bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Taxonomy of Genus Favia (Oken, 1815) at the Reef Flats of Kampung Ambong Village in Likupang Timur District, Minahasa Utara
Authors: Reskiwati . , Lalamentik Laurentius X. T. , Rembet Unstain N. W. J
Published: July 2019

Coral reefs in the world occupy around 250.000 km2 of coastal areas and provide habitats for approximately 25 % of marine species.  Reefs are usually reognise as marine rain forest (Knowlton et al., 2010 in Andi Haerul, 2014).  Indonesia has a high level of hard corals diversity, and, at least 80 genera consist of 74 % of 800 coral spesies of the world could be found here.Favia (Oken, 1815) is one genus of Faviidae.  Faviidae is one of the largest coral family, after Acroporidae.  Coral species of Faviidae live in a colony. Generally, the main characteristic of Favia has plocoid shape corallite. Data collection has been conducted on reef flats of Kampung ambong Village in Likupang Timur District of Minahasa Utara Regency. Visual survey method was done at 3 – 5 meters depths during high tide rising. This research was focused on genus Favia (Oken, 1815) of Faviidae family.Five species of hard corals of genus Favia were founded in this study,i.e Favia speciosa (Dana, 1846), Favia favus (Forskål, 1775), Favia truncatus (Veron, 2000), Favia pallida (Dana, 1846) dan Favia matthaii (Vaughan, 1918). These species have similar characteristics in some parts, i.e septum, corallite form and corralite diameter.Keywords: Taxonomy, Hard Coral, Favia (Oken, 1815) ABSTRAK      Terumbu karang di dunia memiliki luas sekitar 250.000 km2 dan merupakan tempat tinggal bagi 25% spesies laut sehingga terumbu karang disebut juga rain forest laut (Knowlton et al. 2010 dalam Andi Haerul, 2014). Indonesia memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman spesies karang yang tinggi yaitu kurang lebih 80 genera meliputi 74% dari 800 spesies yang ada di dunia.Karang Favia (Oken, 1815) merupakan salah satu genus dari famili karang Faviidae yang menjadi salah satu famili terbesar setelah Acroporidae. Spesies dari famili Faviidae hidup secara berkoloni. Ciri-ciri umum dari genus ini adalah bentuk koralit plocoid. Pengambilan data dilakukan di Desa Kampung Ambong Kecamatan Likupang Timur, Minahasa Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei jelajah pada kedalaman 3-5 meter pada saat terjadi pasang naik. Karang yang diamati adalah famili Faviidae, genus Favia (Oken, 1815).Pada penelitian ini ditemukan lima spesies karang genus Favia, yaitu Favia speciosa (Dana, 1846), Favia favus (Forskål, 1775), Favia truncatus (Veron, 2000), Favia pallida (Dana, 1846) dan Favia matthaii (Vaughan, 1918). Spesies ini memiliki karakteristik yang hampir mirip pada beberapa bagian seperti septa, bentuk koralit, serta diameter koralit.Kata Kunci: Taksonomi, Karang Batu, Favia (Oken, 1815)
Foraminifera On The Beach Of Malalayang Dua
Authors: Billy Petrick , Mamuaja Jane M. , Rampengan Royke M. , Ompi Medy , Opa Esry T. , Mudeng Joppy
Published: July 2019

