bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Next-generation AI solutions for transaction security in digital finance
Authors: Samay Deepak Ashar
Published: January 2025

Cybersecurity threats in financial transactions have intensified with the growing adoption of digital financial platforms, necessitating advanced, scalable solutions. This study evaluates the effectiveness of LightGBM, Attention-Based Neural Networks, and CatBoost models in enhancing the security of financial systems. LightGBM was employed to detect fraud by uncovering complex patterns in transactional data, utilizing both numerical and categorical features. Attention mechanisms were incorporated to improve model accuracy by prioritizing relevant features for fraud detection. Sequential transaction data was analyzed using CatBoost, a gradient boosting algorithm optimized for categorical features, which performed well in identifying fraudulent patterns in imbalanced datasets. The dependent variables measured were Detection Accuracy (DA), False Positive Rate (FPR), and Privacy Preservation Index (PPI). Results showed that LightGBM achieved the highest DA (92%) in detecting complex fraud patterns, while CatBoost excelled in handling sequential transaction data with an FPR of 2%. Attention mechanisms demonstrated a PPI of 96%, ensuring compliance with privacy regulations like GDPR. Analysis of variance indicated significant improvements across all variables (p-value ≤ 0.05). The integrated use of LightGBM, Attention Mechanisms, and CatBoost provides a comprehensive approach to addressing evolving financial cybersecurity threats, offering a scalable, privacy-compliant solution that outperforms traditional methods.
Становление экологической цивилизации – смысл исторического процесса
Authors: Мамедов Низами Мустафа оглы
Published: January 2025

В статье сделана попытка представить в качестве кульминационного периода мировой истории формирование в наше время экологической цивилизации как предпосылки и условия преодоления, наметившегося в силу целого ряда социокультурных, экономических и технологических причин, искусственного отчуждения общества от природы. Рассмотрены известные концепции исторического процесса, их критика со стороны представителей философии жизни, экзистенциализма, религиозной философии за абстрактный, отвлеченный от человека и его интересов подход. Обосновывается, что детерминирующим фактором исторического процесса становятся морально оправданные, инновационные действия человечества, обеспечивающие сохранение меры биосферных процессов и ведущие к единству человека, общества и природы. Показано, что главным препятствием на пути к экологической цивилизации является субъективный фактор – отсутствие социально-политического единства в мире и волюнтаристическое разрушение международных связей и отношений.
Теоретическое осмысление суверенитета, стабильности и социально-политической преемственности (на примере Латинской Америки)
Authors: Голиней Владимир
Published: January 2025

В данной статье предпринимается попытка теоретического осмысления социально-политической преемственности, которая раскрывается через анализ таких понятий, как суверенитет, стабильность и нестабильность государства. В основе преемственности лежит комплекс положительного и негативного опыта развития стран, устоявшийся баланс сил и «правил игры» между обществом-правителем, обществом-элитой и элитой-правителем, а также нематериальное наследие в виде сформировавшихся традиций управления (бюрократии), ценностей и веры в верховную власть (сакрализация власти). Приводимый в исследовании латиноамериканский опыт позволяет увидеть примеры подобной преемственности.
Междисциплинарное исследование эволюции человеческого сознания в контексте глобализации
Authors: Канаев Илья , Дряева Элла
Published: January 2025

Процесс глобализации можно рассматривать как естественное укрупнение структур природы и общества, а также как осознанную деятельность. Противодействие глобальным вызовам невозможно без сознательного контроля над историческими процессами, что требует междисциплинарного исследования сознания. В данной статье продолжается авторское исследование современных теорий сознания в нейронауке, антропологии и философии, которое определяет сознание как приобретаемое в процессе социализации умение контролировать поведение на уровне стремлений. Освоение этой способности требует включения в структуру общественных отношений, что важно для понимания влияния общественной структуры и ценностей культуры на развитие индивидуального сознания. Это позволяет объяснить, почему в условиях глобализации возникает конфликт культурных моделей мышления. Однако диалог цивилизаций, основанный на признании особенностей других сознаний и их права на выбор развития, открывает возможности для преодоления этих трудностей. Такой диалог может привести к решению глобальных проблем и достижению устойчивого развития.
Становление глобальной географии
Authors: Воронкова Людмила
Published: January 2025

Современное развитие наук идет по пути формирования «сквозных» тем исследования, таких как экологизация, глобализация, гуманизация и т. д. Под влиянием процессов глобализации в научном знании формируются новые направления, получившие приставку «глобальные». В статье рассматриваются особенности таких дисциплин, которые исследуют свои предметные области через призму глобальных проблем и процессов, развертывающихся на нашей планете. Географическое мышление выходит на новый уровень и переориентируется на исследование глобального геопространства, что приводит к оформлению глобальной географии, которая ставит перед собой задачу осмысления пространственных аспектов общепланетарных процессов и явлений с точки зрения перспектив существования человеческой цивилизации. В статье рассматриваются особенности глобальной географии как новой учебной и научной дисциплины, ее взаимоотношения с геоглобалистикой и значение для современной науки.
Геоцивилизации, глобализация и регионализация
Authors: Киселев Сергей
Published: January 2025

