bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Private Sector Provision of Oral Rehydration Therapy for Child Diarrhea in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Sood Neeraj , Wagner Zachary
Published: April 2014

Although diarrheal mortality is cheaply preventable with oral rehydration therapy (ORT), over 700,000 children die of diarrhea annually and many health providers fail to treat diarrheal cases with ORT. Provision of ORT may differ between for-profit and public providers. This study used Demographic and Health Survey data from 19,059 children across 29 countries in sub-Saharan Africa from 2003 to 2011 to measure differences in child diarrhea treatment between private for-profit and public health providers. Differences in treatment provision were estimated using probit regression models controlling for key confounders. For-profit providers were 15% points less likely to provide ORT (95% confidence interval [CI] 13–17) than public providers and 12% points more likely to provide other treatments (95% CI 10–15). These disparities in ORT provision were more pronounced for poorer children in rural areas. As private healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa continues to expand, interventions to increase private sector provision of ORT should be explored.
Larval Competition Extends Developmental Time and Decreases Adult Size of wMelPop Wolbachia-Infected Aedes aegypti
Authors: Ross Perran A. , Endersby Nancy M. , Yeap Heng Lin , Hoffmann Ary A.
Published: April 2014

The intracellular endosymbiont Wolbachia has been artificially transinfected into the dengue vector Aedes aegypti, where it is being investigated as a potential dengue biological control agent. Invasion of Wolbachia in natural populations depends upon the fitness of Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti relative to uninfected competitors. Although Wolbachia infections impose fitness costs on the adult host, effects at the immature stages are less clear, particularly in competitive situations. We look for effects of two Wolbachia infections, wMel and wMelPop, on intra-strain and inter-strain larval competition in Ae. aegypti. Development of Wolbachia-infected larvae is delayed in mixed cohorts with uninfected larvae under crowded-rearing conditions. Slow developing wMelPop-infected larvae have reduced adult size compared with uninfected larvae, and larvae with the wMel infection are somewhat larger and have greater viability relative to uninfected larvae when in mixed cohorts. Implications for successful invasion by these Wolbachia infections under field conditions are considered.
Effects of Pre-aeration on the Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge
Authors: Ahn Young-Mi , Wi Jun , Park Jin-Kyu , Higuchi Sotaro , Lee Nam-Hoon
Published: April 2014

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pre-aeration on sludge solubilization and the behaviors of nitrogen, dissolved sulfide, sulfate, and siloxane. The results of this study showed that soluble chemical oxygen demand in sewage sludge could be increased through pre-aeration. The pre-aeration process resulted in a higher methane yield compared to the anaerobic condition (blank). The pre-aeration of sewage sludge, therefore, was shown to be an effective method for enhancing the digestibility of the sewage sludge. In addition, this result confirms that the pre-aeration of sewage sludge prior to its anaerobic digestion accelerates the growth of methanogenic bacteria. Removal rates for NH3-N and T-N increased simultaneously during pre-aeration, indicating simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The siloxane concentration in sewage sludge decreased by 40% after 96 hr of pre-aeration; in contrast, the sulfide concentration in sewage sludge did not change. Therefore, pre-aeration can be employed as an efficient treatment option to achieve higher methane yield and lower siloxane concentration in sewage sludge. In addition, reduction of nitrogen loading by pre-aeration can reduce operating costs to achieve better effluent water quality in wastewater treatment plant and benefit the anaerobic process by minimizing the toxic effect of ammonia.
Effects of Leachate during Vegetable Waste Composting using Rotary Drum Composter
Authors: Varma V. Sudharsan , Kalamdhad Ajay S.
Published: April 2014

In India, disposal of vegetable market waste along with municipal solid waste in landfills or dumpsites is creating much nuisance in terms of odor nuisance, leachate production, and greenhouse gas emission into the atmosphere. Therefore, vegetable waste with high biodegradable and nutrient content is composted in a 550-L batch scale rotary drum composter to study the degradation process and its compost properties for its potential reuse as high quality compost. A total 150 kg of working volume was fixed for composting studies with two different ratios, trial A (6:3:1) of C/N 24 and trial B (8:1:1) of C/N 30, respectively. A maximum of 63.5°C and 61.2°C was observed in trials A and B; an average of 55°C for more than 5 days, which helped in the degradation of organic matter and reduction of total and fecal coliform. The temperature dropped suddenly after the thermophilic stage in trial B, and leachate was observed due to insufficient amount of bulking agent. Mesophilic bacteria dominated during the initial stages of composting, and reduced considerably during the thermophilic stage. During the thermophilic stage, the rise in spore-forming organisms, including spore-forming bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and streptomycetes, increased and these were predominant until the end of the composting process. By examination, it was observed that moisture and leachate production had adverse effects on the compost parameters with higher loss of micronutrients and heavy metals.
Measurement of Ordinary Heterotrophic Organism Active Biomass in Activated Sludge Mixed Liquor: Evaluation and Comparison of the Quantifying Techniques
Authors: Lee Byung Joon , Wentzel Mark , Ekama George , Choi Yun Young , Choi Jung Woo
Published: April 2014

