bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FUNCTIONAL AND COST ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMETRIC MODEL OF INTEGRATED LOGISTIC SUPPORT OF THE TECHNICAL OPERATION OF EXPORTED SCHOOL-INTENSIVE PRODUCTS
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Veretekhina Svetlana Valerievna
Published: October 2024

The author in the study defines the main goal of applying the functional cost analysis of the econometric model of integrated logistics support for exported high-tech products. The publication presents a practical example of the application of functional cost analysis (FCA). The informational, analytical, creative, research and advisory stages of the FSA are described. Mathematical modeling reveals the dependence of the cost and significance of functions. Econometric modeling reveals the most expensive functions. A scheme of functional relationships is presented. The application of the method of pairwise comparisons in the evaluation of the main functions of the econometric model is described. The method of solving problems of number theory with the help of tables is applied. The analysis of the calculated data of tables of pairwise comparisons is carried out. Mathematical modeling reveals costly and insignificant functions (overhead functions). Calculations of the indicator of significance of the function are given. The technology of "merger" or "acquisition" of an overhead function is described. A comparative organizational and economic assessment of the functional and cost analysis of the integrated logistical support for the technical operation of exported science-intensive products is given. The scientific method for studying the ILS processes of exported domestic science-intensive products is the econometric modeling of integrated logistics support (ILS) for the technical operation of exported science-intensive products. Functional and cost analysis of ILS is carried out in several stages: informational; analytical; creative; research, recommendation. With regard to exported science-intensive products, new demanded factors come to the fore: the efficiency of logistics support, optimization of technical operation. The author has reviewed scientific studies of foreign scientists-economists. The dynamics of the development of functional cost analysis and the improvement of the system of econometric modeling are taken into account. The author's study proved that mathematical modeling reveals the dependence of the cost and significance of functions. Econometric modeling reveals the most expensive functions. Using the method of pairwise comparisons, an expert assessment of the main functions of the econometric model is carried out. Mathematical modeling reveals costly and insignificant functions (overhead functions). Dynamic modeling is aimed at optimizing labor costs in terms of remuneration for the performance of each function.
INSTITUTIONAL GENETICS AND ITS POLYMORPHISM IN THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors:   Saratov National Research State University name after N.G. Chernyshevsky, Manokhina Nadezhda Vasilievna
Published: October 2024

Institutional genes and institutional genetics, as new and unusual concepts, can cause a diametrically opposite attitude of some researchers; this topic and direction of research will obviously be of interest, while others will cause a completely different reaction. Everyone can reflect in their own way. Within the framework of this article, the author puts forward and substantiates the position on the existence of institutional genes as a set of certain institutions that are inherited, transmitted from one type of economic systems (previous) to other types of economic systems (subsequent), have the ability to change. The aim of the study is the development of theoretical and methodological foundations for the analysis of existing institutional genes in the Russian economy, which involves the disclosure of their nature, species diversity, and their inherent externalities. As a hypothesis, the idea is formulated that it is institutional genetics that is one of the determinants of the modern economic development of Russia. The polymorphism of institutional genes in the Russian economy, including the institution of planning, has been revealed. Institutes of social protection and security, the institute of gigantomania, the institute of the shadow economy and the institute of dirigisme. The thesis about the presence of variability in the impact of institutional genetics on the development of various ecosystems, including the digital economy, is substantiated. Applied aspects are singled out - the use of acquired knowledge in institutional design and forecasting. Understanding the complex processes of institutional genetics makes it possible to substantiate new formats of economic policy - reliance on the institutions of planning and forecasting, collaboration of state and corporate institutions of social protection, support and reframing of the institutions of dirigisme and megalomania in the direction of developing and implementing real innovation processes, creating the institutional foundations of the national innovation system.
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF FACTORS OF MANAGEMENT OF CONFLICT SITUATIONS AT THE ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Vologda State Dairy Academy named after N. V. Vereshchagin, Sovetov Pavel Mikhailovich , Sovetova Nadezhda Pavlovna ,   Vologda State University
Published: October 2024

