bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilatus Mencuci Tangan sebagai Tanda tidak Bersalah dalam Mengadili Yesus Berdasarkan Injil dan Kisah Para Rasul
Authors: Bangun Josapat
Published: January 2025

Pilate, the Roman governor known for "washing his hands" in the trial of Jesus, is often perceived by Christians as the official who failed to free Jesus, yielding to the demands of the crowd and Jewish religious leaders. Pilate thus emerged as a symbol of a leader who evaded responsibility. This study aims to examine Pilate's role and accountability in Jesus’ trial through a textual analysis of the four Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles. Employing a historical-theological approach, this literature analysis reveals that Pilate, despite facing intense political pressure, did not actively pursue the crucifixion of Jesus. While Roman authorities commonly persecuted Christians, Pilate’s involvement in Jesus' death cannot be solely blamed on him; early Christians neither defied Roman authority nor viewed Pilate as the direct executioner of Christ. Rather than displaying negligence, Pilate showed significant effort to release Jesus. AbstrakPilatus, gubernur Romawi yang dikenal karena "mencuci tangan" dalam kasus Yesus, sering dipandang oleh umat Kristen sebagai sosok yang gagal membebaskan Yesus dari hukuman salib, tunduk pada tuntutan massa dan pemimpin agama Yahudi. Pilatus menjadi simbol pemimpin yang menghindari tanggung jawab. Studi ini bertujuan menelaah peran dan tanggung jawab Pilatus dalam pengadilan Yesus melalui analisis teks dari keempat Injil dan Kisah Para Rasul. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis literatur dengan pendekatan historis-teologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pilatus, meski berada di bawah tekanan politik yang kuat, tidak aktif berperan dalam penyaliban Yesus. Meskipun penganiayaan oleh Romawi terhadap orang Kristen sering terjadi, Pilatus tidak dapat sepenuhnya disalahkan dalam kasus ini; umat Kristen awal tidak menentang otoritas Romawi maupun menganggap Pilatus sebagai penyalib Kristus. Pilatus bukan pemimpin yang lalai, tetapi berupaya keras membebaskan Yesus.
Tinjauan Sosiohistoris Dinamika Politik dan Agama di Yudea pada Abad Pertama
Authors: Lumban Gaol Ebeneser
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bermaksud menganalisis interaksi dan hubungan antara kekuasaan politik dan kekuasaan agama di provinsi Yudea pada abad pertama Masehi. Melalui pendekatan sosiohistoris penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kehidupan politik dan agama di Yudea pasca Yesus ditandai oleh tumpang tindih otoritas yang menciptakan ketidakpastian dan instabilitas. Pada abad pertama, struktur kekuasaan menunjukkan kompleksitas hubungan antara otoritas keagamaan dan politik. Masuknya kekuasaan Roma menjadikan otoritas politik terfragmentasi, di mana raja bawahan (client king) dari dinasti Herodian yang sangat loyal kepada Roma menghadapi tuntutan yang konsisten untuk memenuhi kesejahteraan orang Yahudi yang secara tradisional dipimpin elit keagamaan. Ketidakpuasan yang meluas akibat kebijakan ekonomi dan politik yang tidak pro-rakyat serta ketidakpekaan terhadap nilai-nilai keagamaan memicu konflik sosial yang disertai kekerasan. Rivalitas di antara pemegang otoritas politik dan agama membuat gejolak sosial yang disertai kekerasan meletus di berbagai tempat dan membuat keadaan memburuk seiring dengan waktu. Puncaknya adalah pemberontakan Yahudi 66-70 M yang mengubah sejarah Bait Suci untuk selama-lamanya.
Estimation of Entrance Surface Dose for Radiography Examinations in Arrazi Hospital from Mohammed VI University Hospital Center of Marrakech (Morocco).
Authors:   Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Technics, Marrakech, Morocco., Khajmi Hassan , Tounsi Abdessamad ,   Environmental, Ecological and Agro-Industrial Engineering Laboratory, University Sultan Moulay Sliman, Béni Mellal, Morocco., Oufni Lhouceine ,   Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Department of Physics (LPM), B.P.523, 23000 BeniMellal, Morocco.
Published: January 2025

In order to minimize patient entrance surface dose (ESD),
this study aims to determine the diagnostic reference levels
(DRLs) for routine radiography in Arrazi Hospital (ARH)
at the Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre (Med VI
UHC) in Marrakech, Morocco. A total of 1170 radiography
examinations (RE) were included. They underwent 13
separate projections in the adult radiology department of
the Marrakech-Safi region teaching hospital.
The X-ray tube’s dose area product (DAP) was used to figure
out the patient’s entrance skin dose (ESD) for the cervical
spine anterior-posterior (AP), cervical spine lateral (LAT),
lumbar spine AP, lumbar spine LAT, abdomen AP, pelvis
AP, shoulder AP, knee AP, knee LAT, skull AP, skull LAT,
and the chest AP. The 75th percentiles with respect to ESD
for cervical spine AP, cervical spine LAT, lumbar spine AP,
lumbar spine LAT, abdomen AP, pelvis AP, shoulder AP, knee
AP, knee LAT, skull AP, skull LAT, and chest AP were 2.1 mGy,
1.8 mGy, 3.7 mGy, 5.9 mGy, 1.9 mGy, 2.35 mGy, 1.5 mGy, 0.7
mGy, 0.65 mGy, 2.9 mGy, 2.7 mGy, and 0.25 mGy, respectively.
We compared our DRL results with those of other countries.
Although the estimated DRLs are encouraging, significant
efforts are needed to reduce them, particularly for shoulder,
knee, and skull X-rays.
Hidden Culprit: Septic Arthritis Of The Costovertebral Joint Disguised As Renal Colic.
Authors: Sherif Ramy , Lyons Kathy , McCarthy M J H ,   Spinal Department, University Hospital of Wales, UK.
Published: January 2025

