bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurship as a special type of agricultural activity
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Vlasyuk S.A. , Rolinskyi O.V. , Tsymbalyuk Yu.A.
Published: January 2021

Today, in Ukraine and, of course, all over the world, the agricultural sector is an important component of the economy. As an agrarian country with huge natural resources, the agricultural sector in Ukraine is a potential branch of entrepreneurship that needs to be developed. Systematic review of the scientific sources of existing researches in the field of agriculture taking into account the current challenges concerning researches contextualizing on the nature of entrepreneurship and focusing on its role in the agricultural sector is important. The purpose of this article is to substantiate theoretically the essence, organizational-and-legal forms and other basic aspects of the functioning of business structures in the agricultural sector. It was found that entrepreneurial activity in Ukraine takes place in the context of reform and in constant conditions of complication of agricultural production, domestic economic environment and against the background of increasing globalization of the world economy. Intensive development of economic processes in the agricultural sector determined the objective need to adapt entrepreneurial activity to new business conditions due to the limited resource potential of each business entity. It was found that agriculture is a main factor in resource conservation, self-sufficiency, development of rural territories, social and cultural guarantees. However, there are problems that limit its development, such as employment mismatch, lack of effective entrepreneurial orientation and productive investment in the agricultural sector, inefficient credit policy, technological backwardness and underdeveloped infrastructure, imperfect support system, vulnerability of a significant part of the main beneficiaries in agriculture, inability of business structures in the agricultural sector to constructive competition in regional and international markets because of the lack of proper legal framework, etc. It was offered to consider the business structure as an organization that has specific features that allow forming alternative views on the future and combines several aspects of entrepreneurship and a flexible, mobile structure, specific decision-making mechanisms. Creating a business structure in the agricultural sector requires a balanced decision, because the relevant knowledge, innovative ideas, financial support, use of new technologies that are necessary for competitiveness at a global level play an important role in its further activities. Further development of entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector requires the formation of a favorable business environment, effective government support, development of financial support system, improvement of crediting regimes, implementation of regional programs, development and realization of measures for information, consulting and staffing support, infrastructure development, etc.
The current state of the agricultural insurance market of Ukraine
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Rolinsky A.V. , Ulianych Y.V. , Ptashnyk S.A.
Published: January 2021

Ukraine occupies a leading position in the world in the production and export of agricultural products. At the present stage of development of the agricultural sector, the most important task is its further development, because the country has significant potential to increase and improve the quality of production. Agricultural production is one of the important, specific and at the same time the most risky areas of human activity. Specific features of the agricultural market: high cost of facilities due to the large area of land, increased risk of production, cumulative losses due to natural disasters and progressive climate change, he duration of the production cycle, affects the profitability of farmers, necessitate the use of one of the most important tools for minimizing risks — insurance and, if necessary, further diversification of risks through reinsurance. The article considers the main indicators of agricultural insurance: in terms of insurance companies, in terms of regions, in terms of agricultural crops. The amount of insurance payments in terms of insurance companies and agricultural crops is analyzed. Trends in animal insurance are presented. The agricultural insurance market in Ukraine is developing slowly, but in recent years still shows a positive upward trend. For a country with a huge potential of the agricultural sector of the economy, the saturation of the agricultural insurance market with insurance services and the actual volume of agricultural risk insurance, undoubtedly, are insufficient. Now agricultural insurance in Ukraine is actively developing. However, despite the positive dynamics, the current state of agricultural insurance in Ukraine does not meet its main task - to manage risks in the agricultural sector to ensure its stable operation and sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy. The current system of agrarian risk insurance in Ukraine, including the provision of state support to the agricultural sector, requires improvement and should be aimed at ensuring adequate protection of the interests of agricultural producers and food security, stabilizing production and income in the agricultural sector and encouraging the best technology agricultural production
Risk management in export-oriented supply chains of agrifood commodities
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Shkolnyi O. O. , Novak I. M.
Published: January 2021