The implementation of the task of increasing labor productivity implies the need to develop a personnel management system. helping to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise. Hence the importance and significance of the effective implementation of the processes of interaction between workers and the relationship of formal and informal groups, substantiation of rational methods and techniques for preventing and resolving conflict situations. However, the systematization of the factors and conditions that lead to the emergence of conflicts in the enterprise is not carried out by management. The existing methodological approaches to the analysis of conflict situations involve the identification and conditionally quantitative measurement of the causes of the conflict and do not focus on the possibility of displaying meaningful signs of the formation of a conflict situation. the goals of organizing conflict management and approbation in relation to the specifics of the conditions and features of the functioning of an agro-industrial large-scale specialized enterprise. The focus is on the conflict situation as a manifestation of the production relationships of people, reflected by the peculiarities of their behavior at the enterprise. The role and place of the task of resolving conflict situations at the enterprise in the functional subsystem of personnel management, focused on achieving the goal of increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise, is indicated. The preconditions are revealed and the model of complex analysis and assessment of factors of conflict situations at an agricultural enterprise is tested as a tool for an analytical mechanism for managing conflicts, the effective action of which is possible with an established feedback scheme in the control loop. The result of the first stage of mastering the conflict management functionality is the possibility for management to implement methods for preventing and resolving conflict situations in the enterprise. Prospects for further research on the problem of effective organization of conflict management consist in the development of methodological support for the process of integration of information flows using digital technologies. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of a methodological approach to the analysis and evaluation of the functional content of the factors of a conflict situation and the target orientation of the organization of conflict management in an agricultural enterprise.
THE SYSTEM OF STATE SUPPORT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF RUSSIA: BRIEF RESULTS OF IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Center, Isaeva Olga Viktorovna , Krinichnaya Evgenia Petrovna ,   Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Center
Published: October 2024

The system of state support throughout the world is a significant tool for the participation of the state in the agri-food sector of the country. The production of competitive products in the domestic and foreign markets that meet all international quality standards, as well as the minimization of losses, requires the formation of a high-tech and innovative agro-industrial complex of the country. In this regard, the support of innovative and technological modernization of the industry, aimed at reducing the financial burden on farmers and stimulating them to increase the level of technological effectiveness of agricultural production, is especially in demand. To study possible "problem areas" and a general assessment of the effectiveness of certain areas and tools, the authors analyzed the existing system of state support for the agricultural sector. The state support subprogram is analyzed, aimed at introducing innovations and technologies into the industry, as one of the key areas of state regulation, which, through regulatory and legislative and financial regulation, contributes to attracting technologies to various forms of management. This, in turn, determines in the future the place and role of each category of farms in the development of agriculture, the production of high-quality and competitive products, ensuring the country's food security and access to international agricultural trading platforms. Brief results of the implementation of individual areas and state support programs are given. The results of the conducted research allow us to talk about the need to develop new effective tools and methods of agrarian policy, refine and improve existing ones, as well as make appropriate changes to the system of state support for the domestic agricultural industry that meet the realities of modern economic and geopolitical conditions of management.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE RATING ASSESSMENT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE REGION
Authors:   National Research Technological University “MISiS” (branch), Ilyicheva Elena Vyacheslavovna , Naydenova Raisa Ivanovna ,   National Research Technological University “MISiS” (branch), Ilyichev Ivan Sergeevich ,   National Research Technological University “MISiS” (branch)
Published: October 2024

In modern economic conditions in some regions of the country, there is a territorial inequality of the socio-economic situation at the level of municipalities. The quality of municipal government, from the point of view of the final result, is considered within the framework of its impact on the socio-economic development of municipal territories, contributing to the improvement of the living conditions of the population in various areas. The article presents the results of a rating assessment of the level of socio-economic development of municipalities in the Belgorod region. Currently, there is a growing interest in information about the socio-economic condition and development of municipal territories within the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. During the study, the methods of system analysis, the tabular method, and economic and statistical methods of analysis were widely used. Taking into account the data of municipal statistics, a set of indicators has been formed, on the basis of which the socio-economic development of municipalities is assessed. A scoring of the level of socio-economic development was carried out according to the data of 2020. On the basis of municipal statistics, intermediate tables were developed, taking into account the information received, the rank of municipalities in the region was calculated in the context of each of the criteria. To determine the rank, we used a scale from 1 to 21, which corresponds to the number of municipal districts and urban districts in the region. The lowest value of each indicator was assigned the lowest rank. Based on the data obtained, it is planned to implement a differentiated approach to the management of municipalities with different levels of socio-economic development, which will make it possible to determine priority areas and instruments of regulatory impact for each group of municipalities.
STAGES OF THE FORMATION OF A PROJECT-ORIENTED APPROACH IN AUTHORITIES
Authors:   Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Tazhitdinov Ilshat Azamatovich , Mak Nina Ivanovna ,   Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

