bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Agri-Environmental Externalities in Spanish Socio-Ecological Landscapes of Olive Groves
Authors: López-Pintor Antonio , Sanz-Cañada Javier , Salas Ernesto , Rescia Alejandro
Published: July 2018

Traditional agricultural systems and their spatial context constitute socio-ecological landscapes for their long co-evolutionary history. However, these systems not only generate positive but also negative agri-environmental externalities, such as soil erosion, diffuse pollution and potential wild biodiversity degradation. In this paper, we present a methodological approach for developing and testing indicators to estimate the effects of these externalities, especially designed to be used to help guide land-use policy changes. Our results show that the indicators proposed can recognize the different environmental situations posed by the three selected study areas, in terms of potential erosion and diffuse pollution, as well as in the actual agri-environmental externalities assessment. As expected, they also respond to the changes in land use and management introduced by two scenarios, ecological and productive. Although the erosion and diffuse pollution indicators showed a linear response, the diversity indicator showed a non-linear response, which highlights the importance of the spatial structure of landscape in agri-environmental assessment. In fact, several ecological processes can be affected by landscape spatial structure, potentially giving unexpected results both in terms of indicators and of real impact of agri-environmental externalities. Therefore, some landscape structure assessment should accompany that of externalities when considering land-use policy objectives.
Exposure to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields in Homes and Areas Surrounding Urban Transformer Stations in Silla (Spain): Environmental Impact Assessment
Authors: Navarro-Camba Enrique A. , Segura-García Jaume , Gomez-Perretta Claudio
Published: July 2018

Exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELFs) is almost inevitable almost anywhere in the world. An ELF magnetic field (ELF-MF) of around 1 mG = 0.1 μT is typically measured in any home of the world with a certain degree of development and well-being. There is fear and concern about exposure to electromagnetic fields from high- and medium-voltage wiring and transformer stations, especially internal transformer stations (TSs), which in Spain are commonly located inside residential buildings on the ground floor. It is common for neighbors living near these stations to ask for stations to be moved away from their homes, and to ask for information about exposure levels and their effects. Municipality is the closest administration to the citizens that must solve this situation, mediating between the citizens, the utility companies and the national administration. In this case, the municipality of Silla (València, Spain) wanted to know the levels of exposure in the dwellings annexed to the TSs, to compare them with Spanish legislation and the recommendations coming from epidemiological studies. This article presents the first systematic campaign of ELF-MF measurements from TSs carried out in a Spanish city. Many measurements were carried out in the rooms of the apartments doing spatial averages of spatial grid measurements. Measurements are made in the bed and bedrooms and a weighted average and an environmental impact indicator were obtained for each location. We found that old TSs usually provide the highest peak exposure levels. A notable result of this work is that approximately one quarter of the population living above or next to a TS would be exposed to a weighted MF level greater than 0.3 μT, and that about a 10% of this population would not be able to relocate their bedroom or living room to minimize the level of exposure.
Modern Conceptions of Cities as Smart and Sustainable and Their Commonalities
Authors: D’Auria Anna , Tregua Marco , Vallejo-Martos Manuel Carlos
Published: July 2018

The present work aims to determine the existence of commonalities between two modern conceptions of cities, i.e., smart and sustainable. To accomplish this, the authors carried out a systematic review of the most-cited scientific contributions chosen by the scholars proposing conceptualisation of the two topics, according to the H-index determined by Web of Science. The findings show that the most important contributions representing the antecedents with respect to the concepts of a smart city and a sustainable city can be classified into three groups: labelled as what, how and with, and describing the definitions, the role of technology, and the pillars (in the case of a smart city); the groups labelled as what, how and with depicts definitions, change and challenges, and key features (in the case of a sustainable city). Starting from the conception of a smart city as the evolution of a digital city, the smart city concept not only considers aspects related to technology and innovation but adds the human features of city life. The sustainable city concept can be understood as a new approach through the filter of a new philosophy; it is an equitable and balanced setting of goals in line with the principles of sustainable development. Both concepts cannot be thought of as contrasting; in fact, they share many commonalities. This is because the attention focused on social, environmental and economic issues has framed the debate over sustainability and converged in the definition of a smart city and—obviously—in the notion of a sustainable city. The main contribution of this paper is in considering the smart city as mainly setting the guidelines of a transforming city, while the sustainable city is mostly thought as an approach and a philosophy to modern cities.
How Social Entrepreneurs Affect Performance of Social Enterprises in Korea: The Mediating Effect of Innovativeness
Authors: Shin Changhwan
Published: July 2018

