bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous embolization of renal pseudoaneurysms
Authors: Bagheri Seyed Morteza , Ghadamzadeh Mostafa , Chavoshi Mohammadreza
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

We evaluated the efficacy of the mixture of autologous blood and a hemostatic agent, oxidized regenerative cellulose (ORC), as an alternative material for ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous embolization of renal pseudoaneurysm (PA).

Methods:

In this retrospective study, consecutive patients diagnosed with renal PA were included. The exclusion criteria were: PA of the main renal artery, tiny PA not visualized on the colour doppler ultrasonography, PA more than 3 cm in max diameter or extracapsular PA with the possibility of massive bleeding, and patients with a history of coagulation disorders. After localizing the PA, a mixture of autologous blood and ORC was injected under US guidance with a 15G coaxial needle. Patients were followed up for at least 6 months.

Results:

Twenty-nine patients with PA were included, of which 26 had a history of percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and three patients had a history of renal biopsy (24 men and five women with an average age of 44.3 years). Gross hematuria was the most common mode of presentation. The mean size of the PA was 16.6 mm and the mean duration of follow-up was 9 months. The clinical and the technical success rate was 100%. The PA could be thrombosed in all the patients with a single-session of injection. No acute (hematoma, infection, and bleeding) or chronic (thromboembolic events, renal cortical atrophy, and recurrence) complications were seen.

Conclusion:

Percutaneous embolization of renal PA under US guidance with a mixture of autologous blood and ORC is an efficient and easily available first-line method to treat this potentially life-threatening condition when endovascular embolization or other expensive thrombotic agents are not available.
The role of tranexamic acid in reducing bleeding during transurethral resection of the prostate
Authors: Pranata Firmantya Hadi , Kloping Yudhistira Pradnyan , Hidayatullah Furqan , Rahman Zakaria Aulia , Yogiswara Niwanda , Rahman Ilham Akbar , Febriansyah Nafis Audrey , Soebadi Doddy Moesbadianto
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is regarded as the current gold standard surgical intervention for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, this procedure is associated with significant chances of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. Several studies have reported the role of tranexamic acid in prostatic surgeries, but, its role in TURP is still unclear. This review aims to evaluate the role of tranexamic acid in reducing the blood loss during TURP.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic search was performed on Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane, up to December 2021. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the role of tranexamic acid in TURP were screened using our predefined eligibility criteria. Data were expressed as odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration, UK).

Results:

Six trials were included in this meta-analysis, comprising of 582 patients with BPH who underwent TURP. The meta-analysis revealed an insignificant difference in the rate of blood transfusion (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.34, 1.34, P = 0.27) but, a significantly lower amount of blood loss and a lower reduction in the hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the patients receiving tranexamic acid as compared to the control group (MD − 127.03, 95% CI − 233.11, −20.95, P = 0.02; MD − 0.53, 95% CI − 0.84, −0.22, P < 0.01; respectively). Also, the operative time (P = 0.12) and the length of hospitalization (P = 0.59) were similar between the two groups.

Conclusion:

The administration of tranexamic acid was not found to be effective in reducing the need for blood transfusion, the operative time, and the length of hospitalization during the TURP. However, it could reduce the amount of blood loss and the fall in the Hb levels.
Sperm DNA Fragmentation in Reproductive Medicine
Authors: Alahmar Ahmed T. , Singh Rajender , Palani Ayad
Published: September 2022

Approximately 15% of the world's couples suffer from infertility during their reproductive period of which the male factor is responsible for 50% of cases. Male factor infertility is multifactorial in origin, and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) has also been linked to male infertility including idiopathic male infertility. Some degree of controlled DNA nicking is essential for adequate DNA compaction, but excessive SDF is usually associated with reduced male fertility potential, reduced fertilisation, poor embryo quality, recurrent pregnancy loss and poor assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) outcomes. Although semen analysis remains the gold standard for diagnosis of male factor infertility worldwide, its limitations motivated the search and the development of complementary tests of sperm function and integrity. SDF assay is an emerging diagnostic tool in infertile men, and several indications for SDF testing in infertile couples have also been proposed. The use of SDF in routine male infertility assessment is, however, still controversial. Furthermore, both direct and indirect SDF tests are now available. Hence, the present review was conducted to summarise the recent evidence of SDF, underlying mechanisms, clinical indications, diagnostic tests, as well as the role of SDF in male factor infertility, pregnancy and ART outcomes.
Modafinil for Wakefulness and Disorders of Consciousness in the Critical Care Units
Authors: Amer Marwa , Jamil Mouhamad Ghyath , Kseibi Eiad
Published: September 2022

Objective:

Cognitive improvement after critical illness is complex. Neurostimulants are used to speed up physical and mental processes. Modafinil for wakefulness in the intensive care unit (ICU) holds the potential to facilitate recovery from cognitive impairment. We aim to provide an updated narrative review of the current evidence on modafinil use for wakefulness and disorders of consciousness (DoC) and describe modafinil effect for wakefulness in eight adults admitted to our ICUs at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

For the narrative review, we searched MEDLINE for modafinil studies as neurostimulant for wakefulness and DoC published from inception through May 30, 2022, with no language or study design restriction, focused on adults, and neurocritical care population (traumatic brain injury [TBI], poststroke). The case series included adult patients (age ≥18 years), admitted between January 2017 and June 2020 to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID ICUs with an ICU stay of at least 48 h, started on modafinil during ICU stay for at least 48 h and required ventilatory support.

