bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mapping and conservation status of architectural remnants from the time of the Sorocabana railway at Avaré Ecological Station and in the rural neighborhood of Andrade e Silva
Authors: Primos Mariana Patty Guilger , Enokibara Marta
Published: December 2020

The Andrade e Silva station and Forest Garden were installed, respectively, in 1895 and 1939 in the municipality of Avaré, as support for the operation of the “Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana” [Sorocabana railway]. With the change in the layout of the tracks, the surroundings of the station, which was configured as a prosperous urban center, became a rural neighborhood, and the Forest Garden an Ecological Station. In this context, the article aims at the mapping and conservation status of the architectural remnants still present in these locations. The specific objective is to provide subsidies for public policy decision making: Review of the “Plano de Manejo da Estação Ecológica de Avaré” [Avaré Ecological Station Management Plan] (EEA), belonging to the “Instituto Florestal” [Florestal Intitute] (IF) of the São Paulo State government, and the “Plano Diretor Municipal de Avaré” [Master Plan of the Municipality of Avaré]. Methodologically, it focused on primary documentation (Railway Reports, IF Reports, notary's certificates and legislation), cartographic, iconographic documentation, interviews and on-site visits to map the area in relation to its original composition (period of the railway) and the current situation. The survey enabled the mapping of the architectural remnants present in the neighborhood, in the EEA, as well as the original route that had been taken by the railway. The iconographic rescue allowed to pinpoint the location of buildings that no longer exist. The survey made it possible to ascertain that some architectural remnants present in the EEA have been restored (chapel), others need restoration (in the neighborhood and elements along the old railway track bed), but all need to be integrated into a joint policy between city and state, as they are important part of the history, memory and culture of the municipality of Avaré.
Urban ecological network
Authors: Ribeiro Marina Pannunzio , Mello Kaline de , Valente Roberta Averna
Published: December 2020

Protected Areas (PAs) have been implemented to preserve the remnants of native vegetation, playing a fundamental role in biodiversity conservation. For PAs to be potentially efficient, they must connect to other PAs and/or other remnants in the anthropic landscape, with the matrix permeability being an imperative factor in the dispersion of species, seeds, and pollens. The study's objective was to delineate an ecological network of protected areas inserted in an urban landscape. Geoprocessing and Graph Theory techniques were used to assess functional connectivity between PAs. The focus species used were forest birds, which are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. The information about dispersion capabilities came from the consultation of experts and resulted in a resistance surface. The dispersion model simulation in the landscape resulted in the least-cost path (LCP) and designed the urban ecological network. The LPC was characterized considering the buffer equal to 100m width. The resistance values for each land-use/land-cover, representing endemic bird species of the Atlantic Forest, were equal to one for the native forest located within the PAs. The LCPs were designed by 136 connectors, mostly by native forest (61.3%) and anthropic grasslands (21%). The riparian forests are an essential part of the LCP. The promotion of connectivity between PAs in an anthropic landscape needs the effectiveness of ecological restoration and/or conservation actions and matrix permeability analysis. The connection between PAs by ecological networks must be implemented as a conservation strategy in cities concerning the current era of urban expansion.
The ramp around the world: the composition of a post-Wolrd War II project atlas
Authors: Beltramini Luiza Paes de Barros Camara de Lucia , Castral Paulo César
Published: December 2020

The article proposed here reports on reading the master's student's research object using the iconological method created by the German historian Aby Warburg - the Atlas. The research in question has as the main object the reading of works that have the ramp as an architectural notation, a concept created by the Swiss architect Bernard Tschumi. Starting from a quick elucidation on the theoretical basis of the mother research, the process of building the universe of works is explained through searches in large portals for the dissemination of architectural projects, and those that meet the requirements created by the author are selected. Following the initial clarifications, there is a clarification of the German historian's methodology when composing the method that today is known as Atlas. Even though Atlas is a great help tool, it was concluded that secondary analyzes are necessary to bring the researcher closer to objects so that categories are created and from these object-works are highlighted for a more detailed assessment. All of these analyzes are carried out to find these object-works that will be studied to understand the ramp as architectural notation in post-World War II projects.
Retrofit and life cycle assessment: Sesc Paulista Building
Authors: Ferreira Rodrigo de Paula , Carranza Edite Galote
Published: December 2020

