bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
program kesehatan di puskesmas (kelas ibu hamil)
Authors: rahman Rasyidah
Published: December 2021

Tugas 3 Cari program kesehatanPelaksanaan Kelas Ibu Hamil sebagai Upaya Menurunkan Angka Kematian Ibu Studi Lapangan di Puskesmas Plupuh I Sragen1.Evidence based analysis Rata-rata jumlah peserta kelas ibu hamil yang tersebar di 8 desa terdiridari 15-20 ibu hamil, namun ada 1 desa yang jumlah ibu hamilnya mencapai 50orang. Pada pelaksanaannya ibu hamil ini dibagi menjadi beberpa kelompok dimana rata-rata 10 orang per kelompok, tetapi jika jumlah ibu hamilnya hanya kurang dari 15 maka hanya dijadikan 1 kelompok.Dasar pengelompokan kelas ibu hamil sebenarnya berdasar pada umur kehamilan.
Biaya Produksi dan Penerimaan
Authors: Rahmi  , Akbar Muh. , Widiyanti  , Yulanda Andi Resvina
Published: December 2021

Biaya produksi merupakan faktor penting yang harus diperhatikan ketika suatu perusahaan akan menghasilkan suatu produksi. Hal ini dikarenakan setiap perusahaan tentu menginginkan keuntungan yang besar dalam setiap usaha produksinya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukannya suatu pemahaman tentang teori-teori biaya produksi agar suatu perusahaan dapat memperhitungkan biaya-biaya yang akan dikeluarkan untuk menghasilkan suatu output barang.Biaya produksi adalah semua pengeluaran perusahaan untuk memperoleh faktor-faktor produksi yang akan digunakan untuk menghasilkan barang-barang produksi oleh perusahaaan tersebut. Untuk analisis biaya produksi perlu diperhatikan dua jangka waktu, yaitu (1) jangka panjang, yaitu jangka waktu dimana semua faktor produksi dapat mengalami perubahan, dan (2) jangka pendek, yaitu jangka waktu dimana sebagian faktor produksi daoat berubah dan sebagian lainnya tidak dapat berubah.
Project CITA CERA
Authors: Gaffar Abdul
Published: December 2021

Project CITA CERA (Cuci Tangan Cegah Diare Anak)
Electronic Customer Relationship Management
Authors: Meutia Annissa
Published: December 2021

Electronic Customer Relationship Management, atau e-CRM, adalah sebuah metode untuk mengelola relasi antara perusahaan dengan pelanggan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan loyalitas serta penggunaan produk-produk atau jasa yang ditawarkan oleh perusahaan dengan memanfaatkan media elektronik.
Analisis Video Comments To Followers Ratio Instagram Pada 6 Daftar Merk Laptop Terbaik Paling Banyak Digunakan
Authors: Saputra I Made Pratama Dwi
Published: December 2021

Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikas yang telah berkembang dari waktu ke waktu hingga mampu membuat setiap orang menjadi lebih aktif dalam menggunakan media sosial. Sosial media menjadi tidak terpisahkan dalam kehidupan sehari – hari terutama di kalangan remaja, yang di mana mereka dapat berbagi informasi atau melakukan hal – hal lain untuk bersenang – senang. Sosial media yang saat ini memiliki pengaruh besar salah satunya yaitu Instagram. Instagram adalah sebuah aplikasi berbagi foto dan video yang memungkinkan pengguna mengambil foto, mengambil video, menerapkan filter digital, dan membagikannya ke berbagai layanan jejaring sosial, termasuk milik Instagram sendiri. Penulis melakukan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan rasio – rasio yang terdapat pada sosial media Instagram yang nantinya rasio – rasio tersebut digunakan untuk melakukan analisa yang terukur secara matematis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksploratif kuantitatif untuk menemukan variable yang terdapat di sosial media Instagram. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap sosial media Instagram ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 14 rasio yang bisa digunakan untuk menilai, mengukur, dan juga membandingkan kredibilitas dari sebuah akun Instagram. Penelitian ini berfokus untuk menghitung kredibilitas dari Video Comments To Followers Ratio pada 6 Daftar Merk Laptop Terbaik Paling Banyak Digunakan.
Makalah Manajemen Pemasaran dan Saluran distribusi Dosen Pengampu : Dr. Siti Fatimah SE , MM
Authors: Istiqamah Nur Afwa
Published: December 2021

Materi mengenai manajemen pemasaran dan saluran distribusi
Seasonal fluctuations of the rusty carbon sink in thawing permafrost peatlands
Authors: Patzner Monique , Kainz Nora , Lundin Erik , Barczok Maximilian , Smith Chelsea , Herndon Elizabeth , Kinsman-Costello Lauren , Fischer Stefan , Straub Daniel , Kleindienst Sara , Kappler Andreas , Bryce Casey
Published: December 2021

