bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Globalization and social protests: where and how? The case of Canada and France
Authors: Dufour Pascale
Published: April 2017

Although, in these times it could be considered a good “marketing” strategy to discuss globalization, it is increasingly difficult to choose how to address it, given the abundance of literature that has been produced concerning this subject. In this paper, we do not seek to address economic globalization or the objective trends of globalization that occur in the economic sphere. Moreover, we do not analyze globalization as an external factor that can contribute to national economic development, nor as a hegemonic economic force preventing societal development. In other words, the term globalization, as used, is not a causal factor. Instead, this paper attempts to apprehend the relationship between globalization as a new space of social protest (a space of action, as well as an issue of discourses) in two countries : Canada and France. We observe that the fight for global justice is embedded in national contexts, each of which uniquely translates the global problematic. The role of the state is particularly central to an understanding of this variation. In the same way, globalization, as a space of debates and conflicts, affects the form of national social protest, modifying both its frame and scale.
Les leviers de contrôle des actionnaires majoritaires
Authors: Biebuyck T. , Chapelle A. , Szafarz A.
Published: April 2017

La littérature académique en gouvernance d’entreprise étudie en particulier la séparation entre propriété et contrôle au sein de l’actionnariat des entreprises privées. Cet article propose une synthèse critique et des illustrations internationales des résultats les plus récents en la matière. En particulier, il détaille les mécanismes permettant aux actionnaires dominants d’accroître leur contrôle d’une société, parmi lesquels : les structures pyramidales, les participations croisées et les actions à droits de vote multiples, qui offrent la possibilité de découpler le contrôle de la part effectivement détenue dans le capital de l’entreprise. Ces phénomènes, plus ou moins présents dans les différentes régions du monde, jouent un rôle fondamental puisqu’ils contribuent à l’accroissement des asymétries entre actionnaires d’une même entreprise et engendrent des opportunités de bénéfices privés en faveur de certains d’entre eux. Leur impact s’étend bien au-delà de la sphère de l’entreprise concernée et peut affecter le fonctionnement même des marchés financiers. La quantification du niveau de contrôle au sein d’un empire industriel peut être obtenue à l’aide de diverses méthodes. Les développements récents en la matière sont résumés et l’application à des cas internationaux réels est discutée.
Modern Municipal Statutory Frameworks in Canada
Authors: Garcea Joseph
Published: April 2017

In this article, the author explains and assesses the modern municipal statutory frameworks in Canada. More specifically he examines the novel provisions that provincial and territorial governments are including in some of the emerging municipal statutory frameworks. The overarching purpose of such novel provisions is to supplant the restrictive features the traditional municipal statutory frameworks with permissive and empowering features. Such novel provisions include recognition of municipal governments as ‘orders of government’, ‘spheres of jurisdiction’, and ‘natural person powers’, as well as broader corporate powers and broader bylaw making powers. The author concludes that although the novel provisions constitute important steps in the right direction, they do not constitute a panacea either for municipal governments or, more importantly, for municipal governance. Indeed, he suggests that there is the potential for some negative ramifications for both if such novel provisions are not adopted and implemented with due care and attention to important matters such as the organizational capacity of various types of municipal governments to use them appropriately for various governance purposes.
L’actionnariat salarié au sein des entreprises familiales françaises : rôles et instrumentation
Authors: d'Arcimoles Charles-Henri , Trébucq Stéphane
Published: April 2017

La présente étude porte sur 353 entreprises familiales françaises, cotées sur les marchés réglementés, et tend à confirmer la relation positive entre l’actionnariat salarié et différentes variables de performance. Les réticences exprimées par certains dirigeants d’entreprises familiales à l’égard de l’actionnariat salarié posent alors question. On peut toutefois proposer un modèle explicatif fondé sur la gestion des conflits. En effet, l’actionnariat salarié est plus fréquent en présence d’un bloc de contrôle familial affaibli. Il peut en résulter un phénomène d’enracinement et un risque concomitant de baisse de performance. Dans ces conditions, la performance préalable est une forte incitation pour que les dirigeants d’entreprises familiales acceptent d’endosser délibérément le surcoût entraîné par l’implantation d’un actionnariat salarié, tout en espérant, en contrepartie, une pérennisation du contrôle familial.
Entre droits et mise en scène des rapports sociaux: l’influence des cultures
Authors: d’Iribarne Philippe
Published: April 2017

La comparaison des versions en anglais et en français de la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant montre que, du fait que le texte ne se contente pas d’affirmer des droits mais met en scène les rapports entre ceux qui sont concernés par leur mise en oeuvre, sa rédaction dans l’une et l’autre langue est profondément marquée par la forme de rapports sociaux qui fait référence dans le contexte culturel correspondant. On observe d’un côté l’influence d’une vision anglo-saxonne d’une société d’individus autonomes formant une communauté morale et de l’autre celle d’une vision française de grandeur bienveillante. En l’occurrence, ce ne sont pas les propriétés de la langue, anglais ou français, qui entrent en jeu, mais l’influence de la culture sur la manière dont celle-ci est mise en oeuvre dans le discours.
Do rats see like we see?
Authors: Rust Nicole C
Published: April 2017

Like primates, the rat brain areas thought to be involved in visual object recognition are arranged in a hierarchy.
Associations of Cytokine Concentrations With Key Osteopathic Lesions and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: Results From the OSTEOPATHIC Trial
Authors: Licciardone John C. , Kearns Cathleen M. , Hodge Lisa M. , Bergamini Michael V.W.
Published: April 2017

Context: Little is known about the role that cytokines play in osteopathic manual treatment (OMT) of patients with chronic low back pain (LBP).

