bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Sebagai Media Pembelajaran
Authors: Rahman Musyirah , Nursyabilah Ifah , Astuti Peni , Syam Muh. Irfan , Mukramin Sam’un , Kurnawati Wa Ode Ingra
Published: February 2023

The development of social media makes performance faster, precise, accurate so as to increase the resulting productivity. The social media that are often used at this time are WhatsApp, Youtube, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and other social media. One of the current users of social media is students, because by using social media students can easily communicate near and long distances without having to meet or face to face. Social media for students is important not only as a place to get information but also can improve critical thinking, and can develop skills and creativity in terms of work.This study aims to determine the use of social media for learning media. This study uses a data analysis method that focuses on library research or library research, namely through reading, studying, and examining books and written sources that are closely related to the research problem. Utilization of social media in learning media can further improve the quality of learning if it is used as much as possible. But that does not mean that social media has a negative impact when its use is not controlled and the information is not filtered, errors can occur in the learning process.
A Nomogram Model for Predicting Prognosis in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients
Authors: Li Yunjie , Liu Xia , Wang Jingxuan , Pan Chao , Tang Zhouping
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Intracranial hemorrhage is the second most common stroke subtype following ischemic stroke and usually induces high mortality and disability. Here, we conducted a retrospective study to establish a nomogram clinical prediction model. Methods: First, the baseline data of patients who presented to our hospital in 2015–2021 were collected and compared (789 patients for the training cohort and 378 patients for the validation cohort). Second, univariate and binary logistic analyses were performed to screen out alternative indicators. Finally, a clinical prediction model by nomogram was established that included such indicators to estimate the prognosis of intracranial hemorrhage patients. Results: Univariate logistic analysis was used to screen several possible impact factors, including hypertension, hematoma volume, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) score, irregular shape, uneven density, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) relation, fibrinogen, D-dimer, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), creatinine, total protein, hemoglobin (HB), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil blood cell (NBC), lymphocyte blood cell (LBC), the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), surgery, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) rate, hospital day, and hypertension control. Further binary logistic analysis revealed that ICH score (p = 0.036), GCS score (p = 0.000), irregular shape (p = 0.000), uneven density (p = 0.002), IVH relation (p = 0.014), surgery (p = 0.000) were independent indicators to construct a nomogram clinical prediction model. The C statistic was 0.840. Conclusions: ICH score, GCS score, irregular shape, uneven density, IVH relation, surgery are easily available indicators to assist neurologists in formulating the most appropriate therapy for every intracranial hemorrhage patient. Further large prospective clinical trials are needed to obtain more integrated and reliable conclusions.
Evaluation of the accuracy of the resection template and restorations of the bone structures in the mandible area manufactured using the additive technique
Authors:   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland, Turek Paweł , Jońca Klaudia ,   Faculty of Mathematics and Applied Physics, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland, Winiarska Marcelina ,   Faculty of Mathematics and Applied Physics, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
Published: February 2023

The article presents the current possibilities in the field of modeling and manufacturing models of anatomical structures, surgical templates, and implants in terms of planning surgical procedures in the area of ​​the mandible. In the first stage, the 3D reconstruction of the mandible geometry using the 3D-Slicer software was presented. The next step of the process consisted in modeling resection templates and supplementing the loss of the bone structure of the mandible. The last stage consisted of manufacturing models using the additive FDM method from PC-ISO material and performing an accuracy assessment. The models' accuracy using the additive FDM technique is within the tolerance range of +/- 0.2 mm. It is sufficient to use models when planning a procedure.
Diversity of Aquatic Beetles (Dytiscidae) along the Altitudinal Gradient and its Relationship with Physico-Chemical Parameters of Water at Tashiding, Tsendagang and Gozhi Gewogs, Dagana, Bhutan
Authors: Blon Wangchuk , Dendup Tashi , Dorji Cheten , Wangdi
Published: February 2023

