bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single and Multiwavelength Detection of Coronal Dimming and Coronal Wave Using Faster R-CNN
Authors: Xie Zongxia , Ji Chunyang
Published: July 2019

Automatic detection of solar events, especially uncommon events such as coronal dimming (CD) and coronal wave (CW), is very important in solar physics research. The CD and CW are not only related to the detection of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) but also affect space weather. In this paper, we have studied methods for automatically detecting them. In addition, we have collected and processed a dataset that includes the solar images and event records, where the solar images come from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) of Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the event records come from Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase (HEK). Different from the methods used before, we introduce the idea of deep learning. We train single-wavelength and multiwavelength models based on Faster R-CNN. In terms of accuracy, the single-wavelength model performs better. The multiwavelength model has a better detection performance on multiple solar events than the single-wavelength model.
Extracting Origin-Destination with Vehicle Trajectory Data and Applying to Coordinated Ramp Metering
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Wang Jiawen , Lai Jintao , Yang Xiaoguang , Su Yuelong , Dong Zhenning
Published: July 2019

Ramp metering is an effective measure to alleviate freeway congestion. Traditional methods were mostly based on fixed-sensor data, by which origin-destination (OD) patterns cannot be directly collected. Nowadays, trajectory data are available to track vehicle movements. OD patterns can be estimated with weaker assumptions and hence closer to reality. Ramp metering can be improved with this advantage. This paper extracts OD patterns with historical trajectory data. A validation test is proposed to guarantee the sample representativeness of vehicle trajectories and then implement coordinated ramp metering based on the contribution of on-ramp traffic to downstream bottleneck sections. The contribution is determined by the OD patterns. Simulation experiments are conducted under real-life scenarios. Results show that ramp metering with trajectory data increases the throughput by another 4% compared with traditional fixed-sensor data. The advantage is more significant under heavier traffic demand, where traditional control can hardly relieve the situation; in contrast, our control manages to make congestion dissipate earlier and even prevent its forming in some sections. Penetration of trajectory data influences control effects. The minimum required penetration of 4.0% is determined by a t-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient. When penetration is less than the minimum, the correlation between the estimation and the truth significantly drops, OD estimation tends to be unreliable, and control performance becomes more sensitive. The proposed approach is effective in recurrent freeway congestion with steady OD patterns. It is ready for practice and the analysis supports the real-world application.
An Atypical Case of Rickettsial Spotted Fever Myocarditis Mimicking Weil’s Disease
Authors: Ehelepola N. D. B. , Kumara G. D. N. R. , Sapurugala S. A. C. S. , Buddhadasa W. M. N. P. , Dissanayake Wasantha P.
Published: July 2019

A 65-year-old previously healthy male presented to us on the fourth day of a febrile illness with headache, arthralgia, myalgia, nausea, cough, chest pain, sore throat, and passing of watery stools and dark urine with a history of exposure to leptospirosis during a dengue outbreak. On examination, there was dehydration and hypovolemia, and an ultrasound scan revealed capillary leakage. His liver transaminases, serum creatine, blood urea, C-reactive protein, and neutrophil percentage were high, and thrombocytopenia was present. Moreover, myocarditis has been detected too. Supportive therapy with intravenous ceftriaxone was administered, considering possible Weil’s disease or dengue hemorrhagic fever with secondary bacterial infection. Serological tests, performed later, diagnosed him with a Rickettsia conorii infection and excluded dengue, leptospirosis, and hantavirus infections. Repeat 2D echocardiograms showed mild improvement of his cardiac failure after one month and a more improvement after eight months. Clinical features of the rickettsial spotted fever group (SFG) and leptospirosis overlap. Leptospirosis is common; thus, the risk of overlooking SFG and diagnosing leptospirosis is likely. Tests for differentiation are unavailable in Sri Lankan hospitals and in many other developing countries. Empirical doxycycline in suspected cases of SFG infections in areas where rickettsioses are prevalent can save lives as in this case.
Tumor Mutation Burden and Prognosis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Treated with Adjuvant Fluoropyrimidine and Oxaliplatin
Authors: Lee Dae-Won , Han Sae-Won , Bae Jeong Mo , Jang Hoon , Han Hyojun , Kim Hyoki , Bang Duhee , Jeong Seung-Yong , Park Kyu Joo , Kang Gyeong Hoon , Kim Tae-You
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

Recent sequencing studies revealed that a subset of colorectal cancer harbors a significantly higher number of somatic mutations. These hypermutated tumors show distinct clinicopathologic features. However, the prognostic impact of the hypermutated tumors is not clearly established.

Experimental Design:

We analyzed tumor mutation burden (TMB) from targeted next-generation sequencing data of 40 major genes in 516 patients with colorectal cancer. TMB was defined as total number of nonsynonymous mutations per tumor. Cutoff value for TMB-high was chosen by which best discriminated relapse-free survival (RFS) using the Contal and O'Quigley method.

Results:

In the TCGA data, mutation count of the selected 40 genes reflected the whole exome mutation burden (Pearson correlation = 0.873, P < 0.001). In our patient cohort, 8 or more mutations in the 40 genes was defined as TMB-high, which best discriminated RFS. A total of 55 patients (10.7%) had TMB-high. TMB-high tumors were more frequently found in a proximal location (63.6%) and had a higher proportion of N0 disease (30.9%) and MSI-H (49.1%) compared with TMB-low. Most importantly, TMB-high was associated with better 5-year RFS compared with TMB-low (96.3% vs. 79.8%, P = 0.005). Although there was significant overlap between TMB-high and MSI-H, MSI-H status was not significantly associated with RFS. Multivariate analysis revealed TMB-high as an independent positive prognostic factor for RFS [adjusted HR, 0.16 (95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.66), P = 0.011].

