bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ball Throwing Without a Ball: Pantomimed Motor Execution Primes the Imagination That an Object is Traveling the Required Distance
Authors: Tanaka Hideyuki , Mizuno Wataru , Iwami Masato
Published: September 2015

This study used a pantomime paradigm to investigate whether simulated motor actions are generally effective in estimating the force necessary to accurately drive an object toward the required target. Eleven subjects were asked to vertically throw a rubber ball toward three different targets and then catch it, all while sitting in a chair (ACT). In addition, they performed the same task under a condition whereby mechanical interactions with the rubber ball were minimized. This condition encompassed two different modes: pantomime (PANTO) and imagination without swings (IMAGE). PANTO reproduced the motor patterns observed during ACT. The maximum amplitudes and maximum accelerations of the upward swing movements scaled well in linear proportion to the target distances, although the maximum accelerations were significantly smaller than those in the ACT trials. IMAGE led to the overestimation of the ball’s flight time, which is represented by the release-catch intervals. PANTO significantly reduced this tendency. These results suggest that pantomimed motor execution can prime more realistic mental simulations of object motion when compared with purely imagined motor execution.
RIPK1 and NF-κB signaling in dying cells determines cross-priming of CD8
+
T cells
Authors: Yatim Nader , Jusforgues-Saklani Hélène , Orozco Susana , Schulz Oliver , Barreira da Silva Rosa , Reis e Sousa Caetano , Green Douglas R. , Oberst Andrew , Albert Matthew L.
Published: September 2015

Dying to impress the immune system

Besides reacting to microbes, T cells can also mount immune responses to fragments of dying cells, which they encounter displayed on dendritic cells. Not all dying cells activate T cells, however, so what differentiates the dying cells that do? Yatim
et al.
studied two forms of programmed cells death: apoptosis and necroptosis. Using mouse cells in culture and mouse models of inflammatory cell death and anti-tumor immunity, they found that programmed cell death initiated T cell immunity only when the dying cells signaled through the enzyme RIPK1 and the transcription factor NF-κB.

Science
, this issue p.
328
Genome Sequence of Porphyromonas gingivalis Strain A7436
Authors: Chastain-Gross Ryan P. , Xie Gary , Bélanger Myriam , Kumar Dibyendu , Whitlock Joan A. , Liu Li , Farmerie William G. , Daligault Hajnalka E. , Han Cliff S. , Brettin Thomas S. , Progulske-Fox Ann
Published: September 2015

Porphyromonas gingivalis
is strongly associated with periodontitis.
P. gingivalis
strain trafficking and tissue homing differ widely, even among presumptive closely related strains, such as W83 and A7436. Here, we present the genome sequence of A7436 with a single contig of 2,367,029 bp and a G+C content of 48.33%.
Draft Genome Sequence of Dichelobacter nodosus ATCC 25549, Strain VPI 2340 [11342], a Bacterium Causing Footrot in Sheep
Authors: Jackson Alexandra , Humbert María Victoria , Pandey Anish , Bratcher Holly , Christodoulides Myron
Published: September 2015

We report a draft genome sequence for
Dichelobacter nodosus
ATCC 25549, strain VPI 2340 [11342], a causative agent of ovine footrot. The draft genome shares ~98% gene similarity with the available genome of
D. nodosus
strain VCS1703A but is differentiated by extensive gene duplication and the absence of 13 particular genes.
Near-Complete Genome Sequence of the Cellulolytic Bacterium
Bacteroides
(
Pseudobacteroides
)
cellulosolvens
ATCC 35603
Authors: Dassa Bareket , Utturkar Sagar , Hurt Richard A. , Klingeman Dawn M. , Keller Martin , Xu Jian , Reddy Y. Harish Kumar , Borovok Ilya , Rozman Grinberg Inna , Lamed Raphael , Zhivin Olga , Bayer Edward A. , Brown Steven D.
Published: September 2015

We report the single-contig genome sequence of the anaerobic, mesophilic, cellulolytic bacterium,
Bacteroides cellulosolvens
. The bacterium produces a particularly elaborate cellulosome system, wherein the types of cohesin-dockerin interactions are opposite of other known cellulosome systems: cell-surface attachment is thus mediated via type-I interactions, whereas enzymes are integrated via type-II interactions.
Complete Genome Sequence of Rotavirus Group C Isolated in South Korea
Authors: Kim Dong-Uk , Park Kwi-Sung , Kim Jae-Kyung , Kang Shien-Young , Yoon Kyung-Ah
Published: September 2015

Rotavirus group C is the major etiological agent associated with acute gastroenteritis in all human age groups. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of human group C rotavirus (GpC-RV) isolated in South Korea.
Draft Genome Sequence of the First NDM-1-Producing Providencia stuartii Strain Isolated in Portugal
Authors: Manageiro Vera , Sampaio Daniel A. , Pereira Patrícia , Rodrigues Paulo , Vieira Luís , Palos Carlos , Caniça Manuela
Published: September 2015

We report here the draft genome sequence of the first NDM-1-producing
Providencia stuartii
strain isolated in Portugal. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of an incompatibility group A/C2 (IncA/C2) plasmid and of diverse acquired genes conferring resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, macrolides, chloramphenicol, and sulfonamides. This sequence contributes to the evaluation of the spread of NDM-1 producers.
Complete Genome Sequences of Helicoverpa armigera Single Nucleopolyhedrovirus Strains AC53 and H25EA1 from Australia
Authors: Noune Christopher , Hauxwell Caroline
Published: September 2015

