bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic organization of cortical networks predicts state anxiety: an functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study
Authors: Duan Lian , Van Dam Nicholas T. , Ai Hui , Xu Pengfei
Published: November 2020

Although state anxiety has been characterized by hyper-responsive subcortical activity and its bottom-up connectivity with cortical regions, the role of cortical networks in state anxiety is not yet well understood. To this end, we decoded individual state anxiety by using a machine-learning approach based on resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Our results showed that the RSFC among a set of cortical networks were highly predictive of state anxiety, rather than trait anxiety. Specifically, these networks included connectivity between cortical areas in the default mode network (DMN) and dorsal attention network (DAN), and connectivity within the DMN, which were negatively correlated with state anxiety; connectivity between cortical areas in the DMN and frontoparietal network (FPN), FPN and salience network (SN), FPN and DAN, DMN and SN, which were positively correlated with state anxiety. These findings suggest a predictive role of intrinsic cortical organization in the assessment of state anxiety. The work provides new insights into potential neural mechanisms of emotion states and implications for prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of affective disorders.
HOX genes promote cell proliferation and are potential therapeutic targets in adrenocortical tumours
Authors: Francis Jeffrey C. , Gardiner Jennifer R. , Renaud Yoan , Chauhan Ritika , Weinstein Yacob , Gomez-Sanchez Celso , Lefrançois-Martinez Anne-Marie , Bertherat Jérôme , Val Pierre , Swain Amanda
Published: November 2020

Background

Understanding the pathways that drive adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is essential to the development of more effective therapies. This study investigates the role of the transcription factor HOXB9 and other HOX factors in ACC and its treatment.

Methods

We used transgenic mouse models to determine the role ofHoxb9in adrenal tumour development. Patient transcriptomic data was analysed for the expression of HOX genes and their association with disease. Drug response studies on various adrenocortical models were done to establish novel therapeutic options.

Results

Our human ACC dataset analyses showed high expression ofHOXB9, and other HOX factors, are associated with poorer prognosis. Transgenic overexpression ofHoxb9in the adrenal cortex of mice with activatedCtnnb1led to larger adrenal tumours. This phenotype was preferentially observed in male mice and was characterised by more proliferating cells and an increase in the expression of cell cycle genes, includingCcne1. Adrenal tumour cells were found to be dependent on HOX function for survival and were sensitive to a specific peptide inhibitor.

Conclusions

These studies showHoxb9can promote adrenal tumour progression in a sex-dependent manner and have identified HOX factors as potential drug targets, leading to novel therapeutic approaches in ACC.
Subnuclear gene positioning through lamina association affects copper tolerance
Authors: Sakamoto Yuki , Sato Mayuko , Sato Yoshikatsu , Harada Akihito , Suzuki Takamasa , Goto Chieko , Tamura Kentaro , Toyooka Kiminori , Kimura Hiroshi , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Hara-Nishimura Ikuko , Takagi Shingo , Matsunaga Sachihiro
Published: November 2020

The nuclear lamina plays an important role in the regulation of chromatin organization and gene positioning in animals. CROWDED NUCLEI (CRWN) is a strong candidate for the plant nuclear lamina protein in Arabidopsis thaliana but its biological function was largely unknown. Here, we show that CRWNs localize at the nuclear lamina and build the meshwork structure. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and RNA-seq analyses revealed that CRWNs regulate chromatin distribution and gene expression. More than 2000 differentially expressed genes were identified in the crwn1crwn4 double mutant. Copper-associated (CA) genes that form a gene cluster on chromosome 5 were among the downregulated genes in the double mutant exhibiting low tolerance to excess copper. Our analyses showed this low tolerance to copper was associated with the suppression of CA gene expression and that CRWN1 interacts with the CA gene locus, enabling the locus to localize at the nuclear lamina under excess copper conditions.
Regulation of cytokine signaling through direct interaction between cytokine receptors and the ATG16L1 WD40 domain
Authors: Serramito-Gómez Inmaculada , Boada-Romero Emilio , Villamuera Raquel , Fernández-Cabrera Álvaro , Cedillo José Luis , Martín-Regalado Ángela , Carding Simon , Mayer Uli , Powell Penny P. , Wileman Thomas , García-Higuera Irene , Pimentel-Muiños Felipe X.
Published: November 2020

ATG16L1, an autophagy mediator that specifies the site of LC3 lipidation, includes a C-terminal domain formed by 7 WD40-type repeats (WD40 domain, WDD), the function of which is unclear. Here we show that the WDD interacts with the intracellular domain of cytokine receptors to regulate their signaling output in response to ligand stimulation. Using a refined version of a previously described WDD-binding amino acid motif, here we show that this element is present in the intracellular domain of cytokine receptors. Two of these receptors, IL-10RB and IL-2Rγ, recognize the WDD through the motif and exhibit WDD-dependent LC3 lipidation activity. IL-10 promotes IL-10RB/ATG16L1 interaction through the WDD, and IL-10 signaling is suboptimal in cells lacking the WDD owing to delayed endocytosis and inefficient early trafficking of IL10/IL-10R complexes. Our data reveal WDD-dependent roles of ATG16L1 in the regulation of cytokine receptor trafficking and signaling, and provide a WDD-binding motif that might be used to identify additional WDD activators.
Dominant subtype switch in avian influenza viruses during 2016–2019 in China
Authors: Bi Yuhai , Li Juan , Li Shanqin , Fu Guanghua , Jin Tao , Zhang Cheng , Yang Yongchun , Ma Zhenghai , Tian Wenxia , Li Jida , Xiao Shuqi , Li Liqiang , Yin Renfu , Zhang Yi , Wang Lixin , Qin Yantao , Yao Zhongzi , Meng Fanyu , Hu Dongfang , Li Delong , Wong Gary , Liu Fei , Lv Na , Wang Liang , Fu Lifeng , Yang Yang , Peng Yun , Ma Jinmin , Sharshov Kirill , Shestopalov Alexander , Gulyaeva Marina , Gao George F. , Chen Jianjun , Shi Yi , Liu William J. , Chu Dong , Huang Yu , Liu Yingxia , Liu Lei , Liu Wenjun , Chen Quanjiao , Shi Weifeng
Published: November 2020

