bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Setting priorities for research in blood donation and transfusion: outcome of the James Lind Alliance priority‐setting partnership
Authors: Hibbs Stephen P. , Brunskill Susan J. , Donald Graham C. , Saunders Heather D. , Murphy Michael F.
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

How do we decide which topics should be prioritized for research? The need for a robust process for prioritization by key stakeholders, and not just the researchers themselves, was recognized by the James Lind Alliance. A methodology has been established to enable clinicians, patients, and caregivers to identify and prioritize important uncertainties for research in different health areas. This methodology was applied to transfusion medicine to help focus the research agenda in this field.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

A steering group was formed in 2015 comprising four donor/patient/caregiver representatives and six clinicians and was supported by an information scientist and James Lind Alliance representatives. The scope of the priority‐setting partnership included uncertainties from blood donation through transfusion but excluded laboratory aspects of transfusion and specialist blood products. Three methods were used to identify the top 10 research priorities: two widely disseminated online surveys, a search of existing literature, and a final prioritization workshop.

RESULTS

There were 408 respondents to the first survey contributing 817 questions, which were refined into 54 indicative questions that had not already been answered by previous research. Respondents to a second survey were asked to select the three questions they believed to be the most important. The 30 most popular research questions were then brought to a workshop of donors, patients, and caregivers to produce the “top 10.”

CONCLUSION

This prioritized list should be of considerable value to both researchers and funding bodies when considering what research should be conducted in transfusion medicine.
Lyapunov-Based Nonlinear Feedback Control Design for Exhaust Gas Recirculation Loop of Gasoline Engines
Authors: Jiang Weihai , Shen Tielong
Published: December 2018

For gasoline engine with an exhaust gas recirculation loop, a challenging issue is how to achieve maximum brake efficiency while providing the desired torque. This paper presents a solution to this challenging issue via dynamical control approach which consists of two phases: optimal equilibrium point generation and feedback regulation of the optimized operating mode. First, a mean-value model is developed to represent the dynamical behavior of the intake manifold and exhaust manifold focused on gas mass flows. Then, the control scheme is constructed based on the control-oriented model. Mainly, the optimal set-points are designed by solving the optimal programming problem of maximizing the brake efficiency under demand torque constraint which is the first control design stage, and the dynamical model to the feedback stabilization regulation control for improving transient performance is at the second stage. Lyapunov-based design is used for the derivation of the state feedback law. Furthermore, the proposed exhaust manifold pressure estimator is also coupled into the controller to replace the cost prohibitive exhaust pressure sensor. Finally, experimental validations on the test bench are provided to evaluate the proposed controller.
Swirl Impinging Cooling on an Airfoil Leading Edge Model at Large Reynolds Number
Authors: Wang Nian , Han Je-Chin
Published: December 2018

Jet impingement cooling has been extensively investigated due to its significant applications on the airfoil leading edge region; however, most of which are about normal jet impingement. The systematic research on swirl jet impinging cooling on leading edge is relatively rare. This study comprehensively investigated the heat transfer distribution of swirl jet impingement with one row of tangential jets. The location of the cross-over jets is offset from the centerline toward either suction or pressure side. Five jet Reynolds numbers varying from 10,000 to 80,000 are tested to reach real engine cooling condition. Jet plates with jet-to-jet spacing (s/d = 2, 4, and 8) and the ratio of surface diameter-to-jet diameter (D/d = 4, 6.6, and 13.3) are tested. We conducted the experiments with a test matrix of 45 cases. The optimum geometric parameters of the jet plate are revealed. Results indicate that for a given Reynolds number, the jet plate configuration with D/d = 4 and s/d = 2 provides the highest Nusselt number profile than the other jet plate configurations, while the jet plate configuration with D/d = 13.3 and s/d = 8 provides the lowest Nusselt number profiles. The best heat transfer region shifts by varying the jet plate configuration depending on the strength of swirl flow. Additionally, correlation of tangential jet impingement has been developed to predict the area-averaged Nusselt number, which is useful for airfoil leading edge cooling design and heat transfer analysis.
A Numerical Case Study: Effect of Heat Leakage on Thermodynamic Efficiency of Cylinders in Cross-Flow
Authors: Erguvan Mustafa , MacPhee David W.
Published: December 2018

Numerical and thermodynamic analyses have been undertaken in this study to examine energy and exergy efficiencies of in-line tube banks for unsteady cross-flow. Pitch ratio (PR) and the number of in-line tubes are varied for Reynolds numbers of 500 and 10,000, and artificial heat leakages are modeled as a source term. Numerical results are compared with published values, and good agreements are obtained regarding Nusselt number and pressure drop. Whereas the energy efficiency varied between 72% and 99%, the exergy efficiency ranged from 40% to 70%. It was found that while viscous dissipation has a low effect on energy and exergy efficiencies for the lower Reynolds number, it has a significant effect for the higher Reynolds number. On the other hand, heat leakage had a greater effect on exergy efficiency compared to energy efficiency, especially for the lower Reynolds number case. Overall, this study verified how heat leakage could play a vital role on efficiency for low-inlet temperature heat recovery systems.
Designing an anisotropic noise filter for measuring critical dimension and line edge roughness from scanning electron microscope images
Authors: Ji Hyesung , Lee Soo-Young
Published: December 2018

