bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RE: Reinterpreting the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Plantar Heel Pain Through an International Lens
Authors: Koc Jr. Thomas A. , Bise Christopher G. , Neville Christopher , Carreira Dominic , Martin RobRoy L.
Published: January 2025

Author response to the JOSPT Letter to the Editor-in-Chief “Reinterpreting the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Plantar Heel Pain Through an International Lens”

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2025;55(1):73-74. doi:10.2519/jospt.2025.0202-R
NICEA. LA STORIA E L’ATTUALITÀ DEL CONCILIO DI NICEA
Authors: Burigana Riccardo
Published: January 2025

Il Concilio di Nicea, tenutosi nel 325, ha avuto un ruolo cruciale nella definizione delle dottrine fondamentali della Chiesa cristiana ed è essenziale per la riflessione teologica contemporanea. Comprenderne la storia e la ricezione iniziale è essenziale per valutarne la rilevanza nello scenario attuale, soprattutto nel contesto del movimento ecumenico. La letteratura sul Concilio si è ampliata, con particolare attenzione agli studi recenti che ne rivisitano l'importanza, tra cui monografie in italiano e nuovi approcci a figure come Costantino, uno dei protagonisti dell'evento. Inoltre, le fonti primarie come Eusebio di Cesarea e le edizioni critiche dei canoni continuano a essere un riferimento per l'approfondimento del Concilio. Nel 2025, il 1700° anniversario del Concilio di Nicea si inserisce in un contesto storico significativo, che comprende altre tappe fondamentali come il Giubileo della Speranza e il 60° anniversario del Concilio Vaticano II. Questi anniversari, insieme alle commemorazioni ecumeniche, rafforzano l'importanza del Concilio di Nicea nella storia della Chiesa. L'evento non solo ha formato le basi dottrinali, ma è stato anche centrale per il movimento ecumenico contemporaneo, che cerca di superare le divisioni storiche tra le confessioni cristiane. La riflessione sul Concilio di Nicea, in particolare sul Simbolo niceno-costantinopolitano, è vista come un'opportunità per promuovere l'unità dei cristiani, superando i pregiudizi e le polarizzazioni che ancora persistono. Questo processo di riscoperta del Concilio è un modo per recuperare una “spiritualità” che, in dialogo con le sfide del XXI secolo, offre un percorso di comunione e di unità tra i cristiani, superando le tensioni storiche e religiose a favore della pace e della collaborazione.
A DIVERSIDADE DOS GRUPOS EVANGÉLICOS NO BRASIL E A QUESTÃO ECUMÊNICA
Authors: De Oliveira Ribeiro Claudio
Published: January 2025

O texto apresenta resultados de pesquisa em torno da diversidade religiosa no campo evangélico, vista a partir do princípio pluralista, que analisa dados sobre como os grupos evangélicos que, historicamente, possuem práticas e perspectivas ecumênicas estão presentes no quadro religioso atual e de que modo a atuação deles realça a diversidade evangélica na atualidade. Assim, dentro da variedade denominacional, ideológica e de práticas pastorais distintas, a análise se atenta para a recorrente distinção entre os grupos, cuja concepção pastoral e teológica foi constituída de forma mais arejada, mantendo vínculos mais nítidos com a sociedade, expressos de maneira a realçar a crítica social, a busca de direitos e formas dialógicas e inclusivas de ação. Trata-se dos grupos usualmente denominados ecumênicos e evangelicais. Metodologicamente, os conteúdos foram organizados em dois blocos. O primeiro oferece uma síntese dos aspectos principais do surgimento e do desenvolvimento dos grupos ecumênicos no Brasil. Já o segundo é um mapa, também sintético e certamente provisório, de organizações, grupos, coletivos e movimentos que marcam o cenário evangélico no Brasil e apresentam, com maior ou menor intensidade, traços do ideário ecumênico.
SOUL FOR THE SOULLESS
Authors: Santos Faustino dos , Aragão Gilbraz de Souza
Published: January 2025

