bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Denitrifying Woodchip Bioreactor Leachate Tannic Acid and True Color: Lab and Field Studies
Authors: Wickramarathne Niranga M. , Cooke Richard A. , Book Ruth , Christianson Laura E.
Published: November 2020

Highlights

Oak leached more tannic acid, true color, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) than ash and mixed hardwood chips.

The factors became similar (tannic acid, COD) or below stream levels (true color) after flushing.

Eleven site-years of field bioreactor data showed decreasing tannic acid and true color over time.

Post-startup tannic acid was lower in bioreactor outflow than in area streams.

True color did not appear to be a reliable indicator of leachate tannic acid at low concentrations.

Abstract. Woodchips have been a preferred denitrifying bioreactor medium to date, but concerns about potential harmful effects of tannins in the leachate have precluded the use of oak chips in many installations. A study was conducted to compare the suitability of oak (genus Quercus) woodchips as a denitrifying bioreactor medium relative to other types of woodchips, both in lab leachate tests and in the context of observed bioreactor leaching in the field. Assessment measures included the content of tannic acid and other compounds in the leachate, as well as leachate color, which can often be high during startup. An 84-day leaching test using rectangular bioreactor cells filled with either oak (Quercus rubra), ash (Fraxinus spp. L.), or a generic hardwood blend showed that oak initially leached higher concentrations of tannic acid, true color, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) than the other two media. The significant differences in leached concentrations among the three wood types were eliminated after a finite leaching period. Tannic acid and true color in 11 site-years of field bioreactor outflow data generally decreased over time, except following a dry period when one of the bioreactors received no drainage inflow for more than two months. The lab and field results indicated the capability of woodchip bioreactors to flush at least these two analytes to ambient stream levels. True color did not appear to be the best parameter for estimating the tannin content of woodchip leachate due to discrepancies at low concentrations. Mass normalized tannic acid leaching ranged from 0.03 to approximately 40 mg tannic acid g-1 woodchip across the lab and field assessments. Oak initially leached more tannic acid, color, and COD than the other wood types, but the eventual similarity among the wood types after flushing with a sufficient number of pore volumes meant that any potentially negative environmental impacts would likely be limited to the startup period or possibly after dry periods. Oak initially eluted higher mean total nitrogen (TN) concentrations than the other wood types, but the treatments were not significantly different by day 3, indicating that biological N removal was not significantly inhibited, even with high concentrations of tannic acid. Keywords: Chemical oxygen demand, Oak, Tannin, Water quality, Wood leachate.
Deficit Irrigation Strategies for the Western U.S.
Authors: Trout Thomas J. , Howell Terry A. , English Marshall J. , Martin Derrel L.
Published: November 2020

Highlights

Deficit irrigation may maximize net income when irrigation water supplies are limited or expensive.

Water production functions are used with economic parameters to maximize net income with deficit irrigation.

Net income may be insensitive to the amount of deficit irrigation if production costs are appropriate for anticipated yield.

Deficit irrigation increases risk.

Abstract. Competition for, regulation of, and depletion of water supplies in the western U.S. has resulted in reduced water available for irrigating crops. When the water supply is expensive or inadequate to meet full crop water requirements, deficit irrigation (DI) may maximize net income (NI) by reducing use of expensive water or irrigating more land with limited irrigation supplies. Managed DI entails rational planning and strategic water allocation to maximize NI when water supplies are constrained. Biophysical and economic relationships were used to develop NI models for DI and determine water allocation strategies that maximize NI under three types of water supply constraints. The analyses determined that potential benefits of DI are greatest when water is expensive, irrigation efficiency is low, the water supply is flexible, and rainfed production is not economically viable. When production costs are appropriate for anticipated yields, NI is less sensitive to DI planning decisions. Deficit irrigation will become more important as irrigation water supplies continue to decline in the future. Net income analysis can assist growers in making rational DI decisions. Keywords: Deficit irrigation, Economic analysis, Irrigation management, Net income, Optimization, Water productivity.
Biological responses of Sri Lankan rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to rhythmic sound patterns (music and religious chants)
Authors: Munasinghe Sachithri , Weerakoon Shyama , Somaratne Senaviratnege
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Munasinghe DSP, Weerakoon SR, Somaratne S. 2020. Biological responses of Sri Lankan rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to rhythmic sound patterns (music and religious chants). Nusantara Bioscience 12: 154-161. Influences of music cause either promoting or restricting the growth of plants. The effects of Pirith chanting and rhythmic sound patterns (Western classical music, Eastern classical music, Rock music) were focused in the present study. Seeds of Two (02) rice varieties (Bg 300 and Kuruluthuda) in f0 and f1 generations were subjected to dormancy break treatment, kept in a soundproof confined chamber, and arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two (02) replicates and 10 seeds per replicate. Seeds were germinated under the three sound rhythms, Pirith chanting, and silence. Plants kept under silence served as the control. Sound rhythms and Pirith were played separately for an hour, at 30 cm distance away from the seeds with an intensity of 55-60 dB for seven (07) days continuously, maintaining equal environmental conditions. Following seven (07) days, the percentile germination rate was recorded. Germinated seeds were planted in plastic pots filled with paddy soil, up to ¾ of the total depth, and pots were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five (05) replicates and three (03) plants per replicate. Following one week, plants were subjected to sound rhythm treatments and silence for three (03) months continuously. Measurement of growth and yield performance were recorded every fortnight. Significantly different (p < 0.05) growth and yield performances in both generations were observed under Pirith, Eastern Classical and Western Classical music. Higher rates of growth were observed for rice varieties exposed to Pirith, Eastern and Western classical music. Similarly, yield was also higher compared to rice varieties exposed to rock music. The findings suggest that soft rhythmic sounds are the most appropriate type of music which improved growth and yield performance of rice varieties, Bg 300, and Kuruluthuda. However, further studies are needed to confirm present results and to elucidate the mechanism of responses to Pirith chanting and other rhythmic sound patterns using phytochemical and biochemical analyses.
Structural similarity assessment of an optical coherence tomographic image enhanced using the wavelet transform technique
Authors: Dehshiri Mohammad , Ghavami Sabouri Saeed , Khorsandi Alireza
Published: November 2020