Conclusions:

TMB-high is associated with better prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer treated with curative surgery followed by adjuvant fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin chemotherapy.
Dietary resource partitioning among age-sex classes of Agama agama (Squamata: Agamidae) assessed by fecal pellet analysis
Authors: Rabiu Safanu
Published: July 2019

Dietary resource partitioning among age-sex classes of Agama agama (Squamata: Agamidae) assessed by fecal pellet analysis. Dietary analysis is critical to understand the ecological roles of lizards, especially of species of Agama that are colonizing continents and islands from which they were previously absent. The foraging habits of four groups—viz., adult females, adult males, and young and juveniles (of both sexes)—of Agama agama in Nigeria were observed to assess the diet of the lizards and the contribution of the diet to separating age-sex classes. The claim that fying arthropods are less likely to be eaten by lizards was tested, and the hypothesis of dietary opportunism was explored. Sets (3–5 pellets) of 1453 fecal pellets collected during a 2-yr period were linked to individual lizards. Multivariate discriminant analysis of individual food items showed 61% lizards were correctly classifed to age-sex. However, items pooled into composite food groups, yielded fewer (43%) correctly classifed lizards. Cluster Analysis indicated that individual foods were less common (46.3%) to lizard classes than composite foods (76.1%). Thus, lizard age-sex classes are better differentiated when prey item is identifed at the lowest possible taxonomic level. Overall, arthropods are the largest, composite food for all lizard classes but, the relative amounts of different arthropod taxa varies signifcantly, and is highest for Diptera. Other foods include plants, seeds, and non-arthropod animal material. Differing coeffcients of variation accentuate dietary disparities within classes. Proportions of most individual and composite diet items differ signifcantly by month, season, and study site. Although consumed by lizards, no traces of white mold were found in the feces; this underscores the value of combining fecal analysis with surveillance of foraging habits of Agama agama.
Microvascular Disease, Peripheral Artery Disease, and Amputation
Authors: Beckman Joshua A. , Duncan Meredith S. , Damrauer Scott M. , Wells Quinn S. , Barnett Joey V. , Wasserman David H. , Bedimo Roger J. , Butt Adeel A. , Marconi Vincent C. , Sico Jason J. , Tindle Hilary A. , Bonaca Marc P. , Aday Aaron W. , Freiberg Matthew S.
Published: July 2019

Background:

The mechanism of adverse limb events associated with peripheral artery disease remains incompletely understood. We investigated whether microvascular disease is associated with amputation in a large cohort of veterans to determine whether microvascular disease diagnosed in any location increases the risk of amputation alone and in concert with peripheral artery disease.

Methods:

Participants in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study were recruited from April 1, 2003 through December 31, 2014. We excluded participants with known prior lower limb amputation. Using time-updated Cox proportional hazards regression, we analyzed the effect of prevalent microvascular disease (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) and peripheral artery disease status on the risk of incident amputation events after adjusting for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors.

Results:

Among 125 674 veterans without evidence of prior amputation at baseline, the rate of incident amputation over a median of 9.3 years of follow-up was 1.16 per 1000 person-years, yielding a total of 1185 amputations. In time-updated multivariable-adjusted analyses, compared with those without peripheral artery disease or microvascular disease, microvascular disease alone was associated with a 3.7-fold (95% CI, 3.0–4.6) increased risk of amputation; peripheral artery disease alone conferred a 13.9-fold (95% CI, 11.3–17.1) elevated risk of amputation; and the combination of peripheral artery disease and microvascular disease was associated with a 22.7-fold (95% CI, 18.3–28.1) increased risk of amputation.

Conclusions:

Independent of traditional risk factors, the presence of microvascular disease increases the risk of amputation alone and synergistically increases risk in patients with peripheral artery disease. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which this occurs.
İNSANİ GELİŞME ENDEKSİ BAĞLAMINDA AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NE ÜYE VE ADAY ÜLKELERİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ
Authors: ZANBAK Mehmet , ÖZEŞ ÖZGÜR Reyhan
Published: July 2019

Ulusal gelir seviyesinin yüksek olması, bir ülkenin gelişmiş
olarak nitelendirilmesi için gerekli ancak yeterli bir koşul değildir. Kalkınma
sürecini yaşayan birçok ülkede sosyal sorunların çözümlenememesi, ekonomik
büyüme ve insani gelişme arasındaki ilişkinin önemini arttırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda
Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından yayımlanan raporlarda insani gelişme, bir
ülkenin ulusal geliri ile birlikte, eğitim ve sağlığa ilişkin göstergelerini de
dikkate alarak ölçülmektedir. Bu çalışmada da 2005-2017 döneminde, seçilmiş
Avrupa Birliği üyesi ve Türkiye'nin de içinde bulunduğu aday ülkelerin,
Birleşmiş Milletlerin ölçütleriyle hesaplanmış insani gelişme endeksi değerleri
karşılaştırılmakta ve üyeliğin olası etkileri değerlendirilmektedir. Elde
edilen bulgular, insani gelişme bakımından en avantajlı konumda yer alan Avrupa
Birliği’nin kurucu ülkelerini, adaylığını 2015 yılında geri çeken İzlanda’nın
yakından takip ettiğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte üyeliğe kabul
edilmelerine karşın,
Bulgaristan, Hırvatistan ve Romanya'nın ise çok büyük bir gelişme gösteremediği
söylenebilir. Ayrıca, aday statüsünü sürdüren Makedonya'nın tüm ülkeler
arasında en düşük performansa sahip ülke olduğunu, Türkiye'nin ise nispeten
geride ancak en hızlı değişimi gerçekleştiren ülkelerin başında geldiğini
vurgulamak mümkündür.
Örgütselsel Ustalığın (Çift Yönlülük) Kurumsal İmaj Ve Kurumsal İtibar Üzerindeki Etkisi:Bir Alan Araştırması
Authors: ERŞAHAN Burcu , BAKAN İsmail , BÜYÜKBEŞE Tuba , SOĞANCI Gülbahar
Published: July 2019