At present, there are a large number of international and national project management standards around the world, and the corresponding methodology has been prepared in sufficient detail. However, in practice, during the implementation and further development of project activities in the public sector, there were some shortcomings, including the incomplete application of certain provisions of the methodology for one reason or another. In this regard, it became necessary to analyze the development of a project-oriented approach in government structures. A retrospective analysis made it possible to identify the main stages and their characteristics, which can be used in making decisions on the further expansion of the "tool box" of project management. It should be noted that during the period of implementation of national projects, which began in 2018 and continues to the present with an installation for extension until 2030, the most complete set of project management tools is used. These are network planning, personal responsibility, the creation of project offices and project committees, constant monitoring of the progress of projects, including the process of creating capital construction projects, working with risks, forecasting, creating a project team, approving uniform methodological recommendations, centralized coverage of project opportunities and results, creating information system for managing national projects and much more. The list of tools can and should be expanded, which will certainly increase the efficiency of government bodies in general.
DIRECTIONS AND FORMS OF INTERTERRITORIAL INTERACTION IN MACRO-REGIONS OF RUSSIA
Authors:   Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyaeva Alsu Garifullovna
Published: October 2024

Inter-territorial cooperation is one of the strategic planning tools aimed at strengthening ties between territorial socio-economic systems and reducing inter-territorial differences. The relevance of this tool is confirmed by the fact that, according to the Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, the organization of interregional cooperation is one of the five tasks of creating macroregions. The purpose of the study in this article was to study the possible directions and forms of inter-territorial cooperation within the macro-regions of Russia. The article clarifies the category of macro-region, its place in the hierarchy of territorial socio-economic systems, studied foreign and domestic approaches to its definition. Further, the essence and correlation of the categories "inter-territorial cooperation", "inter-territorial cooperation" and "inter-territorial integration", their subjects and goals are investigated. The approaches of domestic researchers to the identification of forms and directions of interregional interaction are studied, on the basis of which a classification of forms and directions of interterritorial interaction within the macroregions of Russia is presented. Such directions and forms as contractual (establishment of associations and conclusion of agreements), forms of information interaction (discussion of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of various aspects of socio-economic development), interaction in the process of developing and implementing strategic and territorial planning documents (strategies, state programs) , territorial planning schemes), financial forms of interaction (interbudgetary transfers and loans), interterritorial cooperation (in the form of participation of regions in the implementation of national projects and government programs, infrastructure and innovative interregional projects). Examples of these forms of inter-territorial interaction and the problems of their implementation are presented.
ANALYSIS OF THE DANISH EXPERIENCE IN COMBATING CORRUPTION IN CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES
Authors:   Perm State National Research University, Fazliev Ildar Nailevich , Trotsenko Vyacheslav Mikhailovich ,   Perm State National Research University, Astapkina Elizaveta Nikolaevna ,   Perm State National Research University
Published: October 2024

This article discusses the concept of corruption and the main ways of combating the Scandinavian state of Denmark with corruption offenses in the customs authorities. The fight against corruption offenses in the system of state bodies has been conducted since ancient times, which is an indicator of how much corruption is a complex phenomenon that penetrates into the heart of every state with its roots. The most important thing is that knowledge of weak points in legislation, as well as the manifestation of cunning, are the main corrupt practices of civil servants. For 10 years, Denmark has been the leader among countries in the corruption perception index of the Transparency International–Russia rating. Customs authorities are one of the main parts of state power, a kind of "checkpoint" of the country, through which a sufficient number of citizens of different countries and various goods pass. A certain approach to the prevention of corruption crimes in the customs authorities and the entire state structure indicates a high level of work on the moral foundations and social characteristics of the state. The article examines the structural component of the Danish anti-corruption legislation with its own understanding of regulation and control, as well as the presence of strict official functional frameworks, as well as a certain individual approach to the purity of the material approach of officials and the formation of a position of openness to society, which creates a fully workable system to combat corruption and stability in the economic sphere. This experience in combating corruption can become a kind of impetus for improving the system for preventing this act in many countries, including the Russian Federation.
STRUCTURAL ISSUES OF MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Economics, Bonyushko Natalia Anatolievna , Semchenko Angelika Akhmedzhanovna ,   St. Petersburg State University of Economics
Published: October 2024

