bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Where did the Mirror Go? The Text of Plato [?] Alcibiades I 133c1-6
Authors: Tarrant Harold
Published: May 2020

At Alcibiades I, 133b-c, the reader expects, but does not according to the MSS find, the return of the mirror-motif that had supposedly explained the true meaning of the Delphic injunction. Hence it remains unclear why anything viewed within the soul should act in any way that resembles a mirror. I argue that the substitution of a single letter in one word, about which the manuscripts and modern scholars in any case disagree, can restore the necessary reference to a reflective surface, though not specifically to a mirror, since the term for a mirror could only be applied to sight. A failure to understand the underlying intertextual allusion to Cratylus 408c had resulted in a safe but unsatisfactory substitution by Late Antiquity, and other modifications followed thereafter in an effort to give meaning to the text.
The Effect of Discharge Current and Pulse-On Time on Biocompatible Zr-based BMG Sinking-EDM
Authors: Pradana Yanuar Rohmat Aji , Ferara Aldi , Aminnudin Aminnudin , Wahono Wahono , Jang Jason Shian-Ching
Published: May 2020

The machinability information of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are recently limited but essential to provide technological recommendation for the fabrication of the medical devices due to the material’s metastable nature. This study aims to investigate the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness under different current and pulse-on time of newly developed Ni- and Cu-free Zr-based BMG using sinking-electrical discharge machining (EDM). By using weightloss calculation, surface roughness test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation on the workpiece after machining, both MRR and surface roughness were obtained to be increased up to 0.594 mm3/min and 5.50 μm, respectively, when the higher current was applied. On the other hand, the longer pulse-on time shifted the Ra into the higher value but lower the MRR value to only 0.183 mm3/min at 150 μs. Contrary, the surface hardness value was enhanced by both higher current and pulse-on time applied during machining indicating different level of structural change after high-temperature spark exposure on the BMG surface. These phenomena are strongly related to the surface evaporation which characterize the formation of crater and recast layer in various thicknesses and morphologies as well as the crystallization under the different discharge energy and exposure time.
The significance of karst areas in European national parks and geoparks
Authors: Telbisz Tamás , Mari László
Published: May 2020

Karst terrains have varied abiotic and biotic values. However, due to their unfavourable conditions for human settling, they are relatively sparsely populated areas. Thus, karst terrains merit and are suitable for nature protection. In this paper, partly or mostly karstic European national parks (NP) and geoparks (GP) are studied. We compiled a dataset based on official information and internet sources, and analysed NPs and GPs by location, morphology and timeline. Nowadays, there are 106 partly or mostly karstic NPs in Europe, that means 23% of all NPs. Many of the karst terrains became protected before the terms of geotourism and geopark came into being. 49% of all GPs contain karst terrains, which means that karsts are key issues in the study of geoheritage and geotourism. Tourism into karstic NPs and GPs can be considered sensu lato geotourism, since tourists travelling to these locations generally visit caves, gorges, travertine lakes and other karst features. Adventure tourism is also significant in karstic NPs and GPs. The most popular NPs host several millions of visitors a year, that implies economic benefits, but also poses environmental problems, thus certain parks already reached their carrying capacity, while other parks plan to increase their visitor numbers.
“Writing Plays That Are Climate Change”
Authors: Balestrini Nassim Winnie
Published: May 2020

Montreal-born playwright, translator, and climate change theater activist Chantal Bilodeau is currently based in New York City. As a co-founder of the biennial Climate Change Theatre Action (CCTA), which is a growing international initiative to foster climate change awareness through the performance of very short plays commissioned from playwrights in dozens of countries, she has been dividing her time between coordinating theater-based activism, publishing, and curating a blog series on HowlRound.com, and writing short plays as well as an eight-part series of full-length dramas. As she argues in her 2015 article “In Search of a New Aesthetic,” it is necessary “to move beyond writing plays about climate change to writing plays that are climate change – plays that embody, in form, content, and process, the essence of the issues we are facing. Plays where the concept of climate change is so integral to the work that the term doesn’t even need to be uttered. New problems cannot be solved with old solutions. A new consciousness requires new artistic constructs.”

On the eve of the CDE conference, Chantal Bilodeau spoke about her research-based creative process at a public event in downtown Graz. At the conference, she presented a keynote on how her work in climate change theater addresses crisis as an ongoing condition. This interview provides detailed insights into Bilodeau’s artistic concepts, theater practices, and climate change activism.
Radical Gesture and the Politics of Postdramatic Tragedy: Reza Abdoh’s The Law of Remains
Authors: Cermatori Joseph
Published: May 2020

During his short lifetime, Reza Abdoh (1963–1995) was hailed as a trailblazing theater artist in the avant-garde art scenes of both Los Angeles and New York, where he created a series of massive performance spectacles that sought to intervene critically in the American political status quo. His 1992 piece The Law of Remains stages a furious response to the US American AIDS crisis, depicting it through the allegorical lens of a film being made by Andy Warhol based on the life of queer serial killer and cannibal Jeffrey Dahmer. Performed in the ruins of an abandoned hotel ballroom, the piece drew attention in The New York Times for being “one of the angriest theater pieces ever hurled at a New York audience.” This article analyzes the political dimension of Abdoh’s theater by focusing on specific gestural elements that occur at key moments in The Law of Remains. Doing so, it brings together theories of gesture from Hans-Thies Lehmann, Giorgio Agamben, Judith Butler, and Walter Benjamin, and configures these viewpoints into a constellation through which the politics of gesture in Abdoh can be illuminated. What emerges in Abdoh is a politics of “hopeless hope,” one uniquely meaningful for our planetary present tense.
The “Ordinary” Cruelty and the Theatre as Witness in Four South African Plays
Authors: Knittelfelder Elisabeth
Published: May 2020

