bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arsenic-Induced Injury of Mouse Hepatocytes through Lysosome and Mitochondria: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Santra Amal , Bishnu Debasree , Santra Suman , Ghatak Subhadip , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi , Dhali Gopal Krishna , Chowdhury Abhijit
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims. The cellular mechanism of liver injury related to arsenic toxicity is ill defined. It is thought that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may play some role in arsenic-induced liver damage. In this study, we evaluated subcellular events within the primary cultured mouse hepatocytes when exposed to inorganic arsenic. Methods. Primary cultured mouse hepatocytes were treated with 10 μM arsenic for different time periods. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, functional changes of the lysosome and mitochondria, and mode of hepatocytes death were studied by laser confocal microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and flow cytometry. Expression of proapoptotic member of the BCL-2 family of genes BAX and antiapoptotic BCL-2 mRNA expression were studied by real-time PCR. Cytochrome c expression was studied by Western blotting. Results. Fluorescence spectroscopy as well as flow cytometric analysis revealed that arsenic-induced formation of ROS was time dependent. Confocal microscopy showed initiation of ROS formation from periphery of the hepatocytes at 30 min of arsenic exposure that progressed to central part of the hepatocytes at 3 h of arsenic exposure. The ROS formation was found to be NADPH oxidase (NOX) dependent. This low level of intracellular ROS induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and subsequently released cathepsin B to the cytosol. The LMP further increased intracellular ROS which in turn triggered induction of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). Pretreatment of hepatocytes with LMP inhibitor bafilomycin A (BafA) significantly decreased, and LMP inducer chloroquine (ChQ) significantly increased the production of ROS suggesting that LMP preceded enhanced ROS generation in response to arsenic. MPT was accompanied with increase in BAX : BCL2 mRNA ratio resulting in upregulation of caspase 3 and increased hepatocyte apoptosis. Conclusion. Although arsenic-related oxidative liver injury is well established, neither the site of origin of ROS nor the early sequence of events in arsenic toxicity due to ROS is known. We believe that our study provides evidences elucidating the early sequence of events that culminates in the death of the mouse hepatocytes during arsenic exposure.
M2 Macrophage‐Derived Exosomes Inhibit Apoptosis of HUVEC Cell through Regulating miR‐221‐3p Expression
Authors: Cheng Xiandong , Zhou Hong , Zhou Ying , Song Cheng
Published: September 2022

Atherosclerosis (AS) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates and currently has no effective treatment. This study was aimed at investigating the role of macrophage exosomes in the inflammation and apoptosis after HUVEC injury. We established the HUVEC injury model using 100 mg/L oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) or 50 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Cell proliferation was assessed using cell counting kit‐8 (CCK8) assays, and the expression of miR‐221, TNF‐α, and IL‐6, IL‐10, and IL‐1β was detected using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). The apoptotic rate was analyzed by the TUNEL method, and the expressions of apoptosis‐related proteins Bcl2, Caspase‐3, and c‐myc were detected by western blotting. Finally, miR‐221‐3p mimics and miR‐221‐3p inhibitors were constructed by liposome transfection to determine the mechanism of action of macrophage exosomes on HUVEC injury. The expression levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α in the injury groups were higher than those in the normal group, but the expression of IL‐10 in the injury groups was lower than that in the normal group. Meanwhile, the apoptotic rate of the HUVEC cell injury group was higher than that of the normal group. In contrast, the expression levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α were lower in the M2 macrophage exosome (M2‐Exo) group, but the expression of IL‐10 was higher compared with the control group. The apoptosis rate was reduced in the M2‐Exo group, and the expression of the proapoptotic gene Caspase‐3 was reduced, while the expression of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl2 was increased. Liposome transfection of miR‐221‐3p mimics was able to enhance the effect of M2 macrophage exosomes. Thus, M2‐Exo promotes HUVEC cell proliferation and inhibits HUVEC cell inflammation and apoptosis. miR‐221‐3p overexpression attenuates HUVEC cell injury‐induced inflammatory response and apoptosis, while miR‐221‐3p gene inhibition enhances this inflammatory response and apoptosis.
Mapping Landslide Sensitivity Based on Machine Learning: A Case Study in Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Zhao Baoxin , Zhu Jingzhong , Hu Youbiao , Liu Qimeng , Liu Yu
Published: September 2022

The main purpose of this research is to apply the logistic regression (LR) model, the support vector machine (SVM) model based on radial basis function, the random forest (RF) model, and the coupled model of the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and genetic algorithm (GA) with RF, to make landslide susceptibility mapping for the Ankang City of Shaanxi Province, China. To this end, a landslide inventory map consisting of 4278 identified landslides is randomly divided into training and test landslides in a ratio of 7 : 3. The 15 landslide influencing factors are selected as follows: slope aspect, slope degree, elevation, terrain curvature, plane curvature, profile curvature, surface roughness, distance to faults, distance to roads, landform, lithology, distance to rivers, rainfall, stream power index (SPI), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the potential multicollinearity problem among these factors is detected by Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), variance inflation factor (VIF), and tolerance (TOL). We evaluate the performance of the model separately by statistical training and test dataset metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, kappa, mean absolute error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The training success rates of LR, SVM, RF, WOA-RF, and GA-RF models are 0.7546, 0.8317, 0.8561, 0.8804, and 0.8957; the testing success rates are 0.7551, 0.8375, 0.8395, 0.8348, and 0.85007. The results show that the GA significantly improves the predictive power of the RF model. This study provides a scientific reference for disaster prevention and control in this area and its surrounding areas.
Behavior Trees for Smart Robots Practical Guidelines for Robot Software Development
Authors: Dortmans Eric , Punter Teade
Published: September 2022

