bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Custom‐Made Antibiotic Cement‐Coated Nail for the Treatment of Infected Bone Defect
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Luo Wen , Zhou Yong , Zhu Zhenfeng , Zhao Zihou , Liu Shiyu , Li Jing , Feng Xuebin , Zheng Yao , Liang Jiahe , Yi Jiangpu , Zhang Yong , Zhang Yunfei
Published: March 2021

Background. Longbone infected bone defect remains a great challenge due to multiple surgeries, long‐term treatment duration, and uncertain prognosis. Treatment principles include eradication/debridement, stabilization, and antibiotic administration. An antibiotic cement‐coated nail has shown great prospects due to both local antibiotic elution and stabilization of bone defects. However, the current fabrication technique remains to be improved. Methods. For the first time, we described a new method for custom‐made cement‐coated nail fabrication based on a 3D printing technique. A retrospective study of 19 consecutive patients with long bone infected bone defects from one medical center was conducted who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from November 2016 to May 2020. The treatment involved thorough debridement, custom‐made antibiotic cement‐coated nail filling, and culture‐specific systemic antibiotic treatment guided by a multidisciplinary team. Clinical and radiographic examinations (X‐ray and CT scans) were used to evaluate bony union. Clinical and laboratory examinations were used to evaluate the infection control. The SF‐36 score was used to evaluate patients’ quality of life pre‐ and postoperatively. Results. The mean follow‐up was 98.8 weeks (ranging from 40 to 192). All cases achieved infection control, 3 cases achieved bone healing after one‐stage operation, and 12 cases achieved bone healing after a two‐stage bone graft procedure. At the last follow‐up, none of the 19 patients had infection recurrence or 1 case had failure of the protective plate. The pre‐ and postoperative SF‐36 score showed that there were statistical differences in all the 9 aspects. Conclusions. The precise custom‐made antibiotic cement‐coated intramedullary nail through the 3D printing technique used in this study is an effective strategy for the treatment of infected bone defects of long bone. This technique may help to increase the infection control rate and promote bone healing.
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Thailand: A Comprehensive Modelling of Epidemic Dynamics
Authors: Verma Suraj , Razzaque M. A. , Sangtongdee U. , Arpnikanondt C. , Tassaneetrithep B. , Arthan D. , Paratthakonkun C. , Soonthornworasiri N.
Published: March 2021

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious disease with several outbreaks in Asian-Pacific countries, including Thailand. With such epidemic characteristics and potential economic impact, HFMD is a significant public health issue in Thailand. Generally, contagious/infectious diseases’ transmission dynamics vary across geolocations due to different socioeconomic situations, demography, and lifestyles. Hence, a nationwide comprehensive model of the disease’s epidemic dynamics can provide information to understand better and predict a potential outbreak of this disease and efficiently and effectively manage its impact. However, there is no nationwide and comprehensive (i.e., the inclusion of reinfections in the model) model of HFDM dynamics for Thailand. This paper has endeavoured to promote nationwide comprehensive modelling of HFMD’s epidemic dynamics and comprehend the reinfection cases. We have formulated the SEIRS epidemiological model with dynamic vitals, including reinfections, to explore this disease’s prevalence. We also introduced periodic seasonality to reproduce the seasonal effect. The pattern of spread of this disease is uneven across the provinces in Thailand, so we used

K

-means clustering algorithm to cluster those provinces into three groups (i.e., highly, moderately, and least affected levels). We also analysed health records collected from district hospitals, which suggest significant reinfection cases. For example, we found that 11% (approximately) of infectious patients return for repeat treatment within the study period. We also performed sensitivity analysis which indicates that the basic reproduction number (

R

0

) is sensitive to the rate of transmission (

β

) and the rate at which infected people recover (

γ

). By fitting the model with HFMD confirmed data for the provinces in each cluster, the basic reproduction number (

R

0

) was estimated to be 2.643, 1.91, and 3.246 which are greater than 1. Based on this high

R

0

, this study recommends that this disease will persist in the coming years under identical cultural and environmental conditions.
Hamming neural network application with FPGA device
Authors: Mezher Liqaa Saadi
Published: March 2021

The Hamming neural network is a kind of counterfeit neural system that substance of two kinds of layers (feed forward layers and repetitive layer). In this study, two pattern entries are utilization in the binary number. In the first layer, two nerves were utilization as the pure line work. In the subsequent layer, three nerves and a positive line work were utilization. The Hamming Neural system calculation was also implemented in three reproduction strategies (logical gate technique, programming program encryption strategy and momentary square chart technique). In this study in programming of VHDL and FPGA machine was utilization.
Prognosis of Claims‐ Versus Trial‐Based Ischemic and Bleeding Events Beyond 1 Year After Coronary Stenting
Authors: Butala Neel M. , Faridi Kamil F. , Secemsky Eric A. , Song Yang , Curtis Jeptha , Gibson Charles Michael , Kazi Dhruv , Shen Changyu , Yeh Robert W.
Published: March 2021

Background

It is unknown whether clinical events identified with administrative claims have similar prognosis compared with trial‐adjudicated events in cardiovascular clinical trials. We compared the prognostic significance of claims‐based end points in context of trial‐adjudicated end points in the DAPT (Dual Antiplatelet Therapy) study.

