bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing axonal pathology and disease progression in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy using corneal confocal microscopy
Authors: Klimas Rafael , Sturm Dietrich , Altenborg Annika , Stylianou Nayia , Huckemann Sophie , Gasz Zornitsa , Grüter Thomas , Philipps Jörg , Greiner Tineke , Maier Christoph , Eitner Lynn , Enax-Krumova Elena , Vorgerd Matthias , Schwenkreis Peter , Gold Ralf , Fisse Anna Lena , Motte Jeremias , Pitarokoili Kalliopi
Published: December 2024

Objective

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune neuropathy characterized by progressive or relapsing–remitting weakness and sensory deficits. This study aims to evaluate the utility of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) in diagnosing and monitoring CIDP.

Methods

We analysed 100 CIDP patients and 31 healthy controls using CCM to measure corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), length (CNFL), and branch density (CNBD). Standardized clinical and electroneurographic evaluation were conducted, and statistical analyses were performed to compare CCM parameters between groups and across disease stages.

Results

CIDP patients and subgroups exhibited significant reduction in CNFD, CNFL, and CNBD compared to controls. This reduction was observed in late disease stages and severe overall disability sum score (ODSS), and Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment Sensory Sum Score (ISS). CCM parameters correlated with axonal pathology in electroneurography of sensory, but not motor nerves. Despite the significant differences, the diagnostic sensitivity (41%) and specificity (77%) of CCM parameters were limited.

Conclusion

While CCM effectively differentiates CIDP patients from healthy controls and was associated with disease severity, its diagnostic accuracy for routine clinical use is a posteriori. However, CCM shows promise as a non-invasive tool for monitoring sensory axonal pathology in CIDP.
Regional distribution of polymorphisms associated to the disease-causing gene of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Elter Tim Lukas , Sturm Daniel , Santana Magda M. , Schaprian Tamara , Raposo Mafalda , Melo Ana Rosa Vieira , Lima Manuela , Koyak Berkan , Oender Demet , Grobe-Einsler Marcus , Lopes Sara , Silva Patrick , de Almeida Luís Pereira , Giunti Paola , Garcia-Moreno Hector , Nethisinhe Suran , de Vries Jeroen , van de Warrenburg Bart P. , van Gaalen Judith , Synofzik Matthis , Schöls Ludger , Reetz Kathrin , Erdlenbruch Friedrich , Jacobi Heike , Infante Jon , Riess Olaf , Klockgether Thomas ,   ESMI study group, Timmann Dagmar , Thieme Andreas , Faber Jennifer , Hübener-Schmid Jeannette
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Knowledge about the distribution and frequency of the respective haplotypes on the wildtype and mutant allele is highly relevant in the context of future gene therapy clinical studies in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3, the most common autosomal dominantly inherited ataxia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated to the disease-causing gene, ATXN3, have been determined. We wanted to investigate the frequency and regional distribution of two intragenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a large European SCA3 cohort and their relation to the clinical phenotype.

Methods

The genotypes of the two polymorphisms at base pair positions 987 and 1118 of the ATXN3 were determined for their co-localization on the normal and expanded allele, respectively, in 286 SCA3 mutation carriers and 117 healthy controls from 11 European sites.

Results

The distribution of genotypes on the expanded allele differed from those of the wildtype allele of SCA3 mutation carriers and of healthy controls, and was mainly influenced by the regional origin. In our cohort, no particular clinical phenotype was associated with any specific haplotype.

Conclusions

Our results confirm distinct allocations of SNPs associated to the expanded ATXN3, and accordingly the consideration of allele-specific therapies.
Impact of adolescents’ binge drinking on blood chemistry
Authors: Pistritto Enrico , Schera Federica M. F. , Vassilopoulou Emilia , Corsello Antonio , Alberti Ilaria , Lava Sebastiano A. G. , Betti Céline , Bianchetti Mario G. , Agostoni Carlo , Camozzi Pietro , Milani Gregorio P.
Published: December 2024

Adolescent binge drinking is increasingly common. This study investigates the anomalies in glucose, sodium, calcium, potassium, and acid–base homeostasis induced by binge drinking in adolescents. The records of teenagers who sought medical attention for binge drinking (ethanol level ≥ 0.80 g/L) at the Pediatric Emergency Department, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (Italy), spanning the years 2013 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. For this analysis, cases were selected if documented blood chemistry encompassed sodium, potassium, total calcium, glucose, acid–base balance, and lactic acid (only for those with metabolic acidosis). Included were 173 adolescents (female-to-male ratio 0.94), 13.2 to 18.4, median 16.4 years of age. Hypoglycemia (≤ 3.3 mmol/L; N = 1, 0.6%), hyponatremia (≤ 134 mmol/L; N = 7, 4.0%), hypernatremia (≥ 146 mmol/L; N = 3, 1.7%), hypocalcemia (≤ 2.19 mmol/L; N = 0) hypercalcemia (≥ 2.61 mmol/L; N = 0), and hyperkalemia (≥ 5.1 mmol/L; N = 0) were infrequent. Acute respiratory acidosis (pCO2 ≥ 46 mm Hg; pH < 7.40; N = 101, 58%) was the most common acid–base imbalance, followed by respiratory alkalosis (pCO2 ≤ 34 mm Hg; pH > 7.40; N = 10, 5.6%), and metabolic acidosis (HCO3
- ≤ 19 mmol/L, pH < 7.40; N = 9, 5.2%). The lactic acid level was increased (≥ 2.1 mmol/L) in all cases with metabolic acidosis. Metabolic alkalosis (HCO3
- ≥ 28 mmol/L, pH > 7.40) never occurred. Hypokalemia (≤ 3.4 mmol/L; N = 56, 32%) was prevalent, particularly in adolescents with normal acid–base equilibrium or metabolic acidosis, rather than respiratory acidosis or alkalosis.

