bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of strongly correlated quantum systems from an extended Singwi‐Tosi‐Land‐Sjölander closure for the BBGKY hierarchy
Authors: Kählert Hanno
Published: April 2024

The BBGKY hierarchy in the Wigner representation is used with an extended Singwi‐Tosi‐Land‐Sjölander (STLS) ansatz for the two‐particle distribution function [H. Kählert, G. J. Kalman, and M. Bonitz, Phys. Rev. E 90, 011101 (2014)] to study the density response function and the dispersion relation of collective modes in a strongly coupled quantum system. It is shown that the local field correction (LFC) and the dispersion relation reduce to the results of the Quasi‐Localized Charge Approximation (QLCA) in the classical limit. In the quantum case, the LFC acquires a frequency‐dependence, similar to the quantum version of the STLS theory. The dispersion relation is governed by a generalization of the QLCA dynamical matrix. The results are expected to be relevant for the analysis of collective modes in quantum liquids with strong correlations.
A novel hybrid beachgrass is invading U.S. Pacific Northwest dunes with potential ecosystem consequences
Authors: Askerooth Risa , Mostow Rebecca S. , Ruggiero Peter , Barreto Felipe , Hacker Sally D.
Published: April 2024

Invasive plants formed via hybridization, especially those that modify the structure and function of their ecosystems, are of particular concern given the potential for hybrid vigor. In the U.S. Pacific Northwest, two invasive, dune‐building beachgrasses, Ammophila arenaria (European beachgrass) and A. breviligulata (American beachgrass), have hybridized and formed a new beachgrass taxa (Ammophila arenaria × A. breviligulata), but little is known about its distribution, spread, and ecological consequences. Here, we report on surveys of the hybrid beachgrass conducted across a 250‐km range from Moclips, Washington to Pacific City, Oregon, in 2021 and 2022. We detected nearly 300 hybrid individuals, or an average of 8–14 hybrid individuals per km of surveyed foredune. The hybrid was more common at sites within southern Washington and northern Oregon where A. breviligulata is abundant (75%–90% cover) and A. arenaria is sparse and patchy. The hybrid displayed morphological traits such as shoot density and height that typically exceeded its parent species suggesting hybrid vigor. We measured an average growth rate of 30% over one year, with individuals growing faster at the leading edge of the foredune, nearest to the beach. We also found a positive relationship between hybrid abundance and A. arenaria abundance, suggesting that A. arenaria density may be a controlling factor for hybridization rate. The hybrid showed similar sand deposition and associated plant species richness patterns compared with its parent species, although longer term studies are needed. Finally, we found hybrid individuals within and near conservation habitat of two Endangered Species Act‐listed, threatened bird species, the western snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) and the streaked horned lark (Eremophila alpestris strigata), a concern for conservation management. Documenting this emerging hybrid beachgrass provides insights into how hybridization affects the spread of novel species and the consequences for communities in which they invade.
Structured testing of genetic association with mixed clinical outcomes
Authors: Liu Meiling , Su Yu‐Ru , Liu Yang , Hsu Li , He Qianchuan
Published: April 2024

Genetic factors play a fundamental role in disease development. Studying the genetic association with clinical outcomes is critical for understanding disease biology and devising novel treatment targets. However, the frequencies of genetic variations are often low, making it difficult to examine the variants one‐by‐one. Moreover, the clinical outcomes are complex, including patients' survival time and other binary or continuous outcomes such as recurrences and lymph node count, and how to effectively analyze genetic association with these outcomes remains unclear. In this article, we proposed a structured test statistic for testing genetic association with mixed types of survival, binary, and continuous outcomes. The structured testing incorporates known biological information of variants while allowing for their heterogeneous effects and is a powerful strategy for analyzing infrequent genetic factors. Simulation studies show that the proposed test statistic has correct type I error and is highly effective in detecting significant genetic variants. We applied our approach to a uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma study and identified several genetic pathways associated with the clinical outcomes.
Hierarchical joint analysis of marginal summary statistics—Part I: Multipopulation fine mapping and credible set construction
Authors: Shen Jiayi , Jiang Lai , Wang Kan , Wang Anqi , Chen Fei , Newcombe Paul J. , Haiman Christopher A. , Conti David V.
Published: April 2024

Recent advancement in genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) comes from not only increasingly larger sample sizes but also the shift in focus towards underrepresented populations. Multipopulation GWAS increase power to detect novel risk variants and improve fine‐mapping resolution by leveraging evidence and differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) from diverse populations. Here, we expand upon our previous approach for single‐population fine‐mapping through Joint Analysis of Marginal SNP Effects (JAM) to a multipopulation analysis (mJAM). Under the assumption that true causal variants are common across studies, we implement a hierarchical model framework that conditions on multiple SNPs while explicitly incorporating the different LD structures across populations. The mJAM framework can be used to first select index variants using the mJAM likelihood with different feature selection approaches. In addition, we present a novel approach leveraging the ideas of mediation to construct credible sets for these index variants. Construction of such credible sets can be performed given any existing index variants. We illustrate the implementation of the mJAM likelihood through two implementations: mJAM‐SuSiE (a Bayesian approach) and mJAM‐Forward selection. Through simulation studies based on realistic effect sizes and levels of LD, we demonstrated that mJAM performs well for constructing concise credible sets that include the underlying causal variants. In real data examples taken from the most recent multipopulation prostate cancer GWAS, we showed several practical advantages of mJAM over other existing multipopulation methods.
Shorter telomere length increases the risk of lymphocyte immunodeficiency: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Bo , Xiong Yongqiang , Li Ren , Zhang Jiewen , Zhang Shu
Published: April 2024

