bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some notes on transferring proper names in “Ukrainian orthography” of 2019
Authors:   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Yefymenko Іryna
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the state of codification of proper names in the latest edition of the “Ukrainian orthography” (2019). Our task was to identify and analyze the main changes in the spelling rules for personal and geographical names, as well as to pay attention to certain problems in their codification, answering primarily the following questions: what complex issues of the spelling of proper names are not fully resolved or are not reflected in the current spelling and what spelling points require correction or addition? The analysis revealed inconsistencies and sometimes contradictions in some of the recommendations on the spelling of proper names given in the analyzed section of the current “Ukrainian orthography”. In particular, one of the problematic issues is the transmission of non-Ukrainian proper names from Slavonic (primarily closely related) languages into Ukrainian. The issues that should have been reflected in the analyzed section also include the formation and spelling of detoponymic adjectives. In addition to these problematic issues, the study also revealed so-called formal shortcomings in the coverage and presentation of material in the section “Orthography of proper names”, namely: not always clear structure of the section, cumbersome wording of some rules, incorrect use of linguistic terms, etc. There are many comments about the illustrative material: the presence of irrelevant examples for the rules, cases of illustratin different rules with the same example, insufficient or absent examples for some spelling rules. The analysis made it possible to make certain corrections and additions to the current spelling rules, as well as to formulate a number of recommendations for spelling proper names that have not been covered by the spelling rules to date. The recommendations provided in the course of the study will hopefully expand the range of rules presented in the current “Ukrainian orthography” and will contribute to further improvement of the section Spelling of proper names” of the current spelling, which requires further careful study and discussion in a narrow circle of specialists in the theory and practice of teaching orthography. Keywords: orthography, orthography norm, proper names, personal names, geographical names, place names, toponymic adjectives.
Predicting Lead-Time RSV-Related Pediatric Hospitalizations From Historic Google Trend Search
Authors: Bhatt Parth , Parmar Narendrasinh , Parekh Tarang , Pemmasani Sahithi , Shaikh Nadia , Boateng Angela Jochebed , Donda Keyur , Doshi Harshit , Dapaah-Siakwan Fredrick
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes seasonal outbreaks of respiratory tract infections in children, leading to increased emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Although the risk of severe illnesses difficult to predict, the sudden surge in RSV may strain the health care system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the utility of Google Trends search activity on RSV to predict changes in RSV-related hospitalizations in children in the United States in 2019.

METHODS

A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of pediatric hospitalization was conducted using the 2019 HCUP-Kids Inpatient Database. Google Trends search activity for “RSV” was abstracted as a monthly relative interest score for 2019. RSV-related hospitalizations were identified using International Classification of Diseases 9/10 codes. We applied finite distributed lag models to estimate the causal effect over time of historical relative search activity and long-run propensity to calculate the cumulative effect of changes in relative search activity on admission rate.

RESULTS

Of the total 102 127 RSV-related pediatric hospitalizations, 90% were in those aged ≤2 years. Admissions were common in males (55%), non-Hispanic Whites (50%), and South region (39%). Across 2o successive months, the cumulative effect of a 1-unit score increase in relative interest was associated with an increase of 140.7 (95% confidence interval, 96.2–185.2; P < .05) RSV-related admissions.

CONCLUSIONS

Historic Google Trends search activity for RSV predicts lead-time RSV-related pediatric hospitalization. Further studies are needed to validate these findings using regional health systems.
Towards greening – benefits and challenges of the green revolution
Authors: Stoyanov Konstantin , Mutafov Emil , Zheliazkov George , Zaimova Darina
Published: October 2023

Our present economy, which is strongly dependent on fossil raw materials, is gradually changing into an economy based mainly on renewable raw materials. The European Union has given a very strong political signal to support the green economy across Europe. The European climate strategy and the transition to a decarbonized economy indeed call for a deep transformation of the production, and consumption in the Community. This process either can be described as a transition, generally defined as the process of changing from one state or condition to another, or in a more restricted sense, transition leading to an entirely new way of fulfilling societal needs. In this process, we are referring to the two sides of the human-nature relation - the principle of ecological dependence, and the principle of ecological impact.
The goal of this article is to review main effects on the environment influenced by bioeconomy implementation and sustainable agriculture. Particular attention will be also given to the EU’s Green Agenda and the impact of its implication over the quality and efficiency of education and science, entrepreneurial level, market adaptability.
Addition of two species to the Maltese flora: Lythrum tribracteatum Salzm. ex Spreng. (Lythraceae) and Poa maroccana Nannf. (Poaceae)
Authors: Tavilla Gianmarco , Minissale Pietro , Camilleri Leanne , Lanfranco Sandro
Published: October 2023

During a fieldwork in Malta in 2023, we discovered two species of plant previously unknown to the Maltese flora, Lythrum tribracteatum Salzm. ex Spreng. and Poa maroccana Nannf. Specific information on their morphology and ecology is provided.
A Call to Address Gaps in Spiritual Care Education
Authors: Aird Ruth , O’Neill Maureen
Published: October 2023

