bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İnsan Kaynaklı Etmenlerin Murgul Deresinin Bazı Su Kalitesi Parametreleri Üzerindeki Zamansal ve Mekânsal Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: OSMANAOĞLU Şenol , ÖZALP Mehmet
Published: January 2023

Akarsu havzalarının ürettiği suların kalitesi ve miktarı üzerinde insan kaynaklı olumsuz etmenlerin bazı olumsuz sonuçlara (kirlilik, su rejiminde değişimler, akım miktarındaki azalmalar, vb.) yol açtığı bilinmektedir. Murgul Deresi de sınırları içerisinde açık işletme madencilik çalışmaları, çoklu nehir tipi hidroelektrik santralleri (NT-HES), yeni yol yapımları ve yerleşim alanlarının genişlemesi vb. faaliyetleri barındıran bir havzadır. Buradan yola çıkarak, bu araştırmada, söz konusu bu faaliyetler neticesinde Murgul Deresinin su kalitesi ve rejimi ile askıda taşıdığı sediment miktarının hem zamansal hem de noktasal bazda mevcut durumunun bilimsel verilerle ortaya konulması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla, Murgul Deresi boyunca belirlenen toplam 12 örnekleme noktasında su sıcaklığı, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik (Eİ), tuzluluk, toplam çözünmüş madde (TÇM), çözünmüş oksijen (ÇO), nitrat azotu (NO3-N) ve amonyum azotu (NH4-N) parametreleri bir yıl süresince aylık olarak ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca, askıda katı madde (AKM) miktarı ile aylık debi değerleri yanında özellikle madencilik faaliyetlerinin yaratacağı olası ağır metal kirliliğini belirlemek için su örneklerinde arsenik (As), kadmiyum (Cd), bakır (Cu), demir (Fe), kurşun (Pb) ve çinko (Zn) analizleri de yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, madencilik faaliyetlerine yakın noktadaki su örneklerinde iletkenlik (438,82 μS/cm), tuzluluk (0,30 mg/L), TÇM (400,25 mg/L), NH4-N (0,19 mg/L), NO3-N (5,20 mg/L) ve AKM (143,69 mg/L) değerlerinin doğal ve yerleşim alanlarındaki noktalara nazaran istatiksel olarak daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Buna ek olarak, deredeki suda ölçülen Cu (5669 µg/L), Fe (4647 µg/L), Pb (43 µg/L) ve Zn (2837 µg/L) değerlerinin maden sahası çıkışındaki M5 ölçüm noktasında istatiksel anlamda en yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
The Media and Ways to Teach Vocabulary for Students with Special Needs
Authors: Najakh Lailatun
Published: January 2023

It is known that students with special need have a different treatment in their teaching-learning process although, some of them with certain conditions can be allocated in the regular school. Therefore, the writer seeks the use of visual media in teaching vocabulary to students with special needs at SMKN 13 Malang with focused on the kinds of visual media and the ways of using visual media. This study was conducted on qualitative design to draw data of the topic discussed. It involved an English teacher who used visual media in teaching vocabulary in SMKN 13 Malang, and 12 students with special needs. The instruments to collect the data were observation field note and interview guideline; meanwhile, the methods to collect the data were non-participant observation and semi or partially structured interview. The result showed that the teacher used still pictures, poster, real object, and slides as the kinds of visual media. Also, she used some procedures with the following steps: (1) preparing the media and distributing to them equally or asking them to use it in turn; (2) delivering the rules of using the media; (3) teaching them vocabulary based on material by TPR method with imitating and modeling strategies; (4) giving rewards for their accomplishment during the teaching-learning process; (5) monitoring their understanding by asking them one by one to mention the vocabulary.
Magnetic impurity in a one-dimensional few-fermion system
Authors: Rammelmüller Lukas , Huber David , Čufar Matija , Brand Joachim , Hammer Hans-Werner , Volosniev Artem G.
Published: January 2023

We present a numerical analysis of spin-1/2 fermions in a
one-dimensional harmonic potential in the presence of a magnetic
point-like impurity at the center of the trap. The model represents a
few-body analogue of a magnetic impurity in the vicinity of an s-wave
superconductor. Already for a few particles we find a ground-state level
crossing between sectors with different fermion parities. We interpret
this crossing as a few-body precursor of a quantum phase transition,
which occurs when the impurity “breaks” a Cooper pair. This picture is
further corroborated by analyzing density-density correlations in
momentum space. Finally, we discuss how the system may be realized with
existing cold-atoms platforms.
NANOPARTÍCULAS DE SÍLICA (NPSiO2) UTILIZADAS PARA O TRATAMENTO DE DISTÚRBIOS ASSOCIADOS AO SISTEMA NERVOSO CENTRAL (SNC)
Authors: de Oliveira João , Gnoatto Jussânia , Aguirre Tanira
Published: January 2023

