bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
School library provision and use: a review of HMI reports
Authors: Berkeley Virginia
Published: March 2008

A survey was undertaken of a sample of HMI reports to analyse their content in respect of school library provision and use on behalf of the LISC Working Party on School Library Services. Fifty-two Primary and Secondary School reports were analysed, and revealed consider able variations. The variations in standard of school library provision are not unexpected, but the survey also identified considerable variations within the reports in the amount of information given by HMIs on school libraries, and a lack of clarity as to the standards being applied by HMIs in assessing the quantity and quality of school library provision. It is suggested that the involvement of specialist librarians in HMI inspections could help to reduce the variability in reports and would enable School Library Services to support improvements in provision where necessary.
The governing role of university library committees in British and Canadian universities
Authors: Cooper Jane
Published: March 2008

A study of the university library committees in six British and six Canadian universities describes and compares the role and effectiveness of the committees in the pattern of university and library governance, their membership, their terms of reference, their operational practices, issues requiring decisions and their perceived influence in the university community. Generally speaking, while the committees in both countries operated in a very similar manner, the British committees played a more prominent role in decision making than their Canadian counterparts.
Young people and books: a review of the research into young people's reading habits
Authors: Carter Carolyn J.
Published: March 2008

The study shows that the majority of research undertaken and published in the UK since 1970 concentrates on the reading habits of the over 7s (particularly the 10 to 15 age group). Whilst further broadly based research into the reading habits of the under 7s is required, research relating to the over 7s should concentrate on specific issues raised by existing research.
French library and information careers
Authors: Clow David
Published: March 2008

This study sets out the basic facts necessary for an understanding of the current problems, trends and tensions in French library and information manpower. It reports on the various types of library and information service in France; on the levels of work within them; on career structures and promotion chances; on the education and qualifications tied into those structures; and on the government's role in maintaining or changing them. A list of abbreviations used, with brief explanations, is appended.
Towards demand-led book acquisitions? Experiences in the University of Sussex Library
Authors: Peasgood Adrian N.
Published: March 2008

The computerization of library circulation systems not only transforms a basic housekeeping activity but also should be able to provide librarians with information about that activity which should contribute to policy making and review. In the University of Sussex Library information about the borrowing of books in various subjects has led to changes in acquisitions policy. Despite the limitations of this measure of demand, the 'prompts'it provides have enabled the library, in a period of falling resources, to improve its basic book provision for today's readers without undue prejudice to the needs of the future.
Information storage and retrieval in UK national newspapers: some effects of change
Authors: Harris Kevin , Nicholas David , Erbach Gertrud
Published: March 2008

The highly publicized upheaval in the UK newspaper industry has brought significant implications for newspaper librarians, particularly with regard to the automation of procedures. This article offers an assessment of the kinds of information used and sought, and the kinds of information handling carried out. The function of the established personal collection is discussed. A more rewarding and prominent role for newspaper librarians in the future is envisaged, with online database use becoming a major factor: with this use will come a desirable transfer of emphasis from storage to retrieval. The apparent failure of some newspapers to include information services and systems in their modernization strategies is criticized.
Through a transponder, darkly: some causes and effects of information and communications technologies- A review article
Authors: Hennessy J.A.
Published: March 2008

This article asks where the new technologies of information and communication are coming from, and where they are going.
A review Article : Writing about academic librarianship
Authors: Lovecy Ian
Published: March 2008

A review of the recently launched British Journal of Academic Librarianship and a brief examination of academic library journals currently available.
Information in the construction industry: quantity surveyors and information technology
Authors: Shoolbred Michael , Miller Peter
Published: March 2008

Within the construction industry, quantity surveyors (QSs) hold a key place as information managers The article reviews a research study of the QS's information use and the impact of IT. QSs tended to be concerned about the facilities available to them. The pressure of time and their experience were key factors in information use. They were frequently suspicious of IT systems and realistic about the problems, especially the financial cost and time pressures. The conclusions suggest that there is an important role for librarians in this industry to promote information services, whether in a manual or an IT- based format.
A new service for those who care: a review article
Authors: Auckland Mary J.
Published: March 2008

This review article notes research into the information-using habits of social scientists and the existence of some well-established bibliographic services as well as those more recently started. It then analyses a new published service— ASSIA—and its potential use.
Performance measurement: a historical perspective
Authors: Goodall Deborah L.
Published: March 2008