Dytiscidae plays a vital role in the ecosystem; purifies water and serv es as the prey on many organisms. This family of aquatic beetles as predators feeds on small organisms. They are sensitive to environmental changes, it is used as a biodiversity indicator and also a tool for conservation assessment. This study assessed the diversity of Dytiscidae in relation to physico-chemical parameters of water using stratified random sampling at three Geogs in Dagana. Furthermore, the relationship of Dytiscid diversity and taxon richness with the physico-chemical parameters of the lentic and the lotic water bodies along the altitudinal gradient were determined and collected specimens. The total 664 individuals were collected in which five subfamilies of Dytiscidae, 12 genera and 17 species were identified. Pearson’s correlation showed moderately negative correlation between the species diversity and taxon richness based on altitude and pH (p < 0.05). Temperature had moderate positive correlation with species diversity of Dytiscidae. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed temperature had an effective determining factor for distribution of Dytiscidae. Kruskal Wallis test among different habitats and altitudinal strata showed significant difference in Dytiscids diversity and taxon richness (p < 0.05). The diversity and richness showed a decreasing trend when the altitude increased. The highest diversity was found in marshy area (H = 2.36) and second altitude stratum (800 – 1200 masl) (H = 2.07) in the current study area. Therefore, the best conservation strategy of Dytiscidae could be to protect these areas before they are degraded.
Evaluation of Intrauterine Fetal Death at Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Deep Jagat Prasad , Sharma Rosy , Ansari Sana , Shah Ravi Kumar , Raut Rajendra Kumar , Shah Pravin
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) is unpredictable despite of regular antenatal checkup. Early assessment and timely intervention may reduce the incidence of IUFD. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of IUFD among pregnant women at tertiary care center.
 Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center from 1st November 2020 to 31st October 2021. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (Registration number: F-NMC/515/076-077). Demographic data were collected using predesigned proforma in pregnant women with intrauterine fetal demise identified before, during labor and delivery.
Results: Among 1441 deliveries, IUFD was found in 81 (5.62%). The highest stillbirth rate occurred in the 3rd trimester between 37 - 42 weeks 41 (50.61%), 85.18% unemployed, 36% were primigravida, 46.91% in 20 – 24 years age group. The commonest obstetric complications encountered were hypertensive disorders at 14.81%, unexplained (13.58%). Macerated stillbirths accounted for 49 (60.49%. Over 85% of the mothers had vaginal delivery while 15% had cesarean section.
Conclusion: A significant portion of IUFD can be prevented by providing patient and community health education for regular antenatal care regarding warning signs during antenatal, hospital delivery, early referral.
Is an Export-Led Growth Sustainable for Bulgaria?
Authors: Yotzov Victor
Published: February 2023

Effective public administration is a key prerequisite for the suc- cessful functioning of any sphere of social functioning. Ukraine takes the leading place in the production and exporting of many agricultural items. In the research, special attention is paid to the sustainable development of Ukraine’s rural territories due to the extreme importance of agriculture ei- ther for the country’s own population or for its trading partners. The data analysed in the article were taken from the official web page of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. While analysing the agro–exports of Ukraine, “agro” denotes the commodity from the groups I—IV of the Ukrain- ian Classification of Commodities in Foreign Trade. The timeframe under analysis is nine years – from 2012 to 2020 included. The appropriate statis- tical software and tools as well as tabular and visualization methods were used to conduct the research and present its results in the article. The research and its results will be interesting and useful for public administration officials, companies’ managers engaged in agriculture and international trade, decision makers, academic community representatives as well as beginners and experienced data analysts.
Exploratory Analysis of the Promotional Activities of Krishna-Conscious Communities in Europe
Authors: Bence-Kiss Krisztina , Szigeti Orsolya
Published: February 2023

Marketing religions have been studied frequently in the past decades, however, there are still areas less covered by the literature. Kr­ishna-conscious communities are considered as one of the most successful new religious movements is terms of marketing in the past decades. This re­search studies the promotion tools applied by the Krishna-conscious com­munities in Europe with the involvement of seven rural communities in six countries, where quantitative research was carried out to discover the initial means of encountering the religion and the exposure to the different promo­tion tools applied in the further phases of communication. The research re­sults have shown that traditional tools of promoting Krishna Consciousness still have huge importance when people meet the religion for the first time, but in keeping longer term contact, media may be applied efficiently as well, but there is still space for improvement in the promotion tool portfolio
Human Resources Development in the Solution of Regional Disparities in Slovakia
Authors: Kollár Vojtech , Matúšová Silvia
Published: February 2023

Different historical, geographical, socio-economic and so­cial conditions have led to the situation that the regions in Slovakia are equipped with different start-up capital, different quality of human poten­tial and various infrastructures and therefore they develop accordingly. Re­gional disparities are understood as differences in the degree of socio-eco­nomic development of regions, which is uneven. The problem of regional disparities cannot be seen only as economic differences between regions, as there are also significant intraregional differences within a region. In the regional context, education and training of youth and adults are directly linked to employment, social security, economic and social development. Insufficient education and training of individuals reduce their employment opportunities, limit their responsible approach to work and life, worsens living conditions, increases social risks, and may deteriorate their health. The level of educational attainment is also related to the level of innova­tion performance and the competitiveness of regions. A special area is rep­resented by the preparation of capacities for the sector of research and de­velopment. The regional differences could be seen in the location of uni­versities preparing graduates for research and development as well as the placement of research and development institutions. The main aim of the paper will be to point out how human resources could be deployed in the solution of regional disparities in Slovakia.
COVID-19: A Story Told by Women Entrepreneurs about How to Survive by Turning a Crisis into an Opportunity
Authors: Tarbujaru Tudor , Stanca Petruta Ionela
Published: February 2023

