bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KDM1A/LSD1 inhibition enhances chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer
Authors: Chen Yihong , Johnson Jessica D. , Jayamohan Sridharan , He Yi , Venkata Prabhakar P. , Jamwal Diksha , Alejo Salvador , Zou Yi , Lai Zhao , Viswanadhapalli Suryavathi , Vadlamudi Ratna K. , Kost Edward , Sareddy Gangadhara R.
Published: July 2024

Ovarian cancer (OCa) is the deadliest of all gynecological cancers. The standard treatment for OCa is platinum‐based chemotherapy, such as carboplatin or cisplatin in combination with paclitaxel. Most patients are initially responsive to these treatments; however, nearly 90% will develop recurrence and inevitably succumb to chemotherapy‐resistant disease. Recent studies have revealed that the epigenetic modifier lysine‐specific histone demethylase 1A (KDM1A/LSD1) is highly overexpressed in OCa. However, the role of KDM1A in chemoresistance and whether its inhibition enhances chemotherapy response in OCa remains uncertain. Analysis of TCGA datasets revealed that KDM1A expression is high in patients who poorly respond to chemotherapy. Western blot analysis show that treatment with chemotherapy drugs cisplatin, carboplatin, and paclitaxel increased KDM1A expression in OCa cells. KDM1A knockdown (KD) or treatment with KDM1A inhibitors NCD38 and SP2509 sensitized established and patient‐derived OCa cells to chemotherapy drugs in reducing cell viability and clonogenic survival and inducing apoptosis. Moreover, knockdown of KDM1A sensitized carboplatin‐resistant A2780‐CP70 cells to carboplatin treatment and paclitaxel‐resistant SKOV3‐TR cells to paclitaxel. RNA‐seq analysis revealed that a combination of KDM1A‐KD and cisplatin treatment resulted in the downregulation of genes related to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Interestingly, cisplatin treatment increased a subset of NF‐κB pathway genes, and KDM1A‐KD or KDM1A inhibition reversed this effect. Importantly, KDM1A‐KD, in combination with cisplatin, significantly reduced tumor growth compared to a single treatment in an orthotopic intrabursal OCa xenograft model. Collectively, these findings suggest that combination of KDM1A inhibitors with chemotherapy could be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of OCa.
Sexual health and fertility in Duchenne muscular dystrophy—An exploratory study
Authors: Hoskin Janet , Cheetham Timothy D , Mitchell Rod T , Wong Sze Choong , Wood Claire L
Published: July 2024

Introduction/Aims

Recent clinical guidelines recommend that adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) who are on daily glucocorticoid treatment should be offered pubertal induction in order to ensure adult levels of sex hormones as they reach adulthood. However, it remains unclear how gonadal status, including androgen concentrations, impacts physical function and future fertility. The aim of this study was to give a voice to adults with DMD, exploring their perspectives around sexual health, hormone treatment, and fertility.

Methods

Qualitative data was collected from six adults with DMD through two online focus groups. Participants were recruited through Pathfinders Neuromuscular Alliance and Duchenne UK and invited to take part if they had DMD and were 18 years of age or older. Conversations were transcribed verbatim and an interpretivist paradigm was used with thematic analysis.

Results

The main themes identified were (1) the need for communication and information about sexual health, (2) dealing with the potential fear of rejection, (3) physical barriers to relationships including sex, (4) testosterone supplementation in DMD, and (5) parenthood and fertility.

Discussion

We recommend that clinicians work with young people with DMD individually, to explore the benefits of testosterone treatment for them and their personal sexual health needs. If they are offered treatment, this should always be accompanied by the opportunity for psychological support. This work highlights the need for further research to establish the role of testosterone supplementation in adults with DMD and its effects on fertility and the value of specific emotional and practical support for sexual health.
Domain‐Adaptive Power Profiling Analysis Strategy for the Metaverse
Authors: Li Xiang , Yang Ning , Liu Weifeng , Chen Aidong , Zhang Yanlong , Wang Shuo , Zhou Jing
Published: July 2024

In the surge of the digital era, the metaverse, as a groundbreaking concept, has become a focal point in the technology sector. It is reshaping human work and life patterns, carving out a new realm of virtual and real interaction. However, the rapid development of the metaverse brings along novel challenges in security and privacy. In this multifaceted and complex technological environment, data protection is of paramount importance. The innovative capabilities of high‐end devices and functions in the metaverse, owing to advanced integrated circuit technology, face unique threats from side‐channel analysis (SCA), potentially leading to breaches in user privacy. Addressing the issue of domain differences caused by different hardware devices, which impact the generalizability of the analysis model and the accuracy of analysis, this paper proposes a strategy of portability power profiling analysis (PPPA). Combining domain adaptation and deep learning techniques, it models and calibrates the domain differences between the profiling and target devices, enhancing the model's adaptability in different device environments. Experiments show that our method can recover the correct key with as few as 389 power traces, effectively recovering keys across different devices. This paper underscores the effectiveness of cross‐device SCA, focusing on the adaptability and robustness of analysis models in different hardware environments, thereby enhancing the security of user data privacy in the metaverse environment.
Health status and ergonomics education: A comparison between student nurses and first‐year nursing staff
Authors: Hochhauser Michal , Liberman Elena
Published: July 2024

Aims

To (a) compare student nurses' health status and levels of ergonomics knowledge and awareness to those of first‐year nursing staff and (b) investigate the association between nurses' ergonomic compliance and health status with their educational preparedness.

