bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the individual, social and environmental factors influencing dietary behaviour in shift workers with type 2 diabetes working in UK healthcare—The Shift‐Diabetes Study: A qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework
Authors: Gibson Rachel , D'Annibale Maria , Oliver Nick , McGowan Barbara , Forbes Gillian , Crayton Elise , Guess Nicola , Lorencatto Fabiana
Published: July 2023

Aim

To identify factors influencing dietary behaviour in shift workers with type 2 diabetes (T2D) working in UK healthcare settings.

Methods

Semi‐structured qualitative interviews based on the theoretical domains framework (TDF) were conducted with a convenience sample (n = 15) of shift workers (32–59 years) diagnosed with T2D who worked night shifts as part of a mixed shift schedule. The TDF was applied to analyse transcripts using a combined deductive framework and inductive thematic analysis approach. Identified influences were mapped to the behaviour change technique taxonomy to identify potential strategies to change dietary behaviour in this context.

Results

Key barriers to healthy dietary behaviours were access and cost of food available during night work (TDF domain: Environment Context and Resources). Factors identified as both enablers and barriers included: availability of staff facilities and time to take a break, (Environment Context and Resources), the physical impact of night work (Beliefs About Consequences), eating in response to stress or tiredness (Emotion), advance planning of meals/food and taking own food to work (Behavioural Regulation). Potential techniques to address these influences and improve dietary behaviour in this context include: meal planning templates, self‐monitoring and biofeedback, and increasing accessibility and availability of healthier food choices during night shifts.

Conclusions

The dietary behaviour of shift workers with T2D is influenced by interacting individual, socio‐cultural and environmental factors. Intervention should focus on environmental restructuring and strategies that enable monitoring and meal planning.
Macronutrient regulation in adult spotted‐wing Drosophila and nutritional impacts on susceptibility to three commonly‐used insecticides
Authors: Deans Carrie A. , Hutchison William D.
Published: July 2023

Nutrition provides the resources necessary to carry out all the physiological functions organisms require. This has important implications for insect pest management, as polyphagous species can experience considerable nutritional variability, which may impact their response to management tactics.

Many studies have shown that dietary protein and carbohydrates play a primary role in insect fitness and that insects regulate their intake of these macronutrients to reach an optimal balance or intake target. Importantly, this intake target can vary across developmental stages, gender, and environmental conditions as physiological requirements change.

In this study, we determined the intake target for adult spotted‐wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, an invasive polyphagous fruit pest. We found that adult D. suzukii regulate their intake to meet a 1:4–1:5 protein‐to‐carbohydrate ratio, which is slightly more carbohydrate‐biased than the larval intake target. We also examined the effect of nutritional state on susceptibility to three commonly‐used insecticides by rearing flies on diets with different field‐relevant protein‐to‐carbohydrate ratios and exposing adults to an LC50 dose of zeta‐cypermethrin, spinetoram, or pyrethrin.

Overall, female flies had higher survivorship than males, and diet effects varied across insecticides. Diet had no impact in the spinetoram treatments, while the extreme carbohydrate‐ and protein‐biased diets produced the lowest survivorship and reproductive performance in the zeta‐cypermethrin treatments. Survivorship increased with dietary protein in the pyrethrin treatments but reproductive performance did not differ across diets. Our results suggest that tactics, which reduce fly access to dietary protein sources, such as sterilisation, could increase fly susceptibility to insecticides.
Next generation sequencing in routine diagnostics of maturenon‐Hodgkin's B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Breinholt Marie Fredslund , Schejbel Lone , Gang Anne Ortved , Nielsen Torsten Holm , Pedersen Lars Møller , Høgdall Estrid , Nørgaard Peter
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Integration of molecular characterization of lymphomas in clinical diagnostics may improve subclassification and risk‐stratification, and we implemented a next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis as part of routine diagnostic work‐up of all mature B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (B‐NHL). Here, we present data of mutational profiles with potential complementary diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value detected in our consecutive non‐selected cohort of B‐NHL patients.

Methods

NGS results from 298 patients with both newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory disease were included as a single center study. NGS was performed as routine analysis together with standard diagnostic work‐up using a custom‐made amplicon PCR‐based multiplex NGS panel covering all coding exons and consensus splice sites in 59 genes.

Results

Mutations were detected in 94% of the 298 samples. Most lymphomas could be classified definitively, but 24 cases were classified as small B‐cell lymphomas without defining characteristics. Of these, 50% (12/24 cases) could retrospectively be assigned a likely diagnostic subtype according to mutational findings.

