bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Groundwater Vulnerability Analysis in the Cikao Sub-Watershed, Jatiluhur, Purwakarta: A Critical Study for Resource Management
Authors: Barkah Mochamad Nursiyam , Listiawan Yudhi , Waliyana T. Yan , Hadian Mohamad Sapari Dwi , Sulaksana Nana , . Hendarmawan
Published: February 2025

An area's development leads to a rise in its population. The need for clean water also rises as a result of this population growth. The quality of groundwater, one of the community's clean water sources, is determined by subsurface conditions. The goal of the study is to determine how much the Cikao sub-watershed is impacted by the degree of groundwater vulnerability. It also seeks to ascertain its relationship to the distribution of contaminated groundwater in the same region.   East of Purwakarta Regency's Jatiluhur Reservoir sits the Cikao sub-watershed. The Citarum watershed includes this sub-watershed. The quality of groundwater might deteriorate due to contamination. The DRASTIC approach was used in this investigation. Seven parameters are used in this approach. Direct measurements in main data and indirect measures in secondary data yield the seven parameters. Following processing and analysis, the measurement results are displayed as a thematic map. After that, a map of groundwater vulnerability is superimposed with the seven parameters.  The Cikao sub-watershed has three categories of vulnerability, according to the findings of the DRASTIC method analysis: Medium Low (9.76%), Medium High (71.56%), and High (18.68%). The slope and the distance to the depth of the groundwater table are the main determinants of the degree of vulnerability in the Cikao Sub-watershed. According to the findings of the groundwater chemistry test, every sample examined remained within the safe threshold. The iron (Fe) and Nitrate (NO3) elements in the low medium susceptibility zone have the highest levels of content compared to the high susceptibility zone. Please pay attention to vulnerability zones for further regional development, especially the distance from the surface to the groundwater table and the slope.
Redução do refugo através da aplicação do método FTIR - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy em processos de transformação do plástico: um estudo de caso em uma empresa de embalagens
Authors: Bastos Fernando Henrique Custódio , Romão Kerley Cristiane Victorino
Published: February 2025

A indústria nacional de embalagens plásticas possui um destaque importante nossa sociedade, ela agrega inúmeras tecnologias e está sempre em busca novos elementos que possam prover o desenvolvimento de seu setor. Deste modo fazer um estudo sobre como ela lida com os pontos que envolvem o controle de seus processos, sobretudo em como ela trata as questões relacionadas a eliminação das perdas ligadas a fabricação de seus produtos se mostra importante. O presente estudo, busca apresentar uma análise em uma empresa embalagens, que utiliza o processo de sopro, como base para seus processos de transformação do plástico, para atender o mercado do agronegócio. Para isso, foi utilizado algumas ferramentas da qualidade e o FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) visando realizar a caracterização do material polimérico para compreender os elementos causadores de perdas dentro de seu processo produtivo. Com estes dados em mão foi possível traçar estratégias para a redução das perdas dentro do processo, causando um aumento na produtividade e evitando desperdícios – será corrigido após a adição do item 3.4 com os resultados do teste FTIR.
When it comes to academic libraries, which term is more appropriate: "social" or "communal?" The development of academic libraries and their future prospects
Authors: Hasnain Ahmad
Published: February 2025

University libraries have extended their offerings to incorporate cafes, larger study spaces, and "information commons" in order to meet the social demands of students. This modification is a direct response to the prevailing notion that university libraries are seeing a decline in the number of visitors and the availability of their resources. This study offers a comprehensive examination of several social models in contrast to the traditional emphasis of academic libraries on the local community. Academic libraries are known to offer a unique type of community that regular visitors greatly appreciate. The current efforts of the academic library to promote a wider social agenda may lead to unexpected negative outcomes and a decline in community solidarity.
Propagation of Racial Feminism and Patriarchal Environment In The Short Story of Katherine Mansfield, A Cup of Tea: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Amna Waqar  , Saeeda Sajid Mehmoud
Published: February 2025

This research article explains the racial feminism within the radical feminism in patriarchal society in one of the famous short story of the 20th century modernist and feminist writer, Katherine Mansfield. It explains the different dimensions of feminism which a female has faced in this short story. Norman Fairclough’s 3D model of textual analysis has been applied on this story. It was that the story manifests different items of racial feminism thereby unfolds the layers of racism through the lens of patriarchal dominance throughout the story. It is recommended to explore the other related dimensions such as eco-feminism in further research.
Patriotism in Iqbal’s Thought
Authors: Neelum Ambreen  , Nida Munir  , Rafia Malik
Published: February 2025

Dr. Muhammad Iqbal is one of the great poets of our 20th century. His character and personality and poetry is different affect that he was a great reader and a great poet of the world. He is famous to be thought of Muslim then his starting poetry who has been affected by Hinduism. Iqbal gave the Muslims new awareness with his poetry of the world. The very well-done role in the poetry of Dr. Muhammad Iqbal of his interesting hard work. He was a National Hero of the Muslims. It is of course, that Iqbal was the poet who is always in the favor of Muslims and Islam. He was a great poet and philosopher. He describes to be followed the goal habits and important qualities of Islamic western traditional civilization.
Keywords:       Century, Personality, Poetry, National, Civilization, Philosopher, Muslim, Islam, Qualities.
L’energia verde e l’innovazione tecnologica, per una manutenzione sostenibile e replicabile nei piccoli comuni
Authors: Musio M.
Published: February 2025

