bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic Acetaminophen Exposure in Pediatric Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Leonis Mike A. , Alonso Estella M. , Im Kelly , Belle Steven H. , Squires Robert H. ,   for the Pediatric Acute Liver Failure Study Group
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUND:

Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol [APAP]) is a widely used medication that can cause hepatotoxicity. We examined characteristics and outcomes of children with chronic exposure (CE) to APAP in the multinational Pediatric Acute Liver Failure (PALF) Study.

METHODS:

A total of 895 children enrolled from 2002 to 2009 were grouped by APAP exposure history as: CE (received multiple doses \x{2265}2 days; n = 83), single dose exposure (SE; n = 85), and no exposure (NE; n = 498). CE was the reference group for pairwise comparisons. Median values are shown.

RESULTS:

Patients with CE compared with those with SE were younger (3.5 vs 15.2 years, P < .0001), less likely to be female (46% vs 82%, P < .0001), and more likely to be Hispanic (25% vs 7%, P = .001), but they did not differ significantly from the NE group. At enrollment, total bilirubin was lower with CE than with NE (3.2 vs 13.1 mg/dL, P < .001). Alanine aminotransferase levels were higher with CE than with NE (2384 vs 855 IU/L, P < .0001), but lower than with SE (5140 IU/L, P < .0001). Survival without liver transplantation at 21 days was worse for CE than for SE (68% vs 92%, P = .0004) but better than for NE (49%, P = .008).

CONCLUSIONS:

Children in the PALF study with CE had lower bilirubin and higher alanine aminotransferase than those with NE. Outcomes with CE were worse than with SE but better than with NE. Potential reasons for this outcomes advantage over non–APAP-exposed subjects should be explored.
Different Guidelines for Imaging After First UTI in Febrile Infants: Yield, Cost, and Radiation
Authors: La Scola Claudio , De Mutiis Chiara , Hewitt Ian K. , Puccio Giuseppe , Toffolo Antonella , Zucchetta Pietro , Mencarelli Francesca , Marsciani Martino , Dall’Amico Roberto , Montini Giovanni
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the yield, economic, and radiation costs of 5 diagnostic algorithms compared with a protocol where all tests are performed (ultrasonography scan, cystography, and late technetium99dimercaptosuccinic acid scan) in children after the first febrile urinary tract infections.

METHODS:

A total of 304 children, 2 to 36 months of age, who completed the diagnostic follow-up (ultrasonography, cystourethrography, and acute and late technetium99dimercaptosuccinic acid scans) of a randomized controlled trial (Italian Renal Infection Study 1) were eligible. The guidelines applied to this cohort in a retrospective simulation were: Melbourne Royal Children’s Hospital, National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE), top down approach, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology. Primary outcomes were the yield of abnormal tests for each diagnostic protocol; secondary outcomes were the economic and radiation costs.

RESULTS:

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was identified in 66 (22%) children and a parenchymal scarring was identified in 45 (15%). For detection of VUR (47/66) and scarring (45/45), the top down approach showed the highest sensitivity (76% and 100%, respectively) but also the highest economic and radiation costs (€52 268. 624 mSv). NICE (19/66) and AAP (18/66) had the highest specificities for VUR (90%) and the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology had the highest specificity (20/45) for scars (86%). NICE would have been the least costly (€26 838) and AAP would have resulted in the least radiation exposure (42 mSv).

CONCLUSIONS:

There is no ideal diagnostic protocol following a first febrile urinary tract infection. An aggressive protocol has a high sensitivity for detecting VUR and scarring but carries high financial and radiation costs with questionable benefit.
Interns' Success With Clinical Procedures in Infants After Simulation Training
Authors: Kessler David O. , Arteaga Grace , Ching Kevin , Haubner Laura , Kamdar Gunjan , Krantz Amanda , Lindower Julie , Miller Michael , Petrescu Matei , Pusic Martin V. , Rocker Joshua , Shah Nikhil , Strother Christopher , Tilt Lindsey , Weinberg Eric R. , Chang Todd P. , Fein Daniel M. , Auerbach Marc
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Simulation-based medical education (SBME) is used to teach residents. However, few studies have evaluated its clinical impact. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of an SBME session on pediatric interns’ clinical procedural success.

METHODS:

This randomized trial was conducted at 10 academic medical centers. Interns were surveyed on infant lumbar puncture (ILP) and child intravenous line placement (CIV) knowledge and watched audiovisual expert modeling of both procedures. Participants were randomized to SBME mastery learning for ILP or CIV and for 6 succeeding months reported clinical performance for both procedures. ILP success was defined as obtaining a sample on the first attempt with <1000 red blood cells per high-power field or fluid described as clear. CIV success was defined as placement of a functioning catheter on the first try. Each group served as the control group for the procedure for which they did not receive the intervention.