Behavior Trees are a promising approach to model the autonomous behaviour of robots in dynamic environments. Behavior Trees represent action selection decisions as a tree of decision nodes. The hierarchy of these decision nodes provides the planning of actions of the robot including its reactions on exceptions. Behavior Trees enable flexible planning and replanning of robot behavior while supporting better maintainable decision-making than traditional Finite State Machines. This paper presents an overview of lessons, which we have learned when applying Behavior Trees to various autonomous robots. We present these lessons as a sequence of steps that is meant to support robot software practitioners to develop their systems.
Effect of Immunophilin Inhibitors on Cochlear Fibroblasts and Spiral Ganglion Cells
Authors: Goblet Madeleine , Lenarz Thomas , Paasche Gerrit
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Loss of hair cells and degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) lead to severe hearing loss or deafness. The successful use of a cochlear implant (CI) depends among other factors on the number of surviving SGN. Postoperative formation of fibrous tissue around the electrode array causes an increase in electrical impedances at the stimulating contacts. The use of immunophilin inhibitors may reduce the inflammatory processes without suppressing the immune response. Here, we report on in vitro experiments with different concentrations of immunophilin inhibitors MM284 and compound V20 regarding a possible application of these substances in the inner ear. Methods: Standard cell lines (NIH/3T3 fibroblasts), freshly isolated SGN, and fibroblasts from neonatal rat cochleae (p3–5) were incubated with different concentrations of immunophilin inhibitors for 48 h. Metabolic activity of fibroblasts was investigated by MTT assay and cell survival by counting of immunochemically stained neurons and compared to controls. Results: MM284 did not affect SGN numbers and neurite growth at concentrations of 4 × 10−5 mol/L and below, whereas V20 had no effect at 8 × 10−6 mol/L and below. Metabolic activity of fibroblasts was unchanged at these concentrations. Conclusion: Especially MM284 might be considered as a possible candidate for application within the cochlea.
Impacts of Gestational FireMaster 550 Exposure on the Neonatal Cortex Are Sex Specific and Largely Attributable to the Organophosphate Esters
Authors: Witchey Shannah K. , Doyle Michael G. , Fredenburg Jacob D. , St. Armour Genevieve , Horman Brian , Odenkirk Melanie T. , Aylor David L. , Baker Erin S. , Patisaul Heather B.
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Flame retardants (FRs) are common bodily and environmental pollutants, creating concern about their potential toxicity. We and others have found that the commercial mixture FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) or its individual brominated (BFR) and organophosphate ester (OPFR) components are potential developmental neurotoxicants. Using Wistar rats, we previously reported that developmental exposure to FM 550 or its component classes produced sex- and compound-specific effects on adult socioemotional behaviors. The underlying mechanisms driving the behavioral phenotypes are unknown. Methods: To further mechanistic understanding, here we conducted transcriptomics in parallel with a novel lipidomics approach using cortical tissues from newborn siblings of the rats in the published behavioral study. Inclusion of lipid composition is significant because it is rarely examined in developmental neurotoxicity studies. Pups were gestationally exposed via oral dosing to the dam to FM 550 or the BFR or OPFR components at environmentally relevant doses. Results: The neonatal cortex was highly sexually dimorphic in lipid and transcriptome composition, and males were more significantly impacted by FR exposure. Multiple adverse modes of action for the BFRs and OPFRs on neurodevelopment were identified, with the OPFRs being more disruptive than the BFRs via multiple mechanisms including dysregulation of mitochondrial function and disruption of cholinergic and glutamatergic systems. Disrupted mitochondrial function by environmental factors has been linked to a higher risk of autism spectrum disorders and neurodegenerative disorders. Impacted lipid classes included ceramides, sphingomyelins, and triacylglycerides. Robust ceramide upregulation in the OPFR females could suggest a heightened risk of brain metabolic disease. Conclusions: This study reveals multiple mechanisms by which the components of a common FR mixture are developmentally neurotoxic and that the OPFRs may be the compounds of greatest concern.
O sequestro da Independência
Authors: Schwarcz Lilia Moritz
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é rever a “lenda dourada da Independência”, que toma o final pelo começo: a saída conservadora e monárquica como se fosse um dado inevitável. Não era, e vale a pena estruturar as bases dessa interpretação muito calcada na experiência do Sudeste – em especial Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo – e na elaboração da tela de Pedro Américo, chamada Independência ou morte, que foi, na verdade, um presente de filho para pai; uma tentativa de elevar a monarquia num momento de crise e que resultaria no seu final.
Um pensamento social negro brasileiro, após os anos 1930
Authors: Silva Mário Augusto Medeiros da
Published: September 2022