Background

For a long time, the prevailing viewpoint suggests that shorter telomere contribute to chromosomal instability, which is a shared characteristic of both aging and cancer. The newest research presented that T cell immune deficiency rather than chromosome instability predisposes patients with short telomere syndromes to some cancers. However, the relationship between genetically determined telomere length (TL) and immune cells remains unclear.

Methods

The two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to elucidate the potential causal relationship. The genetic data of TL and immune cells were obtained from the Genome‐Wide Association Study. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used to estimate the effects primarily and another four methods were as a supplement. Sensitivity analysis was used to test the results.

Results

The IVW method showed a significant correlation between TL and the percentage of T cells in lymphocytes (odds ratio [OR]: 1.222, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.014–1.472, p = .035), indicating that shorter TL significantly increases the risk of low T cell percentage. Further analysis of T cell subsets indicated that shorter TL may primarily lead to a lower percentage of Natural Killer T cells (OR: 1.574, 95% CI: 1.281–1.935, p < .001). Analysis of B cell subsets revealed that shorter TL may be associated with a higher percentage of Naive‐mature B cells, and a lower percentage of Memory B cells. And the sensitivity analysis indicated the validity and robustness of our findings.

Conclusion

In summary, our findings suggest that shorter TL may be associated with a decline in the percentage of T cell, as well as impediments in the differentiation of B cell, consequently leading to the onset of immunosenescence and immunodeficiency. The relevant mechanisms and potential therapeutic avenues still need further investigation.
Systems Engineering and the Pursuit of Elegance: A Transdisciplinary Approach to Complex Problems
Authors: Pennotti Michael , Brook Peter , Rousseau David
Published: April 2024

In an increasingly complex landscape of advanced technologies, the question of how systems engineering can retain its relevance is more pertinent than ever. Originating with a pragmatic focus on achieving technical objectives, systems engineering has shifted towards process and methodology. We argue, however, that it's time for this discipline to return to its roots and embrace its nature as a transdiscipline. Transdisciplinarity is not just a characteristic of systems engineering; it's necessary for devising elegant solutions to today's complex challenges. In this article, we present a comprehensive framework around the nature of systems engineering, detailing its principles, methods, and purposes. This framework demonstrates how systems engineering is linked to numerous disciplines and social institutions, showcasing its multifaceted impact. By understanding and using this framework as a lens on the discipline, we can foster a common recognition of systems engineering's value, ensuring its continued significance in a rapidly evolving world.
The Spectrum and Evolution of Systems Engineering's Guiding Propositions
Authors: Rousseau David , Pennotti Michael , Brook Peter
Published: April 2024

Systems engineering has numerous guiding propositions scattered across various publications and classified under different schema, leading to confusion and inconsistency. This paper presents a framework for understanding the origin and evolution of any guiding proposition and developing such a guiding proposition into a principle to meet the challenges of Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0. We argue that following this process will enhance the elegance and transdisciplinary value of systems engineering principles and aid in solving complex problems.
Immune profiling of responses to influenza vaccination in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Bachanová Petra , How Joan , Dzeng Richard , Mukherjee Sonia , Pavlovic Maia , Lombardi Jennifer , Hobbs Gabriela , Reeves Patrick M.
Published: April 2024

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are associated with immune dysregulation and increased susceptibility to infection, emphasizing the importance of vaccination for patients. This pilot study evaluated immune responses to influenza vaccination in MPN patients compared with healthy donors using mass cytometry and serology. We observed diminished CXCR5+ B‐cell, CXCR3+ T‐cell, activated CD127+ memory T‐cell subsets, and a trend toward lower hemagglutinin inhibition titer in MPN patients. These results indicate that patients with MPN exhibit distinct responses to influenza vaccination suggestive of impaired migration to lymphoid organs and T‐cell maturation which may impact the development of protective immunity.
Simultaneous quantitation of 15 bioactive components in Yupingfeng granules by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Huang Le‐yi , Chen Dao‐feng , Wu Tong , Gao Yong‐jian
Published: April 2024

