bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical screening of Alstonia scholaris leaf and bark extracts and their antimicrobial activities
Authors: Bagheri Gholamreza , Ayatollahi Seyed Abdulmajid , Ramí­rez-Alarcón Karina , Fernández Marcos , Salehi Bahare , Forman Katherine , Martorell Miquel , Heydarian Moghadam Mohammad , Sharifi-Rad Javad
Published: June 2020

Alstonia sholaris is an evergreen tree commonly found in South East Asia. In traditional medicine pharmacological activities are attributed to the leaves and bark of this plant. The aim of this study is characterizing the chemicals present in A. sholaris leaves and bark extracts and study their antimicrobial activities. Solvent extractions with Soxhlet apparatus of leaves and bark were obtained using hexane, benzene, isopropanol, methanol, and water. The crude extracts were concentrated and screened for qualitative phytochemical analysis and thin layer chromatography, and the antibacterial, antifungal an antiviral activity of crude extracts were measured by in vitro methods. Isopropanol and methanol extracts showed significant antibacterial activity and it was more pronounced against Gram positive than against Gram negative bacteria. Hexane, benzene, isopropanol and methanol fractions of A. scholaris bark and leaf showed activity against Enterobacter cloacae. Isopropanol extract showed maximum activity against selected human pathogenic fungus. In conclusion, the leaves and bark of A. scholaris are rich in phytochemicals with antimicrobial activities against human pathogens, being the isopropanol fraction the one with the highest antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti-mycobacterial activities.
Espacio y tiempo del taller de proyectos arquitectónicos: la Escuela de Arquitectura de Valencia
Authors: Domingo-Calabuig Débora , Lizondo-Sevilla Laura
Published: June 2020

Tanto la teoría del proyecto arquitectónico (qué se enseña) como su metodología (cómo se enseña) cuentan con una notable tradición que se enriquece constantemente con nuevas perspectivas. Sin embargo, cuando hay que diseñar el taller de proyectos, las concreciones pedagógicas se dan con los objetivos específicos de la formación (para qué se enseña) y con la disponibilidad de recursos (con qué se enseña). Este texto reflexiona sobre la temporalidad y espacialidad del taller de proyectos arquitectónicos como factores determinantes a la hora de dar forma a una epistemología del proyecto. La hipótesis se evidencia mediante un caso de estudio: se analiza una unidad docente de la Escuela de Arquitectura de Valencia que bien podría ser representativa de otras escuelas españolas. Los resultados demuestran que las actividades concretas que acompañan al estudiante en el taller de proyectos son la consecuencia de una reflexión sobre la contemporaneidad del aprendizaje de la arquitectura.
Sex Differences in Maturation and Attrition of Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus
Authors: Yagi Shunya , Splinter Jared E.J. , Tai Daria , Wong Sarah , Wen Yanhua , Galea Liisa A.M.
Published: June 2020

Sex differences exist in the regulation of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus in response to hormones and cognitive training. Here, we investigated the trajectory and maturation rate of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of male and female rats. Sprague Dawley rats were perfused 2 h, 24 h, one week (1w), 2w, or 3w after bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) injection, a DNA synthesis marker that labels dividing progenitor cells and their progeny. Adult-born neurons (BrdU/NeuN-ir) matured faster in males compared with females. Males had a greater density of neural stem cells (Sox2-ir) in the dorsal, but not in the ventral, DG and had higher levels of cell proliferation (Ki67-ir) than non-proestrous females. However, males showed a greater reduction in neurogenesis between 1week and 2weeks after mitosis, whereas females showed similar levels of neurogenesis throughout the weeks. The faster maturation and greater attrition of new neurons in males compared with females suggests greater potential for neurogenesis to respond to external stimuli in males and emphasizes the importance of studying sex on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
Sundance 2020: Inclusion, Diversity, and Disability beyond Diagnosis
Authors: Carter-Long Lawrence
Published: June 2020

Thirty years after the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, are festivals like Sundance ready to move beyond basic access to embrace a new disability aesthetic? In search of an answer, Lawrence Carter-Long attends his first Sundance Film Festival, with a goal of assessing Sundance's commitment to disability access and inclusion beyond the branding and rhetoric. He reviews the Festival's disability-focused programming, participation, panels, and planning, much of which was supported by the Festival's new partnership with the Ruderman Family Foundation, whose philanthropy focuses on disability rights. Carter-Long discusses audience favorites Crip Camp and The Reason I Jump, both of which received audience awards, as well as the Festival's efforts to provide closed-captioning (CC) via individual CaptiView devices and Feature Film Captioning Service, concluding that the Festival set a new standard for disability inclusion and access.
“I Heard Homer Sing”: Tsjêbbe Hettinga and the Paradoxes of European Multilingualism
Authors: van Amelsvoort Jesse
Published: June 2020

Europe has always been multilingual, but since the Romantic era, this empirical truth has been denied, erased, or ignored. Contemporary globalization reconfigures the standard language ideology that has long been central to the continent’s self-understanding and political organization. This article explores some of the paradoxes of European multilingualism in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries by way of the work and authorship of the Frisian poet Tsjêbbe Hettinga. Specifically, my focus is on the tension between the international geographies of his poetry and the uneven distribution of recognition in Fryslân, the Netherlands, and the wider world. Hettinga’s career shows the difficulties authors writing in regional or minority languages face to become more widely known, yet it also makes clear the profound consequences of the kind of breakthrough Hettinga experienced during the 1993 Frankfurt Book Fair. Hettinga’s career is reflective of the changing relations between language, people, and in contemporary Europe. This article is part of the Global Perspectives Media and Communication special issue on “Media, Migration, and Nationalism,” guest-edited by Koen Leurs and Tomohisa Hirata.
Intimacy and Rivalry: Becoming a “Self” in the Virtual Reality of Migration
Authors: Parikka Tuija
Published: June 2020

