bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A proof-of-concept study on the use of a fluorescein-based 18F-tracer for pretargeted PET
Authors: Helbert Hugo , Ploeg Emily M. , Samplonius Douwe F. , Blok Simon N. , Antunes Ines F. , Böhmer Verena I. , Luurtsema Gert , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , Feringa Ben L. , Elsinga Philip H. , Szymanski Wiktor , Helfrich Wijnand
Published: March 2022

Background

Pretargeted immuno-PET tumor imaging has emerged as a valuable diagnostic strategy that combines the high specificity of antibody-antigen interaction with the high signal and image resolution offered by short-lived PET isotopes, while reducing the irradiation dose caused by traditional 89Zr-labelled antibodies. In this work, we demonstrate proof of concept of a novel ‘two-step’ immuno-PET pretargeting approach, based on bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) engineered to feature dual high-affinity binding activity for a fluorescein-based 18F-PET tracer and tumor markers.

Results

A copper(I)-catalysed click reaction-based radiolabeling protocol was developed for the synthesis of fluorescein-derived molecule [18F]TPF. Binding of [18F]TPF on FITC-bearing bsAbs was confirmed. An in vitro autoradiography assay demonstrated that [18F]TPF could be used for selective imaging of EpCAM-expressing OVCAR3 cells, when pretargeted with EpCAMxFITC bsAb. The versatility of the pretargeting approach was showcased in vitro using a series of fluorescein-binding bsAbs directed at various established cancer-associated targets, including the pan-carcinoma cell surface marker EpCAM, EGFR, melanoma marker MCSP (aka CSPG4), and immune checkpoint PD-L1, offering a range of potential future applications for this pretargeting platform.

Conclusion

A versatile pretargeting platform for PET imaging, which combines bispecific antibodies and a fluorescein-based 18F-tracer, is presented. It is shown to selectively target EpCAM-expressing cells in vitro and its further evaluation with different bispecific antibodies demonstrates the versatility of the approach.
Role of phytochemicals as potential radioprotectants
Authors: Chavhan Sarin A. , Bakal Ravindra L. , Jawarkar Rahul D. , Gandhi Roshani P. , Chandak Mayuri P. , Lewaa Israa
Published: March 2022

Background

Ionizing radiations causes harm to living organisms and the rapid technological progress has increased human exposure to ionizing radiations enormously. Ionizing radiations come in contact with exposure from space radiations, nuclear war, and radiotherapy for cancer-like disease.

Main body of the abstract

There is a need for human beings against these effects of ionizing radiation due to lack of safe and effective radiation available so far, and the traditional medicines used from ancient times of different disease and protection against radiation. A systematic in vivo and in vitro study may use to identify a new lead compound as a radiation shielding agent. The radioprotective properties of plant and herbal extracts, as well as their radioprotective doses, are highlighted in this article. The outcomes of the in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that several botanicals such as Gingko biloba, Centella asiatica, Ocimum sanctum, Panax ginseng, Emblica officinalis, Phyllanthus amarus, Piper longum, Tinospora cordifoila, Mentha arvensis, Mentha piperita, Syzygium cumini, Zingiber officinale, Ageratum conyzoides, Aegle marmelos and Piper betle protect against radiation-induced lethality, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage.

Short conclusion

The fractionation-guided evaluation may help to develop new radioprotectors for targeted activities.
Phenological and physiological responses of hybrid rice under different high-temperature at seedling stage
Authors: Aryan Shafiqullah , Gulab Gulbuddin , Habibi Nasratullah , Kakar Kifayatullah , Sadat Mohammad Ismail , Zahid Tayebullah , Rashid Rashid Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Background

The projected increase in global temperature is expected to negatively impact food production in many regions. Rice exposure to heat stress can limit plant growth in different stages, especially at the seedling stage. In this experiment, two Indica parental lines N22 (heat tolerant) and BIM (heat sensitive) along  with their F2 hybrid were elucidated under different high temperatures (28 °C, 35 °C, and 42 °C) at the seedling stage.

Results

The results indicated that the F2 hybrid inherited the heat tolerance rate from the male heat-tolerant N22 parent. Based on phenological and physiological attributes, the F2 hybrid exhibited excessive-performance as compared to its BIM parent under different high-temperature conditions. Specifically, absorbing the ample available water through the long-rooted system enabled rice seedlings to carry out high transpirational cooling. Furthermore, there was a strong relationship (r = 0.89, p < 0.01) between root length and transpiration rate under 42 °C. The temperature 35–42 °C caused a significant reduction in seedlings’ growth, chlorophyll content, and survival rate (18–20%), while the relative heat injury percentage and leaf temperature increased in heat-sensitive BIM parent as compared to F2 hybrid.

