bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malignant obstructive jaundice: justification of the method of biliary decompression
Authors: Romashchenko P. N. , Maistrenko N. A. , Kuznetsov A. I. , Pryadko A. S. , Filin A. A. , Aliev A. K. , Zherebtsov E. S.
Published: June 2020

Aim. To show the optimal algorithm of diagnostic and treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice, which allows to increase the effectiveness of primary surgery, reducing the number of complications and mortality in the operated patients.

Materials and methods. The results of examination and surgical treatment of 325 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice who underwent minimally invasive decompression of the biliary tract were studied. Based on the results of treatment, an algorithm for examining and treating patients with malignant obstructive jaundice has been formed and tested.

Results. Using such criterial like severity of obstructive jaundice by E.I. Galperin, anatomical level of biliary tract occlusion and staging oncology process by TNM classification could help to choose the rational method for its surgical treatment and determine the risk of complications and mortality. At the level of biliary occlusion I and II, endoscopic stenting is a fairly successful inter-vention with a minimum of complications. For a level III block, the operation of choice is percutaneous transhepatic drainage. Cholecystostomy is advisable in case of level I block below the cystic duct in flow level and class “C” obstructive jaundice or for technical impossibility to apply a different method.Realization of the developed algorithm allowed resolving obstructive jaundice in a palliative option in 71.4% of patients and preparing 28.6% for surgical treatment.

Conclusion. Implementation of an improved algorithm for the diagnosis of malignant obstructive jaundice makes it possible to justify the choice of a rational option for its surgical treatment, increase the effectiveness of interventions and reduce postoperative mortality.
Comparative characteristics of reconstructive surgery and percutaneous balloon dilatation in the treatment of high benign strictures of the bile ducts
Authors: Trifonov S. A. , Kovalenko Yu. A. , Varava A. B. , Ikramov R. Z. , Stepanova Yu. A. , Karmazanovsky G. G. , Vishnevsky V. A.
Published: June 2020

Aim: to compare the long-term results of various surgical treatment options for patients with high benign strictures of the bile ducts.

Materials and methods. From 2012 to 2018, 87 patients with strictures of different levels according to the classification of E.I. Halperinwas observed. A stricture of type «0» was detected in 23 patients, type «−1» in 20, type «−2» in 31, type «−3» in 13 (E3 – 43, E4 – 31, E5 – 13 according to classification Bismuth-Strasberg). Open reconstructive interventions were performed in 63 patients, 24 percutaneous endobiliary ones.

Results. Long-term results were traced in 77 (89%) patients, the follow-up period after reconstructive operations was 4.7 ± 1.6 years, after percutaneous – 2.0 ± 1.4 years. Excellent and good results according to the Terblanche classification were achieved in 31 (58%) patients after open reconstructive operations and in 18 (78%) after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.

Conclusion. Technically the most difficult for reconstructive and percutaneous interventions on the bile ducts with a high recurrence rate are strictures of types «−2» and «−3» (E4 and E5). A comparative analysis of the long-term results of percutaneous and open interventions showed a statistically significant advantage of percutaneous interventions compared with reconstructive (p = 0.05).
Acinar cell cystadenoma of the pancreatic head
Authors: Shabunin A. V. , Tavobilov М. М. , Karpov A. A. , Paklina О. V. , Setdikova G. R. , Ivanova N. A. , Ozerova D. S.
Published: June 2020

Acinar cell cystadenoma is one of the rarest benign pancreatic tumors. A clinical case of acinar cell cystadenoma of the pancreatic head in a 67-year-old patient is presented. The tumor was detected during a routine examination. The patient was undergoing surgery, enucleation of the neoplasm was performed. With a planned histologic examination and immunohistochemical analysis the diagnosis was confirmed. Surgical tactics depend on the location, size of the tumor and position to the adjacent structures. Given the benign nature of tumor, preference should be given to organpreserving interventions.
Modern principles of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment
Authors: Vishnevsky V. A. , Ayvazyan Kh. A. , Ikramov R. Z. , Ionkin D. A. , Zhavoronkova O. I. , Stepanova Yu. A. , Varava A. B. , Kovalenko Yu. A. , Zharikov Yu. O. , Goncharov A. B. , Olifir A. A. , Pakhomova A. Yu. , Bugaev S. A. , Zhao A. V.
Published: June 2020

Aim. To improve the treatment outcomes, quality and life expectancy, prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma based on an analysis of treatment outcomes.

Materials and methods. The analysis of the long-term results of treatment of 114 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for 2015–2020 was carried out. Two groups of patients were distinguished: 41 (35.9%) patients were included in group I (a potentially resectable tumor with R0 surgery), and 63 (55.2%) patients were included in group II (advanced tumor does not suggest R0 resection).

Results. Actuarial survival for patients with R0 surgery (48) was: 1 year – 85%, 3 years – 65%, 5 years – 55%; in patients with unresectable tumor after transarterial chemoembolization: 1 year – 65%, 3 years – 29%, 5 years – 11%; after local destruction methods – 0.5 years – 75%, 1 year – 36%, 1.5 years – 22%.

