bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La política ambiental vasca: pasado, presente y futuro
Authors:   Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Arto Olaizola Iñaki
Published: February 2025

Este artículo analiza la evolución de la política ambiental vasca en relación con las transformaciones económicas, sociales, institucionales y ambientales vividas en las últimas décadas y plantea los principales retos que tiene ante sí. Para ello, en primer lugar, se presentan desde una perspectiva histórica los principales hitos de la política ambiental en el País Vasco, desde su surgimiento en 1980 hasta la actualidad. En segundo lugar se pasa revista a su articulación institucional, a sus rasgos de funcionamiento, a las cuestiones competenciales 'tanto horizontales como verticales' y al modelo de gobernanza. Posteriormente se analiza el nivel de efectividad de la política ambiental en relación con los objetivos definidos en la misma. Por último se presentan las principales tendencias y problemas que se avecinan y las estrategias para hacerles frente.
ESTRATÉGIAS ANTIESTRESSE PARA GATOS: EDUCAÇÃO E CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO APLICADA EM ESTUDANTES DE UMA ESCOLA DA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS EM BOA VISTA, RORAIMA
Authors: Galvão André Luiz Baptista , Aguiar Ana Vitória de Souza , Dias Lívia Maria Souza , Cruz Júnior Natal Ferreira da , Silva Roberta Tereza Santana da , Nabeshima Yasmim Ayumi Andrade , Colina Ernesto Calle , Silva Gilmar Alves , Nascimento Denise Andrade do , Rizzatti Ivanise Maria
Published: February 2025

Na prática clínica no atendimento do paciente gato doméstico, deve-se considerar a conscientização da posse responsável e cuidados no ambiente domiciliar. Os cuidados nas orientações aos tutores, em locais com unidades de conservação ambiental, como a região Norte do Brasil, merecem maior atenção. A cidade de Boa Vista, capital do Estado de Roraima, está inclusa no bioma amazônico. Desta forma, a orientação em condutas de manejo domiciliar com o gato doméstico trata-se um conteúdo de extrema importância, não somente nas questões de controle populacional e doenças de caráter zoonótico, mas também, nas questões de impacto ambiental.  Os gatos são caçadores, e o desequilíbrio ambiental no bioma amazônico pode se fazer presente na ação da em caça de pequenos mamíferos, aves, répteis e peixes. Diante do supracitado, objetivou-se abordar a importância da implementação de métodos antiestresse e de enriquecimento ambiental para felinos domésticos na educação para jovens e adultos (EJA) de uma escola em Boa Vista, Roraima. A metodologia considerou a formas de enriquecer o ambiente doméstico, destacando alternativas acessíveis. A atividade promovida por seis discentes do curso de medicina veterinária sob a supervisão de docente, incluiu uma palestra expositiva para 205 estudantes da EJA.  Na palestra foram apresentados exemplos práticos para a criação de um ambiente enriquecido para gatos, visando o bem-estar animal, bem como a redução das atividades de caça do gato no ambiente que corresponde ao bioma amazônico. O enriquecimento ambiental, por meio de estímulos como brinquedos e estruturas verticais, promove a expressão de comportamentos naturais e a redução do estresse em felinos mantidos em ambientes internos, aprimorando seu bem-estar físico e emocional, reduzindo também o seu hábito de caça. Concluiu-se que a dinâmica realizada foi satisfatória, pois a abordagem foi atrativa aos alunos da EJA, que se sentiram acolhidos e inclusos com disponibilidade do conhecimento. Aos discentes do curso de medicina veterinária, a atividade permitiu melhor fixação do conteúdo aplicado em aula, bem como a estratégia de trabalho em equipe e a socialização em contribuição a comunidade local.
Red-Teaming in the Public Interest
Authors:   AI Risk and Vulnerability Alliance (ARVA), Singh Ranjit , Blili-Hamelin Borhane , Anderson Carol , Tafesse Emnet , Vecchione Briana , Duckles Beth , Metcalf Jacob
Published: February 2025