We have surveyed avian influenza virus (AIV) genomes from live poultry markets within China since 2014. Here we present a total of 16,091 samples that were collected from May 2016 to February 2019 in 23 provinces and municipalities in China. We identify 2048 AIV-positive samples and perform next generation sequencing. AIV-positive rates (12.73%) from samples had decreased substantially since 2016, compared to that during 2014–2016 (26.90%). Additionally, H9N2 has replaced H5N6 and H7N9 as the dominant AIV subtype in both chickens and ducks. Notably, novel reassortants and variants continually emerged and disseminated in avian populations, including H7N3, H9N9, H9N6 and H5N6 variants. Importantly, almost all of the H9 AIVs and many H7N9 and H6N2 strains prefer human-type receptors, posing an increased risk for human infections. In summary, our nation-wide surveillance highlights substantial changes in the circulation of AIVs since 2016, which greatly impacts the prevention and control of AIVs in China and worldwide.
Self-assembled Möbius strips with controlled helicity
Authors: Ouyang Guanghui , Ji Lukang , Jiang Yuqian , Würthner Frank , Liu Minghua
Published: November 2020

Different from molecular level topology, the development of supramolecular topology has been limited due to a lack of reliable synthetic methods. Here we describe a supramolecular strategy of accessing Möbius strip, a fascinating topological object featured with only a single edge and single side. Through bending and cyclization of twisted nanofibers self-assembled from chiral glutamate amphiphiles, supramolecular nano-toroids with various twist numbers were obtained. Electron microscopic techniques could clearly identify the formation of Möbius strips when twist numbers on the toroidal fibers are odd ones. Spectroscopic and morphological analysis indicates that the helicity of the Möbius strips and nano-toroids stems from the molecular chirality of glutamate molecules. Therefore,M- andP-helical Möbius strips could be formed from L- and D-amphiphiles, respectively. Our experimental results and theoretical simulations may advance the prospect of creating chiral topologically complex structures via supramolecular approach.
Assessment of brain cholesterol metabolism biomarker 24S-hydroxycholesterol in schizophrenia
Authors: Chiappelli Joshua , Quinton Maria S. , Volfson Dmitri , Cwik Michael , Marshall Wyatt , Bruce Heather , Goldwaser Eric , Kvarta Mark , Summerfelt Ann , Kochunov Peter , O’Donnell Patricio , Hong Liyi Elliot
Published: November 2020

Plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol mostly originates in brain tissue and likely reflects the turnover of cholesterol in the central nervous system. As cholesterol is disproportionally enriched in many key brain structures, 24S-hydroxycholesterol is a promising biomarker for psychiatric and neurologic disorders that impact brain structure. We hypothesized that, as schizophrenia patients have widely reported gray and white matter deficits, they would have abnormal levels of plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol, and that plasma levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol would be associated with brain structural and functional biomarkers for schizophrenia. Plasma levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol were measured in 226 individuals with schizophrenia and 204 healthy controls. The results showed that levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol were not significantly different between patients and controls. Age was significantly and negatively correlated with 24S-hydroxycholesterol in both groups, and in both groups, females had significantly higher levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol compared to males. Levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol were not related to average fractional anisotropy of white matter or cortical thickness, or to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Based on these results from a large sample and using multiple brain biomarkers, we conclude there is little to no value of plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol as a brain metabolite biomarker for schizophrenia.
How the known reference weakens the visual oblique effect: a Bayesian account of cognitive improvement by cue influence
Authors: Ye Renyu , Liu Xinsheng
Published: November 2020

