bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFIKASI ASAP CAIR DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) DALAM PENEKANAN PERKEMBANGAN JAMUR ASPERGILLUS NIGER
Authors: Oramahi Hasan Ashari , Diba Farah , Wahdina Wahdina
Published: January 2021

The efficacy of liquid smoke from oilpalm empty fruit bunch in suppressing the development of fungus. Fungi that have been grown on maize seed were Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Aspergillus sp. From those species, A. niger is important species because of its toxigenic characteristic on agricultural product. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of oilpalm empty fruit bunch liquid smoke in suppressing the development of the fungus. This research was conducted in several steps i.e. pyrolisis of liquid smoke, analysis of liquid smoke content, and efficacy test of liquid smoke as antifungal. Agar media used was PDA (potato dextrose agar) and concentration of liquid smoke was 0, 1, 2, and 3% (v/v). The results indicated that the liquid smoke inhibited the fungal growth. The highest result was on liquid smoke with temperature pyrolisis of 400 and 450oC and concentration 3% with average value of 100%. The contents of organic fraction of liquid smoke, such as acid and phenol might be responsible for the difference in antifungal activities among this liquid smoke.
KETAHANAN DUA PULUH SATU VARIETAS PADI TERHADAP PENYAKIT HAWAR DAUN BAKTERI
Authors: Djatmiko Heru Adi , Fatichin Fatichin
Published: January 2021

Resistance of twentyone rice varieties to Bacterial Leaf Blight.  Bacterial leaf blight is one of the most important diseases of rice plants.  Resistant Variety is one of safe, effective, and environment friendly alternative controls to suppress the bacterial leaf blight on rice.  The objectives of this research were to find the most resistant varieties against bacterial leaf blight, and to study the yield of inoculated rice varieties. The research was carried out experimentally. This experiment was arranged in Randomized completely block design with 22 treatments and three replicates. Varieties of IR64 as control for susceptible varieties. Observed Variables were incubation period, disease intensity, seed weight per panicle, and seed weight per hills.  The result of this research showed that variety IR 70 was the most resistant variety to bacterial leaf blight. Variety having highest yield was Rojolele with seed weight per hill was 31.17 g.
Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Pembelajaran Online Mata Pelajaran Matematika di MAN 1 Lampung Selatan
Authors: Fatimah Clara , Puspaningtyas Nicky Dwi
Published: January 2021

To reduce the spread of Covid-19 which is increasingly spreading, the government is conducting a Study From Home program or learning from home which is carried out online by the Ministry of Education and Culture's circular letter Number 4 of 2020 on March 24, 2020, which contains about the Implementation of Education Policies in an Emergency in Spread Covid-19. The purpose of this study is to collect and allocate impacts arising from the spread of Covid-19 on online learning, especially in mathematics in MAN 1 Lampung Selatan. The method used is descriptive qualitative by selecting subjects as many as 28 students using the Quota Sampling technique. Data collection was done by distributing questionnaires and interviews. Based on the calculation of indicator achievement, it was found that 68% of MAN 1 Lampung Selatan students felt the impact of Covid-19 on online mathematics learning, 67% of school services on online learning, while the constraints in online mathematics learning were 61% with an average calculation of indicator achievement of 65 %. This shows that the spread of Covid-19 has an impact and causes difficulties in the online mathematics learning process.
Teachers’ attitudes towards e-teaching during COVID-19
Authors: Amram Miri Ben , Davidovitch Nitza
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the current study is to examine whether “learning by Zoom” or e-learning was a short-term temporary solution or whether there is a real chance that distance teaching and learning will become a teaching technique in the post-COVID era.. What is teachers’ personal preference for e-learning with regard to interpersonal interaction with the students, the benefits of e-learning for students, as well as interest, order, organization, and clarity in teaching. Moreover, the effectiveness of e-teaching was examined from a multicultural perspective – at schools in Israel, the hi-tech state, and in Belarus, where the culture of the book is a major symbol. We explored the perceptions of teachers in Israel and in Belarus on four measures: personal preferences, advantages and disadvantages for teaching and learning, measures of good teaching, and interpersonal interactions between the teacher, the students, and the faculty. E-teaching is not an alternative for traditional education but does generate a new reality that facilitates great improvements and advantages but produces new challenges for the educational system.
THE REWARD OF WORSHIP IN RAMADHAN DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Inam Akhsanul , Rayungsari Maya
Published: January 2021

