bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the Literacy Program: A case stady at the SD 006 Bangsal Aceh, Dumai City
Authors: Nelsy Asma , Mahdum Mahdum , Saam Zulfan
Published: February 2022

The development of education and culture is directed at improving the quality of life. The State Elementary School 006 (SD 006) Bangsal Aceh takes part in the government program, namely the National Literacy Movement. In response to this, the researchers observed for approximately five years the iteration program at this school was running. This study aims to describe on how to implement of the literacy program, the obstacles and solutions that are carried out in the implementation of the literacy program, the relationship between students' reading interest and the implementation of the literacy program, and the relationship between students' interest in writing for students with the implementation of literacy programs. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. Sources of research data were the principal, 5 teachers, and 4 students. Data collection techniques used the Miles and Huberman models. Test the validity of the data used technical triangulation and source triangulation. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the program has not been realized properly. The obstacles to implementing the program are a less supportive environment, incomplete infrastructure, unliterate parents, and lack of examples of teachers in literacy habituation in schools. Students' reading and writing interest are still low.
Experiences of Physiotherapy Students, Health Care Providers, and Patients with a Role-Emerging Student Clinical Placement in an Emergency Department: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Withers Jennifer , Zavitz Caitlyn , Nguyen Tony , Baglole Jessica , Kashetsky Nadia , Graham Evelyn , Brison Rob , Law Melanie , Booth Randy , Miller Jordan
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To understand the experiences and perspectives of physiotherapy (PT) students, their clinical instructor, nurses, physicians, and patients with a role-emerging student clinical placement in an emergency department (ED) and to identify barriers and facilitators in implementing this placement model. Method: We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with 6 PT students, 1 PT clinical instructor, 15 nurses, 12 physicians, and 17 patients. Five researchers independently coded the transcribed interviews and performed thematic analysis in an interpretive description tradition with frequent peer debriefing and reflexive discussions. Results: Students and their clinical instructor reported that the placement setting provided a unique learning opportunity. Patients and ED staff noted that involving the PT students in patient care delivery improved the musculoskeletal assessments and self-management advice provided to patients. Identified barriers included students’ inability to chart in the electronic medical record, lack of bed space, and lack of clarity about students’ scope and abilities. Reported facilitators included positive perceptions of the students’ supervision and a perceived positive impact on patient care and the health care team. Conclusions: Participants reported positive experiences with the student ED placement and recommended similar placements in the future. Understanding barriers and facilitators in implementing PT student clinical placements in an ED can inform future placements.
“Miradas otras”: promoviendo prácticas de lectura y escritura desde una cárcel mexicana
Authors: Domínguez Sánchez Quetzalli , Sánchez Sosa Érika Rubí , Ojeda Ramírez Mario Miguel
Published: February 2022

Este artículo presenta una intervención para promover la lectura y escritura en personas privadas de la libertad del Centro de Reinserción Social de Pacho Viejo, Veracruz, México. La cartografía lectora consideró el tema del encierro y la paz, cuyos autores publicados estuvieron o siguen en prisión. Durante cuatro meses, las actividades dieron cuenta de las literacidades –desde un enfoque sociocultural– y de las prácticas sociales y culturales situadas. Se obtuvieron 122 bitácoras de los 11 participantes de la intervención. Derivado del análisis, se crearon cinco líneas de interpretación para reflejar las literacidades y los modos de lectura en estas prácticas letradas situadas. Para ilustrar las expresiones, se intercalaron fragmentos de las voces de estas personas sobre sus recepciones de lectura y los distintos significados textuales, emocionales, biográficos, sociales y políticos que generaron. Las múltiples escenas y dimensiones de la lectura contribuyen al conocimiento de las percepciones y reflexiones en espacios penitenciarios. Destaca la importancia de ofrecer una resignificación de la condición de estar privado de la libertad por medio de su escritura y acercar las narrativas creadas en contextos de encierro a la población extramuros a fin de presentar otra perspectiva de la realidad que se vive en prisión.
Treatment Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients who underwent Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Authors: Rordlamool Paytai , Bannangkoon Kittipitch , Chamroonkul Naichaya
Published: February 2022

Objective: To evaluate the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).Material and Methods: A retrospective review was performed of the institutional medical records of patients treated with SBRT. The selection criteria were as follows: unresectable HCC confirmed via pathologically, or through imaging, a Karnofsky Performance Status score >60, any Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, a Child-Pugh score ≤8, and an uninvolved liver volume >700 cm3 . The primary outcomes were local tumor control, overall survival, and progressionfree survival rates. The secondary outcomes were acute adverse events; including general, gastrointestinal, or hepatic disorders; decreased complete blood count; and increased liver function test results.Results: We included 27 HCC patients treated with SBRT; from August 2013 to October 2019. Moreover, 55.6% of patients had received previous treatments for their SBRT-treated lesions. Additionally, the median volume of internal target volume was 40 cm3 , the median uninvolved liver volume was 1,162 cm3 , and the median radiation dose was 40 Gray: given in five fractions. The 1- and 2-year local tumor control rates were both 79.5%. The 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 58.8% and 27.6%, respectively, and the median survival was 13 months. There were no grade 4 or 5 acute adverse events observed at initiation of treatment or during the follow-up period. Thirteen percent of patients experienced grade 3 acute adverse events. Three patients experienced radiation-induced liver disease.Conclusion: SBRT can be an effective local treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma in carefully selected patients.
Renal Function after Nephrectomy: To Examine any Differences Between Kidney Cancer and Kidney Donation
Authors: Choorit Teeranop , Chalieopanyarwong Virote , Bejrananda Tanan , Tunthanuch Monthira , Attawettayanon Worapat
Published: February 2022

