bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canopy gaps and associated losses of biomass – combining UAV imagery and field data in a central Amazon forest
Authors: Simonetti Adriana , Araujo Raquel Fernandes , Celes Carlos Henrique Souza , da Silva e Silva Flávia Ranara , dos Santos Joaquim , Higuchi Niro , Trumbore Susan , Magnabosco Marra Daniel
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Understanding mechanisms of tree mortality and the
dynamics of associated canopy gaps is relevant for robust estimates of
carbon balance in forests. We combined monthly RGB images acquired from an
unoccupied aerial vehicle with field surveys to identify gaps in an 18 ha plot
installed in an old-growth central Amazon forest. We measured the size and
shape of gaps and analyzed their temporal variation and correlation with
rainfall over a period of 28 months. We further described associated modes
of tree mortality (i.e., snapping, uprooting and standing dead) and branch
fall and quantified associated losses of biomass. In total, we detected 32
gaps either in the images or field ranging in area from 9 to 835 m2. Relatively small gaps (< 39 m2) opened by branch fall
were the most frequent (11 gaps). Out of 18 gaps for which both field and
image data were available, three could not be detected remotely. Gaps
observed in the field but not captured on the imagery were relatively small
and mainly formed by the fall of branches from live and standing dead trees.
Our data show that ∼ 17 % of the tree-mortality and
branch-fall events only affected the lower canopy and the understory of the
forest and are likely neglected by top-of-the-canopy assessments.
Regardless of the detection method, the size distribution was best described
by a lognormal function for gaps starting from the smallest detected size (9 and 10 m2 for field and imagery data, respectively), and the
Weibull and Power functions for gaps larger than 25 m2. Properly
assessing associated confidence intervals requires larger sample sizes.
Repeated field measurements reveal that gap area does not differ
significantly among modes of tree mortality or branch fall in central Amazon
forests, with the last contributing the least to biomass loss. Predicting
mechanisms of gap formation based on associated area and biomass loss
remains challenging, which highlights the need for larger datasets. The rate
of gap area formation was positively correlated with the frequency of
extreme rainfall events, which may be related to a higher frequency of
storms propagating extreme rain and wind gusts. While remote sensing has proven to be an accurate and precise method for mapping gaps compared to field data (i.e., ground truth), it is important to note that our sample size was relatively small. Therefore, the extrapolation of
these results beyond our study region and landscape shall be made
cautiously. Apart from improving landscape assessments of carbon balance,
regional information on gap dynamics and associated mechanisms of formation
are fundamental to address forest responses to altered disturbance regimes
resulting from climate change.
Mineral Dust and Pedogenesis in the Alpine Critical Zone
Authors: Munroe Jeffrey S. , Santis Abigail A. , Soderstrom Elsa J. , Tappa Michael J. , Bauer Ann M.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The influence of mineral dust deposition on soil formation in the mountain critical zone was evaluated at six sites in southwestern North America. Passive samplers collected dust for two years, and representative soil and rock were gathered in the vicinity of each dust sampler. All materials (dust, soil, and rock) were analysed to determine their mineralogy (with x-ray diffraction), geochemistry (with ICP-MS), and radiogenic isotope fingerprint (87Sr/86Sr and εNd). In addition, the grain size distribution of dust and soil samples was determined with laser scattering, and standard soil fertility analysis was conducted on the soil samples. Results reveal that minerals present in the dust, but absent in the local bedrock, are detectable in the soil. Similarly, the geochemistry and isotopic fingerprint of soil samples are more similar to dust than to local bedrock. End-member mixing models evaluating soil as a mixture of dust and rock suggest that the fine fractions of the sampled soils are dominated by dust deposition, with dust contents approaching 100 %. Dust content is somewhat higher in soils over bedrock types more resistant to weathering. These results emphasize the dominant control that mineral dust deposition can exert on pedogenesis on the mountain critical zone.
Brief Communication: Rapid acceleration of the Brunt Ice Shelf after calving of iceberg A-81
Authors: Marsh Oliver J. , Luckman Adrian J. , Hodgson Dominic A.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The Brunt Ice Shelf, Antarctica, accelerated rapidly from 900 m a-1 to 1500 m a-1 during six months following the calving of a 1500 km2 iceberg on 22nd January 2023. Initially, the rate of acceleration increased by a factor of ten, with a second, smaller calving at the end of June 2023 leading to further tripling of acceleration. The acceleration is caused by reduction of buttressing at the McDonald Ice Rumples due to loss of contact with the sea floor and has led to high strain rates to the south, with potential consequences for the stability of the remaining ice shelf.
Digital footprints in non-digital environments: How publicly displayed information invades the right to privacy
Authors: Gondwe Gregory
Published: September 2023

