bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems Associated with Co-Infection by Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in COVID-19 Patients: A Review
Authors: Yahya Reham Omar
Published: November 2022

To date, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its variants have been reported as a novel public health concern threatening us worldwide. The presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae in COVID-19-infected patients is a major problem due to its resistance to multiple antibiotics, and it can possibly make the management of COVID-19 in patients more problematic. The impact of co-infection by K. pneumoniae on COVID-19 patients was explored in the current review. The spread of K. pneumoniae as a co-infection among critically ill COVID-19 patients, particularly throughout hospitalization, was identified and recorded via numerous reports. Alarmingly, the extensive application of antibiotics in the initial diagnosis of COVID-19 infection may reduce bacterial co-infection, but it increases the antibiotic resistance of bacteria such as the strains of K. pneumoniae. The correct detection of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae can offer a supportive reference for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, the prevention and control of K. pneumoniae are required to minimize the risk of COVID-19. The aim of the present review is, therefore, to report on the virulence factors of the K. pneumonia genotypes, the drug resistance of K. pneumonia, and the impact of K. pneumoniae co-infection with COVID-19 on patients through a study of the published scientific papers, reports, and case studies.
Identification of F1 Hybrid Progenies in Mango Based on Fluorescent SSR Markers
Authors: Li Xing , Zheng Bin , Xu Wentian , Ma Xiaowei , Wang Songbiao , Qian Minjie , Wu Hongxia
Published: November 2022

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) belongs to the genus Mangifera and family Anacardiaceae, and is an important tropical fruits. Artificial cross breeding (hand pollination) is an important method for breeding new mango cultivars. It is easy to produce false hybrids in the process of artificial pollination breeding. Therefore, it is necessary to establish rapid and accurate molecular detection methods to identify the authenticity of hybrids. Mango ‘Jinhuang’ and ‘Renong No.1′ and 65 individual plants of their F1 hybrids were used as experimental materials, eight SSRs (simple sequence repeats) primer pairs with polymorphism in parents were used to identify the F1 hybrids by capillary electrophoresis. The results showed that PCR product size (bp) for eight primers ranged from 108 bp (ES55) to 176 bp (ES63) in 65 samples. A total of 62 true hybrids were identified from 65 hybrid progenies, and the true hybrid rate was 95.38%. A total of 18 alleles were amplified by eight SSRs, seven SSR loci showed binary segregations, whereas only one SSR locus ES83 showing ab:ac:bb:bc segregation fitted to the expected segregation ratio of 1:1:1:1. The value of expected heterozygosity (He), ranged from 0.34 to 0.62, whereas the value of observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.44 to 0.81. Chi-square test showed that eight SSR loci were in accordance with Mendel’s segregation law. The results of cluster analysis showed that the parents and 62 true hybrids could be classified into two categories at 0.58: the first category contained 27 offspring, clustered with ‘Jinhuang’ and showed a maternal genetic tendency. The second category contained 35 offspring, clustered with ‘Renong No.1′ and showed a partial paternal genetic tendency. DNA fingerprint of hybrids from ‘Jinhuang’ × ‘Renong No.1′ cross were constructed using eight SSR primers for variety protection.
Potential of Debaryomyces hansenii Strains on the Inhibition of Botrytis cinerea in Blueberry Fruits (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)
Authors: Ramos-Bell Surelys , Hernández-Montiel Luis G. , Velázquez-Estrada Rita M. , Herrera-González Juan A. , Gutiérrez-Martínez Porfirio
Published: November 2022

Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is a crop with great potential for exportation and is very important for its antioxidant properties. However, this fruit is susceptible to different factors of deterioration and attack by pathogens. Botrytis cinerea is the main cause of post-harvest losses in this crop. Antagonistic yeasts from the Debaryomyces hansenii species, which is of marine origin, have been proposed as an alternative method for fungal control. For this reason, this study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antagonistic capacity of the yeast against B. cinerea. The in vitro growth of the fungus was inhibited by 90% and germination was reduced by 100%, and through the production of volatile organic compounds, the growth of the pathogen was inhibited by 32.5%. Photographic evidence by electron microscopy revealed the effects caused by D. hansenii on B. cinerea. The incidence study showed a 50% reduction in the incidence of the disease caused by B. cinerea in blueberries, while quality parameters—such as soluble solids, titratable acidity, and pH—presented stable values, delaying the maturation process of the fruits. Likewise, the rate of reduction in firmness and physiological weight loss was lower, and the blueberries preserved their quality for a longer time.
Effects of Temporary Respiration Exercise with Individual Harmonic Frequency on Blood Pressure and Autonomic Balance
Authors: Mun Sungchul , Park Sangin , Whang Sungyop , Whang Mincheol
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the effects of modulated respiration on blood pressure and autonomic balance to develop a healthcare application system for stabilizing autonomic balance. Thirty-two participants were asked to perform self-regulated tasks with 18 different respiration sequences, and their electrocardiograms (ECG) and blood pressure were measured. Changes in cardiovascular system functions and blood pressure were compared between free-breathing and various respiration conditions. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures stabilized after individual harmonic breathing. Autonomic balance, characterized by heart rate variability, was also stabilized with brief respiration training according to harmonic frequency. Five machine-learning algorithms were used to classify the two opposing factors between the free and modulated breathing conditions. The random forest models outperformed the other classifiers in the training data of systolic blood pressure and heart rate variability. The mean areas under the curves (AUCs) were 0.82 for systolic blood pressure and 0.98 for heart rate variability. Our findings lend support that blood pressure and autonomic balance were improved by temporary harmonic frequency respiration. This study provides a self-regulated respiration system that can control and help stabilize blood pressure and autonomic balance, which would help reduce mental stress and enhance human task performance in various fields.
Gender Impact on Diabetes Distress Focus at Medical Communication Concerns, Life and Interpersonal Stress
Authors: Huang Li-Chi , Lin Ching-Ling , Chang Yao-Tsung , Chen Ruey-Yu , Bai Chyi-Huey
Published: November 2022

