bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ammonia stripping in open‐recirculating cooling water systems
Authors: Hsieh Ming‐Kai , Walker Michael E. , Safari Iman , Chien Shih‐Hsiang , Abbasian Javad , Vidic Radisav D. , Dzombak David A.
Published: April 2012

A mathematical model was developed to simulate ammonia stripping in wet recirculating cooling systems. The model can be used to predict ammonia concentration in cooling systems using makeup water containing ammonia, such as secondary treated municipal wastewater (MWW). The model revealed that ammonia stripping in a cooling system is a function of makeup water quality, pH, and air and water flow rates in the cooling tower. Pilot‐scale cooling towers designed and constructed previously for the investigation of biofouling, scaling, and corrosion issues in the reuse of treated MWW for cooling were used in this study for model verification. Data from pilot‐scale testing using a particular ammonia‐containing makeup water were used to calibrate the model. The overall mass transfer coefficient based on gas film for ammonia stripping in the cooling tower was found to be 2.3 × 10−3 m/s. Sensitivity analysis showed that even under only slightly alkaline conditions (pH 8), a significant portion of ammonia can be removed through water‐to‐air stripping, which is consistent with low ammonia measurements in cooling towers reported in the literature. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 489–495, 2013
Cross‐sectional profiles of sand ripples, megaripples, and dunes: a method for discriminating between formational mechanisms
Authors: Zimbelman James R. , Williams Steven H. , Johnston Andrew K.
Published: April 2012

Cross‐sectional profiles of sand ripples, megaripples, and sand dunes provide a useful tool for discriminating between formation by ripple and dune processes. Feature width, defined as the basal break in slope along the profile to either side of the crest, represents a good standard for comparison of profile attributes across more than three orders of magnitude. Aspect ratio (height/width) as a function of log width separates measurements into clusters representing differing mechanisms of formation. Scaling both height and distance for individual profiles by feature width facilitates comparison of profile shapes across three orders of magnitude in width. The data presented here should prove useful for evaluating possible mechanisms of origin for aeolian features observed remotely, including on planetary bodies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of methods for quantifying active layer dynamics and bedload discharge in armoured gravel‐bed rivers
Authors: Houbrechts Geoffrey , Van Campenhout Jean , Levecq Yannick , Hallot Eric , Peeters Alexandre , Petit Francois
Published: April 2012

Several methods were employed in the Ardennian rivers (Belgium) to determine the depth of the active layer mobilized during floods and to evaluate the bedload discharge associated with these events. The use of scour chains has shown that the depth of the active layer is systematically less than the b‐axis of the average particle size (D50) of the elements which compose the surface layer of the riffles. This indicates that only a partial transport exists during low magnitude floods. The bedload discharge has been evaluated by combining data obtained using the scour chains technique and the distance covered by tracers. Quantities of sediment transported during frequent floods are relatively low (0·02 t km–2) due to the armour layer which protects the subsurface material. These low values are also related to the fact that the distance calculated for mobilized bedload only applies to tracers fitted with PIT (passive integrated transponder)‐tags (diameter > 20 mm), whereas part of the bedload discharge is composed of sand and fine gravel transported over greater distances than the pebbles. The break‐up of the armour layer was observed only once, for a decennial discharge. During this event, the bedload discharge increased considerably (2 t km–2). The use of sediment traps, data from dredging and a Helley–Smith sampler confirm the low bedload transport in Ardennian rivers in comparison to the bedload transport in other geomorphological contexts. This difference is explained by the presence of an armoured layer but also by the imbricated structures of flat bed elements which increase the resistance to the flow. Finally, the use of the old iron industry wastes allowed to quantify the thickness of the bed reworked over the past centuries. In the Lembrée River, the river‐bed contains slag elements up to a depth of about 50 cm, indicating that exceptional floods may rework the bed to a considerable depth. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Degradation Model for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes due to Impurities in Coal Syngas: Part I Theory and Validation
Authors: Cayan F. N. , Pakalapati S. R. , Celik I. , Xu C. , Zondlo J.
Published: April 2012

A new phenomenological one‐dimensional model is formulated to simulate the typical degradation patterns observed in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes due to coal syngas contaminants such as arsenic (As) and phosphorous (P). The model includes gas phase diffusion and surface diffusion within the anode and the adsorption reactions on the surface of the Ni‐YSZ‐based anode. Model parameters such as reaction rate constants for the adsorption reactions are obtained through indirect calibration to match the degradation rates reported in the literature for arsine (AsH3), phosphine (PH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and hydrogen selenide (H2Se) under accelerated testing conditions. Results from the model demonstrate that the deposition of the impurity on the Ni catalyst starts near the fuel channel/anode interface and slowly moves toward the active anode/electrolyte interface as observed in the experiments. Parametric studies performed at different impurity concentrations and operating temperatures show that the coverage rate increases with increasing temperature and impurity concentration, as expected. The calibrated model was then used for prediction of the performance curves at different impurity concentrations and operating temperatures. Good agreement is obtained between the predicted results and the experimental data reported in the literature.
Late Holocene Tectonic Uplift and the Silting Up of Lechaion, the Western Harbor of Ancient Corinth, Greece
Authors: Morhange C. , Pirazzoli P. A. , Evelpidou N. , Marriner N.
Published: April 2012