In permafrost peatlands, up to 20% of total organic carbon (OC) is bound to reactive iron (Fe) minerals in the active layer overlying intact permafrost, potentially protecting OC from microbial degradation and transformation into greenhouse gases (GHG) such as CO2 and CH4. During the summer, shifts in runoff and soil moisture influence redox conditions and therefore the balance of Fe oxidation and reduction. Whether this “rusty carbon sink” is stable or continuously dissolved by Fe(III) reduction and reformed by Fe(II) oxidation during redox shifts remains unknown. We exposed ferrihydrite (FH)-coated sand in the active layer along a permafrost thaw gradient in Stordalen mire (Abisko, Sweden) over the summer (June to September) to capture changes in redox conditions and quantify formation and dissolution of reactive Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides and associated OC. We found that Fe(III) minerals formed under the constantly oxic conditions in palsa soils overlying intact permafrost over the full summer season. In contrast, in fully-thawed fen areas, conditions were continuously anoxic and by late summer 50.4% of the original Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides were lost via dissolution while 44.7% and 4.9% of the Fe remained as Fe(III) and Fe(II) on the sand, respectively. Periodic redox shifts (from 0 mV to +300 mV) were observed over the summer season in the partially-thawed bog due to changes in active layer depth, runoff and soil moisture. This resulted in dissolution and loss of 47.5% of initial Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides and release of associated OC in early summer when conditions are wetter and more reduced, and new formation of Fe(III) minerals (34.7% gain in comparison to initial Fe) in the late summer under more dry and oxic conditions which again sequestered Fe-bound organic carbon. Our data suggests that the so-called rusty carbon sink is seasonally dynamic in partially-thawed permafrost peatlands, thus likely either promoting or suppressing carbon mineralization and leading to seasonal changes in GHG emissions.
Auditory representations for long lasting sounds: Insights from event-related brain potentials and neural oscillations
Authors: Weise Annekathrin , Grimm Sabine , Rimmele Johanna M. , Schröger Erich
Published: December 2021

The basic features of short sounds, such as frequency and intensity including their temporal dynamics, are integrated in a unitary representation. Knowledge on how our brain processes long lasting sounds is scarce. We review research utilizing the Mismatch Negativity event-related potential and neural oscillatory activity for studying representations for long lasting simple versus complex sounds such as sinusoidal tones versus speech. There is evidence for a temporal constraint in the formation of auditory representations: Auditory edges like sound onsets within long lasting sounds open a temporal window of about 350 ms in which the sounds’ dynamics are integrated into a representation, while information beyond that window contributes less to that representation. This integration window segments the auditory input into short chunks. We argue that the representations established in adjacent integration windows can be concatenated into an auditory representation of a long sound, thus, overcoming the temporal constraint.
Getting in Touch with the Lost Self: Vicarious and Affective Touch in Depersonalisation
Authors: Ciaunica Anna , Mathew Jyothisa Mary , Deroy Ophelia , Fairhurst Merle Theresa
Published: December 2021

We conducted an online study featuring two experiments in order to examine the relationship between depersonalization experiences (DP) (i.e. feelings of being detached from one’s self and body) and vicarious affective touch and self-touch. Experiment 1 examined to what extent DP traits modulate the perceived pleasantness and/or vividness of tactile experiences as imagined being received by the self and other. In experiment 2 we designed a new affective self-touch intervention in order to explore the effect of CT-optimal self-touch stroking on one’s dorsal forearm on the perceived pleasantness and vividness of tactile experiences as being received by the self and other. We found that low DP individuals reported higher perceived pleasantness and vividness rating for touch. By contrast, the high DP cohort rated all touch experiences as significantly less pleasant. No significant interaction effects for vividness ratings of touch experiences across low and high DP. In addition, our results suggest that people with low DP rate the perceived pleasantness of the imagined social touch experiences as received by the self higher than if received by the other. Interestingly, in high DP individuals, there is no difference in the perceived pleasantness of affective touch imagined as being received by the self vs the other. Finally, we found that both low and high DP participants, following our tailored CT-optimal affective self-touch intervention on one’s own body, report significantly higher ratings of vividness of tactile perception.
Pricing decisions in peer-to-peer and prosumer-centred electricity markets: Experimental analysis in Germany and the United Kingdom
Authors: Hahnel Ulf J.J. , Fell Michael James
Published: December 2021

Prosumer-centred electricity market models such as peer-to-peer communities can enable optimized supply and demand of locally generated electricity as well as an active participation of citizens in the energy transition. An important element of active participation is the improved ability of community members to identify and choose who they transact with in a much more granular way than is usual. Despite this key novelty and the social core of prosumer-centred markets, little is known about how citizens would trade with different actors involved in the system. Here, we report a preregistered cross-national experiment in which we investigated individual trading preferences in a peer-to-peer community, including a variety of private and non-private trading actors. Our data from the United Kingdom (n=441) and Germany (n=440) shows that set buying and selling prices strongly vary, pointing to three systematically different trading strategies that individuals apply as a function of involved trading actor. Findings moreover reveal that trading decisions are determined by individuals’ political orientation, place attachment, and climate change beliefs as well as individual differences in trust in the involved trading actor. Finally, our results illustrate high consistency in trading preferences across nations. However, nation-level differences emerged when decisions were made publicly visible, emphasising the need to consider context-effects in peer-to-peer system design. Our results have implications for the development of prosumer-centred energy models and the design of interventions to increase citizen participation across national contexts.
Politically motivated aesthetic judgments
Authors: Erlandsson Arvid , Rosander Jennifer , Nilsson Artur
Published: December 2021