The increasing power and availability of generative AI (genAI) systems has led regulators, technologists, and members of the public to call for new safety practices to anticipate harms and protect the public interest. One early and promising approach, drawing from cybersecurity and military practices, is red-teaming, in which designated teams use adversarial methods to identify vulnerabilities in systems. Drawing on 26 semi-structured interviews and participant observation at three public red-teaming events - and based on a collaborative research project between Data & Society and AI Risk and Vulnerability Alliance (ARVA) - Red-Teaming in the Public Interest examines how red-teaming methods are being adapted to evaluate genAI.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Konsumen Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Roti Ketawa Pada Pabrik Roti Ketawa di Kecamatan Bajenis
Authors: Sinurat Yenni Mariani , Br. Saragih Anju Nindha Andira , Larasati Intan
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence consumers in making purchasing decisions for Roti Ketawa produced by the Roti Ketawa Factory in Bajenis District. The independent variables in this study include brand image, product quality, and price, while the dependent variable is consumer purchasing decisions. Data was collected through a survey using a questionnaire of consumers selected by accidental sampling. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression to identify the partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The results showed that brand image, product quality, and price partially and simultaneously had a significant effect on purchasing decisions. Among these variables, product quality has a dominant influence in shaping consumer decisions. This study provides recommendations for businesses to continue to improve product quality and build a positive brand image. In addition, competitive pricing also needs to be considered to increase competitiveness in the market. This research is expected to be the basis for developing more effective marketing strategies in the traditional food industry in Tebing Tinggi City.
Audit Manajemen Sebagai Kontrol Terhadap Efektivitas Fungsi Sumber Daya Manusia (Studi Pada PT. Bumi Sarana Beton)
Authors: Ananda Fitria , Susanto Idil Rakhmat , Arizah Ainun
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi audit manajemen dalam menilai fungsi sumberdaya manusia (SDM) pada PT. Bumi Sarana Beton. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah top management team perusahaan yang memiliki relevansi dengan fokus analisis. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh secara langsung dari informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diantara sepuluh fungsi SDM yang dianalisis terdapat delapan fungsi SDM sudah berjalan efektif yaitu, rekrutmen, pelatihan dan pengembangan karyawan, perencanaan dan pengembangan karir, penilaian kinerja karyawan, kompensasi dan balas jasa, hubungan ketenagakerjaan, keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja karyawan, dan kreativitas karyawan. Sedangkan dua fungsi SDM yang belum dilakukan secara efektif oleh perusahaan yaitu perencanaan sumber daya manusia dan seleksi dan penempatan sumber daya manusia. Penelitian ini berkontribusi terhadap pentingnya perusahaan dalam melakukan pengelolaan fungsi SDM dalam mendukung jalannya aktivitas bisnis. Penelitian ini juga memberikan tambahan wawasan literatur tentang pengembangan penelitian yang memfokuskan analisis pada pengelolan SDM pada perusahaan.
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence: Transformative Technologies in Contemporary Higher Education
Authors: Chasokela Doris
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence has rapidly become a transformative force within the contemporary higher education landscape, altering how teaching methodologies, learning experiences, and administrative functions are structured and delivered. The advancement of AI technologies presents opportunities and challenges that institutions must carefully navigate. This study explores the multifaceted perspectives of participants in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields, including educators, students, and technical staff, concerning the integration and implications of AI in higher education settings. To gather detailed insights into the lived experiences of these stakeholders, the research employs a qualitative methodology, utilizing in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. This approach allows for a rich collection of perspectives that reveal not only the enthusiasm surrounding AI’s potential to enhance learning outcomes and streamline administrative processes but also the apprehensions tied to its implementation. Participants express varied attitudes toward AI integration, with some embracing its ability to personalise learning experiences, enhance student engagement, and support educators in delivering more effective instruction. Conversely, concerns emerge regarding critical issues such as data privacy, the potential for exacerbating existing inequalities in access to technology, and the necessity of pedagogical adjustments to accommodate AI tools. The findings from this study underscore the complexity of AI’s role in higher education, illustrating the need for a thoughtful and strategic approach to its implementation. As institutions seek to harness the benefits of AI for improved educational outcomes, it becomes increasingly important to address the ethical considerations associated with its use. Recommendations from the study advocate for comprehensive faculty training to ensure educators are well-equipped to utilise AI effectively. Additionally, there is a call for revising curriculum development to incorporate AI technologies meaningfully, alongside fostering collaborative partnerships with industry to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application.
UTILIZING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PEACE, CONFLICT, AND SECURITY EDUCATION FOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
Authors: MAMMAN ALIYU SALISU  , IWANGER RUTH SAMUEL
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents transformative opportunities across sectors, particularly in education, peacebuilding, conflict resolution, and economic development. This paper examines the integration of AI into peace, conflict, and security education as a means to foster skill development and drive economic empowerment. AI-driven tools and strategies, such as personalized learning, predictive analytics, and simulation-based training, are explored for their potential to revolutionize educational outcomes and prepare individuals for real-world challenges. Personalized learning systems adapt to individual needs, fostering deeper engagement and better knowledge retention. Predictive analytics, meanwhile, enable early detection of potential conflicts and support data-driven decision-making. Simulation-based training provides immersive experiences for learners, equipping them with practical skills in negotiation, mediation, and crisis management. However, the integration of AI in this domain faces challenges, including access inequality, algorithmic bias, and data privacy concerns. In many low-resource settings, limited access to AI technologies exacerbates the digital divide, hindering equitable participation in AI-enhanced education. Furthermore, biases in AI algorithms can perpetuate existing inequalities, emphasizing the need for ethical frameworks and transparent governance. The paper provides actionable recommendations, including enhancing digital infrastructure, fostering public-private partnerships, and developing ethical policies to guide AI deployment responsibly. These measures aim to align peace and security education with sustainable development goals (SDGs), promoting inclusive learning and economic empowerment globally. By addressing challenges and leveraging AI’s potential, this study highlights pathways to create resilient, innovative, and equitable systems for education and development.
Modelación Numérica de Muros de Mampostería Sometidos a Explosiones
Authors: Codina Ramón H. , Ambrosini Daniel
Published: February 2025

