bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetically modified human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells as potential stimulators of neuroregeneration in degenerative disorders of central nervous system
Authors: Guseva D. S , Rizvanov A. A , Kiyasov A. P , Islamov R. R
Published: October 2024

Gene-cell therapy is a new step for the treatment of different human disorders including central nervous system degenerative diseases. In this review we focused on the last challenges in the field of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells transplantation - an attempt to support neuronal cells survival and to stimulate the neuroregeneration. As a potential therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases we reviewed the latest advances in gene modification of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells as a novel tool for the effective delivery of neuroprotective factors and growth factors in the injured or degenerative areas of the central nervous system under pathological conditions. The main topic of this review is the potential therapy of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - the progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting primarily upper and lower motoneurons - by using genetically modified human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells. The results from the up-to-date experiments indicated the opportunity to obtain differentiated macrophages, endothelial cells, or astrocytes from the genetically modified human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells after their transplantation in the mouse model of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Taken together, these data build the high-capacity platform for the supporting of degenerating neurons, structural and functional recovery of the brain and spinal cord after trauma, ischemia and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Eosinophilia: approaches to differential diagnosis of reactive and clonal eosinophilia
Authors: Bondarchuk S. V , Sevruk A. A , Semelev V. N
Published: October 2024

The features of changes in blood and bone marrow of patients with reactive (1 group, n = 8) and clonal (2 group, n = 13)eosinophilia. Revealed correlations between cellular elements, depending on the etiology, a statistically significant difference between the two independent groups of patients in terms of cellular composition of the blood and bone marrow. A common feature of both groups was high blood eosinophil counts and eosinophilic hyperplasia of the bone marrow. The absence of the correlation of some indicators of peripheral blood and hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow in patients 1 and 2 groups. Compared with patients with reactive eosinophilias number of correlations between indicators of hemogram and myelogram in patients with klonal eosinophilias were significantly less. Identified weak false-positive relationship between the number of neutrophils in the blood and bone marrow's neutrophils with monoclonal eosinophilias. Correlation of eosinophils and basophils blood in patients with klonal eosinophilias has been declared negative (p>0.05). On the contrary, there was a clear correlation between the two groups of red blood cells and eosinophils and their precursors. It is suggested the possible disregulatory process occurring under the action of the cytokine environment hematopoietic cells in hematologic malignancies.
Immunological and clinical correlation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis associated with autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Dvorovkin A. E , Odin V. I , Inamova O. V , Tyrenko V. V , Toporkov M. M , Tzygan E. N
Published: October 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial joints and progressive destruction of cartilage and bone. Serum and synovial fluid of RA patients revealed a wide range of autoantibodies. The highest value in the laboratory diagnosis of the disease serological tests is related to the determination of rheumatoid factor and antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide. In rheumatoid arthritis it is often combined with other autoimmune disorders, in particular - with autoimmune thyroiditis. Modern literature suggests that autoimmune thyroiditis and rheumatoid arthritis share common mechanisms of pathogenesis. The aim of the work was to determine the clinical and laboratory features of rheumatoid arthritis in association with autoimmune thyroiditis. We examined 146 patients with this pathology and different immunological profile. The study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase only the effect of the antibodies was determined by cyclic citrullinated peptide on the clinical and laboratory features of rheumatoid arthritis in combination with autoimmune thyroiditis. The second phase determined the effect of rheumatoid factor and antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide. In the third phase assessed the role of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide and antibodies to citrullinated vimentin modified. The first phase showed a significant link between the immunological activity of the disease and disease activity indices, the second phase detected reliable correlation between rheumatoid factor presence in blood and age, on the third phase we found a link between immunological activity and joint destruction. Based on these data we can conclude that in patients with different immunological profile suffering from rheumatoid arthritis in combination with autoimmune thyroiditis, there were various pathogenic mechanisms of the disease.
Clinical and laboratory features of different types of interferon therapy classic Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Polyakov A. S , Tyrenko V. V , Noskov Ya. A , Zhogolev D. K , Kovalev A. V
Published: October 2024

Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms are a group of disorders characterized by clonal disturbance of pluripotent bone marrow stem cells, leading to an excessive increase in hematopoietic cells that retain the ability to differentiate. Modern screening techniques have made changes to the current view of the epidemiology of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Recently, more and more researches are found with the median age below 50 years, and sometimes less than 40 years. This circumstance determines the need to improve therapy with the use of interferon-а. A new stage in the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms is the use of pegylated forms of interferon. A feature of this drug is more uniform release of interferon from copolymer combinations that results in a more effective action of the basic substance, reduced maximum weekly dose of the drug, reduce the severity of side effects, better tolerability, as well as better control of the disease progression. At the moment, even the proportion of patients receiving conventional interferon-а is very small. Therapy with pegylated interferon insufficiently developed. There are only a number of retrospective studies in recent years, indicating the usefulness of pegylated interferon to control the disease and improve the prognosis. According to the work pegylated interferon therapy is the most modern and effective approach to the treatment of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. We have studied the possibility of using of various forms of interferon-а for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Characterization of rat myofibroblasts isolated from liver portal tracts using explantation technique
Authors: Miyanovich O. , Katina M. N , Rizvanov A. A , Kiyasov A. P
Published: October 2024