SILICA NANOPARTICLES (SiO2NP) USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS). In the last decade, nanomedicine has investigated the potential use of silica nanoparticles for drug delivery due to the favorable physicochemical properties of these systems as carriers. Specifically, a few studies have focused on applying silica-based nanosystems to deliver drugs into the central nervous system to treat neurological disorders. The present review aimed to evaluate the properties of silica nanoparticles, such as size, zeta potential, surface area, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, and release profile, exclusively applied for the treatment of central nervous system disorders as well as to describe the correlation between biological outcomes and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the main processes related to the development of silica nanoparticles, such as preparation and characterization methods, were covered in this review to aid the systematic development of silica-based nanoparticles. In the articles reviewed, silica nanocarriers used in neurological disorders did not exhibit physicochemical similarities. Thus, attempts to prospect relations between physicochemical properties and biological effects are still inefficient when silica nanoparticles are used as drug delivery systems in neurological disorders. Therefore, each silica-based nanocarrier must be fully physicochemical and biologically characterized to comprehend how the structural features of silica nanoparticles affect biological systems.
Prediction of lake chlorophyll concentration using the BP neural network and Sentinel-2 images based on time features
Authors: Hu Hua , Fu Xueliang , Li Honghui , Wang Fang , Duan Weijun , Zhang Liqian , Liu Min
Published: January 2023

One of the most important indicators of lake eutrophication is chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, which is also an essential component of lake water quality monitoring. It is an efficient, economical and convenient method to monitor the Chl-a concentration through remote sensing images. Taking the Wuliangsuhai Lake as an example, the relevant bands of Sentinel-2 images were used as the input and the Chl-a concentration as the output to build neural network models. In the process of building the model, we mainly studied and tested the impact of adding time features to the model input on the model accuracy. Through the experiment, it was found that the month and day difference features of remote sensing images and Chl-a measurement could significantly improve the prediction accuracy of Chl-a concentration in varying degrees. Finally, it was determined that the neural network prediction model with 12 bands of Sentinel-2 images combined month features as inputs and one hidden layer, eight neurons and Chl-a concentration as outputs was the best. Then, the accuracy of the model was validated when the test set accounts for 20 and 30%, and good results were obtained.
Recent Topics in Iodine Reagents and Compounds in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Dohi Toshifumi
Published: January 2023

This Special Issue would cover the hot topics on recent synthetic interest in iodine reagents and related chemistry
as well as the unique characteristics of hypervalent iodine compounds. The excellent reviews by the experts and
eminent researchers engaged in the recent advances, i.e., preparations, reactions, and mechanistic studies of hypervalent
iodine compounds, and their utilizations as reagents and organocatalysts in controlled reactions for synthesizing useful
organic molecules, such as pharmaceutical compounds and organic materials, are provided in this Special Issue.
Recent Advances in Graphene Based Plasmonics
Authors: Basak Tista , Basak Tushima
Published: January 2023

Plasmonics is an emerging and fast-growing branch of science and
technology that focuses on the coupling of light to the free electron density in metals,
resulting in strong electromagnetic field enhancement due to confinement of light into
sub-wavelength dimensions beyond the diffraction limit. The development of novel
photonic and optoelectronic devices based on metal-based plasmonics is however
plagued by the high loss at optical frequencies, originating partly from inter-band
electronic transitions and lack of electrical tunability, practically limiting their potential
applications in the terahertz (THz) and mid-IR spectrum range. The recent successful
exfoliation of graphene from graphite has rendered a breakthrough in the realm of
plasmonics due to its phenomenal properties such as exceptionally tight light
confinement, extremely long plasmon lifetime, high carrier mobility leading to a
relatively low level of losses, strong optical nonlinearity and electrostatically as well as
chemically tunable response. These versatile features of graphene can effectively
address the challenges faced by metals, and hence the physics and potential
applications of graphene-based plasmonics have triggered increasing attention of
industry, academic and research fraternity in recent years. This chapter provides a
comprehensive description of the theoretical approaches adopted to investigate the
dispersion relation of graphene surface plasmons, types of graphene surface plasmons
and their interactions with photons, phonons and electrons, experimental techniques to
detect surface plasmons, the behaviour of surface plasmons in graphene nanostructures
and the recent applications of graphene-based plasmonics.
Recent Advances of Graphene in Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Kamal Borah Chandra , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: January 2023

There has been incredible progress so far in graphene (Gr)-based solar cells
and this is going to continue well into the future. Therefore, it is important to get an
idea of the recent progress of graphene-based solar cells in the last decades. In this
chapter, a brief overview of the recent research on Gr in solar cell applications has been
outlined. It is prominent that Gr has been used in heterojunction solar cells, GaAs solar
cells, Dye-sensitized Solar cells (DSSC), Perovskite solar cells, Polymer solar cells,
and organic solar cells. In these solar cells, Gr has been utilized either as an absorber
layer, hole transport layer, or electron transport layer. However, Gr has been used in
the form of thin film, flakes, or quantum dot form. About 25% output efficiency has
been observed in Gr-based solar cells so far. This chapter gives an overview of the Gr-based solar cell with efficiencies to further continue the research on Gr-based solar
cells to achieve higher efficiency. 
Immune Responses and Immunopathology of Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Shahid Imran , Jabeen Qaiser
Published: January 2023

