bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yushania tongziensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new bamboo species from north Guizhou, China
Authors: ZHANG YOU-YUAN , XIE GANG , XIA NIAN-HE
Published: October 2023

Yushania tongziensis N.H. Xia, Y.Y. Zhang et G. Xie, a new species of temperate woody bamboo tribe Arundinarieae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), is described and illustrated from north Guizhou, China. The new species is morphologically similar to Y. panxianensis T.P. Yi et J.J. Shi, but differs in having culm internodes smooth, deciduous culm leaf sheaths, oral setae absent, ligules ca. 1 mm tall (vs. 1.5‒3 mm), pseudopetioles 1‒1.5 mm long (vs. 1 mm) and transverse veins inconspicuous of leaf blade. Based on the morphological features, this new species is assigned to section Brevipaniculatae.
Gray versus yellow ventral coloration: Identity, distribution, color polymorphism and molecular relationships of the microhylid frog Platypelis mavomavo Andreone, Fenolio & Walvoord, 2003
Authors: RAKOTOARISON ANDOLALAO , SCHERZ MARK D. , MULLIN KATHERINE E. , CROTTINI ANGELICA , PETZOLD ALICE , RANJANAHARISOA FIADANANTSOA A. , MAHERITAFIKA HASINA M. RABE , RAFANOHARANA JAMES M. , RAHERINJATOVO HENRI , ANDREONE FRANCO , GLAW FRANK , VENCES MIGUEL
Published: October 2023

The Malagasy frog Platypelis mavomavo from Ambolokopatrika in the North East of Madagascar was originally diagnosed based on its bright yellow venter, but only limited information on this species has become available after its initial description in 2003. Several Platypelis specimens with yellow ventral color have been erroneously assigned to this species due to a lack of DNA sequences from the P. mavomavo type series. On the other hand, the candidate species Platypelis sp. Ca10 from Andranomapanga in the Northern Central East of Madagascar with gray ventral color has been defined based on its genetic differentiation from other nominal Platypelis species. Here we study the genetic variation of P. mavomavo and P. sp. Ca10 based on mitochondrial (16S rRNA) and nuclear-encoded (RAG-1) genes, including a newly determined sequence from the P. mavomavo holotype, which was studied using a museomics approach. We find only limited genetic variation among the samples studied, and this variation is unlinked to ventral coloration but instead reflects geographic distribution. We, therefore, conclude that P. sp. Ca10 is a gray-colored variant of P. mavomavo, and that P. mavomavo is rather widespread in the North East and Northern Central East of Madagascar, with populations in areas bordering the North West (Ambohitantely) and Sambirano (Ampotsidy) geographic regions, and the yellow-bellied morph restricted to the North East (Makira, Ambolokopatrika). Due to the range extension of P. mavomavo, the conservation status of the species requires re-assessment.
Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia: detection of new signals and risk assessment in a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Maquet Julien , Lafaurie Margaux , Michel Marc , Lapeyre-Mestre Maryse , Moulis Guillaume
Published: October 2023

More than 130 drugs have been suspected to induce immune hemolytic anemia. Comparative studies measuring the risk of drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) are lacking. We aimed (1) to detect new signals of DIIHA, excluding vaccines, and (2) to assess the association between all suspected drugs and the occurrence of immune hemolytic anemia in a nationwide comparative study. The new signals were identified using a disproportionality study (case/noncase design) in the World Pharmacovigilance Database, Vigibase, among the cases of adverse drug reactions reported up to February 2020 (>20 million). We then conducted a comparative study in the French National health database that links sociodemographic, out-of-hospital, and hospital data for the entire population (67 million individuals). Associations between exposure to drugs (those already reported as DIIHA, plus new signals identified in Vigibase) and incident cases of immune hemolytic anemia (D59.0 and D59.1 diagnosis codes of the International Classification of Diseases, version 10) from 2012 to 2018 were assessed with case-control and case-crossover designs. In Vigibase, 3371 cases of DIIHA were recorded. Fifty-nine new signals were identified resulting in a final list of 112 drugs marketed in France and measurable in the nationwide cohort (n = 4746 patients with incident immune hemolytic anemia included in the case-control analysis matched with 22 447 controls from the general population). We identified an association between immune hemolytic anemia occurrence and some antibiotics, antifungal drugs, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, furosemide, azathioprine, and iomeprol.
Agitation role (Dissolved Oxygen) in production of laccase from newly identified Ganoderma multistipitatum sp. nov. and its effect on mycelium morphology
Authors: Umar Aisha , Abid Islem , Elshikh Mohamed S , Dufossé Laurent , Abdel-Azeem Ahmed M. , Ali Iftikhar
Published: October 2023

Background

Agitation speed influenced the production rate of laccase. Orbital speed not only influenced the enzyme production, but was also effective to dissolve the oxygen during growth of mycelium, spores, and chlamydospores. Shear effects of speed greatly influenced the morphology of mycelium.