Beach as one on the landform that reflects the work of hydro-oceanographic factors, generally in the form of loose sedimentary material. Loose sediment is a collection of organic and inorganic particles that accumulate widely and are irregular in shape. One example of organism in marine waters that contributes to the availability of organic particles in the beach landform is foraminifera. Foraminifera is a single-celled organism that has the ability to form shells from substances of CaCO3 which originate from itself or from the surrounding environment. This study was aimed to classify physical sediments on the Malalayang Dua beach according to the points of sediment sampling, and see how the composition of foraminifera in the beach area and analyze the presence of foraminifera in relation to the granulometry of beach sediments. From the result of the study, it is found that the composition of grain size of sediment on the beach of Malalayang Dua is different, in stasion 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B the sediment were mostly composed by fine grains while in station 3A and 3B were of coarse-grained sediment. A number of a species of foraminifera (dead test) was found in the study, and the number of tests was highes in fine sediments compared to coarse sediment.Keywords : Beach Landform, Malalayang Dua Coast, Foraminifera ABSTRAKGisik sebagai salah satu bentuklahan yang merefleksikan kerja faktor-faktor hidro-oseanografi, umumnya berwujud material sedimen lepas. Sedimen lepas adalah kumpulan partikel organik dan anorganik yang terakumulasi secara luas dan bentuknya tidak beraturan. Salah satu organisme di perairan laut yang berkontribusi terhadap ketersediaan partikel organik di gisik adalah foraminifera. Foraminifera merupakan organisme bersel tunggal yang mempunyai kemampuan membentuk cangkang dari zat-zat CaCO3yang berasal dari dirinya sendiri atau dari lingkungan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelompokkan sedimen gisik di pantai Malalayang Dua menurut titik-titik pengambilan sampel sedimen, dan melihat bagaimana komposisi foraminifera di kawasan gisik serta menganalisis keberadaan foraminifera dalam kaitannya dengan granulometri sedimen gisik. Dari hasil penelitian komposisi ukuran butir sedimen pada lahan gisik di pantai Malalayang Dua berbeda menurut stasiun yang ditetapkan, di ruang pantai ke arah Timur yaitu stasiun 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B komposisi sedimennya berukuran halus, sedangkan di ruang pantai ke arah Barat yaitu stasiun 3A dan 3B komposisi sedimennya berukuran kasar, komposisi sedimen di setiap stasiun gisik litoral dan sublitoral menampilkan adanya perbedaan tingkat kekasaran partikel sedimen. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan 9 cangkang foraminifera. Pada komposisi sedimen gisik yang berukuran halus ditemukan jumlah cangkang foraminifera yang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan gisik yang komposisi sedimen berukuran kasar.Kata kunci : Lahan Gisik, Pantai Malalalayang Dua, Foraminifera
The Identification Of Morphometric Characteristics And Fattenning Of Mud Crabs (Scylla spp.) In Para Island, Tatoareng District, Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province
Authors: Sasamu Aditya , Mingkid Winda M. , Monijung Revol D.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify the morphometric characters of mangrove crabs Scylla spp. and to grow them on the island of Para Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province. There were 2 types of crabs found during crab’s collection. However, the most abundant one was Scylla serrata while the olivacea is only one tail. The results of this study indicate that mangrove crabs that were kept for 2 weeks feed on trash fish three times a day experience growth. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: the type of crab found on Pulau Para, Tatoareng District, Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province were mostly S. serrata (34 tails) and one tail of S. olivacea. The fattening of mangrove crabs showed results on the body weight and carapace length.Further research on mangrove crabs needs to be done on different aspects such as preferable food and time of the abundancy.Keywords: Crab, Scylla spp., identification, fattening. ABSTRAK       Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi karakter morfometrik kepiting bakau Scylla spp dan cara penggemukannya di Pulau Para Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Dua jenis kepiting bakau ditemukan saat pengumpulan data, namun yang ditemukan paling banyak adalah Scylla serrata, sedangkan S. olivacea hanya 1 ekor saja.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kepiting bakau yang dipelihara selama 2 minggu dengan diberi pakan ikan rucah sebanyak tiga kali sehari mengalami pertumbuhan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: jenis kepiting yang ditemukan di Pulau Para Kecamatan Tatoareng Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe Provinsi Sulawesi Utara adalah Scylla serrata (34 ekor) dan S. olivacea (1 ekor). Penggemukan kepiting bakau dengan pakan ikan rucah tiga kali sehari menunjukan adanya pertumbuhan berat badan dan panjang lebar karapas.     Penelitian lanjutan tentang kepiting bakau perlu dilakukan untuk melihat berbagai aspek seperti makanan kesukaan dan waktu kelimpahanya.Kata kunci : Kepiting, Scylla spp, identifikasi, penggemukan.
Evaluation of the effect of probiotic bacteria on growth performance and survival rate of carp, Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Sumaraw Jeane T , Manoppo Henky , Tumbol Reiny A. , Rumengan I.F.M , Dien Henny A. , Sumilat Deiske A.
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research was to obtain probiotic bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of catfish Clarias batracus, to evaluate its effect on growth performances and survival rate of carp. After purified, the bacteria was identified through biochemical tests and selection was carried out through proteolytic, amylolytic, cellulolytic, tests as well as pathogenicity test. Probiotic candidate was administered orally to fish at different concentrations. The fish were fed for 30 days respectively as much as 3% of body weight per day with feeding frequency of two times a day. The results showed that addition of probiotics into feed significantly increased growth performance but not survival rate.Keywords: Probiotic, Clarias batracus,  growth performance, aquaculture. ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bakteri probiotik yang diisolasi dari saluran pencernaan ikan lele Clarias batracus, dan mengevaluasi pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup benih ikan mas. Bakteri probiotik diidentifikasi melalui uji biokimia dan seleksi dilakukan melalui proteolitik, amilolitik, tes selulolitik dan patogenisitas. Kandidat probiotik diberikan pada ikan secara oral dengan konsentrasi berbeda Pemberian pakan berprobiotik berlangsung selama 30 hari sebanyak  3% dari berat badan per hari dengan frekuensi pemberian dua kali sehari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan probiotik ke dalam pakan secara signifikan meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan namun tidak memengaruhi kelangsungan hidup benih ikan mas.Kata kunci : Probiotik, Clarias batracus, kinerja pertumbuhan, budidaya
Pengaruh jenis umpan terhadap hasil tangkapan rawai pancang di perairan Desa Bajo
Authors: Rumbewas Octavianus , Wenno Johny , Polii Janny F.
Published: July 2019

Rawai pancang adalah suatu alat penangkap ikan yang terdiri dari dua potong kayu pancang, dua utas tali sambung, dua buah kili-kili nomor 4, satu utas tali utama, 16 buah kili-kili nomor 7, dan 16 utas tali monofilament yang pada ujungnya diikat mata pancing nomor 15. Penelitian dilakukan dengan perlakuan berupa empat jenis umpan yang berasal dari irisan daging cumi (Sepia sp), ikan malalugis (Decapterus macarellus), ikan sardine (Amblygaster sp), dan ikan kebung (Rastrelliger sp) yang diacak. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriktif, didasarkan pada suatu studi kasus. Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan jenis umpan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap hasil tangkapan. Hasil uji Beda Nyata Terkecil menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan umpan cumi sangat lebih baik dari umpan-umpan lainnya.
Distribusi tangkapan pada jaring insang cendro di perairan pantai bagian timur Kabupaten Kepulauan Kepulauan Sangihe
Authors: Paransa Isrojaty J. , Faam Aminadab , Budiman Johnny
Published: July 2019

