bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Locomotion behavior of dairy cows on traditional summer mountain farms in comparison with modern cubicle housing without access to pasture
Authors: Alsaaod Maher , Dürr Salome , Iten Damian , Buescher Wolfgang , Steiner Adrian
Published: March 2022

Pasture based systems enable cattle to express their natural behavior and are thus expected to provide better welfare than the majority of confinement systems. The aim of this study was to objectively measure locomotion activity of healthy dairy cattle kept on mountain pastures (n = 44) compared with cows kept in cubicle housing systems (n = 38). Selected cows were equipped with a validated 3D-accelerometer on one hind limb, and locomotion behavior was recorded for 48 hours. The 1-hour summaries of the variables lying time, walking time, standing bouts, walking bouts and number of strides were summed up to 24-hour summaries, and the means of the stride distance and stride duration were weighted by the variable number of strides. Mountain pasture cows had higher locomotor activity levels in comparison to cubicle cows. Mountain pasture cows spent less time lying down (528.1±109.5 min/day vs. 693.3±73.8 min/day;P<0.0001) and more time walking (75.6±25.9 min/day vs. 38.8±15.8 min/day;P<0.0001) than cubicle cows. Lying bout duration was longer in cubicle than in mountain pasture cows (90.9± 15.2 min/bout vs. 74.2 ± 21.1 min/bout;P= 0.0001), whilst the number of walking bouts was higher in mountain pasture cows than cubicle cows (199.1 ± 49.1 vs. 123.8 ± 43.8 bouts per day;P< 0.001). Likewise, the number of strides was higher in mountain pasture cows than cubicle cows (2040.5 ± 825.3 vs. 916.7 ± 408.6; P < 0.001). Mountain pasture cows had shorter stride duration (P< 0.0001) and shorter strides (P= 0.0002) than cubicle cows (1.8 ± 0.1 s/stride vs 2 ± 0.2 s/stride and 126.3 ± 18.1 vs 142.1 ± 17.8 m/stride, respectively). In summary, cows kept on mountain pasture were more active and spent longer than 12 hours / day standing. Lying markedly less than 12 hours per day seems to represent the normal behavior of pastured cows searching for fresh grass. This does not cause any obvious damage to the locomotor system as claws of cattle are well adapted to long periods of movement on mountain pastures.
Assessing healthcare provider knowledge of human trafficking
Authors: Exeni McAmis Nicole E. , Mirabella Angela C. , McCarthy Elizabeth M. , Cama Cara A. , Fogarasi Miklos C. , Thomas Listy A. , Feinn Richard S. , Rivera-Godreau Ivelisse
Published: March 2022

Background and objectives

Human trafficking is a significant problem in which healthcare workers are in a unique position to intervene. This study sought to determine the self-reported knowledge levels of healthcare providers most likely to come in direct contact with victims of human trafficking.

Methods

An anonymous survey assessing self-reported knowledge of human trafficking was developed and distributed online. Demographic information and questions pertaining to training and knowledge of trafficking in a healthcare setting were asked. The primary outcomes were descriptive statistics and secondary outcomes were comparisons among demographic groups. Qualitative methodology via content analysis was implemented on an open-ended question.

Results

The 6,603 respondents represented all regions of the country. Medical, nursing, and physician assistant students comprised 23% of the sample, while 40% were either physicians, fellows, or residents. Less than half the respondents (42%) have received formal training in human trafficking, while an overwhelming majority (93%) believe they would benefit by such training. Overall, respondents thought their level of knowledge of trafficking was average to below average (mean = 2.64 on a 5-point scale). There were significant differences in knowledge of trafficking by age group (p < .001), region (p < .001), and educational training level (p < .001). 949 respondents (14.4%) provided free-text comments that further described their opinions.

Conclusion

Most respondents stated they have not received training but felt they would benefit from it. There were significant differences between demographic groups. Further innovation is needed to design a universally appropriate curriculum on human trafficking that is accessible to all healthcare providers as well as mandatory training programs for healthcare institutions.
Common physiologic and proteomic biomarkers in pulmonary and coronary artery disease
Authors: Casselbrant Andreas , Fedorowski Artur , Frantz Sophia , Engström Gunnar , Wollmer Per , Hamrefors Viktor
Published: March 2022

Objective

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are leading causes of global morbidity and mortality. There is a well-known comorbidity between COPD and CAD, which is only partly explained by smoking and other known common risk factors. In order to better understand the relationship between COPD and CAD, we analyzed myocardial perfusion, pulmonary function and novel cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with symptoms suggesting myocardial ischemia.

Methods

A total of 396 subjects from the Swedish Biomarkers and Genetics CardioPulmonary Physiology Study (BiG CaPPS) were included, all of whom had been referred to myocardial perfusion imaging due to suspected myocardial ischemia. Subjects performed myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), pulmonary function tests (PFT) and analysis of 92 proteomic biomarkers, previously associated with cardiovascular disease. Linear regression was used to study the relationship between MPI and PFT results and proteomic biomarkers.