Design

This cohort study compared ergonomics awareness and knowledge, and health status of nurses when they were students and after their first‐year working in medical facilities.

Methods

In total, 133 4th‐year student nurses completed a survey; 45 of them completed a second survey after working 1 year in a medical facility. Their health status was compared over time using repeated‐measures ANOVA. Correlation tests were used to analyse associations between ergonomics knowledge and awareness, health status, demographic variables and educational preparedness.

Results

Respondents in both surveys displayed weak knowledge of ergonomic principles significantly associated with increased pain intensity and educational preparedness.

Patient contribution

Ergonomics training should be expanded during nursing studies and first‐year training to prevent long‐term health disorders.
Risk Analysis Index Frailty Score as a Predictor of Otolaryngology Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Evans Lauran K. , Moffatt Clare , Niknejad Keon , Yang Hong‐Ho , Kodaverdian Laura , Soliman Shady , Reyes Orozco Francis , Chhetri Dinesh K.
Published: July 2024

Objective

The Risk Analysis Index (RAI) score is a screening tool to assess patient frailty. It has been shown to be predictive of postoperative outcomes and mortality in orthopedic, urologic, and neurosurgical patient populations. We sought to evaluate the predictive ability of RAI score for surgical outcomes in an otolaryngology patient population.

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Academic tertiary medical center.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted of adult patients undergoing otolaryngology surgery at a tertiary medical care center over 21 months. Patients were sent electronic RAI survey questionnaires via direct messaging, which was completed prior to surgery. Endpoint data were analyzed, including demographics, RAI score, and patient outcome data. Univariate analysis, ROC curves, and predictive modeling were utilized.

Results

A total of 517 patients responded to the RAI questionnaire, resulting in a 59.6% response rate. Mean RAI score was 21.38 ± 11.83. Higher RAI scores were associated with increased 30‐day readmissions (P < .0015), postoperative complications (P < .001), hospital length of stay (P < .001), and discharge with home health (P < .001). Predictive models for RAI score and postoperative outcomes were created, and a cutoff score of RAI = 30 was established to identify frail patients.

Conclusion

We evaluated if RAI scoring predicted postoperative complications in an otolaryngology patient population. Increased RAI score is significantly associated with poorer surgical outcomes, including increased hospital length of stay, 30‐day readmissions, and postoperative complications. We propose a predictive model with suggested RAI cutoff scoring for use in the otolaryngology surgical population.
Review of Biphoton Sources Based on the Double‐Λ$\Lambda$ Spontaneous Four‐Wave Mixing Process
Authors: Chen Jia‐Mou , Peters Thorsten , Hsieh Pei‐Hsuan , Yu Ite A.
Published: July 2024

This review article focuses on biphoton sources based on the double‐ spontaneous four‐wave mixing (SFWM) process in laser‐cooled as well as room‐temperature or hot atomic ensembles. These biphoton sources have the advantage of providing stable frequencies, ultranarrow linewidths, and a tunability of the temporal biphoton width of more than one order of magnitude for high‐bandwidth applications. Therefore, the generated photons can be efficiently interfaced to, e.g., atomic quantum memories. In contrast, solid‐state biphoton sources typically require assistance by an optical cavity to operate at narrow linewidth that limits the tunability of the temporal width of the biphotons. Present state‐of‐the‐art double‐ SFWM biphoton sources can achieve one of the following results: a spectral linewidth of 50 kHz (290 kHz) or a temporal width of 13  (580 ns) with cold (hot) atoms, a detection rate of about 7 cps, and a generation rate of cps at a duty cycle of 0.4% or of cps in the steady state. The theoretical background of these biphoton sources, experimental implementations with cold and hot atoms, and progress over the years, will be illustrated.
Emphasizing the Value of Geodesy to Science and Society Through IAG-GGOS
Authors: Sehnal Martin , Sánchez Laura , Angermann Detlef , Craddock Allison , Miyahara Basara , Steiner Lena
Published: July 2024

Without geodesy – the science that determines the shape of the Earth, its gravity field, and its rotation as functions of space and time – accurate positioning would not be possible. Geodetic observation techniques, analysis infrastructure, and products provided by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) are fundamental to Earth system research and are the backbone for location-based applications. IAG’s Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) is a collaborative effort of the global geodesy community aimed at providing consistent and openly accessible geodetic Earth observations. In addition, GGOS supports activities and projects that promote the importance of geodesy to science and society. This paper summarizes recent GGOS initiatives and achievements in strengthening the awareness of the value of geodesy.
Demands, Constraints, and Choices of Nordic Municipal CEOs: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Hansen Morten Balle , Solli Rolf
Published: July 2024