Conclusion

This study suggests that the breeding of heat-tolerant hybrid rice plays an important role in the production of a resilient rice plant through heat-tolerant seedlings at the initial vegetative growth stage.
Identifying high-risk over-entitlement in access control policies using fuzzy logic
Authors: Parkinson Simon , Khana Saad
Published: March 2022

Analysing access control policies is an essential process for ensuring over-prescribed permissions are identified and removed. This is a time-consuming and knowledge-intensive process, largely because there is a wealth of policy information that needs to be manually examined. Furthermore, there is no standard definition of what constitutes an over-entitled permission within an organisation’s access control policy, making it not possible to develop automated rule-based approaches. It is often the case that over-entitled permissions are subjective to an organisation’s role-based structure, where access is be divided and managed based on different employee needs. In this context, an irregular permission could be one where an employee has frequently changed roles, thus accumulating a wide-ranging set of permissions. There is no one size fits all approach to identifying permissions where an employee is receiving more permission than is necessary, and it is necessary to examine them in the context of the organisation to establish their individual risk. Risk is not a binary measure and, in this work, an approach is built using Fuzzy Logic to determine an overall risk rating, which can then be used to make a more informed decision as to whether a user is over-entitled and presenting risk to the organisation. This requires the exploratory use of establishing resource sensitivity and user trust as measures to determine a risk rating. The paper presents a generic solution, which has been implemented to perform experimental analysis on Microsoft’s New Technology File System to show how this works in practice. A simulation using expert knowledge for comparison is then performed to demonstrate how effective it is at helping the user identify potential irregular permissions.
Relationship between work–family conflict, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms among mental health nurses
Authors: Mohamed Bothina Elsayed Said , Ghaith Rehab Fathy Abdel Hady , Ahmed Hanem Ahmed AbdElkhalek
Published: March 2022

Background

Nursing has a reputation for being one of the most stressful occupations. As a result of their work, many nurses suffer from anxiety and depression. Nurses are also at risk of poor sleep owing to their work nature. This study aimed to examine the relationship between work–family conflict, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms among mental health nurses. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was utilized in this study. Setting/sample: This study was conducted at El Azazi Hospital for Mental Health, Al-Sharkia Governorate on 139 mental health nurses. Four tools were used in this study: Socio-demographic data sheet, Work–Family Conflict Scale, Arabic Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Arabic Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.

Results

Results revealed that, a significant percentage of mental health nurses suffered from poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms, there were highly statistically significantly positive correlations between work–family conflict (WFC) and both of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and depressive symptoms among nurses.

Conclusions

Working with psychiatric patients affected their nurses, which disturbed their sleep quality and led to depressive symptoms. As well, increasing work–family conflict in mental health nurses leads to poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Family interference with work, sleep quality, and work interference with family were statistically significant predictors of depressive symptoms.
Barriers and facilitative factors in the implementation of workplace health promotion activities in small and medium-sized enterprises: a qualitative study
Authors: Saito Junko , Odawara Miyuki , Takahashi Hirokazu , Fujimori Maiko , Yaguchi-Saito Akiko , Inoue Manami , Uchitomi Yosuke , Shimazu Taichi
Published: March 2022

Background

There is an immense difference between large companies and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in implementation of evidence-based interventions (EBIs). Previous literature reveals various barriers that SMEs face during implementation, such as a lack of time, accessibility, and resources. However, few studies have comprehensively examined those influential factors at multi-levels. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the implementation of non-communicable disease prevention activities (tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity, and health check-up) in SMEs using Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Methods

We conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with health managers and/or employers in 15 enterprises with less than 300 employees, and four focus groups among public health nurses/nutritionists of health insurers who support SMEs in four prefectures across Japan. A qualitative content analysis by a deductive directed approach was performed. After coding the interview transcript text into the CFIR framework constructs by two independent researchers, the coding results were compared and revised in each enterprise until an agreement was reached.

Results

Of the 39 CFIR constructs, 25 were facilitative and 7 were inhibitory for workplace health promotion implementation in SMEs, which were across individual, internal, and external levels. In particular, the leadership engagement of employers in implementing the workplace health promotion activities was identified as a fundamental factor which may influence other facilitators, including “access to knowledge and information,” “relative priority,” “learning climate,” at organizational level, and “self-efficacy” at the health manager level. The main barrier was the beliefs held by the employer/manager that “health management is one’s own responsibility.”

Conclusions

Multi-level factors influencing the implementation of non-communicable diseases prevention activities in SMEs were identified. In resource-poor settings, strong endorsement and support, and positive feedback from employers would be important for health managers and employees to be highly motivated and promote or participate in health promotion. Future studies are needed to develop context-specific strategies based on identified barriers and facilitative factors, and empirically evaluate them, which would contribute to narrowing the differences in worksite health promotion implementation by company size.
Detection of surface defects and subsurface defects of polished optics with multisensor image fusion
Authors: Sun Huanyu , Wang Shiling , Hu Xiaobo , Liu Hongjie , Zhou Xiaoyan , Huang Jin , Cheng Xinglei , Sun Feng , Liu Yubo , Liu Dong
Published: March 2022

