bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Integrated Mental Health Care Through an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse–Led Program: Challenges and Successes
Authors: Emerson Margaret R. , Huber Melanie , Mathews Therese L. , Kupzyk Kevin , Walsh Michael , Walker Jerry
Published: May 2023

Integrated and collaborative care delivery models have demonstrated efficacy for the management of psychiatric conditions in the primary care environment, yet organizations struggle with implementation of integrated efforts in clinical practice. Delivering care with a population focus versus face-to-face encounters with individual patients requires financial investment and adjustment in care delivery. We discuss the early implementation process of an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN)–led integrated behavioral health care program, including the challenges, barriers, and successes in the first 9 months of the program (January–September 2021), for an academic institution in the Midwest. A total of 161 Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and 162 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) rating scales were completed on 86 patients. The mean PHQ-9 score at the initial visit was 11.3 (moderate depression); after 5 visits, it decreased significantly to 8.6 (mild depression) ( P < .001). The mean GAD-7 score at the initial visit was 10.9 (moderate anxiety); after 5 visits, it decreased significantly to 7.6 (mild anxiety) ( P < .001). A survey completed by 14 primary care physicians 9 months after program launch revealed improvements in satisfaction with collaboration but, most notably, in perception of access to and overall satisfaction with behavioral health consultation/patient care services. Program challenges included adapting the environment to enhance leadership roles for the program and adjusting to virtual availability of psychiatric support. A case example highlights the value of integrated care along with improved depression and anxiety-related outcomes. Next steps should include efforts that capitalize on nursing leadership strengths while also promoting equity among integrated populations.
Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Substance Use Disorders Among Psychiatric Inpatients in a Medically Underserved Area: An Intervention for Opioid Misuse
Authors: Buckner Julia D. , Scherzer Caroline R. , Crapanzano Kathleen A. , Morris Paige E.
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

Opioid misuse is a serious public health concern, yet few people seek treatment for this condition. Hospitals may be one opportunity to identify those with opioid misuse and to teach them skills to help manage their opioid misuse upon discharge. We tested the relationship between opioid misuse status and motivation to change substance use among patients admitted with substance misuse to an inpatient psychiatric unit in a medically underserved area in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, who attended at least 1 group session of motivation enhancement therapy combined with cognitive behavioral therapy (MET-CBT) from January 29, 2020, through March 10, 2022.

Methods:

Of the 419 patients in our sample, 86 (20.5%) appeared to misuse opioids (62.5% male; mean age, 35.0 y; 57.7% non-Hispanic/Latin White). At the beginning of each session, patients completed 2 measures of motivation—importance and confidence to change substance use—from 0 (not at all) to 10 (most). At the end of each session, patients rated perceived session helpfulness from 1 (extremely hindering) to 9 (extremely helpful).

Results:

Opioid misuse was associated with greater importance (Cohen d = 0.12) and confidence (Cohen d = 0.13) to change substance use and with attending more MET-CBT sessions (Cohen d = 0.13). Patients with opioid misuse rated sessions as highly helpful (score of 8.3 of 9), and these ratings did not differ from patients who used other substances.

Conclusions:

Inpatient psychiatry hospitalizations may provide an opportunity to identify patients with opioid misuse and introduce these patients to MET-CBT to learn skills to manage opioid misuse upon discharge.
Women as subjects of risk in Bangladesh’s coastal riskscapes
Authors: Evertsen Kathinka Fossum
Published: May 2023

In this article, I examine the assumptions underlying the idea of women as vulnerable and at risk, and how this understanding contributes to shaping practices of climate change adaptation. The article is based on ethnographic fieldwork in the expert community in Dhaka and in a climate change adaptation field site in coastal Bangladesh. Following Ananya Roy’s work, I understand coastal Bangladesh to be a riskscape, a geographical space suffused with imaginations of anticipated risks that must be managed through disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. Roy further argues that riskscapes create new subjects of risk, and that such subjects are highly gendered because development has tended to focus on poor women ‘in very specific ways’. In this article, I build on Roy’s insights to explore how women are constructed as ‘subjects of risk’ in climate change adaptation. I also show how climate change adaptation, in becoming the new buzzword for development, continues to focus on poor women in very specific ways, which are applied to fit with the climate change ‘metacode’. While well-intended, the understanding of women as subjects of risk is imbued with ambivalence, because it may contribute to supporting structures that make women vulnerable by normalizing relations of risk.
The Hidden Strains of ‘Cool’ Jobs
Authors: Delgaty Aaron , Wilson Eli R
Published: May 2023