We report here the genome sequences of two alphabaculoviruses of
Helicoverpa
spp. from Australia: AC53, used in the biopesticides ViVUS and ViVUS Max, and H25EA1, used in
in vitro
production studies.
Draft Genome Perspective of Staphylococcus saprophyticus Strain SU8, an
N
-Acyl Homoserine Lactone-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Chan Kok-Gan , Sulaiman Joanita , Yong Delicia Ann , Tee Kok Keng , Yin Wai-Fong , Priya Kumutha
Published: September 2015

Staphylococcus saprophyticus
strain SU8 was isolated from a pristine water source in Malaysia and it exhibited degradation of
N-
hexanoylhomoserine lactone. Here we report the draft genome sequence of
S. saprophyticus
strain SU8 to further understand its quorum quenching abilities.
Complete Genome Sequences of
Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid
from a Single Peach Cultivar
Authors: Jo Yeonhwa , Yoo Su-Hyun , Chu Hyosub , Cho Jin Kyong , Choi Hoseong , Yoon Ju-Yeon , Choi Seung-Kook , Cho Won Kyong
Published: September 2015

Peach latent mosaic viroid
(PLMVd) is a member of the genus
Pelamoviroid
in the family
Avsunviroidae
and infects peach trees. We
de novo
assembled a PLMVd genome from a peach transcriptome and identified 18 variants in a single peach cultivar, after sequencing 20 PLMVd genomes by Sanger sequencing.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Pathogenic O86:H25 Sequence Type 57 Escherichia coli Strain Isolated from Poultry and Carrying 12 Acquired Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Authors: Jones-Dias Daniela , Manageiro Vera , Sampaio Daniel Ataíde , Vieira Luís , Caniça Manuela
Published: September 2015

Escherichia coli
is a commensal bacterium that is frequently associated with multidrug-resistant zoonotic and foodborne infections. Here, we report the 5.6-Mbp draft genome sequence of an
E. coli
recovered from poultry, which encodes multiple acquired antibiotic resistance determinants, virulence factors, pathogenicity determinants, and mobile genetic elements.
A Low-Power Edge Detection Technique for Sensor Wake-Up Applications
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Haibo , Wen Guangjun
Published: September 2015

A novel low-power edge detection circuit is presented in this work. Upon the arrival of signal falling edge, the proposed design establishes a small voltage difference between the gate and source terminals of a MOS transistor which slightly increases the MOS transistor leakage current. A current integration-based approach is used to robustly sense the current change and subsequently detect the signal falling edge. The design is suitable for ultra-low-power sensor wake-up circuits. Design guidelines for achieving optimal detection sensitivity as well as the implementation of calibration circuits for coping with process variations and mismatches are discussed in the paper. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed circuit.
Design Methodologies for Reversible Logic Based Barrel Shifters
Authors: Kotiyal Saurabh , Thapliyal Himanshu
Published: September 2015

Barrel shifter is an integral component of processor datapaths in computing systems since it can shift and rotate multiple bits in a single cycle. Furthermore, reversible logic has applications in emerging computing paradigms such as quantum computing, quantum dot cellular automata, optical computing, etc. In this work, we propose efficient methodologies for designing reversible barrel shifters. The proposed methodologies are designed using Fredkin gate and Feynman gate (FG). The Fredkin gate is used because it can implement a 2:1 MUX with minimum quantum cost, minimum number of ancilla inputs and garbage outputs, and the Feynman gate is used to avoid a fanout since a fanout is not allowed in reversible logic. In the existing literature, design methodologies are limited to the design of a ([Formula: see text]) reversible left rotator that can only perform the left rotate operation. This work explores the other primary functionalities of a reversible barrel shifter such as the design of a reversible: (i) logical right shifter, (ii) universal right shifter that supports logical right shifter, arithmetic right shifter and right rotate operation, (iii) bidirectional logical shifter and (iv) universal bidirectional shifter that supports bidirectional logical and arithmetic shifter and rotate operations. The other types of reversible barrel shifters can also be easily designed by making minor modifications in the proposed methodologies. The proposed design methodologies are generic in nature and can be implemented using any barrel shifter of ([Formula: see text]) size, where n and k are the number of data bits and shift value, respectively. In order to minimize the number of ancilla inputs and garbage outputs, strategies such as the implementation of an n number of 2:1 MUXes as a chain of n Fredkin gates and the mapping of the two different 2:1 MUXes that are controlled by a common control signal but having the swapped controlled signals on a single Fredkin gate, are utilized. The design methodologies are evaluated in terms of the number of garbage outputs, the number of ancilla inputs and quantum cost. For a ([Formula: see text]) reversible barrel shifter, the relations between the varying values of n and k and their impact on the number of garbage outputs, the number of ancilla inputs and quantum cost are also established to help the designers in choosing an efficient barrel shifter according to their design needs.
Future global nonlinear stability of surface symmetric solutions of the Einstein–Vlasov system with a cosmological constant
Authors: Nungesser Ernesto
Published: September 2015

We show future global nonlinear stability of surface symmetric solutions of the Einstein–Vlasov system with a positive cosmological constant. Estimates of higher derivatives of the metric and the matter terms are obtained using an inductive argument. In a recent research monograph Ringström shows future nonlinear stability of (not necessarily symmetric) solutions of the Einstein–Vlasov system with a nonlinear scalar field if certain local estimates on the geometry and the matter terms are fulfilled. We show that these assumptions are satisfied at late times for the case under consideration here which together with Cauchy stability leads to our main conclusion.
Evaluating the Adequacy and Quality of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Reports in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Saif Samia , Mehmood Asim , Chaudhry Muhammad Nawaz , Akhtar Sana
Published: September 2015