Yupingfeng granules (YPFG) is commonly used in the treatment of immunological diseases, inflammations, and pulmonary diseases. Several studies have found that chromones, flavones, and saponins were the major bioactive compounds of YPFG. However, few studies have reported accurate quantification methods of these compounds. This study aimed to establish a simple and rapid method by using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to determine 15 bioactive compounds in YPFG. The experimental parameters including extraction methods, extraction solvents, extraction time, solid–liquid ratio, and LC–MS/MS condition were optimized. The linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery of the established method were evaluated. The contents of 15 bioactive compounds in seven batches of YPFG samples were analyzed by the established method and the results were compared with the values determined by HPLC. The optimal extraction condition was to extract 0.1 g of YPFG by ultrasound with 50 mL 50% ethanol for 30 min. A Waters ACQUITY UPLCBEH C18 column using the 0.1% formic acid water solution and acetonitrile as mobile phase with a gradient elution was applied to the chromatographic separation. The linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery of the method were within acceptable ranges. Compared with HPLC analysis methods in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and literature, the established method was faster, simpler, more accurate, and more reliable. The method of simultaneous determination of 15 components in YPFG by LC–MS might provide a basis for the study of the bioactive compounds and the improvement of the quality standard of YPFG.
Patient perspective on exercise practices, preferences, and barriers in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A multicenter survey
Authors: Yu Elizabeth L. , You Hyeri , Rudolph Bryan , Panganiban Jennifer A. , Kohut Taisa J. , Lin Henry C. , Fifi Amanda C. , Budhathoki Rasmita , Butler Megan W. , Anderson Sabina R. , Goyal Nidhi P. , Newton Kimberly P. , Schwimmer Jeffrey B.
Published: April 2024

Background/Aims

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent among children, and lifestyle modification is the primary treatment approach. However, the optimal exercise duration, frequency, and intensity for managing NAFLD remain undefined. This study aimed to gain insights from the patient perspective by examining exercise behaviors, preferences, and barriers in children with NAFLD.

Methods

A multicenter survey was conducted among children 8–18 years with NAFLD in pediatric gastroenterology clinics. Participants completed a questionnaire on exercise practices, preferences, and barriers, while parents completed a questionnaire on their willingness and ability to support their child's exercise. Data were analyzed using χ2 test with Yates' correction and two‐sample t test.

Results

The study included 408 children with NAFLD, with a mean age of 13.8 years. Approximately 52.5% of participants had physical education classes at school, while 59.5% engaged in extracurricular exercise, averaging 3.7 days per week. However, 11.5% reported no physical activity. A significant majority (81.1%) expressed interest in increasing their exercise levels, primarily driven by health‐related factors. Time‐related constraints were the most cited barriers to exercise (53.7%). Approximately 80% of parents demonstrated willingness and ability to support their child's exercise regimen.

Conclusion

This study provides insights into exercise behaviors, preferences, and barriers among children with NAFLD. Half of the children lacked exercise opportunities at school but expressed interest in increasing their physical activity. Time limitation was the major obstacle cited. Parents are motivated to support increased physical activity. Exercise intervention programs for NAFLD should consider the perspective of the children and their families.
Human resource practices, organizational commitment, and knowledge‐sharing intention: An empirical evidence from a cultural perspective
Authors: Rubaca Ume , Munir Malik Mamoon , Munir Malik Haroon , Munir Bakhtawar
Published: April 2024

The study investigated the impact of high‐involvement work systems (HIWS) on knowledge‐sharing intention (KSI) through the mediation of organizational commitment (OC) and the moderation of workplace allocentrism, particularly in the manufacturing units of small and medium enterprises operating in Pakistan. Data collection involved 328 workers, utilizing self‐administered structured questionnaires translated into Urdu to ensure understanding and inclusivity. SmartPLS software was used to analyze data using the structural equation modeling technique for the examination of complex relationships between multiple variables simultaneously. The findings suggest that the association between HIWS and KSI strengthens among the individuals high in workplace allocentrism and that cultural factors play a significant role in shaping how employees respond to HIWS and engage in knowledge‐sharing behaviors. The study highlights the importance of considering cultural factors in organizational practices and strategies, thus providing novel insights for entrepreneurs to enhance the performance, innovation, and competitiveness of their enterprises through a knowledge‐sharing culture. Overall, study offers valuable contributions to both academia and practice by shedding light on the intricate relationships between HIWS, KSI, OC, and workplace allocentrism.
Effects of external corrosion defect growth on wall pipeline under internal pressure and various defect sizes with mechano‐electrochemical interaction
Authors: Zhang Wei , Fu Xiaoqian , Hu Minglei , Xu Ke , Dai Kunjie , Shi Jingkun , Ji Yucheng , Dong Chaofang
Published: April 2024