Through the ratification of Brazil in the Paris Agreement in 2015, targets were established for Sustainable Development (SD) in several areas, including Architecture and Urbanism. Brazil has committed itself among the Sustainable Development Goals (SD) to the search for Sustainable Cities and Communities in SD 11. In this context, the SESC Paulista building located on Paulista Avenue in São Paulo, underwent a retrofit intervention concomitant to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. In it was applied techniques, technologies, products and equipment, which together resulted in the reduction of environmental impacts for the new phase of life and use of the building. The objective of this work is to demonstrate what were the intervention strategies applied in the building and the achievement in relation to the reduction of negative environmental impacts. In this way, the article discusses how retrofitting carried out with the LCA can be alternatives to the built heritage of the metropolis, preventing buildings from falling into disuse, extending operational longevity and reducing negative impacts to the environment, contributing to the ODS of Agenda 2030.
Study of Thermal Properties of Lightweight Concrete: Review based on SCOPUS and SCIELO (2009-2019)
Authors: Lucas Claudio Nelson Mateus , Azambuja Maximiliano dos Anjos
Published: December 2020

This work presents part of the theoretical framework about the thermal properties of lightweight concrete.The cut of scientific production, in the period from 2009 to 2019, represented by scientific articles in the Scopus and Capes databases will be presented. This is a review of the main methodological tools used by the various authors to determine the thermal conductivity of lightweight concretes.Research shows, in general, different light aggregates for the production of concretes, such as: expanded clay, airgel, perlite, glass, polypropylene fiber, palm bark oil, expanded polystyrene and gum tragacanth. The main methods and techniques for the evaluation of thermal conductivity were: guarded hot plate method and hot wire parallel technique, among others. The results of thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete ranged from 0.04 W / (m.k) to 2.6 W / (m.k), and in all studies they were satisfactory demonstrating the technical feasibility of the production of lightweight concrete.
Quality assessment of Social Interest Housing in Latin America: a systematic review
Authors: Sutti Marcela Luana , Fontes Maria Solange Gurgel de Castro , Magagnin Renata Cardoso
Published: December 2020

Historically, Latin America has accumulated problematic issues regarding the quality of social housing, as it does not meet the minimum standards (requirement) of adequate housing listed by the United Nations. These problems are identified through non-compliance with certain parameters and quality indicators, therefore, there is a need for further research into the evaluation of housing quality. Based on this understanding, this paper presents a systematic review on how the quality of social housing has been assessed in Latin America. The “Systematic review method” was applied on the Scielo and CAPES periodic platforms, based on the selection of articles that fit the theme and (was) carried out in the stages of: scope definition, planning of search words, systematic research, screening of results, eligibility, and discussion of the results. The sample obtained consisted of 34 articles, within which, a concentration of publications centered on Southern Brazil and the presence of seven different thematic approaches, which indicated the multidisciplinarity of the subject, highlighting the method of ‘Post-Occupation Assessment’, in addition to gaps in scales-based assessment of housing and in the consideration of quality parameters classified as essential by UN-HABITAT (2015).
Peculiarities of Motor Fitness Structure of 9-Year-Old Girls
Authors: Khudolii Oleg , Golovnin Vladyslav , Bartík Pavol
Published: December 2020

Purpose. To determine the peculiarities of 9-year-old girls’ motor fitness structure.  Materials and methods. The study involved 35 9-year-old girls. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The level of fitness of the 9-year-old girls is homogeneous by the development of “agility” and “movement coordination”, inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, vestibular stability, and the level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises. A graphic representation of a two-factor model of testing results shows that the analysis identifies two sets of data with high correlation coefficients. The first set includes tests No. 12, 13, 14, and 7, which characterize the level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises and relative arm strength; the second – tests No. 1, 10, and 5, which characterize the level of movement coordination development. Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in exercises determines the variation of testing results by 28.394%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises shows that the exercises “Rope climbing in two steps”, “Rope climbing in three steps”, “One leg swing upward circle” are difficult for 9-year-old girls to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the development of “arm strength” and “vestibular stability” ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of their development level is the reserve in training girls aged 9 which will positively influence the formation of motor skills.
Motor Skills: Motor Fitness Structure of 9-Year-Old Boys
Authors: Petrov Dmytro , Khudolii Oleg , Cieślicka Mirosława
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study was to determine the place of motor skills in the motor fitness structure of 9-year-old boys.  Materials and methods. The study participants were 48 9-year-old boys. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: “Rope climbing in two steps”, “Rope climbing in three steps”, “One leg swing upward circle”. Results. The level of fitness of the 9-year-old boys is homogeneous by the development of “agility”, “movement coordination”, “speed strength”, and “endurance”; inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, vestibular stability, and the level of proficiency in rope climbing. The most informative indicators that determine the level of 9-year-old boys’ motor fitness are: No. 12 “Rope climbing in two steps, level of proficiency” (r = 0.960); No. 13 “Rope climbing in three steps, level of proficiency” (r = 0.960); No. 14 “One leg swing upward circle, level of proficiency” (r = 0.875); No. 10 “Maintenance of stable posture – standing on one leg with closed eyes, s” (r = 0.683). Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in the exercises determines the variation of testing results by 24.287%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The level of proficiency in rope climbing shows that the exercises are difficult for 9-year-old boys to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the comprehensive development of motor abilities ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of the level of development of 9-year-old boys’ arm flexors will positively influence the educational process effectiveness.
Organization of 6th-Grade Schoolchildren’s Physical Training Under Quarantine Conditions
Authors: Tsukanova Oksana
Published: December 2020

Study purpose. To determine the dynamics of 6th-grade schoolchildren’s motor fitness under quarantine conditions.

