bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La gestion des ordures ménagères à Libreville et Abidjan
Authors: Mvele-n'dango'o Pierre-claver
Published: May 2018

La gestion des ordures ménagères que les 700 000 habitants de Libreville produisent se heurtent aux dures réalités du milieu : 80 % de la population vivent dans des quartiers spontanés et 56 % des logements ne sont pas accessibles par des voies carrossables. Les maigres moyens logistiques dont dispose la Société de Valorisation des Ordures du Gabon et la faible adhésion des populations concernées n'y peuvent grand-chose. La collecte ne touche régulièrement que 38 % des ménages et 30 % seulement des déchets produits sont ramassés, pour un taux de 56,65 % à Abidjan. Améliorer la gestion des ordures ménagères à Libreville nécessite la restructuration des quartiers sous-intégrés avec un bon réseau viaire, une réelle décentralisation avec transfert des compétences et des moyens, une information et une éducation permanentes des populations.
Les responsabilités de l'urbanisme dans les crises du logement
Authors: Lacaze Jean-Paul
Published: May 2018

À l'occasion de l'explosion brutale dans l'opinion de la crise quantitative du logement (déficit de près de 400 000 unités dans l'agglomération parisienne), l'auteur rappelle quelques «fondamentaux » de ce secteur économique et social : les meilleures théories urbanistiques (le fonctionnalisme en l'occurrence) ne font pas le bonheur des sociétés ; dans les zones déjà urbanisées, c'est le prix du logement ancien, conditionné par des appréciations sociales plus que techniques, qui entraîne tout le marché ; le malthusianisme conjoint des collectivités locales, après les lois de décentralisation, et de l'État, sous raison de renouvellement urbain, a les mêmes effets négatifs sur la production suffisante de logements, entraînant une périurbanisation diffuse sans cesse plus lointaine et plus pénalisante. Pour sortir de la crise, l'auteur préconise une politique nationale d'opérations en sites vierges, offrant à la fois un habitat unifamilial d'un bon niveau de services et le respect des principes du développement durable
Une leçon d'histoire pour le présent. Le Service d'Aménagement de la Région Parisienne (1953-1967)
Authors: Croizé Jean-Claude
Published: May 2018

Se livrant à une enquête très précise dans les archives du Service d'Aménagement de la Région Parisienne (1953-1967), l'auteur souligne les apports de l'étude aussi bien à l'appréciation des problématiques contemporaines de gouvernement de la capitale qu'à la compréhension des logiques à l'œuvre il y a un demi-siècle. L'Etat et ses grands commis apparaissent omniprésents dans les décisions stratégiques comme dans les projets de portée locale. Loin d'être livrée à la finance ou à la banque, l'économie de la construction est encore dominée par l'investissement public ou semi-public (Sociétés d'Économie Mixte). Dans la commande, on relève une forte concentration des maîtres d'ouvrage et des grands architectes qui dominent le secteur du logement. L'industrie (automobile, aéronautique, énergie) et les grandes infrastructures de transport sont encore la grande affaire du moment. Et si la ville de Paris n'est pas surreprésentée dans les localisations pressenties ou choisies, c'est toujours la proximité ou l'accessibilité du centre de l'agglomération qui sont privilégiées plus qu'un bassin parisien ou une grande périphérie mythiques.
Jean-Pierre DUPORT s'entretient avec Guy BURGEL et Alexandre GRONDEAU
Authors: Duport Jean-Pierre , Burgel Guy , Grondeau Alexandre
Published: May 2018

Dans un entretien donné à Villes en Parallèle le 19 janvier 2007, donc avant la déclaration de Nicolas Sarkozy sur le Grand Paris du 26 juin de la même année, Jean-Pierre Duport, ancien préfet de la région Île-de-France, précise ses positions tant sur les rapports de l'État et de la société civile que sur l'aménagement de la capitale. Il se déclare résolument hostile à l'idée d'un Grand Paris et pour le renforcement des pouvoirs de la Région, notamment en matière de logement. De la même façon, il est plutôt favorable à des axes de transports tangentiels plus qu'à la création d'une ligne de rocade, «orbitale», ou «métrophérique», même s'il préconise pour ces grandes infrastructures un endettement à très long terme, qui ne serait pas pris en compte dans les critères de Maastricht.
Comment concevoir des espaces pérennes ?
Authors: Feredj Rémi
Published: May 2018

La realización del proyecto urbanistico en la ciudad central pone al operador en el cruce de múltiples restricciones. El caso de la RATP, empresa estatal de transporte urbano, muestra cómo puede repensarse el espacio público y desarrollar una estrategia industrial sostenible en la ciudad densificada, justamente a partir de una serie de restricciones industrials fuertes. La densificación de las áreas centrales, la diversidad de funciones, la preocupación por la forma del espacio construido, el respecto a la ecuación económica, son los pre-requisitos de una ciudad que preserve la continuidad en la complejidad. El artículo presenta el caso de una terminal de autobuses en el XXe arrondissement de París.
Buenos Aires, la ciudad y el puerto
Authors: Ribera Pablo
Published: May 2018