Conclusions. The results of treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of a rational multidisciplinary approach. It allows you to achieve satisfactory results in multidisciplinary hospitals. The results are consistent with the data of large surgical centers.
Endovascular treatment of splenic artery aneurysm rupture
Authors: Ivanov Yu. V. , Lebedev D. P. , Astakhov D. A. , Liskevich R. V. , Porkhunov D. V. , Panchenkov D. N.
Published: June 2020

A case of successful clinical endovascular treatment for rupture of a splenic artery aneurysm with intraperitoneal bleeding is presented. An emergency open surgery, urgent endovascular aneurysm embolization and planned relaparotomy with the removal of gauze swabs and drains were performed. The staging of surgical treatment was determined by the location of the patient at the time of the complication and the equipment of medical institutions that provided medical care. Regarding the dangerous condition with rupture of the splenic artery aneurysm minimally invasive high-tech surgical care is possible only under certain conditions and depends on the qualifications of doctors, a multidisciplinary approach and the level of equipment of a medical institution. Endovascular embolization of the splenic artery aneurysm when it ruptures is a modern, highly effective and reliable minimally invasive surgical method.
Systemic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: reality and prospects
Authors: Breder V. V. , Natrusova M. V. , Dzhanyan I. A.
Published: June 2020

This article discusses the results of clinical trials and the perspectives for perioperative systemic therapy for liver cancer, as well as the effectiveness of combination with locoregional methods. Special attention is paid to first and second line hepatocellular carcinoma therapy, as already approved in the Russian Federation (multikinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies to the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, checkpoint inhibitors), as well as ongoing clinical trials. Promising combinations of immunotherapy with multikinase and (or) angiogenic inhibitors, potential predictors of the effectiveness of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as the features of therapy after orthotopic liver transplantation and against the background of non-compensated liver cirrhosis, are considered.
Challenges of hepatocellular cancer diagnosing in computed tomography. Lecture and demonstration of observations
Authors: Rozengauz E. V. , Karakhanova A. G.
Published: June 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma has a special place among the malignant tumors, because the computed tomography or magnetic resonance picture allows to accurately disease diagnose without a biopsy. This circumstance calls for thorough assessment of the classical and atypical variants of changes detected during radiologic imaging. This paper illustrates various versions of the CT-scan picture of hepatocellular cancer. The various variants of a CT scan of hepatocellular carcinoma are illustrated in this publication.
Сomparative analysis of perioperative results of laparoscopic and open liver resections for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Alikhanov R. B. , Efanov M. G. , Tsvirkun V. V. , Vankovich A. N. , Kazakov I. V. , Kovalenko D. E. , Elizarova N. I. , Kulikova N. D. , Koroleva A. A. , Khatkov I. E.
Published: June 2020

Aim: comparative analysis of peri-operative results of laparoscopic and open liver resections for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Matherial and methods. A retrospective analysis included 73 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent liver resection from 2014 to 2019. In patients with liver cirrhosis contraindications were: 2 degree of varicose veins of eosophagus, severe ascites, liver cirrhosis class B and C (Child–Pugh)

Results. Average operation time in comparing groups did not differ. Bloodloss (502 ml and 1380 ml), frequancy of complications by Clavien–Dindo (32.6% and 55.5%), duration of post-operative hospital stay (8 days and 13,6 days) were significantly less in the group of patients with laparoscopic liver resection (р < 0.05). In the early postoperative period, 2 (2.7%) patients died due to sepsis and posthepatectomy liver failure. There were no fatal outcomes in the group of laparoscopic liver resections.

Conclusion. Laparoscopic liver resections for hepatocellular carcinoma has advantages in terms of prevention intraoperative bloodloss, and allow to reduce perioperative complications and post-operative hospital stay. This is important for rapid recovery of patients and for prompt ongoing of complex treatment.
Outcomes of liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma: a single-center experience
Authors: Gautier S. V. , Monakhov A. R. , Tsirulnikova O. M. , Zubenko S. I. , Sitnikova E. V. , Umrik D. V. , Nosov K. A. , Kurtak N. D.
Published: June 2020

Aim. To evaluate the long-term results of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. To perform an analysis of risk factors for tumor recurrence.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 63 deceased donor liver transplantations, which were performed from January 2010 to February 2020. Patients were divided into three groups according to the Milan and California criteria – within the Milan criteria, outside the Milan criteria, but within the California criteria, outside the California criteria.

Results. There were 33 recipients within the Milan criteria, 5 within the California criteria, and 25 outside the California criteria. The 5-years recurrence rate was 9.1%, 40% and 52%, respectively (p = 0.002), five-year survival rate of – 93.2%, 66.7% and 54.7% (p = 0.041). Factors associated with an increased risk of recurrence: five and more tumor nodes (OR = 3.675; 95% CI (1.35–9.97); p = 0.011), macroscopic vascular invasion (OR = 5.97; 95% CI (2.06–17.31); p = 0.001) and inconsistency with California criteria (OR = 4.00; 95% CI (1.49–10.74); p = 0.006). The factors associated with a lower recurrence rate: one or two tumor nodes (p = 0.014 and 0.042, respectively), a high grade of histological differentiation (RR = 0.24; 95% CI (0.06–0.93); p = 0.039), compliance with Milanese criteria (RR = 0.18; 95% CI (0.06–0.58); p = 0.004).