Introduction: along with the rapidly aging population in many countries around the world, the global prevalence of diabetes and suffering from diabetes-related depression have risen in middle-aged and elderly adults. However, given that psychological stress is deeply influenced by culture, gender inequality in these statistics is often exhibited and increases with age. The aim of this study was to explore the gender difference in diabetes distress among middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients. Methods: 395 participants from four hospitals were recruited for a cross-sectional survey. The Taiwan Diabetes Distress Scale (TDDS) was used to measure diabetes distress. Linear regression was conducted to assess the gender difference in different types of diabetes distress. Results: there was significant gender difference in each diabetes distress domain. In particular, men who had received diabetes education in the past six months seemed to be more concerned about diabetes complications and felt pressured to communicate with doctors. In addition, women seemed to be more affected by diabetes distress because of their marital status, especially for married women. Conclusions: diabetes distress seems to have significant gender differences; however, more longitudinal research is needed on the causal relationship between gender and diabetes distress.
The Influence of COVID-19 on University Students’ Well-Being, Physical Activity, Body Composition, and Strength Endurance
Authors: Podstawski Robert , Finn Kevin John , Borysławski Krzysztof , Omelan Aneta Anna , Podstawska Anna Maria , Skrzypczak Andrzej Robert , Pomianowski Andrzej
Published: November 2022

Background: Very few scientific studies have simultaneously evaluated changes in well-being (WB), physical activity (PA), and strength endurance (SE) based on results from before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess WB, PA, and SE levels, as well as body composition parameters in university students before and during the pandemic. Methods: The study included 30 males and 30 females (mean age: 21.7 ± 2.51 and 21.6 ± 2.34 years, respectively). Well-being using the Self-Perception Questionnaire (POMS), PA from the Polish regular version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), body composition parameters using the InBody 270 analyzer, and SE based on the results of a 12 min test involving a Concept 2PM-5 rowing ergometer were assessed before and during the pandemic. Results: An assessment of university students’ WB revealed a significant increase in variables such as tension, depression, anger, confusion, and a significant decline in vigor (p < 0.05). In both sexes, PA and SE decreased significantly—from 2115.4 to 1822.8 METs-min/week and from 2184.5 to 2035 m, respectively, in males, and from 1793.5 to 1699.8 METs-min/week and from 2021.5 to 1943.8 m, respectively, in females. At the same time, body mass and BMI values increased significantly (p < 0.001) in both females and males. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant decrease in WB, PA and SE levels in young females and males, and led to a significant increase in their body mass and BMI.
The Prevalence of Ocular Extra-Intestinal Manifestations in Adults Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Jing-Xing , Chiang Chun-Chi , Chen San-Ni , Lin Jane-Ming , Tsai Yi-Yu
Published: November 2022

