bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An overview of sustainable greywater treatment processes
Authors: Ikumapayi O. M. , Laseinde O. T. , Akinlabi E. T.
Published: July 2024

Greywater refers to all domestic wastewater generated, with the exception of sewage. Greywater exhibits a varied composition that mirrors the lifestyle of the residents and the chemicals they utilize within their households. The environment is favourable for the proliferation of bacteria, indicating that it has to be treated before being reused. The treatment objectives also include the removal of organic pollutants, heavy metals, diseases, and other microorganisms. The predominant approach for treating greywater is to pass it via biofilm systems. Using mulch beds in close proximity to crops or trees is a viable alternative to irrigating the entire region. The basic methods of grey water treatment are filtration, coagulation, reverse osmosis, and adsorption, and the energy and resource requirements of the treatment systems differ. They often rise as the level of treatment rises, leading to a bias for natural systems such as sand or fiber filters and built wetlands. These natural systems are more suitable for small-scale greywater treatment since they are more sustainable, eco-friendly, and low-cost.This review finds different approaches to redefine the perception of sustainable greywater management in order to provide assistance to both humans and agriculture.
Synthesis, Characterization and Sustainability by Utilisation of Psidium Guajava-Iron Nano particles (PG-FeNPs) for the removal of Methylene blue Dye
Authors: Kusuma Jayasree Komali Kaza , Anjali Lingam , Krishna Sri Pragnya Balam , Amrutha Satti , V Meena
Published: July 2024

Water is the only liquid that sustains all life and acts as catalyst to initiate their metabolisms. It is more essential to life than all other nutrients put together. Life becomes impossible without water. In the past few years, one of the most important environmental crisis has been the contamination of water resources. Using Psidium guajava leaves ass adsorbents, the current work aims to extract methylene blue from an aqueous solution. The variables that were examined includes temperature, average particle size of adsorbents, initial dye concentration, contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dosage. The adsorption of methylene blue onto Psidium guajava leaves adsorbentswas studied using a variety of isotherm models, inclusing Langmuir, Freundlich, tempkin, and Redlich-Peterson (R-P) as well as kinetic studies of Pseudo(first & second) order[23]. Thermodynamic parameters were also estimated for the extraction of Methylene blue onto both the adsorbents. The analysis of adsorbents was depicted by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for their surface morphology and surface functional groups, respectively[20].
Experimental Study and Neural Network Model to Predict Formability of Magnesium Alloy AZ31B
Authors: Balaji Viswanadhapalli , Naga Sai Reddy Elavala , Adithya Makam , Venkata Ganga Prasanna Kumar Reddy Mallu , Krishna Chythanya Nagaraju
Published: July 2024

Magnesium alloy is an emerging smart metal used in various industries like automotive and aerospace industry, due to their lightweight and excellent strength-to-weight ratio. Formability, a critical factor in manufacturing processes, determines the alloy’s ability to undergo deformation without fracture or defects. Fuel economy and environmental conservatives are the key desirable factors in selection of magnesium alloy sheets. Magnesium alloy sheets have low formability at room temperature due to their hexagonal closed-packed microstructures. As the magnesium’s formability at room temperature is considerably low, stretch forming tests are conducted at moderate temperatures. For this purpose, commercially available AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet of 1.1mm thickness has been used and tested at room temperature, 25 degree to within medium temperatures range and at a higher strain rate of 0.01/s. The main objective of an experimental study to predict the formability of magnesium alloy sheets is to gather data through controlled tests and measurements. This data and Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) can be used to analyse the formability of material, it defines failure criteria. On the other hand, using a neural network to predict formability involves training the network on the collected experimental data. Once trained, the neural network can predict the formability of new magnesium alloy sheets based on their characteristics, offering a faster and potentially more accurate prediction method compared to traditional models. This work explores into the realm of regression modelling utilizing neural networks, a powerful subset of machine learning techniques. It begins with a discussion on the setup of machine learning models, emphasizing the crucial steps involved in data preprocessing, model selection, and evaluation.
Review On Development, Nanoparticle Reinforcement and Sustainable Materials For Enhancement Of Mechanical Properties In Aluminium Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Ashwin Kumar Sarvadey , Chaganty Sricharan , Rajesh Varunn , Sunil Kumar Reddy K. , Babu Nimmagadda , Shnain A.H.
Published: July 2024

Aluminium alloys are popular in many advanced applications and are considered to be an essential class of engineering materials mainly due to their desirable combination of low density, high strength, and cost-effectiveness compared to competing materials. Aluminium metal matrix composites and hybrid metal matrix composites will further enhance these properties by incorporating hardened particles as reinforcements. Hybrid metal matrix composites are second-generation composites that exhibit superior mechanical properties due to the synergistic combination of different reinforcement combinations. Various combinations of reinforcing particulates are being explored. The fabrication of the hybrid composites is done using a stir casting route, which will significantly influence the mechanical properties, microstructure and reinforcement distribution. Aluminium HMMCs offer lightweight, high strength, good wear resistance, and other properties that allow them to be extensively used in the structural, aerospace, marine, and automotive industries. Hybridization of metal alloys provides flexibility in designing components and quality control during manufacturing. Thus, this review paper is focused on the fabrication and characterization of hybrid Aluminium metal matrix composites, advancements in their mechanical properties, recent developments and applications.
Sustainable deployment of host defense peptides for targeted quorum sensing inhibition
Authors: Diksha  , Kaur G
Published: July 2024