Methods and Results

We matched 1336 patients aged ≥65 years who received percutaneous coronary intervention in the DAPT study with the CathPCI registry linked to Medicare claims. We compared death at 21 months post‐randomization using Cox proportional hazards models among patients with ischemic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) and bleeding events identified by: (1) both trial adjudication and claims; (2) trial adjudication only; and (3) claims only. A total of 47 patients (3.5%) had ischemic events identified by both trial adjudication and claims, 24 (1.8%) in trial adjudication only, 15 (1.1%) in claims only, and 1250 (93.6%) had no ischemic events, with annualized unadjusted mortality rates of 12.8, 5.5, 14.9, and 1.26 per 100 person‐years, respectively. A total of 44 patients (3.3%) had bleeding events identified with both trial adjudication and claims, 13 (1.0%) in trial adjudication only, 65 (4.9%) in claims only, and 1214 (90.9%) had no bleeding events, with annualized unadjusted mortality rates of 11.0, 16.8, 10.7, and 0.95 per 100 person‐years, respectively. Among patients with no trial‐adjudicated events, patients with events in claims only had a high subsequent adjusted mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) ischemic events: 31.5; 95% CI, 8.9‒111.9; HR bleeding events 23.9; 95% CI, 10.7‒53.2).

Conclusions

In addition to trial‐adjudicated events, claims identified additional clinically meaningful ischemic and bleeding events that were prognostically significant for death.
Morality and Religiousness: The Original Formulation
Authors: Cheng Anne
Published: March 2021

A symposium on “morality and religiousness, Chinese and Western” would most probably need to recount the historical context and the pristine philosophical formulation of the debate on the problematic relationships between these two terms, which are to be found in the very first transcultural experience between China and Europe launched by the “accommodation” strategy of the Jesuits in their approach to seventeenth- to eighteenth-centuries Chinese elite values and culture. This presentation will deal with the original formulation of the “morality and religiousness” question as applied to the Neo-Confucian tradition, as well as with its repercussions on later developments down to contemporary debates.
Speaking up for Superstition: A Note on The Ethics of Chinese Popular Belief
Authors: Barrett Timothy H.
Published: March 2021

Most Chinese religious practice and belief in times past, and even throughout much of the Chinese world today, falls into the still current category of superstition. Assessing the ethical notions that tend to obtain within this vast area of religious life is not easy, but it needs to be done for practical reasons, not least because the legal consequences of moral actions arising from the body of beliefs concerned are starting to come before courts outside China itself. Once the assumptions of a very different worldview affirming the existence of an unseen spirit world are taken into account, the deeds of believers in this worldview can be discussed from the point of view of ethics. Philosophers might do well to pay more attention to this topic.
Montaigne’s of Cruelty and the Emergence of Hermeneutic and Intercultural Modernity: Three Rival Readings
Authors: Watson Stephen H.
Published: March 2021

While classical interpretations of hermeneutics have often identified themselves with Montaigne, others have contested not only whether Montaigne is committed to an account of a hermeneutic self, but whether a hermeneutics of traditional or self-identity (or differentiation) is either possible or desirable. This article will investigate the continuing viability of hermeneutics through contested interpretations of Montaigne undertaken from the varying standpoints of phenomenology (Merleau-Ponty), psychoanalysis (Lacan), and critical theory (Horkheimer). These interpretations have shed significant light on Montaigne’s work and have in turn been further illuminated by it; they reveal not only something about the hermeneutics of Montaigne’s work, but about consciousness, and the timeliness of hermeneutics itself.
Value and Selfhood: Pragmatism, Confucianism, and Phenomenology
Authors: Neville Robert Cummings
Published: March 2021

This article articulates a dialogue between Edward Casey, Cheng Chung-ying, and me that began at the Eastern Division annual meeting in Philadelphia of the American Philosophical Association, in a session sponsored by the International Society for Chinese Philosophy. There, we read brief versions of the papers presented in this issue and commented on one another. Casey represented Continental phenomenology, Cheng the Chinese tradition as he has developed it into onto-generative hermeneutics, and I the melding of American pragmatic and Confucian traditions that I have been developing.
Phenomenology at the Edge of its Orbit
Authors: Casey Edward S.
Published: March 2021

Although cultures far away and with other languages and customs are felt to be exotic by many in one s own culture, all cultures recognize the importance of a consistent bodily praxis as a basis for ethical behavior. I show that thinkers as diverse as Aristotle, Dewey, James, Peirce, Husserl, and Merleau-Ponty all acknowledge this habitual-bodily basis as well as its deeply social character. So does Confucius, even if he emphasizes ceremonial aspects more than Aristotle, the American pragmatists, and phenomenologists. Linking these thinkers is a common emphasis on the performative dimension of reliably repetitive bodily actions that engender effective social actions and interactions.
Authoring Non-Action in Early China
Authors: Brindley Erica
Published: March 2021