Materials and methods. The study participants were 6th graders of the Pisochyn Lyceum, Pisochyn village, of a specialized class with in-depth study of mathematics, boys aged 11–12 (n = 13). The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. To analyse the schoolchildren’s physical fitness under quarantine conditions, the study used methods of theoretical analysis, systematization, comparison, pedagogical observations, and generalization of data of scientific and methodological literature.

To organize the process of physical training of 6th-grade schoolchildren under quarantine conditions, the study used the Google Classroom educational platform with a notebook of physical self-education, posting of theoretical program material and monitoring of the pupils’ learning achievements through ZOOM conferences and test tasks.

Results. According to a set of tests, there are statistically significant changes in testing results of the 6th-grade boys. Thus, in test No. 1 “Pull-ups”, the results deteriorated by 11.7% (p = 0.027), in test No. 3 “Sit-ups in 1 min” – by 3.7% (p = 0.046), in test No. 4 “Standing long jump” – by 1.5% (p = 0.001), in test No. 5 “30 m running” – by 5.5% (p = 0.001), in test No. 6 “1,000 m running” – by 7.6% (p = 0.001), in test No. 7 “Seated forward bend” – by 13.8% (p = 0.02).

In test No. 2 “Push-ups”, the results deteriorated by 7.1%, the differences between mean values are statistically insignificant (p > 0.05).

Conclusions. The analysis of testing results revealed a negative influence of self-isolation on the dynamics of motor fitness of the 6th-grade boys. Distance physical education is not effective, it can only be used as one of the methods of the educational process.
Gender-Related Peculiarities of Motor Fitness of 8-Year-Old Schoolchildren
Authors: Iermakov Sergii , Ivashchenko Olha , Khomiakov Oleksandr
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study was to identify gender-related peculiarities of motor fitness of 8-year-old schoolchildren.

Materials and methods. The study participants were 82 8-year-old schoolchildren (girls – 40, boys – 42). The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: shoulderstand, bridge from supine position, one leg swing upward circle.

Results. In the girls and boys, the differences in the development level of movement coordination of individual parts of the body and vestibular stability are not statistically significant. The 8-year-old boys have a statistically significantly higher level of development of strength, speed strength, speed, endurance and a higher level of proficiency in acrobatic and gymnastic exercises than girls.

Conclusions. A canonical discriminant function can be used to classify the gender-related peculiarities of motor fitness of 8-year-old schoolchildren. A discriminant analysis revealed the indicators that have the greatest weight in assessing the gender-related peculiarities of motor fitness of 8-year-old schoolchildren. They include the level of relative strength of shoulder flexors, speed strength, endurance, and the level of proficiency in shoulderstand.
Financial Markets: From the “Tragedy of Commons” to Balanced Regulation
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Podrugina Anastasia , Tabakh Anton ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: December 2020

Nowadays the global financial system faces a triple challenge: the threat of a new systemic financial crisis at both global and regional levels; difficulties of constant adaptation of existing financial business and regulatory practices to intensive technological innovations; direct and hidden consequences of excessive political influence on the financial system through sanctions and selectively applied practices for sanction purposes. Improving the quality of financial regulation will require deeper cooperation between regulators of leading economies and a proactive position of the financial industry, as well as the decentralization of financial regulation. However, it is unlikely that this will happen at the global level. Financial stability became a key goal of global financial regulation in the post-crisis period. We consider financial stability as the «tragedy of commons». The article describes the main trends of financial markets regulation after the crisis: transformation of global financial architecture, anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing practices (AML/ CT), financial sanctions. The article analyzes the existing failures of modern post-crisis financial regulation: credit crunch, reduction in the effectiveness of monetary policy, regulatory arbitrage, and increased compliance costs (AML/CT legislation, tax legislation, and the sanctions regime). In the future we expect simultaneous trends of harmonization and standardization of requirements in traditional sectors of financial markets (including traditional institutions of the shadow banking sector), but at the same time regulatory arbitrage1 will induce new financial technologies in order to reduce regulatory costs. The crisis triggered by the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 despite its non-financial nature will almost inevitably have a major impact on financial markets and their regulation. Possible steps to eliminate failures in the financial regulation system are proposed, including recommendations for international organizations.
Soviet in Form, National in Content: Central Asian Migrants in the Cultural Infrastructure of Moscow
Authors: Симон Марк
Published: December 2020