These scoping reviews challenge the dissonance between policies on the delivery of spiritual care (SC) to clients in institutions and the education required to perform that delivery. The authors discovered a paucity of literature relating to Scotland regarding healthcare support workers’ SC education and little more regarding that for nurses. There were various gaps in the understanding of SC, planning in the curriculum for SC and subsequent learning by students. The conclusion of this article is that as SC is embedded in human rights policy and government health and social care standards, the educational and professional governing bodies should be responsible for ensuring that SC features in all healthcare training, which should include SC assessment in the curriculum as a way of learning and endorsing knowledge. Specialist knowledge should either be available in colleges and universities or brought in to deliver education.
Moyse, A. (2022). Resourcing Hope for Ageing and Dying in a Broken World: Wayfaring Through Despair
Authors: Simmons William
Published: October 2023

Moyse, A. (2022). Resourcing Hope for Ageing and Dying in a Broken World: Wayfaring Through Despair. London: Anthem Press, 162 pp. (hbk). ISBN: 9781785278617.
Chryssides, G. D., and Cohn-Sherbok, D. (Eds.) (2023). The Covid Pandemic and the World’s Religions
Authors: Kissack Fran
Published: October 2023

Chryssides, G. D., and Cohn-Sherbok, D. (Eds.) (2023). The Covid Pandemic and the World’s Religions. London: Bloomsbury, 256 pp. (pbk). ISBN: 9781350349636.
Ulía
Authors: Parmigiani Giovanna
Published: October 2023

Ulía is the word for olive in the Salento area of Italy. Ulía is also the word meaning’ I’d like to/ love to’, in the local dialect. The linguistic assonances are only one of the many dimensions that link olive trees and humanity, past and future, nature and desire. Recently, Salento’s hundreds-years-old olive trees have been attacked by a disease called Xylella Fastidiosa. In this paper, I analyze the presence and role of both Pagan and non-Pagan ‘neo-animist’ political discourses oriented toward the cure, preservation, tutelage and guardianship of Salento’s olive trees under threat of felling and eradication.
Kathryn Gin Lum, Heathen: Religion and Race in American History
Authors: York Michael
Published: October 2023

Kathryn Gin Lum, Heathen: Religion and Race in American History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2022), 368 pp., $35 (hbk), ISBN: 9780674976771.
Fairies, Environmental Justice, and Re-Enchantment in Modern Pagan Narratives
Authors: Magliocco Sabina , Rittman Sadie
Published: October 2023

This paper examines contemporary Pagan narratives about fairies, revealing themes of re-enchantment, environmental grief, and environmental justice. In these narratives, fairies are often portrayed as nature spirits and protectors of the environment who warn humans of impending disaster and suggest techniques for re-enchanting the physical environment through practices that create reciprocal relationships between humans and nature, change consciousness, and allow humans to experience an interconnected, ensouled universe. These narratives can be interpreted as belonging to a category of folk environmentalism in which expressive cultural forms provide resources for communities coping with environmental grief. They also reflect emergent vernacular ontologies which reflect contemporary Pagan efforts to re-enchant the world and shift perceptions from a naturalistic frame to one that is more animistic, in which other-than-human beings are thought to have consciousness and interiority.
CREDIBILISTIC ROBUST ONLINE FUZZY CLUSTERING IN DATA STREAM MINING TASKS
Authors: Shafronenko A. Yu. , Kasatkina N. V. , Bodyanskiy Ye. V. , Shafronenko Ye. O.
Published: October 2023

Context. The task of clustering-classification without a teacher of data arrays occupies an important place in the general problem of Data Mining, and for its solution there exists currently many approaches, methods and algorithms. There are quite a lot of situations where the real data to be clustered are corrupted with anomalous outliers or disturbances with non-Gaussian distributions. It is clear that “classical” methods of artificial intelligence (both batch and online) are ineffective in this situation. The goal of the paper is to develop a credibilistic robust online fuzzy clustering method that combines the advantages of credibilistic and robust approaches in fuzzy clustering tasks.

Objective. The goal of the work is online credibilistic fuzzy clustering of distorted data, using of credibility theory in data stream mining.

Method. The procedure of fuzzy clustering of data using credibilistic approach based on the use of both robust goal functions of a special type, insensitive to outliers and designed to work both in batch and its recurrent online version designed to solve Data Stream Mining problems when data are fed to processing sequentially in real time.

Results. Analyzing the obtained results overall accuracy of clustering methods and algorithm, proposed method similar with result of credibilistic fuzzy clustering method, but has time superiority regardless of the number observations that fed on clustering process.

