bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viagem a um Real Desfamiliarizado: Performatividade da Tecnologia na Cena Contemporânea
Authors: Borges Júnior Eli
Published: December 2013

O presente trabalho pretende refletir sobre alguns dos temas desenvolvidos em pesquisa de mestrado que procura investigar e descrever os impactos das tecnologias digitais sobre as formas de ação na cena contemporânea. Neste texto, fazemos um recorte que busca elucidar como a tecnologia passa a apresentar uma “performatividade” em cena, noção que nos foi inspirada pela Profa. Josette Féral. Com a finalidade de demonstrar como a tecnologia, de forma cada vez mais destacada, passa da coxia ao espaço cênico, apresentamos, a partir de Meyerhold e Piscator, alguns dos aspectos — como os deslocamentos entre ficcional e real — que identificamos como decisivos e precursores de uma nova forma de conceber a presença não humana em cena para, então, reiterá-la em exemplos atuais que aqui brevemente expusemos por meio das metaencenações dos grupos Phila 7, Wooster Group e Ubu.
Um Diálogo Possível: Paralelo Entre Infância e História: Destruição da Experiência e Origem da História, de Giorgio Agamben, e o Processo de Criação de Peças Curtas para Desesquecer, da Companhia Perdida
Authors: Spirópulos Flávia Scheye
Published: December 2013

Este artigo é resultado de pesquisa realizada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes Cênicas (ECA-USP) e relaciona o texto Infância e História: Destruição da Experiência e Origem da História, de Giorgio Agamben (2008), ao processo de criação da obra Peças curtas para desesquecer, da Companhia Perdida, com direção de Juliana Moraes (2012). Partindo do pressuposto de que arte é forma de conhecimento que comunica por meio da materialidade do corpo (VIEIRA, 2006, 2008), o estudo considera a criação em dança como produção de linguagem e aproxima momentos vividos pelas intérpretes da companhia aos conceitos elaborados pelo autor acima citado.
Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations for Digoxin Toxicity
Authors: See Isaac , Shehab Nadine , Kegler Scott R. , Laskar S. Raja , Budnitz Daniel S.
Published: December 2013

Background—

Recent data on digoxin prescribing and adverse events are lacking but could help inform the management of digoxin in contemporary heart failure treatment.

Methods and Results—

We determined nationally representative numbers and rates of emergency department (ED) visits for digoxin toxicity in the United States using 2005 to 2010 reports from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System–Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project and the National Ambulatory (and Hospital Ambulatory) Medical Care Surveys. Based on 441 cases, an estimated 5156 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2663–7648) ED visits for digoxin toxicity occurred annually in the United States; more than three fourths (78.8% [95% CI, 73.5%–84.1%]) resulted in hospitalization. Serum digoxin level was ≥2.0 ng/mL for 95.8% (95% CI, 93.2%–98.4%) of estimated ED visits with levels reported (n=251 cases). The rate of ED visits per 10 000 outpatient prescription visits among patients ≥85 years was twice that of patients 40 to 84 years (rate ratio, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.2–5.0]); among women, the rate was twice that of men (rate ratio, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.1–4.7]). Digoxin toxicity accounted for an estimated 1.0% (95% CI, 0.6%–1.4%) of ED visits for all adverse drug events among patients ≥40 years, but an estimated 3.3% (95% CI, 2.3%–4.4%) of ED visits and 5.9% (95% CI, 4.0%–7.9%) of hospitalizations for all adverse drug events among patients ≥85 years. Estimated annual ED visits and hospitalizations remained relatively constant from 2005 to 2010.

Conclusions—

Digoxin toxicity is not declining; more careful prescribing to high-risk groups and improved monitoring of serum levels might be needed to reduce morbidity from outpatient digoxin use.
Impact of Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement on Biventricular Strain and Synchrony Assessed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking
Authors: Harrild David M. , Marcus Edward , Hasan Babar , Alexander Mark E. , Powell Andrew J. , Geva Tal , McElhinney Doff B.
Published: December 2013

Background—

Transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) replacement is an emerging therapy intended to restore pulmonary valve function in patients with right ventricular outflow tract conduit dysfunction; the impact of this technique on ventricular strain and synchrony is not known.

Methods and Results—

Cardiac magnetic resonance and ECG data acquired at 1 center as part of the US Melody TPV trial were analyzed. Biventricular strain and mechanical synchrony measurements were made based on short-axis and 4-chamber steady-state free precession images using feature tracking software. Post- versus pre-TPV replacement findings were compared for all patients (n=31) and subgroups with predominant pulmonary regurgitation (n=13) or stenosis (n=18). Most patients had tetralogy of Fallot (18/31). After TPV replacement, left ventricular (LV) circumferential strain increased for the whole cohort (
P
<0.001) and both subgroups (pulmonary regurgitation
P
=0.01; pulmonary stenosis
P
=0.02). LV longitudinal strain increased for the whole cohort (
P
=0.02) and pulmonary regurgitation subgroup (
P
=0.05); circumferential right ventricular strain increased for the pulmonary stenosis group only (
P
=0.05). LV longitudinal synchrony improved significantly in the pulmonary regurgitation group (maximum wall delay
P
=0.03; cross-correlation delay
P
=0.01). Electric measures of synchrony did not improve.

