bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agentividad y responsabilidad en informes de derechos humanos: el caso del estallido social chileno de 2019
Authors: Pécher Stéphanie
Published: May 2024

Este análisis se centra en la construcción discursiva de la responsabilidad de los agentes estatales en contextos de violaciones de derechos humanos. Nos enfocamos en un género discursivo específico, a saber, los informes de derechos humanos. Se investigan dos informes publicados durante el estallido social chileno de 2019 por Amnistía Internacional y la Oficina del Alto Comisionado para los Derechos Humanos. Se analiza la agentividad como expresión discursiva de la responsabilidad para descubrir los contrastes en atribución de la responsabilidad en las descripciones de casos concretos de los informes. Los resultados sugieren que los grados de agentividad representan atribuciones de la responsabilidad determinadas por los objetivos propios de los informes.
Validation of a Primary Biliary Cholangitis–Specific Version of Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire: CLDQ-PBC
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Stepanova Maria , Younossi Issah , Racila Andrei
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease, leading to cirrhosis and impairment of patient-reported outcomes. We aimed to develop a PBC-specific version of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) instrument to assess health-related quality of life of patients with PBC.

METHODS:

From our Liver Database, we included patients with PBC who had CLDQ, clinicolaboratory data, and completed Short Form-36 and The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Fatigue. The 29 items of CLDQ were subjected to item reduction, exploratory factor analysis, and fed into a standard instrument validation pipeline.

RESULTS:

Data were available for 108 patients with PBC: 57 ± 11 years, 7% male, 58% cirrhosis, and 24% decompensated cirrhosis (Child B and C). Of 29 CLDQ items, none met the exclusion criteria. Exploratory factor analysis (95% of variance) returned 7 factors. Based on evaluation of factor loadings and face validity, those factors yielded 7 domains (Diet, Emotion, Fatigue, Itch, Symptoms, Sleep, and Worry). Good to excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α 0.85–0.93) was observed for 5/7 domains. For the remaining 2 domains (Diet and Itch), additional items obtained from patients, experts, and review of the literature were included. For 5 domains, known-group validity tests discriminated between patients with PBC with and without cirrhosis, advanced cirrhosis, and depression (P < 0.05 for 3–5 domains). The CLDQ-PBC domains were correlated with relevant domains of Short Form-36, CLDQ-PBC Fatigue correlated with Fatigue Scale of Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Fatigue (rho = +0.85), and CLDQ-PBC Worry domain negatively correlated with alkaline phosphatase (rho = −0.38, P = 0.0082).

DISCUSSION:

The CLDQ-PBC has been developed based on the original CLDQ. The new instrument has evidence for internal consistency and validity and is being fully validated using an external cohort.
Components of aesthetic professional training of art specialists
Authors: Vodianyi Bohdan , Vodiana Valentyna , Shchur Liudmyla , Hub'yak Dmytro , Misko Halyna , Yevhenieva Mariia
Published: May 2024

The development of the teacher's aesthetic competence takes place during the professional activity. It involves the acquisition of professional qualities and opportunities for further improvement in the process of educational and teaching activities. Postmodernism and the philosophy of the rhizome have significantly influenced the aesthetic qualities, characteristics and approaches to the professional work of a teacher. It requires contemporary reconsideration for further implementation in educational institutions and for the improvement of one's own competence. The purpose of this article is to analyze the peculiarities of the formation of the aesthetic competence of an educator in the postmodern era, aspects of the application of the philosophy of the rhizome in practical activities, and the subsequent transformation of the consequences of this era into the present. The main principles of the study include: moral and ethical values; the characteristics of their construction and analysis of the nature of their origin; assessment of the complexity of pedagogical work; the application of conceptual principles of the rhizome. The paper analyzes the structural elements of the aesthetic competence of a teacher. It also reveals the content and compares the basic values with those inherent in the postmodern era.
Psychology of self-development:
Authors: Prisniakova Lyudmila , Aharkov Oleh , Samoilov Oleksandr , Nesprava Mykola , Varakuta Maryna
Published: May 2024

