bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of and risk factors for fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in horses
Authors: Cole Dana J. , Cohen Noah D. , Snowden Karen , Smith Roger
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine prevalence of and risk factors for fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts among 3 populations of horses.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Animals

152 horses participating in the 1996 Texas State 4-H Horse Show, 144 horses examined by the veterinary teaching hospital, and 70 broodmares and their 10- to 21-day-old foals.

Procedure

Information on signalment and potential risk factors for fecal shedding of oocysts was obtained. Fecal samples were evaluated for oocysts by means of acid-fast (AF) staining, immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and, for selected samples, flow cytometry (FC).

Results

Results of the 3 diagnostic tests were significantly different. The best agreement was between results of the IFA and FC; AF staining and FC were more sensitive than the IFA, but AF staining was less specific. Fecal samples from 13 horses were classified as positive for oocysts. Risk factors for fecal shedding of oocysts included residence on 2 of 4 breeding farms involved in the study, age < 6 months, and history of diarrhea during the preceding 30 days. A municipal water source was implicated as a risk but could not be verified because of insufficient data.

Clinical Implications

Mature horses and exposure to cattle did not appear to be important sources of cryptosporidial infection for foals. Overall prevalence of C parvum infection among these horses was low, and C parvum infection appeared to be associated with particular farms, rather than an endemic opportunistic infection in horses.
Viability of an inguinal testis after laparoscopic cauterization and transection of its blood supply
Authors: Bergeron Jeffrey A. , Hendrickson Dean A. , McCue Patrick M.
Published: December 2023

Laparoscopic castration of cryptorchid or hemicastrated horses is a viable surgical technique; however, transection of the spermatic chord to induce avascular necrosis of testicular tissue that is left in place can result in revascularization with subsequent production of testosterone and stallion-like behavior.

Endocrine tests, such as determination of testosterone concentration and the human chorionic gonadotropin response test, can be used to identify horses that presumably have been castrated but have viable testicular tissue.
Change in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration in response to administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone to healthy dogs, hypothyroid dogs, and euthyroid dogs with concurrent disease
Authors: Scott-Moncrieff J. Catharine R. , Nelson Richard W.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine whether measuring change in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) administration can be used as a test of thyroid function in dogs suspected of having hypothyroidism.

Design

Case-cohort study.

Animals

13 healthy dogs, 20 hypothyroid dogs, and 18 euthyroid dogs with concurrent diseases.

Procedure

Blood samples were collected before and 30 minutes after TRH administration, and serum TSH concentration was measured. The 13 healthy dogs were used to establish a reference range for change in TSH concentration after TRH administration. The remaining 38 dogs were categorized as hypothyroid or euthyroid on the basis of baseline total thyroxine (T4) and TSH concentrations, T4 concentration 4 hours after TRH administration, and clinical response to administration of sodium levothyroxine.

Results

Median baseline TSH concentration was 0.25 ng/ml (range, 0.03 to 0.44 ng/ml) in healthy dogs, 0.93 ng/ml (0.21 to 3.5 ng/ml) in hypothyroid dogs, and 0.21 ng/ml (0.03 to 0.63 ng/ml) in euthyroid dogs with concurrent diseases. Median percentage change in TSH concentration after TRH administration was 207% (range, 25 to 2,200%) in healthy dogs, 24% (-21 to 134%) in hypothyroid dogs, and 167% (69 to 1,800%) in euthyroid dogs with concurrent diseases. Overall accuracy of using the TRH-induced change in TSH concentration to identify hypothyroid dogs was 90%.

Clinical Implications

Although percentage change in TSH concentration in response to TRH administration can be used to differentiate euthyroid from hypothyroid dogs, the test has little advantage over measurement of baseline TSH and total or free T4concentration. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1435-1438)
Management of rupture of the gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor muscles with a modified Thomas splint-cast combination in a horse
Authors: Lescun Timothy B. , Hawkins Jan F. , Siems Jeffrey J.
Published: December 2023

Rupture of the caudal reciprocal apparatus in horses can be managed successfully with placement of a modified Thomas splint-cast combination.

Osteochondrosis of the stifle joint can develop secondarily to trauma.
Prevalence of morphologic defects in spermatozoa from beef bulls
Authors: Johnson K. R. , Dewey C. E. , Bobo J. K. , Kelling C. L. , Lunstra D. D.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine the overall prevalence of morphologic defects in spermatozoa from beef bulls and to determine whether prevalence varies with the age of the bull.

Design

Cross-sectional observational study.

Animals

2,497 beef bulls that were evaluated for breeding soundness in 1994 by 29 practicing veterinarians in a 5-state geographic region.

Procedure

Slides of spermatozoa from each bull were made and submitted by practicing veterinarians for morphologic evaluation. One hundred spermatozoa per slide were examined, and each was classified as having 1 of 9 morphologic defects or as normal.

Results

63% of bulls evaluated were 10 to 12 months old, and 20% were 13 to 18 months old. A mean of 70.6% of spermatozoa was classified as normal. Most common defects were proximal droplets (8.4%), distal midpiece reflexes (6.7%), separated heads (5.5%), and distal droplets (3.8%). Other defects were seen < 2% of the time. Bulls 10 to 12 months of age had a higher prevalence of proximal and distal droplet defects than older bulls.

