bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding Menopausal symptoms among women residing in selected community area at Kollam with a view to develop a Self-instructional module on Menopausal symptoms and its management
Authors: Mol Aneesha , Anil Athira , Thomas Brincy , Johnachan Jeemol K. , Varghese Vincy , Fulgen Feby
Published: June 2021

A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding menopausal symptoms among women residing in selected community area at Kollam with a view to develop a self-instructional module on menopausal symptoms and its management. The objectives of the study were to: a) assess the knowledge regarding menopausal symptoms among women in selected community area at Kollam. b) Find the association between knowledge on menopausal symptoms among women and selected demographic variables. A quantitative approach was used with descriptive research design. Convenient sampling technique was used. Sample size was 60. The investigator assessed menopausal women’s knowledge using structured questionnaire regarding menopausal symptoms and its management. After conducting the pretest, self instructional module was introduced to the menopausal women in community area. The finding of the study suggests that information booklet is effective in increasing the knowledge of primary school teachers regarding behavioural problems and their management and prevention.
Myths related to care of Neonates among mothers
Authors: Daniel Aksa P , Sunny Anju , S Athira , Sara Shaji Reshma , Bennichan Sonia , Anand S
Published: June 2021

The research work undertook was “A study to explore the myths related to the care of neonates among mothers of Pallithottam area at Kollam”. The objective of the study was to: explore the myths related to the care of neonates among mothers of Pallithottam area at Kollam. A quantitative approach was used in the study. Convenient sampling was used. Sample taken were mothers who are taking care or have taken care of a neonate. Sample size was 100. The researcher collected the data using self-structured questionnaire. The tool was found to be reliable. Samples were given a checklist consisting of 30 myths related to the care of neonates and they were asked to give their opinion by putting tick mark in the ‘yes’ or ‘no’ option against each practice. The result of the study shows that 48.31% of the mothers have positive attitude towards the harmful practices, 70% have positive attitude towards useful practices, 96.4% have positive attitude towards inconsequential practices and 70.75% have belief towards practices of doubtful utility. The finding show that there are certain myths related to care of neonates still prevalent among mothers of Pallithottam area at Kollam. Based on the findings the investigators have drawn implication which were of vital concerns in the field of nursing practice, nursing administration and nursing education for future development.
A Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Foot Massage on Incisional pain and sleep pattern among Post Caesarean Mothers admitted in selected hospitals, Hoshiarpur, Punjab
Authors: Thakur Neeta
Published: June 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess effectiveness of foot massage on incisional pain and sleep pattern among post caesarean mothers. Background: Cesarean section (C.S) is the birth of fetus through a trans-abdominal incision in the uterus. Persistent post-operative pain is a well- known consequence of caesarean section. Some studies have found alternative methods such as acuapressure, aromatherapy and massage therapy to be fairly effective for treatment of post caesarean pain and improve the quality of sleep pattern. Foot massage appears to be effective, in expensive, low risk, flexible and easily applied. So, foot massage was used to assess its effect on incisional pain and sleep pattern among post caesarean mothers. Design: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group research design was used with non-probability purposive sampling technique to selected sample. Material and Methods: Sample of 60 post caesarean mothers from selected hospitals, 30 each in experimental group and control group were selected. Assessment of level of incisional pain was done by using standardized numerical pain rating scale whereas assessment of sleep pattern was done by using modified Groningen sleep quality index scale. Analysis was done by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: Findings showed that in experimental group, 93.24% post caesarean mothers had mild level of pain and 6.66% had moderate level of incisional pain. Whereas in control group, 40% had mild level of pain and 60% had moderate level of pain. On the other hand, 93.33 % post caesarean mothers had good sleep and 6.66% had poor quality of sleep pattern. Whereas in control group 100% post caesarean mothers had poor sleep pattern. Conclusion: Thus, the study concluded that the difference between mean pretest and posttest score was found statistically significant at p < 0.05 level in experimental group. Hence, research hypothesis was accepted and it revealed that there was impact of foot massage among post caesarean mothers in experimental group.
ن اًرج رياضيت تصف تأثير انضغظ انطبقي عهى يساييت ونفاريت انصخىر ان كً نًيت نعضى انسديم الأعهى في حقم انرييهت اندنىبيت وعضى انريم الأعهى )يك نً انعطاء انثانث( في حقم انزبير
Authors: نادر علي فرحان , السعد هدى فنوش , جابر كمال داخل , ر. مهدي , المالكي ماضي عبد الرزاق
Published: June 2021

يهدف البحث الى اعطاء وصفا رياضيا جديدا اكثر واقعية لتأثير الاجهاد الطبقي على مقدار المسامية والنفاذية، أضافة الى انه يمكن الاستفادة منه في إيجاد صيغ رياضية لصفات بتروفيزيائية أخرى، وإيجاد علاقات رياضية بين متغيرات جديدة مثل المسامية والنفاذية بدلالة العمق او بين المسامية والنفاذية نفسها.

يعد قياس خاصية المسامية والنفاذية للصخور المكمنية (اللباب) مهم من ناحية الدراسات المكمنية، كونهما تدخل في الحسابات البتروفيزيائية كالتشبع المائي والنفطي وكذلك حساب مقدار المخزون الهايدروكاربوني وبالتالي تعطي صورة واضحة عن انتاجية المكمن النفطية. يعتبر الضغط الطبقي احد اهم العوامل التي تؤثرعلى مقدار المسامية والنفاذية، حيث تكون الصخور المكمنية واقعة تحت تأثير ضغط كبير ناتج عن وزن الطبقات الارضية، لذا عند استخراج نماذج اللباب من المكمن ستتمدد نتيجة لزوال الضغط الطبقي عليها مما يؤدى الى حدوث تغير في مقدار مساميتها ونفاذيتها، وبالتالي ستكون النتائج المختبرية مغايرة للمسامية والنفاذية الحقيقيتين في المكمن مما يؤدي ذلك الى حصول أخطاء في الحسابات المكمنية. تم الاعتماد على النتائج المختبرية العملية للباب عضو السجيل الأعلى في حقل الرميلة الجنوبي ولباب عضو الرمل الأعلى في حقل الزبير.