This paper investigates the influence of a known cue on the oblique effect in orientation identification and explains how subjects integrate cue information to identify target orientations. We design the psychophysical task in which subjects estimate target orientations in the presence of a known oriented reference line. For comparison the control experiments without the reference are conducted. Under Bayesian inference framework, a cue integration model is proposed to explain the perceptual improvement in the presence of the reference. The maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of our model are obtained. In the presence of the reference, the variability and biases of identification are significantly reduced and the oblique effect of orientation identification is obviously weakened. Moreover, the identification of orientation in the vicinity of the reference line is consistently biased away from the reference line (i.e., reference repulsion). Comparing the predictions of the model with the experimental results, the Bayesian Least Squares estimator under the Variable-Precision encoding (BLS_VP) provides a better description of the experimental outcomes and captures the trade-off relationship of bias and precision of identification. Our results provide a useful step toward a better understanding of human visual perception in context of the known cues.
Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western Europe
Authors: Salavert Aurélie , Zazzo Antoine , Martin Lucie , Antolín Ferran , Gauthier Caroline , Thil François , Tombret Olivier , Bouby Laurent , Manen Claire , Mineo Mario , Mueller-Bieniek Aldona , Piqué Raquel , Rottoli Mauro , Rovira Núria , Toulemonde Françoise , Vostrovská Ivana
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to define the first chrono-cultural framework on the domestication and early diffusion of the opium poppy using small-sized botanical remains from archaeological sites, opening the way to directly date minute short-lived botanical samples. We produced the initial set of radiocarbon dates directly from the opium poppy remains of eleven Neolithic sites (5900–3500 cal BCE) in the central and western Mediterranean, northwestern temperate Europe, and the western Alps. When possible, we also dated the macrobotanical remains originating from the same sediment sample. In total, 22 samples were taken into account, including 12 dates directly obtained from opium poppy remains. The radiocarbon chronology ranges from 5622 to 4050 cal BCE. The results show that opium poppy is present from at least the middle of the sixth millennium in the Mediterranean, where it possibly grew naturally and was cultivated by pioneer Neolithic communities. Its dispersal outside of its native area was early, being found west of the Rhine in 5300–5200 cal BCE. It was introduced to the western Alps around 5000–4800 cal BCE, becoming widespread from the second half of the fifth millennium. This research evidences different rhythms in the introduction of opium poppy in western Europe.
Preclinical studies of non-stick thin film metallic glass-coated syringe needles
Authors: Bai Meng-Yi , Chang Ya-Chu , Chu Jinn P.
Published: November 2020

Our objective in this study was to determine the biocompatibility and hemocompatibility of thin film metallic glass (TFMG) and its potential use in hypodermic needles for intramuscular or intravenous injection. Mouse and rabbit models were employed under approval from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (n = 5/group, two groups in total for both animal models). Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was collected from the whole blood of rabbits (ear vein) without anti-coagulant for use in in vitro coagulation tests. Histological analysis and optical microscopy were used to assess the endothelial structure of the inner lining of veins after being punctured with needles and detained for 3 days. Histological analysis of ear vein sections revealed that the extent of endothelial damage after puncturing with a TFMG-coated needle was 33% less than that produced by bare needles. Our results confirm that the deposition of a thin TFMG layer (e.g., Zr53Cu33Al9Ta5) on the surface of hypodermic needle can have remarkably clinical benefits, including anti-adhesion, reduced invasion, and minimal endothelial damage. Our results also confirm the good biocompatibility and hemocompatibility of the TFMG coatings.
Blind footballers direct their head towards an approaching ball during ball trapping
Authors: Mieda Takumi , Kokubu Masahiro
Published: November 2020

In blind football, players predict the sound location of a ball to underpin the success of ball trapping. It is currently unknown whether blind footballers use head movements as a strategy for trapping a moving ball. This study investigated characteristics of head rotations in blind footballers during ball trapping compared to sighted nonathletes. Participants performed trapping an approaching ball using their right foot. Head and trunk rotation angles in the sagittal plane, and head rotation angles in the horizontal plane were measured during ball trapping. The blind footballers showed a larger downward head rotation angle, as well as higher performance at the time of ball trapping than did the sighted nonathletes. However, no significant differences between the groups were found with regards to the horizontal head rotation angle and the downward trunk rotation angle. The blind footballers consistently showed a larger relative angle of downward head rotation from an early time point after ball launching to the moment of ball trapping. These results suggest that blind footballers couple downward head rotation with the movement of an approaching ball, to ensure that the ball is kept in a consistent egocentric direction relative to the head throughout ball trapping.
Investigation of the novelty of latent functionally thermal fluids as alternative to nanofluids in natural convective flows
Authors: Haddad Zoubida , Iachachene Farida , Abu-Nada Eiyad , Pop Ioan
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a detailed comparison between the latent functionally thermal fluids (LFTFs) and nanofluids in terms of heat transfer enhancement. The problem used to carry the comparison is natural convection in a differentially heated cavity where LFTFs and nanofluids are considered the working fluids. The nanofluid mixture consists of Al2O3 nanoparticles and water, whereas the LFTF mixture consists of a suspension of nanoencapsulated phase change material (NEPCMs) in water. The thermophysical properties of the LFTFs are derived from available experimental data in literature. The NEPCMs consist of n-nonadecane as PCM and poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid) as shell material for the encapsulation. Finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations of the LFTFs and the nanofluid. The computations covered a wide range of Rayleigh number, 104 ≤ Ra ≤ 107, and nanoparticle volume fraction ranging between 0 and 1.69%. It was found that the LFTFs give substantial heat transfer enhancement compared to nanofluids, where the maximum heat transfer enhancement of 13% was observed over nanofluids. Though the thermal conductivity of LFTFs was 15 times smaller than that of the base fluid, a significant enhancement in thermal conductivity was observed. This enhancement was attributed to the high latent heat of fusion of the LFTFs which increased the energy transport within the cavity and accordingly the thermal conductivity of the LFTFs.
Technical validation of a new microfluidic device for enrichment of CTCs from large volumes of blood by using buffy coats to mimic diagnostic leukapheresis products
Authors: Guglielmi R. , Lai Z. , Raba K. , van Dalum G. , Wu J. , Behrens B. , Bhagat A. A. S. , Knoefel W. T. , Neves R. P. L. , Stoecklein N. H.
Published: November 2020

