bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Earthquake-Induced Collapse Risk and Loss Assessment of Steel Concentrically Braced Frames
Authors: Hwang Seong Hoon , Lignos Dimitrios G.
Published: February 2018

This paper quantifies the collapse risk and earthquake-induced losses for a wide range of archetype buildings with special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs). The collapse risk and expected economic losses associated with repair, demolition and collapse are computed based on a performance-based earthquake engineering framework developed within the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. It is shown that the collapse risk of the steel SCBF archetypes may be significantly overestimated when the influence of the gravity framing system on the lateral frame strength and stiffness is ignored. It is also found that the building-specific earthquake loss assessment is significantly overestimated at low probability of occurrence seismic events (i.e., 2% probability of occurrence in 50 years) when the gravity framing system is not modeled explicitly as part of the nonlinear building model. For frequent and design-basis seismic events (i.e., 50 and 10% probability of exceedance over 50 years of building life expectancy), acceleration-sensitive nonstructural component repairs govern the building losses regardless of the employed nonlinear building model representation. For the same seismic events, steel brace flexural buckling contributes to structural repair losses.
Evaluating the Behaviour Factor of Concentric X-Braced Steel Structures
Authors: Yahmi Djamal , Branci Taïeb , Bouchaïr Abdelhamid , Fournely Eric
Published: February 2018

The behaviour factor (q-factor) is a factor introduced in Eurocode-8 (EC8) to reduce the seismic elastic forces of structures obtained from an elastic analysis accounting for their ductility and overstrength. Seismic codes, especially the EC8, gives a constant value for q-factor, since change in structural characteristics of building change in behaviour of braced steel structures and that affects on q-factor. In this paper, the q-factor is evaluated for X-braced steel structures using pushover analysis. The effects of brace slenderness ratio and stories number are investigated. The results of this study indicate that the most important parameter that affects the q-factor is the brace slenderness ratio. Furthermore, the EC8 recommends a higher than actual value of q-factor, which is potentially unsafe.
Influence of Nano Al2O3 Particles on Morphology and Microstructure of Cu-Al2O3 Composite Coating by Jet Electrodeposition
Authors: Fan Hui , Liu Man , Zhao Yang Pei , Wang Shan Kui
Published: February 2018

Jet electrodeposition process is a very promising method in fabricating metal matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles. In use of this method, insoluble particles suspended in an electrolytic bath are impinged onto and embedded in a growing metal layer. This paper is focused on the investigations of the copper matrix nanocomposite coatings with hard Al2O3 nanoparticles, electrochemically deposited from jet-circulated baths on 304 stainless steel substrate. The Cu-Al2O3 composite coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The effects of electrolyte jet velocity, current density, addition amount of Al2O3 in the electrolyte were analyzed on the microstructure change, surface morphology change as well as codeposited content of Al2O3 particles in the composite coating. It was found that increasing content of Al2O3 particles in electrolyte may improve composite coating surface morphology and increase the practical current density by exerting impingement effect on the cathode deposit surface, till excessive Al2O3 e.g.20g/L particles was added. Besides, appropriate amount of nanoparticles in the electrolyte also could offer grain refinement by providing nanocrystalline sized between 30~60 nm with current density in the range of 100~500 A/dm2.
The Cutting Parameter Optimization in Helical Milling of Ti Alloys with Small Diameter Tools and the Study of their Cutting Performance
Authors: Li Shi Peng , Tian Li Cheng , Qin Xu Da , Shang Shuai
Published: February 2018

Titanium alloys are widely used in modern aircraft manufacturing. The hole-making technology with high quality becomes a crucial aspect of aircraft assembly. Helical milling process has drawn much attention due to its high machining quality and efficiency. In this work, the cutting performance of small diameter tools (3mm) in helical milling Ti alloy is studied. The parameters of spindle speed, tangential feed speed and pitch (axial feed per revolution) are optimized to reduce cutting force and processing time. The evolutions of the cutting force, burr size, hole side wall roughness and diameter with increasing hole number are investigated. Results show that burr size and hole side wall roughness are much lower than the requirement of aircraft assembly under the optimized parameters of 7000r/min (spindle speeds), 0.1mm (pitch), 0.02mm/tooth (tangential feed). Due to the poor stiffness and large deflection of small diameter tools, excessive hole diameter error is the most prominent problem to be concerned in helical milling process.
Study on the Residual Stresses Distribution in Thick Pre-Stretched Aluminum Plate
Authors: Guo Hun , Zuo Dun Wen , Yin Fei Hong , He Ya Feng , Xu Ji , Chen Bin
Published: February 2018

It is one of the difficult problems in the manufacture of the integrated aircraft part of Machining distortion caused by residual stress. According to the characteristics of aluminum alloy pre stretched thick plate, the modified removal method for measuring residual stress in thick pre-stretched aluminum plates is proposed and the stress-strain relation matrix is deduced by elasticity theory. Moreover, the residual stresses in the specimen of 7075T7351 plate is measured by the proposed method, and the results are finally analyzed and compared with the data obtained by other methods. The results indicate that the proposed method is effective in measuring the residual stress in thick pre-stretched aluminum alloy plates. The measurement results can be used for the quantitative analysis of aerospace parts machining distortion caused by residual stress, and it has higher value in engineering application.
Experimental Research on Electroforming Nano-ZrO2 Reinforced Cu-Matrix Composite Aided by Pulse Power
Authors: Sima Zhong Wen , Li Zhi Yong , Cui Hong Bin , Guo Hun
Published: February 2018

