bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How digital applications can facilitate knowledge sharing in health care
Authors: Aggestam Lena , Svensson Ann
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper focuses on knowledge sharing in health care. The aim of the paper is to further understand how digital applications can facilitate knowledge sharing between different care providers and health-care professionals.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a qualitative action case study, performed as a formative intervention study as a Change Laboratory, where a digital application concerning wound support was used. The Change Laboratory was used for knowledge sharing in the assessment and treatment process of wounds. The collected data was then thematically analyzed.

Findings

The findings show how digital applications can facilitate knowledge sharing, but also the need for complementary collaborative sessions. The main contribution is the rich description of how digital applications together with these sessions can facilitate knowledge sharing.

Originality/value

This paper shows that activities as collaborative sessions performed on the organizational level prove to support knowledge sharing and learning when a new digital application has been implemented in the work process. It also shows that these sessions contributed to identifying new knowledge that has potential for being included in the application and hence are important to keeping the application updated and relevant over time.
Dihydromyricetin protects sevoflurane‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in HT22 hippocampal cells
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Li Haoyi , Qu Dongchao
Published: August 2024

Sevoflurane (Sev) is a commonly used inhalation anaesthetic that has been shown to cause hippocampus dysfunction through multiple underlying molecular processes, including mitochondrial malfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a 2,3‐dihydroflavonoid with various biological properties, such as anti‐inflammation and anti‐oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of DHM on Sev‐induced neuronal dysfunction. HT22 cells were incubated with 10, 20 and 30 μM of DHM for 24 h, and then stimulated with 4% Sev for 6 h. The effects and mechanism of DHM on inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were explored in Sev‐induced HT22 cells by Cell Counting Kit‐8, flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction, colorimetric detections, detection of the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), immunofluorescence and western blotting. Our results showed that DHM increased Sev‐induced cell viability of HT22 cells. Pretreatment with DHM attenuated apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Sev‐elicited HT22 cells by remedying the abnormality of the indicators involved in these progresses, including apoptosis rate, the cleaved‐caspase 3 expression, as well as the level of tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ROS, mitochondrial ROS and MMP. Mechanically, pretreatment with DHM restored the Sev‐induced the expression of SIRT1/FOXO3a pathway in HT22 cells. Blocking of SIRT1 counteracted the mitigatory effect of DHM on apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Sev‐elicited HT22 cells. Collectively, pretreatment with DHM improved inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction via SIRT1/FOXO3a pathway in Sev‐induced HT22 cells.
Spatial ecosystem monitoring with a Multichannel Acoustic Autonomous Recording Unit (MAARU)
Authors: Heath Becky E. , Suzuki Reiji , Le Penru Neel Patrick , Skinner James , Orme C. David L. , Ewers Robert M. , Sethi Sarab Singh , Picinali Lorenzo
Published: August 2024

Multi‐microphone recording adds spatial information to recorded audio with emerging applications in ecosystem monitoring. Specifically placing sounds in space can improve animal count accuracy, locate illegal activity like logging and poaching, track animals to monitor behaviour and habitat use and allow for ‘beamforming’ to amplify sounds from target directions for downstream classification. Studies have shown many advantages of spatial acoustics, but uptake remains limited as the equipment is often expensive, complicated, inaccessible or only suitable for short‐term deployments.

With an emphasis on enhanced uptake and usability, we present a low‐cost, open‐source, six‐channel recorder built entirely from commercially available components which can be integrated into a solar‐powered, online system. The MAARU (Multichannel Acoustic Autonomous Recording Unit) works as an independent node in long‐term autonomous, passive and/or short‐term deployments. Here, we introduce MAARU's hardware and software and present the results of lab and field tests investigating the device's durability and usability.

MAARU records multichannel audio with similar costs and power demands to equivalent omnidirectional recorders. MAARU devices have been deployed in the United Kingdom and Brazil, where we have shown MAARUs can accurately localise pure tones up to 6 kHz and bird calls as far as 8 m away (±10° range, 100% and >60% of signals, respectively). Louder calls may have even further detection radii. We also show how beamforming can be used with MAARUs to improve species ID confidence scores.

MAARU is an accessible, low‐cost option for those looking to explore spatial acoustics accurately and easily with a single device, and without the formidable expenses and processing complications associated with establishing arrays. Ultimately, the added directional element of the multichannel recording provided by MAARU allows for enhanced recording of sonic environments, further enabling a potential step change in the uptake of spatial acoustics in the wider field.
Adaptive sampling in ecology: Key challenges and future opportunities
Authors: Henrys Peter A. , Mondain‐Monval Thomas O. , Jarvis Susan G.
Published: August 2024

Traditional ecological monitoring employs fixed designs, which do not vary over the survey duration. Adaptive sampling, whereby the data already collected informs a sampling design which changes over the course of the study, can provide a more optimal and flexible survey design but is little used in ecology.

We aim to provide an introduction to adaptive sampling for ecologists. We review previous literature and highlight examples of both empirical adaptive approaches, such as adaptive cluster sampling, and more novel model‐based adaptive methods.