Una vez clausurada su función de puerto comercial de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, Puerto Madero se convirtió en el barrio más joven de la capital argentina. Es una tendencia internacional la búsqueda de rentabilidad de antiguas zonas portuarias situadas en los centros urbanos, cuya concepción no siempre permite mantener la función original en las actuales condiciones del transporte marítimo. Sin embargo, la «Corporación Antiguo Puerto Madero», formada por el gobierno nacional y el gobierno de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, parece haberse concentrado más en el desarrollo de negocios inmobiliarios que en una planificación del transporte. Esta transformación del puerto no ha considerado varios elementos que han condicionado fuertemente el sistema de transporte de cargas en el lugar : la ruptura de la comunicación ferroviaria de cargas Norte-Sur, la generación de un zona compleja de intenso uso del automóvil, la interrupción de la Autopista Ribereña.
La géographie asilaire française : éléments d'analyse spatio-temporelle
Authors: Coldefy Magali
Published: May 2018

Studying the application of the 1838 law which until 1990 governed the distribution of psychiatric hospitals in France, the author shows that far from obeying objective geographic centrality or demographic distribution criteria, the siting is in two respects a fact of representation of the disease : through its location, for many years preferring rural or peripheral spaces, and through the actual design of the architectural forms chosen.
Répartition des professionnels de santé et territoires de prise en charge
Authors: Lacoste Olivier
Published: May 2018

En se fondant sur la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais, l'auteur montre que la planification de l'offre de santé est complexe et loin de répondre à des critères purement objectifs. Elle apparaît partagée entre concurrence des territoires, équité des patients devant la maladie, et coût économique pour la société.
L'utilisation opérationnelle du territoire vécu de santé dans la planification
Authors: Macé Jean-Marc
Published: May 2018

In the normative of healthcare territories, we have moved from the hospital offer to an approach based on hospital activity. The author suggests adding to them the actual patient territory, i.e. the actual number of patients going to the hospitals. An application on the prostate cancer surgery tends to show the addition of spatial inequality and social inequity : major cities and higher social classes appear to receive better quality care.
Territoire et politique : frontières et identités de la mégapole mexicaine
Authors: Bataillon Claude
Published: May 2018

La métropole de Mexico, fruit d'une très longue histoire, s'étend sur six unités politico-administratives. La gestion urbaine informelle de cet ensemble a abouti, sans conflits jusque vers 1990, à une très forte polarisation sociale. Depuis, l'instauration d'une démocratie formelle met à jour de graves blocages.
Cartagena en el siglo XIX (1821-1911)
Authors: Arango Cardinal Silvia
Published: May 2018

La historiografia señala que Cartagena de Indias tuvo una gran decadencia y abandono en el siglo XIX. Sin embargo, a pesar de los avatares políticos y el éxodo inicial de buena parte de su elite, en este siglo Cartagena experimentó cambios urbanos estructurales : pasó de ser la ciudad escindida en dos recintos amurallados a una ciudad unitaria más densa y compleja e incorporó los barrios suburbanos con residencias permanentes. A pesar de las dificultades económicas de las últimas décadas del siglo, varios factores contribuyeron a acentuar la dinámica urbana : la vitalidad de los espacios públicos, las reformas liberales, las circunstancias políticas y los esfuerzos invertidos en infraestructura de servicios básicos marcaron una diferencia tajante respecta de la época colonial y prepararon la ciudad para los grandes cambios que tendrá en el siglo XX. El texto reconstruye las principales intervenciones y procesos urbanos tanto en el centra como en las periferias a partir de relatos de viajeros, de crónicas de la época y de documentos de archivo.
Lo cierto de lo incierto, décima en el entorno de Cartagena
Authors: Leottau Beleno Fidel
Published: May 2018

Con el encuentro de dos mundos en tierras del Caribe afloró un canto del siglo XVI, la espinela, que dejaba escuchar la voz del soldado ibérico en el campamento de la conquista de la Nueva Granada. Acompañado de vihuela los versos andaluces fueron bálsamo por la lejania europea, pero, también, las primeras formas literarias hispanas que se arraigaron en estas tierras. Es en la Región Caribe de Colombia (Nueva Andalucia) donde cobra mayor fuerza este fenómeno porque alli se asentaron sevillanos, cordobeses, gaditanos y rondanos, en su mayoría expulsados por los reyes católicos, reconocidos en la peninsula ibérica por su fuerte arraigo sarraceno y remota tradición de payadores rurales. La décima, hija del Siglo de Oro hispano, remplaza en América al romancero como medio de expresión lírica de las narraciones orales criollas. Pero, pese a su amplio legado y alcance cultural en el Caribe colombiano, la décima ha mostrado en los últimos tiempos asomos de su decadencia. El supremo problema para la décima caribeña colombiana es su agotamiento, su dificultad para sobre ponerse a la extinción.
Cumbia y Cartagena de Indias : entre las leyendas y la fiebre de exportación
Authors: De La Hoz O'Byrne Julio
Published: May 2018