This work deals with the daily difficulties of black people and the strategies that help them recover their dignity. In order to dismantle the evils that still objectify and reduce the existences and bodies of black people to their racial condition, as if they had no values or importance, we invite Rosana Paulino with her method of refazimento and Emilie Townes with her notion of countermemory to dialogue. Paulino and Townes, while working to defeat the universal narratives that despise black existence, suggest subversive places that reformulate these “universal truths”. The method of refazimento combined with the work of dismantling evil through countermemory not only presents new narratives about who black people/bodies are but also rediscovers them as a provocation to theology and its new way of considering anthropology.
Application of Bamboo Products for Green Interior
Authors: Agyei-Boakye I. , Fiati K. , Dzivor D. N. , Lawer N. J.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Bamboo is not widely accepted in Ghanaian society, as most people frown at its products and do not know the abundant eco-friendly aesthetic products obtained from it. The research aims to investigate the comprehensive application of bamboo products in green interior design, focusing on sustainability.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employed a cross-sectional research design to investigate the sustainability and marketability of bamboo and bio-based products in the interior design sector. A convenient sampling technique was used to collect data using a structured questionnaire developed specifically for this study to gather information on the demographic profile of artisans, the quality and use of bamboo products, levels of patronage, and competition with imported goods.
Findings: Innovative strategies, including eco-design, product life extension, and sustainable materials utilisation, have been identified as important factors in defining the contributions that bamboo products can make to broadening the sources of materials needed in the interior.
Research Limitation: Research confined to specific climate zones. Limited long-term performance data for bamboo products in interior applications.
Practical Implication: Advocacy for the patronage of more bamboo products leads to carbon sequestration, a means of achieving net zero (of carbon emissions) by 2050, the worldwide dream. This will result in low carbon emissions and reduced global warming and its antecedence.
Social Implication: Exposure of bamboo products to consumers enhances the marketability of the products, leading to more job creation, financial enhancement, and improved livelihood. Policymakers will, therefore, have to devise a strategy to ensure the continual supply of raw materials that will not endanger the ecosystem. Establishing bamboo plantations will result in re-afforestation, and marketing the harvested bamboo will eliminate rural poverty. This will lead to the achievement of the SDG 1.
Originality/ Value: This study aims to enhance the patronage of our Indigenous bio-based handicraft products from bamboo by architects and interior designers to curtail our carbon footprints through enhanced carbon sequestration.
A Critical Analysis and Application of Shabdartha Bodhaka Vrutti in Samhita
Authors: Vasudev Anandroa Chate , Niveditha T
Published: January 2025

Shabdartha Bodhaka Vrutti provides the insight for finding different shades of meaning for a single word or sentence especially in technical terminologies mentioned in Ayurveda where each word carries diverse meanings shaped by context. This concept unfolds through four aspects Abhidha Laksana Vyanjana and Tatparyakhya Vrutti. Abhidha Vrutti straightforwardly conveys meaning encompassing Roodha Yougika and Yoga Roodha which reveal how words convey meaning through grammar and common usage. Laksana Vrutti implies meanings indirectly with three types Jahallakshana Ajahallakshana and Jahadajahallakshana enriching comprehension beyond literal interpretation. Vyanjana Vutti suggests additional meanings beyond the literal sense posing challenges in understanding direct meanings but offering deeper insights into underlying contexts. Tatparyakhya Vrutti aids in interpreting words with multiple meanings based on context or purpose. This paper discusses these concepts with examples illustrating their significance in Ayurvedic discourse and emphasizing the dynamic nature of languages interaction with context. Understanding lsquoShabdartha Bodhaka Vruttirsquo is crucial for comprehensive knowledge as it uncovers the intricate relationship between words and meanings enriching understanding in medical sciences.
Critical Review on Hamsa Pottali Rasa-A Herbo-mineral Formulation
Authors: B Pooja , M B Seema , S Medikeri Surekha
Published: January 2025

Ayurveda often mentions use of herbal and herbo-mineral formulations in various disease conditions. In classics we discover ayurveda formulations with the same name in several books. While they occasionally share the same components and indications they also have different ingredients and indications despite sharing the same name. The action of a formulation depends on various factors such as ingredients and their pharmacological actions time of collection method of preparation dose route of administration and adjuvants. Therefore it is essential to comprehend the formulations before using them for medicinal purposes or further research. Hamsa Pottali Rasa is one such example. Four formulations are available in the literature in the name of Hamsa Pottali Rasa. All four references are indicated in grahani and mostly act on digestive and respiratory conditions. In this study an effort was made to compile and analyze the four Hamsa Pottali Rasa formulations from different texts and also to provide insight into their components dosages indications modes of action and applications.
Modernization of Ayurveda: A Needful or Purposeless Task
Authors: M Suhas , B M Shreevathsa
Published: January 2025

The valuable knowledge of ancient India initially was passed down from gurus to their shishyas in the form of oral narration Shruti and this was later transferred in the form of writings Smruti due to various limitations. Ayurveda existed as the Upaveda of Atharva Veda. This ancient medical science has traversed through various time periods until today. With the advancement of contemporary sciences there are consequential discussions among the Ayurveda fraternity with regards to the necessity for modernization of Ayurveda. It is need of the moment to assess and reassess the need for modernization of Ayurveda. The present study was one such attempt oriented towards elucidating ldquoModernizationrdquo in the field of Ayurveda and determine the domains that demand modernization and those that do not need it. The classical texts of Ayurveda and research articles from standard e-data base were consulted for the study. Initially the guidelines for upgradation of Ayurveda provided in the classicals were investigated. Later published research articles were reviewed for the gap-analysis. Finally domains that demand modernization and those that does not yield an outcome were delineated. It was found that acharyas have provided an internal framework within which Ayurveda can be modernized. All these principles fall into either lsquoStaticrsquo domain or lsquoDynamicrsquo domain among which only those under dynamic domain demand timely modernization. To conclude for a shastra to be alive for ages the practice of its core principles is most essential. But when the practice needs modifications without opposing the authenticity there is no harm in accepting the same.
A Tribute to Professor H.L. Bhalla: A Legacy of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Education and Research
Authors: (Dr.) Satheesha Babu BK Prof.
Published: January 2025