RESULTS:

Two-hundred interns participated (104 in the ILP group and 96 in the CIV group). Together, they reported 409 procedures. ILP success rates were 34% (31 of 91) for interns who received ILP mastery learning and 34% (25 of 73) for controls (difference: 0.2% [95% confidence interval: –0.1 to 0.1]). The CIV success rate was 54% (62 of 115) for interns who received CIV mastery learning compared with 50% (58 of 115) for controls (difference: 3% [95% confidence interval: –10 to 17]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Participation in a single SBME mastery learning session was insufficient to affect pediatric interns’ subsequent procedural success.
Trends in Resource Utilization for Hospitalized Children With Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Authors: Lopez Michelle A. , Cruz Andrea T. , Kowalkowski Marc A. , Raphael Jean L.
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE:

To describe trends in national resource utilization for pediatric skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) hospitalizations.

METHODS:

This was a cross-sectional analysis of hospital discharges from 1997 to 2009 within the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database for children with isolated SSTIs. Outcomes examined included patient and hospital characteristics, number of hospitalizations, and resource utilization including length of stay (LOS), hospital charges, and performance of incision and drainage (I&D). Trends in resource utilization were assessed by using linear regression in a merged data set with survey year as the primary independent variable. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted for 2009 data to assess factors associated with increased I&D.

RESULTS:

The weighted proportion of SSTI hospitalizations among all hospitalizations doubled (0.46% vs 1.01%) from 1997 to 2009. During the same period, patient demographic trends included a shift to increased hospitalizations in infant and preschool-age groups as well as publicly insured children. Mean LOS decreased from 3.11 to 2.71 days. Increased resource utilization included changes in mean charges from $6722 to $11 534 per hospitalization and a twofold increase in I&D (21% to 44%). Factors associated with I&D include young age, African American race, female gender, publicly or uninsured children, and southern region of the United States.

CONCLUSIONS:

SSTI is responsible for an emerging increase in health services utilization. Additional study is warranted to identify interventions that may effectively address this public health burden.
Growth Outcomes of Weight Faltering in Infancy in ALSPAC
Authors: ud Din Zia , Emmett Pauline , Steer Colin , Emond Alan
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE:

The goal of this study was to investigate growth outcomes in term infants with weight faltering.

METHODS:

Conditional weight gain was calculated on term infants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Cases of weight faltering were infants with a conditional weight gain below the fifth centile. Outcome growth measurements included weight and length/height (from 9 months to 13 years), BMI, mid-arm circumference, and waist circumference (at 7, 10, and 13 years).

RESULTS:

Weight data were available on 11 499 infants; 507 had “early” weight faltering (before 8 weeks), and 480 had “late” weight faltering (between 8 weeks and 9 months). The early group showed enhanced weight gain from 8 weeks until 2 years, then gained weight at the same rate as the controls. Gain in height was proportionally slower than gain in weight through childhood. By 13 years, they had BMI, mid-arm circumference, and waist circumference similar to the controls. The late group showed steady weight gain throughout childhood; enhanced weight gain compared with the controls only occurred between 7 and 10 years. Gain in height was proportional to gain in weight. This group remained considerably lighter and shorter than the controls up to the age of 13 years.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children with weight faltering before 8 weeks showed a different pattern of “catch-up” to those with weight faltering later in infancy. By 13 years, the anthropometric profile of the 2 groups was within population norms.
Practices of Unregulated Tanning Facilities in Missouri: Implications for Statewide Legislation
Authors: Balaraman Brundha , Biesbroeck Lauren K. , Lickerman Stephanie H. , Cornelius Lynn A. , Jeffe Donna B.
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUND:

The incidence of skin cancer has increased in the United States, concomitant with increased UV radiation (UVR) exposure among young adults. We examined whether tanning facilities in Missouri, a state without indoor-tanning regulations, acted in accordance with the Food and Drug Administration’s recommendations and consistently imparted information to potential clients about the known risks of UVR.

METHODS:

We conducted a statewide telephone survey of randomly selected tanning facilities in Missouri. Each tanning facility was surveyed twice, in the morning (7 am–3 pm) and evening (3–10 pm), on different days, to determine intrasalon consistency of information provided to potential clients at different times.

RESULTS:

On average, 65% of 243 tanning-facility operators would allow children as young as 10 or 12 years old to use indoor-tanning devices, 80% claimed that indoor tanning would prevent future sunburns, and 43% claimed that there were no risks associated with indoor tanning. Intrasalon inconsistencies involved allowable age of use, and UVR exposure type and duration. Morning tanning-facility employees were more likely to allow consumers to start with maximum exposure times and UV-A–emitting devices (P < .001), whereas evening employees were more likely to allow 10- or 12-year-old children to use indoor-tanning devices (P = .008).

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite increasing evidence that UVR exposure in indoor-tanning devices is associated with skin cancer, ocular damage, and premature photoaging, tanning facilities in Missouri often misinformed consumers regarding these risks and lack of health benefits and inconsistently provided information about the Food and Drug Administration’s guidelines for tanning devices.
Chest Compression Quality Over Time in Pediatric Resuscitations
Authors: Badaki-Makun Oluwakemi , Nadel Frances , Donoghue Aaron , McBride Michael , Niles Dana , Seacrist Thomas , Maltese Matthew , Zhang Xuemei , Paridon Stephen , Nadkarni Vinay M.
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUND:

Chest compression (CC) quality deteriorates with time in adults, possibly because of rescuer fatigue. Little data exist on compression quality in children or on work done to perform compressions in general. We hypothesized that compression quality, work, and rescuer fatigue would differ in child versus adult manikin models.

