bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PROGRAM WAJIB BELAJAR 12 TAHUN DI KOTA DEPOK JAWA BARAT
Authors: Elyasa Elyasa
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine how the implementation of the policy of compulsory education to twelve years in the city of Depok, West Java (Case Study On Education Level Senior High School). This study is a qualitative study using a Discrepancy Evaluation Model (DEM). This research was conducted in the scope of Depok City Department of Education in 2015 until 2016, data were collected through interviews, observation and documents. Data were analyzed with descriptive qualitative. Components of the evaluation in this study, among others; evaluation of all aspects of planning, evaluation aspects of the implementation,and evaluation results. The result showed that the policy of compulsory education to twelve years in the city of Depok positive impact, because it is able to suppress the school dropout (APS) rate to 0.1%, and increase the participation and coarse (APK) 65,86% and the net enrollment (APM) rate of 37,57%.
KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH ( Studi Kasus di SMP Kolese Kanisius Jakarta )
Authors: Kurniawan Yohanes Andhi
Published: January 2022

The objective of this research was to understand and to get picture of organizational communication, decision making and reward that used by School Principal at Canisius College Junior High School Jakarta.

The data were collected through participant observation using interview, observation, document study and recording. The data analysis and interpretation indicates that (1) the interpersonal communication system is a main communication system, social networking and electronic communication become the main support in developing the communication. The communication  that occurs such as oral, written and  nonverbal communication which is applied in Downward communication nor Upward communication, (2) Decision was taken as a programmed and nonprogrammed decisions. The programmed decisions is the main task of a school leader and the nonprogrammed decisions is  the strategic policy that taken to achieving the goal of the school which refers to the schools vision and mission, (3) The awarding highly prioritized both the intrinsic reward and extrinsic reward so that the teachers, staff and students feel very appreciated. It will always provide the best work for the school.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN SUPERVISION TERHADAP KINERJA GURU SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS (SMA) NEGERI KABUPATEN DOGIAYI PAPUA
Authors: Tebai Adolvina
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to know the effect of leadership and supervision toward teacherâ€™s job performance senior high school at regency of Dogiyai Papua. The research was conducted using survey method with quantitative approach and path analysis technique. The population of this research is 75 teachers. Research samples selected as much as 63 teachers using simple random sampling technique. The data obtained through questionnaires and analyzed using path analysis techniques. Based on the results of data analysis in this research it is concluded: (1) the leadership have positive direct effect to job performance; (2) the supervision have positive direct effect to job performance; (3) the leadership have positive direct effect to supervision. The job performance can be improved through improvement of of leadership and supervision.
PENGARUH KEPRIBADIAN DAN KERJASAMA TIM TERHADAP KINERJA INSTRUKTUR RUMAH SAKIT PENDIDIKAN (TEACHING HOSPITAL) DI KOTA JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Wanty Seny Herna
Published: January 2022

The objective of the research is to find out the effect of personality and teamwork on instructorâ€™s job performance. This research was conducted at Teaching Hospital in East Jakarta. This research was using a survey method with path analysis applied in testing hypothesis and 67 samples selected by simple random sampling. The research technique is analysis with quantitative research approaches by using causal analysis. The finding of the research are: (1) there is a positive direct effect of personality on job performance; (2)  ) there is a positive direct effect of teamwork on job performance; (3) ) there is a positive direct effect of personality on teamwork.
PENGARUH BEBAN KERJA DAN BURNOUT (KEJENUHAN KERJA) TERHADAP INTENSI TURNOVER GURU SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA DI SEKOLAH BERCIRIKAN AGAMA BUDDHA DI DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Darma Widia
Published: January 2022

The objective of the research is find out the effet of workload and burnout on the teacherâ€™s intention turnover.the research was conducted at Buddhist junior high school in Jakarta.  The research  was using a survey method with path analysis applied in the hypothesis and 92 sample selected by simple random sampling. The research techniques is analysis with quantitative research approaches by using causal analysis. The finding of the research are: 1) there is a positive direct effect of workload on turnover intention; 2) there is a positive direct effect of burnout on turnover intention; 3) there is a positive direct effect of workload on burnout.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN KOMITMEN KEPALA SEKOLAH TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS GURU MTS AN-NUQAYAH GULUK-GULUK SUMENEP
Authors: Hayatie Noer
Published: January 2022