An ample understanding of the HCV life cycle and infection biology has
also significantly increased our knowledge of hepatitis C immune responses against
acute infection to the progression of chronic hepatitis C and associated comorbidities.
As expected in chimpanzees (the best in vivo model so far to study hepatitis C infection
kinetics, molecular pathogenesis, and immunopathology) and humans, several arms of
the immune responses are activated following HCV infection. Some of the underlying
mechanisms both for innate immune responses and adaptive immune responses to viral
clearance and persistent HCV infection are fully understood, however; some
fundamental questions in hepatitis C immunopathology remain to be answered and
some immune responses hypothesis demands further studies to validate. Some
mechanistic issues of viral evasion strategies during infection progression and the
future development of prophylactic and protective anti-HCV vaccines will be largely
dependent on the full understanding of the kinetics of adaptive immune responses
against HCV infection. As generally presumed the inefficient role of innate immunity
in self-resolving HCV infection, the potent immune responses of CD8+ T and CD4+ T
cells are critically important after the acute phase of the infection. In particular, the
plausible understanding of CD4+ T cells responses against persistent infection will
certainly be central to the development of future HCV vaccines. In this chapter, we
overview the host immune responses against hepatitis C acute infection and subsequent
CHC infection, their regulation by viral and cellular proteins, and the virus purging
strategies while impairing host defense system mechanisms.
Current Landscape of HCV Therapeutics
Authors: Shahid Imran , Jabeen Qaiser
Published: January 2023

During the last decade, the advent and approval of almost a dozen all-oral
interferon-free direct-acting antivirals (IFN-free DAAs) to cure hepatitis C-infected
general and harder-to-treat populations have entirely changed the treatment paradigms
against this “silent epidemic”. The clinical trials of generic IFN-free DAAs, while
achieving 95% to 100% sustained virologic response rates (SVRs) in treated
individuals, have proven their worth as “magic pills” in hepatitis C therapeutics.
Following their real-world clinical usage data with SVR rates, more than 95% have
raised the hopes to treat everyone infected with hepatitis C in near future, albeit certain
barriers still need to be broken. These regimens, in combination or as a fixed-dose
combination (FDC) of a single pill, are highly efficacious against all major hepatitis C
genotypes and sub-genotypes. Furthermore, the regimens are well tolerable, with fewer
adverse events, and with lesser chances of post-treatment viral relapse or breakthrough
in treated patients. The dose algorithms are well-defined for all adult patient groups and
in different pathological states of the infection and their recommendations are
according to extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C in infected individuals.
Furthermore, the clinical trials of some DAAs are underway to approve their
recommendations in HCV-infected infants, children, and pregnant female patients. In
this chapter, we will illustrate the most attractive pharmaco-characteristics of these
novel therapeutic regimens to be considered while treating hepatitis C-infected
populations. We will also elaborate on the infected subpopulations for which such
regimens are not recommended and further research is extensively needed. 
Treatment Recommendations for Harder-to-Cure and Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Shahid Imran , Jabeen Qaiser
Published: January 2023

Certain hepatitis C-infected populations are still challenging to treat in the
era of all-oral interferon-free direct-acting antivirals (IFN-free DAAs), which are
highly efficacious, well-tolerable, and relatively safe in treated individuals. Such
difficult-to-treat patients were also challenging even to manage with pegylated
interferon (PEG-IFN) plus a nucleoside analog ribavirin (RBV) once known as the
“gold standard of hepatitis C care”. People infected with hepatitis C genotype 3,
decompensated cirrhosis, individuals with co-infection status (e.g., HCV/HBV,
HCV/HIV, HCV/CKD), hepatitis C patients with induction of hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC), previous treatment failure with PEG-IFN plus RBV or DAAs failures, and viral
relapse patients with the use of one or more DAA combinations are even compromised
to achieve higher SVR rates with IFN-free DAAs. Similarly, some DAAs have sub optimal clinical efficacies in harder-to-cure populations and some are contraindicated
and can worsen hepatitis C-associated hepatic pathological states if administered
without drug monitoring. Interestingly, DAAs in clinical trials conducted for their
administration approvals demonstrated to achieve satisfactory SVRs in hepatitis C-infected special populations. Recently, limited data from real-world cohorts depict the
excellent efficacy and safety of IFN-free DAAs in real-life clinical situations, similar to
clinical trials. It is still uncertain whether either viral or host factors are responsible for
the trivial effectiveness of DAAs in such populations. In this chapter, we will discuss
the management of harder-to-treat special populations with DAAs by exploring some
real-world cohort data as well as the treatment algorithms, guidelines, and
recommendations for those patients in real-world clinical settings. 
WHO Hepatitis C Elimination Goal by 2030: Feasible or not?
Authors: Shahid Imran , Jabeen Qaiser
Published: January 2023

To put an end to hepatitis C from the world, the quality and equity of
hepatitis C screening, diagnosis, and treatment must be accessible to everyone infected
with the virus, regardless of age, sex, racism, nationalism, and religious differences. If
several key strategies are successfully implemented, countries could collectively meet
the WHO target of reducing new HCV infections by around 80% by 2030, compared
with 2015. But even with successful implementation, the target of reducing HCV
mortality by 65% would take until 2032, according to recent data. To evaluate the
power of several interventions those help to reach these goals, several transmission
models with data from affected countries that comprise hepatitis C patients
demographics, virus prevalence in vulnerable populations, current dynamics of
prevention programs, the natural history of hepatitis C and its prevalence, and
percentages of deaths caused by hepatitis C must be considered. In addition to that, the
models to project what it would take to reach the targets would need to change and
improve blood safety and infection control, vertical transmission of hepatitis C
infection, extending harm reduction services for PWIDs, expanded testing, and
increased treatment with DAAs, with intensive improvements in public health care
sectors and strong political will in third-world countries where hepatitis C is almost
endemic would be required. In this book chapter, we are focusing on the achievements
of the GHSS 2016-2021 plan for hepatitis C with their probable implementations in
WHO member states as well as cross-cutting priority actions for the next decade.
Metallic Nanomaterials as Catalysts
Authors: Sharif M.J.
Published: January 2023

