bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precursory seismic quiescence before the January 1982 Hilea, Hawaii, earthquakes
Authors: Wyss Max , Fu Zhengxiang
Published: July 2021

Two earthquakes of ML = 5.4 occurred within half an hour of each other within the Hilea area of Southern Hawaii on 21 January 1982. The aftershock distribution suggests that together they ruptured an area of approximately 5-km radius, and their joint equivalent magnitude was 5.6. The first motions indicate faulting on a near horizontal plane at 10 km depth, with the crust slipping to the southeast.

The seismicity rate in the source area was studied using the earthquake catalog of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. This catalog contains some reporting rate changes that affect the count of smaller earthquakes strongly, with a period of low reporting during 1974 to 1977. Although we have used 2.5 as the minimum magnitude of homogeneous reporting after 1971, some of the artificial rate changes are still present in the data. The catalog was declustered using Reasenberg's algorithm, and a magnitude correction of −0.1 was applied to the data between 1974 and 1984.

The seismicity rate for the period of November 1971 through 1985 was examined in four adjacent regions; one of these contained the aftershocks. The aftershock volume and the 3-km annulus around it showed a period of 46 weeks of low seismicity rate immediately before January 1982, during which the rate was decreased by 87 per cent. The seismicity rate in the other three volumes was normal during this time. We conclude that this low reporting rate was not likely due to artificial changes in the catalog. The fact that the quiescence anomaly coincided in space with the 1982 aftershock volume and that its termination coincided with the 1982 main shocks suggests that the quiescence was a precursor.

Comparing the seismicity rate within all possible 46-week windows to the background rate, we found that the precursory rate decrease was more significant than any other rate decrease in all volumes studied except artificial low rate periods. Thus this quiescence precursor could be recognized without false alarms. However, the statistical significance estimated by the z- and β-tests was low, ≦75 per cent and ≦49 per cent, respectively. More case histories are needed to determine empirically the thresholds of these tests for accepting precursory anomalies without too many false alarms.

The M = 6.6 Kaoiki earthquake that was located about 25-km north of the 1982 source area was preceded by 125 weeks of quiescence, while the M = 7.2 Kalapana earthquake quiescence precursor lasted about 200 weeks. These observations suggest that in Hawaii quiescence precursor times may be a function of magnitude.
Reconstruction of a channel offset in 1857(?) by the San Andreas fault near Cholame, California
Authors: Lienkaemper James J. , Sturm Thomas A.
Published: July 2021

The U.S. Geological Survey has formally forecast the next moderate (M6) Parkfield earthquake for 1988 ±5 yr. Sieh and Jahns (1984) forecast that a M7 earthquake is likely to accompany the next Parkfield earthquake. The latter forecast rests on interpretation of 3 to 4 m of 1857 slip on eight gullies near Cholame and slip-loading rate of 3.5 cm/yr since 1857. But Lienkaemper (1987) interprets 1857 slip here as 4 to 8 m. These eight gullies yield larger slip when one includes slip on secondary faults (at three gullies), and one picks gully centerlines judging the post-1857 alteration differently (at five sites). Our goal in this paper is to show our interpretation of slip on one gully deemed the least ambiguous of these eight (as they appear in large-scale, 1966 aerial photographs). We interpret slip as 2-m larger at this key site, suggesting a much lower likelihood of the next Parkfield earthquake triggering a larger Cholame earthquake. Our detailed studies of many sites showing 1857(?) slip are continuing and will be published later.

Using 1966 aerial photos, we infer the shape of this key gully before fault offset by eliminating effects of later natural and artificial processes of alteration. On 1986 photos right-lateral offset seems 3.5 ± 0.5 m, but on 1966 photos we measure 5.7 ± 0.7 m. Differencing precise 1966 and 1986 topographic maps shows that little incision occurred, but soil deposited up to a 1-m thickness on the left bank (probably drifted downslope from agricultural disking in the adjacent field). This soil deposit forced the channel bottom 2-m away from the left bank (upstream from fault only), causing offset in 1986 to appear 2-m smaller than in 1966. This 2-m alteration presumably occurred before Sieh (1978) interpreted 3.3-m slip here.
The longer it has been since the last earthquake, the longer the expected time till the next?
Authors: Davis Paul M. , Jackson David D. , Kagan Yan Y.
Published: July 2021

