bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of CdS Nanoparticles on Structural, Optical and Dielectric Properties for Gamma-Ray Shielding and Antibacterial Efficiency of PVA/PAAm Polymers Blend
Authors: Hamood Farah J. , Mohmed Baidaa Yehia , Kadim Ashraq Mohammed , Abass Khalid Haneen , Agarwal Manoj Kumar , Mohammed Kahtan A.
Published: June 2023

We present the production and extensive characterization of a polyacrylamide (PAAm)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymeric blend doped with varying percentages of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles (NPs). Using the solution casting method, CdS-filled PVA/PAAm polymeric nanocomposite (PNCs) films in various weight ratios and percentages were created. The SEM pictures confirmed the identical spreading of CdS NPs in the mix. The filler CdS material might be used to modify the optical characteristics. The film’s direct optical energy gap ([Formula: see text] (dir.)) has been adjusted from 2.30[Formula: see text]eV to 3.30[Formula: see text]eV. The intermolecular interactions of the PVA/PAAm mix were investigated using FT-IR analysis. The electrical properties of alternating current were studied throughout a frequency range of 100[Formula: see text]Hz–5[Formula: see text]MHz. The impact of CdS NPs on the dielectric coefficient ([Formula: see text], dielectric loss ([Formula: see text] and ac conductivity ([Formula: see text] of PVA/PAAm PNCs over a range of frequencies at room temperature has been investigated. With increased CdS NPs, the attenuation coefficient values rose. We demonstrated that doping CdS composites with PVA/PAAm increases the antibacterial (ANB) activity of the composites. As a result of these findings, the PNCs films are appropriate for gamma-ray shielding (GRS) and ANB applications.
Silting Objects over the Stable Monomorphism Category of Higher Differential Objects
Authors: Gao Nan , Liu Xuanyu , Ma Jing
Published: June 2023

Higher differential objects are investigated and used for addressing three general problems. Torsionless differential modules over path algebras are characterized. The adjoint triples between triangulated categories, involving derived categories and singularity categories, are allowed to be constructed from those between the abelian categories [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The partial silting properties between an abelian category [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are transferred, and if moreover,[Formula: see text] is Frobenius, the partial silting objects of the stable monomorphism categories of [Formula: see text] are constructed from those of [Formula: see text].
A Characterization of Sequentially Cohen–Macaulay Matroidal Ideals
Authors: Hamaali Payman Mahmood , Mafi Amir , Saremi Hero
Published: June 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be the polynomial ring in [Formula: see text] variables over a field [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be a matroidal ideal of [Formula: see text]. We show that [Formula: see text] is sequentially Cohen–Macaulay if and only if the [Formula: see text] has linear quotients. As a consequence, [Formula: see text] is sequentially Cohen–Macaulay if and only if [Formula: see text] is shellable.
Accelerating AI-Based Battery Management System’s SOC and SOH on FPGA
Authors: Nagarale Satyashil D. , Patil B. P.
Published: June 2023

