bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drastic evolution of point defects in vertically grown ZnO nanorods induced by lithium ion implantation
Authors: Das Amaresh , Basak Durga
Published: September 2022

The evolution of various point defects in 100 keV Li ion-implanted ZnO nanorods by varying the fluences from 1 × 1014 to 7 × 1015 ions per cm2 has been investigated experimentally and using a theoretical Monte Carlo simulation code named SRIM.
Disentangling sequential and concerted fragmentations of molecular polycations with covariant native frame analysis
Authors: McManus Joseph W. , Walmsley Tiffany , Nagaya Kiyonobu , Harries James R. , Kumagai Yoshiaki , Iwayama Hiroshi , Ashfold Michael N.R. , Britton Mathew , Bucksbaum Philip H. , Downes-Ward Briony , Driver Taran , Heathcote David , Hockett Paul , Howard Andrew J. , Kukk Edwin , Lee Jason W. L. , Liu Yusong , Milesevic Dennis , Minns Russell S. , Niozu Akinobu , Niskanen Johannes , Orr-Ewing Andrew J. , Owada Shigeki , Rolles Daniel , Robertson Patrick A. , Rudenko Artem , Ueda Kiyoshi , Unwin James , Vallance Claire , Burt Michael , Brouard Mark , Forbes Ruaridh , Allum Felix
Published: September 2022

Using covariance analysis methods, we study the fragmentation dynamics of multiply ionized 1- and 2-iodopropane. Signatures of isomer-specific nuclear motion occurring during sequential fragmentation pathways are identified.
Unveiling solvation structure and desolvation dynamics of hybrid electrolytes for ultralong cyclability and facile kinetics of Zn–Al alloy anodes
Authors: Dou Qingyun , Yao Nan , Pang Wei Kong , Park Yeonju , Xiong Peixun , Han Xiaotong , Rana Harpalsinh H. , Chen Xiang , Fu Zhong-Heng , Thomsen Lars , Cowie Bruce , Kang Yingbo , Liu Qin , Min Dong Hyun , Jung Young Mee , Guo Zaiping , Zhang Qiang , Park Ho Seok
Published: September 2022

Weak Al3+–solvent interactions and facile desolvation for ultralong stability of Zn–Al alloy anodes.
Effects of different N-acyl homoserine lactones on the performance of high ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment: a bioaugmentation strategy at room and low temperature
Authors: Hu Huizhi , Luo Feng , Liu Yirong
Published: September 2022

The same AHL behaves quite differently at room and low temperature, indicating that AHL-based regulatory strategies should be selected according to operating conditions.
Recent developments in electrode materials for the selective upgrade of biomass-derived platform molecules into high-value-added chemicals and fuels
Authors: Fan Ziyi , Zhang Wenjun , Li Liang , Wang Yuqiao , Zou Yuqin , Wang Shuangyin , Chen Zupeng
Published: September 2022

The electrocatalytic upgrade of biomass-derived platform molecules (alcohols, furans and carboxylic acids) into high-value-added chemicals and fuels is expected to compensate for traditional organic synthesis based on nonrenewable fossil resources.
Data processing made easy: standalone tool for automated calculation of isotope ratio from transient signals – IsoCor
Authors: Tukhmetova Dariya , Lisec Jan , Vogl Jochen , Meermann Björn
Published: September 2022

A data processing application (App) IsoCor facilitating automatic calculation of isotope ratios from transient signals was introduced. IsoCor performs baseline subtraction, peak detection, mass bias correction, isotope ratio and delta calculation.
3D printed field-deployable microfluidic systems for the separation and assay of Pu in nuclear forensics
Authors: Glennon Kevin J. , Valdovinos Hector F. , Parsons-Davis Tashi , Shusterman Jennifer A. , Servis Anna G. , Moody Kenton J. , Gharibyan Narek
Published: September 2022

Pu is separated from excess U and isotopically assayed using our novel microfluidic platform designed to miniaturize traditional laboratory techniques into a field-deployable system for rapid nuclear forensics in post-detonation nuclear scenarios.
A fluorescent sensor array based on three kinds of carbon dots for identification of hydroxybenzaldehyde and nitrobenzaldehyde isomers
Authors: Yu Jinfa , Sun Xiangying , Chen Yiyang
Published: September 2022

A fluorescent sensor array based on three kinds of different CDs exhibited diverse fluorescence patterns for each hydroxybenzaldehyde and nitrobenzaldehyde isomer, which were further analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA).
Synthesis and thermal properties of the heterometallic nickel–ruthenium complex: a potential precursor for catalytically active nanosized Ni–Ru alloy
Authors: Filatov E. Yu , Borodin A. O. , Kuratieva N. V. , Plusnin P. E. , Urlukov A. S. , Potemkin D. I. , Korenev S. V. , Kostin G. A.
Published: September 2022

Thermal decomposition of the novel heterometallic complex [RuNO(NO2)4OHNi(En)2] results in a single-phase metastable solid solution Ni0.5Ru0.5. The catalytic activity of the prepared nanoalloy in the CO methanation reaction was demonstrated.
Leak-free and shape-stabilized phase change composites with radial spherical SiO2 scaffolds for thermal management
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Zhou Jialiang , Chen Ziye , Hu Zexu , Innocent Mugaanire Tendo , Yin Siyu , Xiang Hengxue , Wen Jin , Zhu Meifang
Published: September 2022