Il existe plusieurs théories sur l'origine de la cumbia colombienne, et il est encore difficile de définir ce qu'on entend par ce genre musical. Sont évoqués les légendes et les documents qui tournent autour de l'émergence de ce qui est maintenant connu comme la cumbia. Ils mettent en lumière la thèse la plus répandue et globalement acceptée : l'origine de ce rythme est due à une fusion culturelle entre Espagnols, Africains et autochtones dans la ville de Carthagène des Indes, à l'époque coloniale. Bien que les interprétations soient nombreuses, on peut assurer que le terme cumbia et sa signification musicale sont le résultat d'un métissage ethnique reflété aussi dans ce qu'est aujourd'hui le peuple colombien.
Edificaciones del siglo XX en Veracruz. Expresiones singulares e interpretaciones locales
Authors: Winfield Reyes Fernando N.
Published: May 2018

Punto de encuentro e intercambio cultural para México y el mundo desde sus origenes, la ciudad y el puerto de Veracruz integra y expresa una muestra por demás significativa de las influencias y las reinterpretaciones a la arquitectura que con distintas modernidades fue ensayada a lo largo del siglo XX ; no por ello sus edificaciones más emblemáticas han renunciado a la originalidad y a una voluntad de cifrar en distintas etapas una identidad basada en los aspectos de un sincretismo cultural que resulta inconfundible. Así, como puerta de la nación que mira al Golfo de México y a la cuenca del Caribe, las principales edificaciones de Veracruz reconocen los afanes de modernización emprendida en distintas etapas históricas que correspondieron a la industrialización, las secuelas de la Revolución Mexicana y la progresiva internacionalización. Con una presencia de arquitectos e ingénieras procedentes de distintas geografias, las edificaciones de Veracruz señalan un muestrario por demás interesante de adaptación a las condiciones climáticas, mediante una serie de elementos invariantes que permiten precisar la existencia de una arquitectura jarocha — término local que designa también el gentilicio asociado a la cultura asentada en esta franja costera de México.
POST-MERGER RETURNS IN FRONTIER MARKETS, OR HOW WE LEARNED TO STOP WORRYING AND LOVE THE ACQUIRERS
Authors: ZAREMBA Adam , SZYSZKA Adam , PŁOTNICKI Michał , GROBELNY Przemysław
Published: May 2018

This study presents the results from a comprehensive out-of-sample test of long-run returns following mergers and acquisitions (M&amp;As). Using a unique sample from 23 frontier markets of almost 800 transactions conducted during the years 1992 to 2016, we implement both cross-sectional tests and time-series examinations based on a calendar-time portfolio approach. Contrary to evidence from developed markets, the M&amp;As in these frontier markets do not lead to abnormal underperformance of acquirers, regardless of whether they paid for the acquisition with cash or stock. The results are robust to many considerations, including subsample and subperiod analysis, alternative formation periods, different portfolio construction approaches.
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC BLOCK ADJUSTMENT WITHOUT CONTROL POINTS
Authors: EL-ASHMAWY Khalid L. A.
Published: May 2018

A simple method for close range and aerial photogrammetry applications has been developed. The method is in the form of bundle block adjustment which utilizes only the measured distance(s) between points for generating adjusted relative three dimensional (3D) coordinate system. Software based on the proposed method has been developed and tested using simulated data. The effects of block size, number and location of measured distances, and random errors on bundle block adjustments using the proposed and the conventional methods have been studied using simulated and actual photogrammetric data. It was found that the accuracy of the bundle block adjustment using the proposed method is comparable or better than the results of conventional method. The proposed method, is suitable for photogrammetrists and non-photogrammetrists in different fields such as architectural, archaeological, forensic and aerial photogrammetry, where relative 3D coordinates system may be required. It has a significant effect on reducing the overall cost of the photogrammetric project. Merging the capabilities of the developed software and Computer Aided Design (CAD) technology, especially 3D drawing generation, widens its applications areas to include recording buildings and monuments which is necessary for architectural and archaeological applications.
THE EFFECT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING ON INNOVATION IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
Authors: ABDI Kambiz , MARDANI Abbas , SENIN Aslan Amat , TUPENAITE Laura , NAIMAVICIENE Jurga , KANAPECKIENE Loreta , KUTUT Vladislavas
Published: May 2018

The main objective of this study was to examine the direct and indirect effects of organizational culture, knowledge management and organizational learning on innovation. The study combined knowledge-based view theory (KBV), competitive value framework to develop a new original theoretical framework for investigation of factors that affect innovation. Data was gathered from a survey of 279 companies supplying automobile parts to Iran Khodro Company, an Iranian leading automobile manufacturer. Study discovered that organizational culture and knowledge management influenced organizational innovation. Besides that, organizational learning played a significant role as a mediator in that relationship. However, knowledge management was not considered as a mediator in the relationship between organizational culture and organizational innovation. As a practical contribution, the findings of the study serve as a guideline for policy makers and managers in the formulation of policies and strategies for sustainable innovation. Knowing the effectiveness of the innovation can help the government to make decisions about the continuation of this policy. Moreover, study contributes to firm management in formulation of policies and strategies for sustainability in innovation context. Innovation assists organizations supplying the product or service in the automotive sector to operate innovatively, competitively and profitably.
BUSINESS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND FDI: KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC-OWNED FIRMS – A CASE OF SLOVAKIA
Authors: RAJNOHA Rastislav , MERKOVÁ Martina , DOBROVIČ Ján , RÓZSA Zoltán
Published: May 2018