Conclusion

Implementation of a 59 gene exome sequencing panel added diagnostic value to 50% of unclassified cases and provided in 94% of the cases possible biomarkers for disease monitoring as well as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers for future studies.
Whole‐brain connectivity to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis calretinin‐expressing interneurons in male mice
Authors: Zhu Ke‐Wei , Tao Gui‐Jin , Huang Zhi‐Li , Qu Wei‐Min , Wang Lu
Published: July 2023

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a neuropeptide‐enriched brain region that modulates a wide variety of emotional behaviours and states, including stress, anxiety, reward and social interaction. The BNST consists of diverse subregions and neuronal ensembles; however, because of the high molecular heterogeneity within BNST neurons, the mechanisms through which the BNST regulates distinct emotional behaviours remain largely unclear. Prior studies have identified BNST calretinin (CR)‐expressing neurons, which lack neuropeptides. Here, employing virus‐based cell‐type‐specific retrograde and anterograde tracing systems, we mapped the whole‐brain monosynaptic inputs and axonal projections of BNST CR‐expressing neurons in male mice. We found that BNST CR‐expressing neurons received inputs mainly from the amygdalopiriform transition area, central amygdala and hippocampus and moderately from the medial preoptic area, basolateral amygdala, paraventricular thalamus and lateral hypothalamus. Within the BNST, plenty of input neurons were primarily located in the oval and interfascicular subregions. Furthermore, numerous BNST CR‐expressing neuronal boutons were observed within the BNST but not in other brain regions, thus suggesting that these neurons are a type of interneuron. These results will help further elucidate the neuronal circuits underlying the elaborate and distinct functions of the BNST.
Transcranial direct‐current stimulation confers neuroprotection by regulating isoleucine‐dependent signalling after rat cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Yao Xujin , Kong Xiangyi , Ren Jinyang , Cui Yu , Chen Songfeng , Cheng Jing , Gao Jingchen , Sun Jiangdong , Xu Xiangyu , Hu Wenjie , Li Huanting , Che Fengyuan , Wan Qi
Published: July 2023

Isoleucine is a branched chain amino acid. The role of isoleucine in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury remains unclear. Here, we show that the concentration of isoleucine is decreased in cerebrospinal fluid in a rat model of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury, the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). To our surprise, the level of intraneuronal isoleucine is increased in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia injury, the oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). We found that the increased activity of LAT1, an L‐type amino acid transporter 1, leads to the elevation of intraneuronal isoleucine after OGD insult. Reducing the level of intraneuronal isoleucine promotes cell survival after cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury, but supplementing isoleucine aggravates the neuronal damage. To understand how isoleucine promotes ischemia‐induced neuronal death, we reveal that isoleucine acts upstream to reduce the expression of CBFB (core binding factor β, a transcript factor involved in cell development and growth) and that the phosphatase PTEN acts downstream of CBFB to mediate isoleucine‐induced neuronal damage after OGD insult. Interestingly, we demonstrate that direct‐current stimulation reduces the level of intraneuronal isoleucine in cortical cultures subjected to OGD and that transcranial direct‐current stimulation (tDCS) decreases the cerebral infarct volume of MCAO rat through reducing LAT1‐depencent increase of intraneuronal isoleucine. Together, these results lead us to conclude that LAT1 over activation‐dependent isoleucine‐CBFB‐PTEN signal transduction pathway may mediate ischemic neuronal injury and that tDCS exerts its neuroprotective effect by suppressing LAT1 over activation‐dependent signalling after cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury.
Development of multisensory processing in ferret parietal cortex
Authors: Medina Alexandre E. , Foxworthy W. Alex , Keum Dongil , Meredith M. Alex
Published: July 2023

It is well known that the nervous system adjusts itself to its environment during development. Although a great deal of effort has been directed towards understanding the developmental processes of the individual sensory systems (e.g., vision, hearing, etc.), only one major study has examined the maturation of multisensory processing in cortical neurons. Therefore, the present investigation sought to evaluate multisensory development in a different cortical region and species. Using multiple single‐unit recordings in anaesthetised ferrets (n = 18) of different ages (from postnatal day 80 to 300), we studied the responses of neurons from the rostral posterior parietal (PPr) area to presentations of visual, tactile and combined visual‐tactile stimulation. The results showed that multisensory neurons were infrequent at the youngest ages (pre‐pubertal) and progressively increased through the later ages. Significant response changes that result from multisensory stimulation (defined as multisensory integration [MSI]) were observed in post‐pubertal adolescent animals, and the magnitude of these integrated responses also increased across this age group. Furthermore, non‐significant multisensory response changes were progressively increased in adolescent animals. Collectively, at the population level, MSI was observed to shift from primarily suppressive levels in infants to increasingly higher levels in later stages. These data indicate that, like the unisensory systems from which it is derived, multisensory processing shows developmental changes whose specific time course may be regionally and species‐dependent.
Do CEO career dynamics matter in environmental management? New evidence from the United Kingdom
Authors: Al‐Najjar Basil , Abualqumboz Moheeb
Published: July 2023