The assessment of the impact of corrosion defects on the integrity and safe operation of through‐wall pipelines is critical. In this work, a finite element‐based model was developed to study the mechano‐electrochemical (M‐E) effects of external corrosion defects on 10CrMoAl steel pipelines. The effects of parameters such as defect sizes and internal pressures on pipeline conditions are also studied. The results show that increased corrosion depth leads to stress concentration at the center of the defect. The increase in internal pressure causes local plastic deformation and anodic current density concentration at the inner edge of the defect and in the adjacent areas of the defect. M‐E interaction causes the growth of corrosion defects significantly at higher internal pressures. The corrosion defects increase with time. As the pressure increases, the failure pressure of the pipeline gradually decreases. The influence of defect depth on the corrosion rate at the defect is greater than that of defect width. With increasing in internal pressure and corrosion defect size, it will lead to more severe plastic deformation, resulting in accelerated corrosion.
Unraveling the influence of health protocol implementation for different clusters on COVID‐19 transmission in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Anggriani Nursanti , Rahmi Emli , Panigoro Hasan S. , Inayaturohmat Fatuh , Surya Pangestu Dhika , Tansah Tresna Sanubari
Published: April 2024

This article formulates and analyzes the COVID‐19 transmission model on West Java by considering the health protocol implementation level on three different clusters. The transmission possibilities are classified into three clusters based on the society's daily activities, including (1) retailing, (2) transit, and (3) recreation. The model was constructed by dividing the population into seven compartments, namely, susceptible
; susceptible in Clusters 1–3 (
,
, and
); infected
; quarantined
; and recovered
sub‐populations. To confirm the biological validity of the model, the existence, uniqueness, non‐negativity, and boundedness of the solution are investigated. The dynamical behaviors are studied analytically by applying linearization for local stability and the Lyapunov function along with the LaSalle's invariant principle for global stability. Some numerical processes are demonstrated to investigate the most global sensitivity of parameters, parameter estimation, fitting data, and the impact of health protocol implementation on the density of each population.
Learning with privileged knowledge of multiple kernels via joint prediction for CT Kernel conversion
Authors: Hu Chudi , Chen Gang
Published: April 2024

Background

Most existing models for CT kernel conversion take images reconstructed with a single predetermined source kernel as input and convert them to images that are reconstructed with a target kernel. However, these models can achieve even better performance if they leverage complementary information obtained from images reconstructed with multiple different kernels. In many clinical practice scenarios, only images with one kernel can be acquired.

Purpose

We propose a privileged knowledge learning framework that learns privileged knowledge of other source kernels available only in the training data (called privileged information) to guide the conversion from a specific single source kernel to the target kernel, via a joint prediction (JP) task.

Methods

We construct an ensemble of kernel‐specific (KS) tasks where a KS network (KSNet) takes images reconstructed with a specific source kernel as input and converts them to images reconstructed with the target kernel. Then, a JP task is designed to provide extra regularization, which helps each KSNet learn more informative feature representations for kernel conversion, such as detail and structure representations. Meanwhile, we use a cross‐shaped window‐based attention mechanism in the JP task to highlight the most relevant features to strengthen privileged knowledge learning, thereby alleviating the problems of redundant noise unrelated to images reconstructed with target kernel and inconsistent features that arise from images reconstructed with different kernels. All KSNets can be trained collaboratively by using a JP task to improve the performance of each individual KSNet.

Results

We extensively evaluate our method on a clinical dataset with scanners from three manufacturers, that is, Siemens, GE and Philips. The experimental results demonstrate that our privileged knowledge learning framework is effective in improving CT kernel conversion.

Conclusions

Through both quantitative and qualitative research, our privileged knowledge learning framework improves the kernel conversion results, thereby contributing to the improvement of diagnostic accuracy and the advancement of comparative research in quantitative measurements.
Effect of temperature on flexural and interlaminar shear strength properties of carbon‐epoxy composites: Experiment and modeling
Authors: Nema Aditya , Mallineni Chandrababu N. , Penumakala Pavan Kumar , Adusumalli Ramesh , K Tejasvi , Buragohain Manoj Kumar
Published: April 2024

Carbon fiber composites are known for excellent specific mechanical properties at room temperature. It is important to model the effect of temperature on flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). In this study, T700 carbon fiber composites with two different epoxy resins (Epofine, LY556) were prepared using filament winding and named as TE and TL composites. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests revealed Tg of 177 and 192°C for TE and TL composites, respectively. Three‐point bending (flexural) and short‐beam shear (ILSS) tests were performed at −20, 0, RT, 90, 105, 150, 170, and 200°C. It was observed that flexural strength and ILSS decreases linearly with increase in temperature. Fracture analysis of flexural samples revealed fiber breakage at −20°C and micro‐buckling at elevated temperature are dominant failure mechanisms. Fracture analysis of ILSS samples showed delamination with microcracking at −20°C and plastic deformation of matrix at elevated temperature. A new empirical model was proposed to predict the temperature dependent flexural strength and ILSS. With this model, variation of flexure strength and ILSS with temperature can be estimated from respective values at RT, Tg and storage modulus values from DMA, thus extensive experimentation at high temperatures can be avoided.

Highlights

Mechanical properties of filament wound composites are tested from −20 to 200°C.

Flexural strength and ILSS linearly decreases with increase in temperature.

