bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laligurans (Rhododendron arboreum) Enhances Growth, Enzyme Profiles, and Immune Response of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val. 1844)
Authors: Jha Anil Kumar , Khalid Monowar Alam , Labh Shyam Narayan
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates the effects of Laligurans (Rhododendron arboreum) flowers on the growth performance and health parameters of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Known for their anti‐inflammatory properties and medicinal uses, Laligurans flowers were incorporated into diets as an ethanol extract (LGE) and fine powder (LGP) to test their efficacy. A total of 630 grass carp fingerlings (3.07 ± 0.76 g to 3.95 ± 0.85 g) were randomly distributed into 21 nylon cages (1.5 m × 1 m × 2 m) placed in an earthen pond. Seven dietary treatments were administered: a control diet (T1) with standard commercial feed, LGE‐supplemented diets (T2, T3, T4, and T5) at 0.20%, 0.40%, 0.80%, and 1.60% inclusion levels, respectively, and LGP‐supplemented diets (T6 and T7) at 0.20% and 0.40%, respectively. Results demonstrated significant improvements (p < 0.05) in liver, kidney, and blood serum protein levels (total protein, albumin, globulin, and AG ratios) in treated groups compared to the control. Reductions in SGOT, SGPT, and ALP levels were observed in the liver and blood serum of treated groups, while control fish exhibited elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Fish fed LGE diets showed superior blood profiles compared to those receiving LGP. The T4 group (0.80% LGE) achieved the highest final weight gain, specific growth rate, and survival rate (p < 0.05), highlighting the potential of Laligurans flower extract as a natural immunological and growth‐enhancing supplement in aquaculture diets.
Evaluation of oxygenated and ozonated nanobubble water treatments for dollar spot suppression in seashore paspalum
Authors: Spratling Willis T. , Jespersen David , Waltz Clint , Martinez‐Espinoza Alfredo D. , Bahri Bochra A.
Published: December 2024

Dollar spot (caused by Clarireedia spp.) is the most commonly occurring turfgrass disease on golf courses in North America, and current disease control programs rely on frequent fungicide applications. The escalating occurrence of fungicide resistance in Clarireedia spp. populations, coupled with the reduction of the annual kilograms active ingredient applied per hectare for some fungicides, emphasizes the need for alternative management strategies. The use of oxygenated or ozonated water treatments has been effective as a component of an overall plant disease management strategy. In field and growth chamber‐controlled environment trials, the impacts of oxygenated and ozonated nanobubble water treatments were evaluated for turf quality and dollar spot control in seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz). Despite generating relatively high levels of dissolved oxygen (40 mg L−1) or ozone (ca. 8 mg L−1) in water treatments through nanobubble aeration in all trials, these treatments did not cause damage to seashore paspalum tissues, but were unsuccessful in controlling dollar spot. Additionally, tests comparing two different application methods (soil drench versus foliar spray) for all treatments suggested that the application method had no effect on treatment efficacy. Overall, oxygenated and ozonated nanobubble water treatments did not adversely affect seashore paspalum turf quality and were ineffective in suppressing dollar spot in field and growth chamber trials.
Cotton stalk management and a cover crop produce minimal effects on cotton leafroll dwarf virus
Authors: Frazier Samuel , Brown Steven M. , Read Quentin D. , Jacobson Alana L. , Conner Kassie , Escalante Cesar , Balkcom Kipling S.
Published: December 2024

In 2017, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) was first reported in the United States. One CLRDV inoculum source includes the previous year's cotton stalks; hence, destroying cotton stalks could be effective for CLRDV management. However, tillage‐intensive stalk destruction methods (SDMs) can degrade southeastern soils, but a cover crop may provide short‐term benefits and reduce CLRDV incidence. Therefore, we examined three SDMs (Tillage, Pull, Mow) across two cover crop levels (no cover and rye [Secale cereale L.]/clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.] mixture) and two cotton varieties to determine how cotton growth, soil penetration resistance (PR), and two CLRDV incidence sample times (pre‐harvest and post‐harvest) were affected across six environments during the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. None of the SDMs affected any factors examined in this experiment, except soil PR and cotton yield. The Pull and Mow SDMs both increased soil PR compared to the Tillage SDM. An 8% yield increase (Pull > Mow) was observed, but the Tillage SDM yield did not differ from Pull or Mow SDMs. The rye/clover mixture also increased soil PR. Although cotton stands were 15% greater with no cover crop, subsequent cotton yield and fiber quality were minimally affected by cover crops. The rye/clover mixture increased post‐harvest CLRDV incidence, and cotton yields were equal between cover crops. Pre‐harvest CLRDV incidence probability was 0.23, but post‐harvest CLRDV incidence probability was 0.71. Continuing to identify and evaluate cultural practices that reduce CLRDV incidence is imperative to prevent negative impacts.
Type 2 biomarkers in olfactory cleft mucus correlate with SNOT‐22 in chronic rhinosinusitis independent of nasal polyp status
Authors: Chapurin Nikita , Soler Zachary M. , Khan Sofia , Mulligan Jennifer K. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Mace Jess C. , Smith Timothy L. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Mattos Jose L. , Rathi Vinay K. , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: December 2024

Background

Quantitative mucus cytokine analysis to examine the sinonasal microenvironment may bridge the gap between patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) and empirical measures of inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Objective

Investigate the correlation between mucus cytokine levels and Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores, including individual subdomains.

