bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refusing Trust, Evading Vulnerability
Authors: McLellan Timothy G.
Published: May 2024

This chapter looks into the notion of refusal of trust and evasion of vulnerability. It explores bureaucratic workarounds and the frustration surrounding a bureaucrat's refusal to trust. In social scientific scholarship, trust is often used interchangeably with or as a synonym for confidence or belief. Thus, bureaucrats' refusal to trust is evident in the struggles that Institute for Farms and Forests (IFF) staff endured to gain access to field research sites. The chapter explains that rural communities' trust in the expertise of IFF's scientists results in communities unquestioningly following the advice of IFF scientists, which is something scientists should not cultivate.
Accelerating, Upscaling, Deskilling
Authors: McLellan Timothy G.
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the characteristics and tropes common to the research for development tools at the Institute for Farms and Forests (IFF). It highlights pervasive imperatives for quantifiable certainty, deskilling social science and soil science, and speed, scale, and value for money. Moreover, aspects of the Theory of Change share the logic of quantification, scale, and value for money with other development tools. The chapter highlights how a good research for development tool can be used by an unskilled user since it means that the tool becomes available for rapid implementation and upscaling. It notes how the Qingshan Agroforestry project provides extensive instances of IFF colleagues pushing back against the logic of tools.
Generating and Evading Vulnerability
Authors: McLellan Timothy G.
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses the desires to bring personal values and narratives into scientific practice and development activities, which is outside the professional norms of the Institute for Farms and Forests (IFF). It also considers the implications and repercussions of escaping vulnerability to professional communities and to those who fund scientific work. Moreover, the Qingshan Agroforestry provides an escape from the institutional demands to which IFF colleagues are ordinarily subject. The chapter tackles the anthropological and science and technology studies (STS) efforts to challenge the invulnerability of scientific authority. It then mentions the power that state and corporate actors wield over research institutes and universities.
A Theory of Change for the Sciences
Authors: McLellan Timothy G.
Published: May 2024

This chapter looks into a Theory of Change for the sciences. Many universities and sciences focus on the space for intellectual freedom and creativity that they have lost at the hands of corporate-driven funding regimes and invasive audit regimes. The Theory of Change argument involves remaking sciences and universities that require people to proliferate opportunities for interruptions and vulnerability. Following through on the logic of the Theory of Change meant turning problematization into a pathway stretching from desired outcomes back to concrete actions. The chapter highlights the importance of initiatives to sustain opportunities for vulnerability and interruption in the shadow of headache-inducing bureaucracies.
The Color of Desire
Authors: Ewing Christopher
Published: May 2024

This book tells the story of how, in the aftermath of gay liberation, race played a crucial role in shaping the trajectory of queer, German politics. Focusing on the Federal Republic of Germany, the book charts both the entrenchment of racisms within white, queer scenes and the formation of new, antiracist movements that contested overlapping marginalizations. Far from being discrete political trajectories, racist and antiracist politics were closely connected, as activists worked across groups to develop their visions for queer politics. The book describes not only how AIDS workers, gay tourists, white lesbians, queer immigrants, and Black feminists were connected in unexpected ways but also how they developed contradictory concerns that comprised the full landscape of queer politics. Out of these connections, which often exceeded the bounds of the Federal Republic, arose new forms of queer fascism as well as their multiple, antiracist contestations. Both unsettled the appeals to national belonging, or “homonationalism,” on which many white queer activists based their claims. Thus, the story of the making of homonationalism is also the story of its unmaking. The book explains how the importance of racism to queer politics cannot—and should not—be understood without also attending to antiracism. Actors worked across different groups, making it difficult to chart separable political trajectories. At the same time, antiracist activists also used the fractures and openings in groups that were heavily invested in the logics of whiteness to formulate new, antiracist organizations and, albeit in constrained ways, shifted queer politics more generally.
Antiracist Gains and the Emergence of Queer Fascism in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Ewing Christopher
Published: May 2024

