bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing and mechanical properties of adjustable stiffness hierarchical orthogrid stiffened cylinders
Authors: Wang Yulin , Chen Yanhong , Qin Chengwei , Shi Zhiyuan , Li Huimin
Published: February 2024

Modular spacecraft offer promising prospects in the aerospace industry due to their ability to adapt to complex missions and diverse space environments. Nevertheless, such spacecraft may face load‐bearing structure adaptation issues caused by the changes in load demand when replacing sub‐modules for various missions. This necessitates the re‐design and manufacturing of load‐bearing structures, resulting in significant increases in product cycles and costs. To overcome this challenge, innovative composite hierarchical orthogrid stiffened cylinders (CHOSCs) which offer adjustable stiffness and strength to suit various mission requirements are proposed. To investigate the stiffness and strength adjustability, high‐precision composite orthogrid stiffened cylinder (COSC), CHOSC with three primary ribs (T‐CHOSC), and CHOSC with four primary ribs (F‐CHOSC) were manufactured and tested. The results demonstrate that CHOSCs exhibit stiffness and strength adjustability and significantly improve the cylinder's load‐bearing efficiency. Furthermore, a finite element model based on the Hashin damage criterion was employed to capture the end failure of the primary ribs and the local basic rib fractures near the cylinder end. CHOSCs present a feasible solution to the load‐bearing structure adaptation issues caused by the changes in load demand when replacing sub‐modules for various missions and hold significant potential for advancing the aerospace industry.

Highlights

Composite hierarchical orthogrid stiffened cylinders (CHOSCs) are proposed.

High‐precision CHOSCs are manufactured by combined metal molds.

Load‐bearing capacity and failure behavior are investigated.

CHOSCs exhibit stiffness adjustability and load‐bearing efficiency.

CHOSCs could solve the structure adaptation issues in modular spacecraft.
Utilizing de‐inked paper sludge for sustainable production of medium‐density fiberboard: A comprehensive study
Authors: Ashori Alireza , Mahmoudi Najafi Seyed Heydar , Heydari Vahid , Besharatifar Kamran , Sharifi Taskouh Hamed , Maghsoodi Davood
Published: February 2024

This study investigated converting abundant paper mill waste, de‐inked paper sludge (DPS), into value‐added medium‐density fiberboard (MDF) panels. The objective was to repurpose this solid waste into a valuable material that aligns with the principles of a circular economy. Previous research has examined the addition of paper sludge to wood composites, but there is limited information on the specific incorporation of DPS into MDF production. This investigation offers new insights into this application. MDF panels were manufactured using hardwood fibers, with varying levels of urea‐formaldehyde resin (10% and 12% by weight) and different loadings of DPS (ranging from 0% to 50% by weight). X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of defective DPS fiber crystals. Contact angle measurements confirmed that DPS had poor wettability, corresponding to increased water absorption. As more DPS was incorporated, the mechanical properties of the panels progressively weakened due to defective fibers and poor adhesion between the fibers and the matrix. This was evident in scanning electron microscopy micrographs, which showed an escalation in interfacial flaws. Increasing the resin dosage noticeably improved the internal bond strength and reduced moisture uptake across all levels of DPS. However, at a DPS loading of 50%, the properties of the panels deteriorated by 36%–57% compared to the control MDF. Additionally, thickness swelling and water absorption increased significantly with higher DPS content, primarily due to the hydrophilic nature of the fibers. Based on optimization, it was determined that a DPS loading of 20% with a resin content of 12% provided the best balance between performance, waste utilization, cost, and moisture resistance. The reuse of abundant paper sludge supports the goals of a circular economy. However, strategies are required to tailor the processing methods and enable higher levels of recycled material without excessively compromising the key attributes of the product. Further research should focus on enhancing the quality of DPS and its compatibility with wood fibers and resin to enhance the performance of the composite material.

Highlights

DPS from recycled paper mill assessed for MDF production with wood fibers and resin

Increasing DPS loading caused reductions in strength and adhesion of panels

Water absorption and thickness swelling markedly rose with more DPS addition

It was attributed to hydrophilic fibers and disrupted fiber‐matrix bonding

Optimal formulation was 20% DPS loading and 12% resin content, balancing performance, waste utilization, and cost.
Assessment of pharmacovigilance guidelines in the Southern African Development Community: A document review
Authors: Makhene Nokuthula L. , Steyn Hanlie , Vorster Martine , Lubbe Martha S. , Burger Johanita R.
Published: February 2024

Background

Lack of harmonization in pharmacovigilance (PV) practice in resource‐limited states in Africa has led to differentiation and marginalization, thus creating an environment where weak or absent PV systems may benefit from regional guidelines.

Purpose

To compare the PV guidelines of Southern African Development Community (SADC) member states to international guidelines and identify areas for improvement for aligning PV practice within the SADC region.

Methods

We utilized a 73‐item checklist to assess the PV guidelines of the SADC member states. Checklist parameters were rated using binary scoring.

