bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF THE DIRECTION OF NATURAL LAW ON THE FORMATION OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN SOCIETY
Authors: Hanna Kovalenko
Published: December 2021

The views of thinkers and figures representing the direction of natural law, whose ideas had the greatest influence on the world philosophical and legal thought and the formation of the philosophical and legal views of judges, are considered. The interaction between the direction of natural law and the formation of judicial philosophy is shown. The role and importance of natural law for the development of philosophy of justice, which should be in constant contact with current events and problems, which would ensure its leading role in the development of legal theory and practice, through the impact on modern legal thought in Ukraine conditions of modern society.
CONRAD-MARTIUS: BEING, ESSENCE, EXISTENCE. IN DISCUSSION WITH ARISTOTLE’S, AQUINAS’ AND HUSSERL’S ONTOLOGIES AND METAPHYSICS
Authors:   University of Wuppertal, Faculty of Humanities and Cultural Studies, BREUER IRENE
Published: December 2021

The article deals with Conrad-Martius’ conception of being and existence and explores it by contrasting it with the conceptions of Aristotle, Aquinas and Husserl within the framework of their respective ontologies and metaphysics. The article delves into the problems of both the hypostatization and the origin of being in particular. I claim that the hypostatization of being does not concern the Sachverhalt, as Jean Wahl claims, but the noema itself insofar as intentionality transcends what is constituted by consciousness and grasps the essence of the substance itself, whose existence is not absolutely but hypothetically posited. I will further show that even though Conrad-Martius rejects the transcendental reduction, she accepts the eidetic reduction and the positing of a sphere of original and given facts, which are not only absolutely given to consciousness, but also self-grounded and self-sustained. Conrad-Martius’ research traces the origin of these back to a transphysical realm, thus revealing the grounds for the Husserlian sphere of primal facts, which itself remains beyond the reach of phenomenological reflection. Hence Conrad-Martius’ and Husserl’s investigations encounter and complement each other at the point where the real bursts into reality and becomes available to consciousness. These reflections are organized as follows: The first part presents Conrad-Martius’ conception of a real-ontological phenomenology in order to examine her criticism of Husserl’s transcendental reduction. The second part deals with her real-ontological conception of the essence of reality or the “real-reality” and its hypothetically posed existence. The third part concerns the conceptions of being, analogia essendi and categorial being with recourse to Aristotle, Aquinas and Husserl and sets these in relation to Conrad-Martius’ own conception. The fourth part deals with her own understanding of the analogia essendi and of real being in order to shed light on the claim concerning the hypostatization of being. The fifth part explores Husserl’s positing of a sphere of primal facticity, Conrad-Martius’ conception of a real entity and its origin in a transphysical realm. The article finally summarizes the main results of these reflections.
TWO PHASES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEDWIG CONRAD-MARTIUS’ ONTOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION ON HUMAN BEING AND LIVING THINGS
Authors:   University of Parma, Unity of Philosophy, BERTOLINI SIMONA
Published: December 2021

Interest in the ontological constitution of living beings (with particular reference to the human being) characterizes the whole development of Hedwig Conrad-Martius’ philosophy. Several works written by the philosopher over the years deal with both the phenomenological description and the ontological foundation of the difference between plants, animals, and humans. Specifically, the ontological structure of the human being is investigated as a layered structure which presupposes those of plants and animals while overcoming them in a more complex and spiritual unity, on which human freedom and human knowledge depend. Although this topic maintains a crucial role in Conrad-Martius’ thought, the way the philosopher addresses it and the theoretical results of her phenomenological-ontological inquiry about it do not remain unchanged. Indeed, the ontological structure at the basis of phenomenal differences as well as the metaphysical foundations of this structure change over the decades. This paper aims at distinguishing between two phases, characterized by different ontological categories, through which Conrad-Martius’ anthropology and biological ontology develop. In the first phase, at the beginning of the twenties (precisely in her work Metaphysical Dialogues), the essential differences between plants, animals, and humans are explained with reference to a vital origin preceding the constitution of reality; to describe it Conrad-Martius employs terms such as “abyss” and “under-earthly realm.” In the second phase, exemplified by some writings published in the forties and the fifties, the reference to such a dimension disappears and the eidetic variety within the living world, including human specificity, is exclusively traced back to the finalistic substantiation of essences in the natural beings.
SPIRITUAL ACTS IN ANTHROPOLOGY. EDITH STEIN’S PHENOMENOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Humanities, JANI ANNA
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present contribution is to prove that spiritual acts not only play a significant role in the phenomenological description of the person and in individual and social experiences, but likewise they play a decisive role in the methodological constitution of phenomenology and have a core function in the theoretical structuring of the phenomenological description of the person, regarding, for example, metaphysical and anthropological characteristics. Firstly, in the paper, the implications for anthropology that arise from Edith Stein’s phenomenology are examined. In the second part—from the insight that Stein does not structure anthropology without its metaphysical background—the paper underlines the metaphysical presuppositions of anthropology in Stein’s thinking. In both stages, the investigation engages with Husserlian insights that Stein took on board and creatively introduced from Husserl’s thought into her own work. The inference from this engagement of Stein with Husserl emerges in the way Stein structures anthropology in general, and the origin of this can be seen in the description of the person as a psychophysical individual. At this point, the question arises regarding how the description of the spiritual acts can contribute to the structure of the person and, in this sense, to the foundation of anthropology as a philosophical-theological science.
CORE OF THE ESSENCE AND CORE OF THE PERSON: JEAN HERING AND A HIDDEN SOURCE OF EDITH STEIN’S EARLY ONTOLOGY
Authors:   Charles University, ÚFAR, FF, DE SANTIS DANIELE
Published: December 2021