Lithium battery-based electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining global popularity as an alternative to combat the adverse environmental impacts caused by the utilization of fossil fuels. State of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) are vital parameters that assess the battery’s remaining charge and overall health. Precise monitoring of SOC and SOH is critical for effectively operating the battery management system (BMS) in a lithium battery. This article presents an experimental study for the artificial intelligence (AI)-based data-driven prediction of lithium battery parameters SOC and SOH with the help of deep learning algorithms such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM). We utilized various gradient descent optimization algorithms with adaptive and constant learning rates with other default parameters. Compared between various gradient descent algorithms, the selection of the optimal one depends on mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) accuracy. We developed an LSTM and BiLSTM model with four hidden layers with 128 LSTM or BiLSTM units per hidden layer that use Panasonic 18650PF Li-ion dataset released by NASA to predict SOC and SOH. Our experimental results advise that the selection of the optimal gradient descent algorithm impacts the model’s accuracy. The article also addresses the problem of overfitting in the LSTM/BiLSTM model. BiLSTM is the best choice to improve the model’s performance but increase the cost. We trained the model with various combinations of parameters and tabulated the accuracies in terms of MAE and RMSE. This optimal LSTM model can predict the SOC of the lithium battery with MAE more minor than 0.0179%, RMSE 0.0227% in the training phase, MAE smaller than 0.695%, and RMSE 0.947% in the testing phase over a 25°C dataset. The BiLSTM can predict the SOC of the 18650PF lithium battery cell with MAE smaller than 0.012% for training and 0.016% for testing. Similarly, using the Adam optimization algorithm, RMSE for training and testing is 0.326% and 0.454% over a 25°C dataset, respectively. BiLSTM with an adaptive learning rate can improve performance. To provide an alternative solution to high power consuming processors such as central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU), we implemented the model on field programmable gate Aarray (FPGA) PYNQ Z2 hardware device. The LSTM model using FPGA performs better.
Supplementary Table 5 from Racial, Ethnic, and Sex-based Disparities among High-risk Individuals Undergoing Pancreatic Cancer Surveillance
Authors: Katona Bryson W. , Klute Kelsey , Brand Randall E. , Everett Jessica N. , Farrell James J. , Hawthorne Kieran , Kaul Vivek , Kupfer Sonia S. , Paiella Salvatore , Simeone Diane M. , Sussman Daniel A. , Zogopoulos George , Lucas Aimee L. , Kastrinos Fay , Bi Yan , Brentnall Teresa , Chung Daniel , Earl Julie , Gaddam Srinivas , Gallinger Steve , Graff John J. , Greenhalf William , Grossberg Aaron , Hart Philip , Idos Gregory , Jeter Joanne , Lindberg James , Lowy Andrew , Permuth Jennifer , Raitses-Gurevich Maria , Schrader Intan , Siveke Jens , Stoffel Elena , Vornhuelz Marlies , Wadlow Raymond
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table 5: Consent and biosample collection rates amongst HRIs stratified by age
Supplementary Table 3 from Racial, Ethnic, and Sex-based Disparities among High-risk Individuals Undergoing Pancreatic Cancer Surveillance
Authors: Katona Bryson W. , Klute Kelsey , Brand Randall E. , Everett Jessica N. , Farrell James J. , Hawthorne Kieran , Kaul Vivek , Kupfer Sonia S. , Paiella Salvatore , Simeone Diane M. , Sussman Daniel A. , Zogopoulos George , Lucas Aimee L. , Kastrinos Fay , Bi Yan , Brentnall Teresa , Chung Daniel , Earl Julie , Gaddam Srinivas , Gallinger Steve , Graff John J. , Greenhalf William , Grossberg Aaron , Hart Philip , Idos Gregory , Jeter Joanne , Lindberg James , Lowy Andrew , Permuth Jennifer , Raitses-Gurevich Maria , Schrader Intan , Siveke Jens , Stoffel Elena , Vornhuelz Marlies , Wadlow Raymond
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table 3: Consent and biosample collection rates amongst HRIs stratified by sex
Supplementary Table 1 from Racial, Ethnic, and Sex-based Disparities among High-risk Individuals Undergoing Pancreatic Cancer Surveillance
Authors: Katona Bryson W. , Klute Kelsey , Brand Randall E. , Everett Jessica N. , Farrell James J. , Hawthorne Kieran , Kaul Vivek , Kupfer Sonia S. , Paiella Salvatore , Simeone Diane M. , Sussman Daniel A. , Zogopoulos George , Lucas Aimee L. , Kastrinos Fay , Bi Yan , Brentnall Teresa , Chung Daniel , Earl Julie , Gaddam Srinivas , Gallinger Steve , Graff John J. , Greenhalf William , Grossberg Aaron , Hart Philip , Idos Gregory , Jeter Joanne , Lindberg James , Lowy Andrew , Permuth Jennifer , Raitses-Gurevich Maria , Schrader Intan , Siveke Jens , Stoffel Elena , Vornhuelz Marlies , Wadlow Raymond
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table 1: Comparison of rates of pathogenic variants and cancer history by sex
Supplementary Data from NL-201 Upregulates MHC-I Expression and Intratumoral T-cell Receptor Diversity, and Demonstrates Robust Antitumor Activity as Monotherapy and in Combination with PD-1 Blockade
Authors: Mortales Christie , Dutzar Benjamin , Chen Jerry , Chen Alex , Huard Justin , Walkey Carl , Swanson Ryan
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table S1. Neo-2/15 maximum pSTAT5 signaling (maximal Mean fluorescent intensity, MFI) in human PBMCs and mouse splenocytes.Supplementary Table S2. IL-2 Receptor Signaling in Primary Human and Cynomolgus Monkey CD8+ T Cells induced by IL-2, NL-201, and Neo2/15.Supplementary Figure S1. A-B, Flow cytometric analysis of human PBMCs (A) and mouse splenocytes (B) for cell surface expression of IL-2Rα (CD25), IL-2Rβ (CD122), and IL-2Rγc (CD132).Supplementary Figure S2. Flow cytometric analysis of CT26-hHER2 and CT26 cell death assessed by Annexin V labeling after a 6-hour co-culture with isolated Balb/c NK cells and indicated concentrations of IL-2R agonists.Supplementary Figure S3. NL-201 demonstrates improved in vivo efficacy as compared to Neo-2/15.Supplementary Figure S4. A-B, Flow cytometric analysis of MHC-I (A) and PD-L1 (B) surface expression on in vitro B16F10 cells cultured with the indicated concentrations of cytokines for 1 day.Supplementary Figure S5. A-C, Tumor volume measurements of individual mice bearing subcutaneous B16F10 melanoma (A), EMT6 mammary carcinoma (B), and Renca renal adenocarcinoma (C) tumors.Supplementary Figure S6. A-B, B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were given a single dose of NL-201 by intravenous administration and then harvested 5 days later for ex vivo flow cytometric analysis to measure the abundance of CD45+ cells (A) and CD3+ T cells of CD45+ gate (B).
Figure S1 from A Novel Class of Ribosome Modulating Agents Exploits Cancer Ribosome Heterogeneity to Selectively Target the CMS2 Subtype of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Terzo Esteban , Apte Shruti A. , Padhye Simran , Rashed Saleh , Austin Wesley , Caponegro Michael , Reddy Anupama , Shi Shuhao , Wang Christy , Clark Roger B. , Sidransky David , Modur Vijay , Badarinarayana Vasudeo
Published: June 2023