With the advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology, metallic nanomaterials emerged as a bridge between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis due to their higher catalytic activity, selectivity, and easy separation while maintaining high stability. The novel catalytic properties of metallic nanomaterials originate from their unique geometric structures and electronic structures that are remarkably different from the corresponding bulk materials. Metallic nanomaterials have a high population of atoms with low coordination number and quantized energy levels which depends on the structural parameters such as the size and shape of the nanomaterials. For bimetallic nanomaterial, the composition is another key parameter to regulate the catalytic properties. In this chapter, factors affecting the catalytic properties of metallic nanomaterial are discussed in detail with several important applications.
Nanomaterials for Multifunctional Textiles
Authors: Chowdhury K.P.
Published: January 2023

The textile industry has been booming in recent decades due to new market explosion and consumer appeal for inventive apparel. Nanotechnology has played an exclusive role in such multifunctional high-performance textiles. Nanomaterials offer antimicrobial, flame retardance, self-cleaning, UV-protection, wrinkle-free, anti-static functionalities to textiles apart from their use for traditional aesthetic and decorative purposes. The nanoscale modified textiles offer new value-added functionalities while upgrading the existing aesthetic and physical properties. This chapter depicts an overall development on functional nanomaterials incorporated into textiles fabrics by different textile processes, featuring the aspects of nanotechnology to develop multifunctional textiles.
Nanomaterials in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Foyez T.
Published: January 2023

Nanotechnology is a relatively new but fast-expanding field that uses nanoparticles as analytical tools or as a controlled delivery system for pharmaceuticals. The unique properties of nanomaterials, including thermodynamic, electrical, structural capabilities, and optical make them intriguing options for pharmaceuticals, which substantially impact drug quality. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology, with its nano-engineered tools, is now well-established for drug delivery, diagnostics, prognosis, and disorder therapy. It has the potential to improve materials and medical devices as well as help to introduce new technologies in areas where traditional technologies have reached their limits. The present review focuses on nanomaterials and their applications in pharmaceuticals.
Recent Advances in Processing of Hard Ferrites
Authors: Rana G.
Published: January 2023

We plan to discuss possible fabrication approaches for hard ferrites, which are well-known for their vast range of applications and uses. We've covered all six varieties of hexagonal ferrites in this chapter: M-type, Z-type, Y-type, W-type, X-type, and U-type hexa-ferrites. Hexaferrites are ferromagnetic materials, and their properties are entirely determined by the intrinsic structure of ferrites. The numerous synthesis procedures for hard ferrite nanoparticles are the focus of this chapter. This chapter describes in detail the different processes for preparing hard ferrites, including examples, advantages, and limitations. Solid-state, combustion, hydrothermal, microemulsion, solvothermal, solution combustion, biosynthetic approach, microwave-assisted combustion, sol–gel, co–precipitation, or laser pyrolysis, sonochemical, thermal decomposition, and reverse micelle processes are briefly explained. The influence of synthesis procedures on the characteristics of ferrites in nanoform is summarised in this chapter.
Effect of Substitution on the Electric and Magnetic Properties of SrFe12O19 Hexa Hard Ferrites
Authors: Rawat D.
Published: January 2023

The hexagonal ferrites, also known as hexaferrites, have stimulated interest subsequent to their finding in the 1950s, which is steadily growing today. Both commercially and technologically, these materials have grown in importance. In addition to their employment as permanent magnets, they are commonly used as “magnetic recording and data storage materials, as well as components in electrical systems, notably those that activates at microwave/GHz frequency range”. The goal of the presented study is to offer new ideas for the development of magnetic samples Strontium hexaferrite SrFe12O19 (SrM) that are suited for specific applications, as well as to explain the influence of rare-earth (RE) substitution on the magnetic and electrical properties of SrM.
Ocena dotychczasowego funkcjonowania i poziomu samoopieki u pacjenta po zabiegu wszczepienia kardiostymulatora
Authors: Rogowska Marta
Published: January 2023