This chapter considers the side effects of homophobia in line with the antiracist gains and the emergence of queer fascism in the twenty-first century. It explores the contradictions inherent in the politics of race while considering the contemporary appeal of right-wing politics for predominantly white queer people. The inclusive multiculturalism of the Lesbian and Gay Federation in Germany (Lesben-und Schwulenverband in Deutschland) and the Greens differed in important ways from the Christian conservatism of the Christian Democratic Union and the explicit nationalism of the Alternative for Germany (Alternative für Deutschland). By the early 2010s, queer of color activism was an entrenched and highly visible feature of queer politics in Germany. The chapter also notes how the Refugee Crisis in 2010 transformed the ways white queer Germans understood their responsibility to rescue queer refugees, and generated confusion on how to differentiate legitimate queer people from non-queer people applying for asylum.
Old Norse Riddles and other Verbal Contests in Performance
Authors: Mitchell Stephen A.
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines Old Norse riddles and other verbal contests in performance. It cites that riddles are asked or performed within a tradition of customary knowledge. The Old Norse poetic convention of the kenning is frequently likened to riddles due to the correct referents of extended metaphors. The chapter then looks into the senna and the mannajafnaðr as ritualized forms of verbal aggression typified by their competitive use of language in specific marked social contexts. Moreover, both Old Norse genres are Nordic manifestations of a widely known form of competitive speech act where language plays a central role in escalating and de-escalating social conflict in structured public display venues.
Óðinn, Charms, and Necromancy
Authors: Mitchell Stephen A.
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores Hávamál in its Nordic and European contexts, which includes the interplay of Óðinn, charms, and necromancy. The idea of the recently dead being reanimated and regaining their capacity for speech and locomotion is not exactly farfetched to a medieval audience. The issue of the dead and dying in Old Norse mythology explores the Nordic basis for Óðinn's claim. Conversely, the notion is correlated to classical traditions of the Ferryman's Fee and other Christian saint legends. The chapter mentions how several verses in Hávamál fit the mold shaped by the material and textual evidence of Germanic rituals.
Memory and Places That Matter
Authors: Mitchell Stephen A.
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on how Samsø is remembered. For the Scandinavian Middle Ages, the many monuments, like runestones and grave mounds, dotted the landscape which suggested cultural continuity across time, and connections to a deep and mythical past. The chapter considers several famous central places treated in narrative tradition to help better contextualize how Samsø is remembered. References to Samsø/Sámsey are frequent in a variety of medieval materials, such as Icelandic sagas, Saxo, and eddic poetry. The cultural indices of Medieval Samsø, such as being the site of several assemblies of leading men from around the kingdom, proved that it was a place that mattered.
How Russian Literature Became Great
Authors: Hellebust Rolf
Published: May 2024

This book explores the cultural and political role of a modern national literature, orchestrated in a Slavonic key but resonating far beyond Russia’s borders. The book investigates a range of literary tendencies, philosophies, and theories from antiquity to the present: Roman jurisprudence to German Romanticism, French Enlightenment to Czech Structuralism, Herder to Hobsbawm, Samuel Johnson to Sainte-Beuve, and so on. Besides the usual Russian suspects from Pushkin to Chekhov, the book includes European writers: Byron and Shelley, Goethe and Schiller, Chateaubriand and Baudelaire, Dante, Mickiewicz, and more. As elsewhere, writing in Russia advertises itself via a canon of literary monuments constituting an atemporal “ideal order among themselves” (T.S. Eliot). And yet this is a tradition that could only have been born at a specific moment in the golden nineteenth-century age of historiography and nation-building. The Russian example reveals the contradictions between immutability and innovation, universality and specificity at the heart of modern conceptions of tradition from Sainte-Beuve through Eliot and down to the present day. The conditions of its era of formation—the prominence of the crucial literary-historical question of the writer’s social function, and the equation of literature with national identity—make the Russian classical tradition the epitome of a unified cultural text, with a complex narrative in which competing stories of progress and decline unfold through the symbolic biographical encounters of the authors who constitute its members. The book thus offers a new paradigm for understanding the paradoxes of modern tradition.
Beginnings and Endings
Authors: Hellebust Rolf
Published: May 2024

This chapter presents the resulting narrative structure of the nineteenth-century Russian literary tradition. The reader’s unconscious reconstruction of the narrative of a literary tradition is a complex process, integrating data from a variety of sources, nonfictional and fictional. Once this integration has been achieved and the reader has established the network of canonic moments that link tradition members, there remains a final step—to resolve the contradictory stories of progress and decline that are manifested in these links. The end point of the Tradition narrative is marked by a collective outpouring of talent—such as Ivan Turgenev, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Lev Tolstoy—rather than the emergence of a solitary titan comparable to Aleksandr Pushkin. While Pushkin is the key figure in the narrative’s inception, he is not the only writer whose role is that of a pioneer. Nikolai Gogol, in particular, may be given a share of the title of progenitor. The chapter then considers the reconciliation of the decline and progress narratives.
The Promise of Piety
Authors: Khan Arsalan
Published: May 2024