Are people motivated to feel that clothes worn by members of their political ingroup (outgroup) are more (less) beautiful and valuable? Building on research on politically motivated judgments, affective polarization, and social distancing, this study investigated how aesthetic judgments about the design and color of clothes, and willingness to pay for identical clothes, changed among Swedes (N=638) after they learnt that the clothes were worn by politicians from their most- or least-liked party. The results supported both a negative outgroup effect (i.e., clothes associated with the least-liked party became less attractive) and a positive ingroup effect (i.e., clothes associated with the most-liked party became more attractive and valuable). Clothes worn by non-politicians were evaluated similarly after the identity of the person wearing them was revealed. Particularly the positive ingroup effect was stronger among rightists than leftists, consistent with theoretical accounts that posit ideological asymmetries in motivated reasoning and relational motivations.
Sequential Decisions from Sampling: Inductive Generation of Stopping Decisions Using Instance-Based Learning Theory
Authors: Gonzalez Cleotilde , Aggarwal Palvi
Published: December 2021

Sequential decisions from sampling are common in daily life: we often explore alternatives sequentially, decide when to stop such exploration process, and use the experience acquired during sampling to make a choice for what is expected to be the best option. In decisions from experience, theories of sampling and experiential choice are unable to explain the decision of when to stop the sequential exploration of alternatives. In this chapter, we propose a mechanism to inductively generate stopping decisions, and we demonstrate its plausibility in a large and diverse human data set of the binary choice sampling paradigm. Our proposed stopping mechanism relies on the choice process of a theory of experiential choice, Instance-Based Learning Theory (IBLT). The new stopping mechanism tracks the relative prediction errors of the two options during sampling, and stops when such difference is close to zero. Our results from simulation are able to accurately predict human stopping decisions distributions in the dataset. This model provides an integrated theoretical account of decisions from experience, where the stopping decisions are generated inductively from the sampling process.
Attack of the snowclones: A corpus-based analysis of extravagant formulaic patterns
Authors: Hartmann Stefan , Ungerer Tobias
Published: December 2021

The concept of ‘snowclones’ has gained interest in recent research on linguistic creativity and in studies on extravagance and expressiveness in language. However, no clear criteria for identifying snowclones have yet been established, and detailed corpus-based investigations of the phenomenon are still lacking. This paper addresses this research gap in a twofold way: On the one hand, we develop an operational definition of snowclones, arguing that three criteria are decisive: (i) the existence of a lexically fixed source construction; (ii) partial productivity; (iii) “extravagant" formal and/or functional characteristics. On the other hand, we offer an empirical investigation of two snowclones that can be considered ‘prototypical’ on the basis of previous literature, namely [the mother of all X] and [X BE the newY]. We use collostructional analysis and distributional semantics to explore the partial productivity of both patterns’ slot fillers. In sum, we argue that the concept of snowclones, if properly defined, can contribute substantially to our understanding of creative language use, especially regarding the question of how social,cultural, and interpersonal factors influence the choice of more or less salient linguistic constructions.
Why Time Discounting Should Be Exponential: A Reply to Callender
Authors: Steele Katie
Published: December 2021

According to Craig Callender (2020), the “received view” across the social sciences is that, when it comes to time and preference, only exponential time discounting is rational. Callender argues that this view is false, even pernicious. Here I endorse what I take to be Callender’s main argument, but only insofar as the received view is understood in a particular way. I go on to propose a different way of understanding the received view that makes it true. In short: When time discounting is suitably conceived, the exponential form of the discounting function is indeed uniquely rational.
Patient made Long Covid empowers the patient voice
Authors: Perego Elisa
Published: December 2021

Successful, patient-driven advocacy and research in Long Covid is contributing to change our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral-onset diseases, and knowledge building in medicine and beyond. Events and epistemic shifts surrounding the rise of Long Covid represent a massive opportunity for empowering the patient voice. Strategies that have proven key to grassroots Long Covid advocacy in our digital era could be further explored and expanded across different patient communities. It is my hope that patient-centred expertise will be further incorporated into the biomedical community. This would contribute to critical changes in medical awareness of chronic diseases and patient care.
The distinct moral importance of acting together
Authors: Steele Katie
Published: December 2021

This review essay engages with Garrett Cullity’s argument that there is a fundamental moral norm of cooperation, as articulated in Concern, Respect, & Cooperation (2018). That is to say that there is moral reason to participatein collective endeavours that cannot be reduced to other moral reasons like promoting welfare. If this is plausible, all the better for solving collective action dilemmas like climate change. But how should we understand a reason of participation? I supplement Cullity’s own account by appealing to the notion of ‘team reasoning’ in game theory. Even if not an adequate notion of rationality, adopting the team stance—deriving individual reasonto act from what a group may together achieve—may well have distinct moral importance.
ULAM Headless Course Format
Authors: Wojczal Mateusz
Published: December 2021