Ordinary heterotrophic organism (OHO) active biomass plays key roles in biological wastewater treatment processes. However, due to the lack of measurement techniques, the OHO active biomass exists hypothetically within the design and simulation of biological wastewater treatment processes. This research was purposed to develop a quick and easy quantifying technique for the OHO active biomass applying a modified batch aerobic growth test. Two nitrification-denitrification activated sludge systems, with 10- and 20-day sludge ages, were operated to provide well-cultured mixed liquor to the batch tests. A steady state design model was firstly applied to quantify the “theoretical” OHO active biomass concentration of the two parent systems. The mixed liquor from the parent systems was then inoculated to a batch growth test and a batch digestion test to estimate the “measured” OHO active biomass concentration in the mixed liquor. The measured OHO active biomass concentrations with the batch growth test and the batch digestion test were compared to the theoretical concentrations of the parent system. The measured concentrations with the batch growth test were generally smaller than the theoretical concentrations. However, the measured concentrations with the batch aerobic digestion tests showed a good correlation to the theoretical concentrations. Thus, a different microbial growth condition (i.e., a higher food/biomass ratio) in the batch growth test, compared to the parent system or the batch digestion test, was found to cause underestimation of the OHO active biomass concentrations.
Chemical and Biological Analyses of Bay Sediment Where Magnesium Oxide Compounds Are Applied
Authors: Cho Daechul , Jiang Sunny , Kwon Sung-Hyun
Published: April 2014

Three magnesium compounds, MgO2, MgO, and Mg(OH)2, which are supposed to supply oxygen continuously, were applied onto contaminated bay sediment and its ecology in order to activate the local microbial flora. Those compounds were found to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorus (T-P). Magnesium oxide, in particular, reduced COD by 30% and T-N and T-P considerably. All compounds also suppressed the release of pollutants in the order MgO2, MgO, and Mg(OH)2. Analysis of microbial flora showed that the microbial group treated by MgO2 and Mg(OH)2 was predictably stable; meanwhile, that treated by MgO increased the number of species, but decreased the total number of microorganisms.
Numerical analysis of the chemical kinetic mechanisms of ozone depletion and halogen release in the polar troposphere
Authors: Cao L. , Sihler H. , Platt U. , Gutheil E.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. The role of halogen species (e.g., Br, Cl) in the troposphere of polar regions has been investigated since the discovery of their importance for boundary layer ozone destruction in the polar spring about 25 years ago. Halogen species take part in an auto-catalytic chemical reaction cycle, which releases Br2 and BrCl from the sea salt aerosols, fresh sea ice or snowpack, leading to ozone depletion. In this study, three different chemical reaction schemes are investigated: a bromine-only reaction scheme, which then is subsequently extended to include nitrogen-containing compounds and chlorine species and corresponding chemical reactions. The importance of specific reactions and their rate constants is identified by a sensitivity analysis. The heterogeneous reaction rates are parameterized by considering the aerodynamic resistance, a reactive surface ratio, β, i.e., the ratio of reactive surface area to total ground surface area, and the boundary layer height, Lmix. It is found that for β = 1, a substantial ozone decrease occurs after five days and ozone depletion lasts for 40 h for Lmix = 200 m. For about β ≥ 20, the time required for major ozone depletion ([O3] < 4 ppb) to occur becomes independent of the height of the boundary layer, and for β = 100 it approaches two days, 28 h of which are attributable to the induction and 20 h to the depletion time. In polar regions, a small amount of NOx may exist, which stems from nitrate contained in the snow, and may have a strong impact on the ozone depletion. Therefore, the role of nitrogen-containing species on the ozone depletion rate is studied. The results show that the NOx concentrations are influenced by different chemical reactions over different time periods. During ozone depletion, the reaction cycle involving the BrONO2 hydrolysis is dominant. A critical value of 0.0004 of the uptake coefficient of the BrONO2 hydrolysis reaction at the aerosol and saline surfaces is identified, beyond which the existence of NOx species accelerates the ozone depletion event, whereas for lower values, deceleration occurs.
A scale-dependent blending scheme for WRFDA: impact on regional weather forecasting
Authors: Wang H. , Huang X.-Y. , Xu D. , Liu J.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. Due to limitation of the domain size and limited observations used in regional data assimilation and forecasting systems, regional forecasts suffer a general deficiency in effectively representing large-scale features such as those in global analyses and forecasts. In this paper, a scale-dependent blending scheme using a low-pass Raymond tangent implicit filter was implemented in the Data Assimilation system of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRFDA) to re-introduce large-scale weather features from global model analysis into the WRFDA analysis. The impact of the blending method on regional forecasts was assessed by conducting full cycle data assimilation and forecasting experiments for a two-week long period in September 2012. It is found that there are obvious large-scale forecast errors in the regional WRFDA system running in full cycle mode without the blending scheme. The scale-dependent blending scheme can efficiently re-introduce the large-scale information from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) analyses, and keep small-scale information from WRF analyses. The blending scheme is shown to reduce analysis and forecasting error of wind, temperature and humidity up to 24 h compared to the full cycle experiments without blending. It is also shown to increase precipitation prediction skills in the first 6 h forecasts.
Does travel behavior matter in defining urban form? A quantitative analysis characterizing distinct areas within a region
Authors: Jacques Cynthia , El-Geneidy Ahmed
Published: April 2014

