bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospecção Tecnológica de Aplicativo de Conciliação e Resolução de Litígios
Authors: Pantoja Emillyn Bárbara Assunção , Mascarenhas Adison
Published: July 2022

A conciliação é um meio alternativo de resolução de conflitos no qual as partes solucionam o litígio por meio de um acordo que atenda às suas vontades. Assim, na conciliação não há ganhadores e nem perdedores. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar a prospecção tecnológica, análise do escopo e as características das patentes relacionadas a aplicativo de conciliação. Para isso foram utilizados os bancos de dados do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Intelectual (INPI) e o Escritório Europeu de Patentes (ESPACENET). Os resultados obtidos indicam que a maioria dos depósitos de patentes relacionados a aplicativo de conciliação que facilita o acordo entre as partes foi feita em 2002 com cinco depósitos, e o país com maior número de depósitos foi o Estados Unidos. No Brasil verifica-se que a temática é pouco explorada.
Biossurfactantes: potenciais agentes biorremediadores
Authors: Santos Sidnei Cerqueira dos
Published: July 2022

Os biossurfactantes são moléculas tensoativas que apresentam potencial como agente remediador de ambientes contaminados. A prospecção é uma ferramenta estratégica para identificar inovações tecnológicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as patentes que utilizam biossurfactante no processo de remediação microbiana de ambientes contaminados, para identificar os principais tipos de biossurfactante, os microrganismos produtores e as formas de tratamento. A busca de dados tecnológicos foi realizada nas bases de dados do Questel Orbit, usando-se uma combinação de palavras-chave e códigos da Classificação Internacional de Patentes. Foram selecionadas 76 patentes para análise. A China destaca-se como a maior detentora de patentes. As inovações tecnológicas mais depositadas foram relacionadas com o biossurfactante ramnolipídeo, produzido por Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Esta pesquisa indica que o melhor cenário para desenvolvimento tecnológico é para remediação de metais pesados.
Análise geoambiental do Baixo Mamanguape - Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Silva Manoel Mariano Neto da , Silva Janaína Barbosa da
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho objetivou analisar as características morfométricas, geomorfológicas e a variação das classes de cobertura do solo, no baixo curso do rio Mamanguape na Paraíba. A caracterização morfométrica foi realizada a partir dos atributos geométricos, das características de relevo e da rede de drenagem da região hidrográfica. Para o mapeamento geomorfológico, foram elencadas as unidades geológicas, pedológicas e de relevo. Quanto à cobertura do solo, empregou-se o Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (IVDN), através de imagens dos satélites Landsat 5-TM e Landsat 8- OLI, para os anos de 1985 e 2018. Constatou-se que a sub-bacia apresenta forma pouco alongada, baixas altitudes, relevo predominantemente plano e suavemente ondulado, aspectos que contribuem para a ocorrência de planícies de inundação. Trata-se de um sistema majoritariamente sedimentar, com predominância de tabuleiros, planícies e colinas amplas e suaves, constituídos por solos argilosos e areno-argilosos, de baixa fertilidade. A variação de cobertura do solo indica a expansão da carcinicultura e da cana-de-açúcar, fazendo surgir conflitos ambientais. Observou-se também a melhoria da atividade fotossintética na área delimitada como sendo de relevante interesse ecológico, fator de grande relevância devido à presença do manguezal, alvo de constantes pressões antrópicas.
Genetics of Human Character and Temperament
Authors: Cloninger C Robert , Zwir Igor
Published: July 2022

Personality is the way individuals learn to shape and adapt to changing conditions. The character domain of personality is what people make of themselves intentionally, whereas temperament involves automatic emotional reactivity. Prior studies assuming genes act independently failed to identify most personality‐related genes. Therefore, we used machine learning to identify naturally occurring clusters of genes. In independent genome‐wide association studies from different cultures, we found many replicable multigene clusters among 972 genes that accounted for nearly all the heritability expected from twin studies. Temperament depended on multigene clusters in molecular systems for associative conditioning of habits and emotional reactivity. Character depended on clusters in intentional networks: self‐control of goals via Inositol–Calcium signalling, and self‐awareness of values via long‐non‐coding RNAs unique to modern humans. These three systems of learning and memory allow the integration of habits, goals, and values via the regulation of gene expression to maintain healthy functioning despite variable environmental conditions.

Key Concepts

The ‘Hidden Heritability Problem’ with complex phenotypes.

Human personality is moderately heritable (∼50%) according to many twin and adoption studies, but few of the specific genes for personality were recognised by studies that assumed the genes involved were acting independently.

Human character and temperament have a complex architecture: the same gene or cluster of genes can be associated with multiple phenotypes, and different genes or clusters of genes can have the same phenotype.

Empirical methods of pattern recognition based on machine learning allow efficient and replicable deconstruction of the complex architecture of human personality.

Human personality is a complex phenotype with multiple components.

The temperament domain of personality is the disposition of a person to learn how to behave, react emotionally and form attachments automatically by associative conditioning of their habits.

Human character is the self‐regulatory domain of personality – that is, the way a person shapes and adapts their goals and values to ever‐changing external and internal conditions.

Human character and temperament are each comprised of multiple components that depend on how people function in different situations and environments.

Character and Temperament involve adaptive processes of learning, not fixed traits.

Human personality is the integrated expression of three genotypic systems that regulate learning and memory by associative conditioning, intentional self‐control and creative self‐awareness.

