bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selves in play: Sports, scouts, and American cultural citizenship
Authors: Turner Strong Pauline , Posner Laurie
Published: August 2010

US youth organizations, several now celebrating their hundredth birthdays, have inherited a history of crafting selves through cultural appropriation. In organizations such as the YMCA, Boy Scouts of America, and Camp Fire Girls, woodcraft and wilderness sports associated with Native Americans have played a privileged role, serving to construct American citizens through a form of mimesis popularly known as ‘playing Indian’. As dominant ways of dealing with cultural diversity have changed from assimilation and cultural appropriation to multicultural inclusion, and as various anti-discrimination laws have been enacted, US youth organizations have struggled to transform their traditions. This article tracks a history of cultural appropriation and organized play in US youth development organizations in order to understand these organizations’ dilemmas and strategies as they attempt to remain vital and relevant in the 21st century.
British Muslim experiences in English first-class cricket
Authors: Burdsey Daniel
Published: August 2010

British Muslims (the majority of whom are of South Asian background) remain largely excluded from professional sport in the UK. A notable exception is cricket, where significant representation has been achieved in a playing capacity. Based on in-depth interviews, this article examines the experiences of British Muslim players in the contemporary English first-class game. In particular, it addresses the role and significance of Islam in their sporting lives; the extent to which their experiences as Muslims and their subsequent public articulations of Muslimness in the sporting environment are affected by the wider socio-political climate that has developed since the 7/7 London transport bombings; and the degree to which dominant subcultural and off-field aspects of professional cricket are perceived to be conducive to observing the obligations of Islam. Following academic work that has detailed the complexities, nuances and multiple constructions of young Muslim lives and identities in other areas of British society, this article extends these analyses by examining the currently under-researched area of professional sport, thereby shedding light on an arena in which British Muslim voices have previously been ignored or marginalized. The article also discusses methodological issues related to a non-Muslim undertaking research in/with Muslim communities.
How a turn to critical race theory can contribute to our understanding of ‘race’, racism and anti-racism in sport
Authors: Hylton Kevin
Published: August 2010

As long as racism has been associated with sport there have been consistent, if not coordinated or coherent, struggles to confront its various forms. Critical race theory (CRT) is a framework established to challenge these racialized inequalities and racism in society and has some utility for anti-racism in sport. CRT’s focus on social justice and transformation are two areas of convergence between critical race theorists and anti-racists. Of the many nuanced and pernicious forms of racism, one of the most obvious and commonly reported forms of racism in sport, racial abuse, has been described as a kind of dehumanizing process by Gardiner (2003), as those who are its target are simultaneously (re)constructed and objectified according to everyday myth and fantasy. However, this is one of the many forms of everyday racist experiences. Various forms of racism can be experienced in boardrooms, on television, in print, in the stands, on the sidelines and on the pitch. Many times racism is trivialized and put down as part of the game (Long et al., 2000), yet its impact is rarely the source of further exploration. This article will explore the conceptualization of ‘race’ and racism for a more effective anti-racism. Critical race theory will also be used to explore the ideas that underpin considerations of the severity of racist behaviour and the implications for anti-racism.
The Mining Complex of Braçal and Malhada, Portugal: Lead Mining in Roman Times and Linking Historical Social Trends – Amphitheatre Games
Authors: Martins Carla Maria Braz
Published: August 2010

The mining complex of Braçal and Malhada was the chief lead exploration site in Portugal in Roman times. This article outlines the type of mining conducted on site and discusses the associated findings, which point to a date in the mid-first century AD. Some aspects of the findings offer a new perspective on the relationship between mining sites and places of entertainment, in other words, the likelihood of temporary amphitheatres for gladiator games. This relationship may also apply to other locations in northern Portugal where gold was mined.
Old Textiles – New Possibilities
Authors: Strand Eva Andersson , Frei Karin Margarita , Gleba Margarita , Mannering Ulla , Nosch Marie-Louise , Skals Irene
Published: August 2010

Textile research has become an important field of archaeology. Although the established analytical methods are often viewed as specialized, their integration with other interdisciplinary approaches allows us to deal with broader archaeological issues and provides the interpretational base for a much more comprehensive investigation of textiles in ancient times. Analyses of fibres, dyes, archaeobotanical and archaeozoological remains, as well as palaeoenvironmental and geochemical investigations, provide information about available resources, while tool studies, experimental testing, and visual grouping are approaches that explore the technology and techniques. Together, these approaches can provide new knowledge about textile production and consumption and, thereby, about people and society in ancient times.
Archaeological Data and Written Sources: Lustreware Production in Renaissance Italy, a Case Study
Authors: Caroscio Marta
Published: August 2010

