bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments in Matching with Constraints
Authors: Kamada Yuichiro , Kojima Fuhito
Published: May 2017

In an earlier work (Kamada and Kojima 2015), we introduced “matching with constraints,” a two-sided matching problem in which the market is subject to feasibility constraints. That paper proposed and analyzed a possible solution to this problem and discussed various real-market applications of our results. The present paper reorganizes some of the findings from our more recent effort, based on Kamada and Kojima (2016a, b).
Stable and Strategy-Proof Matching with Flexible Allotments
Authors: Hatfield John William , Kominers Scott Duke , Westkamp Alexander
Published: May 2017

We introduce a framework of matching with flexible allotments that can be used to model firms with cross-division hiring restrictions. Our framework also allows us to nest some prior models of matching with distributional constraints. Building upon our recent work on observable substitutability, we show that multi-division choice functions with flexible allotments enable stable and strategy-proof matching; these results illustrate the value of clearly mapping when stable and strategy-proof matching is possible.
Retirement Contribution Rate Nudges and Plan Participation: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: Goldin Jacob , Homonoff Tatiana , Tucker-Ray Will
Published: May 2017

Simple interventions like changing the default or sending a short message can induce individuals to save more for retirement. However, messages that emphasize high savings rates may increase the amount that savings plan participants save while reducing the total number of plan participants. We study this possibility in the context of a field experiment designed to increase retirement savings by US military service-members. We find that service-members who received a message emphasizing a low contribution rate were more likely to participate in a savings plan than were service-members whose message emphasized a high contribution rate, or no rate at all.
Promoting Undergraduate Research in Economics
Authors: Hoyt Gail M. , McGoldrick KimMarie
Published: May 2017

This paper provides a snapshot of undergraduate research at top 30 liberal arts institutions and top 30 national universities (based on U.S. News and World Report rankings, 2017). This description provides a broader perspective than exists in the literature as we identify departmental motivations for providing undergraduate research opportunities despite the lack of mandates. We also document the extent to which a variety of forms of undergraduate research occur (programmatically and by student numbers). Also included are descriptions of innovative approaches to promoting undergraduate research in light of constraints and methods for creating a culture conducive to undergraduate research.
Do Job-to-Job Transitions Drive Wage Fluctuations Over the Business Cycle?
Authors: Karahan Fatih , Michaels Ryan , Pugsley Benjamin , Şahin Ayşegül , Schuh Rachel
Published: May 2017

We investigate the importance of job-to-job (JJ) transitions for cyclical wage dynamics. By exploiting cross-state variation, we find that wage growth is tightly linked to variation in the JJ transition probability, and conditional on this, the job finding probability of the unemployed has no explanatory power. We investigate the robustness of our results to several caveats and find the result to hold. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings for competing theories of wage dynamics.
Job-to-Job Flows and Earnings Growth
Authors: Hahn Joyce K. , Hyatt Henry R. , Janicki Hubert P. , Tibbets Stephen R.
Published: May 2017

The US workforce has had little change in real wages, income, or earnings since the year 2000. However, even when there is little change in the average rate at which workers are compensated, individual workers experienced a distribution of wage and earnings changes. In this paper, we demonstrate how earnings evolve in the US economy in the years 2001-2014 on a forthcoming dataset on earnings for stayers and transitioners from the U.S. Census Bureau's Job-to-Job Flows data product. We account for the roles of on-the-job earnings growth, job-to-job flows, and nonemployment in the growth of U.S. earnings.
The Relative Power of Employment-to-Employment Reallocation and Unemployment Exits in Predicting Wage Growth
Authors: Moscarini Giuseppe , Postel-Vinay Fabien
Published: May 2017

We study the cyclical comovement nominal wage growth (either monthly earnings or hourly wage rate) and labor market flows. We use microdata from the Survey of Income and Program Participation over 1996-2013 to purge composition effects in worker and job characteristics and to isolate the reallocative effect of Employer-to-Employer (EE) transitions. We find an “EE wage Phillips curve”: wage inflation comoves positively with EE as strongly as with the employment rate. This correlation holds for job stayers; we interpret the EE rate as a measure of labor demand. We find no analogous evidence for the job-finding rate from unemployment.
Who Will Fight? The All-Volunteer Army after 9/11
Authors: Carter Susan Payne , Smith Alexander A. , Wojtaszek Carl
Published: May 2017

Who fought the War on Terror? We find that as the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan progressed, there was an increase in the fraction of active-duty Army enlistees who were white or from high-income neighborhoods and that these two groups selected combat occupations more often. Among men, we find an increase in deployment and combat injuries for white and Hispanic soldiers relative to black soldiers and for soldiers from high-income neighborhoods relative to those from low-income neighborhoods. This finding suggests that an all-volunteer force does not compel a disproportionate number of non-white and low socio-economic men to fight America's wars.
Is American Health Care Uniquely Inefficient? Evidence from Prescription Drugs
Authors: Kyle Margaret , Williams Heidi
Published: May 2017