METHODS:

This was a prospective randomized crossover study of 45 in-hospital rescuers performing 10 minutes of single-rescuer continuous compressions on each manikin. An accelerometer recorded compression quality measures over 30-second epochs. Work and power were calculated from recorded force data. A modified visual analogue scale measured fatigue. Data were analyzed by using linear mixed-effects models and Cox regression analysis.

RESULTS:

A total of 88 484 compression cycles were analyzed. Percent adequate CCs/epoch (rate ≥ 100/minute, depth ≥ 38 mm) fell over 10 minutes (child: from 85.1% to 24.6%, adult: from 86.3% to 35.3%; P = .15) and were <70% in both by 2 minutes. Peak work per compression cycle was 13.1 J in the child and 14.3 J in the adult (P = .06; difference, 1.2 J; 95% confidence interval, −0.05 to 2.5). Peak power output was 144.1 W in the child and 166.5 W in the adult (P < .001; difference, 22.4 W, 95% confidence interval, 9.8–35.0).

CONCLUSIONS:

CC quality deteriorates similarly in child and adult manikin models. Peak work per compression cycle is comparable in both. Peak power output is analogous to that generated during intense exercise such as running. CC providers should switch every 2 minutes as recommended by current guidelines.
Maternal Alcohol Use and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Infant Mortality Excluding SIDS
Authors: O’Leary Colleen M. , Jacoby Peter J. , Bartu Anne , D’Antoine Heather , Bower Carol
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUND:

Improvements in the rate of infant mortality (death in first year of life) have not occurred in recent years. This study investigates the association between maternal alcohol-use disorder and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and infant mortality not classified as SIDS using linked, population-based health and mortality data.

METHODS:

Exposed mothers were identified through the presence of an International Classification of Diseases 9/10 alcohol diagnosis, a proxy for alcohol-use disorder, recorded on health, mental health, and/or drug and alcohol datasets (1983–2005). Comparison mothers without an alcohol diagnosis were frequency matched to exposed mothers on maternal age within maternal race and year of birth of their children. All offspring with their birth recorded on the Midwives Notification System compose the exposed (n = 21 841) and comparison (n = 56 054) cohorts. Cases of SIDS (n = 303) and infant mortality excluding SIDS (n = 598) were identified through linkage with the Western Australian Mortality Register. Analyses were conducted by using Cox regression and results presented as adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:

The highest risk of SIDS occurred when a maternal alcohol diagnosis was recorded during pregnancy (aHR 6.92, 95% CI 4.02–11.90) or within 1 year postpregnancy (aHR 8.61, 95% CI 5.04–14.69). An alcohol diagnosis recorded during pregnancy more than doubled the risk of infant deaths (excluding SIDS) (aHR 2.35, 95% CI 1.45–3.83). Maternal alcohol-use disorder is attributable for at least 16.41% (95% CI 9.73%–23.69%) of SIDS and 3.40% (95% CI 2.28%–4.67%) of infant deaths not classified as SIDS.

CONCLUSIONS:

Maternal alcohol-use disorder is a significant risk factor for SIDS and infant mortality excluding SIDS.
The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Lieberthal Allan S. , Carroll Aaron E. , Chonmaitree Tasnee , Ganiats Theodore G. , Hoberman Alejandro , Jackson Mary Anne , Joffe Mark D. , Miller Donald T. , Rosenfeld Richard M. , Sevilla Xavier D. , Schwartz Richard H. , Thomas Pauline A. , Tunkel David E.
Published: February 2013

This evidence-based clinical practice guideline is a revision of the 2004 acute otitis media (AOM) guideline from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American Academy of Family Physicians. It provides recommendations to primary care clinicians for the management of children from 6 months through 12 years of age with uncomplicated AOM.

In 2009, the AAP convened a committee composed of primary care physicians and experts in the fields of pediatrics, family practice, otolaryngology, epidemiology, infectious disease, emergency medicine, and guideline methodology. The subcommittee partnered with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Southern California Evidence-Based Practice Center to develop a comprehensive review of the new literature related to AOM since the initial evidence report of 2000. The resulting evidence report and other sources of data were used to formulate the practice guideline recommendations.

The focus of this practice guideline is the appropriate diagnosis and initial treatment of a child presenting with AOM. The guideline provides a specific, stringent definition of AOM. It addresses pain management, initial observation versus antibiotic treatment, appropriate choices of antibiotic agents, and preventive measures. It also addresses recurrent AOM, which was not included in the 2004 guideline. Decisions were made on the basis of a systematic grading of the quality of evidence and benefit-harm relationships.

The practice guideline underwent comprehensive peer review before formal approval by the AAP.