This book examines the zealous commitment to a distinct form of face-to-face preaching (dawat) among Pakistani Tablighis, practitioners of the transnational Islamic piety movement the Tablighi Jamaat. This group says that Muslims have abandoned their religious duties for worldly pursuits, creating a state of moral chaos apparent in the breakdown of relationships in the family, nation, and global Islamic community. Tablighis insist that this dire situation can only be remedied by drawing Muslims back to Islam through dawat, which they regard as the sacred means for spreading Islamic virtue. In a country founded in the name of Muslim identity and where Islam is ubiquitous in public life, the Tablighi claim that Pakistani Muslims have abandoned Islam is particularly striking. The book shows how Tablighis constitute a distinct form of pious relationality in the ritual processes and everyday practices of dawat and how pious relationality serves as a basis for transforming domestic and public life. The book explores both the promise and limits of the Tablighi project of creating an Islamic moral order that can transcend the political fragmentation and violence of life in postcolonial Pakistan.
Dawat as a Ritual of Transcendence in an Islamic Nation
Authors: Khan Arsalan
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the political relevance of directness in contemporary Pakistan against the backdrop of Pakistani nationalism. Pakistani nationalism has been structured around a genealogical imaginary that assumed that high-caste (ashraf) Muslims were purer Muslims and that it was their task to uplift low-caste (ajlaf) Muslims as well as reform their religious practices. This logic frames caste, class, and ethnic hierarchies that exclude a range of people from occupying positions as proper Islamic subjects of the Islamic nation. By reenacting the Prophet's example, dawat returns the Tablighi to the time of the Prophet, the original generative movement of Islam, thereby creating a direct relationship to God. Dawat extends Islamic authority to those who were previously denied it by the terms of Pakistani nationalism, allowing them to become the bearers of a pure, authentic Islam. The chapter then argues that dawat is a ritual of transcendence that allows people defined as “low” in the caste, class, and ethnic hierarchies of the nation to transcend their “worldly” origins and become agents of Islamic moral order. This promise of piety explains the millions of Pakistani Muslims that flock through the gates of the Tablighi Jamaat.
The Ethics of Hierarchy and the Moral Reproduction of Congregational Life
Authors: Khan Arsalan
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the role of pious companionship (sohbat), which manages and mediates the tensions that arise in the performance of dawat. At the heart of the ritual ideology of dawat is a tension between, on the one hand, the idea that Islamic tradition is complete and perfect, and, on the other hand, the possibility that every iteration can create new meanings that depart from the original, a problem captured in the dangers of “innovation” (biddat). This tension threatens to produce fragmentation in the movement that must be managed through participation in congregational life and specifically in acts of pious companionship. Piety requires adopting a stance of submission to pious authority and being “acted upon” by pious others. This involves not only ritualized acts of listening to sermons but learning more everyday forms of citationality of pious others who serve as exemplars of pious becoming. The humility and patience manifest in pious listening and citationality is what can be called the ethics of hierarchy, and it is central to pious relationality in the Tablighi Jamaat. Ultimately, the ethics of hierarchy is the basis for the moral reproduction of the Tablighi congregation.
Certain Faith, the Pious Home, and the Path to an Islamic Future
Authors: Khan Arsalan
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on how “certain faith,” the ideal to which Tablighis strive, depends on creating an Islamic home organized around pious male authority. An Islamic home subsumes patriarchal authority in the family within the authoritative voice of the congregation's pious Elders, creating a single line of authority from God to Elders to father to son. While some Tablighis can create a pious home, for many this is unrealizable, and this creates in them religious doubt. The chapter shows that the value of piety is unevenly distributed between familial and nonfamilial Tablighis, and this is experienced as a difference in the capacity to embody certain faith. However, the ethics of hierarchy stresses the limits of pious agency to transform others and reframes and valorizes the struggle against doubt as a sacrifice for God. This secures commitment even from those who are not able to establish model families and thus certain faith. The ethics of hierarchy, therefore, enables the Tablighi Jamaat to incorporate people from diverse backgrounds and thrive in diverse social and political contexts and is thus a condition for the growth of the movement.
The Ethical Affordances of Piety and the Specter of Religious Violence
Authors: Khan Arsalan
Published: May 2024

This chapter assesses the relationship between religious violence and popular politics by focusing on the rising incidence of blasphemy accusations in the past few decades. Vigilante and mob violence against blasphemy accused has become a perennial feature of political life in Pakistan. This violence is framed in liberal-secular discourse as “religious violence,” a concept that presumes that the problem of violence arises from excess passions and the absence of reason in religion. The chapter argues that understanding the relationship between religion and violence in contemporary Pakistani life requires attending to how religious practices generate their own ethical affordances, the potential for distinct ethical responses to social and political situations. It shows that while blasphemy politics depends on the sacralization of the state and law, and collapsing the distinction between the Pakistani state and the sacred law of the shariat, dawat depends on expanding the gap between the current Pakistani state and the moral state of Islam, pushing the latter to the future. Although Tablighis recognize blasphemy as a form of moral injury, they redirect efforts toward reproducing the conditions for dawat.
The Politics of Sovereign Transcendence in Modernity
Authors: Khan Arsalan
Published: May 2024

This concluding chapter addresses what precisely is modern about Islamic piety in the Tablighi Jamaat, and how this conception of Islamic modernity relates to the more canonical and hegemonic forms of liberal and secular modernity. In postcolonial Pakistan, Islam has become entangled with state sovereignty. State- and corporate-driven Islamization have produced new possibilities for the objectification of Islam, which have generated an even more intense climate of competition over Islamic authority. Dawat is a ritual of transcendence that allows the Tablighi to create a direct relationship to God and thus shares with many other religious and political forces throughout the world an emphasis on forming a direct, immediate relationship to transcendental power. In creating this direct relationship to God, the Tablighi can radically reimagine their place in the world and become an agent of moral order. In a world of deepening political, economic, and ecological crises, the promise of piety in the Tablighi Jamaat in Pakistan points to how religious and hierarchical aspirations for sovereign transcendence shape the politics of moral order in modernity.
Disposability and Survival in Paris
Authors: Bhagat Ali
Published: May 2024