This research aims at analyzing the rewards obtained from carrying out worship in Ramadhan during the Covid-19 Pandemic Period. The research approach applied was qualitative with the type of library research.  The objects of the research were prayer, reading Al Qur’an and Al-Hadith. The Covid-19 pandemic period, according to the regulation issued by the government of Indonesia in the form of social distancing, gave great impacts on the implementation of worship during Ramadhan. The data were analyzed based on the stipulations and guidelines of implementing the worship, especially during Ramadhan, which had been analyzed using mathematical calculations. The research results showed that the reward of implementing worship during the Covid-19 pandemic period was tremendous either in quantitative or qualitative calculations. In addition, it focused on the quality, so that the results of this research can be utilized as a basis for improving the quality of worship. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis manfaat yang diperoleh dari melaksanakan ibadah di bulan Ramadhan selama Periode Pandemi Covid-19. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan. Objek penelitiannya adalah shalat, membaca Al-Qur'an dan Al-Hadits. Masa pandemi Covid-19, menurut aturan yang dikeluarkan pemerintah Indonesia berupa social distancing, berdampak besar pada penyelenggaraan ibadah selama Ramadhan. Data dianalisis berdasarkan ketentuan dan pedoman pelaksanaan ibadah khususnya pada bulan Ramadhan yang dianalisis menggunakan perhitungan matematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pahala melaksanakan ibadah selama periode pandemi Covid-19 sangat besar baik secara kuantitatif maupun kualitatif. Selain itu juga menitikberatkan pada kualitas, sehingga hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar untuk peningkatan kualitas ibadah.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA E-LEARNING BERBASIS EDMODO PADA MATERI TEOREMA PYTHAGORAS
Authors: Farman Farman , Chairuddin Chairuddin
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun dan memperoleh media e-learning berbasis edmodo pada materi pythagoras yang valid, praktis dan efektif bagi peserta didik kelas VIII SMP-TQ Muadz Bin Jabal Kendari. Pembelajaran matematika berbasis e-learning menggunakan edmodo dipilih sebagai media alternatif dalam meningkatkan minat dan hasil belajar pada materi pythagoras. Pengembangan e-learning ini dikembangkan dengan model ADDIE yang terdiri atas beberapa langkah, yaitu: (1) analysis (2) design (3) development, (4) implementation dan (5) evaluation. Subyek uji coba dalam penelitian pengembangan ini adalah peserta didik Kelas VIII SMP Mu’adz Bin Jabal Kendari pada Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020 yang berjumlah 31 peserta didik.Uji kevalidan media pembelajaran digunakan lembar validasi dan untuk menguji keefektifan media pembelajaran digunakan angket respon peserta didik. Sedangkan uji keefektifan media pembelajaran digunakan tes hasil belajar materi teorema pythagoras. Berdasarkan penilaian oleh ahli dan pelaksanaan uji coba, diperoleh hasil bahwa media e-learning berbasis edmodo materi teorema Pythagoras memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis dan efektif. E-learning berbasis edmodo dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan minat dan memfasilitasi pembelajaran interaktif yang mendukung pemahaman peserta didik SMP Kelas VIII pada materi Pythagoras.  Abstract This study aims to compile and obtain edmodo-based e-learning media on pythagorean material which is valid, practical, and effective for grade VIII students of SMP-TQ Muadz Bin Jabal Kendari. E-learning based mathematics learning using edmodo was chosen as an alternative media in increasing interest and learning outcomes of Pythagorean material. This e-learning development is developed with the ADDIE model, which consists of several steps, namely: (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. The subjects in this development research were 31 students of grade VIII SMP Mu'adz Bin Jabal Kendari in the 2019/2020 academic year. The learning media's validity test used a validation sheet, and to test the effectiveness used student response questionnaire. At the same time, the test of the learning media's effectiveness used the learning outcomes test of the Pythagorean theorem. The experts' assessment and the implementation of trials found that the mathematics learning media of the Edmodo-based Pythagorean theorem met the valid, practical, and effective criteria. Edmodo-based e-learning can be used to increase interest and facilitate interactive learning that supports the understanding of grade VIII junior high school students on the pythagorean theorem material.
Social Effects of Agglomeration. An Assessment of Intraregional Disparities in the South of Russia
Authors: MIKHAYLOVA Anna , GOROCHNAYA Vasilisa
Published: January 2021

The growth of cities against the background of transport infrastructure development has led to the formation of urban agglomerations as systems of interconnected cities. Rural areas are the foundation for the growth of new actively developing urban spatial systems and become donors of labour resources. The redistribution of population between the city and the country entails a number of social effects. This study aims to assess the impact of agglomeration processes on the social sphere of municipalities in the region. The main focus of the study is the dynamically developing monocentric agglomeration in the south of Russia – the Rostov agglomeration. The methodological approach is based on assessing the gaps between different types of municipalities depending on their territorial location relative to the agglomeration centre presented in four groups of social indicators: urbanization, labour mobility, housing, and quality of life. The Agglomeration Social Impact Index was calculated. We learned there is significant heterogeneity in the level of social development among different types of municipalities. The decisive effect on social gaps is exerted by three factors: agglomeration, urbanization, transport and logistics. The most favourable living conditions are found in the municipalities located in the immediate vicinity of the agglomeration core.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Dedak Fermentasi Terhadap Kandungan Bahan Kering dan Bahan Organik Silase Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum Purpureum)
Authors: Azizah Nisa Husnul , Ayuningsih Budi , Susilawati Iin
Published: January 2021

