bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the likelihood of hypothyroidism in dogs diagnosed with and treated for hypothyroidism at primary care practices: 102 cases (2016‐2021)
Authors: Travail Victoria , Fernandez Sanchez Carolina , Costo Jose M. , Valentine Nicola , Conroy Megan , Lee Venessa , Bouziopoulos Dimitrios , Bateman Kathryn , Gatehouse Emma , Cruzado‐Perez Judith , Pollard Danica , Lamb Valerie , Juvet Florence , Kelly Darren
Published: February 2024

Background

There is a possibility that an incorrect diagnosis of hypothyroidism could be made in euthyroid dogs, and the prevalence of hypothyroidism in the dog population remains unknown.

Objectives

To retrospectively assess the percentage of dogs diagnosed with, and treated for, hypothyroidism at first opinion practice which are likely to be hypothyroid and require levothyroxine supplementation.

Animals

One hundred two client‐owned dogs were included in this study.

Materials and Methods

The computerized databases of 7 first opinion practices were searched to identify dogs treated with levothyroxine supplementation. Three European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine—Companian Animals (ECVIM‐CA) diplomates independently assigned 1 of 4 clinical assessments to each case as follows: confirmed or likely hypothyroid, hypothyroidism suspected but not confirmed, hypothyroidism considered unlikely, and no reason to suspect hypothyroidism. They commented as to whether or not they thought levothyroxine supplementation was appropriate.

Results

The clinical assessments of “confirmed or likely hypothyroid”; “Hypothyroidism suspected but not confirmed”; “Hypothyroidism considered unlikely”; and “No reason to suspect hypothyroidism” was assigned respectively by Clinician 1 to 38.2%, 5.9%, 3.9%, and 52% of cases, by Clinician 2 to 48%, 22.6%, 22.6%, 6.9% of cases, and by Clinician 3 to 55.9%, 11.8%, 13.7% and 18.6%. Clinician 1, Clinician 2, and Clinician 3 considered levothyroxine supplementation not indicated in 58.8%, 52.9%, and 45.1% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion

These results support the concern that hypothyroidism might be overly and incorrectly diagnosed in first opinion practice, and that thyroid function testing should be performed only in those dogs with a high pretest probability of the disease.
Reason for euthanasia in dogs with urothelial carcinoma treated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy or both: A retrospective observational study
Authors: McKenna Charly , Poirier Valerie J. , Oblak Michelle L. , Nykamp Stephanie , Mutsaers Anthony J.
Published: February 2024

Background

Clients want to know the ultimate cause of death in their pet after cancer treatment. The cause of euthanasia and investigation of urinary obstruction in treated dogs with urothelial carcinoma (UC) has not been specifically reported in veterinary literature.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Our hypothesis was that the majority of treated dogs with UC are euthanized secondary to primary tumor factors, such as urinary obstruction.

Animals

Fifty‐nine client‐owned dogs diagnosed with UC.

Methods

Retrospective observational study on clinical signs and disease at euthanasia of dogs with UC treated by radiation therapy or chemotherapy or both.

Results

The median overall survival time (OST) of all dogs was 339 days (range, 17‐1996; 95% confidence interval [CI], 185‐392; interquartile range [IQR], 112‐505). Of dogs deemed to have been euthanized because of UC (50/59, 85%), the primary cause was considered to be local progression in 31/50 (62%), most often because of perceived complete or partial urinary obstruction (24/31, 77%). No variables were found to be predictive of urinary obstruction. The overall documented metastatic rate was 56%. In dogs euthanized because of UC, metastasis was deemed to be the cause in 19/50 (38%) dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Regardless of the type of treatment, UC in dogs has a poor prognosis and there is a continuing need to improve treatments that focus on local control of the primary tumor, given its high contribution to the decision for euthanasia. Proactive management to avoid the high frequency of urinary obstruction may be worthy of future investigation.
Bertrand‐Cournot profit reversal under non‐commitment process innovation
Authors: Zhang Qidi , Wang Leonard F. S. , Mukherjee Arijit
Published: February 2024

We provide a new reason for Bertrand‐Cournot profit reversal. In a symmetric oligopoly, we show that firms get higher profits under Bertrand competition compared to Cournot competition under non‐commitment process innovation if the products are sufficiently differentiated and there is positive knowledge spillover. As the number of firms increases, the degree of product differentiation over which the profits are higher under Bertrand competition can increase. Higher outputs under Bertrand competition compared to Cournot competition generate higher R&D investments under the former than the latter, which is responsible for our result.
International expert meeting on the donation and use of human milk: Brief report
Authors: Weaver Gillian , Chatzixiros Efstratios , Biller‐Andorno Nikola , Grummer‐Strawn Laurence ,   the Human Milk Banking Consultative Working Group
Published: February 2024