Today there is no effective approach to treat liver fibrosis and the only way is transplantation of donors' liver. Investigation of molecular-cellular mechanisms of liver fibrosis can help to discover new ways of slowing down or even reverse the process of fibrogenesis in liver. For a long time hepatic stellate cells were undeservingly blamed for being the major causer of liver fibrosis, because they were considered as the main source of myofibroblasts, that synthesize connective tissue extracellular matrix. In this particular work explantation approach was used to isolate cell culture from portal tracts. It was shown that received cells are portal fibroblasts, and, just as hepatic stellate cells, in case of liver alteration can differentiate in myofibroblasts, that express а-smooth muscle actin. During long-term cultivation it was shown that portal myofibroblasts can differentiate into fibroblasts and back on late passages. So, we can conclude, that there is a potency to reverse the process of fibrogenesis in liver.
Influence of the human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells transplantation on regeneration of the rat kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Tabanakova A. V , Yilmaz T. S , Fairushina I. F , Gumerova A. A , Kiassov A. A
Published: October 2024

Stem cell therapy may provide effective and patogenetically proved treatment of chronic kidney disease caused by interstitial fibrosis after tubule damage. It was reported that transplanted bone marrow stem cells participate in tubule regeneration [1]. At the same time the potential of hematopoietic stem cells in tubule regeneration is not well investigated. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the participation of human cord blood stem cells in rat kidney tubule regeneration after unilateral ureteral obstruction. 18 laboratory rats were subjected to left unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). 3x106 of human cord blood mononuclears (n = 9) or equivalent volume of saline (n = 9) were injected into rat's tail vein. Kidney tissue was collected at the end of the 3, 6 or 14 day after operation. Paraffin-embedded slices were stained with mononuclear antibodies against C-kit (stem and progenitor cell marker), proliferating cell nuclear antigen for the cells proliferative capacity evaluation (PCNA) and а-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) for myofibroblasts detection. Number of proliferating cells in tubuli ad interstitium was considerably larger in the obstructed kidney of the transplantation group, as well as the number of proliferating cells in the glomeruli at 14 day after operation. At the same time number of a-SMA-positive cells in the transplanted group was significantly lower compared with sham-transplanted group. There were no differences in expression of these markers in the contralateral kidneys. UUO had no impact on C-kit expression in kidney tissue. Thus, transplantation of human cord blood mononuclear cells in UUO stimulates proliferative activity of tubular cells and interstitium, reduces myofibroblast activation and risk of kidney fibrosis
Modern approaches to peripheral nerve regeneration after injury: the prospects of gene and cell therapy
Authors: Karagyaur M. N , Makarevich P. I , Shevchenko E. K , Stambolsky D. V , Kalinina N. I , Parfyonova Ye. V
Published: October 2024

Natural potency of peripheral nerves to regenerate after injury is limited by time and ability of neurons to recuperate. It results in loss of function and disability of impaired subject. Existing therapeutic approaches are not capable to support nerve survival and neurite outgrowth for a sufficient period of time. This problem can be solved by application of novel gene therapeutic drugs and cell-based approaches. Present review focuses on mechanisms of nerve repair and key stages of peripheral nerve system regeneration after injury. The study provides a systematic overview of biologically active molecules involved and gives a prospect of new methods in treatment of injured nerves.
Role of macrophages in pathomorphogenesis of alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Burganova G. R , Deev R. V , Kiyasov A. P
Published: October 2024

Alcoholic liver disease combines various structural and functional impairments of liver caused by excessive alcohol consumption. Alcohol, as a direct hepatotoxic agent, is metabolized in the liver and affects both resident cells and their microenvironment. These changes are reflected in the resulting imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators synthesized by the liver macrophages. To date, it is known about the polarization and phenotypic diversity of this cell population, and about macrophages and monocytes involvement in the development of alcoholic hepatitis. These facts allow us to consider macrophages as potential therapeutic targets. However, the available data do not fully disclose the mechanisms of inter- and intradifferon interactions in the human body. The review discusses the results of current studies on the involvement of liver macrophages in the pathomorphogenesis of alcoholic liver disease and the potential for their use in the treatment of this disease.
Cytotoxic activity of T-2 toxin for a immortalized of cattle fetal lung epithelium cells
Authors: Idiyatov I. I , Valiullin L. R , Biryulya V. V , Shangaraev N. G , Raginov I. S , Tremasov M. I , Lekishvili M. V , Nikitin A. I
Published: October 2024