Bu
çalışma, örgütsel ustalığın (çiftyönlülük) kurumsal imaj ve kurumsal itibar
değişkenleri üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek için yapılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda
önce literatür değerlendirmesi yapılarak kavramsal çerçeve oluşturulmuş,
ardından, yapılan araştırmanın bulgularıpaylaşılmıştır.  Çalışmanın uygulama kısmında Akdeniz bölgesinde
bulunan bir devletüniversitesindegörev yapanakademik ve idari personel üzerinden
nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan anket çalışmasıuygulanmıştır. Bu
uygulama sonucunda elde edilen bulgular değerlendirilmiş,örgütsel ustalığın kurumsal
imaj ve kurumsal itibara etkisi olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
‘Strasbourg was something new, it was an adventure’
Authors: Lavrysen Laurens
Published: July 2019

In recent years, a burgeoning literature has focused on the history of human rights in general and the history of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in particular. In order to understand how the ECHR gradually managed to gain authority in diverse national settings, it is necessary to complement transnational historical perspectives with studies of national reception histories. The present article approaches the history of the ECHR in Belgium by focusing on the history of the Belgian cases in Strasbourg, which have played an important role in contributing to the ‘discovery’ of the ECHR in the Belgian legal system. On the basis of interviews with actors involved in the early cases against Belgium, it was possible to determine their position in the Belgian legal landscape as well as their motivations and aspirations in going to Strasbourg. Moreover, these interviews allowed gaining insight into the circumstances out of which litigation against Belgium arose.
De 19e-eeuwse geschiedenis van de Nederlandse wetenschap van het burgerlijke recht? Helemaal niet!
Authors: Chorus Jeroen M.J.
Published: July 2019

This article reviews C.J.H. Jansen’s attempt to write the history of Private Law (except for Commercial Law) doctrine in The Netherlands during the 19th Century. Regrettably, Jansen’s book does next to nothing discuss academic and other scholarly writings on the Law of Property and of Obligations, and does not at all discuss such writings on the Law of Persons and the Family, of Juristic Persons and of Succession. It only deals with aspects of methodology, of sources of law and of extra-legal factors which inspired some authors, apart from pouring out over the reader lots of facts unconnected with Private Law doctrine. The book’s title is misleading.
Integrating Human Rights in the Paris Climate Architecture: Contest, Context, and Consequence
Authors: Rajamani Lavanya
Published: July 2019

In the wake of the disappointing outcome of cop 24/cma 3.1 in relation to human rights, this article asks whether the Paris Agreement’s preambular recital on human rights is the outer limit of what the regime can countenance, as the text appears to suggest, or whether it is a hook for the gradual mainstreaming and expansion of human rights protections in the climate regime, as many human rights advocates hope. To address this question, the article explores the contest over the manner and extent to which human rights law applies in the climate change regime, as well as the context in which it is set in relation to the evolution of the climate regime from a prescriptive to a facilitative regime. The article concludes that procedural rights and commitments, which leave considerable discretion to states in relation to outcomes, slot neatly into the Paris Agreement’s architecture, and will likely be progressively mainstreamed and expanded. However, a significant expansion of substantive human rights protections in the climate regime will need to await its moment.
The (Unequal) Relationship between Hong Kong’s Waters and China’s Baselines
Authors: Jørgensen Nina H.B.
Published: July 2019

This article aims to clarify the legal relationship between Hong Kong’s maritime areas and China’s baseline system by conducting an historical inquiry into how the current status quo was reached and considering the implications for Hong Kong’s future development. China’s well-known position is that the treaties granting authority to the British in Hong Kong, including the ninety-nine year lease of the New Territories, were ‘unequal’ and therefore invalid so that sovereignty over the land and waters of Hong Kong never left Chinese hands and this position would be recognized and remedied at the appropriate time. As the Hong Kong experience illustrates, when territory is surrendered or leased, rights and claims are altered and sometimes extended. The historical evolution of those rights and claims therefore impacts on current territorial relationships. The example of Hong Kong may additionally serve as a reference point for modern day lease arrangements concerning coastal territory made outside the colonial context.
A new species of Cryptothecia (Arthoniales, Arthoniaceae) from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India
Authors: SINGH PUSHPI
Published: July 2019

Cryptothecia panchganiensis, a new lichen species is described from the Western Ghats, India. It is characterized by verrucose heteromerous thallus, distinctly raised whitish ascigerous areas, small muriform ascospores and produces barbatic acid and zeorin.
Four new species of Syringolaimus De Man, 1888 (Nematoda: Ironidae) from the Southeast Atlantic (Brazil), with redefinition of valid species and the proposal of a new key
Authors: DE CÁSSIA COELHO LIMA RITA , LINS LIDIA , DA SILVA MARIA CRISTINA , ESTEVES ANDRÉ MORGADO
Published: July 2019