Los muros de mampostería son ampliamente usados en centros urbanos. El estudio de su respuesta frente a cargas explosivas es fundamental, tanto para perfeccionar el diseño de estructuras susceptibles a estas acciones, como para desarrollar herramientas de análisis de atentados, ataques militares o accidentes industriales. La predicción de la respuesta estructural de muros ante explosiones supone un desafío complejo, dada su naturaleza no lineal, influenciada por factores como la adherencia y los mecanismos de fricción entre sus componentes. En los últimos años, diversos autores han propuesto modelos de simulación con distintos niveles de complejidad. Estos incluyen micro-modelos, que detallan todos los componentes del muro, micro-modelos simplificados, donde el mortero y las interfaces se agrupan para formar superficies de contacto entre los ladrillos y macro-modelos homogéneos, que consideran un material orto trópico para reflejar las variaciones en el comportamiento mecánico en diferentes direcciones. Es esencial estudiar y comparar estos modelos, así como calibrar los numerosos parámetros que los definen. Este trabajo presenta una alternativa de modelación explícita y compara sus resultados con datos experimentales previamente obtenidos.
Diseño de Placas Localmente Resonantes Amortiguadas
Authors: Cortínez Víctor H. , Dominguez Patricia N. , Stoklas Cecilia I.
Published: February 2025

Se presenta un enfoque para estudiar la dinámica de estructuras localmente resonantes, conformadas por una placa a la que se acopla un conjunto de resonadores elásticos graduados distribuidos periódicamente sobre la misma. El modelo matemático de tal estructura localmente resonante se representa mediante una placa, formulada mediante la teoría de Mindlin, acoplada a una distribución continua de resonadores tipo masa-resorte-amortiguador. Se realiza un análisis modal de tales ecuaciones en términos de las autofunciones correspondientes a la placa huésped (sin resonadores). Se presenta un criterio para definir los “bandgaps” de estas estructuras finitas como aquellos rangos de frecuencia en los cuales todos los factores de amplificación modal son menores que uno. Se proponen fórmulas simples para el prediseño de la rigidez, masa y amortiguamiento del sistema de resonadores en pos de ampliar el rango de atenuación alrededor de una frecuencia objetivo.
PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT AS KEY ENABLER FOR CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Authors: Hohenhoff Rainer , Leschinski Philipp
Published: February 2025

A Circular Economy is an alternative to a traditional linear economy (make, use, dispose) in which we keep resources in use as long as possible, extract the maximum value from them, and ultimately recycle products and materials at the end of each useful life. Sustainability is at the heart of BMW Group‘s broader strategy, encompassing all relevant aspects, from the supply chain to production and the product life cycle. Our clear claim is that the GREENEST ELECTRIC VEHICLE comes from BMW. We are reducing CO2 emissions per vehicle over the entire value chain. This is what sets the BMW Group apart.
Utilising machine learning for improved weather forecasting and analysis
Authors: - Sunny kumar , - Prince raj , - Chandan kumar
Published: February 2025

Weather forecasting has long been an essential application in various domains, including agriculture, transportation, disaster management, and daily planning. Traditional methods based on physical and statistical models have limitations in accuracy and computational efficiency. With advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), these technologies have emerged as powerful tools for enhancing weather prediction. This paper explores how AI and ML are transforming weather forecasting, discussing key methodologies, models,
datasets, and challenges while providing an overview of their current and potential applications.
Development of School Education in Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Issues and Challenges
Authors: - Kailash Chandra Joshi
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT: Prior to the advent of the skills of reading and writing, society could be classified as being in the pre-literate cultural stage. The change from pre-literate to literate society is said to have begun somewhere during the fourth millennium BC through a gradual transition from pictography to the use of an alphabet (Golden, 1968). After the advent of the dual skills of reading and writing, the relevance of education to the cultural advancement enhanced significantly. Education is essential for eradicating poverty and mental isolation. It is also necessary for permitting the free play of demographic processes. It is considered as an index of the pace at which the socio-economic transformation of a society is taking place. Andaman and Nicobar Islands is a far flung place away from mainland India and where the sight of economic growth reaches very slow, education plays an important role in its overall development.
Mean Cordial Labeling Patterns In Shadow- Graphs Of Paths
Authors: - ANSARI SAIMA
Published: February 2025

Let f be a function from V (G) to {0,1,2}. Give a numerical value (label) from {0, 1, 2} for every edge uv. f is called a mean cordial labeling if |v_f (i)-v_f (j)|≤1 and |e_f (i)-e_f (j)|≤1, ∀ i,j ∈ {0,1,2} where v_f (x) and e_f (x) represent the number of vertices and edges respectively labeled as x(x = 0,1,2). A graph with mean cordial labeling is called a mean cordial graph. In this paper, we study the mean cordial labeling pattern of shadow-graphs of path graphs D_2 (P_n ), for n≥2
अधिकारों के रूप में नागरिक चार्टर की प्रभावशीलता
Authors: - अमित कुमार , - मीनाक्षी शर्मा
Published: February 2025

सहभागी शासन आधुनिक लोकतांत्रिक समाजों का एक महत्वपूर्ण घटक है, जो यह सुनिश्चित करता है कि नागरिकों को निर्णय लेने की प्रक्रियाओं में अपनी आवाज़ रखने का अवसर मिले। नागरिक चार्टर ऐसे ढांचे के रूप में कार्य करते हैं जो नागरिकों के अधिकारों और कर्तव्यों को परिभाषित करते हैं, साथ ही शासन में पारदर्शिता, जवाबदेही और समावेशिता को बढ़ावा देते हैं। यह शोध पत्र भारत में सहभागी शासन को मजबूत करने में नागरिक चार्टर्स की भूमिका, उनके लोकतांत्रिक संस्थानों पर प्रभाव और उनके कार्यान्वयन से जुड़ी चुनौतियों की जांच करता है। विभिन्न भारतीय राज्यों से अध्ययन प्रस्तुत करते हुए, यह पत्र नागरिक सहभागिता को बढ़ाने के लिए सर्वोत्तम प्रक्रियाओं और नीतिगत सिफारिशों को रेखांकित करता है।
New Long Chain Aliphatic Compounds From Butea Monosperma (Lamk)
Authors: Nigam Dr. Ritu
Published: February 2025