Background: Septic arthritis of the costovertebral joint is
an extremely rare condition, often misdiagnosed due to its
atypical presentation. This case report describes a unique
instance of septic arthritis involving the costovertebral
joint presenting as renal colic, highlighting the diagnostic
challenges and management strategies.
Case Presentation: A 50-year-old Caucasian man presented
with a 10-day history of non-mechanical low back pain
radiating to the left flank and right buttock, accompanied by
fever, weight loss, and rigors. Initial investigations revealed
elevated inflammatory markers and a left lower lobe
consolidation on imaging, suggestive of a respiratory tract
infection. Subsequent MRI identified a right-sided L5/S1 facet
joint infection, and later imaging revealed a concurrent T9/10
costovertebral joint infection. The patient was managed with
long-term antibiotic therapy, which resulted in the resolution
of the infection. However, the delayed diagnosis underscored
the complexities of this atypical presentation.
Conclusion: Septic arthritis of the costovertebral joint can
present atypically, mimicking renal or intra-abdominal
pathology. Early recognition, thorough imaging, and
appropriate antimicrobial therapy are crucial to prevent
complications and improve outcomes. This case highlights
the need for awareness of unusual presentations of spinal
infections to facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment.
Special Case Report of Pregnancy 28-30 Weeks Gestation with Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Gultom Abitmer , Angreni Frisca , Hendrieta Nelwan Praisela Syania
Published: January 2025

Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) can be defined as a rupture of the membranes before delivery that can occur at any gestational age. PROM can occur at gestational age before 37 weeks or after 37 weeks. The incidence of PROM ranges from 8-10% of all pregnancies. Management decisions depend on gestational age and evaluation of the relative risks of delivery versus the risks of expectant management when pregnancy is allowed to progress to a later gestational age.
Case presentation: Patient with pregnancy at 28 – 30 weeks gestation. The patient came to the ER of General Hospital with complaints of watery discharge for 4 hours since admission to the hospital. The water comes out a lot of clear white, odorless, and with no uterine bleeding.
Conclusion: The inpatient management of patients with premature rupture of membranes is found to be an acceptable option in the case of the pregnant woman and fetus stable state.

Keywords: premature rupture of membrane, pregnancy, gestational age
Case Report: Situs Inversus Totalis
Authors: Angreni Frisca
Published: January 2025

Background: The formation of human body organs is not symmetrical. Even though the human heart begins its formation in the midline of the embryo, its formation will move to the left side of the thoracic cavity and looping will occur on the right. The spleen is found alone on the left side of the abdomen, the right liver lobe is formed predominantly on the right side of the abdomen, the colon will loop from right to left in the abdominal cavity, and the right lung has one more lobe than the left lung. situs inversus is a condition where the internal organs (viscera) occur in the thorax and abdomen.
Case Description: An adult male cadaver during dissection found abnormalities in the location of organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It appears that this cadaver has a heart located on the right, 3 lung lobes on the left side and 2 lung lobes on the right side of the thoracic cavity. The location of the liver is also visible on the left side of the abdominal cavity, as well as the position of the stomach and spleen which are located on the right side of the abdominal cavity. This can be related to congenital abnormalities, namely autosomal recessive genetic disorders.
Conclusion: The cadaver in this case experienced situs inversus totalis, which is a condition where internal (visceral) organs occur in the thorax and abdomen, which is also accompanied by dextrocardia. From the case analysis, several possible causes of situs inversus totalis were found, namely an autosomal recessive disorder inherited from both parents who are carriers. This genetic disorder is inherited by parents who are carriers and is related to disturbances in the formation of the left and right axes of the body during the formation of the embryo in the womb.