Conclusion. Liver transplantation can be performed in a number of patients beyond the Milan and California criteria. The morphological and biological characteristics of the tumor and a multidisciplinary differentiated approach to treatment have an important role in the success of treatment.
Oncological feasibility of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Efimov D. Ju. , Shcherba A. E. , Korotkov S. V. , Rummo O. O.
Published: June 2020

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis according to morphological (Milan criteria) and oncological criteria.

Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study of 105 recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent liver transplantation from 2008 to 2019 was performed. The patients were divided into 3 groups. In the 1st group, transplantation was performed according to the Milan criteria (“Milan”), in the 2nd group – to recipients that did not meet the Milan and University of California San Francisco (UCSF) criteria (“extra-UCSF”), in the 3rd group – to the recipients meeting the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer criteria B (Intermediate stage), subjected to locoregional therapy and assessment of radiological and serological response (“Lerut”). The frequency of progression in the waiting list, the frequency of tumor recurrence after transplantation, hospital mortality, the frequency of arterial and biliary complications, and cancer-associated mortality were studied.

Results. The highest rate of hepatocellular carcinoma progression on the waiting list was observed in the “extra University of California San Francisco” group of patients (36% versus 11% (p = 0.03) and 15% (p = 0.1) in the “Milan” and “Lerut” groups, respectively). The worst cancer-associated mortality rates were found in the extraUniversity of California San Francisco group. The one-year, three-year and five-year overall survival rate in the groups were 87.5%; 80.1% and 70.3% for the Milan group; 78.6%; 62.9% and 62.9% for the extra-University of California San Francisco group and 96.4%; 86.4% and 78.7% for the Lerut group, respectively.

Conclusion. The oncological prognosis for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is formed increasingly on the basis of the biological characteristics of the tumor. The use of locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma combines a therapeutic component that allows for better survival and stratification, which allows patients with an unfavorable prognosis to be selected and to allow patients beyond the accepted criteria to expect transplantation.
Radiofrequency ablation in management of simple non-parasitic liver cysts
Authors: Cherkasov M. F. , Aboyan I. A. , Aboyan M. E. , Roshak B. V. , Malikov L. L. , Khanamirova L. Z. , Bukharbaev R. M. , Frolova G. V. , Melikovа S. G.
Published: June 2020

Purpose. Comparison of the long-term outcomes of the treatment of simple liver cysts by traditional and modified RFA methods.

Materials and methods. From 2015 to 2018, US-guided RF ablation was used to treat simple nonparasitic hepatic cysts in 14 patients. There were 15 operated cysts in total. 7 patients of group A underwent standard RFA session without temperature restrictions. 7 patients of group B with localization of cysts closely to large vessels and bile ducts or the area of portal fissure, underwent RFA at 60 °C with preinjection of 10% NaCl solution into the cyst cavity. During the intervention, the temperature of the surrounding electrode tissue and the exposure time were recorded.

Results. All patients underwent interventions satisfactorily; no complications were observed. In group A, the mean cyst diameter was 50.3 ± 15.2 mm, and the mean initial cyst volume was 77.09 ± 23.2 cm3. In group B, the mean cyst diameter was 61.8 ± 14.9 mm, and the mean initial cyst volume was 137.8 ± 39.2 cm3. After 3 months, the overall decrease in the volume of operated cysts on CT was in group A – 27.1%, in group B – 50.6%; after 6 months – 49.8% and 60.4%, respectively. After 12 months, similar indicators in group A amounted to 64.2%, in group B – 79.2%. 1.5 years after surgery, the volume of operated cysts in group A decreased by 65.2%, in group B by 91.2%; and after 2 years – by 68.9% and 93.6%, respectively. The total decrease of cyst volume at the last control in group B was 24.7% more than in group A. The decrease in cyst volume by more than 50% was noted in group A in 37.5%, in group B – in 85.7%. Complete reduction of the cyst cavity was noted in group A in 25%, in group B in 28.5%. The difference in the decrease of the cyst volumes between the groups after 2 years is statistically significant (p = 0.03), thus it can be concluded that a significantly more pronounced decrease in cyst volumes was observed in group B than in group A.

