bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P450 gene family mediates allelochemical detoxification and tolerance to alkaloids in cactophilic Drosophila
Authors: Carreira Valeria , Bouzas Santiago , Padró Julián , Soto Ignacio M.
Published: September 2022

Cacti are characterized by the extensive production of a broad variety of toxic metabolites as an anti‐herbivore strategy but nevertheless cactophilic Drosophila spp. (Diptera: Drosophilidae) feed and breed on decaying cacti. The family of cytochrome P450 is a group of enzymes involved in the detoxification metabolism, which are critical for the adaptation of phytophagous insects, especially populations of Drosophila exploiting cacti. In this context, Drosophila buzzatii Patterson & Wheeler and Drosophila koepferae Fontdevila & Wasserman (Drosophilini), constitute an excellent model for the study of the genetic basis of tolerance to cacti allelochemicals. These closely related species allow testing to what extent a relatively small set of genes can explain host use patterns and their role in the divergent evolution of specialization. We evaluated the role of the P450 genes in the adaptation of these species to the use of one of their hosts, the columnar cactus Trichocereus terscheckii (Parm.) Friedrich & GD Rowley (Cactaceae). Experimentally evolved strains exhibiting different degrees of cactus specialization were exposed to artificial rearing media enriched with cactus allelochemicals and piperonyl butoxide (PBO), an inhibitor of P450 family activity. Our analyses showed a significant viability reduction in the presence of PBO, in the non‐tolerant strains of both species as well as in the strain historically subjected to mild concentrations of allelochemicals (the soft strain) of D. koepferae. We confirmed the key role of P450 genes for the evolution of cactus specialization but also found evidence for the evolution of other detoxification pathways.
Exploring gamified learning for inculcating patient safety concepts in dentistry: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Song Yi Lin , Foo Lean Heong , Ong Meng Ann Marianne
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Freshly graduated dentists transition from a supervised undergraduate school clinic into their workplace with limited knowledge on patient safety goals. Many studies have demonstrated benefits of using gamified media in clinical education, but no research has yet been conducted to find out its application in teaching patient safety concepts in dentistry. This study therefore aimed to find out the value of gamified learning in inculcating patient safety concepts in dentistry.

Materials and Methods

This mixed‐methods study was conducted on general dentists working in NDCS with a post‐bachelor's degree graduation work experience of ≤5 years using a conceptual framework consisting of pre/post‐knowledge assessment, game data and game performance review. A pre‐intervention knowledge test was conducted before a gamified learning educational intervention involving participants assuming the role of a clinician avatar managing different clinical scenarios in a game. After the intervention, participants completed an online survey. Focus group interviews were then organised to find out more about their game experience. A post‐intervention knowledge test was also conducted.

Results

Quantitative results showed a significant improvement in test scores of participants after gamified learning. Qualitative feedback of the gamified learning experience was largely positive with majority of participants finding it beneficial though it also revealed some negative aspects and areas of improvement to work on.

Conclusion

Gamified learning was valuable in improving knowledge and enhancing learning of patient safety in this study group and has the potential for greater educational benefits given more funding to improve on the game prototype.
CaPTrends: A database of large carnivoran population trends from around the world
Authors: Johnson Thomas F. , Cruz Paula , Isaac Nick J. B. , Paviolo Agustin , González‐Suárez Manuela
Published: September 2022

Motivation

Population trend information is an ‘essential biodiversity variable’ for monitoring change in biodiversity over time. Here, we present a database of 1,122 population trends from around the world, describing changes in abundance over time in large mammal species (n = 50) from four families in the order Carnivora. For this subset of taxa, we provide approximately 21 times more trends than BioTIME and three times more trends than the Living Planet database.

Main types of variables included

Key data fields for each trend: species, coordinates, trend time‐frame, methods of data collection and analysis, and population time series or summarized trend value. Population trend values are reported using quantitative metrics in 75% of records that collectively represent more than 6,500 population estimates. The remaining records qualitatively describe population change (e.g., increase).

Spatial location and grain

Trends represent 621 unique locations across the globe (latitude: −51.0 to 80.0; longitude: −166.0 to 166.0). Most trends (86%) are found within the Northern Hemisphere.

Time period and grain

On average (mean), trends are derived from 6.5 abundance observations, and span in time from 1726 to 2017, with 92% of trends starting after 1950.

Major taxa and level of measurement

We conducted a semi‐systematic search for population trend data in 87 species from four families in the order Carnivora: Canidae, Felidae, Hyaenidae and Ursidae. We compiled data for 50 of the 87 species.