Автор исследует вопрос соотношения процесса функционирования геоцивилизаций и процессов глобализации и регионализации, исходя из понимания глобализации как объективно-субъективного явления. Автор с метафизических позиций обосновывает полицивилизационность конструкта мироустройства, как изначального, так и современного, исследует такое явление, как «геоцивилизационные проекты», характеризует некоторые из них, полагает, что геоцивилизационные проекты являются проявлением единства мира в многообразии. В исследовании используется геоцивилизационный (цивилизационно-культурный, пространственно-локальный) подход к пониманию термина «цивилизация», а также метафизический подход в исследовании глубинных причин возникновения, становления и развития геоцивилизаций.
Von den Verlassensdisziplinen
Authors: Wolf Uljana
Published: January 2025

Ilse Aichingers unveröffentlichtes und undatiertes Prosa-Typoskript „Tiger Bay“ handelt vom Verlassen eines Schiffes. Wie ist der Text ins Werk einzuordnen? Der Essay verbindet die genannten „Verlassensdisziplinen“ einerseits mit Figurationen maritimer Abschiede und Fluchtlinien und andererseits mit formalen Strategien der Dialogisierung und Genrehybridisierung – beides zentrale Bestandteile von Ilse Aichingers subversiver Poetik. „Unterhaltung“ und „Verhalten auf sinkenden Schiffen“ als innere Schreibhaltung. Schließlich widmet sich der Essay der in „Tiger Bay“ wie auch in Aichingers „Titanic“-Texten evidenten Berührung der Motivkomplexe Versinken/Schiffe und Verschwinden/Film und untersucht Verbindungen zu J. Lee Thompson Film Tiger Bay von 1959.
Ilse Aichinger: Wo ich wohne. Eine entsetzte Lektüre
Authors: Niehaus Michael
Published: January 2025

Der Aufsatz unternimmt eine streng sukzessive Lektüre der Kurzgeschichte Wo ich wohne von Ilse Aichinger, die auf außergewöhnliche Weise in eine Situation versetzt, die bis zum Schluss nicht nur für die Leserinnen und Leser, sondern auch für das als Ich-Figur auftretende Aussagesubjekt rätselhaft bleibt. Schon im Titel, der auf hintergründige Weise die erste Person Präsens bemüht, spiegelt sich die Problematik, dass das nur durch seine Position definierte (zum Beispiel nicht geschlechtlich codierte) Aussagesubjekt nicht sagen kann, wo es wohnt, weil seine Wohnung mit Beginn der Erzählung sukzessive einen Stock tiefer sinkt, ohne dass es diesen phantastischen Umstand zu erklären oder auch nur zu kommunizieren versucht. Die Ich-Figur, die sich jeweils in den neuen Umständen einzurichten versucht, wird auf diese Weise zu einem vollständig isolierten, auf seine Abwehrmechanismen reduzierten Ich. Die Erzählung entfaltet die Bedingungen, unter denen man so tun kann, als sei alles unverändert, obwohl ein Prozess in Gang gesetzt ist, der dem Subjekt die Lebensgrundlage zu entziehen scheint. Die Erzählung lässt sich daher als eine Parabel auffassen, die nicht die Judenverfolgung von Angesicht zu Angesicht, sondern die Abfolge der Verordnungen abbildet, die eine nicht adressierbare Instanz gegen die als Juden definierten Subjekte richtet, ohne als feindliche Akte manifest zu werden.
A comprehensive synthesis of differentiated instruction approaches in mathematics
Authors: Bahurudin Setambah Mohd afifi , Mat Saad Muhammad Ikhwan , Che Md Ghazali Nor Hasnida binti , Adnan Mazlini
Published: January 2025

This study endeavors to provide a comprehensive synthesis of theoretical frameworks in educational research, with a specific focus on investigating and comparing differentiated instruction (DI) approaches across diverse dimensions.  This study aims to address the challenge of meeting diverse student learning needs in mathematics by synthesizing various differentiated instruction approaches to provide a clearer framework for educators. Employing a systematic literature review methodology, the research utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) technique from 2013 to 2023. The search for relevant articles over the past ten years was conducted across prominent databases, including ERIC, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A rigorous screening process identified 3220 articles, from which 17 were selected for in-depth analysis, following the PRISMA-P flow chart process as a guide. This study synthesizes research on differentiated instruction in mathematics, highlighting various aspects such as process, product, content, and learning environment. The majority of researchers focus on the process of differentiation, examining how teaching methods are adapted to suit diverse student needs. Meanwhile, fewer studies explore the learning environment's role. The implications of this study suggest that educators should prioritize adapting teaching methods (process differentiation) to address diverse student needs, as this is where most research is focused.
Bridging gaps in sundown syndrome research: A roadmap for future multimodal approaches
Authors: Xu Qianru , Lin Feng Vankee , Liu Yang , Zhao Guoying
Published: January 2025

