bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers for COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol
Authors: Meza Nicolás , Pérez-Bracchiglione Javier , Pérez Ignacio , Carvajal Cristhian , Olguín Pablo , Rada Gabriel , Madrid Eva
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE: This living systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous and continuously updated summary of the evidence available on the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. DESIGN: This is the protocol of a living systematic review. DATA SOURCES: We will conduct searches in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), grey literature and in a centralised repository in L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). L·OVE is a platform that maps PICO questions to evidence from Epistemonikos database. In response to the COVID-19 emergency, L·OVE was adapted to expand the range of evidence it covers and customised to group all COVID-19 evidence in one place. The search will cover the period until the day before submission to a journal. ELEGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES AND METHODS: We adapted an already published common protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews to the specificities of this question. We will include randomised trials evaluating the effect of either suspension or indication of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, as monotherapy, or in combination , versus placebo or no treatment, in patients with COVID-19. Randomised trials evaluating angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers in infections caused by other coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomised studies in COVID-19 will be searched in case we find no direct evidence from randomised trials, or if the direct evidence provides low- or very low-certainty for critical outcomes. Two reviewers will independently screen each study for eligibility, extract data, and assess the risk of bias. We will pool the results using meta-analysis and will apply the GRADE system to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will resubmit it every time the conclusions change or whenever there are substantial updates. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: No ethics approval is considered necessary. The results of this review will be widely disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, social networks and traditional media. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020182495
Proof of Fermat's Last Theorem By Infinite Descent
Authors: Himane Djamel
Published: June 2020

Fermat's last theorem, one of the most challenging theories in the history of mathematics, has been conjectured by French lawyer Pierre de Verma in 1637. Since then, it wasconsidered the most difficult and unsolvable mathematical problem. However, more than three centuries later, a first proof was proposed by the British mathematician Andrew Wiles in 1994, relying on 20th-century techniques. Wiles's proof is based on elliptic (oval) curves that were not available at the time when the theory was first proposed. Most mathematicians argued that it was impossible to prove Fermat's theorem according to basic principles of arithmetic, though Harvey Friedman's grand conjecture states that mathematical theorems, including Fermat's Last Theorem, can be solved in very weak systems such as the Elementary Function Arithmetic (EFA). Friedman's grand conjecture states that "every theorem published in the journal, Annals of Mathematics, whose statement involves only finitary mathematical objects (i.e., what logicians call an arithmetical statement) can be proved in EFA, which is the weak fragment of Peano Arithmetic based on the usual quantifier free axioms for 0,1,+,x, exp, together with thescheme of induction for all formulas in the language all of whose quantifiers are bounded." *
Don’t Unleash the Privateers!: Privateering is NOT Legal under Contemporary International Law
Authors: Xiao Leon Y.
Published: June 2020

Published version with editorial changes: https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2020/july/comment-discussion. A Letter to the Editor arguing that privateering is not legal under contemporary international law, in response to Cancian and Schwartz’s article ‘Unleash the Privateers!’ and Schwartz’s article ‘U.S. Privateering Is Legal,’ both published by the Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute in April 2020.
Coping behaviors and psychological disturbances in youth affected by the COVID-19 health crisis
Authors: Orgilés Mireia , Morales Alexandra , Delvecchio Elisa , Francisco Rita , Mazzeschi Claudia , Pedro Marta , Espada José Pedro
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 epidemic and the quarantine that children in many countries have had to undergo is a stressful situation about which little is known so far. The coping behaviors carried out by children and adolescents to face home confinement can be associated with their emotional welfare. The objectives of this study were: 1) to examine the coping strategies carried out by children and adolescents during the COVID-19 health crisis, 2) to analyze the differences in these behaviors in three countries, and 3) to examine the relationship between different modalities of coping and better adaptation. Participants were 1,480 parents of children aged 3-18 years from three European countries (n Spain = 431, n Italy = 712, and n Portugal = 355). The children’s mean age was 9.15 years (SD = 4.27). Parents completed an online survey providing information on symptoms and coping behaviors observed in their children. The most frequent coping strategies were accepting what is going on (58.9%), collaborating with quarantine social activities (e.g., drawings on the windows, supportive applauses) (35.9%), acting as if nothing is happening (35.5%), highlighting pros of being at home (35.1%), and not seeming worried about what is happening (30.1%). Compared to Italian and Spanish children, Portuguese children used a sense of humor more frequently when parents talked about the situation. Acting as if nothing happened, collaborating with social activities, and seeking comfort from others was more likely in Spanish children than in children from the other countries. Compared to Portuguese and Spanish children, those from Italy seem not worried about what was happening. Overall, an emotional-oriented coping style was directly correlated with a greater presence of anxious symptoms, as well as mood, sleep, behavioral, and cognitive alterations. Task-oriented and avoidance-oriented styles were related to better psychological adaptation, measured as the low presence of psychological symptoms. Results also show that unaffected children or children with a lower level of impact were more likely to use strategies based on a positive focus on the situation. This study provides interesting data on the strategies to be promoted by parents to cope with the COVID-19 health crisis in children.
Time changes: Temporal contexts support event segmentation in associative memory
Authors: van de Ven Vincent , Jaeckels Moritz , De Weerd Peter
Published: June 2020