A growing number of workers today are drawn to jobs that offer symbolic and cultural rewards but not necessarily stable employment or livable wages. Existing literature posits the exploitative nature of this labor arrangement, where workers must weigh the ‘cool’ aspects of their jobs against other less desirable aspects. Yet what happens when both these dimensions of work are deeply intertwined and subject to changing perspectives? Drawing on ethnographic data and in-depth interviews with US craft beer workers, we show how ‘cool’ aspects of brewery jobs are experienced as significant sources of material, social, and work identity strain that cause some workers to grow estranged from their jobs over time. We suggest a broader framework for understanding the hidden strains of jobs that appeal to workers for symbolic reasons, and advocate for shifting jobs in the new economy away from cool-yet-precarious employment bargains and toward more sustainable forms of employment.
Exploring and Correcting the Bias in the Estimation of the Gini Measure of Inequality
Authors: Muñoz Juan F. , Moya-Fernández Pablo J. , Álvarez-Verdejo Encarnación
Published: May 2023

The Gini index is probably the most commonly used indicator to measure inequality. For continuous distributions, the Gini index can be computed using several equivalent formulations. However, this is not the case with discrete distributions, where controversy remains regarding the expression to be used to estimate the Gini index. We attempt to bring a better understanding of the underlying problem by regrouping and classifying the most common estimators of the Gini index proposed in both infinite and finite populations, and focusing on the biases. We use Monte Carlo simulation studies to analyse the bias of the various estimators under a wide range of scenarios. Extremely large biases are observed in heavy-tailed distributions with high Gini indices, and bias corrections are recommended in this situation. We propose the use of some (new and traditional) bootstrap-based and jackknife-based strategies to mitigate this bias problem. Results are based on continuous distributions often used in the modelling of income distributions. We describe a simulation-based criterion for deciding when to use bias corrections. Various real data sets are used to illustrate the practical application of the suggested bias corrected procedures.
One Teach-One Tech: An Emerging Co-Teaching Strategy
Authors: Drelick Alicia M. , Damiani Michelle L. , Elder Brent C.
Published: May 2023

Co-teaching allows educators to take on specific roles and responsibilities in the classroom leading to more effective instruction. With increased expectations to embrace technologies provided during virtual and hybrid instruction, co-teachers are taking on more technology-based responsibilities in face-to-face instruction. In this article, the authors pose a new co-teaching strategy, “One Teach-One Tech,” which intentionally delegates technology tasks during co-planning, instruction, and assessment. This strategy can be used with existing co-teaching models to support the effective implementation and innovative use of technology to support students in inclusive, co-taught classrooms. After defining this proposed strategy, the authors present and explore strategies for implementation, benefits, and challenges of this co-teaching strategy.
Instrument teachers’ practices, beliefs, and barriers regarding musical creativity: Exploring the creative process of interpretation
Authors: Stijnen Jo , Nijs Luc , Van Petegem Peter
Published: May 2023

Instrumental music teaching traditionally emphasizes the cognitive, motor, and motivational processes of score reproduction, often at the expense of creative musical activities, such as improvisation or composition. Since today’s international art school curricula prominently include creativity competencies, opportunities to integrate creativity in instrumental lessons must be explored. This study investigates instrument teachers’ conception of musical creativity: its scope, opportunities, and risks. About 273 teachers completed an online questionnaire on their use of creative class time, beliefs, and barriers to creative instrument teaching. Although the majority acknowledged the benefits of creative activities for score-playing, they invested little in improvisation and composition due to a lack of time and training in musical creativity. Teachers considered interpretation a valuable form of musical creativity, next to improvisation and composition, but questioned its feasibility in instrument lessons. Implications for instrument-teacher training are discussed.
Analysing Determinants of Employee Performance Based on Reverse Mentoring and Employer Branding Using Analytic Hierarchical Process
Authors: Agarwal Alpana , Raghav Divina
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced companies to change the way they operate. It has accelerated the shift from conventional to digital business processes. Human resource management is at the centre of such extraordinary changes, where digital solutions can help employees to effectively manage them. Two major aspects that have grabbed the researchers’ attention here are reverse mentoring and employer branding initiatives. This paper is an attempt to test whether the determinants of employer branding and reverse mentoring influence employee performance at work also. An analytic hierarchical process has been applied to test the same. The findings reveal four key variables that boost employee performance. They are employee engagement, employee empowerment, developmental value and interest value. Based on the results, the study offers some useful insights to the leaders and policy makers on determining priority during policy formulation, developing work practices and building or encouraging a work culture.
Relationship between preoperative nitrogen balance and energy and protein intake in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Okada Genya , Matsumoto Yoshinari , Habu Daiki , Matsuda Yasunori , Lee Shigeru , Osugi Harushi
Published: May 2023

Background & Aims

Nitrogen balance (NB) is an important indicator of protein utilization in the body, and a positive NB is essential for maintaining and improving nutritional status. However, information is lacking on the target values of the energy and protein levels required to maintain positive NB in cancer patients. This study aimed to verify the energy and protein requirements for positive NB in preoperative esophageal cancer patients.