Conclusions. The problem of fuzzy clustering of data streams contaminated by anomalous non-Gaussian distributions is considered. A recurrent credibilistic online algorithm based on the objective function of a special form is introduced, which suppresses these outliers by using the hyperbolic tangent function, which, in addition to neural networks, is used in robust estimation tasks. The proposed algorithm is quite simple in numerical implementation and is a generalization of some well-known online fuzzy clustering procedures intended for solving Data Stream Mining problems.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF FORMING THE EDUCATIONAL NETWORK OF THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY
Authors: Danshyna S. Yu. , Nechausov A. S.
Published: October 2023

Context. Local government organizations have significant decision-making power in the field of education. This requires the development of understandable tools that help form a network of educational institutions that provide high-quality educational services. The object of the study was the process of forming an educational network (ENW) of the community in the implementation of territorial development projects as part of the reform of local self-government.

Objective. The goal of the work is to increase objectivity of decisions made in the formation of the ENW territorial community, summarizing demographic, infrastructural, personnel, economic factors when choosing the location of ENW facilities.

Method. The study of the classical placement problem and its further adaptation to real problems arising from the implementation of the education reform made it possible to represent ENW territorial communities as a set of independent complete bipartite graphs. In this case, to solve the problem of choosing the location of an educational institution on the network, an information technology (IT) was developed to form an ENW territorial community. Based on the adapted p-median model and methods of geospatial analysis, generalizing the requirements of the current legislation, a set of input and output parameters of IT and a set of its operations are formed. The representation of the IT structure in the form of an IDEF0-model clearly explains how a combination of various factors is processed and generalized when making decisions while creating ENW and looking for ways to improve it.

Results. The developed IT was investigated in solving the problem of forming a network of lyceums in the Kharkiv region using geospatial information, open statistical data and data on lyceums. The proposed accommodation options make it possible to achieve a general level of accessibility of specialized secondary education of almost 94%. IT has additional tools for solving the problems of transporting students to the place of study and home.

Conclusions. The experiments carried out confirmed the operability of the proposed IT. The generalization of the results obtained makes it possible to recommend it for practical use in solving the problems of analyzing the current state of ENW, finding ways to improve it and possible directions for development, as well as evaluating solutions related to the spatial planning of ENW.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS IN CONDITIONS OF HIGH INTERFERENCE INTENSITY
Authors: Khandetskyi V. S. , Gerasimov V. V. , Karpenko N. V.
Published: October 2023

Context. The decrease in the probability of successful frame transmission in the infrastructure domain of IEEE 802.11 DCF wireless network is caused both by the influence of the collision intensity and by the impact of external interference in the radio path. Using the Markov chain approach as a baseline, we explicitly expressed the dependence of the network throughput on the number of operating stations, bit error rate (BER), and the frame fragmentation factor.

Objective. The purpose of this article is to study the influence of interference intensity on the throughput of a wireless network domain in a wide range of the number of operating stations when transmitting frames of various lengths in the absence and with the use of the fragmentation mechanism.

Method. The performed mathematical modelling showed, that in the range of increased and high noise intensity (BER = 10–5 – 10–4), a decrease in the length of the frame data field from the standard length of 12000 bits to 3000 bits is accompanied by a decrease in the throughput for all values of the number of competing stations. At the same time, it must be noted that as the amount of the frame data decreases, the throughput becomes less susceptible to an increase in the noise intensity. Qualitatively different results are obtained in the region of very high interference intensity (BER = 2·10–4). A significant increase in the probability of frame transmission in this region observed with a decrease in the standard length of the frame data field by 2–3 times, made it possible to increase the throughput compared to the original one. This effect is especially pronounced when the length is halved.

Results. The study of the standard frame transmitting process, but with a fragmented data field, showed that if for BER = 5·10–5 and less with an increase in fragmentation factor, the throughput values decrease, in the entire range of the number of stations due to the predominant increase in overhead costs, then in the region of high (BER = 10–4) and very high noise intensity (BER = 2·10–4) we have the opposite effect. To the greatest extent, the throughput increases when the frame data is transmitted in two equal fragments. We have made a comparison of the network throughput determined by simply reducing the length of the frame data field and using fragmentation of a standard frame. The comparison showed that the use of the fragmentation mechanism is more beneficial both when throughput is stabilized under conditions of increased noise intensity and when the throughput is increased under conditions of high and very high noise intensity.

Conclusions. In this article, a mathematical model has been modified for direct calculation of the wireless network throughput. Using this model, we studied the changes in throughput over a wide range of BER and a number of operation stations for various values of the transmitted frame fragmentation factor. The conditions for increasing the throughput are determined.
APPLICATION OF BLOW-UP THEORY TO DETERMINE THE SERVICE LIFE OF SMALL-SERIES AND SINGLE ITEMS
Authors: Nahornyi V. V.
Published: October 2023

Context. The actual task of developing a method for determining the service life of small-series and single items based on the blow-up modes theory has been solved.

Objective. Application of the blow-up theory in conditions where there are no statistical data on the dynamics of behaviour during the operation of small-series and single items.