Prepared the nanoZrO2 reinforced Cu-matrix composite by pulse electroforming. The effects of the content of nanoZrO2 particle in the casting solution, average cathodic current density, duty cycle, pulse frequency and ultrasonic power on the content of nanoZrO2 in the electroforming Cu-matrix composite have been studied. The microhardness and surface morphology of Cu-ZrO2 composite were analyzed. The experimental results demonstrate that the maximum content of nanoZrO2 in the electroforming Cu-ZrO2 composite is 2.94%, microhardness is 492 HV, which is significantly improved compared with pulse pure copper’s 337 HV, when the content of nanoZrO2 is 40 g/L, average cathodic current density is 4A/dm2, duty cycle is 0.2 , pulse frequency is 1100 Hz and ultrasonic power is 20w .The surface of composite prepared by pulse electroforming is more smooth, organization is denser, grain is finer and agglomeration of nanoZrO2 particles is fewer compared with Direct-current electroforming nanoZrO2 reinforced Cu-ZrO2 composite.
Preparing the Next Generation of Marine Technicians: MATE's At-Sea Internship Program
Authors: Sullivan Deidre , Sarkar Nandita , Lunsford Tami
Published: February 2018

AbstractTraining programs that prepare students for careers in marine technology are few, mainly because it is prohibitively expensive for most programs to offer substantial time at sea working with state-of-the-art research equipment. Students who choose to pursue marine
technical careers are often caught in the paradox of not being able to acquire a job without work experience and not being able to get work experience without a job. At-sea technical internships help undergraduate students gain the experience they need for gainful employment in the marine
field, and ocean-related employers gain access to qualified technical professionals who can fill their workforce needs.The Marine Advanced Technology Education (MATE) Center's marine technical internship program began in 1999. Since its inception, the program has placed more than 300 students
in at-sea and shore-based internship positions. MATE interns work with marine technicians and scientists onboard research vessels, and these experiences provide them with the opportunity to develop their technical, scientific, seamanship, and interpersonal skills. The program makes a substantial
effort to recruit students in groups who are traditionally underrepresented in science and technical disciplines.
SPLASSH: A Collaborative Web-Based Application That Crowdsources Environmental Data in Real Time
Authors: Adams Lisa G. , Mwaniki John N. , Dabdoub Salim J. , Adams Michael G.
Published: February 2018

AbstractSPLASSH (Student Programs Like Aquatic Science Sampling Headquarters, https://splassh.org) is a collaborative web-based application that crowdsources environmental data in real time. Originally launched in 2014, SPLASSH beta version 1.0 was designed to showcase water projects conducted by students. Through its development, it has broadened its reach from students to educators (formal and informal), researchers, resource managers, science professionals, and the public (citizen scientists). SPLASSH's beta version 2.0 (Patent Pending) has an innovative, customizable environmental tracker and project management capabilities that foster community building through collaboration. SPLASSH offers the public an opportunity to contribute more than just data to an existing project. It encourages citizens to play a lead role by initiating their own projects, truly validating and broadening the definition of citizen science. Learning and project outcomes will be measured for their impact and effectiveness.
Effective Strategies for Engaging Community College Students in Research via Cutting-Edge Technology
Authors: Schroeder Stephanie , Amend Jan
Published: February 2018

AbstractAs we train the next generation of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) researchers, it is imperative that we expand our recruitment to community college students. Many of these students are highly motivated and extremely talented, but they often lack
exposure to cutting-edge technology found at R1 institutions, much less have the opportunities to participate in original research. The Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations (C-DEBI) at the University of Southern California (USC) started a community college research internship summer
program in 2013. The nonresidential and residential programs combined so far have trained 60 students in the biogeosciences, with 46 of them having transferred to 4-year institutions and 95% remaining in STEM fields. Their introduction to and acquired competence in several advanced technologies
have further prepared these students to pursue graduate degrees and rewarding careers in research-based STEM fields.
Marine Technologies for Teachers and Students (MaTTS): A Continuum of Professional Development and Instruction in Ocean Science and Technology
Authors: Babb Ivar G. , Scowcroft Gail , Gingras Andrea
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Marine Technologies for Teachers and Students (MaTTS) Project, funded by the National Science Foundation's Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers program, provided teams of high school teachers and students from southern New England with professional
development and learning activities focused on technologies that enable ocean exploration and discoveries as well as exposure to career opportunities that support the ocean economy. MaTTS designed, implemented, and evaluated a continuum of evidence-based activities to train teachers and engage
students. The educational programs focused on low-cost, build-it-yourself technologies that were adapted by the MaTTS team and provided hands-on training and skills development for both teacher and student participants. The continuum was further enabled by the information and communications
technologies (ICT) available at the Inner Space Center to provide ocean science and technology content delivery and real-time ocean exploration and interactions with scientists and engineers working at sea. Results from the project evaluation revealed positive impacts on both teacher and student
participants, particularly regarding their content knowledge, beliefs about science, and leadership skills. The evaluation also revealed several areas where the project could be improved to support implementation at a broader scale.
Project CONVERGE: A Broader Impact Plan That Engaged Educators and Students in the Process of Polar Ocean Science Campaigns
Authors: Kohut Josh T. , Hunter-Thomson Kristin , McDonnell Janice , Clark Harold , Florio Kate , Gardner Katie , Linder Chris , Powell Hugh , Lichtenwalner C. Sage , Ferraro Carrie
Published: February 2018