Where a mother's own milk is not available or is insufficient, donor human milk (DHM) processed by a human milk bank (HMB) is the recommended next best alternative. HMBs exist in over 65 countries. However, most countries have yet to establish national policies or programmes that support the provision of DHM. In July 2019, a group of international experts in fields relevant to human milk banking gathered at a meeting organised by the Institute of Biomedical Ethics, University of Zurich, and co‐sponsored by the World Health Organisation. Prompted by the growing interest globally in creating and sustaining HMBs and addressing current safety and ethical concerns and standards, the aims of the meeting were to define knowledge gaps, determine the need for and scope of global guidelines and provide recommendations on steps that need to be taken at the international level. Following wide‐ranging discussions that included the integration of milk banks into health care systems, strategy and policy, quality and safety, the use of DHM and associated ethical considerations, the overall conclusion of the meeting was that in the absence of global recommendations on the implementation, operation and regulation of HMBs, evidence‐based guidance is urgently needed.
Microbiome‐conferred herbicides resistance
Authors: Zhang Fengge , Zhang Zheng , Wei Zhong , Liu Hongwei
Published: February 2024

This article is a Commentary on Hu et al. (2024), 242: 333–343.
The interplay between memory control and emotion regulation
Authors: Luo Yun , Wang Rui , Xie Hui , He Zhenhong
Published: February 2024

Memory control (MC) and emotion regulation (ER) are critical cognitive functions for adapting to life's challenges, drawing significant research attention. Accumulating evidence suggests these processes are interrelated, yet a comprehensive discussion of their interplay remains lacking. We introduce an integrative framework exploring the mutual influence between MC and ER, composed of two interrelated branches: first, MC aids in ER through the retrieval of positive memories, intentional forgetting of undesirable content, and the adaptive updating of memory stores. Second, ER impacts MC by upregulating positivity and downregulating negativity in memories. The framework spotlights the need to harness MC–ER interplay for future research. Potential directions include utilizing MC to amplify ER capabilities, training ER skills to refine MC performance, and modulating the cognitive and neural overlapping of both processes to improve both functions. Delving into the MC–ER nexus advances understanding of the intricate emotion–memory relationship and holds great promise for developing novel behavioral interventions.
Characteristics and outcomes of peripheral neuropathic pain patients with repeated applications of high‐concentration capsaicin cutaneous patch: Results of a retrospective chart review in Germany
Authors: Kern Kai‐Uwe , Quandel Tamara , Theis Sina , Schubert Tino
Published: February 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate patient characteristics, concomitant analgesic medication, and pain intensity in a real‐world setting in Germany, focusing on the repeated application of high‐concentration capsaicin patch (HCCP) for neuropathic pain.

Design

Data were collected from electronic medical records of patients who received at least two HCCP treatments between January 2011 and July 2022. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the number of HCCP treatments, age groups, and specific neuropathic pain conditions.

Setting

The study was conducted at an outpatient pain center in Wiesbaden, Germany.

Subjects

The study included 97 patients, primarily diagnosed with neuropathic back pain, postoperative or post‐traumatic neuropathic pain, and postherpetic neuralgia.

Methods

The daily dose of concomitant medications (eg, opioids and anticonvulsants) at the start of capsaicin therapy was compared with the average within 2 years of capsaicin therapy. The last observation carried forward method was used if HCCP treatment was discontinued before the end of the 2‐year period.

Results

The majority of patients received concomitant medications, with opioids, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants being the most common. The average daily morphine equivalent dose decreased significantly during HCCP treatment. Pain intensity at baseline was generally high, but substantial improvements were observed in patients who received at least three HCCP applications.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of HCCP treatment in reducing pain intensity and concomitant opioid use in patients with neuropathic pain. Further research is needed to explore the long‐term outcomes and optimal treatment regimens for different patient populations.
Calmodulin‐like protein CML15 interacts with PP2C46/65 to regulate papaya fruit ripening via integrating calcium, ABA and ethylene signals
Authors: Zhu Qiunan , Tan Qinqin , Gao Qiyang , Zheng Senlin , Chen Weixin , Galaud Jean‐Philippe , Li Xueping , Zhu Xiaoyang
Published: February 2024

It is well known that calcium, ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) can regulate fruit ripening, however, their interaction in the regulation of fruit ripening has not yet been fully clarified. The present study found that the expression of the papaya calcium sensor CpCML15 was strongly linked to fruit ripening. CpCML15 could bind Ca2+ and served as a true calcium sensor. CpCML15 interacted with CpPP2C46 and CpPP2C65, the candidate components of the ABA signalling pathways. CpPP2C46/65 expression was also related to fruit ripening and regulated by ethylene. CpCML15 was located in the nucleus and CpPP2C46/65 were located in both the nucleus and membrane. The interaction between CpCML15 and CpPP2C46/65 was calcium dependent and further repressed the activity of CpPP2C46/65 in vitro. The transient overexpression of CpCML15 and CpPP2C46/65 in papaya promoted fruit ripening and gene expression related to ripening. The reduced expression of CpCML15 and CpPP2C46/65 by virus‐induced gene silencing delayed fruit colouring and softening and repressed the expression of genes related to ethylene signalling and softening. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of CpCML15 in tomato fruit also promoted fruit softening and ripening by increasing ethylene production and enhancing gene expression related to ripening. Additionally, CpPP2C46 interacted with CpABI5, and CpPP2C65 interacted with CpERF003‐like, two transcriptional factors in ABA and ethylene signalling pathways that are closely related to fruit ripening. Taken together, our results showed that CpCML15 and CpPP2Cs positively regulated fruit ripening, and their interaction integrated the cross‐talk of calcium, ABA and ethylene signals in fruit ripening through the CpCML15‐CpPP2Cs‐CpABI5/CpERF003‐like pathway.
The legacy of past droughts induces water‐sparingly behaviour in Grüner Veltliner grapevines
Authors: Herrera J. C. , Savoi S. , Dostal J. , Elezovic K. , Chatzisavva M. , Forneck A. , Savi T.
Published: February 2024

Drought is becoming more frequent and severe in numerous wine‐growing regions. Nevertheless, limited research has examined the legacy of recurrent droughts, focusing on leaf physiology and anatomy over consecutive seasons.

