bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mining web content usage patterns of electronic commerce transactions for enhanced customer services
Authors: Ehikioya Sylvanus A. , Zeng Jinbo
Published: May 2021

A successful business intelligence solution can help organizations improve the quality and speed of their decision‐making processes by analyzing the consolidated information collected from their websites. Using the current Web server log standard, which indicates only the locations of served Web pages, may lead to inaccurate business analysis for data driven and frequently updated static content Web pages. A properly defined Web content usage data warehouse that captures both dynamic and static contents of web pages provides rich data source for discovering interesting business rules among users' activities. This paper demonstrates the simplicity of data extract, transform and load procedures to import raw Web content usage log to various data models for data analysis, reporting and data mining tools. In this paper, we use two data mining techniques (expected maximization and the prefixspan algorithms) for visitor grouping and path analysis to find interesting patterns in Web content usage log data, an important component of e‐commerce Web sites traffic analysis. Visitor grouping uses data clustering to group visitors/sessions with similar selected attributes' value. Path analysis mines common visiting path sequence. The ultimate goal is to enable the online merchant provide enhanced and differentiated marketing services generally to its existing and potential customers and tell what items customers are interested in instead of ambiguous URLs.
Direct simplicial dynamics: Simulations in biomechanics
Authors: Raghavan Raghu , Brady Martin L.
Published: May 2021

We develop a method for calculating mechanics of surfaces, of bodies, and of bodies with surfaces, directly with the geometric discretization of such bodies into simplices, rather than discretizing the partial differential equations of continuum mechanics in either finite element or finite difference approximations. We have applied this approach to selected simulations in biomechanics. Simplices have exactly the degrees of freedom to describe symmetric tensors, and our approach constructs the mechanics of media without having to apply a Galerkin basis of piecewise affine maps to differential equations. We also formulate a discrete shape operator as a symmetric affine matrix which may be used to describe bending energies, including anisotropy, for surfaces in a systematic way, analogous to the use of the metric tensor for strain elasticity. Given the uncertainties and complexities of biological tissue mechanics that would make formulating differential equations, constitutive properties, and boundary conditions difficult, we offer direct simplicial mechanics as an alternative for selected applications worthy of consideration. The present version is focused on statics, but we indicate an approach to dynamical phenomena. The methods detailed in this paper have been incorporated into software intended for commercial applications of simulations in biomechanics of tissue and full details on the mathematical method and the formulas needed for implementation are provided here. Several illustrative examples of simulations are given.
Concept of a new overrunning clutch with the characteristic of reverse force transfer at high speed
Authors: Zhao Huiyong , Wang Baohua , Zhang Guangde , Li Jiao
Published: May 2021

To extend the functionality of the overrunning clutch. A new overrunning clutch with the characteristic of reverse torque transfer direction at high speed is proposed in this paper. This clutch consists of a traditional one‐way overrunning clutch and a reverse torque transfer direction subsystem. It has three work scenarios according to the angular velocity relationship between the master shaft and the slave part, which are positive torque transfer direction, overrunning, and reverse torque transfer direction. The principle and schematic structure of this clutch are detailed, relationships among the rollers, springs, and hammers are discussed, and threshold angular velocity of reverse torque transfer direction is achieved. The dynamic model of the reverse torque transfer direction part of this concept is established with Simulink software. A series of simulation scenarios that the slave shaft's rotational speed changed at different spring stiffness is conducted. The results show that the threshold value of the reverse torque transfer direction is increasing with the decrease of the spring stiffness. At last, a prototype system is made to roughly validate the feasibility of this concept.
Combining experimental and logging data for calculation of the true skin factor of a horizontal well
Authors: Ma Yongxin , Li Mingjun , Li Yao , Liu Peng , Yang Binghua , Gao Hongyi
Published: May 2021

Horizontal wells are an effective way to develop oil and gas fields with large drain areas, leading to high production rates and recoveries. They have been widely used in low permeability oil‐gas reservoirs, shale gas reservoirs, coalbed methane reservoirs, and so on. To achieve the best production rate of horizontal wells, it is essential to further reduce drilling completion fluid damage to protect the reservoir. The skin factor is the main indicator for evaluating the degree of damage of the drilling completion fluid on the reservoir. However, the skin factor obtained by field tests is the sum of the pseudo‐skin factor and the true skin factor, which cannot precisely evaluate the degree of damage. Therefore, it is important to calculate the true skin factor to correctly evaluate the degree of damage of the drilling completion fluid on a reservoir during the drilling completion process of horizontal wells. In this work, a combined method based on experimental data and logging data is proposed to calculate the true skin factor. First, based on a drilling completion fluid dynamic damage experiment, a relational expression between the initial permeability and the damaged permeability is equated, and then, a relational expression between the permeability of rock samples and the filtration velocity of the drilling completion fluid is formulated. Second, after combining experimental results with logging data, the horizontal reservoir intervals are subdivided and both the damaged permeability of the partial reservoir intervals and the major semiaxis of the damaged ellipse are calculated. Finally, the true skin factor of the horizontal well is computed. This metric provides a more precise evaluation of the effect of drilling completion fluid on a reservoir.
Future direction of agrochemical development for plant disease in China
Authors: Guo Shengxin , He Feng , Song Baoan , Wu Jian
Published: May 2021

