bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When the bullied peer is native‐born vs. immigrant: A mixed‐method study with a sample of native‐born and immigrant adolescents
Authors: Caravita Simona C. S. , Stefanelli Sara , Mazzone Angela , Cadei Livia , Thornberg Robert , Ambrosini Barbara
Published: July 2019

An increasing number of immigrant students attend Italian schools, with the possibility of being involved in bullying episodes. A few studies have investigated this phenomenon, providing some evidence that immigrant students may face an increased risk of being bullied compared to native‐born students. The present study adopted a mixed‐method design, which may better detect the dynamics of bullying towards immigrant peers. Participants were 692 native‐born and immigrant students (20.5% with immigrant background; 54.8% females) who filled in self‐report measures about their bullying experiences, popularity, acceptance of diversity at school, and prejudice. Thirty‐five pupils (54% with immigrant background) were also interviewed. Two hypothetical bullying scenarios were presented: one depicting a native‐born victim and one depicting an immigrant victim. After each scenario, adolescents were encouraged to reason about the motives for bullying. Quantitative data showed that general bullying was associated with perceived popularity status among peers, while racial bullying was associated with prejudice but not peer status. The relevance of anti‐immigrant prejudices in driving racial bullying emerged also from adolescents’ interviews. The qualitative data indicated that among the reasons for bullying, adolescents mentioned a desire for dominance and popularity, in particular when the victim was non‐immigrant. Findings suggest that, in addition to individual and peer group‐related risk factors, prejudice also needs to be addressed in anti‐bullying interventions aimed to counteract racial bullying.
The Link between Discrimination and Worst Point Suicidal Ideation among Sexual and Gender Minority Adults
Authors: Salentine Cassidy M. , Hilt Lori M. , Muehlenkamp Jennifer J. , Ehlinger Peter P.
Published: July 2019

Objective

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults often report a disproportionately high rate of suicidal ideation compared to their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. The current study aimed to understand the relationship between discrimination for one's sexual orientation or gender identity and suicidal ideation. We hypothesized that discrimination would be associated with suicidal ideation at one's worst point through the indirect effects of hopelessness regarding thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness.

Method

A sample of 178 SGM adults (M age = 30.34, range 18–69; 76% white) completed an online questionnaire assessing minority‐specific stressors and suicide‐related thoughts and behaviors.

Results

A mediation model with bootstrapping indicated that greater discrimination was associated with more frequent suicidal ideation at one's worst point through the indirect effect of hopelessness regarding thwarted belongingness.

Conclusions

The current study provides evidence that the pathway between discrimination and worst point suicidal ideation may be partially explained by the perception that one will never belong. These findings support the utility of an understudied Interpersonal Theory of Suicide hypothesis for research among SGM adults.
Differential muscle hypertrophy and edema responses between high‐load and low‐load exercise with blood flow restriction
Authors: Shiromaru Fabiano Freitas , de Salles Painelli Vitor , Silva‐Batista Carla , Longo Ariel Roberth , Lasevicius Thiago , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Aihara André Yui , Tricoli Valmor , de Almeida Peres Bergson , Teixeira Emerson Luiz
Published: July 2019

We sought to determine whether early increases in cross‐sectional area (CSA) of different muscles composing the quadriceps with low‐load resistance training with blood flow restriction (LL‐BFR) were mainly driven by muscle hypertrophy or by edema‐induced swelling. We also compared these changes to those promoted by high‐load resistance training (HL‐RT). In a randomized within‐subject design, fifteen healthy, untrained men were submitted to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for CSA and edema‐induced muscle swelling assessment (fast spin echo inversion recovery, FSE‐STIR). MRI was performed in LL‐BFR and HL‐RT at baseline (W0) and after 3 weeks (W3), with a further measure after 6 weeks (W6) for HL‐RT. Participants were also assessed at these time points for indirect muscle damage markers (range of motion, ROM; muscle soreness, SOR). CSA significantly increased for all the quadriceps muscles, for both LL‐BFR and HL‐RT at W3 (all P < .05) compared to W0. However, FSE‐STIR was elevated at W3 for all the quadriceps muscles only for HL‐RT (all P < .0001), not LL‐BFR (all P > .05). Significant increases and decreases were shown in SOR and ROM, respectively, for HL‐RT in W3 compared to W0 (both P < .05), while these changes were mitigated at W6 compared to W0 (both P > .05). No significant changes in SOR or ROM were demonstrated for LL‐BFR across the study. Early increases in CSA with LL‐BFR seem to occur without the presence of muscle edema, whereas initial gains obtained by HL‐RT were influenced by muscle edema, in addition to muscle hypertrophy.
Private School Choice and Crime: Evidence From Milwaukee
Authors: DeAngelis Corey A. , Wolf Patrick J.
Published: July 2019

Objectives

This study aims to determine if private school choice reduces the proclivity of students to commit crimes as adults.

Methods

We examine crime rates for young adults who experienced Milwaukee's citywide voucher program as high school students compared to matched public school peers using unique data collected as part of a longitudinal evaluation of the program.