Conclusions—

In patients with right ventricular outflow tract conduit dysfunction, TPV replacement is associated with improved global LV strain, as well as improved right ventricular strain and LV synchrony in subgroups. Given the associations between strain and synchrony and clinical outcomes, these findings support potential long-term benefits of TPV replacement.
Impact of Albuminuria on Early Neurological Deterioration and Lesion Volume Expansion in Lenticulostriate Small Infarcts
Authors: Umemura Toshitaka , Senda Joe , Fukami Yuki , Mashita Shinichi , Kawamura Takahiko , Sakakibara Toshimasa , Sobue Gen
Published: December 2013

Background and Purpose—

Albuminuria, a marker of chronic kidney disease, is associated with an increased risk of incident stroke and unfavorable long-term outcomes. However, the association of albuminuria with short-term outcomes and change in infarct volume in patients with acute small subcortical infarction remains unknown.

Methods—

We retrospectively reviewed 85 consecutive patients with acute small subcortical infarcts in the lenticulostriate artery territory who were admitted to our stroke center within 24 hours of symptom onset and underwent serial diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Albuminuria was determined based on the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio obtained from a first morning spot urine after admission. Infarct volume was measured on axial sections of the initial and follow-up DWI. Early neurological deterioration (END) was defined as an increase of ≥2 points in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score during the first 5 days after admission.

Results—

Albuminuria (UACR ≥30 mg/g creatinine) was observed in 14 of 18 patients with END (77.8%) and in 25 of 67 patients without END (37.3%),
P
=0.002. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that albuminuria was associated with END after adjustment for age, low estimated glomerular filtration rate (<60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
), and infarct volume on initial DWI (odds ratio, 6.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.62–27.21;
P
=0.009). In addition, albuminuria was an independent predictor of increase in infarct volume using multivariate linear regression analysis (
β
coefficient=0.217;
P
=0.038).

Conclusions—

Our findings suggest that albuminuria is associated with END and infarct volume expansion in patients with small subcortical infarcts in the lenticulostriate artery territory.
For Prestige: Hegel in the Light of Mauss
Authors: Hollier Denis
Published: December 2013

The proposition most essential to what Bataille calls his “general economy” is that the quantity of energy produced by a given system is always greater than the energy that is necessary for the maintenance of that system. A system is, by definition, unable to contain itself; it is unable to hold itself within itself or to circumscribe itself; it exceeds itself. A system is condemned to go beyond its own self-given boundaries; it is condemned to secrete a margin that is both endogenous and inassimilable, in an experience of the external that is anterior to any empirical experience of exteriority; it is the experience of an outside that emanates fundamentally from within, an otherness that is anterior to the meeting with an external other.
The Sound of The Birds
Authors: Allen Richard
Published: December 2013

Having attacked people at a gas station, setting off a conflagration, birds begin to gather over Bodega Bay, accompanied by an electronic hum that sounds like the grinding of two large stones or perhaps like the wind. This electronic hum recurs at the film's conclusion, as we anxiously wait to see whether the Brenner family and Melanie Daniels (Tippi Hedren) will make their escape from their besieged homestead. Hitchcock himself described this electronic hum as a “brooding silence” that “should give us the feeling of a waiting mass.” The sound epitomizes the experimental quality of the soundtrack of The Birds (1963). The sound accompanies the birds and is caused by their presence but is not quite of the birds, at least not the natural creatures we are familiar with. It suggests their objective presence yet evokes something alien, something larger than, or beyond, nature. Furthermore, if we follow Hitchcock's train of thought, there is a subjective aspect to this sound, as if it is colored with anxiety and expresses the internal “noise” that a fearful, acutely sensitive, self-consciously sentient listener might “hear.”
L’aspect exprimé par le suffixe chû ‘en cours de’ en japonais
Authors: Oshima Hiroko
Published: December 2013