This chapter shows how refugee governance in the EU is linked to issues of survival on the streets of Paris. France and Paris—and the refugees who struggle to relocate there—embody the violence of security threat, race, and the so-called preservation of European (white) identity. The chapter begins by providing a historical background of Paris's disdain for the poor before moving on to the French particularities of neoliberalism. It then considers the treatment of refugees in Paris through the analysis of material issues in capitalism, particularly those surrounding shelter, income, and political belonging. Key to this argumentation is the creation of the migrant fantasy that renders the often violent spectacles of refugee management acceptable. These fantasies are buttressed by illogical ideological commitments of neoliberalism surrounding accumulation and self-reliance. Ultimately, the chapter emphasizes forced displacement as an ongoing process—one that refugees do not escape by arriving in a major urban center such as Paris.
Endless Displacement?
Authors: Bhagat Ali
Published: May 2024

This concluding chapter returns to key theoretical concepts such as fantasy, liminality, and disposability to draw connections between refugee survival governance in Paris and Nairobi. On the one hand, refugees are accepted under the condition that they become productive members of society by selling their labor power or, better yet, turning themselves into entrepreneurs. On the other hand, refugees are deemed too expensive and portrayed as job-stealing migrants, thereby facilitating and justifying their rejection and ongoing displacement. This ambivalence drives the framing of refugees as liminal subjects because they are presented with an impossible situation bolstered by disciplinary logics of austerity, accumulation, and self-reliance. Despite apparent differences and histories of exclusion that tie the variegated experience of political dis/belonging and liminality, both Paris and Nairobi are hampered by racial exclusion in the face of austerity politics and capitalist fantasies of accumulation that box out refugees. In summary, the chapter considers this book's contribution to the field of International Political Economy.
Plantation Assemblages
Authors: Raeymaekers Timothy
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the contemporary plantation economy in the Mediterranean. While forced slavery has been gradually replaced by different forms of labor exploitation, the capitalist supply chains have progressively taken on a more networked form. The chapter discusses how the growing mobility of capital and labor coincides with the equally important immobility and containment of laboring subjects through the territorial infrastructures and spatial politics of the liberal nation-state. Regardless of the postwar agrarian reforms in Italy, postwar Italian state administrations are firmly built on the former's normative and material foundations to control and manage rural landscapes and populations. The chapter also considers the double dynamic of racial segregation and labor market stratification in Italy.
Liquids in Socialist Realism II
Authors: Vinokour Maya
Published: May 2024

This chapter assesses several Socialist Realist classics, tracing the generalization of the language of liquids within official Stalinist discourse beyond discussions of liquid-mediated labor. The analysis focuses on novels because Soviet cultural authorities selected that genre as dominant due to its accessibility and its “ability to blur the distinctions between the descriptive and the normative, the prescriptive and the didactic.” The chapter begins by looking at Marietta Shaginyan's Hydrocentral (1930). The novel's emphasis on irrationality over calculation; its anonymized, yet still identifiable, Bogdanovian and Fedorovian subtexts; and its reliance on liquid metaphors beyond descriptions of the hydroelectric station at its narrative center exemplify the values of Stalinist labor and aesthetic culture at the beginning of the 1930s. The chapter then considers Leonid Leonov's Sot' (1930) and Road to the Ocean (1935), as well as Nikolai Ostrovsky's How the Steel Was Tempered (1932–1934).
Border Conditions
Authors: Platt Kevin M. F.
Published: May 2024

This book combines history and memory studies with literary and cultural studies to examine lives at the limits of contemporary Europe: Russian speakers living in Latvia. Since the fall of the USSR in 1991, Latvia's Russian speakers have balanced between Russia and Europe as well as a socialist past, a capitalist and liberal present, and an illiberal regime rising in the Russian Federation. This book describes how members of this population have defined themselves through art, literature, cultural institutions, film, and music—and how others have sought to define them. At the end of the Cold War, many anticipated that societies globally could agree on the meaning of past history and a just politics in the present. The view from the borders of Europe demonstrates the contradictions pertaining to terms like empire, state socialism, liberalism, and nation that have made it impossible to achieve a consensus. In refocusing the examination of state socialism's aftermath around questions of empire and postcolonialism, the book helps us understand the distinctions between Russian and Western worldviews driving military confrontation to this day.
Hierarchy in the Arab Middle East
Authors: Lake David A.
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on hierarchy in the Arab Middle East. The United States faces a real threat of exploitation and entrapment from its subordinates after supporting small elite regimes in the Arab Middle East. Moreover, the United States gets limited policy concession but extensive opportunism undermining the gains from indirect rule. However, regional elites recognized the circumstance and deepened their reliance on their narrow constituencies and sought closer ties to other foreign powers, like Russia and China, further undermining the possible gains to the United States from indirect rule. The chapter cites that the US empire in the Middle East remains incomplete and deeply unsatisfying to Washington but it is unsure how to pull itself out of the region so indirect rule is likely to remain the default relationship.
A Communist Blind International
Authors: Galmarini Maria Cristina
Published: May 2024