Objective: Sundown syndrome (SS), or sundowning, is a neuropsychiatric phenomenon marked by the worsening of symptoms in the late afternoon or evening, primarily in individuals with dementia. By systematically examining previous studies, this scoping review aims to: 1) bridge traditional questionnaire-based assessment methods with advanced sensor-based tools, and 2) propose a multimodal framework to guide future research in enhancing risk identification, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment across key symptom categories. Method:We conducted a comprehensive review of Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, APA PsycInfo, and IEEE Xplore to identify studies on SS. Following established scoping review guidelines, 13 review papers and 41 empirical studies were selected and analyzed based on traditional questionnaire-based observation and/or sensor-based measurement methods. Results: We identified key limitations in traditional assessment methods and classified SS symptoms into five domains: psychomotor symptoms, cognitive and perceptual disturbances, mood and affective symptoms, psychosis, and disruptions in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Building on these insights, we proposed a multimodal platform integrating sensor technologies to enhance risk identification, diagnosis, continuous monitoring, and treatment. Conclusions: This study advances the understanding of SS by synthesizing prior research, refining symptom domains, and proposing a roadmap for future investigation and intervention. The integration of multimodal sensor technologies holds the potential to reduce caregiver burden, enhance patient care, and enable more effective management of SS and other behavioral disturbance in older adults.
Intergenerational transmission of parenting: Women’s perspectives in the context of non-residential fatherhood
Authors: Osinga Mariëlle , Schreuder Pauline , Kretschmer Tina
Published: January 2025

Studying intergenerational transmission of parenting enriches our knowledge of similarities and differences (i.e., continuities and discontinuities) in parenting across generations and potential explanations for these, but existing research is largely limited to quantitative studies. This qualitative study explored parent-child relationship quality and parenting behaviours across generations among Dutch women who have raised their children without the biological father of their children present in the same home (n = 17, M age = 51.53 years, range = 37-65 years). Thematic analyses of in-depth interviews revealed that women 1) reported closer relationships with their children than with their parents, 2) often only partially continued how they were raised by their own parents, and 3) related continuities and discontinuities of parent-child relationship quality and parenting behaviours to the context of non-residential fatherhood – specifically to the support and stress they experienced raising their children without the biological father present in the home. This qualitative study provides a comprehensive understanding of potential explanations for intergenerational transmission of parenting, which may help to identify intervention targets to reduce the transmission of suboptimal parenting practices.
Effects of a sociological or a psychological summer bridge program on academic capital, mindset, metacognition, and performance: A field experiment
Authors: Dekker Izaak , de Coninck Lieve , Biwer Felicitas , Wenzel Niklas , van Herpen Sanne G. A. , Janssen Tieme , Zijlstra Bonne
Published: January 2025

Many higher education institutions organize summer bridge programs (SBPs) to prepare students for university. However, the effectiveness of SBPs is unclear, because randomized trials and comparisons between different approaches are lacking. This study evaluated the impact of two types of SBP offered at a Dutch university: (A) sociological, focusing on academic capital, and (B) psychological, targeting mindset and metacognition, with 250 SBP applicants randomly assigned to these two programs. They were compared with each other and with (C) 161 students who did not attend any SBP. We hypothesized that A would improve students’ academic capital, while B would improve students’ mindset and metacognition. Students in both programs were hypothesized to outperform students in C. Results showed increased scores for students in Programs A (as hypothesized) and B (not hypothesized) for two aspects of academic capital formation: navigation of systems and trustworthy information. As predicted, students in Program B increased their scores for metacognition and mindset, and scored higher for these on the posttest compared to both other conditions. Unexpectedly, Program A increased growth mindset and effort beliefs of first-generation students, while it decreased scores for these outcomes for continuous-generation students. We found no significant differences between the groups for academic performance; an SBP might be too brief to generate medium effects on longer term outcomes. Qualitative data showed that some students remembered and applied specific content from the SBPs, but that for most students the SBP content was secondary to familiarization with peers and the university environment ahead of time.
Unscientific mindsets and the gap between past vaccine behaviors and future intentions
Authors: Sulik Justin , Krick Candelaria Belen , Gümüşlü Zeynep Burçe , Navajas Joaquin , Deroy Ophelia
Published: January 2025