Conclusion. Preinjection into the cystic cavity of a 10% solution of NaCl allowed to achieve a more pronounced decrease of the cystic cavities with the lower RFA temperature regime. At a temperature of 60 °C, the thermal damage minimally spreads to adjacent healthy liver tissue andis sufficient for the radical treatment of the cystic cavity. This makes possible to use the modified RFA method for cysts, located close to the large vessels and bile ducts.
Matematik Öğretmeni Adaylarının Mesleki Bilgilerinin Gelişimleri ile İlgili Farkındalıklarının İncelenmesi: Öğretmenlik Uygulaması Örneği
Authors: KOÇAK Meltem , KARAKUŞ Derya , SOYLU Yasin
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, ilköğretim matematik öğretmeni adaylarının mesleki bilgilerinin gelişimleri ile ilgili farkındalıklarının öğretmenlik uygulaması dersi kapsamında incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcılarını, Türkiye’de bir devlet üniversitesinin İlköğretim Matematik Öğretmenliği bölümünün dördüncü sınıfında öğrenim gören sekiz öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri, öğretmenlik uygulaması dersi kapsamında gözlem ve öz-değerlendirme formu ile toplanmıştır. Gözlemler, öğretmen adaylarının öz-değerlendirme ile ilgili açıklamalarını teyit etmek amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, öz-değerlendirme formundaki maddeler doğrultusunda kodlanmış ve öğretmen adaylarının yaptıkları açıklamalardan doğrudan alıntılara yer verilerek ayrıntılı bir şekilde tasvir edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular ışığında, öğretmen adaylarının, öğretmenlik uygulaması dersi kapsamında mesleki gelişimlerinin çoğunlukla farkında oldukları ancak bu gelişimlerinin yeterli düzeyde olmadığının farkında olmadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
ANKRD22 enhances breast cancer cell malignancy by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via modulating NuSAP1 expression
Authors: Wu Yange , Liu Hongxia , Gong Yufeng , Zhang Bo , Chen Wenxiu
Published: June 2020

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in women worldwide. Although great progress has been achieved in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, the prognosis of patients with breast cancer is still poor due to distal recurrence and metastasis after surgery. This study demonstrated that the expression level of ankyrin repeat domain 22 (ANKRD22) in human breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal breast tissues. ANKRD22 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells. Further research indicated that ANKRD22 regulated the expression of nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NuSAP1) and then the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, overexpression of NuSAP1 reversed the inhibitory effects of ANKRD22 knockdown on the proliferation, invasion, and EMT of breast cancer cells. In summary, this study demonstrated that ANKRD22 enhanced breast cancer cell malignancy by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via modulating NuSAP1 expression, which might shed light on new therapeutic approaches for breast cancer.
RENAL ANJİOMYOLİPOMLAR: 15 OLGUNUN ANALİZİ
Authors: ERKILINÇ Gamze , BAŞPINAR Şirin , BİRCAN Sema , SOYUPEK Sedat , KOŞAR Alim
Published: June 2020

Giriş: Anjiomyolipom (AML) matür yağ dokusu, kalın duvarlı damar yapıları, düz kas dokusu ve melanin sentezleyen özel miyoid hücrelerin değişen oranlarda gözlendiği benign mezankimal bir tümördür. Bu makalede 2008-2018 yılları arasında bölümümüzde renal AML tanısı almış farklı klinik ve mikroskopik özellikleri olan olgular ile patolojide tanı koymada yararı olacak güncel bilgileri sunmayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tıbbı Patoloji Anabilim Dalımızda 2008-2018 yılları arasında tanı almış 15 Renal AML olgusu retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Onbeş olgunun 2’si erkek, 13’ü kadın olup, yaşları 37-74 (ortalama yaş 59±10) arasında değişmekteydi. Boyutları 0,7- 15 cm arasında, ortalama 5.1±3,2 cm idi. Olgulardan birinde tüberoskleroz olduğu tespit edildi. Yedi olguda kapsül bütünlüğünde kayıp ve bir olguda perforasyon ile uyumlu alanlar izlendi. Mikroskobik incelemede 13 olguda matür yağ dokusu, kalın duvarlı damar yapıları ve iğsi epiteloid hücreler izlendi. Dört olgu yağ dokudan zengin, 1 olgu iğsi epiteloid hücrelerden zengin ve 3 olgu damar yapılarından zengindi.
Sonuç: Renal AML farklı klinik özellikler, mikroskopik ve makroskopik bulgular ile karakterize bir tümördür. İnsidental olarak saptanabileceği gibi çok büyük boyutlara ulaşıp kanama ve perforasyon gibi komplikasyonlarla tespit edilebilir. Tüm komponentler her zaman birlikte bulunmayıp belirli komponentlerin baskın olabileceğini ayırıcı tanıda akılda tutmak önemlidir.Anahtar kelimeler: Anjiomyolipom, tüberoskleroz, böbrek
The Cultivation of Intercultural Communicative Competence in Senior High School English Teaching—Based on China’s Standards of English Ability
Authors: Cai Lingling , Yun Hong
Published: June 2020

Intercultural communicative competence is a prerequisite for students in senior high school to have a smooth communication with foreigners in the future. This paper discusses the current situation of students’ ICC through questionnaires and then analyzes students’ ICC problems respectively. In doing so, this paper offers some tentative teaching methods and hopes to cultivate students’ intercultural communicative competence under the guidance of the China’s Standards of English Ability.
Reaching Self-actualization in Education: Construction and Validation of a Hierarchical Scale
Authors: Farimani Zahra Barzakhi , Shahri Navid Nasrollahi
Published: June 2020