 استخدمت طريقة الانحدار اللاخطي البسيط لصياغة عدة نماذج تنتمي لأربعة عوائل من الدوال الرياضية (الدالة الاسية، دالة القوى، دالة اللوغاريتم ودالة متعدد حدود)، التي تصف العلاقة بين الضغط الطبقي وبين كل من المسامية والنفاذية. اخُتير نموذج  الدالة الاسية والذي يعرف ب الحالة المستقرة (SSE) كافضل نموذج يصف التغيير بسلوك المسامية والنفاذية مع الضغط الطبقي. قُيمت ادائية النموذج باستخدام معامل التحديد (R2) حيث كانت النتائج على درجة عالية من الدقة والثقة.

 توصلت الدراسة الى إمكانية تطبيق الموديل الرياضي كاداة جيدة في تخمين تاثير الضغط الطبقي على الصفات البتروفيزيائية للصخور الرملية.
Manajemen Operasi Program Khutbah Jumâ€™at Di Masjid Al Akbar Surabaya
Authors: Wibowo Hari Santoso , Aziz Shokiful , Subandi Bambang
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe function of the mosque in the history of its emergence is indeed not merely for "the place of prostration" as it literally means, but it has many functions. The mosque has another main function which is as a place of worship in preaching the values of Islam in people's lives. One form of syi'ar that can be performed in a mosque is the Friday Prayer. The purpose of this research is to describe the production management process of the Friday sermon program and the object of the Al Akbar National Mosque in Surabaya. This research uses a qualitative method with a Case Study approach. This study uses data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. The data obtained came from the Chairman of Takmir / Managing Director, Head of Da'wah Division and several parties expected to be related to the program. Implementation of production management in the preparation of the Friday sermon program through several stages including the search for ideas through internal deliberations of the directorate of Imarah and the field of Da'wah, Selection of the preacher through qualification standards, Khatib Testing and Evaluation, the design of the sermon, the final design of the sermon.ABSTRAKFungsi masjid dalam sejarah kemunculannya, memang tidak sekedar untuk â€œtempat sujudâ€ sebagaimana makna harfiahnya, tetapi memiliki banyak fungsi. masjid memiliki fungsi utama lainnya yaitu sebagai tempat syiar dalam mendakwahkan nilai â€“ nilai Islam dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Salah satu bentuk syiâ€™ar yang bisa dilaksanakan di masjid adalah shalat Jumâ€™at. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menggambarkan proses manajemen produksi program khutbah Jumâ€™at dan yang menjadi objeknya Masjid Nasional Al Akbar Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan Studi Kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh berasal dari Ketua Takmir/Direktur Utama, Kepala Bidang DakwahÂ  dan beberapa pihak yang diperkirakan terkait dengan program tersebut. Implemantasi manajemen produksi pada penyusunan progam khutbah jumat melalui beberapa tahapan diantaranya pencarian gagasan melalui musyawarah internal direktorat Imarah dan bidang Dakwah, Seleksi Khatib melalui standar kualifikasi, Pengujian dan Evaluasi Khatib, Desain khutbah, Desain akhir khutbah.
Pharmacophore Modelling of Vanillin Derivatives, Favipiravir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Monolaurin and Tetrodotoxin as MPro inhibitors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Law Woon Yi , Asaruddin Mohd Razip , Bhawani Showkat Ahmad , Mohamad Samsur
Published: June 2021

Ligand-based pharmacophore modelling approach using four established antiviral drugs, namely remdesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine were analysed for COVID-19 inhibitors as training sets. Twenty vanillin derivatives together with monolaurin were used as test sets to evaluate potential as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Structure-based pharmacophore modelling approach was also performed using Protein Data Bank information: PDB-5RE6, 5REX and 5RFZ in order to analyse the binding site and ligand-protein complex interactions. The pharmacophore modelling mode of 5RE6 displayed two Hydrogen Bond Acceptors (HBA) and one Hydrophobic (HY) interaction. Besides, the pharmacophore model of 5REX showed two HBA and two HY interactions. Finally, the pharmacophore model of 5RFZ showed three HBA and one HY interaction. Based on ligand-based approach, 20 Schiff-based vanillin derivatives, namely vanillin associated with methyl-6- aminopyridine-3-carboxylate (1), sepiapterin (2), 6-aminopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (3), 6-aminopyridine-2-carboxylic acid (4), pemoline (5), α-phenylglycine (6), 2-amino-4-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid (7), 4-hydroxyphenylglycine (8), β-homoserine (9), allylglycine (10), oxamic acid (11) benzophenone hydrazine (12), 2-aminoadipic acid (13), D-alanyl-D-alanine (14), p-bromophenylalanine (15), nicotinic hydrazide (16), 4-hydroxybenzhydrazide (17), benzohydrazide (18), isonicotinic hydrazide (19), and phenylhydrazine (20) showed strong MPro inhibition activity. This was due to their good alignment and common features to PDB-5RE6. Similarly, monolaurin and tetrodotoxin displayed some significant activity against SARS-CoV-2. From structure-based approach, vanillin derivatives (1) to (12) displayed some potent MPro inhibition against SARS-CoV-2. Favipiravir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine also showed some significant MPro inhibition. Favipiravir showed good alignment and common pharmacophore features to PDB- 5RFZ, whereas chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine showed good alignment and common pharmacophore features to PDB-5REX.
Gli interventi di contrasto alla crisi socio-economica provocata dalla pandemia da Covid-19: una possibile lettura di genere
Authors: Di Giambattista Cristina , Esposito Monica , Pulino Marcella , Rizzo Alessandro
Published: June 2021