We report on the quality assessment of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) image. A set of recent digital filters are used for denoising the interferometric signals. It is found that when a combination of continuous wavelet transform (WT) decomposition and the WT denoising techniques is imposed on raw signals, the highest signal-to-noise ratio of 17.8 can be reached. The structural similarity (SSIM) index is eventually employed to evaluate the modality of the reconstructed OCT image. Further, we found out that a SSIM value of about 0.95 can be reached, independent of the method used for envelope extraction.
Null-screen design for highly freeform surface testing
Authors: Aguirre-Aguirre Daniel , Villalobos-Mendoza Brenda , Díaz-Uribe Rufino , Campos-García Manuel
Published: November 2020

A new alternative to calculate the null-screen for highly freeform or complex surfaces for any desired pattern to be observed on the detector is presented. To validate the proposed method, we used the Zernike polynomials to design complex surfaces with sagittas greater or equal to 40 mm, and peak to valley greater or equal to 30 mm, between the used surface and the best fit sphere. The freeform surfaces were fabricated using a 3D printer and a five-axis CNC machine. With the proposed method we can calculate the image that will be observed over the detector for any null-screen and any freeform surface that want to be analyzed. The results showed that the proposal works very well for extremely fast complex freeform surfaces (with slopes ≤ 80°), obtaining an error smaller than 0.66% in PV and 0.36% in rms in sagitta differences.
The sustainability and the survivability of Kyoto’s traditional craft industry revealed from supplier-customer network
Authors: Sato Daisuke , Ikeda Yuichi , Kawai Shuichi , Schich Maxmilian
Published: November 2020

Due to the changes in consumer demand and generational transformations, Kyoto’s traditional craft industry has suffered substantial revenue losses in recent years. This research aimed to characterize Kyoto’s traditional craft industry by analyzing the supplier-customer network involving individual firms within the Kyoto region. In the process, we clarify the community structure, key firms, network topological characteristics, bow-tie structure, robustness, the vulnerability of the supplier-customer network as crucial factors for sustainable growth. The community and bow-tie structure analysis became clear that the traditional craft industry continues to occupy an important position in Kyoto’s industrial network. Furthermore, we clarify the relationship between modern and traditional craft industries’ network characteristics and their relative profitability and productivity. It became evident that the traditional craft industry has a different network structure from the modern consumer games and electric machinery industries. The modern industries have the strongly coupled component, and the attendant firms there create high value-added and play a significant role in driving the entire industry, while more traditional craft industries, such as the Nishijin silk fabrics and Kyoto doll industries, do not have this strongly coupled component. Moreover, the traditional crafts industry does not have a central firm or a dense network for integrating information, which is presumed to be a factor in the decline of the traditional craft industry.
Patterns of prescription of antipsychotics in Qatar
Authors: Ouanes Sami , Becetti Imen , Ghuloum Suhaila , Hammoudeh Samer , Shehata Mena , Ghabrash Hany , Yehya Areej , Al-Lawati Hawra , Al-Fakhri Nora , Iram Huma , Ajmal Nighat , Eltorki Yassin , Al-Amin Hassen
Published: November 2020

Objective

Even though all guidelines recommend generally against antipsychotic polypharmacy, antipsychotic polypharmacy appears to be a very common practice across the globe. This study aimed to examine the prescription patterns of antipsychotics in Qatar, in comparison with the international guidelines, and to scrutinize the sociodemographic and clinical features associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy.

Methods

All the medical records of all the inpatients and outpatients treated by antipsychotics at the Department of Psychiatry–Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) in Doha, Qatar (between October 2012 and April 2014) were retrospectively analyzed. We retrieved the available sociodemographic data, psychiatric features, and details on the medication history.

