bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Street art et mise en tourisme de la métropole parisienne, des festivals aux street art tours
Authors: Blanchard Sophie , Talamoni Romain
Published: August 2018

Le street art est l’objet de formes de mise en tourisme dans la métropole parisienne. À Paris et en proche banlieue, à la suite de l’émergence d’expositions et de festivals de street art, des visites guidées sur le thème du street art se sont multipliées. Ces promenades urbaines, souvent présentées sous l’appellation de street art tours, mobilisent des acteurs privés et visent un public diversifié, des Parisiens curieux aux touristes passant par la plate-forme de logement Airbnb. Les street art tours contribuent à la mise en tourisme des quartiers gentrifiés ou en rénovation de la métropole, tout en s’inscrivant dans des rapports de pouvoir entrecroisés.
Les Magasins généraux : de spot à vandales à spot publicitaire ?
Authors: Ananos Constance
Published: August 2018

Cet article prend comme cas d’étude la réhabilitation des Magasins généraux à Pantin, ville limitrophe à la capitale française et appartenant au département de la Seine-Saint-Denis (93). Il s’attarde sur le processus de transformation urbaine du bâtiment, de son état de friche à celui de spot du graffiti et du street art pour devenir ensuite un centre culturel géré par l’agence publicitaire BETC Paris. Lors de ce processus de transformation, le graffiti et le street art sont mobilisés comme des outils de valorisation symbolique du territoire. Ce faisant, ils permettent aussi de légitimer la création du lieu institutionnel et la mise en place à sa tête d’un acteur original qui s’inscrit ainsi dans les processus de production et de médiation culturelles et urbaines à l’échelle métropolitaine. En utilisant l’art comme outil de développement économique, l’agence publicitaire aussi bien que les acteurs territoriaux publics favorise l’émergence du modèle socio-économique de la ville créative.
Localisation du dispositif de recherche de l'Inra , argumentaire et enjeux de 1946 à 2006
Authors: Sauveur Bernard
Published: August 2018

Le développement de l’Inra entre 1946 et la fin des années soixante-dix, s’est traduit par la création de seize centres de recherche sous l’effet conjugué d’argumentaires scientifiques et des politiques d’aménagement du territoire. « Bon élève » de la décentralisation, l’Inra a bénéficié des lois de régionalisation à partir de 1982. Le soutien à des productions agricoles spécialisées a aussi conduit à la prolifération de stations et domaines expérimentaux isolés, précédant d’inévitables regroupements. De nouvelles formes de coopération ont permis, après 1990, de répondre aux demandes régionales sans création de structures permanentes.
Using ICT for ESL Learning at Primary Schools
Authors: Thanh Trinh Ngoc
Published: August 2018

This chapter reveals a pragmatic focus on the issue of classroom communication under the affordance of ICT. Placing the specific context for ESL learning at primary schools, the interlink between the five Cs of modern learning theory and three core components technology, theory, and pedagogy in computer-assisted language learning frames critical consideration for three key areas: (1) facilitating exploratory talk, (2) enhancing collaboration in learning, and (3) exchanging communication. Examples are selected to demonstrate the above dimensions and to address teaching with ICT implementation in ESL context. This chapter ends with an evaluation for the effectiveness of ICT implementation in the domain of teaching implementation for ESL primary learners.
Flipping the Classroom
Authors: Abdulkhakimova Kamiya
Published: August 2018

The chapter explores and describes the use of flipping the classroom approach in a Kazakhstani university language class. Flipping the classroom means that students gain first exposure to new material outside of class, depending on the preferred learning style it happens via reading or lecture videos, and then use class time to do the harder work of assimilating that knowledge, perhaps through problem solving, discussion, or debates. The idea that lies behind this approach is not new. However, the access to these reading and writing materials using digital technology is relatively new. The research question of this study was, How does flipping the classroom work in the language classroom? In law schools, for example, the approach was a traditional way of teaching in which students prepared ahead of time to participate in Socratic seminars.
A Study and Comparison of Sentiment Analysis Techniques Using Demonetization
Authors: Mohbey Krishna Kumar , Bakariya Brijesh , Kalal Vishakha
Published: August 2018

Sentiment analysis is an analytical approach that is used for text analysis. The aim of sentiment analysis is to determine the opinion and subjectivity of any opinion, review, or tweet. The aim of this chapter is to study and compare some of the techniques used to classify opinions using sentiment analysis. In this chapter, different techniques of sentiment analysis have been discussed with the case study of demonetization in India during 2016. Based on the sentiment analysis, people's opinion can be classified on different polarities such as positive, negative, or neutral. These techniques will be classified on different categories based on size of data, document type, and availability. In addition, this chapter also discusses various applications of sentiment analysis techniques in different domains.
Sentimental Analysis in Various Business Applications
Authors: Patel Harshita , Josephine B. Manjula
Published: August 2018