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is often employed in inspecting patterns transferred through a lithographic process. A typical inspection is to measure the critical dimension (CD) and line edge roughness (LER) of each feature in a transferred pattern. Such inspection may be done by utilizing image processing techniques to detect the boundaries of a feature. Since SEM images tend to include a substantial level of noise, a proper reduction of noise is essential before the subsequent process of edge detection. In a previous study, a method of designing an isotropic Gaussian filter adaptive to the noise level was developed. However, its performance for relatively small features was not so good as for large features, especially in the case of LER. The main objective of this study is to improve the design method such that the accuracy of the measured CD and LER is not deteriorated substantially as the feature size decreases. The new design method allows a Gaussian filter to be anisotropic for the better adaptability to the signal and noise, both of which show a substantial level of directional correlation. The cutoff frequency for the direction normal to features is determined to include most of the signal components, and the cutoff frequency in the other direction is set to balance the signal and noise components to be included. This procedure enables a systematic and easy design of the filter. Also, the method of estimating the noise has been modified for higher accuracy. The performance of the new design method has been thoroughly analyzed using the reference images for which feature boundaries are known. It has been shown that the anisotropic filter designed by the proposed method performs better than the isotropic filter from the viewpoint of CD, LER, and power spectral density accuracy.
Wave velocities in articular cartilage measured by micro-Brillouin scattering technique
Authors: Kawase Mami , Yasui Hirokazu , Shibagaki Yoshiaki , Kawabe Masahiko , Matsukawa Mami
Published: December 2018

Micro-Brillouin scattering was used to measure gigahertz ultrasonic wave velocities in the articular cartilage of a bovine femur. Velocities propagating parallel to the surface of the subchondral bone were 3.36–3.83 × 103 m/s in a dry cartilage sample. Anisotropy measurements were also performed in a 10-μm-diameter local area of the cartilage matrix. A weak velocity anisotropy reflected characteristics of the layers. The velocity also depended on the water content. In the middle layer, the velocity in the dry sample was 3.58 × 103 m/s, whereas that for a fully wet sample was 2.04 × 103 m/s.
Time reversal acoustics applied to rooms of various reverberation times
Authors: Denison Michael H. , Anderson Brian E.
Published: December 2018

Time Reversal (TR) is a technique that may be used to focus an acoustic signal at a particular point in space. While many variables contribute to the quality of TR focusing of sound in a particular room, the most important have been shown to be the number of sound sources, signal bandwidth, and absorption properties of the medium as noted by Ribay, de Rosny, and Fink [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117(5), 2866–2872 (2005)]. However, the effect of room size on TR focusing has not been explored. Using the image source method algorithm proposed by Allen and Berkley [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65(4), 943–950 (1979)], TR focusing was simulated in a variety of rooms with different absorption and volume properties. Experiments are also conducted in a couple rooms to verify the simulations. The peak focal amplitude, the temporal focus quality, and the spatial focus clarity are defined and calculated for each simulation. The results are used to determine the effects of absorption and room volume on TR. Less absorption increases the amplitude of the focusing and spatial clarity while decreasing temporal quality. Dissimilarly, larger volumes decrease focal amplitude and spatial clarity while increasing temporal quality.
Performance comparisons of array invariant and matched field processing using broadband ship noise and a tilted vertical array
Authors: Byun Gihoon , Song H. C. , Kim J. S.
Published: December 2018

This paper compares the localization performance of array invariant (AI) and matched field processing (MFP) using a ship of opportunity radiating random noise (200–900 Hz) and a tilted vertical array. AI is a deterministic approach to source-range estimation (i.e., depth-blind), exploiting the dispersion characteristics of broadband signals with minimal/no knowledge of the environment in shallow water. It involves time-domain plane-wave beamforming to separate multiple coherent arrivals (eigenrays) in beam angle and travel time, called “beam-time migration,” from which the source range is directly estimated. In contrast, MFP is a model-based approach that requires accurate knowledge of the environment and array geometry (e.g., array tilt) to generate “replicas” for all possible source locations, finding the best match in the two-dimensional ambiguity surface of range and depth. While AI and MFP are both sensitive to array tilt, AI is equipped with self-calibration capability to estimate the array tilt and source range simultaneously. With the array tilt information from AI incorporated, the performance of MFP for range estimation can be comparable to that of AI to such an extent that the environmental knowledge is accurate.
Dietary Protein for Training Adaptation and Body Composition Manipulation in Track and Field Athletes
Authors: Witard Oliver C. , Garthe Ina , Phillips Stuart M.
Published: December 2018