A shape-stabilized phase change composite with high heat resistance was prepared by the strategy of adsorbing the phase change medium PEG by radial spherical SiO2 (RSSiO2) nanospheres.
Facile synthesis of amino-functionalized indium-based metal–organic frameworks and their superior light photocatalytic activity for degradation of tetracycline in water
Authors: Wang Xiao , Liu Kaihang , Luo Tao , Zhang Yong , Huang Jian , Zhang Hua , Xi Shanshan , Wang Jinhua , Zhao Bingbing , Peng Fumin
Published: September 2022

The synthesized MIL-68(In)-NH2 photocatalyzed the degradation of tetracycline under visible light irradiation.
A novel 2D metal–organic framework probe: a highly sensitive and visual fluorescent sensor for Al3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+ ions
Authors: Shi Min , Fu Chenchen , Yu Jie , Yang Yapu , Shi Pengfei
Published: September 2022

A novel 2D MOF Tb-DBA was constructed. Tb-DBA could detect Al3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+ ions rapidly, sensitively, selectively, reversibly and visually. Tb-DBA represents a promising material for the quick detection of metal ions in aqueous solution.
A ZnO/ZnFe2O4 n–n heterojunction and Au loading synergistically improve the sensing performance of acetone
Authors: Qin Qixuan , Li Asu , Fan Yizhuo , Zhang Xindong
Published: September 2022

Response of an AAZF sensor to real breath samples from healthy volunteers and diabetic patients.
Dual-channel control of ferroelastic domains in a host–guest inclusion compound
Authors: Liu Jun-Chao , Di Fang-Fang , Zeng Yi-Piao , Chen Wu-Jia , Huang Xiao-Yun , Luo Yan-Ling , Zhu Xuan , Zhou Lin , Tang Yuan-Yuan
Published: September 2022

By replacing [PF6]−with the larger [TFSA]−, the phase transition temperature is increased from 305 K to 342 K in a host–guest inclusion ferroelastic crystal, [(3,4-DFA)(18-crown-6)][TFSA], which can realize dual-channel (thermal and stress) control of ferroelastic domains.
Cross-sectional structure evolution of phase-separated spin-coated ethylcellulose/hydroxypropylcellulose films during solvent quenching
Authors: Carmona Pierre , von Corswant Christian , Röding Magnus , Särkkä Aila , Olsson Eva , Lorén Niklas
Published: September 2022

The EC/HPC/EtOH phase diagram could be estimated from the CLSM monitoring of the cross-sectionalin situphase separation. The findings of this work provide a good understanding of the structure evolution.
Cold atmospheric plasma driven self-assembly in serum proteins: insights into the protein aggregation to biomaterials
Authors: Khanikar Rakesh Ruchel , Kalita Parismita , Narzary Monika , Basumatary Deepjyoti , Bharati Ashim Jyoti , Priyadarshi Anurag , Swaminathan R. , Bailung Heremba , Sankaranarayanan Kamatchi
Published: September 2022

Self-assembly of proteins after CAP treatment.
Simple synthesis of a hierarchical LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C cathode by investigation of iron sources for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Yuanchao , Xing Baoyan , Zhang Huishuang , Wang Mengjie , Yang Li , Xu Guangri , Yang Shuting
Published: September 2022

A hierarchical porous LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C (N-LMFP) was synthesized by a simple solid-state method beneficial for engineering applications. The fine particle and hierarchical porous structure enable a superior rate performance of the N-LMFP sample.
Organocatalytic asymmetric azidation of sulfoxonium ylides: mild synthesis of enantioenriched α-azido ketones bearing a labile tertiary stereocenter
Authors: Guo Wengang , Jiang Feng , Li Shijia , Sun Jianwei
Published: September 2022

An organocatalytic asymmetric H–N3 insertion of α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides has been developed, providing efficient access to α-azido ketones bearing labile tertiary stereocenters and complementing the metal carbene insertion chemistry.
Li+-intercalated carbon cloth for anode-free Li-ion batteries with unprecedented cyclability
Authors: Ikhe Amol Bhairuba , Park Woon Bae , Han Su Cheol , Seo Jung Yong , Han Suyeon , Sohn Kee-Sun , Pyo Myoungho
Published: September 2022

A robust SEI on carbon cloth (CC) enabled near-perfect Li plating/stripping. CC functions as an ideal current collector in anode-free Li-ion batteries (AFLIBs), where LiFePO4 showed unprecedented cyclability (91% retention over 3000 cycles).
Copper nanocrystalline-doped folic acid-based super carbon dots for an enhanced antitumor effect in response to tumor microenvironment stimuli
Authors: Xia Qing , Zhang Ying , Zhang Hui , Zhang Xiong , Wu Xiaodan , Wang Zhiqiang , Yan Rui , Jin Yingxue
Published: September 2022

Copper nanocrystalline-doped folic acid-based super carbon dots (FA-CDs@Cux) were prepared to realize an enhanced antitumor effect in response to tumor microenvironment stimuli.
Polydopamine decorated MoS2 nanosheet based electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in clinical samples
Authors: Yadav Shalu , Abubakar Sadique Mohd. , Ranjan Pushpesh , Khan Raju , Sathish N. , Srivastava Avanish K.
Published: September 2022

Owing to the superior affinity of the MoS2-PDA nanocomposite towards the SARS-CoV-2 N protein, the proposed electrochemical immunosensor exhibits an ultra-low detection limit.
A Raman/fluorescence dual-modal imaging guided synergistic photothermal and photodynamic therapy nanoplatform for precision cancer theranostics
Authors: Fu Lili , Huang Yan , Hou Junjun , Sun Mingzhao , Wang Lingxiao , Wang Xiaoyan , Chen Lingxin
Published: September 2022