Method. To determine the service life of a particular product manufactured in large series, information obtained for a set of similar products of the same type is used. This information is based on numerous experiments, mathematical statistics and probability theory. When operating small-series and single items, such information is not available. In this case, it is necessary to determine the individual resource of an individual product based on the results of an analysis of its behaviour in the past. The method presented in the article is based on the application for such an analysis of the method used when considering systems operating in blow-up mode. The essence of the technique is to extract the periodic component from the temporal realization of the control parameter. This component is modelled by a Fourier series consisting of log-periodic functions. The main coefficients of these functions are the time equal to the operating time of the product until the end of its service life.

Results. The method under consideration has been successfully tested in determining the service life of the transport-dumping bridge, related to products that are actually single items.

Conclusions. An analysis of the experimental data on the behaviour of the load-bearing elements of a transport-dump bridge confirms the assumption about the behaviour of the bridge structure as a system operating in a blow-up mode. This made it possible to determine in advance the service life of the power units of the bridge and obtain the result directly in units of time, without requiring information about the maximum permissible value of the controlled parameter to obtain this information.

For the first time, the possibility is shown to consider the behaviour of small-series and single items as dynamic systems operating in a blow-up mode.

Practical significance. A solution to the topical problem of determining the service life of small-series and single items is proposed.
GROWING TREE METHOD FOR OPTIMISATION OF MULTIFACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Koshovyi M. D. , Pylypenko O. T. , Ilyina I. V. , Tokarev V. V.
Published: October 2023

Context. The task of planning multifactorial experiments is important in science and industrial production. In the context of competition, rising costs, and increasing efficiency, it is necessary to optimize plans for multifactorial experiments in terms of cost and time. To solve this problem, there are a number of approaches and methods, the choice of which for a competitive technical task is an important and difficult task. In this regard, there is a need to develop new methods for optimizing the cost (time) of multifactorial experiment plans, compare them with existing methods, and give recommendations for practical application in the study of real objects.

Objective. The purpose of the study is to develop and test the method of growing trees, to evaluate its effectiveness in comparison with other methods. The following tasks has been solved to achieve this goal: the proposed method of growing trees has been implemented in the form of software; the method has been used to optimize plans for multifactorial experiments in the study of real objects; its effectiveness has been evaluated in comparison with other methods; recommendations for its use were given.

Method. The proposed method of growing trees is based on the application of graph theory. The advantage of the method is the reduction of time for solving optimization problems related to the construction of optimal plans for multifactorial experiments in terms of cost (time) expenses. Another characteristic feature is the high accuracy of solving optimization problems.

Results. The results of experiments and comparisons with other optimization methods confirm the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method and allow us to recommend it for the study of objects with the number of significant factors k ≤ 7. It is promising to further expand the range of scientific and industrial objects for their study using this method.

Conclusions. A growing tree method has been developed for the optimization of multifactorial experimental plans in terms of cost and time expenditures, along with software that implements it using the Angular framework and the TypeScript programming language.

The effectiveness of the growing tree method is shown in comparison with the following methods: complete and limited enumeration, monkey search, modified Gray code application, and bacterial optimization. The growing tree method is faster than complete enumeration and can be applied to optimize multifactorial experimental plans in terms of cost (time) expenses for objects with a number of factors k ≤ 7. In solving optimization problems, the method of growing trees gives better results compared to monkey search, limited enumeration and bacterial optimization.
Principles of pharmacological therapy of comorbid diseases in patients with orthopedic pathology
Authors: Prytula Nataliya , Fedotova Inga , Korzh Iryna
Published: October 2023

Comorbidity is one of the leading problems in clinical practice. Interaction of diseases, involutive processes of natural aging and pathomorphosis of drugs significantly change clinical picture and course of the disease, the nature and severity of complications, limit or complicate the treatment and diagnostic process. Objective. To analyze current information on available recommendations for the treatment of comorbid diseases in patients with orthopedic pathology. Materials. An overview of the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology, European Society of Hypertension, European Society for Vascular Surgery, Ukrainian Gastroenterological Association and American Diabetes Association for the period 2017–2019 is presented. Results. The first stage in the treatment of arterial hypertension is the lifestyle optimization, and the initial therapy of most patients with hypertension should be a combination of two drugs. Management of patients with lower extremity artery disease is associated with an increased risk of any cardiovascular events. Therefore, preventive measures are of particular importance. Gastropathies induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widespread in orthopedic practice. In the prevention of their occurrence, a well-chosen gastroprotective therapy is important. Once the diagnosis of diabetes is made, lifestyle modification should be started immediately along with the start of pharmacotherapy. Metformin remains the first-line drug for treatment, drugs of other groups can be prescribed when there are contraindications to metformin. In the treatment of neuropathic pain in diabetes or pre-diabetes, only pharmacological treatment strategies are effective. Conclusions. In most cases, a number of comorbidities with timely diagnosis and compliance with the algorithms of medical care can be corrected and treated. Properly selected conservative therapy can reduce the risk of peri- and postoperative complications.
STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF STRESSES IN THE ELEMENTS OF THE STERNO-COSTAL COMPLEX AND METAL PLATES IN THE CASE OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE CORRECTION OF THE FUNNEL-SHAPED DEFORMATION OF THE CHEST ACCORDING TO NUSS
Authors: Pylypko Vlasii , Levytskyi Anatolii , Karpinsky Mykhailo , Karpinska Olena , Yaresko Olexander
Published: October 2023