Results

Subjects with CAD (n = 159) had lower diffusing capacity (DLCO) than patients without CAD (6.64 versus 7.17 mmol/(min*kPa*l); p = 0.004) in models adjusted for common covariates such as smoking, but also diabetes and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). The association remained significant after additional adjustment for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (p = 0.009). Subjects with CAD, compared with subjects without CAD, had higher total airway resistance (0.37 vs 0.36 kPa/(l/s); p = 0.036). Among 92 protein biomarkers, nine were associated with a combined diagnosis of CAD and airflow obstruction: VSIG2, KIM1, FGF-23, REN, XCL1, GIF, ADM, TRAIL-R2 and PRSS8.

Significance

Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide is decreased in patients with CAD, independently of decreased FEV1, diabetes, and elevated BNP. Several cardiovascular biomarkers are associated with co-existent CAD and airflow obstruction, but none with airflow obstruction only. The current findings indicate that the interaction between CAD and lung function is complex, including mechanisms beyond the known association between CAD and reduced ventilation.
Air pollution and individuals’ mental well-being in the adult population in United Kingdom: A spatial-temporal longitudinal study and the moderating effect of ethnicity
Authors: Abed Al Ahad Mary , Demšar Urška , Sullivan Frank , Kulu Hill
Published: March 2022

Background

Recent studies suggest an association between ambient air pollution and mental well-being, though evidence is mostly fragmented and inconclusive. Research also suffers from methodological limitations related to study design and moderating effect of key demographics (e.g., ethnicity). This study examines the effect of air pollution on reported mental well-being in United Kingdom (UK) using spatial-temporal (between-within) longitudinal design and assesses the moderating effect of ethnicity.

Methods

Data for 60,146 adult individuals (age:16+) with 349,748 repeated responses across 10-data collection waves (2009–2019) from “Understanding-Society: The-UK-Household-Longitudinal-Study” were linked to annual concentrations of NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 pollutants using the individuals’ place of residence, given at the local-authority and at the finer Lower-Super-Output-Areas (LSOAs) levels; allowing for analysis at two geographical scales across time. The association between air pollution and mental well-being (assessed through general-health-questionnaire-GHQ12) and its modification by ethnicity and being non-UK born was assessed using multilevel mixed-effect logit models.

Results

Higher odds of poor mental well-being was observed with every 10μg/m3 increase in NO2, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 pollutants at both LSOAs and local-authority levels. Decomposing air pollution into spatial-temporal (between-within) effects showed significant between, but not within effects; thus, residing in more polluted local-authorities/LSOAs have higher impact on poor mental well-being than the air pollution variation across time within each geographical area. Analysis by ethnicity revealed higher odds of poor mental well-being with increasing concentrations of SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 only for Pakistani/Bangladeshi, other-ethnicities and non-UK born individuals compared to British-white and natives, but not for other ethnic groups.

Conclusion

Using longitudinal individual-level and contextual-linked data, this study highlights the negative effect of air pollution on individuals’ mental well-being. Environmental policies to reduce air pollution emissions can eventually improve the mental well-being of people in UK. However, there is inconclusive evidence on the moderating effect of ethnicity.
Determination of an optimum sampling unit of Ricania shantungensis (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) eggs in persimmons
Authors: Baek Sunghoon , Seo Hwa-Young , Park Chang-Gyu
Published: March 2022

Even though the optimum sampling methods for invasive pests are very important in newly invaded areas, the standard sampling unit of Ricania shantungensis is still undeveloped in persimmons. Among all developmental stages of R. shantungensis, the egg has close relationship between its density and subsequent tree damage. Thus, this study was conducted to suggest an optimum sampling unit for R. shantungensis eggs in persimmons based on characteristics of its within-tree distribution pattern. The within-tree distribution pattern was characterized with 60 persimmon trees by cutting 12 branches at three vertical levels (low, middle, and high) in four horizontal criteria (east, west, south, and north) per tree. The sampling units were determined based on coefficient of variation (CV) and coefficient of determination (r2) calculated from egg mass numbers per 10 cm from the tip within a branch. In numbers of R. shantungensis egg masses, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) horizontally, but significant (P < 0.05) difference vertically. More R. shantungensis eggs were found on terminal branches of each trunk. The 60 cm from the tip of branches in the terminal positions of each trunk was selected as the optimum sampling unit for R. shantungensis in persimmons because this unit has the lowest CV value and more than 0.9 of r2 value. Even though the optimum sample number per tree should be determined field-specifically, it would be acceptable to sample two or three branches by considering this pests’ recognizable damage level. This small sampling unit could make the sampling of R. shantungensis become more economical, precise, and consistent in persimmon fields.
RSV-induced changes in a 3-dimensional organoid model of human fetal lungs
Authors: Harford Terri J. , Rezaee Fariba , Dye Briana R. , Fan Jia , Spence Jason R. , Piedimonte Giovanni
Published: March 2022