Imaging assay demonstrating that ZKN-157 inhibits translation of newly synthesized proteins
FIGURE 2 from A Novel Class of Ribosome Modulating Agents Exploits Cancer Ribosome Heterogeneity to Selectively Target the CMS2 Subtype of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Terzo Esteban , Apte Shruti A. , Padhye Simran , Rashed Saleh , Austin Wesley , Caponegro Michael , Reddy Anupama , Shi Shuhao , Wang Christy , Clark Roger B. , Sidransky David , Modur Vijay , Badarinarayana Vasudeo
Published: June 2023

ZKN-157 selectively inhibits new protein synthesis in a sensitive colorectal cancer cell line. A, Volcano plot showing heavy-isotope intensities (newly synthesized protein abundance) for 2867 proteins detected at 24-hour timepoint. Protein were classified as follows: Decreased (log2FC < −0.4, Padjusted < 0.05, red), Downward Trend (log2FC < −0.4, Padjusted > 0.05, pink), Increased (log2FC > 0.4, Padjusted < 0.05, dark green), Upward Trend (log2FC > 0.4, Padjusted > 0.05, light green), Unchanged (−0.4 < log2FC < 0.4, Padjusted > 0.05, dark gray). Dotted lines indicate −0.5 and 0.5 log2FC values. B, Bar graph plotting percent protein fraction of heavy-isotope intensity (categorized as in A) at 24-hour timepoint versus positively charged regions. Positive charge windows were generated by assigning K and R residues a positive 1 charge and all other amino acid residues a charge of 0. Average charge values were then calculated along a 10-amino acid long sliding window for each protein's amino acid sequence (starting at the first residue and ending at the last complete set of 10 residues). C, Overrepresentation analysis and pathway enrichment in significantly downregulated proteins from A are shown. Count refers to the number of genes found in each pathway while gene ratio refers to the count divided by all genes in the pathway. D, Bar graph showing nascent protein abundance for 68 Ribosomal proteins from heavy-isotope intensity analysis at 24-hour timepoint (categorized as in A). The dotted line indicates −0.4 log2FC value.
Assessing the Accuracy of Otomatch.com Data for Individuals Applying to Otolaryngology Residency
Authors: Nathan Ajay S. , Cheung Anthony Y. , Powers Kristina , Stepp Wesley H. , Golub Justin S. , Reyes Samuel A. , Levi Jessica R.
Published: June 2023

Objectives:

Otomatch.com is an online forum for residency applicants to discuss the otolaryngology match process including academic metrics. The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of self-reported match data on Otomatch relative to official data reported by the National Residency Match Program (NRMP) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC).

Methods:

Data was collected from publicly editable Otomatch forums (2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2019-2020) and curated Otomatch survey responses (2018-2019, 2019-2020) whose results are released after Match Day. Aggregated data was collected from the NRMP 2018 and 2020 Charting Outcomes in the Match and AAMC Report on Residents (2017-2018, 2018-2019). Measures of interest included Step 1 scores, Step 2 CK scores, publications, number of interview invitations, number of interviews attended, and AOA status. ANOVA and 2 tailed T tests were performed to compare variables within each match year.

Results:

Average Step 2 CK score was significantly higher on publicly editable Otomatch forums than AAMC in 2017-2018 (257vs 253, P < .05) and 2018-2019 (258vs 252, P < .05). Interviews attended were significantly higher on Otomatch survey responses than the publicly editable forum in 2019-2020 (13vs 9, P-value < .05). Step 1 scores, interview invitations, and AOA status were not statistically significantly different when data was available.

Conclusion:

Applicant statistics from online forums, online surveys, NRMP, and AAMC are consistent, except for Step 2 CK scores. Self-reported data on the Otomatch forum is an accurate estimate of academic metrics of otolaryngology residency applicants.
Occupational Balance and Emotional Regulation in People With and Without Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Romero-Ayuso Dulce María , Toledano-González Abel , Pinilla-Cerezo Mercedes , Sánchez-Rodríguez Óscar , García-Arenas José Joaquín , Triviño-Juárez José Matías , Ortíz-Rubio Araceli
Published: June 2023

Background. Serious mental illness affects daily functioning, including occupational balance. Purpose. This study aims to compare occupational balance and emotional regulation between people with serious mental illness and the healthy population and to examine the relationship between occupational balance and emotional regulation. Method. A cross-sectional study was performed. Occupational balance and emotional regulation were measured using the Occupational Balance Questionnaire and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, respectively. A multivariate analysis (analysis of covariance) was conducted. Findings. The sample consisted of 112 individuals, divided into two groups: the serious mental illness group ( n  =  55); and the healthy group ( n  =  57). People with serious mental illness reported lower occupational balance and lower cognitive reappraisal than the healthy population. Furthermore, the higher cognitive reappraisal, the higher the occupational balance, and the higher the expressive suppression, the lower the occupational balance. Conclusion. The results provide preliminary evidence of the relationship between occupational balance and emotional regulation.
Contestation, Governance, and the Production of Violence Against Civilians: Coercive Political Order in Rural Colombia
Authors: Aponte González Andrés F. , Hirschel-Burns Daniel , Uribe Andres D.
Published: June 2023