This chapter details the silencing of Vladimir Alexandrovich Viktorov in Vienna and the confrontation between his opponents and supporters that reflected contemporary debates over the production of blindness as a category of thinking and a public concern. The Vienna conference echoed the contemporaries' competing perceptions of the Bolshevik Revolution and the Soviet experiment. The chapter talks about the blind people partaking in the variety of opinions that Western publics held about the Soviet Union, overlaying their perceptions of communism with questions that were specific to their preoccupations about blind agency and the boundary between politics and disability advocacy. It investigates pre-World War II origins of dilemmas that continued to animate the international blind movement throughout the second half of the twentieth century. Germany is included, offering an illustrative example of competing viewpoints that played out within the blind movement of a single country.
Socialist Blind Internationalism
Authors: Galmarini Maria Cristina
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores a different space of disability knowledge, which is one that the blind activists of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union built in the 1950s in parallel to their Western counterparts. It discusses the importance of the alternative internationalist project of Eastern Europe and the Soviet to question the imperialism of the American Foundation for Overseas Blind, the Western liberal premises of the World Council, and the logic of tutelage that underpinned both. Focusing on the blind, the chapter expands the discussion of what Sovietization and socialist integration meant for disabled historical actors in Eastern Europe. It argues that socialist internationalism carried positive appeal because it offered potentially optimal conditions to pursue their disability advocacy goals. It also shows that the actual exchanges of socialist blind activists involved more paradoxes than were portrayed in the discourse of socialist integration under Soviet guidance.
Learning, Contributing, and Proving the Capacity of (Some) Blind People
Authors: Galmarini Maria Cristina
Published: May 2024

This chapter shows that the international engagement of the Union of the Blind and Low-Sighted (BSV) had a propaganda dimension for East German blind activists because it enabled them to increase their country's prestige at a time when the issue of international recognition was imperative for it. The chapter analyzes BSV's relations with nonsocialist countries in the West and the Global South and how they affected its advocacy and knowledge production. BSV activists cherished international relations for reasons that were specific to their advocacy aspirations, especially their desire to prove blind people's agency and belonging in East German society. The chapter illuminates the ways in which BSV's disability politics aligned with the German Democratic Republic's foreign policy. It investigates the complex meanings that underpinned East German blind internationalism.
Epilogue
Authors: Galmarini Maria Cristina
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses the ways in which the legacy of socialist disability advocacy became a political factor and a liability in both Germany and Russia after 1989–1991. It traces the coming into being of a community whose experiences illuminate an understanding of both disability history and the socialist model of disability. It also recounts stories that oppose the tendency to view Western grassroots movements and the Americans with Disabilities Act as a metonym for the whole history of disability activism in the twentieth century. The chapter emphasizes how blind internationalism can provide insights into the struggles and experiences of other internationally minded disability activists of the Cold War period and deepen the understanding on the connection between international and domestic disability work. It raises questions about hegemonic neoliberalism as the best context for contemporary disability advocates to undo ableism.
Love and Sexuality as Power
Authors: Silleras-Fernandez Nuria
Published: May 2024

This chapter analyzes Isabel of Portugal's emotionally intense relationship with her husband, Juan II, within the framework of the courtly culture of her time that was characterized by the idealization of chivalry, the popularity of love poetry, and constant noble feuding. After marrying Juan, Isabel witnessed firsthand the unrest in Castile and within the royal family. It also examines her career as queen of Castile and her relationship with her husband's royal favorite, Álvaro de Luna, to contend that love and desire may be a source of power but in some circumstances can become a liability. The chapter looks at the Centón letters, which remain important with respect to the figure of Isabel of Portugal. The chronicles of Juan II's era, which were the likely sources of the Centón, imply that there was an obvious competition between Isabel and Álvaro.
Portugal, 1491
Authors: Silleras-Fernandez Nuria
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on Isabel of Aragon's first marriage, which was by all accounts happy, and on her experience of grief and mourning after her husband's death. Isabel, the eldest daughter of Isabel and Fernando the Catholic, had become Princess of Portugal thanks to her marriage to Crown Prince Afonso in 1490, only to be widowed a few months later. The chapter explores how Afonso's passing affected his parents' twenty-five-year marriage and how the Portuguese and Castilian royal courts experienced mourning. Afonso's early demise, his funeral, and memorialization sparked a highly emotional reaction in Portugal and inspired a series of consolatory texts in verse and prose that were written in both Portuguese and Spanish. The chapter discusses how Afonso's death marked a turning point in the culture of bereavement, as the exuberant public displays associated with royal burial during the Middle Ages gave way to a culture of stoicism and restraint that became dominant in the mid-sixteenth century.
Madness in the Age of Empire
Authors: Silleras-Fernandez Nuria
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on Juana of Castile's life as queen, from her decline and discreditation following the death of her mother to her extreme expressions of grief at the loss of her husband. Juana's fate was not so much a consequence of her reputation as incompetent or disabled, but of her presentation as a monarch disinterested in ruling. The chapter emphasizes how allegations of madness are particularly powerful in discrediting a rival or competitor. Juana's situation demonstrates that alleged mental disability was one among many causes for removal from power, but it was neither a necessary nor a sufficient cause for delegitimization or confinement. The chapter looks at the controversies surrounding Juana's bereavement and the political reconfigurations they provoked that occurred at the turn of the sixteenth century.
Chapter XIX
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: May 2024