T-2 toxin produced by microscopic fungi induces apoptosis in cells of various body tissues. The purpose of this study was to assess T-2 toxin cytotoxic effect on fetal calf lung epithelium cells. Cells were cultured in a nutrient medium containing T-2 toxin at a concentration of 6000, 3000, 2000, 1000, 500, 100, 50 and 25 ng/ml for 20 hours. The cytotoxic effect of T-2 toxin was assessed by morphological parameters, proliferative activity and cell survival. It was found that the changes in morphology, proliferation, mitotic activity of cells, as well as their survival depended on the concentration of T-2 toxin. High doses of the toxin prevented the cells to form a monolayer, suppressed proliferation, led to changing of their shape, fragmentation and the high level of apoptosis. At doses of 50 and 100 ng/ml monolayer poorly occurred. At a concentration of 25 ng/ml, the toxin had no significant effect on the studied parameters. Morphological analysis was confirmed by cytometry, results of evaluation of proliferative and mitotic activity, cytotoxicity.
Nonwoven polycaprolactone scaffolds for tissue engineering: the choice of the structure and the method of cell seeding
Authors: Arutyunyan I. V , Tenchurin T. Kh , Kananykhina E. Y , Chernikov V. P , Vasyukova O. A , Elchaninov A. V , Makarov A. V , Korshunov A. A , Burov A. A , Podurovskaya Y. L , Chuprynin V. D , Uvarova E. V , Degtyarev D. N , Shepelev A. D , Mamagulashvili V. G , Kamyshinskiy R. A , Krasheninnikov S. V , Chvalun S. N , Fatkhudinov T. Kh
Published: October 2024

Nonwoven polycaprolactone materials produced by electrospinning are perspective internal prosthetic implants. Seeding these implants with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells stimulates the replacement of the prosthesis with recipient's own connective tissue. Electrospinning method was used for producing polycap-rolactone matrices differing in thickness, pore diameter, fiber size, and biomechanical properties. Labeled cells were seeded on scaffolds in three ways: (1) static, (2) dynamic, and (3) directed flow of the cell suspension generated by capillary action. Cell distribution on the surface and the interior of the scaffolds was studied; the metabolic activity of cells was measured by MTT assay. Static seeding method yielded fully confluence of cells covered the entire scaffold surface, but the cells were located primarily in the upper third of the matrix. Dynamic method proved to be effective only for scaffolds of thickness greater than 500 microns, irrespective of the pore diameter. The third method was effective only for scaffolds with the pore diameter of 20-30 microns, regardless of the material thickness. Resorbable nonwoven polycaprolactone electrospun materials have appropriate biomechanical properties and similar to native tissue matrix structures for internal prosthesis. The choice of the most effective cell seeding method depends on the spatial characteristics - the material thickness, pore diameter, and fibers size, which are determined by the electrospinning conditions.
Using organotypic cultures of the retina as a model for studying migratory activity of transplanted cells
Authors: Semen M L , Sergeev S A , Saburina I N , Kosheleva N V , Semenova M L , Sergeev S A , Saburina I N , Koscheleva N V
Published: October 2024

A lot of experimental data have been accumulated and numerous clinical trials have been conducted in the field of stem cell biology in recent years. But still there are many open questions about the survival of transplanted cells, interaction between transplanted cells and recipient microenvironment. That's why it is necessary to develop experimental models of damaged retina which allow studying the behavior of individual cells after transplantation. We used organotypic explantation culture of newborn rat neuroretina as a model to study unfluence of transplanted cells and trophic factors on neuraretina. The advantages of this model are: visualization of transplanted cells, simple analysis of their morphology, survival capacity in neuroretina, interactions with recipient tissue and migration ability. We used newborn rat neuroretina explantation culture (DMEM/F12 with 20ng/mlFGFandEGF, 7% FCS and antibiotics). After 10 days of cultivation retina pigment epithelium cells, MMSC and NSPC from the subventricular brain zone of C57BL/ B-TgCACTB-EGFP)/Osb/J GFP+ mice were transplanted into the cultured neuroretina/ explants. The immunohistochemical staining for [i-lll-tubulin and GFAP was carried out. In our study significant differece in the survival capacity and migration ability of different cell types has been demonstrated, and morphological changes of transplanted cells were have been analyzed.
Creating an 11-year longitudinal substance use harm cohort from linked health and census data to analyse social drivers of health
Authors: Marouzi Anousheh , Plante Charles , Fornssler Barbara
Published: October 2024