This study explored the relationship between publicly displayed information and the right to privacy in Zambia and Tanzania. The purpose was to examine whether the behavior displayed by individuals in public environments reveals and undermines their quest for the right to privacy. I asked participants to observe and document the type of clothing an individual wore, the logos or monograms on their clothing or bags, and words spoken in public. This information was then used by Google to identify individuals online. Findings suggest that there is still a disconnect between what people display in non-digital and what they post on social media. However, there is also a growing trend of people leaving a trail of digital footprints that relate to their publicly displayed behaviors.
The Economic Determinants of Mystical Healing: An Empirical Exploration of Danyalism in the Sociocultural Landscape of Gilgit Baltistan
Authors: Faiz Farhan Ahmad , Sadaf Fouzia , Ahmed Farrah , Parveen Amna
Published: September 2023

Danyalism, a spiritual healing system prevalent in the Hunza and Nagar valleys of Gilgit Baltistan, represents a syncretic fusion of the mystical and the corporeal. The Danyal, the practitioner at the center of this complex sociocultural system, is imbued with an ethereal connection to the Faerie realm, possessing an authoritative power to remedy sickness through esoteric rites. From an economic perspective, the study also explores the cost-efficiency and accessibility of danyalistic healing, examining how these practices fit within the broader healthcare economy of the region. The empirical exploration undertaken in this study utilized a robust methodological framework, encompassing both survey and case study techniques. A total of 100 female respondents were surveyed for quantitative analysis, selected via snowball sampling, and 4 Danyals were interviewed for qualitative insights, selected through convenient sampling. Employing structured, closed-ended questionnaires and interview guides facilitated the gathering of nuanced qualitative and quantitative data. The results revealed a profound, albeit covert, adherence to danyalistic healing practices among female respondents. Despite existing within a cultural matrix where engaging with a Danyal is stigmatized as a social taboo, a substantial proportion of the population opts for this traditional healing method over conventional medical care, influenced by factors such as affordability and cultural acceptance. The findings illuminate the intricate interplay between belief systems, cultural norms, economic considerations, and health-seeking behaviors in the region, revealing the persistent resonance of danyalistic practices, even in the face of societal prohibition. The economic implications of this study further broaden our understanding of the healthcare choices made by individuals within a specific sociocultural and economic context.
TikTok's Multifaceted Economic Impact on Pakistani Society: Analyzing the Interplay of Entertainment, Morality, and Market Dynamics
Authors: Sharif Abida , Sadaf Fouzia , Naik Hira Shahzad
Published: September 2023

This study scrutinizes the intricate economic and sociological nexus between TikTok, a prevalent social media platform, and evolving societal norms, values, and identities in Pakistan. Through a qualitative analysis of 685 videos from six renowned Pakistani TikTokers, a rich tapestry of interactions between entertainment, morality, and market dynamics emerges. The investigation delineates TikTok's palpable influence on various facets including gender dynamics, ethics, and consumer behavior, thereby encapsulating the complex relationship between technology, market forces, and Pakistani society. Examining elements like attire, language, and messaging themes, the study unveils the existing tensions between individual expression and societal expectations, intermingled with commercial pursuits and ethical concerns. It accentuates TikTok's role as a harbinger of socio-economic opportunities, fostering empowerment amongst marginalized communities, notably the intersex population. This research navigates the nuanced moral landscape inhabited by TikTokers, where a blend of social and material characteristics fosters authenticity in self-expression, albeit occasionally at odds with established societal and market norms. The study acknowledges TikTok as a potent influencer in moulding cultural identities through linguistic diversity and thematic discourse, portraying it as a dynamic space that simultaneously mirrors and reshapes societal values and economic practices. It transcends the understanding of TikTok as merely a digital entertainment platform, highlighting its profound impact as a socio-cultural and economic entity that heralds a transformative era of digital engagement. By unravelling TikTok's multifaceted influence, this study provides profound insights into the transformative capabilities of digital platforms in crafting modern society and market trends, thus augmenting the academic discourse on the confluence of technology, culture, human behaviour, and market dynamics, and adding a vital dimension to the understanding of digital culture and the economics of social media.
Od Redakcji
Authors: Schletz Alfons
Published: September 2023

W roku 1964 minęło 400 lat od osiedlenia się zakonu TowarzystwaJezusowego w Polsce. Sprowadził go na Warmię kard.Stanisław Hozjusz w tym czasie, kiedy król Zygmunt August nasejmie w Parczowie ( VIII 1564) opowiedział się zdecydowanie zakatolicyzmem i z rąk nuncjusza J. Fr. Commendone przyjął księgęustaw Soboru Trydenckiego. Z tej okazji redakcja "Naszej Przeszłości" poświęciła okolicznościowy tom jezuitom.
Social Emotional Learning with Refugees in East Africa
Authors: Dalrymple Kelsey
Published: September 2023