Alan Garber and Jonathan Skinner (2008) famously conjectured that the US health care system was “uniquely inefficient” relative to other countries. We test this idea using cross-country data on prescription drug sales newly linked with an arguably objective measure of relative therapeutic benefits, or drug quality. Specifically, we investigate how higher and lower quality drugs diffuse in the US relative to Australia, Canada, Switzerland, and the UK. Our tabulations suggest that lower quality drugs diffuse more in the US relative to high quality drugs compared to each of our four comparison countries--consistent with Garber and Skinner's conjecture.
Is American Pet Health Care (Also) Uniquely Inefficient?
Authors: Einav Liran , Finkelstein Amy , Gupta Atul
Published: May 2017

We document four similarities between American human healthcare and American pet care: (i) rapid growth in spending as a share of GDP over the last two decades; (ii) strong income-spending gradient; (iii) rapid growth in the employment of healthcare providers; and (iv) similar propensity for high spending at the end of life. We speculate about possible implications of these similar patterns in two sectors that share many common features but differ markedly in institutional features, such as the prevalence of insurance and of public sector involvement.
Groupy versus Non-Groupy Social Preferences: Personality, Region, and Political Party
Authors: Kranton Rachel E. , Sanders Seth G.
Published: May 2017

This paper replicates results that some people, when allocating income, are “groupy” and discriminate between in and out groups, but many show no such bias. The paper explores psychometric, demographic, and political correlates. In an M-Turk experiment, no “Big Five” personality trait relates to this individual difference. Gender, education, and political party are not predictive. Political independents, however, are more likely to be non-groupy, and participants in deindustrialized counties or Deep South Republicans are more likely to be groupy. The results indicate (i) psychological notions of personality do not capture this heterogeneity and (ii) groupiness might relate to political and social contestation.
Altruistic Capital
Authors: Ashraf Nava , Bandiera Oriana
Published: May 2017

To understand altruistic behavior, we must understand the process through which altruism develops and is shaped by the agents' own choices and exogenous factors. We introduce the concept of altruistic capital, which grows with effort devoted to altruistic acts and facilitates future altruism. We illustrate its potential use in the context of banking and conclude by showing that returns to altruistic effort shape the agent's choices and are shaped by external events such as the financial crisis.
Challenges in Constructing a Survey-Based Well-Being Index
Authors: Benjamin Daniel J. , Cooper Kristen B. , Heffetz Ori , Kimball Miles
Published: May 2017

How should a survey-based measure of well-being be implemented? How could it be constructed in a systematic and politically neutral way? These questions should be approached by economists with the same level of care that has been taken in the theoretical and practical development of GDP. We focus on two essential requirements for implementation: formulating a list of different aspects of well-being that is theoretically valid and can be measured accurately via surveys, and choosing and interpreting the survey response scales. We discuss progress to date on these issues, remaining challenges, and some possible approaches to overcoming them.
Mothers Care More, But Fathers Decide: Educating Parents about Child Health in Uganda
Authors: Nyqvist Martina Björkman , Jayachandran Seema
Published: May 2017

Research on intrahousehold decision-making generally finds that fathers have more bargaining power than mothers, but mothers put more weight on children's well-being. This suggests a tradeoff when targeting policies to improve child health: fathers have more power to change household behavior in ways that improve child health, but mothers might have a stronger desire to do so. This paper compares health classes in Uganda that enrolled either mothers or fathers. We find that educating mothers leads to greater adoption of health-promoting behaviors by the household. In addition, educating one parent leads to positive spillovers on the other spouse's health behaviors.
Traditional Beliefs and Learning about Maternal Risk in Zambia
Authors: Ashraf Nava , Field Erica , Rusconi Giuditta , Voena Alessandra , Ziparo Roberta
Published: May 2017

Maternal mortality remains very high in many parts of the developing world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. While maternal deaths are observable, it may not be straightforward for individuals to learn about risk factors. This paper utilizes novel data on male and female perceptions of maternal risk in Zambia to document that superstitions about causes of maternal mortality are pervasive and to uncover evidence that such beliefs impede learning about maternal health risk levels and correlates. In our data, people who hold traditional beliefs disregard past birth complications completely in assessing future risk, unlike those who hold modern beliefs.
Regression Discontinuity in Serial Dictatorship: Achievement Effects at Chicago's Exam Schools
Authors: AbdulkadIroğlu Atila , Angrist Joshua D. , Narita Yusuke , Pathak Parag A. , Zarate Roman A.
Published: May 2017

Many school and college admission systems use centralized mechanisms to allocate seats based on applicant preferences and school priorities. When tie-breaking uses non-randomly assigned criteria like distance or a test score, applicants with the same preferences and priorities are not directly comparable. The non-lottery setting does generate a kind of local random assignment that opens the door to regression discontinuity designs. This paper introduces a hybrid RD/propensity score empirical strategy that exploits quasi-experiments embedded in serial dictatorship, a mechanism widely used for college and selective K-12 school admissions. We use our approach to estimate achievement effects of Chicago's exam schools.
Specifying a Structural Matching Game of Trading Networks with Transferable Utility
Authors: Fox Jeremy T.
Published: May 2017

Structural estimation of matching games with transferable utility, including matching games of trading networks and many-to-many matching, is increasingly popular in empirical work. I explore several modeling decisions that need to be made when specifying a structural model for a matching game. One decision is the choice of a game theoretic solution concept to impose in the structural model. I discuss pairwise stability, competitive equilibrium, and noncooperative games such as auctions. Another decision is whether to work with a continuum of agents or a finite number of agents. I explore other issues as well.
What Can We Learn from Experiments? Understanding the Threats to the Scalability of Experimental Results
Authors: Al-Ubaydli Omar , List John A. , Suskind Dana L.
Published: May 2017