The Covid-19 epidemic has generated an environment full of con­fusion and instability among global economies. It has put enormous strain on the governments and the economies, both on an international and nation­al scale. No single day goes by without news about the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic’s devastating economic, health, and emotional well-be­ing. The intensity of its burnt is unprecedented since it is a humanitarian cri­sis that has generated shock to the global economic system. The crisis had a significant influence on economic activities all over the world, but on the oth­er hand, it boosted the presence of women as entrepreneurs, resulting in a shift in the demographic features of business and economic processes. This re­search investigated how women entrepreneurs had to deal with all of this dur­ing Covid-19. The study exemplifies the difficulties that a female entrepreneur faces as a result of the crisis. Furthermore, it sheds light on the strategies used by female entrepreneurs to deal with the impacts of the crisis in order to safe­guard their businesses. The focus of the paper is also on the associated obsta­cles, challenges, and potential solutions for the emergence of female entre­preneurs in this pandemic era. We provide a paradigm to aid in making sense of how gender and entrepreneurship research is currently framed and posi­tioned. The possibilities in disguise and future potentials that will alter wom­en’s choices and talents following the Covid-19 outbreak have been briefly ex­amined. Women entrepreneurs have the potential to convert the Covid-19 critical point into an even better opportunity. This study is unique in that it will serve as the foundation for many future studies that will strive to investigate further the status of difficulties and opportunities for women entrepreneurs to manage and sustain their entrepreneurial endeavors effectively.
Vertebral bone quality score provides preoperative bone density assessment for patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery: a retrospective study
Authors: Pu Mengyang , Zhong Wentao , Heng Hongquan , Yu Jiahao , Wu Han , Jin Yifei , Zhang Peng , Shen Yixin
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

The novel MRI-based vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score has been described as an opportunistic screening tool for osteoporosis, but the stability and practical value of this score deserve further investigation. The purpose of this study was to assess whether preoperative VBQ scores could assist in identifying reduced bone mineral density (BMD) or osteoporosis and evaluating the consistency between MRI systems with different field strengths.

METHODS

The VBQ scores of the patients who underwent surgery for lumbar disc herniation and the single-level VBQ scores of each L1–4 vertebral body were measured and calculated with preoperative lumbar MRI noncontrast T1-weighted phases. The VBQ scores were evaluated for correlation analysis using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) T-scores. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the ability of the VBQ scores to identify patients with reduced BMD and with osteoporosis. Differences in CSF measurements at different levels of L1–4 were compared. Twenty-four patients who had been examined using another MRI machine were used as controls to test the interdevice agreement of the VBQ scores.

RESULTS

The study included 100 patients with mean VBQ scores of 2.81 ± 0.28 (normal BMD), 3.06 ± 0.36 (osteopenia), and 3.43 ± 0.37 (osteoporosis). VBQ scores differed significantly between BMD subgroups (p < 0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient showed a moderate negative linear correlation between novel VBQ scores and the lowest DEXA T-scores (r = −0.524). ROC analysis showed good discrimination of VBQ scores in patients with reduced BMD (area under the curve [AUC] 0.793) and with osteoporosis (AUC 0.810). The diagnostic thresholds of reduced BMD and osteoporosis according to the maximum Youden index were 3.06 (sensitivity 0.636, specificity 0.870, positive predictive value [PPV] 0.942, negative predictive value [NPV] 0.417) and 3.05 (sensitivity 0.875, specificity 0.618, PPV 0.519, NPV 0.913), respectively. CSF measurements at the L2, L3, and L4 levels were essentially identical and did not significantly affect the final VBQ scores (p > 0.05), whereas CSF measurements at the L1 level were found to be heterogeneous (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in VBQ scores between the same brand of MRI machines at different field strengths (1.5 and 3.0 T, p = 0.107).