This essay looks at how four contemporary South African plays use performance to render, address, and acknowledge personal and national trauma. By staging acts of cruelty that happen as “ordinary” experience, as perpetual pain, or as representation of life-in-crisis, these plays not only question and complement the national narrative by telling stories that have not found a stage or a listener before, but they also inform and speak to topical societal issues in South Africa such as that of apathy to violence and the question of complicity. Yael Farber and Lara Foot employ a distinctly South African theatre language that draws on theatrical concepts of the European avant-garde, especially those of Antonin Artaud, as well as on the tradition of oral storytelling and ritual to render cruelty as the “ordinary” and crisis as an ongoing condition in the sociohistorical context of apartheid and the apartheid-influenced post-1994 world. By excavating, tracing, and acknowledging “ordinary” cruelty as experienced personally and collectively, the plays explore revelations about the human condition, open up a discussion on the nature of memory or (collective) amnesia, on trauma, complicity, and the crucial role of the witness.
Engineering the ABIO-BIO interface of neurostimulation electrodes using polypyrrole and bioactive hydrogels
Authors: Bhat Ankita , Graham Alexa R. , Trivedi Hemang , Hogan Matthew K. , Horner Philip J. , Guiseppi-Elie Anthony
Published: May 2020

Following spinal cord injury, the use of electrodes for neurostimulation in animal models has been shown to stimulate muscle movement, however, the efficacy of such treatment is impaired by increased interfacial impedance caused by fibrous encapsulation of the electrode. Sputter-deposited gold-on-polyimide electrodes were modified by potentiostatic electrodeposition of poly(pyrrole-co-3-pyrrolylbutyrate-conj-aminoethylmethacrylate): sulfopropyl methacrylate [P(Py-co-PyBA-conj-AEMA):SPMA] to various charge densities (0–100 mC/cm2) to address interfacial impedance and coated with a phosphoryl choline containing bioactive hydrogel to address biocompatibility at the ABIO-BIO interface. Electrodes were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (surface morphology), multiple-scan rate cyclic voltammetry (peak current and electroactive area), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (charge transfer resistance and membrane resistance). SEM analysis and electroactive area calculations identified films fabricated with a charge density of 50 mC/cm2 as well suited for neurostimulation electrodes. Charge transfer resistance demonstrated a strong inverse correlation (−0.83) with charge density of electrodeposition. On average, the addition of polypyrrole and hydrogel to neurostimulation electrodes decreased charge transfer resistance by 82 %. These results support the use of interfacial engineering techniques to mitigate high interfacial impedance and combat the foreign body response towards epidurally implanted neurostimulation electrodes.
How to apply Asimov’s first law to sex robots
Authors: Rigotti Carlotta
Published: May 2020

Sex robots may be surfacing in recent controversy, but they are certainly not a
novelty in the academic debate. However, given the lack of legal reasoning in this
field of research, this article aims at examining the balancing of the fundamental
rights involved in the sex robots’ manufacture and usage, taking
Asimov’s first law as the main starting point and with an eye to a future
lawmaking process. Specifically, Section 1 gives a brief overview on how to define sex robots, while
distinguishing them from sex toys and pornography. Section 2 interprets Asimov’s first law
in order to apply it to sex robots. Section 3 develops a pertaining legal reasoning based on competing
fundamental rights, i.e. the user’s sexual freedom and the
manufacturer’s freedom of enterprise versus the gender dignity and right to
equality. Finally, the conclusions review the main findings and address
considerations to policymakers.
Evaluation of the drag coefficient of a fully submerged body using SPH
Authors: Novak Gorazd , Domínguez José M. , Tafuni Angelo , Četina Matjaž , Žagar Dušan
Published: May 2020