The major production centres of lustreware in Renaissance Italy (Deruta and Cafaggiolo) have been chosen as a case study to prove the importance of combining archaeological and written evidence, with production in Montelupo and Faenza also taken into account. The focus is on the relationship between different production centres and the movement of potters from one centre to the next as a unique means of transmitting technical knowledge. Written sources such as ‘recipes’ were not created by potters, but were usually collected by others decades after the actual transmission of skills occurred. In this respect the influence of models in the form of ‘fashionable’ objects circulating in the Mediterranean area, together with the movements of people, prove vital. The first appearance and transmission of lustreware are summarized, underlining the importance of the contacts with Spain. If the Italian tin-glazed pottery known asitalo-morescacan be regarded as the result of imitated models, lustreware production requires skills that could not have been acquired by chance.
‘A single societal community with full citizenship for all’: Talcott Parsons, citizenship and modern society
Authors: Sciortino Giuseppe
Published: August 2010

The main claim of this paper is to show that any canon of citizenship studies should include Talcott Parsons. Contrary to the received views, Talcott Parsons provides an innovative view of citizenship as a key sociological structure, rooted in his theory of modern society. In doing so, he anticipates contemporary debates on the topic by highlighting the relationship between citizenship and cultural pluralism in modern Western societies. The paper provides both an interpretative account of Parsons’ analysis of citizenship and an assessment of its contemporary relevance.
Du Bois on citizenship: Revising the ‘Du Bois as sociologist’ canon
Authors: Stanfield John H.
Published: August 2010

This essay surveying W.E.B. Du Bois’ views on citizenship contends that the conventional canon in ‘Du Bois as sociologist’ studies tends to fixate on his pre-First World War years as a Social Darwinian reformer, focusing on the cultural and legal exclusion of African American and Pan-African citizens. Ignored in this focus is his turn to the left after his 1926 visit to the Soviet Union, which contributed to his gradual transformation into a Marxist-oriented world peace advocate and, during his last years, into a Communist. The Red Scare, the Cold War, the factor of race in Jim Crow America, and the anti-Marxist and anti-Communist perspectives of the third-generational sociologists who would come to define post-Second World War American sociology would assure Du Bois’ political burial in American sociology and in American intellectual thought in general until a new Black pride generation emerged in the 1960s. But even then, post-1960s sociologists have yet to come to terms with Du Bois’ post-1920s Marxist and otherwise left-of-center perspectives on the experiences of citizenship injustice among people of color and other dehumanized peoples around the world, which read so much like contemporary post-modern and restorative justice theories and parallel C. Wright Mills’ The Power Elite, published in the 1950s.
Study on a Novel Two-dimensional HPLC and Wide-bore Electrophoresis System
Authors: Li Youxin , Fang Xin , Zhao Shibin , Zhai Tingting , Sun Xiaochun , Bao James Jianmin
Published: August 2010

By precisely fixing an inner cooling capillary to the axial center of a quartz tube, a new and better wide-bore electrophoresis (WBE) system was built and has shown great potential in load capacity and separation efficiency. Further, a novel two-dimensional hybrid of HPLC and WBE system (HPLC–WBE) was developed with an injection valve as the interface. High-resolution and rapid analysis speed were observed in both the WBE system and the 2D HPLC–WBE system. Further work is currently underway.
Seven-coordinate Rhenium(III) Complexes with a Labile Coordination Site Assembled on Indium-doped Tin Oxide (ITO) Electrodes: Catalytic Reduction of Dioxygen to Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Sugimoto Hideki , Tano Hiroyuki , Miyake Hiroyuki , Itoh Shinobu
Published: August 2010

The complexes containing seven-coordinate bis(terpyridine)rhenium(III)(OH) moiety with phosphonic acid groups on the ligand have been synthesized and attached on indium-doped tin oxide electrodes. The modified electrodes show pH dependent cyclic voltammograms due to proton-coupled electron transfer and catalyze electrochemical reduction of dioxygen to hydrogen peroxide.
Synthesis and Properties of 1,3-Dithiole[5]dendralenes with Two Thiophene Spacers
Authors: Horiuchi Hiroaki , Misaki Yohji
Published: August 2010

Novel 1,3-dithiole[5]dendralene derivatives with two thiophene spacers 3a and 3b were synthesized. Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry revealed that the positive charges of 3 in the dication and tetracation states mainly distribute on the outer two extended TTF moieties.
Análise morfométrica do colágeno dérmico a partir da segmentação por conglomerados (clusters) de cor
Authors: Miot Hélio Amante , Brianezi Gabrielli
Published: August 2010

Análise morfométrica do colágeno dérmico pode fornecer subsídio quantitativo para a pesquisa em dermatologia. Os autores demonstram uma técnica de análise de imagem digital que permite a identificação de estruturas microscópicas, a partir da segmentação por conglomerados (clusters), de cor aplicada à estimativa da intensidade e densidade das fibras colágenas da derme.
Effects of farm and landscape management on bird and butterfly conservation in western Honduras
Authors: MILDER JEFFREY C. , DeCLERCK FABRICE A. J. , SANFIORENZO ANDRE , SÁNCHEZ DALIA MERLO , TOBAR DIEGO E. , ZUCKERBERG BENJAMIN
Published: August 2010