Methods

This study included patients for esophageal cancer surgery who were admitted for radical surgery. Urine urea nitrogen (UUN) levels were measured based on 24-h urine storage. Energy and protein intakes were calculated from the dietary intake during hospitalization and the amount administered from enteral and parenteral nutrition. The characteristics of the positive and negative NB groups were compared, and patients’ characteristics related to UUN excretion were analyzed.

Results

Seventy-nine patients with esophageal cancer were included, and 46% of patients were negative NB. All patients with energy intake ≥30 kcal/kg/day and protein intake ≥1.3 g/kg/day had positive NB. Whereas, in the group with energy intake ≥30 kcal/kg/day and protein intake <1.3 g/kg/day, 67% of patients were positive NB. There was a significant positive relation between UUN excretion and retinol-binding protein in multiple regression analyses adjusted for several patients’ characteristics (β = 0.28, p = 0.048).

Conclusion

In preoperative esophageal cancer patients, 30 kcal/kg/day of energy and 1.3 g/kg/day of protein were the guideline values for positive NB. Good short-term nutritional status was a factor associated with increased UUN excretion.
Waving and drowning: The gradations of therapist fitness to practise
Authors: Dokter Ditty , Lea-Weston Lisa , Thornewood Tara
Published: May 2023

This article uses autoethnographic research vignettes from the authors’ experience to illustrate questions around gradations of fitness to practise in relation to chronic illness (cancer) and resulting Dis/ability or gradations of fitness to practise. How do we know when we are not waving but drowning? We will look at how awareness of social justice issues can inform the way these questions are worked with. This involves an awareness of dramatherapy as a profession and the institutional contexts that shape our profession; balancing the need to accept personal limitations with the need to challenge institutional and systemic injustices. In our personal/professional lives we have experience of the impact of chronic illness (breast cancer) and disability before, during and post training. Trauma experienced in childhood can be a rationale for training as arts therapists. If therapists become ill or experience trauma while practising, in the form of vicarious traumatisation, triggering of early trauma or current personal life trauma: how do we assess whether we are fit to practise? The article aims to address how to obtain advice and support and the longer term impact of gradations to practice. Do we find ourselves in pursuit of self-care practising more defensively, in greater depth, with different tipping points when mortality and vulnerability are highlighted through illness and Dis/ability?
Obesity associated with improved mortality of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Prasad Navin R , Elkholey Khaled , Patel Nilay R , Junqueira Erica , Cohen Elliott S , Whitmore Sage P
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Determining a patient’s candidacy for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in severe COVID-19 pneumonia is a critical aspect of efficient healthcare delivery. A body mass index (BMI) ≥40 is considered a relative contraindication for ECMO by the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO). We sought to determine the impact of obesity on the survival of patients with COVID-19 on ECMO.

Methods

This project was a retrospective review of a multicenter US database from January 2020 to December 2021. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality after ECMO initiation, with a comparison between patients classified into body mass index categories (<30, 30–39.9, and ≥40). Secondary outcomes included ventilator days, intensive care days, and complications.

Results

We completed records review on 359 patients, with 90 patients excluded because of missing data. The overall mortality for the 269 patients was 37.5%. Patients with a BMI <30 had higher odds of mortality compared to all patients with BMI >30 (OR 1.98; p = 0.013), those with BMI 30–39.9 (OR 1.84; p = 0.036), and BMI ≥40 (OR 2.33; p = 0.024). There were no differences between BMI groups for ECMO duration; length of stay (LOS); or rate of bloodstream infection, stroke, or blood transfusion. Age, ECMO duration, and modified-Elixhauser index were not independent risk factors for mortality.

Conclusions

In patients receiving ECMO for severe COVID-19, neither obesity (BMI >30) nor morbid obesity (BMI >40) were associated with in-hospital mortality. These results are consistent with previous reports and held true after adjusting for age and comorbidities. Our data suggest further examination of the recommendations to withhold ECMO in patients who are obese.
Unethical but not illegal! A critical look at two-sided disinformation platforms: Justifications, critique, and a way forward
Authors: Soliman Wael , Rinta-Kahila Tapani
Published: May 2023

Crowdsourced disinformation represents a two-sided-market model wherein a platform organizer orchestrates the interaction between disinformation requesters and crowdworkers for a fee. Academic research and industry reports demonstrate that the disinformation business is thriving and that its consequences can be severe; however, research on this topic has focused mainly on developing technical methods to detect disinformation, while leaving the social aspects of the phenomenon unaddressed. In particular, very little is known about the discursive tactics that platforms apply to justify disinformation-service offerings such that these appear acceptable to potential customers. Taking a critical approach to the topic, the paper examines how platform organizers justify their disinformation services and to what extent the justifications given are valid. These questions are addressed via a unique dataset from 10 crowdsourcing platforms specializing in social-media–based reputation management. Drawing on the lens of accounts, the analysis suggests that these platforms employ six means of justification for persuasion purposes: the “claim of entitlement,” “defense of the necessity,” the “claim of ubiquity,” “language sanitization,” “appeal to professionalism,” and “appeal to codified rules.” Critical discourse analysis scrutinizing these accounts against the validity claims of comprehensibility, truth, sincerity, and legitimacy indicates that they cannot be considered valid. The paper discusses the implications of the findings and offers several recommendations designed for improving the status quo.
Benign incidental lesion of the calcaneus: the calcaneal vascular remnant
Authors: Akdag Tuba , Halil Ceylan Arda
Published: May 2023