Conclusion: Adolescents who engage in binge drinking often experience a disrupted acid–base balance and hypokalemia, while glucose, sodium and calcium levels are rarely affected.

What is known?• Binge drinking is becoming increasingly common among adolescents.• Conflicting data regarding the type and prevalence of biochemical disorders induced by binge drinking are available in this age group.

What is new?• Acute respiratory acidosis is prevalent in adolescents with binge drinking, whereas respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and hypoglycemia are uncommon.• Hypokalemia develops frequently.
Evaluating sunshine hour approximation for biometeorological indices
Authors: Fitchett Jennifer M. , Roffe Sarah J. , Prinsloo Ariel S.
Published: December 2024

Sunshine influences a range of biometeorological parameters, from human health to the enjoyment of touristic destinations. Sunshine has therefore become an important meteorological variable in biometeorological indices and the causal analysis of the impact of climate on humans. However, ground-based recording of sunshine hours is sparse, particularly in African countries. Methods to estimate sunshine hours from more ubiquitously measured or modelled meteorological parameters offer the prospect to supplement these datasets, and are thus appealing for biometeorological studies. It is therefore important to critically explore and test the validity of these approaches at country-level resolution. In this study, we explore the accuracy of a method to estimate sunshine hours from solar radiation that is used in the Camping Climate Index for the United States, and test the suitability of the substitution for South Africa. We find that for each station in South Africa, at least 65% of the values estimated by this equation are completely erroneous, either returning negative values for sunshine hours or a total of sunshine hours for a day in excess of the duration between sunrise and sunset. Further comparison of the estimated data against measured data reveals that for at least half of the months of the year for each station, the differences in values are statistically significant. We therefore strongly caution against the use of this particular method for estimating sunshine hours in South Africa, and encourage similar tests before applying it elsewhere. More broadly, we advocate for careful ground-truthing of estimated meteorological variables before inputting them into biometeorological indices or models.
Detecting submarine landslides caused by the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake through repeat bathymetric surveys in Toyama Bay, Japan
Authors: Minami Hiroki , Umino Kanata , Tateishi Ryo , Kawamura Noriko , Seo Noritsune
Published: December 2024

On January 1, 2024, an earthquake of magnitude 7.6 struck the Noto Peninsula in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Tsunamis were recorded along nearby coasts following the earthquake, with the early tsunami arrival time at the Toyama tide station—located far from the earthquake epicenter—indicating potential submarine landslides in Toyama Bay. To identify these potential submarine landslides by detecting changes in seafloor depth, we collected new bathymetric data using a multibeam echo sounder in January and February 2024, and then compared them with data collected in 2010. This bathymetric comparison revealed submarine landslides along a submarine canyon off the Jinzu River, covering an area measuring 3.5 km × 1 km at depths of 40–370 m. Slide relief ranged from several meters up to 40 m, with some slides displaying distinct head scarps. Seafloor observations in areas with minor depth changes confirmed the presence of cliffs, disturbed seabed, and a redox boundary on the disturbed oxide layer, indicating recent landslides. Given the slide distribution within the estimated tsunami source area of the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake, it is likely these slides were triggered by the earthquake.
Fostering Positive Learning Environments: Are General and Special Education Teachers From One School District Using Research-Informed and Evidence-Based Practices?
Authors: Pulos Joshua M. , Riden Benjamin S. , Peltier Corey , Bender-Salazar Nuriyah L. , Mbabazi Clemence M. , Pinello Craig S. , Hough Marcie A.
Published: December 2024

The use of research-informed and evidence-based practices (RI/EBPs) in classroom and behavior management can help teachers mitigate challenging student behavior in their classrooms, while also improving the academic achievement for those students. However, research suggests teachers lack the knowledge and skills to implement these practices. The purpose of this study was to gain insight of one mid-Atlantic school districts (1) access, preparation, and training in the use of RI/EBPs in classroom and behavior management and (2) the experiences of their teachers with RI/EBPs in classroom and behavior management. Data were analyzed based on a cross-sectional survey design. Results indicated participants had limited access, preparation, and training in RI/EBPs in classroom and behavior management; however, some variation did occur. In addition, results were promising relative to our participants’ experiences with RI/EBPs in classroom and behavior management. Limitations, implications for future research, and implications for practice are discussed.
Consortium-driven rapid software validation for Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap)
Authors: Baker Theresa A. , Bosler Teresa , De Fouw Adam L.C. , Jones Michelle , Harris Paul A. , Cheng Alex C.
Published: December 2024