The empirical study defines typical investment behaviour of foreign-owned firms against local firms and highlights benefits and any discrepancies of foreign capital. The paper focuses on industrial enterprises in Slovakia mainly from the automotive, engineering and wood-processing industry (N = 164). Results show the significant dependence of foreign ownership and better business performance compared with domestic firms. The performance was expressed through ROE indicator. Enterprises with the foreign participation of property achieve better performance, most typically with ROE above 10% (p-value &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The better performance, as well as distinctive feature of intangibles and research &amp;amp; development investments, are typically in foreign-owned firms. Intangibles and R&amp;amp;D as crucial investments do not directly cause better business performance in foreign-owned firms, and we discuss the reasons. The research results offer relevant and interesting implications for managers behaviour, also public authorities as well as motives for further investigation of the business performance management and foreign direct investment issues
Saturn’s Formation and Early Evolution at the Origin of Jupiter’s Massive Moons
Authors: Ronnet T. , Mousis O. , Vernazza P. , Lunine J. I. , Crida A.
Published: May 2018

The four massive Galilean satellites are believed to have formed within a circumplanetary disk during the last stages of Jupiter’s formation. While the existence of a circum-Jovian disk is supported by hydrodynamic simulations, no consensus exists regarding the origin and delivery mechanisms of the building blocks of the forming satellites. The opening of a gap in the circumsolar disk would have efficiently isolated Jupiter from the main sources of solid material. However, a reservoir of planetesimals should have existed at the outer edge of Jupiter’s gap, where solids were trapped and accumulated over time. Here we show that the formation of Saturn’s core within this reservoir, or its prompt inward migration, allows planetesimals to be redistributed from this reservoir toward Jupiter and the inner Solar System, thereby providing enough material to form the Galilean satellites and to populate the Main Belt with primitive asteroids. We find that the orbit of planetesimals captured within the circum-Jovian disk are circularized through friction with gas in a compact system comparable to the current radial extent of the Galilean satellites. The decisive role of Saturn in the delivery mechanism has strong implications for the occurrence of massive moons around extrasolar giant planets as they would preferentially form around planets within multiple planet systems.
The Keck/OSIRIS Nearby AGN Survey (KONA). I. The Nuclear K-band Properties of Nearby AGN*
Authors: Müller-Sánchez F. , Hicks E. K. S. , Malkan M. , Davies R. , Yu P. C. , Shaver S. , Davis B.
Published: May 2018

We introduce the Keck OSIRIS Nearby AGN survey (KONA), a new adaptive optics-assisted integral-field spectroscopic survey of Seyfert galaxies. KONA permits at ∼0.″1 resolution a detailed study of the nuclear kinematic structure of gas and stars in a representative sample of 40 local bona fide active galactic nucleus (AGN). KONA seeks to characterize the physical processes responsible for the coevolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies, principally inflows and outflows. With these IFU data of the nuclear regions of 40 Seyfert galaxies, the KONA survey will be able to study, for the first time, a number of key topics with meaningful statistics. In this paper we study the nuclear K-band properties of nearby AGN. We find that the K-band (2.1 μm) luminosities of the compact Seyfert 1 nuclei are correlated with the hard X-ray luminosities, implying a non-stellar origin for the majority of the continuum emission. The best-fit correlation is log L

K
 = 0.9log L
2–10 keV + 4 over three orders of magnitude in both K-band and X-ray luminosities. We find no strong correlation between 2.1 μm luminosity and hard X-ray luminosity for the Seyfert 2 galaxies. The spatial extent and spectral slope of the Seyfert 2 galaxies indicate the presence of nuclear star formation and attenuating material (gas and dust), which in some cases is compact and in some galaxies extended. We detect coronal-line emission in 36 galaxies and for the first time in 5 galaxies. Finally, we find 4/20 galaxies that are usually classified as Seyfert 2 based on their optical spectra exhibit a broad component of Brγ emission, and one galaxy (NGC 7465) shows evidence of a double nucleus.
Evolution of the Black Hole Mass Function in Star Clusters from Multiple Mergers
Authors: Christian Pierre , Mocz Philip , Loeb Abraham
Published: May 2018

We investigate the effects of black hole (BH) mergers in star clusters on the black hole mass function (BHMF). As BHs are not produced in pair-instability supernovae, it is suggested that there is a dearth of high-mass stellar BHs. This dearth generates a gap in the upper end of the BHMF. Meanwhile, parameter fitting of X-ray binaries suggests the existence of a gap in the mass function under 5 solar masses. We show, through evolving a coagulation equation, that BH mergers can appreciably fill the upper mass gap, and that the lower mass gap generates potentially observable features at larger mass scales. We also explore the importance of ejections in such systems and whether dynamical clusters can be formation sites of intermediate-mass BH seeds.
Haematological parameters, haemozoin-containing leukocytes in Sudanese children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Authors: Salih Magdi M , Eltahir Hatim G , Abdallah Tajeldin M , Elmahdi Tariq E , Khamis Ammar H , Malik Elfatih E , Adam Ishag
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Haemozoin –containing leucocytes (HCL) can be used to predict severe malaria.

