bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visceral adiposity index performed better than traditional adiposity indicators in predicting unhealthy metabolic phenotype among Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Dong Yangyang , Bai Ling , Cai Rongrong , Zhou Jinyu , Ding Wenqing
Published: December 2021

The relationship between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and unhealthy metabolic phenotype remained unclear in children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate their association and compared the ability of VAI and traditional adiposity indicators (body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio) to predict metabolically unhealthy phenotype among normal-weight, overweight and obese children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, 1722 children and adolescents aged 12–18 years were selected by cluster random sampling, underwent a questionnaire survey, physical examination and biochemical tests. Participants were divided into four phenotypes according to the combination of the weight status determined by body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome components. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to compare the predictive capacity between VAI and traditional adiposity indicators and their relationship with metabolically unhealthy phenotype. We found that VAI had better performance in predicting metabolically unhealthy phenotype than traditional adiposity indicators, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) were 0.808 and 0.763 for boys and girls with normal-weight, 0.829 and 0.816 for boys and girls with overweight and obese (all P < 0.001). VAI was most strongly related to metabolically unhealthy phenotype whether or not to adjust the age, the adjusted OR and 95%CI was 6.15 (4.13–9.14) in boys with normal weight, and 5.90 (3.06–11.36), 4.95 (2.35–10.41) in boys and girls with overweight and obese, respectively (all P < 0.001). Our findings suggested VAI could be used as a comprehensive predictor to identify unhealthy metabolic phenotype in children and adolescents.
Multipopulational transcriptome analysis of post-weaned beef cattle at arrival further validates candidate biomarkers for predicting clinical bovine respiratory disease
Authors: Scott Matthew A. , Woolums Amelia R. , Swiderski Cyprianna E. , Perkins Andy D. , Nanduri Bindu , Smith David R. , Karisch Brandi B. , Epperson William B. , Blanton John R.
Published: December 2021

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains the leading infectious disease in post-weaned beef cattle. The objective of this investigation was to contrast the at-arrival blood transcriptomes from cattle derived from two distinct populations that developed BRD in the 28 days following arrival versus cattle that did not. Forty-eight blood samples from two populations were selected for mRNA sequencing based on even distribution of development (n = 24) or lack of (n = 24) clinical BRD within 28 days following arrival; cattle which developed BRD were further stratified into BRD severity cohorts based on frequency of antimicrobial treatment: treated once (treated_1) or treated twice or more and/or died (treated_2+). Sequenced reads (~ 50 M/sample, 150 bp paired-end) were aligned to the ARS-UCD1.2 bovine genome assembly. One hundred and thirty-two unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between groups stratified by disease severity (healthy, n = 24; treated_1, n = 13; treated_2+, n = 11) with edgeR (FDR ≤ 0.05). Differentially expressed genes in treated_1 relative to both healthy and treated_2+ were predicted to increase neutrophil activation, cellular cornification/keratinization, and antimicrobial peptide production. Differentially expressed genes in treated_2+ relative to both healthy and treated_1 were predicted to increase alternative complement activation, decrease leukocyte activity, and increase nitric oxide production. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves generated from expression data for six DEGs identified in our current and previous studies (MARCO, CFB, MCF2L, ALOX15, LOC100335828(akaCD200R1),andSLC18A2) demonstrated good-to-excellent (AUC: 0.800–0.899; ≥ 0.900) predictability for classifying disease occurrence and severity. This investigation identifies candidate biomarkers and functional mechanisms in at arrival blood that predicted development and severity of BRD.
Cy3-ATP labeling of unfixed, permeabilized mouse hair cells
Authors: Pacentine Itallia V. , Barr-Gillespie Peter G.
Published: December 2021

ATP-utilizing enzymes play key roles in hair bundles, the mechanically sensitive organelles of sensory hair cells in the inner ear. We used a fluorescent ATP analog, EDA-ATP-Cy3 (Cy3-ATP), to label ATP-binding proteins in two different preparations of unfixed hair-cell stereocilia of the mouse. In the first preparation, we lightly permeabilized dissected cochleas, then labeled them with Cy3-ATP. Hair cells and their stereocilia remained intact, and stereocilia tips in rows 1 and 2 were labeled particularly strongly with Cy3-ATP. In many cases, vanadate (Vi) traps nucleotides at the active site of myosin isoforms and presents nucleotide dissociation. Co-application with Vi enhanced the tip labeling, which is consistent with myosin isoforms being responsible. By contrast, the actin polymerization inhibitors latrunculin A and cytochalasin D had no effect, suggesting that actin turnover at stereocilia tips was not involved. Cy3-ATP labeling was substantially reduced—but did not disappear altogether—in mutant cochleas lacking MYO15A; by contrast, labeling remained robust in cochleas lacking MYO7A. In the second preparation, used to quantify Cy3-ATP labeling, we labeled vestibular stereocilia that had been adsorbed to glass, which demonstrated that tip labeling was higher in longer stereocilia. We found that tip signal was reduced by ~ 50% in Myo15ash2/sh2 stereocilia as compared to Myo15ash2/+stereocilia. These results suggest that MYO15A accounts for a substantial fraction of the Cy3-ATP tip labeling in vestibular hair cells, and so this novel preparation could be utilized to examine the control of MYO15A ATPase activity in situ.
Client Service Receipt Inventory as a standardised tool for measurement of socio-economic costs in the rare genetic disease population (CSRI-Ra)
Authors: Chung Claudia C. Y. , Fung Jasmine L. F. , Lui Adrian C. Y. , Chan Marcus C. Y. , Ng Yvette N. C. , Wong Wilfred H. S. , Lee So Lun , Knapp Martin , Chung Brian H. Y.
Published: December 2021