To conceptualise the process of adaptive sampling we identify four key stages: choice of data, definition of a criterion, selection of new sampling occasions and sampling activity. We discuss each stage in turn and focus on the decisions ecologists need to consider in order to successfully implement an adaptive sampling strategy. We include a full walkthrough of an adaptive sampling example with code provided to demonstrate each step.

Adaptive sampling has potential advantages to ecologists but so far has had limited uptake. We review key challenges and barriers to uptake and suggest potential ways forward. We hope our paper will both increase awareness of adaptive sampling methods and provide a useful resource for ecologists considering an adaptive survey design.
Bridging the gulf: How migration fosters tolerance, cosmopolitanism, and support for globalization
Authors: Gaikwad Nikhar , Hanson Kolby , Tóth Aliz
Published: August 2024

Immigration has been shown to drive ethnocentrism and anti‐globalization attitudes in native‐born populations. Yet understanding how global integration shapes intercultural relations also necessitates clear evidence on how migration affects the attitudes of migrants. We argue that migration can foster tolerance, cosmopolitan identities, and support for international cooperation among migrants who experience sustained contact with other cultural groups. We evaluate this theory with the first randomized controlled trial resulting in overseas migration, which connected individuals in India with job opportunities in the Persian Gulf region's hospitality sector. Two years after the program began, individuals in the treatment group were significantly more accepting of ethnic, cultural, and national out‐groups. Migration also bolstered support for international cooperation and cultivated cosmopolitan identities. Qualitative and quantitative evidence links these changes to intercultural contact overseas. By focusing on migrants rather than native‐born individuals, our study illustrates how cross‐border mobility can facilitate rather than undermine global integration.
The utility of temporal trends of blood biomarkers as predictors for bloodstream infections in left ventricular assist device recipients
Authors: Dimitrov Kamen , Kaider Alexandra , Gross Christoph , Rizvanovic Selma , Pepa Flogin , Granegger Marcus , Schlein Johanna , Angleitner Philipp , Wiedemann Dominik , Riebandt Julia , Schlöglhofer Thomas , Laufer Günther , Zimpfer Daniel
Published: August 2024

Background

Temporal trends of routinely obtained parameters may provide valuable information for predicting BSIs, but this association has not yet been established in LVAD patients.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included data from 347 consecutive recipients of three rotary LVAD types. Study endpoints included the incidence of BSI, the association of temporal trends of routinely obtained blood biomarkers with the development of BSIs, the incidence of BSIs, and survival on LVAD support.

Results

During follow‐up, 47.8% (n = 166) of the patients developed BSI. In multivariate analyses, the development of BSI was a significant predictor of mortality (HR 5.78, 95% CI 4.08–8.19, p < 0.0001). In univariate analyses, after adjusting for potential confounders, albumin (SHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91–0.97, p < 0.00010), creatinine (SHR 1.49, 95% CI 1.03–2.15, p = 0.033), and C‐reactive protein (SHR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08–1.32, p = 0.0007) significantly predicted the development of BSIs during LVAD support. Notably, the strength of the association of parameter changes with the prediction of BSIs demonstrated a time‐dependent correlation in the cases of albumin (p = 0.045) and creatinine (p = 0.003).

Conclusion

Bloodstream infections are highly prevalent among LVAD recipients and are independent predictors of mortality. Temporal biomarker trends significantly predict the development of BSIs. These findings suggest opportunities for interventions aiming to reduce the incidence of BSIs.
Low‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm penetrating sigmoid colon: A case report
Authors: Okamoto Michio , Okamura Ryosuke , Itatani Yoshiro , Aisu Yuki , Kinoshita Hiromitsu , Hoshino Nobuaki , Maekawa Hisatsugu , Sakamoto Takashi , Kasahara Keiko , Okumura Shintaro , Nishigori Tatsuto , Hisamori Shigeo , Tsunoda Shigeru , Hida Koya , Nikaido Mitsuhiro , Hiramatsu Yukiko , Teramoto Yuki , Nagayama Satoshi , Obama Kazutaka
Published: August 2024

Low‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is principally characterized by low‐grade cytology without evidence of invasion to other organs. We report a LAMN surgical case whose appendiceal tumor penetrated the sigmoid colon wall. An 87‐year‐old man was referred for endoscopic resection (ER) of a colon polyp. Despite four ERs over 5 years, the polyp recurred at the same site. Laparoscopic surgery revealed a dilated appendix firmly attached to the sigmoid colon. We performed en bloc resection of both the sigmoid colon and appendix without tumor exposure. The histopathological evaluation showed that the LAMN had penetrated the sigmoid colon wall, forming two polyps on the colonic mucosa. In cases where the appendiceal‐colonic fistula is suspected, en bloc resection of the appendix and colon wall should be considered.
Blood group genotype matching for transfusion
Authors: Westhoff Connie M. , Floch Aline
Published: August 2024