What explains civilian victimization during civil war? Existing scholarship claims that violence against civilians is driven primarily by competition between armed actors. We argue that this explanation neglects a crucial cause of civilian victimization: in communities they rule, armed groups employ systematic violence against civilians to establish and sustain social order. Drawing on original microlevel quantitative data from Colombia, we show that areas controlled by a sole armed actor experience high levels of victimization, while places where multiple actors jointly govern exhibit significantly less violence. To explain this pattern, we draw on evidence from original interviews, focus groups, and secondary sources. We show that armed groups employ violence to govern areas they control and enact social order. But this violence is checked when multiple groups rule jointly: the factors that sustain pacted rule disincentivize victimization. These results have implications for theories of political order, violence, and governance by non-state actors.
The Role of Infant Health Problems in Constraining Interneighborhood Mobility: Implications for Citywide Employment Networks
Authors: Evans Megan , Graif Corina , Matthews Stephen A.
Published: June 2023

Infant health problems are a persistent concern across the United States, disproportionally affecting socioeconomically vulnerable communities. We investigate how inequalities in infant health contribute to differences in interneighborhood commuting mobility and shape neighborhoods’ embeddedness in the citywide structure of employment networks in Chicago over a 14-year period. We use the Census Bureau’s Longitudinal Employer–Household Dynamics’ Origin–Destination Employment Statistics to analyze commuting networks between 2002 and 2015. Results from longitudinal network analyses indicate two main patterns. First, after the Great Recession, a community’s infant health problems began to significantly predict isolation from the citywide employment network. Second, pairwise dissimilarity in infant health problems predicts a lower likelihood of mobility ties between communities throughout the entire study period. The findings suggest that infant health problems present a fundamental barrier for communities in equally accessing the full range of jobs and opportunities across the city—compounding existing inequalities.
Basic principles of hair follicle structure, morphogenesis, and regeneration
Authors: Welle Monika M.
Published: June 2023

Diseases affecting the hair follicle are common in domestic animals, but despite the importance of an intact skin barrier and a fully functional hair coat, knowledge about the detailed morphological features and the diversity of these complex mini-organs are often limited, although mandatory to evaluate skin biopsies with a history of alopecia. The factors that regulate the innate hair follicle formation and the postnatal hair cycle are still not completely understood in rodents, only rudimentarily known in humans, and are poorly understood in our companion animals. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about hair follicle and hair shaft anatomy, the arrangement of hair follicles, hair follicle morphogenesis in the embryo, and the lifelong regeneration during the postnatal hair cycle in domestic animals. The role of follicular stem cells and the need for a multitude of interacting signaling events during hair follicle morphogenesis and regeneration is unquestioned. Because of the lack of state of the art methods that can be applied in rodents but are not feasible in companion animals, most of the information in this review is based on rodent studies. However, the few data from domestic animals that are available will be discussed, and it can be assumed that at least the principal molecular mechanisms are similar in rodents and other species.
The Impact of Meniscal Tear Type and Surgical Treatment on Quadriceps Strength: A Study of Adolescent Patients Post Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Weaver Adam P. , Walaszek Michelle C. , Roman Dylan P. , Harkey Matthew S. , Kuenze Christopher
Published: June 2023

Background:

Treatment of meniscal injuries at the time of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) can result in restrictions on weightbearing and range of motion in the early rehabilitative phases. What is unknown is the effect of (1) meniscal tear type and location at the time of anterior cruciate ligament injury and (2) meniscal treatment at the time of ACLR on quadriceps strength in adolescents during the late rehabilitative phase.

Hypothesis:

Meniscal tears involving the root and requiring repair would adversely affect quadriceps strength at 6 to 9 months postoperatively.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients who underwent ACLR at 1 of 2 research sites between 2013 and 2021 were identified. Adolescent participants were included if they were between the ages of 12 and 20 years at the time of assessment and had undergone primary unilateral ACLR in the previous 6 to 9 months. Participants were subgrouped by meniscal tear type (no tear, nonroot tear, root tear) and meniscal treatment at the time of ACLR (no treatment, meniscectomy, meniscal repair), which were confirmed via chart review. Isokinetic strength testing occurred at 60 deg/s, and quadriceps strength and quadriceps strength limb symmetry index were compared between the meniscal tear type and meniscal procedure subgroups using analysis of covariance while controlling for the effects of age, sex, and ACLR graft source.

Results:

An overall 236 patients were included in this analysis (109 male, 127 female; mean ± SD age, 16.0 ± 1.9 years). There were no significant differences in ACLR limb quadriceps strength based on meniscal tear type ( P = .61) or meniscal procedure at the time of ACLR ( P = .61), after controlling for age, biological sex, and ACLR graft source. Similarly, quadriceps strength limb symmetry index did not differ by meniscal tear type ( P = .38) or meniscal procedure at the time of ACLR ( P = .40).