Background

The calcaneal vascular remnant, first described by Fleming et al. in 2005, is a benign intramedullary lesion of the calcaneus with a vascular origin.

Purpose

To determine the prevalence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of incidental calcaneal vascular remnant on routine ankle MRI.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 457 ankle MRI scans for the presence of calcaneal vascular remnant. MRI was considered positive when a focal cyst-like area was seen on a T2-weighted sequence, and a low signal intensity was identified on a T1-weighted image beneath the calcaneal sulcus. Patients with calcaneal vascular remnants were further evaluated for age, gender, right or left foot location, size, and lesion characteristics.

Results

The prevalence of incidental calcaneal vascular remnant was 21.7% on our consecutive ankle MR examinations. The average lesion size was 5.5 mm. No statistically significant difference was noted in the frequency of lesion detection between gender, age, and side of the lesions ( P > 0.05). Multilobulated lesions were detected predominantly in women ( P = 0.013) and classic type lesions were detected predominantly in men ( P = 0.036).

Conclusion

This report is the first to determine the prevalence and MRI characteristics of calcaneal vascular remnants. Detecting and reporting this lesion on routine MRI is essential to avoid confusion with other pathologic entities.
The transmission pattern and clinical course of the first 417 patients with COVID-19 infection in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Zheng Yizi , Deng Zhenhan , Huang Feijuan , Zhang Yu , Cai Yuanzhe , Su Jingyue , Wu Zhengzhi , Yang Shiwei
Published: May 2023

Objective

To explore the transmission patterns and clinical course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 as clustered and non-clustered cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Shenzhen, China.

Methods

This retrospective study included the patients that were confirmed by laboratory detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Shenzen between 19 January 2020 and 21 February 2020. Data on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics were analysed. The patients were divided into non-clustered and clustered groups. The time course, intervals between first and second COVID-19 cases and other transmission patterns were compared between the groups.

Results

The 417 patients were divided into clustered ( n = 235) and non-clustered groups ( n = 182). Compared with the non-clustered group, the clustered group had significantly more young (≤20 years) and old (>60 years) patients. The clustered group had significantly more severe cases (nine of 235; 3.83%) compared with the non-clustered group (three of 182; 1.65%). Patients with severe disease spent 4–5 more days of hospitalization than patients with moderate and mild disease.

Conclusion

This retrospective study analysed the transmission patterns and clinical course of the first wave of COVID-19 infection in Shenzhen, China.
Altered interictal serum histamine and immunoglobulin E but unchanged tryptase levels in individuals with episodic and chronic migraine
Authors: Park Chae Gyu , Na Hye Young , Park Da Eun , Kim Ha Yan , Chu Min Kyung
Published: May 2023

Background

Serum histamine, immunoglobulin E, and tryptase are markers of allergic diseases. Despite the reported association between migraine and allergic diseases, differences in these marker levels between episodic and chronic migraines remain unelucidated.

Methods

We investigated serum histamine, immunoglobulin E, and tryptase levels in 97 and 96 participants with episodic migraine and chronic migraine, respectively, and 56 controls according to the presence of allergic diseases.

Results

Serum histamine levels in episodic migraine (median and interquartile ranges, 0.78 [0.65–1.25] ng/mL, p < 0.001) and chronic migraine (0.89 [0.67–1.28] ng/mL, p < 0.001) participants were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (1.19 [0.81–2.08] ng/mL) among the 160 participants without allergic diseases. Serum immunoglobulin E levels in episodic migraine and chronic migraine participants with allergic diseases negatively correlated with headache frequency (correlation coefficient = −0.263, p = 0.017). Serum histamine levels in participants with allergic diseases and serum immunoglobulin E levels in participants without allergic diseases were not significantly different among episodic migraine, chronic migraine, and control groups. Serum tryptase levels did not significantly differ among episodic migraine, chronic migraine, and control participants with and without allergic diseases.