IntroductionResearch on substance use harm in Canada has been hampered by an absence of linked data to analyse and report on the social drivers of substance use harm.
ObjectivesThis study aims to address this gap by providing a fully annotated Stata do-file that links sociodemographic data to 11 years of hospitalisation and death outcomes. This do-file will greatly facilitate the creation of provincial and national substance use cohorts using line-level data available through Statistics Canada's Research Data Centres (RDC) program.
MethodsWe used Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (CanCHEC) 2006 to create a cohort of Saskatchewanians followed from 2006 to 2016. We linked sociodemographic information of the 2006 Census (long-form) respondents to their hospitalisation data captured in the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) (2006 to 2016) and their mortality records in the Canadian Vital Statistics Death Database (CVSD) (2006 to 2016). We developed an algorithm to identify Saskatchewanians who experienced a substance use harm event. We validated the cohort by comparing our descriptive findings with those from other Canadian studies on substance use.
ResultsWe used CanCHEC, a national data resource, whereas most previous studies have used provincial data resources. Despite this difference in constructing the cohorts, our results showed trends consistent with previous studies, including an overrepresentation of individuals with lower socioeconomic status among the people who experienced substance use harm (PESUH). Similar to other Canadian studies, our results indicate an increasing rate of substance use harm from 2006 to 2016.
ConclusionThis study provides a Stata do-file that compiles a validated substance use cohort using CanCHEC, enabling comprehensive substance use research by linking sociodemographic data with health outcomes. The do-file is likely to save researchers hundreds of hours and accelerate research on the drivers of substance use harms in Canada.
Processos de revitalização e preservação de distritos urbanos
Authors: Scortegagna Socal Ana Julia , Ribeiro Marcelo
Published: October 2024

O artigo revisa as transformações sofridas pelo conjunto arquitetônico ferroviário da Vila Belga, em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, desde a decadência ocasionada pelo fim do transporte ferroviário, nos anos de 1990, o tombamento do conjunto arquitetônico, à transformação no atual projeto de revitalização denominado Distrito Criativo Centro-Gare. A metodologia empregada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, visitas in loco e análise das fotografias em diferentes épocas históricas, tendo como recorte temporal o período de 1997 a 2023, englobando diferentes épocas em que as transformações ocorreram na Vila Belga. Observou-se que as três iniciativas identificadas e analisadas contaram tanto com a atuação do poder público quanto da própria comunidade, o que fortalece as ações realizadas e contribui para a sua continuidade.
The Wetu Telu Community’s Customary Chief Influence on the Management of Indigenous Forests in Bayan, North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Jayadi Edi Muhamad , Khairi Akhmad Khalakul , Sutasoma Muwardi
Published: October 2024

The existence of an institution system and customary chief is very important for the sustainability of customary forest management. This study attempts to explain the function of the traditional chief of Wetu Telu community in the management of indigenous forests in the Bayan Sub-District, North Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province, as well as the institutional framework and changes in that function. Observation, interviews, and documentation were used to collect data. The data obtained was analyzed thematically using Nvivo 12 Software, while a descriptive analysis used the Milles and Huberman Model. The results show that customary chiefs have the following roles: raise public awareness, spearhead conservation efforts, convey moral and spiritual messages, guide and oversee conservation efforts, mediate conflicts of interest related to nature, lead religious activities related to nature, and establish communication and collaboration. The institutional system of the Wetu Telu community’s customary chief consists of several components, including special requirements, an appointment mechanism, personnel, a term of office, a source of income, and a dismissal mechanism. The role of the customary chief in indigenous forest management continues to be strengthened from time to time. The reasons for strengthening the role of the customary chief are the issuance of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 35 of 2012 concerning the status of indigenous forests, the recognition of the success of local wisdom-based forest management patterns, increasing public awareness of the importance of environmental conservation, global warming, and, the development of ecotourism.
Keywords: customary chief, indigenous forest management, local government, Wetu Telu community
Estimating quantiles in acceptance criteria for structural components
Authors: Pajari Matti , Makkonen Lasse
Published: October 2024

The probabilistic foundations of methods to control the characteristic properties of structural materials, expressed as p-quantiles, are discussed. We argue that the acceptance criteria in the quality control should be based on quantile estimators complying with the definition of the quantile. We introduce the distribution-free concept of definition-based quantile estimator. For normal distribution, an application of different types of estimators, as well as some attribute methods and mixed methods presently used, are illustrated by operating characteristic curves. We recommend the prediction method by which the subjective limit values of the mixed methods are eliminated, information from the sample will be used more effectively than in the attribute methods, and the questions about the proper confidence level or a “known” variation coefficient need not be considered. However, the direct application of the prediction method results in stricter quality control than that presently used. Therefore, we recommend adopting p’ > p in such a way that if the predicted p’-quantile estimate  is equal to or higher than the lower lilmit L, the required value of the p-quantile, the lot is accepted in the quality control. If the present quality level is appropriate, the value of p’ can be chosen in such a way that the present level is maintained. If not, necessary modifications are possible simply by adjusting p’.
Improving Data Accessibility with Distributed File System: A Blockchain Ethereum Approach
Authors: Manakhari Sushanth Sreenivasamurthy , Jadhav Ajinkya Prabhu , Paraye Twinkle , Gate Anurag
Published: October 2024