There is a growing trend for studies run by academic and nonprofit organizations to have regulatory submission requirements. As a result, there is greater reliance on REDCap, an electronic data capture (EDC) widely used by researchers in these organizations. This paper discusses the development and implementation of the Rapid Validation Process (RVP) developed by the REDCap Consortium, aimed at enhancing regulatory compliance and operational efficiency in response to the dynamic demands of modern clinical research. The RVP introduces a structured validation approach that categorizes REDCap functionalities, develops targeted validation tests, and applies structured and standardized testing syntax. This approach ensures that REDCap can meet regulatory standards while maintaining flexibility to adapt to new challenges. Results from the application of the RVP on recent successive REDCap software version releases illustrate significant improvements in testing efficiency and process optimization, demonstrating the project’s success in setting new benchmarks for EDC system validation. The project’s community-driven responsibility model fosters collaboration and knowledge sharing and enhances the overall resilience and adaptability of REDCap. As REDCap continues to evolve based on feedback from clinical trialists, the RVP ensures that REDCap remains a reliable and compliant tool, ready to meet regulatory and future operational challenges.
Prolonged nightly fasting in older adults with memory decline: A single-group pilot study exploring changes in cognitive function and cardiometabolic risk factors
Authors: James Dara L. , Larkey Linda K. , Maxfield Molly , Han SeungYong , Ofori Edward , Mohr Alex E. , Hawley Nanako A. , Alperin Kate , Ahlich Erica , Vance David E. , Sears Dorothy D.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Older age significantly increases risk for cognitive decline. A growing number of older adults (≥ 65 years) experience cognitive decline that compromises immediate and/or long-term health. Interventions to mitigate cognitive decline are greatly needed. Intermittent fasting aligned with innate circadian rhythms is associated with health benefits and improved circadian rhythms; here, we explore impacts on cognition and cardiometabolic outcomes.

Methods:

We conducted a single-group, pre-/post-pilot study to explore an 8-week prolonged nightly fasting intervention (14 h fasting/night) among adults 65+ years with self-reported memory decline. We explored changes in cognitive function, insomnia, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Intervention engagement/adherence were assessed. The intervention was delivered fully remotely; participants completed their fasting protocol at home and were not required to come into the lab.

Results:

In total, 20 individuals signed consent and 18 participants completed the study. Participants were mean age 69.7 years, non-Hispanic White (89%), predominantly female (95%), married (50%), and employed (65%). Paired t-tests indicated an increase in cognitive function (Memory and Attention Phone Screener) (p = 0.02) with a medium effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.58) and a decrease in insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index) (p = 0.04) with a medium effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.52). Changes in BMI or diet quality were not observed. Engagement (66%–77%) and adherence (70%–100%) were high.

Conclusion:

These pilot findings suggest that prolonged nightly fasting, targeted to align food intake with circadian rhythms, may improve cognitive function and sleep among older adults. Fully powered, randomized controlled trials to test the efficacy of this non-pharmacological, low cost-to-burden ratio intervention are needed.
Case studies of health economic analyses informing pharmaceutical health technology assessments for essential medicine selection and public-sector guidelines in South Africa
Authors: Leong Trudy D , Miot Jacqui , Parrish Andy , Riddin Jane , Johnson Yasmina , Kredo Tamara
Published: December 2024

Background

Constrained resources under universal health coverage (UHC) necessitate a balance between medication costs and essential health system requirements. Policymakers practice priority-setting, as either implicit or explicit rationing, embedded in evidence-informed decision-making processes to guide funding decisions. Health technology assessment (HTA) is a method that may assist explicit evidence-informed priority setting. South Africa developed an official HTA methods guide in 2022, however before this, commissioning and performing economic evaluations was not standardized.

Methods

We conducted a descriptive collective case study to explore the impact of economic analyses on the selection of, and access to, essential medicines in South Africa. Four cases were purposefully selected, and both official information and secondary data, including media reports, were reviewed. Data elements were extracted and organized in a matrix. Cases were reported narratively with a positivist epistemological approach, presenting the authors’ reflections.

Results

We found economic analyses that reflected methodologies described in the HTA guide: international reference pricing, cost-minimization, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and budget impact analyses. Economic analyses informing the ‘resource-use’ domain in the GRADE evidence-to-decision framework supported decision-making, influenced market-shaping with price reductions of interventions through benchmarking (fosfomycin, flucytosine), improved equitable access nationally (flucytosine), and prioritized a defined patient group in a justifiable and transparent manner (bortezomib).

