bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity of freshwater fish at Sago Palm Wetlands, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand
Authors: Suriya Chankaew , Satian Chunta , Visut Batmai , Supadha Kiriratnikom
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Suriya C, Satian C, Visut B, Supadha K. 2022. Diversity of freshwater fish at Sago Palm Wetlands, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 6335-6344. Studies on the diversity of freshwater fish at Sago Palm Wetlands, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand, were conducted in the period from March 2020 to November 2020. Fish samples were collected, encompassing the hot-dry season (March to June) and the rainy season (September to November) at 4 sampling zones, with 5 stations for each zone. Fish were caught using a seine net of 1 cm mesh size, 1.5m in length, and 1m in width. All data were analyzed to find out the fish diversity indices. The multivariate method was used to determine cluster analysis. A total of 3634 fish specimens, representing 62 species belonging to 24 families, were recorded during the sampling period. Cyprinidae was the major family, with Trichopsis vittatus containing the highest index of relative importance (IRI). The species diversity index of fish was in the range of 0.66 to 2.67; the evenness index was in the range of 0.64 to 0.95, and the species richness index ranged from 0.36 to 6.86, indicating an intermediate-low uniformity, with a medium species number in the area. The cluster analysis of the Bray-Curtis similarity index shows A division of the fish community into 2 clusters in the hot-dry season and 3 clusters in the rainy season, having a similarity percentage ranging between 42% and 95%, respectively. Also documented were one introduced species and one endangered fish species during sampling. The findings suggest that Sago Palm Wetlands is still inhabited by numerous fish species and should be conserved to ensure its aquatic animal richness for the future. This data provides information about the fish habitat in the Sago Palm Wetlands and can be used to update the checklists of fish species in the Tapi River, the Pak Phanang River, and the Trang River Basins. It also can be useful for the planning of fishing activities and the provision of guidelines for future research and conservation purposes.
Changes in floristic diversity and stand damage of tropical forests caused by logging operations in North Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: MATANGARAN JUANG RATA , ANISSA INTAN NOER , ADLAN QI , MUJAHID MUHAMMAD
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Matangaran JR, Anissa IN, Adlan Q, Mujahid M. 2022. Changes in floristic diversity and stand damage of tropical forests caused by logging operations in North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6358-6365. Selective cutting of natural forests in Indonesia has been going on for decades. As a consequence, such activities cause disturbances in vegetation cover indicated by changes in diversity and evenness, forest stands damage and mortality of juvenile trees. This research aimed to determine changes in diversity and evenness of vegetation before and after harvesting at seedling, saplings, poles and tree levels, stand damage and forest opening, the number of natural regeneration, and the relationship between felling intensity and forest opening. The research was conducted in a logging concession applying Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) in North Kalimantan by restricting timber cutting to only commercial trees with a diameter of more than 50 cm. The result found 38 tree species in the research plot with average logging intensity of 6.5 trees per hectare. Before and after harvesting, it was found that there were slight changes in diversity and evenness indices at seedling, sapling, pole and tree levels. The percentage of stand damage was 17.8%, and the percentage of forest opening was 19.76 %, which was comparably lower than logging practices in other areas. Nonetheless, we found a strong positive relationship between felling intensity and forest opening. The findings of this study provide another evidence that it is necessary to implement reduced impact logging to reduce damage to forest ecosystems due to selective cutting in the tropical region. It is important to limit the number of trees logged per hectare in order to reduce logging damage and forest opening, minimize impacts on tree species diversity and facilitate natural regeneration.
The screening of probiotic lactic acid bacteria from honey of stingless bee from West Sumatra, Indonesia and using as starter culture
Authors: MELIA SRI , ARITONANG SALAM N. , JULIYARSI INDRI , KURNIA YULIANTI FITRI , RUSDIMANSYAH RUSDIMANSYAH , HERNITA VIRA OKTAVIA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Melia S, Aritonang SN, Juliyarsi I, Kurnia YF, Rusdimansyah, Hernita VO. 2022. The screening of probiotic lactic acid bacteria from honey of stingless bee from West Sumatra, Indonesia and using as starter culture. Biodiversitas 23: 6379-6385. This study aimed to isolate probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from stingless bee honey (Galo-galo) and apply it as a starter culture. This research used stingless bee honey (Galo-galo) from west Sumatra, Indonesia. There are 6 types of honey bees, namely Tetragonula sarawakensis (TS), Tetragonula testaceitarsis (TT), Tetragonula minangkabau (MK), Tetrigona binghami (TB), Geniotrigona thoracica (TR) and Heterotrigona itama (IT). The screening of probiotics was evaluated as the LAB isolates' ability to resist acid (pH 3), bile salts (0xgall 0.5%), and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Based on the probiotic selection, the TB1 isolate from Tetrigona binghami honey had an acid tolerance of 82.75%, bile salt tolerance of 94.44%, and the highest antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria with more excellent resistance than antibiotics. The identification with 16S rRNA showed that the TB1 bacterial isolate had 100% similarity with Lactobacillus plantarum SN13TFurthermore, starter culture inoculated with 6% L.plantarum SN13T met the starter culture parameters, with a pH of 4.7, titratable acidity of 1.46%, and lactic acid bacteria counts of 9.0 x 109 CFU/mL. L.plantarum SN13T is a candidate probiotic bacteria isolated from the stingless bee honey (Tetrigona binghami). This bacteria has the potential to be developed as a starter for fermented milk processing in the food industry.