A nanoplatform that integrates hypoxia-responsive fluorescent probe function as well as imaging and therapeutic functions is developed.
Gold nanocluster composites: preparation strategies, optical and catalytic properties, and applications
Authors: Wu Fang-Nan , Zhu Jian , Weng Guo-Jun , Li Jian-Jun , Zhao Jun-Wu
Published: September 2022

This review systematically summarizes the preparation strategies of gold nanocluster composites, analyzes their properties, and discusses their applications in sensing, bioimaging, and catalysis.
Continuity of thin layers of an organic semiconductor induced by the modification of the gate insulator
Authors: Łuczak Adam , Waliszewski Witold , Jerczyński Krzysztof , Wypych-Puszkarz Aleksandra , Rogowski Jacek , Pietrasik Joanna , Kozanecki Marcin , Ulański Jacek , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: September 2022

The change in the crystallization process of an organic semiconductor layer in the presence of a small amount of TiO2 nanoparticles from the Volmer–Weber mode to the Stranski–Krastanov mode is reported and explained.
Stable lanthanide metal–organic frameworks as ratiometric fluorescent probes for the efficient detection of riboflavin
Authors: Sun Xue-Chun , Cong Zhen-Zhong , Wu Shuang-Yan , Zhang Ying , Zhu Ming-Chang , Bai Xiao-Jue
Published: September 2022

A stable Ln-MOF architecture with tunable luminescence properties has been successfully prepared, showing excellent performance towards the fluorescence detection of riboflavin.
Natural ginkgo tree leaves as piezo-energy harvesters
Authors: Shao Dingyun , Wang Chuanfeng , Li Wei , Lu Liang , Lu Jun , Yang Weiqing
Published: September 2022

This study presents the first discovery that natural ginkgo tree leaves can be a compelling green piezoelectric material for developing eco-friendly transient energy devices.
Two-dimensional black phosphorus-modified Cs2AgBiBr6 with efficient charge separation for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Song Kunpeng , Gou Jiaojiao , Wu Lin , Zeng Chunmei
Published: September 2022

Two-dimensional black phosphorus anchored on Cs2AgBiBr6 by electrostatic coupling and used as an electronic accelerator, transmitted by a Z-scheme heterojunction in the interface of the catalyst to transfer electrons and further produce hydrogen.
Enhancement of fluorescence and photostability of luminescent radicals by quadruple addition of phenyl groups
Authors: Mattiello Sara , Hattori Yohei , Kitajima Ryota , Matsuoka Ryota , Kusamoto Tetsuro , Uchida Kingo , Beverina Luca
Published: September 2022

A photostable luminescent radical with four 4-methoxyphenyl groups showed bright fluorescence in nonpolar solvents. A photostable luminescent radical with four phenyl groups exhibited bright fluorescence also in polar solvents and PMMA film.
Effortful Listening Despite Correct Responses: The Cost of Mental Repair in Sentence Recognition by Listeners With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Winn Matthew B. , Teece Katherine H.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Speech recognition percent correct scores fail to capture the effort of mentally repairing the perception of speech that was initially misheard. This study measured the effort of listening to stimuli specifically designed to elicit mental repair in adults who use cochlear implants (CIs).

Method:

CI listeners heard and repeated sentences in which specific words were distorted or masked by noise but recovered based on later context: a signature of mental repair. Changes in pupil dilation were tracked as an index of effort and time-locked with specific landmarks during perception.

Results:

Effort significantly increases when a listener needs to repair a misperceived word, even if the verbal response is ultimately correct. Mental repair of words in a sentence was accompanied by greater prevalence of errors
elsewhere
in the same sentence, suggesting that effort spreads to consume resources across time. The cost of mental repair in CI listeners was essentially the same as that observed in listeners with normal hearing in previous work.

Conclusions:

Listening effort as tracked by pupil dilation is better explained by the mental repair and reconstruction of words rather than the appearance of correct or incorrect perception. Linguistic coherence drives effort more heavily than the mere presence of mistakes, highlighting the importance of testing materials that do not constrain coherence by design.
Connecting flying backhauls of unmanned aerial vehicles to enhance vehicular networks with fixed 5G NR infrastructure
Authors: Popescu Dalia , Jacquet Philippe , Mans Bernard
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates moving networks of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to extend connectivity and guarantee data rates in the 5G by analysing possible hovering locations based on limitations such as flight time and coverage. The authors provide analytic bounds on the requirements in terms of connectivity extension for vehicular networks served by fixed Enhanced Mobile BroadBand infrastructure, where both vehicular networks and infrastructures are modelled using stochastic and fractal geometry as a model for urban environment. The authors prove that assuming n mobile nodes (distributed according to a hyperfractal distribution of dimension dF) and an average of ρ Next Generation NodeB (gNBs), distributed like a hyperfractal of dimension dr if ρ = nθ with θ > dr/4 and letting n tending to infinity (to reflect megalopolis cities), then the average fraction of mobile nodes not covered by a gNB tends to zero like . Interestingly, the authors prove that the average number of drones, needed to connect each mobile node not covered by gNBs, is comparable to the number of isolated mobile nodes. The authors complete the characterisation by proving that when θ < dr/4 the proportion of covered mobile nodes tends to zero. The authors offer insights on the placement of the ‘garage of drones’, the home location of these nomadic infrastructure nodes, to minimise the ‘flight‐to‐coverage time’. The authors provide a fast procedure to select the relays that will be garages (and store drones) in order to minimise the number of garages and minimise the delay. The authors’ analytical results are confirmed using simulations in Matlab.
Applicability of two hybrid sound prediction methods for assessing in-duct sound absorbers of turbocharger compressors
Authors: Freidhager Clemens , Schoder Stefan , Maurerlehner Paul , Renz Andreas , Becker Stefan , Kaltenbacher Manfred
Published: September 2022