This paper focuses on virtual reality (VR) engagements of migration in reference to the Girardian notion of mimetic desire and the embedded notion of rivalry, which are considered as informing possibilities for intimacy in virtual worlds. Possibilities for intimacy, in terms of turning to another and transcending the conditions of one’s existence, are here considered as becoming transformed by the digital. VRs subjected to analysis, by means of virtual cartography, consist of The Displaced (2015) and The Fight for Falluja (2016), produced by the New York Times. I argue that, while expressing something that cannot really be talked about is specifically enabled by discursive, affective, and corporeal experiences of VR, “the unspoken” at the same time eliminates the possibility of transcendence for various subjects involved in the making of a “reality.” The “political” in VR most visibly manifests itself in terms of rivalry over how to attain and behold the desirable, which becomes normalized beyond mores; inequalities thus produced are not rendered as constituting an injustice to any significant degree. This article is part of the special issue “Media, Migration, and Nationalism” of the journal Global Perspectives, Media and Communication, guest-edited by Koen Leurs and Tomohisa Hirata.
Representations of Syrian Refugees in UNICEF’s Media Projects: New Vulnerabilities in Digital Humanitarian Communication
Authors: Etem Aysehan Jülide
Published: June 2020

As one of the worst crises of the century continues in Syria, media representations of refugees by humanitarian organizations shape how audiences perceive the crisis. This article focuses on representations of Syrian refugees in UNICEF’s media projects. Drawing on case studies of Unfairy Tales and the #ChildrenofSyria blog, the following interrelated questions are addressed: How are Syrian refugees represented? Who has the authority and the voice to produce media about Syrian refugees? How does whiteness shape representations of Syrian refugees in digital media spaces? How do user engagement, spammers, and bots produce vulnerabilities in digital humanitarian communication? The goal of this study is to highlight how the good intention of raising awareness of the refugee crisis challenges the authority and the voice of participants. This examination relies on critical discourse analysis and theories of representation, critical race, authorship, and documentary studies. The study identifies how the platform design, user engagement, and racial codification of refugees contribute to a power (a)symmetry between depicted Syrian refugees, media makers, and audiences. This article is part of the special issue “Media, Migration, and Nationalism” of the journal Global Perspectives, Media and Communication, guest-edited by Koen Leurs and Tomohisa Hirata.
Digital Literacy in Formal Online Education: A Short Review
Authors: Yustika Gaung Perwira , Iswati Sri
Published: June 2020

This study aims to explain the current findings of digital literacy in formal online education. The methods of research is a type of library descriptionÂ  obtained from relevant scientific articles obtained from internet search media library engines: proquest, researchgate, google scholar and other search engines with keyword search "digital literacy" to find the publication of related scientific papers / relevant to the topic. Then the 41 articles found (listed in the references) are studied and then explained from the author's perspective. Digital literacy is multi-dimensional, built by multi construct hypotesis. In the previous research found a higher level of digital literacy that was positively related to the output of learning outcomes in the subjects studied. Online learnersÂ  feel anxious because they do not understand and are accustomed to online classes, especially for those who have limited computer skills. Most importantly, independent students get the final grade of the program far better than non-independent students. The best predictor of academic success, measured by the final grades, namely components of academic skills, reading and writing abilities. Higher levels of digital literacy positively affected the high output of learning outcomes to student academic performance.
TEMEL KAYNAKLAR VE ÇEKİCİLİKLER YÖNÜNDEN KASTAMONU İLİ REKABETÇİLİĞİNİN KONAKLAMA SEKTÖRÜ PAYDAŞLARI BAKIŞ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: AKKUŞ Gülizar , BÖYÜKYILMAZ Savaş
Published: June 2020

Turizm destinasyonlarının sahip olduğu temel kaynak ve çekicilikler, özellikle yakın rakiplerine kıyasla destinasyonlara üstünlük sağlamaktadır. Bu sebeple birçok destinasyon öncelikli olarak bu kaynak ve çekiciliklerini tespit etmeye odaklanmakta, ardından rekabetçilik ölçümleri yapmaktadır. Ancak kapsamlı literatür taraması sonucu destinasyon rekabetçiliğine ilişkin araştırmaların sıklıkla yabancı yazında yer aldığı, Türkçe yazında ise konuya ilişkin araştırma sayısı oldukça kısıtlı olmakla birlikte yalnızca büyük şehirlere odaklanıldığı saptanmıştır.

Bu araştırmada hem otantik hem de metropol kuvvetli rakipleri bulunan Kastamonu ilinin sahip olduğu temel kaynaklara ve çekiciliklere yönelik turizm sektörü paydaşlarının görüşlerini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Paydaşlar içerisinde önemli bir rol oynayan konaklama işletmesi yöneticileri ile toplam 15 derinlemesine görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşme soruları oluşturulurken Ritchie ve Crouch’un (2003) Kavramsal Rekabetçilik Modeli’nde yer alan temel kaynaklar ve çekicilikler faktörünü oluşturan yedi bileşenden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda paydaşların Kastamonu’yu fizyografi ve iklim bileşeni açısından orman kaynakları ve manzara güzelliği, kültür ve tarih bileşeni açısından geleneksel mimari, etkinlikler karması bileşeni açısından yetişkinlere yönelik ve zor maceraya dayalı etkinlikler, özel etkinlikler bileşeni açısından tarihsel kilometre taşlarına yönelik etkinlikler, eğlence bileşeni açısından geleneksel festivaller, üstyapı bileşeni açısından cami, medreseleri ve doğa harikaları, piyasa bağları bileşeni açısından dini ziyaretler ile rakiplerine kıyasla daha rekabetçi bulduğu tespit edilmiştir.
THE EFFECTS OF BOREOUT ON STRESS, DEPRESSION, AND ANXIETY IN THE WORKPLACE
Authors: ÖZSUNGUR Fahri
Published: June 2020