In the evolving landscape of digital data management, blockchain technology emerges as a transformative force, particularly through its implementation within Ethereum. This paper delves into the role of Ethereum in enhancing data accessibility across distributed file systems. By leveraging the power of smart contracts, Ethereum introduces a level of automation and reliability previously unattainable in traditional systems. The integration of Ethereum with decentralized storage solutions like the Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) facilitates not only more transparent and efficient access to data but also augments security and trustworthiness. We explore the technical mechanisms by which Ethereum smart contracts automate data operations and how these interactions enhance system performance and user experience. Furthermore, the paper discusses the potential challenges and solutions associated with integrating blockchain technologies into existing data systems, thereby providing insights into their future implications for the global data economy. The findings indicate that Ethereum substantially increases accessibility, reduces operational bottlenecks, and could pave the way for new data governance models that are secure, efficient, and scalable.
Politics of Memory in the Transcarpathian Region of Ukraine (2014 – Present Time)
Authors: Oleg Kazak
Published: October 2024

After the events of 2013–2014, trends of revising historical policy emerged in Ukraine. As part of the conducted «decommunization» policy, many historical events received new interpretations, not devoid of inconsistency and illogicality. The purpose of the present article is to characterize the prevailing assessments of key events in the history of Transcarpathia in Ukrainian scientifi c and public discourse (primarily, the liberation of the region by the Red Army in the fall of 1944 and the inclusion of Transcarpathia into Soviet Ukraine are in focus). The objects of study are the processes of changing the toponymy of settlements in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine, as well as works of academic historiography and popular science works. The author comes to the conclusion that many commemorative practices aimed at discrediting historical fi gures who were the most consistent supporters of the Ukrainian identity of the population of Transcarpathia are absurd.
The Great Northern War in Memory Politics of Сontemporary Ukraine and Belarus
Authors: Daniil Kharitonov
Published: October 2024

The article examines the Northern War of 1700–1721 as an object of memory politics in Ukraine and Belarus. For this purpose, the main features of memory politics in the two countries at the present stage are described. The article provides characteristics of the leading actors and institutions of such politics. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of state policy, including the fi eld of education. The author defi nes practices and discourses of memory politics, as well as their similarities and differences both within one country and in the interstate dimension. At the same time, the essay presents main narratives of memory politics and studies the features of their reproduction by mnemonic actors.
Russian Self-consciousness in the Period between Kingdom and Empire; Conceptual Perception of Monarchic Statehood in the 18th – Beginning of the 20th Centuries
Authors: Artem Boronin
Published: October 2024

The appearance of new state forms is in many respects caused by the rise o new identity. Under the conditions of major and comprehensive changes of the Russian society in the beginning of the 18th century the political rules were also changed, resulting in the transformation of Moscow kingdom into Russian empire. In this respect the perception by the contemporaries of the forms of statehood, - old and new monarchic orders, their contradictions and continuity, – is very signifi cant. In the present article the author examines the evolution of the “kingdom” and “empire” concepts perception in the Russian society in the 18th – beginning of the 20th century, and also singles out the main directions of such perception.
Russia and the USA: a Culturial and Value Rift
Authors: Maria Butina,
Published: October 2024

The article addresses the present-day cultural and value agendas of the USA and the Russian Federation within the context of political confrontation between the two state paradigms. The historical and philosophical context of the postmodern value course of the USA and traditional value orientations of the Russian Federation is analyzed. It also presents a dialectical forecast regarding the potential for overcoming the current value cleavage between the two countries.
Unity of the Nation in Time and Space at the Turning Point of the Epochs: Teaching History and Geography in Russia in the 1880s – 1920s
Authors: Alexey Panchenko
Published: October 2024