Methods

Patients with CRS were prospectively recruited between 2016 and 2021 into a multi‐institutional observational study. Mucus was collected from the olfactory cleft and evaluated for mucus cytokine biomarkers. Spearman correlations (ρ) between cytokine levels and SNOT‐22 scores, including individual subdomains, Lund–Mackay (LM) CT and Lund–Kennedy (LK) endoscopy scores were assessed. Subgroup analysis based on nasal polyp status (CRSsNP—without nasal polyps; CRSwNP—with nasal polyps) was also performed. Linear regression was employed to identify multivariate associations between cytokine expression levels, clinical covariates, and SNOT‐22 total and domain scores.

Results

A total of 127 patients were included in the study (CRSsNP = 53, CRSwNP = 74). IL‐9 (ρ = 0.196, p < 0.05) was the only biomarker that correlated with the SNOT‐22 total score. CRSwNP patients had a higher absolute expression level of Type 2 biomarkers (IgE, IL‐5, and IL‐13), compared to CRSsNP patients. IgE, IL‐5, IL‐9, and IL‐13 significantly correlated with the SNOT‐22 rhinologic subdomain scores (p < 0.001), LM scores, and patient reported sense of smell (Question 21). Notably, subgroup analysis showed that CRSsNP patients also demonstrated significant correlations between Type 2 markers (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐9, and IL‐13) and SNOT‐22 rhinologic subdomain scores.

Conclusion

Type 2 mucus cytokine levels, especially IL‐9, correlate with SNOT‐22, and the rhinologic SNOT‐22 subdomain scores for both CRSsNP and CRSwNP patients.
Applying recommendations for diagnostic disclosure of mild cognitive impairment and dementia: Practical guidance for clinicians
Authors: O'Brien Kyra , Largent Emily A. , Karlawish Jason
Published: December 2024

A comprehensive evaluation for cognitive impairment should culminate with the communication of the diagnosis to patients and their care partners. This diagnostic disclosure sets the stage for subsequent care. Diagnostic disclosure for individuals with cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or AD‐related dementias (ADRD) is particularly nuanced and requires a conscientious approach. Clinicians must assess patients’ understanding and appreciation of symptoms, goals for the evaluation, and desire for information. Because AD/ADRD can impact patients’ perceptions of their symptoms, it is recommended to include an informant or care partner for this assessment and for future care. Here, we provide guidance for addressing the complexities of AD/ADRD diagnostic disclosure to build clinicians’ confidence in communicating diagnostic findings and a plan of care.

Highlights

Diagnostic disclosure is a key part of the evaluation of cognitive impairment.

The disclosure process begins at the moment a cognitive evaluation is initiated.

Care partners must be included in the cognitive evaluation and diagnostic disclosure.

Clinicians should use patient‐centered communication for evaluation and disclosure.
Rapid Na+ Transport Pathway and Stable Interface Design Enabling Ultralong Life Solid‐State Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Su Chang , Qu Yunpeng , Hu Naiwen , Wang Lin , Song Zihui , Pei Mengfan , Mao Runyue , Jin Xin , Liu Dongming , Jian Xigao , Hu Fangyuan
Published: December 2024

Sodium‐metal batteries (SMBs) using solid‐state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) show impressive superiority in energy density and safety. As promising candidates for SPEs, solid‐state plastic crystal electrolytes (SPCE) based on succinonitrile (SN) plastic crystal could achieve high ion conductivity and wide voltage window. Nonetheless, the notorious SN decomposition reaction on the electrode/electrolyte interface seriously challenges the stable operation of the battery. To address this drawback, we commence with the structural engineering of the polymer chain segments in SPCE and employ intermolecular interactions to optimize the composition of solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Moreover, this study emphasizes the importance of polymer network design in optimizing the migration behavior of sodium ions in SPCE. The assembled sodium symmetric cells display a high critical current density of up to 2.7 mA cm−2 and stable cycling performance for 700 hours at 0.5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the Na/SPCE‐9/Na3V2(PO4)3 maintains a discharge specific capacity of up to 76.8 mAh g−1 at 10 C and shows impressive long‐cycle stability, retaining 86.2 % of initial capacity over 5000 cycles with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.9 %. Our work presents a high‐performance SPCE with intrinsic safety, providing valuable insights for the future design of solid‐state SMBs.
Phänomik‐basierte Entdeckung neuer orthosterischer Cholinkinase Inhibitoren
Authors: Bauer Ludwig G. , Ward Jennifer A. , Díaz‐Sáez Laura , Sundström Yvonne , Tolvanen Tuomas , Alarcón Barrera Juan Carlos , Kostidis Sarantos , Rogers Catherine M. , Panagakou Ioanna , Singh Usha , Rothweiler Elisabeth M. , Gonzalez Orta Alejandro , Kaniskan H. Ümit , Hu Jianping , Jin Jian , Sievers Sonja , Waldmann Herbert , Giera Martin , Sundström Michael , Berg Louise , Huber Kilian V. M.
Published: December 2024