Software format

.csv.
Productivity of beef cattle grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu with and without nitrogen fertilizer application or mixed pastures with the legume Desmodium ovalifolium
Authors: dos Santos Camila Almeida , Monteiro Rafael Cassador , Homem Bruno Grossi Costa , Salgado Lucero Sarabia , Casagrande Daniel Rume , Pereira José Marques , de Paula Rezende Cláudia , Alves Bruno José Rodrigues , Boddey Robert Michael
Published: September 2022

The use of forage legumes to contribute biologically fixed nitrogen (N) to pastures is an alternative to increase beef cattle production in tropical regions. The objective was to compare the impact of the introduction of a legume with that of N fertilizer application on forage and animal production in Brachiaria pastures. This two‐year study assessed three pasture treatments: (1) mixed Marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha [syn. Urochloa brizantha] cv. Marandu) and the legume “ovalifolium” (Desmodium ovalifolium) cv. Itabela (Mixed), (2) Marandu palisadegrass pastures with 150 kg N ha−1 (Fertilized), and (3) Marandu palisadegrass without N fertilizer (Unfertilized). Rotational stocking with a variable stocking rate was used with a target herbage allowance of 1.0 kg forage kg body weight−1. The pre‐grazing green herbage mass was similar for Fertilized and Mixed pastures, with 54% and 63% more mass than Unfertilized pasture, respectively (p < .001). Cattle that grazed the fertilized pasture had the greatest average daily gain (ADG; p = .017). The stocking rate and liveweight gain per area were greatest for the Fertilized and Mixed pastures (p < .001 and p < .001, respectively). No differences between treatments were found for DM forage intake (p = .555). Organic matter digestibility was lowest (p < .001) for the Mixed pasture. The inclusion of the ovalifolium legume in the Marandu pasture had the same impact on beef cattle production as annual fertilization with 150 kg N ha−1. The potential and environmental benefits of ovalifolium are discussed.
‘HERKUNFT IST ZUFALL’: ZU OFFENEN HERKUNFTS‐ UND HEIMATKONZEPTEN IN DER LITERATUR DER DEUTSCHEN POSTMIGRANTISCHEN GENERATION
Authors: Rutka Anna
Published: September 2022

In the context of present mass migrations, escapes and ethnic wars, the traditional approach to origin and homeland in terms of belonging to an ethnically homogeneous nation, monocultures with one mother tongue and a strictly defined territory are subject to criticism and (re)‐defining. This article presents and analyses examples of four literary works whose authors are representatives of the young post‐immigrant generation in Germany: the prose texts by Saša Stanišić (Herkunft, 2020), Senthuran Varatharajah (Vor der Zunahme der Zeichen, 2017) and Katja Petrowskaja (Vielleicht Esther, 2014), and a radio play by Marina Frenk (Jenseits der Kastanien, 2017). In the selected prose works and radio play, the authors raise the issue of origin and homeland in the context of migration, globalisation, and transcultural movements. The article presents the complex processes of searching for adequate artistic expression for experiences related to disrupting family lineage continuity, loss of homeland as a country of birth, and multilingualism. The traditional patterns of stories about origin and homeland are broken and their semantics are redefined. Hybrid, open and ambiguous narrative forms replace the linearity of cause‐and‐effect chains. Belonging to a multitude of locations and systems, multilingualism, multi‐media, and transcultural strategies are a literary alternative to nationally coded models of origin and homeland.
Real‐world experience with weight gain among pregnant women living with HIV who are using integrase inhibitors
Authors: Fuller Trevon , Fragoso da Silveira Gouvêa Maria Isabel , Benamor Teixeira Maria de Lourdes , Ferreira Medeiros Adriana , Amorim da Silva Patricia , Medeiros Braga Camile , Constan Werneck Sant'anna Miriam , de Mattos Salgueiro Mariza , da Silveira Bressan Clarisse , Mendes‐Silva Wallace , João Esau C.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

We assessed real‐world weight change and pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women living with HIV who used integrase strand transferase inhibitor (INSTI)‐based combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Methods

In a retrospective cohort study from 2014 to 2021 for prevention of perinatal HIV infection, we evaluated changes in weight from the first prenatal visit to near delivery for two groups. The categories of change were: low (< 0.18 kg/week), normal (0.18–0.59 kg/week), and high (> 0.59 kg/week). The backbones were lamivudine + tenofovir disoproxil or lamivudine + zidovudine. The comparison groups were women with body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 versus BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and INSTI‐naïve versus INSTI‐experienced. Continuous variables were analysed with a Kruskal–Wallis test and count or categorical data with χ2 tests.

Results

We enrolled 198 pregnant women. At study entry, 74 had BMI < 25 kg/m2 and 124 had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Excess gestational weight gain was more frequent among women who were INSTI‐naïve among both BMI groups (< 25 and ≥ 25). However, the proportion of participants per weight change category was only significantly different between INSTI‐naïve women with baseline BMI < 25 kg/m2 and INSTI‐experienced women with BMI < 25 kg/m2. In particular, INSTI‐naïve women with BMI < 25 kg/m2 had significantly higher rates of excess gestational weight gain (31.6%) compared with participants with BMI < 25 kg/m2 who conceived while on INSTIs (11.8%, p = 0.004). Rates of unfavourable pregnancy outcomes were low and did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions

INSTI‐naïve participants with BMI < 25 kg/m2 gained more weight during pregnancy than participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 who conceived while using INSTIs. Rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes did not differ between the groups.
Outcomes reporting in systematic reviews on revitalization: A scoping review for the development of a core outcome set
Authors: Cushley Siobhan , McLister Conor , Lappin Mark J. , Harrington Marc , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Duncan Henry F. , El karim Ikhlas
Published: September 2022

Background

Revitalization is a type of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) that offers the exciting prospect of revitalizing damaged tissue, therefore improving outcomes for non‐vital immature teeth. To evaluate its potential, there needs to be consistency in outcome reporting of clinical studies investigating revitalization to allow for evidence synthesis and inform clinical decision making.