Silase merupakan teknologi pengawetan hijauan dengan cara anaerob.  Dedak fermentasi dapat digunakan sebagai starter dalam pembuatan silase yang bertujuan untuk mempercepat proses fermentasi.  Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan dedak fermentasi terhadap kandungan bahan kering dan bahan organik silase rumput gajah.  Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2019 - Januari 2020 di kelompok ternak Mekar Jaya, Dusun Cikangkung RT 01 RW 03, Desa Cikembulan, Kecamatan Sidamulih, Kabupaten Pangandaran dan analisis laboratorium dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Nutrisi Ternak Ruminansia dan Kimia Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran di Jatinangor Sumedang. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental serta rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan.  Perlakuan terdiri atas P1 (1% dedak fermentasi), P2 (3% dedak fermentasi) dan P3 (5% dedak fermentasi). Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Varian (ANOVA).  Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak nyata (P> 0,05) mempengaruhi kandungan bahan kering dan bahan organik silase rumput gajah.
OBAT PENAWAR DAN PENYAKIT DI SAYAP LALAT (INTEGRASI-INTERKONEKTIF HADIS DENGAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN)
Authors: Arifin Muhammad Patri
Published: January 2021

This article is a library research which aims to reveal the interconnectivity of hadith with science, with the hadith about flies as a case in point. At least, there are 4 patterns of relationship between religion and science, namely conflict, independence, dialogue, or integration. Without reflecting on these 4 patterns, the principle of understanding religion will not be possible to do perfectly, because it is separate from the reality of human life. By using thematic methods and historical-sociological approaches to these hadiths, this article arrives at the findings that most of the microorganisms such as germs, viruses and microbes that are present in the body of flies can cause a number of diseases, but the micro development of living things on the fluids they inhabit can neutralized by submerging it. This proves that the discovery of science is in harmony and synergy with the hadith of the Prophet.
ÖZEL GEREKSINIMLI BIREYLERE YÖNELIK ÖĞRETMEN SOSYAL KABUL ÖLÇEĞI’NIN GELIŞTIRILMESI, GEÇERLIK VE GÜVENIRLIK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: AKTAN Osman
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırmada, öğretmenlerin özel gereksinimli bireylere ilişkin sosyal kabul düzeylerini ölçmeye ilişkin bir ölçme aracının geliştirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu dört ayrı grup olmak üzere toplam 930 öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada ölçeğin, kapsam ve yapı geçerliği için pilot uygulama yapılmış ve uzman görüşleri alınmıştır. Açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri sonucunda, 31 maddeli ve iki alt boyutlu bir ölçek yapısına ulaşılmıştır. Öğretmen Sosyal kabul Ölçeği ile alt boyutlarının güvenirliği; Cronbach Alfa, test tekrar test ve bileşik güvenirlik değerleri ile test edilmiştir. Ölçeği oluşturan maddelerin ayırtetme güçleri, alt ve üst grupların t-testi değerlerinin karşılaştırmaları yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Madde analizi sonuçlarına göre, ölçek formunda yer alan tüm maddelerin ayırt edici olduğu belirlenmiştir. Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi sonucunda, Öğretmen Sosyal Kabul Ölçeği’ni oluşturan 31 madde ve iki faktörlü model doğrulanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına dayanarak, Öğretmen Sosyal Kabul Ölçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir sonuçlar verdiği ve özel gereksinimli bireylere yönelik öğretmenlerin sosyal kabul düzeylerini ölçmek amacıyla kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Media Digital During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wicaksono Raden Mas Try Ananto Djoko
Published: January 2021

The research aims to analyze corporate social responsibility (CSR) on social media in PT Tip Top during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Social media usage in corporate social responsibility activities allows the creation of an interactive horizontal dialogue between the company and stakeholders. The research would find out how PT Tip Top Supermarket implements Corporate Social Responsibility on Social Media. The research uses qualitative research methods with a case study approach. The author uses ‘holistic single case’ design. This research uses three sources of evidence, including direct observation, document analysis, and literature review. This research indicates that the CSR program on online media at PT Tip Top leads to the concept of corporate social marketing.
The Sanak-Kadang Jodhipati: A New Form of Virtual Radio Listeners Community
Authors: Achmad Zainal Abidin , Arviani Heidy , Santoso Nobertus Ribut
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the shifting form of a community of cultural radio listeners, Sanak Kadang Jodhipati, from an off-line to a virtual community. Since adopting Facebook, YouTube, and audio streaming, Radio Jodhipati FM’s listeners have become part of a networked community. This study used a virtual ethnographic method, which allows researchers to conduct interviews and virtual searches from November 2019 to May 2020. The result shows that Sanak Kadang Jodhipati, as a social community, holds meetings in the Nganjuk Regency and other cities where Radio Jodhipati FM covers wayang kulit shows. As a virtual community, this community is more intensive in communicating through the WhatsApp group during the COVID-19 pandemic. The contents of the communication are not limited to discussing wayang kulit, gendhing, and other Javanese culture, it also addresses health, employment, legal, and political issues. Despite the diverse socioeconomic status, the members do not differentiate the form of communication, as fellow Javanese culture lovers.
ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS OF FILARIASIS IN KALEKE PUSKESMAS WORKING AREA AND BALUASE PUSKESMAS SIGI DISTRICT 2019
Authors: Christine Christine Christine
Published: January 2021