Cholinkinase alpha (CHKA) ist ein zentraler Signalgeber innerhalb des Zellstoffwechsels, der mit Krebs und der Immunregulation in Verbindung gebracht wird. Die zelluläre und klinische Bewertung von CHKA als Zielstruktur für Wirkstoffe wurde bisher durch Herausforderungen bei der Entwicklung von arzneimittelähnlichen Cholinkinasehemmstoffen behindert. In der vorliegenden Studie zeigen wir mihilfe eines integrierten phänomischen Ansatzes, dass CHKA ein unerwartetes Off‐Target von Histonmethyltransferasehemmstoffen ist. Wir identifizieren CHKA als direkte Proteinzielstruktur der Aminochinazoline UNC0638 und UNC0737 durch eine Kombination von chemoproteomischen, biochemischen, zellulären und metabolischen Analysen. Diese Entdeckung erklärt möglicherweise die zuvor berichteten Diskrepanzen, die für unterschiedliche G9a/GLP‐Hemmstoffgerüste in zellulären Versuchen beobachtet wurden. Unter Verwendung von primären menschlichen Zellmodellsystemen weisen wir nach, dass die pharmakologische Beeinflussung von CHKA die IgG‐Freisetzung und die B‐Zell‐Reifung beeinträchtigt, im Einklang mit der These, dass der Cholin‐Stoffwechsel eine wichtige Rolle bei der Signalgebung des Immunsystems spielt. Die Kristallstrukturen von UNC0638 und UNC0737 im Komplex mit CHKA offenbaren einen unerwarteten Bindungsmodus und deuten darauf hin, dass diese Hemmstoffe als attraktive Ausgangspunkte für die Entwicklung selektiver chemischer Sonden zur weiteren Erforschung der biologischen Rolle von CHKA im Krebs‐ und Immunstoffwechsel genutzt werden können.
La3+ Doped Nickel‐Manganese Oxide as High‐Capacity Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries Guided by Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Feng Jie , Liu Dapeng , Sun Jin , Gong Xiangrui , You Tingting , Jiang Ying , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2024

In sodium‐ion batteries, the layered transition metal oxides used as cathode often experience interlayer sliding of interlayer spacing and lattice variations during charge/discharge, leading to structural damage and capacity degradation. To address this challenge, a La3+ doping strategy guided by Bayesian optimization has been employed to prepare the high‐performance O3‐NaNi0.39Mn0.50Cu0.06La0.05O2 (NMCL) cathode material. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the O 2p orbital overlaps with the t2g orbital of transition metals in NMCL, facilitating the formation of Na−O−La bonds and promoting the oxygen redox reaction kinetics. During the Na+ (de)intercalation process, NMCL exhibits significant negative lattice expansion, characterized by an increase in the c lattice parameter and exceptionally low volume expansion of 1.8 % and 3.1 %, respectively. Consequently, it delivers an excellent specific capacity of 243.3 mAh g−1 over a wide voltage range of 2.0 V to 4.5 V, which can be attributed to La3+ doping that promotes oxidation of O2− to peroxide O2n− (n<2) during charge.
Cascade Selenization Regulated the Electronic Structure and Interface Effect of Transition Metal Sulfides for Enhanced Sodium Storage
Authors: Feng Ting , Wang Fang , Sun Zixu , Guo Fangya , Xiong Yi , Ren Fengzhang , Tang Chunjuan , Li Jili , Kun Liu Hua , Xue Dou Shi
Published: December 2024

The utilization of cobalt‐based sulfides is constrained by their inherently low conductivity and slow sodium ion diffusion kinetics. Modifying the electronic configuration and constructing heterostructures are promising strategies to enhance intrinsic conductivity and expedite the sodium ion diffusion process. In this study, heterogeneous nanoparticles of Se‐substituted CoS2/CoSe2, embedded within heteroatom‐modified carbon nanosheet, were synthesized using metal molten salt‐assisted dimensionality reduction alongside concurrent sulfurization and selenization techniques. The incorporation of Se into CoS2 markedly enhances its intrinsic conductivity, thereby significantly improving its rate performance. The elongated Co−S bonds and the formation of CoSe2 species contribute to the acceleration of dynamics and facilitate the construction of the CoS2/CoSe2 heterointerface. In situ Raman spectroscopy, in conjunction with theoretical calculations, has elucidated the sodium storage mechanism of the Se−CoS2/CoSe2 and the underlying factors contributing to its enhanced performance. The synergistic effects of interface engineering and electronic structure engineering, have resulted in the optimized Se−CoS2/CoSe2 demonstrating exceptional rate performance, achieving 442 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1, and a prolonged cycle lifespan, maintaining 409.3 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 over 2100 cycles and 262.5 mAh g−1 after 7000 cycles at 10 A g−1. This study presents a viable strategy for integrating electronic structure engineering with interface engineering.
In‐Situ Cross‐Linked Polymers for Enhanced Thermal Cycling Stability in Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Zhihao , Jia Chunmei , Wu Hongzhuo , Tang Ying , Zhao Jinbo , Su Zhenhuang , Gao Xingyu , Qiu Shuai , Yuan Hongxing , Li Meng
Published: December 2024

Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) are a promising emerging photovoltaic technology, with certified power conversion efficiencies reaching 24.9 %. However, the frequent occurrence of grain fractures and interface delamination raises concerns about their ability to endure the mechanical stresses caused by temperature fluctuations. In this study, we employ an in situ polymerization molecule with extended functional end groups to preserve mechanical integrity during thermal cycling. The AMPS‐DEA molecule chemically anchors to grain boundaries and cross‐links neighboring grains, protecting the structure from stress accumulation. Additionally, its hydroxyl groups form bidentate chelation with SnO2, enhancing interfacial adhesion and preventing delamination. More importantly, the relaxed residual stress provided by AMPS‐DEA allows the perovskite layer to adapt to temperature changes, effectively matching adjacent layers and preventing mechanical failure. Our findings demonstrate that AMPS‐DEA modification not only boosts PCE to 25.78 % in rigid PSCs and 24.54 % in flexible PSCs but also improves stability, maintaining over 95 % efficiency after 10,000 bending cycles and 200 thermal cycles.
A Bifunctional Imidazolyl Iodide Mediator of Electrolyte Boosts Cathode Kinetics and Anode Stability Towards Low Overpotential and Long‐Life Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Liu Jing , Li Yuejiao , Ding Yajun , Wu Lisha , Qin Jieqiong , Chen Tongle , Meng Caixia , Zhou Feng , Ma Xiangkun , Wu Zhong‐Shuai
Published: December 2024

