bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obstructive uropathy associated with primary ureteral endometrioma: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Feifer Andrew , Alam El-Din Mona , Omeroglu Atilla , Anidjar Maurice
Published: December 2016

We report the case of a 56-year-old postmenopausal woman whopresented with incidental left hydronephrosis during an investigationfor a gastrointestinal complaint. The patient denied any historyof flank pain or hematuria. Contrast-enhanced computedtomography revealed severe right-sided ureterohydronephrosis aswell as renal atrophy. The contralateral kidney was normal, as wasthe patient’s overall renal function. A retrograde ureterogramdemonstrated complete ureteral obstruction 4 cm proximal to theureterovesical junction. Subsequent ureteroscopy revealed a polypoidmass completely occupying the ureteral lumen, of which thebiopsies demonstrated inconclusive atypical urothelial changes.The patient underwent a laparoscopic nephrectomy with opendissection of the distal ureter. The patient recovered well postoperatively.Final pathology revealed a benign obstructingendometrioma without evidence of invasion from periureteraltissue. This appears to be the first reported case of asymptomaticprimary ureteral endometrioma with secondary renal atrophy.Earlier investigation and treatment may have allowed for renalpreservation earlier in the course of the disease.Nous décrivons le cas d’une femme ménopausée de 56 ans présentantune hydronéphrose gauche découverte de façon fortuite aucours d’un examen mené pour donner suite à des symptômes gastro-intestinaux. La patiente n’avait pas d’antécédents de douleurau flanc ou d’hématurie. Une TDM avec agent de contraste arévélé une urétéro-hydronéphrose droite importante accompagnéed’une atrophie rénale. Le rein controlatéral et la fonction rénaleglobale de la patiente ne présentaient aucune anomalie. Uneurétérographie par voie rétrograde a permis d’observer une obstructioncomplète de l’uretère proximale à 4 cm de la jonction urétérovésicale.Une urétéroscopie subséquente a révélé une masse polypoïdeoccupant la totalité de la lumière urétérale et des analysesaprès biopsie ont montré des changements atypiques non concluantsau niveau de l’épithélium urinaire. La patiente a subi unenéphrectomie par laparoscopie avec dissection ouverte de l’uretèredistale. La patiente s’est bien rétablie après l’intervention. Lerapport final de pathologie a révélé un endométriome obstructifbénin sans signe d’invasion des tissus péri-urétéraux. Il sembleque ce soit ici le premier cas signalé d’endométriome urétéralprimitif asymptomatique avec atrophie rénale secondaire. Un examenet un traitement réalisés plus tôt dans le cours de l’évolutionde la maladie auraient pu permettre la préservation du rein.
The burden of prostate cancer in Canada
Authors: Fradet Yves , Klotz Laurence , Trachtenberg John , Zlotta Alexandre
Published: December 2016

The clinical and economic burden of prostate cancer in Canada is substantial,and is rising. Studies indicate that 1 in 7 men will develop prostate cancer duringtheir lifetime, and another 1 in 27 will die because of it. It is estimated that4300 Canadian men will die of prostate cancer in 2008. Age, family history, raceand diet are all risks associated with the development of prostate cancer. A diagnosisof cancer carries a significant burden and like other cancers is a cause ofsignificant anxiety and depression. Uncertainty regarding the value of screeningfor prostate cancer has been, and continues to be, a challenge for primarycare physicians and urologists.
Establishing milestones in urology training: A survey of the Canadian
Authors: Nayan Madhur , Houle Anne-Marie , McDougall Elspeth , Fried Gerald M. , Andonian Sero
Published: December 2016

Background: At the current time, technical skills are not directlyevaluated by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons ofCanada (RCPSC) as part of the certification process in urology.Rather, the RCPSC relies on the evaluation of Program Directorsto ensure that trainees have acquired the necessary surgical skills.Methods: An electronic survey was sent out to the members of the Canadian Academy of Urological Surgeons (CAUS), including the 13 Canadian urology program directors, to assess the teaching and evaluation of technical skills of urology trainees.Results: The response rate was 37% (33/89), including 8 of the 13 (62%) Program Directors from across Canada. For the teaching of technical skills, most programs had access to live animal laboratories (69%), dedicated teaching time in simulation (59%) and physical training models (59%). Most relied on voluntary faculty. There was a wide variety of structured evaluations for technical skills used across programs, while 36% of respondents did not use structured evaluations. For trainees with deficiencies in technical skills, 67% of programs offered extra operative time with designated faculty, 26% offered additional simulation focused on the deficiency and 19% offered faculty tutorial sessions.Conclusion: Among Canadian urology residency programs, there is considerable variability in the assessment of technical skills of trainees. Standardized objective assessment tools would help ensure that all trainees have acquired adequate surgical proficiency to operate independently.
Laparoscopic management of a large staghorn stone
Authors: Richard Patrick , Bettez Mathieu , Martel Arold , Ponsot Yves , Sabbagh Robert
Published: December 2016

Urinary calculi are prevalent and result in significant morbidity,with a marked economic impact. Various therapeutic optionsexist, from medical to surgical management according to stonesize. Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy is a viable option for significantstaghorn renal stones. We report the case of a laparoscopicpyelolithotomy performed on a 48-year-old man with a left recurrent staghorn renal stone secondary to an ureteropelvic junction obstruction following a grade IV renal trauma several years ago.
Radiation treatment of bladder squamous cell carcinoma in a patient
Authors: D’Souza Neil , Morton Gerard , Chung Hans T.
Published: December 2016

Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in Canada. Whilemost patients present with transitional cell carcinoma, few presentwith squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Risk factors for SCC includea history of chronic urinary tract infection, urothelial inflammationand indwelling catheters. We present the management of a patientwith locally advanced SCC of the bladder.
Névralgies pudendales : À propos de trois cas
Authors: Ziouziou Imad , Rhannam Yassine , Yacoubi Souhail , Karmouni Tarik , El Khader Khalid , Koutani Abdellatif , Andaloussi Ahmed Ibn Attiya , Nouri Anass , Barre Philippe , Nouri Mohamed
Published: December 2016

Les névralgies pudendales, ou syndrome du canal d’Alcock, sont des douleurs périnéales déclenchées par la position assise et dont le diagnostic est clinique. La positivité des blocs anesthésiques confirme ce diagnostic. Cependant, les conduites thérapeutiques restent parfois subjectives. Par l’analyse de trois cas cliniques de patients suivis en consultation d’algologie, nous essayons de distinguer entre les patients qui nécessitent un traitement chirurgical d’emblée, et ceux qui peuvent être mis sous traitement médicamenteux exclusif. Nous découvrons également la valeur du facteur temps dans la prise en charge de cette maladie invalidante.
An approach for the use of agricultural by-products through a biorefinery in Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan M. Sarwar , Uddin M. Nashir , Akhtaruzzaman A.F.M.
Published: December 2016

The global need for developing renewable, sustainable, biomaterials, biochemicals and biofuels continues to grow along with increasing worldwide desire to reduce fossil-fuel emissions. An appealing source for bio-based products is lignocellulosic resources, which are abundant, low cost, and are often a by-product of food production (mainly rice). This paper gives an approach for bio-based product development in Bangladesh by analyzing i) a comprehensive inventory of agricultural and lignocellulosic wastes, ii) the characteristics of these wastes, and iii) suitable methods for producing bio-based products. It is proposed that a cooperative society be set up amongst the rice producing farmers and communities. Entrepreneurs would collaborate with this cooperative society to implement the approach, and biorefinery plants could be established in different parts of the country based on the amount of available agricultural wastes in specific areas. As forest area is very limited and population density is very high in Bangladesh, wood resources cannot be utilized in biofuel, biochemicals and biomaterials production in the country, making agricultural by-products the only real option available.
The Delphi method as an alternative to standard committee meetings to identify ecological issues for forest ecosystem-based management: A case study
Authors: Waldron K. , Lussier J.-M , Thiffault N. , Bujold F. , Ruel J.-C. , St-Onge B.
Published: December 2016

The face-to-face committee meeting is one of the most common expert consultation methods used in forest management. However, it is also laden with disadvantages, such as potential inequity in its consideration of participant opinion and the time involvement required. This led us to evaluate another expert consultation method, the Delphi method, namely by implementing it to identify ecological issues associated with second-growth boreal forests in eastern Canada. We compared this method to the committee meeting method with regard to the time investment required and the efficiency of the consultations. In all, 21 experts participated in three rounds of our implementation of the Delphi method. Subsequently, we administered an appreciation survey comparing the participants’ attitudes vis-à-vis the two methods. These comparisons showed that Delphi was less time-consuming compared to a committee meeting consultation of comparable scope. Participants also considered the Delphi method to be fair and impartial, as all opinions were considered, which is frequently not the case in committee meetings. That said, participants believed that committee meetings allowed for a greater understanding of others’ opinions. Overall, the application of the Delphi method was shown to be a promising way of determining forest ecosystem management issues.
Into the woods: Partnering with the Department of Corrections to deliver forestry extension programming
Authors: Gordon Jason S. , Cagle Scott , Kushla John D. , Huffman Brand
Published: December 2016

This paper describes a pilot series of extension programs delivered to inmates within the Mississippi Department of Corrections system. The project was a collaboration between the Chickasaw County Regional Correctional Facility, state Extension forestry specialists, and county Extension staff. A large body of research describes benefits of inmate education, including lower recidivism and reducing tension that could otherwise lead to behavioral problems. Over four months, Mississippi State University Extension personnel worked with prison officials to educate inmates about forestry, logging, and arboriculture. This paper describes the collaborative process driving the project as well as program design, curriculum, materials, and delivery. Besides technical information, instructors discussed opportunities and challenges inmates may encounter if they were to pursue employment in forestry or tree care following their sentences. Instructors worked closely with prison staff to appropriately address teaching in a unique environment and the educational needs of the students. We present the student evaluation process, which was limited by prison rules. Finally, we present results from an evaluation of partners and instructors that elaborate on pitfalls, challenges, and opportunities. The Department of Corrections was highly satisfied with the program and has requested expansion to facilities across the state.
Modelagem do Conhecimento Algébrico dos Estudantes com Redes Bayesianas Dinâmicas
Authors: Seffrin Henrique M. , Jaques Patrícia Augustin
Published: December 2016