Previous research has indicated that a substantial portion of native flora and fauna may persist in agricultural mosaics in the Neotropics. However, understanding the relative importance of different habitat factors and management practices at different scales for sustaining this biodiversity has proven somewhat elusive. In addition, most such research has taken place in only a few fairly well‐studied landscapes, thus limiting our ability to infer broader patterns that might be transferred to unstudied locales. This study expands the geographic breadth of prior research by evaluating bird and butterfly assemblages in an agricultural landscape in the Río Copán watershed of western Honduras. The study also provides a systematic assessment of the relative influence of categorical and continuous habitat variables across a range of scales likely to be significant for birds and butterflies. Overall, we recorded 145 tree species, 139 bird species, and 119 butterfly species. Birds and butterflies displayed contrasting responses to land cover: birds were most strongly associated with dense vegetation in broadleaf forests, forest fallows, shade‐grown coffee farms, and live fences, while butterflies were most abundant in live fences, pastures, and riparian forests. Bird assemblages were heavily skewed toward common and non‐forest‐dependent species, likely due to the young age and high disturbance level of forest plots. In contrast, butterfly assemblages contained a substantial proportion of forest‐dependent species, which were observed in forests as well as pastures and live fences. Contrary to expectations, categorical land cover descriptors were more effective at explaining faunal assemblage patterns than continuous habitat descriptors related to vegetation and landscape context. In addition, plot scale (25–100 m) habitat features had a greater influence on faunal assemblages than did neighborhood scale (200–3000 m) landscape composition or structure, although differences in management intensity at the scale of the entire watershed (5–20 km) also exerted a strong influence on conservation outcomes.
A dynamic species distribution model of Glossina subgenus Morsitans: The identification of tsetse reservoirs and refugia
Authors: DeVISSER MARK H. , MESSINA JOSEPH P. , MOORE NATHAN J. , LUSCH DAVID P. , MAITIMA JOSEPH
Published: August 2010

Tsetse flies are the primary vector for African trypanosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease that affects both humans and livestock across the continent of Africa. In 1973 tsetse were estimated to inhabit 22% of Kenya; by 1996 that number had risen to roughly 34%. Efforts to control the disease are hampered by a lack of information and costs associated with the identification of infested areas. To aid control efforts we have constructed the Tsetse Ecological Distribution Model (TED Model). The TED Model is a raster based dynamic species distribution model that predicts tsetse distributions at 250 m spatial resolution, based on habitat suitability and fly movement rates, at 16‐day intervals. Although the TED Model can be parameterized to any tsetse subgenus/species requirements, for the purpose of this study the TED Model was parameterized to identify suitable habitat for Glossina subgenus Morsitans. Using the TED Model we have identified where and when Glossina subgenus Morsitans populations should be constrained by unfavorable ecological conditions to particular parcels of suitable habitat. It is our hope that by utilizing the predicted locations of tsetse reservoirs and refugia, control efforts will be better able to target tsetse populations when they are spatially constrained, thus maximizing limited available resources.
Physiological Adjustment of Arterial Blood Gases and Bicarbonate ION During Pregnancy in Human
Authors: Sunyal Dipok Kumar , Amin Md Ruhul , Ahmed Abida , Akhter Mir Rabaya , Molla Golam Morshed , Faruque ABM Omar
Published: August 2010

In the present study the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) in arterial blood were estimated in 32 women in Dhaka city. For this purpose a total of 32 women subjects with age ranged from 25 years to 35 years without any recent history of respiratory diseases were selected. Of those, 8 healthy non-pregnant women were included as control and 24 normal pregnant women as experimental group. The PaO2, PaCO2 and HCO3- were estimated during the first, second and third trimester by using 'easy blood gas auto analyzer'. The PaO2 was significantly higher during entire pregnancy period. However, the PaCO2 and HCO3- were significantly lower in first, second and third trimester of pregnant women than that of non-pregnant women. There were no statistically significant difference of PaO2, PaCO2 and HCO3- ion among first trimester, second trimester and third trimester. The progressively increased PaO2, decreased PaCO2 and HCO3- ion throughout the pregnancy is possibly due to the effect of progesterone causing hyperventilation. DOI: 10.3329/bjpp.v23i1.5724Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 23(1&2) : 10-12
Effects of Cimetidine and Phenobarbitone on Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxic Rats
Authors: Banu Layla Afroza , Begum Hosne Ara , Choudhury SAR
Published: August 2010

