bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discutindo os protagonismos indígenas na aula de história
Authors: Silva Edson Hely
Published: December 2019

Apresentamos reflexões sobre uma experiência onde buscamos ressaltar os protagonismo indígenas nas aulas de história, evidenciando o povo indígena Xukuru do Ororubá habitante nos municípios de Pesqueira e Poção/PE. Partindo dos diálogos com a participação de representantes do povo indígena em sala de aula, discutindo situações para superação de pré-conceitos expressos pelos discentes em relação aos povos indígenas, desde os estereótipos físicos até questionamentos sobre os acessos dos indígenas as tecnologias. Favorecendo o ensino para além do livro didático, com uma nova abordagem sobre a temática indígena e sobre os citados indígenas, enfatizando suas mobilizações para a conquista e garantias de direitos, especificamente às terras onde habitam, para afirmação da identidade nas relações de convivência com os não índios.
La profesionalización en la empresa familiar y su influencia en el proceso de sucesión: análisis preliminar
Authors: Ortiz Vargas Arnoldo Edoardo , Liquidano Rodríguez Ma. Carmen , Silva Olvera María de los Ángeles
Published: December 2019

En este estudio de investigación se presentan los resultados preliminares de la influencia de la profesionalización en el proceso de sucesión de las Empresas Familiares (EF) en Aguascalientes. La metodología de investigación de este estudio fue cuantitativo, no experimental y bivariado. Y Se desarrolló un cuestionario semiestructurado aplicado satisfactoriamente a 18 empresas familiares. Los resultados de este estudio fueron obtenidos mediante un análisis de correlación con la prueba de Rho de Spearman con un resultado de 0.630, lo que demuestra que existe una fuerte influencia entre las variables.
Análisis de Redes Sociales y el Impuesto al Hospedaje: Estudio del arte
Authors: Carrillo Cisneros Esthela
Published: December 2019

Partiendo de la metodología a través del Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS) en esta investigación se identifica una red de stakeholders y actores que colaboran en el proceso del Impuesto al Hospedaje desde la recaudación y gestión hasta su aplicación a través de la promoción turística. Para esto, se parte primeramente del análisis a un marco normativo aplicable en la política pública del citado gravamen en la entidad federativa de Sonora, México. Los resultados refieren la creación de una matriz de relaciones con fundamental importancia en esferas colaborativas entre el Sector gobierno, la Oficina de convenciones y visitantes, iniciativa privada y Cámaras de Comercio, Servicios y Turismo, Cámaras de Industria y Confederaciones (no lucrativas); identificándose además actores de mayor dominio a efectos del logro de objetivos; a la vez, se perciben áreas de oportunidad para que la política fiscal optimice; ya que de manera aislada y sin esfuerzos conjuntos, difícilmente se lograrían acciones de impacto en el turismo como incidente de desarrollo local a través de la promoción turística.
La innovación en la gestión del conocimiento para la internacionalización
Authors: Martínez Rojas Mario Alberto , Martínez Rodríguez Azucena del Carmen , Ramos Ávila Adriana Eugenia
Published: December 2019

Es importante el fortalecimiento de los procesos educativos con una gestión del conocimiento y una pertinente innovación educativa que permita la internacionalización del mismo proceso, a partir de una adecuada line a de evaluación que permita la internacionalización, el presente trabajo tiene la finalidad de resaltar la importancia de la gestión del conocimiento con una adecuada Innovación educativa que garantice la internacionalización.
GSTs (T1 and M1) population data in patients with glaucoma: genetic screening and ethical aspects
Authors: Ferreri F.M.B  , Sapienza D
Published: December 2019

Background and Aim: Molecular epidemiology is an interdisciplinary field concerning the analysis of biological indicators and the investigation of individual DNA polymorphisms. The glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are one of the most studied metabolic gene families. They are involved in the genesis of oxidative stress and many authors hypothesize that some null polymorphic variants determine increasing toxic effects in tissues. Oxidative stress and antioxidant systems are very important in the onset and progress of glaucoma, one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. We investigate the association of null variant of GST (M1 and T1) with the risk of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and we considered the ethical and legal implications of genetic procedures as a screening tool.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a case-control study including 103 unrelated carriers of glaucoma in a southern Italian population (living in Eastern Sicily) and 150 unrelated healthy individuals as controls, whose buccal swabs samples were genotyped for GST polymorphisms using a standardized multiplex PCR based method.

Results: In patients with glaucoma (primary open angle glaucoma, POAG) null genotype of the investigated genetic polymorphisms is very common compared to the healthy individuals. The obtained data suggest an influence of the (dual) null genotype on the normal metabolic pathway in the genesis of congenital glaucoma giving to these polymorphisms the role of so-called “indicators of susceptibility”.

Conclusions: We conclude that the increased frequency of null GSTs (M1, T1) in patients with glaucoma could be considered a risk factor for incidence of the disease. Screenings can be carried out only in compliance with legislative rules.

