bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electroanatomic mapping reconstruction with photogrammetry across different mapping systems
Authors: Talevi Giacomo , Pannone Luigi , Della Rocca Domenico Giovanni , Sorgente Antonio , Kronenberger Rani , Overeinder Ingrid , Bala Gezim , Almorad Alexandre , Ströker Erwin , Sieira Juan , La Meir Mark , Sarkozy Andrea , Brugada Pedro , Chierchia Gian Battista , Gharaviri Ali , de Asmundis Carlo
Published: February 2025

Background

Automatic digital photogrammetry produces digital reproductions of objects using photographs. The aim of this study is to analyze feasibility of photogrammetry for electroanatomic map (EAM) reconstruction from different mapping systems. Furthermore, the possibility to import the reconstructed EAMs in a common working space is evaluated.

Methods

All consecutive patients undergoing EAM with one of the following EAM systems were screened for the study: (1) CARTO™; (2) Ensite™ X; (3) Rhythmia™; (4) Affera™ PRISM-3. All patient geometries were reconstructed from a video acquisition within the source EAM software. The video obtained was processed with Zephyr software and a dense point cloud was obtained. An image or sequence of images was selected to build a 3D mesh. At the end, the mesh was imported in the 3D graphics software Blender.

Result

A total of 24 EAMs from 24 patients were included in the study. All EAMs were reconstructed with success using photogrammetry from all 4 mapping systems assessed. The process time was ≈ 25 min. In particular, EAMs were as follows: left atrium (2 Carto; 2 Ensite; 5 Rhythmia; 2 Affera), right atrium (1 Carto; 6 Ensite; 3 Affera) and left ventricles (1 Carto; 2 Ensite). All the reconstructed EAMs were imported in Blender with success. They could be visualized in Blender and all the operations were allowed including moving EAMs in a common working space and EAMs overlap.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated for the first time the possibility of realizing 3-D objects from digital video formats of different EAMs.
Case Report: Complete response to four cycles of camrelizumab in a PD-L1 negative patient with advanced oral squamous cancer
Authors: He Jianqiao , Yu Guoning , Ma Yi , Shi Xiaoqiong , Gao Yingna , Zheng Hongliang , Zhu Minhui , Zhang Caiyun
Published: February 2025

Immunotherapy has brought better survival benefits in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). However, owing to the lack of relevant biomarkers that could predict the efficacy of this treatment, it often has to be maintained. Here we report on a patient with stage IVA squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who developed an unresectable lesion in the neck after surgery and radical chemoradiotherapy. After four cycles of intermittent immunotherapy with camrelizumab, complete response (CR) was achieved. Next-generation sequencing showed that the TP53/FANCA/FAT1 gene mutations and negative PD-L1 expression were involved. The patient has been followed up for 4 years without R/M. This situation has not been reported previously, suggesting that some patients can benefit from short-term immunotherapy and even achieve CR; moreover, there may be more molecular markers to be discovered that can predict the efficacy of immunotherapy. We can conduct in-depth research on relevant molecular markers, formulate personalized immunotherapy strategies and plans, and facilitate the development of new precision treatment strategies for HNSCC.
Bioinformatics analysis reveals novel tumor antigens and immune subtypes of skin cutaneous melanoma contributing to mRNA vaccine development
Authors: Yang Ronghua , He Jia , Kang Deni , Chen Yao , Huang Jie , Li Jiehua , Wang Xinyi , Zhou Sitong
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a common malignant skin cancer with high mortality and recurrence rates. Although the mRNA vaccine is a promising strategy for cancer treatment, its application against SKCM remains confusing. In this study, we employed computational bioinformatics analysis to explore SKCM-associated antigens for an mRNA vaccine and suitable populations for vaccination.

Methods

Gene expression and clinical data were retrieved from GEO and TCGA. The differential expression levels and prognostic index of selected antigens were computed via GEPIA2,while genetic alterations were analyzed using cBioPortal. TIMER was utilized to assess the correlation between antigen-presenting cell infiltration and antigen. Consensus clustering identified immune subtypes, and immune characteristics were evaluated across subtypes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify modules of immune-related genes.

