bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
論《紅樓夢》的三世生命説與兩種聲音 ——説《紅樓夢》思想之精髓
Authors: 張 錦池
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本文認為：《紅樓夢》中有個相似於佛敎三世生命觀的三世生命説，即大觀園中的「風流冤孽」們，他們來自「太虚幻境」，歷劫「詩禮簪縷之族」，最後又復歸「太虚幻境」，而不論他們在「現世」其「業」如何。與此相應的是，作品也以三段式情境結構線索作為它的基本構架，即以「幻境」起，以「幻境」結，其間以主要篇幅寫發生在「王道樂土」上的一切。於是，書中也就發出了兩種聲音：一是令人熱耳酸心的，那就是「救救青年」，這是在整個大觀園變作一座「花塚」時發出的；一是令人如飲清泉的，那就是「四海之內皆姊妹也」，這有別於「四海之內皆兄弟也」的聲音是從太虚幻境發出的。一個反映了作者對現實的認識，ー個反映了作者對「花塚」那邊的遐想。因此，如果説，這三世生命説是把握作品創作本旨的通幽曲徑，那麼，這兩種聲音則是探得的作品創作本旨的精髓。它與「色空觀念」是無緣的，所謂「太虚幻境」只不過是種「以神道設敎」而已！This paper argues that, in The Dream of the Red Chamber, there is an assumption about reincarnations which is very similar to the concept of reincarnations in Buddhist theology. That means the characters in the novel originated in the Ethereal World of the Immortals, who lived for a while in a cultivated and elegant milieu, and then returned to the Ethereal World, whatever their attainment or experience in the mortal world. The narrative structure is also modelled on the three-phase progress between these two realms: beginning with the Ethereal World and ending with the same Ethereal World, while the main action takes place in the mortal world.
It follows then that there are two voices in the novel. One is the pitiful voice which pleads for the salvation of the young people as the whole mansion (that is the whole world in the novel) turns into “one vast grave for the flowers within”. The other is the pristine voice from the Ethereal World, counterpointing it with the observation that “all the blossoms are sisters” though not in the same way that “All men are brothers” in the novel Water Margin. One voice reflects the author's realization about the realities of this world, the other voice tells about the author’s reveries on the other side of “the grave for flowers”. If the idea of reincarnation is the clue to the point of the novel, then the two voices are the guides to that point. The novel is not a treatise on the illusory nature of life. The Ethereal World is used only as a vehicle to convey a didactic message.
關於轉讀
Authors: 葛 兆光
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本文是討論中世佛敎的「轉讀」對文學影響的一篇札記。在早期中國佛敎中，轉讀是用特殊的抑揚頓挫聲調來誦讀佛敎經論，由於佛經是用梵文等語言書寫記錄的，在梵文中辨音很重要，因此在印度佛敎就有辨音的傳統，當佛敎進入中國這樣一個完全不同的語音環境中，辨音的傳統就顯示了它的意義。因為，對中國人來説，異國語言的聲音系統會引起格外的注意，而它作為對比系統，恰恰给漢語語音系統提供了歸納的框架，這一點，過去相當多的研究也均已指出。但是，本文並不完全贊同四聲直接從印度聲明論三聲而來的説法，也不完全支持對《高僧傳》等文獻中關於「轉讀」中的「飛」、「囀」、「折」、「放」、「起擲」、「蕩舉」等等過於鑿實的考據，而是希望指出，對於「轉讀」的一些描述，常常是一種對聲音的比擬與形容，指的是高低、長短、輕重等不同聲調的變化，以及這種變化給人的感受，所以「轉讀」對於漢語聲調的影響，主要是它促使中國人注意到了聲調的問題，同時又给漢語自身的四聲的發現與歸納提供了啟迪。This essay is a short discussion on the influences of Buddhist huandu” in the Middle Age on Chinese literature. In the early part of Buddhism on China, huandu” was a special way of using rhythmical intonation in chanting Buddhist scriptures. The Buddhist scriptures were written and recorded in such languages as Sanskrit, in which sound identification was very important. Therefore, Buddhism in India had the tradition of identifying sounds. When Buddhism was spread to China, a country with a completely different speech system, this tradition revealed its meaning. It is because to the Chinese, the sound system of a foreign language would arouse particular attention. Besides, being a system for contrast, it provided the sound system of the Chinese language an induction framework, as pointed out by many previous studies. However, I do not entirely agree with the view that the four tones of the Chinese language were directly derived from the three tones of heng ming lun”. Neither do I wholly support the overly detailed examination of words involving huandu” in the texts such as ao seng-zhuan" I hope to point out that huandu” was usually about making contrasts and descriptions of sounds, which means variations in tones and the feelings they gave to people. Therefore, the main influence of huandu” on the tones of the Chinese language was that it made the Chinese more aware of the issue of tones, and provided inspiration to the discovery and induction of the four tones in the Chinese language itself.
認知角度下的漢字表意特性
Authors: 周 國正
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文嘗試從“直接途徑”與“間接途徑”的對比去探討漢字（以形聲為主）的認知特性。文中首先擬設一個“內部詞庫”的結構模型，在此後型中漢字形、音、義三項要素處於半獨立的連繫狀態。以此模型去説明由“目睹字形”到提取詞義的直接提取和間接提取兩種途徑。其中間接提取又再根據字形——語音轉換過程的不同而再細分為分析性、综合性及半分析半綜合三種方式。

由於國人偏重於字形訊息，所以在解讀漢字中字形訊息有較大的提示效度，國人亦因此更多採用直接途徑。

本文亦對解讀漢字時出現語音中介這種説法提出質疑，指出所謂語音中介其實只不過是語音激發而已。The article attempts to clarify the cognitive features of Chinese graphs (mainly xingsheng 形聲) form the perspective of direct access vs indirect access. A paradigm of internal lexicon is set up. In the paradigm, “graphic”, phonetic” and “semantic” components of a Chinese graph are connected to each other in an semi-independent fashion. The paradigm is used to account for the direct access and indirect access form perceptual stimulus to lexical meaning. The indirect access is further classified into three according to the graphemic — phonemic process, i.e., analytic, synthetic and semi- analytic & semi-synthetic.

As Chinese readers tend to rely more on graphic information, graphic information enjoys greater cue validity; which explains why direct access plays a greater role in decoding of Chinese graphs.