Lechaion's ancient harbor is now a coastal swamp filled with sediments. Two natural factors explain the harbor's abandonment: (1) tectonic uplift during historical times and (2) the location of the harbor basin in a serpentine depression protected from the sea. Although it undoubtedly functioned as a very efficient sediment trap, only modest sedimentation rates (<1 mm/yr) have been measured in the basin. This paradox suggests that the basin was dredged and that the extracted sediments were dumped, forming a number of mounds around the harbor edges. The transition from marine organics to silt is dated to 750–400 cal. B.C. and precedes the 1.2 m uplift of the harbor at around 340 B.C., which underscores the minimal impact of tectonic forcing factors. The presence of fine‐grained sediments is consistent with an increasingly protected environment. The macrofauna indicate a low‐energy environment enriched with organic matter and brackish conditions. All data suggest that this environment became isolated from the sea. Although a seismic uplift around 340 B.C. played a partial role in the evolution of the harbor, it is not the sole natural forcing agent involved in the silting up of the basin. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Powerful Cocktail Methods for Detecting Genome‐Wide Gene‐Environment Interaction
Authors: Hsu Li , Jiao Shuo , Dai James Y. , Hutter Carolyn , Peters Ulrike , Kooperberg Charles
Published: April 2012

Identifying gene and environment interaction (G × E) can provide insights into biological networks of complex diseases, identify novel genes that act synergistically with environmental factors, and inform risk prediction. However, despite the fact that hundreds of novel disease‐associated loci have been identified from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), few G × Es have been discovered. One reason is that most studies are underpowered for detecting these interactions. Several new methods have been proposed to improve power for G × E analysis, but performance varies with scenario. In this article, we present a module‐based approach to integrating various methods that exploits each method's most appealing aspects. There are three modules in our approach: (1) a screening module for prioritizing Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs); (2) a multiple comparison module for testing G × E; and (3) a G × E testing module. We combine all three of these modules and develop two novel “cocktail” methods. We demonstrate that the proposed cocktail methods maintain the type I error, and that the power tracks well with the best existing methods, despite that the best methods may be different under various scenarios and interaction models. For GWAS, where the true interaction models are unknown, methods like our “cocktail” methods that are powerful under a wide range of situations are particularly appealing. Broadly speaking, the modular approach is conceptually straightforward and computationally simple. It builds on common test statistics and is easily implemented without additional computational efforts. It also allows for an easy incorporation of new methods as they are developed. Our work provides a comprehensive and powerful tool for devising effective strategies for genome‐wide detection of gene‐environment interactions.
Prevalence, presentation and prognosis of delirium in older people in the population, at home and in long term care: a review
Authors: de Lange E. , Verhaak P. F. M. , van der Meer K.
Published: April 2012

Objective

The aim of this study is to provide an overview of prevalence, symptoms, risk factors and prognosis of delirium in primary care and institutionalized long‐term care.

Design

The method used in this study is a systematic PubMed search and literature review.

Results

The prevalence of delirium in the population among the elderly aged 65+ years is 1–2%. Prevalence rises with age: 10% among a “general” population aged 85+ years. Prevalence rises up to 22% in populations with higher percentages of demented elder. In long‐term care, prevalence ranges between 1.4% and 70%, depending on diagnostic criteria and on the prevalence of dementia. There is a significant increase of the risk of delirium with age and cognitive decline in all groups. Concerning prognosis, most studies agree that older people who previously experienced delirium have a higher risk of dementia and a higher mortality rate. Population and long‐term care studies show the same tendency.

Conclusions

Delirium in a non‐selected population aged 65+ years is uncommon. However, prevalence rises very quickly in selected older groups. Primary care doctors should be aware of a relatively high risk of delirium among the elderly in long‐term care, those older than 85 years and those with dementia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A DUAL ATKINSON MEASURE OF SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITY OF HEALTH
Authors: Erreygers Guido
Published: April 2012

The Atkinson index of income inequality is based on a comparison of the average income with the equivalent income, where the equivalent income is defined as the level of income that, if given to everyone, would generate the same social welfare as the existing distribution of income. This paper explores the possibility of extending this approach to the measurement of socioeconomic inequality of health. It assumes a social evaluation function that depends upon two variables: socioeconomic status as well as health status. With a general form of this function, an Atkinson measure is derived, which gives exactly the same result when applied to the socioeconomic variable and when applied to the health variable. The paper examines the properties of the index and suggests various extensions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New endoscopic thyroidectomy via a unilateral axillo‐breast approach with gas insufflation: Preliminary report
Authors: Lee Myung‐Chul , Mo Jeong‐A , Joon Choi Ik , Lee Byung‐Chul , Lee Guk‐Haeng
Published: April 2012

Background

Invasiveness of endoscopic thyroidectomy has been in debate. The purpose of this study was to introduce new endoscopic thyroidectomy via a unilateral axillo‐breast approach (UABA) with gas insufflation to lessen invasiveness.