The intriguing fact is that exploration of Host Defense Peptides (HDPs), usually known as antimicrobial peptides, has become increasing because of their multifaceted nature, which makes them extremely important for immunity and possible medication. HDPs are short peptides which are produced by the human body as well as other organisms and part of the immune system of the organism that is where they play an essential role. The peptides flexibly promote the antimicrobial resistance to different bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. The main mechanisms work via microorganism cell membrane disruption, perturbation of nucleic acid synthesis, and modulation of the immune response. It is important to mention that the application of HDPs is a fleeting remedy to antibiotics counteracting the development of antibiotics resistance. The fact that they can attack the pathogenic biofilms which are particularly difficult target of conventional therapeutics is undoubtedly additional benefit of using biophotons for clinical purposes – they would be highly helpful in the therapy of chronic diseases and wound healing. HDPs’ sustainability is reinforced by its biodegradability and practically no environmental impacts compared to pharmaceuticals based on the chemical elements that is the major concern in the medical sphere nowadays. Their diverse functions and the respective efficacy against resistant strains are very much active research activities right now, thereby making clear the role of these probiotics in addressing the present and future health hurdles.
Influence of Mango Seed Oil on Surface Roughness and Cutting Temperature During Sustainable Turning of AISI 1525 Steel Under Minimum Quantity Lubrication Environment
Authors: Rasaq Adebayo Kazeem , Tien-Chien Jen , Esther Titilayo Akinlabi , Esther Titilayo Akinlabi
Published: July 2024

Mineral oil-based cutting fluids have several mechanical advantages. The use of mineral oil has been questioned due to its adverse effect on machinists and the environment. There is need for a sustainable and biodegradable cutting fluid that can perform the task of problematic mineral oil. This study considered a non-edible vegetable oil, mango oil, as a lubricant in the turning operation of AISI 1525 steel using an MQL mode of fluid application. The performance of mango oil was compared with commercial mineral oil using SR and CT as performance metrics. Experiments were conducted under three levels of SS (355, 500, and 710 rev/min), FR (0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 mm/rev), and DOC (0.75, 1.00, and 1.25 mm). Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was adopted for the experimental settings. Afterward, TOPSIS, a multi-optimization tool was employed to determine the best cutting parameters for machining the workpiece with the tungsten carbide tool. The finding showed that mineral oil outperformed mango oil lubricant in terms of both SR and CT. The optimum CT and SR can be achieved using an SS of 355 rev/min, FR of 0.15 mm/rev, and DOC of 1.00 mm for both mango and mineral oil lubricants.
Smart Sensors for Real-time Monitoring in a Sustainable Logistics
Authors: Michael Ikumapayi Omolayo , Timothy Laseinde Opeyeolu , Elewa Remilekun R. , Samson Ogedengbe Temitayo , Titilayo Akinlabi Esther
Published: July 2024

The new logistics landscape needs openness, efficiency, and agility. Conventional tracking techniques are unable to keep up with the complex dance of items traveling across countries. Intelligent and communicative smart sensors have changed the game by allowing for real-time process monitoring and revolutionizing the logistics process from start to finish. This study explores how smart sensors can revolutionize the logistics industry. First, smart devices were study in-depth and their various features were equally examined, such as GPS tracking, RFID scanning, temperature and humidity sensors, package integrity assessment, vibration and acoustic sensors, and environmental monitoring. By conducting a comprehensive investigation, this research paper aims to scrutinize the data collecting ability of these sensors. The study will focus on their potential for gathering an abundance of information regarding cargo whereabouts, surrounding environment conditions, physical soundness, and equipment efficiency. This stream of real-time current data helps in active problem-solving, and imparts all the relevant insights one needs to know about the complete sustainable logistics operation. Their critical role toward improving productivity, transparency, and environmental sustainability in the dynamic logistics environment. For this reason, they can offer all perspectives needed (which are the most complete) to foster a proactive analysis and enhance any aspect over time.
CFD Modelling and Experimental Validation of a Single-Slope Passive Solar Still for Efficient Water Desalination
Authors: Saraswathi Hallika Pindiprolu Mani , Kumar Panangipalli Vishwanath , Kartheek Chivukula V S D
Published: July 2024