For attainment of vision, mission and mandate of the school organization, teachersâ€™ productivity is important as well as the style of school leadership and how commitment related to the strategic issues within the organization are made. This study aims to examine the influence of (1) transformasional leadership (2)  commitment, (3) teachersâ€™ productivity in MTs An-Nuqayah Guluk-Guluk Sumenep. This quantitative research used path analysis technique in data analysis. Questionnaires were sampled to a total of 67 teachers in MTs An-Nuqayah Guluk-Guluk Sumenep using Slovin formula. The results showed that: first, there are positive influence between the transformational leadership and productivity of teachers in schools. Secondly, there is a positive effect between commitment and productivity of teachers in schools. Third , there is a positive effect between the transformational leadership and commitment in MTs An-Nuqayah Guluk-Guluk Sumenep .
PENGARUH STRES DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KEMANGKIRAN (ABSENTEEISM) PEGAWAI DINAS PENDIDIKAN, PEMUDA DAN OLAHRAGA KOTA BUKITTINGGI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Z. Day Husnul Alimah
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to know the effect of stress and job satisfaction toward the Authorities of Education, Youth and Sport of Bukittinggi, West Sumatera Employeeâ€™s absenteeism. The research was conducted by using survey method with quantitative approach and path analysis technique. The population of this research is 103 personnel. Research samples selected as much as 82 personnel using simple random sampling technique. The data obtained through questionnaires and analyzed by using path analysis techniques. Based on the results of the data analysis in this research it is concluded: (1) stress has direct positive effect to absenteeism; (2) job satisfaction has direct negative effect to absenteeism; (3) stress has negative effect to job satisfaction
PENERAPAN METODE USER-CENTER DESIGN (UCD) UNTUK E-COMMERCE INDUSTRI KREATIF
Authors: Fatah Doni Abdul , Yusron Rifky Maulana , Febrianti Irma Dila
Published: January 2022

Banyak sistem e-commerce dibangun yang ada berfokus pada bisnis, dengan fitur beragam namun tanpa melibatkan pengguna, sehingga belum tentu akan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna baik dari segi antar muka, usability, dan fitur yang ada, informasi yang disajikan, dan beberapa alur proses yang digunakan, karena faktor-faktor tersebut sehingga membuat user dapat juga merasakan kesulitan atau furtasi dalam menggunakan aplikasi tersebut, sehingga menjadi penyebab menurunnya produktifitas pengguna. Sehingga solusinya adalah dengan membuat aplikasi e-commerce yang mudah digunakan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna dengan metode User-Center Design (UCD) diimplementasikan pada UKM Komoditas pangan lokal Madura diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak positif dalam mempermudah proses jual beli serta dapat meningkatkan persaingan bisnis untuk memasarkan berbagai macam produk atau jasa. Penerapan metode UCD menggunakan empat proses Specify the context of use, Specify User and Organizational Requirements, Produce Design Solutions dan Evaluate designs against user requirements. Untuk pengujiannya dilakukan menggunakan Functionality dengan metode black box, untuk usability menggunakan USE Queissionaire skala Likert 1 s.d 7 dengan 30 pertayaan, pengujian dilakukan dengan melibatkan pengguna sebanyak 10 orang terdiri 5 pelaku usaha dan 5 calon konsumen, hasil pengujian Functionality menunjukan hasil bagus karena sistem bekerja sesuai dengan fungsinya tanpa ada kendala, sedangkan pengujian usability USE Queissionaire pada  front end mendapat nilai Usefulness 6.075, Ease of Use 6.236, Ease of Learning 6.30, dan Satisfaction 6.485, sedangkan pengujian pada back end untuk Usefulness 6.475, Ease of Use 6.563, Ease of Learning 6.60, dan Satisfaction 6.542, sehingga sistem secara umum baik karena masih berada pada nilai rata-rata 6 ke atas.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Collective Decisions for Maintenance-Rehabilitation Works of Water Pipelines Using a Qualitative Risk-based Group Decision-Making Model
Authors: Salehi Sattar , Khiavi Kaveh Nezam , Danesh Mohammadreza , Mehrdad Morteza , Shalpoosh Hamid , Azariun Esmat , Khalaji Reza , Khalilian Hossein , Shafighi Abbas
Published: January 2022

Among the most important decisions in water companies are planning the Maintenance-Rehabilitation Works (MRWs) of water pipelines. Since the MRWs are costly, it is essential to use the collective decisions of an expert team for planning these works. However, the effectiveness of these group decisions is not very clear and has been less considered in previous studies. Hence, the main objective of this research is to assess the effectiveness of these collective decisions. For this purpose, the MRWs of water pipes are determined based on two methods. In the first, the collective decision of experts is omitted, and in the second one, these decisions are considered. Finally, the results obtained from these methods are compared. The method used in this work for collective decisions is based on the nominal group technique. Furthermore, since there is deep uncertainty in water network data as well as hesitation in the group decisions, a qualitative (fuzzy) risk-based group decision-making model is developed in this research. The water pipelines studied in this work, as the case study, are addressed to pipes, which have been proposed by water companies in the six provinces of Iran. The MRWs of these pipes are determined, first, using the collective decision of 76 experts in these water companies; and then, without this group decision making. The results of comparing these methods indicated that group decisions do not have a significant effect on prioritizing water pipelines for the MRWs. While, in determining the renovation strategies of pipes, the viewpoints of experts could have a decisive effect on the results. Furthermore, it was found that increasing the number of decision criteria could lead to more realistic results; whereas, the number of assessed pipelines as well as the number of decision makers does not have an obvious effect on the results.
Coupled Sharp-interface and Density Dependent Model for Simultaneous Optimization of Production Well Locations and Pumping in Coastal Aquifer
Authors: Dey Subhajit , Prakash Om
Published: January 2022