The open-source software DualSPHysics was used so set up a three-dimensional model of a free-surface water flow in a narrow horizontal open channel with a rectangular cross section, and to determine the forces acting on various submerged fixed objects. Simulations included a sphere, a cube, and a composite capsule-like object made out of three basic bodies. Objects were located in the channel's central axis at various distances from the channel bed, and were exposed to various flow velocities. Calculating the hydrodynamic forces acting upon the objects resulted in longitudinal forces increasing with the square of the velocity, transverse forces equal to zero, and constant vertical forces. The calibrated and validated model was used to evaluate the drag coefficient of the submerged composite capsule-like object. This research reveals certain limitations of DualSPHysics and facilitates future improvements of the code and the upgrade of studies related to vertical slot fishways.
PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PERAGA SEDERHANA EYE LENS TEMA MATA KELAS VIII UNTUK MENUMBUHKAN KETERAMPILAN PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: C. Saputri V. A. , Dewi N. R.
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan kelayakan alat peraga sederhana eye lens, serta untuk mengetahui apakah alat peraga sederhana eye lens dapat menumbuhkan keterampilan proses sains peserta didik. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Develompment yang dikemukakan oleh Sugiyono dan dibatasi sampai tahap pengembangan saja. Hasil validasi memperoleh persentase 95,37% untuk validasi materi dan 88,89% untuk validasi media dengan masing-masing kriteria sangat layak. Untuk uji coba pemakaian dilakukan pada 32 peserta didik kelas VIIIB SMP Negeri 5 Magelang, dengan hasil ketuntasan klasikal 87,5% yang menunjukkan alat peraga sederhana eye lens efektif digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran IPA. Kriteria keterampilan proses sains peserta didik setelah mengikuti pembelajaran dengan menggunakan alat peraga sederhana eye lens ialah sangat baik.This research aims to the characteristics and the feasibility of simple teaching aids eye lens, also to determine whether simple teaching aid eye lens can foster science process skill of learners. The research method in this study is Research and Development method from Sugiyono, this research is restricted until developmental stage only. The results of validation got percentage 95.37% for material validation and 88.89% for media validation with each of the criteria was very feasible. For the trial, 32 students from VIIIB SMP N 5 Magelang were given the treatment, with classical completeness results showed 87.5% which meant that this tool was effective to be used in the process of learning science. After receiving the treatment using eye lens, the results were very good. It can be concluded that there was an improvement of students science process skill by using eye lens.
PEMBELAJARAN MODEL EXAMPLES NON EXAMPLES BERBANTUAN POWERPOINT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA
Authors: Susanti R.
Published: May 2020

Tujuan penelitian untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA melalui pembelajaran model examples non examples dengan berbantuan powerpoint. Model pembelajaran examples non examples adalah suatu model pembelajaran yang menggunakan gambar yang sesuai dengan kompetensi dasar. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa terdapat kenaikan rata-rata nilai dan prosentase ketuntasan belajar. Pada siklus 3 siswa yang tuntas 80,4 %, sesuai dengan ketercapaian indikator keberhasilan yang ditetapkan. Berdasarkan hasil yang telah dicapai maka dapat disimpulkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model examples non examples dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA.The objective of the research is to increase the result of learning Science through learning model of examples non examples with power point. learning model of examples non examples is a learning model which uses pictures related to basic competence. The result of the research obtains the increase score and the percentage of learning exhaustiveness. On the third cycle, the student learning exhaustiveness obtains 80,4 %. It refers to the success indicator established. The conclusion is that through learning model of examples non examples can increase the result of Science learning.
KEEFEKTIFAN METODE SCHOOLYARD INQUIRY TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN SCIENCE VOCABULARY
Authors: Pamelasari S.D. , Khusniati M.
Published: May 2020

Tantangan yang harus dihadapi dalam mengajar Bahasa Inggris di pada mahasiswa selain jurusan Bahasa Inggris adalah tingkat pemahaman kosakata yang rendah. Hal tersebut berpengaruh pada pemahaman materi mereka, berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut metode schoolyard inquiry digagas untuk membantu meningkatkan pemahaman mereka dalam memahami science vocabulary sebagai metode alternative untuk membantu mereka belajar. Schoolyard inquiry adalah metode belajar kosakata secara mandiri di luar kelas. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman science vocabulary mahasiswa Pendidikan IPA FMIPA Unnes mengingkat secara signifikan dan mencapai tingkat tinggi pada level pemahamannya. Melalui metode ini mahasiswa juga dapat mengintegrasikan pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan metode saintifik. Mahasiswa juga memberikan respon positif terhadap metode schoolyard inquiry ini.The challenge that should be faced of teaching English for non English department students is the low level of students vocabulary mastery. It affects their comprehension of material, therefore to help students to master the science vocabulary schoolyard inquiry method was proposed to be used as alternative method to improve students vocabulary mastery. Schoolyard inquiry is a method of independent learning that is conducted outside the class. The result showed that the students science vocabulary mastery improved significantly most of students reached high level of science vocabulary mastery. Through Schoolyard Inquiry method Students were be able to learn English by applying the scientific skill. The students also gave positive responses of learning vocabulary by using alternatif method of schoolyard inquiry.
Comparison of usability of text editors MS Word 2003, MS Word 2007 and OpenOffice Writer 3.0
Authors: Andziulienė Beatričė , Jucys Žilvinas
Published: May 2020

In order to address ergonomic problems in the process of education, education relevant to the use of ergonomic work tools. The article includes educational process is widely used in a text editor usabilityresults of the study, of the performance experiment. Operating results of the experiment showed that MS Office Word 2007 usability respect ahead of MS Word 2003 and OpenOffice Writer 3.0 applications: task completion time for work in MS Word 2007 editor is 5 percent lower than the same task in MS Word 2003 and 8 percent lower then in Open Office Writer 3.0 editor; navigational errors in learning a task using MS Word 2007 and Word 2003 decreased by 9 times on average, while using OpenOffice Writer 3.0 approximately 3.5-times; task performance accuracy (formatting error) is the best on MS Word 2007, there’s no errors then task is learned. The fact that OpenOffice Writer is a free open source product, this is a relatively well-developed alternative to the commercial Microsoft Office Word.
Time periodic second grade fluid flow in an infinite strip
Authors: Klovienė Neringa
Published: May 2020

