bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Przełomowe wydarzenia polityczne w Lublinie w czasie I wojny światowej. Na drodze do niepodległości / Landmarks of the First World War in Lublin. On the way to the independence
Authors: Ryba Mieczysław
Published: May 2015

The author writes about the changes on the political scene in Lublin during the First World War. Since 1915, Lublin was occupied by German and Austrian troops. Some political groups wanted to cooperate with Germany and Austria-Hungary, some opposed to this. 5th November Act 1916 gave the promise of creating a Polish state. Therefore, political parties collaborating with the Germans increased their activity. Later came the growing disappointment against German policy towards Polish. The worst was adopted the Treaty of Brest in 1918, when the Germans and Austrians gave Ukraine a part of Polish territory. In Lublin gained an advantage an anti-German group.

In November 1918, the government of Lublin formed the Socialists. To the political struggle, the government began Polish nationalists.
On certain generalized q-Appell polynomial expansions
Authors: Ernst Thomas
Published: May 2015

We study q-analogues of three Appell polynomials, the H-polynomials, the Apostol-Bernoulli and Apostol-Euler polynomials, whereby two new q-difference operators and the NOVA q-addition play key roles. The definitions of the new polynomials are by the generating function; like in our book, two forms, NWA and JHC are always given together with tables, symmetry relations and recurrence formulas. It is shown that the complementary argument theorems can be extended to the new polynomials as well as to some related polynomials. In order to find a certain formula, we introduce a q-logarithm. We conclude with a brief discussion of multiple q-Appell polynomials.
Efficiency Of Biomass Production – Methodological Approaches
Authors: Svetlanská Tatiana , Turčeková Natália , Adamičková Izabela
Published: May 2015

The article investigates methodological approaches towards economic efficiency, which may be applicable in case of biomass production with emphasis on agricultural biomass production – energy crops. The selected methods are: parametric stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA), which are suitable for efficiency measurement in agriculture. The study is organized in four sections. Introduction provides brief report on issues related to biomass production and term efficiency. Both methods (models) are shortly described in the material and methods chapter. In this part, bio-economy efficiency is shortly depicted as a modification of environmental efficiency. The results and discussion part explains limitations of models, inputs and outputs in terms of biomass production. The conclusion sums up the application of models. The results suggest the use of SFA on sector level and the use of DEA on farm level or regions basis.
Transformation To Eco-Friendly Consumer Goods Production And Sustainable Growth: A Case Of Uzbekistan
Authors: Abdirashidov Ashirali
Published: May 2015

The goal of this paper is to analyse consumers’ behaviour, their attitudes towards eco-friendly products in conditions of Uzbekistan and identify any optimal solutions based on European experience. In definition of sustainable growth, along with other equally important aims of continuing development one may include the preservation of diverse eco-systems of a country. Giving up the nature for the sake of fast growth might lead to undesirable consequences, very much of it being experienced in wide range of emerging countries. One is government's efforts to encourage the standards with ecologically oriented quality control procedures by providing subsidies. There also might be protective measures limiting the waste produced by enterprises. This approach is called top-down approach. The other way is the bottom-up approach, where impact on consumers is created by state media or planned policy strategy promoting production of eco-friendly products. In my view, this is the long-term and most efficient approach where the desired result is achieved by the demand side.
Equation of State, Nonlinear Elastic Response, and Anharmonic Properties of Diamond-Cubic Silicon and Germanium: First-Principles Investigation
Authors: Wang Chenju , Gu Jianbing , Kuang Xiaoyu , Xiang Shikai
Published: May 2015

Nonlinear elastic properties of diamond-cubic silicon and germanium have not been investigated sufficiently to date. Knowledge of these properties not only can help us to understand nonlinear mechanical effects but also can assist us to have an insight into the related anharmonic properties, so we investigate the nonlinear elastic behaviour of single silicon and germanium by calculating their second- and third-order elastic constants. All the results of the elastic constants show good agreement with the available experimental data and other theoretical calculations. Such a phenomenon indicates that the present values of the elastic constants are accurate and can be used to further study the related anharmonic properties. Subsequently, the anharmonic properties such as the pressure derivatives of the second-order elastic constants, Grüneisen constants of long-wavelength acoustic modes, and ultrasonic nonlinear parameters are explored. All the anharmonic properties of silicon calculated in the present work also show good agreement with the existing experimental results; this consistency not only reveals that the calculation method of the anharmonic properties is feasible but also illuminates that the anharmonic properties obtained in the present work are reliable. For the anharmonic properties of germanium, since there are no experimental result and other theoretical data till now, we hope that the anharmonic properties of germanium first offered in this work would serve as a reference for future studies.
Direct Similarity Reduction and New Exact Solutions for the Variable-Coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili Equation
Authors: El-Shiekh Rehab M.
Published: May 2015