Sigi is a filariasis endemic district in Central Sulawesi. During 2013-2017, there were 81 cases, 11 people died, with the highest number of cases in Kaleke (16 cases) and Baluase (11 cases). Environmental factors affect the distribution and transmission. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of filariasis in the work area of Kaleke and Baluase Health Center. This was an observational study with case-control design. The sample size was 54 people (18 cases and 36 controls). Research variables were 1) individual factors (gender and occupation); 2) behavioral factors (the habit of going out at night, the habit of hanging clothes in the house, the use of mosquito nets, the use of mosquito repellent); 3) physical environmental factors (use of wire mesh and presence of standing water). Factors related to filariasis were the habit of going out at night (p-value = 0.017), Odds Ratio=5.179,h means that people with the habit of going out at night are 5.176 more at risk of developing filariasis than those who do not. Suggestions for the community: 1) using mosquito repellent, long sleeve clothes and pants to reduce contact with mosquitoes; 2) keep the environment clean to prevent mosquito breeding and resting places.
Trends and Development Prospects of Ayagoz District of East Kazakhstan Oblast in the Conditions of Transformation of the Region’s Economy
Authors: Nyussupova Gulnara , Uvarov Vladimir , Kadylbekov Madiyar , Aidarkhanova Gaukhar , Stepanov Anatoly , Burnasov Alexander
Published: January 2021

Industrial development is the most important task for the economy of Kazakhstan. In 2010, a course was taken to diversify the economy. In 2010–2014 implemented was The State program of forced industrial and innovative development. Today, the implementation of the second five-year industrialisation period is nearing its completion. The aim and tasks of research is to conduct a comprehensive description of the impact of the Aktogay mining and processing complex on the components of the socio-economic development of the region. To achieve this goal, the following tasks must be completed: analyse the state of socio-economic processes in the Ayagoz district of the East Kazakhstan oblast for the study period; describe the impact of the Aktogay mining and processing complex on the current state of socio-economic development of the East Kazakhstan oblast. In the framework of the State program of forced industrial and innovative development of the country in 2010–2014 a total number of 162 projects were implemented with a total investment of 41.9 billion dollars. One of the “breakthrough projects” is the construction of the Aktogay mining and processing complex in the East Kazakhstan oblast. The construction of the Aktogay MPC contributes to: the development of the economy of the Ayagoz district of East Kazakhstan oblast; increase of the potential of mining industry of Kazakhstan through the introduction of new technologies that are used in extraction and processing of ore, as well as in the production of the final product. The article analyses the state of socio-economic development of the Ayagoz district and East Kazakhstan oblast before and at the operation of the Aktogay MPC. Indicators were selected by social and economic blocs for 2009–2018. Taking into account the particular location of the Aktogay MPC, criteria were selected for each component of the socio-economic environment that reflect both the positive and negative residual effects of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises. The significance of positive and negative impacts for each component was evaluated using statistical data on socio-economic indicators. For analysing the social environment of East Kazakhstan oblast, indicators were the measures of favourable or unfavourable activities in meeting the social needs of the population of the region. For analysing the economic development of the region, the indicators are a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the enterprise for the economy of the region.
Społeczna odpowiedzialność spółek zarządzających polskimi specjalnymi strefami ekonomicznymi
Authors: Kozaczka Marian
Published: January 2021

W Polsce istnieje 14 specjalnych stref ekonomicznych, wydzielonych terenów, na których działalność gospodarcza jest prowadzona na preferencyjnych warunkach. Strefy podzielone są na podstrefy i rejony inwestycyjne, które mają pozyskiwać inwestorów krajowych i zagranicznych, wpływać na rynki pracy, wspierać eksport, pobudzać do aktywności lokalne społeczności, podmioty gospodarcze, instytucje. Polskie specjalne strefy ekonomiczne zarządzane są przez spółki z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością lub spółki akcyjne, w których Skarb Państwa posiada większość głosów. Taki system zarządzania pozwala na zachowanie kontroli państwa nad strefami i kierunkami ich rozwoju oraz na szybkie wdrażanie na ich terenie projektów inwestycyjnych. Artykuł ma na celu określenie efektów finansowych spółek zarządzających polskimi specjalnymi strefami ekonomicznymi, ich wkładu w rozwój społecznej odpowiedzialności, uzyskanie odpowiedzi na pytania: czy istnieje relacja pomiędzy zyskami spółek zarządzających a poziomem ich społecznej odpowiedzialności, jakie inne czynniki wpływają na ich zaangażowanie w społeczną odpowiedzialność. W pracy zastosowano metodę analizy dokumentów. Jej wyniki potwierdzają wzrastający udział spółek zarządzających strefami ekonomicznymi w odbudowie i rozwoju szkolnictwa zawodowego, w organizowaniu i finansowaniu konkursów, festiwali, tworzeniu systemów stypendialnych dla uczniów szkół średnich, studentów. Największy wkład w kształtowanie społecznej odpowiedzialności miały spółki z dużymi kapitałami, wysokimi zyskami, zarządzające największymi strefami ekonomicznymi.
Possibilities for Developing Beer Routes in Slovakia
Authors: Krogmann Alfred , Mróz Franciszek , Nemčíková Magdaléna , Dvořáková Líšková Zuzana , Dubcová Alena , Oremusová Daša
Published: January 2021