The addition of a redox mediator as soluble catalyst into electrolyte can effectively overcome the bottlenecks of poor energy efficiency and limited cyclability for Li‐O2 batteries caused by passivation of insulating discharge products and unfavorable byproducts. Herein we report a novel soluble catalyst of bifunctional imidazolyl iodide salt additive, 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium iodide (DMII), to successfully construct highly efficient and durable Li‐O2 batteries. The anion I− can effectively promote the charge transport of Li2O2 and accelerate the redox kinetics of oxygen reduction/oxygen evolution reactions on the cathode side, thereby significantly decreasing the charge/discharge overpotential. Simultaneously, the cation DMI+ forms an ultrathin stably solid‐electrolyte interphase film on Li metal, greatly inhibiting the shuttle effect of I− and improving the stability of anode. Using this DMII additive, our Li‐O2 batteries achieve an extremely low voltage of 0.52 V and ultra‐long cycling stability over 960 h. Notably, up to 95.8 % of the Li2O2 yield further proves the reversible generation/decomposition of Li2O2 without the occurrence of side reactions. Both experimental and theoretical results disclose that DMII enables Li+ easily solvated, testifying the dominance of the solution‐induced reaction mechanism. This work provides the possibility to design the soluble catalysts towards high‐performance Li‐O2 batteries.
Engineering Lattice Dislocations of TiO2 Support of PdZn−ZnO Dual‐Site Catalysts to Boost CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Li Xiaoshen , Cheng Qingpeng , Zhang Yingtian , Liu Yunhao , Pan Yu , Zhao Dejian , Xiong Shaohui , Liu Wei , Jiang Xueyang , Yan Jiayan , Duan Xiang , Tian Ye , Li Xingang
Published: December 2024

CO2 hydrogenation to methanol using green hydrogen derived from renewable resources provides a promising method for sustainable carbon cycle but suffers from high selectivity towards byproduct CO. Here, we develop an efficient PdZn−ZnO/TiO2 catalyst by engineering lattice dislocation structures of TiO2 support. We discover that this modification orders irregularly arranged atoms in TiO2 to stabilize crystal lattice, and consequently weakens electronic interactions with supported active phases. It facilitates the transformation of metallic Pd into PdZn alloy, effectively suppressing CO production through inhibiting the reverse water‐gas shift reaction mediated by the carboxylate pathway on Pd0 sites. Moreover, it enables the efficient transfer of hydrogen species via hydrogen spillover from PdZn alloy to ZnO for compensating the poor hydrogen dissociation ability of ZnO, thereby creating both more oxygen vacancies essential for CO2 activation and a hydroxyl‐rich environment conducive to hydrogenation of intermediates. These collective modifications on PdZn−ZnO dual sites synergistically induce the propensity of the formate pathway for methanol synthesis. Consequently, compared to the unmodified catalyst, our as‐designed catalyst increases methanol selectivity from 64.2 to 80.0 %, reduces CO selectivity from 35.0 to 19.8 %, and achieves an impressive methanol space‐time yield of 9028.0 mgMeOH gPd+Zn−1 h−1 at a similar CO2 conversion (~8.0 %).
Preparation and Heat‐Setting of Warp‐Knitted Silk Patches for Soft Tissue Repairs
Authors: Yan Linya , Wang Jinfeng , Mao Ying , Zhao Hongshi , Chen Wenxing , Lu Wangyang
Published: December 2024

Currently, synthetic materials for soft tissue repair are non‐biodegradable and rigid, while biodegradable natural polymer materials exhibit low mechanical strength. This study focuses on creating biodegradable silk patches with superior mechanical properties using warp knitting. Four kinds of silk patches were made, degummed, and their structural parameters and mechanical properties were evaluated. An orthogonal experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of heat‐setting temperature and time on the patches' mechanical properties. The results show that the #D patch, with its moderate thickness and density, large and concentrated pores, high strength, and low elongation, closely resembles natural soft tissue. After heat setting at 120°C for 3 min, the mechanical properties significantly enhanced (up to 17.1%). The patch exhibited a longitudinal tensile strength of 276.81 N, transverse tensile strength of 330.73 N, burst strength of 1566.5 N, longitudinal tear strength of 307.33 N, transverse tear strength of 124.66 N, longitudinal suture pullout strength of 53.28 N, and transverse suture pullout strength of 73.89 N. This method of using warp knitting and digital weaving technology allows for the preparation of silk patches suitable for soft tissue repair, with high strength, stability, and porosity, making them ideal for tendon and rotator cuff repairs.
Enhancement of Composite Material Properties Based on Aggregate Network Modulation
Authors: Jiang Yifan , Zhou Fengli , Yong Zhanfu , Song Jianhui
Published: December 2024