Results

Our sample consisted of 537 individuals on antipsychotics (2/3 were male; mean age 33.8±10.2 years), prescribed for a psychotic disorder in 57%, a mood disorder in 9.3%, and various other diagnoses in 33.7%. About 55.9% received one antipsychotic, 29.6% received two antipsychotics, and 14.5% received more than two antipsychotics. Polypharmacy was associated with younger age (p = 0.025), being single (p<0.001), the diagnosis of a psychotic disorder (p<0.001), and previous admissions to psychiatry (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Antipsychotic polypharmacy appears to be quite common in Qatar, as it is the case in many other countries, in contrast with most international recommendations. Studies are needed to explore the reasons behind this disparity.
Association of small, dense LDL-cholesterol concentration and lipoprotein particle characteristics with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liou Lathan , Kaptoge Stephen
Published: November 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to systematically collate and appraise the available evidence regarding the associations between small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) and incident coronary heart disease (CHD), focusing on cholesterol concentration (sdLDL-C) and sdLDL particle characteristics (presence, density, and size).

Background

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) has been hypothesized to induce atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the etiological relevance of lipoprotein particle size (sdLDL) versus cholesterol content (sdLDL-C) remains unclear.

Methods

PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE were systematically searched for studies published before February 2020. CHD associations were based on quartile comparisons in eight studies of sdLDL-C and were based on binary categorization in fourteen studies of sdLDL particle size. Reported hazards ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were standardized and pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model.

Results

Data were collated from 21 studies with a total of 30,628 subjects and 5,693 incident CHD events. The average age was 67 years, and 53% were men. Higher sdLDL and sdLDL-C levels were both significantly associated with higher risk of CHD. The pooled estimate for the high vs. low categorization of sdLDL was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.52) and 1.07 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.12) for comparing the top quartiles versus the bottom of sdLDL-C. Several studies suggested a dose response relationship.

Conclusions

The findings show a positive association between sdLDL or sdLDL-C levels and CHD, which is supported by an increasing body of genetic evidence in favor of its causality as an etiological risk factor. Thus, the results support sdLDL and sdLDL-C as a risk marker, but further research is required to establish sdLDL or sdLDL-C as a potential therapeutic marker for incident CHD risk reduction.
Change in the geometry of positive- and negative-powered soft contact lenses during wear
Authors: Kaluzny Bartlomiej J. , Stachura Joanna , Mlyniuk Patryk , Jimenez-Villar Alfonso , Wietlicka-Piszcz Magdalena , Grulkowski Ireneusz
Published: November 2020

Contact lens wear causes mutual interactions between the ocular surface and the lens, which may affect comfort as well as vision. The aim of this study was to examine deformations in modern positive- and negative-powered silicone hydrogel soft contact lenses (SiH SCLs) after 7 days of continuous wear. This pre-post interventional study included 64 eyes: 42 eyes with myopia of -3.00 D and 22 eyes with hyperopia of +3.00 D. All patients underwent general ophthalmic examination, corneal topography/tomography, total corneal and epithelial thickness mapping, and specular microscopy before and after the wearing period. SiH SCLs made of senofilcon A were worn continuously for 7 days on all eligible eyes. The geometry of the new and used lenses was measured 3 to 6 minutes after removal in two perpendicular planes using a custom-made swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system forin vitromeasurements. The anterior and posterior radii of curvature decreased in -3.00 D lenses in two perpendicular planes. This effect correlated significantly with average keratometry of the cornea. Sagittal lens height was lower in +3.00 D lens after wear, which correlated moderately with the corneal sagittal height. A significant decrease in central corneal epithelial thickness was observed after wearing +3.0 D lenses. In conclusion, SiH SCLs made of senofilcon A undergo minor deformations after 7-day continuous wear. Geometry modifications are different for -3.00 D and +3.00 D lenses, and they imitate the shape of the anterior eye surface. These geometric changes are accompanied by a decrease in the central thickness of corneal epithelium after +3.00 D lens wear.
¿Qué es cognitivo en la metáfora según Aristóteles?
Authors: Laks André
Published: November 2020

En la Poética (21 1457b6 s.), Aristóteles define la metáfora como la transferencia (epiphora) de un nombre de un dominio extraño (allotrios) a otro. Si, como en la doctrina clásica de los tropos, vemos en ella un término figurado, que sustituye al término propio, la metáfora reviste un valor puramente ornamental y el discurso podría en principio prescindir de ella. La metáfora moderna, en cambio, tiene la ambición de ofrecer una redescripción del mundo, es una metáfora viva (Paul Ricœur), y por tanto cognitiva. La cuestión es saber en qué medida esa concepción cognitiva de la metáfora puede apoyarse en el análisis de Aristóteles, como Ricœur lo hace. La respuesta es sí, pero no, dado que la cognición de la cuál Aristóteles habla con relación a la metáfora es una cognición de tipo especial, una “cuasi-cognición”.
Urzeczowienie, fetyszyzm i praca intelektualna
Authors: Świrek Krzysztof
Published: November 2020

