bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation and simulation of wave breaking in the southern hemispheric stratosphere during VORCORE
Authors: Moustaoui M. , Teitelbaum H. , Mahalov A.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. An interesting occurrence of a Rossby wave breaking event observed during the VORCORE experiment is presented and explained. Twenty-seven balloons were launched inside the Antarctic polar vortex. Almost all of these balloons evolved in the stratosphere around 500K within the vortex, except the one launched on 28 October 2005. In this case, the balloon was caught within a tongue of high potential vorticity (PV), and was ejected from the polar vortex. The evolution of this event is studied for the period between 19 and 25 November 2005. It is found that at the beginning of this period, the polar vortex experienced distortions due to the presence of Rossby waves. Then, these waves break and a tongue of high PV develops. On 25 November, the tongue became separated from the vortex and the balloon was ejected into the surf zone. Lagrangian simulations demonstrate that the air masses surrounding the balloon after its ejection were originating from the vortex edge. The wave breaking and the development of the tongue are confined within a region where a planetary Quasi-Stationary Wave 1 (QSW1) induces wind speeds with weaker values. The QSW1 causes asymmetry in the wind speed and the horizontal PV gradient along the edge of the polar vortex, resulting in a localized jet. Rossby waves with smaller scales propagating on top of this jet amplify as they enter the jet exit region and then break. The role of the QSW1 on the formation of the weak flow conditions that caused the non-linear wave breaking observed near the vortex edge is confirmed by three-dimensional numerical simulations using forcing with and without the contribution of the QSW1.
Best practices for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infection in the spinal cord injured population
Authors: Hill Timothy C. , Baverstock Richard , Carlson Kevin V. , Estey Eric P. , Gray Gary J. , Hill Denise C. , Ho Chester , McGinnis Rosemary H. , Moore Katherine , Parmar Raj
Published: April 2013

The purpose of this review of clinical guidelines and best practices literature is to suggest prevention options and a treatment approach for intermittent catheter users that will minimize UTI.  Recommendations are based both on evidence in the literature and an understanding of what is currently attainable within the Alberta context, through collaboration between both major tertiary care centres (Edmonton and Calgary) and between various professionals who regularly encounter these patients, including nursing, physiatry, and urology.  Key references used to prepare this document included Canadian sources such as; SCIRE, along with the American Urological Association (AUA) and European Urological Association (EUA) documents on the topic and resources from Paralyzed Veterans of America. No details on neurogenic bladder management exist in the Canadian Urological Association list of publications.  Finally, the impetus for preparing these protocols arose due to concerns identified by a survey of individuals with SCI regarding perceived gaps in knowledge and practice among caregivers and physicians about SCI and UTI prevention and management.
Urologists in cyberspace. A review of the quality of health information from American urologists’ websites using three validated tools
Authors: Wong Lih-Ming , Yan Hanmu , Margel David , Fleshner Neil E.
Published: April 2013

Objectives: To evaluate a sample of urologists’ websites, based in the United States of America (USA), using three validated instruments: the Health on the Net Foundation code of conduct (HONcode), DISCERN and LIDA tools.To discuss how medical websites can be improved.   Materials and Methods: The 10 most populous cities in America , identified from the US Census Bureau, were searched using www.google.com to identify the first ten websites using the terms “urologist + city”. Each website was scored using the HONcode, DISCERN and LIDA instruments.The median score for each tool was used to dichotomize the cohort and multivariable logistic regression used to identify independent predictors of higher scores.   Results Of the 100 websites found, 78 were analysed. There were 18 academic institutions, 43 group and 17 solo practices. A medical website design service had been used by 18 websites. The HONcode badge was seen on 3 websites (4%).  Social media was used by 16 websites.Multivariable logistic regression showed predictors of higher scores for each tool were: HONcode - academic centers (OR 6.8, CI 1.2-37.3, p=0.028) and use of medical website design service (OR 17.2, CI 3.8-78.1, p=0.001);DISCERN - academic centres (OR 23.13, p=0.002, CI 3.15-169.9 and group practices (OR 7.19, p=0.022, CI 1.33-38.93). LIDA tool - there were no predictors of higher scores. Pearson correlation did not show any correlation between the three scores   Conclusions   Using 3 validated tools for appraising online health information, we found a wide variation in quality of urologists’ websites in America. Increased awareness of standards and available resources, coupled with guidance from health professional regulatory bodies, would improve the quality health information on medical websites.
Clinical significance of suboptimal hormonal levels in men with prostate cancer treated with LHRH agonists
Authors: Kawakami Jun , Morales Alvaro
Published: April 2013