Syringolaimus is the most abundant and diverse genus of the family Ironidae (Nematoda) found in the Campos Basin, off Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In this article, four new species of this genus are described. S. annae sp. n. is characterized by a conical-cylindrical tail without a spinneret. S. magdae sp. n. possesses a pair of ejaculatory glands located in the precloacal region, and a spinneret, which comprises 21.2% of the total tail length. In S. smolae sp. n. the spicule is setiform. S. taniae sp. n. has the anterior region of the tail rounded, with its terminal portion cylindrical-filiform.
Thylakogaster namibiensis sp. nov. (Isopoda: Asellota: Janiroidea), a new species of Haplomunnidae from the southeast Atlantic deep sea
Authors: BRENKE NILS , BUSCHMANN ANIKA
Published: July 2019

Thylakogaster namibiensis sp. nov., a new deep-sea species belonging to the family Haplomunnidae Wilson, 1976 is described from the southeast Atlantic Ocean. The differences of the new species to the other species of the genus Thylakogaster Wilson and Hessler, 1974 are discussed. Main characters distinguishing T. namibiensis sp. nov. from its congeners are the presence of cuticular spines on the lateral margins of the pereonites 1–7, the low number of spines on the pleotelson, and the number of five terminal flagellar articles bearing aesthetascs on the antenna 1 of the copulatory male. The new species, T. namibiensis, is the first member of this genus found in the southeast Atlantic Ocean and at a depth of 5415 m, it is also the deepest which a member of the genus has ever been found.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a known and a new hydrothermal vent octopod: their relationships with the genus Benthoctopus (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae)
Authors: STRUGNELL JAN , VOIGHT JANET R. , COLLINS PATRICK C. , ALLCOCK A. LOUISE
Published: July 2019

The resolution of evolutionary relationships among deep-sea incirrate octopuses has been hindered by the paucity of individuals available for morphological studies and by the lack of tissue samples preserved using fixatives compatible with simple DNA extraction techniques. Evolutionary relationships from 11 species of deep-sea incirrate octopuses were investigated using 2392 base pairs (bp) of DNA from four mitochondrial genes (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit III, and cytochrome b) and the nuclear gene, rhodopsin. Morphological examination of these species was also undertaken. Molecular analyses distinguish a species of octopus from hydrothermal vents at Manus Basin from the vent octopodid Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis known from vents on the East Pacific Rise. Both are herein considered members of the clade currently assigned the name Benthoctopus, although taxonomic implications preclude formally naming Vulcanoctopus as a junior synonym. Morphological investigations led to the conclusion that Benthoctopus macrophallus is a junior synonym of Benthoctopus yaquinae. An amended diagnosis of Benthoctopus is provided with additional information on male reproductive characteristics.
Psychropotid holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Elasipodida) collected at abyssal depths from around the Crozet Plateau in the Southern Indian Ocean
Authors: ROGACHEVA ANTONINA , CROSS IAN A. , BILLETT DAVID S. M.
Published: July 2019

Seven species of holothurians of the family Psychropotidae were collected during the cruise D300 of RRS Discovery to Crozet plateau. Three of them, Benthodytes wolffi, Psycheotrephes discoveryi and Psychropotes xenochromata are described as new to science. One species, Benthodytes abyssicola Théel, regarded recently as incertae sedis, is redescribed with designation of a lectotype. Additional notes are provided to descriptions of Psychropotes scotiae (Vaney) known from two specimens and Psychropotes longicauda Théel, the cosmopolitan highly variable species.
Peniagone crozeti a new species of elasipodid holothurian from abyssal depths off the Crozet Islands in the Southern Indian Ocean
Authors: CROSS IAN A. , GEBRUK ANDREY , ROGACHEVA ANTONINA , BILLETT DAVID S.M.
Published: July 2019

Material collected from the RRS Discovery Cruise 300 to the Crozet Islands contained a new species of elasipodid holothurian Peniagone crozeti sp. nov. This new species dominated the megafauna at an abyssal site to the east of the islands under an area of high surface productivity, but was found in low abundance at a site located south of the islands under a high nutrient low chlorophyll regime, typical for many areas in the Southern Ocean. Peniagone crozeti differs from other members of the genus by the shape of its calcareous deposits.
Global genetic homogeneity in the deep-sea foraminiferan Epistominella exigua (Rotaliida: Pseudoparrellidae)
Authors: LECROQ BEATRICE , GOODAY ANDREW JOHN , PAWLOWSKI JAN
Published: July 2019

Epistominella exigua is one of the most common deep-sea foraminiferal morphospecies and has a world-wide distribution. A recent molecular study revealed high genetic similarity between Arctic, Atlantic and Antarctic populations of this species. Here, we show that the small-subunit (SSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences of an E. exigua population from Pacific are almost identical to those reported previously from the other three oceans. This result confirms the genetic homogeneity of E. exigua, which contrasts with the prevalence of highly differentiated populations in planktonic and shallow-water benthic foraminiferans. We discuss special features of diversifications mechanisms in the deep sea that may be responsible for the lack of genetic differentiation and global distribution of some meiofauna species.
Two new species of Sabatieria Rouville (Nematoda: Comesomatidae) with conical-cylindrical tails, from Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: BOTELHO ALESSANDRA PRATES , DA SILVA MARIA CRISTINA , SOBRAL LUCIANA DAVINA TOSTA , FONSÊCA-GENEVOIS VERÔNICA GOMES
Published: July 2019

Sabatieria is the most abundant nematode genus on the Campos Basin continental slope. Two new species are described here. Sabatieria exilis sp. n. has a small rounded head and a narrow pharynx with a cuticularized anterior end. Sabatieria fidelis sp. n. has a short outstretched testis, spicules directed ventrally and shaped like the tip of a dropper, the gubernaculum with a v-shaped cuticularized area in the distal part, short cephalic and somatic setae, and a longer tail.
Unexplored richness: discovery of 31 new species of Giant Pill-Millipedes endemic to Madagascar, with a special emphasis on microendemism (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida)
Authors: WESENER THOMAS
Published: July 2019