AbstractCONVERGE, with National Science Foundation support, was a fully integrated scientific and broader impact program focused on a biological hotspot along the Western Antarctic Peninsula. The objective of our approach was to connect field-deployed Science Teams and our
target audiences, middle and high school educators and students, through real-world data to elevate our audiences' experience from science aware spectator to working scientist. Based on experience gained from prior work and a documented need to elevate the student experience in science, we
applied a multitiered program that integrated existing methods of known success (educator professional development, daily Expedition Diary blogs, live videoconferences between the deployed Science Team and classrooms back in the United States) with new tools that enabled our student audience
to participate in and conduct their own peer-reviewed science (data primers, proposal review, and a science symposium). Through a comprehensive evaluation program, educators reported a change in their teaching practice to increase students' data collection and analytical skills and provided
more opportunities to authentically emulate the process of science and better understand the impacts of climate change in this Antarctic ecosystem. Additionally, the educators and students both reported personal connections to the data, which motivated the students to push their comfort zones
when analyzing real-time data.
Fucosyltransferase Induction during Influenza Virus Infection Is Required for the Generation of Functional Memory CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Tinoco Roberto , Carrette Florent , Henriquez Monique L. , Fujita Yu , Bradley Linda M.
Published: February 2018

T cells mediating influenza viral control are instructed in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues to differentiate into memory T cells that confer protective immunity. The mechanisms by which influenza virus–specific memory CD4+ T cells arise have been attributed to changes in transcription factors, cytokines and cytokine receptors, and metabolic programming. The molecules involved in these biosynthetic pathways, including proteins and lipids, are modified to varying degrees of glycosylation, fucosylation, sialation, and sulfation, which can alter their function. It is currently unknown how the glycome enzymatic machinery regulates CD4+ T cell effector and memory differentiation. In a murine model of influenza virus infection, we found that fucosyltransferase enzymatic activity was induced in effector and memory CD4+ T cells. Using CD4+ T cells deficient in the Fut4/7 enzymes that are expressed only in hematopoietic cells, we found decreased frequencies of effector cells with reduced expression of T-bet and NKG2A/C/E in the lungs during primary infection. Furthermore, Fut4/7−/− effector CD4+ T cells had reduced survival with no difference in proliferation or capacity for effector function. Although Fut4/7−/− CD4+ T cells seeded the memory pool after primary infection, they failed to form tissue-resident cells, were dysfunctional, and were unable to re-expand after secondary infection. Our findings highlight an important regulatory axis mediated by cell-intrinsic fucosyltransferase activity in CD4+ T cell effectors that ensure the development of functional memory CD4+ T cells.
Representación de la diversidad sociocultural en la publicidad audiovisual: materiales para un tratamiento inclusivo
Authors: Lorite García Nicolás , Grau Rebollo Jorge , De Sousa Lacerda Juciano
Published: February 2018

Nuestro objetivo es analizar el tratamiento que le otorga la publicidad audiovisual a la diversidad sociocultural, centrándonos particularmente en los rasgos fenotípicos. Proponemos también algunas líneas de actuación orientadas hacia las buenas prácticas dinamizadoras de la interculturalidad inclusiva, previniendo la reproducción de supuestos racistas o xenófobos. Metodología: hemos basado nuestro análisis en: (a) una muestra general de 834 anuncios publicitarios emitidos en franja de prime time en diversas televisiones del Estado español, (b) entrevistas en profundidad a 38 especialistas, (c) el trabajo conjunto con diversas asociaciones profesionales y organismos institucionales y (d) un estudio de recepción con 249 estudiantes universitarios. Resultados: concluimos que la diversidad fenotípica en la publicidad está infrarrepresentada con respecto a la realidad social de referencia y que las buenas prácticas inclusivas deben pasar por incorporar la diversidad multicultural en la publicidad televisiva. Subrayamos la importancia de hacerlo desde perspectivas dinamizadoras interculturales que muestren discursos con interconexiones interpersonales e intergrupales, en diferentes contextos y situaciones.
Verticillium dahliae-eggplant as the pathosystem model to reveal biocontrol potential of three Trichoderma spp in green house conditions
Authors: Mokhtari Wafaa Mimoun , Achouri Mohamed , Remah Abdellah , Boubaker Hassan
Published: February 2018