In severe forms, funnel-shaped chest deformity (FSCD) requires surgical correction. The method of choice is the Nuss operation and its modifications. Objective. To study the changes that occur in the stressed-deformed state of the chest model and the fixator under different methods of its implementation during the minimally invasive correction of FSCD according to Nuss. Material and methods. 4 schemes of FSCD correction were modeled: 1 —  alignment with one retrosternal plate with transverse stabilizers, the point of entry and exit of the fixator is located parasternal at the level of the bone-cartilage transition, the fixator on the sides of the chest ends at the level of the front axillary line; 2 — sternal plate with transverse stabilizers, the point of entry and exit is located at the level of the front armpit line, the fixator ends at the level of the middle armpit line; 3 — the use of a double plate with transverse bars that connect the plates with the help of screws with medial conduction; 4 — a double plate with transverse slats, which connect the plates with the help of screws with lateral guidance. The models were loaded with a distributed force of 100 N applied to the sternum. The results. When using FSCD correction schemes, the maximum level of stress occurs in the metal plates, because they bear the main loads from the sternum, which tries to return to its original position after correction. The same reason causes the highest level of stress among the elements of the skeleton in the sternum. Conclusions. Under the conditions of using any FSCD correction scheme, the maximum stress level occurs in the metal plates, sternum, fifth and sixth ribs, which are in direct contact with the plates. The use of long plates with lateral points leads to a slight decrease in stress values in all elements of the model. The «Bridge» fastener allows you to significantly reduce the level of stress, both in the plates themselves and in the elements of the skeleton due to an increase in their contact area.
ASSESSMENT OF THE USE OF AN INDIVIDUAL TOOL FOR KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Golovakha Maxim , Bondarenko Stanislav
Published: October 2023

Objective. On the basis of comparative radiometric analysis, before and after surgery, to assess the accuracy of the knee arthroplasty with an individual instrument. Methods. The analysis of knee arthroplasty of 26 patients operated with a special instrument was performed. Age: 50–59 years — 6, 0–69 — 12, 70–79 — 5, 80 and older — 3 patients. Men — 3, women — 18. Before the operation performed a computed tomography of the lower extremities, and after operation radiography of the lower extremities completely with the vertical positions of the feet. Patient specific instrument made according to the original method. The results of the analysis were performed by comparing X-ray parameters before and after operations: 1) position of the mechanical axis in the frontal plane on the plateau of the tibia in percent; 2) medial tibial resection angle to the mechanical axis; 3) the size of the components of the endoprosthesis (femoral, tibial and liner height). Results. Deviations in the values of the medial tibial and of the lateral femoral angles between the planned and actually obtained value was an average of 0.7 %, which can be considered a high indicator of the accuracy of the implant position. The position of the mechanical axis of the limb after the operation differed from the planned by a little more than 0.9 %. The dimensions of the endoprosthesis components and the height of the tibial insert fitted to the patients matched the planning results in 100 % of the cases, with the tibial insert height being 9 mm in all cases. The use of an individual tool made it possible to reduce the time of the operation, not to open the bone marrow canal of the thigh Conclusions. The use of the original individual tool for knee arthroplasty provided a high precision to install the components of the arthroplasty.
BIRTH INJURY, DUCHENNE-ERBʼS OBSTETRIC PALSY. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Khmyzov Sergij , Hrytsenko Anastasiia , Kykosh Genadii , Hrytsenko Anton
Published: October 2023