Results:

For the narrative review, we identified five studies in TBI (n = 285; two RCTs and three retrospective cohort studies), one systematic review poststroke (n = 120), two studies on ICU population, and one case report describing modafinil use in post-COVID encephalopathy. We also identified additional three recent studies that were published after systematic review for modafinil use poststroke. A total of eight patients out of approximately 10,000–13,000 ICU admissions used modafinil over the 4 years' period and described in our case series; 3 admitted to COVID-19 ICU, 4 surgical ICU, and 1 transplant ICU. Modafinil 100–200 mg daily was started for median duration of 4 days and median initiation time in relation to ICU admission was 11 (IQR 9–17) days. Glasgow Coma Score improvement was noted in 5 (62.5%) patients. No significant adverse effects were documented.

Conclusion:

In this case series, modafinil as neurostimulant was infrequently prescribed in ICU over the 4 years and was associated with a low incidence of adverse effects. Based on our observations, modafinil might have a potential role when administered to certain patients. Our findings can be biased by confounders that influence cognitive function and recovery. Larger studies are warranted to evaluate its role in this indication fully.
Height Measurement and Ultrasound Assessment of Subglottic Region for the Estimation of Appropriate Endotracheal Tube Size in Pediatric Population
Authors: AlHumaid Salwa AlRashed , AlSaab Fahad , Arafat Abdullah , ALMajed Abdullah , AlZughaibi Nezar , Koumi Adnan , Hdaki Marwan , ALMutairi Mohammed , ALHoraim Homod
Published: September 2022

Background:

Choosing the appropriate endotracheal tube (ETT) size in pediatric patients is crucial to guarantee well ventilation and reliable end-tidal gas monitoring. Different methods have been established for choosing appropriate ETT size with varied validities depending on the demographics of the patients.

Objectives:

The primary objective is to investigate a relationship between the height of the patient and the appropriate ETT size and form a predictive formula.

Design:

A prospective, observational study was conducted between November 2019 and March 2020 in a pediatric hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Setting:

Patients below 14 years of age admitted for elective day surgery with American Society of Anesthesiologist Class 1 or 2 were invited to participate. Patients with anticipated difficult airway or neck mass or those refused to enroll were excluded.

Methods:

After obtaining institutional review board approval, informed consents were taken from all patients' guardians. Collected data were gathered in excel sheet.

Main Outcome Measures:

Demographic and clinical data were collected. The subglottic area was measured before induction of anesthesia by bedside ultrasound machine. No formulas were used for ETT size used.

Sample Size:

71 children were included in the study.

Results:

The ETT based on the height of the patient was estimated using the formula below as “estimated ETT size if other formula used:” {INSIDE:1] estimated based on height. Pearson's correlation results revealed a positive association between the ETT used and ETT estimated. The relationship between variables is insignificant, with a P > 0.05. There was an overestimation in both the ETT used and ETT estimated in the stepwise regression analysis. About 88.5% overestimate the ETT used based on age, and about 89.7% overestimate the ETT based on patient height. The F-value change statistics indicates a statistical significance of ETT used and ETT estimated.

Conclusion:

It is crucial to have an accurate ETT tube size used in children. The height of the child was found to have good correlation with ETT size in our Saudi population.

Limitation:

Part of the limitations faced was the fact that it was a single-center study which may not represent the population from other areas.
Задача Канторовича оптимальной транспортировки мер: новые направления исследований
Authors: Bogachev Vladimir Igorevich
Published: September 2022

В работе дан обзор исследований последнего десятилетия и приведены новые результаты по различным новым модификациям классической задачи Канторовича оптимальной транспортировки мер. Подробно обсуждаются нелинейные задачи Канторовича, задачи с ограничениями на плотности транспортных планов, задачи оптимальной транспортировки с параметрами. Кроме того, рассмотрены связанные с этими новыми постановками вопросы геометрии и топологии пространств мер.
Библиография: 134 названия.
Functional Constipation is Associated with a Decline in Word Recognition 2 Years Later in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study
Authors: Jang Hoseok , Kim Sunyoung , Kim Byungsung , Kim Miji , Jung Jaehoon , Won Chang Won
Published: September 2022