We investigated drought legacies (after 2 years of drought exposure) in potted grapevines, focusing on stomatal behaviour under well‐watered conditions during the third year. Vines were subjected for two consecutive years to short‐ (SD) or long‐term (LD) seasonal droughts, or well‐watered conditions (WW). In the third year, all plants were grown without water limitation. Water potential and gas exchange were monitored throughout the three seasons, while leaf morpho‐anatomical traits were measured at the end of the third year.

During droughts (1st and 2nd year), stem water potential of SD and LD plants fell below −1.1 MPa, with a consequent 75% reduction in stomatal conductance (gs) compared to WW. In the 3rd year, when all vines were daily irrigated to soil capacity (midday stem water potential ~ −0.3 MPa), 45% lower values of gs were observed in the ex‐LD group compared to both ex‐SD and ex‐WW. Reduced midrib vessel diameter, lower leaf theoretical hydraulic conductivity, and smaller stomata were measured in ex‐LD leaves compared to ex‐SD and ex‐WW, likely contributing to the reduced gas exchange.

Our findings suggest that grapevines exposed to drought may adopt a more water‐conserving strategy in subsequent seasons, irrespective of current soil water availability, with the degree of change influenced by the intensity and duration of past drought events.
Does effort increase or decrease reward valuation? Considerations from cognitive dissonance theory
Authors: Harmon‐Jones Eddie , Matis Sophie , Angus Douglas J. , Harmon‐Jones Cindy
Published: February 2024

The present research tested the effect of manipulated perceived control (over obtaining the outcomes) and effort on reward valuation using the event‐related potential known as the Reward Positivity (RewP). This test was conducted in an attempt to integrate two research literatures with opposite findings: Effort justification occurs when high effort leads to high reward valuation, whereas effort discounting occurs when high effort leads to low reward valuation. Based on an examination of past methods used in these literatures, we predicted that perceived control and effort would interactively influence RewP. Consistent with the effort justification literature (cognitive dissonance theory), when individuals have high perceived control, high effort should lead to more reward valuation than low effort should. Consistent with the effort discounting literature, when individuals have low perceived control, low effort should lead to more reward valuation than high effort should. Results supported these interactive and integrative predictions.
Everyday market nationalism: The nationhood imaginative value and nationalistic economic habitus on the Indonesian ride hailing commodity “Gojek”
Authors: Herwantoko One , Hardjosoekarto Sudarsono , Adnan Ricardi S.
Published: February 2024

This article investigates everyday market nationalism as a construction of nationalism in everyday social interactions in the market field and reflected in the existence of an imaginative value of nationalism in a commodity. Focusing on the market field of ride hailing commodity Gojek and using a mixed method, this study shows that the imaginative value of Indonesian nationalism in Gojek is influenced by economic, cultural, symbolic, and digital capital as well as socio‐demographic characteristics of the actors and associated with nationalistic economic habitus formed through social practices in the market field of Gojek.
Nuancing Regional Geography: An Analysis of the Evolution and Mechanism of Intercity Cooperation Network in the Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Greater Bay Area
Authors: Tang Chenghui , Zhang Xianchun , Cheung Darren Man‐Wai
Published: February 2024

This article presents an analysis of the evolution and mechanisms of the intercity cooperation network of the Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Based on spatial analysis, social network analysis, and zero‐inflated negative binomial regression analysis, the following key findings are reported: First, the GBA's intercity cooperation network unfolds a strong trend away from a centralized structure towards a polycentric pattern and networked regional governance. Second, the GBA's intercity cooperation is marked by unevenness and path dependence, with high‐level linkages almost exclusively the purview of the area's most economically developed cities. Third, heavily cultivated by economic globalization and national power, the heightening of intercity cooperation is the result of condensed switching among jurisdictions where both endogenous and exogenous factors have rearranged and characterized by uneven development trends.
CsPAT1, a GRAS transcription factor, promotes lignin accumulation by antagonistic interacting with CsWRKY13 in tea plants
Authors: Li Jing‐Wen , Zhou Ping , Hu Zhi‐Hang , Teng Rui‐Min , Wang Yong‐Xin , Li Tong , Xiong Ai‐Sheng , Li Xing‐Hui , Chen Xuan , Zhuang Jing
Published: February 2024

