bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Evaluasi Manfaat Pembangunan Taman Kiara Artha Terhadap Pengunjung dan Pelaku Usaha
Authors: Kusumo Wardani Bayu , Mutia Ekasari Astri
Published: September 2022

Pentingnya peranan ruang terbuka bagi kehidupan masyarakat menjadi menjadi salah satu alasan yang mendasari Pemerintah Kota Bandung mekakukan pembangunan taman kota. Hal itu dilakukan untuk menarik masyarakat agar dapat memanfaatkan taman kota sebagai ruang publik dan juga untuk mengurangan pemanfaatan taman kota yang cenderung menyimpang dari fungsinya. Dengan hadirnya Taman Asia Afrika yang merupakan salah satu taman kota yang dapat dijadikan sebagai ruang terbuka publik yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai ruang untuk melakukan berbagai aktifitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi manfaat pembangunan Taman Asia Afrika untuk mempertahankan fungsi taman yaitu sebagai ruang publik yang memiliki peranan utama dalam menyelaraskan pola kehidupan manusia dari segi sosial maupun ekonomi terhadap pengunjung dan pelaku usaha di sekitar taman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor manfaat sosial ekonomi adalah faktor paling penting dengan bobot mencapai 44,8%, faktor kedua terpenting adalah terevaluasinya fungsi taman dengan bobot mencapai 40,1%, dan terakhir faktor teridentifikasinya karakteristik eksisting taman 15,1%. Lalu dilihat dari output hasil pengolahan data dengan Expert Choice 11 yang disebut pada tampilan dinamis yang berisian antara kriteria atau Dynamic Sensitivity. Subkriteria mencapai bobot paling tinggi adalah sarana rekreasi 13,6% diikuti dengan sarana bermain anak 10,1% yang merupakan kriteria manfaat sosial. Sedangkan subkriteria mencapat bobot tinggi dari kriteria manfaat ekonomi adalah peningkatan tenaga kerja 3,3% serta mendorong kegiatan usaha 2,9%.
Functional properties and nutritional values of starch from three upland rice varieties (B22, Fofifa 159, 3737) from the middle west of Madagascar
Authors: Antonio Fidinirina TELESPHORE  , Valérie Lalao RAZAFINDRATOVO ANDRIAMANAMISATA  , Rojotiana RANDRIANARISOA
Published: September 2022

This research focused on the study of some functional properties (swelling and viscosity) and nutritional values of three upland rice starches: B22, Fofifa 159 and 3737, from the Middle Western region of Madagascar. The production of upland rice is used to supplement irrigated rice cultivation, and can replace it when producers do not have enough land. The rice starches studied presented some different appearances: white color for B22, white turning yellow for Fofifa 159 and cream for 3737. The touch (tender and light), taste (bland) and odor (non-existent) were similar. The results showed that the starch of the Fofifa 159 variety had the maximum swelling power. The use of the Brookfield RV viscometer made it possible to determine the viscosity of the starch, which is related to the thickening property. The starch from Fofifa 159 had the highest viscosity (80cP) at 90 ° C, compared to the other two samples. The results of the nutritional analysis showed different levels of protein, fat and ash for the three starches of the rice varieties studied. Total protein levels varied between 0.25 and 0.40%, lipids ranged from 0.79 to 1.02%, and ash from 0.42 to 0.54%. The total carbohydrate content was very high, ranging from 98.17 to 98.31% of the dry matter. The corresponding energy values were high and ranged from 401.79 to 403.42 kcal.
Small bowel obstruction due to lung Sarcomatoid carcinoma: A case study
Authors: Stefania Erra  , Giulia Baroni
Published: September 2022

Small bowel metastases due to lung cancer are extremely rare and predominantly cause intestinal obstruction, perforation and gastrointestinal bleeding. We report the case of a 51-year-old man diagnosed with pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma to which an ileal mass was subsequently removed which was found to be compatible with intestinal localization of pulmonary carcinoma.
Ayurveda single drug therapy for Prameha in Nighantu Sahitya: A review
Authors: Monica K P  , Raghavendra Naik  , Kavya Nagarajan  , Amulya Kannan  , Sulochana Bhat
Published: September 2022

Diabetes is one of the most rapidly increasing diseases in the contemporary context. Its swift global raise indicates that its causes are possibly closely associated with lifestyle and eating habits in the general population. The handling of Diabetes is majorly management and not curative in nature. Understanding the management of diabetes, so far, has not been very promising either in the prevention of its incidence or its complications. The science of Ayurveda provides a huge repertoire of anti-diabetic drugs which needs further exploration. The descriptions of Prameha vis-à-vis Diabetes mellitus and its treatment are scattered in different classics of Ayurveda. This is an attempt to compile the information available from Nighantu Sahitya (the section of Ayurveda literature that predominantly deals with drugs, their morphology, properties, and actions) for documenting single drugs mentioned for Prameha Roga (mostly correlated to Diabetes Mellitus) and their potential in handling the disease. A total of 142 plant sourced drugs with Pramehahara activity enlisted from 12 Nighantus are included here. The paper accentuates the recognized sources of those single drugs, the botanical classification and their anti-diabetic potential. On observation, the members of Fabaceae were found to be most frequent in occurrence and hence has been a prime focus in this paper. A primary glance showed many drugs that are not in wide use for Prameha are enlisted here thus opening newer arenas for Diabetic research and clinical practice.
FDM technology printing methods
Authors: Daniela Kátlovská  , Marko Bednárik  , Lukáš Hanko  , Juraj Beniak
Published: September 2022