Performance measurement is a topic of current interest at both national and local level. This article is a selective historical review of performance measurement from the 1960s to the present day. Despite the plethora of literature on the topic there appears to be a notable lack of progress. Some of the major and most recent work is assessed and the fundamental difficulties in attempting to measure the performance of library services are noted. It is suggested that future work must concentrate on output measures which are both appropriate to the service being provided and easy to understand by all.
The development of user studies at Sheffield University, 1963-88
Authors: Roberts N. , Wilson T.D.
Published: March 2008

The development of user studies at the Department of Information Studies, Sheffield University, is described The research work of students and staff in this area is analysed. Generalizable findings are discussed and attention is drawn to methodological, application and educational implications.
Education for conservation in British library schools: current practices and future prospects
Authors: Feather John , Lusher Anne
Published: March 2008

Conservation of materials has recently become a more urgent issue than for many years past, and is prominent at both national and international levels. It is now seen as an important aspect of collection management, and it is in that context that it is appearing in library school curricula. A recent study undertaken by the authors, with funding from BLR&DD and BLHSS (Preservation Services), has shown that the schools are reflecting the growing interest of practitioners and students in this area of librarianship.
The design of a Chinese/English library system: a Hong Kong librarian's perspective
Authors: Cheng Grace
Published: March 2008

This article gives an overview of the major considerations and problems in designing a Chinese/English library system outside of China, Taiwan and the USA. It investigates the international scene in Chinese data processing. Questions on input methods, the machine representation of Chinese characters, the availability and suitability of Chinese input-output systems and bibliographic utilities on the market, and the MARC formats and data structure of library systems are explored. This leads to the logical conclusion that standardization is of prime importance in the automation of Chinese systems. Without it, librarians will have to make difficult decisions and face the consequence of not being able to communicate and share resources.
The BNB Research Fund: cutting across the boundaries
Authors: Greenwood Derek
Published: March 2008

This article describes the work of the BNB Research Fund, which is administered by the British Library Research and Development Department Terms of reference and major activities of the fund are included A number of areas for future research are identified
Charges in libraries: a view from the German Democratic Republic
Authors: Polden Andrea
Published: March 2008

The publication in the Federal Republic of Germany of a report on charging for library services makes possible a comparison of the situation there and in the United Kingdom
The life of Bryan: Australian library and information services, yesterday, today and tomorrow
Authors: Steele Colin
Published: March 2008

In this review article an analysis of Australian library and information services past, present and future is provided in the context of three recent publications which reflect, in particular, the role and influence of Dr Harrison Bryan, former Director-General of the National Library of Australia, on Australian librananship Overviews are given of issues such as national collection coordination, library networking, document delivery and the role of national librarians Such matters are universal and the Australian experience provides a valuable source for comparative librarianship, as well as an indication of the role of individuals in the achievement or non-achievement of national library goals within a political framework.
Libraries, information and Europe
Authors: Cunningham George
Published: March 2008

More and more initiatives in library and information services are emanating from the European Community The Community's interest m improving its economic performance in information technology has led to proposals for the computerization of library services, resulting m a draft 5-year plan for financial support The cultural work of the Community is expanding and documents are under discussion about a Community policy on books and reading. The Council of Europe, with a much wider membership than the Community, is also active in this field In addition to general issues, the Community has initiated proposals on copyright, book prices, taxation of books and the compulsory acceptance in all member states of library and information qualifications gamed m any member state The European aspect of governmental activity not only cannot be ignored but calls for very close attention.
The Conspectus experience
Authors: Matheson Ann
Published: March 2008

The Conspectus methodology was applied by the consortium of 11 research libraries in Scotland that meet together regularly in the Working Group on Library Co-operation, which seeks actively to promote interlibrary cooperation. The programme was implemented in Scotland during a 10-month period in a deliberately devised 'fast-track' approach, and the resulting Conspectus information is now available to the libraries that participated in the programme via the Conspectus online search system developed by the British Library. This article describes the Scottish experience of using Conspectus.
School library support services: a review article
Authors: Heeks Peggy
Published: March 2008

Two recent reports provide new information on school library services, the support agencies operated by most English library authorities. Peggy Heeks analyses some of their findings, and relates these to her current research project, Supports to Learning: School Library Services in the UK.
Human/computer interface design in Windows-based CD-ROMs: an early review
Authors: Rowley Jennifer
Published: March 2008