Unlike the leisure practices of migrants from Central Asia in large Russian cities, which recently came to the attention of researchers, the presence of this population in the urban cultural infrastructure has hardly been studied so far. This research, based on in-depth interviews with members of community-based organizations and artistic groups established by people from Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, as well as observation of their activities at various cultural venues in Moscow, discusses the peculiarities of post-Soviet diversity management. In this article I am making two main points: (i) The self-presentations of people of Central Asian origin on various public platforms in Moscow largely involve performing the role of ambassadors of a homogenous 'national culture'. Such a form of cultural behaviour, inherited from Soviet past, allows the participants of corresponding events to achieve guaranteed recognition from both the host site and their compatriots. It legitimizes their presence in the public sphere as agents of the 'dialogue of cultures,' since it fits the dominant discourse of ethnic diversity in Russia. Thus, for the majority of informants, culture turns out to be a kind of 'safe space,' cleansed of the daily troubles associated with labour migration; (ii) it may seem that this kind of self-expression for migrants is determined by social powers: whether the latter are officials, responsible for national policy in Moscow, embassies of Central Asian republics, or public organizations calling themselves 'diasporas'. But with a deeper study of the issue, it turns out that the aforementioned scenarios of self-presentation are still playable without direct influence from the authorities. The explanation is that Central Asian migrants voluntarily accept this representation that is Soviet in form and national in content as far as it makes it possible to symbolically overcome the marginalization that they face.
Visual Representation of the Modern Domestic Space in Iranian Printed Media (1925-1979)
Authors: GOLABİ Maryam
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates the visual representation of the modern domestic space in printed media, particularly, women’s interest publications during the Pahlavi period in Iran. The aim of the study is to understand how the notion of ‘being modern’ regarding the domestic space was explained and visualized in printed media. In other words, the main concern of this study is to explore the concepts that were mostly taken into account in the formation of the modern domestic space in Iranian publications. Therefore, publications targeted at women in the Pahlavi period were scrutinized as the study medium to display both ideas and representations around the domestic space. In these publications, visual tools including photographs, sketches, and advertisements along with texts were rigorously analyzed. The findings of the research highlighted that the ideas in terms of the modern domestic space were very similar to the notions on the modern woman. In order to bring a modern identity to the woman and the domestic space, the abandonment of traditional principles and codes were considered as the initial and necessary step. Consequently, modern concepts including women’s education, health, unveiling, and beautiful appearance were introduced in parallel with the concepts of functional, hygienic, visible, and pleasant domestic space in mass media.
Attentional function in fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis v1
Authors: M Galvez-Sanchez Carmen , de la Coba Pablo , M. Colmenero José , A. Reyes del Paso Gustavo , Duschek Stefan
Published: December 2020

Concentration difficulties, forgetfulness and mental slownessare common in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS); initial findings suggest that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may also be accompanied by cognitive impairments. This study aimed to compare attentional performance between patients with FMS and RA. Attention was quantified in the domains of alerting, orienting and executive control using the Attentional Network Test – Interaction (ANT-I) in 56 women with FMS, 41 women with RA and 50 healthy women. Pain severity was statistically controlled in the group comparison. While FMS patients exhibited longer reaction times and made more errors on the ANT-I than RA patients and healthy women, performance did not differ between RA patients and healthy women. The magnitude of group differences did not vary by the experimental conditions of the ANT-I, suggesting a general attentional deficit in FMS rather than specific impairments in the domains of alerting, orienting and executive control. Differences between patient groups may relate to the different pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the disorders, i.e. inflammatory processes in RA and central nervous sensitization in FMS. In FMS, heightened activity in the pain neuromatrix may interfere with attention, because it requires enhanced neural resources in brain areas that are involved in both pain and attentional processing.
Acil Uzaktan Eğitimde Bütüncül Sistemler: Microsoft Teams Örneği
Authors: ÇANKAYA Serkan , DURAK Gürhan
Published: December 2020