The main management challenge in coastal aquifers is to prevent saltwater intrusion, still ensuring ample supply of freshwater. Saltwater intrusion happens due to unregulated pumping from production wells. Therefore, it is essential to have effective management policy, which ensures the requisite amount of freshwater to be withdrawn from coastal aquifers without causing saltwater intrusion. To achieve these conflicting objectives, a methodology for optimizing production well locations and maximizing pumping from production wells is presented. Location of pumping wells directly affects the amount of freshwater that can be pumped out of costal aquifer. Simultaneous optimization of production well locations and pumping from the same is achieved by linking mathematical simulation models with optimization algorithm. A new methodology using coupled sharp-interface and density dependent simulation models is developed to find optimal well locations and optimize the amount of freshwater pumped from the coastal aquifer. The sharp-interface model is linked with Simulated Annealing to solve this constrained optimization problem. In the next step, density dependent model is used to improve the outcome of sharp-interface model. The process is iterated until the results of the sharp-interface mimic the results of density dependent model which is more realistic, as it considers both advection and dispersion phenomenon. The performance of the developed methodology is evaluated for saltwater intrusion in coastal city of Puri, India. The performance evaluation results show the applicability of the developed methodology for management of saltwater intrusion while maximizing freshwater pumping in coastal aquifers under constraints of well location.
Using Machine Learning to Identify At-risk Students in an Introductory Programming Course at a Two-year Public College
Authors: Cooper Cameron I.
Published: January 2022

Nationally, more than one-third of students enrolling in introductory computer science programming courses (CS101) do not succeed. To improve student success rates, this research team used supervised machine learning to identify students who are “at-risk” of not succeeding in CS101 at a two-year public college. The resultant predictive model accurately identifies \(\approx\)99% of “at-risk” students in an out-of-sample test data set. The programming instructor piloted the use of the model’s predictive factors as early alert triggers to intervene with individualized outreach and support across three course sections of CS101 in fall 2020. The outcome of this pilot study was a 23% increase in student success and a 7.3 percentage point decrease in the DFW rate. More importantly, this study identified academic, early alert triggers for CS101. Specifically, the first two graded programs are of paramount importance for student success in the course.
Evaluating A Broad Scope of Transboundary Water Sharing Benefits With Hydro-Economic Modelling
Authors: Hossen Mohammad Abul , Connor Jeffery D , Ahammed Faisal
Published: January 2022

There are more than 260 transboundary river basins in the world which cover nearly half of the Earth’s surface. These rivers, traversing around 145 countries, are a common cause of conflict between nations. The case study selected for this study is the Teesta River, a tributary to the Brahmaputra which flows from India to Bangladesh, where water sharing between India and Bangladesh has a long and disputed history. The model quantifies economic net benefit of opportunities to share water between the countries using a Hydro-Economic Model (HEM). Whilst HEMs exist for many transboundary river basins including the Nile Basin, the Ganges Basin, the Mekong, Volta, and Amu Darya, most HEMs that treat transboundary water issues consider a limited scope of water values most frequently including: agriculture, hydropower, and municipal water uses. However, water has many additional values including navigation, environment, fisheries, and water quality. This study adds to the HEM literature by considering a wider range of benefits than have commonly been included in HEM assessments of transboundary water sharing in the past. Results show that a re-allocation scenario with more water flowing over the border from India to Bangladesh leads to an overall annual basin-wide gain. The estimated loss for India (mostly lost hydropower value) would be substantially greater if non-extractive flow related benefits for fisheries, navigation, sediment transport and environment were not accounted for. Similarly, estimated gain for Bangladesh would be much less if these non-extractive flow related benefits were ignored.
A Study on the Influence of Synoptic-Scale Flows on Sea Breeze During Wintertime in the Coastal Zone Near Visakhapatnam, India
Authors: Kumar N.V.P. Kiran , Jagadeesh K. , Niranjan K.
Published: January 2022

The present study focuses on the influence of prevailing winds (like onshore, offshore and alongshore) on sea breeze flow over the coastal station Visakhapatnam (17.7 ° N, 83.3 ° E). The database consists of sodar observation relative to 58 sea breeze occurred during the winter season (December 2011-February 2012). Results show that the strength of sea breeze are modulated by the large-scale wind flow and show substantial changes between offshore, along-shore and onshore. The role of thermal forcing on the breeze circulation was investigated. Results show that temperature difference between land and sea (ΔT) is larger for offshore and along-shore when compared to that of onshore flow. Results reveal that the vertical velocities show downdrafts and updrafts just before and after the onset of sea breeze. The depth of sea breeze is found to be higher (~220 m) for the offshore than onshore large scale circulation (~160 m). It is found that offshore and alongshore favours the delayed arrival of sea breeze compared to that of onshore. The statistical analysis of sea breeze circulation addressed in this work highlight the distinct behavior in the structure and evolution of sea breeze using high temporal and vertical resolution of sodar observations under different synoptic-scale wind flow. Such statistical results are sparse over the industrialised coastal zones like Visakhapatnam where air pollution is a major concern, as well as for better understanding on the vertical mixing of aerosols and trace gases, and air-pollution dispersal.
Associations of Smartphone Addiction, Chronotype, Sleep Quality, and Risk Of Eating Disorders Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hasan Hayder , Shihab Katia Hazim Abu , Mohammad Zohreh , Jahan Hafsa , Coussa Ayla , Faris MoezAlIslam Ezzat
Published: January 2022