Diagnostic leukapheresis (DLA) enables to sample larger blood volumes and increases the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) significantly. Nevertheless, the high excess of white blood cells (WBC) of DLA products remains a major challenge for further downstream CTC enrichment and detection. To address this problem, we tested the performance of two label-free CTC technologies for processing DLA products. For the testing purposes, we established ficollized buffy coats (BC) with a WBC composition similar to patient-derived DLA products. The mimicking-DLA samples (with up to 400 × 106 WBCs) were spiked with three different tumor cell lines and processed with two versions of a spiral microfluidic chip for label-free CTC enrichment: the commercially available ClearCell FR1 biochip and a customized DLA biochip based on a similar enrichment principle, but designed for higher throughput of cells. While the samples processed with FR1 chip displayed with increasing cell load significantly higher WBC backgrounds and decreasing cell recovery, the recovery rates of the customized DLA chip were stable, even if challenged with up to 400 × 106 WBCs (corresponding to around 120 mL peripheral blood or 10% of a DLA product). These results indicate that the further up-scalable DLA biochip has potential to process complete DLA products from 2.5 L of peripheral blood in an affordable way to enable high-volume CTC-based liquid biopsies.
Nucleotide-binding sites can enhance N-acylation of nearby protein lysine residues
Authors: James Andrew M. , Smith Anthony C. , Ding Shujing , Houghton Jack W. , Robinson Alan J. , Antrobus Robin , Fearnley Ian M. , Murphy Michael P.
Published: November 2020

Acyl-CoAs are reactive metabolites that can non-enzymatically S-acylate and N-acylate protein cysteine and lysine residues, respectively. N-acylation is irreversible and enhanced if a nearby cysteine residue undergoes an initial reversible S-acylation, as proximity leads to rapid S → N-transfer of the acyl moiety. We reasoned that protein-bound acyl-CoA could also facilitate S → N-transfer of acyl groups to proximal lysine residues. Furthermore, as CoA contains an ADP backbone this may extend beyond CoA-binding sites and include abundant Rossmann-fold motifs that bind the ADP moiety of NADH, NADPH, FADH and ATP. Here, we show that excess nucleotides decrease protein lysine N-acetylation in vitro. Furthermore, by generating modelled structures of proteins N-acetylated in mouse liver, we show that proximity to a nucleotide-binding site increases the risk of N-acetylation and identify where nucleotide binding could enhance N-acylation in vivo. Finally, using glutamate dehydrogenase as a case study, we observe increased in vitro lysine N-malonylation by malonyl-CoA near nucleotide-binding sites which overlaps with in vivo N-acetylation and N-succinylation. Furthermore, excess NADPH, GTP and ADP greatly diminish N-malonylation near their nucleotide-binding sites, but not at distant lysine residues. Thus, lysine N-acylation by acyl-CoAs is enhanced by nucleotide-binding sites and may contribute to higher stoichiometry protein N-acylation in vivo.
Unique maternal immune and functional microbial profiles during prenatal stress
Authors: Antonson Adrienne M. , Evans Morgan V. , Galley Jeffrey D. , Chen Helen J. , Rajasekera Therese A. , Lammers Sydney M. , Hale Vanessa L. , Bailey Michael T. , Gur Tamar L.
Published: November 2020

Maternal stress during pregnancy is widespread and is associated with poor offspring outcomes, including long-term mental health issues. Prenatal stress-induced fetal neuroinflammation is thought to underlie aberrant neurodevelopment and to derive from a disruption in intrauterine immune homeostasis, though the exact origins are incompletely defined. We aimed to identify divergent immune and microbial metagenome profiles of stressed gestating mice that may trigger detrimental inflammatory signaling at the maternal–fetal interface. In response to stress, maternal glucocorticoid circuit activation corresponded with indicators of systemic immunosuppression. At the maternal–fetal interface, density of placental mononuclear leukocytes decreased with stress, yet maternal whole blood leukocyte analysis indicated monocytosis and classical M1 phenotypic shifts. Genome-resolved microbial metagenomic analyses revealed reductions in genes, microbial strains, and metabolic pathways in stressed dams that are primarily associated with pro-inflammatory function. In particular, disrupted Parasutterella excrementihominis appears to be integral to inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation during prenatal stress. Overall, these perturbations in maternal immunological and microbial regulation during pregnancy may displace immune equilibrium at the maternal–fetal interface. Notably, the absence of and reduction in overt maternal inflammation during stress indicates that the signaling patterns driving fetal outcomes in this context are more nuanced and complex than originally anticipated.
Single-cell analysis of autophagy activity in normal and de novo transformed human mammary cells
Authors: Lefort Sylvain , Balani Sneha , Pellacani Davide , Guyot Boris , Gorski Sharon M. , Maguer-Satta Véronique , Eaves Connie J.
Published: November 2020