Track and field athletes engage in vigorous training that places stress on physiological systems requiring nutritional support for optimal recovery. Of paramount importance when optimizing recovery nutrition are rehydration and refueling which are covered in other papers in this volume. Here, we highlight the benefits for dietary protein intake over and above requirements set out in various countries at ∼0.8–1.0 g·kg body mass (BM)−1·day−1 for training adaptation, manipulating body composition, and optimizing performance in track and field athletes. To facilitate the remodeling of protein-containing structures, which are turning over rapidly due to their training volumes, track and field athletes with the goal of weight maintenance or weight gain should aim for protein intakes of ∼1.6 g·kg BM−1·day−1. Protein intakes at this level would not necessarily require an overemphasis on protein-containing foods and, beyond convenience, does not suggest a need to use protein or amino acid-based supplements. This review also highlights that optimal protein intakes may exceed 1.6 g·kg BM−1·day−1 for athletes who are restricting energy intake and attempting to minimize loss of lean BM. We discuss the underpinning rationale for weight loss in track and field athletes, explaining changes in metabolic pathways that occur in response to energy restriction when manipulating protein intake and training. Finally, this review offers practical advice on protein intakes that warrant consideration in allowing an optimal adaptive response for track and field athletes seeking to train effectively and to lose fat mass while energy restricted with minimal (or no) loss of lean BM.
Sodium Intake Beliefs, Information Sources, and Intended Practices of Endurance Athletes Before and During Exercise
Authors: McCubbin Alan J. , Cox Gregory R. , Costa Ricardo J.S.
Published: December 2018

There is little information describing how endurance athletes perceive sodium intake in relation to training and competition. Using an online questionnaire, this study assessed the beliefs, information sources, and intended practices regarding sodium ingestion for training and competition. Endurance athletes (n = 344) from six English-speaking countries completed the questionnaire and were included for analysis. The most cited information sources were social supports (63%), self-experimentation (56%), and media (48%). Respondents generally believed (>50% on electronic visual analog scale) endurance athletes require additional sodium on a daily basis (median 67% [interquartile range: 40–81%]), benefit from increased sodium in the days preceding competition (60% [30–77%]), should replace sodium losses during training (69% [48–83%]) and competition (74% [54–87%]), and would benefit from sweat composition testing (82% [65–95%]). Respondents generally believed sodium ingestion during endurance exercise prevents exercise-associated muscle cramps (75% [60–88%]) and exercise-associated hyponatremia (74% [62–89%]). The majority (58%) planned to consciously increase sodium or total food intake (i.e., indirectly increasing sodium intake) in the days preceding competition. Most (79%) were conscious of sodium intake during competition, but only 29% could articulate a specific intake plan. A small minority (5%) reported using commercial sweat testing services, of which 75% believed it was beneficial. We conclude that endurance athletes commonly perceive sodium intake as important for their sporting activities. Many intend to consciously increase sodium intake in the days preceding and during competition, although these views appear informed mostly by nonscientific and/or non-evidence-based sources.
If He Is in Shape, So Is the Marriage: Perceptions of Physical Fitness and Exercise and Older Couples’ Marital Functioning
Authors: Rauer Amy , Hornbuckle Lyndsey M.
Published: December 2018

The current study explored concordance in spouses’ perceptions about exercise and how these perceptions predicted observed and self-reported marital functioning using a sample of 64 older married couples. Although couples were similarly motivated to exercise, their views on their physical fitness and potential barriers to exercise were uncorrelated. Dyadic analyses suggested that spouses’ exercise perceptions, particularly husbands’, were associated with how spouses treated each other during a marital problem-solving task and with their concurrent and future marital satisfaction. Exploring how spouses’ views of exercise are related to their marital functioning and for whom these links are most salient may highlight potential opportunities and challenges for those wishing to strengthen couples’ individual and relational well-being through exercise.
Effects of Competitive Triathlon Training on Telomere Length
Authors: Colon Marcus , Hodgson Andrew , Donlon Eimear , Murphy James E.J.
Published: December 2018

Telomeres act as a mitotic clock and telomere-related senescence has been linked to age-related physiological decline. There is increasing evidence lifestyle factors can influence telomere length (TL). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of competitive triathlon training on TL. Seven competitive male triathletes and seven recreationally active males participated in the study. Relative TL was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Physiological parameters key to athletic performance such as maximal oxygen intake, lactate threshold, and running economy were also measured. Triathletes had longer telomeres than the recreationally active (1.257 ± 0.028 vs. 1.002 ± 0.014; p < .0001). Positive association was found between TL and maximal oxygen intake, lactate threshold, and running economy (R2 = .677, .683, and .696, respectively). This study indicates that competitive triathlon training buffers against age-related telomere shortening, and there is a correlation between exercise behaviors, higher maximal oxygen intake, and TL.
Carbapenem versus Cefepime or Piperacillin-Tazobactam for Empiric Treatment of Bacteremia Due to Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing
Escherichia coli
in Patients with Hematologic Malignancy
Authors: Benanti Grace E. , Brown Anne Rain T. , Shigle Terri Lynn , Tarrand Jeffrey J. , Bhatti Micah M. , McDaneld Patrick M. , Shelburne Samuel A. , Aitken Samuel L.
Published: December 2018

Infections with extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Escherichia coli
are common in patients with hematologic malignancy. The utility of cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam as empiric therapy for ESBL-producing
E. coli
bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancy is largely unknown.
Is One Sample Enough? β-Lactam Target Attainment and Penetration into Epithelial Lining Fluid Based on Multiple Bronchoalveolar Lavage Sampling Time Points in a Swine Pneumonia Model
Authors: Motos Ana , Kuti Joseph L. , Li Bassi Gianluigi , Torres Antoni , Nicolau David P.
Published: December 2018