Purpose

With smartphone addiction’s (SA) increasing prevalence among young adults, there is a growing concern about its adverse effects on distorted dietary and lifestyle behaviors, including disturbed sleeping and eating patterns. We aim to study the prevalence of SA risk, poor sleeping quality, evening chronotype, and eating disorders (ED) risk among university students in the UAE. We also aim to assess the associations between them, emphasizing the one between ED and SA risks.
Methods

In this cross-sectional study, a self-administered online questionnaire was disseminated using the convenience sampling technique. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Eating Attitude Test-26 items, and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version were used to measure sleep quality, chronotype, ED risk, and SA risk, respectively. Descriptive and analytical statistics were applied, and P< 0.05 was considered for statistical significance.
Results

Out of 552 students (mean age: 21.2±5.1 years), 71% had poor sleep quality, 33.9% reported evening chronotype, 37.9% had ED risk, and 56.2% had SA risk. The risk of SA was significantly associated with both poor sleep quality (OR=2.93; 95% CI: 2.01-4.29; p<0.001) and evening chronotype (p=0.005). ED risk was significantly associated with poor sleep quality (p<0.001), but not with chronotype or SA risk. Poor sleep quality predicted best ED risk.
Conclusion

High prevalence of SA, ED risk, and poor sleep quality was reported among university students in the UAE. Associations between poor sleep quality, evening chronotype, SA risk, and ED risk were further confirmed, along with sleep quality predicting risks of ED.
Does Government Intervention Affect CO2 Emission Reduction Effect of Producer Services Agglomeration? Empirical Analysis Based on Spatial Dubin Model and Dynamic Threshold Model
Authors: Yan Jinling , Yang Xiaodong , Nie Chunxia , Su Xufeng , Zhao Junfeng , Ran Qiying
Published: January 2022

Achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality is an inherent requirement for countries to promote green recovery and transformation of the global economy after the COVID-19 pandemic. As "a smoke-free industry", its agglomeration may have significant impacts on CO2 emission reduction. This study uses nightlight data to calculate the CO2 emissions of 268 cities in China from 2005 to 2017 and then employs dynamic spatial Dubin model and intermediary effect model to explore the impact and transmission mechanism of producer services agglomeration (PSA) on CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the dynamic threshold model is used to analyze the nonlinear characteristics of PSA on CO2 emissions under different degrees of government intervention. The findings indicate that: (1) Generally, China's CO2 emissions are path-dependent in the time dimension, showing a "snowball effect". PSA not only significantly inhibits local CO2 emissions, but also reduces CO2 emissions in adjacent areas through spatial spillover effect; (2) PSA can indirectly curb CO2 emissions through economies of scale, technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading, Heterogeneity analysis shows that there are significant differences in the impact of PSA on CO2 emissions in different regions, time nodes and sub-industries; (3) The impact of PSA on China's CO2 emissions has an obvious double threshold effect under different degree of government intervention. Accordingly, the Chinese government should increase the support for producer services, dynamically adjust industrial policies, take a moderate intervention, and strengthen market-oriented reform to reduce CO2 emissions so that the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality” can be early achieved.
The energy requirements of providing universal decent living in a ‘fairly’ unequal world
Authors: Millward-Hopkins Joel
Published: January 2022

Ecological breakdown and economic inequality are among the largest contemporary global challenges, and the issues are thoroughly entangled – as they have been throughout the history of civilisations. Yet, the global economy continues toward ecological crises, and inequalities remain far higher than citizens believe to be ‘fair’. Here, we explore the role of inequality, alongside traditional drivers of ecological impacts, in determining global energy requirements for providing universal decent living. We consider scenarios from ‘fair inequality’ – where inequalities mirror public ideals – through a ‘fairly unequal’ world, to one with a ‘super-rich’ global elite. The energy-costs of inequality appear far more significant than population: even fair levels increase the energy required to provide universal decent living by 40%, and a super-rich global 1% could consume as much energy as would providing decent living to 1.7 billion. We finish by arguing that total population remains important nonetheless, but for reasons beyond ecological impacts.
Energy, Exergy, Environmental Impact and Economic (4E) Analysis of ET-CPC-Powered Solar Domestic Water Heating System
Authors: Sharma Dinesh K , Sharma Dilip , Ali Ahmed Hamza H.
Published: January 2022