This study examines the impact of CEO career dynamics (including CEO tenure, CEO horizon and CEO seasons) on environmental management within the UK context. Unlike the previous studies that have primarily focused on corporate social performance, we instead examine these relations within the environmental management context. We posit and detect that CEO tenure has a positive nonlinear association with environmental management, indicating that CEOs' interest in environmental issues diminishes over time. We also provide evidence that CEO horizon has a positive impact on environmental management. Finally, as regards CEO seasons, we provide limited support that CEOs in their ‘convergence’, and ‘Response to mandate and experimentation’ stages are associated with environmental management. These results hold important implications for both firms and policymakers in the United Kingdom.
High‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging of acute intracranial artery thrombus
Authors: Zhang Zong‐Mu‐Yu , Si Qian‐Qian , Chen Hui‐Sheng , Yang Yi , Zhang Meng , Wu Shi‐Wen , Meng Yao , Li Ming‐Li , Lin Qian‐Qian , Liebeskind David S. , Huang Yi‐Ning , Xu Wei‐Hai
Published: July 2023

Background and purpose

The development of high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR‐MRI) has enabled submillimeter‐level evaluation of intracranial artery plaque and luminal thrombus. We sought to investigate the value of HR‐MRI in assessing the pathogenesis of acute intracranial artery thrombus.

Methods

We examined the presence of intracranial thrombus on three‐dimensional T1‐weighted HR‐MRI in acute ischemic stroke patients with intracranial artery occlusion on magnetic resonance angiography. We defined two thrombus‐related HR‐MRI features (peri‐thrombus plaque and distal residual flow beyond the thrombus) and analyzed their association with potential embolic sources.

Results

Luminal thrombus and a shrunken artery without luminal thrombus were detected in 162 (96.4%) and six (3.6%) of 168 patients with intracranial artery occlusion, respectively. Among 111 patients with culprit major artery thrombus, peri‐thrombus plaques were observed in 46.8% and distal residual flow beyond the thrombus in 64.0%. Patients with peri‐thrombus plaque had a higher prevalence of diabetes (44.2% vs. 25.4%; p = 0.037), a lower prevalence of potential sources of cardioembolism (0% vs. 16.9%; p = 0.002), and a nonsignificantly lower prevalence of potential embolic sources from extracranial arteries (9.6% vs. 20.3%; p = 0.186) than those without. Patients with distal residual flow beyond the thrombus had a lower prevalence of potential sources of cardioembolism (1.4% vs. 22.5%; p < 0.001) and smaller infarct volumes (5.0 [1.4–12.7] mL vs. 16.6 [2.4–94.6] mL; p = 0.012) than those without.

Conclusions

Our study showed that HR‐MRI helps clarify the pathogenesis of acute intracranial artery thrombus. The presence of peri‐thrombus plaque and distal residual flow beyond the thrombus favor the stroke mechanism of atherosclerosis rather than cardioembolism.
Catamenial epilepsy occurrence and patterns in a mixed population of women with epilepsy
Authors: Voinescu P. Emanuela , Kelly McKenna , French Jacqueline A. , Harden Cynthia , Davis Anne , Lau Connie , Ehlert Alexa , Allien Stephanie , Osterhaus Emma , Barnard Sarah , Jain Rishabh , Pennell Page B.
Published: July 2023

We evaluated the occurrence and distribution of patterns of catamenial epilepsy in a heterogenous cohort of women with epilepsy on no hormonal therapies, enrolled in a prospective, observational study. The primary aim of the study was pregnancy rate in women with epilepsy with no prior reproductive problems. In this analysis, we included women who recorded one or more menstrual cycles with one or more seizures. We measured progesterone concentrations for one to three cycles. We defined catamenial patterns as twofold or greater average daily seizure frequency around menstruation (C1), ovulation (C2), and for anovulatory cycles, from midcycle through menstruation (C3). Twenty‐three of the 89 enrolled women with epilepsy were eligible for this analysis; 12 of 23 met criteria for catamenial epilepsy; five of 23 demonstrated only a C1 pattern, two of 23 only a C2 pattern, five of 23 a combined C1/C2 pattern, and the one woman with anovulatory cycles did not demonstrate a C3 pattern. There were no differences in likelihood of demonstrating a catamenial pattern between those who reported a prior catamenial pattern and those who did not (p = .855). This analysis demonstrates the utility of app‐based tracking to determine a catamenial pattern. Larger prospective studies could confirm these findings and inform potential therapeutic trial designs for catamenial epilepsy.
Regio‐ and stereoselective steroid hydroxylation by CYP109A2 from Bacillus megaterium explored by X‐ray crystallography and computational modeling
Authors: Jóźwik Ilona K. , Bombino Elvira , Abdulmughni Ammar , Hartz Philip , Rozeboom Henriette J. , Wijma Hein J. , Kappl Reinhard , Janssen Dick B. , Bernhardt Rita , Thunnissen Andy‐Mark W. H.
Published: July 2023