3D printing technologies were developed almost 30 years ago and one of their main features is that instead of removing 3D printing adds material layer by layer and the elements are created directly from CAD models. This type of technology offers an advantageous ability to produce components that are complex in shape and material, which cannot by produce by the traditional methods. Intensive research has led to significant advances in technology in recent years in the development and commercialization of new innovative 3D printing processes by modeling molten deposition (FDM), including composite printing. This paper outlines the main methods for creating polymer composite structures using FDM technology. Thanks to the constantly increasing quality of the final product produce by the am machine, there is a much greater connection and appearance between it and the prototype. Many components are already manufactured directly in these machines, so it is not correct to label them as prototypes.
Commentary about treatment of male hypogonadism with clomiphene citrate compare to treatment with testosterone
Authors: A. Manov
Published: September 2022

Clomiphene citrate (CC) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and estrogen antagonist. It was introduced into clinical medicine in 1967 for the treatment of female infertility. CC has also been explored for off-label use for male infertility and male hypogonadal symptoms. We want to comment and discuss medical literature on CC and its contribution to the treatment of male hypogonadism. The main goal of the commentary is to discuss mechanism of action of CC and when it can be used for treatment of male hypogonadism instead of Testosterone which treatment is FDA approved. [1,2]. CC increases the Testosterone level in the blood similar to Testosterone gel. It improves the hypogonadal symptoms as well. The difference with CC and Testosterone is that CC preserves the sperm production and fertility if fertility is desired in patients with secondary/tertiary hypogonadism. The safety of CC was compared to Testosterone safety as well. CC is regarded as an effective therapy for specific patients who suffer from male factor infertility and complain of hypogonadal symptoms. More studies are needed to further validate CC's efficacy for male infertility and hypogonadism.
PERANAN PREBIOTIK TERHADAP PENYAKIT PERLEMAKAN HATI NON-ALKOHOLIK
Authors: Welan Rahmani
Published: September 2022

Penyakit perlemakan hati non-alkoholik (PHNA) erat kaitannya dengan obesitas, diabetes melitus, peningkatan suplai asam lemak ke hati, dan resistensi insulin. Strategi pengelolaan PHNA meliputi modifikasi gaya hidup, perbaikan komponen sindrom metabolik, farmakoterapi, dan mengatasi komplikasi dari sirosis. Prebiotik adalah bahan makanan yang tidak dapat dicerna yang memiliki pengaruh baik pada manusia dengan memicu aktivitas atau pertumbuhan selektif, atau keduanya dari satu atau lebih bakteri kolon. Pemberian prebiotik, seperti inulin dalam beberapa penelitian, meningkatkan fungsi hati pada beberapa penyakit termasuk penyakit perlemakan hati non-alkohol.
KARAKTERISASI PREPARAT NANOPARTIKEL KAFEIN DARI EKSTRAK KOPI ROBUSTA MENGGUNAKAN PLGA DAN PVA
Authors: Saputri Rika , Kamaluddin Muhammad Totong , Theodorus Theodorus , Mangunsong Sonlimar
Published: September 2022

Kopi merupakan salah satu minuman yang digemari oleh masyarakat luas.Kopi mengandung kafein yang mampu meningkatkan konsentrasi dan kemampuan ini berlangsung tergantung dari dosis yang diterima oleh tubuh.Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengkarakterisasi nanopartikel kafein berpolimer PLGA dan Pva.Dalam pembuatan nanopartikel kafein ini menggunakan bahan berupa biji kopi robusta yang telah dijemur dan disangrai yang selanjutnya dilakukan proses ekstraksi dengan metode digesti, sehingga didapatkan kafeinnnya. Kemudian kafein yang telah didapat di buat menjadi formulasi nanopartikel berpolimer  PLGA dan PVA. Dalam proses pembuatan formulasi nanopartikel ini digunakan metode emulsion solvent evaporation.Formulasi nanopartikel kafein ini dilakukan karakterisasi menggunakan PSA dan dilakukan pengmatan morfologi partikelnya menggunakan TEM. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan PSA didapatkan diameter rata rata sebesar 173,8 nm,zeta potensialnya -16,2 mV dan PDI sebesar 0,148.Untuk morfologinya telihat bentuk permukaannya spheric. Sehingga kafein dari biji kopi orbusta dapat dipreparasi menggunakan polimer PLGA dan PVA dengan menggunakan metode emulsion solvent evaporation.
Унос высокодисперсных частиц из «хвостохранилищ» Тырныаузского вольфрамо-молибденового комбината и возможное их влияние на биогеохимическое состояние почв в Приэльбрусье
Authors: Кокоев Мухамед Нургалиевич
Published: September 2022