Most of the genes for personality are unique to a single learning system, but there is sufficient overlap to permit integrated functioning.

The integration of human character and temperament allows flexible regulation of gene expression to maintain healthy functioning despite variable environments.
Stroke
Authors: Auer Roland N , Meher Vedashree R
Published: July 2022

Blood vessels supplying the brain can either be blocked or broken, giving rise to the two kinds of stroke: infarcts and haemorrhages. The symptoms and their permanence depend on how much brain tissue is destroyed and in what location.

Key Concepts

Stroke is the third leading cause of death.

There are two types of strokes: haemorrhagic or ischemic.

The occlusive substance in ischemia arises from carotid atherosclerosis or underlying heart disease.

‘Time is Brain’: treating a patient in a timely manner is crucial for preventing increased neuronal loss.

tPA is an effective clot‐busting drug, however, it can only be administered within 4.5 h of symptom onset.

Endovascular therapy, a mechanical clot‐retrieving technique, is proven to be far more superior to tPA treatment.

Brain swelling from oedema occurs secondary to stroke.

There are two types of oedema that occurs poststroke, vasogenic or cytotoxic and are known to partly arise from the cerebrospinal fluid in and around the brain.

Strokes can lead to severe long‐term motor, sensory and cognitive impairments.

Stroke rehabilitation remains essential for relearning skills and regaining functional independence poststroke.
Transfer RNA
Authors: Goldman Emanuel
Published: July 2022

Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) is the class of molecules that decode the genetic code and link the coded information to their attached amino acids. The amino acids are attached to the tRNAs by a class of enzymes known as aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases. Specificity of cognate tRNAs with aa‐tRNA‐synthetases and amino acids is responsible for the faithful implementation of coding information in genes. Amino acids are delivered by tRNAs to the ribosome to become constituents of the protein specified by the gene. tRNAs are highly structured and contain a large amount of posttranscriptional modifications of nucleic acid bases, many of which are known to have considerable impact on function. tRNAs also have roles in the regulation of translation and have been co‐opted for roles in pathways unrelated to translation, for example, as primers for RNA virus nucleic acid replication.

Key Concepts

tRNAs are the linchpin between the amino acids that comprise a protein and the genetic instructions for design of the protein.

While all tRNAs conserve a generic structure, specific variations in primary sequence and modified nucleotides distinguish one tRNA from another.

There are a lot of different posttranscriptional modifications in tRNA, which led Crick to comment that it was as if tRNA was a nucleic acid masquerading as a protein.

The generic tRNA structure is in the form of a cloverleaf in two dimensions, and an L‐shaped molecule in three dimensions, with the acceptor end and the anticodon at opposite ends of the structure.

Specific amino acids are attached to cognate tRNAs by cognate aminoacyl (aa)‐tRNA synthetases, mediated by identity elements in individual tRNAs.

Amino acids are always attached to the 3′ terminal adenosine in the universal CCA sequence in the acceptor stem of the molecule.

Quality‐control mechanisms exist to maintain the accurate incorporation of amino acids into the growing protein chain.

tRNAs deliver their attached amino acids to the codon‐programmed A (aminoacyl) site on the ribosome.

Anticodons in individual tRNAs basepair in an antiparallel fashion to codon triplets in the A site of the ribosome.

Flexibility, or ‘wobble’, occurs in base pairing between the 3rd code letter with the 5′ anticodon nucleotide.
Commissioning and validation of RayStation treatment planning system for CyberKnife M6
Authors: Gondré Maude , Conrad Mireille , Vallet Véronique , Bourhis Jean , Bochud François , Moeckli Raphaël
Published: July 2022

Background

RaySearch (AB, Stockholm) has released a module for CyberKnife (CK) planning within its RayStation (RS) treatment planning system (TPS).

Purpose

To create and validate beam models of fixed, Iris, and multileaf collimators (MLC) of the CK M6 for Monte Carlo (MC) and collapsed cone (CC) algorithms in the RS TPS.

Methods

Measurements needed for the creation of the beam models were performed in a water tank with a stereotactic PTW 60018 diode. Both CC and MC models were optimized in RS by minimizing the differences between the measured and computed profiles and percentage depth doses. The models were then validated by comparing dose from the plans created in RS with both single and multiple beams in different phantom conditions with the corresponding measured dose. Irregular field shapes and off‐axis beams were also tested for the MLC. Validation measurements were performed using an A1SL ionization chamber, EBT3 Gafchromic films, and a PTW 1000 SRS detector. Finally, patient‐specific QAs with gamma criteria of 3%/1 mm were performed for each model.

Results

The models were created in a straightforward manner with efficient tools available in RS. The differences between computed and measured doses were within ±1% for most of the configurations tested and reached a maximum of 3.2% for measurements at a depth of 19.5‐cm. With respect to all collimators and algorithms, the maximum averaged dose difference was 0.8% when considering absolute dose measurements on the central axis. The patient‐specific QAs led to a mean result of 98% of points fulfilling gamma criteria.