Clinical Implications

Practitioners conducting breeding soundness evaluations in beef bulls must be aware of common spermatozoal defects. Bulls that are evaluated at a young age will have more defects than older bulls and should be reevaluated, particularly for those defects for which prevalence decreases with age. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1468-1471)
Determination of skin concentrations of enrofloxacin in dogs with pyoderma
Authors: DeManuelle C. , Ihrke P. J. , Brandt C. M. , Kass P. H. , Vulliet P. R.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To compare serum and skin concentrations of enrofloxacin in dogs with pyoderma with those of clinically normal dogs and to evaluate concentrations in dogs with superficial versus deep pyoderma.

Animals

16 clinically normal dogs and 16 dogs with pyoderma.

Procedure

Enrofloxacin (approx 5 mg/kg of body weight, PO) was administered daily to all dogs. Serum samples and skin biopsy specimens were obtained on day 1 at 3 hours after drug administration and on day 3 immediately before and 3 hours after drug administration. Samples and specimens were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Morphometric analysis was performed on skin biopsy specimens to determine correlation between inflammatory cells and peak tissue enrofloxacin concentration on day 1.

Results

Morphometric analysis revealed high correlation between dermal inflammatory cell count and drug concentration in dogs with pyoderma.

Conclusions

At mean dosage of 5 mg/kg once daily, enrofloxacin tissue concentrations were significantly greater in dogs with pyoderma at 3 hours after pill administration. Enrofloxacin tissue concentration on day 3 at 3 hours after pill administration was 12.4 times the 90% minimum inhibitory concentration of enrofloxacin for Staphylococcus intermedius.

Clinical Relevance

In dogs with pyoderma, therapeutic tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin are reached as early as 3 hours after drug administration. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:veterinary medicine-veterinary medicine)
Prevalence of Tritrichomonas fetus in a bull population and effect on production in a large cow-calf enterprise
Authors: Rae D. Owen , Chenoweth Peter J. , Genho Paul C. , McIntosh Antoinette D. , Crosby C. Eugene , Moore Scott A.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine prevalence of infection with Tritrichomonas fetus in a bull population; assess influence of age, breed, and grouping; assess effects on measures of cow performance (pregnancy rate, weaning percentage, weaning weight); and estimate test sensitivity.

Design

Epidemiologic study.

Animals

1,383 bulls and records for 28,471 cows bred by these bulls in the immediate past breeding season.

Procedure

Bulls in 11 cattle units on a large ranch were tested for T fetus colonization by vigorous preputial scraping and protozoologic culture until no newly infected bulls were identified. Bull infection prevalence within units was calculated and correlated to production measurements reported for each cattle unit.

Results

Mean prevalence of T fetus-infected bulls was 11.9% (range, 0 to 35.9%). Significant difference was detected between mean age of infected bulls (5.5 years) and noninfected bulls (3.9 years). Difference in prevalence among breeds was found, although other factors may have influenced this finding. Cow performance measurements (weaning percentage, mean weaning weight, and adjusted mean weaning weight/exposed cow) for cows exposed by breeding to bull groups with the highest prevalence of infection (35.9%) were significantly different from mean values for the entire study population. Test sensitivity for this study (73%) was less than that reported in other studies.

Clinical Implications

T fetus infection in a natural service beef herd has an adverse impact on several production measures. Severity of impact is related to prevalence of infection in the bull population, where prevalence is bull age and population dependent. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:1051–1055)
Survey of veterinary extension in the United States
Authors: Sischo William M. , Floyd James G. , McKean James D. , Hueston William D.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To assess veterinary extension in the United States as perceived by veterinary extension personnel.

Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Sample Population

Extension veterinarians in the United States.

Procedure

2 surveys were designed and mailed to extension veterinarians listed by the USDA and the American Association of Extension Veterinarians.

Results

34 states had ≥ 1 extension veterinarian. The majority (> 60%) of extension veterinarians did not commit time to resident education and were not involved in research activities. Paradoxically, 23% of responding extension veterinarians did not report extension work. Programs for food animal producers, horse owners, and companion animal owners were provided by 100, 63, and 37% of states, respectively. Continuing education (CE) programs were provided for food animal veterinarians, equine veterinarians, and companion animal veterinarians by 96, 63, and 52% of states, respectively. Challenges facing veterinary extension included limited recognition of veterinary extension activities by universities, lack of university personnel to support CE programs, and decreased support for companion animal extension programs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Extension veterinarians need to identify and clearly articulate the mission of veterinary extension, develop more collaborative programs across regions, and continue to serve as catalysts to bring diverse constituents together. Extension veterinarians must distinguish their mission not solely as information transfer, which can be accomplished in a variety of ways outside of extension, but as a coherent and consistent program of education and policy developed on a national level and distributed locally. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1439–1443)
Association between peri-transplant acid-base parameters and graft dysfunction types in kidney transplantation
Authors: Căluşi Teodor , Sorohan Bogdan , Iordache Alexandru , Domnişor Liliana , Purcaru Florea
Published: December 2023

Perioperative acid-base disturbance could be informative regarding the possible slow graft function (SGF) or delayed graft function (DGF) development. There is a lack of data regarding the relationship between perioperative acid-base parameters and graft dysfunction in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. We aim to determine the incidence of graft dysfunction types and the association between them and acid-base parameters.