Данная обзорная статья посвящена проблеме экологических последствий промышленной деятельности горнодобывающего предприятия на примере Тырныаузского вольфрамо-молибденового комбината (ТВМК), расположенного в Кабардино-Балкарии. Рассмотрен вопрос об утилизации отходов обогащения руд вольфрама и молибдена ТВМК, которые складируются в 2 «хвостохранилищах» объемом 120 млн м3. По оценке автора, в отходах обогащения аккумулировано 7,2 млрд кВт · ч электроэнергии, затраченной в прежние годы на измельчение руды. Если эти отходы использовать для производства строительных материалов, можно сэкономить огромное количество электроэнергии. Ожидание будущих экономичных технологий для переработки отходов связано с уносом высокодисперсных частиц ветром и водой из «хвостохранилищ», что приводит к негативным изменениям в сложившееся тысячи лет назад биогеохимическое состояние пастбищ и сенокосов долины реки Баксан. Решение проблемы утилизации отходов обогащения руды, в частности налаживание на их основе производственного процесса по изготовлению различных строительных материалов, способно значительно уменьшить объемы «хвостохранилищ» ТВМК и тем самым нивелировать их вредное воздействие на экосистему.
Влияние величины суточного удоя коров на динамику колебания основных показателей крови
Authors: Курашев Ж. Х. , Гукежев В. М. , Гетоков О. О. , Кагермазов Ц. Б. , Таов И. Х. , Айсанов З. М.
Published: September 2022

Одним из основных показателей, оказывающих влияние на физиологическое состояние коров, является величина удоя. Проанализирована изменчивость гематологических показателей крови коров черно-пестрой голштинской породы в условиях роботизированной фермы в зависимости от суточного удоя, определенного накануне взятия крови для исключения возможного влияния стресса. С этой целью вся выборка (n = 64) была распределена по величине суточного удоя на 6 групп с классовым интервалом 5 кг. Кровь анализировали по 9 показателям. Самые высокие показатели отмечены в группе коров с суточным удоем до 15 кг, т.е. у коров накануне запуска, за исключением MCV (средний объем эритроцита) и MCH (среднее содержание гемоглобина в эритроците), которые оказались самыми низкими. У самой высокопродуктивной группы коров с суточным удоем свыше 35,1 кг фактически оказались диаметрально противоположные показатели.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ РИНКУ МОЛОКА
Authors: Свиноус Іван , Ібатуллін Марат , Сало Інна , Радько Віталій , Семсал Анна
Published: September 2022

Предметом дослідження є особливості формування і функціонування ринку молока, основні тенденції його розвитку та взаємовідносини між його суб’єктами. Мета – на основі аналітичної оцінки складових ринку молока в Україні (попит, пропозиція, державна підтримка) розробити практичні рекомендації щодо їх активізації в умовах глобалізаційних процесів в Україні. Методи. Для досягнення поставленої мети було використано сукупність загальнонаукових і спеціальних методів. Результати дослідження. Стаття присвячена оцінці ринку молока в Україні. Основний акцент зроблений на оцінці складових ринку молока: попиту, пропозиції, державного регулювання. Аналіз виробництва молока свідчить про досить високу стійкість особистих селянських господарств (ОСГ) до трансформаційних перетворень економіки країни, причому в процесі соціально-економічних перетворень економіки суттєво змінюються їхнє місце і роль. У період посилення кризових явищ вони займають провідну позицію у виробництві продукції молочного скотарства. Основна причина – стрімке зниження обсягів виробництва в корпоративному секторі аграрної економіки, порівнюючи з господарствами населення. Аргументовано, що підприємства, які утримують менше 50 корів, слід розглядати як дрібні, в них досягнення прибутковості виробництва молока позбавлене перспектив; малі підприємства, що утримують від 50 до 200 корів, лише в короткостроковій перспективі забезпечуватимуть беззбиткове ведення галузі; основою для конкурентоспроможного виробництва молока можуть бути середні підприємства, які утримують від 200 до 500 корів і, що ймовірніше, великі (500 корів і більше), оскільки саме ці групи сільгосппідприємств конкурентоспроможні на ринку молока. Незважаючи на високу питому вагу у структурі виробництва молока господарств населення, проте в структурі надходжень діаметрально протилежна картина. Основна першопричина – відсутність розвинутої інфраструктури ринку молока та молокопродуктів. У сільській місцевості спостерігається суттєве скорочення споживання молока та молокопродуктів, які надходять від особистого підсобного господарства (ОПГ) сільських домогосподарств, що є дзеркальним відображенням стану молочного скотарства в господарствах населення. Необхідно відзначити, що Україна в 2020 р. вперше за часів історії незалежності має від’ємне сальдо зовнішньої торгівлі, що відображає сучасний стан молочного скотарства та переробної галузі України. У кризовій ситуації стабілізація й розвиток виробництва молока можливі лише за умови активізації інноваційної діяльності, ефективного використання досягнень науково-технічного прогресу, передового вітчизняного і зарубіжного досвіду, державної підтримки товаровиробників різних форм господарювання, підвищення рівня інвестиційної привабливості досліджуваної галузі. Сфера застосування результатів дослідження. Результати проведених досліджень використовуватимуться в процесі розробки концептуальних засад розвитку молочного скотарства.
СТІЙКІСТЬ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ПОСИЛЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ТУРБУЛЕНТНОСТІ
Authors: Шуст Олена , Варченко Ольга , Крисанов Дмитро
Published: September 2022