Background: Consumption and cognitive impairment are the most common health problems among older adults. This study aimed to determine the effects of functional constipation on cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This was a 2-year longitudinal analysis of Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study data, including 851 community-dwelling residents who participated in both the baseline and follow-up surveys. A neuropsychological test, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Battery (CERAD-K), and the Korean version of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) were used to evaluate cognitive function. Functional constipation was defined according to the ROME IV criteria. An analysis of covariance was used to identify the association between functional constipation and cognitive decline.Results: Among the 851 participants, 8.9% had functional constipation. The patients in the constipation group were more likely to have low physical activity (15.8% vs. 8.8%), polypharmacy (61.8% vs. 45.5%), and depression (30.3% vs. 17.4%) than the non-constipation group. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, including age, sex, education years, low physical activity, polypharmacy, type 2 diabetes mellitus, depression, and baseline Cognitive Function Test score, the mean changes in Word Recognition test scores from 2018 to 2020 were -0.07 and -0.54 in the non-constipation and constipation groups, respectively (p=0.007). Other cognitive function tests (Mini-Mental State Examination, word list memory, word list recall, digit span, trail-making test, and FAB) did not show any difference in decline between the two groups (p>0.05).Conclusions: Functional constipation at baseline was associated with a decline in word recognition after 2 years.
Grinding and Abrading Activities in the Earlier Neolithic of Northern Greece
Authors: Stroulia Anna , Robitaille Jérôme , Ögüt Birgül , Chondroyianni-Metoki Areti , Kotsachristou Dimitra
Published: September 2022

Despite their widespread presence and potential to shed light on various aspects of prehistoric life, for a long time Neolithic macrolithics attracted little scholarly attention. The situation, however, is rapidly changing as more and more assemblages are being studied and published systematically. The study of the grinding and abrading tools from the earlier Neolithic site of Pontokomi-Souloukia in northern Greece is part of this recent trend, as it integrates macroscopic examination, use wear, microbotanical and macrobotanical analysis, an experimental program, ethnographic data, as well as contextual analysis. In this article, we present the results of our study and make comparisons with other assemblages, placing the Pontokomi-Souloukia material in its wider Aegean Neolithic context.
Grypa w polskich podręcznikach o chorobach zakaźnych, drugiej połowy XIX w. i okresu dwudziestolecia międzywojennego (do roku 1937)
Authors: Urbanek Bożena
Published: September 2022

Influenza in Polish textbooks on infectious diseases from the second half of 19th century and the interwar period

Influenza, as a disease, is still relatively unknown to the general public, despite the fact that it has quite an extensive pedigree, both in terms of etymology – the history of the term itself – as well as the period when it first became recognizable as a specific type of ailment. The following analysis attempts to uncover the regularities connected with learning about this disease, which has been known to plague mankind since ancient times. Another interesting aspect – besides reaching the reason for the phrasing used – is the question of the naming convention, which developed in Europe, one could say, along with the disease itself, which in turn was often known to take the form of an epidemic or even escalating to a pandemic. This analysis is based on the first Polish medical textbooks describing infectious diseases, which started being published in the Congress Kingdom of Poland in 1870s. Moreover, it should be added that initially those books were published on the basis of foreign literature and were passed on to the Polish public through translations. However, from the beginning of the 20th century, textbooks by native authors, the first national specialists in this field, started being written. The last position used for the purposes of the above analysis is a publication entitled doctors), edited by Leon Karwacki and Feliks Malinowski, published in Warsaw in 3 volumes, two years before the outbreak of the Second World War, in the year 1937.
Sanktuarium Matki Bożej Częstochowskiej na Jasnej Górze miejscem uświęcenia chrześcijanina w nauczaniu biskupa Stefana Bareły
Authors: Sękiewicz Andrzej
Published: September 2022

The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Częstochowa at Jasna Góra as a place of sanctification of a Christian in the teachings of Bishop Stefan Bareła

Sanctity is the meaning of a Christian’s life and belongs to its essence. The article is devoted to the role played by the Jasna Góra Sanctuary in achieving the sanctity of an individual and the entire Polish nation. Selected texts from the teachings of the third bishop of Częstochowa, Stefan Bareła, related to the worship of the Mother of God, were analysed. It manifests itself in various forms and on many levels of human existence, contributing to the development of the spiritual life of man. The Bishop teaches what is the worship of the Mother of God, thus contributing to the understanding of what Marian means in the life of a Christian, separating its theological aspects from pure piety. A proper understanding of the veneration and expression of the worship of the Mother of God strengthens the Christian’s faith. Its manifestation is the constant making of pilgrimages to Jasna Góra and the vows and commitments made in this place. An important element of the worship of the Mother of God is its influence on every Christian’s vocation to sanctity, discussed in the teachings of Bishop Stefan Bareła.
Escape from the battlefield and its immediate punishment in the oath of the Samnite Linen Legion (Liv. 10.38). Part 2
Authors: Członkowska-Naumiuk Małgorzata
Published: September 2022

