bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A decade of military support for the Coastal America partnership
Authors: Schlossnagle George , Tippie Virginia K.
Published: October 2002

In 1992 the Army, Navy, and Air Force, and the Department of Transportation signed a Memorandum of Understanding
(MOU) with four other federal departments and the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). This
memorandum established the Coastal America Partnership and its principles for action; to protect, restore, and
maintain the nation's coastal living resources. Thus, the military, including the Coast Guard, have worked
with Coastal America Partners in many activities ranging from restoration and protection of coastal ecosystems such
as marshlands and reefs to the removal of obsolete and unsafe dams to restore fish migration paths. Within the
Coastal America partnership, the military partners have worked with communities, states, and other federal partners
to enhance the environment. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cost, operational readiness, and environmental benefits for the reutilization of used hydraulic oil
Authors: Mowery Ralph B. , Teefy Dennis A. , Werner Neal C.
Published: October 2002

The U.S. Army, in cooperation with industry, recently developed and demonstrated a methodology for returning
used hydraulic fluid to vehicle service. The effort was conducted in three phases: First, a laboratory
investigation to determine the viability of restoring used fluid to military specification performance. Second,
a field investigation designed to identify commercially available equipment that could successfully process the
used fluid and also demonstrate the performance of the restored fluid in military vehicles. Third, the Army
entered into Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) with commercial companies that
manufacture the certified hydraulic oil recyclers to test on‐line diagnostics aimed at automating and
optimizing the process. Under the aegis of the aforementioned CRADA, industry developed technology that
automates the process of restoring used hydraulic fluid to military specification performance. Testing and
demonstration results indicate that the process of restoring used hydraulic fluid can be automated to require
less labor and eliminate possible incomplete restoration. This paper briefly explains the recommended process
developed by the Fuels and Lubricants Team as presented in the “User's Guide For Recycling Military
Hydraulic Fluid.” Recent military implementation of hydraulic oil restoration programs, studies, and
field demonstrations within the U.S. Army, Navy, and Air Force are discussed.

The on‐site reutilization of used hydraulic fluid with a certified hydraulic oil recycler can have a
significant impact on meeting pollution prevention goals. The benefits include reduced fluid disposal costs,
reduced procurement costs for new fluid, increased operational readiness, increased durability of systems, and
an uncomplicated avenue for conservation of natural resources. Procedures and certifications for this program
are now in place. The implementation of a hydraulic oil recycling program will save millions of dollars per
year for each of the U.S. military services, as well as contribute to operational readiness. © 2002 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of high levels of lead in select Department of Defense plastic playground equipment
Authors: Belfit Victoria F. , Nix Bryan J. , Graham Stephan C.
Published: October 2002

This paper provides information on evaluations of childhood lead exposures associated with Department of
Defense (DOD) elementary schools and Army family housing and child development center (CDC)
plastic playground equipment (PE). DOD has fully evaluated the elementary school plastic PE. Playground
equipment similar to DOD school PE exists in military housing and CDCs throughout Europe. Surveys of plastic PE
found six brands that contained high levels of lead. Absent federal standards for lead in dust on plastic PE, DOD
applied a standard of 100 μg/ft_, based on the EPA / HUD clearance level for lead in dust on
residential floors. Eleven percent of components tested in 73 schools exceeded the 100
μg/ft_standard. In 2001, EPA lowered this standard to 40 μg/ft_. There is still
equipment present with lead levels between 40 μg/ft_and 100 μg/ft_.
Lead‐containing PE has also been identified within the United States. Army offices are working with Federal
agencies and the services to determine the location of lead‐containing PE within the United States and to
establish consensus standards. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patched grid and adaptive mesh refinement strategies for the calculation of the transport of vortices
Authors: Benkenida A. , Bohbot J. , Jouhaud J. C.
Published: October 2002

This paper presents two techniques allowing local grid refinement to calculate the transport of vortices. one is the patched grid (PG) method which allows non‐coincident interfaces between blocks. Treatment of the non‐coincident interfaces is given in detail. The second one is the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method which has been developed in order to create embedded sub‐grids. The efficiency of these two methods is demonstrated by some validating tests. Then the PG and AMR strategies are applied in the computation of the transport of vortices. We start with a simple vortex flow in a cubic box. Then, the flowfield around a complex aircraft configuration is calculated using the two refinement techniques. Results are compared with a fine, referenced grid calculation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Injection/suction boundary conditions for fluid–structure interaction simulations in incompressible flow
Authors: Medic G. , Mohammadi B.
Published: October 2002

This paper presents the analysis of injection/suction boundary conditions in the context of the fluid–structure interactions simulation of the incompressible turbulent flow.

First, the equations used in the modelling of the fluid and the structure are presented, as well as the numerical methods used in the corresponding solvers. Injection/suction boundary conditions are then presented with details of different implementation alternatives. Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) approach was also implemented in order to test the injection/suction boundary conditions.