Предметом дослідження є сукупність теоретичних, методологічних і прикладних аспектів виявлення наслідків розвитку продовольчого комплексу України в умовах посилення турбулентності. Мета  узагальнити особливості функціонування продовольчого комплексу в умовах періодичного виникнення аграрних криз та інтенсифікації турбулентності, обґрунтувати теоретико-методологічні засади й розробити рекомендації практичного змісту, спрямовані на зміцнення його стійкості. Методи. Основою проведених досліджень були загальнонаукові та спеціальні методи: абстрактної логіки, ретроспективного аналізу та порівняння – для формування понятійно-категоріального апарату дослідження, вивчення турбулентних явищ і процесів і наслідків впливу аграрних криз на розвиток первинного виробництва і харчової індустрії; системного аналізу і критеризації, структуризації та ідентифікації – для розробки архітектоніки та періодизації трансформаційних перетворень, що відбувалися у продовольчому комплексі під впливом аграрних криз; формалізації, аналізу і синтезу – для оцінки різних змін у складових структурного утворення та їх впливу на функціонування продовольчого комплексу в умовах інтенсифікації турбулентності; систематизації підходів до оцінки зрушень у продовольчому комплексі після виходу аграрного сектору із трансформаційного спаду та ін. Результати дослідження. Розкрито особливості розвитку сільського господарства і харчової індустрії після виходу із трансформаційного спаду, виявлено специфіку їх функціонування у кризові роки та міжкризові періоди. Систематизовано проблеми і прорахунки, які гальмують розвиток продовольчого комплексу та знижують його стійкість. Обґрунтовано практичні заходи, реалізація яких спрямована на зміцнення стійкості продовольчого комплексу в умовах інтенсифікації турбулентності. Сфера застосування результатів дослідження. Результати досліджень мають теоретико-методологічні засади розвитку галузей продовольчого комплексу після проходження «дна» трансформаційного спаду, у кризові роки та міжкризові періоди, які розширюють знання щодо обставин і процесів функціонування аграрного сектору в умовах інтенсифікації турбулентності. Одержані результати можуть бути використані як для поглиблення теоретичних досліджень стійкості продовольчого комплексу, так і в практичному плані щодо напрямів і заходів законодавчо-нормативного, інвестиційного й економічного характеру з метою посилення внутрішніх міжгалузевих зв’язків та підвищення «порога міцності» стосовно зовнішніх загроз.
Differential expression of ACER1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of ACER1, encoding alkaline ceramidase 1, in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. ACER1 was also differentially expressed in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. ACER1 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Animer la méditation auprès des personnes âgées
Authors: Gill Louis-Nascan , Malchelosse Katherine
Published: September 2022

Cahier de formation présentant l'approche novatrice de MenZoÉ pour animer des ateliers de méditation en CHSLD
Kingfisher
Authors: Ballmer Richard J.
Published: September 2022

Kingfishers or Alcedinidae are a family of small to medium-sized, brightly colored birds in the order Coraciiformes. They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with most species found in the tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Oceania but also can be seen in Europe. They can be found in deep forests near calm ponds and small rivers.
Better off without? Benefits and costs of resolving goal conflict through goal shelving and goal disengagement
Authors: Mayer Zita , Freund Alexandra M.
Published: September 2022

Pursuing multiple goals with limited time often leads to goal conflicts that can be resolved by prioritizing some goal pursuits over others. This research examines proximal outcomes of two approaches to goal prioritization: Goal shelving (temporarily withdrawing from a goal) and goal disengagement (permanently withdrawing from a goal). We conducted an experiment (N = 214) to compare motivational and emotional consequences of resolving goal conflict through goal shelving and disengagement. Results suggest that goal shelving and disengagement are similarly effective at reducing different facets of experienced goal conflict, but people regret shelving goals less than disengaging from them. Together, these findings provide first evidence that goal shelving may allow people to “have their cake and eat it too:” to reap the benefits of goal prioritization while minimizing its costs.
Pandemic Productivity in Academia: Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to explore the impact of COVID-19 on research productivity
Authors: Pebdani Roxanna Nasseri , Zeidan Adriana , Low Lee-Fay , Baillie Andrew James
Published: September 2022

The unequal effects of COVID-19 and resulting lockdowns on mothers around the world was identified as a concern in the early months of the pandemic. Quickly, women decreased work hours and women researchers reported reductions in research time. Meanwhile, research publications by women dropped precipitously. In order to examine day-to-day activities of academics during June and July 2020 in early parts of the COVID-19 Pandemic, we utilized Ecological Momentary Assessment to ask 130 academics around the world about their current activities at six random times per day over the course of one week. This novel approach to sampling allows researchers to collect self-report activity data in real time, without the bias of retrospective report. Results showed that parents, especially mothers, were less likely to have uninterrupted work time and were 3 times more likely than fathers to multitask, nearly 5 times more likely than fathers to multitask while caring for children, and 4.25 times more likely than fathers to be caring for children when contacted. Academic mothers were the hardest hit by the COVID-19 Pandemic, and unless ameliorated, the impact on their research may have lasting effects on their careers.
Remembering with my chatbot
Authors: Bietti Lucas M , Skjuve Marita
Published: September 2022

Did you know that humans can develop friendly or even romantic feelings towards social chatbots that can turn into close human-chatbot relationships? The phenomenon of human-chatbot relationship is starting to gain substantial media attention, and research on this topic is now emerging. Social chatbots –what are they? you may ask. Well, you have probably seen them on the App store or on Google play under names such as Replika or Kuki. To put it simple, a social chatbot is a form of conversational AI developed with the purpose of having normal day-to-day conversations with its users. New developments in AI and NLP created the conditions for the design and development of sophisticated social chatbots capable of becoming your best friend or even romantic partner. Social chatbots are generally good at showing empathy, providing emotional support and companionship. They have essentially grown into conversational affective machines which makes it possible for the users to form close relationships with them. This makes you wonder; how does such relationship develop?
Normative Team Age Prototypes: Exploring Follower, Leader, and Team Characteristics
Authors: Weidner Nathan , Thrasher Gregory , Rudolph Cort
Published: September 2022