World energy demand is increasing continuously; consequently, the environmental impact forces towards utilizing renewable energy resources with efficient and optimized cost-performance conversion technologies. Therefore in this study, an analytical model is developed to propose the energy, exergy, environmental impact and economic (4E) analysis of the water heating system at Jaipur (India) with evacuated tube compound parabolic concentrator ET-CPC field of the total area of 81m2. The model results were validated with the experimental data, and a good agreement has prevailed. After that, the model is used to perform parametric studies on the effect of operating and meteorological parameters on the productivity and performance of the system. Moreover, the system’s performance, environmental impact and economic aspects have been investigated and compared under different meteorological conditions at four different locations in Rajasthan (India) using TMY2 weather data files. Results clarified that Jodhpur receives the highest solar radiation intensity from these four locations. Consequently, the results indicate the highest annual energy and exergy with the value of 79.72 MWh and 9.311 MWh followed by Jaisalmer, Barmer, and Jaipur. The economic analysis results clarified that the simple payback period ranged from 4.5 to 4.75 years and the discounted payback period ranged from 6.6 to 7 years based on a 6% discount rate. At the same time, the Levelized Cost of Heating (LCOH) ranges from 1.62 to 1.72 INR/kWh of heat compared to closest with CNG as fuel ranging from 4.39 to 4.41 INR/kWh for specified locations. The internal rate of return is reported to be 16.76, 16.82, 16.77, and 16.75% for Barmer, Jodhpur, Jaipur, and Jaisalmer respectively, and savings of 74400, 78125, 75371, and 73813 kg of CO2 emission to the environment.
Spectrally Efficient IR-UWB Pulse Designs Based on Linear Combinations of Gaussian Derivatives
Authors: Taki Haidar , Abou-Rjeily Chadi
Published: January 2022

Pulse design is critical for impulse radio communications, as it determines the transmission efficiency with respect to regulation spectral limits. In this paper, we propose the design of several novel pulse shapes relying on combinations of Gaussian derivatives with the target of improving the spectral efficiency. A general model for maximizing the efficiency of dual and triplet couplings is presented, employing the interior point global optimization algorithm. Then, the spectrum peak frequency is derived in closed form for any combination of two Gaussians with consecutive orders of derivation. The parameters controlling the time properties of the generated waveforms have been adequately adjusted to reach the best compliance with the spectral mask. Novel pulses have been investigated providing a high efficiency using simple generation mechanisms, which can be practically implemented via analog circuits. Results demonstrated the advantage of the proposed pulse shapes in terms of the bit error rate performance for 2 Gbps OOK and 1 Gbps PPM in AWGN and multipath channels.
Opportunities and Challenges in Delivering Remote Primary Care During the Coronavirus Outbreak
Authors: Kaufman-Shriqui Vered , Shani Michal , Boaz Mona , Lahad Amnon , Vinker Shlomo , Birk Ruth
Published: January 2022

Background: Social distancing and lockdowns were implemented during the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary care physicians needed to adapt quickly to deliver remote care/telemedicine. Methods: A cross-sectional, 47-item online Google Survey was distributed through the Israel Association of Family Physicians (IAFP) mailing list between March 31-May 5, 2020. The questionnaire included demographics, physician characteristics, and information on usage and perceived telemedicine quality. Sampling weights by sex and age groups were applied.Results: 159 primary care physicians (10.6% of registered IAFP members; 63.5% women; mean age 53.4±10.4 years and median professional experience 21.3 years) replied to the survey. The majority (59.7%) of the participants performed a mixture of in-person along with phone counseling. About 40% had no former telemedicine experience. The majority indicated that telephone and video formats were inferior to in-person consultation (68%, 57.1% online and phone, respectively). The overall counseling quality grade (on a 1–10 scale, )median (IQR)) was 6.2 (3) for telephone and 7(2) for video. While 66.9% reported experiencing no challenges, 10% had technical problems, 10% interpersonal problems, 5.6% scheduling difficulties, and 7.5% other difficulties. Majority of 56.6% physicians indicated they prescribed more antibiotics,16.4% sent more blood tests, 24.5% referred more to experts, and 49.7% referred more to imaging in comparison to usual counseling. Higher phone quality score was significantly associated with physicians who indicated not prescribing more antibiotics during the pandemic (OR=0.30, 95%CI 0.134-0.688, p=0.004).Higher online quality score was associated with physicians who indicated not sending more blood tests during the pandemic (OR=0.06 95%CI 0.008-0.378, P=0.003).Conclusions: Our findings suggest telehealth holds considerable promise for counseling in the primary care setting. However, interpersonal challenges raised by physicians should be understood in-depth to develop tailored training and further examine it in randomized trials while integrating patient-reported outcomes. Finally, further research on utility, cost, and cost-efficiency during remote counseling with follow-ups, medical prescribing, and additional referrals is needed.
Genetic dissection of stage-dependent dry matter accumulation in Maize (Zea mays L.) kernel
Authors: Liu Jianju , Yu Hui , Liu Baoshen , Xu Mingliang , Chen Saihua
Published: January 2022