Nei piccoli comuni la transizione energetica ed ecologica è un valore che si può coltivare valorizzando le persone e credendo fortemente sul potenziale del dipendente comunale. Il comune di Serrenti, piccolo centro del medio campidano nella provincia del sud Sardegna, dagli anni ’90 ha maturato l’idea di custodire la gestione del sistema energia internamente all’ente. Scelta che ha permesso al comune di ricevere una decina di premi sull’energia. Nacquero i progetti ILLUMINAMENTE e S.E.I (sistema energetico intelligente) che convergevano sulla riduzione sugli sprechi con una manutenzione circolare. I due progetti lavorando in sinergia tra rete stradale ed edifici pubblici hanno maturato dal 2008 risparmi di oltre 4 milioni di kwh con l’avvio nell’agosto del 2010 delle prime pionieristiche micro reti intelligenti. Con la manutenzione degli impianti fotovoltaici, le micro reti si evolvono con il progetto CASA DELL’ENERGIA. Con CIAO CIAO CO2 creiamo con le scuole dei laboratori didattici sull’energia verde. Con Luci F.E.R stiamo lavorando sulla smart city. Stiamo progettando la scuola delle energie rinnovabili chiamata L.E.I SA PA (Laboratorio dell’Energia e Innovazione per la Sostenibilità Ambientale nella Pubblica Amministrazione). Con il progetto ZERO-CARBOON SCHOOL, stiamo lavorando sulla decarbonizzazione degli edifici comunali dal combustibile fossile “GPL” a sistemi VRV che auto-consumano energia rinnovabile grazie alle nostre micro-reti.
Përfytyrimi gjeografik i Sami Frashërit për Iranin e Kohës se tij
Authors: Shpuza Gazmend
Published: February 2025

Në enciklopedinë e tij gjashtë vëllimore "Kamus al - a'lam", Sami Frashëri na jep informacion shumë të rëndësishëm për shumë vende të ndryshme të botës. Këtu do të paraqesim të dhënat që Sami Frashëri ofron për Iranin. Në këtë artikull enciklopedik ai jep një përshkrimi gjithëpërfshirës të Iranit duke marrë parasysh aspektin historik dhe gjeografik si dhe atë ekonomik, kulturor dhe strategjik. Ai gjithashtu përshkruan konfigurimin dhe rolin e Iranit gjatë historisë.
Beteja e Kosovës e vitit 1389 në historinë e Idris Bitlisit
Authors: Trako Salih
Published: February 2025

Ky studim paraqet një përkthim të përshkrimit të Betejës së Kosovës në një histori të madhe të Perandorisë Osmane në periudhën e tetë sulltanëve të parë (nga Osmani deri te Selimi I 1290-1512). Autori i të cilit është Idris Bitlisi, historian i njohur i oborrit Sulltan Bajaziti II, nga fundi i shek. XV. dhe fillimi i shek. XVI.Beteja e Kosovës paraqet momentin vendimtar për zhvillimet e mëtejshme historike në Ballkan. Kjo betejë ishte veçanërisht e rëndësishme për fatin e skllevërve të jugut, sepse ishte humbje e pavarësisë politike të popujve ballkanikë dhe fillimit të sundimit shekullor osman në këto anë.Beteja e Kosovës është përshkruar nga kronistët bashkëkohës apo të mëvonshëm dhe sipas atyre përshkrimeve është trajtuar në historiografinë tonë. Përjashtim në ato dokumente paraqet një histori e Bitlisit, e cila në rrëfimin dhe analizën e betejës nuk është përdorur nga historianët tanë. Ky libër konsiderohet ndryshe si burim i klasit të parë. Paraqitja e këtij burimi do të paraqesë një kontribut për një pamje më të besueshme të të gjitha fakteve thelbësore të ngjarjes së Kosovës dhe drejt kullës së saj për një kuptim më të mirë - dhe më objektiv.Ky përkthim është dhënë mbi bazën e dorëshkrimit të vetëm të Idris Bitlisit. Kjo vepër në vendin tonë gjendet në Arkivin Shtetëror në Zagreb. Ky vëllim u kopjua në vitin 1571, më pak se 60 vjet pas përfundimit të veprës origjinale, nga dorëshkrimi i Bitlisit. Për shkak të këtij fakti libri ka vlerë të madhe si burim.
Fjalori i sufizmit
Authors: Bamja Menduh
Published: February 2025

Bazë per lëndën e ketij tjalori, kane shërbyer fjaloret nga lemi të sufizmit të botuar në gjuhën turke. Fjalët e përdorura në këtë fjalor burimin e tyre e kanë në Kuran, hadithin e Muhamedit s.a.v.s. dhe praktikën sufiste, kurorën më suptile të gjeniut mysliman.Fjalori i sufizmave është i veçantë ngase është përdorur dhe përdoret për shprehjen e zbulesave hyjnore në zemër dhe për shprehjen e gjendjeve dhe të shkallëve në ngritjen shpirtërore të besimtarit të sinqertë, drejt pranisë së cilësive të bukura të Krijuesit.Duke qenë se gjuha sufiste është gjuhë e brendshme, është i pamundur përkthimi dhe komentimi i saj në gjuhën tonë të përditshme, racionale. Andaj, jemi përpjekur që me përshkrime të ofrojmë intenzitetin emocional dhe qetësinë racionale të shumicës së termave dhe të kuptimeve të tyre. Një vështërësi e veçantëgjatë hartimit të këtij fjalori ka qenë begatia e pafundme e gjuhës arabe dhe persiane. Nuk pretendojmë se kemi bërë një punë të madhe, por shpresojmë se kemi ofruar një ide fillestare për fjaiorin e sufizmit në gjuhën tonë.
Mahdi Beu Guvernatori i Jeruzalemit Osman në 1912 - Perspektiva e re e qëndrimit arab dhe çifut ndaj tij
Authors: Mufaku Muhammed , Al-Kayyali Abdul Hameed , Hassan Hassan
Published: February 2025