We analyze the differences between the Ffowcs–Williams and Hawking’s approach and a new sound propagation approach based on the finite element method used for solving Lighthill’s aeroacoustic wave equation for compressible flows. In addition, we discuss the applicability of both methods. The sound propagation approach based on Lighthill’s equation introduces a flow-interface boundary condition, similar to permeable boundaries in the Ffowcs–Williams and Hawking’s analogy, which allows the omission of complex geometries in propagation domains. This enables to reduce numeric effort and storage requirements. Thereby, the hybrid aeroacoustic workflow is considered, for which aeroacoustic source terms are computed to couple a flow and a separated acoustic propagation simulation. We present an extensive investigation of Lighthill’s source terms in the sense of the proposed weak formulation of Lighthill’s equation. For validation, measurements from a cold gas test rig are used. In addition, the possibilities of applying both sound propagation methods for investigating the influence of resonators and sound absorbers are discussed.
Aktuelles zur RA-ILD
Authors: Schreiber Tina , Hagmeyer Lars , Kofler David M. , Kubacki Torsten , Frank Konrad , Randerath Winfried J.
Published: September 2022

Die interstitielle Lungenerkrankung bedingt durch eine rheumatoide Arthritis (RA-ILD) hat eine hohe klinische Relevanz. Sie beeinflusst nicht nur die Lebensqualität, sondern hat auch einen erheblichen Anteil an der Mortalität der rheumatoiden Arthritis. Eine RA-ILD kann sich mit allen radiologischen und histopathologischen Mustern präsentieren, die auch bei anderen interstitiellen Pneumonien auftreten. Dabei hat ein diffuser Alveolarschaden (diffuse alveolar damage, DAD), gefolgt von einer gewöhnlichen interstitiellen Pneumonie (usual interstital pneumonia, UIP) die schlechteste Prognose. Zudem hat eine akute Exazerbation der RA-ILD, welche zu jedem Zeitpunkt der Erkrankung auftreten kann, eine hohe Letalität. Ein Algorithmus zur Diagnostik und Therapie der RA-ILD ist ausstehend und wird in folgendem Beitrag thematisiert. Neben Immunsuppressiva und krankheitsmodifizierenden Medikamenten (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, DMARD) gewannen zuletzt Antifibrotika in der Therapie der RA-ILD an Bedeutung.
Roboter-assistierte Hemihepatektomie links mittels Glissonean pedicle approach bei Caroli Syndrom
Authors: Birgin Emrullah , Reissfelder Christoph , Rahbari Nuh N.
Published: September 2022

Zielsetzung Das Caroli-Syndrom ist eine seltene Gallenwegserkrankung, die durch eine nicht obstruktive Dilatation der intrahepatischen Gallenwege, Leberfibrose und ein erhöhtes
Risiko für ein cholangiozelluläres Karzinom charakterisiert ist. Eine Leberresektion ist beim lokalen Befund die Therapie der Wahl und wird in der Literatur zunehmend minimalinvasiv
durchgeführt. Allerdings wurde in der Literatur bisher eine roboterassistierte Leberresektion beim Caroli-Syndrom nicht beschrieben. Indikation Eine 72-jährige asiatische Patientin
wurde mit einer multifokalen zystischen Dilatation der Lebersegmente II, III und IV unserer Klinik vorgestellt. Bis auf eine konventionelle Appendektomie waren keine weiteren Voroperationen
und Vorerkrankungen, insbesondere keine kongenitalen Zysten, bekannt. Die Leberfunktionsparameter waren unauffällig und die Echinokokkus-Serologie fiel negativ aus. Die MRT-Schnittbildgebung
zeigte eine reguläre Gallenwegsanatomie der rechten Leber. Eine roboterassistierte Hemihepatektomie links mit dem Da Vinci Xi-System wurde geplant. Methode Die roboterassistierte
Hemihepatektomie links wurde in einer Französischlagerung durchgeführt. Zunächst erfolgte eine Adhäsiolyse und Cholezystektomie. Eine aberrante Leberarterie aus der A. gastrica sinistra
wurde mithilfe von Clips abgesetzt. Nach Senkung der hilären Platte wurde der linke Pedikel en bloc mittels Glissonean Pedicle Approach umfahren und mit einer Bulldog-Klemme ausgeklemmt.
Eine ischämische Demarkationslinie zur rechten Leber zeichnete sich auf der Leberoberfläche ab. Die Parenchymdissektion wurde mittels bipolarer Pinzette durchgeführt. Ein Pringle-Manöver
wurde nicht angewendet. Der linke Pedikel und die linke Lebervene wurden mit einem robotischen Linearstapler abgesetzt und die mittlere Lebervene erhalten. Die regelrechte Perfusion der
Restleber inkl. Segment I wurde mittels intravenöser Indocyaningrünapplikation (ICG) in einer Dosierung von 0,2 mg/kg Körpergewicht bestätigt. Das Resektat wurde in einen Bergebeutel
verbracht und über einen Pfannenstiel-Schnitt geborgen. Die OP-Zeit betrug 239 min mit einem Gesamtblutverlust von 100 ml. Die Patientin wurde am 5. postoperativen Tag entlassen. Der
histologische Befund bestätigte ein Caroli-Syndrom. In der 6-Monats-Verlaufskontrolle hatte die Patientin eine regelrechte Leberfunktion ohne Zeichen einer rezidivierenden Erkrankung.
Schlussfolgerung Eine Hemihepatektomie links ist in der Glissonean-Pedicle-Approach-Technik sicher roboterassistiert durchführbar und ein geeignetes Verfahren für die Therapie des
Caroli-Syndroms.
Total Synthesis of Marine-Derived Azole Resistant Antifungal Agent (–)-Melearoride A and Antibiotic (–)-PF1163B
Authors: Pabbaraja Srihari , Yasam Bharath Kumar
Published: September 2022