Para que os Sistemas Tutores Inteligentes possam fornecer assistência e instrução personalizada ao aprendiz, eles precisam inferir o seu conhecimento. Redes Bayesianas são comumente empregadas para modelar a probabilidade do aluno saber um determinado tópico (unidade) de conhecimento, uma vez que as mesmas são capazes de lidar com incertezas. Este trabalho apresenta uma modelagem de Rede Bayesiana Dinâmica para a avaliação do conhecimento algébrico do estudante em Sistemas Tutores Inteligentes. O principal diferencial do trabalho proposto é a sua capacidade de avaliar tanto o conhecimento conceitual (declarativo), quanto procedural do estudante, utilizando um modelo de inferência que é independente de problemas (equações). Nesse artigo, são descritas as etapas de levantamento de informações para obtenção das probabilidades desta rede, bem como as etapas das avaliações conduzidas. Os resultados da avaliação mostraram similaridades estatisticamente significativas entre a inferência da rede e os percentuais de acerto por parte dos estudantes, evidenciando que o modelo proposto infere corretamente o conhecimento do estudante.
Catalogue of Danish Alysiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with the description of two new species of Aspilota Foerster, 1863
Authors: Peris-Felipo Francisco Javier , Belokobylskij Sergey A. , Vilhelmsen Lars , Munk Thorkild
Published: December 2016

In the present study, a total of 153 species of Alysiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Denmark are catalogued. Two species are described as new for science: Aspilota leptoarticulata Munk & Peris-Felipo sp. nov. and A. grandis Munk & Peris-Felipo sp. nov. Additionally, 38 alysiine species are recorded for the first time for the Danish fauna. A faunistic list with distribution data and host records is provided.
Pottery and Politics: Contextualizing the Classic to Postclassic Transition in Champotón, Campeche
Authors: Ek Jerald D.
Published: December 2016

The past decades have witnessed major advancements in our understanding of Classic Maya political history, particularly geopolitical dynamics centered on hegemonic states. Yet there has been only halting progress toward historically based archaeological research focusing on the political, social, and economic impacts of political domination and subordination. To address this deficiency, I examine changes in settlement patterns and ceramic sphere affiliation in the Río Champotón drainage within broader historical and geopolitical developments. In this region, the end of the Classic period is characterized by dramatic changes in ceramic links, with a shift from inland-focused traditions to the incorporation within a coastal ceramic sphere—the Canbalam sphere—that linked maritime trade centers between northwest Yucatán and coastal Tabasco. These transitions were embedded within major reorientations in regional settlement patterns and broader geopolitical dynamics centering on the expansion and dissolution of the Kanu’l state, or Snake Dynasty. Following the decline of the Snake Dynasty of Calakmul, communities in central Campeche forged new political and economic ties with emergent centers along the Gulf Coast and the northern Maya Lowlands. The results of this study demonstrate the transformative nature of hegemonic interpolity relationships and highlight the potential for new avenues of conjunctive research combining historical and archaeological data sources.
Dans les « Archives » de l’Archeologie. Relire Les Mots et les choses aujourd’hui
Authors: Sabot Philippe
Published: December 2016

Cet article se propose d’interroger le projet archéologique de Foucault non pas seulement d’après ses propres principes théoriques et du point de vue d’une analyse interne de son développement mais aussi d’après sa genèse philosophique et conceptuelle, telle que les archives désormais disponibles à la Bibliothèque nationale de France permettent de la reconstituer. Cette reconstitution permet en particulier de mettre en lumière les incertitudes, voire les ambiguïtés qui sont attachées à la notion d’archéologie — une notion qui reste fortement marquée par l’influence de la phénoménologie) au moment même où Foucault rédige Les Mots et les choses.
La ética desde “Las palabras y las cosas”
Authors: Davila Jorge
Published: December 2016

En este ensayo se propone una comprensión de la visión que construyó Foucault sobre la reflexión filosófica en torno a la ética. Se destaca la importancia del libro “Las palabras y las cosas” en esa construcción. Más concretamente se propone que hay una continuidad en los trabajos finales de la investigación sobre la filosofía antigua con los problemas planteados de acuerdo con la investigación arqueológica del libro de 1966. Esa continuidad se analiza en la dimensión de la genealogía del humanismo, base de una concepción de la condición humana como errancia, y de los desarrollos en relación con el ejercicio de un discurso verdadero como ética de la palabra.
Discurso filosófico e etnologia. A arqueologia após Les mots et les choses
Authors: Paltrinieri Luca
Published: December 2016

Cet article explore la conception foucaldienne de l'archéologie à la sortie de Les mots et les choses, avant la publication de l'Archéologie du savoir. Il retrace les sources de cette conception chez Kant, Gueroult et Husserl, mais à chaque fois avec des écarts significatifs qui poussent Foucault à concevoir l'archéologie comme une “enquête horizontale” sur notre présent. Apparaît alors la proximité avec l'ethnologie, discipline scientifique que Foucault aborde surtout dans Les mots et les choses et dans Le discours philosophique, un texte inédit où Foucault applique la méthodologie du livre de 1966 à l'histoire de la philosophie.
Classificação em saúde mental e biopolítica
Authors: Portocarrero Vera
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é destacar brevemente conceitos que, elaborados por Michel Foucault em As Palavras e as coisas e História da sexualidade I: a vontade de saber, contribuem para uma melhor compreensão da questão das classificações em saúde mental, em nossa contemporaneidade, permitindo aprofundar a problematização da loucura e da saúde mental. Trata-se de enfocar algumas teorias e práticas, que lhe são imanentes, estendidas às concepções de anormalidade e de transtorno mental, pensadas no escopo da normalização da vida dos indivíduos e da regulação das populações. Nossa hipótese confirmada é a de que a obra de Foucault fornece importantes ferramentas para o tema em pauta, na medida em que sua história do pensamento fornece um instrumental conceitual e metodológico original para as análises críticas nesse campo, por meio de suas pesquisas sobre as experiências da loucura, da criminalidade e da sexualidade.
Inútil resistir ao dispositivo da sexualidade? Foucault e Butler sobre corpos e prazeres
Authors: Duarte André , De Assis César Maria Rita
Published: December 2016