Numerical tests are performed where injection/suction boundary conditions are compared to ALE simulations. These tests include forced movement of the structure and two‐degrees‐of‐freedom structure model simulations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feedback control of the Rayleigh–Bénard convection by means of mode reduction
Authors: Park H. M. , Lee W. J.
Published: October 2002

An optimal feedback control is synthesized for the Rayleigh–Bénard convection by means of empirical reduction of modes. The Boussinesq equation is reduced to a minimal set of ordinary differential equations by using the Karhunen–Loève Galerkin procedure. The state feedback control synthesis, that drives the intensity of convection to a preset trajectory by adjusting heat flux at the bottom of the system, is constructed using this low‐dimensional dynamic model by first performing an extended Kalman filter estimate of the velocity and temperature fields and then developing the optimal feedback law by means of the linear regulator theory. The present technique allows for the practical implementation of modern control concepts to the natural convection and is found to yield satisfactory results. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of G2/M arrest correlates with radiosensitization in two human sarcoma cell lines with mutant p53
Authors: Bache M. , Pigorsch S. , Dunst J. , Würl P. , Meye A. , Bartel F. , Schmidt H. , Rath F.W. , Taubert H.
Published: October 2002

We have examined the modulation of radiosensitivity by using caffeine in two human sarcoma cell lines both with a p53 mutation (US8‐93 and LMS6‐93). In both cell lines a strong irradiation‐induced G2/M arrest was coupled with a low rate of apoptosis. Incubation with caffeine resulted in a low percentage of S and G2/M cells, associated with an accumulation in G1. With a higher caffeine concentration, we detected a lower clonogenic survival with IC50 at 2 mM. In both cell lines incubation with caffeine completely prevents the irradiation‐induced G2/M arrest. This was connected to radiosensitization, but without direct correlation to an induction of apoptosis. The effect of radiosensitization rose with higher irradiation doses. However, in comparison with LMS6‐93, it was stronger in cell line US8‐93. A higher radiosensitization in US8‐93 correlated with the prevention of strong irradiation‐induced G2/M response and higher initial DNA damage. Results of Western hybridization reveal a p53‐independent mechanism of radiosensitization caused by caffeine. Our findings suggest that modulation in G2/M regulation may affect a common checkpoint for tumor cells with defective p53 function. Furthermore, our results show that the enhancer effect of caffeine is dependent on a strong reduction in the number of G2/M arrested cells and on an inhibition of DNA damage repair after irradiation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An investigation of a model of percentage depth dose for irregularly shaped fields
Authors: Hossain Murshed , Xiao Ying , Huq M. Saiful
Published: October 2002

A significant component of the total dose delivered to tumor and surrounding tissue during a radiation treatment arises from the scattering of the primary beam. Accounting for this component accurately and efficiently is a necessity. In this study we investigate a method for calculating the phantom‐scatter contributions to the total dose by simple summation of scatter dose from a set of individual triangles that span an irregular field. The calculation of phantom scatter is based on a two‐parameter model, which is applicable to regions where electron equilibrium is established. The two physical parameters are the dose‐averaged linear attenuation coefficient and the beam‐hardening coefficient. The advantage of this model is that it is a natural method when an irregular field is shaped by a multi‐leaf collimator (MLC). Accuracy is not compromised by the triangulation since the irregular field is defined by the straight edges of the MLC leaves. The model predicts the percent depth dose with acceptable accuracy for any arbitrary shape of fields. We report on results for 6‐ and 18‐MV photon beams and for a number of irregularly shaped fields. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IUdR polymers for combined continuous low‐dose rate and high‐dose rate sensitization of experimental human malignant gliomas
Authors: Yuan Xuan , Dillehay Larry E. , Williams Jerry R. , Williams Jeffery A.
Published: October 2002

Local polymeric delivery enhances IUdR radiosensitization of human malignant gliomas (MG). The combined low‐dose rate (LDR) (0.03 Gy/h) and fractionated high‐dose rate (HDR) treatments result in cures of experimental MGs. To enhance efficacy, we combined polymeric IUdR delivery, LDR, and HDR for treatments of both subcutaneous and intracranial MGs. In vitro: Cells (U251 MG) were trypsinized and replated in triplicate 1 day prior to LDR irradiation in media either without (control) or with 10 μM IUdR. After 72 hr, LDR irradiation cells were acutely irradiated (1.1 Gy/min) with increasing (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, or 10 Gy) single doses. Implantable IUdR polymers [(poly(bis(p‐carboxyphenoxy)‐propane) (PCPP): sebaic acid (PCPP:SA), 20:80] (50% loading; 10 mg) were synthesized. In vivo: For flank vs. intracranial tumors, mice had 6 × 106 subcutaneous vs. 2 × 105 intracranial cells. For intracranial or subcutaneous MGs, mice had intratumoral blank (empty) vs. IUdR polymer treatments. One day after implantation, mice had immediate external LDR (3 cGy/h × 3 days total body irradiation) or HDR (2 Gy BID × 4 days to tumor site) or concurrent treatments. For the in vitro IUdR treatments, LDR resulted in a striking increase in cell‐killing when combined with HDR. For the in vivo LDR treatments of flank tumors, the growth delay was greater for the IUdR vs. blank polymer treatments. For the combined LDR and HDR, the IUdR treatments resulted in a dramatic decrease in tumor volumes. On day 60 the log V/V0 were −1.7 ± 0.22 for combined LDR + HDR + IUdR polymer (P < 0.05 vs. combined LDR + HDR + blank polymer). Survival for the intracranial controls was 22.9 ± 1.2 days. For the blank polymer + LDR vs. blank polymer + LDR + HDR treatments, survival was 25.3 ± 1.7 (P = NS) vs. 48.1 ± 3.5 days (P < 0.05). For IUdR polymer + LDR treatment survival was 27.3 ± 2.3 days (P = NS). The most striking improvement in survival followed the IUdR polymer + LDR + HDR treatment: 66.0 + 6.4 days (P < 0.05 vs. blank polymer + LDR + HDR). The polymeric IUdR delivery plus combined continuous LDR and HDR treatments results in growth delay and improved survival in animals bearing the MG xenografts. This treatment may hold promise for the treatment of human MGs. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of P‐selectin in radiation‐induced intestinal inflammatory damage
Authors: Mollà Meritxell , Gironella Meritxell , Salas Azucena , Miquel Rosa , Pérez‐del‐Pulgar Sofia , Conill Carles , Engel Pablo , Biete Albert , Piqué Josep M. , Panés Julián
Published: October 2002