Thirty-one new species of giant pill-millipedes (order Sphaerotheriida) endemic to Madagascar are described: Zoosphaerium haackeri n. sp., Z. album n. sp., Z. discolor n. sp., Z. mitoho n. sp., Z. pulchellum n. sp., Z. endemicum n. sp., Z. xerophilum n. sp., Z. aureum n. sp., Z. pseudopriapus n. sp., Z. pseudoplatylabum n. sp., Z. solitarium n. sp., Z. tsingy n. sp., Z. corystoides n. sp., Z. broelemanni n. sp., Z. amabile n. sp., Z. trichordum n. sp., Z. smaragdinum n. sp., Z. ambrense n. sp., Z. isalo n. sp., Z. bilobum n. sp., Z. tampolo n. sp., Z. ignotum n. sp., Z. tainkintana n. sp., Z. viridissimum n. sp., Z. denticulatum n. sp., Z. pseudoblandum n. sp., Z. micropiligerum n. sp., Z. pseudopiligerum n. sp., Z. analavelona n. sp. and Z. fisheri n. sp., and Microsphaerotherium anjozorobe n. sp.. Twenty-eight of the Zoosphaerium species already fit into established species-groups. A key to all 55 recognizable Malagasy Sphaerotheriida species is given. Forty-two of the 55 giant pill-millipede species are ecosystem endemics, while 26 are geographically microendemic. The number of microendemic species is disproportionately distributed among Malagasy ecosystems. All 13 species restricted to the montane rainforest as well as all five species restricted to the Eastern littoral forest are microendemic. On the other hand, only two out of seven dry forest species, one out of seven rainforest species and one out of five spiny forest species are microendemics. A special emphasis is placed on two species endemic to the unique Western rainforest site of Analavelona, which is currently not protected.
Taxonomic revision of the African bee subgenera Patellapis, Chaetalictus and Lomatalictus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae, genus Patellapis Friese 1909)
Authors: TIMMERMANN KIM , KUHLMANN MICHAEL
Published: July 2019

The African bee subgenera Patellapis (s. str.), P. (Chaetalictus) and P. (Lomatalictus) are revised. They comprise 71 species, of which 39 species are here described as new: P. (P.) bidentata sp. n., P. (P.) bifurcata sp. n., P. (P.) braunsi sp. n., P. (P.) depressa sp. n., P. (P.) doleritica sp. n., P. (P.) gessorum sp. n., P. (P.) hakkiesdraadi sp. n., P. (P.) impunctata sp. n., P. (P.) karooensis sp. n., P. (P.) longifacies sp. n., P. (P.) mandela sp. n., P. (P.) problematica sp. n., P. (P.) pseudomontagui sp. n., P. (P.) pseudorubricata sp. n., P. (P.) reticulata sp. n., P. (P.) richtersveldi sp. n., P. (P.) rubricata sp. n., P. (Ch.) abnormis sp. n., P. (Ch.) africana sp. n., P. (Ch.) cameroni sp. n., P. (Ch.) cockerelli sp. n., P. (Ch.) drakensbergensis sp. n., P. (Ch.) eardleyi sp. n., P. (Ch.) friesei sp. n., P. (Ch.) fynbosensis sp. n., P. (Ch.) gruenebergensis sp. n., P. (Ch.) micheneri sp. n., P. (Ch.) namaquensis sp. n., P. (Ch.) natalensis sp. n., P. (Ch.) ninae sp. n., P. (Ch.) paulyi sp. n., P. (Ch.) renosterveldi sp. n., P. (Ch.) rozeni sp. n., P. (Ch.) sabinae sp. n., P. (Ch.) sakagamii sp. n., P. (Ch.) stoeberia sp. n., P. (Ch.) timpageleri sp. n., P. (Ch.) turneri sp. n. and P. (Ch.) virungae sp. n. New synonymies are proposed for P. (P.) pallidicinctula (Cockerell 1939) syn. n. = P. (P.) communis (Smith 1879); P. (Ch.) micropastina (Cockerell 1940) syn. n = P. (Ch.) pastinella (Cockerell 1939); P. (Ch.) schönlandi (Cameron 1905) syn. n., P. (Ch.) probita (Cockerell 1933) syn. n., P. (Ch.) neli (Cockerell 1937) syn. n., P. (Ch.) calvini (Cockerell 1937) syn. n., P. (Ch.) ausica (Cockerell 1945) syn. n. = P. (Ch.) pearstonensis (Cameron 1905); P. (Ch.) rubrotibialis (Cockerell 1946) syn. n. = P. (Ch.) platti (Cockerell 1937); P. (Ch.) sanguinibasis (Cockerell 1939) syn. n. = P. (Ch.) pondoensis (Cockerell 1937); P. (Ch.) atricilla (Cockerell 1940) syn. n. = P. (Ch.) vumbensis (Cockerell 1940); P. (L.) levisculpta (Cockerell 1939) syn. n., P. (L.) suprafulva (Cockerell 1946) syn. n. = P. (L.) malachurina (Cockerell 1937). The species P. mosselina (Cockerell 1945), P. pastinops (Cockerell 1941) and P. tenuicincta (Cockerell 1939) are transferred to Lasioglossum. The type material of P. katangensis (Cockerell 1934), P. rufiventris (Friese 1909), and P. volutatoria (Cameron 1905) was not retrievable. All species are (re)described, a key for species identification is provided and species distributions are mapped.
Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk
Authors: TRACY JAMES L. , ROBBINS THOMAS O.
Published: July 2019