We tend to mentally segment a series of events according to perceptual contextual changes, such that items from a shared context are more strongly associated in memory than items from different contexts. It is also known that temporal context provides a scaffold to structure experiences in memory, but its role in event segmentation has not been investigated. We adapted a previous paradigm, which was used to investigate event segmentation using visual contexts, to study the effects of changes in temporal contexts on event segmentation in associative memory. We presented lists of items in which the inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) ranged across lists between 0.5 and 4 s in 0.5 s steps. After each set of six lists, participants judged which one of two test items were shown first (temporal order judgment) for items that were either drawn from the same list or from consecutive lists. Further, participants judged from memory whether the ISI associated to an item lasted longer than a standard interval (2.25s) that was not previously shown. Results showed faster responses for temporal order judgments when items were drawn from the same context, as opposed to items drawn from different contexts. Further, we found that participants were well able to provide temporal duration judgments based on recalled durations. Finally, we found temporal acuity, as estimated by psychometric curve fitting parameters of the recalled durations, correlated inversely with within-list temporal order judgments. These findings show that changes in temporal context support event segmentation in associative memory.
Interdependence and cooperation in daily life
Authors: Columbus Simon , Molho Catherine , Righetti Francesca , Balliet Daniel
Published: June 2020

Philosophers and scientists have long debated the nature of human social interactions and the prevalence of mutual dependence, conflict of interests, and power asymmetry in social situations. Yet, there is surprisingly little empirical work documenting the patterns of interdependence that people experience in daily life. We use experience sampling to study how people think about three dimensions of interdependence in daily life and how these dimensions relate to cooperation. In Study 1, 139 romantic couples (n = 278) reported on situations experienced with their partner (k = 6,766); in Study 2, individuals (n = 284) reported on situations experienced with any other person (k = 7,248), over the course of one week. Across both samples, we found that most social interactions were perceived as containing moderate mutual dependence, equal power, and corresponding interests. When couples reported on the same situation (Study 1), they largely agreed on their experienced interdependence and cooperation, suggesting that their reports reflect an underlying shared reality. In daily interactions across both samples, higher mutual dependence and lower conflict of interests were associated with more cooperation, whereas relative power was not directly related to cooperation. These associations replicated in laboratory experiments (Study 2). In daily life, high mutual dependence and high relative power exacerbated the negative relation between conflict of interests and cooperation. Finally, prevalent patterns of interdependence and the experience of specific interdependent situations affected multiple relationship outcomes. Our findings stress the importance of studying a diverse array of interdependent situations—and especially situations with corresponding interests—to better understand cooperation in daily life.
From a molar to a molecular approach to the developmental trajectory of syntax comprehension by persons with intellectual disability
Authors: Facon Bruno
Published: June 2020

The aim was to investigate whether a progressive dissociation between the cognitive level and syntax comprehension occurs during the development of persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). Two cross-sectional developmental trajectory analyses were successively conducted. Study 1 comprised 615 typically developing participants and 615 participants with ID. Their total scores on a syntax comprehension test were regressed on a nonverbal cognitive measure and the slopes of the two groups’ regression lines were compared. In Study 2, logistic regression curves of the two groups for each of the 92 test items were compared. Results showed only negligible between-groups differences of developmental trajectories, whatever the level of analysis. The idea of a progressive dissociation between cognitive level and receptive syntactic skills of people with ID is not confirmed. However, a syntax test evaluating more complex sentences than those used in this study might show such a dissociation.
Slower adaptation of control strategies in individuals with high impulsive tendencies
Authors: Grisetto Fanny , Delevoye-Turrell Yvonne N. , Roger Clémence
Published: June 2020

Flexible use of reactive and proactive control mechanisms according to environmental demands is the key to adaptive behaviors. In this study, forty-eight adults performed ten blocks of an AX-CPT task to reveal the strength of proactive control mechanisms by the calculation of the proactive behavioral index (PBI). They also fulfilled the UPPS questionnaire to assess their impulsiveness. The median-split method based upon the UPPS score distribution was used to categorize participants as having high (HI) or low (LI) impulsiveness traits. The analyses revealed that the PBI was smaller in the HI group compared to the LI group. Moreover, the PBI increased over blocks, but more slowly in the HI group than in the LI group. Overall, the current study demonstrates that (1) impulsiveness is associated with less dominant proactive control due to (2) a stronger reliance on reactive processes across blocks despite task demands.
Risk framing and business model adaptation: A conceptualization based on threat-rigidity theory
Authors: Aarøen Camilla , Selart Marcus
Published: June 2020