The prospects of business development in ornamental fish in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: MULYATI SUR , HERDIANTO TOMMY , SUHERMANTO ACHMAD , SOFIAN ACHMAD
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Mulyati S, Herdianto T, Suhermanto A, Sofian A. 2022. The prospects of business development in ornamental fish in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6413-6419. Ornamental fish is a potential commodity necessarily optimized to improve the welfare of society. One of the Indonesian provinces producing diverse species of ornamental fish to export is Southeast Sulawesi. This study aimed to evaluate the ornamental fish potentials and create an evaluation possibly implemented as a consideration to determine business development strategies. The method was a case study, collected data through observation, interviews, literature study, and internal and external conditions were analyzed using SWOT analysis. The study analyzed the potential, trade, and strategy for business development in ornamental fish in Southeast Sulawesi. The study discovers that 38 species are traded, and nine of them are dominantly traded. Moreover, there are six main species potentially cultivated due to the demand and stable production; they are Betok Kupang (Chrysietera cyanea), Capungan (Apogon sp.), Angel KKO (Cirrhilabrus sp.), Clown fish (Amphiprion ocellaris), Keling Rub (Cirrhilabrus sp.), and Letter six (Paracanthurus hepatus). The development of ornamental fish cultivation can be implemented with the S-O (strengths–opportunities) strategy that manages and protects the environment of ornamental fish, strengthens the capacity of fishers and stakeholders for environmentally friendly activities and export market orientation, and builds cooperation of fisherman, exporters, and stakeholders to develop business in ornamental fish by emphasizing local species with high economic values and market demands. These results can be a consideration in making decisions related to the development of ornamental fish.
Short Communication: First report of Xanthomonas sacchari causing rice sheath rot disease in Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: IVAYANI IVAYANI , WIDIASTUTI ANI , SURYANTI SURYANTI , SUHARJO RADIX , PRIYATMOJO ACHMADI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Ivayani, Widiastuti A, Suryanti, Suharjo R, Priyatmojo A. 2022. Short Communication: First report of Xanthomonas sacchari causing rice sheath rot disease in Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6463-6470. Rice sheath rot is recently reported as an emerging important rice disease in Indonesia, which can cause yield losses of up to 85%. Due to its potential loss, serious attention should be given on the disease. However, there is still limited information on the causal agent of the disease in Indonesia, especially from plant pathogenic bacteria. One bacterial isolate (LSE 33) was obtained from the sheath rot symptom of rice. Pathogenicity test revealed that bacteria produced symptoms that were similar to those obtained from the field. Based on the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene region, isolate LSE 33 was placed within group of the type strain and reference strains of Xanthomonas sacchari. Strain LSE 33 had 99.93% sequence similarity with Xanthomonas sacchari strain SAM 144 and strain AF 10 isolated from rice, and 99.35% similarity with strain LMG 471T isolated from sugarcane. To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. sacchari causing sheath rot on rice in Indonesia.
The partial contribution of CO2-emission losses from subsidence in small-holder oil palm plantation on a tropical peatland in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: ASTIANI DWI , WIDIASTUTI TRI , EKAMAWANTI HANNA ARTUTI , EKYASTUTI WIWIK , ROSLINDA EMI , MUJIMAN MUJIMAN
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Astiani D, Widiastuti T, Ekamawanti HA, Ekyastuti W, Roslinda E, Mujiman. 2022. The partial contribution of CO2-emission losses from subsidence in small-holder oil palm plantation on a tropical peatland in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6539-6545. Carbon storage in tropical peat ecosystems over thousands of years, especially within peat soil, is in huge quantity. Degradation of peat ecosystems is generally caused by human factors, whether intentional or not, damaging the carbon storage function of tropical peatlands, where forest clearing, drainage development, and burning of land converted to agriculture and plantations result in significant greenhouse gas emissions. Tropical peat in the Kubu Raya District of West Kalimantan, which has a relatively large area of peat, has been degraded as a cause of uncontrolled drainage and land fires caused by a lack of management after its forest cover was lost. The main impact is an increase in peat CO2 emissions due to changes in land use, especially lowering groundwater levels. Subsequently, the subsidence process also occurs after land clearing. This study aims to obtain the proportion of carbon biomass loss due to the CO2 emission process from reducing the peat layer due to subsidence. Data collection was executed for two years, where CO2 emission was monitored bi-weekly, and the subsidence was measured bi-monthly. The results demonstrate groundwater levels dictate the peat CO2 emission and subsidence. Lowering GWL 30 to -85 cm increases CO2 by more than three times, approximately. The rate of peat subsidence shows similar trends to the emission. The proportion of peat biomass loss on CO2 emission was between 58.9 to 73.5%, except for GWL ~5 cm, where the proportion was the highest at 82%. The results of this study are beneficial in explaining the part of the subsidence that impacts the sources of CO2 emissions from the small-holder oil palm and GWL management on peatlands.