The article also queries the thesis that there is phonological mediation in decoding of Chinese graphs. It demonstrates that the so-called phonological mediation is no more than phonological activation.
林則徐年譜新編
Authors: 黃 毓棟
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

林則徐（1785 - 1850）在中國近代史上是個具舉足輕重人物，其出生之時，已是清朝走向衰落之世。他的一生事跡，最為一般人熟悉的相信是一八三九年在虎門銷煙一事。事實上，林則徐的一生和其著作，正如中國近代史一樣，既複雜又吸引。而自他逝世後一百四十多年來，不斷有人為他編寫年譜，其中有題其子林聰彝的《林文忠公年譜草稿》、左舜生的《林文忠公年譜》、上海「六、三」紀念籌備會的《林則徐年譜》、魏應麒的《林文忠公年譜》、薩士武的《林文忠公年譜》、林祟墉的《林文忠公大事索引》、來新夏的《林則徐年譜》（以下簡稱《年譜》）、《林則徐年譜》（增訂本）（以下簡稱《增訂本》）等。上述年譜，來氏的《增訂本》，堪稱當時最為完備的著作。不過，正如來氏為了精益求精，故在《年譜》的基礎上，又有《增訂本》的出現一樣，經過十幾年的努力，在《增訂本》的基礎上，終於一九九六年編成這本《林則徐年譜新編》（以下簡稱《新編》），並於一九九七年六月，香港回歸祖國前夕，由天津南開大學出版了。正如來氏在扉頁上的題字所言，此書是「紀念ー代偉人林則徐，慶祝香港回歸祖國」，由此可見其特別意義。此書八百六十七頁，六十七萬九千字。以字數計算，比《增訂本》多出二十二萬三千字，和其最早的《年譜》，更多出接近一半。毫無疑問，這是迄今為止規模最大，內容最為豐富的林則徐年譜。(撮要取自內文首段)
《孟子》的仁觀及其困難
Authors: 張 錦青
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本文旨在對《孟子》一書的仁觀提出一個較新穎的詮釋，並由此論證孟子仁觀存在不一致之處，以及嘗試找出該不一致之處產生的原因。本文亦會指出孟子心性論的主要困難。
本文共分為六節。第一節旨在證明，孟子所謂「仁」是指在依循「（自）有所不忍，達之於其所忍」的（踐仁）原則下，於親親而仁民、仁民而愛物的過程中所表現的價值。第二節主要指出，孟子認為仁者雖無所不愛，但仁者之愛必涉差等。第三節則證明，孟子視親親為踐仁的起點，而以仁為自親親為起點的推愛是孔學觀點的承繼和發展。第四節集中討論孟學中「仁根於心」或「仁根於包含以親親為大本能的不忍之心」的主張，以及對有關主張的其中一個證明。它主要是訴諸人的良知良能。可是，這證明的説服力並不強。第五節討論孟學對「仁根於心」的另一個證明，亦即著名的孺子入井論證。有關論證中以不必涉及差等的恻隱之心為仁之端的主要立埸是與「仁者之愛必涉差等」的主張相抵觸的。這顯示孟學存在不一致之處。第六節指出，任何企圖承繼和發展孟子心性論的嘗試，除了必須放棄孺子入井論證和提出更強的理據外，更要反駁任何以孟子所提出的孺子入井論證，來倡議墨家兼愛之類的無差等價值的敵論的企圖。This paper aims at putting forward a novel interpretation of the view of benevolence in the book Mencius and, by means of the interpretation, proves that the view contains a logical inconsistency, as well as finding out the cause of the inconsistency. This paper will also locate some major difficulties of Mencius’ Doctrine of Heart and Essence （心性論）.
This paper is divided into six sections. In the first two sections, we argue that, for Mencius, benevolence is the value actualized in the process of 'being affectionate to parents and then being benevolent to people generally, being benevolent to people generally and then being kind to creatures （親親而仁民、仁民而愛物）’according to the principle of extending what one cannot bear to what she can bear （自有所不忍，達之於其所忍）.It follows that a benevolent person should love all people and things but there must be gradations in her love. The third section proves that Mencius takes 'being affectionate to parents’ as the point of departure of the practice of benevolence, and this together with the aforementioned views shows that Mencius’ view of benevolence is inherited and developed from Confucian philosophy. The fourth section focuses on the proposition ‘Benevolence is rooted in the heart which contains the ability of being affectionate to parents’ and discusses one of its proofs. But the proof lacks force. The fifth section discusses another proof of the proposition, namely, the famous ‘child-about-to-fall-into-weir argument’. The step of identifying the heart of compassion （惻隱之心）with the germ of benevolence（仁之端）in the proof is inconsistent with the claim that there must be gradations in the love of a benevolent person. This shows that Mencius’ view of benevolence is inconsistent. The sixth section points out that any attempt to inherit and further develop Mencius’ Doctrine of Heart and Essence, besides giving up the ‘child-about-to-fall-into-well’ argument and providing strong grounds for the doctrine, must also refute any attempt to employ Mencius’ ‘child-about-to-fall-into-well’ argument to support any rival theory upholding values without gradations, e.g., the Mohist universal love （墨家兼愛）.
風騷餘韻論（朱文華）/讀《風騷餘韻論》——看現代舊體詩魂歸何處
Authors: 朱 少璋
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

自五四新文學運動以來，新詩取代了舊詩的位置，在大量的現代文學史、白話文學史或詩歌通史中，大多以五四為新詩、舊詩的分水嶺；鮮有對五四以來的舊體詩作詳細而全面的分析。作為一個文學現象，自五四以來，舊體詩創作活動仍然延續著，在研究現代文學時，似乎不應「有意」地忽視對舊體詩的評論及探討。(撮要取自內文首段)
明代文學復古運動研究（廖可斌）
Authors: 陳 少芳
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

舉凡研究明代文學者，多重視小説戲曲而忽視詩文。對於明代詩文復古運動，每每避而不談，儘管有所論及，亦多從個別的問題上著眼，以批判態度作簡單的論述，鮮能全面而中肯地為讀者重現那個左右文壇達百多年的文學運動，而《明代文學復古運動研究》卻是一本以此為任的專題研究著作。(撮要取自內文首段)
郘鐘器主再探
Authors: 潘 慧如
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

郘鐘是春秋時代晉國有銘青銅器，於晚清年間在山西省出土。王國維根據銘文內容所見之姓氏，論定郘鐘器主為晉國魏錡之後人。然而，近人有不同的意見，或以郘鐘器主為魏錡之子魏绛，或以為魏錡之子魏相。本文試從史籍中所見魏氏世系，剖析後出之説並不能成立，因此，郘鐘器主的身份仍以王國維的説法為恰當。“Lu Zhong”（郘鐘）, an inscribed bronze of Jin State in the Spring & Autumn Periods, was excavated during the late Ching Dynasty in Shanxi Province. According to the clan’s name shown in the inscription of this bronze, Wang guo wei （王國維）identified that the master of this bronze was an offspring of Wei qi （魏錡）.However, | there are recently different opinions arguing who was the master of “Lu Zhong” （郘鐘）.Some believe Wei jiang （魏絳）,son of Wei qi（魏錡） ,was the master of this bronze while others believe Wei xiang （魏相）, another son of Wei qi （魏錡）, was the master. This paper attempts to analyze the above arguments on the basis of the genealogy of the Wei clan discussed in ancient archives. The result of the analysis rejects the later proposition and suggests that the argument of Wang guo wei （王國維）is more appropriate.
阮元思想研究（李成良）
Authors: 詹 杭倫
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