Results

Only seven (Botswana, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe) of the 16 SADC member states had guidelines to assess. Of these, only four had supporting legislation. All seven national medicines regulatory authorities (NMRA)'s guidelines required reporting of local serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Four NMRAs implemented device vigilance; none specified submission timelines for ADRs associated with substandard or falsified medicines. Only three NMRAs required electronic transmission of individual case safety reports in the E2B format. Five NMRAs mandated safety monitoring during interventional clinical trials. Five NMRAs required aggregate reporting through periodic safety update reports. Only two NMRAs required submission of the development safety update report. Regarding risk management, four NMRAs required notification of actions taken by foreign NMRAs and four NMRAs expected to review Dear Healthcare Professional Letters before distribution by the marketing authorization holder.

Conclusions

Areas for improvement of guidelines to establish common process standards and allow for synchronized submissions of comparable data to SADC NMRAs are provided.
Violent behavior in primary education: Evolution from 9 to 12 years old as a function of gender
Authors: López‐Goñi José J. , Haro Begoña , Peñalva‐Vélez Alicia , Vega‐Osés María Asunción
Published: February 2024

The objectives of this study were to establish the frequency of violent behaviors present in primary education (PE), to determine differences based on students' grade and gender, and to assess the evolution of behaviors between the fourth and sixth grades of PE. The research design was a cohort longitudinal ex post facto study with three measures. Data was collected at three different moments across fourth, fifth, and sixth grades of PE. The sample was composed of all the students of three public centers located in three localities of Autonomous Community of Navarra (Northern Spain). The centers had to present similar characteristics to each other and to the population of Navarra. The first three centers contacted agreed to participate. The sample was composed of 236 students (110 girls) in PE. Students completed the instrument School Violence Questionnaire‐Revised. A descriptive analysis, a bivariate analysis, and a logistic regression model were performed. A gradual increase in the perception of different violent behaviors with differences between boys and girls was found. In fourth grade, there was hardly any perception of information and communication technology‐related violence; it then increased until sixth grade. Boys perceived more violence from teachers toward students and among peers. Girls perceived more violent behavior between fourth and fifth grade. Preventive interventions targeting digital violence should be developed at this stage. Considering the differences found according to gender and age, it is highlighted the need to train the educative community in different areas, such as emotional competencies, school coexistence, and the detection and prevention of violent behavior.
Behavior management training for teachers in the induction phase
Authors: McGuire Stacy N. , Xia Yan , Guzy Aleksandra , Akoto Talitha S. , Meadan Hedda
Published: February 2024

Teachers in the induction phase (i.e., the first 3 years of teaching) can be underprepared to support students who engage in challenging behavior. This can be due to limited preservice education and ongoing professional development in behavior management. Yet, students who engage in challenging behavior are at an increased risk of being referred to intervention services and/or special education, especially at the elementary level. The purposes of this randomized‐controlled trial were to identify the effects of an online behavior management training on teachers in the induction phase, as well as their perceptions of the training. Findings revealed teachers in the intervention group showed significant increases in knowledge, application, and self‐efficacy in applying behavior management strategies. Social‐validity data indicated participants felt the training was highly acceptable, feasible, and effective.
Estimating disparities of prostate cancer burden and its attributable risk factors for males across the BRICS‐plus, 1990–2019: A comparable study of key nations with emerging economies
Authors: Luo Li‐Sha , Huang Jiao , Luan Hang‐Hang , Mubarik Sumaira , Zhong Quliang , Zeng Xian‐Tao
Published: February 2024

Backgrounds

The study aimed to analyze epidemiology burden of male prostate cancer across the BRICS‐plus, and identify potential risk factors by assessing the associations with age, period, birth cohorts and sociodemographic index (SDI).

Methods

Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated to assess long‐term trends, and age‐period‐cohort analysis was used to analyze these three effects on prostate cancer burden. Quantile regression was used to investigate the association between SDI and health outcomes.

Results

The higher incidence and mortality were observed in Mercosur and SACU regions, increasing trends were observed in prostate cancer incidence in almost all BRICS‐plus countries (AAPC > 0), and EEU's grew by 24.31% (%AAPC range: ‐0.13–3.03). Mortality had increased in more than half of countries (AAPC > 0), and SACU grew by 1.82% (%AAPC range: 0.62–1.75). Incidence and mortality risk sharply increased with age across all BRICS‐plus countries and globally, and the peak was reached in the age group 80–84 years. Rate ratio (RR) of incidence increased with birth cohorts in all BRICS‐plus countries except for Kazakhstan where slightly decrease, while mortality RR decreased with birth cohort in most of BRICS‐plus countries. SDI presented significantly positive associations with incidence in 50 percentiles. The deaths attributable to smoking declined in most of BRICS‐plus nations, and many countries in China‐ASEAN‐FTA and EEU had higher values.