The study aims to determine the effects of boreout on employee’s depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Furthermore, it is aimed to reveal employee’s job meaningless, employee’s job boring, stress factors, ways of coping and being happy under stress via interview. This study was conducted with 186 participants recruited from the Chambers of Commerce in Turkey. Mixed-Method Evaluation Design has been adopted in the study based on the social exchange theory, which includes quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. Findings revealed a positive association between boreout, depression, stress, and anxiety. The coding findings confirmed the three-dimensional structure of the boreout scale those were the problems arising from managers, employees and working conditions. Furthermore, stress was perceived by the employees as three main effects in terms of keeping away, accepting and struggling.
ÖĞRENCİLERİN MUHASEBE MESLEĞİNDE KARİYER YAPMA NİYETLERİNİN PLANLI DAVRANIŞ TEORİSİ PERSPEKTİFİNDE İNCELENMESİ: AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: YÜCENURŞEN Mehmet
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ajzen’in Planlı Davranış Teorisi çerçevesinde öğrencilerin muhasebe mesleğinde kariyer yapma niyetlerini incelemektir. Çalışmada, bir devlet üniversitesinin meslek yüksekokulunda Muhasebe ve Vergi Uygulamaları Programı, İşletme Programı, Bankacılık ve Sigortacılık Programı ve Maliye Programı’nda öğrenim gören 179 öğrencisine bir anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde, tanımlayıcı istatistikler ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kapsamında oluşturulan yol analizi kullanılmıştır. İleri sürülen hipotezlerin analizi sonucunda öğrencilerin tutum ve subjektif normlarının muhasebe mesleğinde kariyer yapma niyetlerini pozitif ve anlamlı etkilediği saptanmıştır.
ALTIN FİYATI İLE İTHALAT VE İŞLEM MİKTARI, BRENT PETROL VE DIŞ TİCARET ETKİLEŞİMİ
Authors: BAĞIŞ Bilal , BOYACI Ayşe Büşra
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de 2000 ile 2017 yılları arasında üçer aylık külçe/gr altın fiyatı ile belli başlı makro ve finansal değişkenler (altın ithalat miktarı, dış ticaret endeksi ve döviz kuru gibi) arasındaki ekonomik ilişki, istatistiksel olarak modellendirilip; açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel amacı altın ithalat miktarı, altın piyasası endeksi, altın işlem miktarı, dış ticaret endeksi, USD kuru ve Avro kurundaki çeyrek dönemlik değişimler gibi değişkenlerin bir bütün olarak külçe/gr altın fiyatı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Aynı zamanda, altın fiyatıyla bu değişkenler arasında karşılıklı anlamlı ilişkiler olup olmadığı; varsa bu ilişkilerin dereceleri araştırılmaktır. Yapılan basit regresyon analizi sonucu, cumhuriyet altını fiyatı, brent petrol fiyatı ve dış ticaret endeksinde oluşan değişikliklerin, altın fiyatını aynı (pozitif) yönlü etkilediği; altın piyasası endeksi, altın işlem miktarı ve altın ithalat miktarındaki değişikliklerin, altın fiyatını ters (negatif) yönde etkilediği görülmektedir.
THE INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN TURKEY AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Authors: ÇETİN Zuhal Önez
Published: June 2020

Local governments at the global and national level faced difficulties at the provision of local services owing to the raise in the population a result of the international migration. In that context, local governments are the closest administrative units for citizens and the demand towards the local services has raised with the arrival of the migrants. In the study, firstly, the concepts of migration, international migration, migration management and migrant have been explained. Secondly, the local governments’ role has assessed on migration at the international and national level. On that scope, the local governments’ role in related to migration has been searched with using the document analysis method and the significant documents such as the workshops’ Reports in related to migration in Turkey, The Grand National Assembly of Turkey ‘Migration and Cohesion’ Report (2018) and Regional Refugee & Resilience Plans (3RP) prepared from 2015 to 2020 country chapters in related to Turkey have been searched. In the study, the target is to examine local governments’ role on the issue of migration, the main problem areas of local governments on that issue and the solution proposals towards those problems. In the last part of the study, some proposals have been made for the local governments on the issue of international migration.
TÜRKİYE’DE CARİ AÇIK SORUNUNUN ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ
Authors: KIZILDERE Celal
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyümenin, cari açık üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmek amacı ile tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak cari işlemler açığı (CAD), kişi başına enerji tüketimi (ENCN) ve ekonomik büyüme (GDP) değişkenleri ele alınmıştır. Ekonomik büyümeyi temsilen kişi başına düşen reel milli gelir kullanılmıştır. Dönem olarak verilere ulaşılabilirlik durumuna göre 1974-2015 yılları aralığının seçildiği çalışmada, değişkenlere ait seriler yıllık olarak Dünya Bankası veri tabanından elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın, literatürdeki cari açık ile belirleyicileri üzerine yapılan diğer ampirik çalışmalardan farkı ise; cari açığa büyük oranda neden olduğu düşünülen değişkenlerin spesifik olarak ele alınması ve bunların farklı dönem ve farklı modeller ile analiz edilmiş olmasıdır. Augmented-Dickey Fuller (ADF) ve Philips-Perron (PP) birim kök testlerinin uygulandığı çalışmada serilerin, birinci farkları alındığında durağan hale geldikleri görülmüştür. Daha sonra yapılan Granger nedensellik analizinin sonucunda hem ekonomik büyümeden hem de enerji tüketiminden cari açığa doğru %5 anlamlılık düzeyinde anlamlı bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmuştur.
FİNANSAL OKURYAZARLIĞIN BİREYSEL EMEKLİLİK SİSTEMİNE KATILIM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: UŞAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ PERSONELİNE YÖNELİK BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: BAYAR Yılmaz , GÜNDÜZ Murat , ÖZTÜRK Ömer Faruk , ŞAŞMAZ Mahmut Ünsal
Published: June 2020