Policymakers often consider interventions at the scale of the population, or some other large scale. One of the sources of information about the potential effects of such interventions is experimental studies conducted at a significantly smaller scale. A common occurrence is for the treatment effects detected in these small-scale studies to diminish substantially in size when applied at the larger scale that is of interest to policymakers. This paper provides an overview of the main reasons for a breakdown in scalability. Understanding the principal mechanisms represents a first step toward formulating countermeasures that promote scalability.
What Have We Learned from Structural Models?
Authors: Blundell Richard
Published: May 2017

A structural economic model is one where the structure of decision making is incorporated in the model specification. Structural models aim to identify three distinct, but related, objects: (i) structural “deep” parameters; (ii) underlying mechanisms; (iii) policy counterfactuals. The ability to provide counterfactual predictions sets structural models apart from reduced-form models. The focus is on studies that allow a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying observed behavior and that provide reliable insights about policy counterfactuals. Emphasis is given to models that minimize assumptions on the structural function and on unobserved heterogeneity and approaches that align structural and “reduced form” moments.
Economic Research Evolves: Fields and Styles
Authors: Angrist Joshua , Azoulay Pierre , Ellison Glenn , Hill Ryan , Lu Susan Feng
Published: May 2017

We examine the evolution of economics research using a machine-learning-based classification of publications into fields and styles. The changing field distribution of publications would not seem to favor empirical papers. But economics' empirical shift is a within-field phenomenon; even fields that traditionally emphasize theory have gotten more empirical. Empirical work has also come to be more cited than theoretical work. The citation shift is sharpened when citations are weighted by journal importance. Regression analyses of citations per paper show empirical publications reaching citation parity with theoretical publications around 2000. Within fields and journals, however, empirical work is now cited more.
Replications in Development Economics
Authors: Sukhtankar Sandip
Published: May 2017

I examine replications of empirical papers in development economics published in the top-5 and next-5 general interest journals between the years 2000 through 2015. Of the 1,138 empirical papers, 71 papers (6.2 percent) were replicated in another published paper or working paper. The majority (77.5 percent) of replications involved reanalysis of the data using different econometric specifications to assess robustness. The strongest predictor of whether a paper is replicated or not is the paper's Google Scholar citation count, followed by year of publication. Papers based on randomized control trials (RCTs) appear to be replicated at a higher rate (12.5 percent).
Shopping While Female: Who Pays Higher Prices and Why?
Authors: Fitzpatrick Anne
Published: May 2017

I estimate gender price discrimination in the Ugandan antimalarial drug market with an audit study. To determine whether results are consistent with statistical or taste-based discrimination, I contrast gender results with results by ethnicity (tribe). Vendors initially offer women prices that are $0.12 (3 percent) higher. However, women are 16 percentage points more likely to successfully bargain for a discount, resulting in no differential in price paid. Results are stronger among majority-tribe females. I find no differences in drug quality. Both women and minorities report better service quality. Offer price differentials suggest statistical discrimination; there is no differential for prices paid.
haploR: an R package for querying web-based annotation tools
Authors: Zhbannikov Ilya Y. , Arbeev Konstantin , Ukraintseva Svetlana , Yashin Anatoliy I.
Published: May 2017

We developed haploR, an R package for querying web based genome annotation tools HaploReg and RegulomeDB. haploR gathers information in a data frame which is suitable for downstream bioinformatic analyses. This will facilitate post-genome wide association studies streamline analysis for rapid discovery and interpretation of genetic associations.
To derotate or not? The impact of a permanent derotation screw on the revision rate of dynamic hip screw fixation for intracapsular neck of femur fractures.
Authors: Woods Simon , Pilling Richard , Vidakovic Ivan , Al-Mothenna Alloush , Mayahi Reza
Published: May 2017

Background: In this retrospective study, we examine the impact that employing a permanent derotation screw (DRS) has on the rate of revision for 2-hole dynamic hip screws (DHS, a.k.a. sliding hip screws), used for internal fixation of intracapsular neck of femur (NOF) fractures. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to examine the impact of using a derotation screw on DHS revision rate.

Methods: We obtained a list of 64 patients suffering intracapsular NOF fracture treated with 2-hole DHS over a 5-year period, 28 of these were also treated with a DRS, forming our DRS group, 36 were not (non-DRS group). Fracture severity and patient demographics between the groups were compared to ensure homogeneity. The rate of revision to arthroplasty (total or hemi) of the two groups were compared.

Results: The mean age in the DRS group was 70.79 years, 1.77 years lower than the non-DRS group (p=0.570). The DRS group had a rate of revision of 14%, in comparison with 39% in the non-DRS group (p=0.0299), corresponding with a number needed to treat of 4.06 derotation screws to prevent a single failure.