Ikan cendro (Tylosorus sp) termasuk salah satu sumberdaya ekonomis penting di Indonesia, yang menyebar di perairan Indonesia bagian Timur. Ikan ini termasuk ikan pelagis yang sulit ditangkap karena pergerakan sangat gesit, jarang tertangkap dengan jaring, umumnya tertangkap dengan pancing layang-layang.Namun, di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe khususnya di Desa Simueng nelayan menangkap ikan ini dengan menggunakan jaring insang yang dikenal dengan soma sako atau soma solong. Berdasarkan 10 trip penangkapan, pada lembaran pertama yang tertangkap adalah adalah 1542  ekor (38,88 %) dan lembar kedua sebanyak 2424 ekor (38,30 %), sedangkan lembar jaring ketiga adalah 905 ekor (22,81 %),. Indikasi ini menunjukkan bahwa ikan berusaha meloloskan diri dari bagian bawah jaring sementara ikan jenis ini dikenal sebagai ikan yang bergerombol di dekat permukaan air. Sebaiknya ada penelitian lanjut mengenai lebar maksimal jaring dalam keadaan tertata saat dioperasikan berdasarkan lembaran jaring.
Hubungan jenis pelumas dengan suhu mesin induk KM. Tuna Lestari 16
Authors: Massora Musthaqim , Kaparang Frangky E. , Pangalila Fransisco P.T.
Published: July 2019

Minyak pelumas adalah zat cair yang digunakan sebagai pelumas dalam suatu mesin untuk mengurangi keausan akibat gesekan, dan sebagai pendingin serta peredam suara, akan tetapi suhu yang tinggi pada mesin akan merusak daya lumas. Apabila daya lumas berkurang, maka gesekan akan bertambah dan selanjutnya panas yang timbul akan semakin banyak sehingga suhu terus meningkat. Berbagai jenis pelumas banyak dipasarkan. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian tentang hubungan jenis pelumas dengan suhu mesin untuk membandingkan jenis pelumas mana yang dapat mempertahankan suhu mesin dengan baik dengan mengggunakan 3 jenis pelumas yang berbeda pada sebuah mesin induk. Untuk jenis pelumas MS, suhu pada kepala silinder relatif stabil dengan tidak mengalami perubahan suhu yang signifikan, pada blok silinder suhu mengalami perubahan pada pertengahan waktu tetapi pada akhir pencatatan suhu blok silinder mengalami penurunan suhu dari awal 63°C ke 62°C sedangkan pada suhu minyak pelumas relatif stabil walaupun di jam ke-4 mengalami penaikan suhu sebanyak 4°C, tetapi di akhir pencatatan suhu kembali ke awal menjadi 50°C. Untuk pelumas jenis JD, suhu pada kepala silinder relatif naik turun walaupun di jam terakhir kembali pada suhu awal. Pada blok silinder suhu mengalami kenaikan suhu sampai di jam terakhir sedangkan pada suhu minyak pelumas relatif stabil walaupun di jam ke-4 mengalami penaikan suhu sebanyak 5°C tetapi di akhir pencatatan suhu kembali ke awal menjadi 55°C. Untuk jenis pelumas CS, suhu pada kepala silinder relatif stabil walupun mengalami kenaikan suhu pada jam ke-5 tetapi pada akhir pencatatan suhu kembali ke awal. Pada blok silinder suhu mengalami penurunan yang tidak terjadi pada dua jenis pelumas sebelumnya, sedangkan suhu minyak pelumas relatif stabil walaupun di jam ke-5 mengalami penaikan suhu sebanyak 4°C tetapi di akhir pencatatan suhu kembali ke awal menjadi 50°C.
Dinamika salinitas daerah penangkapan ikan di sekitar muara Sungai Malalayang, Teluk Manado, pada saat spring tide
Authors: Septiani Wahyu Dita , Kalangi Patrice N.I. , Luasunaung Alfret
Published: July 2019

Muara merupakan satu bagian dari wilayah pesisir yang mempunyai tingkat kesuburan yang tinggi. Pada wilayah ini terjadi percampuran antara massa air laut dengan massa air tawar dari daratan. Adanya air tawar yang bergerak terus menerus dari hulu dan adanya proses pergerakan air laut akibat pasang-surut mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan salinitas. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2014 dengan metode survey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran salinitas di perairan depan muara Sungai Malalayang mengikuti pergerakan arus pengaruh pasang surut. Ketika permukaan laut sedang surut, maka air sungai mengalir ke arah kanan dari muara sungai, sedangkan jika permukaan air laut sedang pasang maka air mengalir ke sebelah kiri dari sungai.
Komposisi tangkapan tuna hand line di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Bitung, Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Darondo Franky Adrian , Manoppo Lefrand , Luasunaung Alfret
Published: July 2019