Keywords: Glaucoma; Glutathione S-transferase; GSTM1; GSTT1
СТАН ТА ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ РЕГІОНІВ ДЕРЖАВИ
Authors: Kovalska L., Okseniuk K.
Published: December 2019

У статті проведено дослідження стану та тенденцій інноваційного розвитку регіонів держави. Проаналізовано передумови та результати інноваційного розвитку регіону. Здійснено оцінку тенденцій розвитку передумов за такими напрямами: кількість працівників, задіяних у виконанні наукових досліджень, чисельність організацій, які здійснювали наукові розробки і дослідження, обсяг фінансування внутрішніх витрат на виконання наукових досліджень, кількість аспірантів та докторантів. Проведено оцінку результатів інноваційного розвитку за системою показників: кількість підприємств, що займаються інноваційною діяльністю, кількість впроваджених нових технологічних процесів на промислових підприємствах, обсяг реалізованої інноваційної продукції, кількість впроваджених інновацій. Виявлено позитивні та негативні темпи росту передумов та результатів інноваційного розвитку регіонів держави.
ТУРИСТИЧНА ІНФРАСТРУКТУРА ВОЛИНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ: ОСНОВНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Tyshchuk I., Polishchuk L., Kolisnyk B.
Published: December 2019

У статті проаналізовано сучасний стан та основні тенденції розвитку туристичної інфраструктури Волинської області, яка слугує основою для подальшого розвитку туризму в даному регіоні.
АНАЛІЗ ЛІКВІДНОСТІ ТА ФІНАНСОВОЇ СТІЙКОСТІ ЛІСОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ВОЛИНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ
Authors: Holyachuk N., Holyachuk S.
Published: December 2019

Наведено методику аналізу коефіцієнтів ліквідності та фінансової стійкості підприємства на основі форми 1 «Баланс», подано їх коротку характеристику та нормативні значення. Розраховано показники ліквідності та фінансової стійкості лісогосподарських підприємств Волинської області.
ЯКІСНЕ СПОЖИВАННЯ ТА РАЦІОНАЛЬНЕ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ВОДНИХ РЕСУРСІВ
Authors: Rud N., Gura O.
Published: December 2019

У статті відзначено стратегічне значення питання водопостачання для України. Систематизовано сучасні проблеми водопостачання. Вказана соціальна значущість водопровідної води питної якості. Показано необхідність нової логіки побудови відносин між постачальником та споживачами. Розроблена система заходів, що сприятимуть покращанню соціально-економічних умов водопостачання.
CТРАТЕГІЧНІ ІМПЕРАТИВИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ МЕРЕЖЕВИХ СТРУКТУР: ТЕОРЕТИЧНА ПЛОЩИНА ТА ПРАКТИЧНИЙ ВИМІР СУЧАСНОГО БІЗНЕС-СЕРЕДОВИЩА
Authors: Gevko V.
Published: December 2019

Проведено комплексне дослідження cтратегічних імперативів управління підприємств мережевих структур в контексті теоретичних аспектів та адаптації практичної компоненти. Доведено, що у механізмі управління підприємств мережевих структур, ключовими є функції координації, організації та планування, функція мотивації на інституціональному рівні, що вирішує одну з найскладніших проблем – підвищення рівня продуктивності праці. Обґрунтовано, що метою функціонування мережевих структур вважають впровадження позитивних екстерналій і забезпечення умов їх відтворення в розширеному масштабі. Слід зазначити, що існує три глобальних напрямки маркетингової стратегії підприємств мережевих структур: сегментація, диверсифікація та інтернаціоналізація.
СПЕЦИФІКА МЕХАНІЗМУ ЗАДОВОЛЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ПОТРЕБ ПРОМИСЛОВИМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ НА РИНКУ В2В
Authors: Deineha O.
Published: December 2019

У статті ідентифікована суть інформаційних потреб індивідів та підприємств. Сформовано ієрархію інформаційних потреб підприємств, що базується на врахуванні рівня їх розвитку. Досліджено відмінності у структурі каналів отримання маркетингової інформації промисловими підприємствами на ринку В2В залежно від масштабів їх діяльності. Розглянуто ключові  тенденції розвитку інформаційних послуг на світовому ринку B2B. Проаналізовано рівень задоволення інформаційних потреб промисловими підприємствами за рахунок застосування традиційних та електронних носіїв інформації. Розроблено рекомендації щодо засобів задоволення інформаційних потреб промисловими підприємствами різних масштабів діяльності.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ АНТИКРИЗОВОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ НА ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ МАШИНОБУДІВНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ
Authors: Mazharenko K., Brazhnikova T.
Published: December 2019

У статті розглядаються проблеми, які впливають на ефективність організаційно-економічного механізму антикризового управління підприємствами машинобудівного комплексу. Проводиться оцінка основних показників діяльності вітчизняного машинобудування. Авторами сформовано концепцію моделі організаційно-економічного механізму антикризового управління для підприємств даної галузі.
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТНИХ ПЕРЕВАГ НА ОСНОВІ АНАЛІЗУ ЗБАЛАНСОВАНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ПОКАЗНИКІВ
Authors: Sakun L., Lуsich V.
Published: December 2019

У статті розкрито необхідність аналізу збалансованої системи показників, наведено основні етапи проведення аналізу збалансованої системи показників, побудовано модель стратегічної карти для ПрАТ «Кредмаш» та запропоновано заходи оптимізації діяльності ПрАТ «Кредмаш» у розрізі основних складових ЗСП.
ВПЛИВ ТОКСИЧНИХ АКТИВІВ ТА КРЕДИТІВ НА СТАН ФІНАНСОВОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ КРАЇНИ
Authors: Karlin M.
Published: December 2019