Objective: Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) is associated with vaccine hesitancy. However, the nature of—and reasons for—this association are obscure as both CAM and vaccine hesitancy are complex, heterogeneous phenomena. This study aims to identify which aspects of CAM predict vaccine hesitancy and to probe the psychological roots of their association.Methods: In a two-stage survey (N1 = 1905, N2 = 1443), participants from Argentina, Germany and the USA reported vaccine/CAM health behaviors, intentions and beliefs. They also responded to scales probing attitudes to science, individual differences in cognitive styles, and anomalous beliefs.Results: An Item-Response Theoretic model of vaccine responses revealed that, outside of either total acceptance or outright refusal of vaccines, hesitancy reflected a gap between past vaccination behaviors and future behavioral intentions. More than CAM use, vaccine hesitancy was predicted by CAM-relevant health beliefs. An oppositional view of natural vs. biomedical care was central in this regard. Unscientific mindsets—both in attitudes to expertise and in anomalous beliefs—underpinned the psychological similarity of CAM beliefs and vaccine hesitancy.Conclusions: The relationship between CAM and vaccine hesitancy is primarily a matter of health-relevant beliefs centered on natural vs. scientific medicine. This relationship—and in particular, a gap between past vaccine behaviors and future behavioral intentions—reflects fundamentally unscientific mindsets. Thus, a key challenge in addressing this form of vaccine hesitancy is one of perspective taking: Scientists must find persuasive reasons to vaccinate which appeal to people who do not see science as the main route to medical knowledge.
Psychometric data and regression-based norms for the Virtual Environments Navigation Assessment for young and middle-aged adults (VIENNA Young)
Authors: Rekers Sophia , Meyer Tessa Christin , Finke Carsten
Published: January 2025

Spatial navigation is critical for daily functioning but is rarely assessed in clinical settings despiterobust evidence for its utility in many neurological disorders. Numerous existing experimentalparadigms leverage virtual environments but often lack reported psychometric properties and normdata. Additionally, most paradigms focus on active navigation and strongly rely on episodicmemory. This limits their clinical utility especially for individuals with motor or memoryimpairments. Here, we introduce the Virtual Environments Navigation Assessment for young andmiddle-aged adults (VIENNA Young). VIENNA Young is a 16-minute neuropsychological testadapted from VIENNA for both in-person and remote use. Designed to emphasize visuospatial andexecutive components, it assesses informed navigation in dynamic virtual environments andminimizes manual dexterity demands through passive navigation. A hybrid study involving 422healthy participants (18–67 years) demonstrated consistent performance across settings andfavorable psychometric properties, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, andconstruct validity. Navigation performance was higher for younger individuals, men, people withhigh exposure to spatial tasks, urban versus rural residents, and participants playing video games,especially allocentric or map-based games. VIENNA Young is freely available and provided withregression-based normative models accounting for age, gender, and gaming experience to ensureaccurate interpretation across populations. VIENNA Young is a valid, reliable, accessible, andscalable assessment tailored to evaluate navigation abilities beyond episodic memory deficits. Itsflexible and precise norming approach sets a precedent for integrating gaming experience intonorms for computerized cognitive tests and supports navigation assessment in clinical routinesettings and diverse research contexts.
Development of Long-Term Goals: Goal Dynamics (GOLDY) Model
Authors: Muraven Mark
Published: January 2025

The development of abstract and long-term goals can be understood through a complex adaptive system lens. In this approach, goals are modelled as independent agents that interact with each other, the internal and external environment and themselves. Thus, people’s behavior can be understood as a multitude of dynamically changing and interacting agents, all influencing each other and reacting to changes in the system and in the environment. Stability and change within the goal system then emerge from the interactions over time of all the goals. Moreover, the bottom-up resolution of the conflict between goals creates new goals that combine features of existing goals. These new goals are more abstract and long-term than the underlying goals. Overall, a dynamic approach to goals helps to explain the emergence of stable goal-driven behavior that is adaptable to changing situations and develops over time. It may also help to explain the emergence of individual differences in goal structure as well.
Prostitution in the Digital Age: Analyzing Data from Spanish Online Platforms
Authors: Casañ Ruben Rodriguez , Ariño Antonio
Published: January 2025

Over the past decade, prostitution has undergone a profound transformation attributed to the widespread use of smartphones and ubiquitous Internet access. This shift signifies a comprehensive reorganization of the practice, altering spaces, the development of encounters, and temporal dynamics. Despite this transformative shift, it is crucial to conceptualize prostitution as an institution—a system of regulated and enduring behavioral patterns. The existence of prostitution is intricately linked to the involvement of third parties who play roles in organizing and profiting from these transactions. Contrary to the notion of a less organized prostitution where intermediaries vanish, such as networks, pimps, families, madams, etc., the current landscape reveals a complex interplay among various prostitution models. This dynamic includes the emergence of new intermediaries, namely online platforms, perpetuating existing inequalities within the practice. This article explores the ongoing evolution of prostitution through a complete study of contact websites and client forums.
Writing as an extended cognitive system
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents writing as an extended cognitive system comprised of brain, body, and the material form that is writing. Part I introduces the theoretical framework used for the analysis, Material Engagement Theory (MET), and the initial insights into writing systems gained by applying MET to Mesopotamian artifacts for numbers and writing. Part II discusses how writing as a material form has changed over time and why this material change reflects, accumulates, and distributes change in the behaviors and brains of generations of writers. Part III explains why forms of writing used today are a visible form of language in being comprised of contrastive graphic features. Part IV argues against the idea that writing should be excluded from being considered as an extended cognitive system. On the contrary, considering writing from this perspective can provide new insights into the ways we use material forms—not just in writing but more broadly—to change our behaviors and brains, and their roles in intensifying and perpetuating those changes.
The influence of public policy and administration expertise on policy: An empirical study
Authors: Haunschild Robin , Williams Kate , Bornmann Lutz
Published: January 2025