Objective: To evaluate renal function after radical nephrectomy (RN) and donor nephrectomy (DN), and the differences in changes and identify factors that lead to chronic renal failure. Material and Methods: A retrospective review of patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma, who received RN and donors of living kidney transplantation. Kidney function in both groups was measured before and after surgery. We assessed the donors’ kidney functions using an estimated Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), through a Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula [GFR = 186 x serum creatine-1.154 age-0.203 x 0.742 (if the patient was female). Kidney function after surgery was evaluated at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Rates of renal function decline were analyzed compared with baseline.Results: A total of 249 patients were included in the study, 50 in the DN group and 199 in the RN group. The mean eGFRs before surgery were 68.6 ml/min/1.73m2 and 88.8 ml/min/1.73m2 in the RN and DN groups, respectively. During the first year postoperatively, renal function in the RN and DN groups decreased by approximately 25.6% and 27.2% from baseline, respectively.Conclusion: Renal function after surgery declined after both RN and DN, but the pattern of changes in renal function was different between the groups, possibly due to the patients in the DN group being younger and healthier. There were no differences in percentage of change in eGFR between the groups at the 1 year follow up.
Efficacy of Intravenous Glucose for Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Abdominal Hysterectomy under General Anesthesia
Authors: Kitsiripant Chanatthee , Tantisarasart Thadakorn , Wasinwong Wirat , Pattaravit Ngamjit , Oofuwong Maliwan , Limsathianchai Aroontip , Kaewsridam Sukanya
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of intravenous glucose administration during the maintenance of anesthesia as an alternative method for diminishing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH).Material and Methods: This was a prospective, double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. One hundred and ten patients who were 18 - 65 years old, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) 1 or 2 and required general anesthesia for TAH, were divided randomly to receive 5% DNSS (Group D) or normal saline (Group N) as a maintenance fluid at a rate of 2 mL/kg/hr. The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV at the arrival time in post-anesthetic care unit (PACU). The secondary outcomes were severity of PONV, time to first dose of an antiemetic drug, amount of antiemetic dose, and length of stay in the hospital.Results: The incidence of PONV in group N was 5.5% and in group D was 10.4% (p-value = 0.360). There were no statistically significant differences regarding the VRS scores, time to the first dose of antiemetic drug, the amount of antiemetic drug, and length of hospital stay between the 2 groups.Conclusions: There was no significant difference in efficacy between intravenous glucose administration and placebo in the prevention of PONV in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesia.
EVALUASI KINERJA SIMPANG DI KAWASAN JALAN BUKIT KAMINTING KOTA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Pane Sendes Rono , Supiyan Supiyan , Desriantomy Desriantomy
Published: February 2022

Persimpangan Jalan Bukit kaminting, Jalan Bukit Indah dan Jalan Garuda merupakan salah satu persimpangan yang ada di kawasan Jalan Bukit Kaminting yang sering mengalami konflik lalu lintas seperti kemacetan pada jam-jam tertentu. Hal ini disebabkan oleh karena semakin besarnya arus lalu lintas yang melalui persimpangan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi Kinerja Persimpangan Jalan Bukit kaminting, Jalan Bukit Indah dan Jalan Garuda setelah dilakukan pelebaran ruas jalan pada Jalan Bukit Kaminting. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan dua data yaitu, data primer dan data sekunder, dan analisis data pada penelitian ini berdasarkan acuan PKJI 2014. Dari hasil analisis data pada simpang diperoleh nilai kapasitas (C) sebesar 2642,51 skr/jam, nilai derajat  kejenuhan (Dj) sebesar 0,82, peluang antrian (PA) sebesar 27%–54%, dan nilai tundaan simpang (T) sebesar 13,891 det/skr. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan tersebut Persimpangan Jalan Bukit Kaminting, Jalan Bukit Indah dan Jalan Garuda masuk dalam kategori tingkat pelayanan D dimana kondisi arus mendekati tidak stabil dengan volume lalu lintas tinggi dan kecepatan masih ditolerir namun sangat terpengaruh oleh perubahan kondisi arus.Kata kunci : Kinerja Simpang, PKJI 2014, Derajat Kejenuhan, Kapasitas, Tundaan Simpang.
KINERJA SISA UMUR RENCANA JALAN BERDASARKAN PERTUMBUHAN LALU LINTAS DI KOTA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Bagaskara Robby , Riani Desi , Murniati Murniati
Published: February 2022