Describing the disposition of antimicrobial agents at the site of infection is crucial to guide optimal dosing for investigational agents. For antibiotics in development for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia, concentrations in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the lung are frequently determined from a bronchoscopy at a single time point.
Alternative Biosynthetic Starter Units Enhance the Structural Diversity of Cyanobacterial Lipopeptides
Authors: Mareš Jan , Hájek Jan , Urajová Petra , Kust Andreja , Jokela Jouni , Saurav Kumar , Galica Tomáš , Čapková Kateřina , Mattila Antti , Haapaniemi Esa , Permi Perttu , Mysterud Ivar , Skulberg Olav M. , Karlsen Jan , Fewer David P. , Sivonen Kaarina , Tønnesen Hanne Hjorth , Hrouzek Pavel
Published: December 2018

Herein, we deciphered the most important biosynthetic traits of a prominent group of bioactive lipopeptides. We reveal evidence for initiation of biosynthesis by two alternative starter units hardwired directly in the same gene cluster, eventually resulting in the production of a remarkable range of lipopeptide variants. We identified several unusual tailoring genes potentially involved in modifying the fatty acid chain. Careful characterization of these biosynthetic gene clusters and their diverse products could provide important insight into lipopeptide biosynthesis in prokaryotes. Some of the variants identified exhibit cytotoxic and antifungal properties, and some are associated with a toxigenic biofilm-forming strain. The findings may prove valuable to researchers in the fields of natural product discovery and toxicology.
Methamphetamine Impairs IgG1-Mediated Phagocytosis and Killing of Cryptococcus neoformans by J774.16 Macrophage- and NR-9640 Microglia-Like Cells
Authors: Aslanyan Lilit , Lee Hiu H. , Ekhar Vaibhav V. , Ramos Raddy L. , Martinez Luis R.
Published: December 2018

The prevalence of methamphetamine (METH) use is estimated at ∼35 million people worldwide, with over 10 million users in the United States. Chronic METH abuse and dependence predispose the users to participate in risky behaviors that may result in the acquisition of HIV and AIDS-related infections.
Role of a Stem-Loop Structure in
Helicobacter pylori cagA
Transcript Stability
Authors: Loh John T. , Lin Aung Soe , Beckett Amber C. , McClain Mark S. , Cover Timothy L.
Published: December 2018

Helicobacter pylori
CagA is a secreted effector protein that contributes to gastric carcinogenesis. Previous studies showed that there is variation among
H. pylori
strains in the steady-state levels of CagA and that a strain-specific motif downstream of the
cagA
transcriptional start site (the +59 motif) is associated with both high levels of CagA and premalignant gastric histology.
The SOS Response Mediates Sustained Colonization of the Mammalian Gut
Authors: Samuels Amanda N. , Roggiani Manuela , Zhu Jun , Goulian Mark , Kohli Rahul M.
Published: December 2018

Bacteria have a remarkable ability to survive, persist, and ultimately adapt to environmental challenges. A ubiquitous environmental hazard is DNA damage, and most bacteria have evolved a network of genes to combat genotoxic stress.
Regulatory Effect of SlyA on
rcsB
Expression in
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Ballesteros María F. , Torrez Lamberti Mónica F. , Farizano Juan V. , Pescaretti María M. , Delgado Mónica A.
Published: December 2018

The antagonistic behavior of RcsB and SlyA on virulence gene expression led us to hypothesize that there is interplay between both regulators in a regulatory network and these could be considered coordinators of this process. Here, we report that the SlyA virulence factor influences motility behavior by controlling
rcsB
transcription from the P

rcsB

promoter. We also demonstrate that SlyA negatively affects the expression of the
rcsB
gene by direct binding to P

rcsDB

and P

rcsB

promoters. We suggest that different levels of RcsB act as a switch between the virulent and attenuated forms of
Salmonella
, where high concentrations of the regulator tend to tilt the balance toward the attenuated form and low concentrations or its absence tilt it toward the virulent form.
Potent Cas9 Inhibition in Bacterial and Human Cells by AcrIIC4 and AcrIIC5 Anti-CRISPR Proteins
Authors: Lee Jooyoung , Mir Aamir , Edraki Alireza , Garcia Bianca , Amrani Nadia , Lou Hannah E. , Gainetdinov Ildar , Pawluk April , Ibraheim Raed , Gao Xin D. , Liu Pengpeng , Davidson Alan R. , Maxwell Karen L. , Sontheimer Erik J.
Published: December 2018