Isolation and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus)
Authors: FAIS MUTHIA MUHARANI , YURNALIZA YURNALIZA , HASTUTI LIANA DWI SRI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Fais MM, Yurnaliza Y, Hastuti LDS. 2022. Isolation and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle). Biodiversitas 23: 6564-6569. Endophytic fungi are a group of functional microorganisms from plants that can be used as a sustainable source to produce bioactive metabolites including pharmaceuticals. Citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) is a kind of medicinal plant that could be used to research the capabilities of endophytic fungi it harbors. The objective of this study was to isolate different endophytic fungi from leaves and stem of citronella plant that may be able to produce antibacterial substances. The bacteria Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were used in plug agar method to determine the potency of endophytic fungi as antibacterials. Using ITS1F and ITS4R primers, endophytic fungal isolates were identified molecularly. Result showed that total 20 isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained from citronella, 15 isolates from stem and 5 isolates from leaves. Three fungal isolates i.e. CNB 254, CNB 253, and CND 111, exhibited highly potent antagonistic activity against tested bacteria. The ethyl acetate extract had a higher antibacterial ability than methanol extract based on the diameter of inhibition zone formed. The three potential isolates were molecularly identified and submitted to GenBank, such as Trichoderma atrobrunneum CNB 253 (OP584477), Trichoderma afroharzianum CNB 254 (OP584478), and Fusarium pernambucanum CND 111(OP584479). The results of this study revealed that citronella grass has a relationship with endophytic fungi that include strains that may be exploited as a source of antimicrobials.
Mangrove forest utilization policies reconceptualized with a view to improving the regional economy in Aceh Tamiang District, Indonesia
Authors: NATSIR MUHAMMAD , ULYA ZAKI , FITRIANI RINI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Natsir M, Ulya Z, Fitriani R. 2022. Mangrove forest utilization policies reconceptualized with a view to improving the regional economy in Aceh Tamiang District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6570-6578. One of the Aceh's (Indonesia) districts with mangrove forests is Aceh Tamiang District. Manyak Payeud, Bendahara, Seureuwey, and Banda Mulia are the four sub-district in the Aceh Tamiang region that have the most potential tourist sites. However, due to the widespread illegal logging of mangroves carried out by the community to suit their daily requirements, the preservation of mangrove forests in the four sub-districts above is seriously damaged. As a result of illegal logging, mangroves are becoming less common in Aceh Tamiang District. Therefore, a unique policy, which can incorporate both community needs and economic development, is needed to manage the mangroves of Aceh Taminga District. The expectation is that mangrove management will enable Aceh Tamiang District to develop tourist attractions in this study. The normative juridical research methodology with SWOT analysis was applied in this study to understand the potential of mangrove management in improving the regional Economy in Aceh Tamiang District. The findings of this study are based on a SWOT analysis of four subdistricts in Aceh Tamiang District. The result suggests that the notion of forestry policy can support both local community interests and regional economic development. Additionally, it can be carried out through the Village Qanun to raise community awareness of the need to maintain and manage mangroves to enable the implementation of regional plans. To harmonize the understanding of the significance of mangroves as one of the regional tourist destinations, institutional coordination between the Aceh Tamiang district government and the provincial and central governments can also be used to realize the development of Aceh Tamiang tourism policies.
Benthic infaunal spatial biodiversity, coexistence, and availability for shorebird communities in the Jakarta Coastal Wetlands, Indonesia
Authors: WIBOWO ANDRIO A. , BASUKRIADI ADI , NURDIN ERWIN , NASUTION NANA SURYANA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Wibowo AA, Basukriadi A, Nurdin E, Nasution NS. 2022. Benthic infaunal spatial biodiversity, coexistence, and availability for shorebird communities in the Jakarta Coastal Wetlands, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 12: 23-32. Wetlands on the Jakarta Coast, Indonesia, is one of the important habitats for shorebirds. In the wetland ecosystem, benthic infauna is an important food source for the shorebird community. This study aims to assess the benthic infaunal spatial biodiversity and its availability for the shorebird community in the wetlands covering an ecotourism area and the west and east parts of a protected mangrove forest. The bird diversity was assessed using visual encounter surveys and 10 x 10 m plots for mangroves. The K-means clustering method measured the benthic infaunal coexistence and availability for shorebirds. Based on the result, benthic infauna was available as a food resource for shorebirds in the following order: Oligochaeta > Polychaeta > Gastropod > Crustacea, with the density of oligochaetes reaching 376.66 inds/100 m2. The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index (H’) ranges for benthic infauna were 1.306-1.573. Gastropods were available to Ciconiidae and Anhingidae; oligochaetes and polychaetes were available to Anatidae, Scolopacidae, and Phalacrocoracidae. In contrast, crustaceans were not available to any shorebird species. As confirmed in this study, shorebird species were associated with the presence of benthic infaunal communities and it recommends conserving the wetlands to ensure the availability of benthic infauna.