Shumë studime të botuara së fundmi në arabisht, anglisht dhe hebraisht rrethProjektit sionist në Palestinë janë fokusuar gjerësisht në krijimin dhebumi i vendbanimeve të para hebreje gjatë sundimit të Sulltan Abdulhamidit II(1876 -1909) si dhe në Partinë e Bashkimit dhe Përparimit (1909-1914). Këtostudimet kanë hetuar në veçanti pozicionin e administratës osmanendaj vendbanimeve hebraike në procedurat ligjore të marra ose për të parandaluarshitjen e tokave ose në lehtësimet e ofruara për anashkalimin e tyre. Prandaj, rëndësi ka Guvernatori (Mutsarrif) i cili ishte kreu i qarkut(Mutassrrifiya) ose administrata osmane e Jeruzalemit. Ky hulumtim ofronnjë vështrim i thellë i Mehdi beut (Frashëri), ​​guvernatorit të Jeruzalemit, i cili ishteu shkarkuar papritmas në fund të vitit 1912, vetëm pesë muaj pas mbërritjes në qytet.Për shkarkimin e tij janë paraqitur dy shpjegime kontradiktore; i pari supozon seMehdi beu u shkarkua si rezultat i presionit sionist për dëshirën e tij për tëzbatuar vendimin për ndalimin e blerjes së tokës nga hebrenjtë; ndërsa i dytithekson se ai u shkarkua për shkak të butësisë së tij me vendbanimet sioniste nëPalestinë.
Në shumë studime, ku përmendet origjina e tij shqiptare, thuhet seMehdi beu i injoroi plotësisht muajt që kaloi në Jeruzalem gjatë vitit 1912(Kujtime 1913-1933,Tiranë 2005). Burimet në shqip preferojnë që të mos përmendin ata muaj as pasi u bë një figurë e shquar në Shqipëri pas pavarësisë së saj nga Perandoria Osmane në 1912.
Ky hulumtim hedh dritë të re mbi historikun e Mehdi beut dhe ndikimin e tij nëqasjen e tij ndaj çështjes së hebrenjve në Palestinë. Ai gjithashtu diskuton se si arabët dheHebrenjtë e konsideronin atë bazuar në gjuhën shqipe, arabe, hebraike, angleze dhe frëngeletërsitë.
Egjiptianët në Kosovë
Authors: Gashi Skender
Published: February 2025

Kosova është një vend i vogël në Ballkan me shumicë shqiptare, por një vend i pasur me pakica të zhdukura dhe ekzistuese (serbë, turq, ciganë/romë etj.). Gjatë dekadave të fundit u shfaq një pakicë e re, e ashtuquajtura "egjiptiane", e cila tani ka partinë e saj politike dhe përfaqësues në Parlamentin e Kosovës. Pra, ky hulumtim përqendrohet në situatën politike e cila u krijua si rezultat i tensioneve shqiptaro-serbe gjatë sundimit të Sllobodan Millosheviqit, kur një grup ciganësh/romësh u deklaruan si "egjiptianë dhe u njohën nga regjimi politik, kështu që ata morën e drejta për t'u regjistruar si pakicë e re etnike në regjistrimin e popullsisë.Bazuar në sfondin historik që lidhet me ardhjen e Ciganëve/Romëve në Ballkan në rrugën e tyre drejt Evropës qendrore dhe perëndimore, autori hetoi lidhjen gjuhësore midis emrit vendas të këtij minoriteti "egjiptian" në Kosovë, Magjub dhe Egjipt, duke arritur në përfundimin se disa Ciganët/Romët mund të kenë ndalur në rrugën e tyre për disa herë në Gype (Peloponez) dhe kanë deklaruar më vonë kur kanë mbërritur në Evropën Qendrore dhe Perëndimore se kanë ardhur nga Egjipti.
Sadi dhe sfidat e njeriut bashkëkohor
Authors: Ghobadi Hussainali , Sharif Nasab Maryam , Sadeghi Maryam
Published: February 2025

Ndër larminë e veprave letrare që kanë ardhur në ekzistencë gjatë shekujve dhe epokave, janë të pakta që mund të mbeten në historinë e kulturës dhe letërsisë botërore. Midis tyre ka edhe udhëtim me gisht që kanë mundësinë të bëhen të pavdekshme në mendjen dhe kujtesën e njerëzve; po aq sa një vepër shkrim-leximi merret me të përbashkëtat, pyetjet dhe subjektivitetin dhe dhimbjet njerëzore; më shumë njerëz iu drejtuan për të gjetur një ndjenjë të supozuar konsubstanciale me të dhe për të gjetur "fjalën e tyre" në të. Padyshim që “Golestani i Sadiut mund të llogaritet si një nga veprat e tilla.Studimi aktual, hulumton Golestanin e Sadiut mbi respektimin e problemeve dhe turbullimeve me të cilat përballet edhe njeriu bashkëkohor. Strategjitë dhe teknikat e Sadie-t siç bazohen në humanizmin dhe mençurinë e tij, pragjet e larta dhe gjenialitetin e tij; në shumë situata duketende është një zgjidhje për njerëzit e sotëm dhe ky është sekreti i qëndrueshmërisë së Golestanit.Metoda e hulumtimit këtu është ajo përshkruese-analitike, e cila me qasjen ndërtekstuale dhe induksionale në tekst, është zbatuar dhe është dhënë përfundimi. Hulumtimi shpjegon se garat humanitare të Sadie-t dhe strategjitë dhe teknikat e tij janë përgjithësisht të zbatueshme për t'iu përgjigjur dhimbjeve dhe sfidave bashkëkohore njerëzore, sepse vështirësitë shpirtërore dhe kriza njerëzore janë rrënjosur në diskutimin themelor humanitar.
1999 Kosova Savaşından Sonra Oluşturulan Savaş Konulu Edebi̇yat
Authors: Sülçevsi Isa
Published: February 2025