The last decade has seen significant growth in the application of DNA‐based methods for extended antigen typing, and the use of gene sequencing to consider variation in blood group genes to guide clinical care. The challenge for the field now lies in educating professionals, expanding accessibility and standardizing the use of genotyping for routine patient care. Here we discuss applications of genotyping when transfusion is not straightforward including when compatibility cannot be demonstrated by routine methods, when Rh type is unclear, when allo‐ and auto‐antibodies are encountered in stem cell and organ transplantation, for prenatal testing to determine maternal and foetal risk for complications, and Group A subtyping for kidney and platelet donors. We summarize current commercial testing resources and new approaches to testing including high‐density arrays and targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS).
Telomere length and clonal chromosomal alterations in peripheral blood of patients with severe aplastic anaemia
Authors: Strauss Joshua D. , Brown Derek W. , Zhou Weiyin , Dagnall Casey , Yuan Jian‐Min , Im Annie , Savage Sharon A. , Wang Youjin , Rafati Maryam , Spellman Stephen R. , Gadalla Shahinaz M.
Published: August 2024

Severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) is a rare and life‐threatening bone marrow failure disorder. We used data from the transplant outcomes in aplastic anaemia study to characterize mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) in the peripheral blood of 738 patients with acquired SAA and evaluate their associations with telomere length (TL) and survival post‐haematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). The median age at HCT was 20.4 years (range = 0.2–77.4). Patients with SAA had shorter TL than expected for their age (median TL percentile for age: 35.7th; range <1–99.99). mCAs were detected in 211 patients (28.6%), with chr6p copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity (6p‐CNLOH) in 15.9% and chr7 loss in 3.0% of the patients; chrX loss was detected in 4.1% of female patients. Negative correlations between mCA cell fraction and measured TL (r = −0.14, p = 0.0002), and possibly genetically predicted TL (r = −0.07, p = 0.06) were noted. The post‐HCT 3‐year survival probability was low in patients with chr7 loss (39% vs. 72% in patients with chr6‐CNLOH, 60% in patients with other mCAs and 70% in patients with no mCAs; p‐log rank = 0.001). In multivariable analysis, short TL (p = 0.01), but not chr7 loss (p = 0.29), was associated with worse post‐HCT survival. TL may guide clinical decisions in patients with SAA.
A targeted gene phylogenetic framework to investigate diversification in the highly diverse yet geographically restricted red devil spiders (Araneae, Dysderidae)
Authors: Adrián‐Serrano Silvia , Pavlek Martina , Arnedo Miquel A.
Published: August 2024

The family Dysderidae is a highly diverse group of nocturnal ground‐dwelling and active‐hunter spiders. Dysderids are mostly restricted to the Western Palearctic, and particularly rich and abundant around the Mediterranean region. Interestingly, the distribution of species richness among its 24 genera and three subfamilies is highly biased—80% of its 644 documented species belong to just two genera, Dysdera (326) and Harpactea (211). Dysderidae provides an excellent study case for evolutionary and ecological research. It includes cases of trophic specialization, which are uncommon among spiders, and exhibit other remarkable biological (e.g. holocentric chromosomes), behavioural (e.g. cryptic female choice), evolutionary (e.g. adaptive radiation) and ecological features (e.g. recurrent colonization of the subterranean environment). The lack of a quantitative hypothesis on its phylogenetic structure has hampered its potential as a testing ground for evolutionary, biogeographical and ecological hypotheses. Here, we present the results of a target, multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis, using mitochondrial (cox1, 16s and 12s) and nuclear genes (h3, 28s and 18s), of the most exhaustive taxonomic sample within Dysderidae (104 spp.) to date and across related families (Synspermiata) (83 spp.). We estimate divergence times using a combination of fossil and biogeographic node calibrations and use this timeline to identify shifts in diversification rates. Our results support the monophyly of the Dysderidae subfamilies Rhodinae and Dysderinae but reject Harpacteinae as currently defined. Moreover, the clades recovered within Harpacteinae do not support its current taxonomy. The origin of the family most likely post‐dated the break‐up of Pangea, and cave colonization may be older than previously considered. After correcting for the taxonomic artefacts, we identified a significant shift in diversification rates at the base of the genus Dysdera. Although the unique coexistence of specialist and generalist diets within the lineage could be suggested as the potential driver for the rate acceleration, further quantitative analyses would be necessary to test this hypothesis.
A survey for the use of torque‐limiting devices among dental clinicians in Europe
Authors: Yilmaz Burak , Knapp Patrick , Cevik Pinar , Kahveci Cigdem , Abou‐Ayash Samir
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To assess how well torque‐limiting devices (TLDs) are known and used by European dentists, and their adherence to screw tightening protocols and screw loosening occurrence through a survey, including the correlation between the dental specialty‐of‐interest and the recognition, the tightening protocol used, and between the calibration and the occurrence of screw loosening.

Materials and methods

A 10‐question survey was distributed to dentists to collect data on their specialty‐of‐interest, TLD usage, knowledge on TLDs, calibration, the term “preload,” tightening speed, tightening protocols used, and occurrence of screw loosening. Pearson test was used for correlation analysis between the specialty‐of‐interest and the recognition‐based questions, the tightening protocol used, and between the calibration and the frequency of screw loosening.