The effects of cimetidine and phenobarbitone on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity were studied in Long Evans Norwegian strain rats of either sexes. Orally administration of paracetamol 150 mg/ kg body weight for 21 days. On 22nd days after treatment there was significant increase of serum Alanine transaminase (AST), Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (Alk. phos) level. Orally administration of phenobarbitone 20 mg/kg b.w. along with paracetamol produced highly significant rise of serum ALT, AST and Alk. phos, levels as compared to the paracetamol treated group. But simultaneous administration of paracetamol and cimetidine produced significant decrease of serum ALT, AST and Alk. phos.level. When phenobarbitone is used concurrently with paracetamol, induced hepatic microsomal enzyme system which in turn aggravates the paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity but when cimetidine was administered simultaneously with paracetamol inhibited hepatic microsomal enzyme system and exhibits a protective role on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity.The experiment was designed to demonstrate the effect of paracetamol on hepatotoxicity and its prevention by simultaneous administration of cimetidine. Further experiment was also designed to demonstrate the induction of hepatic microsomal enzyme system (HMES) by phenobarbitone on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity. DOI: 10.3329/bjpp.v23i1.5725Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 23(1&2) : 13-15
Serum Copper with Coronary Artery Disease in Male and its Relation with Lipid Profile
Authors: Jubaira Sifat , Mollah Forhadul Haque , Mehdi Tahrim , Arslan M Iqbal
Published: August 2010

The study was designed to explore serum copper as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). In this case-control study 30 healthy controls and 60 diagnosed cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were enrolled. Serum copper concentration and serum lipid profile were measured in all study subjects. Serum copper level was significantly higher in AMI as compared to controls. The concentrations of serum TC, TG, LDL-C level were found to be significantly higher in cases as compared to controls. The concentration serum HDL-C was found to be significantly lower in cases as compared to controls. CAD leads to raised serum copper level and it has positive correlation with TC, TG and LDL-C but negative correlation with HDL-C in males.Keywords: Coronary artery disease; serum copper; acute myocardial infarction; total cholesterol; triglyceride; low density lipoprotein cholesterol. DOI: 10.3329/bjpp.v24i1.5730Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 24(1&2) : 7-9
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Misoprostol and Oxytocin in the Management of Third Stage of Labor
Authors: Ivy Rokshana , Ara Hasmot , Haq Kulsum , Ahmed Farid Uddin
Published: August 2010

The study was conducted to compare the effectiveness and safety of oral misoprostol with intramuscular oxytocin in the management of third stage of labor. One hundred patients were selected randomly who are expected to have vaginal delivery. Fifty patients received oral misoprostol 600 microgram and other fifty patients received oxytocin 10 IU intramuscularly after the birth of the baby. There were no significant differences between the prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage, duration of third stage of labor, additional oxytocin requirement, manual removal of placenta and blood transfusion. About the side-effects, shivering and fever were significantly higher in misoprostol group (p<0.001) and (p<0.003) respectively. But there were no significant differences in other sideeffects. Oral misoprostol can be used instead of intramuscular oxytocin in the management of third stage of labor, to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, in developing countries, especially as it is administered orally and thermo stable in tropical climate. Key words: Misoprostol; Oxytocin; Postpartum haemorrhage DOI: 10.3329/bjpp.v24i1.5732Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 24(1&2) : 14-16
Antinociceptive Activity of Methanol Extract of Tamarix indica
Authors: Sarker MAM , Sarker Md Abdul Matin
Published: August 2010

The antinociceptive activity of the methanolic extract of the barks of Tamarix indica Roxb. was investigated using acetic acid-induced writhing model in swiss albino mice. The extract produced about 26.89%( P< 0.01) and 43.55% (P< 0.001) writhing inhibition at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/ kg of body weight respectively, which was comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium where the inhibition was about 63.64% (P< 0.001) at the dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight. At the above doses, the extract exhibited significant and dose dependent antinociceptive activity in acetic acid-induced writhing model in swiss albino mice. Phytochemical investigation of the extract indicate the presence of reducing sugars, tannins, gums, flavonoids and saponin. Key words: Tamarix indica; antinociceptive activity; acetic acid-induced writhing; phytochemical test. DOI: 10.3329/bjpp.v25i1.5736Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 25(1&2) : 1-3
Feedback on Formative Assessments in Undergraduate Medical Education of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Kazi Khairul , Begum Shamsun Nahar , Nargis Tahmina , Faruque Md
Published: August 2010

The study was conducted to examine the extent and methods of giving feedback by teachers after the formative assessments to the undergraduate medical students of Bangladesh.This descriptive study was conducted in four purposively selected medical colleges of Dhaka. Views of 174 teachers and 332 students were collected through self-administered semi-structured questionnaires for this purpose.It was found that majority of the teachers perceived that through feedback students find out their weaknesses and thereby can perform better in future. It was also found that feedback was not given in most of the cases by the teachers to their students. The methods of giving feedback were not perfect all together.To ensure feedback after the formative assessments teachers should be motivated and trained up and it should be mentioned in the curriculum that feedback is mandatory. Key words: Formative assessment; Feedback; Medical education of Bangladesh; Assessments in medical education; Undergraduate curriculum Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/bjpp.v25i1.5741Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 25(1&2) : 18-22
Prescribing Trends of Analgesics Used in Postoperative Patients in a Surgical Unit of Enam Medical College Hospital
Authors: Masud Mohammad Abdullah , Rahman Zaida , Begum Mahmuda , Ashrafuzzaman Syed
Published: August 2010