None
In Silico Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity Profile of AlkaloidsPresent in Leaves of Catharanthus roseus L.
Authors: M Dhanwad Ramgopal , R Usha , S Ganesh
Published: January 2025

Background Catharanthus roseus Madagascar periwinkle is a well-known medicinal plant that produces a variety of alkaloids with significant pharmacological activities particularly in cancer and diabetes treatment.Aim This study aimed to predict and analyze the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of major alkaloids present in the leaves of C. roseus L. using computational tools. The goal was to identify compounds with favorable drug-likeness profiles and minimal toxicological risks potentially guiding further drug development. Methodology Vincristine Vinblastine Catharanthine Vindoline Ajmalicine Vindolidine Lochnericine Serpentine and Tabersonine are the alkaloids chosen for the study. Chemical structures of the alkaloids were retrieved from ChemDraw software. Drug-likeness was assessed using Lipinskirsquos rule of five and Molsoft server. Toxicology and pharmacokinetic features were determined using the ADMETtab server.Results The study collected data on the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of various alkaloids along with their drug-likeness scores. Among the selected alkaloids Vinblastine showed the highest drug-likeness score. While most alkaloids showed favorable drug-like characteristics and absorption distribution metabolism and excretion ADME profiles a few demonstrated potential toxicity concerns such as mutagenicity and skin sensitization. Conclusion The current in-silico study demonstrated that computational predictions and server-based analyses were essential and informative in obtaining data on potential drug candidates their pharmacokinetics and the toxicity profiles of bioactive compounds from C. roseus L.Keywords Catharanthus roseus L Alkaloids Pharmacokinetics Toxicology Drug-likeness
A Survey on Dental Health Care and Formulation of Dental Emulgel Containing Herbal Actives for the Treatment of Dental Disease
Authors: I Patil Harshada , Patil Madhura , Patil Akansha , Vanjari Archana , A Wadkar Kiran
Published: January 2025

Background Periodontal disease affects individuals of all ages ethnicities genders as well as socioeconomic backgrounds and is acknowledged as a serious public health issue globally.Objectives The development and formulation of herbal remedies is the primary goal of this research work. Our goal in conducting this survey was to learn more about peoples experiences with dental care and products as well as their requirements preferences and problems in this regard. By gathering this data we could gain valuable insights into enhancing dental care practices and products to promote better oral health.Methods The current study conducted an initial survey via Google Forms. Based on the survey it was decided to formulate and develop an oral disease therapy product such as a dental gel infused with oils of clove neem peppermint camphor and Triphala extract. Several tests to determine the acid value ester value saponification value and specific gravity of clove oil and neem oil were conducted. The formulated emulgel was evaluated using the tests such as spreadability extrudability pH and viscosity.Results The surveys results showed a tendency or preference for the application of herbal remedies in dental treatment. The emulgel formulations demonstrated good physicochemical qualities and stability.Conclusion Based on the current study results it can be concluded that clove and neem oil can be successfully incorporated into the gel.
Preparation, Preliminary Physicochemical Evaluation and HPLC Analysis of Brahmi ghrita
Authors: S Rajesh , Ramachandra Setty S , MB Seema , TL Gopal
Published: January 2025

Background Brahmi ghrita BG a poly herbal Ayurvedic formulation is indicated for the treatment of a variety of psychological ailments such as Unmada insanity Apasmara epilepsy and Graharoga psychiatric disorders. As a classical preparation there is only limited data on the standardisation of BG using modern analytical techniques.Aim This study aimed to prepare BG evaluate the physicochemical properties of the prepared ghrita and quantify the amount of Bacoside A using High-performance liquid chromatography HPLC.Methods The BG was prepared according to Charaka Samhita and processed as per the Sarangadhra Sneha Kalpana. Subsequently the BG and purana ghrita PG the ghee used to prepare BG were subjected to evaluation of physicochemical parameters such as refractive index RI specific gravity acid value iodine value and saponification value. Also the amount of Bacoside A present in the BG was estimated using HPLC.Results The outcomes of the study revealed that there were no significant changes in the physicochemical parameters. Further the HPLC analysis revealed that the prepared BG contained 0.169 mgg of Bacoside A.Conclusion In summary PG and BG did not significantly differ in any of the physicochemical parameters. The extraction method for Bacoside A in BG was optimized and quantified accordingly. The quantification procedure may be helpful for further research on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies of Brahmi ghrita.
Efficacy and Safety Profile of SGLT-2 Inhibitors as Add-on Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Afzal Uddin Biyabani Syed , Patil Neelkantreddy , Raziuddin Faisal Syed
Published: January 2025