Purpose:  We examined the serum levels of testosterone (T) (total and bioavailable) dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), follicle stimulating (FSH), luteinizing (LH), and prostate specific antigen (PSA) in men receiving treatment with  luteinizing hormone releasing-hormone (LHRH) agonists for metastatic prostate cancer, to determine the efficacy of these agents in lowering T levels and whether a possible  relationship exists between PSA values, as a surrogate measure of tumor activity, and hormone levels.   Materials and Methods:  This was a single center prospective study of patients on LHRH agonists.  Of all 100 eligible patients, 31 did not qualify: 10 were receiving their first injection, 13 were on intermittent hormonal therapy, 7 refused to enter the trial, and 1 patient’s blood sample was lost.  Therefore, 69 patients were included in the final analysis.  Each patient had their blood sample drawn immediately before the administration of a LHRH agonist. The new proposed criteria of <20ng/dL (0.69 nmol/L) of total testosterone was used to define optimal levels of the hormone in this population.   Results: Of the 69 patients, 41 were on goserelin injections, 21 on leuprolide, and 7 on buserelin.  There was no statistical difference in hormone levels between any of the medications.  Overall, 21% of patients failed to reach optimal levels of total testosterone. PSA levels were higher in this group.  There was a statistically significant correlation between PSA and testosterone levels as well as between PSA and  FSH.  Serum levels of PSA however, did not correlate with those of bio-available testosterone.   Conclusions: Failure to reach optimal levels of testosterone occurs in patients on LHRH agonist therapy.  Higher PSA values are more commonly found in patients with sub-optimal levels of testosterone receiving LHRH analogs but the clinical importance of this finding has not been established.  There is no significant difference with respect to hormonal levels reached among patients on a variety of LHRH agonists.  Total testosterone determinations should be considered in patients on LHRH agonist therapy, particularly when the PSA values begin to rise since it may lead to further beneficial hormonal manipulation.
A unique scrotal extratesticular epidermod cyst attached to the seminal vesicles
Authors: Sağlam Hasan Salih , Kumsar Şükrü , Köse Osman , Adsan Oztuğ
Published: April 2013

A 46-year old man was admitted with a scrotal long standing painless mass. The work up included physical examination, alpha- fetoprotein (αFP) and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) analyses, scrotal ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and urethrocystoscopy. The patient underwent surgery. Surgical exploration revealed a separate mass between the testes extending superiorly with a thin stalk.  It was dissected easily to the anterior aspect of the seminal vesicles and removed from the junction to the seminal vesicles. Pathology reported an epidermoid cyst. To our knowledge this is the first case of a scrotal extratesticular epidermoid cyst attached to the seminal vesicles. Epidermoid cysts can be seen anywhere in the midline from the cranium to the anus.   Embriologically   abnormal closure of neural groove or epithelial fusion lines is one of the theories that seem more probable. Genital epidermoid cysts are rare, painless and usually located in the testes.  Up to date less than 10   case reports of extratesticular epidermoid cysts have been published.  For those cases malignancy may not be ruled out, so the surgical removal was advocated.
Metastatic prostate cancer with malignant ascites: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ani Ifeanyi , Costaldi Mark , Abouassaly Robert
Published: April 2013

Malignant ascites from advanced prostate cancer is a rare entity with only few cases reported. It represents a poor prognosis. We report a case of a 57 year old African American male presenting with weight loss, lower urinary tract symptoms, and voiding dysfunction, found to be in renal failure with metabolic abnormalities associated with significant abdominal distention and pain.  CT imaging showed ascites which was pathologically confirmed by immunostaining and cytological identification of malignant cells. Prostate biopsy identified high grade prostate cancer which responded to hormonal therapy with a significant decrease in serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA). Ascites was managed with paracentesis and renal failure with hemodialysis as needed.
A comparison of the metabolic profiles of diabetic and non-diabetic uric acid stone formers
Authors: Fernandez Alfonso , Fuller Andrew , Al-Bareeq Reem , Nott Linda , Razvi Hassan
Published: April 2013

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic profiles of diabetic and non-diabetic patients with uric acid stones to understand whether preventive strategies should be tailored to reflect different causative factors.Methods: The results of the metabolic evaluation of patients with uric acid stones identified prospectively from the Metabolic Stone Clinic at St. Joseph’s Hospital, London, Canada were reviewed. Information included patients’ clinical histories, 24 hour urine collections, blood chemistry and stone analysis.Results: Complete data were obtained from 68 patients with uric acid stones. Twenty-two patients had diabetes. There were no statistically significant differences in mean age, body mass index, or history of gout. Among diabetics, pure uric acid stones were identified in 14 patients (63%) and mixed uric acid in 8 (36%). Pure uric acid stones were more common in the diabetic cohort (63% vs. 46%, p = 0.16). Urine pH, serum and urine uric acid levels and 24-hour urine volumes were similar in both groups. The diabetic group had an increased average oxalate excretion (424 μmol/d vs. 324 μmol/d, p = 0.003).Conclusion: The exact etiological basis for the higher oxalate excretion in diabetic uric acid stone formers is unclear. Whether this is a metabolic feature of diabetes, due to dietary indiscretion or the iatrogenic consequence of dietary advice requires further investigation.
Impact of body mass index on clinical outcomes associated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Alyami Fahad A. , Skinner Thomas A. A. , Norman Richard W.
Published: April 2013

Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the preferred treatment for patients with large renal calculi or stones that have not responded to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The objective of this study was to compare outcomes and complications of PCNL in patients of various body mass indices (BMI) to determine the safety of this procedure in patients with elevated BMI.Methods: A retrospective chart review of 114 patients who underwent PCNL between 2006 and 2009 was performed. Patients were separated into 4 groups with respect to their BMI: (1) ideal bodyweight (BMI <25 kg/m2), (2) overweight (BMI 25-29 kg/m2), (3) obese (BMI 30-39 kg/m2) and (4) morbidly obese (BMI ≥40 kg/m2). One-way ANOVA and univariate logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between BMI (classified into 4 levels) and variables including age, sex, stone size, length of stay, incidence of complications and stone-free rates.Results: The distribution of the 114 patients in each BMI category was: ideal body weight 39 (34%), overweight 24 (21%), obese 41 (36%), morbidly obese 10 (9%). There was no difference in the composition of groups with respect to age, sex, pharmacologically treated comorbidities or stone size. Mean length of stay in days, intra- and postoperative complication rates were not statistically different. Stone-free rates showed no significant difference between groups: 90% ideal body weight; 87% overweight; 90% obese; 80% morbidly obese (p = 0.83).Interpretation: Outcomes of PCNL were statistically independent of BMI. PCNL is a safe and efficacious treatment of stone disease in patients of all sizes.
A prospective study on pain score with transperineal prostatic gold seed fiducial implantation under local anesthetic alone
Authors: Tang Colin I. , Sethukavalan Perakaa , Cheung Patrick , Morton Gerard , Pang Geordi , Loblaw D. Andrew
Published: April 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to monitor patient pain score with transperineal prostatic gold seed implantation in the absence of conscious sedation.Methods: All patients who were scheduled for image-guided external beam radiation (IGRT) and referred for gold seed fiducials were eligible to participate. Gold seed implants were performed by two radiation oncologists between December 2007 and April 2008. Patients received only local and deep anesthetic. No patients had prophylactic IV cannulation for the procedure. Three gold seeds were inserted transperineally into the prostate. A visual analogue scale from 0 to 10 was used to assess the pain at baseline, local and deep anesthetic infiltration, with each seed drop, and after the completion of the procedure.Results: A total of 30 patients were accrued to this study. The highest recorded increase in pain score was at the time point of deep local anesthesia, at which the mean pain score was 3.8. The mean pain scores at each seed drop were 0.8 (standard deviation [SD]=1.24), 1 (SD=1.26), and 0.5 (SD=0.90), respectively. All gold seed insertion procedures were well-tolerated, with no patient shaving significant pain post-procedure, and no significant procedural complications. There were only slight increases in dysuria, urinary frequency, constipation, urinary retention and flatulence in 7 patients – none of which required intervention.Interpretation: Transperineal ultrasound-guided gold seed implantation without conscious sedation is well-tolerated and associated with a low complication rate. It is a convenient outpatient procedure obviating the need for resource intensive postoperative monitoring.
Gérer la tentation en situation d’apprentissage : comparaison de la réévaluation cognitive avec l’obéissance à un ordre
Authors: Leroy Véronique , Dayez Jean-Baptiste , Mikolajczak Moïra , Grégoire Jacques
Published: April 2013

Quand un étudiant se retrouve en situation de tentation, ses parents/professeurs usent fréquemment de leur autorité pour le convaincre de persister dans son apprentissage. La présente étude propose une autre stratégie : la réévaluation cognitive. Elle consiste à changer la signification de la situation. Quatre-vingt-dix participants ont mémorisé des informations tout en étant tentés de regarder des images. Comparés à ceux qui n’avaient pas effectué de réévaluation ou qui avaient reçu l’injonction de bien faire, le groupe ayant réévalué la tâche (1) s’est moins laissé distraire, (2) a amélioré sa performance et (3) a attribué plus de valeur à la tâche.
« Savoir-y-faire » avec les élèves ; repérer une compétence professorale d’énonciation par une étude de cas
Authors: Montagne Yves Félix
Published: April 2013

L’objet de ce travail est d’analyser l’acte ou la parole non préméditée qui permet à un enseignant de retisser le lien éducatif face à des élèves emportés qui désorganisent le cours. Depuis l’éclairage de la psychanalyse, par l’interprétation des paroles d’une professeure, on proposera une construction de cas pour vérifier que ce genre d’invention peut s’apparenter à un « savoir-y-faire ». Ce texte tente ainsi de préciser la structure de cette compétence professorale d’énonciation et envisage diverses manières de l’intégrer à la formation professorale.
Radicaliser l’action collective : portrait de l’option libertaire au Québec
Authors: Sarrasin Rachel , Kruzynski Anna , Jeppesen Sandra , Breton Émilie
Published: April 2013