Conclusions

We created both CC and MC models for fixed, Iris, and MLC collimators in RS. The dose differences for all collimators and algorithms were within ±1%, except for depths larger than 9 cm. This allowed us to validate both models for clinical use.
Controller parameterization and bias current reduction of active magnetic bearings for a flexible and gyroscopic spindle
Authors: Franz Daniel , Jungblut Jens , Rinderknecht Stephan
Published: July 2022

A magnetically levitated spindle was designed for fatigue testing of cylinders made of fiber reinforced plastic. In these fatigue tests, the speed of the cylinders is varied cyclically between 15,000 and 30,000 rpm until their mechanical failure occurs. Several eigenfrequencies have to be passed to reach the operational speed range. During long‐term operation, the rotor of the spindle is prone to overheating due to various losses. One way of reducing the rotor temperature is to decrease the bias current of the radial active magnetic bearings. Since the bias current influences the dynamic behavior of the system, the control of the bearings has to be adapted as well. This article describes a controller design for the system with different bias currents to determine the smallest usable bias current. A detailed model of the plant is developed, which is then used to optimize the parameters of the utilized controller with a predefined structure using the weighted norm as the objective function. Since the rotor is highly gyroscopic, its eigenfrequencies change with the rotational speed. To ensure that the system meets certain robustness criteria at all rotational speeds, the parameters of the controller are simultaneously optimized for the plant model at different speeds. This approach leads to a controller which can be used in the entire speed range without the need for gain scheduling. The functionality of the controller and the influence of the bias current on the rotor temperature are investigated through measurements.
Immunostimulant In Situ Hydrogel Improves Synergetic Radioimmunotherapy of Malignant Glioblastoma Relapse Post‐Resection
Authors: Sun Shuo , Gu Wei , Wu Haisi , Zhao Qianqian , Qian Shiyu , Xiao Hong , Yang Kun , Liu Jian , Jin Yu , Hu Chupeng , Gao Ye , Xu Huae , Liu Hongyi , Ji Jing , Chen Yun
Published: July 2022

Tumor recurrence remains the major cause of management failure after surgical resection of glioblastoma (GBM). Immunotherapy has the potential to effectively eradicate tumors and trigger immune memory to prevent tumor recurrence but not improve the outcomes of GBM patients. Here, an injectable, reactive oxygen species‐degradable therapeutic hydrogel (ADU‐AAV‐PD1@Gel), capable of sustained local release of soluble PD‐1 (sPD‐1) and stimulator of interferon gene (STING) agonist ADU‐S100 (ADU), is developed and applied in a GBM surgical resection model. Adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 is employed to stably express sPD‐1 blocking the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway. Concomitantly, the released ADU activates the STING pathway to improve tumor immunogenicity and response to therapy. This therapeutic hydrogel combined with radiotherapy (RT) effectively promotes sustained T cells infiltration and restores T cells effector function, which exhibits a robust antitumor immune response and significantly suppresses tumor growth. Moreover, ADU‐AAV‐PD1@Gel combined with RT treatment can also induce a long‐term immune memory to prevent GBM recurrence. As a result, ADU‐AAV‐PD1@Gel provides a novel strategy for effective radioimmunotherapy of GBM relapse post‐resection.
Enabling Long‐Term Cycling Stability Within Layered Li‐Rich Cathode Materials by O2/O3‐Type Biphasic Design Strategy
Authors: Cao Xin , Sun Jianming , Chang Zhi , Wang Pengfei , Yue Xiyan , Okagaki Jun , He Ping , Yoo Eunjoo , Zhou Haoshen
Published: July 2022

Typical Li‐rich layered oxides are widely regarded as promising cathode candidates for high‐energy‐density Li‐ion batteries because of additional output capacities boosted by oxygen redox activities. However, its commercialized applications are hindered by serious capacity loss and voltage decay related to structural degradation upon cycling. Herein, a Co/Ni‐free biphasic O2/O3‐type layered cathode material is proposed, Li0.9[Li0.3Mn0.7]O2, which has been successfully prepared by the Li+/Na+ion‐exchange strategy and characterized by the XRD Rietveld refinement and SAED as well as HRTEM analyses. O2/O3‐type layered cathode material with an approximate composition of 81% O2 and 19% O3 phases are confirmed. Furthermore, the biphasic cathode exhibits a high discharge capacity of 232 mAh g−1with capacity retention of 88.1% after 500 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g−1. That is, volume changes of the O3‐type phase are effectively restricted during Li+(de)intercalations, further enhancing the structural stability and suppressing the formation of spinel phase due to the biphasic structural design. Altogether, these findings prove the biphasic structural design is a feasible strategy to achieve Li‐rich cathode materials with high capacity and long‐term cycle stability.
Donor Engineering Tuning the Analog Switching Range and Operational Stability of Organic Synaptic Transistors for Neuromorphic Systems
Authors: Zhao Yanfei , Su Chaohui , Shen Guangyue , Xie Zhichao , Xiao Wei , Fu Yujun , Inal Sahika , Wang Qi , Wang Yazhou , Yue Wan , McCulloch Iain , He Deyan
Published: July 2022