Analyses some of the components of graphical user interfaces (GUI), applied to CD-ROM databases (windows, dialogue boxes, menus, commands, buttons, check boxes and icons) and remarks on the degree to which these are based on Windows software. Notes the constraints to GUIs that still remain even after databases have appeared in the marketplace: particularly mouse based prob lems. Discusses ways of evaluating GUIs and their specific components and reports a study of databases in which these types of interfaces are used. Notes the significant variability between products in the way that they apply GUIs and discusses whether database users would benefit from a certain degree of standardization in the basic interface structure using GUIs, or whether users would prefer greater control over the design of the local user interface. Concludes that the introduction of Windows based CD-ROM databases with graphical user interfaces will increasingly revolutionize the design of such data bases. Makes 3 recommendations that would aim to enhance the user friend liness of CD-ROM interfaces: research to develop criteria for evaluating interfaces in the GUI environment; standardization of interface design between some products, particularly for novice users; and facilities to allow experienced users to develop and tailor their own interface design.
Library evaluation and pulic policy: a French view
Authors: Giappiconi Thierry
Published: March 2008

Stresses the general political and specific public policy issues impinging on the activity of library evaluation, with particular reference to the evaluation process undertaken by Fresnes Public Library, France. Concludes that the process of evaluation presupposes the setting of objectives and therefore must involve in depth analyses of the social functions that can be expected of public libraries, involving the consideration of: management and public policy; the public interest; library management and democracy; definition and choice of objectives and indicators.
Theft and damage in an academic library: the student experience
Authors: Gregson Mick , Hocking Allison
Published: March 2008

Reports results of a research project designed to gather information on the prevalence of theft in a large university library in England with particular ref erence to students' attitudes towards theft and damage, its effect on their study ing and on their preferred methods for its reduction. A sample of students from 3 main degrees within the Social Science Faculty were invited to small focus groups to discuss issues relating to library theft. Findings from these groups were used to structure a detailed anonymous student questionnaire survey, the results of which are reported and analysed using the SPSS sta tistical package. The survey established: the extent to which students stole or damaged library books or knew other people who did so; the extent to which theft affected their studies; their attitudes to theft; and the relative popular ity of different security measures and penalties. It was generally concluded that students are affected by library theft and are concerned about its impact on their studies. Although students supported the use of penalties for those students who steal or damage library materials, they did not support the intro duction of surveillance based security measures. Stresses the importance of involving students on a partnership basis in running the library and making the library a more positive place to work.
The information professional: attitudes and images
Authors: Fleck Isabel , Bawden David
Published: March 2008

Reports results of a study designed to provide information on the perception of the library and information professional, in the context of a special library and information service (LIS), with a user group of professionals from other specialities. The study focused on 2 different professional user groups: legal professionals in a law firm LIS, and medical professionals in a medical school LIS. The primary aim of the study was to establish, by means of a ques tionnaire survey, interview and case study approach, how the LIS was viewed by its users, and how, specifically, its professional library staff were compared to other professionals. The study also investigated the source of, and solution for, any poor professional image that may be found to exist. As a starting point, professional image was taken to be composed of: professional title, profess ional role, capability, behaviour, and social status. Results, from 2 different professional environments, gave remarkably similar results in which the LIS was highly regarded by its users, but seen as fulfilling very much a ser vice oriented and reactive function rather than a dynamic or proactive func tion. LIS staff are regarded as being efficient, intelligent and helpful, possessing specialized knowledge, and undertaking a range of tasks beyond the routine and traditional. They are seen as unambitious people, whose satisfaction lies in helping others to achieve their ends. Other results and con clusions are reported.
Information and business performance: a study of information systems and services in high-performing companies
Authors: Owens Ian , Wilson T. D. , Abell Angela
Published: March 2008

Reports results of research into the relationship between effective information systems and business performance. The project involved a case study of 12 companies, selected as being ‘high performing’ according to specified criteria (profitability, productivity, quality, peer evaluation, and export success) and an interview and questionnaire survey technique which investigated: use of information technology to deliver information services, coverage of both internal and external information and data; constitution of the knowledge base; risks to the knowledge base caused by dependency on individuals rather than systems; value of key company staff to the value of information as a contributor to performance; and how far the company can be described as having an information ethos, through which the value of information is conveyed to all workers. Results were used to construct a Research Model of information flows within companies using the variables identified. Findings proved the legitimacy of the research model and validated the interconnected variables studied. Additional variables identified, including environmental factors and internal organizational factors led to the design of an Expanded Research Model.
European Union information: an investigation of need amongst public library users in three Scottish authorities
Authors: Marcella Rita , Baxter Graeme
Published: March 2008