This essay explores a call for non-action in certain ancient Chinese texts that, contrary to expectation, implicitly upholds definitions of action that are comparable to Western understandings of the term. The call for non-action in ancient Chinese texts differs significantly, however, from what Western theorists usually define as legitimate, agent-led action through its negation of viewing means-end calculations as the basis of action. Closer analysis of such formulations on non-action reveal that that there is room for a broader definition in action theory of what constitutes a coherent, unified, creative agent.
Wisdom, Agency, and the Role of Reasons in Mengzi
Authors: Ramsey John
Published: March 2021

I examine the role moral reasons play in the Mengzi and their relationship to Mengzi’s conception of wisdom. Some commentators have argued that agency in early Chinese thought is best characterized as performance based rather than deliberation based. I propose that Mengzi’s conception of agency is both performative and deliberative because he understands wisdom as a sort of expert decision making. Consequently, Mengzi relies on moral reasons of two sorts. First, duan-reasons are reasons to act so as to overcome internal obstacles to action and, second, renyi-reasons are reasons to act so as to achieve a goal that constitutes moral success.
To Really see the Little Things: Sage Knowledge in Action
Authors: Allen Barry
Published: March 2021

Sage knowledge knows the evolution of circumstances from an early point, when tendencies may be inconspicuously, “effortlessly” diverted. This knowledge is expressed, not “represented,” being an intensive quality of action rather than of belief, proposition, or theory, and its effortlessness is not a matter of effort versus no effort, but of the intensity with which effort tends to vanish. The value of such knowledge and the explanation of its accomplishment in terms of perceiving incipience or “really seeing the little things” crisscross lines among Confucians, Neo-Confucians, Daoists, and Art of War thinkers. What distinguishes these currents arises not from different definitions or justifications of knowledge but instead different ideas about how to acquire such knowledge and especially how to train it for wisdom.
The Fanwu Liuxing and its Intellectual Discussion about the One
Authors: Lee Sungryule
Published: March 2021

This article presents a translation of an uncovered bamboo text, Fanwu Liuxing (FW), with some discussions on the nature of the text. The FW proposes the One as the primordial entity which can stabilize and maintain the existence and movement of all nature as well as all the phenomena and orders in the nature and humanity. To the rulers, the acquisition of the One makes possible the unification of the world and, moreover, its stable control, leading eventually to the most valuable existence of the world as the model of Heaven and Earth. The FW further argues that the political rhetoric and utilization of the One maximize the political efficiency for the ruling of one state or the world.
Forms of Reasoning in Western and Chinese Philosophy
Authors: Forster Michael N.
Published: March 2021

I would like in this article to make some tentative comparative observations about several sorts of reasoning in Western and Chinese philosophy. I try to say something about three important forms of reasoning: logic, skepticism, and practical reason. In each of these cases one can find strands of Chinese philosophy that are strikingly similar to counterparts in Western philosophy. And while in two of the cases in question (logic and skepticism) the strands involved are less common and less fully developed than their Western counterparts, in the third case (practical reason) they are highly sophisticated and in many ways superior to their Western counterparts.
Hegel’s Orientalist Philosophy of History and its Kantian Anthropological Legacy
Authors: Heurtebise Jean-Yves
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to shed new light on Hegel’s rather problematic statements about Asian thinking and Chinese philosophy by disclosing the Orientalist antecedents found in Kant’s anthropological works. First, the notion of Orientalism will be defined with reference to Orientalism (1977) and “Orientalism Reconsidered” (1985) by Edward Said. Second, an exploration of Kant’s anthropological research will show that this constituted the turning point in the Western Orientalist perception of China which had a strong influence on Hegel Finally, it will be claimed that Hegel’s Orientalist perception of China rests on a definition of culture as the expression of the “spirit of a people” (Volksgeist) that has recently been revised by contemporary post-colonial anthropologists.
On the Fourfold Root of the Notion of “Being” in Chinese Language and Script
Authors: Kwan Tze-Wan
Published: March 2021

One might think that the European verb “to be” can find no counterpart in archaic Chinese. This paper starts with two sidetracks on Heidegger and Benveniste, which prepare us a broader horizon in dealing with the notion of “being.” It is indeed conceivable in the four Chinese characters shi 是, zai 在, cun 存 and you 有. These notions are discussed with the help of corresponding archaic Chinese script tokens. This so-called fourfold root explains why it is precisely these characters that have become the most widely used Chinese translations for the notion of “being.”
Agency, Culture, Modernity: Towards a New Understanding of Confucian Practical Reasoning
Authors: Marchal Kai
Published: March 2021