Results

We find that mere exposure to private schooling through a voucher is associated with lower rates of criminal activity, but the relationship is not robust to different analytic samples. Students who used the program through 12th grade, however, were much less likely to have criminal records than their public school peers. These results are apparent when controlling for a robust set of student demographics, test scores, and parental characteristics.

Conclusions

We conclude that merely being exposed to private schooling for a short time through a voucher program may not have a significant impact on criminal activity, though persistently attending a private school through a voucher program can decrease subsequent crime rates.
Unexpected Mutations in HIV-1 That Confer Resistance to the Tat Inhibitor Didehydro-Cortistatin A
Authors: Rice Andrew P.
Published: July 2019

Didehydro-cortistatin A (dCA) is a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat inhibitor that functions by selectively binding to the RNA binding domain of Tat. In addition to inhibiting viral replication, dCA can drive HIV-1 into a state of “deep latency” in which latent viruses are refractory to reactivation. Mousseau et al. (G. Mousseau, R. Aneja, M. A. Clementz, S.
Introduction to the Special issue of the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, “Magmatic and metallogenic processes associated with large igneous provinces”
Authors: Williamson Marie-Claude , Saumur Benoit M.
Published: July 2019

This Special volume published by the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences consists of a collection of six papers on the petrology, geochemistry, and metallogeny of igneous rocks emplaced in large igneous provinces (LIPs). The papers provide a snapshot of results presented at a Special Session of the 2017 Geological Association of Canada – Mineral Association of Canada Joint Annual Meeting held in Kingston, Ontario, by members of the vibrant geoscience community dedicated to the study of LIPs. Participants applauded the idea of a joint session on these topics and as a result, the session fostered animated discussions and new collaborations. The scope of magmatic and metallogenic studies of LIPs often precludes the type of brainstorming that took place during the meeting. This Special volume demonstrates that a robust understanding of magmatic processes represents the essential first step towards the search for mineral deposits in LIPs worldwide.
Identification of microRNAs responding to cold stress in Dongxiang common wild rice
Authors: Jiang Wanxia , Shi Wenkuan , Ma Xin , Zhao Jie , Wang Shanshan , Tan Lubin , Sun Chuanqing , Liu Fengxia
Published: July 2019

Low temperature is a vital effector of rice at different growth stages. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in responding to abiotic and biotic stresses. Here, we confirmed the cold tolerance of Dongxiang common wild rice and explored the miRNAs differentially expressed under cold stress using genome-wide small RNA sequencing. In total, 16 miRNAs, nine upregulated and seven downregulated by cold stress, were characterized in Dongxiang common wild rice, and their target genes were predicted. Additionally, an AgriGO analysis of the target genes revealed that they were enriched in several terms related to cold-stress tolerance, suggesting a complex response mechanism, involving miRNAs, to cold stress in Dongxiang common wild rice.
Academic Integrity in the Online Classroom
Authors: Bane Jacob A.
Published: July 2019

As distance education grows, so does the need to ensure student identity and academic integrity. The academic integrity landscape continues to evolve, and universities have deployed a variety of methods to ensure integrity. The Ohio State University used a dual approach to ensure academic integrity across its distance education offerings employing a virtual proctoring solution and faculty education on authentic assessments. A solid foundation was set with this initiative; however, development will continue in order to meet the needs of a changing educational landscape.
Understanding Galaxy Evolution Through Emission Lines
Authors: Kewley Lisa J. , Nicholls David C. , Sutherland Ralph S.
Published: July 2019

We review the use of emission lines for understanding galaxy evolution, focusing on excitation source, metallicity, ionization parameter, ISM pressure, and electron density. We discuss the physics, benefits, and caveats of emission line diagnostics, including the effects of theoretical model uncertainties, diffuse ionized gas, and sample selection bias. In anticipation of upcoming telescope facilities, we provide new self-consistent emission line diagnostic calibrations for complete spectral coverage from the UV to the IR. These diagnostics can be used in concert to understand how fundamental galaxy properties have changed across cosmic time. We conclude the following: ▪ The UV, optical, and IR contain complementary diagnostics that can probe the conditions within different nebular ionization zones. ▪ Accounting for complex density gradients and temperature profiles is critical for reliably estimating the fundamental properties of Hii regions and galaxies. ▪ Diffuse ionized gas can raise metallicity estimates, flatten metallicity gradients, and introduce scatter in ionization parameter measurements. ▪ New 3D emission line diagnostics successfully separate the contributions from star formation, AGN, and shocks using integral field spectroscopy. We summarize with a discussion of the challenges and major opportunities for emission line diagnostics in the coming years.
Light-Sheet Microscopy in Neuroscience
Authors: Hillman Elizabeth M.C. , Voleti Venkatakaushik , Li Wenze , Yu Hang
Published: July 2019