The present study was conducted to evaluate the prescribing trends of analgesics used in the postoperative patients in a surgical unit of Enam Medical College Hospital. Treatment records of 180 patients, who underwent surgery in Enam Medical College Hospital, were randomly selected. Data pertaining to pain medications prescribed from the day of operation to sixth postoperative day were recorded. 180 prescriptions containing analgesics were collected randomly from the period of July 2007 to June 2008. In the operation day 65.6% patients received Nalbuphine and 33.3% patients received Pethidine. Along with Nalbuphine and Pethidine 86.7% patients received Tramadol and 13.3% patients received Ketorolac. 0.6% patients did not receive any analgesic in the day of operation. In 1st postoperative day, 84.4% patients received Ketorolac and 15.6% patients received Tramadol. In 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th postoperative day patients received Ketorolac 86.1%, 85.6%, 83.9% and 62.2% respectively. In 6th postoperative day, 92.8% patients did not receive any analgesics.DOI: 10.3329/bjpp.v25i1.5742Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 25(1&2) : 23-25
Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth - A Review
Authors: Akhter Mst Fatema , Quayum Shaheen Lipika , Ali Afrin Bintal , Mamoon Zia
Published: August 2010

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is a side effect associated with 3 types of drugs: anticonvulsants (phenytoin), immunosuppressive agents (cyclosporine A), and various calcium channel blockers for cardiovascular diseases. Gingival overgrowth is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix in gingival connective tissues, particularly collagenous components with various degrees of inflammation. Although the mechanisms of these disorders have not been elucidated, recent studies suggest that these disorders seem to be induced by the disruption of homeostasis of collagen synthesis and degradation in gingival connective tissue, predominantly through the inhibition of collagen phagocytosis of gingival fibroblasts. In this review, we focus on collagen metabolism in drug-induced gingival overgrowth, focusing on the regulation of collagen phagocytosis in fibroblasts. DOI: 10.3329/bjpp.v25i1.5743Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 25(1&2) : 26-29
Performance of Different Catalysts on Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas Oil through Transesterification
Authors: Sujan SM Asaduzzaman , Jamal MS , Haque M Naimul , Miah M Yunus
Published: August 2010

The purposes of the work to study the fatty acid methyl ester production by transesterification of Jatropha curcus oil with different catalysts where methanol was used as solvent. Jatropha oil having high free fatty acids FFA (14.02%) was processed in two steps. First step is acidcatalyzed esterification by using 1% H2SO4, 40% methanol-to-oil to produce methyl esters by lowering the acid value, and next step is different base-catalyzed transesterification. As part of ongoing efforts to investigate different homogeneous, heterogeneous and solid acid catalysts for biodiesel synthesis, the catalytic activity of KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, activated Ca(OH)2, Hß zeolite and montmorillonite were studied for the transesterification of Jatropha oil. Among these catalysts, performance of catalysts order are KOH > NaOH > activated Ca(OH)2 >Ca(OH)2> montmorillonite> Hß zeolite.Key words: Jatropha oil; Transesterification; Biodiesel; FFA; CatalystsDOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i2.5702Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(2), 85-90, 2010
Production of Bio-Oil from Municipal Solid Waste by Pyrolysis
Authors: Islam Muhammad Saiful , Miah M Yunus , Ismail Mohammad , Jamal Mohammad Shah , Banik Sujit Kumar , Saha Manoranjan
Published: August 2010

Municipal solid waste was pyrolyzed in a tubular reactor under vacuum. The effect of pyrolysis temperature and holding time on the product yields were investigated and the optimum conditions for pyrolysis were settled. The products of the pyrolysis were liquid pyrolytic oil, solid char and gaseous mixture. The pyro-oil was collected in a series of ice-cooled collectors. The uncondensed gas was blown off and the solid char was collected from the pyrolyser as a residue. The pyro-oil was then analyzed for fuel properties and chemical composition. The experimental result of gas chromatography & mass spectroscopy showed that the pyro-oil derived from the pyrolysis of municipal solid waste contained considerable amounts of carbonyl groups and/or oxygen content, resulting in low pH and low heating value. Key words: Municipal solid waste; Pyrolysis; Yield; Pyrolytic oil; Fuel properties; Chemical composition DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i2.5703Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(2), 91-94, 2010
Force Feed Effects on Process Stability in Turning
Authors: Kotaiah K Rama , Srinivas J , Sekar M
Published: August 2010

This paper presents analytical stabiltity analysis of turning using non-linear force-feed model in two dimensions. Most of the existing analytical models ignored the effect of static feed term on the regeneration phenomenon. In practice there is a marked effect of feed on stability due to force variation. The modified analytical equations for cutting insert using three dimensional too geometry are obtained by considering relative motion of tool with respect to a two dimensional elastic model of work-piece. The critical stability limits obtained as a function of feed are confirmed with time domain analysis. Experiments are conducted on a flexible work-piece at varying feed conditions. The measured cutting forces show a marked effect of feed on stability. A neural network models developed to obtain the critical depth of cut at various values of operating speeds and feeds. Key words: Dynamics modeling; Tool geometry; Force-feed; Stab. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i2.5710Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(2), 129-132, 2010
In Vitro Dissolution of Aceclofenac Loaded Hydrophilic Polymer Based Matrix Tablets and its Release Mechanism
Authors: Talukder M Mesbah Uddin , Ahmed Nadia , Haque Tasnuva , Chowdhury Sadia Afreen
Published: August 2010