Lignin is an important component of plant cell walls and plays crucial roles in the essential agronomic traits of tea quality and tenderness. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of lignin biosynthesis in tea plants remain unclear. CsWRKY13 acts as a negative regulator of lignin biosynthesis in tea plants. In this study, we identified a GRAS transcription factor, phytochrome A signal transduction 1 (CsPAT1), that interacts with CsWRKY13. Silencing CsPAT1 expression in tea plants and heterologous overexpression in Arabidopsis demonstrated that CsPAT1 positively regulates lignin accumulation. Further investigation revealed that CsWRKY13 directly binds to the promoters of CsPAL and CsC4H and suppresses transcription of CsPAL and CsC4H. CsPAT1 indirectly affects the promoter activities of CsPAL and CsC4H by interacting with CsWRKY13, thereby facilitating lignin biosynthesis in tea plants. Compared with the expression of CsWRKY13 alone, the co‐expression of CsPAT1 and CsWRKY13 in Oryza sativa significantly increased lignin biosynthesis. Conversely, compared with the expression of CsPAT1 alone, the co‐expression of CsPAT1 and CsWRKY13 in O. sativa significantly reduced lignin accumulation. These results demonstrated the antagonistic regulation of the lignin biosynthesis pathway by CsPAT1 and CsWRKY13. These findings improve our understanding of lignin biosynthesis mechanisms in tea plants and provide insights into the role of the GRAS transcription factor family in lignin accumulation.
Red cell transfusion thresholds in outpatients with myelodysplastic syndromes: Results of a pilot randomized trial RBC‐ENHANCE
Authors: Buckstein Rena , Callum Jeannie , Prica Anca , Bowen David , Wells Richard A. , Leber Brian , Heddle Nancy , Chodirker Lisa , Cheung Matthew , Mozessohn Lee , Yee Karen , Gallagher Jennifer , Parmentier Anne , Jamula Erin , Zhang Liying , Mamedov Alex , Stanworth Simon J. , Lin Yulia
Published: February 2024

Background

The optimal hemoglobin (Hb) threshold for red blood cell transfusions in adult patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has not been defined.

Study Design and Methods

We conducted a pilot randomized multi‐center study of two transfusion algorithms (liberal, to maintain Hb 110–120 g/L, transfuse 2 units if Hb < 105 g/L and 1 unit if Hb 105–110 g/L vs. restrictive, 85–105 g/L, transfuse 2 units when Hgb < 85 g/L). Primary objectives were 70% compliance in maintaining the q2 week hemoglobin within the targeted range and the achievement of a 15 g/L difference in pre‐transfusion Hb. Secondary outcomes included measures of quality of life (QOL), iron studies and safety.

Results

Twenty‐eight patients were randomized between February 2015–2020, 13 to the restrictive arm and 15 to the liberal arm in three tertiary care centers. The compliance was 66% and 45% and the mean pre‐transfusion Hb thresholds were 86 (standard deviation [SD] 8) and 98 g/L (SD 10) in the restrictive and liberal arms, (mean difference 11.8 g/L, p < .0001), respectively. Patients in the liberal arm experienced a mean of 3.4 (SD 2.6) more transfusion visits and received a mean of 5.3 (SD 5.5) more units of blood during the 12‐week study. Ferritin increased by 1043 (SD 1516) IU/L and 148 (SD 1319) IU/L in the liberal and restrictive arms, respectively. Selected QOL scores were superior pre‐transfusion and more patients achieved clinically important improvements in the liberal arm compared with the restrictive arm for selected symptoms and function domains.

Conclusion

The results establish that policies for transfusion support can be delivered in practice at multiple hospitals, but further research is required to understand the full clinical effects and safety of liberal transfusion policies in MDS outpatients.
Analytical performance of feline plasma on current Heska and IDEXX point‐of‐care biochemistry analyzers compared with a commercial laboratory analyzer
Authors: Baral Randolph M. , Jaensch Susan M. , Hayward Douglas A. , Freeman Kathleen P.
Published: February 2024

Background

Point‐of‐care (POC) biochemistry analyzers are widely used in small animal clinical practice but infrequently independently assessed for performance.

Objective

To assess the performance of two current model point‐of‐care biochemistry analyzers (Heska Element DC and IDEXX Catalyst) compared with a commercial laboratory analyzer (Cobas 8000).

Methods

One hundred twenty‐one cats from a feline hospital population were sampled with plasma results from a single lithium heparin tube assessed on all three analyzers. Plasma biochemistry results from each POC analyzer were compared with the commercial laboratory analyzer using Bland–Altman difference plots and by determining whether the limits of agreement (LOAs) (95% of differences) fell within various quality goals after correcting for inherent bias.

Results

Only 7 of 14 analytes on the Heska analyzer and 2 analytes on the IDEXX analyzer attained the most stringent LOA quality goal, which was being within desirable total error based on biologic variation (TEdes). The number of analytes achieving quality goals increased with less stringent standards such as American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathologists allowable total error (ASVCP TEA) guidelines or if <95% of clinical comparisons reaching these quality goals is considered acceptable. Widespread bias was found between both POC analyzers and the commercial laboratory analyzer.

Conclusions

The performance of both POC biochemistry analyzers was variable compared with a commercial laboratory analyzer. Performance goals were only able to be attained after the bias for each analyzer was accounted for by offsetting the LOAs and quality goals set by the mean bias for each analyte on each analyzer.
Serum vitamin D3 (25‐OH vit D3) concentrations and hemogram changes in calves with enzootic pneumonia
Authors: Ertunç Seviye , Mecitoğlu Zafer , Kasap Sevim , Şentürk Sezgin
Published: February 2024

Background

Enzootic pneumonia is an important disease complex associated with insufficient colostrum intake after birth, adverse environmental conditions, and stress. Vitamin D deficiency may be an important predisposing factor for this disease.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate in calves with enzootic pneumonia.