The aims of our study were to characterize the dose‐ and time‐dependent changes in endothelial P‐selectin expression and the role of this adhesion molecule as a mediator of radiation‐induced inflammation. For that purpose, endothelial P‐selectin expression was measured by the radiolabeled antibody technique in control and irradiated mice at 2, 6, and 24 hr following abdominal irradiation with 4 or 10 Gy; leukocyte endothelial cell interactions were assessed using intravital microscopy in intestinal venules following irradiation at the aforementioned doses and times in C57BL/6 and P‐selectin‐deficient mice. In wild‐type mice, radiation induced a time‐ and dose‐dependent up‐regulation of P‐selectin and a significant increase in the flux of rolling leukocytes 2 hr after irradiation. Irradiation induced a significant increase in leukocyte adhesion that was dose‐dependent. Following irradiation, P‐selectin‐deficient mice did not show any increase in leukocyte rolling but did demonstrate a response in leukocyte adhesion similar to that of the wild‐type mice. Radiation‐induced dose‐dependent histological inflammatory damage that did not differ between P‐selectin‐deficient and wild‐type mice. We conclude that P‐selectin is up‐regulated following irradiation and is a key molecular determinant of leukocyte rolling but not leukocyte adhesion in this inflammatory condition. Therefore, isolated neutralization of this adhesion molecule is not an effective means for preventing radiation‐induced inflammation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adjuvant radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy is more effective and less toxic than salvage radiotherapy for a rising prostate specific antigen
Authors: Anscher Mitchell S.
Published: October 2002

Despite the trend toward earlier diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate, approximately 25% of men undergoing radical prostatectomy will have pathologic evidence of cancer extending outside of the prostate. These patients are at high risk for subsequent recurrence. Such relapses are almost always manifested initially as a rise in the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). Currently utilized PSA assays, however, will not detect a recurrence smaller than 107 to 108 cells, nor does PSA identify the site of recurrence. In contrast, the pathologic findings at the time of surgery can be used to reliably distinguish patients at risk for local recurrence from those more likely to fail distantly. Furthermore, adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy after prostatectomy, given to patients with an undetectable PSA who are at high risk for local recurrence, results in a higher disease free survival and fewer side effects than if radiotherapy is delayed until the PSA begins to rise. Thus, patients at high risk for local failure following radical prostatectomy, but at low risk for distant metastases (i.e., those with positive surgical margins and an undetectable PSA) should be offered immediate adjuvant radiotherapy. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiation therapy (RT) after prostatectomy: The case for salvage therapy as opposed to adjuvant therapy
Authors: Schild Steven E.
Published: October 2002

Patients with pathologic stage T3 or T4 prostate cancer who have undetectable PSA levels following radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) have a substantial risk of recurrence. Radiotherapy (RT) can be administered immediately following the RRP (immediate adjuvant RT) or may be postponed until the PSA level has risen to a level that is indicative of residual or recurrent prostate cancer (salvage RT). Immediate adjuvant RT can significantly reduce the risk of relapse, but does not appear to increase the rate of survival. Approximately two‐thirds of patients with rising PSA levels after RRP can be salvaged with RT alone. This result was achieved in patients treated with an adequate dose of radiation before the PSA rose to > 1.1 ng/ml. While no one can be certain which approach (adjuvant or salvage RT) is better, future studies should examine this issue. Whether immediate postoperative adjuvant RT is of value to patients is the subject of two randomized prospective studies. The benefit of adjuvant RT is a matter of controversy. Salvage RT treats only those patients with proven residual prostate cancer. The salvage RT approach has several advantages. This approach spares approximately 40% of patients who have had an RRP for T3 or T4 prostate cancer and eliminates the risks and costs associated with adjuvant RT. Additionally, it appears that the results of immediate adjuvant RT are similar to those achieved with early salvage RT. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic imbalances revealed by comparative genomic hybridization in osteosarcomas
Authors: Ozaki Toshifumi , Schaefer Karl‐Ludwig , Wai Daniel , Buerger Horst , Flege Silke , Lindner Norbert , Kevric Matthias , Diallo Raihanatou , Bankfalvi Agnes , Brinkschmidt Christian , Juergens Heribert , Winkelmann Winfried , Dockhorn‐Dworniczak Barbara , Bielack Stefan S. , Poremba Christopher
Published: October 2002