Methodology: A case –control study was conducted in Singa, Sudan, to investigate the haematological values and HCL in children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The cases were children with severe P. falciparum malaria (67). The two groups of controls were patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria (63) and healthy children (50).

Results: The mean (±SD) age was 5.5 (±3.8) years. In comparison with children with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, children with severe P. falciparum malaria had significantly lower haemoglobin and platelet counts, and significantly higher lymphocyte counts, red cell distribution width (RDW), and platelet distribution width (PDW). The rate of haemozoin –containing monocytes (percentage of children positive for this parameter in each group) was 91.0%, 84.6% and 50.0%, P<0.001 in children with severe P. falciparum, uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria and negative controls, respectively. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for blood parameters and HCL were plotted and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated for the prediction of severe P. falciparum malaria infection. The ROC curve analysis, showed a fair predictability of malaria for haemoglobin (AUC = 0.74, sensitivity = 76.0% and specificity  = 60.3%, cut-off  = 9.7g/dl), lymphocytes (AUC = 0.71, sensitivity = 71.3% and specificity  = 62.2%, cut-off  = 1.95×103/mm3), PDW (AUC = 0.69, sensitivity = 80.1% and specificity = 66.3%, cut-off  = 15.34 %) and haemozoin in the monocytes (AUC = 0.68, sensitivity = 68.2% and specificity = 65.2%, cut-off =5.5 %).

Conclusion: RDW, PDW and HCL could be used to predict severe malaria in this setting.
Changes in the vaccination rate among healthcare workers in response to hospital policies
Authors: Lee Jin Young , Park Ji Young , Lee Young Hee , Kim Je Hun , Park Jong Woo
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious disease among healthcare workers (HCWs). Although HCWs are recommended to receive vaccination, the vaccination rates have been low. We sought to investigate the effect of HCWs’ vaccination recommendation program by the types of enforcement and influencing factors on compliance, with the aim of enhancing their immunity.

Methodology: First and second interventions were carried out. During the first intervention, vaccinations were recommended through official documents. Hepatitis B vaccination was mandatory. Diphtheria toxoid, acellular pertussis (Tdap) and Hepatitis A vaccinations were recommended without financial support. MMR and varicella vaccinations were recommended with fees for the antibody test were covered by the hospital. One-to-one consultation (OC) regarding vaccination was held in the second intervention. Aside from the OC, the second intervention followed the same procedure as the first intervention for the antibody tests and vaccination, but differed in that pertussis vaccination fees were covered.

Results: The immunization rates for infectious diseases were greater after the second intervention than the first intervention. The rate of immunized HCWs with hepatitis B virus was 100% at the end of the second intervention. The greatest increase in immunization rates from the first to the second intervention was that for pertussis, and the second greatest was that for hepatitis A. Age and working units were influencing factors on hepatitis A vaccine compliance.

Conclusions: In order to increase vaccination rates, efforts must be made to deliver information to individual HCWs through OC as well as financial support including a mandatory policy.
Eliminating disparities and implicit bias in health care delivery by utilizing a hub-and-spoke model
Authors: Joseph Pradeep
Published: May 2018

The state of health disparities in the United States has remained relatively stable over a number of years. Although overall outcomes for all patients have improved, a difference persists in how different racial, ethnic, and gender groups have fared in our health care system. Many programs that have sought to combat this problem have been predicated on the belief that only a small number of providers in the medical community are aware of their own biases. Accordingly, it was believed that bias awareness is the direct conduit for this particular change in the health system. However, the results of such programs have been unsatisfactory. The reason for such ineffectiveness is that many programs have not taken into account the presence of implicit bias within the patient-provider relationship. This complex form of bias operates in specific ways, and must be dealt with appropriately. The use of digital checklists to aid in clinical decision making has proved to be both a way that patients can receive equitable care, and a way to improve overall patient outcomes. Secondly, in order to reach the most at-risk populations, health care must expand beyond the hospital walls, and out into the community. Nurse navigator programs have been shown to accomplish this with great success. Together, checklists and nurse navigators are the necessary next-step in the battle against health care disparities. What’s more, this two-pronged approach is relatively simple to implement. By making use of current electronic medical records, digital checklists can be quickly installed. Likewise, nurse navigator programs, a comparatively inexpensive option, can be rolled out quickly because of their simple design. A focus on the patient-provider relationship and community outreach is critical for progress in eliminating health care disparities.
Confréries de métier et corporations à Paris (XVII e -XVIII e siècles)
Authors: Garrioch David
Published: May 2018