O texto discute o apelo de Foucault aos corpos e prazeres como instância de resistência aos efeitos do dispositivo da sexualidade. Primeiro, abordamos a descoberta foucaultiana do dispositivo da sexualidade. Depois, discutimos a análise de Judith Butler sobre o modo como Foucault retratou o caso de Herculine Barbin, tomando-o como estratégico para a sua própria crítica à concepção foucaultiana da resistência. Para Butler, ao recorrer aos corpos e aos prazeres Foucault entraria em contradição com sua própria análise genealógica, pois sua sugestão implicaria assumir a potência vital do corpo e do prazer como sendo anterior ou alheia ao dispositivo de poder-saber que produziu os sujeitos da sexualidade. No terceiro momento discorreremos criticamente sobre a análise proposta por Butler e argumentaremos que Foucault não tomou o caso de Herculine Barbin como modelo de resistência válido para nós, pois o entendeu como relativo ao dispositivo do poder pastoral. Finalmente, afirmamos que ao dissociar as práticas sexuais, os corpos e os prazeres do império do “sexo-desejo”, Foucault enfatizou o exercício de condutas sexuais como campo de experiências voltadas à transformação de si e dos outros, por meio da ampliação das relações entre os sujeitos.
THE USE OF CRUDE PALM OIL IN FINISHING PIGS’ DIET: EFFECTS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY
Authors: TARTRAKOON Wandee , KHANCHIT Parichat , PHOMSAK Nipont , THONGDEE Sonram
Published: December 2016

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of including crude palm oil (CPO)in the diet of finishing pigs in terms of growth performance and nutrientdigestibility. In the first experiment, 40 barrows and 40 gilts(Duroc×LargeWhite×Landrace) were divided into five groups using a randomizedcomplete block design. CPO, soybean oil (SBO) and poultry fat (PF) were mixedand divided into CPOmix11 (CPO 50% + PF 50%), CPOmix13 (CPO 50% + SBO50%), CPOmix21 (CPO 75% + PF 25%) and CPOmix23 (CPO 83% + PF 17%).Each group of pigs was randomly fed two diets at 50-80 and 80-100 kgBW. Group1 comprised the pigs fed diet10 (without oil inclusion) and diet20 (without oilinclusion). Group 2 comprised the pigs fed diet11 (1% CPOmix11) and diet21 (1%CPOmix21). Group 3 comprised the pigs fed diet13 (3% CPOmix13) and diet23(3% CPOmix23). Group 4 comprised the pigs fed diet10 and diet 21. Group 5comprised the pigs fed diet10 and diet23. The results showed that the pigs feddiet23 (Group 5) at 80-100 kgBW tended to have the greatest performance andlowest feed cost. In the second experiment, nutrient digestibility was examined insix barrows (initial 50 kgBW) using a 3×3 double Latin square design. Each set oftwo pigs was randomly fed diet10, diet11 or diet13. The highest (P<0.01)digestibility of dry matter, protein, crude fiber and ash and the greatest (P<0.01)digestible energy and metabolizable energy were found in diet13. The inclusion of3% CPOmix23 in the diet at80-100 kgBW might improve finishing pigperformance, and the 3% of CPOmix13 in the diet improved nutrient digestibility.
FARMERS’ SHARE OF MONEY SPENT ON FOOD IN AUSTRIA
Authors: QUENDLER Erika , SINABELL Franz
Published: December 2016

There has been renewed interest in the farmer’s share of retail food sales recently,in the wake of sharp fluctuations in farm-gate or retail prices. Statistics on farmers’shares were already being developed decades ago and recent updates are a responseto these fluctuations. We define the farm share as the average portion from eachmonetary unit spent on food by consumers that is received by farmers for theiragricultural commodities. The same calculation gives the marketing margin, whichis the remainder. Calculations show that the farmer's share from retail food saleshas been on the decline for more than 60 years. Therefore, the gap betweenfarmers’ share and marketing margin is widening. This paper presents (i) thedevelopment of the farmers’ share for Austria mainly for the period 1995 to 2013and, where data is available, from 1971 onwards and(ii) compares the results withthe developments in Germany and the United States as well as Switzerland. ForAustria, two calculation methods are shown: the Agristat method (developed inSwitzerland) and the method of the Austrian Institute of Economic Research(WIFO). Both calculations are based on official statistical data (EconomicAccounts for Agriculture, National Accounts and trade data) but use differentapproaches. This paper uses the findings of these calculations to hypothesize onnecessary areas for future research.
HIGH DENSITIES OF CERVIDAE EFFECT TO FOREST REGENERATION IN MIXED BROADLEAF FOREST IN SOUTH PART OF LITHUANIA
Authors: SABALINKIENE Gintare , SIMKEVICIUS Kastytis , PETELIS Kestutis , STANKEVICIUTE Jolanta , TALIJUNAS Dovydas
Published: December 2016