Tratarei de aspectos de estudos sobre um pensamento social do Brasil angulado, especificamente no século XX, por intelectuais negros e negras. São estudos sobre direitos dos sujeitos e da cidadania negra produzidos por intelectuais negras e negros, em particular no século XX, criadores de um pensamento negro sobre o país, que o interpreta naquilo que possui de iníquo e o fabula a partir da experiência social negra. A abordagem que proponho se baseia na seleção de temas comuns que uma perspectiva intelectual negra tenha enfrentado em diferentes momentos, para dar conta da experiência negra afro-brasileira. Essa experiência tem a ver com a luta por direitos civis, sociais e políticos e compõe a história da cidadania brasileira.
Sinus Tachycardia: a Multidisciplinary Expert Focused Review
Authors: Mayuga Kenneth A. , Fedorowski Artur , Ricci Fabrizio , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Dukes Jonathan Walter , Gibbons Christopher , Hanna Peter , Sorajja Dan , Chung Mina , Benditt David , Sheldon Robert , Ayache Mirna B. , AbouAssi Hiba , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Grubb Blair P. , Hamdan Mohamed H. , Stavrakis Stavros , Singh Tamanna , Goldberger Jeffrey J. , Muldowney James A.S. , Belham Mark , Kem David C. , Akin Cem , Bruce Barbara K. , Zahka Nicole E. , Fu Qi , Van Iterson Erik H. , Raj Satish R. , Fouad-Tarazi Fetnat , Goldstein David S. , Stewart Julian , Olshansky Brian
Published: September 2022

Sinus tachycardia (ST) is ubiquitous, but its presence outside of normal physiological triggers in otherwise healthy individuals remains a commonly encountered phenomenon in medical practice. In many cases, ST can be readily explained by a current medical condition that precipitates an increase in the sinus rate, but ST at rest without physiological triggers may also represent a spectrum of normal. In other cases, ST may not have an easily explainable cause but may represent serious underlying pathology and can be associated with intolerable symptoms. The classification of ST, consideration of possible etiologies, as well as the decisions of when and how to intervene can be difficult. ST can be classified as secondary to a specific, usually treatable, medical condition (eg, pulmonary embolism, anemia, infection, or hyperthyroidism) or be related to several incompletely defined conditions (eg, inappropriate ST, postural tachycardia syndrome, mast cell disorder, or post-COVID syndrome). While cardiologists and cardiac electrophysiologists often evaluate patients with symptoms associated with persistent or paroxysmal ST, an optimal approach remains uncertain. Due to the many possible conditions associated with ST, and an overlap in medical specialists who see these patients, the inclusion of experts in different fields is essential for a more comprehensive understanding. This article is unique in that it was composed by international experts in Neurology, Psychology, Autonomic Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Exercise Physiology, Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Endocrinology, Cardiology, and Cardiac Electrophysiology in the hope that it will facilitate a more complete understanding and thereby result in the better care of patients with ST.
Heart Failure Strategically Focused Research Network: Summary of Results and Future Directions
Authors: Felker G.Michael , Buttrick Peter , Rosenzweig Anthony , Abel E. Dale , Allen Larry A. , Bristow Michael , Das Saumya , DeVore Adam D. , Drakos Stavros G. , Fang James C. , Freedman Jane E. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Li Dean Y. , McKinsey Timothy A. , Newton‐Cheh Christopher , Rogers Joseph G. , Shah Ravi V. , Shah Svati H. , Stehlik Josef , Selzman Craig H.
Published: September 2022

Heart failure remains among the most common and morbid health conditions. The Heart Failure Strategically Focused Research Network (HF SFRN) was funded by the American Heart Association to facilitate collaborative, high‐impact research in the field of heart failure across the domains of basic, clinical, and population research. The Network was also charged with developing training opportunities for young investigators. Four centers were funded in 2016: Duke University, University of Colorado, University of Utah, and Massachusetts General Hospital‐University of Massachusetts. This report summarizes the aims of each center and major research accomplishments, as well as training outcomes from the HF SFRN.
Network Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials Evaluating the Comparative Efficacy of Lipid‐Lowering Therapies Added to Maximally Tolerated Statins for the Reduction of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Toth Peter P. , Bray Sarah , Villa Guillermo , Palagashvili Tamara , Sattar Naveed , Stroes Erik S. G. , Worth Gavin M.
Published: September 2022

Background

Lowering low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels decreases major cardiovascular events and is recommended for patients at elevated cardiovascular risk. However, appropriate doses of statin therapy are often insufficient to reduce LDL‐C in accordance with current guidelines. In such cases, treatment could be supplemented with nonstatin lipid‐lowering therapy.