Conclusion

Prostate cancer posed a serious public health challenge with an increasing burden among most of BRICS‐plus countries. Age had significant effects on prostate cancer burden, and recent birth cohorts suffered from higher incidence risk. SDI presented a positive relationship with incidence, and the smoking‐attributable burden was tremendous in China‐ASEAN‐FTA and EEU region. Secondary prevention should be prioritized in BRICS‐plus nations, and health policies targeting important populations should be strengthened based on their characteristics and adaptability.
Ferroelectric Control of Band Alignments in In2Se3/h‐BN and CuInP2S6/h‐BN van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Liu Songmin , Zhou Pan , Hou Pengfei , Sun Lizhong
Published: February 2024

Recently, 2D ferroelectric (FE) heterostructures have become a subject of great interest due to their potential device applications and the underlying physics involved. In this study, the first‐principles calculations are employed to examine the FE control of electronic structures in 2D FE heterostructures, specifically In2Se3/h‐BN and CuInP2S6 (CIPS)/h‐BN. In these results, it is demonstrated that by reversing the polarization of the FE layers, the band alignment of the heterostructures can be interconverted between type II and type I. For In2Se3/h‐BN, the variation of out‐of‐plane polarization can be attributed to the hindrance and facilitation of charge transfer from h‐BN to In2Se3 by the intrinsic electric field of the In2Se3 monolayer. For CIPS/h‐BN heterostructures, the higher transferred charge in the Cdn configuration due to the presence of built‐in electric fields and the stronger interfacial interaction in the Cdn configuration result in a higher polarization value compared to the Cdn configuration. Moreover, the carrier mobility of the heterostructures can also be effectively modulated by the FE polarization. In these findings, the potential significance of FE heterostructures with tunable band alignment and bandgap is highlighted in the development of nanoscale optoelectronic devices.
Constructing efficient bacterial cell factories to enable one‐carbon utilization based on quantitative biology: A review
Authors: Song Yazhen , Feng Chenxi , Zhou Difei , Ma Zengxin , He Lian , Zhang Cong , Yu Guihong , Zhao Yan , Yang Song , Xing Xinhui
Published: February 2024

Developing methylotrophic cell factories that can efficiently catalyze organic one‐carbon (C1) feedstocks derived from electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into bio‐based chemicals and biofuels is of strategic significance for building a carbon‐neutral, sustainable economic and industrial system. With the rapid advancement of RNA sequencing technology and mass spectrometer analysis, researchers have used these quantitative microbiology methods extensively, especially isotope‐based metabolic flux analysis, to study the metabolic processes initiating from C1 feedstocks in natural C1‐utilizing bacteria and synthetic C1 bacteria. This paper reviews the use of advanced quantitative analysis in recent years to understand the metabolic network and basic principles in the metabolism of natural C1‐utilizing bacteria grown on methane, methanol, or formate. The acquired knowledge serves as a guide to rewire the central methylotrophic metabolism of natural C1‐utilizing bacteria to improve the carbon conversion efficiency, and to engineer non‐C1‐utilizing bacteria into synthetic strains that can use C1 feedstocks as the sole carbon and energy source. These progresses ultimately enhance the design and construction of highly efficient C1‐based cell factories to synthesize diverse high value‐added products. The integration of quantitative biology and synthetic biology will advance the iterative cycle of understand–design–build–testing–learning to enhance C1‐based biomanufacturing in the future.
Teacher strategies to support student navigation of uncertainty: Considering the dynamic nature of scientific uncertainty throughout phases of sensemaking
Authors: Ha Heesoo , Chen Ying‐Chih , Park Jongchan
Published: February 2024

Sensemaking has been advocated as a core practice of science education to support students in constructing their own understanding through a prolonged trajectory. However, the field lacks a discussion of teaching strategies that can better support students as they develop in the trajectory of sensemaking, which includes four phases: initial engagement with a driving question related to a target phenomenon; identification of incoherence and insufficiency in existing understanding; exploration of multiple resources to help develop plausible explanations; and synthesis of solutions and application of new understanding to interpret the target phenomenon. With the view that students' scientific uncertainty, including conceptual and epistemic uncertainties, can motivate or drive the trajectory of sensemaking coherent with students' understanding, this multiple case study examined how two science teachers, one from South Korea and one from the USA, supported students to navigate their scientific uncertainties to shape a trajectory of sensemaking that is coherent to them. Transcripts of video recordings of classroom discourses and student‐created artifacts were analyzed. We identified the dynamic nature of students' scientific uncertainties in the four phases and the teaching strategies in each phase. Three main findings emerged from this study: (1) student uncertainty as a key not only to initiate the trajectory of sensemaking meaningfully but also to continuously develop the trajectory along a coherent pathway, (2) conceptual and epistemic uncertainties having different roles in building different phases of sensemaking, and (3) teaching strategies that support student navigation of scientific uncertainty that drives the trajectory of sensemaking.
Structure‐Based Approaches for the Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease Inhibitors: Comparative Interactions Analysis, Pharmacophore Modeling and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Zerroug Enfale , Belaidi Salah , Chtita Samir , Tuffaha Ghada , AbulQais Faizan , Kciuk Mateusz , Dubey Amit , Taha Mutasem O.
Published: February 2024