Osteosarcomas are the most frequent bone sarcomas. The molecular chromosomal aberrations in osteosarcomas were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). We studied 47 frozen tumors (41 primary samples, 6 relapses) in osteosarcoma patients registered in the Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study (COSS) protocol. Genomic imbalances were detected in 40 of 41 primary tumors and 6 of 6 relapsed tumors. Gains were more frequent than losses (ratio of 1.3:1). The median number of changes was 16 and 12 in primary and relapsed osteosarcomas, respectively. The median number of aberrations in primary high‐grade osteosarcomas (17.0) was significantly higher than in low‐ or intermediate‐grade osteosarcoma subtypes (3.0) (p = 0.038). The most frequent gains included 8q, 1p21‐p31 and 1q21‐q24, and the most frequent losses were 10q, 5q and 13q. High‐level gains were observed on 8q23‐q24, 17p13 and 1q21‐q24. A gain of 19p (p < 0.001) or loss of 9p (p = 0.027) was more frequent in poor responders than in good responders. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with primary metastases (p = 0.002), poor histologic responses (p = 0.005), high‐level gains of 19p (p = 0.012) or losses of 13q14 (p = 0.042) had significantly lower event‐free survival (EFS), whereas patients with a loss of 5q (p = 0.007) or a loss of 10q21‐22 (p = 0.017) had significantly higher EFS than patients without these aberrations. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that primary metastasis, loss of 13q14 and loss of 5q were independent prognostic factors. The findings of our study seem to be useful for evaluating the prognosis of patients and may finally lead to treatment strategies based on genetic background of osteosarcoma. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate stem cell antigen: Identification of immunogenic peptides and assessment of reactive CD8+ T cells in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Kiessling Andrea , Schmitz Marc , Stevanovic Stefan , Weigle Bernd , Hölig Kristina , Füssel Monika , Füssel Susanne , Meye Axel , Wirth Manfred P. , Rieber Ernst Peter
Published: October 2002

Identification of TAAs recognized by CD8+ CTLs paved the way for new concepts in cancer therapy. In view of the heterogeneity of tumors and their diverse escape mechanisms, CTL‐based cancer therapy largely depends on an appropriate number of TAAs. In prostate cancer, the number of antigens defined as suitable targets of CTLs remains rather limited. PSCA is widely distributed in prostate cancer. In this report, we define immunogenic peptides of PSCA which are recognized by circulating CD8+ T cells from prostate cancer patients and able to activate CTLs in vitro. Screening the amino acid sequence of PSCA for peptides containing a binding motif for HLA‐A*0201 resulted in 8 candidate peptides. Specificity and affinity of peptide binding were verified in a competition assay. Frequencies of CD8+ T lymphocytes reactive against selected epitopes were determined in the blood of prostate cancer patients using the ELISPOT assay. Increased frequencies were revealed for CD8+ T cells recognizing the peptides ALQPGTALL and AILALLPAL. CTLs from prostate cancer patients were raised against these 2 peptides in vitro when presented by autologous DCs. They specifically recognized peptide‐pulsed T2 target cells and prostate cancer cells that were HLA‐A*0201‐ and PSCA‐positive, indicating that these peptides were naturally generated by tumor cells. These data suggest that PSCA is a promising target for the immunotherapy of prostate cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Possible involvement of hMLH1, p16INK4a and PTEN in the malignant transformation of endometriosis
Authors: Martini Maurizio , Ciccarone Mariavita , Garganese Giorgia , Maggiore Claudia , Evangelista Antonella , Rahimi Siavash , Zannoni Gianfranco , Vittori Giorgio , Larocca Luigi Maria
Published: October 2002