We performed a prospective, cohort study on 54 adults, KT recipients, between 1st of January 2019 and 31st of December 2019. Graft function was defined and classified in three categories: immediate graft function (IGF) (serum creatinine < 3 mg/dL at day 5 after KT), SGF (serum creatinine ≥ 3mg/dL at day 5 or ≥ 2.5mg dL at day 7 after KT) and DGF (the need for at least one dialysis treatment in the first week after kidney transplantation). Among the 54 KT recipients, the incidence of SGF and DGF was 13% and 11.1%, respectively. SGF was significantly associated with lower intraoperative pH (7.26± 0.05 vs 7.35± 0.06, p= 0.004), preoperative and intraoperative base excess (BE) [−7.0 (−10.0 ߝ −6.0) vs −3.4 (−7.8 ߝ − 2.1) mmol/L, p= 0.04 and −10.3 (−11.0 ߝ −9.1) vs −4.0 (−6.3 ߝ − 3.0) mmol/L, p= 0.002, respectively] and serum bicarbonate (HCO3−) (16.0± 2.7 vs 19.3± 3.4 mmol/L, p= 0.01 and 14.1± 1.9 vs 18.8± 3.2 mmol/L, p= 0.002 respectively), compared to IGF. DGF was significantly associated with lower intraoperative values of pH (7.27± 0.05 vs 7.35± 0.06, p= 0.003), BE [−7.1 (−10.9 ߝ −6.1) vs −4.0 (−6.3 ߝ − 3.0) mmol/L, p= 0.02] and HCO3− (15.9± 2.4 vs 18.8± 3.2 mmol/L, p=0.02) compared to IGF. No differences were observed between SGF and DGF patients in any of the perioperative acid-base parameters.

In conclusion we found that kidney graft dysfunction types are associated with perioperative acid-base parameters and perioperative metabolic acidosis could provide important information to predict SGF or DGF occurrence.
Responses to External Cues in Oral Bacteria
Authors:   , Robertsson Carolina
Published: December 2023

This thesis investigates responses to external cues in oral bacteria on a molecular level. Paper I maps Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylated proteins in relation to the general proteome in an oral commensal streptococcus (Streptococcus gordonii DL1). The identified phosphoproteins were involved in various bacterial processes, several associated to dysbiosis and development of biofilm-induced disease. Comparison against phosphoproteomes of other bacteria showed many similarities. This is of interest for the identification of shared phosphorylation profiles. Paper II studies differences between the S. gordonii DL1 general proteomes in planktonic and biofilm growth phases, and the regulatory effects of salivary mucin MUC5B on protein expression in the biofilm cells. Regulations in protein expression between the different growth conditions provides insights in bacterial mechanisms for adaptation to the biofilm lifestyle. Paper III examines the regulatory roles of salivary MUC5B on biofilm attachment and metabolic output in two clinical isolates of oral commensals, S. gordonii CW and Actinomyces naeslundii CW. S. gordonii facilitated adhesion of A. naeslundii to MUC5B during early attachment. Both bacteria were also able to utilize MUC5B as a sole nutrient source during early biofilm formation, individually and synergistically in a dual species biofilm. The specific responses elicited by MUC5B in paper II-III seem to promote commensal colonization while down-regulating dysbiosis-related biofilm activities. Microbiological studies are often focused on dysbiosis and development of disease. However, mechanisms that promote eubiosis are equally important to understand how health can be maintained. Findings associated with responses to external cues in oral bacteria may contribute to future development of novel preventative strategies and identification of predictive biomarkers for oral health.
Determinantes de la autosuficiencia financiera de los organismos operadores de agua mexicanos
Authors:   Universidad Panamericana, Facultad de Ingeniería, Álvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan, Jalisco, México, Navarro Rodrigo , Briseño Hugo ,   Universidad Panamericana, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Álvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
Published: December 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es explorar las variables que impactan en la autosuficiencia financiera de los organismos operadores de agua en México. Para lo anterior, se construye una base de datos de panel con la información pública disponible de 31 organismos de grandes ciudades que atienden a una tercera parte de la población urbana del país durante los años 2017 a 2019 referente a autosuficiencia financiera, tarifa doméstica, comercial e industrial, nivel de subsidio cruzado, eficiencia física, eficiencia comercial, eficiencia de cobro, eficiencia global y una variable dicotómica que se activa cuando el organismo es de un estado del sureste mexicano. Se encuentra que hay una relación significativa positiva entre la autosuficiencia, y las variables tarifa doméstica, eficiencia física, eficiencia comercial y eficiencia global. Asimismo, hay una fuerte relación significativa negativa entre la autosuficiencia y que el organismo pertenezca a un estado en el sureste mexicano. Se concluye que la información financiera pública de los organismos es muy limitada y que una adecuada tarifa, así como la eficiencia en la gestión, incrementan la autosuficiencia financiera; asimismo, los estados del sureste, donde hay mucha agua, carecen de incentivos para mejorar la eficiencia de los organismos operadores de agua.
El acceso al servicio de agua y la vulnerabilidad al COVID-19: el caso de la Ciudad de México
Authors:   Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, México / Honorary Research Fellow, Centre for Social Researh on the Global Environment, School of Environmental Sciences, UK, Soto-Montes-de-Oca Gloria , Ramirez-Fuentes G. Alfredo ,   División de Economía, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, A.C. (CIDE), Ciudad de México, México, Ramírez-Macario Lessli A. ,   Licenciatura en Estudios Socio-Territoriales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, México
Published: December 2023