Data mining has given many solutions to various data- and information-related issues that directly reflect in advancements in science and technologies and so affect the society in multiple ways. Sentiment analysis is one branch of data mining that deals with opinions of customer and tries to use these opinions in the growth of the business. In this chapter, the authors discuss the use of sentiment analysis in various types of businesses and how this analysis helps these businesses to grow along with the challenges along the way. This will help readers to know why sentiment analysis has become popular in the business world.
Analysis of Public Sentiments About Mega Online Sale Using Tweets on Big Billions Day Sale
Authors: Sisodia Dilip Singh , Reddy Ritvika
Published: August 2018

The opinion of others significantly influences our decision-making process about any product or service. The positive or negative opinions of prospective clients or customers may promote or demote the profit margin of any business activities. Therefore, analyzing the public sentiment is important for many applications such as firms trying to find out the response of their products in the market, predicting political elections, and predicting socioeconomic phenomena such as stock exchange, sale of products, etc. With the emergence of Web 2.0 services, a wide range of online platforms including micro-blogging, social networking, and many other review platforms are available. The automated process for public sentiment analysis from a large amount of social data present on the web helps to improve customer satisfaction. This chapter discusses the process of sentiment analysis of prospective buyers of mega online sales using their posted tweets about the big billions day sale.
Application of Sentiment Analysis in Movie reviews
Authors: Gadekallu ThippaReddy , Soni Akshat , Sarkar Deeptanu , Kuruva Lakshmanna
Published: August 2018

Sentiment analysis is a sub-domain of opinion mining where the analysis is focused on the extraction of emotions and opinions of the people towards a particular topic from a structured, semi-structured, or unstructured textual data. In this chapter, the authors try to focus the task of sentiment analysis on IMDB movie review database. This chapter presents the experimental work on a new kind of domain-specific feature-based heuristic for aspect-level sentiment analysis of movie reviews. The authors have devised an aspect-oriented scheme that analyzes the textual reviews of a movie and assign it a sentiment label on each aspect. Finally, the authors conclude that incorporating syntactical information in the models is vital to the sentiment analysis process. The authors also conclude that the proposed approach to sentiment classification supplements the existing rating movie rating systems used across the web and will serve as base to future researches in this domain.
Affective Presence in Enactive Immersive Space
Authors: Domingues Diana Maria G. , Miranda Mateus Rodrigues
Published: August 2018

The reengineering of life through the sense of presence in virtual and augmented reality raised in art and technoscience is the focus of the aesthetical, scientific, and technological potential for the changes to the ecological, social, environmental, and biological condition. Virtual reality immersion uses proprioceptive trackers for navigation and stereoscopy in kinesthesia generating compelling experience inside data landscapes. Nowadays, disruptive technologies melting biological, synthetic worlds (data-cyber) and physic spaces (biocybrid systems) allow synaesthetic embodied experience to the Spinozian body. In enactive affective systems, the sentient and pervasive technologies by the invasion of mobile technologies, physiological sensors, computer vision, locative, and geodesic dialogues of organisms/data and environment are in reciprocal and mutual exchanges. The ontology of life conciliates paradoxes and conflicts of emergent realities and self-organizing dialogues between artificial and natural modifying the concept of reality, which is always a philosophical concept.
“Hi-Tech + Low-Tech”
Authors: Teles Paulo Cesar
Published: August 2018

This chapter aims to highlight and discuss contemporary aspects of interactive art as the audience influence, the aesthetic technological impact, its targeting to art-education, and the cross-cultural aspects involved as well evidenced by an art and technology literacy event at two schools in the city of Osogbo, Nigeria for primary and secondary school teachers and students in mid-2016 and five months later the re-exhibition of its final artwork in museums and cultural centers in Brazil. For this propose, the author sought to highlight the density of the aesthetic experiences and the cultural addition that affected all the involved people in terms of interactivity and multi-technological connections. He also intended to point out and compare both the different interactive attitudes and the processes of comprehension and reframing that occurred during the stages of production and exhibitions under the prism of some contemporary theoretical perspectives and cases.
Ceremonies of Pleasure
Authors: Guerra Paula
Published: August 2018