Social emotional learning (SEL) has become a popular trend in the field of Education in Emergencies (EiE). Many SEL programs targeting refugee learners aim to help individuals develop skills that are necessary for learning and development, as well as mitigate the adverse impacts of crisis and displacement. While nearly half a billion USD has been invested in SEL initiatives for refugee and crisis contexts world-wide, little evidence exists about the impacts of SEL interventions with refugee communities. As 20% of all refugees globally reside in East Africa, and it is estimated that over 152 million African children live in active conflict zones, this study set out to qualitatively examine understandings, implementation, and implications of SEL interventions across actors engaging refugee communities in the region. The results expose tensions, challenges, and complex dynamics related to culture, power, and the complicated reality of implementing refugee education initiatives in East Africa. While further research into this area of inquiry is needed and proposed, these study findings provide a stronger understanding of the refugee education landscape in East Africa and its current insufficiencies through the example of SEL, and serve to inform other topical EiE interventions and the broader uptake of SEL by education systems globally.
THE IMPACT OF INNOVATIONS ON DEVELOPMENT OF A PUBLIC SECTOR (THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT)
Authors: Улыбышев Д.Н. , Бопиева Ж.К. , Шевякова А.Л. , Жайлауов Е.Б. , Ulybyshev D. , Bopiyeva Zh. , Shevyakova A. , Zhailauov E.
Published: September 2023

В статье показано, каким образом внедрение инноваций на макро-, мезо- и микроуровнях экономических отношений воздействует на социально-экономическую систему в целом и общественный сектор, как ее подсистему, в частности. Обосновано, что инновационный процесс в общественном секторе имеет ряд особенностей, напрямую связанных с его ресурсным обеспечением и институциональными условиями функционирования. Обобщены базовые принципы инновационного развития общественного сектора, приведены виды инноваций в общественном секторе, а также раскрыты их основные функции с точки зрения экономического и социального эффектов. Дана характеристика базовым механизмам внедрения инноваций в общественном секторе, которые традиционно реализуются через три ключевые формы взаимодействия субъектов национальной экономики: внедрение инноваций за счет средств государственного бюджета, на основе государственно-частного партнерства или социального предпринимательства. Применительно к Казахстану в рамках действующих в его экономике институтов раскрыто экономическое содержание шести механизмов развития общественного сектора с выделением инновационных компонент. Сделан вывод о том, что социальные инновации при этом могут порождаться как по инициативе государства, так и по инициативе предпринимателей и потребителей общественных благ для решения возникающих провалов развития общественного сектора.

The article shows how the introduction of innovations at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels of economic relations affects the socio-economic system as a whole and a public sector as its subsystem, in particular. It is proved that the innovation process in the public sector has a number of features directly related to its resource provision and institutional conditions of functioning. The basic principles of innovative development of the public sector are summarized, the types of innovations in the public sector are given, and their main functions in terms of economic and social effects are disclosed. The basic mechanisms of innovation implementation in the public sector are characterized, which are traditionally implemented through three key forms of interaction of subjects of the national economy: introduction of innovations for expenses of the state budget, on the basis of public-private partnership or social entrepreneurship. In relation to Kazakhstan, within the framework of the institutions operating in its economy, the economic content of six mechanisms for the development of the public sector with the allocation of innovative components is disclosed. It is concluded that social innovations in this case can be generated both on the initiative of the state and on the initiative of entrepreneurs and consumers of public goods to solve the emerging failures of the development of the public sector.
CONCEPTUAL ASPECTS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Орынбасаров С.О. , Уразбаева З.О. , Орынбасарова А.А. , Тажбаев Н.М. , Orynbasarov S. , Urazbaeva Z. , Orynbassarova А. , Tazhbayev N.
Published: September 2023

В данной статье рассматриваются концептуальные аспекты государствено-частного партнерства (далее –ГЧП) и его роль в инновационном развитии национальной экономики. Авторами изучены проблемы и возможности ГЧП и его влияние на общее экономическое развитие страны. Проведен сравнительный анализ ГЧП в разных странах, который позволяетлучше понять экономические условия и тенденции их развития в различных регионах мира. Были рассмотрены тенденции в области ГЧП с разными степенями развития механизмов реализации проектов ГЧП, в качестве примера были определены страны со зрелым рынком ГЧП, такие как Великобритания, Индия, Бразилия. Авторами сделаны выводы, что количество проектов ГЧП, реализованных в стране, не является единственным показателем зрелости ее рынка ГЧП. Выявлены факторы, такие как изменения в государственной политике или сдвиги в глобальных экономических условиях, размер и сложность проектов, качество нормативно-правовой базы и уровень участия частного сектора, которые играют решающую роль в определении успеха ГЧП в стране. В статье использовались методы обзора литературы и количественного анализа. Разработаны рекомендации по дальнейшему распределению финансовых рисков в проектах ГЧП, которыедолжны основываться на тщательной оценке вовлеченных финансовых рисков.