Water, vital for life, is largely unusable despite being renewable. Growing populations, urbanization, and pollution continually deplete the world’s drinking water supply. A third of the global population faces freshwater scarcity. Natural sources can’t fully meet demand, necessitating efficient water desalination. Solar stills, utilizing solar desalination, offer a low-energy solution, particularly beneficial in electricity-deprived rural areas. However, their potable water output remains a challenge. Hence, research on modelling and transport factors is essential for enhancing solar still design efficiency”. In this study, a multi-phase two-dimensional model of a single slope passive solar still was developed using Fluent, ANSYS 19.2. Using the simulated data, the solar still’s performance was evaluated against experimental data. The simulation model predicted a maximum distillate output of 0.0692 kg/m2.hr, which closely aligned with the experimental value of 0.58 kg/m2.hr, indicating strong agreement between the simulation and experimental results. The error percentage in terms of water temperature between the simulated and experimental results was found to be 1.55%.”
Wear parametric Optimization of FSW parameters on Al Alloy Using MLP technique
Authors: Cheepurupalli N. Rao , Selvaraj Sathish , Reddy Muthadi Srinivas , Subbu L.S.P. , Jayahari Lade , Fallah Mohammed H.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify the suitable Friction Stir Welding (FSW) parameters that would be used for welding scrapped Al alloy plates. On the experimental side, the study used four Factor Three-Level Full Factorial Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. Some of the input parameters incorporated in the analysis were the applied load, the sliding speed, displacement and weight percentage of Al2O3 reinforcement, and some of the output parameters were the specific wear rate and the coefficient of friction. The above said optimum parameters were established using the Minitab software while the above said experimental results was estimated using multilayer perceptron of the feed forward 4–10–1 network. For the actual test data set in the given experiment, the overall performance of the MLP predictions resulted to an R2. This results to a coefficient of determination (R R2 of 0.98474 and a mean squared error (MSE) of 0. 025075. Therefore the high R values, which are near to 1, show that the actual values mean and the predicted values mean are closely matched.
Characterization of Iron – Based Partial Pre - Alloyed Powders as Matrix Materials for Diamond Tools
Authors: Lakshmi A. Anitha , Devi P. Srividya , Rekha M. , Balasem Zayd A.
Published: July 2024

Fe-Cu-Co is a structural component used in applications requiring both high strength and high hardness. A diamond cutting tool with iron -based (Fe -53%, Cu – 28%, Co -17%, P– 1% & Ni -1%) pre-alloyed powders was prepared in the laboratory using powder metallurgy technique. Commercially available pure powders were combined to create the alloys, which were then roll compacted into bars and right away hot processed into fully dense alloy bars. Solid state sintering technique is used to manufacture composite material as it gives less defectives, more accurate than casting and excellent dimensional control. During sintering process metal powders are blended in ball milling and are compacted on hot press machine by applying heat and pressure simultaneously at different elevated temperatures. The sintered specimens are subjected to hardness, impact, density and porosity tests along with fractography study. From experimental observations it is found that material has high hardness than the steel, which can withstand mechanical vibrations, high impact strength and high toughness. According to experimental results it is most suitable for cutting applications, and there is a possibility to add diamond crystals in this tool, to strengthen hardness helping to cut the rocks.
Hysteresis Stress, Strain and Penetration Analysis of Spur Gear Assembly for Various Sustainable Design
Authors: Singh Bharat , Ahmed Shaymaa , Sridevi J. , Rajalakshmi B. , Thethi H. Pal , Kaushik Abhishek , Babu Vemuri Venkata Phani
Published: July 2024

This paper considers and compares the hysteresis stress and strain and the penetration property of spur gear assemblies based on three unique designs. Spur gear plays an important part in mechanical structures, and any mechanical setup should consider the execution of such a mechanical component under distinct designs to improve its mechanical productivity and sustainability. To explore the ways in which the mechanical behaviour of the designs varies with the design configurations, we integrate simulation analysis with an experimental study. The outcomes of this paper indicate considerable differences in both hysteresis stress, strain distribution, and penetration behavior measurements between three designs. The paper explains the stated disparities by the unique geometric layouts and material characteristics of each design. Furthermore, it emphasizes that some of the examined designs have lower hysteresis losses and favourable stress and strain distributions, which positively affects the long-term performance of gear systems. Other designs, however, exhibit severe penetration and stress concentrations leading to rapid gear wear and likely premature failure. In distinguishing these events, the present study offers a valuable approach to the parameters that influence the performance of gear systems and aids in the improvement of the design methodology.
An Analysis of the Structural Properties of 3D Printed Square Blocks Prepared using Sustainable Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Material
Authors: Singh Bharat , V Asha , Bindu Valiveti Hima , Ahmed Shaymaa , Thethi H. Pal , Chahuan Neeraj , Bhanuprakash Lokasani
Published: July 2024