Methods

We performed 68 cases of hemithyroidectomy via a UABA with gas insufflation from January to July 2011. The following variables were studied: operation time, pain score, drainage amount, drainage day, perioperative complications, pathological outcomes, and cosmetic satisfaction.

Results

Mean postoperative pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were 2.75 ± 0.93 and 2.07 ± 0.79 at 1 and 3 days after surgery. The mean amount of drainage over the first 3 postoperative days was 144.35 ± 51.64 mL, and the mean time to drain removal was 3.75 ± 0.81 days. Two cases (2.9%) of transient vocal cord palsy and 2 cases (2.9%) of seroma were identified. All patients were satisfied with the cosmetic results.

Conclusion

Endoscopic thyroidectomy via a UABA with gas insufflation is a feasible and less invasive option for selected patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
A review of polyvinyl alcohol and its uses in cartilage and orthopedic applications
Authors: Baker Maribel I. , Walsh Steven P. , Schwartz Zvi , Boyan Barbara D.
Published: April 2012

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer derived from polyvinyl acetate through partial or full hydroxylation. PVA is commonly used in medical devices due to its low protein adsorption characteristics, biocompatibility, high water solubility, and chemical resistance. Some of the most common medical uses of PVA are in soft contact lenses, eye drops, embolization particles, tissue adhesion barriers, and as artificial cartilage and meniscus. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the available published information on PVA with respect to its safety as a medical device implant material for cartilage replacement. The review includes historical clinical use of PVA in orthopedics, and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility studies. Finally, the safety recommendation involving the further development of PVA cryogels for cartilage replacement is addressed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2012.
The electronic spectra and the H‐bonding pattern of the sulfur and selenium substituted guanines
Authors: Wang Jing , Gu Jiande , Leszczynski Jerzy
Published: April 2012

The density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP, M05‐2x, and M06‐2x functionals, along with the 6‐311+G(d, p) basis set, were used in the study of the UV absorption spectra and the H‐bonding pairing patterns of the sulfur and selenium substituted guanines. The time‐dependent DFT calculations reveal that the red‐shifts of the transition energies predicted for guanine for the first gas‐phase observable transition amount to 55 nm for S6mG and 86 nm for Se6mG, respectively. These changes in the transition energies are qualitatively comparable to the experimental data for substituted guanines in DNA. The density deformation map reveals that both sulfur and selenium atoms exhibit lesser conjugated with the purine ring, which leads to the small transition energies in S6mG and Se6mG. The decrease in binding energy (3 kcal/mol) of Se6mGmC as compared to that of mGmC is well related to the observation of the melting temperature difference ΔTm∼3.9 °C for the Se‐DNA versus DNA. The molecular recognition (mGmC pairing) pattern is found to be changed significantly due to the replacement of O6 by S or Se. The substantial base–base plane twisting revealed in this study suggests that the base stacking in the DNA might be interrupted. This study shows that the red‐shifts of the transition energies predicted by the M05‐2x and M06‐2x functionals are close to those revealed by the B3LYP calculations. As M05‐2x and M06‐2x offer better descriptions for the dispersion interactions, they provide efficient approaches to investigate the influences of the base‐stacking on the transition energies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are the DSM‐IV Personality Disorders Related to Mindfulness? An Italian Study on Clinical Participants
Authors: Fossati Andrea , Vigorelli Porro Federico , Maffei Cesare , Borroni Serena
Published: April 2012

Objectives

This study aims to assess the relationships between measures of mindfulness, self‐report, and interview measures of personality disorders (PDs) in a sample of 111 consecutively admitted adult outpatients.

Results

When PDs were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis II Personality Disorders, Version 2.0, borderline and histrionic PD, as well as the overall number of PD criteria met by each participant, were significantly predicted by mindfulness measures. When the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire‐4+ (PDQ‐4+) scale scores were entered in the regression equations as dependent variables, only the obsessive‐compulsive PD seemed to be unrelated with mindfulness. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale total score and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Act with Awareness scale were consistent, negative, and nonredundant predictors of PDQ‐4+ dimensionally assessed PDs.

Conclusion

As a whole, our findings support the hypothesis that low levels of mindfulness play a significant role in personality psychopathology, and particularly in borderline PD.
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in advanced nonsmall‐cell lung cancer patients treated with first‐line bevacizumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatin
Authors: Chang Yeun‐Chung , Yu Chong‐Jen , Chen Chung‐Ming , Hu Fu‐Chang , Hsu Hao‐Hsiang , Tseng Wen‐Yih I , Ting‐Fang Shih Tiffany , Yang Pan‐Chyr , Chih‐Hsin Yang James
Published: April 2012

Purpose:

To investigate dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of advanced nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with the antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin as first‐line treatment.