This paper evaluated the quality of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports submitted to EPA Punjab, Pakistan during 2005–2013 (2005 is the period when the practice became more common) prepared by different consultants and investigated whether the information provided in the report is adequate for ultimate decision making by using a comprehensive checklist. Data was collected through interviews, EPA library and Punjab public library. The results are presented in graphical form after the detailed review of randomly selected 100 EIA reports submitted to EPA Punjab during the study period. The selected EIA reports were prepared for new development projects, expansion/extension projects, rehabilitation projects and also for funding projects by donor agencies i.e. World Bank and ADB. The study revealed that the reports prepared for international funding agencies contained adequate data whereas the assessment report prepared by the consultants for local development project were lacking in substantial primary data and adequate evidences, showing lack of commitment towards sustainable development and environment protection.
Genetic Dissection of the Host Tropism of Human-Tropic Pathogens
Authors: Douam Florian , Gaska Jenna M. , Winer Benjamin Y. , Ding Qiang , von Schaewen Markus , Ploss Alexander
Published: September 2015

Infectious diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although the host multitropism of some pathogens has rendered their manipulation possible in animal models, the human-restricted tropism of numerous viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites has seriously hampered our understanding of these pathogens. Hence, uncovering the genetic basis underlying the narrow tropism of such pathogens is critical for understanding their mechanisms of infection and pathogenesis. Moreover, such genetic dissection is essential for the generation of permissive animal models that can serve as critical tools for the development of therapeutics or vaccines against challenging human pathogens. In this review, we describe different experimental approaches utilized to uncover the genetic foundation regulating pathogen host tropism as well as their relevance for studying the tropism of several important human pathogens. Finally, we discuss the current and future uses of this knowledge for generating genetically modified animal models permissive for these pathogens.
Virus-Based Nanoparticles as Versatile Nanomachines
Authors: Koudelka Kristopher J. , Pitek Andrzej S. , Manchester Marianne , Steinmetz Nicole F.
Published: September 2015

Nanoscale engineering is revolutionizing the way we prevent, detect, and treat diseases. Viruses have played a special role in these developments because they can function as prefabricated nanoscaffolds that have unique properties and are easily modified. The interiors of virus particles can encapsulate and protect sensitive compounds, while the exteriors can be altered to display large and small molecules in precisely defined arrays. These properties of viruses, along with their innate biocompatibility, have led to their development as actively targeted drug delivery systems that expand on and improve current pharmaceutical options. Viruses are naturally immunogenic, and antigens displayed on their surface have been used to create vaccines against pathogens and to break self-tolerance to initiate an immune response to dysfunctional proteins. Densely and specifically aligned imaging agents on viruses have allowed for high-resolution and noninvasive visualization tools to detect and treat diseases earlier than previously possible. These and future applications of viruses have created an exciting new field within the disciplines of both nanotechnology and medicine.
Effects of nerve growth factor antagonist K252a on peritoneal mast cell degranulation: implications for rat postoperative ileus
Authors: Berdún Sergio , Rychter Jakub , Vergara Patri
Published: September 2015

Stabilization of mast cell (MC) degranulation has been proposed to prevent postoperative ileus (POI). Nerve growth factor (NGF) mediates MC degranulation. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether NGF receptor antagonist K252a acts as a MC stabilizer in vitro and in vivo model of POI. Peritoneal mast cells (PMCs) were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats and were incubated with K252a and exposed to NGF or Compound 48/80 (C48/80). MC degranulation was assessed by β-hexosaminidase assay. POI was induced in rats by intestinal manipulation (IM). Rats were pretreated with K252a (100 μg/kg sc) 20 min prior to POI induction. At 20 min after IM, release of rat mast cell protease 6 (RMCP-6) was evaluated in peritoneal lavage. At 24 h, intestinal transit (IT) and gastric emptying (GE) were evaluated. Ileal inflammation was assessed by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, expression of IL-6, NGF, TrkA, RMCP-2 and 6, and MC density within the full-thickness ileum. C48/80 and NGF evoked degranulation of PMCs in a dose-dependent manner. K252a prevented NGF-evoked, but not C48/80-evoked, MC degranulation. IM evoked the release of peritoneal RMCP-6 and subsequently delayed IT and GE. IM increased MPO activity and expression of IL-6. In IM rats, K252a prevented upregulation of IL-6 expression and reduced TrkA. IT, GE, and inflammation were not affected by K252a. K252a inhibited NGF-evoked degranulation of PMCs in vitro. In vivo, K252a decreased IL-6 and PMC degranulation. This may be of relevance for the development of new therapeutic targets for POI.
MicroRNAs mediate the cardioprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in acute kidney injury
Authors: Rana Indrajeetsinh , Velkoska Elena , Patel Sheila K. , Burrell Louise M. , Charchar Fadi J.
Published: September 2015