In this article, the main topical, in our opinion, structural issues of management in the context of the digital economy are considered, the analysis of the impact of new realities on this process is carried out, the main modern trends in training specialists in the conditions of modern development of digitalization are presented. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the fundamental attitude to the system of training specialists has changed in the conditions of the modern development of digitalization, which makes it possible to formulate requirements for digital competencies of personnel, digital specialties and their characteristics in the field of data management are considered. Currently, there is an urgent issue of revising management methods in the context of the emergence of new challenges associated with a change in approach to the fundamental concepts of the economic system. The structure and methods of obtaining knowledge are changing, which, in turn, requires the transformation of the system of obtaining educational services. In this regard, the article chooses the presented topic, analyzes the methods of research of economic processes related to the issues of changing the management structure in modern conditions of digitalization. The main objectives of the scientific article were: definition of structural management issues in the context of the digital economy; the study of the features of their implementation on the example of the educational industry in the framework of training a new generation specialist who meets the level of digitalization of a modern company; the study of the Russian experience of the process of the influence of the digital economy on the process of obtaining knowledge, professional development and development of new personnel. Attention is also paid to the development of management methods in the context of the digital economy in Russia, the authors identify the main structural issues of management from the point of view of a scientific approach.
ACCOUNTING POLICY: A TOOL FOR CONTROLLING THE FACTS OF ECONOMIC LIFE
Authors:   Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (branch in the Pyatigorsk), Emelyanova Irina Nikolaevna
Published: October 2024

One of the most significant directions in modern conditions of increasing the productivity and effectiveness of the organization's functioning is the optimization of the process of accounting data formation. The heads of large companies begin to understand that business success can be achieved only thanks to a competently built and efficiently functioning accounting data system. This requires, first of all, the formation of adequate methodological tools that contribute to the development of an effective organizational mechanism for creating useful, objective and adequate accounting data. The accounting system is a key component of internal control. Control is an objectively necessary component of the activity of any economic entity. Unfortunately, in most Russian enterprises and organizations, the internal control system is either not created at all, or is ineffective. This is one of the reasons for the large number of economic crimes. The whole range of internal control tools ensures that the organization achieves its goals and objectives. With the correct application of control mechanisms and methods, the risk of losses is minimized. The issues of competent organization of an effective internal control system are relevant for every modern enterprise and organization, regardless of the type and areas of activity. The article discusses the issues of building an internal control system. The theoretical aspects of the formation of tools contributing to the control of each fact of economic activity in the organization are investigated. Its formulation should be carried out taking into account the current requirements when building an internal control system, which involve reducing the negative impact of various factors on the efficiency of enterprise management. One of the instruments of internal control is the accounting policy of the organization, certain provisions of which affect the achievement of the objectives of the control-oriented accounting system.
IMPROVING THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF INITIATIVE BUDGETING
Authors:   Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Atayeva Aisylu Garifullovna , Yusupov Marat Azamatovich ,   Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

One of the ways to strengthen the interaction between the government and society, involve the population in solving local issues, and increase civic responsibility is proactive budgeting. The relevance of initiative projects increases in the conditions of increasing subsidization of local budgets and the inability to solve the current problems of local communities at the expense of budgetary funds. The article considers the organizational and economic mechanism for the development and implementation of initiative projects, which allows the use of strategic planning and initiative budgeting tools to solve local problems in the absence of other sources of financing. The mechanism is based on the integration of stakeholder and project approaches to management and the principles of participatory public management. Within the framework of the organizational and economic mechanism, a list of stakeholders of the territory, levels and functions of project offices at the regional level, levels of municipal districts and settlements are defined, and tools for information and methodological support of projects of local initiatives are proposed, taking into account the introduction of digital technologies. The project office at the regional level provides institutional design, methodological support and general control of the implementation of the program to support local initiatives. At the level of municipal districts, compliance with regulatory procedures, organizational and methodological support of participants, coordination of project managers of the third level is ensured. The third-level project office directly initiates and implements the project and implements the principles of the stakeholder approach, engages the population and local entrepreneurs in the actual work on the initiative project, providing an opportunity to lobby their interests corresponding to the strategic goals of the municipality. The mechanism allows to activate the participation of the population in local self-government, to introduce the technology of initiative budgeting in the strategic management of the municipality, to reduce the budget burden on municipalities in conditions of subsidized local budgets.
IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IN THE SARATOV REGION: RESULTS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarina Yu. A., Zemskova Irina Anatolyevna , Sevastyanov Dmitry Vladimirovich ,   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarina Yu.A.
Published: October 2024