Time periodic Poiseuille type solutions are studied for equations of the non-Newtonian second grade fluid in the two dimensional infinite strip. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution. Moreover, we obtain estimates of the solution in Sobolev spaces and show the relationships between the flux and the pressure drop.
Ergonomic aspects of the learning process
Authors: Andziulienė Beatričė , Valionienė Elena
Published: May 2020

This paper is about ergonomic education process’ organization. Authors analyze main educational principles of ergonomic education process on the basis of individual educational environment creation in the electronic environment. There are given some recommendations in this paper. These recommendations are about ergonomic education material preparation, training process making more effective.
Application of computers for teaching the design of experiments
Authors: Pekarskas Vidmantas Povilas
Published: May 2020

A concrete example of application of computer technologies for teaching the course “Planning of Experiments” is analyzed in the paper. It is shown that the application of computer technologies does not only enrich the traditional educational process, but increases its effectiveness and widens teaching and learning possibilities.
The investigator of pupils’ mathematical capabilities Romualdas Paliokas
Authors: Ažubalis Algirdas
Published: May 2020

Mathematics teacher Romualdas Paliokas (1929–1977) worked Mol˙ etai, Ignalina and Anykščiai districts, the city of Panev˙ ežys. He investigated the pupils’ mathematical capabilities and prepared a doctoral thesis. Two major articles were published in pedagogical periodicals. He was unable to defend the thesis, because he died.
Trajectory planning method of mobile piezorobot
Authors: Bansevičius Ramutis , Drukteinienė Asta , Kulvietis Genadijus
Published: May 2020

This paper presents analysis of trajectory planningmethods for mobile robots and new trajectory planning method research for mobile piezorobots. Here are deduced motional simultaneous equations for this kind of robots that describe point-to-pointmotion by given function. Preliminary experimental results prove the feasibility of proposed mathematical model.
Factor analysis of the Lithuanian equity market indices
Authors: Danilenko Svetlana
Published: May 2020

Statistical measures that can reproduce the state of the stock market and the tendencies of its change dynamics are the stock indexes. Having in mind the more complicated state of the finance system it is important to answer the question of what impacts the fluctuations of the stock prices. The article discusses various factors that impact the fluctuations of the Lithuanian stock index OMXV ; also stock index factor analysis is performed. Factors are determined using the main components method.
Restrictions for loop-check in sequent calculus for temporal logic with until operator
Authors: Birštunas Adomas
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we present sequent calculus for branching-time temporal logic with until operator. This sequent calculus uses efficient loop-checktechinque. We prove that we can use not all but only several special sequents from the derivation tree for the loop-check. We use indexes to discover these special sequents in the sequent calculus. These restrictions let us to get efficient decision procedure based on introduced sequent calculus.
About the equivalent replaceability of the double induction axiom
Authors: Maliaukienė Livija
Published: May 2020

In this paper the first order predicate calculus with the axioms of additive arithmetic is investigated. The conditions of the equivalent replaceability of a double induction axiom is presented.
A method of marks and indices for linear modal logic
Authors: Pliuškevičius Regimantas , Pliuškevičienė Aida
Published: May 2020

In the paper a method to check termination of history-free proof for linear modal logic S4.3 is proposed. This method improves the method proposed by the authors for modal logic S4. Analogously as for S4, instead of history we use marks and indices that allow us to eliminate loop checking. The method proposed in this paper specifies some kind of formulas which allow us to check termination of derivations in more effective way in comparison with S4.
The generalization of ratio-cum product estimator for the arbitrary sample design
Authors: Bartkus Ignas , Plikusas Aleksandras
Published: May 2020

The generalization of a dual to ratio-cum-product estimator of the finite population total for the arbitrary sample design is given. The approximate variance is calculated and variance estimator is constructed. Some simulation results are presented for the comparison of ratio-cum-product estimator with some known estimators.
Set of connectors for enterprise information system architecture
Authors: Bagušytė Lina , Lupeikienė Audronė
Published: May 2020

This paper analyses enterprise information system (EIS) design problem. It is showed that current design methodologies do not provide adequate support for the development of EIS. The problem classes solved by modern EIS and their peculiarities are presented. Architectural styles and their merging possibilities are analysed. The set of connectors for enterprise information system architecture is proposed.
Poisson-type approximation for sums of 1-dependent indicators
Authors: Petrauskienė Jūratė , Čekanavičius Vydas
Published: May 2020

