bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Evaluation in Distance Learning
Authors: Mokaya Clinton , Lolelea Natade, PhD Jacob
Published: June 2024

Distance learning has become an integral part of modern education, especially with the advancements in technology distance learning is a growing trend around the world, one which will only increase over the next few years, especially in the university and lifelong learning context. In distance learning education, access to digital information resources is crucial. Technology played and continues to play an essential role to deliver education to the students outside of school. Commendably, most countries are able to deploy remote learning technologies using a combination of TV, Radio, Online and Mobile Platforms. Technology is a powerful tool that can support and transform education in many ways, from making it easier for teachers to create instructional materials to enabling new ways for people to learn and work together. Evaluation in distance learning refers to the systematic process of assessing students' knowledge, skills, and abilities through various methods such as quizzes, exams, assignments, and projects. It involves gathering evidence of learning, analyzing student performance, and providing feedback to support continuous improvement. Evaluation constitutes part of an ongoing cycle of program planning, implementation, and improvement. This paper explores the effects of evaluation in distance learning, focusing on its influence on learning outcomes and student engagement. Behaviorism, connectivism and constructivism theories in relation to evaluation were considered in this paper. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, this paper examines various evaluation methods, their impact on student motivation, engagement, and performance, and explores strategies to enhance the effectiveness of evaluation in distance learning environments. The paper also highlighted the various challenges posed by distance learning and how to mitigate them. Key findings include the importance of aligning assessments with learning objectives, providing timely and constructive feedback, leveraging technology and pedagogical approaches to enhance assessment practices, and addressing equity and inclusivity in assessment design by understanding the dynamics of evaluation in distance learning, educators can optimize their teaching strategies and create more engaging and effective learning experiences for students.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E ABORDAGEM EM CTSA: ESTUDO DA POTENCIALIDADE EDUCACIONAL DE PROTÓTIPO FOTOVOLTAICO EM COMUNIDADE PESQUEIRA
Authors: Leal José Fernando Pereira , Ribeiro Erick Elisson Hosana , Pinto da Costa Fabianne Cristine , Chagas da Costa Keise Monique , Nunes Joás Murilo , Lins Pimentel Wesley
Published: June 2024

As matrizes energéticas renováveis têm se mostrado um excelente tema gerador para a contextualização do ensino de ciências. Assim, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a construção de conceitos científicos associados às matrizes solar a partir de questões socioambientais e tecnológicas com enfoque em CTSA e em Educação Ambiental. A pesquisa é de abordagem qualitativa e foi desenvolvida a partir da realização de um roteiro de atividades pedagógicas incluindo a construção de um protótipo fotovoltaico de baixo custo, contando com a participação de estudantes do 3º ano do ensino médio de uma escola pública numa comunidade pesqueira do município de Vigia - PA. Os resultados indicam a construção dos principais conceitos científicos relacionados ao tema sob a perspectiva da inovação tecnológica e da preservação ambiental numa visão regional e crítica, observados através das unidades de registro dos estudantes. Portanto, as novas possibilidades tecnológicas associadas à educação ambiental são potencialmente interessantes na escolha de estratégias pedagógicas visando o ensino e a aprendizagem de estudantes levando em consideração o seu contexto de origem, como no caso destes da comunidade pesqueira.
An Study of Metaverse as an Educational Space
Authors: Kim Youngjin , Heo Jihoon , Choe Seunghun , Paik Seounghey
Published: June 2024

As interest in metaverse has increased recently, the education community has been discussing metaverse as a new educational space. In this paper, we examine the possibility and inherent limitations of metaverse as an educational space in theoretical context. After summarizing the existing research on metaverse, the possibility and limitations of metaverse as an educational space are presented by defining the educational space based on Jang Sang-ho s educational-centered theory. Studies have shown that the possibility of dynamic educational relationships, the possibility of expanding educational materials from language to experience, and the possibility of correcting the wrong view of education. On the other hand, the educational limitations of metaverse include the difficulty of educational trial, accessibility, and lack of empirical verification of educational effectiveness.
Effects of Project-type SW convergence education on the convergence problem-solving ability and software-related career orientation
Authors: Park MinJeong , Paik Seoung-Hey
Published: June 2024