Organic artificial synapses are becoming the most desirable format for neuromorphic computing due to their highly tunable resistive states. However, repressively low analog switching range, inferior memory retention, and operational instability greatly hinder the further development of organic synapses. Herein, two donor‐acceptor copolymers consisting of electron‐deficient isoindigo coupled with variable donating moieties for three‐terminal organic synaptic transistors (TOSTs) are reported. It is found that the synaptic function and device stability of TOSTs are significantly improved by enhancing the electron‐donating strength of donor units. Polymer alkylated isoindigo‐bis‐ethylenedioxythiophene exhibits high analog switching range of 170 ×, two orders of magnitude higher than that of normal organic neuromorphic devices. They also demonstrate excellent memory retention of over 5 × 103 s, low switching energy of 13 fJ, and ultrahigh operational stability with 99% of its original current after 100 000 write‐read events in air. Furthermore, the high viability of strong donor strategy is showcased by demonstrating flexible TOSTs with stable synaptic function after repeated mechanical bending as well as organic synapses capable of simulating image information processing. Overall, this work highlights the advantages of the strong donor functionalization strategy to boost the synaptic performance and device stability of TOSTs.
Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Nigrostriatal Astrocytes Rescue Cell Death and Preserve Mitochondrial Function in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Leggio Loredana , L'Episcopo Francesca , Magrì Andrea , Ulloa‐Navas María José , Paternò Greta , Vivarelli Silvia , Bastos Carlos A. P. , Tirolo Cataldo , Testa Nunzio , Caniglia Salvatore , Risiglione Pierpaolo , Pappalardo Fabrizio , Serra Alessandro , García‐Tárraga Patricia , Faria Nuno , Powell Jonathan J. , Peruzzotti‐Jametti Luca , Pluchino Stefano , García‐Verdugo José Manuel , Messina Angela , Marchetti Bianca , Iraci Nunzio
Published: July 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as powerful players in cell‐to‐cell communication both in healthy and diseased brain. In Parkinson's disease (PD)—characterized by selective dopaminergic neuron death in ventral midbrain (VMB) and degeneration of their terminals in striatum (STR)—astrocytes exert dual harmful/protective functions, with mechanisms not fully elucidated. Here, this study shows that astrocytes from the VMB‐, STR‐, and VMB/STR‐depleted brains release a population of small EVs  in a region‐specific manner. Interestingly, VMB‐astrocytes secreted the highest rate of EVs, which is further exclusively increased in response to CCL3, a chemokine that promotes robust dopaminergic neuroprotection in different PD models. The neuroprotective potential of nigrostriatal astrocyte‐EVs is investigated in differentiated versus undifferentiated SH‐SY5Y cells exposed to oxidative stress and mitochondrial toxicity. EVs from both VMB‐ and STR‐astrocytes counteract H2O2‐induced caspase‐3 activation specifically in differentiated cells, with EVs from CCL3‐treated astrocytes showing a higher protective effect. High resolution respirometry further reveals that nigrostriatal astrocyte‐EVs rescue neuronal mitochondrial complex I function impaired by the neurotoxin MPP+. Notably, only EVs from VMB‐astrocyte fully restore ATP production, again specifically in differentiated SH‐SY5Y. These results highlight a regional diversity in the nigrostriatal system for the secretion and activities of astrocyte‐EVs, with neuroprotective implications for PD.
Recent Development of Ultrafast Optical Characterizations for Quantum Materials
Authors: Dong Tao , Zhang Si‐Jie , Wang Nan‐Lin
Published: July 2022

The advent of intense ultrashort optical pulses spanning a frequency range from terahertz to the visible has opened a new era in the experimental investigation and manipulation of quantum materials. The generation of strong optical field in an ultrashort time scale enables the steering of quantum materials nonadiabatically, inducing novel phenomenon or creating new phases which may not have an equilibrium counterpart. Ultrafast time‐resolved optical techniques have provided rich information and played an important role in characterization of the nonequilibrium and nonlinear properties of solid systems. Here, some of the recent progress of ultrafast optical techniques and their applications to the detection and manipulation of physical properties in selected quantum materials are reviewed. Specifically, the new development in the detection of the Higgs mode and photoinduced nonequilibrium response in the study of superconductors by time‐resolved terahertz spectroscopy are discussed.
Nitrogen efficiency indexes association with nitrogen recovery, utilization, and use efficiency in spring barley at various nitrogen application rates
Authors: Ali Mohamed Abdelaal , Ghazy Abdelhalim I. , Alotaibi Khaled D. , Ibrahim Omar Maghawry , Al‐Doss Abdullah A.
Published: July 2022

The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is the ratio of the N uptake by the plant to the total amount of applied N fertilizer. The optimization of NUE is essential for sustainable agriculture, especially in the breeding programs to improve the yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We investigated the NUE variation in 32 barley genotypes and to examine the response relationship between phenotypic traits and N level to determine the traits essential for the selection of breeding programs to optimize the NUE. The NUE was investigated in 32 barley genotypes for 2 yr under field conditions using three N levels (60, 120, and 180 kg N ha−1). Growth, physiological and agronomic traits, and N efficiency‐related parameters were determined. The parameters investigated were significantly affected by N application and its interactions with traits. Plant height, biological yield, spike length, and grain number (GN) were increased at higher N levels, but the 1,000‐grain weight decreased. The lowest grain yield was 2,000.7 kg ha−1 at 60 kg N ha−1, and the highest was 8,607.9 kg ha−1 at 120 kg N ha−1. An increase in the N rate from 60 to 120 kg N ha−1 was associated with a higher total chlorophyll content (CHLSPAD) (from 19.04 to 23.13), but no significant change in CHL was seen at 180 kg N ha−1. The agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE), fertilizer N recovery efficiency and the nitrogen utilization efficiency were both reduced with an increase of the N application rate. A path analysis revealed that GN was the most essential trait for NUE breeding program selection due to its high direct effect (0.72) on ANUE. A linear discriminant analysis showed that CHL at 60 d after sowing was the best trait for distinguishing low from high N levels.
Direct evidence that late Neanderthal occupation precedes a technological shift in southwestern Italy
Authors: Oxilia Gregorio , Bortolini Eugenio , Marciani Giulia , Menghi Sartorio Jessica Cristina , Vazzana Antonino , Bettuzzi Matteo , Panetta Daniele , Arrighi Simona , Badino Federica , Figus Carla , Lugli Federico , Romandini Matteo , Silvestrini Sara , Sorrentino Rita , Moroni Adriana , Donadio Carlo , Morigi Maria Pia , Slon Viviane , Piperno Marcello , Talamo Sahra , Collina Carmine , Benazzi Stefano
Published: July 2022