2019-2020 öğretim yılı bahar döneminde tüm dünyada etkisini gösteren Covid-19 pandemisi nedeniyle okullar uzaktan eğitime geçmiştir. Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK), ilk olarak üniversitelerin 16 Mart 2020 tarihinde 3 hafta tatil edildiğini duyurmuştur. Daha sonra üniversitelere derslerin uzaktan eğitim ile verilmesi yönünde talimat vermiş ve 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde örgün eğitim yapılmayacağını belirtmiştir. YÖK’ün almış olduğu kararlara göre, üniversitelerin 23 Mart 2020 tarihi itibari ile kapasiteleri ölçüsünde uzaktan eğitime başlamaları gerektiği belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca 2020-2021 öğretim yılı güz döneminde de üniversiteler, çok büyük bir oranda eğitim faaliyetlerini uzaktan eğitim ile devam ettireceklerini belirtmişlerdir. YÖK Başkanı Saraç tarafından yapılan açıklamada üniversitelerin eş zamanlı ya da eş zamanlı olmayan uzaktan öğretim yöntemlerini kullanabilecekleri belirtilmiş ve öğrencilerle etkileşimin üst düzeyde olduğu eş zamanlı yöntemlerin kullanımı tavsiye edilmiştir. Eş zamanlı uzaktan eğitim için ise video konferans/sanal sınıf/canlı ders yazılımlarından yararlanılmaktadır. Bu süreçte sanal sınıf uygulamalarının kullanımları son derece büyük bir artış göstermiştir. Microsoft Teams’de bu süreçte yaygın olarak kullanılan yazılımlardan biri olmuştur. Microsoft Teams, sohbet tabanlı bir grup çalışması platformudur. Ana odağı ekip sohbetleri, özel iletiler, aramalar, toplantılar gibi sohbet içerikli çalışma alanlarıdır. Özellikle şirketler için üretilen Microsoft Teams yazılımı daha sonra eklenen Sınıf oluşturma ve çeşitli öğrenme yönetim sistemi araçları ile uzaktan eğitim amacı ile rahatlıkla kullanılabilecek bir platformdur. Bu çalışma kapsamında uzaktan eğitimde bütüncül sistemler ve Microsoft Teams yazılımı detaylı olarak incelenmektedir.
Effect of Isothermal Aging and Copper Substrate Roughness on the SAC305 Solder Joint Intermetallic Layer Growth of High Temperature Storage (HTS)
Authors: Ab Rahim Rabiah Al Adawiyah , Zulkifli Muhammad Nubli , Jalar Azman , Mohd Afdzaluddin Atiqah , Kim Siow Shyong
Published: December 2020

This study aims to evaluate the effect of copper (Cu) substrate surface roughness on the intermetallic compound (IMC) growth and interfacial reaction of SAC305 lead-free solder joint after undergone an aging process. Aging process was conducted using high temperature storage (HTS) at temperature of 150 °C and aging times of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 h. IMC morphology and growth were examined using infinite focus microscope (IFM). Then, the SAC305 solder joint IMC growth kinetic was measured based on power law relationship and diffusion coefficient formula. It was noted that the morphology of IMC for the rougher Cu substrate has scallop-shaped and uniform layer as compared to that of smoother Cu substrate for the initial exposure to the HTS. In addition, Cu substrate with Ra of 579 nm is the turning point for the creation of Cu6Sn5 towards more Cu3Sn of IMC. In addition, Cu substrate with Ra of 579 nm also acts as the turning point for the IMC growth of SAC305 solder joint on Cu substrate for the solid-state diffusion to be happened during 150 °C of aging from grain boundary dominant toward volume diffusion dominant.
Güç Asimetrisi Çerçevesinde Filistin’deki Bölünmüşlüğün İsrail ile Çözümsüzlüğe Etkisi
Authors: Esen Barış
Published: December 2020

Filistin’de bölünmüşlük kavramı ile kastedilen Filistin toplumunun ve siyasetinin temelde El Fetih ve Hamas olarak iki farklı örgüt tarafından temsil edildiği yapıdır. Bu bölünmüşlük coğrafi, sosyolojik, ekonomik ve siyasi olarak ayrışmayı ifade eder. Filistin toplumu İsrail işgali ile birbirinden koparılmış ve parçalara ayrılmıştır. Coğrafi bölünme sosyolojik ve ekonomik farklılıklara yol açmıştır. Filistin’deki bu bölünme silahlı iç çatışmaya dahi dönüşmüştür. Bu durum İsrail’e karşı askerî, diplomatik ve siyasi mücadeleyi zayıflatmıştır. İsrail-Filistin sorununa ilişkin çözüm arayışları ile Filistin içi barışın ve birliğin sağlanması birbirinden bağımsız değildir. Filistin ancak birlik halinde olursa İsrail ile güç farkını kapatma noktasında yol alabilir.
Askerî Karar Verme Sürecinin Taktik ve Operatif Seviyede Etkinliği ve Eğitim İhtiyacı
Authors: Pehlivan Oğuzhan , Öz Tolga
Published: December 2020