Keywords: situs inversus totalis, congenital abnormality, autosomal recessive genetic disorder
Special Case Study of Exploratory Thoracotomy in Pneumothorax Patients et causa Rupture of Giant Bullae
Authors: Marantuan Randolph Serep , Simanjuntak Erica G. M. , Olata Jasmine Nydia
Published: January 2025

Background: Pneumothorax is an accumulation of extrapulmonary air in the chest usually due to air leakage from the lungs. Air leaks can be primary or secondary and can be spontaneous, traumatic, iatrogenic, or catamenial. Pneumothorax may occur with pneumonia, usually with empyema; it can also occur secondary to lung abscess, gangrene, infarction, rupture of an emphysematous cyst or bleb (in asthma), or a foreign body in the lung. In infants with staphylococcal pneumonia, the incidence of pneumothorax is relatively high.
Case Description: Baby patient with the initials ZKP, female, aged 0 years 3 months, treated in the emergency room at Dr. RSUD. Chasbullah Abdulmadjid Bekasi City on September 29 2024 with complaints of shortness of breath. The patient was brought by his mother to the emergency room at CAM Bekasi Hospital on September 29 2024 with complaints of shortness of breath. According to the patient's family, complaints of shortness of breath had been felt since 1 day at SMRS. The patient had a WSD installed one week ago. The patient denied complaints of fever and cough. Family history of TB was denied. The patient's immunization is incomplete, the patient has not received the BCG vaccine. Post-inpatient patient at Hermina Jatinegara Hospital with the same complaint with a primary diagnosis of Empyema and secondary diagnoses of Bronchopneumonia, sepsis e.c Staphylococcus capitis MDR, and Diarrhea.
Conclusion: Open thoracotomy provides several advantages in the management of pneumothorax. First, it allows direct visualization and assessment of the underlying pathology. This is especially useful in cases where there is suspicion of significant lung or pleural disease, such as bullae, blebs, or bronchopleural fistulas. By accessing the chest cavity directly, surgeons can identify and address any specific abnormalities that contributed to the pneumothorax, facilitating targeted treatment and reducing the risk of recurrence

Keywords: pneumothorax, thoracotomy, lung disease, shortness of breath
Management of Post-Operative Sensitivity Following Restorative Procedures
Authors: Alrawqi Awwad Rubaiaan , Alghamdi Rana Abdullah , Sajini Ahmed Faisal , Alshammari Noo Khalaf , Al Maniah Ali Abdullah , Alsharif Deena Abdullah , Ashi Farid Naser
Published: January 2025

Post-operative sensitivity following restorative dental procedures is a common issue that can lead to patient discomfort and dissatisfaction. The condition arises from the exposure of dentinal tubules during treatment, leading to fluid movement within the tubules that triggers nerve responses. Various factors contribute to this sensitivity, including the choice of restorative materials, bonding techniques, and the extent of cavity preparation. Resin-based composites are commonly associated with sensitivity due to polymerization shrinkage, which can cause microleakage. However, incremental layering and improved bonding agents help mitigate this problem. The use of glass ionomer cements (GICs) and bulk-fill composites has shown promise in reducing post-operative sensitivity. GICs bond chemically to the tooth and release fluoride, which reduces sensitivity over time. Bulk-fill composites allow for faster placement with less polymerization shrinkage, further minimizing discomfort. Additionally, laser therapy has emerged as an effective method for sealing dentinal tubules and providing long-term relief, especially in severe cases. Patient management is key to reducing sensitivity in the long term. Desensitizing toothpaste containing potassium nitrate or stannous fluoride helps block neural responses in the dentinal tubules, while fluoride varnishes strengthen enamel and occlude tubules. Occluding agents like oxalate compounds and in-office laser treatments also provide significant relief for patients with persistent sensitivity. Education on proper oral care and sensitivity management, combined with regular follow-up treatments, ensures better outcomes. By utilizing appropriate materials, techniques, and patient-centered management strategies, clinicians can effectively address post-operative sensitivity and enhance patient satisfaction. The careful selection of materials and the use of advanced techniques provide both immediate and long-term benefits, improving the overall success of restorative treatments.
Role of Triple Antibiotic Paste in Regenerative Endodontics
Authors: Baghdadi Loujain Fahad , Alshehri Tariq Awadh , Reda Habib Ali , Aldawood Layla Ahmed , Abualsaud Maria Hassan , Alamer Hassan Mushabbab
Published: January 2025

Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP), a combination of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline, plays a pivotal role in regenerative endodontics by providing effective antimicrobial action and creating an environment conducive to tissue regeneration. Its broad-spectrum activity targets diverse microbial populations, including biofilms, within the root canal system. This makes TAP particularly valuable in treating immature teeth with necrotic pulp, facilitating continued root development through stem cell recruitment, angiogenesis, and dentin-pulp tissue formation. The mechanism of TAP’s action is rooted in its ability to eradicate aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, disrupting biofilms and reducing inflammation. This not only supports tissue healing but also promotes the release of growth factors from dentin, which enhances stem cell differentiation and regenerative outcomes. However, challenges such as cytotoxicity, tooth discoloration, and the potential for antibiotic resistance have limited its widespread use. The inclusion of minocycline has been associated with staining, and high concentrations of TAP can adversely affect stem cell viability, prompting investigations into modified formulations and alternative medicaments. Emerging alternatives, including bioceramic materials, antimicrobial peptides, and nanoparticles, offer comparable antimicrobial efficacy while addressing the drawbacks of TAP. These materials provide biocompatibility, reduce the likelihood of resistance, and enhance regenerative potential. Innovations in drug delivery systems, such as controlled-release platforms, further improve the targeted application of these agents, ensuring sustained therapeutic activity within the root canal. Despite its limitations, TAP remains a cornerstone of regenerative endodontics, particularly for cases involving severe infection and immature root development. Advances in formulation and alternative approaches continue to expand its clinical utility, paving the way for more predictable and effective regenerative therapies. These efforts reflect the evolving landscape of endodontics, aiming to optimize patient outcomes while minimizing adverse effects associated with traditional antimicrobial strategies.
A Rare Case of Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis Mimicking Appendicitis in a Young Adult
Authors: Barnawi Zahrah , Alharthi Abdulrahman , Alhassani Abdulrahman , Qamrah Wied , Almasoudi Arif , Laswad Bassam Bin , Alasiri Alaa
Published: January 2025