In the account of the Third Samnite War (298–290 BC) Livy records a special commitment of the Samnite Linen Legion that faced the Romans at Aquilonia in 293 BC. The oath of this élite formation required discipline and sacrifice to a greater extent than the obligations of the other Samnite troops and the Roman military oath of these times. According to Livy, the Linen Legion’s soldiers swore not to flee the battlefield and to instantly kill anyone from among themselves who would try to run away. Threatening soldiers to kill them on the spot in case of desertion in the face of the enemy and issuing such an order during battle was a widespread practice in the Roman army as well as in other armies of different epochs. It appears that in the Samnite picked troops, it was the military oath itself that included the obligation to punish the fugientes immediately. Strengthening military discipline and soldiers ’sworn commitments was a systemic solution aimed at enhancing combat effectiveness of the army in situations of extreme danger. Analogies can be drawn between the Samnite case and examples of Greek and Roman military oaths reinforced in the face of an invader. The peculiar clause of the Linen Legion’s oath may be seen as one of such systemic measures. The article examines the reasons for its use by the Samnites and attempts to demonstrate the credibility of this detail given by Livy.
Razem przeciw bolszewikom. Niemieckie próby nawiązania współpracy z Armią Krajową w drugiej połowie 1944 roku na przykładzie Inspektoratu AK Miechów
Authors: Golik Dawid
Published: September 2022

Together against the Bolsheviks: German attempts to collaborate with the Home Army in the second half of 1944 as illustrated by the Miechów Home Army Inspectorate

The tactics used by the German occupiers in the second half of 1944 to persuade the Home Army to join forces against the Soviets is undoubtedly one of the most interesting and still little-known episodes in the history of the Polish Underground State. These efforts, although clearly delayed and treated with great distrust by the majority of Home Army soldiers, were nevertheless a fairly common phenomenon. The German strategy, although inconsistent and full of contradictions, could in some situations be met with favorable attitudes of the underground army officers, especially if they were already involved in conflicts with the Soviet partisans and communist groups. The Home Army soldiers were undoubtedly tempted by the prospect of personal safety, limiting repressions against the civilian population or by the promise of weapon supplies. However, no one was under the illusion that the German proposals resulted from goodwill – it was understood that the only reason for seeking alliance with the Poles was the dramatic situation on the eastern front.
De artificio zuchari – rozdział o sztuce cukierniczej w Lumen apothecariorum Quirica de Augustisa z 1492 roku
Authors: Hryszko Rafał
Published: September 2022

“De artificio zuchari” – the chapter on confectionery art in Lumen apothecariorum by Quirico de Augustis from 1492

For a better understanding of old confectionery it is necessary to turn to pharmaceutical sources. The book by the Piedmontese physician and apothecary Quirico de Augustis entitled Lumen apothecariorum, published in Turin in 1492, is one example of this kind of work. It was printed many times at the turn of the 16th century, and in later centuries it became one of the basic sources of apothecaries’knowledge in the area of manufacturing both medicines and sweets. The Polish translation includes the 13th chapter taken from the aforementioned work, titled “De artificio zuchari.” The 24 recipes include instructions for preparing different types of candies, candied fruit, jam, marzipan, and jelly. The author also listed seven detailed instructions on how to colour sugar to various hues and how to mould sugar mass into specific shapes resembling people, animals, and objects.
The Joker Myth as Mediated Stereotype in International Media Discourse
Authors: Grapă Teodora-Elena
Published: September 2022

This study is a critical mixed-methods investigation of the Joker’s ubiquity within international media discourse. The research comparatively examines the myth’s presence within The Guardian and The New York Times’ news reporting (1999–2020), and determines intermedia agenda-setting processes. Using a corpus linguistics approach, the paper also analyses news media’s deployment of the Joker as a figure of speech, with the purpose of identifying prom­inent news values. The results indicate a high prevalence of consonance, eliteness, proximity, negativity, and superlativeness. Moreover, the study investigates the role that user-generated media plays in perpetuating or countering dominant hegemonies, by semiotically analysing internet memes that use the myth within the r/meme subreddit community. Overall, the study finds that the Joker is a popular resource for the mediated construction of a derogatory stereotype, associated with sexist, racist and ableist myths, often in connection to political elites (Donald Trump, Boris Johnson, Barack Obama), and serves as a tool for mockery, shame, and dramatization of events.
Binging – a Fad or a Permanent Change in Media Consumption? A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Kisilowska-Szurmińska Małgorzata
Published: September 2022