В статті проаналізовано негативний вплив токсичних активів та кредитів на стан фінансової безпеки країн, що розвиваються, та України зокрема; обґрунтовані шляхи протидії цьому явищу.
ТРЕНДОВА МОДЕЛЬ ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ РОЗМІРУ ВВП ВІД НАДХОДЖЕНЬ ДО БЮДЖЕТУ
Authors: Skrypnyk H., Tsiupa S.
Published: December 2019

Розвиток ринкових відносин зумовив загострення уваги на проблемних питаннях регулювання державних фінансів загалом і побудови зваженої та ефективної бюджетної політики зокрема. В умовах динамічних змін у економічному середовищі бюджет являє собою не лише централізований фонд фінансових ресурсів держави, а й є важливим інструментом впливу як на макроекономічний стан і стабільний економічний розвиток кожної країни загалом, так і на стійке економічне зростання окремих її суб’єктів господарювання. В статті розглянуто показники надходжень до бюджету та їх залежність від розміру ВВП.

В роботі запропонована трендова модель показує чи присутня залежність ВВП від надходжень бюджету і подальший прогноз цієї залежності відповідно.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ПЕРШОЧЕРГОВИХ НАПРЯМІВ СТРАТЕГІЇ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНИМ МЕХАНІЗМОМ СФЕРИ КУЛЬТУРИ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Кучин С. П.
Published: December 2019

У статті виявлено першочергові напрями стратегії державного регулювання економічним механізмом сфери культури в Україні. Метою дослідження є виявлення сучасних тенденцій у стратегії державного регулювання економічного механізму сфери культури в Україні. У ході дослідження використовувалися класичні методи наукового знання (аналіз, синтез, групування, прогнозування, вивчення наукових і статистичних джерел). Проблема вибору пріоритетів стратегії державного регулювання економічним механізмом сфери культури є надзвичайно актуальною з урахуванням структурних змін в економіці України та проявів кризових явищ.  Запропоновано вдосконалити державне регулювання економічним механізмом сфери культури в Україні на основі впровадження елементів, спрямованих на його реформування, які складаються з групи адміністративних, організаційних та економічних методів. Отримані результати та висновки є основою для поглибленого наукового дослідження проблем розвитку національної та світової соціально-культурної сфери. Результати та висновки можуть бути використані при розробці програм розвитку національної економіки, у формуванні стратегії модернізації сучасних економічних систем. Практична цінність роботи полягає в тому, що положення і практичні рекомендації дають можливість вирішити порушену науково-практичну проблему, а результати досліджень, що мають прикладний характер, можуть мати практичне застосування в діяльності органів державної влади та місцевого самоврядування.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙНІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ
Authors: Ситник О.І., Сільвестрова О.Ю.
Published: December 2019

Досліджено еволюцію і наступність підходів до розуміння соціальної політики. Визначена сутність державної соціальної політики. Здійснено ґрунтовний аналіз основних підходів та проведено їх класифікацію. Визначені об’єкти та суб’єкти соціальної політики. Обґрунтовані основні завдання державної соціальної політики.
РЕФОРМУВАННЯ РИНКУ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГІЇ В УКРАЇНІ: СТАН, РИЗИКИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Moskovchuk A.  , Lishchuk V., Lishchuk M.
Published: December 2019

У статті розглянуто проблему реформування електроенергетичного ринку України та перспективи його інтегрування у європейський енергетичний простір. Здійснено аналіз етапів реформування ринків електроенергії країн Європейського Союзу з точки зору завдань і проблем, що виникали. Охарактеризовано стан реформування ринку в Україні та основні ризики. Окреслено основні заходи, що сприятимуть підвищенню ефективності реформ.
Activated Sludge Technology to Treat Wastewater from Offices and Residential Areas PT Kaltim Prima Coal
Authors: Pranoto Kris , Pahilda Widia Rahmawati , Abfertiawan Muhammad Sonny , Elistyandari Apridawati , Sutikno Andi
Published: December 2019

In Indonesia, coal mining operations generally involve a huge number of workers. This condition causes its own challenges in managing environmental impacts that potentially generated from human activities. One of them is domestic wastewater. Domestic waste water is waste water that comes from activities of daily living of humans related to water usage. In mining operations, domestic wastewater is generated from office and residential areas. Because of the potential impact on the environment, domestic wastewater must be treated before flowing to natural water bodies. Since the beginning of mining operations in 1990s, PT Kaltim Prima Coal has been building and operating Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant (IPALD) to treat domestic wastewater resulting from offices and residential areas. There are 12 IPALDs with activated sludge technology operating in the PT KPC area. Active sludge is one of the domestic wastewater treatment technologies by utilizing the role of aerobic bacteria to degrade organic material contained in domestic wastewater. This paper is presented to describe the performance of activated sludge technology usedin the KPC’s IPALD and the challenges faced in its operation. One of the challenges faced is the fulfillment of water quality standards in Minister of Environment and Forestry Decree No. P. 68 of 2016 concerning Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards. The latest quality standards regulate the effluent concentration of IPALD more stringent than before and there are new parameters, including ammonia which requires attention in the operation of IPALD.
The occurrence of heat waves in Europe and their circulation conditions
Authors: Tomczyk Arkadiusz M. , Bednorz Ewa , Półrolniczak Marek
Published: December 2019