The present study aimed to adapt and validate the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in the EFL settings of Iranian universities. A review of the related literature showed that there are very few studies on the application of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in learning contexts, especially that of foreign/second language classes. To do so, having revised and rephrased the items in the scale developed for Hierarchy of Needs, the researcher made sure of  the content validity and reliability of the revised version. Afterwards, the designed questionnaires were distributed among 271 learners of language studying at Ferdowsi, Imam Reza and Tabaran universities. The obtained data were then analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis procedures were held to ensure the construct validity of the questionnaire. The designed scale was validated through certain statistical procedures. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and content validity procedures were done to ensure the validity of the scale.  In addition to this, using Coranbach’s coefficient of reliability, the items and the scale as a whole were proven to be reliable. The significance of the work lies in the fact that the better an educator knows their own students, the better rapport they can establish with them. This can to a great extent improve the teaching and learning process in different contexts. It is to be said that this scale can be of great significance in any kinds of research in the field that deals with needs and expectations of students at different levels.
In grace we may forget
Authors: Mark Edwards
Published: June 2020

This article defends the active role Barth gives to God’s grace as humans forget and remember. Barth holds humanity’s ability or inability to recollect memories, especially traumatic ones, as divinely willed for the sake of reconciliation with the past. Arguing this as consistent with Barth’s broader theology of time and eternity, the article defends this as a correlation of Mandela’s conviction that “True reconciliation does not consist in merely forgetting the past.”1 Like Barth, Mandela advances from a motive of reconciliation in the recollection of past horror. Though, for Mandela, humanity must “come to terms with the past” so that “we can bury those evil experiences”2 we must first remember. Recollection, however, is not for the sake of revenge or retribution, but for the goal of forgiveness, reconciliation, and ultimately blessed forgetting. Mandela and Barth thus share the conviction that by grace we may remember the past, through grace we can forgive time’s evils, and in grace we might someday blessedly forget time’s horrors.
The leadership role of emeritus Archbishop Desmond Tutu in the social development of the South African society
Authors: Pali KJ
Published: June 2020

Leadership of the ministers of the Word is often restricted to within church boundaries, on the pretext that ministers should be religious and not too involved in the “world”. On the other hand, ministers are involved in social issues mostly to address immediate needs, often at the expense of  transforming the unjust system that perpetuates social injustices. Emeritus Archbishop Desmond Tutu practised his leadership ministry within and beyond the church boundaries. In the South African society, his leadership ministry contributed towards social development and transformation. This article aims to analyse the contribution of the leadership role of emeritus Archbishop Desmond Tutu in the social development of the South African society. The main research question is to what extent is or was the leadership of emeritus Archbishop Desmond Tutu involved in the social development of the South African society?
Kern-oorwegings in die besinning oor die rol van die (NG) Kerk in Suid- Afrika se grondhervormingsdebat
Authors: Van Niekerk Anton
Published: June 2020

Core considerations in the reflection on the role of the (NG) Church in South Africa’s land reform debateThis article deals with the question as to whether the church (the Dutch Reformed Church in particular) ought to become involved in the current (2019) debate about land reform (particularly land expropriation without compensation) in South Africa. The author defends the position that such involvement is, for the church, desirable and even unavoidable. Four key elements of such involvement are identified and analysed. The first is the issue of human dignity, which is a key aspect of the message of the gospel. The second aspect is (possible) leadership. Here it is argued that the church can facilitate, but not in a traditional leadership role. Much attention is, thirdly, paid to the moral aspects of the debate. Finally, in terms of the “how”-question relating to the church’s involvement, dialogue is proposed.
Martin Luther – Held of skurk?
Authors: Wessels Francois
Published: June 2020

The article investigates whether Martin Luther was anti-Semitic, and if so, what effect it had on his theology and ministry. First the article investigates the written comments of Luther in his works, from his article in 1523 That Jesus was born a Jew, in which Luther still cherished the hope that Jewish people would soon turn to accept the good news of the Gospel – as re-discovered by Protestantism, once it had been properly explained to them. The article then briefly describes how – with reference to Luther’s less friendly later articles – Luther’s anger against Jews grew as the years passed by without any significant change in the European Jewish community towards Jesus Christ. The article argues that Luther’s writings were certainly anti-Jewish (being against the Jews because they refused to accept the blessing of the Christian faith), but not necessarily anti-Semitic (being against Jews simply because they were Jews). In the second part of the article the author investigates how Luther’s interpretation of Paul was influenced by his own dramatic discovery and interpretation of the concept of the “righteousness of God”, which blessed Luther in his Christian faith, but unfortunately also cloudedhis vision, with the result that Luther tended to understand the “righteousness of God” only in forensic terms. That theological blind spot unfortunately kept Luther from fully understanding Paul’s emphasis that the “righteousness of God” also have a powerful social impact.
Reklam Mecrası Instagram: TOGG ve GÜNSEL Elektrikli Otomobil Markaları Üzerine Ampirik Bir Araştırma
Authors: YILMAZ Alper
Published: June 2020