Bireysel emeklilik şirketleri, finansal sistemin önemli kurumsal yatırımcılarından birisidir ve uzun vadeli yatırım perspektifi ile finansal sistemin gelişimine önemli katkı sağlamaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada Uşak Üniversitesi personeli örnekleminde anket yöntemiyle elde edilen veriler ile faktör analizi ve lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılarak finansal okuryazarlık düzeyinin kişilerin bireysel emekliliğe katılımı üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda temel ve orta düzeyde finansal okuryazarlık düzeyinin kişilerin bireysel emekliliğe katılımı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığı, ileri düzeyde finansal okuryazarlığın ise kişilerin bireysel emekliliğe katılımını negatif etkilediği belirlenmiştir.
Association of placental nutrient sensing pathways with birth weight
Authors: Lazo-de-la-Vega-Monroy Maria-Luisa , Mata-Tapia Karen-Alejandra , Garcia-Santillan Juan-Antonio , Corona-Figueroa Maria-Angelica , Gonzalez-Dominguez Martha-Isabel , Gomez-Zapata Hector-Manuel , Malacara Juan-Manuel , Daza-Benitez Leonel , Barbosa-Sabanero Gloria
Published: June 2020

Birth weight (BW) is an important indicator for newborn health. Both high and low BW is associated with increased risks for adult metabolic diseases. AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), and insulin/IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) pathways may function as placental sensors of maternal hormonal and nutritional status. However, the physiological role of these pathways in placenta has not been completely elucidated. To evaluate expression and activation of AMPK, mTOR, and insulin/IGF1 pathways and its association with placental weight (PW), BW, and maternal hormonal and metabolic status, we performed a cross-sectional study in placentas from non-obese mothers with SGA (n = 17), AGA (n = 19) and LGA (n = 10) newborns. We analyzed placental expression of total and phosphorylated key proteins from the AMPK, mTOR and insulin/IGF1 pathways. Maternal and cord blood hormones were determined by ELISA. AMPK and LKB1 activation correlated negatively with PW and BW, cord leptin, and pregestational BMI. Placental SIRT1 inversely correlated with BW, cord leptin, neonatal HOMA-IR, and maternal IGF1. PGC1α correlated negatively with PW and BW. Phosphorylated mTOR positively correlated with maternal glucose, PW and BW. IGF1R was lower in SGA. No changes in p-IGF1R, INSRb, total AKT or p-AKT were found, and pPDK1 was lower in SGA and LGA. These results suggest that placental AMPK, insulin/IGF1, and mTOR pathways may influence fetal growth, perhaps regulating placental physiology, even in metabolically healthy pregnancies. Our study highlights these nutrient sensing pathways as potential molecular mechanisms modulating placental adaptations and, thus, long-term metabolic health.
Genomic Analysis of Diverse Members of the Fungal Genus Monosporascus Reveals Novel Lineages, Unique Genome Content and a Potential Bacterial Associate
Authors: Robinson Aaron J , Natvig Donald O , Chain Patrick S G
Published: June 2020

The genus Monosporascus represents an enigmatic group of fungi important in agriculture and widely distributed in natural arid ecosystems. Of the nine described species, two (M. cannonballus and M. eutypoides) are important pathogens on the roots of members of Cucurbitaceae in agricultural settings. The remaining seven species are capable of colonizing roots from a diverse host range without causing obvious disease symptoms. Recent molecular and culture studies have shown that members of the genus are nearly ubiquitous as root endophytes in arid environments of the Southwestern United States. Isolates have been obtained from apparently healthy roots of grasses, shrubs and herbaceous plants located in central New Mexico and other regions of the Southwest. Phylogenetic and genomic analyses reveal substantial diversity in these isolates. The New Mexico isolates include close relatives of M. cannonballus and M. ibericus, as well as isolates that represent previously unrecognized lineages. To explore evolutionary relationships within the genus and gain insights into potential ecological functions, we sequenced and assembled the genomes of three M. cannonballus isolates, one M. ibericus isolate, and six diverse New Mexico isolates. The assembled genomes were significantly larger than what is typical for the Sordariomycetes despite having predicted gene numbers similar to other members of the class. Differences in predicted genome content and organization were observed between endophytic and pathogenic lineages of Monosporascus. Several Monosporascus isolates appear to form associations with members of the bacterial genus Ralstonia (Burkholdariaceae).
EL CONDADO DEL ÁGUILA Y SU RECUPERACIÓN EN EL SIGLO XIX
Authors: Porres Benavides Jesús
Published: June 2020

La familia Espinosa, oriunda de Arcos de la Frontera (Cádiz) y establecida en Sevilla, será engrandecida con el condado del Águila por el rey Felipe V a principios del XVIII. En el presente artículo se lleva a cabo una revisión de la figura de los cuatro primeros condes haciendo especial hincapié en el segundo, por su especial relevancia social y política en la ciudad. Asimismo, estudiamos como esta rama quedó sin sucesión, y la posterior rehabilitación del título por la familia ecijana González de Aguilar, primos lejanos del IV conde.
Methodology of applying standard costing and normative methods in manufacturing enterprises
Authors: Tamulevičienė Daiva , Mackevičius Jonas , Gaižauskas Lionius
Published: June 2020