Au XVII e siècle, les communautés de métier et leurs confréries sont en général inséparables. Elles ont souvent une administration commune, les élections ont lieu le jour de la fête du saint patron, et les fonds de la corporation paient les frais des offices religieux. Les funérailles et la célébration des fêtes religieuses font partie de la vie communautaire et de l’identité corporative. Cette inséparabilité relève d’une conception « enchantée » du monde, où la vie profane ne se distingue guère du spirituel. Cet article examine le processus de sécularisation des corporations et cherche à expliquer la fin des confréries de métier à Paris. L’action de la monarchie – en dépit de ses fondements religieux – est au cœur du processus. Afin d’extraire un maximum de revenus des corporations, le roi impose au XVIII e siècle une séparation financière des confréries et des corporations, et limite les dépenses. Il introduit une nouvelle distinction entre les fonctions religieuses et les autres activités des métiers, qui a pour effet de séculariser les corporations. Son intention n’est nullement de s’attaquer à la religion. Au contraire, son action relève d’une nouvelle conception du monde, caractéristique de la Réforme catholique, qui cherche à protéger le sacré en le séparant du profane. Aux yeux des commissaires royaux, le travail appartient au monde séculier. Les confréries de métier n’y ont aucune place. Sujettes à une critique croissante et à une désaffection de la part d’un certain nombre de leurs membres, elles ne survivront pas à la réforme des corporations en 1776.
L’Église catholique latine et le débat sur les lois scolaires en Jordanie et Israël
Authors: Rioli Maria Chiara
Published: May 2018

Après la première guerre arabo-israélienne de 1947-1949, les catholiques arabes et leurs institutions devaient compter avec deux États en formation et en réorganisation, le nouvel État d’Israël, dont la population était divisée entre juifs et arabes palestiniens, et le royaume jordanien qui avait annexé la Cisjordanie palestinienne. Malgré leurs profondes différences, les deux États eurent à faire face à des problèmes législatifs similaires tant en matière d’état civil qu’au sujet de la place des religions, qu’elles soient juive, musulmane ou chrétienne. Notre propos est centré sur le débat auquel a donné lieu, dans les deux pays, la question de la reconnaissance des écoles chrétiennes dans les années cinquante, en mettant en lumière la complexité de l’attitude catholique – mûrissant à Jérusalem et à Rome – envers les transformations majeures au Moyen-Orient dans le « long 1948 ».
Michel Butor
Authors: Gallon Stéphane
Published: May 2018

La littérature, une vieille douairière défraîchie… Le style, un concept flou et fumeux… La stylistique, une discipline desséchée et desséchante… L’auteur de La Modification, un séide du Nouveau Roman, un prosélyte de l’écriture pour l’écriture…Tous ces préjugés, Stéphane Gallon les met à bas en montrant que Michel Butor, dans son deuxième roman, L’Emploi du temps, s’interroge sur la crise morale de l’après-guerre et en arrive à la conclusion que notre relation au temps en est une des causes fondamentales. S’appuyant alors sur les pensées de Kierkegaard, Bergson et Heidegger, il invite à substituer au temps linéaire de la tradition un temps moins anxiogène, un temps correspondant mieux à ce que nous percevons du réel, un temps riche de promesses et d’avenir.Cet essai est aussi l’occasion de tester de nouveaux outils d’analyse, les faiscsèmes, les existentiaux et les schèmes matriciels, outils qui tendent à montrer que le style, loin d’être, selon le mot de Hugo, « émail sur la dent », est au contraire un moyen de dépasser les limites du langage, un moyen de mieux appréhender le réel et donc, n’en déplaise à ceux qui ne voient plus dans la littérature que verbiage et nombrilisme, une voie privilégiée pour « changer la vie ».
International Student Mobility, Government Policies, and Neoliberal Globalization
Authors: Zheng Jie
Published: May 2018

Given the increasing magnitude of international student flows from “developing countries” to the “developed” or major member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), this chapter explores Chinese graduate student flows to Canada. Chinese graduate student perspectives are also drawn upon to study the phenomenon of Chinese student migrations to Canada in pursuit of higher education. Given the focus on exploration, meanings and understandings, an interpretivist approach and qualitative case study strategy were utilized to examine government policies and positions that stimulate international student mobility (ISM) from China to Canada and to understand the experiences of Chinese graduate students who study at the University of Alberta. Unlike the ISM mainly sponsored by the Chinese government before, contemporary outbound student mobility is impacted by neoliberalism and a freer mobility shapes Chinese students' pursuit of overseas studies. Chinese traditional culture and values also influence Chinese student mobility across borders for pursuing higher education. In the meantime, patriotism makes many Chinese students concern about serving their home country. The chapter also presents reflections on government policies pertaining to ISM and highlights the emergent themes from the data obtained from the qualitative case study of Chinese graduate student flows to Canada.
Comparing Academic Concerns of International and Domestic Students
Authors: Perry Cody J. , Lausch David W. , Weatherford Jennifer
Published: May 2018