Due to its significant role in neurodegeneration, Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) has emerged as a potential target for addressing neuropathological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The application of CDK5 inhibitors has demonstrated promise in the treatment of AD. This prompted us to model this interesting target using a computational workflow named Docking‐based Comparative Intermolecular Contacts Analysis (dbCICA). Approaches including 3D‐QSAR, genetic algorithm, and pharmacophore modeling were employed to discover new CDK inhibitors.
Remotely Controlled Electrochemical Degradation of Metallic Implants
Authors: Rivkin Boris , Akbar Farzin , Otto Martin , Beyer Lukas , Paul Birgit , Kosiba Konrad , Gustmann Tobias , Hufenbach Julia , Medina‐Sánchez Mariana
Published: February 2024

Biodegradable medical implants promise to benefit patients by eliminating risks and discomfort associated with permanent implantation or surgical removal. The time until full resorption is largely determined by the implant's material composition, geometric design, and surface properties. Implants with a fixed residence time, however, cannot account for the needs of individual patients, thereby imposing limits on personalization. Here, an active Fe‐based implant system is reported whose biodegradation is controlled remotely and in situ. This is achieved by incorporating a galvanic cell within the implant. An external and wireless signal is used to activate the on‐board electronic circuit that controls the corrosion current between the implant body and an integrated counter electrode. This configuration leads to the accelerated degradation of the implant and allows to harvest electrochemical energy that is naturally released by corrosion. In this study, the electrochemical properties of the Fe‐30Mn‐1C/Pt galvanic cell model system is first investigated and high‐resolution X‐ray microcomputed tomography is used to evaluate the galvanic degradation of stent structures. Subsequently, a centimeter‐sized active implant prototype is assembled with conventional electronic components and the remotely controlled corrosion is tested in vitro. Furthermore, strategies toward the miniaturization and full biodegradability of this system are presented.
Manipulating Redox Homeostasis of Cancer Stem Cells Overcome Chemotherapeutic Resistance through Photoactivatable Biomimetic Nanodiscs
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Wuwan , Xu Yunxue , Liu Renfa , Li Rui , Yang Peipei , Zhao Chenyang , Dai Zhifei , Wang Yong
Published: February 2024

Tumor heterogeneity remains a significant obstacle in cancer therapy due to diverse cells with varying treatment responses. Cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs) contribute significantly to intratumor heterogeneity, characterized by high tumorigenicity and chemoresistance. CSCs reside in the depth of the tumor, possessing low reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and robust antioxidant defense systems to maintain self‐renewal and stemness. A nanotherapeutic strategy is developed using tumor‐penetrating peptide iRGD‐modified high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐mimetic nanodiscs (IPCND) that ingeniously loaded with pyropheophorbide‐a (Ppa), bis (2‐hydroxyethyl) disulfide (S‐S), and camptothecin (CPT) by synthesizing two amphiphilic drug‐conjugated sphingomyelin derivatives. Photoactivatable Ppa can generate massive ROS which as intracellular signaling molecules effectively shut down self‐renewal and trigger differentiation of the CSCs, while S‐S is utilized to deplete GSH and sustainably imbalance redox homeostasis by reducing ROS clearance. Simultaneously, the depletion of GSH is accompanied by the release of CPT, which leads to subsequent cell death. This dual strategy successfully disturbed the redox equilibrium of CSCs, prompting their differentiation and boosting the ability of CPT to kill CSCs upon laser irradiation. Additionally, it demonstrated a synergistic anti‐cancer effect by concurrently eliminating therapeutically resistant CSCs and bulk tumor cells, effectively suppressing tumor growth in CSC‐enriched heterogeneous colon tumor mouse models.
Tuning the Selectivity of Nitrate Reduction via Fine Composition Control of RuPdNP Catalysts
Authors: Troutman Jacob P. , Mantha Jagannath Sai Pavan , Li Hao , Henkelman Graeme , Humphrey Simon M. , Werth Charles J.
Published: February 2024