阮元(1764-1849)，是清代歷史上一位重要的人物。他身兼官僚與學者雙重身份，可以説是一位學者型的官僚，也可以説是一位官僚型的學者。作為官僚，他歷仕乾隆、嘉慶、道光三朝，持節十三省，宦海五十年，興利除弊，政績煌煌，被譽為「極三朝之寵遇，為一代之完人」；作為學者，他享有乾嘉學派殿軍的崇高聲譽，調和漢、宋之爭，兼容吳派、皖派，開啟揚州學派，「扮演了總結十八世紀漢學思潮的角色」。阮元作為學界泰斗，主持學術風會數十年，他的學問很大，治學範圍很廣，龔自珍曾將其學問歸納為十個方面：訓詁之學、校勘之學、目錄之學、典章制度之學、史學、金石之學、九數之學、文章之學、性道之學、典故之學等等。這樣一位政界巨子加上學術泰斗，可能令人高山仰止，敬而遠之。所以儘管學術界聽到阮元的名字不啻如雷貫耳，但是研究阮元的專人專書卻寥若晨星。(撮要取自內文首段)
粤音正讀字彙（何文匯朱國藩）
Authors: 謝 淑香
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

眾所周知，香港人的母語是粵語而非普通話，除了生陌的字詞外，對一般漢字的粵讀應該不會出岔子。但是，近數十年來，香港人在常用字的粵語讀音卻引起不少的爭議，原因在於社會流通的粵音讀法與字典所注的讀音往往各有所是，例如「鄺」字按黃錫凌《粵音韻彙》應讀為〔kwↄŋ〕（音曠），但現今大多數人都讀為〔kↄŋ〕（音抗），這是唇化聲母因後隨的圓唇元音ↄ而引起異化作用（dissimilation）的結果，即使是以「鄺」為姓氏的人也多半説自己姓〔kwↄŋ〕，很少人説〔kwↄŋ〕了。以粵語為主要溝通語言的敎育界和傳播界，也常常為這種情況困擾，有無所適從之嘆。社會不少人士認為這種「粵音誤讀」的情況已經很嚴重，亟需定出規範讀音。在這種情況下，自然產生對具指導性的粵音字典的需要；而何文匯與朱國藩所聯合編寫的《粵音正讀字彙》就是因應這種需要而出現的。(撮要取自內文首段)
市河寬齋與《全唐詩逸》
Authors: 蔡 毅
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

日人市河寬齋編纂的《全唐詩逸》，是《全唐詩》問世後的第一部補遺之作，故歷來頗受重視。但關於該書的成書及流傳經過，卻向無詳盡論述。有鑑於此，本文從三個方面予以考察。首先是關於該書的編纂，稽考寬齋如何從各種日本典籍中輯纂成書，及其在印製過程中遇到的種種困難。其次是檢討該書的西傳過程。寬齋之子三亥歷盡周折，攜書親赴長崎，希望通過中國商人之手，使該書得以刊入《知不足齋叢書》，但直到寬齋死後，這一願望才得到實現。最後則是評述該書傳入中國後所獲得的種種反響，並指出其在中國文獻學史以及中日文化交流史上所據有的特殊地位。"Tang Poems Addenda" ("Quan Tang Shi Yi") edited by the Japanese writer, Mr. Kansai Ichikawa, is the first book that made addenda to "All Tang's Poems" ("Quan Tang Shi") and has always drawn wide attentions. However, little was known about the history of the book of "Tang Poems Addenda". This paper makes an attempt to reveal the history surrounding the book. Firstly, this paper finds out how Mr. Kansai wrote the book based on Japanese literatures and what difficulties he had to face to publish the book. Secondly, this paper details the journey this book made to the west. Mr. Kansai’s son, Mr. Mitsui, took a painful voyage to bring the book to Nagasaki, hoping to get it published in "Zhi Bu Zu Zhai Cong Shu” through the hands of Chinese merchants. Unfortunately, his dream did not come true until after Mr. Kansai passed away. Lastly, this paper describes the responses that this book had received after its entrance into China, and reveals the particular roles that this book had played in the Chinese literature history as well as in the history of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges.
上海圖書館藏清人詩話稿鈔本26種提要
Authors: 張 寅彭
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
上海圖書館所藏清人詩話之稿本與鈔本，數量甚夥。然藏之深閣，多有未為人知者。其中《我儂詩話》、《窮愁漫語》、《應體詩話》等數種迄無刊本，而其所具有的詩學與文獻價值實極待於發覆。其他已有刊本者約可分為兩類，一類如《劍溪説詩》、《絸齋詩談》、《拜經樓詩話》等，刊本與稿本差別甚大，可據以勘知當年成書之情況；一類如《耄餘詩話》、《蘇亭詩話》等，一版而絕，流布不廣，似可據以重刊。又有撰人、卷數、成書年份等基本情況不清者，此次考出《詩剩》作於康熙年間，《我儂詩話》作者徐姓（各家著錄為賈赤夫、蘇靜涵、文魯齋三人作）、《蠅須館詩話》原為五卷等，或可方便今後之使用。There are a large number manuscripts and hand-copied books about the views of poetry of Qing Dynasty which have a vast Amount value of collecting and documenting collected in Shanghai Library, but practically no one noticed them among which WoNong's Views of Poetry and the Random Thoughts to the Views of Poetry with Pent-up Feelings of Sadness and the Views of Poetry about Pomes assigning a subject for examinations have not been Published yet. The parts of the manuscripts and hand-copied books of the views of poetry of Qing Dynasty collected by Shanghai Library had been published, among which have two kinds: the first like JianXi Commenting Poetry and Discussing Poetry in A Study Room Named Jian and Discussing Pomes Gathered in Bai Jing Building etc. were that the issues were very different with the manuscripts, through which we would know this situations how and why to be finished at that times. The second like the Informal Discussing Poetry at the longevity Age and the Pomes collected by Predecessors and Something Concerned and the wise views about sushi’s pomes etc. were out of print, so we could publish them again for unearthing their value. The another parts of the manuscript and hand-copied books of the views of poetry of Qing Dynasty collected by Shanghai Library were that we had not known any basic information for them, now I have textual researched for some. For example, the Pomes collected by Predecessors and Something Concerned was finish during Kangxi years; the writer of the WoNong's Views of Poetry was Mr. Xu (The forefathers had been believing the writer of the WoNong's Views of Poetry were Chifu Jia and Jinhan Su and Luqi Wen); in fact, Discussing poetry at Yingxu house has five volumes.
董文渙《聲調四譜圖説》辯疑
Authors: 李 立信
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
唐人近體，有固定之平仄及粘對：古體則未聞有固定之平仄、粘對，有之自董文涣《聲調四譜圖説》始。清人王文簡、趙秋谷、翁方綱等人均有古詩平仄之説，但基本上只強調某字宜平、某字宜仄；而董文渙《聲調四譜圖説》則強調古詩一如近體，有固定之平仄、粘對，而且七言出自五言，五言出自四言，而「四言為詩法之祖」，「即聲調之法，亦實為五、七言之權輿」；且近體平仄、粘對，實緣於古體平仄粘對。
董氏云云，殊昧於事實。蓋平、仄四聲，緣出於六朝，永明體、齊梁體實由古入律之漸，前此之古詩，實無平、仄四聲之説，亦無語可言；董氏倒果為因，以為近體平仄出於古體；再者，唐人古體與唐以前之古體，不盡相同，但董氏所謂之古體，但指唐人律化之古風，其謬可知。尤有甚者，近體、字數、句數有一定之規律，不可增減；而古體無一定字數、句數之規定，甚且不必全然齊言，偶亦可見雜言，如此纷雜，如何定出固定之圖譜？足見董氏之説，在在不合事實，其説之謬誤，已不辯而自明矣。 It is generally agreed that there are ping-tse (fixed tone sequence in each line) and nien-tui (repetition and conast of tone sequence between lines) in the modem style poetry of T’ang Dynasty. As for the old style poetry, there seems to have neither fixed ping-tse nor nien-tui. But Tung Wen-huan of the Ch’ing Dynasty insisted, in his Four Chart of Tones Sequence, that the old style, just like the modern style, required both fixed ping-tse and nien-tui. He regarded seven-syllabic poetry as being derived from five-syllabic poetry, and five-syllabic poetry from four-syllabic poetry. He therefore declared that four-syllabic poetry is the ancestor of all later poetry, and the ping-tse and nien-tui of the modern style were derived from those of the old style. What Tung declared is absolutely wrong. The four tones division are establised in the Six Dynasty. What so called “yung-ming style” and “chi-liang style” were examples of old style poetry which started to have regulated requirement. Before that there was no such idea of tone sequence in poetry. Tung has mistaken the effect as cause. Tung’s misjudgement seems to be derived from his mistaking the regulated old style poetry of the T’ang Dynasty as the original old style poetry. There are some obvious difference between these two kind poetry. Anyway, since old style poetry requires neither fixed syllable in a line nor fixed lines in a poem, it is impossible to establish any chart of tone sequence. Tung’s work is obviously a failure.
《楚辭》、《淮南》、《文子》三書楚語探究——再論《淮南》《文子》兩書因襲關係兼與王利器敎授商榷
Authors: 何 志華
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
屈宋諸騷，皆書楚語，其實《淮南》亦然。考劉安自幼生長於淮南，受封於阜陵，阜陵屬九江郡，其地即漢高祖所立淮南國。其後，劉安襲父封淮南，此後未嘗遷封。淮南地在淮水、廬江附近，而戰國楚地則在江、淮、漢、湘流域之間，兩者所處地域其實相同，是以劉安及其門客編撰《淮南》一書，每用楚語。顧炎武嘗謂「《淮南》多楚語」，其實不難理解。本文嘗試比勘《楚辭》、《淮南》兩書，蒐集兩書互見楚語，考證此等楚語其用例與義訓可有異同之處。
此外，新近出版王利器敖授遺著〈《文子疏義》序〉，指出《淮南》、《文子》兩書內容每多重複，當中每為《淮南》用楚語而《文子》作常用語，王氏因而論斷《淮南》抄襲《文子》，並將常用語改作楚語。本文嘗試全面比對《淮南》、《文子》兩書內容，發現《文子》其實亦有用楚語者，而此等楚語恰巧又見《淮南》，可見王利器論説並不成立。It is a well known fact that the Chu dialect was widely used in the Chuci 楚辭 (Elegies of Chu), but few scholars of the Huainanzi 淮南子 realise that vocabulary in the Chu dialect is also found in the Huainanzi. The Huainanzi was put together by Liu An 劉安, the king of Huainan 淮南 in the Western Han 西漢, whose biography is to be found in the Shiji 史記. Liu An grew up in Huainan, which was located in the Empire of Chu 楚國 of the Pre-Qin period. For this reason a considerable number of vocabulary items from the Chu dialects can be found in the Huainanzi. This article attempts to make a comparative study of the meanings of the Chu dialect words which appear in both the Chuci and the Huainanzi.
The Huainanzi and the Wenzi 文子 overlap to a large extent. Recently, Wang Li-qi 王利器 discovered that in such duplications, the Wenzi would use the Lingua Franca where the Huainanzi used the Chu vocabulary and concluded that in all such cases the difference came about, because the Huainanzi replaced the generally accepted Lingua Franca by the Chu vocabulary.
This article points out the cases where some of the Chu vocabulary which is also found in the Wenzi. Thus it would seem that the theory put forward by Professor Wang Li-qi leaves room for doubt.
《文選》的成書與流傳
Authors: 興 膳宏
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