La mobilisation contre la mondialisation des échanges économiques au tournant du xxie siècle et, au Québec en particulier, dans le cadre du Sommet des Amériques en 2001 a donné l’impulsion à un mode d’engagement politique qui prend forme à l’extérieur des voies institutionnalisées de l’action partisane et du milieu communautaire. S’inspirant de la pensée politique anarchiste, les initiatives en apparence fragmentées qui s’inscrivent dans cette option libertaire forment aujourd’hui dans la province une communauté de mouvement social antiautoritaire. L’article a pour objectif de tracer un portrait empirique de cette communauté en dégageant la culture politique et l’interface organisationnelle qui relient les différents acteurs qui la composent. Mobilisés sur une variété de thématiques de lutte, ces acteurs antiautoritaires portent l’embryon d’un projet politique alternatif fondé sur la promotion de l’autonomie collective. Ce faisant, la communauté antiautoritaire porte les germes d’une façon novatrice de se réapproprier le politique par la pratique de la préfiguration, contribuant à la radicalisation du répertoire des formes d’engagement disponibles dans le paysage social et politique québécois.
La radicalisation, une résultante de stratégies de démarcation : la cause azerbaïdjanaise en Iran dans les années 2000
Authors: Riaux Gilles
Published: April 2013

Les mouvements nationalistes sont souvent associés à une forme de radicalité à cause de demandes indépendantistes et de l’usage de la violence. La cause azerbaïdjanaise en Iran invite à se départir du lien créé entre positionnement idéologique radical et passage à la violence. Il permet de considérer d’autres pratiques dans la radicalisation que le passage à la violence ; celles-ci ont en commun d’instaurer une rupture entre un regroupement volontaire d’individus et le reste de la société. La radicalisation apparaît alors comme une évolution visant à séparer un groupe de l’univers social dans lequel il évolue habituellement par l’adoption d’un projet de subversion de l’ordre politique.
The university professor who builds up innovative knowledge for a complex, collaborative and dialogical practice
Authors: De Lima Ferreira Jacques , Carpim Lucymara , Behrens Marilda Aparecida
Published: April 2013

The considerations and reflections referred in this article are results of a qualitative approach research, as a study case, done with 15 professors who teach at a college in the city of Curitiba where majors for technologists are developed, and it also aimed at identifying the teaching methodology adopted by the educators in their pedagogical practice, and if there is any investment on their continuous education, having in mind the educational obstacles educators have been facing in this new century. In the discussions, the investigating process took into account the challenges demanded by the adoption of an innovative, dialogical and cooperative educational attitude which, in a participative and critical manner, needs the adoption of strategies that stimulate the creativity, construction and reconstruction of meaningful knowledge. In that innovative context, the educator must consider the social, political and economic practice. Thus, the educator must adopt a new complexity paradigm (MORIN, 2000, 2001, 2009), in which the educational and methodological process require a proactive attitude in the sense of investing in his/her continuous professional development, especially when it comes to pedagogical practice, using technological resources in the benefit of a collaborative and mediating educational action.
O lugar da educação (escolar) na sociologia de Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Ribeiro Valle Ione
Published: April 2013

Pierre Bourdieu dedicou-se à análise do sistema de ensino (francês), evidenciando a distância entre a educação escolar praticada e o modelo preconizado pelas políticas educacionais. Seus estudos desencadearam uma crítica radical sobre os princípios da escolarepublicana. A escola se constituiu, portanto, no alvo privilegiado de algumas de suas principais obras (Os herdeiros, 1964; A reprodução, 1970; Homo academicus, 1984; A nobrezade Estado, 1989) e sempre ocupou um lugar importante nas demais. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho consiste em revisitar reflexões teóricas que permanecem relevantes no desvelamento das lógicas que movem as estratégias de reprodução social e que estão nosdiscursos sobre a democratização da educação
Docência no curso de Pedagogia: uma relação paradoxal entre a teoria e a prática formativa
Authors: Morita Vasconcellos Maura Maria , Chueire de Oliveira Cláudia
Published: April 2013

O artigo analisa resultado de pesquisa realizada em uma universidade pública relativa à docência e à formação pedagógica na qual um dos objetivos foi conhecer percepções de estudantes e docentes a respeito da qualidade do ensino de graduação nessa universidade. Pautado em uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, de caráter exploratório-descritivo, foram levantados dados sobre trabalho docente, qualidade do ensino e formação docente num curso de Pedagogia. O método hermenêutico-dialético foi utilizado como modelo de análise dos dados. O questionário foi o instrumento da coleta de dados de nove docentes e 84 estudantes desse curso de graduação. Como resultados, foram identificados problemas referentes à atuação do professor, ao comportamento de alunos e à organização do curso. Sobre a atuação do professor, priorizada neste texto, destacam-se problemas quanto à didática, à incoerência entre teoria e prática e ao compromisso docente, o que remete, necessariamente, à questão da formação docente. A investigação colocou em evidência a vulnerabilidade do trabalho docente que, mesmo praticado por docentes da área pedagógica, não está livre de ser considerado inadequado, especialmente quandos os discursos não são acompanhados de práticas correspondentes.
Mediação docente e desenho didático: uma articulação complexa na educação online
Authors: Sá Helena , Silva Marco
Published: April 2013