This study analyzed the effect of 6th grade elementary school students on convergent problem-solving abilities and software-related career orientation after developing a project-type SW convergence education program. A total of 23 studies were conducted from June to July 2022 on 27 students in the experimental group and 27 control groups in the 6th grade of M elementary school in H city. The results of this study are as folllows: First, the project-type SW convergence education program was found to have a positive effect on the convergent problem-solving ability of sixth-grade elementary school students and software-related career orientation. Second, in the software-related career orientation, the experimental group's software-related career value recognition area was significantly improved compared to the control group. Third, in the response to the questionnaire on software-related career orientation, 21 out of 27 students in the experimental group were satisfied with software convergence education, and most of the respondents said they would be the center of the job for software-related career. Through this, the project-type SW convergence education program gives students satisfaction with software and is judged to have become an opportunity to think about future career paths. The project-type SW convergence education program is a beneficial educational method that improves students' convergent problem-solving ability and software-related career orientation. However, since this study was applied to a small number of sample students, it is difficult to generalize. In the next follow-up study, a convergence education program should be applied to more sample students, and various variables should be considered.
A Study on Teaching and Learning Method of ‘Ildongjangyuga’ through Convergence Education
Authors: Cha Jae-Man , Oh Yoonsun
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to prepare a specific Korean language and convergence class teaching and learning plan for Ildongjangyu. Ildongjangyu is a long-length travel lyrics written by Kim In-gyeom, who was active in the ‘Gyemitongsinsa’ dispatched to Japan in 1763. This work contains a lot of interesting contents that contain specific life aspects such as food, instruments, and institutions from Japan in the 18th century. In this respect, many convergence learning elements can be found and students' interest can be drawn. As a specific model of convergence class, 'autonomous cooperative learning (co-op co-op model)' was applied. Since the active participation of students in convergence classes is important, it was considered appropriate to autonomous cooperative learning that sets each topic and conducts inquiry activities. The elements of convergence learning that can be identified in the work can be largely classified into four categories: Korean language, history, geography, and art. Within this category, students can freely choose and explore topics and experience convergence. Although the burden on school members may be high on conducting convergence classes, the educational value that can be obtained from this is very large and clear.
Middle school students' perception of the nature of science in the context of 'Boyle's Law' experiment
Authors: Yang Hyeon-kyeong , Paik Seoung-Hey
Published: June 2024

Recently, a “Family resemblance approach-to-Nature of Science” (FRA-to-NOS) has been suggested, which describes science from the viewpoint that various areas of science are similar to families with domain specificity along with common characteristics. This reinforced the social aspect from the perspective of the existing nature of science, and the ‘reconceptualized family similarity’ approach emerged by incorporating this “family similarity approach” into science education. The purpose of the study is to measure the effect of the education program, which I developed to improve students’ understanding of RFN. According to the result of Mcnemar test I performed on answer written by students), the correct answer rate for the 'scientific knowledge' area was low, but the correct answer rate for the 'goals and values' and 'scientific function' areas was partially improved at the significance level of 5%. A paired t-test was also conducted at the 95% confidence level on students, who were classified into three groups according to the level of academic achievement in the previous semester. The test result shoewed that the change in perception of the 'scientific function' area was clear. In particular, it was found that the change in perception of the nature of science in the middle-level student group was significant.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Menentukan Ide Pokok Teks Bacaan Pada Siswa Kelas IV di SDN-1 Napu Sahur
Authors: Sari Mita Permata , Mardiana Dina
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi sebuah permasalahan tentang ketidakberhasilan siswa kelas IV di SDN-1 Napu Sahur Kabupaten Katingan dalam memahami isi teks bacaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesulitan belajar siswa di kelas IV SDN-1 Napu Sahur pada materi menentukan ide pokok teks bacaan mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif (deskriptif kualitatif) yang menggunakan teknik analisis data interaktif (analysis  interactive model) dari Miles dan Huberman. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan yang dialami siswa dalam menentukan ide pokok mencakupi: (1) siswa tidak paham konsep ide pokok, dan (2) siswa tidak mampu  menerapkan keterampilan membaca pemahaman dengan baik. Dari hasil analisis data ditemukan faktor-faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa adalah faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Faktor internal mencakupi ketidakmampuan siswa menguasai  materi ide pokok karena motivasi belajar siswa yang rendah, minat membaca siswa kurang dan kemampuan membaca yang masih rendah. Adapun faktor eksternal penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa tersebut mencakupi sarana dan prasarana sekolah yang kurang memadai, kurangnya persiapan guru sebelum mengajar, penggunaan strategi pengajaran yang kurang tepat, serta kurangnya perhatian dan motivasi dari orang tua.
Teacher-Question Strategies in EFL Classroom Interaction
Authors: Nuryanti  , Sari Ravila , Fauzi Iwan
Published: June 2024

This study aims to analyze the teacher's questioning strategy in English lessons. It was conducted in classroom interaction between teacher and students of SMP Negeri 1 Mentaya Hilir Selatan, in Central Kalimantan Province. The subject of this study was an English teacher and 25 eighth grade of junior high school students. This research used a qualitative approach. Two main data collection instruments were used observation and interview. Through observation, the researcher carefully analyzed the types of teachers questioning strategies during English learning activities. In interview, researcher gain deeper insights from the teacher related with the questioning strategies used by her during teaching. The result revealed that teachers used four questioning strategies in classroom interaction, namely redirection questions, prompting questions, probing questions, and granting waiting time. Then, the result showed the prompting question strategy was the most dominant question strategy, but the teacher was still ineffective in using this strategy because the questions asked still contained many grammatical errors because the teacher sometimes used a mixture of English and Indonesian which caused students only answer briefly. This study implies that the implementation of questioning strategies by the teacher actually has the potential to increase students' activeness in learning English.
CARA BIJAK MENGELOLA KEUANGAN KELUARGA DAN EKONOMI KREATIF DI DESA MURNATEN
Authors: Purimahua Sarlotha Yuliana
Published: June 2024