Cardiovascular disease, including cardiac hypertrophy, is common in patients with kidney disease and can be partially attenuated using blockers of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). It is unknown whether cardiac microRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy or to the protective effect of RAS blockade in kidney disease. Using a subtotal nephrectomy rat model of kidney injury, we investigated changes in cardiac microRNAs that are known to have direct target genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. The effect of treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramipril on cardiac microRNAs was also investigated. Kidney injury led to a significant increase in cardiac microRNA-212 and microRNA-132 expression. Ramipril reduced cardiac hypertrophy, attenuated the increase in microRNA-212 and microRNA-132, and significantly increased microRNA-133 and microRNA-1 expression. There was altered expression of caspase-9, B cell lymphoma-2, transforming growth factor-β, fibronectin 1, collagen type 1A1, and forkhead box protein O3, which are all known to be involved in the regulation of apoptosis, fibrosis, and hypertrophy in cardiac cells while being targets for the above microRNAs. ACE inhibitor treatment increased expression of microRNA-133 and microRNA-1. The inhibitory action of ACE inhibitor treatment on increased cardiac NADPH oxidase isoform 1 expression after subtotal nephrectomy surgery suggests that inhibition of oxidative stress is also one of mechanism of ACE inhibitor-mediated cardioprotection. These finding suggests the involvement of microRNAs in the cardioprotective action of ACE inhibition in acute renal injury, which is mediated through an inhibitory action on profibrotic and proapoptotic target genes and stimulatory action on antihypertrophic and antiapoptotic target genes.
Ras Signaling Is a Key Determinant for Metastatic Dissemination and Poor Survival of Luminal Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Wright Katherine L. , Adams Jessica R. , Liu Jeff C. , Loch Amanda J. , Wong Ruth G. , Jo Christine E.B. , Beck Lauren A. , Santhanam Divya R. , Weiss Laura , Mei Xue , Lane Timothy F. , Koralov Sergei B. , Done Susan J. , Woodgett James R. , Zacksenhaus Eldad , Hu Pingzhao , Egan Sean E.
Published: September 2015

Breast cancer is associated with alterations in a number of growth factor and hormone-regulated signaling pathways. Mouse models of metastatic breast cancer typically feature mutated oncoproteins that activate PI3K, Stat3, and Ras signaling, but the individual and combined roles of these pathways in breast cancer progression are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the relationship between oncogenic pathway activation and breast cancer subtype by analyzing mouse mammary tumor formation in which each pathway was activated singly or pairwise. All three oncogenes showed cooperation during primary tumor formation, but efficient dissemination was only dependent on Ras. In addition, transcriptional profiling demonstrated that Ras induced adenocarcinomas with molecular characteristics related to human basal-like and HER2+ tumors. In contrast, Ras combined with PIK3CAH1047R, an oncogenic mutant linked to ERα+/luminal breast cancer in humans, induced metastatic luminal B-like tumors. Consistent with these data, elevated Ras signaling was associated with basal-like and HER2+ subtype tumors in humans and showed a statistically significant negative association with estrogen receptor (ER) signaling across all breast cancer. Despite this, there are luminal tumors with elevated Ras signaling. Importantly, when considered as a continuous variable, Ras pathway activation was strongly linked to reduced survival of patients with ERα+ disease independent of PI3K or Stat3 activation. Therefore, our studies suggest that Ras activation is a key determinant for dissemination and poor prognosis of ERα+/luminal breast cancer in humans, and hormone therapy supplemented with Ras-targeting agents may be beneficial for treating this aggressive subtype. Cancer Res; 75(22); 4960–72. ©2015 AACR.
A Novel Quantitative Multiplex Tissue Immunoblotting for Biomarkers Predicts a Prostate Cancer Aggressive Phenotype
Authors: Zhu Guangjing , Liu Zhi , Epstein Jonathan I. , Davis Christine , Christudass Christhunesa S. , Carter H. Ballentine , Landis Patricia , Zhang Hui , Chung Joon-Yong , Hewitt Stephen M. , Miller M. Craig , Veltri Robert W.
Published: September 2015

Background: Early prediction of disease progression in men with very low-risk (VLR) prostate cancer who selected active surveillance (AS) rather than immediate treatment could reduce morbidity associated with overtreatment.

Methods: We evaluated the association of six biomarkers [Periostin, (−5, −7) proPSA, CACNA1D, HER2/neu, EZH2, and Ki-67] with different Gleason scores and biochemical recurrence (BCR) on prostate cancer TMAs of 80 radical prostatectomy (RP) cases. Multiplex tissue immunoblotting (MTI) was used to assess these biomarkers in cancer and adjacent benign areas of 5 μm sections. Multivariate logistic regression (MLR) was applied to model our results.

Results: In the RP cases, CACNA1D, HER2/neu, and Periostin expression were significantly correlated with aggressive phenotype in cancer areas. An MLR model in the cancer area yielded a ROC-AUC = 0.98, whereas in cancer-adjacent benign areas, yielded a ROC-AUC = 0.94. CACNA1D and HER2/neu expression combined with Gleason score in a MLR model yielded a ROC-AUC = 0.79 for BCR prediction. In the small biopsies from an AS cohort of 61 VLR cases, an MLR model for prediction of progressors at diagnosis retained (−5, −7) proPSA and CACNA1D, yielding a ROC-AUC of 0.78, which was improved to 0.82 after adding tPSA into the model.

Conclusions: The molecular profile of biomarkers is capable of accurately predicting aggressive prostate cancer on retrospective RP cases and identifying potential aggressive prostate cancer requiring immediate treatment on the AS diagnostic biopsy but limited in BCR prediction.

Impact: Comprehensive profiling of biomarkers using MTI predicts prostate cancer aggressive phenotype in RP and AS biopsies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(12); 1864–72. ©2015 AACR.
The Opposing Function of STAT3 as an Oncoprotein and Tumor Suppressor Is Dictated by the Expression Status of STAT3β in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Hai-Feng , Chen Ye , Wu Chengsheng , Wu Zhi-Yong , Tweardy David J. , Alshareef Abdulraheem , Liao Lian-Di , Xue Yu-Jie , Wu Jian-Yi , Chen Bo , Xu Xiu-E , Gopal Keshav , Gupta Nidhi , Li En-Min , Xu Li-Yan , Lai Raymond
Published: September 2015

Purpose: STAT3 is known to have both oncogenic and tumor suppressive effects, but the regulation of these opposing effects is elusive. We hypothesized that STAT3β, one of the two STAT3 isoforms, is the key determinant in this context.