Wstęp. Każdy rok powoduje, że liczba osób z zaburzeniami rytmu wzrasta, dotyczy to osób młodych, jak i starszych. Szansą na bezpieczne i komfortowe życie daje wszczepienie kardiostymulatora. Po zabiegu pacjenci w większości przypadków normalnie wracają do pełni życia. Odpowiednie przekazanie przez personel medyczny informacji o istocie wszczepienia, opieki w trakcie i po skutkuje komfortem życia pacjenta do końca.Cel. Celem pracy jest dokonanie oceny dotychczasowego funkcjonowania i poziomu samoopieki pacjenta po wszczepieniu rozrusznika serca. W badaniu wzięło udział 100 osób w tym kobiet 35, a mężczyzn 65, którzy przebywali w szpitalu na oddziale kardiologicznym w Wojewódzkim Szpitalu Zespolonym w Płocku.Materiał i metody. W niniejszej pracy wykorzystano sondaż diagnostyczny, zawierający skalę oceny i arkusz wywiadu. Ankietowani udzielili pisemnych odpowiedzi, na kwestionariusz konstrukcji własnej i ankiety standaryzowanej WHQOOL-BREF, która dostępna jest na stronie Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia.Wyniki badania prezentują funkcjonowanie dotychczasowe pacjentów, jak i po zabiegu. Pacjenci prezentują wysoki poziom wiedzy na temat samoopieki po wszczepieniu kardiostymulatora. Dodatkowo zanotowano zależność przygotowania do samoopieki ze względu na wiek, płeć, wykształcenie respondentów, jak i miejsce zamieszkania.Wnioski. Zabieg wszczepienia kardiostymulatora poprawia ogólny stan zdrowia pacjenta, określając go za dobry oraz poprawia funkcjonowanie i komfort życia. Pacjenci po wszczepieniu rozrusznika całkowicie akceptują dotychczasową sytuację. Poziom samoopieki po zabiegu w sferze fizycznej, jak i psychicznej jest na zadawalającym poziomie. Poziom wiedzy jest wysoki dzięki działaniom personelu medycznego. Istotne znaczenie dla zbiegu mają choroby współistniejące, miedzy innymi cukrzyca i nadciśnienie tętnicze. Największą grupę do wszczepienia kardiostymulatora stanowią mężczyźni w wieku pomiędzy 61-70 i 71-80 lat. Pacjenci po wszczepieniu większości przypadkach, nie odczuwają żadnych nie pożądanych powikłań, a jak występują jest to zmęczenie.
Profilaktyczna i opiekuńcza rola pielęgniarki wobec dziecka z zakażeniem układu moczowego
Authors: Sztandarowicz Wiktoria
Published: January 2023

Wstęp. Zakażenie układu moczowego to stan zapalny zlokalizowany w drogach moczowych bądź nerkach. Za powstanie tego schorzenia odpowiada czynnik infekcyjny, powodujący symptomy kliniczne. Wyróżnia się kilka rodzajów tego schorzenia, mianowicie- ostre odmiedniczkowego zapalenie nerek, urosepsę, zapalenie dolnych dróg moczowych, zapalenie górnych dróg moczowych, bezobjawowe zakażenie układu moczowego, bezobjawową bakteriurię.Cel. Celem badań jest stan rzeczy, procesu, który jest oczekiwany przez badacza, podejmującego działania mogące pomóc w osiągnieciu celu – rozwiązaniu problemu.Prezentacja przypadku. Pacjentka, lat 2, przyjęta w Oddział Dziecięcy Obserwacyjny z powodu wysokiej temperatury ciała – 39,4° C oraz nadmiernej senności. Dziewczynka z ostrym odmiedniczkowym zapaleniem nerek. Wykryto cechy odwodnienia. Pacjentka skarży się na wzdęty, bolący brzuch. Dziewczynka rozdrażniona, apatyczna. W wywiadzie zaobserwowano niedostateczną wiedzę rodziców na temat choroby.Wnioski. Pielęgniarka sprawuje wiele czynność wobec pacjenta z zakażeniem układu moczowego. Działania te mają na celu polepszenie stanu zdrowia dziecka oraz szybsze uzyskanie zamierzonego wyniku leczenia. Edukacja pacjenta oraz jego opiekunów poprawi jakość opieki sprawowanej wobec dziecka.
Opieka nad dzieckiem z padaczką w środowisku domowym
Authors: Żelazek Paulina , Antczak Paulina
Published: January 2023

Wstęp. Padaczka jest przewlekłą chorobą mózgu charakteryzującą się trwałą (tj. uporczywą) predyspozycją do generowania napadów padaczkowych, niesprowokowaną jakimkolwiek bezpośrednim urazem ośrodkowego układu nerwowego oraz neurobiologicznymi, poznawczymi, psychologicznymi i społecznymi konsekwencjami nawrotów napadów. Padaczka dotyka obu płci i w każdym wieku, występując na całym świecie.Cel. Celem pracy było przedstawienie i omówienie problemów związanych z opieką nad dzieckiem z padaczką w środowisku domowym oraz omówienie wad i objawów dotyczących w/w jednostki chorobowej.Przegląd. Większość napadów jest dobrze kontrolowana za pomocą leków i innych rodzajów leczenia, ale padaczka może powodować problemy w sytuacjach społecznych, szkolnych i zawodowych, utrudniając samodzielne życie. Dzieci z napadami często mają problemy fizyczne (np. złamania, siniaki i nieznacznie zwiększone ryzyko nagłej śmierci), a także problemy społeczne z powodu napiętnowania chorobą. Osoby z padaczką i ich rodziny mogą nie mieć wsparcia społecznego lub doświadczać izolacji społecznej, zakłopotania, strachu i dyskryminacji.Samoleczenie padaczki odnosi się do szerokiego zakresu zachowań i czynności zdrowotnych, których dana osoba jak i opiekunowie tej osoby mogą się nauczyć i dostosować, aby kontrolować napady i poprawiać samopoczucie. Podejście to wymaga partnerstwa między osobą a świadczeniodawcami usług (np. specja-listyczne poradnie leczenia padaczki, pielęgniarskie usługi łącznikowe między lekarzami rodzinnymi a lekarzami szpitali specjalistycznych, specjalistyczne zespoły środowiskowe ds. padaczki).Wnioski. Obecnie pomimo zmniejszenia obciążenia chorobą, padaczka jest nadal ważną przyczyną niepełnosprawności i śmiertelności.
Spectral-kinetic study of new hybrid photochromic cumarinopyrans with reversible fluorescence modulation
Authors: Venidiktova O. V.  , Gorelik A. M.  , Koshkin A. V.  , Barachevsky V. A.
Published: January 2023