Firm leaders’ inclination to adapt their business model is sensitive to how risk is framed (as an external threat or an opportunity) in the macro-economic environment. We apply threat-rigidity theory to examine the relationship between risk framing and business model adaptation. We also investigate if emotionality has explanatory value for how managers adapt to business models. We test our hypotheses in a field experiment involving 134 Scandinavian managers. Here, we relate managers’ inclinations to adapt to different business models to different risk scenarios. The results reveal that, in general, managers are more risk seeking in gain scenarios than in loss scenarios. This finding is in line with the threat-rigidity theory. Emotionality was found to relate more to risk aversion than to risk seeking in the domain of potential gain. We argue that emotionality has explanatory value for how managers adapt to business models, because emotions are key influences on risk perception.
Caudal Epidural Steroid Injection under Fluoroscopy in Management of Chronic Low Back Pain with or without Radiculopathy
Authors: Bhattarai Rupak , Paudel Bandana , Subba Sangeeta , Pyakurel Kumud , K. C. Bijay , Kumar Shubham
Published: June 2020

Background: Low back pain with or without radiculopathy is most common presentations of chronic pain. Caudal epidural steroid injection is one of the treatment modalities of this type of pain syndromes.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 100 patient who presented in our pain clinic. These patients were given caudal epidural steroid injections under fluoroscopy guidance with 60 mg depo-methylprednisolone added to 0.5% lignocaine making a volume of 10 ml. All these patients were asked to follow up at pain clinic at 1 month, 3 months & 6 months to assess the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Oswestry disability index (ODI), Straight leg Raise test (SLRT) & Patient satisfaction scale.

Results: There was significant reduction in VAS score in one month, three months and six months follow up after caudal epidural steroid injection. The 50% reduction in pain was seen in 72 patients, 69 patients and 62 patients in one month, three months and six months respectively. The mean VAS score were 7.84 before pre-injection, 4.32 at one hour, 4.06 at one month, 4.18 at 3 months and 4.64 at 6 months after the procedure.The mean ODI were 35.16 before pre-injection, 32.12 at one hour, 28.14 at one month, 28.57 at 3 months and 28.68 at 6 months after the procedure.

Conclusion: Caudal epidural steroid injections causes significant relief in pain symptoms of backache with or without radiculopathy and increases the quality of life.
Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease on Liver Enzymes Activity During Pre and Post Hemodialysis
Authors: Jha Sanjay Kumar , Yadav Naval Kishor , Pokharel Daya Ram
Published: June 2020

Background: Worldwide chronic kidney disease is one of the primary public health problems. This study aimed to find the activity of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and Gamma-glutamyl transferase in the patient's serum before and after dialysis in Chronic kidney disease.

Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study including 68 cases with chronic kidney disease coming for hemodialysis at dialysis centers and 140 healthy individuals as control. Serum samples were used for the analysis of serum urea and creatinine, liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase using ErbaChem-300 liquid Chemistry autoanalyzer. Pearson’s bivariate correlation analysis and ANOVA were used to correlate variables between the controls and cases. p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results: Urea and creatinine levels were significantly higher in both pre and post-hemodialysis as compared to healthy controls with a p-value (p < 0.001). Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase levels were significantly lower in both pre and post-hemodialysis as compared to healthy controls.  On the other hand, serum alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher in pre and post hemodialysis as compared to healthy control. Moreover, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were significantly higher in pre and post hemodialysis as compared to healthy control.

Conclusion: The study showed differences in the level of liver enzymes in pre and post hemodialysis in chronic kidney disease.
Reklama w działaniach komunikacyjnych jednostki samorządu terytorialnego
Authors: Krawczyk Dariusz
Published: June 2020

Artykuł dotyczy aktywności samorządów w obszarze komunikacji perswazyjnej. Celem jest określenie zasadności i zgodności z przepisami podejmowanych działań oraz wskazanie na uwarunkowania, którym odpowiadać powinna polityka reklamowa administracji publicznej. Przedstawiono charakterystykę przedsięwzięć promocyjnych realizowanych zarówno bezpośrednio przez gminy lub powiaty, jak i za pośrednictwem nadawców zewnętrznych, a w tym środków masowego przekazu. Zaprezentowano ponadto wyniki badań empirycznych dotyczących technik i narzędzi reklamy jednostek samorządu terytorialnego, ich społecznego zasięgu oraz wysokości nakładów budżetowych przeznaczanych na promocję.
Ekshortacje w Gofredzie abo Jeruzalem wyzwolonej Tassa–Kochanowskiego – tradycja, forma i recepcja (zagadnienia wiodące)
Authors: Kuran Michał
Published: June 2020

The present study’s main focus is the analysis of three exhortations’ structure along with the topic featured therein, which appear in Piotr Kochanowski’s translation Gofred abo Jeruzalem wyzwolona published in 1618. Those speeches are delivered by Soliman and Emiren, who represent the Saracen side, and the eponymous Goffredo, who represents Christians. The author of the article indicates some arguments (understood as rhetorical devices) referring to the knightly community, which may either be praised (“our” side) or chastised (the opponents), or referencing the leader/warlord, who may deliver a self-praise or berate the enemies’ leader. In addition, a classification of speeches is offered; and so, the following types were distinguished: the call-to-arms type speech to defend a territory, values, and family; the speech calling for outstanding bravery and manly prowess in the face of expected defeat; calling for dedication when faced with an equal opponent; and finally, calling for devotion in the course of attaining a military aim.
„Nie licz na cud” Rozmowa Moniki Lubińskiej z Kamilą Janiak
Authors: Janiak Kamila , Lubińska Monika
Published: June 2020