Conclusions

Altered serum histamine and immunoglobulin E levels in episodic migraine and chronic migraine and different profiles concerning allergic diseases suggest the involvement of allergic mechanisms in migraine pathogenesis.
Guidelines Update: Guidelines of the International Headache Society for controlled trials of preventive treatment of migraine in children and adolescents, 1st edition – An experience-based update
Authors: Abu-Arafeh Ishaq , Hershey Andrew D , Diener Hans-Christoph , Tassorelli Cristina
Published: May 2023

Background

Recent experience in designing and running clinical trials on new medications for the prevention of migraine in children and adolescents highlighted the need for revision of the 1st edition of the International Headache Society Guidelines for clinical trials of preventive treatment of migraine in children and adolescents which were published in 2019.

Methods

The authors of the 1st edition of the guidelines formed an informal focus group with aims of appraising the performance of the guidelines, clarifying any ambiguity and providing improvements, where needed, based on personal experience and expert analysis.

Results

This review and the following update were able to address issues related to the classification of migraine, the duration of migraine attacks, the age groups of children and adolescents, the use of electronic diaries, the assessment of outcome measures, the need for an interim analysis and the issues related to placebo response.

Conclusions

This update provides necessary clarifications of the guidelines in order to enable better design and running of future clinical trials for the preventive treatment of migraine in children and adolescents.
“If I Control Your Body, I Can Fully Control You”: Interpersonal and Structural Violence Findings from the Georgia Medication Abortion Project
Authors: Neilson Elizabeth C. , Ayala Sequoia , Jah Zainab , Hairston Indya , Hailstorks Tiffany , Vyavahare Teja , Gonzalez Alexalin , Hernandez Natalie , Jackson Kwajelyn , Bailey Stephanie , Hall Kelli Stidham , Diallo Dázon Dixon , Mosley Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2023

Access to medication abortion—the use of medications rather than a surgical procedure for pregnancy termination—is an essential reproductive healthcare service. Following the overturn of Roe v. Wade and federal abortion protections in the United States, medication abortion and telemedicine for abortion are increasingly vital. Black, Latinx, and lower-income women in the United States already experience disproportionate barriers to abortion care and interpersonal and structural violence—interconnected, social systems that police bodily autonomy. This current study examined qualitative data from a larger community-led, reproductive justice project on medication abortion perspectives among Black and Latinx women in a large, urban center in Georgia. We used thematic analysis to examine interviews ( N  =  82) with key informants ( n  =  20) and interviews ( n  =  32) and focus groups ( n  =  30) with Black and Latinx women ages 18–51 years. Four violence-related themes were identified: (a) sexual assault and intimate partner violence as reasons for abortion; (b) reproductive coercion by partners and family members; (c) reproductive coercion by predominantly White providers; and (d) abortion bans, the legacy of enslavement, immigration enforcement, and poverty as structural violence. Shifting family planning care to be patient- and community-centered, in conjunction with policy advocacy to change oppressive systems, is critical.
Race-Based Real Estate Practices and Spuriousness in Community Criminology: Was the Chicago School Part of a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?
Authors: Linning Shannon J. , Eck John E.
Published: May 2023

For over a century, a small network of scholars, extending from the University of Chicago, shaped community criminology research. Drawing on human ecology, they argued that poor structural factors—poverty, ethnic heterogeneity, population mobility—cause crime. As this network studied crime in neighborhoods, another network changed neighborhoods. This other network also assumed structural factors were important, but its members developed policies and practices to alter them. This other network, also influenced by human ecology, was composed of real estate researchers. Historical records show that the two networks are connected. These connections raise the possibility of a self-fulfilling prophecy. The implications of the prophecy are that the correlations between structural factors and crime may be spurious. We show that real estate practices shaped structural factors. But the structural factors may not drive crime. Instead, real estate practices may have shaped crime opportunities through place management thus driving crime. This has serious implications for community criminology research. This theoretical paper lays out the historical evidence for this conjecture.
Decreased Utilization of Low Tidal Volume Ventilation Outside of the Intensive Care Unit as Compared to Inside
Authors: Andrea Luke , Moskowitz Ari , Chen Jen-Ting , Fein Daniel G.
Published: May 2023

Background: Investigations into the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) have been performed for patients in emergency departments (EDs) or intensive care units (ICUs). Practice differences between the ICU and non-ICU care areas have not been described. We hypothesized that the initial implementation of LTVV would be better inside ICUs than outside. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of patients initiated on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) between January 1, 2016, and July 17, 2019. Initial recorded tidal volumes after intubation were used to compare the use of LTVV between care areas. Low tidal volume was considered 6.5 cc/kg of ideal body weight (IBW) or less. The primary outcome was the initiation of low tidal volume. Sensitivity analyses used a tidal volume of 8 cc/kg of IBW or less, and direct comparisons were performed between the ICU, ED, and wards. Results: There were 6392 initiations of IMV: 2217 (34.7%) in the ICU and 4175 (65.3%) outside. LTVV was more likely to be initiated in the ICU than outside (46.5% vs 34.2%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56-0.71, P < .01). The ICU also had more implementation when PaO2/FiO2 ratio was less than 300, (48.0% vs 34.6%; aOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48-0.71, P < .01). When comparing individual locations, wards had lower odds of LTVV than the ICU (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.96, P  =  .02), the ED had lower odds than the ICU (aOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.48-0.63, P < .01), and the ED had lower odds than the wards (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.56-0.77, P < .01). Interpretation: Initial low tidal volumes were more likely to be initiated in the ICU than outside. This finding remained when examining only patients with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio less than 300. Care areas outside of the ICU do not employ LTVV as often as ICUs and are, therefore, a possible target for process improvement.
Exploring Sociodemographic and Mental Health Differences Among Constructed Male Victim Severity Profiles
Authors: Depraetere Joke , Vander Beken Tom , Keygnaert Ines , Vandeviver Christophe
Published: May 2023