Current e-learning software comes with a huge technological debt and does not respond to market needs as fast as other IT segments can. The main reason is dependency on obsolete formats like SCORM that are still widely used, and which do not separate data layer from the presentation layer. There is a need from market for existence of better designed and better implemented formats.
Person-Affecting and Non-Identity
Authors: Bykvist Krister
Published: December 2021

According to a popular version of the person-affecting idea of morality, what is better (worse) must be better (worse) for someone. However, there seems to be a clear tension between this idea and some of our considered judgements about cases in which the existence of future people is contingent on our choice. For example, we want to say that creating a very unhappy person makes the world worse, other things being equal. In order to comply with a person-affecting morality in this case, we need to show that coming into existence can be worse for a person, but it does not seem plausible to say that it can be worse for a person to exist than not to exist. This paper discusses some recent attempts to ease this tension, and it is argued that none of these attempts is convincing. That leaves us with only one option: to reject the person-affecting constraint in its current form.
Persson’s Merely Possible Persons
Authors: Bykvist Krister , Campbell Timothy
Published: December 2021

In many cases, it seems, one possible outcome is worse than another in virtue of the well-being of people who do not exist in both. For example, it seems, creating a very unhappy person makes the world worse, other things being equal. And some would say that we make the world better, other things being equal, by creating a very happy person. It would be easy to justify such claims if it can be better, or worse, for a person to exist than not to exist. But that seems to require that things can be better, or worse, for a person even in a world in which she does not exist, which sounds paradoxical. This paradoxical sounding claim has been defended by Ingmar Person. He argues that in a world in which a person does not exist, she is a merely possible being – a being that has never existed and never will – and that for such beings it is worse not to exist than to exist with a good life. Furthermore, he argues for this claim from what he claims are “incontestable” premises. We argue that the premises are far from incontestable. The argument, as stated by Persson, has false premises and is invalid. We can reconstruct the argument to make it valid, but this still leaves us with some clearly contestable premises. Finally, we will argue that it is possible to make sense of our obligations to future generations without letting merely possible beings into the moral club.
Offsetting, Denialism, and Risk
Authors: Campbell Timothy
Published: December 2021

In Climate Matters John Broome defends two claims. First, if you live a “normal life” in a rich country, you will probably cause significant harm by your emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG), violating a moral duty of harm-avoidance. Second, you can satisfy this duty by offsetting your emissions. Some would deny Broome’s first claim on the grounds that an individual’s emissions of GHG do no harm. Broome calls this position “IndividualDenialism” (ID) and in a recent paper he attempts to refute it. I explain how, if Broome’s refutation of ID were successful, it would undermine his claim that you can satisfy your duty of harm avoidance by offsetting. I suggest an alternative defence of the claim that you can satisfy your individual duty to reduce your carbon footprint by offsetting. This alternative defence assumes that your duty to reduce your carbon footprint derives from a duty of risk-avoidance.
Compatible or Incompatible? DSI, Open Access and Benefit-sharing
Authors: Sara Rodrigo , Hufton Andrew Lee , Scholz Amber Hartman
Published: December 2021

The scientific community has a strong tradition of sharing digital sequence information (DSI) in an unrestricted manner through public databases. While this tradition of “open access” sharing has many benefits, it has created tension in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Differences of opinion on open access to DSI underlie key points of divergence in ongoing negotiations. The CBD has provided a set of policy options for DSI, but they are not granular enough to assess whether they are compatible with open access principles. Here, we explain what open access to DSI means in practice, assess the CBD DSI policy options through a more granular, technical lens, and discuss which policy options best enable open access. We show that de-coupled benefit-sharing mechanisms for DSI are the most compatible with open access practices and multilateral mechanisms, in general, are the most suited for benefit-sharing if fully de-coupled mechanisms become politically unrealistic.
The Relevance of Motivations to Wrongdoing for Contributing to Climate Change
Authors: Bowman Paul
Published: December 2021

This paper makes progress towards an account of moral wrongdoing for individual contributions to collectively-caused harms and substantial risks of harm, like the harms and risks stemming from climate change. To do so, this paper argues that an agent’s motivations can be relevant to whether an agent’s contribution to a collectively-caused harm or risk is morally wrong. Specifically, this paper argues that an agent’s contribution to a collectively caused harm or risk can be wrong in virtue of her motivations even when she does not intend to contribute to the harm or risk, but rather contributes to the harm or risk as a foreseeable but unintended side-effect of her otherwise good end.
GENDER ROLE NORM CONFORMITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF SEXUAL VICTIMIZATION
Authors: Depraetere Joke , Keygnaert Ines , Vandeviver Christophe
Published: December 2021