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 SGLT-2 inhibitors as adjunctive therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes. The aim was to assess their therapeutic benefits and potential risks when used in combination with standard treatment options. This study is significant because SGLT-2 inhibitors are widely prescribed and understanding their comprehensive effects is essential for optimizing patient outcomes. Several databases including PubMed the Cochrane Library Scopus Web of Science and Google Scholar were used to do a thorough literature search. All results have been analyzed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and their findings were displayed statistically to ensure accurate comparisons between treatment groups. The management of Type 2 diabetes has shown SGLT 2 inhibitors to be highly effective increasing glycemic control lowering blood pressure promoting weight loss and having positive cardiovascular effects. A study in Korean patients reported a decrease in HbA1c by 0.68 over 12 weeks with greater reductions in the add-on group. The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial indicated that Empagliflozin lowered HbA1c and decreased cardiovascular death by 38. SGLT-2 inhibitors also led to meaningful weight loss in 45.6 of patients. Blood pressure reduction was significant with a meta-analysis showing a drop in systolic BP by 5.04 mmHg. Empagliflozin and Canagliflozin have been shown to provide renal protection slowing the progression of kidney disease by 30. However there are safety concerns such as an increased risk of genital infections urinary tract infections diabetic ketoacidosis and a higher likelihood of fractures especially with Canagliflozin. Ongoing research is required to fully evaluate the long-term risks and benefits.
Secondary Students’ Motivation Levels and Factors influencing Motivations through the Lens of Self-determination Theory
Authors: Choden Leki Tshering , Rigdel Karma Sonam
Published: January 2025

This study examines the levels of motivation among secondary school students in learning geography, as well as the factors influencing their motivation. Utilizing a convergent mixed-methods design, data was collected through survey questionnaires and focus group discussions. The quantitative findings indicated a high level of motivation among students, supported by qualitative findings revealing intrinsic and extrinsic motivations such as interest in the subject. Factors influencing motivation included teaching strategies, teacher attributes, and teacher-student relationships. Moreover, interactive teaching methods, friendly and approachable teachers, and positive teacher-student relationships emerged as significant influencers of student motivation. This study contributes to the understanding of motivational factors in the context of geography learning, providing insights for educators and policymakers to optimize teaching practices and curriculum design. The present study concludes with practical implications, limitations of the study and recommendations.
Transforming Student Discipline: A Teacher’s Reflective Essay on Moving From Punishment to Compassion in Education
Authors: Ankomah William Sarfo
Published: January 2025

In this reflective essay, I examine the impact of corporal punishment in Ghanaian schools by drawing on my experiences as both a victim and a former perpetrator of these practices. Through reflecting on the punitive discipline I endured and later enforced, I highlight the detrimental effects on students’ well-being, self-worth, and engagement in learning. Guided by Parker J. Palmer’s (1997, 2015) concept that “we teach who we are,” I point out the need for educators to embody compassion, empathy, and self-awareness. I also advocate for eliminating punitive discipline in favor of nurturing, supportive, and non-violent relationships that consider the broader socioeconomic and personal contexts influencing student behavior. By creating, sustaining, and promoting a caring, inclusive, and empowering school environment, I argue that teachers can address the cycle of fear and humiliation that stifles student engagement and instead create a space where students feel valued and motivated to develop their full potential.
Using Behavior Analysis and Therapy to Teach Dance to Neurodiverse Children in Day Treatment Education Program
Authors: Anderson Brianna , Kalil Dana , Vause Tricia , Morrice Linda , Davis Sarah , Burnham Riosa Priscilla
Published: January 2025

Neurodiverse children in day treatment programs often experience behavioral challenges that limit their opportunities to engage in recreational physical activities. These activities are important for physical health and aid in developing motor and socio-emotional skills. The present study used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design to evaluate the effectiveness of Dance With A B-E-A-T! (Behavior-Analysis-and-Therapy), a community-based program combining dance with applied behavior analysis (e.g., modeling, reinforcement), to teach three dance sequences to five neurodiverse participants (7-9 years) in a day treatment program. Within five sessions, the mean percentage of steps completed correctly increased from a combined average of 31.5% (range = 18.9-52.0%) to 61.4% (range = 53.3-72.0%) for all three dance sequences, two of which were statistically significant (p < .05). The participants described their experience as “fun”, “good”, and “happy”, and program counselors reported high consumer satisfaction, suggesting Dance With A B-E-A-T! benefited both participants and staff.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Composites Based on Tutut (Belamya Javanica) and Magnetite by Coprecipitation as Adsorbents of Pb Metals Ion
Authors: Charlena  , Nazriati  , Marita Soebrata Betty , Dicky Iswara Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Increased industrial activity can result in the emission of pollutants into the environment, such as heavy metals, which are a significant source of concern. A practical approach to reduce this problem is to utilize Pb metal adsorption. This study aims to synthesize HAp from Bellamya javanica clam shells and characterize the HAp-Fe3O4 composite as a Pb metal ion adsorbent. FTIR and XRD analysis results showed the successful fabrication of the composite, resulting in a crystal dimension of 7.63 nm and a crystallinity level of 84.80%. SEM characterization showed a porous structure with a particle size of 10.98 um. Adsorption studies of Pb(II) ions showed that the HAp-Fe3O4 composite efficiently adsorbed Pb(II) ions, with the adsorption efficiency increasing from 95.80% to 98.40%. The adsorption isothermal model of the HAp-Fe3O4 composite follows the Freundlich model with a 1/n value of 0.31 and a KF value of 25.35 L/g. The adsorption kinetics study of the HAp-Fe3O4 composite follows the pseudo second-order model with an R2 value of 1, and the thermodynamic study shows the Gibbs free energy is negative, which indicates that the adsorption process is thermodynamically optimal and spontaneous. In addition, the enthalpy value is positive, indicating that the interaction between the adsorbent and lead ions is endothermic, and the entropy is negative, indicating the reduction of random collisions of lead ions in the solid (adsorbent) and aqueous solution during adsorption.
Electrospun Rare-Earth Metal Oxide (CeO2 ) Nanofiber for the Degradation of Congo Red Aqueous Dyes
Authors: Rianjanu Aditya , Haloho Trivendi , Pasaribu Joshua Leonardo , Fahmi Achmad Gus , Nurfani Eka , Sipahutar Wahyu Solafide , Yudistira Hadi Teguh , Taher Tarmizi
Published: January 2025