"Don't Count on a Miracle". Monika Lubińska in Conversation with Kamila Janiak
Zniewolone przez pracę czy dzięki pracy uwolnione? [dot. A. Urbanik-Kopeć: Anioł w domu, mrówka w fabryce]
Authors: Pfeifer Kasper
Published: June 2020

The aim of this critical essay is to analyse social and economic contexts of women’s work at the verge of 19th and 20th centuries. In the essay’s foreground are: 1) the discussion of Polish emancipatory discourses, the relation of liberal feminists to working class women; as well as 2) the characteristics of the reproductive work performed by women in the era of industrial revolution along with the impact the industrialization had on transformations of the ways genders were perceived. The article also touches upon the emancipatory role played by the factory – an attempt was made to answer the question: To what extent the commercialization of women’s work due to industrial revolutions allowed women to escape the shackles of patriarchy, and to what extent it contributed to their further entanglement in the network of dependency.
Jak wyrwać się z nostalgii [dot. P. Włodek: Kres niewinności. Obraz i upamiętnienie ery Eisenhowera w amerykańskich filmach i serialach – pomiędzy reprezentacją, nostalgią a krytycznym retro]
Authors: Kostyra Karolina
Published: June 2020

The article discussesa book by Patrycja Włodek entitled Kres niewinności. Obraz i upamiętnienie ery Eisenhowera w amerykańskich filmach i serialach – pomiędzy reprezentacją, nostalgią a krytycznym retro [The End of Innocence: The image and remembrance of the Eisenhower era in American feature films and television series – between representation, nostalgia, and critical retro style]. The author of the article positions her publication amongst other film studies research devoted to “nostalgic cinema” and enters into dialogue with concepts put forward by Włodek. The polemical pendants and glosses centre on searching for currents, titles, and readings both supporting Włodek’s considerations and transcending her interpretive framework relating to retro nostalgic (cinema of the 1980s) and retro classic (the most recent films and television series).
Profil GCMS Senyawa Kimia Ekstrak Metanol Isolat Cendawan Entomopatogen Beauveria Bassiana Dan Akar Cabai Sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan Cabai
Authors: Saragih Magdalena , Trizelia Trizelia , Nurbailis Nurbailis , Yusniwati Yusniwati
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to identify the chemical compound methanol extract of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana from insect walang sangit and the chemical compound roots of red chili plants that were able to stimulate the growth of chilli plants after being applied with entomopathogenic fungus   B. bassiana through seed immersion inoculation using GCMS method. The chemical compound identified as a growth booster in   B. bassiana fungus isolates from the insect walang sangit is an Acetic acid Ethanoic acid Ethylic acid Glacial acetic acid CH3COOH, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Methylpalmitate Uniphat A60, n-Hexadecanoic acid Hexadecanoic acid n-Hexadecoic acid Palmitic acid, Dianhydromannitol and Ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol, (3.beta., 22E) - (CAS) Ergosterol (CAS), while the chili root contains Acetic acid Ethanoic acid Ethylic acid Glacials acetic acid CH3COOH, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Methyl palmitate Uniphat A60, n -Hexadecanoic acid Hexadecanoic acid Palmitic acid, 8, 11- octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) METHYL 8, 11-OCTADECADIENOATE, (23S)-ethylcholest-5-en-3.beta.-ol.s It can be concluded that some of the chemical compounds in methanol extracts identified in chili roots have similarities with chemical compounds that exist in   B. bassiana entomopathogenic fungus which are potential as stimulers of chili plant growth
Wpływ europeizacji na relacje cywilnowojskowe w Turcji za rządów partii AKP
Authors: Herbut Maciej
Published: June 2020

The Turkish Armed Forces have played a key role in politics since the establishment of the republic in 1923. Despite the thorny relations between the civilian and military elites, the process of European integration played an extremely important role in bringing the country on a path of democratic reforms. Both opposing sides, namely the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Turkish Military (TSK), in the context of the ongoing process of European integration and a relatively high societal support for Turkey’s EU accession, seemed to accept more conciliatory approaches to each other (2001–2006). Unfortunately, starting from 2006, along with the rise of euroscepticism among Turks and the loosening of ties with the EU, the AKP and TSK adopted more antagonistic stances towards each other. The European Union and its institutions, which also influence constitutional changes in Turkey, therefore create an extremely important international context for democratisation.
Madame Europe czy dziewczynka do bicia – prasa europejska o wysokiej przedstawiciel Unii do spraw zagranicznych i polityki bezpieczeństwa Catherine Ashton
Authors: Smutek Małgorzata
Published: June 2020