Materials and Methods:

All patients were enrolled for MRI and computed tomography (CT) before and after the first three courses of bevacizumab combination chemotherapy. Pharmacokinetic parameters (Ktrans, kep, ve, vp) derived from DCE MRI were computed for the main mass. Parametric histogram analysis was obtained to evaluate changes of the internal tumor composition and for correlation with tumor response measured on CT.

Results:

After three cycles of treatment, 11 patients showed decreased tumor size and a decreased value of all MR‐derived pharmacokinetic parameters. Among these parameters, there was a significant decrease of mean and standard deviation of the Ktrans histogram as well as a decrease of mean of the kep histogram (P < 0.05). Tumors with larger mean values of rate constant kep (P < 0.0001) and smaller standard deviation of volume of extravascular extracellular space fraction ve (P < 0.0001) on histograms before chemotherapy were considered predictors for treatment response.

Conclusion:

DCE MRI enables a functional analysis of the treatment response of NSCLC. MRI parametric histogram has the potential to predict early treatment response of combined bevacizumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatin. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:387–396. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Naphthazarin has a protective effect on the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridine‐induced Parkinson's disease model
Authors: Choi Seon Young , Son Tae Gen , Park Hee Ra , Jang Young Jung , Oh Shin Bi , Jin Bora , Lee Jaewon
Published: April 2012

“Neurohormesis” refers to a response to a moderate level of stress that enhances the ability of the nervous systems to resist more severe stress that might be lethal or cause dysfunction or disease. Neurohormetic phytochemicals, such as, resveratrol, sulforaphane, curcumin, and catechins, protect neurons against injury and disease. Naphthoquinones, such as, juglone and plumbagin, induce robust hormetic stress responses. However, the possibility that subtoxic dose of 5,8‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (naphthazarin) may protect against brain diseases via the activation of an adaptive stress response pathway in the brain has not been investigated. In this study, we examined the neurohormetic effect of a subtoxic dose of naphthazarin in a Parkinson's disease model. It was found that, under these conditions, naphthazarin enhanced movement ability, prevented loss of dopaminergic neurons, and attenuated neuroinflammation in a 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridine‐induced Parkinson's disease model. Furthermore, it was found that the neuroprotective effect of naphthazarin was mediated by the suppression of astroglial activation in response to 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridine treatment. In conclusion, we suggest that naphthazarin, in view of its hormetic effect on neuroprotection, be viewed as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases associated with neuroinflammation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lead induces an osteoarthritis‐like phenotype in articular chondrocytes through disruption of TGF‐β signaling
Authors: Holz Jonathan D. , Beier Eric , Sheu Tzong‐Jen , Ubayawardena Resika , Wang Meina , Sampson Erik R. , Rosier Randy N. , Zuscik Michael , Puzas J. Edward
Published: April 2012

Lead remains a significant environmental toxin, and we believe we may have identified a novel target of lead toxicity in articular chondrocytes. These cells are responsible for the maintenance of joint matrix, and do so under the regulation of TGF‐β signaling. As lead is concentrated in articular cartilage, we hypothesize that it can disrupt normal chondrocyte phenotype through suppression of TGF‐β signaling. These experiments examine the effects of lead exposure in vivo and in vitro at biologically relevant levels, from 1 nM to 10 µM on viability, collagen levels, matrix degrading enzyme activity, TGF‐β signaling, and articular surface morphology. Our results indicate that viability was unchanged at levels ≤100 µM Pb, but low and high level lead in vivo exposure resulted in fibrillation and degeneration of the articular surface. Lead treatment also decreased levels of type II collagen and increased type X collagen, in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, MMP13 activity increased in a dose‐dependent manner. Active caspase 3 and 8 were dose‐dependently elevated, and treatment with 10 µM Pb resulted in increases of 30% and 500%, respectively. Increasing lead treatment resulted in a corresponding reduction in TGF‐β reporter activity, with a 95% reduction at 10µM. Levels of phosphoSmad2 and 3 were suppressed in vitro and in vivo and lead dose‐dependently increased Smurf2. These changes closely parallel those seen in osteoarthritis. Over time this phenotypic shift could compromise maintenance of the joint matrix. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1760–1766, 2012
Photorefractive Composite Based on a Monolithic Polymer
Authors: Giang Ha Ngoc , Kinashi Kenji , Sakai Wataru , Tsutsumi Naoto
Published: April 2012

A new class of photorefractive (PR) composite based on a fully functionalized polymer with high phase‐stability is reported. The polymer containing non‐linear optical (NLO) chromophores and charge‐transporting carbazole moieties is synthesized by a polymer‐analogous reaction. The polymer is doped with plasticizer, NLO dye, and sensitizer to fabricate the PR composite. The NLO dye is the same as the NLO chromophore moiety in the polymer side chain. The PR performance of the composite is evaluated by degenerated four‐wave mixing and two‐beam coupling measurements. A diffraction efficiency of 30% at a relatively low applied electric field of 45 V μm−1 is achieved. Despite a high concentration of NLO dye, the composites show good stability for a long period without phase separation.
MicroRNA target site polymorphisms in the VHL‐HIF1α pathway predict renal cell carcinoma risk
Authors: Wei Hua , Ke Hung‐Lung , Lin Jie , Shete Sanjay , Wood Christopher G. , Hildebrandt Michelle A.T.
Published: April 2012