Background. The possibility of men being perceived as sexual violence victims is constrained by stereotypical masculine gender norms, describing men as dominant and sexual opportunists, and by rape myths. These stereotypical views suggest that men cannot suffer adverse psychological consequences from sexual victimization and are less affected by it compared to women. Nevertheless, research demonstrates that men suffer psychologically from sexual victimization similar to women, and that their victimization might be associated with poorer psychological health outcomes compared to women. Additionally, scholars have argued that stereotypical gender roles and rape myths may worsen the adverse outcomes of sexual victimization. Yet, thus far, empirical research to test these hypotheses was lacking.Method. We examined the psychological consequences of sexual victimization among 696 male (n = 135) and female (n = 561) college students who self-identified as victims of sexual violence. We examined the effect of gender role norm endorsement and rape myth acceptance on the severity of self-reported psychological consequences of sexual victimization. Results. Results showed that, overall, female victims disclose psychological consequences to a greater extent than male victims. Our findings confirmed that higher endorsement of both masculine and feminine gender role norms increase the severity of psychological consequences among both men and women. Rape myth acceptance only influenced the severity of the consequences for female victims but in the opposite direction than hypothesized. Nonetheless, the odds ratio suggest that the influence of rape myth acceptance is negligible. Conclusion. With this study we point out the problematic influence gender role norms have on victims of sexual violence, particularly male victims, and the consequences they may suffer. We argue for a deconstruction of stereotypical masculine role norms in order for men to accept their victimization and talk about their experiences with others.
The Bullet-Biting Response to the Non-Identity Problem
Authors: Campbell Timothy
Published: December 2021

According to the bullet-biting response to the non-identity problem: Given a choice between creating a well-off child, A, and a different child, B, that is significantly worse off than A, it is not impermissible to create B. David Boonin has presented an argument for the bullet-biting response. He claims that although the conclusion of his argument is implausible, the rejection of the argument is even more implausible. But Boonin’s argument is more implausible than he realizes. Three specific premises, together with the claim that creating a child cannot make that child better or worse off than she would otherwise have been, jointly entail that it is not impermissible to create children whose lives contain only pain and suffering. This is a damning objection to Boonin’s argument. I argue that this objection cannot be avoided without undermining the other premises of Boonin’s argument. Finally, I suggest a fairly weak moral principle that avoids the bullet-biting response. According The Weak Principle (WP): If you are choosing between only Act 1 and Act 2, then Act 1 is impermissible if (a) the outcome of Act 2 is significantly better than the outcome of Act 1, (b*) Act 2 wouldn’t cause anyone to incur a significant cost, and (c) Act 2 wouldn’t violate anyone’s rights.
Calibrating Variable-Value Population Ethics
Authors: Spears Dean , Stefánsson H. Orri
Published: December 2021

Variable-Value axiologies propose solutions to the challenges of population ethics. These views avoid Parfit’s Repugnant Conclusion, while satisfying some weak instances of the Mere Addition principle (for example, at small population sizes). We apply calibration methods to Variable-Value views while assuming: first, some very weak instances of Mere Addition, and, second, some plausible empirical assumptions about the size and welfare of the intertemporal world population. We find that Variable-Value views imply conclusions that should seem repugnant to anyone who opposes Total Utilitarianism due to the Repugnant Conclusion. So, any wish to avoid repugnant conclusions is not a good reason to choose a Variable-Value view. More broadly, these calibrations teach us something about the effort to avoid the Repugnant Conclusion. Our results join a recent literature arguing that prior efforts to avoid the Repugnant Conclusion hinge on inessential features of the formalization of repugnance. Some of this effort may therefore be misplaced.
Strategi pelibatan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran daring pada mata kuliah sepak takraw
Authors: Semarayasa I Ketut
Published: December 2021

Penelitian tentang pelibatan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran daring telah banyak dilakukan. Akan tetapi, masih sedikit penelitian yang mengkaji bagaimana dosen melakukan pelibatan mahasiswa pada pembelajaran daring, terutama pada konteks pembelajaran sepak takraw. Untuk mengisi kesenjangan empiris ini, kami melakukan penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan penelitian studi kasus untuk meneliti bagaimana dosen pengampu mata kuliah sepak takraw melakukan pelibatan mahasiswa pada pembelajaran daring. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah satu orang dosen sepak takraw. Metode pengambilan data dilakukan melalui metode observasi dan wawancara. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengikuti analisis data tematik yang dikemukan oleh Braun and Clarke (2006). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosen sepak takraw menyediakan tiga jenis interaksi: interaksi mahasiswa dengan dosen, interaksi mahasiswa dengan mahasiswa, dan interaksi mahasiswa dengan materi pembelajaran. Ketiga jenis interaksi ini dilakukan untuk menciptakan situasi pembelajaran yang aktif, positif, dan menyenangkan. Dengan demikian, tujuan pembelajaran bisa tercapai dengan baik.
Magical Aspects in Chandra Shyam Dangol's Stone Sculptures
Authors: Sharma Yam Prasad
Published: December 2021