Experimental Design: The prognostic significance of STAT3β and phospho-STAT3αY705 (pSTAT3αY705) was evaluated in 286 cases of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). STAT3β-induced changes in the chemosensitivity to cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. STAT3β-induced changes in the frequency of cancer stem cells were evaluated using Hoechst and CD44 staining. How STAT3β regulates STAT3α was determined using immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, DNA-binding, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR.

Results: STAT3β expression is an independent protective prognostic marker in patients with ESCC, which strongly correlated with longer overall survival (P = 0.0009) and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.0001). STAT3β significantly decreased the cancer stem cell population, and sensitized ESCC cells to cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in tumor xenografts. Mechanistically, STAT3β markedly attenuated the transcription activity of STAT3α via inducing STAT3α:STAT3β heterodimers. However, the heterodimer formation decreased the binding between STAT3α and PTPN9 (better known as PTP-MEG2), a protein tyrosine phosphatase, thereby promoting the phosphorylation of STAT3αY705 and enhancing its nuclear translocation and DNA binding. Correlating with this, high STAT3β expression converts the prognostic value of pSTAT3αY705 from unfavorable to favorable in patients with ESCC.

Conclusions: STAT3β suppresses chemoresistance and cancer stemness by blocking the transcriptional activity of STAT3α. The paradoxical increase in pSTAT3αY705 induced by STAT3β carries important implications as to how the biologic and prognostic significance of STAT3 in cancers should be interpreted. Clin Cancer Res; 22(3); 691–703. ©2015 AACR.
Оптимізація лікувальної тактики у хворих з виразковими гастродуоденальними кровотечами
Authors: КОМАРНИЦЬКИЙ Є. С. , ЛАЗЬКО В. М. , БАБІН І. О. , КУЦИК І. Я. , КОМАРНИЦЬКИЙ А. Є.
Published: September 2015

Проведено ретроспективний аналіз лікування 3220 хворих з шлунково-кишковими кровотечами, які перебували у відділенні ургентної хірургії за період з 1983 до 2013 р. Серед них виразкові гастродуоденальні кровотечі (ВГДК) були виявлені у 1902 (59,1 %) хворих. Застосування комплексної діагностично-лікувальної програми, яка базується на ранній ендоскопічній діагностиці кровоточивої виразки в поєднанні з прецизійним ендоскопічним гемостазом (в т. ч. з використанням аргоново-плазмової коагуляції), доповненим сучасною медикаментозною терапією, дозволило знизити хірургічну активність у лікуванні гострих ВГДК з 48 до 8,5 %, зменшити післяопераційну летальність з 7,4 до 4,0 % та загальну летальність з 6,1 до 1,4 %.
Гострі бактерійні абсцеси печінки: особливості діагностики та хірургічного лікування
Authors: ПОЛЯЦКО К. Г.
Published: September 2015

Проаналізовано результати хірургічного лікування 52 пацієнтів із гострими бактерійними абсцесами печінки. Встановлено, що сонографічне дослідження печінки не дозволяє виключити наявність у хворого гострого бактерійного абсцесу печінки. Чутливість сонографії у встановленні даного діагнозу складає лише 76,9 % і залежить від стадії формування гнояка. Ефективність пункційно-аспіраційних та дренуючих втручань під контролем сонографії в лікуванні гострих бактерійних абсцесів печінки склала 71,2 %.
Avaliação discente é importante ferramenta no aperfeiçoamento dos cursos de anatomia clínica
Authors: Andrade Mauro F. Carvalho , Akamatsu Flávia A. , Hojaij Flavio Carneiro , Jacomo Alfredo Luiz
Published: September 2015

Introdução: O conhecimento médico e a demanda docente estão em constante e progressiva mudança e os processos pedagógicos devem ser adaptados conforme as necessidades para prover o máximo rendimento. Analisamos retrospectivamente a avaliação discente de três métodos diferentes utilizados no curso de Anatomia Clínica da FMUSP na última década. Métodos: A Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo oferece avaliação sistemática de cada Disciplina, com avaliação dos estudantes de 38 diferentes aspectos relacionados ao curso, de estrutura física até a qualidade das aulas. Neste estudo, métodos diferentes de ensino de Anatomia Clínica para os alunos de 2o e 3o anos de Medicina foram confrontados com as avaliações discentes ao final do curso. Foram analisadas as mudanças pedagógicas no curso desde 1994 até o presente e seu impacto baseado na avaliação dos estudantes. Resultados: Observou-se melhora significativa na avaliação geral quando o curso foi mudado da técnica de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas para uma abordagem mais formal, com aulas teóricas dadas por especialistas, em sua maioria convidada de outras Disciplinas da Faculdade. Uma avaliação ainda mais positiva ocorreu quando os aspectos práticos focaram aspectos demonstrados em aulas teóricas, na sua maioria dada por especialistas com formação em Anatomia. Discussão: A avaliação dos estudantes permite aos coordenadores do curso redirecionar os objetivos e os métodos pedagógicos para ajustar o formato do curso como necessário. As notas finais também podem ser analisadas conjuntamente para que a efetividade do método empregado possa ser avaliada em conjunto com a avaliação discente. Conclusão: A contínua avaliação dos estudantes é essencial para que os coordenadores dos cursos possam adequar suas estratégias para enfrentar os desafios atuais dos processos pedagógicos e obter os melhores resultados nos cursos de Anatomia Clínica.
Epigenetics in the Vascular Endothelium
Authors: Yan Matthew S. , Marsden Philip A.
Published: September 2015