Assessment of autophagy activity has historically been limited to investigations of fixed tissue or bulk cell populations. To address questions of heterogeneity and relate measurements to functional properties of viable cells isolated from primary tissue, we created a lentiviral (RFP-GFP-MAP1LC3B) vector that allows the autophagosome and autolysosome content of transduced cells to be monitored at the single-cell level. Use of this strategy to analyze purified subsets of normal human mammary cells showed that both the luminal progenitor-containing (LP) subset and the basal cells (BCs) display highly variable but overall similar autophagic flux activity despite differences suggested by measurements of the proteins responsible (i.e., LC3B, ATG7 and BECLIN1) in bulk lysates. Autophagosome content was also highly variable in the clonogenic cells within both the LPs and BCs, but the proliferative response of the BCs was more sensitive to autophagy inhibition. In addition, use of this vector showed cells with the lowest autophagosome content elicited the fastest tumor growth in 2 different models of human mammary tumorigenesis. These results illustrate the utility of this vector to define differences in the autophagy properties of individual cells in primary tissue and couple these with their responses to proliferative and oncogenic stimuli.
Glial granules contain germline proteins in the Drosophila brain, which regulate brain transcriptome
Authors: Tindell Samuel J. , Rouchka Eric C. , Arkov Alexey L.
Published: November 2020

Membraneless RNA-protein granules play important roles in many different cell types and organisms. In particular, granules found in germ cells have been used as a paradigm to study large and dynamic granules. These germ granules contain RNA and proteins required for germline development. Here, we unexpectedly identify large granules in specific subtypes of glial cells (“glial granules”) of the adult Drosophila brain which contain polypeptides with previously characterized roles in germ cells including scaffold Tudor, Vasa, Polar granule component and Piwi family proteins. Interestingly, our super-resolution microscopy analysis shows that in the glial granules, these proteins form distinct partially overlapping clusters. Furthermore, we show that glial granule scaffold protein Tudor functions in silencing of transposable elements and in small regulatory piRNA biogenesis. Remarkably, our data indicate that the adult brain contains a small population of cells, which express both neuroblast and germ cell proteins. These distinct cells are evolutionarily conserved and expand during aging suggesting the existence of age-dependent signaling. Our work uncovers previously unknown glial granules and indicates the involvement of their components in the regulation of brain transcriptome.
Emulsion Drops as Templates for the Fabrication of Microparticles and Capsules
Authors: Amstad E.
Published: November 2020

Emulsion drops are frequently used as templates to fabricate microparticles and capsules whose size scales with that of the emulsion drops. Microfluidics offers unique control over the size of emulsion drops, thereby enabling the fabrication of microparticles and capsules with very narrow size distributions. This level of control opens up possibilities to use microparticles and capsules as individually dispersed delivery vehicles that offer a tight control over the release kinetics of active ingredients. It also enables the assembly of microparticles into crystalline superstructures. Thereby, it provides possibilities to use emulsion drops as building blocks to fabricate macroscopic materials with well-defined microstructures. This chapter gives an overview of the strategies to convert emulsion drops into microparticles and capsules of well-defined dimensions and compositions and provides some prominent examples of applications.
Carbon aerogel-based solid-phase microextraction coating for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides
Authors: Jõul Piia , Vaher Merike , Kuhtinskaja Maria
Published: November 2020

A carbon aerogel-coated SPME fiber is prepared, and the DI-SPME-GC-MS method is developed for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides from environmental samples.
Effect of crucible rotation on the temperature and oxygen distributions in Czochralski grown silicon for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Popescu Alexandra , Bellmann Martin P. , Vizman Daniel
Published: November 2020

Oxygen concentration is sensitive to changes in the rotation rate for Czochralski grown silicon crystals.
AB11O16(OH)2 (A = K and Cs): interpenetrating 2D layers with large birefringence
Authors: Chen Zhen , Guo Jingyu , Han Shujuan , Zeng Hao , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: November 2020

By a cation substitution strategy, two new hydroxyborates AB11O16(OH)2 (A = K and Cs) were synthesized, and KB11O16(OH)2 exhibits a short DUV cutoff edge (195 nm) and a large birefringence.
Branched versus linear lactide chains for cellulose nanoparticle modification: an atomistic molecular dynamics study
Authors: Glova Artyom D. , Melnikova Sofya D. , Mercurieva Anna A. , Larin Sergey V. , Nazarychev Victor M. , Polotsky Alexey A. , Lyulin Sergey V.
Published: November 2020

We aim to resolve the question of which grafted chains architecture (linear or branched) should be used for modification of the surface of cellulose nanoparticles for practically valuable polylactide-based nanocomposites.
The effect of N-heterocyclic carbene units on the absorption spectra of Fe(ii) complexes: a challenge for theory
Authors: Bokareva Olga S. , Baig Omar , Al-Marri Mohammed J. , Kühn Oliver , González Leticia
Published: November 2020

The absorption spectra of five Fe(ii) homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes containing strong sigma-donating N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and polypyridyl ligands have been theoretically characterized using a tuned range-separation functional.
Novel joint catalytic properties of Fe and N co-doped graphene for CO oxidation
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Liu Jinxiang , Guo Jinghua , Ou Xuedong , Wang Xike , Chen Gang
Published: November 2020

CO oxidation can occur cyclically with a small energy barrier.
Construction and evolution of active palladium species on phase-regulated reducible TiO2 for methane combustion
Authors: Xiao Yihong , Li Juanjuan , Wang Chen , Zhong Fulan , Zheng Yong , Jiang Lilong
Published: November 2020