CONCLUSIONS

The new VBQ score provides an additional screening opportunity for preoperative BMD assessment. A VBQ score < 3.05 essentially excludes osteoporosis, whereas a VBQ score ≥ 3.05 (especially ≥ 3.06) suggests the need for further examination. The VBQ score is comparable between different MRI systems.
Influence of anemia on the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors:   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, VASILYEVA L. V. , TALYKOVA M. I. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, GOSTEVA E. V. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, ZOLOEDOV V. I. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, ULYANOVA L. V. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, SUSLOVA E. YU. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko
Published: February 2023

The study presents the results of examination of 92 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) aimed at identifying anemic syndrome. Anemia as a systemic manifestation of the disease was diagnosed in 29% of patients. It was found that in women this syndrome develops significantly more often and at an earlier stage than in men. By the erythrocytes morphology and the degree of iron saturation, anemia was normocytic and hypochromic in most patients. Reliable clinical features of the COPD course in patients with anemic syndrome were identified: anemia significantly worsens the condition of patients, mostly females, who often complain of shortness of breath; with the same degree of bronchial obstruction as male patients, women often suffer from impaired health and more frequently need hospital treatment.
Violation of antimicrobial strategies of neutrophils at the level of mucosal immunity in COVID-19 convalescents
Authors:   Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, AGAFONOVA E. V. , RESHETNIKOVA I. D. ,   Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, BAYAZITOVA L. T. ,   Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, KHALDEYEVA E. V. ,   Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, TYURIN YU. A. ,   Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, ISAYEVA G. SH. ,   Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Published: February 2023

Antimicrobial strategies of neutrophils play a leading role in the regulation of microbiocenoses. In COVID-19 convalescents, the state of upper respiratory tract and oropharynx microbiota and the functional and the metabolic activity of the MALT system neutrophils were evaluated. Changes in the microbiota composition were characterized by two directions — an increase in colonization by bacterial and fungal pathogens — Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, enterobacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp.) and an increase in mixed infection, primarily by 2-component associations of Staphylococcus aureus + Candida albicans. Neutrophils in COVID-19 convalescents were characterized by increased destructive and apoptotic intracellular processes, as well as impaired antimicrobial strategies — inhibition of oxygen-dependent biocidity, rapid depletion of reserve capabilities, incomplete phagocytosis, limited ability to capture and kill pathogens, which determines increased colonization by pathogens and an increase in mixed infection.
Combined course of COVID-19 and herpesvirus infections in children
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, KHALIULLINA S. V. , RAIMOVA YU. A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, ANOKHIN V. A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, POZDNYAK V. A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, KHAERTYNOV KH. S. ,   Kazan State Medical University, NAZAROVA O. A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, NURGATINA I. I. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: February 2023

The combined course of any diseases, as a rule, is characterized by severity, a high incidence of complications, and a protracted course. The purpose is to describe the clinical and laboratory features of the combined course of COVID-19 and herpesvirus infections in children hospitalized in an Infectious Diseases Hospital. Material and methods. In the period from December 2021 to October 2022, an observational retrospective study was conducted on the basis of the RCCH in Kazan, which included monitoring 36 children hospitalized with an acute infectious disease clinic, laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 and herpes virus infection. A complete sample was used. The data were copied from the medical records of in-patients (f/003u). The observation period for each patient was limited to the period of hospitalization. Laboratory examination included standard methods and etiological interpretation of the diagnosis (PCR, ICA). Statistical data processing was performed using an online calculator https://medstatistic.ru/calculators.html. Results. Against the background of SARS-CoV-2 infection, active replication of EBV was observed in 83.3% of cases, in about half of cases in combination with HHV-6. The clinic was dominated by pyretic fever (77.7%), tonsillitis syndrome (66.7%), including with lesions of the pharyngeal tonsil (52.8%), hepato- (75%) and splenomegaly (44.4%). Diarrheal syndrome was recorded in 47.2% of the examined. Pneumonia was diagnosed only in 11.1% of hospitalized patients, hepatitis — in 36.1%. In general, the clinic was more consistent with herpesvirus infection («mononucleosis-like syndrome») than COVID-19. Leukocytosis was recorded in 94.4% of the study participants, an increase in the level of CRP — in 97.3% of the examined, and significant — in 30.6%, an increase in the level of D-dimer — in 63.9%. The average length of stay of a child in the hospital was 6 days. No lethal outcomes were registered. Conclusion. The study of the features of epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinic and long-term consequences (prognosis) will help improve our understanding of coinfection scenarios.
State of genitourinary system in men at an industrial enterprise by the results of enhanced urological examination
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, KARIMOV I. M. , NURIYEV I. R. ,   Kazan Medical Diagnostic Center «Nuriyevs’ Clinic»
Published: February 2023