In this paper, the generalized (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation (VCKPE), which can describe nonlinear phenomena in fluids or plasmas, is studied by using two different Clarkson and Kruskal (CK) direct methods, namely, the classical CK and the modified enlarged CK method. A similarity reduction to a (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation and a direct similarity reduction to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation are obtained, respectively. By solving the reduced ordinary differential equation, new solitary, periodic, and singular solutions for the VCKPE are obtained. Some figures for the soliton and periodic wave solutions are given to reflect the effect of the variable coefficients on the solution propagation. Finally, the comparison between the two different CK techniques indicates that the modified enlarged CK technique is clearly more powerful and simple than the classical CK technique.
Application of Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Relaxometry to Study the Influence of the Environment on the Surface of the Crystallites of Powder
Authors: Sinyavsky Nikolay Ya. , Mershiev Ivan G. , Kupriyanova Galina S.
Published: May 2015

The results of the experimental study of the influence of the environment surrounding the surface of the crystallites of a KClO3 powder on the distribution of the spin–spin and spin–lattice relaxation times for 35Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance are described. It was found that the distributions of the spin–lattice relaxation times are unimodal and distributions of the spin–spin relaxation times are bimodal for all samples we studied. T
1 – T
2 and T
1ρ – T
2 correlations by means of the two-dimensional (2D) inverse Laplace transform are obtained. The efficiency of the method for the study of surface phenomena in solids is demonstrated.
“Bugs on Bugs”
Authors: Lampert Evan C. , Morgan Jeanelle M.
Published: May 2015

Diverse communities of arthropods and microbes provide humans with essential ecosystem goods and services. Arthropods are the most diverse and abundant macroscopic animals on the planet, and many remain to be discovered. Much less is known about microbial diversity, despite their importance as free-living species and as symbionts. We created “Bugs on Bugs” as an inquiry-based research project in which students investigate both arthropod and microbe diversity by collecting arthropods and culturing their symbionts. “Bugs on Bugs” was developed as a multiple-course project in which students from different disciplines specialize in parts of the project and collaborate in project design and data analysis. We provide instructions for use of “Bugs on Bugs” in active-learning courses, share experiences in which a biodiversity course and a microbiology course completed “Bugs on Bugs” together at our institution, and share suggestions for implementation based on our experiences.
Integrating Botany with Chemistry & Art to Improve Elementary School Children’s Awareness of Plants
Authors: Çil Emine
Published: May 2015

Students need to be aware of plants in order to learn about, appreciate, care for, and protect them. However, research has found that many children are not aware of the plants in their environment. A way to address this issue might be integration of plants with various disciplines. I investigated the effectiveness of an instructional approach based on integration of botany with chemistry and art for increasing students’ awareness of plants. The study was carried out in a science summer school for 10- to 12-year-old students (n = 25). A plant awareness questionnaire and a plant blindness test were used as pretests and posttests to assess the effects of the instruction on the students’ plant awareness. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with the students after instruction. The results indicated that integrating plants with various disciplines might overcome the learning problem of students associated with their “plant blindness.” Moreover, this instructional approach can provide students opportunities to learn the names of plants and some concepts in the botanical discipline, as well as help them understand the relationship between plants and other disciplines.
A case of Madelung's disease accompanied by Klinefelter's syndrome
Authors: Ozderya Aysenur , Temizkan Sule , Aydin Tezcan Kadriye , Ozturk Feyza Yener , Altuntas Yuksel
Published: May 2015

Madelung's disease is a rare fat metabolism disorder characterised by benign multiple symmetric, encapsulated lipomatosis. The exact cause of the disease is unknown; it may be associated with chronic alcoholism and mutations in mitochondrial DNA (A8344G), but there have been cases without these factors reported in the literature. A 29-year-old man with a 6-year history of diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital for poorly regulated diabetes and decreased libido. He was not an alcohol consumer. His family history was unremarkable. Physical examination revealed that he had a eunuchoid body shape. There was a symmetric excess fat accumulation in his submandibular, deltoid, nuchal, suprapubic and inguinal areas. He was diagnosed with Madelung's disease, and imaging studies supported the diagnosis. Hormonal evaluation revealed a hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Karyotype analysis revealed a 47,XXY mutation. Genetic research showed no mitochondrial DNA mutation. Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, hyperuricaemia and liver disease, endocrine gland diseases, such as hypothyroidism, and neurological diseases, such as polyneuropathy and cognitive disorders, may accompany Madelung's disease. The present study represents the first reported case of Madelung's disease accompanied by Klinefelter's syndrome.

Learning points

Madelung's disease is a rare fat metabolism disorder characterised by benign multiple symmetric and encapsulated lipid accumulation.

The exact cause of the disease is unknown.

Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, hyperuricaemia and liver disease, endocrine gland diseases, such as hypothyroidism, and neurological diseases, such as polyneuropathy and cognitive disorders, may accompany Madelung's disease.
Revisión bibliográfica sobre la ‘relación con el saber’. Desplazamientos teóricos y posibilidades para el análisis psicopedagógico de los aprendizajes escolares
Authors: Vercellino Soledad
Published: May 2015

Recibido 8 de abril de 2014 • Corregido 18 de enero de 2015 • Aceptado 27 de abril de 2015El presente artículo de revisión bibliográfica analiza los distintos desplazamientos teóricos que se han suscitado con la noción de ‘relación con el saber’ en su utilización efectiva en trabajos de investigación empírica y teórica desde distintos campos disciplinares. Existen en la comunidad académica internacional numerosas iniciativas que intentan abordar, desde diferentes disciplinas, algunos problemas de la transmisión de saberes y de su apropiación recurriendo a la potencia heurística de la noción de “relación con el saber”. Dichas iniciativas incluyen estudios teóricos y empíricos que aluden a la relación con el saber de los sujetos escolares: docentes y alumnado y que se inscriben, fundamentalmente, en dos grandes escuelas: la psicoanalítica del Centre de Recherche Education et Formation (CREF), de la Universidad Paris X-Nanterre, creado por Jacky Beillerot y continuado por Nicole Mosconi y Claudine Blanchard-Laville; y la sociológica, del Grupo “Educación, socialización y colectividades locales” (ESCOL) conformado en el año 1987 en el Departamento de Ciencias del Educación de la Universidad París VIII, Saint Denis, con la dirección de Bernard Charlot. Se registran esfuerzos por precisar teóricamente esta noción. Las investigaciones coinciden en que la relación de un sujeto con el saber se constituye en dos procesos vitales, uno primario, vinculado a las primeras relaciones que el niño y la niña desarrollan en el ámbito familiar, que imprime ciertas características a dicha relación; son marcas –más o menos posibilitadoras– que los procesos de subjetivación dejan en la forma en que el sujeto se relaciona con el saber. Y un proceso secundario, vinculado al tránsito por instituciones exogámicas –las del sistema educativo, las de la inserción laboral– que con sus propios reservorios de significaciones, lógicas de funcionamiento y demandas hacia el sujeto, parecerían ser oportunidad u ocasión para conmover, modificar o reforzar dicha relación. Las investigaciones difieren en las dimensiones de análisis en las que enfatizarán: los estudios que se enmarcan en la ESCOL lo harán en los sentidos que los sujetos construyen en torno al saber, a su relación con este y, por extensión, con la escuela en general. Los estudios que se enmarcan en los desarrollos del CREF, por su parte, darán prioridad a ciertos fenómenos de orden inconsciente: fenómenos transferenciales, fantasmáticos e, incluso, pulsionales. Lo que se advierte es, en definitiva, la persistencia de una problemática teórico-epistemológica: que es la forma en que se conceptualiza el sujeto, el saber y la relación que el sintagma establece entre ambos.
The Pharmacy-Level Asthma Medication Ratio and Population Health
Authors: Beck Andrew F. , Bradley Courtney L. , Huang Bin , Simmons Jeffrey M. , Heaton Pamela C. , Kahn Robert S.
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Community pharmacies may be positioned for an increased role in population health. We sought to develop a population-level measure of asthma medication fills and assess its relationship to asthma-related utilization.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective, ecological study (2010–2012). Medication data from a chain of pharmacies (n = 27) within 1 county were used to calculate a Pharmacy-level Asthma Medication Ratio (Ph-AMR), defined as controller fills divided by controller plus rescue fills. Higher values are superior because they indicate more controller compared with rescue fills. The outcome was the asthma-related utilization rate among children in the same census tract as the pharmacy, calculated by dividing all emergency visits and hospitalizations by the number of children in that tract. Covariates, including ecological measures of poverty and access to care, were used in multivariable linear regression.

RESULTS:

Overall, 35 467 medications were filled. The median Ph-AMR was 0.53 (range 0.38–0.66). The median utilization rate across included census tracts was 22.4 visits per 1000 child-years (range 1.3–60.9). Tracts with Ph-AMR <0.5 had significantly higher utilization rates than those with Ph-AMR ≥0.5 (26.1 vs 9.9; P = .001). For every 0.1 increase in Ph-AMR, utilization rates decreased by 9.5 (P = .03), after adjustment for underlying poverty and access. Seasonal variation in fills was evident, but pharmacies in high-utilizing tracts filled more rescue than controller medications at nearly every point during the study period.

CONCLUSIONS:

Ph-AMR was independently associated with ecological childhood asthma morbidity. Pharmacies may be a community-based leverage point for improving population-level asthma control through targeted interventions.
Influence of different approaches to training of main movements on physical fitness of 4 years boys with various motor asymmetry
Authors: Galamandjuk L. L.
Published: May 2015

Purpose: determination of effectiveness of different training main movements’ methods in physical fitness improvement of boys with different manual motor asymmetry. Material: 50 boys with ambidexterity (4 years old age) took part in the research. There was used the following: oral questioning, dynamometry and methodic by M.M. Bezrukikh. Results: usage of one of variants of “symmetric” approach determines specificities of motor qualities’ development: among boys with ambidexterity in motor asymmetry variant “first with passive hand, then with active one” and variant “first with active and then with passive hand” ensure improvement of all tested qualities (except flexibility and quickness). Boys with right orientation of manual motor asymmetry demonstrated improvement of all qualities (except coordination in ballistic movements for accuracy, fulfilled by right arm) in the first variant. In the second variant all qualities (except already mentioned quickness) are improved. Conclusions: with any orientation of manual motor asymmetry the necessary condition of high activity and successful child’s training is development of interaction between cerebral semi-spheres. Coordinated movements by left and right arms strengthen such interaction. That is why it is purposeful to consequently fulfill every movement by every arm and by two arms simultaneously.
Workability’s recreation methodic with application of cupping massage and autogenic training of women student teams’ basketball players
Authors: Kozina Zh.L. , Kozhuhar L.V. , Sobko I. N. , Vaksler M.A. , Tihonova A.A.
Published: May 2015