A new long chain aliphatic compounds- triacont-3, 17-diene 1, 25-methyl-dotriacont-6, 20-diene- 17-one 2, undecylhexadecanoate 3 and two known compounds- stigmasterol 4, and β-sitosterol 5 have been isolated from the acetone extract of the stem bark Butea monosperma. The structures of these compounds have been elucidated by a combination of spectral methods (IR, MS, 1H, and 13C NMR). The plant showed antioxidant, antidiarrhoeal, dermal, wound healing, antidiabetic, antistress, anticonvulsive, antihepatotoxic, antiestrogenic and antihelmintic activities. Many of them are used in industry for various applications like perfumes, flavors, deodorants, antiseptic and pharmaceuticals. The aim of the present study was to analyze three new long chain aliphatic compounds from the acetone extract of the stem bark of B. monosperma.
Development and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of PARACETAMOL and PAMABROM in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Padaliya Hardik
Published: February 2025

Two methods for simultaneous estimation of Paracetamol and Pamabrom in combined tablet dosage form have been developed using Dist. water as a solvent. The first UV spectrophotometric method was a determination using the simultaneous equation method at 245.0 nm and 279.0 nm. The second UV spectrophotometric method is the Q – analysis (absorption ratio) method, which involves the formation of absorbance equation at 265.0 nm (iso absorptive point) and at 279.0 nm the maximum absorption of Pamabrom. The linearity ranges for Paracetamol and Pamabrom were 4-14 μg/ml and 2-12 μg/ml respectively. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies was found to be 98.06%and 98.95 for simultaneous equation method and 98.65% and 99.54% for Q analysis (absorption ratio) method for Paracetamol and Pamabrom respectively. These methods are simple, accurate and rapid; those require no preliminary separation and can therefore be used for routine analysis of both drugs in quality control laboratories.
Pharmaceutical Scenario in Today's Era
Authors: Rathore Dr. Kamal Singh
Published: February 2025

Innovation is a new way of life and pharmaceutical sector is one of those sector where plethora of opportunities are existing. The pharmaceutical industry in India is most progressive and advanced among all the developed and developing countries. The industry has provided great employment opportunities to thousands of people, apart from contributing greatly towards the Indian economy.
Ką atskleidžia B. Blagoveščenskio užrašai: tarpukario daugiabučių statybos ypatumai
Authors: Naujokaitė-Hermanspahn Asta
Published: February 2025

Straipsnyje aprašoma vieno iš tarpukario mūrinių daugiabučių statyba, nagrinėjamos šio laikotarpio konstrukcijos ir medžiagos – plytų perdangos, mūro ir gelžbetonio konstrukcijos, medinės pertvaros, tinkai, stalių gaminiai, įvairios grindų konstrukcijos ir dangos. Remiamasi autentišku namo statybos darbų žurnalu-dienoraščiu, išverstu iš rusų kalbos, ir kita projektine bei statybos dokumentacija, taip pat tarpukario statybos vadovėliais, statybos kainoraščiais ir periodinės spaudos straipsniais. Vartojama (su paaiškinimais) to laikmečio terminologija.
The Effects of Hemiparasitism by Castilleja Species on Community Structure in Alpine Ecosystems
Authors: Reed Johannah
Published: February 2025

There is a long history in ecology of examining how interactions such as competition, predation, and mutualism influence the structure and dynamics of natural communities. However, few studies to date have experimentally assessed the role of hemiparasitic plants as a structuring force. Hemiparasitic plants have the potential to shape plant communities because of their ability to photosynthesize and parasitize and because of their abundance in a variety of natural and managed ecosystems. A study was conducted which focused on the impacts of hemiparasitic species in the genus Castilleja, which are ubiquitous in montane meadows in the Colorado Rockies. This study employed a manipulative experiment in which Castilleja was removed from intact communities and surveys were conducted over an extensive elevational gradient to examine the relationship between the natural density of Castilleja and a suite of community-level properties. The experiment showed that the communities in which Castilleja was removed had lower evenness than plots where Castilleja was present. This suggests that the presence of Castilleja promotes evenness or more equal dominance of plant species in the community. The observational study, in contrast, showed no statistical differences in community-level properties in plots with and without Castilleja species present. Taken together, this research demonstrates that hemiparasites do have the potential to shape plant communities in alpine ecosystems, but more research should be done to determine the extent of their effects in natural and manipulated systems.
The Kitchen as a Social-Spatial Barometer: Deconstructing the Domestic Realm From a Gender Perspective
Authors:   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain, Amoroso Serafina , Alcocer Atxu Amann ,   Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
Published: February 2025