Analysis of water quality and heavy metal content of chromium in water, sediment, and flesh of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Premulung River, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: PITASARI INTAN SRI , SETYONO PRABANG , WIRYANTO WIRYANTO
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Pitasari IS, Setyono P, Wiryanto. 2022. Analysis of water quality and heavy metal content of chromium in water, sediment, and flesh of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Premulung River, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 12: 56-62. The river is a lotic ecosystem that plays an essential role in living things' lives, including as a habitat for aquatic organisms, drainage channels, and water sources for human needs. The Premulung River crosses the city of Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. The area along the Premulung River is surrounded by settlements, markets, textile industries, batik, screen printing, and hospitals, which produce waste that has the potential to pollute and degrade water quality. This study is aimed to determine the water quality and content of heavy chromium metal (Cr) in water, sediment, and tilapia meat (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Premulung River, Surakarta City, as well as the relationship between chromium content in water, in sediment and fish meat. This research was conducted by field observation at three stations of the Premulung River flows, namely under the Kleco Bridge, Griyan, and Jongke. The parameter data of temperature, TDS, pH, DO, BOD, COD, and Cr water compared to PPRI No. 82 of 2001 (class 2 water); chromium sediment compared to ANZECC Year 2000; Fish meat chromium compared to CFSA 2012. The Premulung River water quality was analyzed using the STORET method, while the Pearson correlation analyzed the relationship between chromium in water, sediment, and fish meat. The results showed that the water quality of the Premulung River in Surakarta City was moderately polluted. The heavy metal content of Premulung River chromium water (ttd to 0.0344) mg/L and chromium sediment (1.307-4.948) mg/kg still meets the standard quality, while the tilapia meat chromium (1.958-3.535) mg/kg exceeds the standard quality. The relationship between chromium water content was very strong and directly proportional (r= 0.997) with chromium fish meat, while chromium sediment with chromium fish meat was inversely proportional (r= -0.470).
Allelopathic effects of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) aqueous extracts on seeds germination and seedlings growth of alfalfa, sesame and sorghum
Authors: OMER HUDA HAROUN MOHAMMED , MOHAMMED IBRAHIM SAEED
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Omer HHM, Mohammed IS. 2017. Allelopathic effects mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) aqueous extracts on seeds germination and seedling growth of alfalfa, sesame and sorghum. Cell Biol Dev 1: 51-54. Mesquite plant [Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC] is an invasive tree or shrub native to South America. Unfortunately, the plant threatens biodiversity and agriculture due to deliberate distribution within Sudan. Furthermore, this plant has an allopathic potential that may be caused by falling leaves, fruits, root exudates, or plant leachates. These allelochemicals may inhibit the germination and growth of agricultural crops. This study was conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, in January-February 2016. The aim of this study was to elucidate the potential of allopathic effects of aqueous extract of different parts of mesquite plant, i.e., leaves, fruits, bark, and roots, on germination and early seedlings growth of alfalfa, sesame, and sorghum. The results indicated that the aqueous extracts of different parts of the mesquite plant significantly ( P ? 0. 05) inhibited the seeds' germination and reduced the early growth of the seedlings. These suggest that the inhibitory substance (s) were widely distributed in mesquite plants but to varying extents. Moreover, fruits and leaves extracts were more pronounced and consistent than bark and roots. That could be attributed to the mesquite fruits and leaves aqueous extracts containing more water-soluble allelochemicals than roots and bark. They gave 0.0% germination in alfalfa and sesame and 47.6-86.7% in sorghum, respectively, compared to control. At the same time, the length of hypocotyl and radical was reduced to 0.0 cm and up to 2.7 cm depending on the efficacy of extract and the response of the test crop. Thus, it is recommended to study the nature of inhibitors to determine whether allelopathic is the cause of the extraordinary success of mesquite on the flat plains of agricultural land in Sudan.
Variations in growth, proline content, and nitrate reductase activity of Canna edulis at different water availability
Authors: NUGRAHENI WINTANG , Solichatun Solichatun , ETIKAWATI NITA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Nugraheni W, Solichatun, Etikawati N. 2019. Variations in growth, proline content, and nitrate reductase activity of Canna edulis at different water availability. Cell Biol Dev 3: 30-39. Information on the physiological characteristics of Indian shot (Canna edulis Ker Gawl.), especially regarding the effect of water availability in its cultivation, is still limited. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in water availability on growth, proline content, and nitrate reductase activity in two intraspecies variations of C. edulis. Information on the physiological characteristics of C. edulis can be used as a basis for plant breeding efforts to optimize their cultivation. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, particularly water availability (A1=100% FC, A2=75% FC, A3=50% FC), with 3 replications for each intraspecies variation. The treatment of variations in water availability was given by watering once a day for 3 months. The data obtained for each intraspecies variation were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Suppose there was a significant difference between the treatments for variations in water availability. In that case, it is followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% level. In contrast, the data obtained on both intraspecies variations were analyzed by t-test to compare the response of the two intraspecies variations towards variations in water availability. The research results on each intraspecies variation of C. edulis showed that the treatment of variations in water availability affected growth, proline content, and nitrate reductase activity. In the variables of the number of leaves, leaf area, respiration rate, plant height, gross plant weight, and plant dry weight, the optimal growth is at 100% FC water availability. Proline content and nitrate reductase activity were influenced by variations in water availability, with the highest proline accumulation at 50% FC water availability, while the highest nitrate reductase activity was at 100% FC water availability. Both intraspecies variations of C. edulis plants have the same growth response, proline content, and nitrate reductase activity towards variations in water availability.