Objective: To measure the baseline concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in patients with chronic LBP; the correlations of these cytokine concentrations with clinical measures, including the number of key osteopathic lesions; the changes in cytokine concentrations with OMT; and the association of such changes with clinical outcomes.

Design: Substudy nested within a randomized controlled trial of OMT for nonspecific chronic LBP.

Setting: University-based study in Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas.

Patients: Seventy adult research patients with nonspecific chronic LBP.

Main Outcome Measures: A 10-cm visual analog scale, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey were used to measure LBP severity, back-specific functioning, and general health, respectively.

Results:At baseline, IL-1β (ρ=0.33; P=.005) and IL-6 (ρ=0.32; P=.006) were each correlated with the number of key osteopathic lesions; however, only IL-6 was correlated with LBP severity (ρ=0.28; P=.02). There was a significantly greater reduction of TNF-α concentration after 12 weeks in patients who received OMT compared with patients who received sham OMT (Mann-Whitney U=251.5; P=.03). Significant associations were found between OMT and a reduced TNF-α concentration response at week 12 among patients who achieved moderate (response ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-4.06; P=.006) and substantial (response ratio, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.07-4.25; P=.01) LBP improvements, and improvement in back-specific functioning (response ratio, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.04-2.71; P=.03).

Conclusions: This study found associations between IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations and the number of key osteopathic lesions and between IL-6 and LBP severity at baseline. However, only TNF-α concentration changed significantly after 12 weeks in response to OMT. These discordant findings indicate that additional research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action of OMT in patients with nonspecific chronic LBP.
Evaluation of outcome in Mesenteric Ischemia
Authors: Shams Vahdati Samad , Tatli Ozgur , Taghizadieh Mohammad , Fahimi Roshan , Gholamzadeh Neda , Cicek Mustafa
Published: April 2017

Background: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is an infrequent but a complicated life threatening condition. It is the leading causes of mortality with the rate of 60-100%. The purpose of our study is to investigate demographic outcomes of the patients referred to the emergency department of Imam Reza hospital with the diagnosis of AMI. Methods and materials: All patients with the diagnosis of AMI from March 2014 to March 2016 who were referred to emergency department of Imam Reza hospital, were studied. Demographic characteristics (age, sex, the period from symptom onset till laparotomy), risk factors and the last outcomes of patients were noted in the check lists for each patient. P value less than 0.05 was determined as significant. Results: from 111 patients, 76 cases (68.8%) were male, 35 cases (31.5%) were female. Chief complaint of all patients was stomachache. Period of arriving to the emergency room in 5 cases (4.5%) was 1-6 hours, in 3 cases (2.7%) was 6-12 hours, and in 103 cases (92.8%) has taken more than 12 hours. In 55 cases (49.5%), there was a significant relationship between clinical signs and physical examination findings, whereas in 56 cases (50.5%) there was no relation. In our study 42 cases (37.8%) were treated, whereas the morbidity and mortality rate were respectively 7 (6.3%) and 62 (55.9%). According to the results of our study the most important finding was pain which was disproportionate to physical examination findings (P value< 0.052). Conclusion: Acute mesenteric ischemia is a severe and progressive disease so early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important. One of the main reasons of higher mortality rate in AMI is difficulty in early diagnosis, before necrosis occurrence. Major factor that determines the survival rate is the accurate diagnosis before necrosis and peritonitis happens.
Effect of Different Doses of Granisetron on Preventing Postoperative Shivering in Patients undergoing Septorhinoplasty under General Anesthesia
Authors: Movassaghi Gargari Reza , Mohammadi Poor Anvari Hassan
Published: April 2017

Background: Postoperative shivering is a frequent complication in recovery room after general anesthesia and has been reported in 40-70% of patients undergoing surgery. Postoperative shivering might cause hypoxemia, increase in oxygen consumption, a linear increase in carbon dioxide production, lactic acidosis, and increased intraocular pressure and intracranial pressure. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different doses of granisetron on preventing postoperative shivering in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty under general anesthesia. Methods: 90 patients aged 18-60 years old with grades Ι or ΙΙ of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physicals classification were allocated to the study. The first group (G1) received Granisetron 1mg Intra Venous (IV) before anesthesia induction; the second group (G2) received 3mg Granisetron IV before anesthesia induction and the last group, the control group, received Normal Saline (NS). Three groups were matched regarding age, gender, weight and duration of surgery. Shivering grade and time of operation were recorded in the recovery room. Results: 90 patients scheduled for septorhinoplasty, including 54 men and 36 women, were enrolled to the study.  The mean age of the patients was 28.53 ± 8.62 (18-60) years. The number of the patients suffering from shivering in the recovery room was significantly less in group G2 rather than control group (P=0.006) and also need to therapy was significantly less in this group (G2) compared with the control group (P=0.002). Conclusion: Prophylactic use of granisetron (3mg, IV) can be effective in preventing postoperative shivering following septorhinoplasty.
Crossing the Equity Chasm
Authors: Dzau Victor J. , Shambaugh Emily L. , Laitner Melissa H.
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint discusses how medical innovation often does not reach vulnerable populations, a lack that results in disparities in morbidity and mortality globally.
Decline of Mpox Antibody Responses After Modified Vaccinia Ankara–Bavarian Nordic Vaccination
Authors: Collier Ai-ris Y. , McMahan Katherine , Jacob-Dolan Catherine , Liu Jinyan , Borducchi Erica N. , Moss Bernard , Barouch Dan H.
Published: October 2024