This chapter begins with Kamezasa's interrogation of the peasant Nukasuke, who was blamed for chasing Ōtsuka Bansaku Kazumori's dog into Hikiroku's back gate when he rashly aided Shino. Kamezasa manipulated Nukasuke to convince Bansaku to present his sword named Rainmaker to Kamakura, along with an apology for crimes committed. On the night Bansaku was to gift Rainmaker to Shino, Bansaku used the blade to take his own life as Kamezasa would not take care of Shino if he drew his last breath bedridden by illness. The chapter details how Shino showed mercy to Bansaku's dying dog, Yoshirō, and ended his suffering by severing his head with the Rainmaker. From the dog's body came out a mystical white bead that Shino believed was the reason Yoshirō had lived an unusually long life for a dog.
Chapter XXVIII
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: May 2024

This chapter narrates how Hamaji attempted to kill Samojirō when he allowed her to look at the sword Rainmaker after he kidnapped her on the night of her wedding to Kyūroku. Hamaji swinged Shino's sword with all her might but failed as Samojirō dodged her attacks and used his short sword to match her, eventually deeply cutting her under her breast. Dying, Hamaji expressed her deep hate for Samojirō and demanded that he just kill her instead and end her suffering as she could not be with Shino. The chapter tells how Samojirō was about to kill Hamaji but Dōsetsu killed him with a throwing spike through his chest. Dōsetsu gives Hamaji some medicine and reveals to her that he is her older brother and she was two years old when their father gave her to Hikiroku and Kamezasa.
Chapter XXIX
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: May 2024

This chapter recounts how Hamaji asked her brother, Dōsetsu, to take the sword Rainmaker and return it to Shino in Koga. But Dōsetsu refused and implied that he would use Rainmaker to exact revenge first on his enemy, Sadamasa, before he delivered it to Shino. The wound Samojirō inflicted on Hamaji turned out to be fatal and she passed away, leaving Dōsetsu to lower her body into the crematory pit. The chapter details how Gakuzō, who had been hiding and witnessed Hamaji's conversation with Dōsetsu, attempted to attack him and take Rainmaker to return to Shino. After their duel, Gakuzō swore to reunite with Shino in Koga to tell him the events with the Rainmaker and Hamaji's unfortunate demise.
Chapter XXXII
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: May 2024

This chapter details Kenpachi's conversation with Shino after he had come back from the dead, recounting his life and how he had been kept in prison by Yokohori Fuhito for wanting to resign as head jailer. Bungobei, witnessing this conversation, told them that his son Kobungo had a bead that resembled the ones Kenpachi and Shino had, differing only in the character it bore: his reads tei, for fraternity. The chapter emphasizes how Kobungo had a past-life connection with Shino and may have been deserving of a lower seat at the oath taking. The chapter recounts Kobungo's childhood, describing him as an unshorn youth who was not like other children in the marketplace as he loved the martial arts and was only interested in feats of strength. Kenpachi and Shino agreed that together with Gakuzō and Kobungo, the four them share a bond from past lives that proceeded from the karmic causes.
Chapter XXXIV
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: May 2024

This chapter details Shino's illness from his wounds and Bongubei's sudden visitation by a foot-servant, demanding him to go to the Estatesman's house. Kobungo had been absent since the night before as he made inquiries at saltmakers' beach to ascertain the nature of the brawl among some young men that were wrestling disciples of his and some disciples of Yamabayashi Fusahachi in Ichikawa. Kobungo comes across Fusahachi and was being provoked to get into a fight, but Kobungo refused out of respect for his father and just took all Fusahachi's beatings. The chapter details Kobungo's encounter with Atsumitsu, who had his father in custody and was inquiring about the arrival of the villain Shino who was suspected of murdering Kenpachi. Atsumitsu told Kobungo that he would release Bongubei if he revealed where Shino was.
Chapter XXXVII
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: May 2024