Reports results of a British Library funded study, undertaken by the School of Information and Media, Robert Gordon University with the help of three public libraries services (Aberdeen, Glasgow and Moray), to investigate the provision of European Union (EU) information in UK public libraries, and in particular the implementation of the Public Information Relay (PIR), a European Commission sponsored initiative designed to bring EU information closer to the UK public through the existing public library network. Focuses on one particular element of the project: a questionnaire survey of the user needs of public library users on their past use of public libraries and other sources of European information. Results indicated a growing actual and predicted level of need for European information and an awareness of the potential significance of EU information: which bodes well for the future of PIR. However, results also demonstrated the significance to public library users of European information for educational, business related and employment reasons, none of which are seen to lie within the remit of PIR, which is seen as focusing on the ‘general citizen’. (The full results of the study are published as a British Library Research and Innovation Report (no. 19) and in an abridged form in Library Management, 18, (1) 1997, 7-41).
Costing of bibliographic ser vices
Authors: Broady J. E.
Published: March 2008

Although traditionally costing is an activity which information professionals have not needed to undertake, increasing emphasis on demonstrating value for money in service provision has led to a growing awareness of the need to cost service activity. Discusses the basics of costing library activities, noting types of costs (direct costs and indirect costs; fixed costs and variable costs). Describes two basic approaches to costing marginal costing and total absorption or absorption costing and illustrates the principles involved, using library based examples. Argues that, although librarians focus on the needs of their users, they must have a knowledge of and an ability to undertake costing if they are to provide services that are effectively designed and delivered. Concludes that, without such knowledge and ability, library managers must eventually lose their central role in the planning and control of these services.
Some post-war models of the information chain
Authors: Duff Alistair S.
Published: March 2008

Reviews the literature of the information chain, analogous to ecology’s food chain, taking the Royal Society Scientific Information Conference, 1948, as the seminal point. Describes eight successive models of the information chain each incorporating contemporary thoughts and experiences. Each model is labelled with the year to which it may be said to refer: Distribution of Scientific Information 1948; Document Network 1967; Dissemination of Scientific and Technical Information 1978; Structure of Scientific Literature 1979; Ecosystem of Scientific Communication 1980; Information Chain 1988; Information Chain 1989; Pathways of Information Flow 1993. Although of wide applicability, the focus of interest for information scientists tends to be the communication of learned information.
The use of information technology in academic libraries in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Siddiqui Moid A.
Published: March 2008

Reports results of a questionnaire survey of the availability and use of information technology (computers, networks, electronic mail, online information retrieval, CD-ROMs, facsimile transmission, personal computers (PCs) and the Internet) in seven University libraries in Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, Islamic University, Medina, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, King Abdulaziz University, Imam Mohammed bin Saud Islamic University, King Faisal University and Umm Al-Qura University). Determines the diversity of computerized library systems, databases and services used in the libraries. Lists the most widely used systems (DOBIS and MINISIS) and the numbers of online and CD-ROM databases acquired by specific libraries.
Business information developments: the Russian experience 1989-1997
Authors: Konn Tania
Published: March 2008

The relative freedom introduced into Russian markets following the transition from the Soviet Union created strong demands for types of business information previously unavailable and unwanted. Reviews the dramatic changes, between 1989 and 1997, in three related and interacting business information sectors: the external business information sector (based outside Russia with especially strong representation in the UK, USA and Germany; the English language business information sector, maintained by Russian agencies and providing services and products aimed at external business information markets; and the internal Russian language business information sector. The English language business information sector includes companies and contacts, financial information, comment and analysis, legal aspects and outreach. The internal business information sector is characterized by the adoption of electronic formats for information dissemination: online services; electronic mail; Internet; CD-ROMs; and diskettes. The current situation reflects a variable acceptance of Western models of supply and likely demand. A key problem is the search for new roles for existing institutions and the creation of new institutions to meet business information requirements. Concludes with a select list of printed periodical and World Wide Web sources of Russian business information.
Parents and their information needs
Authors: Nicholas David , Marden Mary
Published: March 2008