Light-sheet microscopy is an imaging approach that offers unique advantages for a diverse range of neuroscience applications. Unlike point-scanning techniques such as confocal and two-photon microscopy, light-sheet microscopes illuminate an entire plane of tissue, while imaging this plane onto a camera. Although early implementations of light sheet were optimized for longitudinal imaging of embryonic development in small specimens, emerging implementations are capable of capturing light-sheet images in freely moving, unconstrained specimens and even the intact in vivo mammalian brain. Meanwhile, the unique photobleaching and signal-to-noise benefits afforded by light-sheet microscopy's parallelized detection deliver the ability to perform volumetric imaging at much higher speeds than can be achieved using point scanning. This review describes the basic principles and evolution of light-sheet microscopy, followed by perspectives on emerging applications and opportunities for both imaging large, cleared, and expanded neural tissues and high-speed, functional imaging in vivo.
Peeling the Onion of Brain Representations
Authors: Kriegeskorte Nikolaus , Diedrichsen Jörn
Published: July 2019

The brain's function is to enable adaptive behavior in the world. To this end, the brain processes information about the world. The concept of representation links the information processed by the brain back to the world and enables us to understand what the brain does at a functional level. The appeal of making the connection between brain activity and what it represents has been irresistible to neuroscience, despite the fact that representational interpretations pose several challenges: We must define which aspects of brain activity matter, how the code works, and how it supports computations that contribute to adaptive behavior. It has been suggested that we might drop representational language altogether and seek to understand the brain, more simply, as a dynamical system. In this review, we argue that the concept of representation provides a useful link between dynamics and computational function and ask which aspects of brain activity should be analyzed to achieve a representational understanding. We peel the onion of brain representations in search of the layers (the aspects of brain activity) that matter to computation. The article provides an introduction to the motivation and mathematics of representational models, a critical discussion of their assumptions and limitations, and a preview of future directions in this area.
Independent Influence of Blood Pressure on QTc Interval: Results from a General Chinese Population
Authors: Sun Guo-Zhe , Zhou Ying , Ye Ning , Wu Shao-Jun , Sun Ying-Xian
Published: July 2019

Aims. We performed the current study primarily to characterize the independent association of blood pressure with heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval after adjusting for cardiovascular confounding factors and left ventricular mass (LVM) in a large general population in China. Methods. All enrolled 10,553 permanent residents with age ≥ 35 years from Liaoning Province were investigated by a questionnaire and then subjected to physical examinations, laboratory analyses, and electrocardiogram (ECG) as well as echocardiogram at the same visit. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the independent association of blood pressure with QTc interval. Results. Hypertensive subjects had significantly longer QTc interval and higher prevalence of prolonged QTc interval compared with normotensive ones in all subgroups stratified by gender and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (all Ps ≤ 0.001). Multiple relevant clinical confounding factors and LVM were all adjusted in the multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses. As a result, both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were independently associated with QTc interval (β = 0.12 and 0.16, respectively; Ps < 0.001). Furthermore, as categorical variables, hypertension was independently associated with prolonged QTc interval (OR = 1.71; P < 0.001). Sex-specific analyses revealed that the independent associations were detected in both males and females (all Ps < 0.001). Conclusions. These key findings of the current study highlighted the fact that hypertension was significantly associated with prolonged QTc interval and the correlations were independent of confounding factors and LVM.
Lateral Periodontal Cyst Treated with Enucleation and Guided Bone Regeneration: A Report of a Case and a Review of Pertinent Literature
Authors: Ramalingam Sundar , Alrayyes Yasser Fahad , Almutairi Khalid Buayjan , Bello Ibrahim O.
Published: July 2019

Lateral periodontal cyst (LPC) is an uncommon developmental odontogenic cyst arising on the lateral surface of tooth roots. Commonly reported in mandibular canine-premolar or maxillary anterior regions, it presents as a well-circumscribed or tear drop-shaped radiolucency with a sclerotic border. Associated teeth are asymptomatic and vital, and roots may be displaced without resorption. Histopathologically, cystic lining resembles reduced enamel epithelium along with glycogen-rich clear cells and epithelial plaques. Unilateral variant of LPC has low recurrence and is managed by enucleation. A 43-year-old male patient reported with asymptomatic swelling in the left mandibular canine and first premolar region. Both teeth were vital, and radiographs revealed well-circumscribed radiolucency between the roots. Following consent, surgical enucleation and guided bone regeneration (GBR) with xenograft and resorbable collagen membrane were done under local anesthesia. The immediate postoperative period was uneventful, and complete bone fill of cystic cavity and healing of periodontal tissues was observed after a one-year follow-up. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis. LPC should be a differential diagnosis in cystic lesions lateral to the surface of a tooth and without any associated inflammation. Based on this case report, unicystic LPC can be successfully managed through surgical enucleation with GBR for better periodontal healing.
An Unusual Neurological Form of Acute Intussusception in an Infant: Late Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Louachama Ouidad , Rada Noureddine , Draiss Ghizlane , Fouraiji Karima , Ouled Saiad Mohamed , Bouskraoui Mohamed
Published: July 2019

Acute intussusception is one of the most common causes of intestinal obstruction in infants and small children and involves the invagination of one bowel segment into another. The clinical signs can be deceptively misleading when there is only one symptom or when an unusual symptom is in the foreground, especially in infants less than 1-year-old. We report a case of an infant with an acute intussusception where the neurological symptoms are predominant. The neurological form is the expression of major vascular narrowing of the collar of the intestinal intussusception; this form is rare and misleading and can be responsible for a delayed diagnosis.
An Unusual Cause of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: The Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome
Authors: Naciri Salim , Zahraoui Rachida , Soualhi Mouna , Bourkadi Jamal-Eddine
Published: July 2019