Results

We discovered five tumor antigens (P2RY6, PLA2G2D, RBM47, SEL1L3, and SPIB) that are significantly increased and mutated, which correlate with the survival of patients and the presence of immune cells that present these antigens. Our analysis revealed two distinct immune subtypes among the SKCM samples. Immune subtype 1 was associated with poorer clinical outcomes and exhibited low levels of immune activity, characterized by fewer mutations and lower immune cell infiltration. In contrast, immune subtype 2 showed higher immune activity and better patient outcomes. Subsequently, the immune landscape of SKCM exhibited immune heterogeneity among patients, and a key gene module that is enriched in immune-related pathways was identified.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the identified tumor antigens could serve as valuable targets for developing mRNA vaccines against SKCM, particularly for patients in immune subtype 1. This research provides valuable insights into personalized immunotherapy approaches for this challenging cancer and highlights the advantages of bioinformatics in identifying immune targets and optimizing treatment approaches.
Drivers and consequences of degradation in tropical reef island ecosystems: strategies for restoration and conservation
Authors: Najeeb Saba , Khan Raja Asad Ali , Deng Xiao , Wu Chunyuan
Published: February 2025

Rising sea levels are threatening the Reef Islands, which have restricted areas that too just a few meters above sea level, besides the global and local anthropogenic strains including devastative methods used for fishing and pollution that impact the majority of the tropical coastal areas as well as the encircling reef ecosystems that are the only sediment sources required for sustenance of these islands. The carbonate skeletal of the sediments is potentially changed due to these strains jeopardizing the physical existence of reef islands through enhanced coral mortality and producing a shift of macro algal supremacy over the corals. Further decline of these vital ecosystems can be stopped by addressing the primary causes of the destructing, enforcing the potential therapeutic and conservative measures, and promoting the stakeholder’s cooperation.
First documentation of population dynamics and reproductive biology of big-scale sand smelt, A. boyeri Risso, 1810 in the coastal waters of the Southeast Caspian Sea- Northern Iran
Authors: Hajiradkouchak Eisa , Rahnama Behzad , Fazli Hasan
Published: February 2025

Introduction

To effectively manage fish stocks, evaluating various aspects of population dynamics is considered crucial. Understanding invasive species is essential for conservation efforts. This study represents the first documentation of population parameters.

Methods

For this purpose, the population dynamics parameters, including growth, mortality, and recruitment of A. boyeri, found in the Coastal Waters of the southeast Caspian Sea of Northern Iran, were analyzed using FiSAT II software.

Result

The analyzed specimens were sampled with a total weight range of 1.2 to 12.51 g and a total length range of 60 to 125 mm. The population has a 5-year life cycle. The length-weight relationship was estimated as W=0.0055 L3.0774 for males and W= 0.0083 L2.9185 for females. The slope value (b) of the length-weight relationships obtained for A. boyeri were between 2.69-3.13 with an average value of 2.91. While populations of A. boyeri showed negative allometric growth patterns, the males of exhibited positive allometric growth patterns, whereas the females had negative allometric growth patterns. The von Bertalanffy growth function fitted to back-calculated size at age data was: Lt = 126.5 [1- exp - 0.34(t + 0.234)] and Lt =131.3[1-exp- 0.35(t + 0.374)] for males and females respectively. The average relative condition factor was reported to be 0.62 and 0.79 for males and females respectively. The growth performance index (∅’) was reported to be 1.74 and 2.10 for males and females respectively. The total mortality of 1.73 year–1, consisting of natural mortality of 1.38 year–1 and fishing mortality of 0.35 year–1 and 1.21 year–1, consisting of natural mortality of 0.90 year–1 and fishing mortality of 0.31 year–1 was reported for males and females respectively. An exploitation rate of 0.20 and 0.26 for males and females respectively, is suggestive of a less exploited state of the fish. For both sexes, the length at first maturity was found to be higher than the length at first capture, a condition that can disturb the stock, as such the utility of a net with a relatively larger mesh size is advisable. The sex ratio was 1:1.34 in favor of females. For both sexes, the reproductive season, evaluated from GSI, extended from March to June, with a peak in April. The average absolute and relative fecundities were 2865 eggs and 684 eggs g-1 of body weight respectively. The diameter of oocytes ranged from 0.028 to 0.25 mm with a mean value of 0.54.

Discussion

The life-history patterns of A. boyeri in the population under study imply that the population of this species in the southeast Caspian Sea differs markedly from those of other localities of its range distribution. The differences were thought to be due to differences in geographical locations. The current research on the population dynamics of A. boyeri can be used as the baseline data for its management stocks.
Visual acuities as measured with an automatic intelligent visual acuity chart projector and standard logarithmic visual acuity chart: a prospective comparative study
Authors: Luo Mingyue , Liu Xinyu , Zhang Dingding , Chen Youxin , Kang Weijuan
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to test the repeatability of visual acuity (VA) measurement using an novel intelligent projector visual acuity (IP) chart (LSJ-IVAC-6000A, Hunan Liangshi Jia Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) and the consistency of VA measurement between the IP chart and the 5 m standard logarithmic visual acuity (SL) chart (GB11533-2011).

Methods

In this prospective comparative study, 53 subjects were included to test the internal repeatability of the IP chart. Both eyes of the subjects were tested three times, with a minimum interval of 10 min. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the repeatability. One hundred subjects were included to test the consistency between two charts. Both eyes of the subjects were tested with two charts in random order with an interval of 10 min for each test. ICC and the Bland–Altman statistical analyses were used to analyze the consistency of the two charts. VA values were expressed by the logMAR recording method. The time consumption for each test was recorded in seconds.