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a greater frequency of ocular extra-intestinal manifestations (O-EIMs) than the general population, while Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have inconsistent prevalence, according to previous studies. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of O-EIMs in CD and UC, respectively. We systemically reviewed O-EIMs and IBD across several online databases. Inclusion criteria are as follows: (1) observational studies examining the association between O-EIMs and IBD, such as cross-sectional, case–control, or cohort studies; (2) human and adult individuals; and (3) with case and control groups consisting of patients with and without O-EIMs, respectively. Patients under the age of 18 or any study on pediatric IBD will be excluded. The prevalence of uveitis in adults was determined by 21 studies comprising 190,941 individuals with IBD, including 62,874 CD and 128,067 UC. The pooled analysis revealed significantly increased odds of uveitis in patients with CD than with UC (pooled odd ratio (OR) 1.603, 95% confidence interval 1.254–2.049). The subgroup analysis revealed that European populations had significantly higher odds of developing uveitis and episcleritis in patients with CD than UC (pooled OR 1.683 and 2.401, respectively). Although O-EIMs may be the prodrome of IBD, no consistent finding was obtained as a result of the high heterogeneity from the two included studies. This meta-analysis indicates the significantly increased odds of uveitis in adults with CD than those with UC. In subgroup analysis, European with CD seemed to have higher odds of uveitis and episcleritis than those with UC. Nonetheless, the link between O-EIMs and IBD remained unclear.
Body Composition Profiles of Applicants to a Physical Education and Sports Major in Southeastern Mexico
Authors: Gasperín-Rodríguez Edgar I. , Gómez-Figueroa Julio A. , Gómez-Miranda Luis M. , Ríos-Gallardo Paul T. , Palmeros-Exsome Carolina , Hernández-Lepe Marco A. , Moncada-Jiménez José , Bonilla Diego A.
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to determine the body composition profile of candidates applying for a Physical Education and Sports major. 327 young adults (F: 87, M: 240) participated in this cross-sectional study. Nutritional status and body composition analysis were performed, and the profiles were generated using an unsupervised machine learning algorithm. Body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat mass (%FM), percentage of muscle mass (%MM), metabolic age (MA), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and visceral fat level (VFL) were used as input variables. BMI values were normal-weight although VFL was significantly higher in men (<0.001; η2 = 0.104). MA was positively correlated with BMR (0.81 [0.77, 0.85]; p < 0.01), BMI (0.87 [0.84, 0.90]; p < 0.01), and VFL (0.77 [0.72, 0.81]; p < 0.01). The hierarchical clustering analysis revealed two significantly different age-independent profiles: Cluster 1 (n = 265), applicants of both sexes that were shorter, lighter, with lower adiposity and higher lean mass; and, Cluster 2 (n = 62), a group of overweight male applicants with higher VFL, taller, with lower %MM and estimated energy expended at rest. We identified two profiles that might help universities, counselors and teachers/lecturers to identify applicants in which is necessary to increase physical activity levels and improve dietary habits.
Optimizing Access to the COVID-19 Vaccination for People Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Currie Jane , Hollingdrake Olivia , Grech Elizabeth , McEnroe Georgia , McWilliams Lucy , Le Lievre Dominic
Published: November 2022

The success of the Australian COVID-19 vaccination strategy rested on access to primary healthcare. People experiencing or at risk of homelessness are less likely to access primary healthcare services. Therefore, leaders in homeless health service delivery in Sydney identified the need to develop a vaccine hub specifically for this vulnerable population. The aim of this study was to develop an evidenced based model of care to underpin the Vaccine Hub and optimize access to vaccination for people experiencing or at risk of homelessness. A mixed methods study was conducted that included interviews with key stakeholders involved in establishing and delivering the Inner City COVID-19 Vaccine Hub, and a survey with people receiving COVID-19 vaccination. Over the 6-month period of this study, 4305 COVID-19 vaccinations were administered. Participants receiving vaccination reported feeling safe in the Vaccine Hub and would recommend it to others. Stakeholders paid tribute to the collective teamwork of the Vaccine Hub, the collaboration between services, the ‘no wrong door’ approach to increasing access and the joy of being able to support such a vulnerable population in challenging times. The study findings have been populated into a Vaccination Hub Blueprint document that can be used as a template for others to improve access to vaccinations for vulnerable populations.
Effect of Persulfate Activation by Electrogenerated H2O2 and Anodic Oxidation on the Color Removal of Dye Solutions at Pt and BDD Anodes
Authors: Yao Yifan , Zhu Kai , Liu Yucan , Liu Qianjin , Huang Lihua
Published: November 2022