The increase in agriexport volume is largely determined by the potential of the domestic market, technological development of agricultural production and processing industries, infrastructure, including logistics support. The development of global agrifood supply chains has been influenced by the interests the agricultural market players, from primary agricultural producers to consumers in marketing niches. The presence of risks drivers at the level of agricultural producers, processing enterprises and other participants in agri-food supply chains necessitates the formation of competitive positioning strategies. Ukraine relies on imports of milk and dairy products, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, berries and grapes, which can be grown by domestic producers. Such commodities are subjects to the agricultural bargaining in many developed economies. Cooperation between government agencies and associations of agricultural producers helps to reduce the level of uncertainty and risk under the destructive effects of global economic forces. The role of the government in the formation of risk management mechanisms in agribusiness is more noticeable than in other areas, which is reflected by the impact on subsidization mechanism, taxation, the formation of marketing channels of produce movement, leveling the influence of market power of retailers. It is not justified to increase the volume of exports of products that could be used as feed by the domestic farmers. Increasing exports of raw materials does not always contribute to a positive image of the country in the world markets. As an example the supply of organic soybeans to the US market was illustrated. The impact of risks on participants in agrifood supply chains necessitates the involvement of innovative technologies, financial instruments, regulatory government programs, as well as best management practices.
Financial security of local self-government in the conditions of financial decentralization in Ukraine
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Ptashnyk S. , Ulyanych Y. , Rolinsky O.
Published: January 2021

In order to identify the impact of changes that have been introduced as a result of decentralization, a study was conducted on the effectiveness of the formation of the revenue side of local budgets in the period before and after the beginning of local government reform. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of changes in the definition of revenues and expenditures of local budgets, the level of the ratio of expenditures made from the local budget to tax revenues has been established. There was a significant increase in the values of the indicator, which means a decrease in the level of tax capacity of local budgets. In the context of the analysis of changes in the composition and structure of local budget revenues, an increase in the differentiation of revenues to general and special funds almost doubled in the period after the changes to the budget and tax legislation. This is evidence of the growing social orientation of budgetary resources and the lack of their focus on economic development of administrative-territorial units of lower levels. The role of basic taxes in ensuring the capacity of territorial communities is determined. The transition to the use of subventions as transfers to local budgets has been noted, which indicates a decrease in the possibility for local governments to independently resolve the issue of directing funds from the provided transfers to the relevant areas. The expediency of determining the relationship of such factors as the number of inhabitants of the community and the level of its financial capacity in connection with the creation at the first stage of formation of united territorial communities as administrative-territorial units with up to 2 thousand people, and and communities with a population of 20 thousand people. As a result, communities with larger populations were found to have greater financial potential. The most effective is the formation of communities with a number of 10-25 thousand people. The reason for the formation of patterns between the number of inhabitants and financial capacity is determined, first, the presence of greater opportunities for business development, the availability of labor resources and the market for products; second, greater potential for sustainable development and infrastructure maintenance and development opportunities in large communities.
Theoretical and methodological fundamentals of the investment climate in the field of horticulture
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Dyachenko N. I. , Dlugoborska L.V.
Published: January 2021

Overcoming negative trends and ensuring the constant development of the industry requires solving the main tasks of improving the system of economic and legal support, harmonizing it with international standards, enhancing investment policy by expanding access of producers of fruit and berry products to resources on preferential terms; improving the mechanism for regulating the market of fruits and berries, providing conditions for the formation and development of its infrastructure; introduction of innovative technologies for the production, storage and processing of fruits and berries, scientific support of the industry. Since the horticulture industry found itself in a crisis, a number of organizational and economic reforms must be carried out to overcome it. First of all, this is the introduction of effective resource-saving growing technologies. In addition, it is necessary to be guided by an innovative development strategy, the essence of which is to accelerate the transition to new intensive production technologies and closer cooperation with scientific institutions. At the same time, it is necessary to strive for further saturation of the domestic food market with competitive fruit and berry products, in order to fully meet the needs of the population in them in accordance with physiological norms in the future. Therefore, solving the issues of investing in industrial horticulture will contribute to market conditions. In this regard, domestic producers will have the prospect of increasing the production of fruit and berry products and replacing that part of the market that was imported. This requires a systematic approach to the formation of permanent sources of investment, attracting foreign and Ukrainian investors; regulation of industry development; concentration of financial, material and technical and other resources, production and scientific and technical potential for solving the main problems of the fruit and berry industry.
The problem of inequality in access to quality health care and ways to resolve it
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Kostyuk W.S.
Published: January 2021