Compounding technology and the theory of filled polymers have progressed substantially. Valuable insight from these developments is that carbon black‐filled wet rubber greatly enhances the filler's dispersion and dispersion state in the matrix. The enhanced dispersion noticeably improves the properties of the polymer. This paper systematically investigated the effects of silanization reactions on filler dispersion, interaction force, and aggregation networks. Their potential impact on polymers' properties was also evaluated. To this end, we evaluated the effects of different ratios of Si69 and silica fillers in wet and dry rubbers. For better characterization and utilization of the filler network structure, the filler–filler, filler–rubber, and rubber–rubber interactions were analyzed using the Mooney–Rivlin curve model. The results revealed that wet blending and silanization reactions primarily regulated the aggregate size and filler network strength. Increasing silica content improved the Payne effect. Notably, incorporating an appropriate filler content could effectively enhance rubber's physical and mechanical properties. This paper effectively optimized the structure and properties of filled polymers by controlling silanization reaction and applying wet mixing. This research contributes to the theoretical and experimental foundation of studies in relevant fields.
Nanophase Structure and Performances of Proton‐Exchange Membranes Based on Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Ionomer and Carboxylated Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)
Authors: Wang Wenshuo , Gao Shanshan , Yu Dayang , Pan Pengju , Bao Yongzhong
Published: December 2024

Proton‐exchange membranes (PEMs) with high proton conductivity and low methanol uptake would find potential application in direct methanol fuel cells. Herein, PEMs based on perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomer (PFSA) and carboxylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (CPVA) were prepared by in situ acetalization of poly(vinyl alcohol) with 4‐carboxybenzaldehyde and casting of PFSA/CPVA dispersions. Effects of acetalization degree of CPVA on the hydrogen‐bond action, phase structure, and properties of PEMs have been investigated. The water domains for proton conduction are formed mainly through the aggregation of sulfonic acid groups of PFSA, uncrosslinked remained hydroxyl, and additional carboxyl groups of CPVA, while the hydrophobic domains are formed through the aggregation of fluorocarbon chains of PFSA, PVA‐PVA hydrogen bonds, and actually acetalized CPVA units. PEM containing CPVA with an acetalization degree of 30% exhibits good comprehensive performances, that is, much lower methanol uptake, similar proton conductivity (150.4 mS cm−1 at 80°C and 100% relative humidity), and single‐cell performance (43.0 mW cm−2 at 80°C) to PFSA membrane. In addition to the competitive performances, the modified PEM exhibits reduced cost due to the incorporation of cheap PVA‐based polymer.
Spoken conversational search: Evaluating the effect of system clarifications on user experience through Wizard‐of‐Oz study
Authors: Ghosh Souvick , Shah Chirag
Published: December 2024

Prior research in human–computer interaction suggests that system‐level clarifications are necessary for understanding user intent and communicating effectively with the user. Such clarifications or explanations could contain the system's abstract knowledge of the search or a functional description of the search process (queries and information sources employed). While these interactions may aid the user and the agent in better understanding each other, very few studies have explored the influence of such clarifications on the users' search experience. This research examines whether and how system‐level clarifications (or explanations) affect the user experience when searching through spoken dialogues. We analyzed user satisfaction and preferences in systems with and without explicit clarifications in a within‐subjects Wizard‐of‐Oz user study. We recruited 25 participants and collected user–system interaction data for 50 search sessions. The user feedback was collected using pre‐ and post‐task surveys and exit interviews. Statistical and qualitative analysis of user responses yielded some interesting findings. While Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test found that using explicit system‐level clarifications had no positive influence on the user's search experience, the overall search experience degraded with system clarifications (Z = −2.066, p = 0.04). The user interview data provided valuable insights into how and when clarifications should be offered to the user.
Theoretical Understanding of Photoluminescence and Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields in a Few Halogenated Fluorescein Dyes
Authors: Mariya Tedy Annette , Manna Arun K
Published: December 2024

Visible‐light absorbing metal‐free organic dyes are of increasing demand for various optoelectronic applications because of their great structure‐function tunability through chemical means. Several dyes also show huge potential in triplet photosensitization, generating reactive singlet oxygen. Understanding the structure‐property relationships of many well‐known fluorescein dyes is of paramount importance in designing next‐generation energy efficient dyes, which is currently limited. For example, the role of heavy atoms in the excited‐state deactivations is not fully understood for these dyes. Herein, 9 halogenated (Cl, Br, I) fluorescein dyes with varied halogen concentrations and positions are studied using time‐dependent range‐separated hybrid combined with polarizable continuum model with water dielectric for accounting of polarization and screening effects. Excited state energies of these dyes and their deactivations via radiative and non‐radiative pathways are well described using 0–0 corrected excitation energies. Calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data. However, no systematic correlation is found between the heavy‐atom effect and calculated intersystem crossing/fluorescence rates. Not surprisingly, heavy‐atom effect is found to be more pronounced in iodinated dyes compared to their brominated analogues. Halogen position also plays a critical role in determining the excited‐state deactivation rates. All dyes show similar fluorescence rates of ~108 
. Whereas, the intersystem crossing rates are much smaller and vary from ~102 to 104 
. Nevertheless, lower fluorescence quantum yields for some dyes are attributed to the large internal conversion. Microscopic understanding on the excited‐state properties of several halogenated fluorescein dyes reported here will aid in developing advanced fluorescein dye based energy efficient photosensitizers and also emitters.
A Hypothesis: Metabolic Contributions to 16p11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Choo Brandon Kar Meng , Barnes Sarah , Sive Hazel
Published: December 2024