This article discusses the conceptual aspects of public-private partnership (hereinafter –PPP) and its role in the innovative development of the national economy. The authors have studied the problems and opportunities of PPP and its impact on the overall economic development of the country. A comparative analysis of PPPs in different countries has been carried out, which allows for a better understanding of economic conditions and trends in their development in various regions of the world. Trends in the field of PPP with different degrees of development of mechanisms for the implementation of PPP projects were considered, as an example, countries with a mature PPP market, such as the United Kingdom, India, Brazil, were identified. The authors conclude that the number of PPP projects implemented in the country is not the only indicator of the maturity of its PPP market. Factors such as changes in government policy or shifts in global economic conditions, the size and complexity of projects, the quality of the regulatory framework and the level of private sector participation that play a crucial role in determining the success of PPP in the country are identified. Recommendations have been developed for the further allocation of financial risks in PPP projects, which should be based on a thorough assessment of the financial risks involved.
DIGITAL DIVIDE OF KAZAKHSTAN’S REGIONS: ASSESSMENT AND PROBLEMS
Authors: Курманов Н.А. , Джошкун Ш. , Утегенова Ж.С. , Kurmanov N. , Joshkun Sh. , Utegenova Z. , Bernazarova R. , Берназарова Р.Д.
Published: September 2023

Мақалада Қазақстан аймақтары арасындағы цифрлық теңсіздікті бағалау және цифрлық кеңістіктегі проблемаларды зерттелген. Қазақстан аумақтары арасындағы цифрлық теңсіздіктіқ факторларын неғұрлым толық және дәл анықтау үшін Қазақстанның ЖӨӨ қызмет көрсету секторының үлесі ең көп аймақтарға құрылымында және шикізат (мұнай-газ) өңірлерінің салыстырмалы талдау орындалған. Қазақстан аймақтары арасындағы цифрлық теңсіздікті бағалау мәселесін шешу үшін факторлық талдау әдісі қолданған, бұл өңірлердегі цифрландырудың негізгі процестерін қамту үшін зерттеу нысанын барынша ықшам және жан-жақты сипаттауға мүмкіндік береді. Қазақстан аймақтарының цифрлық теңсіздігінің негізгі себептері анықталған: халықтың өмір сүру деңгейі, еліміздің бірқатар өңірлеріндегі цифрлық инфрақұрылым сапасының төмендігі. Талдау нәтижелері екі түрлі сапалық ішкі индекс ретінде түсіндірілді: кәсіпорындар мен халықтың цифрлық қызметтерді тұтынуының қосалқы индексі, сондай-ақ жұмыс күшін басқару процестерін цифрландыру және ақпараттық технологиялар шығындарының қосалқы индексі. Жетілдірілген (бұлтты) технологияларды қолданудың орташа мәндері айтарлықтай төмен деңгейде екені анықталған, бұл Қазақстан аймақтарының көпшілігінің бесінші технологиялық тәртіптің әлеуетін пайдаланудан артта қалғанын көрсетілген. Қазақстан өңірлеріндегі ұйымдардың көпшілігі кадрларды басқару процестерін цифрландырудың өте төмен деңгейімен сипатталады.

The article raises the topic of assessing the digital divide between the regions of Kazakhstan and problems in the digital space. For a more complete and accurate identification of the factors of the digital divide between the territories of Kazakhstan, a comparative analysis of the regions with the largest share of the service sector in the structure of GRP and raw materials (oil and gas) regions of Kazakhstan was carried out. The method of factor analysis was used to solve the problem of assessing the digital divide between the regions of Kazakhstan, which allows us to describe the object of study in the most compact and comprehensive way to cover the main processes of digitalization in the regions. The main reasons for the digital inequality of the regions of Kazakhstan are identified: the standard of living of the population, the poor quality of digital infrastructure in a number of regions of the country. The results of the analysis were interpreted as two qualitatively different sub-indices: the sub-index of the consumption of digital services by enterprises and the population, as well as the sub-index of the digitalization of workforce management processes and IT costs. It was revealed that the average values of the use of advanced (cloud) technologies are at a rather low level, which indicates that most of the regions of Kazakhstan lag behind in using the potential of the fifth technological mode. Most organizations in the regions of Kazakhstan are characterized by a very low degree of digitalization of HR management processes.
Methodology for assessing corporate governance in quasi-public sector companies
Authors: Шукеев У.Е. , Ниязов М.Н. , Shukeyev U. , Niyazov M.
Published: September 2023

В статье рассмотрена методика оценки корпоративного управления на примере компании квазигосударственного сектора, представлены предпосылки разработки и применения новой методологии оценки. Проведен обзор методологических подходов для оценки корпоративного управления компанией. Объектом исследования является ФНБ «Самрук-Казына». Система корпоративного управления рассматривается с точки зрения экономического подхода, основанных на трех направлениях: структура, процесс и прозрачность, представлена шкала коэффициента полезного действия компании при использовании метода оценки корпоративного управления, с помощью которых можно дать количественную оценку системы управления компанией. В ходе исследования были представлены результаты диагностики по представленной методики, которые показали, что большинство компаний группы уже преодолели этап формирования базовых процессов в корпоративном управлении, это потребовало разработки нового подхода к оценке корпоративного управления. Автором делается акцент на то, что новый подход требует определения критериев повышения эффективности корпоративного определения, выявить имеющиеся недостатки и преимущества. При этом оценка корпоративного управления строится на профессиональных суждениях, а не на признаках наличия того или иного бизнес-процесса, которая также должна коррелировать с Кодексом корпоративного управления.