This study assesses mpox-specific immune responses for 12 months after MVA-BN vaccination.
Erosion of the Latino Health Advantage in the US
Authors: Gonzalez-Guarda Rosa M. , Pearson Jay
Published: October 2024

This JAMA Forum discusses the epidemiological and theoretical explanations regarding the erosion of the Latino health advantage in the US and proposes policies to promote Latino immigrant health.
USPSTF Colorectal Cancer Screening Recommendation and Uptake for Individuals Aged 45 to 49 Years
Authors: Siddique Sunny , Wang Rong , Yasin Faiza , Gaddy Jacquelyne J. , Zhang Lan , Gross Cary P. , Ma Xiaomei
Published: October 2024

Importance

In May 2021, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issued a grade B recommendation encouraging colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among average-risk individuals aged 45 to 49 years. The patterns of screening uptake and possible socioeconomic disparities in screening in this age group remain unknown.

Objective

To evaluate changes in CRC screening uptake among average-risk individuals aged 45 to 49 years after the USPSTF recommendation was issued in 2021.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used deidentified claims data from commercially insured Blue Cross Blue Shield beneficiaries aged 45 to 49 years across the US between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022.

Exposure

Publication of the May 2021 USPSTF CRC screening recommendation for adults aged 45 to 49 years.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Absolute and relative changes in screening uptake were compared between a 20-month period preceding (May 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019) and a 20-month period following (May 1, 2021, to December, 31, 2022) the USPSTF recommendation. Interrupted time-series analysis and autoregressive integrated moving average models were used to evaluate changes in screening rates, adjusting for temporal autocorrelation and seasonality.

Results

In this cohort study of 10 221 114 distinct beneficiaries aged 45 to 49 years (mean [SD] age, 47.04 [1.41] years; 51.04% female), bimonthly mean (SD) numbers of average-risk beneficiaries were 3 213 935 (31 508) and 2 923 327 (105 716) in the prerecommendation and postrecommendation periods, respectively. Mean (SD) screening uptake increased from 0.50% (0.02%) to 1.51% (0.59%) between the 2 periods (P < .001), representing an absolute change of 1.01 percentage points (95% CI, 0.62-1.40 percentage points) but no significant relative change (202.51%; 95% CI, −30.59% to 436.87%). Compared with average-risk beneficiaries residing in areas with the lowest socioeconomic status (SES), those residing in areas with the highest SES experienced the largest absolute change in screening (1.25 [95% CI, 0.77-1.74] percentage points vs 0.75 [95% CI, 0.47-1.02] percentage points), but relative changes were not significant (214.01% [95% CI, −30.91% to 461.15%] vs 167.73% [95% CI, −16.30% to 352.62%]). After the recommendation was issued, the screening uptake rate also increased fastest among average-risk beneficiaries residing in the areas with highest SES (0.24 [95% CI, 0.23-0.25] percentage points every 2 months) and metropolitan areas (0.20 [95% CI, 0.19-0.21] percentage points every 2 months).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that among privately insured beneficiaries aged 45 to 49 years, CRC screening uptake increased after the USPSTF recommendation, with potential disparities based on SES and locality.
Fracture Risk Prediction Using the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool in Individuals With Cancer
Authors: Ye Carrie , Leslie William D. , Al-Azazi Saeed , Yan Lin , Lix Lisa M. , Czaykowski Piotr , McCloskey Eugene V. , Johansson Helena , Harvey Nicholas C. , Kanis John A. , Singh Harminder
Published: October 2024

Importance

The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) is a fracture risk prediction tool for 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture in the general population. Whether FRAX is useful in individuals with cancer is uncertain.

Objective

To determine the performance of FRAX for predicting incident fractures in individuals with cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective population-based cohort study included residents of Manitoba, Canada, with and without cancer diagnoses from 1987 to 2014. Diagnoses were identified through the Manitoba Cancer Registry. Incident fractures to March 31, 2021, were identified in population-based health care data. Data analysis occurred between January and March 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

FRAX scores were computed for those with bone mineral density (BMD) results that were recorded in the Manitoba BMD Registry.