Objectives

During the middle‐to‐upper Paleolithic transition (50,000 and 40,000 years ago), interaction between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens varied across Europe. In southern Italy, the association between Homo sapiens fossils and non‐Mousterian material culture, as well as the mode and tempo of Neanderthal demise, are still vividly debated. In this research, we focus on the study of two human teeth by using 3D geometric morphometric approaches for a reliable taxonomical attribution as well as obtaining new radiometric dates on the archeological sequence.

Material and Methods

This work presents two lower deciduous molars uncovered at Roccia San Sebastiano (Mondragone‐Caserta, Italy), stratigraphically associated with Mousterian (RSS1) and Uluzzian (RSS2) artifacts. To obtain a probabilistic attribution of the two RSS teeth to each reference taxa group composed of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, we performed and compared the performance of three supervised learning algorithms (flexible discriminant analysis, multiadaptive regression splines, and random forest) on both crown and cervical outlines obtained by virtual morphometric methods.

Results

We show that RSS1, whose Mousterian context appears more recent than 44,800–44,230 cal BP, can be attributed to a Neanderthal, while RSS2, found in an Uluzzian context that we dated to 42,640–42,380 cal BP, is attributed to Homo sapiens.

Discussion

This site yields the most recent direct evidence for a Neanderthal presence in southern Italy and confirms a later shift to upper Paleolithic technology in southwestern Italy compared to the earliest Uluzzian evidence at Grotta del Cavallo (Puglia, Italy).
Biocatalytic Depletion of Tumorigenic Energy Sources Driven by Cascade Reactions for Efficient Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Xiao Ya‐Ping , Chen Peng‐Hang , Lei Shan , Bai Fang , Fu Lian‐Hua , Lin Jing , Huang Peng
Published: July 2022

Glucose and lactate play important roles for tumor growth. How to simultaneously deprive tumors of glucose and lactate is a big challenge. We have developed a cascade catalytic system (denoted as FPGLC) based on fluorinated polymer (FP) with co‐loading of glucose oxidase (GOx), lactate oxidase (LOx), and catalase (CAT). GOx and LOx deprive glucose and lactate, respectively, resulting in abundant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation. Meanwhile, CAT catalyzes H2O2 into O2, which not only promotes catalytic reactions of GOx and LOx for consuming more glucose and lactate, but also alleviates tumor hypoxia. Benefiting from the excellent cross‐membrane and transmucosal penetration capacities of FP, FPGLC rapidly accumulated in tumors and subsequently mediated enhanced cascade catalytic therapy under the guidance of photoacoustic imaging. These results demonstrate that the dual depletion of glucose and lactate with O2 supply is a promising strategy for efficient antitumor starvation therapy.
Topochemical Cycloaddition Reaction between an Azide and an Internal Alkyne
Authors: Raju Cijil , Kunnikuruvan Sooraj , Sureshan Kana M.
Published: July 2022

Here we report the synthesis of a trisubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazole‐linked polymer using a topochemical azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) reaction. A cyclitol‐derived monomer having an azide and an internal alkyne group was designed. The four hydroxy groups present in this monomer dictate its crystal packing such that the monomer molecules are arranged head‐to‐tail, thereby placing the internal alkyne and the azide units of adjacent molecules proximally. Although the alignment of the reactive groups in the monomer crystal is not favourable for a topochemical reaction, a reactive orientation can be achieved by the rotation of the reactive groups. Upon heating the crystals, the monomer underwent topochemical polymerization to yield the trisubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazole‐linked‐polycyclitol. This study demonstrates a new synthetic strategy for cycloaddition reaction between non‐polarized internal alkynes and azides to yield trisubstituted triazoles.
Characterization, DFT, and antimicrobial evaluation of some new N2O2 tetradentate Schiff base metal complexes
Authors: El‐Attar Mohamed S. , Ahmed Fatma M. , Sadeek Sadeek A. , Mohamed Soha F. , Zordok Wael A. , El‐Shwiniy Walaa H.
Published: July 2022

Fe (III), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Y (III), Zr (IV), La (III), and U (VI) interact with Gat‐o‐phdn Schiff base (4E,4′E)‐4,4′‐(1,2‐phenylenebis (azaneylylidene))bis(1‐cyclopropyl‐6‐fluoro‐8‐methoxy‐7‐(3‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐1,4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid to produce cationic mononuclear complexes. The isolated solid complexes were characterized with physicochemical, spectroscopic techniques (FT‐IR, UV–Vis and 1H NMR), mass spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analyses. The infrared data indicated that Gat‐o‐phdn acting as tetradentate ligand chelated to the metal ions through the carboxylate oxygen and the nitrogen of azomethine group. The metal ions complete the coordination number with water molecules. The mechanism of the thermal decomposition was detected, and the kinetic parameters of the dissociation steps were evaluated using Coats–Redfern (CR) and Horowitz–Metzger (HM) methods. Bond lengths, bond angles, total energy, heat of formation, dipole moment, and the lowest energy model structures have been determined using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The synthesized ligand and its complexes were screened for antimicrobial activities against two Gram‐positive bacteria, two Gram‐negative bacteria, and two fungi. The Cu (II) complex was very highly significant against Staphylococcus aureus compared with free Gat‐o‐phdn and references standard control. Also, it showed the highest antibacterial effects compared with all complexes.
A porous Fe‐based porphyrinic metal–organic framework for highly effective removal of organic azo‐dye
Authors: Daliran Saba , Khajeh Mostafa , Oveisi Ali Reza
Published: July 2022