Perubahan volume lalu lintas pada ruas jalan Rajawali di kota Palangka Raya memberikan dampak terhadap kondisi jalan dan umur jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sisa umur jalan dan untuk mengetahui besarnya nilai derajat kerusakan pada jalan. Pengumpulan data LHR diperoleh dari hasil survei di lapangan. Perhitungan sisa umur jalan menggunakan metode Bina Marga 2013 dan AASHTO 1993, yang diperoleh dari nilai jumlah kendaraan dan nilai Equivalent Standard Axle Load (ESAL) kendaraan dalam keadaan normal. Berdasarkan hasil analisis sisa umur rencana jalan, pada ruas jalan Rajawali dari arah Segmen (Simpang 4 Tingang – Rajawali)  mempunyai sisa umur yaitu 66,95 % dan dari jalan Rajawali dari arah Segmen (Simpang 4 Badak – Rajawali) mempunyai sisa umur yaitu 71,86 %. Dari hasil perhitungan nilai derajat kerusakan jalan pada kendaraan, didapatkan bahwa truk 2 sumbu yang memiliki beban >20 ton mengalami overloading karena roda bagian belakang kelebihan 4,8630 sehingga menjadi tidak aman, truk 3 sumbu yang memiliki beban >30 ton juga mengalami overloading karena roda bagian belakang kelebihan 5,3810 sehingga menjadi tidak aman, dimana keduanya sama dengan truk yang memiliki 3 - 4 as tunggal yang lewat.Kata Kunci  : Sisa Umur  Jalan, Kerusakan Dini, LHR
ANALISIS EKONOMI PADA PERKUATAN RUMAH GUNA PENGURANGAN DAMPAK GEMPA BUMI
Authors: Aulady Mohamad F.N. , Nuciferani Felicia T. , Nurhayati Dyan Eka , Pratama Adi A.
Published: February 2022

Indonesia berada pada "Ring of Fire" yang merupakan rangkaian gunung berapi aktif serta terletak pada empat lempeng utama yaitu lempeng Eurasia, lempeng India-Australia, lempeng Laut Filipina dan lempeng Pasifik mengakibatkan timbulnya sesar baru di daerah Surabaya yaitu Sesar Kendeng dan Sesar Waru. Hal ini berpotensi menyebabkan gempa bumi maka masyarakat perlu melakukan tindakan pencegahan untuk mengurangi dampak kerugian yang timbul. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengaplikasikan metode retrofitting pada bangunan rumah tipe 42/70 disertai dengan analisis cost benefit analysis. Hasil penelitian menyajikan bahwa tingkat kerusakan rumah tanpa dilakukan retrofitting yaitu sebesar 64,42 % dengan total kerugian mencapai Rp. 165.471.763,35. Pada saat retrofitting diaplikasikan dengan metode kombinasi penambahan balok dan kolom yang  dibantu aplikasi software maka hasil struktur bangunan rumah lebih tahan terhadap gempa dan tidak terjadi kerusakan pada bangunan disertai biaya retrofitting mencapai Rp. 10.551.814,65. Hasil dari analisis cost benefit analysis yang melakukan perbandingan antara biaya perbaikan atau retrofitting menjadi harga yang lebih efisien bila dibandingkan dengan harga kerusakan yang mencapai Rp 165.471.763,35Kata Kunci : Gempa Bumi, Retrofitting, Cost Benefit Analysis
Ustanawianie standardów technicznych z zastosowaniem umowy o utworzeniu zasobu patentowego
Authors: Salamonowicz Marek
Published: February 2022

Nowe standardy techniczne są często ustanawiane przy zastosowaniu umowy o utworzeniu zasobu patentowego. Niesie to ze sobą szereg pozytywnych, jak też negatywnych skutków społeczno-rynkowych. Celem artykułu jest zakreślenie obszarów badawczych, przedstawienie dotychczasowego stanu badań nad zjawiskiem oraz przedstawienie wyników badań wstępnych. Scharakteryzowano cztery główne obszary badawcze: 1) zawarcie umowy o utworzenie zasobu patentowego, 2) treść tej umowy, 3) praktyczne funkcjonowanie zasobu patentowego ustanawiającego standard techniczny, 4) dochodzenie roszczeń z tytułu naruszenia umowy oraz patentów koniecznych do realizacji standardu technicznego (Standard Essential Patents – SEP). Ukazano pozytywną rolę jaką do odegrania mają w szczególności organizacje standaryzujące w ustalaniu standardów technicznych, w tym w zapewnieniu, aby zasoby patentowe obejmowały technologie komplementarne i nie wywierały negatywnych skutków rynkowych. Ustalono, że kluczowe jest dążenie do określenia zasad uczciwych i niedyskryminacyjnych warunków umów licencyjnych FRAND, umożliwiających zainteresowanym podmiotom korzystanie z technologii objętej zasobem patentowym i standardem. Zasadne jest podejmowanie prób ich sektorowej konkretyzacji.
Financial Development and Economic Growth an Advanced Econometric Modeling Approach
Authors: Khan Imran , Rehman Atiq ur , Khan Saud Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Financial development is essential for economic growth for all economies. In the current study, we examine the importance of financial development on economic growth for different countries using advanced econometric techniques of model selection. We use Auto metrics, Elastic Net,and Extreme Bound Analysis to retain the variables that affect the economic growth by using the data (1980-2019) on 32 countries from different regions. We used an advanced approach (retention frequency) to investigate the relationship between financial development and economic growth. The results show that financial development is a significant retention frequency in the case of Asian, European, and American countries directly and indirectly. For in-sample forecasting, we use root mean square error (RMSE) and mean square prediction error (MSPE). Extreme Bound Analysis presents a superior predictive performance interms of the lowest RMSE and MPSE that are 1.03 and 0.05,respectively.
Corporate Governance's Role in Mitigating Earnings Manipulations: Evidence from Asian Economies
Authors: Abbas Yasar , Abbas Zaheer
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between corporate governance and earnings management in Asian emerging economies Pakistan,India, and Malaysia. The annual financial data of 196 listed non-financial firms for ten years (2010 - 2019) was used as a sample of the study. Panel data fixed-effect method was appropriate for this study. The findings of the current study established a negative association between corporate governance attributes (board of directors and the audit committee) and accrual earnings management. Boards and audit committees with the right characteristics boost stakeholder and shareholder loyalty and retention. Corporate governance is getting much significance in developing economies to establish the trust of regulators,investors, and economic analysts in emerging economies.
Inflation Dynamics in Pakistan: Forward- looking or Backward-looking?
Authors: khan Jawad , Zubair  , Karamat Musarrat
Published: February 2022