As one of their countermeasures against CRISPR-Cas immunity, bacteriophages have evolved natural inhibitors known as anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins. Despite the existence of such examples for type II CRISPR-Cas systems, we currently know relatively little about the breadth of Cas9 inhibitors, and most of their direct Cas9 targets are uncharacterized. In this work we identify two new type II-C anti-CRISPRs and their cognate Cas9 orthologs, validate their functionality
in vitro
and in bacteria, define their inhibitory spectrum against a panel of Cas9 orthologs, demonstrate that they act before Cas9 DNA binding, and document their utility as off-switches for Cas9-based tools in mammalian applications. The discovery of diverse anti-CRISPRs, the mechanistic analysis of their cognate Cas9s, and the definition of Acr inhibitory mechanisms afford deeper insight into the interplay between Cas9 orthologs and their inhibitors and provide greater scope for exploiting Acrs for CRISPR-based genome engineering.
Antibodies against the Majority Subunit (PilA) of the Type IV Pilus of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Disperse Moraxella catarrhalis from a Dual-Species Biofilm
Authors: Mokrzan Elaine M. , Novotny Laura A. , Brockman Kenneth L. , Bakaletz Lauren O.
Published: December 2018

Middle ear infections (or otitis media [OM]) are highly prevalent among children worldwide and present a tremendous socioeconomic challenge for health care systems. More importantly, this disease diminishes the quality of life of young children. OM is often chronic and recurrent, due to the presence of highly antibiotic-resistant communities of bacteria (called biofilms) that persist within the middle ear space. To combat these recalcitrant infections, new and powerful biofilm-directed approaches are needed. Here, we describe the ability to disrupt a biofilm formed by the two most common bacteria that cause chronic and recurrent OM in children, via an approach that combines the power of vaccines with that of traditional antibiotics. An outcome of this strategy is that antibiotics can more easily kill the bacteria that our vaccine-induced antibodies have released from the biofilm. We believe that this approach holds great promise for both the prevention and treatment of OM.
Coupled hydromechanical (H-M) performance of in situ shaft sealing components for nuclear waste disposal
Authors: Kim Chang Seok , Alfaro Marolo C. , Blatz James , Graham James
Published: December 2018

Decommissioning and closure of Canada’s Underground Research Laboratory (URL) involved installing a full-scale 5 m diameter by 12 m long seal in the main access shaft. The seal consisted of clay and concrete components spanning a major water-bearing fracture zone (FZ2) located at a depth of around 275 m that isolates two hydrogeochemical regimes. This paper presents results of coupled hydromechanical (H-M) numerical modelling that simulated measured performance of the seal. Parameters for the H-M modeling were determined from previously measured laboratory test data. Results from the modelling were compared with field data for water uptake and total pressures in the system. They show that hydration of the clay seal was dominated by the groundwater flow from FZ2. The simulations showed good agreement with field readings and provide an improved understanding of various interrelated physical processes that take place during hydration.
Effect of interface transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity on contaminant migration through composite liners with wrinkles or failed seams
Authors: Rowe R. Kerry , AbdelRazek A.Y.
Published: December 2018

The leakage and the peak chloride concentration in an aquifer for a single composite liner facility is modelled for (i) a hole in a geomembrane wrinkle and (ii) a failed seam. A method using a closed-form solution to calculate leakage together with a l½-dimensional (l½D) semi-analytic contaminant transport model is proposed, and the results compared with those obtained from two-dimensional (2D) finite element modelling (FEM). Leakage is shown to be highly dependent on the interaction between the interface transmissivity (θ) and hydraulic conductivity beneath the wrinkle (kb). Similar leakages arising from different combinations of transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity are shown to have significantly different impacts on an underlying aquifer. Contaminant transport modelling is needed to assess this effect for the likely range of uncertainty regarding interface transmissivity (θ) and hydraulic conductivity. The 2D FEM is conceptually more comprehensive; however, using conventional software only a very limited size of problem could be accurately modeled given the greatly different scales that must be modelled. In contrast, the semi-analytic 1½D approach readily allowed consideration of the highly variable scales, and gave results at the down-gradient edge sufficiently similar to the 2D approach.
Pressure flow and weir scour beneath a bridge deck
Authors: Baduna Kocyigit Musteyde , Karakurt Onur
Published: December 2018

In this study, a series of experiments in a flume was conducted to investigate the maximum scour hole depth that occurred due to the vertical contraction of the flow underneath a bridge deck model without a pier. The bridge model was tested under pressurized and weir type of flows governed by clear water conditions. Various parameters of flow, sediment, and geometric features of the bridge, such as approach flow depth, discharge, sediment size, girder depth and degree of submergence were varied to investigate their effects on the maximum depth of scour hole. A total of 102 experiments were conducted and two empirical equations were developed separately for pressure and weir flow types with the use of experimental data. Effects of the aforementioned parameters on the scour hole were also analyzed and discussed.
Using an individual-based model to simulate the Gulf of Maine American lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery and evaluate the robustness of current management regulations
Authors: Mazur Mackenzie , Li Bai , Chang Jui-Han , Chen Yong
Published: December 2018