The implementation of foreign economic activity at the current stage of human development is an integral factor of qualitative and effective economic growth of any country. Modern world realities with the constant growth of global tensions lead to the closure of some product supply channels, which forces us to look for alternative ways and ways to purchase the necessary products. In this regard, there are several possible options for obtaining such goods, some of which are the search for foreign contractors for the supply of sanctioned products through third countries, the search for new partners or the development of their own production within their own country. Each of them has its own positive and negative features, but with the combined use of all three, we can achieve maximum results. So, if at the moment the necessary products cannot be produced due to a lack of technological base, it is necessary to use foreign analogies. However, at the same time, we should strive to establish our own production of domestic products within the framework of the import substitution program, which will avoid dependence on foreign countries. The release of new products will not only replace foreign products, but also create new high-tech jobs, increase the inflow of investments through the opening of new production facilities, as well as bring the quality of domestic products to a radically new level through state support of key and most vulnerable industries. The conducted research was carried out in order to study the process of import substitution with a regional bias. In addition, the current situation, results and directions of import substitution development are analyzed on the example of the Saratov region. Statistical data confirming the importance of import substitution for the stable functioning of the state are presented and analyzed. It is concluded that the correct alignment of priorities for the development of the region will make the region one of the main centers for import substitution of certain types of products, where we are able to successfully compete with foreign products.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ON-SITE TAX CONTROL IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarin Yu.A., Ermakova Elena Alekseevna , Yakunina Alla Viktorovna ,   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarin Yu.A., Yakunin Sergey Vadimovich ,   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarin Yu.A., Semernina Yulia Vyacheslavovna ,   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarin Yu.A.
Published: October 2024

The assessment of the tax policy of the state and the quality of tax administration is determined not only by the level of filling budgets with taxes, but also by criteria for the effectiveness of tax control. Despite the systematic work of the Russian tax authorities to reduce the number of on-site tax inspections, the relevance of this particular form of tax control is increasing, since such inspections make the greatest contribution to the fight against tax evasion, increasing tax collection. On the quality and effectiveness of on-site tax audits. The article is devoted to the assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of on-site tax audits in Russia. The purpose of the study was to assess the current state and results of on-site tax control, based on the study of performance indicators of on-site tax audits in Russia. The indicators of tax control used to assess the activities of tax authorities are analyzed. The analysis was carried out in comparative dynamics over a ten-year period, which allows us to more accurately determine the role and significance of tax reforms in the field of control measures. In addition, the study was conducted not only for the country as a whole and in the context of a separate macroregion and a subject of the federation. The indicators of the number of on-site tax audits, including by subject composition, additional amounts, including for one audit and others, are analyzed. Despite the active use of a risk-based approach, there is an increase in the proportion of unsuccessful inspections. Systemic problems have been identified-beacons, focusing on which it is possible to adjust the Russian tax system in the direction of reducing the scale of tax offenses and crimes, as well as to improve the quality and efficiency of tax control.
THE ROLE OF INNOVATIVE FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF THE KRASNODAR KRAY
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Goncharova Natalia Alexandrovna
Published: October 2024