This chapter outlines the basic theoretical approaches of the book, which will be used to frame the analyses in the forthcoming chapters. Our approach is rooted in theories of organizations, leadership, and public administration. Municipalities are variously seen as local political institutions, organizations, part of the welfare state, and local communities responsible for delivering services within a territory, with varying regional dynamics. Municipal CEOs (MCEOs) are seen as both public servants and leaders operating within a governance system influenced by several, often competing institutional logics, causing tensions, paradoxes, and occasional dilemmas for the leadership of MCEOs (MCEOs operate in the area between politics and administration). From this perspective, seven related contextual conditions of importance to the work of MCEOs are outlined in the introduction, and their implications are discussed in the remainder of the chapter. The seven contextual conditions and their relation to the MCEO position are integrated into an adapted version of the demands–constraints–choices model. This model is heuristic in nature and facilitates the study of the dynamics and stability that apply to Nordic MCEOs in relation to our research questions.
Parameter Design in High-Speed High-Precision Motion Control
Authors: Yao Fulai , Yao Yaming
Published: July 2024

The first major task of automation is to replace labor to achieve faster and more precise production. In systems such as CNC machine tools, machining centers, CNC engraving, printing, die-cutting, papermaking, steel rolling, and high-speed rail, it is necessary to control the speed of multiple motors.
Spherical adjunctions of stable $$\infty $$-categories and the relative S-construction
Authors: Dyckerhoff Tobias , Kapranov Mikhail , Schechtman Vadim , Soibelman Yan
Published: July 2024

We develop the theory of semi-orthogonal decompositions and spherical functors in the framework of stable $${\infty }$$
∞
-categories. We study the relative Waldhausen S-construction $$S_\bullet (F)$$

S
∙

(
F
)

of the spherical functor F and show that it has a natural paracyclic structure (“rotation symmetry”). This fulfills a part of the general program of perverse schobers which are conjectural categorical upgrades of perverse sheaves. If we view a spherical functor as defining a schober on a disk, then each component $$S_n(F)$$

S
n

(
F
)

of the S-construction gives a categorification of the cohomology of a perverse sheaf on a disk with support in a union of $$(n+1)$$

(
n
+
1
)

closed arcs in the boundary. In other words, $$S_n(F)$$

S
n

(
F
)

can be interpreted as the Fukaya category of the disk with coefficients in the schober and with support (“stops”) at the boundary arcs. The importance of the paracyclic structure is that it allows us to naturally associate the above data to disks on oriented surfaces. The action of the paracyclic rotation is a categorical analog of the monodromy of a perverse sheaf.
Zero-echo time MRI: an alternative method for the diagnosis of urinary stones in children
Authors: Ozcan H. Nursun , Ozer Gozde , Dogan Hasan Serkan , Karakaya Jale , Oguz Berna , Tekgul Serdar , Haliloglu Mithat
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the potential of zero-echo time-magnetic resonance imaging (ZTE-MRI) in the assessment of urolithiasis and compare ZTE-MRI with computed tomography (CT) in pediatric patients.

Materials and methods

This was a single-center, prospective cross-sectional study conducted between April 2023 and December 2023. 23 patients (12 girls, 11 boys; mean age: 12.3, range 1–18) with urinary tract stones detected on non-enhanced abdominal CT were enrolled. The images were evaluated independently by two radiologists for the presence, and number of stones in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. In the second session, two radiologists evaluated whether urinary tract stones could be detected by MRI compared to CT, and the maximum diameter of the stones was measured. The CT and MRI results were compared with the Wilcoxon test. The agreement between the results of the observers was examined using Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results

A total of 58 urinary tract stones were detected by CT and 39 of these were detected by MRI. Most of the stones that MRI could not detect were < 5 mm and the detection sensitivity of MRI increased in correlation with stone size (p < 0.001). There was poor intermodality agreement for stones < 5 mm, substantial agreement for stones 5–10 mm, and almost perfect agreement for stones > 10 mm. Interobserver agreement for stone detection on MRI was almost perfect for stones > 10 mm and 5–10 mm and was substantial for stones < 5 mm.

Conclusion

ZTE-MRI is a promising modality for detecting urinary stones without radiation exposure in children.

Clinical relevance statement

Zero-echo time-magnetic resonance imaging is a potential method for identifying urinary stones in children and other populations who are particularly sensitive to radiation.

Key Points

Urinary system stone disease in children is increasing and imaging is needed for managing urolithiasis.

Zero-echo time-magnetic resonance imaging (ZTE-MRI) had an accuracy of 81.8% and 93.7% for stones larger than 5 mm and 10 mm, respectively.

ZTE-MRI is a potential non-irradiating method for the diagnosis and management of urolithiasis.
Cochlear implantation in patients with inner ear schwannomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis of audiological outcomes
Authors: Iannacone Francesco P. , Rahne Torsten , Zanoletti Elisabetta , Plontke Stefan K.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

In patients with inner ear schwannomas (IES), reports on hearing rehabilitation with cochlear implants (CI) have increased over the past decade, most of which are case reports or small case series. The aim of this study is to systematically review the reported hearing results with CI in patients with IES considering the different audiologic outcome measures used in different countries.

Methods

According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, a search of published literature was conducted. We included patients with IES (primary or with secondary extension from the internal auditory canal (IAC) to the inner ear, sporadic or NF2 related) undergoing cochlear implantation with or without tumour removal. The audiological results were divided into the categories “monosyllables”, “disyllables”, “multisyllabic words or numbers”, and “sentences”.