Conclusions: In this study, employing a permanent derotation screw alongside a 2-hole DHS was associated with a significantly lower rate of revision to arthroplasty than using a 2-hole DHS alone. We would recommend this be further investigated with prospective randomized trials, to provide robust evidence and make clinical recommendations.
La doble naturaleza de la recuperación de activos por la Corte Penal Internacional: disuasión de la práctica delictiva y reparación de las víctimas
Authors: Pimenta De Souza Flavio , De Oliveira Machado Diogo
Published: May 2017

La recuperación de los activos relacionados con las prácticas de los crímenes contrala humanidad, crímenes de guerra y genocidio es una medida contenida en losinstrumentos constitutivos de la Corte Penal Internacional. La tendencia actual delas resoluciones de la CPI muestran la oportunidade de adoptar la confiscaciónde bienes como medida primaria para responder a los conflictos más graves. Laactuación sobre los activos permite detener el flujo de fondos para fines ilícitos,generando un impacto sobre las estructuras que patrocinan conflictos. Además, iniciativas de desarrollo social, económica y política pueden ser financiadas a través de los bienes recuperados.
Sumak Kawsay: Una cosmovisión desde el sur con sentido de justicia bio-social
Authors: García Macías Pascual G.
Published: May 2017

El presente artículo pretende exponer la importancia de la economía solidaria, con el propósito de analizar la crisis actual (manifestada por factores como el cambio climático, el agotamiento y el desgaste de los recursos naturales, así como la persistencia de brechas socio-económicas) y contribuir a la cimentación de una propuesta de desarrollo económico con justicia biosocial, como una corriente reciente de pensamiento crítico. Comenzamos con el análisis de los orígenes epistemológicos del desarrollo dentro de los postulados de Marx y Engels. A continuación, exploramos brevemente la relación entre capital y naturaleza a través de algunas propuestas post-desarrollistas, varias de ellas devenidas de los movimientos sociales indigenistas. Finalmente, proponemos el Sumak Kawsay como una propuesta de desarrollo para el hombre común.
A cognitive, Emotional and Behavioral Assessment of Colombian Entrepreneurs Attitudes Toward Corruption
Authors: Gil Angel Gustavo Adolfo , Saiz Alvarez Jose Manuel , Gamez Gutierrez Jorge Alberto
Published: May 2017

Este artículo presenta teorías que describen las características de emprendedores que establecieron negocios en Colombia, para ofrecer un acercamiento a la ética individual y de negocios con respecto a la corrupción, el tipo de delito más común en este país; un breve diagnóstico por la Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales de Colombia (dian); y sobre ética en la educación superior. Un cuestionario con escala Likert fue diseñado para medir actitudes con respecto a la corrupción en el sector privado. Siguiendo el modelo de White (2001) con respecto al balance y la proporción de ítems, el  uestionario representa componentes cognitivos, afectivos y comportamentales, operacionalizando variables mientras se realiza comprobación cruzada entre las categorías que definen la relación entre la corrupción y sus componentes emocionales, comportamental y cognitivo. Las categorías analizadas fueron: marketing, producción, actividades administrativas, legales y ambientales.Es posible afirmar que personas con menos educación formal muestran actitudes positivas con respecto a la corrupción y las tasas de aprobación disminuyen en la medida en que la educación formal se incrementa en los emprendedores, dado que rechazan actividades de corrupción y sus consecuencias. Se encontró que i) 54 de cada 100 emprendedores sin educación formal aprueban comportamientos corruptos, principalmente relacionados con el proceso de marketing en sus organizaciones; ii) 40 de 100 propietarios de negocios cuyos negocios han estado en operación entre 0 y 3 meses aprueban la corrupción en procesos de producción; iii) 30 de 100 propietarios de negocios con educación secundaria no diferencian entre acciones corruptas y comportamiento ético al implementar modelos administrativos en sus compañías; y iv) 35 de 100 propietarios de negocios no experimentan emociones negativas al cometer acciones delictivas o al violar reglas de negocios.
Competencias del emprendedor y su impacto en el desempeño organizacional
Authors: De la Garza Carranza María Teresa , Zavala Berbena María Alicia , López-Lemus Jorge Armando
Published: May 2017

Se estudiaron las competencias para administrar un negocio del emprendedor de pequeñas empresas, sus habilidades de negociación y su competencia intercultural en relación a los resultados del negocio. El estudio fue realizado en el área del bajío mexicano con una muestra de 140 pequeños empresarios. Se realizó un modelo a través de ecuaciones estructurales utilizando el programa AMOS. Los resultados muestran índices de un modelo aceptable tomando de acuerdo a Rigdon (1996). Se muestra una correlación positiva entre las variables estudiadas con lo cual se demuestra que sí existe una relación entre las competencias del administrador de pequeñas empresas y sus resultados
Configuración subjetiva del ejercicio de la dirección en directivos
Authors: Maceo Vargas Daymarelis , Montero Tamayo Diana Rosa
Published: May 2017

La configuración subjetiva del ejercicio de la dirección que poseen los directivos, tiene un papel primordial en la conformación de la subjetividad organizacional y puede llegar a legitimarse legalizándose con el paso del tiempo, por la cultura de la organización.Por esta razón el presente estudio, desarrollado con el objetivo de caracterizar la configuración subjetiva de esta actividad en directivos de la Gerencia ARTex, Sucursal Granma; aborda el tema desde la construcción de significados y sentidos por los sujetos investigados. Tal abordaje se llevó a cabo a partir de un estudio de casos múltiples y la utilización del método fenomenológico. Las técnicas empleadas (análisis de documentos, observación no participante y entrevista en profundidad) permitieron develar, en tres sesiones de trabajo, la expresión de los indicadores de la configuración subjetiva identificados.Entre los resultados más relevantes se encontró que la configuración subjetiva del ejercicio de la dirección en estos directivos tiene como núcleo sentidos de orientación ganancial y del deber, apoyado en una representación amplia de la actividad y de vivencias de valencia mayormente negativas; que denotan una dinámica regresiva en la regulación de su comportamiento.
The Informational Role of Corporate Hedging
Authors: Manconi Alberto , Massa Massimo , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2017