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for ∼4% of all human malignancies and is the 9th leading cause of male cancer death in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variation within microRNA (miRNA)‐binding sites of genes in the VHL‐HIF1α pathway on RCC risk. We identified 429 miRNA‐binding site single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 102 pathway genes and assessed 53 tagging‐SNPs for 31 of these genes for risk in a case–control study consisting of 894 RCC cases and 1,516 controls. Results showed that five SNPs were significantly associated with RCC risk. The most significant finding was rs743409 in MAPK1. Under the additive model, the variant was associated with a 10% risk reduction (OR: 0.90, 95% CI, 0.77–0.98). Other significant findings were for SNPs in CDCP1, TFRC, and DEC1. Cumulative effects analysis showed that subjects carrying four or five unfavorable genotypes had a 2.14‐fold increase in risk (95% CI, 1.03–4.43, P = 0.04) than those with no unfavorable genotypes. Potential higher‐order gene–gene interactions were identified and categorized subjects into different risk groups. The OR of the high‐risk group defined by two SNPs: CDCP1:rs6773576 (GG) and DEC1:rs10982724 (GG) was 4.46 times higher than that of low‐risk reference group (95% CI, 1.31–15.08). Overall, our study provides the first evidence supporting a connection between miRNA‐binding site SNPs within the VHL‐HIF1α pathway and RCC risk. These novel genetic risk factors might help identify individuals at high risk to enable detection of tumors at an early, curable stage. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Primary lateral sclerosis as progressive supranuclear palsy: Diagnosis by diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Coon Elizabeth A. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Jack Clifford R. , Josephs Keith A.
Published: April 2012

Background:

Evaluating the integrity of white matter tracts with diffusion tensor imaging may differentiate primary lateral sclerosis from progressive supranuclear palsy.

Methods:

Thirty‐three prospectively recruited subjects had standardized evaluations and diffusion tensor imaging: 3 with primary lateral sclerosis who presented with features suggestive of progressive supranuclear palsy, 10 with probable or definite progressive supranuclear palsy, and 20 matched controls. We compared fractional anisotropy of the corticospinal tract, superior cerebellar peduncles, and body of the corpus callosum between groups.

Results:

Both the primary lateral sclerosis and progressive supranuclear palsy subjects showed reduced fractional anisotropy in superior cerebellar peduncle and body of the corpus callosum compared with controls, but only primary lateral sclerosis subjects showed reductions in the corticospinal tracts. A ratio of corticospinal tract/superior cerebellar peduncle best distinguished the disorders (P < .02).

Conclusions:

The corticospinal tract/superior cerebellar peduncle ratio is a marker to differentiate primary lateral sclerosis from progressive supranuclear palsy. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
q‐Bernstein polynomials related to q‐Frobenius–Euler polynomials, l‐functions, and q‐Stirling numbers
Authors: Simsek Yilmaz , Bayad Abdelmejid , Lokesha V.
Published: April 2012

The aim of this paper was to derive new identities and relations associated with the q‐Bernstein polynomials, q‐Frobenius–Euler polynomials, l‐functions, and q‐Stirling numbers of the second kind. We also give some applications related to theses polynomials and numbers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint terminology and classification of the complications related to native tissue female pelvic floor surgery
Authors: Haylen Bernard T. , Freeman Robert M. , Lee Joseph , Swift Steven E. , Cosson Michel , Deprest Jan , Dwyer Peter L. , Fatton Brigitte , Kocjancic Ervin , Maher Chris , Petri Eckhard , Rizk Diaa E. , Schaer Gabriel N. , Webb Ralph
Published: April 2012

Introduction and Hypothesis

A terminology and standardized classification has yet to be developed for those complications related to native tissue female pelvic floor surgery.

Methods

This report on the terminology and classification combines the input of members of the Standardization and Terminology Committees of two International Organizations, the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) and the International Continence Society (ICS) and a Joint IUGA/ICS Working Group on Complications Terminology, assisted at intervals by many external referees. A process of rounds of internal and external review took place with decision‐making by collective opinion (consensus).

Results

A terminology and classification of complications related to native tissue female pelvic floor surgery has been developed, with the classification based on category (C), time (T), and site (S) classes and divisions, that should encompass all conceivable scenarios for describing operative complications and healing abnormalities. The CTS code for each complication, involving three (or four) letters and three numerals, is likely to be very suitable for any surgical audit or registry, particularly one that is procedure‐specific. Users of the classification have been assisted by case examples, color charts, and online aids (www.icsoffice.org/ntcomplication).