The measurement of costs is fundamental in healthcare decision-making, but it is often challenging. In particular, standardised methods have not been developed in the rare genetic disease population. A reliable and valid tool is critical for research to be locally meaningful yet internationally comparable. Herein, we sought to develop, contextualise, translate, and validate the Client Service Receipt Inventory for the RAre disease population (CSRI-Ra) to be used in cost-of-illness studies and economic evaluations for healthcare planning. Through expert panel discussions and focus group meetings involving 17 rare disease patients, carers, and healthcare and social care professionals from Hong Kong, we have developed the CSRI-Ra. Rounds of forward and backward translations were performed by bilingual researchers, and face validity and semantic equivalence were achieved through interviews and telephone communications with focus group participants and an additional of 13 healthcare professional and university students. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess criterion validity between CSRI-Ra and electronic patient record in a sample of 94 rare disease patients and carers, with overall ICC being 0.69 (95% CI 0.56–0.78), indicating moderate to good agreement. Following rounds of revision in the development, contextualisation, translation, and validation stages, the CSRI-Ra is ready for use in empirical research. The CSRI-Ra provides a sufficiently standardised yet adaptable method for collecting socio-economic data related to rare genetic diseases. This is important for near-term and long-term monitoring of the resource consequences of rare diseases, and it provides a tool for use in economic evaluations in the future, thereby helping to inform planning for efficient and effective healthcare. Adaptation of the CSRI-Ra to other populations would facilitate international research.
Intercellular interactions between mast cells and stromal fibroblasts obtained from canine cutaneous mast cell tumours
Authors: Pulz Lidia H. , Cordeiro Yonara G. , Huete Greice C. , Cadrobbi Karine G. , Rochetti Arina L. , Xavier Pedro L. P. , Nishiya Adriana Tomoko , de Freitas Silvio Henrique , Fukumasu Heidge , Strefezzi Ricardo F.
Published: December 2021

Mast cell tumours (MCTs) are the most frequent malignant skin neoplasm in dogs. Due to the difficulty in purifying large numbers of canine neoplastic mast cells, relatively little is known about their properties. A reproducible in vitro model is needed to increase the understanding about the phenotype and functional properties of neoplastic mast cells. In the present study, we describe the establishment of primary cocultures of neoplastic mast cells from canine cutaneous MCTs and cancer-associated fibroblasts. We confirmed the inability of canine neoplastic mast cells to remain viable for long periods in vitro without the addition of growth factors or in vivo passages in mice. Using a transwell system, we observed that mast cell viability was significantly higher when there is cell-to-cell contact in comparison to non-physical contact conditions and that mast cell viability was significantly higher in high-grade than in low-grade derived primary cultures. Moreover, the use of conditioned medium from co-cultured cells led to a significantly higher tumoral mast cell viability when in monoculture. Signalling mechanisms involved in these interactions might be attractive therapeutic targets to block canine MCT progression and deserve more in-depth investigations.
Metabolic profiling reveals nutrient preferences during carbon utilization in Bacillus species
Authors: Chang James D. , Vaughan Ellen E. , Liu Carmen Gu , Jelinski Joseph W. , Terwilliger Austen L. , Maresso Anthony W.
Published: December 2021

The genus Bacillus includes species with diverse natural histories, including free-living nonpathogenic heterotrophs such as B. subtilis and host-dependent pathogens such as B. anthracis (the etiological agent of the disease anthrax) and B. cereus, a cause of food poisoning. Although highly similar genotypically, the ecological niches of these three species are mutually exclusive, which raises the untested hypothesis that their metabolism has speciated along a nutritional tract. Here, we developed a pipeline for quantitative total assessment of the use of diverse sources of carbon for general metabolism to better appreciate the “culinary preferences” of three distinct Bacillus species, as well as related Staphylococcus aureus. We show that each species has widely varying metabolic ability to utilize diverse sources of carbon that correlated to their ecological niches. This approach was applied to the growth and survival of B. anthracis in a blood-like environment and find metabolism shifts from sugar to amino acids as the preferred source of energy. Finally, various nutrients in broth and host-like environments are identified that may promote or interfere with bacterial metabolism during infection.
Prediction of glaucoma severity using parameters from the electroretinogram
Authors: Sarossy Marc , Crowston Jonathan , Kumar Dinesh , Weymouth Anne , Wu Zhichao
Published: December 2021