Ikan tuna (Thunnus sp) adalah salah satu jenis ikan ekonomis penting di dunia dan merupakan komoditi perikanan terbesar ketiga di Indonesia setelah udang dan ikan dasar. Ikan tuna memiliki harga yang relatif lebih mahal dibandingkan harga komoditas ikan lainnya dengan permintaan terus meningkat. Pokok permasalahan yang ingin diteliti adalah mengetahui ukuran ikan tuna yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Bitung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui komposisi ukuran hasil tangkapan tuna hand line; (2) menganalisis hubungan panjang dan berat hasil tangkapan tuna hand line. Data panjang dan berat ikan diperoleh dari data sekunder hasil tangkapan tuna hand line selama Agustus sampai Oktober 2014. Data diolah dengan memakai regresi sederhana. Hasil analisis diperoleh Y = 1´10-07X3,93 dengan koefisien determinasi R² = 0,91. Koefisien determinasi sebesar ini menunjukkan bahwa model yang diusulkan memenuhi syarat atau valid. Nilai b pada persamaan panjang berat tuna madidihang adalah 3,93 dan secara statistika dapat dikatakan pola pertumbuhan madidihang yang didaratkan di PPS Bitung adalah allometris positif (b>3), yaitu pertambahan berat lebih cepat dari pada pertambahan panjang.
Kajian tentang stabilitas KM. Surya Prima yang dibuat di Desa Borgo, Kec. Tanawangko, Kab. Minahasa
Authors: Kayadoe Gerry Willardoe , Dien Heffry V. , Pamikiran Revols D.Ch.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT The stability of a ship is one of the important technical factors in supporting successful fishing operations, and ultimately improving the welfare of fishermen; therefore a study on the stability of KM. Surya Prima had been done in the village of Borgo, District of Tanawangko, Minahasa Regency. Dynamic stability is the stability of the vessel measured by giving a force at the boat to form a certain rocking angle. This stability is expressed as an area under the curve of static stability. Dynamic ship stability calculation results will be compared with the stability criteria according to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as in Fyson (1985) through the GZ curve. From the comparison it will get the level of dynamic stability of the vessel under study. Dynamic stability parameter values of Surya Prima purse seine vessel were: A (0-300) = 0.1179 m-rad., B (0-400) = 0.1935 m-rad., C (30-400) = 0.07552 m-rad., D (Angle GZmax) = 48 097, E (GZmin) = 0.475 m, F (GM) = 0965 m. Keywords: stability, curve, purse seiner   ABSTRAK Kestabilan kapal adalah salah satu faktor teknis penting dalam menunjang sukses operasi penangkapan ikan, dan pada akhirnya akan membantu meningkatkan kesejahteraan nelayan; oleh karena itu telah diadakan penelitian stabilitas KM. Surya Prima di Desa Borgo, Kecamatan Tanawangko, Kabupaten Minahasa. Stabilitas dinamis adalah stabilitas kapal yang diukur dengan jalan memberikan suatu usaha pada kapal sehingga membentuk sudut oleng tertentu. Stabilitas dinamis dinyatakan dalam luas area di bawah kurva stabilitas statis. Hasil perhitungan stabilitas dinamis kapal yang diukur dibandingkan dengan nilai kriteria kestabilan kapal oleh International Maritime Organization (IMO) dalam Fyson (1985) melalui kurva GZ. Dari perbandingan itu akan didapatkan tingkat kestabilan dinamis dari kapal yang diteliti. Nilai parameter kestabilan dinamis kapal pukat cincin Surya Prima adalah sebagai berikut: A (0-300) = 0.1179 m-rad., B (0-400) = 0.1935 m-rad., C (30-400) = 0.07552 m-rad., D (Sudut GZmax) = 48.097, E (GZmin) = 0.475 m, F (GM) = 0.965 m. Kata-kata kunci: stabilitas, kurva, pukat cincin
Analisis finansial usaha rumpon pada kelompok tani nelayan Malos III Malalayang I Timur, Kota Manado
Authors: Napasau Tonny Yeheskel , Manoppo Lefrand , Sitanggang Effendi P.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT Efforts to catch fish in large quantities require time and a large number of fishing gears as well as increasing fishing intensity. FADs is one method of fishing which aims to collect fish in a catchable area so that fishing can be done effectively and efficiently. This study aimed to analyze the FADs business run by Farmers and Fishermen Group Malos III in East Malalayang I, Manado City; to know the profit-sharing system and depositing dues or fees on group cash. This research was done with descriptive method which is based on case studies. The research results showed that investment cost is Rp.38.933.000; fixed cost is Rp. 19.999.500; variable cost is Rp. 142.250.000; and total cost is Rp. 162. 249.500. Average production value is Rp. 122.857.616; absolute profit is Rp. 177.720 083. benefit cost ratio average is 7.59; break even point average is Rp. 3.769.891; profitability average is 14.69% and average payback period is 0.07 years (1 month). Results of the analysis indicated that the business FADs on KTN Malos III in East Malalayang I Manado was very profitable. Revenue sharing system was 70% for the owner of fishing gear (small purse seine) and 30% for the owners of FADs on each fishing operations. Keywords: FADs, KTN Malos III, break even point, revenue sharing system.   ABSTRAK Upaya menangkap ikan dalam jumlah besar memerlukan waktu dan jumlah alat tangkap yang lebih besar serta peningkatan intensitas pengoperasiannya. Rumpon merupakan salah satu metode dalam penangkapan ikan yang bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan ikan dalam satu area penangkapan agar penangkapan ikan dapat dilakukan secara efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis usaha rumpon dari Kelompok Tani Nelayan Malos III Malalayang I Timur, Kota Manado; untuk mengetahui system bagi hasil dan penyetoran iuran atau fee pada kas kelompok. Penelitian ini dikerjakan degan metode deskritif didasarkan pada studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya investasi sebesar Rp.38.933.000; biaya tetap Rp. 19.999.500; biaya tidak tetap Rp. 142.250.000; biaya total Rp. 162.249.500. Nilai produksi rata-rata Rp. 122.857.616; keuntungan absolut Rp. 177.720.083; benefit cost ratio rata-rata 7,59; break even point rata-rata Rp. 3.769.891; rentabilitas rata-rata14,69 % dan jangka waktu pengembalian rata-rata 0,07 tahun (1 bulan). Hasil analisis menyatakan usaha rumpon pada KTN Malos III Kelurahan Malalayang I Timur Manado sangat menguntungkan. Sistem bagi hasil yang berlaku adalah 70 % untuk pemilik alat tangkap (soma pajeko) dan 30 % untuk pemilik rumpon pada setiap kali operasi penangkapan. Kata-kata kunci: rumpon, KTN Malos III, break even point, sistem bagi hasil
Pengaruh ekstrak goldenfish pada umpan bubu dasar terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan-ikan karang
Authors: Arendege Joandi C. , Reppie Emil , Labaro Ivor L.
Published: July 2019