Hydrophilic polymers are widely used to prepare sustained release matrix tablets. These polymers showed their sustained action by forming a barrier of thick gel layer around the matrix. Here swelling of the polymer and erosion of matrix plays a major role to control the release of the drug. In this present study the swelling and erosion properties of some hydrophilic polymers were correlated to their sustaining and rate controlling behavior. Matrix tablets containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K100cps), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC 50,000 cps) and methocel K15M CR polymers were prepared. The powder mixture was evaluated for their flow properties and the prepared tablets for their physical parameters. Swelling and erosion index of the tablets were carried out in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer and dissolution in 0.1N HCl (2 hours) followed by pH 6.8 phosphate buffer (8 hours) using USP apparatus II (paddle method) at 50 r.p.m. HPMC K100 cps was found to be not as rate retarding as the other two. From the all results it was observed that F-6 (containing 43.243% methocel K15M CR) showed highest swelling and erosion index (740.589% and 12.017% respectively), slowest release rate (24.491% at 8 hours) and highest MDT value (55.401 hours). Finally it can be concluded that increasing the polymer concentration or polymer's viscosity grade, swelling and erosion index increases, release rate decreases and MDT value increases. Key words: Aceclofenac; Matrix tablets; HPMC; CMC; Physical parameters; Release kinetics. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i2.5712Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(2), 141-150, 2010
Power Crisis and Solution in Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Mohammad Asadul , Rahman Jalalur
Published: August 2010

Crisis of power is one of the major problems in Bangladesh. Day by day the gap between demand and production is increasing. Moreover, most of the power plants are gas based which will be phased out in future. Misuse, system loss and corruption in power sector are the main issue regarding this crisis. It is possible to control load demand by using compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), transformation of holiday, proper load management, encouraging Independent Power Producers (IPP) and reducing transmission loss. Priority should be given to control misuse and corruption in power sector than generation of power. Proper utilization of renewable energy is the up most choice for solving the power crisis in Bangladesh because it requires low cost and less risk. Initiative should be taken to develop skilled manpower required for the power sector considering renewable energy sources. By incorporating IPP and local Government (GOV), central GOV may take the responsibility to increase the power generation and ensure its proper use in Bangladesh. Key words: Power crisis; Compact fluorescent lamp; Load management; Renewable energy. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i2.5714Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(2), 155-162, 2010
Response of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on the Growth and Yield of French Bean
Authors: Sen R , Rahman MA , Hoque AKMS , Zaman S , Noor S
Published: August 2010

Afield experiment on French bean was conducted in Old Brahmaputra Floodplain Soil of Jamalpur and Grey Terrace Soil of Joydebpur during 2005-2006 to find out the optimum rates of N and P for yield maximization. Four levels of nitrogen (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and 3 levels of phosphorus (0, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) were used in the experiment. Potassium (K) 80 kg, sulphur (S) 10 kg and 5 t cowdung ha-1 were applied as a basal dose. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments replicated 4 times. Nitrogen and phosphorus alone significantly influenced the pod yield of French bean. Among the N levels, the highest pod yield (13.33 t ha-1 at Jamalpur and 14.68 t ha-1 at Joydebpur) were obtained with 150 kg N ha-1. Among the P levels, the highest pod yield (12.35 t ha-1 at Jamalpur and 13.69 t ha-1 at Joydebpur) were obtained with 60 kg P ha-1. Interaction effect was not significant. However, highest pod yield (13.60 t ha-1 at Jamalpur and 15.05 t h-1 at Joydebpur) was obtained from 150 kg N plus 60 kg P ha-1. Economic analysis showed that 150 kg N plus 40 kg P ha-1 gave the highest gross margin of Tk. 1,66,684/ha. Key words: French bean; Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization; Pod yield DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i2.5716Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(2), 169-172, 2010
Water Quality Parameters: A Case Study of Karnafully River Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Sarwar M Iqbal , Majumder Ahmad Kamruzzaman , Islam M Nurul
Published: August 2010