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that results in the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which are known to exhibit functional changes prior to cell loss. The electroretinogram (ERG) is a method that enables an objective assessment of retinal function, and the photopic negative response (PhNR) has conventionally been used to provide a measure of RGC function. This study sought to examine if additional parameters from the ERG (amplitudes of the a-, b-, i-wave, as well the trough between the b- and i-wave), a multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS; a non-linear) model and achromatic stimuli could better predict glaucoma severity in 103 eyes of 55 individuals with glaucoma. Glaucoma severity was determined using standard automated perimetry and optical coherence tomography imaging. ERGs targeting the PhNR were recorded with a chromatic (red-on-blue) and achromatic (white-on-white) stimulus with the same luminance. Linear and MARS models were fitted to predict glaucoma severity using the PhNR only or all ERG markers, derived from chromatic and achromatic stimuli. Use of all ERG markers predicted glaucoma severity significantly better than the PhNR alone (P ≤ 0.02), and the MARS performed better than linear models when using all markers (P = 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the achromatic and chromatic stimulus models. This study shows that there is more information present in the photopic ERG beyond the conventional PhNR measure in characterizing RGC function.
Electron quantum path control in high harmonic generation via chirp variation of strong laser pulses
Authors: Petrakis S. , Bakarezos M. , Tatarakis M. , Benis E. P. , Papadogiannis N. A.
Published: December 2021

The quantum phases of the electron paths driven by an ultrafast laser in high harmonic generation in an atomic gas depends linearly on the instantaneous cycle-averaged laser intensity. Using high laser intensities, a complete single ionisation of the atomic gas may occur before the laser pulse peak. Therefore, high harmonic generation could be localised only in a temporal window at the leading edge of laser pulse envelope. Varying the laser frequency chirp of an intense ultrafast laser pulse, the centre, and the width of the temporal window, that the high harmonic generation phenomenon occurs, could be controlled with high accuracy. This way, both the duration and the phase of the electron trajectories, that generate efficiently high harmonics, is fully controlled. A method of spectral control and selection of the high harmonic extreme ultraviolet light from distinct quantum paths is experimentally demonstrated. Furthermore, a phenomenological numerical model enlightens the physical processes that take place. This novel approach of the electron quantum path selection via laser chirp is a simple and versatile way of controlling the time-spectral characteristics of the coherent extreme ultraviolet light with applications in the fields of attosecond pulses and soft x-ray nano-imaging.
Development and validation of a new scoring system for prognostic prediction of community-acquired pneumonia in older adults
Authors: Shirata Masahiro , Ito Isao , Ishida Tadashi , Tachibana Hiromasa , Tanabe Naoya , Konishi Satoshi , Oi Issei , Hamao Nobuyoshi , Nishioka Kensuke , Matsumoto Hisako , Yasutomo Yoshiro , Kadowaki Seizo , Ohnishi Hisashi , Tomioka Hiromi , Nishimura Takashi , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Nakagawa Atsushi , Hirai Toyohiro
Published: December 2021

The discriminative power of CURB-65 for mortality in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is suspected to decrease with age. However, a useful prognostic prediction model for older patients with CAP has not been established. This study aimed to develop and validate a new scoring system for predicting mortality in older patients with CAP. We recruited two prospective cohorts including patients aged ≥ 65 years and hospitalized with CAP. In the derivation (n = 872) and validation cohorts (n = 1,158), the average age was 82.0 and 80.6 years and the 30-day mortality rate was 7.6% (n = 66) and 7.4% (n = 86), respectively. A new scoring system was developed based on factors associated with 30-day mortality, identified by multivariate analysis in the derivation cohort. This scoring system named CHUBA comprised five variables: confusion, hypoxemia (SpO2 ≤ 90% or PaO2 ≤ 60 mmHg), blood urea nitrogen ≥ 30 mg/dL, bedridden state, and serum albumin level ≤ 3.0 g/dL. With regard to 30-day mortality, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CURB-65 and CHUBA was 0.672 (95% confidence interval, 0.607–0.732) and 0.809 (95% confidence interval, 0.751–0.856; P < 0.001), respectively. The effectiveness of CHUBA was statistically confirmed in the external validation cohort. In conclusion, a simpler novel scoring system, CHUBA, was established for predicting mortality in older patients with CAP.
Conceptual model of adding antibiotics to dialysate fluid during renal replacement therapy
Authors: Bartuseviciene Ieva , Vicka Vaidas , Vickiene Alvita , Tetianec Lidija , Dagys Marius , Ringaitiene Donata , Klimasauskas Andrius , Sipylaite Jurate
Published: December 2021

Studies have shown significant variability in antibiotic trough concentrations in critically ill patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT). The purpose of this study was to assess whether adding beta-lactam antibiotics to dialysate solution can maintain stable antibiotic concentrations during RRT in experimental conditions. A single compartment model reflecting the patient was constructed and connected to the RRT machine. Dialysate fluid was prepared in three different concentrations of meropenem (0 mg/L; 16 mg/L; 64 mg/L). For each dialysate concentration various combinations of dialysate and blood flow rates were tested by taking different samples. Meropenem concentration in all samples was calculated using spectrophotometry method. Constructed experimental model results suggest that decrease in blood meropenem concentration can be up to 35.6%. Moreover, experimental data showed that antibiotic loss during RRT can be minimized and stable plasma antibiotic concentration can be achieved with the use of a 16 mg/L Meropenem dialysate solution. Furthermore, increasing meropenem concentration up to 64 mg/L is associated with an increase antibiotic concentration up to 18.7–78.8%. Administration of antibiotics to dialysate solutions may be an effective method of ensuring a constant concentration of antibiotics in the blood of critically ill patients receiving RRT.
Lanthanum-based double perovskite nanoscale motifs as support media for the methanol oxidation reaction
Authors: McGuire Scott C. , Koenigsmann Christopher , Chou Chun Chieh , Tong Xiao , Wong Stanislaus S.
Published: December 2021