Tarih kaynakları çoğunlukla savaşları, savaşları bitiren antlaşmaları, savaşların sebebiyet verdiği yıkım ve kıyımları, ekonomik sonuçları, savaşlarda müdahil olan tarafları, siyasi ve diplomatik girişimleri anlatır. Ancak savaşın öznesi ve nesnesi olan insanın hayal dünyasını yansıtan edebi yaratıcılığı ele almaz. Diğer yandan edebiyat savaşlarda meydana gelen toplu olayları ve bu olayların toplumlar üzerindeki etkileri ele almayı kendine birincil görev belirlemez. Geneli temsil eden olayları ele aldığında bile edebi metnin merkezinde daima en azından bir kahraman vardır ve çoğunlukla bu kahramanın savaş yaşantıları etrafında bir olay örgüsü kurgulanır. Dolayısıyla savaşı konu olarak ele alan edebi metinler bir olay örgüsü etrafından kurgulandıkları için kurmaca metinlerdir. Bu metinlerin kurmaca olmaları gerçeklikten soyutlanmış olmalarını gerektirmez; ancak oluşturulmalarının amacı savaşa ait gerçeği tüm çıplaklığıyla gözler önüne sermek değildir. Gerçek bir hikâyeden hareketle bireysel bazı yaşantılarla savaşın bireyler üzerindeki olumsuz sonuçları aktarmaya gayret eder ve bu aktarım esnasında bir ana düşünceyi okurunda uyandırmaya çalışır.
Yirmi bir yıl önce meydana gelmiş olan Kosova Savaşı tarihçilik bakımından henüz yeni bir olay sayılabilir. Bu savaşla ilgili tarih yazarlığına zemin oluşturacak önemli kaynaklar ortaya konmuştur. Ancak savaş edebiyatı anlamında Kosova’da ve dışında üne kavuşmuş edebi nesirler henüz oluşturulmamıştır. Bu çalışmada bu olguya temas edilerek bazı tespitler ortaya konmuştur.
Idetë përparimtare të disa ideologëve të lëvizjes së nacionalizmës shqiptare në gjysmën e dytë të shekullit XIX në bashkëpunim me popujt e Ballkanit
Authors: Kaleshi Hasan
Published: February 2025

Një ndër problemet elementare të historisë bashkëkohore të popullit shqiptarë është çështja se kur ka filluar lëvizja nacionale shqiptare, cilat janë karakteristika elementare, cila është baza ideologjike, kush janë bartësit dhe propaganduesit e saj, deri në çfarë mase idetë e tyre kanë depërtuar në masën e gjerë të popullit shqiptarë, cilat kanë qenë raportet e kësaj lëvizje me lëvizjet tjera të popujve të Ballkanit, etj.
Një dorëshkrim arabisht me kujtimet e të birit të Hafiz Islam Prishtinës për shpërnguljen e shqiptarëve në Damask në fillim të shek. XX.
Authors: Mufaku Muhamed
Published: February 2025

Si pasojë e Luftës Ballkanike 1912-1913 që u karakterizuan me masakra dhe dhunë kolektive ndaj banorëve civilë në Vilajetin e Kosovës, mijëra shqiptarë u detyruan të largohen nga trojet e tyre në drejtim të Stambollit, prej nga disa vazhduan rrugën deri në Damask. Me kohë,Damasku u bë qendër tërheqëse për më shumë shqiptarë që u u detyruan të shpërngulen nga Jugosllavia e vjetër midis dy luftrave. Si në gjeneratën e parë, ashtu në gjeneratën e dytë që u rritë në Damask,u dalluan shumë ulema që u bën të njohur jashtë Sirisë (H. Islam Prishtina, H.Nuh Nexhati, H.Sulejman Gavoçi, Naserudin Albani, Abdulkader Arnauti, Shuaib Aranuti e të tjerë),por nga ata nuk kemi vepra që përmbajnë kujtime të tyre për vendin që e lanë dhe për përjetimet e tyre gjatë rrugës ose në vitet e para në vendin e ri ku u vendosen. Mirëpo, në mesin e gjeneratës së dytë që u rrit në Damask, kemi tre dorëshkrime të vonshme në arabisht që hedhin dritë mbi vitet më të vështrira për jetën e shqiptarëve që vendosen në Damask. Autorët e këtyre dorëshkrimeve janë bijët e havizëve të gjeneratës së parë (Abdulvehap i biri i Hafiz Islam Prishtinës dhe Shefqet Gavoçit i biri i Hafizit Sulejman Gavoçit) dhe hoxha Abdurrahim Shaban(1912- 2010), i cilli arriti si fëmijë në Damask dhe mbeti e lidhur me vendlindjen. Pasi dy shkrimet u përkthyen dhe u botuan shqip, tani e kemi Kujtimet të birit të Hafiz Islam Prishtinës, Abdulvehap Xhelaludin (1928-2005).
Shkrimi, leximi dhe historia e shkrimeve
Authors: Frashëri Sami
Published: February 2025