Schumpeter argued that entrepreneurship brings about creative destruction in capitalist economies. South Korea enacted the Social Enterprise Promotion Act in 2007 to promote corporate social enterprise. However, despite government support, social enterprises in Korea are not successful, especially in social and economic performance, which is defined as the social and economic value that social enterprises should pursue. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 100 social entrepreneurs, and the structural equation model was used as the research method. The results of the analysis are as follows. Openness and innovativeness have a positive direct impact on economic as well as social performance. In addition, openness and innovativeness play a mediating role not only in social performance, but also in economic performance. This paper suggests theoretical and policy implications based on the above analysis.
Towards Risk-Sensitive and Transformative Urban Development in Sub Saharan Africa
Authors: Leck Hayley , Pelling Mark , Adelekan Ibidun , Dodman David , Issaka Hamadou , Johnson Cassidy , Manda Mtafu , Mberu Blessing , Nwokocha Ezebunwa , Osuteye Emmanuel , Boubacar Soumana
Published: July 2018

Risk-sensitive urban development is required to reduce accumulated risk and to better consider risk when planning new developments. To deliver a sustainable city for all requires a more frank and comprehensive focus on procedure: On who makes decisions, under which frameworks, based upon what kind of data or knowledge, and with what degree and direction of accountability? Acting on these procedural questions is the promise of transformative urban development. This paper explores the status of risk sensitive and transformative urban development and the scope for transition towards these components of sustainability in urban sub-Saharan Africa through the lens of diverse city cases: Karonga (Malawi), Ibadan (Nigeria), Niamey (Niger) and Nairobi (Kenya). The paper draws from a 3-year research and capacity building programme called Urban Africa: Risk Knowledge that aims to address gaps in data, understandings and capacity to break cycles of risk accumulation. A common analytical framework is presented to help identify blockages and opportunities for transition towards a risk-sensitive and transformative urban development. This framework is then illustrated through each city in turn and a concluding discussion reflects on city observations to draw out recommendations for city level and wider action and research partnerships.
Circular Economy in the Triple Helix of Innovation Systems
Authors: Anttonen Markku , Lammi Minna , Mykkänen Juri , Repo Petteri
Published: July 2018

The Triple Helix concept of innovation systems holds that consensus space among industry, government and university is required to bring together their competences to achieve enhanced economic and social development on a systemic scale. In line with this argument, this article analyses empirically how the concept of circular economy is conceived in the institutional spheres of “industry”, “government” and “university”. Innovation systems are constantly being reconstructed through knowledge production and communication, which is reflected in how concepts develop in the different spheres. By applying natural language processing tools to key contributions from each of the three spheres (the “Triple Helix”), it is shown that, although institutional backgrounds do contribute to differing conceptualizations of circular economy, there is a substantial but limited conceptual consensus space, which, according to the Triple Helix, should open new opportunities for innovations. The consensus space shared across the three spheres focuses on materials and products and sees circular economy as a way to create new resources, businesses and products from waste. The industry sphere highlights business opportunities on global scale, which are also evident in the government sphere. The government sphere connects circular economy to waste-related innovation policies targeted at industrial renewal, economic growth, investments and jobs. The university sphere, in turn, focuses on production and environmental issues, waste and knowledge, and is rather distinct from the two other spheres. The importance of the differing conceptions of circular economy is based on the logic of Triple Helix systems. Accordingly, sufficient consensus between the Triple Helix spheres can advance the application of the concept of circular economy beyond the individual spheres to achieve systemic changes.
Optimization of the Power Output of a Bare Wind Turbine by the Use of a Plain Conical Diffuser
Authors: Masukume Peace-Maker , Makaka Golden , Mukumba Patrick
Published: July 2018

A plain conical diffuser is optimized to augment the wind speed at the throat of the diffuser. The diffuser is used in the construction of a diffuser augmented wind turbine (DAWT) to augment the power output of a bare wind turbine (BWT). Experiments with empty conical diffusers were done to determine optimum geometrical parameters for the diffuser to achieve maximum wind speed augmentation. Using the obtained optimum geometrical parameters, an optimized plain conical DAWT was designed, constructed, and field tested. A twin decentralized wind energy system which comprised a BWT and the optimized plain conical DAWT was erected. The electrical power output from these systems was measured and compared. The optimized plain conical DAWT reduced the cut-in wind speed of a BWT from 2.5 m/s to 1.6 m/s. The power output was increased by a factor of 2.5. This power output is comparable to that of flanged diffusers. However, flanged-DAWTs are more inert due to the addition of the flange. Its response to wind speed and direction is slow as compared to plain conical DAWT. Thus, it cannot fully exploit the potential of the wind. Also, the addition of the flange increases its production cost. Therefore, plain conical DAWT can replace flanged-DAWT in wind power augmentation.
Examining Relationships between Social Capital, Emotion Experience and Life Satisfaction for Sustainable Community
Authors: Zou Tong , Su Yikun , Wang Yaowu
Published: July 2018