Emergent domesticities have generated new forms of urban life that have dissolved the historical duality between the home and the city. Last century's gender revolution in Western societies, together with contemporary technologies, has affected how people organise their daily lives. Everyday time has replaced typological space, blurring the lines between reproductive and productive activities and consequently affecting private and public spaces and how we live together. Pre- modern dwellings consisted of spatial spaces in which a few pieces of furniture were used to carry out everyday activities and were replaced in 18th-century bourgeois culture by spatial devices organised into 'room.' Defined typologically according to modern concepts such as intimacy, domesticity and privacy, as opposed to the public sphere, room has now become a political tool to challenge the status quo. This article focuses on a renewed understanding of the kitchen as the appropriate element to showcase emerging ways of life related to architecture, gender, and the city, which coexist with the prevailing model of capitalism. The text aims to highlight the shift from a model based on relationships of social reproduction to a (counter-)model relying on caring and collective interactions that can contribute to the unfinished process of gender equality and social justice.
Multimodal mismatch responses in mouse auditory cortex
Authors: Solyga Magdalena , Keller Georg B
Published: February 2025

Our movements result in predictable sensory feedback that is often multimodal. Based on deviations between predictions and actual sensory input, primary sensory areas of cortex have been shown to compute sensorimotor prediction errors. How prediction errors in one sensory modality influence the computation of prediction errors in another modality is still unclear. To investigate multimodal prediction errors in mouse auditory cortex, we used a virtual environment to experimentally couple running to both self-generated auditory and visual feedback. Using two-photon microscopy, we first characterized responses of layer 2/3 (L2/3) neurons to sounds, visual stimuli, and running onsets and found responses to all three stimuli. Probing responses evoked by audiomotor (AM) mismatches, we found that they closely resemble visuomotor (VM) mismatch responses in visual cortex (V1). Finally, testing for cross modal influence on AM mismatch responses by coupling both sound amplitude and visual flow speed to the speed of running, we found that AM mismatch responses were amplified when paired with concurrent VM mismatches. Our results demonstrate that multimodal and non-hierarchical interactions shape prediction error responses in cortical L2/3.
Diverse prey capture strategies in teleost larvae
Authors: Mearns Duncan S , Hunt Sydney A , Schneider Martin W , Parker Ash V , Stemmer Manuel , Baier Herwig
Published: February 2025

Animal behavior is adapted to the sensory environment in which it evolved, while also being constrained by physical limits, evolutionary history, and developmental trajectories. The hunting behavior of larval zebrafish (
Danio rerio
), a cyprinid native to streams in Eastern India, has been well characterized. However, it is unknown if the complement and sequence of movements employed during prey capture by zebrafish is universal across freshwater teleosts. Here, we explore the syntax of prey capture behavior in larval fish belonging to the clade
Percomorpha
, whose last common ancestor with cyprinids lived ∼240 million years ago. We compared the behavior of four cichlid species from Lake Tanganyika endemic to deep benthic parts of the lake (
Lepidiolamprologus attenuatus
,
Lamprologus ocellatus
, and
Neolamprologus multifasciatus
) or inhabiting rivers (
Astatotilapia burtoni
) with that of medaka (
Oryzias latipes
), a fish found in rice paddies in East Asia. Using high speed videography and neural networks, we tracked eye movements and extracted swim kinematics during hunting from larvae of these five species. Notably, we found that the repertoire of hunting movements of cichlids is broader than that of zebrafish, but shares basic features, such as eye convergence, positioning of prey centrally in the binocular visual field, and discrete prey capture bouts, including two kinds of capture strikes. In contrast, medaka swim continuously, track the prey monocularly without eye convergence, and position prey laterally before capturing them with a side swing. This configuration of kinematic motifs suggests that medaka may judge distance to prey predominantly by motion parallax, while cichlids and zebrafish may mainly use binocular visual cues. Together, our study documents the diversification of locomotor and oculomotor adaptations among hunting teleost larvae.
Elevated DNA Damage without signs of aging in the short-sleeping Mexican Cavefish
Authors: Lloyd Evan , Xia Fanning , Moore Kinsley , Zertuche Carolina , Rastogi Aakriti , Kozol Rob , Kenzior Olga , Warren Wesley , Appelbaum Lior , Moran Rachel L , Zhao Chongbei , Duboue Erik , Rohner Nicolas , Keene Alex C
Published: February 2025