The article considers the methodology of corporate governance assessment on the example of a quasi-public sector company, presents the prerequisites for the development and application of a new assessment methodology. A review of methodological approaches for assessing the corporate governance of the company is carried out. The object of the study is the NWF «Samruk-Kazyna». The corporate governance system is considered from the point of view of an economic approach based on three directions: structure, process and transparency, the scale of the company's efficiency coefficient is presented when using the corporate governance assessment method, with the help of which it is possible to give a quantitative assessment of the company's management system. In the course of the study, diagnostic results were presented using the presented methodology, which showed that most of the group's companies had already overcome the stage of formation of basic processes in corporate governance, which required the development of a new approach to corporate governance assessment. The authors emphasize that the new approach requires the definition of criteria for improving the effectiveness of corporate definition, to identify the existing disadvantages and advantages. At the same time, the assessment of corporate governance is based on professional judgments, and not on signs of the existence of a particular business process, which should also correlate with the Corporate Governance Code.
ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF REGIONS IN REGULATION SYSTEM OF INTERBUDGETARY RELATIONS
Authors: Алибекова А.Б. , Алина Г.Б. , Керимкулова Д.Д. , Мисник О.В. , Alibekova A. , Alina G. , Kerimkulova D. , Misnik O.
Published: September 2023

В статье рассмотрены вопросы экономических интересов и развитие регионов в системе регулирования межбюджетных отношений. Существует острая необходимость повышения эффективности государственного регионального управления, учитывая в первую очередь различия в уровнях социального и экономического развития в регионах. Результаты данного исследования показывают, что в зависимости от уровня внутрирегиональной (региональной) бюджетной децентрализации выявляется влияние региональной бюджетной политики на состояние межбюджетных отношений и ее ключевую составляющую-динамику межбюджетных трансфертов, а также тенденции их развития. При проведении исследования применялся экономический анализ. Результаты анализа показали большую зависимость местных бюджетов от средств, выделенных из республиканского бюджета в целом по стране. Удельный вес субвенций в прогнозах доходов местных бюджетов составляет более 30% вместе с целевыми трансфертами, превышает более 58% бюджетов областей. В ходе исследования авторами проведен SWOT-анализ для выявления основных проблем и перспектив развития межбюджетных отношений и их влияние на социально-экономическое состояние регионов. Метод расчета индексов бюджетных расходов, применяемый в настоящее время, был признан формально соответствующим мировым требованиям. Однако, на наш взгляд, некоторые недостатки все же еще имеются. Сформулированы рекомендации финансового стимулирования регионального развития регионов.

The article deals with the issues of economic interests and the development of regions in the regulation system of inter-budgetary relations. There is an urgent need to improve the efficiency of state regional management, taking into account the existing differences in the level of socio-economic development of the regions. According to the results of the study, the influence of the regional budget policy on the state and trends in the development of inter—budgetary relations and the dynamics of their key component - inter-budgetary transfers in relation to the level of intra-regional (local) budgetary decentralization is determined. Economic analysis was used in the study. The results of the analysis showed a great dependence of local budgets on funds allocated from the republican budget in the whole republic. The share of subventions in the forecasts of local budget revenues is more than 30%, together with targeted transfers, exceeds more than 58% of regional budgets. In the course of the study, the authors conducted a SWOT analysis to identify the main problems and prospects for the development of inter-budgetary relations and their impact on the socio-economic state of the regions. It is revealed that the currently used methodology for calculating budget expenditure indices formally corresponds to world practice. Nevertheless, it seems to us that it still contains a number of individual shortcomings. Recommendations of financial stimulation of regional development of regions are formulated.
Compassionate Nursing Care: A Refined Approach to Facilitate Healing – An Expository Perspective Review
Authors: V Kondaguli Sharat , Rana Shruti , Balagar Nazeersab
Published: September 2023

This expository perspective review critically examines the role of compassionate nursing care as a refined approach to enhancing the healing process. The review synthesizes existing literature, theories, and empirical evidence to provide a comprehensive understanding of the significance of compassion in nursing practice and its impact on patient outcomes. Compassionate nursing care stands as a quintessential pillar of modern healthcare, transcending medical interventions to address the holistic well-being of patients. This expository perspective review explores the multifaceted dimensions of compassionate nursing care, delving into its historical context, theoretical frameworks, patient experiences, ethical considerations, educational approaches, technological advancements, and inter-professional collaboration. The review contemplates the profound impact of compassion on healing, patient outcomes, and the healthcare landscape. By synthesizing diverse perspectives and insights, this review illuminates the transformative power of compassion in nursing practice, shedding light on its future directions, anticipated trends, and implications for policy development and healthcare reform. As the healthcare continuum continues to evolve, compassionate nursing care emerges as a lighthouse guiding the way towards patient-centered excellence and a more empathetic and compassionate healthcare ecosystem.