Conclusion:

Meniscal tear type and treatment at the time of ACLR did not affect quadriceps strength or quadriceps strength symmetry in adolescents 6 to 9 months after ACLR.
Individual and Military Factors That Modify the Association Between Recent Sexual Trauma and Health Outcomes Among U.S. Service Members and Veterans
Authors: Seelig Amber D. , Rivera Anna C. , LeardMann Cynthia A. , Daniel Samantha M. , Jacobson Isabel G. , Stander Valerie A. , Moore Brenda L. , Millard Deanne C. , Boyko Edward J. ,   The Millennium Cohort Team*
Published: June 2023

Sexual trauma (ST), which includes both sexual harassment and sexual assault, is associated with a variety of adverse mental and physical health outcomes in military and civilian populations. However, little is known about whether certain individual or military attributes or prior experiences may modify the relationship between recent ST and mental or physical health outcomes. Data from a longitudinal cohort study of current and former military members were used to examine whether individual and military factors modify the association between recent ST and health outcomes (posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, multiple somatic symptoms, and insomnia). Results indicated that demographic (sex, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity) and military factors (service branch, service component, military separation) generally did not modify the main effect of ST on the outcomes examined. On the other hand, factors known to be protective (spirituality, social support) and risk factors (childhood trauma, combat deployment, and mental health status) did modify the effect of ST on multiple outcomes examined; notably, protective effects were diminished among those who experienced recent ST. Protective factors were associated with the lowest risk of adverse outcomes among those with no ST, while risk reduction was less among survivors of ST. Diminished impacts also were found for cumulative risk factors, with the influence of multiple individual risk factors associated with increased risk but in a subadditive manner. We conclude that the effect of recent ST on the outcomes examined was persistent in the presence of potential protective factors, but that it may be impacted by ceiling effects in combination with other risk factors.
Testing Inclusive Language Revisions of the Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool Using Cognitive Interviewing: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kinney Rachel , Praamsma Noah , Malinowski Amy , Cassi Patricia , Hennessy Erin
Published: June 2023

Background:

Recent calls-to-action have recommended the use of gender-inclusive language in the field of human lactation research and clinical care. However, little empirical evidence about parental acceptance and understanding of this new terminology exists.

Research Aim:

To assess understanding and acceptance of an inclusive language revision of the Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool (BAPT).

Methods:

This was a prospective qualitative study consisting of two phases, a survey followed by cognitive interview. Pregnant people ( N = 16) were recruited from the Vermont Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, which uses the BAPT as a standard of care. The study team revised the BAPT (e.g., changed terms like “breast milk” to “human milk”). Study participants completed the Revised BAPT and then participated in a cognitive interview by phone to assess their understanding and acceptance of revised, inclusive language.

Results:

Most inclusive language was well understood and accepted by participants. Proposed revisions to the survey to replace terms like “breastfeeding” with other terms like “chestfeeding” or “bodyfeeding” were more difficult for participants to understand and were not well accepted.

Conclusions:

While it is clear that language in human lactation research and clinical practice should be revised to be more gender inclusive, specific inclusive terms elicit different levels of understanding and acceptance. Inclusive language options should be tested with target populations and more research is needed in this area.
Turbine vane endwall aerothermal and film cooling performance considering realistic swirling inflow conditions
Authors: Li Zhiyu , Zhang Kaiyuan , Li Zhigang , Li Jun
Published: June 2023

The turbine vane inlet downstream of the lean premixed combustor presents nonuniform distributions of velocity and temperature. For obtaining swirling inflow profiles close to reality, the simulated non-reacting combustor is designed firstly. Applying these profiles as inflow boundary conditions, the effects of realistic swirling inflow on the turbine vane endwall aerothermal characteristics and film cooling performance are numerically investigated through solving the three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the shear stress transfer ([Formula: see text]) turbulence model. Two swirling orientations (anticlockwise and clockwise) and five swirling core pitch-wise positions (aligned with vane 1 to vane 2) are considered in the current work. The results indicate that the residual vortices in the vane passage are strengthened and move with the swirling core along the pitch-wise direction. The migration of the horseshoe vortex is controlled by this movement. The shrinkage or expansion of the separation line of the horseshoe vortex can be observed under the anticlockwise and clockwise swirling inflow conditions respectively. The anticlockwise swirling inflow results in a larger aerodynamic loss by a 10%–35% increase of the laterally [Formula: see text]. The high Nu region near the pressure side surface enlarges and the area-averaged Nu at [Formula: see text] increases from 2337.9 to 2878.3. For the cases with clockwise swirling inflow, the area of the hot ring is enlarged and the Nu downstream of the row 3 film holes is decreased. As for the film cooling performance, the endwall coverage area shrinks and the phantom cooling area enlarges when the anticlockwise swirling core is aligned with vane 2. The endwall loses the protection from the row 3 film holes and the cooling failure ([Formula: see text]) occurs at [Formula: see text] when the swirling core is aligned with the vane passage. This is an extremely bad phenomenon that should be avoided. Among all cases, the highest endwall area-averaged [Formula: see text] (0.122) is obtained when the clockwise swirling core is aligned with vane 1. The largest endwall coverage area is achieved when the clockwise swirling core is aligned with vane 2.
“There are two sides to everything”: Re (locating) vulnerability in the surrogacy industry in India
Authors: Thapar-Björkert Suruchi , Majumdar Anindita , Gondouin Johanna
Published: June 2023