The primarily Palearctic Diorhabda elongata species group is established for five Tamarix-feeding sibling species(tamarisk beetles): D. elongata (Brullé, 1832), D. carinata (Faldermann, 1837), D. sublineata (Lucas, 1849) REVISEDSTATUS, D. carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870), and D. meridionalis Berti & Rapilly, 1973 NEW STATUS. Diorhabdakoltzei ab. basicornis Laboissière, 1935 and D. e. deserticola Chen, 1961 are synonymized under D. carinulata NEWSYNONYMY. Illustrated keys utilize genitalia, including male endophallic sclerites and female vaginal palpi andinternal sternite VIII. Distribution, comparative biogeography, biology, and potential in biological control of Tamarix inNorth America are reviewed. Diorhabda elongata is circummediterranean, favoring Mediterranean and temperate forestsof Italy to western Turkey. Diorhabda carinata resides in warm temperate grasslands, deserts, and forests of southernUkraine south to Iraq and east to western China. Diorhabda sublineata occupies Mediterranean woodlands from Franceto North Africa and subtropical deserts east to Iraq. Diorhabda carinulata primarily inhabits cold temperate deserts ofMongolia and China west to Russia and south to montane grasslands and warm deserts in southern Iran. Diorhabdameridionalis primarily occupies maritime subtropical deserts of southern Pakistan and Iran to Syria. Northern climatypesof D. carinulata are effective in Tamarix biological control, especially in the Great Basin desert. Diorhabda elongata isprobably best suited to Mediterranean woodlands of northern California. Northern climatypes of D. carinata may be bestsuited for central U.S. grasslands. Diorhabda sublineata, D. meridionalis, and southern climatypes of D. carinata and D. carinulata may each be uniquely suited to areas of the southwestern U.S.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Scybalocanthon Martínez, 1948 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)
Authors: SILVA FERNANDO A. B. , VALOIS MARCELY
Published: July 2019

The genus Scybalocanthon Martínez, 1948 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini) is revised and now consists of 23 valid species. Eight new species are described: S. acrianus new species, S. adisi new species, S. arnaudi new species, S. chamorroi new species, S. federicoescobari new species, S. haroldi new species, S. martinezi new species, and S. papaxibe new species. Scybalocanthon uniplagiatus (Schmidt, 1922) new combination is placed in the genus for the first time. The following species previously assigned to Scybalocanthon are here placed in the genus Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817: Canthon arcabuquensis (Molano & Medina, 2010) new combination, Canthon balachowskyi (Martínez & Halffter, 1972) new combination, Canthon luctuosus Harold, 1868, Canthon magnus (Molano & Parrales, 2015) new combination, and Canthon nigellus Schmidt, 1922. Scybalocanthon imitans (Harold, 1868) is a new junior subjective synonym of S. sexspilotus (Guérin-Méneville, 1855) and S. zischkai Martínez, 1949 is a new junior subjective synonym of S. aereus (Schmidt, 1922). Lectotypes are designated for S. aereus (Schmidt, 1922), S. cyanocephalus (Harold, 1868), S. darlingtoni (Paulian, 1939), S. kaestneri (Balthasar, 1939), S. maculatus (Schmidt, 1920), S. moniliatus (Bates, 1887), S. pinopterus (Kirsch, 1873), S. pygidialis (Schmidt, 1922), S. trimaculatus (Schmidt, 1922), and S. uniplagiatus (Schmidt, 1922). A neotype is designated for S. sexspilotus (Guérin-Méneville, 1855). A detailed literature review, synonymies, diagnosis, key for species identification, illustration of key morphological characters, as well as data of the studied material and geographic distribution are provided for each species.
Review of the genus Phyllotrella Gorochov, with descriptions of three new species from China (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Podoscirtinae: Podoscirtini)
Authors: SUN KAI , LIU HAO-YU
Published: July 2019

Three new species of Phyllotrella Gorochov, 1988 are described: P. hainanensis sp. nov. (China: Hainan), P. transversa sp. nov. (China: Guangdong, Guangxi) and P. fumingi sp. nov. (China: Guangdong), which are illustrated with the habitus, metanotal gland, phallus and anal plate of the male. P. planidorsalis Gorochov, 1988 is excluded from Chinese fauna. A distribution map and a key of all species of Phyllotrella are provided.
Observed Synergies between Urban Heat Islands and Heat Waves and Their Controlling Factors in Shanghai, China
Authors: Ao Xiangyu , Wang Liang , Zhi Xing , Gu Wen , Yang Hequn , Li Dan
Published: July 2019

There is an ongoing debate as to whether the UHI intensity (UHII) is enhanced or dampened under heat waves (HWs). Using a comprehensive dataset including continuous surface energy flux data for three summers (2016–18) and automated weather station data for six summers (2013–18) in Shanghai, China, we find synergies between UHIs and HWs when either a coastal or an inland suburban site is used as the reference site. We further find that during HWs, the increase of net radiation at the urban site is larger than that at the suburban site. More importantly, the latent heat flux is slightly reduced at the urban site but is slightly increased at the suburban site, while the increase of the sensible heat flux is larger at the urban site. This change of surface energy partitioning, together with the increased anthropogenic heat flux during HWs, exacerbates the UHII. The change of surface energy partitioning is consistent with the observed decrease of relative humidity ratio between urban and suburban areas. The UHII is stronger when the regional wind speed is reduced and under sea breeze, both of which are found to be associated with HWs in our study region. This study suggests that there are multiple factors controlling the interactions between UHIs and HWs, which may explain why synergies between UHIs and HWs are only found in certain metropolitan regions and/or under certain HW events.
A Climatology of Rain-on-Snow Events for Norway
Authors: Pall Pardeep , Tallaksen Lena M. , Stordal Frode
Published: July 2019