This chapter begins with Fusahachi's regret and grief of having his wife and child killed during his duel with Kobungo. When Myōshin came to the inn and cried over her daughter-in-law and grandchild's death, Kobungo used Nengyoku's conch to catch Fusahachi's lifeblood source so that he may join his wife and child. Shino having heard swords clashing while he was lying down in one of the rooms, went out of the room and sat outside of the door where he overheard Kobungo and Fusahachi talking about the death of his wife and child. The chapter narrates how Kobungo accidentally spilled the lifeblood he collected from Fusahachi and Niu onto Shino when he went outside and tripped over the ill man. Shino was miraculously cured by the lifeblood, his evil fever receded, his limbs grew light, and his spirits were better than they had ever been.
Chapter XXXVIII
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: May 2024

This chapter covers Shino talking about his dog Yoshirō that he buried under a plum tree after it died and from that tree bore eight plums that each possessed characters for benevolence and righteousness. Shino considered the prompt healing of his dire ailment by the lifesblood of Fusahachi and Nui as a divine intervention by En the Ascetic. Daihachi, who actually did not die during Fusahachi and Kobungo's duel, was promised to be raised by Shino like a dear brother. After Shino assured Fusahachi that he would plant a seed of the extraordinary plum on his and Niu's graves, Shino used his sword to take away his life. The chapter narrates Genpachi's arrival with three villains he caught spying the inn, which Kobungo confirmed were his wrestling disciples that excommunicated him.
Foxes, Fables, and Gender-Change—Mashal and Paroimia
Authors: Lœwe Raphael
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines rabbinic writings that rehearse a few fables taken from the orally transmitted corpus that are traditionally ascribed in the West to Aesop. It reviews the 2nd-century BCE Sanskrit corpus of the fables of Vishun Sarman, wherein a series of stories that would become known as Kalilah and Dimnah was extracted. It also outlines a reference that has been made to the postulated oral transmission of the fables in some lingua franca. The chapter scrutinizes an external feature of mashal, the key-word in the fable terminology of post-biblical and medieval Hebrew. It takes note of the fact that in biblical Hebrew mashal is masculine and its plural is invariably regular, meshalim.
Evaluation of a cadaveric wrist motion simulator using marker-based X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology
Authors: Glanville Joanna , Bates Karl T. , Brown Daniel , Potts Daniel , Curran John , Fichera Sebastiano
Published: May 2024

Surgical intervention is a common option for the treatment of wrist joint arthritis and traumatic wrist injury. Whether this surgery is arthrodesis or a motion preserving procedure such as arthroplasty, wrist joint biomechanics are inevitably altered. To evaluate effects of surgery on parameters such as range of motion, efficiency and carpal kinematics, repeatable and controlled motion of cadaveric specimens is required. This study describes the development of a device that enables cadaveric wrist motion to be simulated before and after motion preserving surgery in a highly controlled manner. The simulator achieves joint motion through the application of predetermined displacements to the five major tendons of the wrist, and records tendon forces. A pilot experiment using six wrists aimed to evaluate its accuracy and reproducibility. Biplanar X-ray videoradiography (BPVR) and X-Ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) were used to measure overall wrist angles before and after total wrist arthroplasty. The simulator was able to produce flexion, extension, radioulnar deviation, dart thrower’s motion and circumduction within previously reported functional ranges of motion. Pre- and post-surgical wrist angles did not significantly differ. Intra-specimen motion trials were repeatable; root mean square errors between individual trials and average wrist angle and tendon force profiles were below 1° and 2 N respectively. Inter-specimen variation was higher, likely due to anatomical variation and lack of wrist position feedback. In conclusion, combining repeatable intra-specimen cadaveric motion simulation with BPVR and XROMM can be used to determine potential effects of motion preserving surgeries on wrist range of motion and biomechanics.
Participants’ Compliance to Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program: Implications on Their Living Conditions
Authors: Bagaipo Elvie Mae Cañizares , Napiere Miguela B.
Published: May 2024

Aims: Compliance with program guidelines can pave the way for positive changes in people's lives. This study examined the influence of the characteristics of the 4Ps program beneficiaries and their compliance with program conditions and their living conditions.
Study Design: Descriptive – Correlational Quantitative Study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in a local Community in the Province of Agusan del Norte, Region Caraga, Philippines.
Methodology: This study employed the descriptive-correlational research design.  Program Compliance refers to the participants’ faithful observance to the program conditions specifically on the health and education components such as the vaccination of children, natal care for pregnant mothers; and regular attendance (at least 85% in a month) of children 5-18 years old.  Living Conditions refers to the education, occupation, and income status that program participants achieved while receiving and utilizing the cash grants given by the program.  These constructs were measured through indicators that are contained in a researcher-made questionnaire, such as the study by Salva et al. (2023) and the Social Welfare and Development Indicators (SWDI) Booklet.  The 370 out of 4,378 participants were chosen among the 4Ps beneficiaries in a local community in the Province of Agusan del Norte, who were selected through systematic random sampling. The data gathered for this study were tallied, statistically treated, analyzed, and interpreted. The statistical tools used to organize the data were descriptive statistics and multiple regression.
Results: Results show that 51.4 % of the participants belong to a family size of 5 members and below; 31.9 % are high school graduates; and 58.9 % earn an income ranging from Php 1,000.00- Php 5,000.00 monthly.  Health outcomes is generally high (M=4.0); and Educational outcome is generally very high (M=4.79). All the components of the Living Condition are generally high, specifically the Health and Nutrition Component (M=4.24); Education (M=4.36) and Financial Management (4.21). Regression analysis reveal that the whole model is significant (F= 22.77, p = .000), with compliance as specifically having a significant influence on the participants’ living conditions, rejecting the null hypothesis.
Conclusion:  Compliance to the program contributes to better living conditions.
Effect of INM on Growth Indices, Yield Attributes, Yield and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.)
Authors: Chauhan Jagrati , Pandey Sharad , Rawat Anupama , Chauhan Anjana , Bhatt Pallavi
Published: May 2024