Results

Of 422 respondents, 24% calibrated their TLDs, 27% knew the term “preload,” 76% selected the correct location to read on TLDs, and 6% was aware of the effect of tightening speed. The correlation between the specialty‐of‐interest and the recognition‐based questions was nonsignificant (p < .05) but was significant for used tightening protocol (p < .001). The correlation between the calibration and the occurrence of screw loosening was nonsignificant (p = 0.16). Tightening protocols' effect on screw loosening was similar, which was mostly observed less than once a year (p < .001).

Conclusions

A lack in dentists' knowledge was found on calibration, the term preload, and the effect of tightening speed, which were not impacted by the dentists' specialty‐of‐interest, which affected the preferred tightening protocol. The tightening protocol and calibration did not impact the occurrence of screw loosening, which was mostly observed less than once a year.
Healing patterns of alveolar bone following ridge preservation procedures
Authors: MacBeth Neil , Mardas Nikos , Davis Graham , Donos Nikos
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Examine the histomorphometric bone composition, following alveolar ridge preservation techniques and unassisted socket healing.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐two patients (42) requiring a single rooted tooth extraction were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 14 per group): Group 1: Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) using deproteinised bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and a porcine collagen membrane; Group 2: Socket Seal (SS) technique using DBBM and a porcine collagen matrix; Group 3: Unassisted socket healing (Control). Trephined bone biopsies were harvested following a 4‐month healing period. Forty‐two samples underwent Back‐Scattered Electrons ‐Scanning Electron Microscopy (BSE‐SEM) imaging, with 15 samples examined using Xray Micro‐Tomography (XMT) (n = 6 for each GBR/SS and n = 3 Control). Images were analysed to determine the percentage (%) of connective tissue, new bone formation, residual DBBM particles and direct bone to DBBM particle contact (osseointegration).

Results

BSE‐SEM analysis demonstrated that new bone formation was higher in the Control (45.89% ± 11.48) compared to both GBR (22.12% ± 12.7/p < .004) and SS (27.62% ± 17.76/p < .005) groups. The connective tissue percentage in GBR (49.72% ± 9), SS (47.81% ± 12.57) and Control (47.81% ± 12.57) groups was similar. GBR (28.17% ± 16.64) and SS (24.37% ± 18.61) groups had similar levels of residual DBBM particles. XMT volumetric analysis indicated a lower level of bone and DBBM particles in all test groups, when matched to the BSE‐SEM area measurements. Osseointegration levels (DBBM graft and bone) were recorded at 35.66% (± 9.8) for GBR and 31.18% (± 19.38) for SS.

Conclusion

GBR and SS ARP techniques presented with less bone formation when compared to unassisted healing. GBR had more direct contact/osseointegration between the DBBM particles and newly formed bone.
Honokiol relieves hippocampal neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease by activating the SIRT3‐mediated mitochondrial autophagy
Authors: Li Haitao , Sun Jinmei , Wu Yili , Yang Yishu , Zhang Wei , Tian Yuanruhua
Published: August 2024

Background

This work elucidated the effect of honokiol (HKL) on hippocampal neuronal mitochondrial function in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

APP/PS1 mice were used as AD mice models and exposed to HKL and 3‐TYP. Morris water maze experiment was performed to appraise cognitive performance of mice. Hippocampal Aβ+ plaque deposition and neuronal survival was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Nissl staining. Hippocampal neurons were dissociated from C57BL/6 mouse embryos. Hippocampal neuronal AD model was constructed by Aβ oligomers induction and treated with HKL, CsA and 3‐TYP. Neuronal viability and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit‐8 assay and TUNEL staining. mRFP–eGFP–LC3 assay, MitoSOX Red, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, and JC‐1 staining were performed to monitor neuronal autophagosomes, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuronal ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Autophagy‐related proteins were detected by Western blot.

Results

In AD mice, HKL improved cognitive function, relieved hippocampal Aβ1–42 plaque deposition, promoted hippocampal neuron survival, and activated hippocampal SIRT3 expression and mitochondrial autophagy. These effects of HKL on AD mice were abolished by 3‐TYP treatment. In hippocampal neuronal AD model, HKL increased neuronal activity, attenuated neuronal apoptosis and Aβ aggregation, activated SIRT3 and mitochondrial autophagy, reduced mitochondrial and neuronal ROS, and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential. CsA treatment and 3‐TYP treatment abrogated the protection of HKL on hippocampal neuronal AD model. The promotion of mitochondrial autophagy by HKL in hippocampal neuronal AD model was counteracted by 3‐TYP.

Conclusions

HKL activates SIRT3‐mediated mitochondrial autophagy to mitigate hippocampal neuronal damage in AD. HKL may be effective in treating AD.
Clinico‐sero‐pathological profiles and risk prediction model of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) patients with different perifascicular changes
Authors: Zhang Lining , Fu Lijun , Zhang Guoyong , Hou Ying , Ma Xiaotian , Zhao Dandan , Li Wei , Dai Tingjun , Shu Qiang , Yan Chuanzhu , Zhao Bing
Published: August 2024

Aims

To explore the clinico‐sero‐pathological characteristics and risk prediction model of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) patients with different muscular perifascicular (PF) changes.

Methods

IIM patients in our center were enrolled and the clinico‐sero‐pathological data were retrospectively analyzed. A decision tree model was established through machine learning.