Sosyal paylaşım ağları iletişim kurmak amacı dışında bireysel markalaşmak, kuruluşların hedef kitleleriyle etkileşimli iletişim kurmak ve pazarlama ya da reklam amaçlarıyla kullanılabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda araştırma yerli otomobil konusunda TOGG ve GÜNSEL otomotiv şirketlerinin elektrikli otomobil modellerinin ön gösterim süreçlerinde sosyal medya pratiklerini sosyal paylaşım ve görsel iletişim mecrası olan Instagram uygulaması özelinde inceleyerek yerli elektrikli otomobil markalarının tanıtımlarını gerçekleştirirken Instagram uygulamasını bir tanıtım aracı olarak nasıl kullandıklarını açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın problemini “Türkiye ve KKTC ülkelerinin TOGG ve GÜNSEL otomotiv şirketleri elektrikli otomobil modellerinin ön gösterim süreçlerinde Instagram mecrasını bir tanıtım aracı olarak kullanmakta mıdır?” sorusu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada nicel içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak TOGG ve GÜNSEL otomotiv şirketlerinin yerli ve milli üretim elektrikli otomobil modellerinin ön gösterim süreçleri 23 Aralık 2019 ve 20 Şubat 2020 tarihleri arasında Instagram sosyal paylaşım mecrası pratikleri incelenmiştir. TOGG ve GÜNSEL otomotiv şirketleri yerli ve milli elektrikli otomobil modellerinin ön gösterim stratejileri incelendiğinde sosyal medya pazarlaması bağlamında Instagram sosyal paylaşım mecrasını otomobil modellerinin tanıtımlarını yapmak amacıyla bir reklam mecrası olarak kullandıkları görülmektedir.
FORECASTING OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN ECONOMY: ACCOUNTING POINT OF VIEW
Authors: Shkulipa L.
Published: June 2020

In the article the importance of blockchain technology in the economy and predicting its development from the accounting point of view was investigated. The methods used in the study are based on the analysis of literature related to disclosure issues and a description of existing blockchain claims on the world stage. On the basis of this, a predictive assessment of the considered results for the further development of blockchain technology in the economy, its impact on accounting and the profession of accountant was made. The findings include the positive and negative effects of blockchain technology on the medical and banking sectors, information technology, the financial sector, and accounting. The blockchain in the hype cycle was considered as a phenomenon that all new technologies undergo before stable existing or disappearing. Based on the consideration of the most famous blockchain projects with the combination of Big Data, the estimation of the development technologies of Blockchain and Big Data in finance was discussed. This study suggests to consider blockchain technology as (1) a new way of sending and processing invoices, documents, contracts, and payments, reducing errors, costs and transaction time; (2) a path to financial equality through affordability; (3) investments in the local economy so that developing countries can grow significantly; (4) updating the currency market and the international monetary and financial transaction system; (5) a major breakthrough in the economy together with the Big Data technology.
Estonia’s Youth Labour Market: Unemployment and Migration Sentiments of Student Youth
Authors: Provotar Natalia , Parenyuk Victor , Reimann Mart
Published: June 2020

This article presents an analysis of current processes in the youth labour market in the context of their impact on the student youth migration sentiments with a focus on the case of Estonia. Nowadays, student migration takes new forms, which are determined by objective and subjective factors and need to be conceptualized. They are characterized by complicated socio-economic interactions and social relations, so the analysis is based not only on statistics but also on the results of a survey of student youth conducted in November-December 2019.
The analysis of the youth labour market in Estonia revealed the relationship between unemployment and education levels and some trends in the unemployment dynamics. This made it possible to identify key processes, such as spread of circular and chain migration, an increasing intensity of migration flow, transition to positive values of net migration. The analysis confirmed that Estonia’s accession to the EU had a positive effect on the youth labour market, and the improvement of the socio-economic situation in the country was the main reason for growing migration flow of young people from abroad.
The identification of migration sentiments of student youth is based on the analysis of factors that push them from the country of origin and pull to the countries of possible migration. Countries that are the most attractive for Estonian students in terms of education and employment have been identified, including ones with a positive image for immigration, high wage level and favourable working conditions. It is determined that the migration aspirations of the respondents are quite high. The migratory attitudes of student youth towards permanent migration are analysed in relation to the education of parents and the level of foreign language proficiency.
Using Photovoice to Promote Meaning-Making in a Suicide Loss Support Group
Authors: Delgado Heather , Wester Kelly
Published: June 2020

The loss of a loved one to suicide is a devastating event that results in a complicated grief experience for those survivors left behind. This specific bereavement experience consists of three challenging obstacles: the unanswered question of why, the stigma concerning the manner of death, and the forced isolation of the grievers. These obstacles complicate the ability to make meaning of the loss, which is an important part of the healing process. Therefore, counselors can target meaning-making as an intervention by utilizing photovoice because it can provide survivors with the opportunity to create new meaning and thus work through these obstacles. This article discusses practical applications of a photovoice intervention with a loss by suicide support group and addresses the implications for clinical mental health counselors.
Counseling Adults With Sensory Processing Disorder: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Goodman-Scott Emily , Burgess Melanie , Polychronopoulos Gina
Published: June 2020

Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is a neurological disorder impacting up to 20% of the global population. The majority of SPD research has been conducted outside the counseling profession and typically examines the presentation of SPD in youth. Therefore, counselors often have limited awareness of this disorder. The purpose of the present study was to conduct an exploratory qualitative thematic analysis (N = 89) examining the primary concerns of adult counseling clients with SPD, as reported by their counselors. Results include 12 themes that were organized into three categories: biological, psychological, and social. Thus, the results reflected the biopsychosocial model, originally outlined by G. L. Engel, as it pertains to SPD. Researchers provided implications for mental health counselors’ practice and suggestions for future research.
Young Adults’ Attitudes About Corporal Punishment: Implications for Mental Health Counseling
Authors: Smith Jessica L. , Kalkbrenner Michael T.
Published: June 2020