We study the informational role of corporate hedging, comparing two hypotheses. Under the “opacity” hypothesis, corporate hedging makes earnings less informative, renders the firm opaque, and increases informed traders’ profitability. Under the “transparency” hypothesis, hedging reduces uncertainty and erodes the informed traders’ information advantage and profitability. Our tests support the transparency hypothesis. Hedging is associated with lower uncertainty (lower implied volatility and analyst forecast dispersion, and greater breadth of ownership). It is also associated with a lower informed trading intensity, in particular for short selling. Short selling profits are more than twice lower on the stocks of firms engaging in corporate hedging.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2717 .

This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
The revalidation process for nurses working in care homes
Authors: Ridgwell Nicole
Published: May 2017

Last month, solicitor Laura Paton explored the importance of revalidation in the eyes of the Care Quality Commission. In this article, Nicole Ridgwell considers how the process of revalidation translates into the care home environment
How to … support residents to vote at the general election
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: May 2017

It was recently announced that the UK will have a ‘snap’ general election, to be held on 8 June 2017. In this article, Adrian Ashurst describes how to ensure that each resident's right to vote is respected and exercised on polling day
Is the end of GP shortages in sight?
Authors: Ainsworth Steve
Published: May 2017

At long last, the number of student places at medical schools is to be increased. But oh how slowly the wheels turn – and it will be some years before the impact of recent announcements feeds its way into general practice
Regenerate bone fracture rate following femoral lengthening in paediatric patients
Authors: Burke N. G. , Cassar-Gheiti A. J. , Tan J. , McHugh G. , O'Neil B. J. , Noonan M. , Moore D.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Femoral lengthening using a circular or mono-lateral frame is a commonly used technique. Fracture at the site of the regenerate bone is a major concern especially following removal of the external fixator. This aim of this study was to assess the rate of fracture of the regenerate bone in this single surgeon series of paediatric patients and determine potential risk factors.

Methods

Retrospective review of all the femoral lengthening performed by the senior author was performed. The medical and physiotherapy notes were reviewed. The gender, age at time of surgery, disease aetiology, total days in the external fixator and length of the new regenerate bone were recorded. Patients who sustained a regenerate fracture were identified.

Results

A total of 176 femoral lengthening procedures were performed on 108 patients. Eight regenerate fractures occurred in seven patients (4.5%). The mechanism of injury was a fall in five cases and during physiotherapy in three cases. The regenerate fracture occurred a median number of nine days following removal of frame. There was no significant difference between gender, age at time of surgery, total time in external fixator between those who sustained a regenerate fracture and those patients who did not. A significant difference was noted between the amount of lengthening between the ‘regenerate fracture group’ and the ‘no fracture group’ (50 mm vs 38 mm, respectively; p = 0.029). There was no association between disease aetiology and risk of regenerate fracture.

Conclusions

Femoral lengthening of more than 50 mm increases the risk of a fracture at the regenerate site regardless of the disease aetiology. We recommend avoidance of aggressive physiotherapy for the initial four weeks following external fixator removal.
APPLICATION OF THE TOOLS OF PRODUCTION ENGINEERING FOR THE REDUCTION OF DEAD TIME IN AN ASSEMBLY LINE
Authors: Mello Mario Fernando , Fassini Gabriel Mino
Published: May 2017

Abstract: The constant changes in the agricultural equipment market have brought many challenges to the productive sectors inside the organizations. Once the market is increasingly competitive, the industries lack of efficient working methods and companies seek intensely to adapt themselves to a methodology to assist in the standardization of production processes. The main objective of this work is the application of some tools of Production Engineering to improve the operating times in an assembly sector of a metal mechanical industry. The focus is to establish and to define the guidelines of the used methodology, the so-called ‘Just in time’, to seek the reduction of dead time in the process of the assembly line according to the reality of the companies. Change processes are very conditioned to the environment, the culture of who receives them and leads them. Thus, this project also aims to aid in the maturation of the staff in this cultural aspect, seeking the development of operators in a new operating process.
The Knowledge Management in Business Strategies and Reverse Logistics
Authors: Muniz Jr Jorge , Cunha Julio Cicero , Almeida Reinaldo , Marins Fernando Augusto Silva
Published: May 2017

Environmental issues have changed the behavior of society and, consequently, the business environment. This has narrow approach with Knowledge Management techniques (KM) to promote their processes. However, despite the increase in research in this field, there is still lack of further study in the KM interface and the business environment, as suggested by several researchers. This work, in particular, seeks to identify the main gaps in the literature involving KM and Reverse Logistics (LR), and propose relevant studies and hitherto insufficiently treated in the literature. For this 8.682 references were analyzed and these only 37 deal with such interface. So this paper proposes 6 topics to be researched.
PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT OF GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND GAPS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
Authors: Cazeri Gustavo Tietz , Anholon Rosley , Ordoñez Robert Eduardo Cooper , Novaski Olívio
Published: May 2017

Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has been receiving increased attention because of the urgent need of organizations to address sustainability issues as a condition for their competitiveness, and the issue of how performance should be measured becomes crucial. This paper performs a literature review on an academic basis in order to identify the main subjects and sustainable dimensions of research studies involving the performance measurement of GSCM and the gaps for further research. Sixty three percent of the analyzed papers are associated with framework, mathematical modelling, empirical research and application, and the principal gaps to be explored are the metrics, measures and integration of the GSCM with existing quality methods. Almost all of these subjects are discussed in an economic and environmental dimension, remaining the social dimension a relevant gap to be explored. Based on this scenario, this paper intends to make a contribution to the academia and professionals of the area.
Varying reasons of young learners’ problem behaviours according to novice ELT teachers
Authors: Tunaz Mehmet
Published: May 2017

This research is conducted to examine novice ELT teachers’ perspective on the possible motives behind young learners’ problem behaviours in English classes. The gender of ELT teachers have been also considered in order to investigate whether there is a difference between the perception of male and female teachers on the leading causes of problem behaviours in classroom. The adapted version of the questionnaire developed by Miller, Ferguson & Byrne (2000) were conducted with 15 male and 15 female novice teachers in their first year in teaching profession. The result of the study indicated that both male and female novice teachers have similar ideas about the causes of misbehaviour except for one point: (1) teachers’ rewards and punishments. Female teachers stated that teachers’ rewards and punishment might be the main motive for problem behaviours whereas male teachers disregard this factor as a crucial cause of misbehaviour. As for the other three factors, all the teachers agreed that (2) “adult behaviour” and (3) “curriculum demands on children” might increase the frequency of misbehaviour among young learners in English classes. (4) “Personality of the learner”, however, was found to be the most important reason behind problem behaviours. As the results revealed, most of the factors were explained similarly by both male and female teachers except for teachers’ rewards and punishments, a finding which shows that gender has little (if any) effect on novice teachers’ attribution for learner misbehaviour in EFL classes.
APLIKASI FITOREMEDIASI LIMBAH JAMU DAN PEMANFAATANNYA UNTUK PRODUKSI PROTEIN
Authors: Hadiyanto H , Christwardana M
Published: May 2017

ABSTRAK Industri jamu di Indonesia berkembang dengan pesat. Meningkatnya jumlah industri jamu berpengaruh terhadap kenaikan limbah yang dihasilkan, yang biasanya secara normal diproses dalam bak anaerobik menggunakan proses kimia dan biologi. Namun proses tersebut tidak ekonomis dan karena itu metode alternatif menggunakan sumber alami sangat dibutuhkan. Fitoremediasi adalah metode yang ramah lingkungan untuk mengurangi kontaminan menggunakan tanaman. Metode ini menggunakan tanaman air untuk menurunkan kadar COD dan nutrien yang terkandung dalam limbah jamu. Selama limbah mempunyai kandungan nutrien yang tinggi, sangat potensial untuk dijadikan media pertumbuhan alga Spirulina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan variasi jenis tanaman (eceng gondok dan teratai) pada penurunan kontaminan dan mencari komposisi nutrien yang optimal dari media pertumbuhan mikroalga. Fitoremediasi dilakukan 3-8 hari dan tinggi dari cairan pada reaktor dijaga konstant 5 cm. Efluen dari fitoremediasi kemudian digunakan untuk kultivasi Spirulina denga waktu kultivasi 15 hari. Nutrien eksternal ditambahkan setiap 2 hari dan konsentrasi biomass diukur dengan optical density-nya. Spirulina tumbuh dengan baik pada limbah jamu yang telah difitoremediasi menggunakan teratai selama 3 hari dan mempunyai rasio CNP sekitar 57,790 : 9,281 : 1 dengan laju pertumbuhan 0,271/hari. Kata Kunci: Fitoremediasi, tanaman air, Spirulina, limbah jamu, biomassa ABSTRACT Herbal medicine industry in Indonesia is progressing very rapidly. Increasing number of herbal medicine industries lead to an increase of the waste which are normally processed in anaerobic ponds by using chemical and biological process. However this process are not economical feasible and therefore an alternative method by using natural resource is required. Phytoremediation is an environmental friendly method to reduce contaminant using plant. This method uses water plant to reduce COD and nutrients content in the waste. Since the waste still high content of nutrient, therefore it is potential for medium growth of algae Spirulina. This study was aimed to evaluate the use of various plant species (water hyacinth and lotus) in decreasing contaminant and to determine optimal nutrient composition of the microalgae growth media. The phytoremediation was performed in 3-8 days and height of liquid in the tank was maintained constant at 5 cm. The effluent of first phytoremediation was transferred to second stage for cultivation of Spirulina with 15 days of cultivation time. The external nutrients were added each 2 days and the concentration of biomass was measured for its optical density. Spirulina grow well in herbal medicine waste that has been phytoremediation with lotus for 3 days and had a CNP ratio amounted to 57.790 : 9.281 : 1 with a growth rate of 0.271/day. Keywords: Phytoremediation, water plants, Spirulina, herbal medicine waste, biomass
TEKNIK BIOREMEDIASI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF DALAM UPAYA PENGENDALIAN PENCEMARAN AIR
Authors: Priadie Bambang
Published: May 2017

