bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurophysiological Assessment in Children with Vocal Fold Paralysis: A Tertiary Center Experience
Authors: D'Agostino Roberto , Cacco Tommaso , Fiz Ivana , Della Rocca Mirta , Martelli Simona , Cataldi Matteo , Lanteri Paola
Published: September 2024

Objective

The aim of this study is to report on experience acquired during the laryngeal electrophysiological assessment with Co‐MEP and L‐EMG in pediatric patients with acquired, congenital, and syndromic vocal fold paralysis (VFP), and correlate our findings with patients' characteristics, their comorbidities, and VFP etiology.

Methods

Pediatric patients with suspected or previously diagnosed unilateral or bilateral VFP underwent electrophysiological records under general anesthesia; corticobulbar motor‐evoked potentials (Co‐MEPs) and laryngeal electromyography (L‐EMG) of thyroarytenoid (TA) and posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles were recorded.

Results

Statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between early gestational age at childbirth and TA muscle intensity (p = 0.002) and PCA muscle intensity (p = 0.002); tracheostomy presence and TA muscle intensity (p = 0.002) and PCA muscle intensity (p = 0.002); presence of genetic anomalies with intensity and latency for TA muscle and latency for PCA muscle (TA latency p = 0.015, TA intensity p = 0.021, PCA latency p = 0.035); congenital presentation of VFP and an increased intensity for TA muscle (p = 0.04); latency and intensity for TA muscle (p = 0.024); TA muscle intensity and PCA intensity (p = 0.005).

Conclusion

Intraoperative Co‐MEPs and L‐EMG are two complementary tools for evaluating the functional integrity of the structures involved in conveying signals from the motor cortex to TA and PCA muscles in children with vocal fold paralysis. Further studies are needed to establish their ability to predict the recovery of VF mobility, which could potentially lead to decannulation.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 135:935–941, 2025
Broadband Unidirectional Thermal Emission
Authors: Ma Yue , Wang Jiawei , Li Longnan , Liu Tianji , Li Wei
Published: September 2024

Directional control of far‐field thermal emission plays a key role in effective heat and energy transfer. However, conventional photonic strategies are challenging to concurrently control the polar and azimuthal angle of thermal emission over broadband. Here both polar and azimuthal angles of thermal emission are constrained to narrow ranges over broadband by introducing in‐plane anisotropy combined with magneto‐optical materials in the epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) wavelength range. The physical mechanism of tunable perfect absorption/emission is explored by investigating the evolution of multiple topological phase singularity pairs (TPSPs). The structure consisting of a magnetized gradient‐ENZ emitter and anisotropic spacer that exhibits high (>0.8) unidirectional emissivity (θ: 55°–79°, φ: 163.5°–196.5°) in the p‐polarization for a broad range of wavelength (22–26 µm) is demonstrated. The unveiled physics synergizing ENZ, anisotropy, and magneto‐optical properties that support broadband unidirectional thermal emission will bring new opportunities in applications such as thermal camouflaging, thermal photovoltaics, and infrared light sources.
Towards sustainable development: Institutions, perceptions, and innovation
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyang , Cui Dangdang , Ding Chante Jian
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the influence of the exogenous event of Chinese GIS (Government Inspection Supervision) on corporate environmental innovation. GIS significantly enhances green innovation in state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), according to difference‐in‐differences (DID) estimation. Moreover, executives' green perception significantly and positively moderates the constructive association between GIS and green innovation in SOEs. Additional analysis shows that inspection supervision encourages green innovation in SOEs by easing financial restrictions and boosting R&D spending. This effect is more prominent in areas where the intensity of government pollution source regulation is weaker and in enterprises with poorer performance in corporate social responsibility (CSR). Our research supports the conjecture that national governance can be a crucial determinant of green innovation, providing a valuable reference for accelerating China's green growth process and expanding the research perspective for the construction of governance systems in developing countries.
Deep learning methods for protein structure prediction
Authors: Qin Yiming , Chen Zihan , Peng Ye , Xiao Ying , Zhong Tian , Yu Xi
Published: September 2024

Protein structure prediction (PSP) has been a prominent topic in bioinformatics and computational biology, aiming to predict protein function and structure from sequence data. The three‐dimensional conformation of proteins is pivotal for their intricate biological roles. With the advancement of computational capabilities and the adoption of deep learning (DL) technologies (especially Transformer network architectures), the PSP field has ushered in a brand‐new era of “neuralization.” Here, we focus on reviewing the evolution of PSP from traditional to modern deep learning‐based approaches and the characteristics of various structural prediction methods. This emphasizes the advantages of deep learning‐based hybrid prediction methods over traditional approaches. This study also provides a summary analysis of widely used bioinformatics databases and the latest structure prediction models. It discusses deep learning networks and algorithmic optimization for model training, validation, and evaluation. In addition, a summary discussion of the major advances in deep learning‐based protein structure prediction is presented. The update of AlphaFold 3 further extends the boundaries of prediction models, especially in protein‐small molecule structure prediction. This marks a key shift toward a holistic approach in biomolecular structure elucidation, aiming at solving almost all sequence‐to‐structure puzzles in various biological phenomena.
Uncertainty principles for short‐time free metaplectic transformation
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , He Liang
Published: September 2024