Corporal punishment, defined as the application of physical pain (e.g., spanking, slapping, or grabbing) to decrease a child’s undesirable behavior, is associated with negative mental health outcomes. Clients may present to mental health counselors with concerns that stem from their experience of corporal punishment. Mental health counselors work to prevent deleterious consequences of corporal punishment through the provision of psychoeducation on effective parenting strategies. Given that young adults are the largest group of prospective parents in the United States, the present investigators examined attitudes about the utility of corporal punishment as a disciplinary strategy among young adults who do not have children. Results revealed differences in the rates of endorsement of corporal punishment as a disciplinary strategy by gender and ethnicity. Higher rates were found among young adults who identified as male and those who identified as White relative to those who identified as female and those who identified as Latinx, respectively. These findings have a number of implications for challenging stereotypes (e.g., that Latinx clients endorse corporal punishment at higher rates than clients who identify as White) and enhancing mental health counselors’ prevention efforts (e.g., targeting attitudes about corporal punishment among those likely to become parents).
Arte y feminismo. La situación de las mujeres artistas en los primeros años del siglo XXI en el contexto cultural español
Authors: Cuesta-De-La-Cal Maria Teresa
Published: June 2020

RESUMENConstatada la notoria ausencia de las mujeres tanto en la historia como en el mercado del arte, a lo largo de este artículo se intenta determinar si las redes sociales son herramientas útiles para mejorar la visibilidad de las mujeres artistas. Así, tras revisar la actualidad sobre el tema, elaborado un estado de la cuestión, se plantea cómo estamos asistiendo al nacimiento de un nuevo movimiento artístico, el movimiento feminista, que crea un espacio propio y distintivo por primera vez en la Historia del Arte y con poderosos elementos que lo definen. Asimismo, ciertas redes sociales se han convertido en el mejor medio de comunicación entre las artistas, un lugar donde intercambiar experiencias, ideas, mostrar nuevas figuras y sus obras. A pesar de ello, estos cambios no parecen suficientes para conjeturar un cambio cualitativo de paradigma y aún tenemos serias dudas de la trascendencia de este fenómeno a largo plazo.Palabras clave: mujeres; artistas; feminismo; antropología; artes plásticas; redes sociales.
La doctrina institucional de los Austrias en el imaginario pictórico de las capillas hospitales en los pueblos fundacionales de Vasco de Quiroga: El modelo de la Inmaculada Concepción.
Authors: Perales Piqueres Rosa María
Published: June 2020

RESUMEN:Las capillas fundacionales de Vasco de Quiroga en Michoacan estan decoradas con hermosas pinturas que marcan un resurgir de la doctrina cristiana y de la devoción mariana, en especial de la Inmaculada, en el siglo XVIII. Las imágenes irrumpen a partir de una nueva campaña eclesiástica sobre la defensa de la fe como manifestación cultural y social del mundo hispánico y «alma» de una conciencia unitaria de carácter religioso. Palabras Claves: Arte; Pintura; Iconografía; Capillas Hospitalarias; Barroco.
Devastación y catástrofe en el cruce arte/tecnología: tácticas latinoamericanas de destrucción constructiva
Authors: Adler Jazmín
Published: June 2020

RESUMEN:El presente artículo analiza el papel desempeñado por la destrucción y la catástrofe en el arte contemporáneo, particularmente en torno a aquellas prácticas artísticas que se valen de medios y herramientas tecnológicos para desencadenar procesos de devastación, acumulación de vestigios e investigaciones con diversas materialidades efímeras. Luego de sondear algunos antecedentes fundamentales sobre la atracción ejercida por el acto auto-destructivo en el campo artístico durante las últimas décadas, el trabajo estudia un conjunto de obras latinoamericanas que encarnan tácticas de destrucción constructiva. Los vestigios producidos por estas obras no remiten a un pasado perdido, sino que el propio acto de devastación en Latinoamérica supone una operación estético-política de transformación y resistencia crítica, dirigida a cuestionar las estructuras dominantes. Palabras clave: arte contemporáneo; catástrofe; destrucción; Latinoamérica; tecnología.
Does the storage time of food packaging material influence the migration degree of 4-phenylobenzophenone photoinitiator from packaging materials to food?
Authors: Nowakowski Przemyslaw , Dybowski Michal Pawel , Typek Rafal
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, it is not possible to produce food packaging without the use of polygraphic varnishes. Their main task is to protect packaging from the effects of external factors, as well as to give the effect of clarity with greater exposure of the colors used. However, such varnishes contain in their composition low-molecular-weight photoinitiators that can easily migrate to a protected product. The aim of this work was to determine the migration of 4-PBZ from various types of substrates used in the printing industry, i.e. paper, aluminum foil and polyethylene foil. In addition, extensive studies on the impact of the storage conditions of a fresh reprint on the change in the migration of the photoinitiator to food were carried out.
The effect of soil pH, stable manure and fertilizer nitrogen on the growth of red clover and of red clover associations with perennial ryegrass.
Authors: Dilz K. , Mulder E.G.
Published: June 2020