This clinical practice guideline is not intended as a sole source of guidance in the management of children with AOM. Rather, it is intended to assist primary care clinicians by providing a framework for clinical decision-making. It is not intended to replace clinical judgment or establish a protocol for all children with this condition. These recommendations may not provide the only appropriate approach to the management of this problem.
Oral Health Care for Children With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Norwood Kenneth W. , Slayton Rebecca L. ,   COUNCIL ON CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES,   SECTION ON ORAL HEALTH, Liptak Gregory S. , Murphy Nancy A. , Adams Richard C. , Burke Robert T. , Friedman Sandra L. , Houtrow Amy J. , Kalichman Miriam A. , Kuo Dennis Z. , Levy Susan Ellen , Norwood Kenneth W. , Turchi Renee M. , Wiley Susan E. , Segura Adriana , Boulter Suzanne , Clark Melinda , Gereige Rani , Krol David , Mouradian Wendy , Quinonez Rocio , Ramos-Gomez Francisco , Slayton Rebecca , Keels Martha Ann
Published: February 2013

This Clinical Report was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2024-067603.

Children with developmental disabilities often have unmet complex health care needs as well as significant physical and cognitive limitations. Children with more severe conditions and from low-income families are particularly at risk with high dental needs and poor access to care. In addition, children with developmental disabilities are living longer, requiring continued oral health care. This clinical report describes the effect that poor oral health has on children with developmental disabilities as well as the importance of partnerships between the pediatric medical and dental homes. Basic knowledge of the oral health risk factors affecting children with developmental disabilities is provided. Pediatricians may use the report to guide their incorporation of oral health assessments and education into their well-child examinations for children with developmental disabilities. This report has medical, legal, educational, and operational implications for practicing pediatricians.
Out-of-School Suspension and Expulsion
Authors:   COUNCIL ON SCHOOL HEALTH, Lamont Jeffrey H. , Devore Cynthia D. , Allison Mandy , Ancona Richard , Barnett Stephen E. , Gunther Robert , Holmes Breena , Lamont Jeffrey H. , Minier Mark , Okamoto Jeffrey K. , Wheeler Lani S. M. , Young Thomas
Published: February 2013

The primary mission of any school system is to educate students. To achieve this goal, the school district must maintain a culture and environment where all students feel safe, nurtured, and valued and where order and civility are expected standards of behavior. Schools cannot allow unacceptable behavior to interfere with the school district’s primary mission. To this end, school districts adopt codes of conduct for expected behaviors and policies to address unacceptable behavior. In developing these policies, school boards must weigh the severity of the offense and the consequences of the punishment and the balance between individual and institutional rights and responsibilities. Out-of-school suspension and expulsion are the most severe consequences that a school district can impose for unacceptable behavior. Traditionally, these consequences have been reserved for offenses deemed especially severe or dangerous and/or for recalcitrant offenders. However, the implications and consequences of out-of-school suspension and expulsion and “zero-tolerance” are of such severity that their application and appropriateness for a developing child require periodic review. The indications and effectiveness of exclusionary discipline policies that demand automatic or rigorous application are increasingly questionable. The impact of these policies on offenders, other children, school districts, and communities is broad. Periodic scrutiny of policies should be placed not only on the need for a better understanding of the educational, emotional, and social impact of out-of-school suspension and expulsion on the individual student but also on the greater societal costs of such rigid policies. Pediatricians should be prepared to assist students and families affected by out-of-school suspension and expulsion and should be willing to guide school districts in their communities to find more effective and appropriate alternatives to exclusionary discipline policies for the developing child. A discussion of preventive strategies and alternatives to out-of-school suspension and expulsion, as well as recommendations for the role of the physician in matters of out-of-school suspension and expulsion are included. School-wide positive behavior support/positive behavior intervention and support is discussed as an effective alternative.
News: BDS response to consultation on the Environment Agency's approach to designating large raised reservoirs as high risk
Authors: Airey Martin
Published: February 2013

The article below reproduces the response provided to the Environment Agency by the BDS Committee during its consultation on risk categorisation of reservoirs under the new Flood and Water Management Act 2010 legislation.
News: BDS response to consultation on implementation of amendments to the
Authors: Scholefield Ian
Published: February 2013

This note reproduces the response provided to the Environment Agency by the British Dam Society committee during its consultation on implementation of amendments to the Reservoirs Act 1975 .
Roller-compacted concrete dams: a brief history and their advantages
Authors: Warren Ted
Published: February 2013

Roller-compacted concrete has been rapidly developing over the past 35 years and is now commonly used for mass concreting operations typically in a gravity dam application. This paper reviews the advantages of roller-compacted concrete over some of the other forms of dam construction, including advantages in reducing the cost of flood diversions.
Meeting report: The 80th Annual Meeting of ICOLD, 2012, Kyoto
Authors: Airey Martin , Bridle Rodney , Hope Ian , Hope Jo , Hughes Andy
Published: February 2013

The 80th Annual Meeting of the International Committee on Large Dams (ICOLD) and the 24th Congress was held in the Japanese city of Kyoto between 2 and 8 June 2012. This article provides feedback on the event from the UK contingent, representing the BDS.
Tariff structure and willingness to pay: case of Karachi
Authors: Ahmed Noman
Published: February 2013