The importance of music concerts is all too revealing of a complex and malleable framework which operates at aesthetic, artistic, and emotional levels. We are faced here with a new type of relationship with music, in a way that we find not only the classic takes on music as an artwork to be admired, or as a collective identity-building activity, but also as a way in which festival “stages” serves as observatories of youth, cultural and artistic practices, and values in contemporary Portugal. This chapter addresses these questions via the analysis of the mobile photo-sharing application Instagram deposited by the managers of the page of Paredes de Coura's Festival—Portuguese music festival—between 2015 and 2017, and it is from here that the author will try to understand and analyze the dynamics underlying the festival as an immersive experience.
Impact of Social Media and Technology Companies on Digital Journalism
Authors: Kılıç Şükrü Oktay , Genel Zeynep
Published: August 2018

A handful of social media companies, with their shifting strategies to become hosts of all information available online, have significantly changed the news media landscape in recent years. Many news media companies across the world have gone through reorganizations in a bid to keep up with new storytelling techniques, technologies, and tools introduced by social media companies. With their non-transparent algorithms favoring particular content formats and lack of interest in developing solid business models for publishers, social media platforms, on the other hand, have attracted widespread criticism by many academics and media practitioners. This chapter aims at discussing the impact of social media on journalism with the help of digital research that provides an insight on what storytelling types with which three most-followed news outlets in Turkey gain the most engagement on Facebook.
Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage
Authors: Durán-Sánchez Amador , Del Río-Rama María de la Cruz , Oliveira Cristiana , Álvarez-García José
Published: August 2018

Tourism is an economic activity capable of promoting the development of regions, creating wealth and contributing to the preservation of heritage. Thus, the tourism sector in general, and in particular, the new typologies of tourism that take advantage of cultural resources, such as religious tourism, have in recent years become the focus of attention by economic, political and scientific agents. Religious tourism started the moment man began to move due to a question of belief, that is to say, with a religious manifestation, the pilgrimage, being a pilgrim a tourist with religious motivation. Currently, according to UNWTO estimates, between 300 and 330 million tourists visit the main religious sites every year. Taking into account the increasing interest in the subject of religious tourism and pilgrimage, a review of the academic literature on this type of tourism is carried out in this chapter by means of a descriptive bibliometric study of articles, books and of book chapters included in the multidisciplinary Scopus (Elsevier) database until the year 2016. Thus, through an advanced search for terms, we selected a representative set of 199 documents that form the ad-hoc base of the analysis. In view of the results, it is concluded that despite an uncertain start at the beginning of the 80s, from the year 2006 the interest for this discipline experiences a rapid growth with more than 80% of the work published during the 2006-2016 period. When publishing, the authors opt for specialized journals in the tourism sector in the areas of Social Sciences and Business, Management and Accounting or Arts and Humanities.
Tracing Roots and Routes of Religious Tourism in Rural Areas of Greece
Authors: Lampada Despoina , Tzedopoulos Yorgos , Kamara Afroditi , Ferla Kleopatra
Published: August 2018

Greece is an Orthodox country, pretty much attached to its religious past and identity. This factor has had a decisive impact on its approaches to religious tourism so far. The model of religious pilgrimage, especially in rural areas, is based on excursions to particular religious centers on local saints' days rather than on religious itineraries, as is the case in other countries where routes such as that of Santiago de Compostela or Via Francigena have been traced for a long time. On the other hand, the route along St. Paul's travels in Greece is growing in international appeal, with various travel agencies active in the field. The chapter focuses on describing existing infrastructure along St. Paul's route, on its possible linkage to various forms of tourism as well as to the development of a hiking route along Via Egnatia (patly covering St.Paul's itinerary), and on the impact this will have on rural communities in terms of opportunities offered for local societies and economies to develop.
Religious Tourism in Galicia
Authors: Rodríguez Domínguez María del Mar , Alonso Mercedes Vila
Published: August 2018

Against the massification of some tourist products, the development of new and more complex tourist models is of interest, where the combination of several products in the offer of the same destination can be successful. One of the niches to consider is the great increase of religious tourism, whose origin could be placed in ancient pilgrimages. Considering it as a niche does not mean, in the first place, that it is a minority; and, secondly, and perhaps more importantly, that it can serve as the axis on which the complex tourism offer that is sought is articulated. The objective of this chapter is to perform the analysis of the Camino de Santiago product to demonstrate that it can be the axis of Galicia's tourism offer. In addition, the profile of visitors to the city of Santiago will be analyzed, discriminating them as tourists or pilgrims, since an adequate understanding of the demand will allow a better management of resources.
The St. James Way in Portugal and Spain
Authors: Gómez-Ullate Martín , Corcho-Sánchez Pedro
Published: August 2018