For a wide range of utilization, 3D printing is a swiftly developing technology that demands meticulous evaluation of materials, production speed, and resolution. Significant outcomes have been obtained from the application of 3D technology in Cultural Heritage (CH) protection, the valorisation process, communication, and asset incorporation; this is especially true of interdisciplinary initiatives including manufacturing engineering, computer-generated records, and CH accessibility. The primary factors influencing the layout and choosing materials for additive manufacturing are applicability and fabrication technique. A wide range of materials, comprising ceramics and metals, hydro-gels, thermoplastic substances and combinations of these substances, can be used. This study investigates the design and fatigue analysis of a 3D-printed square block made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) under various test conditions, including static structural analysis for compression, fatigue analysis and total deformation within the block layer. The uniform stress distribution was also discussed in detail, as well as the design life and safety factors of the block under fatigue conditions, with its natural frequencies observed in experimental results adjusted the printing parameters for and maintained the process to ensure the best output quality. Post-publication steps included detailed analysis and mechanical testing to verify mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy.
Comparative Analysis for Titanium alloy and Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) of Thermal Analysis for Deep Groove Ball Bearing
Authors: V Revathi , Khalotia Dhanesh , Buddi Tanya , Alhussainy Ali K. , Gupta Manish , Rao A.L.N. , A Vivek Anand
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the analysis of the directional heat flux and total heat flux for the bearing balls of Titanium alloy and Silicon Nitride has been demonstrated across a temperature range between 150 to 250 degree celcius. The obtained data allowed comparing the values of total heat flux and various directional heat flux. By comparing directional and total flux of heat in materials it enables the choice of the best-suited material creating bearings with regard to the performance needed. The use of the findings of the current comparison is to ensure efficiency and durability in particular operations. The data presented in the paper helped to analyze the patterns of heat distribution and see the differences between the materials and results a better material for ball bearing. Titanium alloy has excellent mechanical properties like mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. Silicon Nitride is characterized by thermal stability and high thermal resistance and also has excellent wear properties. Thus, using the results of the analysis allows choosing the material for bearing production for high-velocity and high-load operation based on a profound comparison to select the right material. The choice of right material will allow for a more efficient and durable bearing in an industrial setting.
Incorporating Incremental Conductance MPPT Techniques into Solar Power Extraction
Authors: Sonia Pankaj , K Aravinda , Singla Atul , Jeevan Nagendra Kumar Y. , Kumar Vishkarma Manoj , Addai Ali Hanaa , Ramu T. Bhargava
Published: July 2024

Research into alternative, green energy sources such as solar power has been driven by concerns about environmental sustainability, escalating petroleum costs, and surging energy demand. Solar energy can power the entire world sustainably, since it is abundant and easy to access. Solar radiation, cell temperature, and load impedance all play a part in improving the efficiency of solar energy utilization. In order to maximize solar energy utilization, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques are used. In order to address factors such as solar effectiveness, dynamic response, convergence speed, complexity, cost, and sensor requirements, different MPPT techniques have been developed. Using Incremental Conductance (INC) as an example, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of MPPT techniques. P&O’s drawback of oscillations around the Maximum Power Point (MPP) is overcome by INC, which minimizes them. The MPP voltage is maintained until the incremental conductance equals zero by comparing the instantaneous conductance of the panel with the incremental conductance. In addition to being easy to implement, INC-based methods offer rapid tracking and efficiency gains. Results from simulations demonstrate INC MPPT’s effectiveness in maximizing power extraction from photovoltaic systems, especially when environmental conditions change rapidly.
Hybrid Solar-Hydropower Systems for Green Energy Production: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Anandhi R.J. , Singh Navdeep , Palakurthy Deepthi , Kumar Yadav Dinesh , Albawi Ali , Kumar Parashar Ashish , Jithendar P.
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a detailed analysis of hybrid energy systems combining solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and hydropower technologies. Focusing on the increasing popularity of Archimedes screw generators for low head sites, we examine the efficiency and environmental benefits of such systems, particularly in reducing greenhouse gas emissions as part of global efforts like the Paris Agreement. We explore the integration of solar and hydropower systems in the context of Brazil’s renewable energy hybridization and discuss the challenges of their stochastic nature on power grid integration. The paper delves into the theoretical foundation, mathematical simulations, and optimization models that enable these hybrid systems to maintain energy and irrigation balance. The paper also investigates the use of photovoltaic-battery energy storage systems in building power supply and the potential of micro-grids featuring an array of renewable energy technologies. Ultimately, we present a novel approach to off-grid hybrid system deployment contributing to sustainable development goals.
Perception of farmer towards climate change and associated proposed agriculture strategies
Authors: Shankar Raman Ravi , Jose A. Sujin , Gupta Manish , Karuna Gotlur , Rao A.L.N. , Falah Hasan Zainab , Rao M.V. Narasimha
Published: July 2024

Climate change is widely acknowledged as a prominent obstacle that significantly impacts agricultural productivity and the wellbeing of individuals. Farmers bear the brunt of the impact since they must consistently adapt to changes in climate. Questionnaire surveys were conducted in Bhopal, India to ascertain farmers' perspectives of climate change and its implications. The research was conducted out in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. M.P. possesses a range of meteorological conditions, soils, and a variable cropping pattern. This study utilises cross-sectional household survey data collected from farmers residing in Bhopal. The study employed a multi-stage sampling process to choose respondent houses for the sample. Ultimately, the study's sample size was established at 97 household heads. The study employed quantitative data. Data collection was conducted using household surveys. The researchers employed both structured and unstructured questionnaires to examine the farmers' impression of climate change. Given the nature of their work, researchers asked the farmers who took part in it what they thought about climate change. The findings imply that a variety of factors, including age, level of learning, and prior agrarian expertise, influence farmers’ perceptions of global warming.
Optimizing Grid Stability through the Integration of Wind Energy
Authors: Jayanthi Muthuswamy , Rajini Parimala Sikha , Gupta Manish , Shrivastava Anurag , Arora Deepika , Haider Jawad Ameer , Yadagiri A
Published: July 2024