The experiment was conducted at farmers field in Haridwar district of Uttarakhand during 2019-20 and 2020-21. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments viz. control (T1), 100 % RDF (T2), FYM @ 10 t/ha (T3), VC @ 5t/ha (T4), 75 % RDF + FYM @ 10t/ha (T5), 75 % RDF + VC @ 5 t/ha (T6), 50 % RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha (T7), 50 % RDF + VC @ 5 t/ha (T8), 50 % RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha + VC @ 5t/ha (T9), 75 % RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB (T10), 75 % RDF + VC @ 5 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB (T11). The treatments were replicated thrice and were laid out in randomized block design (RBD). Wheat variety used for the experimentation was PBW 343. The net plot size was 5 m X 5 m and crop spacing was 20cm between rows. The results reported that wheat crop with the application of 75 % RDF + VC @ 5 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB (T11) performed better in terms of growth parameters and yield under field condition compared to some of the treatments. Significantly higher B: C (2.9) ratio was calculated for 75 % RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB (T11). Percent increase of 5.5 % and 3.6 % was recorded during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively in grain yield with the application of 75 % RDF + VC @ 5 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB (T11) over 100 % RDF (T2). Maximum net returns were estimated in treatment T10 (75 % RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB) of Rs. 97288 and Rs. 102005  followed by treatment T11 (75 % RDF + VC@ 5 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB) during both the years. Sowing on 20th November with GW 451 produced the highest returns and benefit-cost ratio. These results suggest that combined application of 75 % RDF + vermicompost @ 5 t/ha+ Azospirillum + PSB or 75 % RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB is effective to get higher yield net return in wheat cultivation, providing valuable insights for farmers and researchers.
A produção da vida na América Latina e no Caribe e sua relação com o design e outros campos afins
Authors: Correa Pamela Cordeiro Marques , Cardoso André Luiz Carvalho
Published: May 2024

Construindo uma breve genealogia do pensamento social latino-americano, é perceptível que há em sua essência a busca pelo desprender da modernidade ocidental imposta pelo projeto colonial. Deste modo, este artigo propõe, através da doble crítica de Agustín LAÓ-MONTES e Daniel Vázquez, iniciar uma crítica imanente sobre a produção da vida na América Latina e no Caribe, e sua relação com o Design e áreas afins, articulando os antropólogos Arturo Escobar e Tim Ingold. Pretende-se também desenvolver uma crítica transcendente, uma interpretação subalterna desta produção a partir da materialidade encontrada no espaço urbano da periferia capitalista, especificamente o design espontâneo periférico ou design re(existência) como dispositivo para uma pedagogia encantada: gambiarra brasileira, desobediência tecnológica cubana, entre outros. Como resultado, aponta-se que o conhecimento da realidade e reconhecimento da humanidade e da luta por emancipação presentes na produção da vida através da história subalterna são, juntos, um caminho para o descolonizar.
Precedência, Terra e o Antropoceno
Authors: Vázquez Rolando
Published: May 2024

O design surgiu para nomear o modo como a modernidade mundifica o mundo. O que está em jogo na descolonização do design é nossa relação com a terra e a dignificação dos mundos relacionais. A tarefa de descolonizar o design nos leva por uma via tripla: entender o modo como a modernidade mundifica o mundo como artifício, como desterramento, entender o modo como a colonialidade desmundifica o mundo, aniquilando os mundos relacionais, e pensar o decolonial como uma forma de esperança radical em uma vida ética com a terra. Em um nível ainda mais fundamental, o modo de precedência é introduzido para contestar as metafísicas da presença que caracterizam a modernidade e sua redução da experiência ao tempo vazio. A questão da precedência desvincula-se da dicotomia, fundante da filosofia ocidental, entre imanência e transcendência. O modo de precedência põe em primazia um caráter relacional temporal que sempre está já além de qualquer formação no campo da imanência, na superfície do presente. Podemos pensar o design relacional como uma forma decolonial de estar com a terra e de mundificar o mundo? Podemos pensar o design como um modo de escuta?