Research that attempts to characterize urban form is confronted with two key issues: criticism of the use of aggregate units of analysis, such as census tracts, and a general lack of consideration of variables related to elements other than the built environment, such as residents’ behavior. This methodological study explores the impact of travel behavior variables in the quantitative characterization of urban form at the census tract level for the Montreal region. Two separate factor-cluster analyses are performed: the first includes built-environment variables commonly used to typify areas within a region, and a second includes additional travel behavior variables. The results of both models are compared to satellite images to determine which analysis more accurately represents the reality on the ground. The results provide empirical evidence that travel behavior variables, in addition to built form, provide a more accurate representation of urban form at the census tract level. These variables refine the model output by moderating the effect of features that generally led to misleading results. This effect is particularly evident in areas represented by large census tracts. These results suggest that considering both built environment and behavioral characteristics in an analysis of urban form yields more precise results at the (aggregate) census tract level. The findings from this study could be helpful for engineers and planners when conducting property value studies, urban investment analysis, and policy intervention prioritization and when expanding the well-known land use classification of urban and rural categories.
The influence of urban form on car travel following residential relocation: a current and retrospective study in Scottish urban areas
Authors: Woods Lee , Ferguson Neil
Published: April 2014

Spatial planning and policy continues to be used as a tool to bring about changes in travel behavior. Policy suggests that by creating particular urban forms, demand for travel by car can be reduced. This paper uses data collected in 2006 from 280 households in Glasgow and Edinburgh to analyze the relationships between urban form and vehicle miles driven, with an emphasis on those who had recently relocated. Population densities, housing type, distance to urban center, and measures of mix were collected for the current residential location and prior residence for those who had relocated in the previous three years. An ordinal regression model of change in urban form showed significant associations with reported change in miles driven, although the effect was small compared with the effects of socioeconomic factors and car ownership. While the results give some weight to intensification as a policy to bring about a reduction in average distance driven, there may be an increase in total distance driven in the intensified area with a corresponding increase in congestion. Whether such intensification can be enacted against a backdrop of preferences toward suburban, car-oriented living is contentious. As such, this study calls into question the use of planning policy as a means to reduce car use in Scottish cities.
National survey addressing the information needs of primary care physicians: Side effect management of patients on androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Soeyonggo Tony , Locke Jennifer , Del Giudice Maria Elizabeth , Alibhai Shabbir , Fleshner Neil Eric , Warde Padraig
Published: April 2014

Objective: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a common treatment for prostate cancer with numerous side effects. We assess primary care physicians’ (PCPs) knowledge of ADT side effects and their interest in increasing their knowledge in this area.Methods: A list of active Canadian PCPs was obtained using the Canadian Medical Directory. A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 600 randomly selected physicians. We collected PCPs’ demographic information, experience with ADT management, knowledge regarding ADT side effects and desired sources for obtaining knowledge on ADT management.Results: In total, we received 103 completed questionnaires. Of these, 89% of PCPs had patients on ADT. One-third of respondents prescribed ADT and over half of them administered ADT annually. Thirty-eight percent felt their knowledge of ADT side effects was inadequate and 50% felt uncomfortable counselling patients on ADT. Many PCPs were less familiar with the incidence of functional side effects of ADT (i.e., hot flashes, fatigue and erectile dysfunction) compared to life-threatening side effects (i.e., cardiovascular events, metabolic syndrome, fractures). In terms of increasing their knowledge of ADT side effects, 82% of PCPs would use educational resources if they were available (52% and 32% preferred continued medical education [CME] events and educational pamphlets, respectively).Conclusions: PCPs play an important role in managing ADT side effects. There is poor awareness of the prevalence of ADT side effects, and many are uncomfortable in managing these side effects. These areas may be addressed through CME programs and educational pamphlets.
Are Canadian urology residency programs fulfilling the Royal College expectations?: A survey of graduated chief residents
Authors: Bachir Bassel G. , Aprikian Armen G. , Kassouf Wassim
Published: April 2014

Introduction: We assess outgoing Canadian urology chief residents’ well-being, their satisfaction with their surgical training, and their proficiency in surgical procedures throughout their residency program.Methods: In 2012 an anonymous survey was sent by email to all 29 graduated urology chief residents across Canada. The survey included a list of all urologic surgical procedures listed by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC). According to the A/B/C classification used to assess competence in these procedures (A most competent, C least competent), we asked chief residents to self-classify their competence with regards to each procedure and we compared the final results to the current RCPSC classification.Results: The overall response rate among chief residents surveyed was 97%. An overwhelming majority (96.4%) of residents agreed that the residency program has affected their overall well-being, as well as their relationships with their families and/or partners (67.8%). Overall, 85.7% agreed that research was an integral part of the residency program and 78.6% have enrolled in a fellowship program post-graduation. Respondents believed that they have received the least adequate training in robotic surgery (89.3%), followed by female urology (67.8%), andrology/sexual medicine/infertility (67.8%), and reconstructive urology (61.4%). Interestingly, in several of the 42 surgical procedures classified as category A by the RCPSC, a significant percentage of residents felt that their proficiency was not category A, including repair of urinary fistulae (82.1%), pediatric indirect hernia repair and meatal repair for glanular hypospadias (67.9%), open pyeloplasty (64.3%), anteriorpelvic exenteration (61.6%), open varicocelectomy (60.7%) and radical cystoprostatectomy (33.3%). Furthermore, all respondents (100%) believed they were deficient in at least 1 of the 42 category A procedures, while 53.6 % believed they were deficient in at least 10 of the 42 procedures.Conclusions: Most residents agree that their residency program has affected their overall well-being as well as their relationships with their families and/or partners. There is also a clear deficiency in what outgoing residents perceive they have achieved and what the RCPSC mandates. Future work should concentrate on addressing this discrepancy to assure that training and RCPSC expectations are better aligned.
Salvage Holmium laser enucleation of prostate to treat recurring benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Oh Jin Kyu , Bae Jungbum , Jeong Chang Wook , Paick Jae-Seung , Oh Seung-June
Published: April 2014