Conclusion

A standardized HTA evaluation process guided by a nationally accepted framework is necessary for evidence-informed decision-making. Economic analyses (cost-effectiveness, affordability, and resource use) should be consistently included when making decisions on new interventions.
$\gamma $
-ADMISSIBILITY IN FIRST-ORDER RELEVANT LOGICS: PROOF USING NORMAL MODELS IN THE MARES–GOLDBLATT SETTING
Authors: FERENZ NICHOLAS , FERGUSON THOMAS MACAULAY
Published: December 2024

For relevant logics, the admissibility of the rule of proof

$\gamma $

has played a significant historical role in the development of relevant logics. For first-order logics, however, there have been only a handful of

$\gamma $

-admissibility proofs for a select few logics. Here we show that, for each logic L of a wide range of propositional relevant logics for which excluded middle is valid (with fusion and the Ackermann truth constant), the first-order extensions QL and LQ admit

$\gamma $

. Specifically, these are particular “conventionally normal” extensions of the logic

$\mathbf {G}^{g,d}$

, which is the least propositional relevant logic (with the usual relational semantics) that admits

$\gamma $

by the method of normal models. We also note the circumstances in which our results apply to logics without fusion and the Ackermann truth constant.
The Role of Goal Source in Escalation of Commitment
Authors: Lee Jong Seok , Keil Mark , Ellick Wong Kin Fai , Lee Hyung Koo
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Escalation of commitment is an important decision problem that occurs across different decision contexts. Recognizing that escalation involves one’s effort to achieve some form of a goal, researchers have attempted to understand escalation of commitment as a goal-pursuing activity. Prior research works have suggested that escalation situations consist of (1) an initial goal setting phase and (2) an escalation decision-making phase and have investigated how goal difficulty and goal specificity influence escalation decisions. However, they have neglected the potential role of the goal source in escalation situations. In this study, we aim to advance our understanding of escalation of commitment by examining the relationship between goal source and escalation. Specifically, by drawing on distinct characteristics of escalation situations, we conceptualize a new form of goal source, namely inherited goals, and examine its effect on escalation of commitment compared with self-set and assigned goals that are well-known goal sources in goal-setting theory (GST). We conducted two laboratory experiments and found evidence suggesting that individuals who had inherited goals (i.e., those who did not take part in initial goal setting and did not invest effort in pursuing the previous course of action) are less likely to fall into the escalation trap.
Effect of 2009 Major SSW Event on the Mesospheric CO2 ${\text{CO}}_{2}$ Cooling
Authors: Kumar Akash , Sunil Krishna M. V. , Ranjan Alok K.
Published: December 2024

Carbon dioxide (), an important trace species that is gradually increasing in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic activities, causes enhanced warming in the lower atmosphere. The increased concentration of in the upper atmosphere results in enhanced radiative cooling rates leading to the contraction of the upper atmosphere. Due to its long lifetime and large vertical gradient, concentration is also influenced by large dynamic events. We report a startling case of variability in density and its infrared radiative cooling rates in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere during a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. A counter‐intuitive connection between density and resulting radiative cooling has been observed during the 2009 major SSW event. The behavior of cooling rates during such a dramatic events draws attention to our current understanding of infrared cooling variation and its connection to changes in concentration. The significance of temperature and atomic oxygen variability in the observed cooling patterns despite changes in concentration, is also highlighted.
Characteristics of Convectively Induced Turbulence in East Asia Using Geostationary Korea Multi‐Purpose Satellite‐2A (GK‐2A) and In Situ Aircraft Data
Authors: Baek Sung‐Ho , Kim Jung‐Hoon , Kim Soo‐Hyun , Lee Yoonjin , Noh Yoo‐Jeong , Lee Sang‐Moo
Published: December 2024

Deep convection and its vicinity are important areas of turbulence encountered in cruising aircraft, called convectively induced turbulence (CIT). In this study, deep convection area (DCA) in East Asia is identified using the infrared channel of Geostationary Korea Multi‐Purpose Satellite‐2A (GK‐2A) over 49 months (from August 2019 to August 2023), and CIT is determined by using in situ aircraft data adjacent to the DCA. Based on the satellite‐based CIT algorithm, the results indicate that 13.85%, 15.65%, and 18.23% of the total turbulence cases are classified as CIT over the Korean Peninsula, East Asia, and the full‐disk area, respectively, which are consistent with those in the previous studies. In East Asia, the CIT ratio is the highest in summer primarily due to the East Asian summer monsoon, and surprisingly, it is the second highest in winter. In winter, DCA occurs along the storm tracks accompanied by Aleutian Low, which provides favorable conditions for flights to encounter CIT in the North Pacific Ocean. The CIT intensity decreases rapidly as the horizontal distance between the DCA boundary and CIT location increases. However, at a distance exceeding 40 km from the DCA boundary, the intensity of turbulence gradually increases, which is most significant in winter. This trend is more likely related to the broader areas of DCA in the winter season than those in summer mainly due to the stronger upper‐level jet and its interaction with a storm system. Eventually, this algorithm can provide better information of avoidance guidance for CIT over the ocean.
Space Weather Effects on Transportation Systems: A Review of Current Understanding and Future Outlook
Authors: Xue Dabin , Wu Lingxiao , Xu Tianhe , Wu Cheng‐Lung , Wang Zhipeng , He Zhengbing
Published: December 2024