In this study three Trichoderma species isolated from Moroccan soil (natural and agricultural habitats) were investigated for their biocontrol potential against virulent Verticillium dahliae on eggplant in green house conditions based on dipping root approach. Evaluation of biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma spp. demonstrated effective potential of Trichoderma on reducing Verticilium disease on eggplant cultivars. Disease assessment was established by measuring disease incidence in root units (DI-RU) and in the above ground of eggplant cultivars (DI- AU). DI-RU% was recorded at 12.5%, 25.0%, 31.3% and 37.5% in T3, TC, T1 and T2 treatment respectively where DI-RU recorded in Tm2 controls; eggplants inoculated with Verticillium only was equal to 100.0%. Whereas, disease incidence outcomes in aerial part was DI- AU = 100.0 % in treatments TC and T2, 87.5% in T1 and 96.0% in T3 treatment where Tm2 controls were assessed with 100.0%.
On the discrepancy of HCl processing in the dark polar vortices
Authors: Grooß Jens-Uwe , Müller Rolf , Spang Reinhold , Tritscher Ines , Wegner Tobias , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Feng Wuhu , Kinnison Douglas E. , Madronich Sasha
Published: February 2018

Abstract. More than three decades after the discovery of the ozone hole, the processes involved in its formation are believed to be understood in great detail. Current state-of-the-art models are able to reproduce the observed chemical composition in the springtime polar stratosphere, especially regarding the quantification of halogen-catalysed ozone loss. However, here we report on a discrepancy between simulations and observations during the less-well studied period of the onset of chlorine activation. During this period, which in the Antarctic is between May and July, model simulations significantly overestimate HCl, one of the key chemical species, inside the polar vortex during polar night. This HCl discrepancy is also observed in the Arctic and present, to varying extents, in three independent models, the Lagrangian chemistry transport model CLaMS as well as the Eulerian models WACCM and TOMCAT/SLIMCAT. The HCl discrepancy points to some unknown process in the formulation of stratospheric chemistry that is currently not represented in the models. Here we characterise the HCl discrepancy in space and time for the Lagrangian Chemistry Transport Model CLaMS, in which HCl in the polar vortex core stays about constant from June to August in the Antarctic while the observations indicate a continuous HCl decrease over this period. The somewhat smaller discrepancies in the models WACCM and TOMCAT/SLIMCAT are also presented. Numerical diffusion in the Eulerian models is identified to be a likely cause for the inter-model differences. Although the missing process has not yet been identified, we investigate different hypotheses on the basis of the characteristics of the discrepancy. An under-estimated uptake of HCl into the PSC particles that consist mainly of H2O and HNO3 cannot explain the discrepancy due to the temperature correlation of the discrepancy. Also, a direct photolysis of particulate HNO3 does not explain the discrepancy since it would also cause changes in late winter which are not observed. The ionisation caused by Galactic Cosmic Rays provides an additional NOx and HOx source that can explain only around 20 % of the discrepancy. A hypothetical decomposition of particulate HNO3 by some other process not dependent on the solar elevation, e.g. involving Galactic Cosmic Rays, may be a possible mechanism to resolve the HCl discrepancy. Since the discrepancy reported here occurs during the beginning of the chlorine activation period, where the ozone loss rates are slow, there is only a minor impact of about 2 % on the overall ozone column loss over the course of Antarctic winter and spring.
Simulating ectomycorrhiza in boreal forests: implementing ectomycorrhizal fungi model MYCOFON in CoupModel (v5)
Authors: He Hongxing , Meyer Astrid , Jansson Per-Erik , Svensson Magnus , Rütting Tobias , Klemedtsson Leif
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The symbiosis between plants and Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) is shown to considerably influence the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes between the soil, rhizosphere, and plants in boreal forest ecosystems. However, ECM are either neglected or presented as an implicit, undynamic term in most ecosystem models, which can potentially reduce the predictive power of models.In order to investigate the necessity of an explicit consideration of ECM in ecosystem models, we implement the previously developed MYCOFON model into a detailed process-based, soil–plant–atmosphere model, Coup-MYCOFON, which explicitly describes the C and N fluxes between ECM and roots. This new Coup-MYCOFON model approach (ECM explicit) is compared with two simpler model approaches: one containing ECM implicitly as a dynamic uptake of organic N considering the plant roots to represent the ECM (ECM implicit), and the other a static N approach in which plant growth is limited to a fixed N level (nonlim). Parameter uncertainties are quantified using Bayesian calibration in which the model outputs are constrained to current forest growth and soil C ∕ N ratio for four forest sites along a climate and N deposition gradient in Sweden and simulated over a 100-year period.The nonlim approach could not describe the soil C ∕ N ratio due to large overestimation of soil N sequestration but simulate the forest growth reasonably well. The ECM implicit and explicit approaches both describe the soil C ∕ N ratio well but slightly underestimate the forest growth. The implicit approach simulated lower litter production and soil respiration than the explicit approach. The ECM explicit Coup–MYCOFON model provides a more detailed description of internal ecosystem fluxes and feedbacks of C and N between plants, soil, and ECM. Our modeling highlights the need to incorporate ECM and organic N uptake into ecosystem models, and the nonlim approach is not recommended for future long-term soil C and N predictions. We also provide a key set of posterior fungal parameters that can be further investigated and evaluated in future ECM studies.
Calibrating electromagnetic induction conductivities with time-domain reflectometry measurements
Authors: Dragonetti Giovanna , Comegna Alessandro , Ajeel Ali , Deidda Gian Piero , Lamaddalena Nicola , Rodriguez Giuseppe , Vignoli Giulio , Coppola Antonio
Published: February 2018