The present paper makes the case for considering Jean Hering the source from which Edith Stein first borrowed the concept of “core,” notably, “core of the person.” In particular, we maintain that the background of Stein’s decision is represented by the original version of Hering’s famous booklet Bemerkungen über das Wesen, die Wesenheit und die Idee, namely, the Appendix (Fragmente zur Vorbereitung einer künftigen Lehre vom Apriori) to his still unpublished dissertation on Lotze. Nevertheless, whereas Hering introduces the concept of “core” to merely discriminate between different types of essences within the framework of a general attempt at determining the structure of individual essences, Stein takes it to characterize always and exclusively the structure of the person, notably, its mode of being, thereby paving the way for her future personalistic ontology. The paper will be divided into three parts. In § 2 evidence will be produced to support the thesis that Stein had direct knowledge of Hering’s dissertation. § 3 will analyze Hering’s notions of essence and “core of the essence” (in both versions of the text and in relation to the example of the “essence” of Caesar). Finally, § 4 will tackle the “core” in Stein’s early works, in particular in the book on empathy, and in comparison with Hering’s understanding of it. The paper intends to pursue a double goal: it aims at emphasizing the novelty of Stein’s conception of the essence, notably, core of the (individual) essence while at the same time reconstructing the wider framework to which it belongs.
IN-BETWEEN MIND, SPIRIT, AND BEING: A CRITICAL APPRECIATION OF GERDA WALTHER’S PHENOMENOLOGY OF MYSTICISM WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO CORRESPONDENCES TO POST-MATERIALIST NOTIONS OF REALITY
Authors:   Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences, Institute of Philosophical Education and Aesthetics, FEISE-MAHNKOPP PATRICIA
Published: December 2021

In her main work, Walther exposes the unio mystica as meta-transcendental constitution of (fundamental) spiritual being (the bracketing indicates that this demonstration can be read in a metaphysical, i.e., strong, as well as in a secular, i.e., weak, version). While reflecting her approach theoretically and methodologically by drawing on Husserl, Landmann, Stein, just as on Pfänder and Conrad-Martius, Walther proposes a genuine approach that pushes the transcendental idealistic paradigm further. Its crucial claim is (imperfect) perceptibility and experientiality of (fundamental) spiritual being (labeled “God” by Walther). It is based on a substantially and ontologically differentiating—though integrative—notion of the conditio humana: entanglement of ego-center (both belonging to the transcendental realm and transgressing it meta-transcendentally), self (belonging to psychophysical being), and soulspiritual implications of personal basic essence (belonging to spiritual being) with its “metaphysical-real core” (belonging to fundamental spiritual being). By the help of mystical vision, (fundamental) spiritual being is not only (though imperfectly) perceived and experienced; rather, according to Walther, human ego-consciousness also communicates with God as a spiritual person. However, the latter cannot be supported by Walther’s analysis. In other words, a critical distinction must be made between the—phenomenologically demonstrable—philosophical content of Walther’s investigation and its theologically motivated readings. Accordingly, the present article can appreciate the philosophical significance of her Phenomenology of Mysticism without thereby being committed to its theological interpretations. Walther’s main work, in summary, is a substantial—if not consistently concise—contribution to the philosophy of mind/spirit and being, which, moreover, is able to act as a bridge between philosophical phenomenology and theology. Additionally, in the weak reading, Walther’s integrative concept of mind/spirit and being is connectable to postmaterialist notions of reality.
FREEDOM AND (CO)BEING: AN-ARCHE’S ROUTES THROUGH THE LANDSCAPES OF PHENOMENOLOGY. PREFACE TO JOERY SHRIVERS’ ARTICLE “ANARCHISM AND PHENOMENOLOGY”
Authors:   St. Petersburg University of the Humanities and Social Sciences, RAKHMANINOVA MARIA
Published: December 2021