In the modern world, with the general growth of GDP and GDP per capita, socio-economic inequality is growing, primarily in access to modern social benefits, one of which is health care. The realization of the human right to quality medical services determines the direction of the state policy in Ukraine on reforming the current health care system and creating an effective national model. An important condition for improving public health is equal access for all citizens to quality health care, regardless of solvency. The problem of social inequality requires a comprehensive understanding, especially in terms of economics, which captures clear quantitative methods of the real state of property stratification and assesses the probability of its further dynamics. Recent studies show that only about 50 % of the population rated their health as good, about 10 % as poor, with 81 % seeking medical attention in the last 12 months. Similar indicators of the EU countries are an order of magnitude better — almost 70 % of the population assess their health as good and 8 % as bad. Ireland can serve as a model with 84 % and 3.5 % respectively. One of the reasons for the low assessment of their health by the population of Ukraine is the low level of availability of medical care, the ability to purchase medicines and medical supplies depending on the place of residence. Among all the reasons for the inability to receive medical care, buy medicines and medical supplies, more than 90 % of respondents say the cost of treatment or medical services is too high. To eliminate inequalities in access to quality health care and create a health care system that meets the needs of the population, medical reform is needed, the main focus of which should be on creating a new model of health care in Ukraine. Health care reform in Ukraine is impossible without setting priorities. Based on the experience of the British health system, taking into account the experience of other developed countries, as well as its own, the following priorities can be identified: the introduction of a mechanism for paying for medical services on the principle of "money follows the patient", access to medicines and public health.
Deviant actions of taxpayers through the prism of behavioral finance
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Barabash L. V.
Published: January 2021

In the modern world, taxes are the most important source of government funding. However, the efficiency of taxation directly depends on the level of tax payments and, accordingly, on the behavior of tax payers. Legislation forms a clear concept of the taxpayer and the specifics of his behavior, which is called tax culture. However, very often payers violate the designated conditions, thereby demonstrating deviant behavior. The latter should be understood to mean the individual's tendency to irrationality, which includes tax evasion that is contrary to the law. The study of the irrational behavior of individuals, conducted by D. Kahneman and A. Tversky, formed the basis of the theory of prospects, which designates the moments that influence the adoption of deviant decisions. Within the framework of the theory, four key components were identified: reliance on comparison, avoidance of losses, non-linear weighting of probability, and a downtrend in sensitivity to income and expenses. In the tax sphere of Ukraine, there are four types of tax evasion: tax evasion itself, tax optimization, tax minimization, tax planning. However, the factors provoking their appearance are the same. Combined into nine groups, they cover the time component, socio-economic, regulatory, socio-psychological, organizational, opportunistic, technical, moral-psychological and behavioral. Among the behavioral factors that directly affect the formation of deviant behavior in taxpayers, it should be noted the halo effect, the advantage of overconfidence over doubt, the law of small numbers, forecasting based on representativeness and avoiding losses. Each of the stated factors contributes to a false idea of the taxpayer about his own abilities and the depth of economic knowledge, creates the illusion of a minimal probability of an unfavorable outcome and is supported by the fear of losses.
CONSTITUTIONALIZING ROLE OF TERMS OF SERVICE OF SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS AND PROPOSED SOCIAL MEDIA USER BILLS OF RIGHTS
Authors: Nino Shengelia
Published: January 2021

Multiple challenges and risks to democratic values and fundamental human rights emerge from the constitutulization processes of social media platforms. This article submits that more consideration has to be put on how private governance of social media platforms should be transparent, consensual, relatively stable in its application and how it should be enforced fairly. The values presented by the rule of law as well as traditional democratic principles of a sovereign state should inform the debate around contested relationship between the users and social media platforms. Digital constitutionalism is a concept that explains waves of constitutional counteractions as a result of a fast pace development of digital technologies. Digital constitutionalism is regarded as the idea that considers the constitutionalism of the digital society. This article focuses on examining constitutional tone of existing terms of service of a world leading social media platform Facebook and reviews potential value that digital Bills of Rights, intiated by various non-governmental organizations and individuals, may hold in shaping  human rights’ compliant governance framework for social media platforms in the years to come. From the terms of service and bills of rights, it is based to show that Facebook is ready to show a peculiar configuration. At present, social media bills of rights and terms of service play the constitutionalizing roles.  Nevertheless, it is not the aim of the current author to exhaust the topic, but rather to provide potential answers to the matters examined.
ВИВЧЕННЯ СТИЛЬОВИХ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ ТВОРУ З ДОПОМОГОЮ ОБРАЗІВ ПРИРОДНИХ СТИХІЙ НА УРОКАХ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ У 10-11 КЛАСАХ
Authors: Orishchenko Іnna
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена проблеме изучения стилевых особенностей литературных произведений с помощью изображений природных стихий на уроках украинской литературы в 19-11 классах. В статье представлен новый метод изучения стилевых особенностей. Автор статьи определяет цель и основные методологические принципы исследования. Цель исследования - создать теоретико-методологическую систему, которая позволит исследовать основные стилистические характеристики произведения с помощью изображений воды, огня, воздуха и земли. Основная цель исследования - проанализировать характер связей между изображениями природных элементов и стилистическими особенностями литературного произведения и разработать методологическую систему, которая позволила бы эффективно исследовать разные уровни произведения искусства. Изображения природных элементов играют жизненно важную роль в изучении литературных произведений разных уровней. Предыдущие исследования указывают на незначительную роль изображений воды, огня, воздуха и земли в раскрытии стилистических особенностей художественного текста. Однако, насколько известно автору, в литературе имеется очень мало публикаций, посвященных проблеме изучения стилевых особенностей литературных произведений с помощью изображений природных стихий. Остальная часть статьи состоит из трех разделов. В разделе I описывается теоретический уровень изучения стилистических особенностей произведения через изображения природных элементов. В разделе II анализируются особенности восприятия учащимися образов природных элементов при первоначальном чтении произведения. Практические результаты представлены в разделе III.
PREDICTING TRUST IN A SOCIAL NETWORK BASED ON STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES USING A MULTI-LAYERED PERCEPTRON NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Danesh Amir Hossein , Shirgahi Hossein
Published: January 2021