The growth of the global population poses a huge challenge to food security. The continuous application of crop protection products has many negative effects including increased pesticide resistance, accumulation of residues, and ecological damage. The challenge for the future is to develop agrochemicals with that are effective, with a high degree of selectivity, environmental friendliness, a low use rate, and cost‐effectiveness. Cutting‐edge developments in natural product chemistry, asymmetric synthesis, and rational drug design, as well as an increasing knowledge of the mechanisms that induce plant immunity, have provided potential solutions. In this review, we discuss the comprehensive use of emerging technologies that will help to tackle these current challenges and issues, highlighting the discovery of novel crop production products and their beneficial properties.
In vitro antioxidant and antitumor study of zein/SHA nanoparticles loaded with resveratrol
Authors: Shi Qiankun , Wang Xinya , Tang Xudong , Zhen Nuo , Wang Yupeng , Luo Zhijian , Zhang Hao , Liu Jingsheng , Zhou Dongfang , Huang Keke
Published: May 2021

Resveratrol (RES) loaded Zein‐SHA (low‐molecular‐weight sodium hyaluronate) nanoparticles with average diameter of about 152.13 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.122, which can be used to encapsulate, protect and deliver resveratrol. By measuring ABTS free radical scavenging ability and iron (III) reducing power, it was determined that encapsulated resveratrol has higher in vitro antioxidant activity than free resveratrol. When tested with murine breast cancer cells 4T1, the encapsulated resveratrol also showed higher antiproliferative activity than free resveratrol, with IC50 values of 14.73 and 17.84 μg/ml, respectively. The colloidal form of resveratrol developed in this research may be particularly suitable for functional foods and beverages, as well as dietary supplements and pharmaceutical products.
VIX term structure: The role of jump propagation risks
Authors: Yang Xinglin , Chen Ji
Published: May 2021

The importance of jump clustering is widely recognized in the financial market. We use the Hawkes process to capture jump propagation risks and study their role in modeling the Volatility Index (VIX) term structure. Applying the joint estimation approach to the S&P 500 index and the VIX term structure, we find that incorporating jump propagation risks is important to reconcile the dynamics of joint data and to model the VIX term structure, especially when the market is highly volatile. The long‐term variance factor further improves the description of the VIX term structure for low and medium market volatility levels.
Droplet Microfluidics for Tumor Drug‐Related Studies and Programmable Artificial Cells
Authors: Dimitriou Pantelitsa , Li Jin , Tornillo Giusy , McCloy Thomas , Barrow David
Published: May 2021

Anticancer drug development is a crucial step toward cancer treatment, that requires realistic predictions of malignant tissue development and sophisticated drug delivery. Tumors often acquire drug resistance and drug efficacy, hence cannot be accurately predicted in 2D tumor cell cultures. On the other hand, 3D cultures, including multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs), mimic the in vivo cellular arrangement and provide robust platforms for drug testing when grown in hydrogels with characteristics similar to the living body. Microparticles and liposomes are considered smart drug delivery vehicles, are able to target cancerous tissue, and can release entrapped drugs on demand. Microfluidics serve as a high‐throughput tool for reproducible, flexible, and automated production of droplet‐based microscale constructs, tailored to the desired final application. In this review, it is described how natural hydrogels in combination with droplet microfluidics can generate MCTSs, and the use of microfluidics to produce tumor targeting microparticles and liposomes. One of the highlights of the review documents the use of the bottom‐up construction methodologies of synthetic biology for the formation of artificial cellular assemblies, which may additionally incorporate both target cancer cells and prospective drug candidates, as an integrated “droplet incubator” drug assay platform.
Porous Fluorocarbon from Rice Husk for the Efficient Separation of Gases
Authors: Bakdash Rashed S. , Aljundi Isam H. , Basheer Chanbasha , Abdulazeez Ismail , Al‐Saadi Abdulaziz A.
Published: May 2021

A porous fluorocarbon sorbent is synthesized from rice husk (RH) in a microwave reactor and then evaluated for the adsorption of different gases (CH4, CO2, and N2). The fluorocarbon is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Raman spectroscopy, Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Significant enhancement in the surface area of activated carbon material is obtained from 29 to 531 m2 g−1 after removing naturally present silica in RH. Results reveal that rice husk fluorocarbon (RHF) has a higher adsorption affinity for CO2 (1.8 mmol g−1) than that of the sulfonated rice husk (RHS) (1.4 mmol g−1) at 298 K while the corresponding separation factor of CO2/CH4 is 4 and 3; respectively. Higher separation factors of 12 and 10 are observed for the binary system of CO2/N2, respectively. Quantum chemical density functional theory (DFT) calculations agree with the experimental observations. They reveal that RHF exhibits strong columbic interactions with considerable interaction energies of −87.85, −76.75, and −55.65 kcal mol−1 with CO2, CH4, and N2 gases; respectively. Finally, the adsorption process results are highly reproducible, with a small decrease in the adsorption capacity of less than 5% after repeated trials.
Ritual stone‐built architecture and shell midden foundation: A semisubterranean structure in hyperarid Atacama Desert coast, Northern Chile
Authors: Power Ximena , Sitzia Luca , Yrarrázaval Sebastián , Salazar Diego , Andrade Pedro , Hernández Valentina , Aliste Catalina , Muth Xavier
Published: May 2021