Bubu dasar merupakan salah satu alat tangkap yang umum digunakan oleh masyarakat nelayan untuk menangkap ikan-ikan karang, karena konstruksinya sederhana, relatif murah dan mudah dioperasikan dengan kapal atau perahu ukuran kecil. Keberhasilan alat tangkap berumpan sangat ditentukan oleh aktivitas hidup ikan dalam hal mencari dan menangkap makanan. Pemberian ekstrak goldenfish pada umpan, diduga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan tangkap dari bubu dasar. Namun informasi ilmiah seperti ini belum banyak tersedia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian ekstrak goldenfish pada umpan bubu terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan-ikan karang; dan mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis ikan yang tertangkap. Penelitian ini dikerjakan di perairan pantai Kampung Bira, Kecamatan Tabukan Tengah, Kapupaten Kepulauan Sangihe; didasarkan pada metode eksperimental. Enam unit bubu bambu dioperasikan selama sembilan trip untuk mengumpulkan data; dimana tiga unit menggunakan umpan malalugis yang disuntikan dengan ekstrak goldenfish; dan tiga unit lainnya menggunakan umpan malalugis tanpa ekstrak goldenfish; dan data tangkapan dinalisis dengan uji t. Hasil tangkapan bubu selama penelitian berjumlah 176 ekor, sebanyak124 ekor tertangkap dengan umpan berekstrak dan 52 ekor tertangkap dengan umpan bubu tanpa ekstrak. Analisis uji t menunjukkan bahwa bahwa penggunaan umpan berekstrak pada bubu memberikan hasil tangkapan yang nyata lebih baik dibandingkan dengan umpan tanpa ekstrak pada bubu. Kata-kata kunci: bubu dasar, ekstrak goldenfish, umpan, ikan karang
Pelaksanaan monitoring, controlling, surveillance kapal pengangkut ikan di atas 30 GT di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Bitung (Implementation monitoring, controlling, surveillance on fish transport vessels above 30 GT in oceanic fishery harbor Bitung)
Authors: Supit Aprililian E. , Pamikiran Revols D. Ch. , Pangalila Fransisco P.T.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK Direktorat Jenderal Pengawasan Sumberdaya Kelautan dan Perikanan melalui Pangkalan Pengawasan Sumberdaya Kelautan dan Perikanan Bitung bertugas memastikan kegiatan kapal perikanan yang pemberangkatan dan pendaratannya di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Bitung sebagai pelabuhan pangkalan sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Penelitian lebih ditujukan pada pengawasan terhadap kepatuhan kapal perikanan dan juga terhadap kegiatan-kegiatan illegal yang menyalahi peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, dan juga penerapan sanksi terhadap kapal-kapal tersebut sebagai konsekuensi atas pelanggaran yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan metode deskriptif. Sanksi terhadap pelanggaran dilakukan berdasarkan pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku yaitu petunjuk teknis pengawasan operasional kapal perikanan no Kep.143/DJ.PSDKP/2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase tingkat kepatuhan terhadap aturan, berada pada tingkat kepatuhan yang tinggi (76%-100%), dimana aturan yang dilaksanakan yaitu kesesuaian pelabuhan pangkalan, kesesuaian dokumen kapal, jumlah hari operasi dan kesesuaian jumlah ikan dengan kapasitas penyimpanan. Penerapan sanksi telah dilakukan terhadap kapal yang tidak patuh, dan hal ini telah menunjukkan efek yang baik bagi pelaku perikanan yang berpangkalan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Bitung. Kata –kata kunci : kapal pengangkut ikan, pengawasan, kepatuhan. ABSTRACT The Directorate General of Marine Resources and Fisheries through the Marine and Fisheries Resources Supervision Base Bitung charge of making sure that the departure of fishing boats and catch landing in the Oceanic Fishing Port Bitung as their port corresponding Indonesia n Law. This research aimed at monitoring the compliance of fishing vessels and also against illegal activities that violate laws and regulations in force and also to the application of sanctions against the ships as a consequence of the violation. This research was conducted by descriptive method. Penalties for violations carried out by the legislation in force, namely the technical manual operational control of fishing boats no Kep.143 / DJ.PSDKP / 2012. The results showed that the percentage of degree of compliance with the rules on a high compliance rate (76% -100%), where the rules are implemented, namely the suitability of the base port, the suitability of the ship documents, the number of operation days and suitability of the number of fish with the storage capacity. The application of sanctions has been committed against non-compliant ships, and it has shown a good effect for the fishery based in Port of Bitung Ocean Fisheries. Key words : fish transport vessels, surveillance, compliance [1] Penulis untuk penyuratan; email: supitapril@gmail.com
Gas sensing properties of individual SnO2 nanowires and SnO2 sol–gel nanocomposites
Authors: Shaposhnik Alexey V , Shaposhnik Dmitry A , Turishchev Sergey Yu , Chuvenkova Olga A , Ryabtsev Stanislav V , Vasiliev Alexey A , Vilanova Xavier , Hernandez-Ramirez Francisco , Morante Joan R
Published: July 2019

This work is an investigation of the properties of semiconductor materials based on metal oxides, their catalytic properties, and their application as gas sensors, which were shown to exhibit high sensitivity, stability, and selectivity to target gases. The aim of this work is the comparison of gas sensing properties of tin dioxide in the form of individual nanowires and nanopowders obtained by sol–gel synthesis. This comparison is necessary because the traditional synthesis procedures of small particle, metal oxide materials seem to be approaching their limit. Because of this, there is increasing interest in the fabrication of functional materials based on nanowires, i.e., quasi-one-dimensional objects. In this work, nanocrystalline tin dioxide samples with different morphology were synthesized. The gas-transport method was used for the fabrication of well-faceted wire-like crystals with diameters ranging between 15–100 nm. The sol–gel method allowed us to obtain fragile gels from powders with grain sizes of about 5 nm. By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) it was proven that the nanowires contain considerably smaller amounts of hydroxy groups compared to the nanopowders. This leads to a decrease in the parasitic sensitivity of the sensing materials to humidity. In addition, we demonstrated that the nanowires are characterized by a nearly single-crystalline structure, ensuring higher stability of the sensor response due to the unlikelihood of sample recrystallization. The results from the ammonia detection experiments showed that the ratio of the sensor response to the surface area exhibits similar values for both the individual nanowire and nanopowders-based sensor materials.
Lyα in the GJ 1132 System: Stellar Emission and Planetary Atmospheric Evolution
Authors: Waalkes William C. , Berta-Thompson Zachory , Bourrier Vincent , Newton Elisabeth , Ehrenreich David , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Charbonneau David , Irwin Jonathan , Dittmann Jason
Published: July 2019