The objective of the paper was to characterize the occurrence of heat waves in Europe between 1976 and 2015 and to determine circulation conditions causing their occurrence. The heat waves were recognized as a sequence of at least 5 consecutive hot days. The hot day was defined as a day on which daily maximum air temperature was higher than 95th percentile of all the values in the analyzed period. The conducted research showed an increase in the number of heat waves and their duration in the analyzed period. The longest heat wave occurred in 2010, in Moscow, which lasted 45 days. The most intense changes were observed in the eastern and south-eastern regions. The occurrence of heat waves was mainly connected with positive anomalies of atmospheric pressure at sea level, geopotential height of 500 hPa, and temperature on isobaric surface 850 hPa.
LINEAR DYNAMIC MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND IDENTIFICATION OF MICRO TURBOJET ENGINE FOR TURBOFAN POWER RATIO CONTROL
Authors: Derbel Khaoula , Beneda Károly
Published: December 2019

Micro turbojets can be used for propulsion of civilian and military aircraft, consequently their investigation and control is essential. Although these power plants exhibit nonlinear behaviour, their control can be based on linearized mathematical models in a narrow neighbourhood of a selected operating point and can be extended by using robust control laws like H∞ or Linear Quadratic Integrating (LQI). The primary aim of the present paper is to develop a novel parametric linear mathematical model based on state space representation for micro turbojet engines and the thrust parameter being Turbofan Power Ratio (TPR). This parameter is used by recent Rolls-Royce commercial turbofan engines but can be applied for single stream turbojet power plants as well, as it has been proven by the authors previously. An additional goal is to perform the identification for a particular type based on measurements of a real engine. This model has been found suitable for automatic control of the selected engine with respect of TPR, this has been validated by simulations conducted in MATLAB® Simulink® environment using acquired data from transient operational modes.
A Novel Energy-conserving Scheme for Eight-dimensional Hamiltonian Problems
Authors: Hu Shiyang , Wu Xin , Huang Guoqing , Liang Enwei
Published: December 2019

We design a novel, exact energy-conserving implicit nonsymplectic integration method for an eight-dimensional Hamiltonian system with four degrees of freedom. In our algorithm, each partial derivative of the Hamiltonian with respect to one of the phase-space variables is discretized by the average of eight Hamiltonian difference terms. Such a discretization form is a second-order approximation to the Hamiltonian gradient. It is shown numerically via simulations of a Fermi–Pasta–Ulam-β system and a post-Newtonian conservative system of compact binaries with one body spinning that the newly proposed method has extremely good energy-conserving performance, compared to the Runge–Kutta; an implicit midpoint symplectic method, and extended phase-space explicit symplectic-like integrators. The new method is advantageous over very long times and for large time steps compared to the state-of-the-art Runge–Kutta method in the accuracy of numerical solutions. Although such an energy-conserving integrator exhibits a higher computational cost than any one of the other three algorithms, the superior results justify its use for satisfying some specific purposes on the preservation of energies in numerical simulations with much longer times, e.g., obtaining a high enough accuracy of the semimajor axis in a Keplerian problem in the solar system or accurately grasping the frequency of a gravitational wave from a circular orbit in a post-Newtonian system of compact binaries. The new integrator will be potentially applied to model time-varying external electromagnetic fields or time-dependent spacetimes.
Scattering of Energetic Electrons by Heat-flux-driven Whistlers in Flares
Authors: Roberg-Clark G. T. , Agapitov O. , Drake J. F. , Swisdak M.
Published: December 2019

The scattering of electrons by heat-flux-driven whistler waves is explored with a particle-in-cell simulation relevant to the transport of energetic electrons in flares. This simulation is initiated with a large heat flux produced by using a kappa distribution of electrons with positive velocity and a cold return current beam. This system represents energetic electrons escaping from a reconnection-driven energy-release site. This heat-flux system drives large-amplitude oblique whistler waves propagating both along and against the heat flux, as well as electron acoustic waves. While the waves are dominantly driven by the low-energy electrons, including the cold return current beam, the energetic electrons resonate with and are scattered by the whistlers on timescales of the order of a hundred electron cyclotron times. Peak whistler amplitudes of

and angles of ∼60° with respect to the background magnetic field are observed. Electron perpendicular energy is increased, while the field-aligned electron heat flux is suppressed. The resulting scattering mean-free-paths of energetic electrons are small compared with the typical scale size of energy-release sites in flares, which might lead to the effective confinement of energetic electrons required for the production of very energetic particles.
The Density Gradient Inside Molecular-gas Clumps as a Booster of Their Star Formation Activity
Authors: Parmentier G.
Published: December 2019