Results

There were 231 IIM patients enrolled, including 53 with perifascicular atrophy (PFA), 39 with perifascicular necrosis (PFN), and 26 with isolated perifascicular enhancement of MHC‐I/MHC‐II (PF‐MHCn). Clinically, PFA patients exhibited skin rashes and dermatomyositis‐specific antibodies (DM‐MSAs, 74.5%) except for anti‐Mi2. PFN patients showed the most severe muscle weakness, highest creatine kinase (CK), anti‐Mi2 (56.8%), and anti‐Jo‐1 (24.3%) antibodies. PF‐MHCn patients demonstrated negative MSAs (48.0%) and elevated CK. Histopathologically, MAC predominantly deposited on PF capillaries in PFA but on non‐necrotic myofiber in PFN (43.4% and 36.8%, p < 0.001). MxA expression was least in PF‐MHCn (36.0% vs. 83.0% vs. 63.2%, p < 0.001). The decision tree model could effectively predict different subgroups, especially PFA and PFN.

Conclusions

Three types of PF change of IIMs representing distinct clinico‐serological characteristics and pathomechanism. Undiscovered MSAs should be explored especially in PF‐MHCn patients. The three pathological features could be accurately predicted through the decision tree model.
Increased opioid consumption in neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy for patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer: A multicenter, prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Kaiyuan , Er Jianxu , Zhang Yu , Song Chengcheng , Yu Yang , Gao Ruifang , Xu Hong , Dong Xiaolin , Yuan Limei , Liu Qiangwei , Han Jiange , Yu Yonghao , Yin Yiqing
Published: August 2024

Aims

PD‐1 block was reported to impair opioid‐induced antinociception and affect cognitive function in rodents and non‐human primates. This prospective multicenter cohort study aims to investigate the possible impact of neoadjuvant immunotherapy with PD‐1 antibody on perioperative analgesic effect of opioids and postoperative delirium (POD) for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods

Eighty‐four NSCLC patients from three medical centers with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (nCIT) or chemotherapy (nCT) were enrolled. The primary outcome is the total perioperative opioid consumption defined as the sum of intraoperative and postoperative opioid use within 3 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes compromise of incidence of POD, pain intensity, and number of analgesic pump press. Tumor prognostic parameters and perioperative change of inflammatory cytokines and soluble PD‐L1 level were also recorded.

Results

Eighty‐one patients were included in the final analysis. The total opioid consumption (sufentanil equivalent) perioperatively in the nCIT group was significantly higher than that in the nCT group, with mean difference of 60.39 μg, 95% CI (25.58–95.19), p < 0.001. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that nCIT was correlated with increased total opioid consumption (β = 0.305; 95% CI, 0.152–0.459; p < 0.001). The incidence of moderate‐to‐severe pain and cumulative analgesic pump press within 72 h was significantly higher in subjects with nCIT. There is no statistical difference in incidence of POD between groups within 72 h after surgery. The pathologic complete response rate and perioperative serum IL‐6 level were higher in the nCIT group than in the nCT group.

Conclusion

Patients with NSCLC receiving nCIT warrant increased opioid consumption perioperatively and suffered from more postoperative pain.

Clinical Trial Registration

NCT05273827.
Evaluation of the Effects of Optokinetic Stimuli and Dual‐Task Performance on Vestibulo‐Ocular Reflex Function in Children With Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Korkmaz Hanifi , Aydin Emine , Ocal Fatma Ceyda Akin , Satar Bulent
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This study investigated the effects of optokinetic stimuli and dual‐task performance on vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) function. The study primarily focused on understanding the effects of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its subtypes.

Study Design

A case–control study.

Setting

Tertiary medical centre.

Methods

Thirty‐eight children diagnosed with ADHD and 40 typically developing (TD) children aged 8–18 were included in the study. According to their diagnostic reports, children diagnosed with ADHD were also examined in three subtypes: predominantly inattentive (ADHD‐PI), predominantly hyperactive–impulsive (ADHD‐HI) and the combined type. Functional head impulse test (fHIT) was applied to all participants in three conditions—with no additional stimulus, optokinetic stimulation and dual‐task. Correct responses (CR) were determined for each group, and the conditions were compared. For the dual‐task test performance, children were given a counting task.

Results

The findings of the study are significant. The CR values obtained from the fHIT tests applied under three different conditions were lower in the ADHD group compared to the control group. CR values for all fHIT conditions and all semicircular canals were lower in the ADHD‐PI subtype and higher in the ADHD‐HI subtype compared to other subgroups.