Objectives

The aim of this scoping review was to identify outcomes that are reported in systematic reviews on revitalization including how and when these outcomes are measured. Additionally, evidence of selective reporting bias in the reviews was assessed.

Methods

A comprehensive electronic search of healthcare databases and grey literature was conducted to identify systematic reviews published in the English language reporting outcomes of revitalization in permanent immature teeth. There was no restriction on the date of publication. Outcome data was extracted by four reviewers independently and mapped with a healthcare taxonomy into five core areas: survival, clinical/physiological changes, life impact, resource use and adverse events. Selective reporting bias and how it was measured was assessed independently by two reviewers.

Results

Twenty‐six systematic reviews were included in this scoping review. There was lack of standardization in reporting and significant heterogeneity across reviews in outcome endpoints. The outcomes reported could be aligned within the five core areas of the taxonomy including tooth survival which was reported in nine reviews. Patient‐reported outcomes were generally limited and no review reported on Oral Health Related Quality of Life. Many of the reviews reporting on randomized control trials were at low risk of selective reporting bias whilst other study designs were at higher risk.

Discussion

Consistency in outcome reporting is necessary to realize the benefits of old but particularly novel therapies. Data from this review confirmed heterogeneity in reporting outcomes of revitalization and the need for development of a core outcome set (COS).

Conclusions

Several important outcomes including survival, root development, tooth discolouration and periapical healing have been identified in this review which could inform the development of a COS in this area.

Registration

Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database (registration no. 1879).
Alumina‐spinel castable for steel ladles: An overview
Authors: Kumar Satyam , Sarkar Ritwik
Published: September 2022

Alumina‐spinel castable has excellent refractory properties, including high volume and thermal stability, good hot strength, and excellent resistance against corrosion, erosion, and thermal spalling. Excellent refractory properties have made it a preferred lining for steel ladles, reducing the erosion and corrosion of molten metal and slag and improving the ladle life and efficiency for decades. These castables are also significant for the replacement of chrome‐bearing refractories that cause several health hazards. The current review paper covers preformed and in situ spinel containing alumina castables. It focuses on the importance of these castables in the sidewall and bottom portion of the steel ladle in detail, the effect of spinel and MgO content, and the factors affecting castable properties. The review also covers the final properties of castable and the application areas of alumina‐spinel castable in steel ladle, purging plugs, and RH‐degasser.
Predictors of rapid progression of estimated glomerular filtration rate among persons living with diabetes and/or hypertension in Ghana: Findings from a multicentre study
Authors: Ofori Emmanuel , Gyan Kwadwo Faka , Gyabaah Solomon , Nguah Samuel Blay , Sarfo Fred Stephen
Published: September 2022

In Ghana, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is 28.5% in diabetic hypertensive patients, 26.3% in hypertensives, and 16.1% in those with diabetes only. Trajectories of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among patients with hypertension and diabetes are important for monitoring and instituting prompt interventions to prevent the development of CKD, especially in the face of limited access to renal replacement therapy. In this prospective multi‐center study conducted at five hospitals in Ghana, we assessed predictors of rapid eGFR progression among adults with hypertension and/or diabetes. Serum creatinine at baseline and 18 months were taken and eGFR determined using the CKD‐EPI formula. eGFR trajectory was defined as fast when the decline of GFR was ≥ 5 ml/min/1.73 m2 per year. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify predictors of the fast progression of eGFR. Total 13% of 1261 participants met the criteria for rapid decline in eGFR. The adjusted odds ratio, aOR (95%CI), of four factors adversely associated with fast progression of eGFR were: increasing age 1.20 (1.03–1.14), partial health insurance coverage for medications 1.48 (1.05–2.08), history of smoking 1.91 (1.11–3.27), angiotensin‐receptor blockade use 1.55 (1.06–2.25) while metformin use was protective .56 (.35–.90). Proportion with eGFR <60 ml/min increased from 14% at baseline to 19% at month 18. Effective health insurance policies to improve medication access and avoidance of smoking are interventions that may mitigate the rising burden of CKD in individuals with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension.
A retrospective analysis of EBV‐DNA status with the prognosis of lymphoma
Authors: Qiu Lihua , Si Junqi , Kang Junnan , Chen Zehui , Nuermaimaiti Rexidan , Qian Zhengzi , Li Lanfang , Zhou Shiyong , You Mingjian James , Zhang Huilai , Tian Chen
Published: September 2022