Methods

A total of 30 calves, aged 3–5 months, under the same care and feeding conditions were used. Groups were formed according to Clinical Respiratory Scoring as the group with mild/moderate enzootic pneumonia (n = 10), the group with severe enzootic pneumonia (n = 10), and the healthy control group (n = 10) without any disease. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of animals in all groups on Day 0; a complete blood count was performed, and serum vitamin D levels were measured using the Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method.

Results

Although no statistical differences were observed in total leukocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels between groups, statistically significant differences in blood neutrophil, monocyte, and erythrocyte counts were found between the groups. Monocyte counts were statistically decreased in the mild/moderate group compared with the control group. Neutrophil counts were significantly higher in the mild/moderate and severe groups than in the control group. Erythrocyte counts were increased in the mild/moderate and severe groups compared with the control group. Vitamin D concentrations were statistically lower in the mild/moderate and severe groups than in the control group. However, no statistical differences in Vitamin D concentrations were observed between the mild/moderate and severe groups. There was a negative and significant correlation between erythrocyte counts and vitamin D concentrations (r = −0.64, P < .0001). While erythrocyte counts increased in the severe group compared with the mild/moderate group, vitamin D concentrations decreased. Also, a negative and significant correlation was observed between platelet counts and vitamin D concentrations (r = −0.74, P < .0001).

Conclusions

The results of this study determined that serum vitamin D concentrations in calves with pneumonia were lower than those in healthy calves. Detailed studies on the etiologic and prognostic importance of low vitamin D levels in calves with enzootic pneumonia may provide valuable data for prevention and treatment.
Capitella (Annelida: Capitellidae) species in the Gulf of Mexico: Delimitation, phylogeography and phylogeny
Authors: Hilliard Justin , Hajduk Marissa , Méndez Nuria , Schulze Anja
Published: February 2024

Capitella spp. are found in marine and estuarine benthos world‐wide. They are often treated as environmental sentinels because they occur in high densities in areas of anthropogenic disturbance and organic pollution. However, there are many cryptic species around the world, often grouped into the Capitella capitata complex. Historically, these have been differentiated using allozymes and developmental studies. Recently, single‐gene sequencing, especially cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and phylogenetic methods have been used to characterise populations around the world. We present molecular support and provide descriptions for five new Capitella spp. from the Gulf of Mexico: Capitella gomexa sp. n., Capitella mandingensis sp. n., Capitella tampe sp. n., Capitella maculosa sp. n. and Capitella loucindae sp. n. Two were recently differentiated on the basis of larval development and morphology. Additionally, we present an updated look at global Capitella phylogeny. While no apparent patterns of phylogeography were recovered, we did find support for a single origin of thoracic acicular spines.
Dependence of Radiance of Burning Coal Bed on Ash Formation and Dew Condensation
Authors: Kim Hakduck , Lee Seungtaek , Lim Heechang , Song Juhun
Published: February 2024

In this study, coal samples with different moisture contents were prepared using a drying and humidification system. Coal samples were placed in a crucible and ignited using a heating wire, to which power was applied during coal combustion. The combustion radiance of coal samples with three moisture contents (0, 20, and 50%) was measured using a narrow-angle radiometer at three temperatures (10, 25, and 50 °C). A numerical simulation model was developed to predict the unsteady radiation characteristics of a coal layer burning on one-dimensional planar plates. The unsteady energy balance equation and radiative transfer equation were solved using the semi-implicit Runge–Kutta method and discrete ordinates method. In addition, the effect of dew condensation on the radiance was investigated. The greatest reduction in radiance was observed during the burning of the high-moisture coal. Furthermore, the effect of ash (converted from coal) on radiance was examined. The results demonstrated that certain changes in the optical properties during the burning of coal to ash can alter the absorption as well as anisotropic scattering, and thereby the radiance, as combustion proceeds.
Effect of Hygrothermal Conditioning on the Machining Behavior of Biocomposites
Authors: Chegdani Faissal , El Mansori Mohamed
Published: February 2024

This work aims to study the cutting behavior of biocomposites under different controlled hygrothermal conditions. This investigation choice is motivated by the fact that natural plant fibers such as flax are characterized by their hydrophilicity which makes them able to absorb water from a humid environment. This absorption ability is intensified by increasing the conditioning temperature. The moisture diffusion process affects considerably the mechanical properties of the resulting composite, which causes many issues during the machining operations. In this paper, moisture diffusion, chip form, cutting and thrust forces, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations are considered to explore the cutting behavior of flax fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) depending on the hygrothermal conditioning time. Results reveal that moisture content in the biocomposite is significantly influenced by the conditioning temperature and the fiber orientation. Moisture content and fiber orientation affect both the curling behavior of the removed chip as well as the tool/chip interaction in terms of friction. The machinability of flax fiber-reinforced PLA biocomposites depending on hygrothermal conditioning time is then investigated using SEM analysis in addition to analytical modeling. An analysis of variance is used finally to quantify the observed results.
Optimized Casing Treatment to Improve Stall Margin Under Circumferential Pressure Distortion in a High-Speed Axial Flow Fan
Authors: Li Yihan , Du Juan , Li Jichao , Liu Yang , Ba Dun , Zhang Min , Zhang Hongwu
Published: February 2024