This study devotes to extend Heisenberg's uncertainty inequalities in free metaplectic transformation (FMT) domains into short‐time free metaplectic transformation (STFMT) domains. We disclose an equivalence relation between spreads in time‐STFMT and time domains, as well as FMT‐STFMT and FMT domains. We use them to set up an inequality relation between the uncertainty product in time‐STFMT and FMT‐STFMT domains and that in time and FMT domains and an inequality relation between the uncertainty product in two FMT‐STFMT domains and that in two FMT domains. We deduce uncertainty inequalities of real‐valued functions and complex‐valued window functions for the STFMT and uncertainty inequalities of complex‐valued (window) functions for the orthogonal STFMT, the orthonormal STFMT, and the STFMT without the assumption of orthogonality, respectively. To formulate the attainable lower bounds, we also propose some novel uncertainty inequalities of complex‐valued (window) functions for the orthogonal FMT and the FMT without the assumption of orthogonality, respectively.
Effect of Solvent on the Optical Rotation of Azatryptophan Derivatives
Authors: Das Mitalee , Kulandai Felix , Kumar Hemantha , Kuppuswamy Prakasam , Subba Bandreddy , Hazra Sunit , Nimje Roshan , Gupta Anuradha , Bagadi Muralidhararao , Mathur Arvind , Roy Amrita , Duche Sharad
Published: September 2024

Chirally pure enantiomers of differently protected 7‐azatryptophan derivatives (R‐3c, S‐3c, R‐3i, S‐3i, R‐3m, S‐3m, R‐3aa, and S‐3aa) were synthesized, which showed solvent‐dependent optical rotation. The obtained results not only exhibited changes in the values but also showed the variation in sign (− or +) with the different solvents studied. The change in optical rotation value was essentially attributed to the electron‐donating property, which can be correlated to the donor number of the solvents. There are two types of hydrogen bonds, intramolecular (i.e., form within the structure) and intermolecular (i.e., form with external groups such as solvents). These hydrogen bonds are responsible for the value and sign variations, and 1H NMR experiments were used to further characterize them. The NMR data suggested that hydrogen bond formation is occurring between the Fmoc NH group vicinal to the chiral center and donor group of the corresponding solvent.
An Analysis of the Structures People With Shoulder Pain Recall After Receiving Their Diagnostic Imaging Results
Authors: Brotman Yotam B. , Malliaras Peter , Farlie Melanie K.
Published: September 2024

Aims

Rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP) is a prevalent cause of musculoskeletal pain. Patients presenting with this condition often undergo diagnostic imaging. However, many patients appear to have difficulty recalling the nature of their diagnosis. This may impact their rehabilitation outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore peoples' recall of their structural features relating to RCRSP by comparing their recalled description of their condition with the contents of their imaging reports as reported in an online questionnaire. In doing so, we aim to explore the potential emphasis they place on structural features related to their condition.

Methods

This study was a content analysis embedded within a larger survey study published previously. Data containing patients' recall of their diagnosis was used from the study, and analysed using content analysis to quantify content in terms of codes and categories. The aims of frequency, completeness and accuracy of recall were then explored.

Results

The analysis identified eight categories of terminology either recalled by patients or reported in imaging reports. The most frequent categories in reports were tendinopathy (71%) and joint (67%), but only 17% and 36% of participant responses contained these codes, respectively. Participants' completeness of recall compared with their imaging report was 30% on average. In terms of accuracy, only 8 out of 95 participants recalled their diagnoses 100% correctly.

Conclusion

This study indicates that patients have poor overall recall of their RCRSP‐related structural features. We contend that participants may have been able to recall what they viewed to be the most prominent structural feature in their imaging findings. It may be important for clinicians to consider the impact of diagnostic labelling, and whether a patient's ability to recall such labelling may have an influence on their outcomes.
NADPH oxidases in healthy white adipose tissue and in obesity: function, regulation, and clinical implications
Authors: Jornayvaz François R. , Gariani Karim , Somm Emmanuel , Jaquet Vincent , Bouzakri Karim , Szanto Ildiko
Published: September 2024

Reactive oxygen species, when produced in a controlled manner, are physiological modulators of healthy white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion and metabolic function. By contrast, unbridled production of oxidants is associated with pathological WAT expansion and the establishment of metabolic dysfunctions, most notably insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. NADPH oxidases (NOXs) produce oxidants in an orderly fashion and are present in adipocytes and in other diverse WAT‐constituent cell types. Recent studies have established several links between aberrant NOX‐derived oxidant production, adiposity, and metabolic homeostasis. The objective of this review is to highlight the physiological roles attributed to diverse NOX isoforms in healthy WAT and summarize current knowledge of the metabolic consequences related to perturbations in their adequate oxidant production. We detail WAT‐related alterations in preclinical investigations conducted in NOX‐deficient murine models. In addition, we review clinical studies that have employed NOX inhibitors and currently available data related to human NOX mutations in metabolic disturbances. Future investigations aimed at understanding the integration of NOX‐derived oxidants in the regulation of the WAT cellular redox network are essential for designing successful redox‐related precision therapies to curb obesity and attenuate obesity‐associated metabolic pathologies.
Relationship between surfactant content and the properties of microfibrillated cellulose/high density polyethylene composites
Authors: Yang Xiaohui , Wang Weihong , Long Mei , Xiang Li , Cao Yan , Hao Jianxiu
Published: September 2024

Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was uniformly dispersed in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) using a large amount of surfactant, and composites were prepared after removing the surfactant at different contents. The structural, morphological, thermal, and tensile properties of these composites were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated an asymptotic relationship between the amount of surfactant removed and the number of removal cycles. A negative linear correlation was observed between the surfactant content and the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and storage modulus at −20 °C of the composites, while a positive linear correlation was found with the loss modulus at −20 °C. Excessive surfactant adversely affected the dispersion of MFC, as well as the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites. However, when the surfactant content was below 2.8%, its impact on the composite properties was minimal, and the tensile strength, modulus, and thermal stability of the composites were significantly improved compared to neat HDPE. These findings indicate that surfactant pretreatment is an effective strategy for dispersing MFC in non‐polar polymers, and controlling the surfactant content in the final product can effectively tailor the properties of the resulting composites.

Highlights

Confirms the relationship between surfactant content and MFC/HDPE composite properties.

Surfactant content showed an asymptotic relationship with removal cycles.

Surfactant content and mechanical properties exhibited a negative linear correlation.

Surfactant content and thermal stability exhibited a negative relationship.

Surfactant content had minor impact when below 2.8%.
Simple preparation of ultra‐thin white g‐C3N4 nano‐sheets and their use as nanofillers to enhance the tribological properties of epoxy composite coating
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Xiaoni , Chen Beibei , Chen Kai
Published: September 2024

Graphite phase carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has shown great promise as a functional filler in the field of friction. But at present, research in the field of friction mainly focuses on bulk g‐C3N4 or obtaining g‐C3N4 nano‐sheets through inefficient exfoliation strategies, which greatly limits its industrial applications. In the study, a simple and effective secondary calcination method has been developed to successfully fabricate ultrathin white g‐C3N4 nano‐sheets. The mass ratio of the same volume of bulk g‐C3N4 and white g‐C3N4 nano‐sheets was as high as 50:1. Subsequently, the tribological performance of epoxy (EP) composite coatings containing different contents of bulk g‐C3N4 and g‐C3N4 nano‐sheets were researched. The EP composite coatings containing 1 wt.% g‐C3N4 nano‐sheets possess the lowest wear rate and friction coefficient in all samples, which is attributed to the two‐dimensional planar structure and high specific surface area of g‐C3N4 nano‐sheets make it easier to transfer to the dual surface to form the excellent transfer film under the action of friction force, so that the friction mainly occurs between a dual surface and a transfer film, which effectively improves the tribological performance of the coatings.

Highlights

Ultrathin white g‐C3N4 nano‐sheets were prepared by secondary calcination.

EP‐1 wt.% g‐C3N4 nanosheets show the best tribological properties.

g‐C3N4 nanosheet is easy to transfer to dual surfaces to form transfer films.

This work provides guidance for the application of nanofillers in tribology.
‘I Live With Lynch. Cancer Worry Ebbs Into the Background, Then Something Brings It to the Fore.’ A Qualitative Interview Study Exploring How Lynch Syndrome Carriers Make Sense of Their Cancer Risks and Implications to Support Decision Making
Authors: Kohut Kelly , Morton Kate , Turner Lesley , Foster Rebecca , Bancroft Elizabeth K. , Esplen Mary Jane , Hanson Helen , Hurley Karen , Snape Katie ,   CanGene‐CanVar Patient Reference Panel,   International Lynch Decision Aid Stakeholder Panel, Eccles Diana , Foster Claire
Published: September 2024

Background

Lynch syndrome carriers (‘carriers’) are presented with complex, emotionally laden choices regarding management of increased genetic cancer risks. Decision aids encourage active involvement in values‐based health decisions. This paper aimed to address the research question: How do Lynch syndrome carriers make sense of their chances of developing cancer, and what are the implications for providing support with decision making about genetic cancer risk management?

Methods

Adult carriers were recruited through a genetics service or involvement with Lynch Syndrome UK. Semi‐structured interviews explored lived experiences of carriers' access to care with a focus on decision support. Themes were constructed using framework analysis. These were developed into a conceptual model with recommendations for codevelopment of improved information and support including a tailored decision aid to complement integrated healthcare.

Results

Twenty participants included 12 women and eight men, half with a history of cancer. Six overarching themes were: (1) finding balance with Lynch; (2) living ‘on higher alert’; (3) managing uncertainty: ‘I've thought about it a lot’; (4) burden of responsibility: ‘It's on me’; (5) access to joined‐up care and support: ‘There's something missing’; and (6) influence/pressure from others.

Conclusions

This qualitative interview study provided in‐depth insights from Lynch syndrome carriers about their lived experiences, informed by their values. Recommendations to empower carriers to make sense of genetic cancer risks and support decisions included accessible, trusted information, educated healthcare professionals, shared decision making, and joined‐up integrated care pathways complemented by tailored decision aids.
Clinical characteristics of Chinese children with EV‐D68‐associated pneumonia: A single‐center retrospective analysis
Authors: Xu Shasha , Tang Yu , Li Min , Zhang Lei , Su Yanyan , Wang Yanqiong , Liu Yuemei , Shen Yuelin
Published: September 2024

Background

Human enterovirus D68 (EV‐D68) has been associated with an increase in mild‐to‐severe pediatric respiratory diseases in western countries. However, the prevalence and clinical characteristics of EV‐D68‐associated pneumonia in China remain understudied.