Introduction: The Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) technique to remove residual adenoma has not been reported. Salvage HoLEP enables anatomical enucleation of residual adenoma in patients who have previously undergone surgical treatment. We describe not only anatomical insights into the frequent location of adenoma recurrence, but also the feasibility of the salvage HoLEP technique.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a database containing HoLEP video records for 35 patients out of a total of 535 individuals on whom HoLEP was performed by 2 surgeons (SJO & JSP) between July 2008 and June 2011. Group 1 consisted of patients who underwent salvage HoLEP due to recurring adenoma and Group 2 of patients who underwent HoLEP as an initially surgical management to treat benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). We compared the dataset of pre-, intra- and postoperative parameters between Groups 1 and 2.Results: In the analysis of the video records of Group 1 (n = 35), there was significant remnant tissue around the verumontanum and the lateral lobes were also incompletely removed by previous conventional procedures. When we compared pre-, intra- and postoperative parameters between the 2 groups, there were no significant differences, including operation time, duration of hospital stay. However, the duration of the catheterization of Group 1 was shorter than that of Group 2 (1.38 ± 0.55 vs. 1.90 ± 1.81 days, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Even for cases of residual BPH, salvage HoLEP is a feasible and effective procedure for treating residual adenoma along the anatomical plane.
Clinical and pathological features of primary renal angiosarcoma.
Authors: Iacovelli Roberto , Orlando Valentina , Palazzo Antonella , Cortesi Enrico
Published: April 2014

Introduction: We review all cases of renal angiosarcoma described in the medical literature to describe its clinical and histological features.Methods: The search term was “angiosarcoma of the kidney.” All articles or case reports in English, French, German or Spanish published until March 15, 2013 were considered. When available, data that focused on clinical and pathological features were extracted.Results: In total, the final cohort included 42 cases. The median overall survival (OS) was 5.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-7.9). Patients with metastatic disease had more than a threefold increase in the risk of death compared to patients without metastatic disease (hazard ratio: 3.27, 95% CI, 1.48-7.24; p = 0.004). Non-metastatic patients had dismal disease-free survival (DFS) rates, with a median DFS of 6.0 months (95% CI, 4.3-7.7); despite this, chemotherapy was effective to increase survival in eligible patients (4.0 vs. 1.0 months; p = 0.001). Microscopic examination found epithelioid and spindled cell in 44% and 56% of cases, respectively; there was a statistically insignificant increase in survival in patients with epithelioid patterns compared to spindled ones (9.0 vs. 4.0 months; p = 0.077). The tumour grading was related to OS; the lower the grade, the longer the survival (13 vs.4 months; p = 0.029).Conclusions: Renal angiosarcoma is a rare disease with defined clinical and pathological features. It has a very poor prognosis in patients with metastatic disease and a high recurrence rate in patients with non-metastatic disease.
Angiomyolipoma with caval extension and regional nodal involvement: Aggressive behaviour or just rare natural history? Case report and review of literature
Authors: Kaler Kamaljot Singh , Rittberg Rebekah , Drachenberg Darrel Edmond
Published: April 2014

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is predominantly a non-aggressive benign tumour. Cases of more aggressive AMLs are present in the literature. We present 2 cases of aggressive AML behaviour. The first case is an AML with vascular extension in a young female and the second case is of AML found in regional lymph nodes in a female with a left renal AML and renal cell carcinoma.
Utilization and perioperative outcomes of robotic vaginal vault suspension compared to abdominal or vaginal approaches for pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Sood Akshay , Li Hanhan , Sammon Jesse , Roghmann Florian , Ehlert Michael , Sun Maxine , Menon Mani , Atiemo Humphrey , Trinh Quoc-Dien
Published: April 2014