A flexible stereoselective and convergent cum divergent approach to the synthesis of two 13-membered macrolides through a common skeleton present in their structure is described featuring two different routes, with good overall yield. The key synthetic reactions utilized include Keck allylation, Evans asymmetric methylation, Grubbs metathesis, and Julia–Kocienski olefination.
Copper Nitrate Mediated Regioselective Difunctionalization of Alkenes with N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide: A Direct Approach to β-Aminonitrates
Authors: Ding Chang-Hua , Xu Bin , Zhou Kaijing , Yin Li , Guo Ying
Published: September 2022

An efficient copper nitrate mediated difunctionalization of alkenes with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) has been developed for the direct synthesis of β-aminonitrates in moderate to excellent yields with high regioselectivity. This reaction proceeds through a radical process, where copper nitrate is used as the nitrate source and NFSI as the nitrogen source. The given protocol provides a direct access to functionalized nitrates with operational simplicity, good functional group tolerance, and a wide substrate scope. The reaction can be performed on a gram scale and the synthetic utility of the product is demonstrated.
Starting gastrointestinal endoscopy in a lower middle-income country in Africa: Training, creating an endoscopy facility and developing telemedicine
Authors: Campos Sara T. , Barreto Lagchar , Fernandes Vítor , Meira Tânia , Portela Francisco , Carreira Cátia , Nunes Ana Margarida , d’Apresentação Pascoal , Barreto Laurinda , Lima Wrciley , da Costa Dʼjarda , Zhaky Ahmed , Freitas Paulo
Published: September 2022

Background and study aims The prevalence of digestive diseases seems to be high in African countries. Nonetheless, the human and material resources are scarce. The aim of the Portuguese volunteering project described in this report was to develop the specialty of digestive endoscopy in Sao Tome and Principe, a lower-middle-income country in Africa.

Methods Beginning by assessing the local needs and available resources and managing immediate issues related to this field, we aimed to provide the tools necessary to improve gastroenterological and endoscopic care in the country. The first step included training of the local teams, through the development and accomplishment of an adapted curriculum for a 3-year medical gastroenterological fellowship and a short-term nursing fellowship, both in Portugal, and the organization of regular gastroenterological and endoscopic theoretical and practical sessions in Sao Tome and Principe. Second, the endoscopy facilities of the unit were significantly optimized. Third, a web platform was designed to provide telemedicine incorporating real-time endoscopic imaging available remotely.

Results Through these sequential steps achieved in collaboration with Portuguese and local teams, this 5-year project provided the basis for gastroenterology care in this country.

Conclusions At the present time, Sao Tome and Principe has an autonomous, efficient and skilled team and unit to provide care for patients with gastrointestinal diseases who need endoscopic procedures.
A new device for endoscopic band ligation for colorectal diverticular bleeding
Authors: Kikuchi Daisuke , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Uruga Hironori , Fujii Takeshi , Ochiai Yorinari , Hoteya Shu
Published: September 2022

Background and study aims Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) has been reported to be effective for colorectal diverticular bleeding. However, current EBL devices have some limitations, and we have developed a novel EBL device.

Methods This novel EBL device has a tapered hood attached to the tip of the endoscope and an outer cylinder that loads two EBL bands. Twelve EBL procedures were performed in a live porcine model alternately using a conventional EBL device (Group C) and the novel EBL device (Group N).

Results EBL was successful in all cases in both groups. There were no cases of perforation in the 10 days after EBL. After ligation, the mean major axis of the ridge was significantly larger in Group N than Group C (9.7 ± 1.4 mm vs 7.2 ± 1.4 mm, P = 0.011). Pathological examination revealed disruption of the muscularis propria at four of the six ligation sites in Group C and at five of the six ligation sites in Group N.

Conclusions Using this novel EBL device, it was possible to perform multiple ligation procedures in succession with a good field of view. No perforation was observed, but disruption of the muscularis propria was observed at approximately three-quarters of the ligation sites pathologically.
One-Pot, Base- and Metal-Free Practical Synthesis of Novel Cycloalkene-Fused [1,4]Thiazepines through the Sequential Ugi/SNCsp2 Reactions
Authors: Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Takallou Ahmad , Al-Shidhani Sulaiman , Anwar Muhammad U.
Published: September 2022

A one-pot and sequential Ugi/SNCsp2 four-component reaction was introduced for the synthesis of cycloalkene-fused [1,4]thiazepine derivatives. A variety of cyclic β-bromovinyl aldehyde with different sizes, amines, and isocyanides were reacted with thioglycolic acid. This approach can provide a practical and rapid access to the fused bioactive cycloalkene structures containing thiazepine, and peptide unit, which proved the achievement of a significant structural diversity. Further use of this method has been successfully applied in synthesizing a variety of quinoline-fused [1,4]thiazepines with satisfactory results. The practical nature of this approach was demonstrated by a gram-scale synthesis of a selected product.
Total Synthesis of Geranyl-Resorcinols Isolated from Mushrooms of Genus Hericium
Authors: Kobayashi Shoji
Published: September 2022

This Short Review covers the total synthesis of tetraketide-based meroterpenoids, i.e. geranyl-resorcinols, isolated from the mushrooms of genus Hericium. Some of these compounds are believed to be involved in the unique health-promoting effects of Hericium erinaceus. Herein, more than seventy natural products identified so far have been classified into seven-types based on both assumed biosynthetic pathways and chemical structures, and the successful total syntheses are summarized according to the structural type.