As an important component of urban construction, the community sustainable construction is of great significance to the social development. Despite the importance of the social dimension of community sustainability, it has received relatively little attention when compared to the sustainability of environmental and economic dimensions. Based on the literature review, it is found that the social dimension of the sustainable community, such as residents’ psychological feelings, social capital, has a strong effect on the sustainability of communities. This paper, therefore, conducts an empirical study on the mediating role of emotion experience on the associations between social capital and life satisfaction. Research on the relationship between them can help to generate synergies and strengthen the effect of promoting community sustainable development. A total of 229 complete responses from residents in China is used for data analysis. Results from the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that social capital has the significant positive effect on life satisfaction; the influence of social capital on life satisfaction is partly mediated by positive and negative affect, the social capital improves the life satisfaction through promoting positive affect, while it enhances the life satisfaction through restraining the negative affect. Based on the relationship between them, the relevant recommendations for the measures on the sustainable community can be proposed.
Honey Bee and Bumble Bee Antiviral Defense
Authors: McMenamin Alexander J. , Daughenbaugh Katie F. , Parekh Fenali , Pizzorno Marie C. , Flenniken Michelle L.
Published: July 2018

Bees are important plant pollinators in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Managed and wild bees have experienced high average annual colony losses, population declines, and local extinctions in many geographic regions. Multiple factors, including virus infections, impact bee health and longevity. The majority of bee-infecting viruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Bee-infecting viruses often cause asymptomatic infections but may also cause paralysis, deformity or death. The severity of infection is governed by bee host immune responses and influenced by additional biotic and abiotic factors. Herein, we highlight studies that have contributed to the current understanding of antiviral defense in bees, including the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), the Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) and bumble bee species (Bombus spp.). Bee antiviral defense mechanisms include RNA interference (RNAi), endocytosis, melanization, encapsulation, autophagy and conserved immune pathways including Jak/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and the NF-κB mediated Toll and Imd (immune deficiency) pathways. Studies in Dipteran insects, including the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and pathogen-transmitting mosquitos, provide the framework for understanding bee antiviral defense. However, there are notable differences such as the more prominent role of a non-sequence specific, dsRNA-triggered, virus limiting response in honey bees and bumble bees. This virus-limiting response in bees is akin to pathways in a range of organisms including other invertebrates (i.e., oysters, shrimp and sand flies), as well as the mammalian interferon response. Current and future research aimed at elucidating bee antiviral defense mechanisms may lead to development of strategies that mitigate bee losses, while expanding our understanding of insect antiviral defense and the potential evolutionary relationship between sociality and immune function.
Characteristics of Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Meteorological Drought in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of Northwest China
Authors: Fang Yuan , Qian Hui , Chen Jie , Xu Han
Published: July 2018

This study focuses on the intensity, duration, and frequency of meteorological droughts in Ningxia, northwest China, from 1960 to 2016. The analysis was conducted using the interannual characteristics of droughts, which were studied by the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at different timescales. Additionally, the correlation, mutability, and periodicity of two series in both the time and frequency domains in multi-time scales were scientifically analyzed using the wavelet analysis method. The results showed that the occurrence of drought had increased at different timescales (i.e., SPEI1, SPEI3, and SPEI12) during the past 57 years. The autumn drought had the largest share; spring is the high-occurrence season of extreme drought and the overall drought intensity increases towards the north. The periodical change of droughts was described with the wavelet coefficient real part value, wavelet power spectrum, and wavelet variance. The results showed that the 13- and 8-year time scales had the strongest oscillation and energy, and they were the first and the second major periods of drought. Moreover, the drought mutational fluctuations are in better agreement with that characterized by the SPEI12 and actual conditions. The results help to understand the occurrence and evolution of droughts in Ningxia, and to provide a scientific basis to reduce and prevent the drought disaster.
Understanding Fundamental Phenomena Affecting the Water Conservation Technology Adoption of Residential Consumers Using Agent-Based Modeling
Authors: Rasoulkhani Kambiz , Logasa Brianne , Presa Reyes Maria , Mostafavi Ali
Published: July 2018

More than one billion people will face water scarcity within the next ten years due to climate change and unsustainable water usage, and this number is only expected to grow exponentially in the future. At current water use rates, supply-side demand management is no longer an effective way to combat water scarcity. Instead, many municipalities and water agencies are looking to demand-side solutions to prevent major water loss. While changing conservation behavior is one demand-based strategy, there is a growing movement toward the adoption of water conservation technology as a way to solve water resource depletion. Installing technology into one’s household requires additional costs and motivation, creating a gap between the overall potential households that could adopt this technology, and how many actually do. This study identified and modeled a variety of demographic and household characteristics, social network influence, and external factors such as water price and rebate policy to see their effect on residential water conservation technology adoption. Using Agent-based Modeling and data obtained from the City of Miami Beach, the coupled effects of these factors were evaluated to examine the effectiveness of different pathways towards the adoption of more water conservation technologies. The results showed that income growth and water pricing structure, more so than any of the demographic or building characteristics, impacted household adoption of water conservation technologies. The results also revealed that the effectiveness of rebate programs depends on conservation technology cost and the affluence of the community. Rebate allocation did influence expensive technology adoption, with the potential to increase the adoption rate by 50%. Additionally, social network connections were shown to have an impact on the rate of adoption independent of price strategy or rebate status. These findings will lead the way for municipalities and other water agencies to more strategically implement interventions to encourage household technology adoption based on the characteristics of their communities.
Intelligent Evaluation System of Water Inrush in Roadway (Tunnel) and Its Application
Authors: Shi Shaoshuai , Xie Xiaokun , Wen Zhijie , Zhou Zongqing , Li Liping , Song Shuguang , Wu Zhonghu
Published: July 2018