Appropriate choice of the production cost calculation methods helps not only to estimate the production cost correctly, but also to correctly determine prices of products as well as their profit and profitability, draw up budgets, control expenses, make operational and prospective management decisions. The article analyses effective standard costing and normative methods that are still seldom applied in Lithuanian enterprises. A brief history of how the methods were created is provided. The advantages and aims as well as their similarities and differences are analysed. A methodology of applying standard costing and normative methods in manufacturing enterprises was prepared. Application of these methodologies is going to help managers and accountants to introduce the methods easier and at a lower cost.
BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND FATTY ACID PROFILE OF THE MARINE MICROALGA Isochrysis galbana DRIED WITH DIFFERENT METHODS
Authors: Pezhman Hosseini Shekarabi Seyed , Shamsaie Mehrgan Mehdi , Razi Niloofar , Sabzi Soheila
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the effects of different drying methods on proximate composition, pigment contents, and fatty acids profile of Isochrysis galbana were evaluated. The microalgae biomass was dried by freeze drying (FD), oven drying (OD), spray drying (SPD), and sun drying (SD) methods to identify the best procedure with the lowest negative impacts on the algae nutrient values including pigments, proximate composition, and fatty acid profile. The highest protein content was obtained in FD (62.200.15 %). Also, the lipid content of the dried microalga was significantly influenced by the drying process, while among all treatments, the highest and lowest values were measured in FD (13.770.42 %) and SD (11.680.16 %) samples, respectively (P
PROXIMATE, MINERAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF TIGER NUT FLOUR EXTRACTED FROM DIFFERENT TIGER NUTS CULTIVARS
Authors: G.C Nina , A. F. Ogori , M Ukeyima. , Hleba Lukas , Císarová Miroslava , Okuskhanova Eleonora , Vlasov Stanislav , Batishcheva Natalya , Goncharov Andrey , Ali Shariati Mohammad
Published: June 2020

Tiger nut flour extracted from (black, brown and yellow) cultivars using attrition milling process was investigated. Tiger nut flours labeled Ab, Bb and Cy for black, brown and yellow cultivars were produced respectively. Proximate composition, mineral elements contents, functional properties of the tiger nut flours were determined. There was significant (p
EFFECTS OF LOW SODIUM CHLORIDE SUBSTITUTES ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF KAPI, A FERMENTED SHRIMP PASTE, DURING FERMENTATION
Authors: Nitipong Jittrepotch , Kamonwan Rojsunthornkitti , Teeraporn Kongbangkerd
Published: June 2020

The effects of low sodium chloride substitutes on physico-chemical and sensory properties of Kapi, a fermented shrimp paste during fermentation period were investigated. Changes in sodium chloride content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), antioxidant activities as determined by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine) and ABTS (2,2-axino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical, water activity (Aw), color values, weight loss content and sensory evaluation were monitored. During fermentation, the Aw was decreased in all samples (P0.05). The samples using sodium chloride substitute contented lower sodium chloride than control (100% NaCl) (P0.05). We found that a replacement by KCl and CaCl2 decreased intensity of reactions to lipid oxidation, while 100% NaCl had a significantly higher TBARS value than other samples (P0.05). The percentage of inhibition DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity significant increased (P0.05) with increasing fermentation periods, but there was no significant difference between treatments. The result of sensory evaluation revealed that fermented shrimp paste with 25 and 50% KCl had the highest overall acceptance scores with the CaCl2 replacement (P0.05), there was no significant difference from 100% NaCl.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON CAMELLIA KISSI WALL. FOR ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITIES
Authors: Jalli Nagaraju , Sri KV Santhi , Hnamte Sairengpuii , Pattnaik Subhaswaraj , Paramanantham Parasuraman , Siddhardha Busi
Published: June 2020

Plants are known for their widespread biological activities with special reference to the use in folkloric medicines for the treatment of several diseases and metabolic disorders from ancient times. The presence of bioactive phytochemicals especially phenolic compounds, tocopherol, phytol etc. are responsible for the potential bioactivities of plants. In the present study, the radical scavenging potential of ethanolic extract of Camellia kissi wall. was evaluated. In addition, the effect of C. kissi wall. on quorum sensing (QS) associated virulence and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was also investigated. The crude extract of C. kissi wall exhibited a significant antioxidant activity against DPPH and hydroxyl radicals with a scavenging percentage of 73.77 ± 3.58 and 75.3 ± 4.45 % respectively. The plant extract also significantly inhibited the QS regulated pyocyanin production, bacterial motility and recalcitrant biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa PAO1. The anti-biofilm activity was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) analysis. The in vitro anti QS activity of C. kissi wall. was further confirmed by molecular docking studies specifically targeting the QS transcriptional regulatory protein, LasR. The present result will provide ample avenues to exploit medicinal plants in attenuating the QS regulated microbial infections and oxidative stress in the post-antibiotic era.
IN VITRO BIODEGRADATION OF OLEUROPEIN BY LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM FSO175 IN STRESS CONDITIONS (pH, NaCl AND GLUCOSE)
Authors: Ghabbour Nabil , Rokni Yahya , Abouloifa Houssam , Bellaouchi Reda , Chihib Nour-Eddine , Ben Salah Riadh , Lamzira Zahra , Saalaoui Ennouamane , Asehraou Abdeslam
Published: June 2020