An optimized axial slot casing treatment (OPCT) was designed that experimentally improves the stall margin by 7.31% with an efficiency gain of 1.94% at a design speed of 100% in a high-speed axial flow fan. Subsequently, the OPCT was tested under the distorted inflow with a 9% composite distortion index; it can still improve the stall margin by 6.19% with an efficiency gain of 1.63% at the 100% design speed. The unsteady measurement results indicate that the location of the shock wave obviously moves forward toward the leading edge of the blade tip as the rotor blade rotates out of the distorted region and induces the stall in advance. When the OPCT is applied, the strength of the interaction between the shock wave and tip leakage flow can be suppressed, and the location of the shock wave at the distorted region is pushed backward. Thus, the trigger of the stall inception generated in the downstream of the distortion region is postponed. Meanwhile, a new phenomenon was discovered that the OPCT does not alter the instability mode of the fan, and the fan eventually surges, which is consistent with the B parameter value of 2.942. However, under the distorted inflow, the B parameter can be reduced from 2.942 to 0.863, thereby the instability mode of the fan is changed from surge to stall. It can guide the instability prediction when the boundary condition (distortion or casing treatment) of the fan is changed.
Inhaled immunoantimicrobials for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zhu Junliang , Li Xiaohui , Zhou Yang , Ge Chenglong , Li Xudong , Hou Mengying , Wei Yuansong , Chen Yongbing , Leong Kam W. , Yin Lichen
Published: February 2024

Effective therapeutic modalities and drug administration strategies for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations are lacking. Here, mucus and biofilm dual-penetrating immunoantimicrobials (IMAMs) are developed for bridging antibacterial therapy and pro-resolving immunotherapy of COPD. IMAMs are constructed from ceftazidime (CAZ)–encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) gated with a charge/conformation-transformable polypeptide. The polypeptide adopts a negatively charged, random-coiled conformation, masking the pores of HMSNs to prevent antibiotic leakage and allowing the nebulized IMAMs to efficiently penetrate the bronchial mucus and biofilm. Inside the acidic biofilm, the polypeptide transforms into a cationic and rigid α helix, enhancing biofilm retention and unmasking the pores to release CAZ. Meanwhile, the polypeptide is conditionally activated to disrupt bacterial membranes and scavenge bacterial DNA, functioning as an adjuvant of CAZ to eradicate lung-colonizing bacteria and inhibiting Toll-like receptor 9 activation to foster inflammation resolution. This immunoantibacterial strategy may shift the current paradigm of COPD management.
Aligned cryogel fibers incorporated 3D printed scaffold effectively facilitates bone regeneration by enhancing cell recruitment and function
Authors: Wei Yuxuan , Pan Hao , Yang Jianqiu , Zeng Canjun , Wan Wenbing , Chen Shixuan
Published: February 2024

Reconstructing extensive cranial defects represents a persistent clinical challenge. Here, we reported a hybrid three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffold with modification of QK peptide and KP peptide for effectively promoting endogenous cranial bone regeneration. The hybrid 3D printed scaffold consists of vertically aligned cryogel fibers that guide and promote cell penetration into the defect area in the early stages of bone repair. Then, the conjugated QK peptide and KP peptide further regulate the function of the recruited cells to promote vascularization and osteogenic differentiation in the defect area. The regenerated bone volume and surface coverage of the dual peptide-modified hybrid scaffold were significantly higher than the positive control group. In addition, the dual peptide-modified hybrid scaffold demonstrated sustained enhancement of bone regeneration and avoidance of bone resorption compared to the collagen sponge group. We expect that the design of dual peptide-modified hybrid scaffold will provide a promising strategy for bone regeneration.
Microscopic and metatranscriptomic analyses revealed unique cross-domain parasitism between phylum
Candidatus
Patescibacteria/candidate phyla radiation and methanogenic archaea in anaerobic ecosystems
Authors: Kuroda Kyohei , Nakajima Meri , Nakai Ryosuke , Hirakata Yuga , Kagemasa Shuka , Kubota Kengo , Noguchi Taro Q. P. , Yamamoto Kyosuke , Satoh Hisashi , Nobu Masaru K. , Narihiro Takashi
Published: February 2024

To verify whether members of the phylum
Candidatus
Patescibacteria parasitize archaea, we applied cultivation, microscopy, metatranscriptomic, and protein structure prediction analyses on the Patescibacteria-enriched cultures derived from a methanogenic bioreactor. Amendment of cultures with exogenous methanogenic archaea, acetate, amino acids, and nucleoside monophosphates increased the relative abundance of
Ca
. Patescibacteria. The predominant
Ca
. Patescibacteria were families
Ca
. Yanofskyibacteriaceae and
Ca
. Minisyncoccaceae, and the former showed positive linear relationships (

r
2

≥ 0.70)
Methanothrix
in their relative abundances, suggesting related growth patterns.
Methanothrix
and
Methanospirillum
cells with attached
Ca
. Yanofskyibacteriaceae and
Ca
. Minisyncoccaceae, respectively, had significantly lower cellular activity than those of the methanogens without
Ca
. Patescibacteria, as extrapolated from fluorescence
in situ
hybridization-based fluorescence. We also observed that parasitized methanogens often had cell surface deformations. Some
Methanothrix
-like filamentous cells were dented where the submicron cells were attached.
Ca
. Yanofskyibacteriaceae and
Ca
. Minisyncoccaceae highly expressed extracellular enzymes, and based on structural predictions, some contained peptidoglycan-binding domains with potential involvement in host cell attachment. Collectively, we propose that the interactions of
Ca
. Yanofskyibacteriaceae and
Ca
. Minisyncoccaceae with methanogenic archaea are parasitisms.