This paper focuses on the aspectual value of the Sino-Japanese suffix -chû ‘in the process of’. It argues that the aspectual meaning and function of -chû differ from those expressed by the continuative aspect marker -teiru, and that these differences may be accounted for by the semantics of -chû. When suffixed to a verbal noun, -chû can only denote a temporary or a momentary activity, whereas -teiru can also denote an habitual and regular activity. When denoting a resultative state, -chû, unlike -teiru, implies a right boundary, and marks the state as temporary. Finally, unlike -teiru, -chû highlights the momentary nature of the event or state in question, so that, depending on the context, it can trigger the readings of ‘opportunity to be seized’ or ‘temporary prohibition’.   Nous montrons ici que l’aspect exprimé par le suffixe sino-japonais -chû ‘en cours de’ diffère de celui marqué par la forme en -teiru (marqueur d’aspect continuatif), et que ces différences sont dues au sémantisme du suffixe -chû. Quand il suffixe un nom verbal, -chû n’exprime qu’une activité temporaire et momentanée, alors que -teiru peut également marquer une activité habituelle et régulière. L’état résultant exprimé par chû est borné à droite et considéré comme temporaire, à la différence de l’état résultant marqué par -teiru. On constate également avec -chû un phénomène de saillance liée à la nature temporaire de l’intervalle, qui donne naissance suivant le contexte à diverses interprétations  d’occasion à saisir, ou au contraire d’interdiction provisoire d’accès, qui le distinguent aussi de -teiru.
Description of Culicoides paradoxalis sp. nov. from France and Portugal (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: RAMILO DAVID , GARROS CLAIRE , MATHIEU BRUNO , BENEDET CHRISTOPHE , ALLÈNE XAVIER , SILVA ELISABETE , ALEXANDRE-PIRES GRAÇA , FONSECA ISABEL PEREIRA DA , CARPENTER SIMON , RÁDROVÁ JANA , DELÉCOLLE JEAN-CLAUDE
Published: December 2013

A new species, Culicoides paradoxalis Ramilo and Delécolle (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), is described from specimens collected in France (Corsica and southeast region) and Portugal. This species resembles Culicoides lupicaris Downes and Kettle, and can be distinguished from this species and from Culicoides newsteadi Austen by its wing pattern, in addition to the absence of spines on the tarsomere 4 of female mid leg. In male, the presence of two appendices on the sternite 9 together with the absence of sensilla coeloconica on the flagellomere 11 is also useful to distinguish these three species. Separation from other members of the Culicoides subgenus is confirmed by the analysis of the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial marker.
Polymona schellhorni sp nov., a new lymantrid moth from Jordania (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)
Authors: SCHINTLMEISTER ALEXANDER , WITT THOMAS J.
Published: December 2013

Steffen Schellhorn recently presented a pair of specimens of an unidentified tussock moth from Jordania to the Witt Museum. This moth represents a previously unknown species of Polymona Walker, 1855, and is described herein.
From Colonialism to Denial of California Genocide to Misrepresentations
Authors: Fenelon James V. , Trafzer Clifford E.
Published: December 2013

Indigenous peoples’ complex analytical issues include historical misrepresentation, struggles over sovereignty and autonomy, and Euro-American “conquest” including invasion, genocide, culturicide, and coercive assimilation, ranging over half a millennium of invasion and colonization. Perhaps the most critically contentious of these issues is genocide. We review historical construction of racial formation and cultural domination, focus on California genocide of Native peoples, and present articles in this special issue as means of understanding these processes and proposing future directions for indigenous studies.
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Augmentation Index in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Çakar Mustafa , Bulucu Fatih , Karaman Murat , Ay Seyit Ahmet , Kurt Ömer , Balta Şevket , Demirkol Sait , Şarlak Hakan , Akhan Muharrem , Altun Battal , Yaman Halil , Arslan Erol , Demirbaş Şeref , Sağlam Kenan
Published: December 2013

Pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (Aix), and central aortic pressure (CAP) are arterial stiffness markers of endothelial dysfunction (ED). We investigated the relationship between arterial stiffness parameters and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA; a marker of ED), in newly diagnosed patients with hypertension (n = 101; 61 females). These patients were investigated in accordance with the recommendations of hypertension guidelines. Arterial stiffness was measured, and serum ADMA and C-reactive protein (CRP; a marker of inflammation) levels were determined. In both women and men, there was no difference in terms of age, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, PWV, CAP and the levels of ADMA, while Aix and CRP levels were significantly higher in women ( P = .004, P = .046, respectively). In the whole group, ADMA levels correlated with Aix (Pearson r = .237, P = .024). Our findings provide further evidence of a link between arterial stiffness and ED in newly diagnosed patients with hypertension.
Predictive Value of Admission Platelet Volume Indices for In-hospital Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Celik Turgay , Kaya Mehmet G. , Akpek Mahmut , Gunebakmaz Ozgur , Balta Sevket , Sarli Bahadir , Duran Mustafa , Demirkol Sait , Uysal Onur Kadir , Oguzhan Abdurrahman , Gibson C. Michael
Published: December 2013