Non-traditional amorphous Pd2+ species on the surface of Pd/TiO2 catalysts facilitate CH4 combustion, while formed PdxTi1−xO2 would be detrimental.
Magnetic skyrmions for unconventional computing
Authors: Li Sai , Kang Wang , Zhang Xichao , Nie Tianxiao , Zhou Yan , Wang Kang L. , Zhao Weisheng
Published: November 2020

A rich variety of unconventional computing paradigms has been raised with the rapid development of nanoscale devices. Magnetic skyrmions, spin swirling quasiparticles, have been endowed with great expectations for unconventional computing.
Gold nanorods–trypsin biocorona: a novel nano composite for in vitro cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7 and A-549 cancer cells
Authors: Jesna Kandoth Kandy , Ilanchelian Malaichamy
Published: November 2020

In the present work, we have synthesized cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) capped gold nanorods (Au NRs) to evaluate apparent binding affinities for the adsorption of trypsin (TRP).
Recent progress, challenges, and prospects in emerging group-VIA Xenes: synthesis, properties and novel applications
Authors: Tareen Ayesha Khan , Khan Karim , Aslam Muhammad , Zhang Han , Liu Xinke
Published: November 2020

Two dimensional (2D) materials are regarded as promising candidates for future nanoelectronics, especially group-VI elemental 2D materials (Tellurene, and Selenene), due to their outstanding semiconducting/topological insulators properties.
Red-tunable LuAG garnet phosphors via Eu3+→Mn4+ energy transfer for optical thermometry sensor application
Authors: Yan Bing , Wei Yi , Wang Wei , Fu Meiqian , Li Guogang
Published: November 2020

The Eu3+→Mn4+ energy transfer strategy is designed in the Lu3Al5O12 garnet structure to achieve color-adjustable narrow emission from orangish-red to deep-red light and remarkable thermal quenching improvement for optical thermometry sensors.
Asymmetric total synthesis of cephanolide B
Authors: Zhang Hongyuan , He Haibing , Gao Shuanhu
Published: November 2020

The asymmetric synthesis of cephanolide B, a complex C18 Cephalotaxus dinorditerpenoid, is presented for the first time.
A fungus-derived biomass porous carbon–MnO2nanocomposite-modified electrode for the voltammetric determination of rutin
Authors: Cheng Hui , Liu Juan , Sun Yunxiu , Zhou Ting , Yang Qiuyue , Zhang Shuyao , Zhang Xiaoping , Li Guangjiu , Sun Wei
Published: November 2020

Fabrication process of MnO2@FBPC composites and the electrochemical detection of rutin.
Zn(ii)2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline stimulates cultured bovine aortic endothelial cell proliferation
Authors: Nakamura Takehiro , Yoshida Eiko , Hara Takato , Fujie Tomoya , Yamamoto Chika , Fujiwara Yasuyuki , Ogata Fumihiko , Kawasaki Naohito , Takita Ryo , Uchiyama Masanobu , Kaji Toshiyuki
Published: November 2020

Stimulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation by Zn-12 can be mediated by the ERK1/2 activation independently of the FGF-2-FGFR pathway. Additionally, there may be other pathways involved in the Zn-12 stimulation.
Facile synthesis of ternary flexible silica aerogels with coarsened skeleton for oil–water separation
Authors: Zhang Yu , Shen Qianqian , Li Xuesha , Xie Hongmei , Nie Chaoyin
Published: November 2020

The effect of the skeleton morphology on the properties of flexible silica aerogels.
Exploiting in situ NMR to monitor the formation of a metal–organic framework
Authors: Jones Corey L. , Hughes Colan E. , Yeung Hamish H.-M. , Paul Alison , Harris Kenneth. D. M. , Easun Timothy L.
Published: November 2020

A new in situ NMR methodology for studying the formation processes of MOFs is reported, supported by SAXS and PXRD experiments. Synthesis of a phosphonate-based MOF is described, from molecular aggregation through to nucleation and crystallisation.
Structure and dynamics of an aqueous solution containing poly-(acrylic acid) and non-ionic surfactant octaethylene glycol n-decyl ether (C10E8) aggregates and their complexes investigated by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Kunche Lakshmikumar , Natarajan Upendra
Published: November 2020

A detailed MD simulation study of the self-assembly structure and thermodynamics of an aqueous solution containing non-ionic surfactant octa ethylene glycol n-decyl ether (C10E8) and non-ionic polar polymer poly(acrylic acid) PAA is presented.
Optical quantification of intracellular mass density and cell mechanics in 3D mechanical confinement
Authors: Bakhshandeh Sadra , Taïeb Hubert M. , Schlüßler Raimund , Kim Kyoohyun , Beck Timon , Taubenberger Anna , Guck Jochen , Cipitria Amaia
Published: November 2020

Optical quantification of intracellular mass density using optical diffraction tomography (ODT) and cell mechanics using Brillouin spectroscopy under 3D mechanical confinement.
Direct printing of high-performance micro-supercapacitors on flexible substrates using polymeric stencil masks with highly precise interdigitated patterns
Authors: Seong Kwang-dong , Jung Jae-Yeong , Kang Jeongmin , Kim Da-Seul , Lyu Lulu , Seo Soonmin , Kim Ju-Hyung , Piao Yuanzhe
Published: November 2020