We have correlated the performance of double perovskite metal oxides as support media for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) with their intrinsic size, shape, and composition.
Traffic-derived magnetite pollution in soils along a highway on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Lin , Zhang Qinghua , Gui Juan , Zhang Baijuan , Yang Hang , Lu Dawei , Chen Zigu , Liu Qian , Li Zongxing , Jiang Guibin
Published: December 2021

Remarkably high levels of magnetite nanoparticle pollution derived from traffic in the roadside environment represent a significant health risk factor.
Atomic-scale characterization of structural heterogeny in 2D TMD layers
Authors: Li Hao , Yoo Changhyeon , Ko Tae-Jun , Kim Jung Han , Jung Yeonwoong
Published: December 2021

Recent progress in atomic-scale TEM characterization of structural heterogeny in 2D TMD layers is overviewed. The prospects of visualization techniques are assessed toward atomic-scale identification and manipulation of defects and heterointerfaces.
The application of C–H bond functionalization in the total syntheses of indole natural products
Authors: Tan Dong-Xing , Han Fu-She
Published: December 2021

The recent advances in total synthesis of indole natural products focusing on the application of C–H bond functionalization are summarized.
Recent trends in dehydroxylative trifluoro-methylation, -methoxylation, -methylthiolation, and -methylselenylation of alcohols
Authors: Cao Yan , Ahmadi Roya , Poor Heravi Mohammad Reza , Issakhov Alibek , Ebadi Abdol Ghaffar , Vessally Esmail
Published: December 2021

This review studies on the direct dehydroxylative trifluoromethylation, trifluoromethoxylation, trifluoromethylthiolation, and trifluoromethylselenylation of alcohols.
Bis-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes with terpyridine analogues: syntheses, structures, spectroscopy and computational studies
Authors: Otaif Haleema Y. , Adams Samuel J. , Horton Peter N. , Coles Simon J. , Beames Joseph M. , Pope Simon J. A.
Published: December 2021

Bis-terdentate Ir(iii) complexes incorporate two cyclometalated N^N^C bis-quinoxalinyl type ligands derived from the condensation of 2,6-bis(bromoacetyl)pyridine and different o-phenylenediamines.
Immobilization of glucose oxidase on bioinspired polyphenol coatings as a high-throughput glucose assay platform
Authors: Sunoqrot Suhair , Al-Hadid Amani , Manasrah Ahmad , Khnouf Ruba , Hasan Ibrahim Lina
Published: December 2021

Glucose oxidase was immobilized on conventional multi-well plates via bioinspired polyphenol chemistry for convenient colorimetric quantitation of glucose.
Design, synthesis, docking study and anticancer evaluation of new trimethoxyphenyl pyridine derivatives as tubulin inhibitors and apoptosis inducers
Authors: Hagras Mohamed , Mandour Asmaa A. , Mohamed Esraa A. , Elkaeed Eslam B. , Gobaara Ibrahim M. M. , Mehany Ahmed B. M. , Ismail Nasser S. M. , Refaat Hanan M.
Published: December 2021

Interaction of compounds VI (IC50 = 8.92 nM) (A) and Vj (IC50 = 10.75 nM) (B) with key amino acids of CBS.
Adjusting the photovoltaic performance of big fused ring-based small molecules by tailoring with different modifications
Authors: Li Min , Xiao Manjun , Li Zuojia
Published: December 2021

Three novel A–D–A type small-molecule donor materials, with anthanthrene (AAN) as the electron-donating core, and thiophene as π-bridge units, have been designed and synthesized for application in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs).
DFT study on the adsorption of 5-fluorouracil on B40, B39M, and M@B40(M = Mg, Al, Si, Mn, Cu, Zn)
Authors: Zhang Li , Qi Zi-Dan , Ye Ya-Ling , Li Xiang-Hui , Chen Jing-Hua , Sun Wei-Ming
Published: December 2021

The adsorption of 5-fluorouracil on B40and its derivatives has been theoretically studied to provide some implications for the potential application of B40in drug delivery.
Where in the world are condensed counterions?
Authors: Tang Qishun , Rubinstein Michael
Published: December 2021

A scaling model of the concentration profiles of both condensed and free counterions is presented for solutions of spherical and cylindrical charged nanoparticles of different charge valences, nanoparticle sizes, and salt concentrations.
Reducing sputter induced stress and damage for efficient perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: Liu Kong , Chen Bo , Yu Zhengshan J. , Wu Yulin , Huang Zhitao , Jia Xiaohao , Li Chao , Spronk Derrek , Wang Zhijie , Wang Zhanguo , Qu Shengchun , Holman Zachary C. , Huang Jinsong
Published: December 2021