The last 30 years of brewing history in Slovakia were the most turbulent ones. They were influenced by the liquidation of some beer production as well as privatization, integration and acquisitions of global beer producers. As a reaction to the uniform taste of beer produced by the global producers, numerous small craft breweries emerged in Slovakia trying to return the specific beer taste to the regions. Their importance may also be involved in the development of popular beer tourism through beer routes in addition to the fragmentation of the Slovak brewing industry. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the potential of Slovakia for the development of beer routes. The examination and assessment of the possibilities of creating beer routes in Slovakia required considering the historical context first, and then establishing a database comprising the list of craft breweries in Slovakia and the list of places where beer festivals are organised. Correspondence with the President of the Association of Small Independent Slovak Breweries was used for this purpose. Such a database was then verified, supplemented and compared to the database developed by our team based on information from field research, telephone interviews with thirty representatives of breweries, and an analysis of websites of Slovak breweries. The database was further transformed into space, using a map of isolines (equidistant) expressing the mutual distance of the craft breweries. In compiling the results, dynamic-comparative methods and cartographic presentation methods were also used. All together, we identified 70 craft breweries and proposed three beer routes thanks to their spatial distribution.
Przemysł hutniczy lat 1990–2020 w Europie
Authors: Wilczyński Piotr
Published: January 2021

Hutnictwo uchodzi od czasów rewolucji przemysłowej za strategiczną gałąź przemysłu. Gospodarka narodowa ani przemysł zbrojeniowy żadnego państwa nie może się rozwijać bez zabezpieczenia dostaw stali i innych półproduktów metalowych. Ucierpiałoby na tym budownictwo, transport, rozwój infrastruktury i różnych usług oraz odrębnych gałęzi przemysłu. Dlatego z racji powyższej, niniejszy artykuł ma na celu zbadanie rozmieszczenia i analizę zmian w hutnictwie w trzech dekadach 1990–2020, w których mieliśmy do czynienia z upadkiem komunizmu i transformacją ustrojów gospodarczych państw byłego bloku wschodniego oraz kryzysem finansowym, a także największym rozwojem technologicznym w historii. Zgromadzone dane opatrzono wnioskami z nich płynącymi na podstawie porównania kartogramów przedstawiających produkcję hutniczą w ujęciu regionalnym. Badanie obejmuje Europę, bez Rosji i Turcji, i przedstawia wiele procesów towarzyszących: globalizacji, integracji gospodarczej poszczególnych regionów, rozwojowi technologicznemu, eksploatacji nowych złóż surowców, czy wygaszania starych zagłębi przemysłowych. Wybrano do analizy następujące produkty: stal i surówka żelaza, miedź hutnicza i rafinowana, ferrostopy, aluminium, cynk, ołów i nikiel. Artykuł zaopatrzony jest w szczegółowe ryciny przedstawiające rozmieszczenie największych hut w omawianym okresie, których analiza umożliwiła wysnucie wniosków, jaki był rozkład produkcji hutniczej.
Structural changes in the manufacturing sector as an effect of implementing the concept of Industry 4.0
Authors: Węgrzyn Grażyna
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify changes taking place in the employment structure within NACE ‘Section C – Manufacturing’ which accompany the implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept. The spatial scope of the analysis covers seven EU member states, i.e. Czechia, Germany, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, Romania and Hungary. The time range includes the years 2011–2018. All the new technologies that make up Industry 4.0 accelerate industrial transformation processes, additionally transforming the labour market, business management methods and the structure of the goods and services market. The main foundations of the Industry 4.0 concept include automation and robotics, which are increasingly implemented in new areas of life. The fastest-growing market is that for industrial robots which are used in enterprises more and more often and directly affect labour demand. Most industrial robots are used in the manufacturing of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers, excluding motorcycles (Division 29) with Germany and Czechia being leaders in their use. The analysis shows that an increase in robotisation reduces the demand for work for the young, and this only increased in countries that present a low robotisation rate and outdated manufacturing activity.
Fuzzy PID Gain Scheduling Controller for Networked Control System
Authors: Osama Ali Awad  , Isra'a Laith Salim
Published: January 2021

The use of a communication network in the closed loop control systems has many advantages such as remotely controlling equipment, low cost, easy to maintenance, efficient information transmission, etc. However, the Networked Control System (NCS) has many drawbacks, such as network-induce end-to-end time delay and packet loss, which lead to significant degradation in controller performance and may result in instability. Aiming at solving performance degradation in NCS, this paper propose to take the advantages and strength of the conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), Fuzzy Logic (FL), and Gain Scheduling (GS) fundamentals to design a Fuzzy-PID like-Gain Scheduling (F-PID-GS) control technique, which has been proved to be effective in obtaining better performance. The True Time toolbox is used to establish the simulation model of the NCS. Ethernet as a communication network is simulated for different load conditions and random packet loss. The design approach is tested on a second order stepper motor. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving the overall system performance.
Bibliographic Analysis on the Financing of Education Reform in Morocco
Authors: Zineb Azar  , Oussama Dardary  , Malika Tridane  , Said Benmokhtar  , Said Belaaouad
Published: January 2021