Herein, aqueous nitrate (NO3−) reduction is used to explore composition‐selectivity relationships of randomly alloyed ruthenium‐palladium nanoparticle catalysts to provide insights into the factors affecting selectivity during this and other industrially relevant catalytic reactions. NO3− reduction proceeds through nitrite (NO2−) and then nitric oxide (NO), before diverging to form either dinitrogen (N2) or ammonium (NH4+) as final products, with N2 preferred in potable water treatment but NH4+ preferred for nitrogen recovery. It is shown that the NO3− and NO starting feedstocks favor NH4+ formation using Ru‐rich catalysts, while Pd‐rich catalysts favor N2 formation. Conversely, a NO2− starting feedstock favors NH4+ at ≈50 atomic‐% Ru and selectivity decreases with higher Ru content. Mechanistic differences have been probed using density functional theory (DFT). Results show that, for NO3− and NO feedstocks, the thermodynamics of the competing pathways for N–H and N–N formation lead to preferential NH4+ or N2 production, respectively, while Ru‐rich surfaces are susceptible to poisoning by NO2− feedstock, which displaces H atoms. This leads to a decrease in overall reduction activity and an increase in selectivity toward N2 production. Together, these results demonstrate the importance of tailoring both the reaction pathway thermodynamics and initial reactant binding energies to control overall reaction selectivity.
Photosynthetic‐Membrane‐Like Ion Translocation in Visible‐Light‐Harvesting Nanofluidic Channels
Authors: Nie Xiaoyan , Li Li , Sun Mingyan , Xiao Tianliang , Hu Ziying , Liu Zhaoyue
Published: February 2024

The selective uphill and downhill movement of protons in and out of photosynthetic membrane enabled by ion pumps and ion channels is key to photosynthesis. Reproducing the functions of photosynthetic membranes in artificial systems has been a persistent goal. Here, a visible‐light‐harvesting nanofluidic channels is reported which experimentally demonstrates the ion translocation functions of photosynthetic membranes. A molecular junction consisting of photosensitive ruthenium complexes linked to TiO2 electron acceptors forms the reaction centers in the nanofluidic channels. The visible‐light‐triggered vectorial electron injection into TiO2 establishes a difference in transmembrane potential across the channels, which enables uphill transport of ions against a 5‐fold concentration gradient. In addition, the asymmetric charge distribution across the channels enables the unidirectional downhill movement of ions, demonstrating an ion rectification effect with a ratio of 18:1. This work, for the first time, mimics both the uphill and downhill ion translocation functions of photosynthetic membranes, which lays a foundation for nanofluidic energy conversion.
Molecular Structure Engineering of Isomeric Additives for Long Lifetime Zn Anodes
Authors: Gao Yulong , Fu Jimin , Mo Funian , Zhang Lixin , Ho Derek , Hu Haibo
Published: February 2024

Modulating the solvation structure of hydrated zinc ions using organic additives stands as a pragmatic approach to suppress dendrite formation and corrosion on zinc metal anodes (ZMAs), thereby enhancing the rechargeability of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. However, fundamental screening principles for organic additives with diverse molecular structures remain elusive, especially for isomers with the same molecular formula. This study delves into the impact of three isomeric hexagonal alcohols (mannitol, sorbitol, and galactitol) as additives in adjusting Zn2+ solvation structural behaviors within ZnSO4 baseline electrolytes. Electrical measurements and molecular simulations reveal the specific molecular structure of mannitol, which features interweaving electron clouds between adjacent hydroxyl groups, achieving a high local electron cloud density. This phenomenon significantly enhances desolvation abilities, thus establishing a more stable anode/electrolyte interface chemistry. Even at 5 mA cm−2 for 2.5 mAh cm−2 capacity, Zn||Zn symmetric cells with mannitol‐regulated electrolyte display an impressive 1170 h lifespan, far exceeding those with other isomer additives and is nearly tenfold longer than that with a pure ZnSO4 electrolyte (120 h). Rather than strictly adhering to focusing on chemical composition, this study with emphasis on optimizing molecular structure offers a promising untapped dimension to screen more efficient additives to enhance the reversibility of ZMAs.
Log‐based anomaly detection for distributed systems: State of the art, industry experience, and open issues
Authors: Wei Xinjie , Wang Jie , Sun Chang‐ai , Towey Dave , Zhang Shoufeng , Zuo Wanqing , Yu Yiming , Ruan Ruoyi , Song Guyang
Published: February 2024

Distributed systems have been widely used in many safety‐critical areas. Any abnormalities (e.g., service interruption or service quality degradation) could lead to application crashes or decrease user satisfaction. These things may cause serious economic losses. Among the various quality assurance approaches for distributed systems, log‐based anomaly detection (LAD) has become a popular research topic. Its popularity relates to system logs being able to record and reveal important run‐time information. This paper presents a general LAD framework for distributed systems. Log grouping and feature‐pattern mining are two crucial LAD components that impact on the anomaly‐detection effectiveness. We also present a systematic survey of techniques in these two directions; propose classification frameworks for log grouping and feature patterns; and summarize four log‐grouping techniques and five feature patterns (which refer to invariant relationships among logs that can be used for anomaly detection). To evaluate their applicability, we report on the findings when applying existing techniques to Ray, a popular industrial distributed system. Based on these findings, several open issues are identified, which provide potential guidance for future research and development.
Facilitating Electron Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells Through Tailored SnO2 Film Composition
Authors: Bai Dongliang , Zheng Dexu , Yang Shaoan , Peng Lei , Wang Peijun , Liu Jishang , Zhu Xuejie , Yang Dong , Liu Shengzhong Frank
Published: February 2024