The P450 monooxygenase CYP109A2 from Bacillus megaterium DSM319 was previously found to convert vitamin D3 (VD3) to 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3. Here, we show that this enzyme is also able to convert testosterone in a highly regio‐ and stereoselective manner to 16β‐hydroxytestosterone. To reveal the structural determinants governing the regio‐ and stereoselective steroid hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by CYP109A2, two crystal structures of CYP109A2 were solved in similar closed conformations, one revealing a bound testosterone in the active site pocket, albeit at a nonproductive site away from the heme‐iron. To examine whether the closed crystal structures nevertheless correspond to a reactive conformation of CYP109A2, docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed with testosterone and vitamin D3 (VD3) present in the active site. These MD simulations were analyzed for catalytically productive conformations, the relative occurrences of which were in agreement with the experimentally determined stereoselectivities if the predicted stability of each carbon‐hydrogen bond was taken into account. Overall, the first‐time determination and analysis of the catalytically relevant 3D conformation of CYP109A2 will allow for future small molecule ligand screening in silico, as well as enabling site‐directed mutagenesis toward improved enzymatic properties of this enzyme.
Influence of mean stress and pressurized water reactor environment on the fatigue behavior of a 304L austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Peng Ziling , Hénaff Gilbert , Le Roux Jean‐Christophe , Verlet Romain
Published: July 2023

Uniaxial strain‐controlled fatigue tests were carried out on a 304L austenitic stainless‐steel specimens in air at 300°C and in pressurized water reactor (PWR), without or with the application of a mean stress, at different total strain amplitudes. For strain amplitude no less than 0.2%, a deleterious effect of PWR water on fatigue life is observed, associated with the enhancement of both crack initiation and propagation. Besides, the fatigue life is reduced by the application of a mean stress for a fixed strain amplitude in a given environment. In particular, due to the acceleration of crack initiation stage by an enhancement of the plastic strain accumulation, the PWR water effect on fatigue life is re‐activated for strain amplitude below 0.2% in the presence of a mean stress. The fatigue life reduction under mean stress application is mostly related to the maximum stress level and strain amplitude, rather than the generated ratcheting strain.
TikTok and Bilibili as sources of information on Helicobacter pylori in China: A content and quality analysis
Authors: Du Ren‐Chun , Zhang Yang , Wang Meng‐Hui , Lu Nong‐Hua , Hu Yi
Published: July 2023

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is closely associated with gastric diseases and has a high prevalence in China. Public platforms are considered common and important tools to publicize H. pylori‐related information. This study aimed to assess and compare the content and quality of H. pylori‐related videos on TikTok and Bilibili.

Materials and Methods

A search was performed on the TikTok and Bilibili platforms using the keyword “H. pylori”. The source of upload was categorized as for‐profit organizations, general users, health professionals, news agencies, nonprofit organizations, and science communicators. The Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA), Global Quality Scale (GQS), and modified DISCERN scores were used to evaluate the quality of the included videos.

Results

A total of 93 TikTok videos and 79 Bilibili videos were included and analyzed. TikTok videos had a significantly shorter duration than Bilibili videos (64 vs. 149 s, respectively; p < 0.001). The duration of the video showed a positive correlation with the modified DISCERN and GQS scores (p < 0.001, r = 0.388 and r = 0.437, respectively). The JAMA and modified DISCERN scores of the TikTok video were significantly higher in health professionals and nonprofit organizations than in other sources (p < 0.05). For Bilibili, science communicators had a significantly higher JAMA score than the other video sources (p < 0.001). The videos uploaded by news agencies received more views, comments, shares, and favorites than any other organization or individual (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In China, H. pylori‐related videos from TikTok and Bilibili tended to provide the information regarding the transmission and eradication of H. pylori. However, many videos scored an average rating in content and quality and need to be improved. We recommend that the public obtain H. pylori‐related information through videos uploaded by health professionals, nonprofit organizations, and science communicators.
Patient, carer and family experiences of seeking redress and reconciliation following a life‐changing event: Systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: Shaw Liz , Lawal Hassanat M. , Briscoe Simon , Garside Ruth , Thompson Coon Jo , Rogers Morwenna , Melendez‐Torres G. J.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

We conducted a systematic review of qualitative evidence to improve understanding of the processes and outcomes of redress and reconciliation following a life‐changing event from the perspectives of individuals experiencing the event and their families.

Methods

We searched six bibliographic databases for primary qualitative evidence exploring the views of individuals who have experienced a life‐changing event, and/or their family or carers, of redress or reconciliation processes. This was supplemented with targeted database searches, forward and backward citation chasing and searches of Google Scholar and relevant websites. Title and abstract and full‐text screening were undertaken independently by two reviewers. Data extraction and quality appraisal were conducted by one reviewer and checked by a second. We used a best‐fit framework synthesis approach, drawing upon procedural and restorative justice concepts.

Findings

Fifty‐three studies (61 papers) were eligible for inclusion. Forty‐one studies (47 papers) were included in the synthesis, from which we identified four themes. Three themes ‘Transparency’, ‘Person‐centered’ and ‘Trustworthy’ represent the procedural elements required to support a fair and objective process. The fourth, ‘Restorative justice’ encapsulates how a fair process feels to those who have experienced a life‐changing event. This theme highlights the importance of an empathic relationship between the different parties involved in the redress‐reconciliation process and the significance of being able to engage in meaningful action.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the procedural aspects and context of redress‐reconciliation processes required to ensure that the process and outcomes are experienced as fair. These criteria may be applied to the processes used to investigate both recent and historical patient safety events.