Methods

Ganoderma multistipitatum was identified by ITS marker. Phylogenetic tree was constructed for species identification. Qualitatively by plate method contained guaiacol indicator, while quantitatively by submerged fermentation and Central Composite Design applied on agitation parameter for maximum laccase potential of this species. The effects of agitation speed on mycelium morphology were observed under compound and scanning electron microscope.

Results

Statistical optimization of agitation conditions were performed by using response surface methodology to enhance the production of laccase from Ganoderma multistipitatum sp. nov. Maximum laccase yield (19.44 × 105 ± 0.28 U/L) was obtained at 150 rpm grown culture, which was higher than predicted value of laccase production (19.18 × 105 U/L) under aerobic conditions (150 rpm). The 150 rpm provided the continuous flush of oxygen. The DO (dissolved oxygen) was maximum (65%) for “27 h” incubation at 150 rpm during laccase synthesis. The statistical value of laccase production was minimum under anaerobic or nearly static condition of 50 rpm. The predicted (12.78 × 105 U/L) and obtained (12.82 × 105 U/L) yield was low at 50 rpm. Optimization of orbital shaking for aeration conditions were performed by the use of “Response Surface Methodology”. The submerged shaking flasks were utilized as a nutrients growth medium to maximize the production of laccase from G. multistipitatum. The minimum incubation time highly influenced the laccase yield from 7 to 15 days via utilization of less cost-effective medium under a promising and eco-friendly method. The morphological effects of rpm on mycelium were examined under compound and scanning electron microscopy. Higher rpm (200, 230) shear the mycelium, while 150 to 200 rpm exhibited smoother and highly dense branches of mycelia.

Conclusion

The shear forces of 200 rpm caused the damages of mycelium and cells autolysis with less laccase production. This study concluded that 150 rpm saved the life of mycelium and enhanced the production rate of enzymes.
An exploratory study of delayed flash visual evoked potential P2 wave latency in subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy
Authors: Duan Lei , Ding Yu , Sun Gao-hui , Li Yun-tao
Published: October 2023

Background

Patients with cognitive dysfunction may present with significantly prolonged the P2 wave latency of flash visual evoked potential. However, no studies have been reported on whether the P2 wave latency of flash visual evoked potential is prolonged in patients with subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE).

Objective

To examine the relationship between flash visual evoked potential P2 wave latency (FVEP-P2 wave latency) and cognitive impairment in patients with SAE.

Methods

Overall, we recruited 38 SAE patients as the observation cohort (OC) and 34 healthy volunteers as the control cohort (CC). We measured the FVEP-P2 wave latency for both groups. The SAE patients’ cognitive abilities were evaluated via mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the association between the latency of FVEP-P2 and MMSE score was explored by Pearsons´s correlation test.

Results

There is no significant difference between OC (21 males and 17 females; 68.6 ± 6.7 years of age and 9.6 ± 2.8 years of education) and CC (19 males and 15 females; 65.3 ± 5.9 years of age and 10.1 ± 2.6 years of education) in gender and age composition and education level. The FVEP-P2 wave latency of the CC group was (108.80 ± 16.70) ms and the OC FVEP-P2 wave latency was (152.31 ± 20.70) ms. The OC FVEP-P2 wave latency was significantly longer than the CC (P < 0.05). In terms of MMSE scores, the MMSE scores of CC was (28.41 ± 2.34), and that of OC was (9.08 ± 4.39). Compared to the CC, the OC MMSE score was significantly lower (P < 0.05). In addition, the FVEP-P2 wave latency was inversely related to the MMSE (r = -0.4465, P < 0.05) in SAE patients.

Conclusion

The FVEP-P2 wave latency wave latency was significantly prolonged in SAE patients and strongly associated with the degree of cognitive dysfunction.
Vision-related quality of life among released from treatment cases of leprosy evaluated with NEI-VFQ-25: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Irawati Yunia , Andayani Gitalisa , Rahayu Tri , Zakiyah Hindun , Kurniawardhani Dewinta Retno , Paramita Carennia , Bani Anna Puspitasari , Daniel Hisar , Susiyanti Made , Lestari Yeni Dwi , Friska Dewi , Menaldi Sri Linuwih , Harini Melinda
Published: October 2023

Background

People with leprosy who have been declared Release From Treatment (RFT) are often not aware of the leprosy sequelae possibility which can decrease their quality of life. This could be because they have been adapting for a long time hence they do not feel the need to see physicians. This study seeks to compare the results of Vision-Related Quality of Life (VR-QoL) among RFT persons based on the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire–25 (NEI-VFQ-25) and WHO grading disability based on physical examination.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 325 RFT subjects from leprosy communities (Singkawang, West Kalimantan and Tangerang, Banten) was conducted between 2018 and 2019. We used the NEI-VFQ-25 questionnaire that had been validated and translated into Indonesian and distributed to the leprosy population. Relationships and comparisons among variables were evaluated using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests.