Photochromic hybrid compounds based on coumarins with reversible fluorescence modulation have been synthesized for the first time. It was shown that UV irradiation leads to spectral and fluorescent changes due to the structure of the compounds. Keywords: photochromism, naphthopyran, coumarin, spectroscopy, fluorescence, hybrids.
The influence of the local environment on the electron accepting ability of the cation: induced Lewis acidity
Authors: Ezdakova (Voronina) K. V.  , Rudakova A. V.  , Krauklis I. V.  , Shergin Ya. V.  , Tsyganenko A. A
Published: January 2023

The effect of adsorption of acid gases CO2, SO2 and SO3 on the electron accepting ability of cations on the surface of calcium oxide was studied by low-temperature IR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO. It is shown that the formation of carbonate, sulfite and sulfate anions in the surface layer leads to the appearance of Lewis acid sites, the strength of which, estimated by the shift in the vibration frequency of CO molecules associated with them, increases in the appropriate order, approaching that for calcium-containing zeolites. The results of the calculation of cluster models by the DFT method confirm the observed trends in the variation of the vibrational frequency and the absorption coefficient of CO molecules bound through both the carbon and oxygen atoms, and also demonstrate the dependence of the ability of a cation for CO linkage isomerism on its local environment. Keywords: surface, adsorption, acidity, IR spectroscopy, quantum chemical calculation, electron accepting ability.
Molecular Photonics of 3,3'-diethyl-9-methylthiacarbocyanine Monomers and Dimeric Complexes with Cucurbit[8]uril
Authors: Fedotova T. V.  , Zakharova G. V.  , Chibisov A. K.
Published: January 2023

A comparative study of the spectral-luminescent and spectral-kinetic properties of 3,3'-diethyl-9-methylthiacarbocyanine (MTCC) and 3,3'-diethylthiacarbocyanine (TCC) and their complexes with cucurbit[8]uril in aqueous solution was carried out. Dimeric complexes of TCC with cucurbit[8]uril consist of trans-isomers and exhibit only delayed fluorescence while dimeric complexes of MTCC consist of cis-isomers and exhibit both delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence in water. The dimeric complexes of MTCC and TCC with cucurbit[8]uril participate in the electron phototransfer reaction where the dimeric complex of MTCC exhibits a greater ability to enter into photooxidation reactions. Keywords: polymethine dyes, trans-cis isomerization, cucurbiturils, absorption, fluorescence, triplet-triplet absorption, electron phototransfer.
Temperature-sensitive fluorescence decay kinetics of thioflavin T derivatives in glycerol
Authors: Stsiapura V. I.
Published: January 2023

Possible use of Thioflavin T based fluorescent molecular rotors as temperature sensors was assessed in this work. Fluorescent properties of Thioflavin T and its derivative 6-Me-BTA-2C in 99% glycerol were studied using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy methods. For Thioflavin T in glycerol it has been found that temperature growth from 261 K to 353 K results in ~ 3 orders of magnitude increase of non-radiative decay rate constant knr for the excited state of the molecule. Fluorescence decay studies by time-correlated single photon counting method showed that fluorescence decay kinetics of Thioflavin T in glycerol can be used for temperature measurements in the range 260-290 K. For 6-Me-BTA-2C molecule the range of the maximal sensitivity was shifted to higher temperatures (280-320 K). The obtained results about fluorescent properties and decay kinetics of Thioflavin T based dyes in highly viscous media can be used to develop nanoscale temperature sensors. Keywords: temperature sensor, fluorescent molecular rotor, nanothermometry, thioflavin T, TICT.
Random lasing in MAPbI-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- single crystal
Authors: Mamaeva M. P.  , Selivanov N. I.  , Emeline A. V.  , Kapitonov Yu. V.
Published: January 2023

Halide perovskites are a promising medium for the creation of microlasers. Random lasing in single crystals can provide principal information on the nature of laser radiation in these materials. This paper demonstrates random lasing in a MAPbI3 (MA+=CH3NH_3+) single crystal at a temperature T = 30 K and pulsed optical excitation with a repetition rate of 80 MHz. The observed laser radiation has a multimode composition with a quality factor of individual modes Q ~ 1200 and threshold behavior. The paper also proposes a method for separating the background non-polarized photoluminescence and lasing signals. Keywords: halide perovskites: random lasing: MAPbI3.
Effect of laser treatment on the Structure and Spectral-Luminescent Properties of Graphene Dots
Authors: Menshova E. P.  , Seliverstova E. V.  , Ibrayev N. Kh.
Published: January 2023