Although research on social networks is progressing rapidly, the positive and negative effects of this area should be evaluated. One of the problems is that social networks are very broad and anyone can have influence on them. This matter can cause the issue of people with different beliefs. Therefore, determining the amount of trust to various resources on social networks, and especially resources for which there is no previous history on the web, is one of the main challenges in this field. In this paper, we present a method for predicting trust in a social network by structural similarities through the neural network. In this method, the web of trust data set is converted to a structural similarity data set based on the similarity of the trustors and trustees first. Then, on the created data set, a part of the data set is considered as the training data and it is trained based on the multilayer perceptron neural network and then the trained neural network is tested based on the test data. In the proposed method, the MSE value is less than 0.01, which has improved more than 0.02 compared to previous methods. Based on the obtained results, the proposed method has provided acceptable accuracy.
ABSTRAK: Walaupun kajian tentang rangkaian sosial adalah sangat pesat, kesan positif dan negatif dalam ruang lingkup ini perlu dinilai. Masalah rangkaian sosial adalah sangat luas dan sesiapa sahaja boleh terpengaruh. Perkara ini akan menyebabkan manusia dengan pelbagai isu kepercayaan. Oleh itu, menentukan nilai kepercayaan melalui pelbagai sumber dalam rangkaian sosial, terutama sumber-sumber yang tidak mempunyai sejarah lepas dalam web, adalah salah satu cabaran dalam bidang ini. Kajian ini membentangkan jangkaan kepercayaan dalam rangkaian sosial melalui persamaan struktur dengan menggunakan rangkaian neural. Kaedah ini ditentukan dengan menukar set data web kepercayaan kepada struktur set data hampir sama berdasarkan kesamaan pemegang dan pemberi amanah. Kemudian, sebilangan set data yang telah dibina ini dipertimbangkan sebagai data latihan dan ia dilatih berdasarkan rangkaian neural perseptron berbagai lapisan dan kemudian rangkaian neural yang terlatih ini diuji berdasarkan data ujian. Dalam kaedah yang dicadangkan ini, nilai MSE adalah kurang daripada 0.01, di mana telah diperbaiki kepada 0.02 lebih daripada kaedah-kaedah sebelum ini. Berdasarkan dapatan kajian, didapati kaedah yang dicadangkan ini menunjukkan ketepatan yang boleh diterima.
IPad as a New Educational Technology: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Ahmad Abdelaziz Al-Zu’bi Mohammad
Published: January 2021

The investigation of the effectiveness of the iPad in education is still inadequate due to considering the novelty of iPad in education. This fact is occurring even though the increase of studies that addressed the iPad in education during the last ten years. Therefore, this study examines the effectiveness of iPad in education through review literature on iPad in education. After a review of the literature on the iPad, the results were in three aspects: reading, writing, and mathematics. In addition, the studies that addressed the iPad as an educational tool were confirmed of the positive effects of iPad in education. However, there is a lack of studies has addressed the iPad with thinking skills such as creative and critical thinking, additionally, motivation and learning motivation. Furthermore, the current study was recommended to conduct studies that addressed the iPad with thinking aspects with motivation and learning motivation.
Validation of Self-Regulated Motivation Scale for Measuring English Oral Communication among Medical Students
Authors: Shah M. Anees Ul Husnain , Ahmad Iqbal , Saeed Mohammad
Published: January 2021