In this article the opinions about Catherine Ashton as the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy expressed in Polish and foreign media as well as some editorialised statements by politicians will be presented. The analysis will cover the opinions on Ashton as a person and her actions as the High Representative, as well as the perception of the European Union as a whole through the prism of her work. The High Representative’s contacts with media and her efforts at creating her image will also be presented.
Polityczny wymiar relacji między Unią Europejską a Państwem Izrael
Authors: Skorzycki Michał
Published: June 2020

The article presents the state of political relations biding the European Union and Israel. Lisbon reform granted the EU legal personality, which was the next step in extending the autonomy that allows it to be treated like a political actor of international relations. Bearing that it mind, the author attempts to reveal political goals being accomplished by both sides as well as means which lead to their implementation. The aim of the article is also to cover the most important obstacles in mutual relations and prospects of overcoming them. This requires the paper to go beyond discussing the current developments and demands the presentation of historic, structural and strategic background of relations of the two aforementioned entities.
CHECKLIST CIRÚRGICO E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NA SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE
Authors: Hendges Mara , Soares Narciso Vieira , Rodrigues Francisco Carlos Pinto , Bittencourt Vivian Lemes Lobo
Published: June 2020

Resumo Objetivo: descrever a experiência vivenciada pelas acadêmicas de enfermagem frente ao preenchimento e aplicação do checklist no Centro Cirúrgico. Metodologia: refere-se a um relato de experiência com delineamento descritivo e com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido no segundo semestre de 2018 durante o estágio de conclusão de curso de graduação de enfermagem. Resultados: identificaram-se falhas no preenchimento do checklist por parte da Enfermagem, o que pode afetar a segurança do paciente submetido a procedimentos cirúrgicos com relação à cirurgia segura. Conclusões: Uma determinada carência no preenchimento dos dados do checklist cirúrgico em todas as etapas por parte dos profissionais da Enfermagem, o que impacta na assistência prestada e na segurança do paciente.Palavras-chave: Enfermagem. Lista de checagem. Segurança do Paciente.
ANÁLISE DA VARIAÇÃO DA TEMPERATURA DE CORPOS: UMA PROPOSTA COM USO DA PLATAFORMA ARDUINO
Authors: Silveira Michel Xisto Silva , Cruz Frederico Alan de Oliveira
Published: June 2020

A abordagem dos diferentes temas presentes na grade curricular é realizada de forma quase sempre teórica, sem qualquer demonstração para os estudantes, dificultando a compreensão do que está sendo exposto nas aulas. No intuito de tornar as aulas mais interessantes, tem-se buscado apoio nas tecnologias presentes nos dias atuais para facilitar a exposição dos conteúdos e com isso criar um ambiente mais favorável para a aprendizagem dos estudantes. No caso dos diversos temas de óptica a demonstração experimental é fundamental, visto que em muitos casos a discussão teórica não consegue dar conta de explicar todos os nuances do problema. A questão relacionada ao aquecimento dos corpos em função da iluminação por uma fonte policromática, já presente em avaliações para ao acesso do ensino superior, é um exemplo disso. Nesse sentido, nesse trabalho é apresentada uma proposta para realização da medida desse efeito, visando gerar dados para que os estudantes possam verificar que corpos mais escuros apresentam aquecimento maior que os de tons mais claros. Para isso foi montado um sistema com o uso da plataforma Arduino®, onde é possível demonstrar esse efeito de forma simples e com custo acessível.
The Strategy of Provision of CPO Raw Material (Case study: PT. Mamuang Pasangkayu North Mamuju Regency)
Authors: Ilham Muhammad
Published: June 2020

continuity of the production process in a company will be influenced by various factors, including: capital, technology, supplies of raw materials, finished goods and labor supply. Inventory as elements of working capital is an asset that is always in a state of spinning. Supplies are also elements of seamless assets that are always considered liquid compared with other asset elements such as cash, Receivables, and marketable securities. Adequate supply of raw materials can accelerate the production process. So that the resulting finished goods can assure the effectiveness of marketing activities. PT. Mamuang Pasangkayu (North Mamuju Regency) as one of palm oil plantation management under the PT Astra Indonesia. Oil Palm Factory owned by PT Mamuang is one unit where MCC Mamuang currently acquires supplies from its core gardens and plasma gardens. PT Mamuang Pasangkayu was established in June 2006 and produced CPO/crude palm oil and PK/palm kernel. At the beginning of the factory, raw materials were obtained from several CV and Pasangkayu PTP Garden. Pt. Mamuang Pasangkayu still has constraints in its business that the production of a garden they have not enough to fulfill the needs of the factory while the supply from other gardens is not much because of the new rejuvenation process. In addition to the supply of FFB (fresh fruit bunch) acquired, since September 2007 is no longer brought to the furnace RIMDU because of consideration of large transportation costs. Moreover, changes in the CPO price in the world market also affect the number of demand and supply. Fluctuations in CPO prices affect the manufacturing process. This will also affect the amount of production produced. Price increases and price declines require rapid anticipation so that the company can adapt to the changes that occur.
Farmer's Stance on Decreasing Production of Local Red Onion (Allium cepa L.) Farming in Buttu Pamboang Village, Majene
Authors: Karim Ikawati
Published: June 2020