Hunter‐gatherer architectural practices are one of the main sources of data to understand the complex land use of these societies. In the hyperarid Atacama Desert coast (Northern Chile), hunter‐gatherers‐fishers developed standardized stone‐built architecture during the Late Archaic period (∼5,700–4,000 cal years BP), interpreted so far as sedentary villages or long‐term campsites. Nevertheless, the lack of site formation process studies and systematic chronostratigraphies defy such functional interpretations. To address these issues, we reconstruct the lifecycle of a recently discovered semisubterranean structure at the Zapatero site (~25°S, Taltal). Combining stratigraphy, micromorphology, faunal and lithic analysis, as well as radiocarbon dating, we evidence a broad sequence involving different processes: shell midden formation; a stone‐structure; a prepared burial pit; a burning event; a short‐term occupational episode; and the entombment of the structure. We interpret this sequence as ritualized actions related to commemorative and place‐making activities. Our work stresses the need for new research programs at the Atacama Desert coast, based on geoarchaeological approaches, to understand hunter‐gatherer‐fisher middening and architectural practices from the very materiality involved in stratigraphy‐making processes.
Measurements of the relative permeability to CO2‐and‐brine multiphase fluid of Paaratte formation at near‐reservoir conditions
Authors: Huang Pengyu , Shen Luming , Gan Yixiang , Shen Yinjie , Du Dongxing , Yu Bowei , Maggi Federico , El‐Zein Abbas
Published: May 2021

CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers is a promising method to reduce atmospheric CO2. The on‐going CO2CRC Otway project aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of large‐scale CO2 storage in deep saline formations and to develop new monitoring technologies in Australia. The relative permeability curves are essential for predicting the movements of CO2 and estimate residual trapping in the aquifer during and after injection through numerical simulations. However, studies of relative permeability curves for the Paaratte sandstone at the in situ conditions are limited. In addition, different rock types in the Paaratte formation can behave differently when CO2 displaces brine. This work reports four relative permeability experiments of CO2/brine systems using the unsteady‐state core flooding method for different types of rock collected from various depths of Paaratte formations at near‐reservoir conditions. The relative permeability results calculated from the analytical Johnson, Bossler, and Naumann (JBN) method and the numerical history matching method are compared. The JBN method does not calculate the relative permeability accurately for CO2/brine systems due to the assumptions of incompressible flow, since the CO2 relative permeability results calculated from the JBN method are similar for all the cases. The history matching results show that the brine (water) relative permeability of the core samples with a high fraction of macropores is similar to the measurements for Paaratte formation reported in the literature over a large range of brine (water) saturation. In contrast, the brine relative permeability of the core samples with a high fraction of micropores is considerably higher than that of the core samples with macropores, suggesting better connectivity for the samples with a high fraction of micropores. The new findings will be useful in reservoir‐scale numerical modelings of the Paaratte formation to more accurately predict the movement of CO2 during and after the injection. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of injection well operation conditions on CO2storage capacity in deep saline aquifers
Authors: Abdelaal Mohamed , Zeidouni Mehdi , Duncan Ian J.
Published: May 2021

For large‐scale CO2geological storage (CGS) in deep saline aquifers, storing maximum possible amounts of CO2over the project period is desirable. The ultimate storage capacity of a potential storage site is evidently a function of the static formation characteristics (e.g., formation porosity and thickness). However, it can be dramatically changed by the injectivity variations caused by the dynamic practices utilized during CO2injection. Proper management of a CGS project implies operating the injection well at the optimal well operating condition or injection scheme that ensure optimal injectivity and hence improved ultimate storage capacity. Practically, the operating condition of the injection well is partly controlled by the amount of CO2supplied by the emission source (e.g., power plant), which results in inevitable fluctuations/shut‐downs during the operation. In this work, we investigate the effect of different operating conditions of the injection well on the injectivity and the ultimate storage capacity of the aquifer. With CO2injected continuously or intermittently, constant terminal‐rate and constant terminal‐pressure well operating conditions are studied. Next, we provide a simple net‐present value (NPV) analysis to evaluate the economic feasibility of adopting different injection schemes. The results are applied to a synthetic CGS project with injection history to investigate their implications. Finally, we present a sensitivity analysis to test the effect of varying the injection rate, the vertical permeability, and the formation dip angle on the dynamic storage capacity. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing successful assumed autonomy‐based initiatives: An attention‐based view
Authors: Cavanagh Andrew , Kalfadellis Paul , Freeman Susan
Published: May 2021

Research Summary

Adopting the attention‐based view of the firm as our principal theoretical lens, we explore the mechanisms by which subsidiaries attract or avoid headquarters attention in developing successful assumed autonomy‐based initiatives. To this end, our study utilizes qualitative data from subsidiary and headquarters perspectives in a multiple case study design. Our study reveals that subsidiaries first engage in non‐disclosure of assumed autonomy‐based initiatives to avoid negative headquarters attention. We then highlight the way in which subsidiaries undertake initiative selling to attract positive headquarters attention; in particular, we identify the unique selling criteria of demonstrable financial success and corporate alignment. Finally, we reveal the importance of timing in balancing the competing dual requirements of non‐disclosure and initiative selling.