The Self-regulated Motivation Scale (SRMS) has been widely used to measure students’ motivation for learning in social sciences context. There is no evidence of its validation in the medical field. This study examined the scale's psychometric properties for measuring medical students’ motivation for English oral communication in the Pakistani context. A total of 401 students participated in the study who responded to the 20 items scale. The scale was evaluated using the Exploratory and Confirmatory factor analysis approach. The hypothetical model was assessed based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine the adequacy of the goodness of fit to the sampled data. The analysis confirmed that the hypothesized four-factor model of the SRMS had an excellent fit to the data. The findings of the study fully supported the multi-dimensionality of the scale. We conclude that SRMS is a valid and reliable scale for measuring medical students’ motivation towards improved English oral communication.
Familial Issues Leading to Institutional Refuge: A Case Study of Darul Amaan in Rawalpindi Pakistan
Authors: Majeed Kainat
Published: January 2021

Women as a major constituent of a human society need incentives for gender equality and social stability within a community. As a democratic country, Pakistan is experiencing more gender inequalities that lead women to take institutional shelter for security. The research subject is family issues that lead to Darul-Amaan Research locale case study of institutional refuge in Rawalpindi Pakistan. In order to conduct this analysis, twenty respondents who live in Darul-Amaan were chosen and examined. The goal of the study is, first of all, to find out why women leave their homes. Secondly, work into the installations Darul Amaan is giving women a chance to protect themselves. Researcher used a methodological theoretical approach to address the issue of intensifying purposeful sampling methodology here. The result indicates that family problems such as unethical conduct by children, sexual harassment, lack of women rights are the factors that lead to the escape from the home.
An Anthropological Perspective of Kinship System Among Transgender Community in Pakistan
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad Asim , Chaudhry Abid Ghafoor
Published: January 2021

The article examines the ideas of family relationship frameworks in transgender network. Inspecting their Kinship frameworks and connections with regards to familial traditions, ceremonies, standards and qualities in transgender network. Analysts investigate how transgender characterized their connection frameworks with regards to transgender network. By leading 22 inside and out meetings from transgender individuals at their Deras (house) with snowball sampling with taking part in member perception in help bunch gatherings, get-together, where scientists had the option to gather wide scope of information with the assistance of key witness and use in examination. Analysts looked to comprehend the manners by which transgender individuals recognize the spot of connection in their own lives. Scientist consider the rights with regards to transgender network, power elements that are implanted in trans family relationship framework.
Symptomatic Hyponatremia following Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy: A Case Report
Authors: Sunder Shrestha Pramesh , Acharya Utsav , Karki Bipin , Pathak Rahul , Acharya Subhash Prasad
Published: January 2021

Colonoscopy is considered a gold standard tool for the diagnostic evaluation of colorectal diseases. Bowel preparation, a pre-requisite for colonoscopy, usually involves ingestion of purgatives for the cleansing of the bowel so that visualization is not obscured during the procedure. Commonly used preparations are sodium phosphate-based solutions, sodium picosulphate and polyethylene glycol. The use of such preparations is associated with electrolyte disturbances, commonly hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is usually seen with sodium phosphate based solutions and is rare with polyethylene glycol. Symptomatic hyponatremia, however, is rare following bowel preparation and is attributable to other factors as well, such as the age of patient, non-osmotic release of antidiuretic hormone and the procedure itself. In this report, we discuss a case of severe symptomatic hyponatremia observed in a 71-year-old gentleman who underwent polyethylene glycol based bowel preparation for colonoscopy.
Operative Treatment of Fixed Flexion Deformity of Elbow by Anterior Release: A Case Report
Authors: Thakur Abhishek Kumar , Nabees Man Singh Pradhan  , Pramod Devkota  , Bidur Gyawali  , Prabhav Majgaiyan Pokhrel
Published: January 2021

A 20-year-old male presented to our OPD with stiffness in his right elbow. He gave a history of sustaining a fracture around the same elbow when he was 4 years old. He was treated operatively for the same. In the post-operative period, he did not undergo any physiotherapy. On examination, he had a fixed flexion deformity in his right elbow with a range of motion between 90 and 110 degrees. X-ray did not show any bony abnormalities and MRI revealed susceptibility artifacts in posterior aspect. The elbow was approached anteriorly releasing all the soft tissue contractures. The elbow was immobilised in extension in a plaster cast for 4 weeks. The patient was under regular physiotherapy after plaster removal in the post-operative period. At one year follow up, he has an elbow range of motion between 20 and 120 degrees.
Prevalence of Colistin-resistant Gram-negative Isolates Carrying the mcr-1 Gene among Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Paudel Ashmita , Devkota Surya Prasad , Shrestha Anima , Shah Anil Kumar
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Gram-negative isolates harboring mobilized colistin resistance (mcr-1) gene are a great threat to human health. They have been reported worldwide among various bacterial isolates. This work aimed to study the prevalence of colistin resistance among Gram-negative bacteria and the incidence of mcr-1 gene among these isolates.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done at a tertiary care center from June 2016 to February 2017. An ethical approval was taken from review board of the Nepal Health Research Council (Reg. no: 274/2016). Convenience sampling was used. The data was collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16 . Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.