The abundance of Cervidae species is increasing in Lithuania as well as in thewhole Baltic region. High densities of forest ruminants: Moose (Alces alces), Reddeer (Cervus elaphus), Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), Fallow deer (Dama dama)and European bison (Bison bonasus) cause a significant damage both to naturalforest regeneration and afforestation. Strong negative impact on forest regenerationlead to increased costs of forest regeneration, formation and maintenance. Thus, thebalance among intensive silviculture and big game management must be found forsustainable use of environment recourses. In our study, we observed the influenceof cervids density increment to natural forest regeneration in mixed broadleafforest, which is located near the Zuvintas strict reserve, and in landscape point ofview connected with other forest arrays by natural migration corridors. We foundthat natural regenerated forest understory is hardly damaged as well as culturalforest plantations. Thus, hunting pressure in our research area is obviously too lowand the current abundance of wild ruminants will not allow the economicallyeffective intensive silviculture. After investigation we found a steady Cervidaeabundance, not exceeding the highest optimal densities. Cervid winter pasturequality is relatively good – economically and browsing very intensively did noteffect ecologically important tree species regeneration in forest understory.However, damage degree to forest regeneration in our observed stands was veryhigh. Natural as well as artificial forest regeneration is rather difficult, thus cerviddensities should be reduced of expensive protection tools should be implemented inforest regeneration stands.
DETERMINING THE NEED OF ALFALFA FOR WATER IN THE CONDITIONS OF SARAJEVO AREA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Authors: JAKIŠIĆ Tanja , BERJAN Siniša
Published: December 2016

Alfalfa has a great need for water, because it creates a huge plant mass. For this reason,yield level, similar to the other species with large green mass, primarily depends onprovided water during the growing season. Alfalfa uses water well from the prevegetationreserve in land, especially of rainfall during the growing season. In thispaper, the need for water in alfalfa for average, the most rainy and dry hydrologicalyear in the conditions of Sarajevo area was established. Evapotranspiration of alfalfa is567 mm for the most dry, 569 mm for the most rainy and 540 mm for averagehydrological year. Water deficit occurs in May, June, July and August in the amount of323.9 mm for the most dry, 178.4 mm for the most rainy and 222.1 mm for averagehydrological year. In the study area, alluvial soil is predominant (fluvisol), which is ofa light mechanical composition (sandy loam) and favorable chemical characteristics foralfalfa growing.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY FOR ORGANIC FARMS ECONOMICS IN POLAND
Authors: WRZASZCZ Wioletta , ZEGAR Józef St.
Published: December 2016

Accession of Poland to the European Union (EU) has been connected with anumber of benefits, but at the same time, the obligations have been imposed on theagricultural producers. Farmers are active economic units, that operate on thecommon european market, as well as they are beneficiaries of governmentalsupport. Governmental programmes allowed to take part in measures directed toagricultural farms development. Farmers have been obliged to comply withEuropean law and implementation of the desired production standards.Bothregulations and governmental programs have determined the direction ofagricultural holdings development. Especially in the last decade, organic farmsmake demanded and fast-growing form of environmental friendly agriculture.Organic methods use of agricultural production in accordance with soil, plants andanimals requirements, taking care of the other environmental components. Organicfarms fit in with the concept of sustainable development. According to this, organicproduction should at least not affect the ecosystems` sustainability and meet theeconomic purposes. The purpose of the article is evaluation of organic farmseconomics in Poland, taking into consideration influence of the CommonAgricultural Policy (CAP). There were analysed production and economiccondition of organic farms in comparison to all Farm Accountancy Data Network(FADN) farms. The research were conducted on the basis of indicator analysis,considering calculation reflected cost, production, economics and subsidiesconnected with the Common Agricultural Policy directed to farms. The analysiswas based on FADN 2004 and 2013.
RNase H enables efficient repair of R-loop induced DNA damage
Authors: Amon Jeremy D , Koshland Douglas
Published: December 2016

R-loops, three-stranded structures that form when transcripts hybridize to chromosomal DNA, are potent agents of genome instability. This instability has been explained by the ability of R-loops to induce DNA damage. Here, we show that persistent R-loops also compromise DNA repair. Depleting endogenous RNase H activity impairs R-loop removal in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, causing DNA damage that occurs preferentially in the repetitive ribosomal DNA locus (rDNA). We analyzed the repair kinetics of this damage and identified mutants that modulate repair. We present a model that the persistence of R-loops at sites of DNA damage induces repair by break-induced replication (BIR). This R-loop induced BIR is particularly susceptible to the formation of lethal repair intermediates at the rDNA because of a barrier imposed by RNA polymerase I.
Akt1-Inhibitor of DNA binding2 is essential for growth cone formation and axon growth and promotes central nervous system axon regeneration
Authors: Ko Hyo Rim , Kwon Il-Sun , Hwang Inwoo , Jin Eun-Ju , Shin Joo-Ho , Brennan-Minnella Angela M , Swanson Raymond , Cho Sung-Woo , Lee Kyung-Hoon , Ahn Jee-Yin
Published: December 2016