L’integrazione della dimensione di genere nelle fasi del ciclo di una policy rappresenta un elemento dirimente per la produzione di risultati equi ed efficaci. L’articolo fornisce una panoramica delle policy di contrasto dei Paesi europei alla crisi socio-economica provocata dalla pandemia, relative alla tutela dell’occupazione e dei redditi e al sostegno delle esigenze di cura e alla fragilità economica, verificando secondo la logica del dual approach la presenza di interventi dedicati alla componente femminile del mercato del lavoro e, parallelamente, le principali implicazioni in chiave di genere. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The integration of gender mainstreaming in each stage of the policy cycle is essential to achieve equitable and effective results in policy making. This paper provides an overview of all european measures programmed to face the economic crisis due to Covid-19 pandemic. By analysing social protection measures related to social distancing, income protection, unemployment, job protection and work life balance, it tries to investigate if a gender perspective has been taken into account in the policy making process or if all policies are programmed as gender blind.
Introduction from Altered Man
Authors: Doron Claude-Olivier , Eppert Nicholas Anthony
Published: June 2021

This article includes Nicholas Anthony Eppert's English translation of the introduction from Claude-Olivier Doron's L'homme altèrè: races et dégénérescence (XVII–XIX siècles), published in French in 2016. Inspired by a Foucauldian methodology, Doron provides a novel way to approach the historiography and philosophy of race and racism. Rather than focusing on traditional ways to conceptualize race, through alterity, and racism as emerging from polygenist theories that saw races as issuing from different origins and thwarting the idea of the unity of the human species, Doron argues that race is originally linked to theories of degeneration, and can be expressed through the concept of alteration. This allows him to envisage how discursive practices of race and racism and apparatuses of power that seek to govern race operate under theories of monogenism, which take the human species as a singular unity, and under the juridico-legal and metaphysical banner of “humanity” or “the universal.”
Múltiplos Olhares Sobre Questões Emergentes do Século XXI
Authors: PEREIRA DE AGUIAR REINALDO , LUIS DA PAIXÃO CAFÉ ANDERSON , BATISTA DOS ANJOS BRUNO , DOS SANTOS FERREIRA ELINEUZA , IONE DOS SANTOS ADELMÁRIA
Published: June 2021

This work deals with the importance of decolonizing the curriculum in basic schools as an effective form of inclusion, both public and private and, by extension, in universities as determined by laws 10.639 / 03 and 11.645 / 08. The objective is to propose and analyze the construction of the curriculum in the Eurocentric mold. To carry out the research, a literature review was carried out, in which we spoke especially with Fausto Antonio (2015) and Nilma Gomes (2012). The results show that Eurocentrism and the concept of epistemicide aim at invisibilization and the inferiorization of another non-Western knowledge. Equally, Eurocentrism highlights its cultural values and, consequently, establishes a kind of model, that is, a pattern that makes other people’s knowledge production systems unfeasible and compromised.
Growth performance of Santalum album its income potentiality: A study from Pyuthan District, Nepal
Authors: Nisha Poudel  , Ram Asheshwar Mandal  , Ajay B. Mathema  , Kailash Timilsina
Published: June 2021

The Santalum album is becoming a popular income generating tree species in Nepal but its growth performance has not been assessed so far yet. Thus, this study was objectively conducted to assess mean annual increment, income from Santalum album and value chain analysis. The Private plantation of Pyuthan district was selected for the study site. The diameter and height of 450 plants were measured and their age was recorded. Total fifteen key informant interviews, forty five farmers’ interviews and one focused group discussion were conducted to collect primary data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics .Mean annual increment, price of Santalum album and contribution of Santalum album in total income were analyzed. The result showed that the highest mean annual diameter increment was 51.94 cm and lowest mean annual increment was 28.25cm, the highest mean height increment was 6.39 m and the lowest mean annual height increment was4.47m and the highest mean volume increment was 0.678 m3but the lowest mean annual volume increment was 0.134 m3. The estimated maximum range of annual income from Santalum album was US$ 221-530 which was 10-15% contribution in farmers annual income while minimum range of this was US$ 194-265 and it contributes<10%.The difference of the price of Santalum album between the farmers and users in Kathmandu was2200 times more.
The Impact of Applying Quality Standards on Improving Environmental Tourism Services for Natural Reserves in Southern Jordan
Authors: Turkey Al-Khawaldeh Lamees , Ali Al-Badayneh Ghazy
Published: June 2021

This study aimed at identifying the impact of applying quality standards on improving environmental tourism services of natural reserves in southern Jordan, the study population consisted of (5946) visitors from all natural reserves in southern Jordan. The descriptive analytical survey method was used, the study conducted a field survey using a questionnaire which was distributed to a six hundred (600) visitors from the nature reserves in southern Jordan who were chosen by a simple random method. The results of statistical analysis using the statistical program for social sciences (SPSS) showed that there is a statistically significant impact of applying quality standards (security and safety, accessibility, and Originality) on improving environmental tourism services in natural reserves in southern Jordan, in light of the study results, the study recommends the administration of natural reserves in southern Jordan to develop a plan to ensure the improvement of its eco-tourism services, by constantly applying quality standards.
The Effectiveness of Model’s Body Size in Digital and Print Advertisements
Authors: Adil Safaa , Abdeltawab Ahmad Mostafa , Lecointre-Erickson Danielle
Published: June 2021

Advertisings usually display thin bodies creating and endorsing the beauty standards of the society. Large body size models are sometimes featured in advertisings to show a more inclusive marketing communication. Previous researches have investigated consumer responses to more diverse body sizes in Beauty and Fashion industries ads. This paper aims at investigating advertisement effectiveness, for both print and digital advertisings, through consumer responses (Memorization, Aad, Ab, and Purchase Intention) to body sizes in food advertisements.