Fiber breakage at −20°C and micro bucking at 200°C are dominant in flexure.

Delamination at −20°C and plastic deformation at 200°C are dominant in ILSS.

Analytical model for finding temperature dependent flexural strength and ILSS.
Strengthening and self‐healing of natural fiber composites via PLA core–shell nanofibers as healing agent carrier
Authors: Hassim Mohamad Tarmizie , Prabhakar M. N. , Song Jung‐il
Published: April 2024

The resin‐rich region between the fiber laminates of a fiber‐reinforced composite is susceptible to matrix damage impeding the composite's integrity. Hence, this study intends to interlayer core–shell poly(lactic) acid (PLA) nanofibers between the flax fibers as a preventive and reactive mechanism to matrix damages in the resin‐rich area. The nanofibers prevent premature damage by suppressing or mitigating crack propagation and in the event of damage to the nanofibers, it reacts by releasing the encapsulated healing agent. Upon interlayering the flax fiber laminates with self‐healing core–shell nanofibers, the flexural modulus exhibited an increment of 31% whereas the short beam strength improved by 19%. Self‐healing traits of the composites were assessed by subjecting the composites to repeated flexural or short beam strength tests for several load cycles. Upon initial damage to the composites, the composites exhibited a full retention and improvement in mechanical properties. The self‐healing composites were also able to withstand more loading cycles than the conventional composite under repeated short‐beam strength tests. Under both configurations, the damaged self‐healing composites exhibited a residual strength greater than or equivalent to the ultimate strength of a pristine flax fiber composite.

Highlights

Fabrication of EP/flax self‐healing composites by PLA core–shell nanofibers.

Interlayering healing nanofiber mats between flax fabrics in an FRP composite.

Nanofiber interlayers exhibited a profound impact on the composite properties.

Nano mats facilitate autonomous repair of internal defects within matrices.

The self‐healing composites showed full retention and mechanical strength.
Predicting weight gain in patients with cystic fibrosis on triple combination modulator
Authors: Stewart Kelly L. , Szczesniak Rhonda , Liou Theodore G.
Published: April 2024

Background

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations producing dysfunctional CFTR proteins leading to progressive clinical disease. Elexacaftor‐tezacaftor‐ivacaftor (ETI) remarkably improves lung disease but is associated with substantial weight gain.

Study Design and Methods

We performed a single‐center longitudinal study predicting 6‐month weight gain after ETI initiation. We used linear mixed effects modeling (LME) to determine association of ETI treatment with changing body mass index (BMI). Using linear regression, we examined BMI prediction models with distinct combinations of main effects to identify a model useful for patient counseling. We used up to eight commonly observed clinical characteristics as input variables (age, sex, percent predicted FEV1 [FEV1%], F508del homozygous state, pancreatic sufficiency, HgbA1c, prior modulator use and prior year number of pulmonary exacerbations).

Results

We evaluated 154 patients (19‐73 years old, 54% female, FEV1% = 19−121, 0−6 prior year pulmonary exacerbations). LME demonstrated an association between ETI use and weight increases. Exhaustive testing suggested a parsimonious linear regression model well‐fitted to data that is potentially useful for counseling. The two variable model shows that on average, BMI decreases by 0.045 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] = −0.069 to −0.021, p < 0.001) for every year of age and increases by 0.322 (CI = 0.142 to 0.502, p = 0.001) for each additional prior year exacerbation at the time of ETI initiation.

Interpretation

Young patients with many prior year pulmonary exacerbations likely have the largest 6 month weight gain after starting ETI.
Characterization of the fragmentation mechanisms in electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of chloroquinoline derivatives with larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti
Authors: da Silva Rodrigo Moreira , Barbieri Jéssica Guastalli , Murie Valter Eduardo , Silvério Maíra Rosato Silveira , Soldi Rafael Augusto , Albernaz Lorena Carneiro , Espindola Laila Salmen , Vieira Paulo Cézar , Clososki Giuliano Cesar , Vessecchi Ricardo , Lopes Norberto Peporine
Published: April 2024

Rationale

4,7‐Dichloroquinoline (DCQ) represents a group of synthetic molecules inspired by natural products with important roles in biological and biomedical areas. This work aimed to characterize DCQ and its derivatives by high‐resolution electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS), supported by theoretical calculations. Biological assays were carried out with DCQ and its derivatives to determine LC50 values against Aedes aegypti larvae.

Methods

Five DCQ derivatives were synthesized by using previously described protocols. ESI‐MS/MS analyses were carried out with a quadrupole/time‐of‐flight and ion‐trap instrument. The proposed gas‐phase protonation sites and fragmentation were supported by density functional theory calculations. The larvicidal tests were performed with the Ae. aegypti Rockefeller strain, and the LC50 values were determined by employing five test concentrations. Larval mortality was determined after treatment for 48 h.