The concept of implicit organizational timetables suggests that leaders are expected to be older than their followers. However, increased age diversity in the workforce has led to situations in which this is not the case. Expanding on the core tenets of leader categorization theory, the present study establishes the concept of an age-prototypical team characterized by the age of the leader relative to their followers and explores how team age prototypicality influences subsequent observer evaluations of the team. Moreover, this study examines possible boundary conditions and intermediary mechanisms that further explain bias in the evaluation of age-diverse teams. To establish and explore the nature and effect of age-based team prototypes, we conducted three independent experimental vignette studies. In Study 1 (n = 590), we establish evidence for age-based team prototypes, by demonstrating a “leaders are older, followers are younger” prototype and further considering the diversity of follower age as a boundary condition for the effects of leader age on ratings of attraction to the team, anticipated team behaviors, and expectations for future success. Then, in Study 2 (n = 686) and Study 3 (n = 782), we extend these results by examining how the perception of team (Study 2) and leader (Study 3) performance cues are influenced by team age composition prototypes. In Study 3 we also consider intermediary attributional mechanisms that explain associations between performance and perceived qualities of the team. Results suggest that prototype inconsistent teams (i.e., teams with younger leaders and older followers) are viewed more harshly in the face of negative performance cues as a function of team composition rather than because of leader or follower attributes individually.
The Effect of Cross-Examination Style Questions on Adult Eyewitness Accuracy Depends on Question Type and Eyewitness Confidence
Authors: Wade Kimberley A. , Spearing Emily Rebecca
Published: September 2022

In adversarial legal systems across the world, witnesses in criminal trials are subjected to cross-examination. The questions that cross-examiners pose to witnesses are often complex and confusing; they might include negatives, double negatives, leading questions, closed questions, either/or questions, or complex syntax and vocabulary. Few psycholegal studies have explored the impact of such questions on the accuracy of adult witnesses’ reports. In two experiments, we adapted the standard investigative interview procedure to examine the effect of five types of cross-examination style questions on witness accuracy and confidence. Participants watched a mock crime video and answered simple-style questions about the event. Following a delay, participants answered both cross-examination style questions and simple questions about the event. Negative and Double negative questions sometimes impaired the accuracy of witnesses’ responses during cross-examination, whereas Leading and Leading-with feedback questions did not impair – but sometimes enhanced – the accuracy of witnesses’ responses. Participants who were better at discriminating between correct and incorrect responses on the initial memory test were more likely to improve the accuracy of their reports during cross-examination. Our findings suggest that the effect of cross-examination style questions on eyewitness accuracy depends on question type and witnesses’ confidence in their responses.
Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Serum Protein, Application to Kala-azar Patients
Authors: M.T. Al-Bashir Nada
Published: September 2022

Sera samples were collected from 60 children aged 4-60 months, all were clinically and serologically proven cases of visceral leishmaniasis, as well as  from 10 healthy children, all were seronegative with no history of parasitic infection who serve as a control during the study. Serum total protein and albumin were measured and compared between the control and visceral leishmaniasis patients. Serum protein profiles have been investigated using the conventional sodium dodecyl sulphate â€“ polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).  Serum of control group showed the specific protein pattern with five protein bands, while serum protein profile in visceral leishmaniasis patients revealed three groups of electrophoretic banding patterns.  , 50% showed twelve bands, 36.66% of the patients showed nine bands and 13.33% showed ten bands. At least four of these bands were found to be common among the infected groups which may be of diagnostic value and required further investigations. The three different electrophoretic patterns groups may be correlated with the previous epidemiological observations in respect of different clinical presentation of the disease and different response the chemotherapeutic agents at many endemic areas around the world.

Key words: Protein band, protein patterns, serum protein, sodium dodecyl sulphate-poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), visceral leishmaniasis.
Synthesis of 5-Fluorouracil Derivatives as Possible Mutual Prodrugs with Meloxicam and Ibuprofen for Targeting Cancer Tissues
Authors: A.H. Dakhel Zainab
Published: September 2022

In the present study, five derivatives have been designed to be synthesized as possible mutual prodrugs for 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to selectively deliver the drugs into the cancer cells. The synthesis of the target compounds were accomplished following multistep reaction procedures, the chemical reaction followed up and the purity of the products were checked by TLC. The structure of the final compounds and their intermediates were confirmed by their melting points, infrared spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis, the hydrolysis of compound III was studied using HPLC technique. According to the results mentioned above, compounds (Iâˆ’V) can be good candidates as possible mutual prodrugs of 5-FU and NSAIDs that can selectively deliver the parent drugs into the cancer cells by the effect of enzymes that elevated in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues.

