bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Cardioprotective Power: Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS)-Analyzed Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Leaf Ethanolic Extract against Myocardial Infarction in Rats and In Silico Support Analysis
Authors: Kumar Raghupathi Niranjan , Prasanth Dsnbk , Midthuri Praisy Gladys , Ahmad Sheikh F. , Badarinath Attuluri Venkata , Karumanchi Srikanth Kumar , Seemaladinne Ramanjaneyulu , Nalluri Rahul , Pasala Praveen Kumar
Published: October 2023

Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser, a member of the Rubiaceae family, is a botanical species with recognized therapeutic properties. It is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat cardiac ailments and other disorders. However, the precise active constituents and the potential mechanisms by which they manage cardiovascular disorders remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to ascertain the bioactive components and investigate their underlying mechanisms of action. N. cadamba is used to treat cardiovascular disorders using the integrated metabolomic methodology. An HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis determined the potential chemicals in the N. cadamba leaf ethanol extract (NCEE). A thorough investigation of the NCEE samples used in this study led to the identification of 32 phytoconstituents. Of the 32 compounds, 19 obeyed Lipinski’s rule of five (RO5). A molecular docking study directed towards HMG-CoA reductase used 19 molecules. The reference drug atorvastatin indicated a binding energy of −3.9 kcal/mol, while the other substances, Cinchonain Ib and Dukunolide B, revealed binding energies of −5.7 and −5.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Both phytocompounds showed no toxicity and exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties. In vivo study results concluded that treatment with NCEE significantly reduced the cardiac myocardial infarction (MI) marker CK-MB and atherogenic risk indices, such as the atherogenic index plasma (AIP), cardiac risk ratio (CRR), and atherogenic coefficient (AC) in isoproterenol-induced MI rats. In MI rats, NCEE therapy significantly improved the antioxidant system of the heart tissue, as evidenced by the increased levels of GSH and SOD, lower levels of the oxidative stress marker MDA, and significantly decreased HMG-CoA activity. Additionally, electrocardiogram (ECG) signals from rats treated with NCEE resembled those treated with traditional atorvastatin to treat myocardial infarction. This study used H&E staining to show that administering NCEE before treatment reduced cardiac myocyte degeneration in rats with myocardial infarction, increased the presence of intact nuclei, and increased myocardial fiber strength. The potential cardioprotective effect observed in myocardial infarction (MI) rats treated with NCEE can be extrapolated from computational data to be caused by Cinchonain Ib.
Morphological Characteristics and Expression Patterns of CmCYC2c of Different Flower Shapes in Chrysanthemum morifolium
Authors: Qiu Taijia , Li Song , Zhao Kunkun , Jia Diwen , Chen Fadi , Ding Lian
Published: October 2023

The chrysanthemum is widely used as a cut flower, potted flower, and garden flower worldwide and has high ornamental, edible, and medicinal value. The flower heads, composed of ray florets and disc florets, are the most diverse in terms of morphology among ornamental plants. Here, we compared and analyzed the developmental processes of different capitulum types as well as ray florets and disc florets. Morphological differentiation of the two florets occurred on the dorsal domain of the petals at stage Ⅳ of flower development, and differences in stamen development occurred at stage Ⅴ. The dorsal domain of the ray florets and the early stage of flower development were also an essential site and period, respectively, for the differences among capitulum types. In situ hybridization revealed that CmCYC2c, whose homologs are involved in the specification of floret identity in Asteraceae, was expressed in both the dorsal and ventral domains of the ray petals in the tubular-type chrysanthemum, whereas, it was differentially transcribed in the ray petals of flat- and spoon-type chrysanthemum cultivars and had lower or no expression in the dorsal domain and higher expression in the ventral domain at stage Ⅳ. Our study indicates that the expression pattern of CmCYC2c on the dorsal domain of the ray floret at stage Ⅳ contributes to the formation of diverse flower head types in chrysanthemums.
Feasibility Study for Finding Mathematical Approaches to Describe the Optimal Operation Point of Sensor-Based Sorting Machines for Plastic Waste
Authors: Friedrich Karl , Kuhn Nikolai , Pomberger Roland , Koinig Gerald
Published: October 2023

At present, sensor-based sorting machines are usually not operated at the optimal operation point but are either overrun or underrun depending on the availability of waste streams. Mathematical approaches for predefined ideal mixtures can be found based on the input stream composition and the throughput rate. This scientific article compares whether and under what conditions these approaches can be applied to sensor-based sorting machines. Existing data for predefined ideal mixtures are compared with newly generated data of real waste on three sensor-based sorting setups in order to make significant statements. Five samples of 3D plastics at regular intervals were taken in a processing plant for refuse-derived fuels. With the comparison of all these results, four hypotheses were validated, related to whether the same mathematical approaches can be transferred from ideal mixtures to real waste and whether they can be transferred to sensor-based sorting machines individually or depending on the construction type. The developed mathematical approaches are regression models for finding the optimal operation point to achieve a specific sensor-based sorting result in terms of purity and recovery. For a plant operator, the main benefit of the findings of this scientific article is that purity could be increased by 20% without substantially adapting the sorting plant.
Structure–Property Relationship, Glass Transition, and Crystallization Behaviors of Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Qu Tengfei , Nan Guangming , Ouyang Yan , Bieketuerxun Bahaerguli. , Yan Xiuling , Qi Yunpeng , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2023