Association of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) (var. Ife Brown) with Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara: A special reference to nutrients lost by the host
Authors: Enyiukwu David Nwazuo , NWAOGU GRACE AMARACHI , BASSEY INEMESIT N.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Enyiukwu DN, Nwaogu GA, Bassey IN. 2020. Association of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) (var. Ife Brown) with Colletotrichum destructivum O'Gara: A special reference to nutrients lost by the host. Cell Biol Dev 4: 41-46. Cowpea or southern pea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is an important African grain and leafy vegetable. Anthracnose caused by C. destructivum represents a major biotic drawback to the profitable production of cowpeas in the incontinent. The disease culminates in the loss of grain yield, produce quality, and nutritional values of the crop. This work assessed and quantified the nutrients lost from the aerial organs of cowpea (var. Ife Brown) challenged by anthracnose disease in the field and storage 4 weeks after inoculation (WAI) by classical and spectrometric analyses. The results showed that the disease affected the nutrient contents of the inoculated crop's aerial organs, decreasing the mean quantities of all proximate constituents and major mineral nutrients such as calcium and phosphorus in the test plant materials. Amongst the aerial organs, fat was the most depleted nutrient (36.30%), followed by protein (28.52%), carbohydrate (26.67%), and crude fiber, with 20.04%, was the least. Generally, the highest mean loss of proximate nutrients due to anthracnose disease per organ of the test crop of 27.97% was recorded in the leaf sample, followed by 22.13% in the seeds and 18.03% in the husks was the least. Similarly, the highest mean mineral loss of 42.63 mg 100 g-1 occurred in the husks, followed by the stem (26.14 mg 100 g-1), while the seed recording (15.41 mg 100 g-1) was the least. Controlling this important fungal disease of the crop will undoubtedly result in better leaf, grain, and haulm quality, which will rub off as improved farm economy and public health in the continent.
Changes in color of betta fish (Betta splendens) by feeding of Artemia salina enriched with Tagetes erecta flower flour
Authors: KISWARA CHIKA ANNISA , BUDIHARJO AGUNG , SARI SITI LUSI ARUM
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Kiswara CA, Budiharjo A, Sari SLA. 2020. Changes in color of betta fish (Betta splendens) by feeding of Artemia salina enriched with Tagetes erecta flower flour. Cell Biol Dev 4: 46-50. Betta fish are attractive due to their varied and vibrant colors and aggressive temperament. Carotenoids are the pigments found in betta fish. They are kept in chromatophores. While fish cannot synthesize carotenoids in their bodies, they can absorb them from their diet and use them as pigments to enhance the color intensity of their bodies. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of color change and survival of betta fish fed with Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758), which has Tagetes erecta L. flower flour as their food. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) and three treatments with varying compositions of rice flour: T. erecta flower flour, namely, 5:1, 2:1, and 1:1, respectively. Artemia salina fed simply with rice flour was a control. Betta fish require 40 days of care. Color intensity was determined once every ten days using a color scale with a score of 1 (white), 2 (weak red), 3 (medium red), and 4 (dark red) (red). The results indicated that A. salina fed in a 1:1 ratio had the best effect on improving the color brightness of betta fish. All parts of the betta fish's body received a score of 4 in this treatment, including the head, fins, and tail.
Review: Factors affecting mass propagation of Vanda orchid in vitro
Authors: Setiaji Arkan , ANNISA RR. RIFKA , SANTOSO AGUNG D. , KINASIH ANGGIRESTI , RIYADI ANINDITA DR.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Setiaji A, Annisa RRR, Santoso AD, Kinasih A, Riyadi ADR. 2021. Review: Factors affecting mass propagation of Vanda orchid in vitro. Cell Biol Dev 5: 51-62. For the past decade, Vanda has been the primadonna of ornamental orchids in the south and southeast Asia, along with Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium. Along with the increase in demand for Vanda, this genus has faced several threats, from illegal collection to habitat loss. Therefore, mass propagation through in vitro culture is a promising strategy to ensure sustainable business in horticulture and conservation. This review provides an overview and synthesizes various Vanda in vitro culture literature. We showed the researchers' preferences on several aspects for growing Vanda, including species, basal medium, plant growth regulators, explant, and culture conditions. The most commonly used as explants are seeds or protocorms, growing on Murashige & Skoog or Vacin & Went medium. This medium can be added banana homogenate to increase its nutritional value. Vanda seedlings can be incubated at 25 ± 1-3oC, with a lighting intensity of 50 ?mol m-2 s-1 at 12/16 h PP. Choosing a medium that is cheaper but still rich in nutrients and its additives, especially during the subculture phase; selecting explants that are responsive and minimizing the possibility of contamination; as well as seeing the target market in particular, can make Vanda's propagation efforts more effective, efficient, and profitable.