Abstract. This paper deals with the issue of monitoring the spatial
distribution of bulk electrical conductivity, σb, in the soil
root zone by using electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors under different
water and salinity conditions. To deduce the actual distribution of
depth-specific σb from EMI apparent electrical
conductivity (ECa) measurements, we inverted the data by using a
regularized 1-D inversion procedure designed to manage nonlinear multiple
EMI-depth responses. The inversion technique is based on the coupling of the
damped Gauss–Newton method with truncated generalized singular value
decomposition (TGSVD). The ill-posedness of the EMI data inversion is
addressed by using a sharp stabilizer term in the objective function. This
specific stabilizer promotes the reconstruction of blocky targets, thereby
contributing to enhance the spatial resolution of the EMI results in the presence
of sharp boundaries (otherwise smeared out after the application of more
standard Occam-like regularization strategies searching for smooth
solutions). Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) data are used as ground-truth
data for calibration of the inversion results. An experimental field was
divided into four transects 30 m long and 2.8 m wide, cultivated with green
bean, and irrigated
with water at two different salinity levels and using two
different irrigation volumes. Clearly, this induces different salinity and
water contents within the soil profiles. For each transect, 26 regularly
spaced monitoring soundings (1 m apart) were selected
for the collection of (i) Geonics EM-38 and (ii) Tektronix reflectometer data.
Despite the original discrepancies in the EMI and TDR data, we found a
significant correlation of the means and standard deviations of the two data
series; in particular, after a low-pass spatial filtering of the TDR data.
Based on these findings, this paper introduces a novel methodology to
calibrate EMI-based electrical conductivities via TDR direct measurements.
This calibration strategy consists of a linear mapping of the original
inversion results into a new conductivity spatial distribution with the
coefficients of the transformation uniquely based on the statistics of the
two original measurement datasets (EMI and TDR conductivities).
Spatiotemporal variability of Canadian High Arctic glacier surface albedo from MODIS data, 2001–2016
Authors: Mortimer Colleen A. , Sharp Martin
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Inter-annual variations and longer-term trends in the annual mass balance of glaciers in Canada's Queen Elizabeth Islands (QEI) are largely attributable to changes in summer melt. The largest source of melt energy in the QEI in summer is net shortwave radiation, which is modulated by changes in glacier surface albedo. We used measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors to investigate large-scale spatial patterns, temporal trends, and variability in the summer surface albedo of QEI glaciers from 2001 to 2016. Mean summer black-sky shortwave broadband albedo (BSA) decreased at a rate of 0.029±0.025 decade−1 over that period. Larger reductions in BSA occurred in July (−0.050±0.031 decade−1). No change in BSA was observed in either June or August. Most of the decrease in BSA, which was greatest at lower elevations around the margins of the ice masses, occurred between 2007 and 2012, when mean summer BSA was anomalously low. The first principal component of the 16-year record of mean summer BSA was well correlated with the mean summer North Atlantic Oscillation index, except in 2006, 2010, and 2016, when the mean summer BSA appears to have been dominated by the August BSA. During the period 2001–2016, the mean summer land surface temperature (LST) over the QEI glaciers and ice caps increased by 0.049±0.038 °C yr−1, and the BSA record was negatively correlated (r: −0.86) with the LST record, indicative of a positive ice-albedo feedback that would increase rates of mass loss from the QEI glaciers.
This content is no longer available: "A Comparative Analysis of the Good Faith Doctrine in the CISG, PECL and Selected Domestic Laws"
Authors: Osmani Vjosa
Published: February 2018

This content is no longer available. The metadata for "A Comparative Analysis of the Good Faith Doctrine in the CISG, PECL and Selected Domestic Laws" was published in error and has been removed.
Projeto dicionário Deit-Libras em Elis : Análise da ELis
Authors: Barros Mariângela Estelita , Fernandes Leandro Andrade
Published: February 2018

No ano de 2014, o Laboratório de Leitura e Escrita das Línguas de Sinais desenvolveu ambicioso projeto de pesquisa que consistiu em escrever em ELiS todos os sinais do dicionário Novo DEIT-Libras. ELiS é o sistema brasileiro de escrita das línguas de sinais e o Novo DEIT-Libras é o maior dicionário da Língua Brasileira de Sinais de que dispomos atualmente. O objetivo principal do projeto foi, mediante a escrita em ELiS de todas as entradas do dicionário, realizar possíveis ajustes na ELiS, no que diz respeito às suas regras ou visografemas. Além disso, como produto da pesquisa, planejamos criar banco de dados com os sinais apresentados no dicionário,escritos em ELiS, a fim de viabilizar a busca eletrônica de dados da Libras, via visografemas ou grupos de visografemas. Para a realização do trabalho, desenvolvemos metodologia própria, baseada em escrita e subsequentes revisões da escrita. Ainda que tenha havido a necessidade de mudanças em algumas regras e visografemas, estas não precisaram ser profundas, fato que comprova a já atestada eficiência da ELiS em representar a Libras.
Os dicionários da língua brasileira de sinais e suas contribuições
Authors: Cardoso Vilma Rodrigues
Published: February 2018