Methods and Results

A systematic literature review and network meta‐analysis were conducted on randomized controlled trials of nonstatin lipid‐lowering therapy added to maximally tolerated statins, including statin‐intolerant patients. The primary objective was to assess relative efficacy of nonstatin lipid‐lowering therapy in reducing LDL‐C levels at week 12. Secondary objectives included the following: LDL‐C level reduction at week 24 and change in non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B at week 12. There were 48 randomized controlled trials included in the primary network meta‐analysis. All nonstatin agents significantly reduced LDL‐C from baseline versus placebo, regardless of background therapy. At week 12, evolocumab, 140 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W)/420 mg once a month, and alirocumab, 150 mg Q2W, were the most efficacious regimens, followed by alirocumab, 75 mg Q2W, alirocumab, 300 mg once a month, inclisiran, bempedoic acid/ezetimibe fixed‐dose combination, and ezetimibe and bempedoic acid used as monotherapies. Primary end point results were generally consistent at week 24, and for other lipid end points at week 12.

Conclusions

Evolocumab, 140 mg Q2W/420 mg once a month, and alirocumab, 150 mg Q2W, were consistently the most efficacious nonstatin regimens when added to maximally tolerated statins to lower LDL‐C, non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels and facilitate attainment of guideline‐recommended risk‐stratified lipoprotein levels.
Evaluation of an Ambulatory ECG Analysis Platform Using Deep Neural Networks in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Fiorina Laurent , Maupain Carole , Gardella Christophe , Manenti Vladimir , Salerno Fiorella , Socie Pierre , Li Jia , Henry Christine , Plesse Audrey , Narayanan Kumar , Bourmaud Aurélie , Marijon Eloi
Published: September 2022

Background

Holter analysis requires significant clinical resources to achieve a high‐quality diagnosis. This study sought to assess whether an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based Holter analysis platform using deep neural networks is noninferior to a conventional one used in clinical routine in detecting a major rhythm abnormality.

Methods and Results

A total of 1000 Holter (24‐hour) recordings were collected from 3 tertiary hospitals. Recordings were independently analyzed by cardiologists for the AI‐based platform and by electrophysiologists as part of clinical practice for the conventional platform. For each Holter, diagnostic performance was evaluated and compared through the analysis of the presence or absence of 5 predefined cardiac abnormalities: pauses, ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation/flutter/tachycardia, high‐grade atrioventricular block, and high burden of premature ventricular complex (>10%). Analysis duration was monitored. The deep neural network–based platform was noninferior to the conventional one in its ability to detect a major rhythm abnormality. There were no statistically significant differences between AI‐based and classical platforms regarding the sensitivity and specificity to detect the predefined abnormalities except for atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia (atrial fibrillation, 0.98 versus 0.91 and 0.98 versus 1.00; pause, 0.95 versus 1.00 and 1.00 versus 1. 00; premature ventricular contractions, 0.96 versus 0.87 and 1.00 versus 1.00; ventricular tachycardia, 0.97 versus 0.68 and 0.99 versus 1.00; atrioventricular block, 0.93 versus 0.57 and 0.99 versus 1.00). The AI‐based analysis was >25% faster than the conventional one (4.4 versus 6.0 minutes;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

These preliminary findings suggest that an AI‐based strategy for the analysis of Holter recordings is faster and at least as accurate as a conventional analysis by electrophysiologists.
Fluid Volume Homeostasis in Heart Failure: A Tale of 2 Circulations
Authors: Miller Wayne L.
Published: September 2022

Fluid volume homeostasis in health and heart failure (HF) requires a complex interaction of 2 systems, the intravascular and interstitial‐lymphatic circulations. With the development of HF both the intravascular and interstitial compartments undergo variable degrees of volume remodeling which can include significant expansion. This reflects the impact of multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms on both fluid compartments which initially play a compensatory role to stabilize intravascular circulatory integrity but with progression in HF can evolve to produce the various manifestations of volume overload and clinical HF congestion. The intent of this review is to help enhance recognition of the pathophysiologic and clinical importance of the interlinked roles of these 2 circulatory systems in volume regulation and chronic HF. It would also be hoped that a better understanding of the interacting functions of the intravascular and interstitial‐lymphatic fluid compartments can potentially aid development of novel management strategies particularly addressing the generally undertargeted interstitial‐lymphatic system and help bring such approaches forward through a more integrated view of these 2 circulatory systems.
Blood‐Based Fingerprint of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Long‐Term Health Outcomes in Young Adulthood
Authors: Shah Ravi V. , Miller Patricia , Colangelo Laura A. , Chernofsky Ariel , Houstis Nicholas E. , Malhotra Rajeev , Velagaleti Raghava S. , Jacobs David R. , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Reis Jared P. , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Clish Clary B. , Larson Martin G. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Murthy Venkatesh L. , Lewis Gregory D. , Nayor Matthew
Published: September 2022

Background

Cardiorespiratory fitness is a powerful predictor of health outcomes that is currently underused in primary prevention, especially in young adults. We sought to develop a blood‐based biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness that is easily translatable across populations.