Results

This study included 9877 individuals with cancer (mean [SD] age, 67.1 [11.2] years; 8693 [88.0%] female) and 45 877 individuals in the noncancer cohort (mean [SD] age, 66.2 [10.2] years; 41 656 [90.8%] female). Compared to individuals without cancer, those with cancer had higher rates of incident MOF (14.5 vs 12.9 per 1000 person-years; P < .001) and hip fracture (4.2 vs 3.5 per 1000 person-years; P = .002). In the cancer cohort, FRAX with BMD results were associated with incident MOF (HR per SD increase, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.74-1.95]) and hip fracture (HR per SD increase, 3.61 [95% CI, 3.13-4.15]). In the cancer cohort, calibration slopes for FRAX with BMD were 1.03 for MOFs and 0.97 for hip fractures.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this retrospective cohort study, FRAX with BMD showed good stratification and calibration for predicting incident fractures in patients with cancer. These results suggest that FRAX with BMD can be a reliable tool for predicting incident fractures in individuals with cancer.
Mismatch Repair and Microsatellite Testing for Individuals With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Dhimal Totadri , Colugnati Fernando , Hilty Chu Bailey K. , Loria Anthony , Cupertino Paula , Mulkerin Daniel , Fleming Fergal J.
Published: October 2024

This cohort study examines the institution-level and patient-level factors associated with mismatch repair and microsatellite testing for individuals with colorectal cancer.
Periocular Swelling, Fever, and Organomegaly in a 4-Year-Old Child
Authors: Scantling-Birch Yarrow , Kiernan Miles
Published: October 2024

A child aged 4 years presented with a 3-day history of worsening redness, pain, and swelling over the left lower eyelid and nose. Visual acuity was normal, and systemic examination revealed cervical lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. The patient showed no improvement after 3 days of intravenous ceftriaxone, and a computed tomography scan showed a collection in the lacrimal sac. What would you do next?
Trends in Retinopathy of Prematurity Among Preterm Infants in California, 2012 to 2021
Authors: Quinn M. K. , Lee Henry C. , Profit Jochen , Chu Alison
Published: October 2024

Importance

The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has been increasing in the US since 2003. Understanding the progression of and racial disparities in ROP incidence in California can provide a contrasting perspective that may guide future research and practice in the management and prevention of ROP.

Objective

To describe how the screening and incidence of ROP among very preterm infants in California changed from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This study used a cohort of very preterm infants (defined as infants born prior to 32 weeks’ gestational age or weighing less than 1500 g) admitted to 60 neonatal intensive care units across California from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021. Among this cohort, several factors were examined, including (1) the clinical and sociodemographic covariates of the population with and without ROP, (2) trends in screening for ROP, and (3) the incidence of ROP in total and by race and ethnicity. Data analysis was performed in April 2024.

Exposures

Race and ethnicity and other birthing parental and infant descriptive characteristics.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Incidence rates of ROP and severe ROP. The primary measures were rates of ROP screening and incidence rates of ROP and severe ROP. Time trends in the risk of ROP and severe ROP were estimated using robust Poisson regression models.

Results

In this cohort of 39 269 very preterm infants (<32 weeks’ gestational age) eligible for ROP screening, the mean (SD) infant gestational age was 28.6 (2.6) weeks. The mean (SD) birth weight was 1075 (274) g, and 48.6% of infants were female. The birthing parents of the population were 12.6% Asian, 13.3% Black, 44.9% Hispanic White or Hispanic other race, 0.7% Native American/Alaskan, 24.7% non-Hispanic White, and 1.0% Pacific Islander. From January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021, in California, ROP screening rates remained steady at 95% or greater for eligible infants less than 30 weeks of gestational age for all race and ethnic subgroups. In this study cohort among all very preterm infants (<32 weeks’ gestational age), the incidence of ROP decreased from 31% in 2012 to 29% in 2021. Incidence rates of ROP among Asian and Hispanic individuals decreased the most quickly compared to other racial and ethnic groups, narrowing disparities.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, in contrast to increasing national trends, the total incidence of and racial and ethnic disparities in ROP incidence remained steady or decreased from 2012 to 2021 in California.
Dosimetric impact of variable air cavity within PTV for rectum cancer
Authors: Chan Eujin , Goodall Simon K. , Finnegan Robert , Moorfoot Paul , Jameson Michael , Dunn Leon
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of rectal air volume changes on treatment plan quality, and subsequently inform daily cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation constraints, in terms of acceptable rectal air volume during treatment.

Methods

Twelve rectal cancer patients who exhibited rectal air within the PTV on their planning CT were selected. A study was conducted to evaluate the deterioration in plan quality due to expanding air volume. For each case, the air cavity volume was isotropically expanded in three dimensions using predefined margins of 3, 5, 7, and 10 mm, while deforming bladder and rectum contours. A constraint was applied to the bony anatomy to restrict the deformation. Treatment plans were then generated for all twelve patients by recalculating the reference plan with the expanded air cavity volume.

Results

As the air cavity expanded, the maximum relative change in D98% coverage, compared to the reference plan, decreased by 10.8% ± 3.5%, while the D2% increased by 3.5% ± 0.9%. The positioning of the air cavity notably influenced the D98% variability with the 3 mm expansion. D98% coverage falls below 95% when the air cavity volume exceeds 17 cm3. On average, D2% coverage increased by 0.5% with each expansion. At the largest expansion, extensive coverage of 102% and 105% isodoses was observed compared to the reference plan.