Key words: Compassionate nursing care, healing, patient-centered, empathy, sympathy, Inter-disciplinary collaboration, ethical considerations, expository perspective review.
Food Consumption Pattern and Its Implications on Health of Tibetan Refugee Monks in South India
Authors: Namgha Tenzin
Published: September 2023

Food is an important aspect of human life for healthy body and mind. The main objective of the study is to understand the food consumption pattern and its implication on health of Tibetan refugee monks in South India. The health status of Tibetan refugee monks in India manifested that Tibetan monks suffer mainly from hypertension, gastritis, tuberculosis, diabetes (type 1 and type 2), and heart disease at an alarming rate. This could be linked to dietary habits contributing for the rising illnesses. The study uses quantitative and qualitative approach for gathering information on demographic and eating pattern using structured questionnaire. Simultaneously, an in-depth interview with monastery meal procurers were collected. 136 individual data were obtained from two majorly populated settlements in Bylakuppe and Mundgod, South India. The result indicated that monks are consuming food rich in carbohydrates, animal fats and less amount of fruits and vegetables. 73% of monks are consuming high amount of aerated drinks on a daily and weekly basis (Coke, Pepsi, mountain dew). 28.7 % of monks are having problem of poor vision which can be attributed to their poor diet. The study also revealed that monks are food insecure and rely on food provided by the monastery which is lacking in nutrients. Also, one of the main contributing factors for unhealthy consumption pattern is due to lack of knowledge and awareness on healthy eating. Therefore, an immediate intervention from Tibetan government, NGOs or primary healthcare centres is necessary for bringing awareness on healthy eating and reducing the negative health implications.

Key words: Food consumption, Tibetan refugee monks, Health, India
Effectiveness of Home-Based Activities on Functional Balance and Mobility of Indian Older Adults with Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Kaushik Archna , Shukla Akhilesh , Mohanty Madhuchhanda
Published: September 2023

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is the most prevalent and chronic complication of elderly diabetics, occurring in up to 65% of elders with diabetes. Falls in this vulnerable population pose a significant burden to the healthcare system. An association between increased fall risk and DPN has been established. Postural instability, gait and balance problems provide the ground for falling and increased risk. There is a need to develop strategies to improve balance and efficiently train older adults with DPN to reduce falls and control factors leading to risk of falling. Various balance training interventions have been applied and studied. It has been found that a simple, specific, integrated, and convenient training program to improve balance and mobility within the home setup provides better opportunity to achieve this goal for DPN. For this purpose, a home activities-based training program was designed and studied. Pre and post evaluation of functional balance and mobility was done using Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test and Functional Reach Test. Forty Indian community dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above with a diagnosis of DPN were included with exclusion of those having any other conditions causing balance impairments. The paired t-test was used to compare the effects of training (p≤0.05). The trial showed improvements in functional balance and mobility of elderly with DPN. Thus, a home activities-based program amalgamating proprioceptive, mobility and biomechanical strategies can be applied to improve functional balance in Indian community dwelling older adults with DPN.

Key words: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN), Falls, Elderly, Balance, Home based activities program
Effectiveness of a 4-week Exercise Training Program on Shoulder Range of Motion and Stability in Competitive Swimmers - An Experimental Study
Authors: Sunil Prasade Shaunak , Nagrale Sanket
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Competitive swimmers undergo a large amount of swim mileage per week. The upper limbs, especially the shoulder joint complex contributes to nearly 70-85% of the propulsive power used during swimming. These repetitive overhead actions lead to occurrence of overuse injuries, such as subacromial impingement.
Method: In this study, a total of 41 swimmers were selected and were given a 4-week exercise training program, which included resistance exercises and a dynamic stretch using elastic resistance bands. Pre and post shoulder horizontal Range of Motion and Isometric shoulder strength ratio were assessed using a long arm goniometer and a handheld dynamometer.
Results: Active Horizontal Range of Motion and Shoulder External rotation to Internal rotation strength ratios significantly improved (p=<0.0001). Analysis showed that the exercise protocol prescribed was effective in improving horizontal range of motion and ER:IR ratios in competitive swimmers.
Conclusion: The 4-week exercise training protocol designed for competitive swimmers was effective in improving shoulder range of motion and stability.