In general, farmers in Buttu Pamboang Village in Majene District in carrying out the cultivation of onion plants have not applied the rules of cultivation correctly and precisely, resulting in a decline in crop. Agricultural commodities have a strategic role in realizing government policy to increase foreign exchange acquisition. The toughness of the role in the world trade globalization era is faced with the competition of commodity quality, both in domestic and foreign markets. This Era is characterized by the increasingly free commodity trading between countries in the world including vegetable commodities. In Indonesia, the local red onion plant (Allium cepa L.) has been cultivated by farmers as a commercial farming. However, the presence and demand of red onion that continue to increase every year cannot be followed by the increase in production. Data of the Agricultural office of Pamboang Village, October 2015 that the amount of local red onion productivity ranged from 5-6 tons and the production amount ranged from 10-12 tons with 2 ha of farmland area in 2014. It can be concluded that the production of local red onion in 2015 in the Pamboang Village decreased compared to the previous year, the red onion productivity of 2015 average ranged from 2-3 tons. This research aims to identify the attitude of farmers in Buttu Pamboang Village to decline in production in the onion farming business and know the factors that cause a decline in the production of local red onion in Buttu Pamboang Village in Pamboang District of Majene Regency. To identify the assessment of the farmer's stance, analyzed using Likert scale. The Likert scale is the identification of assessments to measure the attitudes and opinions and perceptions of the person/group on social symptoms. The results of the study proved that the attitude of farmers in Buttu Pamboang Village to the decline of production is good or well received.
Negotiating Girl-led Advocacy
Authors: Haffejee Sadiyya , Treffry-Goatley Astrid , Wiebesiek Lisa , Mkhize Nkonzo
Published: June 2020

Increasingly, researchers and policymakers recognize the ability of girls to effect social change in their daily lives. Scholars working across diverse settings also acknowledge the key influence of individual, family, and societal structures on such activism. Drawing on our work with girls in a participatory visual research project in a rural community in South Africa, we consider examples of partnership and collaboration between the adult research team and the young participants. We highlight their agency in mobilizing adults to partner and support community and policy change to address traditional practices of early and forced marriage in this setting. We conclude that collaborative engagement with adults as partners can support activism and advocacy led by girls in contexts of traditional leadership.
Chalk Back
Authors: Harris-Harb Natasha , Sandberg Sophie
Published: June 2020

The Chalk Back movement that started in March 2016 is a rapidly growing collective of over 150 young activists from around the world. As part of a university class project, Sophie decided to collect experiences of street harassment, write them out verbatim with chalk on the streets where they occurred alongside the hashtag #stopstreetharassment, and post them on the Instagram account @catcallsofnyc. Two years later, the account gained popularity. Other catcallsof accounts opened in London, Amsterdam, Ottawa, Dhaka, Nairobi, Cairo, and Sydney. These accounts, discussed below, are just a few of those spanning 150 cities in 49 countries in 6 continents. We are two Chalk Back members—Natasha from Ottawa and Sophie from New York City—highlighting the risk, empowerment, and power dynamics of what we call chalking back by amplifying the voices of those doing this work around the world.
Abrasion protection of silicate enamel coating of engineering network nodes in field conditions
Authors: Shorin V. A. , Litvinov V. S. , Vasil'ev E. P. , Shorin A. V.
Published: June 2020

The paper proposes methods for protecting the internal silicate-enamel coating of pipes in field conditions. It is shown that the proposed methods are highly efficient for manual mechanical cutting, chamfering, cutting edges with abrasive tools with vulcanite cutting discs for welding, in manufacturing and assembling the engineering systems, transportation of aggressive products, and fire fighting systems.It is shown that the most appropriate method for preservation of the internal silicate-enamel coating is its preliminary annular incision and sizing of the cut place with a thin cloth (calico) impregnated with quick-drying glue, and clay coating protection from hot metal particles. This method is recommended to be used when cutting pipes, fittings, segments, processing their chamfers and cutting edges, in manufacturing of network nodes (fire-fighting systems) in field conditions.The proposed methods will significantly increase the operating life and reliability of engineering networks with silicate-enamel coating for the transportation of aggressive products and, as a result, technical safety of trouble-free facilities.
Classicism and city planning in Russia and Siberia
Authors: Babinovich N. U. , Sitnikova E. V.
Published: June 2020