Results

In the repeatability analysis, the ICC values of the right and left eye were 0.968 (95% CI, 0.950–0.981, p < 0.001) and 0.964 (95% CI, 0.944–0.978, p < 0.001), respectively. In the consistency analysis, the ICC values of the right and left eye were 0.946 (95% CI, 0.919–0.963, p < 0.001) and 0.817 (95% CI, 0.727–0.877, p < 0.001), respectively. However, the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of the differences in the VA measurements between the IP and SL chart for the right and left eye were −0.26 to 0.31 and −0.34 to 0.39, respectively, suggesting a certain degree of instability in the measurements of the SL chart. There was no significant difference in the time consumption of VA measurements between the two charts (p = 0.668). In the consistency analysis of subgroups by age, the ICC values were >0.8 (p < 0.001) in the most groups except for the left eyes of 51–70 years old subgroup which had an ICC value of 0.448 (95% CI, −0.919 to 0.841, p = 0.17), with 95% LoA of −1.02 to 0.77.

Conclusion

The IP chart demonstrated good repeatability and overall consistency with the SL chart.
Role of environmental pollutants-induced ferroptosis in pulmonary diseases
Authors: Yang Long , Qiao Yongkang , Huang Zeyu , Chen Yuzhu , Zhang Enxi , Liu Zhiwei , Wang Yuxuan , Chen Shaobo , Dong Jinrui , Liu Bin
Published: February 2025

Respiratory diseases rank among the foremost causes of mortality and disability globally, with long-term exposure to environmental pollutants playing a critical role in their onset and progression. Despite this, the underlying mechanisms and effective targeted treatments for these disorders remain poorly understood, highlighting an urgent need for focused research. Cell death, a programmed cellular response to external harmful stimuli, including ferroptosis—a recently identified form of iron-dependent programmed cell death—emerges as a pivotal process. Characterized by intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis appears intricately linked to lung injury induced by environmental pollutants. This review examines the role of ferroptosis in lung diseases triggered by environmental factors, aiming to shed light on its specific pathophysiological mechanisms and potential as a therapeutic target. By deepening our understanding of the interactions between environmental pollution, ferroptosis, and lung damage, we hope to inform strategies for effective intervention.
Integrating computational insights in gold nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery: enhancing efficacy and precision
Authors: Alalmaie Amnah , Alshahrani Huda Turki , Alqahtani Manar , Alshahrani Zeyad , Alahmari Shahad , Asiri Asilah , Alqadi Bandar , Alshahrani Abdulrahman , Alshahrani Safar , Akhter Md Habban
Published: February 2025

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as a versatile platform in biomedical applications, particularly in drug delivery, cancer therapy, and diagnostics, due to their unique physicochemical properties. This review focuses on the integration of computational methods and artificial intelligence (AI) with nanotechnology to optimize AuNP-based therapies. Computational modeling is essential for understanding the interactions between AuNPs and biological molecules, guiding nanoparticle design for improved targeting, stability, and therapeutic efficacy. Recent advancements, including AI-driven models in precision cancer therapy and the combination of AuNPs with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to combat drug-resistant pathogens, are highlighted. The review also discusses challenges such as toxicity, targeting efficiency, and the need for scalable synthesis, alongside the limitations of computational modeling in capturing complex biological environments. Emphasizing the importance of ongoing research and interdisciplinary collaboration, this review underscores the potential of integrating computational insights with AuNP technology to enhance the precision, safety, and effectiveness of therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.
Changes in the blood cyclosporine level after switching from voriconazole to isavuconazole in a patient with aplastic anemia: insights from physiologically based pharmacokinetic model simulation and the Adverse Event Reporting System database study
Authors: Shiraishi Chihiro , Kato Hideo , Ino Kazuko , Iwamoto Takuya
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Isavuconazole, a broad-spectrum triazole approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2015, moderately inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4. Although antifungal agents are often used concomitantly with cyclosporine, the effect of switching from voriconazole to isavuconazole on the blood cyclosporine level remains unclear.

Case

A 63-year-old Japanese male was administered oral cyclosporine (10:00 and 21:00) for severe aplastic anemia. Following pneumonia with positive Aspergillus antigen and an elevated β-D-glucan level, antifungal therapy was initiated. After switching from voriconazole (10:00 and 21:00) to isavuconazole (approximately 08:00), the blood cyclosporine level decreased by more than half. Although the blood cyclosporine level decreased after switching to isavuconazole, the dose of cyclosporine was not increased because of its possible effect on renal function. Considering the inhibitory effects on the gastrointestinal tract, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic analysis estimated that isavuconazole increased the area under the curve (AUC) and Cmax of cyclosporine by 1.48-fold and 1.84-fold, respectively, although assuming no change in gastrointestinal metabolism, these effects were minimal. For interaction with voriconazole considering gastrointestinal metabolism, the predicted increases in AUC and Cmax were 3.74-fold and 3.86-fold, respectively. The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database included 9,144 reports on cyclosporine and 174 on cyclosporine with voriconazole, but none concomitant with isavuconazole. The reporting odds ratios for cyclosporine and isavuconazole could not be assessed because of insufficient reports.