The article delves into the psychological aspects of self-development, focusing on the strategies and factors influencing effective personal growth. The study's significance arises from the recognition that individuals, at a specific juncture in their lives, become conscious of their individuality and subsequently endeavor to present themselves favorably to others while pursuing their life's purpose. Moreover, the concept of personal growth has become prevalent in contemporary society, with influential figures advocating the idea that self-development is an essential objective for every individual, as significant success cannot be attained without it. The present study establishes the significance of the psychology of self-development concerning strategies and factors influencing effective personal growth. The essence of the "self-development" concept has been thoroughly examined, and the primary aspects of human self-development have been delineated. Moreover, this work provides comprehensive characterizations and detailed descriptions of various forms of human self-development, including self-affirmation, self-actualization, and self-improvement. The article elucidates the particularities of self-development strategies in individuals, including imitation, the "twist of fate," and purposeful movement towards desired goals. Furthermore, the work describes psychological barriers that impede an individual's self-development. The study characterizes factors that positively influence personal growth, encompassing empathic support, appropriate upbringing, clear goal awareness, developed self-organization, interpersonal interaction, a drive for self-realization, and a creative approach. Moreover, the article identifies scenarios wherein self-development assumes a negative aspect, leading to regression rather than progress.
Development of higher education institutions in the current conditions
Authors: Kubitskyi Serhii , Shorobur Inna , Yevdokymova Natalia , Vlasiuk Tetiana , Shevchuk Larysa
Published: May 2024

The dynamic development of modern pedagogical science is characterized by the search for basic approaches to building the educational process in higher education. It is aimed at educating and training a professionally competent, proactive, creative specialist with highly developed personal and creative skills. Such a specialist should be endowed with a sense of duty and responsibility to society. Moreover, he or she must be able to quickly adapt to the modern world, characterized by an increased role of the individual, and intellectualization of his or her activities in the face of rapid changes in the development of science and information technology. The article aims to identify the patterns and clarify the main vectors of higher education development, given the conditions and current requirements. In the course of the study, the analytical method was applied to study the scientific literature on the development of HEIs. To study and process the data, the authors employed such methods as analysis, synthesis of information, induction, deduction, systemic and structural, comparative, logical, and linguistic methods, abstraction, and idealization. Moreover, the authors of the study conducted an online survey to clarify the most important issues related to the peculiarities of the development of HEIs practically. Based on the results of the study, the main most important vectors of higher education development were identified, and the opinion of scientists and heads of HEIs on key practical aspects of higher education development was investigated.
Management teams:
Authors: Cherkassky Andrey , Lisina Larysa , Baryshnikova Vira , Hrytsiv Tetiana , Bykova Svitlana
Published: May 2024

The article examines the essence of the psychology of interaction in the process of innovative professional activity. The authors define the essence of the "management team" concept, the stages of its formation, and the features of the management team. In addition, the causes of conflicts in management teams, their characteristics, and the consequences for effective teamwork on the project are considered. The study describes the mechanisms of interaction in management teams and the ways to solve their problems. The authors describe the essence of disagreements in management teams, where the group members are both managers with a long history of holding a certain position and also newly appointed managers. The article also examines the essence of conflicts in management teams. The main factors of the appearance of conflicts are determined, where the character is given to such factors as the location of all team members on the same management horizon, the desire for leadership, the presence of experience in some team members compared to others, the relationship of the problematic issue to a certain department, the essence of the project. At the same time, the characteristics of interaction in the team are carried out.
Peculiarities of translation of scientific literature vocabulary from polish into ukrainian
Authors: Nedashkivska Tetiana , Yarynovska Kateryna , Gudmanian Artur , Nyzhnyk Svetlana
Published: May 2024

The translation challenges encountered within the domain of scientific vocabulary represent a distinct area of research that has garnered significant attention from the scientific communities in both Ukraine and Poland in recent years. This topic holds utmost significance and warrants thorough investigation. The research focuses on the theoretical and practical aspects of translation, encompassing the functions of translation, the utilization of various styles and vocabularies, and their influence on the target audience. Furthermore, it examines translation techniques and pedagogical approaches employed to develop translation skills. The primary objectives of this study are twofold: firstly, to identify the specificities involved in translating scientific literature vocabulary while imparting translation skills, and secondly, to assess the impact of innovations and technologies on the effectiveness of Polish to Ukrainian translations. A comprehensive methodology will be employed to fulfill the aims of this research endeavor.  The principal methodology employed in this study is the pedagogical experiment, complemented by statistical methods, the observation method, and the descriptive method. The primary hypothesis posits that an examination of the intricacies associated with translating Polish vocabulary into Ukrainian will facilitate the integration of digital technologies within the educational process. Moreover, it is hypothesized that a comprehensive understanding of the peculiarities involved in translating scientific vocabulary will contribute to the enhancement of academic performance, subsequently augmenting the translation skills of students and prospective translation specialists. The outcome of this study aims to substantiate the efficacy of integrating innovative approaches into the instruction of translating scientific texts from Polish into Ukrainian. The findings from the conducted pedagogical experiment reveal promising prospects for implementing initiatives within the domain of scientific and popular science text translation. Future research endeavors will delve into areas such as translation theory and practice, the significance of terminology and book vocabulary within Polish-language texts, exploration of the distinctive role played by the tradition of employing and composing scientific vocabulary, and the utilization of contemporary technologies to streamline the translation process.
Inclusive education in Ukraine:
Authors: Оliinyk Tetiana , Mishchenko Olena , Iievliev Oleksandr , Saveliev Dmytro , Hubina Svitlana
Published: May 2024