Results: Among 485 gram-negative isolates, only 13 (2.68%) (1.26-6.62 at 95% Confidence Interval) isolates were colistin-resistant and mcr-1 was present in two isolates. Predominant colistin-resistant isolates were E. coli 6 (4.1%), Enterobacter spp 2 (2.81%), and Acinetobacter spp 2 (2.81%). A high level of colistin-resistance was noted in 4 (30.7%) isolates as indicated by the very high value of colistin MIC (>256 µg/ml). ICU was the major site of isolation of colistin-resistant and mcr-1 positive pathogens. The majority of colistin-resistant isolates were highly drug-resistant and were sensitive only to polymyxin B. Antibiotics like imipenem, amikacin, gentamicin, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, and piperacillin-tazobactam were effective for few of these isolates.

Conclusions: Though the prevalence of mcr-1 gene was low among colistin-resistant gram-negative isolates, the resistant pattern was quite alarming as these isolates were highly drug-resistant.
Silver-lining in the Time of Mayhem: The Role of Local Governments of Nepal During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Adhikari Biplov , Budhathoki Shyam Sundar
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only affected health systems but also has had deep socio-economic effects. The lockdown enforced in Nepal, had people running out of means to make ends meet, the public in fear of an unknown disease, and challenges for leaders to deliver better. Local governments of Nepal, established under the federal system, have the closest ties to the community. They have powers entrusted by the constitution to enact laws according to the needs of the community. During the 83 days of lockdown, the local governments came through for their inhabitants by managing quarantines and isolation centers, taking care of diagnostics, providing food and rations, and arranging facilities to bring back their locals stranded in other cities. The local governments improved awareness and helped maintain the lockdown. These undertakings by the local governments of Nepal highlight the importance of a community-based approach to dealing with pandemics.
Diagnostic Dilemma in Groove Pancreatitis: A Case Report
Authors: Laudari Uttam , Ghimire Roshan , Pradhan Rosi , Maharjan Dhiresh Kumar , Thapa Prabin Bikram
Published: January 2021

Groove pancreatitis is uncommon form of chronic pancreatitis common in patients with history of smoking and alcohol abuse. High index of suspicion is required as it may masquerade pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and both of these conditions are difficult to differentiate preoperatively. Pancreaticoduodenectomy has good outcome in patient with Groove pancreatitis. Hence, we are reporting a case report of Groove pancreatitis in 40 years gentleman, who was being managed by multiple endoscopic dilatations, later underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for persistent symptoms. He had no perioperative morbidity and doing well in 24 months follow up.
Illness Perception Predicting Cardiovascular Health Behaviors among Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gauro Punam , Thaniwattananon Ploenpit , Kritpracha Charuwan
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Cardiovascular health behaviors refer to the activities done by individuals to prevent recurrence, minimize risk factors, improve survival, reduce recurrent events, control cardiovascular disease, and help prevent further complications. Illness perception may determine these behaviors. This study is aimed to identify level of illness perception, cardiovascular health behaviors and illness perception predicting cardiovascular health behaviors among patients with ischemic heart disease.

Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Altogether 114 samples were selected using convenience sampling technique. Data was collected by using pretested semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: Illness perception was at moderate level (M= 148.05, SD= 12.86) which represented a moderate threatening perception. The score of cardiovascular health behaviors was at a high level (M=92.14, SD=10.72).

Conclusions: The findings showed that illness perception can be a predictor of cardiovascular health behaviors.
Use of Statins as Lipid Lowering Agent in Hypercholesterolemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhattarai Aashish Kumar , Acharya Anna , Karki Prabin Kumar
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Lipids contribute to atherosclerosis and obesity that can lead to different cardiovascular diseases. Statins are hydroxymethylglutaryl reductase inhibitors that effectively lower the cholesterol level. It is widely prescribed in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Thus it optimizes the lipoprotein profile. The selection of a particular drug by the practitioner should be primarily based on clinical outcome. This study was conducted to find the type of statins that are most preferred by the doctors for treating dyslipidemia and preferred the fixed-dose in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among the practicing doctors of Kathmandu Medical College from July to August 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the college (Ref: 207202006). Convenient sampling was done. A semi-structured questionnaire was used with consent. The data were analyzed with Social Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.

Results: Statins, with the score 4.25 was accounted for most preferred for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Among different statins, atorvastatin with a score of 4.48 was most popular followed by rosuvastatin 2.9 score and simvastatin 2.1 scores.