Conclusion

This study has significant practical implications underscoring its relevance. fHIT, when applied with different protocols, can provide valuable information about the vestibular and cognitive states of children with ADHD. These results are particularly significant as the diagnosis of ADHD often relies on subjective interpretations, and fHIT offers a more objective and reliable method of evaluation.
Shifting baselines clarify the impact of contemporary logging on forest‐dependent threatened species
Authors: Ward Michelle , Ashman Kita , Lindenmayer David B. , Legge Sarah , Kindler Gareth , Cadman Timothy , Fletcher Rachel , Whiterod Nick , Lintermans Mark , Zylstra Philip , Stewart Romola , Thomas Hannah , Blanch Stuart , Watson James E. M.
Published: August 2024

Despite the importance of protecting forests and woodlands to achieve global climate and biodiversity goals, logging impacts persist worldwide. Forestry advocates often downplay these impacts but rarely consider the cumulative threat deforestation and degradation has had, and continues to have, on biodiversity. Using New South Wales (Australia) as a case study, we quantify the extent of deforestation and degradation from 1788 (pre‐European colonization) to 2021. We used historical loss as a baseline to evaluate recent logging (2000–2022) and the condition of the remaining native forest and woodland. Condition was quantified by measuring the similarity of a current ecosystem to a historical reference state with high ecological integrity. Using these data, we measured the impacts on 269 threatened terrestrial species. We show that possibly over half (29 million ha) of pre‐1788 native forest and woodland vegetation in NSW has been lost. Of the remaining 25 million ha, 9 million ha is estimated to be degraded. We found recent logging potentially impacted 150 species that had already been affected by this historical deforestation and degradation, but the impacts varied across species. Forty‐three species that were identified as impacted by historical deforestation and degradation and continue to be impacted by logging, now have ≤50% of their pre‐1788 extent remaining that is intact and nine species now have ≤30%. Our research contextualizes the impact of current logging against historical deforestation and highlights deficiencies in environmental assessments that ignore historical baselines. Future land management must consider both the extent and condition of remaining habitat based on pre‐1788 extents.
Export competition with China and firms' coping strategies
Authors: Nilsson Hakkala Katariina , Pan Yao
Published: August 2024

This paper analyses how intensified Chinese competition in export markets affects firms' coping strategies. Using a novel identification approach that exploits changes in China's product‐specific export policies across industries, we find that Chinese export competition reduces the aggregate value of product‐ and destination‐specific exports of Finland, primarily by putting a downward pressure on export prices. The firm‐level analysis using Finnish administrative data shows that firms undertake larger price cuts for homogeneous products than for differentiated export products. We analyse further export firms' coping strategies on product range margin, and find that firms drop their marginal products as the Chinese export competition intensifies. Our results highlight the increasing importance of competition with China for exporters from developed countries.
Factors Influencing Kidney Transplantation Experiences for Patients From Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Crawford Kimberley , Wilson Catherine , Mulley William R. , Toussaint Nigel D. , Kennedy Elaine , Andrew Narissa , Ward Andrea , Truong Mandy
Published: August 2024

Background

Disparities in aspects of chronic kidney disease progression and management exist for patients from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds, including with treatment and outcomes for kidney transplantation.

Objective

This study aimed to explore factors that impact kidney transplant outcomes from the perspective of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) from CALD backgrounds and their family caregivers.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative design was utilised. Participants were recruited from two tertiary hospitals in Victoria, Australia. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with KTRs who were born overseas in countries where English is not the primary language. Interviews were also conducted with family caregivers. Analysis was guided by the Framework Method, and emergent subcategories were mapped into the categories identified in Andersen's Health Service Utilisation Model.

Results

Data from 21 KTRs and five caregivers were grouped under the categories of Population Characteristics, Environment, Health Behaviour and Outcomes. KTRs believed that neither culture nor religious beliefs impacted how they managed their transplant or healthcare utilisation. KTRs expressed satisfaction with their care, felt no inequity with how they were treated by health professionals and expressed gratitude for the Australian healthcare system. Language did not necessarily impact transplant outcomes, but there was a reliance on interpreters for non‐English‐speaking patients as most written information was in English. Caregivers were instrumental in providing support but discussed the challenges involved.

Conclusion

This study explored factors influencing kidney transplantation for KTRs from a CALD background. The study provided insight into how to deliver quality healthcare to these patients, highlighting the importance of health services providing information that is written in the patient's own language and respectively asking KTRs about their health beliefs or customs. Caregivers were instrumental in supporting KTRs, but there is a need to better prepare them for this role.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patient and public involvement was integrated into the design and delivery of the study. KTRs from CALD backgrounds assisted with framing the research questions and offering advice on the recruitment and data collection process.
The role of landscape factors in shaping bumble bee pathogen loads across regions of the eastern Nearctic
Authors: Gratton Elena M. , McNeil Darin J. , Sawyer Ren , Martinello Anna , Grozinger Christina M. , Hines Heather M.
Published: August 2024

Pathogens and parasites are drivers of declines in bumble bees. Their levels can be influenced by numerous abiotic and biotic factors, thus managing disease in these bees requires understanding the relative impact of these factors on pathogen loads.

We evaluated loads of black queen cell virus (BQCV) and deformed wing virus in bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) and honey bees (Apis mellifera), and loads of parasites Vairimorpha bombi and Crithidia bombi in B. impatiens, from sites varying in habitat type and quality across North Carolina, USA. Pathogen loads were assessed against metrics for land cover, floral quality, bee diversity and weather. Results were compared against similar data from Pennsylvania, USA, and other landscape studies on bumble bees in North America.

Spatial variation in pathogen loads was lower in bumble bees in North Carolina than in Pennsylvania, which reduced the power to detect landscape effects. For example, Crithidia was fairly ubiquitous and Vairimorpha was not detected.