1 Introduction

2 Pioneering Synthetic Study

3 Total Synthesis of Geranyl-Resorcinol with a Geranyl Side Chain (Types 1, 3, and 6)

4 Total Synthesis of Geranyl-Resorcinol with an Oxidized Geranyl-Derived Side Chain (Types 2, 4, and 7)

5 Conclusion
The Association of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) A1298C
Gene Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Diabetic Nephropathy: A
Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huo Yanhong , Zhang Wenbo , Zhang Xin , Su Li , Li Hao , Wang Fa , Zhang Yan
Published: September 2022

This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between MTHFR
A1298C polymorphism and susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. PubMed, Embase,
Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI)
and China Wanfang database were searched for studies on the association between
MTHFR A1298C single nucleotide polymorphism and susceptibility to diabetic
nephropathy until May 2022. Data were analyzed by Stata 15.0 software. Odds
ratio (OR) was used as the effect size. A total of 7 articles were identified,
including 1287 cases in the diabetic nephropathy group and 1431 cases in the
control group. The pooled OR of allele C at MTHFR A1298C was 1.28 (95%
CI: 1.02–1.59, p=0.03) compared with allele A. The pooled OR
values of dominant, and heterozygous genetic models were 1.45 (95% CI:
1.13–1.86), and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.19–1.70), respectively,
and the differences were all statistically significant. There was no statistical
significance in the recessive (OR=1.06, 95% CI:
0.62–1.82), and homozygous gene inheritance models (OR=1.29,
95% CI: 0.72–2.31). In conclusion, MTHFR A1298C polymorphism is
associated with susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. Allele C, genotype
CC+AC, and AC at MTHFR A1298C locus can increase the risk of diabetic
nephropathy.
Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection Treated with Daclatasvir/Sofosbuvir in a 9-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Rahmani Parisa , Farahmand Fatemeh , Heidari Ghobad
Published: September 2022

The present study includes a case report of a 9-year-old boy who came to our center with jaundice, elevated liver enzymes, and palpable liver. He was treated with ursodeoxycholic acid, but no improvement in symptoms was seen. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and liver biopsy were positive for hepatitis C virus. He was treated with daclatasvir/sofosbuvir for 3 months. Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir might be effective against the treatment of hepatitis in children, with no report of remission and minimal side effects.
The Role of Codon Usage, tRNA Availability, and Cell Proliferation in EBV Latency and (Re)Activation
Authors: Kanduc Darja
Published: September 2022

Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) protein synthesis is inhibited during Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) latency and is resumed in EBV (re)activation. In analyzing the molecular mechanisms underpinning the translation of EBNA1 in the human host, this article deals with two orders of data. First, it shows that the heavily biased codon usage of the EBNA1 open reading frame cannot be translated due to its noncompliance with the human codon usage pattern and the corresponding tRNA pool. The EBNA1 codon bias resides in the sequence composed exclusively of glycine and alanine, i.e., the Gly-Ala repeat (GAR). Removal of the nucleotide sequence coding for GAR results in an EBNA1 codon usage pattern with a lower codon bias, thus conferring translatability to EBNA1. Second, the data bring cell proliferation to the fore as a conditio sine qua non for qualitatively and quantitatively modifying the host's tRNA pool as required by the translational needs of EBNA1, thus enabling viral reactivation. Taken together, the present work provides a biochemical mechanism for the pathogen's shift from latency to (re)activation and confirms the role of human codon usage as a first-line tool of innate immunity in inhibiting pathogens' expression. Immunologically, this study cautions against using codon optimization and proliferation-inducing substances such as glucocorticoids and adjuvants, which can (re)activate the otherwise quiescent, asymptomatic, and innocuous EBV infection. Lastly, the data pose the question whether the causal pathogenic role attributed to EBV should instead be ascribed to the carcinogenesis-associated cellular proliferation.
The Effect of Aminophylline on Urine Output and Fluid Balance after a Single Dose in Children Admitted to the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Loomba Rohit S. , Uppuluri Sruti , Chandra Priya , Yousef Faeeq , Dorsey Vincent , Farias Juan S. , Flores Saul , Villarreal Enrique G.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the effects of a single dose of aminophylline on urine output and fluid balance in children admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit. A retrospective study was performed to compare variables of interest before and 24 hours after aminophylline administration in children under the age of 18 years who were admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit at our institution from January 2011 onwards. Variables of interest included age, weight, aminophylline dose, concurrently administered diuretics, specific hemodynamic parameters, and blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Variables such as urine output and fluid balance were measured through a binary endpoint. Data were compared in a paired fashion and continuous variables were compared through paired t-tests. Analyses were conducted using SPSS Version 23.0. A total of 14 patients were included in the study. There was no significant change in hemodynamic parameters or creatinine levels before and after intravenous aminophylline administration of 5 mg/kg. There was a significant difference in urine output, fluid balance, and blood urea nitrogen levels from the baseline value. Concurrent usage of diuretics did not show significant association with a difference in urine output or fluid balance from baseline. No significant adverse reactions were noted 24 hours after administration of aminophylline. Use of aminophylline dosed at 5 mg/kg is safe and leads to improvement in urine output and fluid balance without negatively impacting systemic oxygen delivery or renal filtration function.
Risk Factors for Left Ventricular Thrombus Formation in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wu Hao-Sheng , Dong Jian-Zeng , Du Xin , Hu Rong , Jia Chang-Qi , Li Xu , Wu Jia-Hui , Ruan Yan-Fei , Yu Rong-Hui , Long De-Yong , Ning Man , Sang Cai-Hua , Jiang Chen-Xi , Bai Rong , Wen Song-Nan , Liu Nian , Li Song-Nan , Wang Wei , Guo Xue-Yuan , Zhao Xin , Zuo Song , Cui Yi-Kai , Tang Ri-Bo , Ma Chang-Sheng
Published: September 2022

Background Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) is a common complication of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), causing morbidity and mortality.