Although mean platelet volume (MPV) is an independent correlate of impaired angiographic reperfusion and 6-month mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI), there is less data regarding the association between platelet distribution width (PDW) and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). A total of 306 patients with STEMI pPCI were evaluated. No reflow was defined as a post-PCI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade of 0, 1, or 2 (group 1). Angiographic success was defined as TIMI flow grade 3 (group 2). The values of MPV and PDW were higher among patients with no reflow. In-stent thrombosis, nonfatal myocardial infarction, in-hospital mortality, and MACEs were significantly more frequent among patients with no reflow. In multivariate analysis, PDW, MPV, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and glucose on admission were independent correlates of in-hospital MACEs. Admission PDW and MPV are independent correlates of no reflow and in-hospital MACEs among patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI.
Can screening 4–5 year olds accurately identify children who will have teacher-reported mental health problems when children are aged 6–7 years?
Authors: Sawyer Alyssa CP , Chittleborough Catherine R , Lynch John W , Baghurst Peter , Mittinty Murthy N , Kaim Amy LE , Sawyer Michael G
Published: December 2013

Objective:

To assess the screening accuracy of information obtained from parents of 4–5-year-old children for the purpose of identifying the children who have teacher-reported mental health problems when they are aged 6–7 years.

Method:

The study used data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) obtained when children were aged 4–5 years and 6–7 years. The level of children’s mental health problems was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) completed by parents when children were aged 4–5 years and by teachers when children were aged 6–7 years ( n=2163). When children were aged 4–5 years, parenting skills were assessed using three questionnaires developed for the parent-completed LSAC questionnaire and maternal mental health was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6).

Results:

When the level of parent-reported childhood mental health problems at 4–5 years old was used to identify children with teacher-reported mental health problems (i.e. a score in the “abnormal” range of the teacher-reported SDQ Total Difficulties Scale) when the children were aged 6–7 years, sensitivity was 26.8%, positive predictive value was 22.8%, and specificity was 92.9%. The addition of further information about the characteristics of children and their parents made only a small improvement to screening accuracy.

Conclusions:

Targeted interventions for preschool children may have the potential to play an important role in reducing the prevalence of mental health problems during the early school years. However, current capacity to accurately identify preschoolers who will experience teacher-reported mental health problems during the early school years is limited.
The Business Firm as a Political Actor
Authors: Scherer Andreas Georg , Palazzo Guido , Matten Dirk
Published: December 2013

The state governance system seems to be incapable to address sufficiently global public goods problems or to regulate global business so that the public interest is served. At the same time, international governmental organizations are unable to fill the governance gap while nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) criticize the behavior of business firms along their supply chains. Therefore, business firms are confronted with increasing social and environmental demands and are requested to take responsibility for issues of public concern. As a response, some business firms engage with corporate social responsibility (CSR) projects and directly contribute to the production of public goods. These developments challenge the received theory of the firm and its strict separation of public and private domains. Corporations become political actors. In this introductory essay, the guest editors first elaborate on the concept of politics and describe the challenges that lead to the new political role of global business firms and, second, will introduce the articles in this special issue and briefly comment on their contribution.
Global Private Regimes, Domestic Public Law
Authors: Prakash Aseem , Potoski Matthew
Published: December 2013

Debates about the efficacy of private environmental regimes have been fueled by disparate research findings, such as when the same regime that has been effective in one setting is found to be ineffective in another. In this article, we show that the efficacy of ISO 14001, the most widely adopted voluntary environmental regime in the world, is conditioned by the stringency of countries’ domestic regulations. In doing so, we outline a model of strategic corporate environmentalism wherein firms strategically focus their International Organization for Standardization (ISO) certification to reduce emissions of visible air pollutants as opposed to less visible water pollutants. Our analyses of pollution levels for a panel of 159 countries (73 for water pollution) from 1991 to 2005 indicate that ISO 14001 certifications reduce air (SO2) emissions in countries with less stringent environmental regulations but have no effect on air emissions in countries with stringent environmental regulations. We also find that ISO membership levels are not associated with reductions in water pollution levels (Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD), irrespective of stringency of domestic law. Our article suggests that the efficacy of global private environmental regimes is likely to be conditioned by the domestic regulatory context in which firms function, and given firm’s strategic considerations, this efficacy could vary across pollution types.
Freedom of information reform in China: information flow analysis
Authors: Xiao Weibing
Published: December 2013

Freedom of Information (FOI) in China has been approached as a strange and intriguing phenomenon. This article uses information flow analysis to propose a more detailed understanding of China’s FOI reform. Information flow, a theme to explore the gradual development of government receptivity to FOI in an information environment through time, is used as a new explanatory model for China’s FOI reform. This article argues that the reform is an outcome of improved information flow resulting from social, political, legal and economic factors. It also asserts that social, political and legal factors should be accorded a central role in understanding the development of FOI in China. Furthermore, China’s FOI reform formed part of a much longer process of increased transparency in the Chinese information environment. This is the reason China has adopted a model of FOI legislation stressing proactive disclosure.