Key words: [Competitive Swimmers, Exercise training program, Range of motion, Shoulder, Strength and Stability, Resistance training]
Biomedical Waste Management and Disposal Practices among Hospital Staff in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Udeaja Ijeoma Anthonia , Eunice Nwoke Anyalewechi , Okereke Chike Christopher
Published: September 2023

Objectives: the study aimed at ascertaining the biomedical waste management and disposal practices among hospital staff in Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
Methodology: A hospital based, cross sectional study was conducted among 325 respondents using a stratified and simple random technique and the study population included health workers of the selected hospitals in the group of doctors, nurses, pharmacists, staff of laboratory and waste handlers. Questionnaire administration and field observation of biomedical wastes was used in this study.
Results: 35% (106) of the respondents were between 35-44 years of age. Overall knowledge of biomedical waste management among the hospital workers was 80.2%. Eighty three percent of the respondents agreed that biomedical waste is hazardous, 52% agreed that there is good management of waste while 64% said proper management is financial burden on the hospital. Also 65% approved sterilization of infectious waste before disposal while 87% accepted upgrade of knowledge training. In regards chi-square analysis, Age (p=0.00923), Level of Education (p= 0.0025) and Length of experience (p= 0.0457) were all associated with the level of knowledge of biomedical waste management.
Conclusion: this study shows that a significant number of hospital workers are aware of biomedical waste generation, management and disposal practices. This includes the use of PPEs and color-coding of hospital wastes before disposal. However, the attitude to biomedical waste management and disposal practices is average and therefore a challenge.

Key words: biomedical waste, hospital, waste management, knowledge and attitude.
Review on Antiretroviral Considerations in HIV-Infected Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Deepika B , Balaprabha G Ramya
Published: September 2023

Bariatric surgery is a widely accepted method for promoting weight loss in individuals with obesity, including those who are living with HIV. However, there are specific challenges and factors to consider when it comes to managing antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected patients undergoing bariatric surgery. This comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed overview of the current evidence and recommendations regarding the use of antiretroviral drugs in this population. Obesity is prevalent among people living with HIV, and bariatric surgery has proven to be an effective approach for achieving long-lasting weight loss and improving metabolic parameters. Nevertheless, it is crucial to carefully evaluate how bariatric surgery may affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and interactions of antiretroviral drugs. The changes in the gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology that result from bariatric surgery can impact drug absorption, potentially leading to insufficient exposure to antiretroviral medications and treatment failure. This review specifically examines the pharmacokinetic considerations for commonly used antiretroviral drug classes in HIV management, such as protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and integrase inhibitors. It discusses the potential changes in drug absorption, distribution, and metabolism that can occur after bariatric surgery and provides guidance on adjusting therapy based on individual patient characteristics, the type of surgical procedure, and possible drug interactions. Effective management of HIV-infected patients undergoing bariatric surgery requires close collaboration among HIV specialists, bariatric surgeons, and pharmacists. Monitoring virological and immunological markers, such as viral load and CD4 cell count, is essential to ensure treatment effectiveness and detect possible treatment failure. Further research is necessary to establish evidence-based guidelines for optimizing ART in this unique patient population. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of considering the management of antiretroviral therapy in the context of bariatric surgery for individuals living with HIV. It highlights the significance of tailoring treatment approaches to individual patients and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to achieve the best treatment outcomes and long-term health for this population.

Key words: HIV, bariatric surgery, antiretroviral therapy, drug absorption, drug interactions, dosing strategies, weight loss, pharmacokinetics.
Health Status and Healthcare Care-seeking Behavior: A Study of Tribal Communities in Bijadandi Block in Mandla District
Authors: Prasad Shatrughan , Raushan Rajesh , Tiwari Rambooshan
Published: September 2023

Background: Despite significant advancements in the medical field, the health status of India's tribal population remains a concern, which was equally prevalent 25 years ago. Tribes still face numerous health issues, including malaria, infections, sickle-cell anemia, and nutritional deficiencies. Hence, this study tried to examine the morbidity status and treatment seeking behaviors of tribal communities.
Method and Material: A primary survey was conducted among 300 rural tribal households in Bijadandi block in the Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh. The purposive sampling was applied to select the household for collecting information on morbidity treatment history, place of treatment and reasons for not treating. For this study a structured interview schedule was used in the studied field. The primary survey was conducted from August to November 2019.
Result: The study found that nearly three-fifths had suffered from morbidities within the last 365 days prior to the survey which is higher experienced by 60 & above age groups, female, below primary schooling, farmer and housewife, and or widowed. Fever and cold cough prevalence were higher among tribes. Around 90 percent have received treatment during ill/sick. However, nearly two-fifths had received treatment from public healthcare centers while about three-fifth had received from private healthcare centers. Healthcare provider’s behavior was found to be not suitable for the tribes, with discriminatory practices reported at public healthcare centers. This has led to a lack of desire for public healthcare services utilization, which is a significant obstacle affecting government healthcare services utilization in tribal areas. The study also highlighted the emergence of intermediate diseases, such as paralysis, resulting from smoking and alcohol consumption.
Conclusion: In general, the research indicates the importance of directing attention towards the health and socio-economic welfare, along with interpersonal interactions between healthcare service providers and tribal or vulnerable communities. Currently, tribes are expressing worries regarding their healthcare and medical care. Consequently, the central emphasis should align with the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals) principle of 'leaving no one behind,' placing a primary focus on enhancing the health and socio-economic well-being of both tribes and other susceptible groups.