Conjugated polymers have gained considerable interest due to their unique structures and promising applications in areas such as optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and flexible electronics. This review focuses on the structure–property relationship, glass transition, and crystallization behaviors of conjugated polymers. Understanding the relationship between the molecular structure of conjugated polymers and their properties is essential for optimizing their performance. The glass transition temperature (Tg) plays a key role in determining the processability and application of conjugated polymers. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the glass transition phenomenon and explore how side-chain interaction affects Tg. The crystallization behavior of conjugated polymers significantly impacts their mechanical and electrical properties. We investigate the nucleation and growth processes, as well as the factors that influence the crystallization process. The development of the three generations of conjugated polymers in controlling the crystalline structure and enhancing polymer ordering is also discussed. This review highlights advanced characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and thermal analysis, which provide insights into molecular ordering and polymer–crystal interfaces. This review provides an insight of the structure–property relationship, glass transition, and crystallization behaviors of conjugated polymers. It serves as a foundation for further research and development of conjugated polymer-based materials with enhanced properties and performance.
Sin and Synodality: The Struggles of the Third Mexican Council
Authors: Romero Michael A.
Published: October 2023

This paper is a historical and contextual investigation of the practice of synods and synodality in the historical moment of the colonial Church of New Spain. Bishops, clergy, and religious orders vied for ecclesial and spiritual power against civil and royal authorities, and often even against themselves. The bishops of New Spain did not use the language of “enlarging the space of one’s tent”, but they were deeply and genuinely disturbed by the evils present concretely before the eyes of the Church. The Third Mexican Provincial Council of 1585 will be examined as a case study of how the Church has listened to and responded synodally to large-scale abuse of human dignity perpetuated and legitimized by the social order. The paper will then explore how the Council’s decrees anticipate modern notions of synodality. The historical perspective of the bishops of New Spain and contemporary documents of the Synod on Synodality will help form the basis for questions about how Christ is made central in synodal gatherings.
Insights into the Movement and Diffusion Accumulation Characteristics of a Catastrophic Rock Avalanche Debris—A Case Study
Authors: Gong Yifei , Xing Xiansen , Li Yanan , Zhu Chun , Li Yanlin , Yan Jianhua , Le Huilin , Li Xiaoshuang
Published: October 2023

In this study, the 1991 rock avalanche, in Touzhai, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China, was considered the study object. The investigation of the landslide accumulation body revealed that the Touzhai rock avalanche accumulation body has the characteristics of wide gradation and poor sorting. A combination of field investigations, indoor and outdoor experiments, and numerical simulations were used to invert the occurrence and spreading range of rock avalanche-debris flow hazards. To invert and analyze its dynamics and the crushing process, a three-dimensional discrete element modeling was performed on the real terrain data. Simulation results showed that the movement time of the numerically simulated Touzhai rock avalanche was approximately 200 s. After 50 s of movement, the peak velocity reached 32 m/s, and the velocity gradually decayed after the sliding mass rubbed violently against the valley floor and collided with the mountain. Due to the meandering nature of the gully, the sliding mass makes its way down the gully and constantly collides with the mountain, making particles appear to climb, with some particles being blocked by the valley. After 150 s of movement, the average velocity rate decreased substantially, and the landslide-avalanche debris reached the mouth of the trench. After 200 s of movement, the average sliding velocity tends to 0 m/s, where the avalanche debris tends to stop and accumulate. When the rock avalanche movement reaches the mouth of the gully, the avalanche debris spreads to the sides as it is no longer bounded by the hills on either side of the narrow gully, eventually forming a ‘trumpet-shaped’ accumulation, and the granular flow simulation matched the findings of the landslide site accumulation.
Transformer in UAV Image-Based Weed Mapping
Authors: Zhao Jiangsan , Berge Therese With , Geipel Jakob
Published: October 2023