The paper considers the general trends in classicism and city planning in Russia and Siberia. The prerequisites for the classicism development are studied on the example of the famous architectural monuments; the main style characteristics are considered. This study concerns the problems of preserving historic buildings in the cities of Russia and the loss of valuable building elements. Classical architecture offers simple clean design widely used in the 19th century and recognized as a background building in all cities of the country. It was most of all subject to destruction during the Soviet period. At present, these objects are rare and identify the architectural era. Although many authors study classicism in the cities of Russia and Siberia, the city of Tomsk has not been studied enough.Comparative and architectural analyses are used to study the classicism development in the capitals of Russia, Siberia and in Tomsk, in particular. It is shown how the main public buildings are designed and built in the cities of Russia and in the city of Tomsk in accordance with the approved projects.It is shown that having passed the main formation stages, classicism becomes the national style by the middle of the 19th century. The need to build public buildings in all provincial cities of the country, new types of buildings such as magistrates, seats, banks, stock exchanges and others, change the architectural style in Russia. The model projects allow in a short time to carry out a large-scale economical and technically correct construction, which contributes to the stylistic integrity of the Russian cities.
Spatial organization of administration building in Leningrad
Authors: Kakunets K. V.
Published: June 2020

The administrative building, built in Leningrad in the 1930s, is an example of Soviet buildings unique from the point of view of their functional purpose. This building, a central element of the Moskovskii region (Lerningrad) is designed with regard to the urban spatial organization. The results of this study can be used in the design of new administration buildings in the country. The history of the territory formation is considered, and a graphical analysis is utilized as the main analytical approach. Based on the gathered experience and the obtained results, the quality of the modern administration buildings can be significantly improved. The paper proposes to create a specific territory around the administrative building of the Moskovskii region that can be used more appropriately.
History of Coalitions in Pakistan (1947 To 1973) and the Factors Shaping it
Authors: Qasim Muhammad , Ali Ahmad
Published: June 2020

A political alliance is a temporary combination of groups or individuals formed to pursue specific objectives through joint action. Pluralist democracies are characterized by alliances and coalitions by diverse political parties. Political parties, desiring to exercise powers in democracies having parliamentary setups, naturally have to come in coalition with the major political party in parliament. Political parties sometimes make preelection alliances while some make coalitions in the post-election era with the ruling party. Alliance political culture has deep-rooted impacts on Pakistani politics. These alliances gave tough times to military dictators throughout the history of Pakistan and contributed towards strengthening democracy in Pakistan. For instance, Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM) was formed on 30th April 1967against Ayub Khan and the Movement for Restoration of Democracy on 8th February 1981. This paper enunciates and explores the politics of coalition in Pakistan before the dismemberment of Bangladesh and its impacts on the consequent events.
Identification of Factors Undermining the TeachingLearning Process in the Subject of Physics at Secondary Level in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Kifayat , Khan Munir , Rashid Abdur
Published: June 2020

The teaching of Physics involves theoretical as well as practical skills development of students at the secondary school level. The main aim of the study was to identify the factors that undermine the teaching-learning process in the subject of physics. All secondary schools science teachers were considered as the population of the study. Two hundred (200) science teachers (100 each male and female) were selected as the sample of the study through stratified random sampling techniques. Data was collected through a self-developed questionnaire of reliability coefficient 0.84 and were analyzed using statistical tools. The unavailability of physics: teacher, laboratory, classrooms, related books were concluded undermining factors. Lake of physics teachers and unfavorable working environment were found dominant in male teachers school than female. The educational authorities with the collaboration of the community can play their role to overcome these undermining factors in the subject of
Relationship between Teacher Motivation and Leadership Styles: An Empirical Study of Public Sector Colleges of Punjab, Pakistan.
Authors: Jabeen Afshan , Khan Salahuddin , Manzoor Mehwish
Published: June 2020

The present study investigated the association between college teachers motivation and leadership styles. The population comprised of the lecturers in Physical education of all government degree colleges for girls and boys in Punjab, Pakistan. No sampling technique was preferred due to the accessible population. The total number of lecturers in Physical Education was 576 in which 210 were male and 366 were females. Two self-prepared, Likert type scales were used for data collection and SPSS 24 was used for data analysis. The results indicated that there is a positive significant association between the principals leadership styles and the teachers motivating factors. Also, the lecturers were found to be well-motivated with transactional leadership style. It was suggested that the government may conduct short-term awareness programs and arrange training and workshops for LPEs and college principals regarding the appropriate leadership style, upgrade their skills and motivational strategies for LPEs towards the job.
Development of Islamic Integrated Education in Pakistan since 1947: Current Needs for the Globalized World
Authors: Faizi Waqar Un Nisa , Shakil Anila Fatima , Abdu Rehman
Published: June 2020

Education entails much significance and prominence for building a nation. Every country has certain policies and planning in terms of how their education system should work. Since Pakistan has been independent of Islamic values and religious autonomy, Islamic education is the fundamental and most crucial element. In this regard, this research paper has aimed to discover the timeline of how Islamic education was integrated into the Pakistani curriculum. The research findings have suggested that the educational policies of Pakistan from 1969 to date are emphasizing the inclusion of Islamic education into the modern secular system. However, most Islamic-educated colleges are not effectively addressing Islamic education as required in national policies as part of the compulsory part of the curriculum. Nevertheless, a more effective balance between secular education and Islamic education is found between new Islamic integrated schools to prepare students for the challenges of this globalized world.
The Attitude of Prospective Teachers towards Guidance and Counseling Services in Distance Education of Pakistan
Authors: Malik Muhammad Abdul , Hussain Irshad
Published: June 2020