Cardiovascular diseases are commonly thought to be complex, non-Mendelian diseases that are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. A growing body of evidence suggests that epigenetic pathways play a key role in vascular biology and might be involved in defining and transducing cardiovascular disease inheritability. In this review, we argue the importance of epigenetics in vascular biology, especially from the perspective of endothelial cell phenotype. We highlight and discuss the role of epigenetic modifications across the transcriptional unit of protein-coding genes, especially the role of intragenic chromatin modifications, which are underappreciated and not well characterized in the current era of genome-wide studies. Importantly, we describe the practical application of epigenetics in cardiovascular disease therapeutics.
Markov Chain Analysis of Cumulative Step-Size Adaptation on a Linear Constrained Problem
Authors: Chotard Alexandre , Auger Anne , Hansen Nikolaus
Published: September 2015

This paper analyzes a [Formula: see text]-Evolution Strategy, a randomized comparison-based adaptive search algorithm optimizing a linear function with a linear constraint. The algorithm uses resampling to handle the constraint. Two cases are investigated: first, the case where the step-size is constant, and second, the case where the step-size is adapted using cumulative step-size adaptation. We exhibit for each case a Markov chain describing the behavior of the algorithm. Stability of the chain implies, by applying a law of large numbers, either convergence or divergence of the algorithm. Divergence is the desired behavior. In the constant step-size case, we show stability of the Markov chain and prove the divergence of the algorithm. In the cumulative step-size adaptation case, we prove stability of the Markov chain in the simplified case where the cumulation parameter equals 1, and discuss steps to obtain similar results for the full (default) algorithm where the cumulation parameter is smaller than 1. The stability of the Markov chain allows us to deduce geometric divergence or convergence, depending on the dimension, constraint angle, population size, and damping parameter, at a rate that we estimate. Our results complement previous studies where stability was assumed.
Cultural evolution of killer whale calls: background, mechanisms and consequences
Authors: Filatova Olga A. , Samarra Filipa I.P. , Deecke Volker B. , Ford John K.B. , Miller Patrick J.O. , Yurk Harald
Published: September 2015

Cultural evolution is a powerful process shaping behavioural phenotypes of many species including our own. Killer whales are one of the species with relatively well-studied vocal culture. Pods have distinct dialects comprising a mix of unique and shared call types; calves adopt the call repertoire of their matriline through social learning. We review different aspects of killer whale acoustic communication to provide insights into the cultural transmission and gene-culture co-evolution processes that produce the extreme diversity of group and population repertoires. We argue that the cultural evolution of killer whale calls is not a random process driven by steady error accumulation alone: temporal change occurs at different speeds in different components of killer whale repertoires, and constraints in call structure and horizontal transmission often degrade the phylogenetic signal. We discuss the implications from bird song and human linguistic studies, and propose several hypotheses of killer whale dialect evolution.
Land Reform and Serbian Colonization
Authors: Jovanović Vladan
Published: September 2015

The disintegration of the Ottoman Empire caused major demographic shifts in the Balkans. After the forced exchange of Greek and Turkish populations, the experience of the new Yugoslav state has received the greatest historical attention. Western historiography has emphasized the statements and efforts of a Serbian-led government to replace Muslim Albanians and Turks with Serbs. This paper, based on relevant historiography and unpublished archival material, reexamines the process of Serb colonization in Macedonia and Kosovo between the Two World Wars, including the Muslim migration from Yugoslavia to Turkey. It acknowledges the Serbian rationale for repopulating Kosovo, in particular, but goes on to emphasize the problems of an agrarian reform intended to favor smallholders across all of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, but also to facilitate the colonization project. Overseen by a new Belgrade Ministry for Agrarian Reform that was unable to fund the support needed for the colonists or to prevent local corruption, the reform failed to keep enough settlers in place to reverse the balance of population.
New combinations for the South American Cissus striata clade (Vitaceae)
Authors: Lombardi Julio
Published: September 2015

Phylogenetic studies based on plastid and nuclear data (Soejima & Wen 2006, Wen et al. 2007, Ren et al. 2011, Nie et al. 2012, Rodrigues et al. 2014) have shown that Ampelopsis Michaux (1803: 159) and Cissus Linnaeus (1753: 117) (Vitaceae) are paraphyletic genera.
Rhopalostroma brevistipitatum sp. nov. from Thailand with an extended generic description for Rhopalostroma
Authors: Daranagama Dinushani Anupama , LIU XINGZHONG , CHAMYUANG SUNITA , STADLER MARC , BAHKALI ALI , HYDE KEVIN DAVID
Published: September 2015

Rhopalostroma species were collected from Northern Thailand and subjected to morph-molecular analysis. One species possessed small, clavate stromata, with short and stout stipes, asci with an amyloid apical apparatus and ellipsoidal, dark ascospores with germ slits. Morphology and combined phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, β-tubulin and RPB2 sequence data, showed it to be a new Rhopalostroma species introduced herein as R. brevistipitatum. A nodulisporium-like asexual morph was produced in culture. A morphological description and photographs of R. brevistipitatum are provided in this paper, with amendments to the generic description.
Impatiens xanthinoides (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China
Authors: Xiu-Zhen CAI , Guang-Wan HU , Yi-Yan CONG
Published: September 2015