Key wards: Anticancer, 5-Fluorouracil, NSAIDs, prodrug.
Study the Effect of Arabidopsis thaliana Extract on Reducing Blood Glucose Level in Diabetic White Albino Mice
Authors: I. Rashid Khaleel , M. Aljibouri Abedaljasim , J. Zayer AbdulAmeer , B. Khalid Luma , Abdul-Munaem Ahmed
Published: September 2022

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds on reducing glucose level for white albino mice. Twenty adults mice were used, divided randomly into four groups (five mice per each group). The first group (normal mice) was administrated with 0.1 ml of distilled water as a control, the second group (normal mice) was administrated with 0.1 ml of the plant extract, whereas the third and fourth groups (diabetic mice) were administrated with single dose of alloxan (150 mg/kg of the body weight) to induce diabetes, and the fourth group was administrated with 0.1 ml of the plant extract for 10 days, then blood glucose level was measured for all of the experimental animals (diabetic and non diabetic). Results showed clear increasing in glucose levels in the diabetic mice, while significant reduction was recorded in glucose levels of the normal mice that was treated with the plant extract as compared with the control group. These results indicate that Arabidopsis thaliana seeds aqueous extract possesses a hypoglycemic effect.

Key words: Arabidopsis thaliana, glucose level, albino mice
Formulation and Evaluation of Bilayer Tablets Containing Immediate Release Aspirin Layer and Floating Clopidogrel Layer
Authors: M.Toma Nawar , I.Khalil Yehia
Published: September 2022

Aspirin and clopidogrel are considered the most important oral platelets aggregation inhibitors. So it is widely used for treatment and prophylaxis of cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases related to platelets aggregation .In this study aspirin and clopidogrel were formulated together as floating bilayer tablet system. Three different formulas of 75 mg aspirin were prepared by wet granulation method as immediate release layer; different disintegrants used to achieve rapid disintegration. Formula with crosscarmellose as disintegrant achieve rapid disintegration was selected for preparation of bilayer tablet.

Different formulas of 75 mg clopidogrel were prepared as sustained release floating layer by wet granulation (effervescent ) method ;the physical and floating properties for compressed clopidogrel matrix were studied in addition to study the effect of polymer  concentration(HPMC) ,and its combination with ethyl cellulose and carbapol ,effect of different diluents and effect of increasing sodium bicarbonate amount on the release from compressed matrix .

Formula prepared with HPMC and EC in a ratio of 1:1 was capable to retard the release of clopidogrel for 6 hours in addition to its good floating behavior and therefore selected to prepare bilayer tablets in combination with selected aspirin layer.

The prepared bilayer tablets were further subjected to evaluation of their physical, floating properties and release behavior. Finally the kinetic study reflects acceptable shelf life for aspirin and clopidogrel.

Key words: Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Bilayer tablet, Floating tablet.
Phytochemical Investigation of Alkaloids in the Iraqi Echinops heterophyllus (Compositae)
Authors: J. Khadim Enas , A. Abdulrasool Alaa , J. Awad Zainab
Published: September 2022

Alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms . They are a large family of compounds synthesized by plants in addition to the bacteria, fungi, and animals,  they often have pharmacological effects. The aim of this study is to isolate and identified alkaloids in a newly studied, wild Iraqi plant named Echinops heterophyllus. The medicinal importance of alkaloids, on one hand  and the absence of any phytochemical investigation on heterophyllus species of echinops genus on the other hand , acquired this study its importance. Three alkaloids (named E1, E2 and E3) were isolated from seed plant part by two chromatographic methods: Preparative high Performance Liquid Chromatography (PHPLC) and preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC), one of them identified as(1-Methyl-2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinolinone by different chemical analysis like: ultra violet spectrum analysis (UV spectrum), Fourier transforms infrared spectra (FT-IR) , elemental microanalysis (CHN) and Proton1H-NMR and carbon 13C-NMR analysis.

Key words: Echinops, heterophyllus, quinoline alkaloids.
Quality of Life of Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Al- Hilla City-Iraq
Authors: F. Al - Tukmagi Haydar , A. Moussa Miamin
Published: September 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a global problem nowadays due to increase the disease cases all over the world, in both the developed and developing countries which may affect the quality of life (QOL ) of diabetic patients. This study was conducted to assess the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and to determine some selected clinical and sociodemographic factors that affect the quality of life of these patients in Al Hila city-Iraq. This was a cross sectional study in which 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending diabetic outpatient clinics of Merjan Teaching Hospital-Al Hila. To assess the quality of life of those diabetic patients, the World Health Organizations Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL) was applied, but in a short version questionnaire and abbreviated form called (WHOQOL-BREF).

Concerning the results of this study, it was found that the patients responded fairly well on the questionnaire used, 39% had good score, 47% had fair score and 14% had poor score. For physical health domain 17% had poor score, for social domain 22% had poor score, for psychological domain 19% and environmental domain 18% had poor score.

It was concluded from the results that although it supports previous reports in which QOL of patients with DM were fairly good but this disease is significantly affects physical health, social relations and environment. Furthermore, there is association with marked impairment in aspects of quality of life relating to mental health and psycho-social functioning and at least some aspects of physical health. Given this, and given its high prevalence, greater attention is needed to watch DM as a public health problem. The fact that DM is â€œnormativeâ€ should not be taken to infer that it is benign.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Quality of life.
Asociación entre el hipotiroidismo subclínico de anticuerpos antiperoxidasa tiroidea negativos y los resultados perinatales adversos diagnosticados con diferentes criterios en el tercer trimestre del embarazo
Authors: Golbasi Hakan , Bayraktar Burak , Golbasi Ceren , Omeroglu Ibrahim , Vural Tayfun , Ekin Atalay
Published: September 2022