It has become increasingly apparent that wind energy can contribute to reducing carbon emissions and reducing fossil fuel reliance. In spite of this, wind's intermittent nature makes it challenging for grids to maintain stability. The objective of this paper is to review the current state of wind energy integration, highlighting key research findings on the potential of wind power, turbine performance, and approaches to enhance grid stability. A particular part of the research focuses on the modelling of DFIG systems, which includes the rotor control mechanism as well as the grid control mechanism at the grid side of the generator. Voltage fluctuations, transients in the power system, and reactive power management are among the technical challenges associated with wind power integration. SFCLs (Superconducting Fault Current Limiters) are also explored in the paper as innovative solutions for improving grid stability. As a result of simulations, it is demonstrated that SFCLs can mitigate power deviations and improve overall system stability to an extremely high degree.
Central Tower Solar Receiver Structures: Construction and Performance Comparison
Authors: Aswini Devi Talupuri , Baswaraju Swathi , Sobti Rajeev , Shrivastava Anurag , Kumar Ashwani , Raed Rawya , Mrudula T.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the design and thermal performance of various configurations of central tower solar receivers, with an emphasis on spiral tube receivers. Specifically, it addresses the challenges of cost-effectiveness and efficiency within Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems. Multiple designs are assessed using a combination of analytical models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools to assess thermal efficiency, heat transfer, and convective losses. Spiral tube receivers demonstrate superior thermal characteristics across various metrics as a result of the grid independence tests. Additionally, we discuss the effects of various mass flow rates on the outlet temperatures of the heat transfer fluid (HTF), in order to improve solar energy capture and conversion by optimizing the receivers.
Construction and Seismic Performance Evaluation of Concrete Water Tanks
Authors: Dhamija Koushal , Hima Bindu O.S.D. , Uma Reddy N.V. , Sobti Rajeev , Mohammad Q. , Kalra Ravi , Goud B. Nagaraj
Published: July 2024

The construction of concrete water tanks is a crucial aspect of water distribution structures, ensuring dependable water supply at predetermined elevations for numerous purposes. Municipalities and corporations closely depend upon these tanks to store water, combustible fluids, and synthetic compounds. However, the safety of these tanks, especially during seismic events, is paramount. To address this, robust support structures inclusive of reinforced concrete (RC) propped outlines, metallic frameworks, RC shafts, and masonry platforms are employed. The RC casing approach could be the most common support system due to its effectiveness and durability. This paper gives a FEM based technique the use of Staad.pro employed inside the construction and evaluation of concrete water tanks.
Investigation of WBG based Power Converters used in E-Transportation
Authors: Prasad Bhupathi Hari , Bobba B.P. , Niharika Ummidisetty , Akshitha Sattur , Sardina K. , Lingam B. , Adnan M.M.
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, Uses for transportation are evolving in the direction of getting more electrified due to rising fuel costs and environmentally hazardous pollutants due to which The grid’s need for power is increasing dramatically. As the only solution for this is to diminish the power consumption of Electric Vehicles (EV). Enhanced component efficiency can lead to improved electric vehicle performance. Wide band gap (WBG) semiconductors, in particular silicon carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN), are ideal candidates of choice to address the recent growing demand in both high efficiency and great power density converters about electric vehicles. Due to their the capacity to switch at a high frequency, high temperature, high voltage, reduced size and reduced conduction losses makes them superior than Si semi-conductors. WBG devices have some properties which include rapid electron mobility, high breakdown field, and big band gap low on-state resistance and capacitance, lower co-efficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and high stability. This paper includes a study on WBG devices, their properties, and the increased efficiency of power converters i.e DC-DC boost converter and single-phase full bridge inverter using LTSpice simulation tool.
Hardware implementation of WPT Charging System for EV Vehicles
Authors: Devi P Srividya , Vemula Satya Narayana , Pohanekar Om , Mudundi Rekha , Obad S.
Published: July 2024

Transportation in urban areas is being transformed by various vehicles, with e-scooters being among the fastest growing. Despite their popularity, e-scooters face issues like incompatible chargers, especially problematic for rental services. Wireless charging emerges as a solution by enabling battery charging without user intervention. This paper focuses on the design and development of a magnetic-resonance charger for e-scooters. This research has detailed the coil topology, gap definition, and optimized control for a constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) charge. This present key contribution is the integrated consideration of these factors, alongside the vehicle’s materials and structure, for precise design and implementation. The vehicle’s dimensions significantly constrain the coil design. Thus, in the past, a detailed analysis using Ansys Maxwell to determine the optimal locations for primary and secondary coils in an actual e-scooter was carried out. This analysis led to an optimal design for coil geometries, minimizing costs. The proposed system was validated with a real prototype, incorporating CC-CV control to ensure safe charging for various battery states, and is adaptable to a wide range of e-scooters, enhancing the usability of such chargers in public installations.
Classements accommodants. Façonner des listes pour gérer les molécules problématiques
Authors: Boullier Henri , Bertholon Karine
Published: July 2024