Space weather events, including solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and geomagnetic storms, have significant effects on various transportation systems. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current understanding and future outlook of space weather effects on air, maritime, railway, and ground transportation. It explores the mechanisms through which space weather causes communication blackouts, satellite navigation failure, elevated cosmic radiation, and geomagnetically induced currents, leading to disruptions in transportation operations. Historical events are analyzed to underscore the diversity and severity of these impacts. Additionally, this review discusses the anticipated challenges posed by the upcoming solar maximum of Solar Cycle 25 and highlights the need for improved forecasting, mitigation strategies, and resilient infrastructure to safeguard transportation systems against space weather threats. By integrating findings from recent studies and historical data, this review aims to enhance the preparedness and response strategies of the transportation sector in the face of evolving space weather risks.
Our Well-Being Matters, Too: Cultivating Resilience and Self-Care in Pediatric Psychologists
Authors: Schaefer Megan R. , Bemis Heather , Lembeck Paige T. , Fisher Rachel S. , Tager Julia B. , Langer Shari A. , Hildenbrand Aimee K.
Published: December 2024

Objective: While research on burnout and resilience in medical providers is growing, rigorous attention to mental health providers, and specifically pediatric psychologists, is needed. Given the scarcity of research in this area and the deleterious outcomes associated with provider burnout and fatigue, it is imperative to explore pediatric psychologists’ well-being and identify supports to promote resilience. This topical review seeks to summarize the literature on health care provider burnout and resilience and highlight promising interventions that may guide efforts to better understand and facilitate resilience in pediatric psychologists. Method: A literature review was conducted on health care provider burnout, resilience, and supports/interventions, with a focus on the experiences of pediatric psychologists. Results: Inconsistency in operationalization impacted rates and correlates of mental health provider burnout; only a few studies specifically investigated related concerns in pediatric psychologists. Protective factors such as religiosity and spirituality as well as interventions including meaning-making, narrative medicine, and organizational-level supports appear promising in boosting pediatric psychologists’ resilience. Conclusions: Health care providers are at high risk for burnout, yet the prevalence and correlates of emotional well-being in pediatric psychologists are understudied. Thus, our understanding of risk and protective factors that could inform effective structures and interventions to support self-care and resilience in this profession is limited. We highlight opportunities for advancing research, including the use of theory-driven, mixed-methods approaches, to increase awareness, decrease stigma, and inform intervention development.

Implications for Impact Statement

Burnout is a critical issue among health care providers. Unfortunately, research on burnout and emotional well-being in pediatric psychologists is limited. Thus, targeted research is needed given the distinct challenges pediatric psychologists face in terms of caring for patients, families, and colleagues; supporting trainees; and engaging in research and advocacy, all the while attending to their own self-care. Potential protective factors and interventions focusing on religiosity/spirituality, narrative medicine, meaning-making, and organizational-level supports appear promising in boosting pediatric psychologists’ resilience.
Economic evaluation of a community dental care model for people experiencing homelessness
Authors: Nguyen Tan Minh , Witton Robert , Withers Lyndsey , Paisi Martha
Published: December 2024

Aim The study aims to conduct economic evaluation of the Peninsula Dental Social Enterprise (PDSE) programme for people experiencing homelessness over an 18-month period, when compared to a hypothetical base-case scenario (‘status quo').

Methods A decision tree model was generated in TreeAge Pro Healthcare 2024. Benefit-cost analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis were performed using data informed by the literature and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (Monte Carlo simulation with 1,000 cycles). The pre-determined willingness-to-pay threshold was estimated to be £59,502 per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted. Costs (£) and benefits were valued in 2020 prices. Health benefits in DALYs included dental treatment for dental caries, periodontitis and severe tooth loss.

Results The hypothetical cohort of 89 patients costs £11,502 (SD: 488) and £57,118 (SD: 2,784) for the base-scenario and the PDSE programme, respectively. The health outcomes generated 0.9 (SD: 0.2) DALYs averted for the base-case scenario, and 5.4 (SD: 0.9) DALYs averted for the PDSE programme. The DALYs averted generated £26,648 (SD: 4,805) and £163,910 (SD: 28,542) in benefits for the base-scenario and the PDSE programme, respectively. The calculated incremental benefit-cost ratio was 3.02 (SD: 0.5) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was £10,472 (SD: 2,073) per DALY averted. Uncertainty analysis demonstrated that the PDSE programme was 100% cost-effective.

Conclusions Funding a targeted dental programme from the UK healthcare perspective that provides timely and affordable access to dental services for people experiencing homelessness is cost-effective.
Structural insights into context-dependent inhibitory mechanisms of chloramphenicol in cells
Authors: Xue Liang , Spahn Christian M. T. , Schacherl Magdalena , Mahamid Julia
Published: December 2024

Ribosome-targeting antibiotics represent an important class of antimicrobial drugs. Chloramphenicol (Cm) is a well-studied ribosomal peptidyl transferase center (PTC) binder and growing evidence suggests that its inhibitory action depends on the sequence of the nascent peptide. How such selective inhibition on the molecular scale manifests on the cellular level remains unclear. Here, we use cryo-electron tomography to analyze the impact of Cm inside the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae. By resolving the Cm-bound ribosomes to 3.0 Å, we elucidate Cm’s coordination with natural nascent peptides and transfer RNAs in the PTC. We find that Cm leads to the accumulation of a number of translation elongation states, indicating ongoing futile accommodation cycles, and to extensive ribosome collisions. We, thus, suggest that, beyond its direct inhibition of protein synthesis, the action of Cm may involve the activation of cellular stress responses. This work exemplifies how in-cell structural biology can expand the understanding of mechanisms of action for extensively studied antibiotics.
Interfacial engineering-induced electronic state modulation in Ru/MoS2 heterostructures for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhang Yajing , Zhang Canhui , Wang Xingkun , Dai Shuixing , Huang Minghua , Jiang Heqing
Published: December 2024