Conclusions

A consensus‐based terminology and classification report for complications in native tissue female pelvic floor surgery has been produced. It is aimed at being a significant aid to clinical practice and particularly to research. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:406–414, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk factors for mesh complications after trocar guided transvaginal mesh kit repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse
Authors: Elmér Caroline , Falconer Christian , Hallin Anders , Larsson Gregor , Ek Marion , Altman Daniel ,   for the Nordic Transvaginal Mesh Group
Published: April 2012

Aims

To identify risk factors for mesh exposures after anterior pelvic organ prolapse repair using a standardized trocar guided polypropylene mesh kit.

Methods

A secondary risk analysis combining patients from two prospective multicenter studies. Main outcome was clinical host‐vs‐implant reactions one year after surgery using a macroscopic inflammatory scale.

Results

353 patients were included in the study. Mean age at surgery was 65.3 (±9.6 SD) years and surgery was performed as a primary procedure in 224/353 (63.5%) patients. Mesh exposures, of which the majority were mild‐moderate, occurred in a total of 30/349 patients (8.6%). Multivariate logistic regression showed increased odds for mesh exposures for women who smoked before surgery (OR 3.48, 95% CI 1.18–10.28), who had given birth to more than two children (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.07–6.51) and those with somatic inflammatory disease (OR 5.11, 95% CI 1.17–22.23). Age, body mass index, and menopausal status showed no significant association with clinical mesh exposures.

Conclusions

Smoking, multiple childbirth, and somatic inflammatory disease are possible risk factors for mesh exposure after trocar guided mesh kit surgery for anterior pelvic organ prolapse. Preoperative smoking cessation may decrease the risk for exposures. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:1165–1169, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An international urogynecological association (IUGA)/international continence society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for reporting outcomes of surgical procedures for pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Toozs‐Hobson Philip , Freeman Robert , Barber Matthew , Maher Christopher , Haylen Bernard , Athanasiou Stavros , Swift Steven , Whitmore Kristene , Ghoniem Gamal , de Ridder Dirk
Published: April 2012

Introduction and Hypothesis

Standardized terminology has yet to be developed for reporting the outcomes for surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Methods

This report combines the input of the Terminology and Standardization Committees of the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) and the International Continence Society (ICS) and a joint Working Group on this topic, as well as expert external referees. The aim was to present a standardized terminology for the definitions of surgery and propose a structure for reporting the outcomes of surgical procedures for POP. An extensive drafting and review process was undertaken, as well as open review on both IUGA and ICS websites.

Results

A terminology report was developed outlining the recommended structure for reporting outcomes of surgical trials involving POP. This document does not define success and failure. The report includes patient‐reported subjective and objective outcomes to enable researchers to report on their results and compare them with other studies.

Conclusions

A consensus‐based method for standardizing terminology for reporting outcome measures of POP surgery was developed to aid clinicians working in this area of research. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:415–421, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stress urinary incontinence and quality of life: A reliability study of a condition‐specific instrument in paper and web‐based versions
Authors: Sjöström M. , Stenlund H. , Johansson S. , Umefjord G. , Samuelsson E.
Published: April 2012

Aims

Quality of life is an important outcome measure in studies of urinary incontinence. Electronic collection of data has several advantages. We examined the reliability of the Swedish version of the highly recommended condition‐specific quality of life questionnaire International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire‐Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Quality of Life (ICIQ‐LUTSqol), in paper and web‐based formats in women with stress urinary incontinence.

Methods

Women aged 18–70 years, with stress urinary incontinence at least once weekly, were recruited via the project's website and answered the ICIQ‐LUTSqol questionnaire. Respondents completed either the paper version twice (n = 78), or paper and web‐based versions once each (n = 54). The ICIQ validation protocol was followed.

Results

The mean interval between answers was 18.1 (SD = 3.1) days in the paper versus paper setting and 15.0 (SD = 7.8) days in the paper versus web‐based setting. Internal consistency was excellent, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.87 for the paper version and 0.86 for the web‐based version. There was a high degree of agreement of overall scores with intraclass correlations in the paper versus paper and paper versus web‐based settings: 0.95 (P < 0.001) and 0.92 (P < 0.001), respectively. The mean of each individual item's weighted kappa value was 0.61 in both settings.

Conclusions

The questionnaire is reliable in women with stress urinary incontinence, and it can be used in either a paper or a web‐based version. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:1242–1246, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patients with Fanconi anemia and AML have different cytogenetic clones than de novo cases of AML
Authors: Rochowski Andrzej , Olson Susan B. , Alonzo Todd A. , Gerbing Robert B. , Lange Beverly J. , Alter Blanche P.
Published: April 2012