For a country with a modest open economy like Pakistan, the significance of outlooks in determining inflation dynamic forces is investigated in this paper. For the years 1972 to 2014, the study examines the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) in both conventional and hybrid variants. The output gap and labor income are two indicators of economic growth. The Dicky Fuller test are used to check for variable stationary, and the model's long-run parameters were determined using the generalized method of moments. The outcomes of the study demonstrate that the NKPC model appropriately describes inflation dynamics in Pakistan and is data-driven. The production gap was found to be an ineffective proxy for evaluating economic activity, although worker income shares appeared to be highly positive.
RESEARCH OF DATA NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS AND TRAFFIC REDUCTION METHODS FOR HOLOGRAPHIC TYPE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Harlamov M. , Makolkina M.
Published: February 2022

Research subject. The article presents an analysis of data network requirements and traffic reduction methods on the part of Holographic Type Communication technology. Method. Holographic traffic was compared with existing photo/video formats. The available literature was analyzed for available methods to reduce holographic traffic. Core results. Conclusions are made about the network requirements presented by Holographic Type Communication technology and about the quality of available methods for reducting holographic traffic. Practical relevance. The article offers a description of further directions for the investigation and standardization of Holographic Type Communication technology.
UNIVERSITY INFORMATION SECURITY AUDIT
Authors: Makarov I. , Kozyreva N.
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the results of a search for information security vulnerabilities as a result of penetration testing carried out in the corporate networks of some higher education institut. Subject of study. The subject of the research is the information resources of various education organizations. Method. Methodology and requirements for conducting audits in accordance with the developed algorithm, as well as ISO27000, ISO017799, ISO15408 standards. Main results. Report on the specific vulnerabilities found typical for universities, as well as recommendations for their elimination. Practical significance. The results of the work can be used for modeling and assessing the security of networks and information systems of universities to solve information security problems.
In vitro Alpha-amylase inhibition, antioxidant, nutritional and sensory properties of functional spice-blend fortified cookies
Authors: Otunola Gloria Aderonke , Afolayan Anthony Jide
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Fortification of foods is often performed to formulate and develop functional foods that improve the nutritional and health status of consumers.     Methods: In this study, a spice-blend (cayenne pepper, garlic and ginger) was incorporated into wheat flour at 5, 10, 15 and 20% for the production of nutritional and healthy cookies. Physicochemical, nutritional, sensory, total phenolics, antioxidant activity and alpha-amylase inhibitory assays of the cookies were performed and compared with control cookies and standards (vitamin C and acarbose ) respectively.   Results: Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in core, weight, diameter, height, and texture of the spice-blend cookies. Fat, ash, fibre, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorous and manganese contents of the cookies were significantly improved, especially as the spice mix increased, while iron, calcium copper and zinc were stable. Sensory evaluation revealed a high acceptability of the spice-cookies at up to 5% fortification. Interestingly, although the total phenol and flavonoid content of the fortified cookies was low, the antioxidant activity was high compared to control cookies and competitively with vitamin C, the standard antioxidant used. Inhibitory activity of the fortified cookies against alpha-amylase was significant and dose responsive. Conclusion: These results indicate that the spice blend at 5% addition has potential as a therapeutic healthy snack for the prevention of malnutrition and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.Keywords: cookies, functional foods, hyperglycemia, sensory, bioactive compounds
Accessing Online Instruction amidst COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Barriers and Coping Strategies
Authors: Khan Rubina , Jahan Akhter , Sultana Shaila , NaushaadKabir Mian Md. , Haider Md. Zulfeqar , Roshid M. Moninoor
Published: February 2022