The persistent presence of organic dyes like Congo Red (CR) in wastewater poses a significant environmental challenge. In this study, CeO2 nanofibers (CeO2-NF) were successfully synthesized via electrospinning followed by calcination as potential photocatalysts for the degradation of CR pollutants in aqueous solutions. The synthesized nanofibers were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) for morphological and elemental analyses, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for crystalline structure, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for molecular properties. Photocatalytic degradation experiments were conducted under UVC light irradiation, with the CeO2-NF1, CeO2-NF2, and CeO2-NF3 samples achieving CR degradation percentages of 95.6%, 96.9%, and 95.2%, respectively, after 130 minutes of reaction time. Kinetic analysis revealed that the photocatalytic degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with rate constants of 0.020 min-1, 0.024 min-1, and 0.025 min-1 for CeO2-NF1, CeO2-NF2, and CeO2-NF3, respectively, highlighting the superior performance of CeO2-NF3. These results indicate that CeO2NF could serve as an effective material for the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes, offering a promising approach for wastewater treatment applications.
Enhancing the Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Tenoxicam through Co-Amorphous Formation with Meglumine by a Solvent Dropped Grinding Method
Authors: Fitriani Lili , Arif Zhafira , Hasanah Uswatul , Zaini Erizal
Published: January 2025

Tenoxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), one of the oxicam group. It is categorized as Biopharmaceutical Classification System class II, as its low solubility and high permeability. The aims of this research were to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of tenoxicam by its modification into a co-amorphous phase with meglumine at a molar 1:1 ratio. The co amorphous form of tenoxicam-meglumine was prepared by a solvent drop grinding method, and characterized by thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), solid phase by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), identification of functional group by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and morphology by polarized light microscopy (PLM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The solubility test was conducted in water, whereas the dissolution test was performed in 0.1 N HCl solution and water. The DSC thermogram demonstrated a decrease in the endothermic peak of the co-amorphous tenoxicam-meglumine. The PXRD diffractogram revealed a reduction in the peak intensity of the X-ray diffraction, which formed a halo pattern. The FT-IR spectroscopy analysis indicated the formation of the co-amorphous system. The co-amorphous of tenoxicam-meglumine solubility’s increased by 42.71-fold as compared to intact tenoxicam. The co-amorphous tenoxicam meglumine exhibited a dissolution rate of 92.71% and 100% in 0.1 N HCl and distilled water, respectively, after 60 minutes, and resulting in separate increases in dissolution efficiency by 3.05 and 9.12-times in 0.1 N HCl and distilled water. In summary, the formation of the co-amorphous phase of tenoxicam and meglumine successfully enhanced the solubility and dissolution of tenoxicam.
Biodiversity and Analysis of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Extracts Isolated from Mangrove Avicennia marina
Authors: Noviyanto  , Widjajanti Hary , Elfita
Published: January 2025

Avicennia marina, a mangrove species commonly found along coastal areas, plays both ecological and pharmacological roles, with its plant parts exhibiting antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of endophytic fungi from various organs of A. marina collected from mangrove ecosystems and to explore and analyze their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots, stems, and fruits of A. marina using PDA medium and were morphologically identified. Each fungal isolate was cultivated in PDB medium for 4 weeks under static conditions, followed by extraction to obtain concentrated extracts. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities were assessed using the DPPH method and disk diffusion assay. A total of 23 fungal isolates were obtained from the roots, stems, and fruits of A. marina. The identification results showed that the root isolates had the highest genus diversity, followed by the stem and fruit isolates. The highest distribution of antioxidant and antibacterial activities was observed in the endophytic fungal extracts from fruits, followed by those from roots and stems. Notably, the majority of the 23 endophytic fungal extracts exhibited strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Isolates AMF3 and AMF6showed the most potent antioxidant activity, classified as very strong, with IC50 values below 20 ug/mL. Morphological identification revealed AMF3 as Neopestalotiopsis sp. and AMF6 as Aspergillus niger. This study highlights the potential of Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Aspergillus niger endophytic fungi from A. marina fruits as sources of natural antioxidant and antibacterial compounds, offering valuable insights for biotechnological applications of mangrove-associated endophytes.
Enhanced Performance of Epoxy Resin-Polyimide Hybrid Composites with Aminated Carbon Nanofibers Filler
Authors: Saraswati Teguh Endah , Saputri Dini Deviana , Raharjo Wijang Wisnu
Published: January 2025