Star-forming regions presenting a density gradient experience a higher star formation rate than if they were of uniform density. We refer to the ratio between the star formation rate of a spherical centrally concentrated gas clump and the star formation rate that this clump would experience if it were of uniform density as the magnification factor ζ. We map ζ as a function of clump mass, radius, initial volume-density profile, and star formation timespan. For clumps with a steep density profile (i.e., a power-law slope ranging from −3 to −4, as observed in some high-density regions of Galactic molecular clouds), we find their star formation rate to be at least an order of magnitude higher than their top-hat equivalent. This implies that such clumps experience faster and more efficient star formation than expected based on their mean freefall time. This also implies that measurements of the star formation efficiency per freefall time of clumps based on their global properties, namely, mass, mean volume density, and star formation rate, present wide fluctuations. These reflect the diversity in the density profile of star-forming clumps, not necessarily variations in the physics of star formation. Steep density profiles inside star-cluster progenitors may be instrumental in the formation of multiple stellar populations, such as those routinely observed in old globular clusters.
Electron Temperatures in the Dayside Ionosphere of Mars Derived from
Chemistry
Authors: Vigren E. , Cui J.
Published: December 2019

From a reduced chemical model of the Martian dayside ionosphere we derive an expression that can be used to estimate the electron temperature as a function of the ambient number densities of CO2, O,

,

, O+, and NO+ and the total ion number density. The model is tested in the sunlit ionosphere with Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN/Neutral Gas Ion Mass Spectrometer (MAVEN/NGIMS) data from the Deep Dip campaigns DD2 (2015 April) and DD8 (2017 October). Around an altitude of ∼130–140 km the calculated electron temperatures along the DD2 orbits are in many cases compatible with the neutral temperatures derived from the CO2 density profiles and downward integration of the hydrostatic balance equation, indicating efficient cooling of the electron population. For altitudes below 170 km the electron temperature (constructed from median density profiles) are higher for DD8 than for DD2 which we link to atmospheric solar cycle modulation. Median electron temperatures derived for DD2 and DD8 are roughly similar when inspecting similar CO2 number densities and a simple power law is proposed to relate the electron temperature to the CO2 number density. Calculated electron temperatures of approximately 1000 K around an altitude of 180–200 km appear not to conflict with published data from MAVEN Langmuir Probe Wave (LPW) measurements. At greater depths the LPW-derived electron temperatures have been reported as biased high and so a detailed comparison with results from the present work is merely proposed as a dedicated follow-up study.
Star-density Profiles of Six Old Star Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Lanzoni Barbara , Ferraro Francesco R. , Dalessandro Emanuele , Cadelano Mario , Pallanca Cristina , Raso Silvia , Mucciarelli Alessio , Beccari Giacomo , Focardi Paola
Published: December 2019

We used resolved star counts from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images to determine the center of gravity and the projected density profiles of six old globular clusters (GCs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), namely NGC 1466, NGC 1841, NGC 1898, NGC 2210, NGC 2257, and Hodge 11. For each system, the LMC field contribution was properly taken into account by making use, when needed, of parallel HST observations. The derived values of the center of gravity may differ by several arcseconds (corresponding to more dal 1 pc at the distance of the LMC) from previous determinations. The cluster density profiles are all well fit by King models, with structural parameters that may differ from the literature ones by even factors of two. Similar to what was observed for Galactic GCs, the ratio between the effective and the core radius has been found to anticorrelate with the cluster dynamical age.
Information in the Reflected-light Spectra of Widely Separated Giant Exoplanets
Authors: Hu Renyu
Published: December 2019

Giant exoplanets located >1 au away from their parent stars have atmospheric environments cold enough for water or ammonia clouds. We have developed a new equilibrium cloud and reflected-light spectrum model, ExoREL, for widely separated giant exoplanets. The model includes the dissolution of ammonia in liquid-water cloud droplets, an effect studied for the first time for exoplanets. While preserving the causal relationship between temperature and cloud condensation, ExoREL is simple and fast to enable efficient exploration of parameter space. Using the model, we find that the mixing ratio of methane and the cloud top pressure of a giant exoplanet can be uniquely determined from a single observation of its reflected-light spectrum at wavelengths less than 1 μm if it has a cloud deck deeper than ∼0.3 bar. This measurement is enabled by the weak and strong bands of methane and requires a signal-to-noise ratio of 20. The cloud pressure, once derived, provides information about the internal heat flux of the planet. Importantly, we find that for a low, Uranus-like internal heat flux, the planet can have a deep liquid-water cloud, which will sequester ammonia and prevent the formation of the ammonia cloud that would otherwise be the uppermost cloud layer. This newly identified phenomenon causes a strong sensitivity of the cloud top pressure to the internal heat flux. Reflected-light spectroscopy from future direct-imaging missions should therefore not only measure the atmospheric abundances but also characterize the thermal evolution of giant exoplanets.
Estudos sobre unidades de conservação: um levantamento em periódicos brasileiros
Authors: Rocha Marcelo , Guedes Passeri Mylena , Gomes Stefano , Rocha Rafael
Published: December 2019