Methods

Between January 2022 and January 2024, 28 patients with EV‐D68‐associated pneumonia were enrolled. We described the prevalence, demographic, and clinical characteristics of patients with EV‐D68‐associated pneumonia.

Results

Among the 28 enrolled patients, the male‐to‐female ratio was 1.5:1, and the average age at onset was 4.6 ± 2.7 years. Four (14.3%) required intensive care support. Monoinfection occurred in 11 cases (39.3%), while coinfections were seen in 17 cases (60.7%). 82.1% of patients had a history of one or more atopic diseases. The primary symptoms of EV‐D68‐associated pneumonia included cough (100%), wheezing (53.6%), and fever (53.6%). Radiologically, patchy opacity was the predominant feature, observed in 72.7% of cases. No statistically significant differences were found in symptoms, laboratory tests, or imaging findings between the monoinfection and coinfection groups. Except for one case who developed quadriplegia sequelae, all patients had a favorable prognosis.

Conclusion

EV‐D68 is not a common pathogen for community‐acquired pneumonia in China. It mainly affects young children, particularly those with atopic constitution. The overall prognosis is favorable, although neurological complications are rare and may lead to severe sequelae. This study is the first investigation into the prevalence and clinical characteristics of EV‐D68‐associated pneumonia in China.
Theoretical Insights into Enhanced Photothermal Efficiency in Titanium Oxynitride
Authors: Phan Anh D. , Bui Dang Nhat‐Le , Dung Dinh Ngoc , Nga Do T. , Bui Hao Van , Lam Vu D.
Published: September 2024

A comprehensive theoretical framework integrating density functional theory (DFT) and finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations to investigate absorption and photothermal properties of titanium oxynitride (TiON) is presented. DFT‐calculated dielectric data combined with theoretical estimations of effective thermal properties and mass density are used to predict absorption spectra and light‐induced temperature rise in TiON metamaterials and slabs. It is shown that a two‐layer nanoring metamaterial with moderate oxygen doping achieves over 95% absorption across the 550–1500 nm range due to the interplay between localized surface plasmon resonance and intrinsic TiON losses. This leads to enhanced photothermal heating effects in the TiON metamaterials compared to the TiON slab. The findings reveal that there exists an optimal oxygen doping level in TiON, where the photothermal efficiency is maximized due to a balance between enhanced absorption and reduced thermal conductivity. These results are consistent with prior works and provide insights into tailoring TiON for diverse solar energy applications.
Evaluating the Use of Predicted Cushion Curves for Comparing the Performance of Some Sustainable Cushion Systems
Authors: Rouillard V. , Lamb M. J.
Published: September 2024

This paper studies the cushion performance of a range of sustainable cushion systems and applies two methods to estimate cushion curves from limited cushion test data. The methods employed were previously developed to allow for (1) the conversion of cushion curves representing a material's performance for a given drop height and sample thickness to alternative (non‐measured) drop heights and sample thicknesses and (2) generating a complete cushion curve for a given thickness and drop height from a single acceleration (shock) measurement. The results include those generated for medium‐density polyethylene (MDP) closed‐cell foam for benchmarking of the materials and to aid in validating the approach. The results indicate that predicting cushion curves from single shock measurements is generally accurate for polymeric materials (MDP closed‐sell foam and HDPE inflated bag) but much less so for organic materials (sugarcane bagasse and perforated cardboard). Finally, all alternative cushioning materials and systems evaluated are shown to only be effective for very low static stresses. This finding demonstrates that much higher volumes are required when using the alternative materials to achieve the same cushioning effectiveness as MPD foam.
Separation of mycolic acid isomers by cyclic ion mobility‐mass spectrometry
Authors: de las Heras Prieto Hector , Cole Laura M. , Forbes Sarah , Palmer Martin , Schwartz‐Narbonne Rachel
Published: September 2024

Rationale

Mycobacterial species contain high concentrations of mycolic acids in their cell wall. Mycobacteria can pose a threat to both human health and the environment. Mass spectrometry lipidomic characterization can identify bacterial species and suggest targets for microbiological interventions. Due to the complex structures of mycolic acids and the possibility of isobaric isomers, multiple levels of separation are required for complete characterization. In this study, cyclic ion mobility (cIM) mass spectrometry (MS) was used for the analysis, separation and fragmentation of mycolic acids isomers from the bacterial species Gordonia amarae and Mycobacterium bovis.

Methods

Mycolic acid isomers were interrogated from cultured G. amarae biomass and commercially available M. bovis mycolic acid extracts. These were infused into a cIM‐enabled quadrupole time‐of‐flight MS. Ions of interest were non‐simultaneously selected with the quadrupole and passed around the cyclic ion mobility device multiple times. Fragment ion analysis was then performed for the resolved isomers of the quadrupole‐selected ions.

Results

Repeated passes of the cIM device successfully resolved otherwise overlapping MA isomers, allowing isomer isolation and producing an ion‐specific post‐mobility fragmentation spectrum without isomeric interference.