Objectives: Robot-assisted vaginal vault suspension (RAVVS) for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) represents a minimally-invasive alternative to abdominal sacrocolpopexy. We measured perioperative outcomes and utilization rates of RAVVS.Methods: RAVVS (n = 2381) and open VVS (OVVS, n = 11080) data were extracted from the 2009-2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Propensity score-matched analysis compared patients undergoing RAVVS or OVVS for complications, mortality, prolonged length-of-stay, and elevated hospital charges.Results: Use of RAVVS for POP increased from 2009 to 2010 (16.3% to 19.2%). Patients undergoing RAVVS were more likely to be white (77.2% vs. 69.6%), to carry private insurance (52.8% vs. 46.0%) and to have fewer comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI] ≥1 = 17.5% vs. 26.6%). They were more likely to undergo surgery at urban (98.2% vs. 93.7%) and academic centres (75.7% vs. 56.7%). Patients undergoing RAVVS were less likely to receive a blood-transfusion (0.7% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001) or experience prolonged length-of-stay (9.3% vs. 25.1%, p < 0.001). They had more intraoperative complications (6.0% vs. 4.2%, p < 0.001), and higher median hospital charges ($32 402 vs. $24 136, p < 0.001). Overall postoperative complications were equivalent (17.9%, p = 1.0), though there were differences in wound (0.4% vs. 1.3%, p < 0.001), genitourinary (4.9% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.009), and surgical (6.6% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.007) complications.Conclusions: The increasing use of RAVVS from 2009 to 2010 suggests a growth in the adoption of robotics to manage POP. We show that RAVVS is associated with decreased length of stay, fewer blood transfusions, as well as lower postoperative wound, genitourinary and vascular complications. The benefits of RAVVS are mitigated by higher hospital charges and higher rates of intraoperative complications.
What’s new in prostate cancer research? Highlights of GU-ASCO 2014
Authors: Editorial CUAJ
Published: April 2014

At the 2014 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium (GU-ASCO 2014), international researchers presented an extensive array of research in the field of prostate cancer treatment. The following pages provide a summary of some of the most compelling results presented during the three-day symposium.
Primary testicular carcinoid tumour with mature teratoma in undescended testis metastatic to lymph nodes
Authors: Kim Jae Heon , Noh Tae Il , Shim Ji Sung , Ham Byeong Kuk , Bae Jae Hyun , Park Jae Young
Published: April 2014

We report a case of primary testicular carcinoid tumour with mature teratoma metastatic to the para-aortic lymph node and the lymph node around the left gonadal vein, which was treated with radical orchiectomy, bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy, and modified retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Three days after modified retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, bleomycin-induced pneumonitis occurred, which was resolved with steroid administration. The patient is alive without recurrence 31 months after radical orchiectomy.
Influence of Wall Properties on the Peristaltic Flow of a Nanofluid in View of the Exact Solutions: Comparisons with Homotopy Analysis Method
Authors: Ebaid Abdelhalim , Alatawi Salem H.
Published: April 2014

No doubt, the exact solution of any physical system is considered optimal when it is available. Such exact solution is of great importance not only in validating the accuracy of the approximate solution obtained for the same problem but also to derive the correct physical interpretation of the involved physical phenomena. In this paper, the system of linear and nonlinear partial differential equations describing the peristaltic flow of a nanofluid in a channel with compliant walls has been solved exactly. These exact solutions have been implemented to explore the exact effects of Prandtl number Pr, thermophoresis parameter NT, Brownian motion parameter NB, and Eckert number Ec on the temperature, the nanoparticle concentration profiles, and the heat transfer coefficient Z(x). In addition, the exact results have been compared with a very recent work via the homotopy analysis method for the same problem. Although these comparisons showed that the published approximate results coincide with the current exact analysis, a few remarkable differences have been detected for the behaviour of the heat transfer coefficient.
Non-Alkaloidal Compounds from the Bulbs of the Egyptian Plant Pancratium maritimum
Authors: Ibrahim Sabrin R. M. , Mohamed Gamal A. , Shaala Lamiaa A. , Youssef Diaa T. A.
Published: April 2014

Phytochemical investigation of the cytotoxic fractions of fresh bulbs of Pancratium maritimum L. led to the isolation and structure identification of two new compounds, pancricin (1) and pancrichromone (4), together with four known compounds, including 2,4-dihydroxy-6- methoxy-3-methyl acetophenone (2), 5-formylfurfuryl acetate (3), 7-β-D-glucosyloxy-5-hydroxy-2- methylchromone (5), and ethyl-b-D-glucopyranoside (6). Their structures were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC), as well as HR mass spectral analyses. The compounds were evaluated for their antimigratory and antiproliferative activities against the highly metastatic human prostate cancer cell line (PC-3M). Compound 5 was the most active compound displaying good activity in the proliferation assay comparable to that of the positive control 4-hydroxyphenylmethylene hydantoin, while it displayed only weak antimigratory activity compared to the positive control 4-ethylmercaptophenylmethylene hydantoin.
Isolation and Characterization of Wild-Type Lipoxygenase LOXPsa1 from Pleurotus sapidus
Authors: Plagemann Ina , Krings Ulrich , Berger Ralf G.
Published: April 2014

The lipoxygenase LOXPsa1 of Pleurotus sapidus, originally investigated because of its ability to oxidize (+)-valencene to the valuable grapefruit aroma (+)-nootkatone, was isolated from the peptidase-rich lyophilisate using a three-step purification scheme including preparative isoelectric focusing and chromatographic techniques. Nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MS=MS) of the purified enzyme and peptide mass fingerprint analysis gave 38 peptides of the lipoxygenase from P. sapidus. Nearly 50% of the 643 amino acids long sequence encoded by the cDNA was covered. Both terminal peptides of the native LOXPsa1 were identified by de novo sequencing, and the postulated molecular mass of 72:5 kDa was confirmed. With linoleic acid as the substrate, the LOXPsa1 showed a specific activity of 113 U mg-1 and maximal activity at pH 7.0 and 30 °C, respectively.
A Influência da Confiança, Dependência e Comprometimento na Orientação de Longo Prazo de Varejistas para com os Fabricantes Líderes do Mercado de Bebidas
Authors: Garrido Ivan Lapuente , Cunha Fernando Rafael , Bergamin Fernando , De Matos Celso Augusto
Published: April 2014