Substrate-free miniaturized thin-film filters for single-element coarse wavelength division multiplexing fibers
Authors: Rüsseler Anna K. , Gehrke Philipp , Carstens Florian , Hoffmann Gerd-A. , Schönsee Guido , Thiel Axel , Vitt Martina , Wienke Andreas , Ristau Detlev
Published: January 2023

We have created high-precision, miniaturized, substrate-free filters, based on ion beam sputtering on a sacrificial substrate. The sacrificial layer is cost efficient and environmentally friendly and can be dissolved using only water. We demonstrate an improved performance compared to filters on thin polymer layers from the same coating run. With these filters, a single-element coarse wavelength division multiplexing transmitting device for telecommunication applications can be realized by inserting the filter between fiber ends.
Optical–electronic hybrid Fourier convolutional neural network based on super-pixel complex-valued modulation
Authors: Fan Li , Long Xilin , Dai Jun , Li Chong , Dong Xiaowen , He Jian-Jun
Published: January 2023

An optical–electronic hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) system is proposed and investigated for its parallel processing capability and system design robustness. It is regarded as a practical way to implement real-time optical computing. In this paper, we propose a complex-valued modulation method based on an amplitude-only liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator and a fixed four-level diffractive optical element. A comparison of computational results of convolutions between different modulation methods in the Fourier plane shows the feasibility of the proposed complex-valued modulation method. A hybrid CNN model with one convolutional layer of multiple channels is proposed and trained electrically for different classification tasks. Our simulation results show that this model has a classification accuracy of 97.55% for MNIST, 88.81% for Fashion MNIST, and 56.16% for Cifar10, which outperforms models using only amplitude or phase modulation and is comparable to the ideal complex-valued modulation method.
Efficient fabrication method for non-periodic microstructures using one-step two-photon lithography and a metal lift-off process
Authors: Xie Yu , Chen Jianxiong , Xu Hang , Zhang Yujie , Chen Quanzheng
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a mask-less, flexible, efficient, and high-resolution fabrication method for non-periodic microstructures. Sub-wavelength micro-polarizer arrays, (MPAs) which are the most essential part of the focal plane polarimeters, are typical non-periodic structures. The grating ridges of each polarizer were oriented in four different directions offset by 45°, corresponding to different polarization directions. The finite element method was introduced to optimize the structural parameters of the MPA in the far-infrared region. The numerical results demonstrated that the designed MPA had a TM transmittance of more than 55% and an extinction ratio no less than 7 dB. An aluminum MPA that operates in the 8–14 µm infrared region was prepared by one-step two-photon lithography (TPL) and the metal lift-off process. The femtosecond laser exposed the photoresist with only a single scan, making TPL very efficient. The fabricated single-layer sub-wavelength MPAs with a period of 3 µm, a duty cycle of 0.35–0.5, and a height of 150 nm, were analyzed by an optical microscope and an atomic force microscope. The successful fabrication of the MPA indicated that one-step TPL could be a viable and efficient method for pattern preparation in the fabrication of non-periodic microstructures.
Robust five-degree-of-freedom measurement system with self-compensation and air turbulence protection
Authors: Liu Wenzheng , Yu Zhenxin , Duan Fajie , Hu Hongwei , Fu Xiao , Bao Ruijia
Published: January 2023

A robust five-degree-of-freedom (5-DOF) measurement system is proposed in this paper. The compact optical configuration with high resolution is designed based on lens combination and multiple reflections. Beam drift and dual-beam parallelism are monitored and compensated by autocollimator units and a polarizer unit respectively. In addition, a protection method is proposed to reduce the intensity of air turbulence by reducing the Reynolds number of the beam path. The performance of the system is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the self-compensation methods and air turbulence protection can effectively improve the accuracy and stability of the system under the long-term interference of external environments. The proposed system has high precision, desirable robustness, and convenient pre-calibration, which can be used for error measurement of precision machines.
Theory of dielectric photonic crystals sandwiched between parallel metal plates
Authors: Bendtsen Reiko Inoue , Skovsen Esben , Møller Søndergaard Thomas
Published: January 2023

Photonic crystals based on silicon-air-geometries sandwiched between parallel metal plates are studied theoretically. Compared with in-plane propagation in corresponding infinite-height photonic crystals, modes with one of the two possible polarizations are eliminated for small plate separations. Consequently, 2D photonic crystals that usually do not have a band gap for both polarizations possess a complete band gap in the sandwich geometry. A procedure for obtaining the maximum allowed photonic-crystal height between plates that preserves the in-plane band gap is described. The effect on the band gap of adding an air-gap or a silicon substrate to the photonic crystal structure between plates is also studied. Finally, it is shown that, for terahertz frequencies, a useful distance between metal plates is comparable to the thickness of thin silicon wafers, and that propagation losses are sufficiently small that the structures are of practical interest. We briefly discuss the numerical method that was used for calculating band diagrams and band gaps, which is based on a modification to the plane-wave-expansion method [R. D. Meade et. al., Phys. Rev. B 48, 8434 (1993)10.1103/PhysRevB.48.8434] based on an iterative search algorithm exploiting Fast Fourier Transforms for fast calculations.