Using case studies, this chapter reviews the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) to governance for pilgrimage routes in the Vía de la Plata and the Portuguese Way to Santiago (CPIS). The research is based on a set of qualitative techniques, including discussion groups, in-depth interviews, participant observation, team ethnography, and web analysis. This creates a rich and complex material for a deeper understanding of the route a stakeholder experiences. Stakeholders converge or differ in their perceptions of the actual problems of the route, while it is clearly shown how touristic principles or interests clash with other discourses focusing on integrity of historical accuracy or integrity of Xacobean values.
Religious Tourism and Accessibility
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández María Dolores , Azpelicueta-Criado María del Carmen , Abril-Sellarés María
Published: August 2018

This chapter presents a study of religious tourism that analyzes accessibility in two cathedrals with a great number of tourist visits. The comparison is made from universal accessibility, although specifically the motor one, sensory one, and technological access of information in both resources. The geographical area of the study has been in Spain in the Cathedral of Barcelona located in the peninsula and in the Cathedral of Palma of Majorca located in an archipelago. The longitudinal study carried out shows the comparison of the information collected in the year 2014 and July 2017. In general, the results show that throughout these years, while the Cathedral of Palma of Majorca has adapted the tourist resource to tourists with disabilities, the Cathedral of Barcelona has been evolving, although there are still measures and adaptations pending to run to approach an accessible tourism.
Digital Game Design Tutorial for Use in the Basic School
Authors: Santanna dos Santos Míria , Peres Camila , Schmitt Marcelo A. R. , Peres Andre
Published: August 2018

The students of the twenty-first century are digital natives, presenting a nonlinear way of learning. The school, on the other hand, still keeps a sequential teaching structure. In order to approach the school of the students' reality, digital games can be an important educational tool. This can be done not only using educational games, but also by the creation of games. There are applications and software available online that allow the creation of games in a simple and accessible way. This process of building games enables students to mobilize various fields of knowledge and provide digital literacy, with the development of critical capacity. This chapter presents the theoretical foundations that justify the use of games in education, and a pedagogical proposal based on the construction of games, as well as tools that can be used to build digital games.
Three Dimensional Virtual Laboratories and Simulations for Education
Authors: Abdalla Mohamed Khamis Tolba Mahmoud
Published: August 2018

This chapter provides a detailed study of the current literature surrounding instructional animation. After discussing definitions and classifications of these technologies, the chapter reviews how they can be differentiated from games. The chapter covers subtypes of instructional animation, including experiential, symbolic, and forms considered animation but lacking criteria of effective animation. The three types differ in some points. Important criteria must be considered before, during, and after designation when designing educationally effective software of these animations. If simulations are prepared according to evidence-based guidelines mentioned in the chapter, many benefits will be developed, including pedagogical, motivational, and daily life profits. However, disadvantages exist. Criticisms in literature will be mentioned on an evidence-based level.
Bases for Summative Evaluation of Educational Digital Games and Their Implications in School Scenario
Authors: Coutinho Isa de Jesus , Alves Lynn Rosalina Gama
Published: August 2018

The theme of this chapter is in accord with the growing discussion proposed by several researchers while investigating games contributions for teaching and learning, particularly in relation to school. Within school environments, parents and teachers perceive that moment with suspicion, thus augmenting their questions about which evidence would point to games as capable of facilitating learning. Therefore, methodologies, procedural field, and evaluation instruments arise in an attempt to evidence the contributions of games for learning. The chapter's main objective is to present the bases of a summative evaluation methodology for educational digital games, having as a guiding tool an instrument ad hoc. The principles which orientate such grounds are based on interaction design and on the learning principles of Paul Gee. The instrument description is also included, as well as its enforceability by means of a pilot study.
Programming Life
Authors: Dantas Thiago Ferreira , Lopes Patricia Padula , do Amaral Erico Marcelo Hoff
Published: August 2018

This chapter presents the use of gamification as mechanism to support the process of teaching and learning programming through a serious game, titled Programming Life. The aim is to alleviate the difficulties encountered by incoming students in the introductory programming disciplines and to provide the student with a teaching method, to which self-learning is possible, without the need for prior knowledge of content, only with their own efforts. Developing logical reasoning, the ability to solve problems in an algorithmic way and enabling the learning of C language and stimulating the construction of computational thinking in a pleasant and attractive way. The results achieved with the use of Programming Like in classes of algorithms and programming were beyond the initial expectation, and demonstrate that it is possible to provide at the student with a form of playful learning, ensuring that students assimilate concepts and techniques related to programming logic.
The Use of Indigenous People's Pedagogic Way of Learning for Preschool and School Teachers
Authors: Jan Maluleka Khazamula
Published: August 2018