O objetivo principal deste estudo analisar como a confiana, o comprometimento e a dependncia influenciam a orientao de longo prazo de varejistas para com o relacionamento com as empresas fabricantes de cervejas e refrigerantes lderes no mercado nacional. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, fizeram-se necessrias duas etapas de pesquisa. Na primeira etapa de cunho exploratrio, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com varejistas que possuam relacionamento comercial com as empresas lderes do mercado nacional de cervejas e refrigerantes; esta etapa possibilitou aprofundamento sobre o campo de estudo e adequao de escalas aplicadas a segunda etapa de pesquisa. Na segunda etapa de pesquisa, por meio de questionrio composto por questes fechadas, 299 varejistas avaliaram seu relacionamento com os fabricantes lderes de mercado. Utilizando-se de regresso mltipla, os resultados indicam que: (a) a dependncia dos varejistas influencia positivamente o comprometimento para com os fabricantes, (b) a confiana influencia positivamente a orientao de longo prazo dos varejistas para com os fabricantes e, (c) o comprometimento influencia positivamente a orientao de longo prazo dos varejistas para com os fabricantes. As hipteses que consideravam a relao entre confiana e comprometimento e entre dependncia e orientao de longo prazo no obtiveram significncia estatstica.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v12i3.2328
Relacionamentos de Marketing em Empresas Varejistas: Aspectos Positivos e Negativos
Authors: Lourenço Cléria Donizete da Silva , Sette Ricardo De Souza
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho compreender as relaes de trocas comerciais sob a tica dos clientes, funcionrios e proprietrios de empresas varejistas. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, foi feita utilizando-se como mtodo a etnografia. Os dados foram coletados em cinco empresas varejistas de um municpio de pequeno porte no Sul de Minas Gerais um supermercado, uma farmcia, uma panificadora, um posto de combustveis e uma loja de hortifrutigranjeiros durante o perodo de um ano (dez/2008 a dez/2009). A observao participante e a entrevista em profundidade foram utilizadas como tcnicas de coleta de dados. Para tratamento dos mesmos, utilizou-se a anlise de contedo. Por meio da anlise empreendida, identificou-se que os relacionamentos de marketing so compostos tanto por aspectos positivos quanto negativos. Contudo, os aspectos positivos so predominantes, especialmente pelo fato de que o cultivo de relacionamentos nas empresas varejistas analisadas uma ocorrncia natural, podendo, portanto, ser caracterizado como genuno. Em termos tericos, uma das principais descobertas feitas nesta pesquisa que o relacionamento de marketing pode trazer tambm implicaes negativas para as empresas confirmando as descobertas de Grayson and Ambler (1999) quando eles afirmam que o marketing de relacionamento pode trazer benefcios, mas tambm desvantagens inerentes. Em termos gerenciais, h que se ressaltar o papel fundamental que os funcionrios exercem na construo de relacionamentos duradouros. Sendo assim, maior ateno deveria ser dispensada ao desenvolvimento de habilidades de relacionamentos daqueles que esto face a face com o cliente.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v12i3.2513
Consumo verde: um estudo transcultural sobre crenças, preocupações e atitudes ambientais
Authors: Côrtes Pedro Luiz , Do Amaral Moretti Sérgio Luiz
Published: April 2014