We offer an introductory article to the translation of Dutch philosopher Joery Schreivers’ work Phenomenologists and Anarchism, which deals with the reception of current foreign trajectories of phenomenological and akratic reflexions from the perspective of contemporary Russian academic discourse. In the light of this, an attempt is made to assess the significance and originality of J. Shrivers’ study, focused on the conceptual juxtaposition of two philosophical traditions: phenomenology and the philosophy of anarchism. The value of the author’s stated perspective, which provides an opportunity to revise the classical phenomenological texts, is articulated as being related to its methodological novelty—not only for the Russian-speaking space, but also for foreign philosophy; a review and analysis of the central theses of the article, related to the key figures of the line of succession of acrical reflection in the phenomenological tradition, which is outlined by the author, is given, including: M.Heidegger, R. Schürmann, E.Levinas, J.Derrida, J.-L.Nancy, J.-I.Lacoste, C.Romano and J.-L.Marion. The article also builds theoretical connections between the anarchist foundations of a number of phenomenological reflections identified by J. Schreivers and the ontological accoutrements of other current philosophical trends—for example, the actor-network theory and the polyphony of new materialisms.
Effect of Egyptian Culture on the Design of Jewelry (Cultural Design Based on Ancient Egyptian Patterns)
Authors:   School of Art and Design, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.Department of art education, college of specific education, Benha university, Egypt, Ramadan Eman , YuWu  ,   School of Art and Design, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
Published: December 2021

We are now living in an era in which modern media and advanced technology, including satellites, satellite channels, and the information network, are intensifying, all of which are working to dissolve cultural subjectivity and remove popular legacies to replace them with Western cultural values ??and behavior patterns. Hence, the Egyptian researcher sees the necessity of reviving contemporary inspired, where every civilization in history has its own culture and pattern which always reflects civilization and expresses their lives and beliefs. Herein, we will mention about the ancient Egyptian civilization, in northeastern Africa that dates from the 4th millennium BCE. It has many achievements, which preserved in its art and monuments. It holds a fascination that continues to grow as archaeological finds expose its secrets. This article focuses on ancient Egyptian culture through the patterns of their beliefs, and how did these patterns affect the designs of the jewelry, and how we can benefit from these patterns in the creation of innovative designs. Here, we focused on the Egyptian pattern because of its great importance in ancient Egypt. Besides, its distinctive shapes enable us to create new modern designs for this era.
Optical Versus Cognitive Perspective: Study of Indian Folk Paintings
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar and Lecturer at Centre For Exact Humanities, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India, Lohar Sunil
Published: December 2021

Is painting space fundamentally perspectival? In the European Renaissance (14th to the 17th century), the painting space was thought of as having an interior of perspective where one could place an object. It took many years after the Renaissance for European art to come out of this optical or geometrical perspective and realise that the space of painting is fundamentally non-perspectival. Historically in Europe, impressionists (1860) painters are the ones who tried to break away from this optical or single-point perspective and create paintings according to ‘lived perspective’. Optical perspective is one of the visual dogmas which are believed till today; thus, it is tough to appreciate non-perspectival paintings. This paper aims to give technical reasons why painting space is fundamentally not perspectival; the first section of the paper will deal with the question ‘what kind of space is painting space?’, and in the second section, we will compare method of photograph and drawing to find the differences between mechanism of camera and human perception . In the last section of the paper we will use Indian folk paintings, to demonstrate how cognitive or alternative/multiple perspectives open new possibilities in painting space.
Neoliberal Cricketing Subjects in Contemporary India: The State-Market Dichotomy in Two Cricket Movies
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of English, Mar Ivanios College (Autonomous), Kerala, India, Ramamoorthy Rakesh
Published: December 2021

This essay examines the ways in which two popular cricket movies from India — the Hindi movie Iqbal (2005) and the Tamil movie Jeeva (2014) — validate the tenets of “roll-back neoliberalism” (Peck and Tickell 2002), an ideology that calls for the withdrawal of State-regulatedwelfare mechanisms in favour of free market capitalism. The protagonists of these movies are talented cricketers from underprivileged backgrounds, and they are excluded from regional and national teams by corrupt cricket board officials. This essay critiques a common story arc that these narratives share: the protagonists are quintessentially neoliberal entrepreneurial subjects who overcome the marginalization through adept exploitation of commercial potential of the sport. The argument is that the discursive delegitimization of State intervention in cricket, and the concomitant framing of the free market as a progressive and inclusive entity, are disempowering for the cricketing public. While a State-regulated sporting culture does have its exclusionary aspects, this essay contends, contrapuntally, that the neoliberal validation of the free-market rationale can be problematic in that it absolves the State of the responsibility of fostering an inclusive cricketing culture. This study thus offers a contingent and strategic endorsement of the Indian State’s intervention in the nation‘s cricketing cultures.
Locating an efficacy of the humane time in Ray’s Agantuk: a travel beyond the object
Authors:   State Aided College Teacher, St. Paul’s Cathedral Mission College, University of Calcutta, PhD scholar (English), Amity University, Kolkata, Banerjee Richik
Published: December 2021