Results

There were three main results: The median composite score of VR-QoL for WHO grade 0, 1, and 2 disabilities has decreased by 13%, 25.5%, and 30% of the maximum value, respectively. Of the total, eleven subscales were statistically significant between WHO grading disability and VR-QoL based on the NEI-VFQ-25 (p < 0.05). The comparison between grade 0 and grade 2 disability in all subscales was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The grade of disability is related to their VR-QoL assessment using the NEI-VFQ-25 questionnaire. Thus, it can be used as an initial screening in primary healthcare settings to increase awareness of disability before a thorough physical examination.
Predictive models for sepsis in children with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Chen , Tan Dongdong , Yu Jiajia , Liu Jingxian , Shen Dihua , Li Shuang , Zhao Shiyong , Zhang Liya , Li Huajun , Cai Kang , Xu Shanshan , Huang Lisu
Published: October 2023

Background

The presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the bloodstream can lead to the development of sepsis; however, the severity and risk factors of the systemic inflammatory response to Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections were unclear. This study is aimed to build a model to predict the risk of sepsis in children with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of hospitalized pediatric patients diagnosed with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections was performed between January 2013 and December 2019. Each patient was assessed using the pediatric version of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (pSOFA) within 24 h of blood culture collection. A nomogram based on logistic regression models was constructed to predict the risk factors for sepsis in children with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. It was validated using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

Of the 94 patients included in the study, 35 cases (37.2%) developed sepsis. The pSOFA scores ranged from 0 to 8, with 35 patients having a pSOFA score of ≥ 2. Six children (6.4%) died within 30 days, who were all from the sepsis group and had different pSOFA scores. The most common organs involved in sepsis in children with staphylococcal bloodstream infections were the neurologic system (68.6%), respiratory system (48.6%), and coagulation system (45.7%). Hospital-acquired infections (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–7.2), implanted catheters (aOR, 10.4; 95% CI, 3.8–28.4), procalcitonin level ≥ 1.7 ng/mL (aOR, 15.4; 95% CI, 2.7–87.1), and underlying diseases, especially gastrointestinal malformations (aOR, 14.0; 95% CI, 2.9–66.7) were associated with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. However, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection was not a risk factor for sepsis. The nomogram had high predictive accuracy for the estimation of sepsis risk, with an AUC of 0.85.

Conclusions

We developed a predictive model for sepsis in children with Staphylococcus aureus infection.
Characteristics of theory of mind impairment and its relationship with clinical symptoms and neurocognition in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Wu Ying , Song Song , Shen Yueqi
Published: October 2023

Background

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a mental disorder that can cause severe disability, including impairment of social cognition, which is considered a core feature of SCZ, and the Theory of Mind (ToM) is a core component of social cognition. Although many studies have confirmed the presence of ToM impairment in patients with SCZ, its characteristics in terms of different orders (first-order and second-order) and components remain unclear, and no studies have investigated the independent correlations between such impairment and clinical symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the characteristics of ToM impairment in patients with SCZ.

Methods

This study included 30 patients with SCZ and 30 healthy controls who were matched for age, sex, and level of education. The clinical symptoms of the patients with SCZ were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), and the neurocognitive ability of the subjects was evaluated using the Trail Making Test, Symbol Coding Test, and Digit Span Test. The degree of ToM impairment of the subjects at different stages (first- and second-order) and for individual components was evaluated using the Yoni task. Latent profile analysis and network analysis were conducted to identify and analyze the potential ToM performance types, and independent correlations were assessed between ToM impairment and clinical symptoms.

Results

The patients with SCZ exhibited significant first-order and second-order impairment (P < 0.05), and the second-order affective ToM component was mainly reflected by complex affective states (P = 0.003). The latent profile analysis revealed that ToM impairments in patients with SCZ could be classified into groups with complete, second-order, and comprehensive defects, whereas it was impossible to classify patients according to differences in the cognitive and affective ToM components. The Network analysis demonstrated that the cognitive component of ToM was associated with positive symptoms, whereas the affective ToM component was associated with negative symptoms.

Conclusion

Patients with SCZ exhibited differences in order levels and ToM impairments, as well as different defect types. In addition, cognitive and affective ToM components may be related to different psychotic symptoms; therefore, understanding these differences could promote the rehabilitation of patients with SCZ.
The association of herpes zoster and influenza vaccinations with the risk of developing dementia: a population-based cohort study within the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Lophatananon Artitaya , Carr Matthew , Mcmillan Brian , Dobson Curtis , Itzhaki Ruth , Parisi Rosa , Ashcroft Darren M. , Muir Kenneth R.
Published: October 2023

Background

Dementia affects ability to remember, think, or make decisions that interfere with doing everyday activities. There is no cure, therefore any prevention or delay of the onset is of importance. This study aims to investigate the association between zoster and influenza vaccinations and the risk of developing dementia.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using electronic health records from 1469 general practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum database with linked hospital episode statistics (HES) and Office for National Statistics (ONS) mortality records. We built two 'matched cohorts': zoster vaccine (854,745 exposed individuals) matched with 8.8 million comparators without a history of zoster vaccination, and influenza vaccine (742,487 exposed individuals) matched with 7.12 million comparators without a history of vaccination as another comparator group. The cohorts were then followed to assess the association of exposure (vaccine) with outcome (dementia diagnosis).