Results

Predefined audiological outcome measures were available from 110 patients and 111 ears in 27 reports. The mean recognition scores for monosyllabic words with CI were 55% (SD: 24), for bisyllabic words 61% (SD: 36), for multisyllabic words and numbers 87% (SD: 25), and 71% (SD: 30) for sentences. Results from for multisyllabic words and numbers in general showed a tendency towards a ceiling effect. Possible risk factors for performance below average were higher complexity tumours (inner ear plus IAC/CPA), NF2, CI without tumour removal (“CI through tumour”), and sequential cochlear implantation after tumour removal (staged surgery).

Conclusion

Hearing loss in patients with inner ear schwannomas can be successfully rehabilitated with CI with above average speech performance in most cases. Cochlear implantation thus represents a valuable option for hearing rehabilitation also in patients with IES while at the same time maintaining the possibility of MRI follow-up. Further studies should investigate possible risk factors for poor performance. Audiological tests and outcome parameters should be reported in detail and ideally be harmonized to allow better comparison between languages.
The life cycle of international cooperation: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Gray Julia
Published: July 2024

International organizations’ lives often extend far beyond the moment of their initial contracting. How IOs do adapt to shifting circumstances in their member states global geopolitical changes, and even internal dynamics within the IO itself? This special issue on the life cycle of international cooperation explores the ebbs and flows of the IOs that underpin the international system. Firm theory, organizational sociology, and agency theory all have incorporated life cycles perspectives into the study of organizations, but IR has yet to fully harness these frameworks. A life cycles approach centers on, first, incorporating the IO itself as the core unit of analysis and, second, the dynamic processes within IOs — including life stages such as false starts, consolidation, inertia, growth, revitalization, death, and succession. Incorporating these dynamic processes into our understanding of IOs reminds us that historically, IOs have always experienced periods of both flourishing and faltering. Grasping the mechanisms that drive these changes is indispensable for a thorough understanding of the international system’s vitality and resilience. Articles in this issue explore the durability of IOs in the face of crises; the measures that IOs deploy to legitimize their existence; the role of individual leaders’ rhetoric in IO vitality; the tradeoffs that member states face between pulling the plug on an IO versus creating a new institution; the effect of member-state IO withdrawal on the international system overall; and the mass public’s perceptions of such withdrawals.
Higher temperatures are associated with increased asthma-related emergency department visits among children: a time series analysis of environmental exposures in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Tse Sze Man , Sambahke Sadio , Sajedi Masoumeh , Gravel Jocelyn , Osmanlliu Esli
Published: July 2024

Asthma exacerbations are a leading cause of emergency department (ED) visits in children. Outdoor exposures such as air pollutants and meteorological factors have been associated with risk of asthma exacerbations. We evaluated the association between ambient temperature, relative humidity, and air quality on pediatric asthma-related ED visits in Montréal, Canada. In this retrospective study, we included children ≤ 17 years presenting with asthma to two pediatric EDs between January 1, 2017 and December 31st, 2020. Temperature and relative humidity data were obtained daily for Montréal through Weather Source™ and the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) through Environment Canada. We evaluated the association between environmental exposures and the incidence of asthma-related ED visits using a quasi-Poisson regression analysis, adjusting for seasonality. We examined 21 201 asthma-related ED visits. Increased temperature was associated with an increased number of asthma-related ED visits. Compared to the reference decile (2.8 to 7.5⁰C), the strongest association with incident ED visits was for a temperature of 15.8 to 19.3⁰C, associated with a 37% increase in the number of asthma-related ED visits (IRR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.22, 1.54). Current day relative humidity, AQHI, and changes of the exposure levels over the previous 1 to 7 days did not have an effect on asthma-related ED visits. Adjusting for seasonality, higher temperatures were associated with an increased number of asthma-related ED visits among children while humidity and air quality were not. At a population level, this can inform hospitals of upcoming trends in ED visits.
Modulation of gene expression in immune-related organs by in ovo stimulation with probiotics and prophybiotics in broiler chickens
Authors: Wishna-Kadawarage Ramesha N. , Połtowicz Katarzyna , Hickey Rita M. , Siwek Maria
Published: July 2024

In ovo stimulation has been studied intensively as an alternative to antibiotic use in poultry production. We investigated the potential use of a probiotic in combination with a phytobiotic as a prophybiotic for in ovo stimulation and reported its beneficial effects on the gut microbiome of broiler chickens. The current study further investigates the gene expression in the immune-related organs of these chickens to understand the tissue-specific immunomodulatory effects of the treatments. The selected prophybiotic (Leuconostoc mesenteroides with garlic aqueous extract) and its probiotic component alone were injected into ROSS308 chicken eggs on the 12th day of incubation, and gene expression in cecal tonsils, spleen, and liver at 35 days of age was determined using qPCR method. The relative expression of each treatment was compared to the positive control, chickens injected with physiological saline in ovo. The results displayed a downregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the cecal tonsils of the probiotic group and the liver of the prophybiotic group. The spleen displayed upregulated AVBD1 in both groups and upregulated IL1-β in the probiotic group. The probiotic group displayed increased expression of genes related to metabolism of energy (COX16), protein (mTOR), and lipids (CYP46A1) whereas the prophybiotic group displayed reduced expression of genes related to cholesterol synthesis (SREBP1) and glucose transportation (SLC2A2) in the liver. In conclusion, Leuconostoc mesenteroides differentially modulated gene expression in chickens when administered in ovo in combination with garlic aqueous extract. Further in ovo studies with different prophybiotic combinations are required to optimize the benefits in broiler chickens.
Ultrasound detection of non-atherosclerotic intima-medial abnormalities of lower limbs arteries in amateur endurance runners
Authors: Benacka O. , Jiravsky O. , Labudova M. , Benacka J. , Goncalvesova E.
Published: July 2024

Background

Structural changes in the lower limb’s arterial wall in amateur endurance runners are a rare incidental finding, represented just by several case reports.