Stigmas and taboos surrounding male sexual violence, stating that men cannot be sexually victimized and would not experience many adverse effects as a result, continue to shroud the issue of male sexual victimization (SV). Male victims, therefore, remain under-recognized in research, policy, and treatment provisions. Furthermore, knowledge regarding male SV is severely compromised by studying male victims in convenience samples with a focus on hands-on forms of sexual violence. Finally, severity of SV is often described using a one-dimensional approach based on presumed severity leading to an oversimplified image. This study addresses these various gaps in scientific research by constructing severity profiles of male SV based on self-reported consequences, prevalence, and co-occurrence of SV. A total of 1,078 male victims were selected from a Belgian nationally representative sample collected between October 2019 and January 2021. Profiles are constructed using latent class analysis. Sociodemographic differences across the profiles are examined through multinomial regression analysis. Finally, differences in current mental health problems across the profiles are assessed. Four distinct male victim profiles are identified: (a) low severity—low victimization (58.3%), (b) medium severity—hands-off victimization (21.4%), (c) medium severity—poly-victimization (13.3%), and (d) high severity—poly-victimization (7.0%). Group comparisons show how male victims in the high-severity class report significantly higher rates of mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and suicide and/or self-harm. Significant differences in class membership were found for age, occupational status, relationship status, sexual orientation, and financial status. This study provides new insights in the patterns of male SV and highlights the presence of poly-victimization among male victims. Additionally, we point out how the so-called minor forms of SV (i.e., hands-off SV) can have a large effect on male victims. The study ends with suggestions for care and future research.
Assessing the Predictive Validity of the Massachusetts Candidate Assessment of Performance
Authors: Chen Bingjie , Cowan James , Goldhaber Dan , Theobald Roddy
Published: May 2023

We evaluate the predictive validity of the Massachusetts Candidate Assessment of Performance (CAP), a practice-based assessment of teaching skills that is now a requirement for teacher preparation program completion in Massachusetts. We find that candidates’ performance on the CAP significantly predicts their in-service summative performance evaluations in their first 2 years in the teaching workforce, but it is not predictive of their value added to student test scores in these years. These findings suggest that the CAP captures aspects of candidates’ skills and competencies that are better reflected in their future performance evaluations than by their impacts on student performance.
Using Quantitative Critical Race Methodology to Explore Teachers’ Perceived Beliefs
Authors: Stewart Nathaniel D. , Beard Karen S. , Kim Minjung
Published: May 2023

As critical educational policy scholarship continues to move toward transformational knowledge production, critical and contextualized quantitative methods are central to justice and equity. In this study, the authors used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), guided by quantitative critical race methodology, to examine teachers’ beliefs about their ability to instantiate critical pedagogy— critical pedagogical efficacy. We parametrized a latent path model to examine the additive influence teacher solidarity for justice has on the relationship between teacher justice collaboration frequency and critical pedagogical efficacy. The model estimate indicated the cruciality of teacher solidarity in improving critical pedagogical efficacy beliefs. Our study’s discussion section offers implications for teachers, leaders, policy actors, and critical quantitative researchers contributing to, or planning to join educational justice movements.
The Adoption of Test-Based Grade Retention Policies: An Event History Analysis
Authors: Redding Christopher , Carlo Steven M.
Published: May 2023

We use event history analysis on an aggregate dataset from 1997 to 2018 to understand the state-level antecedents associated with the adoption of test-based grade retention policies. Findings indicate that the educational conditions of a state to be more predictive of retention policy adoption than the political, economic, and geographic measures. In particular, a greater share of Black students in a state, lower fourth grade NAEP reading proficiency rates, and larger student enrollments in the early grades were all associated with increased odds of grade retention policy adoption.
Strategic Utilization of Dantrolene in a Case of Severe Acute Generalized Tetanus
Authors: Kataria Vivek , Agha Terra , Ryman Klayton , Iyer Nithya
Published: May 2023