A key consideration in satisfactory performance of a water utility is proper pricing and recovery of revenue from users. Experiences from the literature reveal that level of service decreases when utilities do not recover the bills issued against services delivered. Willingness to pay, tariff structure and overall level of service are important determinants in such scenarios. In Karachi, the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board is the water utility responsible for the supply of water to consumers. The board prescribes a tariff structure for the water supply service to different categories of users, which is revised at intervals. The utility recovers only 7% of all the water service bills issued to its consumers, which leads to financial problems. A study was conducted in 2009–2010 to investigate the relationship between tariff structure and the willingness to pay by consumers. Research methods adopted for this study included 47 semi-structured interviews with residents, key officials of the utility organisation, selected mayors, consultants and community organisations. The findings and conclusions reveal that inclusion of stakeholder perspectives, capacity assessment of utility and effective liaison between users and utility are vital factors with respect to policy and procedures.
Interactive multicriteria decision support system for spatial planning analysis
Authors: Alçada-Almeida Luís , Coutinho-Rodrigues João , de Almeida José-Paulo
Published: February 2013

This paper builds upon previous work entailing, in a first stage, the development of a geographic information system based environmental modelling approach and, in a second stage, the development of a stand-alone, more generic integrated spatial decision support system. The latter system was designed to address general spatial decision problems in a way that enables interactive definition of mathematical models, the spatial entities involved and their attributes. This manuscript focuses primarily on a further development to implement a multicriteria modelling framework supporting sophisticated evaluation and comparison of hypothetical alternative scenarios in the context of spatial decision problems. Typically several conflicting and generally incommensurable criteria are involved, which derive from the multidimensional nature of most of the decision problems. In such circumstances, multicriteria techniques are recommended to be used in the analysis process. Overall, at the very beginning, the decision maker is not fully aware of the whole problem in hand and hence an effective learning process needs to be undertaken. Operating interactively with the methods above, either simultaneously or following a given sequence, the decision maker may become effectively acquainted with the whole problem by investigating possible coherences among results obtained and also by analysing sensitivity of variations in input data.
Habitat, dispersal and propagule pressure control exotic plant infilling within an invaded range
Authors: Warren Robert J. , Ursell Tara , Keiser Ashley D. , Bradford Mark A.
Published: February 2013

Deep in the heart of a longstanding invasion, an exotic grass is still invading. Range infilling potentially has the greatest impact on native communities and ecosystem processes, but receives much less attention than range expansion. ‘Snapshot' studies of invasive plant dispersal, habitat and propagule limitations cannot determine whether a landscape is saturated or whether a species is actively infilling empty patches. We investigate the mechanisms underlying invasive plant infilling by tracking the localized movement and expansion of Microstegium vimineum populations from 2009 to 2011 at sites along a 100‐km regional gradient in eastern U.S. deciduous forests. We find that infilling proceeds most rapidly where the invasive plants occur in warm, moist habitats adjacent to roads: under these conditions they produce copious seed, the dispersal distances of which increase exponentially with proximity to roadway. Invasion then appears limited where conditions are generally dry and cool as propagule pressure tapers off. Invasion also is limited in habitats >1 m from road corridors, where dispersal distances decline precipitously. In contrast to propagule and dispersal limitations, we find little evidence that infilling is habitat limited, meaning that as long as M. vimineum seeds are available and transported, the plant generally invades quite vigorously. Our results suggest an invasive species continues to spread, in a stratified manner, within the invaded landscape long after first arriving. These dynamics conflict with traditional invasion models that emphasize an invasive edge with distinct boundaries. We find that propagule pressure and dispersal regulate infilling, providing the basis for projecting spread and landscape coverage, ecological effects and the efficacy of containment strategies.
Braile Vena Cava Filter and Greenfield Filter in Terms of Centralization
Authors: Godoy José Maria Pereira de , Menezes da Silva Adinaldo A , Reis Luis Fernando , Miquelin Daniel , Torati José Luis Simon
Published: February 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate complications experienced during implantation of the Braile Vena Cava filter (VCF) and the efficacy of the centralization mechanism of the filter.

This retrospective cohort study evaluated all Braile Biomédica VCFs implanted from 2004 to 2009 in Hospital de Base Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. Of particular concern was the filter’s symmetry during implantation and complications experienced during the procedure. All the angiographic examinations performed during the implantation of the filters were analyzed in respect to the following parameters: migration of the filter, non-opening or difficulties in the implantation and centralization of the filter.

A total of 112 Braile CVFs were implanted and there were no reports of filter opening difficulties or in respect to migration. Asymmetry was observed in 1/112 (0.9%) cases. A statistically significant difference was seen on comparing historical data on decentralization of the Greenfield filter with the data of this study.