Endometriosis is a common gynecologic disease, which generally follows a benign course. Notwithstanding, several clinical and histologic studies as well as molecular data show that endometriosis could be a precursor of sporadic endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas at extrauterine loci. Several reports have implicated alterations of the hMLH1 and p16ink4a
(p16) genes, in particular hypermethylation of the promoter region, and of the PTEN gene, principally genetic mutations, in endometrial and ovarian cancers and have indicated that these alterations are already present in precancer conditions. In this report, we analyzed the methylation status of hMLH1 and p16 and the protein expression of PTEN and hMLH1 in 46 cases of endometriosis stages III and IV to better define the possible involvement of these genes in the malignant transformation of endometriosis. We found abnormal methylation of hMLH1 in 4 of the 46 cases (8.6%). In addition, these cases had no detectable hMLH1 protein expression. Regarding patients with hMLH1 alterations, 2 were classified as stage IV and 2 showed coexistent endometriosis and carcinoma. Only 1 case of endometriosis (2.17%), classified as atypical, showed abnormal methylation of p16. Reduced PTEN protein expression was detected in 7 of 46 cases (15.21%): 5 were clinically classified as stage IV, and the other 2 presented both cancer and hypermethylated hMLH1. Our preliminary study suggests that reduced expression of both hMLH1 and PTEN may be involved in the malignant evolution of endometriosis and should be used as markers of neoplastic transformation in aggressive endometriosis with elevated tumor markers. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alcohol drinking outside meals and cancers of the upper aero‐digestive tract
Authors: Dal Maso Luigino , La Vecchia Carlo , Polesel Jerry , Talamini Renato , Levi Fabio , Conti Ettore , Zambon Paola , Negri Eva , Franceschi Silvia
Published: October 2002

In our integrated series of case‐control studies conducted in Italy and Switzerland (324 oral, 397 pharyngeal, 271 oesophageal, 506 laryngeal cancers and 3,263 controls), individuals who also drank alcoholic beverages outside meals showed an increased risk compared to those who drank at meals only. At any alcohol intake level, subjects also drinking between meals showed a more elevated risk of developing an upper aero‐digestive tract cancer than subjects drinking only at meals. After adjustment for potential covariates, and, after allowance for the number of daily drinks to adjust for different alcohol‐intake levels, the odds ratios for subjects reporting drinking outside meals were 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–2.2) for oral, 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3–2.5) for pharyngeal, 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2–2.5) for oesophageal and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.9–1.7) for laryngeal cancers. Our findings show that drinking pattern with respect to food consumption may influence alcohol carcinogenesis in the upper digestive and respiratory tract. An “alcohol washing effect” by chewing and swallowing is suggested. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specific ligands of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human esophageal cancer cells
Authors: Sutter Andreas P. , Maaser Kerstin , Höpfner Michael , Barthel Bettina , Grabowski Patricia , Faiss Siegbert , Carayon Pierre , Zeitz Martin , Scherübl Hans
Published: October 2002

Esophageal cancer is the most markedly increasing tumor entity in Western countries. Due to very poor 5‐year‐survival, new therapeutic approaches are mandatory. Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBR) have been implicated in growth control of various tumor models, but they have not been studied yet in esophageal cancer. We used esophageal cancer cell lines and primary cell cultures of human esophageal cancers and evaluated (i) expression and localization of PBR; (ii) PBR‐ligand‐induced inhibition of cell growth; (iii) induction of apoptosis; and (iv) alterations in cell cycle. Expression of PBR was detected both in cell lines and in primary cell cultures of human esophageal cancers. PBR was localized in the mitochondria. The PBR‐specific ligands FGIN‐1‐27 and PK 11195, but not the centrally acting benzodiazepine clonazepam or the indolacetamide FGIN‐1‐52, neither of which displaying any affinity to the PBR, inhibited cell proliferation. FGIN‐1‐27 and PK 11195, but not clonazepam, potently induced apoptosis. FGIN‐1‐27 was shown to sequentially decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential, then to activate caspase‐3 and finally to cause DNA fragmentation. In addition, PBR‐specific ligands induced cell cycle arrest in the G1/G0 phase. Our data qualify PBR‐specific ligands as innovative proapoptotic and antiproliferative substances. They might prove suitable for the treatment of esophageal cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer incidence patterns among Vietnamese in the United States and Ha Noi, Vietnam
Authors: Le Gem M. , Gomez Scarlett L. , Clarke Christina A. , Glaser Sally L. , West Dee W.
Published: October 2002

Nearly 600,000 persons have immigrated to the United States from Vietnam since the end of the Vietnam War. Despite the rapid growth of the U.S. Vietnamese population, little is known about cancer incidence in this migrant group. Using population‐based data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program, California Cancer Registry and International Agency for Research on Cancer, we compared cancer incidence rates for Vietnamese in the United States (1988–1992) to rates for residents of Ha Noi, Vietnam (1991–1993); non‐Hispanic whites were included to serve as the U.S. reference rates. Lung and breast cancers were the most common among Vietnamese males and females, respectively, regardless of geographic region. Rates of cancers more common to U.S. whites, such as breast, prostate and colon cancers, were elevated for U.S. Vietnamese compared to residents in Ha Noi but still lower than rates for U.S. whites. Rates of cancers more common to Asian countries, such as stomach, liver, lung and cervical cancers, were likewise elevated for U.S. Vietnamese compared to residents of Ha Noi and exceeded corresponding rates for whites. Incidence patterns for stomach, liver, lung and cervical cancers may reflect increased risk of exposures in this migrant population and should be further explored to uncover the relative contributions of environmental and genetic factors to cancer etiology. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of genotypes of carcinogen‐activating enzymes, phenol sulfotransferase SULT1A1 (ST1A3) and arylamine N‐acetyltransferase NAT2, with urothelial cancer in a Japanese population
Authors: Ozawa Shogo , Katoh Takahiko , Inatomi Hisato , Imai Hirohisa , Kuroda Yoshiki , Ichiba Masayoshi , Ohno Yasuo
Published: October 2002