Os dicionários de línguas de sinais atualmente são inúmeros, sendo impressos ou em formatos digitais, fabricados por surdos, instituições de ensino que capacitam profissionais na língua de sinais ou por iniciativas privadas. É uma realidade necessária diante da complexidade dos sinais e, além disso, é também, através deles que se torna possível manter a padronização necessária durante a conversação ou atuação dos profissionais tradutores intérpretes de língua de sinais. Esses dicionários, sejam impressos ou digitais, descrevem informações fonológicas, gramaticais e semânticas acerca dos sinais e das palavras, que de fato facilitam e permitem melhor compreensão do sinal pesquisado. Nos dicionários impressos é possível perceber variações quanto às formas encontradas, tais como: foto, descrição dos sinais, escrita de sinais, ilustrações e tradução para a língua oral. Já nos dicionários digitais, há possibilidade de busca por ordem alfabética do português ou pela configuração de mão, no qual os sinais são representados por filmagens, contendo assim sua descrição e definição. Este artigo traz um histórico dos dicionários registrados na língua de sinais, relatando a influência da França no primeiro dicionário de Libras no Brasil, incita reflexões sobre a relevância dos dicionários existentes e observa a necessidade da criação de dicionários nas áreas de especialidades, visto a considerável ausência de sinais para diversos termos usados no cotidiano acadêmico.
Liaison interpreting ou escort interpreting? Um estudo sobre a interpretação de libras-português na área empresarial
Authors: Poltronieri-Gessner Aline Vanessa , Santos Silvana Aguiar dos
Published: February 2018

No Brasil, os conceitos de “interpretação de ligação” e de “interpretação de acompanhamento”, usados nas línguas de sinais, têm sido pouco abordados na produção acadêmica dos Estudos da Interpretação. Este texto apresenta e discute algumas nomenclaturas designadas para a atuação de intérpretes na esfera empresarial tal como a interpretação de acompanhamento, também conhecida como escort interpreting ou liaison interpreting, e popularmente disseminada como “interpretação de ligação”, ou como aparece nas produções acadêmicas, “interpretação comunitária”. Respaldam teoricamente este trabalho: Couto et al. (2010), Torres e Silva (2014), Hsieh (2003), Pöchhacker (2010) e Russo (2004). Na Introdução, este trabalho apresenta as principais demandas desse campo; na primeira seção, propõe-se a uma reflexão sobre os Estudos da Interpretação e a esfera empresarial; nas seções seguintes, discute a variedade de nomenclaturas atribuídas ao profissional que trabalha neste campo e as implicações desses conceitos para a atuação dos intérpretes de Libras-Português, para enfim, nas considerações finais, retomar os principais tópicos discutidos no texto a partir de uma perspectiva mais completa e madura.
Considerações sobre o processo de desverbalização e da cenarização na tradução e interpretação de uma língua oral para uma língua de sinais
Authors: Santos Giovana Bleyer Ferreira dos , Barbosa Diego Maurício
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discorrer sobre algumas questões relacionadas ao processo de interpretação, como a desverbalização e a cenarização. Estudada por Seleskovitch, a desverbalização ocorre no momento em que o intérprete recebe as informações do texto na língua de partida e precisa decodificá-las para recriar o sentido apreendido na produção do texto na língua de chegada. A estratégia da cenarização, apresentada por Sophie Pointurier-Pournin, consiste em um mecanismo de auxílio para o intérprete, quando ele se encontra diante de restrições, como a do vazio lexical, ou precisa explicar conceitos mais complexos, que demandam mais do que a simples espacialização do discurso no espaço de sinalização. O trabalho apresenta considerações sobre o Modelo IDRC [Interpretação – Decisão - Recursos – Restrição] de Daniel Gile, que apresenta o processo de tradução como uma sucessão de fases de compreensão e de reformulação, nas quais o intérprete precisa lidar com os recursos e as restrições que lhe são impostos durante o processo.
Teatro de bonecos na disciplina “Literatura Surda”
Authors: Costa Alessandra Campos Lima da , Batista Jullyana Santos
Published: February 2018

Este artigo relata uma ação resultante de experiência didática com teatro de bonecos na disciplina “Literatura Surda”, ministrada para alunos surdos e ouvintes do quarto período do curso Licenciatura em Letras: Libras da Universidade Federal de Goiás – UFG. A disciplina foi desenvolvida de modo a apresentar produções literárias surdas, promovendo, simultaneamente, reflexões sobre experiências de vida dos surdos. No decorrer das aulas, os alunos tiveram a oportunidade de produzir histórias em Libras e criar novas formas de apresentá-las, tendo em mente o público surdo. A disciplina “Literatura Surda” demonstrou ser um instrumento importante para a divulgação da Libras e para ativar o debate sobre ideias preconcebidas a respeito dos surdos e de suas produções.
Educação dos surdos no Brasil: um percurso histórico e novas perspectivas
Authors: Oliveira Quintino Martins de , Figueiredo Francisco José Quaresma de
Published: February 2018