The main issue that bothers indigenous people is an unequal and unjust representation of their knowledge in relation to the formalized Western education system. Despite the affirmation of indigenous knowledge by the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Western formal education system defines what knowledge and teaching methods are authentic or not. The purpose of this chapter is to determine the value of the indigenous knowledge and their pedagogic methods for preschool and school teachers. The data collected has been critically analyzed through John Rawls' theory of social justice. There is an agreement between authors and teachers that indigenous people had education systems that sustained them for years. This chapter provides some recommendations on how these valuable methods of teaching can be incorporated into the mainstream education systems.
Creative Realization of Art Tasks in Interdisciplinary Learning Process
Authors: Birsa Eda
Published: August 2018

In the interdisciplinary learning process of visual art, the teachers must provide for the students effective gaining of integrated knowledge such that will encourage them to solve the art tasks creatively. This chapter presents partial results obtained on the basis of an experimental study by means of which the authors wished to determine the effects of visual art learning process conducted in an interdisciplinary manner. The findings of the qualitative analysis of sculpting works showed more creative art solutions by the students from experimental group, which additionally enforced the results of quantitative part of the experimental research carried out. This means that the guidelines concerning the manner of teaching visual art concepts will eliminate ambiguities in the planning of interdisciplinary teaching process applied in visual art education, and will provide the students with more efficient acquisition of integrated knowledge and creative solving of art tasks.
Integration of Activities of Mathematical Education and Language Development in Preschool Education
Authors: Stakić Mirjana M. , Maričić Sanja M.
Published: August 2018

This chapter will explain through concrete examples of literature for children how the same literary text through activities of speech exercises (lexical, semantic, and syntactic), enables their speech development, and contributes to the enrichment of the active lexical fund, and on the other hand, it creates a real context for the development of mathematical concepts. The literary text contributes to the visualization of mathematical concepts, which ensures transition from concrete to abstract concepts and ideas, and mathematical concepts become more acceptable as a result of their clarity and intelligibility. The mentioned activities, in addition to their educational function, build and acquire knowledge that is adopted with understanding in a real context familiar to their concept of the world, give rise to the development of children's imagination, inventiveness, creativity, inquiring mind, and autonomy, and make children grow fond of literature and mathematics from the earliest age.
The Importance of Reading Literacy in Learning Mathematics
Authors: Žakelj Amalija , Cotič Mara , Felda Darjo , Mešinović Sanela
Published: August 2018

In school, reading literacy is also vital for learning mathematics and development of mathematical literacy. In addition to knowing and understanding numbers, symbols, and relations among them, also large enough vocabulary is needed, and the ability of reading and understanding word problems or mathematical texts. The empirical research is based on the descriptive and causal non-experimental method, with data having been gathered with the support of a test of mathematical knowledge. In the sample, 89 students of the third grade of basic school were involved. The results of the empirical research that examined the relations between the performance of students in mathematics and in Slovenian have shown the students with higher grades in Slovenian have performed better in solving simple and more demanding mathematical problems than the students with lower grades in Slovenian.
Irresponsible/Unmindful Parenting
Authors: Ljubetić Maja , Ercegovac Ina Reić , Vukušić Anita Mandarić
Published: August 2018

The aim of this chapter is to examine the relationship between contemporary parenting practices, understanding of the child, implicit parenting pedagogy, and the influence of the media on the child which seems an indispensable determinant of child development and upbringing. Given the development of technology, especially the information and communications one, this should not surprise us but make us reflect more on parental roles and responsibilities in this process. Special attention should be directed to understanding implicit parenting pedagogy, where the processes of raising awareness and reflection play the most important role. Parents who are aware of their implicit pedagogy, who cultivate mindful parenting have the advantage over those who do not. When shaping their own parenting practices on these grounds, they can create optimal conditions for child development. The potential adverse effects of modern technologies will be that much smaller if by raising the awareness of their own parenting practices parents develop and progress towards responsible and competent parenting.
Medical Image Classification
Authors: Jesu Vedha Nayahi J.  , Gokulakrishnan K.
Published: August 2018

Diagnosis of diseases at the right stage with optimal accuracy is a significant requirement in the medical field. Apart from diagnosis from clinical symptoms, diagnosis based on scanned images of both internal and external organs is playing a vital role in understanding the severity of the disease. Classification is a field of study derived from artificial intelligence, and today it is widely used in medical image classification. These techniques are used to classify the different stages of a disease or different variant diseases possible in an organ from different types of input images such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), x-ray, fundus images, iris images, etc. Various preprocessing techniques are used to select the relevant features from the input image to form the feature set. The classifiers are trained using the feature set to generate models. The generated models can be optimized to improve the performance. Various metrics such as accuracy, coverage, precision, recall, and FMeasure are used to measure the accuracy.
The Fundamentals of Biomedical Image Processing
Authors: Bhatele Kirti Raj , Gupta Vivek , Gupta Kamlesh , Shrivastava Prashant
Published: August 2018