In garden plots of pH6, response to added N was slight due to nodulation, N fixation and development of red clover at low N fertilizer levels. With increasing amounts of fertilizer N the production of grass increased considerably but clover production fell; clover production increased with N treatment in the absence of grass. Nodulation of clover in uninoculated plots was poor at soil pH5.8but inoculation with Rhizobium trifolii gave normal nodulation at pH 5.0. Increasing the supply of fertilizer N increasingly delayed nodulation. Stable manure promoted nodulation and N fixation in clover on uninoculated acid soil (pH 5.0); on uninoculated soil the effect was weaker. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
The ejido-system in Mexico; some observations.
Authors: Lincklaen Arriens R.A.L.
Published: June 2020

The author gives an appraisal of the land reform program in Mexico and an evaluation of the results. Although the agricultural production per worker has doubled during the last twenty years, the gross agricultural production has tripled in the same period, while the working population at present engaged in agriculture which amounts to 50 per cent of the working population, contributes only 20 per cent to the national production. On the ejidos the production per worker and per hectare are much less than the average. The author concludes that too much value has been attached to the land tenure aspects and the legal regulations and too little to the creation of opportunities for efficient farming. E. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Foliar analysis in experimentally grown Lacatan bananas in relation to leaf production and bunch weight.
Authors: Brezowsky W.J. , Van Biesen J.
Published: June 2020

Foliar analyses from October to April (the drier part of the year) showed a positive effect of an increased potash application on leaf K, and a depressing effect on leaf Mg. Both these effects were statistically insignificant just before and during the period when most of the plants started to shoot. There was no significant effect of increased N applications on leaf N, except in the early part of the rainy season. Increased K also had a significant effect on bunch weight, hand weight and the number of hands per stem.-Cameroons Develop. Corp. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Effect of the density or red pine stands on moisture supply in sanpy soils.
Authors: De Vries M.L. , Wilde S.A.
Published: June 2020

The moisture content was determined periodically (April to November) in non-podzolic outwash sand supporting a 17-year-old fully stocked red-pine plantation and in parts of the same plantation reduced 50 % by thinning. The diameter increment of average trees was recorded by ring-band dendro-meters. The water supply in the 4-ft root zone of thinned plantations averaged nearly 10% or 500 tons/acre. This soil gained moisture from rainfall during the critical midsummer period. Soil of the fully-stocked stand had a high moisture content early in the growing season because of a delayed thaw. Early in July, decrease in moisture below the field capacity of 7% coincided with retarded diameter growth of trees, probably because of restricted capillary transfer and moisture depletion in the vicinity of absorbing roots. 50% thinning reduced the growing stock beyond permissible limits and was favourable to weed growth. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Developments in Surinam agriculture.
Authors: Van As J.B. , Tiggelman G.P.
Published: June 2020

Two short sections of this comprehensive survey (p. 260 and pp. 270-271) are devoted to animal husbandry. In 1960 livestock numbers in Surinam were as follows: 15, 300 cows, 11, 500 bulls and oxen, 9300 young cattle, 100 buffaloes, 7700 pigs, 311, 000 domestic fowls and 39, 000 poultry of other kinds. Most of the cattle are of the native (creole) type, but in recent years European and zebu cattle have been imported. Inseminations of cattle have increased from 3111 in 1956 to 4424 in 1960, and as a result of the A.I. programme many cattle are now 1/2or 3/4 Holstein-Friesian. The number of cattle and pigs slaughtered for meat showed a considerable increase between 1954 and 1960. Milk production has apparently remained more or less stable. The local cattle produce about 2-3 litres milk a day but, with good feeding and management, even they can produce 2000-3000 litres per lactation. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Digestibility and feeding value of some tropical grasses and kudzu.
Authors: Dijkstra N.D. , Dirven J.G.P.
Published: June 2020

Samples of elephant grass, Pennisetum purpureum, lucuntu grass, Ischaemum timorense, para grass, Brachiaria purpurascens [Brachiaria mutica], Coastal Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon, and Guatemala grass, Tripsacum laxum, and 2 of kudzu, Pueraria phaseoloides, all grown in Surinam, were dried and taken to the Netherlands. Digestibility and feeding value were estimated with 3 wethers in experiments with preliminary and collection periods each of 10 days. Moisture, ash, crude protein and crude fibre were estimated and N-free extract with fat was calculated by difference. Digestibility was low, especially for the 2 samples of kudzu. Low digestibility of protein was thought to be due in part to artificial drying. There was a close correlation between crude protein and digestible crude protein in earlier experiments and the calculated regressions were applied to the grasses in this experiment, as well as to a number of other roughages. In the tropical grasses there was a good correlation between crude protein and digestible crude protein and a less marked one between crude protein and starch equivalent.-E. Sidaway. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Photosynthesis of leaves and field crops.
Authors: Gaastra P.
Published: June 2020

A review is presented of the effects of various physiological and structural properties of plants on their rate of photosynthesis.-R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)