In this study, tartrazine solutions were oxidized using innovative electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) that combined persulfate (PS) activation with electrogenerated H2O2, cathodic reduction and anodic oxidation at Pt and BDD anodes, and graphite cathode in an undivided stirred reactor. For the Pt anode, SO4·− was generated from a reduction reaction at the cathode and a reaction between the PS and electrogenerated H2O2. For the BDD anode, SO4·− was generated from a reduction reaction at the cathode, an oxidation reaction at the anode, and a reaction between PS and electrogenerated H2O2. Among these activation methods, the activation efficiency of PS by electrogenerated H2O2 is much better than other methods. The effects of PS concentration up to 36 mM, applied current density between 6 to 15 mA cm−2, and temperatures between 25 to 45 °C were investigated. For the electro-Fenton process with Pt anode (Pt-H2O2/PS process), the best result for oxidizing 250 mg L−1 tartrazine solution was obtained with 37.5 mM Na2SO4 + 9.0 mM Na2S2O8, applied current density at 12 mA cm−2 and 45 °C, acquiring total color removal after 30 min reaction. For the electro-Fenton process with BDD anode (BDD-H2O2/PS process), the best result for oxidizing 250 mg L−1 tartrazine solution was obtained with 25 mM Na2SO4 + 18 mM Na2S2O8, applied current density at 12 mA cm−2 and 45 °C, yielding 100% color removal after 30 min reaction. The main oxidizing agents are SO4·− and OH· in the anodic oxidation process with PS and the electro-Fenton process with PS. It is concluded that the additions of PS tremendously improve the oxidation power of electro-Fenton processes with PS, especially the Pt-H2O2/PS process.
Association between the Duration of the Active Commuting to and from School, and Cognitive Performance in Urban Portuguese Adolescents
Authors: Rodrigues Ana , Antunes Hélio , Alves Ricardo , Correia Ana , Lopes Helder , Sabino Bebiana , Marques Adilson , Ihle Andreas , Gouveia Élvio
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to analyze the differences between active commuting to school (ACS) and non-ACS in cognitive performance (CP), and the association of ACS duration with CP. This cross-sectional study included 370 adolescents (males n = 170), with a mean age of 15.28 ± 2.25 years. CP was assessed through an interview, and ACS, extracurricular physical activity, and socioeconomic status was assessed by self-report. Body composition was assessed using the FitnessGram test battery. One in two adolescents did ACS (51.6%). ACS was associated with boys (53.9%), younger adolescents (14.91 ± 2.15 vs. 15.69 ± 2.29), those having school social support (55.0%), and those doing one or more extracurricular physical activities (53.6%), compared to non-ACS participants (p < 0.05). The analysis of covariance, after controlling for age, sex, school social support, and participation in extracurricular physical activity, showed an effect of ACS on the total cognitive score (F(2,362) = 3.304, p < 0.05). The CP was higher in adolescents with more than 30 min of ACS than non-ACS (p < 0.05). The influence of ACS duration can be seen in the dimensions of inductive reasoning (ß = 0.134, t = 2.587, p < 0.05) and working memory (ß = 0.130, t = 2.525, p < 0.05). The role of ACS for CP, as well as guidelines for future research, are discussed.
Nine-Year Epidemiological Data on the Incidence of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Poland—A Literature Review for the 2012–2021 Period
Authors: Modrzejewska Monika , Bosy Wiktoria
Published: November 2022

Background: The epidemiology of retinopathy of premature infants (ROP) in Poland is a topic rarely discussed in the literature. Single publications (Pubmed) concern only specific regions of Poland and date back to 2000–2006, which prompted the authors to update Polish epidemiological data. Methods: Data from the 2012–2021 screening tests were analyzed for: diagnosis of ROP, severe ROP and the percentage of ROP undergoing treatment (laser-diode, anti-VEGF, and complications such as retinal detachment). The Polish results were compared with the available data from Europe in the same period. Results: The analysis of the GOCC data confirmed that the prevalence of ROP in Poland for 2016–2019 was 15.1%; in 2012–2021 (15.6%). Polish epidemiological data shows a lower percentage of ROP diagnosis compared to other European countries (15.6% vs. 23.8% in Portugal, 28.3% in the Netherlands, 25.1% in Genoa, Italy, 38% in Florence, Italy). Conclusions: In order to obtain and create an epidemiological database, it is important to undertake activities aimed at a detailed verification of the analyzed parameters and the collection of similar or the same data from all centers in Poland. There is no economic data available on the cost of caring for a child with ROP.
The Validity of Benchmark Dose Limit Analysis for Estimating Permissible Accumulation of Cadmium
Authors: Satarug Soisungwan , Vesey David A. , Gobe Glenda C. , Đorđević Aleksandra
Published: November 2022

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal pollutant that accumulates, especially in the proximal tubular epithelial cells of kidneys, where it causes tubular cell injury, cell death and a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Diet is the main Cd exposure source in non-occupationally exposed and non-smoking populations. The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability of a tolerable Cd intake of 0.83 μg/kg body weight/day, and its corresponding toxicity threshold level of 5.24 μg/g creatinine. The PROAST software was used to calculate the lower 95% confidence bound of the benchmark dose (BMDL) values of Cd excretion (ECd) associated with injury to kidney tubular cells, a defective tubular reabsorption of filtered proteins, and a reduction in the estimated GFR (eGFR). Data were from 289 males and 445 females, mean age of 48.1 years of which 42.8% were smokers, while 31.7% had hypertension, and 9% had chronic kidney disease (CKD). The BMDL value of ECd associated with kidney tubular cell injury was 0.67 ng/L of filtrate in both men and women. Therefore, an environmental Cd exposure producing ECd of 0.67 ng/L filtrate could be considered as Cd accumulation levels below which renal effects are likely to be negligible. A reduction in eGFR and CKD may follow when ECd rises from 0.67 to 1 ng/L of filtrate. These adverse health effects occur at the body burdens lower than those associated with ECd of 5.24 µg/g creatinine, thereby arguing that current health-guiding values do not provide a sufficient health protection.
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Function in People with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhang Shiyan , Zhen Kai , Su Qing , Chen Yiyan , Lv Yuanyuan , Yu Laikang
Published: November 2022