Obstetric practice dates back thousands of years, providing assistance to women in labor is often complicated by the rapid course of labor, pelvic presentation of the fetus, shoulder dystocia with a possible clavicle fracture. Damage to CV–CVI roots, classic Duchenne–Erb palsy, accounts for 46 % of the total number of obstetric palsies. Objective. To analyze the scientific and medical literature in order to identify historical scientific and practical information about the study of childbirth injuries, and, in particular, Duchenne–Erb's obstetric palsy. Methods. To study and analyze sources of scientific and medical information, publications from Google search engines, electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, archival medical journals. Results. The first data on obstetric paralysis were provided by Duchesne in 1872, highlighting thorough reports on upper extremity muscle damage. Subsequently, in 1874, Erb performed electrical stimulation of the affected muscles, finding out the zone of neurological damage. The history of the development and formation of this scientific issue is quite ambiguous, because it borders on two medical fields: neurosurgery and orthopedics. According to literary sources, it is obvious that the pathohistology and pathophysiology of the direct injury zone (roots CV–CVI), delayed changes in the function of the upper limb, and the latest diagnostic technologies simplify the understanding of the presentation. The existing methods of operative interventions allow physicians to improve the child's life. However, the question remains open regarding the use of certain operative interventions in relation to the child's age and further rehabilitation. Conclusions. Despite a significant stratum of scientific and practical research on Duchenne–Erb's obstetric palsy, there are still a number of questions regarding the diagnosis and treatment of children with this abnormality. The search for improving the functional state of the upper limb in children should continue.
Alteration in innate immune cues assessed by analyzing peripheral blood immune system in post-covid patients
Authors: Dobrynina Maria A. , Zurochka Aleksandr V. , Komelkova Mariia V. , Zurochka Vladimir A. , Praskurnichiy Evgeny A. , Ryabova Liana V. , Sarapultsev Alexey P.
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to global morbidity and mortality. Some patients fully recover from COVID-19, whereas around 45% subjects suffer from various persistent symptoms (fatigue, cognitive impairment, impaired thermoregulation, skin diseases, etc.) for at least four months after SARS-CoV-2 infection regardless of disease severity. Such persistent post-infection effects are known as long-COVID, post-acute effects of COVID-19, or post-COVID state. SARS-CoV-2 infection is accompanied by damage to the innate immune system. Considering the role of natural killer cells and the activation of the complement system in COVID-19 as well as the regulatory properties related to CD46 and its potential involvement in cell virus entry, we found necessary to study immune system parameters associated with impairment of these innate immune cues on various leukocyte subpopulations in post-COVID patients. We studied 92 immune system parameters, including: pan-leukocyte markers for gated lymphocytes, phenotyping of T cells, T-helper inducers, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, NK- and TNK-cells, T-regulatory cells/suppressors, B-lymphocytes, including B-memory cells, activated helpers, early activation of lymphocytes, activated T-lymphocytes, and late lymphocyte activation markers. Levels of total IgM, IgG, IgA, specific IgM, IgG to coronavirus COVID-19, C1-inhibitor, C3a, and C5a complement components were measured by enzyme immunoassay using Multiscan FC Thermoscientific enzyme immunoassay analyzer (China) and Vector Best reagent kits (Russia). A complete blood count was conducted to study 25 parameters: leukocyte, erythrocyte, and platelet hematopoietic lineages as well as the quantitative and qualitative composition of hematopoietic lineages. Our study results showed that in some patients, six months after suffering from COVID-19, there was a decrease in the level of NK cells (48%) and CD46+pan-leukocyte marker cells (64.5%). A decrease in NK cell levels was accompanied by increased level of total T- and B-lymphocytes, and altered platelet and erythroid hematopoietic lineages. In patients with reduced CD46 expression on T-lymphocytes, both their total count and NK cell count were significantly reduced. Our data also suggest that CD46 might be potentially involved in development of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the post-COVID state. Thus, in 50–65% of patients who have experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection, damage to the innate immune system persists after six months being accompanied by impaired erythroid and platelet hematopoietic lineages. The data obtained indicate a need for using immunocorrective therapy in such patients.
Inpatient covid-19-related comorbidities and ct-semiotics
Authors: Titova Antonina V. , Givoyno Ulyana K. , Denisova Tatiana P.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. In the Russian Federation, registration of individual COVID-19 cases started at the end of January 2020 that markedly increased in the second half of March. At the moment, the situation with COVID-19 is unstable. As of 2023, COVID-19 incidence in descending order is as follows: USA (104 958 987 people), India (44 684 775 people) and France (39 582 057 people). Russia ranked 10th regarding total COVID-19 incidence (22 137 084 people, including 395 727 fatalities). The infection is able to “overlap” with the underlying pathology, thereby worsening patient’s condition up to death. Lung multislice computed tomography (MSCT) is recommended for all patients with COVID-19. If unavailable, a chest X-ray is performed. The aim of the study was to identify the most frequent comorbid diseases and changes on radiological scan in patients with COVID-19.Materials and methods. The study was carried out at the Infectious Disease Department No. 1, Regional Public Health Institution “Clinical Hospital No. 1” Smolensk. For this, there were analyzed 69 hospital patient records with basic diagnosis — coronavirus infection. The data of anamnesis and additional instrumental investigations were taken into account.
Results. 69 patients aged between 18 and 91 years were included in the study. Respiratory failure was not observed in 75.81% of cases. A group of patients (66.67%) with comorbidities of organs and systems was identified, among which most common were: arterial hypertension (95.65%), coronary heart disease (78.26%), diabetes mellitus (30.43%), grade 1–2 obesity (17.39%), chronic hepatitis (17.39%). Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system were less prevalent. The rate of reported complications is as follows: bilateral polysegmental pneumonia — 72.46%; unilateral polysegmental pneumonia — 2.8%; pleurisy — 4.35%; unilateral hydrothorax — 1.45%. Each of the inpatients underwent radiological examination during hospitalisation. X-ray examination accounted for a smaller proportion (39.13%) and multispiral chest computed tomography (MSCT) — for a bigger percentage (60.87%). Chest MSCT at the beginning of inpatient treatment visualized CT-2 stage (64.29%) in the vast majority, less — CT-1 (26.19%), least frequently — CT-3 (7.14%) and CT-4 (2.38%). Before patient discharge, an average of 12.16% improvement in the radiological picture was found in patients with initial CT-1 stage, 14% — in CT-2, 12% and 26% — in CT-3 and CT-4, respectively.Conclusion. The moderate disease course without respiratory depression prevailed among the patients. Co-morbidities were found mainly in the anamnesis of persons over 50 years old. The most frequent clinical complication of coronavirus infection was bilateral pneumonia. After patient’s hospitalization, clinical and instrumental picture gradually improved, which was confirmed by radiological data.
Phylogenetic analysis of the Klebsiella pneumoniae uge gene in local microbiological monitoring
Authors: Ustyuzhanin Alexander V. , Chistyakova Guzel N. , Remizova Irina I. , Makhanyok Anna A.
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study was to evaluate the data of phylogenetically analyzed nucleotide sequences from the K. pneumoniae strain uge genes carried out in the perinatal center. Materials and methods. Fifty-six sequences of the K. pneumoniae uge gene were analyzed. The uge gene was detected by real-time PCR using DT light amplifier (Russia). Results. The rate of K. pneumoniae strains among patients of obstetric and gynecological departments in 2020–2023 averaged 1.4%. In pediatric hospitals, the isolation of K. pneumoniae strains comprised 12–14% in 2020, 2021 and 2023. In 2022, a fourfold decrease in detected K. pneumoniae strains was recorded. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the nucleotide sequences were significantly grouped into 14 clusters. The K. pneumoniae virulence factor uge gene is found in 64.3% cases. The nucleotide sequences allowed to detect heterogeneous K. pneumoniae strain population isolated from patients at the perinatal center from 2019 to 2023 analyzed by the phylogenetic method. There are clusters that combine K. pneumoniae genovariants isolated in 2019 and not replenished with new isolates, which confirms the effectiveness of ongoing anti-epidemic measures, enhanced during COVID-19 spread, excluding the transmission of an infectious agent from a source to a susceptible organism in nosocomial environment. P249Q, N279L amino acid substitutions within the uge gene were determined, which distinguish hypervirulent strains from those with a lower degree of pathogenicity. Out of five mother-child pairs, in four — nucleotide sequences of K. pneumoniae strain uge gene were genetically closer to each other than to other strains isolated from patients of the Medical Departments suggesting about a high degree of their relationship, highly likely indicating that the source of the strain for the child was the paired mother, and not the patients of the departments or the staff of the institution. In one mother-child pair, K. pneumoniae strains belonged to different clusters. The isolate obtained on 09/06/2021 from neonatal faeces (age: 7 days old) was grouped with strains isolated on 12/12/2020 from a patient in the maternity ward and in Laos in 2013 (CP035196). K. pneumoniae isolated on 06/04/2021 from the urine of a woman, was significantly grouped with strains included in cluster 13. Conclusion. An opportunity for improving local microbiological monitoring by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of K. pneumoniae uge gene has been demonstrated. Assessment of changes in the intraspecies population pattern of HCAI pathogens is necessary for a timely and reasonable response to the deterioration of the epidemiological situation.
The molecular mimicry and COVID-19
Authors: Zorina Veronika
Published: October 2023