This paper suggests a model of information and technological support for inclusive education that considers the specifics of this process in Ukraine.   Inclusive education is a key factor in the development of civic democracy. It aims to transform schools into platforms of equality and improvement for all students. The literature review aims to assess the current state of inclusive education and identify the conditions necessary for developing inclusive education systems. The article explores the following aspects: the concept of inclusive education as a platform for civic democracy; the influence of historical context and societal values on attitudes toward differences and disabilities; research covers the current state of inclusive education in Ukraine, America, and Europe; it describes the obstacles that preceded the implementation of inclusive education in these countries. As part of this model, the authors consider a data storage system designed for the comprehensive processing of information related to the psychophysical assessment of people with special needs. The article provides an overview of key aspects and formalized criteria for assessing the impact of implementing information technologies on the outcomes of inclusive educational support. These criteria consider social and scientific-technical aspects of implementing information technologies at every stage of inclusive education support. The results of the study indicate that most data focus on the analysis of attitudes toward inclusive education and people with disabilities. Although most survey participants generally support inclusive educational initiatives. In addition, the authors identified a series of obstacles that must be overcome to implement these initiatives in the region successfully. The article identifies the possibilities of implementing inclusive education in the historical context of the region. Moreover, the authors identified structural and cultural barriers to its implementation and provided directions towards future research.
Building English speaking competence of intending higher education institutions teachers
Authors: Hnatyk Katalin , Fodor Kateryna , Churman-Puskas Aniko , Chernonkov Yaroslav , Terletska Liubov
Published: May 2024

The modernization of an intended teacher training process involves increasing the requirements for their professional level to implement the New State Education Standard. The process of national education integration into the European educational space takes place nowadays. Considering this, the issue of building English-speaking competence in intending higher education institution teachers is relevant. The article deals with researching the modern process of developing English-speaking competence in the professional training of intending higher education institution teachers. Therefore, the paper aims to study the peculiarities of intending university teachers’ English-speaking competence building during their study at higher education institutions in Ukraine. To achieve the aim of the research, a set of methods was used: theoretical: analysis of scientific psychological and pedagogical sources; empirical: questionnaires, interviews; graphics. The results of the research made it possible to define the reasons for building English-speaking competence among intending university teachers at higher education establishments that aimed at increasing the level of English-speaking competence of Ukrainian postgraduate students. Searching the problem provides opportunities to determine the main factors that influence the development of English-speaking competence and the ways to improve university teachers’ English-speaking competence.
Management models and methods in modern education: information technologies, sustainability and development
Authors: Mialkovska Liudmyla , Herasymchuk Halyna , Sushyk Iryna , Martyniuk Yaroslava , Haponchuk Olena , Melnychuk Yuliia
Published: May 2024

Modern education is undergoing significant transformations influenced by information technologies, raising questions of sustainability and development within the educational community and in practice. This issue becomes particularly pertinent in the context of constant societal changes and global competition. Problem Statement: The research is focused on exploring contemporary models and management methods in the education sector, with a specific emphasis on information technologies, sustainability, and development. The authors aim to uncover the role of information technologies in supporting the sustainable development of educational systems and identify optimal models and management methods to achieve this goal. Research Objective: The primary objective of this study is to analyze innovative approaches to education management that are based on the use of information technologies to enhance the quality of education and ensure its sustainability and development. The authors seek to assess domestic and international research and identify key success factors in education management within the context of modern challenges. Object and Subject of Research: The object of this study is education management systems, while the subject includes models and management methods, particularly those based on information technologies. The authors examine various levels of education. Research Methods: In this study, the authors employed literature analysis, including the findings of contemporary scientific research and publications by domestic and international authors. By accumulating and selecting relevant statistical data, trends in education development were identified. The analysis of these trends allowed for the aggregation of influential factors in developmental processes. Based on this analysis and through the use of modelling methods, an organizational management model for the education system was developed to ensure its sustainable development. Tasks Accomplished: In this research, key issues in education management were identified, the impact of information technologies on this sphere was assessed, and innovative management approaches aimed at ensuring the sustainability and development of educational systems were proposed. Conclusions and Recommendations: Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that information technologies hold significant potential for improving the quality of education and ensuring its sustainability and development. The authors recommend educational institutions actively incorporate information technologies into the learning process and utilize modern models and management methods to achieve the goals of sustainable development in education. This article is dedicated to promoting the advancement of contemporary education and fostering knowledge exchange in this vital field.
Komiksowy rekwizyt i jego specyfika w „Trasie promocyjnej” Andiego Watsona
Authors: Kowalczyk Marcin
Published: May 2024