El acceso al servicio de agua en los hogares es fundamental para enfrentar la pandemia de COVID-19, sobre todo en contextos urbanos donde el riesgo aumenta por la cercanía social. En este artículo se exploran las relaciones entre el número de contagios de COVID-19 con la marginación de los hogares y los problemas de acceso al servicio de abasto de agua potable en la Ciudad de México, resaltando los patrones de distribución espacial. Se generó una base de datos a nivel de colonia con información oficial sobre el número de contagios, número de habitantes, índice de desarrollo social y acceso deficiente del abasto de agua. Se encontró que todas estas variables tienen un efecto significativo sobre el número de casos que se registran en las colonias. En particular, el deficiente acceso al servicio de agua aumentó en al menos 17 % el número de casos de contagio de COVID-19 durante el periodo de estudio.
Curvas de Intensidad-Duración-Frecuencia para la ciudad de Santa Clara, Cuba
Authors:   Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba, Castillo-García Carlos , Domínguez-Hurtado Ismabel ,   Centro Meteorológico Provincial de Villa Clara, Santa Clara, Cuba, Martínez-González Yoel ,   Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, La Habana, Cuba, Abreu-Franco Diego ,   Empresa de Investigaciones y Proyectos Hidráulicos de Villa Clara, Cuba
Published: December 2023

Las curvas de intensidad-duración-frecuencia (IDF) son una representación de fenómenos hidrometeorológicos extremos de la lluvia para su uso en proyectos hidrológicos. En el presente artículo se realizó un análisis de 243 eventos lluviosos convectivos de más de 25 mm ocurridos en la estación meteorológica Yabú de la provincia Villa Clara, Cuba, en el periodo comprendido desde 1990 hasta 2019, con el objetivo de elaborar las curvas IDF de dicha estación. Se elaboró una serie de máximos anuales para las duraciones comprendidas entre los 5 y 4 320 minutos, la cual se sometió a un proceso de imputación de datos faltantes usando el algoritmo de imputación múltiple por regresión lineal; se encontraron valores anómalos y se destacó su tratamiento. Las series resultantes se testearon en pruebas no paramétricas para comprobar su independencia, aleatoriedad y estacionalidad, con lo cual se procedió a ajustarlas a la distribución probabilística de valores extremos Gumbel y posteriormente a una ecuación paramétrica del modelo de Montana. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que existe un punto donde el ajuste del modelo de Montana empieza a obtener resultados discordantes con la serie ajustada a la distribución Gumbel, por lo cual se proponen dos familias de Curvas IDF para duraciones ≤ 360 min y otra para duraciones > 360 min, con las que se obtienen coeficientes de correlación superiores a los 0.99.
El agua, ¿derecho humano o mercancía?, análisis del régimen jurídico aplicable en México
Authors:   Universidad del Valle de México, Ciudad de México, México, Simental-Franco Victor Amaury , Ortega-Laurel Carlos ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma, Lerma de Villada, Estado de México, México
Published: December 2023

A pesar de que se pudiera pensar que el “debate” para definir la naturaleza jurídica del agua ha quedado resuelto en todas las latitudes del orbe (en cuanto a confirmarla como un derecho humano), la realidad es que esto no es así. En México aún persiste una amplia normatividad que le da la categoría de “cosa” susceptible de apropiación privada, ya sea mediante las normas de derecho privado o mediante las reglas del derecho administrativo a través de la figura de la concesión. Por ello en México cobra relevancia analizar la normatividad en la materia a través de descripciones y destacando las peculiaridades más relevantes de la misma, para que se contextúe la realidad. El objetivo esencial del artículo es aportar desde la academia a la resolución del debate en cuestión.
Integrated model of product manufacturing cycle time estimation
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, Todić Vladimir
Published: December 2023

In modern business conditions, companies engaged in individual and small-batch production are faced with one of the key tasks of production management, which refers to weekly and, very often, daily production planning. Short delivery times, limited prices, and high requirements regarding the quality and method of product delivery all require timely planning of production capacities, tools, and devices, as well as the number of workers and their allocation to individual jobs. In such production conditions, which are determined by the market, it is of particular importance to determine the production time of the product quickly and qualitatively, including the production price, within the framework of making an offer according to the customer's demand. The paper presents a cycle time estimation model as a part of the overall product manufacturing time, using ANN and fuzzy neural networks.
Analyzing properties of semi-molten powder granules in laser powder bed fusion
Authors:   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia, Snehashis Pal , Finšgar Matjaž ,   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia, Gotlih Janez ,   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia, Brajlih Tomaž ,   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia, Banerjee Prabas ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India, Lojen Gorazd ,   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia, Bončina Tonica ,   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia, Drstvenšek Igor ,   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia
Published: December 2023