Este artigo discute algumas questões teóricas de bilinguismo (BAKER, 2004; GROSJEAN, 1982; MYERS-SCOTTON, 2006), tendo como foco a educação de surdos no Brasil (FELIPE, 2006; FERNANDES, 1990; LACERDA; LODI, 2009; QUADROS, 2012) e suas implicações na constituição do sujeito surdo. As reflexões sobre as questões linguísticas dentro do espaço escolar têm mostrado uma tendência bilíngue para a educação de surdos. Esse método pedagógico considera a língua brasileira de sinais (libras) como língua de instrução, e o ensino da língua portuguesa, como segunda língua, na modalidade escrita. Os estudos revisados neste artigo revelam que é necessária uma reflexão sobre o processo de inclusão dos alunos surdos na escola e que esta não pode ser ancorada simplesmente na inserção desses alunos com os alunos ouvintes em salas regulares, conforme presenciamos hoje nas escolas públicas (FELIPE, 2006). São necessárias mudanças na estrutura escolar, no que diz respeito à validação dos direitos linguísticos dos surdos, uma vez que as relações didático-pedagógicas consideram as peculiaridades das diferentes modalidades de ambas as línguas, bem como a relação entre língua, cultura, identidade do surdo e interação, fatores fundamentais em seu desenvolvimento escolar e social.
Une étude comparative de la langue des signes Québécoise (LSQ) et la langue brésilienne des signes (Libras): quelques aspects linguistiques, socio-politique-culturels et historiques
Authors: Rios Luiz Maurício , Gomes Valdirene Maria de Araújo
Published: February 2018

L’objectif principal de cet article est de promouvoir la connaissance et la comphéhension des Études Sourdes au Canada et au Brésil, à partir d’études comparatives de la Langue des Signes Québécoise (LSQ) et la Langue Brésilienne des Signes (LIBRAS). Nous faisons, aussi, une brève approche de quelques aspects linguistiques, socio-politique-culturels et historiques de la Culture Sourde, avec l’aspiration de démontrer quelques études liées aux questions de l´enseignement des langues des signes et à l´inclusion de l´individu sourd à la société, en spécial,  l´histoire de l´origine de l´enseignement et des recherches dans ce domaine. Il est pertinent de signaler que cet article s´inscrit dans le cadre des études comparées, ce qui pourra être une ouverture au dialogue entre les différentes recherches et approches sur  ce thème,  développées dans ces deux pays américains, afin de chercher ensemble des solutions stratégiques d´inclusion sociale et d´élaboration de politiques de diversité culturelle : la culture orale et la culture des sourds
Hacia una propuesta de Gestión de Conocimiento mediante la innovación como responsabilidad de la Educación Superior
Authors: Ramírez Isaza Eugenia
Published: February 2018

La gestión de conocimiento es responsabilidad directa de las instituciones de educación superior. La UNESCO hace un especial énfasis en ello con el fin de encaminar a los estudiantes hacia el desarrollo de un pensamiento científico y crítico del contexto en el que se desenvuelven. Solo en este sentido se logrará que los países latinoamericanos avancen a través de la innovación, tomando como factores claves la tecnología y la investigación creativa. No obstante, es necesario hacer un mayor esfuerzo para que todos los actores sociales participen en este proceso, el cual sirve de parámetro de evaluación en el desenvolvimiento idóneo de las personas dentro de la sociedad. Es decir, crear un vínculo más fuerte entre universidad y sociedad, a fin de lograr un mayor crecimiento económico y empresarial.

Por ello se aborda cómo las políticas de educación, mediante diversos cambios tanto estructurales como sociales, pueden lograr un cambio en la gestión del conocimiento científico, la potenciación del talento y desarrollo humano, teniendo como actor principal a la universidad y su relación con la sociedad. Se sostiene que esta estrecha relación no solo aportará un mejor desarrollo humano, sino también mejor capital intelectual /capital social, el cual generará naciones mejor preparadas, competitivas y desarrolladas para enfrentar los retos intelectuales y sociales.

Conocimiento Educactivo, Vol. 1, 2014: 35-52
Observation and Characterization of the Thermoelectric Power Generation
Authors: Jin A. J. , Li Q. , Liu D. , An C. , Zhang Y.
Published: February 2018

Authors report methodical studies on some novel, alternative energy technologies, and produced results of a thermoelectric power generation (TEPG) system. For the sake of evaluating critical thermoelectric (TE) features, they have invented the state-of-the-art equipment that has important specification capability. The studies cover the efficiency and many aspects of TEPG features as follows. A thermoelectric module is measured in situ that includes TE efficiency, force response curve, current-voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (P-V) characterization, and power temperature (P-T) response curve. They have improved both the higher total output power and the more efficient TEPG efficiency than their comparison TE devices and systems in their studies. In addition, authors will present a series of design, construction, and characterization of a thermal electric generation system which aims to achieve a large power output and high efficiency for the energy harvesting application. Furthermore, their studies lead to important knowledge of TEPG systems in terms of multi-stack modules and of the optimization in TEPG applications. Finally, the prototypes are built for both the tabletop and other applications with new findings. Several sets of prototype TEPG are developed for experimental investigation and data analysis, followed by the summary and conclusions based on the data.
Stylistic Study of Adjectives in How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia
Authors: Faiz Rabia , Azher Musarrat , Asghar Ijaz , Jabeen Iqra
Published: February 2018