The era between the beginning of the reign of Alexander III and the establishment of Joseph Stalin’s sole power, was the time when issues of nation and nationalism came to the fore. The creation of Russian nation united by common ideas about the past and the space it inhabited at the time became one of the most important tasks of secondary schools, primarily through the teaching of history and geography. However constant changes in the history course programs, the shortage of hours and the emphasis on the history of the state rather than that of people, prevented forming in full the idea of the unity of nation. Insuffi cient attention to the geography of Russia resulted in failure to create a sense of national unity in space. The ensuing attempt to create a new labor-based school, in which history became part of social studies and geography placed greater emphasis on economic aspects, also failed to promote the policy of nation-building. As the result, by the mid-1920s, the Russian nation still was not fully formed
Political conformism as the necessity of human existence within the ideological framework of a totalitarian state
Authors: Mysovskikh L. O.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the peculiarities of the manifestation of the phenomenon of conformity in a totalitarian society. The role of ideology in a totalitarian state is determined. Conformal behavior of members of society is considered within the framework of the structure of the system of relations between the government and society, as well as through the influence of ideology on social processes. Ideological conformity is presented as one of the strengths of the totalitarian state in the fight against its opponents. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that ideology acts as the dominant factor in funding the legitimacy of the totalitarian regime.
Review of O.S. Goritskaya's monograph "Language and borders: lexical and grammatical specifics of the Russian language in Belarus"(Minsk, Minsk state linguistic university publ., 2021, 300 p.)
Authors: Suprunchuk M.
Published: October 2024

The book by O.S. Goritskaya "Language and Borders: lexical and grammatical specifics of the Russian language in Belarus" is reviewed. The monograph uses a dynamic approach to the modern sociolinguistic situation in Belarus. The phenomenon of the Belarusian-Russian speech continuum is studied on the basis of the corpus, mass media and experimental data. More than 600 facts of vocabulary and grammar have been studied. Special attention is paid to quantitative and corpus data, as well as to the analysis of metalanguage reflection of speakers.
Akçakoca Ağzındaki Bazı Kelimelerin Derlenmesi ve Semantik Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: DELİHASANOĞLU ÇİFTCİ Ebru
Published: October 2024

Bu makalede, Düzce’nin Akçakoca ilçesinde yaşayan yerli halkın kullandığı
bazı kelimeler incelenmiştir. Bölge halkının büyük bir çoğunluğunun
Doğu Karadenizli olması hasebiyle bu çalışmanın alanı, Akçakoca
ve Doğu Karadeniz’i kapsamaktadır. 93 Harbi olarak da bilinen savaşta,
Osmanlı büyük bir mağlubiyet yaşamıştır. Ruslarla yapılan antlaşma sonrasında
hükûmet, Doğu Karadeniz çevresindeki bazı yerlerin boşaltılmasını
istemiştir. Halkın Rus eziyetlerinden kaçma isteği, yollarını Akçakoca’ya
çıkartmıştır. Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinden Akçakoca’ya göç eden
halk, tabii olarak ağız özelliklerini ve kendilerine has olan kelimeleri de
beraberinde getirmiştir. Bölgede, göç hadisesine kadar Akçakoca’nın yerlisi
denen halkın kullandığı Türk ağzı hâkimdir. Doğu Karadeniz’den göç
hasıl olunca bölgede kullanılan yerli Türk ağzı, yerini Doğu Karadeniz
ağzına bırakmıştır. Şu anki bölge halkının dil özelliklerinde Kuzey-Batı
Türkçesi özellikleriyle birlikte Eski Türkçe unsurlar da görülmektedir.
Akçakoca’daki halk, Kıpçak Türkçesi ve Eski Türkçedeki bazı kelimeleri
hâlâ kullanmaktadır. Bu makalede, kaynak kişilerin kullandıkları ve şahsımın
da Akçakocalı olması hasebiyle bildiğim ve kullandığım bazı kelimelerden
132’si derlenmiş, Dîvânu Lugâti’t-Türk ve Türkiye’de Halk Ağzından
Derleme Sözlüğü (DS) ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Derleme Sözlüğü’nde
bulunmayan kelimeler bir grupta, DS’de bulunmakla birlikte Akçakoca
ağzından derlenmeyen kelimeler bir grupta ve DS’de bulunmakla birlikte
Akçakoca ağzında farklı anlamda kullanılan kelimeler bir grupta gösterilmiştir.
Ayrıca 132 kelimenin içindeki eskicil unsurlar madde başı olarak gösterilip bunların anlamları ve etimolojileri verilmiş, sonra da DLT’deki
kullanımları ile karşılaştırılarak kelimelerin art zamanlı ve eş zamanlı biçimleri
verilmiştir. Derlenen kelimeler, esas itibarıyla isim ve fiil olarak
ayrı ayrı ele alınıp semantik açıdan incelenirken bazı kelimeler de fonetik
açıdan incelenmiştir.
Second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as salvage therapy in a patient with sepsis and severe hypofunction of hematopoiesis after chemotherapy
Authors: Klevakin D. E. , Vakhonina L. V. , Vlasova A. A. , Kostenko D. E. , Borovskikh S. V. , Tarasova А. D. , Fechina L. G.
Published: October 2024

When performed in patients with severe infection, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with high mortality rates due to the progression of infection and graft failure. Here, we report a case of a successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation performed in a pediatric patient with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed persistent granulocyte colony-stimulating factor refractory chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression and severe sepsis. Following the procedure, the patient achieved hematopoietic recovery with subsequent resolution of the infection and was able to resume treatment. The patient's parents gave consent to the use of their child's data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications.
Resistance to medical artificial intelligence: Integrating AI awareness, AI risks, and displacement of responsibility
Authors: Li Xianmiao , Abangbila Linda
Published: October 2024