Les inventaires et les listes sont un outil de gouvernement extrêmement répandu, mais dont les enjeux et les processus d’élaboration sont globalement méconnus. Ces artéfacts en apparence neutres et apolitiques, souvent décrits comme des « choses ennuyeuses », constituent en réalité des entrées particulièrement riches pour analyser les rapports de force dans la mise en œuvre de politiques sanitaires et environnementales. Nous nous intéressons ici à deux systèmes de classement : la liste des « substances soumises à autorisation » créée dans le cadre du règlement européen REACH, qui regroupe des substances toxiques destinées à être retirées du marché, et la catégorisation des antibiotiques vétérinaires de l’Agence européenne des médicaments, qui vise à préserver des molécules indispensables en médecine humaine. Des dispositions dérogatoires, des non-dits et des angles morts permettent à ces listes d’afficher un objectif de changement tout en ménageant les activités des industries et des professionnels de ces secteurs. Ce faisant, elles font preuve d’une certaine souplesse : elles soulignent l’urgence d’agir en régulant certains usages problématiques mais évitent de prononcer des interdictions fermes.
Models for dual-channel remanufacturing supply chain with reference price effect under static and dynamic games
Authors: Dai Lili , Shu Tong , Zheng Yanyan , Wang Shouyang
Published: July 2024

With the diversity of shopping styles, reference prices have become a consideration in consumers’ purchasing decisions. It is critical to understand how manufacturers and retailers make optimal decisions based on consumer behavior. To this end, we develop a manufacturer-led Stackelberg (M-Stackelberg) game model to investigate the impact of consumer proportion, reference price effect (RPE), and the channel preference coefficient on the decision of the remanufacturing supply chain (RSC) in dual-channel structures. Through comparing different game scenario models, we find that when the reference price coefficient is relatively small, the optimal decisions for the manufacturer and the retailer are the same regardless of whether the RPE is considered. The manufacturer and E-tailer always benefit from RPE, while the traditional retailer (T-retailer) is uncertain. The numerical analysis revealed that the profits of supply chain members are inversely proportional to the proportion of consumers. The smaller the proportion of primary consumers, the more favorable the supply chain. In particular, the higher the channel preference coefficient, the higher the profits of the manufacturer and E-tailer, while the lower the benefit of the T-retailer. Further, in the dynamic game, the total supply chain profit is highest when the T-retailer prices earlier than the E-tailer.
Spectral sufficient conditions for graph factors containing any edge
Authors: Cai Jin , Zhou Bo
Published: July 2024

A factor of a graph is a spanning subgraph. Spectral sufficient conditions are provided via spectral radius and signless Laplacian spectral radius for graphs with (i) a matching of given size (particularly, 1-factor) containing any given edge, and (ii) a star factor with a component isomorphic to stars of order two or three containing any given edge, respectively.
Comparison of kinetic parameters among combat sports during countermovement jump: an observational study
Authors: Singh Amrinder , Sharma Monika , Shenoy Shweta
Published: July 2024

Background: Countermovement jump (CMJ) is significant measure of physical fitness when assessing athlete performance. It closely mimics the movements utilized in gameplay & is frequently used in field evaluation for strength and power training. Aim: To investigate the differences in the force impulse, velocity and time parameters during CMJ in combat sports (Judo & Taekwondo). Method: 12 athletes were divided into two groups Group A: judo (age: 21.5 ± 2.94 years; body height: 174.71 ± 8.55 cm; weight: 70.78 ± 4.45 kg; body mass index (BMI): 23.1 ± 1.55 kg/m2) and Group B: Taekwondo athletes (age: 19.5 ± 1.04 years; body height: 169.91 ± 4.45; weight: 63.25 ± 4.45 kg; BMI: 21.93 ± 1.41 kg/m2). After the specific warm up session, 3 repetitions of CMJ were recorded for each athlete. Kinetic data acquisition was performed using forceplate (Quattro Jump Type 9290DD portable Performance Analysis System − Kistler). Results: Raw data was evaluated by the SPSS V.26. The statistical independent t-test showed significant difference in kinetic variations of force impulse, velocity and time parameters during CMJ among both the combat sports groups. Results showed the significant (p < 0.05), yet diverse changes in various kinetics parameters while comparing both the groups and group A showed higher force impulse as compared to group B. Conclusion: This study showed there is a considerable difference in force impulse parameters among Judo group but in velocity & time a parameter there were no significant change on comparison of both the groups.
The Precision of All-on-Four Implant Position Recorded from Three Different CBCT Machines
Authors: Alsulimani Osamah , Alhaddad Abdulrahman , Altassan Mosa , Bukhari Asmaa , Munshi Lulu , Sabir Ghalia
Published: July 2024

Objective To investigate the dimensional discrepancy and degree of deviation of All-on-Four implant position between different cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) machines.