Rain-on-snow (ROS) events are multivariate hydrometeorological phenomena that require a combination of rain and snowpack, with complex processes occurring on and within the snowpack. Impacts include floods and landslides, and rain may freeze within the snowpack or on bare ground, potentially affecting vegetation, wildlife, and permafrost. ROS events occur mainly in high-latitude and mountainous areas, where sparse observational networks hinder accurate quantification—as does a scale mismatch between coarse-resolution (50–100 km) reanalysis products and localized events. Variability in the rain–snow temperature threshold and temperature sensitivity of snowmelt adds additional uncertainty. Here the high-resolution (1 km) seNorge hydrometeorological dataset, capturing complex topography and drainage networks, is utilized to produce the first large-scale climatology of ROS events for mainland Norway. For daily data spanning 1957–2016, suitable rain and snowpack thresholds for defining ROS events are applied to construct ROS climatologies for 1961–90 and 1981–2010 and to investigate trends. Differing ROS characteristics are found, reflecting Norway’s diverse climates. Relative to 1961–90, events in the 1981–2010 period decrease most in the southwest low elevations in winter, southeast in spring, and north in summer (consistent with less snow cover in a warming climate) and increase most in the southwest high elevations, central mountains, and north in winter–spring (consistent with increased precipitation and/or more snow falling as rain in a warming climate). Winter–spring events also broadly correlate with the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the Scandinavia pattern—and more so with the Arctic Oscillation, particularly in the southern mountain region where long-term ROS trends are significant (+0.50 and +0.33 daily ROS counts per kilometer squared per decade for winter and spring).
Migratory Tropical Cyclones in the South China Sea Modulated by Intraseasonal Oscillations and Climatological Circulations
Authors: Chen Jau-Ming , Wu Ching-Hsuan , Gao Jianyun , Chung Pei-Hsuan , Sui Chung-Hsiung
Published: July 2019

This study focuses on the migratory tropical cyclones (TCs) that form in the western North Pacific (WNP) and move into the South China Sea (SCS). Their movements are found to be modulated differently by intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) and climatological circulations through the TC-active months. The modulating processes of climatological circulations vary from a westward intensifying western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) in July and August to a southeastward extending monsoon trough (MT) in September, and a strengthening equatorial trough (ET) in October and November. In July and August, enhanced tropical ISO convections in the SCS are accompanied by a 30–60-day anomalous anticyclone to the northeast of the SCS. The migratory TCs move along the southern peripheries of this anomalous anticyclone and the WPSH into the SCS. In September, enhanced ISO convections in the SCS coincide with a meridional 30–60-day circulation pair with an anomalous anticyclone to the north of 20°N and an anomalous cyclone to the south. TCs move in between this meridional 30–60-day circulation pair and the northern periphery of the MT toward the SCS. In October and November, enhanced ISO convections in the SCS and WNP coexist with an overlying 30–60-day anomalous cyclone and an intensified ET. The migratory TCs move along the northern sections of this 30–60-day anomalous cyclone and the ET toward the SCS. With a different track, TCs recurving northward from the tropical WNP into the region east of Taiwan are modulated by completely different variability features of the 30–60-day ISO and climatological circulations.
The Zonal Dipole Pattern of Tropical Cyclone Genesis in the Indian Ocean Influenced by the Tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies
Authors: Yuan Junpeng , Gao Yong , Feng Dian , Yang Yali
Published: July 2019

From a basinwide perspective, the dominant mode of Indian Ocean tropical cyclone genesis (TCG) in September–November (SON) shows an equatorially symmetric east–west zonal dipole pattern, which can explain approximately 13% of the SON TCG variance. This zonal dipole TCG pattern is significantly related to the tripole pattern of the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean (IPT). The IPT, which is a combined interbasin mode and presents a dipole pattern of SSTAs in the tropical Indian Ocean and El Niño–like SSTAs in the tropical Pacific Ocean, can influence the local Walker circulation and zonal dipole TCG pattern over the tropical Indian Ocean. Associated with a positive IPT phase, abnormal ascending (descending) motions are induced and favorable for more (less) water vapor transport to the lower–middle level in the western (eastern) tropical Indian Ocean; significant anticyclonic vorticity anomalies are evoked in the lower level over the eastern tropical Indian Ocean, and weak easterly vertical wind shear appears over the tropical Indian Ocean. Thus, abnormally strong upward motion, abundant water vapor in the lower–middle level, and weak vertical wind shear are favorable for more TCG in the western tropical Indian Ocean, while the combined negative contributions of the vertical motion, lower-level vorticity, and humidity terms result in less TCG in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean.
Extreme Daily Rainfall in Central-Southern Chile and Its Relationship with Low-Level Horizontal Water Vapor Fluxes
Authors: Valenzuela Raúl A. , Garreaud René D.
Published: July 2019