Methods This study retrospectively analyzed patients with DCM from January 2002 to August 2020 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital. Clinical characteristics were compared between the LVT group and the age and sex 1:4 matched with the LVT absent group. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of D-dimer predicting LVT occurrence in DCM.

Results A total of 3,134 patients were screened, and LVT was detected in 72 (2.3%) patients on echocardiography. The patients with LVT had higher D-dimer, fibrinogen, and lower systolic blood pressure than those without LVT. The ejection fraction (EF) was lower and left ventricular end-systolic diameter was larger in the LVT group. Severe mitral regurgitation (MR) was more common in the LVT absent groups. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation was lower in the LVT group. The ROC curve analysis yielded an optimal cut-off value of 444 ng/mL DDU (D-dimer units) for D-dimer to predict the presence of LVT. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis revealed that EF (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.86–0.95), severe MR (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.08–0.48), and D-dimer level (OR = 15.4, 95% CI = 7.58–31.4) were independently associated with LVT formation.

Conclusion This study suggested that elevated D-dimer levels (>444 ng/mL DDU) and reduced EF were independently associated with increased risk of LVT formation. Severe MR could decrease the incidence of LVT.
Myoclonus-Dystonia in an Individual with a Mutation in the GRIN2A Gene
Authors: Al Qahtani Xena , Multhaupt-Buell Trisha , Sharma Nutan , Dy-Hollins Marisela E.
Published: September 2022

Mutations in the GRIN2A gene are associated with epilepsy-aphasia spectrum disorders and developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Associations have been linked with disorders, including autism spectrum disorder and Parkinson's disease. Recently, GRIN2A variants have been reported as a cause of movement disorders in individuals without epilepsy, suggesting that movement disorders should be highlighted as a genetic phenotype associated with pathogenic variants in GRIN2A. We present a case of a male with myoclonus dystonia and without epilepsy found on whole-exome sequencing to have a c.1880G > A; p.S627N variant in the GRIN2A gene. Our case contributes to the expanding phenotypic spectrum of GRIN2A-related disorders and highlights another genetic cause of the myoclonus-dystonia phenotype. GRIN2A should be considered a part of the differential diagnosis of myoclonus-dystonia in individuals with developmental delay without epilepsy.
Temporal Trend of COVID-19 Clinical Severity and the Ethnic/Racial Disparity: A Report from the Maryland Study Group
Authors: Cojocaru Liviu , Pahlavan Autusa , Tadbiri Hooman , Seung Hyunuk , Reddy Ramya , Mangione Mary E. , Uribe Katelyn , Ufua Michelle , Stockett Arica M. , Jones-Beatty Kimberly , Burd Irina , Turan Ozhan M. , Turan Sifa
Published: September 2022

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the temporal trend of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms and severity of clinical outcomes among pregnant women over a calendar year in the State of Maryland and compare clinical outcomes between different ethnic and racial groups.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective, multicenter observational study of the temporal trend of COVID-19 clinical presentation during pregnancy in the State of Maryland. We reviewed consecutive charts of adult pregnant females, aged 18 to 55 years, with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection between March 1, 2020, and February 28, 2021, and managed within the University of Maryland Medical System and Johns Hopkins Medicine. We excluded cases with insufficient data for assessing the COVID-19 diagnosis, pregnancy status, or clinical outcomes. We evaluated the evolution of COVID-19 symptoms at the time of presentation. Also, we compared COVID-19 infection rate, hospitalization rate, oxygen use, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates between different ethnic and racial groups.

Results We included 595 pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 over the study period. The prevalence of respiratory and systemic symptoms decreased over time with incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of 0.91 per month (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–0.95) and 0.87 per month (95% CI: 0.83–0.95), respectively. The prevalence of hospitalization, O2 requirement, and ICU admission decreased over time with IRRs of 0.86 per month (95% CI: 0.82–0.91), 0.91 per month (95% CI: 0.84–0.98), and 0.70 per month (95% CI: 0.57–0.85), respectively. The Hispanic and Black populations had a higher COVID-19 infection rate and hospitalization rate than the non-Hispanic White population (p = 0.004, < 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion Understanding the concepts of viral evolution could potentially help the fight against pandemics like COVID-19. Moreover, this might improve the knowledge of how pandemics affect disadvantaged populations and help close the gap in health care inequities.