Conclusions

Mycolic acids (MA) isomers from G. amarae and M. bovis were resolved, resulting in a high mobility resolution and low interference fragmentation analysis. These revealed varying patterns of MA isomers in the two species: G. amarae's most abundant ion of each set of MA has 1–2 conformations, while the MA + 2 m/z the most abundant ion of each set has 3–6 conformations. These were resolved after 70 passes of the cyclic device. M. bovis' most abundant ion of each keto‐MA set has 2 conformations, while the keto‐MA + 2 m/z has 1–2 conformations. These were resolved after 75 passes.
The Effect of Resistance Training on Markers of Cachexia in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hanania Reina , Marina Nephtali , Cucchiaro Brittany , Slee Adrian
Published: September 2024

Background

Cachexia is a metabolic syndrome characterised by muscle wasting that is highly prevalent in subjects with heart failure (HF) and negatively affects physical function, quality of life, morbidity and mortality. Resistance training has been recently incorporated into cardiac rehabilitation exercise programmes to increase muscle strength in patients with HF. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to assess the effects of resistance training on markers of cachexia in patients with HF.

Methods

Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL) were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of resistance training‐only programmes on published criteria for cachexia assessment including muscle strength, body composition (e.g. lean mass/muscle mass) or biochemical markers of cachexia (e.g. inflammatory markers) in patients with HF. Studies were selected based on pre‐specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a risk of bias assessment carried out. Meta‐analyses of muscle strength outcomes were completed using RevMan 5.4.1.

Results

Nine studies were included in this review. Pooled analysis of one repetition‐maximum strength test of the lower [SMD 0.67 (95% Cl – 0.12, 1.22) p‐value = 0.02] and upper extremities [SMD 1.20 (95% Cl – 0.62, 1.79) p‐value <0.0001] showed a significant increase in muscle strength associated with resistance training, which are both important indicators of physical function. Resistance training did not increase muscle strength during rapid movements measured via peak torque at 60, 90 or 180°/s. There were no significant results recorded for changes in body composition and biochemical markers of cachexia. There were inconsistent findings for the effect of resistance training on quality of life. No studies reported findings on measures of anorexia or fatigue.

Conclusions

The findings of this review reveal the potential benefits of resistance training in preserving and enhancing muscle strength in patients with HF who are at risk of cardiac cachexia. Despite inconclusive results on body composition and quality of life, the inclusion of resistance training in cardiac rehabilitation guidelines has the potential to address issues of muscle weakness and frailty. Specific resistance training protocol recommendations to prevent or treat the development of cachexia cannot be made without the publication of more robust RCTs, specifically examining cachectic patients with heart failure with careful assessment of clinical outcomes of markers of cachexia.
Robotic Left Hepatectomy Using the Glissonean Approach and Saline‐Linked Bipolar Clamp‐Crush Technique
Authors: Kajiwara Masatoshi , Naito Shigetoshi , Sasaki Takahide , Nakashima Ryo , Hasegawa Suguru
Published: September 2024

Background

We have previously reported a saline‐linked bipolar clamp‐crush technique as a novel robotic liver resection method. Herein, we present the surgical techniques and outcomes of robotic left hepatectomy using the Glissonean approach and our liver transection technique.

Methods

The key procedures included the following: (1) encircling the left Glissonean pedicle using the Tip‐Up fenestrated grasper, (2) dissecting the liver parenchyma using the saline‐linked bipolar clamp‐crush technique, (3) moving the endoscope one trocar to the right to facilitate visualisation of the liver transection plane, and (4) stapling the left pedicle and left hepatic vein. Seven robotic left hepatectomies were performed.

Results

The median operative time and estimated blood loss were 395 min and 50 mL, respectively. The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 9 days. Pneumothorax was the only severe postoperative complication.

Conclusions

Robotics left hepatectomy using the Glissonean approach and the saline‐linked bipolar clamp‐crush technique appears safe and feasible.
Compound heterozygous KCTD19 variants in a man with isolated nonobstructive azoospermia
Authors: Muranishi Yuki , Katoh‐Fukui Yuko , Hattori Atsushi , Kobori Yoshitomo , Osaka Akiyoshi , Okada Hiroshi , Iwahata Toshiyuki , Kon Masafumi , Shinohara Nobuo , Fukami Maki
Published: September 2024

Case

A 40‐year‐old Japanese man with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) was found to carry rare variants in KCTD19, a newly identified causative gene for spermatogenic failure. This patient was identified through mutation screening of KCTD19 in 97 men with etiology‐unknown isolated NOA.

Outcome

The patient had two heterozygous variants in KCTD19 that affect consensus sequences of splice‐donor sites [c.300+2T>A and c.2667C>T (p.E889E)]. Both variants were predicted to cause exon skipping. Long‐read sequencing confirmed the compound heterozygosity of the variants. The patient exhibited small testes and a mildly elevated level of follicle‐stimulating hormone but no other phenotypic abnormalities. Testicular histology showed borderline findings between spermatocyte maturation arrest and severe hypospermatogenesis.