Managerial Summary

Our paper aims to explore the mechanisms by which subsidiaries attract or avoid attention from headquarters, to ensure that their proactive, autonomous actions facilitate the attainment of an extended role within the MNE. We highlight three mechanisms as especially important here for subsidiary managers. First, we reveal that subsidiaries initially engage in “non‐disclosure” of these actions to avoid negative headquarters attention. Second, we discover that subsidiaries ultimately look to demonstrate the financial success and corporate alignment of their autonomous actions. Finally, we emphasize the importance of timing in balancing the requirements of non‐disclosure and the “selling” of the subsidiary's actions to headquarters.
Altered basal forebrain BOLD signal variability at rest in posttraumatic stress disorder: A potential candidate vulnerability mechanism for neurodegeneration in PTSD
Authors: Olivé Isadora , Makris Nikos , Densmore Maria , McKinnon Margaret C. , Lanius Ruth A.
Published: May 2021

Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at increased risk for the development of various forms of dementia. Nevertheless, the neuropathological link between PTSD and neurodegeneration remains unclear. Degeneration of the human basal forebrain constitutes a pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In this seed‐based resting‐state (rs‐)fMRI study identifying as outcome measure the temporal BOLD signal fluctuation magnitude, a seed‐to‐voxel analyses assessed temporal correlations between the average BOLD signal within a bilateral whole basal forebrain region‐of‐interest and each whole‐brain voxel among individuals with PTSD (n = 65), its dissociative subtype (PTSD+DS) (n = 38) and healthy controls (n = 46). We found that compared both with the PTSD and healthy controls groups, the PTSD+DS group exhibited increased BOLD signal variability within two nuclei of the seed region, specifically in its extended amygdaloid region: the nucleus accumbens and the sublenticular extended amygdala. This finding is provocative, because it mimics staging models of neurodegenerative diseases reporting allocation of neuropathology in early disease stages circumscribed to the basal forebrain. Here, underlying candidate etiopathogenetic mechanisms are neurovascular uncoupling, decreased connectivity in local‐ and large‐scale neural networks, or disrupted mesolimbic dopaminergic circuitry, acting indirectly upon the basal forebrain cholinergic pathways. These abnormalities may underpin reward‐related deficits representing a putative link between persistent traumatic memory in PTSD and anterograde memory deficits in neurodegeneration. Observed alterations of the basal forebrain in the dissociative subtype of PTSD point towards the urgent need for further exploration of this region as a potential candidate vulnerability mechanism for neurodegeneration in PTSD.
The structural and functional connectivity neural underpinnings of body image
Authors: Moayedi Massieh , Noroozbahari Nasim , Hadjis Georgia , Themelis Kristy , Salomons Tim V. , Newport Roger , S. Lewis Jennifer
Published: May 2021

How we perceive our bodies is fundamental to our self‐consciousness and our experience in the world. There are two types of interrelated internal body representations—a subjective experience of the position of a limb in space (body schema) and the subjective experience of the shape and size of the limb (body image). Body schema has been extensively studied, but there is no evidence of the brain structure and network dynamics underpinning body image. Here, we provide the first evidence for the extrastriate body area (EBA), a multisensory brain area, as the structural and functional neural substrate for body shape and size. We performed a multisensory finger‐stretch illusion that elongated the index finger. EBA volume and functional connectivity to the posterior parietal cortex are both related to the participants' susceptibility to the illusion. Taken together, these data suggest that EBA structure and connectivity encode body representation and body perception disturbances.
Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase 5 Regulates the Malignant Phenotype of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Gentilini Alessandra , Lori Giulia , Caligiuri Alessandra , Raggi Chiara , Di Maira Giovanni , Pastore Mirella , Piombanti Benedetta , Lottini Tiziano , Arcangeli Annarosa , Madiai Stefania , Navari Nadia , Banales Jesus M. , Di Matteo Sabina , Alvaro Domenico , Duwe Lea , Andersen Jesper B. , Tubita Alessandro , Tusa Ignazia , Di Tommaso Luca , Campani Claudia , Rovida Elisabetta , Marra Fabio
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is characterized by high resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis. Several oncogenic pathways converge on activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), whose role in CCA has not been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ERK5 in the biology of CCA.