Binging – and binge-watching in particular – has been receiving growing interest from communication scientists for a couple of years. Thus, after five decades of watching audiovisual content according to TV schedules, a recipient gained more autonomy regarding the content and ways of watching. The author aims to analyse the factors influencing the potential permanence of this specific way of media consumption, with literature review as the main method. These factors include different definitions of the concept, synonyms, applying the binging term to different media formats (binge-watching – binge-listening – binge-reading – binge-gaming), technological and social circumstances. These factors differ in their quality and scale. Will their convergence and synergy permanently change the practices of media consumption? Referring to previous changes in media differentiation, accessibility, and reception, although binging would probably become rather next, but not the dominating form of media practices of leisure time. The cognitive value of the article is to offer a theoretical basis for further quantitative and qualitative research on the reception of different media formats and genres; binging included.
(Re)thinking the International Labour Law: International Labour Standards, Regulatory Strategy and Universality
Authors: Pasqualeto Olívia de Quintana Figueiredo , Scodro Catharina Lopes
Published: September 2022

In 2020, for the first time in the history of the International Labour Organization (ILO), we sighted the universal ratification of a Convention, that is, the ratification by all 187 Member States of the Organization. The C182—Convention of Worst Forms of Child Labour (1999) is identified as a fundamental Convention because it refers to one of the fundamental labour rights identified at ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998). This Declaration, despite having been immersed in intense debates on the regulatory option adopted by the ILO (soft law), spelled out a list of fundamental rights and principles at work, approaching to the grammar of human rights. In this sense, it is possible to understand that Convention No. 182, since it is fundamental, already had a prominent role. However, universal ratification presents itself as opportune and strategic, especially when it formalizes the commitment of States to the observance of the parameters presented in the respective international labour standard. Thus, using the deductive method (Lakatos, Marconi 2003) and the bibliographic and the documentary research techniques, the study is going to analyse the importance of universalizing international labour standards for International Labour Law.
Zakład pracy jako byt intersubiektywny (wspólnota wyobrażona)
Authors: Żołyński Janusz
Published: September 2022

Employing establishment as an intersubjective entity (imagined community)

Employing establishment community is an intersubjective entity (imagined community). This stems from the following facts:

• it has impermanent functioning bases,

• it’s clearly economic in nature,

• as a rule, it has a local, environmental dimension.
„Pełne przymioty wzorowego kapłana muszą zwyciężyć…” – życie i działalność księdza doktora Stanisława Kozłowskiego – ostatniego przedwojennego proboszcza w Grzegorzewie
Authors: Gmurczyk Zbigniew
Published: September 2022

W miejscowości Chełmno nad Nerem w grudniu 1941 r. Niemcy utworzyli obóz natychmiastowej zagłady pod nazwą Kulmhof. Ich priorytetem stało się utrzymanie w ścisłej tajemnicy tego co działo się w obozie oraz systematyczne niszczenie wszelkich śladów zbrodni. Mieszkańców skutecznie zastraszano i grożono pacyfikacją wsi za udzielanie jakiejkolwiek pomocy ewentualnym uciekinierom. Zakaz ten egzekwowany był wyjątkowo restrykcyjnie. Mimo to, pracujący przed wojną na stanowisku sekretarza tutejszego Urzędu Gminy, Stanisław Kaszyński, uważał za swój obowiązek zaalarmowania władz polskiego państwa podziemnego oraz państw zachodnich o dokonywanym tutaj na masową skalę ludobójstwie. Zdekonspirowany, po krótkim śledztwie został rozstrzelany. Krótko po jego śmierci aresztowana została żona, Karolina. Trafiła najpierw do więzienia dla kobiet w Łodzi, a następnie do wiezienia miejscowego gestapo. Najprawdopodobniej podzieliła los męża. Małżeństwo Kaszyńskich osierociło czwórkę niepełnoletnich jeszcze dzieci.

STANISŁAW KASZYŃSKI (1903-1942) - HE WAS JUST AND NEVER STOOD PASSIVE TOWARDS MISFORTUNE OF OTHERS

In the place Chełmno by the Ner River, in December 1941, Germans created the immediate annihilation camp called Kulmhof. Their priority was to keep everything what was happening in the camp in top secret and to destroy all the evidence of their crime. The inhabitants were successfully terrified and threatened with the village pacification for giving any help to possible fugitives. The prohibition was executed in the exceptionally restrictive way. Despite all that, StanisławKaszyński, holding the position of a Secretary of the local Commune Office before the war, considered it to be his duty to alarm the Polish Secret State and the western states authorities about genocide taking place in here on a mass scale. Exposed, after a short investigation, he was executed by firing squad. Shortly after his death, his wife Karolina was arrested. First, she was taken to the women’s prison in Łódź, next to the local Gestapo prison. Most probably she shared in the misfortune of her husband. The married couple of Kaszyńscy orphaned four still minor children.
Research on Autopsy Results of over 10 Year Old Low Pressure Hollow Fiber Membrane from Domestic Water Treatment Plant
Authors: Yoon Sukmin , Lee Young-Joo , Kim Seong-Su , Choi Han-Bong , Park No-Suk
Published: September 2022