With the rapid development of the global dye industry, a series of environmental problems affecting the ecosystem and human health has been perceived. In this work, a porous porphyrin catecholate iron‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) (PorphCat‐Fe) has been prepared and evaluated for the first time for adsorptive removal of azo‐dye methyl orange (MO) pollutant from aqueous media. Consequently, various MO adsorption factors using PorphCat‐Fe MOF were studied and optimized. PorphCat‐Fe was able to remove about 98% of the pollutant from the water within 20 min in the batch experiments with maximum adsorption capacity of 232.5 mg g−1. Under optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.8 μg L−1. The MOF could maintain its adsorption efficiency toward MO in the real samples. The combination of electrostatic attractions, hydrophobic and π–π interactions, and iron‐organic coordination bonding make PorphCat‐Fe able to show the superior MO adsorption capacity. Remarkably, the removal efficiency of MO was nearly unchanged after five regeneration sequences on PorphCat‐Fe. This effort offers the ability for application of MOFs beyond metal‐carboxylate linkers in wastewater remediation.
Thermo‐sensitive ionic hydrogels synthesis via post quaternization cross‐linking: A highly efficient reusable catalytic thermo‐responsive nanoreactors
Authors: Maddahzadeh-Darini Nastaran , Ghorbanloo Massomeh , Mori Masami , Yahiro Hidenori
Published: July 2022

Radical polymerization reactions were employed to synthesize thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐1‐vinylimidazole), p (NIPAM‐co‐VIm), hydrogels at room temperature. A postquaternized cross‐linking strategy was reported to fabricate thermo‐sensitive quaternized‐p (NIPAM‐co‐VIm) ionic hydrogels, Q‐p (NIPAm‐co‐VIm). Combination of methods (high‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and atomic absorption spectroscopy) was employed to characterize the composite material. Following the concept of a “green chemistry,” the oxidation of alcohols/olefins was carried out in aqueous solution by using nanocomposites, p (NIPAM‐co‐VIm) and Q‐p (NIPAM‐co‐VIm). It was found that the catalytic activity of the metal nanocomposite can be modulated by the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of particles. The catalyst showed improved catalytic activity above LCST. Quaternized composites showed higher catalytic activity than unquaternized counterparts, due to their high hydrophobicity, effective interactions between substrates and catalyst, and high flexibility. In addition, we demonstrated that the catalytic activity of the nanocomposites can be tuned by the volume phase transition within the hydrogel by using the catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol/nitrobenzene, NP/NB, as the hydrophilic/hydrophobic substrates model. For 4‐NP, with an increase in temperature from 25°C to 35°C (<LCST), the apparent rate constant values had a downward trend. On the contrary, for NB, this value had an upward trend. These results revealed that different changes in rate constant for 4‐NP and NB with temperature should be attributed to significant differences in NP/NB affinity to interact with Ag‐NPs in the hydrogel. Moreover, the catalysts could efficiently be recycled four times without losing their quality. FT‐IR spectra and atomic absorption spectroscopy also proved that the catalysts were recyclable, durable, and leaching‐resistant.
Multi‐objective optimization and dynamic control of heat exchanger network for heat pump distillation of acetic acid/acetic anhydride binary system
Authors: Zhu Ming , Xu Renchun , Fan Xiaoqiang
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the heat pump distillation coupled heat exchange network system (MVRHP‐HEN) for acetic acid/acetic anhydride separation is optimized with the minimum total annual cost (TAC) and CO2emissions as objective functions, meanwhile, the optimized process is simulated dynamically. Firstly, we proposed two optimization schemes: (a) the single objective and multi‐objective optimizations of the MVRHP system over the acetic acid separation column are firstly carried out and then constructed the heat exchange network, namely, MVRHP‐HEN‐1; (b) the heat exchange network is first constructed and then the single objective and multi‐objective optimization of MVRHP‐HEN is carried out, that is, MVRHP‐HEN‐2. The results show that MVRHP‐HEN‐2 obtains lower TAC and CO2emissions compared with MVRHP‐HEN and MVRHP‐HEN‐1 and has better economic and environmental benefits. Then, the two‐point temperature control structure is built for the dynamic simulation of the optimized separation process. The results show that the proposed control structure has a strong anti‐interference ability. The research is expected to provide guidance for the development and design of advanced heat pump distillation technology.
Effect of low dissolved oxygen on the viability of juvenile Margaritifera margaritifera: Hypoxia tolerance ex situ
Authors: Hyvärinen Heini S.H. , Sjönberg Tuomo , Marjomäki Timo J. , Taskinen Jouni
Published: July 2022

The decline of endangered freshwater pearl mussel (FPM, Margaritifera margaritifera) has been attributed to juvenile mortality caused by low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the stream substrate resulting from fine sediments (siltation) that impede water exchange in the interstitial microhabitat of juveniles.