The objective of this work is to study the oleuropein (OLP) biodegradation by a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum FSO175 under conditions (pH 4.5, NaCl 5% and glucose 1%), during 7 days of incubation at 30 °C, in modified MRS broth containing OLP as carbon source. The results obtained, by HPLC analyses, showed that the biodegradation of OLP by L. plantarum FSO175, is accompanied with increase of hydroxytyrosol (HT) content and acidity values. The yields of OLP degradation and HT accumulation are depending on carbon sources, stress conditions and time of incubation. So that, the drastic reduction in OLP biodegradation, obtained at pH 6.7 (trial B), decreased significantly (p
REDUCTION OF OIL UPTAKE FROM POTATO FENCH FRIES BY PLASTICISER SHELLAC AND ULTRASOUND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Kulkarni Devashree , Panda Soumyasudha , K. Sonawane Sachin , S. Dabade Ashish
Published: June 2020

Edible lac resin, shellac in different concentrations was used as a coating agent to reduce the oil uptake in deep-fried potato fries. The coating formulation was carried out by Shellac and D-Sorbitol. Shellac used in the concentrations 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% in combination with 0.25% D-sorbitol. Further coated samples were treated with ultrasonication for 5 minute and 10 minutes at 50 Hz. Potato fries coated with shellac and ultrasonicated were deep fried and analyzed for oil uptake, moisture content, color and sensory analysis. The oil content and moisture content of deep fried potato fries were determined using standard AOAC method, the colour analysis was carried out by software-based application and sensory analysis was carried out by a 9 point hedonic scale by 30 untrained panelists. With the increase in the concentration of shellac, the oil uptake by potato fries significantly reduced showing the highest reduction of 54.24% in 5% shellac coated potato fries. Potato fries coated with 5% shellac and ultrasonicated for 5 minutes showed 55.07% reduction whereas at 10 minutes, it showes reduction of 57.87%.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MUSCLE AFTER BEE BREAD APPLICATION IN THE NUTRITION OF JAPANESE QUAILS
Authors: Haščík Peter , Pavelková Adriana , Kalafová Anna , Capcarová Marcela , Čuboň Juraj , Bučko OndÅej , Kačániová Miroslava , Hanusová EmÃ­lia , Tkáčová Jana , Bobko Marek
Published: June 2020

The objective of study was to evaluate the effects of a diet supplemented with bee bread powder on the chemical composition of Japanese quail meat. A total of 80 one day-old quails were assigned to 4 treatments: 1. control (C), 2. experimental diet with bee bread (2 g.kg-1 of feed mixture (FM); E1), 3. experimental diet with bee bread (4 g.kg-1 of FM; E2) and 4. experimental diet with bee bread (6 g.kg-1 of FM; E3). The feeding period was 56 days. The supplementation with bee bread improved the protein content of the breast muscle at a dose of 4 a 6 g.kg-1 FM (25.16 and 25.25 g.100 g-1) versus C (24.55 g.100 g-1). In the thigh muscle, a slightly increased water content in E2 and E3 (70.34 and 70.22 g.100 g-1) compared to the C (69.38 g.100 g-1). Bee bread had a beneficial (P≥0.05) effect on the fat in the breast muscle (1.18 g.100 g-1 E1, 1.08 g.100 g-1 E2, 1.01 g.100 g-1 E3) in comparison to the control (1.21 g.100 g-1). The fat content in the thigh muscle increased (P≥0.05) in E1 (2.01 g.100 g-1), E2 (1.76 g.100 g-1), E3 (1.76 g.100 g-1) when compared to the C (1.30 g.100 g-1). Between male and female were observed differences only in the cholesterol content of the breast muscle of the C (female - 0.86 g.100 g-1, male - 0.72 g.100 g-1). Significant differences (P≤0.05) have be also found in the breast muscle in the female with respect to the water, protein, fat and cholesterol content when comparing the C and E2, E3. With respect to males we found differences (P≤0.05) in the protein content in the thigh muscle between E1:E3, E2:E3 and with respect to the fat content between the C and E2. We may state that bee bread powder at 4, respectively 6 g.kg-1 to the feed mixture could be a suitable supplement to the quail nutrition without a negative effect on the meat quality.
MILK THISTLE (SILYBUM MARIANUM): A VALUABLE MEDICINAL PLANT WITH SEVERAL THERAPEUTIC PURPOSES
Authors: Valková Veronika , Ďúranová Hana , Bilčíková Jana , Habán Miroslav
Published: June 2020

This review provides a systematic and in-depth overview of the promise and potential of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) as an interesting alternative nutraceutical preparation for pharmaceutical and medicinal applications. Moreover, it aims to summarize and update the existing evidence of extract of milk thistle in the treatment of various diseases by in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, and special care is paid to the action mechanisms. The main active component of milk thistle, collectively known as silymarin, consists of a mixture of flavonolignans and flavonoid taxifolin. Silymarin acts as a hepatoprotective, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective and lactogenic agent. Precise mechanisms of silymarin action still needs investigations and molecular/genetic background of silymarin synthesis is crucial to be elucidated for reinforcement of the therapeutical potential of the plant by breeding.
Molecular characterisation of probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum isolated from home made curd
Authors: N. Subramanyam Meera , Devi Mekala Charitha
Published: June 2020