Background: Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) is a rare fungal infection caused by Basidiobolus ranarum, primarily affecting immunocompetent individuals in tropical and subtropical regions. It mimics common abdominal conditions, such as appendicitis and malignancies, leading to diagnostic challenges. Diagnosis relies on histopathology, and treatment involves a combination of surgical resection and antifungal therapy. Case presentation: A 17-year-old male presented with right lower quadrant pain and a pelvic mass initially suspected to be an appendicular abscess. Initial diagnosis suggested a perforated appendix. After unsuccessful conservative management, open appendectomy revealed GIB on histopathology. The patient received itraconazole for 9 months, resulting in significant clinical improvement and reduction in mass size, as confirmed by follow-up imaging. Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of GIB, particularly in regions where it is endemic, and the importance of considering it in the differential diagnosis of atypical abdominal presentations. Histopathology remains critical for accurate diagnosis, and a combined approach of surgical intervention and prolonged antifungal therapy proved effective, with close follow-up essential to monitor treatment response and prevent recurrence. The case underscores the need for increased awareness among clinicians to facilitate timely diagnosis and management of this rare condition.
Monogenic Diabetes: Genotype, Clinical Phenotype, and Treatment: A Narrative Review
Authors: Al-Malki Sultan
Published: January 2025

Monogenic Diabetes (MD) refers to a rare and newly identified type of diabetes caused by a defect in a single gene. This condition is marked by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from genetic defects passed down through families in various inheritance patterns, including Mendelian inheritance (dominant, recessive), or non-Mendelian inheritance (mitochondrial inheritance). Additionally, MD can also arise from new mutations that occur for the first time in an individual and are not inherited from either parent, known as de novo mutations. Monogenic forms of diabetes contribute to approximately 5% of pediatric diabetes cases. The etiology of MD involves two main mechanisms: one, multiple gene mutations that disrupt the formation or function of pancreatic β-cells, and two, defects in the insulin receptor that impair insulin action. These genetic abnormalities are primarily responsible for the clinical manifestation of diabetes in affected individuals. Despite its significance, there is a widespread lack of awareness about MD, leading to frequent misdiagnosis such as either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. This issue is exacerbated in regions with high rates of consanguinity, where monogenic diseases are more prevalent and require heightened clinical vigilance. Molecular genetic testing is the cornerstone of diagnosing MD, providing essential information for an accurate diagnosis, and enabling proper genetic counseling for affected families. This diagnostic approach is crucial for distinguishing MD from other types of diabetes, ensuring appropriate management and treatment tailored to the specific genetic mutation involved. This review incorporates a comprehensive literature analysis, based on data gathered from PubMed and Google Scholar. We will discuss the classification of MD, its genotypes and phenotypes, as well as treatment approaches for its various types. By highlighting these aspects, we hope to improve the recognition, diagnosis, and management of this rare form of diabetes.
Prevalence and Factors Related to Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alaish Mohammed Hashim , AlNihab Ali Naji , Al-Shehab Ali Hussain , Al Awani Ashraf Hassan , Mohammed Al-aman Abdulmoneem , Alrebeh Mansoor Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent condition among the elderly, affecting approximately 30%-50% of individuals over 65 years old. Understanding the prevalence of UI and its associated risk factors is crucial for improving management and treatment strategies. This systematic review aims to synthesize existing literature on the prevalence of UI and identify significant risk factors influencing its occurrence in diverse populations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, for studies published after 2014. Studies were included if they reported the prevalence of UI and associated risk factors in elderly populations. Data extraction focused on overall prevalence rates, demographic information, and specific risk factors along with their respective odds ratios or risk ratios, or prevalence ratios, confidence intervals, and p-values. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tool. A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, revealing a wide prevalence range of UI from 14.2% to 82.9%. Gender-specific prevalence shows that among men, rates can be as low as 20% (monthly UI) and as high as 35.96%, while women exhibit prevalence rates from 15% to 66.1%. Significant risk factors identified include female sex, increased body mass index, history of cancer, diabetes, cognitive impairment, and mobility limitations. The odds ratios for these factors varied, indicating a robust association with the occurrence of UI across different populations. The findings of this systematic review underscore the high prevalence of UI incontinence and its multifactorial nature, emphasizing the need for targeted screening and intervention strategies. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals about the significant risk factors associated with UI can facilitate early identification and improve patient outcomes, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for those affected.
The Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Migraine Frequency and Severity in Young People
Authors: Mamdouh Ali Bayan , Albeetar Wail Mohammed , Nakiti Summer Hatim , Al Rebh Zainab Yousef , Alotaibi Shadyha Abdullah , Jastania Yara Yassir , Mohammed Alamoudi Abdulrahim
Published: January 2025

Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurological condition, particularly among young populations. It significantly impacts quality of life, with triggers and contributing factors including genetic predispositions, environmental influences, and modifiable lifestyle behaviors. This review examines the role of lifestyle factors in migraine frequency and severity, focusing on hydration, diet, caffeine consumption, physical activity, stress management, sleep, and technology use. Lifestyle interventions, such as maintaining regular sleep schedules, consistent meals, adequate hydration, and physical activity, offer promising nonpharmacological strategies for migraine management. Dietary approaches, including the ketogenic diet and elimination diets, have shown potential, though further research is needed to evaluate their efficacy in pediatric populations. Excessive caffeine intake and screen time, particularly among adolescents, are significant contributors to migraine episodes, underscoring the need for behavioral modifications. Proper sleep hygiene and stress reduction are also key in alleviating migraine burden. Given the limitations of pharmacological treatments in children and adolescents, lifestyle modifications should be prioritized as firstline preventive measures. This review highlights the need for comprehensive educational programs to promote healthier habits, reduce migraine recurrence, and improve long-term outcomes in young individuals.
Role of Diet and Lifestyle in Prevention of Recurrent Gout Attacks
Authors: Ghazi Taju Khalid , Aldossari Abdulrahman Saad , Almuhanna Faisal Mohammed , Al Harazi Ghassan Khalid , Alshammasi Basmah Baqer , Alharthi Lein Hassan , Almubarak Mohammed Hassan
Published: January 2025

Gout, a chronic inflammatory arthritis, results from hyperuricemia and the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints, leading to recurrent episodes of pain and swelling. Dietary patterns and lifestyle factors are critical in managing and preventing gout attacks. High-purine foods, including red and organ meats and certain seafood, are significant contributors to elevated serum uric acid levels, while low-purine diets, dairy products, and plant-based proteins have protective effects. Fructose, commonly found in sugar-sweetened beverages, exacerbates hyperuricemia, whereas proper hydration and antioxidant-rich foods, such as cherries and citrus fruits, support urate clearance and reduce inflammation. Weight management plays a pivotal role, as obesity is associated with systemic inflammation and reduced renal uric acid excretion. Even modest weight loss achieved through dietary changes and physical activity has been shown to lower serum uric acid levels and reduce the frequency of gout flares. Aerobic exercises, such as walking and swimming, are particularly effective for gout patients, while resistance training offers complementary benefits, including improved joint strength and metabolic health. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant-rich foods, such as omega-3 fatty acids, green tea, and curcumin, further enhance gout management by mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress. These dietary components also influence xanthine oxidase activity, reducing uric acid production. A balanced approach combining dietary modifications, weight control, and regular physical activity provides a sustainable and effective strategy for managing gout, especially in populations prone to recurrent attacks. Integrating these measures into clinical practice not only addresses the immediate symptoms of gout but also improves overall metabolic health, reducing the burden of comorbidities. This holistic approach highlights the significance of lifestyle interventions as an adjunct to pharmacological therapy in achieving long-term disease control and enhancing patient outcomes.
Ethical Considerations in Telemedicine and Remote Patient Care
Authors: Alrebh Asia Hussain , Aljadher Ahmed Mansour , Alghaith Bader Khalid , Baothman Mohammad Salah , Al-Shaban Wafa Radhi , Al Tufaif Tayseer Ali
Published: January 2025

Telemedicine has redefined healthcare delivery by offering innovative ways to enhance accessibility and convenience. However, its integration into medical practice introduces significant ethical challenges, particularly concerning patient privacy, equity, and informed consent. Telemedicine platforms rely heavily on digital technologies, making them vulnerable to cybersecurity threats, data breaches, and unauthorized access. Protecting sensitive patient information requires stringent encryption, secure authentication protocols, and transparency regarding how data is stored, shared, and used. Equity and accessibility are critical considerations in ensuring telemedicine serves all populations effectively. While it has the potential to bridge gaps in healthcare access, especially for rural or underserved areas, disparities in digital literacy and reliable internet connectivity persist. Low-income individuals, older adults, and those in remote locations often face significant barriers to utilizing telehealth services. Addressing these inequities requires investments in digital infrastructure, subsidized technology access, and the development of user-friendly telemedicine platforms tailored to diverse needs. Informed consent in telemedicine adds another layer of complexity. Patients must fully understand the limitations of virtual consultations, the risks of misdiagnosis due to the absence of physical examinations, and the potential vulnerabilities associated with digital communication. Language barriers, cultural differences, and varying levels of digital literacy may hinder comprehension, necessitating efforts to enhance communication, provide culturally sensitive care, and preserve patient autonomy. Providers must also adopt strategies to build trust and engagement in virtual consultations, ensuring ethical practices in remote care. The ethical challenges surrounding telemedicine highlight the need for a balanced approach to its implementation. By addressing privacy concerns, promoting equitable access, and refining informed consent processes, telemedicine can evolve into a more inclusive and ethical healthcare model. Such efforts are critical for ensuring that technological advancements align with the principles of patient-centered care.
The Impact of Cultural Beliefs on Medical Ethics and Patient Care
Authors: Ali Alarabi Abeer , Ali Alamri Amer , Jumah Suad Ahmed , Aljohani Waleed Marji , Mohammed Badarb Abdulaziz , Mohammedrafie Banjar Alyaa
Published: January 2025