With the sudden onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and disruption of the education systems worldwide, private universities in Bangladesh transitioned to online classes to ensure continuity of education. Therefore, it was important to investigate the private university teachers’ and students’ perceptions regarding various dimensions of accessing online instruction and coping strategies used by teachers. A mixed-methods approach was used to collect data from 208 teachers and 674 students through questionnaires and focus group discussions. The findings indicate that teachers and students encountered several barriers, including unstable internet connection, costly internet packages, minimal support for teachers, issues with online assessment, and an unsuitable home environment. To combat existing problems related to assessment and to increase interaction in the classroom, teachers used a small range of coping strategies. Measures are suggested to ensure access to stable internet connectivity, financial support to students and teacher training on online pedagogy and assessment.
From Thunberg to the L2 Classroom: Public Speaking Techniques
Authors: Miles Richard
Published: February 2022

To participate in the global conversation on how to combat climate change, Japanese university students need to better utilise their English for Academic Purposes (EAP) skills outside the second language (L2) classroom. Therefore, this study seeks to enhance the public speaking skills of Japanese university students by analysing and drawing from a series of recent speeches by Swedish climate-change activist Greta Thunberg. Being of a similar age and speaking in a second language, Thunberg resonates as a public speaker that Japanese university students can model. The research design for this study consisted of two phases. Initially, a structural analysis of Thunberg’s speech transcripts was conducted, exploring her use of positive and negative message framing approaches. Secondly, an analysis of the persuasive discursive techniques (PDTs) used in her speeches was conducted, focusing on identifying established rhetorical devices such as tripling, contrasting, and personalising, as well as the use of inclusive language and exclusive language. This paper details and analyses the approaches and techniques used by Thunberg (framing and rhetorical) and then discusses how they can be taught to Japanese university students seeking to move beyond generic English language classroom presentations.
ESP Research Directions: Enduring and Emerging Lines of Inquiry
Authors: Basturkmen Helen
Published: February 2022

This paper identifies major strands of research interest in the ESP literature. Specifically, the review aims to highlight mainstay topics that have characterised research in this area as well as topics that are emerging in this field, or that have received rather limited research interest to date. Linguistic inquiry has been a major thrust of research endeavor, and this has largely been driven by the needs of ESP teachers for linguistic descriptions of specialist language use to inform the development of pedagogical descriptions of academic, workplace or professional English for use in instruction. The ESP literature is also rich in case studies of teaching that report practices in one setting. The review identifies a number of topics, such as learning ESP, ESP teaching practices across settings and ESP teacher education needs, which have received scant research interest. It is suggested that these are emerging avenues for research.
The Construing of Self and Others of Adults with Autism
Authors: McQuillan Margaret
Published: February 2022

This study attempts to gain a greater understanding of how adults with autism see themselves and their social world, using two procedures derived from (Kelly’s 1965) Personal Construct Theory (PCT) with six adults with autism. Six subjects with mental handicap were also included in the study in an attempt to differentiate between results attributable to mental handicap and those attributable to autism. The results suggest that adults with autism view themselves in a restricted manner and their view of others is also limited thus mitigating against successful social interaction. This may be interpreted to indicate that therapy, focussing on developing the adult’s ability to construe self and others in order to facilitate the formulation of predictions in social contexts, may increase self esteem and result in more socially appropriate behaviour.
A Technique for Analysing Voice Quality in Pathological and Normal Speech
Authors: Ní Chasaide Ailbhe , Gobl Christer , Monahan Peter
Published: February 2022

A technique for voice source analysis is described which is currently being used to study voice quality variation, in dysphonic and normal speakers. The analysis technique involves a two-step procedure. The first, inverse filtering of the speech pressure waveform, yields the differential glottal flow. The settings for the inverse filter are initially estimated using a pitch-synchronous semi-automatic procedure based on the covariance method of LPC. The filter is then interactively edited on a pulse-by-pulse basis to correct for errors to which current automatic procedures are prone. The second step in the analysis involves matching a voice source model (the Liljencrants-Fant model) to the output of the inverse filter, again on a pulse-by-pulse basis. This allows quantification and comparison of the salient voice source characteristics. An illustration of some voice quality variation in normal and dysphonic speech is presented.
A Comparison of the Dysphonic and Normal Voice Source
Authors: Kane Paula , Ní Chasaide Ailbhe
Published: February 2022