Desa Murnaten mempunyai luas 97,33 Km2, Populasi : 2.038 jiwa terbanyak dari 18 desa, dengan ketinggian 5 M dari permukaan laut. Kehidupan di Desa Murnaten, rata-rata beragama Kristen, Tingkat pendidikan anak-anak baik sampai dengan perguruan tinggi.Pekerjaan dari masyarakat desa Murnaten beragam, petani, nelayan, swasta, dan Pegawai Negeri Sipil.Secara Umum, Mitra (Desa Murnaten) mempunyai banyak sekali Sumber Daya Alam (SDA) yang dapat dikelola sesuai dengan konsep ekonomi kreatif tetapi kendala yang dihadapi adalah masyarakat minim pengetahuan ekonomi kreatif dan transportasi. Pasar yang sangat jauh dan alat transportasi yang dimiliki sangat minim sehingga hasil-hasil usaha ekonomi kreatif dikelola untuk kepentingan diri sendiri dan keluarga. Transportasi yang minim membuat masyarakat susah untuk memasarkan hasil-hasil kebun/dusun dan hasil-hasil usaha kreatif. Para masyarakat harus mengeluarkan biaya yang sangat besar untuk memasarkan/menjual hasil-hasil kebun/dusun/hutan.Dikarenakan juga jarak desa Murnaten ke Kota Taniwel yang tidak mungkin ditempuh dengan berjalan kaki.Selain itu, ilmu pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat dirasakan kurang sesuai sehingga hasil-hasil alam yang dikelola secara sederhana.Kemudian masyarakat juga belum banyak memahami pentingnya mengelola keuangan keluarga yang baik sehingga mereka belum mampu bijak mengelola keuangan keluarga yang sesuai dengan kondisi keluarga. Permasalahan Mitra (1). Minimnya pemahaman tentang Ekonomi Kreatif, (2) Potensi Sumber Daya Alam (SDA) yang cukup banyak tetapi terkendala pada saat pengelolaan dan memasarkannya, (3) Kurangnya sarana prasarana alat transportasi dan biaya transportasi yang mahal, (4) Masalah mengelola keuangan keluarga kerapkali menjadi penyebab utama perselisihan yang terjadi dalam keluarga. Letak masalah diantaranya karena minim komunikasi dan ketidaktahuan dalam mengatur keuangan keluarga secara tepat.Solusi yang ditawarkan dalam pengabdian ini adalah : a). Dilakukan sosialisasi dan workshop yang berkaitan dengan pengembangan potensi SDA dan ekonomi kreatif dan b). Melakukan pelatihan mengelola keuangan keluarga yang sederhana (laporan arus kas keluarga sehari-hari).Luaran dari kegiatan ini telah dipublikasikan pada media massacetak : Ambon Ekspres (Edisi Sabtu, 30 November 2019), media online: https://ameks.id/lpm-ukim-latih/. Video kegiatan juga telah diupload pada channel youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQc_5sOpe5g.
PELATIHAN DASAR KEPEMIMPINAN BAGI ORGANISASI PERSEKUTUAN MAHASISWA PELAJAR RIRING â€“ RUMASOAL AMBON
Authors: Touwely Godprit Haris , Lakatua Robby Djefry
Published: June 2024

Persekutuan Riring Rumasoal Ambon adalah organisasi paguyuban mahasiswa asal Negeri Riring dan Negeri Rumahsoal Kecamatan Taniwel kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. Oraginisasi ini merupakan wadah berhimpun bagi mahasiswa asal Riring-Rumasoal yang berada di Ambon. Oragnisasi paguyuban ini melakukan agenda-agenda organisasi sebagaimana lasimnya oragnisasi lainnya, misalnya pemilihan pengurus setiap 2 tahun, rapat kerja untuk menentukan program kerja selama 2 tahun dan agenda-agenda organisasi lainnya. Anggota organisasi ini berjumlah 82 orang yang disesuaikan dengan jumlah mahasiswa asal Negeri Riring â€“ Rumasoal yang melakukan proses perkuliahan pada sejumlah Perguruan Tinggi Negeri maupun Swasta di Kota Ambon. Keinginan untuk berorganisasi ini semata â€“ mata dilaterbelakangi oleh sebuah kesadaran diri akan peningkatan kapasitas kepemimpinan dan untuk itulah pelaksanaan Program Pengabdian Masyarakat sangat membantu mitra dalam Pelatihan Dasar Kepemimpinan yang meliputi pelatihan teknik memimpin Sidang dan pelatihan surat menyurat.ini dilakukan dilatarbelakangi oleh Banyaknya anggota organisasi yang pada saat ditunjuk sebagai pemimpin sidang dalam pelaksanaan agenda organisasi selalu menghindar sebagai akibat dari kurangya pengetahuan dan ketrampilan dalam memimpin sidang, kurangnya pengetahuan mitra tentang cara tepat dalam hal melakukan surat menyurat secara baik dan benar teristimewa surat-surat resmi organisasi. Kegiatan yang akan dimplementasikan pada mitra Persekutuan mahasiswa Riring-Rumasoal adalah: Melakukan sosialisasi tentang teknik memimpin sidang sekaligus melakukan simulasi, melakukan pelatihan cara menulis surat secara baik dan benar. Luaran kegiatan ini telah dipublikasi pada vidio chanel youtube UKIM TV.
SOSIALISASI ETIKA DAN ASPEK HUKUM PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SOSIAL PADA KALANGAN REMAJA SISWA DI SMK NEGERI 3 PONTIANAK
Authors: Sebayang Aleksander , Prabowo Agung Dwi , Annurdi Annurdi , Dawi Klara
Published: June 2024