The purpose to study the state of medical activity and analyze the results of targeted examinations of men working at an industrial enterprise, at various age periods. Material and methods. An enhanced urological examination of 360 employees of an industrial enterprise aged 20 years and older was carried out. The scope of the study included: a questionnaire, a clinical examination of the external genitalia, a rectal finger examination, a clinical analysis of urine and prostate secretion (PJ), a blood test for common prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a transrectal ultrasound of the pancreas (TrUS), a urologist consultation and, by indications, an oncologist. Results. Determination of the PSA level in blood revealed pathology in 11.5% of employees. TUS revealed an increased size of the pancreas in 72% of the subjects. In 38% of the subjects, changes in the pancreas secretion indicated the presence of an inflammatory process. Conclusions. The voluntary urological examination of employees indicates their concern for health. An effective solution to the problem of the genitourinary system morbidity in men is regular end-to-end medical examinations and organization of further therapeutic and preventive measures. The conducted survey not only shows the true prevalence of urological diseases at this enterprise, but also helps to prevent the diseases of the genitourinary sphere in men at various age periods.
Long-term neurological consequences of cytomegalovirus infection in the early neonatal period (literature review)
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, BORISOVA O. V. , VYALTSEVA V. A. ,   Samara State Medical University, FRANC A. A. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: February 2023

Cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) is widespread throughout the world — 60–90% of adults are infected as a result of a long-term latent infection. The risk of CMVI transmission to a child in the primary infection of a pregnant woman is 30–40%, in the chronic form — 0.2–1.8%. Cytomegalovirus is neurotropic and can penetrate the central nervous system at any stage of its development and maturity. In both overt and asymptomatic forms of CMVI, children can experience long-term neurological consequences, ranging from hearing loss, minimal brain dysfunction to profound mental retardation. The article considers long-term neurological consequences of congenital and postnatal cytomegalovirus infection. Modern ideas about the mechanisms of damage to the nervous system in CMVI are presented. The factors of adverse outcomes after the disease are described. Long-term neurological consequences in children are presented: sensorineural deafness and ophthalmic complications, neurocognitive disorders, cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders, and others. The necessity of follow-up monitoring of children infected with cytomegalovirus with individualized approach to each patient is substantiated. The article will help practical pediatricians to expand their knowledge about CMVI and avoid possible negative consequences for patients in the future.
Semyon Semenovich Zimnitsky — life and death
Authors:   Kasan State Medical University, OSLOPOV V. N. , MISHANINA YU. S. ,   Kasan State Medical University, OSLOPOVA YU. V. ,   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, KHAZOVA E. V. ,   Kasan State Medical University, OSLOPOVA D. V. ,   Kasan State Medical University
Published: February 2023

Semyon Semyonovich Zimnitsky is an outstanding Russian therapist who weighed in on various fields of medical knowledge and created a functional field in therapy. S.S. Zimnitsky lived only 54 years, and a significant part of his creative path fell within the period of social transformations, accompanied by hunger, cold and devastation. The article shows the formation of S.S. Zimnitsky as a scientist, discusses his teachers both in Russia and abroad. Zimnitsky’s life stance helped him to make way in the fight against the «university evil», in the creation of the Clinical Institute, the Department of Infectious Diseases and the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases of Kazan University. His cheerfulness, versatile talent brought color to the educational process. Zimnitsky’s death was due to coronary and heart failure and rhythm disturbance. He and A.F. Samoilov (the founder of the Russian electrophysiological school, «the Russian Einthoven») failed to understand the appearance of a giant positive T wave in the first complex after a ventricular extrasystole. The authors of the article (V.N. Oslopov and Yu.S. Mishanina) managed to answer S.S. Zimnitsky’s question, and this is discussed in the article. The last hours of S.S. Zimnitsky’s life are described. Unique information is given about the clinical and pedagogical activity of S.S. Zimnitsky, presented by his student, Kazan Professor L.M. Rakhlin. The title of the article «Semyon Semenovich Zimnitsky – life and death» was not chosen by chance. Learning about the formation of S.S. Zimnitsky as a doctor and scientist is of educational value for the reader. No less important and instructive is the description by S.S. Zimnitsky of his disease, the transformation of its symptoms and signs. The last days and hours of the life of S.S. Zimnitsky are described professionally and at the same time artistically by Professor A.G. Teregulov, which is rather unique. Therefore, we can say that the death of S.S. Zimnitsky teaches us — Docendo discimus.
Social phobia among secondary school students in Babil, Iraq
Authors: Hussein Ahmed H. , Alnasrawi Anwer N. , Al-Hemiary Nesif N. , Al-Diwan Jawad K.
Published: February 2023

Background: Social phobia is common among adolescents. It can have a negative impact on school achievement.Objctives: to study prevalence of social phobia among secondary school students and its impact on school achievement.Methods: A total of 500 secondary school students were included in the study. They were randomly chosen from 8 schools for boys and girls in Babil city. Social phobia inventory (SPIN) was used to assess the presence of social phobia, and success or failure in the past year was used as indicator for school achievement.Results: Social phobia prevalence among students was 32.4%. It was more common among females and students from rural areas. Students with social phobia had failed more frequently than those without social phobia (38.4% vs. 30%).Conclusion: Social phobia is common and has negative impact on school performance among secondary school students.
Simulation of the Wear Process of a Thin Coating of an Elastic Semi-Plane by Stamps of the Canonical Form
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Maksymuk Oleksandr , Sachuk Yurii ,   The Municipal Higher Educational Institution “Lutsk Pedagogical College “ of the Volyn Regional Council, Taras Taras ,   The Municipal Higher Educational Institution “Lutsk Pedagogical College “ of the Volyn Regional Council
Published: February 2023