This paper presents a pilot study of the acoustic characteristics of the voice source of two female dysphonic speakers as compared to a normal speaker. One dysphonia was caused by a unilateral vocal fold palsy and the other by a vocal nodule. The principle analysis technique involved first of all inverse filtering the speech wave form, to recover the voice source (the differentiated glottal flow). A model of differentiated glottal flow (the LF-model) was then matched to the output of the inverse filter: source measurements were based on this matched model. Interactive software, developed in the Phonetics Laboratory of the CLCS, Trinity College, Dublin, permitted fine-grained pulse-by-pulse analysis of each voice sample, and is described more fully in an accompanying paper (Ní Chasaide, Gobl and Monahan, 1992). This acoustic technique proved effective in producing profiles which differentiated distinctly not only between the normal and pathological voices, but also between both pathological voices. Some implications of this work are discussed for future research in voice pathology.
The S/Z Ratio as a Clinical Voice Evaluation Tool: Results of Five Experiments
Authors: Mueller Peter
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this paper is to present data on the variability of the s/z ratio and the maximum durations from which it is derived. Productions of sustained /s/ and /z/ phonemes were collected from young children, young adults, and elderly adults, and the s/z ratios were calculated. Results of this study support the contention that subject variability for these measures is large, although not consistently of statistical significance. The results suggest that neither order nor number of trial tasks had any effect on the outcome of the s/z ratio. This suggests that clinicians could take only one measure of the /s/ and /z/ and save repeated-measure time. Furthermore, this paper basically validates the administrative procedures and interpretation guidelines of the s/z ratio as previously presented in other studies (Boone 1977; Tait, Michel, and Carpenter 1980; Eckel and Boone 1981). Nevertheless, in order to decide the usefulness of the s/z ratio’s role in the voice evaluation process, two very crucial points need to be investigated. First, a large amount of normal data from various age groups must be generated and compared to data obtained from vocally abnormal populations. Second, and perhaps most important, the aeromechanical reasons as to why the ideal s/z quotient is usually found to be near 1.0 must be addressed. Presently, this value is based on the assumption that the overall airway configuration and resistance for /s/ and /z/ are equivalent, resulting in basically identical driving pressures and flows during the production of these phonemes. Vocal tract configuration studies and aerodynamic assessments are needed to either support or reject the theoretical basis for this procedure.
A Group Approach to the Management of Dysphonia
Authors: Lyons Rena , Rodden Margaret
Published: February 2022

A group approach to the management of dysphonia has been adopted in the Speech and Language Department of a Community Care Clinic. This paper outlines the rationale, format and results to-date. A group approach, where a supportive atmosphere exists has been found to facilitate change and is an effective means of working on such areas as relaxation, breathing and reduction of vocal abuse.
The Importance of Language and Cognition in the Management of Feeding/Swallowing Disorders
Authors: Logemann J.
Published: February 2022

Children and adults with feeding and swallowing problems and language disorders present a particular challenge to the speech-language pathologist. Many cognitive and language skills are required to be able to self-feed safely and to benefit from optimal procedures for evaluation and treatment of a swallowing disorder. This manuscript examines the role of language and cognition in normal eating behaviour and the ways in which impairment in these areas affects selection of diagnostic and treatment procedures. Suggestions for management are also provided.
The Timing of Surgery for Cleft Palate. Does It Really Make a Difference for Speech Development?
Authors: Söderpalm Ewa , Lohmander-Agerskov Anette
Published: February 2022

The title of this paper highlights one of the major issues over many years in the treatment of the child born with a cleft lip and/or palate – the issue of when and how the cleft palate should be operated on, in order for the child to have the best possible opportunities for normal speech development. In spite of considerable research efforts in many centres over the world since the 1930s, we are still far from having the answers to these questions. Current research seems to indicate that a rephrasing will be necessary before we can answer the questions and further develop the habilitation of the cleft child (Harding & Grunwell, 1998).
Co-Construing the World: Topic Management in the Conversations of Children with Emotional and Language Difficulties
Authors: Brennan Stephanie
Published: February 2022

While little research has been carried out on the relationship between conversational difficulties and emotional/affective problems (McTear, 1991), there is much anecdotal evidence to suggest that children with emotional disturbance have more difficulties conversing than one would expect given their performance on standardised language assessments. Using a conversational analysis methodology, this study examined the interactions of four boys attending a school for children with emotional disturbance. Results indicated that the boys had successful interactions (i.e. successful initiation of topic, orientation to communication partner and to sequential ordering of the conversation) as well as unsuccessful interactions. The results also afforded the researcher an insight into the social context in which the boys were operating. This insight could not have been gained by studying the children individually but the environment of the interaction allowed for examination of the actions and the language the boys used to understand their world and each other. The possibility of using recorded data as a clinical tool with the children was noted.
Elaborating Metaphor: An Exploration of the Use of Metaphor with a Student on Clinical Placement
Authors: Stewart Trudy
Published: February 2022

This paper will elaborate the nature of metaphor and explore areas of significance. It will then describe the use of metaphor in an educative setting and consider ways in which it may be used to inform clinical supervisors and students.
Irish Medium Schools – Partnership in Practice
Authors: Harron Anita , McMahon Anne , Ní Mhianáin Éadaoin
Published: February 2022

Since 1999 local Education and Library Boards in Northern Ireland have received funding to employ speech and language therapists to work with mainstream year-one classes. These projects provide training for teachers and classroom assistants which combines in-service training and in-class support, using shadowing and co-teaching methods. Significant gains for teachers and children have been evidenced. In 2003, the projects were extended into the Irish-medium education sector. Advisory speech and language therapists have worked in close collaboration with school staff and the advisory teacher for literacy in Irish-medium schools. Resources to promote phonological awareness skills in Irish were designed, piloted and published. The current study evaluates the effectiveness of this model of collaboration and the success of its extension into the Irish-medium sector. The children’s outcomes on vocabulary, narrative and phonological awareness assessments are compared to those of their peers in English medium schools. The value of such partnerships is discussed and recommendations for advances in the Irish-medium sector are made.
Exploring Sentence Level Difficulties in Children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI)
Authors: Murphy Carol-Anne
Published: February 2022