Reports results of a British Library, Research and Innovation Centre (BLRIC) supported project, conducted by City University, Department of Information Science, to study the information needs of parents, with children under the age of five, residing in the London Borough of Haringey, UK. The parents’ needs were studied using group and individual interviews, involving 53 parents and five representatives of parents’ organizations. Most parents needed information about child development, school, children’s behaviour and careers, training and education. The commonest need was for information on health and child care. Significant differences were found between the needs of single mothers, older women, fathers and ethnic minority parents. Information currency and authority was found to matter, parents turned to a wide variety of sources but oral information sources (professionals, friends and family) were the most important. Despite the fact that a large proportion of the parents used public libraries for other reasons, they were not looked upon as a key, or even a minor, source of parental information. Concludes that parents’ needs for information on schools, finance and child behaviour are largely unmet. (These results were also reported in British Library Research and Innovation Centre (BLRIC) report No. 56, 1996 with an introduction to the study in Aslib Proceedings, 49 (1) Jan 1997, 5-7).
Out of the cold: libraries in the Baltic States after communism
Authors: West Samantha , Lowe Michael
Published: March 2008

Points to the unique cultural, ethnic and linguistic identities of the three Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; despite being for many years under the political and economic sway of one large neighbour or another. For over 500 years, the state of libraries and librarianship has been a reliable measure of varying degrees of freedom and subjugation in these countries. Traces the influences of religion, academic and private collections, Russian rule and the emergence of nationalism, the development of professional librarianship, independence following World War 1, and domination by the Soviet Union. Shows not only the effects of politics on libraries but also their counterbalancing role. Documents past preoccupations with Soviet propaganda and censorship with a view to assessing the current state of libraries as they enter a new era of political freedom, information technology and co-operation. Notes specific projects aimed at establishing Web sites and online public access catalogues (OPACs) in individual countries. Concludes that the fundamental steps to developing Baltic library networks and to decentralize the library system have been firmly established. Attributes these advancements to the unity of the people in their single minded determination to regain and promote the strong national identity that they feel has been denied them for so long.
Internet services in Danish public libraries
Authors: Ormes Sarah
Published: March 2008

Considers the potential value of the Internet for public libraries in Denmark with particular reference to three case studies, each focusing on a specific public library, selected because of their innovative use of the Internet in their services. The public libraries selected were: Roskilde; Silkeborg and Århus. Roskilde public library offers public Internet access on a large scale and developed new policies to manage this new service. Silkeborg operates in a management structure which is ideally suited for a library developing information technology (IT) services. Arhus is an example of a library that is changing its structure and focus due to its development of IT services. The 1995 Library and Information Commission public library Internet survey of UK public libraries is used as comparative measure. Concludes that there are many opportunities to learn from this Danish study and the three most important differences from UK libraries are that the libraries have: a strong vision of what their role will be in the information society; a management culture which encourages staff to have more control over their work and to look on change as a challenge rather than a threat; and the ability to be flexible and look for funding from outside of normal sources. Danish libraries put great emphasis on developing children’s Internet services.
Public libraries, public interest and the information society
Authors: Kerslake Evelyn , Kinnell Margaret
Published: March 2008

Draws on recent literature from the fields of library and information science, communication studies and social sciences to discuss the issues underpinning current attempts to justify public library provision of information in a social context where information is beginning to be seen as a commodity. Discusses the conventional rationale for public library provision, defines the social impact of public libraries and places it in a historical context. Considers the present urgency of current concerns with particular reference to funding. Concludes that research and demonstration programmes in this field aim to provide new evidence about the effectiveness and value of public libraries. The rationale for public libraries must take into account their continuing vital function as a promoter of citizenship and democracy.
To buy or not to buy - questions about the exchange of publications between the former Soviet Bloc countries and the West in the 1990s
Authors: Ladizesky Kathleen , Hogg Ron
Published: March 2008

International exchange of publications between libraries has long been a successful solution to the problem of barter where no absolute value is calculable and only the value to the institutions is involved. The rapid changes in the fortunes of countries of the former Soviet Bloc have made this popular method of acquiring publications from the West even more attractive than ever. Focuses on the exchange acquisition of periodicals, in comparison with direct purchase, with particular reference to the role of the British Library, Boston Spa and illustrated by means of country by country statistical data and notes on the 1997 deselection process undertaken by the British Library Slavonic Acquisitions Section at Boston Spa. Presents arguments for and against exchange agreements with brief notes of opinions expressed by US slavonic librarians through the media of the Slavlibs electronic mail forum, 1997 American Library Association Conference and 7th Annual Slavic Librarians’ Workshop. Concludes that the necessity for libraries to obtain publications by exchange has changed. From being an indispensable acquisitions medium in the 1980s, it is now considered more economical to obtain publications by purchase. In the 1990s, cutbacks have forced librarians in the West to examine the way in which they allocate tightened budgets. While librarians still believe in the value of exchanges, where possible they prefer to purchase.
Rural citizens’ information needs
Authors: Beer Susan F. , Marcella Rita , Baxter Graeme
Published: March 2008