Este artigo é resultado de estudo realizado com o objetivo de investigar como ocorreu a construção do desenho didático e da docência no curso online “Formação de professores para docência online”, que embasou pesquisa interinstitucional realizada no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Moodle, envolvendo pesquisadores de dez programas de pós-graduação brasileiros e um de Portugal. O “pensamento complexo” de Morin (2007) foi tomado como base da sustentação teórica para o tratamento dos eixos: a) educação online como fenômeno da cibercultura; b) interatividade como paradigma comunicacional da mediação da aprendizagem em cursos online; e c) desenho didático como dinâmica hipertextual nas interfaces. A investigação se deu a partir de uma perspectiva qualitativa, do estudo de caso e da análise documental. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que mediação docente e desenho didático em cursos online supõem recursividade e agenda de engajamentos específicos: a) clarificar e objetivar as proposições de atividades dirigidas aos cursistas via internet; b) garantir interatividade nas interfaces de comunicação e de conteúdos do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem; c) desenvolver atividades e conteúdos em diferentes linguagens; d) equilibrar número de atividades propostas e o tempo estipulado para a realização; e) promover inclusão digital e cibercultural do discente; f) adequar as atividades que demandam recursos técnicos avançados ao aparato digital acessível aos cursistas. Pôr em prática tais cuidados beneficia a expressão da qualidade na articulação do desenho didático com a mediação docente em cursos via internet, assim como na formação de docentes para mediação da aprendizagem em educação online.
Formação do professor de Matemática na modalidade a distância: o que pensam os alunos sobre sua aprendizagem
Authors: Ribeiro Resende Marilene , De Oliveira Vieira Vania Maria
Published: April 2013

No contexto da expansão vertiginosa da educação a distância no Brasil, especialmente na formação de professores, o presente trabalho visou investigar quem é o aluno concluinte da Licenciatura em Matemática e como ele descreve sua aprendizagem. Optamos por uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, utilizando como procedimentos de coleta de dado, questionário e entrevista semiestruturada, aplicados, respectivamente, a 102 e a oito sujeitos. Procedemos à análise de conteúdo conforme os pressupostos de Bardin (1979). Dialogamos com os seguintes autores: Belloni (1999), Gatti (2009), González Rey (2006), Manrique e André (2006), Pozo (2002) e Preti (2005). Os dados analisados nos permitiram verificar na perspectiva dos sujeitos: a centralidade do aluno no processo de aprendizagem, enfatizando a disciplina, o esforço pessoal e a organização do tempo; a aprendizagemcaracterizada pela busca e pesquisa; a interação e o diálogo como elementos indispensáveis; as mudanças de atitudes em relação à Matemática e ao seu ensino. O que mais se destacou foi o grau de satisfação do aluno em relação à aprendizagem, não só dos conteúdos específicos, mas também dos pedagógicos e didáticos.
E-group: uma estratégia para o desenvolvimento profissional de professores
Authors: De Assis Ferreira Andréia , Duarte da Silva Bento
Published: April 2013

Neste texto, colocaremos em discussão, de forma predominante, o referencial teórico que norteou uma pesquisa de doutoramento1 acerca do desenvolvimento profissional de professores de História da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Belo Horizonte (Brasil), que vivenciaram um processo de formação e consolidação de um grupo colaborativo, mediado pelas tecnologias de informação e comunicação aplicadas à educação - TICE. Destacamos como a colaboração online pode ser potencializadora do desenvolvimento profissional de professores e apresentamos breves exemplos dessa interação mediada pela ferramenta E-group. A partir do conceito de desenvolvimento profissional adotado por Garcia (1999) – como o conjunto de processos e estratégias que facilitam a reflexão dos professores sobre a sua prática, que contribui para que os professores gerem conhecimento prático, estratégico e sejam capazes de aprender com sua experiência –, acreditamos que o grupo colaborativo virtual pode ser um espaço desencadeador e propício para que essas reflexões ocorram.
Aproximações do/no Ensino a Distância: interação e construção de conhecimentos
Authors: M. S. Puccinelli Tancredi Regina , Bertoluci Evandro Antonio , Tiggemann Iara Suzana
Published: April 2013

Nos últimos anos, presenciamos um significativo crescimento de cursos desenvolvidos a distância, que se expandiram em virtude das inovações tecnológicas e das necessidades da população de se capacitar ao longo da vida num formato mais ajustado ao dinamismo atual. Esses cursos alcançaram a formação de professores, sendo muitas e diversificadas as propostas disponíveis de formação inicial e continuada. Todavia, muitos cursos são oferecidos sem cuidados suficientes para proporcionar aos futuros docentes uma formação sólida que lhes permita enfrentar os desafios que o magistério traz aos que nele atuam. Uma das questões diz respeito à promoção da interação nesses cursos, responsabilidade da qual futuros professores não podem se eximir. Assim, o presente artigo busca desenvolver uma reflexão acerca da importância da interação na educação a distância, tomando por experiência a comunicação ocorrida em duas salas virtuais do curso de Pedagogia da UAB-UFSCar, em uma disciplina oferecida para alunos de primeiro módulo. Elegemos a ferramenta e-mail interno para análise, uma vez que entendemos que ela constitui-se em um canal de comunicação de uso bastante disseminado, de rápida utilização e um espaço privativo para troca de mensagens sobre diferentes assuntos. Com o estudo realizado, observamos indícios de criação de laços sociocognitivos e motivacionais que resultaram em situações de acompanhamento, orientação, cobrança, estímulo e construção de conhecimentos.
Luck, jobs and learning
Authors: Marder Eve
Published: April 2013