Impatiens xanthinoides (Balsaminaceae) sp. nov. from Yunnan Province, China is described and illustrated. This species is similar to I. xanthina and I. fugongensis in plant height, golden-yellow flowers, lateral sepals 2, stamen 5 with obtuse apex, and 5-carpellate ovary. However, it differs with that two species in the lower sepal obconic with red striae, dorsal petal glabrous, the lateral united petals stipitate with fan-shaped, apex acute lower lobes, and fusiform capsule. The detailed morphological characters, diagnostic comparisons, habitat and micromorphology of seeds and pollen grains under scanning electron microscope (SEM) are presented. According to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, I. xanthinoides is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR B1a; B1b(ii)) because of its limited distribution rang and decline of mature individuals.
One new species of Ptomaphaminus Perreau, 2000 (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini) from a granitic subterranean environment in Vietnam
Authors: PERREAU MICHEL , FAILLE ARNAUD
Published: September 2015

Ptomaphaminus granophilus n. sp. from Vietnam is described and illustrated. The special subterranean biotope of this species, deep interstices in a granitic blockfield, is emphasized.
Four new species of free-living marine nematodes of the family Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodorida) and a redescription of Desmodora nini (Inglis, 1963) from the continental shelf off northeastern Brazil
Authors: LARRAZÁBAL-FILHO ALEXANDRE L. , SILVA MARIA CRISTINA DA , ESTEVES ANDRÉ M.
Published: September 2015

Four new species of marine nematodes were collected from the continental shelf of the Potiguar Basin in northeastern Brazil. Zalonema vicentei sp. n. and Zalonema mariae sp. n. are characterized by having multispiral fovea amphidialis, lateral alae and ventral ala. These features also are found in Pseudochromadora, Desmodorella and Psammonema. They differ in the cephalic arrangement, and shape of the cephalic capsule and the fovea amphidialis. Croconema fortis sp. n. resembles Desmodora in the shape of the fovea amphidialis and cephalic capsule, but differs in the number of subcephalic setae and ornamentation on the cuticule. Desmodora paraconica sp. n. is characterized by the loop-shaped fovea amphidialis and the long conical-cylindrical tail. This species is similar to the genus Bolbonema, but differs in having the cephalic setae anterior to the fovea amphidialis. Desmodora nini is redescribed, to record details lacking in the original description.
Rossella podagrosa Kirkpatrick, 1907—A valid species after all
Authors: Göcke Christian , Janussen Dorte , Reiswig Henry M. , Jarrell Shannon C. , Dayton Paul K.
Published: September 2015

In this study we provide evidence that the species Rossella podagrosa Kirkpatrick, 1907, commonly considered a synonym of Rossella racovitzae Topsent, 1901, is truly a valid species. We show that it can be clearly distinguished from other species especially when taking into consideration the in situ habitus of the sponge in combination with the spicules. Furthermore we demonstrate the weaknesses in the so far published synonymy concept for the very complicated genus Rossella Carter, 1872. From this we conclude that the best strategy for further analysis of Rossella and establishment of acceptable synonymies will need to be based on detailed examination of the spicules, the holotypes, and in situ habitus. When possible it will be useful to analyze specimens from all Antarctic oceanographic regions.
A review of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia with a description of a new species
Authors: COLEMAN RHYS A. , HOFFMANN ARY A. , RAADIK TARMO A.
Published: September 2015

The dwarf galaxias, Galaxiella pusilla (Mack), is a small, threatened freshwater fish from coastal south-eastern Australia. Recent genetic studies, using multiple nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers, found substantial differences between populations in western Victoria and south Australia (‘west region’) compared to eastern Victoria, Flinders Island, and Tasmania (‘east region’) that suggest the presence of a cryptic species. Morphological measurements and meristic counts from multiple populations within each region were undertaken to investigate potential differences between regions. Several characters, found to discriminate between individuals in the regions and to be diagnostic for two taxa, were used to describe a new species, Galaxiella toourtkoourt, for the west region. This is only the second species in the Galaxiidae to exhibit sexual dimorphism. The original description of Galaxiella pusilla, based on five specimens, is revised following examination of a large number of individuals. Both species are considered nationally threatened and are categorised as ‘endangered’; the revised distribution of G. pusilla s.s. is reduced by approximately 60%. A number of inconsistencies in the most recent revision of the genus Galaxiella are also corrected.
Remarks of the genus Mirollia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China
Authors: WANG GANG , WANG HAI-JIAN , SHI FU-MING
Published: September 2015

Mirollia species from China are discussed with six new species described. The male stridulatory structures and abdominal terminalia are used as the main taxonomic characters. The species are: M. maculosus sp. nov., M. terminalis sp. nov., M. petiolulata sp. nov., M. acutilobata sp. nov., M. amplecta sp. nov. and M. unispina sp. nov. Two species are reported as new records for China, namely M. caligata Ingrisch, 1998 and M. hexapinna Ingrisch, 1998, the female of M. deficientis Gorochov, 2005 is described for the first time. A key to species and a distribution map for the genus Mirollia in China are provided. All specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.
A new rock dwelling Hemidactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: MURTHY B.H.C.K. , BAUER AARON , LAJMI APARNA , AGARWAL ISHAN , GIRI VARAD B.
Published: September 2015