We used a mixed design study with a between group factor (Media type: Print or Digital) and a within-subject variable (body shape: large, thin or no model), via a folder test procedure. Participants were exposed to a fictive magazine to measure their responses toward advertisements featuring large size model versus thin one.

The findings reveal that “large model” advertisements are less effective compared to “thin model” advertisements for Memorization, Attitude towards Ad, and Purchasing Intention. However, participants expressed the same Attitude towards the Brand for both conditions. Moreover, hardly any significant influence of the means of exposure to ads (printed or digital) was found.

Despite the latest consumer pertinacity trends on companies to adopt diversity for social reasons; consumers, of the food industry, are still better influenced by thin models when it comes to Memorization, Aad, and PI.

Furthermore, this study offers practical and societal implications not only for the experimental design, but also for practitioners to comprehend and utilize the match‐up hypothesis of body size condition needed for their marketing and advertising objectives.
O architektonice przestrzeni.
Struktura przestrzenna term w Vals
Authors: Śliwa Aleksandra
Published: June 2021

Celem badań jest wyodrębnienie
czynników architektonicznych kształtujących
systemy przestrzenne poparte przykładem
term w Vals Petera Zumthora. Esencjonalna
analiza zmian w postrzeganiu zjawiska
architektury wskazuje na istotność pojęcia architektoniki
autorstwa Immanuela Kanta implikującego
determinujące znaczenie relacji po między elementami systemów przestrzennych.
Architektoniczny – identyfikowany powszechnie
jako pochodny słowa architektura, jest wieloznacznym
określeniem, wielokrotnie nadużywanym
przez samych architektów. Architektoniczny
– pochodny pojęcia architektonika staje
się czytelnym określeniem bazującym na
precyzyjnej podstawie semantycznej. Punktem
wyjścia dla badań tego, co w architekturze
jest istotnie architektoniczne, a więc systemowe,
jest założenie, że każda wydzielona przestrzeń,
wraz z otaczającym ją kontekstem, stanowi
intencjonalnie regulowany system – systemy
przestrzenne są zaś ramami dla odbywających
się w nich zdarzeń. Stąd architektoniczny
– to taki, który kształtuje relacje pomiędzy elementami
systemów przestrzennych, a w następstwie
– zachodzące w nich zdarzenia.
Verfassungsmäßigkeit, Organisation und Verfahren der ärztlichen Berufsgerichtsbarkeit in Niedersachsen
Authors: Böse Diana
Published: June 2021

Medical malpractice can evoke the need for sanctions below the criminal liability threshold and can be penalised by the medical professional court (Ärztliches Berufsgericht). But what about the regulations with regard to the professional judicial procedure at this court, which has so far been little treated in the literature? Is there a need for reform? This thesis is dedicated to these questions. Based on the regulations in Lower Saxony, the professional court procedure is explained and legal comparisons are made against the norms of the other federal states in Germany. For this purpose, previously unreleased adjudications by the medical professional jurisdiction in Lower Saxony are utilised and the so-called "berufsrechtlicher Überhang" is discussed. The thesis ends with proposals for amendments to the fourth part of the Kammergesetz für die Heilberufe of Lower Saxony.
„I Have a Dream“
Authors: Werner Eva
Published: June 2021

Martin Luther King and East Germany are connected both directly and indirectly. The Communist Party had the power to make public decisions on agenda-setting topics related to Martin Luther King. The Christian Bloc Party mostly represented the state and published books by Martin Luther King, which churches and the civil rights movement liked to use. Moreover, pacifists and civil rights activists used these books to undermine the political system in East Germany. Church institutions reported by far the most on Martin Luther King. This empirical study, which can also act as a basis for further research on Martin Luther King and East Germany, will appeal to both church staff and admirers of Martin Luther King.
Tetraodontiformes (Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii) from the Miocene of Argentina: with the southernmost record of fossil Tetraodontidae
Authors: GOUIRIC-CAVALLI Soledad , AZPELICUETA Maria de las Mercedes , CIONE Alberto L.
Published: June 2021

Teleostean evolution produced enormous variation in tooth morphology. This variation is related to the exploration and exploitation of very diverse dietary niches. Among extant fishes, several taxa of the order Tetraodontiformes (e.g. pufferfishes, porcupinefishes and ocean sunfishes) have evolved highly specialized beak-like tooth structures. Here we provide the first description of tetraodontiform crushing beaks from Argentina. A single complete premaxillary beak recovered from the early Miocene Gaiman Formation in Chubut Province is assigned to Molidae based on its premaxillaries being completely fused to one another along the midline, general morphology, and size. Moreover, due to the putative presence of rows of teeth fused to the thick and massive bone structure, the specimen might belong to the genus Ranzania Nardo, 1840. Several premaxillary beaks recovered in the late Miocene Paraná Formation of Entre Ríos Province are assigned to Tetraodontidae Bonaparte, 1832 based on the presence of long, slender, rod-like, and parallel dental units; premaxillae not fused in the midline but articulated by interlocking emarginations, and a few small and one large trituration dental units. Argentinian tetraodontiform fishes inhabited the warm-temperate Paranense and Patagoniense Seas (marine transgressions developed in southeastern South America) during the early-late Miocene; these specimens are the southernmost fossil record of the group worldwide. Tetraodontiforms are extremely rare in recent Argentinian marine waters. The new fossil records agree with the higher sea water surface temperatures suggested both locally and worldwide for the Miocene.
2. indlæg: Ændringer i den afsluttende del af workflowet
Authors: Frederiksen Niels Erik
Published: June 2021