The ratio of Sn2+ to Sn4+ plays an essential role in influencing the characteristics of SnO2 film, which is commonly used in the normal structure of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It is identified that different sequences of addition lead to varying concentrations of Sn2+ and Sn4+ within the SnO2 film. Through this strategic approach, an enhanced SnO2 film with improved electron transport capabilities, a smoother surface texture, and more suitable energy levels are successfully engineered. Consequently, the efficiency of PSCs has seen a notable increase from 22.58% for the control device to 24.16% for the target PSC. Furthermore, PSCs utilizing the optimized SnO2 have demonstrated superior long‐term environmental stability when compared to the control devices. Specifically, PSCs incorporating optimized SnO2 expose to approximately 30% humidity in ambient air for 41 days without encapsulation retain 87% of their initial efficiency. In contrast, the control devices under the same conditions only maintain 77% of their original value.
Elemental‐Doped Catalysts for Photoelectrochemical CO2 Conversion to Solar Fuels
Authors: Hiragond Chaitanya B. , Kim Jungmyung , Kim Hwapyong , Bae Dowon , In Su‐Il
Published: February 2024

Solar‐driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion to valuable chemicals, combining the advantages of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, represents a promising approach toward establishing a carbon‐neutral society and harnessing solar energy. Photoelectrode materials doped with metals and/or nonmetals have shown promise in achieving high CO2 reduction efficiency. Metal or nonmetal doping entails introducing a heteroelement into the semiconductor, thereby modifying the band potentials of the semiconductor through the addition of a defective state. This alteration may improve the charge transfer kinetics of the catalysis. Furthermore, doping aids in creating active CO2 adsorption offers anchoring sites for CO2 molecules and can promote product selectivity. This review aims to provide a concise summary of elemental‐doped photoelectrodes for converting CO2 into fuels through PEC processes. Several key factors affecting the performance of PEC CO2 reduction are discussed, including the interaction of reactants with catalysts, reaction conditions, and the impact of the photoelectrode. Moreover, various PEC CO2 reduction systems are discussed, with a specific focus on enhancing the efficiency of CO2 reduction. Finally, a summary of key considering aspects for further development of the PEC CO2 reduction is provided.
Genome‐wide analysis of PvMADS in common bean and functional characterization of PvMADS31 in Arabidopsis thaliana as a player in abiotic stress responses
Authors: Mostafa Karam , Yerlikaya Bayram Ali , Abdulla Mohamed Farah , Aydin Abdullah , Yerlikaya Seher , Kavas Musa
Published: February 2024

Changing climatic conditions with rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns pose significant challenges to agricultural productivity, particularly for common bean crops. Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial regulators that can mitigate the impact of biotic and abiotic stresses on crop production. The MADS‐box TFs family has been implicated in various plant physiological processes, including stress‐responsive mechanisms. However, their role in common bean and their response to stressful conditions remain poorly understood. Here, we identified 35 MADS‐box gene family members in common bean, with conserved MADS‐box domains and other functional domains. Gene duplication events were observed, suggesting the significance of duplication in the evolutionary development of gene families. The analysis of promoter regions revealed diverse elements, including stress‐responsive elements, indicating their potential involvement in stress responses. Notably, PvMADS31, a member of the PvMADS‐box gene family, demonstrated rapid upregulation under various abiotic stress conditions, including NaCl, polyethylene glycol, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. Transgenic plants overexpressing PvMADS31 displayed enhanced lateral root development, root elongation, and seed germination under stress conditions. Furthermore, PvMADS31 overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in improved drought tolerance, likely attributed to the enhanced scavenging of ROS and increased proline accumulation. These findings suggest that PvMADS31 might play a crucial role in modulating seed germination, root development, and stress responses, potentially through its involvement in auxin and ABA signaling pathways. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the potential roles of PvMADS‐box genes in abiotic stress responses in common bean, offering prospects for crop improvement strategies to enhance resilience under changing environmental conditions.
Leadership identity development
Authors: Yamanaka Aoi , Owen Julie E.
Published: February 2024

This article examines various applications of the leadership identity development (LID) grounded theory and model and explores the process used to apply LID to the construction of collegiate student leadership development experiences. Featured programs include those that use LID as a design element of the program, but do not explicitly teach it; those that explicitly teach the content of the LID theory and model in leadership programs and curricula; and those that use LID at the institutional level to inform university‐wide leadership programming. The article concludes with critiques and considerations for leadership educators interested in applying LID in their leadership education and development programs.
Socially responsible leadership and the social change model
Authors: Adams Jasmine S. , Patterson Sydnee , Skendall Kristan Cilente
Published: February 2024