《文選》是選擇從先秦至六朝梁的詩文精華而構成的一部總合性的總集。這部由梁昭明太子蕭統（501—531）主持編纂的選集，在唐代以後的中國文學史上持續有巨大的影響。科舉取士特別重視美文創作，所以更加促進並奠定了《文選》的權威，以致到了南宋也還有「《文選》爛，秀才半」之諺語（陸游《老學庵筆記》卷八）。該書在日本也自古代以來一直得到讀書人的愛好，甚至《文選集注》等在中國大陸早已散佚的寶貴資料也都流傳到今天。(撮要取自內文首段)
中國文學觀念的演變和文學的自覺
Authors: 張 少康
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文從中國古代文學觀念演變的角度，進一步申述了「文學的獨立和自覺非自魏晉始」的觀點，認為文學的獨立和自覺是從戰國中期開始初露端倪，而到西漢後期劉向校書時基本完成，並對近年來有關文學的自覺自魏晉開始經過三百年才完成的説法，提出了不同意見。Concerning the changes of ancient Chinese literary thoughts, this essay gives further accounts on the point of view that "the self-awareness and independence of Chinese literature was not appeared from the Wei-Jin era.” With a theory that the independent literary conscious in China should be germinated in the mid-Zhan Guo era, and fundamentally done by Liu Xiang's textual criticism in the late Xi Han dynasty, this essay provides for the subject a different perspective.
賈母：中國文學史上之第一母儀
Authors: 季 學源
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