The ontology of time and space has always been a subject of materialist prospectus bearing a halo effect of ‘modernity’ and ‘progress’. The enquiry into the sign of modern is a mechanical category of production where substantial copies of ‘progress’ have religiously been equated with a break from the past. This breaking away from the centre (soul) is, of course, associated with a desire for the non-native design. Simultaneously, the past becomes historicized as primitive dangers while the present/‘modern’ morphs into a non-past spectacular diffusion. Satyajit Ray reloads his artillery of the cerebral one last time in his masterpiece titled, Agantuk (The Stranger), where he pits the idea of a spectral past having an agency to redo the class binary against the totalitarian time(s) in a modern urban space which prides itself on the abuse of power-as-civility. Ray introduces a nuclear family of three (a married couple and their son) where the protagonist, Manmohan Mitra, returns as an archived data in the body of a forgotten relative. His entry into the house ruptures the canny knots of the ‘home’ where the director exposes limits of the modernized time. This paper tries to analyze how Ray uses the motif of ‘travel’ in its cinematic cloth to critique the ingestion of global progress as nothing but an accumulation of fallen spectacles that commodify both a subject who is consuming the object-in-time (progress) and also the object that is all the time getting alienated from its own subjective merit. Mitra becomes the mouthpiece of the director for conveying the paradoxes of time-as-capital in the burgeoning of speculative modernity.
From Agatha Christie’s The Mirror Crack’d from Side to Side to Rituparno Ghosh’s Shubho Muharat: Film Authorship and Transcultural Adaptation
Authors:   Assistant Professor, School of Social Sciences and Languages (SSL), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai, India, Mukherjee Akaitab
Published: December 2021

In her book A Theory of Adaptation Linda Hutcheon uses the term “transcultural adaptation” to illustrate different context in which literary or other cultural texts are adapted. This relocation of text through adaptation often adds multiple interpretations or alters textual politics. Hutcheon further argues that transcultural adaptation can transform the text in unpredictable direction. The paper seeks to explicate eminent Bengali film director Rituparno Ghosh’s (1961-2013) Shubho Muharat (The First Day of the Shoot, 2003) which is influenced by Agatha Christie’s (1890-1976) novel The Mirror Crack’d from Side to Side (1962). The essay untangles Ghosh’s strategy to add Indian socio-cultural background in the western text. He expresses authorial intensions when he re-narrates of the novel on screen. The paper argues that the transcultural adaptation creates a “Third Space of enunciation” where the auteur uses the traits of detective film and repeats authorial intention. Following Janet Staiger’s reinterpretation of auteurism the essay argues that duplication of authorial impulse is Ghosh’s “technique of the self”.
Ability as ‘performance’: analyzing the able-ness of ‘life’ through a critical study of The Shawshank Redemption and The Dark Knight
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Amity Institute of English Studies and Research, Amity University, Kolkata, Bhattacharyya Souradip
Published: December 2021

This article deals closely with the relation between the ability and state of being alive. It asks an elemental question: what does the word ‘life’ remind us of? While ‘life’ may generically be defined as the ability to do all that signifies the act of living, a more political way of defining ‘life’ would be to consider it as the medium of being alive as human or, an individual person’s existence. The generic definition of ‘life’ given above may suffer from reductionism if ‘ability’ is interpreted as a thing-in-itself, natural to mankind as an inherent, embedded process. This article, therefore, aims to analyze life by stepping out of this biological method of understanding and concentrates on the socio-economic and cultural nexus in which the ability to do is produced. It has chosen cinema as a medium of analysis because cinema does not dwell in a (cinematic) utopian space of its own, but it represents reality as much as it affects reality through the audio-visual experience of the audience.
Lost in Translation: Culture-bound Lexical Items in English Subtitles of the Rap Songs by Indian Rapper ‘Badshah’ in Bollywood Movies from 2016-2021
Authors:   Assistant Professor of English, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector 32, Chandigarh, Sinha Ritika
Published: December 2021

Subtitling, a subfield of translation studies has witnessed a recent upsurge in India. The rise of subtitling services can be attributed to the fact that the number of viewers from outside the country is increasing phenomenally, thanks to the global streaming platforms. Subtitling is an art; it involves translation of the language of the video to another language with an objective to retain the temper of the original message for the target audience. The subtitler is faced with the daunting task of preserving the idiom of the source text (ST) and the target text (TT). Since, the meaning in both source and target language is profoundly affected by the cultural context, it is important to undertake the practice of translation while respecting and reflecting cultural ethos of each language. This research aims to investigate the English subtitles of selected famous rap sequences by Indian rapper ‘Badshah’ in Bollywood songs released from 2016 to 2021. With an aim to assess the quality of translation of the selected song sequences, an analysis is made of the sematic peculiarities that are lost in translation from Hindi/Punjabi to English. The loss can be mainly attributed to Hindi and Punjabi cultural references or culture-bound terms which do not have a suitable equivalent lexical item in English language.
D. H. Lawrence’s Travel Writing: Concept of Nudity and Sexuality with a Difference
Authors:   Assistant Professor of English, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore, Mukherjee Abhik
Published: December 2021