The research focused on the properties of partially fused powder particles and their possible effects on the mechanical and corrosive properties of products produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate surfaces and pores, both for adherent particles and for particles completely enclosed in the molten bath. The study focused on Ti-6Al-4V, considering powder particles between 10–45 µm and a layer thickness of 25 µm. Different combinations of laser powers and scanning speeds were chosen to investigate the melting, mixing and solidification behavior. The analysis revealed that certain partially melted powder particles caused microcracks and increased the corrosive surface area, which showed distinct microstructures compared to the core area of the product. The investigation identified fully integrated particles and mostly melted particles by microstructure analysis. The results suggest potential innovative applications in complex product designs where the removal of these particles is a challenge, as well as in bone implantation to improve osseointegration.
Revizyon yapılan sünnet komplikasyonlarının retrospektif analizi
Authors: Kaya Cem , Arkan Gökhan , Eryılmaz Sibel , Sevimli Aslı , Kapısız Alparslan , Karabulut Ramazan , Türkyılmaz Zafer , Atan Ali , Sönmez Kaan
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE: Circumcision is one of the most commonly performed surgeries worldwide. This study will try to reveal the complications of circumcision and especially the reasons for revision. MATERIAL and METHODS: Patients who underwent circumcision at external centers and applied for revision between 2015 and 2022 were retrospectively examined. Sixty-eight eligible patients were examined in terms of age, circumcision method, expertise of the person performing the circumcision, type of anesthesia and reason for revision. RESULTS: While 76 revisions were made in total; The most common complications were bleeding in 10 cases, excessive foreskin in 10 cases, meatal stenosis in 13 cases, inclusion cyst in 6 cases, buried penis in 7 cases, and penile chordee in 6 cases. While the average age of circumcision of the patients was 12.76±2.01 months, 61 complications developed in children aged 1 year and under. They applied after the circumcision, 31 of which were performed by a specialist surgeon, 33 by a general practitioner and 12 by medical personnel. CONCLUSION: The biggest cause of circumcision complications is seen as circumcision performed at an early age, especially in the neonatal period. Additionally, the use of monopolar cautery should be avoided and care should be taken that local anesthetics do not contain vasoconstrictive agents. Keywords: circumcision, complications, revision, children
ПОВСЯКДЕННЕ ЖИТТЯ НАСЕЛЕННЯ РАДЯНСЬКОГО ЗАКАРПАТТЯ У ДОКУМЕНТАХ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО РОЗВІДУВАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ США (ДРУГА ПОЛОВИНА 1940 – початок 1950-х рр.)
Authors: МІЩАНИН Василь , ІСАК Юрій
Published: December 2023

. Мета дослідження – на основі розсекречених матеріалів ЦРУ дослідити особливості бачення розвідкою США процесів радянізації Закарпаття та їх впливу на повсякденне життя мешканців краю. Методологія дослідження базується на засадничих для вчених-істориків принципах історизму, науковості та об’єктивності. Також необхідним було застосування історико-системного й історико-порівняльного методів історичної науки, що уможливило насамперед простежити специфіку формування образів історії Закарпаття в оцінці фахівців ЦРУ у контексті початкового етапу “Холодної війни”. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у намаганні здійснити виважений і комплексний аналіз бачення розвідкою США різних аспектів повсякденного життя населення радянського Закарпаття (процеси колективізації, повсякденне життя населення міст краю, діяльність органів влади та ін.). Авторами розкрито зміст та фактичну обґрунтованість цих оцінок, показано їх спрямованість, головні об’єкти і лінії аналізу в них. Комплекс документів, проаналізованих у статті, є достатньо інформативним для реалізації завдань дослідження. Висновки. Попри те, що СРСР був стратегічним супротивником США в роки “Холодної війни”, інформація фахівців ЦРУ щодо життя населення Закарпаття як його складової частини не має одностороннього характеру у рамках можливого “двоколірного” оцінювання (“чорне – біле”). У низці відповідних документів відчутним є співчуття до населення краю, підкреслюються досить нелегкі умови його економічного, політичного й культурного життя у перші повоєнні роки, жорсткий управлінський стиль державного і партійного керівництва Закарпаття, значна роль силових структур тощо. Важливим також є визнання українськості населення краю попри наявність “ментального” й “культурного” бар’єрів між місцевими жителями та приїжджими, в тому числі зі східних областей України.

Ключові слова: повсякденне життя, СРСР, УРСР, Закарпатська область, ЦРУ, розвідка, інформація.
РОСІЙСЬКИЙ ЧИННИК ЩОДО ЕСКАЛАЦІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКО-ПОЛЬСЬКИХ ВІДНОСИН НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ ст. (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ПОШКОДЖЕННЯ ПАМ՚ЯТНИКІВ НА ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ПОХОВАННЯХ У ПОЛЬЩІ ТА УКРАЇНІ)
Authors: ЩЕГЛОВ Андрій
Published: December 2023

Метою роботи є історичний аналіз місця й ролі військово-історичних маркерів доби Другої світової війни на території Польщі та України в українсько-польських відносинах 2010-х рр., вплив інформаційних кампаній Російської Федерації на ескалацію міждержавних і міжнаціональних відносин. Методологічну базу дослідження становить комплекс загальнонаукових методів та методів спеціальних історичних досліджень виявлення, опису і пояснення причин ескалації в українсько-польських відносинах, до якої нерідко призводила комемораційна проблема. Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що автором на основі критичного аналізу української історіографії та інформаційних джерел запропоновано комплексне розуміння передумов, перебігу та наслідків короткотермінової ескалації українсько-польських політичних відносин через протилежне представлення пошкодження пам’ятників на військових похованнях періоду Другої світової війни під дією інформаційно-психологічних операцій РФ та втручання “агентів” російського впливу в Польщі та Україні. 