Unidades de Conservação são importantes espaços naturais protegidos que auxiliam na preservação dos ambientes e se destacam como locais não formais propícios para estratégias de Educação Ambiental. Neste estudo, investigou-se artigos publicados em revistas brasileiras classificadas como A1 ou A2 pela CAPES, na área de ensino, visando contribuir para o entendimento do estado da arte sobre o tema. A amostra estudada foi de dezesseis artigos. Observou-se com destaque a vínculos institucionais na esfera pública. A região Sudeste predomina em quantidade de publicações e a baixa expressividade das demais regiões é preocupante. O perfil de preferência investigativa foi o de estudantes e moradores do entorno. Destaca-se certa carência de parcerias institucionais e da esfera privada nos estudos investigados. Considerando a importância de se preservar o meio ambiente, espera-se que mais estudos e ações possam contribuir para o entendimento e resolução das lacunas apontadas neste trabalho.
Mulheres motoristas de ônibus: o que se sabe sobre elas?
Authors: Carvalho Ana Maria , Casagrande Lindamir Salete
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo apresentará algumas considerações resultantes da dissertação que buscou analisar a dinâmica que perpassa a atuação profissional das mulheres motoristas de ônibus no transporte coletivo de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana (CRM). Considerando a disparidade existente entre a quantidade de motoristas de ônibus do sexo masculino em comparação com a quantidade de motoristas de ônibus do sexo feminino, procurou-se analisar a percepção das motoristas de ônibus frente às condições de acesso e permanência, os tabus, as conquistas e os desafios do exercício profissional. Constatou-se que tanto a inserção quanto a permanência na profissão, são marcadas por contradições. E apesar das desigualdades declaradas nas relações de poder dos motoristas do sexo masculino perante as mulheres motoristas, estas enfatizam igualdade de capacidade na condução dos veículos; diferenciais de conduta perante os/as usuários/as do serviço e bom desempenho no exercício profissional.
Diretrizes para a política de inovação da Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Authors: Guedes Isabela Lima Braz , Sartori Rejane
Published: December 2019

A Lei Federal de Inovação estabeleceu medidas de incentivo à inovação e à pesquisa científica e tecnológica no ambiente produtivo. Com o objetivo de transformar o conhecimento gerado nas Instituições Científicas e Tecnológicas em inovação é necessário que essas instituições criem instrumentos reguladores que apoiem o desenvolvimento econômico. A Universidade Estadual de Londrina, objeto de estudo desta pesquisa, não possui uma política de inovação regulamentada, contando apenas com algumas regulamentações sobre propriedade intelectual e transferência de tecnologia, anteriores à Lei de Inovação. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo desta pesquisa é propor diretrizes para a construção de uma política de inovação para a Universidade Estadual de Londrina, em consonância com o que determina a Lei de Inovação. Para tanto, o percurso metodológico compreende a pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, tendo a pesquisa documental e o estudo de caso como técnica para coleta de dados. Como resultados desta pesquisa são apresentadas diretrizes para auxiliar a elaboração de uma política de inovação para a Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Essas diretrizes podem também ser utilizadas por qualquer outra universidade, contudo, adaptações destas à realidade da instituição serão necessárias.
Le commerce et le trafic d’espèces sauvages entre la France et le Mexique. Une étude des « asymétries criminogènes »
Authors: Arroyo-Quiroz Inés , Wyatt Tanya
Published: December 2019

Le trafic relatif à la faune et à la flore sauvages représente une menace pour de nombreuses espèces à l’échelle mondiale, et non seulement pour les plus emblématiques d’entre elles en Afrique et en Asie. En outre, la consommation d’espèces sauvages, de manière non durable et/ou illégale, n’est pas exceptionnelle et relève même de l’ordinaire. Cet article présente les résultats d’une enquête sur le commerce légal et illégal d’espèces sauvages indigènes et non indigènes, et de produits qui en sont issus, entre la France et le Mexique. En s’appuyant sur une analyse documentaire, des données chiffrées sur le commerce et des entretiens menés auprès d’experts, cette étude explore la nature et l’ampleur du commerce et du trafic d’espèces sauvages entre ces deux pays, en soulignant l’importance d’asymétries (économiques, juridiques, politiques, culturelles) aux conséquences criminogènes. Le sujet est d’importance car la consommation non durable et illégale d’espèces sauvages contribue non seulement à l’extinction des espèces, mais aussi à la maltraitance envers les animaux.
New Demands, New Year: Filtering Out the Junk and Getting Down to Business
Authors: Smoyak Shirley A.
Published: December 2019

EXCERPT
Modern technology is wonderful when it improves our quality of life and our efficiency. But it is a mixed blessing when it contributes to our sense of overload—being overwhelmed by increasing demands for our attention and efforts. Already this year, you probably have experienced overload in your practice and in your life. In this editorial, I offer some ideas about how filters can help.
A Recovery-Oriented Approach to Psychiatric Medication: Guidelines for Nurses
Authors: Roe David , Swarbrick Margaret
Published: December 2019

Despite the well-documented effectiveness of psychiatric medication, studies reveal that it is used by only approximately half of those for whom it is prescribed. Whereas large-scale studies have focused primarily on the consequences of not taking medication as prescribed, a number of recent qualitative studies have tried to understand the phenomenon from the perspective of consumers. Findings have revealed that nonadherence may not always reflect psychopathology or a lack of insight, but rather a personal choice directed toward engaging in activities that provide meaning and purpose.

In this article, we review the literature on medication use, emphasizing the importance of the practitioner-consumer relationship. We also present a recovery-oriented perspective to understand consumers’ choices regarding medication use and discuss practical guidelines for psychiatric nurses.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Dr. Roe is Chair and Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Community Mental Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel, and Dr. Swarbrick is Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Behavioral Health Care, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, School of Health Related Professions, Newark, New Jersey.