Artykuł jest propozycją powrotu do pojęć fetyszyzmu i reifikacji jako klasycznych, ale nadal aktualnych narzędzi krytycznej teorii społeczeństwa. W ramach szeroko pojętej analizy nowoczesności wskazywały one na odwrócenia, w których środek zastępuje cel, a obiektywizujące miary redukują niewspółmierne jakości. W tekście zostają zestawione koncepcje, które można uznać za źródła teorii fetyszyzmu i urzeczowienia, a także ich klasyczne i nowsze sformułowania w pracach Marksa, Lukácsa i Deborda. Wskazane w tytule pojęcia odniesione są do pracy intelektualnej, której rola we współczesnym kapitalizmie jest zarazem centralna i podporządkowana. W końcowej partii tekstu zaproponowane zostaje pojęcie intelektualisty totalnego jako kogoś, kto poprzez roszczenie do krytyki i formę swojej twórczości sprzeciwia się urzeczowieniu pracy intelektualnej i jej redukcji do działalności technicznej i zekonomizowanej.
«Нормально мы будем работать»: адаптация незрячих студентов в вузах
Authors: Большаков Никита Викторович , Бабкина Алена Сергеевна
Published: November 2020

Формирование инклюзивного общества подразумевает создание системы, предоставляющей условия для реализации потенциала всех граждан, в том числе людей с инвалидностью. Особую роль при этом играют организации высшего образования, к которым предъявляются повышенные требования доступности, причем речь идет не только о преобразовании архитектурных и технических условий, но и о создании в целом инклюзивной образовательной и социальной среды, способствующей максимальной адаптации людей с инвалидностью, и в частности незрячих, для обучения которых необходима выработка уникального подхода. В представленном исследовании четыре формы адаптации незрячих студентов к процессу обучения в высших учебных заведениях (формальная, дидактическая, общественная и профессиональная) рассматриваются в разрезе трех временных этапов: превентивного, срочного и долговременного. На основе анализа интервью с незрячими студентами московских вузов описаны практики адаптации, характерные для каждой из форм, а также специфика их реализации. Так, формальная и общественная адаптация начинаются еще на этапе превентивной адаптации к вузу, а профессиональная — только в момент долгосрочной адаптации, причем, как правило, в вузах отсутствуют инструменты системной поддержки адаптационных процессов, поэтому все вопросы решаются за счет индивидуальных договоренностей между незрячими студентами и одногруппниками, преподавателями и административным персоналом. Как правило, сами незрячие в данных условиях выполняют организационную функцию, транслируя правила коммуникации с людьми с нарушениями зрения внутри вуза, а также варьируя способы репрезентации себя при взаимодействии с разными агентами на указанных временных этапах.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в результате проведения работы в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ) с использованием средств субсидии в рамках государственной поддержки ведущих университетов Российской Федерации «5-100».
Социальные эффекты онлайн-сообществ: нетнография YouTube-сообщества вышивальщиц
Authors: Демин Павел Владиславович , Сорочан Елена Анатольевна
Published: November 2020

В исследовании раскрываются особенности возникновения и существования сообществ людей в онлайн-пространстве. На примере YouTube-сообщества вышивальщиц проведен анализ причин долговременного стабильного существования современных онлайн-сообществ, для чего выявлена организационная структура сообщества, проведена типология его участников, проанализированы их взаимодействия, описаны условия объединения, а также результаты деятельности сообщества — его социальные эффекты. Эмпирическая база исследования представлена 8 глубинными полуструктурированными интервью и нетнографией 47 видеороликов участников сообщества.
Результаты исследования демонстрируют, что возникающие в процессе жизнедеятельности сообщества социальные эффекты могут быть как непосредственными, так и непреднамеренными. В качестве ожидаемых эффектов при вступлении в сообщество его участники получают психологический комфорт и принадлежность к сообществу, групповую солидарность и признание единомышленников, возможности саморазвития и профессиональной специализации. В то же время сообщество в ходе групповой динамики производит легитимацию потребления и внешний арбитраж за действиями участников, а также наращивает переговорную силу в рыночном взаимодействии. Изученное сообщество — пример добровольного объединения людей, самоорганизации на принципах утилитарной рациональности и индивидуализированной полезности для участников. Внутренне мотивированные потребности индивидов обусловливают существование онлайн-сообщества, которое сплачивает людей на длительное время.
Результаты исследования будут полезны ученым, изучающим структуру и механизмы функционирования онлайн-сообществ. Практическая польза исследования предполагает предоставление научного фундамента для людей и бизнесменов, взаимодействующих с онлайн-сообществами на экономических началах либо планирующих создавать стабильные онлайн-сообщества и управлять ими.
Изучение пассажирского опыта в результате введения Московского центрального кольца: посещение новых мест, причины выбора железнодорожного транспорта и проверка прогнозов пассажиропотоков
Authors: Мулеев Егор Юрьевич , Долецкая Ольга Артемовна , Глушкова Татьяна Вячеславовна
Published: November 2020