Results

Zoster vaccination was associated with a lower risk of dementia diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.78 with 95% CI: 0.77–0.79), Alzheimer’s diagnosis (adjusted HR 0.91 with 95% CI: 0.89–0.92 and other types of dementia (adjusted HR 0.71 with 95% CI: 0.69–0.72). Influenza vaccination also was associated with a slightly reduced hazard of dementia risk (adjusted HR 0.96 with 95% CI: 0.94–0.97).

Conclusion

Both zoster vaccine for prevention of shingles / herpes zoster and influenza vaccine to prevent influenza were associated with diminished risk of dementia, with the zoster association appearing more pronounced.
A predictive model for preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia based on ferroptosis-related lncRNAs
Authors: Zhang Ziming , Chen Kewei , Pan Dandan , Liu Tieshuai , Hang Chengcheng , Ying Yuhan , He Jia , Lv Ying , Ma Xiaolu , Chen Zheng , Liu Ling , Zhu Jiajun , Du Lizhong
Published: October 2023

Background

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most challenging chronic lung disease for prematurity, with difficulties in early identification. Given lncRNA emerging as a novel biomarker and the regulator of ferroptosis, this study aims to develop a BPD predictive model based on ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (FRLs).

Methods

Using a rat model, we firstly explored mRNA levels of ferroptosis-related genes and ferrous iron accumulation in BPD rat lungs. Subsequently, a microarray dataset of umbilical cord tissue from 20 preterm infants with BPD and 34 preterm infants without BPD were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Random forest and LASSO regression were conducted to identify diagnostic FRLs. Nomogram was used to construct a predictive BPD model based on the FRLs. Finally, umbilical cord blood lymphocytes of preterm infants born before 32 weeks gestational age and term infants were collected and determined the expression level of diagnostic FRLs by RT-qPCR.

Results

Increased iron accumulation and several dysregulated ferroptosis-associated genes were found in BPD rat lung tissues, indicating that ferroptosis was participating in the development of BPD. By exploring the microarray dataset of preterm infants with BPD, 6 FRLs, namely LINC00348, POT1-AS1, LINC01103, TTTY8, PACRG-AS1, LINC00691, were determined as diagnostic FRLs for modeling. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of the model was 0.932, showing good discrimination of BPD. In accordance with our analysis of microarray dataset, the mRNA levels of FRLs were significantly upregulated in umbilical cord blood lymphocytes from preterm infants who had high risk of BPD.

Conclusion

The incorporation of FRLs into a predictive model offers a non-invasive approach to show promise in improving early detection and management of this challenging chronic lung disease in premature infant, enabling timely intervention and personalized treatment strategies.
Cross-reactive antibody response to Monkeypox virus surface proteins in a small proportion of individuals with and without Chinese smallpox vaccination history
Authors: Xia Anqi , Wang Xiaojie , He Jiaying , Wu Wei , Jiang Weiyu , Xue Song , Zhang Qianqian , Gao Yidan , Han Yuru , Li Yaming , Peng Xiaofang , Xie Minxiang , Mayer Christian T. , Liu Jie , Hua Chen , Sha Yiou , Xu Wei , Huang Jinghe , Ying Tianlei , Jiang Shibo , Xie Youhua , Cai Qiliang , Lu Lu , Silva Israel T. , Yuan Zhenghong , Zhang Yixiao , Wang Qiao
Published: October 2023

Background

After the eradication of smallpox in China in 1979, vaccination with the vaccinia virus (VACV) Tiantan strain for the general population was stopped in 1980. As the monkeypox virus (MPXV) is rapidly spreading in the world, we would like to investigate whether the individuals with historic VACV Tiantan strain vaccination, even after more than 40 years, could still provide ELISA reactivity and neutralizing protection; and whether the unvaccinated individuals have no antibody reactivity against MPXV at all.

Results

We established serologic ELISA to measure the serum anti-MPXV titer by using immunodominant MPXV surface proteins, A35R, B6R, A29L, and M1R. A small proportion of individuals (born before 1980) with historic VACV Tiantan strain vaccination exhibited serum ELISA cross-reactivity against these MPXV surface proteins. Consistently, these donors also showed ELISA seropositivity and serum neutralization against VACV Tiantan strain. However, surprisingly, some unvaccinated young adults (born after 1980) also showed potent serum ELISA activity against MPXV proteins, possibly due to their past infection by some self-limiting Orthopoxvirus (OPXV).