Points for practitioners

The adoption of FOI legislation in China presents a special case study for FOI practitioners, that is, FOI officers. The practitioners face the challenge of processing information requests in an authoritarian regime. This article provides a more complete answer to the paradox of China’s FOI phenomenon. It focuses on local information flow conditions, and this provides a new perspective for FOI practitioners to understand China’s FOI reform. By applying information flow analysis, it argues that China’s FOI reform is an outcome of improved information flow resulting from social, political, legal and economic factors. This resulted in China adopting a model of FOI legislation emphasizing proactive disclosure. A complete and accurate understanding of this reform could help FOI practitioners to improve China’s FOI performance from the perspective of information flow.
Language, listening and learning: critically reflective accountability for INGOs
Authors: Crack Angela Maria
Published: December 2013

This article examines the emergence of two waves of reforms across the international non-government organization (INGO) sector in accountability discourse and practice. The first wave accountability model was narrowly framed around the demands of powerful stakeholders such as donors and governments, whereas the second wave was a more holistic approach that prioritized the obligations of INGOs towards their ‘beneficiaries’. It is argued that INGOs should embed critically reflective accountability by pursuing further reforms in three thematic areas. First, words such as ‘beneficiary’ should be expunged from the language of accountability, since it is encoded with norms that implicitly undermine the rights of people and communities to expect that INGOs should be answerable for their actions. Second, listening to marginalized stakeholders should be facilitated by inclusive discursive arenas that enable and empower people ‘to speak and be heard’. Lastly, INGOs need to use feedback to become a learning organization, and collaborate with peers to engender a culture of reflective learning across the sector.

Points for practitioners

The article offers several policy recommendations structured around three core themes. These include suggestions for the training of field staff, issues concerning the design of participatory exercises, and proposals for a strengthened regime of peer-regulation.
Sibilant /s/ Simulator Based on Computed Tomography Images and Dental Casts
Authors: Nozaki K. , Yoshinaga T. , Wada S.
Published: December 2013

The sibilant /s/ is produced by raising the tongue against the roof of the mouth to form a narrow constriction, which is adjusted so that the airstream emerging from it impinges on the incisors. However, the location where the sibilant sound occurs is unclear, as are the details of the mechanisms of its generation. In this study, we used a realistically shaped replica produced with a three-dimensional printer and demonstrated that turbulent flow was generated in the oral tract near the incisors and lips and that sufficiently developed turbulent flow generated a sound source up to 20,000 Hz at 333, 500, and 667 cm3/sec, which agrees with the range of physiological flow rates typical for /s/. The characteristics of the sound spectra agreed with those of the sibilant /s/ sound emitted by our control individual. Such a physical perspective could yield knowledge useful for oral surgery and speech science – for example, to predict how the generation of sibilants may be occasionally affected by orthodontic and prosthodontic treatments.
Morphological and Syntactic Awareness in Poor Comprehenders
Authors: Tong Xiuli , Deacon S. Hélène , Cain Kate
Published: December 2013

Poor comprehenders have intact word-reading skills but struggle specifically with understanding what they read. We investigated whether two metalinguistic skills, morphological and syntactic awareness, are specifically related to poor reading comprehension by including separate and combined measures of each. We identified poor comprehenders ( n = 15) and average comprehenders ( n = 15) in Grade 4 who were matched on word-reading accuracy and speed, vocabulary, nonverbal cognitive ability, and age. The two groups performed comparably on a morphological awareness task that involved both morphological and syntactic cues. However, poor comprehenders performed less well than average comprehenders on a derivational word analogy task in which there was no additional syntactic information, thus tapping only morphological awareness, and also less well on a syntactic awareness task, in which there were no morphological manipulations. Our task and participant-selection process ruled out key nonmetalinguistic sources of influence on these tasks. These findings suggest that the relationships among reading comprehension, morphological awareness, and syntactic awareness depend on the tasks used to measure the latter two. Future research needs to identify precisely in which ways these metalinguistic difficulties connect to challenges with reading comprehension.
The Effects of a Multilinguistic Morphological Awareness Approach for Improving Language and Literacy
Authors: Wolter Julie A. , Dilworth Valisa
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a multilinguistic intervention to improve reading and spelling in primary grade students who struggle with literacy. Twenty second-grade students with spelling deficits were randomly assigned to receive a multilinguistic intervention with a phonological and orthographic awareness emphasis, or one with an additional morphological awareness focus. The morphological intervention group performed better on standardized measures of reading comprehension, and spelling, and on a nonstandardized spelling test of morphological patterns. Both groups improved and no between-group differences were found on a standardized measure of word identification and word attack, as well as on a nonstandardized spelling test of orthographic patterns.
Improvisation as Ability, Culture, and Experience
Authors: Higgins Lee , Mantie Roger
Published: December 2013