Psycholinguistic profiling of children with SLI using speech and single word processing models has yielded promising results in the assessment and remediation of phonological, semantic and literacy difficulties. Children with SLI can have problems with sentence comprehension and production. This theoretical paper outlines a rationale for applying Garrett’s (1980, 1982, 1988) model of sentence processing to understand their difficulties, with particular reference to the message (conceptual/inferential level), functional (content items-verb and its arguments) and positional levels (word forms and sentence frame) and predicts examples of the types of errors made by children with SLI at the different levels of the model with reference to relevant research literature.
The Efficacy of Teaching Context Clues from Text, for Word Learning, to Older School-Age Children with Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Cahill Marie , Murphy Carol-Anne
Published: February 2022

Research has shown that children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) have difficulties with word learning (Leonard, 1998). There are limited studies suggesting optimal ways of improving word learning in older children with SLI. The aim of this research was to investigate the efficacy of teaching context clues for word learning to school-age children with SLI. One child with SLI took part in an exploratory single-case study. This experimental treatment targeted the ability to use context clues from school and other texts to learn new words while reading. Definitional tasks, designed to reflect changes resulting from the context clue teaching strategy, were carried out pre- and post-therapy. The paper reports both quantitative and qualitative improvements in the subject’s ability to use context clues in text to define unknown words and in his metalinguistic strategies. Issues arising during the implementation of the therapy approach, suggestions for modification of the intervention and questions for further research are discussed.
What’s in an Accent? Perceptions of Young Adult Listeners in Cork and Kilkenny
Authors: Bessell Nicola , Mulhall Eimear
Published: February 2022

Objective: To investigate the perceptions of Irish listeners concerning geographical origin, occupation and socio-economic class, based on speech samples from County Cork; to relate this information to phonetic features of each speaker’s accent and recent changes in Irish English. Methods: Recordings of speakers from three locations in County Cork were analyzed for features of supra-regional and advanced Irish English (Hickey, 1998, 2003, 2010). These recordings were played to young adult listeners from counties Cork and Kilkenny. Listeners completed a questionnaire assessing the location, occupation and socio-economic class of each speaker. The results of the questionnaire were compared with the phonetic features of the speakers. Main results: Diphthongization of FACE and GOAT vowels, [𝜃, ð] for TH, GOOSE-fronting and emerging velarised /l/ in syllable final position tilt listener judgements towards non-regional, professional and upper middle class. Cork City listeners are most accurate in terms of locating Cork city speakers. Kilkenny listeners are least accurate in identifying speaker location. Conclusions: Irish English speech varies depending on location and gender. Perceptions of class and occupation are closely tied to gender of speaker and type of phonetic features present. Supra-regional features are increasingly used by young adults in County Cork, and recognized by young adult listeners.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ФОРМУВАННЯ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ
Authors: Варнавська Інна
Published: February 2022

У статті теоретично обґрунтовано необхідність формування комунікативної компетентності як важливої складової професійної компетентності майбутніх фахівців економічного напряму. Проаналізовано такі базові складові компетентностей здобувачів вищої освіти: лінгвістична (мовна), соціолінгвістична, соціокультурна, дискурсивна, стратегічна і соціальна. Зазначено, що вивчення дисципліни «Українська мова (за професійним спрямуванням)» покликане забезпечити формування загальнокультурної компетентності. Наведено приклади завдань, які сприяють формуванню умінь працювати з текстами документів, правильно використовувати систему мовних норм і вибирати комунікативну поведінку відповідно до цілей і ситуацією спілкування у межах професійної сфери діяльності.
ІНТЕГРОВАНІ УРОКИ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ ТА ЛІТЕРАТУРИ НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ТВОРУ МАРІЇ МАТІОС «СОЛОДКА ДАРУСЯ»
Authors: Сізова Ксенія , Сошенко Світлана
Published: February 2022

У статті розглядається дидактичний потенціал роману Марії Матіос «Солодка Даруся» для проведення серії інтегрованих уроків з української мови і літератури у старшій школі (ліцеї) філологічного профілю. Вибір для інтегрованих уроків цього художнього твору зумовлений лексико-­стилістичними особливостями роману: активним використанням авторкою різноманітних лексичних одиниць (зокрема, діалектизмів), фразеологізмів та паремій для побудови художніх образів, мовної характеристики персонажів, підвищення експресивності тексту. Особлива увага приділяється формуванню в учнів ліцею предметних компетенностей, зокрема, аналізу стилістики художнього твору, ідентифікації різних лексико-­фразеологічних одиниць, визначенню їх функціональних особливостей, здатності інтерпретувати літературний твір на підставі лінгвістичного аналізу.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ОСВІТНЬО-ВИХОВНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ В ГРУПАХ РАННЬОГО ВІКУ ЗАКЛАДІВ ДОШКІЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ РІЗНИХ ТИПІВ
Authors: Гавриш Наталія
Published: February 2022