Cultural beliefs significantly influence perceptions of health, illness, and care delivery, impacting medical ethics and patient care. These beliefs often intersect with core ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, creating complexities in clinical practice. Autonomy, commonly emphasized in Western medical ethics, may conflict with cultural norms that prioritize collective decision-making, particularly within family-centered cultures. Similarly, practices surrounding end-of-life care, reproductive health, and traditional healing reflect the profound influence of cultural frameworks on patient choices and healthcare provider actions. The tension between cultural sensitivity and medical ethics often arises when cultural practices conflict with evidence-based medicine. For instance, preferences for non-disclosure of diagnoses in certain cultures challenge principles of informed consent, while requests for life-prolonging treatments can create ethical dilemmas around non-maleficence. Language barriers and institutional policies further compound these challenges, highlighting the importance of integrating cultural competence into healthcare systems. Effective strategies for integrating cultural competence include targeted training programs for healthcare providers, fostering workforce diversity, and developing inclusive institutional policies. Community engagement and culturally tailored interventions have shown bridges in understanding and improve patient-provider relationships. Technology, such as culturally adapted telemedicine platforms, further enhances accessibility and equity in care delivery. Addressing these complexities requires a systemic approach to align care delivery with patients’ cultural values while maintaining ethical integrity. Prioritizing cultural competence fosters trust, enhances communication, and supports equitable healthcare outcomes across diverse populations. By acknowledging and addressing the influence of cultural beliefs, healthcare systems can navigate ethical challenges effectively, ensuring patient-centered care that respects individual and collective values.
Ethical Concerns in the Use of Restraints Among the Elderly
Authors: Alsharari Majed Fahad , Khayat Muatz Ahmed , AlMutairi Abdulaziz Muslet , Alsaleh Azzam AbdulRahman , Almotteri Sultan Fahad , Almutairi Omar Mutab
Published: January 2025

The use of restraints in elderly care remains a contentious issue, raising significant ethical and practical concerns. Restraints, whether physical or chemical, are often employed to manage safety risks, prevent falls, or address challenging behaviors. However, their use can lead to profound physical and psychological consequences, including injury, loss of mobility, anxiety, depression, and diminished quality of life. These adverse effects often conflict with the ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, and respect for autonomy. Elderly patients with cognitive impairments, such as dementia, are particularly vulnerable, as they may lack the capacity to provide informed consent for restraint use. This highlights the importance of surrogate decision-making, advance care planning, and open communication between healthcare providers, families, and patients. Ethical guidelines emphasize minimizing restraint use and prioritizing less restrictive interventions. Comprehensive risk assessments, staff training, and patient-centered care strategies are essential in managing the underlying causes of behaviors that often lead to restraint use. Nonpharmacological alternatives, such as environmental adjustments, behavioral therapies, and enhanced caregiver-patient interactions, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing agitation and improving patient outcomes. Additionally, policy reforms and regulatory oversight can ensure that restraints are used only as a last resort, with stringent documentation and accountability measures. Cultural and institutional factors significantly influence the application of restraints, underscoring the need for culturally sensitive approaches and consistent ethical standards. Promoting restraint-free care models not only safeguards the dignity and rights of elderly patients but also enhances their overall quality of life. By fostering collaboration among caregivers, families, and institutions, the challenges associated with restraint use in elderly care can be addressed effectively, ensuring ethical and compassionate treatment for this vulnerable population.
Cat–Human Intersubjectivity and Joint Meaning-Making within Multispecies Families and Communities
Authors: Hill Kristine
Published: January 2025

This paper examines unstructured interview transcripts from case-studies of cat-human relationships, using the framework of interspecies intersubjectivity. Adopting a qualitative thematic approach, this study explores how interspecies relationships are formed and performed within the context of multispecies families and communities. Themes emerged relating to how the cats in this study became integrated into multispecies families and communities, through mutual trust-building, interspecies communication, and joint meaning-making. Examples of co-creation of meaning within the cat-human relationships included special vocalizations or signals with shared meaning that were co-developed over time. All the cats exerted their agency in some manner that influenced human behaviour. Most notably, by convincing their guardian to let them out to roam and to trust them. Although undoubtably influenced by their kittenhood experiences, individual personalities rendered some cats inherently more eager to roam and others more content to stay home. This study highlights several friendships formed between cats and nonguardian humans and provides insight into how cats integrate themselves into their communities. Furthermore, it demonstrates how cats are proactive in the process of becoming members of multispecies families.
(In)tangible Teamwork
Authors: Paul Bettina
Published: January 2025