Hadirnya media jejaring sosial di dunia maya tentu memberikan banyak dampak positif bagi masyarakat. Namun fenomena ini menjadi lebih kompleks dengan semakin besarnya ketergantungan masyarakat, terutama kaum remaja siswa SMK Negeri 3 Pontianak. Opini-opini begitu mudah disampaikan untuk mempengaruhi publik tanpa memperhatikan norma dan fakta yang ada sehingga menjurus kepada propaganda negatif, tindak pidana perundungan, bahkan pornografi. Maka dari itu, berangkat dari alasan di atas mengantarkan pada logika yang logis bahwa dirasa perlu untuk melakukan kegiatan sosialisasi tentang etika dan aspek hukum bermedia sosial terutama bagi kalangan remaja berupa penyuluhan hukum. Metode yang diambil dalam program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah dengan kegiatan sosialisasi secara daring. Hasil dari kegiatan ini yaitu: 1) perubahan pengetahuan dan perilaku siswa SMK Negeri 3 Pontianak terkait etika dalam memanfaatkan sosial media; 2) penambahan wawasan siswa SMK Negeri 3 Pontianak tentang aspek hukum sosial media; 3) siswa SMK Negeri 3 Pontianak memperoleh bekal pengalaman tentang pemanfaatan sosial media yang bijak dan berdampak positif.
PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN NOMOR INDUK BERUSAHA (NIB) UNTUK LEGALITAS DAN PENGEMBANGAN UMKM DI JEMAAT GPM PETRA KARPA MELALUI ONLINE SINGLE SUBMISSION RISK BASED APPROACH (OSS RBA)
Authors: Lameky Vernando Yanry
Published: June 2024

Berbagai jenis Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) yang berlokasi Jemaat GPM Petra Karpan, Kelurahan Waihoka memiliki potensi untuk terus berkembang pasca pandemi covid-19, tentu UMKM memerlukan izin usaha untuk mendapatkan legalitas dan perlindungan hukum dari pemerintah, namun fakta di lapangan bahwa masih banyak dari pelaku usaha di Jemaat GPM Petra Karpan yang belum memiliki izin usaha dengan alasan bahwa membuat perizinan itu membutuhkan biaya yang mahal, butuh waktu lama bahkan masih banyak yang minim dalam pengetahuan dan mekanisme pembuatan Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) melalui Online Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS RBA). Oleh karena itu perlu diadakan kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan pembuatan Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) melalui kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat. Sasaran kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah seluruh pelaku UMKM di Jemaat GPM Petra Karpan, Kelurahan Waihoka. Hasil diskusi dengan mitra ada 3 permasalahan yang harus diselesaikan dalam PkM ini, yaitu 1) kurangnya pengetahuan pelaku UMKM terkait pentingnya perizinan usaha; 2) kurangnya pengetahuan pelaku UMKM terkait cara pembuatan NIB melalui web resmi OSS RBA; 3) kurangnya pengetahuan pelaku UMKM terkait manfaat izin usaha untuk jangkauan pemasaran lebih luas (digital) dan dimudahkan untuk proses lebih lanjut seperti pangajuan sertifikat izin Produk Industri Rumah Tangga (SPP-IRT) serta pengajuan sertifikat halal BPOM. Solusi yang ditawarkan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan mitra ada 3 tahapan, yaitu sosialisasi tentang pentingnya dan manfaat perizinan usaha, pelatihan serta pendampingan pembuatan NIB. Target luaran yang diharapkan adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan mitra terkait perizinan usaha dan cara membuat NIB Berusaha (NIB) melalui Online Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS RBA). Adapun hasil dari PkM ini akan di publikasikan pada prosiding nasional jurnal Maren pengabdian kepada masyarakat ( https://ojs.ukim.ac.id/index.php/maren ), publikasi pada media massa Lintas Berita (https://lintas-berita.com/2022/09/05/dukung-legalitas-danpengembangan-umkm-jemaat-gpm-petra-vernando-yanry-lameky-dkk-ciptakan-aplikasiedukasi-nib/ /), video kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat sudah terbit pada konten youtube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5NXXLAXEwIt=99s ), Peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan pentingnya pembuatan NIB untuk legalitas dan pengembangan UMKM sebesar 75% melalui pengukuran pre-post, Produk Aplikasi Android terkait edukasi NIB dan terdaftar Hak Kekayaan Intelektual.
Martinize2 and Vermouth: Unified Framework for Topology Generation
Authors: Kroon PC , Grunewald F , Barnoud J , van Tilburg M , Souza PCT , Wassenaar TA , Marrink SJ
Published: June 2024

Ongoing advances in force field and computer hardware development enable the use of molecular dynamics (MD) to simulate increasingly complex systems with the ultimate goal of reaching cellular complexity. At the same time, rational design by high-throughput (HT) simulations is another forefront of MD. In these areas, the Martini coarse-grained force field, especially the latest version ( i.e. v3), is being actively explored because it offers enhanced spatial-temporal resolution. However, the automation tools for preparing simulations with the Martini force field, accompanying the previous version, were not designed for HT simulations or studies of complex cellular systems. Therefore, they become a major limiting factor. To address these shortcomings, we present the open-source vermouth python library. Vermouth is designed to become the unified framework for developing programs, which prepare, run, and analyze Martini simulations of complex systems. To demonstrate the power of the vermouth library, the martinize2 program is showcased as a generalization of the martinize script, originally aimed to set up simulations of proteins. In contrast to the previous version, martinize2 automatically handles protonation states in proteins and post-translation modifications, offers more options to fine-tune structural biases such as the elastic network, and can convert nonprotein molecules such as ligands. Finally, martinize2 is used in two high-complexity benchmarks. The entire I-TASSER protein template database as well as a subset of 200,000 structures from the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database are converted to CG resolution and we illustrate how the checks on input structure quality can safeguard HT applications.
Myelin dystrophy in the aging prefrontal cortex leads to impaired signal transmission and working memory decline: a multiscale computational study
Authors: Ibañez Sara , Sengupta Nilapratim , Luebke Jennifer I. , Wimmer Klaus , Weaver Christina M.
Published: June 2024