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is proved to be associated with clinicopathology of lymphoma. However, little is known about the relationship between EBV‐DNA status after treatment and prognosis. In this study, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for quantitative detection of EBV‐DNA load in peripheral blood of all 26,527 patients with lymphoma, and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of 202 patients were retrospectively analysed, including 100 patients with positive EBV‐DNA and 102 randomly selected patients with negative EBV‐DNA. We found that the average rate of EBV‐DNA positivity in lymphomas was 0.376%, and EBV‐DNA‐positive patients presented higher risk with elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β2‐MG level, B symptoms, secondary hemophagocytic syndrome and lower objective response rate compared to EBV‐DNA‐negative patients. Multivariate analysis revealed EBV‐DNA‐positive patients had inferior progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) and EBV‐DNA level before treatment was related to PFS but not OS of T/NK cell lymphoma. In T/NK cell lymphoma, EBV‐DNA converting negative after treatment was correlated with better PFS but not OS, and second‐line therapy could induce more EBV‐DNA‐negative conversion compared to CHOP‐based therapy. In all, EBV‐DNA positivity before treatment can be a biomarker representing the tumour burden and an independent prognostic factor. EBV‐DNA‐negative conversion after treatment is a good prognostic factor for T/NK cell lymphomas.
Hepatitis C viral load and mother‐to‐child transmission: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Deng Songqing , Zhong Wenfang , Chen Wen , Wang Zilian
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim

We aim to assess the association between maternal hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral load and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection and the risk for mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) among pregnant women infected with HCV.

Methods

A literature search of the Medline, Embase, Central, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), Conference Proceedings Citation Index‐Science (CPCIS), Scopus, Literature Latino‐Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), and WHO Global Index Medicus databases, from inception to June 21, 2022, was performed. Studies that reported the incidence HCV‐MTCT were included. Pooled effect estimates were calculated using the random‐effects model, and Holm–Bonferroni correction was performed for multiple pooled associations.

Results

The present meta‐analysis included 26 studies involving 4934 newborns with maternal HCV infection. Pregnant women with HCV viremia exhibited increased risk for MTCT (odds ratio [OR] 8.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.65–14.63]) compared with those negative for HCV‐RNA. Multiple subgroup analysis revealed that the HCV viremia/HIV‐positive group demonstrated the highest risk for HCV MTCT, followed by the HCV viremia mono‐infected group, while HCV‐RNA‐negative women demonstrated the lowest risk for HCV MTCT. Among females with HCV viremia, elevated risk for MTCT was found among subjects with a viral load ≥ 6 log10 copies/mL compared with those with viral load < 6 log10 copies/mL (OR 4.58 [95% CI: 2.52–8.34]).

Conclusion

The incidence of HCV MTCT was increased among pregnant women with detectable HCV viremia and was even higher in those with a viral load ≥ 6 log10 copies/mL. HIV coinfection further increased the risk for HCV MTCT.
Autobiographical memory impairment in chronic schizophrenia: Significance and clinical correlates
Authors: Herold Christina J. , Lässer Marc M. , Schröder Johannes
Published: September 2022

Previous studies of autobiographical memory (AM) in schizophrenia yielded a reduction of specificity, richness of details and conscious recollection, which indicate both, quantitative and qualitative AM changes. However, their associations with psychopathological symptoms and neuropsychological deficits were not resolved. Therefore, we sought to investigate AM with respect to psychopathology and neuropsychology in patients with chronic schizophrenia to rule out the influence of different courses of the disease. AM of four lifetime periods was examined in 75 patients and 50 healthy controls by using a semi‐structured interview. The recalled episodes were rated for memory specificity. Subsequently, one single event of each period of life was rated for details and experiential aspects of reliving (originality, vividness/visual imagery, emotional re‐experiencing and emotional valence). When contrasted with healthy controls, patients recalled a significantly reduced number of episodes and personal semantic facts; moreover, memory specificity of AM was significantly lower in patients than controls. While the richness of details calculated for single events showed only minor, non‐significant group differences, vividness and emotional re‐experiencing were significantly less pronounced in the patient group. Along with this, AM performance correlated significantly with negative symptoms including apathy as well as verbal memory and executive functions. Our results underline the significance of overgenerality as a key feature of AM in schizophrenia as well as a dissociation between intact number of details of single events and reduced vividness and emotional re‐experiencing. The extent of negative symptoms including apathy and impairments of verbal memory/executive functions may explain AM deficits in chronic schizophrenia.
Evaluation of supratrochlear artery depth and course variations by Doppler ultrasonography along the glabellar frown lines for safer filler injections
Authors: Güvenç Ulaş , Ten Barış , Kaya Tamer İrfan , Yüksek Hasan Hüsnü , Türsen Ümit
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Hyaluronic acid (HA) injection is a popular nonsurgical, rejuvenating procedure to treat glabellar frown lines, which has devastating complications such as blindness and skin necrosis due to the arterial occlusion of supratrochlear artery (STA). Therefore, when injecting into the frown lines, knowledge of the STA's depth and plane is necessary to prevent possible adverse events. The aim of this study was to identify the depths of STA in the area of the frown lines in order to maximize safety during filler injections.

Methods

Supratrochlear artery depth measurements were performed at the level of eyebrow and at the level of 1.5 cm above the eyebrow. Superficial duplex Doppler ultrasonography was performed of 71 cases.