Eve Marder believes that many of the most important events in our lives, both personal and professional, depend to some degree on luck or chance.
Climate Change and the Fate of Desert Springs
Authors: Frisbee Marty D. , Wilson John L. , Sada Donald W.
Published: April 2013

Springs are integral components of the unique web of life in desert ecosystems of the western United States. Many desert springs would not exist without local mountains to intercept and store water from rainfall and snowmelt, and many desert aquatic ecosystems would not exist without the springs, illustrating the connectivity between landscape processes (the realm of geoscientists) and ecosystem functioning (the realm of ecologists). On a human scale, early exploration, inhabitation, and survival in the arid and semiarid western United States would not have been feasible without springs. People living there today continue to value springs as dependable sources of water for irrigation, livestock, drinking, and recreational and economic uses (e.g., hot springs). Unfortunately, some desert springs may be less resistant to the effects of climate change than others. How can this resistance be quantified?
Is there a link between Arctic amplification and midlatitude weather?
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: April 2013

As the Earth's climate warms, the Arctic has been warming more rapidly than the rest of the globe. Some previous studies have suggested that this Arctic amplification of warming is causing an increase in extreme weather events in the midlatitudes. They proposed that this occurs because Arctic warming induces changes in atmospheric circulation, including changes in atmospheric planetary waves that tend to promote persistent extreme weather conditions, such as heat waves, cold spells, droughts, and floods.
Driving Anger and Metacognition: The Role of Thought Confidence on Anger and Aggressive Driving Intentions
Authors: Blankenship Kevin L. , Nesbit Sundé M. , Murray Renee A.
Published: April 2013

The present studies examined the self‐validating role of anger within provoking driving situations, using a scenario method. Specifically, we predicted that one reason for why individuals higher (rather than lower) in trait driving anger are more likely to aggress when provoked is because these individuals are more confident in their thoughts resulting from the provocation. Higher thought confidence, in turn, may influence the amount of anger experienced and the extent to which the anger translates into aggressive behavior. Study 1 found that participants higher in driving anger were more confident in their thoughts in a provoking situation and their thought confidence mediated the effect of trait driving anger on anger in response to the provocation. Using a manipulation of consistency, Study 2 found that thought confidence mediated the influence of anger on aggressive driving intentions, but only for individuals higher in driving anger. The current research adds to the growing work examining a new mechanism by which emotion (e.g., anger) can affect behavior. Aggr. Behav. 39:323–334, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With a Higher Risk of Cervical but Not Trochanteric Hip Fracture: A Nationwide Population‐Based Study
Authors: Wang Shu‐Hung , Chang Yu‐Sheng , Liu Chia‐Jen , Lai Chien‐Chih , Chen Wei‐Sheng , Chen Tzeng‐Ji , Wang Shuu‐Jiun
Published: April 2013

Objective

To determine the incidence rates and risk factors of cervical and trochanteric hip fractures (HFs) among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) based on a nationwide population‐based data set.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance database. Patients with SLE and their age‐ and sex‐matched counterparts without SLE were identified. The primary end point was the first occurrence of HF. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the respective risk factors of cervical and trochanteric HFs in the lupus cohort.

Results

Among 14,544 patients with SLE (90% women, mean age 38.1 years) with a mean followup of 6 years, 75 developed HF (incidence rate 8.60 per 10,000 person‐years). Compared to controls, the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for developing HF among lupus patients were 3.17 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.92–5.39, P < 0.001) for cervical HF and 1.11 (95% CI 0.58–2.11, P = 0.571) for trochanteric HF. The IRRs for HF were 2.38 (95% CI 1.58–3.63, P < 0.001) for women and 1.06 (95% CI 0.21–4.93, P = 0.922) for men. Lupus patients with cervical HF were younger than controls with cervical HF (mean age 56.7 versus 67.8 years; P = 0.007). Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that age, use of intravenous cyclophosphamide, higher dose of steroid, and stroke were associated with cervical HF, whereas age was the only associated factor for trochanteric HF.