Conclusion

These results provide evidence that biallelic loss‐of‐function variants of KCTD19 represent rare causes of isolated NOA.
Contingent Contradictions and the (Il)Logics of Adolescence: Examining How Undergraduates in an LGBTQ+ Young Adult Literature Course Read Queer Youth
Authors: Smith Kyle P. , Wargo Jon M.
Published: September 2024

This article explores how undergraduate students enrolled in a postsecondary course centering LGBTQ+ young adult literature came to discursively construct notions of queer youth. Braiding postdevelopmental and poststructural theories of childhood with queer theory, we interrogated how what we name as the (il)logics of adolescence shaped who and what queer youth, as a construct, was and could be for participants. Reading across classroom artifacts and student talk about texts, our findings highlight the shifting and multiple (il)logics offered by students as they attempted to unsettle understandings of queer youth in conjunction with course novels. In particular, we examine how two constitutive theories—homonormativity and chrononormativity—generated both contingent and contradictory moments wherein the subject of the queer child was both regulated and liberated by participants. Offering implications that expand understandings in both the reading and teaching of queer young adult literature, the study closes by discussing this particularly contentious moment, noting possibilities in how LGBTQ+ adolescents can and cannot be rendered and understood through stories of youth.
Experimental and Quantum Chemical Studies of a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acidic Chloride Solution
Authors: Zou Jiawei , Ai Wenying , Zhao Qifeng , Liu Kexin , Zhang Wenjing , Liu Yuan , Li Ping , Li Pengyu , Cui Siwen , Cao Jian , Jiao Mingli , Li Xia
Published: September 2024

A green corrosion inhibitor was prepared from the bio‐based platform compound 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural through a green synthetic route, which avoid the use of toxic reagent. The inhibition performance and mechanism of this compound for the corrosion of mild steel in 0.1 M HCl was investigated by using the weight loss experiments, polarization measurements, EIS measurements and quantum chemical calculations. The corrosion inhibition efficiency by weight loss measurement (ηWLM%) of this inhibitor can reach up to 90.3 % at 303 K with 1.2 mM concentration. Moreover, the electrochemical experiments revealed that this corrosion inhibitor acts as a mixed‐type inhibitor. Thermodynamic studies gave the values of the standard Gibbs free energy
, fall within the range of −20 kJ/mol to −40 kJ/mol, suggested the adsorption of this compound is a spontaneous process involving both physisorption and chemisorption. In addition, quantum chemical calculations were conducted to further validate the formation of an effective absorption layer by this inhibitor on metal surfaces, which showed that the electron density iso‐surfaces of HOMO was mainly distributed on chloride ions, while LUMO tended to be distributed on furan rings and aldehyde groups. Besides, the other quantum chemical parameters of this inhibitor were also calculated to explore the molecular activity, such as, the molecular volume (ν, 333.105 Å), global hardness (η, 4.706 eV), global softness (σ, 0.2125 eV), electronegativity (χ, 4.93 eV), dipolemoment (μ, 13.1429 D) and vertical ionization energy (VIE, 7.2646 eV).
Polymersomes: Beyond Basics‐Synthesis, Stimuli Response and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Athulya K. R. , Varughese Titto , Kumar Anitha C.
Published: September 2024

Polymersomes, also known as polymeric vesicles, have high potential in the field of biomedicines due to their high stability and ability to carry hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials to the targeted sites without any loss. The self‐assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers into hollow spherical structures, known as polymersomes, has opened up new frontiers in biomedicine and other bio‐related applications. These structures harness the unique properties of biopolymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polypeptides, which contribute to their biocompatibility and functionality. The need for efficient materials for applications in the field of targeted drug delivery, theranostics, and bio‐imaging is increasing day by day so that scientists are in search of efficient polymersomes by making modifications in their structures. This review outlines various block copolymers from which polymersomes can be made, the types of polymersomes, the ways to prepare the materials along with the biomedical applications that the polymersomes can be opted for. Here we discuss about self‐assembly techniques like solvent switch, microfluid, pH tuning and polymerization induced self‐assembly. The present paper provides an overview of stimuli‐responsive polymersomes. Towards the end of the review, several applications of polymersomes are covered, such as drug administration, imaging, theranostics, and usage as nanoreactors.
Controlled Release Simvastatine from Molecularly Imprinted Cryogel Membranes
Authors: Faalnouri Sona , Çimen Duygu , Vargel İbrahim , Denizli Adil , Bereli Nilay
Published: September 2024

In this study, poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐N‐methacryloyl‐L‐tryptophan methyl ester) cryogel membranes were synthesized in different concentrations by using molecular imprinting technique, for controlled release of simvastatin. The cryogel membranes were prepared in various compositions and thus the releases of cryogels containing 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg hydrophilic simvstatin were compared. The chemical and morphological properties of the poly(HEMA‐MATrp) cryogel membranes were evaluated through a series of characterization techniques. The membranes were subjected to swelling tests to assess their ability to absorb water and their degree of crosslinking. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy was applied to determine the functional groups present in the cryogel matrix and to evaluate the degree of chemical modification that occurred during synthesis. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was employed to visualize the cryogel at high resolution, providing insights into the pore structure and overall architecture of the matrix. Then, cryogel membranes were evaluated for cell proliferation abilities by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl/thiazol‐2‐yl) 2,5‐diphenyltetra zolium bromide thiazolyl blue (MTT) assay for cell viability. The prepared cryogel membranes have a diameter and thickness of about 10 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively. The increasing attention towards the use of cryogel membranes in tissue‐engineering has resulted in demonstrating the dependency of release profiles of simvastatin cryogel membranes on their composition.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Quinoline‐1,2,3‐Triazole Hybrids as CYP51 Inhibitors: In Silico Study and In Vitro Antimicrobial Assessment
Authors: Chabhadiya Bhadreshkumar K. , Naik Hem N. , Mohite Bhavika A. , Ahmad Iqrar , Naliapara Yogesh , Rajani Dhanji , Ali Mohd Sajid , Patel Harun , Jauhari Smita
Published: September 2024