We have shown that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can spread hematogenously from infected airways of a pregnant woman to the developing fetal lungs in utero. This study sought to measure RSV replication, cytopathic effects, and protein expression in human lung organoids (HLOs) reproducing architecture and transcriptional profiles of human fetal lungs during the 1st trimester of gestation. HLOs derived from human pluripotent stem cells were microinjected after 50 or 100 days in culture with medium or recombinant RSV-A2 expressing the red fluorescent protein gene (rrRSV). Infection was monitored by fluorescent microscopy and PCR. Immunohistochemistry and proteomic analysis were performed. RSV infected HLOs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. RSV-infected HLOs increased expression of CC10 (Club cells), but had sparse FOXJ1 (ciliated cells). Disruption of F-actin cytoskeleton was consistent with proteomic data showing a significant increase in Rho GTPases proteins. RSV upregulated the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel and, while β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) expression was decreased overall, its phosphorylated form increased. Our data suggest that prenatal RSV infection produces profound changes in fetal lungs’ architecture and expression profiles and maybe an essential precursor of chronic airway dysfunction. expression profiles, and possibly be an important precursor of chronic airway dysfunction.
Reovirus infection is regulated by NPC1 and endosomal cholesterol homeostasis
Authors: Ortega-Gonzalez Paula , Taylor Gwen , Jangra Rohit K. , Tenorio Raquel , Fernandez de Castro Isabel , Mainou Bernardo A. , Orchard Robert C. , Wilen Craig B. , Brigleb Pamela H. , Sojati Jorna , Chandran Kartik , Sachse Martin , Risco Cristina , Dermody Terence S.
Published: March 2022

Cholesterol homeostasis is required for the replication of many viruses, including Ebola virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus-1. Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) is an endosomal-lysosomal membrane protein involved in cholesterol trafficking from late endosomes and lysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. We identified NPC1 in CRISPR and RNA interference screens as a putative host factor for infection by mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus). Following internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, the reovirus outer capsid is proteolytically removed, the endosomal membrane is disrupted, and the viral core is released into the cytoplasm where viral transcription, genome replication, and assembly take place. We found that reovirus infection is significantly impaired in cells lacking NPC1, but infection is restored by treatment of cells with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, which binds and solubilizes cholesterol. Absence of NPC1 did not dampen infection by infectious subvirion particles, which are reovirus disassembly intermediates that bypass the endocytic pathway for infection of target cells. NPC1 is not required for reovirus attachment to the plasma membrane, internalization into cells, or uncoating within endosomes. Instead, NPC1 is required for delivery of transcriptionally active reovirus core particles from endosomes into the cytoplasm. These findings suggest that cholesterol homeostasis, ensured by NPC1 transport activity, is required for reovirus penetration into the cytoplasm, pointing to a new function for NPC1 and cholesterol homeostasis in viral infection.
In defence of the virtues of traditional radio
Authors: Stoller Tony
Published: March 2022

This article explains that reports of the death of traditional radio, in the context of the mushrooming multiplicity of audio platforms are much exaggerated. The history of successive waves of potential competition – vinyl records, television, CDs and the early internet – have all come along, achieved massive audiences, found their fixed changing place in the wider audio ecology. Yet each of them has left traditional radio with a continuing and highly important role, albeit flexing that slightly as the media ecology changes. Through the history of those developments, this article identifies those virtues of traditional radio which remain fully relevant today and into the future, notwithstanding the myriad new audio opportunities. It considers the impact of digital origination and broadcasting technology, concluding that although radio needs to reassert some of its traditional virtues – localness, not least – if it can do that it will be well placed to meet the evolving challenges of the first half of the twenty-first century.
Broadcast radio: Technology, challenges and opportunities in the twenty-first century
Authors: Hallett Lawrie
Published: March 2022

This article focuses on the considerable scale and pace of change in broadcast radio over the first two decades of the twenty-first century, an on-going process showing little sign of abating. Developments in digital broadcasting, the increasing consumption of audio via internet protocol and the arrival of the smart speaker are all major factors impacting the future of radio broadcasting. No longer a stand-alone medium, this article argues that the future of broadcast radio rests on the way in which it addresses the various challenges and opportunities offered by its use of new technologies and multiple platforms. Change is not simply being driven by technological and regulatory developments within the industry (although there have been plenty of those over the past two decades). Equally importantly, change is also being driven by external factors and by wider societal pressures. Arguably, today, radio faces greater levels of challenge and competition than at any time in its century, or so, long history. Any process of change creates both winners and losers. In the medium term, which side of that equation radio broadcasting finds itself on will be determined by its response to the changes, challenges and opportunities encountered over the next few years.
The Radio Garden: Private pleasures and public benefits
Authors: Lewis Peter , Mitchell Caroline
Published: March 2022

The launch in December 2016 of the Radio Garden, an output of the EU-funded Transnational Radio Encounters (TRE) project, attracted a social media storm and hundreds of millions of page views. Since then, the number of visits has not significantly decreased. It is the ability to access live radio streams from stations across the world that is Radio Garden’s attraction, something which, in the years since its launch, the two authors have repeatedly witnessed: people, young and old, are excited by this ‘TRE’. With a touch of the screen, Radio Garden offers an escape from the bubble of ‘likes’ to new musical and linguistic encounters, geographical difference and distance, perhaps even an escape from the bubble of nationality. For older people, the surfing recalls the dial-searching of the first radio age – an adventure, but a safe one. In this article, two co-investigators in the original TRE project discuss what these encounters mean for listeners and its continuing popularity during the 2020–21 pandemic. They demonstrate how the platform has enabled people to participate in radio in new ways and discuss examples of the social and educational benefits and the personal pleasures it affords its users in the United Kingdom and beyond.
No longer the only game in town: British indies, podcasts and the new audio economy of independent production
Authors: Berry Richard
Published: March 2022