Results

DCQ bromides or aldehydes (C‐3 or C‐8 positions), as well as the trimethylsilyl derivative (C‐3 position), were prepared. Detailed ESI‐MS/MS data revealed heteroatom elimination through an exception to the even‐electron rule, to originate open‐shell species. Computational studies were used to define the protonation sites and fragmentation pathways. High activity of DCQ and its derivatives against Ae. aegypti larvae was demonstrated.

Conclusion

Our results provided a well‐founded characterization of the fragmentation reactions of DCQ and its derivatives, which can be useful for complementary studies of the development of a larvicidal product against Ae. aegypti.
Simultaneous quantification of six proteins related to liver injury using nano liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Cai Siyu , Su Yuan , Shi Mengtian , Wang Dandan , Chen David Da Yong , Yan Binjun
Published: April 2024

Rationale

In clinical diagnosis of liver injury, which is an important health concern, serum aminotransferase assays have been the go‐to method used worldwide. However, the measurement of serum enzyme activity has limitations, including inadequate disease specificity and enzyme specificity.

Methods

With the high selectivity and specificity provided by nano liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), this work describes a method for the simultaneous determination of six proteins in liver that can be potentially used as biomarkers for liver injury: glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase 1 (GPT1), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 1 (GOT1), methionine adenosyl transferase 1A (MAT1A), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), cytokeratin 18 (KRT18) and apolipoprotein E (APOE).

Results

In validation, the method was shown to have good selectivity and sensitivity (limits of detection at pg/mL level). The analytical method revealed that, compared with normal mice, in carbon tetrachloride‐induced acute liver injury mice, liver MAT1A and GPX1 were significantly lower (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), KRT18 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and APOE and GPT1 were marginally significantly lower (p between 0.05 and 0.1). This is the first work reporting the absolute contents of GPT1, GOT1, MAT1A, GPX1 and KRT18 proteins based on LC/MS.

Conclusions

The proposed method provides a basis for establishing more specific diagnostic indicators of liver injury.
Acoustic tracking of moving marine targets using a single autonomous surface receiver
Authors: Git Ilan , Samina Matan , Givon Shachar , Segev Ronen , Kiflawi Moshe , Ben‐Shahar Ohad
Published: April 2024

While marine animal behavior is often studied in constrained lab setups, a more reliable exploration should be done in their natural environment and without human interference. This task becomes excessively more challenging when quantitative data are needed in large and unconstrained aquatic environments. Toward that end, researchers widely use acoustic positioning telemetry to remotely track their subjects, though this often requires an extensive network of receivers placed in the environment ahead of time. This study proposes a new tracking method that continuously tracks and reports the trajectory of a target in unconstrained marine environments using a single‐moving acoustic receiver. Instead of deploying an extensive array of static receivers, we use a single receiver mounted on an autonomous surface vehicle to obtain highly accurate results with much cheaper and simpler means. The receiver position and earlier target location estimations are used to calculate an optimal trajectory for the receiver, which in turn provides subsequent readings and target localizations based on a new variant of the Time Difference of Arrival approach. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods using both simulations and field experiments.
Dissociation Constant of Di‐ and Tri‐Basic Solvents Based on Piperazine and Its Derivatives for Post‐Combustion CO2 Capture
Authors: Darji Mehul , Manhas Anu , Dash Sukanta K. , Mukherjee Kalisadhan
Published: April 2024

Amine solvents remain popular in the industries for post combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. Dissociation constant of basic amine solvents plays significant role to influence the CO2 absorption. It is thus important to study the dissociation of new amine solvents for assessing their viability for CO2 capture. In the present work, potentiometric titration method is employed to determine the dissociation constants of dibasic (e. g., Piperazine (PZ), 1‐methyl piperazine (1‐MPZ) and tribasic amines (1‐(2‐aminoethyl‐piperazine) (AEPZ) which could be promising for formulating blended solvent system towards enhancing the rate of CO2 absorption. The estimated dissociation constants for the PZ and 1‐MPZ while match well with reported results, the dissociation constants for AEPZ has been determined newly here within the temperature range 298—318 K. In addition, the structural geometric parameters and Natural Bond Order (NBO) calculations of the amine solvents are performed based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). The NBO calculations predict charge distribution on the nitrogen and other elements, and envisage its effect on the pKa values of the amines. Further, potential energy surface (PES) scanning calculations are performed for AEPZ to explain it's ring inversion which is responsible for obtaining a single pKa value in experimental studies.
Synthesis of Group IIB and IVB Metal Complexes of 3‐Nitroaniline for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes
Authors: Zafar Ayesha , Mawat Talib H. , Atiyah Eman M. , Adnan Iqbal Muhammad , Majeed Adnan , Iram Ghazala , Qureshi Rizwana , Khalid Sabha
Published: April 2024