GJ 1132b, which orbits an M dwarf, is one of the few known Earth-sized planets, and at 12 pc away it is one of the closest known transiting planets. Receiving roughly 19× Earth’s insolation, this planet is too hot to be habitable but can inform us about the volatile content of rocky planet atmospheres around cool stars. Using Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectra, we search for a transit in the Lyα line of neutral hydrogen (Lyα). If we were to observe a deep Lyα absorption signature, that would indicate the presence of a neutral hydrogen envelope flowing from GJ 1132b. On the other hand, ruling out deep absorption from neutral hydrogen may indicate that this planet does not have a detectable amount of hydrogen loss, is not losing hydrogen, or has lost hydrogen and other volatiles early in the star’s life. We do not detect a transit and determine a 2σ upper limit on the effective envelope radius of 0.36 R
* in the red wing of the Lyα line, which is the only portion of the spectrum we detect after absorption by the ISM. We analyze the Lyα spectrum and stellar variability of GJ1132, which is a slowly rotating 0.18 solar mass M dwarf with previously uncharacterized UV activity. Our data show stellar variabilities of 5%–22%, which is consistent with the M dwarf UV variabilities of up to 41% found by Loyd & France. Understanding the role that UV variability plays in planetary atmospheres is crucial to assess atmospheric evolution and the habitability of cooler rocky exoplanets.
Jet-driven Galaxy-scale Gas Outflows in the Hyperluminous Quasar 3C 273
Authors: Husemann Bernd , Bennert Vardha N. , Jahnke Knud , Davis Timothy A. , Woo Jong-Hak , Scharwächter Julia , Schulze Andreas , Gaspari Massimo , Zwaan Martin A.
Published: July 2019

We present an unprecedented view of the morphology and kinematics of the extended narrow-line region (ENLR) and molecular gas around the prototypical hyperluminous quasar 3C 273 (L
bol ∼ 1047 erg s−1 at z = 0.158) based on VLT-MUSE optical 3D spectroscopy and ALMA observations. We find the following: (1) the ENLR size of 12.1 ± 0.2 kpc implies a smooth continuation of the size–luminosity relation out to large radii or a much larger break radius as previously proposed. (2) The kinematically disturbed ionized gas with line splits reaching 1000 km s−1 out to 6.1 ± 1.5 kpc is aligned along the jet axis. (3) The extreme line broadening on kiloparsec scales is caused by the spatial and spectral blending of many distinct gas clouds separated on subarcsecond scales by different line-of-sight (LOS) velocities. The ENLR velocity field combined with the known jet orientation rules out a simple scenario of a radiatively driven radial expansion of the outflow. Instead, we propose that a pressurized expanding hot gas cocoon created by the radio jet is impacting on an inclined gas disk, leading to transverse and/or backflow motion with respect to our LOS. The molecular gas morphology may be explained by either a density wave at the front of the outflow expanding along the jet direction as predicted by the positive feedback scenario or the cold gas may be trapped in a stellar overdensity caused by a recent merger event. Using 3C 273 as a template for observations of high-redshift hyperluminous quasars reveals that large-scale ENLRs and kiloparsec-scale outflows may often be missed, due to the brightness of the nuclei and the limited sensitivity of current near-IR instrumentation.
Cosmic Rays in Superbubbles
Authors: Tolksdorf T. , Grenier I. A. , Joubaud T. , Schlickeiser R.
Published: July 2019

A solution of the transport equation for cosmic rays in turbulent magnetic fields in a spherically symmetric geometry is presented. The results are applied to particle propagation in superbubbles. In the fully analytical calculation, various energy-loss processes are considered. From the distribution function of the cosmic-ray particles, the distribution for pions from continuous losses is computed. Folding with the appropriate cross section yields the gamma-ray distribution. It is shown that in the case of efficient acceleration the volume-integrated π
0-decay gamma-ray emission from the superbubble exhibits the characteristic hard differential number density spectrum

at large gamma-ray energies, E

γ
 ≫ 70 MeV. This prediction is useful for identifying efficient superbubble cosmic-ray accelerators from gamma-ray observations.
Accurate Modeling of the Projected Galaxy Clustering in Photometric Surveys. I. Tests with Mock Catalogs
Authors: Wang Zhaoyu , Xu Haojie , Yang Xiaohu , Jing Y. P. , Guo Hong , Zheng Zheng , Zu Ying , Li Zhigang , Liu Chengze
Published: July 2019