Public Contribution

One member of the public affiliated with the Exeter Policy Research Programme Evidence Review Facility helped develop the review protocol. Two people with experience of medically life‐changing events provided insight which corroborated our findings and identified important limitations of the evidence included in this review.
Transition readiness of youth with co‐occurring chronic health and mental health conditions: A mixed methods study
Authors: Allemang Brooke , Samuel Susan , Greer Katelyn , Schofield Keighley , Pintson Karina , Patton Megan , Farias Marcela , Sitter Kathleen C. , Patten Scott B. , Mackie Andrew S. , Dimitropoulos Gina
Published: July 2023

Background

A large proportion of youth with chronic conditions have mental health comorbidities. However, the effect of these comorbidities on paediatric–adult transition readiness, and the relevance of widely used tools for measuring transition readiness, are unknown.

Objective

The objectives of this study were to describe and explore the transition readiness of youth with co‐occurring chronic health and mental health conditions using a combination of quantitative data obtained from participants completing the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) and qualitative data.

Design and Participants

A three‐phase sequential explanatory mixed methods design was employed, with the qualitative strand taking priority. First, the TRAQ scores (range 1–5) of youth with co‐occurring conditions (n = 61) enroled in a multisite randomized controlled trial were measured, followed by qualitative interviews with a sample of youth (n = 9) to explain the quantitative results. Results from both strands were then integrated, yielding comprehensive insights.

Results

Median TRAQ scores ranged from 2.86 on the appointment keeping subscale to 5.00 on the talking with providers subscale. The qualitative results uncovered the complexities faced by this group concerning the impact of a mental health comorbidity on transition readiness and self‐management skills across TRAQ domains. The integrated findings identified a diverse and highly individualized set of strengths and challenges amongst this group that did not align with overarching patterns as measured by the TRAQ.

Conclusions

This mixed methods study generated novel understandings about how youth with co‐occurring conditions develop competencies related to self‐care, self‐advocacy and self‐management in preparation for paediatric–adult service transitions. Results demonstrated the assessment of transition readiness using a generic scale does not address the nuanced and complex needs of youth with co‐occurring chronic health and mental health conditions. Our findings suggest tailoring transition readiness practices for this group based on youths' own goals, symptoms, coping mechanisms and resources.

Patient or Public Involvement

This study was conducted in collaboration with five young adult research partners (YARP) with lived experience transitioning from paediatric to adult health/mental health services. The YARP's contributions across study phases ensured the perspectives of young people were centred throughout data collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of findings. All five YARP co‐authored this manuscript.
Identifying knowledge practices in an infodemic era: Rediscovering the professional identities of LIS professionals in an infodiverse environment
Authors: Yap Joseph M. , Barat Agnes Hajdu , Kiszl Peter
Published: July 2023

The professional identity of librarians is established with regard to the current understanding of their knowledge practices. The global phenomenon of false and untrustworthy information circulating on social media platforms paints a new issue that librarians must conquer. Messages, content, news, and information on the web make it challenging for librarians to educate users as to where the sources come from and the need to evaluate for credibility and trustworthiness. During the pandemic, and with a surge of information disorders on social media, the World Health Organization recommended building resilience to misinform‐ation and engaging and empowering communities to take positive action. This research seeks to explore the relationship between professional identities and the participation of librarians in an infodiverse environment, specifically by exploring how Filipino librarians applied aspects of their knowledge practices to the evaluation of social media health information during the pandemic.
A dark side of conservation biology: Protected areas fail in representing subterranean biodiversity
Authors: Colado Raquel , Abellán Pedro , Pallarés Susana , Mammola Stefano , Milione Roberto , Faille Arnaud , Fresneda Javier , Sánchez‐Fernández David
Published: July 2023

Biodiversity conservation is a central imperative of the 21st century. Subterranean ecosystems deliver critical nature's contributions to people and harbour a broad diversity of poorly understood specialised organisms. However, the subterranean biome is still largely overlooked in global biodiversity targets.

We assessed how well subterranean biodiversity is represented in protected areas (Natura 2000 and Emerald networks) in two global hotspots of subterranean biodiversity (the Pyrenees and the Alps). For this, we used two comprehensive databases of terrestrial subterranean taxa, that is, leiodids (beetles) from the Pyrenees and spiders from the Alps, and identified priority areas in each region using both species richness and geographic rarity patterns.

Our results show the incapacity of surface‐protected area networks to represent subterranean biodiversity, as more than 70% and 90% of the identified priority areas (and 40% and 22% of the species) are not effectively covered by protected areas in the Pyrenees and the Alps, respectively.

These findings call for developing an urgent plan for subterranean biodiversity conservation within the European Biodiversity Strategy for 2030.
Treatment outcome of partial pulpotomy using two different calcium silicate materials in mature permanent teeth with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tzanetakis Giorgos N. , Koletsi Despina , Georgopoulou Maria
Published: July 2023

Aim

To assess the clinical and radiographic outcome of partial pulpotomy by comparing MTA Angelus and Total Fill BC, as pulpotomy agents, in mature teeth with deep caries and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis.