The mechanisms of sputter induced stress and damage in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells were investigated for optimizing buffer layer materials and transparent conductive oxides. A high power conversion efficiency of 26.0% has been achieved.
Enhancing proton conductivity in Zr-MOFs through tuning metal cluster connectivity
Authors: Si Guang-Rui , Yang Fan , He Tao , Kong Xiang-Jing , Wu Wei , Li Tong-Chuan , Wang Kecheng , Li Jian-Rong
Published: December 2021

Improving proton conductivity in Zr-MOFs through enhancing metal cluster connectivity.
3D printing of a tough double-network hydrogel and its use as a scaffold to construct a tissue-like hydrogel composite
Authors: Du Cong , Hu Jian , Wu Xinyu , Shi Huimin , Yu Hai Chao , Qian Jin , Yin Jun , Gao Changyou , Wu Zi Liang , Zheng Qiang
Published: December 2021

3D printed tough hydrogel constructs with high fidelity and stability are prepared by extrusion-based printing and further used as scaffolds filled with a cell-laden soft gel to develop a tissue-like hydrogel composite.
MFC-driven H2S electro-oxidation based on Fe nanoparticles anchored on carbon aerogel-ZIF-8: a combined experimental and DFT study
Authors: Sanaei Daryoush , Massoudinejad Mohamadreza , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Zarandi Saeed Motesaddi , Rezaee Abbas , Sharifan Hamidreza , Imran Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Experimental and theoretical studies were conducted to optimize H2S oxidation by fabricating core–shell isolated Fe sites confined in a CA-ZIF-8@M-MOF.
Opportunities for early-career researchers to engage with science policy through the Biochemical Society
Authors: Carpenter Byron
Published: December 2021

Science policy can be broadly defined as a two-way dialogue between science-related sectors and government. It involves the exchange of scientific findings and opinions with policy makers to inform the decision-making process, as well as the scrutinization of legislation around science-related topics to ensure it is based on sound evidence. Science policy covers a variety of issues, including research, education, funding, ethics, public health and equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI).
LRRK2 signaling in neurodegeneration: two decades of progress
Authors: Iannotta Lucia , Greggio Elisa
Published: December 2021

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a complex GTPase/kinase orchestrating cytoskeletal dynamics and multiple steps of the endolysosomal pathway through interaction with a host of partners and phosphorylation of a subset of Rab GTPases. Mutations in LRRK2 cause late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD) and common variants in the locus containing LRRK2 have been associated with sporadic PD, progressive supranuclear palsy as well as a number of inflammatory diseases. This review encompasses the major discoveries in the field of LRRK2 pathobiology, from the initial gene cloning to the latest progress in LRRK2 inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach to fight neurodegeneration.
Vesicular dysfunction and pathways to neurodegeneration
Authors: Lewis Patrick A.
Published: December 2021

Cellular control of vesicle biology and trafficking is critical for cell viability, with disruption of these pathways within the cells of the central nervous system resulting in neurodegeneration and disease. The past two decades have provided important insights into both the genetic and biological links between vesicle trafficking and neurodegeneration. In this essay, the pathways that have emerged as being critical for neuronal survival in the human brain will be discussed – illustrating the diversity of proteins and cellular events with three molecular case studies drawn from different neurological diseases.
A novel W1,∞ approach to shape optimisation with Lipschitz domains
Authors: Deckelnick Klaus , Herbert Philip J. , Hinze Michael
Published: December 2021

This article introduces a novel method for the implementation of shape optimisation with Lipschitz domains. We propose to use the shape derivative to determine deformation fields which represent steepest descent directions of the shape functional in the W1,∞-topology. The idea of our approach is demonstrated for shape optimisation of n-dimensional star-shaped domains, which we represent as functions defined on the unit (n − 1)-sphere. In this setting we provide the specific form of the shape derivative and prove the existence of solutions to the underlying shape optimisation problem. Moreover, we show the existence of a direction of steepest descent in the W1,∞− topology. We also note that shape optimisation in this context is closely related to the ∞−Laplacian, and to optimal transport, where we highlight the latter in the numerics section. We present several numerical experiments in two dimensions illustrating that our approach seems to be superior over a widely used Hilbert space method in the considered examples, in particular in developing optimised shapes with corners.
Ballaewako: community response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on local wisdom
Authors: Fatkul Fikri Ahmad , Maarif Syamsul , Ruswandi Dody , Haruming Tyas Titisari , Kharimah Islamia
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has entered a new phase with the discovery of new variants from several countries entering Indonesia. This epidemic is capable of destroying the joints of people's lives, such as health, education, politics, economics, social, culture, politics to the point of disrupting regional resilience. Various efforts have been made by the government in the context of dealing with COVID-19 which cannot be ascertained to end. This research has the aim of analyzing the other side of the COVID-19 pandemic in the form of local wisdom. This study uses descriptive qualitative data obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. The analytical technique used is the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model. The results of this study indicate that the local wisdom ofBalla Ewakohas the meaning of a tough house in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.Balla Ewakois a tough village program by the South Sulawesi Regional Police which later became a movement for the community in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic based on local wisdom. TheBalla Ewakoprogram has the goal of a strong village for health, food resilience. and security with direct community involvement.Balla Ewakohas proven to be effective in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic by mobilizing all elements of the grassroots community.
Pentahelix synergity natural and non-natural disaster management in Pidie Jaya District Aceh Province to support national security
Authors: Yulianto Sugeng , Bahar Fauzi , Pranoto Sugimin , Amirudin Aam
Published: December 2021