In the article, using mathematical modeling methods, the contact inter-action of rigid bodies (stamps) of canonical form with an elastic half-plane protected by a Winkler coating is investigated, taking into account the wear of the intermediate layer.Under the conditions of a flat problem of the theory of elasticity basedon the abrasive wear model, which is expressed through a linear relation-ship between the intensity of wear and the work of friction forces, the main integro-differential equation of the problem for determining the contact pressure between the stamp and the coating is constructed.A technique for solving an integro-differential equation using Cheby-shov polynomials has been developed, which reduces the problem to an in-finite system of linear algebraic equations. A time-stepping algorithm was proposed for solving the equation. According to the algorithm, the working time of the friction pair with wear is divided into small time segments and the assumption is made that the contact area and contact pressure are con-stant at each time interval.When constructing graphs of contact pressure at different fixed mo-ments of time for the variable area of wear (contact), which, according to the assumption, is constant at each fixed step of the breakdown of the time of operation of the friction pair, an algorithm was used to reduce the ob-tained numerical data to one coordinate system, taking into account the proportionality of the ratio of the current area of the contact at the corre-sponding moment of time to the initial contact area at the moment of time equal to zero (problem without wear).The selection and analysis of contact pairs with various physical and mechanical parameters that would satisfy the selected mathematical model were carried out. For the dimensionless quantities described in the work, reverse calculations were carried out with the transition to dimensional quantities.For two different pairs of materials, based on the given force applied to the stamp, the corresponding initial contact area and the wear area were numerically calculated by the semi-inverse method at the given time inter-vals of the friction pair's operation. The characteristics of wear of the coat-ing for four canonical forms of stamps were studied and analyzed
INNOVATION SPHERE AS ONE OF THE TENDENCIES OF TNC’S INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT ACTIVITY
Authors:   ", Shevchenko Yulia ,   SEE",   LLC
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to researching the investment activity of TNCs, which is related to the innovative sphere of the economy of the host countries, which reveals the relevance and necessity of developing a strong basis for the development of a competitive and comprehensive system of society within any country. It pays attention on the fact that developing Asian countries even during the COVID-19 pandemic have high indicators of investment attraction. In general, it should be noted that investments are a source of prosperity and stability in the development of the country's economy, a source of providing new technologies and innovations, jobs in a difficult time of high rate of inflation and high rate of unemployment. The article provides vivid examples of corporations whose investment projects in the host countries reflect the innovative direction of their activities and the spread of new technologies to the Asian region. TNCs have quite large financial resources that can be used by them in any spheres and industries. Diversification provides an opportunity to reduce risks and introduce new standards and rules of international economic activity. It reveals the importance of innovative investments provided by large technologically advanced corporations to the economies of countries that were previously not competitive enough on the world market
SUBSIDY OF HOUSING AND UTILITY SERVICES: THEORETICAL ASPECTS AND FOREIGN PRACTICES
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Lopushniak Galyna , Fomenko Oleksii ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman
Published: February 2023

The article, based on the analysis of the new conditions of socioeconomic reality, the relevance of the study of subsidizing housing and communal services in Ukraine has been proved. There are different theoretical approaches to the essence of the concept of "subsidy", which focus on its content and/or form of provision, directions of use, etc. Subsidizing housing and communal services has national features, the use of which in domestic practice will increase the effectiveness of this form of social protection for vulnerable consumers of housing and communal services. The effectiveness of subsidization depends not only on the chosen system, factors and conditions of subsidization, but also on the method of financing housing and communal services. Therefore, the article provides examples of housing and utility financing systems, as well as possible consequences and risks of their application. Therefore, the analysis of theoretical approaches and foreign practices of subsidizing housing and communal services creates a scientific basis for its improvement in Ukraine
MODERN MEDICAL REFORM IN UKRAINE BY THE MODEL OF THE HAPPINESS ECONOMY: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS
Authors:   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University., Ovechkina Elena , Braslavets Oleksiy ,   National Academy of Management, Starostina Olha ,   Dnipro State Medical University
Published: February 2023