Resisting the adoption of medical artificial intelligence (AI), it is suggested that this opposition can be overcome by combining AI awareness, AI risks, and responsibility displacement. Through effective integration of public AI dangers and displacement of responsibility, some of these major concerns can be alleviated. The United Kingdom’s National Health Service has adopted the use of chatbots to provide medical advice, whereas heart disease diagnoses can be made by IBM’s Watson. This has the ability to improve healthcare by increasing accuracy, efficiency, and patient outcomes. The resistance may be due to concerns about losing jobs, anxieties about misdiagnosis or medical mistakes, and the consciousness of AI systems drifting more responsibility away from medical professionals. There is hesitancy among healthcare professionals and the general public about the deployment of AI, despite the fact that healthcare is being revolutionised by AI, its uses are pervasive. Participants’ awareness of AI in healthcare, AI risk, resistance to AI, responsibility displacement and ethical considerations were gathered through questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and correlation analyses were used to establish the relationship between resistance and medical AI. The study’s objective seeks to collect data on primary and public AI awareness, perceptions of risk and feelings of displacement that the professionals have regarding medical AI. Some of these concerns can be resolved when AI awareness is effectively integrated and patients, healthcare providers, as well as the general public are well informed about AI’s potential advantages. Trust is built when, AI related issues such as bias, transparency, and data privacy are critically addressed. Another objective is to develop a seamless integration of risk management, communication and awareness of AI. Lastly to assess how this comprehensive approach has affected hospital settings’ ambitions to use medical AI. Fusing AI awareness, risk management, and effective communication can be used as a comprehensive strategy to address and promote the application of medical AI in hospital settings. An argument made by Chen et al. is that providing training in AI can improve adoption intentions while lowering complexity through the awareness of AI.
Alcohol-associated liver disease — a current overview
Authors: Mirowski Krystian , Balicka-Ślusarczyk Barbara , Hydzik Piotr , Zwolińska-Wcisło Małgorzata
Published: October 2024

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) remains a major and increasingly pressing concern in hepatology. ALD includes spectrum of conditions, each with unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Excessive alcohol intake is a leading preventable cause of physical harm, including ALD. The pathogenesis of ALD involves oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism disruptions, with genetic predispositions playing a major role. ALD progresses from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis, and finally liver cirrhosis, which is marked by severe fibrosis and impaired liver function. Advanced ALD stages, particularly alcoholic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, are characterized by high mortality rates. Management of ALD primarily involves strict abstinence from alcohol, which can reverse early-stage disease or halt progression. Nutritional support, vitamin supplementation, and symptomatic treatment are also essential. Liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for alcoholic liver cirrhosis, but it is difficult for patients with a history of alcohol abuse to qualify for the procedure. Epidemiological data indicate a growing burden of ALD, especially among younger populations, exacerbated by increased alcohol consumption trends and the COVID-19 pandemic’s influence on drinking behaviors. Despite ALD’s significant impact, current therapies are limited, highlighting the need for innovative treatments and comprehensive patient management strategies. Individualized care, enhanced epidemiological research, and new therapeutic approaches are crucial to improving outcomes for ALD patients.
A comparative analysis of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities of the crude and fractionated extracts from Distichochlamys benenica
Authors: Tran Gia-Buu , Do Bich Hang , Tran Xuan Thao Thi , Pham Ty Viet , Do Duy Thanh
Published: October 2024

Distichochlamys benenica is a newly discovered plant belonging to the Distichochlamys family, which exerts many important biological activities. However, the anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects of the crude (ME) and fractioned extracts of D. benenica, such as hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), and ethyl acetate extracts (EAE), have not been elucidated yet. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated via DPPH free radical scavenging and phosphomolybdate assays. The anti-inflammatory potential of the extracts was assessed via their inhibitory effects on protein denaturation and nitric oxide production. The anti-cancer effect of the extracts against A549 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines was determined via MTT assay. The results revealed that among four extracts, the polyphenol concentration was highest in EAE (350.59 ± 13.26 mg GAE/g) while the flavonoid content was highest in HE and ME. Furthermore, the greatest DPPH radical capture efficiency was demonstrated by EAE (89.76 ± 0.68%), and total antioxidant activity was greatest in HE (204.18 ± 3.51 mg AAE/g). The greatest suppression of NO generation was similarly shown by EAE and HE, with IC50 values ranging from 3.72-4.06 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, HE and EAE exhibited an inhibitory effect on protein denaturation (ranging from 12.76%-28.81%). HE and EAE had the greatest effectiveness against MDA-MB-231 cell lines in the antitumor test. These findings validate the potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties of D. benenica extracts, especially EAE and HE, and pave the way for the application of the extracts in the pharmaceutical industry as promising anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer medicines.
Extraction and Analysis of Mycotoxins from Whole Wheat Flour - A Methods Efficiency Comparison
Authors: Ciko Krisida , Kola Suzana , Bacu Ariola
Published: October 2024