Individual-based models (IBMs) can capture complex processes with a flexible probabilistic approach, which makes them useful for studying organisms with complex life history and fishery processes such as the American lobster (Homarus americanus). This research aims to modify and parameterize an individual-based lobster simulator (IBLS) to simulate the American lobster fishery in the Gulf of Maine. To simulate the fishery, the IBLS was tuned to match the seasonal catch and size composition from the 2015 American lobster stock assessment by adjusting the values of coefficients for select parameters. With appropriate coefficients for the initial abundance, recruitment, and seasonal encounter probability levels, the tuned IBLS accurately simulated the historical landings. Given the uncertainty in future American lobster recruitment, the tuned IBLS was then used to evaluate the effectiveness of current management regulations under different levels of recruitment.
Remediation of deterioration in microbial structure in continuous Pinellia ternata cropping soil by crop rotation
Authors: He Zhigui , Mao Renjun , Dong Juan e , Liang Zongsuo , Zhang Haihua , Liu Lin
Published: December 2018

Pinellia ternata is a traditional Chinese herb that suffers from continuous cropping (CC), which significantly decreases both yield and quality. The influence of CC on the microbiome in P. ternata rhizosphere and the effects of remediation on microbiota by rotational cropping (CR) were assessed by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. CC tends to decrease the α-diversities as a function of cultivation time, whereas CR tends to increase them. Differentially abundant analysis showed that microbial structure was important in maintaining the health status of P. ternata rhizosphere. Results suggested that CC soils were mainly enriched for Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Streptophyta operational taxonomic units (OTUs), while the CR soils were mainly enriched for Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Sphingomonas, Rhizobacter, and Arthrobacter OTUs. On the basis of the community dissimilarities, we grouped all sample replicates into three post hoc clusters in which soils were defined as healthy, health-suppressed, and health-depressed soils. The three soil types represented different soil physicochemical properties. The activities of the microbiome features, including ammonia oxidizer, sulfate reducer, nitrite reducer, dehalogenation, xylan degrader, sulfide oxidizer, nitrogen fixation, atrazine metabolism, chitin degradation, degraded aromatic hydrocarbons, and chlorophenol degradation, were also considerably different among the three soils.
Single image haze removal with approximate radiance darkness prior
Authors: Xiang Ruxi , Wu Feng
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we propose a novel and effective method for removing haze based on a single image, which firstly computes the dark channel of the estimated radiance image by decomposing the dark channel of the haze input image, and the method then estimates the transmission map of the input image. Finally, the scene radiance image is restored by the classical atmospheric scattering model. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms He et al.’s method in terms of haze removal.
The amalgamation of high distance Heegaard splittings along tori
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Guoqiu
Published: December 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be a compact, connected, orientable closed 3-manifold. Let [Formula: see text] be a disjoint union of incompressible separating tori in [Formula: see text] which cut [Formula: see text] into the submanifolds [Formula: see text]. In the present paper, we show that the Heegaard genus [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is given by [Formula: see text] provided that each [Formula: see text] has a Heegaard splitting [Formula: see text] with Hempel distance [Formula: see text].
Rotating normal and phantom Einstein–Maxwell–dilaton black holes: Geodesic analysis
Authors: Azreg-Aïnou Mustapha , Haroon Sumarna , Jamil Mubasher , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: December 2018

Depending on five parameters, rotating counterparts of Einstein–Maxwell–dilaton black holes are derived. We discuss their physical and geometric properties and investigate their null and timelike geodesics including circular orbits. The Lense–Thirring effect is considered.
Amplitude-Dependent Damping: Experimental Determination and Functional Interpretation for Metal–Plastic Composites
Authors: Klaerner Matthias , Wuehrl Mario , Kroll Lothar , Marburg Steffen
Published: December 2018

Composite materials offer a high freedom of design with regard to stiffness, strength and damping. In contrast to efficient anisotropic but linear material models, these composites often tend to react nonlinearly. Commonly, such nonlinear material damping models imply frequency and temperature dependency. In addition, some materials show a substantial amplitude sensitivity of the damping.

Within this study, metal–plastic composites with highly dissipating shear sensitive cores have been used to experimentally determine the damping values with varying amplitudes. The results show a significance of this parameter already for small deflection within the geometrically linear range. The derived nonlinearity is further described by an exponential approach and parametrized by a regression analysis. Furthermore, the amplitude sensitivity is retraced to the contributions of the layered material by a detailed numerical analysis of the stress states. Therefrom, the mean strain energy density per material is derived as an amplitude criterion for the nonlinear damping model.

The resulting model can be further applied to the finite element analysis to improve the determination of vibrations as well as structure borne sound of such acoustically improved materials.
An Influence of Homogeneity of Magnetic Field on Stability of a Rectangular Plate
Authors: Kȩdzia Piotr , Magnucki Krzysztof , Smyczyński Mikołaj , Wstawska Iwona
Published: December 2018