16p11.2 deletion syndrome is a severe genetic disorder associated with the deletion of 27 genes from a Copy Number Variant region on human chromosome 16. Symptoms associated include cognitive impairment, language and motor delay, epilepsy or seizures, psychiatric disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), changes in head size and body weight, and dysmorphic features, with a crucial need to define genes and mechanisms responsible for symptomatology. In this review, we analyze the clinical associations and biological pathways of 16p11.2 locus genes and identify that a majority of 16p11.2 genes relate to metabolic processes. We present a hypothesis in which changes in the dosage of 16p11.2 metabolic genes contribute to pathology through direct or indirect alterations in pathways that include amino acids or proteins, DNA, RNA, catabolism, lipid, energy (carbohydrate). This hypothesis suggests that research into the specific roles of each metabolic gene will help identify useful therapeutic targets.
Sensitivity Analysis for Effects of Multiple Exposures in the Presence of Unmeasured Confounding
Authors: Jeong Boram , Lee Seungjae , Ye Shinhee , Lee Donghwan , Lee Woojoo
Published: December 2024

Epidemiological research aims to investigate how multiple exposures affect health outcomes of interest, but observational studies often suffer from biases caused by unmeasured confounders. In this study, we develop a novel sensitivity model to investigate the effect of correlated multiple exposures on the continuous health outcomes of interest. The proposed sensitivity analysis is model‐agnostic and can be applied to any machine learning algorithm. The interval of single‐ or joint‐exposure effects is efficiently obtained by solving a linear programming problem with a quadratic constraint. Some strategies for reducing the input burden in the sensitivity analysis are discussed. We demonstrate the usefulness of sensitivity analysis via numerical studies and real data application.
The Quantum Leap Toward a Sustainable Future: Exploring the Nexus Between Blockchain, Circular Economy, and Managerial Perceptions
Authors: Dalvi‐Esfahani Mohammad , Azar Nasrin , Leong Lam Wai , Ramayah T. , Sarker Moniruzzaman
Published: December 2024

The planetary ecosystem currently confronts a myriad of dire environmental predicaments, necessitating immediate and decisive action to forestall irreversible damage wrought by economic activities. Embracing the tenets of circular economy (CE) presents a compelling and exigent opportunity to attenuate wastage and engender resource recycling. In this milieu, blockchain technology (BCT) emerges as a pivotal instrumentality in imbricating CE principles into the tapestry of environmentally conscientious supply chain practices. However, the enigmatic nature of the factors that undergird the seamless integration of BCT into CE practices bespeaks a pressing need for further elucidation. This inquiry endeavors to scrutinize executives' perspectives regarding adopting BCT as a fulcrum for CE and its multifaceted impact on organizational performance. A research model predicated on the belief–action–outcome (BAO) framework was conceptualized and scrutinized utilizing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) with data gleaned from 164 responses from Malaysian manufacturing firms. The findings evince that respondents' attitudes were significantly swayed by the organizational CE culture, their cognitive grasp of BCT principles, and their normative inclinations. Furthermore, the investigation unearthed that personal norms and attitudes wielded a palpable influence on the inclination to adopt BCT to catalyze CE, thereby exerting a substantive impact on the organization's economic and environmental performance. A roadmap delineating a trajectory to further facilitate BCT‐propelled CE is proffered.
Catalpol promotes the generation of cerebral organoids with oRGs through activation of STAT3 signaling
Authors: Lee Yoo‐Jung , Cho Byounggook , Kwon Daeyeol , Kim Yunkyung , An Saemin , Kang Soi , Kim Jongpil
Published: December 2024

The generation of human cortical organoids containing outer radial glia (oRG) cells is crucial for modeling neocortical development. Here we show that Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside derived from Rehmannia glutinosa, significantly enhances the generation of cerebral organoids with expanded oRG populations and increased neurogenic potential. Catalpol‐treated organoids exhibited thicker ventricular zone/subventricular zone (VZ/SVZ) and outer subventricular zone (oSVZ) regions, with increased numbers of SOX2 + HOPX+ and SOX2 + TNC+ oRG cells and elevated expression of oRG markers HOPX and FAM107A. We found that Catalpol promoted oRG generation through non‐vertical divisions of ventricular radial glia (vRG) cells, indicating enhanced oRG generation via asymmetrical divisions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Catalpol augmented oRG cell numbers through activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings highlight Catalpol's potential in promoting the generation of cerebral organoids with expanded oRG populations and increased neurogenic potential through STAT3 activation, offering new insights into neocortical development modeling.
Enrichment of Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts, Macrophages, and Up‐Regulated TNF‐α Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment of CMS4 Colorectal Peritoneal Metastasis
Authors: Høye Eirik , Kanduri Chakravarthi , Torgunrud Annette , Lorenz Susanne , Edwin Bjørn , Larsen Stein G. , Fretland Åsmund A. , Dagenborg Vegar J. , Flatmark Kjersti , Lund‐Andersen Christin
Published: December 2024

Background

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is the main cause of CRC mortality, with limited treatment options. Although immunotherapy has benefited some cancer patients, mCRC typically lacks the molecular features that respond to this treatment. However, recent studies indicate that the immune microenvironment of mCRC may be modified to enhance the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. This study aimed to explore the metastatic tumor microenvironment (TME) by comparing cell populations in colorectal liver (CLM), lung (mLu), and peritoneal (PM) metastases.