Methods and Results

Maximal effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing for quantification of cardiorespiratory fitness (by peak oxygen uptake) and profiling of >200 metabolites at rest were performed in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study; 2016–2019). A metabolomic fitness score was derived/validated in the FHS and was associated with long‐term outcomes in the younger CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. In the FHS (derivation, N=451; validation, N=914; age 54±8 years, 53% women, body mass index 27.7±5.3 kg/m
2
), we used LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression to develop a multimetabolite score to predict peak oxygen uptake (correlation with peak oxygen uptake
r
=0.77 in derivation, 0.61 in validation; both
P
<0.0001). In a linear model including clinical risk factors, a ≈1‐SD higher metabolomic fitness score had equivalent magnitude of association with peak oxygen uptake as a 9.2‐year age increment. In the CARDIA study (N=2300, median follow‐up 26.9 years, age 32±4 years, 44% women, 44% Black individuals), a 1‐SD higher metabolomic fitness score was associated with a 44% lower risk for mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.56 [95% CI, 0.47–0.68];
P
<0.0001) and 32% lower risk for cardiovascular disease (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.55–0.84];
P
=0.0003) in models adjusted for age, sex, and race, which remained robust with adjustment for clinical risk factors.

Conclusions

A blood‐based biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness largely independent of traditional risk factors is associated with long‐term risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in young adults.
Left Atrial Volumes and Function, and Long‐Term Incidence of Ischemic Stroke in the General Population
Authors: Larsen Bjørn Strøier , Olsen Flemming Javier , Andersen Ditte Madsen , Madsen Christoffer Valdorff , Møgelvang Rasmus , Jensen Gorm Boje , Schnohr Peter , Aplin Mark , Høst Nis Baun , Christensen Hanne , Sajadieh Ahmad , Biering‐Sørensen Tor
Published: September 2022

Background

Left atrial (LA) volumes and emptying fraction in the general population may address structural and functional aspects of atrial cardiomyopathy associated with long‐term risk of ischemic stroke in the absence of atrial fibrillation or prior stroke. We investigated the association between LA volumes and function and ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results

In a community‐based cohort, we measured LA minimal volume, LA maximal volume, and LA emptying fraction by transthoracic echocardiography. The primary end point was ischemic stroke. Participants with known atrial fibrillation or prior ischemic stroke were excluded, which resulted in 1866 participants. The mean age was 58±16 years, and 57% were women. During a median follow‐up of 16.5 years (interquartile range: 11.4–16.8 years), 176 (9.4%) ischemic strokes occurred. In multivariable cause‐specific regression models and competing risk models with death as a competing risk, LA emptying fraction was associated with ischemic stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14 per 10% decrease [95% CI, 1.02–1.28]) and (subdistribution HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01–1.29]). This association remained when adjusting for participants who developed atrial fibrillation during follow‐up (HR, 1.12 per 10% decrease [95% CI, 1.00–1.26]). Indexed LA volumes were not associated with ischemic stroke in the same models. LA emptying fraction and indexed LA volumes were not associated with all‐cause mortality.

Conclusions

Lower LA emptying fraction measured by transthoracic echocardiography was associated with future ischemic stroke independently of incident atrial fibrillation.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02993172.
Mechanism of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Formation: An Anatomical Specimens-Based Study
Authors: Rzepliński Radosław , Sługocki Mikołaj , Tarka Sylwia , Tomaszewski Michał , Kucewicz Michał , Karczewski Krzysztof , Krajewski Paweł , Małachowski Jerzy , Ciszek Bogdan
Published: September 2022

Background:

Despite advances in understanding various risk and prognostic factors, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is connected to very high morbidity and mortality, while the therapy is mainly supportive. Understanding of the pathophysiology of initial hematoma expansion is limited due to insufficient clinical data and lack of a suitable animal model.

Methods:

We injected 40 anatomic specimens of the basal ganglia with contrast medium, scanned them with a micro-computed tomography scanner and analyzed the results of radiological studies, direct and histological examinations.

Results:

In 9 cases, micro-computed tomography and histological examinations revealed contrast medium extravasations mimicking intracerebral hematomas. The artificial hematomas spread both proximally and distally along the ruptured perforator and its branches in the perivascular spaces and detached the branches from the adjacent neural tissue leading to destruction of the tissue and secondary extravasations. Moreover, some contrast extravasations skipped to the perivascular spaces of unruptured perforators, created further extravasation sites and aggravated the expansion of the artificial hematoma. There was no subarachnoid extension of any artificial hematoma.