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome is a rare clinical and radiologic condition. It is characterized by tracheal and bronchial dilation. Diagnosis is made by computed tomography and bronchoscopy. An 81-year-old man presenting with an acute chest pain was referred to the pulmonology department. His chest computed tomographic scan showed a tracheobronchomegaly with an increase in the diameter of both the trachea and right and left main bronchi, associated with pneumomediastinum and fibrosis. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed enlarged trachea and both main bronchi. These findings are consistent with a diagnosis of Mounier-Kuhn syndrome. Besides considering this long-neglected “orphan disease” when diagnosing spontaneous pneumomediastinum, clinicians should also be aware of an underlying Mounier-Kuhn syndrome in patients with recurrent respiratory infections, in order to avoid complications associated with the disease.
Microbiota of Sardinian Goat’s Milk and Preliminary Characterization of Prevalent LAB Species for Starter or Adjunct Cultures Development
Authors: Pisano Maria Barbara , Deplano Maura , Fadda Maria Elisabetta , Cosentino Sofia
Published: July 2019

This work was performed to study the microbiota of raw goat’s milk (67 samples) collected in different areas of Sardinia, in order to select autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains for use in goat cheese manufacturing. Total mesophilic bacteria ranged between 105and 107cfu/mL; mean counts ofEnterobacteriaceaedid not exceed 4 log cfu/mL whereas those ofE. coliand coagulase-positive staphylococci were lower than 1.5 and 2 log ufc /ml, respectively. NeitherSalmonellaspp. norListeria monocytogeneswere recovered. The numbers of total LAB were in the range from 104to 107cfu/mL and mean yeasts counts varied between 103and 105cfu/mL. The most frequently isolated LAB species wereLactococcus lactissubsp.lactisandLactobacillus paracasei. The presence ofEnterococcus faeciumwas also noteworthy. Thein vitrostudy of some functional characteristics related to technological properties of the strains belonging to these species allowed to point out some strains possessing good potential for use as adjunct or starter cultures in the production of cheese.
Photodynamic Surgery for Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma
Authors: Martano Marina , Morello Emanuela , Avnet Sofia , Costa Francesco , Sammartano Federica , Kusuzaki Katsuyuki , Baldini Nicola
Published: July 2019

Musculoskeletal sarcomas are rare and aggressive human malignancies affecting bones and soft tissues with severe consequences, in terms of both morbidity and mortality. An innovative technique that combines photodynamic surgery (PDS) and therapy (PDT) with acridine orange has been recently suggested, showing promising results. However, due to the low incidence of sarcoma in humans, this procedure has been attempted only in pilot studies and stronger evidence is needed. Naturally occurring tumors in cats are well-established and advantageous models for human cancers. Feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS) shares with human musculoskeletal sarcomas a mesenchymal origin and an aggressive behavior with a high relapse rate. Furthermore, wide surgical excision is not always possible due to the size and site of development. We assessed the feasibility and the effectiveness of PDS and PDT with acridine orange to prevent FISS recurrence by treating a short case series of cats. For PDS, the surgical field was irrigated with an acridine orange solution and exposed to UV light to enlighten the residual tumor tissue, and the resultant fluorescent areas were trimmed. For PDT, before wound closure, the field was again irrigated with acridine orange solution and exposed to visible light to get the antitumoral cytocidal effect. The procedure was easy to perform and well tolerated, we did not observe any major complications, and all the surgical resection margins were free of disease. Finally, at follow-up, all treated patients did not show evidence of tumor recurrence and had a significantly higher event-free survival rate in respect to a control group treated only by surgery. In conclusion, by this study we demonstrated that, in FISS, PDS and PDT with acridine orange may improve local tumor control, granting a better outcome, and we laid the foundation to validate its effectiveness for the treatment of human musculoskeletal sarcomas.
Predictive Control for Interval Type-2 Fuzzy System with Event-Triggered Scheme
Authors: Wang Siyao , Tang Xiaoming , Deng Li , Qu Hongchun , Tian Linfeng , Tan Cheng
Published: July 2019

In this paper, a synthesis approach of model predictive control (MPC) is proposed for interval type-2 (IT2) Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy system with quantization error, bounded disturbance, and data loss. The novelty lies in the following technical improvements. In order to reduce the redundant data transmission, an event-triggered communication scheme is applied to determine whether the control law should be transmitted into the communication network or not. The IT2 T-S fuzzy model is utilized to address the nonlinearity of plant with parameter uncertainties, which can be captured by the lower and upper membership functions. Furthermore, the phenomena of data loss and quantization error between the controller and the actuator are expressed as Markovian chain and sector-bound uncertainties. The synthesis approach of MPC is provided by solving an MPC optimization problem over an infinite horizon objective function which explicitly considers the input constraints. By applying the quadratic boundedness (QB) technique, the recursive feasibility and quadratic stability of closed-loop system can be guaranteed. A numerical simulation and comparison studies are proposed to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Asymptomatic Dialysate Turbidity and Repeated Intraductal Clots in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient
Authors: Xu Tian , Xie Jingyuan , Wang Weiming , Ren Hong , Chen Nan
Published: July 2019