В современной России, за исключением Москвы, новая инфраструктура общественного транспорта появляется нечасто, а вопрос о последствиях инфраструктурного развития такого рода зачастую остается открытым. Запуск Московского центрального кольца (МЦК) дает возможность провести исследование, фокусирующееся на изменениях в транспортном поведении горожан. В рамках опроса пассажиров МЦК, проведенного в сентябре 2017 г., было изучено несколько аспектов. Во-первых, мы попытались переопределить концепт «доступность» как возможность посетить новые места. Результаты показали, что порядка 20% пассажиров стали совершать новые поездки. Во-вторых, изучались причины выбора МЦК пассажирами для конкретной поездки, зафиксированной во время опроса. Наиболее частая причина — «удобство», которое понимается респондентами крайне расширительно. Наконец, особый интерес представляло собой соотнесение прогнозных и фактических значений распределения входящего пассажиропотока на станции МЦК по способу добраться до станций. Результат показал, что прогнозы сильно недооценили объем пешеходных передвижений. Помимо теоретической и прикладных задач в рамках проекта апробирована методика перехватывающих опросов для составления выборочной совокупности.
Благодарность. Публикация подготовлена в результате проведения исследования (№ 17-05-0050) в рамках Программы «Научный фонд Национального исследовательского университета "Высшая школа экономики" (НИУ ВШЭ)» в 2017—2018 гг. и в рамках государственной поддержки ведущих университетов Российской Федерации «5—100». Коллектив авторов также выражает благодарности Тимуру Османову за комментарии, критику и поддержку.
O processo de ensino-aprendizagem de português escrito para surdos em sessões de tandem
Authors: Oliveira Quintino Martins de , Figueiredo Francisco José Quaresma de
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivos analisar as interações entre alunos surdos e ouvintes, verificar que estratégias os ouvintes usaram para auxiliar a aprendizagem de português escrito pelos surdos, durante sessões de tandem face a face, bem como obter as percepções dos surdos acerca de sua participação nessas sessões. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, e os dados foram coletados em três sessões de tandem, no primeiro semestre de 2017, por meio de gravações em vídeo dessas sessões, bem como de entrevistas realizadas com os participantes surdos. Os resultados indicam que as interações possibilitaram aos surdos aprender português escrito de forma eficaz quando os ouvintes usavam recursos visuais que facilitaram esse processo. Em contrapartida, o uso de oralização e de gestos, por parte dos ouvintes, durante as interações, dificultou a aprendizagem dos surdos. Concluímos que a abordagem em tandem, muito utilizada com línguas orais, é também favorável no ensino-aprendizagem de português escrito para surdos.
Políticas linguísticas para surdos em países lusófonos
Authors: Basoni Fabiany Corrêa , Witchs Pedro Henrique
Published: November 2020

Em diferentes países, pessoas surdas constituem minorias linguísticas cujas condições para o uso de suas línguas não são favoráveis. Este artigo objetiva discutir políticas linguísticas para surdos em países de língua portuguesa. Com base em autores da Política Linguística, bem como dos Estudos Surdos, a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória do tipo documental, buscou-se analisar documentos oficiais que regulamentam o uso e o ensino de línguas de sinais em oito países lusófonos. Observou-se que, em pelo menos metade desses países, as línguas de sinais permanecem oficialmente invisíveis; em alguns casos, embora já comecem a ser documentadas, seu uso e ensino não estão legalmente amparados. Considera-se, nesse sentido, que políticas linguísticas para surdos constituem um direito humano inalienável. Apesar de não serem suficientes, tais políticas são necessárias para a formação linguística e cultural dos surdos, propiciando cenários nos quais eles possam exercer seus direitos à aquisição de língua, à liberdade de comunicação e de expressão e às condições de igualdade.
Code-switching em bilíngues talian-português sob uma abordagem psicolinguística
Authors: Comiotto Ariela Fátima , Mota Mailce Borges , Soares Eduardo Correa
Published: November 2020

O presente estudo aborda o fenômeno de code-switching (CS) em falantes de uma língua minoritária a partir da psicolinguística. Uma tarefa de nomeação de figuras foi elaborada para tal. Esta tarefa continha uma condição bloqueada em que o participante deveria nomear as figuras utilizando a língua indicada por meio de uma bandeira e uma condição voluntária em que o participante era livre para nomear as figuras em talian ou português. Os resultados da tarefa mostram que os tempos de resposta na condição voluntária foram menores do que os tempos de respostas da condição bloqueada, sugerindo que o uso livre de duas línguas gera menor custo do que o uso obrigatório de uma língua. Na condição bloqueada as nomeações em português foram mais rápidas, já na condição voluntária as nomeações em talian foram mais rápidas. Isso sugere que, ao ter que utilizar obrigatoriamente uma língua e sustentar o bloqueio da outra, bilíngues se beneficiam do uso da língua majoritária na tarefa de nomear figuras. Entretanto, quando há a possibilidade de utilizar as duas línguas livremente, o custo de processamento da língua de herança é menor, comparativamente ao uso da língua majoritária.
Converging Evidence for Differential Specialization and Plasticity of Language Systems
Authors: Gurunandan Kshipra , Arnaez-Telleria Jaione , Carreiras Manuel , Paz-Alonso Pedro M.
Published: November 2020