We argue in this article for greater role for improvisation in the music classroom. Based on an extensive examination of scholarship about improvisational practices, we propose three conceptualizations—ability, culture, experience—that can serve to guide the teaching of improvisation. When considered as an ability, improvisation is a creative aspect of overall musicianship; considered as culture, improvisation is a distinctive way to understand specific musical practices; finally, considered as experience, improvisation is a distinctive way of being in and through music that reflects the fact that the act of living is largely improvisatory. Although we see merit in all three conceptualizations and provide pedagogical examples to support each in turn, we conclude that the last of these holds the greatest potential to positively affect school music classrooms.
Institutional Collective Action Issues in Nonprofit Self-Organized Collaboration
Authors: Jang Hee Soun , Feiock Richard C. , Saitgalina Marina
Published: December 2013

This study explores self-organized voluntary nonprofit collaboration to investigate why and under which circumstances nonprofit organizations participate in voluntary-based informal collaboration. To answer this question, we extend the institutional collective action (ICA) framework to identify the reasons why nonprofit organizations participate in informal collaborative arrangements. Based on data derived from a national survey of nonprofit organizations, we report evidence that the internal organizational conditions, embedded relationships, service areas, and client population of nonprofits influence their participation in informal collaborations.
Governance Beyond Government
Authors: Wachhaus Aaron
Published: December 2013

Our methods of governance are shifting. We increasingly rely on an interconnected web of public, private, and nonprofit actors working across organizational, institutional, and sectoral boundaries to deliver public services. Our understanding of these new practices, however, is reliant on models of individual rationality and social behavior developed for hierarchical organizational forms. I argue that collectivist models of decentralized, self-organizing social forms may advance our understanding of modern governance practices and balance tensions in three areas: perspectives on organizations (structure or process), between individual liberty and collective responsibility, and whether increasing freedom or control over individuals enhances organizational efficiencies.
Constructing the Suspicious
Authors: Regan Priscilla M. , Monahan Torin , Craven Krista
Published: December 2013

Suspicious activity reports (SARs) are an increasingly important tool in the law-enforcement repertoire, especially for counterterrorism. In spite of significant problems with such reports, they are experiencing a resurgence that can be attributed partly to the institutionalization of Department of Homeland Security (DHS) “fusion centers,” which are taking the lead in vetting and interpreting these reports as they enter into law-enforcement and counterterrorism databases. Based on a 3-year study of DHS fusion centers, this article reviews a range of problems with SARs and argues that robust community relationships are necessary to achieve contextually situated reports that eschew overt forms of bias.
Why Stop Self-Injuring? Development of the Reasons to Stop Self-Injury Questionnaire
Authors: Turner Brianna J. , Chapman Alexander L. , Gratz Kim L.
Published: December 2013

We developed a measure of reasons to refrain from nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), the Reasons to Stop Self-Injury Questionnaire (RSSIQ), and examined how such reasons are associated with vulnerability versus resiliency for NSSI. Following qualitative item generation, we explored the factor structure, reliability, and convergent validity of the RSSIQ in 218 self-injuring undergraduates. In Study 2, we confirmed the hierarchical factor structure in 146 self-injuring individuals. In Study 3, we examined the incremental predictive validity of the RSSIQ. These studies resulted in a 40-item inventory with nine subscales and two higher-order factors. Resiliency-related reasons to stop NSSI were associated with greater hopefulness, social support, and adaptive coping, and prospectively protected against NSSI 3 months later, while vulnerability-related reasons were associated with greater psychopathology and dysfunctional coping, and predicted more chronic and severe NSSI. These studies, and the RSSIQ, can enhance the assessment and treatment of NSSI by clarifying motivations to stop NSSI.
Validating the Remarriage Belief Inventory as a Dyadic Measure for Stepcouples
Authors: Garneau Chelsea L. , Adler-Baeder Francesca , Higginbotham Brian
Published: December 2013

Stepcouples remain a comparatively understudied group and few established measures specific to these couples exist. The Remarriage Belief Inventory assesses beliefs and attitudes relevant to couple dynamics in stepfamilies and has been validated using samples of individuals. An important next step in instrument development is the examination of the factorial structure for use with husband–wife dyads. Results from a dyadic confirmatory factor analysis using a sample of 631 stepcouples confirmed the structure of a final 21-item measure with seven subscales, with all but one subscale having adequate individual reliability. Within-couple correlations showed a strong relationship among many remarriage beliefs, yet they suggest that husbands and wives may be differentially influenced by partners’ beliefs. Within-individual correlations among subscales provide support for basic criterion validity. Implications and the future utility of this measure to examine dyadic processes in stepfamilies are discussed.
Theoretical Explanations Amid Social Change
Authors: Davis Shannon N. , Wills Jeremiah B.
Published: December 2013

Three main theoretical frameworks are used to explain the division of household labor: time availability, relative resources, and gender ideology. Examining 162 regression equations from 62 articles published from 1975 to 2012, we examine whether there has been a change in the likelihood that the three theoretical frameworks find empirical support over time. We find no evidence to suggest that there has been a declining significance of the three theories over time, as some family scholars recently have claimed.
Dietary Factors Modulate Helicobacter-associated Gastric Cancer in Rodent Models
Authors: Fox James G. , Wang Timothy C.
Published: December 2013