Methodology

The study was designed as a parallel‐two arm, double‐blind, randomized superiority clinical trial registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04870398). Symptomatic mature permanent teeth with deep caries fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomly treated using either MTA Angelus or Total Fill BC. A partial pulpotomy was performed and following complete haemostasis, the capping material was placed over the remaining pulp tissue and a postoperative periapical radiograph was taken. Clinical and radiographic follow‐up evaluation was performed for a median time of 2 years, whereas levels of pain intensity were evaluated preoperatively and for 7 days after intervention using Visual Analogue Scale. For the primary outcome (failure/success of treatment), the Kaplan–Meier survival curves for the capping materials were plotted and a log‐rank test for equality of survivor functions was applied. A multivariable random effects Cox Regression model was also applied. For the secondary outcome (postoperatively reported pain), a multivariable mixed effects ordinal logistic regression was structured.

Results

One hundred and thirty‐seven teeth in 123 patients underwent partial pulpotomy using randomly either MTA Angelus (N = 74) or Total Fill BC (n = 63). The percentage failure for MTA Angelus and Total Fill BC was 10.8% (8/74) and 17.5% (11/63), respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant [adjusted HR: 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68, 4.91; p = .23]. Weak evidence was found that secondary caries involvement may impose a 3.54 times greater hazard for treatment failure (adjusted HR: 3.54; 95% CI: 1.00, 12.51; p = .05). For each passing minute of procedural bleeding control, there was also a 57% higher hazard for treatment failure (adjusted HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 0.99, 2.48; p = .05). The odds for higher postoperative pain were 4.73 times greater for the Total Fill BC compared to MTA Angelus (adjusted OR: 4.73; 95% CI: 2.31, 9.66; p < .001).

Conclusions

Both materials exhibited similar and favourable outcome rates after partial pulpotomy in teeth with deep caries and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis. Total Fill BC was associated with a higher level of postoperative pain intensities.
Consumers left at the mercy of chefs for potency, consistency, safety and regulation—the edibles industry of cannabinoids—A critical review
Authors: Siddiqui Shahida Anusha , Bahmid Nur Alim , Asif Zarnab , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: July 2023

Fibre and bioactive cannabinoids are obtained naturally from cannabis. Till now, almost 144 cannabinoids have been found and more are being unveiled. Cannabinoids which are in natural or in altered forms are more exposed to light, oxygen and high temperature. The recent approval of cannabis legalisation has increased the cannabis application in the food‐processing industries. Studies regarding the safety and quality assurance of food systems of cannabis edibles are limited. Moreover, with cannabinoids, there are many other phytochemicals like flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans and polysaccharides. Within the matrix of cannabis, these polysaccharides are able to exhibit probiotic or prebiotic properties and also can improve the microbiome composition in the gut. Through the processes of metabolism and excretion, bioactive phytochemicals of cannabis especially cannabinoids can modify structurally during the enterohepatic detoxification and fermentation process of the gut. Edibles are now being used widely in food industries for consumer use. In this review, we discussed edibles in the food industry, their potential hazards regarding food safety and their future implementation. Furthermore, consumer perception and acceptance of the edibles products and the challenges involved in developing the edibles products would be discussed in detail in this article. By understanding the edibles, legislation, safety and consumers' willingness, edible food could be acceptable among worldwide consumers in the near future.

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Does training benefits lead to acquisition of livelihood assets and change in social status? Evidence from training of rice farmers
Authors: Issahaku Adams , Akudugu Aboko , Issahaku Ibrahim , Banayem Anamuweh Robert
Published: July 2023

Livelihood assets which are considered and recognised for their life‐supporting role contribute significantly and basically to the standard of living of people. These contributions as deemed more meaningful are considered necessary to farmers whenever an opportunity exists to diversify their investment. This study looked at how the benefits from increase in farmers' rice yield contribute to farmers ability to acquire livelihood assets to enhance their standard of living. A sample size of 265 from a population of 880 farmers trained by Japan International Cooperation Agency on sustainable rainfed low‐land rice production technology was used. The objective was to establish how proceeds from rice sale influenced the acquisition of livelihood assets by farmers to support their standard of living. Using spearman rho correlation, it was found that a strong positive correlation exists between increase rice output and livelihood assets acquisition. It is recommended that the technology should be disseminated nationwide specially in low‐land rice farming areas so that all farmers in the country could benefit.
The contribution of macroprudential policies to banks' resilience: Lessons from the systemic crises and the COVID‐19 pandemic shock
Authors: Matos Tiago F. A. , Teixeira João C. A. , Dutra Tiago M.
Published: July 2023