The risk assessment of mine water inrush is a complicated theoretical and technical problem that concerns hydrogeology conditions, engineering geology, mining conditions, rock mechanics, etc. To address this problem, a software system for the risk assessment of mine water inrush was established. From the matter-element extension theory, combined with the entropy-weight method, a matter-element extension entropy-weight model was constructed to evaluate mine safety. Eleven indices were determined based on the principles of science, rationality, operability, and representation, and each index was quantitatively graded. This system had built-in abundant cases of typical mine water inrush so users could determine the value of the parameter according to the analogy of water inrush cases with similar conditions. Combined with the analysis of typical water inrush cases, a database of water control measures with a strong advisory function was established. Finally, through the case study of a typical mine, it was found that the results of this study agreed with the practical ones, indicating that this system could improve the accuracy and availability of the risk assessment of mine water inrush.
Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation
Authors: Ermakova Alina M , Morozova Julia E , Shalaeva Yana V , Syakaev Victor V , Gubaidullin Aidar T , Voloshina Alexandra D , Zobov Vladimir V , Nizameev Irek R , Bazanova Olga B , Antipin Igor S , Konovalov Alexander I
Published: July 2018

In order to obtain a non-toxic amphiphilic calixresorcinarene capable to form nanoconjugates for drug encapsulation, tetraundecylcalixresorcinarene functionalized by methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) chains has been synthesized. The macrocycle obtained is characterized by low hemotoxicity. In aqueous solution it forms nanoassociates that are able to encapsulate organic substrates of different hydrophobicity, including drugs (doxorubicin, naproxen, ibuprofen, quercetin). The micelles of the macrocycle slowed down the release of the hydrophilic substrates in vitro. In physiological sodium chloride solution and phosphate-buffered saline, the micelles of the macrocycle acquire thermoresponsive properties and exhibit a temperature-controlled release of doxorubicin in vitro. The combination of the low toxicity and the encapsulation properties of the obtained calixresorcinarene–mPEG conjugate shows promising potential for the use as a supramolecular drug-delivery system.
New Young Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the Upper Scorpius Association∗
Authors: Luhman K. L. , Herrmann K. A. , Mamajek E. E. , Esplin T. L. , Pecaut M. J.
Published: July 2018

To improve the census of the Upper Sco association (∼11 Myr, ∼145 pc), we have identified candidate members using parallaxes, proper motions, and color–magnitude diagrams from several wide-field imaging surveys and have obtained optical and infrared spectra of several hundred candidates to measure their spectral types and assess their membership. We also have performed spectroscopy on a smaller sample of previously known or suspected members to refine their spectral types and evidence of membership. We have classified 530 targets as members of Upper Sco, 377 of which lack previous spectroscopy. Our new compilation of all known members of the association contains 1631 objects. Although the census of Upper Sco has expanded significantly over the last decade, there remain hundreds of candidates that lack spectroscopy. The precise parallaxes and proper motions from the second data release of Gaia should extend down to substellar masses in Upper Sco, which will greatly facilitate the identification of the undiscovered members.
ASASSN-15nx: A Luminous Type II Supernova with a “Perfect” Linear Decline
Authors: Bose Subhash , Dong Subo , Kochanek C. S. , Pastorello Andrea , Katz Boaz , Bersier David , Andrews Jennifer E. , Prieto J. L. , Stanek K. Z. , Shappee B. J. , Smith Nathan , Kollmeier Juna , Benetti Stefano , Cappellaro E. , Chen Ping , Elias-Rosa N. , Milne Peter , Morales-Garoffolo Antonia , Tartaglia Leonardo , Tomasella L. , Bilinski Christopher , Brimacombe Joseph , Frank Stephan , Holoien T. W.-S. , Kilpatrick Charles D. , Kiyota Seiichiro , Madore Barry F. , Rich Jeffrey A.
Published: July 2018

We report a luminous Type II supernova, ASASSN-15nx, with a peak luminosity of

mag that is between those of typical core-collapse supernovae and super-luminous supernovae. The post-peak optical light curves show a long, linear decline with a steep slope of 2.5 mag (100 day)−1 (i.e., an exponential decline in flux) through the end of observations at phase

. In contrast, the light curves of hydrogen-rich supernovae (SNe II-P/L) always show breaks in their light curves at phase ∼100 day, before settling onto 56Co radioactive decay tails with a decline rate of about 1 mag (100 day)−1. The spectra of ASASSN-15nx do not exhibit the narrow emission-line features characteristic of Type IIn SNe, which can have a wide variety of light-curve shapes usually attributed to strong interactions with a dense circumstellar medium (CSM). ASASSN-15nx has a number of spectroscopic peculiarities, including a relatively weak and triangular-shaped Hα emission profile with no absorption component. The physical origin of these peculiarities is unclear, but the long and linear post-peak light curve without a break suggests a single dominant powering mechanism. Decay of a large amount of