Normal aging leads to myelin alterations in the rhesus monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), which are positively correlated with degree of cognitive impairment. It is hypothesized that remyelination with shorter and thinner myelin sheaths partially compensates for myelin degradation, but computational modeling has not yet explored these two phenomena together systematically. Here, we used a two-pronged modeling approach to determine how age-related myelin changes affect a core cognitive function: spatial working memory. First, we built a multicompartment pyramidal neuron model fit to monkey dlPFC empirical data, with an axon including myelinated segments having paranodes, juxtaparanodes, internodes, and tight junctions. This model was used to quantify conduction velocity (CV) changes and action potential (AP) failures after demyelination and subsequent remyelination. Next, we incorporated the single neuron results into a spiking neural network model of working memory. While complete remyelination nearly recovered axonal transmission and network function to unperturbed levels, our models predict that biologically plausible levels of myelin dystrophy, if uncompensated by other factors, can account for substantial working memory impairment with aging. The present computational study unites empirical data from ultrastructure up to behavior during normal aging, and has broader implications for many demyelinating conditions, such as multiple sclerosis or schizophrenia.
Nonlinear feedback modulation contributes to the optimization of flexible decision-making
Authors: Wu Xuanyu , Zhou Yang
Published: June 2024

Neural activity in the primate brain correlates with both sensory evaluation and action selection aspects of decision-making. However, the intricate interaction between these distinct neural processes and their impact on decision behaviors remains unexplored. Here, we examined the interplay of these decision processes in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) when monkeys performed a flexible decision task. We found that the PPC activity related to monkeys’ abstract decisions about visual stimuli was nonlinearly modulated by monkeys’ following saccade choices directing outside each neuron’s response field. Recurrent neural network modeling indicated that the feedback connections, matching the learned stimuli-response associations during the task, mediated such feedback modulation. Further analysis on network dynamics revealed that selectivity-specific feedback connectivity intensified the attractor basins of population activity underlying saccade choices, thereby increasing the consistency of flexible decisions. These results highlight an iterative computation between different decision processes, mediated primarily by precise feedback connectivity, contributing to the optimization of flexible decision-making.
Integrative systematic revision of the Montseny brook newt (Calotriton arnoldi), with the description of a new subspecies
Authors: Talavera Adrián , Valbuena-Ureña Emilio , Burriel-Carranza Bernat , Mochales-Riaño Gabriel , Adams Dean C. , Amat Fèlix , Carbonell Francesc , Carranza Salvador
Published: June 2024

The Montseny brook newt (Calotriton arnoldi), a glacial relict endemic to a small, isolated massif in northeast Spain, is considered the only Critically Endangered urodele in Europe. Its restricted range is divided by a deep valley that acts as an impassable barrier to dispersal, separating two isolated metapopulations (Western and Eastern) that correspond to independent lineages with different evolutionary trajectories, based on genetic and genomic data. Here, we address the ecological differentiation between lineages and discuss its potential effect on the phenotypic distinctness of each lineage. Based on multiple lines of evidence, we formally describe the Western Montseny brook newt as a new subspecies: Calotriton arnoldi laietanus ssp. nov. Finally, our study underscores the importance of considering taxonomic progress in the conservation policies of endangered species, ensuring appropriate management and protection of the newly described taxa.
In-Situ Measurement of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity Function by Point Source Field Dripper Method Using Newly Developed Micro Irrigation Simulator for wheat Field
Authors: Tabish Mohd , Bajpai A.K. , Verma Chhedi Lal , Pyasi S.K. , Singh R.B. , Deshmukh G.D.
Published: June 2024

Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function (Kh) is an important soil parameter stating water transmission characteristics within the soil mass. It is essentially required in designing of drip irrigation systems. There are many laboratory and in-situ measurement techniques available for the measurement of Kh. These methods have associated limitations. Soil particle distribution curve had been also used for Kh estimation which is laborious and associated with own limitations. A point source field dripper model (PSFDM) using Wooding [1] theory was first time used by Shani et al. [2] for Kh measurement in the field. Experimental set up used earlier had great limitations of controlling dripper discharge by maintaining appropriate pressure in drip line. Hence an experimental set up (micro-irrigation simulator) was developed for in-situ measurement of Kh which simulates real field drip conditions. Experiments was conducted to measure steady state saturated fronts against 2.02, 4.04, 7.56 and 8.31 lph dripper discharges maintaining one atmospheric pressure in drip line in recently harvested wheat field. Inverse saturated radii (r-1) were plotted against water flux density q (cm hr-1).  Slope and intercept of the plotted line was worked out and Ks and α were calculated using steady state PSFD theory. Ks value was calculated as 50.03 cm/day and α as 0.1048 cm-1 using PSFD model of Shani et al. [2] and 60.00 cm/day and 0.0984 cm-1 using PSFD model of Warrick [3]. Ks value measured by using inverse auger hole method was 8.694 cm/day and by infiltrometer test 19.13 cm/day. The PSFDM is relatively new method and is useful for measuring Kh of tilled zone. Kh values are much higher than the values of Kh of untilled soil at deeper depths due to compaction. The developed experimental set up has great compatibility with PSFD theory.
Phonoemissive spin tunneling in molecular nanomagnets
Authors: Garg A.
Published: February 2012