Të mësuarit e dijes, dhe më drejtë, të artit të shkrim-leximit, nuk është një gjë e madhe, por dobia që arrihet nga kjo është shumë e madhe. Për aq sa të ketë dallim midis një njeriu memec e të shurdhër dhe një njeriu që dëgjon e flet mirë, po aq ka dallim midis njeriut që nuk di shkrim-lexim dhe atij që di këtë. Ndoshta dallimi midis këtyre është edhe më i madh. Sepse, memeci me disa isharete mund ta kryejë detyrën të cilën do ta kryente gjuha, dhe ato isharete edhe të shurdhërit mund t’ia shpjegojnë qëllimin e dëshirën. Mirëpo, njeriu i cili nuk di shkrim dhe lexim në asnjë mënyrë nuk mund t’i kryejë punët të cilat i kryejnë me shkrim dhe lexim ata që e dinë këtë.
Muhamed Mufaku (2021). Figura Shqiptare në Lindjen e Mesme Shekujt XVIXX, Shkup: Logos A
Authors: Islami Agron
Published: February 2025

Interesimi i lexuesit shqiptarë për tu njohur me shtetin osman, në veçanti me burokratët që shërbyen në këtë shtet dita ditës po rritet. Këtij interesimi i është përgjigjur edhe Akademiku dhe profesori i mirënjohur Muhamed Mufaku, me librin e tij të fundit, “Figura Shqiptare në Lindjen e Mesme Shekujt XVI-XX”, botuar nga shtëpia botuese Logos-A Shkup, 2021
Lindita Latifi Xhanari (2022), Arnavutçadaki Türkçe Alıntılar” (Turqizmat e gjuhës shqipe), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları
Authors: Morina Irfan
Published: February 2025

Përgatitja e një fjalori kërkon përgatitje metodologjike shkencore, por mbi të gjitha do studime të gjuhës/ve përkatëse. Por duket se vepra “Arnavutçadaki Türkçe Alıntılar” (Turqizmat e gjuhës shqipe) është përgatitur nga një person që nuk ka kryer studime të larta universitare për turqishten, arabishten dhe persishten dhe nuk është e specilizuar për njërën nga këto gjuhë. Kjo vërehet nga lëshimet tepër joprofesionale gramatikore që hasen në këtë vepër.
Analysis Of The Application Of Spatial Planning Principles In The Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) Of Lebak District Towards Mining Activities In The Gunung Liman Area
Authors: Fitriyani Sindy Nur , Wardah Lusi Risma , Rayhan Ahmad , Nurikah Nurikah
Published: February 2025

The Lebak Regency spatial planning plan was prepared based on Lebak Regency Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Lebak Regency Regional Spatial Plan for 2014-2034 with the aim of creating a highly competitive and sustainable Regency regional space based on agriculture, plantations, tourism and mining. To realize this, spatial planning is needed based on the principles of spatial planning contained in Article 2 of Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning. The research method used is the normative juridical method. The normative juridical method is defined as research on statutory rules, both from the perspective of the statutory hierarchy (vertical) and the harmonious relationship of legislation (horizontal). The purpose of this writing is to find out how the application of spatial planning principles in the Lebak Regency Spatial Planning Plan for Mining Activities in the Mount Liman Area is Reviewed Based on Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the regional government has attempted to control spatial planning and supervision of illegal gold mining in Lebak Regency. Regulations for mining activities in Lebak Regency Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2014 concerning Lebak Regency Spatial Planning for 2014-2034. Article 64 paragraph (5) letter c does not allow mining in protected areas. However, there is a discrepancy in the application of spatial planning principles in the 2014-2034 Lebak Regency Regional Spatial Plan, namely consisting of the principle of integration, the principle of harmony, harmony and balance, the principle of sustainability, the principle of efficiency and effectiveness as well as the principle of legal certainty and justice. This is due to the determination of the Cirinten sub-district area as a mining area.
Los servicios: concepto, clasificación y problemas de medición
Authors:   Universidad de Alcalá, González Moreno Miguel , del Río Gómez Clemente ,   Universidad de Alcalá, Domínguez Martínez José Manuel ,   Universidad de Alcalá
Published: February 2025

La heterogeneidad de las actividades de servicios unida veces a su propia naturaleza plantea importantes problemas de definición y medición de los mismos. El presente artículo tiene por objeto realizar una aproximación al concepto de servicios y sobre todo a su clasificación, que es la auténtica clave para entender mejor los problemas de medición del empleo y el valor añadido, que son discutidos en la parte final del trabajo.
Los intermediarios financieros en el País Vasco: situación actual y estrategias ante el futuro
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco, Maqueda Javier , Roldán Antonio ,   BBV
Published: February 2025

El sistema bancario, tanto por ser intermediario entre ahorradores y demandantes de recursos, como por su faceta de asegurador del funcionamiento de los medios de pago y de la ejecución de la política económica en el drenaje de liquidez, va a jugar un papel destacado a la hora de asumir el reto del mercado común en el horizonte de 1993. Bajo esa perspectiva, en este artículo, Javier Maqueda y Antonio Roldán realizan un balance de la situación actual de la Banca y las Cajas de Ahorros en la Comunidad Autónoma de País Vasco y del esfuerzo que han emprendido para adaptarse al futuro marco económico.
ALEITAMENTO MATERNO NA ALTA HOSPITALAR EM PREMATUROS TARDIOS E TERMOS PRECOCES EM UMA MATERNIDADE DE UM HOSPITAL-ESCOLA DO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO
Authors: Beiral Esther de Souza , Zanni Natália Moreira Garcia , Sarmenghi Ícaro Pratti , Paixão Matheus Pessanha , Fernandes Nathalia Milanese Grechi , Nunes Talita Lopes , Pereira Kátia Cristine Carvalho
Published: February 2025