Academic expertise is a key pillar of governance processes around the world. A goal of policy and public sector actors is to draw on research to improve decision making, and correspondingly, a goal of public policy and public administration researchers is to provide relevant expertise. It is not clear, however, to what extent these goals are achieved. This study uses the Overton database to analyse the influence of public policy and administration research on policy documents (broadly defined as documents published by policy and public sector organizations). It considers which research is cited by policy documents and which organizations cite research more than others to justify their decisions. The findings show that measuring the influence of academic expertise is not straightforward conceptually or methodologically. However, they emphasise the role of different organization types for achieving a greater correspondence between research and policy. Specifically, our study shows that think tanks use public policy and administration research more often than government organizations when justifying decisions. The findings provide insight into the utility of new policy databases in illuminating how academic experts can influence the ideas and actions of policy and public sector actors.
Comparative analysis of serum calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D levels in pre- and postmenopausal women: A nutritional correlation study
Authors: Dhungana Arun , Tamang Jagat Man , Chaudhary Narendra Kumar , Tiwari Kalpana
Published: January 2025

Background: Serum calcium and vitamin D deficiencies are common among post-menopausal women, which can lead to osteoporotic fractures. Early detection of imbalances in serum calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D can aid in providing proper treatment. This study compares serum calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D levels between pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women and assesses their relationship with dietary calcium and sunlight exposure.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kathmandu Medical College between February and April 2024. Using consecutive sampling, participants' serum samples were analyzed with an automated analyzer, and Pearson's correlation was calculated using SPSS version 21.
Results: BMI was significantly higher in post-menopausal women (24.28 ± 0.49 kg/m2) than in pre-menopausal women (23.25 ± 1.722 kg/m2). Pre-menopausal women had higher serum calcium (9.18 ± 0.47 mg/dl) and vitamin D levels (23.03 ± 6.01ng/ml) than post-menopausal women (8.91 ± 0.43 mg/dl and 21.75 ± 5.86 ng/ml, respectively). Serum phosphorus was higher in post-menopausal women (4.19 ± 0.66 mg/dl) compared to pre-menopausal women (4.01 ± 0.54 mg/dl). Vitamin D levels in post-menopausal women positively correlated with calcium and dietary calcium intake but had an insignificant correlation with sunlight exposure and a negative correlation with phosphorus.
Conclusion: The study concludes that post-menopausal women have higher BMIs and lower serum calcium and vitamin D levels. Regular monitoring of bone markers, dietary calcium and vitamin D intake, and increased sunlight exposure are recommended to enhance bone health in pre-menopausal and postmenopausal women.
The Political Aspect of Cartoons: Rediscovering the Power of Print Media
Authors: Pokhrel Devi Prasad
Published: January 2025

Cartoons in print media portray social reality through the satire of political scenarios. The regular cartoons in Nepali newspapers quite frequently raise an evoking, critical awareness about contemporary political, social, and cultural issues. This paper will analyze one cartoon from each of four popular Nepali cartoonists. Such cartoons will be sifted for their use of Nepali colloquialisms, texture, colors, signs, symbols, roles of mythical characters, etc., to critique current issues with the sharpness they deserve. The analysis is going to be framed using the last three pillars of Marshall Fishwick's Seven Pillars of Popular Culture: Logos, Ethos, and Mythos. To elaborate further on these cartoons, perspectives of Dominic Strinati about popular culture, structuralism, and semiology will be used. The wider reach of cartoons in the dailies within Nepal enjoys a sure means of communicating an idea or message to the public. This study tries to explain how these two elements instituted potent social and political commentary and built higher levels of critical consciousness among citizens on contemporary issues. This paper will deconstruct the linguistic and visual elements that make Nepali cartoons a strong medium of social critique and reflection.
Significance of Buddhist Perspectives in Natural Resource Management
Authors: Kafle Hari Bol
Published: January 2025

Eco-spirituality in Buddhism provides significant insights and practical advice for dealing with modern environmental concerns and reaching long-term ecological balance. The Buddhist perspectives in Natural Resource Management not only address ecological issues but also encourage long-term environmental stewardship and balance, providing a meaningful and ethical framework for natural resource management. Buddhist concepts like mindfulness, compassion, and nonviolence promote ethical and sustainable connections with nature. By perceiving the environment as a sacred thing, eco-spirituality promotes behaviors that safeguard and maintain natural resources in ethical ways. Natural Resource Management aligns with Buddhist teachings, focusing on material and spiritual well-being. Buddha's teachings serve as a tool for enlightenment and promoting harmony between humans and the environment. It interconnects all life forms and the importance of resources. In this view, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the significance of Buddhist perspectives on natural resource management including consequences such as conservation measures and efficient resource use, which are critical to sustaining ecological equilibrium.
Gender Differences in Academic Motivation and Classroom Engagement among University Students in Kathmandu
Authors: Luitel Peshal
Published: January 2025