Specific cytogenetic clones might distinguish patients with unrecognized Fanconi anemia (FA) who present with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from those with sporadic AML. Cytogenetic reports in literature cases of FA and AML were compared with de novo cases enrolled on CCG‐2961. Gain of 1q, gain of 3q, monosomy 7, deleted 7q, gain of 13q, and deleted 20q were more frequent in FA AML; t(8;21), trisomy 8, t(9;11), t(6;9), and inversion 16 were exclusive to de novo AML cases. Observation of the FA AML cytogenetic clonal patterns should raise suspicion of an underlying leukemia predisposition syndrome and influence management. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 922–924. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Dual testing with QF‐PCR and karyotype analysis for prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities. Evaluation of 13 500 cases with consideration of using QF‐PCR as a stand‐alone test according to referral indications
Authors: Papoulidis Ioannis , Siomou Elisavet , Sotiriadis Alexandros , Efstathiou George , Psara Anastasia , Sevastopoulou Eirini , Anastasakis Eleftherios , Sifakis Stavros , Tsiligianni Theodora , Kontodiou Maria , Malamaki Christine , Tzimina Maria , Petersen Michael Bjorn , Manolakos Emmanouil , Athanasiadis Apostolos
Published: April 2012

Objective

Evaluate the results obtained from Quantitative Fluorescent (QF)‐PCR and conventional karyotype analysis to determine the advantages and disadvantages of dual testing in prenatal diagnosis.

Methods

From 1 June 2006 to 1 June 2010, dual testing by QF‐PCR and karyotype analysis was performed in 13 500 prenatal samples. The rates of concordant results between the two methods were evaluated and the rates of clinically significant chromosomal abnormalities undetected by QF‐PCR were assessed.

Results

Abnormal karyotype was found in 320 out of 13 500 cases (2.37%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.11–2.63%). From these, QF‐PCR did not detect the abnormality in 70 cases (0.52%, 95% CI 0.4–0.64%), whereas 34 had a high/unknown risk of adverse outcome (0.25%, 95% CI 0.17–0.33%). By selectively applying dual testing only at cases with ultrasound findings and/or genetic history, 13 cases of high/unknown risk would have been missed (0.1%, 95% CI 0.05–0.15%).

Conclusion

Selective dual testing is expected to achieve a serious beneficial economical outcome and reduce parental anxiety produced by ambiguous cytogenetic findings. However, the percentage of 0.1% undetected clinically significant abnormalities cannot be ignored. A suggestion would include the offering of a choice to the pregnant women, undergoing prenatal screening, by informing them about different approaches and various complications. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Particle‐size‐dependent properties of sulfonated polystyrene nanoparticles
Authors: Hazarika Mousumi , Malkappa Kuruma , Jana Tushar
Published: April 2012

The influence of sulfonation reaction time, temperature and the parent polystyrene (PS) particle size on the degree of sulfonation (DS), ion exchange capacity (IEC), morphology and glass transition temperature (Tg) of sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) particles was investigated. A longer reaction time (ca 2 h) at 40 °C and a smaller particle size resulted in SPS particles with a high DS. It was found that a larger PS particle size did not readily yield SPS particles with a high DS even with a longer reaction time. Contrary to the popular belief in the literature that a higher DS ensures a high IEC, we observed that the proportionality of IEC to DS is primarily controlled by the SPS particle size. Larger IEC values were obtained for larger particles rather than smaller ones despite their similar DS, owing to the presence of strong interactions between − SO3H groups within the particles in the latter case which restricts the availability of free H+ for ion exchange. The SPS particles displayed a core‐shell morphology in which the outer shell appeared because of sulfonation on the PS. The DS value and the SPS particle size significantly influenced the shell thickness and thereby the morphology of the SPS particles. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Polycrystalline silicon PV modules performance and degradation over 20 years
Authors: Polverini Davide , Field Michael , Dunlop Ewan , Zaaiman Willem
Published: April 2012

The presented paper reports the results of the experimental work performed at the European Solar Test Installation, using an array of 70 polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules by the same manufacturer. After almost 20 years of continuous outdoor exposure, the modules were subjected to a comprehensive indoor test plan; in particular, electrical performance measurements were performed, together with a detailed visual analysis. It was also possible to perform a comparison between final and initial data (in particular IV characteristics): module average performance decay is 4.42% for the whole period. Degradation mechanisms, together with their effect on module lifetime, were also analyzed. Results of such a measurement exercise clearly show how PV device reliability over decades can guarantee safe investments, for the benefit of all PV users and stakeholders. The authors are currently installing the modules for further 20 years of outdoor exposure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospects for the biological control of Tuta absoluta in tomatoes of the Mediterranean basin
Authors: Urbaneja Alberto , González‐Cabrera Joel , Arnó Judit , Gabarra Rosa
Published: April 2012

Since its detection in the Mediterranean basin at the end of 2006 and later in other European countries, the South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), has become a serious threat to tomato crops. In newly infested areas, it is especially problematic during the first years of its presence. Nevertheless, after 2–3 years, the incidence of T. absoluta has become less severe in certain areas. There are several factors contributing to this decline, such as the increase in growers' knowledge of pest behaviour and biology and the correct application of integrated pest control strategies. The impact of opportunistic native natural enemies (fortuitous biological control) should be considered as one of the key factors in this decline. In this review, available information on indigenous natural enemies is updated, and the current pest management approaches used against T. absoluta are addressed. Finally, future scenarios for biological control of this pest are discussed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
E
11, Borcherds algebras and maximal supergravity
Authors: Henneaux Marc , Julia Bernard L. , Levie Jérôme
Published: April 2012