A direct printing method for micro-supercapacitors, based on metal–organic deposition inks and polymeric stencil masks, is presented, facilitating simultaneous fabrication of multiple devices with outstanding electrochemical properties.
Impact analysis of recovery ramp rate after momentary cessation in inverter‐based distributed generators on power system transient stability
Authors: Kang Sungwoo , Shin Heewon , Jang Gilsoo , Lee Byongjun
Published: November 2020

The global increase in the use of solar photovoltaics and wind turbines has led to a rapid increase in the penetration level of inverter‐based distributed generators (IBDGs). Until recently, the operation modes of IBDGs under abnormal power system conditions were not a major concern owing to the small number of IBDGs used in power systems. However, several events have indicated that the momentary cessation (MC) mode of an IBDG can eventually deteriorate the stability of power systems. Among the various parameters that define the MC mode, the direct impact of the MC recovery ramp rate on the transient stability of the power system has been addressed by computing the stability margin based on a single machine equivalent method. Furthermore, this paper introduces the critical momentary cessation recovery ramp rate for a specific system, which can be used as an important index in the planning of an IBDG installation. Case studies on modified IEEE 39 bus system and Korean power system were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
One‐dimensional traversal receiver autonomous integrity monitoring method based on maximum likelihood estimation for GNSS anti‐spoofing applications
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Li Hong , Lu Mingquan
Published: November 2020

By forging global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals similar to authentic ones, a spoofer can make receivers track forged signals (spoofing signals) and generate wrong position, velocity and time results. Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) can be extended to the field of spoofing detection and exclusion (SDE). However, it is well known that when there are six or more signals and only one spoofing signal among them, RAIM can effectively exclude the spoofing signal. In this study, based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) theory and the idea of the traverse, one‐dimensional traversal MLE‐RAIM (TMRAIM) is proposed, which can exclude multiple spoofing signals. Theoretically, the influence of spoofing biases will be reflected in pseudorange residuals, and then affect the probability distribution of the parity vector. Through MLE deduction, the authors can find corresponding spoofing signals which are relevant with the maximum probability of the parity vector only once under the supposed number of spoofing signals. By just traversing the number of spoofing signals, TMRAIM can run effectively on real‐time GNSS receivers with low complexity. The SDE ability and time complexity are analysed in detail and two field experiments are constructed. Experimental results demonstrate the method is feasible and effective for anti‐spoofing applications.
Isochronous control of a virtual synchronous generator using inertia and excitation emulations with restoration control in a standalone microgrid
Authors: Samanta Soumya , Mishra Jyoti Prakash , Roy Binoy Krishna
Published: November 2020

In this study, virtual excitation emulation (VEE) is proposed along with the virtual inertia emulation (VIE) for a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) in a standalone microgrid to improve the AC voltage and frequency profile through the control of power electronic DC–AC converter in the microgrid. The VIE emulates the inertia and damping characteristics of a synchronous generator by mimicking the swing equation. The VEE is proposed to emulate the behaviour of the field circuit and exciter system of a synchronous generator. In addition, a restoration control is also added with the inertia and excitation emulation to restore the magnitude and frequency of the output voltage at the rated value and achieve isochronous control. A linearised small‐signal model of the VSG with the proposed control technique is also presented to analyse the system stability and design the control parameters. The standalone microgrid is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment to show the effectiveness of the proposed control technique. From the simulation results, it is reflected that the proposed control technique improves the voltage and frequency response during transient and steady‐state including the frequency nadir of the microgrid.
Long short‐term memory based anomaly detection: A case study of China railway passenger ticketing system
Authors: Xie Ze , Zhu Jiansheng , Wang Fuzhang , Li Wen , Wang Tuo
Published: November 2020

Data on the network traffic of the railway passenger ticketing system in China are important records that reflect the service status. In this paper, a neural network algorithm based on long short‐term memory using a pre‐wavelet, called the pre‐wavelet long short term memory (PWLSTM), is used that can predict network traffic and forecast its trends over time, with the aim of strengthening anomaly detection in China's railway passenger ticketing service. The proposed algorithm explores the historical regularity and mutation of the data by extracting detailed as well as approximate information on the network traffic. In tests, the results of prediction of the PWLSTM are consistent with long‐ and short‐term regularities in dependencies formed due to the railway passenger ticket‐selling time rule. This verifies that the PWLSTM is suitable for analysing data on China's railway passenger ticketing service. It also records a higher accuracy of prediction than autoregressive models and the LSTM. The PWLSTM is tested by forecasting abnormal network traffic with service anomalies. In the anomaly interval, it is able to detect anomalous points and the prediction results indicate that PWLSTM is a new feasible strategy for passenger ticket service early warning.
Flexible carbon monoxide sensor for environmental detection of small‐scale robot
Authors: Zhang Fuzheng , Lin Qijing , Wang Zuowei , Zhao Libo , Han Feng , Yang Ping , Jiang Zhuangde
Published: November 2020