Aim

Study the incidence of non-atherosclerotic lower limb artery wall changes in defined group of amateur endurance runners and identify relationship with the training parameters and the relevant biochemical markers.

Methods

Amateur male athletes engaged in endurance running for more than 5 years were enrolled. Tibial and anterior popliteal arteries on each side were examined by ultrasound with focus on non-atherosclerotic structural wall changes: intima-medial border blurring, presence and character of non-atherosclerotic noduli. Subsequently the descriptive and correlation analysis were performed.

Results

The study enrolled 20 amateur male endurance runners from Black Swan Triathlon Club Slovakia. The low atherosclerotic risk was represented by normal lipid levels, BMI under 30 kg/m2 and non-smokers in all participants. At least one type of structural artery wall abnormality (noduli or intima-medial border blurring) was present in 19 of 20 participants (95%). The most present was the intima-medial blurring. (80% of participants). The noduli were present in 65% of study group, in almost 40% of these, they were considered as hyperechogenic. All these affections were predominantly in popliteal artery area (65%). The vast majority has bilateral affection. We find a mild correlation between these ultrasound findings and training load represented by annual kilometers and run hours. There was no association between these changes and lipid spectrum or CRP level.

Conclusion

The subclinical lower limb artery changes, represented by intima-medial border blurring and non-atherosclerotic noduli were present in almost every amateur endurance runner. Despite the underlying mechanism is not understood, the increased training load seems to be one of the responsible factors.
Forest Carbon Storage in the Western United States: Distribution, Drivers, and Trends
Authors: Hall Jazlynn , Sandor Manette E. , Harvey Brian J. , Parks Sean A. , Trugman Anna T. , Williams A. Park , Hansen Winslow D.
Published: July 2024

Forests are a large carbon sink and could serve as natural climate solutions that help moderate future warming. Thus, establishing forest carbon baselines is essential for tracking climate‐mitigation targets. Western US forests are natural climate solution hotspots but are profoundly threatened by drought and altered disturbance regimes. How these factors shape spatial patterns of carbon storage and carbon change over time is poorly resolved. Here, we estimate live and dead forest carbon density in 19 forested western US ecoregions with national inventory data (2005–2019) to determine: (a) current carbon distributions, (b) underpinning drivers, and (c) recent trends. Potential drivers of current carbon included harvest, wildfire, insect and disease, topography, and climate. Using random forests, we evaluated driver importance and relationships with current live and dead carbon within ecoregions. We assessed trends using linear models. Pacific Northwest (PNW) and Southwest (SW) ecoregions were most and least carbon dense, respectively. Climate was an important carbon driver in the SW and Lower Rockies. Fire reduced live and increased dead carbon, and was most important in the Upper Rockies and California. No ecoregion was unaffected by fire. Harvest and private ownership reduced carbon, particularly in the PNW. Since 2005, live carbon declined across much of the western US, likely from drought and fire. Carbon has increased in PNW ecoregions, likely recovering from past harvest, but recent record fire years may alter trajectories. Our results provide insight into western US forest carbon function and future vulnerabilities, which is vital for effective climate change mitigation strategies.
Forearc Variability and the Geochemical Diversity of Suprasubduction Zone Ophiolites: Insights From the Leka Ophiolite Complex, Norway
Authors: Becker Naomi A. , Nelson Wendy R. , Browning‐Hanson Joseph F. , George Freya R. , Crowley James L. , Viete Daniel R.
Published: July 2024

New whole‐rock major and trace element geochemistry from the Leka Ophiolite Complex in Norway is presented and compared to the geochemical evolution and proposed tectonomagmatic processes recorded in the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana system. These data demonstrate that the Leka Ophiolite Complex formed as forearc lithosphere during subduction initiation. A new high‐precision zircon U‐Pb date on forearc basalt constrains the timing of subduction initiation in the “Leka sector” of the Iapetus Ocean to 491.36 ± 0.17 Ma. The tectonomagmatic record of the Leka Ophiolite Complex captures only the earliest stages of subduction initiation and is thereby distinct from some other Appalachian–Caledonian ophiolites of similar age. The diversity of Appalachian–Caledonian ophiolite records may represent differing preservation and exposure of a variable forearc lithosphere.
Simulating Moisture Transport Over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer of 2015 Across Scales With a Global Variable‐Resolution Model (MPAS‐A)
Authors: Li Gudongze , Zhao Chun , Xu Mingyue , Feng Jiawang , Zhong Lei , Li Rui , Fu Yunfei
Published: July 2024