Dysregulation of sleep has widespread health consequences and represents an enormous health burden. Short-sleeping individuals are predisposed to the effects of neurodegeneration, suggesting a critical role for sleep in the maintenance of neuronal health. While the effects of sleep on cellular function are not completely understood, growing evidence has identified an association between sleep loss and DNA damage, raising the possibility that sleep facilitates efficient DNA repair. The Mexican tetra fish,
Astyanax mexicanus
provides a model to investigate the evolutionary basis for changes in sleep and the consequences of sleep loss. Multiple cave-adapted populations of these fish have evolved to sleep for substantially less time compared to surface populations of the same species without identifiable impacts on healthspan or longevity. To investigate whether the evolved sleep loss is associated with DNA damage and cellular stress, we compared the DNA Damage Response (DDR) and oxidative stress levels between
A. mexicanus
populations. We measured markers of chronic sleep loss and discovered elevated levels of the DNA damage marker γH2AX in the brain, and increased oxidative stress in the gut of cavefish, consistent with chronic sleep deprivation. Notably, we found that acute UV-induced DNA damage elicited an increase in sleep in surface fish but not in cavefish. On a transcriptional level, only the surface fish activated the photoreactivation repair pathway following UV damage. These findings suggest a reduction of the DDR in cavefish compared to surface fish that coincides with elevated DNA damage in cavefish. To examine DDR pathways at a cellular level, we created an embryonic fibroblast cell line from the two populations of
A. mexicanus
. We observed that both the DDR and DNA repair were diminished in the cavefish cells, corroborating the
in vivo
findings and suggesting that the acute response to DNA damage is lost in cavefish. To investigate the long-term impact of these changes, we compared the transcriptome in the brain and gut of aged surface fish and cavefish. Strikingly, many genes that are differentially expressed between young and old surface fish do not transcriptionally vary by age in cavefish. Taken together, these findings suggest that cavefish have developed resilience to sleep loss, despite possessing cellular hallmarks of chronic sleep deprivation.
N. sphaeroides phycocyanin subunit Ns-α and Ns-β improve C. elegans antioxidative capacity via ROS-related regulation
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Zhang Caiyun , Zhou Shuwen , Cheng Chao , Fang Qing
Published: February 2025

Oxidative stress and damage to macromolecules due to free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) are commonly considered factors that can impair health. This study investigated the potential antioxidant properties of of two subunit proteins associated with the pigment-protein complex phycocyanin derived from Nostoc sphaeroides (Gexianmi). Bacterial expression vectors were separately constructed to induce the two engineering subunit proteins, Ns-α and Ns-β. These engineering proteins were then examined for their potential to enhance antioxidative capacity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Firstly, a proper concentration of the proteins Ns-α and Ns-β in vitro exhibited 2, 2-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Secondly, while there were no other observed effects on the nematodes, those treated with the proteins showed significant improvements in motility and reduced levels of lipofuscin compared to the control group. Furthermore, thirdly, the treated nematodes demonstrated increased resistance to oxidation, as evidenced by the higher survivals under oxidative conditions induced by 5 mM H2O2. Notably, the treated nematodes exhibited decline in endogenous ROS levels, and the redox-related genes, such as SOD-3 and CAT-1, were down-regulated following consumption of the engineering proteins. Taken together, these findings suggest that engineering proteins Ns-α and Ns-β improve the antioxidative capacity of C. elegans by modulating ROS-related regulation, making them potential modulators in responding to oxidative stressors.
Cutting-edge Strategies for Scaling Down Pain in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rajadurai OR Jeff Walter , Likhit CS , Kumar Shailesh , Kanna P Dinesh
Published: February 2025

Postoperative musculoskeletal pain is a significant challenge in orthopaedic surgery, leading to discomfort, restricted mobility and delayed recovery. Effective pain management strategies are crucial for optimising patient outcomes, reducing opioid reliance and enhancing recovery. The present review examines recent advancements in pain management techniques, focusing on multimodal analgesia, regional anaesthesia and non pharmacological interventions. The findings highlight the efficacy of multimodal analgesia, which integrates pharmacological approaches such as opioids, Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), and N-MethylD-Aspartate (NMDA) antagonists with non pharmacological methods like Radiofrequency (RF) ablation, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS). Innovations such as oliceridine offer effective opioid alternatives with fewer side-effects. Regional anaesthesia techniques, particularly nerve blocks, demonstrate significant potential in reducing opioid consumption and promoting recovery. The integration of these strategies has significantly advanced postoperative care, reducing opioid dependence and improving pain management. Ongoing research is essential to further optimise these approaches, ensuring their safety and enhancing patient quality of life.
Level of Awareness and Extent of Implementation of the Child Protection Policy in Flora District
Authors: Natividad Amparo C.
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The aim of the policy is to safeguard and promote our pupils’ welfare, safety and health by fostering an honest, open, caring and supportive climate. Pupil’s safety is of paramount is importance in our aspirations to achieve every child matters outcomes for our all children.
Methods: The study used the descriptive – correlation research design. Since the study dealt with information related to the existing facts regarding the" The level of Implementation of Child Protection Policy” which can be gathered through a questionnaire. Likewise, correlation research because it established the relationship between the profile variables of the respondents and the level of practice of the respondents.
Major Findings: Based on the gathered data, a big portion of the respondents are female that comprises 110 or 93.22% of the total respondents. On the other hand, male comprises only 8 or 6.78% out of 118 respondents. This shows that the majority of the respondents are female. Prevalent portion of the respondents'' age bracket belongs to 26-30 years’ old which comprises 35 or 29.66%, followed by 26.27% from the age bracket of 36 – 40. Followed by 16.10% of the age bracket of 31 - 35, next by age bracket of 41 – 45 or 10. Large portion of the respondents belong to married status which comprises 57.63% of the total respondents.
Conclusions: The teaching personnel have always been there providing valuable aid in the promotion of educational services by means of impressive quality performance. Good performance attracts prospective people who wanted to join the field of educators. Bad performance repels them away. In effect, the foregoing identified problems are the root causes of lousy performance, lax implementation of orders, polices’ non-concern to their jobs, low morale, and low use of abilities, and ill-mannered attitudes towards the teaching profession.
Reform of College English Teaching Model: Embracing Mobile-Assisted Collaborative Language Learning
Authors: Zhang Yan
Published: February 2025