This chapter provides a brief introduction to the various fundamentals and concepts related to the basics of the biomedical image processing. Medical imaging processing comprises various techniques and processes that are used to create images of human body for clinical purposes and medical procedures for the purpose of diagnosis or examination of disease. Digital image processing along with its suitable components and computer-simulated algorithms are implemented using computers to perform the image analysis of digital images. The study of normal anatomy and physiology of human body is made as a part of diagnosis process. Though medical imaging of various organs and tissues can be performed for medical examination purposes, the impact of digital images on modern society is tremendous and image processing has become a critical component of science and technology related to the biomedical image processing.
Research on Information Literacy and Social Inclusion of Female Inmates
Authors: Cuevas-Cerveró Aurora , Soriano María Antonia Agúndez
Published: August 2018

Information literacy in prisons is still an incipient issue for the scientific community, as evidenced by the absence of studies on information literacy activities in prisons. There are hardly any specific training programs for the acquisition of informational competences in Spanish prisons. They are presented results of research that have been aimed at creating a theoretical-application model of training in informational and digital skills for people in prison. The project had a methodological approach based on action research. The digital divide makes it difficult to integrate people into the labor market, leading them to social exclusion. In the case of female prisoners, this gap is even more accentuated and integration difficulties increase, so the project has adopted a gender perspective. In order to meet the objectives, a training program aimed at social and labor inclusion was created with the aim of improving the living and working conditions of women prisoners and increasing their participation as active citizens in the information society.
Policies Information Literacy, Equality, and Gender
Authors: Agúndez-Soriano María Antonia , Cuevas-Cerveró Aurora
Published: August 2018

The development of information and communication technologies (ICT), especially the internet, means that not all the population has the same opportunities of access and use of these technologies or the training necessary to use them effectively. These technologies are producing socio-economic transformations. They also bring about important changes in the way they work, communicate, behave, and socialize. All these changes constitute a factor of social exclusion and have led to the emergence of the so-called digital divide (BD). This BD has accentuated the social gap and has contributed to the fact that certain population groups, such as female inmates, are considered to be “socially excluded” or “excluded digital,” and in the case of these female inmates the gender gap would also be present. The authors presented results of the analysis carried out to know the policies, projects, and programs that are being carried out both in Europe and in Spain in the field of informational and digital literacy for social and labor inclusion, as well as equality and gender policies.
A Compliance-Driven Framework for Privacy and Security in Highly Regulated Socio-Technical Environments
Authors: Saidane Ayda , Al-Sharieh Saleh
Published: August 2018

Regulatory compliance is a top priority for organizations in highly regulated ecosystems. As most operations are automated, the compliance efforts focus on the information systems supporting the business processes of the organizations and, to a lesser extent, on the humans using, managing, and maintaining them. Yet, the human factor is an unpredictable and challenging component of a secure system development and should be considered throughout the development process as both a legitimate user and a threat. In this chapter, the authors propose COMPARCH as a compliance-driven system engineering framework for privacy and security in socio-technical systems. It consists of (1) a risk-based requirement management process, (2) a test-driven security and privacy modeling framework, and (3) a simulation-based validation approach. The satisfaction of the regulatory requirements is evaluated through the simulation traces analysis. The authors use as a running example an E-CITY system providing municipality services to local communities.
Information-Centric Networking, E-Government, and Security
Authors: Hamdane Balkis , El Fatmi Sihem Guemara
Published: August 2018

The internet was initially proposed to interconnect a few trusted hosts. However, its continued success has caused many security problems. New internet services, such as e-government, must address these security issues. A host-centric security model tied to information location and based on various partial corrections has been proposed. However, this model hasn't brought radical solutions and has largely contributed to architecture ossification. In this context, the idea of a clean slate approach, satisfying the new requirements and without any compatibility obligation, has emerged. The information-centric networking approach represents one of these architectures. Its main idea is to consider the named information as the central element rather than the IP addresses. To ensure security requirements, it adopts an information-centric security. This chapter is a survey on security in the ICN, satisfying the internet security requirements in general and particularly e-government services.
Fog Computing and Its Challenges
Authors: Balaji Vighnesh Srinivasa
Published: August 2018