Conclusions

We report the serum ELISA cross-reactivity against MPXV surface protein in a small proportion of individuals both with and without VACV Tiantan strain vaccination history. Combined with our serum neutralization assay against VACV and the recent literature about mice vaccinated with VACV Tiantan strain, our study confirmed the anti-MPXV cross-reactivity and cross-neutralization of smallpox vaccine using VACV Tiantan strain. Therefore, it is necessary to restart the smallpox vaccination program in high risk populations.
An alpha-helix variant p.Arg156Pro in LMNA as a cause of hereditary dilated cardiomyopathy: genetics and bioinfomatics exploration
Authors: Chang Lei , Huang Rong , Chen Jianzhou , Li Guannan , Shi Guangfei , Xu Biao , Wang Lian
Published: October 2023

LMNA gene encodes lamin A/C protein which participates in the construction of nuclear lamina, the mutations of LMNA result in a wide variety of diseases known as laminopathies. LMNA-related dilated cardiomyopathy(LMNA-DCM) is one of the more common laminopathy which characterized by progressive heart failure and arrhythmia. However, the mutation features of LMNA-DCM are yet to be elucidated. Herein we described a dilated cardiomyopathy family carrying novel variant c.467G > C(p.Arg156Pro) of LMNA as heterozygous pathogenic variant identified by whole-exome sequencing. With the help of Alphafold2, we predicted mutant protein structure and found an interrupted α-helix region in lamin A/C. In the analysis of 49 confirmed pathogenic missense of laminopathies, Chi-square test showed the DCM phenotype was related to the α-helix region mutation (p < 0.017). After screening the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both mice models and human patients in Gene Expression Omnibus database, we found the variation of α-helix-coding region in LMNA caused abnormal transcriptomic features in cell migration, collagen-containing extracellular matrix, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Subsequently we constructed (TF)-mRNA-microRNA (miRNA) regulatory network and identified 7 key genes (FMOD, CYP1B1, CA3, F2RL1, HAPLIN1, SNAP91, and KANSL1) as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets in LMNA-DCM patients.
CYP19A1 promotes gastric cancer as part of a lipid metabolism-related gene signature related to the response of immunotherapy and prognosis
Authors: Zhou Xinyi , Meng Fanyu , Xiao Linmei , Shen Hua
Published: October 2023

Background

Increasing evidence suggests that the metabolism of lipids plays a crucial role in the progression of gastric cancer. However, the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes (LMGs) still does not serve as a prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer.

Methods

We obtained transcriptome data for 751 LMGs and divided STAD patients into two subtypes based on differences in LMGs expression. Then, we analyzed genetic changes in two subtypes as well as immune features to determine their differences. We also constructed a prognostic risk model related to LMGs for individualized comprehensive evaluations.

Results

In this study, two lipid metabolic (LM) subtypes were identified anchored in the expression profiles of LMGs. Clinical information, genomic alterations, immune features, and immunotherapy response varied significantly between the two LM subtypes. A risk model based on LMGs was also developed to assess prognosis and distinguish patients with high risk from those at low risk. The prognosis differed significantly between the two risk groups of patients. In STAD patients, the risk score was strongly correlated with genomic alterations and immune profile scores. Also, the risk score was an excellent predictor of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) response. Anchored in preliminary results derived from the aforementioned bioinformatic analysis, we chose CYP19A1 as our target gene and the expression of CYP19A1 was verified in several common gastric cancer cell lines. Then, we carried out the Western blotting, CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay to explore the effects of CYP19A1 on malignant biological behavior, and positive consequences were obtained.

Conclusions

In this study, STAD patients were divided into two subtypes based on LMGs expression. It is possible to assess the prognosis of a patient and the response to immunotherapy using the established prognostic risk model. A series of basic laboratory experiments also verified the functional role of CYP19A1 in gastric cancer.
Double-edged sword of JAK/STAT signaling pathway in viral infections: novel insights into virotherapy
Authors: Mahjoor Mohamad , Mahmoudvand Golnaz , Farokhi Simin , Shadab Alireza , Kashfi Mojtaba , Afkhami Hamed
Published: October 2023

The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) is an intricate signaling cascade composed of various cytokines, interferons (IFN, growth factors, and other molecules. This pathway provides a delicate mechanism through which extracellular factors adjust gene expression, thereby acting as a substantial basis for environmental signals to influence cell growth and differentiation. The interactions between the JAK/STAT cascade and antiviral IFNs are critical to the host’s immune response against viral microorganisms. Recently, with the emergence of therapeutic classes that target JAKs, the significance of this  cascade has been recognized in an unprecedented way. Despite the functions of the JAK/STAT pathway in adjusting immune responses against viral pathogens, a vast body of evidence proposes the role of this cascade in the replication and pathogenesis of viral pathogens. In this article, we review the structure of the JAK/STAT signaling cascade and its role in immuno-inflammatory responses. We also highlight the paradoxical effects of this pathway in the pathogenesis of viral infections.

Graphical Abstract
Association of diabetes risk reduction diet with renal cancer risk in 101,755 participants: a prospective study
Authors: Xiang Ling , Xiao Yi , Xu Zhiquan , Luo Haoyun , Ren Xiaorui , Wei Qi , Zhu Zhiyong , Jiang Yahui , Tang Yunhao , He Hongmei , Zhou Zhihang , Gu Haitao , Wang Yaxu , Peng Linglong
Published: October 2023

Background

There is little prospective evidence exists about whether adherence to a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) is related to a significant reduction in renal cancer risk. We sought to clarify whether adherence to DRRD was associated with a reduced risk of renal cancer in a US population.

Methods

A population-based cohort of 101,755 American adults was identified from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. A DRRD score was calculated to assess adherence to this dietary pattern, where increased scores indicated greater adherence. The relationship between DRRD score and risk of renal cancer was assessed based on the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), which were both calculated using Cox regression. Non-linear association was determined through restricted cubic spline regression. Potential effect modifiers were identified through subgroup analyses.