The National Charter for Education and Training in 1999 defined the principles, pillars and main objectives of the Moroccan education system, building on the various reforms of the early twenty-first century and the attempt to breathe new life into this reference document. Through partial and incremental changes, a total inability to tackle the root causes of the Moroccan education system and training has been revealed. This research has been conducted to answer the questions of education in the foreground national concerns and priorities in the discourse of the main political actors in Morocco that have been raised and remain interesting and can be expressed in the following question: Morocco still fails to meet the challenge of educational reform, although a large part of the state budget is allocated to this sector. Should we increase funding for education or rather improve its governance and focus on accountability?
Difficulties in Developing the Diagnostic Competence of Nursing Students At My Youssef Hospital in Casablanca: Descriptive Study
Authors: Of Science Iraqi Journal , Brahim Darraj  , Bouchra Gourja  , Abderrazak Faiq  , El Mostafa Tace  , Said Belaaouad
Published: January 2021

This descriptive research aims atidentifying the difficulties encountered by nursing students in the development of nursing diagnostic skills. The data collection was carried out using a direct questionnaire with 62 students in My Youssef’s hospital in Casablanca. The results of the study list a set of failures related to the training of nurses. This training focuses mainly on the acquisition of knowledge; it is not aimed to the development of the real skill.
The Policy of Integration in Developing The Skills of People with Special Needs Through A Professional Didactic Approach “Analytical Field Study on the Reality of Integrated Classes in Azrou City”
Authors: Siham Zain  , SoufianeZerraf  , Said Belaaouad  , Abderrahimkhyati
Published: January 2021

In view of the importance of the educational act, and the effective role played by the school in building the society on the basis of solidarity and equal opportunities, as well as the rehabilitation of emerging generations to exercise their rights and duties, as well as integration into the world of knowledge, communication and in different social and environmental circles[1]. The process of integrating special needs children, in regular or integrated classes within regular public schools or specialized rehabilitation educational centers, is of great importance to these groups of society, their families and society in general[2]. Based on the above, the research will start by answering the followingquestions:

How can the parents of children with special needs consider the educational process offered by the integrated classes? Can they have a different view of the fact that their children are being integrated? To what extent can educational performance of the integrated classes makes change on special needs children and their family environment? Where does the integration approach emerge through the educational process for special needs children?

This study was conducted in the integrated classes in Azrou city depending of Ifrane provincial direction (National Education Ministry) in each of the following institutions:

Imam Ali bin Abi TalibSchool

Abdel Karim El KhattabiSchool

Musa binNusairSchool

Education section of the regional compound for people in specialneeds.

In the period from September 2017 to February 2019 the study was conducted on a sample of special needs parents, as well as a sample of special needs children and on a sample of teachers working in the integrated classes.

in this research we have adopted a descriptive analytical approach because it fits the nature of the study, which is classified as part of exploratory studies, where it requires the collection of information and facts on the problem presented by type of special needs and the selection of different samples from parents and the teachers in the integrated classes and children in a difficult situation by conducting interviews based on technical forms,

The study showed that the integrated classes of Azrou city have changed the view for the parents about the integration of their children educationally in society according to several variables.
Natural and safe dyeing of curing clothing intended for patients with dermatoses
Authors: Schmidt-Przewoźna Katarzyna , Urbaniak Monika , Zimniewska Małgorzata , Brandys Anna , Banach Joanna , Gromek Marta , Mikołajczak Przemysław , Pawlaczyk Mariola , Krucińska Izabella , Frydrych Iwona , Komisarczyk Agnieszka , Cichocka Agnieszka , Herczyńska Lucyna , Kowalska Anna , Muzyczek Małgorzata , Romanowska Barbara
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The Institute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants has been carrying out complex research connected with application of natural dyes on knitted fabrics and fabrics. The paper presents the results of the part of the research conducted at the Institute, related to the Project BIOAKOD – Bioactive curing clothing based on natural fibers. Aim. The aim of the project’s task 3 was to develop organic cotton and knitted linen dyeing technology using the extracts obtained from plants. Material and methods. Plant extracts depending on the content of active substances and their precious ingredients they can have the following properties: medicinal, soothing, moistening, anti-inflammatory, regenerative, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant and protection against UV radiation. Several plants were tested during the project realization. Finally, were obtained the extracts from the following plants: Madder Rubia tinctorium L., Dyer’s greenweed Genista tinctoria L, Weld Reseda luteola L., Dyer's coreopsis Coreopsis tinctoria L., Oak Gall Quercus infectoria Oliv, Chebulic Myrobalan Terminalia chebula L. Results. In the final phase the 9 colours were chosen. The dyeing was performed in semi-industrial conditions in the factory Marko-Kolor. The registered patent is also the effect of this project grant. Conclusions. The interesting range of colours was achieved, and tested extracts showed healing properties.
Porównanie aktywności wyciągów z liści Passiflora alata, P. caerulea i P. incarnata wobec wybranych drobnoustrojów klinicznych
Authors: Ożarowski Marcin , Kędzia Bogdan , Kania-Dobrowolska Małgorzata , Baraniak Justyna , Gryszczyńska Agnieszka , Opala Bogna , Pietrowiak Aurelia , Bogacz Anna , Mikołajczak Przemysław Ł. , Thiem Barbara , Hołderna-Kędzia Elżbieta
Published: January 2021