Sniffer-dog-teams are a vital, and at the same time highly contested, part of aviation security practices. Rooted in science and technology studies, cultural animal studies and sociology, the article explores the way nonhuman species, in this case sniffer dogs, appear within and against the logic of security ensembles at airports, both currently and in the aspiration for a fully-automated future. Based on the insights of non-participant observations, as well as interviews on more-than-human sensing practices in security contexts predominantly in Germany, the article explores how humans conceptualize nonhuman modes of sensation. While human dog handlers have to cope with the ambivalent requirements of their role working for the state, in which their nonhuman partner is classified as a supporting tool, they are confronted with the scepticism of the wider world concerning their reliability and capacity in odour detection. The sniffer dog handlers must therefore deal with nonknowledge, particularly when it comes to the question of how to ensure what their nonhuman partners smell. In conceptualizing their human-animal interaction as a performative dance of agency, nonknowledge can be characterized as the enactment of a productive force through the embodiment of sensual knowledge. In exploring the nexus of human perception and nonhuman sensitivity, the article contributes to the question of how the epistemology of knowing shapes interspecies sense-making in security related contexts.
The Literary Labour of Ants
Authors: Gutiérrez Negrón Sergio
Published: January 2025

This essay considers the literary labour carried out by ants in Daniel Sada’s Porque parece mentira la verdad nunca se sabe (1999), considered one of the most significant works of Mexican literature in the last decade of the twentieth century. This essay takes a digressive scene within the novel, in which an ant fable is imagined, as a model of “refabulation”, a rewriting of Western formic, or ant-centred, narratives that attempts to escape the total enclosure of allegory. Sada’s refabulation both registers the fact of ants’ radical alterity and deploys them as the axis for the articulation of a utopian desire for the potential of a collective life organized beyond scarcity, labour, and capitalism. At the same time, the essay suggests that meaningful representations of interspecies interactions might not be found in novelistic narratives per se, but in the digressions often found and contained in its pages.
Leonine Visibility and the Production of Nature
Authors: Gelfand Laura
Published: January 2025

Review of:
Katie Hornstein, Myth and Menagerie: Seeing Lions in the Nineteenth Century. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2024. 272 pp. 108 colour + 50 b&w illus. $75.00 (hardcover).
Unsettling the Columbian Exchange
Authors: Guest Kristen
Published: January 2025

Review of:
Marcy Norton, The Tame and the Wild: People and Animals after 1492. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2024. 448 pp. $37.50 (hb). ISBN: 9780674737525.
Spices Diets and Their Effects on the Renal Functions of Wistar Rat
Authors: N. C. Okechukwu-Ezike, , N. H. Duru,
Published: January 2025

The effects of selected spices (Aframomum danielli, rough skin plum and country onions) on the renal functions of wistar rats fed for 28 days with feed substituted with the three aforementioned spices at different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%) were evaluated. The values obtained for the parameters evaluated ranged from 18.42 mg/dL to 21.87 mg/dL (Blood Urea Nitrogen – BUN); 9.26% to 9.81% (creatinine); 9.02 to 9.23x109/L (White Blood Cell Count – WBCC); and 7.00 to 7.17x1012/L (Red Blood Cell Count – RBCC) for the 28 days. The partial substitution of the rats' feed with proportions of the spices increased the BUN, creatinine, WBCC and RBCC levels of the rats The BUN levels were within the 15–40 mg/dl for normal adult human blood. The increment observed in the creatinine levels was also within the biochemical reference range of 7.68–70.72 mol/L. The WBCC of the test animals fed with control feed reduced as the feeding period progressed. White blood cells are responsible for fighting infections or diseases in the body. Low counts of WBC may indicate that the body is immuno-compromised; too high WBC counts might be an indication of many underlying diseases or the introduction of a foreign body responsible for the upsurge of WBC counts. The WBC count in this study was within the SI reference range of 4.5–11.0 x 109/L. The RBC count of all the test samples were higher than the SI reference range of 4.3–5.9 x 1012/L (male) and 3.5–5.5 x 1012/L (female).
Effect of Legislative Oversight Function on the Performance of the Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC)
Authors: Tosin Success Ademeso
Published: January 2025

This research work was designed to examine the effect of legislative oversight function on the performance of the Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC). The major objectives of the study include to examine the effect of legislative oversight function on NCC in promoting the implementation of national communications in Nigeria; to determine the effect of legislative oversight function in ensuring NCC promotes reliable and accessible communication services in Nigeria; to understand how legislative oversight function assists NCC in protecting the rights and interest of service providers and consumers within Nigeria; and to investigate the influence of legislative oversight function in creating an effective, impartial and independent regulatory authority. A survey design method was used for this study. A sample of 221 staff were drawn from Legislative Aides, Staff of NCC and staff of telecommunication companies. Relevant data for this research work was collected from both primary and secondary sources of data. The study adopted principal agent theory as a theoretical framework. Based on these broad objectives, the legislative oversight function on NCC has a positive effect in promoting the implementation of the national communications in Nigeria. Furthermore, it was revealed that the oversight functions of the legislature on NCC has a positive effect on the promotion of reliable and accessible communication services in Nigeria, and also, it was revealed that legislative oversight function has influenced the creation of an effective, impartial and independent regulatory authority. The research therefore concluded and recommended among others that the committee on communication should be careful not to erode the autonomy enjoyed by NCC as this could bring about hitches in service delivery. Secondly, NCC must at all times seek to improve their performance to ensure that national communication systems are reliable and accessible to the people. Finally, the committee on communication should ensure continuous protection of the rights and interest of service providers and consumers within Nigeria.
Type A Behaviour and Academic Performance of Four Hundred Level Students in Akwa Ibom State University
Authors: I. P. Augustine, , D. Baridam, , C. D. Brownson,
Published: January 2025