Three-component heterogeneous structures promote efficient hydrogen evolution.
Synthesis and exploration of a 1H-germol-1-ide/pyridine bidentate ligand
Authors: Liu Chenghuan , Schmidtmann Marc , Müller Thomas
Published: December 2024

A new bidentate ligand designed by the combination of a germacyclopentadiene group and an amidopyridinato substituent and its homoleptic complexes with Ge(ii) and Sn(ii) are presented.
Enhancing molecular diversity of peptoid oligomers using amino acid synthons
Authors: Smith Peter T. , Franco Jennifer L. , Kirshenbaum Kent
Published: December 2024

Unprotected amino acids can be used as reagents in the solid-phase synthesis of N-substituted glycine peptoid oligomers.
Born liquid to live solid: in situ polymerized electrolyte enables stable operation of organic-Li metal batteries
Authors: Baymuratova Guzaliya R. , Shchurik Elena V. , Emelianov Nikita A. , Mumyatov Alexander V. , Zhidkov Ivan S. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Yarmolenko Olga V. , Kraevaya Olga A. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: December 2024

Simultaneous application of LiPF6/carbonate and LiTFSI/dioxolane-based electrolytes leads to the formation of gel electrolyte enabling stable cycling of organic cathodes due to suppression of material dissolution and formation of optimal interfaces.
Sex-mediated effects of transglutaminase 2 inhibition on endothelial function in human resistance arteries from diabetic and non-diabetic patients
Authors: Saii Khatera , Prat-Duran Judit , Simonsen Ulf , Knudsen Anders Riegels , Funder Jonas Amstrup , Buus Niels Henrik , Pinilla Estéfano
Published: December 2024

Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is an enzyme with multiple conformations. In its open conformation, TG2 exhibits transamidase activity linked to fibrosis, arterial remodeling, and endothelial dysfunction, a process enhanced by high glucose in endothelial cells. However, the closed conformation of TG2 contributes to transmembrane signaling and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasorelaxation. LDN 27219, a reversible allosteric inhibitor, stabilizes TG2 in its closed conformation. We examined whether pharmacological modulation of TG2 into its closed conformation induces vasorelaxation and enhances endothelium-dependent and independent relaxation in resistance arteries from age-matched diabetic (n = 14) and non-diabetic patients (n = 14) (age 71 (Standard Error of the Mean: ± 2)). Subcutaneous arteries (diameter 133–1013 µm) were isolated from abdominal fat biopsies. TG2 mRNA expression and transamidase activity were assessed via RT-qPCR and 5-biotin(amido)pentylamine (5-BP) incorporation, while vascular reactivity was measured using wire myography. TG2 mRNA was highly expressed without significant differences between the groups and LDN 27219 induced concentration-dependent vasorelaxation in arteries from both groups. Sex-specific analysis revealed that potentiation of acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation by LDN 27219 was driven by increased TG2 expression in non-diabetic females, whereas no effect was observed in arteries from non-diabetic males. Among diabetic patients, LDN 27219 increased maximal acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation in males only. LDN 27219 did not affect endothelium-independent relaxation to sodium nitroprusside in either group. In conclusion, TG2 is expressed in human resistance arteries, and LDN 27219 induced vasorelaxation, selectively enhancing ACh relaxation in non-diabetic females, likely owing to increased TG2 expression. This finding underscores the importance of sex differences in TG2 modulation of vasorelaxation.
Robust adaptive synchronization of the chaotic fractional‐order satellite system subject to uncertainties and unknown inputs
Authors: Yaghoubi Zahra , Elmi Mojgan , Adeli Mahdieh
Published: December 2024

This article addresses the robust adaptive synchronization for a three‐dimensional unknown chaotic fractional‐order satellite system. It is considered that the satellite system is under unknown moments of inertia and exogenous disturbance torques. It is assumed that the upper bound of the exogenous disturbance is unknown, which makes the controller design more complex. The control is designed with the aim of synchronization of two satellites with perturbing torques considering unknown parameters. The proposed controller consists of three parts: (1) a linear term of the synchronization error, (2) the nonlinear part of the synchronization error, and (3) online estimations of the unknown parameters and disturbance, which are established by fractional‐order adaptation laws. The proposed robust adaptive control scheme uses Lyapunov theory and fractional concepts to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system. The proposed controller is robust to unknown parameters and disturbance torques by taking advantage of the adaptive estimation. The computational simulations show the success of the theoretical attainments.
Secure adaptive fuzzy tracking control for a class of nonlinear systems under actuator and sensor faults and denial‐of‐service attacks based on event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Baghi Hamidreza , Abdollahi Farzaneh , Talebi Heidar Ali
Published: December 2024