The authors disclose that they have no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity, including research support.

Address correspondence to Margaret Swarbrick, PhD, OTR, CPRP, 11 Spring Street, Freehold, NJ 07728; e-mail: pswarbrick@cspnj.org.
Unusual and Serious Adverse Effects of SSRIs: Recognition and Management
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: December 2019

EXCERPT
The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant agents fluvoxamine (Luvox®), fluoxetine (Prozac®), paroxetine (Paxil®), sertraline (Zoloft®), citalopram (Celexa®), and escitalopram (Lexapro®) are commonly used, generally well tolerated, and considered safe, especially compared with the older-generation tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (Howland & Thase, 2002). Because of their potent effects on serotonin reuptake, SSRIs are associated with various noxious (Masand & Gupta, 1999) and sometimes serious adverse effects (Ener, Meglathery, Van Decker, & Gallagher, 2003). In last month’s Psychopharmacology article, I focused on some of the most common and clinically important side effects of SSRIs. In this article, I will review more unusual and serious adverse effects associated with SSRIs. ABOUT THE AUTHORDr. Howland is Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The author discloses that he has no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity, including research support. Address correspondence to Robert H. Howland, MD, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; e-mail: HowlandRH@upmc.edu. 
Building a Better Mental Health Workforce: 8 Core Elements
Authors: Huckshorn Kevin Ann
Published: December 2019

Please click here to read a letter to the editor about this article.

 

The field of behavioral health is facing a national crisis surrounding its workforce. Critical issues include problems in recruitment and retention and a serious lack of relevant preparation for work in mental health settings. This article identifies the challenges inherent in providing effective education and training to mental health staff who hold a bachelor’s degree or less formal education. Key theories, concepts, and general principles of critical importance to all staff expected to work in a redesigned or transformed mental health system are described. Best and promising practices are contrasted with current practices, and specific recommendations including core concepts and competencies are listed, leading to the development of a training curricula targeted to meet these needs.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Ms. Huckshorn is Director, National Technical Assistance Center, National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors, Alexandria, Virginia. She is also internationally certified as an alcohol/drug counselor (ICADC).

The views expressed in this article are those of the author only and do not necessarily represent the views of the author’s employer.

The author discloses that she has no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity, including research support.

Address correspondence to Kevin Ann Huckshorn, RN, MSN, ICADC, Director, National Technical Assistance Center, National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors, 66 Canal Center Plaza, Suite 302, Alexandria, VA 22314; e-mail: kevinurse@aol.com.
Beyond the Prescription Pad: Psychosocial Treatments for Individuals with Schizophrenia
Authors: Beebe Lora H.
Published: December 2019

Individuals with schizophrenia face multiple barriers to the achievement of optimal health, including apathy and poor concentration, sedative effects of medication, and poverty and lack of access to health education and treatment programs. In addition, the symptoms of the disease negatively affect their social functioning, which may result in isolation and lack of social support. In addition to providing psychiatric care and monitoring, both generalist nurses and advanced practice psychiatric nurses may assess physical and psychological risk factors, monitor medication responses, and provide health promotion to these individuals. Health promotion for individuals with schizophrenia includes psychosocial treatments to prevent relapse (e.g., education on the importance of treatment adherence) and to promote recovery (e.g., involving family members in treatment when possible). This article describes the key elements of recommended psychosocial treatments, briefly reviews the evidence for these treatments, and discusses clinical implications for all psychiatric nurses.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dr. Beebe is Associate Professor, University of Tennessee, College of Nursing, Knoxville, Tennessee.

The author discloses that she has no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity, including research support.

Address correspondence to Lora Humphrey Beebe, PhD, APRN, BC, 1200 Volunteer Boulevard, Knoxville, TN 37996; e-mail: lbeebe1@utk.edu.
Treatment of Previous Decentered Excimer Laser Ablation With Combined Myopic and Hyperopic Ablations
Authors: Lafond Gilles , Bonnet Sylviane , Solomon Leon
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Decentration of the ablation zone is an occasional complication of excimer laser refractive surgery. We describe a technique to recenter the ablation zone without changing the refractive status obtained by the first surgery.

METHODS: Sixteen eyes of 14 patients had moderate or marked ablation decentration after previous excimer laser surgery for myopia, but with only minor residual refractive error. Five eyes had spectacle-corrected visual acuity loss and all these patients reported various symptoms such as halos, ghost images, or night driving difficulties. To recenter the ablation zone without changing the refraction, a combination myopic and hyperopic treatment was used. The hyperopic treatment was decentered toward the initial decentered myopic ablation. A myopia ablation of near equal dioptric value was then added, but decentered in the opposite direction. The Bausch & Lomb Technolas Keracor 217 laser was used.

RESULTS: After the first retreatment, the centration of the ablation zone was improved in 15 of the 16 eyes. All eyes with initial spectacle-corrected visual acuity loss recovered lines of visual acuity. Subjective decrease of symptoms was described as follows: nil in one eye, mild in one eye, moderate in four eyes, and marked in ten eyes. A second retreatment was needed in five eyes: in two to improve centration and in three to correct residual ametropia. The only complication (one eye) was induced decentration 180° away from the initial decentration with a 1-line spectacle-corrected visual acuity loss, and additional retreatment was required.