The sum of 1-dependent indicators is approximated by compound Poisson type distribution. Estimates are obtained for the uniform Kolmogorov and local metrics.
Implementasi Budaya Guyub Rukun di SMK N 1 Donorojo Pacitan melalui Kegiatan Kemasyarakatan dalam Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Sucipto Bambang Hadi
Published: May 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi konsep budaya guyub rukun yang diterapkan oleh SMKN 1 Donorojo Pacitan dalam penanganan, pencegahan penyebaran Covid-19 di Kabupaten Pacitan. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi kompleksitas yang ada di dalamnya, dengan sudut pandang budaya, pendidikan vokasi, dan pendidikan kemasyarakatan dalam melatih siswa; dan kerjasama warga SMKN 1 Donorojo Pacitan dengan masyarakat serta pemerintah Kabupaten Pacitan dalam produksi massal masker kain guna pencegahan Covid-19 dan mengatasi kelangkaan masker. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis kualitatif, dengan pendekatan interdisiplin yang memadukan studi lapangan, eksperimental, pengabdian kemasyarakatan, dan kebudayaan. Penelitian dilakukan pada Maret 2020 hingga Mei 2020, dengan batasan spasial Kabupaten Pacitan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwasanya dalam kegiatan kemasyarakatan berbasis budaya guyub rukun melalui pembuatan masker oleh SMKN 1 Donorojo Pacitan ini memiiki kompleksitas. Kompleksitas tersebut seringkali tidak disadari, karena memang pada dasarnya kebutuhan kosmos manusia adalah saling membantu. Tidak hanya dalam hal kosmos manusia, kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh SMKN 1 Donorojo Pacitandapat memunculkan rasa kerukunan, rasa kesatuan, semangat dan optimisme secara komunal khususnya dari masyarakat Kabupaten Pacitan dalam menghadapi pandemi Covid-19.Kata kunci: budaya guyub rukun; SMK N 1 Donorojo Pacitan; kegiatan kemasyarakatan; penanganan pandemi Covid-19 AbstractThis study aims to explore the concept of guyub rukun culture implemented by SMK 1 Donorojo Pacitan in handling, preventing the spread of Covid-19 in Pacitan Regency. Furthermore, this research explores the complexities that are in it, with cultural, vocational and social education perspectives in training students; and the collaboration of the citizens of SMKN 1 Donorojo Pacitan with the community and the government of Pacitan Regency in the mass production of cloth masks to prevent Covid-19 and overcome the scarcity of masks. This research uses a qualitative type, with an interdisciplinary approach that combines field studies, experimental, community service, and culture. The study was conducted in March 2020 to May 2020, with the spatial constraints of Pacitan Regency. The results of the research show that in social-based community activities, guyub rukun through harmony in making masks by SMKN 1 Donorojo Pacitan has complexity. The complexity is often not realized, because basically, the needs of the human cosmos are mutual assistance. Not only in terms of the human cosmos, but activities also carried out by SMKN 1 Donorojo Pacitand can bring a sense of harmony, a sense of unity, enthusiasm, and communal optimism, especially from the people of Pacitan Regency in facing the Covid-19 pandemic.Keyword: guyub rukun; SMK N 1 Donorojo Pacitan; community activities; handling of the Covid-19 pandemic
A geopolitika elméleti irányzatai: Törökország észak-szíriai kurdokkal való konfliktusán keresztül szemléltetve
Authors: Lechner Zoltán
Published: May 2020

A tanulmány elsődleges célja a geopolitika fogalmának tisztázása, valamint a diszciplínán belül, elsősorban episztemológiai és metodológiai szempontból megkülönböztethető két irányzat – klasszikus és kritikai – bemutatása, a tudományterület fejlődéstörténete szempontjából kiemelkedő gondolkodók elméleteinek ismertetése által. A tanulmány ezt követően a két analitikai megközelítés közötti különbséget Törökország észak-szíriai katonai aktivitása okainak kétirányú elemzésén keresztül szemlélteti. A szerző végkövetkeztetése szerint a nemzetközi kapcsolatok komplexitásának legteljesebb feltérképezése a két irányzat kombinált alkalmazását igényli, ezért a tanulmány befejező része a két megközelítés egy lehetséges szintézisét vázolja fel.
Australia’s Digital Skills for Peace and War
Authors: Austin Greg
Published: May 2020

This article gives an overview of Australia's national military strategy for cyber space and the implied demands for a radical approach to development of our civil skills base. It then looks at developments in countries and groups of military interest to us in cyberspace. On this basis, the piece concludes with some recommendations for Australian policy.
Psychiatric morbidity in children attending child guidance clinic in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: C. Ramya , K. Pavan Kumar , S. Karthik
Published: May 2020

Background: Mental health and its related problems are growing concerns over the world. The early onset of emotional and behavioral problem in the young children is related to a variety of health and behavior problems in adolescence and later life as well. Most of these children present to Pediatric outpatient clinics owing to the Stigma and lack of awareness. The aim of the study is to find out the pattern and prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in children presenting to pediatric outpatient clinics.Methods: It is a cross sectional, point prevalence study of children who have attended Child Guidance Clinic of Pediatric Department in a tertiary care teaching hospital October 2019 to January 2020. Clinical and demographic details was collected in a semi-structured proforma and the details were analyzed.Results: A total of 114 children were analyzed during the study period and this study comprised of 62 boys and 52 girls. Most of the children belonged to the age group of 11-15 years (51%) followed by the ages of 6-10(29.8%). Most common reason for consultation was change in behavior, school refusal and poor academic performance. The most common diagnosis made was Dissociative Conversion Disorder (17.6%), Nocturnal enuresis (15.7%), Mild Mental Retardation (10.5%) and Seizure Disorder with Behavioral Problems (10.5%).Conclusions: A significant number of children attending the Paediatric OPD of general hospitals have psychiatric disorders. The emotional and behavioral problems in children often present with physical symptoms. An effective liaison of services will help to identify and treat children with psychiatric morbidity.
Study of the utility of blood culture in febrile children aged between 3 months to 12 years admitted in a tertiary centre
Authors: . Zosangliani , Thele Rukuwe , Sharma Manisha , S. Niranjana , Kambiakdik T.
Published: May 2020