Functional specialization and plasticity are fundamental organizing principles of the brain. Since the mid-1800s, certain cognitive functions have been known to be lateralized, but the provenance and flexibility of hemispheric specialization remain open questions. Language is a uniquely human phenomenon that requires a delicate balance between neural specialization and plasticity, and language learning offers the perfect window to study these principles in the human brain. In the current study, we conducted two separate functional MRI experiments with language learners (male and female), one cross-sectional and one longitudinal, involving distinct populations and languages, and examined hemispheric lateralization and learning-dependent plasticity of the following three language systems: reading, speech comprehension, and verbal production. A multipronged analytic approach revealed a highly consistent pattern of results across the two experiments, showing (1) that in both native and non-native languages, while language production was left lateralized, lateralization for language comprehension was highly variable across individuals; and (2) that with increasing non-native language proficiency, reading and speech comprehension displayed substantial changes in hemispheric dominance, with languages tending to lateralize to opposite hemispheres, while production showed negligible change and remained left lateralized. These convergent results shed light on the long-standing debate of neural organization of language by establishing robust principles of lateralization and plasticity of the main language systems. Findings further suggest involvement of the sensorimotor systems in language lateralization and its plasticity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe human brain exhibits a remarkable ability to support a vast variety of languages that may be acquired at different points in the life span. Language is a complex construct involving linguistic as well as visual, auditory, and motor processes. Using functional MRI, we examined hemispheric specialization and learning-dependent plasticity of three language systems—reading, speech comprehension, and verbal production—in cross-sectional and longitudinal experiments in language learners. A multipronged analytic approach revealed converging evidence for striking differences in hemispheric specialization and plasticity among the language systems. The results have major theoretical and practical implications for our understanding of fundamental principles of neural organization of language, language testing and recovery in patients, and language learning in healthy populations.
MODELING FOAM-MAT DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF BANANA UNDER MICROWAVE CONDITIONS
Authors: YÜKSEL Ayşe Nur
Published: November 2020

In this study, it was aimed to dry banana using microwave-assisted foam-mat drying and to identify the drying behavior. Foam-mat drying of banana foam was made using a microwave oven at output power of 100, 180, 300, 450 and 600 W. Effective moisture diffusivities were obtained in the range of 5.9536 x 10-9 and 3.5692 x 10-8 m2 s-1. Activation energy was determined as 10.80 W g-1 of microwave dried banana foam. Besides, to find the best model to experimental moisture ratio values, thin layer models of Page, Wang and Singh, Midilli and others, Silva and others, two-term and Peleg were applied. As a result, Midilli and others’ model gave a better fit than others with highest value of R2, lowest values of RMSE, RSS and χ2.
Nutritional Status Assessment in ICU Patients Using Ultrasound Imaging of Muscles and Subcutaneous Fat
Authors: Lakhin R. E. , Nikitin M. V. , Strukov E. Yu. , Emelyanov A. A. , Klimov A. G. , Bogomolov B. N. , Levshankov A. I. , Schegolev A. V.
Published: November 2020

Ultrasound imaging of muscles and subcutaneous fat has been used in recent years to assess the nutritional status, but there are no common approaches for selecting muscles for it.The aim of the study was to examine the variability of thickness of different muscles and subcutaneous fat using ultrasonography to identify optimal cutaneous and muscle landmarks for the assessment of nutritional status.Materials and methods. It was a prospective observational study with participation of 14 patients. All patients underwent ultrasound examination of thickness of the following muscles: m. rectus femoris; m. tibialis anterior; m. biceps brachii; m. deltoideus and m. sternocleidomastoideus, as well as the thickness of skin and subcutaneous fat over the muscles. The ultrasound assessment was done on admission to ICU, on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 42. On days 7, 14 and 21 the intravenous load test of 1000 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution was performed. On days 5 and 10 the test with the patients in the lateral decubitus position was carried out.Results. We found that m. tibialis anterior changed its size when patients were turned laterally by 2%, m. deltoideus by 6%, m. sternocleidomastoideus by 10%, m. rectus femoris by 20.5%, and m. biceps brachii by 26%. After infusion of 1,000 ml of 0,9% sodium chloride solution, the variability of m. tibialis anterior size was 2%, m. deltoideus 2%, m. sternocleidomastoideus 6%, m. biceps brachii 8%, m. rectus femoris 12%.The thickness of subcutaneous fat over m. biceps brachii and m. rectus femoris changed more than the anteroposterior size of the muscles (P<0.05).Conclusion. The m. deltoideus and m. tibialis anterior are optimal for ultrasound assessment of the nutritional status because their size is less affected by the patient's positioning and infusion therapy. Intravenous fluid infusion increases the variability of subcutaneous fat thickness.
The «Absolute Futility» isn't Absolute: Concerning the Necessity of Reconsideration of Existing Time-Based Criterion for Stopping Resuscitation Attempt
Authors: Birkun A. A.
Published: November 2020