Mechanistic studies of axon growth during development are beneficial to the search for neuron-intrinsic regulators of axon regeneration. Here, we discovered that, in the developing neuron from rat, Akt signaling regulates axon growth and growth cone formation through phosphorylation of serine 14 (S14) on Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2). This enhances Id2 protein stability by means of escape from proteasomal degradation, and steers its localization to the growth cone, where Id2 interacts with radixin that is critical for growth cone formation. Knockdown of Id2, or abrogation of Id2 phosphorylation at S14, greatly impairs axon growth and the architecture of growth cone. Intriguingly, reinstatement of Akt/Id2 signaling after injury in mouse hippocampal slices redeemed growth promoting ability, leading to obvious axon regeneration. Our results suggest that Akt/Id2 signaling is a key module for growth cone formation and axon growth, and its augmentation plays a potential role in CNS axonal regeneration.
Synthesis of Steered Flat-top Beam Pattern Using Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Mandal D. , Kola K. S. , Tewary J. , Roy V. P. , Bhattacharjee A. K.
Published: December 2016

In this paper a pattern synthesis method based on Evolutionary Algorithm is presented. A Flat-top beam pattern has been generated from a concentric ring array of isotropic elements by finding out the optimum set of elements amplitudes and phases using Differential Evolution algorithm. The said pattern is generated in three predefined azimuth planes instate of a single phi plane and also verified for a range of azimuth plane for the same optimum excitations. The main beam is steered to an elevation angle of 30 degree with lower peak SLL and ripple. Dynamic range ratio (DRR) is also being improved by eliminating the weakly excited array elements, which simplify the design complexity of feed networks.
Wave Propagation Solution for Transverse Electric Mode in a Graded Interface between Left-Handed and Right-Handed Material
Authors: Pratiwi B. N. , Suparmi A. , Cari C.
Published: December 2016

Wave propagation for transverse electric (TE) mode in a graded interface between left-handed and right-handed material has been investigated by using asymptotic iteration method. By using hyperbolic functions for negative permittivity and negative permeability, we obtained the graded graphs of permittivity and permeability as a function of material thickness. Maxwell equation for the dielectric with the hyperbolic function in permittivity and permeability has been reduced to second orde differential equation. The second orde differential equation has been solved by using asymptotic iteration method with the eigen functions in complementary error functions. The eigen functions explained about the wave propagation in a graded interface of material. The distribution of the electric field and the wave vector were given in approximate solution.
Determination of sprite streamers altitude based on N2 spectroscopic analysis
Authors: Ihaddadene Mohand A. , Celestin Sebastien
Published: December 2016

Future space missions (e.g., ASIM and TARANIS) are soon to be launched to observe transient luminous events (TLEs) from a nadir‐viewing geometry. The mission GLIMS already performed observations of TLEs from a nadir‐viewing geometry on board the International Space Station. Although this observation geometry is of first interest to study TLEs, it makes the determination of some quantities, such as streamer altitudes, very difficult. In this study, we propose a method to estimate the altitude of downward propagating sprite streamers using a spectrophotometric approach. Using a plasma fluid model, we simulate sprite streamers at different altitudes and quantify their optical emissions in the Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) (∼100–260 nm), the first positive (1PN2) (∼650–1070 nm), and the second positive (2PN2) (∼330–450 nm) bands systems of molecular nitrogen and the first negative (
) (∼390–430 nm) bands systems of
. The estimation of associated ratios allows to trace back the electric field in the streamer head as well as the altitude at which the streamer is propagating owing to different dependencies of quenching processes on the air density. The method takes into account the nonsteady state of the populations of some excited species and the exponential expansion of the streamer. The reported results could potentially be used for all TLEs but is of special interest in the case of column sprites or at the early stage of carrot sprites.
Estimating ETAS: The effects of truncation, missing data, and model assumptions
Authors: Seif Stefanie , Mignan Arnaud , Zechar Jeremy Douglas , Werner Maximilian Jonas , Wiemer Stefan
Published: December 2016

The Epidemic‐Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model is widely used to describe the occurrence of earthquakes in space and time, but there has been little discussion dedicated to the limits of, and influences on, its estimation. Among the possible influences we emphasize in this article the effect of the cutoff magnitude,Mcut, above which parameters are estimated; the finite length of earthquake catalogs; and missing data (e.g., during lively aftershock sequences). We analyze catalogs from Southern California and Italy and find that some parameters vary as a function ofMcutdue to changing sample size (which affects, e.g., Omori'scconstant) or an intrinsic dependence onMcut(asMcutincreases, absolute productivity and background rate decrease). We also explore the influence of another form of truncation—the finite catalog length—that can bias estimators of the branching ratio. Being also a function of Omori'spvalue, the true branching ratio is underestimated by 45% to 5% for 1.05 < p < 1.2. Finite sample size affects the variation of the branching ratio estimates. Moreover, we investigate the effect of missing aftershocks and find that the ETAS productivity parameters (αandK0) and the Omori'scandpvalues are significantly changed forMcut < 3.5. We further find that conventional estimation errors for these parameters, inferred from simulations that do not account for aftershock incompleteness, are underestimated by, on average, a factor of 8.
Seismic swarms and diffuse fracturing within Triassic evaporites fed by deep degassing along the low‐angle Alto Tiberina normal fault (central Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Piana Agostinetti Nicola , Giacomuzzi Genny , Chiarabba Claudio
Published: December 2016