ABSTRAK Walaupun  telah diberlakukan berbagai macam kebijakan dan peraturan terkait dengan pengendalian pencemaran air,  namun penurunan kualitas badan air  masih terus berlangsung. Hal ini disebabkan karena lemahnya pengawasan dan penegakan hukum maupun teknologi pengendalian pencemaran air yang  berbasis pembubuhan bahan kimia masih belum bisa memenuhi kriteria yang diberlakukan.  Tulisan ini menguraikan proses bioremediasi  sebagai alternatif dalam upaya  pengendalian pencemaran air, meliputi: isolasi, pengujian  degradasi zat pencemar,  dan perbanyakan bakteri.  Hasil isolasi dan identifikasi yang berasal dari “bakteri indigenous”  didapatkan: Microccocus, Corynebacterium, Phenylo- bacterium, Enhydro- bacter, Morrococcus, Flavobacterium, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, dan Pseudomona, yang dapat mendegradasi logam Pb, nitrat, nitrit, bahan organik, sulfida, kekeruhan, dan amonia. Sedangkan dari   bakteri “commercial product”   didapatkan jenis: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, serta enzym Amylase, Protease, Lipase, Esterase, Urease, Cellulase, dapat mendegradasi pencemar organik, nitrogen, fosfat, maupun kontrol pertumbuhan alga. Perbanyakan bakteri dari isolat bakteri indigenous dapat dikerjakan di laboratorium sedangkan bakteri “commercial product”  bisa didapatkan di pasaran umum. Kata Kunci : bioremediasi, isolasi, pengujian,   identifikasi,  perbanyakan bakteri ABSTRACT Although  various policies and regulations related to water pollution control has been enacted,  decreasing of  water quality in water bodies are still ongoing. This is due to  the weakness of  monitoring and enforcement practices, as well as  pollution control technologies  in water-based chemicals, can not  achieve the affixing  standard. This paper aims to examine the process of bioremediation technologies, include:  isolation, degradation test, identification,  and bacterial multiplication. Isolation and identification results of “indigenous bacteria” includes: Microccocus, Corynebacterium, Phenylo-bacterium,-bacter Enhydro, Morrococcus, Flavobacterium, Bacillus,    Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas, which can degrade the metals Pb, nitrate, nitrite, organic matter, sulfide, turbidity, and ammonia. Where as the bacteria  "commercial product" includes: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, and the enzymes amylase, protease, lipase, esterase, Urease, Cellulase, may  degrade organic pollutants, nitrogen, phosphate, or control algae growth. Multiplication of bacteria from the indigenous bacterial isolates can be done in the laboratory while the commercial bacterial product can be found in the general market. Keywords: bioremediation, isolation,  bacterial testing,   identification,  bacterial multiplication
DAMPAK PELAKSANAAN PERLINDUNGAN LINGKUNGAN MELALUI SERTIFIKASI FAIR TRADE (Studi Kasus: Petani Kopi Anggota Koperasi Permata Gayo, Kabupaten Bener Meriah, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam)
Authors: Chairawaty Fahnia
Published: May 2017

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi dampak dari pelaksanaan perlindungan lingkungan yang dilakukan oleh para petani kopi anggota Koperasi Permata Gayo (KPG), setelah mereka mendapatkan sertifikasi fair trade (FT). Perlindungan lingkungan sendiri adalah salah satu kewajiban utama yang harus dilakukan oleh para petani kopi yang telah bergabung dalam FT. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori pembangunan berkelanjutan yang juga merupakan prinsip dasar dari FT. Untuk itu dampak dari perlindungan lingkungan dalam penelitian ini akan dikaji berdasarkan aspek ekonomi, sosial dan lingkungan, yang juga merupakan aspek-aspek pendukung dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan. Pembahasan dalam penelitian ini akan ditekankan pada pelaksanaan perlindungan yang telah dilakukan oleh para petani KPG, isu-isu terkait lingkungan yang dihadapi oleh petani, serta dampak dari perlindungan sendiri yang dirasakan oleh para petani kopi KPG. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode survei berupa wawancara mendalam, snowball dan observasi, serta dengan metode studi literatur. Hasil dari penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa dampak dari perlindungan lingkungan yang dirasakan oleh petani kopi KPG cenderung lebih besar dirasakan pada dampak ekonomi, yaitu berkurangnya biaya pembelian input kimia Kata kunci : Petani kopi, Perlindungan Lingkungan, Sertifikasi Dagang, Pengaruh, Pembangunan berkelanjutan. ABSTRACT The aims of this research was to analized and identified about the impacts of environmental protection that implemented by coffee farmers, members of Koperasi Permata Gayo (KPG), after they get Fair Trade (FT) certification. Protection of the environment itself is one of the primary obligation that must be carried out by the coffee farmers who have joined the FT. This study uses the theory of sustainable development which is also the basic principles of the FT. For the impact of environmental protection in this study will be assessed based on the economic, social and environmental aspect, both aspects become the supporting aspects in sustainable development. This research will focussing on the implementation of environmental protection that have been carried out by the KPG farmers, environment related issues faced by the farmers, and the impact of  environmental protection that perceived by coffee farmers, members of KPG. The approach in this research is a qualitative approach, with a survey method using in-depth interviews, snowball techniques, observation techniques, and also used literature study method. The results of this study concluded that the impact of perceived environmental protection by KPG coffee growers tend to be larger on economic impact, which reduce the cost of purchasing chemical inputs. Keywords: Coffee Farmers, Environmental Protection, Fair Trade Sertification, Impact, Sustainable Development
STUDI KARAKTERISTIK BIOPOLIMER GRACILARIA VERRUCOSA SEBAGAI BAHAN PENJERAP
Authors: Ariyanti Dessy , Nurcahyani Intan
Published: May 2017