Reports results of a study of the rural information needs in the Shetland Islands areas aimed at gaining a greater understanding of the operation of the Shetland Islands Citizens Advice Bureau (SICAB). The objectives were: to analyse the operation of the Citizens Advice Bureau in Lerwick and the use made of it by clients; and to gather data on the information and advice requirements of the rural population via interviews with 50 leaders within the rural community who might be consulted by those needing information and advice, within two parishes in the North Mainland of Shetland. Those interviewed included: social workers; nurses; doctors youth and community workers; teachers, care workers; shopkeepers, a tenants association representative; and both Community and Shetland Islands Councillors. Findings suggest that these community leaders are acting as a major rural advice and information source and that provision could be greatly enhanced if greater use were made of the Citizens Advice Bureau as a resource whose trained staff and library could provide a wider and more current knowledge base. Concludes with suggestions for publicizing SICAB services and making them more easily accessible for people who are wary of being perceived as being in need of advice.
Is the female of the species less ambitious than the male?
Authors: Jones Clare , Goulding Anne
Published: March 2008

Reports the results of a research project (‘Career attitudes of females in the library and information profession, MA dissertation’), undertaken at the Department of Information and Library Studies, Loughborough University, UK, into the attitudes of women library and information professionals towards their careers. The study approached the issue by analysing the attitudes of library and information students to examine whether there is a difference in the career attitudes and aspirations between men and women. The questionnaire survey was split into three sections: background information; qualifications; and future career plans. Concludes that there is little difference between male and female attitudes toward their careers in terms of ambition, aspiration and commitment. In themselves, women’s career attitudes are not a barrier to their progression into senior library management, but social and organizational factors, particularly attitudes towards families, partners, parents, children, friends and wider social commitments, have a greater negative effect on female career attitudes than those of males. For women to become truly equal in the workplace, changes to organizational structures, which place emphasis on long and rigid working hours and overtime, need to take place and options such as career breaks, part time work and flexible working hours must be given more professional credibility by senior management.
Classifying Web sites and Web pages
Authors: Koehler Wallace C.
Published: March 2008

Points to the way in which computer scientists and librarians working with the World Wide Web are turning to traditional library and information science techniques, such as cataloguing and classification, to bring order to the chaos of the Web. Explores cataloguing opportunities offered by the ephemeral nature of materials on the Web and examines several of the latter’s unique characteristics. Suggests the coupling of automated filtering and measuring to the Web record cataloguing process, with particular reference to the ephemeral nature of Web documents and the ability to measure Uniform Resource Locator (URL) and Web document characteristics and migrate them to catalogue records using automated procedures. Reports results of an ongoing longitudinal study of 361 randomly selected Web pages and their Web sites, the data being collected weekly using the Flashsite 1.01 software package. Four basic approaches to ordering information on the Web were studied: postcoordinate keyword and full-text indexes; application of both precoordinate and postcoordinate filters or identifiers to the native document by either authors or indexers; use of thesauri and other classification schemes; and bibliometric techniques employing mapping of hypertext links and other citation systems. Concludes that off-the-shelf technology exists that allows the monitoring of Web sites and Web pages to ‘measure’ Web page and Web site characteristics, to process quantified changes, and to write those changes to bibliographic records. Capturing semantic or meaningful change is more complex, but these can be approximated using existing software.
Training for information technology at King Abdulaziz University Librar y
Authors: Qari Abdulghafoor A.
Published: March 2008

Describes the training issues and concerns raised by the rapidly growing provision of online library services, including: online public access catalogues (OPACs); CD-ROM databases; full-text databases; online document delivery and access to the Internet and World Wide Web (in the near future), at King Abdulaziz University Library (KAUL), Saudi Arabia. Outlines the training programmes developed by the Central Library to meet the needs of users of these online services. Training priorities included: the provision of librarians with the necessary confidence and competence in using information technology (IT); and the training of library users (academic staff and students) to help them cope with the ever changing environment of the library. The Arabian Advance Systems company (agents for SilverPlatter, UMI, DIALOG and Bowker-Saur in Saudi Arabia) arranged a one week in-house training course, in CD-ROM and online searching, for the staff working in the CD-ROM information network department. Similar courses were run for branch librarians in various associated colleges. Other courses involved self-study, telephone and video based training. Concludes with notes on the campus user training programme, which is limited to academic staff, demonstrators, assistant lecturers and postgraduate students, and the evening advanced training programmes. The Library was satisfied with the success of their efforts to help users to find their way through the Library’s IT facilities.
New trends in library and information fields and the implications for continuing education
Authors: Kigongo-Bukenya I. M.N.
Published: March 2008