IMPORTANCE

Culture-independent DNA sequencing approaches have explored diverse yet-to-be-cultured microorganisms and have significantly expanded the tree of life in recent years. One major lineage of the domain Bacteria,
Ca
. Patescibacteria (also known as candidate phyla radiation), is widely distributed in natural and engineered ecosystems and has been thought to be dependent on host bacteria due to the lack of several biosynthetic pathways and small cell/genome size. Although bacteria-parasitizing or bacteria-preying
Ca
. Patescibacteria have been described, our recent studies revealed that some lineages can specifically interact with archaea. In this study, we provide strong evidence that the relationship is parasitic, shedding light on overlooked roles of
Ca
. Patescibacteria in anaerobic habitats.
Contrary effects of increasing temperatures on the spread of antimicrobial resistance in river biofilms
Authors: Bagra Kenyum , Kneis David , Padfield Daniel , Szekeres Edina , Teban-Man Adela , Coman Cristian , Singh Gargi , Berendonk Thomas U. , Klümper Uli
Published: February 2024

River microbial communities regularly act as the first barrier of defense against the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that enter environmental microbiomes through wastewater. However, how the invasion dynamics of wastewater-borne ARGs into river biofilm communities will shift due to climate change with increasing average and peak temperatures remains unknown. Here, we aimed to elucidate the effects of increasing temperatures on the naturally occurring river biofilm resistome, as well as the invasion success of foreign ARGs entering through wastewater. Natural biofilms were grown in a low-anthropogenic impact river and transferred to artificial laboratory recirculation flume systems operated at three different temperatures (20°C, 25°C, and 30°C). After 1 week of temperature acclimatization, significant increases in the abundance of the naturally occurring ARGs in biofilms were detected at higher temperatures. After this acclimatization period, biofilms were exposed to a single pulse of wastewater, and the invasion dynamics of wastewater-borne ARGs were analyzed over 2 weeks. After 1 day, wastewater-borne ARGs were able to invade the biofilms successfully with no observable effect of temperature on their relative abundance. However, thereafter, ARGs were lost at a far increased rate at 30°C, with ARG levels dropping to the initial natural levels after 14 days. Contrary to the lower temperatures, ARGs were either lost at slower rates or even able to establish themselves in biofilms with stable relative abundances above natural levels. Hence, higher temperatures come with contrary effects on river biofilm resistomes: naturally occurring ARGs increase in abundance, while foreign, invading ARGs are lost at elevated speeds.

IMPORTANCE

Infections with bacteria that gained resistance to antibiotics are taking millions of lives annually, with the death toll predicted to increase. River microbial communities act as a first defense barrier against the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that enter the environment through wastewater after enrichment in human and animal microbiomes. The global increase in temperature due to climate change might disrupt this barrier effect by altering microbial community structure and functions. We consequently explored how increasing temperatures alter ARG spread in river microbial communities. At higher temperatures, naturally occurring ARGs increased in relative abundance. However, this coincided with a decreased success rate of invading foreign ARGs from wastewater to establish themselves in the communities. Therefore, to predict the effects of climate change on ARG spread in river microbiomes, it is imperative to consider if the river ecosystem and its resistome are dominated by naturally occurring or invading foreign ARGs.
A
Porphyromonas gingivalis
hypothetical protein controlled by the type I-C CRISPR-Cas system is a novel adhesin important in virulence
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Solbiati Jose , Duran-Pinedo Ana , Rocha Fernanda Godoy , Gibson Frank C. , Frias-Lopez Jorge
Published: February 2024

The ability of many human pathogens to infect requires their ability to adhere to the host surfaces as a first step in the process.
Porphyromonas gingivalis,
a keystone oral pathogen
,
uses adhesins to adhere to the surface of the gingival epithelium and other members of the oral microbiome. In a previous study, we identified several proteins potentially linked to virulence whose mRNA levels are regulated by CRISPR-Cas type I-C. Among those, PGN_1547 was highly upregulated in the CRISPR-Cas 3 mutant. PGN_1547 is annotated as a hypothetical protein. Employing homology searching, our data support that PGN_1547 resembles an auto-transporter adhesin of
P. gingivalis
based on containing the DUF2807 domain. To begin to characterize the function of PGN_1547, we found that a deletion mutant displayed a significant decrease in virulence using a
Galleria mellonela
model. Furthermore, this mutant was significantly impaired in forming biofilms and attaching to the macrophage-like cell THP-1. Luminex revealed that the PGN_1547 mutant elicited a less robust cytokine and chemokine response from THP-1 cells, and TLR2 predominantly sensed that recombinant PGN_1547. Taken together, these findings broaden our understanding of the toolbox of virulence factors possessed by
P. gingivalis
. Importantly, PGN_1547, a hypothetical protein, has homologs in another member of the order Bacteroidales whose function is unknown, and our results could shed light on the role of this family of proteins as auto-transport adhesins in this phylogenetic group.