Background: Fever, the most common complaint that led patients to seek healthcare, indicates an underlying infection which could either be simple self-limiting viral infections or life threatening bacterial infections. It’s greatest challenge is the risk of occult bacteraemia, for which blood culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis. Objectives was to determine the proportion of blood culture positives among febrile children and to describe the bacteriological profile and antibiogram of blood culture isolates.Methods: A cross sectional study was done in the Department of Paediatrics and Microbiology, RIMS Hospital, Imphal. After obtaining consent (verbal assent in >7 years), blood culture samples were drawn from 200 children aged between 3 months to 12 years. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Chi square test was used and p-value of less than 0.05 taken as statistically significant.Results: Culture positivity was seen in 17 cases (8.5%) of which, participants who were less than 1 year of age and without proper immunisation record showed the highest positivity rate. It was higher in fever with localizing signs (9.2%) than those with fever without focus (7.8%). Gram positives constituted 11 (64.7%) of the isolates while 35.3% were Gram negatives. Staphylococcus aureus was the only Gram positive isolate. Of them, 4 were MRSA but all the strains were sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid. The most common Gram negative isolate was Acinetobacter spp and 80% of them were sensitive to Aminoglycosides while most of the Gram negatives were resistant to Ampicillin and 3rd generation Cephalosporins. All Acinetobacter spp were sensitive to Carbapenems but the only Pseudomonas spp isolated was sensitive only to Colistin.Conclusions: Blood culture positivity rate is relatively low in this study. However, studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to validate the findings. We emphasise the need for antibiotic stewardship
Epidemiological and clinical profile of paediatric snake bite patients at a tertiary care centre of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Sood Arvind , Rana Aman , Kumar Pancham
Published: May 2020

Background: Pediatric snake bite cases are frequently encountered at health care centers of Himachal Pradesh. It is a medical emergency which require early hospitalisation and immediate medical intervention. This study determines the epidemiological and envenomation details along with clinical profile and management of pediatric snake bite patients in Himachal Pradesh, India.Methods: This prospective clinico-epidemiologic study included 30 paediatric snake bite cases reported at Department of Paediatrics, IGMC, Shimla. Demography, envenomation details, first aid and treatment, antivenom administration and outcome were recorded for all patients.Results: Of the total 30 cases, 56.6% were males and 43.3% were females. All patients were resident of rural areas and most of them belonged to middle socioeconomic status. Most (56.7%) snake bites occurred between 6pm to 12am and peak time was during rainy season. More cases of hemotoxic envenomation were observed as compared to neuroparalytic envenomation. Most common hematologic abnormalities were hematuria (4.8%) and epistaxis (4.8%). Respiratory paralysis, ptosis and opthalmoplegia were the most common presentation in patients with neuroparalytic envenomation. Clinical profile of patients showed thrombocytopenia (26.7%), prolonged PT/INR (76.6%) and 36.7% had prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. All symptomatic patients were given ASV as primary treatment out of which 79.2% patients required more than 10 vials of ASV. Most common complication observed in neuroparalytic envenomation was respiratory failure (33.3%) and in hemotoxic envenomation was coagulation failure (66.7%). Only 3.3% case fatality was observed in this study.Conclusions: Snake bite in children is a medical emergency in hilly state of Himachal Pradesh where people still follow traditional first aid methods and treatment protocol. A widespread awareness programme is needed to propagate the newly advised first aid methods to prevent mortality by early hospitalization and administration of ASV.
Neonatal mastitis-clinical profile and outcome: a hospital based study
Authors: Malik Reyaz , Rashid Mohsin , Ahmed Asif
Published: May 2020

Background: Neonatal mastitis may occur de novo due to infection by various organisms, most notably Staphylococcus aureus. This condition usually responds well to treatment, but may sometimes progress to breast abscess formation.Methods: This was a retrospective study. All the patients who were admitted in hospital with admission diagnosis of neonatal mastitis or breast abscess were included in this study. Various demographic, clinical and lab data were recorded and analyzed.Results: Total 11 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. (7 females: 4 males). Swollen and red breast area was the most common presenting complaint, seen in 10 patients. One patient came with complaint of pus draining from the swollen breast. 2 patients were febrile. The age at presentation varied from 7 days to 30 days (median age 14 days). 7 patients had undergone breast massage at hands of their family members to express the witch’s milk. Pus culture from the 6 cases of breast abscesses grew Staphylococcus aureus in 3 cases and Coagulase negative staph (CONS) in 1 patient. Blood culture was sterile in 8 cases, grew CONS in two cases and MRSA in 1 patient. In all the cases where blood culture grew an organism, a lumbar puncture was also done but CSF analysis was normal in all the cases. Drainage of abscess and IV antibiotics led to resolution of disease in all patients and none of the patients developed any complications.Conclusions: Neonatal mastitis and breast abscess is not an uncommon condition. Complications are very rare and the condition responds well to IV antibiotics. People should be made aware about the ill effects of cultural practice of breast massage to express witch’s milk in neonates. Early treatment of mastitis leads to better outcome and lesser chances of abscess formation.
Study of intracranial structural lesions diagnosed by computed tomography among children with unprovoked seizure disorder
Authors: Choudhary Priyanka , Mital Amit Kumar , Sinha Sheela
Published: May 2020