Results

Over a mean follow-up of 8.8 years, 446 renal cancers were detected. In this analysis, the fully adjusted model depicted a notable 29% reduction in the risk of renal cancer among individuals in the highest quartile of DRRD score in comparison with the lowest quartile individuals (HRQ4 vs. Q1: 0.71; 95% CI = 0.54, 0.94;Ptrend = 0.008). This association remained consistent across a series of sensitivity analyses. A non-linear inverse dose–response association between renal cancer risk with DRRD score was observed (Pnonlinearity = 0.026). Subgroup analyses showed that this favorable link was more prominent in participants with low Healthy Eating Index-2015 (Pinteraction = 0.015). Regarding the individual components of DRRD, a decrease in the risk of renal cancer was linked to increased intake of cereal fiber and whole fruit, and lower sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (allPtrend < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that individuals adhering to DRRD are associated with a reduction in the risk of renal cancer.
Amniotic membrane and/or umbilical cord tissue for treatment of facet joint syndrome: a narrative review
Authors: Gupta Ashim , Maffulli Nicola
Published: October 2023

Musculoskeletal spine disorders, especially low back pain, induce enormous amounts of stress and financial burden on individuals and healthcare systems throughout the world. Disorders of the facet joints in the lumbar spine are the most predominant cause of back pain, resulting in facet joint syndrome (FJS). Conventional treatments for FJS are short-lived and have limitations and side effects. Thus, safer and more effective alternatives that can reduce pain and improve patient-reported outcomes are needed. Recently, the utilization of biologics, including the ones derived from perinatal tissue such as amniotic membrane (AM) and umbilical cord (UC), has significantly increased for regenerative medicine applications. This manuscript summarizes the outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies utilizing AM and/or UC for FJS. We identified no preclinical studies and 3 retrospective studies utilizing the search terms “amniotic membrane” and/or “umbilical cord” and “facet joint syndrome”. The administration of AM + UC is safe and potentially efficacious for patients with FJS. However, more preclinical studies and appropriately powered, multi-center, prospective non-randomized and randomized controlled studies with longer follow-up are warranted to further evaluate the efficacy of AM + UC to justify its clinical use.
Is nitric oxide a clue to endemic goitre in highlanders?
Authors: Lundberg Jon O. , Weitzberg Eddie
Published: October 2023

Goitre is commonly caused by a lack of iodine in the diet. This condition is particularly prevalent in high-altitude areas where iodine deficiency is common. Here we speculate that inorganic nitrate, the oxidation product of nitric oxide, which is generated endogenously at very high levels in highlanders, further increases the risk of goitre and thyroid dysfunction in this population by inhibiting the transport of iodide into the thyroid gland. Indeed, it is well-known that nitrate and iodide compete for such transport. While iodine scarcity is a primary cause of goitre, the excessive nitrate levels in highlanders may further hinder iodide transport, exacerbating the problem.
M6A methylation modification in autoimmune diseases, a promising treatment strategy based on epigenetics
Authors: Huang Yurong , Xue Qiuyun , Chang Jun , Wang Yuting , Cheng Chenglong , Xu Suowen , Wang Xiao , Miao Chenggui
Published: October 2023

Background

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification is involved in the regulation of various biological processes, including inflammation, antitumor, and antiviral immunity. However, the role of m6A modification in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has been rarely reported.

Methods

Based on a description of m6A modification and the corresponding research methods, this review systematically summarizes current insights into the mechanism of m6A methylation modification in autoimmune diseases, especially its contribution to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Results

By regulating different biological processes, m6A methylation is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and provides a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases. Notably, m6A methylation modification is involved in regulating a variety of immune cells and mitochondrial energy metabolism. In addition, m6A methylation modification plays a role in the pathological processes of RA, and m6A methylation-related genes can be used as potential targets in RA therapy.

Conclusions

M6A methylation modification plays an important role in autoimmune pathological processes such as RA and SLE and represents a promising new target for clinical diagnosis and treatment, providing new ideas for the treatment of autoimmune diseases by targeting m6A modification-related pathways.
Hepatorenal pathologies in TNF-transgenic mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis are alleviated by anti-TNF treatment
Authors: Li Xuefei , Wang Yi , Chen Ziqiang , Ruan Ming , Yang Can , Zhou Maolin , Li Ning , Xing Lianping , Xu Hao , Yang Ling , Shi Qi , Wang Yongjun , Chen Jinman , Liang Qianqian
Published: October 2023

Objective

To examine and quantify liver and kidney lesions and their response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in a TNF-Tg mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Female TNF-Tg (Tg3647) mice were used as the animal model for chronic RA. Ultrasound, immunofluorescence, histological staining, serology tests, and real-time RT-PCR were used to examine the pathological changes in the liver and kidney.