In the current research, new metal complexes have been synthesized by using the greener synthetic approach in which 3‐Nitroaniline reacts with the elements of group‐IIB and group‐IVB. According to this method, ligand and metals were dissolved in 1,4‐dioxane and stirred at room temperature for a specific time period. The method for the preparation of metal‐base complexes is quite simple and cost‐effective. To identify the synthesized compounds various physio‐chemical analytical techniques were used such as Melting point, FT‐Raman Spectroscopy, FT‐IR Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) that provide significant data about the general structural characteristics of synthesized compounds. The percentage degradation efficiency of synthetic dyes was obtained as 57 %, 66 %, and 97 % using the synthesized compounds as photocatalysts. A statistical tool, RSM was used for the optimization of parameters (Concentration of Dye, Dose of Catalyst, and contact time).
Anti‐Biofilm and Anti‐Virulence Potential of 2‐Amino‐1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Saravanan Kiruthika , Venugopal Sharulatha , Murugesan Rajeswari , Ramasamy Monica
Published: April 2024

Biofilms are microbial communities that facilitate the pathogenesis of life‐threatening microbial infections through the glazing of mucosal surfaces or implanted devices thus protecting them from medications and increasing mortality rates. To discover a new class of antibiofilm agents 2‐amino‐1,3,4 thiadiazoles hybridized with pharmacologically active heterocycles were designed and synthesized. The compounds were characterized by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. All the compounds were assessed for their anti‐biofilm and anti‐virulence activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Quinoline‐substituted thiadiazoles were found to possess potent anti‐biofilm activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The molecular docking analysis further confirms the antibiofilm potential of the compounds. Density functional theory studies were carried out to investigate the electronic and molecular properties of the most active hybrids.
CMOS‐Integrated Ternary Content Addressable Memory using Nanocavity CBRAMs for High Sensing Margin
Authors: Hyun Gihwan , Alimkhanuly Batyrbek , Seo Donguk , Lee Minwoo , Bae Junseong , Lee Seunghyun , Patil Shubham , Hwang Youngcheol , Kadyrov Arman , Yoo Hyungyu , Devnath Anupom , Lee Yoonmyung , Lee Seunghyun
Published: April 2024

The development of data‐intensive computing methods imposes a significant load on the hardware, requiring progress toward a memory‐centric paradigm. Within this context, ternary content‐addressable memory (TCAM) can become an essential platform for high‐speed in‐memory matching applications of large data vectors. Compared to traditional static random‐access memory (SRAM) designs, TCAM technology using non‐volatile resistive memories (RRAMs) in two‐transistor‐two‐resistor (2T2R) configurations presents a cost‐efficient alternative. However, the limited sensing margin between the match and mismatch states in RRAM structures hinders the potential of using memory‐based TCAMs for large‐scale architectures. Therefore, this study proposes a practical device engineering method to improve the switching response of conductive‐bridge memories (CBRAMs) integrated with existing complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) transistor technology. Importantly, this work demonstrates a significant improvement in memory window reaching 1.87 × 107 by incorporating nanocavity arrays and modifying electrode geometry. Consequently, TCAM cells using nanocavity‐enhanced CBRAM devices can exhibit a considerable increase in resistance ratio up to 6.17 × 105, thereby closely approximating the sensing metrics observed in SRAM‐based TCAMs. The improved sensing capability facilitates the parallel querying of extensive data sets. TCAM array simulations using experimentally verified device models indicate a substantial sensing margin of 65× enabling a parallel search of 2048 bits.
Effect of Calcium Content on Characteristics of Inclusions in an Al‐Killed Steel
Authors: Wang Weijian , Zhang Lifeng
Published: April 2024

Laboratory experiments are performed to study the effect of T.Ca content in the molten steel on the composition, size, and quantity of inclusions. Different amounts of SiCa alloys are added into the molten steel to obtain samples with varied T.Ca contents. Samples are taken at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after the calcium addition to study the transformation of inclusions with time. After the addition of calcium into the molten steel, the size of pure liquid inclusions is small which are more difficult to be removed from the molten steel than solid ones, while partially liquid inclusions are easily removed from the molten steel so that the total oxygen content of the molten steel is lower. The size of solid inclusions is large due to their large coagulation coefficient value. The number density and area fraction of liquid inclusions are larger than solid inclusions due to the higher adhesion work required for the removal of liquid inclusions. The corrosion of MgO crucible easily occurs by the dissolved calcium in the molten steel. Then, the reaction between the reduced magnesium and inclusions in the molten can occur, leading to the generation of MgO–Al2O3 and CaO–MgO–Al2O3 inclusions.
A prognostic model established using bile acid genes to predict the immunity and survival of patients with gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Wu Xin , Liu Peifa , Wang Qing , Sun Linde , Wang Yu
Published: April 2024

Background

The metabolism of abnormal bile acids (BAs) is implicated in the initiation and development of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. However, there was a lack of research on the molecular mechanisms of BAs metabolism in GI.

Methods

Genes involved in BAs metabolism were excavated from public databases of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). ConsensusClusterPlus was used to classify molecular subtypes for GI. To develop a RiskScore model for predicting GI prognosis, univariate Cox analysis was performed on the genes in protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, followed by using Lasso regression and stepwise regression to refine the model and to determine the key prognostic genes. Tumor immune microenvironment in GI patients from different risk groups was assessed using the ESTIMATE algorithm and enrichment analysis. Reverse transcription–quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR), Transwell assay, and wound healing assay were carried out to validate the expression and functions of the model genes.