Accurately simulating moisture transport in summer over the TP is uncertain for current numerical models with one important factor being horizontal resolution. In this study, in order to investigate the moisture transport across scales, three experiments are conducted for summer of 2015 using a global variable‐resolution model (MPAS‐A), including one with globally quasi‐uniform resolution of 60 km (U60km) and two with regional refinements over the TP at resolutions of 16 km (V16km) and 4 km (V4km). The wet bias of summer rainfall within the TP increase from U60km to V16km but is significantly improved in V4km. One important source of rainfall bias is the moisture transport across scales. The differences in moisture transport among three simulations are significantly influenced by the changes in wind fields through the Himalayas and eastern TP in two layers, 700–600 and 600–400 hPa, which is largely modulated by their difference in large‐scale circulations particularly monsoon depression. At convection‐parameterized scale (from 60 to 16 km), the scale‐aware Grell‐Freitas convection scheme produces more rainfall and latent heat due to its large sensitivity to the integrating timestep. This sensitivity along with further resolved dynamical processes, collectively strengthen the monsoon depression to the south of TP and make it shift northward in conjunction with the mid‐latitude westerlies. With resolution increasing to convection‐permitting scale (from 16 to 4 km), the resolved moist convection releases significantly less latent heat and then reproduces a weaker monsoon depression. This causes a discrepancy that exceeds the resolution‐related difference at convection‐parameterized scale.
Processes that Contribute to Future South Asian Monsoon Differences in E3SMv2 and CESM2
Authors: Meehl Gerald A. , Shields Christine A. , Arblaster Julie M. , Fasullo John , Rosenbloom Nan , Hu Aixue , Neale Richard , Capotondi Antonietta , Golaz Jean‐Christophe , Van Roekel Luke , Annamalai H.
Published: July 2024

Two Earth system models are analyzed to gain insight into the processes that govern projected changes in the South Asian monsoon. Warmer present‐day base state tropical SSTs contribute to coupled processes that produce greater future tropical Pacific warming in CESM2 with less of an increase in season‐mean monsoon precipitation compared to E3SMv2. This is attributed to changes in the large‐scale east‐west atmospheric Walker circulation, with relatively larger increases in precipitation and upper‐level divergence over the tropical Pacific and increases in upper‐level convergence over South Asia in CESM2. The stronger El Niño‐like response in CESM2, which increases Pacific precipitation and upper‐level divergence farther to the east, and larger future ENSO amplitude in E3SMv2, produce a greater relative increase in future monsoon‐ENSO connections in E3SMv2 compared to CESM2. This analysis indicates that the key processes that affect future monsoon‐ENSO connections are ENSO amplitude and size of the future tropical Pacific El Niño‐like response.
Single-shot probing of sub-picosecond solid-to-overdense-plasma dynamics
Authors: Dai Kunjian , Cui Qingzhe , Zhang Jinwei
Published: July 2024

A single-shot near-infrared probing method has been developed to characterize the formation and evolution of the pre-plasma dynamics over sub-picosecond timescales, which is essential for the societal applications of laser-accelerated ion technologies.
Gemcitabine as chemotherapy of head and neck cancer in Fanconi anemia patients
Authors: van Harten Anne M. , Shah Ronak , de Boer D. Vicky , Buijze Marijke , Kreft Maaike , Song Ji-Ying , Zürcher Lisa M. , Jacobs Heinz , Brakenhoff Ruud H.
Published: July 2024

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare hereditary disease resulting from an inactivating mutation in the FA/BRCA pathway, critical for the effective repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). The disease is characterized by congenital abnormalities, progressing bone marrow failure, and an increased risk of developing malignancies early in life, in particular head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). While ICL-inducing cisplatin combined with radiotherapy is a mainstay of HNSCC treatment, cisplatin is contra-indicated for FA-HNSCC patients. This dilemma necessitates the identification of novel treatment modalities tolerated by FA-HNSCC patients. To identify druggable targets, an siRNA-based genetic screen was previously performed in HNSCC-derived cell lines from FA and non-FA tumor origin. Here, we report that the Ribonucleotide Reductase (RNR) complex, consisting of the RRM1 and RRM2 subunits, was identified as a therapeutic target for both, FA and non-FA HNSCC. While non-FA HNSCC cells responded differentially to RNR depletion, FA-HNSCC cells were consistently found hypersensitive. This insight was confirmed pharmacologically using 2′, 2′-difluoro 2′deoxycytidine (dFdC), also known as gemcitabine, a clinically used nucleotide analog that is a potent inhibitor of the RNR complex. Importantly, while cisplatin exposure displayed severe, long-lasting toxicity on the hematopoietic stem and progenitor compartments in Fancg−/− mice, gemcitabine was well tolerated and had only a mild, transient impact. Taken together, our data implicate that gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy could serve as an alternative HNSCC treatment in Fanconi patients, and deserves clinical testing.
Brain gray matter changes in children at risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
Authors: Roy Bhaswati , Ogren Jennifer A. , Allen Luke A. , Diehl Beate , Sankar Raman , Lhatoo Samden D. , Kumar Rajesh , Harper Ronald M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Potential failing adult brain sites, stratified by risk, mediating Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) have been described, but are unknown in children.