Weeds affect crop yield and quality due to competition for resources. In order to reduce the risk of yield losses due to weeds, herbicides or non-chemical measures are applied. Weeds, especially creeping perennial species, are generally distributed in patches within arable fields. Hence, instead of applying control measures uniformly, precision weeding or site-specific weed management (SSWM) is highly recommended. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging is known for wide area coverage and flexible operation frequency, making it a potential solution to generate weed maps at a reasonable cost. Efficient weed mapping algorithms need to be developed together with UAV imagery to facilitate SSWM. Different machine learning (ML) approaches have been developed for image-based weed mapping, either classical ML models or the more up-to-date deep learning (DL) models taking full advantage of parallel computation on a GPU (graphics processing unit). Attention-based transformer DL models, which have seen a recent boom, are expected to overtake classical convolutional neural network (CNN) DL models. This inspired us to develop a transformer DL model for segmenting weeds, cereal crops, and ‘other’ in low-resolution RGB UAV imagery (about 33 mm ground sampling distance, g.s.d.) captured after the cereal crop had turned yellow. Images were acquired during three years in 15 fields with three cereal species (Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, and Avena sativa) and various weed flora dominated by creeping perennials (mainly Cirsium arvense and Elymus repens). The performance of our transformer model, 1Dtransformer, was evaluated through comparison with a classical DL model, 1DCNN, and two classical ML methods, i.e., random forest (RF) and k-nearest neighbor (KNN). The transformer model showed the best performance with an overall accuracy of 98.694% on pixels set aside for validation. It also agreed best and relatively well with ground reference data on total weed coverage, R2 = 0.598. In this study, we showed the outstanding performance and robustness of a 1Dtransformer model for weed mapping based on UAV imagery for the first time. The model can be used to obtain weed maps in cereals fields known to be infested by perennial weeds. These maps can be used as basis for the generation of prescription maps for SSWM, either pre-harvest, post-harvest, or in the next crop, by applying herbicides or non-chemical measures.
Deep Learning-Based Enhanced ISAR-RID Imaging Method
Authors: Wang Xiurong , Dai Yongpeng , Song Shaoqiu , Jin Tian , Huang Xiaotao
Published: October 2023

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging can be improved by processing Range-Instantaneous Doppler (RID) images, according to a method proposed in this paper that uses neural networks. ISAR is a significant imaging technique for moving targets. However, scatterers span across several range bins and Doppler bins while imaging a moving target over a large accumulated angle. Defocusing consequently occurs in the results produced by the conventional Range Doppler Algorithm (RDA). Defocusing can be solved with the time-frequency analysis (TFA) method, but the resolution performance is reduced. The proposed method provides the neural network with more details by using a string of RID frames of images as input. As a consequence, it produces better resolution and avoids defocusing. Furthermore, we have developed a positional encoding method that precisely represents pixel positions while taking into account the features of ISAR images. To address the issue of an imbalance in the ratio of pixel count between target and non-target areas in ISAR images, we additionally use the idea of Focal Loss to improve the Mean Squared Error (MSE). We conduct experiments with simulated data of point targets and full-wave simulated data produced by FEKO to assess the efficacy of the proposed approach. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach can improve resolution while preventing defocusing in ISAR images.
Comparison of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Based on GOSAT, OCO-2 Observations and Ground-Based TCCON Data
Authors: Zheng Jinhui , Zhang Huifang , Zhang Shuai
Published: October 2023

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most significant greenhouse gases, and its concentration and distribution in the atmosphere have always been a research hotspot. To study the temporal and spatial characteristics of atmospheric CO2 globally, it is crucial to evaluate the consistency of observation data from different carbon observation satellites. This study utilizes data from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) to verify the column-averaged dry air mole fractions of atmospheric CO2 (XCO2) retrieved by satellites from October 2014 to May 2016, specifically comparing the XCO2 distributions from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2). Our analysis indicates a strong correlation between the TCCON and both the GOSAT (correlation coefficient of 0.85) and OCO-2 (correlation coefficient of 0.91). Cross-validation further reveals that the measurements of the GOSAT and OCO-2 are highly consistent, with an average deviation and standard deviation of 0.92 ± 1.16 ppm and a correlation coefficient of 0.92. These differences remain stable over time, indicating that the calibration in the data set is reliable. Moreover, monthly averaged time-series and seasonal climatology comparisons were also performed separately over the six continents, i.e., Asia, North America, Europe, Africa, South America, and Oceania. The investigation of monthly XCO2 values across continents highlights greater consistency in Asia, North America, and Oceania (standard deviation from 0.15 to 0.27 ppm) as compared to Europe, South America, and Africa (standard deviation from 0.45 to 0.84 ppm). A seasonal analysis exhibited a high level of consistency in spring (correlation coefficient of 0.97), but lower agreement in summer (correlation coefficient of 0.78), potentially due to cloud cover and aerosol interference. Although some differences exist among the datasets, the overall findings demonstrate a strong correlation between the satellite measurements of XCO2. These results emphasize the importance of continued monitoring and calibration efforts to ensure the accurate assessment and understanding of atmospheric CO2 levels.
A Multi-Level Auto-Adaptive Noise-Filtering Algorithm for Land ICESat-2 Photon-Counting Data
Authors: Liu Jun , Liu Jingyun , Xie Huan , Ye Dan , Li Peinan
Published: October 2023