Her kan du se det andet indlæg, der blev vist på vores webinar 10. juni 2021
A community-led initiative for training in reproducible research
Authors: Auer Susann , Haeltermann Nele A , Weissgerber Tracey L , Erlich Jeffrey C , Susilaradeya Damar , Julkowska Magdalena , Gazda Małgorzata Anna , Schwessinger Benjamin , Jadavji Nafisa M ,   Reproducibility for Everyone Team, Abitua Angela , Niraulu Anzela , Shah Aparna , Clyburne-Sherinb April , Guiquel Benoit , Alicea Bradly , LaManna Caroline , Ganguly Diep , Perkins Eric , Jambor Helena , Ho Li Ian Man , Tsang Jennifer , Kamens Joanne , Teytelman Lenny , Paul Mariella , Cronin Michelle , Schmelling Nicolas , Crisp Peter , Kutum Rintu , Phuyal Santosh , Sarabipour Sarvenaz , Roy Sonali , Bachle Susanna M , Tran Tuan , Ford Tyler , Steeves Vicky , Ilangovan Vinodh , Baburamani Ana , Bachle Susanna
Published: June 2021

Open and reproducible research practices increase the reusability and impact of scientific research. The reproducibility of research results is influenced by many factors, most of which can be addressed by improved education and training. Here we describe how workshops developed by the Reproducibility for Everyone (R4E) initiative can be customized to provide researchers at all career stages and across most disciplines with education and training in reproducible research practices. The R4E initiative, which is led by volunteers, has reached more than 3000 researchers worldwide to date, and all workshop materials, including accompanying resources, are available under a CC-BY 4.0 license at https://www.repro4everyone.org/.
The role of methylation in the taxis of Halobacterium halobium to light and chemo‐effectors
Authors: Bibikov S.I. , Baryshev V.A. , Glagolev A.N.
Published: July 2002

In Halobacterium halobium tactic responses towards light and chemoeffectors are accompanied by changes in the methylation level of methyl‐accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP). Taxis towards green light absorbed by the bacteriorhodopsin proton pump appears to be governed by Δ
H+‐sensing. The addition of CCCP, an uncoupler, prevented the increase of MCP methylation in response to green light illumination, but had no effect on CH3‐incorporation followed by the addition of the attractants glucose, leucine and histidine. Similarly, CCCP did not change MCP demethylation in response to blue light illumination, a repelling stimuli.

The sensitivity to an uncoupler of methylation linked to Δ
H
+‐mediated green light taxis is to be expected, while the independence of demethylation caused by the blue light of CCCP is an indication that in the latter case a specific photoreceptor governs phototaxis. Informed processing from the blue light receptor to MCP does not involve a change in the membrane potential.
Parathormone promotes glycogen formation from [14C]glucose in cultured osteoblast‐like cells
Authors: Schmid Ch. , Steiner Th. , Froesch E.R.
Published: July 2002

Parathyroid hormone stimulates [U‐14C]glucose incorporation into glycogen of cultured osteoblast‐like calvaria cells. This effect is detectable only several hours after the addition of PTH and it is mimicked by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. In contrast to insulin (in pharmacological concentrations), PTH enhances glycogen formation only in calvaria cells, but not in fibroblasts. Insulin‐like growth factor I in physiological concentrations promotes glycogen‐synthesis shortly after addition.
The effect of sodium channel activators on muscarinic receptors of neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Milligan Graeme , Strange Philip G.
Published: July 2002

Incubation of neuroblastoma N1E 115 cells with veratrine leads to an apparent reduction in the number of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors assayed by [3H]scopolamine methyl chloride binding. No true down‐regulation of the receptors occurs but a component of veratrine with muscarinic receptor affinity, which is not veratridine, enters the intracellular water space during the incubation period and competes with [3H]scopolamine methyl chloride for the muscarinic binding sites in subsequent ligand binding assays unless it is carefully washed away. Treatment of cells with the agonist carbamoylcholine does, however, lead to a true downregulation of muscarinic receptors.
Chick retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Koh Shay-Whey M. , Chader Gerald J.
Published: July 2002

Histamine elevates the intracellular cyclic AMP levels in cultured embryonic chick retinal pigment epithelium. The half‐maximal activity is 6 × 10−6 M. The effect of histamine is mediated by H2 receptors, i.e., inhibited by the H2 antagonist cimetidine and not affected by the H1 antagonists diphenhydramine and pyrilamine. The inhibition constant (K
1) of cimetidine is 1.3 × 10−8 M. Thus, the present system offers the opportunity of studying the nature of coupling between histamine receptors and adenylate cyclase under controlled conditions in a homogeneous cell type.
Polyglutamyl peptides: a new class of inhibitors of type‐2 casein kinases
Authors: Meggio Flavio , Pinna Lorenzo A. , Marchiori Fernando , Borin Gianfranco
Published: July 2002