Vulnerability is a pivotal concept for understanding transnational commercial surrogacy and the ethics of reproductive travel. While implicitly recognizing vulnerability as important, existing scholarship falls short of understanding the dynamism of vulnerability. Placing our empirical analysis in conjunction with the rich theoretical literature on this concept, we explore vulnerability in surrogacy arrangements in India as a “mode of openness,” defined by its multilayeredness and context specificity. We focus on two retellings of vulnerability. In the first narrative, we analyse the journey of an intended parent who becomes an agent, while in the second narrative, we focus on the trajectory of a surrogate and egg donor becoming an agent. In both narratives, the layers of vulnerability across different interconnected circuits of reproduction—of intended parent, agent, and surrogate—are explicated. Our analysis illustrates the complex and conflicting meanings of vulnerability and illustrates vulnerability as an instigator of agency and resistance; how it can propel upward social mobility and animate attempts to transform an unjust system, but also how such individual agency and empowerment may serve to uphold exploitative relationships.
Pattern of Alcohol Use and Problems Associated with Alcohol Use Among Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Nisha  , Das Karobi , Sharma Renu , Ghosh Abhishek
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is also known as alcohol dependence or alcohol addiction. In India (2020), 160 million people are consuming alcohol; among them 57 million people are alcohol dependent (Eashwar et al., 2020, Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol. 9, 1, p. 49). Currently, it is a major public concern. Because AUD not only affects the patients physically but also affects person’s other life aspects such as mental health, social status, financial status, spirituality, and occupation.

Objective

To assess the alcohol use pattern and problems due to alcohol use among patients with AUD registered in the Drug De-Addiction and Treatment Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh.

Methodology

An exploratory study was conducted among 40 participants who were enrolled by purposive sampling technique. Participants were enrolled after written informed consent and interviewed as per the interview schedule comprised sociodemographic data, clinical data, and performa to assess the problems associated with alcohol use. Data coding and analysis were done with SPSS (version 26).

Results

More than half of the study participants (57.5%) were from the age group of 36 to 55 years with a mean age of 40.55 ± 8.941 years ranging from 24 to 58 years; all were men and 70% of participants were from upper class socioeconomic status. Nearly half (47.5%) of the participants started drinking before 20 years of age and 50% participants had been drinking alcohol for more than 15 years. Participants had many problems such as gastric disorder (80%), weight loss (55%), inefficiency at work (92.5%), increased alcohol-related expenses (88.5%), reduced sources and amount of earning (57.5%), impaired interpersonal relationship (IPR) with family (97.5%), with spouse (80%), and in society (85%).

Conclusion

Patients with alcohal use disorder (AUD) have many problems in various aspects of their lives, that is, health, education, occupation, finance, family, marital life, and social life.
Physiology and Clinical Manifestations of Pathologic Cranial Suture Widening
Authors: Roth Daniela M. , Piña Jeremie Oliver , MacPherson Melissa , Budden Curtis , Graf Daniel
Published: June 2023

Cranial sutures are complex structures integrating mechanical forces with osteogenesis which are often affected in craniofacial syndromes. While premature fusion is frequently described, rare pathological widening of cranial sutures is a comparatively understudied phenomenon. This narrative review aims to bring to light the biologically variable underlying causes of widened sutures and persistent fontanelles leading to a common outcome. The authors herein present four syndromes, selected from a literature review, and their identified biological mechanisms in the context of altered suture physiology, exploring the roles of progenitor cell differentiation, extracellular matrix production, mineralization, and bone resorption. This article illustrates the gaps in understanding of complex craniofacial disorders, and the potential for further unification of genetics, cellular biology, and clinical pillars of health science research to improve treatment outcomes for patients.
Cidofovir for Viral Infections in Immunocompromised Children: Guidance on Dosing, Safety, Efficacy, and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Riggsbee Daniel L. , Alali Muayad , Kussin Michelle L.
Published: June 2023

Objective:

To describe the use of cidofovir (CDV) for viral infections in immunocompromised children (IC) and provide guidance on dosing and supportive care.

Data Sources:

A PubMed search was conducted for literature published between 1997 and January 2022 using the following terms: cidofovir, plus children or pediatrics.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Limits were set to include human subjects less than 24 years of age receiving intravenous (IV) or intrabladder CDV for treatment of infections due to adenovirus, polyomavirus-BK (BKV), herpesviruses, or cytomegalovirus.

Data Synthesis:

Data were heterogeneous, with largely uncontrolled studies. Conventional dosing (CDV 5 mg/kg/dose weekly) was commonly used in 60% (31/52) of studies and modified dosing (CDV 1 mg/kg/dose 3 times/week) was used in 17% (9/52) of studies, despite being off-label. Nephrotoxicity reported across studies totaled 16% (65/403 patients), which was higher for conventional dosing 29 of 196 patients (15%) than modified dosing 1 of 27 patients (4%). Saline hyperhydration and concomitant probenecid remain the cornerstones of supportive care, while some regimens omitting probenecid are emerging to target BKV.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of CDV use (indications, dosing, supportive care, response, and nephrotoxicity) in pediatric IC.