Introduction. In recent years, researchers have shown increasing interest in species of the Passiflora genus due to their potential biological and pharmacological properties. These species are an agronomically important crops and are used commercially in the fruit industry of South America. During of collection of fruits from cultivated plants, the leaves are removed. This plant material may be used for medicinal purposes. Our previous studies showed that crude extracts from leaves of P. alata, P. caerulea and P. incarnata contained various secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids. Moreover extract of P. alata showed the most effective activities against Acanthamoeba castellanii strain in vitro. Aim. The aim of our study was to evaluate and to compare the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the crude alcoholic extracts from leaf of P. alata, P. caerulea and P. incarnata. Material and methods. There was measurement of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), and the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the extracts by serial dilution method. Results. The results showed that the most active extracts against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 8040) were as follows from: P. incarnata = P. alata (MIC = 10.0 mg/ml, MBC >10.0 mg/ml) > P. caerulea (MIC = 10.0 mg/ml, MBC > 20.0 mg/ml); against Escherichia coli (PZH 026B6): P. incarnata (MIC = 10.0 mg/ml, MBC > 10.0 mg/ml) > P. caerulea (MIC = 10.0 mg/ml, MBC = 20.0 mg/ml) > P. alata (MIC = 10.0 mg/ml, MBC > 20.0 mg/ml); against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538P): P. incarnata (MIC = 2.5 mg/ml, MBC > 5.0) > P. caerulea (MIC = 5.0 mg/ml, MBC > 10.0) > P. alata (MIC = 10.0 mg/ml, MBC > 10.0); against Candida albicans (PCM 1409PZH): P. caerulea (MIC = 7.5 mg/ml, MBC = 15.0 mg/ml), P. incarnata (MIC = 10.0 mg/ml, MBC > 10.0 mg/ml), P. alata (MIC = 15.0 mg/ml, MBC > 20.0 mg/ml); against Microsporum gypseum K1: P. incarnata = P. caerulea = P. alata (MIC = 5.0 mg/ml, MBC = 5.0 mg/ml). Phytochemical study showed that the highest concentration of phenolic compounds was shown in extract of P. alata > P. caerulea > P. incarnata. Conclusions. Due to the fact that low antimicrobial activity has been demonstrated for raw extracts, there is a need for further studies of fractionated extracts and isolated compounds to assess their activity.
Etanolowe ekstrakty z propolisu jako źródło biopierwiastków
Authors: Woźniak Magdalena , Babicka Marta , Rissmann Iwona , Kędzia Bogdan , Ratajczak Izabela
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Propolis is one of bee products, which is increasingly widespread in medicine. An important aspect regarding propolis is research on the analysis of its chemical composition. Propolis extracts have been found to include phenolic compounds (flavonoids as well as phenolic acids and their esters), terpenes, amino acids, vitamins and elements. The elements analyzed in the propolis extracts include both macro- and microelements, such as: calcium, magnesium, iron or selenium. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine concentration of selected elements in commercial available ethanolic extracts of propolis. Material and methods. In three ethanolic extracts of propolis were determined concentration of 14 elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Si, Pb, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cd and Ni) using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Results. In all propolis extracts the highest concentration among analyzed elements was determined for sodium, and in the lowest level of concentration was analyzed for copper and manganese. The concentrations of analyzed elements in extracts differed slightly and the highest differences were observed for magnesium, potassium and copper. In all examined samples the concentration of heavy metals was under detection limit of used analytical method. Conclusions. The results of the research presented in the paper indicate that the ethanolic extracts of propolis, despite slightly differences in the concentrations of the analyzed elements, can be a rich source of macro- and microelements.
Comparative analysis of the effect of various types of combined anaesthesia on the central hemodynamics in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Melnyk Oleksandr , Oliynyk Oleksandr , Slifirczyk Anna , Nadolny Klaudiusz , Ladny Jerzy Robert
Published: January 2021