The article substantiates the innovative directions of development of the Krasnodar Territory. The significant factors of production of the region have been identified, the dominants of innovative development have been identified: agro-industrial and oil refining complexes, resort and tourist sectors of the economy, construction, transport and information technology. The sphere of processing agricultural products is actively developing. The progressive development of these areas is ensured by the innovation of technological solutions in these sectors of the economy of the region, with the active role of the entrepreneurial initiative of their implementation. The development of technological models is provided by fundamental science, which is based not only on the achievements of specialists from research institutes, but also on the developments of higher education workers who are better aware of the needs of their native land than others. The cluster formation methodology introduced into the sphere of determining the effectiveness of state business support is of great importance, which allows determining the need for development resources at the local level. Krasnodar Territory is the territory of business development in accordance with the strategic development objectives set for enterprises of various forms of business organization included in the solution of national economic tasks. The population of the Krasnodar Territory is a rapidly growing resource for economic development. A huge number of people living in the Krasnodar Territory – almost 1.3 million people – are included in the field of entrepreneurship. The indicator of the number of citizen entrepreneurs in the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses increased by 134 thousand people in 2023. This is an indicator that there are conditions for the development and promotion of entrepreneurship in Kuban. Representatives of the authorities of the Krasnodar Territory take an active position in helping entrepreneurs.
MODERN TRENDS IN PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Russian University of Transport, Panko Yulia Vladimirovna , Avdeeva Tatyana Viktorovna ,   Russian academy of national economy and public administration under the president of the Russian Federation, Kirikutsa Elena Gennadievna ,   First Moscow State Medical University name after I.M. Sechenov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

The 21st century, as the first twenty years have shown, is a century of global changes in human life, it is a time of high-speed changes in lifestyle, technology and opportunities for future transformations of society. For Russian business, the changes are general and special. The general trends are caused by the pandemic, as well as the processes of digitalization, humanization and greening of the economy and society. The special thing is connected with the sanctions pressure on the country's economy, as well as with geopolitical events and ITS own. Such external dynamics have been reflected in the rethinking of applied approaches and methods to personnel management on the part of both employers and employees themselves. Digitalization, constant uncertainty and instability, psychological stress of staff and growing demands on competencies are some of the parameters that determine the dynamics of personnel management in the modern business environment. A number of new and updated management techniques and methods in critical conditions have already shown their effectiveness and have become, in a fairly short time, standard and optimal for employers and staff, which indicates the realization of the potential of digitalization and flexible management methods. However, it is worth noting that solving certain problems caused by external challenges and the unwillingness of business to forced changes and restrictions have caused new difficulties in personnel management that have yet to be solved. The study reveals the features of the current stage of personnel management in Russian organizations, the vision of personnel management subjects for the ongoing changes and possible prospects. In addition, trends are summarized and prospects for personnel management of Russian organizations are highlighted.
DEVELOPMENT AND FEATURES OF FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITY OF RUSSIAN REGIONS IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Sadokhina Tatyana Sergeevna , Litvintsev Alexey Vyacheslavovich ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: October 2024

The article examines in detail the issues of diversification of export and import operations of the regions, as well as their adaptation to changing global markets. This article highlights the current aspects of foreign trade activities of Russian regions in the modern conditions of global transformations of the world economy. The main focus is on the dynamics of changes in export and import operations, as well as on strategies of foreign economic relations in the context of sanctions policy. The authors present an analytical review of the impact of global trends on the Russian economy, highlighting key points in the development of foreign trade flows in a regional context. The article is aimed at analyzing the features and optimization of trade and economic relations in Russia in modern development. The study identifies strategic aspects that contribute to adaptation to the new realities of the global economy. The main tasks include an overview of current trends in the global economy, studying the impact of sanctions on the foreign trade activities of Russian regions, identifying the characteristics of foreign trade flows, and proposing strategic directions for optimizing foreign trade interactions between regions. The study includes a review of the literature, paying attention to the works of such authors as R.I. Khasbulatov and O.Y. Trofimenko. The article examines in detail the issues of diversification of export and import operations of the regions, as well as their adaptation to changing global markets. The study identifies the features of foreign trade strategies, examines possible challenges and prospects for the regional economy. The main focus is on the application of modern tools and approaches for effective management of foreign trade activities in the context of dynamic changes.
PARA ALÉM DAS MARGENS: TERRITÓRIOS DA VIOLÊNCIA E DO MEDO E ESPAÇO SEGREGADO EM SOBRAL-CE
Authors: Freitas Antonio Jerfson Lins de , Sales Telma Bessa
Published: October 2024