Methods

We examined regional brain volumes using T1-weighted MRI images in 21 children with epilepsy at high SUDEP risk and 62 healthy children, together with SUDEP risk scores, calculated from focal seizure frequency. Gray matter tissue type was partitioned, maps normalized, smoothed, and compared between groups (SPM12; ANCOVA; covariates, age, sex, and BMI). Partial correlations between regional volumes and seizure frequency were examined (SPM12, covariates, age, sex, and BMI); 67% were at high risk for SUDEP.

Results

The cerebellar cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, putamen, cingulate, thalamus, and para-hippocampal gyrus showed increased gray matter volumes in epilepsy, and decreased volumes in the posterior thalamus, lingual gyrus, and temporal cortices. The cingulate, insula, and putamen showed significant positive relationships with focal seizure frequency indices using whole-brain voxel-by-voxel partial correlations. Tissue volume changes in selected sites differed in direction from adults; particularly, cerebellar sites, key for hypotensive recovery, increased rather than adult declines.

Conclusion

The volume increases may represent expansion by inflammatory or other processes that, with sustained repetitive seizure discharge, lead to tissue volume declines described earlier in adults.

Impact

Children with epilepsy, who are at risk for Sudden Unexplained Death, show changes in brain volume that often differ in direction of change from adults at risk for SUDEP.

Sites of volume change play significant roles in mediating breathing and blood pressure, and include areas that serve recovery from prolonged apnea and marked loss of blood pressure.

The extent of volume changes correlated with focal seizure frequency.

Although the underlying processes contributing to regional volume changes remain speculative, regions of tissue swelling in pediatric brain areas may represent transitory conditions that later lead to tissue loss in the adult condition.
Impact of chemical reaction on the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model for viscoelastic flow over an exponentially stretching sheet
Authors: Sidahmed Abdelmgid O. M. , Salah Faisal , Viswanathan K. K.
Published: July 2024

In this article, the numerical solutions for the heat transfer flow of an upper-convected Maxwell fluid across an exponentially stretched sheet with a chemical reaction on the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model have been investigated. Using similarity transformation, the controlling system of nonlinear partial differential equations was transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations. The resulting converted equations were solved numerically by a successive linearization method with the help of MATLAB software. A graphic representation was created to analyze the physical insights of the relevant flow characteristics. The findings were presented in the form of velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. As the relaxation time parameter varied, the local Nusselt number increased. The thermal relaxation time was shown to have an inverse relationship with fluid temperature. Furthermore, the concentration boundary layer becomes thinner as the levels of the reaction rate parameter increase. The results of this model can be applicable in biological fluids and industrial situations. Excellent agreement exists between the analysis's findings and those of the previous studies.
Comparative analysis of geriatric hip fracture management outcomes in teaching and nonteaching hospitals in Jordan
Authors: Dawod Moh’d S. , Alswerki Mohammad N. , AR Altamimi Anas , Abu Hilal Mohammad , Albadaineh Ashraf , Saber Yaser , Alisi Mohammed S. , Al-Ajlouni Jihad
Published: July 2024

Hip fractures are common orthopedic injuries that have significant impacts on patients and healthcare systems. Previous studies have shown varying outcomes for hip fracture management in different settings, with diverse postoperative outcomes and complications. While teaching hospital settings have been investigated, no studies have specifically examined hip fracture outcomes in teaching hospitals in Jordan or the broader Middle East region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate this important outcome. A cohort comprising 1268 patients who underwent hip fracture fixation from 2017 to 2020 was analyzed for nine distinct outcomes. These outcomes encompassed time to surgery, ICU admissions, perioperative hemoglobin levels, length of hospital stay, readmission rates, revision procedures, and mortality rates at three time points: in-hospital, at 6-months, and at 1-year post-surgery. The analysis of 1268 patients (616 in teaching hospitals, 652 in non-teaching hospitals) showed shorter mean time to surgery in teaching hospitals (2.2 days vs. 3.6 days, p < 0.01), higher ICU admissions (17% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.01), and more postoperative blood transfusions (40.3% vs. 12.1%, p < 0.01). In-hospital mortality rates were similar between groups (2.4% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.72), as were rates at 6-months (3.1% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.65) and 1-year post-surgery (3.7% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.96). Geriatric hip fracture patients in teaching hospitals have shorter surgery times, more ICU admissions, and higher postoperative blood transfusion rates. However, there are no significant differences in readmission rates, hospital stays, or mortality rates at various intervals.
Optimization scheduling of microgrid comprehensive demand response load considering user satisfaction
Authors: Wang Chaoliang , Li Xiong
Published: July 2024