The social change model is one of the most used leadership models at colleges and universities around the globe. With this article, we explore the social change model (SCM) as a framework for socially responsible leadership program design. We discuss the SCM, its history, and the evolution of this approach. Furthermore, we highlight critiques of the SCM, which are important considerations in program design. The Aspen Young Leaders Fellowship is featured in this article and serves as an example of a holistic program designed for impact grounded in socially responsible leadership. We conclude with a summary of relevant research as well as resources to learn more about the SCM and socially responsible leadership.
Building Bridges: Community-Based Projects for Participation and Social Inclusion of Rural NEETs
Authors: Ferreira Tatiana , Ellena Adriano Mauro , Jonsson Frida , Barbosa Belém , Uyan-Semerci Pınar , Tuna Emelj , Kvieskienė Giedrė , Marta Elena , Unay-Gailhard İlkay , Fernandes-Jesus Maria
Published: February 2024

This chapter focuses on factors that facilitate community-based projects for providing effective and sustainable responses to the challenges faced by young people Not in Employment, Education, or Training (NEETs) in rural areas and more specifically to promote their quality of life and social inclusion. In line with Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model (1977, 1979) and considering community-based projects as part of the exosystem, we aim to identify the barriers and constraints faced by projects targeting young NEETs in rural areas. As part of the collaborative research developed by the members of the “WG1—Rural NEETs Social Networks and Social Inclusion” of the Rural NEET Youth Network, we identified five promising community-based projects in Portugal, Italy, Sweden, North Macedonia, and Lithuania and conducted semi-structured interviews with the project coordinators. Our analysis showed that the identified projects take into account the different levels of the bioecological model and the need to involve how young people and local communities. Both these factors are crucial for their success and sustainability over time.
A More Youth-Centered Policy Development Perspective in NEET Policies
Authors: Erdoğan Emre , Paabort Heidi
Published: February 2024

Understanding young people’s needs from their own perspective is important for effective policy making. The Youth Guarantee (YG) has been successful in providing training, job search assistance, monitoring, and public work programs for vulnerable young people (NEETs). However, the YG primarily focuses on economic aspects, ignoring multidimensional social problems faced by this vulnerable group. Our chapter focuses on the factors behind the need and on the potential of young people’s contribution to policy-making making it more youth-centered. Recent academic discussions have focused on improving policy development processes beyond the classic or rationalist approach, incorporating cognitive biases, power factors, the multiplicity of actors, and the importance of the environment. To address these challenges, we present the results of a multi-country thought experiment that revealed that the national government is the most important actor in policy development for NEETs, followed by public employment services, local government, civil society organizations, and regional governments. Subsequently, we explore the potential benefits for policy development of new design thinking approaches based on the case example of the Reinforced YG of Estonia. The Estonian approach aims to address the multidimensionality of social problems faced by vulnerable young people and to promote a design-based policy development mindset, creating new avenues for support and services.
Reference Architecture for AI-Based Industry 5.0 Applications
Authors: Soldatos John , Ipektsidis Babis , Kefalakis Nikos , Despotopoulou Angela-Maria
Published: February 2024

Industry 5.0 (I5.0) is a novel paradigm for the development and deployment of industrial applications based on Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). It evolves Industry 4.0 in directions that exploit trustworthy human–AI interactions in human-in-the-loop scenarios. Despite the rising popularity of I5.0, there is still a lack of reference architectures (RAs) that outline the building blocks of I5.0 applications, along with the structuring principles for effectively integrating them in industrial systems. This chapter introduces a reference model for industrial applications that addresses critical elements and requirements of the I5.0, including human–robot collaboration, cybersecurity, safety, and trust. The model enhances state-of-the-art I4.0 Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) architectures with human-centered I5.0 features and functionalities. Based on this model, the present chapter introduces a set of blueprints that could ease the development, deployment, and operation of I5.0 applications. These blueprints address technical integration, trustworthy operations, as well as the ever-important compliance to applicable regulations such as General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the emerging AI Act.
A Manufacturing Digital Twin Framework
Authors: Anaya Victor , Alberti Enrico , Scivoletto Gabriele
Published: February 2024

Digital twin technology has become a driving force in the transformation of the manufacturing industry, playing a crucial role in optimizing processes, increasing productivity, and enhancing product quality. A digital twin (DT) is a digital representation of a physical entity or process, modeled to improve decision-making in a safe and cost-efficient environment. Digital twins (DTs) cover a range of problems in different domains at different phases in the lifecycle of a product or process. DTs have gained momentum due to their seamless integration with technologies such as IoT, machine learning algorithms, and analytics solutions. DTs can have different scopes in the manufacturing domain, including process level, system level, asset level, and component level. This work presents the knowlEdge Digital Twin Framework (DTF), a toolkit that comprises a set of tools to create specific instances of DTs in the manufacturing process. This chapter explains how the DTF relates to other standards, such as ISO 23247. This chapter also presents the implementation done for a dairy company.
A Multi-intelligent Agent Solution in the Automotive Component–Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Usatorre Luis , Clavijo Sergio , Lopez Pedro , Imanol Echeverría , Cebrian Fernando , Guillén David , Bakopoulos E.
Published: February 2024

The manufacturing industry is an ecosystem full of changes and variations where production conditions are never the same. As an example, the raw materials received from suppliers differ from one another, though within tolerances. And similar variations appear in all areas of manufacturing, such as tool wearing, the statuses of production machines, and even operator decisions.