Approach and Results

ERK5 expression was detected in two established (HuCCT‐1 and CCLP‐1) and two primary human intrahepatic CCA cell lines (iCCA58 and iCCA60). ERK5 phosphorylation was increased in CCA cells exposed to soluble mediators. In both HuCCT‐1 and CCLP‐1 cells, ERK5 was localized in the nucleus, and exposure to fetal bovine serum (FBS) further increased the amount of nuclear ERK5. In human CCA specimens, ERK5 mRNA expression was increased in tumor cells and positively correlated with portal invasion. ERK5 protein levels were significantly associated with tumor grade. Growth, migration, and invasion of CCA cells were decreased when ERK5 was silenced using specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The inhibitory effects on CCA cell proliferation, migration and invasion were recapitulated by treatment with small molecule inhibitors targeting ERK5. In addition, expression of the angiogenic factors VEGF and angiopoietin 1 was reduced after ERK5 silencing. Conditioned medium from ERK5‐silenced cells had a lower ability to induce tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and to induce migration of myofibroblasts and monocytes/macrophages. In mice, subcutaneous injection of CCLP‐1 cells silenced for ERK5 resulted in less frequent tumor development and smaller size of xenografts compared with cells transfected with nontargeting shRNA.

Conclusions

ERK5 is a key mediator of growth and migration of CCA cells and supports a protumorigenic crosstalk between the tumor and the microenvironment.
Intuition, the Accimap, and the question “why?” Identifying and classifying higher‐order factors contributing to road traffic collisions
Authors: McIlroy Rich C. , Plant Katherine L. , Stanton Neville A.
Published: May 2021

Although the physical and environmental factors contributing to road traffic collisions are often the most straightforward to identify, they may not necessarily be the most useful in terms of guiding road safety intervention design. From a sociotechnical systems perspective, it is the higher system factors that, if addressed, would provide the widest‐reaching benefits to system outcomes. That said, the identification of these higher‐order factors often requires a level of intuition or imagination; they are not always objectively obvious given the facts of a particular case. Here, we argue for the use of the Accimap approach to accident (or collision) analysis, supplemented with a modified version of the five whys causal analysis technique, for the support and structuring of this intuiting process. We use an analysis of a fatal motorcycle collision to illustrate how coroners in the United Kingdom could be supported in their task of identifying and summarizing factors in accordance with the levels of the Accimap, and according to a categorization scheme indicating how abstract those factors are (i.e., immediate, proximal, or distal). Our analysis identified 21 immediate, 12 proximal, and 33 distal factors contributing to the collision. It is these distal factors that are most likely to lead to longer‐term road safety improvements.
Droplets and aerosols: An artificial dichotomy in respiratory virus transmission
Authors: Drossinos Yannis , Weber Thomas P. , Stilianakis Nikolaos I.
Published: May 2021

In the medical literature, three mutually non‐exclusive modes of pathogen transmission associated with respiratory droplets are usually identified: contact, droplet, and airborne (or aerosol) transmission. The demarcation between droplet and airborne transmission is often based on a cut‐off droplet diameter, most commonly 5 μm. We argue here that the infectivity of a droplet, and consequently the transmissivity of the virus, as a function of droplet size is a continuum, depending on numerous factors (gravitational settling rate, transport, and dispersion in a turbulent air jet, viral load and viral shedding, virus inactivation) that cannot be adequately characterized by a single droplet diameter. We propose instead that droplet and aerosol transmission should be replaced by a unique airborne transmission mode, to be distinguished from contact transmission.
A concise review on factors influencing the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation main outcomes
Authors: Rafiee Mohammad , Abbasi Mohammad , Rafieemehr Hassan , Mirzaeian Amin , Barzegar Mohieddin , Amiri Vahid , Shahsavan Shaghayegh , Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein
Published: May 2021

Background and aims

As a curative procedure, hematopoietic stemcell transplantation (HSCT) is an approved treatment for many malignant orbenign hematologic and non‐hematologic diseases. There are different outcomes of HSCT, as well as several parameters influencing these outcomes.

Methods

We had searched scientific sources like Web ofScience and PubMed with a combination of keywords such as HSCT, engraftment,survival, outcomes, etc. Totally, 80 articles were included.

Results

Here we have reviewed the effective factors onmain outcomes of HSCT including engraftment, survival, graft versus hostdisease, and Mobilization. Also, the prediction of hematological reconstitutionand some novel suggestions leading to better outcomes are reviewed.