ABSTRAK Keberadaan logam berat Cu dalam limbah industri dapat berakibat buruk bagi lingkungan. Gracilaria verrucosa ditujukan sebagai bahan alternatif yang ramah lingkungan pengganti polimer sintetis untuk proses biosorpsi logam berat Cu. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari karakteristik kemampuan penjerapan dari biopolimer Gracilaria verrucosa terhadap logam berat Cu. Pada proses biosorpsi Cu2+ kapasitas biosorpsi maksimum sekitar 38.34 mg/gr. Kapasitas biosorpsi dicapai pada t=15 menit dan pH larutan= 4. Data kesetimbangan proses biosorpsi ini dapat dimodelkan dengan persamaan Langmuir. Keberadaan NH4+ dalam larutan tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap proses biosorpsi logam berat Cu. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa biopolimer Gracilaria verrucosa memiliki potensi sebagai bahan alternatif dalam proses pemisahan trace element dengan kapasitas biosorpsi yang tinggi. Kata kunci : Gracilaria verrucosa, alga merah, biosorpsi  logam berat ABSTRACT The presence of heavy metals such as Cu in industrial wastewater can lead to the environment contamination. The algae Gracilaria verrucosa is intended to be the environmentally friendly polymer used in biosorption process of heavy metals Cu. In this research, the characteristics and adsorption ability of biopolymers Gracilaria verrucosa against heavy metals Cu was studied respectively. Results shown that the maximum biosorption capacity of Gracilaria verrucosa in adsorbing Cu2+ was 38.34 mg/gr at t = 15 min and pH = 4. Equilibrium data of biosorption process can be modeled by Langmuir equation. The presence of NH4 + in solution does not significantly affected the biosorption process of heavy metals Cu. It can be concluded that biopolymer Gracilaria verrucosa has potential as an alternative material with high biosorption capacity in removing trace elements. Keywords: Gracilaria verrucosa, red algae, heavy metals biosorption
ANALISIS PENAATAN PEMRAKARSA KEGIATAN BIDANG KESEHATAN DI KOTA MAGELANG TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN DAN PEMANTAUAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Authors: Goesty Prathika Andini , Samekto Adji , Sasongko Dwi P
Published: May 2017

ABSTRAK Salah satu instrumen untuk mengelola dampak lingkungan adalah UKL-UPL, namun pemrakarsa belum sepenuhnya melakukan pengelolaan dan pemantauan lingkungan, tercermin dari data yang dimiliki Kantor Lingkungan Hidup Kota Magelang bahwa jumlah pelaporan rutin pemrakarsa sebesar 0%.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketaatan  serta kendala pemrakarsa dalam mengimplementasikan UKL-UPL serta pengawasan oleh Kantor Lingkungan Hidup Kota Magelang. Objek penelitian adalah 6 kegiatan di bidang kesehatan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode observasi dengan pendekatan analisis bersifat preskriptif berbasis data kualitatif.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemrakarsa belum taat, dikarenakan :  1) Belum menyadari bahwa lingkungan hidup adalah kepentingan publik yang tidak boleh dirusak, 2) SDM dan sarana kurang memadai, 3) Anggaran besar.  Pengawasan yang dilakukan Kantor Lingkungan Hidup Kota Magelang belum berjalan sebagaimana diharapkan.  Pengawasan dan koordinasi yang ada selama ini bersifat reaktif. Kata kunci: UKL-UPL bidang kesehatan, analisis penaatan, pengelolaan dan pemantauan lingkungan ABSTRACT Environmental Management and Monitoring Effort (UKL-UPL) is one of important instruments for maintaining environmental impact management. however, the effort has not been properly implemented in Magelang territory, according to data reported by the Municipal Office of Environmental Affairs of Magelang. It is disappointing that the local initiators did not give any routine report concerning the implementation progress. This study aimed to analyze degree of compliance and problems faced by the environmental initiators in implementing the UKL-UPL as well as monitoring by the Municipal Office of Environmental Affairs of Magelang. The study was obtained by an observation method using a prescriptive analytical approach based on qualitative data. Result of the study showed that the initiators’ lacking degree of compliance had caused poor quality of the environmental management and monitoring. Problems that faced the initiators included 1) poor awareness of the importance of preserving and sustaining the environment for common good, 2) poor quality of human resource and facilities, and 3) lacking budget. The Municipal Office of Environmental Affairs of Magelang had not performed monitoring properly. Both monitoring and co-ordination were still reactionary whenever a problem arose. Keywords: UKL-UPL based environmental health, analysis of compliance, management and monitoring