This study investigates gender differences in academic motivation and classroom engagement among 500 university students (250 males and 250 females) in Kathmandu. Using the Student Motivation and Engagement Scale–High School (SMES-HS), it employs descriptive and causal-comparative methodologies to analyze the data. Guided by theories such as Self-Determination Theory, Social Role Theory, and Expectancy-Value Theory, the study examines intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as predictors of engagement. Results reveal significant gender differences, with female students exhibiting higher intrinsic motivation and engagement, while males demonstrate slightly higher extrinsic motivation. Regression analysis highlights academic motivation as a strong predictor of engagement, with gender and academic discipline moderating this relationship. The findings underscore the need for gender-sensitive educational strategies and interventions to foster equitable learning environments. Future research should explore longitudinal designs and diverse cultural contexts to further validate these findings. These insights contribute to improving institutional practices and student support systems.
Sex Differences in Resilience Factors and Emotional Health among Adolescents during Covid-19
Authors: Sharma Sailendra Kumar , Sharma Narayan Prasad
Published: January 2025

The most prolific pandemic of the 21st century has caused people throughout the world to be physically and psychologically affected. Numerous factors have influenced a cascade of stressful situations due to COVID-19. The responses to a stressful or traumatic situation may not only differ due to the resources available to them, their personalities, and the level of exposure. It can also be dependent upon the biological sex of the individual. A survey was conducted for adolescents between the ages of 12-19 years where n = 74 males and n = 108 females. The data was collected during the first wave of the pandemic. The study was conducted to explore the Resilience Factors (RF) and their relationship with Emotional Health (EH); the calculation of levels of variables associated with RF and the levels of EH. Sex differences in RF and EH were also tested to assess their differences. The current study found that there were no significant differences between male and female adolescents in any RF. There were but significant differences in EH between them with males having higher levels than females. Individuals with high resilience are less likely to be affected than those with low resilience by the effect of ‘stress exposure' symptoms of depression mediated by anxiety which results in better EH.
The Impact of Digital Innovations on Child Psychology: An Analysis from a Child Rights Perspective
Authors: Rajaura Surendra
Published: January 2025

This article investigates the multifaceted relationship between digital innovations, children's rights, and psychological well-being. In an era where digital devices permeate every aspect of daily life, understanding the implications of technology on children's rights and mental health is paramount. This article explores technology use's positive and negative impacts on children through a comprehensive analysis. It delves into how digital environments either support or challenge the rights enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), such as access to education, privacy, and protection from harm. Moreover, it examines the psychological effects of technology, ranging from increased connectivity and access to information to concerns over screen addiction, cyberbullying, and exposure to inappropriate content. Drawing upon recent research and case studies, this article offers insights into effective strategies for parents, educators, and policymakers to navigate the digital landscape while safeguarding children's rights and well-being. By elucidating the complex interplay between digital innovations, children's rights, and psychological development, this article provides valuable guidance for promoting a balanced and healthy technology integration in children's lives.
The House of Vasa and The House of Austria. Correspondence from the Years 1587 to 1668. Part II: The Times of Władysław IV, 1632–1648
Authors: Skowron Ryszard
Published: January 2025

The published correspondence reveals the dimension of cooperation and the community of dynastic, political, cultural, and religious interests between the House of Vasa and the House of Austria. It provides the basis for analyzing mutual relations in terms of affinity, emulation, and rivalry. Editing the letters creates a kind of catalog showcasing the role and identity of the Vasas in the extensive European cultural and political context and can serve as a starting point for further studies. One of the most important instruments through which we can observe and analyze these processes is the letters exchanged between members of both dynasties. Royal letters with signatures, seals, and their content are a lasting testament to the presence and role of Poland in European culture in the early modern era.
Totalizm, nacjonalizm i socjalizm w międzywojennej myśli Ernsta Jüngera
Authors: Kwiatkowski Sebastian
Published: January 2025

This article aims to demonstrate Ernst Jünger’s views as laid out in his book Der Arbeiter. Herrschaft und Gestalt [The Worker. Dominion and Form]. The worker’s conception created there constitutes a comprehensive interpretation of reality and an ideological manifesto of the publicist, written just before the National Socialists took power in the Weimar Republic. This text presents a precise understanding of the Jüngerian worker, indicating its essential features, sources, and Jünger’s interpretation of reality, including his alternative vision of the socio-political order.
Kilka uwag krytycznych o artykule recenzyjnym Lecha Mażewskiego z nr 2(18)/2023 czasopisma „Myśl Polityczna. Political Thought”
Authors: Bäcker Roman , Rak Joanna
Published: January 2025

The polemic concerns Lech Mażewski’s review of Adam Wielomski’s book Demokracja nieliberalna [“The Illiberal Democracy”]. The authors criticise the text for presenting an erroneous and unsupported interpretation of the term “militant democracy.” They accuse Mażewski of attributing untruthful views to them, claiming that they support the use of militant democracy to eliminate political opponents. The authors also point out the ahistoricity of Mażewski’s claims regarding the rhetoric of the People’s Republic of Poland after 1956, where he minimises the repressive actions of those in power. They emphasise the need for fair representation of others’ ideas and honesty in research.
Od szubienicy do abolicji. Kara śmierci w prawie amerykańskim z pespektywy XXI w.
Authors: Urbańczyk Michał
Published: January 2025