The original load control model of microgrid based on demand response lacks the factors of incentive demand response, the overall satisfaction of users is low, the degree of demand response is low, the Time Of Use (TOU) price of peak-valley filling capacity is weak, and the peak-valley difference of load curve is large. Regarding the limitations of the current microgrid demand response model, this study further optimizes the flexible load control strategy and proposes a two-objective optimization model based on price and incentive. Meanwhile, the model is solved using an improved chaotic particle group algorithm. Finally, the microgrid load data were selected for simulation analysis. The simulation results showed that the comprehensive demand response of flexible control model proposed increased the overall satisfaction of users by 9.51%, the overall operating cost of microgrid suppliers decreased by 12.975/ten thousand yuan, the peak valley difference decreased by 4.61%, and the user demand response increased by 27.24%. The model effectively improves the overall profit of the supply side of the microgrid, improves the user satisfaction, and maximizes the linkage benefits of the supply and demand of the micro grid. In addition, the model effectively reduces the phenomenon of distributed power supply in the microgrid, and realizes the supply and demand matching of the whole load in the microgrid.
Early detection of low QRS voltage and its association with mortality in patients with sepsis
Authors: Na Soo Jin , Ko Ryoung-Eun , Chung Chi Ryang , Yang Jeong Hoon , Oh Dong Kyu , Lee Su Yeon , Park Mi Hyeon , Lee Haein , Lim Chae-Man , Suh Gee Young
Published: July 2024

Various electrocardiographic changes occur during sepsis, but data on the clinical importance of a low QRS voltage in sepsis are still limited. We aimed to evaluate the association between low QRS voltage identified early in sepsis and mortality in patients with sepsis. Between September 2019 and December 2020, all consecutive adult patients diagnosed with sepsis in the emergency room or general ward at Samsung Medical Center were enrolled. Patients without a 12-lead electrocardiogram recorded within 48 h of recognition of sepsis were excluded. In 432 eligible patients, 12-lead electrocardiogram was recorded within the median of 24 min from the first recognition of sepsis, and low QRS voltage was identified in 115 (26.6%) patients. The low QRS group showed more severe organ dysfunction and had higher levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. The hospital mortality was significantly higher in the low QRS voltage group than in the normal QRS voltage group (49.6% vs. 28.1%, p < 0.001). Similarly, among the 160 patients who required intensive care unit admission, significantly more patients in the low QRS group died in the intensive care unit (35.9% vs. 18.2%, p = 0.021). Low QRS voltage was associated with increased hospital mortality in patients with sepsis.
Impact of previous pregnancy and BMI on cellular and serum immune activity from early to late pregnancy
Authors: Mealy Grace , Brennan Kiva , Killeen Sarah Louise , Kilbane Mark , Yelverton Cara , Saldova Radka , Groeger David , VanSinderen Douwe , Cotter Paul D. , Doyle Sarah L. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M.
Published: July 2024

Immunological adaptions during pregnancy play a crucial role in healthy fetal development. Aberrant immune modifications however contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes, which may be driven by maternal factors such as previous pregnancies and BMI. This secondary analysis of the MicrobeMom2 RCT investigates the changes to maternal inflammatory biomarkers derived from serum and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during pregnancy, and the effects of previous pregnancies (parity) and BMI on maternal immune responses. Changes in immune and metabolic biomarkers from early (11–15 weeks’ gestation) to late (28–32 weeks’ gestation) pregnancy were compared using paired t-tests. Participants were then split by parity (nulliparous, parous) and BMI (BMI < 25, BMI > = 25), and the relationship between parity and BMI with immune biomarker levels was examined using independent t-tests, paired t-tests, ANCOVA, and linear regression. Equivalent non-parametric tests were used for skewed data. Recruited women (n = 72) were on average 31.17 (SD ± 4.53) years of age and 25.11 (SD ± 3.82) BMI (kg/m2). Of these, 51 (70.8%) had a previous term pregnancy. Throughout gestation, PBMC cytokines displayed contrasting trends to serum, with a dampening of immune responses noted in PBMCs, and enhanced production of cytokines observed in the serum. Significant decreases in PBMC derived TNF-α, IL-10 and IFN-γ were seen from early to late pregnancy. Serum C3, IL-17A, IL-6, TNF-α, CD163, GDF-15 and leptin increased throughout gestation. First pregnancy was associated with higher levels of leptin in late pregnancy, while parous women showed significant decreases in PBMC derived TNF-α, IL10, and IFN-γ with gestation. Differences in levels of C3, IL-17A, TNF-α, GDF-15 and leptin were observed across BMI groups. Overall, serum-derived cytokines exhibit contrasting levels to those derived from stimulated PBMCs. Maternal immune responses undergo significant changes from early to late pregnancy, which are influenced by parity and BMI. These differences aid our understanding as to why first-time mothers are at greater risk of placental disease such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction.
Enhanced SOC estimation of lithium ion batteries with RealTime data using machine learning algorithms
Authors: D. Obuli Pranav , Babu Preethem S. , V. Indragandhi , B. Ashok , S. Vedhanayaki , C. Kavitha
Published: July 2024

Accurately estimating Battery State of Charge (SOC) is essential for safe and optimal electric vehicle operation. This paper presents a comparative assessment of multiple machine learning regression algorithms including Support Vector Machine, Neural Network, Ensemble Method, and Gaussian Process Regression for modelling the complex relationship between real-time driving data and battery SOC. The models are trained and tested on extensive field data collected from diverse drivers across varying conditions. Statistical performance metrics evaluate the SOC prediction accuracy on the test set. Gaussian process regression demonstrates superior precision surpassing the other techniques with the lowest errors. Case studies analyse model competence in mimicking actual battery charge/discharge characteristics responding to changing drivers, temperatures, and drive cycles. The research provides a reliable data-driven framework leveraging advanced analytics for precise real-time SOC monitoring to enhance battery management.