Conclusion

The study will be applicable for improvedmanagement of autologous and allogeneic HSCT process to increase the procedureefficiency.
Fifty‐eight years and counting of watershed science at the Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds in northern California
Authors: Richardson Paul W. , Seehafer Jayme E. , Keppeler Elizabeth T. , Sutherland Diane G. , Wagenbrenner Joseph W. , Bladon Kevin D. , Dymond Salli F. , Cole Ryan P.
Published: May 2021

The Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds are the site of a long‐term paired watershed study in the northern Coast Ranges of California. The watersheds are predominately forested with coast redwood and Douglas‐fir. Old‐growth forest was logged between 1860 and 1904. Two harvesting experiments have been completed since then and a third experiment is currently underway. Caspar Creek data are split into three phases corresponding to three experiments: Phase 1 (1962–1985) reports on a selection harvest (1971–1973) and initial recovery in the South Fork watershed; Phase 2 (1985–2017) includes clearcut harvesting of ~50% of the North Fork watershed (1985–1992) and recovery; and Phase 3 (2017 onward) corresponds to a second selection harvest in the South Fork watershed with a range of subwatershed harvest intensities (2017–2019) and recovery. All three experiments included harvest‐related road‐building and relied primarily on measurements of streamflow and sediment delivery from both treated and reference watersheds. Major findings include modest increases in post‐harvest peak flows and cumulative flow volumes, post‐harvest low flows that initially increased and then decreased 12 to 15 years after harvesting, and the consequences of different yarding techniques and road design on sediment yields. Some of the data for Phase 1 and Phase 2 are available in a USDA Forest Service online archive. The archived data include precipitation, streamflow, suspended sediment concentrations, turbidity, accumulated weir pond sediment volumes, bedload transport rates, water stable isotope data, and geospatial data. Archiving activities are ongoing. Phase 3 data are currently being collected and will be archived after a post‐harvest monitoring period.
Dupilumab rapidly improves asthma control in predominantly anti‐IL5/IL5R pretreated Austrian real‐life severe asthmatics
Authors: Renner Andreas , Marth Katharina , Patocka Karin , Idzko Marco , Pohl Wolfgang
Published: May 2021

Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody against the IL‐4 receptor alpha which has shown efficacy in T2 high severe asthmatics in phase 3 randomized controlled trials. The purpose of this real‐life study is to demonstrate the real‐life effectiveness of dupilumab in Austrian severe asthma patients. We retrospectively analyzed all patients receiving dupilumab at our severe asthma clinic. Thirteen patients have so far received dupilumab at our center. The primary outcome, asthma control questionnaire 6‐item scale at 2 weeks, improved by 0.57 points (p = .014), which is statistically and clinically significant. Similarly, the asthma control test at 4 weeks improved by 3.91 points (p = .024), also statistically and clinically significant. Improvements in forced expiratory volume in 1 s at 2 weeks were neither statistically, nor clinically significant. Improvements at 4 weeks (+220 ml, p = .041), and 3 months (+229 ml, p = .006), were statistically significant and clinically borderline significant. No severe adverse events or hypereosinophilia were observed. No adverse events led to treatment discontinuation. Most patients (85%) had previously received monoclonal antibody treatment for severe asthma. Previous monoclonal antibody treatment had been discontinued in these patients due to a lack of clinical response. Dupilumab is effective and safe in Austrian real‐life severe asthmatics. It provides a possible treatment strategy for T2 high severe asthmatics who do not qualify for anti‐immunoglobulin E or anti‐IL5/IL5R monoclonal antibody treatments or do not adequately respond to these.
Layered double hydroxide‐based photocatalytic materials toward renewable solar fuels production
Authors: Bian Xuanang , Zhang Shuai , Zhao Yunxuan , Shi Run , Zhang Tierui
Published: May 2021

Photocatalysis is an ideal and promising green technology to drive numerous chemical reactions for valued chemicals production under very mild conditions, thereby providing solutions to global energy and environment issues related to burning fossil fuels. Over the past decade, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), as the members in two‐dimensional materials family, have attracted much attention due to their many advantages in photocatalysis, such as facile synthesis, low cost and powerful tunability of composition. In this review, we provide a synthetic overview of recent research advances of LDH‐based photocatalysts, with the main discussion of the design strategies to improve their photocatalytic performance, including component control, defect engineering, hybridization, and topological transformation. Structure‐performance correlations and tailor‐made material synthesis strategies are elaborated to discuss how to realize high‐performance LDH‐based photocatalysts for three important reactions (i.e., water splitting, CO2 conversion, and N2 reduction) to generate desirable solar fuels. Further, the remaining challenges and future perspectives of LDH‐based photocatalysts are summed up, aiming to inspire brand new solutions for pushing forward the development of LDH‐based photocatalysis.

image
Dealing with fracture repair complications in cats and dogs
Authors: Farrell Mike
Published: May 2021

Background: Fracture repair complications have a significant impact on patient welfare. They are emotionally and financially costly to deal with, especially because many complications are triggered by the vet's own questionable decisions or failure to observe critical surgical principles.