The present research explores the choice of adjectives as a lexical category in Mohsin Hamid’s novel, How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia by using Leech and Short model (1981). An empirical enquiry is carried out to trace the author’s choice of adjectives and their intended functions by subjecting How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia to stylistic analysis and linguistic scrutiny. The various functions of adjectives are interpreted after the text is subjected to close reading for their contextual occurrence where they are carefully engraved by the author. The resultant functions throw ample light on the life, culture, economic scenario and love and gender relations construed in the text through adjectives. The present paper, however, is limited only to the interpretation of the adjective categories based on the model suggested by Leech & Short (1981). This study is, therefore, instrumental in initiating a voyage to interpret literary language via linguistic tools and evidences contributing amply to the field of stylistics as well as literary criticism.
War on Terra and Eco-Critical Discursivity: Analyzing the Role of Cultural Productions in Creating Eco-Consciousness
Authors: Aleem Umaira , Ullah Inayat , Khan Aziz Ullah , Khan Afzal
Published: February 2018

Euro-American exclusivity has been eclipsing the universalizing appeal of Ecocriticism, which attempts to counter the war on terra—the Latin name for earth. Ecocriticism also explores the connection between humans and their environment. It gives way to the examination of the environment and its illustration in literature and, by doing so, develops an investigative ecological consciousness regarding different environmental issues. The present study is aimed to study the non-Euro-American setting of Anis Shivani’s Karachi Raj (2015) through an eco-critical lens. It attempts to explore the eco-critical consciousness of the characters, highlighting the way the effort of creating eco-consciousness is made through the settings and plot of the literary text. The study focuses on environmental issues presented in the novel through various situations. The research uses qualitative method of textual analysis under the theoretical underpinnings of Ecocriticism.
Investigating Saudi University EFL Teachers’ Assessment Literacy: Theory and Practice
Authors: Umer Muhammad , Zakaria Mohamad Hassan , Alshara Moayad Ahmad
Published: February 2018

Teacher assessment literacy (TAL) is believed to have positive impact on student learning outcomes. Therefore, attempts are made, especially, in advanced educational contexts to increase TAL. In the context of Saudi higher education, available empirical evidence indicates that EFL teacher assessment literacy is replete with loopholes. This mixed-method research investigated Saudi EFL teachers’ construction of assessment tasks, the influence the tasks had on students’ learning and the extent to which teachers’ assessment practices were in alignment with recommended assessment practices. The data were collected through analyzing teachers’ summative assessment tasks and a student survey with both close and open-ended questions. Apart from the participants’ responses to the open-ended questions of the survey, the data went through quantitative data analysis for frequencies and percentages. The findings revealed a serious incongruity between teachers’ assessment tasks and course learning outcomes. For instance, higher order learning outcomes were not assessed at all. Most of the tasks were selected-response questions (SRQs). As confirmed by the survey data, the assessment tasks mainly triggered memorization as a learning strategy. Therefore, suggestions are made that university teachers’ professional development with particular focus on their assessment literacy is placed at the center of higher education policies. Without valid assessment in place, the edifice of Saudi (higher) education system may lose its efficacy.
Electronic Structure and Dipole Moment Calculations of the Electronic States of the Molecule ZnS
Authors: Youssef Abeer , Younes Ghassan , Korek Mahmoud
Published: February 2018

In this study, the low lying electronic states and spectroscopy of diatomic molecule ZnS in addition to its dipole moments have been investigated by performing highly correlated ab initio calculations, the Complete Active Space Self Consistent Field (CASSCF) method with Multi Reference Configuration Interaction (MRCI+Q) for an accurate picture for these states. The proposed study includes information about the potential energy curves of the lowest 12 singlet and 9 triplet electronic states of the molecule ZnS, in the representation 2s+1Λ(+/-). Nine of these states have been studied here for the first time. The harmonic frequency we, the internuclear distance re, the electronic energy with respect to the ground state Te, the rotational constant Be, and the permanent dipole moment μ have been calculated, compared and compiled with the available existing data to illustrate the electronic characteristics. The comparison of these values reveals a very good agreement.
Drought Monitoring in the Dry Zone of Myanmar using MODIS Derived NDVI and Satellite Derived CHIRPS Precipitation Data
Authors: Dutta Rishiraj
Published: February 2018

Drought has become an increasingly frequent phenomena around the globe causing negative impacts on ecosystems, agriculture, and socio-economic conditions. While efforts have been underway for developing effective monitoring and risk management measures, it still remains a challenge in countries like Myanmar where access to observed and near real time data is a constraint. This study therefore, tries to derive correlations between MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) data to see if some empirical relationships can be established. Statistical analysis showed that strong correlation (R² = 0.74 and 0.82) exist between NDVI and CHIRPS data indicating that vegetation stress conditions observed in the Dry Zone of Myanmar is due to insufficient precipitation conditions. The analysis also showed that the region had faced with three extreme conditions during the period from 1981-2015 with 2014 and 2015 being the extreme event. It further concluded that NDVI and CHIRPS could provide near real time information on vegetation stress situations of the Dry Zone of Myanmar.