Despite the progress in the modern resuscitation science, optimal duration of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempt is not defined yet.It seems appropriate to initiate an open discussion within the Russian medical research community, concerning the development of uniform legislated criteria for stopping resuscitation, considering the best scientific evidence and current international guidelines, with subsequent introduction of harmonized amendments to the clinical practice guidelines for CPR.
EARLY ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS: the beginning of European philosophical thought on the margins
Authors: Zborovska Xenija
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of some trends in modern world antiquity and the re-actualization of issues that have methodological and ethical significance for researchers in this field. The essay is aimed not so much at building a broad argument for the "defense" of early ancient philosophers but at (re) actualizing those questions that should be answered by a historian of philosophy, translator, antiquarian, or more broadly - a researcher related to this field. . The author questions the place of the legacy of early ancient philosophers in the history of philosophy, as well as the ethics of "ranking" of more or less important philosophical doctrines. If we turn to the question of assessing (less) the value of the philosopher on the historical background, it remains open. It needs to be discussed soon because, without its clarification, there are no plans for translations and selection of authors for translation and research work in general. Areas will be unsystematic. Simultaneously, the birth of ancient philosophical thought ab initio is interesting precisely in its diversity, in the assortment of currents and approaches, in the pluralism of expressed ideas, because that is why almost every modern philosophical thesis can be justified with the help of an ancient heritage. After all, it is on such principles that specific steps can be outlined for building antiquity as a branch of Ukrainian science. That is why the author emphasizes the need for professional discussion of a range of issues that are basic for historical and philosophical science, which could clarify both the ethical dimension of the researcher and/or translator and the methodological direction of these studies, as well as affect the methodology of the thesaurus—key philosophical terms in Ukrainian. Addressing the origins of European philosophical thought is an urgent need of the Ukrainian community of philosophers because, without this field of research, the academic field cannot be complete.
Pengaruh Organizational Justice Dan Religiosity Terhadap Employee Fraud Dengan Dimediasi Whistleblowing Intention
Authors: Anggraini Erine Saskia , Reskino Reskino
Published: November 2020

This study aims to examine the influence of organizational justice and religiosity on employee fraud mediated by whistleblowing intention. This study uses primary data by distributing questionnaires to employees who work in Islamic banks in the DKI Jakarta area. Sampling was done using the purposive sampling method. This study used sample of 71 respondents. The data analysis method that used as Partial Least Square (PLS)-SEM with the help of data analysis tool SmartPLS 3.0. The results of this study indicate that religiosity shows significant effect on whistleblowing intentions. Organizational justice unable to contribute significantly to whistleblowing intention. Whistleblowing intention have a significant effect on employee fraud. Organizational justice and religiosity unable to contribute significantly to the employee fraud. Furthermore, religiosity significantly influence on employee fraud through whistleblowing intentions. Organizational justice unable to contribute significantly to employee fraud through whistleblowing intentions
Anatomi Laporan Keuangan Bank Bermasalah Sebelum Pencabutan Ijin Usaha
Authors: Ashari Hasan , Nugrahanti Trinandari P
Published: November 2020

This research based on the many problematic rural banks (BPR) in Indonesia and had declared as failing banks those their business licenses had revoked by the bank supervisory authority. This paper aims to explain the conditions that occurred in the last years of a BPR before experiencing failure and to analyze the causes of this condition based on interviews with practitioners who had taken handle failed bank resolutions and references and financial indicators in the BPR. The bank condition is seen based on the financial reports for the last two years submitted by the BPR to the bank supervisory authority. This research was conducted by conducting interviews, studying literature, and analyzing the main financial ratios of banks by taking a sample of 31 rural banks whose business licenses had been revoked by the bank supervisory authority. The concluding of this study is mismanagement is the main factor that has impacted increasing of Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Operating Expense to Operating Income (OEOI), and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), it Also has consistently decreasing Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Return on Asset (ROA).
Sustainability Reporting: The Moderating Role of Audit Committee on Financial Performance
Authors: Ani Dewi Ari , Kusumaningrum Diannita , Tantra Arda Raditya
Published: November 2020

Sustainability reporting is a tool for companies to communicate the efforts and results they make in managing themselves based on their environment, social and economy. This study examines financial factors affecting the level of sustainability reporting disclosure moderated by audit committee activity. The samples used were go-public companies listed in SRI-KEHATI index in 2019, and the ones participated in the Sustainability Award organized by NCSR in 2019 and published the 2018 sustainability reporting. The results confirm that firm size does not affect the level of sustainability reporting disclosure, while both liquidity and profitability variable affect. The frequency of audit committee meetings fails to moderate the relationship between firm size and the level of sustainability reporting disclosure, but is able to moderate both of the relationships between liquidity and profitability with the level of sustainability reporting disclosure. This result is expected to provide benefits for academics in developing researches on sustainability reporting
Ketidakpastian dan Penggunaan Utang Perusahaan
Authors: Juliana Rita
Published: November 2020

Uncertainty has been discussed as the core element of the slow economic recovery during the global financial crisis 2008-2009. The goal of this paper is specifically aiming to observe the effect of uncertainty to the firm’s financing policy. In this research, we utilize uncertainty in Indonesia level and world level that are developed by Ahir et al. (2018). The sample of this study are Indonesian companies that are listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) from period 2007 until 2019. The methodology we used was panel data regression. The result of this study show that uncertainty decrease the firm’s leverage level. This situation is caused by uncertainty that increase firm’s manager concern about their long-term solvency.
Parental Vaccine Hesitancy and Childhood Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Santibanez Tammy A. , Nguyen Kimberly H. , Greby Stacie M. , Fisher Allison , Scanlon Paul , Bhatt Achal , Srivastav Anup , Singleton James A.
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To quantify the prevalence of parental vaccine hesitancy (VH) in the United States and examine the association of VH with sociodemographics and childhood influenza vaccination coverage.