Este artigo trata do processo de formação dos territórios da violência e do medo em Sobral-CE, município localizado a cerca de 230 km da capital do estado, Fortaleza. A partir de narrativas de uma moradora de um território controlado por uma facção criminosa e de um profissional da imprensa local (pequena seleção de fontes de uma pesquisa mais ampla), buscou-se analisar de que forma alguns conceitos caros à geografia, como território, territorialidade, espaço segregado, segregação socioespacial e fragmentação do tecido sociopolítico-espacial podem ser importantes ferramentas para se compreender o fenômeno da violência urbana. Autores como Rogério Haesbaert, Marcelo Lopes de Souza, Roberto Lobato Corrêa e Maria Encarnação Beltrão Spósito, entre outros, trazem contribuições fundamentais para que possamos refletir sobre o problema da violência não apenas como um fato social, mas também consequência das relações da sociedade com o espaço.
Impact of partial substitution of sand by compost on the mechanical and thermal parameters of concrete
Authors: Zaidi Halima , Bouadam Roukia
Published: October 2024

The study investigates recycling organic waste in Algeria due to the rising use of natural resources and energy in concrete production and the large amount of organic waste discarded. The aim is to use compost as a partial replacement for sand, reducing the use of natural aggregates in the concrete industry while also reusing previously discarded waste as part of a circular economy. An experimental study was carried out on concrete’s thermal and mechanical properties to determine the effect of partial compost replacement on these properties. Five mixtures were created by replacing sand with compost in different proportions: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%. Slump and density were assessed in the formulations’ original state. Mechanical tests were performed on the hardened concrete to determine porosity, compressive strength, and flexural strength. Thermal tests were also conducted on various types of concrete to determine thermal conductivity. The findings show that the texture of the compost reduced the slump, highlighting the importance of incorporating an admixture to achieve the desired workability. While meeting normal-weight concrete standards, concrete density was reduced. The mechanical properties of concrete with small amounts of compost were similar to regular concrete; instead, waste porosity improved insulation.
Restoration of load-bearing structures in a multi-storey residential building after a fire caused by military operations
Authors: Kramarchuk Andrii , Ilnytskyy Borys , Lytvyniak Oksana
Published: October 2024

This article presents the visual and instrumental investigations, along with the necessary engineering and technical decisions, for restoring load-bearing structures of multi-storey residential buildings damaged by fire due to war. It is economically advisable to replace and strengthen 20% of the emergency floor slabs and 16% of the load-bearing walls to allow residents to return to their homes as soon as possible. The temperature during the fire was determined using specific samples of damaged materials, building structures, and equipment, which allowed for a more accurate assessment of the damage to brick walls and prefabricated reinforced concrete floor slabs. The possibility of further use of the building was also determined based on a survey and necessary measurements of its structures, including the determination of physical and mechanical characteristics (crack width, flexures, concrete strength, brick grade, and mortar grade). The prefabricated reinforced concrete round hollow floor slabs had delaminated along the ribs between the hollows, showing sagging. The bricks had changed colour and were destroyed to a depth of 120 mm (internal walls were destroyed to this depth on both sides). Considering the extent of the damage to the load-bearing structures, it is recommended that the inter-floor ceilings, load-bearing walls, and partitions be replaced and strengthened. For structures that do not require replacement or reinforcement, the justification for their continued safe operation has been completed in accordance with the construction standards and regulations in force in Ukraine.
Organizational Transformation at Desa Berdaya Foundation (Lokadesa) through a Social Entrepreneurship Approach to Foster Local Entrepreneurs within the Framework of Achieving SDGs 8.3
Authors: Muhamad Alifya Ihya , Lubis Ratna Lindawati
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to explore the organizational transformation of the Desa Berdaya Foundation through a social entrepreneurship approach to foster local entrepreneurs contributing to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8.3. The social entrepreneurship approach is deemed relevant to enhance the sustainability and social impact of the foundation in empowering village communities
Research Methodology: This study employs a qualitative method that utilizes data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis.
Results: The research findings indicate that organizational transformation at the Desa Berdaya Foundation involves four main stages: reframing, restructuring, revitalization, and renewal. In the reframing stage, the foundation adjusts its vision and mission to focus on the development of the food sector as key to economic empowerment in villages. The restructuring stage involves the reorganization of the organizational structure to be more efficient and effective in achieving new goals. Revitalization focuses on enhancing team competencies through intensive training and mentoring in the agricultural field. The renewal stage involves the adoption of an integrated farming system to improve productivity and resource efficiency. This transformation has proven to be successful in creating an environment that supports the growth of local entrepreneurs. The improvement in competencies and strategic adjustments of the foundation have increased economic independence in the villages, aligning with SDGs 8.3, which focuses on promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all.
Recommendation: The research recommends ongoing evaluation of the implemented transformation strategies and strengthening partnerships with various stakeholders to achieve a broader social impact. This study contributes significantly to the literature on social entrepreneurship and non-profit organizational management in the context of village community empowerment.
A Survey of Backdoor Attacks and Defenses on Large Language Models: Implications for Security Measures
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Jia Meihuizi , Guo Zhongliang , Gan Leilei , Xu Xiaoyu , Wu Xiaobao , Fu Jie , Feng Yichao , Pan Fengjun , Tuan Luu Anh
Published: October 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs), which bridge the gap between human
language understanding and complex problem-solving, achieve
state-of-the-art performance on several NLP tasks, particularly in
few-shot and zero-shot settings. Despite the demonstrable efficacy of
LLMs, due to constraints on computational resources, users have to
engage with open-source language models or outsource the entire training
process to third-party platforms. However, research has demonstrated
that language models are susceptible to potential security
vulnerabilities, particularly in backdoor attacks. Backdoor attacks are
designed to introduce targeted vulnerabilities into language models by
poisoning training samples or model weights, allowing attackers to
manipulate model responses through malicious triggers. While existing
surveys on backdoor attacks provide a comprehensive overview, they lack
an in-depth examination of backdoor attacks specifically targeting LLMs.
To bridge this gap and grasp the latest trends in the field, this paper
presents a novel perspective on backdoor attacks for LLMs by focusing on
fine-tuning methods. Specifically, we systematically classify backdoor
attacks into three categories: full-parameter fine-tuning,
parameter-efficient fine-tuning, and no fine-tuning. Based on insights
from a substantial review, we also discuss crucial issues for future
research on backdoor attacks, such as further exploring attack
algorithms that do not require fine-tuning, or developing more covert
attack algorithms.
Study of Angle of Arrival Estimation with Linear Arrays of Simulated Rydberg Atom Receivers
Authors: Richardson Daniel , Dee James , Kayim Baran , Sawyer Brian , Wyllie Robert , Lee Richard , Westafer Ryan
Published: October 2024