Conclusions:

Effective utilization of CDV in IC remains challenging. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal CDV dosing; however, less aggressive dosing regimens such as modified thrice weekly dosing or low dosing once weekly omitting probenecid to enhance urinary penetration may be reasonable alternatives to conventional dosing in some IC.
Trends in Perioperative Magnesium Sulfate Use in Patients Who Underwent Major Cancer Surgery: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study in South Korea
Authors: Song In-Ae , Oh Tak-kyu , Do Sang-Hwan
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Magnesium sulfate is a potential anesthetic adjunct in cancer surgery. However, no definite consensus exists on the use of magnesium sulfate in patients undergoing major cancer surgery.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the trends and factors associated with magnesium sulfate administration in patients who underwent major cancer surgery in South Korea.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective and population-based cohort study, we used 5-year health data that were extracted from the National registration database in South Korea from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. All adult patients who underwent major cancer surgery during 2016–2020 in South Korea were included.

Results

In total, 253,538 patients were included. Among these patients, 6.6% (16,708/253,538) were administered magnesium sulfate during major cancer surgery. In multivariable logistic regression modeling, older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.02; P < .001), esophageal cancer surgery (vs lung cancer surgery [OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 2.80-3.30; P < .001]), increased Charlson comorbidity index score (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.03; P < .001), mild-to-moderate disability (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.14; P = .003), and severe disability (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05-1.27; P = .003) were associated with a higher incidence of perioperative magnesium sulfate administration for major cancer surgery. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or laparoscopy (OR, .57; 95% CI, .55-.59; P < .001) and propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (OR, .86; 95% CI, .82-.89; P < .001) were associated with a lower incidence of perioperative Mg sulfate administration for major cancer surgery.

Conclusions

In South Korea, 6.6% of the patients who underwent major cancer surgery were administered magnesium sulfate during surgery. Certain factors, such as old age, thoracic cancer surgery, open laparotomy or thoracotomy, greater comorbid status, and inhalation anesthesia, were potentially associated with magnesium sulfate administration in patients undergoing major cancer surgery.
Retrospective Analysis of the Real-World Utilization of 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate and Plasma in Oral Anticoagulant-Associated Bleeding in US Hospitals
Authors: Refaai Majed A. , Bajcic Paolo , McNeill Robert , Hood Christopher , Milling Truman J.
Published: June 2023

Real-world utilization of 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) and plasma for the management of oral anticoagulant (OAC)-associated bleeding in US trauma hospitals was described.

This is amulticenter, retrospective chart review evaluating the use of 4F-PCC and plasma in OAC reversal across medical specialties. Physicians completed a survey and extracted data from 3 to 5 patient charts. Variables of interest included medical specialty, urgency, and bleed type. Two hundred and thirty-five physicians completed the survey, and 861 patient charts were included in the study. 4F-PCC was commonly used in life-threatening or emergent indications, whereas plasma was used in emergent and urgent indications. Plasma was used mostly for patients on warfarin (53% vs 47% 4F-PCC) and 4F-PCC for those on apixaban (82% vs 18% plasma) and rivaroxaban (77% vs 23% plasma). This retrospective analysis showed that 4F-PCC was predominantly used for OAC reversal despite available specific reversal agents for some of the OAC. Although it is not recommended by any reversal guidelines, plasma is still used for OAC reversal. Plasma should be avoided in the management of OAC-associated bleeding.
Different Together: A Poetic Reading of Arts-Inspired Creations as Embodied Explorations of Social Cohesion
Authors: Pillay Daisy , Pithouse-Morgan Kathleen , Naicker Inbanathan
Published: June 2023

We, a diverse group of South African academics, study embodied reflexivity through poetry, and this article is an account of poetic inquiry inspired by assemblages created by the participants in a symposium, Object Inquiry for Social Cohesion in Public Higher Education. As the symposium’s cofacilitators, we wondered how and what we might learn from reading the assemblages poetically as embodied explorations of social cohesion. We describe the symposium before demonstrating how we used poetry to represent, analyze, and synthesize our responses to the assemblages. Through the presentation of dialog pieces derived from our discussions, we articulate the collective growth and development of our understanding. Then, we share a final poem, which encapsulates our learning. Finally, we consider how this poetic study could help us and others in higher education seeking to understand and strengthen social cohesion and social justice.
Metabolic Disease and Risk of Thyroid Disease: Evidence from the National Nurse Health Cohort in China
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Heli , Wang Jing , Che Ying , Zhuo Lin , Yu Miao , Hu Xianjing , Li Peitao , Geng Rongmei , Zhan Siyan , Li Baohua
Published: June 2023

Background

Previous studies have shown that metabolic diseases are risk factors for thyroid disease; most studies are cross-sectional design. We aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between thyroid and metabolic diseases in a cohort of Chinese nurses.