(M
Ni = 1.6 ± 0.2

) can power the light curve of ASASSN-15nx, and the steep light-curve slope requires substantial γ-ray escape from the ejecta, which is possible given a low-mass hydrogen envelope for the progenitor. Another possibility is strong CSM interactions powering the light curve, but the CSM needs to be sculpted to produce the unique light-curve shape and avoid producing SN IIn-like narrow emission lines.
Spiral Arms in Disks: Planets or Gravitational Instability?
Authors: Dong 董 Ruobing 若冰 , Najita Joan R. , Brittain Sean
Published: July 2018

Spiral arm structures seen in scattered-light observations of protoplanetary disks can potentially serve as signposts of planetary companions. They can also lend unique insights into disk masses, which are critical in setting the mass budget for planet formation but are difficult to determine directly. A surprisingly high fraction of disks that have been well studied in scattered light have spiral arms of some kind (8/29), as do a high fraction (6/11) of well-studied Herbig intermediate-mass stars (i.e., Herbig stars >1.5 M
⊙). Here we explore the origin of spiral arms in Herbig systems by studying their occurrence rates, disk properties, and stellar accretion rates. We find that two-arm spirals are more common in disks surrounding Herbig intermediate-mass stars than are directly imaged giant planet companions to mature A and B stars. If two-arm spirals are produced by such giant planets, this discrepancy suggests that giant planets are much fainter than predicted by hot-start models. In addition, the high stellar accretion rates of Herbig stars, if sustained over a reasonable fraction of their lifetimes, suggest that disk masses are much larger than inferred from their submillimeter continuum emission. As a result, gravitational instability is a possible explanation for multiarm spirals. Future observations can lend insights into the issues raised here.
The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. VII. Constraints on the Origin of S0 Galaxies from Their Photometric Structure
Authors: Gao 高 Hua 桦 , Ho Luis C. , Barth Aaron J. , Li Zhao-Yu
Published: July 2018

Using high-quality optical images from the Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey, we perform multicomponent decompositions of S0 galaxies (S0s) to derive accurate structural parameters to constrain their physical origin. Many S0s do not host prominent bulges. S0s have a broad distribution of bulge-to-total ratios (B/T) and Sérsic indices (n), with average values of B/T = 0.34 ± 0.15 and n = 2.62 ± 1.02, qualitatively consistent with the notion that S0s define a parallel sequence with and may have evolved from spiral galaxies. This is further reinforced by the incidence of bars and lenses in S0s, which, when compared with the statistics in spirals, supports the idea that lenses are demised bars. However, despite their wide range of prominence, the bulges of S0s form a surprisingly uniform sequence on both the Kormendy and fundamental plane relations. There is no evidence for population dichotomy or other indications of differentiation into classical and pseudo bulges. Most of the S0s reside in the field and in groups; cluster environment is not a necessary condition for S0 production. The properties of S0 bulges show little correlation with environmental indicators, after the dependence of galaxy stellar mass on environment is taken into account. As the bulges of late-type spirals and S0s are intrinsically different, and environmental effects that may account for such evolution appear to be minimal, we conclude that late-type spirals are not plausible progenitors of S0s. The bulges of S0s likely formed at an early epoch, after which secular processes contributed little to their subsequent evolution.
Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Versus Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Post-Capsulorrhaphy Arthropathy
Authors: Cuff Derek J. , Santoni Brandon G.
Published: July 2018

Post-capsulorrhaphy arthropathy is a long-term sequela that can develop after open anterior stabilization surgeries, which have historically been performed. The purpose of this study was to compare anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (ATSA) with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) for the treatment of post-capsulorrhaphy arthropathy. There were 19 patients in the ATSA cohort and 20 in the RTSA cohort. All patients included had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up (ATSA mean, 59.5 months; RTSA mean, 43.8 months). Patients were followed clinically (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Simple Shoulder Test score, range of motion analysis, and patient satisfaction) as well as radiographically, allowing a comparison of the 2 cohorts. Mean outcome scores were similar in the ATSA and the RTSA cohorts, with no difference between the 2 groups. The ATSA group had greater postoperative forward elevation (153° vs 139°;
P
=.01) than the RTSA group, but no other differences were noted in motion. The ATSA group had less satisfied patients (84% vs 95%), a higher complication rate (21% vs 10%), and a higher revision rate (16% vs 0%) compared with the RTSA group. For post-capsulorrhaphy arthropathy, patients treated with ATSA and patients treated with RTSA had comparable improvements in outcome scores and range of motion. However, the complication rate was higher in the ATSA group. All complications in the ATSA cohort were related to subscapularis insufficiency and postoperative anterior instability problems, resulting in a higher revision rate in this cohort (16%) compared with the RTSA cohort (0%). [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(5):275–280.]
Panic disorders: The role of genetics and epigenetics
Authors: Kim Eun Jeong , Kim Yong-Ku
Published: July 2018