Extreme rainfall events are thought to be one of the major threats of climate change given an increase of water vapor available in the atmosphere. However, before projecting future changes in extreme rainfall events, it is mandatory to know current patterns. In this study we explore extreme daily rainfall events along central-southern Chile with emphasis in their spatial distribution and concurrent synoptic-scale circulation. Surface rain gauges and reanalysis products from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis are employed to unravel the dependency between extreme rainfall and horizontal water vapor fluxes. Results indicate that extreme rainfall events can occur everywhere, from the subtropical to extratropical latitudes, but their frequency increases where terrain has higher altitude, especially over the Andes Mountains. The majority of these events concentrate in austral winter, last a single day, and encompass a north–south band of about 200 km in length. Composited synoptic analyses identified extreme rainfall cases dominated by northwesterly (NW) and westerly (W) moisture fluxes. Some features of the NW group include a 300-hPa trough projecting from the extratropics to subtropics, a surface-level depression, and cyclonic winds at 850 hPa along the coast associated with integrated water vapor (IWV) > 30 mm. Conversely, features in the W group include both a very weak 300-hPa trough and surface depression, as well as coastal westerly winds associated with IWV > 30 mm. About half of extreme daily rainfall is associated with an atmospheric river. Extreme rainfall observed in W (NW) cases has a strong orographic (synoptic) forcing. In addition, W cases are, on average, warmer than NW cases, leading to an amplified hydrological response.
Assessing the Quality of Shortwave and Longwave Irradiance Observations over the Ocean: One Year of High-Time-Resolution Measurements at the Lampedusa Oceanographic Observatory
Authors: di Sarra Alcide , Bommarito Carlo , Anello Fabrizio , Di Iorio Tatiana , Meloni Daniela , Monteleone Francesco , Pace Giandomenico , Piacentino Salvatore , Sferlazzo Damiano
Published: July 2019

Measurements of downwelling shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) irradiance were carried out on an oceanographic buoy close to the island of Lampedusa (Italy), in the central Mediterranean Sea. Irradiance measurements on the buoy were acquired at high time resolution together with the radiometer pitch and roll angles. The measurements carried out during 2016 have been compared with ground-based observations made at the Lampedusa Atmospheric Observatory, about 15 km northeast of the buoy. The radiometers were compared before and after deployment on the buoy and are traceable to the World Radiometric Reference scale. The SW measurements were corrected for the thermal offset. A small bias (measurements over the sea are smaller than on land) of about −2 W m−2 is found in the daily mean SW, and a moderate bias of +6.2 W m−2 (irradiance over the sea is larger than on land) is found in the LW. Similar biases are found when instantaneous measurements obtained with horizontal radiometers, clean domes, and cloud-free conditions are selected, suggesting that impacts of the moving platform and poor dome cleaning are minor at this site. The effect of the mean tilt angle was also investigated. Deviations in the hourly mean SW irradiance are on the order of 20% for a mean offset of 4° with respect to the solar zenith angle; the effect of tilt angle on LW irradiance appears to be negligible. Radiative transfer calculations show that the observed biases may be ascribed to the differences in the instrument altitude (through radiation absorption, scattering, and emission by the atmospheric constituents in the lowest atmospheric layers) and in the SW surface albedo.
Evaluation of Tropical Cyclone Forecasts in the Next Generation Global Prediction System
Authors: Chen Jan-Huey , Lin Shian-Jiann , Zhou Linjiong , Chen Xi , Rees Shannon , Bender Morris , Morin Matthew
Published: July 2019

A new global model using the GFDL nonhydrostatic Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere Dynamical Core (FV3) coupled to physical parameterizations from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction’s Global Forecast System (NCEP/GFS) was built at GFDL, named fvGFS. The modern dynamical core, FV3, has been selected for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Next Generation Global Prediction System (NGGPS) due to its accuracy, adaptability, and computational efficiency, which brings a great opportunity for the unification of weather and climate prediction systems. The performance of tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts in the 13-km fvGFS is evaluated globally based on 363 daily cases of 10-day forecasts in 2015. Track and intensity errors of TCs in fvGFS are compared to those in the operational GFS. The fvGFS outperforms the GFS in TC intensity prediction for all basins. For TC track prediction, the fvGFS forecasts are substantially better over the northern Atlantic basin and the northern Pacific Ocean than the GFS forecasts. An updated version of the fvGFS with the GFDL 6-category cloud microphysics scheme is also investigated based on the same 363 cases. With this upgraded microphysics scheme, fvGFS shows much improvement in TC intensity prediction over the operational GFS. Besides track and intensity forecasts, the performance of TC genesis forecast is also compared between the fvGFS and operational GFS. In addition to evaluating the hit/false alarm ratios, a novel method is developed to investigate the lengths of TC genesis lead times in the forecasts. Both versions of fvGFS show higher hit ratios, lower false alarm ratios, and longer genesis lead times than those of the GFS model in most of the TC basins.
Environmental Conditions for Nighttime Offshore Migration of Precipitation Area as Revealed by In Situ Observation off Sumatra Island
Authors: Yokoi Satoru , Mori Shuichi , Syamsudin Fadli , Haryoko Urip , Geng Biao
Published: July 2019

The diurnal cycle over tropical coastal waters is characterized by offshore migration of precipitation area during nighttime. This study analyzes in situ observational data collected during the YMC-Sumatra 2017 field campaign around the western coast of Sumatra Island, Indonesia, to examine the offshore migration phenomenon during 5–31 December 2017, when the Research Vessel Mirai was deployed about 90 km off the coast to perform observation. The offshore migration is observed in only less than a half of the 27 days. A comparison of radiosonde data at the vessel between days with and without the offshore migration reveals that vertical wind shear in the lower troposphere is a key environmental condition. In late afternoon of the days with the offshore migration, offshore (northeasterly) wind shear with height with considerable magnitude is observed, which is due to weaker daily mean southwesterly wind in the lower free troposphere, stronger southwesterly wind in the boundary layer, and sea breeze. As this condition is considered favorable for regeneration of convective cells to the offshore side of old ones, these results support an idea that the regeneration process is critical for the offshore migration. The Madden–Julian oscillation and cold surges play some roles in the weakening of the free-tropospheric wind. The migration speed is estimated at 2–3 m s−1, which is lower than that observed in another field campaign conducted in 2015 (Pre-YMC 2015). This difference is partly due to the difference in the environmental wind in the lower to midtroposphere.