In comics, similar to theatre or film, props play a crucial role in storytelling. However, in the comic medium, the function of a prop as a meaningful element takes on a distinct character. Cartoons not only depict objects but also give them specific significance through artistic representation. The article aims to explore this phenomenon by examining the graphic novel The Book Tour by Andi Watson. The analysis draws upon the insights of renowned comics scholars but also refers to broader conceptual frameworks.  Thus additional links to theoretical proposals on the semiotics of visual representations and semiotics of the stage. Throughout the discussion, the paper presents artistic techniques used by Andi Watson that contribute to the unique nature and the way of functioning of comic props.
Interaction of heparin with human cardiac troponin complex and its influence on the immunodetection of troponins in human blood samples
Authors: Riabkova Natalia S. , Bogomolova Agnessa P. , Kogan Alexander E. , Katrukha Ivan A. , Vylegzhanina Alexandra V. , Pevzner Dmitry V. , Alieva Amina K. , Bereznikova Anastasia V. , Katrukha Alexey G.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Heparin is a highly charged polysaccharide used as an anticoagulant to prevent blood coagulation in patients with presumed myocardial infarction and to prepare heparin plasma samples for laboratory tests. There are conflicting data regarding the effects of heparin on the measurement of cardiac isoforms of troponin I (cTnI) and troponin T (cTnT), which are used for the immunodiagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. In this study, we investigated the influence of heparin on the immunodetection of human cardiac troponins.

Methods

Gel filtration (GF) techniques and sandwich fluoroimmunoassay were performed. The regions of сTnI and cTnT that are affected by heparin were investigated with a panel of anti-cTnI and anti-cTnT monoclonal antibodies, specific to different epitopes.

Results

Heparin was shown to bind to the human cardiac full-size ternary troponin complex (ITC-complex) and free cTnT, which increased their apparent molecular weights in GF studies. Heparin did not bind to the low molecular weight ITC-complex and to binary cTnI-troponin С complex. We did not detect any sites on cTnI in the ITC-complex that were specifically affected by heparin. In contrast, cTnT regions limited to approximately 69–99, 119–138 and 145–164 amino acid residues (aar) in the ITC-complex and a region that lies approximately between 236 and 255 aar of free cTnT were prone to heparin influence.

Conclusions

Heparin binds to the ITC-complex via cTnT, interacting with several sites on the N-terminal and/or central parts of the cTnT molecule, which might influence the immunodetection of analytes in human blood.
A system mapping activity to visualize lithium’s interconnectedness to societal and environmental aspects of the green energy transition
Authors: Delaney Seamus , Donnelly Scott , Rochette Emily , Orgill MaryKay
Published: May 2024

Lithium’s role in the global green energy transition provides an engaging context to visualize the interconnectedness of chemistry to seismic shifts taking place in society. Lithium has seen a dramatic increase in utilization, but given lithium’s current low rates of recyclability, this development is exacerbating the e-waste problem. Equally important, we posit that lithium extraction, from either brine or ore, and the associated impacts on the environment and local communities should not be so easily decoupled from the shift in human behaviors causing its demand. Presented here is a mapping activity that was trialed in professional learning workshops organized in New Zealand for secondary/high school chemistry teachers. In their mapping activity response, the teachers were able to connect typical school chemistry content (batteries, chemical processes) with environmental (planetary systems) and social, economic, and ethical considerations (useful products, unintended consequences, inequity in access to water) of the ongoing electrification of society. The teachers indicated a positive intention to utilize the activity, or one similar with a different chemical process or product, in their own classrooms. A school-ready version of the activity is provided in the supplementary information, which was revised based on feedback from the teachers attending the workshops.
Hunger Games Search for the elucidation of gravity anomalies with application to geothermal energy investigations and volcanic activity studies
Authors: Su Kejia , Ai Hanbing , Alvandi Ahmad , Lyu Chuan , Wei Xin , Qin Zhen , Tu Yong , Yan Yongjie , Nie Tao
Published: May 2024