Casein kinase‐TS (Ck‐TS), a type‐2 casein kinase purified from rat liver cytosol which phosphorylates seryl and threonyl residues N‐terminal to acidic clusters, is specifically inhibited by polyglutamyl peptides which are ineffective both on type‐1 casein kinase and on cAMP‐dependent protein kinase. The inhibition is competitive toward the protein substrate and non‐competitive toward ATP. Among the polyglutamates tested (Glu)70is the most effective (Ki0.11 μM). (Glu)10and (Glu)5are also inhibitors, though less powerful than (Glu)70, while (Glu)3, (Glu)2and free glutamic acid up to 5 mM are ineffective. These results disclose the possibility that naturally occurring polypeptides containing long stretches of acidic residues may act as physiological inhibitors of type‐2 casein kinases.
Role of calcium in serum‐stimulation of hexose transport in muscle cells
Authors: Klip Amira , Li Grace , Logan William J.
Published: July 2002

Serum stimulates glucose uptake into several cells in culture. In intact muscle, an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ has been proposed to mediate the activation of glucose, uptake by hormones and other stimuli [Cell Calcium (1980) 1, 311‐325]. We report that hexose (2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose) uptake into L6 muscle cells in culture in enhanced several‐fold by fetal calf serum. The increase in uptake is due to stimulation of transmembrane transport, since serum also stimulated uptake of the non‐metabolizable hexose 3‐O‐methyl‐D‐glucose. The role of Ca2+ in this stimulation was assessed: (i) stimulation of transport by serum was independent of the presence of extracellular Ca2+ during the incubation with serum; (ii) the intracellular levels of free Ca2+, measured by the fluorescence of the novel Ca‐indicator quin‐2, were identical in serum‐stimulated and control cells. It is concluded that hexose transport can increase in muscle cells without concomitant changes in cytoplasmic free Ca2+.
Stimulation of de novo methylation following limited proteolysis of mouse ascites DNA methylase
Authors: Adams R.L.P. , Burdon R.H. , McKinnon K. , Rinaldi A.
Published: July 2002

The ability of mouse Krebs II ascites cell DNA methylase to add methyl groups to native, unmethylated DNA (de novo activity) is stimulated by limited proteolysis. The affinity of the enzyme for DNA is not altered by this treatment but the rate of reaction is increased so that 40% or more of methylatable sites are methylated within 4.5 h. The activation is associated with a decrease in size of the enzyme to 6.2 S.
Differences in thermal stability of the fetal and adult brain myo‐inositol‐1‐phosphate synthase
Authors: Adhikari Jukta , Majumder Arun Lahiri
Published: July 2002

L‐myo‐inositol‐1‐phosphate synthase (EC 5.5.1.4) from mammalian fetal and adult brain differ considerably with respect to their stability towards different temperatures between 25–65°C. This property has been found to be associated with the presence of the synthase co‐factor, NAD, bound to the enzyme protein. The lower thermal stability of the fetal enzyme increases in presence of added NAD (0.8 mM) whereas the higher thermal stability of the adult brain enzyme declines when NAD is specifically removed from the enzyme.
Myeloperoxidase oxidation of sulfur‐centered and benzoic acid hydroxyl radical scavengers
Authors: Green Terrence R. , Fellman Jack H. , Eicher Alisa L.
Published: July 2002

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) oxidizes sulfur‐centered and benzoate hydroxyl radical scavengers through formation of HOCl. Sulfur‐centered hydroxyl radical scavengers compete with benzoate as antioxidants ofHOCl. We conclude from these observations that competition experiments between benzoate and sulfur‐centered hydroxyl radical scavengers are not sufficiently specific to infer participation of hydroxyl radicals in oxidative reactions mediated by neutrophils because of the unique action of MPO in affecting oxidation of the test radical scavengers.
Treatment of oocyte membranes with the 2',3'‐dialdehyde of guanosine triphosphate reduces progesterone inhibition of adenylyl cyclase
Authors: Olate Juan , Anker Roberto , Allende Jorge E.
Published: July 2002

Treatment of Xenopus laevis membranes with the 2',3'‐dialdehyde of GTP (dial GTP) drastically inhibits their adenylyl cyclase activity. Optimal inhibition is obtained by treatment with 1 mM dial GTP for Ih at 32°C. Using guanyl‐5'‐yl imidodiphosphate, F−, forskolin and Mn2+ as activators of the enzyme it can be concluded that dial GTP preferentially reacts with the stimulatory subunit (Ns) and slightly with the catalytic subunit. Dial GTP treatment greatly reduces the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by progesterone. Pure exogenous Ns stimulates the enzyme but does not restore progesterone inhibition. Treatment with dial [α‐32P]GTP labels several membrane proteins some of which have similar M
r to Ns and Ni.
Respiratory electron transport in plasma and thylakoid membrane preparations from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans
Authors: Molitor Veronique , Peschek Günter A.
Published: July 2002

Plasma and thylakoid membranes were separated and purified from cell‐free extracts of Anacystis nidulans by discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Plasma membranes contained less than 0.05% (w/w) chlorophyll per protein. Both plasma and thylakoid membranes oxidized horse heart ferrocytochrome c (10 ± 4 and 3 ± 1 per mg protein, respectively), with strong inhibition by low concentrations of cyanide, sulfide, azide, carbon monoxide, and salicyl aldoxime. The activity was stimulated 125% by 3.5% Tween 80 and totally suppressed by 100 mM NaCl. Oxidized cytochrome c was reduced by both types of membranes in the presence of NAD(P)H. The results indicate the occurrence of a respiratory chain including cytochrome‐c oxidase in both plasma and thylakoid membranes of A. nidulans.
Interaction of stigmatellin and DNP‐INT with the Rieske iron‐sulfur center of the chloroplast cytochrome b6‐f complex
Authors: Malkin Richard
Published: July 2002