Висвітлено попередні результати дослідження особливостей організації освітньо-­виховного процесу в групах раннього віку в закладах дошкільної освіти різних типів (дитячий садок, центр розвитку дитини, дитячий будинок), здійсненого в межах науково-­дослідної діяльності. На основі теоретичного аналізу досліджуваної проблеми, практики роботи груп раннього віку закладах дошкільної освіти обґрунтовано необхідність дотримання спільних вимог щодо організації життєдіяльності, розвивального середовища та освітньо-­виховного процесу в групах раннього віку з урахування специфіки їх функціонування. Зроблено зіставний аналіз особливостей освітньо-­виховного процесу в дитячому будинку та закладі дошкільної освіти з урахуванням пливу умов життєдіяльності дітей на становлення і розвиток психічних процесів і базових особистісних якостей малюків, привчання їх до правил, забезпечення міжособистісної взаємодії дітей між собою і з дорослим у різних видах активності. Представлено окремі якісні результати проведеного дослідження.
METHODS OF FORMATION OF ENGLISH TEACHERS’ SELF-EDUCATIONAL COMPETENCE IN GREAT BRITAIN
Authors: Perevozniuk Viktoriia
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the experience of English teachers’ self-educational competence formation in the UK. The essence of the teacher’s self-educational competence has been defined as his ability to learn throughout life. Forms and methods of self-educational competence formation in higher education institutions in the UK have been characterized, namely: the creation of individual educational route, compiling a portfolio, independent work of students, implementation of research projects, active teaching methods, etc. The difficulties arising in the process of English teachers’ self-educational competence formation in the UK have been revealed, namely: excessive independence of students in choosing subjects; dependence of success of educational and research work from tutor’s ability to interest the student; lack of criteria and a single system for evaluating the effectiveness of independent work, etc.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ЦИФРОВОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ У ШКОЛІ: КАДРОВІ ВИКЛИКИ І ВІДПОВІДІ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Кремень Василь , Гриневич Лілія , Луговий Володимир , Таланова Жаннета
Published: February 2022

Проаналізовано український досвід кадрового забезпечення розвитку цифрової компетентності як ключової в учнів закладів загальної середньої освіти. Показано ускладнення упродовж 2006–2018 рр. змісту цифрової компетентності в європейській інтерпретації, відтак посилення вимог до кваліфікації вчителів. З’ясовано, що у 2000-х рр. кількість учителів інформатики швидко зростала і з-поміж педагогічних працівників природничо-математичних предметів за питомою вагою нині посідає третє місце, однак за кваліфікацією – останнє. Частка вчителів інформатики з освітою рівня магістра (спеціаліста) гостро реагує на дефіцит заробітної плати в освіті порівняно з видом економічної діяльності «Інформація та телекомунікації». Обґрунтовано необхідність упровадження для вчителів інформатики або 20-відсоткової надбавки до посадового окладу, або підвищеного тарифного розряду, а для інших вчителів-предметників за результатами їх сертифікації – «цифрової» надбавки за використання цифрових методів. Окрім того, слід забезпечити 100-відсоткову доступність шкіл, включно із сільськими, до інтернету.
The NATO Policy on Cyber Defence: The Road so Far
Authors: Szentgáli Gergely
Published: February 2022

In recent years news about cyber attacks targeting states, corporations and individuals have been steadily increasing. There is no doubt that more and more emphasis is being placed on the threats emerging from cyberspace. Security experts agree that the  question of cyber security has become one of the most important challenges of the new millenni- um. The aim of this paper is to  examine the issue from NATO’s perspective by analyzing the accomplishments to date - the road so far.
High Level Design of the Flight Control Software for Small VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Árvai László
Published: February 2022

The implementation of an on-board flight control system must be preceded by extensive design activity. The software implementation, test and maintenance effort might be sig- nificantly reduced by using carefully designed software. The design procedure itself is also a  complex activity, several requirements, constraints must be considered in order to generate an appropriate, well detailed and easily  implementable design. The design task is even more complicated when the aircraft has some special features like the capability of  vertical take-off and landing. In this case the software must be able to handle the di- versity of flight modes where the aircraft  behaviour in each mode is unique. This article presents the main aspects of the design procedure.
Horn of Africa : The Major Factors in Regional (In)security
Authors: Bálint Tamás , Zsifkó Mariann
Published: February 2022

Despite its strategic location, the area known as the Horn of Africa has become one of the most badly impacted areas of the African continent through its political and economic crises and humanitarian disasters. Since Siad Barre’s fall, Somalia is an area of continuous civil war. The neighbouring countries – led by their own interests – directly and indirectly interfere in the internal affairs of Somalia. As  part of this intervention, they have repeatedly attacked the terrorist organization called Al-Shabab. Because of pressure and support from the international community, the transitional government initiated numerous reforms, and by 2012 at the end of the transitional period a new Federal Constitution was adopted, the new Parliament was established with the election of the country’s new President.  However the new government still has to face tribal rivalry, extreme Islamist movements to stabilize its power.