Conclusion

The interaction of isavuconazole with cyclosporine was weaker than that with voriconazole. Maintaining a two-hour dosing interval between isavuconazole and cyclosporine may minimize gastrointestinal drug interactions.
The landscape of biofilm models for phage therapy: mimicking biofilms in diabetic foot ulcers using 3D models
Authors: Martinet Mark Grevsen , Thomas Marvin , Bojunga Jörg , Pletz Mathias W. , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Würstle Silvia
Published: February 2025

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) affect up to 15–25% of patients suffering from diabetes and are considered a global health concern. These ulcers may result in delayed wound healing and chronic infections, with the potential to lead to amputations. It has been estimated that 85% of diabetes-related amputations are preceded by a diagnosis of DFU. A critical factor in the persistence of this disease is the presence of polymicrobial biofilms, which generally include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The involvement of diabetic comorbidities such as ischemia, hyperglycemia, and immune-compromised status creates a perfect niche for these bacteria to evade the body’s immune response and persist as biofilms. Bacteriophage therapy can target and lyse specific bacteria and is emerging as an effective treatment for biofilm-related infections. While this treatment shows promise in addressing chronic wounds, our current models, including animal and static systems, fail to capture the full complexity of DFU. Innovative approaches such as 3D bioengineered skin models, organoid models, and hydrogel-based systems are being developed to simulate DFU microenvironments more accurately in 3D without using ex vivo or animal tissues. These advanced models are critical for evaluating bacteriophage efficacy in biofilm-associated DFU, aiming to enhance preclinical assessments and improve therapeutic outcomes for DFU patients.
Long-term straw return with moderate nitrogen levels reshapes soil bacterial communities in a vertisol
Authors: Guo Zichun , Qian Rui , Li Wei , Ding Tianyu , Gao Lei , Peng Xinhua
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Incorporating straw into the soil is a sustainable practice that can mitigate some of the adverse effects of excessive N fertilization on soil structure degradation and microbial diversity reduction.

Methods

This objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of straw management (straw return and straw removal) and N fertilization (0, 360, 450, 540, 630, and 720 kg N ha−1 yr.−1) on crop yields, soil properties, and soil microbial communities in a long-term wheat-maize cropping system.

Results and discussion

The results showed that moderate N application (N450–N540) with straw return optimized wheat (283.5 kg ha−1) and maize (346.5 kg ha−1) yields, whereas higher N fertilization (N630, N720) led to soil acidification (pH decline of 0.51–1.67 units), irrespective of straw management. Straw return increased soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate (NO3−-N), and available potassium (AK), but decreased ammonium (NH4+-N). Bacterial diversity increased at moderate N rates but decreased at higher N rates. Fungal diversity was generally higher under straw removal, with Chaetomiaceae increasing under straw return, whereas Mortierellaceae and Trichocomaceae declined at high N levels. The Mantel test showed a strong correlation between soil pH and bacterial diversity, while fungal composition was influenced by SOC, TN, and NO3−-N. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) demonstrated that N fertilization directly and indirectly increased wheat yield through improved soil properties, while straw return enhanced bacterial diversity, indirectly supported wheat yield. This study highlights the importance of balanced N fertilization and straw incorporation in maintaining bacterial community structure, fertility, and long-term crop productivity in intensive cropping systems on Vertisol.
Impact of alpha-damage and helium production on the heat capacity of actinide oxides
Authors: Wiss Thierry , Konings Rudy J. M. , Staicu Dragos , Benedetti Alessandro , Colle Jean-Yves , Rondinella Vincenzo V. , Maugeri Emilio , Talip Zeynep , Janssen Arne , Dieste Oliver , Cognini Luana , De Bona Emanuele , Baldinozzi Gianguido , Guéneau Christine
Published: February 2025

The heat capacity of alpha-damaged uranium, plutonium, and americium mixed dioxide (Uu, Puv, Amw)O2±x samples was measured during thermal annealing. The excess of heat released was assessed and the recovery stages associated with various defects described by integrating results from transmission electron microscopy, helium desorption spectroscopy, thermal diffusivity, and XRD annealing studies. It is shown that different defect-annealing stages could be singled out. It could also be evidenced that the excess of energy stored in defects tends to saturate after rather low damage levels, but that, with increasing radiogenic helium production, another contribution of stored energy appears which can be attributed to the formation of He-defect complexes that cannot be annihilated until higher temperatures are reached.
Case Report: A case series on histiocytic sarcoma – various clinical features and patient outcomes
Authors: Nam Hohyung , Min Gi-June , Kim Tong Yoon , Jeon Youngwoo , Cho Seok-Goo
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare and aggressive hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis. HS can present with either isolated organ involvement or multi-systemic disease. This case series reports on nine patients with diverse clinical presentations and outcomes.