Surface defects (SDs) and subsurface defects (SSDs) are the key factors decreasing the laser damage threshold of optics. Due to the spatially stacked structure, accurately detecting and distinguishing them has become a major challenge. Herein a detection method for SDs and SSDs with multisensor image fusion is proposed. The optics is illuminated by a laser under dark field condition, and the defects are excited to generate scattering and fluorescence lights, which are received by two image sensors in a wide-field microscope. With the modified algorithms of image registration and feature-level fusion, different types of defects are identified and extracted from the scattering and fluorescence images. Experiments show that two imaging modes can be realized simultaneously by multisensor image fusion, and HF etching verifies that SDs and SSDs of polished optics can be accurately distinguished. This method provides a more targeted reference for the evaluation and control of the defects of optics, and exhibits potential in the application of material surface research.
Determination of near-surface shear-velocity structure based on the joint inversion of Rayleigh-wave dispersion and ellipticity from multistation active-seismic records
Authors: Xu Hongrui , Yin Xiaofei , Qi Qiaomu , Mi Binbin , Sun Shida , Luo Yinhe
Published: March 2022

The dispersive characteristics of high-frequency (≥2 Hz) Rayleigh waves have been widely applied to determine subsurface shear velocity ([Formula: see text]). However, the [Formula: see text] of the high-velocity surface layers (e.g., rigid roads in urban areas) and underlying layers is poorly constrained in the Rayleigh-wave dispersion inversion. Compared to the phase velocity, the Rayleigh-wave horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) ratios of particle motion (i.e., ellipticity) are particularly sensitive to shallow [Formula: see text] structures. Therefore, we have proposed a robust method for obtaining near-surface [Formula: see text] structures by inverting Rayleigh-wave dispersion and H/V data. Initially, we separate the fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves from the active-seismic records using a high-resolution linear Radon transformation method. Then, we extract the high-frequency H/V and interstation phase traveltimes from the separated fundamental mode using deconvolution interferometry and the frequency-time analysis method. Based on the phase traveltimes, we calculate the phase velocity dispersion using ray-based tomography. Finally, we perform the joint inversion of dispersion and H/V data to obtain the [Formula: see text] structure. According to the inversion results of synthetic and field data, the accuracy of the [Formula: see text] in the rigid surface layer and underlying layers is considerably improved. We find that the joint inversion of Rayleigh-wave phase velocity dispersion and H/V data from surface-wave surveys is a useful tool for accurately determining the complex shallow [Formula: see text] structures.
Late Recurrence Following Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Thomas Alexandra , Parsons Heather A. , Smith Karen Lisa
Published: March 2022

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors' suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.
With, Without, Even Still: Frederick Douglass,L’Union, and Editorship Studies
Authors: Casey Jim , Salter Sarah H.
Published: March 2022

This essay calls for the concerted study of editorship as a distinct mode of cultural expression. Given that the collaborative craft of editors is often invisible, the study of editorship requires attending to the practices, habits, and techniques of editing as themselves historically contingent and significant objects of inquiry. This essay analyzes a cross section of editorial practices in 1862 when a controversy during the Civil War over slavery and emancipation entangled editors from Horace Greeley and Frederick Douglass to their less conspicuous peers at L’Union (a bilingual, Black Creole weekly in New Orleans). These examples reveal the practical language of editorship expressed through serial formats. By reading editing on its own terms, in the patterns of established formats and formal innovations, it becomes possible to envision the broader study of editorship not only for nineteenth-century Black, Latinx, Indigenous, and multilingual print cultures but also in the wider firmaments of literary and cultural history.
From Sexual Harassment to Gender Violence at Work: The ILO's Road to Convention #190
Authors: Boris Eileen
Published: March 2022

This article considers the political, social, and institutional forces behind the ILO's “Violence and Harassment Convention, 2019 (No. 190).” It traces the competing terms—worker protection, women's equality, and human rights—by which sexual harassment emerged as a proper subject for international action and how violence became the most acceptable framework for redress. With the plight of domestic workers dramatizing the issue, it took concerted efforts of women in the international labor movement, along with feminist staff within the ILO and key delegates to its International Labour Conference, to win a new labor standard.
Retreatment Strategies in Aneurysm Woven Endobridge Recurrences: A Case Series
Authors: Abbas Rawad , El Naamani Kareem , Sweid Ahmad , Birkenstock Lyena , Ruiz Ramon , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Gooch M. Reid , Herial Nabeel A. , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Jabbour Pascal
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:

The treatment of wide-necked and bifurcation aneurysms has become a common indication for the Woven Endobridge (WEB) device. In many instances, WEB embolization fails and retreatment strategies for the recanalized aneurysms have not been established and may be challenging.

OBJECTIVE:

To report an experience with retreatment strategies after WEB failure in 7 cases involving various aneurysm shapes, sizes, and location using multiple strategies including endovascular modalities and microsurgical clip ligation.

METHODS:

Data were retrospectively collected from 1 high-volume cerebrovascular center for 7 patients treated with a WEB device for an aneurysm who subsequently required retreatment for that same aneurysm from 2015 through January 2021.