We develop a novel method to explore the galaxy–halo connection using the galaxy imaging surveys by modeling the projected two-point correlation function measured from the galaxies with reasonable photometric redshift measurements. By assuming a Gaussian form of the photometric redshift errors, we are able to simultaneously constrain the halo occupation distribution (HOD) models and the effective photometric redshift uncertainties. Tests with mock galaxy catalogs demonstrate that this method can successfully recover (within ∼1σ) the intrinsic large-scale galaxy bias, as well as the HOD models and the effective photometric redshift uncertainty. This method also works well even for galaxy samples with 10% catastrophic photometric redshift errors.
Reconfiguring a Curriculum for the New Millennium: The Process of Change
Authors: Mawn Barbara , Reece Susan M
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Over the past decade, changing demographics, new technology, an increased focus on health promotion, and radical shifts in health care reimbursement have significantly impacted the nursing role. The purpose of this article is to review the process of change at one university as its curriculum evolved from an integrated acute-care focus to a community-based, health promotion framework. A review of the literature and survey data from students, alumnae, faculty, other universities, and curriculum consultants laid the groundwork for this process. Curriculum generation followed guided by data analysis, template design and revision, values clarification, sacrificing "sacred cows," and consensus building. Implications for nursing and nursing education are explored.
Social Engagement, Cognition, Depression, and Comorbidity in Nursing Home Residents With Sensory Impairment
Authors: Petrovsky Darina V. , Sefcik Justine S. , Hanlon Alexandra L. , Lozano Alicia J. , Cacchione Pamela Z.
Published: July 2019

Sensory impairment, explicitly vision and hearing impairment, among nursing home (NH) residents decreases their ability to socially engage. However, it is not known to what extent visual, hearing, or dual impairment is associated with social engagement. The aims of the current retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive study were to determine the relationship between social engagement and (a) levels of sensory impairment (vision, hearing, and dual); (b) depression; and (c) cognition. The authors analyzed baseline data from 213 NH residents with sensory impairment from the I-SEE study. Multivariable model results demonstrated that sensory impairment was not associated with social engagement when adjusting for all covariates. Greater social engagement was associated with less depression, better cognition, and greater comorbidity. Clinicians should be aware of these risks to social engagement in NH residents with sensory impairment and monitor for decreased social engagement and isolation in residents with less comorbidities, higher depression levels, and poorer cognition.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2019; 12(5):217–226.]
Leisure-Time Daily Walking and Blood Pressure Among Chinese Older Adults: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
Authors: Yang Rumei , Liu Yin , Wang Haocen , Du Yan
Published: July 2019

This descriptive, cross-sectional study aimed to describe the characteristics of participants who engaged in leisure-time daily walking (LTDW) and examine the relationship between LTDW and blood pressure (BP) in Chinese older adults in general, and specifically among Chinese older adults with hypertension. Participants included 780 adults who were 65 and older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants self-reported their LTDW time, and BP was measured three times using an Omron HEM-7200 Monitor. Multiple linear regression models and ordinal logistical models were used to examine the characteristics of daily walkers and associations between LTDW time with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). Older adults of younger age (ß = −0.02,
p
= 0.012) and higher education (ß = 0.52,
p
= 0.018) were more likely to engage in LTDW, whereas being married was associated with less LTDW (ß = −0.24,
p
= 0.025). In addition, 2 to 4 hours of LTDW time was associated with lower DBP (ß = −4.13,
p
= 0.002). For hypertensive older adults, 30 minutes to 2 hours of LTDW time was related to lower DBP (ß = −4.42,
p
= 0.024). LTDW may have varying benefits on BP. Clinical recommendations should be based on patient characteristics and chronic conditions.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2019; 12(5): 248–258.]
Identification of Factors Related to Functional Decline of Korean Older Adults After Hip Fracture Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ko YoungJi , Lee JuHee , Kim Shin-Yoon , Baek Seung-Hoon
Published: July 2019

Reducing functional decline is an essential treatment goal in older adults after hip fracture surgery. The current study examined different effects of functional decline–related factors according to activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) in older adults after hip fracture surgery. A total of 120 participants were included. In quantile regression, preoperative walking and fear of falling were significantly associated with ADLs in the 25th percentile ADL group. Fear of falling was the only significant factor in the poorest IADL group (25th percentile). Efforts should be made to reduce fear of falling after hip fracture surgery. Preoperative walking status was significant in patients with poor ADL after hip fracture surgery; therefore, walking status should be taken into consideration when planning rehabilitation care in this group, so that the best possible ADL outcomes can be attained.

[Research in Gerontological Nursing, 12
(6),312–320.]
An Advanced Procedure for the Quantitative Risk Assessment of Offshore Installations
Authors: Kim S J , Sohn J M , Paik J K
Published: July 2019

Hydrocarbon explosion and fire are typical accidents in the offshore oil and gas industry, sometimes with catastrophic consequences such as casualties, property damage and pollution. Successful engineering and design should meet both functional requirements associated with operability in normal conditions and health, safety, environmental and ergonomics (HSE&E) requirements associated with accidental and extreme conditions. A risk-based approach is best for successful design and engineering to meet HSE&E requirements. This study aimed to develop an advanced procedure for assessing the quantitative risk of offshore installations in explosions. Unlike existing industry practices based on prescriptive rules or qualitative approaches, the proposed procedure uses an entirely probabilistic approach. The procedure starts with probabilistic selection of accident scenarios. As the defining components of risk, both the frequency and consequences associated with selected accident scenarios are computed using the most refined technologies. Probabilistic technology is then applied to establish the relationship between the probability of exceedance and the physical values of the accident. Acceptance risk criteria can be applied to define the nominal values of design and/or level of risk. To validate and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed procedure, an example of its application to topside structures of an FPSO unit subjected to hydrocarbon explosions is detailed. The conclusions and insights obtained are documented.
Sliding Mode Based Predictive Controller of a Spheroidal Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Prasad M P R , Swarup A
Published: July 2019