Carcinogenic aromatic amines such as 4‐aminobiphenyl, which is contained in tobacco smoke, are one of the causal factors of urothelial epithelial cancers. 4‐Aminobiphenyl has been shown to be bioactivated through N‐hydroxylation by hepatic cytochrome (CYP) 1A2 and subsequently through O‐sulfation and O‐acetylation by phenol sulfating sulfotransferase, ST1A3 (SULT1A1), and arylamine N‐acetyltransferase, NAT2, respectively. In a case‐control study for urothelial epithelial cancers, low activity alleles of NAT2 are overall high‐risk alleles (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.08–4.26). Wild‐type ST1A3*1 (213Arg) alleles were slightly overrepresented in nonsmoking urothelial cancer patients (82.6% vs. 69.7%) and in smoking cancer patients (76.7% and 74.3%) compared to a variant ST1A3*2 (213His) allele. In combination of ST1A3 and NAT2 genotypes for analyses of urothelial cancer risk, the highest OR of 2.45 (95% CI 1.04–5.98) was obtained with ST1A3*1 and NAT2 slow genotype among the 4 combinations. Recombinant ST1A3*1 enzyme showed a tendency of catalyzing higher in vitro 3′‐phosphoadenosine 5′‐phosphosulfate‐dependent DNA adduct formation than ST1A3*2 (2.84 ± 0.49 and 2.22 ± 0.11 adducts/108 nucleotides). Combined analyses of different alleles of carcinogenic aromatic amine‐activating phase II enzymes were applied to urothelial cancer risk for the first time and showed the highest risk combination of ST1A3 and NAT2 alleles. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How to profit from new trends in treasury management
Authors: Danko Dori , Godwin Joseph H. , Goldberg Stephen R.
Published: October 2002

What are the latest trends in treasury management? The authors take a comprehensive look at what's
happening today, and how you can profit from it. By staying ahead of the curve, you can manage successfully in
any business environment. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ten working capital blunders to avoid
Authors: Payne Stephen M.
Published: October 2002

With the economy in the doldrums, it's tough to access traditional sources of operating capital. So many
companies try to generate as much cash as they can internally. And one of the best ways to do that is to better
manage your working capital. But are you falling prey to these common working capital blunders?
© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How to outsource treasury functions successfully
Authors: Wechsler Sander
Published: October 2002

Many companies want to outsource treasury management functions. But which functions should you outsource?
Why can outsourcing fail? And how can you ensure success? © 2002 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.
Internet security basics for treasury managers
Authors: Christensen Christine
Published: October 2002

CEOs, CFOs, and treasury managers know company practices for things like accounts payable, funds transfers, and
investment strategies. But how well do you know your company's technology infrastructure—including its
strengths and weaknesses? © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Some important answers about hedge accounting
Authors: Munter Paul
Published: October 2002

Derivatives have been a popular financial instrument for treasury management. But accounting for them can be
dauntingly complex. The author shares some of the FASB's recent guidance on this challenging task.
© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The ten deadly sins of CEOs
Authors: Nair Mohan
Published: October 2002

Failing companies have blamed their troubles on the faltering economy, the 9/11 disaster, and other
things. But it's more likely to be the result of bad decisions by CEOs, says the author, who counsels many
of them. Can you avoid their mistakes? © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How are worldwide accounting standards changing?
Authors: Reinstein Alan , Weirich Thomas R.
Published: October 2002

There's been a difference between U.S., GAAP, and accounting standards elsewhere in the world. But the
IASB has proposed a major revision of its standards. How would things change? And what is the role of the
IASB in “harmonizing” global standards? © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
To ensure ethical reporting and better corporate governance, attack the causes
Authors: Player Steve
Published: October 2002

Tightening accounting rules and even jailing executives who abuse them will not completely solve all the
problems of corporate governance and executive misbehavior we've witnessed over the past few years. The author
argues that investors and regulators would be better served by finding out why executives—and managers at all
levels—engage in such practices and suggests how to attack the disease itself, not just the symptoms.
© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Building public trust and optimizing finance
Authors: Goldberg Stephen R. , Godwin Joseph H.
Published: October 2002

DiPiazza, Samuel A. Jr., and Robert G. Eccles. 2002. Building Public Trust, the Future of Corporate
Reporting (New York: John Wiley & Sons).