Conclusions: Statins were the most preferred agents for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Although different types of statins ought to have similar efficacy in treating dyslipidemia, atorvastatin was found to be popular and the most commonly prescribed one. The most common side effect reported with statins was myopathy.
Multiply Broken Metallic Hardware Removal for United Patella Fracture Applied Twenty Years Before: A Case Report
Authors: K.C. Kapil Mani , Acharya Parimal , Pangeni Bandhu Ram , Niroula Ankit , KC Amuda
Published: January 2021

Breakage of tension band wires, used to treat the patella fracture, is not uncommon several years after the fracture fixation. Broken wires may migrate to surrounding neurovascular structures, other vital organs like heart and may cause potentially fatal complications. Once the wires have been broken, it is very difficult to remove the broken pieces of metal wires. We report a 50 years old male patient with broken tension band wires at multiple sites for patella fracture. The broken wires were removed 20 years after the initial surgery without any undue complications, however patient sustained significant soft tissue damage to remove all the pieces of broken wires that would otherwise have been removed without any undue complications immediately after fracture union.
Success Rate of Endoscopic Sphenopalatine Artery Ligation for the Management of Refractory Posterior Epistaxis Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Basnet Meenakshi , Ghimire Bibek , Shrestha Akriti , Aryal Gyan Raj
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Epistaxis is a common medical emergency with 5% to 15% of patients admitted for epistaxis will require surgical management as nasal packing has high failure rates. A modern endoscopic technique like Endoscopic Sphenopalatine Artery Ligation has increased in popularity for managing intractable posterior epistaxis. It has less complication and a high success rate. The study conducted to estimate the success rate of Endoscopic Sphenopalatine Artery Ligation of refractory posterior epistaxis among admitted patients in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from June 2019 to June 2020 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital among the patient with refractory posterior epistaxis with the help of retrospective data. A convenient sampling method was used. These patients underwent endoscopic sphenopalatine artery cauterization for recurrent/intractable posterior epistaxis. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Board. Data were analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Results: Out of the total patient with refractory posterior epistaxis who underwent Endoscopic Sphenopalatine Artery Ligation, the overall success rate was 39 (95.12%). Among them, 25 (60.97%) males and 16 (39.02%) females underwent endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation. Twenty (48.78%) of them were unilateral whilst 21 (51.21%) were bilateral disease. About 2 (4.8%) cases had re-bleeding within 48 hours which was managed conservatively. Hypertension was found to be the most common comorbid condition followed by diabetes, chronic kidney.

Conclusions: From our study, we conclude that the success rate for Endoscopic Sphenopalatine Artery Ligation in a patient with refractory posterior epistaxis was high.
Hazai és nemzetközi trendek az olvasásnépszerűsítés terén
Authors: Radics Krisztina
Published: January 2021

Reading, either in the traditional or digital form is a concern, whose importance today’s youth must be aware of. The representative national reading surveys of 2017 and 2019 of reading and library use habits carried out within the framework of the My library project demonstrated the declining popularity of reading. Furthermore, results of international reading comprehension surveys, especially the PISA tests pertaining to the specific ability of Hungarian students confirm this tendency. What can be done? What methods can we use to promote reading for the youth of the digital world? Programs popularizing reading can give potential answers. Since libraries play a significant role and they are perhaps the most influential in popularizing reading the opinion of the library profession related to these programs should be explored. In my presentation I compare domestic and international trends related to the popularization of reading. I will also introduce the results of an on-line questionnaire-based survey concerning the library profession’s views on the efficiency of such programs along with discussing the potential role of libraries and the expectations for the future.
A humán faktor szerepe a kiberbiztonság megteremtésében
Authors: Legárd Ildikó
Published: January 2021

Technological advances in recent decades, the rapid increase in digitization, the tremendous development of ICT tools and services, the widespread use of the Internet, and rapid access have irreversibly changed the lives of people, the way businesses operate and the organization of public administration. In parallel with the incessant development the security awareness of the users of these systems did not keep pace with the pace of technical development. So it is not surprising that cybercriminals have begun using a recently very popular form of attack, so-called social engineering that builds on influencing, manipulating and exploitable properties of human factor. „Cybercriminals are developing and boosting their attacks at an alarming pace, exploiting the fear and uncertainty caused by the unstable social and economic situation created by COVID-19” – said Jürgen Stock, INTERPOL Secretary General. Effective protection against threats can be ensured by the security awareness of the users, which can be achieved through a well-organized and successful security awareness program.
Tratamiento de Hipertrofia Maseterina Unilateral con plano neuromiorelajante y aplicación de Toxina Botulínica Tipo A: Reporte de caso
Authors: Ordóñez Pesántez María Gracia
Published: January 2021