Results

In the eyebrow level, the epidermis‐artery distance (EAD) is between 1,8 and 5.9 mm, and the artery‐periost distance (APD) is between 0.7 and 3.7 mm. In the 1.5 cm superior level of the eyebrow, the EAD is between 1.8 and 5.1 mm and the APD is between 0.6 and 3.8 mm. There was no significant difference between the depth measurements of the right and left STA. At the eyebrow level, APD is greater in men than in women. As the body mass index increases, the EAD and APD depth increases. EAD depth increases with increasing age.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of this study, safe filler injections to correct the glabellar frown lines can be possible with intradermal injections just below the ryhtide. In the glabellar region, subcutaneous and supraperiosteal injections seems to be risky.
Study on the correlation of high expression level of HuD with seborrheic keratosis and skin aging
Authors: Chen Juping , Liu Jun , Wang Zheng , Xu Jiandan , Tao Jia , Li Hualing
Published: September 2022

Background

Currently, most studies of ELAV (Embryonic Lethal, Abnormal Vision, Drosophila)‐like protein 4 (Hu antigen D, HuD) focus on nervous system‐related diseases; the role of HuD in the occurrence of skin aging and seborrheic keratosis (SK) has not been reported.

Objective

To explore the role of HuD in the occurrence of SK and skin aging and its related clinical significance.

Methods

The expression levels of HuD in the skin and blood of healthy people at different ages, SK lesions, and perilesional skin of SK patients were detected by both immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The mRNA expression levels of HuD in the skin and blood of healthy peoples at different ages were detected by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The expression level of HuD was compared with the skin of healthy people, SK lesion, and perilesional skin of SK patients of the same age.

Results

The immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed that the expression levels of HuD in SK lesions were higher than those in healthy skin and perilesional skin. The immunohistochemical staining intensity, protein and mRNA expression levels of HuD in the skin and blood of healthy people were correlated with age, which gradually increased with increasing age.

Conclusion

HuD is highly expressed in SK lesion and aged skin, indicating that a higher HuD expression level is correlated with occurrence of SK and aging skin; however, its mechanism needs to be further studied.
The effect of delayed umbilical cord clamping on Newborn's oxygen saturation and sucking success in primiparous pregnant
Authors: Taşkin Rumeysa , Kanbur Ayla
Published: September 2022

Aim

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of delayed umbilical cord clamping on the newborn's oxygen saturation and sucking success in primiparas.

Methods

The study was conducted based on the experimental model with a control group, between March 15–November 10, 2020. The sample of the study consisted of 101 primiparous pregnant (48 primiparous with delayed cord clamping within 1–3 min and 53 primiparous with early cord clamping within 1 min) (having no high‐risk pregnancy, 38–42 weeks, vaginal birth) in Turkey. The data were collected using a personal information form, the LATCH breastfeeding tool and the pulse oximetry. Statistical analyses were conducted using percentage distribution, arithmetic means, chi‐square testing, and independent samples t‐testing.

Results

Oxygen saturation values of newborns with delayed umbilical cord clamping were higher than those of newborns with early cord clamping. The saturation was first minute 66.43 versus 74.37, fifth minute 81.90 versus 88.60, tenth minute 91.77 versus 94.50 (p < 0.05). When compared to the group with early cord clamping, oxygen saturation is higher in the first by 11.95%, in the fifth by 8.18%, and in the tenth minute by 2.97% in the group with delayed cord clamping. The LATCH breastfeeding scores were found to be higher in the group with delayed cord clamping compared to the group with early cord clamping.

Conclusion

It was determined that delayed cord clamping positively affected oxygen saturation values and sucking success in neonatal babies. Delayed umbilical cord clamping is an important issue that needs to be addressed in its different dimensions.
José Ortega y Gasset (1934), Ibn Khaldūn Reveals the Secret to Us (thoughts on Africa Minor) translated from Spanish by Cynthia Scheopner
Authors: Scheopner Cynthia
Published: September 2022

José Ortega y Gasset (1883–1955) was puzzled how Melilla remained a Spanish enclave on the North African coast. By 1927, Spain had solidified its hold on Northern Morocco and several books on the history and culture of “Africa minor” had been published; in one Ortega encountered Ibn Khaldūn. Ortega read the Prolegomena to History in the French translation by William MacGuckin de Slane. He found a key to understanding Spain that he explored in this essay, first published in El Espectador journal of Madrid in 1934. It introduced Ibn Khaldun to European audiences as the first philosopher of history three decades before an English translation of his work. Ortega, then, knew of Ibn Khaldun's theory of generations at the time he was developing his own. Ortega noted page numbers in parentheses in the text where he quoted from De Slane. The end notes are from the text as well, documenting Ortega's secondary sources for his impressions of Ibn Khaldūn, Islam, and North African culture.
Nursing staff and nursing managers' experiences of using the interRAI ID instrument in assessing the service needs of persons with intellectual disabilities in housing services
Authors: Kangasniemi Hanna , Ryhtä Iina , Stolt Minna
Published: September 2022