Dry matter accumulation (DMA) in kernels is a fundamental requirement for high grain yield maize breeding and harvesting. However, the genetic mechanism underlying how DMA promotes the grain weight at different grain-filling stages is poorly understood. Here, with a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, we performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of DMA during the early and late grain-filling stages under three environmental conditions. Taking 0-45 days after pollination (DAP) as a minimum period to physiological maturity, we investigated the DMA before 45 DAP, designated DMA0-45, and found that 13 DMA QTLs are responsible for DMA0-45 and each could explain 7.11 to 23.64% of the total phenotypic variation. Of them, four QTLs, qDMA5.2, qDMA6.4, qDMA7.2, and qDMA9.2 were consistently detected in at least two of three field trials. For the DMA after 45 DAP, 18 QTLs were detected and they could account for 8.49 to 28.66% of the total phenotypic variation and only qDMA1.2 was consistently detected at Shandong for two years continuously. Since no common DMA QTL was found between the early (0-45 DAP) and the later (after 45 DAP) stage, it is speculated that the genetic control of DMA acts in a stage-dependent manner. Our results will be helpful to further decipher the genetic basis of grain yield formation and provide a sight for grain yield improvement in maize.
Locally adapting generic rubrics for the implementation of outcome-based medical education: A mixed-methods approach
Authors: Kondo Takeshi , Nishigori Hiroshi , Vleuten Cees van der
Published: January 2022

Background
Rubrics are frequently used to assess competencies in outcome-based education (OBE). The implementation of assessment systems using rubrics is usually realised through years of involvement in projects with various stakeholders. However, for countries or specialities new to OBE, faster and more simplified processes are required. In March 2019, Japan introduced nine competencies and generic rubrics of competencies for medical residents. We explored the local adaptation of these generic rubrics and its consequences for assessors.
Methods
The study followed three steps. First, we locally adapted the generic rubrics. This was followed by conducting mixed-method research to explore the effect of the local adaptation. In step two, we examined the correlations between the scores in the locally adapted assessment sheets for supervising doctors, and the generic rubrics. In step three, we conducted interviews with supervising doctors. The study was conducted in the General Internal Medicine Department of Nagoya University, Japan. In the first step, doctors in the Medical Education Center and other medical departments, clerks, and residents participated. Supervising doctors in the General Internal Medicine Department participated in the second and third steps.
Results
A locally adapted assessment system was developed and implemented in seven months. The scores of the generic rubrics and the adapted assessment tool completed by the supervising doctors showed good correlations in some items as opposed to others, assessed mainly with other tools. Participant interviews revealed that local adaptation decreased their cognitive load leading to consistent ratings, increased writing of comments, and promoting reflection on instruction.
Conclusions
This adaptation process is a feasible way to begin the implementation of OBE. Local adaptation has advantages over direct use of generic rubrics.
The Difference in Burden Experienced by Male and Female Caregivers of Dementia Patients in Lebanon: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mrad Zaki Abou , Bidikian Aram , El-Asmar Rudy , Hallak Razan , Khoury Dana , Tadros Bakhos , Timonian Michael , Mohamed Ahmed A. , Fakih Lina , Bazzoun Fatima Haidar , Chaaya Monique , Ghusn Husam
Published: January 2022

Background Studies have shown that dementia caregivers are inclined to sacrifice their well-being leaving them susceptible to an increased risk of anxiety, low quality of life, and depression. With the proportion of female caregivers being unusually high, most studies focused exclusively on the burden of care in female caregivers, resulting in a knowledge gap regarding male caregiver burden. This study aimed to assess the difference in the burden of care experienced by male and female caregivers of dementia patients and the association of burden of care with psychological wellbeing according to gender. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey of dementia patients’ caregivers from various locations in Lebanon, administered over the phone using structured questionnaires from February to April 2019. The population consisted of 50 females and 11 males' informal unpaid caregivers above the age of 18 in daily contact with the patient. The sample was conveniently selected and identified through two main non-profit organizations. The patient and the caregiver’s sociodemographic information were recorded. The psychological distress was measured using the General Health Survey Questionnaire (GHQ 12) whereas the burden of care was measured using the Zarit Burden Interview 22 (ZBI 22). Results A large proportion of caregivers reported a severe level of burden (41 %). Only item 17 of the ZBI questionnaire (Feeling of life loss control since relative’s illness) was substantially higher among females. Of the caregivers, 70.5% experienced moderate to severe distress, being significantly higher in females. The sex of caregivers was the only socio-demographic factor significantly associated with the burden of care. Female caregivers who experienced severe burden had significantly higher odds of distress compared to those with no or mild to moderate burden (adjusted OR=15.55). No association among male caregivers.Conclusion This study demonstrated that female caregivers experience a greater burden compared to males when assessed about anger. This could be explained by the different gender roles imposed by the Lebanese society on its members. Caregivers should be part of the holistic treatment of dementia patients since they represent an essential pillar of the informal care provided.
Positive feedback loops exacerbate the influence of superspreaders in disease transmission
Authors: Wanelik Klara , Begon Michael , Fenton Andy , Norman Rachel , Beldomenico Pablo
Published: January 2022