In this essay, I argue for a historical-critical perspective on rationality. In our global age, we in the West need to come to terms with the fact that non-Western traditions have developed complex forms of practical rationality. I will first give an overview of what I call the “Confucian standards of reasoning.” Secondly, I will explain how the Neo-Confucian thinker Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130–1200) has rearticulated the earlier understanding of practical reasoning. Thirdly, I will demonstrate why a comparative perspective may enrich our reasoned engagement with individuals in the Chinese-speaking world. In developing forms of global reasoning, we should make sure that these are neither parochial nor difference-blind.
On Hegel and Nancy’s Relation-World
Authors: Angelova Emilia
Published: March 2021

To-be being-with, that is, to be co-constitutive of the world of spirit and as well of the world of the social: this is how Jean-Luc Nancy reformulates Hegel’s question of Being’s identity with thought. Nancy’s preoccupation with the Thought-event of being offers a transformative reading of Hegel, one which calls for a move beyond the political tradition of Being’s identity with representational thought. Hegel contributes to a renewal of the idea of thinking that moves beyond representation by introducing a movement into thought as driven by a force that is not simply the negativity of Kant’s “thing-in-itself.” It is received orthodoxy that Hegel understood representation as representing thought as dialectical movement. Yet as Nancy argues, Hegel grasps that under the force of development of a necessary transcendental illusion thought no longer can remain at the level of representation, and the principle that drives it is rather ontic-ontological. I will introduce a three-point approach to reconstructing the shift to an ontology of Being-with, but first, I will sketch this perspective more generally.
Ontological and Cosmological Primordium: Heng 恆 or Hengxian 恆先? An Interpretation of Hengxian Wuyou 恆先無有 “Prior to Heng, There is Nothing”
Authors: Xi Bai
Published: March 2021

In the statement hengxian wuyou 恆先無有“there is nothing before Hengxian,” the expression hengxian should not be understood as a single concept. It is composed of two parts. Here, heng is used as the highest philosophical concept which expresses the ultimate in the sense of eternity, constancy, uniqueness, and the absolute. In ancient Chinese philosophy, it is similar to some other concepts such as Dao 道 in the Laozi, Taiji 太極 in the Zhouyi, and Taiyi 太一in “Taiyishengshui” 太一生水 from the Guodian corpus. Xian here is used as in heng zhi xian 恒之先, meaning “prior to” or “before.” Therefore, the precise meaning of hengxian is that something before or prior to heng. The proposition hengxian wuyou then can be understood as heng is the uttermost and primal being and there could not be anything before it. Wuyou “nothing” is the essential character or property of heng. Logically, heng 恆 must be the highest philosophical concept of being.

According to ancient Chinese cosmology, seeking for the being or beings before or prior to the becoming of the world is the most common method to explain the origin of the universe. One way to assert something is the origin of the universe is to argue that there is nothing before or prior to it. In other words, a cosmology cannot be successfully established until it can identify a fundamental concept, prior to which nothing can be found.
Chinese Virtues, Four Prisons, and the Way On
Authors: Mar Gary R.
Published: March 2021

How did Chinese virtues inspire the emergence of Asian American philosophy within the American Philosophical Association (APA)? This question might seem a non-starter given the antagonistic disciplinary histories of Asian Studies and Asian American Studies. However, like the families we grew up in, virtues can subtly shape our destinies even if, or perhaps especially if, those virtues are not didactically imposed. In this article, I give a narrative account of how Chinese virtues, exemplified in encounters with Asian American filmmakers, scholars and activists, were inspirational in the struggle to recognize Asian American philosophy within the APA. I also argue that the virtues themselves provide new intellectual perspectives for articulating philosophies of personal identity and public history, scholarship and teaching. These philosophical alternatives to mainstream philosophical views on these topics express core values of Asian American philosophy.
Two Ancient Chinese Antinomies: The Hengxian and Early Cosmology
Authors: Rui Li
Published: March 2021

The cosmology elaborated in the Hengxian is eclectic. Its most salient point is the notion of self–generation which most probably stems from some other independent source no longer extant today. Apart from the cosmology of self–generation, there existed three other types of cosmology in ancient China: ‘nonpresence to presence’ cosmology, numerological cosmology, and mythological cosmology. Interestingly, the pursuit of the cosmological problematic led ancient Chinese thought to two antinomies. The first one revolved around the issue of whether the world and the myriad things have a beginning. The latter antinomy regarded the question of whether the generation and transformation of the world and the myriad things is caused by ‘some agency’ or whether there is ‘no maker’ involved in the cosmological process. These two antinomies have their close counterparts in two of the four antinomies introduced by Immanuel Kant, which attests to the depth of philosophical reasoning in ancient China.
Twelve Basic Theological Concepts in Kant and the Compound Yijing
Authors: Palmquist Stephen R.
Published: March 2021