A growing body of research has examined the effect of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in people with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), but the findings of the available studies were conflicting. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in AD patients. Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases from the inception of indexing until 12 November 2021. Cochrane risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included literature. From 1942 search records initially identified, 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were considered eligible for systematic review and meta-analysis. Included studies involved 503 participants in 16 exercise groups (mean age: 69.2–84 years) and 406 participants (mean age: 68.9–84 years) in 15 control groups. There was a significant effect of aerobic exercise on increasing mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score in AD patients [weighted mean difference (WMD), 1.50 (95% CI, 0.55 to 2.45), p = 0.002]. Subgroup analyses showed that interventions conducted 30 min per session [WMD, 2.52 (95% CI, 0.84 to 4.20), p = 0.003], less than 150 min per week [WMD, 2.10 (95% CI, 0.84 to 3.37), p = 0.001], and up to three times per week [WMD, 1.68 (95% CI, 0.46 to 2.89), p = 0.007] increased MMSE score significantly. In addition, a worse basal cognitive status was associated with greater improvement in MMSE score. Our analysis indicated that aerobic exercise, especially conducted 30 min per session, less than 150 min per week, and up to three times per week, contributed to improving cognitive function in AD patients. Additionally, a worse basal cognitive status contributed to more significant improvements in cognitive function.
Work and Family Pathways and Their Associations with Health for Young Women in Korea
Authors: Kim Yujin , Woo Hyeyoung , Han Sinn Won
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study is two-fold: to discern patterns in pathways of work and family transitions among young women (aged 24–39 years) whose decisions and behaviors toward labor force participation, marriage, and parenthood are considerably shaped by social constraints and gender norms; and to examine whether and to what extent work and family pathways are associated with later health. Using data from a longitudinal survey based on a large sample of adult women in Korea (N = 2418), we identified eight dominant pathways of employment, marriage, and parenthood among young women and found that educational attainment and family values are strong predictors of these work–family pathways. We also found that the timing and sequencing of work–family pathways appears to be associated with later health outcomes. In particular, unemployed women who are not married and do not have children seem to be vulnerable to health problems, compared to those with other pathways. We discuss the implications of our findings regarding the occurrence of work and/or family transitions, as well as their timing and sequencing for women’s health in later life.
Impact of Urban Residents’ Environmental Cognition on Voluntary Carbon-Reduction Behavior: The Mediating Role of Environmental Emotion
Authors: Yue Ting , Wang Qianru , Long Ruyin , Chen Hong , Li Mengting , Liu Haiwen
Published: November 2022

Urban residents play an essential role in the carbon-reduction process, and it is significant to effectively guide them to reduce carbon voluntarily to achieve the “double carbon” target. In this study, a model was developed to investigate the influence of the environmental cognition (EC), environmental emotion (EE), and voluntary carbon-reduction behavior (VCB) of urban residents. Based on a sample of 978 urban residents in Jiangsu province, we used a multiple regression analysis to investigate the mechanisms of EC and EE on VCB. The results showed that: (1) both EC and EE positively affected residents’ VCB, and EC had a higher impact than EE; (2) the three dimensions of EC (cognition for carbon-reduction knowledge, cognition for environmental issues, and cognition for individual responsibility) and the two dimensions of EE (positive environmental emotion and negative environmental emotion) all had a significant positive effect on voluntary carbon-reduction behavior; and (3) EE played a partial mediating role in the relationship between EC and VCB, and there was no significant difference in the strength of the mediating effect between positive and negative environmental emotion. In conclusion, raising environmental awareness and stimulating environmental emotion have the potential to promote voluntary carbon-reduction behavior among residents.
The Impact of Controlled Physical Training with Hydrotherapy on Changes in Swelling and Claudication Distance in Patients with Atherosclerotic Ischemia of the Lower Limbs
Authors: Kapusta Joanna , Irzmański Robert
Published: November 2022