Aims: This study aimed to explore the reform of the mobile-assisted collaborative language learning teaching model in college English. Its intention was to address the existing problems in current college English classroom teaching and enhance teaching quality and students' comprehensive English abilities.
Methodology: Operating in the context of college English teaching practice, the study employed a combination of theoretical analysis and practical case studies. It elaborated on the construction and implementation details of the teaching model, covering pre-class preparation, classroom teaching, and after-class extension stages.
Results: The mobile-assisted collaborative language learning teaching model devised a logically rigorous operational framework, integrating mobile and collaborative learning. It provided precise learning resources, reasonable classroom grouping, innovative after-class tasks, and a scientific evaluation system. A mobile-assisted learning mode effectively broke the traditional teaching deadlock, met students' personalized needs, created ample practice opportunities, and significantly improved teaching outcomes.
Conclusion: This is the first case study on embracing mobile-assisted collaborative language learning in China. The reform of this teaching model has achieved remarkable results. It can improve learners’ English performance and the learning motivations. However, continuous attention and improvement in aspects such as resource update, teaching process optimization, and evaluation system refinement are still required to better serve college English teaching and students' development.
Osmanlı Donanması’nda Kömür Kullanımına Genel Bir Bakış (1781-1850)
Authors: Kocaoğlu Burak
Published: February 2025

During the period when shipbuilding technology was based on wood, charcoal was used extensively as a heat source in the production of the iron parts of the ships. Thanks to its rich forest resources, the Ottoman Empire, which had a great advantage over its contemporary states in the supply of charcoal, continued its construction activities by supplying charcoal without being dependent on foreign sources. However, this advantageous situation of the Ottoman Empire ended with the start of the construction of steamships in the first quarter of the 19th century. Lacking the means to build such ships, which required know-how and economic power during the construction phase, the Ottoman Empire resorted to purchasing steamships, which it saw as a matter of security and prestige. With the purchase of steamships, the coal needed as an energy source was procured from European countries, especially England. In this study, the types of coal used in the Ottoman Navy during the transition from sailboat to steamship and its areas of use, the ways in which coal was procured, the problems encountered during the procurement process and the Ottoman Empire’s approach to the problems are discussed using archival sources.
Türk Millî Mücadelesine Katılan ve İstiklal Madalyası Alan Kudüslü Subaylar
Authors: Korkmaz Erdal
Published: February 2025

Osmanlı Devleti, 1914 yılında cereyan eden Umumi Harbe Almanya ile birlikte girmiş ve bu süreç sonunda ülke içi ile dışında birçok cephede mücadele etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Harp sırasında Osmanlı Devleti, aldığı seferberlik kararı sonucu 2.850.000 askeri muharebelerde kullanmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin seferberlik kararı sonrası, ülkenin değişik bölgelerinden birçok asker orduda görev almıştır. Bu şehirlerden biri de Kudüs olmuştur. İslam Coğrafyasının önemli kentlerinden biri olan Kudüs’ten Birinci Dünya Harbi’ne, Osmanlı Ordusu saflarında görev yapmak üzere 31 subay ve 106 yedek subay katılmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti, 1918 yılında yaptığı Mondros Mütarekesi ile Birinci Dünya Harbi’nden çekilmiştir. Mütareke sonrası başlayan işgaller, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) Paşa önderliğinde Millî Mücadelenin başlamasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Millî Mücadele’ye Anadolu dışındaki Osmanlı bakiyesi Kudüs’ten 9 subay katılmış ve ilgili kişiler, bağımsızlık savaşının kazanılmasında yaptıkları ile etkili olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Türk İstiklâl Harbi’ne Kudüs’ten katılan 9 subayın safahatına yer verilmiştir. Araştırma, Türk İstiklâl Harbi’ne Osmanlı bakiyesi ve memleketi Kudüs olan kişilerin de destek verdiğini göstermiştir.
Leninakan Türk Konsolosluğu ve Leninakan-Kars Yolunda Meydana Gelen Gelişmeler (1925-1938)
Authors: Başarır Mehtap , Boy Arzu
Published: February 2025

Bu çalışma, 1921 tarihli Kars Antlaşması’na bağlı olarak Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetleri Birliği (SSCB) ve Türkiye arasında kurulan Leninakan Konsolosluğu’nu konu almaktadır. 1925-1938 yılları arasında faaliyet gösteren konsoloslukla ilgili bilgiler Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Dışişleri Bakanlığı Türk Diplomatik Arşivi, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Atatürk Kitaplığı Arşivi, süreli yayınlar ile telif ve tetkik eserlerden elde edilmiştir. Araştırmaya esas sınırlar içerisinde Leninakan Konsolosluğu’nda yaşanan gelişmeler, gönderilen notlar Sovyet Rusya ile Türkiye arasındaki siyasi, ticari ve diplomasi alanındaki gelişmelerin, değişimlerin, politikaların iz düşümlerini yansıtmaktadır. Bütünleştirici değerlendirmeyle incelendiğinde iki ülke arasında dostluk ilişkilerinin geliştiği dönemde ticaretin ivme kazandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Dönemin ithalat ve ihracat cetvellerine bakıldığında Türkiye’nin zirai ve tarım ürünleri; Sovyet Rusya’nın sanayi ürünleri üzerinden ihracat yaptıkları fark edilmektedir. Diğer yandan Ermenistan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti’ndeki yerel yöneticilerin Türklere karşı milliyet taassubunu zaman zaman ön planda tuttukları anlaşılmaktadır. Leninakan Konsolosluğu’nun ayrıca Sovyet Rusya’da bulunan Amerikan vatandaşlarının işlemlerini yürüttüğü de görülmektedir.
Amerikan Ticaret Raporlarında Ma’mûretü’l-Azîz Vilayeti ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin Vilayetteki Ticari Faaliyetleri (1900-1909)
Authors: Dilmaç İlksen
Published: February 2025