Methods

Diagnoses of HS were confirmed using immunohistochemistry, with markers such as CD68 and lysozyme. Treatment primarily involved anthracycline-based chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) consolidation, and with salvage therapies for resistant or relapsed cases including allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT).

Results

Despite intensive treatment, long-term remission was rare. Among the nine patients, three achieved complete remission but relapsed, three had stable disease, two experienced progressive disease, and one is under treatment. No patient maintained complete remission for at least three years, indicating the chemo-resistant nature of HS. Moreover, of three cases in our cohort that achieved complete remission, two declined auto-HSCT owing to the intensity of first-line chemotherapy, and one relapsed shortly after achieving remission. To overcome chemo-resistance, four patients underwent allo-HSCT, and two of them achieved long-term remission.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis and suggest potential benefits of either autologous or allogeneic transplantation, while emphasizing the need for further research on treatment protocols.
Engineered exosomes restore miR-508-5p expression in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma and reduce tumor progression and metastasis by targeting DLL3
Authors: Li Yue-Ying , Liu Hui , Feng Jia-Lu , Tian Wen-Yan , Du Juan , Zhang Li-Ping
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a growing global health concern. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving EC is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the roles of DLL3 and miR-508-5p in EC progression and explores a therapeutic approach using engineered exosomes to modulate their expression.

Methods

TCGA data were analyzed, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to assess DLL3 and miR-508-5p function, and bioinformatics was used to confirm their interaction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were engineered to produce miR-508-5p-overexpressing exosomes, and their therapeutic effects were tested in mouse models.

Results

Elevated DLL3 and downregulated miR-508-5p were observed in EC and correlated with poor outcomes. miR-508-5p directly targets DLL3. Engineered exosomes restored miR-508-5p, inhibited DLL3, and reduced tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models.

Discussion

The findings highlight the roles of DLL3 and miR-508-5p in EC. Targeting the miR-508-5p/DLL3 axis via exosome-mediated delivery represents a promising therapeutic strategy for EC.
Lysosome targeted therapies in hematological malignancies
Authors: Manivannan Madhumita S. , Peters Anthea , Gibson Spencer B.
Published: February 2025

Lysosomes are dynamic organelles integral to cellular homeostasis, secretory pathways, immune responses, and cell death regulation. In cancers, lysosomes become dysregulated to sustain proliferative signaling, metabolism, and invasion. In hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), leukemia cells demonstrate lysosome dysregulation with increased lysosomal activity, mTORC1 signaling, catabolic reactions, and autophagy. This supports the survival, metabolism, and proliferation of the leukemia cells. Lysosomes also play a critical role in treatment resistance by promoting cell survival and sequestration of drugs. This has led to the development of lysosome-targeted therapies such as cationic amphiphilic drugs (CAD), ATPase inhibitors or autophagy inhibitors to treat hematological malignancies. Lysosome-targeted treatments have shown effectiveness at inducing cell death by inhibiting cell survival mechanisms and inducing apoptosis. In addition, the combination of lysosome-targeted therapies with standard treatments gives synergistic apoptotic responses in leukemia cells. In this review, we will describe the lysosomal functions, their dysregulation in hematological malignancies and the development of lysosomal targeted therapies for leukemia treatment. By understanding lysosome dysregulation and developing lysosome-targeted agents, innovative treatment strategies could be effective in overcoming drug resistance in hematological malignancies.
The influence of genetic polymorphisms on cytokine profiles in pediatric COVID-19: a pilot study
Authors: Kozak Kateryna , Pavlyshyn Halyna , Kamyshnyi Oleksandr , Shevchuk Oksana , Korda Mykhaylo , Vari Sandor G.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Recent studies have underscored the importance of genetic factors in predicting COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. While cytokine storms are crucial in disease severity, genetic predisposition significantly influences immune responses. Our study examined genes related to SARS-CoV-2 invasion (ACE2 rs2074192) and interferon-induced immunity (IFNAR2 rs2236757, TYK2 rs2304256, OAS1 rs10774671, OAS3 rs10735079). Additionally, we investigated genes linked to Kawasaki disease (CD40 rs4813003, FCGR2A rs1801274, CASP3 rs113420705) that play roles in immunogenesis.