Since its discovery in 1982, the global importance of Helicobacter pylori–induced disease, particularly in developing countries, remains high. The use of rodent models, particularly mice, and the unanticipated usefulness of the gerbil to study H. pylori pathogenesis have been used extensively to study the interactions of the host, the pathogen, and the environmental conditions influencing the outcome of persistent H. pylori infection. Dietary factors in humans are increasingly recognized as being important factors in modulating progression and severity of H. pylori–induced gastric cancer. Studies using rodent models to verify and help explain mechanisms whereby various dietary ingredients impact disease outcome should continue to be extremely productive.
Numerical simulation of unsteady cavitation flow in a centrifugal pump at off-design conditions
Authors: Lei Tan , Shan Zhu Bao , Liang Cao Shu , Chuan Wang Yu , Bin Wang Bin
Published: December 2013

Unsteady cavitation flows in a centrifugal pump operating under off-design conditions are investigated by using a numerical framework combining the re-normalization group k–ɛ turbulence model and the transport equation-based cavitation model. The reliability and accuracy of the numerical model are demonstrated by the satisfactory agreement between the experimental and numerical values of the pump performance. Under partial discharge, the frequency spectra of the pressure fluctuation at the impeller inlet become more complex as the pump inlet pressure decreases. The maximum amplitude of pressure fluctuation at the blade leading edge for cavitation flow is 2.54 times larger than that for non-cavitation flow because of the violent disturbances caused by cavitation shedding and explosion. Under large discharge, the magnification on the maximum pressure amplitude is 1.6. This finding indicates that cavitation has less influence on pressure fluctuations in the impeller under large discharge than under partial discharge. This numerical simulation demonstrates the evolution of cavitation structure inside the impeller.
Emotion Regulation in Intractable Conflicts
Authors: Gross James J. , Halperin Eran , Porat Roni
Published: December 2013

It has long been apparent that negative emotions play a central role in intractable conflicts. Only recently, however, have scholars begun to use methods from affective science to test whether emotion regulation strategies can be used to influence conflict-related emotions in a way that would facilitate conflict resolution. To provide the context for this work, we begin by considering the roles emotions play in intractable conflicts. Next, we discuss how emotion regulation might be relevant to intractable conflicts, with a particular focus on cognitive reappraisal. We then review recent studies, conducted mainly in the context of the Middle East conflict, which suggest that cognitive reappraisal may be able to reduce negative emotions and promote public support for peaceful policies. We conclude by describing future challenges and opportunities for research in this area.
Realizing the Potential of Behavioral Intervention Technologies
Authors: Schueller Stephen M. , Muñoz Ricardo F. , Mohr David C.
Published: December 2013

Behavioral intervention technologies (BITs) apply behavioral and psychological intervention strategies by using digital media to target behaviors, cognitions, and emotions in support of physical and mental health. BITs offer promising opportunities to expand psychological practice. However, to realize the potential of BITs, psychologists must understand both the possibilities and the limitations associated with using technology to advance psychology. We review examples of the most cutting-edge BITs and discuss features that differentiate BITs from traditional modes of delivery. We highlight major challenges in designing BITs, including adherence, engagement, technological and interventional obsolescence, multidisciplinary collaboration, and a reliance on psychological skeuomorphisms. Psychologists who do not understand the conceptual and applied considerations involved in creating BITs risk being left out of the development of BITs in the future. Teaming psychologists with experts in technology will help to promote novel interventions rather than using technology to disseminate existing treatments.
“It’s Not Fair”
Authors: McParland Joanna L. , Eccleston Christopher
Published: December 2013

Social justice appraisals refer to evaluations about fairness. These judgments are particularly pertinent in the experience of an undeserved fate, such as the suffering caused by a chronic health complaint. Published research examining the implications of these appraisals for adjustment to long-term painful conditions has emerged only recently, focused in two areas of investigation. One area shows that perceived injustice for pain may be a vulnerability factor that can block adjustment. The second area shows that maintaining some sense of justice in life, despite personal adversity, might protect psychological health when people are in pain. The review discusses this research and identifies key reactions to perceived injustice in the context of chronic pain. We call for investigations to synthesize this research, specifically to establish mediators and moderators of varied justice appraisals, to examine the relationships between core justice beliefs and injustice appraisals, and to identify drivers of responses to injustice. Finally, we consider interventions for those pain sufferers struggling to cope with perceived injustice.
Dealing with Law in Migration Control
Authors: Alpes Maybritt Jill , Spire Alexis
Published: December 2013