Introduction: In 2022, in Brazil, premature births, especially late preterm births, accounted for a significant portion of live births. Late preterm and early term infants are more immature, with a higher risk of respiratory disturbances, breastfeeding difficulties, greater weight loss, and longer hospital stays. Objectives: To describe the persistence of breastfeeding at hospital discharge of late preterm and early term newborns who remained in the Rooming-In of a maternity ward at a teaching hospital in Espírito Santo. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study of newborn patients who were hospitalized in the Rooming-In from March 2021 to October 2022. Results: Of the 1,139 newborns assessed, 5 were moderately preterm, 159 were late preterm, 574 were early term, 395 were full term, 2 were post-term, and 4 did not have a gestational age record at birth in their medical records. The length of hospital stay ranged from 1.81 days (post-term) to 6.26 days (moderately preterm). Weight loss was higher in moderately preterm and late preterm infants, as well as in early term infants, with averages of 8%, 8.1%, and 7.7%, respectively. Regarding breastfeeding, 100% of the moderately preterm infants, 81.76% of the late preterm infants, 86.34% of the early term infants, and 83.54% of the full-term infants received breastfeeding at discharge, with an exclusive breastfeeding rate of 77.6% in the total sample. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of breastfeeding for all newborns, especially preterm and early term infants, and emphasizes the need for breastfeeding support strategies during hospitalization and after hospital discharge to reduce morbidity and mortality in these populations.
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A NURSING SUPPORT PROGRAM FOR PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM REGARDING DAILY CARE
Authors: W Annie Caroline. , Sarathi Sathiyalatha , Hemavathy V. , Shridevi Dr
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience heightened levels of stress, anxiety, and depression compared to parents of typically developing children or those with other disabilities. This increased psychological burden underscores the need for targeted support programs that can alleviate some of the emotional and practical challenges associated with caregiving. This study aims to evaluate the Effectiveness of a Nursing Support Program for Parents of Children with Autism Regarding Daily CareMethods: The study used a pre-experimental design and involved 60 caregivers of children diagnosed with autism, recruited from local support groups and pediatric clinics. Inclusion criteria were parents or primary caregivers actively involved in daily care, while those already receiving therapy for autism-related issues were excluded. Data was collected using the Autism Parenting Stress Index (APSI) to measure caregiver stress and the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) Survey to assess caregivers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to autism. Results: The Nursing Support Program significantly improved caregiver outcomes. Stress levels decreased from 3.9 (SD = 0.4) to 2.87 (SD = 0.35) (p < 0.0001). Caregivers' knowledge of autism, including its behavioral impact, communication strategies, and therapies, increased substantially. Attitudes toward autism diagnosis, confidence, application of visual support became more positive.Conclusions: The study concluded that Nursing Support Program effectively reduced caregiver stress and improved knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to autism care.
Performance appraisal systems and tutors performance in primary teachers’ colleges; A case of greater Masaka
Authors:   ,   Uganda Martyrs University, Kaate George William
Published: February 2025

This study delved into the impact of performance appraisal systems on tutors’ performance in Primary Teachers’ Colleges in Greater Masaka Region. Motivated by the desire to find out the impact of appraisals on workers’ performance in Primary Teachers’ Colleges (PTCs) in Greater Masaka, the study was grounded on the prepositions of goal setting theory advanced by Locke (1960). Examination of reports on staff appraisal from the point of view of goal setting theory led to the hunch that poor performance of some tutors may be related to the system through which the tutor performance and competences are appraised. Thus, the study undertook to verify the following objectives: To identify performance indicators of the tutors in Primary Teachers’ Colleges, there was also a need to assess the impact of the existing performance appraisal systems used in Primary Teachers’ Colleges and the researcher endeavoured to establish the relationship between performance appraisal systems used in PTCs and tutors performance. The study adopted the triangulation design in which sixty six (66) respondents from Greater Masaka region PTCs took part in the study. The population of the study includes Principals, Deputy Principals and tutors. The participants were selected using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected using questionnaires and interview guides to collect the required data. The findings of the study were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. Research findings revealed that punctuality, team work and meeting deadlines were one of the major indicators of performance in Primary Teachers’ Colleges. It was further revealed that BAR, MBO and peer based evaluations were among the common performance appraisal methods most preferred by raters in colleges. The study findings showed a positive correlation between performance appraisal systems and tutors performance. The researcher recommended that PTCs should adopt contemporary work performance appraisal methods which promote career growth and development with a view of enhancing effectiveness and efficiency of tutors in Primary Teachers’ Colleges found in Greater Masaka.
Teachers’ working conditions and quality of learning in selected UPE schools in Masaka municipality, Uganda
Authors:   ,   Uganda Martyrs University, Tweyongyere Wenceslaus
Published: February 2025

Quality learning is a desirable aspect for every stakeholder in any education institution. Consequently, this study investigated whether teachers’ working conditions affect the quality of learning in selected UPE schools in Masaka Municipality, Uganda. Specifically, the study sought to find out the influence of teacher’s workload on the assessment of teaching and learning, the influence of the teacher’s compensation on the assessment of teaching and learning and the influence of involving teachers in school decision making on classroom environment and management. A cross-sectional descriptive research design with aspects of correlation design was adopted where a total sample of 106 respondents including teachers and head teachers were consulted. The primary data was collected using questionnaires for teachers and structured interview guides for head teachers. Focus group discussions of 3 to 5 respondents were also held with teachers during the course of the study. The researcher also conducted a bi-variate analysis using the Pearson Chi-square and correlation in order to examine the relationships between variables. The study revealed that teachers’ workload and teachers’ involvement in school decision making as part of teachers’ working conditions influence the quality of learning while teachers’ compensation has no significant relationship with the quality of learning. The study recommended that: administrators should ensure that teachers have manageable workload so as to become more effective and efficient in their respective classes for quality learning, administrators should ensure that teachers use adequate instructional materials for all the learners during the teaching learning process, and administrators should dwell much on teachers’ workload and involving teachers in school decision making in order to enhance quality learning rather than teachers’ compensation.
The effects of evaluation on the administration of private secondary schools in Kampala district ﻿
Authors:   ,   Uganda Martyrs University, Tamale John Paul
Published: February 2025