The assessment of service needs among persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) is important to identify a person's needs, strengths and preferences. One commonly used instrument for service needs assessment is Resident Assessment Instrument Intellectual Disabilities (interRAI ID). However, there is limited evidence of the experiences of using interRAI ID for assessing the service needs of persons with ID from nursing staff and nursing managers' perspective. The aim of this study was to explore the suitability of the interRAI ID instrument (version Fi2020.1) for assessing the service needs and functional development of persons with ID as described by nursing staff and nursing managers working in a housing service. The data were collected using focus group interviews (n = 3) in May 2020. The interviews were conducted in units providing housing services for persons with ID (n = 6). The interview groups consisted of nursing staff (n = 22) and nursing managers (n = 6). The data were analysed using inductive content analysis. The experiences of nursing staff and nursing managers fell under three main categories: (1) the assessment process; (2) possibilities to use the assessment data and (3) implementation experience. The interRAI ID instrument is suitable and useful for the systematic assessment of the health, functional capacity and service needs of persons with ID. In the future, effective and evidence‐based methods are needed to promote the assessment skills of nursing staff and to use assessment data in nursing practice as well as nursing management.
Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacies of fenbendazole in comparison with levamisole in helminth‐infected Caspian turtles (Mauremys caspica)
Authors: Youssefi Mohammad Reza , Khabbazian Faezeh Ghiami , Navidi Niki , Yazdani Rostam Mohammad Mehdi , Giorgi Mario , Abouhosseini Tabari Mohaddeseh
Published: September 2022

The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of fenbendazole and levamisole were determined in Caspian turtles after a single intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration. Thirty turtles diagnosed as naturally infected with Serpinema microcephalus and Falcaustra armenica nematodes received fenbendazole (50 mg/kg) or levamisole (10 mg/kg) by i.v. and s.c. administrations. Blood samples were collected at time 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h after drug administration. Plasma drug concentrations were determined by a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography method. Data were analyzed by noncompartmental methods. The mean elimination half‐life of levamisole was 5.16 h and 12.03 h for i.v. and s.c. routes, respectively, and for fenbendazole, the mean elimination half‐life was 25.38 h (i.v.) and 29.77 h (s.c.). The total clearance and volume of distribution at steady‐state for levamisole and fenbendazole following i.v. administration were 0.22, 0.44 ml/g/h, and 1.06 and 7.35 ml/g, respectively. For the s.c. route, the peak plasma concentration of levamisole and fenbendazole was 10.53 and 5.24 μg/mL, respectively. The s.c. bioavailability of levamisole and fenbendazole was complete. Considering high anthelmintic efficacy and bioavailability after s.c. administration of levamisole and fenbendazole, and the absence of adverse effects, this route of administration is an easy and efficacious way of treating nematodes in Caspian turtles.
Clinical features and prognostic factors of Magnusiomyces (Saprochaete) infections in haematology. A multicentre study of SEIFEM/Fungiscope
Authors: Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Seidel Danila , Criscuolo Marianna , Dargenio Michelina , Rácil Zdenek , Piedimonte Monica , Marchesi Francesco , Nadali Gianpaolo , Koehler Philipp , Fracchiolla Nicola , Cattaneo Chiara , Klimko Nikolai , Spolzino Angelica , Yilmaz Karapinar Deniz , Demiraslan Hayati , Duarte Rafael F. , Demeter Judit , Stanzani Marta , Melillo Lorella Maria Antonia , Basilico Claudia Maria , Cesaro Simone , Paterno Giovangiacinto , Califano Catello , Delia Mario , Buzzatti Elisa , Busca Alessandro , Alakel Nael , Arsenijevi'c Valentina Arsi'c , Camus Vincent , Falces‐Romero Iker , Itzhak Levy , Kouba Michal , Martino Rodrigo , Sedlacek Petr , Weinbergerová Barbora , Cornely Oliver A. , Pagano Livio ,   FUNGISCOPE (Global Emerging Fungal Infection Registry) and the SEIFEM (Sorveglianza Epidemiologica Infezioni nelle Emopatie)
Published: September 2022

Background

Our multicentre study aims to identify baseline factors and provide guidance for therapeutic decisions regarding Magnusiomyces‐associated infections, an emerging threat in patients with haematological malignancies.

Methods

HM patients with proven (Magnusiomyces capitatus) M. capitatus or (Magnusiomyces clavatus) M. clavatus (formerly Saprochaete capitata and Saprochaete clavata) infection diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2020 were recorded from the SEIFEM (Sorveglianza Epidemiologica Infezioni nelle Emopatie) group and FungiScope (Global Emerging Fungal Infection Registry). Cases of Magnusiomyces fungemia were compared with candidemia.

Results

Among 90 Magnusiomyces cases (60 [66%] M. capitatus and 30 (34%) M. clavatus), median age was 50 years (range 2–78), 46 patients (51%) were female and 67 (74%) had acute leukaemia. Thirty‐six (40%) of Magnusiomyces‐associated infections occurred during antifungal prophylaxis, mainly with posaconazole (n = 13, 36%) and echinocandins (n = 12, 34%). Instead, the candidemia rarely occurred during prophylaxis (p < .0001). First‐line antifungal therapy with azoles, alone or in combination, was associated with improved response compared to other antifungals (p = .001). Overall day‐30 mortality rate was 43%. Factors associated with higher mortality rates were septic shock (HR 2.696, 95% CI 1.396–5.204, p = .003), corticosteroid treatment longer than 14 days (HR 2.245, 95% CI 1.151–4.376, p = .018) and lack of neutrophil recovery (HR 3.997, 95% CI 2.102–7.601, p < .001). The latter was independently associated with poor outcome (HR 2.495, 95% CI 1.192–5.222, p = .015).