This article examines how street-level bureaucrats within migration control use their scope for discretionary powers. On the basis of two ethnographic studies of French consulates in Yaoundé and Tunis, we argue that state agents’ practices are significantly shaped by organizational constraints such as how decision-making processes are organized and the bureaucratic habitus, including the fear of fraud. Like other street-level bureaucrats, consular agents are able to draw on legal frameworks in a flexible and instrumental manner. Yet, in the field of migration policy, their scope for discretionary decision making is wider and influenced by their belief that they are acting to defend the national interest. This gives a more political dimension to the way such agents deal with law.
Leading the world: Public sector reform and e-government in Korea
Authors: O’Donnell Michael , Turner Mark
Published: December 2013

An integral component of public management reform in Korea has been e-government, a field in which Korea has been a pioneer and in which it is the world leader. This article examines the Korean model of public management reform in the context of the developmental state and democratisation to describe and explain the emergence and expansion of e-government practices. The growth of e-government is tracked and the crucial role of the Ministry of Public Administration and Security delineated. Also covered are Government for Citizens initiatives, the provision of particular services, the mushrooming use of smart phones and emerging patterns of citizen participation, especially as related to local-level governance. The article demonstrates how much can be achieved in e-government and provides a model from which other countries can choose appropriate practices.
Beyond the illusion of numbers: A challenge for financial regulators and analysts
Authors: Royal Carol , O’Donnell Loretta
Published: December 2013

Global financial crises and potential sovereign defaults provide an opportunity for financial regulators and analysts to revise assumptions in their risk models. These conditions are also an opportunity for regulators and analysts to distinguish the ‘hyper-real’ economy, represented by derivatives, from the real economy, which requires assessment through an analysis of human as well as financial capital. Regulators are required to demonstrate that they are skilled in conducting the most thorough analysis of all elements of the finance system in order to help the investing public to manage risk as much as possible. The contribution of this article is to overview the limitations inherent in regulators’ traditional focus on financial analysis, as well as in financial analysts’ failure to consider the relevance of people management data when evaluating the potential performance of knowledge-intensive, service-based organisations. The article argues for a stronger focus on analysis of non-financial capital, including human capital, to provide a more effective ‘early warning’ of potential financial distress.
Public sector management and the changing nature of the developmental state in Korea and Malaysia
Authors: Turner Mark , O’Donnell Michael , Suh Chung-Sok , Kwon Seung-Ho
Published: December 2013

This article traces the role of the state in developmental theory and practice, paying particular attention to public sector management. The early orthodoxy of modernisation theory put the state at the centre of development, giving it prime responsibility for generating development. Realisations of the shortcomings of modernisation theory and disappointment with its results led to the rise of neoliberal approaches in development thinking and action, with a focus on the shrinking state. However, in turn, the efficacy of neoliberalism has been questioned, and its human toll has been critiqued. Coupled with evidence of the success of the East Asian developmental states, the result has been a rethinking of the state and a new acknowledgment of its central role in development. Strong institutions and efficient, effective and responsive public sector management have been identified as key ingredients of capable states that made development happen. In outlining this trajectory, the article introduces the case studies that comprise this symposium.
Semi-active vibration suppression for smart structures with sliding-mode control
Authors: Okubo Hiroshi , Yano Hiroki , Itoh Takuji
Published: December 2013

A semi-active vibration suppression system is developed for flexible structures. The vibration suppression system comprises bimorph piezoelectric ceramic tiles shunted by a resistor–inductor electrical circuit with a switching component. The vibration suppression control is designed by tuning the optimal resistance and inductance parameters of the shunted resistor–inductor network. In this article, we propose a semi-active vibration control technique to improve the damping effect while maintaining the stability of the passive control system. The proposed control law is similar to a sliding-mode control that accelerates the convergence of the system using switching functions. This study shows that the resonant circuit functions as a type of dynamic damper for mechanical systems and that the sliding-mode control is very effective for damping the multi-mode responses. The results of the numerical simulations of a cantilevered beam show that a semi-active vibration control system is more effective in damping vibrations than a passive control system. A hardware demonstration based on a laboratory model has also been carried out. The preliminary results of the experiment show that the system is sensitive to the noise, and improved implementation of the switching circuit is needed for practical application.
A Favorable Course of Palliative Sedation
Authors: Brinkkemper Tijn , Rietjens Judith A. C. , Deliens Luc , Ribbe Miel W. , Swart Siebe J. , Loer Stephan A. , Zuurmond Wouter W. A. , Perez Roberto S. G. M.
Published: December 2013

Objective:

Comparing characteristics of a favorable sedation course during palliative sedation to a less favorable course based on the reports Dutch physicians and nurses.

Results:

Cases identified as having a favorable sedation course less often concerned a male patient ( P = .019 nurses’ cases), reached the intended sedation depth significantly quicker ( P < .05 both nurses and physicians’ cases), reached a deeper level of sedation ( P = .015 physicians’ cases), and had a shorter total duration of sedation compared ( P < .001 physicians’ cases) to patients with a less favorable sedation course.

Conclusions:

A favorable course during palliative sedation seems more probable when health care professionals report on a (relatively) shorter time to reach the required depth of sedation and when a deeper level of sedation can be obtained.