Data from both states revealed that developed land and honey bees were most consistently positively correlated with viral loads, especially for BQCV, whereas forest and nesting habitat availability were often negatively correlated with loads. Multivariate models only supported a positive relationship between summer floral resources and BQCV loads in North Carolina bumble bees.

Together with the broader literature, these data indicate that levels of developed land and honey bees are most associated with increased pathogen loads while floral availability and bee community composition show more context‐dependent effects.
Strength comparison for fully dense zirconium diboride ceramics tested by different methods
Authors: Kosanović Darko , Filipović Suzana , Trajković Isaak , Obradović Nina , Brune Paul M. , Hilmas Gregory E. , Fahrenholtz William G.
Published: August 2024

The strength of zirconium diboride ceramics was tested by three different methods, 3‐point flexure, 4‐point flexure, and compression. Nearly full‐density ceramics were obtained by hot pressing commercial ZrB2 powder with the addition of .5 wt.% carbon as a sintering aid. The thermal properties and hardness were studied for ZrB2 milled with ZrB2 and WC media. Based on phase purity and higher thermal conductivity, ZrB2 ceramics prepared from powders milled with ZrB2 media were selected for mechanical property studies. The strength in 3‐point flexure was 546 ± 55 MPa. The flexure strength was 476 ± 41 MPa in 4‐point bending, which was ∼20% higher than the previously reported value of 398 MPa for ZrB2 with similar grain sizes due to higher relative density and lower impurity contents. Compression testing was performed at room temperature, and the strength was 1110 ± 358 MPa. Finally, the fracture toughness of pure ZrB2 ceramics was determined by the chevron‐notched beam method to be 3.6 ± .7 MPa m1/2. The strength and fracture toughness values are higher than those previously published for ZrB2 ceramics and can be attributed to higher density and lower grain size. The strength‐limiting flaw sizes were comparable to the grain size, suggesting that porosity and impurity phases did not play a significant role in the strength of these ceramics.
Predictors of survival in immunotherapy‐based treatments in advanced melanoma: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Daishi , Sun Yuming , Le Jiayuan , Dian Yating , Liu Yihuang , Zeng Furong , Deng Guangtong , Lei Shaorong , Su Juan
Published: August 2024

The introduction of immunotherapy‐based strategies has significantly improved the prognosis for melanoma patients. Nevertheless, some patients still have dismal outcomes, emphasizing the significance of survival predictive indicators in immunotherapy‐based approaches. We systematically searched randomized controlled clinical trials investigating dual immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy versus placebo or mono‐immunotherapy or chemotherapy alone in advanced melanoma patients. R version 4.3.0. was employed to perform all analyses. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on a total of 13,809 patients with advanced melanoma from 19 randomized clinical trials. Immunotherapy‐based strategies (alone or in combination) could significantly lengthen the overall survival(OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) compared with corresponding controls. Mono‐immunotherapy improved RFS and OS in PD‐L1 positive patients, in stage AJCC IIIC, and with 4 or more positive lymph nodes, compared with chemotherapy. Combined immunotherapy statistically improved RFS and OS in those aged < 65, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status of 0, and LDH ≤ ULN at baseline compared with single treatment alone. Our findings indicated that certain clinicopathological and molecular features could assist in choosing appropriate melanoma patients for immune‐based treatments.
The impact of meteorological factors on the incidence of infantile atopic dermatitis
Authors: Belugina Iryna , Yagovdik Nikolay , Belugina Olga , Belugin Sergei
Published: August 2024

Background

The role of the climate regarding atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants is still unclear. This study aimed to determine the relationship between meteorological conditions and the incidence of early AD.

Methods

The study was conducted using a retrospective design. We analyzed children aged 0–24 months with clinically diagnosed AD (n = 603), including infantile eczema (IE, n = 292), in relation to the mean monthly meteorological data in Minsk. The Mantel–Haenszel method was used to study the association between an AD outcome and meteorological variables, stratifying by potential confounders. Seasons of birth were analyzed in children diagnosed with AD before 6 months of age (n = 567) and at 12 months of age (n = 350) from 2005 to 2019.

Results

The incidence rate of IE was negatively associated with air temperature (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59–0.94), precipitation (0.74; 95% CI 0.58–0.93), and positively associated with atmospheric pressure (1.31; 95% CI 1.04–1.66). The highest incidence rate of IE was during spring, and the lowest was during summer. Incidences of AD were less frequent among infants born in the spring (18.1% vs. 29.4%, P < 0.001) than among older children. The principal component analysis identified three meteorological combinations where the first one (warm, low humidity) was negatively associated with the incidence rate of AD among children aged 0–24 months (0.77; 95% CI 0.65–0.92), and the third one (rainy, low atmospheric pressure) with IE (0.70; 95% CI 0.54–0.90).