Bu makalenin amacı; Askerî Karar Verme Süreci (AKVES)’nin taktik ve operatif seviyedeki yeterliliğinin karşılanma durumunu irdelemek, gelişim ihtiyacını ortaya koymak ve buna yönelik eğitim planlamasını yapmaktır. Makalenin önemi ise, geleceğin dinamik ve karmaşık ortamında, değişken bir tempoda harekât görevleri icra etmek zorunda kalacak olan komutanların karar verme süreçlerindeki eksikliklerin ortaya konulmasıdır. Makalede bilgi/belge tarama ve karşılaştırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle literatürdeki karar verme modelleri incelenmiş ve AKVES’in farklı seviyelerdeki uygulamasının, bu modeller doğrultusunda karşılaştırılması yapılarak, operatif seviyede vazife tahlili aşamasındaki risk, ağırlık merkezi ve kritik faktör analizlerinde kullanılmak üzere yeni bir analiz modeli ortaya konulmuştur. Mevcut AKVES’in bu ortamda karar vermeyi sağlayacak şekilde güncellenmesi gerektiği, normatif ve betimsel yerine sezgisel zekâyı da barındıran doğal karar verme modeline geçilmesinin uygun olacağı değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca inşa edilen karar verme modelinde sezgisel zekânın evrilmesine katkıda bulunan stratejik kültürün de eklemlendirilmesi gerektiği kıymetlendirilmiştir. Tespit edilen eksiklikler doğrultusunda kapsama alınmasının uygun olacağı öngörülenler sıralandıktan sonra bu sürecin eğitim aşamasında geleceğin komutanlarına nasıl aktarılması ile ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
BRICS-T ÜLKELERİNDE BORSA ENDEKSİ İLE PİYASA OYNAKLIK-KORKU ENDEKSİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ İLE TEST EDİLMESİ
Authors: Bayrakdaroğlu Ali , Türkün Kaya Bilge
Published: December 2020

Sermaye piyasalarındaki yatırım atmosferinin önde gelen göstergelerinden biri olan volatilite gelişmekte olan ülke piyasalarını önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Türkiye son yıllarda gösterdiği performans ile küresel ekonomiye yön veren gelişmekte olan ülkelerden oluşturulan BRICS grubuna aday olarak gösterilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, uluslararası volatilite göstergesi olarak kabul edilen korku endeksinin BRICS ülkeleri ve Türkiye hisse senedi piyasaları üzerinde yaratacağı etkinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda; korku endeksi, döviz kuru, tüketici güven endeksi ve özgürlük endeksinin kompozit hisse senedi endeksi üzerindeki etkisi panel veri analizi yöntemleri ile incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, borsa endeksi üzerinde korku endeksi ve döviz kurunun negatif, özgürlük endeksinin ise pozitif etkisi bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Tüketici güven endeksi ile borsa endeksi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilememiştir.
A New Approach to Bivariate Transmutation: Construction of Continuous Bivariate Distribution Under Negative Dependency
Authors: ÜNÖZKAN Hüseyin , YILMAZ Mehmet
Published: December 2020

In this study, a new approach to transmutation theory is developed by using negative dependency basement. Once choosing a distribution that has negative dependency with the same marginal, a new bivariate distribution is derived. In this study, we examined a new transmutation technique in which a negative dependency offers a big success in modeling rather than most known and used statistical distributions. This approach clash with classical transmutation methods. In this study at the beginning, the classical transmutation is defined. Later, we introduce the new technique and obtain lower and upper bounds of distribution to show that this approach gives us a distribution. Gaining new bivariate continuous distributions with this technique may be more appropriate in theory, and modeling of some data sets in terms of this approach may be more efficient.
Abilities of ındigenous microorganisms to utilise herbicides for growth and as carbon source ın-vitro
Authors: SEBİOMO Adewole , BANJO Folake
Published: December 2020

This study determined the abilities of indigenous microorganisms to utilise atrazine, xtravest, gramoxone and glyphosate as carbon source and for growth, which is a prerequisite for biodegradation and bioremediation of this herbicides in the soil. Soil treatments were carried out using the complete randomized block design for a period of 8 weeks; at company recommended rates of 4 l/h (at 350 ml in 15 l sprayer), soil treatments were carried out in triplicates. Isolation of microorganisms was done using the spread plate method on the solid mineral salts medium with each herbicide added to separate plates. The plates were incubated at 30°C for 5 days for bacteria and at 30oC for 7days for fungi. The ability of microbial isolates to utilise herbicide substrates in pure cultures were determined in minimal salt medium. B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, P. florescences, P. putida, Aspergillus niger, A. tamarii, Fusarium oxysporum, and P. chrysogenum were isolated in all the herbicide treated soils. Bacillus subtilis recorded the highest optical density value of 1.401 on the 25th day and viable count value of 9.08 (1.21×109 cfu/ml) on the 20th day during growth on glyphosate. F. oxysporum recorded the lowest pH of 4 in gramoxone on the 25th day of incubation and the highest count of 6.10×104 cfu/g on the 20th day during atrazine utilisation. B. subtilis, A. niger and F. oxysporum showed the best abilities to utilise the herbicides for growth and as carbon source. Indigenous microorganisms used in this study successfully utilised the herbicides as carbon source and for growth. Indigenous microorganisms could be employed in the bioremediation of herbicide polluted soils. The ultimate success of bioremediation is dependent on microorganisms staying in close physical contact with substance to be degraded.
Monetary Policy and Inequality
Authors:   The University of Georgia, Rakviashvili Alexander A.
Published: December 2020