Chandra Shyam Dangol's stone sculptures are magical and mystical suggesting supernatural and spiritual aspects related to wisdom and enlightenment. Unusual images and symbols have been put together. On the surface level, the combination appears strange and contrary but as we go through the myths related to the artworks, we find the underlined logic and coherent composition. The recurrent icons, images and symbols are the figures of deities, lotus, mudras (gestures) and asanas (postures) of meditating characters that are combined in an unusual manner.  They provide a sense of miraculous and thrilling spiritual experience. Breaking the monotony of mundane material existence, the works renew our perception. The aesthetic experience leads toward the awareness of the self and the universe and inspires for the harmonious existence of the individual in the world. Because of the mythical and spiritual contents, the sculptures appear to be mystical. The research area covers the stone sculptures of Chandra Shyam Dangol. About a dozen sculptures have been observed for the research but only four works have been interpreted in this paper. The paper attempts to trace the magical elements in his compositions and throw light on their significance. The study follows the qualitative research method to support the thesis statement since the interpretation of artworks may be multiple depending on viewers, time and place.
Avifaunal Diversity of Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Jha Praveen Kumar , Dhakal Debendra Prasad
Published: December 2021

The main aim of the study was to analyze the avifaunal diversity of Chitwan, Nepal. The avifaunal diversity at six transects of Barandabhar Corridor Forest in Chitwan district was carried out during two visits (autumn and spring) in 2020-2021. The line transect method was used to cover most of the study area. In total, 125 species of birds representing 18 orders and 59 families were recorded. The highest number of bird species i.e. (56) 44.8% were represented by order Passeriformes along with 34 families. The highest number of species was found in family Picidae (9) 7.2% followed by Cuculidae (8) 6.4% and least number (1) 0.8% in other 31 families. The seasonal status of species was Autumn (84) and Spring (116). The relative abundance of species was Very Common (60), Common (40), Uncommon (16), and Rare (9). According to the National Red List of Nepal’s Birds, 110 species were in the Least Concern category, eight species were in the Near Threatened category, six species were in the Vulnerable category and one species was in the Critically Endangered category. It was noted that major threats to the birds were illegal fishing, noise pollution, firewood collection, illegal cattle grazing, and invasive alien plant species. One Globally Threatened Bird Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus was also noted.
FEATURES FORMATION ZONE OF WAVES AND BURSTS ON THE SURFACE LADLE BATH
Authors: Sigarev Е. , Kryachko G. , Dovzhenko A. , Lobanov Yu. , Pohvalitiy A.
Published: December 2021

The results studies influence physicochemical properties and thickness cover slag, formed during ladle desulfurization pig iron by blowing a mixture of lime and magnesium, features formation a breaker on the surface bath and the level of metal losses with emissions outside ladle from this zone are presented. The necessity creating conditions for ensuring height breaker, which would not exceed thickness slag layer on the surface bath, has been substantiated. Using results of the high-temperature simulation blowing the cast iron melt with a neutral gas supplied through the nozzles tips stationary and rotating submersible lances, features development of counter waves and metal splashes in the absence and during formation slag cover with thickness of 30—80 mm on the surface bath are determined. The features change in the height and area breakers are determined depending on the gas flow rate for blowing bath and thickness slag. Based on the analysis results low-temperature modeling bath blowing, scientific ideas about the combined effect of the bath blowing intensity, speed of rotation submerged lance and thickness slag layer on the diameter bubbling zone, gas saturation of the bath and features wave formation on its surface in the slag-free zone were further developed (so-called «eye»). The nature relationship between length of the gas jet from lance nozzle, diameter «eye», and geometric parameters breaker has been established. It is shown that dependence profile breaker on speed of rotation lance and thickness slag layer is nonlinear. So, blowing bath through tip of a rotating lance with one nozzle at 240 rpm. with a gas flow rate of 2.2 l/min. creates conditions for raising top breaker to a height that is 33 % higher than the current thickness slag layer and contributes to the intensification formation of waves and bursts on the surface bath. With a decrease in the gas flow rate to 1.0 l/min., Under other unchanged conditions, height breaker is already 2/3 of the height slag layer, and as thickness slag decreases proportionally decreases. The smallest, recorded in the experiments, relative height breaker was 33.3% of the slag thickness at a lance rotation speed in the range of 90—120 rpm. Mathematical models are proposed that are suitable for calculating height breakers depending on the thickness slag layer, speed of rotation lance and intensity of gas injection into the bath. Taking into account established mutually opposite effect thickness of the cover slag layer and speed of rotation submerged lance on the «eye» area and height of the breaker, it is advisable to continue search for ways to improve design tip submerged lance and slag mode of ladle desulfurization.
INFLUENCE OF FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS ON THE TITER OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA OF YEAST "VIVO"
Authors: Kornіienko I. , Guliaiev V. , Anatskyi A. , Chernenko Y. , Monchenko О. , Filimonenko О. , Sobol О.
Published: December 2021