Aim of the article: Using a case‐based approach, this article illustrates the common causes of fracture complications. Typical sources of surgeon bias are discussed, as well as techniques to promote objective planning and optimal aftercare. It also summarises the treatment principles for typical mechanical and biological fracture complications.
Flexible leadership – the key to a successful practice
Authors: Casey Richard
Published: May 2021

Exceptional leadership is key to the long‐term sustainability of the veterinary sector, yet there is still little understanding of the skills and behaviours required for effective leadership within the profession. The increasing levels of burnout, stress and depression within the profession combined with the effects of the Covid‐19 pandemic and the challenges thrown up by today's volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous world means that many veterinary businesses are left with a toxic cocktail of issues to overcome. This article, the second in a series on leadership, highlights what is required of successful leaders in the veterinary profession.
Glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78) is an important cell surface receptor for viral invasion, cancers, and neurological disorders
Authors: Gonzalez‐Gronow Mario , Gopal Udhayakumar , Austin Richard C. , Pizzo Salvatore V.
Published: May 2021

The 78 kDa glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐resident molecular chaperone. GRP78 is a member of the 70 kDa heat shock family of proteins involved in correcting and clearing misfolded proteins in the ER. In response to cellular stress, GRP78 escapes from the ER and moves to the plasma membrane where it (a) functions as a receptor for many ligands, and (b) behaves as an autoantigen for autoantibodies that contribute to human disease and cancer. Cell surface GRP78 (csGRP78) associates with the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC‐I), and is the port of entry for several viruses, including the predictive binding of the novel SARS‐CoV‐2. Furthermore, csGRP78 is found in association with partners as diverse as the teratocarcinoma‐derived growth factor 1 (Cripto), the melanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R) and the DnaJ‐like protein MTJ‐1. CsGRP78 also serves as a receptor for a large variety of ligands including activated α2‐macroglobulin (α2M*), plasminogen kringle 5 (K5), microplasminogen, the voltage‐dependent anion channel (VDAC), tissue factor (TF), and the prostate apoptosis response‐4 protein (Par‐4). In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the translocation of GRP78 from the ER to the cell surface, and the role of secreted GRP78 and its autoantibodies in cancer and neurological disorders.
Drug‐induced liver injury: Oltipraz and C2‐ceramide intervene HNF‐1α/GSTA1 expression via JNK signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Ma Bingke , Hao Shuangshuang , Wang Jiaqi , Zhang Ruichen , Ishfaq Muhammad , Shi Chenxi , Yuan Liang , Li Rui , Li Changwen , Liu Fangping
Published: May 2021

Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a serious and frequently occurring issue in drug development. The c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway plays an important role in many diseases; hepatocyte nuclear factor‐1α (HNF‐1α) and glutathione S‐transferase A1 (GSTA1) are important in regulating liver‐specific genes expressions and affecting drug metabolism. Oltipraz is used to treat liver cirrhosis by improving liver function, and C2‐ceramide is a pro‐apoptotic lipid that regulates multiple signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the function of the JNK signaling pathway with HNF‐1α and GSTA1 in a cellular model of DILI and whether oltipraz and C2‐ceramide exert effects via the JNK pathway. The results showed that inhibiting JNK could ameliorate APAP‐induced hepatocyte injury, reduced oxidative stress, suppressed JNK and c‐Jun activation, and hepatocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein expressions of HNF‐1α and GSTA1 were increased significantly compared to control conditions. The effect of oltipraz (8 μmol/L) was similar to a JNK inhibitor and significantly increased HNF‐1α/GSTA1 expression, but oltipraz combined with JNK inhibitor did not show a synergistic effect. Although C2‐ceramide (8 μmol/L) aggravated hepatocyte injury and apoptosis, exacerbated oxidative stress, increased phosphorylation of JNK and c‐Jun, and markedly decreased HNF‐1α/GSTA1 expression, C2‐ceramide combined with JNK inhibitor could partially alleviate these alterations. These results demonstrated that the JNK signaling pathway with HNF‐1α/GSTA1 are involved in the process of DILI. Inhibiting JNK up‐regulated HNF‐1α and GSTA1 expressions which could attenuate hepatocyte injury. Oltipraz and C2‐ceramide might affect the expression of HNF‐1α/GSTA1 though JNK signaling.
Type 2 Diabetes Is Causally Associated With Reduced Serum Osteocalcin: A Genomewide Association and Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zeng Hailuan , Ge Jieyu , Xu Wenjie , Ma Hui , Chen Lingyan , Xia Mingfeng , Pan Baishen , Lin Huandong , Wang Sijia , Gao Xin
Published: May 2021

Recent advances indicate that bone and energy metabolism are closely related. However, little direct evidence on causality has been provided in humans. We aimed to assess the association of three bone-related biomarkers—25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and osteocalcin (OCN)—with several metabolic phenotypes and investigate any causal relevance to the associations using a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Serum 25OHD, PTH, and total OCN were measured at baseline in 5169 eligible Chinese participants in Changfeng study. Partial correlation and bivariate GREML analysis were used to estimate phenotypic and genetic correlations, respectively. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to assess linear associations. Genomewide association analysis (GWAS) was performed. Bidirectional two-sample MR analyses were conducted to examine causal relationships between OCN and body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), using our GWAS result of OCN and GWAS statistics from Biobank Japan project (BBJ) and the largest meta-analysis of T2DM GWAS in East Asian population. Circulating OCN was significantly associated with higher DBP and HDL-C and decreased TG, blood glucose level, insulin resistance, liver fat content, bone mineral density, BMI, and a favorable body fat distribution pattern. GWAS identified one novel serum PTH locus and two novel serum OCN loci, explaining 0.81% and 1.98% of variances of PTH and OCN levels, respectively. MR analysis suggested a causal effect of T2DM on lower circulating OCN concentration (causal effect: −0.03; −0.05 to −0.01; p = 0.006 for T2DM_BBJ and −0.03; −0.05 to −0.01; p = 0.001 for T2DM_EAS). These findings indicate that T2DM might impact bone remodeling and provide a resource for understanding complex relationships between osteocalcin and metabolic (and related) traits in humans. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Faster lipid β‐oxidation rate by acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 2 inhibition alleviates high‐glucose‐induced insulin resistance via SIRT1/PGC‐1α in human podocytes
Authors: Wang Qinglian , Zhao Bing , Zhang Jie , Sun Jingshu , Wang Simeng , Zhang Xinyu , Xu Ying , Wang Rong
Published: May 2021