Methods

RNA isolated from 20 CLM, 15 mLu, and 35 PM samples was subjected to mRNA sequencing and explored through TME deconvolution tools, consensus molecular subtyping (CMS), and differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analysis, with respect to the metastatic sites. Clinical data and KRAS/BRAF hotspot mutation status were also obtained for all the cases.

Results

The cell type fractions in the TME were relatively similar between the metastatic sites, except for cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), B cells, endothelial cells, and CD4+ T cells. Notably, PM showed enrichment for CAFs and endothelial cells, consistent with distinct pathways associated with metastatic growth and progression in the peritoneal cavity. PM with the mesenchymal subtype, CMS4, had increased CAFs, endothelial cells, and macrophages, along with up‐regulated genes related to TNF‐α signaling via NF‐κB, EMT, and angiogenesis.

Conclusions

Tumor samples from different metastatic sites exhibited a broadly similar TME in terms of immune cell composition, with some intriguing differences. Targeting CAF‐associated pathways, macrophages, and TNF‐α signaling through NR4A could represent potential novel therapeutic approaches in CMS4 PM.
Chlorinated Phenolic, Benzenoid, and Phenylethanoid Glucosides from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Fuscoporia sp. A2A6
Authors: Gao Yue , Ren Jing-Ling , Fang Zi-Cen , Wang Hai-Tao , Shen Li , Tian Li-Wen , Wu Jun
Published: December 2024

Twelve new compounds, named fuscoposides A –L (1–12), including two phenolic, nine benzenoid, and one phenylethanoid glucosides, were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Fuscoporia sp. A2A6. The structures of these compounds were established by HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopic data, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, and chemical methods. Most notably, ten compounds, viz. fuscoposides A–J (1–9) and fuscoposide L (12), are mono‐ or di‐chlorinated. Fuscoposide C (3) exhibited moderate neuroprotective effects against H2O2–induced oxidative damage in mouse hippocampal neuron HT‐22 cells in a dose‐dependent manner at the concentration range of 2.0–6.0 μM, whereas fuscoposide G (7) decreased the expression of COX2 in LPS–stimulated mouse microglia BV2 cells at the concentration of 5.0 μM, thereby displaying anti‐inflammatory activity.
Activation of Caged Functional RNAs by An Oxidative Transformation
Authors: Heili Joseph M. , Adamala Katarzyna P. , Engelhart Aaron E.
Published: December 2024

RNA exhibits remarkable capacity as a functional polymer, with broader catalytic and ligand‐binding capability than previously thought. Despite this, the low side chain diversity present in nucleic acids (two purines and two pyrimidines) relative to proteins (20+ side chains of varied charge, polarity, and chemical functionality) limits the capacity of functional RNAs to act as environmentally responsive polymers, as is possible for peptide‐based receptors and catalysts. Here we show that incorporation of the modified nucleobase 2‐thiouridine (2sU) into functional (aptamer and ribozyme) RNAs produces functionally inactivated polymers that can be activated by oxidative treatment. 2‐thiouridine lacksthe 2‐position oxygen found in uridine, altering its hydrogen bonding pattern. This limits critical interactions (e. g., G−U wobble pairs) that allow for proper folding. Oxidative desulfurization of the incorporated 2‐thiouridine moieties to uridine relieves this inability to fold properly, enabling recovery of function. This demonstration of expanded roles for RNA as environmentally responsive functional polymers challenges the notion that they are not known to be redox‐sensitive. Harnessing redox switchability in RNA could regulate cellular activities such as translation, or allow switching RNA between a “template” and a “catalytic” state in “RNA World” scenarios or in synthetic biology.
Effect of Guiding Catheter Extubation During Physiological Assesment of Stenosis
Authors: Karim Salma Raghad , Westra Jelmer Sybren , Rasmussen Laust Dupont , Eftekhari Ashkan , Sejr‐Hansen Martin , Winther Simon , Bøttcher Morten , Christiansen Evald Høj
Published: December 2024

Background

Extubation of the coronary guiding catheter may affect flow and pressure measurements in the coronary vessel during invasive coronary angiography (ICA).

Aim

This study aims to investigate the impact of guiding catheter extubation on fractional flow reserve (FFR), coronary flow reserve (CFR), and the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR).

Methods

This predefined subgroup analysis of the Dan‐NICAD 2 study included patients with chronic coronary syndrome referred to ICA based on a coronary computed tomography angiography. Thermodilution was performed in all vessels evaluated with 30%–90% diameter stenosis on a visual estimate. The primary endpoints were FFR, CFR, and IMR changes when the guiding catheter was extubated from the coronary ostium. Three‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography analysis was conducted to evaluate whether the proximal flow area, defined as the area of the guiding catheter subtracted from the area of the vessel ostium, correlated with the changes in FFR, CFR, and IMR.

Results

In 84 patients, coronary physiological measurements were performed twice: once with the guiding catheter intubated and once extubated. FFR decreased during guiding catheter extubation (0.82 ± 0.09 vs. 0.80 ± 0.10) with a mean difference of 0.02, 95% CI [0.01–0.03], p < 0.001. Following extubation, eight patients (8.7%) showed FFR values shifting from > 0.80 to ≤ 0.80. IMR increased during guiding catheter extubation (16.8 ± 8.50 vs. 21.4 ± 16.1) with mean difference of 4.67 [95% CI 1.74–7.60], p = 0.002. No significant changes in CFR were observed; intubated 3.09 ± 1.31 vs 2.84 ± 1.30; difference mean 0.25, [95% CI −0.07 to 0.56], p = 0.12. No significant correlations were found between the proximal flow area and the difference in FFR, CFR, and IMR from intubated to extubated: (r −0.14, p = 0.23), (r −0.11, p = 0.34), and (r −0.16, p = 0.17), respectively.