Conclusion

Air cavity volumes above 17 cm3 can potentially degrade the high‐dose PTV coverage while increasing the regions covered by the 102% and 105% isodoses. Clinical CBCT guidelines were deduced, recommending a maximum threshold of 3.2 cm in diameter in any direction.
The Effect of Temperature on Magnetic Properties and Surface Integrity in Nd2Fe14B Permanent Magnets, Under Dry and Wet Grinding for Automotive Applications
Authors: Cestone Lorenzo , Melkote Shreyes N. , Liverani Erica , Piandoro Samuele , Ascari Alessandro , Fortunato Alessandro
Published: October 2024

Electric motors transform the electrochemical energy into mechanical energy needed for the vehicles’ motion. Given that the transition from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles is likely to be the main driver of sustainable transportation, high‐performing electric motors will be increasingly important for this transition. Herein, the effect of the grinding process on the surface integrity and magnetic properties of NdFeB permanent magnets are investigated. NdFeB permanent magnets are most commonly used in the fabrication of permanent magnet electric motors and they are usually ground during their fabrication process chain in order to create a high‐quality cylindrical rotor for subsequent mechanical assembly. In particular, the effects of wet and dry grinding processes on magnetic properties and surface integrity are studied and compared. Guided by a thermal model, the grinding process parameters are varied highlighting their effects on the underlying thermomechanical phenomena responsible for the changes in surface integrity and magnetic properties observed. Wet grinding proves to be a viable process for NdFeB magnets. Additionally, acceptable results are achieved with dry grinding, which is particularly appealing due to its sustainability. It is noteworthy that the range of process parameters yielding acceptable results is narrower.
Thermal Shrinking of Biopolymeric Hydrogels for High Resolution 3D Printing of Kidney Tubules
Authors: Viola Martina , Valverde Marta G. , Bernal Paulina Nuñez , van Trijp Jacobus P. , Hak Jaimie , Marco Greta Di , Neumann Myriam , Schuurmans Carl. C.L. , van Nostrum Cornelus F. , Masereeuw Rosalinde , Mihăilă Silvia M. , Malda Jos , Levato Riccardo , Vermonden Tina
Published: October 2024

The effective replication of microtubular structures in tissue engineering remains a great challenge. In this study, the temperature‐responsive characteristics of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) to create intricate, high‐resolution tubular structures through a shrinking mechanism is investigated by exploring 2 thermosensitive hydrogels–gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA) and silk fibroin methacryloyl (silkMA)–combined with pNIPAM. Systematic investigations revealed precise control of shrinking behavior at elevated temperatures (33–37 °C) as a function of polymer concentration. The hydrogel sizes reduce by ≈15% from room temperature (RT) to 33 °C and ≈40% from RT to 37 °C for both hydrogel types. The shrinking affects the mechanical properties, increasing the compressive modulus by ≈2.8‐fold for gelMA‐pNIPAM gels and ≈5.1‐fold for silkMA‐pNIPAM gels at 37 °C. Combined with volumetric printing, these materials achieve resolution enhancements of ≈20% for positive features and ≈70% for negative features, enabling the creation of complex, high‐resolution structures within seconds, with open channels (≈50 µm). GelMA‐pNIPAM hydrogels show better cell compatibility compared to silkMA‐pNIPAM hydrogels, promoting cell adhesion and viability. This study demonstrates the thermosensitive hydrogels' capability to engineer intricate, high‐resolution tubular structures with volumetric printing–an efficient route to fabricate microenvironments mimicking native tissues with potential for developing relevant in vitro models.
Photothermal‐Electric Excited Droplet Multibehavioral Manipulation
Authors: Jing Xueshan , Chen Huawei , Shang Xiaopeng , Zhang Liwen , Zhao Song , Zhou Xinzhao , Liu Xiaolin , Wang Zelinlan , Wang Yan , Du Wenxin , Guo Yurun , Jiang Lei
Published: October 2024

The light‐excited droplet manipulation is crucial in diverse industrial and health domains, owning to the merits of real‐time control and noncontact operation. However, strong driving forces and high‐precision maneuverability for splitting or mixing are still the challenges. Here a novel concept of configurating pyroelectric crystal surface is put forward to carry out multifunctional manipulation of the droplet by optical‐thermal‐electrical effect. Dipole‐like electric charge distribution is excited around the light spot to generate sharper inversion of electric field gradient and 10‐fold stronger dielectrophoretic （DEP） force than conventional photopyroelectric approaches. Both the stable mode and metastable‐oscillation mode are found and can be positively used to make on‐demand sliding and inside mixing of droplets. Especially, various droplets with the surface tension ranging from 25.7 to 85.4 mN m−1 can be split by light. The present droplet manipulation technique demonstrates its promising applications in cargo transportation, combinatorial chemistry and biomedical analysis.
Engineering Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Sites in 2D Metal‐Porphyrin Frameworks for Initiator‐Free, Broadband Photocatalytic Synthesis of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polymers
Authors: Gao Qiang , Wang Shiyu , Xie Yi , Chen Jing , Ye Gang
Published: October 2024

Metal‐organic frameworks bearing coordinatively unsaturated metal sites (CUSs) exhibit distinctive interactions toward guest molecules, thereby presenting intriguing properties in photocatalytic applications. Herein, an adaptable strategy is established to create 2D metal‐porphyrin frameworks while engineering the CUSs based on the use of bivalent metal nodes (Zn2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Cd2+) and Zr‐O clusters. The strong surface‐coordination effect reduces the energy barriers to activate acrylate monomers adsorbed to the nanosheet frameworks, enabling the generation of anion radicals through a broadband light‐induced electron transfer pathway. Particularly, the photocatalytic cycle offers a hole‐mediated deactivation mechanism to regulate the radical concentrations in the polymerization system, while the propagating chains exhibit a surface‐confined growth behavior that significantly inhibits recombination terminations. Extensive mechanistic studies and theoretical calculations reveal the molecular‐level guest‐framework interactions and establish the guidelines to screen metal centers for fabricating valid photocatalysts and monomers compatible with photo‐regulated polymerization. A series of ultrahigh molecular weight polymers with Mn > 1 000 000 and relatively low dispersity (Đ ≈ 1.5) are obtained upon exposure to the full spectrum of visible light. This study provides novel inspirations for harnessing natural sunlight to drive macromolecular synthesis with minimal energy consumption.
Synergistic Effect of H+ and I− Oxidation Enables Long‐Term Stability of the Precursor Solutions and Enhanced Performance of FA‐Dominated Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yin Song , Jiao Xuewei , Liu Xudong , Liu Mingxuan , Xu Bingshun , Li Na , Lu Yonghao , Yang Shaopeng , Kong Weiguang
Published: October 2024