Panic disorder is characterized by symptoms with abrupt surges of fear with palpitations, sweating, trembling, heat sensations. Considering its disease burden on each individual and on society, understanding its etiology is important. Though no one specific etiology has been known, like other psychiatric disorders, multiple factors such as genetic, environmental, neurobiological, psychopathological factors have been suggested. In this article, we reviewed currently known etiologies and related study results, regarding especially genetic and epigenetic aspects of the panic disorder. Early studies, including twin studies, family studies, adoption studies suggested highly familial trait of panic disorder. Linkage studies, either, found panic disorder is not a single gene disorder but confirmed existence of multiple related genes. Chromosome and candidate gene studies found few related genes, NPY, ADORA2A, COMT, IKBKE. Newer method, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been searching for newer genes. No genome-wide significant genes, however, were detected, confirming previously known candidate genes, NPY5R on 4q31.3-32, BDKRB2 on 14q32, instead. Epigenetic modification has also been studied on many different psychiatric disorders. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) hypomethylation, taken together with negative life events, showed relation with panic disorder. Glutamate decarbodylases 1 (GAD1) hypomethylation was also specific on panic disorder patients. Relation with noradrenaline transporter (NET) gene SLC6a2 promoter methylation has also been studied. In conclusion, no specific gene or epigenetic pattern can fully explain etiology of panic disorder. Few genes and epigenetic patterns, however, showed strong association with panic disorder compared to healthy controls. Considering its multivariable background, further studies with larger populations can confirm current results and clarify etiologies of panic disorder.
Design of Photovoltaic Power Supply MPPT Circuit for WSN Node Based on Current Observation
Authors: Zhang Lieping , Yu Yanlin , Ma Hang , Zhang Yu , Cao Peng
Published: July 2018

In view of the problem of low energy collection efficiency and low efficiency of photovoltaic power supply modules in wireless sensor networks, a maximum power point tracking algorithm suitable for photovoltaic power supply of wireless sensor nodes is proposed. Firstly, the photovoltaic cell model is analyzed. Based on this, the traditional maximum power point tracking algorithm is analyzed. Combining with the advantages of disturbance observing method and load current maximization method, the problem of low working efficiency and low energy collection efficiency of functional modules is solved. Current observation method maximum power point tracking algorithm, and complete the relevant hardware circuit design. Experimental results show that the power consumption of MPPT circuit is low, and the efficiency caused by environmental factors is very small. The efficiency is kept above 90% and the overall system efficiency is about 87%, which provides a stable and reliable photovoltaic power supply for WSN nodes.
Site-Specific Ground Motion Studies for a Deep Soil Site Near Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Authors: Boominathan A. , Kumar Krishna , Vijaya R.
Published: July 2018

Design ground motions are usually developed by one of two approaches: by performing site-specific analyses or from provisions of building codes. Although contemporary codes consider the site effects to an extent, they provide more conservative estimates. Hence, site-specific analysis, which involves both the seismic hazard analysis and ground response analysis, is a preferred approach to obtain design ground motions. This chapter presents a site-specific analysis for a site near Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The seismic hazard analysis was carried out by DSHA approach. The site is predominantly characterized by deep stiff sandy clay deposits. Extensive shear wave velocity measurement is used for site classification and ground response analysis. The ground response analysis was carried out by using two approaches: the equivalent linear approach using SHAKE2000 and the non-linear approach using FLAC2D. The deep-stiff-soil site is found to amplify the ground motion. The response from nonlinear analysis is found to be considerably higher than those obtained from the equivalent linear approach.
Corrosion Behavior of Candidate Materials for Supercritical Water Oxidation Reactor for Sewage Sludge Processing Plants
Authors: Yang Jian Qiao , Wang Shu Zhong , Lei Jie , Xu Hai Tao , Zhang Yi Shu , Xu Dong Hai
Published: July 2018

In this study, corrosion behavior of Incoloy 800 was studied in supercritical water containing sewage sludge and oxygen at various temperature from subcritical to supercritical environment. Surface and cross-section morphologies of the oxide films on Incoloy 800 was observed by scanning electron microscope. Corrosion will be obviously accelerated by increasing temperature. And the addition of oxygen in corrosion medium will cause the formation of various inorganic salts, forming a salt deposit layer on sample surface.
Forming Mechanism and Bonding Properties of Fe-Si-B Amorphous Strip/Al Foil Laminate Composites by Ultrasonic Addictive Manufacturing (UAM)
Authors: Liu Bin , Yang Qiang , Liu Ya Xin , Wang Yu
Published: July 2018