Purpose: to experimentally subsituate effectiveness of non traditional complex methodic of recreation in female basketball players’ training process. Material: 22 basketball players of women student’s team participated in the research. Pedagogic testing was conducted by 12 tests in special physical and technical fitness. Psycho-physiological testing was conducted by program PSYCHO-DIAGNOSTIC. Groups were trained by identical programs during 9 weeks. Results: we authors observed increased physical and technical fitness of basketball players. Besides, quantity of mistakes in response to visual irritator reduced. It indirectly witnesses about strengthening of nervous processes. There was registered influence of mind on quality of organism’s recreation after physical loads. Conclusions: the authors recommend methodic of cupping massage, combined with autogenic training. Autogenic training implies repeated pronouncing by instructor (or independently by sportswomen) of text, describing coming turn by turn natural images. Peculiarities of massage were influence of massage passes on muscles and ligaments. Cupping massage was used after warming up classic massage techniques.
EFFECT OF TRAINING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION DRIVING SCHOOL Case of the teaching of O'Brien shot put style
Authors: Aymen Hawani , Maher Mrayeh , Mohamed Sami Bousid
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare three different pedagogical approaches to training of complex motor skill: shot put style translation (O'Brien). The first is to introduce learning situations using an 'Audiovisual Projection' '(APA). The second is essentially based on demonstration of gesture, supported by verbal instructions (ADG). The third is based exclusively on verbal instructions (ACV). To do this, a group of 87 trainees from three classes of 7th base year participated in this study. Their average age was between 12 and 14 years, an average height of about ± 1.60m and a weight of 55 kg ±. All they had no practical experience in athletic activity, specifically in Shot Put. To each of three classes one of the three approaches was applied as well as 8 sessions alternating with three assessment sessions. The results showed that performance of trainees after using of the first approach (APA) was relatively better than that was achieved with using of other two approaches, especially when training of complex motor tasks, specific to the chosen style of throwing. This allows to deduce the existence of a relationship between complexity of the motor action to be reproduce and interpretation of audiovisual messages, presented by the coach in the middle of training cycle.
IMPACT OF CANINE ASSISTED THERAPY ON EMOTIONS AND MOTIVATION LEVEL IN CHILDREN WITH REDUCED MOBILITY IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CLASSES
Authors: Niewiadomska Monika , Makris Maria
Published: May 2015

Canine assisted therapy is increasingly used in the treatment of children with various diseases. The participation of a dog in classes evokes positive emotions in children, which are often an important factor in the success of a therapy. Purpose: The aim of this study was to present the influence of emotions on the level of motivation toward physical activity in children with reduced mobility. Material: The study involved six 5-year-old children, i.e. 5 boys and one girl, who had refused to participate in physical activity classes. They reacted with anxiety, anger and did not want to exercise. Assessment of feelings and emotions of the children was based on observations and interviews with parents. Results: After introducing a dog to the physical activity classes, the children changed their attitude not only to training, but also to themselves and their classmates. There was an observed increase in their motivation for the exercises. Such a significant impact of a dog on child’s emotions can be very important in the therapeutic process and is reported and recognized by many specialists. Conclusions: Canine assisted therapy sessions could be promoted in the treatment of children with locomotor impairment, as well as with other disabilities such as autism, obesity, cerebral palsy, learning difficulties and depression.
LEVEL OF SELF-RESPECT AND ASSERTIVENESS SKILLS AND TEACHERS’ EDUCATIONAL COMPETENCES
Authors: Romanowska-Tolloczko Anna , Nowak Agata , Gnitecka Jolanta
Published: May 2015

Purpose: determining of self-respect level and assertiveness of teachers. Verification of whether there is a relationship between the measured trait and the correlation of educational competence. Material and methods: the study used three tools: Polish adaptation of SES M.Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale, a questionnaire to determine the levels of assertiveness - P.Majewicz's Scale "I and others" and a questionnaire to examine the professional competence of teachers by A.Romanowska-Tołłoczko. The study examined 275 primary school teachers of different subjects. Results: after the statement of the research’s results in the field of self-respect and assertiveness, it turns out that there is some regularity in relation to the level of the studied traits. People with high self-respect also receive higher scores assertive skills compared with those of average and low self-respect. This pattern is seen in all groups of teachers. Conclusions: although the observed differences are not great and statistically significant, they show some evidence of the occurrence trend of interdependence in a range of predispositions. Moreover, a positive correlation between the level of self-respect and assertiveness and parental perception of their competence was noted.
INFLUENCE OF TRADITIONAL DANCE TRAINING PROGRAMS ON DYNAMIC BALANCE OF PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY: A SHORT REVIEW
Authors: Vasileios K. Tsimaras
Published: May 2015