The article provides a literature review of studies of the impact of monetary policy on income and wealth inequality. Based on the analysis and systematization of the articles mainly written over the past 25–30 years as well as articles written by central bank authorities, the main approaches to assessing the extent to which the Fed's actions are responsible for the growth of wealth inequality in the United States, which began in the 1970s, are identified. It was revealed that the relative unanimity of economists on this issue was replaced by significant pluralism of opinions after the crisis of 2007–2009. Among other reasons this was caused by the activity of central banks and their use of non-conventional approaches in conducting the monetary policy. In addition, the channels through which the actions of central banks affect the distribution of wealth in the economy are identified. In total, five such channels were singled out. Thus, changes in the monetary policy affect the debt market and the structure of assets and liabilities of households, while households with fixed incomes and with a high propensity to use cash are more likely to suffer losses during the expansionary monetary policy. And the fifth channel, which is less popular among the economists, the "Cantillon effect", leads to an increase in the wealth of the first recipients of the issued money at the expense of those who are farthest from the center of emission. The article provides empirical evidence of why this effect is significant for the American economy, and theoretical arguments indicating that taking the Cantillon effect into account can add certainty to studies of both monetary policy costs and institutional changes caused by rising inequality.
The Limits of Capitalism: the Rent-Seeking Society as a Global Alternative
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), Martianov Victor S.
Published: December 2020

The natural limits of capitalism are expressed not only in the global suspension of economic growth, which has been considered endless. It is also a crisis of its non-economic legitimization, of those political forms that have made possible smoothing of inequality generated by capitalism. The nation-state, the model of social state and representative democracy were the mechanisms of access for the most citizens to the fruits of the economic growth generated by capitalism. However, the growth limits of available public resources did not significantly change the strategies of political and economic elites. Attempts to redistribute the non-growing public pie were expressed in neoliberal rhetoric; devaluation of the political nation model as co-citizenship; reduction of forms of social policy; the crisis of democracy, expressed in a return to its narrow interpretation as Schumpeterian competition of the elites. The tendencies related to the fact that the elites would like to keep receiving an additional piece of the public pie at the expense of the majority, reinforce inequality and deprive capitalism of convincing value-institutional regulation that have earlier ensured its stable existence. There is a growing demand in society for return to a more egalitarian model of the distribution of public resources. Its options are less and less associated with capitalism as a society dominated by market metaphor that ideologically represents modernity, but for many reasons has ceased to provide acceptable prospects for the majority. It seems that rental society is becoming an alternative to capitalism without economic growth and with a shrinking labor market. In the rental society, the key mechanisms of stratification and access to resources are again moving from the market to the nation-state, non-market types of public exchanges are strengthening, and social policy is striving for a model of basic unconditional income. The room for social construction is reduced to local utopias and virtues of various minorities, while populism becomes the dominant form of political discourse, which instead of decaying economic classes turns to the majority and is compatible with both the right and the left political value systems.
Joseph Schumpeter’s Credit View of Money: a Contribution to a “Monetary Analysis” of Capitalism
Authors:   CRIISEA, Pôle Universitaire Cathédrale, University of Picardie – Jules Verne, Lakomski-Laguerre Odile
Published: December 2020

This paper highlights Joseph Schumpeter’s monetary thought, which appears to be neglected, compared to his theory of innovation and entrepreneurship. In particular, the author addresses his completely unknown writing “Das Wesen des Geldes” focused on the topic of money. This book uncovers the “essence” and the logic of money and credit that stem from Schumpeter’s experience as the finance minister and the president of a private bank. Relying on this experience, Schumpeter rediscovers and deepens the credit theory of money, which interprets the money as an institution and a social accounting system, with the banking system seen as the central agency of capitalism. “Das Wesen des Geldes” is particularly interesting, since it is the outcome of Schumpeter’s elaborations within the framework of the German Historical (Ethical) School headed by Gustav Schmoller. This was followed by his moving to the United States, and his views reversed to support the neoclassical framework in line with Marshall – Taussig canon. The fact that “Das Wesen des Geldes” was not published posthumously until 40 years after it was written, shows the coercive power of the rules within the communities of academic economists.
Institutional Factors Influencing Political Trust in Modern Russia
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Malkina Marina Yu. , Ovchinnikov Vyacheslav N. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Financial Research Institute of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Kholodilin Konstantin A. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod,   National Research University Higher School of Economics,   Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to analyze and assess the impact of institutional factors on political trust in various levels of government (federal, regional and local) in modern Russia. Data and methods. The study is based on microdata from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) “Life in Transition Survey” (LiTS). We examined such institutional factors of political trust as perceived government performance and level of corruption, as well as the level of interpersonal trust. The subjective decile of household wealth was an additional explanatory variable in our analysis. We estimated the model parameters using linear regressions with instrumental variables. Results and their application. First, we found that in 2016 the perceived effectiveness of the federal government was the main determinant of Russian trust in the president. At the same time, the perceived level of local corruption was a major factor of Russian citizens’ (mis)trust in local authorities. Second, we found that poor households turned out to be the most loyal groups of the population towards the Russian president, and we explained this phenomenon by the active redistributive policy of the federal authorities. Third, we revealed a significant positive relationship between political and interpersonal trust at the micro level. In conclusion, we made recommendations on the effective management of political trust in modern Russia.
The ”Tripled Failure” of Institutional Design of Higher Education Reform in Russia
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Kurbatova Margarita V. , Levin Sergey N. ,   Kemerovo State University, Sablin Kirill S. ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: December 2020