The main focus of this article is to investigate the secure adaptive fuzzy tracking control (SAFTC) scheme for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems, with special presence of actuator and sensor faults and denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. The proposed method integrates switching gain observers, fuzzy logic systems (FLS), and event‐triggered control and introduces a new algorithm and dynamic gain to optimize tracking performance and resilience against disturbances, multiple faults, and DoS attacks. In addition, it is demonstrated that the proposed control scheme ensures the closed‐loop system remains bounded and the error signal asymptotically converges to a neighborhood around the origin. Finally, results for the proposed method applied to a class of unknown nonlinear systems are presented to back theoretical results and their effectiveness.
Three‐stage receding horizon‐based voltage control and electric vehicle charge scheduling of active distribution networks
Authors: Dutta Arunima , Ganguly Sanjib , Kumar Chandan
Published: December 2024

In this article, a three‐stage, two‐level voltage regulation scheme based on receding horizon control (RHC) principles is proposed for active distribution networks. The distribution system consists of photovoltaic (PV) generators, electric vehicles (EVs), and electrical loads. Electric vehicle aggregators (EVA) act as intermediary between the prosumers and the network operators. The devised framework aims to coordinate various voltage control equipment according to their slow response (1st stage) or fast (2nd stage) response to voltage variations. In the 3rd stage, the electric vehicle charge scheduling is accomplished and all these stages constitute to form upper‐level operation. Further, an effort has been made to maximize the profit of EVA for performing ancillary services during EV charge scheduling. Moreover, EVAs incorporate demand response programs to enhance network stability. While 1st and 2nd stages are formulated as non‐linear programming problems, the 3rd stage is formulated as a mixed‐integer non‐linear problem. The problems are optimized using the CPLEX solver in the general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) environment. The lower control level is implemented by following a few rules that adjust the local Q(V) characteristics embedded in the power electronics interfaced devices. The obtained results exhibit that the devised framework not only helps in voltage regulation but also the EV owners and the EVA. Later, the profit earned by EVAs is computed for slow and fast charging schemes.
Revisiting the CMB large-scale anomalies: The impact of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal from the Local Universe
Authors: Jung Gabriel , Aghanim Nabila , Sorce Jenny G. , Seidel Benjamin , Dolag Klaus , Douspis Marian
Published: December 2024

The full-sky measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies by WMAP and Planck have highlighted several unexpected isotropy-breaking features on the largest angular scales. We investigate the impact of the local large-scale structure on these anomalies through the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effects. We used a constrained hydrodynamical simulation that reproduced the local Universe in a box of 500 h−1 Mpc to construct full-sky maps of the temperature anisotropies produced by these two secondary effects of the CMB, and we discuss their statistical properties on large angular scales. We show the significant role played by the Virgo cluster on these scales, and we compare it to theoretical predictions and random patches of the Universe obtained from the hydrodynamical simulation Magneticum. We explored three of the main CMB large-scale anomalies, that is, the lack of a correlation, the quadrupole-octopole alignment, and the hemispherical asymmetry, in the latest Planck data (PR4), where they are detected at a level similar to the previous releases. We also use the simulated secondaries from the local Universe to verify that their impact is negligible.
The host galaxies of radio-loud quasars at z > 5 with ALMA
Authors: Mazzucchelli C. , Decarli R. , Belladitta S. , Bañados E. , Meyer R. A. , Connor T. , Momjian E. , Rojas-Ruiz S. , Eilers A.-C. , Khusanova Y. , Farina E. P. , Drake A. B. , Walter F. , Wang F. , Onoue M. , Venemans B. P.
Published: December 2024

The interaction between radio jets and quasar host galaxies plays a paramount role in quasar and galaxy co-evolution. However, very little is known at present about this interaction at very high−z. Here, we present new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations in Bands 7 and 3 of six radio-loud (RL) quasar host galaxies at z > 5. We recovered [C II] 158 μm line and underlying dust continuum emission at > 2σ for five sources, while we obtained upper limits for the CO(6-5) emission line and continuum for the remaining source. At the spatial resolution of our observations (∼1″​​.0–1″​​.4), we did not recover any perturbed or extended morphologies or kinematics, which are known signatures of potential mergers. These galaxies already host large quantities of gas (∼1010 M⊙), with [C II] luminosities of L[C II] ∼ 108 − 9 L⊙ and [C II]-based star formation rates of 30 − 400 M⊙ yr−1. In building their radio/submillimeter (radio/submm) spectral energy distributions (SEDs), we found that in at least four cases, the 1 mm continuum intensity arises from a combination of synchrotron and dust emission. The initial estimation of synchrotron contribution at 300 GHz in these cases is of ≳10%. Assuming a scenario where the continuum emission is solely due to cold dust as an upper limit, we obtained infrared (IR) luminosities of LIR ∼ 1011 − 12 L⊙. We compared the properties of the sources inspected here with a large collection of radio-quiet sources from the literature, as well as a sample of RL quasars from previous studies at comparable redshifts. We recovered a mild potential decrease in L[C II] for the RL sources, which might be due to a suppression of the cool gas emission due to the radio jets. We did not find any [C II] emitting companion galaxy candidate around the five RL quasars observed in Band 7. Given the depth of our dataset, this result is still consistent with what has been observed around radio-quiet quasars. Future higher spatial-resolution observations, over a broader frequency range, of high−z RL quasars hosts will allow us to further improve our understanding of the physics of these sources.
Customer Perception of Artificial Intelligence in Public Banking: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Menezes Amith Donald , K Kavyashree , Naik Shreekant G.
Published: December 2024