Background: Seizures are the most common pediatric neurological disorder. The objectives were to know the prevalence and types of intracranial structural lesions diagnosed by Computed Tomography in children with unprovoked seizures.Methods: It is hospital based cross-sectional study done in Patna Medical College, India from August 2005- July 2007. All patients aged 6 months to 12 years admitted in pediatrics department with at least 2 episodes of unprovoked seizures were undergone Computed Tomography brain.Results: Out of total 112 patients admitted, 66.1% had abnormal CT scan. Prevalence of abnormal CT scan increased with advancing age and significant, with maximum percentage found in age group 10-12 years (43.2%). Males had more seizures and intracranial lesion than females but this association was statistically non-significant. 65.2% had generalized seizure and 34.8% had partial seizure. Among patients with abnormal CT scan, generalized seizure (70.3%) and partial seizure (29.7%).The commonest  probable diagnosis was tuberculoma (47.3%) followed by neurocysticercosis (25.7%) and brain abscess (4%). Other were atrophy, gliosis and hydrocephalus, 2.5% each; arachnoid cyst, extradural hematoma, sturge weber syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, infarct, hemiatrophy, caudate lobe hemorrhage, basal ganglia calcification, corpous callosum agenesis, 1.35% each.Conclusions: Inflammatory granuloma is the leading cause of unprovoked seizure in this part of the country. Every seizure case should undergo a CT scan examination. Preventive measures can be applied for tuberculoma and NCC so as to lower down the burden of seizure disorder.
Clinical spectrum of pneumonia in children aged 1 month to 18 years by serum polymerase chain reaction, in a tertiary care centre in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Authors: S. Ramya H. , Gopi Anjana , Elango Vivetha , Joseph Dona
Published: May 2020

Background: Pneumonia accounts for 15% all deaths in children under 5 years of age, being the single largest infectious cause of deaths in children worldwide according to WHO. Establishing the exact etiological factor is a difficult task, as there are no definite clinical, radiological markers to differentiate between causative organisms. Hence by detecting the genetic material of causative organism by serum PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and correlating it with the clinical and radiological features can help in appropriate use with antibiotics.Methods: It is a observational study conducted in department of paediatrics KIMS hospital Bangalore, India which included inpatients admitted with clinical and radiological features of pneumonia over a study period from February 2018-April2019 .In this study we excluded immunocompromised children . After obtaining informed written consent, detailed history and clinical examination was done. Investigations including complete hemogram, CXR were done. Under sterile precautions, blood samples for serum PCR and blood culture and sensitivity were obtained. Serum PCR was done for a panel of 33 respiratory pathogens.Results: Etiological agents were identified in 63% of cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common causartive agent being detected in 50.6% of the cases. Staphylococcus aureus has been detected to be the second common organism 16%.Conclusions: In our study Pneumococci was identified in 50.6% of cases. Multiplex serum PCR could be a useful rapid diagnostic tool to identify the etiological agents. Introduction of pneumococcal vaccine worldwide in government immunization schedule, nationwide will help to reduce the disease burden caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Evaluation of adverse effect of second line ART in PL HIV patients treated by second line ART
Authors: Singh Narendra , Kumar Lalit , Singh Desh Nidhi
Published: May 2020

Background: AIDS was first recognized in USA Subject whose viral load was very high more than 5000 copy and CD4 count remain below 100 for 6 months and decrease 50% of base line call as ART failure. There are grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 adverse effect can be seen .in treating of PL. HIV by ART2.Methods: It was Single centre hospital based clinic pathological study and continuous longitudinal, prospective and retrospective , observational, in ART PLUS Centre considering of all patient on 1st line ART who are screened for treatment failure based on clinical, immunological and virological criterias as decided by SACEP from 2016 to 2018.Results: This study shows increase in serum bilirubin from 5 to 13 in study subject and there was increase in no from 4 to 5 in subject of less than 9 Haemoglobin and in the group of 9 to 10 level Haemoglobin of subjects no. increase from 4 to 5 but more than 10 subject decrease from 110 to 108. Subject increase 6 to 10 of serum creatinine level >1.5mg /dl., This shows second line ART have adverse effect on liver , kidney and hematology. There is some adverse effect is seen as nausea, vomiting, headache, skin rash, abdominal pain and muscle pain, there was some serious adverse effect that required hospitalization.Conclusions: Study show that ART2 have adverse effect on liver and kidney function and anaemia. Some general adverse effect seen that also required treatment.
Clinico-epidemiological and pathological profile of lung cancer: a hospital based observational study in Western part of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Choudhary C. R. , Yogi Suresh Kumar , Purohit Gopal , Borana Hemant , Desai Govind , Sharma Satish Chandra
Published: May 2020