Methods

The pilot study, which involved 75 pediatric patients aged one month to 17 years [43 patients with active COVID-19, 17 children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and 15 healthy controls], was conducted in Ternopil, Ukraine. Gene polymorphism was studied for all patients. ELISA kits were used for interleukin studies, including Human IL-1β (Interleukin 1 Beta), Human IL-6 (Interleukin 6), Human IL-8 (Interleukin 8), Human IL-12 (Interleukin 12), Human IFN-α (Interferon Alpha), and Human TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 and GraphPad Prism 8.4.3.

Results

The analysis identified significant gene-cytokine associations in pediatric COVID-19 patients. The ACE2 rs2074192 T allele correlated with increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. The IFNAR2 rs2236757 A allele was linked to elevated IL-1β and IL-12 levels and low IFN-α levels, while OAS1 rs10774671 A allele carriers also exhibited lower IFN-α levels. OAS1 rs10774671 was prognostically crucial for determining IL-8 levels in children infected with SARS-CoV-2. OAS3 gene polymorphism rs10735079 was associated with changes in IL-6 levels, precisely a high level. The CD40 rs4813003 T allele increased IFN-α levels, while carriers of allele C had higher levels of IL-12. The results of our study revealed a correlation between IL-8 levels and the FCGR2A gene polymorphism rs1801274 (A/G). The CASP3 gene polymorphism rs113420705 led to an increase in IL-6.

Conclusion

These findings enhance our understanding of pediatric COVID-19 and may hold promise for developing targeted interventions and providing a personalized medical approach for each patient.
The effects of training intervention on the prevention of knee joint injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Gangbin , Zeng Sai , Li Tiangeng , Guo Liang , Li Ling
Published: February 2025

Objective

To evaluate the impact of neuromuscular, core strength, balance, and proprioceptive training on preventing knee injuries in young athletes, to identify optimal intervention characteristics.

Methods

This review followed the 2020 guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A systematic search of English and Chinese literature in databases included PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, CNKI, and Wanfang, covering studies published from January 1, 2000, to 12 April 2024. Inclusion criteria targeted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on training interventions aimed at knee injury prevention among young athletes. The analysis used a random-effects model to pool data from studies meeting our criteria, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of intervention effectiveness.

Results

A total of 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 28,176 subjects were included. The meta-analysis showed that training intervention programs reduced the risk of lower extremity knee injuries by 25% (RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.65–0.85). The most notable effects were observed in intervention with exercise duration of 5–15 min, frequencies of 4–5 times per week, and program lengths exceeding 26 weeks.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the effectiveness of specific training interventions in reducing knee injury risk among athletes. These insights provide a clear framework for designing training routines that effectively prevent knee injuries.
Embodiment and simulated interaction in online stance expression
Authors: Dancygier Barbara , Vandelanotte Lieven
Published: February 2025

The expression and exchange of stance drives much social media discourse, including internet memes. We demonstrate how, even in the absence of actual face-to-face communication, online discourse and memes rely on the dynamics of embodiment and dialogue in comparable ways, while also developing specific constructional forms for this with no direct face-to-face equivalent. We introduce the notion of simulated interaction to refer to the combinations of embodied expression, images, and the structures of (apparent) quotation and dialogue allowing online communicators to vividly represent experience and signal stance.
A taxonomy of athletic values and implications for clinical practice
Authors: Collins Jordan , Merz Zachary C. , Gfeller Jeffrey D. , Ross Michael
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The current study surveyed collegiate student-athletes regarding their perceived level of importance surrounding 30 previously derived and empirically obtained athletic values to improve viability of sport psychological practices.

Methods

A total of 162 student-athletes enrolled in a private Midwestern NCAA Division 1 university within the United States of America completed tasks asking them to sort and rate utilized values based upon perceived importance surrounding athletic performance and sustained excellence.

Results

Results revealed a hierarchy of athletic values, favoring intrinsic values, useable when emphasizing the importance of value-driven behavior in applied sport psychological practices. Minimal differences were seen across gender, ethnicity, sport classification, and other comparative groups.

Discussion

Current results may help inform sport psychological practice while working within value-based frameworks.
Problematic online behaviors and their early patterns of co-occurrence in young adults: insights from directed and undirected networks
Authors: Błoch Marta , Misiak Błażej
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The study aimed to identify early patterns of clustering within problematic online behaviors (POBs), their dynamics, and associations with several domains of psychopathology in young adults without a history of psychiatric treatment.

Methods

Participants (n = 1441, aged 29.5 ± 6.3 years, 51.4% females) completed self-report measures recording the level of various POBs and several domains of psychopathology. Various approaches were used to analyze the data, including a principal component analysis together with the analysis of partial correlation networks (undirected associations) and Bayesian networks (directed associations).