Lists and describes the major trends in the library and information profession, including: changing environment; agitation from employers, associations, students and users; new technology, transparency with which information is communicated; differentiation in the profession; special groups; internationalization; interdisciplinarianism; and harmonization. Considers the implications of these trends for the achievement of the objectives of continuing education both in general and in the Eastern and Southern Region of Africa.
Users’ awareness and use of science and technology collections at the University of Science and Technology (UST) libraries
Authors: Boakye Joseph
Published: March 2008

Reports results of a survey, undertaken by the University of Science and Technology, Ghana (UST), to determine the extent to which students, lecturers and research follows are aware and make use of the science and technology collections. Tests the hypothesis that maximum use is limited by lack of awareness of some of the available collections. A set of questionnaires were administered to 582 (12.1%) out of 4846 students pursuing science and technology related courses, another to 60 lecturers and research fellows in the science and technology faculties and a third to the librarians concerned. The University Librarian was also interviewed. Result: 24.9% of students and 7.4% of lecturers and research fellows were not aware of some available collections relevant to their studies, teaching and research. In addition, 21.6% of the students and 14.8% of lecturers and research fellows did not use the libraries at all. Reviews the factors affecting awareness and use of library collections: competence in library use skills; library promotion strategies; current awareness services; and attitudes towards users by library staff. Presents a comprehensive range of recommendations to improve user awareness, including a well planned library training programme; better shelf labelling; and automation of library functions.
Successful treatment of amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia with anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab) in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Fukushima T , Dong L , Sakai T , Sawaki T , Miki M , Tanaka M , Masaki Y , Hirose Y , Kuwana M , Umehara H
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia is an extremely rare disorder in systemic lupus erythematosus, and its mechanism and treatment are still largely unknown. We describe a 42-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus who presented various clinical manifestations of life-threatening amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (10,000 platelets/mm3 with a marked decrease of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow), proteinuria, psychosis, refractory chylothorax, ascites, and type II diabetes caused by the anti-insulin receptor autoantibody. She was initially treated with prednisolone (25–50 mg/day) and cyclosporine A (200 mg/day) without any improvement in severe thrombocytopenia. However, her clinical symptoms, including platelet counts, dramatically improved, with a concurrent decrease in the anti-c-Mpl antibody, an autoantibody against the thrombopoietin receptor, after a subsequent treatment with rituximab (375 mg/m2 intravenously, weekly, for two consecutive weeks). Our case suggested that amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus might be mediated by the anti-c-Mpl antibody and could be treated with rituximab through elimination of pathogenic B cells producing autoimmune antibodies.
Systemic lupus erythematosus in the Fars Province of Iran
Authors: Nazarinia MA , Ghaffarpasand F , Shamsdin A , Karimi AA , Abbasi N , Amiri A
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been described from different geographical regions in the world. However, data from many Middle East countries, including Iran, are scarce. This study aims to demonstrate the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics in Iranian patients with SLE. In this prospective study, all the patients referring to Shiraz educational hospitals (Nemazi–Hafez) with SLE (American College of Rheumatology criteria) during a 5-year period (2001 to 2006) were included. A complete history was taken; physical examination and routine hematological, serological, and immunological tests were done for each patient. There were 356 women and 54 men with an average age of 30.27 years at the onset of disease. Of the patients, 78% had hematological abnormalities, 65.5% had articular involvement, 54.5% had photosensitivity, and 60.5% had malar rash. Serositis occurred in 38% of patients of whom 12% had pericarditis and 26% had pleuritis. Nephritis was diagnosed in 48% of the cases and consisted always of glomerular nephritis. Biopsy-proven lupus nephritis was in most cases class IV(49.7% of all the biopsies). Oral ulcers were observed in 28% of patients. Neuropsychiatric manifestations, gastrointestinal involvement, and lymphadenopathy were observed in 31.5%, 8.3%, and 14.2% of patients, respectively. In all, 93% of patients were positive for antinuclear antibodies, whereas antidouble-stranded DNA was positive in 83% of patients. Coomb’s positive hemolytic anemia appeared in 12.4% of the cases. Rheumatoid factor was detected in 9.7% of patients, and lupus erythematosus cell was seen in 32.5% of them. In all, 196 (47.8%) patients represented hypocomplementemia. Regarding hematological manifestations, 74.5% had microcytic hypochromic anemia, 64.6% had leukopenia, and 44.6% had thrombocytopenia; 18 (4.4%) patients died during the study period of which eight (2%) died because of cardiopulmonary involvement. Generally, there was more cutaneous, serositis, and neuropsychiatric involvement in our population than other Middle East countries. Serositis was associated with poorer prognosis, and the pattern of disease in these patients was much more sever than patients without serositis ( P = 0.001). This is the first study of its kind in Iran. More multicenter studies should be undertaken in Iran to describe the pattern of SLE.
Time to seizure occurrence and damage in PROFILE, a multi-ethnic systemic lupus erythematosus cohort
Authors: Ramsey-Goldman R , Alarcón GS , McGwin G , Petri M , Vilá LM , Edberg JC , Reveille JD , Kimberly RP
Published: March 2008