Conclusions

Magnusiomyces‐associated infections are often breakthrough infections. Effective treatment regimens of these infections remain to be determined, but neutrophil recovery appears to play an important role in the favourable outcome.
A Novel Suture‐Preset Spring Plate System (SSPS) for Comminuted Coronoid Process Fracture in the Elbow
Authors: Yan Ruijian , Wu Yifan , Xiang Zhihui , Li Sihao , Qi Yiying , Li Hang , Zhuang Chengyu , Feng Gang
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study is aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of a novel SSPS for fixation of the comminuted coronoid fracture.

Methods

A retrospective study was carried out in the patients with comminuted fractures of the coronoid treated by SPSS fixation between January 2014 and December 2018. A total of 17 patients (17 sides) was included in our study, including 11 male and six female, with a mean age range from 18 to 60. All cases started to functional rehabilitation immediately after the operation. Clinical outcomes were evaluated both radiographically and functionally at the follow‐up visit, including the elbow instability, range of motion and Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS).

Results

According to the O'Driscoll classification system, there was two side of type 1.2, two of type 2.1, four of type 2.2, three of type 2.3, two of 3.1 and four of type 3.2. The surgery was carried out by Kocher and anteromedial approach in 12 patients, posterior and anteromedial approach in four, anterior approach in one. The average operation time and intraoperative blood loss was 129.41±43.87 min and 115.29±104.65 ml. The median follow‐up time was 9 months (range, 6 to 15 months). The mean flexion, extension, pronation and supination motion was 138.76±8.67 degrees, 20.00±13.58, 82.94±5.32and 74.12±14.39 respectively at final follow up. The mean MEPS score was 89.76±8.46, including 11 excellent, 3 good and 3 fair result. The mean VAS score was 1.94±0.97. The mean union time of coronoid fractures was 2.77±0.31 months according to the established standard of healing. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes among groups according to the O'Driscoll classification (P > .05) and ligament repair strategy (P > .05). No patient underwent instability or dislocation of the elbow during follow up. There were two cases with mild ulnar nerve symptoms which recovered totally at follow up. Meanwhile, there were three cases with heterotopic ossification of the elbow.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated that the SSPS can provide a reliable fixation for the comminuted coronoid fracture with satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Association of maternal low‐carbohydrate‐diet score during pregnancy with allergic diseases at 2 years of age
Authors: Chen Xi , Lin Lixia , Huang Li , Wu Meng , Tan Tianqi , Li Qian , Zhong Chunrong , Wang Huanzhuo , Wang Weiming , Sun Guoqiang , Yi Nianhua , Yang Xuefeng , Hao Liping , Yang Hongying , Yang Nianhong
Published: September 2022

Background

We prospectively evaluated the association between low‐carbohydrate‐diet (LCD) score during pregnancy and the risk of allergic diseases in infants up to 2 years.

Methods

Participants were from a prospective mother‐offspring cohort study in Wuhan, China. LCD score was calculated according to the percentage of dietary energy intake from carbohydrate, protein, and fat assessed in late pregnancy using validated food frequency questionnaires. Allergic diseases, including immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated allergic diseases, allergic contact dermatitis, and food allergy, were recorded at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postpartum follow‐up. Poisson regression models were used to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Among 1636 mother–infant pairs included in the present analysis, 230 infants (14.1%) with IgE‐mediated allergic diseases, 77 (4.7%) with allergic contact dermatitis, and 488 (29.8%) with food allergy were, respectively, reported. Independent of total energy intake and other potential confounders, both the lowest quintile (RR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.13–2.77) and the highest quintile (RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.22–2.63), were associated with the risk of IgE‐mediated allergic diseases compared with the middle quintile. Among high‐carbohydrate‐diet pregnant women, substituting 5% of energy from either protein or fat for carbohydrate was associated with a lower risk of IgE‐mediated allergic diseases. While among low‐carbohydrate‐diet pregnant women, substituting 5% of energy from carbohydrate, especially high‐quality carbohydrate, for fat was associated with a lower risk of IgE‐mediated allergic diseases.

Conclusion

Maternal low carbohydrate‐high protein and fat, and high carbohydrate‐low protein and fat diet were both associated with an increased risk of allergic diseases in the infants up to 2 years. This study may provide an intervention strategy for allergy prevention in early childhood.
Risk of injuries requiring hospitalization in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the preventive effects of medication
Authors: Pai Ming‐Shang , Yang Szu‐Nian , Chu Chi‐Ming , Lan Tzuo‐Yun
Published: September 2022

Aims

Patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prone to injury and frequently require treatment with hospital admission. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of injuries requiring hospitalization among children and adolescents with and without ADHD and assess the effects of medication on the risk reduction in patients with ADHD.

Methods

This is a retrospective population‐based cohort study by using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. We compared 4658 6–18 year‐old ADHD patients with 18 632 sex‐, age‐, and index day‐matched non‐ADHD controls between 2005 and 2012. Both groups were followed until the end of 2013 to compare the risk of injuries requiring hospitalization. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjusting for confounders.