Key words: Tribes, Morbidity, Medical Care-seeking Behavior, Madhya Pradesh, Mandla
Evaluation of the Hepatotoxic Effect of some Commonly Sold Male Herbal Fertility Supplements in Port Harcourt on Male Albino Rats
Authors: Nwogu Arit Okechukwu , Tamuno-Emine Davies G. , Ben-Chioma Adline E.
Published: September 2023

Infertility is one of the most challenging social problems facing developed and undeveloped nations. The liver is the primary organ involved in the bio-transformation of food and drugs as such hepatic disorders is common especially following prolonged exposure to drug metabolites. This study evaluated the hepatotoxic effect of three different male herbal fertility supplements (Libron Herbal, Mascum Herbal Pride and Energy 3000) in male albino rats. Doses of 9 mg/kg, 18 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg of lead acetate were administered for three weeks to determine the concentration that would bring about the lowest sperm concentration. Sixty (60) mg/kg gave the lowest sperm concentration and testosterone levels. Eighty (80) male rats weighing 150 – 250 g were divided into five groups, twenty in a group: A (negative control), B (positive control), C (Libron-treated, LT), D (Mascum-treated, MT) and E (Energy 3000-treated, ET). The rats in the treatment groups were administered 60 mg/kg of lead acetate for three weeks before treatment with the various herbal supplements for eight weeks. After every two weeks, four rats from each group were anaesthetized with chloroform and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture. Liver aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), total protein and albumin were determined using colorimetric method. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 and results were considered significant at P < 0.05. At week 2, mean value for AST in Mascum group was significantly (P = 0.086) higher than in all the other groups. Mean value for ALT in Energy 3000 treated group was seen to be significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the other groups (P =0.055). There was no significant (P < 0.05) difference in the mean values of AST, ALT and total protein in all the groups. As the week progressed, mean value of AST in the positive control group was significantly (P < 0.05) different from the other groups but not significantly (P < 0.05) different from the Mascum treated group. Total protein in the positive control group was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in all the other groups. Mean values for albumin (P<0.001) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the negative control but not significantly (P < 0.05) different from all the three herbal supplements. Prolonged exposure to some herbal supplements can bring about inflammation of the liver enzymes.

Key words: Male Infertility, Hepatotoxic, Herbal supplements.
Chaoro of Shilla Wanggyeong
Authors:   The Paek-San Society, Lee DongJoo
Published: September 2023

Roads are man-made structures through which people and goods circulate. In Silla Wanggyeong, there were roads of various standards. In particular, the main streets were concentrated near Wolseong, the residence of the king. This is because the width of a road is proportional to its authority. The roads concentrated in Wanggyeong had a dual nature: they were corridors through which goods coming from local villages were concentrated, and they also served as windows through which the king's orders were issued. Among the roads in Wanggyeong, the Chaorou road has been identified. Chaoro, which is also found in written historical records, was a wide, straightened road. It was inaccessible even to all officials. The morning road could extract the common denominator of the morning assembly, morning official, and morning dress. In particular, since Queen Qindeok, Silla held its New Year's greeting ceremony at Chaoyuanjeon. This was the result of inclusion in the Chinese temporal order. In order to be a candidate for the Chaoro, it must first meet the conditions that it must be a major thoroughfare and be built near Wolseong. The only roads that meet these conditions are the north-south road from the site of the south side of Gyeongju Museum (19.8m) to the site of Gyeongju Museum(23.7m), and the north-south road (20m) identified at Baechon, which is estimated to connect the main gate of Wolseong and the west side of the hallway area. The Chaorogu, which was the scene of the Wanggeoin Prison Incident, was indeed the main road connecting Wolseong. These roads are most likely the most prestigious of all the chaoro roads in that they connect to the main gate of the palace.
Collaborative-Based Dynamic Trust Model for Bring-Your-Own-Device Access Control Management in Cloud Environment
Authors: Oriola Oluwafemi
Published: September 2023

The operation of bring-your-own-device (BYOD) in the cloud has not only opened cloud servers to more threats but inflicted additional costs on cloud security as it would have to monitor employee devices and their operations. Many organizations therefore have adopted zero trust scheme for BYOD access control management in cloud environment. However, zero trust model introduces extra cost and hostility against internal employees, who have a certain level of trust, as against outsiders. This paper posits that trust quantification for BYOD access control management should be determined by cloud service providers and employers in a dynamic and continuous manner based on session and information values. The paper therefore presents a collaborative-based dynamic trust model that fuses the perspectives of BYOD employer and cloud service provider agents (trustees) for BYOD Nodes (trustors) access control management. The trustees provide prior evidences about the BYOD requests from which plausible inferences are drawn. Three framing of trusts including employee, device and program trusts are formulated based on reliable trust metrics. Dempster-Shafer Belief Function is used to evaluate the belief scores of the trustors’ requests from the probabilities assigned by the trustees. The model is applied to two BYOD nodes, with varying session and information values. The outcomes reveal that the collaborative-based dynamic trust model ensures reduced cost and improved usability compared to zero trust model.