In that he spent most of his life outside Britain, D. H. Lawrence often seems the least British of the British Modernists. His interest in and willingness to be influenced by Italy, Sicily, the American Southwest, Mexico and Australia can be easily explored in his travel books. Whereas his novels are too didactic in nature, his philosophies get naturally matured as he travels and they are expressed very succinctly in his travel writing. In various parts of his four travel books, namely Twilight in Italy (1916), Sea and Sardinia (1921), Morning in Mexico (1927), Sketches of Etruscan Places (1932) Lawrence depicts the difference between nudity and nakedness and how they influence him. The other contrast here is between art and life, with the nude standing for art and nakedness for life with the section on Florence and the art there. The essay focuses on how Lawrence views art differently when actually experiencing these works himself during his travels. I show different phases in his response to nudity/nakedness as shown in his four travel books and what accounts for these changes. The thesis is the examination of Lawrence’s belief that the touch of amateurism and primitivism can inject new freshness into our lives and can salvage them from the clutches of habit, and the mechanized civilisation. Nudity and sexuality as part of primitive modes of life can balance and heal what Freud termed the discontents of civilisation. Situated on the thin line between nudity and sexuality, D.H. Lawrence’s travel writing recounts man’s true relationship with the cosmos. And finally, the paper shows some misunderstanding on the part of the second wave feminists on his representation of masculinity in nakedness.
Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of free-living amoeba (Acanthamoeba and Naegleria) in treated and untreated water in the northeastern provinces of Iran
Authors: Sharifi Yousef , Ahmadi Omid , Hossini Farash Bibi Razieh , Khosravinia Nazgol , Fotouhi-Ardakani Reza , Moghaddas Elham , Berenji Fariba , Baradaran Ashkan , Poursheikhani Arash , Mirjalali Hamed , Zarean Mehdi
Published: December 2021

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are widely distributed protozoa in natural or man-made aquatic environments without the need for a host organism for survival. Several strains of FLA are known to be pathogenic. As of date, there is inadequate data on the geographical distribution of FLA in northeastern and northern Iran. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of Acanthamoeba and Naegleria in drinking water and surface water samples in northern and northeastern Iran. A total of 60 water samples were collected and filtered from various sources for the presence of amoebae. DNA extraction was performed, and PCR confirmed the presence of FLA. PCR products were sequenced to identify the species/genotype. Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status constructed using MEGA X software. The findings on growth media showed 35% (21/60) and 26% (16/60) were positive for Acanthamoeba and Naegleria, respectively, while PCR analysis also obtained similar results. All isolates of Acanthamoeba were identified as T4 genotype. Poor water quality, as well as insufficient preservation and treatment, might indicate that chlorine disinfection is ineffective in removing contamination of amoebas in treated water samples. Therefore, regular water quality monitoring is essential to control amoeba's growth, reducing the risk of human infections with FLA.
Conflictos sociales en las áreas verdes urbanas en Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Ramos Soto Jesús David , Ramos Soto José Manuel
Published: December 2021

Los espacios verdes urbanos son de vital importancia para el desarrollo sostenible de las ciudades; pero al encontrarnos en un país con un constante crecimiento demográfico en las urbes, principalmente en Lima Metropolitana, se generan conflictos sociales debido a que la población busca nuevas zonas en donde habitar o porque surgen nuevos proyectos de infraestructura pública o privada que ponen en peligro la presencia de las áreas verdes en la ciudad.
Estimación de la superficie cultivada de Palma Aceitera mediante interpretación visual de imágenes satelitales durante los años 2016-2020
Authors: Yupanqui Carrasco Osmar , Julca Torres Juan Ruben , Valerio Candia Erick
Published: December 2021

Actualmente en el Perú no existe una cifra oficial sobre la cantidad exacta de hectáreas de palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), por ello, este trabajo apunta a generar información sobre el aumento del cultivo desde el año 2016 hasta el 2020, en las regiones de Ucayali, San Martín, Huánuco y Loreto, mediante la interpretación visual de las imágenes satelitales bianuales y mensuales pantropicales de Planet NICFI, junto con el uso del software QGIS 3.10.2 y la extensión (plugin) Planet. En total, se encontraron 85 122,95 ha en el año 2016; 86 866,18 ha en el año 2017; 91 357,80 ha en el año 2018; 94 656,40 ha en el año 2019 y 95 048,37 ha en el año 2020 en las 4 regiones estudiadas, siendo Ucayali la región con mayor cantidad de hectáreas de palma aceitera, con 44 077,82 ha para el año 2020, seguida de San Martín con 35 151,74 ha, Loreto con 13 568,94 ha y Huánuco con 2 249,87 ha. También se generó la información cartográfica sobre las 16 plantas de procesamiento de palma aceitera encontradas y finalmente, estos resultados se llevaron a una aplicación en Google Earth Engine para su divulgación.
One-pot Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole Derivatives via Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs) and their Applications in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Biswas Swapan Kumar , Das Debasis
Published: December 2021