Recent metaheuristic approaches are extensively and intensively being implemented to the interpretation of gravity anomalies due to their superior advantages. We emphasize the application of Hunger Games Search (HGS), a newly established metaheuristic inspired by hunger-driven instincts and behavioral choices of animals, to elucidate gravity data for geothermal energy exploration and volcanic activity study. After recognizing the modal features of the objective function tailored and tuning the algorithm control parameters involved, HGS has been trial-tested on simulated data sets of different scenarios and finally experienced in two field cases from India and Japan. Notably, a second moving average strategy has been successfully integrated into the objective function to eradicate the regional component from observed responses. Post-inversion uncertainty appraisal tests have been further implemented to comprehend the reliability of solutions obtained. The solutions retrieved by HGS have been unbiasedly compared in terms of convergence rate, accuracy, stability, and robustness with the solutions of the commonly used particle swarm optimization algorithm. Based on the results accessed, the theoretical and field cases presented could be recuperated more precisely, stably, robustly, and coherently with the available geophysical, geological, and borehole verification, as HGS is able to better explore the model space without compromising its capability to efficiently approach the global minimum. This novel global optimization method can thus be considered as a promising tool in geothermal energy investigations and the study of volcanic activities.
Augmented future: tracing the trajectory of location-based augmented reality gaming for the next ten years
Authors: Laato Samuli , Söbke Heinrich , Baer Manuel F.
Published: May 2024

Location-based games are a highly technology-dependent game genre that has witnessed an exponential increase in popularity with the democratisation of smartphones as well as ubiquitous mobile data and access to satellite navigation. Moving forward into the future, location-based games can be expected to evolve as the technologies underlying the genre improve. In this conceptual work, we review the current state of the art in location-based games, and identify key trajectories and trends. We discovered 12 trends, based on which we jump ten years into the future and evaluate how current technology trends may end up influencing location-based gaming. For example, we propose that in the year 2035 through improvements in map data services and sensor data coverage, we will see locative games that are increasingly connected to elements in the physical world. We also expect to see gameplay that moves away from solely taking place on a smartphone screen to the adoption of multiple forms of interactions with location-based game worlds, especially as head-mounted displays and other wearables become more commonplace.
Preparation of solution blow spinning nanofibers and its application in the food field: a review
Authors: Li Lianye , Li Wenbo , Sun Wuliang , Dong Yue , Jia Lu , Sun Wenxiu
Published: May 2024

Solution blow spinning is a technology that uses high-pressure gas to prepare spinning solution into nanofibers. It has the advantages of high production efficiency and easy operation, and the prepared nanofibers have a large specific surface area, high porosity, and flexible surface functionalization. Therefore, solution blow spinning has received more and more attention in the food field. This paper first introduces the principle of solution blow spinning, the influence of spinning liquid properties, process parameters, and environmental factors on the spinning process. Secondly, it introduces the materials and ways of applying solution blow-spun nanofibers in the food field, such as bacteriostatic food packaging, slow-release food packaging, and intelligent sensors. Finally, the application of solution blow spinning technology in food is summarized and prospected. This paper provides a reference for further research and application of solution blow spinning in the food field at a later stage.
Occurrence and temporal activity pattern of Burmese Red Serow (Capricornis rubidus, Bovidae) in Baraiyadhala National Park, Bangladesh: insights from a camera trapping study
Authors: Hasan Md. Kamrul , Datta Ashis Kumar
Published: May 2024

No single studies on the Burmese Red Serows, a little known bovid to date yet considered as nationally endangered species, have been conducted in Bangladesh. As part of a systematic wildlife inventory and monitoring project, this study utilized 48 camera traps to elucidate their occurrence, activity pattern and possible sympatric association with other artiodactyls species inhabiting Baraiyadhala National Park. The study found 25 independent serow events with relative abundance index (RAI) of 0.89. The number of individuals seems low, but this is by far the country’s stronghold population. The Red Serows are mostly nocturnal and showed moderate temporal activity with barking dear (∆1 = 0.59) and wild boar (∆1 = 0.62) in this area. Anthropogenic pressures due to tourists (RAI = 4.8) and poachers (RAI = 1.7) were highly evident and must have negative impact on overall wildlife of the national park. The study suggests similar studies in adjacent protected area (Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary), habitat protection and restoration program, and awareness raising program targeting forest dependent communities for long term conservation of this species.
A multidisciplinary approach unveils the distribution of the Alpine long-eared bat Plecotus macrobullaris (Vespertilionidae) in Italy
Authors: Mori Emiliano , Baratti Mariella , Viviano Andrea , Dondini Gianna , Vergari Simone , Patriarca Elena , Debernardi Paolo , Spada Martina , Vergari Sebastiano , Ancillotto Leonardo
Published: May 2024