A new mechanism is proposed for the magnetization reversal of molecular nanomagnets such as Fe8. In this process the spin tunnels from the lowest state near one easy direction to the first excited state near the opposite easy direction, and subsequently decays to the second easy direction with the emission of a phonon, or it first emits a phonon and then tunnels to the final state. This mechanism is the simplest imaginable one that allows magnetization relaxation in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field that is so large that the nuclear spin environment cannot absorb the energy required for energy conservation to hold. It is proposed as a way of understanding both magnetization realaxation and Landau‐Zener‐Stückelberg (LZS) experiments. The requisite Fermi golden rule rate, and the spin‐flip rates are calculated. The rates are too low to affect the minima in the LZS tunneling as a function of transverse field, and also somewhat low for relaxation. Thus a full understanding of magnetic relaxation in the experiments remains an open question.
A quantum spin‐liquid in correlated relativistic electrons
Authors: Meng Z.Y. , Lang T.C. , Wessel S. , Assaad F.F. , Muramatsu A.
Published: February 2012

In recent years, an increasing number of systems displaying exotic quantum states like unconventional superconductivity, quantum spin‐liquids, or topological states were experimentally found. Here we summarize findings in quantum Monte Carlo simulations of correlated electrons on a honeycomb lattice, the structure of graphene, that revealed an unexpected spin‐liquid emerging between a state described by massless Dirac fermions and an antiferromagnetically ordered Mott insulator. Moreover, we found that this quantum‐disordered state is a resonating valence‐bond (RVB) liquid, akin to the one proposed for high temperature superconductors. This was the first unbiased determination of a RVB‐liquid in an electronic system.
Composites from northern red oak (Quercus robur) leaves and plant oil‐based resins
Authors: Campanella A. , Wool R. P. , Bah M. , Fita S. , Abuobaid A.
Published: February 2012

Composite materials were successfully made out of plant oil‐based resin and northern red oak (Quercus robur) leaves collected in the fall. The viscosities of the bio‐based resins (MAESO and MAELO) were suited to high temperature resin transfer molding (RTM) and vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) processing. The leaves have a waxy epidermal surface layer that needs to be dewaxed prior to use in a composite part. We used different treatments (such as benzene–ethanol, boiling water, and strong detergent) to dewax the leaves; all three methods seem to give good results; but boiling water and strong detergent were considered the best treatments for the dewaxing of leaves and boiling water was considered the greenest dewaxing method. The compatibility between the resin and the leaves was improved with a silane treatment which resulted in composites with higher mechanical stiffness than the resin itself. With 10 wt % leaves, we obtained an improvement in the composite modulus of about 14% from which we could estimate the leaf modulus at about 5.3 GPa. An alternative method to produce biocomposites from leaves without the need for silane treatments consists in carbonizing the leaves first at 215°C for 12 h, and then at 450°C for 1 h. The composites made with leaves and bioresins derived from functionalized triglycerides have the potential for use in high volume applications with low costs such as housing, construction, civil infrastructure, toys, and furniture. The use of leaves as a biocomposite filler has several advantages including (a) reduced cost, (b) improved properties of the resin, (c) composites with high bio content, (d) removal of a waste material with subsequent prevention of burning with attendant health hazards, and (e) interesting design aesthetics for interior and exterior decoration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013
Stabilization of High‐Valence Ruthenium with Silicotungstate Ligands: Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Redox Studies of Ruthenium(III)‐Substituted α‐Keggin‐Type Silicotungstates with Pyridine Ligands, [SiW11O39RuIII(Py)]5−
Authors: Sadakane Masahiro , Moroi Sachie , Iimuro Yoshifumi , Izarova Natalya , Kortz Ulrich , Hayakawa Shinjiro , Kato Kazuo , Ogo Shuhei , Ide Yusuke , Ueda Wataru , Sano Tsuneji
Published: February 2012

Ruthenium(III)‐substituted α‐Keggin‐type silicotungstates with pyridine‐based ligands, [SiW11O39RuIII(Py)]5−, (Py: pyridine (1), 4‐pyridine‐carboxylic acid (2), 4,4′‐bipyridine (3), 4‐pyridine‐acetamide (4), and 4‐pyridine‐methanol (5)) were prepared by reacting [SiW11O39RuIII(H2O)]5− with the pyridine derivatives in water at 80 °C and then isolated as their hydrated cesium salts. These compounds were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV/Vis, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, titration, and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) analysis (Ru K‐edge and L3‐edge). Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of compounds 2, 3, and 4 revealed that RuIII was incorporated in the α‐Keggin framework and was coordinated by pyridine derivatives through a RuN bond. In the solid state, compounds 2 and 3 formed a dimer through ππ interaction of the pyridine moieties, whereas they existed as monomers in solution. CV indicated that the incorporated RuIII–Py was reversibly oxidized into the RuIV–Py derivative and reduced into the RuII–Py derivative.
Molecular Recognition of Hydrocarbon Guests by a Supramolecular Capsule Formed by the 4:4 Self‐Assembly of Tris(Zn2+–Cyclen) and Trithiocyanurate in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Aoki Shin , Suzuki Satoshi , Kitamura Masanori , Haino Takeharu , Shiro Motoo , Zulkefeli Mohd , Kimura Eiichi
Published: February 2012