This study examines the effectiveness of macroprudential policies in reducing the banks' risk during the COVID‐19 pandemic and compares these results with the systemic banking crises years. Based on a sample of 624 banks across 40 countries during the period 2006–2020, we find that loosening capital‐aimed macroprudential policies effectively reduced banks' risk during the COVID‐19 pandemic, while this behavior led to increased risk during the systemic crises years. In contrast, tightening the remaining macroprudential policies during the systemic crises years and during the pandemic proved effective in reducing banks' risk. Furthermore, we show that the magnitude of the impact of macroprudential policies was stronger during the systemic crisis than that during the pandemic. Finally, we show that the results are driven by the capital requirement prudential policy, both during the systemic crisis and the COVID‐19 pandemic, although the conservation buffer and the leverage limit also contributes to the ineffectiveness of these policies during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The banks' leverage and loan growth also play an enhancing role of the effects of the macroprudential policies.
The stress–strain behavior of refractory microcracked aluminum titanate: The effect of zigzag microcracks and its modeling
Authors: Mouiya Mossaab , Martynyuk Mikhail , Kupsch Andreas , Laquai René , Müller Bernd R. , Tessier Doyen Nicolas , Tamraoui Youssef , Serrano‐Munoz Itziar , Huger Marc , Kachanov Mark , Bruno Giovanni
Published: July 2023

The stress–strain behavior of ceramics, such as aluminum titanate, has certain features that are unusual for brittle materials—in particular, a substantial nonlinearity under uniaxial tension, and load–unload hysteresis caused by the sharp increase of the incremental stiffness at the beginning of unloading. These features are observed experimentally and are attributed to microcracking. Here we compare different degrees of stress–strain nonlinearity of aluminum titanate materials and quantitatively model them. We use advanced mechanical testing to observe the mechanical response at room and high temperature; electron microscopy, and X‐ray refraction radiography to observe the microstructural changes. Experiments show that two types of microcracks can be distinguished: (i) microcracks induced by cooling from the sintering temperature (due to heterogeneity and anisotropy of thermal expansion), with typical sizes of the order of grain size, and (ii) much larger microcracks generated by the mechanical loading. The two microcrack types produce different effects on the stress–strain curves. Such microcracks and the features of the stress–strain behavior depend on the density of the cooling‐induced microcracks and on the distribution of grain sizes. They are modeled analytically and numerically.
The Unique Qualities of Junior Cycle Visual Art Education in Ireland
Authors: Buttle Avril , Mullaney Isobelle
Published: July 2023

The aim of this paper is to ascertain the main subject qualities in Junior Cycle (JC) Visual Art (VA) in The Republic of Ireland, and whether these qualities are unique to the subject. The context of JC VA education is outlined through the exploration of its values, aims and objectives as well as investigating the subject's unique qualities. A mixed methods research approach was used to analyse three years of Department of Education Subject Inspection Reports for VA to explore the qualities of VA education. Seven published JC Subject specifications, including the VA specification were analysed using word frequency measurements with the aim of exploring the qualities of JC VA and whether these qualities are unique to the subject. Semi‐structured interviews were also held to explore the issues arising and aim to capture some of the thoughts of VA curriculum experts, school leaders and VA teachers. Through the analysis of word frequencies, it can be concluded that the VA specification highlights creativity, problem‐solving, collaboration and reflecting as dominant qualities in VA education and similarly, the Inspection Reports present the same findings. However, it is important to note that these qualities are also found in other subject areas though not as strongly or frequently. The interview process highlighted similar findings concluding that VA education “lends itself” to the above qualities however the subject cannot claim them as solely unique to the VA classroom.
Throwing the Embryos out with the Bathwater? A Novel Evaluation of the Value of Embryos
Authors: Kitts Megan
Published: July 2023

As a growing number of embryos collect in fertility clinics, it is imperative to evaluate the permissibility of available options for genetic parents and fertility institutions. Much of the discussion on appropriate treatment of embryos has focused on the circumstances under which it is permissible to destroy embryos for instrumental purposes, and thus has little application to the fertility context. I aim to develop a new account of the value of embryos whereby embryos have final value in virtue of their relationship to persons that could exist. I call this symbolic value. To establish this value, I first show that corpses have this same symbolic value in virtue of their relationship to prior persons, and then show that the cases of corpses and embryos are relevantly similar. Because of this value, we ought to treat embryos in particular respectful ways. It is currently common practice in the United States to simply discard extra embryos that exist as a result of in vitro fertilization. I argue it is generally impermissible to simply discard embryos because it is an act of disrespect and does not treat them in accordance with their value.
Commentary: The evidence base regarding the long‐term effects of childhood mental disorder treatments needs to be strengthened – reply to Dekkers et al. (2023)
Authors: Roest Annelieke M. , de Vries Ymkje Anna , Wienen Albert W. , de Jonge Peter
Published: July 2023

In their reply to our editorial (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2023, 64, 464), Dekkers et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2023, 64, 470) argue that treatment is the best choice for children with mental disorders because there is ‘sound evidence’ that interventions are effective, also in the long term. We agree that there is sound evidence for treatment effectiveness in the short‐term and there is some evidence for longer‐term effects of certain specific treatments, such as behavioral parent training in children with behavioral disorders, as acknowledged in our editorial. However, we strongly disagree that there is sound evidence for long‐term effectiveness.
Effect of antioxidants after post‐space irrigation on the adhesive interface of glass fiber post cementation
Authors: Cândido Beatriz Dansini , Manzoli Tatiane Miranda , Zaniboni Joissi Ferrari , Besegato João Felipe , Godoy Eduardo Fernández , Kuga Milton Carlos , Dantas Andréa Abi Rached
Published: July 2023

Objective

This study evaluated the effects of antioxidants, 10% sodium ascorbate (SA) or 20% alpha‐tocopherol (AT), after post‐space irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite +17% EDTA (SH) or 1% peracetic acid (PA) on the adhesive interface after glass fiber post cementation.