Stigmatellin and DNP‐INT are effective inhibitors of the catalytic activity of the plastoquinol‐plastocyanin oxidoreductase complex (cytochrome b6‐f complex). Both inhibitors alter the EPR spectrum of the Rieske iron‐sulfur center but do not produce band‐shifts of cytochrome b‐563. The midpoint redox potential of the Rieske center is unaffected by either inhibitor, although both alter the DBMIB‐induced g‐value shifts of the Rieske center. The results are considered in terms of binding domains for inhibitors in the cytochrome b6‐f complex.
Photoaffinity labelling shows that Escherichia coli isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase contains a single ATP‐binding site
Authors: Varela Isabel , Nimmo Hugh G.
Published: July 2002

Ultraviolet irradiation of E.coli isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase in the presence of 8‐azidoATP resulted in parallel losses of its kinase and phosphatase activities, and in covalent attachment of the reagent to the protein at a single site. ATP and ADP protected the two activities to similar extents. The data suggest that the activation of the phosphatase by adenine nucleotides results from binding of the nucleotides to the active site of the kinase.
Molecular cloning and sequencing of the glycogen phosphorylase gene from Escherichia coli
Authors: Choi Yong-Lark , Kawamukai Makoto , Utsumi Ryutaro , Sakai Hiroshi , Komano Tohru
Published: July 2002

The glgP gene, which codes for glycogen phosphorylase, was cloned from a genomic library of Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the glgP gene contained a single open reading frame encoding a protein consisting of 790 amino acid residues. The glgP gene product, a polypeptide of M
r 87 000, was confirmed by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The deduced amino acid sequence showed that homology between glgP of E. coli and rabbit glgP, human glgP, potato glgP, and E. coli malP was 48.6, 48.6, 42.3, and 46.1%, respectively. Within this homologous region, the active site, glycogen storage site, and pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate binding site are well conserved. The enzyme activity of glycogen phosphorylase increased after introduction on a multicopy of the glgP gene.
P1 variant antithrombins Glasgow (393 Arg to His) and Pescara (393 Arg to Pro) have increased heparin affinity and are resistant to catalytic cleavage by elastase Implications for the heparin activation mechanism
Authors: Owen Maurice C. , George Peter M. , Lane David A. , Boswell D.Ross
Published: July 2002

The heparin affinity of normal and two P1 variants of antithrombin‐III (AT) was studied by gradient elution with NaCl in Tris buffer on heparin‐Sepharose. At pH 7.4 normal AT eluted art [Na+] 0.78 mol/l and the variants both showed increased affinity with AT Pescara eluting at [Na+] 0.86 mol/l and AT Glasgow at [Na+] 0.92 mol/l. We have earlier proposed a model for heparin activation in which the native state of AT maintains a salt bridge involving the P1 Arg‐393 residue. Binding of heparin induces a higher heparin affinity conformation in which the salt bridge is disrupted to reveal the reactive centre for inhibition of thrombin. The Glasgow and Pescara variants, lacking a reactive centre P1 basic residue, would be unable to form this salt bridge, and we suggested that the high affinity conformation which they adopt as their native state would resemble the heparin induced conformation. To examine this model, we measured the heparin induced fluorescence of two P1 variants and tested the susceptibility of their reactive loops to catalytic cleavage. Both variants had fluorescence spectra indistinguishable from normal AT. In the absence of heparin, neither variant was more susceptible than normal to catalytic cleavage by human neutrophil elastase. These findings suggest that the conformation of these P1 variants is different to that of fully heparinized normal AT.
A novel inositol‐containing glycosphingolipid isolated from human peripheral nerve
Authors: Månsson Jan-Eric , Rynmark Britt-Marie , Svennerholm Lars
Published: July 2002

An inositol‐phosphate‐containing glycosphingolipid, not reported earlier, was isolated from human cauda equina. Structural characterization showed the glycosphingolipid to be inosital‐phosphoryl‐2(3) galactosylceramide. The concentration varied between 25 and 30 nmol/g fresh tissue.
Specific binding of CAP‐50 to calcyclin
Authors: Minami Hiroyuki , Tokumitsu Hiroshi , Mizutani Akihiro , Watanabe Yasuo , Watanabe Masato , Hidaka Hiroyoshi
Published: July 2002

CAP‐50, a calcyclin‐associated protein with an apparent molecular mass or 50 kDa, was purified and proved to be a novel annexin [Tokumitsu, H. et al. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 8919–8924]. We examined the binding of CAP‐50 to other Ca2+‐binding proteins which have two or four EF‐hand structures, by a co‐precipitation assay with phospholipid (phosphatidylserine). Among nine Ca2+‐binding proteins (calcyclin, S‐100 proteins, p11, calgizzarin, calvasculin, calmodulin and troponin C) examined, only calcyclin interacted with CAP‐50. These results clearly show that the interaction of CAP‐50 to calcyclin is specific, i.e. other Ca2+‐binding proteins with the EF‐hand structure could not substitute for calcyclin, thereby suggesting the possible role in specific regulation of the function of CAP‐50 by Ca2+/calcyclin.
Absence of expression of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) mRNA in regenerating rat liver
Authors: Scotté Michel , Daveau Maryvonne , Hiron Martine , Ténière Paul , Lebreton Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2002