In recent times, the number of internet of things (IoT) devices/sensors increased tremendously. To support the computational demand of real-time latency-sensitive applications of largely geo-distributed IoT devices/sensors, a new computing paradigm named fog computing has been introduced. In this chapter, the authors will introduce fog computing, its difference in comparison to cloud computing, and issues related to fog. Among the three issues (i.e. service, structural, and security issues), this chapter scrutinizes and comprehensively discusses the service and structural issues also providing the service level objectives of the fog. They next provide various algorithms for computing in fog, the challenges faced, and future research directions. Among the various uses of fog, two scenarios are put to use.
Fog Computing and Networking Architectures
Authors: Moharir Minal , Patil Bharat Rahuldhev
Published: August 2018

The demerits of cloud computing lie in the velocity, bandwidth, and privacy of data. This chapter focuses on why fog computing presents an effective solution to cloud computing. It first explains the primary motivation behind the use of fog computing. Fog computing, in essence, extends the services of the cloud towards the edge of the network (i.e., towards the devices nearer to the customer or the end user). Doing so offers several advantages. Some of the discussed advantages are scalability, low latency, reducing network traffic, and increasing efficiency. The chapter then explains the architecture to implement a fog network, followed by its applications. Some commercial fog products are also discussed, and a use case for an airport security system is presented.
Fog Computing Application Deployment and Management
Authors: G. Ranjitha , Lathar Pankaj , Siddesh G. M.
Published: August 2018

Fog computing enhances cloud computing to be closer to the processes that act on IOT devices. Fogging was introduced to overcome the cloud computing paradigm which was not able to address some services, applications, and other limitations of cloud computing such as security aspects, bandwidth, and latency. Fog computing provides the direct correlation with the internet of things. IBM and CISCO are linking their concepts of internet of things with the help of fog computing. Application services are hosted on the network edge. It improves the efficiency and reduces the amount of data that is transferred to the cloud for analysis, storage, and processing. Developers write the fog application and deploy it to the access points. Several applications like smart cities, healthcare domain, pre-processing, and caching applications have to be deployed and managed properly.
Confidentiality and Safekeeping Problems and Techniques in Fog Computing
Authors: Khanum Nida Kauser , Lathar Pankaj , Siddesh G. M.
Published: August 2018

Fog computing is an extension of cloud computing, and it is one of the most important architypes in the current world. Fog computing is like cloud computing as it provides data storage, computation, processing, and application services to end-users. In this chapter, the authors discuss the security and privacy issues concerned with fog computing. The issues present in cloud are also inherited by fog computing, but the same methods available for cloud computing are not applicable to fog computing due to its decentralized nature. The authors also discuss a few real-time applications like healthcare systems, intelligent food traceability, surveillance video stream processing, collection, and pre-processing of speech data. Finally, the concept of decoy technique and intrusion detection and prevention technique is covered.
Security and Privacy Issues in IoT
Authors: Sekhar S. R. Mani , Bysani Sharmitha S. , Kiranmai Vasireddy Prabha
Published: August 2018

Security and privacy issues are the challenging areas in the field of internet of things (IoT) and fog computing. IoT and fog has become an involving technology allowing major changes in the field of information systems and communication systems. This chapter provides the introduction of IoT and fog technology with a brief explanation of how fog is overcoming the challenges of cloud computing. Thereafter, the authors discuss the different security and privacy issues and its related solutions. Furthermore, they present six different case studies which will help the reader to understand the platform of IoT in fog.
The International Migration Movements and Immigrant Policies From the Ottoman Empire 1299 to Republican Turkey 2016
Authors: Tüzünkan Demet
Published: August 2018

During times when the Ottoman Empire gained more land from its foundation in 1299 until declaration of Republic in 1923, by settling Muslim communities in each newly conquered territory, and yet seeking rights of foreign subjects, Ottoman Empire exhibited both a religious and yet liberal and democratic migration policy. Even though migration policies from 1299 to present day have changed over time along with reasons behind the migrations, it cannot be said that concepts of Islamism and Turkism, that have existed/been felt at the core of these laws, have been distanced. During this study, titles such as Immigration and Immigrant Rights during Ottoman Empire, Immigrations and Immigrant Rights in the Republic of Turkey, Migration Policies in Development Plans, will be handled together with Migration Data and respective general assessments were made in the conclusion.
Migration and Alienation
Authors: Gürkan Hasan
Published: August 2018

This study aims to analyse how immigrants become estranged with each other and their own culture together with migration. The sampling of this study consists of film Nachtreise/Night Traveling, 2002 by Kenan Kılıç. This fictional 63 min.-film focuses on a social reality which is named as alienation. This film shows the immigrants' situation and hopelessness as distinct from the other films (by Umut Dağ and Hüseyin Tabak). The film by Kenan Kılıç presents immigrants' alienation in their post-migration processes and emphasizes the phenomenon of not belonging to their own culture. The film departs from a binary opposition and makes a reference on one hand to people's alienation and their relations, and consequently to the power, center-periphery relations while referring to social problems such as immigration, moving up into a higher class, financial troubles and unemployment on the other hand. It is clearly from this research that as a result of migration, consumerism, technology and the culture generated by a new society, immigrants become estranged with each other and the society.
Expatriation in the Age of Austerity
Authors: Nawaz Tasawar
Published: August 2018