賈母形象集中凝聚了我國古代老祖母的一切思想、情懷：同時，又顯現了中國社會歷史大轉型時期母親的主要時代特徵。本文從三個方面對此展開論證：一、賈母性格中的新文化思想因素：（一）世界觀、人生觀：她不信鬼神宗敎，不求來世美好，而追求現實的人間幸福，她的死也是美的；（二）倫理道德觀：母愛是其倫理道德的出發點、過程和歸宿。她借母愛之偉力，盡力填平「代溝」、「性溝」；（三）婚姻觀和女性價值觀：她反覆強調的是婚姻當事人本身的條件，而不是門第、貧富。與男尊女卑觀念相反，她對女孩兒始終關愛有加，遠勝於男子；（四）審美觀：她是生命之花、人生之美的培育者、讚賞者和呵護者。二、賈母與鳳姐的關係，反映了新型婆媳關係之萌始，揭示了女性的新文化心態。三、後四十回有不少關於賈母之精彩章回，也有若干拙筆、敗筆，這是造成對賈母形象誤讀的主要原因。Mother Jia is the miniature of her age. Her thought, behavior and main characteristics represent all that of a mother at the great time of historic transition. This article discusses these from three aspects: 1. The thoughts and cultural factors in Mother Jia: a. Outlook on the entire world and life: she is neither superstitious nor religious; She pursuits human happiness in reality rather than that after death. Even her death is a kind of beauty, b. Ethical and moral standards: Maternal love is the starting point, procedure and home of ethical and moral standards. She tries to bridge the gaps among generations and sexes with the power of maternal love. c. View of marriage and female value: She emphasizes repeatedly the natural conditions of the two persons of a marriage not the family background or property. She takes great care of her daughters but not her sons, which is contrary to the social customs-man were revered while women were looked down upon. d. Aesthetics of beauty: She seems to be the flower of life, the gardener, praise and guardian of human beauty. 2. The relationship between Mother Jia and Sister Feng (daughter-in-low) signals the beginning of a new era of that between mothers and daughters-in- low, reveals the new cultural ideas of the female. 3. In the latter forty chapters of the story, a great deal of compliments were given to Mother Jia, but some degradations of her also appears too, which I think are the main factors that result in the misunderstanding of Mother Jia by the readers.
原孝
Authors: 陳 致
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本文從文獻與古文字資料出發，探討了孝這一先秦儒家重要概念的來源。本文首先探討了孝、老、考、ㄎ諸字的來源，認為孝字本義類享，是指以酒食奉養父母。通過將《詩•小雅•楚茨》與《禮記•郊特牲》、《儀禮•少牢饋食禮》以及金文中所見西周孝享之禮的比勘研究，本文試圖勾勒出一個早期的孝享活動基本儀文制度和禮節。本文的結論是孝之本義生於事生，然後擴而為事死。其初或為簡單的醴餼之獻，而其後事死之禮愈隆，终於與祭天地神祇之禮並重。《孝經》中分天子、卿大夫與士庶之孝，《論語》中所説的孝的具體原則（不失禮、不辱親、敬親和愛親），於是乎隨着時代的發展而產生。一個日常生活中的孝，擴而為宗敎行為，又進而赋予豐富的倫理內涵。The present paper seeks to explore the origin of the concept of "Filiality" in early China in light of documentary examination and paleographic analysis. It discusses the etymology of a few characters in early writing, such as xiao 孝, lao 老, kao 考 and kao ㄎ, and argues that the original meaning of xiao depicts a son presenting food and wine to his father. In this paper, I have also compared the "Chuci" 楚茨 (Dense Is the Tribulus) poem in the Book of Odes, the "Jiaotesheng" 郊特牲 (The Single Victim at the Border Sacrifices) chapter of the Records on Ceremonial, the "Shaolao Kuishi li" 少牢饋食禮 (The Food Presentation and Lesser Offerrings) chapter of the Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial, with some description of food and wine presentation in bronze inscriptions of the Zhou dynasty, attempting to draw a picture of the content and precedure of xiao activity in Western Zhou. My conclusion is that the concept of xiao originated from a concrete picture of a son presenting food to his father (serving his living elders), and was extended to describe serving the dead. As the time went by, the presentation to the dead became more important and ceremonious. The concept of xiao, therefore, underwent a course of abstraction from the presentation of food and wine to elders to an important value Filiality in Confucian ethics.
《中論校注》
Authors: 詹 杭倫
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

徐幹為「建安七子」之一，其著《中論》，顯譽當時。魏文帝曹丕《典論•論文》評云：「唯幹著《論》，成一家言。」又《與吳質書》評云：「觀古今文人，類不護細行，鮮能以名節自立。而偉長獨懷文抱質，恬淡寡欲，有箕山之志，可謂彬彬之君子者矣。著《中論》二十餘篇，成一家之言，辭義典雅，足傳於後，此子為不朽矣。」曹丕對徐幹《中論》「足傳於後」的預測是非常準確的，《中論》一書的確披星戴月、歷塊過都，一直流傳到今天。古書的傳與不傳，有幸與不幸之別。《中論》能夠流傳，自然是一件幸事；但是，不幸的是，《中論》一書長期未能得到今人很好的整理研究，導致不少學者只聞其名，未見其書。這不能不説是一件憾事。不過，這一遺憾現在已經得到彌補，四川學者徐湘霖的《中論校注》一書，最近由巴蜀書社出版發行。從此，學者欲閲讀《中論》，就有了一個容易尋找且比較可信的校注本。我欣喜地閲讀了《中論校注》，感受到它有幾個鮮明的學術特點，值得向讀者作一番介紹推薦：(撮要取自內文首段)
《文字訓詁叢稿》
Authors: 郝 茂
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

古往今來，漢字在漫長的歷史發展過程中為承載我國的傳統文化立下了汗馬功勞。與它的使用相伴隨，漢字的研究同樣源遠流長，文字學是傳統國學研究中頗為興旺發達的一門學科。時至今日，語文研究者仍致力於斯，撰述夥頤。香港大學中文系單周堯敎授的新著《文字訓詁叢稿》（台北文史哲出版社《文史哲學集成》第426冊，2000年3月版）正是一部立足傳統而鋭意創新的文字學著作。(撮要取自內文首段)
《散文研究》
Authors: 陳 德錦
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

作者來自中國各地，寫作年資參差不齊，理論背景各不相同，適逢其會地走在一起，寫散文、談散文。五百多頁的篇幅，過百篇文字，既不是一本有關散文家的研究專著，也不是一本有關散文文體的理性思辯集，甚至也不是對散文寫作的前景進行認真分析的意見書，然而對於近十年中國散文界吹起的一場「大散文」熱浪，《散文研究》很可能是最好的一次全面展覽。(撮要取自內文首段)
《唐代集會總集與詩人羣研究》
Authors: 陳 漢文
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

舉凡研究唐詩的，均從大家大派入手，對於「詩人羣」的論述可謂不足。傅璇琮在《唐代詩人叢考•李嘉佑考》中曾整體考察中唐大曆的作家羣。其後，學者從作家羣的角度展開討論的著作相繼出版。賈晉華的《唐代集會總集與詩人羣研究》是首本以「集會總集」及「詩人羣」為名的學術著作。「集會總集」乃「著者曾經在一定時間裏聚集於一定地點從事詩歌唱和或其他文學活動，往往有較多人參與，形成一定規模的詩人羣體」。「詩人羣」乃「在一定時間段裏，曾經聚集於一定地點從事詩歌唱和或其他文學活動，彼此聯繋密切而又互相影響的一定數量的詩人所形成的羣體」。集會總集與詩人羣的討論難點有三：首先，在於時、地、人的考證。詩人羣的活動範圍廣泛，要考察他們的唱遊活動、聯唱並不容易；其次，集會總集的散佚。詩文為主要的考據資料，集會總集的散失諒必阻礙考證的準確。再者，集會總集向來以宮廷作品為重心，而宮廷詩ー直備受譏議，怎樣恰當地評價又是一個難題。(撮要取自內文首段)
PENGARUH DUKUNGAN ASPIRASI KARIR SEBAGAI GURU DARI KELUARGA TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR MATA KULIAH KEPENDIDIKAN
Authors: Nuraini Jihan Gusvarina , Hasanah Uswatun , Mashabi Nurlaila Abdullah , Silitonga Mirdat
Published: February 2023