Genetic techniques have allowed to identify a number of cryptic species of bats and to better define their distribution ranges and conservation status. Long-eared bats Plecotus spp. occur throughout Eurasia and Africa, with a high number of morphologically similar species, often occurring in sympatry. Therefore, disentangling the distribution of one species from another may be challenging. Italy represents a diversity hotspot for long-eared bats in Europe, hosting six species belonging to the genus Plecotus. In this study we report on both published and unpublished investigations on the Alpine long-eared bat Plecotus macrobullaris by integrating field and molecular methods, as well as opportunistic verified records from citizen scientists (i.e., individuals showing the diagnostic triangular chin pad in photos), to redefine the distribution of this species in Italy. We retrieved a total of 149 published records and 16 new confirmed records, namely 7 from iNaturalist, 6 from Facebook and 3 from molecular analyses. In Italy, the species occurs throughout the Alpine and Pre-Alpine chain, as well as in close proximity to the sea, and in Northeastern plains. Based on new records, we proved that it occurs also in other areas, including the Northern Apennine ridge. Our findings call for the application of an integrated approach in investigating cryptic species, that provides valuable data to support conservation assessments and the establishment of proper protection measures for poorly known species.
Elevation of D-dimer in eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the absence of venous thrombosis: A case series and literature review
Authors: Song Yang , Yang Boyu , Ren Wanlei , Hu Doudou
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are rare and heterogeneous diseases characterized by excessive eosinophilic infiltration of the digestive system. D-dimer levels and its possible association with disease course were not reported.

Case series

We reported a series of three EGID cases presenting with high levels of D-dimer. No evidence for potential venous thromboembolism was found through computed tomography pulmonary angiogram and vascular ultrasounds. Moreover, D-dimer levels decreased after short-time systemic prednisolone administration, accompanied by remission of clinical symptoms and decrease of peripheral eosinophil counts and IgE levels.

Conclusion

Elevation of D-dimer in EGID may not represent thrombotic events but is possibly associated with disease severity. More population-based studies are needed to delineate the potential relationship among D-dimer, thrombosis, and inflammation in EGID.
Management of biofilm-associated infections in diabetic wounds – from bench to bedside
Authors: Bogadi Subhasri , Rao Pooja , KU Vasudha , Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan , Madhunapantula SubbaRao V. , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan , Satyanarayana Reddy Karri Veera Venkata , Aswathanarayan Jamuna Bai
Published: May 2024

Biofilms are complex bacterial colonies embedded in an extracellular matrix. These pose a major obstacle to wound healing and are noticeable in chronic wounds. It protects the bacteria from the host’s immune system and conventional antibiotic treatments. The biofilm’s protective matrix prevents essential nutrients and oxygen from diffusing into the surrounding healthy tissue. In addition, microbes living in biofilms naturally have increased resistance to antibiotics, which reduces the effectiveness of traditional therapies. As such, biofilms serve as persistent reservoirs of infection, which further disrupts the normal course of wound healing. In this review, the current formulation strategies such as hydrogels, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanofibers that are used in wound healing to counteract biofilms have been comprehensively discussed. The formulations have been meticulously designed and developed to disturb the biofilm matrix, prevent the growth of microorganisms, and increase the potency of antimicrobials and antibiotics. The mechanism of action, advantages and limitations associated with the existing formulation strategies have been reviewed. The formulation strategies that have been translated into clinical applications and patented are also discussed in this paper.
Nitrogen leaching mitigation by tithonia biochar (Tithochar) in urea fertilizer treated sandy soil
Authors: Oyeyiola Yetunde Bunmi , Lewu Francis Bayo , Opeolu Beatrice Olutoyin
Published: May 2024

Nitrogenous fertilizer drift from farmlands accelerates nitrogen loads in groundwaters. Biochar potential to mitigate nitrogen leaching in urea treated sandy soil was monitored in a four weeks screenhouse leaching column experiment. The trial was a factorial combination of two biochar types (B1 and B2 applied at 5 t/ha) and two urea treatments (with urea at 120 kg/ha and without urea) laid in completely randomized design with three replications. Control that received neither urea nor biochar was compared. Four weekly leaching events were conducted in each leaching column containing 300 g soil amended with appropriate treatments. Amaranthus hybridus was the test crop. The NH4-N and NO3-N leached were generally highest during the week 2 leaching event such that total NO3-N leached was 427.3 % higher than total NH4-N leached with highest contributions from sole urea treatment. Biochar pretreatment reduced total N leached by 9.5 (B1) and 26.8 % (B2) relative to sole urea. Percentage of N added lost to leaching was highest (34.1 %) in sole urea treatment with B1 and B2 pretreatment reducing the value by 54.5 and 46.9 % respectively. Correlation analysis revealed electrical conductivity of the leachate and soil as dominant indicators for N leached in the soil studied.
Electrodeposition behaviour of samarium in 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidone solvent
Authors: Andrew Chrysanthus , Mani Jayakumar
Published: May 2024