Antecedentes. El efecto del hipotiroidismo subclínico (HSC) en los resultados perinatales adversos no está claro, y los valores de referencia de la hormona tiroestimulante (TSH) en el embarazo son controvertidos. Objetivo. Evaluar los efectos del HSC negativo para los anticuerpos de la peroxidasa tiroidea (TPOAbs) sobre los resultados perinatales según los diferentes valores de referencia de la TSH. Métodos. Un total de 554 mujeres embarazadas, incluyendo 509 eutiroideas y 45 gestantes hipotiroideas subclínicas (TSH > 3 mIU/L), fueron incluidas en este estudio prospectivo de casos y controles. Todas las gestantes estaban en el tercer trimestre y eran negativas a los TPOAbs. Las funciones tiroideas fueron evaluadas utilizando los valores de referencia específicos para el trimestre recomendados por el Colegio Americano de Obstetricia y Ginecología (ACOG) (TSH > 3 mIU/L) y la Asociación Americana de Tiroides (ATA) (TSH ≥ 4 mIU/L). Resultados. La mortalidad neonatal en el hipotiroidismo subclínico con un límite superior de TSH de 4 mIU/L fue significativamente menor que en el grupo eutiroideo (2 (0,4%) frente a 1 (4,5%); p=0,009). No hubo diferencias significativas en resultados maternos y perinatales adversos en las gestantes con HSC y eutiroideas en ambos valores de referencia de la TSH. No hubo correlación significativa entre los valores de TSH y las semanas de parto de las gestantes con parto prematuro (r=0,169, p=0,146). Conclusiones. En este estudio, utilizando los diferentes valores basales de TSH recomendados por las directrices del ACOG de 2020 y de la ATA de 2017 en el tercer trimestre del embarazo para el diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo subclínico, no hubo una relación significativa entre los casos de hipotiroidismo subclínico con TPOAbs negativos y los resultados perinatales adversos.
Manejo del embarazo gemelar monocoriónico monoamniótico: revisión de la literatura y reporte de caso
Authors: Gil Guevara Enrique , Bernuy Luis Alberto , Muñoz Acosta Jairo
Published: September 2022

A propósito de la presentación de un caso de embarazo gemelar monocoriónico monoamniótico, se revisó la literatura sobre su diagnóstico y manejo mediante búsqueda electrónica en la base de datos de Medline, OVID, Cochrane y PubMed entre los años 1966 y 2019. Las palabras clave utilizadas en la indagación fueron: embarazo, gemelos, monoamniótico, enredamiento de cordones. Existe un riesgo alto de muerte fetal súbita en gemelos monoamnióticos causado por el enredamiento de los cordones umbilicales, por lo que el diagnóstico oportuno de la corionicidad y amnionicidad en el embarazo gemelar mediante ecografía puede dar la pauta para una vigilancia fetal estrecha y mejorar así el resultado obstétrico.
Monitoreo continuo de glucosa durante la gestación en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 pregestacional
Authors: Del Mar Morales María , Acho Edwin , Castrillón Carolina , Marcelo Humberto , Vera Edy , Lopez Eddy , Zhang Cristian , Leey Julio
Published: September 2022

La diabetes pregestacional requiere un control glicémico estricto durante el embarazo.  Los dispositivos de monitoreo continuo de glucosa (MCG) miden niveles de glucosa intersticial sin necesidad de punción capilar. Se estudió 4 gestantes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 pregestacional con la ayuda del MCG durante 2 semanas de su gestación. Ellas tuvieron sesiones nutricionales semanales y controles médicos con un endocrinólogo. El promedio de nivel de glucosa osciló entre 82 y 171 mg/dL. El MCG permitió cambios tempranos en el tratamiento de una paciente con hipoglicemia. Todas las pacientes manifestaron que el MCG les ayudó en la selección de sus alimentos. En conclusión, el MCG ayudó en el reconocimiento de carbohidratos y en el reajuste del tratamiento. El MCG tuvo buena aceptación de su uso.
Carcinoma primario puro de células escamosas de ovario
Authors: Torres-Cepeda Duly , Rondon-Tapia Martha , Reyna-Villasmil Eduardo
Published: September 2022

El carcinoma de células escamosas de ovario es una neoplasia maligna rara; su aparición es atribuible a la transformación maligna de un tumor ovárico existente. La variedad pura del carcinoma de células escamosas del ovario, en ausencia de lesiones ováricas preexistentes que incluyen quistes dermoides, tumores de Brenner o endometriosis, es extremadamente rara y se le considera una metaplasia del epitelio de superficie. Debido a su rareza, no se han establecido las características clínicas ni los tratamientos efectivos. La evaluación adecuada antes de la cirugía es fundamental para determinar el alcance de la cirugía y la terapia adyuvante. No existe acuerdo sobre la quimioterapia o radioterapia postoperatoria. El pronóstico de la enfermedad avanzada es generalmente pobre. Se presenta un caso de carcinoma de células escamosas primario puro de ovario.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Plunge Pipe Diameter on Cyclone Performance in Cyclone Separators
Authors: BALİKCİ Ayşegül , KOCA Tarkan
Published: September 2022