The main objective of presented work is a rectangular plate subjected to dynamic in-plane load generated by magnetic field. The plate is made of polyethylene (PE). There are two pockets on each of the two opposite edges of the plate. These pockets with porous structure are filled in with ferrofluid. The coil system consists of two magnetic field coil subsystems. These systems are built of Helmholtz (MC) and Golay coils (GC) and generate nonhomogeneous magnetic field. If the magnetic field is more homogeneous, the compression load is induced. In other cases, local tensile load occurs (compression load dominates). For presented coil systems, the intensity of load was examined for two variants. For the first of them, the intensity of load was dependent on the radius of Golay coil arcs. The change of the radius of saddle coils also influences on the strength of the gradient of the magnetic field. The second one describes the intensity of load which depends on the change of GC radius without changing the strength of magnetic field (the strength of magnetic field is compensated with changing the current flowing through the coils wires or with changing the number of wires). In this paper, the analytical model of the plate is presented. The model of the plate was formulated with the use of classical Kirchhoff–Love hypothesis. Elastic strain energy, kinetic energy as well as work of load were formulated. The equation of motion was derived based on the Hamilton’s principle. The numerical studies were related to the analysis of the intensity of load distribution.
Selected Properties of the Hybrid Micro-Installation Model Based on Electrochemical Battery and PV Module
Authors: Chmielewski Adrian , Możaryn Jakub , Bogdziński Krzysztof , Piórkowski Piotr , Mydłowski Tomasz , Gumiński Robert , Mączak Jędrzej
Published: December 2018

In this paper, a theoretical model of an electrochemical battery connected with three diode model of a photovoltaic module is presented. To calculate selected parameters of the electrochemical battery model an iteration-approximation method has been employed. Then there are presented chosen curves of LiFePO4 batteries obtained from the experimental research and simulation of the thermal-electrochemical model well known as a combined model. Moreover, by using a combined model, the heat generation of the battery has been calculated. The model was prepared to analyze the influence of selected thermodynamic and electrochemical parameters including the shunt resistance value, series resistance value, solar radiation power density on the photovoltaic module power value for winter and summer season. As a result of the performed simulations with photovoltaic (PV) module and without PV module in the specific daily cycle, the curves of battery state of charge (SOC) have been shown. The presented results inform about the dynamic operation of the simulated LiFePO4 batteries which are integrated with PV module in hybrid micro-installation.
Elastically Mounted Double Aerodynamic Pendulum
Authors: Selyutskiy Yury D. , Holub Andrei P. , Dosaev Marat Z.
Published: December 2018

Elastically mounted double aerodynamic pendulum is an aeroelastic system with two rotational degrees of freedom. A wing is attached to the second link of the pendulum. It is shown that it is possible to select values of parameters in such a way as to make the trivial equilibrium (where both links of the pendulum are stretched along the flow) unstable. Numerical simulation of behavior of the system in such situations is performed, and arising limit cycles are studied. Experimental investigation of such aerodynamic pendulum is performed in the subsonic wind tunnel of the Institute of Mechanics of Lomonosov Moscow State University. Characteristics of periodic motions are registered for different values of parameters of the system. It is shown that experimental data are in qualitative agreement with results of numerical simulation.
Control Force Recalculation for Balancing Problems
Authors: Bodor Bálint , Bencsik László , Insperger Tamás
Published: December 2018

Understanding the mechanism of human balancing is a scientifically challenging task. In order to describe the nature of the underlying control mechanism, the control force has to be determined experimentally. A main feature of balancing tasks is that the open-loop system is unstable. Therefore, reconstruction of the trajectories using the measured control force is difficult, since measurement inaccuracies, noise and numerical errors increase exponentially with time.

In order to overcome this problem, a new approach is proposed in this paper. In the presented technique, first the solution of the linearized system is used. As a second step, an optimization problem is solved which is based on a variational principle. A main advantage of the method is that there is no need for the numerical differentiation of the measured data for the calculation of the control forces, which is the main source of the numerical errors. The method is demonstrated in case of a human stick balancing.
Generalized Casimir operators
Authors: Eswara Rao S.
Published: December 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be symmetrizable Kac–Moody Lie algebra. In this paper, we describe a new class of central operators generalizing the Casimir operator. We also prove some properties of these operators and show that these operators move highest weight vectors to new highest weight vectors.
Cayley–Dickson process and centrally essential rings
Authors: Markov V. T. , Tuganbaev A. A.
Published: December 2018

We describe associative center [Formula: see text] and the center [Formula: see text] of the ring [Formula: see text] obtained by applying the generalized Cayley–Dickson construction and we find conditions under which the ring [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-essential or centrally essential. The obtained results are applied to generalized quaternion rings and octonion rings; we use them to construct an example of a nonassociative centrally essential ring.
Image classification with quantum pre-training and auto-encoders
Authors: Piat Sebastien , Usher Nairi , Severini Simone , Herbster Mark , Mansi Tommaso , Mountney Peter
Published: December 2018

Computer vision has a wide range of applications from medical image analysis to robotics. Over the past few years, the field has been transformed by machine learning and stands to benefit from potential advances in quantum computing. The main challenge for processing images on current and near-term quantum devices is the size of the data such devices can process. Images can be large, multidimensional and have multiple color channels. Current machine learning approaches to computer vision that exploit quantum resources require a significant amount of manual pre-processing of the images in order to be able to fit them onto the device. This paper proposes a framework to address the problem of processing large scale data on small quantum devices. This framework does not require any dataset-specific processing or information and works on large, grayscale and RGB images. Furthermore, it is capable of scaling to larger quantum hardware architectures as they become available. In the proposed approach, a classical autoencoder is trained to compress the image data to a size that can be loaded onto a quantum device. Then, a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is trained on the D-Wave device using the compressed data, and the weights from the RBM are then used to initialize a neural network for image classification. Results are demonstrated on two MNIST datasets and two medical imaging datasets.
A Note on Special Local 2-Nilpotent Groups and the Solvability of Finite Groups
Authors: Shi Jiangtao , Kutnar Klavdija , Zhang Cui
Published: December 2018