Tetanus is a life-threatening, vaccine-preventable disease caused by an endotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. We report a case of severe tetanus in an adult male with a history of intravenous drug use. The patient presented with a 1-day history of inability to open his jaw and a right lower extremity necrotic wound. Initial management consisted of tetanus toxoid, human tetanus immunoglobulin, antimicrobials and intermittent lorazepam. Due to progressive symptoms, wound debridement and placement of an advanced airway in the operating room ensued. Episodes of tetany were associated with fever, autonomic instability, acute desaturations and preemptive ventilator triggering despite maximum doses of continuous propofol and midazolam. Neuromuscular blockade with cisatracurium was added, resulting in control of tetany. Despite initial control, NMB could not be weaned due to recurrent spasms. Intravenous dantrolene was therefore sought as an alternative antispasmodic. Following an initial load, patient was successfully liberated from cisatracurium. Dantrolene was therefore converted to enteral to facilitate gradual down-titration of intravenous sedatives with subsequent conversion to oral benzodiazepines. After a prolonged hospital course, the patient was able to be discharged home. Dantrolene was thus effectively utilized as an adjunctive antispasmodic agent to facilitate liberation from cisatracurium and continuous sedation.
The adult in the room: The push and pull of parental involvement in research with children
Authors: Wiedenman Eric M , Lee Katharine MN , Hunleth Jean
Published: May 2023

Parental involvement in research where children are the primary study participants is frequent but under-analyzed. To understand such dynamics in research with children, we examined children’s (ages 8–14) interactions with parents who came in and out of view during our virtual interviews in our study, Photographing Health by Rural Adolescents in the MidwEst (PHRAME). We identified the pull and push of this adult involvement—a choreography in which children were active participants. Our analysis demonstrates that such interactions provide important data about how children navigated power dynamics, and also offer integral insights on how they were doing health and care.
Modeling of constitutive behavior and ductile fracture of AA5A06 aluminum alloy sheet in warm hydroforming process
Authors: Kangning Liu , Mingnan Zhao , Han Han , Lihui Lang , Qiuyu Xu
Published: May 2023

In order to predict the formability of lightweight materials, the flow stress and fracture behavior of AA5A06 aluminum alloy which is very sensitive to temperature and strain-rate were investigated in this study. First, a modified Misiolek constitutive equation with a work-soften term is proposed to calculate the flow stress of the sheet metal. To predict ductile fracture in sheet forming operations, Cockcroft-Latham damage criterion is applied here and ductile fracture threshold under each condition is estimated using Response Surface Method. Finally, warm hydroforming deep drawing tests were conducted at various conditions and the experiment results are compared with the numerical simulation result to evaluate the new model’s feasibility and accuracy in forecasting the mechanical response of the material in warm forming conditions. Results show that the proposed model has a good accuracy compared with the traditional power law models and the FEM simulation conforms well to the tests.
A geometric assessment method for estimating dimensional change of retrieved dual mobility liners for total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Smeeton Mackenzie , Isaac Graham , Wilcox Ruth , Anderson James , Board Tim , Van Citters Douglas W , Williams Sophie
Published: May 2023

Despite their emerging use, the current understanding of the in-vivo functional mechanisms of Dual Mobility (DM) Total Hip Replacements (THRs) is poor, and current characterisation methodologies are not suitable for the unique function and design of these types of devices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a geometric characterisation methodology to estimate dimensional change across the articulating surfaces of retrieved DM polyethylene liners so that their invivo function may be better understood. The method involves the acquisition of three-dimensional coordinate data from the internal and external surfaces of DM liners. The data is processed using a bespoke MATLAB script which approximates the unworn reference geometry of each surface, calculates geometric variance at each point and produces surface deviation heatmaps so that areas of wear and/or deformation may be visualised across the implant. One as-manufactured and five retrieved DM liners were assessed, which demonstrated the efficacy, repeatability and sensitivity of the developed method. This study describes an automated and non-destructive approach for assessing retrieved DM liners of any size and from any manufacturer, which may be used in future research to improve our understanding of their in-vivo function and failure mechanisms.
Are corporate environmental, social, and governance practices contagious? The peer-effect perspective
Authors: Huang Shijun , Du Pengcheng , Hong Yu , Wu Woran
Published: May 2023