The river Karnafully is one of the Himalayan River originating from the Lushai Hills in India. The catchments of the Karnafully and its allied streams cover 5,500 (14,000 sq km) square miles. Water samples were collected from Karnafully River along different points and analyzed for various physiochemical parameters during winter. Effects of industrial wastes, municipality sewage and agricultural runoff on the river water were investigated. The study was conducted between the Kaloorghat Bridge and Patenga estuary including Chittagong port. This is the most polluted area due to the presence of many chemical fertilizers, iron, leather and pharmaceutical industries. All these industries discharge their untreated toxic waste water directly into the river Karnafully. The study involved determination of physical and chemical parameters of surface water at different points. The mean values of water temperature, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, electric conductivity and total alkalinity were 23°C, 365.87 mg/L, 8018.8, 8518.33 mg/L, 31.54 FTU, 1.55 mg/L, 6.65 mg/L, 13961 μs/cm, 247.47 mg/L, 560.27 mg/L and 4.8 mg/L respectively. Key words: Physiochemical parameters; Winter season; Monsoon season; Dissolved oxygen; Biological oxygen demand. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i2.5722Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(2), 177-181, 2010
Reflections on Friction in Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Rezek Yair
Published: August 2010

Distinctly quantum friction effects of three types are surveyed: internalfriction, measurement-induced friction, and quantum-fluctuation-induced friction. We demonstrate that external driving will lead to quantum internal friction, and critique the measurement-based interpretation of friction. We conclude that in general systems will experience internal and external quantum friction over and beyond the classical frictional contributions.
The Application of Ribozymes and DNAzymes in Muscle and Brain
Authors: Mastroyiannopoulos Nikolaos P. , Uney James B. , Phylactou Leonidas A.
Published: August 2010

The discovery of catalytic nucleic acids (CNAs) has provided scientists with valuable tools for the identification of new therapies for several untreated diseases through down regulation or modulation of endogenous gene expression involved in these ailments. These CNAs aim either towards the elimination or repair of pathological gene expression. Ribozymes, a class of CNAs, can be mostly used to down-regulate (by RNA cleavage) or repair (by RNA trans-splicing) unwanted gene expression involved in disease. DNAzymes, derived by in vitro selection processes are also able to bind and cleave RNA targets and therefore down-regulate gene expression. The purpose of this review is to present and discuss several applications of ribozymes and DNAzymes in muscle and brain. There are several diseases which affect muscle and brain and catalytic nucleic acids have been used as tools to target specific cellular transcripts involved in these groups of diseases.
Analysis of Properties of Reflectance Reference Targets for Permanent Radiometric Test Sites of High Resolution Airborne Imaging Systems
Authors: Honkavaara Eija , Hakala Teemu , Peltoniemi Jouni , Suomalainen Juha , Ahokas Eero , Markelin Lauri
Published: August 2010

Reliable and optimal exploitation of rapidly developing airborne imaging methods requires geometric and radiometric quality assurance of production systems in operational conditions. Permanent test sites are the most promising approach for cost-efficient performance assessment. Optimal construction of permanent radiometric test sites for high resolution airborne imaging systems is an unresolved issue. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of commercially available gravels and painted and unpainted concrete targets for permanent, open-air radiometric test sites under sub-optimal climate conditions in Southern Finland. The reflectance spectrum and reflectance anisotropy and their stability were characterized during the summer of 2009. The management of reflectance anisotropy and stability were shown to be the key issues for better than 5% reflectance accuracy.
Chamilo 2.0: A Second Generation Open Source E-learning and Collaboration Platform
Authors: Maes Jean-Marie
Published: August 2010

Dokeos used to be one of the leading open source learning platforms. It is well known for the wide range of functions it offers and especially for its ease of use. In many ways it is however a typical first generation learning management system (LMS) consisting of a set of loosely integrated tools. The original design of this LMS has a number of serious drawbacks and limitations. Because of this it was decided to opt for a completely new system that would use state of the art development techniques. The new version is built on a repository of reusable simple and complex content objects, not only documents. The web LCMS is only one of the possible applications that run on that repository. One of the other applications that can make use of the same set of objects is the portfolio. Functions that used to be modules within a course can also simply be used as applications, e.g. forum, assessment, wiki.

All functions such as creating, changing, editing and deleting an object are basically the same platform wide. As a result all modules and applications interact in a far more consistent and less bug prone way. This also greatly simplifies the user interface. This interface that is common to all objects in all tools and modules, makes a number of publication features available that were not available in all tools before, such as categorization, selection of target groups or users, visibility and period of publication. This is certainly adding to Chamiloâ??s ambition to be a user friendly, flexible, fast and consistent platform.

The adaptability of the new system with integrated portal functions and a framework for web services makes it a suitable instrument not only for universities and schools, but also for the business world. In this way Chamilo offers a platform that is ready for future developments in a globalized world where life long learning and collaboration will be central.
Using Second Life for Just-in-Time Training: Building Teaching Frameworks in Virtual Worlds
Authors: Kopp Gail , Burkle Martha
Published: August 2010

This paper presents a framework for using virtual worlds in the construction of teaching platforms for just-in-time training. In the critical economic situation that many companies are currently living, the need to update skills without leaving the workplace has become urgent. Employees are demanding training for higher performances, knowledge and skills, without requesting time to attend university, or leaving their work behind. In this context, the use of virtual worlds has become the way knowledge is shared and accessed, as virtual groups become learning communities. The potential of Second Life as a space to learn and be trained are explored. The characteristics and capabilities of virtual worlds for teaching and learning are examined, the role of the virtual tutor is analyzed, and further areas of research and development are presented.
Intracellular DNA Damage by Lysine‐Acetylene Conjugates
Authors: Yang Wang-Yong , Cao Qiang , Callahan Catherine , Galvis Catalina , Sang Qing-Xiang , Alabugin Igor V.
Published: August 2010