The world of audio is undergoing seismic changes. Traditionally a space dominated by linear radio programmes, in the 2020s this form of listening remains relevant but is now being challenged by other forms and global media platforms. In particular, podcasting offers producers opportunities to pitch for commissions from brands and platforms or to make work independently. Historically, podcasting was a medium led and shaped by amateurs and distributed for free by independent creators. In the 2020s this relationship began to shift. In the United Kingdom, audio producers are now finding success outside of radio, in what was once a market dominated by the BBC. Forming what we might term a ‘new audio economy’, producers and creatives are working across multiple forms of production in the long tail of audio media. Through interviews and analysis, this article will explore the impact of podcasting and other forms of audio production on the UK-independent radio/audio sector, noting the influence of the BBC and shifting patterns of production within the sector
Strength in numbers: The challenges of running community radio in the United Kingdom
Authors: Coleman Josephine F.
Published: March 2022

This article explores the challenges facing the managers of licensed local community radio stations in the United Kingdom working to deliver on their key commitments. The evidence discussed in this article was gathered in two fieldwork phases between 2018 and 2021. Since half the interviews were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of lockdown is also covered. Subjective accounts are shared relating to what managing a station entails when resources are limited, and some of the tensions which arise due to standards compliance and securing income-generating opportunities. The discussion raises questions about how under-funding and varying levels of institutional support impact upon how closely operators conform to the ideals of grassroots community access broadcasting. Noting the diversity of contexts within the sector, the conclusion is drawn that further research is essential since a one-size-fits-all solution will not suffice. Commonalities do exist however, such as the importance of social capital. The call is made to raise the profile of community radio’s public service offer and to explicitly promote its value as an asset within localities, particularly in the post-pandemic recovery period.
Supporting Families Who Lost Their Parents Due to COVID-19
Authors: Ngo Huu Tien
Published: March 2022

On July 7, 2021, the global death toll from COVID-19 surpassed 4 million as the crisis devolved into a race between the vaccine and highly contagious variants. According to estimates from the Peace Research Institute in Oslo, the number of lives lost in the last year and a half, as compiled from official sources by Johns Hopkins University, is roughly equal to the number of people killed in battle in all of the world's wars since 1982 (Segarra, 2021). Among those who died from COVID-19, many people were parents in their families. Their deaths have severely affected their children's physical and mental health. Therefore, through a review of various reports, this paper will develop a familiarity with families whose parents have died of Covid-19. These families have received counseling and other types of support. Keywords: COVID-19, died, parents, families, counseling.
Gramática, língua e norma
Authors: Bopp da Silva Tais
Published: March 2022

A partir de uma entrevista semidirigida com estudantes do curso de Licenciatura em Letras, este artigo discute a importância da compreensão dos conceitos de gramática, língua e norma, desde uma perspectiva científica, para a consolidação do pensamento crítico dos estudantes. A hipótese que motiva esta pesquisa é a de que a crença nas concepções de certo e errado — evidenciadas em estudos sobre atitudes de professores da educação básica — advém de uma compreensão dos referidos conceitos amparada em parâmetros prescritivos.
Aspectos sintáticos e prosódicos do sistema de pontuação
Authors: Maris Mariana
Published: March 2022

Partindo de problemas conceituais relativos às relações entre fala e escrita representadas pela pontuação, este artigo, recorte de minha tese de doutorado em desenvolvimento, investiga o tratamento teórico-normativo conferido a esse fenômeno linguístico em obras inaugurais da gramaticografia portuguesa. Mais especificamente, o trabalho procura analisar a categorização da pontuação como parte da ortografia da língua, bem como identificar, interpretar e inter-relacionar os aspectos sintáticos e prosódicos a partir dos quais os sinais de pontuação são normatizados durante os Quinhentos. Para tanto, o tratado de Pero Magalhães de Gândavo (1981 [1574]) foi delimitado como corpus, mas, com vistas à reconstituição do horizonte de retrospecção da pesquisa (cf. AUROUX, 2014), dados sobre os sinais de pontuação utilizados e/ou normatizados em manuscritos medievais, em impressos renascentistas e na gramática de João de Barros (1540) também integram as notas aqui desenvolvidas. Trata-se de um estudo que, situado na Historiografia da Linguística (cf. ALTMAN, 2019; BATISTA, 2015, 2019; KOERNER, 2014; SWIGGERS, 2019), conjuga aspectos externos e internos de análise, embora eleja como foco a materialidade linguística das obras. O levantamento bibliográfico realizado e as análises dos dados evidenciam que, desde os primeiros gestos de gramatização do português, o sistema de pontuação já era apresentado a partir de confluências entre sintaxe e prosódia, ou entre a delimitação de constituintes oracionais e a demarcação de pausas próprias à entonação. Sugerem, assim, a pertinência de se olhar para a pontuação de um ponto de vista menos polarizado quanto a essas duas dimensões constitutivas de sua normatização ao longo da história.
método de pesquisa e análise da variação e mudança linguísticas em Grammaticas da Lingua Portugueza
Authors: Moraes Jorge Viana de
Published: March 2022