Objectives : In this study, membrane autopsy was performed for a parallel arrayed low-pressure membrane (microfiltration) filtration process that is actually applied to water treatment, to check out whether there are differences in the degree of membrane fouling due to the uneven flow rate into each module. Also, membrane foulants were evaluated quantitatively.Methods : In this study, autopsy was performed for over 10 year old membranes used for drinking water purification. In this way, the outer casings of membrane modules at different positions were disassembled and visually observed. In addition, In addition, the size of the pores and the porosity were investigated by taking a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) photograph for the new and the used membrane module fiber samples in different positions from the header pipe. The used membrane foulants were classified into organic and inorganic matters and quantitatively analyzed.Results and Discussion : As a result of visually observing inside the membrane module that has produced drinking water for over 10 years, the inside of the No. 1 membrane module close to the inlet was contaminated with black foulants. On the other hand, in the case of No. 10 membrane module located farthest from the header pipe inlet, no foulants were observed with the naked eye. Also, it was observed from SEM photograph results that there were large differences in the surfaces among No. 1, 4, 6, 8 and 10 MF module fibers.Conclusion : Even after periodic physical and chemical cleaning, it was concluded that the fouling levels were different each other in the parallel arrayed low-pressure membrane modules. In addition, the pore size distribution and porosities of the membrane modules may vary depending on the position.
Study on the Effect of Solvent for Dispersing Precursor in DSA Production for Ammonia Oxidation
Authors: Jeon Darae , Pak Daewon
Published: September 2022

Objectives : An economical DSA that can be used for a longer period of time and reduce the amount of precious Ru metal required in preparing the electrode was tried to be developed by using an ionic liquid instead of the alcohols as a solvent for electrode catalyst coating when preparing the DSA and comparing the performance. In addition, the possibility of green hydrogen production using ammonia was investigated by examining the possibility of oxidation of non-aqueous ammonia with the fabricated DSA electrode.Methods : 1, 2 and 3 mg/cm2 RuO2 electrodes were prepared using butanol and imidazolium-based ionic liquid (HMIM)HSO4 as a solvent for electrode coating. To optimize conditions, the electrodes prepared using butanol and ionic liquid were compared by evaluating physical and electrochemical properties. SEM-EDS and XRD were used for evaluating physicochemical properties and cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the possibility of oxidation of non-aqueous ammonia and to compare the electrochemical properties.Results and Discussion : Through SEM-EDS measurement before and after the accelerated life time test, it was confirmed that there was a difference depending on the solvent, but in al electrodes, the cracks on the surface before the accelerated life test was desorbed and coated Ru was desorbed, revealing the matrix of the electrode. XRD analysis showed that crystallinity of the butanol solvent electrode was smaller than that of the ionic solvent electrode. Through an accelerated life test for 1, 2, and 3 mg/cm2 RuO2 electrodes by solvent, 1 mg/cm2 RuO2 produced using an ionic solution was the shortest, ending in 16 hours. The electrode 3 mg/cm2 RuO2 was terminated at 201 h, showing the longest lifetime. Through cyclic voltammetry, all RuO2 electrodes fabricated confirmed the possibility of 7 N non-aqueous ammonia oxidation and the active area of the electrodes fabricated using butanol showed a higher total electrochemical charge than the electrodes fabricated using an ionic solution.Conclusion : As the DSA solvent affects the crystallinity of the electrode, it was shown that it affects the physical life of the electrode through the accelerated life test results. Through cyclic voltammetry, the RuO2 electrode confirmed the possibility of oxidation of 7 N non-aqueous ammonia. Through comparison of ruthenium loading amount, accelerated life test, and electrochemical total charge, it is considered that the most economical electrode is a butanol solvent 2 mg/cm 2 RuO2 electrode.
Effectiveness of the Creative Attitude Model in Science Learning (CASL) to Train Creative Thinking Skills for Elementary School Teacher Education Students
Authors: Julianto Julianto , Wasis Wasis , Agustini Rudiana
Published: September 2022

Students must have superior competencies to answer the demands of 21st century skills and the Industrial Revolution 4.0, one of which is creative thinking skills. The purpose of this study was to produce a Creative Attitude in Science Learning (CASL) learning model as a valid, practical, and effective product/product as an effort to improve creative thinking skills and positive attitudes towards PGSD Science students. The development research design used refers to the development model design according to McKenny, consisting of: (1) preliminary study phase, including needs analysis, literature study, and field survey; (2) the model design phase includes model design, validation, revision; and (3) the model testing phase. The research subjects were 3 classes of the Elementary School Teacher Education study program. The data collection method used a creative thinking skills test sheet. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the CASL model can be used to train the creative. thinking skills of elementary school teacher education students.
Development of Batik Modul Based on Local Culture of North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Farihah Farihah , Bahri Halimul , Chalid Surniati , Anggraini Yudhistira
Published: September 2022