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is becoming a research hotspot in recent years because the prevalence is high and the prognosis is poor. Lipid accumulation in podocytes induced by hyperglycemia has been shown to be a driving mechanism underlying the development of DN. However, the mechanism of lipotoxicity remains unclear. Increasing evidence shows that acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) plays a crucial role in the metabolism of fatty acid, but its effect in podocyte injury of DN is still unclear. In this study, we investigated whether ACC2 could be a therapeutic target of lipid deposition induced by hyperglycemia in the human podocytes. Our results showed that high glucose (HG) triggered significant lipid deposition with a reduced β‐oxidation rate. It also contributed to the downregulation of phosphorylated ACC2 (p‐ACC2), which is an inactive form of ACC2. Knockdown of ACC2 by sh‐RNA reduced lipid deposition induced by HG. Additionally, ACC2‐shRNA restored the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) on the cell surface, which was downregulated in HG and normalized in the insulin signaling pathway. We verified that ACC2‐shRNA alleviated cell injury, apoptosis, and restored the cytoskeleton disturbed by HG. Mechanistically, SIRT1/PGC‐1α is close related to the insulin metabolism pathway. ACC2‐shRNA could restore the expression of SIRT1/PGC‐1α, which was downregulated in HG. Rescue experiment revealed that inhibition of SIRT1 by EX‐527 counteracted the effect of ACC2‐shRNA. Taken together, our data suggest that podocyte injury mediated by HG‐induced insulin resistance and lipotoxicity could be alleviated by ACC2 inhibition via SIRT1/PGC‐1α.
Examining rumination, devaluation of positivity, and depressive symptoms via community‐based network analysis
Authors: Collins Amanda C. , Lass Alisson N. S. , Jordan D. Gage , Winer E. Samuel
Published: May 2021

Objective

Components of rumination, including brooding and reflection, as well as devaluating prospective positivity, may help maintain depressive symptoms. We examined these components together for the first time using network analysis.

Methods

We examined the robustness of rumination communities of closely related items in one network and then examined the interrelationships between rumination communities, devaluation of positivity, and depression, in a second network.

Results

Three rumination communities emerged, replicating findings of Bernstein et al. (2019). Within a dense network, nodes representing brooding, reflective pondering, and difficulty trusting positive feelings were most influential. In addition, the node representing the depressive symptom negative self‐views shared strong edges with nodes representing devaluation of positivity and brooding.

Conclusion

Brooding, reflective pondering, and elements of devaluing positivity are influential to depressive symptoms and may be important future experimental and therapeutic targets. Depressed individuals with negative self‐views may engage in brooding and devalue their experience of positivity.
Intentions to see a psychologist for weight management: A cross‐sectional study investigating beliefs about psychologists, psychological services and obesity
Authors: Murray Kristen , Brichacek Emily , Rieger Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

Objectives

The current study investigated beliefs about psychologists, psychological services and obesity, and their association with intentions to see a psychologist for weight management.

Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey design was employed in a sample of 136 adults with overweight or obesity (n = 121 females, M
age = 37.58, SD = 9.85).

Results

Psychologists and psychological services were viewed favourably by participants, with little evidence of role knowledge deficits or significant treatment barriers. Behavioural and social causal beliefs about obesity were indirectly associated with intentions to see a psychologist for weight management through positive associations with psychologists' perceived helpfulness in lifestyle intervention. Indirect effects were not observed for psychological and medical causal beliefs.

Conclusion

Promotion of psychological services in obesity could highlight their utility in addressing behavioural and social factors. However, there is a need for more research into avoidance of all sources of professional support in this context.
The potential role of nucleophosmin (NPM1) in the development of cancer
Authors: Karimi Dermani Fateme , Gholamzadeh Khoei Saeideh , Afshar Saeid , Amini Razieh
Published: May 2021

Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a well‐known nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that performs several cellular functions such as ribosome biogenesis, chromatin remodeling, genomic stability, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. NPM1 has been identified to be necessary for normal cellular functions, and its altered regulation by overexpression, mutation, translocation, loss of function, or sporadic deletion can lead to cancer and tumorigenesis. In this review, we focus on the gene and protein structure of NPM1 and its physiological roles. Finally, we discuss the association of NPM1 with various types of cancer including solid tumors and leukemia.