RESULTS:

We identified 7 patients with WEB recurrences over a period of 6 years. Four patients initially presented with incidental findings, whereas 3 patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. One patient was lost to follow-up and presented with a rerupture, whereas the 6 other patients were diagnosed with routine follow-up. Two patients received clip ligation, 2 had simple coil embolization, 1 had stent-assisted coil embolization, 1 had a flow-diverting stent, and 1 patient required 2 retreatments; he received stent-assisted coil embolization for the first retreatment and a simple coil embolization for the second retreatment. All patients had excellent angiographic outcomes and no complications.

CONCLUSION:

The authors conclude that aneurysm recurrence after WEB is very diverse, and no single modality can properly address all recurrences. Rather, an individualized approach based on aneurysm features, neurointerventionalist expertise, and patient preference should be implemented.
DNMT1 is a negative regulator of osteogenesis
Authors: Tao Chen , Liu Jia , Li Ziqi , Lai Pinglin , Zhang Sheng , Qu Jiankun , Tang Yujin , Liu Anling , Zou Zhipeng , Bai Xiaochun , Li Jianwei
Published: March 2022

The role and underlying mechanisms of DNA methylation in osteogenesis/chondrogenesis remain poorly understood. We here reveal DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which is responsible for copying DNA methylation onto the newly synthesized DNA strand after DNA replication, is overexpressed in sponge bone of people and mice with senile osteoporosis and required for suppression of osteoblast (OB) differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoprogenitors. Depletion of DNMT1 results in demethylation at the promoters of key osteogenic genes such as RORA and Fgfr2, and consequent upregulation of their transcription in vitro. Mechanistically, DNMT1 binds exactly to the promoters of these genes and are responsible for their 5-mc methylation. Conversely, simultaneous depletion of RORA or Fgfr2 blunts the effects of DNMT1 silencing on OB differentiation, suggesting RORA or Fgfr2 may be crucial for modulating osteogenic differentiation downstream of DNMT1. Collectively, these results reveal DNMT1 as a key repressor of OB differentiation and bone formation while providing us a new rationale for specific inhibition of DNMT1 as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat age-related bone loss.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI can quantitatively identify malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma
Authors: Li Zheng , Xian Mu , Guo Jian , Wang Cheng shuo , Zhang Luo , Xian Junfang
Published: March 2022

Objective:

To investigate the diagnostic performance of quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating sinonasal inverted papilloma (SIP) from SIP with coexisting malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma (MT-SIP).

Methods:

This retrospective study included 122 patients with 88 SIP and 34 MT-SIP. Quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters derived from DCE-MRI were compared between SIP and MT-SIP. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent indicators and construct regression model for distinguishing MT-SIP and SIP. Diagnostic performance of independent indicators and regression model were evaluated using receiver operating coefficient (ROC) analysis and compared using DeLong test.

Results:

There were significant differences in maximum slope of increase, contrast-enhancement ratio, bolus arrival time, volume of extravascular extracellular space (Ve), and rate constant (Kep) between SIP and MT-SIP (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in initial area under the gadolinium curve (p = 0.174) and volume transfer constant (p = 0.105) between two groups. Multivariate analysis results showed that Ve and Kep were identified as the independent indicators for differentiating MT-SIP from SIP (p < 0.001). Areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) for predicting MT-SIP were 0.779 for Ve and 0.766 for Kep. The AUC of the combination of Ve and Kep was 0.831, yielding 83% specificity and 76.5% sensitivity.

Conclusion:

DCE-MRI can quantitatively differentiate between MT-SIP and SIP. The combination of Ve and Kep yielded an optimal performance for discriminating SIP from its malignant mimics.

Advances in knowledge:

DCE-MRI with quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters can provide valuable evidences for quantitatively identifying MT-SIP.
Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on the severity of atopic dermatitis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hidayati Afif Nurul , Sawitri Sawitri , Sari Desiana Widityaning , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Indramaya Diah Mira , Damayanti Damayanti , Zulkarnain Iskandar , Citrashanty Irmadita , Widia Yuri , Anggraeni Sylvia
Published: March 2022

Background: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a common dermatosis in children, that includes skin architecture defects, immune dysregulation, and changes of skin flora. Several new drugs have been found to reduce the severity of AD. Vitamin D is one of the new therapies that is still controversial. The purpose of this research is to conclude the efficacy of vitamin D on atopic dermatitis severity in children aged 0-18 years old.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted on the PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Clinical Trial website, and university repositories including studies published from January 2010 through October 2020. We compared populations, intervention, study design, and outcomes. Statistical analysis was done with Review Manager 5.4.1.

Results: Eight articles met eligibility and inclusion criteria, four articles provided complete data and were analysed. Not all studies demonstrated the efficacy of vitamin D but a meta-analysis of four studies of vitamin D supplementation vs placebo found a mean difference of -0.93 (95%CI -1.76, to -0.11, p<0.001) of patient outcome, but statistically, there was no difference in cure rate (risk ratio 1.46 (95%CI 0.72, to 2.97, p=0.008) in vitamin D supplementation groups compared to placebo groups.

Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation in paediatric atopic dermatitis patients could offer improvement of disease severity but the recommended dose and duration of administration cannot be concluded yet.
Effect of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle strength, post-operative pulmonary complications and pulmonary function in abdominal surgery- Evidence from systematic reviews.
Authors: Amaravadi Sampath Kumar , Shah Khyati , Samuel Stephen Rajan , N Ravishankar
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) following abdominal surgery are common in patients owing to patient-related and procedure-related risk factors. Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) along with various chest physiotherapy manipulations and adjuncts have been proven to reduce PPCs. Current evidence suggests that IMT proves beneficial in reducing PPCs without additional management in varying types of surgeries.  The objective of this review was to synthesize the findings from systematic reviews that evaluate the effectiveness of IMT on abdominal surgery and assess their methodological quality.

Methods

This review was formed following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42020177876, OSF registry: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/K8NGV). A comprehensive search strategy identifying the effectiveness of IMT on abdominal surgery was developed using electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane database of a systematic review, and ClinicalKey. Methodological quality assessment was done using AMSTAR 2 tool. Data on characteristics of intervention and outcome measures were extracted.

Results

The search yielded 1249 articles, out of which 4 systematic reviews and meta-analysis; reviewing 9 randomized controlled trials; met the inclusion criteria. The most-reported outcome measures were respiratory muscle strength, PPCs, and pulmonary function tests. The overall quality of systematic reviews reported was high. The results for meta-analysis conducted on outcome measure PPCs, i.e., atelectasis and pneumonia reported RR=0.40 (95%CI 0.19 to 0.88), I2=0%, and RR=0.41 (95%CI 0.41 to 1.19), I2=0% respectively and maximum inspiratory pressure was MD=4.97, (95% CI -5.07 to 15.01), I2= 53%.

Conclusions

The review concluded that IMT is a beneficial intervention when given 2 weeks before surgery for a minimum of 15 minutes in reducing PPCs. However, factors concerning breathing cycles, respiratory flow, and rest interval should be observed for better management.
Defining discovery: Is Google Scholar a discovery platform? An essay on the need for a new approach to scholarly discovery
Authors: Achenbach Kelly , Błaszczyńska Marta , De Paoli Stefano , Di Donato Francesca , Dumouchel Suzanne , Forbes Paula , Kraker Peter , Vignoli Michela
Published: March 2022

This essay discusses the concept of discovery, intended as content discovery, and defines it in the new context of Open Science, with a focus on Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH). Starting from the example of Google Scholar, the authors argue that this well-established service does not address the current needs, practices, and variety of discovery. Alternatives in terms of technical choices, features, and governance, do however exist, offering richer and more open discovery. The paper presents, in particular, the implementations and research work of the H2020 project TRIPLE (Transforming Research through Innovative Practices for Linked Interdisciplinary Exploration). Dedicated to the building of a discovery platform for the SSH, the project is meant to address the specificities and evolution of discovery in this field. Prevailing scholarly resource platforms like Google Scholar limit discovery by focussing only on publications, and favouring through their algorithm well-cited papers, English content, and discipline-specific resources. A limitation in the context of cross-disciplinary and collaborative Open Science, such a service more specifically hinders discovery in the SSH. Characterized by a fragmented landscape, a variety of languages, data types, and outputs, research in the SSH requires services that fully exploit discovery potentialities. Moreover, a survey conducted within the TRIPLE project showed that most SSH researchers use Google Scholar as their starting point, and that they recognise the lack of control they have with this system. Beyond the extension of features and content, transparency is the other important criterion for the building of an open infrastructure serving the research community. In light of this, we present the GoTriple platform, which exploits today’s technological potential and incorporates the best known functionalities, in order to unveil more and innovative scholarly outputs and lead to international and interdisciplinary research project collaborations.
Low diagnostic yield and time to diagnostic confirmation results in prolonged use of antimicrobials in critically ill children
Authors: Clark John , White Deborah , Daubney Esther , Curran Martin , Bousfield Rachel , Gouliouris Theodore , Powell Elizabeth , Palmer Adam , Agrawal Shruti , Inwald David , Kean Iain , Török M. Estée , Baker Stephen , Pathan Nazima
Published: March 2022

Background: Broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance. Here, we aimed to review indications for antimicrobial therapy, determine the proportion of suspected bacterial infections that are confirmed by culture, and assess the time taken for microbiology test results to become available in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Methods: A single-centre prospective observational cohort study of 100 consecutive general PICU admissions from 30 October 2019 to 19 February 2020. Data were collected from the hospital medical record and entered into a study database prior to statistical analysis using standard methods.

Results: Of all episodes of suspected infection, 22% of lower respiratory tract infection, 43% of bloodstream and 0% of central nervous system infection were associated with growth on microbiology culture. 90% of children received antimicrobial therapy. Hospital-acquired infection occurred less commonly than primary infection, but an organism was grown in a greater proportion (64%) of cultures. Final laboratory reports for negative cultures were issued at a median of 120.3 hours for blood cultures and 55.5 hours for endotracheal tube aspirate cultures.