Conclusions:

We postulate that a forming basal ganglia intracerebral hematoma spreads initially in the perivascular space, detaches the branches from the neural tissue and causes secondary bleeding. It can also skip to the perivascular space of a nearby perforator. The proposed mechanism of hematoma initiation and formation explains extent of damage to the neural tissue, variability of growth in time and space, creation of secondary bleeding sites, and limited usefulness of surgical interventions. The model is reproducible, the extent of the artificial hematoma can be easily controlled, the rupture sites of the perforating arteries can be determined, and preparation of the model does not require specialized, expensive equipment apart from the micro-computed tomography scanner.
Evangelical Theology in Germany
Authors: Yarbrough Robert W.
Published: September 2022

Germany theology since the Enlightenment has gained a reputation, not totally undeserved, for theological innovation more in keeping with modernity’s claims than the Scripture’s. Today a small but significant group of theologians and biblical scholars is defying that image. An informal survey documents a solid core of well-thought evangelical conviction among a number of published scholars in German-speaking Europe. Figures like K. Haacker in NT, G. Maier in hermeneutics, L. von Padberg in historical theology and epistemology, and E. Linnemann in Synoptic criticism are registering telling criticisms of reigning disciplinary orthodoxies. They are also mapping out better paths. Their work deserves careful attention from evangelicals grappling with analogous, and sometimes identical, issues in English-speaking contexts.
Elements of Federal Theology in the Religious Thought of John Locke
Authors: Jinkins Michael
Published: September 2022

The article describes the rise and character of Federal Calvinism with its understanding of God’s two (eventually, three) covenants and its propositional understanding of revelation. Against this background he discusses the development of the philosophy of John Locke; while the sources of Locke’s thinking were many and broad, it is contended that his understanding of the Christian faith is in terms of believing certain propositions about Jesus, and that his legal understanding of the atonement fits into the federal framework.
Issues in Religious Toleration from the Reformation to the Present Day
Authors: Keith Graham
Published: September 2022

Religious toleration is comparatively rare. Perhaps it flourishes best in conditions of religious indifference and relativism.

Despite initial outbreaks of intolerance, the Reformation did sow the seed for toleration by stressing the individual conscience as bound to Scripture. The ideal of liberty of conscience did not, however, prove an unmixed blessing; it promoted toleration only because early Protestant hopes for a uniform understanding of Scripture proved overoptimistic. Liberty of conscience was soon associated with a personal liberty outside of external controls.

Today liberty of conscience is subsumed under human rights. While this broader slogan seemingly promises religious toleration, it suffers from imprecision as the common human nature implicit in the theory is seldom defined satisfactorily. The resulting void may mean that religious toleration will be lost amid a welter of competing humanitarian goals. At the same time it gives Christians an opportunity to contribute specifically biblical insights on human nature.
Thomas Forsyth Torrance’s Critique of Evangelical (Protestant) Orthodoxy
Authors: Morrison John D.
Published: September 2022

Within Thomas Torrance's larger criticism of the destructive re-entrenchment of philosophical dualism in theology, he also gives briefer criticism to what he sees as the dualism of ‘modern Protestant (evangelical) orthodoxy’. Its ‘nominalistic’ separation of the Word of God as Scripture from God in his objective economic self-disclosure falsely disjoins the Word from God. While acknowledging the propriety of much of Torrance's concern, this article endeavours of show a problematic disjunction in Torrance’s own thought at this very point and to suggest a way of recovery that will enhance Torrance’s own profound and constructive Christocentric Trinitarian theo-logical purpose.
Towards a Theology of Homosexuality
Authors: Yates John C.
Published: September 2022

Theologies of homosexuality may be categorised as essentialist or constructionist. The latter interprets sexuality within the relative framework of culture and socially constructed meanings, whereas essentialism seeks an ontological ground for deciding what is just and loving in the sexual arena. A theological anthropology based on Genesis 1:26-27 sees both a trinitarian reference and the necessary corollary that male plus female is constitutive of the image of God. The differentiation of humanity as male and female in an ontologically complementary manner is the ground for the 'one flesh' union of Genesis 2:24. The union of persons which is the goal of intercourse is therefore impossible in same-sex coupling. Thus homosexual practice is essentially disordered and de-humanising.
The Teaching of Luther and Calvin about Ordinary Work: 2. John Calvin (1509–64)
Authors: Hart Ian
Published: September 2022

Luther and Calvin abolished the mediaeval distinction between the superior order of those who prayed and the inferior order of those who did ordinary work. Calvin went even further than Luther in his stress on God's positive blessing of daily work and conferred a hitherto unknown dignity upon it as an integral part of the Christian life.
Jesus Christ: Model Man of Faith, or Saving Son of God?
Authors: Parker David
Published: September 2022

In his article, The Hypostatic Union: How did Jesus Function? [EQ 65:4 (1993), 311–327], Roger Helland has focused helpfully on the humanity of Jesus. But in declaring that Jesus performed his mighty deeds as a man empowered by the Spirit and thereby functioned as a model of faith for believers, he has raised questions about the incarnation and Jesus’ role in relation to his people; thus Helland is led to a reduced Christology and a dubious spirituality focused on the emulation of Jesus.