The present study investigates the electrochemistry spectroscopy of Sm(III), and electrodeposition of samarium metal in neutral ligand-based ionic liquid (solvate ionic liquid). Mixture consisted of a samarium precursor (either samarium triflate or samarium nitrate hexahydrate) in the solvate ionic liquid, 1.3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidone (DMI). FT-IR analysis of Sm(III)-DMI electrolytes indicates that Sm3+ ion coordinates with DMI through carbonyl group (C=O); the band splits into two with emergence of new peak at 1630 cm−1 and 1649 cm−1 for the triflate and nitrate solutions, respectively. Raman spectroscopy also confirms the solvation of Sm(III) with DMI through oxygen atom of the carbonyl group. Voltametric behaviour of Sm(III) ion indicates two-step reduction mechanism via Sm(III)/Sm(II) at ca. −2.0 V and Sm(II)/Sm(0) at ca. −3.0 V vs. Ag/Ag+ for both samarium(III)-containing electrolytes. Diffusion coefficient value of Sm(III) was determined to be 2.185 × 10−6 cm2/s and 2.418 × 10−8 cm2/s for triflate and nitrate electrolytes, respectively. Electrodeposition of samarium was achieved through constant potential electrolysis using copper substrate as the working electrode which yielded compact deposits from triflate-DMI and non-uniform granular deposit from nitrate-DMI electrolyte. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the as-deposited samples revealed the presence of metallic Sm (1081 eV) co-existing with its oxide form (1083 eV).
Enhancing performance: insights into the augmentation potential of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/boron nitride composites
Authors: Baby Bindhu , Pitchaikutty Asha , Priya Sahariya , Kadaikunnan Shine , Khaled Jamal M. , Han Sung Soo
Published: May 2024

This work aims to investigate the morphological, mechanical and thermal characteristics of boron nitride (BN)-reinforced acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS) composites. ABS and ABS/BN composites with a maximum BN loading up to 8 wt% were developed using two-roll mill followed by compression molding. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images presented interlinking of BN flakes in the dimple texture of ABS. A modest decrease in tensile properties was observed for the composites. The tensile strength and impact strength for the ABS/BN8 specimen were lowered by 4.7 and 81.7 %, respectively. On the other hand, hardness increased by 3.39 % for ABS/BN8 composite. The interaction effect of BN in the ABS matrix on the thermal properties was assessed using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). An enhancement in the thermal-stability was observed for BN incorporated ABS. There is a modest shift in glass transition (T
g) temperature to a higher value for the ABS/BN composites.
Southbound transmission of metallurgy: new excavations at Jicha in the Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan
Authors: Fu Jie , Li Yuniu , Hu Changcheng , Pan Gaoyuan , Yang Xiuyun , He Qionghui , Higham Charles , Li Yingfu
Published: May 2024

Jicha is a Bronze Age settlement located next to the upper Mekong River in the Hengduan Mountains of Yunnan, south-west China. Recent excavations have revealed details of successive occupation and copper-base industrial activity. The site's position and chronology provide evidence of north–south demographic movement and technological transmission along the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau corridor.
Concept Creep of Collective Narcissism
Authors: Holtzman Nicholas S. , Chopik William J. , Boyer Ty W. , Konrath Sara H.
Published: May 2024

Collective narcissism refers to overvaluing the group with which one identifies. In a widely circulated and attention-grabbing paper, Putnam and colleagues (2018) measured collective narcissism by asking people how much their state in the U.S.A. contributed to the nation’s history. This led to some media reports proclaiming that the U.S.A. is “a nation of narcissists.” We demonstrated here (valid N = 539) that Putnam’s operationalization of collective narcissism had a small correlation (r = .18) with a traditional individual difference measure of collective narcissism, falling short of typical benchmarks for convergent validity. These results call into question whether collective narcissism can be measured as Putnam did. In the end, this empirical investigation has implications for “concept creep.” Measures that lack convergent validity but use the same label (in this case, “collective narcissism”) not only create confusion, but also increase the chances of unfounded yet highly publicized claims. In this case, the meaning of the new measure does not adequately reflect the meaning of the original construct—implicating concept creep of collective narcissism.
When and How to Deviate From a Preregistration
Authors: Lakens Daniël
Published: May 2024

As the practice of preregistration becomes more common, researchers need guidance in how to report deviations from their preregistered statistical analysis plan. A principled approach to the use of preregistration should not treat all deviations as problematic. Deviations from a preregistered analysis plan can both reduce and increase the severity of a test, as well as increase the validity of inferences. I provide examples of how researchers can present deviations from preregistrations and evaluate the consequences of the deviation when encountering 1) unforeseen events, 2) errors in the preregistration, 3) missing information, 4) violations of untested assumptions, and 5) falsification of auxiliary hypotheses. The current manuscript aims to provide a principled approach to deciding when to deviate from a preregistration and how to report deviations from an error-statistical philosophy grounded in methodological falsificationism. The goal is to help researchers reflect on the consequence of deviations from preregistrations by evaluating the test’s severity and the validity of the inference.
Facile hydrothermal synthesis of a multifunctional copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) nanoparticle-coated sepiolite fiber composite: structural characterization and photocatalytic properties
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand 73000, Boonkam M. , Tamdee P. ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand 73000, Tongying P. ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand 73000
Published: May 2024