The present study was undertaken to explore the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus isolated from traditional homemade curd. A total of 32 lactic acid bacterial isolates were screened from homemade curd collected from various regions of chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Most of the bacterial isolates were found to be gram positive, catalase negative and were preliminarily evaluated for their probiotic potential like acid tolerance, bile tolerance, thermo tolerance, osmo tolerance and antibiotic susceptibility. Among all the 32 isolates, 9 isolates viz. L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, and L9 were found to be having promising probiotic activity were further screened for antagonism against enteropathogens. One of the isolate (Lactobacillus spp L2) with significant probiotic properties, antagonistic activity was characterized by 16S rRNA sequence analysis and was identified as Lactobacillus fermentum. The bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus fermentum was purified by a process of ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography techniques. The study revealed the possibility of using bacteriocin as a food preservative and the Lactobacillus fermentum strain as probiotic.
DEGRADATION KINETICS OF VITAMIN C AND β- CAROTNE IN MANGO JUICE
Authors: A. F. Ogori , J. Amove , S. O. Ishaku , Hleba Lukas , Císarová Miroslava , Ekaterina Petukhova , Sirotkina Liudmila , Tsvelikhovskaya Anna , Bobruyko Ellina , Demidov Aleksei , Kurazheva Marina , Ali Shariati Mohammad
Published: June 2020

Kinetics study on Vitamin C and beta-carotene degradation in mango juice was examined. Ten (10) mango fruits (Mangifera Indica) of the common cultivar were selected for analysis; the fruits were allowed to reach approximately 75% of full ripeness. Sixteen (16) samples of the mango juice were pasteurized at temperatures of 60oC, 70 oC, 80 oC and 90 oC for 10, 20, 30, 40 minutes respectively, and kept under refrigerated conditions at 10 oC. The pH values at these periods ranged from 4.43-4.47. Results showed that both Vitamin C and beta carotene concentrations decreased with time following a zero order kinetic model. The highest R2 coefficient was 0.9955 in Vitamin C, while that of beta- carotene was 0.9872. The Arrhenius plots (Ink versus 1/T) showed the calculated activated energy Ea =12.192KJ/mol for Vitamin C. while the activation energy Ea = 19.097KJ/mol for beta-carotene. Hereto, heat treatment of mango juice should be carried out under low temperature conditions at short given intervals to retain the vitamin c and beta-carotene contents after juicing, during processing.
MODULATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BIOFILM BY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Authors: Bucko Samuel , Čuvalová Anna , Labun Ján , Zbojovský Ján , Bujňáková Dobroslava , Kmeť Vladimír
Published: June 2020

Mobile communication systems are undoubtedly an environmental source of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Although the direct health effect of a cell phone to human is still elusive, the effect to unicellular organisms is rather apparent. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of EMR on development of bacterial biofilm. Microtitration plates with four strains of Staphylococcus aureus were exposed to electromagnetic field of frequencies 1-5 GHz, which are used in mobile phones. The results showed mostly the inhibition of the development biofilm activity at frequencies 1, 2 and 3 GHz, however the significant stimulation of biofilm development occurred at frequencies 4 and 5 GHz. Our observations demonstrate that EMR exposure produced modulation effects on bacterial biofilms, which are very important in commensal and pathogen bacteria.
FREEZE-DRIED, VIABLE, DISPERSED AND STABLE FORMULATION OF THE “LIQUID INTRA-VESICAL IMMUNOTHERAPY BCG MOREAU® FINLAY”
Authors: Bell Ydalis Griñan , Isis García H. , Hernández Tamara  Z. , Sarmiento María Elena GSM , Domínguez Armando Acosta , Gonzalez Elizabeth Aznar , Tamayo Martha Carralero , Huergo Concepción Campa , Hleba Lukas , Shariati Mohammad Ali , Imran Muhammad , Plygun Sergey , Laishevtcev Alexy , González V. Gustavo Sierra
Published: June 2020

The current study designed to obtain, execute and test a freeze-drying protocol for the preparation and a better storage conservation of the live attenuate Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Moreau-Finlay, fundamental element for the immunotherapy against bladder carcinoma, passed successfully all trials. The new lyophilized formulation also reduces the in vivo toxicity compared to present BCG liquid preparation by means of lowering dose needed for the treatment. The second re-seeding of the Moreau Rio de Janeiro sub-strain of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (pBCG Moreau); was sub-cultured in the Sauton Synthetic Medium (SSMII), previously maintained in Seed Lot Systems and harvested during the logarithmic growth phase. Basic Bacterial Suspension (BBS) was then prepared, homogenized and stabilized by freeze-drying in vehicle A, compare to vehicle B. By means of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was realized the comparative quality control of the (BBS) preparation before and after lyophilisation procedure of the final product. A high (%) colony count measure in Ogawa medium and average survival of 50.4% (Heat stability over the time). Additional values as (0.75 – 0.95 %) were obtained for the ranks of dispersion using Zieln Nielsen and the Dubos Methods. The integrity/vitality oscillated from 67.8 to 68.5 (%) measured by oxygen consumption, the residual humidity indicators from 73 to 74 (%)[BBS] and the accepts organoleptic properties designed all aftermaths concern the in vitro assays required by World Health Organization (WHO) standards for BCG intra-Vesical final product. A freeze-dried “Onco BCG Moreau - Finlay” formulation was successfully produced and has many “in vitro and in vivo test” practical and theoretical advantages when it compared to the current liquid preparation, such as the best preserving BCG biological properties and reducing the dose of product required for treatment.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL SOLVENT STABLE BACILLUS CEREUS PI-C4 PROTEASE FROM POULTRY WASTE
Authors: Bhardwaj Parul , Anjum Saba , Dahiya Praveen
Published: June 2020