This article concludes a six-part series correlating Immanuel Kant’s architectonic with a special, “compound” arrangement of the Yijing’s 64 hexagrams (gua) that incorporates the logical form of Kant’s table of categories. After summarizing the previous essays, I relate 12 gua to Kant’s views on the theology faculty: (1) rational theology distinguishes four ways of conceiving God, corresponding to gua 30, 62, 56, and 55; (2) Kant’s four basic requirements for a “true church” correlate with gua 13, 31, 33, and 49; and (3) Kant’s distinction between four practical (moral) attributes of God’s nature corresponds to gua 14, 32, 34, and 50.
From Aesthetics to Ethics: The Place of Delight in Confucian Ethics
Authors: Lambert Andrew
Published: March 2021

An exploration of the role of pleasure or delight (le 樂) in classical Confucian ethics. Building on Michael Nylan’s account of the role of pleasure in public spectacle and social order, I explore how the meaning of delight (le 樂) derives from the features and effects of music (yue 樂). Drawing on Dewey’s aesthetics and accounts of music in Confucian texts, I explore a conception of Confucian ethics, in which delight—like states generated through everyday social interaction are foundational.
Potens per accidens sine accidentibus: Ockham on Material Substances and Their Essential Powers
Authors: Simpson Daniel J.
Published: March 2021

Medieval scholastics share a commitment to a substance-accident ontology and to an analysis of efficient causation in which agents act in virtue of their powers. Given these commitments, it seems ready-made which entities are the agents or powers: substances are agents and their accidents powers. William of Ockham, however, offers a rather different analysis concerning material substances and their essential powers, which this article explores. The article first examines Ockham’s account of propria and his reasons for claiming that a material substance is essentially powerful sine accidentibus. However, the article subsequently argues that, given Ockham’s reductionism about material substance, only substantial forms – never substances – are truly agents and powers. Thus, a material substance is essentially powerful but only by courtesy – per accidens, as Ockham calls it – because it has a non-identical part, its substantial form, which does all the causal work by itself, per se.
Reinforcement of cement mortar with recycled polyethylene waste for construction applications
Authors: Flomo Moses K , Azeko Salifu T , Arthur Emmanuel K , Kukurah Jamal-Deen , Mustapha Kabiru , Annan Ebenezer , Agyei-Tuffour Benjamin
Published: March 2021

This current research work combines both experimental and theoretical study of the impact of cement mortar reinforced with recycled polyethylene waste for applications in the construction industry. The work explores incorporating low density polyethylene (LDPE) waste into cement mortar to improve its fracture toughness and flexural strength with balanced compressive strength. Different volume fractions (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40%) of the powdered LDPE were mixed with cement and the density, compressive strength, flexural strength, and the fracture toughness were observed under different testing conditions. All specimens were tested after curing of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results show that there was [Formula: see text]6% increase in the fracture toughness at 5 vol. %, [Formula: see text]7% increase at 10 vol. %, and 24% increases at 20 vol. % of LDPE. Also, it was observed that the weight and compressive strength decreased with increasing volume fraction up to 40 vol. % of LDPE waste. The results for the survival/failure probability show that the PE-mortar composites with PE volume percentages up to 20 vol. % had the highest survival probability. The composite with this volume percentage can withstand crack up to 6 mm, with a survival probability of 0.6.
Foundational Moments, Representative Claims and the Ecology of Social Ignorance
Authors: Mihai Mihaela
Published: March 2021

This article identifies a blind spot in constructivist theories of representation and their account of legitimacy in terms of the challenge posed by ecologies of social ignorance, generally and especially during foundational moments. Social ignorance is conceptualised here not merely as the absence of knowledge or true belief but as a social practice of legitimising epistemically problematic political imaginaries and the institutional systems they underpin. In dialogue with social epistemologists and phenomenologists, the article shows how representation can nurture social ignorance, despite the availability of ample opportunities for political contestation and alternative opinion formation. A permanent feature of democratic politics, this problem becomes most salient during moments of constitutional re-founding, such as regime change, post-conflict reconstruction or constitutional referenda, when representative claims can reconfigure a community’s political imaginary, rendering it more or less ignorant. The representative claims made by the Vote Leave’s key figures during the Brexit referendum campaign serve as illustration.
Comparing Routine HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Screening to Estimate the Effect of Required Consent on HIV Screening Rates Among Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Felsen Uriel R. , Tlamsa Aileen , Moir Lorlette , Shukla Shuchin , Thompson Devin , Weiss Jeffrey M. , Heo Moonseong , Litwin Alain H.
Published: March 2021

Objectives:

Routine screening for HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among specified age cohorts is recommended. New York State requires consent before screening for HIV but not HCV. We sought to estimate the effect of the consent requirement on screening rates for HIV.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective study of patients hospitalized in 2015-2016 at a tertiary care hospital in the Bronx, New York, during a period when prompts in the electronic health record facilitated screening for HIV and HCV among specified age cohorts. We compared proportions of patients eligible for screening for HIV and/or HCV who underwent screening and used generalized estimating equations and a meta-analytic weighted average to estimate an adjusted risk difference between undergoing HIV screening and undergoing HCV screening.