Traditional dance is gaining popularity as an intervention choice for improving poor balance ability of people with intellectual disability (ID). Balance improvement for individuals with ID through dance provides opportunities for participation in sport activities and promotes independent living. This short review provides in brief research evidence of dynamic balance improvement as measured by means of a balance deck in duration of 30, 45, and 60 sec intervals, highlighting the need to incorporate traditional dance programs in Physical Education (PE) lessons applied on participants with ID. Overall, traditional dances provide emotional and cognitive interaction that has a direct positive effect on quality of life and successful motor performance of individuals with ID.
Cross-Resistance of Japanese Foxtail (Alopecurus japonicus) to ACCase Inhibitors in China
Authors: Cui Hailan , Wang Cangyue , Han Yujiao , Chen Liang , Li Xiangju
Published: May 2015

The increasing use of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides has resulted in evolved resistance in key grass weeds infesting cereal cropping systems worldwide. Japanese foxtail is one of the most important grass weed species in wheat in China. Most populations have evolved resistance to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, which is one of the most common ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in wheat. The seeds of two Japanese foxtail populations were collected from wheat fields where farmers complained that control could not be effectively obtained with fenoxaprop-p-ethyl. Seeds from one susceptible population were collected from an area along a roadside where ACCase inhibitors had not been used to be used for validating cross-resistance and elucidating the mechanism of resistance. The experimental results showed that the two populations, Aloja-JS10-R1 and Aloja-JS10-R2, expressed high resistance to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, with resistance indexes (RIs) of 29.2 and 27.9. These populations also expressed high cross-resistance to clodinafop-propargyl with RIs of 12.8 and 14.7, and moderate cross-resistance to clethodim and pinoxaden with RIs ranging from 2.6 to 11.4. Comparison of the ACCase carboxyl-transferase (CT) domain sequences of the susceptible and resistant populations with blackgrass revealed that tryptophan at position 2027 of the ACCase gene was substituted by cysteine in population Aloja-JS10-R1, and isoleucine at position 1781 of the ACCase gene was substituted by leucine in populations Aloja-JS10-R2. The study confirmed Japanese foxtail resistance to the ACCase inhibitor fenoxafop-p-ethyl, cross-resistance to other ACCase inhibitors, and the resistance mechanism being conferred by specific ACCase point mutations at amino acid position 1781 and 2027.
A Crepis mollis (Jacq.) Asch. subsp. hieracioides (Waldst. & Kit.) Domin újrafelfedezése Magyarországon
Authors: Bauer Norbert , Somlyay Lajos
Published: May 2015

A Crepis hieracioides-t (= C. mollis subsp. hieracioides) Kitaibel Pál írta le a Bakonyból több mint 200 évvel ezelőtt. A mai napig ez a taxon egyetlen adata Magyarország jelenlegi területéről. A második világháború utáni flóraművek a magyar flórából kihaltként említik, illetve több összefoglaló műben már nem is szerepel. Jelen közlemény a növény magyarországi (Bakonyalja, Devecser: Széki-erdő) újrafelfedezéséről számol be, jellemzi a termőhelyét, és hangsúlyozza a taxon növényföldrajzi jelentőségét.
Apró közlemények
Authors: Szűcs Péter , Pénzesné Kónya Erika , Takács Attila , Löki Viktor , Csábi Miklós , Csirmaz Kálmán , Gregorits János , Haszonits Győző , Hernádi László , Kiticsics Anikó , Lukács Róbert , Makádi Sándor , Marton József , Molnár V. Attila , Nagy Timea , Pánczél Mátyás , Raksányi Zsolt , Reszler Gábor , Tóth Katalin , Babai Dániel , Kelemen András , Deák Balázs , Albert Ágnes , Valkó Orsolya , Csathó András István
Published: May 2015

1. A Lycopodium clavatum L. előfordulása az Egri-Bükkalján2. Néhány adat Debrecen urbán-flórájához

3. Kiegészítések a Magyarország orchideáinak atlasza elterjedési adataihoz4. Sisyrinchium bermudiana L. új előfordulási adata a Kárpát-medencében5. A légyfogó (Myagrum perfoliatum L.) előfordulása Mezőberény mellett
Szikfok – Dél-hevesi tanulmányok
Authors: Schmotzer András
Published: May 2015

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Estimation of Finite Population Ratio When Other Auxiliary Variables are Available in the Study
Authors: Al-Jararha Jehad , Bataineh Ala'
Published: May 2015

The estimation of the population total $t_y,$ by using one or moreauxiliary variables, and the population ratio $\theta_{xy}=t_y/t_x,$$t_x$ is the population total for the auxiliary variable $X$, for afinite population are heavily discussed in the literature. In thispaper, the idea of estimation the finite population ratio$\theta_{xy}$ is extended to use the availability of auxiliaryvariable $Z$ in the study, such auxiliary variable  is not used inthe definition of the population ratio. This idea may be  supported by the fact that the variable $Z$  is highly correlated with the interest variable $Y$ than the correlation between the variables $X$ and $Y.$ The availability of such auxiliary variable can be used to improve the precision of the estimation of the population ratio.  To our knowledge, this idea is not discussed in the literature.  The bias, variance and the mean squares error  are given for our approach. Simulation from real data set,  the empirical relative bias and  the empirical relative mean squares error are computed for our approach and different estimators proposed in the literature  for estimating the population ratio $\theta_{xy}.$ Analytically and the simulation results show that, by suitable choices, our approach gives negligible bias and has less mean squares error.
On Representativeness of Internet Data Sources for Real Estate Market in Poland
Authors: Beręsewicz Maciej Eryk
Published: May 2015