A female patient underwent peritoneal dialysis for 2.5 years. She was found to have a constant turbid peritoneal dialysis effluent for 3 months without abdominal pain. Repeated routine tests of peritoneal effluent samples showed an elevated white blood cell count and an increased number of eosinophils. Additionally, a small black spot was found inside the Tenckhoff catheter. The presence of bacteria and fungi was negative by peritoneal fluid culture. Idiopathic eosinophilic peritonitis was considered, and oral corticosteroid treatment was administered. Soon after, the dialysis effluent became clear. However, eosinophilic peritonitis immediately relapsed after the corticosteroid therapy was suspended. Even worse, catheter dysfunction occurred, likely due to a clot that gradually formed from the spot. Finally, the catheter was removed, and a pathological examination was performed. It was revealed that the clot was composed of fungal spores and hyphae as well as eosinophils. This case reminds us that fungal peritonitis should be suspected when a clot forms.
Phenotypic Analysis of CD4+ Treg, CD8+ Treg, and Breg Cells in Adult Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patients
Authors: Yesillik Sait , Agrawal Sudhanshu , Gollapudi Sastry V. , Gupta Sudhir
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Regulatory lymphocytes (CD4+ T regulatory cells [Treg], CD8+ Treg, and B regulatory cells [Breg]) play a critical role in immune homeostasis and tolerance. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is associated with increased susceptibility to infections and increased frequency of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. CD4+ Treg cell abnormalities have been reported in CVID; however, CD8+ Treg cells have not been reported in CVID. The objective of this study was to evaluate CD4+ Treg and CD8+ Treg cells in CVID patients. Methods: In 25 patients with CVID and age-matched healthy controls, Treg cells, evaluated in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (natural; nCD4+ Treg and nCD8+ Treg) and following in vitro activation with anti-CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibodies (induced; iCD4+ Treg and iCD8+ Treg) as well as Breg cells were analyzed with specific monoclonal antibodies and isotype controls using flow cytometry. Results: The proportions of nCD4+ Treg (CD4+ CD127low CD25high FoxP3+), iCD4+ Treg (CD4+ CD127low CD25high FoxP3+), iCD8+ Treg (CD8+ CD25high CD183+ FoxP3+), and Breg (CD19+ CD24high CD38high) lymphocytes were significantly lower in patients with CVID than in controls. Conclusions: Altered regulatory lymphocytes may play a role in the pathogenesis and autoimmunity and inflammation associated with CVID.
Stable individual variation in ventral spotting patterns in Phyllomedusa trinitatis (Anura: Phyllomedusidae) and other Phyllomedusa species: a minimally invasive method for recognizing individuals
Authors: Smith Joanna M. , Bland Adam , Gourevitch Eleanor , Hoskisson Paul A. , Downie J. Roger
Published: July 2019

Stable individual variation in ventral spotting patterns in Phyllomedusa trinitatis (Anura: Phyllomedusidae) and other Phyllomedusa species: a minimally invasive method for recognizing individuals. We describe a distinctive pattern of individually variable white ‘islands’ and dots on the ventral surfaces of the throat and forearm regions of male and female Phyllomedusa trinitatis. Crucially, we report from captive-reared individuals that these patterns are ontogenetically stable. We have used these patterns to recognize individual frogs in populations of 60 and more. Examination of the ventral surfaces of other Phyllomedusa species in museum specimens and from published accounts suggests that use of these patterns provides a generally useful, minimally invasive recognition method in this genus. We fnd that species previously classed as Phyllomedusa but now regarded as belonging to different genera lack these patterns.
Salt Intake and Risk of Disaster Hypertension Among Evacuees in a Shelter After the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Hoshide Satoshi , Nishizawa Masafumi , Okawara Yukie , Harada Noriko , Kunii Osamu , Shimpo Masahisa , Kario Kazuomi
Published: July 2019

This study investigated the association between salt intake and risk of disaster hypertension. We analyzed the data of surveys evaluating the health condition of evacuees in shelters after the Great East Japan Earthquake on April 30 and May 5, 2011. Among 272 subjects who completed the basic health condition questionnaire and underwent a medical examination, 158 (58%) had disaster hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg). Average estimated sodium intake assessed by spot urine was significantly associated with disaster hypertension (odds ratio per 1 g/d, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05–1.30). When we defined the high risk factors for salt-sensitive hypertension as older age (≥65 years), obesity (body mass index, ≥25 kg/m
2
), chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus, estimated sodium intake was found to be a risk factor for disaster hypertension in the total group (odds ratio per 1 g/d, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.12–1.43) and even in the group without prevalent hypertension before disaster (n=146; odds ratio per 1 g/d, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.19–1.79). There was an interaction between estimated sodium intake and disaster hypertension according to the presence or absence of high risk of salt-sensitive hypertension in the group without prevalent hypertension (
P
=0.03). Disaster hypertension conferred a risk of microalbuminuria (odds ratio, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.71–5.26;
P
<0.001). We conclude that increased estimated sodium intake was associated with disaster hypertension in evacuees after disaster. This association was noted in the population with high risk of salt-sensitive hypertension and without prevalent hypertension before natural disaster. Additionally, disaster hypertension was associated with subclinical organ damage.
İnsan Kaynakları Uygulamalarının Kurumsallaşma Algısı Üzerindeki Öncüllük Rolü
Authors: IŞIK Metin , ÇİÇEK Berat
Published: July 2019