Geographically, Indonesia is located on disaster prone area. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions and non-natural disaster such as Covid-19 Pandemic often occur in various places in Indonesia including in Pidie Jaya, Aceh Province. These disasters have a big influence on many aspects of the socio-economic life of the affected communities. Managing disaster properly will reduce the risk so that it will provide security and resilience community that can anticipate all the impacts of disasters. Collaboration in the form of the Pentahelix Synergy concept involving elements of the Government, Society, Academics, and the Business Industries is one of the important aspect in disaster management. Furthemore, the mass media and the private sector will provide great energy to solve the problem during disaster. This paper discuss about the synergy of Pentahelix in dealing with natural and non-natural disasters in Pidie Jaya Regency, Aceh Province. The results will be useful as lesson learned to support National Security program in Indonesia.
Implementation of non-linear controller on photovoltaic maximum power point tracker for energy storage equipment charger
Authors: Hamid Muhammad Imran , Rajab Abdul , Pawawoi Andi , Chaniago Rezy
Published: December 2021

The portable energy storage system is an infrastructure for providing electrical energy needed to support the recovery process after a natural disaster. This system is a battery arrangement that can be recharged using locally available primary energy sources such as photovoltaic. The main problem in using photovoltaic as the power source for this equipment is to increase the efficiency of power extraction (energy harvesting) during the recharging process. Traditionally, to obtain maximum extraction conditions, conventional linear maximum power point tracker (MPPT) mechanisms such as PID-based MPPT and the like are used. However, if the PV and the storage system works at various locations with environmental conditions behave unusually, the conventional MPPT cannot work accurately and optimally. In this paper, the Fuzzy method for constructing a nonlinear controller-based MPPT was studied. The step size of the tracking process in the conventional MPPT P&O method is modified by involving the fuzzy algorithm. This algorithm then is applied to a DC-DC converter to test the performance criteria such as the response and efficiency of the resulting power extraction. The testing and computer simulations show that the conventional MPPT mechanism can provide prospective results through modification and application of a non-linear controller.
Modelling of coastal area management based on climate change adaptation in Bengkulu City
Authors: Eko Ardiyanto Muhammad , Romdhon M Mustopa , Reflis
Published: December 2021

Climate change has had an impact on the environment and society In Indonesia. Delay in adaptation efforts will result in direct and indirect economic losses in 2100 of 2.5% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Climate change indicators such as surface temperature, rainfall (CH), sea surface temperature (SPL), sea level (TML), extreme climate events (ENSO, IOD/DMI, PIO/IPO), and extreme weather events (heavy rains, strong winds), and storm surges) will have potential impacts on related fields in the national development system, both in terms of economy, livelihoods, ecosystems, and special areas. Another impact is the increasing frequency of hydrometereological disasters. This study focuses on the vulnerability of coastal areas using multiple decision-making methods and geographic information systems and remote sensing. The relationship between demography and climate change is carried out through literature review and observation. Observations were made in 19 sub-districts An appropriate strategy is needed to adapt to vulnerabilities, especially in coastal areas.
Understanding of subsurface conditions controlling flow liquefaction occurrence during the 2018 Palu earthquake based on resistivity profiles
Authors: Tohari Adrin , Dani Wardhana Dadan , Hanif Muhammad , Koizumi Keigo
Published: December 2021

The 7.4 Mw earthquake on 28th September 2018 in Palu City triggered a flow liquefaction phenomenon in the Balaroa and Petobo areas, contributing to significant casualties and building damage. This paper presents the results of a liquefaction study to map subsurface conditions in these areas using the multi-electrode resistivity method with the dipole-dipole configuration. The objective of this study is to understand factors controlling the flow liquefaction phenomenon. Based on the interpretation of 2-D resistivity images, the liquefied soil layers are characterized by lower resistivity values than the non-liquified layers. These contrasts of resistivity values form a gently sloping boundary between the liquefied and non-liquefied soil layers. The resistivity image perpendicular to the flow direction indicates the presence of a subsurface basinal morphology in the Balaroa area, suggesting that a shallow groundwater zone is present within the liquefiable soil layer. Thus, the subsurface topographical condition is the main governing factor of flow liquefaction phenomena during the 2018 Palu earthquake.
Local wisdom of coastal communities in mitigating earthquake disaster risk reduction
Authors: Febri Wialdi Putri , Putera Roni Ekha , Kusdarini  , Ariany Ria , Valentina Tengku Rika , Dermawan Rifki
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe how the application of the mitigation of earthquakes for coastal communities by indigenous communities coast of Padang. This study uses interviews and literature. The reduction is one of the measures for reducing disaster risks through physical development as well as awareness and increase the capacity of communities to deal with the threat of disaster. Disaster management can be viewed from different angles, one of them with mitigation based on local wisdom (Local Wisdom) to reduce the risk of earthquakes. Mitigation models based on local knowledge are the study of disaster by using the approach of positivism, where the application can not be separated from social and cultural methods in facing disasters and use natural signs as an early warning system. West Sumatra is one of the provinces which are in an area prone to natural disasters earthquakes. Where several districts/cities in West Sumatra are located in the area will be exposed to the phenomenon of earthquake megathrust, one of Padang. Therefore, it needs improvement in disaster management in the face of disaster.
Lesson learn earthquake disaster in Pidie Jaya Aceh in 2016 to realize a disaster-resistant community
Authors: Rahman Najib , Heridadi  , Lasmono  , Imansyah Mulya , Bahar Fauzi
Published: December 2021