Shifting paradigms in Official Statistics lead to a widespread use of administrative records to support or to create an alternative for census and surveys. At the same time demand for diversified detailed information is increasing. Official Statistics in order to meet this demand need to seek for new data sources. Internet data sources or more general -- Big Data -- could be one of them. Potential usefulness of these new sources of statistical information should not be neglected.The aim of the paper is to assess representativeness of Internet data sources (IDS) for real estate market in Poland. These sources could be used for describing demand and supply on secondary real estate market in more detailed way that is done with existing methodology. In order to assess representativeness, information from official surveys and other data sources will be used. Due to lack of sufficient literature on this issue, own research will be conducted to enhance information from official statistics. For the purpose of the paper Internet data sources will be defined. Register TERYT containing information on street names was used to correct information taken from Internet data sources. Special program for automated data collection (web spider) was developed. All the calculation was done with R statistical software and additional packages (XML, RCurl, httr).
Early Vigor of Advanced Breeding Lines and Modern Cotton Cultivars
Authors: Liu S. , Remley M. , Bourland F. M. , Nichols R. L. , Stevens W. E. , Jones A. Phillips , Fritschi F. B.
Published: May 2015

Stand establishment and early vigor are critical to the successful production of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Rapid early growth could provide significant advantages to young plants relative to diseases, insects, and weeds. The objectives of this research were to identify traits that contribute to differences in early growth, characterize genotypic variation in early vigor among modern cultivars and advanced breeding lines, and determine the effect of the seed production environment on early vigor. Early growth of 10 genotypes from private companies and 18 unreleased breeding lines was compared through measurements of leaf area and biomass under field conditions in 2 yr. A positive correlation of seed weight and rapid early growth was observed up to 32 d after planting (DAP). Cotyledon area was positively associated with shoot dry weight over the course of the first 52 DAP. Significant genotypic differences were observed for cotyledon and total leaf areas, and for cotyledon, first true leaf, total leaf, stem, and total shoot dry weights in both years within approximately the first 4 wk after planting. No correlation between lint yield and rapid early growth was found. For the first 17 (2009) and 32 (2008) DAP—but not after that—plants grown from seeds produced in distinct environments differed in early vigor. Overall, seeds from breeding lines produced more vigorous seedlings than did seeds of commercial genotypes. Although heritability of the examined traits has not been established, the broad range in values and significant genotypic variation suggest that breeding for enhanced early vigor should be possible without compromising yield.
New Sources of Resistance to Multiple Pathotypes of Sclerospora graminicola in the Pearl Millet Mini Core Germplasm Collection
Authors: Sharma Rajan , Upadhyaya Hari D. , Sharma Shivali , Gate Vishal L. , Raj Chandramani
Published: May 2015

Downy mildew (DM), caused by Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schröt., is a highly destructive and widespread disease in most pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] growing areas of Asia and Africa. Breeding for DM resistance continues to be an integral part of genetic improvement of pearl millet at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. For the identification of new and diverse sources of DM resistance, a pearl millet mini core collection comprising 238 accessions was screened against eight pathotypes (Sg 384, Sg 409, Sg 445, Sg 457, Sg 510, Sg 519, Sg 526, and Sg 542) of S. graminicola collected from different geographical locations in India. Significant differences for DM reaction were observed among pathotypes, mini core accessions, and their interactions. Of the 238 accessions, 68 accessions were resistant (≤10% DM incidence) to pathotype Sg 510 followed by 40 accessions resistant to Sg 457. Resistance to pathotypes Sg 519, Sg 526, Sg 384, Sg 445, and Sg 542 was observed in 15, 27, 29, 30, and 34 mini core accessions, respectively. Resistance to two or more pathotypes was observed in 62 accessions. Several of these accessions also exhibited desirable agronomic traits. The multiple‐pathotype‐resistant germplasm accessions having desirable agronomic characteristics and collected from different agro‐ecologies would be useful in breeding programs to develop pearl millet hybrids resistant to difficult‐to‐manage highly‐virulent pathotypes of S. graminicola.
Current aspects of the interactions between dementia, the brain renin-angiotensin system and oxidative stress
Authors: Serban Dragomir , Anton Emil , Chirita Roxana , Bild Veronica , Ciobica Alin , Alexinschi Ovidiu , Arcan Oana , Popescu Radu , Paduraru Luminita , Timofte Daniel
Published: May 2015