This study aims to develop teaching materials in the form of local culture-based batik moduls that can be used as the development of Medan batik motives at Ardhina Batik Medan. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) research method and the research model uses the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The results of the study show that the results of the modul feasibility test according to 6 experts. The results of the data analysis carried out stated that the batik modul based on the local culture of North Sumatra at Ardhina Batik Medan was suitable for use with the "very good" criteria from material experts with an average score of 3 experts, namely 131 or 90.8%, and 3 media experts with a mean score of 141 or 88.5% in the very good category. Thus it can be concluded that the batik modul can be used in learning as well as a means to preserve and develop Medan's typical batik motives.With this modul, students can get to know batik and the process of batik as well as modify the typical motives of several regions into one combination motif (stylization).
Development of Direct and Asyncronous Online Learning Models to Improve Student Learning Outcomes During Study From Home the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bachri ‪Bachtiar Syaiful , Mariono Andi , Arianto Fajar
Published: September 2022

The development of learning needs is increasing as the demand for competency improvement is not only oriented to mastery of the material but also to more complex competencies, namely holistic knowledge, attitudes and skills. At this time the world is being hit by a pandemic due to Covid-19 which hinders direct interaction in learning as usual. So that learning requires the use of communication and information technology (ICT) through learning in the network (online). Through this research, it will be studied to determine the right formula in the selection and use of the synchronous and asynchronous models. This research was conducted using a development research approach with the ADDIE model. conducted at the Educational Technology Study Program, Faculty of Education, State University of Surabaya in the period May – November 2021. The acquisition of learning outcomes in sychronous learning is better than asynchronous. The results of the analysis can be concluded that there is a difference in learning outcomes between the two models, asynchronous and synchronous.
Improvement of Student's Critical Thinking Ability sin Physics Materials Through The Application of Problem-Based Learning
Authors: Samadun Samadun , Dwikoranto Dwikoranto
Published: September 2022

Students' skills in critical thinking are needed in learning for problem-solving. The purpose of this study was to analyze the concept of problem-based learning models, the implementation of problem-based learning models in improving students' critical thinking skills, the effectiveness of problem-based learning models in improving students' critical thinking skills, as well as the effect of problem-based learning models on improving high school students critical thinking skills. on physics. The method in this research is a descriptive research method through literature study. In this study, the results of a review of several articles related to the problem-based learning model were obtained. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the problem-based learning model is a problem-based learning model directly so that students are active in learning in class. The implementation problem-based learning model can train students to overcome various problems directly so that they can improve students critical thinking skills. The application of problem-based learning model is very effective when applied in the student learning process in the classroom because it can improve students' critical thinking skills. The application of the problem-based learning model affects improving high school critical thinking skills on physics material.
Integration of Science and Religion in Value Education
Authors: Ningsih Tutuk , Purnomo Sutrimo , Muflihah Muflihah , Wijayanti Desi
Published: September 2022

The study aims to describe a value education model in teaching the integration of science and religion and to find out the values generated in the learning process of the integration of science and religion. Education is a major factor in shaping the human personality through the learning process that takes place in schools and in society. These educational goals can be done by providing scientific and religious materials to create the potential of students. Indeed, religious values will guide science and technology that are increasingly developing in the world. Therefore, the integration of science and religion in schools is very important to be taught, so that both of sciences and religions balance each other. This qualitative-naturalistic research used interview, observation, and documentation as the data collection techniques. The results of this study show that (1) the integrative model will facilitate and make learning more meaningful and efficient, so that the teaching and learning process will produce integrated knowledge; (2) through the integration of science and religion, the learning process is more directed which can sharpen the mind; (3) the learning material combining science and religion is the main instrument for realizing learning objectives; (4) the learning strategy integrating science and religion has a good effect on student and teacher interactions during the learning process; (5) the values developed in the integration of science and religion are the value of belief in Allah, being religious, and intelligent.
Why in the Modern World the Future is Replaced by the Past: is History Coming Back?
Authors: Filyushkin A. I.
Published: September 2022

In the last two or three decades, there has been a progressive increase in interest in history. Scientists see the reasons for this in the political situation, the growth of nationalist sentiments, and “memory wars.” The article proposes a hypothesis according to which the causes of the origins of this phenomenon lie much deeper: in global changes in human culture related to ideas about time, changes in views on the role of the past, as well as the relationship between the past and the present and the possibility of predicting the future. History is being replaced by historical memory, the functionality of which lies mainly in the sphere of historical politics and social practices. Hence, the paradoxical nature of what is happening: the role of historical science is diminishing, and the role of historical knowledge is growing. The current information situation and total digitalization play a huge role here. Thanks to them, the past and the future turn into an “expanded present,” and historical knowledge becomes a giant palimpsest that is constantly being rewritten. Hence, the trend towards the repoliticization of history, calls for the restoration of its ethical component, its role as a “teacher of life,” the legal and ethical relevance of historical knowledge, which acts as an argument in the accusations and justifications of countries and peoples (this process is called the legitimization of history). The conjuncture for the sake of “correct” modern politics is no longer considered a discrediting circumstance for historians. On the contrary, historians are charged with the duty to act as judges or lawyers at the trial of descendants over the past. All these trends, in the context of the end of the temporal regime of modernity and universal digitalization, lead to the blurring of the distance between the past and the present and the transformation of history into an “expanded present,” because it is the goals and objectives of the present that determine the endless revision of the past, rewriting history. This conclusion is important for understanding the ongoing processes. The modern growth of retrotopia, the changing role of historical knowledge, the trend towards the repoliticization and rehabilitation of the presentism is not a negative political conjuncture that can be corrected nor can its onset be contained. This is the result of global trends in the field of culture in the broadest sense of the word. Ultimately, they can lead to the rebirth of historical science and historical knowledge into a new meta-system that differs from the role of the history of the modern era that is familiar to us.
A Comprehensive Review on Catharanthus roseus L. (G.) Don: Clinical Pharmacology, Ethnopharmacology and Phytochemistry
Authors: Chaturvedi Varunesh , Goyal Saloni , Mukim Mohammad , Meghani Monika , Patwekar Faheem , Patwekar Mohsina , Khan Shabana Kausar , Sharma G.N.
Published: September 2022