A finite group G is called a special local 2-nilpotent group if G is not 2-nilpotent, the Sylow 2-subgroup P of G has a section isomorphic to the quaternion group of order 8, [Formula: see text] and NG(P) is 2-nilpotent. In this paper, it is shown that SL2(q), [Formula: see text], is a special local 2-nilpotent group if and only if [Formula: see text], and that GL2(q), [Formula: see text], is a special local 2-nilpotent group if and only if q is odd. Moreover, the solvability of finite groups is also investigated by giving two generalizations of a result from [A note on p-nilpotence and solvability of finite groups, J. Algebra 321 (2009) 1555–1560].
A Generalization of Strongly Nil Clean Rings
Authors: Cui Jian , Yin Xiaobin
Published: December 2018

Generalizing the notion of strongly nil clean rings, we introduce strongly quasi-nil clean rings. Some fundamental properties and equivalent characterizations of this class of rings are provided. By means of g-Drazin inverses, Cline’s formula and Jacobson’s lemma for strongly quasi-nil clean elements are investigated.
Dual Lie Bialgebra Structures of Twisted Schrödinger-Virasoro Type
Authors: Song Guang’ai , Yue Xiaoqing
Published: December 2018

In this paper, the structures of dual Lie bialgebras of twisted Schrödinger-Virasoro type are investigated. By studying the maximal good subspaces, we determine the dual Lie coalgebras of the twisted Schrödinger-Virasoro algebras. Then based on this, we construct the dual Lie bialgebra structures of this type. As by-products, four new infinite dimensional Lie algebras are obtained.
A Note on the Rank of a Restricted Lie Algebra
Authors: Chang Hao
Published: December 2018

In this short note, we study the rank of a restricted Lie algebra (𝔤, [p]), and give some applications which concern the dimensions of non-trivial irreducible modules. We also compute the rank of the restricted contact algebra.
Gröbner-Shirshov Basis and Minimal Projective Resolution of Uq+(B2)
Authors: Mao Lingling , Wang Jingqian
Published: December 2018

In this paper, by using the Anick resolution and Gröbner-Shirshov basis for quantized enveloping algebra of type B2, we compute the minimal projective resolution of the trivial module of [Formula: see text], and as an application we compute the global dimension of [Formula: see text].
Eclogites and other high-pressure rocks in the Himalaya: a review
Authors: O'Brien Patrick J.
Published: December 2018

Himalayan high-pressure metamorphic rocks are restricted to three environments: the suture zone; close to the suture zone; and (mostly) far (>100 km) from the suture zone. In the NW Himalaya and South Tibet, Cretaceous-age blueschists (glaucophane-, lawsonite- or carpholite-bearing schists) formed in the accretionary wedge of the subducting Neo-Tethys. Microdiamond and associated phases from suture-zone ophiolites (Luobusa and Nidar) are, however, unrelated to Himalayan subduction–collision processes. Deeply subducted and rapidly exhumed Indian Plate basement and cover rocks directly adjacent to the suture zone enclose eclogites of Eocene age, some coesite-bearing (Kaghan/Neelum and Tso Morari), formed from Permian Panjal Trap, continental-type, basaltic magmatic rocks. Eclogites with a granulite-facies overprint, yielding Oligocene–Miocene ages, occur in the anatectic cordierite ± sillimanite-grade Indian Plate mostly significantly south of the suture zone (Kharta/Ama Drime/Arun, north Sikkim and NW Bhutan) but also directly at the suture zone at Namche Barwa. The sequence carpholite-, coesite-, kyanite- and cordierite-bearing rocks of these different units demonstrates the transition from oceanic subduction to continental collision via continental subduction. The granulitized eclogites in anatectic gneisses preserve evidence of former thick crust as in other wide hot orogens, such as the European Variscides.
An Arc Fault Detection Method Based on Multidictionary Learning
Authors: Qu Na , Wang Jianhui , Liu Jinhai , Wang Zhi
Published: December 2018

This paper uses the dictionary learning of sparse representation algorithm to detect the arc fault. Six kinds of characteristics, that is, the normalized amplitudes of 0Hz, 50Hz, 100Hz, 150Hz, 200Hz, and 250Hz in the current amplitude spectrum, are used as inputs. The output is normal work or arc fault. Increasing the number of training samples can improve the accuracy of the tests. But if the training samples are too many, it is difficult to be expressed by single dictionary. This paper designs a multidictionary learning method to solve the problem. Firstly, n training samples are selected to form s overcomplete dictionaries. Then a dictionary library consisting of s dictionaries is constructed. Secondly, t (t≤s) dictionaries are randomly selected from the dictionary library to judge the test results, respectively. Finally, the final detest result is obtained through the maximum number of votes, that is, the modality with the most votes is the detest result. Simulation results show that the accuracy of detection can be improved.