Materials and Methods Four implants (4.5 × 10 mm Superline II, Dentium, South Korea) were placed in an All-on-Four style in an artificial mandible. The jaw was radiated 30 times using three different CBCT machines (Rainbow CT, Dentium; Veraview X800, Morita, Japan; Planmeca Viso G3, Planmeca OY, Finland). A total of 30 Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) files were exported, n = 10. All-on-Four implants from each DICOM file were segmented and exported as an STL file (three-dimensional image) using Blue Sky Plan software (version 4.12.13/Blue Sky Bio, United States). All-on-Four implant zone dimensions (X, Y, and Z axes) and the total degree of deviation between All-on-Four implants per CBCT machine were measured using Autodesk Meshmixer software (version 3.5.474/California, United States). The data distribution's normality and variances' equality were tested with Shapiro–Wilk's and Levene's tests, respectively (p-value < 0.05). Data were analyzed using Brown–Forsythe one-way analysis of variance and Tamhane's post hoc tests to compare the differences between the groups (p-value <0.05).

Results The respective X, Y, and Z mean dimensions of the All-on-Four implant zone were: Dentium (34.95, 14.71, and 9.97); Morita (34.88, 14.74, and 10.56); and Planmeca (34.73, 15.15, and 12.33). Significant differences between CBCT machines were found in all axes (p-value < 0.05); however, the Z-axis had the most differences. Notably, Planmeca exhibited the highest standard deviation (SD) in all axes (0.16–0.35), exhibiting the lowest consistency in the CBCT machines' readings. The Dentium exhibited the lowest deviation in the implant position, with the lowest SD (0.61). A significant difference in the total degree of deviation was spotted when only Morita was included in the comparison (p-value < 0.05).

Conclusion This study's findings are of significant importance as they reveal that the implant position recorded from the CBCT machines was most discrepant in the buccolingual dimension (Z-axis). Planmeca exhibited the least implant-dimensional accuracy of the CBCT machines, while Dentium exhibited the highest implant position accuracy. These results could significantly impact the choice of CBCT machine for implant placement, especially since an accurate CBCT image is crucial for digital implant planning.
A review: Blood pressure monitoring based on PPG and circadian rhythm
Authors: Chen Gang , Zou Linglin , Ji Zhong
Published: July 2024

The demand for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is increasing due to the global rise in cardiovascular disease patients. However, conventional ABPM methods are discontinuous and can disrupt daily activities and sleep patterns. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is gaining attention from researchers due to its simplicity, portability, affordability, and ease of signal acquisition. This paper critically examines the advancements achieved in the technology of PPG-guided noninvasive blood pressure (BP) monitoring and explores future opportunities. We have performed a literature search using the Web of Science and PubMed search engines, from January 2018 to October 2023, for PPG signal quality assessment (SQA), cuffless BP estimation using single PPG, and associations between circadian rhythm and BP. Based on this foundation, we first examine the impact of PPG signal quality on blood pressure estimation results while focusing on methods for assessing PPG signal quality. Subsequently, the methods documented for estimating cuff-free BP from PPG signals are summarized. Furthermore, the study examines how individual differences affect the accuracy of BP estimation, incorporating the factors that influence arterial blood pressure (ABP) and elucidating the impact of circadian rhythm on blood pressure. Finally, there will be a summary of the study's findings and suggestions for future research directions.
CAR T cell infiltration and cytotoxic killing within the core of 3D breast cancer spheroids under the control of antigen sensing in microwell arrays
Authors: Cho Youngbin , Laird Matthew S. , Bishop Teddi , Li Ruxuan , Jazwinska Dorota E. , Ruffo Elisa , Lohmueller Jason , Zervantonakis Ioannis K.
Published: July 2024

The success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in blood cancers has intensified efforts to develop CAR T therapies for solid cancers. In the solid tumor microenvironment, CAR T cell trafficking and suppression of cytotoxic killing represent limiting factors for therapeutic efficacy. Here, we present a microwell platform to study CAR T cell interactions with 3D breast tumor spheroids and determine predictors of anti-tumor CAR T cell function. To precisely control antigen sensing, we utilized a switchable adaptor CAR system that covalently attaches to co-administered antibody adaptors and mediates antigen recognition. Following the addition of an anti-HER2 adaptor antibody, primary human CAR T cells exhibited higher infiltration, clustering, and secretion of effector cytokines. By tracking CAR T cell killing in individual spheroids, we showed the suppressive effects of spheroid size and identified the initial CAR T cell to spheroid area ratio as a predictor of cytotoxicity. We demonstrate that larger spheroids exhibit higher hypoxia levels and are infiltrated by CAR T cells with a suppressed activation state, characterized by reduced expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and granzyme B. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed lower CAR T cell numbers and cytotoxicity in the spheroid core compared to the periphery. Finally, increasing CAR T cell seeding density resulted in higher CAR T cell infiltration and cancer cell elimination in the spheroid core. Our findings provide new quantitative insight into CAR T cell function within 3D cancer spheroids. Given its miniaturized nature and live imaging capabilities, our microfabricated system holds promise for screening cellular immunotherapies.
Sheep rotational grazing strategy to improve soil organic carbon and reduce carbon dioxide emission from spring wheat in an arid region
Authors: Ahmad Irshad , Shi Lina , Lou Shanning , Ning Jiao , Guo Yarong , Kamran Muhammad , Zhu Wanhe , Hou Fujiang
Published: July 2024