Conclusion

SLE is associated with a higher risk for cervical but not trochanteric HF, and these 2 types of HFs have different risk factors.
Molecular Findings in Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome
Authors: CHOUFANI SANAA , SHUMAN CHERYL , WEKSBERG ROSANNA
Published: April 2013

Our understanding of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) has recently been enhanced by advances in its molecular characterization. These advances have further delineated intricate (epi)genetic regulation of the imprinted gene cluster on chromosome 11p15.5 and the role of these genes in normal growth and development. Studies of the molecular changes associated with the BWS phenotype have been instrumental in elucidating critical molecular elements in this imprinted region. This review will provide updated information on the multiple new regulatory elements that have been recently found to contribute to in cis or in trans control of imprinted gene expression in the chromosome 11p15.5 region and the clinical expression of the BWS phenotype. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Control of Solid‐state Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Binaphthyl Organic Fluorophores through Environmental Changes
Authors: Kimoto Takaya , Amako Tomoyuki , Tajima Nobuo , Kuroda Reiko , Fujiki Michiya , Imai Yoshitane
Published: April 2013

The signs of solid‐state circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of axially chiral binaphthyl organic fluorophores were successfully controlled by changing the environment of their solid‐state matrices from a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film‐dispersed state to a KBr pellet‐dispersed state.
The effect of habitat acoustics on common marmoset vocal signal transmission
Authors: Morrill Ryan J. , Thomas A. Wren , Schiel Nicola , Souto Antonio , Miller Cory T.
Published: April 2013

Noisy acoustic environments present several challenges for the evolution of acoustic communication systems. Among the most significant is the need to limit degradation of spectro‐temporal signal structure in order to maintain communicative efficacy. This can be achieved by selecting for several potentially complementary processes. Selection can act on behavioral mechanisms permitting signalers to control the timing and occurrence of signal production to avoid acoustic interference. Likewise, the signal itself may be the target of selection, biasing the evolution of its structure to comprise acoustic features that avoid interference from ambient noise or degrade minimally in the habitat. Here, we address the latter topic for common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) long‐distance contact vocalizations, known as phee calls. Our aim was to test whether this vocalization is specifically adapted for transmission in a species‐typical forest habitat, the Atlantic forests of northeastern Brazil. We combined seasonal analyses of ambient habitat acoustics with experiments in which pure tones, clicks, and vocalizations were broadcast and rerecorded at different distances to characterize signal degradation in the habitat. Ambient sound was analyzed from intervals throughout the day and over rainy and dry seasons, showing temporal regularities across varied timescales. Broadcast experiment results indicated that the tone and click stimuli showed the typically inverse relationship between frequency and signaling efficacy. Although marmoset phee calls degraded over distance with marked predictability compared with artificial sounds, they did not otherwise appear to be specially designed for increased transmission efficacy or minimal interference in this habitat. We discuss these data in the context of other similar studies and evidence of potential behavioral mechanisms for avoiding acoustic interference in order to maintain effective vocal communication in common marmosets. Am. J. Primatol. 75:904–916, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Redescription and designation of a neotype for Pseudoloris reguanti Crusafont‐Pairó, 1967, an Eocene primate from the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Minwer‐Barakat Raef , Marigó Judit , Moyà‐Solà Salvador
Published: April 2013

The species Pseudoloris reguanti (Microchoerinae, Omomyidae, Primates) was described by Miquel Crusafont‐Pairó in 1967, based on a single lower molar from the Late Eocene Spanish site Sant Cugat de Gavadons. Sometime later, the holotype and unique material of P. reguanti was lost from the collections of the Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont. Recently, several isolated teeth of Pseudoloris from the type locality have been found in the collections of the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland, including two lower molars. According to the description of Crusafont‐Pairó, one of the specimens may correspond to the holotype, but this statement cannot be proved due to the lack of illustrations accompanying the original definition of the species. In this work we designate this specimen as a neotype, also providing proper descriptions, measurements and illustrations of the new material and an emended diagnosis for the species. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:245–251, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ureas/Thioureas of Benzo[d]isothiazole Analog Conjugated Glutamic Acid: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Sharma Anamika , Suhas Ramesh , Gowda Dase Channe
Published: April 2013

A series of urea and thiourea derivatives of glutamic acid conjugated to 3‐(1‐piperazinyl)‐1,2‐benzisothiazole were synthesized, spectroscopically characterized, and evaluated for their in vitro antiglycation and urease inhibitory activities. Preliminary screening of the synthesized compounds 1–35 showed significant results. Amongst these, compounds 17–21 and 30–35 bearing fluoro and methoxy substituents, respectively, exhibited inhibitory potency greater than the reference standards. Hence, they may serve as new lead compounds for further development.
An Active Disturbance Rejection Approach to Leader‐Follower Controlled Formation
Authors: Sira‐Ramírez Hebertt , Castro‐Linares Rafael , Puriel‐Gil Guillermo
Published: April 2013