Novel Quinoline‐triazole hybrid derivatives (9 a–9 l) were designed and synthesized via click reaction methodology to develop lead compounds with good antibacterial and antifungal potency. Synthetic compounds have been characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrum analysis. In‐vitro antibacterial activity against two gram‐positive and two gram‐negative strains and in‐vitro antifungal activity against three different strains were performed for the synthesized compounds. Compounds 9 a, 9 d, and 9 i exhibited potent inhibition activity against S. aureus ranging from MIC=12.5–50 μg/mL, and compounds 9 a, 9 c, 9 d, 9 e, 9 f, 9 j, and 9 l exhibited potent inhibition activity against C. albicans fungal strains ranging from MFC=250–500 μg/mL. Molecular docking study of C. albicans Sterol 14α‐demethylase (CYP51) protein (PDB ID:5TZ1) and S. aureus tyrosyl‐tRNA synthetase (PDB ID: 1JIJ) was performed to understand the mechanism of action through which these derivatives work. In silico studies of Hybrid 9 d demonstrated strong hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions with Tyr64, Phe233, and Phe228 in line with the co‐crystals SB‐239629 and VT1161 exhibiting favorable interactions that inhibits both bacterial and fungal strains.
WO3 Nanoparticle/Biomass Derived N‐Doped Activated Carbon Decorated with Polyaniline Nanofibers Ternary Nanocomposite for High‐Performance Symmetric and Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Bejjanki Dinesh , Mohan Seepana Murali , Kumar Kishant , Kumar Puttapati Sampath
Published: September 2024

Supercapacitors have captured the curiosity of researchers due to their extremely high energy storage capacity. Hybrid supercapacitors deliver high specific capacitance values compared to the exciting (electrical double layer capacitor) EDLC and pseudocapacitors. This work presents a simple and scalable synthetic method to design a hybrid ternary composite as electrode material. In this work, the combination of EDLC‐type behaviour material, i. e., sustainable biomass‐derived Nitrogen‐doped activated carbon (NAC) and pseudocapacitive behaviour electrode materials, i. e., metal oxides (tungsten oxide) and conductive polymer (polyaniline) are selected to achieve a high gravimetric capacity. The PANi/WO3/NAC (PWNAC) ternary composite is tested for symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC). In a symmetric capacitor, PWNAC acts as both the positive and negative electrode, whereas in ASC, PWNAC acts as the positive electrode and NAC as the negative electrode. It is observed that the ASC shows a better capacitance value than symmetric. ASC operates at a potential range of 1.4 V in 1 M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte, shows a maximum capacitance of 608.2 F/g at 0.5 A/g, and has long capacitance retention of 98.32 % of its initial capacitance after 2000 charge‐discharge cycles.
A Series of Azepano‐Betulins with Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Kazakova Oxana , Petrova Anastasiya , Terekhova Alina , Vakhitova Yulia , Polovyanenko Dmitriy , Bagryanskaya Irina
Published: September 2024

A series of lupane‐type A‐ring azepanes modified at the C28, C30 positions and NH‐group have been synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the NCI‐60 cancer cell line panel. Azepano‐betulinic amides showed pronounced activity, with a GI50 range from 0.57 μM to 14.30 μM, being 4–5 times more active than doxorubicin against colon cancer HCT‐15 and ovarian cancer NCI/ADR‐RES. It was established that azepano‐betulinic cyclohexyl‐amide acts preferentially through apoptosis induction both in conditionally normal and tumor cells, demonstrating mainly cytotoxic properties, whereas earlier studied azepano‐betulin acted by triggering the cell cycle arrest in cancerous cells and displayed mostly cytostatic activity. The crystal structure of N‐methyl‐azepano‐betulin hydrochloride salt was established by X‐ray diffraction method.
Synthesis of Newly Ester Type Gemini Cationic Surfactants: Surface Properties, Fabric Softness and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Wang Yakui , Ai Haokang , Geng Tao , Ju Hongbin , Li Jun , Wang Zhifei , Zhang Lu , Jiang Yajie
Published: September 2024

Four ester cationic Gemini surfactants (EDQ‐n, n represents the carbon number in the raw fatty acid of 12, 14, 16 and 18) were synthesized from fatty acid, N, N‐dimethylethanolamine and 1, 4‐dibromobutane by two‐step reaction of esterification and quaternization. Their surface activities at air/water interface were investigated. The application performance such as water solubility, antistatic property, fabric softness, fabric whiteness, biodegradability, and antibacterial activities were tested and compared with traditional quaternary ammonium salt. The results showed that the γcmc increases with increasing the hydrophobic chain length and EDQ‐12 presented the highest surface activity. The diffusion coefficients calculated from the Ward‐Tordai equation indicates the adsorption process is a mixed‐diffusion kinetic adsorption mechanism. The water solubility of EDQ‐n is higher than dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (D1821) and ester quaternary ammonium salt (Esterquats). The fabric softness and whiteness properties of EDQ‐16 and EDQ‐18 are similar to D1821 and Esterquats, which can significantly reduce the cotton fabric softness and have no significant difference in whiteness retention. EDQ‐n demonstrated more readily biodegradation(>90 %) than D1821(0 %) after seven days. In addition, EDQ‐12 and EDQ‐14 show excellent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in comparison with conventional bacteriostatic agent didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC).
Rapid Single‐Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Phase Pure VO2 (M) with Tailored Morphology
Authors: Mawazzan Mohammedhamidraza A , Rabinal M. K.
Published: September 2024