IMPORTANCE

Periodontal diseases are among humans’ most common infections, and besides their effect on the oral cavity, they have been associated with systemic inflammatory conditions. Among members of the oral microbiome implicated in the development of periodontitis,
Porphyromonas gingivalis
is considered a keystone pathogen. We have identified a new adhesin that acts as a virulence factor, PGN_1547, which contains the DUF2807 domain, which belongs to the putative auto-transporter adhesin, head GIN domain family. Deletion of this gene lowers the virulence of
P
.
gingivalis
and impacts the ability of
P
.
gingivalis
to form biofilm and attach to host cells. Furthermore, the broad distribution of these receptors in the order Bacteroidales suggests their importance in colonization by this important group of organisms.
Neurological evolution of severe baclofen intoxication: from brain death mimic to recovered brain function
Authors: Berger Sebastian , Kuster Tobias , Sutter Raoul , Fisch Urs
Published: February 2024

Patients with brain death have by definition irreversible and complete loss of brainstem reflexes. Before a definite diagnosis of brain death can be confirmed, all potential confounders must be thoroughly excluded. Baclofen intoxication is a rare cause of brain death mimic characterised by transient deep coma and absence of brainstem reflexes and might be mistaken with brain death. We report the case of a female patient in her 70s who ingested baclofen with suicidal intent and was admitted with a deep coma and loss of all brainstem reflexes and a spontaneous burst-suppression pattern in the electroencephalography which resolved over 10 hours. After a state mimicking brain death for 6 hours, the patient experienced complete recovery. Severe baclofen intoxication can mimic brain death clinically and is associated with temporary pathological electroencephalographic findings. Awareness of this toxidrome is crucial, as appropriate management can lead to full recovery.
Association of accelerometer-measured physical activity and its change with progression to chronic kidney disease in adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity
Authors: Liu Mengyi , Zhang Yanjun , Zhang Yuanyuan , He Panpan , Zhou Chun , Ye Ziliang , Yang Sisi , Gan Xiaoqin , Hou Fan Fan , Qin Xianhui
Published: February 2024

Objective

To examine the long-term association of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and its longitudinal changes with progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight/obesity.

Methods

This study included 1746 participants in the Look AHEAD trial with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. MVPA was measured at baseline, year 1, year 4 and year 8 using an RT3 accelerometer. The outcome was progression to CKD, defined as eGFR<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2with a drop of ≥30% or end-stage kidney disease. Cox hazards models were fitted to examine the association between MVPA and outcomes.

Results

Over a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 567 participants experienced progression to CKD. Overall, there was a linear inverse association of cumulative average total MVPA (per 100 min/week higher amount, HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.96) and MVPA accumulated in bouts of ≥10 min (per 100 minutes/week higher amount, HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72 to 0.91) with progression to CKD. Moreover, an increase in total MVPA from baseline to year 4 (the fourth quartile, ≥63.2 min/week) was associated with a 33% lower risk of progression to CKD compared with the largest MVPA reduction (the first quartile, <−198.3 min/week). A lower risk of progression to CKD was also observed for increases in MVPA accumulated in bouts of both <10 min and ≥10 min.

Conclusions

Longer MVPA time and increases in MVPA was associated with a reduced risk of progression to CKD in adults with overweight/obesity and T2D.
Exploring the gender difference in type 2 diabetes incidence in a Swiss cohort using latent class analysis: an intersectional approach
Authors: Barbier Jeanne Marie , Amiguet Michael , Vaucher Julien , Lasserre Aurélie M , Clair Carole , Schwarz Joëlle
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes is multifactorial and influenced by the intersection of gender-related variables and other determinants of health. The aim of this study was to highlight the intersectional social position of the participants and disentangle its role from administrative sex in predicting the development of type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Using CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study, a Swiss single-centre prospective cohort initiated in 2003 and including 6733 participants (age 35–75 years; 54% women) at baseline, we conducted latent class analyses using gender-related variables (eg, risk-taking behaviours, gender roles represented by employment status, etc) and socioeconomic determinants at baseline (2003–2006) to construct intersectional classes and we tested their association with the development of type 2 diabetes at follow-up (2018–2021).

Results

Of the 6733 participants enrolled at baseline, 3409 were included in our analyses (50.6%). Over a median follow-up time of 14.5 years, 255 (7.5%) participants developed type 2 diabetes, of which 158 men (62.0%). We identified seven latent classes highlighting different intersectional social position groups (ie,young, fit, educated men (N=413), non-White physically inactive men and women (N=170), highly qualified men, former or current smokers (N=557), working women living alone (N=914), low qualified working men with overweight (N=445), women with obesity, low education and low qualified job or housewives (N=329), low educated retired participants (N=581)). Using the class labelled as ‘young, fit, educated men’ as reference, the risk of incident type 2 diabetes was higher in all other classes (adjusted OR values between 4.22 and 13.47). Classes mostly feminine had a more unfavourable intersectional social position than that of the predominantly masculine classes. The corresponding OR increased in sex-adjusted regressions analyses.

Conclusions

We observe cumulative intersectional effects across behavioural and socioeconomic profiles with different risks of developing type 2 diabetes emphasising the deleterious effect of a feminine gender profile. These patterns are only partly captured by traditional sex-stratified analyses.