We present high‐resolution elastic models and relocated seismicity of a very active segment of the Apennines normal faulting system, computed via transdimensional local earthquake tomography (trans‐D LET). Trans‐D LET, a fully nonlinear approach to seismic tomography, robustly constrains high‐velocity anomalies and inversions of P wave velocity, i.e., decreases of VP with depth, without introducing bias due to, e.g., a starting model, and giving the possibility to investigate the relation between fault structure, seismicity, and fluids. Changes in seismicity rate and recurring seismic swarms are frequent in the Apennines extensional belt. Deep fluids, upwelling from the delaminating continental lithosphere, are thought to be responsible for seismicity clustering in the upper crust and lubrication of normal faults during swarms and large earthquakes. We focus on the tectonic role played by the Alto Tiberina low‐angle normal fault (ATF), finding displacements across the fault consistent with long‐term accommodation of deformation. Our results show that recent seismic swarms affecting the area occur within a 3 km thick, high VP/VS, densely cracked, and overpressurized evaporitic layer, composed of dolostones and anhydrites. A persistent low VP, low VP/VS volume, present on top of and along the ATF low‐angle detachment, traces the location of mantle‐derived CO2, the upward flux of which contributes to cracking within the evaporitic layer.
A seismological overview of the induced earthquakes in the Duvernay play near Fox Creek, Alberta
Authors: Schultz Ryan , Wang Ruijia , Gu Yu Jeffrey , Haug Kristine , Atkinson Gail
Published: December 2016

This paper summarizes the current state of understanding regarding the induced seismicity in connection with hydraulic fracturing operations targeting the Duvernay Formation in central Alberta, near the town of Fox Creek. We demonstrate that earthquakes in this region cluster into distinct sequences in time, space, and focal mechanism using (i) cross‐correlation detection methods to delineate transient temporal relationships, (ii) double‐difference relocations to confirm spatial clustering, and (iii) moment tensor solutions to assess fault motion consistency. The spatiotemporal clustering of the earthquake sequences is strongly related to the nearby hydraulic fracturing operations. In addition, we identify a preference for strike‐slip motions on subvertical faults with an approximate 45° P axis orientation, consistent with expectation from the ambient stress field. The hypocentral geometries for two of the largest‐magnitude (M ~4) sequences that are robustly constrained by local array data provide compelling evidence for planar features starting at Duvernay Formation depths and extending into the shallow Precambrian basement. We interpret these lineaments as subvertical faults orientated approximately north‐south, consistent with the regional moment tensor solutions. Finally, we conclude that the sequences were triggered by pore pressure increases in response to hydraulic fracturing stimulations along previously existing faults.
Canopy effects on snow sublimation from a central Arizona Basin
Authors: Svoma Bohumil M.
Published: December 2016

Guided by 30 m terrain and forest cover data, snow sublimation from the Salt River basin in the Southwest U.S. is simulated for years 2008 (wet year) and 2007 (dry year). Downscaled meteorological input correlates well (r~0.80) with independent observations at AmeriFlux sites. Additionally, model correlation and bias with eddy‐covariance vapor flux observations is comparable to previous localized modeling efforts. Upon a 30% reduction in effective leaf area index, canopy sublimation decreases by 1.29 mm (27.0%) and 1.05 mm (23.0%) at the basin scale for the 2008 and 2007 simulations, respectively. Ground sublimation decreases 0.72 mm (4.75%) in 2008 and only 0.17 mm (1.5%) in 2007. Canopy snow‐holding capacity and frequent unloading events at lower elevations limit the variability in canopy sublimation from wet year to dry year at the basin scale. The greater decrease in snowpack sublimation in the wet year is partly due to decreased longwave radiation from the canopy reduction over a more extensive snowpack than the dry year. This decrease overcomes the increased solar radiation and wind speed during winter. A second factor is that a greater extent of the snowpack persisted into spring in 2008 than 2007, and the large increase in shortwave flux upon canopy reduction increases melt rates, reducing duration. Only in heavily forested high elevations (>2900 m above sea level) in 2008 does the snowpack persist long enough into spring to result in increased ground sublimation upon canopy reduction. As forest cover change can occur rapidly, these results are critical from water resource and ecosystem function perspectives.
Winter soil respiration in a humid temperate forest: The roles of moisture, temperature, and snowpack
Authors: Contosta Alexandra R. , Burakowski Elizabeth A. , Varner Ruth K. , Frey Serita D.
Published: December 2016