İşletmeler
kâr elde etme, sürekli büyüme, topluma hizmet etme ve çalışan istihdam etmek
gibi birtakım amaçlara sahiptir. Bu amaçların gerçekleştirilebilmesinde ise
işletmenin kurumsallaşma düzeyi oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bir işletmenin
kurumsallaşma düzeyini ifade eden birçok gösterge olmakla birlikte, bunlardan
birisi de insan kaynakları uygulamalarıdır. İnsan kaynaklarının işe alım, eğitim ve geliştirme, performans ve ücret
yönetimi gibi temel uygulamaları kurumsallaşmış işletmelerdeki bilinen yaygın uygulamalardır.
Bu bağlamda, araştırmamız Türkiye’de kurumsallaşmanın en başarılı
örneklerinden, bankacılık sektöründe gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada insan
kaynaklarının temel uygulamalarının, kurumsallaşma algısı üzerindeki öncüllük etkisinin
ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, İstanbul ilindeki özel
ve kamu banka çalışanlarından anket tekniğiyle veriler toplanmıştır. Verilerin
analizi neticesinde İK uygulamalarının, kurumsallaşmanın alt boyutlarından
olan; yapı ve işleyişin kurallı hale gelmesi, sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı
sağlama, süreklilik ve yönetimin profesyonelleşmesi boyutları üzerinde pozitif
ve anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmanın literatüre katkı
sunmasının yanı sıra ülkemizdeki en önemli sektörlerden olan bankacılık sektörü
açısından çözüm önerileri getirmesi de beklenmektedir.
GENÇLERİN SENDİKAL ALGI VE TUTUMLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: PALAZ Serap , POYRAZ Olcay
Published: July 2019

Gençler genellikle düşük ücretli, düşük statülü ve güvencesiz işlerde çalışmakta ve işgücü piyasasındaki konumları giderek daha fazla istikrarsızlığa maruz kalmakta dolayısıyla sendikal destek ve korumaya daha fazla ihtiyaç duymaları beklenilmektedir.  Fakat tüm dünyada olduğu gibi, Türkiye'de de son yıllarda genç sendikalaşma oranı yetişkinlerin oranından daha hızlı düşmektedir. Bu çalışmada genç işgücünün düşük sendika üyelik oranlarının nedenleri arasında yer alan gençlerin sendikaya yönelik tutum ve davranışlarına odaklanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın evreni tam zamanlı/yarı zamanlı, dönemsel veya geçici olarak iş piyasasında yer alan 15-29 yaş grubunda yer alan gençler oluşturmaktadır.  Veriler yüz yüze yapılan anket yöntemi ile toplanmış ve verilerin analizinde frekans dağılımı ve tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları bize gençlerin sendikal tutum ve algılarının olumsuz olmasından ziyade sendika konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıklarını, sendikaların da kendilerini anlatma ve tanıtma konusunda yetersiz ve işlevsiz kaldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Islam and Iconoclasm
Authors: Ozgur Alhassen Leyla
Published: July 2019

In the Qurʾān, Ibrāhīm is portrayed as breaking the idols that his people worship (21:51–73), a story that comes at the crossroads of a number of ethical issues, including the freedom of belief. In this study, I examine the issue through a number of different lenses: Qurʾānic commentary (tafsīr on the story), art history (Islam, art and iconoclasm), legal opinions (jurisprudence), philosophical approaches (civil disobedience), and literary analysis (focused on idolatry and Ibrāhīm in the Qurʾān). In looking at the issue from these various perspectives, I argue that analyzing the story as a form of civil disobedience, while using literary analysis, lends new insights and gives modern readers tools with which to bridge some of the moral and ethical issues at play in the story of Ibrāhīm breaking his people’s idols.
Words Made Flesh
Authors: Homrighausen Jonathan
Published: July 2019

This essay explores the potential of calligraphy for engaging sacred text through an analysis of two works by Donald Jackson, British calligrapher and creator of The Saint John’s Bible. Closely situating these works in the contexts of the twentieth-century Roman-alphabet calligraphy revival, in Jackson’s own career, in his own writings on calligraphy, and in the context of his medieval predecessors, reveals not only a visual but a multisensory exegesis of scripture through reading, seeing, hearing, touching, and moving. Through his use of lettering and gilding to engage many different sensory modalities, Jackson’s works exemplify the Bible’s role as an iconic text in which script becomes image. Theologically, they embody an incarnationality revealing the spirit of the scribe and the Spirit inspiring the scribe.
Lived Theology: Spirit, Economy, and Asceticism in Irenaeus and His Readers
Authors: Saieg Paul
Published: July 2019