A survey was given to 115 students at a Western U.S. land grant university to further explore academic issues for both international and domestic students. Students' most important concerns were class discussions, collaboration with other students, and understanding the requirements of one's degree. International students had more difficulty knowing on whom to rely in the academic system when compared to domestic students. Furthermore, domestic students found textbooks harder to understand than international students. Both groups of students may benefit from a better understanding of specific academic issues that students face and this study sought to clarify academic issues among both groups of students.
Interest and Intent in Pursuing Higher Education
Authors: Welsch Michelle
Published: May 2018

This chapter study investigated the views and plans of 519 Nepali students considering higher education overseas. Students ages 16 to 32 from government and private learning institutions throughout Kaski District, Nepal completed a questionnaire on interest in higher education and perceptions of study abroad programs. Participants recorded potential countries of interest, reasons for continued study, and anticipated means of financial support. Students were hypothesized to be influenced by peers, motivated by financial gain, and reliant upon financial aid sources such as scholarships and grants. Results indicated statistical differences between students from rural and city areas and those enrolled in government and boarding institutions; subject of choice, sources used for information, motivation, and anticipated means of financial support varied among groups. Education level and peer influence were also statistically significant, affecting students' country of choice and motivation to pursue degrees abroad. Implications for additional research and suggestions for educators are discussed.
Promoting U.S. Community Colleges in Sweden
Authors: Sansotta Ashley Marie
Published: May 2018

In this study, the author used a qualitative case study research method to explore Swedish educational agents' perspectives of the community college system in the United States, their experiences in marketing community colleges in Sweden, and the factors that may lead to or prohibit the success in recruiting Swedish students for U.S. community colleges. The findings revealed that agents are aware of the key benefits of attending a U.S. community college: affordability, simple admissions process, and university transfer options. Disadvantages were also noted, which included the absence of experiencing a typical American college experience and lack of on-campus housing. The marketing tactics that the agencies used ranged in size and scope. The results of this study can be used to develop successful international student recruitment and marketing strategies in Sweden.
Robust Optimization Algorithms for Solving Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Constrained Power System
Authors: Guha Dipayan , Roy Provas Kumar , Banerjee Subrata
Published: May 2018

This chapter presents four effective evolutionary methods, namely grey wolf optimization (GWO), symbiotic organism search (SOS), JAYA, and teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO), for solving automatic generation control (AGC) problem in power system. To show the effectiveness, two widely used interconnected power plants are examined. To extract maximum possible generation, distinct PID-controllers are designed employing ITAE-based fitness function. Further, to enhance the dynamic stability of concerned power systems, 2DOF-PID controllers are proposed in LFC area and optimally designed using aforesaid algorithms. To demonstrate the supremacy, obtained results are compared with some existing control algorithms. Moreover, robustness of the designed controller is believed under the action of random load perturbation (RLP). Finally, sensitivity analysis is carried out to show the stability of the designed system under loading and parametric disturbance conditions.
A Novel Binary Whale Optimization Algorithm-Based Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units
Authors: Prakash Tapan , Singh Vinay Pratap , Mohanty Soumya Ranjan
Published: May 2018

Wide-area measurement system (WAMS) is an important part of present power system structure as it provides real-time synchronized measurements of the system with the aid of phasor measurement units (PMUs). Due to economic considerations, PMUs should be installed at optimal locations. The optimal placement of PMUs (OPP) is a problem of optimally placing PMUs at strategic locations maintaining the full observability of the system. In this chapter, a novel binary whale optimization algorithm (BWOA) is applied to solve OPP problem. The maximization of measurement redundancy is considered in the objective function. The proposed algorithm is examined on five different test systems operating under normal operating conditions with or without inclusion of zero-injection buses (ZIBs) and compared with the reports available in literature. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in solving OPPP.
Solar PV Powered Standalone Water Pumping Systems
Authors: Jain Sachin , Karampuri Ramsha , Chinthamalla Ramulu
Published: May 2018

The standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) powered water pumping system could have either two power conditioning units (PCUs) or a single PCU. The system with single PCU is advantageous over the prior because of low device count, smaller in size, low cost, low losses, and higher efficiency. This chapter includes four such single-stage PV water pumping systems. All the four systems are operated using the integrated control technique which assimilates maximum power point tracking (MPPT), pulse width modulation (PWM) technique, and motor control. But the PV systems differ in the inverter configuration used as well as the employed induction motor (conventional star connected and open-end winding induction motor [OEWIM]). The detailed description of mathematical modeling, design and analysis of all the four PV pumping systems along with the simulation results are presented in this chapter.
Typical Design of Synchronous Controller to Minimize Response Time and Power
Authors: Hassine Siwar Ben Haj , Ouni Bouraoui
Published: May 2018

As power dissipation and time constraint have become vital challenges during the creation of a digital circuit, researchers' and designers' efforts have increased to figure out new ways of preserving power through the study of its sources and its impacts as well as through the decrease of response time to obtain faster treatments. However, it is widely acknowledged that these two parameters are antagonistic in synchronous systems. In fact, current technologies have managed to further decrease the response time to have a faster circuit at the cost of a considerable simultaneous augmentation in its power or vice versa, which leaves no option for designers but to choose from these two important parameters. Hence, the main objective of this chapter is to propose a design method that simultaneously builds a low power design and provides a faster circuit. For the achievement of that purpose, a controller based on a finite state machine (FSM) has been chosen as an example of synchronous system to prove that the new proposed design can optimize both parameters: time and power.
Application of Power Electronics in Power Systems
Authors: Hasan Mashhood
Published: May 2018