Previously, we reported the design and properties of alkyne C‐lysine conjugates, a powerful and tunable family of DNA cleaving reagents. We also reported that, upon photoactivation, these molecules are capable of inducing cancer cells death. To prove that the cell death stems from DNA cleavage by the conjugates, we investigated intracellular DNA damage induced by these molecules in LNCap cancer cells using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assays. The observation of highly efficient DNA damage confirmed that lysine acetylene conjugate is capable of cleaving the densely compacted intracellular DNA. This result provides a key mechanistic link between efficient DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity towards cancer cells for this family of light‐activated anticancer agents.
Quantifying Tectonic and Geomorphic Interpretations of Thermochronometer Data with Inverse Problem Theory
Authors: Bao G. , Dou Y. , Ehlers T. A. , Li P. , Wang Y. , Xu Z.
Published: August 2010

Thermochronometer data offer a powerful tool for quantifying a wide range of geologic processes, such as the deformation and erosion of mountain ranges, topographic evolution, and hydrocarbon maturation. With increasing interest to quantify a wider range of complicated geologic processes, more sophisticated techniques are needed. This paper is concerned with an inverse problem method for interpreting the thermochronometer data quantitatively. Two novel models are proposed to simulate the crustal thermal fields and paleo mountain topography as a function of tectonic and surface processes. One is a heat transport model that describes the change of temperature of rocks; while the other is surface process model which explains the change of mountain topography. New computational algorithms are presented for solving the inverse problem of the coupled system of these two models. The model successfully provides a new tool for reconstructing the kinematic and the topographic history of mountains.
Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of Metallic Nanoislands Grown by Physical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Bhuiyan Abuhanif K. , Dew S. K. , Stepanova M.
Published: August 2010

We report kinetic Monte-Karlo (KMC) simulation of self-assembled synthesis of nanocrystals by physical vapor deposition (PVD), which is one of most flexible, efficient, and clean techniques to fabricate nanopatterns. In particular, self-assembled arrays of nanocrystals can be synthesized by PVD. However size, shape and density of self-assembled nanocrystals are highly sensitive to the process conditions such as duration of deposition, temperature, substrate material, etc. To efficiently synthesize nanocrystalline arrays by PVD, the process control factors should be understood in detail. KMC simulations of film deposition are an important tool for understanding the mechanisms of film deposition. In this paper, we report a KMC modeling that explicitly represents PVD synthesis of self-assembled nanocrystals. We study how varying critical process parameters such as deposition rate, duration, temperature, and substrate type affect the lateral 2D morphologies of self-assembled metallic islands on substrates, and compare our results with experimentally observed surface morphologies generated by PVD. Our simulations align well with experimental results reported in the literature.
Technical Note: Evaluation of the WRF-Chem "Aerosol Chemical to Aerosol Optical Properties" Module using data from the MILAGRO campaign
Authors: Barnard J. C. , Fast J. D. , Paredes-Miranda G. , Arnott W. P. , Laskin A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A comparison between observed aerosol optical properties from the MILAGRO field campaign, which took place in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during March 2006, and values simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) model, reveals large differences. To help identify the source of the discrepancies, data from the MILAGRO campaign are used to evaluate the "aerosol chemical to aerosol optical properties" module implemented in the full chemistry version of the WRF-Chem model. The evaluation uses measurements of aerosol size distributions and chemical properties obtained at the MILAGRO T1 site. These observations are fed to the module, which makes predictions of various aerosol optical properties, including the scattering coefficient, Bscat; the absorption coefficient, Babs; and the single-scattering albedo, ϖ0; all as a function of time. Values simulated by the module are compared with independent measurements obtained from a photoacoustic spectrometer (PAS) at a wavelength of 870 nm. Because of line losses and other factors, only "fine mode" aerosols with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm are considered here. Over a 10-day period, the simulations of hour-by-hour variations of Bscat are not satisfactory, but simulations of Babs and ϖ0 are considerably better. When averaged over the 10-day period, the computed and observed optical properties agree within the uncertainty limits of the measurements and simulations. Specifically, the observed and calculated values are, respectively: (1) Bscat, 34.1±5.1 Mm−1 versus 30.4±3.4 Mm−1; (2) Babs, 9.7±1.0 Mm−1 versus 11.7±1.2 Mm−1; and (3) ϖ0, 0.78±0.05 and 0.74±0.03. The discrepancies in values of ϖ0 simulated by the full WRF-Chem model thus cannot be attributed to the "aerosol chemistry to optics" module. The discrepancy is more likely due, in part, to poor characterization of emissions near the T1 site, particularly black carbon emissions.