We have previously reported that the trimeric Zn2+–cyclen complex (tris(Zn2+–cyclen), [Zn3L1]6+) and the trianion of trithiocyanuric acid (TCA3−) assembled in a 4:4 ratio to form a cuboctahedral supramolecular cage, [(Zn3L1)4(TCA3−)4]12+ (hereafter referred to as a Zn–cage), in neutral aqueous solution (cyclen=1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane). Herein, we examined the molecular recognition of C1–C12 hydrocarbons (CnH(2n+2) (n≈1–12)), cyclopentane, cyclododecane, cis‐decalin, and trans‐decalin by the Zn–cage under normal atmospheric pressure. This cage complex was also able to encapsulate guest molecules that had larger volumes than that of the inner cavity of the Zn–cage, thereby suggesting that the inner shape of the Zn–cage was flexible. Computational simulations of Zn–cage–guest complexes provided support for this conclusion. Moreover, the solvent‐accessible surface areas (SASA) of the Zn–cage host, guest molecules, and the Zn–cage‐guest complexes were calculated and the data were used to explain the order of stability determined by the guest‐replacement experiments. The storage of volatile molecules in aqueous solution by the Zn–cage is also discussed.
InCl3‐Driven Regioselective Synthesis of Functionalized/Annulated Quinolines: Scope and Limitations
Authors: Chanda Tanmoy , Verma Rajiv Kumar , Singh Maya Shankar
Published: February 2012

The efficient, regioselective synthesis of functionalized/annulated quinolines was achieved by the coupling of 2‐aminoaryl ketones with alkynes/active methylenes/α‐oxoketene dithioacetals promoted by InCl3in refluxing acetonitrile as well as under solvent‐free conditions in excellent yields. This transformation presumably proceeded through the hydroamination–hydroarylation of alkynes, and the Friedländer annulation of active methylene compounds and α‐oxoketene dithioacetals with 2‐aminoarylketones. In addition, simple reductive and oxidative cyclization of 2‐nitrobenzaldehyde and 2‐aminobenzylalcohol, respectively, afforded substituted quinolines. Systematic optimization of the reaction parameters allowed us to identify two‐component coupling (2CC) conditions that were tolerant of a wide range of functional groups, thereby providing densely functionalized/annulated quinolines. This approach tolerates the synthesis of various bioactive quinoline frameworks from the same 2‐aminoarylketones under mild conditions, thus making this strategy highly useful in diversity‐oriented synthesis (DOS). The scope and limitations of the alkyne‐, activated methylene‐, and α‐oxoketene dithioacetal components on the reaction were also investigated.
Evaluation of Reproductive Disorders in Female Rats Exposed to N‐Methyl‐2‐Pyrrolidone
Authors: Sitarek Krystyna , Stetkiewicz Jan , Wąsowicz Wojciech
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND: N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) is a solvent used in the petrochemical, and electronic industries, in pesticides production, veterinary drugs, and paint removers. The aim of study was to evaluate the relationship between the dose of NMP given orally and its effect on fertility in female rats and early development of their progeny. METHODS: Females were exposed by gavage 5 days/week to NMP at 150, 450, or 1000 mg/kg/day 2 weeks before mating, during mating, gestation, and lactation. On the first postnatal day (PND 1), the live and dead pups were counted, weighed, and gender was determined. On PND 4, the litters were culled to eight animals each and balanced for gender. Young animals were observed during 3 weeks after birth. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fertility index did not significantly differ in the control and the group exposed at 150 mg/kg/day but it was significantly lower in the groups exposed at 450 or 1000 mg/kg/day. The number of live pups in the group exposed to the highest dose was significantly lower and the number of stillbirths in litters was significantly greater. Survival of the pups from all exposed groups during the 3 weeks after birth was significantly lower than the control animals. The results of our study indicate that intragastric exposure of female rats to NMP before pregnancy during gestation causes significant impairment in female fertility and intrauterine mortality rates. At lower doses, toxic or slightly toxic to the mothers, this substance causes decrease in viability and physical development of progeny.
The Quality of the Childrearing Environment of Refugee or Asylum‐Seeking Children and the Best Interests of the Child: Reliability and Validity of the BIC‐Q
Authors: Zijlstra A. Elianne , Kalverboer Margrite E. , Post Wendy J. , Knorth Erik J. , Ten Brummelaar Mijntje D.C.
Published: February 2012

The Best Interest of the Child Questionnaire (BIC‐Q) has been designed as an instrument for screening the quality of the rearing situation of asylum‐seeking or refugee children. It is intended to aid legal decisions in asylum procedures. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and the construct validity of the BIC‐Q. Based on a study sample of refugee or asylum‐seeking children in the Netherlands (N = 74), the psychometric quality of the BIC‐Q was investigated using Cohen's kappa for the inter‐ and intrarater reliability and a nonparametric item response model for the construct validity. The interrater and intrarater reliabilities of the BIC‐Q were good (kappa = .65 and .74 respectively). The results of the item response model revealed that the 14 pedagogical environmental conditions formed a strong and valid measurement scale for the quality of the childrearing environment (H = .55; rho = .94). Preliminary results indicate that the BIC‐Q may be applied to support decisions on where the asylum‐seeking or refugee child has the best opportunities for development. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sex differences in offending trajectories in a Swedish cohort
Authors: Andersson Frida , Levander Sten , Svensson Robert , Levander Marie Torstensson
Published: February 2012

Background

Despite the increased interest in female offending trajectories over the last decades, knowledge is still limited.