The use of yeasts with a high titer of probiotic cultures of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and plant components, ascorbic acid in the technology of obtaining functional products - can improve the quality of finished products, nutritional and biological value. The aim of the study was to study the effect of functional components and antibiotics of different groups in the elective nutrient media "Lactobacagar" and "Bifidoagar" on the LAB  titer and their viability. The task of the work is to determine the feasibility of using extracts of milk thistle, rye seeds, flax and ascorbic acid in nutrient media for the viability of LAB yeast "VIVO" with the addition of antibiotics of different groups and concentrations. The effect of the most commonly used antibiotics was studied: benzylpenicillin, azithromycin, lincomycin, gentamicin sulfate, ceftriaxone, norfloxacin, amoxil, streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin on the titer of lactic acid concentrations, which correspond to IV bacteria; 50; 25; 12.5; 6.25; 3.13; 1.56; 0.78. Determination of antibiotic resistance of LAB was performed by the method of double dilutions. Determination of antibiotic resistance of LAB was performed by the method of double dilutions. The effectiveness of the use of extracts of milk thistle, flax and red seed, as well as ascorbic acid in the practice of nutrient enrichment has been proven. The introduction of these components into the composition of nutrient media with antibiotics led to an increase in the number of viable LAB cells by 5—9 %. It is recommended to enrich fermented milk products and bakery products with functional components — seeds or meal of red flax, flax and thistle to increase the nutritional value and increase the titer of fermentation microflora.
RESEARCH INTO DYNAMICS OF ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS ON ACID-ACTIVATED BENTONITE
Authors: Stetsenko D. , Yelatontsev D.
Published: December 2021

Acid activation of bentonite clay is a common way to obtain porous adsorbents of organic and inorganic substances. Acid activation with preservation of the layered structure is the initial stage of chemical modification. Acid treatment of natural aluminosilicates is aimed at increasing their adsorption capacity and specific surface area. In industrial practice, water treatment of heavy metals is in most cases carried out bypassing the liquid through a fixed layer of backfill. Therefore, in this study, we studied the dynamics of adsorption with the definition of the main characteristics of the process: the speed of the working zone, the coefficient of protective action, the length of the working layer, the loss of protective action time, the duration of the sorption column before leakage. In addition, the establishment of the basic laws of this process can be used to determine the optimal parameters of the sorption material at a given initial characteristic — the length of the layer of the sorption column, the filtration rate.

We have studied the possibilities of chemical modification of granular bentonite during acid-salt treatment. Through sorption columns with a height of 0.1; 0.2 and 0.3 m, filled with samples of modified bentonite, were passed model solutions of salts Fe2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ with a concentration of cations of 0.01 g/dm3. The flow rate of the solution was 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 m/h.

Experimental data show that the optimal sorption values ​​are obtained for samples of modified bentonite: at the same height of the sorbent layer and flow rate, the duration of the layer before skipping in modified samples is 1.25—1.52 times higher than in unmodified ones. It is established that the sorption time before skipping mainly depends on the flow rate and the height of the sorbent layer. Thus, at a layer height of 0.3 m and the same rate of transmission of the solution, the sorption time is up to 3.5 times greater than at a layer height of 0.1 m for all investigated cations.
STUDY OF THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND ADJACENT TO THE REGULATORY IRRIGATIVE POOLS
Authors: Nakonechnyi V.
Published: December 2021

In the article considers the environmental problems that arise during the construction or operation of irrigation systems and analyzes the methods of monitoring the technical condition of their elements.

The relevance of research on this topic is due to the progressive dynamics of pollution of surface, groundwater and soils around irrigation networks, which leads to the deterioration of their condition and the development of erosion.

The purpose of the study is to identify ways of migration of filtration waters and the consequences of this, to provide an objective justification for the geophysical method of the natural pulsed electromagnetic field of the Earth that was used.

To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were solved, such as: the choice of methods for detecting water filtration zones using remote methods; conducting field studies of the state of agricultural lands around the regulatory basins of Tsarychanska irrigation systems. Construction of maps, graphs, diagrams; comparison, analysis of surveys conducted around the basin of the Tsarychanska irrigation system; identification of water movement routes in the underground space depending on the geological structure of the region, forecasting the consequences of soil flooding around the basin.

Previous studies are considered. The research of lands located around the regulatory basins was carried out by the method of PIEMPZ, the position of water filtration zones in the soils adjacent to the basin and the direction of water migration were established, the nature of their flow and possible consequences were analyzed.

During the research, all the anomalies of the increased and decreased values ​​of the flux density of the magnetic component of PIEMPZ were identified and their characteristics were given. According to the data, the groundwater level rose to almost 3 m. In the eastern part of the RB there is an abnormal decrease in relief. All filtration and flood zones allocated in 2016 increased. According to the filming in 2018, both the northern and eastern sides, except for a small area in the north-western part, are flooded. This level of groundwater worsens the yield and environmental situation around RB. Recommendations provided.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF DETERMINING THE DESIGN OF OXYGEN TUBE TIPS UNDER NON—STATIONARY CONDITIONS OF CONVERTER MELT WITH PRELIMINARY HEATING OF SCRAP
Authors: Pohvalitiy A. , Sigarev Е. , Chubin K. , Lobanov Yu. , Yakunin P.
Published: December 2021