METHODS:

A 6-question VH module was included in the 2018 and 2019 National Immunization Survey-Flu, a telephone survey of households with children age 6 months to 17 years.

RESULTS:

The percentage of children having a parent reporting they were “hesitant about childhood shots” was 25.8% in 2018 and 19.5% in 2019. The prevalence of concern about the number of vaccines a child gets at one time impacting the decision to get their child vaccinated was 22.8% in 2018 and 19.1% in 2019; the prevalence of concern about serious, long-term side effects impacting the parent’s decision to get their child vaccinated was 27.3% in 2018 and 21.7% in 2019. Only small differences in VH by sociodemographic variables were found, except for an 11.9 percentage point higher prevalence of “hesitant about childhood shots” and 9.9 percentage point higher prevalence of concerns about serious, long-term side effects among parents of Black compared with white children. In both seasons studied, children of parents reporting they were “hesitant about childhood shots” had 26 percentage points lower influenza vaccination coverage compared with children of parents not reporting hesitancy.

CONCLUSIONS:

One in 5 children in the United States have a parent who is vaccine hesitant, and hesitancy is negatively associated with childhood influenza vaccination. Monitoring VH could help inform immunization programs as they develop and target methods to increase vaccine confidence and vaccination coverage.
Avaliação do extrato de quitosana no manejo de tripes, Thrips tabaci, míldio, Peronospora destructor, e rendimento na cultura da cebola
Authors: Gonçalves Paulo Antonio de Souza , Araújo Edivânio Rodrigues de , Geremias Leandro Delalibera
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso de quitosana na incidência e danos de tripes, severidade de míldio, produtividade e rendimento pós-colheita de cebola. A cultivar de cebola utilizada foi a Epagri 362 Crioula Alto Vale. O transplantio e a colheita de cebola foram realizados respectivamente em 18/08/2016 e 06/12/2016; 23/08/2017 e 04/12/2017. Os tratamentos foram doses do extrato de quitosana em pulverização foliar a 0,25%, 0,5%, 1%, 2% e testemunha sem aplicação. A incidência de tripes foi reduzida pelo extrato formulado em água com 2,25% p/v de quitosana e 12,5% p/v de vinagre de álcool, segundo o modelo, y= 4,95 -1,75x +0,72x2 (R2= 0,63, p= 0,04). Futuras pesquisas devem ser desenvolvidas para reduzir o odor e incrementar a solubilidade do extrato. A porcentagem de área foliar lesionada por míldio, produtividade e rendimento pós-colheita não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos.
Palavras-chave: Allium cepa; Thrips tabaci; Peronospora destructor; indução de resistência.
Webinar in Support of Steam Training in Class
Authors: Chehlarova Toni , Koceva Monika , Petkov Ivan , Tsvyatkov Dinko
Published: November 2020

A two-subjects webinar: information technology and arts with the participation of a lecturer from the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics and the Laboratory of Telematics of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is presented. The article describes the concrete activities of the e-facilitator, the lecturer and the teachers in this specific scenario. In order to make it easier for the e-facilitator, a
"webinar technical readiness check" form is prepared. Inside are listed possible difficulties when hosting the webinar during a class along with possible solutions.
DISTRIBUSI TARGET STRENGTH IKAN DEMERSAL BERDASARKAN DETEKSI HIDROAKUSTIK DI PERAIRAN TELUK YOUTEFA, KOTA JAYAPURA
Authors: Pujiyati Sri , Hamuna Baigo , Dimara Lisiard , Natih Nyoman Metta N
Published: November 2020

Teluk Youtefa merupakan perairan yang potensial untuk penangkapan ikan demersal, terutama oleh nelayan lokal di sekitar Teluk Youtefa. Survei hidroakustik dilakukan untuk mengetahui distribusi target strength (TS) dan menduga ukuran panjang ikan demersal di perairan Teluk Youtefa. Perekaman data hidroakustik dilakukan sepanjang cruise track dengan menggunakan echosounder single beam SIMRAD EK-15 frekuensi 200 kHz. Analisis data menggunakan software Echoview 4.8, dengan threshold antara -34 sampai -70 dB dan ESDU adalah 100 ping. Ikan demersal pada penelitian ini merupakan ikan yang terdeteksi pada jarak maksimum 3 m dari dasar perairan. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa ikan demersal yang terdeteksi sebanyak 27 schooling yang tersebar pada kedalaman 3,24–33,44 m. Ikan demersal yang terdeteksi dominan pada kedalaman maksimum 10 m sebanyak 21 schooling. Nilai TS rata-rata ikan demersal berkisar antara -69,58 dB sampai -45,87 dB. Berdasakan nilai TS yang diperoleh, ikan demersal di perairan Teluk Youtefa didominasi kelompok ikan berukuran kecil. Distribusi ikan demersal di perairan Teluk Youtefa sangat dipengaruhi oleh kedalaman perairan dan tipe substrat dasar perairan.