A significant part of the complications of COVID-19 and manifestations of post-COVID syndrome is associated with autoimmune reactions caused by SARS-CoV-2. The key mechanism for enabling autoimmunity in COVID-19 results from molecular mimicry, which is involved in developing cytokine storm, systemic multiorgan hyperinflammation, endothelial dysfunction, also being a trigger for arising post-COVID-19 autoimmune diseases (autoimmune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune vasculitis, Guillain–Barrésyndrome, Miller–Fisher syndrome, autoimmune neuropathy, autoimmune thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.). Overall, there have been identified 59 common immune determinants in 80 epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and 53 anti-inflammatory proteins, receptors regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis as well as immune response. It was found that among the 37 viral proteins, only 8 of them bear no immunogenic regions identical to human proteins. Cross-reactivity results in emergence of more than 15 distinct types of autoantibodies including antiphospholipid antibodies against cardiolipin and beta-2-glycoprotein I, antibodies specific to transmembrane adenosine receptor A2b, adiponectin, phosphatidylserine-prothrombin, antinuclear antigens, mitochondrial M2, type I interferons, and other cytokines, chemokines, complement components and cell membrane proteins. Autoantibodies formed during COVID-19 react to antigens of cells located in the thyroid gland, cardiac and skeletal muscles, lung, joints, liver, kidneys, brain and bone marrow, peripheral nervous system, skin and adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, testicles, eyes as well as mitochondrial antigens, mediating development of severe disease-related complications and post-COVID syndrome. The presence of 24 homologous pentapeptides with those found inB. pertussis, C. diphtheriae,C. tetani,H. influenzaeandN. meningitidisposes a risk of developing ineffective vaccination immune response paralleled with higher risk of autoimmune complications. It is imperative to take into account the phenomenon of molecular mimicry while proposing new approaches for rehabilitation and treatment of COVID-19 as well as in development and testing of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
DESENVOLVIMENTO E VALIDAÇÃO DE UMA ESCALA DE PARTICIPAÇÃO POLÍTICA
Authors: Magul Dias Rafael , Cavalcante Carlos Eduardo
Published: October 2023