Drawing on Bourdieu's concept of capital this study deploys a relational perspective to examine capital mobilization strategies of skilled migrants from recession ravaged Western- and impoverished Eastern-European member states when navigating their way through structural constraints that affect their career choices. It is a multilevel approach that allows overcoming the individual (micro) emphasis in the self-initiated expatriation literature, organizational (meso) and contextual (macro) focus in the skilled migration studies. Based on qualitative research involving self-initiated expatriates from the European Union (EU) in Edinburgh the study extends our understanding beyond the narrow discourse of human capital and offers a more holistic picture of skilled migration in the age of austerity. The study also exposes that EU citizenship is not enough to undertake successful career mobility. Finally, it highlights the need of proactive and purposeful policies to retain the brain while not imposing any draconian on free movement of human capital.
Reforming of the State Immigration Policy in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Ushakov Denis , Rubinskaya Eteri
Published: August 2018

International labor migration in a globalized context offers alternative ways to overcome the problems of slow economic growth or identification of additional levers of economic progress along with forcing the states or the whole supranational units to urgently search for the instruments to confront new economic, humanitarian and political challenges and threats. Migration policy must become an effective tool in nationalization of economic benefits of international labor migration and combating its possible negative effects, especially critical for the Russian Federation, which at the beginning of the 21st century has become a global center of gravity and attraction for international migrant workers. This study reveals the importance and the stimulating role of migration policy in fostering national competitiveness, demonstrating the conditions of its key tools effectiveness for the implementation in economic and social globalization dynamics. In the case of Russia, the paper evaluates the historical background of migration policy reform and suggests directions of its modernization in the short and the long run. As a result of the analysis of Russian state migration policy further development trends under economy modernization have been revealed, special emphasis is put on the selective nature of immigration policy along with the need for highly skilled professionals' attraction.
Reconciliation of Identity Groups in Iraq
Authors: Abdulazeez Nazar Jamil
Published: August 2018

Since the parliamentary elections in 31st April 2014, the political process in Iraq described as a fragile, ethnic tension have mounted and security situation declined tremendously with the rises of Islamic State in Sunni Arab populated areas. Since 10th June 2014, over a million internally displaced people approached Iraqi Kurdistan Region in a two-week time period. More than 300,000 monitories, including Yazidi Kurds and Christians, have fled to Duhok city. Additionally, over 40,000 civilians Yazidis trapped for a week in the mountain of Snjar, running from Islamic State (IS). This text works out measures for accommodating conflicts and claims of Iraqi sectarian groups. In order to explore and assess application of those means in conflict accommodation in Iraq, first, this text analyses the conflict through identifying actors, outlines the structure of the conflict and change in the dynamic of the conflict over the time. Second section of this text, illustrates the means for reconciliation of different identities in the world of politics based on the conflict analysis.
Learning Styles and Cultural Differences in Online Learning Environments in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Adeoye Blessing F.
Published: August 2018

The nature of learning is changing, especially learning in the twenty-first century. It's increasingly becoming more to do with student-centered learning. It emphasizes digital literacy, critical thinking, and interpersonal skills. This chapter revisited online learning environments in terms of differences in the learning styles of Nigerian university students according to their cultural backgrounds. The author also reviewed past research that focused on culturally different learning styles in online learning environments. Of specific interest are the studies that examined the same issue in the twenty-first century. This chapter concluded based on the review of literature that a person's learning style could affect how they react to any learning situation, including learning online; therefore, knowledge of learning styles could help in the selection of appropriate instructional designs and teaching strategies for courses. In the case of the students at the University of Lagos, it was found that students with different learning styles have different responses to online learning within their culture.
E-Learning in the Hashemite University
Authors: Al-Khasawneh Ahmad M. , Obeidallah Randa
Published: August 2018

The development of information and communication technology (ICT) and e-learning has enhanced the process of teaching and learning in Jordanian higher education institutions particularly in the Hashemite University (HU). HU is considered one of the leading universities in adopting e-learning. The attitude toward ICT and e-learning is measured to understand how ICT and e-learning would be accepted through applying the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory. The results showed a significant relationship between students' perception of technology characteristics and their attitude towards using the technology in the educational system. In this chapter, factors influencing user acceptance and adoption of ICT in Jordan on student motivations for the acceptance of technologies necessary for the delivery of e-learning activities are being handled.