The results of calculating the parameters of the tips of oxygen lances, taking into account the preheating of scrap metal in the converter due to the combustion of solid fuels in the modern raw material conditions of a metallurgical enterprise of Ukraine, are presented. The substantiation of the design of blowing devices is provided. The results of calculating the geometric parameters and the coefficient of off-design for standard and experimental tips of oxygen lances are presented. Using numerical methods, the value of the diameters and length of the supercritical part of the nozzle was obtained. It is shown that with a decrease in the blast flow rate, it is advisable to decrease the length of the supercritical part of the nozzle, which is fully correlated with the literature data. The change in the coefficient of off-design was determined for the studied range of oxygen consumption (600—1100 m3 / min) for standard and experimental handpieces. It is shown that the value of the coefficient of off-design is in the range of 0.52—0.98 and 1.30—2.30, respectively, for 5– and 6–nozzle standard tips. For experimental tips, this figure is 1.00—1.70. Tuyeres with experimental tips, at the pressure available in the shop, reliably operate in the range of oxygen consumption 650—950 m3 / min and allow increasing the oxygen consumption at the beginning of the blowdown to 1000—1100 m3 / min and more, if necessary. The resulting saving effect from the introduction of the modernized tips is: a decrease in the oxidation of the final slag 1.22—1.70 %; reduction in the specific consumption of lime 0.29—1.81 kg / t; reduction of specific consumption of metal charge 0.26—0.38 kg/t.
AUTOMATIC DESIGN FEATURES OF COMPLEX SHAPE DETAILS AND TECHNOLOGY OF THEIR MANUFACTURING
Authors: Korotkov V.
Published: December 2021

The creation of modern high-performance machines often involves design of details with complex surfacese and made with high precision. At the stage of design and preparation of production, project work is carried out using automation tools and modern information and computer technologies. The process of creating a project is accompanied by the preparation of appropriate documentation, sufficient to solve all possible questions, starting with the formation of a design task and disposal of the product at the end of its operation.

According to statistics, most details in mechanical engineering are simple in shape, relatively technological in production, and their surfaces are most often described in the drawings by a set of lines and circles (radius of curvature). This approach is economically justified and will ensure the reliable operation of the product during operation.

Significant difficulties arise when it is necessary to design parts with surfaces of complex geometric shape, when the geometric parameters are set by coordinate points. The accuracy of surface description depends on the number of such points and the accuracy of numerical data. Typical examples include turbine impellers, parts with aerodynamic surfaces that are used, for example, in the aerospace or rocket industries.

The process of manufacturing such parts is accompanied by overcoming specific difficulties in describing complex surfaces at the stages of design and technological preparation, as well as directly in the manufacture of parts on technological equipment, intermediate and final control of geometric accuracy.

An option for an effective solution of such problems is to record complex smooth surfaces, predefined by a set of coordinate points, splines. Modern design automation tools make it possible to use this mathematical method for modeling complex geometric objects and use it to calculate the trajectories of the forming tool on CNC machines.

On the example of parts from production, which has a complex surface, using computer-aided design systems considered options for making design and technological design decisions for production preparation, equipment design, control the accuracy of shaping when machining on CNC machines.
Exacerbation of COVID 19 in Hypertensive Patients ( A review)
Authors: Naser Noor Hatef , Abdul Aziz Alibeg Ammar
Published: December 2021

Since its discovery in December 2019, corona virus was outbreak worldwide with very rapid rate, so it described by WHO as pandemic. It associated with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, and can enter to cells through Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE 2) receptor which play an important role as regulator for blood pressure. Hypertension is a potential risk factor for sever acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19, and associated with high mortality rate as shown in many epidemiological studies. Moreover, specific antihypertensive medications that infected patients were receiving are not known; only data about renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are available.
Private liability without wrongdoing
Authors: Stone Rebecca
Published: December 2021

Rights-based theories of private law tend to be wrongs based and defendant focused. But many private law wrongs do not seem like genuine wrongs, at least when the background distribution of resources is unjust. A very poor person, for example, may be held legally liable for breaching a one-sided contract with a very rich person. When such a contract reflects and reproduces existing injustice, it is hard to view the poor person’s breach of such a contract as a genuine wrong against the rich person. Conversely, some obvious moral wrongs do not generate legal liability. There is, for example, no private law duty of rescue in the absence of a prior relationship in many situations in which most would agree that there is a moral duty of rescue. Thus, private legal liability seems not to track moral wrongdoing in significant respects, raising the question what instead justifies such liability. Instead of justifying private liability in terms of the defendant’s wrongdoing, as corrective justice and civil recourse theorists do, we should seek a justification in terms of the plaintiff’s moral permission to enforce her apparent rights. Switching our gaze from the defendant’s wrongdoing to the plaintiff’s moral permission to enforce her rights will not be normatively consequential if the plaintiff’s moral permission arises when and only when the defendant has wronged her. But, I argue, background injustice can drive a wedge between genuine wrongdoing and the plaintiff’s moral permission. Thus, by reconceptualizing private liability in terms of a plaintiff’s moral permission to enforce her apparent rights, private law may be justified by the essential role it plays in constituting non-ideal political morality.