Pesquisas desenvolvidas por Moraes (2017a, 2017b, 2020, 2021a [no prelo], 2021b [no prelo) mostram como, do ponto de vista histórico, pode ser produtiva a abordagem da variação e da mudança linguística em lugares como as gramáticas. Instrumentos linguísticos (AUROUX 1992, 1998), a princípio, voltados não apenas para a descrição da língua, mas também para o apagamento das variedades e para o nivelamento ou homogeneização das falas não oficiais; as gramáticas, entretanto, vistas em seu conjunto (corpus), mostram-se, nesta nova perspectiva proposta, como repositório de diferentes e sucessivas sincronias pretéritas. É interessante observar que, vistas a partir de uma nova perspectiva histórica e historiográfica, portanto, com os contornos de um novo objeto a ser explorado nos limites da Linguística Histórica, as diversas vozes que os gramáticos intentaram, em seu tempo, e ao longo dos séculos, silenciar, a partir de negativas atitudes linguísticas (HALLIDAY et al. 1976; LEITE 2005), porque reputadas como erradas, ganham, neste novo panorama de pesquisa, uma historicidade abrangente e representativa e passam a servir como fontes de exemplos da própria heterogeneidade linguística em diferentes contextos. Neste trabalho, apresentamos algumas diretrizes metodológicas que têm se mostrado produtivas na exploração desses fenômenos.
Política de Ações Afirmativas da UFBA: a experiência da Secretaria Administrativa da Comissão Permanente de Heteroidentificação complementar à autodeclaração como pessoa negra/CPHA
Authors: Silva Eveline Pena da , Prates Adriana Guimarães
Published: March 2022

A Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) foi a terceira universidade federal do país a implantar um sistema de cotas, em maio de 2004. No que tange às vagas com recorte racial, de 2005 até 2018, a UFBA exigia apenas o preenchimento da autodeclaração de raça/cor, documento que era preenchido no ato da matrícula. A partir do ano de 2019, sete anos após a implementação da Lei de Cotas, a autodeclaração passou a ser aferida a partir de procedimentos complementares de heteroidentificação. Neste relato de experiência discutiremos a prática da atuação das autoras na Secretaria Administrativa da Comissão Permanente de Heteroidentificação complementar à autodeclaração como pessoa negra (preta ou parda) da UFBA (CPHA), priorizando uma apresentação técnica da estruturação e do papel desempenhado pelas mesmas junto à CPHA a partir do primeiro procedimento, para ingresso via SiSU, realizado em fevereiro de 2019, sua estruturação e consolidação, no ano de 2020, e a necessidade de adaptar os procedimentos para o contexto telepresencial em função da pandemia do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2)/COVID-19.
Egressos Afrodescendentes do Sistema de Vagas da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros: uma análise da trajetória educacional e profissional
Authors: Camargo Mônica Nogueira , Ide Maria Helena de Souza , Alves Maria Railma
Published: March 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a trajetória educacional e profissional dos egressos da categoria afrodescendente da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. A pesquisa partiu da seguinte indagação: Que trajetórias educacionais e profissionais têm percorrido os egressos do sistema de reserva de vagas para afrodescendentes carentes após a conclusão da graduação? Através da metodologia de abordagem quantitativa, foram aplicados 45 questionários aos egressos de diferentes áreas de formação, a fim de que relatassem suas experiências vividas enquanto alunos negros e cotistas da graduação. Na abordagem qualitativa utilizou-se a revisão bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental. Os resultados permitem mostrar que o curso superior aumentou a bagagem de conhecimento e de renda dessas pessoas e preparou-as para o mercado de trabalho.
Gota do que não se esgota: a ação afirmativa como tensão à estrutura universitária
Authors: Silva Nikolas Pallisser , Medeiros Priscila Martins de
Published: March 2022

Partindo da Universidade Estadual de Londrina como objeto, a pesquisa em tela teve por objetivo compreender as possíveis transformações ocorridas na estrutura universitária com a adoção de ações afirmativas. A metodologia utilizada foi de ordem qualitativa, realizamos entrevistas com diferentes atores, sobretudo, os estudantes; além disso, também nos valemos de pesquisa documental em documentos oficiais da instituição e em jornais locais; utilizamos ainda, em menor escala, pesquisa quantitativa. O significado de ser cotista revelou-se um importante ponto de observação da relação entre estrutura universitária e sistema de cotas. Por fim, a pesquisa demonstrou que a alteração do significado de ser cotista tem produzido uma tensão na estrutura universitária.
Ensino médio e superior público de São Paulo: o contraste entre as políticas curriculares meritocráticas e as políticas afirmativas
Authors: Aversa Vinicius de Oliveira , Souza José Gilberto de
Published: March 2022