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine risk factors predicting seizures and damage caused by seizures in a multi-ethnic systemic lupus erythematosus cohort (PROFILE) that includes systemic lupus erythematosus patients ( n = 1295) from five different US institutions. Only patients with seizures after systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis (incident) were included in the analyses of clinical seizures (80/1295, 6.2%), but all patients (prevalent and incident) were included in the analyses of damage caused by seizures (51/1295, 3.9%). We examined socioeconomic–demographic, clinical, and genetic variables predictive of clinical seizures and damage from seizures by Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Independent predictors of a shorter time to the occurrence of clinical seizures were younger age (HR = 1.0; 95% CI 0.9–1.0), having Hispanic-Texan ethnicity (HR = 2.7; 95% CI 1.3–5.7) or African-American ethnicity (HR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.0–3.1), and the previous occurrence of a cerebrovascular accident (HR = 3.3; 95% CI 1.6–7.1) or an episode of psychosis (HR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.1–5.0), whereas the previous occurrence of photosensitivity (HR = 0.5; 95% CI 0.3–0.9) was the only independent predictor of a longer time to the occurrence of clinical seizures. Independent predictors of a shorter time to the occurrence of damage caused by seizures were younger age (HR = 1.0; 95% CI 0.9–1.0), male gender (HR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.1–5.4), and the occurrence of a previous cerebrovascular accident (HR = 2.7; 95% CI 1.0–7.0) or an episode of psychosis (HR = 4.7; 95% CI 2.3–9.9). No allele from the candidate genes examined ( HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, FCGR2A, FCGR3A, or FCG3B) predicted clinical seizures or damage caused by seizures.
Lupus: improving long-term prognosis
Authors: Doria A , Briani C
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Over recent decades short- and medium-term survival has greatly improved in patients affected with systemic lupus erythematosus, but long-term prognosis still remains poor mainly due to complications of the disease and/or its treatment. To improve long-term prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus, we should try to adopt, early in the disease course, strategies that can contribute to reducing long-term complications, including screening for and prophylaxis against infections, control of risk factors for atherosclerosis, and cancer surveillance. However, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus all these preventive strategies are often not sufficient. Indeed, two important systemic lupus erythematosus–related factors play a relevant role in all these complications: severe disease manifestations, such as glomerulonephritis and central nervous system involvement, and corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide use. Therefore, to prevent long-term complications, we should try to control disease activity and severity using the lowest effective dosage of these drugs. Moreover, strategies directed at preventing clinical manifestations in asymptomatic antinuclear antibody–positive individuals or in antiphospholipid antibody–positive systemic lupus erythematosus patients, as well as at preventing severe manifestations in patients with mild systemic lupus erythematosus at the time of the diagnosis should be considered.
Stratified and randomized play-the-winner rule
Authors: Liang Yuanyuan , Carriere Kimmie Chough
Published: March 2008

In this paper, a new allocation rule for treatment assignments in sequential clinical trials is proposed. The stratified and randomized play-the-winner rule (SRPWR) is an extension of the randomized play-the-winner rule to more than two treatments. It is applicable to cases where the probabilities of success of a treatment depend on both treatments and known confounders (e.g., patient's age, gender and disease status). On average, demonstrate that the SRPWR assigns more patients to the better treatment, while eliminating the selection bias and allowing delayed responses to treatments.