Salah satu keberhasilan yang diharapkan dimiliki dari seorang mahasiswa adalah kesiapan terhadap persiapan karir. Yaitu untuk dapat memasuki dunia kerja yang sesuai dengan keahlian dan minatnya. Beragamnya pilihan dalam dunia pekerjaan membuat mahasiswa mengalami kebingungan dalam memilih dan memutuskan jenjang karir yang akan digelutinya. Dalam proses pemilihan karir, keluarga terutama orangtua memiliki peran penting dalam menyalurkan aspirasi karir terhadap anak dengan memberikan dukungan dan informasi pengalam atau pengetahuan yang dimiliki orangtua. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk memperoleh pengetahuan tentang pengaruh dukungan aspirasi karir dari orangtua sebagai guru terhadap motivasi belajar mata kuliah kependidikan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Prodi Pendidikan Vokasional Kesejahteraan Keluarga Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuisioner dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan proportionate random sampling dengan jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 148 responden. Hasil uji regresi dengan taraf signifikan 0,05 Fhitung (88,65) > Ftabel (3,91), nilai signifikan 0,05 dengan thitung (9,42) > ttabel (1,655). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara variable dukungan aspirasi karir dari keluarga terhadap variabel motivasi belajar mata kuliah kependidikan mahasiswa Pendidikan Vokasional Kesejahteraan Keluarga Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian koefisien determinan diperoleh hasil 37,78%  yang dapat disimpulkan bahwa variable dukungan aspirasi karir dari keluarga memberikan sumbangan efektif terhadap motivasi belajar mata kuliah kependidikan dan 62,22% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.
“Mengapa Hidup yang Abstrak Membuat Cita-Cita Lebih Abstrak” (Gambaran Cita-Cita Mahasiswa di Fakultas Psikologi UNJANI)
Authors: Permana Muhammad Zein , Lesthari Fellia
Published: February 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendalami bagaimana penghayatan gambaran cita-cita serta tujuan hidup pada emerging adulthood. Metode penelitian yang ditetapkan, yakni pada metode kualitatif bersifat induktif. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis tematik melalui tiga tahap, yakni initial code, axial code, dan selective code dengan prinsip keabsahan kredibilitas dan peneliti juga melakukan intercoder analysis. Hasil penelitian ditemukan para partisipan dengan goals yang diinginkan, kondisi saat ini, dan proses yang dilakukan. Lalu ditemukan tema terkait keinginan yang berkaitan dalam hal berkeluarga, meningkatkan finansial, dalam hal pendidikan, dalam hal perubahan sikap, dalam hal perasaan, serta cita-cita yang tidak berhubungan dengan bidang psikologi.
PERBEDAAN KECERDASAN EMOSI PADA MUSISI SEKULER DAN MUSISI GEREJA DI KOTA SALATIGA
Authors: Purnama Stevan Marcellino
Published: February 2023

Emotional intelligence is an ability needed in the daily life to confront various situation and condition, especially for both secular and christian musicians which have demand and pressure in living their life phases. Some researches find that most people who deals with the music direclty, either playing or listening to it, have good emotional intelligence. Yet, it does not certify that all secular and christian musicians have good emotional and vice versa. This research is done to know the emotional intelligence differences between secular musicians and christian musicians in Salatiga. The emotional intelligence is measured using emotional intelligence scale according to Goleman (2003) which is developed by Perwitasari (2015). The sample is collected using purposive sampling technique. The subject of the research consists of 36 secular musicians and 37 christian musicians in Salatiga. The data analysis is done by hypothesis test using Independent Sample T-Test which is processed with the help of SPSS 25.0 version. According to the hypothesis test using Independent Sample T-Test shows that the significance value is p = 0,200 (p > 0.05) which means there is not any emotional intelligence differences between secular musicians and christian musicians in Salatiga.
ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR KELOMPOK BELAJAR MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING FAKULTAS ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
Authors: Menanti Asih , Murad Abdul , Ginting Rafael Lisinus
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebutuhan adanya data empirik tentang Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) di dalam kelompok belajar mahasiswa Prodi BK FIP UNIMED, untuk tindakan preventif dan kuratif OCB. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat OCB, OCB-I, dan OCB-O di dalam kelompok belajar pada mahasiswa Prodi BK FIP UNIMED. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang bersifat ex post facto. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 192 orang mahasiswa Prodi BK FIP UNIMED, diambil secara total dari populasi yang terdiri dari 97 orang mahasiswa semester IV Tahun Angkatan 2019 dan 95 orang mahasiswa semester VI Tahun Angkatan 2018. Penelitian dan penyususunan laporan dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai November 2021. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan skala Likert, dan analisis data menggunakan perhitungan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat OCB di dalam belajar pada mahasiswa Prodi BK FIP UNIMED secara menyeluruh termasuk cukup dengan pencapaian rata-rata 3,40. Tingkat OCB-I di dalam kelompok belajar termasuk cukup dengan pencapaian rata-rata 3,41, dan tingkat OCB-O termasuk cukup dengan pencapaian rata-rata 3,39. Apabila dilihat berdasarkan dimensi-dimensi OCB diketahui bahwa dimensi yang termasuk tinggi adalah pada dimensi conscientiousness dengan pencapaian rata-rata 4,06,  dimensi courtesy dengan pencapaian rata-rata 4,32, dan dimensi cheerleading dengan pencapaian rata-rata 4,13. Dimensi yang termasuk cukup memadai adalah dimensi altruism dengan pencapaian 3,30, sportsmanship dengan pencapaian rata-rata 3,93. Dimensi yang termasuk rendah adalah dimensi civic virtue dengan pencapaian rata-rata 1,64 dan dimensi peacemaking dengan pencapaian rata-rata 2,43
PENGARUH BIMBINGAN KEAGAMAAN TERHADAP KEPERCAYAAN DIRI ANAK DI PANTI SOSIAL RUMAH SEJAHTERA TOBELO HALMAHERA UTARA
Authors: Noya Meidy D Ar , Wowe Tommy
Published: February 2023

Rendahnya rasa percaya diri merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang dialami baik orang tua, anak maupun anak-anak. Kepercayaan diri itu lahir dari kesadaran bahwa jika memutuskan untuk melakukan sesuatu, maka sesuatu itu pula yang harus dilakukan. Kepercayaan diri itu akan datang dari kesadaran individu bahwa individu tersebut memiliki tekad untuk melakukan apapun, sampai tujuan yang ia inginkan tercapai. Bimbingan agama dan nasehat dilaksanakan semata-mata bertujuan agar para anak di Panti Sosial piatu ini dapat mempersiapkan diri mereka dalam menghadapi perkembangan zaman. Apabila tidak diberikan bimbingan mereka nantinya akan mengalami kegagalan dalam hidupnya seperti apatis, putus asa terhadap  segala persoalan bahkan mereka merasa terisolir dan terlantar dalam masyarakat.Untuk itu penulis tertarik untuk meneliti bagaimana pengaruh bimbingan agama terhadap kepercayaan diri anak di Panti Sosial Rumah Sejahtera. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Penelitian kuantitatif bertujuan untuk memfokuskan kepada beberapa variabel saja. Hasil uji paired t-test menunjukan bahwa nilai Thitung sebesar 7,796> nilai Ttabel sebesar 2,200 dan hasil nilai signifikan Sig. (2-tailed) yaitu sebesar 0,000. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa nilai signifikan Sig. (2-tailed) 0,000 < 0,05 maka Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak.
Stres pada Narapidana Perempuan Pelaku Pembunuhan Berencana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas II A Semarang
Authors: Oiladang Nona Apungchris F , Kristianingsih S.A
Published: February 2023