Donegan, Michael C. 2002. Growth and Profitability: Optimizing the Finance Function for Small and
Emerging Businesses (New York: John Wiley & Sons).
A LINC demonstrator based on switchable phase shifters
Authors: Tan Jee Seet , Gardner Peter
Published: October 2002

This paper presents a 2 GHz LINC transmitter demonstrator that generates a 16‐QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) signal using switchable phase shifters fabricated on a low cost substrate (FR4, 1.6 mm, εr = 4.6). The number of switch elements required has been reduced from 16 per branch to 6 per branch by a careful analysis of the complete set of combinations required. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 262–264, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10577
NF‐FF transformation with cylindrical scanning from a minimum number of data
Authors: D'Agostino F. , Ferrara F. , Gennarelli C. , Riccio G. , Savarese C.
Published: October 2002

In this paper, an efficient sampling representation for reconstructing the voltage measured by a probe over a cylinder in the antenna NF region from a minimum number of data is proposed, and properly exploited to develop two probe compensated NF–FF transformation techniques. They are based on the theoretical results relevant to the nonredundant representation of electro‐magnetic fields. Numerical examples assess the accuracy and stability of the techniques. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 264–270, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10578
Experimental studies of X‐band leaky‐wave antenna performances
Authors: Ivanchenko I. , Ivanchenko D. , Korolyov A. , Popenko N.
Published: October 2002

In this paper, we present the results of measuring the near‐field and radiation patterns of a novel leaky‐wave antenna. Although the first higher order mode in the antenna can be successfully excited in a wide frequency band, the leaky‐wave radiation is limited to a relatively narrow frequency band of about 1.8 GHz. Outside this band, the antenna radiates as a phased array of local oscillators and demonstrates a multi‐beam radiation pattern. Investigations of modified antenna design have revealed new opportunities to improve antenna characteristics by changing the width and location of the impedance transformer, as well as by inserting electrical dipoles at the fixed locations of standing waves formed along the radiating microstrip line. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 277–281, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10581
Apodized long‐period grating with low insertion loss
Authors: Yang Xiufeng , Guo Xin , Lu Chao , Hiang Cheng Tee
Published: October 2002

The characteristics of an apodized long‐period grating are studied experimentally and theoretically. It has no side‐lobes and almost zero insertion loss in the pass band. Changing the dc and maximum ac index along the z direction of LPG can conveniently control wavelength and the value of peak loss. Suitable spectral profile of gain‐flattening filter with low insertion loss is obtained by writing two or three consecutive apodized sub‐gratings in one fiber with the different UV power level in the second exposure. The experiment results are in good agreement with the simulation results. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 283–286, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10583
Printed dual‐band monopole antenna for 2.4/5.2 GHz WLAN access point
Authors: Tung Hao‐Chun , Fang Shyh‐Tirng , Wong Kin‐Lu
Published: October 2002

A new design of the printed trident monopole antenna for applications in 2.4/5.2 GHz dual‐band wireless local area network (WLAN) access points is presented. The trident monopole antenna comprises a central arm for the 2.4 GHz band (2.4–2.484 GHz) operation and two side arms for the 5.2 GHz band (5.15–5.35 GHz) operation. The obtained impedance bandwidth (1.5:1 VSWR) for a constructed prototype covers the required bandwidths of the 2.4 and 5.2 GHz bands, and the maximum antenna gain reaches about 4.0 and 5.5 dBi across the 2.4 and 5.2 GHz bands, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 286–288, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10585
Scattering by conducting sphere coated with chiral media
Authors: Yung Edward Kai‐Ning , Hu Bin‐Jie
Published: October 2002

Scattering of a plane wave with linear polarization by a chiral‐coating conducting sphere is presented. The expressions for the expansion coefficients of scattered fields and internal fields are obtained. The achiral‐coating and the bare sphere limiting cases for these formulas are examined. The monostatic and bistatic radar cross‐section (RCS) for three different chiral media: a lossless dielectric chirality, a loss dielectric chirality and a loss magnetic chirality are shown. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 288–293, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10586
Two‐port calibration of test fixtures with different test ports
Authors: Chen Zhen Yu , Wang You Lin , Liu Yu , Zhu Ning Hua
Published: October 2002

The open‐short‐load (OSL) method is very simple and widely used for one‐port test fixture calibration. In this paper, this method is extended, for the first time, to the two‐port calibration of test fixtures with different test ports. The problem of phase uncertainty arising in this application has been solved. The comparison between our results and those obtained with the SOLT method shows that the method established is accurate for practical applications. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 299–302, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10589
Analysis of microstrip spiral inductor by using iterative method
Authors: Mami A. , Zairi H. , Gharsallah A. , Baudrand H.
Published: October 2002

An efficient method based on the wave concept introducing a Fast Fourier Transformation on the wave‐guide environment Mode Fast Fourier Transformation (MFFT) for the investigation of a micro‐strip spiral inductor is presented in this paper. This method is used to calculate S‐parameters of an shielded microwave components including air bridges. The general formulation and implementation procedure of the method are described. The theory application is verified by a comparison with experimental data. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 302–306, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10590
Cost‐effective microcontrolled optoelectronic portable color identifier for visual impaired persons
Authors: Pena J. M. S. , Vázquez C. , Pérez I. , Quintana X. , Otón J. M.
Published: October 2002

A hand‐held color‐identifier for blind, color‐blind and vision‐impaired people has been developed. Color data are obtained by balancing the relative intensities of RGB primaries. After a training period, the system is able to identify any arbitrary number of colors. The output is a spoken message, chosen from a preset list. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 309–310, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10592
Enhanced bandwidth microstrip patch antennas loaded with high permittivity dielectric resonators
Authors: Bijumon P. V. , Menon Sreedevi K. , Sebastian M. T. , Mohanan P.
Published: October 2002