Results

Three distinct communities of variables were identified, including two communities of POBs (the first one: problematic use of social networking, problematic online shopping, and cyberchondria; the second one: problematic online gaming and gambling, cybersex) and one community of psychopathology. However, correlations between specific POBs were small to moderate. Problematic use of social networking sites, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms, and problematic online gaming were found to be the bridge nodes. However, OCD symptoms were most likely to predict other POBs (all POBs except for cybersex). In turn, problematic use of social networking sites predicted the greatest number of other POBs (cyberchondria, gaming, and gambling).

Discussion

These findings suggest that POBs tend to cluster into specific comorbidity patterns while remaining distinct entities. The symptoms of OCD are most likely to trigger the occurrence of POBs. Among POBs, problematic use of social networking sites might be most likely to predict the emergence of other POBs.
A machine learning analysis of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among U.S. youth and young adults from multilevel, longitudinal survey data
Authors: Jacobs Molly M. , Kirby Anne V. , Kramer Jessica M. , Marlow Nicole M.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To investigate individual, interpersonal, health system, and community factors associated with suicidal ideation (SI) and attempts (SA).

Methods

Utilizing nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (7th-12th graders in 1994-95 followed >20 years until 2016-18, N=18,375), least absolute shrinkage selector operator (LASSO) regression determined multilevel predictors of SA and SI. Models comprised full and diagnosis subgroups (ADD/ADHD, depression, PTSD, anxiety, learning disabilities [LD]).

Results

Approximately 2.48% and 8.97% reported SA and SI, respectively. Over 25% had depression, and 20.98% anxiety, 6.42% PTSD, 4.55% ADD/ADHD, and 2.50% LD. LASSO regression identified 20 and 21 factors associated with SA and SI. Individual-level factors associated with SI and SA included educational attainment, substance use, ADD/ADHD, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Interpersonal-level factors included social support, household size, and parental education, while health system-level factors comprised health care receipt, health insurance, and counseling. The strongest associations were among individual-level factors followed by interpersonal and health system factors.

Conclusions

The distinct factors associated with SI and SA across diagnostic subgroups highlight the importance of targeted, subgroup-specific suicide prevention interventions. These findings emphasize the value of precise, data-driven approaches for suicide prevention among diverse populations and individuals with disabilities across the life-course.
Design of an ultrasound appointment system based on a patient-centered real-time dynamic resource allocation strategy
Authors: Zhang Yong , Luo Yan , Qiu Li , Zhu Ying , Lu Xiao
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The existing ultrasound appointment system faces multiple challenges, including a lack of diversity in its operation modes, sluggish efficiency, and limited flexibility. During emergency situations, such as disease outbreaks or severe disaster events, the demand for ultrasound examinations skyrockets, making it imperative to offer patients efficient and user-friendly ultrasound appointment services.

Methods

This study introduces the application of a patient-centered real-time dynamic resource allocation strategy in an ultrasound appointment system. This strategy focuses on the demand of patients, builds a multichannel and multimode ultrasound appointment system, and opens sets of parameters related to ultrasound appointments, such as examination room attributes, workload adjustments, and mutually exclusive rules of medical orders. The system can display patient appointment data in real time and carry out statistical analysis, and medical resources can be flexibly configured according to the patient appointment situation to fully meet the needs of patients. Moreover, the system interconnects the appointment data with the registration system and the examination room examination list to further optimize the medical service process.

Results

Data such as the proportion of appointment channels, appointment time, and the quality and efficiency of ultrasound examinations before and after the introduction of the appointment system were compared and analyzed. According to the statistics, the proportion of online bookings increased from 0% to 81.42%. The average appointment times of general ultrasound examination and specialist ultrasound examination were reduced by 90.7% and 78.86%, respectively. The appointment staff was saved by 4 people, the average waiting time of patients in the examination area was reduced from 42 min to 11 min, and the number of ultrasound examinations was increased by 11.5%, while the number of error reports was also significantly reduced.

Discussion

The results show that the application of this strategy in an ultrasound appointment system is feasible and efficient. Patients can participate more in the entire process of ultrasound appointment and examination, obtain reliable ultrasound medical services faster and more efficiently, improve the diagnosis and treatment environment and order of the hospital, and optimize the medical service process.
Spatial variation and predictors of anemia among women of reproductive age in Mozambique, 2022/23: a multiscale geographically weighted regression
Authors: Gebrehana Deresse Abebe , Tamir Tadesse Tarik , Molla Gebretsadik Endeshaw , Kebede Yishak , Tegegne Dejen , Nigatu Solomon Gedlu , Nigatu Araya Mesfin
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Anemia is a critical global public health issue, especially among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in low- and middle-income countries. Mozambique has the highest prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age in Sub Saharan Africa in 2019. This study aims to assess the spatial variation and predictors of anemia among women of reproductive age in Mozambique.