Embora os jovens universitários, em diferentes países, tenham um acesso crescente às informações sobre práticas ambientais, isso não significa que haja o desenvolvimento de uma consciência que leve a boas práticas de consumo verde. Com a utilização de uma nova escala, aplicada em 2372 estudantes universitários do Brasil, Argentina, Chile, México, Portugal e Espanha, foi averiguado se a percepção ambiental desses jovens se manifesta por meio de um constructo razoavelmente estruturado em torno das crenças, preocupações e atitudes ambientais, analisando os impactos dessas dimensões nas práticas de consumo. Foi possível concluir que, embora haja similaridades entre os jovens da América Latina e do grupo denominado Ibéria (formado pela Espanha e Portugal), há diferenças importantes sobre como essa percepção está estruturada. Os ibéricos têm uma motivação de ordem antropocêntrica, ligada à preservação de recursos para o futuro, enquanto os latino-americanos têm uma visão mais holística, em que as crenças ambientais atuam como antecedentes importantes. Entre os dois grupos, há também diferenças sobre a possibilidade de conciliar o desenvolvimento econômico e a preservação ambiental. Verificou-se que o chamado consumo verde é uma resposta às preocupações ambientais para dois grupos, com influência reduzida de outras dimensões, o que repercute nas estratégias de marketing que podem ser adotadas.
O desafio de ensinar modelos atômicos a alunos cegos e o processo de formação de professores
Authors: Razuck Renata Cardoso de Sá Ribeiro , Guimarães Loraine Borges
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X4384 A partir das orientações contidas na Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva (2007), os alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais passaram a ser matriculados nas escolas regulares. Especificamente com relação à inclusão de alunos cegos, devido às suas características peculiares, são necessários recursos e materiais adequados que possam suprir a falta da visualização dos objetos. Nesse contexto, a Química, disciplina que utiliza grande apelo visual, oferece um enorme desafio para a aquisição dos seus conceitos pelos deficientes visuais. Com o intuito de tentar suprir algumas lacunas em conteúdos de Química com grande apelo visual, este trabalho propõe a discussão sobre a importância de se aplicar recursos pedagógicos alternativos que possibilitem aos deficientes visuais a compreensão e a construção do imaginário desta ciência, trabalhando-se para isso com protótipos sobre os Modelos Atômicos. Com este trabalho pretende-se não apenas colaborar para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem como também para a formação de licenciandos mais aptos a trabalhar na perspectiva da inclusão.
Síndrome de Goldenhar e a educação inclusiva
Authors: Stobäus Claus Dieter , Fernandes Carla Rejane Crixel
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X4444 Discutimos elementos da Monografia de Conclusão de Curso de Fernandes com opiniões de seu orientador (Stobäus), centrando em interfaces com a Educação Especial/Inclusiva, apontando elementos anatômico-funcionais da Síndrome, revisando dificuldades encontradas na inclusão desta criança na Rede Regular de Ensino, através de entrevista com sua mãe e sua professora.Unitermos- Síndrome de Goldenhar, Educação Especial, Educação Inclusiva ABSTRACTWe discuss the information included in Fernandes’ Monograph and opinions of his guide (Stobäus), centered in interfaces with Special Education/Full Inclusion, pointing anatomic-functional elements of this Syndrome, reviewing difficulties encountered in full inclusion, by interview with his mother and teacher.Keywords: Goldenhar Syndrome, Special Education, Full Inclusion
O processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Ciências em turmas com alunos deficientes visuais: percepções de professores.
Authors: Beckers Iohanna Elizabeth , Pereira Josefa Lídia Costa , Trogello Anderson Giovani
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X6250 O ensino de astronomia voltado para alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais deve acontecer de forma a envolver de modo inclusivo o participante no processo de ensino aprendizagem. Dessa forma, alunos com deficiência visual necessitam de ações que privilegiem os diversos sentidos, exceto a visão. Assim o presente trabalho se dispôs a entrevistar professores de séries iniciais do ensino fundamental, objetivando analisar como acontece o processo de ensino aprendizagem dos conteúdos astronômicos em turmas que possuem alunos deficientes visuais inclusos. Tais análises demonstraram que o ensino de astronomia praticado pelos professores privilegiou uma linguagem áudio visual, o que pode desfavorecer a participação dos deficientes visuais.
Intervenção em habilidades sociais com uma criança com Síndrome de Down
Authors: Rodrigues Olga Maria Piazentin Rolim , Santos Larissa Helena Zani dos , Carlino Fabiana Cristina
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X6431 Estudos apontam que crianças com Síndrome de Down apresentam alguns déficits em habilidades sociais, o que pode interferir não somente nas interações sociais dessas crianças, mas também no seu desempenho acadêmico e problemas de comportamento, esses estudos apontam que mais estudos devem ser realizados nessa área de pesquisa. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a significância clínica e mudança confiável de uma intervenção em habilidades sociais com uma criança com Síndrome de Down. Participou deste estudo uma menina com Síndrome de Down, de sete anos, que freqüentava a primeira série do ensino regular, atendida em um Centro de Psicologia, de uma universidade pública do interior paulista. Também participaram desse estudo seus pais e sua professora. Anteriormente à intervenção com a criança, pais e professora; os pais e a professora responderam ao Sistema de Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais (SSRS). A intervenção com a criança foi realizada durante seis meses, por meio de atividades lúdicas em reuniões semanais. Com os pais e professora, em encontros quinzenais e mensais, foram discutidos diversos temas relacionados às habilidades sociais. Na maioria dos fatores de habilidades sociais avaliados pelos pais e professora, foram obtidas mudança positiva confiável e alteração do status clínico para o não clínico. O estudo mostrou a importância de avaliações pré e pós que possibilitou a avaliação dos efeitos da intervenção realizada sobre os diversos fatores das habilidades sociais analisados. Estudos futuros com populações maiores poderão referendar os dados obtidos.Palavras-chave: Intervenção com pais e professores, Habilidades Sociais, Síndrome de Down.