This article describes the design of a linearizing, observer‐based, robust dynamic feedback control scheme for output reference trajectory tracking tasks in a leader‐follower non‐holonomic car formation problem. The approach is based on the cars' kinematic models. A radical simplification in the form of a global ultra‐model is proposed on the follower's exact open loop position tracking error dynamics obtained via flatness considerations. This results in a system described by an additively disturbed set of two, second order integrators with non‐linear velocity dependent control input gain matrix. The unknown additive disturbances are modeled as absolutely uniformly bounded time signals which may be locally approximated by arbitrary elements of a sufficiently high degree family of Taylor polynomials. Linear high‐gain Luenberger observers of the generalized proportional integral (GPI) type may be readily designed. These observers include the self updating internal model of the unknown disturbance input vector components in the form of generic, instantaneous, time‐polynomial models. The proposed (GPI) observers, which are the dual counterpart of GPI controllers [17], achieve a simultaneous disturbance estimation and tracking error phase variables estimation. This on‐line gathered information is used to advantage on the follower's feedback controller thus allowing for a simple, yet efficient, disturbance and control input gain cancelation effort. The results are applied to have the follower track a time‐delayed version of the actual leader's trajectory. Experimental results are presented which illustrate the robustness and viability of the proposed approach.
Observed and projected precipitation variability in Athens over a 2.5 century period
Authors: Founda D. , Giannakopoulos C. , Pierros F. , Kalimeris A. , Petrakis M.
Published: April 2013

The observed and projected precipitation variability in Athens is assessed for a 2.5 century period. The observed variability is examined using the 150‐year historical record of the National Observatory of Athens, while future variability using an ensemble of regional climate models. A good agreement between observations and the model ensemble was found for annual and seasonal precipitation. The model ensemble overestimated the number of rainy days and precipitation amount corresponding to light precipitation and underestimated them corresponding to moderate–heavy precipitation. A 35% decrease in total annual precipitation coupled with an increase in extreme precipitation was projected by the model ensemble up to 2100. Copyright © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Trends in Arctic sea ice and the role of atmospheric circulation
Authors: Ogi Masayo , Rigor Ignatius G.
Published: April 2013

The decrease in the September sea‐ice extent over the Arctic has been accelerating since 1996. This study examined the contributions of atmospheric circulation anomalies and trends in winter and summer to changes in Arctic sea ice during the periods 1979–1996 and 1996–2010. In recent years, winter westerly winds over the Beaufort Sea and summer anticyclonic circulation over the Arctic toward the Fram Strait have contributed to accelerated decreases in sea ice over areas east of Europe and north of Alaska. In particular, recent strong anticyclonic circulation has caused an accelerating decrease in the Arctic sea ice in summer. Copyright © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Classification of warm and cold water events in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Lutz K. , Rathmann J. , Jacobeit J.
Published: April 2013

For the tropical Atlantic Ocean two phenomena showing anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) warming have been described: the Atlantic Niño in the equatorial Atlantic and the Benguela Niño off the Angolan coast. In this study, both Niño types are integrated into a new set of SST regions and the definition of a robust standardized index for the long‐term period 1870–2011. Comparisons of these regions and indices show a close connection between anomalous warming and cooling in the equatorial Atlantic and the Benguela region. Therefore, instead of considering equatorial Atlantic and Benguela warm and cold events separately, we propose to classify them into three subtypes of one comprehensive Atlantic Niño. Copyright © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Soil‐layer configuration requirement for large‐eddy atmosphere and land surface coupled modeling
Authors: Liu Shaofeng , Shao Yaping
Published: April 2013

To investigate the soil‐layer configuration requirement for numerical studying large‐eddy scale atmosphere and land surface interactions, we conduct two experiments with an atmosphere and land surface coupled large‐eddy model, one with the ‘usual’ soil‐layer configuration and the other with a finer one. It is found that the former configuration prevents the soil to respond to atmospheric large eddies and the soil acts solely as a fixed external condition to the atmospheric turbulence, and is thus inadequate for large‐eddy atmosphere and land surface coupled modeling. It is shown that soil‐layer configuration has a profound impact on the simulated atmospheric boundary layer dynamics. Copyright © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Assessing the reliability of a nanocomponent using nanocrack growth
Authors: Ebrahimi Nader
Published: April 2013

In nanoscience and nanotechnology, much attention has been given to the dual problem of designing nanocomponents with novel physical properties and how such nanocomponents can be fabricated. Receiving less attention has been the question of the nanocomponent's reliability; how does a nanocomponent fail and how long does a nanocomponent survive under typical operating conditions? High reliability is necessary to guarantee the advancement and utilization of nanocomponents due to the fact that they account for a high proportion of costs of newly designed nanosystems as well as multiscale systems. A nanocomponent is a component that is made of atoms, and its reliability is determined by these atoms.

There are situations where it is hard or impossible to extract information from a nanocomponent about its relationship to its atoms. In this article, we assess the nanocomponent's reliability by using its physical properties. Specifically, it is known that nanocrack growth involves considerable statistical variability and such variability should be accounted for assessing growth. In this paper, we first provide a stochastic nanocrack growth model and then evaluate the reliability of a nanocomponent based on this model. Various properties of this model are obtained. We also evaluate the reliability of a nanocomponent under different assumptions on our proposed growth model. This paper is a modification of the extensive literature on modeling fatigue cracks in materials on a larger scale, applied to nanoscale where growth is not a function of cumulative stress on the component but related to the time to first exceedance of a threshold. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.