Wheat is considered as staple food source for 40% of the population worldwide. Yet, the yield and quality can be compromised by fungal diseases, which are also responsible for mycotoxins presence at wheat seeds and originating foodstuff. In this context, the tackling of this problem by developing regulatory limits and standards have induced the development of various methods for sampling, extraction, identification and quantification of mycotoxins in food samples. This review addresses the comparison of the technical and cost efficiency of methods for the extraction and qualitative- quantitative analysis of mycotoxins from whole wheat flour. Methods of extraction such as the Solvent Extraction method, the Liquid Liquid Extraction, the Solid Liquid Extraction, the Solid Phase Extraction, the Immuno-Affinity Columns, the QuEChERS, and the use of absorbent nanomaterials such as graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in extraction procedures, are described in principle, technical details are presented, and examples of reported use are given. Methods of mycotoxin analysis such as Immunological Assays (LFIA, ELISA, FPIA), the Sensor-based (Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor, Piezoelectric Sensors, Electrochemical Sensors, Colorimetric Sensors), and Chromatographic Techniques (TLC, GC, HPLC, HPLC-FLD, LC-MS/MS, UPLC-MS/MS, UHPLC-MS/MS, UFLC-MS/MS) are reviewed. To compare their efficiency, main advantages and disadvantages, the ongoing improvements, as well as the validation parameters (linearity, recovery range, RSDr range, RSDR %, LOQ range, and cut off) are summarized, and pairing of extraction to analysis methods for specific mycotoxins is provided. It was evidenced that none of methods already in use is capable of analyzing all mycotoxin categories at once, because of their chemical characteristics (volatile/non-volatile, co-elution, UV absorption, fluorescence) versus methods restrictions (matrix interferences, cross-reactivity of antibodies, selectivity and reproducibility of data, need for derivatization, etc). Also, depending on the purpose of the analysis (research or screening as part of legal requirements), to date the immunological methods are only suitable for validated matrices, biosensors can be used for routine screening, and that GC-MS and HPLC-based methods fulfill the legal requirements. In conclusion, while the selectivity and accuracy of methods for mycotoxin detection is being improved rapidly (those sensor-based thanks to the use of nanoparticles, nanomaterials, aptasensors, etc., and the chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry offer a higher selectivity and sensitivity, low detection limits, maintained resolution performance), and the duration of the analysis, the cost, and the need for highly-skilled staff go in favor of rapid methods (immunological and sensors-based), it is the capacity to fulfill legal requirements, which will determine the trend and their future success in the market.
Process Management Framework for Health and Safety at Work (SST) Companies
Authors: Oliveira Leandro José de , Fenerich Francielle Cristina , Barbosa Danilo Hisano
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aims to develop and implement a process management framework for Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) companies, seeking to optimize the organization and execution of services, identifying improvement opportunities throughout the customer journey, from contract closure to renewal. The proposal is to offer an adaptable model that meets industry demands and enhances the operational efficiency of companies.
 
Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework addresses the evolution of Regulatory Standards (NRs) since the 1970s and the importance of complying with labor laws for the safety and health of workers in Brazil. The role of eSocial, created in 2014 to unify and ensure the collection of employer information, is highlighted, as well as its function in alerting them to legal risks.
 
Method: The methodology used was action research, as defined by Oquist (1978). The research involved mapping the operational processes of OSH companies to identify areas for improvement. The first version of the framework was developed, tested, and based on the results, improved into a second version. The improvements were based on tests and validations conducted throughout the process.
 
Results and Discussion: The first version of the framework showed positive results but also highlighted the need for improvements, which were incorporated into the second version. Changes included the restructuring of steps and the addition of a new phase focused on the commercial process. Satisfaction surveys with internal and external clients, as well as accounting firms, indicated positive acceptance but also a lack of systemic vision among professionals, affecting the quality of the work.
 
Research Implications: The research implications are significant for the OSH sector. The developed framework improves the organization and efficiency of service-providing companies. The study also highlights the importance of performance indicators to monitor performance and mitigate risks, such as customer loss. It is recommended that future research explore the adaptation of the framework to new technologies and automation.
 
Originality/Value: The originality of this study lies in the creation of a process management framework specifically for OSH companies, where organization and efficiency are essential for complying with labor regulations and ensuring worker safety. The value of the work resides in its practical contribution to the sector, offering an adaptable model that can be improved based on feedback and technological advancements.