There is increased interest in the interactions between vascular disorders
and Alzheimer?s disease (AD). While initially these interactions were
explained by the fact that these are both very common disorders, particularly
later in life, recently, the possibility that these deficiencies might
actually coexist is increasingly being questioned. This review attempts to
present modern aspects and current reports regarding the interactions between
AD, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and hypertension, while also
describing the relevance of antihypertensive drug use acting via the RAS in
the treatment and prevention of AD, as well as the importance of oxidative
stress, the alteration of the balance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants,
in the interaction between AD and the RAS.
Globoscepticism of classical liberals
Authors: Novicic Zaklina
Published: May 2015

In the past few years, after 50 years on academic margins the debate on a
world government (or world state) is renewed. Traditionally it is followed by
aversion toward world state, nowdays called globoscepticism. The paper
focuses on classical liberal thinkers of eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
and their views on a world state, that have been rooted in early federal
peace proposals and analyses of modern political thinkers (Rousseau, Bentham,
Cobden, Mill, Smith, Mill). The author points out on Kant?s ?federalism of
free states?, to show it did not imply support for world state but improved
international law. Also, it is confirmed that globoskepticism of the
classical British liberals, or their distrust of a world organization, arises
from general liberal distrust of a big state political organization. The
classical liberal attitude has been abandoned by new liberal
internationalists at the beginning of the twentieth century, but classical
liberal doctrine continues to have both an academic influence and practical
outcomes.
A new approach to the system of civil protection in the European Union
Authors: Jazic Aleksandar
Published: May 2015

After the Cold War civil defense was transformed into civil protection. This
part of the state structure moved from the armed forces in the civilian
sector. There are two reasons. First, direct threat of nuclear war stopped.
Second, major natural disasters caused by climate changes. Today?s civil
protection is organized in order to protect life and property in the event of
disasters caused by nature or man. The European Union is due to the problems
that arise when disasters appear start a process aimed at higher efficiency
of civil protection in the Member States, but also the formation of a joint
civil protection system on its territory. A key reason for the formation of a
joint civil protection system is a phenomenon that disaster in one country
causes consequences in several neighbouring countries. This is why the
framework of modernization of the European Union Civil Protection includes
non-member states.
Growth and enterotoxin production of Bacillus cereus in cow, goat, and sheep milk
Authors: Necidová Lenka , Bursová Šárka , Skočková Alena , Janštová Bohdana , Prachařová Pavla , Ševčíková Žaneta , Janštová Bohumíra
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to compare Bacillus cereus growth rates and diarrhoeal enterotoxin production in raw and pasteurized goat, sheep, and cow milk in terms of storage conditions. Milk samples were inoculated with B. cereus (CCM 2010), which produces diarrhoeal enterotoxins. Enterotoxin production was tested by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), and the count of B. cereus was determined by the plate method. With raw cow milk, B. cereus growth and enterotoxin production can be completely suppressed; in raw goat and sheep milk, enterotoxin was produced at 22 °C. In pasteurized cow, goat, and sheep milk, the B. cereus count increased under all storage conditions, with more rapid growth being observed at 15 °C (sheep milk) and 22 °C (cow and goat milk). Enterotoxin presence was detected at 15 °C and 22 °C, and with pasteurized cow milk also at 8 °C. Our model experiments have determined that B. cereus multiplication and subsequent enterotoxin production depend on storage temperature and milk type.
Food preference for milk and dairy products
Authors: Derflerová Brázdová Zuzana , Klimusová Helena , Vorlová Lenka , Fiala Jindřich
Published: May 2015

Milk and dairy products constitute an important source of energy and nutrients for humans. Food preferences may significantly influence the actual consumption (and thus nutrition) of people at the population level. The objective of the present large-scale survey was to specify current preferences for milk and dairy products with regard to age and sex. The study was conducted across the Moravia region, Czech Republic, on a sample of 451 individuals divided into 4 age groups: children, adolescents, young adults, and elderly people. A graphic scale questionnaire was administered, with respondents rating their degree of preference for each food item by drawing a mark on a 35 mm line. Out of the 115 items in the questionnaire, 11 items represented dairy products. Data was analysed by means of a general linear model using IBM SPSS Statistics software. Preference for milk was lower in the elderly group than the other groups (P < 0.01). In children, the most preferred dairy product was cream, which was in contrast with the elderly group. Significant sex differences were only found with low-fat yoghurt (P < 0.01). The overall preference for dairy products (21.6) was lower than the average preference for all foods on the list (22.5). The cross-sectional study revealed intergenerational differences in preferences for specific dairy products, which were most marked in case of cream, processed cheese, blue cheese, and buttermilk. The knowledge of these differences might help promote more focused action at the community level directed at increasing the overall consumption of dairy products in the population.
Simultaneous detection of peanut and hazelnut allergens in food matrices using multiplex PCR method
Authors: Renčová Eva , Piskatá Zora , Kostelníková Darina , Tremlová Bohuslava
Published: May 2015