Aim

To meet the need for more knowledge on female offending trajectories by studying sex differences in criminal career patterns.

Method

Data on 518 female and 2567 male offenders up to age 30 from the Swedish longitudinal Project Metropolitan study were analysed using latent class analysis.

Results

The female offenders were much less predisposed to offend than the males, but when they did, they tended to follow a similar set of trajectories to males in their criminal development over time. Four criminal career patterns were identified for each sex. Two patterns were the same between the sexes, and two were gender unique. All career patterns had meaningful and distinct associations with crime characteristics.

Conclusions

Our study presents indicators relating both to gender differences and to heterogeneity within the group of female offenders. One important finding was the identification of an adult‐onset offender group unique to females. This group was characterised by high criminal activity over the years following their late onset. Further research will focus on the childhood origins, pathways and outcomes of different female antisocial and criminal careers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric focal pericardial thickening causing physiologically significant constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Siddiqi Nauman , Kern Morton J. , Patel Pranav M.
Published: February 2012

A 34‐year‐old woman presented with refractory ascites and edema. Echocardiography revealed normal left ventricular function with a restrictive diastolic filling pattern. Tissue Doppler velocities of the mitral annulus were normal. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a focal region of pericardial thickening anterior to the right ventricle and normal thickness pericardium in the other segments. However, abnormal delayed enhancement MRI (consistent with inflammation) was present in both the thickened and the normal pericardial segments. Invasive hemodynamics confirmed constrictive physiology and the patient underwent successful pericardiectomy. This case highlights the utility of multimodality imaging in the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis and the underappreciated fact that the pericardium need not be globally thickened to cause hemodynamically significant constrictive physiology.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combustion Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of the Small Hydrofullerene C50H10
Authors: Chen Jian‐Hua , Gao Zhi‐Yong , Weng Qun‐Hong , Jiang Wen‐Sheng , He Qiao , Liang Hua , Deng Lin‐Long , Xie Su‐Lan , Huang Hui‐Ying , Lu Xin , Xie Su‐Yuan , Shi Kang , Huang Rong‐Bin , Zheng Lan‐Sun
Published: February 2012

The hydrofullerene C50H10 is synthesized by low‐pressure benzene–oxygen diffusion combustion. The structure of C50H10 is identified through NMR, mass spectrometry, and IR and Raman spectroscopy as a D5h symmetric closed‐cage molecule with five pairs of fused pentagons stabilized by ten hydrogen atoms. UV/Vis and fluorescence spectrometric analyses disclose its optical properties as comparable with those of its chloride cousin (C50Cl10). Cyclic and square‐wave voltammograms reveal that the first reduction potential of C50H10 is more negative than that of C50Cl10 as well as C60, with implications for the utilization of C50H10 as a promising electron acceptor for photovoltaic applications.
Seide aus Beton
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: February 2012

Ein nur wenige Millimeter großer Meeresbewohner aus der Ordnung der Flohkrebse baut sich Röhren aus einem proteinhaltigen Material, das mit dem klebrigen Zement der Seepocken verwandt ist, aber gesponnene Fasern nach Art der Spinnenseide enthält.
Brennstoffzellen ohne Edelmetallkatalysator
Authors: Jaenicke Lothar
Published: February 2012

Die kathodische Reduktion von Sauerstoff mit Wasserstoff erzeugt hohe Energie und wenig Schadstoff. Sie ist daher der “Hoffnungsträger” aller Nieder‐ und Hochspannungingenieure standfester und sich bewegender Anwendungen der Zukunft, wenn es gelingt, leichte Brennstoffzellen ohne Edelmetallkatalysatoren zu entwickeln.
On‐demand transmission model for remote visualization using image‐based rendering
Authors: Al‐Saidi Asma , Walker David W. , Rana Omer F.
Published: February 2012

Interactive distributed visualization is an emerging technology with numerous applications. However, many of the present approaches to interactive distributed visualization have limited performance because they are based on the traditional polygonal processing graphics pipeline. In contrast, image‐based rendering uses multiple images of the scene instead of a three‐dimensional geometrical representation, and so has the key advantage that the final output is independent of the scene complexity and depends on the desired final image resolution. Furthermore, the discrete nature of the light field dataset maps well to a hybrid solution, which can overcome the identified drawbacks. In this paper, we propose an on‐demand solution for efficiently transmitting visualization data to remote users/clients. This is achieved through sending selected parts of the dataset based on the current client viewpoint, and is done instead of downloading a complete replica of the light field dataset to each client, or remotely sending a single rendered view back from a central server to the user each time the user updates their viewing parameters. The on‐demand approach shows stable performance as the number of clients increases because the load on the server and the network traffic are reduced. Furthermore, detailed performance studies show that the proposed scheme outperforms the current solution in terms of interactivity measured in frames per second. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.