Stres adalah pengalaman emosional negative yang disertai dengan perubahan fisiologis, kognitif, dan perilaku yang bertujuan untuk mengubah atau menyesuaikan diri terhadap situasi yang menyebabkan stres. Penelitiam ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran sumber stres pada seorang narapidana perempuan pelaku pembunuhan berencana. Metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara dan observasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah dua orang dengan kriteria subjek yaitu: perempuan, narapidana pelaku pembunuhan berencana. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIA Semarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kondisi saat ini kedua subjek tidak menunjukan gejala stres yang disebabkan oleh lamanya masa hukuman, perasaan bersalah, kasus, dan lingkungan dalam lapas. Hubungan kedua subjek dengan sesama WBP dan petugas baik, kedua subjek tidak pernah menunjukan sikap yang kurang baik. Kedu asubjek mengikuti peraturan yang ada dengan baik. Kedua subjek menunjukan gejala stres emosional, kognitif dan fisiologis. Perbedaan kedua subjek terletak pada subjek kedua yaitu gejala fisiologis karena ada penyakit kronis yang diderita oleh subjek kedua. Bentuk koping yang dilakukan kedua subjek yaitu berdoa, mengisi waktu kosong dengan mengikuti kegiatan di Lapas dan mengikuti program pengembangan diri
REVIEW ARTICLE: PENGARUH KECANDUAN BERMAIN MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP KESEHATAN MENTAL PADA REMAJA
Authors: Indriani Fatma , Rizki Nuzlan Diva Nada , Shofia Hilma , Ralya Jihan Putri
Published: February 2023

Remaja yang mengalami kecanduan bermain media sosial akan lebih sering menghabiskan waktunya untuk bermain media sosial dibanding dengan membangun interaksi dengan keluarga, teman bahkan kerabat lainnya. Hal tersebut mengarah pada mengecilnya lingkaran sosial dengan kuantitas yang menurun dan membuat tingkat stress menjadi lebih tinggi. Perilaku pengunaan media sosial yang berlebihan dikalangan remaja tanpa pemahaman yang cukup dapat menyebabkan tindak body shaming dan hate speech yang dapat berujung  hingga menyebabkan kelainan mental pada penggunanya. Penelitian ini menggunkan metode literature review. Tolok ukur jurnal yang dipilih yaitu jurnal dengan terbitan antara tahun 2020-2022 terdiri dari jurnal nasional dan beberapa website resmi. Pengambilan data dilakukan sekitar bulan April-Juni 2022. Berdasarkan dari hasil dan pembahasan yang ada didapatkan bahwa terdapat huubungan antara kecandan bermain medsos (media sosial) terhadap kesehatan mental pada remaja. Hal tersebut berkaitan dengan frekuensi atau durasi penggunaannya, seperti kurang tidur, produktivitas kerja berkurang, lebih sedikit waktu yang dihabiskan dengan orang lain, dan perasaan yang muncul saat tidak menggunakan internet, seperti perasaan depresi, suasana hati yang murung, kebodohan, dan kekosongan. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah terbukti adanya  hubungan diantara hal tersebut. Oleh sebab itu, disarankan kepada para orang tua untuk lebih memperhatikan sang anak ketika menggunakan HP dan bermain media sosial agar tidak mempengaruhi kondisi mental bagi remaja.
Kajian Fenomenologi Tentang Makna Bullying Dan Pencapaian Posttraumatic Growth Pada Mahasiswa Penyintas Bullying Di Bali
Authors: Laksmi Dewi Cokorde Istri Ayu , Susilawati Luh Kadek Pande Ary
Published: February 2023

Bullying diketahui sebagai fenomena yang biasa terjadi di lingkungan sekolah. Terdapat berbagai bentuk bullying seperti bullying secara langsung, bullying relasional, dan cyberbullying. Bullying dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif baik pada fisik, psikologis, relasional, dan akademik. Dampak negatif tersebut bahkan dapat bertahan dalam jangka panjang sampai individu memasuki perguruan tinggi, dan menimbulkan masalah pada penyesuaian diri dengan kehidupan kampus, proses akademik, serta meninggalkan perkuliahan. Namun pada beberapa kasus, perjuangan menghadapi bullying dapat menimbulkan pertumbuhan positif pada individu, yang disebut dengan posttraumatic growth. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui dan menggali lebih dalam tentang makna pengalaman bullying dan bagaimana proses pencapaian posttraumatic growth pada mahasiswa penyintas bullying. Informan penelitian terdiri dari tiga mahasiswa yang merupakan dari Bali, dengan usia 18-21 tahun dan pernah mengalami bullying semasa sekolah. Metode penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif dengan desain descriptive phenomenological analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makna bullying bagi mahasiswa penyintas bullying memiliki dua sisi berbeda, yaitu bullying sebagai hal yang negatif dan bullying sebagai hal yang membawa hikmah positif. Proses yang dilalui untuk mencapai posttraumatic growth yaitu mengalami guncangan psikologis, pemaknaan bullying, transformasi diri, dan kemunculan posttraumatic growth. Posttraumatic growth yang muncul pada mahasiswa penyintas bullying di Bali juga erat kaitannya dengan budaya Bali.
PERBEDAAN KETIDAKJUJURAN AKADEMIK BERDASARKAN JENIS KELAMIN DAN EFIKASI DIRI PADA SISWA SMA KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Mukhtar Desvi Yanti , Rola Fasti
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji perbedaan ketidakjujuran akademik berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan efikasi diri pada siswa SMA Kota Medan. Ketidakjujuran akademik adalah suatu tindakan atau perbuatan melanggar aturan atau tidak sah yang dilakukan oleh siswa dalam bentuk menyontek, kolaborasi tidak sah, dan plagiarism di lingkungan pendidikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melibatklan 385 siswa pada salah satu SMA di Kota Medan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan Skala Ketidakjujuran Akademik yang disusun oleh Ampuni dkk (2019) dan Skala Efikasi Diri disusun oleh Sofia (2020). Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis komparatif dengan menggunakan uji anova dua jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) tidak terdapat perbedaan ketidakjujuran akademik pada siswa laki-laki maupun perempuan (F=0.002 dan p>.05), (2) terdapat perbedaan ketidakjujuran akademik berdasarkan efikasi diri yakni semakin tinggi efikasi diri yang dimiliki siswa maka semakin rendah ketidakjujuran akademik (F=8.079 dan p<.05).
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERSEPSI SISWA TERHADAP INTERAKSI GURU-SISWA DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DENGAN DISIPLIN BELAJAR
Authors: Kur’ani Nur
Published: February 2023