The study examined the effect of evaluation on the administration of private secondary schools. Three main objectives were set to guide the study and these include: examining the effects of evaluation and administration of private secondary schools, establishing the relationship between evaluation and administration of private secondary schools and examining the effect of the leadership Styles of head-teachers in evaluation on the administration of private secondary schools. A Cross sectional research design was used during this study. Self-administered questionnaire and interview guide were used on a stratified sample of 336 respondents in Kampala district. Data was analyzed and summarized using percentages and mean. Relationships were established using correlation and regression analysis techniques. The Study findings reveal a positive significant relationship between the effect of evaluation and administration of private secondary schools (r=0.648**; p<0.05). The study noted that evaluation was being carried out in schools in form of both external and internal evaluation by the Directorate of Education Standards and school heads. This study therefore revealed that the efficiency of school head-teachers in form of close supervision leads to improved administration goals. It was revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between evaluation and administration of private secondary schools (r=0.776**; p<0.05) with factors such as evaluation of adjustment of school programs, evaluating what motivates teachers especially in relation to class room teaching, evaluating development of ready skills and encouraging long-term behaviors for both students and teachers, evaluating community awareness and resources availability as the most dimensions that indicate good administration. There was positive significant relationship between leadership styles of head-teachers and their administration of private secondary schools (beta=0.330, p<0.05). The determinants of this relationship are changes in democratic, charismatic and autocratic leadership styles. for the The study commends the DES to follow up the visits carried out in schools under their jurisdiction implementation of the recommendations during external evaluation/supervision in these schools. This will help to ensure that resources injected in inspection by government are not put to waste. Also, head-teachers’ motivation should be raised such that their work can be done in good spirit. It should be the role of school Boards of Governors to ensure that school heads who are the interface between them and teachers are properly motivated so as to guarantee proper school administration.
Mass Media Habits of Benguet State University Student, First Semester 2006-2007
Authors: Bugtong H. C. , Fang-asan M.L. D.
Published: February 2025

This study was  conducted to determine the characteristics of the respondents, to identify the mass media used by the BSU students, to determine their reasons for using a particular type of mass media, to determine the frequency and duration of exposure to mess media and to determine the information needs of BSU students. An interview schedule was used to gather data from 214 respondents chosen using quota sampling. Most of the respondents were single and belonged to the age range of 19 years old and below.
 
The commonly used medium was the radio but the respondents used various other mass media to be informed, to be entertained and to complete school requirements. From the different mass media, the students acquired information on politics, showbiz, economy, religion, job opportunities, and agriculture. Majority of the respondents listened to the radio daily for around two to three hours. Less than half watched TV everyday and/or read newspapers.
 
It is concluded that most of the students of BSU are within the age group of regular college students; that students are multi-media users; that they have different reasons for using mass media and that they get varied information from mass media not only for academic requirements but also for general information. Mass media are a part of the students’ daily lives.
 
It is recommended that teachers should design alternative learning activities to encourage students to read more or to use mass media. Mass media producers should continue airing, publishing, and posting more educational topics especially on agriculture. BSU may use radio as a medium in disseminating information from the school to BSU students of BSU employees. It is further recommended that a study on the mass media habits of Benguet State University teachers should also be conducted.
Insects Associated with Yacon (smallanthus Sonchifolius Poepp & Endl) Plants in La Trinidad, Benguet
Authors: Ligat, Sr. Bonie S. , Sabas Gemma P.
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to identify the different insects and other arthropods that were found on yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp & End/) plants; to classify these arthropods; and, to determine the degree of injury inflicted by the insects on the yield of the yacon plants.
There were twenty nine (29) species of insects, 2 species of spiders and 1 specie of mites that were found on yacon plants.
The species of arthropods were classified as potential insect pests, predators, parasitoids, and visitors.
The species of chewing insects had a sound (1) to slight (3) injury while the species of sucking insects had a sound or no injury on yacon plants. Both injuries were observed on the leaves of the yacon plants.
Pilot Commercialization of Dehydrated Strawberry Products
Authors: Avila Jane K. , Balaoing Lory C.
Published: February 2025

Dehydrated strawberry products namely: Infused-dried strawberries, strawberry pinwheel, and strawberry champoy were pilot tested. Procedures were standardized and a cost and return analysis was done. Results show that the optimum temperature for drying is 70°C for 36 hours. In descending order, the recovery rates for the three products are the following: strawberry champoy (38%), infused-dried strawberries (33. 75%), and strawberry pinwheel (29%). The Moisture contents after drying were: infused-dried strawberries (3.37%); strawberry pinwheel (3. 70%); and strawberry champoy (4.87%).
Dehydrated strawberry products contain appreciable amounts of energy, calcium, phosphorus and minimal amounts of iron, proteins, and dietary fiber. Infused-dried strawberry and strawberry pinwheel were rated as "liked very much" while strawberry champoy was "liked moderately". All these dehydrated strawberry products show high market potential among tourists and local market.
The Ideal Vegetable Attributes Based on Consumer Preferences a Conjoint Analysis Approach
Authors: Dagupen M.K. T. , Lubrica M.A. B. , Tagarino D. D. , Gellynck X. , Viaene J. , Gumihid B. B.
Published: February 2025