Conclusions: Despite most critically children receiving antimicrobial therapy, infection was often not microbiologically confirmed. Novel molecular diagnostics may improve rationalisation of treatment in this population.
Pandemic preparedness and responsiveness of research review committees: lessons from review of COVID-19 protocols at KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme in Kenya
Authors: Hinga Alex , Jeena Lisha , Awuor Esther , Kahindi Jane , Munene Marianne , Kinyanjui Samson , Molyneux Sassy , Marsh Vicki , Kamuya Dorcas
Published: March 2022

Background: The scale of the COVID-19 pandemic and novelty of SARS-CoV-2 presented unprecedented challenges in the review of COVID-19 protocols. We investigated how research at the Kenya Medical Research Institute - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP) was reviewed, including by institutional and national level committees.

Methods: A document review and in-depth interviews with researchers, regulators and research reviewers were conducted. Documents reviewed included research logs of all protocols submitted between April-1-2020 and March-31-2021, feedback letters from review committees for 10 new COVID-19 protocols (n=42), and minutes from 35 COVID-19 research review meetings. Fifteen in-depth interviews were conducted with respondents purposively selected because of their experience of developing or reviewing COVID-19 protocols at the institution level (n=9 researchers, engagement officers and regulators) or their experience in reviewing proposals at a national-level (n=6 committee members). Data were managed and analyzed using MS Excel and NVivo12.

Results: Between April-1-2020 and March-31-2021, 30 COVID-19-related submissions by KWTRP researchers were approved. Changes to the review system included strengthening the online system for protocol submission and review, recruiting more reviewers, and trialing a joint review process. The turnaround time from submission to national approval/rejection over this period was faster than pre-pandemic, but slower than the national committee’s target. COVID-19-specific ethics questions centred on: virtual informed consent and data collection; COVID-19 prevention, screening and testing procedures; and the challenges of study design and community engagement during the pandemic.

Conclusions: The unprecedented challenges of the pandemic and added bureaucratic requirements created a more complex review process and delayed final approval of research protocols. The feasibility of conducting joint review of research during public health emergencies in Kenya needs further investigation. Consideration of the unique COVID-19 ethics issues raised in this paper might aid expedience in current and future reviews.
Bayesian Optimization Allowing for Common Random Numbers
Authors: Pearce Michael Arthur Leopold , Poloczek Matthias , Branke Juergen
Published: March 2022

More Efficient Bayesian Optimization Through the Use of Common Random Numbers

Bayesian optimization is a powerful tool for expensive stochastic black-box optimization problems, such as simulation-based optimization or hyperparameter tuning in machine learning systems. In “Bayesian Optimization Allowing for Common Random Numbers,” Pearce, Poloczek, and Branke show how explicitly modeling the random seed in the Gaussian process surrogate model allows Bayesian optimization to exploit the structure in the noise and benefit from variance reduction provided by common random numbers. The proposed knowledge gradient with common random numbers acquisition function iteratively determines a combination of input and random seed to evaluate the objective. It automatically trades off reusing old seeds to benefit from the variance reduction through common random numbers and querying new seeds to avoid bias because of a small number of seeds. The proposed algorithm is analyzed theoretically and empirically shows superior performance compared with previous approaches on various test problems.
Label Halal dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Maha Bakery di Kota Pontianak
Authors: Kalbarini Rahmah Yulisa
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu: 1) Mengetahui pendapatan di toko Maha Bakery sebelum dan sesudah adanya label halal. 2) Untuk mengetahui apakah label halal berdampak pada harga produk di toko Maha Bakery. Metode penelitian dalam ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ialah: 1) Pendapatan Maha Bakery sebelum adanya label halal ialah stabil. Kemudian setelah Maha Bakery mendapatkan label halal pendapatannya mengalami peningkatan. Adanya label halal pada produk Maha Bakery dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan konsumen pada produknya, sehingga berdampak pada tingkat penjualan dan pendapatannya. 2) Harga produk yang ditawarkan Maha Bakery kepada konsumen cukup terjangkau sehingga menarik minat konsumen. Setelah adanya label halal beberapa produk roti di Maha Bakery juga mengalami perubahan harga, namun kenaikan harga tersebut bukan disebabkan oleh adanya label halal MUI melainkan dikarenakan adanya bahan baku yang mengalami kenaikan harga.
Nuevas formas de docencia en Historia Antigua: Estrategias lúdicas educativas. Teoría y práctica
Authors: Sánchez Domínguez Víctor , Álvarez Melero Anthony , Álvarez-Ossorio Rivas Alfonso
Published: March 2022