A total of sixty-four bacterial isolates producing enzyme protease were isolated and screened from soil samples obtained from industries. A new potent solvent stable and alkaline protease producing isolate PI-C4 was isolated from Ghazipur Poultry waste site which was identified to be Bacillus cereus based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Consensus sequence of 1398 bp of the strain PI-C4 has been deposited in GenBank with accession number KM211501. Furthermore, the PI-C4 enzyme was subjected to precipitation using ammonium sulphate (70% saturation), dialysis and was further concentrated by ion exchange chromatography which resulted in purification fold of 2.47 and 57.7% yield. The alkaline protease was found to be 46 kDa. Enzyme PI-C4 was also characterized with respect to temperature and pH and was found to be active at pH 9.0 and 450C. The protease possesses significant stability (64.7-82.2%) in the presence of surfactants tested. The alkaline protease possesses higher stability in solvent DMSO (107%) followed by acetone (91%) and isopropanol (82%). The protease could therefore be useful for various applications like enzymatic leather treatment, feather degradation and recovery of silver.
USE OF COMPOSITE AGRO-SUBSTRATES FOR AMYLOGLUCOSIDASE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION BY Aspergillus niger OTF AND Aspergillus flavus CLOR1 USING SOLID STATE FERMENTATION
Authors: Osho Michael B. , Solomon ThankGod
Published: June 2020

Amyloglucosidase catalyses the hydrolysisof glycosidic residues from non-reducing ends of amylose and amylopectin in starch components to produce β-D-glucose for industrial processes. The utilization of composite agro-substrates for amyloglucosidase production byAspergillus niger OTF and A. flavus CLOR1 using solid state fermentation and characterization of the enzyme were investigated. The substrates include rice bran (R), soybeans flour (S), palm kernel cake (P), wheat bran (W) and oyster shell (O) at various compositions (Medium I – VIII) were supplied with adequate moisture content for a solid culture medium of fermentation.They were inoculated into with the isolates and incubated at 30 °C for 120 h respectively. Cultural conditions such as temperature, pH and storage stability were optimized. Medium I (WSPO; 100:2:3:1, w/w) yielded amyloglucosidase activity 83.92 Ug-1and Medium V (WSP; 100:2:3, w/w) resulted into activity 67.64 Ug-1 at 48 h optimal time. There was decline in activity after 48 h in all samples but with maximum activity at pH 5. Aspergillus niger OTF showed maximum amyloglucosidase activity23.5 Ug-1 as compared with A. flavus CLOR1 20.07 Ug-1 at 30 ºC. The residual activities in term of storage stability were 43.9% and 44.9% at 4 °C and 68. 6% and 27.8% at 28 °C at week 2 respectively which later declined over a period of time. This study revealed that higher glucoamylase activity was significantly enhanced using these inexpensive and readily available agro-residues by both strains of isolates in solid culture medium. Thus, these residues could be a potential and economic source for the production of amyloglucosidase.
TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POTENTIAL PROBIOTIC LACTOBACILLUS STRAINS ISOLATED FROM TRADITIONAL FERMENTING GREEN OLIVE
Authors: Abouloifa Houssam , Rokni Yahya , Bellaouchi Reda , Hasnaoui Ismail , Gaamouche Sara , Ghabbour Nabil , Chaoui Jabir , Brasca Milena , Karboune Salwa , Salah Riadh Ben , Saalaoui Ennouamane , Asehraou Abdeslam
Published: June 2020

The aim of the present study was to evaluate some technological properties and potential probiotic of 14 Lactobacillus strains isolated from brines of natural fermenting Moroccan Picholine green olive. The brine samples, collected from industrial environments, were analyzed for their Physico-chemical and microbiological properties. The Lactobacillus strains were characterized for their technological and physiological properties. The results obtained showed that the olive brines have an average pH of 4.32, an acidity of 0.61% and chloride contents of 6.42%. LAB and yeasts are the most dominant microorganisms in olive brine samples. The selected Lactobacillus (14 strains) showed low resistance to pH 2 and high resistance to bile salts (up to 2%), with values ranges from 1.98%-4.70% and 63.12%-86.48%, respectively. All the Lactobacillus strains displayed high levels of acidification and can produce β-glucosidase, protease, and cellulase in large amounts. The diacetyl production is detected in five Lactobacillus strains.
DETERMINATION OF MYCOBIOTA AND MICROBIAL LOADS OF GRAPES GROWN IN BOZCAADA, TURKEY
Authors: ÖZCAN ATEŞ Gülçin , DEMİREL ZORBA Nükhet Nilüfer
Published: June 2020

Bozcaada which is a province of Çanakkale, Turkey, is located between the 390 48 north parallel and 260 east meridians. The largest livelihood of Bozcaada is viticulture. Therefore, in our study, microbial load, and mould diversity of the Çavuş (table) and Karalahna (wine) grapes which are endemic to the island were evaluated, and ochratoxin production potentials of Aspergillus isolates were investigated by HPLC. A total of 6 vineyards with Çavuş and Karalahna grapes were sampled in 2015 and 2016. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria count of grapes ranged between 0.00 and 4.21 log CFU/g, yeast load between 0.00 and 2.66 log CFU/g and mould load between 1.67 and 3.20 log CFU/g. A total of 2264 mould isolates were taken from samples. All isolates were identified at the genus level. Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were the most isolated species in 2015, while Alternaria spp. and Cladosporium spp. were the most isolated species in 2016. It was determined that 13.78% (312) of the isolates were Aspergillus spp., 54 of these isolates, have been selected and identified at the species level. Twenty-one of the black Aspergillus isolates were identified as A. niger / A. acidus, twenty-four of them were A. carbonarius and one of them is A. ibericus. The two white isolates were found to be A. candidus, the creamy brownish-spore forming isolate was A. terreus, and three green isolates were identified as A. flavus, A. calidoustus and A. sydowii. Six isolates (4 A. niger, 1 A. calidoustus, and 1 A. sydowii) were producing OTA. The amounts of ochratoxins varied from 0.80 to 74.01 ng/g.