The role of MA in FAMA mixed perovskite remains far from being fully understood, due to the intricate chemical evolutions in the precursor solutions. Adjusting the content of MA in FAMA mixed perovskite arbitrarily remains a great challenge. This study elucidates a synergistic effect between H+ and I− oxidation which helps to reduce the content of MA in FA‐dominated perovskite. Briefly, excessive H+ boosts the balanced and rapid assembly of MA and FA components in FA‐dominated perovskite and hampers unfavorable chemical evolution induced by nucleophilic reaction between MA and FA in the precursor solution, while I− oxidation accelerates the in situ crystallization of perovskite. Leveraging this synergistic effect, centimeter‐scaled FAxMA(1‐x)PbI3 single crystals with arbitrarily adjustable values of x are successfully fabricated. In addition, peroxyacetic acid is introduced as the additive, enabling the blade‐coated FA0.9MA0.1PbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to achieve an impressive efficiency of 23.7%. The efficiency achieved here is among the highest values for blade‐coated PSCs with FA content exceeding 90% so far. The optimized solution developed in this study achieved exceptional stability, allowing it to be stored under air conditions for over 2 months without significant degradation in cell efficiency. This outcome satisfies the requirements for commercialization.
Enhanced Pyroelectricity Over Extended Thermal Range in Flexible Polymer Thin Films
Authors: Xie Kaili , Housseini Joulia , Resende Pedro M. , Le Goupil Florian , Isasa Jean‐David , Tencé‐Girault Sylvie , Fleury Guillaume , Kellay Hamid , Hadziioannou Georges
Published: October 2024

Polymer‐based pyroelectric thin films are crucial functional materials at the core of flexible and lightweight electronic devices, such as wearable monitoring sensors, energy harvesters, and infrared detectors. Nevertheless, the pyroelectric properties of the polymer films, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)), vanish when the surrounding temperature exceeds the ferroelectric‐to‐paraelectric transition temperature, and thus limits their pyroelectric performance to a low‐temperature range. Herein, to mitigate this issue by employing a new class of P(VDF‐TrFE) copolymer which has a low TrFE molar content is proposed. Fine‐tuning of the structure through thermal annealing in a vacuum environment significantly favors robust and highly polarized polymer films with a large area. Electric poling combined with an optimal annealing temperature (110–120 °C) gives highly ordered ferroelectric crystalline domains in the polymer films. Consequently, this remarkably broadens the temperature range (roughly up to 140 °C) for which the polymer film still presents high pyroelectric properties (pyroelectric coefficient 50 µC (m2K)−1). This study provides an alternative choice for pyroelectric polymer films with enhanced pyroelectricity in applications that require wider temperature ranges.
High‐Throughput Screening of High‐Performance Magnetocaloric Materials by Gradient Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Xie Longlong , Liang Chenguang , Qin Yazhou , Zhou He , Yu Ziyuan , Chen Haodong , Naeem Muhammad Zeeshan , Qiao Kaiming , Wen Yaojie , Zhang Baicheng , Wang Gaofeng , Li Xiao , Liu Jian , Franco Victorino , Chu Ke , Yi Min , Zhang Hu
Published: October 2024

Magnetic refrigeration based on magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has become a promising cooling technology to replace the traditional vapor compression refrigeration. However, traditional methods for searching MCE materials require producing many different compositions, causing unbearable workload and long experimental periods. Here, 3D printed La0.7Ce0.3Fe11.65Si1.35–Fe compositionally gradient alloys (CGAs) are successfully prepared using laser powder bed fusion equipped with a powder hopper with dual‐bin structure. This CGAs accelerate the high‐throughput screening for the best composition of La(Fe, Si)13/Fe with both high MCE and mechanical properties. The good interfacial compatibility between brittle 1:13 phase and reinforcing α‐Fe improves the mechanical properties significantly. Even after hydrogenation, the compressive strength and ultimate strain of the La(Fe, Si)13/Fe hydrides are ≈220% and ≈150% higher than those of stoichiometric La(Fe, Si)13. Meanwhile, the hydrogenated composite exhibits a large MCE under low magnetic field, e.g., the magnetic entropy change |ΔSM|max of 7.6 J kg−1 K−1 under 2 T is 52% higher than that of the benchmark Gd (5.0 J kg−1 K−1). Furthermore, this La(Fe, Si)13/Fe is 3D printed into various complex shapes suitable for heat exchangers. This study provides an innovative strategy for high‐throughput screening of new materials.
Halogenation Engineering of Solid Additives Enables 19.39% Efficiency and Stable Binary Organic Solar Cells via Manipulating Molecular Stacking and Aggregation of Both Donor and Acceptor Components
Authors: Su Wenyan , Zhou Xuming , Wu Qiang , Wu Yue , Qin Hongmei , Liang Zezhou , Li Hongxiang , Bai Hairui , Guo Jing , Jiang Long , Liu Yuhang , Ma Ruijie , Li Yuxiang , Zhu Weiguo , Fan Qunping
Published: October 2024