Due to atmospheric scattering, solar radiation, and other factors, the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) product data suffer from a substantial amount of background noise. This poses a significant challenge when attempting to directly utilize the raw data. Consequently, data denoising becomes an indispensable preprocessing step for its subsequent applications, such as the extraction of forest structure parameters and ground elevation data. While the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm is currently the most widely used method, it remains susceptible to complexities arising from terrain, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and input parameter variations. This paper proposes an efficient Multi-Level Auto-Adaptive Noise Filter (MLANF) algorithm based on photon spatial density. Its purpose is to extract signal photons from ICESat-2 terrestrial data of different ground cover types. The algorithm follows a two-step process. Firstly, random noise photons are removed from the upper and lower regions of the signal photons through a coarse denoising process. Secondly, in the fine denoising step, the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm selects the K photons to calculate the slope along the track. The calculated slope is then used to rotate the direction of the searching neighborhood in the DBSCAN algorithm. The proposed algorithm was tested in eight datasets of four surface types: forest, grassland, desert, and urban, and the extraction results were compared with those from the ATL08 datasets and the DBSCAN algorithm. Based on the ground-truth signal photons obtained by visual inspection, the classification precision, recall, and F-score of our algorithm, as well as two other algorithms, were calculated. The MLANF could achieve a good balance between classification precision (97.48% averaged) and recall (97.96% averaged). Its F-score (97.69% averaged) was higher than that of the other two methods. This demonstrates that the MLANF algorithm successfully obtained a continuous surface profile from ICESat-2 datasets with different surface cover types, significant topographic relief, and low SNR.
Modelling of Gyratory Crusher Liner Wear Using a Digital Wireless Sensor
Authors: Ou Tao , Chen Wei
Published: October 2023

A gyratory crusher is a key mineral processing asset in a comminution circuit. Monitoring and predicting the crusher liner wear is essential to ensure the throughput and product quality are maintained during production. This study developed a digital sensor and a discrete element modelling (DEM)-coupled methodology to monitor and reconstruct the gyratory crusher concave liner wear pattern. The developed digital sensor was able to track and report the live thickness of the specific installation point on a concave liner during operation. A wear reconstruction model was then developed based on the wear intensity obtained using the DEM and digital sensor results. The wear reconstruction model predictive results were subsequently compared with site measurements after 95 days of operation. The results indicated that the wear reconstruction model showed good agreement with measured results in terms of wear zone distribution as well as quantitative wear rate prediction. The outcome of this study can be potentially utilised in the mineral processing industry for plant monitoring and automation.
Into the Great Wide Open—From Classroom to Virtual Learning
Authors: Weitzman Charney , Perrin Jan
Published: October 2023

This paper charts the journey from classroom-based training delivery to hybrid and virtual learning opportunities used to overcome the challenges imposed by public health restrictions introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The public health measures introduced in March 2020 had a significant effect on the ability of the Children First Information and Advice Service (CFIAS), in Tusla, Ireland’s Child and Family Agency, to deliver services. One of the key tools used by the CFIAS to support understanding of responsibilities, and best practice, in child safeguarding by professionals, and within organisations, has been the provision of direct training and information sessions. The introduction of public health restrictions necessitated a complete rethink by the CFIAS on how child safeguarding training and information are delivered. The paper presents an outline of the background and context of child safeguarding in Ireland, followed by a description of some of the challenges experienced by the CFIAS in response to the pandemic public health restrictions. It includes discussion on strategies and solutions considered to overcome these challenges. There is further discussion on the tools and methods eventually used, followed by a reflection on lessons learned by the CFIAS in areas including training delivery and methodology, eLearning, and information provision. The paper provides an analysis of limited qualitative and quantitative data, as well as a reflection on the lived experience of the CFIAS team members responding to the challenges posed during this time period, rather than a preplanned research study on pedagogical approaches in adult learning.
Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development—Investigating Intention and Consumption among Low-Income Households in an Emerging Economy
Authors: Fazal Syed Ali , Hayat Naeem , Al Mamun Abdullah
Published: October 2023

To mitigate the harmful effects of climate change and progress toward achieving sustainable development goals, renewable energy sources should be available to low-income households. Households depend heavily on traditional energy sources. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the determinants that influence the intention and consumption of renewable energy among low-income households in Malaysia. Quantitative data was collected from 420 households through structured interviews. Analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS. The results revealed that perceived benefits and environmental concerns influence environmental attitudes. Motivation, skills, and knowledge affect subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, respectively. The study also found that attitude towards the environment and perceived behavioral control influence households’ intention towards renewable energy consumption and renewable energy consumption behavior. The results provided a clear idea of households’ intention in emerging economies towards renewable energy consumption to protect environmental damage from the harmful effects of the traditional use of energy sources. Therefore, policymakers in developing nations should focus on the feasibility of renewable energy projects and design group-agnostic campaigns for low-income households to ensure economic, social, and environmental sustainability through the mass adoption of renewable energy.
Study on the Dynamic Stability and Spectral Characteristics of a Toppling Dangerous Rock Mass under Seismic Excitation
Authors: Wang Linfeng , Zhang Jixu , Huang Xiaoming , Tan Guojin
Published: October 2023