Engineered zero-dispersion microcombs using CMOS-ready photonics
Authors: Ji Qing-Xin , Jin Warren , Wu Lue , Yu Yan , Yuan Zhiquan , Zhang Wei , Gao Maodong , Li Bohan , Wang Heming , Xiang Chao , Guo Joel , Feshali Avi , Paniccia Mario , Ilchenko Vladimir S. , Matsko Andrey B. , Bowers John E. , Vahala Kerry J.
Published: January 2023

Normal group velocity dispersion (GVD) microcombs offer high comb line power and high pumping efficiency compared to bright pulse microcombs. The recent demonstration of normal GVD microcombs using CMOS foundry-produced microresonators is an important step toward scalable production. However, the chromatic dispersion of CMOS devices is large and impairs the generation of broadband microcombs. Here, we report the development of a microresonator in which GVD is reduced due to a coupled-ring resonator configuration. Operating in the turnkey self-injection locking mode, the resonator is integrated in a hybrid manner with a semiconductor laser pump to produce high-power efficiency combs spanning a bandwidth of 9.9 nm (1.22 THz) centered at 1560 nm, corresponding to 62 comb lines. Fast, linear optical sampling of the comb waveform is used to observe the rich set of near-zero GVD comb behaviors, including soliton molecules, switching waves (platicons), and their hybrids. Tuning of the 20 GHz repetition rate by electrical actuation enables servo locking to a microwave reference, which simultaneously stabilizes the comb repetition rate, offset frequency, and temporal waveform. This integrated hybrid system could be used in coherent communications or for ultrastable microwave signal generation by two-point optical frequency division.
Multi-omic association study identifies DNA methylation-mediated genotype and smoking exposure effects on lung function in children living in urban settings
Authors: Dapas Matthew , Thompson Emma E. , Wentworth-Sheilds William , Clay Selene , Visness Cynthia M. , Calatroni Agustin , Sordillo Joanne E. , Gold Diane R. , Wood Robert A. , Makhija Melanie , Khurana Hershey Gurjit K. , Sherenian Michael G. , Gruchalla Rebecca S. , Gill Michelle A. , Liu Andrew H. , Kim Haejin , Kattan Meyer , Bacharier Leonard B. , Rastogi Deepa , Altman Matthew C. , Busse William W. , Becker Patrice M. , Nicolae Dan , O’Connor George T. , Gern James E. , Jackson Daniel J. , Ober Carole
Published: January 2023

Impaired lung function in early life is associated with the subsequent development of chronic respiratory disease. Most genetic associations with lung function have been identified in adults of European descent and therefore may not represent those most relevant to pediatric populations and populations of different ancestries. In this study, we performed genome-wide association analyses of lung function in a multiethnic cohort of children (n = 1,035) living in low-income urban neighborhoods. We identified one novel locus at the TDRD9 gene in chromosome 14q32.33 associated with percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (p = 2.4x10-9; βz = -0.31, 95% CI = -0.41- -0.21). Mendelian randomization and mediation analyses revealed that this genetic effect on FEV1 was partially mediated by DNA methylation levels at this locus in airway epithelial cells, which were also associated with environmental tobacco smoke exposure (p = 0.015). Promoter-enhancer interactions in airway epithelial cells revealed chromatin interaction loops between FEV1-associated variants in TDRD9 and the promoter region of the PPP1R13B gene, a stimulator of p53-mediated apoptosis. Expression of PPP1R13B in airway epithelial cells was significantly associated the FEV1 risk alleles (p = 1.3x10-5; β = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.06–0.17). These combined results highlight a potential novel mechanism for reduced lung function in urban youth resulting from both genetics and smoking exposure.
Refractive changes after strabismus surgery in patients with intermittent exotropia
Authors: Moon Yeji , Kim Seong-Joon
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the long-term refractive changes after horizontal muscle surgery in patients with intermittent exotropia and investigate the correlation between changes in the postoperative refractive error and clinical factors.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients aged < 15 years who underwent unilateral strabismus surgery (lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection [RR, n = 47], lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication [RP, n = 81], or lateral rectus recession [LRc, n = 68]). Preoperative and postoperative refractive errors up to four years after surgery were recorded. A mixed model was applied to compare the refractive error between the operated and fellow eyes and identify the factors associated with postoperative refractive changes.

Results

The mean age at surgery was 7.5±2.4years, and girls accounted for 56.1% of the study population. There was no significant difference in the change in the spherical equivalent of refractive error between both eyes throughout the postoperative period. In contrast, the operated eyes consistently and significantly showed higher cylindrical power in with-the-rule astigmatism by 0.25D than in fellow eyes. Age, sex, and preoperative refractive error were not correlated with changes in postoperative astigmatism. Meanwhile, the type of surgery showed a significant interaction with the astigmatism changes. RP had less effect on the changes in astigmatism than RR and LRc (p = 0.001 and p = 0.022, respectively).