The widespread consensus is that artificial intelligence is the ability of robots to mimic human intelligence by performing activities that are similar to those of humans. The contemporary environment, which is marked by a sharp growth in AI use, highlights the technology’s expanding importance. Two fundamental ideas form the basis of AI’s operational framework. Firstly, there is an emphasis on understanding the mechanisms of the human brain and grasping its cognitive processes. Subsequently, these insights are practically implemented by applying machine learning methodologies. This research study investigates customer perspectives on integrating AI within the Banking Industry. To achieve this objective, participants were specifically chosen from the customer bases of certain public sector banks. The primary data used in this study was gathered through the use of a structured questionnaire. For the study, 439 responders were taken into consideration. Random sampling was used to choose the responders. Customers of selected public sector banks were chosen for the study. This article demonstrates how important AI is to the banking industry. Additionally, it identifies the primary features or circumstances that impact the banking industry’s adoption of AI. The study tries to comprehend artificial intelligence and its significance in the banking service.
Determinants of digital financial literacy: An exploratory study
Authors: Jamnani Ajay , Jamnani Jyoti
Published: December 2024

Digital financial literacy is an important attribute for understanding consumer behaviour and financial decisions in the digital financial domain. This study aims to explore determinants of digital financial literacy (DFL) that influence customer’s decision making. A quantitative approach was adopted to for the study and data was collected with the help of a structured questionnaire. Sample respondents of 438 who use digital financial services, were used for the study. The study also aimed at finding association between demographic details of the respondent and digital financial services been consumed. Findings revel seven factors being identified that influence consumer’s decision making namely digital responsibility, risk awareness, financial planning, digital competency, prudent finance, budgeting skills and short-term financial focus. The study also found association between age and likelihood of sharing OTP but differed for sharing usernames, passwords and PIN. financial focus
The impact of digital transformation on systemic risk in the banking industry
Authors: Chen Lian
Published: December 2024

In recent years, national strategies have accelerated digital transformation across various sectors, and for the banking industry, effectively managing risks in the digital era is essential for ensuring stable growth. This project aims to examine how digital transformation in banks influences systemic risk within the banking sector. It utilizes SRISK, based on the conditional mean method, as an indicator of systemic risk in banking, along with digital transformation indices derived from data collected by Peking University (2010-2021) and additional data from 2022 and 2023. The study investigates the effects and mechanisms through which banking digital transformation impacts systemic risk, focusing on both internal generation and contagion mechanisms. By analyzing the interactions between digital adoption and financial stability, the research sheds light on potential vulnerabilities that may arise from rapid technological advancements. It also provides policy recommendations for commercial banks and regulatory authorities to help mitigate systemic risks and enhance theoretical frameworks related to banking digital transformation.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Digital Transformation of Commercial Banks: Enhancing Efficiency, Customer Experience, and Risk Management
Authors: Tian Xuanning
Published: December 2024

In the quickly evolving financial world of today, the digital transformation of commercial banks has become critical, with artificial intelligence (AI) playing a central role in this process. This study aims to explore whether AI can significantly enhance the digital transformation of commercial banks, how it works in key business areas, and what challenges it poses. The study begins with an analysis of the core components of digital transformation, including customer-centric strategies, IT infrastructure modernization, talent and culture transformation, and data security. It then investigates how AI can strengthen these areas by improving customer loyalty, operational efficiency, and risk management, while recognizing obstacles like data security, moral dilemmas, and legal requirements. The findings show that AI significantly improves operational efficiency and customer experience, but poses ethical and compliance challenges, which need to be explored carefully. The study concluded that AI is critical in shaping the future of commercial banking, provided banks respond responsibly to its challenges. This report emphasizes AI’s capacity for transformation. and its importance in ensuring the sustainable growth and competitiveness of commercial banks.
Portfolio Optimization of Stocks in Different Industries by Single-Index Model and Markowitz Model
Authors: Chen Mingrui
Published: December 2024

In the financial sector, portfolio optimization is becoming more and more crucial. This article examines the portfolios of two industries, financial services and technology, in an effort to help prospective investors make decisions about their investments under a variety of constraints. The portfolio with the lowest volatility and the highest Sharpe ratio, and the constraint for the smallest value variance are the three practical restrictions that are paired with the Markowitz model and the Sharpe-single Index model approach to establish the ideal stock portfolios. The outcome demonstrates that, First, a risk-return portfolio can benefit from investing in the S&P index due to its strong correlation with listed companies; second, investing in the S&P index is preferred to hedge risk if short selling is prohibited; and third, it is advantageous to include the S&P index in the investment portfolio. This holds immense importance for the investigation of the most efficient distribution of monetary resources within the financial industry.