Superspreaders are recognised as being important drivers of disease spread, most recently having played a major role in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, models to date have assumed random occurrence of superspreaders, irrespective of whom they were infected by. Evidence suggests though that this may not be the case, and that those individuals infected by superspreaders may be more likely to become superspreaders themselves, hence creating a positive feedback loop. This could happen, for example, through superspreaders releasing high infective doses that cause high infection intensities in newly-infected individuals, which increases the likelihood that they, in turn, will become superspreaders. Here, we examine the effects of such a positive feedback loop on (1) the final epidemic size, (2) the basic reproductive number, R0, and (3) the peak prevalence of superspreaders. We show that positive feedback loops can have a profound effect on the outcome of an epidemic, even when the transmission advantage of superspreaders is moderate, and despite peak prevalence of superspreaders remaining low. We argue that positive superspreader feedback loops in different infectious diseases, including SARS-CoV-2, should be investigated further.
Diagnostic Accuracy Of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values Combined With Γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase-To-Platelet Ratio Parameters For Predicting Hepatitis B-Related Fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Feng , Ye Xiaohang , Lu Daoyan , Liu Xingxiang
Published: January 2022

Background: The accuracy of non-invasive liver fibrosis diagnosis based on the apparent diffusion coefficient value combined with the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio model to predict the degree of hepatitis B-related fibrosis has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of the apparent diffusion coefficient value combined with the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio for liver fibrosis grading.Methods: The data of 180 patients with chronic hepatitis B diagnosed by liver biopsy were analyzed.The apparent diffusion coefficient value, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio, as well as their combination were assessed in different cirrhosis stages using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to evaluate their value in diagnosing hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients.Results: We observed that liver fibrosis stages were inversely associated with apparent diffusion coefficient values (r=−0.691, P<0.001), and positively associated with the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio parameters (r=0.502, P<0.001). The area under the curve for diagnostic efficacy of apparent diffusion coefficient values, the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio parameters, and their combination for F≥2 liver fibrosis was 0.831, 0.749, and 0.858, respectively, and for F≥3 was 0.872, 0.771, and 0.903, respectively.Conclusions: Using apparent diffusion coefficient values combined with γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio parameters was better than using apparent diffusion coefficient values or γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio parameters alone (all P<0.01). The combined diagnostic tool may improve the accuracy of chronic hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis diagnosis, especially for F≥3.
Experimental observation of permanent magnet rotation
Authors: Tong Weiming , Chen Bihe
Published: January 2022

Why does the Earth rotate? At present, several theories on Earth rotation remain hypotheses. Hence, the aim of this study was to obtain experimental evidence of the relationship between the rotational force and magnetic field so that we can use experimental devices to demonstrate the rotation relationship among the planets and the sun. Each permanent magnet rotating under the action of an external force is installed on the shaft of DC motor; each magnetic ball designed to rotate in a magnetic field is placed in the center of a hollow sphere that can float on the water. Using the above setup, the experimental methods and procedures based on this research can be used to observe the rotation behaviour of a permanent magnet in a magnetic field, understand the reason for its rotation, and determine the strength of the rotational force of the permanent magnet in the magnetic field.
Identification, Molecular Characterization and Pathological Features of Orf Virus in Sheep and Goats in Punjab Province, Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Irtaza , Khan Muti , Aslam Asim , Rabbani Masood , Anjum Ahsan
Published: January 2022

Orf virus (ORFV) causes an acute, contagious, skin disease of sheep and goats which is economically important. The objectives of this study were to identify ORFV and to explore its pathological and phylogenetic profiles in 350 goats and 91 sheep of 14 districts of Punjab, Pakistan, from July 2020 to July 2021. Skin scrapings (total no of samples=441) of suspected animals were subjected to polymerase chain reactions, phylogenetic analysis and pathological observations. The partial length of GIF/IL-2 gene (408 bp) was successfully amplified in 58/441 samples. Phylogenetic analysis of GIF/IL2 gene showed that the study isolates belonged to ORFV-cluster I, together with the viruses reported in India and China. Pakistan ORFV isolates were shared 97.6-98.7% nucleotide and 97.6-100% amino acid identities with the reference strain (NC_005336). Moreover, Chinese ORFV-isolates were detected unique multiple amino acid substitutions (F11L, Q21H, D27N, I46V, N49S, N82D, D103N, S129G) with study isolates. Naturally infected animals were anorexic, emaciated, dull, and depressed. The macroscopic lesions included multifocal to coalescing, ulceration followed by proliferative papules, pustules, and crust formation on the epidermis of gums, lips, mouth commissure, muzzles, nose and udder. Histopathological examination revealed hyperplasia, anastomosing rete ridges formation and degenerative changes, including spongiosis and vacuolation of epidermal cells. Keratinocytes exhibited eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies with pyknotic and karyorrhexis nuclei. This is the first report on molecular characterization of ORFV from Pakistan, with insight into its pathogenesis and comparative analysis of pathological alterations and genetic diversity between ORFV strains reported in different geographical areas.
Verification of Effect of Acquisition Time for SwiftScan on Quantitative Bone Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Using an Anthropomorphic Phantom
Authors: Shiiba Takuro , Sekikawa Yuya , Tateoka Shinji , Shinohara Nobutaka , Inoue Yuuki , Kuroiwa Yasuyoshi , Tanaka Takashi , Kihara Yasushi , Imamura Takuroh
Published: January 2022