The article considers economic and legal issues of public health care reform and the provision of medical services from the standpoint of the theory of the economy of happiness. In the Constitution of Ukraine, part of the norms lays the foundation for the implementation of the principle of subsidiarity in the field of health care and medical care. This means that the system of public finances already has at least a constitutional and legal basis for building the existing system of financing in this area. Meanwhile, there are complexes of paradigmatic, methodological, theoretical and methodological issues on the implementation of the principle of subsidiarity in the consistent reconstruction of the program financial and budgetary model, which should be personalistically oriented, built on the vector "bottom up" (from the level of basic communities (individual, family) , intermediate communities (public organizations) to the highest level (state), to optimally combine different sources of funding and centralized and decentralized management schemes. The positive and negative features of the health care reform set out in the Health Manifesto are revealed, as well as the role of communities at different levels (individuals, families and individuals). it, public associations, the state) in the reconstruction of personalistic-oriented ave financial and budgetary model of health care. Emphasis is placed on the need to use the advantages of vertically-oriented (hierarchical) and horizontally-oriented (network) structure of medical institutions.
ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ВИСОКОБІЛКОВОГО СОНЯШНИКОВОГО КОНЦЕНТРАТУ ПРИ ДОРОЩУВАННІ СВИНЕЙ В УМОВАХ ПРОМИСЛОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ
Authors: Повод Микола Григорович , Опара Віктор Олексійович , Михалко Олександр Григорович , Гутий Богдан Володимирович , Чалий Олександр Іванович , Вербельчук Тетяна Василівна , Вербельчук Сергій Петрович , Кобернюк Віра Василівна
Published: February 2023

У статті досліджувались продуктивність поросят на дорощуванні за часткової, заміни соєвих білкових продуктів в раціоні свиней високобілковим соняшниковим концентратом «Proglot 52» та ефективність згодовування такого раціону в цей період. Було сформовано дві групи гібридних підсвинків від напівкровних свиноматок англійського ландраса та великої білої породи осімененних спермою кнурів синтетичної термінальної лінії РІС-337 тієї ж селекції в кількості 300 голів кожна. Тваринам контрольної групи згодовували в дослідний період традиційний стартерний комбікорм на основі соєвих білкових продуктів. А їх аналогам з дослідної групи половину соєвих білкових продуктів було замінено високобілковим соняшниковим концентратом. Встановлено, що поросята, які вживали в стартерний період свого дорощування комбікорм з частковою заміною соєвих продуктів на соняшниковий високобілковий концентрат мали тенденцію до кращої на 0,3% збереженості, більш високої на 2,9% щодобової швидкості набору живої маси, за рахунок чого за період досліду приросли більше на 2,9% і як результат мали на кінець досліду вищу на 2,1% живу масу порівняно з ровесниками які вирощувались з застосуванням традиційного стартерного корму на основі соєвої білкової складової. За практично рівного щодобового споживання корму його конверсія виявилась на 4,2% кращою у поросят які дорощувались за застосування експериментального раціону годівлі. Доведено, що використання в раціоні годівлі 50% соняшникового високобілкового концентрату сприяло зменшенню на 1,9% ціни одного кілограма стартерного комбікорму, на 6,0% кормової собівартості 1 кг приросту та на 3,3% кормової та операційної собівартості приросту 1 голови по закінченню дорощування й на 1,8% собівартості одного підсвинка на цей період. Водночас, воно сприяє збільшенню ринкової вартості одного підсвинка на кінець досліду на 2,1%, на 11,4% доходу від реалізації однієї голови та підвищує на 6,0% рентабельність дорощування поросят.
Developing a Code of Ethics for Disaster Tourism
Authors: Kelman Ilan , Dodds Rachel
Published: February 2023

This paper provides a first discussion of the advantages and concerns of disaster tourism along with an initial step towards a code of ethics. Based on existing disaster and tourism codes, four guidelines are suggested and critiqued: 1. Priority in disasters should be given to the safety of disaster-affected people and responders, encompassing rescue and body recovery operations. 2. One individual should not put another individual at increased risk without consent. 3. The authorities in a disaster-affected area and their rules and regulations should be obeyed within reason. 4. Any donations or assistance offered to disaster-affected areas should be considered within the local context and should also involve nearby but non-disaster-affected communities. Targets, training, monitoring, enforcement, and evaluation for the code are also discussed along with the need for consultative processes for further developing and implementing the code. Three main areas of disaster tourism research are proposed for further work: disaster recovery, convergence behaviour, and supporting disaster risk reduction rather than post-disaster actions. 
Island Tourism: Vulnerable or Resistant to Overtourism?
Authors: Butler Richard W. , Dodds Rachel
Published: February 2023