This paper focuses on hydrodynamic modeling and control of spheroidal underwater vehicle. The vehicle considered in this paper is appendage free and unstable. Water jet propulsion system is used in this vehicle. The dynamics of the vehicle is highly unstable due to munk moment. The spheroidal shape underwater robot is used in nuclear reactor inspection, port security inspection, defence and ocean surveillance where external appendages are not required. A new and innovative control technique, Sliding mode based model predictive control is introduced in this paper. Sliding mode control technique is used to stabilize the vehicle and once the vehicle model is stabilized it is easy to apply Model Predictive Control (MPC). Model Predictive control technique is used to control the heading of spheroidal underwater vehicle. Simulation results show that the Sliding mode based predictive control performance is better than simple PD control and state feedback controller.
Risk Analysis of Offshore Transportation Accident in Arctic Waters
Authors: Abbassi R , Khan F , Khakzad N , Veitch B , Ehlers S
Published: July 2019

A methodology for risk analysis applicable to shipping in arctic waters is introduced. This methodology uses the Bowtie relationship to represent an accident causes and consequences. It is further used to quantify the probability of a ship accident and also the related accident consequences during navigation in arctic waters. Detailed fault trees for three possible ship accident scenarios in arctic transits are developed and represented as bowties. Factors related to cold and harsh conditions and their effects on grounding, foundering, and collision are considered as part of this study. To illustrate the application of the methodology, it is applied to a case of an oil-tanker navigating on the Northern Sea Route (NSR). The methodology is implemented in a Markov Chain Monte Carlo framework to assess the uncertainties arisen from historical data and expert judgments involved in the risk analysis.
Managing International Collaborative Research Between Academics, Industries, and Policy Makers in Understanding the Effects of Biofouling in Ship Hull Turbulent Boundary Layers
Authors: Nugroho B , Ganapathisubramani B , Utama I K A P , Suastika I K , Prasetyo F A , Yusuf M , Tullberg M , Monty J P , Hutchins N
Published: July 2019

This report documents a large scale joint research project with the aim of improving the efficiency of ship operations and management by providing a methodology and technology that can quantify the emission and fuel usage penalty due to bio-fouling on ship hull. This can be obtained through better understanding of turbulent boundary layer flows over rough surfaces that cause skin friction drag. Here six different institutions from four countries (Australia, Denmark, Indonesia, and UK) that consist of universities, a passenger ship company, a manufacturer of anti-fouling coatings, and the Indonesian Classification Society are formed. They represent three fields, namely: academic, industrial, and an independent party that supports policy makers. Each of them has different objectives and interests that are interconnected. The research collaboration uses an in-situ laser-based measurement technique of the water flow over the hull of an operating ship combined with under-water image-based surface scanning techniques. The shipboard experiments are accompanied by detailed laboratory experiments to provide further validation. This paper will discuss the importance and challenges of managing such collaboration and the significance of satisfying individual objectives from each three fields in order to achieve the overarching aim.
The Influences of Centre Bow Length on Slamming Loads and Motions of Large Wave-Piercing Catamarans
Authors: Shahraki J R , Thomas G A , Davis M R
Published: July 2019

The effect of various centre bow lengths on the motions and wave-induced slamming loads on wave-piercing catamarans is investigated. A 2.5 m hydroelastic segmented model was tested with three different centre bow lengths and towed in regular waves in a towing tank. Measurements were made of the model motions, slam loads and vertical bending moments in the model demi-hulls. The model experiments were carried out for a test condition equivalent to a wave height of 2.68 m and a speed of 20 knots at full scale. Bow accelerations and vertical bending moments due to slamming showed significant changes with the change in centre bow, the longest centre bow having the highest wave-induced loads and accelerations. The increased volume of displaced water which is constrained beneath the bow archways is identified as the reason for this increase in the slamming load. In contrast it was found that the length of centre bow has a relatively small effect on the heave and pitch motions in slamming conditions.
Analytical and Experimental Investigation on the Free Vibration of Submerged Stiffened Steel Plate
Authors: Rezvani S S , Kiasat M S
Published: July 2019

The approach developed in this paper applies to vibration analysis of rectangular stiffened plate coupled with fluid. It is obvious that the natural frequencies of a submerged structure are less than those of in vacuum and these are due to the effect of added mass of water to the structure. This paper focuses on the experimental, analytical and numerical solution of natural frequencies of submerged stiffened plate. The analytical solution based on the deflection equation of submerged orthotropic plate, Laplace’s equation and Rayleigh's method in vibration analysis. By used the FEM software the numerical results for natural frequencies are derived. The natural frequencies of the stiffened plate are obtained practically by using Fast Fourier Transformation functions (FFT) in experimental analysis. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of analytical and numerical solution and results.
The Assessment of Maritime Safety in the Turkish Straits Based on the Performance of Flag States in Port State Control Regimes
Authors: Emecen Kara E G
Published: July 2019

The Turkish Straits are well known for theirs intensive maritime traffic. The average annual number of transit ships passing through this waterway is approximately 50000 and more than 100 flag states pass through it. Moreover, this waterway presents a navigational challenge owing to its inherent geographic and oceanographic characteristics. Also, sub-standard ships navigating in this region lead to an increased risk levels and pose a threat to the marine environment. Over the years, serious maritime accidents occurring in the straits region had resulted in losses of life and constituted environmental disasters. The high risk arising from maritime shipping in these regions had always endangered public health in the vicinity of the Turkish Straits. In this study, maritime safety in the Turkish Straits region had been assessed based on the performance in the Port State Control inspections of flag states passing through this region. For the assessment of the performance of passing flag states, detention and deficiency indices of these flag states were generated for the MOUs. According to these values, the risk level of these flag states had been determined by the weighted risk point methods. Hereby, in addition to the determination of the risk level of flag states, the relationships between the inspections of MOUs had been also discussed on the basis of both the detention and the deficiency rates of flag states.