Indirectly, to protect and achieve prosperity, national security is needed as the freedom for the state, society, and citizens from all the threats. Natural disasters is one of non-military threat that is very real in the territory of the United State of the Republic of Indonesia. Casualties, economic, social, environmental damage, and psychological impacts caused by the disaster are real conditions occur as a result of this non-military threat. The geographical position allows the threat of natural disasters due to the movement of tectonic plates and volcanic activity. This is a natural process always occurs in the cycle of life on earth. After an earthquake 9,1 magnitude followed a giant tsunami wave that devastated the city of Banda Aceh on December 26, 2004, an earthquake 6,5 magnitude occurred again which rocked the Pidie Jaya Regency area, Aceh Province on Wednesday, December 7, 2016, at 05.03.36 am. This research aims to study the management disaster during Pidie earthquake especially in emergency response. The results of this research are to make the earthquake in Pidie Jaya District in 2016 as a Lesson Learned for all parties, especially in Pidie Jaya District and in general, for all Indonesian people to form disaster-resilient communities who have awareness of the potential disasters that will be faced to contribute to the condition of National Security.
Reconstruction post disaster responsive gender in West Sumatra
Authors: desfita Mediana , Djendrius
Published: December 2021

Indonesia is one of the very prone countries to disaster. The tsunami and earthquake disasters caused enormous damage to property and infrastructure as well as loss of life. An earthquake on September 30, 2009, measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale struck the west coast of Sumatra, causing loss of life and damage to infrastructure. There were around 1,115 people killed, 1,214 seriously injured and 1,688 people lightly injured. A comprehensive study of natural disaster management activities or systems should be used as learning materials to form a disaster management system. Disaster preparedness by minimizing vulnerability has been identified as a better approach to dealing with disasters than post-disaster response. Creating a culture of prevention is critical to dealing with everyday hazards and the consequences of disasters. The study is using data from a natural disaster in west Sumatra, and data from people who were involved in the process of reconstruction post disasters in west Sumatra. This study aims to obtain an accurate description of the reconstruction post-disaster and relation with responsive gender activities in West Sumatra, and identify how the gender effect on reconstruction post-disaster in the West Sumatra region.
Role of media in disaster preparedness: some case studies from calamity prone Odisha
Authors: Nahak Fakira Mohan
Published: December 2021

Odisha is a natural disaster prone state. Its geographical location contributes a lot for the disasters. The eastern Indian state has a 480 Kilometre long coastline. The Bay of Bengal which is the house of cyclonic storms is the major contributor for the calamities in the state. From time immemorial till today Odisha has been facing hundreds of calamities in the form of cyclones, floods and famines. It is a regular phenomenon that in the period of September to December every year Odisha faces varieties of cyclones. These affect human life, properties and agriculture to the maximum extent. After the super cyclone of 1999 the government became sensitive so also the media. In these two decades Odisha media has played a vital role in creating awareness about the disasters and helped people in displacement and rehabilitation. In recent pasts media helped the Government in reaching the “Zero Casualty” target. The role of media not only limited to this, even post-disasters it followed the condition of people and their lives. The researcher takes some case studies of different disasters and their handling by media. Also tries to find out the people’s perception about media in disaster preparedness and management.
Networks within networks: scaling response operations in the lightning complex fires in northern california, August 2020
Authors: Louise K. Comfort
Published: December 2021

Wildfire risk has increased dramatically in California over more than two decades, 2000 - 2021, reflecting the intense impact of climate change on the state’s environmental and ecological systems. Most urgent is the impact of wildfire at the wildland-urban-interface (WUI), and the challenge to prevent cascading disaster for regions connected via interdependent lifelines of transportation, communications, electrical power, water, sewer, and gas line distribution systems that characterize geographic regions. To what extent do large, multi-organizational, multi-jurisdictional networks of organizations learn from experience and adapt their performance in response to the dynamic conditions of an actual extreme event? This article identifies four types of networks operating in the 2020 Lightning Complex Wildfires in northern California and documents the rapid escalation of risk and costs based on a preliminary analysis of the 209 incident reports filed by California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CalFire) for the SCU Fire that engulfed large sections of five counties in the southeastern San Francisco Bay Region. The article concludes that Interagency Incident Management Networks provide essential intelligence to support local management of operations in the dynamic context of wildfire risk.
The capacity analysis of wide flange steel section as beam-column elements
Authors: Islam Mukhlis , Wahyuni Ade Sri , Anggara Jeirry
Published: December 2021