У висновках автор виходить з того, що численні факти пошкодження пам’ятників, особливо в період 2015 – 2017 рр., на військових похованнях періоду Другої світової війни є насамперед злочинами, які мають бути засуджені, а їхні виконавці – встановлені та притягнені до кримінальної відповідальності. Одночасно актуалізація взаємних кривд й образ спільного історичного минулого українського та польського народів активно використовувалася з маніпулятивно-пропагандистською метою російською федерацією у реалізації стратегії гібридної війни. При цьому відповідної  оцінки потребують  політичні, громадські та наукові середовища України і Польщі, які активно використовували тему пошкодження пам’ятників на військових похованнях для реалізації власних інтересів та на шкоду національним інтересам обох держав. Розгортання 22 лютого 2022 р. широкомасштабної агресії РФ проти України актуалізувало цю проблему, яка, за російського зовнішнього втручання, може стати помітним негативним чинником у стратегічних українсько-польських відносинах на коротко- та середньострокову історичну перспективу.

Ключові слова: військові поховання, гібридна війна, українсько-польські відносини, Росія
ІМІТАЦІЯ ДЕНАРІЯ ОКТАВІАНА АВГУСТА МАЛОКОПАНСЬКОГО ТИПУ
Authors: ОРЛИК Михайло , ПРОХНЕНКО Ігор
Published: December 2023

Мета і наукова новизна статті. Дослідження імітації денарія Октавіана Августа Малокопанського типу, та археологічного контексту місць їхніх знахідок. У статі вперше з'ясованого низку нових фактів раніше не відомих історичній науці. Висновки. У статті описано контекст нумізматичної пам’ятки рідкісного Малокопанського типу. Проаналізовано супутні знахідки в урочищах Челениця, Середній Ґрунок та Мала Копаня. У статті вперше встановлено тип монети Октавіана Августа, що був взятий за основу для імітації. Так за матеріалами проведеного дослідження встановлено, що основою для імітації став денарій Октавіана Августа, 19 – 4 рр. до Р.Х. Хронологічні межі карбування денарія співвідносять із супутнім археологічним матеріалом, що було виявлено підчас розкопок 2010 року та більш ранніх археологічних експедицій в урочищах Челениця, Середній Ґрунок та Мала Копаня.

В статті також встановлено, що монети даного типу карбувалися протягом тривалого часу. Про що свідчать дані неруйнівного методу РФА аналізу, а також штемпельний аналіз.. В свою чергу РФА аналіз встановив розбіжності в лігатурі, а саме в одній з досліджуваних монет було виявлено Zn, який повністю відсутній в другій монеті, в той час як в другій монеті було виявлено Fe, що був повністю відсутній в першій монеті. Вміст такої ідентифікуючої лігатури є значно вищим за межі похибки та формує переконання втому, що монети карбувалися із різних партій срібла, що мали різне походження. За даними штемпельного аналізу не було встановлено наявності спільних монетних штемпелів для досліджуваних монет.

Ключові слова: імітація, монета, античність, кельти, гето-даки, грошовий обіг, карбування, РФА, Октавіан Август, Східна Європа.
Exploring the Effects of Information and Communication Technologies in the Marketing of Broiler Birds in Enugu State, Nigeria.
Authors: Ukwuaba Ikenna Charles , Ngwuoke Collins Nzeribe , Chiemela Chinedum Jachinma , Nwachukwu Cynthia Uzoamaka , Mukaila Ridwan , Ileka Chikaosolu Maryqueen , Chiemela Stella Nwawulu
Published: December 2023

Information-intensive and precise knowledge-based marketing approaches is a key aspect in ensuring the long-term viability of agriculture. Unfortunately, the economic potential of information and communication technologies used in agricultural marketing is not fully utilized. This study, therefore, unravelled the effects of information and communication technologies in the marketing of broiler birds in Enugu state, Nigeria. Primary data collected from 90 marketers were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed that all the marketers accessed and used mobile phones very often to communicate with their customers but only a few (40%) used social media platforms while radio and television were rarely used. The gross margin analysis showed that broiler marketing was a viable enterprise with â‚¦80,972.72 (USD 197.29) gross margin monthly. The degree of use of information and communication technologies, level of education and marketing experience significantly affected the revenue margin of the respondents. High cost of information and communication technology facilities, inconsistence power supply, poor network coverage and connectivity and high cost of airtime and data were among the major constraints faced by the marketers. The study recommends that the problem of inconsistent power supply and poor network coverage should be rectified by the government and the network providers, respectively. The national communication commission should as a matter of urgency regulate, moderate and reduce the high call tariffs and internet data cost to enhance the profit margin of the broiler marketers.
Application of the Ohmic Heating Process to Make a Semolina Dessert with Milk
Authors: Yüksel Hatice Pınar , Sabancı Serdal , Omaç Basri
Published: December 2023