The structure and optical properties of nanodots based on graphene oxide (GO) obtained by ablation by laser radiation with different wavelengths were studied. It was shown that after laser ablation, the average lateral size of GO sheets decreases from 820±120 nm to 204± 40 nm and 105± 23 nm for samples prepared at λgen=355 and 532 nm, respectively. In this case, a change in the intensities of the 2D and G bands was observed, which indicates a decrease in the number of layers in the GO sheets. The optical density of GO dispersions and the intensity of fluorescence depend on the ablation conditions. After ablation, the optical density of GO increased by ~ 13% for samples obtained at λgen=355 nm and by 20% for λgen=532 nm. The fluorescence intensity of GO ablated at λgen=532 nm increased by 57% relative to the value registered for GO before ablation. For 355 nm, the fluorescence intensity was changed by 7%. Keywords: graphene oxide, graphene dots, ablation, structure, optical properties.
Influence of data pre-processing techniques for PLSR model to predict blood glucose by NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Suryakala S.Vasanthadev  , Prince Shanthi
Published: January 2023

NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopic spectra can be mathematically modelled to extract quantitative information by suitable multivariate calibration models. The analysis of spectral data becomes complex as the data is more prone to noise due to light scattering and baseline effects. These errors reduces the robustness and reliability of the developed calibration model. Hence data pre-processing becomes the most important aspect in data analysis. Different mathematical transformations are applied to remove the noise present in the data. This work focuses on the various empirical data pre-processing techniques like baseline correction, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), robust MSC, extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC), orthogonal signal correction (OSC) and (-log R) followed by standard normal variate (SNV) techniques for Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) model in the prediction of blood glucose non-invasively. The performance of the PLSR model for the acquired (raw) spectral data and the same data subjected to different pre-processing techniques is analyzed. The model complexity and robustness is evaluated in terms of the number of latent variables (LVs) required to build the calibration model and obtained mean square prediction error after cross validation. This study utilizes the spectral data collected from 207 subjects from a diabetic center using Diffuse Reflectance Spectrometer (DRS). The analyzed results show that pre-processing based on (-log R) followed by SNV is found to perform well with reduced model complexity and minimum estimated mean square prediction error of 0.23 mg/dl among the other empirical pre-processing techniques. Keywords: multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), orthogonal signal correction (OSC), standard normal variate (SNV), Diffuse Reflectance Spectrometer (DRS).
Direct Laser Writing and Investigation of Optofluidic Elements inside Nanoporous Silicate Matrix
Authors: Shishkina A. S.  , Yandybaeva Y. I.  , Yakimuk V.A.  , Alsaif Y.  , Zakoldaev R. A.  , Andreeva O. V.
Published: January 2023

The paper demonstrates direct laser writing by femtosecond laser pulses (λ = 1030 nm, tau = 220 fs, v = 200 kHz) of functional optofluidic elements inside a nanoporous silicate matrix (NPSM). The influence of focused laser pulses led to the compaction of the nanoporous frame, which made it possible to fabricate barriers for the isolation of nanoporous cells and channel optical waveguides. The writing of microchannels in the mode of decompression of a nanoporous matrix with subsequent purification of debris area in distilled water under the action of ultrasound is also demonstrated. For each type of elements, the dependences of geometric characteristics on the energy parameters of laser radiation are established. The methods of testing the elements were also developed --- checking the permeability of the barrier, the entering of laser radiation into channel waveguides. Keywords: Direct laser writing, femtosecond laser pulses, barriers, waveguide, microchannel, porous silicate matrix, nanopores.
Optical properties of linear-chain carbon film deposited on a steel sample
Authors: Akashev L.A.  , Makhnev A.A.  , Kochakov V.D.  , Vladimirov A.P.  , Druzhinin A.V.
Published: January 2023

The optical constants of a linear chain carbon (LCC) film in the spectral range from 248 to 1100 nm (1.13-5.0 eV with a step of 0.1 eV) were obtained by the Beatty ellipsometric method, and its thickness was determined. The LCC film was deposited on a pre-polished mirror surface of a massive steel sample using the technology of pulsed carbon plasma with ion stimulation. It was found that in the measured range of the spectrum the refractive index of the film varies from 2.35 to 2.73, and the value of k varies from a value close to zero to 1.02. The effective film thickness is determined to be d = 92 ± 2 Angstrem. According to the type of conductivity, the LCC film is a dielectric (Eg = 4.1 eV). A simplified method for determining the band gap of nanosized semiconductor and dielectric films is proposed. Keywords: ellipsometry, optical properties of a carbon film, linear-chain carbon, band gap.
Study on the effect of low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma jet on the morphofunctional properties of living tissues (in vivo)
Authors: Giraev K. M.  , Ashurbekov N. A.  , Israpov E. Kh.  , Shakhsinov G. Sh.  , Abdulaev V. R.  , Rabadanov K. M.  , Isaeva Z. M.
Published: January 2023