Background:

Many pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives display diverse biological activities and some of them are known as anticancer, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and anti-malarial agents. In recent years, easy convergent, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have been adopted to make highly functionalizedpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives of biological interest. The synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole (1,4-DHPP, 2), 2,4- dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole (2,4-DHPP, 3), 4-hydroxypyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole (4-HPP, 4) derivatives, 1,4,4-substitied pyranopyrazole (SPP, 5) were reported via two-, three-, four- and fivecomponent reactions (MCRs).

Methods:

This review article compiles the preparation of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives, and it highlights the applications of various pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives in medicinal chemistry.

Results:

Varieties of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives were achieved via “One-pot” multicomponent reactions (MCRs). Different reaction conditions in the presence of a catalyst or without catalysts were adapted to prepare the pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.

Conclusion:

Biologically active pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives were prepared and used in drug discovery research.
Investigating the Impact of Cognitive-behavioral Stress Management on
Adjustment among Females with Breast Cancer
Authors: Jamshidi Farkhondeh , Shayan Arezoo , Sattari Mahtab
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral
stress management (CBSM) on adjustment among females with breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:

This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 104 women with
breast cancer who visited Hamedan Imam Khomeini Clinic between Feb 3 and Oct 26, 2016, and
met the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria included being 20 to 60 years old, being married,
and having grade 1-3 breast cancer with a history of recent surgery. The subjects were randomly assigned
to two groups of 52 subjects, using a permuted block size of 4. The intervention group participated
in 4 sessions of CBSM, each 90 minutes long, for a duration of 4 weeks. Data collection
was done using a demographic information questionnaire and Bell adjustment questionnaire. The
statistical analyst remained unaware of the intervention assignment. Data analysis was done using
descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA.

Results:

There was a significant difference in the mean scores of the total adjustment (P = 0,0001)
between the two groups after the intervention. Each variable was calculated three times, prior to
the intervention, immediately after and 2 weeks after the intervention. Regardless of the time of
measurement, there was a significant difference in the mean score of total adjustment between the
two groups (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:

The cognitive-behavioral stress management program improved the adjustment immediately
and 2 weeks after the intervention was done among women with breast cancer. This method
can be implemented as a complementary approach along with medical therapies provided by oncology
centers.

Trial Registration:

This study was approved by the Student Research Center of Hamadan University
of Medical Sciences (proposal No. IRCT2016051224468N1, code of ethics:
IR.UMSHA.REC.1395.32).
Optimization and Validation of Polyherbal Formulation by Applying Boxbehnken Design for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Experimental Animals
Authors: Gandhi Tejal , Patel Bhagyabhumi , Patel Divya , Dalwadi Saloni , Thakkar Vaishali
Published: December 2021

Background:

The use of herbal medicine in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased significantly. Allopathic treatment of IBD leads to several side effects; therefore, the use of the herbal formulation is promising. Aegle Marmelos, Bombax malabericum, and Hollarrhena antidysentrica plants have been used to treat IBD.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate a designed polyherbal formulation in experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease in rats and validate a mathematical model derived by Box-Behnken experimental design for optimized polyherbal formulation for the treatment of IBD in experimental rats by checkpoint analysis.

Method:

Three-level Box-Behnken design was selected to optimize the dose. Polyherbal formulation that consisted of plant extracts of Aegle Marmelos (X1), Bombax malabericum (X2), and Hollarrhena antidysentrica (X3) in different ratios was selected as an independent variable. Polynomial equations were established based on analysis of variance (ANOVA). To validate the chosen polynomial equation, checkpoint analyses were performed. The percentage of predictive error is presented.

Results:

ANOVA reveals that X2 plant does not have any significant impact on the response surface. The checkpoint batch showed the experimental values of CMDI and Disease activity index (DAI) as 1.33 and 0.66, respectively. It is worthwhile to note that the observed values were quite close to the calculated values of CMDI. A little difference in the value of DAI may be attributed to the inherent variation observed in animal studies.