Islands have long attracted tourists and some islands rank amongst the most visited places in the world. Such popularity has created problems of overdevelopment and tourism at unsustainable levels, leading to the phenomenon of overtourism. Traditionally islands could rely on natural features to limit tourist numbers but this is increasingly not the case today, therefore, this paper reviews how changes in attitude, access and media coverage have led to problems of excessive visitation. The paper discusses the failure to create and implement appropriate policies which might mitigate against such developments and notes the inherent long-term problems many island authorities have traditionally faced when trying to improve economic conditions for their residents. The paper concludes that more specific action in terms of policy goals and implementation are needed if islands are to avoid the issues of unsustainable development and overtourism currently being experienced in many mainland tourist destinations. 
Assessing Stakeholders’ Views of Tourism Policy in Prince Edward County
Authors: Dodds Rachel
Published: February 2023

Prince Edward County, located in Ontario, Canada, is both a rural destination and an island. The destination, known familiarly as PEC, is fast becoming the newest winery destination in Ontario and faces the challenge of developing a tourism industry that is financially,  socially, and environmentally sustainable. Like many other islands or rural areas, Prince Edward County is isolated and vulnerable to pressures from development and other human activities and sustainable development in PEC requires strategic and careful tourism planning.  To support the viable development of a tourist destination while improving the regional quality of life, tourism policies must be forward-looking and satisfy the needs of multiple stakeholders. This allows more efficient and acceptable policy implementation as the policies are inclusive and cohesive. This study assesses current stakeholder perceptions of current tourism development and future tourism planning in PEC. The findings revealed that although the majority of the stakeholders agree with the importance of tourism development, many feel there are issues not being addressed by the county and are unhappy with the current direction of tourism development. 
Carbon offsetting programs in North America: assessing the involvement of the hospitality and tourism industry
Authors: Dodds Rachel
Published: February 2023

With increasing concerns of the growing emissions of greenhouse gases on a global scale by government agencies, academics, non-governmental organizations (NGO’s) and businesses, the carbon offsetting market around the world has evolved. During this worldwide evolution, however, North America has remained at a near standstill with regards to carbon offsetting . The compliance and voluntary offsetting market, often seen as a temporary solution to mitigating climate change, has faced criticism on the actual projects and the lack of standards in place. This in turn has produced a high level of consumer confusion regarding the credibility of carbon offsets and its overall impact on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study determines the status of the voluntary carbon offset market in North America and the current level of the hospitality and tourism industry in mitigating its impact on climate change.
Destination Marketing Organizations and Climate Change: The Need for Leadership and Education
Authors: Dodds Rachel
Published: February 2023

Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) operate at many levels ranging from the national to the municipal and have evolved over the years to respond to the geographical and political realities that are associated with tourism supply. Alongside providing information to potential visitors, DMOs work to make a destination attractive by showcasing its unique aspects and attractions. As the appeal of destinations, cost of doing business and the destination brand may be affected by the possible effects of climate change, this study aims to identify opportunities and threats to municipal and provincial/territorial DMOs and their members as well as identify measures they are undertaking to address the potential impacts. A study conducted of Canada‘s provincial and municipal large DMOs was conducted in 2009. This research found that awareness of climate change in Canada‘s tourism industry is increasing, but more efforts must be undertaken to mitigate climate change. To address climate change and tourism, this paper suggests doing three things: (a) DMOs need to demonstrate leadership about climate change education and mitigation to all their members; (b) government policy and action are needed to provide incentives for industry to address climate change; and (c) industry members require further education to take the steps necessary mitigate risk and to adapt. The internet has changed the DMOs‘ roles and how they provide information to the consumer; as such, they have been presented with an opportunity to take on new roles as educational and marketing providers. This paper will outline in the current shifts among Canadian DMOs and will discuss the key issues that are applicable to DMOs worldwide. 
The Corporate Responsibility Paradox: A Multi-National Investigation of Business Traveller Attitudes and Their Sustainable Travel Behaviour
Authors: Walsh Philip , Dodds Rachel , Priskin Julianna , Day Jonathon , Belozerova Oxana
Published: February 2023

The implementation of sustainability practices in the tourism system requires the participation of a variety of actors. While much research has focused on supply-side issues associated with sustainable tourism, there has been less focus on supply-side issues associated with consumer behaviourandbusiness-relatedtravel. Thispaperaddressesthebehavioursofthissigniﬁcantmarket segment. As behavioural change is seen as a key mechanism for achieving emission reduction, this paper focuses on behaviours of business travels from four countries: Canada, Switzerland, Russia and the U.S., using values-attitudes-behaviour (VAB) theory. We employ Principal Components Analysis to reduce the variables down to four factors and related factor scores. Stepwise multiple linear regression was then used to measure causal associations. The ﬁndings show how national cultures, demographics and values inﬂuence (although at different levels) the sustainable attitudes and behaviour of business travellers. These results have implications for future corporate travel policy. The recent impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic is also addressed.