A novel technique for the bandwidth enhancement of conventional rectangular microstrip antenna is proposed in this paper. When a high permittivity dielectric resonator of suitable resonant frequency was loaded over the patch, the % bandwidth of the antenna was increased by more than five times without much affecting its gain and radiation performance. A much more improved bandwidth was obtained when the dielectric resonator was placed on the feedline. Experimental study shows a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of more than 10% and excellent cross polarization performance with increased pass band and radiation coverage almost the same as that of rectangular microstrip antenna. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 327–330, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10597
A comparative study of modal dispersion characteristics of different types of concave‐lens‐shaped dielectric waveguides
Authors: Kumar N. , Srivastava S. K. , Ojha S. P.
Published: October 2002

In this paper, we present a comparative study of different types of concave lens‐shaped dielectric waveguides and a dielectric square waveguide. Using the point‐matching technique under the weak‐guidance approximation, a general characteristic equation has been derived and modal dispersion curves are obtained and interpreted. This waveguide cross section may be considered as a distortion of the square waveguide with a transverse compression at one pair of parallel sides in order to form the concave lens shape. Some important insights have been drawn about the comparison of their dispersion curves. It is observed that the cutoff value of the lowest order mode (Vc) increases with an increase in compression depth. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 337–342, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10600
Miniaturized hairpin superconducting filters for telecommunications applications
Authors: Barra M. , Cassinese A. , Cirillo M. , Jacob M. V. , Russo R. , Vaglio R.
Published: October 2002

Using miniaturized hairpin resonators and following the Chebychev model, we have designed and fabricated superconducting filters with a centre frequency of 2.2 GHz and a bandwidth of 5 MHz. The measured unloaded Q‐factor of the resonator fabricated on LaAlO3 using YBCO thin film is 47,000 at 60 K. Prototype filters with three and four poles have been realized by using Nb thin films. The measured performances do not show appreciable degradations up to 10 dBm. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 360–362, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10607
A novel differential equation model for a microstrip low‐pass filter
Authors: Hong J. S. , Liu Y. W. , Wang B. Z. , Mei K. K.
Published: October 2002

How to extract equivalent circuit parameters from full‐wave results is becoming an increasingly important aspect of microstrip filter design. In this paper, a microstrip low‐pass filter that is made of six stubs is analyzed by a novel differential equation whose coefficients are determined from full‐wave numerical solutions. In comparison with the conventional nonuniform transmission line equation, the novel differential equation has two additional terms—dependent series voltage and shunt current sources—which represent local radiation effect from discontinuities of the nonuniform transmission line itself. A whole structure of the above microstrip low‐pass filter can be regarded as a special case with a finite‐length non‐uniform transmission line. Thus, the novel differential equation can be used to analyze this kind of microstrip low‐pass filter. The novel differential equation established at a frequency of 10 GHz could cover a very wide frequency range from 6 GHz to 15 GHz. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 368–370, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10609
Novel periodically loaded multilayer resonators
Authors: Lalehparvar Laleh , Goussetis George , Budimir Djuradj
Published: October 2002

In this paper novel 3D periodic multilayer structures are investigated in MIC technology, and a periodically loaded multilayer waveguide resonant structure is proposed. This is a very compact structure and still maintains simple fabrication process. The resonator is designed at 10 and 28 GHz. The simulated results of this resonator, which is obtained from commercial FEM software package HFSS, are confirmed by experimental results. The experiments are based on the same resonator structure, only at 10 GHz. By modifying the conventional waveguide resonator, with the proposed structure, a minimum 30% shorter resonator can be achieved, which is very important in filter applications. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 374–375, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10611
Reverberation chamber with variable received signal amplitude distribution
Authors: Hallbjörner Paul
Published: October 2002

In standard reverberation chambers the measured signal have a Rayleigh distributed amplitude over different stirrer positions. In this paper, a method is presented by which the amplitude distribution can be varied from Rayleigh to Gauss, by introduction of a constant signal component. Thereby, the chamber can better simulate real mobile communication signal environments. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 376–377, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10612
A new 2D isotropic left‐handed metamaterial design: Theory and experiment
Authors: Marqués R. , Martel J. , Mesa F. , Medina F.
Published: October 2002

A novel design for 2D isotropic left‐handed metamaterials is presented. One of the main advantages of our proposal is that all the metallizations are placed at parallel stratified planes. Thus, this design can be realized by means of the well known, commonly used planar technology. An analytical model is provided for the analysis of this new metamaterial. Numerical results obtained by using this model are validated by experimental simulations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 405–408, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10620
Minimizing the variability of scattering coefficients in multihole directional couplers
Authors: Vicente‐Lozano M. , Rodríguez‐González J. A. , Ares‐Pena F.
Published: October 2002

In this paper, a technique to minimize the variability of the scattering coefficients in multihole directional couplers is shown. The technique also controls important features of the frequency response like bandwidth and minimum directivity. Several examples are presented to show the method's capabilities. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 412–413, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10622