Context Cultivating forage crops is crucial to improve feed production, and grazing is an important utilisation method to improve soil fertility. Aim Improving soil organic carbon (SOC) content and reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emission through grazing management from a spring wheat field. Methods We compared sheep rotational grazing and control, and studied their effects on SOC and CO2 emission from a spring wheat field. Key results Sheep rotational grazing improved SOC content (by 23.5%) and soil easily oxidised organic carbon (EOC) content (by 7.7%) and reduces soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content (by 35.8%) compared with the control. Sheep rotational grazing reduced CO2 emission compared with the control. Sheep grazing reduced cumulative CO2 emission by 28.9% and 33.0% in May and June compared with the control. Conclusions Sheep grazing improved SOC content and reduce CO2 emission from a spring wheat field. Implications Based on our short-term study, sheep rotational grazing has a significant effect on SOC, EOC and MBC contents and CO2 emission from spring wheat fields in arid regions. For a large-scale assessment of sheep grazing on soil fertility and CO2 emission, more investigation for different soils and climates is necessary. Furthermore, a long-term study is also necessary to better understand the effect of sheep rotational grazing on soil fertility and CO2 emission from spring wheat fields in arid regions.
Site-selective peptide bond hydrolysis and ligation in water by short peptide-based assemblies
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Chakraborty Janardan , Pal Sumit , Das Dibyendu
Published: July 2024

The evolution of complex chemical inventory from Darwin’s nutrient-rich warm pond necessitated rudimentary yet efficient catalytic folds. Short peptides and their self-organized microstructures, ranging from spherical colloids to amyloidogenic aggregates might have played a crucial role in the emergence of contemporary catalytic entities. However, the question of how short peptide fragments had functions akin to contemporary complex enzymes to catalyze cleavage and formation of highly stable peptide bonds that constitute the backbone of all proteins remains an unresolved yet fundamentally important question in terms of the origins of enzymes. We report short-peptide-based spherical assemblies that demonstrated residue-specific cleavage and formation of peptide bonds of diverse peptide-based substrates under aqueous environment. Despite the short sequence length, the assemblies utilized the synergistic collaboration of four residues which included the catalytic triad of extant serine proteases with a nonproteinogenic amino acid (quinone moiety), to facilitate proteolysis, ligation, and a three-step (hydrolysis–ligation–hydrolysis) cascade. Such short-peptide-based catalytic assemblies argue for their candidacy as the earliest protein folds and open up avenues for biotechnological applications.
Resolving the 22q11.2 deletion using CTLR-Seq reveals chromosomal rearrangement mechanisms and individual variance in breakpoints
Authors: Zhou Bo , Purmann Carolin , Guo Hanmin , Shin GiWon , Huang Yiling , Pattni Reenal , Meng Qingxi , Greer Stephanie U. , Roychowdhury Tanmoy , Wood Raegan N. , Ho Marcus , Dohna Heinrich zu , Abyzov Alexej , Hallmayer Joachim F. , Wong Wing H. , Ji Hanlee P. , Urban Alexander E.
Published: July 2024

We developed a generally applicable method, CRISPR/Cas9-targeted long-read sequencing (CTLR-Seq), to resolve, haplotype-specifically, the large and complex regions in the human genome that had been previously impenetrable to sequencing analysis, such as large segmental duplications (SegDups) and their associated genome rearrangements. CTLR-Seq combines in vitro Cas9-mediated cutting of the genome and pulse-field gel electrophoresis to isolate intact large (i.e., up to 2,000 kb) genomic regions that encompass previously unresolvable genomic sequences. These targets are then sequenced (amplification-free) at high on-target coverage using long-read sequencing, allowing for their complete sequence assembly. We applied CTLR-Seq to the SegDup-mediated rearrangements that constitute the boundaries of, and give rise to, the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS), the most common human microdeletion disorder. We then performed de novo assembly to resolve, at base-pair resolution, the full sequence rearrangements and exact chromosomal breakpoints of 22q11.2DS (including all common subtypes). Across multiple patients, we found a high degree of variability for both the rearranged SegDup sequences and the exact chromosomal breakpoint locations, which coincide with various transposons within the 22q11.2 SegDups, suggesting that 22q11DS can be driven by transposon-mediated genome recombination. Guided by CTLR-Seq results from two 22q11DS patients, we performed three-dimensional chromosomal folding analysis for the 22q11.2 SegDups from patient-derived neurons and astrocytes and found chromosome interactions anchored within the SegDups to be both cell type-specific and patient-specific. Lastly, we demonstrated that CTLR-Seq enables cell-type specific analysis of DNA methylation patterns within the deletion haplotype of 22q11DS.