The Braile Biomédico filter is an evolution of the Greenfield filter providing improved embolus capture and better implantation symmetry.
Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity and Salivary Flow Rate in Young Adults
Authors: Arhakis Aristidis , Karagiannis Vasilis , Kalfas Sotirios
Published: February 2013

The secretion of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is more associated with psychoneuroendocrinological response to stress than with the flow rate and age. The aim of this cross sectional study is to build an explanatory model based on patterns of relationship between age 20-39 in resting and stimulated saliva under no stressful condition in healthy volunteers. Both resting and stimulated saliva were collected from 40 subjects. The sAA values were log-transformed, the normality assumption was verified with the Shapiro-Wilk test and the reliability of the measurements was estimated by the Pearsons’ r correlation coefficient. The estimated model was based on the theory of the Linear Mixed Models. Significant mean changes were observed in flow rate and sAA activity between resting and stimulated saliva. The final model consists of two components, the first revealed a positive correlation between age and sAA while the second one revealed a negative correlation between the interaction of age × flow rate in its condition (resting or stimulated saliva), with sAA. Both flow rate and age influence sAA activity.
Periodontal Bone Regeneration and the Er,Cr:YSGG Laser: A Case Report
Authors: Perio Douglas N. Dederich Cert
Published: February 2013

Background:

Traditional methods of regenerating bone in periodontal bone defects have been partially successful and have involved numerous protocols and materials. More recently, it has been proposed that Er,Cr:YSGG laser energy may also be beneficial in the treatment of periodontal pockets, particularly in the regeneration of bone lost due to periodontal disease.

Case Description:

The purpose of this paper is to present a case report of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser being used to conservatively treat a recalcitrant periodontal pocket in the presence of a periodontal bone defect and that resulted in successful resolution of the pocket and significant radiographic bone fill at the 1 year recall visit.

Clinical Implications:

This protocol using the Er,Cr:YSGG laser for the treatment of periodontal loss of attachment and periodontal bone loss may represent a less invasive alternative than traditional open-flap periodontal surgery or the intrasulcular use of other more penetrating laser wavelengths.
Effect of viscosity on wave propagation in anisotropic thermoelastic medium with three-phase-lag model
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Chawla Vijay , Abbas Ibrahim
Published: February 2013

The aim of the present paper is to study the wave propagation in anisotropic
viscoelastic medium in the context of the theory threephase- lag model of
thermoelasticity. It is found that there exist two quasi-longitudinal waves
(qP1, qP2) and two transverse waves (qS1, qS2). The governing equations for
homogeneous transversely isotropic thermoviscoelastic are reduced as a
special case from the considered model. Different characteristics of waves
like phase velocity, attenuation coefficient, specific loss and penetration
depth are computed from the obtained results. Viscous effect is shown
graphically on different resulting quantities for two-phase-lag model and
three-phase-lag model of thermoelasticity. Some particular cases of interest
are also deduced from the present investigation.
Homotopy simulation of axisymmetric laminar mixed convection nanofluid boundary layer flow over a vertical cylinder
Authors: Rashidi M.M. , Bég Anwar , Freidooni Mehr , Hosseini A. , Gorla R.S.R.
Published: February 2013

In this paper, the semi-analytical/numerical technique known as the homotopy
analysis method (HAM) is employed to derive solutions for the laminar
axisymmetric mixed convection boundary-layer nanofluid flow past a vertical
cylinder. The similarity solutions are employed to transform the parabolic
partial differential conservation equations into system of nonlinear, coupled
ordinary differential equations, subject to appropriate boundary conditions.
A comparison has been done to verify the obtained results with the purely
numerical results of Grosan and Pop (2011) with excellent correlation
achieved. The effects of nanoparticle volume fraction, curvature parameter
and mixed convection or buoyancy parameter on the dimensionless velocity and
temperature distributions, skin friction and wall temperature gradients are
illustrated graphically. HAM is found to demonstrate excellent potential for
simulating nanofluid dynamics problems. Applications of the study include
materials processing and also thermal enhancement of energy systems.
Metabolic Effects of Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Moderate Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kashyap Sangeeta R. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Wolski Kathy , Watanabe Richard M. , Abdul-Ghani Muhammad , Abood Beth , Pothier Claire E. , Brethauer Stacy , Nissen Steven , Gupta Manjula , Kirwan John P. , Schauer Philip R.
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effects of two bariatric procedures versus intensive medical therapy (IMT) on β-cell function and body composition.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial of 60 subjects with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 9.7 ± 1%) and moderate obesity (BMI 36 ± 2 kg/m2) randomized to IMT alone, IMT plus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, or IMT plus sleeve gastrectomy. Assessment of β-cell function (mixed-meal tolerance testing) and body composition was performed at baseline and 12 and 24 months.

RESULTS

Glycemic control improved in all three groups at 24 months (N = 54), with a mean HbA1c of 6.7 ± 1.2% for gastric bypass, 7.1 ± 0.8% for sleeve gastrectomy, and 8.4 ± 2.3% for IMT (P < 0.05 for each surgical group versus IMT). Reduction in body fat was similar for both surgery groups, with greater absolute reduction in truncal fat in gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy (−16 vs. −10%; P = 0.04). Insulin sensitivity increased significantly from baseline in gastric bypass (2.7-fold; P = 0.004) and did not change in sleeve gastrectomy or IMT. β-Cell function (oral disposition index) increased 5.8-fold in gastric bypass from baseline, was markedly greater than IMT (P = 0.001), and was not different between sleeve gastrectomy versus IMT (P = 0.30). At 24 months, β-cell function inversely correlated with truncal fat and prandial free fatty acid levels.