Incorporating epoxy resin (ER) and polyimide (PI) with supporting filler will exhibit composites with exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic shielding properties. This research investigates the preparation of aminated carbon nanofiber (CNF) as a filler in epoxy resin-polyimide hybrid composites. The preparation of the CNF filler was initially done by the purification process through dissolution in toluene and vacuum annealing at 800°C for 3 hours. The amine modification of CNF was done by reacting CNF with ethylenediamine, sodium nitrite, and sulfuric acid. The aminated CNF was then mixed with polyimide precursor (oxydianiline and pyromellitic dianhydride), becoming poly(amic acid)-filler. The last step was combining poly(amic acid)-filler with epoxy resin diglycidyl ether bisphenol A and polyaminoamide as hardener. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images of CNF showed the overlapped bundle fibers with the average fiber diameter around 100-120 nm. The successful amine modification was analyzed through Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis by the functional group emergence of C–N (∼1153 cm-1), N H (3737 cm-1), primary amine N–H (1534 cm-1), and better dispersion in water. The aminated filler shows a better distribution in the polymer matrices observed through macroscopic images and a higher hardness value. The FTIR of composites shows the increasing intensity in the N–H, C O amide, and C–H functional groups, indicating the highly covalent bonds between polymers and the aminated CNF filler. The TGA graph shows the recognizable termination of the polyimide and epoxy resin matrices as major components in the composite. The ER-PI composites with aminated CNF filler show improved mechanical properties in the hardness, tensile properties, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency by around three-fold higher than composites with unmodified CNF filler.
A Comprehensive Review on the Biological Activities, Usage Areas, Chemical and Phenolic Compositions of Lycium barbarum Used in Traditional Medicine Practices
Authors: Sevindik Mustafa , Uygun Asuman Evrim , Uysal Imran , Sabik Ali Erdem
Published: January 2025

Plants are organic substances extensively utilized in conventional medicinal procedures. We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature to assemble information on the biological activities, areas of use, total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations, as well as the chemical and phenolic compositions of Lycium barbarum L. The literature investigation revealed that Lycium barbarum has been extensively studied for its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Furthermore, it was observed that various components of the plant, including the fruit, leaves, flower, root, and bark, were utilized for distinct purposes. Furthermore, it was observed that the chemical and phenolic compositions documented in it exhibited variations depending on the specific parts that were utilized. Chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid are common compounds found in the leaves, flowers and fruit parts of the plant. It is thought that it will be an important material in future studies because it is a source of phenolic compounds reported in the plant. Therefore, L. barbarum is believed to have significant potential as a natural resource in the development of pharmacological strategies.
Fluorine Substitution in Diamine Covalent Organic Frameworks: Computational Analysis of CO2/N2 Adsorption and Permeability
Authors: Darmawan Noviyan , Apriliyanto Yusuf Bramastya , Jati Andreas Ary Chrisna , Kusumawardani Cahyorini
Published: January 2025

In this study, we investigated the effect of fluorine substitution on a previously reported diamine based covalent organic framework (COF), designated as IPB-2H. A new fluorinated analogue namely IPB-2F2 was modeled and its adsorption and permeability characteristics for CO2/N2 gas mixtures were evaluated through computational analysis. Ab initio structural optimization results showed that the reduced pore size of IPB-2F2 compared to IPB-2H was attributed to the larger atomic size and higher electronegativity of fluorine compared to hydrogen atom. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated that IPB-2F2 exhibited lower permeation rates for CO2 and N2 than its non fluorinated counterpart; indicating that fluorine atoms effectively reduced gas permeation. Adsorption isotherms revealed enhanced adsorption capacities for IPB-2F2, with increased CO2 affinity resulting from strong van der Waals interactions. Selectivity analyses showed that IPB-2F2 preferentially absorbed CO2 over N2, with selectivity values consistently greater than 1. The enhanced gas uptake capacity and hydrophobicity of IPB-2F2 highlighted its potential for industrial applications as a post-combustion CO2 capture material.
On the Characteristic Function of the Four-Parameter Generalized Beta of the Second Kind (GB2) Distribution and Its Approximation to the Singh-Maddala, Dagum, and Fisk Distributions
Authors: Warsono  , Kurniasari Dian
Published: January 2025