This work presents a facile hydrothermal synthesis method for fabricating a multifunctional composite of copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) nanoparticles coated onto sepiolite fibers. Morphological analysis confirms the firm attachment of approximately 10 nm CZTS nanoparticles onto the sepiolite surface. Elemental analysis verifies the presence of constituent elements from both CZTS and sepiolite, with a slight deficiency in Cu and an abundance of Zn observed. The compositional formula of CZTS in the composite is estimated as Cu1.93Zn1.05Sn0.98S4.04. Notably, the material exhibits a narrow band gap of 1.5 eV, enabling effective utilization of the entire visible light spectrum, making it promising for photocatalytic applications. BET nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements reveal a substantial surface area of approximately 85.720 m2 /g, confirming the composite’s versatility and applicability, particularly in photocatalysis and adsorption processes. Additionally, X-ray diffraction analysis indicates reflections consistent with the crystal structures of kasterite CZTS and sepiolite, further confirming the composite’s composition. The multifunctional CZTS/Sepiolite composite demonstrates exceptional potential for simultaneous photocatalytic degradation and adsorption of organic pollutants, presenting a promising avenue for sustainable water treatment applications.
Glass transition and crystallization of Se95Te5 chalcogenide glassy semiconductor
Authors:   Institute of Physics, Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, 1143, Azerbaijan, Atayeva S. U. , Isayev A. I. ,   Institute of Physics, Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, 1143, Azerbaijan, Mekhtiyeva S. I. ,   Institute of Physics, Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, 1143, Azerbaijan, Garibova S. N. ,   Institute of Physics, Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, 1143, Azerbaijan, Alekberov R. I. ,   Institute of Physics, Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, 1143, Azerbaijan, Mammadov F. N. ,   Socar Midstream Operations LLC, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: May 2024

The study is dedicated to the investigation of thermo-physical characteristics of Se95Te5 chalcogenide glassy semiconductor during its glass formation and crystallization processes, employing various scanning rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 K/min in non-isothermal modes through DSC measurement. Analysis of the structural relaxation kinetics involves the Kissinger’s, Augis and Bennett's, as well as Matusita’s approaches. Experimental data yield contains the determination of crucial parameters such as glass transition (𝑇𝑇𝑔𝑔), crystallization(𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐), and melting temperatures alongside factors like reduced temperature of glass transition (𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟), Hruby’s parameter (𝐾𝐾𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔), fragility index (𝐹𝐹𝑖𝑖), Avrami exponents (n, m), glass transition (140.24 kJ/mol) and crystallization (Ec = 95.11 kJ/mol) energies, respectively. The results confirm that Se95Te5 chalcogenide system as an efficient glass former. Matusita’s method reveals that the crystallization mechanism (n = 2.51, m = 1.9) corresponds to volumetric nucleation with two-dimensional growth.
Exploring of Be1-xCrxSe alloys for spintronics and optoelectronic applications
Authors:   Spin-Optoelectronics and Ferro-Thermoelectric (SOFT) Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Ambreen H. , Saleem S. ,   Spin-Optoelectronics and Ferro-Thermoelectric (SOFT) Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Aldaghfag S. A. ,   Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia, Zahid M. ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Noreen S. ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Ishfaq M. ,   Spin-Optoelectronics and Ferro-Thermoelectric (SOFT) Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Yaseen M. ,   Spin-Optoelectronics and Ferro-Thermoelectric (SOFT) Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Published: May 2024

In this study, spin polarized density functional theory (DFT) is implemented to predict physical characteristic of Be1-xCrxSe (x = 6.25%, 12.5%, 18.75%, 25%) compound. The electronic characteristics of pure BeSe compound show semiconductor behavior but after Cr doping BeSe elucidate half-metallic ferromagnetism (HMF) for all doping concentrations. The outcomes elucidate the total magnetic moment MTot per Cr-atom are 4.0028, 4.0027, 4.0021 and 4.0002 μB for 6.25%, 12.5%, 18.75%, 25% concentrations, respectively and the magnetism mainly originated from d-state of the impurity atom which is further ensured from the magnetic spin density. Furthermore, the optical parameters are also computed to determine the effect of doping on the material’s response to incident light of energy spanning from 0 to 10 eV. The optical study depict that the studied systems possess maximum absorbance and optical conductivity in UV-range with minimal reflection. The overall outcomes illustrate that the Cr doped beryllium selenide (BeSe) is promising material for spintronic and optoelectronic devices.