Presentamos el diseño, aplicación y evaluación de dos proyectos de innovación docente aplicados en los cursos 17-18 y 18/19. Estos tenían como objetivos investigar la aplicación de nuevas metodologías docentes de carácter lúdico en la asignatura Fundamentos de Historia, impartida en el grado de Educación Primaria, y aumentar la motivación, la participación y el estudio.
Para analizar el impacto de metodologías lúdicas se han llevado diferentes líneas de acción:
• Introducción de la plataforma Kahoot y el juego Timeline como elementos de evaluación y repaso gamificados.
• Introducción del role-play por medio del diseño, aplicación y análisis de una actividad de rol en vivo evaluada por medio de un cuestionario online.
Estas metodologías mejoraron en proceso de asimilación y motivación gracias al Kahoot y produjeron un alto grado de satisfacción con el role-play, aunque es necesario seguir trabajando en este y evaluar el impacto de Timeline.
Actively tunable terahertz metasurface absorber due to surface phonon polaritons
Authors: Gao Feng Wei , Sui Chao , Zhou Sheng , Fu Shu Fang , Wang Xuan , Song Yu Ling , Zhang Qiang , Liang Hong , Wang Xuan Zhang
Published: March 2022

A tunable terahertz (THz) metasurface (MS) absorber based on the surface phonon polariton (SPhP) is proposed based on a layered structure that consists of a split-silver-ring array followed by a graphene layer, polar crystal layer, and silver layer. A dynamically tunable, polarization-independent, and angle-insensitive MS absorber is numerically investigated at THz frequencies. By changing the Fermi energy of graphene from 0 to 1.0 eV, the state of the absorber can switch between the OFF state (with an absorptivity above 90%) and ON state (with an absorptance below 3%). The switching intensity (SI) of the absorber remains greater than 80% for TE incidence wave with incident angles from 0° to 70° and for TM incidence wave incident angles from 0° to 40° in the frequency range from 2.74 to 3.51 THz. These results should be helpful in guiding the design of THz tunable devices such as optical switches, smart absorbers, and imaging.
Inhomogeneous acoustic grating model for stimulated Brillouin scattering
Authors: Jia Xiaohong , Luo Ningning , Hao Zhongqi , Xu Jinjun , He Xingdao , Shi Jiulin
Published: March 2022

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is well recognized as being useful in quantum information processing, optical fiber sensing, and LIDAR remote sensing. Here an inhomogeneous acoustic grating model based on coupled wave and dielectric grating theories is established to analyze the SBS process in water. The acoustic grating modulation process was theoretically analyzed based on the proposed model. The results show that variations of the Stokes peak intensity, frequency shift, and linewidth of SBS in water depend on the cosinusoidal refractive index modulation and periodic modulation of the acoustic grating. To verify the theoretical simulation results, an experimental system was designed to measure the SBS process in seawater with different temperatures and salinities. Theoretical results show coincidence with experimental values in the variation trend, and the numerical difference is about 10 MHz per degree Celsius or one thousandth of salinity. This work is essential to future applications of SBS in quantum communication, fiber sensing, and LIDAR technology.
Single-chip hybrid integrated silicon photonics transmitter based on passive alignment
Authors: Wang Mingjin , Liu Wenzhen , Xu Yuanbo , Fu Ting , Chen Jingxuan , Zheng Wanhua
Published: March 2022

A single-chip hybrid integrated silicon photonics transmitter based on passive alignment flip-chip bonding technology has been demonstrated. The transmitter is developed by the hybrid integration of a C-band slotted laser with 1 mm cavity length and a Mach–Zehnder modulator with 2 mm long phase shifter. A 3 dB bandwidth of the small signal response is 16.35 GHz at 5.99 VPP superimposed with a reverse bias voltage of 2.43 V. A 25 Gbps data transmission experiment of the hybrid integrated transmitter is performed at 25°C.
Spontaneous parametric downconversion in linearly uncoupled resonators
Authors: Zatti Luca , Bergamasco Nicola , Lomonte Emma , Lenzini Francesco , Pernice Wolfram , Liscidini Marco
Published: March 2022

We study degenerate spontaneous parametric downconversion in a structure composed of two linearly uncoupled resonators, in which the linear properties of the fundamental and second-harmonic field can be engineered independently. As an example, we show that in this system it is simple to generate photon pairs that are nearly uncorrelated in energy. These results extend the use of linearly uncoupled resonators to the case of second-order nonlinear interactions.
Deep-learning-based 3D object salient detection via light-field integral imaging
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Tianhao , Liao Yanheng , Li Da-Hai , Li Xiaowei
Published: March 2022

This Letter proposes an effective light-field 3D saliency object detection (SOD) method, which is inspired by the idea that the spatial and angular information inherent in a light-field implicitly contains the geometry and reflection characteristics of the observed scene. These characteristics can provide effective background clues and depth information for 3D saliency reconstruction, which can greatly improve the accuracy of object detection and recognition. We use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect the saliency of each elemental image (EI) with different viewpoints in an elemental image array (EIA) and the salient EIA is reconstructed by using a micro-lens array, forming a 3D salient map in the reconstructed space. Experimental results show that our method can generate high-quality 3D saliency maps and can be observed simultaneously from different angles and positions.
Pulsating dynamics in a pure-quartic soliton fiber laser
Authors: Zhang Ze-Xian , Luo Min , Chen Ji-Xiang , Chen Lu-Hui , Liu Meng , Luo Ai-Ping , Xu Wen-Cheng , Luo Zhi-Chao
Published: March 2022