Methods

We conducted an ambispective cohort study of the National Nurses’ Health Study. Thyroid disease data based on ultrasonography from 2017 to 2021 were collected. We described thyroid disease incidence and the risk factors associated with a cluster of metabolic factors. We used the Mann‒Whitney U test, repeated-measures ANOVA and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression to analyze the data.

Results

A total of 1529 female nurses without thyroid disease were enrolled in 2017, of which, complete data were available for 1269 nurses. In 2018–2020, thyroid nodule incidence ranged from 32.8%-46.3%, thyroiditis incidence was 13.4%–14.3%, and goiter incidence was 4.1%–29.1%, thyroid adenoma and thyroid tumors incidence were 0.1%–0.5% and 1%–1.5%. We also found that NAFLAD was an independent risk factor for thyroid adenoma ( p = .003). The age at diagnosis was an independent risk factor for goiter ( p <. 001) and thyroid nodules ( p < .001). Fasting blood glucose was an independent risk factor for thyroid tumors ( p = .004). The age at diagnosis ( p = .003), Body Mass Index ( p = .006) and menopause ( p = .031) were risk factors for thyroiditis.

Conclusion

Thyroid disease incidence among nurses is increasing. Age at diagnosis, BMI, fasting blood glucose, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are independent risk factors for different types of thyroid disease. This study provides evidence for future studies to further explore the pathogenesis and prevention of thyroid diseases.
A history of digital environmental journalism at the BBC and the Guardian
Authors: Robbins David
Published: June 2023

Environmental and climate journalism is complex, data-heavy, and amenable to visualisation. The environmental beat was therefore well placed to take advantage of the affordances of emerging digital platforms for news from the late 1990s. This article presents a history of digital environmental journalism at two international and digitally innovative media organisations (the BBC and the Guardian), taking an affordances approach. It argues that the beat can be understood as having four distinct but overlapping phases: an initial phase in which journalists availed of the limitless carrying capacity of digital media; a second phase which maximised the use of blogs and user comments; a third, experimental phase involving digital video and online campaigns; and a fourth, mature phase in which both organisations became more strategic in their digital offerings.
Estimating the number of people living with dementia at different stages of the condition in India: A Delphi process
Authors: Farina Nicolas , Rajagopalan Jayeeta , Alladi Suvarna , Ibnidris Aliaa , Ferri Cleusa P , Knapp Martin , Comas-Herrera Adelina
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Numerous studies have previously estimated the dementia prevalence in India. However, as these estimates use different methodologies and sampling strategies, generating definitive prevalence estimates can be difficult.

Methods

A Delphi process involving eight clinical and academic experts provided prevalence estimates of dementia within India, split by sex and age. The experts were also asked to estimate the number of people potentially living at different stages of the condition. A priori criteria were used to ascertain the point in which consensus was achieved.

Results

Our consensus estimates generated a dementia prevalence of 2.8% (95% CI = 1.9 to 3.6) for those aged 60 years and above in India. Consensus was achieved across age and sex prevalence estimates, with the exception of one (females aged 60–64). Our experts estimated that 42.9% of people living with dementia in India had a mild severity.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that there could be approximately 3.9 million people living with dementia in India, of which 1.7 million could be living with dementia of mild severity. Such estimates can better help researchers and policy makers to estimate the true cost and impact of dementia in India and can inform resource allocation decisions.
Male Survivors of Domestic Violence, Challenges in Cultural Response, and Impact on Identity and Help-Seeking Behaviors: A Systematic Review
Authors: McLeod David Axlyn , Ozturk Burcu , Butler-King Renea L. , Peek Hayden
Published: June 2023

Male experiences of domestic and relational violence have been only marginally explored in the literature. In connection to this, attitudes in the community and among service providers and criminal justice system entities can vary dramatically. This variance in attitudes creates an instability which has a differential impact on the help-seeking behaviors of victims. Additionally, help-seeking behaviors are often influenced by internalized shame and confusion on the part of the survivors themselves when their social constructions of masculinity do not align with lived experience. More is needed to understand the nature of male survivorship in situations of relational violence. A systematic review was conducted to begin organizing the data on the topic. This review started with 15,547 peer-reviewed articles. Those were systematically narrowed to a total of 16 of the most recent pieces of empirical science on the topic. The final articles were thematically analyzed. Findings suggest (a) cultural stigma around constructions of masculinity, (b) fear of disclosure, and (c) negative experiences with criminal justice and support system responses, among the highest drivers for the disparate experience and hesitation to seek help.
Using Classification of Instructional Program Codes in HRD: Invited Reaction
Authors: Roberts Paul B.
Published: June 2023

This reaction begins by highlighting four strengths of the article: (a) the clear introduction of CIP codes and how they are utilized; (b) where the discipline of HRD fits with the CIP code system; (c) the illustration of how CIP data can be utilized in HRD research; (d) the call for faculty to become more aware or CIP codes and impacts of this system upon programs. This reaction will also present some challenges and highlight an important use of CIP codes that was not discussed in the article. This reaction will then present a case that demonstrates why we as HRD program leaders cannot ignore the importance of CIP codes. Finally, implications of CIP codes for HRD and the role of higher education faculty members will be presented. The Rose (2023) manuscript holds valuable information that can lead to better program data and possibly some new streams of HRD research.