Conclusion:

From this study, it was concluded that a dose of 100 mg/kg of Aegle marmelos, a dose of 300 mg/kg of Bombax malabericum, and a dose of 200 mg/kg of Holarrhena antidysentrica will be effective in IBD patients.
Is it Possible to Assess the Functional Status of Hormone Secretion or Non-
Secretion of Adrenal Masses Through Their Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI) Characteristics?
Authors: Akkus Gamze , Piskin Ferhat , Karagun Barış , Sert Murat , Evran Mehtap , Tetiker Tamer
Published: December 2021

Background:

Diagnostic imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be performed on all patients with incidentalomas. However, limited number of studies on whether the quantitative measurements (signal intensity index, adrenal to spleen ratio) in MRI could predict the functional status of adrenal adenomas are available.

Materials and Methods:

Between 2015-2020, 404 patients (265 females, 139 males) with adrenal mass who were referred to the university hospital for further investigation were included. After detailed diagnostic hormonal evaluation, all patients were examined with the MRI 1.5 T device (Signa, GE Medical Systems; Milwaukee, USA). The signal intensities of the adrenal lesions on T2W images were qualitatively evaluated and noted as homogenous or heterogeneous in comparison with the liver signal intensity (SI). A chemical-shift SI index and chemical shift adrenal-to-spleen SI ratio were also calculated.

Results:

While 331(81.9%) of the patients had nonfunctional adrenal mass, the rest (n=73, 18.1%) were patients with functional (autonomous cortisol secretion-ACS, Cushing syndrome-CS, pheochromocytoma, primary hyperaldosteronism-PA) adrenal masses. In phase vs. phase values of patients with NFAI, Pheo(n=17), ACS (n=30), CS (n=11), and PA (n=15) were 474.04±126.7 vs. 226.6±132.4, 495.3±182.8 vs. 282.17±189.1, 445.2±134.8 vs. 203.3±76.2, 506.8±126.5 vs. 212.2±73.6 and 496.2±147.5 vs. 246.6±102.1, respectively. Mean signal intensity index (SII) and adrenal to spleen ratio (ASR) of all groups (NFAI, Pheo, ACS, CS, PA) were 52.0±24.8 and 0.51, 44.9±22.5 and 0.55, 49.5±24.5 and 0.53, 56.2±16.4 and 0.43, 47.6±25.1 and 0.54, respectively. Based on the currently accepted measurements in the case of ASR and SII, all lesions were similar and observed as fat rich adenomas (p*= 0.552, p** = 0.45).

Conclusion:

The quantitative assessment (SII, ASR) of intracellular lipids in an incidentally discovered adrenal tumor could only help distinguish adrenal masses in the case of adenomas or non-adenomas. As an initial diagnostic evaluation, clinical and laboratory assessment to distinguish hormone secretion should be done for all patients with adrenal incidentalomas.
Analysis of Demand and Economic Value of Sambolo Beach Tourism, Serang Regency, Banten
Authors:   Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Brawijaya University Veteran Street Malang, Pratiwi Eka Rizky , Indrayani Erlinda ,   Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Brawijaya University Veteran Street Malang
Published: December 2021

This research was already implemented in Sambolo Beach Tourism, Serang, Banten. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze: (1) characteristics of travelers and characteristics of Sambolo Beach, (2) factor or independet variables (cost of trip, age, education level, distance, income, working time, facilities and experience) significantly affect to request Sambolo visitors to the beach, (3) and the economic value of Sambolo Beach as a tourism. The sampling was taken by quoted accidental sampling method of 36 respondents. Data were collected by observation, documentation, interview, and questionnare. Analyzing data were done by multiple regression analysis method and Individual Travel Cost Method. Data analysis done by using SPSS for Windows 16.The results showed that all the independent variables jointly affect the number of visitor’s demand to the Sambolo Beach, while variables that effect to the number of visitors to the Sambolo Beach were only 4 variables, the variables cost of trip, income, facillities, and experience. Consumer surplus value of IDR 430.232 per individual per one visit, so that the economic value of Sambolo Beach is IDR 36.279.969.600 per year in 2015 (the result of multiplying the consumer surplus and the number of visitors in 2015). Developing of Sambolo Beach, through improvement in all aspects are important to do.
Del género, la historia y el medio ambiente en las Fuerzas Armadas
Authors: Cabrera-Cabrera Leidy Johana , Palacios-Palacios Alexander , Arango-Calderon Ingrid Yuliana
Published: December 2021