Winter soil respiration at midlatitudes can comprise a substantial portion of annual ecosystem carbon loss. However, winter soil carbon dynamics in these areas, which are often characterized by shallow snow cover, are poorly understood due to infrequent sampling at the soil surface. Our objectives were to continuously measure winter CO2 flux from soils and the overlying snowpack while also monitoring drivers of winter soil respiration in a humid temperate forest. We show that the relative roles of soil temperature and moisture in driving winter CO2 flux differed within a single soil‐to‐snow profile. Surface soil temperatures had a strong, positive influence on CO2 flux from the snowpack, while soil moisture exerted a negative control on soil CO2 flux within the soil profile. Rapid fluctuations in snow depth throughout the winter likely created the dynamic soil temperature and moisture conditions that drove divergent patterns in soil respiration at different depths. Such dynamic conditions differ from many previous studies of winter soil microclimate and respiration, where soil temperature and moisture are relatively stable until snowmelt. The differential response of soil respiration to temperature and moisture across depths was also a unique finding as previous work has not simultaneously quantified CO2 flux from soils and the snowpack. The complex interplay we observed among snow depth, soil temperature, soil moisture, and CO2 flux suggests that winter soil respiration in areas with shallow seasonal snow cover is more variable than previously understood and may fluctuate considerably in the future given winter climate change.
High terrestrial carbon load via groundwater to a boreal lake dominated by surface water inflow
Authors: Einarsdottir Karolina , Wallin Marcus B. , Sobek Sebastian
Published: December 2016

The input of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC) via direct groundwater seepage to boreal lakes is often assumed to be small in noncarbonaceous areas. However, measurements are rare. We estimated the terrestrial load of DOC, DIC, and methane (CH4) to a small boreal lake for the open water period, on the basis of measured concentrations of carbon species in near‐shore groundwater wells and inlet streams, and measured area‐specific discharge. The subcatchment directly draining into the lake via groundwater seepage contributed 18% to the total water input during the open water season. Compared to stream and lake water, near‐shore groundwater concentrations of DOC were slightly elevated, and groundwater DIC and CH4 concentrations were highly elevated. Consequently, direct groundwater seepage contributed 27% to the total DOC load, 64% to the total DIC load, and 96% to the total CH4 load from the catchment to the lake. Groundwater DIC import corresponded only to 5–8% of lake carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. In incubation experiments, we observed higher photochemical DOC loss rates in stream and groundwater samples (18–55% DOC loss upon 72 h UV‐A exposure) than in lake water (15% DOC loss) and detected significant DOC flocculation in groundwater samples in both light and dark incubations (2–24% DOC loss). We conclude that even in regions where lake hydrology is dominated by surface water inflow via inlet streams, direct groundwater seepage can represent an important carbon source to boreal lakes, and groundwater DOC may be susceptible to in‐lake removal via degradation and flocculation.
Association extraction for vitamin E recovery from deodorizer distillate by in situ formation of deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Qin Lei , Li Jiangsheng , Cheng Hongye , Chen Lifang , Qi Zhiwen , Yuan Weikang
Published: December 2016

An innovative intensified vitamin E (VE) recovery process from the methylated oil deodorizer distillates (MODDs) was proposed, where VE was in situ transferred into a deep eutectic solvent (DES) with an organic salt. To design the process, the chlorine based quaternary ammonium salts were primarily investigated, and [N4,4,4,4]Cl was selected as an association solvent which can efficiently form DES with α‐tocopherol of the representative compound of VE. Based on the determined phase diagram of the DES freezing points, four phase regions were classified, and the effect of the [N4,4,4,4]Cl/tocopherol ratio and temperature on the extraction performance and phase transformation was figured out. Moreover, an intensified association extraction process via in situ forming DES of α‐tocopherol with [N4,4,4,4]Cl was designed and validated by experiments. VE products were finally obtained from both model MODD (purity of 99.63%) and practical MODDs (purity of >79.18%), which verifies the excellent extraction efficiency for the proposed recovery method. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2212–2220, 2017
Multi‐objective optimization superimposed model‐based process design of an enzymatic hydrolysis process
Authors: Zitzewitz Philip , Fieg Georg
Published: December 2016

The concepts of green process engineering and rigorous model‐based approaches have proven to be highly beneficial in process engineering. Although a combination of these two principles thus appears extremely promising, it is not found very commonly in literature. The very high complexity resulting from this combination poses great challenges for the process design and design engineers. Therefore, this work presents an innovative methodology for the model‐based process design with superimposed multi‐objective optimization for an exemplary process. This process for the enzymatic hydrolysis of fatty acid methyl ester combines several aspects of green process engineering and represents an exemplary process with an enzymatic liquid‐liquid‐solid reaction system. The optimization results based on operating and investment costs reveal important insights on the exemplary process and highlight the great advantages of the developed methodology as a profound basis for academic and industrial process design purposes. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1974–1988, 2017
CFD studies coupling hydrodynamics and solid‐liquid mass transfer in slug flow for matter removal from tube walls
Authors: Silva Mónica C. F. , Araújo José D. P. , Campos João B. L. M.
Published: December 2016

Organic matter deposition on internal surfaces constitutes a drawback that impairs the efficiency of several industrial processes. To overcome this problem, sparging a train of bubbles could be useful since its presence strongly increases the wall shear stress. A detailed numerical mass‐transfer study between a finite soluble wall and the liquid around a rising Taylor bubble was performed, simultaneously solving velocity and concentration fields. The bubble passage throws solute backward and is responsible for radial dispersion. There is also an increase in the transfer rate with enhancements between 10 and 20% (depending on liquid average velocity and bubble length) compared to single‐phase flow. Mass‐transfer coefficients along the different hydrodynamic regions around the bubble nose, liquid film, and wake were characterized and their values compared with those from literature. The results suggest a promising potential of bubble train flow to enhance organic matter removal from walls in biological systems. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2420–2439, 2017