Conclusions

Horizontal muscle surgery has no long-term effect on the change in the spherical equivalent. However, mild with-the-rule astigmatism is induced and sustained after surgery, and the type of surgery affects the postoperative change of astigmatism.
Literacia em Saúde nos doentes Hipertensos e adultos sem Hipertensão Arterial
Authors: Teixeira Tânia , Saraiva Carvalho Paula , Mendes Silva Cláudia , Gama Jorge
Published: January 2023

A literacia em saúde desempenha um papel fulcral na gestão da doença crónica e no acesso aos cuidados de saúde. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação e comparação dos níveis de literacia em saúde entre adultos com e sem Hipertensão Arterial. Foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico e o Inquérito em Literacia em Saúde em Portugal. Neste estudo transversal participaram 152 indivíduos, sendo 76 hipertensos e 76 indivíduos sem patologia crónica, com idades entre 35 e 65 anos. Os indivíduos sem doença crónica apresentaram níveis de literacia em saúde mais elevados nas dimensões de prevenção de doença e promoção da saúde e os participantes com hipertensão na dimensão de cuidados de saúde. Verificou-se que os indivíduos mais velhos e com menor escolaridade surgem como grupos vulneráveis com níveis problemáticos de literacia em saúde. Este estudo contribuiu para realçar a importância de uma adequada literacia em saúde para aumentar o conhecimento e compreensão sobre a doença e as suas complicações.
El podcast como extensión transmedia sonora de la ficción audiovisual
Authors: Pedrero-Esteban Luis-Miguel , Terol-Bolinches Raúl , Arense-Gómez Alfredo
Published: January 2023

La ductilidad del podcast, un formato que favorece la autonomía y el control del oyente en el acceso al contenido y la intimidad y personalización en su escucha, permite expandir el alcance de la ficción audiovisual a través de relatos transmedia que amplían las posibilidades de conexión del usuario con sus historias, entornos y personajes. Esta investigación analiza los quince podcasts producidos en España durante el periodo 2015-2021 como extensiones de series estrenadas en cadenas de televisión en abierto (La1, Telecinco y Antena 3), canales de pago (FOX) y plataformas de video bajo demanda (Movistar+, HBO Max y Amazon Prime Video). El estudio confirma que todos ellos dan continuidad al universo narrativo original mediante una amplia variedad de géneros sonoros –audioficciones, entrevistas, tertulias, reportajes y documentales– y aportaciones argumentales exclusivas, distintivas y valiosas. Al mismo tiempo, se constata que, en algunos casos, las estrategias de distribución no están bien definidas ni aprovechan todas las plataformas y dispositivos de acceso al contenido. En todo caso, se evidencia el gran potencial del audio digital como un recurso creativo, eficiente y económicamente asequible tanto a nivel artístico como comercial. Con él se favorece la generación del engagement y se promueve una cultura de participación e interacción entre los fans que se convierte en una efectiva réplica a la creciente fragmentación de las audiencias en el contemporáneo ecosistema digital.
The correlation of international trade and growth in Indonesia
Authors: Sudarmawan Barianto Nurasri
Published: January 2023

Exports generate foreign exchange that can be used for economic activities. On the other hand, imports also give households and companies more choices in consuming goods. In other words, international trade provides advantages for each country. There have been many studies that attempt to empirically prove the relationship between export-import and economic growth. The aim of this study is to re-examine the relationship between exports, imports, and growth in the short run and long run in Indonesia. This study employed the Granger Causality test and VECM to find long-term and short-term respectively. This research used secondary data annually from 1980 to 2019. Result of this empirical study, we find correlating variables are GDP-Exports, GDP-Imports, and Imports-Exports in the long-term. These three long-term findings match the short-term findings explained by VECM modeling. According to these findings, the policy recommendation is Indonesia needs to import carefully because importing consumption goods is a sure way to deplete its own foreign exchange reserves. Second, based on our empirical found, importing intermediate goods can increase our export, so we suggest Indonesia should run substitution import strategy immediately
Collaborative and Traditional Practice-models as Perceived by Preservice Teachers: The Potential Impact of Culture
Authors:   Kibbutzim College of Education Technology and The Arts, Ronen Ilana , Danial-Saad Alexandra ,   The Academic Arab College for Education in Israel, Holsblat Rachel ,   Talpiot College
Published: January 2023

A differential cultural aspect manifested when we compared the experiences of 96-Jewish and 107-Arab PSTs who participated in a collaborative academy-class-practice- model (ACPM), or a traditional-practice-model (TPM). The attempt to implement the collaborative ACPM was hesitantly accepted by Jewish-PSTs, whereas the Arab-PSTs welcomed it warmly. This led us to question whether culture played a role in the groups’ perceptions of the ACPM\TPM. A mixed methods questionnaire has been used to examine PSTs` pedagogical knowledge, the perceived benefits they gained during the practicum, and the importance they attributed to the advice of staff members and peers. Although the PSTs from both groups assessed the knowledge variable to be higher in the ACPM than in the TPM, an opposite trend in the benefit dimension was revealed when comparing the experience of ACPM\TPM. The potential cultural impact of collaboration, involvement, and self-consideration as perceived by the two societies is discussed.