If low oxygen concentration causes recruitment failure of FPMs, knowledge on the oxygen tolerance of juvenile FPMs is essential for the conservation of the species, as it will justify conservation efforts improving water exchange in the bottom gravel. However, the tolerance of low oxygen of FPM juveniles has not been directly studied.

Juvenile FPMs (9–11 months old) were exposed in individual chambers equipped with optical oxygen measurement spots to different levels of dissolved oxygen at 19 °C and their viability was monitored for 10 days to assess the acute oxygen tolerance of juvenile FPMs. Oxygen concentration ranged between 8.8 and 6.2 mg L−1 in the high oxygen treatment (control), 5.0–0.4 mg L−1 in the medium treatment, and 1.3–0.04 mg L−1 in the low oxygen treatment (near‐anoxic conditions).

Viability of juvenile FPMs depended on the concentration of available dissolved oxygen, such that all juveniles exposed to near‐anoxic conditions were classified as non‐viable, whereas all mussels exposed to high and medium concentrations were viable at the end of the 10 day experiment. Juveniles differed in their ability to tolerate near‐anoxic conditions, so that some individuals survived only 1 day and others survived up to 9 days.

This study provides the first direct experimental evidence on the oxygen sensitivity of FPM juveniles and suggests that >10‐day events of very low dissolved oxygen at summer temperatures are fatal to juvenile FPMs, supporting the view that actions preventing low oxygen episodes in the substrate are essential for recruitment, and conservation, of FPMs.
Distributed fault‐tolerant parallel formation control of underactuated marine surface vehicles with limited control input
Authors: Huang Chenfeng , Zhang Xianku , Zhang Guoqing
Published: July 2022

In this paper, an adaptive distributed parallel formation control approach is proposed for a group of underactuated marine surface vehicles with actuator fault and limited control input. Firstly, the algebraic topology is employed to model the intervehicle communication network of the multiple vehicles. Both the model uncertainties and environmental disturbance satisfying norm‐bounded conditions are discussed. Secondly, a concise bounded‐feedback adaptive law is developed to compensate the supremum of the neural network weight matrix, rather than each element of the matrix. That could dramatically reduce the computation burden of the algorithm and facilitate its application in practical engineering. Furthermore, a new adaptive parameter is introduced to analyze the input saturation and compensate the energy fading of actuator fault simultaneously. Finally, it is proved that all the signals of the closed‐loop system are semiglobal uniformly ultimately bounded. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance and superiority of the proposed control strategy in different cases.
Switching event‐triggered control of switched systems with actuator saturation
Authors: Li Zhihui , Wang Yue‐E , Wu Di
Published: July 2022

This paper focuses on switching event‐triggered controller design for switched continuous‐time systems with actuator saturation. First, we revisit the switching event‐triggered sampled‐data mechanism (ETSDM) to adapt it to the state feedback control of switched systems with actuator saturation. Then, by thinking of the ETSDM as a switching between periodic sampling and continuous ETSDM, constructing a switching multiple Lyapunov functions to give the analysis and design, and adopting the sector conditions to deal with the saturation, the sufficient conditions and the initial region ensuring the exponential stability of the switched system are proposed. Furthermore, the corresponding solvable conditions for the switching event‐triggered controller and the triggering parameter matrices are established. Finally, a circuit example is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed results.
Optical spectroscopy of the Be/black hole binary MWC 656 ‐ interaction of a black hole with a circumstellar disc
Authors: Zamanov Radoslav K. , Stoyanov Kiril A. , Marchev Dragomir , Tomov Nikolay A. , Wolter Uwe , Bode Michael F. , Nikolov Yanko M. , Stefanov Stefan Y. , Kurtenkov Alexander , Latev Georgi Y.
Published: July 2022

We present new spectroscopic observations of the Be/black hole binary MWC 656 obtained during the period 2015–2021. We measure the equivalent width of Hα (EWα), Hβ (), and the distance between the peaks of Hα (), Hβ (), and FeII () lines. Combining new and old data, we find that: (1) the density of the circumstellar disc of MWC 656 ( versus diagram) is similar to the Be stars. For the Be stars, we find the relation km s−1, and the position of MWC 656 corresponds to the average behavior of the Be stars. This means that the presence of the black hole does not change the overall structure of the circumstellar disc; (2) the periodogram analysis indicates modulation of with a period days, which is identical to the binary orbital period. The maxima of and are around periastron (phase zero); (3) around orbital phase zero, and decrease by about km s−1. This suggests that we observe an increase of the circumstellar disc size induced by the periastron passage of the black hole and that the entire circumstellar disc pulsates with the orbital period with relative amplitude of 10–20%. The observations also indicate, that the reason for the black hole in MWC 656 to be in deep quiescence is a very low efficiency of accretion ().
2‐Amino thiazole derivatives as inhibitors of some metabolic enzymes: An in vitro and in silico study
Authors: Korkmaz Işıl Nihan
Published: July 2022