A distinct new species of gecko of the genus Hemidactylus is described from the Kanker district of Chhattisgarh State, east-central India. This large-sized (SVL average 81.33±13.40 to at least 98.0 mm) Hemidactylus is characterized by a dorsum with small granules, intermixed with 10–12 rows of irregularly arranged, slightly larger, rounded, weakly-keeled tubercles at midbody; 10–12 and 13–15 subdigital lamellae on the first and fourth digits, respectively, of both manus and pes; a single enlarged postcloacal tubercle on either side of the tail; 10–12 femoral pores on each thigh separated by 5–8 poreless scales; 12–14 supralabials and 10–12 infralabials.
Five new species of genus Kisaura Ross (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Himachal Pradesh (India)
Authors: PANDHER MANPREET SINGH , SAINI MALKIAT SINGH
Published: September 2015

Five new species of Kisaura Ross are described and illustrated from the Indian Himalaya. Newly described species are Kisaura trailaensis sp. n., K. barotensis sp. n., K. monospinata sp. n., K. sachensis sp. n. and K. curvata sp. n. In addition, K. madhyamika Schmid is recorded from Himachal Pradesh and a catalogue of Indian species of Kisaura is provided.
2. Making it Vernacular in Agra: The Practice of Translation by Seventeenth-Century Jains
Authors: Cort John E.
Published: September 2015

John Cort looks at how Jaina texts became subjects for discussion among a group of seventeenth-century literati who translated them. In doing so he elaborates a typology of translation (from Pearce via AK Ramanujan) that helps put into perspective many of the various interpretive moves by the re-tellers of tales discussed in the later chapters.
5. Note to Self: What Marathi Kirtankars’ Notebooks Suggest about Literacy, Performance, and the Travelling Performer in Pre-Colonial Maharashtra
Authors: Novetzke Christian Lee
Published: September 2015

This piece distils some of his ground-breaking work on badas, the notebooks of Namdev, which singers used as prompts for oral presentations. Novetzke abandons the familiar dialectic of literacy and orality for one of permanence and performance.
7. Did Surdas Perform the Bhāgavata-purāṇa?
Authors: Stratton Hawley John
Published: September 2015

Hawley utilises text history to analyse the verses of the songs attributed to the major Hindi poet-singer Surdas to find some consistencies in the earliest layer of the tradition which suggest what the historical person standing behind the text tradition was up to. As later tradition asserts, he was drawing from the Bhagvat Purana, but he wasn’t just confirming it. Instead, he was turning tales found in the scripture to his own ends, which often meant subverting it.
14. Raga in the Early Sixteenth Century
Authors: Miner Allyn
Published: September 2015

Allyn Miner’s chapter examines texts about ragas, placing them in devotional and artistic contexts as well as musical ones.
15. Learning to Taste the Emotions: The Mughal Rasika
Authors: Butler Schofield Katherine
Published: September 2015

Schofield provides the reader with a rich insight into Mughal connoisseurship in a context of cultural translation. She looks carefully at Persianate and Sanskritic aesthetic categories and courtly social contexts to demonstrate that Mughal patrons of Hindustani music appropriated the Indic notion of rasa to become sophisticated rasikas in a distinctively South Asian vein.
Clues to the chronology of Old Germanic loans in Romanian and in other South-East European languages
Authors: Poruciuc Adrian
Published: September 2015

Clues to the chronology of Old Germanic loans in Romanian and in other South-East European languagesThe present article is directly based on the handout of the talk this author gave at the International Conference on Balkan Linguistics (6-7 May, 2013, Toruń, Nicolaus Copernicus University); therefore the subchapters and paragraphs observe the arrangement of the materials included in that handout. The first part contains a chronological table that reflects mainstream archaeological-historical information regarding the history of military-political actions and achievements of the Old Germanic populations in south-east Europe between the 3rd century BC and the 6th century of our era. Then concrete textual proofs follow, which are chronologically arranged and briefly commented upon. Finally, the author proposes interdisciplinary approaches based mainly on reference of linguistic features to historical stages and evolutions. Źródła danych do ustalenia chronologii pożyczek starogermańskich w języku rumuńskim i w innych językach Europy południowo-wschodniejArtykuł przygotowano w oparciu o dane zamieszczone w materiałach do referatu na konferencję „International Conference on Balkan Linguistics” (6-7 maja 2013, Toruń, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika); porządek poszczególnych podsekcji i paragrafów artykułu jest zatem zgodny ze strukturą tej prezentacji. Część pierwsza zawiera chronologiczne przedstawienie istotnych materiałów archeologiczno-historycznych na temat działań o charakterze militarno-politycznym oraz zdobyczy ludów starogermańskich w Europie południowo-wschodniej w okresie od III w. p.n.e. do VI w. n.e. W dalszej części przytoczono i krótko skomentowano uporządkowane chronologicznie konkretne dowody językowe. Na końcu znajduje się propozycja interdyscyplinarnego podejścia do tematu, oparta głównie na odniesieniu cech językowych do odpowiednich etapów historii i ewolucji językowej.
Implications of macro-areal linguistics
Authors: Leschber Corinna
Published: September 2015

Implications of macro-areal linguisticsUsing the examples of some Balkan words with a difficult etymology, we attempt to show the possibilities for and implications of applying a macro-areal linguistic perspective to establish a wider view of the linguistic and cultural history of a region. Implikacje językoznawstwa makroarealnegoNa przykładzie niektórych bałkańskich słów o skomplikowanej etymologii autorka dokonuje próby pokazania możliwości i potencjału badawczego perspektywy makroarealnej. W każdym wypadku daje ona głębszy wgląd w historię, rozwój językowy i kulturowy tego regionu.