CONCLUSIONS

Bariatric surgery provides durable glycemic control compared with intensive medical therapy at 2 years. Despite similar weight loss as sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass uniquely restores pancreatic β-cell function and reduces truncal fat, thus reversing the core defects in diabetes.
Terrestrial Distribution of 14C in the Vicinity of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, China
Authors: Wang Zhongtang , Xiang Yuanyi , Guo Qiuju
Published: February 2013

We used accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to study radiocarbon-specific activity levels in agricultural and botanical samples (moss and pine needles) distributed within a 6.5-km radius of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). The 14C-specific activity in moss samples (ranging from 265.6 to 223.0 Bq/kg C) decreased with increased distance from the stacks of Plant III (heavy water reactor) and reached the background level (223.8 Bq/kg C) at 6.5 km distance. Compared to the pine needles, the moss was a better indicator for investigating the 14C distribution near Qinshan NPP. The 14C-specific activity distribution in moss samples showed that the diffusion of 14C discharged from the Qinshan NPP was affected by both geographical and meteorological factors. Excess 14C-specific activity in the food samples ranged from 8.5 to 13.0 Bq/kg C (except for rice samples), resulting in a minimal radiation dose of 0.5 μSv per year to the public.
High-Resolution Archaeoenvironmental Study of a Cultic Episode at a Statue-Menhir Copper Age Site (Ossimo Anvòia, Italian Alps)
Authors: Allevato Emilia , Fedele Francesco , Terrasi Filippo , Capano Manuela , Pasquale Gaetano Di
Published: February 2013

Nine excavation seasons at Ossimo Anvòia in the Val Camonica (Central Alps, Italy) have brought to light a Copper Age ceremonial area with symbolic monoliths (statue menhirs) in their original position. Hundreds of artifacts and ecofacts indicate ideological activity during the 3rd millennium BC. A large pit (F18) was discovered that was unusual for its great size and the abundance of well-preserved charcoal. The pit housed a fallen monolith (M9) showing complicated reshaping. A detailed spatial study based on 6 radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements combined with charcoal analysis has untangled key information to define the history of feature F18-M9. 14C data show that the burning event occurred most probably in the 4th century AD, not in prehistory. We infer a unique episode of “reconsecration” during the very latest phases of pagan cult activity in the Val Camonica. Further studies are needed to resolve the relationships with other features of the site. In addition, charcoal analysis has produced paleobotanical information for a scarcely known period in the environmental history of the area. A sparse forest with Picea abies, Larix decidua, and Fagus sylvatica existed, associated with areas likely devoted to grazing. There is a remarkable absence of chestnut.
A High-Precision Chronology for Two House Features at an Early Village Site on Western Santa Cruz Island, California, USA
Authors: Jazwa Christopher S , Gamble Lynn H , Kennett Douglas J
Published: February 2013

We establish a high-precision radiocarbon chronology for 2 house depressions at CA-SCRI-333, a large prehistoric village on the western end of Santa Cruz Island, California, USA. SCRI-333 is a large mound composed of a shell midden with more than 50 house depressions evident across its surface. We develop a chronology of occupation and activity for 2 of these depressions (6 and 32) based on a stratified sequence of accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates. Carbonized twig and marine shell (Mytilus californianus) samples were selected from well-defined stratigraphic sections. Analytical error for these measurements is ±20 14C yr. We use a Bayesian statistical framework to propose an age model for the deposition of 2 features that may be associated with house construction. These data indicated that the features were not contemporaneous and suggest that house construction may have been sequential during the site's occupation, a hypothesis that needs to be tested further. The methodologies used in this study have the potential to increase the chronological precision of household archaeology at SCRI-333, on the northern Channel Islands, and around the world.
Validation of Radiocarbon Dates of Woolly Mammoth Remains from Northwestern Chukotka, Russia
Authors: Vartanyan Sergey L
Published: February 2013

This paper presents the results of cross-dating of mammoth remains from northwestern Chukotka, northeastern Siberia. Our results suggest that several dates obtained by the radiocarbon laboratory at the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (laboratory code SOAN) appear to be too recent. Cross-dating in different laboratories revealed significant differences in the ages obtained compared to SOAN. This highlights the need to critically assess 14C dates, and where necessary, confirm results in independent laboratories.
North Eurasian Hunter-Gatherer Ceramics as an Archaeological Source: Reply to Kuzmin (2013)
Authors: Hartz Sönke , Piezonka Henny
Published: February 2013

In his comment, “The Patterns of Neolithization in the North Eurasian Forest Zone: A Comment on Hartz et al. (2012),” Y Kuzmin has raised a number of questions concerning the paper “Hunter-Gatherer Pottery and Charred Residue Dating: New Results on Early Ceramics in the North Eurasian Forest Zone” by Hartz et al. (2012). The following remarks aim to clarify some of these issues.
Effect of hydrothermal treatment on the structure of an aluminosilicate polymer
Authors: Melar Jaroslav , Bednarik Vratislav , Slavik Roman , Pastorek Miroslav
Published: February 2013