O artigo apresenta uma avaliação acerca da importância das políticas de cotas para a democratização do ensino superior. A partir da análise quantitativa são analisadas as diferenças desempenho entre os alunos oriundos de escola pública e escola privada no estado de São Paulo, considerando ainda as declarações étnicas apresentadas, quando da inscrição do sistema de vestibulares da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). A pesquisa se insere no projeto Escola:  neoliberalismo, necropolítica e os processos de resistência, que investiga os dados de exclusão e as resistências sociais que classes e grupos étnicos buscam estabelecer no enfrentamento das políticas neoliberais aplicadas na educação. Examinamos os resultados dos postulantes nas provas de 2010 a 2018, com a finalidade de averiguar qual política determinou o acesso de estudantes egressos das escolas públicas paulistas na universidade pública. Para tanto, foram analisadas as políticas de inclusão adotadas pela UNESP em 2010 e em 2014, em contraponto às políticas curriculares do estado de São Paulo, implementadas sob o discurso de melhoria da escola pública. Demonstramos que o aumento do percentual dos convocados que cursaram o ensino médio em escolas públicas foi ampliado, de 30% em 2010 para 44% em 2018, e esse aumento só foi possível porque o programa de reserva de vagas assegurou o acesso destes candidatos. Destacamos ainda a permanência das diferenças de desempenho entre alunos pretos e brancos e que a política de reserva de vagas produziu um pequeno aumento de convocações de alunos pretos, que estudam majoritariamente em escolas públicas. Estes resultados evidenciam que a luta e as estratégias de organização social das comunidades pretas, na consolidação de políticas afirmativas, são fundamentais para o acesso ao ensino superior público.
Dampak Pengurangan Nol Mata Uang terhadap Ekonomi Masyarakat Perspektif Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah
Authors: Hasan Asyari
Published: March 2022

Abstract: This paper discusses the phenomenon of reducing zero from national currencies carried out in several countries to simplify their value. The current floating exchange rate has proven to be unable to guarantee a currency has a stable value. This study shows that the reduction of zero from national currencies only occurs in the fiat money system, where its production and distribution is full of state political interests. In practice, there are many countries that have succeeded in reducing zero from their national currencies, but many have failed. The successful countries in reducing zero from national currencies make their society prosperous; on the other hand, the failed countries can create an economic instability which harms the societies. However, the impact of the policy, whether successful or unsuccessful, in the perspective of maqasid as-shariah is not justifiable because it decreases the value of currency. With this policy, society will lose their property without anything real from their work.Abstrak: Tulisan ini mengkaji fenomena pengurangan nol mata uang yang dilakukan di beberapa negara untuk menyederhanakan nilainya. Float exchange rate saat ini terbukti tidak bisa menjamin suatu mata uang memiliki nilai yang stabil. Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa pengurangan nol mata uang hanya terjadi dalam sistem fiat money, di mana produksi dan distribusinya sarat dengan kepentingan politik negara. Dalam praktiknya, ada banyak negara yang sukses melakukan pengurangan nol mata uang namun banyak juga yang gagal. Negara yang sukses melakukan pengurangan nol mata uang menjadikan rakyatnya sejahtera; sebaliknya, negara yang gagal melakukannya berdampak pada instabilitas ekonomi yang merugikan rakyat. Namun demikian, dampak kebijakan tersebut, baik sukses maupun gagal, jika dilihat dari perspektif maqāṣid al-sharī’ah sesungguhnya tidaklah bisa dibenarkan karena menjadikan suatu mata uang semakin menurun nilainya. Dengan kebijakan tersebut, masyarakat juga akan kehilangan harta mereka tanpa sesuatu hal yang riil dari pekerjaan mereka.
Beyond Borders: Migrants’ and Refugees’ Rights and Protection Under the Veil of International Law
Authors: Othman, El Nofely Abdallah Mohamed
Published: March 2022

Migration has always been a phenomenal instrument throughout human survival and development. Since the dawn of history, people have been moving from one place to another seeking for better good welfare, employment opportunities, peace, or re-uniting with loved ones. This article argues that, despite the existence of regional and international instruments on the rights and principles governing the migration regime, yet, violations against migrants’ and refugees’ rights still persist. The study method used is literature with comparative approach. The results of the study, shows that the host states’ imposed discriminative legislation and a legal vacuum on punitive measures against violators of those principles contribute migration ordeal, and therefore, advocates for a strong regional and international coordination among the United Nations member states to develop long-term and viable solutions to enforce annulment of repressive migration laws, arbitrary detentions and forced deportations by the migrants-receiving states.
La educación del siglo XXI. Claves para la personalización del aprendizaje a través de la neurodidáctica
Authors: González García Melanie
Published: March 2022

El objetivo final de la educación debe ser el desarrollo pleno del ser humano. Estamos, por tanto, obligados a facilitar las máximas oportunidades a todas las personas para que desenvuelvan lo máximo posible su potencial. Conocer cómo aprende y se desarrolla el cerebro humano no solo minimiza las posibles brechas socioculturales o genéticas, sino que propicia un ambiente motivador y de crecimiento que fomenta la adquisición de habilidades imprescindibles para el presente y el futuro de nuestra sociedad.
La verdad como inspiración en el pensamiento de Emmanuel Lévinas
Authors: Rodríguez Piñero Francisco Javier
Published: March 2022