Results:

Among 11 938 hospitalized patients eligible for HIV and/or HCV screening, 38.5% underwent screening for HIV and 59.1% underwent screening for HCV. The difference in screening rates persisted after adjusting for patient and admission characteristics (adjusted risk difference = 22.0%; 95% CI, 20.6%-23.4%).

Conclusions:

Whereas the requirement for consent was the only difference in the processes of screening for HIV compared with screening for HCV, differences in how the 2 viruses are perceived may also have contributed to the difference in screening rates. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that requiring consent continues to impede progress toward the public health goal of routine HIV screening.
A minister prepares: liturgical performance and Stanislavski’s method of acting
Authors: McLean Tom
Published: March 2021

This article introduces some of the key concepts of the method approach to acting developed by Constantin Stanislavski, and begins to explore their application to the liturgical minister.
The “Big Two” in Hiring Discrimination: Evidence From a Cross-National Field Experiment
Authors: Veit Susanne , Arnu Hannah , Di Stasio Valentina , Yemane Ruta , Coenders Marcel
Published: March 2021

We tested whether signaling warmth and competence (“Big Two”) in job applications increases hiring chances. Drawing on a field experimental data from five European countries, we analyzed the responses of employers ( N = 13,162) to applications from fictitious candidates of different origin: native candidates and candidates of European, Asian, or Middle-Eastern/African descent. We found that competence signals slightly increased invitation rates, while warmth signals had no effect. We also found ethnic discrimination, a female premium, and differences in callbacks depending on job characteristics. Importantly, however, providing stereotype signals did not reduce the level of ethnic discrimination or the female premium. Likewise, we found little evidence for interactions between stereotype signals and job demands. While speaking against the importance of “Big Two” signals in application documents, our results highlight the importance of group membership and hopefully stimulate further research on the role of in particular ethnic stereotypes for discrimination in hiring.
Disparities in Adolescent Dating Violence and Associated Internalizing and Externalizing Mental Health Symptoms by Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Sexual Orientation
Authors: Fix Rebecca L. , Nava Nancy , Rodriguez Rebecca
Published: March 2021

The current study examined the prevalence and mental health associated with physical and sexual dating violence among adolescents using an intersectional analysis. Data were obtained from 88,219 adolescents in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey. Gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and experiences with teen dating violence were measured for each youth. Tested two- and three-way interactions demonstrate varied outcomes by social identification and emphasize the need for an intersectional approach in dating violence research. Adolescent dating violence was most prevalent among girls (10% physical, 13% sexual); adolescents were racially identified as Native North American (13% physical, 10% sexual), Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (12% physical, 14% sexual), or multiracial (11% physical, 12% sexual), and lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning their sexual orientation (LGBQ) adolescents (19% physical, 20% sexual). The intersectional groups with the highest rates of physical and sexual dating violence included Latinx GBQ boys (26% physical, 26% sexual) and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander GBQ boys (29% physical, 32% sexual). Among girls, highest rates were observed among Hawaiian/Pacific Islander LBQ (24% physical, 23% sexual). Externalizing symptoms associated with physical dating violence were most robust for risky sexual behavior (OR = 4.0), followed by physical fighting (OR = 3.0), and weapon carrying (OR = 2.5); they were also associated with sexual dating violence (ORs = 1.9-2.2). Internalizing symptoms were comparably associated with both types of dating violence (ORs = 2.6-2.9 physical and ORs = 2.4-2.8 sexual). Findings suggest first that an intersectional approach is especially informative in teen dating violence prevention and intervention and second that teen dating violence interventions and prevention programming should use a trauma-informed, gender-responsive, culturally sensitive, and LGBQ inclusive approach.
Evidence on the Non-linear Effect of Large Ownership on the Enterprise Value of Indian Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Pandey Krishna Dayal , Sahu Tarak Nath , Manna Apu
Published: March 2021

The study advances the existing literature on corporate finance and governance by establishing a non-linear effect of large ownership on the enterprise value of Indian manufacturing firms. The study employs both static and dynamic panel models on a set of panel data consisting of 112 Indian manufacturing firms. The study establishes a U-shaped relationship between large ownership and enterprise value of the sampled firms. Large promoters until 34% of ownership are found to exert a negative effect on enterprise value which signifies expropriation effect along with poor alignment of interest with the firms. However, for ownership concentration by promoters after the said threshold, the effect is found to be positive signifying improved alignment of interests, efficient monitoring and disciplining of managerial opportunistic behaviour. Based on the findings, the study suggests the Indian manufacturing firms not to entirely rely on the role of large owners and to opt for improved external regulatory and institutional establishment for the protection of minority shareholders’ interest and ensuring stringent corporate governance.
A comprehensive evaluation method for concrete dam health state combined with gray-analytic hierarchy-optimization theory
Authors: Gu Hao , Yang Meng , Gu Chongshi , Fang Zheng , Huang Xiaofei
Published: March 2021