Catharanthus roseus is a beautiful flowering perennial herb which is always in bloom as ornamental plant. It is known as Madagascar periwinkle. This plant characterized as terpenoids indole alkaloid producing plant cultivated in warm region. Besides alkaloid it is rich in phenolic compounds, organic acids and amino acid of pharmacological significance in its different parts. Traditionally, this herbal plant is boon to provide protective action for many deadly health problems being faced by humans by their direct or indirect usage in skin disease, high blood pressure, rheumatism, menstrual disorders, indigestion etc. But nowadays, transition to modern and formulated treatment has been increased. Alkaloid vincristine, vinblastine, vinflunine, vinorelbine and vindesine are clinically approved for treatment regimen. Its pharmacological actions are ranging from antimicrobial to anti-neoplastic which are discussed to understand the health promoting properties. Catharanthus roseus is a nontoxic traditional medicinal plant but its semi-finished and finished products are prone to certain kind of toxic effects. Major anticancer drugs isolated from C. Roseus are Oncovin and Velban marketed world widely in millions of tons. This article provides evidence for clinical effectiveness and toxicity of approved phytoconstituents which is relevant for safety evaluation of various folksier and pharmacological activities.
Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using an Analytic Hierarchy Process Model Based on Remote Sensing and GIS Approaches in Akre District, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Fatah Kaiwan K. , Mustafa Yaseen T. , Hassan Imaddadin O.
Published: September 2022

In recent decades, floods have been the most common, complex, and destructive natural calamities worldwide. Hence, for inclusive flood risk assessment, creating flood susceptibility mapping to demarcate flood-vulnerable zones is fundamental for decision makers. To assess flood-prone locations in the Akre, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, fundamental for susceptibility mapping was undertaken using geographic information systems, remote sensing, and an analytic hierarchy process model. To assess flood susceptibility, the geographic information systems framework used 15 ideal causative factors for flooding: altitude, slope, distance to streams, flow accumulation, drainage density, rainfall, soil type, lithology, curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), topographic roughness index stream power index, stream transport index, land use/land cover, and normalized difference vegetation index. The factors contributing to flooding were optimally weighted with respect to the proposed model. The final flood susceptibility map was reclassified into five different classes of susceptibility to flooding: very low (16.64% of the study area); low (19.53%); moderate (38.92%); high (17.83%); and very high (7.08%). The area under curve values for the predicted rate and success rate of the AHP model were 0.956 and 0.971, respectively. Therefore, the results were accurate and reliable. The AHP model is a powerful method for fundamental for susceptibility mapping to mitigate the serious impacts of flooding and assist scholars, local governments and policymakers in future master planning.
Assessing the Quality of Local Government Training on Small Medium Enterprises(SMEs) in the Implementation of Local Economic Development initiatives (LED) in Ghana
Authors:   Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China, Amoah Racheal
Published: September 2022

Emerging economies are increasingly pressurised to implement local economic development (LED) initiatives as an intervention strategy for sustainability. Prior studies have underscored the significant achievement of first-world countries after embracing LED initiatives such as rapid job creation, poverty reduction, and money generation. This study presents and analyses the quality of MMDAs training on SMEs in implementing local economic development (LED) initiatives in Ghana’s Ga West and Kpando Municipalities. This study adopted a case study research design using a quantitative approach to assess the quality of local government training programmes for SMEs implementing LED in the Ga West and the Kpando Municipalities. Three hundred and thirty-one (331) SMEs were used for the study. The study found that most SMEs have knowledge of business-related training programmes available at the Municipalities and have also benefited from these training programmes. The available training programmes included capacity building, Record/Bookkeeping, Safety/Health and Environmental management training, among others. However, some of these training programmes did not meet the SMEs’ training needs, while others did not know this. Finally, the paper provided recommendations to improve how training policies.