The thiazole derivatives are desirable compounds in the evaluation of their biological activities such as antiprotozoal antibacterial, antifungal, antituberculosis. Considering the medical application potential of 2‐amino thiazole compounds, we aimed to determine the effects of 2‐amino thiazole derivatives on the activities of carbonic anhydrase I–II isoenzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Among the chemicals we used in our study, 2‐amino‐4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)thiazole compound exhibited the best inhibition against hCA I with Ki of 0.008 ± 0.001 μM. The 2‐amino‐4‐(4‐bromophenyl)thiazole compound exhibited the best inhibition against hCA II, AChE, and BChE with Ki of 0.124 ± 0.017, 0.129 ± 0.030, and 0.083 ± 0.041 μM, respectively. Molecular docking analysis showed that compound 2‐amino‐4‐(5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐2‐naphthyl)thiazole had the highest inhibitory potency against hCA I, hCA II, AChE, BChE with the estimated binding energy of −6.75, −7.61, −7.86, −7.96 kcal/mol, respectively.
Advances and challenges in developing smart, multifunctional microneedles for biomedical applications
Authors: Tavafoghi Maryam , Nasrollahi Fatemeh , Karamikamkar Solmaz , Mahmoodi Mahboobeh , Nadine Sara , Mano João F. , Darabi Mohammad A. , Jahangiry Jamileh , Ahadian Samad , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: July 2022

Microneedles (MNs) have been developed as minimally invasive tools for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, in recent years, there has been an increasing interest in developing smart multifunctional MN devices to provide automated and closed‐loop systems for body fluid extraction, biosensing, and drug delivery in a stimuli‐responsive manner. Although this technology is still in its infancy and far from being translated into the clinic, preclinical trials have shown some promise for the broad applications of multifunctional MN devices. The main challenge facing the fabrication of smart MN patches is the integration of multiple modules, such as drug carriers, highly sensitive biosensors, and data analyzers in one miniaturized MN device. Researchers have shown the feasibility of creating smart MNs by integrating stimuli‐responsive biomaterials and advanced microscale technologies, such as microsensors and microfluidic systems, to precisely control the transportation of biofluids and drugs throughout the system. These multifunctional MN devices can be envisioned in two distinct strategies. The first type includes individual drug delivery and biosensing MN units with a microfluidic system and a digital analyzer responsible for fluid transportation and communication between these two modules. The second type relies on smart biomaterials that can function as drug deliverers and biosensors by releasing drugs in a stimuli‐responsive manner. These smart biomaterials can undergo structural changes when exposed to external stimuli, such as pH and ionic changes, mimicking the biological systems. Studies have demonstrated a high potential of hydrogel‐based MN devices for a wide variety of biomedical applications, such as drug and cell delivery, as well as interstitial fluid extraction. Biodegradable hydrogels have also been advantageous for fabricating multifunctional MNs due to their high loading capacity and biocompatibility with the drug of choice. Here, we first review a set of MN devices that can be employed either for biosensing or delivery of multiple target molecules and compare them to the conventional and more simple systems, which are mainly designed for single‐molecule sensing or delivery. Subsequently, we expand our insight into advanced MN systems with multiple competencies, such as body fluid extraction, biosensing, and drug delivery at the point of care. The improvement of biomaterials knowledge and biofabrication techniques will allow us to efficiently tune the next generation of smart MNs and provide a realistic platform for more effective personalized therapeutics.
Porous interface for fast charging silicon anode
Authors: Lv Yingying , Han Zhuobin , Jia Rongrong , Shi Liyi , Yuan Shuai
Published: July 2022

For next‐generation powering batteries, silicon with high energy density is considered the most promising anode material. However, the low rate performance and limited cycling life of silicon anode confines its commercial application. Porous interface constructed on the silicon‐based anode could provide relatively short electrolyte pathways, high transport rate of both lithium ions and electrons, and more stabilized surfaces, which are considered as one of the effective ways to maintain both high energy density and fast charging ability. Here, with a focus on porous interface construction and highlighting the advantages of surface coating, we aim to point out how porous interface affect the fast charging ability for silicon anode.
Partial omentectomy maybe practicable for T3 or shallower gastric cancer patients
Authors: Lin Qiaowei , Bai Qianming , Huang Qiuyi , Huang Yakai , Gao Jianpeng , Zhang Yu
Published: July 2022

Background

Total omentectomy is often performed with gastrectomy as radical surgery for gastric cancer (GC) patients. However, it remains controversial whether GC patients can benefit from omentectomy. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and clinical significance of tumor deposits (TDs) in different anatomical subregions of perigastric omentum in GC patients undergoing gastrectomy with total omentectomy.

Methods

From October 2011 to December 2013, 1253 patients who underwent gastrectomy with total omentectomy for GC were retrospective reviewed. The TDs in different anatomical subregions of perigastric omentum were examined.

Results

Of 1253 patients, TDs positivity was 11.2%. Tumor deposits in the omentum of greater curvature and in the omentum of lesser curvature were associated with lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, advanced tumor node metastasis stages, and unfavorable survival. Besides, TDs in the proximal omentum of greater curvature and in the omentum of lesser curvature correlated with older patients and larger tumors. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that patients with TDs had worser overall survival (OS) than those without, regardless of TD positions. Patients with TDs in the omentum of greater curvature had the worst prognosis, followed by patients with TDs in the omentum of lesser curvature and patients with no TDs. Tumor deposits in the proximal omentum of greater curvature was an independent prognostic factor for OS. Moreover, only patients classified as pT4 had TDs in the distal omentum of greater curvature.

Conclusions

Patients with TDs in the omentum of greater curvature had the worst prognosis, followed by patients with TDs in the omentum of lesser curvature and patients with no TDs. In addition, partial omentectomy might be practicable for gastric cancer patients classified as T3 or shallower tumors.