Improvements to production must factor in technical considerations and economic ones. Several points of view must be included to determine the best solution. Even when applying artificial intelligence (AI) in the manufacturing process, the situation should be similar: Several agents with different goals should interact to determine the most holistic solution.

This paper presents the ontology, semantics, and architecture that facilitates multiagent interaction. The Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0, or RAMI 4.0 (RAMI4.0 – 2018 – DE (plattform-i40.de)), has been selected as the basis for this approach.

Given that most of the time, the operator’s decision is based on intuition and experience, not based on data analysis, this paper also analyses which data architecture will permit the data analysis of raw materials, finished products, tooling characteristics and statuses, machine parameters, and external conditions, to minimize the influence of intuition and personal bias on decision-making in manufacturing.
Object Detection for Human–Robot Interaction and Worker Assistance Systems
Authors: Tavakoli Hooman , Suh Sungho , Walunj Snehal , Pahlevannejad Parsha , Plociennik Christiane , Ruskowski Martin
Published: February 2024

The primary goal of this research is to describe the scenarios, challenges, and complexities associated with object detection in industrial environments and to provide clues on how to tackle them. While object detection in production lines offers significant advantages, it also poses notable difficulties. This chapter delves into the common scenarios and specific challenges encountered in industrial object detection and proposes targeted solutions for various use cases. For example, synthetic data play a pivotal role in overcoming labeling challenges, particularly when it comes to small objects. By harnessing synthetic data, we can efficiently track and debug object detection results, ensuring faster identification and resolution of many data labeling issues. Synthetic data facilitate effective tracking and debugging of object detection results, streamlining the overall workflow. Furthermore, we explore the application of object detection in head-worn devices, utilizing the human point of view (POV) as a valuable perspective. This approach not only enhances human assistance systems but also enhances safety in specific use cases. Through this research endeavor, our aim is to contribute to the advancement of the whole process of object detection methods in complex industrial environments.
Textbooks in Far Northern California High Schools in 2007–2022
Authors: Gellman Mneesha
Published: February 2024

At the turn of the twenty-first century, textbooks still show concerning representations of Native American and Mexico and im/migrants. This chapter starts off with a discussion of how the twisted and inaccurate tale of Pocahontas is still being taught in schools today, followed by an analysis of textbooks published in 2007, 2013, and 2019. It also includes an excerpt from Robert Anderson, a teacher at Hoopa Valley High School in far Northern California, describing his qualms with the required problematic texts he is supposed to teach. Even the more recently published textbooks in 2013 and 2019 still make subtle cues towards a White-centric point of view of US history, rather than facing the hard and ugly truths of our nation’s past.
Functional Requirements for Enterprise Data Catalogs: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Petrik Dimitri , Untermann Anne , Baars Henning
Published: February 2024

Organizations must gain insights into often fragmented and isolated data assets and overcome data silos to profitably leverage data as a strategic resource. Data catalogs are an increasingly popular approach to achieving these objectives. Despite the perceived importance of data catalogs in practice, relatively little research exists on how to design corporate data catalogs. It is also obvious that the existing market solutions have to be customized to the specific organizational needs. This paper presents a list of functional requirements for enterprise data catalogs extracted from a systematic literature review. The requirements can be used to frame and guide more specific research on data catalogs as well as for system selection and customization in practice.
Benefits, Challenges, and Implications of Open-Source Software for Health-Tech Startups: An Empirical Study
Authors: Ahmad Noman , Tripathi Nirnaya
Published: February 2024

Health-tech startups are essential, as they provide cutting-edge solutions to numerous healthcare concerns in the rapidly evolving healthcare industry. They use various technologies to create solutions that boost and advance healthcare systems and healthcare delivery. Open-source software (OSS) technology has become an essential component of startups’ toolkits, providing various advantages, such as free access to source codes and opportunities for innovation. Research on OSS in healthcare startups is limited, so our study aims to investigate how health-tech startups perceive the influence of OSS on product development and to identify the challenges they face. To meet this objective, we conducted an empirical study with six health-tech startups, using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was performed on the collected data to identify common themes and subthemes related to the research objective. The findings showed that health-tech startups benefit from the cost efficiency, scalability, and customization of OSS. Open-source software tools, reshape development and promote efficient code management, provide community support, and reduce costs. However, they demand OSS knowledge, management of updates, regulatory compliance, and heightened cybersecurity. Our study adds to the body of knowledge on OSS and healthcare startups and the connection between them. We provide recommendations for health-tech startups, such as embracing OSS tools for their benefits, investing in education and training, and engaging with the OSS community for comprehensive support in their product development processes.