Concrete dam health state has been taken seriously in the field of structural health monitoring. A limitation in the current research is a lack of clear physical significance and reasonable interval division for better reflecting the development trend of the health state. This article introduces a comprehensive evaluation method that provides information on the fusion of different monitoring types and influences of degree weight. The analysis method of variation tendency for concrete dam soundness is proposed based on gray theory. According to the principle of analytic hierarchy process, this article introduces an optimization division method of evaluation grade interval for concrete dam health state. Based on this, a method based on multiple monitoring quantities is established through studies of determination methods for monitoring various quantities of weight, which aimed at evaluating concrete dam health state and solving the problem of comprehensive evaluation for concrete dam health in an effective manner. An existing concrete dam is presented and discussed to serve as the validation of the established theory.
Promising medium-term results of anterior approach with an anatomical short stem in primary hip arthroplasty
Authors: Rivera Fabrizio , Bardelli Alessandro , Giolitti Andrea
Published: March 2021

Background

In the last decade, the increase in the use of the direct anterior approach to the hip has contributed to the diffusion of the use of short stems in orthopedic surgery. The aim of the study is to verify the medium-term clinical and radiographic results of a cementless anatomic short stem in the anterior approach to the hip. We also want to verify whether the use of the standard operating room table or the leg positioner can affect the incidence of pre- and postoperative complications.

Materials and methods

All total hip arthroplasty patients with a 1-year minimum follow-up who were operated using the MiniMAX stem between January 2010 and December 2019 were included in this study. Clinical evaluation included the Harris Hip Score (HHS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Hip Outcome Assessment (WOMAC) Score, and Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires. Bone resorption and remodeling, radiolucency, osteolysis, and cortical hypertrophy were analyzed in the postoperative radiograph and were related to the final follow-up radiographic results. Complications due to the use of the standard operating room table or the leg positioner were evaluated.

Results

A total of 227 patients (238 hips) were included in the study. Average age at time of surgery was 62 years (range 38–77 years). Mean follow-up time was 67.7 months (range 12–120 months). Kaplan–Meier survivorship analysis after 10 years revealed 98.2% survival rate with revision for loosening as endpoint. The mean preoperative and postoperative HHS were 38.35 and 94.2, respectively. The mean preoperative and postoperative WOMAC Scores were 82.4 and 16.8, respectively. SF-36 physical and mental scores averaged 36.8 and 42.4, respectively, before surgery and 72.4 and 76.2, respectively, at final follow-up. The radiographic change around the stem showed bone hypertrophy in 55 cases (23%) at zone 3. In total, 183 surgeries were performed via the direct anterior approach (DAA) on a standard operating room table, and 44 surgeries were performed on the AMIS mobile leg positioner. Comparison between the two patient groups did not reveal significant differences.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a short, anatomic, cementless femoral stem provided stable metaphyseal fixation in younger patients. Our clinical and radiographic results support the use of this short stem in the direct anterior approach.

Level of evidence

IV.
Genome-wide association studies of plant architecture-related traits and 100-seed weight in soybean landraces
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Ding Wentao , Xue Dong , Li Xiangnan , Zhou Yang , Shen Jiacheng , Feng Jianying , Guo Na , Qiu Lijuan , Xing Han , Zhao Jinming
Published: March 2021

Background

Plant architecture-related traits (e.g., plant height (PH), number of nodes on main stem (NN), branch number (BN) and stem diameter (DI)) and 100-seed weight (100-SW) are important agronomic traits and are closely related to soybean yield. However, the genetic basis and breeding potential of these important agronomic traits remain largely ambiguous in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.).

Results

In this study, we collected 133 soybean landraces from China, phenotyped them in two years at two locations for the above five traits and conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 82,187 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). As a result, we found that a total of 59 SNPs were repeatedly detected in at least two environments. There were 12, 12, 4, 4 and 27 SNPs associated with PH, NN, BN, DI and 100-SW, respectively. Among these markers, seven SNPs (AX-90380587, AX-90406013, AX-90387160, AX-90317160, AX-90449770, AX-90460927 and AX-90520043) were large-effect markers for PH, NN, BN, DI and 100-SW, and 15 potential candidate genes were predicted to be in linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay distance or LD block. In addition, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed on four 100-SW potential candidate genes, three of them showed significantly different expression levels between the extreme materials at the seed development stage. Therefore, Glyma.05 g127900, Glyma.05 g128000 and Glyma.05 g129000 were considered as candidate genes with 100-SW in soybean.

Conclusions

These findings shed light on the genetic basis of plant architecture-related traits and 100-SW in soybean, and candidate genes could be used for further positional cloning.
Exploring rehabilitation potential in older people living with frailty: a qualitative focus group study
Authors: Cowley A. , Goldberg S. E. , Gordon A. L. , Kerr M. , Logan P.
Published: March 2021

Background

Rehabilitation interventions are frequently cited as key in supporting frail older people’s recovery following periods of decompensation and acute ill-health. Clinicians are required to make decisions about a patient’s potential to respond to rehabilitation. ‘Rehabilitation potential’ decisions can determine access to services. In acute settings clinicians have limited time to assess and work with patients, families and carers. The complexities of ageing, recovery, rehabilitation and frailty may not be fully appreciated. This study aimed to explore multiple perspectives of the concept of rehabilitation potential and how it is assessed in older people living with frailty in the acute healthcare setting.