Background: Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) often experience intermittent claudication. It is manifested by pain typically seen in the distal part of the legs during walking, which impairs the ability to walk, limits physical activity and results in lower health-related quality of life. It often leads to chronic ischemic pain, ulceration and even amputation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of controlled physical training and whirlpool massage on changes in circuits, range of motion and distance of claudication in people with atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower limbs. Material and methods: The study included 100 patients, males and females aged 39 to 79 years, with peripheral circulation disorders of the lower limbs. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Group I (G) was treated with a series of 10 lower-limb whirling massages and took part in individually planned training, including breathing, relaxation and active free lower-limb exercises. Group II-control group (GC) took part only in individually planned training. Prior to the treatment procedures and after their completion, the ranges of movement of the ankle joint and the circumference of the lower limbs were measured and the corridor test (6MWT, six-minute walk test) was performed. Results: Statistically significant reduction in the circumference of the foot, ankle, calf and thigh in the G group was noticed. Both, in G and in GC group, a statistically significant increase in the range of dorsiflexion of the foot was found in comparison to the period before the procedures (p = 0.010; p = 0.006, respectively). There was also a statistically significant increase in the range of motion of the plantar flexion of the foot after the procedures in G (p = 0.007) and in GC (p = 0.048). Differences in the circumference of the lower limbs and the range of ankle joint movements between the study group and the control group before and after the therapy were not statistically significant. However, there was a statistically significant difference between these groups after the procedures in the 6-min walk test—significantly higher values of 6MWT were recorded in group G (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Individually planned training, supplemented with hydrotherapy as thermal therapy, has a beneficial effect on reducing swelling of the lower limbs, increasing the range of foot movements and extending the distance in the 6-min walk test.
How Do Environmental Regulations and Outward Foreign Direct Investment Impact the Green Total Factor Productivity in China? A Mediating Effect Test Based on Provincial Panel Data
Authors: Tang Decai , Shan Zhangming , He Junxia , Zhao Ziqian
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates the impact of two types of environmental regulations (ERs), command-and-control environmental regulation (CACER) and market-incentive environmental regulation (MIER), on green total factor productivity (GTFP) through outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in 30 provinces in China for the period of 2006–2019. The Global Malmquist–Luenberger (GML) Index based on non-radial directional distance function (NDDF) considering undesired outputs is used to measure GTFP growth at the provincial level. To explore the mediating effect of OFDI, the two-step econometric model and the non-linear mediating effect model are employed. The empirical results show that CACER has an inverted U-shaped impact on OFDI and a U-shaped impact on GTFP, while MIER has a linearly positive effect on OFDI and GTFP. The current intensity of CACER lies on the left side of the inflection point of the U-shaped curve. OFDI significantly positively influences the increase in GTFP and is a significant mediating variable in the relationship between ERs and GTFP. Moreover, the introduction of OFDI delays the appearance of the inflection point. Further analysis, taking into account the regional heterogeneity, indicates that the inverted U-shaped and U-shaped curve is still valid in the eastern and western area and that the mediating effect of OFDI on ERs in the western area is stronger than that in the eastern area. Based on these conclusions, policy implications are provided to improve GTFP in China.
Adolescents’ Nutrition: The Role of Health Literacy, Family and Socio-Demographic Variables
Authors: Delbosq Stefano , Velasco Veronica , Vercesi Cecilia ,   Gruppo Regionale HBSC Lombardia 2018, Vecchio Luca Piero
Published: November 2022

Adolescent obesity rates are increasing on an epidemic level and food intake is one of the most important causes of this condition. From an ecological perspective, food intake is, in turn, influenced by many factors that need to be considered. This study aims to evaluate the associations between socio-demographic factors (gender, family origin, socio-economic status, parent’s education level), which consist of social stratifiers, health literacy and family context, as independent variables, and food intake (consumption of fruits, vegetables, soft drinks and sweets and breakfast frequency) and outcomes (Body Mass Index category), as dependent variables. Data were retrieved from 2145 students (13 and 15 years old) from the Lombardy region (Italy) who participated in the 2018 edition of Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC). Six multiple binary logistic regression models were used in this study. Fruit, vegetable and soft drinks consumption models were related to all three-factor levels. Breakfast consumption frequency was associated with socio-demographic variables. BMI category was associated with socio-demographic and family variables. The results confirmed the existence of social inequalities, the importance of health literacy in predicting healthy behaviours and the relevance of the family context. The study confirms the importance of the ecological approach to understanding food intake and overweight/obesity status in adolescents.
Current Evidence on the Association of Micronutrient Malnutrition with Mild Cognitive Impairment, Frailty, and Cognitive Frailty among Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mustafa Khalid Norhayati , Haron Hasnah , Shahar Suzana , Fenech Michael
Published: November 2022