Methods

Individual record and spatial coordinates data from the Mozambique Demographic and Health Survey (DHS 2022/23) were used. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling method was applied. Global autocorrelation analysis was performed to determine clustering of anemia. A weighted sample of 5,907 women of reproductive age was analyzed using ArcGIS 10.7. Multiscale geographically weighted regression was employed to identify predictors of anemia.

Results

The national prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age in Mozambique was 51.89% (95% CI: 50.66, 53.12%). Higher rates were observed in Nampula, Zambezia, and Sofala. Unimproved drinking water, pregnancy, and being underweight were positively correlated with anemia, while contraceptive use and obesity were negatively correlated. Geographic variability in these associations was evident (Global Moran’s I = 0.0.444359 and p < 0.001). Anemia was the highest in Tete and Manica due to unimproved drinking water the effect of pregnancy on anemia was significant in Manica and Sofala. Being underweight was strongly related to anemia in Niassa. Conversely, contraceptive use and obesity had a protective effect in Nampula, Zambezia, Niassa, and Cabo Delgado.

Conclusion

Anemia remains a critical public health issue among women of reproductive age in Mozambique, with marked regional disparities. Hotspot clusters were identified in Nampula, Zambezia, Tete, and Sofala. Factors such as unimproved drinking water, pregnancy, and being underweight were associated with higher anemia rates in certain regions, while obesity and contraceptive use indicated a protective effect in specific provinces. To effectively combat anemia, policymakers should focus on improving access to clean water and maternal health services, and enhancing nutritional support through the USAID Advancing Nutrition Project, the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Integrated Community Case Management, and Supervised Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation.
Transfer learning for predicting of gross domestic product growth based on remittance inflows using RNN-LSTM hybrid model: a case study of The Gambia
Authors: Jallow Haruna , Mwangi Ronald Waweru , Gibba Alieu , Imboga Herbert
Published: February 2025

Insights into the magnitude and performance of an economy are crucial, with the growth rate of real GDP frequently used as a key indicator of economic health, highlighting the importance of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Additionally, remittances have drawn considerable global interest in recent years, particularly in The Gambia. This study introduces an innovative model, a hybrid of recurrent neural network and long-short-term memory (RNN-LSTM), to predict GDP growth based on remittance inflows in The Gambia. The model integrates data sourced both from the World Bank Development Indicators and the Central Bank of The Gambia (1966–2022). Pearson’s correlation was applied to detect and choose the variables that exhibit the strongest relationship with GDP and remittances. Furthermore, a parameter transfer learning technique was employed to enhance the model’s predictive accuracy. The hyperparameters of the model were fine-tuned through a random search process, and its effectiveness was assessed using RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and R2 metrics. The research results show, first, that it has good generalization capacity, with stable applicability in predicting GDP growth based on remittance inflows. Second, as compared to standalone models the suggested model surpassed in term of predicting accuracy attained the highest R2 score of 91.285%. Third, the predicted outcomes further demonstrated a strong and positive relationship between remittances and short-term economic growth. This paper addresses a critical research gap by employing artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to forecast GDP based on remittance inflows.
Exploring adolescents' mental health in Kampala, Uganda in the context of COVID-19: a mixed methods study
Authors: Mbithi Gideon , Sarki Ahmed , Mabrouk Adam , Odhiambo Rachel , Namuguzi Mary , Atukwatse Joseph , Kabue Margaret , Mulupi Stephen , Abubakar Amina
Published: February 2025

Background

Urban areas, particularly in developing nations like Uganda, face heightened risks due to poverty, unemployment, and environmental challenges, intensifying the vulnerability of urban youth to poor mental health. This study aims to determine the psychological well-being of adolescents and to assess the risks and associated factors of mental health problems among adolescents in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in Kampala City, Uganda.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 500 adolescents aged 13–19 years residing within the five divisions of Kampala City, Uganda. We utilized standardized psychological assessment tools including the Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Scale, to assess severity of depression and anxiety levels among the adolescents. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the correlates associated with depression and generalized anxiety disorders. Variables with a p-value <0.25 in the univariate model were included in the multivariable regression model. Subsequently, we conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interview guides through focused group discussions, and key informant interviews with teachers, parents, representatives of civil society organizations, and religious leaders. Qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.

Results

The prevalence of depression was relatively higher among out-of-school adolescents at 21.5% compared to school-going adolescents at 14.0%. Furthermore, out-of-school adolescents had significantly higher anxiety scores when compared to their school-going counterparts (17.5% vs. 10.3%) respectively. Key factors identified associated with poor mental health include loneliness, being out of school, COVID-19, and familial conflicts.

Discussion

This study highlights the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being of adolescents in Kampala, Uganda. The reported prevalence of depression and anxiety, particularly among out-of-school adolescents, underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions in this vulnerable population. Investing in the mental well-being of Ugandan adolescents is paramount for fostering resilience and ensuring long-term success, especially in marginalized urban settings.