The important product attributes of carrot for consumers, according to order of importance are: price, origin, freshness, size, and color. Similarly, cabbage consumers gave the highest importance value to price followed by production method, origin, shape, and freshness.
The market segments were: Cluster 1 - "Origin-sensitive" and Cluster 2- "Price-conscious". Originsensitive consumers prefer carrots coming from Baguio-Benguet while price-conscious consumers prefer a low price of PhP15/kg.
The market segments for cabbage consumers are the: health-conscious and the price and origin conscious. The former gave the highest utility score to the attribute level organic under production method indicating that they connect food much more with their well-being. On the other hand, the latter gave high importance to cabbage with the lowest price of PhP 10/kg and cabbage originating from Benguet.
Evaluation for Yield and Adaptation of Pathogen-Tested Potato Accessions Grown from Apical Cuttings at Low Mountain Zone Environment
Authors: Simongo Donita K. , Gonzales Inez C. , Kiswa Cynthia G.
Published: February 2025

Sets of germplasm from apical cuttings produced at BSU were evaluated in low mountain zone environment. The trial was conducted to determine the yield and adaptation of 32 accessions in low mountain zone environment and to select promising accessions for further evaluation in different agroecological zones in the Philippine highlands.
Tuber yield of selected accessions and cvs. 'Ganza,' 'lgorota' and 'Granola' ranged from 1.25 to 23.29t/ha. A total of 14 accessions were selected both by the researchers and farmers for their good yield, desirable tuber shape, skin color, and shallow eyes. Most of these selected accessions were resistant to late blight.
It is recommended that these selected accessions be screened further for their adaptability in different agro-ecological zones in the Philippine highlands. Selected accessions will be included in the National Testing Center for final evaluation. Outstanding accessions will be recommended to the Philippine Seed Board for variety release.
Indigenous Knowledge on The Production and Processing of Maguey/ Sisal (furcraea Foetida L.) and The Availability of Other Fiber Plants in Benguet
Authors: Alupias Erlinda B. , Gayao Betty T. , Meldoz Dalen T. , Sagpa-ey Jaila S.
Published: February 2025

The province of Benguet is a home to different fiber yielding plants some of which were used by the people as clothing in the olden times. Maguey/Sisal (Furcraeafoetida L.) is the most common fiber plant known to the local people, they are mostly found in the rocky mountains of the municipalities of Bokod and Kabayan. The maguey/sisal fibers are usually extracted for rope making. More common fiber plants in all municipalities that are next to maguey/sisal are the wild banana locally named as pintok or amosleng, abaca, native pifia and pandan/fangshan. The fiber yielding trees that were identified in their common local names are: balete or kuba tree, pa/wk, pitikanlanabiong/anadong, bayukan, baloy, alino/alinew, malacapas and apehang trees, bamboo (kawayan or bolo). The barks of these trees were beaten and woven into cloth, which were worn by the olden people. The vine plants are: labtang, bantalaan or bagingey, nito, waka, luay/ogwey/lituko (rattan) and anes. These vines including the bamboo were made into rope for tying or woven into basket and other uses. However, most of these plants are already ve1y rare, and maybe considered endangered species which can be considered in the development of the textile and fiber industry
The indigenous knowledge on fiber processing reflects the resourcefulness of the Benguet people. The knowledge and skills on maguey/sisal fiber processing is a passed on knowledge among families (1950- SO's) though now a dying home industty. This survey identified more than ten (10) maguey/sisal processors (rope making) from Bokod and Kabayan. Documentation showed that these people do not use high technology machineries in processing maguey but uses the simplest tool they have within their environment. Most of them have shifted to polypropylene rope making. The itchiness of maguey and its tedious process prompted these individuals to stop their maguey processing. There is however, a promising potential for increased propagation and product diversification considering the suitability of the crop for forest protection and livelihood source.
Helping the existing processors to revive the maguey fiber indust1y and to share and improve their skills is needed. Research and product development of maguey fibers, fabrication of machine for maguey fiber extraction, wider plantation of maguey and sisal, and further stltdies on the identification and possible propagation and processing of endemic fiber plants are recommended.
Soil Properties of Agricultural Farms in Two Agro-Ecological Zones of Three Municipalities of Benguet
Authors: Lurean Carlito P. , Lucas Craig P. , Kisim Dexter D.
Published: February 2025

The study was conducted in two agro-ecological zones of La Trinidad, Buguias and Atok, Benguet. The objectives of the study were to determine the physical and chemical properties of soils of agricultural farms; to determine the pesticide residues in soils and plants; and to determine toxic heavy metals in soils of agricultural farms. The two agro-ecological zones comprised of mid-mountain zone with elevation ranging from 1,100 to 1,500 meters above sea level represented by La Trinidad and Buguias, Benguet and high mountain zone with 1,600 to 2,000 meters above sea level elevation represented by Atok, Benguet.
For mid-mountain zone represented by La Trinidad, Benguet for wet season sampling and Buguias, Benguet for dry season sampling, most of the soil samples collected showed favorable values of bulk density, porosity, pH, organic matter, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium for crop production. On the other hand, pesticide residue analysis on soil samples showed that only Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos have values higher than the maximum allowable concentrations. Toxic heavy metals like Mercury and Lead have values lower than maximum residual limit. Likewise, only Chlorpyrifos was detected in plants but its value is below the maximum allowable concentration.
For the high-mountain zone represented by Atok for wet and dry season sampling, the results of the analysis showed that values of bulk density, porosity, pH, organic matter, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium are also found favorable for crop production. For pesticide residue analysis in soil, the samples were found to have residues of Dieldrin, Endosulfansulfate, Cypermethrin, Chlorotalonil, Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin. However, only Chlorothalonil and Cypermethrin were found to have values higher than the maximum allowable concentration. Mercury and Lead were found to have values below the maximum residual limit. No pesticide residues were detected in crops.