Cyclone separators are used in the process of separating the solid from the gas by forming a vortex with the gas stream. Cyclones are located in facilities such as iron and steel, cement, construction. According to their entry shape, cyclones are tangential, axial and snail shaped, and the ones with the most use are tangential entry cyclones. Cyclones have a tangential inlet to form vortexes, an axial clean gas outlet and a conical structure for particle evacuation. The fact that cyclones have a simple structure that can withstand high temperature and high pressure is seen as an economic advantage. According to the parameters affecting cyclone performance, dust collection efficiency and pressure loss have an important place. Factors affecting pressure loss according to these parameters; cyclone entry cross-section, plunge pipe diameter and friction in the inner wall. In addition, the size of solid particles in the gas is less than 5μm, which adversely affects the dust retention efficiency. In this study, dust retention efficiency and pressure loss were examined by changing the plunge pipe diameter of the cyclone. According to the design modeling of the cyclone, 3 different plunge pipe diameters were selected and the dimensions of the subduction pipe diameter; Ø88.9 mm, Ø114,3 and Ø139.7mm. According to the data obtained, three different flow analyzes were performed in the Solidworks Flow Simulation program. In addition, experimental studies were conducted and the results were compared. As a result of the experimental study, Ø114.3 mm provided the best dust collection efficiency according to three different plunge pipe diameters.
MRG Veri Tabanında U-Net ile Otomatik Kafatası Çıkartma ve Beyin Segmentasyonu
Authors: DERİN Alperen , BAYRAM Ahmet Furkan , GURKAN Caglar , BUDAK Abdulkadir , KARATAŞ Hakan
Published: September 2022

Skull stripping has an important in neuroimaging workflow. Skull stripping is a time-consuming process in the Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For this reason, skull stripping and brain segmentation are aimed in this study. For the this purpose, the U-NET architecture design, which is one of the frequently used models in the field of medical image segmentation, was used. Also, different loss functions such as Cross Entropy (CE), Dice, IoU, Tversky, Focal Tversky and their compound forms were tested on U-Net architecture design. The compound loss function of CE and Dice loss functions achieved the best performace with the average dice score of 0.976, average IoU score of 0.964, sensitivity of 0.972, specificity of 0.985, precision of 0.960 and accuracy of 0.981. As a result, skull stripping was performed to facilitate the detection of brain diseases.
Ways of the parasitism origin in the phytonematode orders Tylenchida and Aphelenchida
Authors: Ryss A.Yu.
Published: September 2022

The following principal features of the plant parasitic nematode evolution are listed and illustrated. Phytonematodes have been originated from saprotrophic nematodes (bacterio- and mycotrophic ones), firstly plant hosts and later insect vectors were consequently included in their life cycle. The speciation factors were changing depending on the stage of evolution of the host–parasite relationships. In the primitive plant parasitic nematode taxa the species divergence is associated with the soil-climatic conditions; in the most advanced taxa of the sedentary phytonema todes the co-evolution with their plant host taxa took place; in the nematode taxa associated with insect vectors the insect families served as the speciation factors for nematodes. At the key steps of the host-parasite relations evolution, similar adaptations appeared independently in different phylogenetic lines. In transition to endoparasitic feeding, the stylet enforced and the lobe of the enlarged pharyngeal glands was formed. As the adaptations to the migratory endoparasitism in plant tissues, posterior part of the female body shortened and the posterior genital system branch located there, reduced in the postembryogenesis. In the sedentary endoparasitic nematodes the topic and trophic relations with plant hosts were developing independently (incoherently) in different phylogenetic lines. But all sedentary phytonematodes have common features: the specialized infective juvenile stages were differentiated in the life cycle; the diameter of adult female body, occupied with a hypertrophied genital system with mature eggs containing infective juveniles, has been increased significantly. In insect-vectored nematode taxa the special dispersal entomophilic stages were differentiated in the life cycles by two different phylogenetic lines: in one line the transmission juvenile stages (dauerlarvae) were formed, in the second line – the inseminated but not egg-producing transmission females were arisen. The parallelisms in development of similar adaptations indicate the general principles and tendencies of the plant parasitic nematode evolution.
Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası Giresun Teşkilatlanması ve 1930 Belediye Seçimleri
Authors: ELYİĞİT Gamze
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışma 12 Ağustos 1930 tarihinde Ali Fethi Bey’in (Okyar) girişimleriyle açılan Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası’nın (SCF) Giresun Vilayeti’nin teşkilatlanmasını, 1930 yılı belediye seçimi ile kapatılma sürecini ele almaktadır. Bilindiği üzere 1929 yılında tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan ekonomik kriz ülkemizde de etkisi oldukça şiddetli olmuştu. Ekonomik krizin ülkemizde ortaya çıkardığı ekonomik ve toplumsal sorunlar giderek artmış ve bu da tepkilere yol açmıştı. Bu durum SCF’nin kıyı kesimlerinde etkili olmasını sağlamış ve iktidar fırkasının yanlış yönetimini eleştiren çoğu muhalif kesim SCF’yi desteklemesine neden olmuştur. SCF Giresun Vilayet teşkilatlanması özellikle dönemin iktidarı Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası (CHF) tarafından sert eleştirilere maruz kalmıştır. CHF’nin oluşturduğu istihbarat raporları Giresun’da SCF teşkilatlanmasının irticai faaliyeti bulunan kişilerin ve komünizmin burada yoğun bir şekilde olduğunu ifade ederek kapatılmasına neden olmuştur. Ele aldığımız bu çalışmada hedefimiz SCF teşkilatlanmasının Karadeniz Bölgesinde gösterdiği hareketliliğin sosyo-ekonomik ve toplumsal yapısını inceleyerek aktarmaktır.