Researchers have thoroughly investigated generalized distributions due to their inherent flexibility, which allows them to include several well-known distributions as special cases. Among these, the four parameter Generalized Beta of the Second Kind (GB2) distribution stands out as one of the most versatile frameworks in probability theory. Despite its broad applications, the GB2 distribution’s characteristic function, a critical tool in probability and statistical analysis, lacks a closed-form solution in the existing literature. This study pursues two primary objectives: first, to derive the characteristic function and the kth moment of the GB2 distribution, and second, to demonstrate how the GB2 distribution can serve as a close approximation to the Singh-Maddala, Dagum, and Fisk distributions using its characteristic function and kth moment. These derivations and approximations rely on gamma and beta functions, supplemented by the Maclaurin series expansion.
Development of a Gelatin-Based Genomic Reference Material for Halal Authentication Using Real-Time PCR
Authors: Rahma Anisa Aula , Meilani Nanda Diva , Sulistiawati  , Ainaputri Aliza Salsabila , Damara Dandy Satria , Malau Jekmal
Published: January 2025

Indonesia, home to over 270 million people, has the largest Muslim population globally, with approximately 87.18% adhering to Islam, driving significant demand for halal products, particularly in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. Gelatin, commonly used in medicinal capsules, often originates from porcine sources, necessitating precise halal authentication methods. This study presents the development of a novel genomic DNA-based Reference Material (RM) for gelatin, specifically for porcine DNA detection, employing Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) techniques. The methodology encompassed in-silico primer design, sample extraction optimization, DNA quality and quantity analysis, linearity assessment, limit of detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ) determination, and RM characterization. Results indicated that the designed primers could reliably and efficiently detect porcine DNA, with optimal annealing at 58°C and primer concentration at 500 nM, achieving a PCR efficiency of 96.74%. The LoD and LoQ for pork meat samples were determined to be 0.02 pg/uL and 0.004 pg/uL, respectively, while the LoD for porcine gelatin was 0.27 ng/uL. The RMs exhibited robust homogeneity (Sig. 0.052), significant intergroup differences (Sig. 0.000), and low variation (CV 0.96%). Short-term storage at -80°C and -20°C preserved Ct value stability and consistency. Conclusively, this study successfully developed a novel gelatin-based genomic DNA RM for halal authentication, offering a scientifically validated tool that strengthens the halal assurance system, addressing Indonesian consumers’ demand for porcine-free products. These findings hold substantial implications for regulatory authorities, especially in Indonesia, and could inform the development of standardized qPCR RMs for porcine DNA detection in halal compliance testing.
Modeling Vector Error Correction with Exogeneous (VECMX) Variable for Analyzing Nonstationary Variable Energy Used and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Authors: Usman Mustofa , Wamiliana  , Russel Edwin , Kurniasari Dian , Widiarti  , Elfaki Faiz A.M
Published: January 2025

Analysis of energy used, GDP and population has been carried out in many countries and has become a topic of interest for many researchers and governments. This is because energy used is an important factor for society and industry in a country. In this study, the modeling of the relationship between energy used, GDP and population as an exogenous variable for the cases of Indonesia from 1967-2023 will be discussed. The energy used and GDP data are nonstationary with order one, I(1), and there is cointegration between energy used and GDP. Therefore, the model which will be used is the Vector Error Correction Model with Exogenous variable (VECMX) with population as the exogenous variable. From the results of analysis, the best model is VECMX(3,1) with cointegration rank R=1. Based on this model, the pattern of the relationship among the three variables, Granger-causality between energy used and GDP, exogenous impact on energy used and GDP, and forecasting for the next 10 years will be discussed.
Uncaria gambir Based Green Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles for Photothermal Induced Thrombolytic and Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Fithri Najma Annuria , Mardiyanto  , Fadilah Ade , Pratiwi Aisyah , Alisyahbana Sutan Satya , Alhafiz Muhammad Faris , Maharani Nabila Puan
Published: January 2025

Application of natural compounds in the field of nanoparticle synthesis have been explored due to their robust application and safety. Additionally, these compounds exhibit activities which can be utilised for their medicinal purposes. One of the most useful compounds is catechin, a polyphenolic compound present in high concentration in Uncaria gambir. Herein, we developed inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) based on green synthesis with gambir extract (GE) to produce iron oxide (GE-IONP), gold (GE-AuNP) and silver nanoparticles (GE-AgNP). These nanoparticles were then subjected to observation towards their photothermal activity for the treatment of thrombosis and antibacterial activity. Based on our evaluation, the NPs we obtained were able to exude photothermal effect, indicated by the significant increase of temperature of the solution of around 5-15 ◦C. Evaluation of thrombolytic potential towards thrombus with an in vitro model showed reduction of thrombus mass of around 40-50%, significantly improves the thrombolytic activity compared to GE alone. Antibacterial activity of laser induced GE-AgNP, GE-AuNP and GE-IONP on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated similar strength in inhibiting bacterial growth with broad spectrum antibiotics. Samples containing the NPs that were irradiated with laser were more efficient in preventing bacterial growth when compared to the NPs samples that were not subjected to laser, proving the synergistic mechanism of NPs and laser towards antibacterial effect. Based on the results we obtained, gambir based inorganic particles showed promising results as thrombolytic and antibacterial agent.
Complexation and Colour Stability of Anthocyanins from the Extracts of Java Plum Fruits (Syzygium cumini) with Selected Metal Cations (Al3+, Fe3+, and Ca2+) at Various pHs
Authors: Wathon Muhammad Hizbul , Susilowati Endang , Ariani Sri Retno Dwi , Sari Latifah
Published: January 2025