To evaluate the dynamic stability of dangerous rock masses under seismic excitation more reasonably, a mass viscoelasticity model was adopted to simulate the two main controlling surfaces of a toppling dangerous rock mass. Based on the principles of structural dynamics, a dynamic response analysis model and motion equations were established for toppling dangerous rock masses. The Newmark-β method was utilized to establish a calculation method for the dynamic stability coefficient of a toppling dangerous rock mass. This method was applied to the WY2 dangerous rock mass developed in a steep cliff zone in Luoyi Village, and the dynamic stability coefficient time history was calculated. Subsequently, the acceleration response signals of the dangerous rock mass in different directions were analyzed using wavelet packet transform. The results show that the sum of the energy proportions of the first to third frequency bands in the n1 and s2 directions exceeded 95%. This suggests that the n1 and s2 directions of the WY2 dangerous rock mass suffered the initial damage under bidirectional seismic actions. Finally, the marginal spectra variations of the acceleration response signals in different directions were analyzed based on the HHT. The results show that the seismic energy in the n1 and s2 directions of the dangerous rock mass was found to be the most significant under seismic loading, indicating that the rock mass experienced the most severe damage along these two directions. This reveals that the failure mode of the dangerous rock mass is inclined toppling, consistent with the results of wavelet packet analysis.
Investigating the Effects of Environmental Regulation on Industrial Ecological Efficiency in China Using a Panel Smooth Transition Regression Model
Authors: Wang Guokui , Guo Xiaojia , Wu Guoqin , Zhu Yijia
Published: October 2023

Environmental regulation (ER) is a crucial tool used by governments to intervene in the environmental practices of enterprises, and it is recognized as a significant avenue to impact industrial ecological efficiency (IEE). This study uses the superefficiency SBM model to determine provincial IEE scores. Then, a panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model is used to explore the effects of ER on IEE transition at different stages of economic growth. The main findings are as follows: Firstly, China’s IEE showed an overall upward trend, with small increments over the past two decades. Regions with higher IEE were mainly located in the east, while those with lower IEE were mostly in the less economically developed west. Secondly, the PSTR model revealed that ER had varying impacts on IEE at different stages of economic growth. ER positively influenced IEE in the early stages of economic growth. However, after surpassing the threshold of economic growth, ER began to contribute to reducing IEE scores. In addition to these findings, this study proposes a series of policy recommendations to strengthen IEE.
Social Governance and Sustainable Development in Elderly Services: Innovative Models, Strategies, and Stakeholder Perspectives
Authors: Wang Huaiyue , Coyte Peter C. , Shi Weiwei , Zong Xu , Zhong Renyao
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The global demographic shift towards an aging population has created an urgent need for high-quality elderly care services. This study focuses on “elder services” within the framework of sustainable development, addressing seniors with intensive care needs and independent seniors. Methods—Social Governance: To understand the social governance aspects, we employ a qualitative methodology, analyzing policy documents, novel care methods, and successful case studies. Sustainable Development: Simultaneously, our study investigates sustainable development, examining the methods used to promote sustainability in geriatric care. Research Question: Our research question centers on identifying strategies that foster inclusivity and sustainability in elder services, considering diverse needs, housing, community involvement, and the role of technology. Results: We identified innovative models aimed at improving the well-being of older individuals, including community-driven initiatives, technology-assisted solutions, holistic wellness programs, intergenerational interaction programs, and the integration of traditional and modern care methods. We explored stakeholder perspectives, providing insights into the complexities of implementing effective elderly care solutions. Our study evaluated the efficiency of diversified social governance models in geriatric care, highlighting their benefits compared to traditional models. We presented specific concerns and suggestions from stakeholders regarding sustainable development in geriatric care. Discussion: Our findings underscored the importance of collaboration among various stakeholders to enhance elderly care. Our study summarizes key insights from current policies and anticipated future trajectories in geriatric care, providing a foundation for developing sustainable elderly care facilities.
Surrounding Rocks Deformation Mechanism and Roof Cutting-Grouting Joint Control Technology for Soft and Thick Coal Seam Roadway
Authors: Zhang Xutong , Wang Fangtian , Qu Hongfei , Liu Chao , Li Zhe , Hao Wenhua
Published: October 2023