CONCLUSION: A combination of decentered myopic and hyperopic ablation of an equivalent dioptric magnitude, each decentered 180° apart, was a useful method to correct previous excimer laser treatment decentration, with minimal alteration of refractive status that was obtained by the initial surgery. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:139-148]
Comparison of Wavefront Aberrations and Optical Quality of Eyes Implanted With Five Different Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Bellucci Roberto , Morselli Simonetta , Piers Patricia
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We compared corneal and total higher order wavefront aberrations in 25 Pseudophakie eyes implanted with five different types of intraocular lenses to obtain an objective evaluation of the optical quality of these Pseudophakie eyes. Five IOLs per type were studied.

METHODS: Implanted lenses were the Pharmacia Tecnis Z9000 with negative spherical aberration, Pharmacia 911 Edge, Alcon Acrysof SA60AT and MA60BM, and Allergan Sensar AR40e. Eyes were examined using the Topcon KR-9000PW topographer/aberrometer, which obtains simultaneous coaxial measurements of corneal and ocular aberrations, and displays the calculated Point Spread Function (PSF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF).

RESULTS: Corneal spherical aberration was positive in all tested eyes. For a 4-mm optical zone, ocular spherical aberration was 0.0054 ? 0.0172 ??? root-mean-square (RMS) in eyes implanted with the Tecnis lens, and was 0.0562 to 0.0974 ??? RMS in eyes implanted with the four other conventional IOLs. A myopic refractive shift with mydriasis of -0.08 D occurred with the Tecnis IOL; it was -0.57 to -0.90 D with the conventional IOLs. Coma did not show a substantial reduction with any of the IOLs. Total wavefront aberrations showed nonsignificant reduction with the Tecnis lens. The PSF and the MTF also showed nonsignificant improvements over conventional IOLs.

CONCLUSIONS: The optical quality of Pseudophakie eyes can be measured in vivo by aberr?meters. Different IOLs resulted in measurably different outcomes. In this preliminary study, comperisation of the spherical aberration observed with the Tecnis lens confirmed the theoretical predictions associated with this lens and resulted in no myopic shift in refraction with mydriasis. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:297-306]
Videokeratography in Conductive Keratoplasty
Authors: Haji Shamim A , Brocks Daniel C , Fahim Magid M , Asbell Penny A
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We used EyeSys videokeratography to evaluate corneal shape changes induced by conductive keratoplasty, a procedure that utilizes radio frequency energy to alter corneal shape to correct hyperopia.

METHODS: Follow-up data were available for 19 eyes (out of 24 eyes of 13 patients). Preoperative spherical hyperopia ranged from +0.75 to +3.25 D with astigmatism <0.75 D. Manifest refractive spherical equivalent refraction (MRSE), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle -corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), topographical parameter predicted corneal acuity (PCA), corneal uniformity index (CU Index), regular astigmatism, total astigmatism, average simulated keratometry (Avg Sim K), effective refractive power, and asphericity were measured preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively.

RESULTS: Twelve months postoperatively, mean PCA, CU Index, and BSCVA were maintained at preoperative levels. Mean UCVA (LogMAR) improved from 0.53 ± 0.21 to 0.10 ± 0.19 (P<.05) with a mean MRSE change from +1.62 ± 0.76 D to -0.06 ± 0.84 D (P<.05) from preoperative to 12 months postoperative. Mean asphericity increased +0.044 ± 0.24 D (P>.05), mean Avg Sim K increased 1.88 ± 0.72 D (P<.05), mean effective refractive power increased 1.71 ± 0.79 D (P<.05), mean cylinder (cycloplegic refraction) increased 0.19 ± 0.36 D (P<.05), mean regular astigmatism increased 0.25 ± 0.49 D (P>.05), and mean irregular astigmatism decreased 0.01 ± 0.13 D (P>.05) from preoperative to 12 months after conductive keratoplasty.

CONCLUSIONS: Avg Sim K and effective refractive power changes support the refractive results; 12-month postoperative maintenance of BSCVA, PCA, and CU Index suggest the procedure is safe. Conductive keratoplasty induced a slight regular astigmatism in some eyes, which decreased with time. The increase in mean corneal asphericity indicated possible induction of central and peripheral cornea changes. [J Refract Surg 2004;20: 329-336]
Intracorneal Ring Segments After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Güell José L , Velasco Fortino , Sánchez Sergio I , Gris Oscar , Garcia-Rojas Miguel
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) for correction of residual refractive error in patients previously operated with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

METHODS: Thirteen postoperative LASIK eyes (eight patients) with residual myopic refractive error underwent implantation with INTACS (Keravision) intracorneal ring segments. Correction of the residual error was the first goal, but also improved best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was obtained by correcting residual irregular astigmatism.

RESULTS: Mean spherical equivalent refraction improved from -3.25 to +0.75 D and mean uncorrected visual acuity improved from 0.2 to 0.6 after ICRS insertion. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity remained stable or improved; no eyes lost lines of corrected visual acuity. In one of the 13 eyes, the intracorneal ring segments were removed because of progressive stromal melting.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of corneal ring segments in selected eyes with residual myopic refractive errors after LASIK was safe and effective. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:349-355]