In response, it is argued that certain key aspects of Chalcedonian Christology provide a satisfactory explanation of the human and the divine inJesus by stressing the unity of the person. Furthermore, the doctrine of imago Dei and Christ’s atoning work suggest spirituality is based in forigiveness and reconciliation and the church’s mission is the proclamation of the victory of the gospel in the name of Jesus.
The Glory of God’s Justice and the Glory of God’s Grace: Contemporary reflections on the doctrine of Hell in the teaching of Jonathan Edwards
Authors: Colwell John E.
Published: September 2022

This article reviews Jonathan Edwards’ conception of hell as unending punishment in response to those, both then and now, who would propose a conditionalist or annihilationist understanding. While Edwards’ arguments against any form of annihilationism are impressive, his underlying conception of the doctrine of God, implicit in the manner in which he juxtaposes God’s justice and God’s grace, is questioned in the light of the significance of the Cross.
God or god?: Arianism, Ancient and Modern
Authors: Macleod Donald
Published: September 2022

This study begins with an attempt to derive from 4th century discussions a definition of Arianism. It then notes the re-emergence of Arianism after the Reformation and traces its development within both the Church of England and English Nonconformity, focussing particularly on Isaac Watts and Philip Doddridge. It looks at the factors which account for this development, including the aversion to human creeds which so deeply influenced the Nonconformist mindset. The study concludes that men like Doddridge, passionately committed to theological freedom, underestimated the threat which Arianism poses to Christianity.
A New Testament Perspective on Worship
Authors: Stuart Streeter S.
Published: September 2022

‛Worship’ in the contemporary Christian setting is often applied to the specific acts or rituals of believers in a particular place of worship, usually a church building. Recent attempts to clarify the meaning of ‛worship’ as it is found in the NT suggest that the contemporary usage is in error and/or misleading. There is infrequent use of proskuneō in the NT and it is never applied to the gathering of Christians in the sense that ‛worship’ is used today. John 4 defines worship as a relationship to the Spirit and truth of Christ in the sense of Paul’s en Christō formula. proskuneō occurs six times in the Apostolic Fathers, usually in reference to pagan practices, and in this setting supports the perspective of John 4 and the NT.
The Affective Spirituality of John Owen
Authors: King David M.
Published: September 2022

This article notes that in recent discussions regarding ‛evangelical spirituality’ reference is often made to Puritanism as a worthy source tradition, but that such references occasionally portray Puritan spirituality as primarily rationalistic as opposed to affective. This article demonstrates that Puritanism, as exemplified by John Owen, was highly affective. Owen stresses the place of experience in the Christian life to provide assurance and stability, and commends contemplation to stir up the needed affections. Examples are finally given of Owen’s own descriptions of proper affections toward Christ, which at times move toward the religious ecstacy of the mystic.
J. Gresham Machen, the Reformed Tradition, and the Transformation of Culture
Authors: Hart D. G.
Published: September 2022

A world and life view which makes all of life subservient to the Lordship of Christ—sometimes called ‛the transformation of culture’—has become the chief way among North American Evangelicals of distinguishing the Reformed tradition. While there is some justification for this perception, contemporary understandings of the Reformed outlook betray important aspects of Reformed theology and perhaps, more important, neglect real intellectual and social difficulties in current discussions about transforming culture. This paper features the thought of J. Gresham Machen on the nature and task of the church as a way of understanding better the cultural implications of the Reformed tradition. Though often dismissed as a fundamentalist, this paper argues that Machen’s conception of the relationship between Christianity and culture perpetuated the Reformed tradition’s teaching about the work of the church while offering a realistic assessment of the perils and possibilities of modern society.
Two new replacement names for Dracaena serrulata Baker and D. robusta Ridley (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae)
Authors: IDREES MUHAMMAD , ZHANG ZHIYONG , JIAO YONGQING , ZHENG XU
Published: September 2022

N/A
Cymbidium ×shangrilaense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new natural hybrid from China: evidence from morphology and molecular analyses
Authors: KE SHIJIE , ZHU MENG-JIA , ZHAO XUEWEI , LIU DING-KUN , LI YUANYUAN , HUANG JIE , ZHANG QING-HAI , LIU ZHONG-JIAN , LAN SIREN
Published: September 2022

A new natural hybrid of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae), C. ×shangrilaense, from Yunnan Province, China, is illustrated and described. This entity may be a natural hybrid between C. tracyanum and C. gaoligongense. Morphologically, it differs from former by epidermal stripes and column and lip midlobe morphology and from the latter by its flower veins and lip morphology. Molecular analysis based on nuclear (ITS) DNA clearly indicated a relationship of the natural hybrid to group of Cymbidium species, whereas the plastid DNA (matK and rbcL) tree confirmed the natural hybrid as sister to C. tracyanum, C. subgenus Cyperorchis.
Describing Passiflora coloranigra, a striking new species of Passiflora supersection Laurifoliae (Passifloraceae) from Panama
Authors: KUETHE J.R. , MEERMAN JAN
Published: September 2022