High-efficiency maintenance and control of the deep coal roadway surrounding rock stability is a reliable guarantee for the sustainable development of a coal mine. However, it is difficult to control the stability of a roadway in soft and thick coal beds. To maintain the roadway with soft and thick coal beds under strong mining effect, the novel technology of “anchor bolt (cable) support-presplitting-grouting” is proposed. In this technique, the surface of the surrounding rock was supported by high-strength anchor bolts (cables) and metal mesh to prevent the rocks from falling off; pre-splitting roof cutting was adopted to improve the stress state of deep-part surrounding rocks, and the grouting reinforcement technology was used to reduce fractures and improve lithology. To investigate the deformation characteristics of surrounding rocks under this special condition, the equivalent load calculation model of stress distribution in roadway surrounding rocks was established, and the key area of roadway deformation and instability was defined. According to the theoretical model, the UDEC 7.0 software was employed to analyze the impacts of roof cutting depth, angle, and distance of presplitting kerf on the surrounding rock deformation. Based on the data analysis for simulation results with the Response Surface Method (RSM), the influences of single factors and multi-factor horizontal interactions on the stability of surrounding rocks and the internal causes were analyzed, and the optimal cutting parameters were ultimately defined. The in situ application of this technology shows that the fractures on the coal pillar side and the shear failure of surrounding rocks in the bed were effectively controlled, which provides a reference for roadway control under similar conditions.
Legal Aspects of the Evaluation of Tenders in Public Procurement Procedures in the Polish Mining Industry
Authors: Mucha Kamil , Chaba Dawid , Midor Katarzyna
Published: October 2023

Public procurement procedures facilitate the purchase of products, services, or civil works by public administrations. In Poland, they follow the national rules specified in the Public Procurement Act. Public procurement aims to ensure a transparent and competitive purchasing process, effective use of public resources, equal treatment of all tenderers, and supply of the best products and services. Various aspects of tender evaluation often determine public procurement and the actual process. Of fundamental importance are price and quality. The Polish mining industry is very mature and includes many stakeholders, such as underground, surface, and borehole mines. Public procurement in the mining industry is specialised and involves complex contracts between the contracting authority and the contractor. Additionally, the mining industry involves very high-risk levels and requires special safety efforts. Therefore, this article presents the analysis results related to evaluating offers in public tenders in the most prominent Polish enterprises of the mining industry. The results indicated what procedures should be carried out and what offer evaluation criteria are essential. The emphasis was placed on ensuring that the selection of offers in this industry are not based only on one criterion: price.
Effects of Total Quality Management Practices on Financial and Operational Performance of Hospitals
Authors: Zehir Songul , Zehir Cemal
Published: October 2023

The Total Quality Management (TQM) system is known to have a beneficial impact on sustainability. This study aimed to elucidate the achievement of hospital sustainability by analyzing the relationship between the implementation of TQM practices (leadership of management, decision making, continuous improvement, customer focus, employee involvement, process management, and relations with suppliers), and their impact on the financial and operational performance of hospitals. The gathered data underwent analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM) to empirically investigate the impact of TQM methods on the financial and operational performance of hospitals. A total of 1069 surveys were completed in 6 privately-owned and 26 publicly-owned hospitals located in the Marmara region of Turkey. This study contributes significantly by addressing gaps in the existing literature. There is a lack of empirical research that has examined the potential correlation between TQM, operational success, and financial performance in both public and private hospitals. Especially in developing nations like Turkey, the focus is on the early phases of implementing TQM principles, with a primary emphasis on continuous improvement and sustainable performance. The results demonstrate that Total Quality Management (TQM) exerts a substantial impact on the financial and operational performance of hospitals in the service industry.
The Status of the Saudi Construction Industry during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Almutairi Saud , Bakri Mudthir , AlMunifi Abdullatif A. , Algahtany Mohammed , Aldalbahy Saud
Published: October 2023

The outbreak of COVID-19 has had a profound impact on the Saudi construction industry as well as the country’s economy. The pandemic jeopardized the positive perspectives and growth in megaproject numbers, as it has amplified the constraints that prevent the construction sector from realizing growth. This research work is intended to evaluate the status of the Saudi construction industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to achieve this objective, a three-phased methodology was developed. In the first part of the research, semi-structured interviews with forty industry experts were conducted. The gathered data from both, the literature review and interviews were synthesized. This process resulted in four domains to be explored: project performance measurement, workforce, supply chain, and financial management. The outcomes from phase one were then utilized to develop a questionnaire survey that was communicated to construction firms all over Saudi Arabia, for which 124 responses were received. Data analysis was carried out, and the obtained results were clarified and triangulated through a focus group discussion in the third phase of the research. The outcomes from the mixed-methods research methodology were aggregated to enrich and interpret findings and draw conclusions and recommendations. The findings indicate that the pandemic has had a total of ten core impacts. The highly impacted areas in the industry were the technical performance of projects, reduction in productivity, risk management practices, downsizing the scope of ongoing projects, reduction in new projects or contracts, material shortage, recruitment of manpower in the construction firms and affiliated projects, and the financial performance of the organization. In the meantime, it was found that the government implemented mitigation measures from which the sector benefited, where 27% of contractors obtained Saned system assistance, 51% received cash compensation and 22% received tax postponement. The scope of this study is limited to exploring the status of the Saudi construction industry (SCI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study findings are of added value and represent a significant contribution to the body of knowledge in the field. However, further research on the exit strategies bringing the industry to the new normal, including the use of cutting-edge technologies in the age of multi-faceted disruption would be of great importance.
Small-Scale Freshwater Aquaculture, Income Generation and Food Security in Rural Madagascar
Authors: Angermayr Gianna , Palacio Andrés , Chaminade Cristina
Published: October 2023