Multiplex PCR analysis for the detection of two targeting segments of genes coding major food protein allergens as peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Ara h 1 gene and hazelnut (Corylus avellana) Cor a 1 gene was developed. Two sets of primers were designed and tested to their specificity on a broad range of ingredients. The identity of amplicons (Ara h 1- 180 bp, Cor a 1 – 258 bp) by sequencing and alignment of sequences with sequences deposited in Genbank was confirmed. When testing the specificity of designed primer pairs on a spectrum of food ingredients, no cross reactions were detected. A potential inhibition of PCR reaction was eliminated using the universal plant primers of chloroplast gene 124 bp for the plant matrices confirmation. The intrinsic detection limit was 10 pg·ml-1 and the practical detection limit was 0.001% w/w (10 mg·kg-1) for both peanuts and hazelnuts. The method was applied to the investigation of 60 commercial food samples. The developed multiplex PCR method is cheap, specific and sensitive enough and can be used as a simple, one day procedure for the checking of undeclared peanut and hazelnut major allergens in food.
Adulteration of honey and available methods for detection – a review
Authors: Zábrodská Blanka , Vorlová Lenka
Published: May 2015

Honey adulteration is a topical issue because increasingly sophisticated adulteration methods are constantly being developed and the official (legislative) determination of the quality indicators of honey is unable to detect most methods of honey adulteration. In addition, while the popularity among consumers is constantly growing, the worldwide production of honey is unstable. The aim of this review was to provide a current overview of methods suitable for the detection of individual methods of adulteration.
Iodine content in bulk tank milk samples in relation to dairy farm size
Authors: Vorlová Lenka , Hodulová Lucia , Borkovcová Ivana , Přidalová Hana , Kostrhounová Romana , Klimešová-Vyletělová Marcela , Šustová Květoslava
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to compare the iodine content in raw milk from organic and conventional dairy farms of different sizes. Milk samples were collected between 2012 and 2013, and the iodine content was determined by a Sandell-Kolthoff reaction after dry alkaline digestion of the milk samples. Comparing the iodine content in raw milk samples from small sized dairy farms (116.76 ± 46.29 μg/l) and large sized dairy farms (173.70 ± 35.42 μg/l), a significant difference in iodine content was observed (P ≤ 0.05). The lowest values were found in small and medium dairy farms, 45.30 μg/l and 40.46 μg/l, respectively. High variability (112.92 ± 94.74 μg/l) in the iodine content was detected in raw milk from medium sized dairy farms. When considering milk samples from organic dairy farms (119.29 μg /l ± 40.37) vs. conventional dairy farms (136.55 μg/l ± 42.91), no significant difference was detected. These results indicate higher iodine content in milk from large dairy farms regardless of conventional or organic farming methods.
The implementation of problem-based learning in collaborative groups in a chiropractic program in Malaysia
Authors: Win Ni Ni , Nadarajah Vishna Devi V , Win Daw Khin
Published: May 2015

Purpose: Problem-based learning (PBL) is usually conducted in small-group learning sessions with approximately eight students per facilitator. In this study, we implemented a modified version of PBL involving collaborative groups in an undergraduate chiropractic program and assessed its pedagogical effectiveness. Methods: This study was conducted at the International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and involved the 2012 chiropractic student cohort. Six PBL cases were provided to chiropractic students, consisting of three PBL cases for which learning resources were provided and another three PBL cases for which learning resources were not provided. Group discussions were not continuously supervised, since only one facilitator was present. The students’ perceptions of PBL in collaborative groups were assessed with a questionnaire that was divided into three domains: motivation, cognitive skills, and perceived pressure to work. Results: Thirty of the 31 students (97%) participated in the study. PBL in collaborative groups was significantly associated with positive responses regarding students’ motivation, cognitive skills, and perceived pressure to work (P<0.05). The students felt that PBL with learning resources increased motivation and cognitive skills (P<0.001). Conclusion: The new PBL implementation described in this study does not require additional instructors or any additional funding. When implemented in a classroom setting, it has pedagogical benefits equivalent to those of small-group sessions. Our findings also suggest that students rely significantly on available learning resources.
Extracellular Adenosine Generation in the Regulation of Pro-Inflammatory Responses and Pathogen Colonization
Authors: Alam M. , Costales Matthew , Cavanaugh Christopher , Williams Kristina
Published: May 2015

Adenosine, an immunomodulatory biomolecule, is produced by the ecto-enzymes CD39 (nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase) and CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) by dephosphorylation of extracellular ATP. CD73 is expressed by many cell types during injury, infection and during steady-state conditions. Besides host cells, many bacteria also have CD39-CD73-like machinery, which helps the pathogen subvert the host inflammatory response. The major function for adenosine is anti-inflammatory, and most recent research has focused on adenosine’s control of inflammatory mechanisms underlying various autoimmune diseases (e.g., colitis, arthritis). Although adenosine generated through CD73 provides a feedback to control tissue damage mediated by a host immune response, it can also contribute to immunosuppression. Thus, inflammation can be a double-edged sword: it may harm the host but eventually helps by killing the invading pathogen. The role of adenosine in dampening inflammation has been an area of active research, but the relevance of the CD39/CD73-axis and adenosine receptor signaling in host defense against infection has received less attention. Here, we review our recent knowledge regarding CD73 expression during murine Salmonellosis and Helicobacter-induced gastric infection and its role in disease pathogenesis and bacterial persistence. We also explored a possible role for the CD73/adenosine pathway in regulating innate host defense function during infection.