Methods

Five focus groups with a purposive sample of 28 participants which included clinicians and members of the public were conducted. Analysis comprised a thematic approach using the Framework method.

Results

Rehabilitation potential was found to encapsulate a complex decision-making process where clinicians judged an individual’s ability to benefit from and participate in targeted rehabilitation. They asked, “Will it work?”, “Is it wanted?” and “Is it available?” In order to predict who would benefit from rehabilitation interventions, clinicians assessed a range of holistic clinical and non-clinical factors. An iterative approach to assessment delivered by a multi-disciplinary team, centred around patient and carer needs and wants was needed to accommodate complexity. Participants believed that everyone had some form of potential but this was dependent on availability of rehabilitation resources and conceptualisations of frailty and rehabilitation. Tensions between iterative approaches to rehabilitation potential assessment and the realities of rapid decision making in the acute hospital setting were found.

Conclusion

Rehabilitation potential decisions involve a complex process of multidisciplinary decision-making and prognostication on the likely outcome and benefit from rehabilitation programmes. These findings lay the foundation for developing structured approaches to rehabilitation potential decision making tools and guidance.
Prognostic significance of PD-L1-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts in patients with triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Yoshikawa Katsuhiro , Ishida Mitsuaki , Yanai Hirotsugu , Tsuta Koji , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Sugie Tomoharu
Published: March 2021

Background

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are some of the most abundant components of the tumour microenvironment. A recent study suggested that in some cancers, CAFs express programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which can act as a prognostic marker. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of CAF PD-L1 expression in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and to identify the most suitable primary antibody for immunostaining for CAF PD-L1.

Methods

Immunohistochemical staining (primary antibodies of 73–10, SP142, and E1L3N) and tissue microarrays were used to analyse the expression profiles of PD-L1 in CAF in 61 patients with TNBC who underwent surgery. Overall survival (OS) was compared based on CAF PD-L1 expression, and the risk factors for OS were analysed. The relationship between clinicopathological parameters and survival was also examined.

Results

Thirty-four (55.7%) patients were positive for CAF PD-L1 (73–10) expression. Compared with CAF PD-L1 negativity, there was a significant correlation between CAF PD-L1 positivity and better OS (p = 0.029). CAF PD-L1 expression, evaluated using SP-142 or E1L3N, did not correlate with OS. CAF PD-L1-positivity (73–10) correlated significantly with better prognosis in multivariate analyses (hazard ratio: 0.198; 95% confidence interval: 0.044–0.891; p = 0.035).

Conclusions

CAF PD-L1 expression is a novel marker for a better prognosis of patients with TNBC, and the 73–10 assay may be suitable for immunostaining CAF PD-L1.
Needle Adjustment Free (NAF) running suture technique (PAN suture) in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
Authors: Pan Jun-wei , Zhang Xiang , Jin Xing-wei , Liu Xiao , Tu Wei-chao , Wang Xian-jin , Huang Bao-xing , Xu Da , Lu Guo-liang , Wang Da-wei , Wang Xiang-hui , Shao Yuan
Published: March 2021

Background

It is proposed a new running suture technique called Needle Adjustment Free (NAF) technique, or PAN suture. The efficiency and the safety were evaluated in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

Methods

This new running suture technique avoids the Needle Adjustment method used in traditional techniques. The new continuous suture technique (11 patients) was compared with the traditional continuous suture method (33 patients) used in both transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) in terms of suture time (ST), warm ischemia time (WIT), blood loss (BL), open conversion rate and post-op discharge time, post-op bleeding, post-op DVT, ΔGFR (affected side, 3 months post-op). Differences were considered significant when P < 0.05.

Results

ST in the PAN suture group was 30.37 ± 16.39 min, which was significant shorter (P = 0.0011) than in the traditional technique group which was 13.68 ± 3.33 min. WIT in the traditional technique group was 28.73 ± 7.89 min, while in the PAN suture group was 20.64 ± 5.04 min, P = 0.0028. The BL in entirety in the traditional technique group was 141.56 ± 155.23 mL, and in the PAN suture group was 43.18 ± 31.17 mL (P = 0.0017). BL in patients without massive bleeding in the traditional technique group was significantly greater than in the PAN suture group at 101.03 ± 68.73 mL versus 43.18 ± 31.17 mL (P = 0.0008). The open conversion rate was 0 % in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in postoperative discharge time, post-op bleeding, post-op DVT, ΔGFR (affected side, 3 months post-op).

Conclusions

The NAF running suture technique, or PAN suture, leading to less ST, WIT and BL, which was shown to be more effective and safer than the traditional technique used for LPN. A further expanded research with larger sample size is needed.