RESUMO O artigo tem por objetivo desenvolver e validar uma escala de mensuração da participação política. A partir de uma revisão sistemática, desenvolveu-se um instrumento de mensuração baseado na constatação de que as medidas usadas não abrangem as diversas dimensões do construto. O instrumento foi inicialmente avaliado por especialistas e, posteriormente, testado e validado usando-se dados de duas amostras diferentes, coletadas em Moçambique. Os dados da primeira amostra foram usados para realizar uma Análise Fatorial Exploratória - AFE e os dados da segunda amostra serviram para executar uma Análise Fatorial Confirmatória - AFC e validar a escala. A AFC comprovou a plausibilidade de cinco fatores, nomeadamente, atividade de campanha; votação; contato; engajamento cívico; e protesto, ao mesmo tempo que apresentou ótimos índices de ajustamento. A escala alcançou validade convergente; validade discriminante; e apresentou boa consistência interna nos cinco fatores. O modelo de mensuração desenvolvido e validado é constituído por 27 indicadores da participação política que podem ser utilizados em qualquer contexto geográfico. Foram feitas recomendações de uso da escala em estudos futuros sobre engajamento político de cidadãos.
ANÁLISE DAS CAPACIDADES ESTATAIS NO ENFRENTAMENTO DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 NO BRASIL
Authors: Araújo Juliana Maria de , Ferreira Marco Aurélio Marques
Published: October 2023

RESUMO A literatura sobre gestão de crises evidencia a importância da aprendizagem organizacional para a formação de capacidades necessárias ao enfrentamento efetivo de novas crises . No Brasil, o contexto caótico do enfrentamento da pandemia e a descoordenação das ações ensejam reflexão sobre os elementos que poderiam minimizar o número de óbitos. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo compreender em que medida as capacidades técnico-administrativas e aspectos territoriais influenciaram no resultado do enfrentamento da Covid-19. Foram utilizadas na análise dos dados a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais e testes de médias. No que se refere às capacidades, os resultados revelaram que os óbitos por Covid-19 estavam associados positivamente ao número de UTIS e recursos financeiros; e negativamente relacionados ao número de estabelecimentos da atenção básica e qualidade dos serviços de saúde prestados. Evidenciou-se, também, a heterogeneidade das capacidades estatais, o que revela a fragilidade do planejamento regional da saúde. Esses resultados são importantes para o planejamento das ações e formação de capacidades para o enfrentamento de novas crises de saúde. Como contribuição à literatura, o estudo joga luz sobre a importância da capacidade estatal, da estrutura operacional e da capilaridade da saúde primária enquanto fatores condicionantes do sucesso na gestão de crises em saúde.
PAIXÃO EMPREENDEDORA: UMA REVISÃO DE ESCOPO
Authors: Silva Flávia Maria da , Nassif Vânia Maria Jorge , Paiva Luís Eduardo Brandão
Published: October 2023

RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar como a literatura aborda a paixão empreendedora, e quais teorias são utilizadas para relacioná-las ao comportamento empreendedor. Para mapear a literatura existente, adotou-se um projeto sistematizado de revisão de escopo, com busca nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus. O relatório da revisão foi elaborado seguindo o protocolo Prisma-SCR. Este estudo identificou algumas evidências, tais como: emoções são antecedentes para a motivação empreendedora, e empreendedores que são apaixonados por seus empreendimentos são mais propensos a perseverar e ter uma chance maior de sucesso. A paixão empreendedora desempenha um papel crucial no desenvolvimento de oportunidades, aquisição de recursos e engajamento dos funcionários, além de ser um fator irracional importante que afeta o processo empreendedor. A singularidade deste estudo reside na sua qualidade de ser a primeira revisão de escopo conduzida acerca da paixão empreendedora, constructo que merece uma análise aprofundada devido à sua influência positiva nos resultados no âmbito do empreendedorismo. A revisão de escopo sobre a paixão empreendedora pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de teorias e práticas relacionadas ao empreendedorismo, suscitando a criação de políticas públicas e decisões empresariais.