The article’s purpose is to show the evolution in the application of the death penalty in the United States. This change is taking place at both the state and federal levels with particular reference to the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the United States. The problem is specified in the form of three research questions. First, how have the methods of capital punishment been modified, and what are the objectives behind the changes introduced? Second, how has the question of the compatibility of the death penalty with the US Constitution been resolved? Third, how has the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the United States changed in this regard in the last two decades, and what role does the idea of human dignity play in this?
Zbigniew Lewicki, Instytucja Kolegium Elektorów w amerykańskim systemie polityczno-prawnym
Authors: Szymański Michał
Published: January 2025

This is a review of Zbigniew Lewicki’s book on the function performed by the Electoral College in the American political and legal system. The book presents the genesis of the Electoral College, highlighting the differences between the original concept of the United States of America, which came directly from the Founding Fathers, and the relativised ideal that has retroactively been recognised as the most direct and democratic political system.
Returning to the Sources of Soviet Behavior
Authors:   Professor, Department of European and American Studies, MGIMO University, Pechatnov Vladimir O. ,   Honored Scientist of Russia
Published: January 2025

As during the first Cold War, Russia has “bristled up” and sacrificed relations with the West to
ensure its security. Moreover, it has begun rebuilding its international “club” from among the
opponents of Western hegemony.
Eastward Turn 2.0, or “Sibiriazation” of Russia
Authors:   Honorary Chairman, Council on Foreign and Defense Policy, Karaganov Sergei A. , Kozylov Ilya S. ,   Lecturer, Department of Foreign Regional Studies, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs, National Research University–Higher School of Economics
Published: January 2025

The new development of Siberia is an ambitious complex project that requires significant
political will, consolidation of resources, and the awakening both in the elites and the entire
Russian nation of the passionate spirit that made Russia great.
Escalation as the Conscious and the Unconscious
Authors:   Tenured Professor, National Research University-Higher School of Economics, Filippov Alexander F. ,   Head of the Centre for Fundamental Social Science
Published: January 2025

Any proposal by Russia to think rationally and consider objective interests meets a categorical
refusal to talk in such terms. Instead, it is invited to talk in terms of moral invectives, which
excludes the very possibility of any discussion.
Another ‘Rejective’ Revolution? No
Authors:   Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences (UK) and Emeritus Professor of Sociology at the University of Cambridge, Lane David
Published: January 2025

Trump has benefitted from those who have lost from the move to open foreign markets. Trump,
however, does not challenge the American political system. His support remains firmly
embedded within it.
Reclamation performance assessment at PT. Trubaindo Coal Mining in Melak field, West Kutai, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Gastramat Maria Frumensia , Fanani Yazid , Galih Cahyono Yudho Dwi
Published: January 2025

Trubaindo Coal Mining Ltd. was established on March 13, 1990, as a subsidiary of Banpu Company. Based in Thailand, Banpu operates within the coal mining industry. Mining activities can have adverse effects, including habitat disruption for flora and fauna, morphological alterations, and reduced soil productivity. To mitigate these impacts, reclamation activities are essential. In compliance with PERMENHUT Number P.60/Menhut-II/2009 and the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No. 1827 K/30/MEM/Year 2018, assessing the success of reclamation efforts is a critical step. This study aims to assess and evaluate reclamation activities conducted during the production operation phase at Trubaindo Coal Mining Ltd., focusing on land areas within Pit 3000 BK-04 NB and Pit 4500/P6200 BK03-04 SB1. The research employed a quantitative descriptive method, which included observations on land preparation, revegetation efforts, and final land stabilization. The findings revealed reclamation success rates of 87.3 and 83.1, indicating that the reclamation efforts were generally acceptable but required further improvements. Recommendations include soil pH correction, enhancement of drainage channels, and effective management of weeds, pests, and plant diseases.
Analysis Of The Use Of Onshore Power Supply Facility At Port Of Berlian
Authors: Kustanto Jaka Septian , Rachman Natriya Faisal , Nurdiansari Henna , Gupron Akhmad Kasan
Published: January 2025

Ships contribute to CO2 gas emissions. The government's effort to reduce these emissions is by having Onshore Power Supply (OPS) facilities. OPS is a technology that allows ships at anchor to turn off their engines and connect to the local electricity network for electricity supply. Port of Berlian currently has 8 OPS spot managed by PT. Lamong Energi Indonesia. The use of OPS still needs to be examined using valid methods. In this research, researchers use the assessment methodology that has been used at the port of Lisbon regarding this onshore electricity facility type of port where the ship is docked (mooring vessel). In this methodology, the assessment process carried out includes data gathering and data processing processes. Apart from this process, it is necessary to review the character of the port or terminal that we will examine ships that most often use land-based electricity facilities are ships with a size of 1000-2999 GT. The use of land electricity facilities provides cost efficiency of 78%. This land electricity facility is used by General Cargo and Container type ships. These results indicate that the use of land electricity facilities is still inefficient ( 2.7%) and there is a need for further review of the implementation of existing policies.
The Potential of Biochar for Heavy Metal Adsorption in Acid Mine Drainage Based on Literature Review
Authors: Simamora Eprilia , Nurcholis Mohammad , Ardian Aldin , Ernawati Rika , Winarno Eddy
Published: January 2025