Monoclinic VO2 (M) is a material of great significance in the study of correlation effects in solids because of its reversible metal‐insulator phase transition between VO2 (M) and VO2 (R) just above the room temperature. Synthesizing pure monoclinic VO2 (M) can be a challenging task due to the formation of other polymorphs such as VO2 (A), VO2 (B), VO2 (D) and VO2 (P) etc. during the synthesis. Additionally, these synthesis techniques involve complex multistep procedures with protective gas environment and controlled reaction parameters clubbed with elongated reaction time ranging from 1 to 7 days which are major obstacles in the mass production of this material. Here we report a novel and rapid synthetic protocol of VO2 (M) for first time using diethylene triamine (DETA) as a reducing and morphology controlling agent in hydrogen peroxide medium. The detailed characterization of prepared materials confirms the formation of phase pure VO2 (M) crystalline powders. The present approach helps to tune these particles from one‐dimensional rods to two‐dimensional petals like structures.
Amperometric Determination of Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid with a Carbon Paste‐Yttrium Oxide Electrode
Authors: Riesco Fernando , Roldán‐Tello Luz , Cosco‐Salguero Gloria A. , Nagles Edgar
Published: September 2024

This report presents a new application for yttrium oxide (YOX) in the modification of carbon paste electrodes with excellent electroactivity for the independent detection of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA). The surface of the YOX‐modified electrode was characterized with SEM and EDS. The electroactive properties of DP and AA were studied with cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and amperometry (Am). The activity of DA and AA increased by more than 100 % when YOX/CPE was used, which allowed us to obtain detection limits of 0.04 and 0.06 μmol/L for DA and AA, respectively. The usefulness of YOX/CPE was tested with real human urine, fresh orange juice and vitamin C tablets, and the results were acceptable.
Inclusion Complexation of Flavonoids with Cyclodextrin: Molecular Docking and Experimental Study
Authors: Ming Liu Wei , Yun Zhou Hui , Qiang Jiang Shuai , Ping Dai Su , Wang Yin , Jia Yang Jia , Wei Chen Ya , Liang Chen Jun , Jin Park Hyun
Published: September 2024

In our work, the inclusion ability and binding pattern of flavonoids (catechin, iso‐liquiritigenin, luteolin, puerarin, rutin, and curcumin) with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and curcumin (CUR) with CDs (α‐CD, β‐CD, γ‐CD, dimethyl‐β‐CD, Hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD, and glucosyl‐β‐CD) were studied by molecular docking. The results showed that CUR among the six flavonoids was more likely to form stable inclusion complexes with β‐CD, and the HP‐β‐CD is the most suitable for CUR inclusion among the 6 types of CD. Phase solubility studies showed that CUR with β‐CD or HP‐β‐CD, respectively, could form stable inclusion complexes in a stoichiometric ratio of 1 : 1. The CUR/β‐CD and CUR/HP‐β‐CD inclusion complexes (ICs) were prepared by freeze‐drying method. The successful preparation of IC was confirmed by SEM images, FT‐IR spectra, and TG‐DSC. The results of in vitro release showed that the release of CUR from IC prepared with β‐CD or HP‐β‐CD could be improved significantly, and the release effect of HP‐β‐CD was better than that of β‐CD. The inclusion with CD could be used to improve the solubility and bioavailability of CUR.
Nano‐ZnFe2O4 Facilitates Lithium Metal Anode Achieving High Stability
Authors: Li Lei , Li Juanjuan , Hu Chunhong , Tan Shijiang , Shen Anwei , Wang Xin
Published: September 2024

Due to its remarkably low redox potential and high specific capacity, the lithium metal anode has long been regarded as the ultimate choice for anode in lithium‐ion cells. However, its practical application has been impeded by two major challenges: poor Coulomb efficiency and the inevitable formation of lithium dendrites during charging/discharging processes. In this study, we propose a method to address these issues by fabricating a protective layer for the lithium metal anode using a polyethylene separator that has been modified with a composite of zinc nanoferrite and porous carbon (referred to as ZnFe2O4@PE). By employing this approach, we aim to achieve enhanced stability during anode cycling. The ZnFe2O4@PE serves multiple purposes. Firstly, it effectively reduces the local current density, thereby mitigating the drastic volume changes that occur during charging and discharging. Additionally, the nano‐ZnFe2O4 possesses a favorable affinity for lithium ions, facilitating their homogeneous deposition and suppressing the growth of lithium dendrites. As a result, the lithium metal anodes coated with the ZnFe2O4@PE protective layer exhibit excellent cycling stability, maintaining stable performance for 250 h. This innovative strategy offers a promising application pathway for lithium metal anodes.