Micronutrient malnutrition is thought to play an important role in the cause of cognitive impairment and physical frailty. The purpose of this scoping review was to map current evidence on the association between micronutrient deficiency in blood and mild cognitive impairment, frailty, and cognitive frailty among older adults. The scoping review was conducted based on the 2005 methodological framework by Arksey and O’Malley. The search strategy for potential literature on micronutrient concentration in blood and cognitive frailty was retrieved based on the keywords using electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Ovid, and Science Direct) from January 2010 to December 2021. Gray literature was also included in the searches. A total of 4310 articles were retrieved and 43 articles were incorporated in the review. Findings revealed a trend of significant association between low levels of B vitamins (folate and vitamin B12), vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, omega 3 fatty acid, and albumin, and high homocysteine levels in blood with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment among older adults. The results also indicated that low vitamin D levels, albumin, and antioxidants (lutein and zeaxanthin) in blood were significantly associated with frailty among older adults, while β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin in blood were inversely associated with the risk of cognitive frailty. Vitamin D and antioxidants seemed to be targeted nutrients for the prevention of cognitive frailty. In conclusion, a wide range of micronutrient deficiency was associated with either mild cognitive impairment or frailty; however, little evidence exists on the dual impairment, i.e., cognitive frailty. This scoping review can serve as preliminary evidence for the association between micronutrient deficiency in blood and mild cognitive impairment, frailty, and cognitive frailty among older adults and prove the relevancy of the topic for future systematic reviews.
Landscape Analysis of Public Health Jobs in India to Develop an Evidence-Based Public Health Curriculum
Authors: Joshi Ashish , Bhatt Ashruti , Kaur Mahima , Grover Ashoo
Published: November 2022

The increase in communicable and non-communicable disease incidence and prevalence, changing population demographics, along with concerns about pandemics, natural disasters, and wars, have highlighted the challenges faced by health systems. The study aims to identify data on publicly posted public health jobs available to applicants eligible to work in India to identify the public health and allied fields workforce needs, skills, and expertise in India. A cross-sectional study was done in June–July 2021. The data was collected from eleven common job portals in India. Descriptive and content analysis was done to identify the most common job titles, educational level preferred/desired, skills, and experience required in the public health jobs in India. In total 382 unique public health and related fields jobs were analyzed. Job postings were most commonly classified as manager (n = 68), officer/lead (n = 61), analyst (n = 49), and consultant (n = 44). Around one-fifth of the jobs were based in Delhi (n = 98, 24%). About a quarter of the job postings required more than 8 years of experience (26%, n = 100). More than half of the job postings mentioned having the knowledge and understanding of data analysis and statistical approaches (n = 116, 64%). Around 15% (n = 193) of the job posting wanted the candidate to have expertise in communication. Skills were classified into various types such as software, technical, and language. Timely assessment of the curriculum should be done to impart skills related to the needs of the employers and prepare a skilled and competent public health workforce to address the 21st century public health challenges.
Prevalence and Patterns of Traumatic Dental Injuries in the Permanent Dentition: A Three-Year Retrospective Overview Study at the University Dental Clinic of Vienna
Authors: Lembacher Sophie , Schneider Steffen , Lettner Stefan , Bekes Katrin
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the prevalence and patterns of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in permanent teeth at the University Dental Clinic of Vienna and examine influential variables. The study included all patients with dental trauma in permanent teeth who presented at the University Dental Clinic of Vienna (Austria) between 2014 and 2016. Dental records, including age, gender, location of trauma, type of trauma, cause of TDI, and location of the traumatic incident, were obtained. Clinical oral and radiographic examinations were conducted in accordance with the current guidelines of the German Society of Dental, Oral, and Craniomandibular Sciences (DGZMK). The sample comprised 1132 permanent teeth of 578 patients with TDIs. The most frequently injured teeth were upper central incisors (n = 719, 63.5%), followed by upper lateral incisors (n = 231, 20.4%). Fractures were the most frequent injury type (53%, n = 596). TDIs mostly occur due to falling accidents. The majority of traumatic incidents occurred at home (79.4%, n = 459). The injury characteristics are comparable to the results of other international studies. Due to the high prevalence of TDIs in dental medicine, dental practitioners should be equipped to effectively manage their immediate care and treat potential long-term complications.
The Impact of Extreme Temperature Shocks on the Health Status of the Elderly in China
Authors: Chen Yanran , Qin Xuezheng
Published: November 2022

With the accelerating process of climate change, long-term exposure to extreme temperatures could threaten individuals’ physical health, especially for the vulnerable population. This paper aims to investigate the long-term effects of extreme temperature exposure on the health of the elderly in the context of climate change and aging. Different from most of the existing literature in environmental economics, we define the relative extreme temperature exposure based on the local temperature pattern. By combining a large national household survey and nationwide meteorologic historical data, this study provides empirical evidence that heat exposure days and cold exposure days during the past year both significantly affect the physical health of middle-aged and elderly groups, controlling for city, year, and individual fixed effects. The effect on individual physical health has certain seasonal characteristics and is heterogeneous across populations. Additionally, cooling and heating equipment are effective in alleviating the reverse impact of heat and cold exposure. The estimation is robust and consistent across a variety of temperature measurements and model modifications. Our findings provide evidence of the long-term and accumulative cost of extreme temperature to middle-aged and elderly human capital, contributing to helping the public to better understand the full impact of climate change.
How Conditions and Resources Connected to Digital Management Systems and Remote Work Are Associated with Sustainable Work
Authors: Eriksson Andrea , Dellve Lotta , Williamsson Anna , Skagert Katrin
Published: November 2022