Conclusion

Extubating the guiding catheter decreased FFR and increased IMR. This resulted in an FFR decrease from > 0.80 to ≤ 0.80 in 8.7% of patients. CFR remained unchanged. No significant correlation was found between FFR/IMR changes and proximal flow area.
Steerable Delivery Sheath for Optimized LAA Closure: First Experience and Procedural Outcomes
Authors: Mezger Matthias , Paitazoglou Christina , Frerker Christian , Stiermaier Thomas , Eitel Ingo
Published: December 2024

Background

The new Amplatzer Steerable Delivery Sheath is a delivery system designed to improve ease‐of‐use and procedural results of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). We aimed to compare procedural results after switching our LAAC program at a tertiary care center with the Amulet device to the Steerable Delivery Sheath, with a control group of LAAC employing the standard sheath.

Methods

The first n = 32 consecutively treated patients at our site using the Amulet device with the Steerable Delivery Sheath were included in this retrospective analysis. As a control‐group, n = 39 consecutive patients treated with the Amulet device before the switch to the new sheath were used.

Results

LAAC was successful in all patients in both groups (100%). Contrast use and fluoroscopy time were numerically higher in the steerable sheath group (steerable sheath vs. control group: contrast use 70 ± 23 vs. 55 ± 50 mL, p = 0.09, fluoroscopy time 12.7 ± 4.6 vs. 10.2 ± 6.6 min, p = 0.3). Fluoroscopy time and dose decreased after 3 months while contrast use remained unchanged. Complete sealing rate was high in both groups (steerable sheath vs. control group 97% vs. 95%, p > 0.9) and periprocedural complication rate was low, without any periprocedural stroke, vascular complications, or death in both cohorts.

Conclusions

LAAC with the Amplatzer Amulet steerable delivery sheath is feasible and safe. Fluoroscopy time and dose suggest a learning curve with the new sheath.
Hereditary Hemochromatosis Unmasked by Yersiniosis: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Karam Karam , Fiani Elias
Published: December 2024

Yersiniosis has a causal relationship with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). Physicians should have a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis of HH when approaching a patient with yersiniosis in the setting of high ferritin levels and increased iron saturation. Yersiniosis serves as a precursor for the diagnosis of HH.
Pulmonary Nodules After Leflunomide Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report
Authors: Abiyarghamsari Mahdiye , Ahmadzadeh Arman
Published: December 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder with both articular and extra‐articular manifestations, including rare pulmonary complications. We report a case of a 65‐year‐old male with long‐standing RA who developed multiple cavitary pulmonary nodules following prolonged leflunomide therapy. Diagnostic evaluation excluded infectious, neoplastic, and autoimmune causes. Bronchoscopy and biopsy confirmed an acute suppurative inflammatory process with central necrosis. Discontinuation of leflunomide resulted in the resolution of pulmonary nodules. This case highlights the need for vigilance regarding potential pulmonary toxicity in RA patients receiving leflunomide and underscores the importance of prompt recognition and management of drug‐induced complications.
Bilateral Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Analyzed Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Framework: Case Report
Authors: Novoa‐Cornejo Ignacio , Muthaiah Vijaya Prakash Krishnan , Mercado‐Martinez Victor , Ulloa‐Alvarado Gustavo , Pino‐Urrutia Carlos , Gunasekaran Krishnamoorthy
Published: December 2024

A severe case of bilateral superior semicircular dehiscence was presented in Instituto de Neurorrehabilitación y Balance, Chile. The patient reports hearing and vestibular problems in certain situations; a complete analysis is carried out from the clinical history to neurological laboratory studies and imaging to diagnose bilateral semicircular canal dehiscence finally. Health condition management is under the ICF model, which will allow for determining and classifying the problems and possible interventions for this interesting clinical case.
FPM‐SSD: Fast Parallel Multi‐Scale Smooth Signed Distance Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Tuo Mingxiu , Jia Chenglei , Jin Siyu , Zhang Shunli
Published: December 2024

Smooth signed distance surface reconstruction remains a popular technique for generating watertight surfaces from discrete point clouds. However, it frequently encounters issues with geometric detail loss when reconstructing complicated models. In this paper, we introduce a novel reconstruction technique for multi‐scale smooth signed distance surfaces based on Gaussian curvature. Initially, the point cloud data is fitted using the moving least squares to calculate the Gaussian curvature. After that, a curvature‐adaptive octree is constructed based on the Gaussian curvature, which can dynamically adjust the local resolution. Geometric information can be captured more effectively, improving the accuracy of surface reconstruction. Finally, implicit functions are adopted to perform global fitting, and the zero‐level set is obtained through the octree isosurface extraction algorithm. In solving the iterative linear system, multi‐thread techniques are implemented for parallel computation to enhance the execution performance of the algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the curvature‐adaptive octree based on Gaussian curvature, can effectively capture complex geometric details, and the algorithm accomplishes high‐precision surface reconstruction at different scales. Furthermore, multi‐thread technology enhances local and global computing performance, ensuring the algorithm's effectiveness in processing large‐scale data.