This study evaluated the attitude of prospective teachers towards “guidance and counseling services” in distance education. The survey method was used for data collection from 730 B.Ed. learners of the AIOU by using questionnaires on a five-point rating (Likert) scale. The results indicated that the majority of the prospective teachers (80.24%) appeared to be satisfied with information services and the channels of providing such services by AIOU. More than half of the respondents (57.81%, 57.59%, and 57.81%) appeared were unsatisfied with the provision of tutors information, guidance by their tutors on writing assignments, and tutorial meetings (respectively). Overall, more than half of the respondents appeared with their positive perception about “guidance and counseling services”. The study recommended tutors training on how to tutor in distance education; how-to guide and facilitate distance learners in writing good assignments.
Legal status of police services, implementing anti-criminal policy of the 17th century muscovite state
Authors: Ryabchenko A. G.
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the specifics which for mauthority of the prikazy, voivodes and gubnye institutions in the 17th century Muscovite State interms of anti-criminal activities that consist in maintaining public order and taking part incriminal procedure. The largest works copein relation tocombating crime was done by the Robbery prikaz that ran gubnye izby and set up a gubnoy starosta corps (by means of elections and appointments). Apart from the Robbery prikaz, law-enforcement duties, to a great extent, were also implemented by the Zemskiy and Sysknoy prikaz. Special attention with in this article is paid to the issue of voivodes competence formation in connection with anti-criminal policy, their duties were determined by «nakazy» from the centre and consisted both in maintaining law and order and arranging search and investigation into the cases under their jurisdiction. The article also addresses the lack of definite separation of duties within the jurisdiction context, e.g., political off enders could be and if needed had to be traced by police services of all levels, but an investigation was generally conducted at the prikaz level where as a judgment could be delivered at the highest power level.
La construcción de valores intangibles de marcas de cerveza artesanal. Atributos inmersos en las comunicaciones.
Authors: Osorio Parra Catalina , Orozco-Toro Jaime Alberto
Published: June 2020

Este estudio pretende analizar desde un enfoque hermenéutico-etnográfico, la construcción de valores intangibles del consumidor de las marcas de cerveza artesanal producidas en Medellín-Colombia, en relación a su estrategia de comunicación. Las bases teóricas se fundamentan desde los conceptos de identidad, imagen y valores intangibles de marca. Dentro de los resultados más importantes se puede destacar que la cerveza artesanal responde a un nuevo segmento como resultado de nuevas estrategias comunicativas e imaginarios alrededor de lo artesanal. Además, los valores intangibles más relevantes que perciben los usuarios de las marcas giran alrededor de la confianza, la innovación, el orgullo, entre otros. Mediante esta investigación se demuestra la importancia que tienen los valores intangibles, especialmente en la comunicación y en la construcción de una correcta imagen de marca.
PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI PRODUKTIF BAGI KELUARGA KURANG MAMPU SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF UPAYA PEMBERANTASAN KEMISKINAN
Authors: Yosada Kardius Richi , Mardawani Mardawani , Kurniati Agusta
Published: June 2020

: Pemberdayaan merupakan suatu konsep untuk memberikan tanggungjawab yang lebih besar kepada orang-orang tentang bagaimana melakukan pekerjaan. Program-program pemberdayaan sumberdaya manusia telah dilakukan pemerintah bertujuan untuk pemberantasan kemiskinan.  Sedangkan kemiskinan merupakan masalah pembangunan kesejahteraan sosial yang berkaitan dengan berbagai bidang pembangunan lainnya yang ditandai oleh pengangguran, keterbelakangan, dan ketidakberdayaan. Salah satu bentuk pemberdayaan yang relevan untuk pemberantasan kemiskinan adalah.Pengembangan Usaha Ekonomi Produktif (UEP) bagi kaum miskin. Ini merupakan salah satu program yang dikembangkan pemerintah melalui dinas sosial. Upaya pemberantasan kemiskinan dengan Program Usaha Ekonomi Produktif (UEP) disosialisasikan kemasyarakat dengan metode pelatihan. Adapun pelatihan yang diberikan kepada masyarakat Desa Pelimping adalah memberikan upaya penyadaran dalam bentuk pemahaman tentang bagaimana Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Produktif bagi Keluarga Kurang Mampu Sebagai Alternatif Upaya Pemberantasan Kemiskinan dengan mengajak masyarakat untuk mengubah cara pandang terhadap dunia kewirausahaan melalui perubahan pola pikir, pola kerja dan pola sikap. Selain memberikan pemahaman juga dibentuk kelompok Usaha Ekonomi Produktif serta kesepakan untuk pendampingan yang berkelanjutan bagi kelompok-kelompok usaha ekonomi produktif yang telah dibentuk.Kata Kunci: Usaha Ekonomi Produktif, Pemberantasan Kemiskinan