Materials and Methods

Sixty bovine roots were endodontically treated. After preparation, the post‐space was irrigated with SH or PA followed or not by the use of antioxidants (SA or AT) (n = 10). Push‐out bond strength test, failure mode, and dentin penetrability analysis using confocal laser microscope were performed in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds. Data from bond strength and dentinal penetrability were evaluated by one‐way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05).

Results

SH showed the lowest bond strength regardless of the third (p < 0.05). In apical third, mixed failure was the most incident in all groups. Only in the cervical third of the post‐space, SH‐AT provided the greatest tag extension of the cementation system into dentin (p < 0.05). However, in the middle and apical thirds, SH‐AT, SH‐SA, and PA‐SA provided the largest tag extensions (p < 0.05), but similar to each other (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The use of antioxidants only favored bond strength when SH was used and dentin penetrability of the adhesive and conventional resin cementation, regardless of the solution used to irrigate the post‐space.

Clinical Significance

The use of antioxidants (10% sodium ascorbate and 20% alpha‐tocopherol) after post‐space irrigation with sodium hypochlorite appears to increase the bond strength favoring the glass fiber post‐cementation.
Unexpected ubiquity of heart‐shaped scale morphotype in Centroplasthelida (Haptista): Ancestral trait or multiple acquisitions?
Authors: Gerasimova Elena A. , Mindolina Yulia V. , Tikhonenkov Denis V. , Kataev Vladimir Y. , Balkin Alexander S. , Mikhailov Kirill V. , Zagumyonnyi Dmitry G. , Plotnikov Andrey O. , Zlatogursky Vasily V.
Published: July 2023

Centrohelids (Haptista: Centroplasthelida) are axopodial protists with a remarkable diversity of external siliceous scale morphologies. It is believed that the last common ancestor of centrohelids had a double layer of siliceous scales composed of plate scales closer to a cell surface and spine scales radiating outwards. The characteristic morphotype of spine scales with a heart‐shaped base was once believed to be a unique feature of the genus Choanocystis, as it was defined by Siemensma and Roijackers (1988). Further research revealed that this morphology is present in different and sometimes distantly related lineages: Ozanamiidae, Meringosphaeridae, and Marophryidae. Here, we report the fourth clade, Pterocystidae, which is also revealed to contain representatives having this phenotype. Cernunnos gen. nov. is erected here to place Cernunnos uralica sp. nov., Cernunnos arctica sp. nov., Cernunnos america sp. nov., and Cernunnos antarctica Tikhonenkov et Mylnikov, 2010, Gerasimova comb. nov. C. uralica was studied with scanning electron microscopy and SSU rDNA sequencing. Molecular phylogenetic analysis placed it into marine environmental clade P within Pterocystida. The ubiquity of spine scales with heart‐shaped bases could be an example of parallel evolution, but taking into account the considerable similarity it is likely an ancestral trait, acquired from the last common ancestor of centrohelids.
Individual, social and environmental factors influencing dietary behaviour in shift workers with type 2 diabetes working in UK healthcare: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Rubner Sophie , D'Annibale Maria , Oliver Nick , McGowan Barbara , Guess Nicola , Lorencatto Fabiana , Gibson Rachel
Published: July 2023

Background

The present study aimed to understand the individual, social and environmental factors influencing dietary behaviour in shift workers with type 2 diabetes (T2D) working in UK healthcare settings.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted using data collected from an anonymous online survey. Participant agreement was measured using five‐point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree) against 38 belief statements informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) of behaviour change.

Results

From the complete responses (n = 119), 65% worked shifts without nights, 27% worked mixed shift rota including nights and 8% worked only night shifts. The statements ranked with the highest agreements were in the TDF domains: Environment Context/Resources (ECR) – mainly identified as a barrier to healthy eating, Behaviour Regulation (BR) and intention (IN) – identified as enablers to healthy eating. For the belief statement ‘the available options for purchasing food are too expensive’ (ECR), 80% of night workers and 75% non‐night workers agreed/strongly agreed. Taking their own food to work to prevent making unhealthy food choices (BR) had agreement/strong agreement in 73% of non‐night and 70% night workers; 74% non‐night workers and 80% of night workers agreed/strongly agreed with the statement ‘I would like to eat healthily at work’ (IN). Mixed shift workers agreed that following dietary advice was easier when working a non‐night compared to a night shift (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Access and affordability of food were identified as important determinants of dietary behaviour during shifts. The findings support interventions targeting the food environment for shift workers with T2D.