The study was conducted to examine the influence of Type A behavior on the academic performance of four hundred level students in Akwa Ibom State University. Survey research design was adopted for the study. This type of design enabled the researcher to obtain data directly from the respondents. The population for the study was 1700. Three hundred and twenty-four (324) was the sample size and it was derived using Taro Yamene’s formula for sample size determination. Primary data was employed for the study. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in analyzing the collected data. Ordinal Logistic Regression was the inferential statistics. Findings revealed that competitiveness showed a standardized value of 3.246 while organizational support showed a value of 7.298. Based on this finding, it was concluded that type A personality has a positive and significant relationship with the academic performance of 400 level students in Akwa Ibom State University. As a recommendation, the university management should encourage the competitive behaviour of the students by giving rewards to the best academic performing students. Also, the university management should ensure that both the teachers and all staff adhere to the university policies.
Thực trạng quản lý hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng giao tiếp cho trẻ 5-6 tuổi ở các trường mầm non huyện Thạnh Trị, tỉnh Sóc Trăng
Authors: Trịnh Thị Hồng Thơ , Lê Hoàng Dự
Published: January 2025

Quản lý kỹ năng giao tiếp cho trẻ 5-6 tuổi ở trường mầm non là điều cần thiết và quan trọng để trẻ mở rộng quan hệ từ trong gia đình cho đến xã hội. Nghiên cứu trình bày kết quả đánh giá thực trạng quản lý hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng giao tiếp cho trẻ 5-6 tuổi ở trường mầm non huyện Thạnh Trị, tỉnh Sóc Trăng, dựa trên khảo sát thực tiễn bằng phương pháp điều tra phiếu hỏi từ 150 người là cán bộ quản lý, tổ khối trưởng và giáo viên của 6 trường mầm non trên địa bàn, đồng thời kết hợp phỏng vấn sâu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy các nhà trường đã đạt được những kết quả nhất định trong hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng giao tiếp cho trẻ 5-6 tuổi nhưng vẫn còn hạn chế khi các nội dung đánh giá về lập kế hoạch, tổ chức thực hiện, chỉ đạo và kiểm tra đánh giá hoạt động này chỉ đạt điểm trung bình ở mức 2/4, mức độ thường xuyên là ít thường xuyên, mức độ đáp ứng yêu cầu là ít đáp ứng. Nghiên cứu này sẽ là cơ sở thực tiễn hữu ích để các nhà quản lý giáo dục đưa ra những biện pháp nâng cao hiệu quả quản lý hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng giao tiếp cho trẻ 5-6 tuổi ở các trường mẫu giáo trên địa bàn huyện Thạnh Trị trong thời gian tới.
Thực trạng quản lý hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng sống cho học sinh ở các trường trung học cơ sở huyện Đông Hải, tỉnh Bạc Liêu
Authors: Hồ Văn Thống , Trần Quốc Dũng
Published: January 2025

Giáo dục kỹ năng sống cho học sinh có ý nghĩa rất quan trọng trong việc phát triển toàn diện con người, cả về kiến thức, nhân cách và khả năng thích nghi với cuộc sống. Trong thời qua, hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng sống cho học sinh đã được quan tâm và triển khai thực hiện nhiều hơn ở các trường phổ thông. Tuy nhiên, hiệu quả của hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng sống chưa thực sự xứng tầm với vai trò của nó, chưa tạo được nhiều động lực để nâng cao chất lượng giáo dục của nhà trường. Để có cơ sở đề xuất các biện pháp hiệu quả nhằm nâng cao chất lượng giáo dục kỹ năng sống cho học sinh phổ thông nói chung và học sinh tại các trường trung học cơ sở ở huyện Đông Hải, tỉnh Bạc Liêu nói riêng, góp phần phát triển toàn diện học sinh trong bối cảnh giáo dục hiện nay. Bài viết trình bày kết quả đánh giá thực trạng quản lý hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng sống cho học sinh tại các trường trung học cơ sở ở huyện Đông Hải, tỉnh Bạc Liêu thông qua việc khảo sát 100 cán bộ quản lý và giáo viên ở các trường trung học cơ sở trên địa bàn. Qua kết quả khảo sát cho thấy, bên cạnh những kết quả đạt được, còn có những hạn chế nhất định. Các chủ thể quản lý hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng sống liên quan vẫn còn gặp nhiều khó khăn trong chỉ đạo, tổ chức và chưa có biện pháp khả thi trong quản lý hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng sống cho học sinh.