Salvation lies at the heart of Irenaeus’ thought. His two surviving works not only declare helping his readers’ communities toward salvation as their purpose, but even contain prayers and meditations for the Valentinians’ salvation. However, following the paradigm set down by Harnack more than a century ago, scholars have tended to separate what Irenaeus insists “rejoice together”: “truth in the mind” and “holiness in the body” (Dem 3). By reconsidering the history of Irenaean scholarship on the nature of the divine economy and the infancy of Adam, I show that Adam’s infancy is temporal rather than physical and that Irenaeus’ interpretation of Adam’s growth is at the same time the phenomenological structure of temptation, maturation, and askesis experienced by the living reader. Irenaeus’ soteriology was not simply a metaphysical theory but an ascetic and even phenomenological discourse structuring a way of life—it was a lived theology.
The legal foundations of post-mortem examinations in early modern Flanders. Princely legislation, custom, doctrine and judicial practice
Authors: Dekoster Kevin
Published: July 2019

Because of its manifold references to the consultation of medical experts in homicide and infanticide cases, the Constitutio Criminalis Carolina of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (1532) is often regarded as an important milestone in the development of early modern forensic medicine. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the County of Flanders, a principality within the Habsburg Netherlands, witnessed a similar upsurge in the production of normative and doctrinal texts aiming to regulate forensic activities. Drawing on princely legislation, local customary law and the writings of the jurists Filips Wielant and Joos de Damhouder, this contribution will compare the corpus of Flemish legal texts with its practical application by the myriad of law courts operating within the county. As the princely legislation only laid out a general framework, the regulation of the forensic post-mortem was essentially an issue of local governance. The local nature of forensic practices should however not be overestimated. Evidence from preserved post-mortem reports demonstrates that there were more similarities between towns and regions within the county than actual differences.
Ebooks, Book History, and Markers of Place
Authors: Henningsgaard Per
Published: July 2019

This article considers how markers of place function differently in the print book ecosystem vs. the ebook ecosystem, using books associated with Australia and Western Australia as a case study. Although book historians have mostly failed to engage with ebooks as subject matter, they have considered in some detail the way in which markers of place function in the print book ecosystem. By surveying the scholarly output of book historians working with mapping technologies, it is possible to conclude that, in the print book ecosystem, there exist a handful of markers identifying the following categories: places associated with a book’s setting, its author, its publication, its purchase, and its marketing and publicity. The latter three markers look substantially different in the ebook ecosystem than in the print book ecosystem. Furthermore, in the ebook ecosystem, changes to these three markers can mediate setting and author as markers of place.
Bringing Human Rights to Bear on Climate Change
Authors: Knox John H.
Published: July 2019

This article provides a framework for considering how human rights norms have been, and may be, brought to bear on climate change. After describing how human rights norms have been applied to environmental issues generally, the article addresses the challenge of climate change, whose global nature complicates the application of environmental human rights norms. The third section summarizes the emerging human rights obligations of states with respect to climate change.
Climate Change Litigation and Human Rights: Pushing the Boundaries
Authors: Savaresi Annalisa , Auz Juan
Published: July 2019

The adoption of the Paris Agreement has prompted a flurry of climate change litigation, both to redress the impacts of climate change and to put pressure on state and non-state actors to adopt more ambitious action to tackle climate change. The use of human rights law as a gap-filler to provide remedies where other areas of the law do not is not new, especially in the environmental context. It is therefore not a surprise that human rights arguments are increasingly being made, and human rights remedies increasingly being sought, in climate change litigation. While relatively few cases have been argued on human rights grounds so far, the trend is continuing and accelerating, with some striking results. This article takes stock of human rights arguments made in climate change litigation to date to gauge what they reveal about the evolving relationship between human rights and climate change law—and about possible future developments.
Filial Phantasmagoria
Authors: Lambe Jennifer L.
Published: July 2019

Antonio Maceo Grajales (1845–1896) is one of the most celebrated heroes of Cuban independence. Though he died before he could see the dawn of a sovereign, if U.S.-occupied, Cuba, Maceo would become an important node of nationalist commemoration. Throughout this process, Maceo’s blackness represented both a source of his prestige—the struggle against African slavery had been intimately tied to independence—and a barometer of lingering racial inequalities. Posthumous depictions thus tended to downplay racial tensions in a unifying vision of nation. Yet Maceo’s martyrdom in the Spanish-Cuban-American War also reverberated in more uncanny registers. Before and after his death, apocryphal sons emerged periodically from the shadows, opening battles over Maceo’s legacy. In their movement across borders, these real and apocryphal children gave voice to silences around race and sovereignty as they converged on the body of their lionized “father,” while also opening up narrative spaces wherein the status quo could be reimagined.
Fifty Shades of Trade
Authors: Espersen Ryan
Published: July 2019