This chapter introduces the custom power device to solve the various kinds of power quality (PQ) problems. It is generally known as flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) and D-FACTS (FACTs used for low voltage and low current rating in AC distribution system). The D-FACTS are various types like dynamic voltage restore (DVR), static compensator in distribution system (D-STATCOM), and unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). The third one is combination of DVR and D-STATCOM, which is known as UPQC. The UPQC can compensate all the PQ problems. Comprehensive knowledge of UPQC is presented here to understand the trade value of this device. This chapter is organized as follows: The evaluation of power electronic based devices is presented in the background part of this chapter where custom power devices (CPDs) are also discussed. And operating principle with the Matlab model of UPQC and results are presented in the section titled “Working Principle of Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC).” The scope of the one of the functional power electronic based devices are presented in section titled “Scope of UPQC.” At the end, this chapter is concluded.
Performance of the Multicarrier Sinusoidal PWM-Based Multilevel Inverter With Reduced Power Loss and Fault Diagnosis Using Wavelets Transformation
Authors: Garapati Durga Prasad , V. Jegathesan , Veerasamy Moorthy
Published: May 2018

The performances of multilevel inverters (MLIs) are of high competence when compared to the conventional two-level inverters due to reduced harmonic distortions, lower electromagnetic interference, and higher dc link voltages. However, the increased number of components, complex PWM control, and voltage-balancing problem, component failure in the circuit are some of the disadvantages. The topology preferred in this chapter provides a dc voltage in the shape of a staircase which approximates the rectified shape of a commanded sinusoidal wave to the bridge inverter, which in turn alternates the polarity to produce an AC voltage with lesser total harmonic distortion. This topology requires fewer components and hence it leads to a reduction of overall cost and complexity particularly for higher output voltage levels. The component fault diagnostic procedure is developed using wavelets transform tool. Finally, the experimental prototype is developed and validated with the simulation results for different loading conditions.
Design and Analysis of a Cost-Effective Standalone Solar
Authors: Iqbal Fahad , Rana Ankur Singh , Wani Shufali Ashraf
Published: May 2018

The foremost issues of the twenty-first century are the ever-increasing challenging demand of electrical energy and controlling the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). Along with these issues and with limited energy resources, it is imperative to look for non-conventional methods of power generation like from renewable energy resources. Microgrid has emerged as a new field that can meet the energy demand with a special emphasis on good power quality, reliability, and security. A major concern with the use of renewable energy resources is their intermittent nature which makes their integration and operation a challengeable task. Energy storage devices like batteries can be used to overcome the problem of intermittent nature of renewable energy resources. This chapter focusses on different aspects of renewable energy resources in detail. It analyzes the effectiveness of the proposed topology of the microgrid for health clinic load profile with the help of PVSYST software.
Customer Shareholding as a Radical Approach to a Sustainable and Profitable Relationship
Authors: Elouadi Sara , Elotmani Rachid
Published: May 2018

Customer ownership is a new practice that seeks integration and customer loyalty. In this chapter, the authors try to analyze this hybrid status to deepen ties between the customer and the company. To this end, they developed, initially, a comparative study between the customer and shareholder mutualism to identify the similarities and differences between the two models. Secondly, they tried to analyze the role of the client in creating value by using the stakeholder theory. Finally, they dealt with the possibilities and limitations of the client as shareholder loyalty means.
The Case of the Missing Customer!
Authors: Sharma Pooja
Published: May 2018

India's financial inclusion journey started more than a decade ago. While several technological and access-related challenges have been overcome against the backdrop of a favorable policy-making and governmental climate, the adoption issues still remain largely unaddressed. This chapter discusses these issues and provides an alternate approach to customer adoption at the bottom of the pyramid while using time-tested consumer behavior frameworks. It puts the onus on implementing agencies such as banks to adopt this customer segment in an unbiased manner to bring in the benefits of financial inclusion for all stakeholders including the unbanked customer.
Financial Inclusion Through Microenterprises of Rural SHGs
Authors: Vyas Rahul , Nalwaya Nidhi
Published: May 2018

The elementary aim of microenterprises and Self Help Groups (SHGs) is to empower the impoverished populace, particularly of the rural areas, and furthermore provide financial sustainability so as to improve livelihoods. The pervasive twin threats of unemployment and exclusion from the financial framework in the rural areas are the major challenges to the economic and social development of India. A self-help group is a potent means to remove poverty in the same vein microenterprises contribute significantly to economic development and social stability by affording employment opportunities, thereby emerging as a vehicle through which low-income people can escape poverty. SHGs and microenterprises are a significant means for socio-economic transformation through financial inclusion. The objective of the chapter is to study and analyze the impact of microenterprises and SHGs on the financial inclusion of people in rural areas of Tribal South Rajasthan.