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri 19. yüzyıldan itibaren Osmanlı Devleti ile ticaret yapmak için temaslarda bulunmuştur. 1830 yılında imzalanan Ticaret ve Seyrisefain Antlaşmasıyla iki ülke arasındaki ilişkiler resmiyet kazanmıştır. Bu Antlaşma sonrası Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Osmanlı Devleti’nin bazı liman kentlerinde konsolosluklar açarak Osmanlı Devleti’nde yaşayan Amerikalıların ve burada ticaret yapan Amerikalı tüccarların haklarını korumayı amaçlamışlardır. 19. Yüzyılın sonlarına doğru Amerikan misyonerler Anadolu’nun iç kesimlerinde Amerikan konsolosluklarının kurulması talebinde bulunmuşlardır. Bu talep doğrultusunda 1901 yılında Ma’mûretü’l-Azîz Vilayeti’nde Harput Amerikan Konsolosluğu açılmıştır. Buraya atanan konsoloslar Ma’mûretü’l-Azîz Vilayeti’nin ticaret potansiyeli ve Vilayetteki ticari faaliyetlere yönelik ayrıntılı raporlar hazırlamışlardır. Amerikan Ulusal Arşivleri’nde (NARA) ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Ticaret ve Çalışma Bakanlığı’nda (The United States Department of Commerce and Labor) muhafaza edilen Harput Amerikan Konsolosluğu raporları ekseninde oluşturulan bu çalışmada, Ma’mûretü’l-Azîz Vilayeti’nin ekonomik durumu ve vilayetteki Amerikan ticari faaliyetleri irdelenmiştir.
Red Nodule on the Scalp in a Healthy Young Man
Authors: del Puerto Constanza , Aspillaga Soledad , Castro Alex
Published: April 2024

A man in his 40s was referred for an 8-mm red, firm, mobile nodule with irregular red lacunae and vessels and an absence of septa. What is your diagnosis?
Controllable Phase Transformation by Van der Waals Encapsulation in Electrochemically Exfoliated PdSe2 Nanosheets
Authors: Hao Qiaoyan , Huang Jiarui , Liu Jidong , Li Junzi , Gan Haibo , Tu Yudi , Wang Zixuan , Ou Haohui , Li Zhiwei , Hu Yutao , Zhang Wenjing
Published: April 2024

2D orthorhombic palladium diselenide is attracting rapidly increased interest by virtue of its fascinating physical properties and feasibility of phase transformation. However, it remains a major challenge to produce ultrathin PdSe2 through a facile chemical route and control phase transformation because of its anisotropic structure with strong interlayer coupling. Here, the efficient synthesis of few‐layer PdSe2 nanosheets with large sizes using an electrochemical exfoliation approach is reported. Upon thermal annealing at 300–350 °C, the as‐exfoliated PdSe2 nanosheets transform into metallic phase PdSe2‐x, as verified by scanning transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical characterizations. Simple encapsulation using hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) can effectively suppress the Se‐loss triggered phase transformation, so that a metal‐semiconductor junction is formed by local phase modification. The fabricated PdSe2 field‐effect transistors exhibit p‐type transport property, which is in stark contrast to electron‐dominated ambipolar transport of pristine PdSe2 devices. The combination of high‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that the modulation of carrier polarity in h‐BN encapsulated PdSe2 should arise from the p‐doping effect associated with the impact of interfacial condition. The study opens up a new route for future phase‐engineered electronics in PdSe2 and other 2D noble metal dichalcogenides materials.
Planar Chiral Metasurface Based on Coupling Quasi‐Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Su Zhaoxian , Yang Yuxuan , Xiong Bo , Zhao Ruize , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling
Published: April 2024

Chiral metasurface based on bound state in the continuum (BIC) possesses extremely high Q factor. However, intrinsic chiral BIC only can be realized by breaking out‐of‐plane mirror symmetry with complicated 3D structures. In this work, a design of planar intrinsic chiral metasurface supporting orthogonal BICs is proposed. The coupling strength, eigenfrequency, and radiation loss of the two quasi‐BICs can be tuned by metasurface parameters. By adjusting the metasurface parameters, the two quasi‐BICs merge to an exceptional point (EP). Around EP, one of the BICs transforms to chiral BIC with circular eigenstate polarization. In the parameter space, different elliptical eigenstate polarizations with the same helicity wind around the EP. The polarizations of the quasi‐BICs nearly fully cover the Poincaré sphere by changing the geometry parameters. The superchiral fields of the quasi‐BICs will also be greatly enhanced near the EP. The simulation result shows high circular dichroism at resonance frequency. The design provides a new strategy for polarization detection and chiral light sources.