The results of spectral-fluorescent and diffuse-optical studies of living tissues under the effect of low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma jet in a mixture of air and argon are presented. Potential fluorophores are identified and coefficients of optical absorption and transport scattering of tissues are determined. It was revealed plasma jet irradiation of tissue leads to an increase in the intensity of fluorescence and the diffuse reflection coefficient, which is linked with a twofold increase in the transport scattering coefficient and a change in the concentration of endogenous chromophores --- a reducing water content, lipids and bilirubin to 20%, and an increasing levels of oxygen saturation to 10%. On the basis of the analysis, it is shown that the therapeutic effect of low-temperature plasma can be associated with increased antioxidant protection and the development of compensatory dehydration processes. Keywords: biological tissues, cold plasma, probing, spectroscopy, fluorescence, diffuse reflection, optical coefficients, light scattering, biochemistry, morphology.
Evaluating the Efficacy of a Self-administered Speech-Language App for People With Chronic, Nonfluent Aphasia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Padhi Shivani , Mozeiko Jennifer
Published: January 2023

Background

Aphasia is a language deficit that is most often caused by stroke. Speech-language therapy is effective in helping people recover lost language, and it should lead to generalization to untrained tasks and gains in functional language. However, not everyone is able to receive therapy due to a lack of finances; a lack of insurance coverage; or, most recently, COVID-19.

Objective

This study has 3 aims. For aim 1, we investigated whether a person with moderate to severe aphasia could manage the setup of an app-based treatment independently. Our second aim was to evaluate whether conducting an intensive treatment without speech-language pathologist (SLP) involvement was feasible. Participants with aphasia were asked to use the app 2 hours per day for 10 days, and we were interested to see if they could maintain this regimen or if frustration or boredom would promote dropout. For the third aim, we determined whether participants with aphasia in our digital treatment would make the same kinds of language gains that they would if they were working with an SLP and whether treatment gains would generalize to other language modalities, indicating that neuroplastic changes occurred due to treatment.

Methods

Our pilot study used a single-subject design, with 3 participants experiencing nonfluent aphasia at least 1 year poststroke. Participants were trained to use a comprehension and production app, with instructions to use the app 2 hours per day for 10 days (total treatment time=20 hours). Multiple standardized assessments were taken at the following three time points: pretreatment, 1 week posttreatment, and 10 weeks posttreatment. A recording device was used to capture pretreatment and 10-week posttreatment at-home conversations between the participants with aphasia and the conversational partner.

Results

Data were variable among our 3 participants (P1, P2, and P3). P1 and P3 showed clinically significant improvements on several measurements of language; P2 did not. Aphasia severity also decreased in P1 and P3. The analysis of the discourse recorded in the home environments showed that P1 and P3 each made use of the app-trained words in spontaneous conversation (increase of >63%). All 3 participants with aphasia reported positive increases in quality of life, and all continued to use the app even after the treatment period ended.

Conclusions

Independently administered, intensive treatment had salubrious effects on 3 participants with aphasia. P2’s lack of improvement on language measures was attributed to not feeling challenged enough by the app. In general, the participants in this study were able to guide themselves in an independent manner to complete an intensive study, without using any SLP support. Though this study was only piloted on 3 individuals, it lays the groundwork for future studies assessing the independence of participants with aphasia in managing their own treatment.

Conflicts of Interest

None declared.
Acceptability and Feasibility of “Village,” a Digital Communication App for Young People Experiencing Low Mood, Thoughts of Self-harm, and Suicidal Ideation to Obtain Support From Family and Friends: Mixed Methods Pilot Open Trial
Authors: Thabrew Hiran , Kumar Harshali , Steadman Evandah
Published: January 2023

Background

Young people experiencing low mood, thoughts related to self-harm, and suicidal ideation often struggle to communicate their emotions and receive timely support from family and friends. Technologically delivered support interventions may be useful in addressing this need.

Objective

This paper aimed to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of “Village,” a communication app co-designed with young people and their family and friends from New Zealand.

Methods

A mixed methods pilot open trial design was adopted. Participants were primarily recruited via social media advertisements and clinicians in specialist mental health services over an 8-month period. The primary outcomes were acceptability of the app (via thematically analyzed qualitative feedback and retention rates) and feasibility of conducting a larger randomized controlled trial gauged via effectiveness of recruitment methods, completion of chosen outcome measures, and occurrence of unanticipated operational issues. Secondary outcomes were app usability, safety, and changes in symptoms of depression (via the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 modified for adolescents), suicidal ideation (on the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire), and functioning (using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 or Child and Youth version).

Results

A total of 26 young people (“users”) were enrolled in the trial, of which 21 recruited friends and family members (“buddies”) and completed quantitative outcome measures at baseline, 4 weeks, and 3 months. Furthermore, 13 users and 12 buddies also provided qualitative feedback about the app, identifying the key themes of appeal of app features and layout, usefulness of its content, and technological challenges (primarily with onboarding and notifications). Users gave Village a mean rating of 3.8 (range 2.7-4.6) out of 5 on a 5-point scale for app quality and an overall star rating of 3.4 out of 5 for subjective quality. Within this limited sample, users reported a clinically significant reduction in depressive symptoms (P=.007), but nonsignificant changes in suicidal ideation and functioning. The embedded risk detection software was activated on 3 occasions, and no additional support was required for users.

Conclusions

During this open trial, Village was found to be acceptable, usable, and safe. The feasibility of a larger randomized controlled trial was also confirmed after some modifications to the recruitment strategy and app.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Network Registry ACTRN12620000241932p; https://tinyurl.com/ya6t4fx2