Traditional milk desserts are one of the most essential dessert groups that Turkish society consumes. Due to foaming activity, it was aimed to investigate the feasibility of the ohmic heating system to produce a semolina dessert with milk. Hence, an ohmic heating treatment was used to heat the milk, semolina, and sugar mix from 20°C to 100°C using three different voltage gradients (15, 17.5, and 20 V/cm) and then boil for two minutes. It was found that the current value escalated from 20°C to approximately 86°C but decreased after 86°C due to foaming. Since the total consumed energy during the ohmic cooking treatment was inversely proportional to the treatment time, the total consumed energy values decreased based on the rising voltage gradient. As a result, the feasibility of the ohmic heating treatment for making a traditional semolina dessert with milk was determined in this study.
Orange Peel and Cauliflower Residues Supplementation Induce Morphological and Physiological Tolerance in Common Bean under Drought Stress
Authors: Yavaş İlkay , Çiçek Elif Sude
Published: December 2023

Drought is one of the most harmful abiotic stresses affecting the development and yield of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The current climate change and the resulting increased drought will worsen the negative impact of water stress on the plant. The powder of orange peel and cauliflower waste were added as soil supplementation at rates of 7 and 15 g/pot to pots of Phaseolus vulgaris L. under different drought conditions. The growth and physiological analysis were estimated after flowering period of common bean. In the pots where drought will be applied, irrigation was stopped for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days during the flowering period and irrigation was performed again after water stress application. To measure moisture percentage of pots, first dry pots were weighed and after irrigation, their moisture variation in terms of percent was measured during stress from 2 to 10 days. The highest plant height was obtained from control. Leaf area decreased significantly despite the application of different powder, especially after 4 days of drought conditions. The highest root fresh and dry weight, raw ash were observed under control with the application of 7.5 g orange peel powder. Shoot dry weight decreased as the number of days exposed to drought increased, and the application of 15 g orange peel and cauliflower powder gave the highest results compared to control conditions. The highest dry matter was obtained from the application of 7.5 g and 15 cauliflower powder in the absence of drought. It has been revealed that as the duration of exposure to drought increases, the value decreases and plant powders are effective in increasing this value. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll values decreased significantly with drought, and the highest value was obtained from control conditions, followed by 15 cauliflower powder applications.
Effect of Seed Rates and Sowing Dates on Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Gyawali Pawan , Gyawali Pankaj , Adhikari Bishnu Bilas , Katuwal Dharma Raj
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm of Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur to evaluate the effect of sowing dates and seed rates on yield and yield attributes of wheat. The experiment was laid in a split-plot design with three replications treated with 4 sowing dates as the main plot factor (12th Nov, 27th Nov, 12th Dec, and 27th Dec) and 4 seed rates as subplot factor (100 kg ha-1, 120 kg ha-1, 140 kg ha-1 and 160 kg ha-1). Results revealed that the leaf area index was significantly affected by sowing dates and was comparatively superior in 2nd sowing date (27th Nov) wheat. Similarly, in the case of seed rates, the leaf area index was influenced significantly and was recorded to be increasing with an increase in seed rates. Phenological parameters like days to 50% heading, flowering, and maturity were observed maximum (116, 123, and 179 days, respectively) in early sown wheat and reduced with the subsequent delay in sowing. Maximum values of yield and yield attributes like effective tillers per meter square (635.6), spike length (9.56 cm), grains per spike (41.49), grain yield (7.59 Mt ha-1), and straw yield (9.58 Mt ha-1) were observed in the wheat sown in 2nd date (on 27th Nov) which differed significantly to wheat sown on other dates. Seed rates had no significant influence on grain yield and yield attributes. Thousand-grain weight was found maximum (46.26 g) in early sown wheat (on 12th Nov sown wheat, reduced with the subsequent delay in sowing, and the harvest index was observed as maximum (0.51) under December 27 sown wheat. Though the yield and its attributes were not influenced significantly by seed rate, the maximum yield (6.18 Mt ha-1) was observed in wheat sown at the rate of 120 kg ha-1. Considering seed yield and its parameters, 2nd date of sowing wheat (27th Nov) and seed rate of 100 kg ha-1 could be the best option to uplift the productivity of wheat in rainfed lowland conditions of Lalitpur, Nepal.
Breeding of some cucumber hybrids according to some water stress criteria under plastic houses conditions
Authors: Alabdaly Maath M. M. , Gar Laith Farhan
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted at the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar during three agricultural seasons, the autumn of 2021 and the spring and autumn of 2022, with the aim of producing F1 hybrids of cucumbers for greenhouses that are resistant to drought stress. Four Gynoecious lines were used, which were planted in the autumn season 2021, and 12 reciprocal and reverse hybrids were produced by full Diallel-crosses, and then planted in the spring season 2022 for the purpose of performance evaluation. Three hybrids were selected that were superior in characteristics of growth and yield with the best parents and a certified hybrid for comparison (Kanz) planted in the autumn season 2022 in an experiment carried out within the design of split plots with two factors according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three replications. The first factor included 6 genotypes and the second factor included two levels of moisture depletion at 25% and 50% of the available water calculated on the weight method, and the results were as follows. The results of evaluating the performance of the produced combinations showed the superiority of three hybrids, 4×1, 4×3, and 1×4, as they recorded distinct yields of 4.97, 4.38, and 4.20 kg plant-1 respectively. The same hybrids recorded a significant positive hybrid vigor of 34.84%, 18.91% and 14.03%, respectively. The same hybrids were introduced into the third season experiment with the two best parents, 4 and 1, and it appeared that the 4×1 hybrid excelled in plant yield, amounting to 4.06 kg plant-1, and recorded the best values in all studied stress tolerance criteria, as it reached 4.06 and 4.05 in MP and GMP criteria respectively, and in SSI, YR and TOL criteria, it recorded values of 0.70, 0.10 and 0.42, respectively, and in STI, HM, YI, and DI criteria, values of 1.22, 4.05, 1.22, and 0.94, respectively while the parent P1 recorded the lowest values in stress tolerance criteria. From study concluded that the differences in the chemical responses and the amount of production of cucumber, due to the genetic variation of the genotypes under study. Three locally produced hybrids achieved superiority in yield during high moisture depletion. We recommend preserving parents 1 and 4 due to their distinctiveness and using them to produce distinctive hybrids.
Foreign trade of the USSR in agricultural products in the period 1941-1945
Authors: Chistyakov Yurii Federovich
Published: December 2023