Results

TNF-Tg mice showed a significant decrease in the body weight and a dramatic increase in the volumes of the gallbladder, knee cavity, and popliteal lymph nodes. The liver and kidneys of TNF-Tg mice showed increased chronic inflammation and accumulation of immune cells and fibrosis, compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, upregulation of inflammatory factors and impaired normal function were observed in the liver and kidneys of TNF-Tg mice. Inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis of the liver and kidneys of female TNF-Tg mice were improved after anti-TNF treatment, and better treatment effects were achieved at 4.5-month-old mice when they were received 8 weeks of intervention.

Conclusions

We found that TNF drives the development of liver and kidney pathology in female TNF-Tg mice and that there are limitations to the loss of utility of anti-TNF for the prolonged treatment of RA-associated hepatic and renal injury. This study provides a reliable and clinically relevant animal model for further studies exploring the molecular mechanisms and drug discovery for hepatorenal pathologies in RA.
The diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound to determine PiCCO-derived extravascular lung water in invasively ventilated patients with COVID-19 ARDS
Authors: Atmowihardjo Leila N. , Schippers Job R. , Haaksma Mark E. , Smit Marry R. , Bogaard Harm J. , Heunks Leo , Juffermans Nicole P. , Schultz Marcus J. , Endeman Henrik , van Velzen Patricia , Tuinman Pieter R. , Aman Jurjan , Bos Lieuwe D. J.
Published: October 2023

Background

Lung ultrasound (LUS) can detect pulmonary edema and it is under consideration to be added to updated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) criteria. However, it remains uncertain whether different LUS scores can be used to quantify pulmonary edema in patient with ARDS.

Objectives

This study examined the diagnostic accuracy of four LUS scores with the extravascular lung water index (EVLWi) assessed by transpulmonary thermodilution in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS.

Methods

In this predefined secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized-controlled trial (InventCOVID), patients were enrolled within 48 hours after intubation and underwent LUS and EVLWi measurement on the first and fourth day after enrolment. EVLWi and ∆EVLWi were used as reference standards. Two 12-region scores (global LUS and LUS–ARDS), an 8-region anterior–lateral score and a 4-region B-line score were used as index tests. Pearson correlation was performed and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROCC) for severe pulmonary edema (EVLWi > 15 mL/kg) was calculated.

Results

26 out of 30 patients (87%) had complete LUS and EVLWi measurements at time point 1 and 24 out of 29 patients (83%) at time point 2. The global LUS (r = 0.54), LUS–ARDS (r = 0.58) and anterior–lateral score (r = 0.54) correlated significantly with EVLWi, while the B-line score did not (r = 0.32). ∆global LUS (r = 0.49) and ∆anterior–lateral LUS (r = 0.52) correlated significantly with ∆EVLWi. AUROCC for EVLWi > 15 ml/kg was 0.73 for the global LUS, 0.79 for the anterior–lateral and 0.85 for the LUS–ARDS score.

Conclusions

Overall, LUS demonstrated an acceptable diagnostic accuracy for detection of pulmonary edema in moderate–to–severe COVID-19 ARDS when compared with PICCO. For identifying patients at risk of severe pulmonary edema, an extended score considering pleural morphology may be of added value.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04794088, registered on 11 March 2021. European Clinical Trials Database number 2020–005447-23.
Subchondral insufficiency fractures, subchondral insufficiency fractures with osteonecrosis, and other apparently spontaneous subchondral bone lesions of the knee—pathogenesis and diagnosis at imaging
Authors: Malghem Jacques , Lecouvet Frédéric , Vande Berg Bruno , Kirchgesner Thomas , Omoumi Patrick
Published: October 2023

Subchondral insufficiency fractures (SIFs) and SIFs with osteonecrosis (SIF-ONs) of the knee (previously misnamed spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK)) are bone lesions that appear without prior traumatic, tumoral, or inflammatory event.

Both conditions are characterized in the early stages by epiphyseal bone marrow edema (BME)-like signal at MRI. However, while SIFs usually heal spontaneously, they can also evolve to osteonecrosis (i.e., SIF-ON), which may progress to an irreversible collapse of the articular surface. Careful analysis of other MRI signs may help differentiate the two conditions in the early phase. In SIFs, the BME edema-like signal extends to the area immediately adjacent to the subchondral plate, while in SIF-ONs, this subchondral area shows low signal intensity on fluid-sensitive MR images due to altered bone marrow. The thickness and length of subchondral areas with low fluid-sensitive signal intensity are important factors that determine the prognosis of SIF-ONs. If they are thicker than 4 mm or longer than 14 mm, the prognosis is poor. The differential diagnosis of SIFs and SIF-ONs include bone lesions associated with the “complex regional pain syndrome” (CRPS), epiphyseal osteonecrosis of systemic origin, and those related to cartilage pathology.

Clinical relevance statement Imaging plays an essential role in diagnosing subchondral insufficiency fractures (SIFs) from subchondral insufficiency fractures with osteonecrosis (SIF-ONs) and collapse, as well as in distinguishing them from other spontaneous knee subchondral bone lesions presenting with bone marrow edema-like signal.

Key points

• Subchondral insufficiency fractures may affect the knee, especially in older adults.