After having been incorrectly identified as Passiflora ambigua for years, a new species was revealed during a revision project to the Passiflora supersection Laurifoliae. The morphology of the plant, as well as the coronal structure and colour of the large showy flowers suggest a closer taxonomic relationship with Passiflora nitida rather than Passiflora ambigua. However, the very unusual colour of the corolla and fruit, as well as the location and shape of the petiolar nectaries, are distinctively different from either two species, and the uniquely coloured flowers are among some of the darkest colours seen in Laurifoliae overall. This led to further fieldwork and the eventual conclusion of Passiflora coloranigra sp. nov. Its ecology, taxonomy and association with the other species within Passiflora supersect. Laurifoliae are discussed in this paper.
The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe ×vadensis [K. blossfeldiana × K. marmorata var. somaliensis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an early nothospecies produced in The Netherlands in the 1950s
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: September 2022

The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe ×vadensis (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) [hybrid formula: K. blossfeldiana × K. marmorata var. somaliensis], an artificially produced amphidiploid, are discussed and clarified. An amplified description is provided for the nothospecies. The name K. ×vadensis is epitypified.
Descriptions of the developmental stages of Cafius nauticus (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae), with comments on its biology
Authors: CAI YU-JIE , TANG LIANG
Published: September 2022

The egg, two larval instars (L1, 2) and pupa of Cafius nauticus (Fairmaire) are described for the first time. Detailed external structures of the mature larvae are re-described. The structural features of each instar are illustrated as well as the adults. Biological information including intra- and interspecific interactions and ecological preferences are recorded for the first time.
The caddisflies from Serra dos Órgãos National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with the description of two new species of Ochrotrichia Mosely (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Ochrotrichiinae)
Authors: SANTOS ALLAN PAULO MOREIRA , MARQUES RAQUEL ALMEIDA , HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA ANA LUCIA , ALVES ANDRÉ ALMEIDA , DUMAS LEANDRO LOURENÇO
Published: September 2022

The Serra dos Órgãos National Park (PARNASO) is a federal conservation unit located in Rio de Janeiro State, within the Atlantic Forest biome. This biome is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots and has high diversity and endemism of caddisfly taxa. Here, we present a checklist of caddisflies from PARNASO, including the description of two new species of Ochrotrichia Mosely (Hydroptilidae). Ochrotrichia sino sp. nov. and Ochrotrichia papel sp. nov. are assigned to the O. aldama Species Group due to the divided tergum X in male genitalia, although in the first one tergum X is not simple as in most species in this group. Ochrotrichia sino sp. nov. is recognized by tergum X having a broad basal portion bearing a basodorsal spine-like process on the left side and the apical portion with two elongate processes, one curved and crossing the other one underneath. Ochrotrichia papel sp. nov. is distinguished by the elongate inferior appendages, by tergum IX having its posterior margin obliquely emarginate, and tergum X being divided into two processes, the left one longer and almost straight, the right one curved to the left, slightly upturned in lateral view. The list of PARNASO species is based on isolated records in literature and on specimens in the Coleção Entomológica Professor José Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Departamento de Zoologia) [UFRJ (DZRJ)], with samples collected since 2009. A total of 95 species were recorded from the PARNASO, of which eight are new distributional records for Rio de Janeiro State. Hydroptilidae (27 spp.), followed by Hydropsychidae (13 spp.), Leptoceridae, and Philopotamidae (12 spp. each) are the families with highest species richness. Before this work, only about 20 species of caddisflies were formally registered from the park area. In this way, this work is an important contribution to fill the gaps of knowledge caused by “Wallacean” and “Linnean” shortfalls.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Negative Outcomes Among Justice-Involved Youth: Moderating Effects of Protective Factors
Authors: Bergquist Becca K. , Schmidt Adam T. , Thomas April G.
Published: September 2022

Justice-involved youth experience significantly higher rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) compared to the general population, which lead to negative outcomes such as greater criminal involvement and mental health disorders. Such effects emphasize the need to examine the role of protective factors on the development of these negative outcomes. This study uses data from 519 youth referred to a probation department in Southeast Texas to examine the effects of ACEs and the direct and mitigating effects of protective factors on a youth’s criminal involvement and mental health symptoms. Results from hierarchical linear regression models emphasize the negative effects of ACEs on these outcomes, as well as the potential ceiling effect of protective factors based on ACE severity.
Interpretations and revenge goals in response to peer provocations: Comparing adolescents in the United States and Pakistan
Authors: McDonald Kristina L. , Siddiqui Salma , Seo Sunmi , Gibson Carolyn E.
Published: September 2022

This study examined cultural specificity in how interpretations about peer provocation are associated with revenge goals and aggression. The sample consisted of young adolescents from the United States (369 seventh graders; 54.7% male; 77.2% identified as White) and from Pakistan (358 seventh graders; 39.2% male). Participants rated their interpretations and revenge goals in response to six peer provocation vignettes and completed peer nominations of aggressive behavior. Multigroup structural equation models (SEMs) indicated cultural specificity in how interpretations were related to revenge goals. Interpretations that a friendship with the provocateur was unlikely were uniquely related to revenge goals for Pakistani adolescents. For U.S adolescents, positive interpretations were negatively related to revenge but self-blame interpretations were positively related to vengeance goals. Revenge goals were related to aggression similarly across groups.