This study aims to investigate the nexus between small-scale freshwater aquaculture and poverty-related factors like income generation and food security in rural Madagascar. Evidence of this relationship is scarce in the Global South, particularly in island states. Using linear and logistic regressions and data collected from fish farmers and consumers across six regions in Madagascar in 2021, we obtained significant findings. Extension services, integrated production systems, and higher education are positively correlated with fish-based income generation. For instance, membership in a cooperative can double an aquaculture farmer’s total annual income compared to that of other producers. Wealth is a key determinant of food security, but female decision-makers, fish consumption, and education are also positively correlated with food security. These insights emphasize the vital roles of small-scale aquaculture and women in the household in enhancing livelihoods and food security, underscoring the need for targeted support and policy interventions to foster inclusive and resilient freshwater aquaculture in island states.
Impact of Inertial Forces on Car Occupants in a Vehicle-Fixed Barrier Front Crash
Authors: Karapetkov Stanimir , Uzunov Hristo , Dechkova Silvia , Uzunov Vasil
Published: October 2023

In most cases, the dynamic investigation of vehicle collisions with stationary obstacles concerns solutions to complex tasks related to the identification of occupant position in the vehicle. The motion of the bodies in the car is determined by the intensity of the inertial coordinate system, also known as moving reference frame, invariably fixed to the vehicle’s center of mass. The focus of the study is on how forces of inertia change their magnitude and direction in the car’s motion. This requires specific analysis carried out by dividing the vehicle trajectory into separate stages according to certain indicators, such as free motion, impact process, and post-impact residual motion. Particular attention has been paid to the impact itself, in which the forces of inertia are the most intense, and their magnitude and direction change abruptly. A solution to a Cauchy problem has been found, in which initial kinematic parameters of the crash process are considered, satisfying the kinematic values at rest position.
A Fixed Point Theorem in the Lebesgue Spaces of Variable Integrability Lp(·)
Authors: Amri Amnay , Khamsi Mohamed Amine , Méndez Osvaldo D.
Published: October 2023

We establish a fixed point property for the Lebesgue spaces with variable exponents Lp(·), focusing on the scenario where the exponent closely approaches 1. The proof does not impose any additional conditions. In particular, our investigation centers on ρ-non-expansive mappings defined on convex subsets of Lp(·), satisfying the “condition of uniform decrease” that we define subsequently.
Tobamoviruses: Special Issue Editorial
Authors: Wylie Steve
Published: October 2023

Tobamoviruses are plant-infecting viruses with an ancient lineage, understood to have arisen during the age of the dinosaurs in the Cretaceous period 145–66 million years ago [...]
Hepatitis B Virus Genotype H: Epidemiological, Molecular, and Clinical Characteristics in Mexico
Authors: Panduro Arturo , Roman Sonia , Laguna-Meraz Saul , Jose-Abrego Alexis
Published: October 2023

The hepatitis B virus (HBV), comprising of ten genotypes (A-J), has been a silent threat against humanity, constituting a public health problem worldwide. In 2016, the World Health Organization set forth an impressive initiative for the global elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030. As the target date approaches, many nations, particularly in the Latin American region, face challenges in designing and implementing their respective elimination plan. This review aimed to portray the state of knowledge about the epidemiological, molecular, and clinical characteristics of HBV genotype H (HBV/H), endemic to Mexico. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to compile scientific literature over 50 years (1970–2022). A total of 91 articles were organized into thematic categories, addressing essential aspects such as epidemiological data, risk factors, HBV genotype distribution, HBV mixed infections, clinical characteristics, and vaccination. The prevalence and its associated 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated using the Metafor package in R programming language (version 4.1.2). We provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses in diagnostics and prevention measures that explain the current epidemiological profile of HBV/H. Training, research, and awareness actions are required to control HBV infections in Mexico. These actions should contribute to creating more specific clinical practice guides according to the region’s characteristics. Mexico’s elimination plan for HBV will require teamwork among the government health administration, researchers, physicians, specialists, and civil society advocates to overcome this task jointly.
Real-World Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccine and Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Variants among People Living with HIV on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Central Kerala of India—An Ambi-Directional Cohort Study
Authors: Thomas Joe , Rajmohan Priyanka , Jose Ponnu , Kannan Radhika , Jose Rosmi , Uttumadathil Gopinathan Unnikrishnan , Raphael Lucy , Baiju Nithya M. , Krishna Swathi , Attokaran Teny , Bency A. T Jubina , Venugopal Aiswarya , Sheela Soorya , Kallempadam Akhila , Jose Lee , Innah Susheela J. , Varghese Pulikkottil Raphael , George Alex
Published: October 2023