The effect of hydrothermal treatment on the structure of an aluminosilicate polymer prepared by a polycondensation reaction between silicate and hydroxoaluminate in alkaline aqueous solution was studied. The structural changes were investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy imaging and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the amorphous aluminosilicate polymer transformed into a crystalline product during the hydrothermal treatment at 145°C. The crystalline phase was identified as a mineral of the zeolite group, most likely phillipsite. This transformation required an alkaline environment during the hydrothermal treatment.
A study on adsorption of metals by activated carbon in a large-scale (municipal) process of surface water purification
Authors: Dabioch Marzena , Skorek Robert , Kita Andrzej , Janoska Piotr , Pytlakowska Katarzyna , Zerzucha Piotr , Sitko Rafal
Published: February 2013

Elements that enter the aquatic environment may pose a health risk to wildlife and humans. The aims of this study were: to determine how the introduction of activated carbon for a water purification system will improve the quality of the water produced; and to investigate the sorption of metals on activated carbons, including determination of the accumulation, as well as changes in concentrations of elements in carbons. The tests were carried out on three types of activated carbons with different granular structure. All samples were collected from Water Treatment Plant Goczalkowice, Poland. Concentrations of elements were measured using an optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma. The experiment showed that metals accumulating in the activated carbons during the operation included: Ca, Mn, Zn, and Cu. In each of the three types of carbons, it can distinguish such elements as Ba, Al, Cr, Ni, Ti, which are characterized by irregular accumulation during the operation of the filter. The introduction of carbon sorbent for water treatment largely contributed to improvement in the quality of raw material supplied to customers, mainly with regard to taste and smell, as well as to reduction of basic parameters: color, absorbance in the UV range and oxidability.
Comprehensive evaluation of biogenic amines and related drugs’ antiradical activity using reactive 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical
Authors: Sârbu Costel , Casoni Dorina
Published: February 2013

A comprehensive study of biogenic amines and related drugs as free radical scavengers and potential antioxidants was carried out using the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·). The results of the effect of test duration and the relative concentration on the ability of the compounds to scavenge the DPPH· were investigated and discussed. The antiradical activity of amines was compared with the activity of some reference antioxidants (phenols, phenolic acids, flavonols and other antioxidants). Some particular insights related to the mechanism of reactivity toward the DPPH· were investigated by carrying out kinetic studies in methanol for different relative concentrations. According to the obtained results, catecholamines and especially their related drugs (D-dopa, adrenalone, S-(−)-carbidopa and isoprenaline) showed a fast reactivity towards DPPH· and the highest antiradical activity which increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, catecholamines proved to be more powerful scavengers than ascorbic and caffeic acids even at low concentrations while their related drugs (D-dopa, adrenalone and S-(−)-carbidopa) showed higher antiradical activity than gallic acid for all of the investigated concentrations.
Daily cycle of variability contents of phosphorus forms in surface microlayer of a light salinity Baltic Sea Lagoon lake (North Poland) — Part II
Authors: Antonowicz Józef
Published: February 2013

A daily cycle of tests was conducted to specify the concentration variation of phosphorous compounds and other chemical parameters at surface microlayers of a shallow lagoon lake located on the Baltic Coast. The water for analyses was collected from Lake Dołgie Wielkie in one hour cycles for the period of 24 hours. Samples were collected from the surface microlayers that had a thickness of 80–115 µm and 250–300 µm as well as from the subsurface water at the depth of 15 cm. Data analysis shows information concerning the migration of phosphorous compounds between the analyzed layers. Correlations were estimated for the obtained concentrations of phosphorous compounds and the nitrogen compounds and other physico-chemical values which were described in the first part of the cycle. The content of nutrients in the examined surface water layers correlated with the oxygen consumption due to the value of the oxygen consumption mostly depending on the concentration of organic matter.
Hydration of α-pinene catalyzed by acid clays
Authors: Comelli Nora , Avila Maria , Volzone Cristina , Ponzi Marta
Published: February 2013

The hydration reaction of α-pinene in the presence of natural clays treated with monochloroacetic acid as catalyst to obtain oxygenated compounds was studied. Catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, programmed thermal desorption of adsorbed pyridine, and infrared spectroscopic analysis of adsorbed pyridine to determine Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. Catalytic tests revealed that treatment of the natural clay with the acid improved the catalytic activity and the selectivity toward oxygenated products by increasing the acidity of the catalyst. The selectivity toward oxygenated compounds increased with the augment of the α-pinene conversion because of greater contact between water molecules with the remaining α-pinene molecules. The natural clay without treatment produced compounds resulting from α-pinene isomerization, whereas the treated clays produced alcohols and other products in addition to isomerization compounds. After a certain time, the α-terpineol was isomerized into cineols. Studies of the reusability of the JAL catalyst were performed (clay treated with monochloroacetic acid). As the number of reuses increased, the percent conversion decreased; however, the selectivity toward oxygenated compounds increased.