Results

This study defined three molecular subtypes (C1, C2, and C3). Specifically, C1 had the best prognosis, while C3 had the worst prognosis with high immune checkpoint gene expression levels and TIDE scores. We selected nine key genes (AXIN2, ATOH1, CHST13, PNMA2, GYG2, MAGEA3, SNCG, HEYL, and RASSF10) that significantly affected the prognosis of GI and used them to develop a RiskScore model accordingly. Combining the verification results from a nomogram, the prediction of the model was proven to be accurate. The high RiskScore group was significantly enriched in tumor and immune‐related pathways. Compared with normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells, the mRNA levels of the nine genes were differential in the gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of PNMA2 suppressed migration and invasion of the cancer cells.

Conclusion

We distinguished three GI molecular subtypes with different prognosis based on the genes related to BAs metabolism and developed a RiskScore model, contributing to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with GI.
Modeling water flow and volumetric water content in a degraded peat comparing unimodal with bimodal porosity and flux with pressure head boundary condition
Authors: Davies Mariel F. , Dietrich Ottfried , Gerke Horst H. , Merz Christoph
Published: April 2024

Degraded peatlands release large amounts of greenhouse gases. The development of effective mitigation and management measures requires an understanding of relevant site‐specific biogeochemical and hydraulic processes. However, the simulation of water fluxes and vadose zone state variables of degrading peatlands relies on proper process description, parameterization of hydraulic functions, and representation of the boundary conditions. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of unimodal versus bimodal soil hydraulic functions and pressure head versus flux‐type lower boundary conditions (LBCs) on the calculated hydraulic characteristics of a degraded peat profile. HYDRUS‐1D was used to study the hydraulic flow dynamics parameterized with data from a weighable groundwater lysimeter for the period from May 1 to December 31, 2019. Simulations comparing uni‐ and bimodal hydraulic functions showed only minor differences. Simulations of soil water pressure at a depth of 30 cm using a flux‐type LBC (RMSE: 27 cm, where RMSE is root mean square error) performed better than simulations using a pressure head LBC (RMSE: 48 cm). The pressure head LBC performed better at simulating volumetric water contents in 30‐cm depth than the flux LBC variant (RMSE: 0.05 vs. 0.09 cm3 cm−3). For specific site conditions with a shallow, fluctuating groundwater table and temporary air entrapment, the choice of LBC was important for a more accurate simulation of soil water fluxes and volumetric water content.
Transforming Kanak Knowledge to Teach Students and Train Teachers in New Caledonia
Authors: Wadrawane Eddie Wayuone
Published: April 2024

The reconfiguration of New Caledonian schools and curricula seems to be essential in times of complex political and environmental changes. It should rehabilitate the memory of the Indigenous Kanak cultures and genealogical itineraries. Six fundamental elements of Kanak culture (éléments fondamentaux de la culture Kanak, or EFCK) are therefore currently integrated into school curricula following their official introduction in 2016 in the New Caledonian Education Project (PENC). Their implementation in schooling contributes to innovative teaching and teacher training techniques and will progressively lead to socio-school rebalancing. The transfer of Indigenous Kanak knowledge into so-called academic contexts can contribute to a greater balance between humans and their environment. Based on qualitative methods in human and social sciences, I will demonstrate the possibilities for teaching Indigenous knowledge and life skills. Examples for the transposition of Kanak knowledge and cultural practices include the Aengeni hnameneng ceremony on Maré island and a yam calendar produced by teacher candidates in their second year of training. I conclude that schools and universities should encourage teachers, teacher candidates, educators, and students to critically reflect the didactic resources of Kanak and Oceanic cultures.
Gender, Politics and Power in New Caledonia
Authors: Baker Kerryn
Published: April 2024

This chapter explores women’s engagement in politics in New Caledonia over time. Despite widespread resistance to western conceptualisations of feminism, women’s organising in New Caledonia has a long history. Although women’s movement has historically been fragmented along ethnic and ideological lines, a strong women’s coalition emerged during the debate over the French parity laws. Activists from both the pro-independence and loyalist sides of politics campaigned strongly to ensure the parity laws would be implemented in the territory. These laws, and the advocacy from local women’s groups, have ensured that since 2004 women have been represented in New Caledonian politics in near-equal numbers to men. Men still dominate key positions of political power, and in the complex political environment of New Caledonia, gender is just one political identity among many, making issues of representation fraught. Yet women’s increased access to politics has had a substantive impact in New Caledonia: enabling the articulation of diverse viewpoints, enhancing women’s status as leaders and increasing attention paid to key gender policy issues. Building on a long history of women’s participation in decision-making, collective action and political activism in the territory, the parity laws have created an expanded political sphere for women.