Emanuel Lévinas ha desarrollado su ética de la alteridad a partir de una visión de la subjetividad como lenguaje y proximidad. Este artículo indaga en la noción de verdad como inspiración propuesta por Lévinas, la cual se presenta como una alternativa a la concepción clásica de verdad como desvelamiento y representación. Metodológicamente se analiza la obra levinasiana, en especial De otro modo que ser o más allá de la esencia, llegando a la conclusión de que la subjetividad inspirada y profética, lo otro en el mismo que interpela a la responsabilidad, abre el horizonte de una verdad que no es adecuación sino enseñanza e inquietud. La verdad no emerge como una actividad cognoscitiva del sujeto individual, sino que nace en la praxis ética como inspiración a la responsabilidad.
The Bioeconomics of Domesticating Zoonoses
Authors: Green Sarah
Published: March 2022

The majority of diseases that afflict humans are shared by nonhuman animals, and three-quarters of emerging diseases do so. People have known this for centuries, understanding that diseases traveled the same routes as did traders, migrants, and soldiers. Zoonosis is a process that involves the movement of a pathogen from a nonhuman animal body to a human animal body, which then triggers disease. In the past, this reality mostly served as an impediment to the bioeconomics of working with animals; in more recent years, research on zoonoses has turned animals into part of bioeconomic logic in themselves.
On a comparison theorem for parabolic equations with nonlinear boundary conditions
Authors: Kita Kosuke , Ôtani Mitsuharu
Published: March 2022

In this article, a new type of comparison theorem for some second-order nonlinear parabolic systems with nonlinear boundary conditions is given, which can cover classical linear boundary conditions, such as the homogeneous Dirichlet or Neumann boundary condition. The advantage of our comparison theorem over the classical ones lies in the fact that it enables us to compare two solutions satisfying different types of boundary conditions. As an application of our comparison theorem, we can give some new results on the existence of blow-up solutions of some parabolic equations and systems with nonlinear boundary conditions.
Comparison of the yield and purity of plasma exosomes extracted by ultracentrifugation, precipitation, and membrane-based approaches
Authors: Li Wei-Jian , Chen Hong , Tong Man-Li , Niu Jian-Jun , Zhu Xiao-Zhen , Lin Li-Rong
Published: March 2022

Exosomes were enriched from plasma by ultracentrifugation, precipitation, and membrane-based approaches for yield and purity. Using the four isolation approaches, particles with mode sizes within the expected range (50–200 nm) can be isolated. By protein estimation, polymer precipitation resulted in a maximum yield (5610.59 ± 51.189 µg/mL), followed by membrane affinity (471.57 ± 12.16 µg/mL), ultracentrifugation (440.22 ± 11.71 µg/mL) and filter + ultracentrifugation (235.47 ± 13.27 µg/mL). By total RNA estimation, the yield of polymer precipitation (3.26 ± 0.42 ng/mL) was higher than that of ultracentrifugation (1.52 ± 0.06 ng/mL), filter + ultracentrifugation (1.21 ± 0.25 ng/mL) and membrane affinity (1.44 ± 0.14 ng/mL). The purity of exosomal preparations was determined as the ratio of the particle number to protein and of protein to RNA. According to the ratio of the particle number to protein concentration, the “purity” of the polymer precipitation method was similar to that of the membrane affinity method and higher than that of ultracentrifugation and filter + ultracentrifugation. When the ratio of RNA to protein was used, the “purity” of the polymer precipitation method was lower than that of the membrane affinity method. Differential methods can be employed to enrich specific exosome subpopulations. The steps of the methods affect the particle number, protein content, and even exosomal purity. The best extraction and evaluation methods for exosomes need to be selected in the laboratory according to their experimental needs.
A method for detecting objects in dense scenes
Authors: Xu Chuanyun , Zheng Yu , Zhang Yang , Li Gang , Wang Ying
Published: March 2022

Recent object detectors have achieved excellent performance in accuracy and speed. Even with such impressive results, the most advanced detectors are challenging in dense scenes. In this article, we analyze and find the reasons for the decrease in detection accuracy in dense scenes. We started our work in terms of region proposal and location loss. We found that low-quality proposal regions during the training process are the main factors affecting detection accuracy. To prove our research, we established and trained a dense detection model based on Cascade R-CNN. The model achieves an accuracy of mAP 0.413 on the SKU-110K sub-dataset. Our results show that improving the quality of recommended regions can effectively improve the detection accuracy in dense scenes.
Effect of PF resin penetration on interphase microstructure and quantitative micromechanical properties of different grained-wood laminates
Authors: Li Zhenrui , Long Keying , Zhang Yu , Chen Kaiqiang , Lin Lanying
Published: March 2022

Wood, a natural anisotropic material, behaves differently in the radial (R) and tangential direction (T), which also gives rise to different penetration capacity of adhesive into wood tissues. The present study investigates the penetration behavior of adhesive in the interphase of three different wood laminates, namely R-R, T-R, and T-T combinations, and its effect on microstructure and micromechanical properties of the latewood bonding interphase using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and nanoindentation (NI). The results showed that the average penetration depth (AP) of the radial surface (S
R) was higher than that of the tangential surface (S
T) and a significant improvement in the mechanics of cells compared with the control cell (C). the maximum reduced elastic modulus (E

r
) and hardness (H) found at the fourth cell row were 21.7 GPa and 0.62 GPa for R-R laminate, respectively, which increased by 43% and 29% compared with C (15.1 GPa, 0.48 GPa), and the maximum E

r
and H found at the first cell row were 23.2 GPa and 0.65 GPa for T-T laminate, respectively, which increased by 52% and 44% compared with C (15.3 GPa, 0.45 GPa). The results provide an important platform for better understanding and predicting the properties of wood glue line and bonding interphase.
China bzw. das Chinesische in
Meti. Buch der Wendungen von Bertolt Brecht
Authors: Jing Jing , Li Changke
Published: March 2022