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cancer causing deaths in men and women world-wide, responsible for over 1 million deaths annually. Although, advances in surgical techniques and combined therapies lung cancer remains a disease with a poor prognosis. Aim of the study was to evaluate the clinico-epidemiological and pathological profile in diagnosed case of lung cancer patients, presenting in the K N Chest hospital.Methods: Initial evaluation after obtaining informed consent, demography, history, clinicoradiological findings of patients and relevant investigations was recorded. Histopathological reports reviewed.Results: Our study included 108 patients with confirmed cases of lung cancer.The mean age of the patients was 57.50 years. The male:  female ratio was 5.8:1. Cough was the most common presenting symptom (77.78%) followed by chest pain (62.33%). Clubbing was most commonly associated with squamous cell carcinoma. Most common radiological presentation was consolidation (42.59%) followed by mass lesion (30.55%). Most common histopathological type of lung cancer found in this study was squamous cell carcinoma 47(43.52%) followed by adenocarcinoma 42 (38.89%). Small cell carcinoma was present in 15 (13.89%) and large cell carcinoma was present in 4 (3.70%) study group. The most common pathological cell type in silica dust exposed patient in this study was squamous cell carcinoma followed by adenocarcinoma with occupational history of > 10 years of silica dust exposure in stone mines.Conclusions: Squamous cell carcinoma still remains the commonest histological subtype followed by adenocarcinoma.
Correlation between serum vitamin D3 levels and blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and normotensive individuals
Authors: Patil Divya V. , Dutta Tarun Kumar
Published: May 2020

Background: Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin is produced when ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike the skin. Literature data supports, there is a relationship between low vitamin D and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and arterial hypertension. It had been seen that lower circulating 25(OH)D levels were associated with higher blood pressures. Aim was to study the correlation between serum vitamin D3 levels and blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and normotensive individuals.Methods: An observational study was conducted on 60 individuals in the OPD at MGMCRI between January 2018 and December 2018. Based on history and blood pressure values (JNC 7), the population was divided into cases and controls in accordance with the age and sex. Serum Vitamin D levels were measured by chemiluminescence assay and classified into deficiency (<20ng/ml), insufficiency (20-30ng/ml) and sufficiency (30-100ng/ml). Statistical analysis was done using independent t test, one way ANOVA and correlation.Results: Among the hypertensive individuals, 90% were Vitamin D deficient and 10% had insufficiency. The mean Serum Vitamin D level in essential hypertension was 14.6±4.401 (p value <0.001). Serum Vitamin D levels were affected significantly by increasing BMI (p value <0.001) and less sunlight exposure (p value <0.001) among both cases and controls. There was also a significant negative correlation between serum vitamin D levels and systolic blood pressure (p <0.001).Conclusions: Isolated systolic hypertension was associated with lower serum Vitamin D levels. Obesity and reduced sunlight exposure are factors associated with lower serum Vitamin D levels.
Evaluation of the predisposing factors and cause of resistance which are associated with ART 1 failure and shifted to ART 2 regime
Authors: Singh Narendra , Varma R. K. , Giri Richa , Varma Punit , Dwivedi Seema , Kumar Lalit
Published: May 2020

Background: This study is to evaluate the predisposing factors and cause of resistance which are associated with ART1 failure and shifted to ART 2 regime.Methods: This study was conducted in ART plus centre K.P.S. Post Graduate Institute of Medicine (G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, India) tertiary care teaching hospital (G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, India). It will be a clinical (assessment with investigation), continuous, longitudinal, prospective and retrospective, observational, single centre hospital-based study at ART Centre, Kanpur, India.  All the subjects who were on 1st line ART regime, attended in our centre were screened for treatment failure of based on clinical, immunological and virological criteria as decided by SACEP. Duration of this study was DEC 2016 TO DEC 2018.This study was taking as regime ART2 as TLATV/R, ZLATV/R, TLLP/R and ZLLP/R.Results: In this study there is PL HIV subjects that are considered for ART2 are mostly living in rural area and more are female having less adherence to ART1. Smoking, alcohol and tobacco chewing were also having less adherence to ART and cause resistance to ART1.Conclusions: In this study subjects were having associated with predisposing factor as Alcohalic 53 (45%), Tobacco Chewing 8 (07%), SMOKING 13 (11%). Alcohalic, Tobacco Chewer and Smoker have significant association of predisposing factor for low adherence to ART1 and resistance to ART1 drugs. There is also concluded that females and rural areas subject are having low adherence and cause ART1 failure.
Przesłanki i konsekwencje odpowiedzialności zawodowej lekarzy – wybrane problemy w świetle przepisów ustawy o izbach lekarskich
Authors: Kania Agnieszka
Published: May 2020

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcono wybranym problemom, dotyczącym reżimu odpowiedzialności zawodowej lekarzy. Mając na uwadze specyfikę zawodu lekarza oraz kierowane nierzadko pod jego adresem wyobrażenia społeczne (co de facto nie pozostaje obojętne z punktu widzenia samej istoty wspomnianego reżimu odpowiedzialności), podjęte rozważania rozpoczęto od analizy empirycznej, prezentującej społeczne oceny wobec osób wykonujących wspomniany zawód. W dalszej kolejności odwołano się do regulacji ustawy o izbach lekarskich. Przedmiotem szczegółowych rozważań uczyniono przesłanki odpowiedzialności zawodowej członków izb lekarskich, jak również normatywne wskazania rządzące wymiarem kary, orzekanej w przypadku popełnienia przewinienia zawodowego.