Introduction. At present, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a type of minimally invasive intervention, mostly performed for the treatment of patients with cholelithiasis. A large number of procedures worldwide taken into consideration, the issue of the effect of various anaesthesia types on the central hemodynamics becomes increasingly important, since its state often determines possible complications of surgical intervention. Aim. Objective is to assess the effect of various combined anaesthesia types on the central hemodynamics in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Material and methods. Examination included 119 patients (aged between 20 and 82) who had undergone surgery for acute cholecystitis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the use of carboxy peritoneum (CP) was performed in all cases. Depending on the type of anaesthesia, patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (n = 44) – those who were operated on under combined general intravenous anaesthesia (CGIA); Group 2 (n = 44) – the surgery was performed under combined inhalation anaesthesia (CIA) with sevoflurane; Group 3 (n = 31) – laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed under combined spinal anaesthesia (CSA) with 0.5% bupivacaine. Subject to comparison were the indices of hemodynamic profile and intra-operative analgesia that was judged on the amount of narcotic analgesics used. The research was authorized by the Bio-ethical Commission of Kyiv City Hospital ? 4. Permission number is U22072016. All patients gave prior written permission to participate in this study. Results. Average systolic arterial pressure in the groups with carbon dioxide insufflated into abdominal cavity: Group 1 – 137.5 ± 18.9 mm Hg; Group 2 – 136.6 ± 17.7 mm Hg; Group 3 – 115.0 ± 13.7 mm Hg. In Group 3, systolic arterial pressure values differed statistically from those in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.001). Average systolic arterial pressure under carboxy peritoneum: Group 1 – 101.7 ± 14.1 mm Hg; Group 2 – 100.0 ± 12.2 mm Hg; Group 3 – 86.7 ± 10.4 mm Hg. Average doses of fentanyl used for anaesthesia in the groups were: Group 1 – 11.7 mcg/kg; Group 2 – 10.9 mcg/kg; Group 3 – 6.28 mcg/kg. Conclusions. The changes of central hemodynamics in the patients who had undergone combined spinal anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were found to be the least as compared with combined prevenous and endotracheal anaesthesia.
The use of dog therapy in the treatment and rehabilitation of children with autism
Authors: Bociarska Renata , Olejnik Beata Janina , Chorazy Monika , Snarska Katarzyna , Lewko Jolanta
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Dog therapy has a significant impact on the child’s development. Children suffering from chronic diseases requiring long-term treatment and rehabilitation are particularly responsive to therapeutic modalities involving dogs. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of dog therapy on the treatment and rehabilitation of children with autism and to assess the influence of dog therapy on behaviour and attitude changes in such children. Material and methods. The study included a group of 50 children diagnosed with autism who received dog therapy as a auxiliary treatment modality. Respondents were the children’s parents/guardians. The diagnostic survey method including an original questionnaire consisting of 22 questions relating, among other things, to the benefits and changes in the physical, psychological and social behaviour of the child resulting from the applied therapy was utilised. Results. A significant number of study participants showed positive changes in behaviour regarding each sphere of functioning. In 70% of the studied children, a decreased level of anxiety was observed in contacts with their surroundings, greater openness and trust as well as higher motivation and greater initiative in a variety of educational and therapeutic activities. Conclusions. The active involvement of a dog in the child’s development is a form of therapy and rehabilitation which has not been fully explored and appreciated. Dogs exert a positive impact on the child’s development, enhance cognitive processes and motivation, inspire the child, improve their psychosocial functioning as well as reduce stereotyped behaviours and other axial symptoms of autism. Subjective assessment and the objective results obtained in the study indicate high efficacy of dog therapy as an auxiliary method. There is a need to use and evaluate this auxiliary treatment modality in human life.
Characteristic of COVID-19 pediatric patients: evidence from systematic review
Authors: Szarpak Lukasz , Adam Ishag , Dzieciatkowski Tomasz , Nadolny Klaudiusz , Jaguszewski Milosz , Filipiak Krzysztof Jerzy , Ladny Jerzy Robert , Smereka Jacek
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The SARS-CoV-2 infection pandemic has affected virtually the whole world. Since the outbreak in China, countries on all continents have been progressively infected, and COVID-19 represents a major challenge to healthcare systems even in highly developed countries. Children are a very special group, largely due to close family contacts, and may be susceptible to cross-infection. Children, generally, have low immunity and some exhibit a long incubation period after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, children should try to avoid contact with complex populations to avoid being infected by potential spreaders. Aim. The aim of the study was to identify the most frequently observed symptoms in pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19. Material and methods. We performed a comprehensive systematic literature search of online databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, from December 2019 to April 10, 2020 to identify all case studies. All the search results were evaluated according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The inclusion criterions for the articles were as follows: study population: pediatric patients with diagnosed COVID-19 (excluding newborn patient); study design: case studies; outcomes measure: at least one outcome reported among clinical symptoms. Results. The analysis of 10 papers reporting 466 pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 revealed that the most frequently observed symptoms are fever (56.0%), cough (49.8%), headache (22.9%), sore throat (22.7%) and fatigue/myalgia (20.3%). The remaining symptoms are much less frequent. In 13.6% of cases, the disease was asymptomatic, and in 40.8% it was mild in clinical classification and in 40.2% moderate type. Relatively rarely children with severe and critical presentation of COVID-19 are observed (3.0 and 1.0%, respectively). Conclusions. The five most frequent symptoms in pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 are: fever, cough, headache, sore throat and fatigue/myalgia. In the pediatric population, 81% of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have mild or moderate symptoms, and only 4% have severe and critical presentation.
Quantitative analysis of changes in the pharmaceutical market
Authors: Pogorzelczyk Katarzyna , Gallas Marta , Robakowska Marlena , Wojnarowska Malgorzata , Zuratynski Przemyslaw , Slezak Daniel , Jaltuszewska Sylwia
Published: January 2021

The global pharmaceutical industry is currently worth over two trillion US dollars, with a steadily growing single-digit growth outlook in the coming years. The aim of the study is to analyze the economic changes taking place on the Polish pharmaceutical market in relation to the successive legislative changes regulating the shape of this branch of the economy. The materials used for the analysis are legal acts regulating pharmaceutical law, reports and economic brochures on the pharmaceutical market. Foreign and domestic literature presenting economic changes on the Polish pharmaceutical market is described. Despite significant changes, which were a response to specific needs or problems occurring in the healthcare sector, due to the characteristics of this part of social policy, instead of the existing complications, new ones were created.