In Bezug auf die Frage, welche Bedeutung China für Bertolt Brecht hatte, untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag chinesische Konstanten, die sich auch in Brechts Werk Meti. Buch der Wendungen finden. Es sind Stoffe, Themen oder Gedanken, die sich Brecht bei seiner Beschäftigung mit China zu eigen gemacht hat. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt nicht nur diejenigen, die am ehesten ins Auge fallen, sondern auch diejenigen, die nicht unbedingt immer sofort erkennbar sind. Aufgrund der Untersuchung vertritt der vorliegende Beitrag die Ansicht, dass Meti zum wiederholten Mal zeigt: China gehört Brecht. China bzw. das Chinesische war für Brechts Schaffen eine nicht wegzudenkende Kategorie.
Improvised bubble continuous positive airway pressure ventilation use in neonates in resource-limited settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Usman Fatima , Farouk Zubaida L. , Tsiga-Ahmed Fatimah I. , Abdussalam Muhammed , Jalo Rabiu I. , Mohammad Sa’adatu S. , Aliyu Muktar H.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

In the face of limited fiscal and technical resources, improvised methods have been used to provide effective and sustainable ventilatory support in low-resource settings to reduce neonatal mortality associated with respiratory complications. This study assessed the use of improvised bubble continuous positive airway pressure (ibCPAP) ventilation among neonates with respiratory complications and determined its effect on neonatal outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Content

Hospital-based studies conducted between 2010 and 2020 in LMICs were reviewed. Rayyan® software for systematic review was used for screening and article selection. We used Stata® Statacorp Texas USA software to estimate pooled prevalence, proportion estimates, weighted mean differences and 95% Confidence Interval (CI), using the random effects model.

A total of 193 articles were generated and 125 were reviewed. Thirteen articles with 806 neonates on ibCPAP ventilation were included. The pooled prevalence of ibCPAP use was 7.0% (95% CI: 3.0%–13.0%). There was a significant difference in mean oxygen saturation before and after ibCPAP use (−1.34% [95% CI: −1.65% to −1.02%, p<0.01). The duration of oxygen requirement among neonates on ibCPAP was 6.5 hours less than controls (0.27 days [95%CI: −0.49 to −0.05, p<0.01).

Outlook

IbCPAP had no effect on the respiratory rate, duration of admission, mortality and survival. IbCPAP use in LMIC hospitals is low and its use improved oxygen saturation and duration on oxygen among the neonates, but had no impact on length of stay, respiratory rate, mortality or survival.
Metaphors of cancer in the Arabic language: An analysis of the use of metaphors in the online narratives of breast cancer patients
Authors: Abaalalaa Hessah Shajaan , Ibrahim Wesam M. A.
Published: March 2022

This study explores the use of metaphors in the narratives of breast cancer patients in online magazine websites in the Arabic language. It aims to find similarities and/or differences between English and Arabic in respect of the metaphorical constructions of cancer experiences. The corpus of the study consists of 13,705 words in 19 narratives in Arabic. We used the metaphor identification procedure of Pragglejaz Group (2007) to detect the metaphors in the corpus. We focused on the role of metaphor in constructing our experience of cancer, and examined which metaphors are more frequent in the construction of the cancer experience. The results of the study revealed that there is a great similarity between Arabic and English in respect of the metaphors used to construct the cancer experience; the patients have framed their cancer situation via WAR and/or JOURNEY metaphors, with War metaphors more frequently used than Journey Metaphors. The findings also indicate that the Arabic narratives tended to include a stronger religious framework, constructing cancer as a kind of Trial by Ordeal in which one proves one’s firm faith through patience and acceptance of fate.
Between Old and New Teleology. Kant on Maupertuis’ Principle of Least Action
Authors: Meer Rudolf
Published: March 2022

In the Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic, Kant formulates teleological principles, or rather ideas, and explicates them referring to concrete examples of natural science such as chemistry, astronomy, biology, empirical psychology, and physical geography. Despite the increasing interest in the systematic relevance of the Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic and its importance for Kant’s conception of natural science, the numerous historical sources for the regulative use of reason have not yet been investigated. One that is very central is Maupertuis’ principle of least action. In 1781, Kant transformed teleology into heuristics and methodology, but in doing so, he partially develops a teleology which was disqualified by Maupertuis because its starting point lies in the construction of animals or plants, the structure of the earth, and the immensity of the celestial bodies. Based on Maupertuis’ principle of action, it can be shown that the Appendix forms a systematic interface between Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens and Critique of Judgement which allows the reconstruction of Kant’s regulative use of reason and its specific status in the context of natural science and his critical appraisal of Maupertuis.