The object of the study is the import and export supplies of food products, agricultural raw materials and live animals to the USSR during the Great Patriotic War, the War with Japan and until the end of 1945. The subject of the study is the dynamics, trends and patterns of changes in the volume and structure of import and export of various types of agricultural products into the country and changes in the ratio of various supply channels of these products. The main content of the study is the creation of a statistical database based on a number of archival statistical sources containing data on agricultural imports and exports for the specified period and the analysis of this database. The article provides a brief description of the research on the topic of the work and an analysis of archival sources. When creating a statistical database containing data on the natural volumes of imports and exports of agricultural products, methods of historical, source-based and statistical analysis were used. As a result of reviewing the created statistical sample with data on agricultural imports and exports of the country, the following results were obtained containing elements of scientific novelty: 1. The characteristics of agricultural imports are more complete than in most previous studies. 2. The characteristics of the export of agricultural products for these years are given, which is absent in most previous studies. 3. In connection with the above, a more accurate description of the trends in the characteristics of imports and exports of agricultural raw materials and food during the years of the Great Patriotic War and the War with Japan is given, and the share of imports of a number of types of agricultural products in the total domestic production is calculated in a new way.
INVESTIGATION OF THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF “KARANAHAN” TECHNOLOGY AND IN SITU VACCINATION COMBINED INTO ONE THERAPEUTIC REGIMEN
Authors:   Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Ruzanova V.S.
Published: December 2023

The work investigates the possibility of combining several antitumor technologies into a single therapeutic platform for the treatment of malignant neoplasms. It is based on the “Karanahan” technology, which results in the eradication of stem initiating tumor cells. In situ vaccination was chosen as a synergistic technology, which is a procedure for activating immunity with local injections of agents.
SAMPLE PREPARATION OF A RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATHOGENESIS FOR STRUCTURAL STUDIES USING CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Safronova N.A. , Kurkin T.S. , Shevtsov M.B. , Sadova A.A. , Zagryadskaya Yu.A. , Okhrimenko I.S. , Borshchevskiy V.I. , Mishin A.V.
Published: December 2023

In this work, we study the GPCR class A receptor (rhodopsin-like) which is phylogenetically close to cysteinyl leukotriene and purine receptors. It is expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and regulates formation of the myelin sheath of neurons. To determine the structure of this receptor by cryoelectron microscopy, we created a stable and monomeric protein sample.
EFFECT OF TNF GENE KNOCKOUT ON BEHAVIOR, BDNF EXPRESSION, AND BRAIN SEROTONIN SYSTEM DURING LONG-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF DEXAMETHASONE
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Skotnikova A.K. , Adonina S.N. , Moskaliuk V.S. , Kulikova E.A. , Bazovkina D.V. ,   Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk
Published: December 2023

In TNF KO mice, long-term administration of dexamethasone resulted in an increase in Bdnf gene expression in the hippocampus and proBDNF levels in the frontal cortex, as well as a decrease in motor activity, an increase in depression-like behavior and anxiety. In WT mice dexamethasone administration resulted in cognitive impairment along with an increase in proBDNF levels in the frontal cortex
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF SNPS ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE VIRAL RESPIRATORY DISEASES AND LOCATED IN THE REGULATORY REGIONS OF ANTIVIRAL IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES
Authors:   Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Uvarova A.N. , Tkachenko E.A. , Korneev K.V. , Kuprash D.V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow
Published: December 2023

We investigated the regulatory regions of the CD55, LGALS1, and IFNAR2 genes in cell models of human macrophages and B-cells and analyzed several SNPs located in the regulatory regions of these genes and associated with severe COVID-19 or flu. In the course of this work, we characterized the IFNAR2 gene enhancer and performed functional annotation of several SNPs in the CD55 and LGALS1 promoters.