Iron-based amorphous foils and metallic aluminum foils are stacked in alternating layer and welding as laminate composites by ultrasound consolidation process with high-frequency acoustic vibrations. It makes the material to play their own advantages as the new focus. In the consolidation process, the most important standard parameters of the mechanical properties of the material are mainly controlled by the normal force, amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration and the travel speed of the sonotrode imposed by the forming. Ultrasonic vibrations, typically 20 kHz, are applied to the foil laterally (along its width) through a sonotrode (welding tool) .In this paper, the optimum parameters of 25μm amplitude, 2.5kN static force and 20mm / s traveling speed are obtained. It is well-known that the microstructure is the most intuitive way to measure the mechanical properties of materials, including hardness and so on. In addition, in this paper, the forming mechanism of Al 1080/ amorphous (Fe-Si-B) and the connection performance of ultrasonic bonding technology are described in detail. scanning electron microscopy (SEM) found that there is a mechanical interface mechanism and metallurgical bonding mechanism. And the recrystallization temperature of aluminum was calculated. The kinetics of interfacial growth at the grain boundary was analyzed. The composition of interfacial material was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) in the metallurgical bonding interface of the recrystallized region. It was preliminarily concluded that the Al-rich FeAl3 phase and the AlB2 phase were inferred. In the exfoliation experiment, it was found by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) that the amorphous did not appear to be crystallized. Finally, the laminated materials were tested for mechanical properties.
Peculiarities of Medium Carbon Steel Wire Microstructure Formation after Different Kinds of Deformational Processing
Authors: Polyakova Marina , Efimova Yulia
Published: July 2018

At present time tendencies in the development of engineering and technologies in the manufacturing the metal ware need the effective complex impact on material microstructure by methods of different nature. Special attention should be paid to the combined processes of deformational treatment which are constructed on such basic operations as drawing, rolling, pressing, etc. Despite a plenty of studies and high efficiency of combined methods the problem of understanding the scientific grounds for choice the processing parameters which ensure the guaranteed level and high stability of metals and alloys properties has not been solved jet. Medium carbon steel is used for a wide range of metal ware products. Medium carbon steel wire with 0.5 %C was chosen for the experiments. It was subjected to different kinds of deformational processing such as tensile deformation, alternating bending, twisting and their combination. Complex of experimental research was carried out in order to study the influence of different kinds of plastic deformation on the medium carbon steel wire microstructure. By scanning electron-microscope analysis the peculiarities of pearlite behavior after deformational processing with different total deformation degree were studied. The comparative analysis of cementite changing after different kinds of deformation was conducted.
Aneurysm Wall Enhancement in Black Blood Mri Correlates with Aneurysm Size. Black Blood Mri Could Serve As an Objective Criterion of Aneurysm Stability in Near Future
Authors: Petridis Athanasios K. , Filis Andreas , Chasoglou Elias , Fischer Igor , Dibué-Adjei Maxine , Bostelmann Richard , Steiger Hans Jakob , Turowski Bernd , May Rebecca
Published: July 2018

The increasing number of incidental intracranial aneurysms creates a dilemma of which aneurysms to treat and which to observe. Clinical scoring systems consider risk factors for aneurysm rupture however objective parameters for assessment of aneurysms stability are needed. We retrospectively analysed contrast enhancing behaviour of un-ruptured aneurysms in the black blood magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in N=71 patients with 90 aneurysms and assessed correlation between aneurysm wall contrast enhancement (AWCE) and aneurysm anatomy and clinical scoring systems. AWCE is associated with aneurysm height and height to width ratio in ICA aneurysms. AWCE is correlated to larger aneurysms in every anatomical location evaluated. However the mean size of the contrast enhancing aneurysms is significantly different between anatomical localizations indicating separate analyses for every artery. Clinical scoring systems like PHASES and UIATS correlate positively with AWCE in black blood MRI. MRI aneurysm wall contrast enhancement is a positive predictor for aneurysm instability and should be routinely assessed in follow up of incidental aneurysms. Aneurysms smaller than 7 mm with AWCE should be followed closely with focus on growth, as they may be prone to growth and rupture.
A catalogue of potential natural oil seeps in the marine environment of Hudson Bay-Hudson Strait and Foxe Channel from 2015-2017 RADARSAT-2 imagery analysis
Authors: Beauchemin M , Tolszczuk-Leclerc S , Decker V , Muise P , Khurshid S
K , Hennessy D
Published: July 2018

We report results from the analysis of Radarsat-2 images for the detection of suspected oil slicks in the marine environment of Hudson Bay/Strait and Foxe Channel. 1278 images were acquired during the falls of 2015, 2016 and 2017. The potential slick candidates
were identified using two methods: visual interpretation and semi-automated interpretation. The visual method is similar to the ones described in Decker et al. (2013a, b). The semi-automated approach is based on a suite of algorithms designed to detect and characterize dark areas. Both methods make
use of wind speed and chlorophyll-a data. A total number of 33 oil slicks candidates are reported with their locations and corresponding images. The ultimate goal of the multi-temporal aspect of the project was to look for persistence over time of seep candidates concentrated over a same region in
order to assist in finding regions with a greater likelihood of oil seep origin. The current survey does not convincingly support the oil seep origin of any detected dark spot but may help future works focus on the few areas that show more dense occurrences of slick
candidates.
The apparatus theory: ‘Religion in the city’
Authors: Geel Leon , Beyers Jaco
Published: July 2018