By selectively interacting with acceptor components, various typed solid additives achieve boosted power conversion efficiency (PCE) in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, due to the efficient active layer being composed of donor and acceptor materials, it is difficult to obtain the desired morphology by manipulating the acceptor component alone, limiting further improvement of PCEs. Herein, two solid additives with a same backbone of thiophene‐benzene‐thiophene (halogen‐free D1‐H) but different halogen substituents (fluorinated D1‐F and chlorinated D1‐Cl) are developed to probe the working mechanism of halogenated variation of solid additives in OSCs. Unlike D1‐H with continuous charge distributions, D1‐F and D1‐Cl show isolated positive charge distribution in benzene‐core and negative charge distribution in thiophene, offering stronger non‐covalent interactions with both donor (PM6) and acceptor (L8‐BO), especially D1‐Cl. Consequently, D1‐Cl‐treated active layer obtains an optimized phase separation and improved molecular packing, boosting PCE to 18.59% and device stability of OSCs, with 17.62% for D1‐H‐treated counterparts. Moreover, using D18:L8‐BO and D18:BTP‐eC9 as active layers, D1‐Cl‐treated binary OSCs obtain impressive PCEs of 19.29% and 19.39%, respectively. This work indicates that halogenation engineering developed in solid additives can effectively regulate morphology for improving PCE and stability of OSCs, and elucidates the underlying mechanism.
Dismountable Protein Corona‐Modified Virus‐Like Manganese‐Arsenic Nanomedicine Enables Safe and Targeted Delivery for Synergistic Arsenotherapy
Authors: Tian Haina , Gao Xiaoyang , Wei Haiyun , Ding Zongyao , Ming Qian , Wu Weiwei , Zhang Xiao , Ren Shuaiwei , Li Zhaowei , Shao Fengying , Wang Changlong
Published: October 2024

Arsenic agents have shown great potential in fighting leukemia, but are poorly known in treating solid tumors, mainly ascribing to the rapid clearance and low targeting ability. It is reported that morphology modulation can enhance the interaction between nanoparticles and cell membrane. Herein, a dismountable protein corona‐modified virus‐like manganese‐arsenic nanomedicine (vMnAs@HR) is rationally proposed for realizing safe and targeted delivery and synergistic arsenotherapy. The virus‐like manganese‐arsenic nanoparticle (vMnAs) is constructed followed by modification of a temporary R848‐loaded HDL (HR) protein corona. Upon intravenous injection, the HR protein corona is stable and actively targeted to tumor tissue by taking advantage of the interaction between HDL and its receptor SR‐BI. Intriguingly, upon accumulated in the tumor, HR can be jettisoned and interacted with macrophages for proinflammatory phenotype modulation. The re‐exposed vMnAs can efficiently enhance endocytosis by taking advantage of the rationally designed spiky morphology. Moreover, the released double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) and manganese ions during tumor cell apoptosis can cooperatively activate cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway of DCs for systematic immune activation. It is anticipated that this morphology‐transformable nanomedicine can realize safe and efficient arsenic delivery for synergistic arsenotherapy.
Concentration‐Switchable Assembly of Carbon Dots for Circularly Polarized Luminescent Amplification in Chiral Logic Gates and Deep‐Red Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ai Lin , Wang Haolin , Wang Boyang , Liu Suya , Song Haoqiang , Lu Siyu
Published: October 2024

Stimuli‐responsive circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials are expected to find widespread application in advanced information technologies, such as 3D displays, multilevel encryption, and chiral optical devices. Here, using R‐/S‐α‐phenylethylamine and 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride as precursors, chiral carbon dots (Ch‐CDs) exhibiting bright concentration‐dependent luminescence are synthesized, demonstrating reversible responses in both their morphologies and emission spectra. By adjusting Ch‐CD concentration, the switchable wavelength is extended over 180 nm (539–720 nm), with the maximum quantum efficiency reaching 100%. Meanwhile, upon increasing Ch‐CD concentration, the emission wavelength red‐shifts, while the chirality of the assembled nanoribbons is synchronously amplified, ultimately achieving CPL at 709 nm and a maximum luminescence asymmetry factor of 2.18 × 10−2. These values represent the longest wavelength and the largest glum reported for CDs. Considering the remarkable optical properties of the synthesized Ch‐CDs, multilevel chiral logic gates are designed, and their potential practical applications are demonstrated in multilevel anti‐counterfeiting encryption, flexible electronic printing, and solid‐state CPL. Furthermore, deep‐red chiral electroluminescence light‐emitting diodes (EL‐LEDs) are prepared using these Ch‐CDs, achieving an external quantum efficiency of 1.98%, which is the highest value reported to date for CDs in deep‐red EL‐LEDs, and the first report of chiral electronic devices based on CDs.
A Mg Battery‐Integrated Bioelectronic Patch Provides Efficient Electrochemical Stimulations for Wound Healing
Authors: Ma Xuenan , Zhou Yan , Xin Meiying , Yuan Hongming , Chao Danming , Liu Fangmeng , Jia Xiaoteng , Sun Peng , Wang Caiyun , Lu Geyu , Wallace Gordon
Published: October 2024