Rydberg atom receivers have the potential to supplement or replace
traditional sensing technologies due to the high sensitivity,
electrically small packaging, and unconventional field detection
mechanisms they can provide. Given the importance of angle of arrival
(AoA) estimation for geolocation and the potential impact of these
technologies, more work is needed to understand the Rydberg sensor’s
impact on AoA estimation. While there have been many experimental and
theoretical efforts to improve the sensitivity and bandwidth of these
quantum sensors, few papers have explored the impact these technologies
will have on AoA estimation. This paper presents a numerical study of
AoA estimation using a simulated linear array of Rydberg atom receivers
consisting of vapor cells with laser-defined sense volumes. By utilizing
atomic physics and electromagnetics simulations, it is shown that
uncompensated atomic transient effects and RF dispersion in glass vapor
cell arrays can substantially degrade AoA estimation when compared with
a traditional dipole array.
«Non-conforming Pleasures»: Representations of Homosexuality in Casanova’s Histoire de Ma Vie
Authors: Scaramella Tommaso
Published: October 2024

Giacomo Casanova’s Histoire de Ma Vie offers an interesting perspective for exploring same-sex eroticism in the eighteenth century. Despite its reputation as a classic focused on heterosexual adventures, the Memoirs reveal references to sodomy and eroticism between same-sex individuals. This article aims to identify and place in the historical context traces of this theme within the literary source. It documents biases and captures shifts in sensibilities through Casanova’s firsthand account, delving into male homoeroticism, lesbian encounters, and the evolution of Casanova’s attitude towards male sodomy at a time when terms like «homosexuality» had yet to be defined. The challenge of anachronism is addressed by acknowledging that the absence of a specific terminology in earlier periods does not negate the existence of same-sex love and intimacy. Examining the representations of same-sex eroticism in Casanova’s Histoire provides insights into the historical contextualization of male subjectivity, the understanding of emotions, and the physiological-moral discourse regarding the body-mind connection, during a pivotal turning point in the history of emotions and sexuality.