Conclusion

Continental seasonal cold‐humid weather may influence early AD incidence. Moreover, short‐term meteorological factors may play an important role in the onset of IE.
Repercussions of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HYY‐DB9 and Levilactobacillus brevis GIM 1.773 on the degradation of nitrite, volatile compounds, and sensory assessment of traditional Chinese paocai
Authors: Huang Yan‐yan , Huang Fang , Huang Jing‐yi , Liu Yan , Li Meng‐na , Yao Qing‐bo , Zeng Xin‐an , Chen Bo‐ru
Published: August 2024

Paocai, as one of the most widely consumed traditional fermented foods in China, is dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which exert a significant influence on the dynamics of metabolites, microecological changes, and sensory quality. In this study, five different paocai groups were designed for fermentation using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HYY‐DB9 (LP), Levilactobacillus brevis GIM 1.773 (LB), a mixture of two LABs (LP + LB), pasteurisation (PST), and natural fermentation (NF). Nitrite content, pH, titratable acidity, viable cell counts (LAB and yeasts), metabolites (organic acids and volatile substances), and sensory evaluation were determined for each group. The results demonstrated that the mixed fermentation with two LABs (LP + LB) significantly reduced nitrite content. Organic acids produced by LAB played a crucial role in the degradation process, particularly lactic acid which exhibited the most pronounced effect on nitrite degradation. Furthermore, artificial inoculation of LAB fermentation resulted in improved taste and flavour of paocai along with increased production of alcohols, esters, and acids compared to traditional natural fermentation. These findings have important implications for enhancing paocai quality control and managing nitrite content while also providing an excellent fermentation agent for fermented paocai.
Investigation of synergistic effect and mechanism of green tea extract and coffee extract on α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibition
Authors: Ni Jian , Zhou Xincheng , Ge Weiben , Chen Hongru , Wang Hongxin
Published: August 2024

To address the adverse effects of current hypoglycaemic drugs and the limited effect of individual extracts, this research investigated the inhibitory effect of combined green tea extract (GTE) and coffee (CE) on α‐amylase (α‐AMY) and α‐glucosidase (α‐GLU) and their inhibitory mechanisms. The inhibitory effects of single extracts and the complexes on α‐AMY and α‐GLU activities were compared by the principle of equivalence line. The results showed that the complexes had a good synergistic inhibition effect on both α‐AMY and α‐GLU at GTE: CE = 4:1 (w/w). Fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the complexes of GTE: CE = 4:1 (w/w) altered the secondary and tertiary structures of α‐AMY and α‐GLU more than the individual extracts, resulting in a synergistic inhibitory effect. The orthogonal experiments showed that tea polyphenols (TP) and coffee polyphenols (CP) were the main components responsible for the synergistic inhibitory effect of the two extracts.
Rapid detection of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus using a hand‐held nucleic acid detection system
Authors: Wang Zhen , Lu Wen , Li Xiutong , Xu Na , Lin Lihong , Song Qi , Liu Yiteng , Hu Zhiyang , Guo Sheng , Gao Yibo , Wen Weijia
Published: August 2024

Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus are common pathogens that cause foodborne illnesses. Currently, the detection of these pathogens involves time‐consuming procedures, namely isolation, cultivation, and biochemical identification, making it impossible for on‐site real‐time testing. In this study, we developed a compact hand‐held real‐time fluorescent nucleic acid testing device and specific lyophilized reagents to achieve rapid detection of Salmonella and S. aureus within 30 min. The detection sensitivity was 100 colony‐forming units (CFU)/mL for Salmonella and 125 CFU/mL for S. aureus. This technique significantly reduced the detection time compared with the traditional cultivation method. Even at low initial concentrations of 5 CFU/mL for Salmonella and 15 CFU/mL for S. aureus, it demonstrated superior performance compared with traditional cultivation, detecting the target bacteria more than 2 days earlier than that method. Notably, we achieved 100% in the detection of Salmonella and S. aureus using spiked pastry samples. In addition, the proposed detection system exhibited excellent specificity when tested against 27 bacterial strains. In conclusion, the proposed nucleic acid detection system provides a viable, miniaturized solution for rapid detection of bacteria.
Music and city branding: Auckland as a ‘City of Music’
Authors: Kim Hanju , Lewis Nicolas , Kearns Robin
Published: August 2024

We examine Auckland's ‘City of Music’ (ACM) place branding initiative, outlining its aspirations and gauging its contribution to the vitality of Auckland's underlying music scene. We draw on documentary evidence, media reports, first‐hand observations and a series of interviews with brand advocates and music insiders. The paper highlights tensions between the ‘City of Music’ brand and the understandings of those whose work, identities, daily lives and lived spaces are appropriated to give it substance. We conclude that ACM has injected resources into the Auckland music ‘scene’ but fails to represent faithfully its vitality and complex ecology.
Property tax‐induced mobility and redistribution: Evidence from mass reappraisals
Authors: Fraenkel Rebecca
Published: August 2024

I investigate the effect of property tax changes on homeowner mobility and voted tax rates using a panel of assessment and sales records in Ohio. I use redistributive mass reappraisals that cause changes in an individual's tax price of local services to examine how changes in homeowner's tax bills influence mobility. I find that a $0.10 increase in the price per dollar of services leads to a 5% increase in the likelihood of sale with no change in foreclosure probability. I also find suggestive evidence of increased voted tax rates when the ratio of median to mean taxable value decreases.