Incorporating organic materials that contain biochar is gaining traction as a research area for the cleanup of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. This study intends to explore the potential of biochar-based materials in removing heavy metals from water sources, with a particular emphasis on rehabilitating aquatic environments affected by mining waste. Identifying appropriate literature studies in collecting research data from various scientific publications was used to understand the topic. Several biochar manufacturing processes are generated through pyrolysis, gasification, and Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). In this field, studies revealed that using most biochar can achieve relatively high metal removal. Research findings indicate that Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co, As, Ag, Fe, Al, and Mn are the metal ions that have received the most attention in this field. This study highlights explicitly the effectiveness of biochars made from orange peel, nutshell, compost, rice husk, oak wood, used coffee grounds, durian bark, Phragmites australis corn cob, dregs of cascara, and hickory wood. The findings show that biochars from these materials, especially those produced at high pyrolysis temperatures (≥500°C), can achieve metal removal efficiencies above (≥90%). Various factors can influence the effectiveness of biochar in removing heavy metal ions, including the pH of the contaminated water, the amount of biochar used, the initial concentration of heavy metals, the properties of the biochar, and the specific forms or speciation of the metals. Biochar's ability to draw in and retain metal ions can be influenced by its characteristics, including its surface area and pore sizes. This study highlights the need for more research in this field going forward. It gives a general review of the use of biochar in removing heavy metals from water, particularly contamination in Acid Mine Drainage (AMD).
Sistem Informasi Pengolahan Data PPKS Pada Sentra Terpadu “Pangudi Luhur” Bekasi
Authors: Ramadhan Difa Afnan , Nurhadi Acmad
Published: January 2025

Sentra terpadu “pangudi Luhur” Bekasi Merupakan sebuah instasi yang melayani khusus pemerlu pelayanan kesajahteraan sosial (PPKS), PPKS merupakan kelompok, masyarakat orang yang mempunyai suatu hambatan, kesulitan, atau gangguan, tidak dapat melaksanakan fungsi sosialnya, sehingga memerlukan pelayanan sosial untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya baik jasmani dan rohani maupun sosial secara memadai dan wajar. Seiringinnya perkembangan teknologi Pengolahan data PPKS baik pendaftaran, perkembangan, maupun pengaduan belum terkelola dengan baik secara terkomputerisasi masih menggunakan kertas sehingga para perkerja sangat membutuhkan waktu untuk mencari data PPKS tersebut. Maka untuk itu dibuatkan sebuah sistem informasi pengolahan data PPKS untuk membantu proses pengolahan data, perkembangan dan pengaduan PPKS menggunakan program berbasis web. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penyusunan ini adalah metode waterfall. Tahapan pengembangan waterfall  berupa Analisis, Desain, Coding, Unit testing, Pemeliharaan. Pada tahap perancangan web ini menggunakan UML yaitu : Usecase Diagram, Squence Diagram, Class Diagram, Deployment Dan ERD. Sedangkan untuk pendukung pemogramannya adalah Framework Codeigniter sebagai sebuah hasil sistemnya mampu memberikan web bagi sentra terpadu “pangudi Luhur” Bekasi sebagai pengolahan data dan pengaduan PPKS.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MELALUI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK DAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN PADA SISWA KELAS 5 SD NEGERI SONDAKAN SURAKARTA
Authors: Mustaqim Ahmad , Prabowo Arifin Nur , Tama Chandra Wira , Meintarag Noval Galih , Utomo Mas’ud Ari
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar materi permainan invasi sepakbola peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri Sondakan Surakarta, pembelajaran masih didominasi dengan motode ceramah. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Apakah model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Berbantuan lembar kerja peserta didik dan media video pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar hasil belajar materi permainan invasi sepakbola kelas V SD Negeri Sondakan Surakarta ?. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar materi permainan invasi sepakbola melalui model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Berbantuan lembar kerja peserta didik dan media video pembelajaran Pada Peserta Didik kelas V SD Negeri Sondakan Surakarta. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas V SD Negeri Sondakan Surakarta dengan jumlah 26 siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas menggunakan desain 2 siklus dimana terdapat satu kali pertemuan kegiatan pembelajaran pada tiap siklusnya. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Kriteria keberhasilan penelitian yang ditetapkan untuk hasil belajar siswa adalah 75 untuk skala penilaian 1-100 sesuai dengan Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar peserta didik meningkat dari 73,90 menjadi 81,20. Berdasarkan hasil di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Berbantuan lembar kerja peserta didik dan media video pembelajaran berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar materi permainan invasi sepakbola peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri Sondakan Surakarta.