Anthocyanins are highly coloured polyphenols, a class of flavonoids, which are natural, non-toxic, and water-soluble compounds. Because of that, anthocyanins have been used in numerous applications, such as natural colorants for foods, beverages, and textiles. However, anthocyanins have some drawbacks regarding their stability towards temperature, pH, and light, leading to degradation. One method to improve anthocyanins’ stability can be achieved through a complexation reaction of anthocyanins with metal cations. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the stability and colour profiles of anthocyanins extracted from Java Plum fruits (Syzygium cumini) complexed with Al3+, Fe3+, and Ca2+ ions in pH 1-12. Previously, anthocyanins from Java Plum fruits have been identified by LC-MS as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside ([M]+, m/z 449.3), delphinidin-3-O-glucoside ([M]+, m/z 465.3), and petunidin O-glucoside ([M]+, m/z 479.3). The ATR FTIR was also performed to confirm the functional group of anthocyanins. The colour of each solution at different pH was evaluated by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at 200-800 nm. Complexation of anthocyanins with Al3+, Fe3+, and Ca2+ ions showed various colours at different pHs. The complexation of anthocyanins with Al3+ at pH 4-5 developed a blue colour. The intensity of the blue colour increases with an increase in Al3+ ion concentration. This investigation showed the potential application of anthocyanin-metal chelation for the textile industry due to the range of colour produced. Furthermore, the complexation of anthocyanins to produce blue colour can be an alternative in food industries as this colour is difficult to obtain in acidic pH.
Desalination of Seawater using Pahae Natural Zeolite-Activated Carbon derived from Kepok Banana Peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.)
Authors: Susilawati  , Nitsae Merpiseldin , Sinuhaji Perdinan , Irma Mutia , Lubis Hariyati , Rinaldi Fajar , Rafly Ihsan As Siddiq Muhammad
Published: January 2025

The escalating demand for freshwater due to increased global population and intensified industrial activities necessitates innovative approaches to water desalination. This study explores the efficacy of a novel composite adsorbent material consisting of Pahae natural zeolite and activated carbon derived from Kepok banana peels for seawater desalination. This research synthesizes and evaluates the composite under varying conditions to ascertain its potential as an effective adsorbent material. Characterization methods included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and salinity removal measurement. The results demonstrated that the 85:15% zeolite to activated carbon ratio exhibited the highest porosity of 61.04% and a significant water absorption capacity of 86.65%. This composition also achieved the most substantial salinity reduction, lowering the initial salinity from 27.70‰ to 18.53‰ with a removal efficiency of 33.10%. SEM analyses revealed a more porous surface morphology at 85:15% which corroborated with the higher salinity removal efficiency. BET results indicated that the optimal pore size and distribution occurred in the 85:15% composition which directly correlated with enhanced adsorption capacities. This study reports the potential of using sustainable materials such as zeolite and agricultural waste-derived activated carbon for cost effective and environmentally friendly desalination processes. The findings suggest that such composites can be tailored to improve performance and provide a viable solution to the global freshwater scarcity challenge.
Maternal risk factors and vitamin A deficiency among pregnant mothers in Mbeya region, Tanzania: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Masumo Ray Mrisho , Codjia Patrick , Azizi Kaunara , Lukindo Tedson , Paulo Heavenlight A , Hancy Adam , Mchau Geofrey , Msaki Rose , Spilloh Samira J , Nkuba Esther M , Shine Julieth , Killel Erick , Chiduo Geoffrey , Sanga Abraham , Mwiru Ramadhani S , Leyna Germana H
Published: January 2025

BackgroundVitamin A deficiency (VAD) among pregnant women is a public health concern and is widespread in developing countries.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to assess the prevalence of VAD and associated factors among pregnant women in the Mbeya region of Tanzania.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 pregnant women in seven district councils in the Mbeya region of Tanzania. Serum retinol concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Assessment of anthropometric, food consumption and other socio-economic characteristics were performed and clinical information obtained on participants. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent predictors of VAD.Results46.1% suffered from any form of VAD and 9.8% from severe VAD. Those pregnant women who belonged to the lowest socioeconomic status, who were anaemic, and who consumed low dietary diversity scores were more likely to have any VAD (ARR = 2.84; 95% CI: 1.58, 5.12), (ARR = 1.73; CI: 1.03, 2.92) and (ARR=1.59; 95%CI: 1.01, 2.51), respectively. Any VAD was more likely among those who resided in Kyela district (largely rural) compared with Mbeya city (ARR = 0.32; 95%CI: 0.11, 0.92). Their marital status, occupation, and education levels were not statistically associated with VAD. Younger women were more likely to have severe VAD (ARR=0.29; 95%CI: 0.10, 0.84).ConclusionsVAD among pregnant women in the Mbeya region of Tanzania is a mild public health concern according to the WHO’s categorization. Additionally, VAD was significantly associated with low socio-economic status, anaemia, and low maternal dietary diversity scores.