• Subchondral insufficiency fractures usually heal spontaneously.

• Sometimes, subchondral osteonecrosis and collapse may complicate subchondral insufficiency fractures.

• Bone marrow-like edema is an aspecific sign seen in all these lesions.

• Degraded marrow in osteonecrosis complicating fractures is hypointense on fluid-sensitive sequences.

Graphical Abstract
Generalizations of Levinson type inequalities via new Green functions with applications to information theory
Authors: Rasheed Awais , Khan Khuram Ali , Pečarić Josip , Pečarić Đilda
Published: October 2023

In this paper, four new Green functions are used to generalize Levinson-type inequalities for the class of 3-convex functions. The f-divergence, Renyi entropy, Renyi divergence, Shannon entropy, and the Zipf–Mandelbrot law are also used to apply the main results to information theory.
Predictors of inoculant-based technology adoption by smallholder soybean farmers in northern Ghana: implications for soil fertility management
Authors: Anang Benjamin Tetteh , Dagunga Gilbert , Bosompem Martin
Published: October 2023

Inoculant-based technologies are environmentally friendly and economic ways to improve soil fertility status by incorporating atmospheric nitrogen into root nodules of leguminous crops to increase crop yield. The uptake of inoculant-based technologies by smallholder farmers in Ghana is not well documented despite measures by research institutions to introduce these technologies to farmers. This study therefore sought to investigate the farmer characteristics, farm-level, input and institutional-level determinants of inoculant-based technology adoption by small-scale soybean producers in Northern Ghana, relying on cross-sectional data and double-hurdle modelling. This study identified the main drivers of inoculant adoption as farmers’ age, sex, educational status, household size, agrochemicals adoption, soil fertility status, extension contact, farmer group membership and participation in off-farm work. Intensity of adoption, expressed as expenditure per hectare on inoculants was significantly influenced by household size, degree of specialization in soybean production, agrochemicals adoption, cost of ploughing, cattle ownership and participation in off-farm work. The results showed that the decision to adopt inoculant technology and the intensity of adoption are influenced by different sets of variables. Improving smallholders’ access to agricultural extension and promoting participation in farmer groups are expected to enhance inoculant technology adoption to promote grain legume production.
Beyond generalized anxiety: the association of anxiety sensitivity with disordered eating
Authors: Bazo Perez Maria , Hayes Timothy B. , Frazier Leslie D.
Published: October 2023

Background

Anxiety and eating disorders (EDs) are rising at alarming rates. These mental health disorders are often comorbid, yet the factors associated with their comorbidity are not well understood. The present study examined a theoretical model of the pathways and relative associations of anxiety sensitivity (AS) with different dimensions of ED risk, controlling for generalized anxiety.

Methods

Participants (N = 795) were undergraduate students with an average age of 21 (SD = 4.02), predominantly female (71%), and Hispanic (71.8%). Participants completed an online survey with established measures of AS (i.e., Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3; ASI-3), general anxiety (i.e., Beck Anxiety Inventory; BAI), and eating behaviors (i.e., Eating Attitudes Test-26; EAT-26).

Results

The results of our structural equation models indicated that AS subscales were significantly associated with dimensions of the EAT-26, even when controlling for generalized anxiety. Specifically, the ASI-3 factors reflecting cognitive and social concerns provided the most consistent significant associations with EDs. Whereas reporting higher cognitive concerns was associated with higher ED symptoms (e.g., reporting the urge to vomit after a meal), reporting higher social concerns was associated with fewer ED symptoms. These differential results may suggest risk and resilience pathways and potential protective or buffering effects of social concerns on ED risk.

Discussion

Findings advance understanding of the role of AS in the comorbidity of anxiety and EDs, demonstrating the strong association of AS with ED pathology. These findings provide cognitive indicators for transdiagnostic therapeutic intervention in order to reduce the risk of EDs.
Competency levels and influential factors of college students’ mobile learning readiness in Thailand
Authors: Diteeyont Watsatree , Heng-Yu Ku
Published: October 2023

One of the key successes of learning through mobile technology comes from the competencies of learners. This study aimed to investigate the overall competency levels of mobile learning readiness and four influential factors (connectivist learners, technology readiness, self-directed learning, and netiquette) that may impact college students’ mobile learning readiness in Thailand. The surveys were given to 583 Thai college students who came from various fields such as Social Science, Agriculture, Engineering and Computer Science, and Science. Descriptive statistical procedures were used to generate overall mobile learning readiness and the confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine whether the competencies of connectivist learners, technology readiness, self-directed learning, and netiquette influence the mobile learning readiness of college students in Thailand. The results showed that overall mobile learning readiness among Thai college students was at a high level in which learners’ competency in technology readiness was the most influential factor related to their mobile learning readiness, followed by the competencies of self-directed learning, netiquette, and connectivist learners. The results of this study could provide useful guidance for instructors in designing effective instruction, activities, and learning materials that encourage learners to be successful in the mobile learning environment. The future study may explore other related factors such as learners’ cultural backgrounds, educational systems, or government supports that may influence mobile learning readiness among learners in higher education in different countries.