The serum level of IL‐6 and expression of IL‐6 mRNA in hepatocytes from regenerating liver were investigated in the rat. The IL‐6 level in the serum was not significantly different from that of a control group of rats submitted to an acute experimental inflammation. IL‐6 mRNA expression did not occur in the liver of hepatectomized rats as judged from Northern blotting experiments using an IL‐6 riboprobe. These results suggest that if IL‐6 is implicated in hepatic regeneration, this cytokine is not produced by the regenerating liver and must be delivered exogenously to the liver to modulate hepatic regeneration.
Mobility in pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes with multiple lipoyl domains
Authors: Machado Rosane S. , Guest John R. , Williamson Michael P.
Published: July 2002

High‐field NMR studies were carried out with genetically‐reconstructed pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complexes of Escherichia coli containing from zero to nine lipoyl domains per lipoate acetyltransferase (E2p) subunit. The only significant differences between the NMR spectra were the increasing intensities of the signals derived from the lipoyl domains and their associated linkers, and the much enhanced signal from the E3‐binding domain and its linker in complexes that are devoid of lipoyl domains. The results suggest an explanation for the presence of three lipoyl domains per E2p subunit in the wild‐type PDH complex, based on its greater inherent mobility, and potentially more efficient active‐site coupling, than any of the other complexes.
The glucose transporter of Escherichia coli
Authors: Waeber Urs , Buhr Andreas , Schunk Thomas , Erni Bernhard
Published: July 2002

The IIBCGlc transmembrane subunit of the glucose transporter of E. coli containing a carboxy‐terminal affinity tag consisting of six adjacent histidines was purified by nickel chelate affinity chromatography. The protein was constitutively overexpressed from a high copy number plasmid. 1.5 mg of 95% pure protein was obtained from 5 g (wet weight) cells. 70% of the phosphotransferase activity present in cell membranes was recovered. Adsorption to the nickel resin allows delipidation as well as rapid detergent exchange. The procedure was used to demonstrate exchange ofsubunits in the IIBCGlc dimer and it helds promise for the investigation of other protein‐protein interactions.
Cytochrome d induction in Escherichia coli growing under unfavorable conditions
Authors: Bogachev A.V. , Murtazina R.A. , Skulachev V.P.
Published: July 2002

Growth of E. Coli in the presence of the protonophorous uncoupler pentachlorophenol is shown to strongly enhance levels of cytochrome d, a putative Na+‐motive oxidase. This effect was found to be arrested by chloramphenicol and stimulated by high Na+ concentration in the growth medium. The induction of cytochrome d takes place in a mutant deficient in the F0F1 ATP‐synthase but does not occur in mutants deficient in either of two different components of the Arc system. Similar relationships were revealed when pentachlorophenol was replaced by ferricyanide and phenazine methosulfate, agents oxidizing the respiratory chain. Induction of cytochrome d is also shown to occur in riboflavin‐deficient mutants growing in the presence of such low riboflavin concentrations as to be insufficient to maintain a high respiration rate. It is suggested (i) that it is Δ−μH+ decrease rather than reduction of the respiratory chain that is the signal for the induction of cytochrome d, and (ii) the Arc system is involved in this type of metabolic regulation.
Chloroplast envelope protein encoded by chloroplast genome
Authors: Sasaki Yukiko , Sekiguchi Kazumasa , Nagano Yukio , Matsuno Ryuichi
Published: July 2002

The gene product of an open reading frame of chloroplast genome, ORF 231 in pea, was immunochemically detected in chloroplast and etioplast envelopes. This is the first protein of a Chloroplast Envelope Membrane encoded by a chloroplast genome. It was named CEM A and the gene, cem A. CEM A is an acidic protein having an apparent molecular mass of 34 kDa on SDS‐PAGE, and a minor component detected in the fractionated inner envelope.
Structure and thermal stability of the extracellular fragment of human transferrin receptor at extracellular and endosomal pH
Authors: Hadden Jonathan M. , Bloemendal Michael , Haris Parvez I. , van Stokkum Ivo H.M. , Chapman Dennis , Srai Surjit K.S.
Published: July 2002

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to study the solution structure and thermal stability of the extracellular fragment of human transferrin receptor (tfRt) at extracellular and endosomal pH. At extracellular pH tfRt is composed of 56% α‐helix, 19% β‐sheet and 14% turns. Upon acidification to endosomal pH the α‐helical content of the protein is reduced and the β‐sheet content increased by nearly 10%. At extracellular pH, the midpoint temperature of thermal denaturation (T
m) for the loss of secondary and tertiary structure, and the formation of aggregated structures, is 71°C. At endosomal pH this temperature is reduced by ≈ 15°C. The apparent entropies of thermal denaturation indicate that the native structure of tfRt at endosomal pH is far more flexible than at extracellular pH.
Mechanism of gene activation by the Escherichia coli positive regulator, OmpR: A mutant defective in transcriptional activation
Authors: Aiba Hirofumi , Kato Naoki , Tsuzuki Masakatsu , Mizuno Takeshi
Published: July 2002

The OmpR protein is an activator specific for the E. coli ompC and ompF genes. This protein functions in a phosphorylation‐dependent manner through a presumed interaction with RNA polymerase. In this study we isolated OmpR mutants which were suggested to be defective for transcriptional activation, but not for DNA binding. Two such mutants, that we isolated, have a single amino acid alteration at positions 131 [P131S], and 179 [P179L], respectively, of OmpR, comprising 239 amino acids. These altered amino acids in OmpR may be implicated, directly or indirectly, in the presumed RNA polymerase/OmpR interaction that is important for transcriptional activation.