We numerically investigate the pulsating dynamics of pure-quartic solitons (PQSs) in a passively mode-locked fiber laser. The bifurcation diagrams show that the PQS can alternate between the stable single soliton and pulsating regimes multiple times before transiting into the chaotic state. This multi-alternation behavior can be attributed to energy redistribution across the central part and the oscillating tails of the PQS, which is caused by an imperfect counterbalance between self-phase modulation (SPM)-induced and fourth-order dispersion (FOD)-induced phase shifts. Soliton creeping behavior can be observed during the pulsating process, accompanied by periodic asymmetric temporal profiles and central wavelength shifts of the PQS. These findings give new insights into the dynamics of PQSs in fiber lasers.
Highly sensitive refractive index sensor based on plastic optical fiber balloon structure
Authors: Aruna Gandhi M. S. , Zhao Yuanfang , Huang Chenxingyu , Zhang Yuan , Fu H. Y. , Li Qian
Published: March 2022

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, design of plastic optical fiber (POF) balloon-based refractive index sensor for the detection of different concentrations of sodium chloride is proposed and experimentally investigated. The experimental characterization supports the finding that the transmission loss is sensitive to the external environment’s targeted refractive index changes of the analyte. The proposed sensor achieves a maximum intensity-based sensitivity of 3105 RIU−1, resolution of 3.22 ×10−7, and the figure of merit (FOM) is 326 RIU−1 from 2 to 2.5 Mol/L of the analyte with the chosen refractive index changes at 680 nm for a diameter D = 0.1 cm of the POF balloon structure. Furthermore, a high linear performance of 0.9896 is achieved with good robustness against the fabrication imperfection. The ultra-sensitiveness to the refractive index with a simple demonstration of the POF balloon-based structure has potential applications in the chemical, biological, and food safety sensing fields.
Pulse shaping by spectral-domain polarization gratings
Authors: Pillinen Elvis , Koivurova Matias , Turunen Jari
Published: March 2022

We consider the spectral-domain counterparts of spatial-domain polarization gratings and study their effect on the temporal evolution of femtosecond-scale light pulses. These devices divide an incident light pulse to several orders via spectral polarization modulation, permitting pulse splitting and shaping with controlled time-domain polarization dynamics.
Planar wide-angle-imaging camera enabled by metalens array
Authors: Chen Ji , Ye Xin , Gao Shenglun , Chen Yuxin , Zhao Yunwei , Huang Chunyu , Qiu Kai , Zhu Shining , Li Tao
Published: March 2022

Wide-angle imaging is an important function in photography and
projection, but it also places high demands on the design of the
imaging components of a camera. To eliminate the coma caused by the
focusing of large-angle incident light, traditional wide-angle camera
lenses are composed of complex optical components. Here, we propose a
planar camera for wide-angle imaging with a silicon nitride metalens
array mounted on a CMOS image sensor. By carefully designing proper
phase profiles for metalenses with intentionally introduced shifted
phase terms, the whole lens array is capable of capturing a scene with
a large viewing angle and negligible distortion or aberrations. After
a stitching process, we obtained a large viewing angle image with a
range of

>

120

∘

using a compact planar camera. Our
device demonstrates the advantages of metalenses in flexible phase
design and compact integration, and the prospects for future imaging
technology.
The microprotein Nrs1 rewires the G1/S transcriptional machinery during nitrogen limitation in budding yeast
Authors: Tollis Sylvain , Singh Jaspal , Palou Roger , Thattikota Yogitha , Ghazal Ghada , Coulombe-Huntington Jasmin , Tang Xiaojing , Moore Susan , Blake Deborah , Bonneil Eric , Royer Catherine A. , Thibault Pierre , Tyers Mike
Published: March 2022

Commitment to cell division at the end of G1 phase, termed Start in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is strongly influenced by nutrient availability. To identify new dominant activators of Start that might operate under different nutrient conditions, we screened a genome-wide ORF overexpression library for genes that bypass a Start arrest caused by absence of the G1 cyclin Cln3 and the transcriptional activator Bck2. We recovered a hypothetical gene YLR053c, renamed NRS1 for Nitrogen-Responsive Start regulator 1, which encodes a poorly characterized 108 amino acid microprotein. Endogenous Nrs1 was nuclear-localized, restricted to poor nitrogen conditions, induced upon TORC1 inhibition, and cell cycle-regulated with a peak at Start. NRS1 interacted genetically with SWI4 and SWI6, which encode subunits of the main G1/S transcription factor complex SBF. Correspondingly, Nrs1 physically interacted with Swi4 and Swi6 and was localized to G1/S promoter DNA. Nrs1 exhibited inherent transactivation activity, and fusion of Nrs1 to the SBF inhibitor Whi5 was sufficient to suppress other Start defects. Nrs1 appears to be a recently evolved microprotein that rewires the G1/S transcriptional machinery under poor nitrogen conditions.