The current state of work–life transformation will see more white-collar work being performed remotely using digital management systems. There is, however, a lack of research on factors and resources contributing to sustainable work when working remotely using digital management systems. The aim of this study was to study the conditions and resources connected to digital management systems and remote work, and their associations with sustainable work, in terms of process quality, trust, and sense of coherence, when working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. An analytical cross-sectional study was performed. Questionnaire data from white-collar employees (n = 484) in two private companies were analyzed with regression models, focusing on the importance of the conditions and resources connected to digital management systems and remote work, stratified by working from home or at the office. The results showed digital conditions and resources being associated with indicators of sustainable work. Furthermore, the results showed that social work relations were additional important explanatory factors for sustainable remote work. This study contributes to the development of a new post-pandemic work–life balance by concluding that sustainable remote work needs to be ensured by functional digital management systems and adequate leadership supporting the development of a positive team and learning climate.
Mental Health Training, Attitudes toward Support, and Screening Positive for Mental Disorders among Canadian Coast Guard and Conservation and Protection Officers
Authors: Andrews Katie L. , Jamshidi Laleh , Nisbet Jolan , Teckchandani Taylor A. , Price Jill A. B. , Ricciardelli Rosemary , Anderson Gregory S. , Carleton R. Nicholas
Published: November 2022

Public Safety Personnel (PSP) including members of the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) and Conservation and Protection (C&P) officers, are regularly exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs) and other occupational stressors. Several mental health training programs (e.g., critical incident stress management [CISM], critical incident stress debriefing [CISD], peer support, mental health first aid, Road to Mental Readiness [R2MR]) exist as efforts to minimize the impact of exposures. To help inform on the impact of several categories of mental health training programs (i.e., CISM, CISD, mental health first aid, Peer Support, R2MR) for improving attitudes toward support and willingness to access supports among CCG and C&P officers, the current study assessed CCG and C&P Officers perceptions of access to professional (i.e., physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, employee assistance programs, chaplains) and non-professional (i.e., spouse, friends, colleagues, leadership) support, and associations between training and mental health. Participants (n = 341; 58.4% male) completed an online survey assessing perceptions of support, experience with mental health training and symptoms of mental health disorders. CCG and C&P Officers reported access to professional and non-professional support; however, most indicated they would first access a spouse (73.8%), a friend (64.7%), or a physician (52.9%). Many participants would never, or only as a last resort, access other professional supports (24.0% to 47.9%), a CCG or C&P colleague (67.5%), or their leadership (75.7%). Participants who received any mental health training reported a lower prevalence of positive screens for all mental health disorders compared to those who did not received training; but no statistically significant associations were observed between mental health training categories and decreased odds for screening positive for mental disorders. The current results suggest that the mental health training categories yield comparable results; nevertheless, further research is needed to assess the shared and unique content across each training program. The results highlight the need to increase willingness to access professional and non-professional support among CCG and C&P Officers. Revisions to training programs for leadership and colleagues to reduce stigma around mental health challenges and support for PSP spouses, friends, and physicians may be beneficial.
Breastfeeding and Obstetric Violence during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Spain: Maternal Perceptions
Authors: Mena-Tudela Desirée , Iglesias-Casas Susana , Cervera-Gasch Agueda , Andreu-Pejó Laura , González-Chordá Victor Manuel , Valero-Chillerón María Jesús
Published: November 2022

Catalan legislation, a pioneer in Europe, has defined obstetric violence (OV) as “preventing or hindering access to truthful information, necessary for autonomous and informed decision-making”. The definition also states that OV can affect physical and mental health, as well as sexual and reproductive health. Some authors have expressed concern about an increase in OV during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. During the pandemic, recommendations were also openly offered on the non-establishment and/or early abandonment of breastfeeding without scientific evidence to support them. Experiencing a traumatic childbirth can influence breastfeeding outcomes. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study using a self-administered online questionnaire. The sample consisted of women who gave birth in Spain between March 2020 and April 2021. The mean age was 34.41 (±4.23) years. Of the women, 73% were employed, 78.2% had a university education, and almost all were Caucasian. Among the subjects, 3.3% were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and 1% were diagnosed during delivery. Some of the women (1.6%) were advised to stop breastfeeding in order to be vaccinated. Women diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 during delivery (p = 0.048), belonging to a low social class (p = 0.031), with secondary education (p = 0.029), or who suffered obstetric violence (p < 0.001) perceived less support and that the health care providers were less inclined to resolve doubts and difficulties about breastfeeding. Breastfeeding has been significantly challenged during the pandemic. In addition to all the variables to be considered that make breastfeeding support difficult, we now probably need to add SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and OV.