From 1816 to the 1830s, the islands of St. Eustatius, Saba, St. Thomas, St. Maarten, and St. Barts were actively engaged with illicit trade in ships, prize goods, and the transatlantic slave trade. Ships’ crews, governors, and merchants took advantage of the islands’ physical, political, and legal environments to effectively launder goods, ships, and people that were actively involved in these activities. St. Thomas stands out due to the longevity of its status as a regional and international hub for illicit trade at the end of Atlantic and Caribbean privateering and piracy. Within this social and political environment, this paper will unveil the tensions between international, regional, and local interests that drove merchants and colonial officials on St. Thomas to engage with illegal transatlantic slave traders, privateers, and pirates, during the early nineteenth century. Secondly, this paper will reveal the processes through which these relations occurred.
Christian-Muslim Relations: an Analysis of the Quranic Articulation of Christian Friendliness to Muslims
Authors: Islam Tazul
Published: July 2019

The Quranic discourse on Christians is paradoxical because its narratives express both compliments and condemnation, reproach and rapprochement. Scholars debate the sentiments behind the Quranic assertion that Christians are “certainly nearest in friendship” to the Muslim believers (Q 5:82). While some believe that this forms an incentive for rapprochement between Muslims and Christians, others interpret it in completely the opposite way. As such, this study aims to answer the fundamental question of whether Christian-Muslim friendship is possible. To come to a conclusion, it will examine the pros and cons of Christian-Muslim friendship that are detailed in both classical and modern exegeses concerning the nature of such friendship, the reasons behind it, and the identity of the friendly Christians mentioned in the Quran. It is expected that the result of this study will contribute to revising current understanding of Christian-Muslim relations.
International Regulations of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Shipping
Authors: Lee Jae-Gon
Published: July 2019

This article assesses the current situation of ghg emissions from international shipping, recognizing the dire need of counter-responses from the industry. It examines the attempted international endeavor by the International Maritime Organization (imo) to regulate ghg emissions from international maritime transportation and seeks ways ahead in response to existing challenges. It is suggested that certain responses can be taken to overcome the insufficient action to ghg emissions from international shipping, including reinforcement of present technical and operational measures, adoption of market-based measures, capacity-building in developing countries, and regional and domestic measures of port States.
Hirondellea sindhusagar (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea), a new deep-water scavenger species from the Indian Ocean, with a key to the genus Hirondellea
Authors: HORTON TAMMY , THURSTON MICHAEL
Published: July 2019

The amphipod genus Hirondellea Chevreux, 1889 is a cosmopolitan largely bathyal genus. This paper adds a new species from the bathyal Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, based on material collected by baited traps at 1182, 1184 and 1864 m off the coast of Pakistan. The species can be distinguished from the most closely allied species, Hirondellea brevicaudata (Chevreux, 1910) by the subacute lateral head lobes, the very weakly cleft telson, and characters of the mouthparts. A key to the ten species in the genus is provided.
Culexiregiloricus, a new genus of Nanaloricidae (Loricifera) from the deep sea of the Guinea Basin (Southeast Atlantic)
Authors: GAD GUNNAR
Published: July 2019

A postlarva of Nanaloricidae (Loricifera) was found in the deep sea of the Guinea Basin. This postlarva belongs to a new species, Culexiregiloricus trichiscalida, which also represents a new genus. It inhabits clayish sediments with a high amount of calcitic multi-chambered shells of recent planktonic foraminiferans of 0.25 to 1.5 mm in size. This is the third report of a species of Nanaloricidae from a deep-sea habitat. The postlarva is characterized by a mouth cone divided in a short basal section and being drawn out terminally in to a long and slim mouth tube as second section. It also has distinct filiform and delicate clavoand spinoscalis of the second and third rows all covered with minute trichoids, a lorica divided into eight plates (four broad and four narrow ones, some of which have two to eight transversal undulations) and eight wide intercalary plicae (six broad and two narrow ones, with distinct longitudinal folds), 14 lorica spikes of medium size along anterior rim of lorica. Other characters include eight dorsal papillated flosculi, of which six form clusters of three each on dorsolateral plates, and a caudal end with a broad ventral plate flanked longitudinally by massive elevated cuticular ridges. Together with the three species of the genus Armorloricus and one species of the genus Phoeniciloricus, the new species may form a specific species-group within Nanaloricidae, which is characterized by a long and slim mouth tube as the most obvious character.
Functional brain effects of acute concussion in Australian rules football players
Authors: Jackson Graeme D , Makdissi Michael , Pedersen Mangor , Parker Donna M , Curwood Evan K , Farquharson Shawna , Connelly Alan , Abbott David F , McCrory Paul
Published: July 2019

Aim

To determine whether acute sport-related concussion is associated with functional brain changes in Australian rules footballers.

Methods

Twenty acutely concussed professional Australian footballers were studied with 3 T magnetic resonance imaging and compared to 20 age-matched control subjects. We statistically compared whole-brain local functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity between acutely concussed footballers and controls using voxel-wise permutation testing.

Results

The acutely concussed football players had significantly decreased local functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right inferior parietal lobe, and right anterior insula, compared to controls. No functional brain changes between groups within the default mode network were observed.

Discussion

Acutely concussed footballers had in common decreased functional connectivity within the right lateralized “cognitive control network” of the brain that is involved in executive functions, and the “salience network” involved in switching between tasks. Dysfunction of these brain regions is a plausible explanation for typical clinical features of concussion.