Results

Children and adolescents with ADHD had a significantly higher risk of injuries requiring hospitalization than the non‐ADHD controls (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.12–1.72), and a higher risk was especially observed in the male and adolescent subgroups. In ADHD patients, long‐term users of ADHD medication were associated with a lower risk of injuries requiring hospitalization than nonusers (HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.30–0.85).

Conclusion

Healthcare providers should be aware of the potential risk of injury in patients with ADHD and highlight the importance of the duration and compliance with medication treatment.
Ultrathin bronchoscopic cryobiopsy of peripheral pulmonary lesions
Authors: Oki Masahide , Saka Hideo , Kogure Yoshihito , Niwa Hideyuki , Yamada Arisa , Torii Atsushi , Kitagawa Chiyoe
Published: September 2022

Background and Objective

Ultrathin bronchoscopy aids in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions. However, both the working channel and the specimens are small. A 1.1‐mm ultrathin cryoprobe that can enter the working channel of the ultrathin bronchoscope is now available, which may overcome the limitations of small specimen size. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of ultrathin bronchoscopic cryobiopsy using an ultrathin cryoprobe for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Methods

Patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions ≤30 mm in diameter were prospectively enrolled in the study. All patients underwent forceps biopsy followed by cryobiopsy using a 3.0‐mm ultrathin bronchoscope under radial probe endobronchial ultrasound guidance, virtual bronchoscopic navigation and fluoroscopic guidance. The primary endpoint was the feasibility of cryobiopsy.

Results

In total, 50 patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions were enrolled in the study; the median longest diameter on computed tomography was 17.9 mm. Cryobiopsy was performed successfully in 49 patients (98%). Forceps biopsy, cryobiopsy and the combination of these two methods provided a specific diagnosis in 54% (27/50), 62% (31/50) and 74% (37/50) of patients, respectively. The median size of specimens obtained via cryobiopsy was significantly larger than the median size obtained via forceps biopsy (7.0 vs. 1.3 mm2, respectively, p < 0.001). Mild bleeding during cryobiopsy occurred in 47 patients (94%). No moderate/severe bleeding or pneumothorax occurred.

Conclusion

Ultrathin bronchoscopic cryobiopsy is feasible, effective and sufficiently safe for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions.
The novel HLA‐C*03:04:74 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Cai Yu , Zheng Zhong‐zheng , Du Ke‐ming , An Lin , Yang Juan
Published: September 2022

HLA‐C*03:04:74 differs from HLA‐C*03:04:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 6.
Experiences of pregnant people affected by natural disasters: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Suzuki Satoko , Sato Naho , Miyazaki Misako
Published: September 2022

Objective:

This qualitative systematic review will identify, appraise, and synthesize existing qualitative evidence regarding the experiences of pregnant people during a natural disaster to gain a deeper understanding of the complex factors influencing their experiences.

Introduction:

During natural disasters, pregnant people would benefit from health workers, including nurses, midwives, and other professionals, considering their needs and providing support to address complex factors, including family relationships, social support, and stress; however, little is known about the experiences of pregnant people during a natural disaster. This study is the first qualitative systematic review of the experiences of pregnant people during a disaster.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will include studies that focus on pregnant people's experiences of living in a disaster area during a natural disaster. It will include both published and unpublished qualitative studies, with data collected through interviews and observations, in either English or Japanese.

Methods:

The databases and other sources to be searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO (in English); and CiNii and Ichushi-Web (in Japanese). Further, we will cross-check the reference lists of included studies with search outcomes to identify any additional studies suitable for analysis. The search for gray literature will be conducted using Google Scholar and ProQuest. We will use the recommended JBI approach for study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42021265326
Funding systems for care needs of older adults in residential aged care facilities in the Asia-Pacific region: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Grady Ashley , Lim David , Liu Karen P.Y.
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The objective of this review is to explore the care needs as assessed by the public residential aged care funding systems of Asia-Pacific countries that use both taxation and means-tested user charge.

Introduction:

The Asia-Pacific region is at the forefront of population aging. There is increasing reliance on residential aged care facilities to provide formal care, but limited understanding of how care needs are assessed. Most countries have adopted taxation as the primary means to levy capital for funding essential health services; funding may be means-tested for equity.

Inclusion criteria:

The population of interest is older adults eligible for care in residential aged care facilities who receive assistance to fund their care. Sources that address the care needs of residents and the assessments relating to care needs, as well as funding systems (taxation, means-testing), will be considered for inclusion. This review will consider any quantitative study, qualitative study, mixed method study, or report from any country in the Asia-Pacific region.

Methods:

Databases to be searched include Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and the JBI Database for Evidence-based Practice. Additional records will be identified through the gray literature database Trove, reference lists of included studies, and relevant health organization websites. Sources published in English since 2008 will be eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full-texts for inclusion. Data will be extracted and findings summarized in tabular format and narrative synthesis. Any disagreements between the reviewers will be resolved through discussion or with the third reviewer.

Scoping review registration:

Open Science Framework; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/H9G7Q