Contribuições da neurociências para a educação matemática de uma pessoa com necessidades educativas especiais intelectivas
Authors: Seibert Tania Elisa , Groenwald Claudia Lisete Oliveira
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X7627 Apresenta-se, neste artigo, um recorte de uma investigação de cunho qualitativo, do tipo estudo de caso, realizada com um aluno com Espinha Bífida, implementando uma sequência didática eletrônica individualizada, que tem como objetivo central qualificar a sua autonomia em Matemática.  O aluno investigado, em 2012, tinha 14 anos e cursava a 7ª série do Ensino Fundamental. A questão norteadora dessa investigação foi: um sujeito com Necessidades Educativas Especiais Intelectivas, de grau leve, pode superar dificuldades cognitivas em Matemática frente a uma sequência didática eletrônica? Ressalta-se a importância dos avanços da Neurociências no processo educacional de pessoas com Necessidades Educativas Especiais Intelectivas, a multimodalidade de estímulos oferecidos pela Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação e recortes dos resultados da experiência realizada entre 2010 e 2012, com encontros semanais entre pesquisadores e o aluno, que apontam evolução frente aos conceitos matemáticos, como os de cardinalidade, ordinalidade, valor posicional do número, estrutura aditiva, compreensão de unidades de tempo, sistema monetário brasileiro e resolução de problemas que envolvem esses conceitos, em especial os que dizem respeito ao campo aditivo.
Representações de alunos surdos sobre a inclusão nas aulas de educação física
Authors: Alves Tássia Pereira , Sales Zenilda Nogueira , Moreira Ramon Missias , Duarte Leonardo De Carvalho , Souza Riane Missias Moreira Mendes
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X7989 A inclusão é um processo social que no contexto escolar pretende a mudança de atitudes e a construção de uma com condições de abranger a todos indistintamente. Destarte, objetivou-se analisar as percepções de alunos surdos sobre sua inclusão nas aulas de Educação Física. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e analítica, onde participaram 8 alunos surdos, de 2 escolas públicas de um município do interior da Bahia. Para produção de dados, utilizou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada, através do auxílio do intérprete da língua brasileira de sinais (LIBRAS), que ao mesmo tempo, foram traduzidas pelo intérprete e transcritas pelos pesquisadores. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo categorial. A inclusão dos surdos nas aulas de educação física ainda não se efetivou como de fato, mesmo tendo encontrado alguns professores com ações pedagógicas que demonstraram serem inclusivas, contudo, elas ainda deixam várias lacunas no que diz respeito a uma aprendizagem satisfatória dos alunos, pois não basta apenas integrar o aluno surdo em sala de aula, é preciso que a escola e o professor garantam que os conteúdos curriculares sejam acessíveis a eles, de modo que possam contribuir na construção da cidadania, no desenvolvimento motor, cognitivo e social-afetivo dos alunos.
Estado da arte em revistas educacionais sobre estudos feitos com famílias de crianças com necessidades educacionais especiais no período de 2002 a 2011
Authors: Ferroni Giovana Mendes , Cia Fabiana
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X8361 O objetivo deste artigo é mapear os estudos indexados entre os anos 2002 e 2011 na área da educação, e avaliados como A1 e A2 pelo banco de dados Qualis Capes, no triênio 2010-2012, a fim de verificar de que maneiras as pesquisas com famílias de crianças com necessidades educacionais especiais têm sido feitas. Para isso, foram analisados os seguintes elementos: evolução anual dos estudos, sujeitos analisados, temáticas adotadas e instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados, a partir de buscas na base de dados Scielo e Periódicos Capes e utilizadas uma multiplicidade de descritores combinados entre si. O critério estabelecido para considerar família foi o de que as pesquisas deveriam conter as palavras-chaves: família, relações familiares, relações parentais, pais e irmãos intercruzadas com as: educação especial, pessoas com necessidades educacionais especiais, educação inclusiva, inclusão, autismo, autista, superdotação, altas habilidades, paralisia cerebral, baixa visão, cegueira, surdez, transtorno global do desenvolvimento, síndrome de Down, deficiência, deficiência intelectual, deficiência física, deficiência visual, surdez e deficiência múltipla. Portanto, os artigos foram obtidos pelo entrecruzamento desses descritores, mas selecionados aqueles que continham uma dessas palavras. Dessa forma, foi encontrado um total de 36 artigos nacionais indexados em revistas da área da Educação. Os dados mostraram que houve um crescimento de pesquisas empíricas nessa área. Palavras-chave: Educação Especial. Família. Necessidades educacionais especiais.
A instituição especializada em tempos de inclusão
Authors: Santos Roseli Albino dos , Mendonça Suelene Regina Donola , Oliveira Mercia Cunha
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X8755 Este estudo buscou investigar os significados e sentidos sobre inclusão escolar e deficiência produzidos por um grupo de profissionais que atuam um uma instituição especializada localizada em um município do interior do Estado de São Paulo.Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturada aplicada a diretora da instituição, duas coordenadoras pedagógicas e cinco professoras. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise do tipo descritivo-interpretativo. Os resultados indicaram que as profissionais atribuem unicamente aos alunos com deficiência intelectual e suas condições pessoais a responsabilidade pelo seu desenvolvimento e inclusão escolar. A ênfase dos discursos recaem sobre a incapacidade do aluno e na imutabilidade da deficiência. Observa-se que as narrativas, não revelam posicionamento crítico das profissionais aos processos educativos voltados a esta população. As profissionais que atuam na instituição especializada ainda apresentam uma concepção de deficiência baseada na incapacidade do aluno e, apesar defenderem o direito desses alunos a inclusão escolar, ainda manifestam receio do que estes irão encontrar fora dos muros da instituição, revelando atitudes de superproteção e desconhecimento do papel da instituição especializada em tempos de inclusão. Conclui-se que as concepções sobre a deficiência intelectual e a inclusão escolar apresentadas pelos profissionais podem contribuir muito mais para a reiteração da exclusão escolar historicamente voltada a essa população, do que para sua efetiva inclusão no sistema escolar de ensino. Palavras-chave: instituição especializada, deficiência, inclusão, profissionais.