Background: Vaccine effectiveness for first-generation coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in India remains unexplored. This study entails the estimation of the real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines (AZD1222/Covishield, BBV152/Covaxin) among PLHIV and the identification of variants of SARS-CoV-2 among those infected with COVID-19. Methods: An ambi-directional cohort study was conducted among 925 PLHIV above 18 years of age in two districts of central Kerala, India, from February 2022 to March 2023. Selected PLHIV were recruited as Participant Liaison Officers (PLOs) for the follow-up on the study participants. At enrolment, basic details, baseline CD4 count, and a Nasopharyngeal (NP) swab for RT-PCR were collected. In the follow-up phase, NP swabs were collected from subjects with COVID-19 symptoms. Positive subjects had a CD4 count and genomic sequencing performed. Results: The mean age of the participants was 46.93 ± 11.00 years. The majority, 819 (93.6%), of participants had received at least one dose of any vaccine, while 56 (6.4%) were unvaccinated. A total of 649 (79.24%) participants were vaccinated with Covishield and 169 (20.63%) with Covaxin. In the vaccinated group, 158 (19.3%) reported COVID-19 infection. Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) for one dose of any vaccine was 43.2% (95% CI: 11.8–64.5), p = 0.015. The effectiveness of full vaccination with Covishied was 63.8% (95% CI: 39.3–79.2), p < 0.001, and Covaxin was 73.4% (95% CI: 44.3–87.3). VE was highest, at 60.7% (95% CI: 23.6–81.3), when the two doses of the vaccine were given at an interval of less than 6 weeks. Participants with a baseline CD4 count > 350 had greater protection from COVID-19, at 53.4% (95% CI: 19.6–75.3) p = 0.004. The incident cases were sub-variants of Omicron (BA.2, BA.2.38, BA.2.10). Conclusions: Full vaccination with Covishield and Covaxin was effective against COVID-19 infection among PLHIV on treatment; albeit, that of Covaxin was higher. A gap of 4 to 6 weeks between the two doses of COVID-19 vaccine was found to have higher VE among PLHIV.
Lipid Prospection Based on the Cellular Size of Phytoplankton Communities from Tropical Freshwater Ecosystems: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bautista-Regil Jesús , Sánchez Alberto J. , Salcedo Miguel Ángel , Arredondo-Vega Bertha Olivia , Ruiz-Carrera Violeta
Published: October 2023

Eutrophication-resistant phytoplankton communities in freshwater ecosystems have a novel lipid potential to contribute to the development of tropical regions. The question that arises due to the unsustainability of their eutrophicated waters is how the recognition of the lipids of the resident phytoplankton progresses. Our aim was to provide an overview of the pico-, nano- and micro-cellular lipids of phytoplankton with a focus on eutrophic tropical freshwater ecosystems. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, global and Latin American publications were retrieved based on search equations and specific questions. In total, 490 studies were reviewed. The inclusion criteria, in order, were (1) peer-reviewed articles, (2) articles investigating phytoplankton strains or communities from any aquatic environment, (3) articles on freshwater ecosystems, and (4) research in tropical climates. The contribution of freshwater phytoplankton was high and discontinuous, with a representation of 63% in the 21st century. Freshwater themes were resolved in the ecological context with phytoplankton or algae keywords, while microalgae were targeted using resource use keywords. On the tropical scale, technological themes on lipid microalgae were related to fatty acids, biofuels, biodiesel, antioxidants, and recombinant DNA. It is concluded that studies of the lipid composition of phytoplankton communities are delayed in the case of eutrophic tropical freshwater ecosystems.
Impact of Lockdown on the Surface Water Quality in Kelani River, Sri Lanka
Authors: Yapabandara Isuru , Wei Yuansong , Ranathunga Bimsara , Indika Suresh , Jinadasa K. B. S. N. , Weragoda Sujithra K. , Weerasooriya Rohan , Makehelwala Madhubashini
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 lockdown has been regarded as a catalyst for the restoration of natural water bodies worldwide. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impacts of the lockdown on the water quality of the Kelani River, Sri Lanka. The water quality downstream of the Kelani River Basin was greatly improved during the lockdown season, The concentration of biological oxygen demand (BOD) decreased downstream by ~46% during the lockdown, while that in the middle and upstream reduced by 7.1% and 5.0%, respectively. The concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was diminished by around 65%, 52%, and 43% in downstream, middle stream, and upstream, respectively, in the lockdown season. However, in post-lockdown season, upstream showed the highest spatial variation in nitrate concentration, which may be due to excessive use of fertilizers in that region. Many industries temporarily shut down or scaled back operations during the lockdown, which allowed for a large reduction in the discharge of pollutants, particularly in the river’s downstream region. The river’s water quality showed a significant improvement as a result of temporarily suspending human activities.