Keberhasilan siswa tidak akan lepas dari pendidikan yang diperolehnya. Namun untuk mencapai keberhasilan, siswa harus menerapkan perilaku disiplin dengan mematuhi dan mentaati norma peraturan yang berlaku disekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan persepsi siswa terhadap interaksi guru-siswa dan motivasi belajar dengan disiplin belajar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan populasi 60 siswa dan sampel sebanyak 30 siswa. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII di SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak. Adapun pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1. Ada hubungan positif antara persepsi siswa terhadap interaksi guru-siswa dengan disiplin belajar dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (R) sebesar 61,6% ;2) ada hubungan positif antara motivasi belajar dengan disiplin belajar dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (R) sebesar 83,8%;3) secara bersama-sama ada hubungan antara persepsi siswa terhadap interaksi guru-siswa dan motivasi belajar dengan disiplin belajar dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (R) sebesar 85,3%. Hal ini mengandung pengertian siswa yang yang memiliki persepsi yang positif terhadap interaksi guru-siswa dan memiliki motivasi belajar yang tinggi akan memiliki disiplin belajar yang tinggi. Persepsi siswa terhadap interaksi guru-siswa dan motivasi belajar berpengaruh pada disiplin belajar sebesar 72,8% sisanya 27,2% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan secara bersama-sama persepsi siswa terhadap interaksi guru-siswa dan motivasi belajar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap disiplin belajar sehingga disiplin belajar dapat ditingkatkan dengan meningkatkan persepsi siswa terhadap interaksi guru-siswa dan motivasi belajar.
Pengaruh Insomnia Terhadap Konsentrasi Belajar Siswa MTSs Al Washliyah Tanjung Morawa
Authors: Saragih Nurul Azmi , Ariani Fani Dwi , Dewi Ika Sandra
Published: February 2023

Konsentrasi belajar pada siswa kelas VIII MTs Al-Washliyah tergolong rendah, salah satu penyebabnya adalah tidur yang tidak teratur dan berakibat Insomnia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh Insomnia terhadap konsentrasi belajar siswa MTs Al-Washliyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa angket dengan 40 butir soal. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 125 siswa, sedangkan sampel pada penelitian diambil dengan menggunakan teknik Simple Random Sampling, jadi sampelnya berjumlah 38 siswa. Uji hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji korelasi Product Moment dan Uji T, hasil yang diperoleh dari uji korelasi adalah 0,494 dengan koefisien korelasi yang sedang dan hasil uji T thitung > ttabel atau 3,408 > 2.028. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Insomnia memberikan hubungan dan pengaruh negatif terhadap konsentrasi belajar, dimana jika semakin tinggi Insomnia maka semakin rendah konsentrasi belajar siswa MTs Al-Washliyah Tanjung Morawa Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021.
Investigation of the stress-strain state of a turbine blade twisted according to the potential vortex law by the finite element method
Authors: Romanov A. S. , Laptev M. A. , Matveev Y. V. , Okunev E. I. , Roschenko G. A. , Yudin R. O.
Published: February 2023

Increase of power and complication of turbomachinery design is accompanied by stricter requirements to their reliability. Increasing the service life of turbomachinery is also one of the main tasks of quality improvement. Since the blade is a highly loaded element of any turbomachine, high operational requirements are imposed on it, expressed in reliability and durability of this element. A large number of factors affect the performance of the blade, one of which is its twist. The purpose of the current study is to determine the effect of twist of a gas turbine blade twisted according to the potential vortex law.

The results of research of twist law influence on stress-strain state of the blade of the last stage of axial gas turbine, twisted according to the potential vortex laware presented. For this purpose, using the internal packages Ansys, CFX and Static Structural, we performed an interdisciplinary conjugate analysis of the solutions of the computational gas dynamics and static strength problems. During the analysis of the static strength problem we considered the tensile stresses arising in the field of centrifugal forces, bending stress (in different planes — from the pressure difference between inlet and outlet and from the pressure difference on the concave and convex surfaces of the blade), torsional stress, as well as thermal stress.

Evaluation of the obtained results in conjunction with the analysis of previously derived analytical dependencies allowed to establish the influence of blade twist on the stress-strain state. The factor of torsion stresses and deformations should be taken into account when designing twisted blades and their subsequent gas-dynamic and strength estimation.
STUDI ANALISIS DATA DIFRAKSI SINAR-X PADA MATERIAL ZIRCON PASIR ALAM MELALUI METODE RIETVELD
Authors: Rani Sefrilita Risqi Adikaning
Published: February 2023

ZrSiO4 (zircon) material derived from natural sand has been successfully synthesized to produce single crystals. Structural analysis and phase change were studied by X-Ray diffraction. Rietveld analysis was carried out as a method of analyzing X-Ray Diffraction data. Zircon with a tetragonal crystal structure has been successfully synthesized to produce single crystals of ZrSiO4 with space group I41/amd. The results of the Rietveld analysis of single crystal ZrSiO4 samples with a tetragonal structure obtained lattice parameters a= 6.602727 (323) c= 5.978810 (317) with a crystal size distribution of 527.033 (0) nm and macrostrains of 0.001x10-4.
STUDI KUALITAS EDIBLE FILM BERBASIS LIMBAH AIR CUCIAN BERAS (ORYZA SATIVA) DAN PEKTIN KULIT PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN GLISEROL
Authors: Azizah Ilham Siti Asyiqah , Rahmaniah  , Fitriyanti
Published: February 2023

The edible film is a thin layer that can be used as a food coating made from natural ingredients, which functions as a barrier to mass transfer such as moisture and oxygen. In minimizing environmental problems due to synthetic plastic waste, research was carried out on the manufacture of edible films from rice washing water waste (Oryza sativa) and papaya peel pectin (Carica papaya L.) with the addition of glycerol. This study aims to determine the quality of the mechanical properties and physical properties of edible films. The mechanical test includes the tensile strength test, elongation test, and absorption test for water resistance, while the physical test includes the FTIR test. In this study, the results of the tensile strength test on the sample met SNI 7818:2014. The results of the sample elongation test have complied with SNI 7818:2014 and JIS, 1975. The lowest water absorption was obtained in the sample with the addition of 5% glycerol. The FTIR results of the samples showed that there were no new functional groups and they still had distinctive groups in their pectin and CMC structures.
STUDI POTENSI AIR TANAH MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK KONFIGURASI SCHLUMBERGER DAN WENNER DI KAMPUNG NAMBON KABUPATEN JAYAPURA
Authors: Kareth Zakaria Victor , Anou Kezia Noviani
Published: February 2023

Kampung Nambon is a village in Jayapura regency which has no access to clean water. Groundwater is an alternative water source for villages which are prone to surface water sources. Groundwater aquifers are porous and permeable subsurface layers which can hold and transmit groundwater. Geoelectric method is a common geophysical method for groundwater exploration due to direct relationship between resistivity and water content. The objective of this study is to characterize subsurface structure of Kampung Nambon and to estimate the depth of potential groundwater aquifer using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) of Schlumberger array and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) of Wenner array. An ERT line of 100 metres whose midpoint is the sounding point of VES with maximum electrode spacing (AB/2) of 250 metres were performed. The results show that subsurface at Kampung Nambon is heterogeneous with significant lateral variation where karst formation was estimated at depth range of 5 – 15 meters. This karst formation might contain groundwater flow as indicated by relatively low resistivity values compared to high resistivity background of Limestone from Jayapura formation (Qpj).