The design of the steel frame structure for beam, column, and beam-column elements usually takes several iterations to obtain optimum results that are safe, efficient, and economical. The problems that arise due to the number of iteration for the design process are the basis for this research. The research was conducted on 100 sections IWF and HCS which are consisted of 81 sections of IWF and 19 sections of HCS. The analysis was carried out regarding SNI 1729:2015. The results of this study are in the form of moment capacity graphs and tables of the axial capacity of steel sections as well as coefficients of m and U for beam-column design. Moment capacity graphs and tables of the axial capacity of IWF and HCS profiles produced could be used to reduce the number of iteration in designing safe and efficient steel profiles as beam, column, and beam-column elements. Analysis results show that the usage of the graphs and tables for the beam-column design process will reduce the number of iteration needed.
Finite element modelling of monotonic pull-out test of deformed steel rebar embedded in well-confined concrete
Authors: Kusumaningrum Patria , Prayogo Gigih Muslim , Tudjono Sri
Published: December 2021

A finite element study carried out using LS DYNA and aimed to simulate the monotonic pull-out test of deformed steel rebar embedded in concrete is presented in this paper. Three models of the interface between deformed steel rebar and well-confined concrete, i.e. perfect bond model and two bond-slip models are observed and compared. Bond stress-slip response and rebar stress-slip response obtained numerically are validated with experimental data and empirical equations available from the literature. The full bond model overestimates the response, providing higher rebar stress. In the bond-slip models, good agreement is observed between numerical and experimental bond stress and rebar Stress–slip responses. The empirical equation of bond-slip proposed by Murcia-Delso and Shing (2014) is found to overestimate the peak bond stress.
Mitigation of traffic disaster by analyzing motorist’s movement behavior based on an image captured by a drone
Authors: Yosritzal  , Purnawan  , Lovita Merry , Dissanayake Dilum
Published: December 2021

Uncontrolled motorists’ movement behavior could trigger a disaster for road users. A deep understanding of the motorist’s movement behavior might improve our mitigation planning. This paper presents an observation of the movement of motorists from a minor road crossing a major road at an unsignalised intersection. The study’s objectives are to estimate the gap and lag of motorcyclists when crossing the intersection, observe the forced gap, and predict the effect of traffic volume on the variation of the gap and lag. The case study was located at the intersection between Ahmad Yani Road as a major road and Bandar Purus Road as a minor road in Padang, Indonesia. A drone was used and placed vertically above the center of the intersection to record the movement. The study found that the average lag is 2.4 seconds at off-peak, and the average gap is 4.3 seconds; at the peak hour are 2.0 seconds and 3.1 seconds, respectively. At peak hours, more than 80% of motorcyclists are committed to the force gap/lag.
Collaborative determination of flood shelter and evacuation route in a flooded area in Rumbai Subdistrict, Pekanbaru
Authors: Sujatmoko Bambang , Fernando Rangga , Hendri Andy
Published: December 2021

Floods in Pekanbaru City have often hit the region along the Siak river, including the Rumbai subdistrict. Disasters such as floods have detrimental impacts on society, including a massive loss of lives. However, several strategies can minimize the impacts of flooding, including making a plan evacuation route mapping with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This is a planning-based analysis of data using the algorithm djikstra for result pathways for efficient and effective evacuation. The evacuation routes involve seven simulation parameter modeling, specifically flood, length path, wide roads, road conditions, road materials, presence or absence of bridges, and the road’s direction. These parameters are processed using algoritma djikstra to generate the appropriate evacuation routes based on study area conditions. The analysis focuses on one evacuation route in Palas and the other six in Sri Meranti Village. The routes in Palas Village lead to the evacuation place of the Al-Jihad Mosque, while those in Sri Meranti Village heads to Al-Ikhlas Mosque, MDA Aula Rumbai, Nurul Haq Mosque, M Nurul Mosque, vacant land, and Stadium Parking Area.
Assessment of tsunami evacuation road performance
Authors: Yossyafra  , Fitri Nurhuda , Purnama Sidhi Rahmat , Marlinda
Published: December 2021

A series of disasters, from the 2004 Aceh Tsunami to the 2009 Padang Earthquake, has changed the paradigm of urban development in coastal areas in Indonesia. District or City Regional Regulations concerning Regional Spatial Planning finally oblige disaster mitigation by constructing evacuation roads. The attraction of the Tsunami Evacuation Road (TES) which was built with a relatively wide size in the city, makes the road a favourite route for motorists. The increased vehicular traffic also triggered the addition of the number of new commercial buildings along the road. The Indonesian Road Capacity Manual 1997 for urban roads is used as a reference in the analysis of the service performance of these road sections. The relatively rapid increase in traffic volume and side-road disturbances have resulted in a relative decline in road performance in a short period. The active role of the government in minimizing body side disturbances, by maximizing the implementation of traffic management and control of land-use changes are options.