With the advancement and development of science and technology, the detection role of small‐scale robot has become increasingly prominent, especially for environmental detection in hazardous situations such as explosion and fire. In this study, to realise the detection of carbon monoxide gas in hazardous locations, a flexible carbon monoxide sensor consisting of polyimide, interdigital electrode, and composite film is proposed and designed, which has the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity, good flexibility, and low cost. For the interdigital electrode, the distance between the electrodes and the width of the electrode is both 50 μm, and the sizes of the polyimide substrate and the electrode area are 1.5 × 4 cm2 and 1 × 1 cm2, respectively. The composite film is made by mixing single‐walled carbon nanotubes and platinum powders. The test results show that the sensitivity of the sensor is 0.0201 Ω/ppm in the range of 0–100 ppm at room temperature with a linear fit of 94.63%.
1D atmospheric study of the temperate sub-Neptune K2-18b
Authors: Blain D. , Charnay B. , Bézard B.
Published: November 2020

Context.The atmospheric composition of exoplanets with masses between 2 and 10M⊕is poorly understood. In that regard, the sub-Neptune K2-18b, which is subject to Earth-like stellar irradiation, offers a valuable opportunity for the characterisation of such atmospheres. Previous analyses of its transmission spectrum from theKepler,Hubble(HST), andSpitzerspace telescopes data using both retrieval algorithms and forward-modelling suggest the presence of H2O and an H2–He atmosphere, but have not detected other gases, such as CH4.

Aims.We present simulations of the atmosphere of K2-18 b using Exo-REM, our self-consistent 1D radiative-equilibrium model, using a large grid of atmospheric parameters to infer constraints on its chemical composition.

Methods.We compared the transmission spectra computed by our model with the above-mentioned data (0.4–5μm), assuming an H2–He dominated atmosphere. We investigated the effects of irradiation, eddy diffusion coefficient, internal temperature, clouds, C/O ratio, and metallicity on the atmospheric structure and transit spectrum.

Results.We show that our simulations favour atmospheric metallicities between 40 and 500 times solar and indicate, in some cases, the formation of H2O-ice clouds, but not liquid H2O clouds. We also confirm the findings of our previous study, which showed that CH4absorption features nominally dominate the transmission spectrum in the HST spectral range. We compare our results with results from retrieval algorithms and find that the H2O-dominated spectrum interpretation is either due to the omission of CH4absorptions or a strong overfitting of the data. Finally, we investigated different scenarios that would allow for a CH4-depleted atmosphere. We were able to fit the data to those scenarios, finding, however, that it is very unlikely for K2-18b to have a high internal temperature. A low C/O ratio (≈0.01–0.1) allows for H2O to dominate the transmission spectrum and can fit the data but so far, this set-up lacks a physical explanation. Simulations with a C/O ratio <0.01 are not able to fit the data satisfactorily.
Socio Demographic Characteristics Of Pregnant Women Who Are Experiencing Nausea Vomiting In Rural Areas Of Banyumas Regency
Authors: Latifah Lutfatul , Setiawati Nina , Kartikasari Aprilia , Kusmiati Eli
Published: November 2020

Nausea vomiting in pregnancy or commonly referred to as morning sickness is a common complaint in the first trimester, although it can also occur in the second trimester or all trimester. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristic of pregnant women who experience morning sickness in rural areas. Respondents in this study were pregnant women who experienced morning sickness during July-September 2018 in rural areas of Banyumas District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This study have used quantitative descriptive design.The results of univariate analysis of 61 pregnant women involved, 77% age of mothers were at low risk, 39,3% were junior high school education, 82% were not working, 60% were pregnant in the first trimester, 61,7% were multigravida, 55.7% did not have a history of nausea and vomiting, and 73,8% in the category of mild nausea and vomiting. It can be concluded that pregnant women who experience nausea and vomiting in rural areas are the majority of those who are of low risk, do not work, are pregnant for the first time, have early pregnancy, and with mild nausea and vomiting.
Potential of New Institutional Economics for Rural Community Development
Authors: Prasetyo P. Eko , Setyadharma Adryan , Rahayu Kistanti Nurjannah
Published: November 2020

Rural economic inequality is a fundamental problem which makes it important to seek its causes and find its policy solutions immediately. The new institutional economic potential development policy is the right choice. The purpose of this article is to explain more broadly the importance of new institutional economic potential in developing rural communities. Especially, to explain various economic dimensions of new institutions in a comprehensive manner in determining the level of community development. This research method used structured survey that has been well-designed and measured for data collection, variable measurement, and data analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data are gathered by using integrated methods between various disciplines; economics-sociology and economics-geography. Further, to interpretation the data, we used economic and cultural concepts; informal economy, new institutional economics, gravitational economics and cultural anthropology. Then, the method of analysis is path analysis using recrusive form of correlation model with multiple path equation systems. The main research results show that the new institutional economic potential is a key factor in developing rural communities and reducing inequality. Besides, the new institutional economics will encourage economic growth and public welfare
The Stakeholder Analysis for Fisheries Management
Authors: Suharno  , Arifin Agus , Yunanto Ary
Published: November 2020

The south sea of Central Java as a fishing ground for south coast fishers makes its resources common-pool resources, and the utilization of ownership rights becomes unclear. As a result, fisheries resources experience excessive utilization, which indicates the phenomenon of the tragedy of the common. Based on these conditions, appropriate rules and policies are needed in the institutional management of fisheries resources to remain sustainable. The purpose of this study is: to identify the roles of stakeholders in fisheries management. The analysis used is stakeholder analysis. The results of the study show that: Stakeholder groups involved in fisheries management are subjects, bystanders, actors, and players.