Background: SwiftScan (GE Healthcare) is a recently developed scanning technique with data acquisition during detector static and rotation. The influence of image quality using SwiftScan on quantitative bone single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) remains unclear. This study clarifies the effect of the acquisition time for SwiftScan on the image quality and quantification of bone SPECT compared to step and shoot mode (SSM) using 99mTc-filled anthropomorphic phantom (SIM2 bone phantom).Results: The coefficient of variance (CV), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), full width at half maximum (FWHM), and recovery coefficient (RC) of SwiftScan and SSM were recorded at various overall acquisition times (5, 7, 17, and 32 min) when the fixed reconstruction parameters (subsets 10 and iterations 5) were compared. The CV of SSM was higher than that of SwiftScan in short-time acquisition (less than 7 min), whereas the CV of SSM and SwiftScan are equivocal in long-time acquisition (more than 17 min). The CNR of SwiftScan was higher than that of SSM in short-time acquisition, whereas the CNR of SSM was equivocal or higher than that of SwiftScan in long-time acquisition. The FWHM of SSM (15.2–16.5 mm) and SwiftScan (15.4–15.9 mm) was almost constant when the acquisition time was 7 min or longer. However, SwiftScan (22.6 mm) and SSM (18.6 mm) showed high FWHM values at 5 min acquisition, deviating from the actual size (10 mm). For the RC of SwiftScan and SSM, was no evident difference between them was observed.Conclusions: SwiftScan on quantitative bone SPECT provides improved CV and CNR in short-time acquisition (less than 7 min) with quantitativeness similar to SSM. Therefore, using SwiftScan in clinical settings instead of the SSM scan protocol in short-time acquisition (less than 7 min) might provide higher quality diagnostic images than SSM. Our results would provide important information on the use of SwiftScan.
Combined α- and β-adrenergic receptor activation triggers thermogenesis by the futile creatine cycle
Authors: Kazak Lawrence , Rahbani Janane , Scholtes Charlotte , Lagarde Damien , Hussain Mohammed Faiz , Roesler Anna , Dykstra Christien , Bunk Jakub , Samborska Bozena , O’Brien Shannon , Tripp Emma , Pacis Alain , Angueira Anthony , Johansen Olivia Sveidahl , Cinkornpumin Jessica , Hossain Ishtiaque , Lynes Matthew , Zhang Yang , White Andrew , Pastor William , Chondronikola Maria , Sidossis Labros , Klein Samuel , Kralli Anastasia , Cypess Aaron , Pedersen Steen , Jessen Niels , Tseng Yu-Hua , Gerhart-Hines Zachary , Seale Patrick , Calebiro Davide , Giguere Vincent
Published: January 2022

Noradrenaline is the primary physiological regulator of adipocyte thermogenesis in response to decreased environmental temperature1. However, the molecular factors and effector pathways that lie downstream of noradrenaline-stimulated thermogenesis are still not fully understood but are purportedly driven by cAMP downstream of β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) activation. Furthermore, while the transcriptional mechanisms regulating Ucp1 are well-characterized2, the transcriptional regulation of UCP1-independent thermogenesis is largely unknown. Here, we show that brown adipose tissue (BAT) is primed to respond to environmental cold by triggering coordinated α-adrenergic receptor (αAR) and βAR signaling to induce the expression of thermogenic genes of the futile creatine cycle3,4. Using fat-specific loss-of-function models, we reveal that EBFs, ERRs, and PGC1α are required for the cold-stimulated transcriptional induction of the futile creatine cycle in vivo. Through the application of chemogenetics, we demonstrate that combined fat-selective Gαs (activated by βARs) and Gαq (activated by αARs) signaling elevates whole-body energy expenditure to a greater extent than either signaling pathway alone in a manner that is dependent on the key effector protein of the futile creatine cycle, CKB3. Moreover, genetic and pharmacological studies reveal that CKB is necessary for nearly all of the α1AR-stimulated component of brown adipocyte-intrinsic respiration and is thus critical for the full activation of noradrenaline-stimulated thermogenesis. Thus, the futile creatine cycle is integrated into facultative and adaptive thermogenesis through coordinated α1AR and β3AR signaling.