La hipertrofia maseterina es una condición benigna en la que existe un aumento en el tamaño del músculo masetero, la misma que puede presentarse de forma uni o bilateral. No se le ha asignado etiología clara, aunque se presume que es debido a factores funcionales propios de cada individuo. El plano neuromiorelajante se considera una indicación terapéutica muy frecuente en múltiples patologías o trastornos de la unidad cráneocervicomandibular. Esta herramienta es la más utilizada para tratar trastornos témporomandibulares (TTM) y bruxismo. Así también, la toxina botulínica tipo A es una neurotoxina que en cantidades adecuadas es empleada de manera terapéutica o como producto cosmético por su capacidad de producir una parálisis muscular de manera temporal indicándose también en la hipertrofia maseterina. El uso de un plano de relajación y la aplicación de toxina botulínica han sido mayoritariamente estudiados por separados, pero el uso en conjunto podría suponer una mejora en los resultados como tratamiento en conjunto.

Una paciente de 30 años acude a la consulta por presentar hipertrofia maseterina unilateral derecha, el tratamiento de elección fue la instalación de un plano neuromiorelajante de uso 24 horas juntamente con la aplicación de toxina botulínica tipo A, después de un mes de la aplicación de esta se observó una mejoría evidente en la estética, sin embargo, a los cuatro meses de la aplicación cumpliendo este medicamento con su vida media se evidenció una recidiva importante.
ANOMALY DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING APPROACHES
Authors:   St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Das Nath Mausumi , Bhattasali Tapalina
Published: January 2021

Due to the enormous usage of the Internet, users share resources and exchange voluminous amounts of data. This increases the high risk of data theft and other types of attacks. Network security plays a vital role in protecting the electronic exchange of data and attempts to avoid disruption concerning finances or disrupted services due to the unknown proliferations in the network. Many Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are commonly used to detect such unknown attacks and unauthorized access in a network. Many approaches have been put forward by the researchers which showed satisfactory results in intrusion detection systems significantly which ranged from various traditional approaches to Artificial Intelligence (AI) based approaches.AI based techniques have gained an edge over other statistical techniques in the research community due to its enormous benefits. Procedures can be designed to display behavior learned from previous experiences. Machine learning algorithms are used to analyze the abnormal instances in a particular network. Supervised learning is essential in terms of training and analyzing the abnormal behavior in a network. In this paper, we propose a model of Naïve Bayes and SVM (Support Vector Machine) to detect anomalies and an ensemble approach to solve the weaknesses and to remove the poor detection results
MACHINE LEARNING-BASED MODELING FOR PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT IN AN EXASCALE SYSTEMS
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Vazirov Etibar
Published: January 2021

The combination of heterogeneous resources within exascale architectures guarantees to be capable of revolutionary compute for scientific applications. There will be some data about the status of the current progress of jobs, hardware and software, memory, and network resource usage. This provisional information has an irreplaceable value in learning to predict where applications may face dynamic and interactive behavior when resource failures occur. In this paper was proposed building a scalable framework that uses special performance information collected from all other sources. It will perform an analysis of HPC applications in order to develop new statistical footprints of resource usage. Besides, this framework should predict the reasons for failure and provide new capabilities to recover from application failures. We are applying HPC capabilities at exascale causes the possibility of substantial scientific unproductiveness in computational procedures. In that sense, the integration of machine learning into exascale computations is an encouraging way to obtain large performance profits and introduce an opportunity to jump a generation of simulation improvements.
Economic feasibility for photovoltaic solar energy projects: a systematic review
Authors: Concolato Caíque de Oliveira Fernandes , Cunha Mauro Rezende , Afonso Herlander Costa Alegre da Gama
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This paper presents a systematic literature review regarding economic feasibility studies and photovoltaic solar energy production.
Methodology/Approach: To this end, publications from 2015 to 2019 were collected in two journal databases: Web of Science and Science Direct. In order to create a corpus more relevant to the aim of this research, a selection among the papers found was made respecting some established filters. Subsequently this refinement, the resulting corpus consisted of seventeen papers.
Findings: A current matter discussed by the researchers was identified, regarding the study on the best photovoltaic system to be used for each user: whether batteries are the best option as a storage source, or the connection of the system to the network is the most adequate guarantee to meet demand.
Research Limitation/implication: This review gives the present study a characteristic of bringing together what, within the mentioned period and in the searched bases, has been approached in different works that deal with the economic feasibility analysis regarding the photovoltaic solar energy production.
Originality/Value of paper: can support the implementation of solar systems in peripheral locations where the technology is still little used.