Reasons and consequences of "tripled failure" in the sphere of the Russian higher education reforming are revealed in the article. These multiplying negative effects are results of designers and ordering group activity in the frame of exclusive «club». Narrow «liberal» expert community, including a group of elite universities and research centers, as a designer is in this exclusive «club». Russian state is the group that orders projects of reforming and represented with two interconnected subjects, i.e. ruling group and politicized administrators of "scientific and educational departments". Primary failure is highlighted in the choice of institutional projects those did not lead to increasing the quality of higher education during its implementation in the EU countries and the USA. The problems were not identified that linked to the fact that implemented tools of new public management were basically unable to assess the social effectiveness of higher education. This is due to the specifics of goods produced in this system. These goods are credible and they create a wide range of positive externalities. Secondary failure lies in the declarative nature of priority to increase social efficiency of higher education in Russia. This fact means that implementation of reform projects does not lead to the achievement of the declared outcomes linked with improving the quality of higher education, meeting the needs of the national economy in human capital, and opportunities for development of society. In practice, implemented formal institutions dramatically reinforce the differentiation of social and economic development of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. This is not an unintended consequence of the reformers actions, but the result of their real orientation towards the goals of private efficiency. Tertiary failure is due to the fact that designers and ordering group launched the process of “self-destruction” of higher education and science system in the long-term period pursuing their short-term private interests. The “enclave of wealth” that has been formed in this sphere absorbs the country's resources undermining the capabilities of its own development and even survival in the long-term period.
Employment Insecurity and Behavioral Preferences of University Graduates
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Volchik Vyacheslav V. , Maslyukova Elena V. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with the employment insecurity in the context of labor market dysfunction and changing institutional structure of the economy. We consider the actorsʼ behavior in the labor market as affected by the institutional factors. Employment insecurity and associated precarity processes are essenstial for young people entering the labor market. Qualitative methodology allowed us to identify the behavioral preferences of the informants through the in-depth interviews. We have conducted and analyzed 17 in-depth interviews with the university graduates. The research findings showed that the graduates are generally aware of the problems associated with unstable employment in the Russian labor market. They are relatively loyal to informal employment during university studies and for the initial few years after graduation. We focus on the graduates’ perception of the precarization processes in the context of the labor marketʼs structural opportunities. The gap between educational and economic policies and the emergence of institutions that create sustainable rules for the professional and personal development of the employees is an important cause of youth unemployment. The behavioral strategies of university graduates are associated with three main groups of factors: the existing institutional constraints on the labor market, adaptation to the demand structure in the region (city) in its competence area, and the level of competence of the graduate and his/her self-assessment of these competencies and their relevance to employersʼ modern requirements. The challenges of precarious employment are addressed by graduates in the context of competition and the need to improve their skills.
Investigation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rubbers Reinforced by Carbon Nanostructured Components
Authors: Shilov М. А. , Fomin S. V. , Britova A. A. , Korolev P. V.
Published: December 2020

The work presents investigation results of physical and mechanical properties of rubber mixtures based on SKI-3 and SKS-30-ARKM-15 rubbers reinforced with hybrid filler carbon black/carbon nanotubes (CB/CNT). Elasticity, hardness and strength were measured according to standard procedures presented in GOST. The content of the carbon nanotubes in rubber mixtures was 0,5 wt. %. parts per 100 wt. parts of rubber. According to experiments, it was found that the introduction of CB/CNT masterbatches into the structure of both investigated rubbers reduces their elasticity and increases Shore A hardness. During uniaxial tension of the tested rubbers, it was found that the presence of the nanostructured CB/CNT filler in the rubber structure leads to an increase in the nominal strength for SKI-3-based rubber by 19,6 %, and on SKS-30-ARKM-15 by 22,5 %. Therefore, the use of CB/CNT nanostructures as a rubber filler is a promising method of improving rubber performance characteristics.