Esta obra ofrece a través de tres volúmenes los avances en investigación formal y formativa de profesores y estudiantes de la red de conocimiento de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) de las Fuerzas Armadas (FF. AA.). Busca estrechar los lazos de cooperación y colaboración académica entre las Fuerzas Militares y de Policía en torno a la solución científica de las necesidades en seguridad y defensa en Colombia. Los ocho capítulos que componen este tercer volumen exploran el enfoque de género, la historia y el medio ambiente en las Fuerzas Armadas. Específicamente, analizan los avances en la comprensión de las identidades a partir de las perspectivas de género en espacios militares; la valoración del recurso hídrico en el lavado del equipo T-90 Calima; las totalidades en el recuerdo femenino y las realidades fragmentadas en la evocación masculina en la Escuela Militar de Aviación; la participación de la Policía Nacional en Misiones de Paz de la Onu; el contexto normativo en género y experiencias de mujeres oficiales sobre la vinculación al Ejército Nacional de Colombia; la imagen y representación militar en la década de los setenta; las amenazas a la seguridad nacional derivadas de crímenes que afectan al medio ambiente, y la identificación de estrategias para fortalecer la formación de los Oficiales de Vuelo de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana. De esta manera, la obra contribuye significativamente a la generación de nuevo conocimiento sobre las ciencias militares y de policía desde la experiencia de las FF. AA. colombianas.
Developing Self-Compassion Online: Assessing the Efficacy and Feasibility of a Brief Online Intervention
Authors:   University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, England, Northover Clare , Deacon Jack ,   University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, England, King John ,   University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, England, Irons Chris ,   University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, England,Balanced Minds, 265 Upper Street, London, England
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and feasibility of a newly designed online self-compassion training programme for the general public. Two hundred and forty-nine participants were randomly assigned to have either immediate or delayed access to a four-week online self-compassion training programme. This programme was based on Compassionate Mind Training and was made up of psychoeducational sessions and in-between session practices and readings. Out of the 179 participants who completed the pre-intervention measures, 81 participants completed the waiting list control design (45.25%; 52 participants from the waiting list group and 29 from the intervention group) and 50 participants went on to complete the intervention (27.9%; i.e., combining the 21 participants from the waiting list group that completed the intervention with the 29 from the intervention group). Compared to the control group, participants in the intervention group showed statistically significant increases in self-compassion and well-being and significant decreases in uncompassionate attitude towards self, shame, self-criticism, depression, anxiety, stress, levels of fear of compassion and attachment avoidance and anxiety. These effects remained at a one month follow up (based on data from 31 participants who completed these measures). The number of sessions completed was significantly predicted by baseline levels of well-being. This study provides promising results for the use of online self-compassion interventions to improve the mental wellbeing of the general public. However, further research is now needed to help understand the barriers to engagement and to help tailor its format to better suit participants who disengaged.
The Long-Term Effectiveness of Internet-Based Interventions on Multiple Health Risk Behaviors: Systematic Review and Robust Variance Estimation Meta-analysis
Authors: Tzelepis Flora , Mitchell Aimee , Wilson Louise , Byrnes Emma , Haschek Alexandra , Leigh Lucy , Oldmeadow Christopher
Published: December 2021

Background

Smoking tobacco, poor nutrition, risky alcohol use, and physical inactivity (SNAP) behaviors tend to cluster together. Health benefits may be maximized if interventions targeted multiple health risk behaviors together rather than addressing single behaviors. The internet has wide reach and is a sustainable mode for delivery of interventions for multiple health behaviors. However, no systematic reviews have examined the long-term effectiveness of internet-based interventions on any combination of or all SNAP behaviors in adults aged 18 years or older.

Objective

This systematic review examined, among adults (aged ≥18 years), the effectiveness of internet-based interventions on SNAP behaviors collectively in the long term compared with a control condition.

Methods

The electronic databases Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched to retrieve studies describing the effectiveness of internet-based interventions on ≥2 SNAP behaviors published by November 18, 2019. The reference lists of retrieved articles were also checked to identify eligible publications. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials or cluster randomized controlled trials with adults examining an internet-based intervention measuring the effect on ≥2 SNAP behaviors at least 6 months postrecruitment and published in English in a peer-reviewed journal. Two reviewers independently extracted data from included studies and assessed methodological quality using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. A robust variance estimation meta-analysis was performed to examine the long-term effectiveness of internet-based interventions on all 4 SNAP risk behavior outcomes. All SNAP outcomes were coded so they were in the same direction, with higher scores equating to worse health risk behaviors.

Results

The inclusion criteria were met by 11 studies: 7 studies measured the effect of an internet-based intervention on nutrition and physical activity; 1 study measured the effect on smoking, nutrition, and physical activity; and 3 studies measured the effect on all SNAP behaviors. Compared with the control group, internet-based interventions achieved an overall significant improvement across all SNAP behaviors in the long term (standardized mean difference –0.12 [improvement as higher scores = worse health risk outcomes], 95% CI –0.19 to –0.05; I2=1.5%, P=.01). The global methodological quality rating was “moderate” for 1 study, while the remaining 10 studies were rated as “weak.”

Conclusions

Internet-based interventions were found to produce an overall significant improvement across all SNAP behaviors collectively in the long term. Internet-based interventions targeting multiple SNAP behaviors have the potential to maximize long-term improvements to preventive health outcomes.