Environmental (E), social (S), and governance (G) concepts have become a global consensus. Therefore, exploring the motivation mechanism adopted by companies to carry out ESG practices to promote sustainable social and economic development is of far-reaching significance. This study investigated whether there was a peer effect in the ESG practices of A-share listed companies and explored its mechanism of action and economic consequences using the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2021. The empirical results show that there is a significant regional and industry peer effect on the ESG practices of A-share listed companies, which still holds when the average stock trait return is used as the instrumental variable. Furthermore, the mechanism test indicates that the information learning motive and agency cost are potential reasons for the peer effect of ESG practices. On the one hand, followers with information disadvantages tend to imitate the ESG practices of leaders with information advantages, but the converse is invalid. On the other hand, a worse external information environment leads to a higher degree of uncertainty, while a higher agency cost leads to a stronger peer effect of ESG practices. Lastly, the peer effect of corporate ESG practices helps create corporate value and increases corporate risk-taking to some extent. This paper provides a new micro perspective for understanding the occurrence mechanism and economic consequences of ESG practices, as well as crucial empirical evidence for firms to make sustainable development investment decisions.
Global trends in digital preservation: Outsourcing versus in-house practices
Authors: Ahmad Rafiq , Rafiq Muhammad , Arif Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Digital preservation encompasses policies, technologies, and strategies to ensure that digital objects and collections will sustain for future use. This study aimed at investigating the trends toward digital preservation in terms of in-house activities versus outsourcing by systematically reviewing the extant literature. The relevant studies were identified by accessing multiple databases and indexing and abstracting services. After retrieving the relevant literature, necessary filtering was done by following the PRISMA protocols, and thereafter the selected studies were finalized for further review. The meta-analysis of the final studies affirms a strong global preference of libraries, archives, and other cultural and memory organizations toward in-house activities for the preservation of their digital objects and collections compared to outsourcing digital preservation activities by third parties. The results of this study provide a holistic view of how digital assets are being preserved in memory institutions across the world and underpin the global management (in-house or outsourced) approaches for digital preservation.
The 5-year risk of recurrence of grade 2/3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after treatment in a population screening programme by human papillomavirus status: A cohort study in central Italy
Authors: Visioli Carmen Beatriz , Iossa Anna , Gorini Giuseppe , Mantellini Paola , Lelli Lisa , Auzzi Noemi , Pierro Carmelina Di , Carozzi Francesca Maria , Zappa Marco
Published: May 2023

Objectives

(a) To estimate the risk of recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2/3 or worse (CIN2+/CIN3+), lesions within 5 years of follow-up in human papillomavirus-negative/human papillomavirus-positive cohorts; (b) to assess whether certain risk factors can predict the recurrence of CIN2+/CIN3+ lesions; and (c) to provide recommendations for follow-up after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2/3 to prevent cervical cancer.

Setting

Organized cervical cancer screening programme in Central Italy.

Methods

We included 1063 consecutive first excisional treatments performed between 2006 and 2014 for screening-detected cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2/3 lesions among women aged 25–65. The study population was divided into two groups according to the human papillomavirus test results performed 6 months after treatment: Human papillomavirus-negative and human papillomavirus-positive cohorts. The 5-year risk of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2/3 or worse (CIN2+/CIN3+) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox regression model.

Results

Among 829 human papillomavirus-negative and 234 human papillomavirus-positive women, six (0.72%; three cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2, three cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 3) and 45 (19.2%; 15 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2, 30 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 3), respectively, developed CIN2+ recurrence within 5 years of follow-up. The cumulative risks for CIN2+ and CIN3+ were 0.9% (95% confidence interval: 0.4%–2.0%) and 0.5% (95% confidence interval: 0.1%–1.4%), respectively, for the human papillomavirus-negative cohort, and 24.8% (95% confidence interval: 18.5%–32.7%) and 16.9% (95% confidence interval: 11.4%–24.5%), respectively, for the human papillomavirus-positive cohort. Risk factors associated with increased risk of recurrence were both margins positive for the human papillomavirus-negative cohort, and positive margins, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 3 lesions, high-grade cytology and high viral load for the human papillomavirus-positive cohort.

Conclusions

Human papillomavirus testing can identify women at increased risk of recurrence and this supports a recommendation for its use in the post-treatment follow-up of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2/3 lesions.
Identification of the Preferences Signals of Facebook Algorithm in Prioritising Page Posts on Users’ Feeds
Authors: Barsaiyan Sunil , Sijoria Charu
Published: May 2023

With an objective to deliver a relevant experience to its users, the social media platform Facebook employs a backend algorithm to select and identify the page posts, to further populate them on the user’s newsfeeds. The algorithm receives indications or signals from the user activities/actions on the platform w.r.t the posts uploaded/publicly communicated by the pages. In this article, the authors have studied the important user actions from the Facebook algorithm point of view through a systematic analysis of academic and industry-based literature to unearth the user action preferences of the secret and always-changing Facebook algorithm. Basis the findings, the authors have also suggested a conceptual model that drives higher user engagement for the pages. Results reveal that at the page level, ‘Follow’ and ‘Share’ are positive indicators for the algorithm, while ‘Unfollow’ and ‘Page Block’ are negative signals that impact a page’s visibility on the users’ newsfeed. At the post level, ‘Share’, ‘Comments’ and ‘Reactions’ are the positive signals of rankings whereas ‘Unfollow’, ‘Hide’ and ‘Snooze’ are a negative set of user actions. The findings of this article are extremely vital for the millions of Facebook page owners/marketers to optimise the overall results.