Abstract

The dynamical p-forms of torus reductions of maximal supergravity theory have been shown some time ago to possess remarkable algebraic structures. The set (“dynamical spectrum”) of propagating p-forms has been described as a (truncation of a) real Borcherds superalgebra "Image missing"
D
that is characterized concisely by a Cartan matrix which has been constructed explicitly for each spacetime dimension 11 ≥ D ≥ 3. In the equations of motion, each differential form of degree p is the coefficient of a (super-) group generator, which is itself of degree p for a specific gradation (the "Image missing"-gradation). A slightly milder truncation of the Borcherds superalgebra enables one to predict also the “spectrum” of the non-dynamical (D − 1) and D-forms. The maximal supergravity p-form spectra were reanalyzed more recently by truncation of the field spectrum of E
11 to the p-forms that are relevant after reduction from 11 to D dimensions. We show in this paper how the Borcherds description can be systematically derived from the split (“maximally non compact”) real form of E
11 for D ≥ 1. This explains not only why both structures lead to the same propagating p-forms and their duals for p ≤ (D − 2), but also why one obtains the same (D−1)-forms and “top” D-forms. The Borcherds symmetries "Image missing"2 and "Image missing"1 are new too. We also introduce and use the concept of a presentation of a Lie algebra that is covariant under a given subalgebra.
Seprafilm® adhesion barrier: (1) a review of preclinical, animal, and human investigational studies
Authors: Diamond Michael P. , Burns Ellen L. , Accomando Beverly , Mian Sadiqa , Holmdahl Lena
Published: April 2012

The aim of this study was to provide a single site resource for investigators, clinicians, and others seeking preclinical, animal, and human investigational studies concerning the postsurgical, anti-adhesion barrier Seprafilm™ (Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA). All published preclinical, animal, human extra-abdominal research as of July 2011 have been summarized and included in this document. Searches of Medline and EMBASE Drugs and Pharmaceuticals databases were conducted for original preclinical, animal, and human extra-abdominal studies involving Seprafilm. Preclinical, animal, and extra-abdominal human investigational studies are the study selection for this manuscript. Intraabdominal use is discussed in the accompanying manuscript. Data extraction includes systematic manuscript review. Summary of preclinical, animal, and extra-abdominal human investigational use of Seprafilm by surgical discipline were gathered for data synthesis. The clinical use of Seprafilm, which was approved by the FDA for intra-abdominal procedures, is supported by preclinical and animal studies relating to general surgical and obstetrical/gynecological applications. Findings from preclinical, animal, and human investigational studies at other sites throughout the body raises the potential for additional human clinical trials to assess efficacy and safety following surgical procedures at non-abdominal locations.
Degradation of Phytosterols During Near‐Ambient Drying of Rapeseeds in a Thick Immobile Layer
Authors: Gawrysiak‐Witulska Marzena , Rudzińska Magdalena
Published: April 2012

The effect of the drying method applied and subsequent rapeseed storage on changes in phytosterols was determined. After harvest, rapeseeds were dried by the near‐ambient method in a thick immobile layer of 2 m and using air heated to a temperature of 60, 80 and 100 °C. Analyses of phytosterol contents were performed immediately after drying and after 6 and 12 months of storage at a temperature of 10 ± 2 °C. Results showed a significant effect of drying conditions, cultivar‐specific differences and storage time on the contents of phytosterols. Near‐ambient drying of seeds resulted in a reduction in total sterol contents by 6–20 %, while for drying with hot air it was by 14–40 %. The level of sterols decreased by 13–18 % after a 1 year storage of seeds dried by the near‐ambient methods. A reduction in 12–22 % in sterols for seeds dried by high temperature occurred after 1 year of storage.
CRSBP‐1/LYVE‐1 ligands stimulate contraction of the CRSBP‐1‐associated ER network in lymphatic endothelial cells
Authors: Hou Wei-Hsien , Liua I-Hua , Huang Shuan Shian , Huang Jung San
Published: April 2012

CRSBP‐l/LYVE‐1 ligands (PDGF‐BB, VEGF‐A165 and hyaluronic acid) have been shown to induce opening of lymphatic intercellular junctions in vitro and in vivo by stimulating contraction of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). The mechanism by which CRSBP‐1 ligands stimulate contraction of LECs is not understood. Here we demonstrate that CRSBP‐1 is localized to the plasma membrane as well as intracellular fibrillar structures in LECs, including primary human dermal LECs and SVEC4‐10 cells. CRSBP‐1‐associated fibrillar structures are identical to the ER network as evidenced by the co‐localization of CRSBP‐1 and BiP in these cells. CRSBP‐1 ligands stimulate contraction of the ER network in a CRSBP‐1‐dependent and paclitaxel (a microtubule‐stabilizing agent)‐sensitive manner. These results suggest that ligand‐stimulated ER contraction is associated with ligand‐stimulated contraction in LECs.