Bioelectronic patches hold promise for patient‐comfort wound healing providing simplified clinical operation. Currently, they face paramount challenges in establishing long‐term effective electronic interfaces with targeted cells and tissues due to the inconsistent energy output and high bio interface impedance. Here a new electrochemical stimulation technology is reported, using a simple wound patch, which integrates the efficient generation and delivery of stimulation. This is realized by employing a hydrogel bioelectronic interface as an active component in an integrated power source (i.e., Mg battery). The Mg battery enhances fibroblast functions (proliferation, migration, and growth factor secretion) and regulates macrophage phenotype (promoting regenerative polarization and down‐regulating pro‐inflammatory cytokines), by providing an electric field and the ability to control the cellular microenvironment through chemical release. This bioelectronic patch shows an effective and accelerated wound closure by guiding epithelial migration, mediating immune response, and promoting vasculogenesis. This new electrochemical‐mediated therapy may provide a new avenue for user‐friendly wound management as well as a platform for fundamental insights into cell stimulation.
Infrared Photodetectors: Recent Advances and Challenges Toward Innovation for Image Sensing Applications
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Imran , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Hur Jaehyun
Published: October 2024

High‐resolution infrared (IR) imaging technology holds substantial significance across diverse fields including biomedical imaging, environmental surveillance, and IR digital cameras. Current IR detectors used in commercial applications are based on ultra‐high vacuum‐processed traditional inorganic semiconductors like silicon or III‐V compounds (e.g., Si, Ge, and InGaAs). However, the rapid advancements in applications such as autonomous vehicles, virtual reality, and point‐of‐care healthcare are driving an escalating need for innovative imaging technologies. This review aims to bridge the gap by exploring solution‐processed semiconductor photodetectors (PDs), which offer distinct advantages including cost‐effectiveness, tunable spectral response, and potential for multiple‐exciton generation. These characteristics make them particularly suitable for optical communication, IR imaging, and biological monitoring applications. This review provides comprehensive insights into the research trends pertaining to solution‐processed IR detectors and imagers based on colloidal quantum dots, perovskites, organic compounds, and 2D materials. The review commences with the current market worth of image sensors, the fundamental principles of single‐pixel and multipixel array IR imagers, and key parameters used to assess IR detector performance. In essence, the review concludes with a summary of recent advancements and future prospects for next‐generation IR PD devices and their potential application as an IR imager.
Direct Photo‐Crosslinking Patterning for High‐Performance 0D–2D Hybrid Photodetectors
Authors: Kim Jung‐Min , Jeong Seock‐Jin , Kim Hae‐Sik , Kim Do‐Eok , Yu Jeong Hwan , Lee Sang‐Hyeon , Ahn Jae‐Hyeon , Cho Sinyoung , Chae Weon‐Sik , Lee Jong‐Soo
Published: October 2024

High‐performance 0D–2D hybrid photodetectors integrated with a crosslinker for direct pattering of quantum dots on the large‐scale synthesized MoS2 layer are reported. In the patterned hybrid structure, QD layers are patterned with a resolution of up to 2 µm, ensuring high precision. Enhanced charge transfer from QDs to 2D materials is confirmed using PL quenching, TR‐PL, and UPS analysis. As a result, the QD/2D hybrid photodetectors with crosslinker‐assisted direct patterning demonstrated a remarkable photoresponsivity of ≈105 A W−1 and a specific detectivity of over 1011 Jones, attributed to the difference in built‐in potential. The crosslinker patterning of QDs opens up potential applications for the photodetectors in highly integrated image sensors and can be further extended to high‐resolution display industries, eliminating unnecessary fabrication processes.
Combinatory Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma Treatment
Authors: Ijaz Muhammad , Hasan Ikram , Jiang Zhiru , Ullah Zia , Aslam Bilal , Khurshid Mohsin , Sun Yansun , Guo Bing
Published: October 2024

Despite advancements in the treatment of glioblastoma, it faces challenges due to tumor heterogeneity, the blood‐brain barrier, recurrence, immune evasion, and conventional strategies, leading to low survival and a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel, useful treatment strategies for improving brain distribution to overcome blood‐brain barriers (BBB) and help the treatment of glioblastoma. Conventional immunotherapy like checkpoint inhibitors, CAR‐T cell therapy, monoclonal antibodies, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell transfer often suffers from low therapeutic outcomes because the singular therapy generally has shortcomings, such as the cold immune microenvironment of brain tumors. In contrast, the emerging combinatory immunotherapy integrated with chemo‐immunotherapy, photothermal‐immunotherapy, and radio‐immunotherapy has shown great promise to modulate tumoral immune microenvironment and boost treatment outcomes. This review discusses the immune microenvironment of GBM, its impact on immunological effects, current immunotherapy methods, and advanced studies. It also introduces combinational GBM immunotherapy with traditional cancer therapies like chemo‐immunotherapy, surgery‐immunotherapy, photothermal‐immunotherapy, and radiotherapy‐immunotherapy. In the future, it is anticipated that this article will provide beneficial information and a path for the strategy of innovative, efficient combination immunotherapy in the treatment of glioblastoma.