The apparatus theory is used to challenge the interpretation of religion and also to determine whether religion is a factor to contend with in modern society. Religion could be the element that keeps the city intact or could be the one element that is busy ruining our understanding of reality and the way this interacts with society in the urban environment. Paradigms determine our relationships. In this case, the apparatus theory would be a more precise way of describing not only our relationship towards the city but also the way in which we try to perceive our relationship with religion and the urban conditions we live in. This article gives theoretical background to the interpretation and understanding of the relationship between various entities within the city. The apparatus of the city creates space for religion to function as a binding form. Religion could bind different cultures, diverse backgrounds and create space for growth.
New uniform diameter bounds in pro-$p$ groups
Authors: Bradford Henry
Published: July 2018

We give newupper bounds for the diameters of finite groups which do not depend on a choice of generating set. Our method exploits the commutator structure of certain profinite groups, in a fashion analogous to the Solovay–Kitaev procedure from quantum computation. We obtain polylogarithmic upper bounds for the diameters of finite quotients of groups with an analytic structure over a pro-

p

domain (with exponent depending on the dimension); Chevalley groups over a pro-

p

domain (with exponent independent of the dimension) and the Nottingham group of a finite field. We also discuss some consequences of our results for random walks on groups.
Braids, orderings, and minimal volume cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds
Authors: Kin Eiko , Rolfsen Dale
Published: July 2018

It is well known that there is a faithful representation of braid groups on automorphism groups of free groups, and it is also well known that free groups are bi-orderable. We investigate which

n

-strand braids give rise to automorphisms which preserve some bi-ordering of the free group

F_n

of rank

n

. As a consequence of our work we find that of the two minimal volume hyperbolic 2-cusped orientable 3-manifolds, one has bi-orderable fundamental groupwhereas the other does not. We prove a similar result for the 1-cusped case, and have further results for more cusps. In addition, we study pseudo-Anosov braids and find that typically those with minimal dilatation are not order-preserving.
Classifying spaces for families of subgroups for systolic groups
Authors: Osajda Damian , Prytuła Tomasz
Published: July 2018

We determine the large scale geometry of the minimal displacement set of a hyperbolic isometry of a systolic complex. As a consequence, we describe the centraliser of such an isometry in a systolic group. Using these results, we construct a low-dimensional classifying space for the family of virtually cyclic subgroups of a group acting properly on a systolic complex. Its dimension coincides with the topological dimension of the complex if the latter is at least four. We show that graphical small cancellation complexes are classifying spaces for proper actions and that the groups acting on them properly admitthree-dimensional classifying spaces with virtually cyclic stabilisers. This is achieved by constructing a systolic complex equivariantly homotopy equivalent to a graphical small cancellation complex. On the way we develop a systematic approach to graphical small cancellation complexes. Finally, we construct low-dimensional models for the family of virtually abelian subgroups for systolic, graphical small cancellation, and some CAT(0) groups.
On self-similarity of wreath products of abelian groups
Authors: Dantas Alex C. , Sidki Said N.
Published: July 2018

We prove that in a self-similar wreath product of abelian groups

G=B

wr

X

, if

X

is torsion-free then

B

is torsion of finite exponent. Therefore, in particular, the group

\mathbb{Z}

wr

\mathbb{Z}

cannot be self-similar. Furthemore, we prove that if

L

is a self-similar abelian group then

L^{\omega}

wr

C_2

is also self-similar.
Categorification of quantum symmetric pairs I
Authors: Bao Huanchen , Shan Peng , Wang Weiqiang , Webster Ben
Published: July 2018

We categorify a coideal subalgebra of the quantum group of

\mathfrak{sl}_{2r+1}

by introducing a 2-category analogous to the one defined by Khovanov–Lauda–Rouquier, and show that self-dual indecomposable 1-morphisms categorify the canonical basis of this algebra. This allows us to define a categorical action of this coideal algebra on the categories of modules over cohomology rings of partial flag varieties and on the category

\mathcal{O}

of type B/C.
Нормальность в свободных топологических группах
Authors: Pavlov Oleg Ivanovich
Published: July 2018

Показано, что в предположении континуум-гипотезы нормальность
всех конечных степеней топологического пространства не влечет
нормальности его свободной топологической группы.
Библиография: 11 названий.
Последовательности групп эндоморфизмов абелевых групп
Authors: Timoshenko Egor Aleksandrovich , Tsarev Andrei Valer'evich
Published: July 2018

В работе решена проблема 18.3 из книги Л. Фукса "Абелевы
группы" (2015) в случае абелевых групп с конечными $p$-рангами.
Для абелевой группы $A$ рассматривается последовательность
групп $(A_n)$, где $A_0=A$ и $A_{n+1}=\operatorname{End}A_n$.
Показано, что если все $p$-ранги группы $A$ конечны, то эта
последовательность может стабилизироваться или после $A_0$,
или после $A_1$.
Библиография: 10 названий.