Key Points
Continuous symmetry breaking along the Nishimori line
Authors: Garban Christophe , Spencer Thomas
Published: September 2022

We prove continuous symmetry breaking in three dimensions for a special class of disordered models described by the Nishimori line. The spins take values in a group, such as S1, SU(n) or SO(n). Our proof is based on a theorem about group synchronization proved by Abbe et al. [Math. Stat. Learn. 1(3), 227–256 (2018)]. It also relies on a gauge transformation acting jointly on the disorder and the spin configurations due to Nishimori [Prog. Theor. Phys. 66(4), 1169–1181 (1981)]. The proof does not use reflection positivity. The correlation inequalities of Messager et al. [Commun. Math. Phys. 58(1), 19–29 (1978)] imply symmetry breaking for the classical XY model without disorder.
Local well-posedness of the Landau–Lifshitz equation with helicity term
Authors: Shimizu Ikkei
Published: September 2022

We consider the initial value problem for the Landau–Lifshitz equation with a helicity term (chiral interaction term), which arises from the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction energy. We prove that it is well-posed locally in-time in the space k̄+Hs for s ≥ 3 with s∈Z and k̄=(0,0,1)t. We also show that if we further assume that the solution is homotopic to constant maps, then local well-posedness holds in the space k̄+Hs for s > 2 with s∈R. Our proof is based on two different approaches: One is the geometric energy method by McGahagan and the other is via the modified Schrödinger map equation. In the present analysis, we exploit a special structure of the helicity term, which enables us to overcome the difficulty in the quadratic derivative nonlinearity of the helicity term.
Reduced scale stripline platform to extend accessible pressures on the Z machine: Shockless compression of platinum to 650 GPa
Authors: Porwitzky Andrew , Brown Justin , Duwal Sakun , Dolan Daniel H. , Blada Caroline , Boerner Jeremiah , Williams James , Payne Sheri
Published: September 2022

Reaching astrophysically relevant high energy density (HED) material states in the laboratory is an ongoing effort at multiple experimental facilities. We have developed a new dynamic compression platform for the Z Pulsed Power Facility that allows for sample sizes 100s of μm in thickness that accommodate multiple grains in order to fully capture bulk properties, such as material strength. A pair of experiments compressed platinum (Pt) to HED conditions and conventional inverse Lagrangian analysis as well as a recent Bayesian calibration technique were used to determine the principal isentrope to 650 GPa with density uncertainties of <2%. These low uncertainties are calculated for single sample experiments, presenting the possibility of even smaller experimental uncertainties with multiple samples the platform allows. Our new platform extends the accessible Pt ramp pressures achievable on the Z machine to over 80% of the pressure recently achieved using the National Ignition Facility planar Hohlraum platform. This new capability, the next generation evolution of the stripline platform, was made possible by advancements in both our understanding of the Z pulsed power driver and our overall magnetohydrodynamic modeling capabilities.
Specular reflections (“glint”) of the inner beams in a gas-filled cylindrical hohlraum
Authors: Lemos N. , Farmer W. A. , Izumi N. , Chen H. , Kur E. , Pak A. , Pollock B. B. , Moody J. D. , Ross J. S. , Hinkel D. E. , Jones O. S. , Chapman T. , Meezan N. B. , Michel P. A. , Landen O. L.
Published: September 2022

We report on the experimental measurement of specular reflection (“glint”) of laser beams off the hohlraum wall in inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility. In a hohlraum, glinted light can escape the opposite laser entrance hole of the hohlraum and is a potential laser energy loss mechanism. The total measured glint on the inner cones of beams is measured to be less than 8 TW (when using the full National Ignition Facility laser), which is <2% of incident peak power. The simulated x-ray flux exceeds the measurement by 10%–20%, and glinted laser light is unable to account for this discrepancy. Similar inner beam glint was measured for ρ = 0.3 and 0.6 mg/cc gas fill hohlraums, but no glint was detected for 1.2 mg/cc densities. Inner beam glint is dominated by the lowest angle 21.5 beams within a 23.5 quad, and it is at most 30% sensitive to different quad polarization arrangements.
Pulse optimization and device engineering of 3D charge-trap flash for synaptic operation
Authors: Anik Kumar Mondol , Padovani Andrea , Larcher Luca , Raiyan Chowdhury S. M. , Zunaid Baten Md
Published: September 2022

We investigate 3D charge-trap (CT) nand flash cells using device-physics based multi-scale simulations to explore their potential and optimum operating conditions as electronic synapses of the neuromorphic hardware. A set of figure of merits (FOMs) has been adopted to indicate their goodness of operation under incremental pulse inputs. The results of this study suggest that excellent synaptic FOMs can be attained from 3D CT nands by designing and calibrating the input pulse trains. The impact of variations of device dimensions on charge capture and release phenomena have been investigated and linked to output characteristics in order to obtain intuitive guidelines for attaining desired synaptic functionalities. By co-designing gate dielectric stack and input pulses, the threshold voltage (VT) of the 3D CT cell can be sequentially increased and decreased in a linear and symmetric fashion, providing a large number of distinct VT levels with good retention characteristics. Statistical simulations suggest that device-to-device variations of electrical responses have a negligible impact on the synaptic capabilities of these devices. It has also been shown that the incorporation of deeper traps through material engineering improves synaptic reliability of the 3D CT cells under prolonged operations.
Native defect-related broadband ultrafast photocarrier dynamics in n-type β-Ga2O3
Authors: Fang Yu , Wang Jianping , Shi Fangyuan , Xiao Zhengguo , Wu Xingzhi , Yang Junyi , Chen Yongqiang , Wu Quanying , Song Yinglin
Published: September 2022

We report two-photon excited ultrafast carrier trapping and recombination in n-type β-Ga2O3 crystals by using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The broadband absorption spectra arising from the defect are polarization dependent, especially, two absorption peaks can be observed by subtracting the absorption transients under two probe polarizations. We attribute these observed defect-related absorption features to optical transitions from the valence band to different charge states of a native defect (such as gallium vacancies). A model for carrier capture by multilevel of a single defect is proposed to interpret the data, wherein holes are captured more efficiently than electrons by the defects, and the absorption cross sections for the defects are at least ten times larger than that for free carriers. Our results reveal the potential applications of β-Ga2O3 in ultrafast and broadband optoelectronic devices.