We adopt a lognormal distribution for earthquake interval times, and we use a locally determined rather than a generic coefficient of variation, to estimate the probability of occurrence of characteristic earthquakes. We extend previous methods in two ways. First, we account for the aseismic period since the last event (the “seismic drought”) in updating the parameter estimates. Second, in calculating the earthquake probability we allow for uncertainties in the mean recurrence time and its variance by averaging over their likelihood. Both extensions can strongly influence the calculated earthquake probabilities, especially for long droughts in regions with few documented earthquakes. As time passes, the recurrence time and variance estimates increase if no additional events occur, leading eventually to an affirmative answer to the question in the title. The earthquake risk estimate begins to drop when the drought exceeds the estimated recurrence time. For the Parkfield area of California, the probability of a magnitude 6 event in the next 5 years is about 34 per cent, much lower than previous estimates. Furthermore, the estimated 5-year probability will decrease with every uneventful year after 1988. For the Coachella Valley segment of the San Andreas Fault, the uncertainties are large, and we estimate the probability of a large event in the next 30 years to be 9 per cent, again much smaller than previous estimates. On the Mojave (Pallett Creek) segment the catalog includes 10 events, and the present drought is just approaching the recurrence interval, so the estimated risk is revised very little by our methods.
Nie wszystko złe, co z epoki saskiej. Refleksje na temat ocen historiografii polskiej na przykładzie konfederacji tarnogrodzkiej
Authors: Kierys Arkadiusz
Published: July 2021

Krytyczna ocena panowania dynastii Wettinów w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów dominowała w polskiej historiografii aż do połowy XX w. Augusta II Mocnego obarczano odpowiedzialnością za oddanie monarchii pod kontrolę Piotra I Wielkiego, a szlachtę za anarchizowanie życia politycznego – słowem początek upadku państwa. Badania przebiegu konfederacji tarnogrodzkiej oraz analiza rozmów pacyfikacyjnych między skonfederowanymi a plenipotentami króla – w oparciu o Diariusz skonfederowanych na Kongresie Lubelskim de Anno 1716 – pozwoliły na rewizję dotychczasowych poglądów. Szlachta ówczesna była nie tylko świadoma potrzeb naprawy ustroju i opisania urzędów (głównie hetmańskiego), ale także dostrzegała konieczność ukrócenia zwiększającej się roli mediacyjnej Rosji. Najbardziej intrygującą kwestią związaną z konfederacją tarnogrodzką wydaje się postawa szlachty wobec dysydentów religijnych – stanęli oni w obronie ich praw, sprzeciwiając się tym samym hierarchii katolickiej, jak i samego króla.
Teresa Ossolińska ze Stadnickich (1717–1776). Przyczynek do badań aktywności wojewodziny wołyńskiej w drugiej połowie XVIII wieku
Authors: Penkała-Jastrzębska Anna
Published: July 2021

Aktywność wojewodziny wołyńskiej Teresy ze Stadnickich Ossolińskiej stanowi interesujący przykład zakresu działań podejmowanych przez kobiety w drugiej połowie XVIII w. Magnatka zasługuje przy tym na miano postaci szczególnej, biorąc pod uwagę jej działalność polityczną, fundatorską, strategię zarządzania ogromnym majątkiem, a także przemyślany patronat matrymonialny. Największym zaangażowaniem Ossolińska obdarzała sprawy związane ze sferą patronatu religijnego, czynnie angażując się w szereg przedsięwzięć mających upamiętnić jej osobę jako zasłużoną fundatorkę i hojną wspomożycielkę. Dzięki stworzeniu własnego kręgu klientalnego wojewodzina ingerowała w proces obsadzania stanowisk urzędniczych, pierwszeństwo oddając działaniom na rzecz pozyskania intratnych wakansów dla męża i synów. Sama również chętnie angażowała się w sprawy polityczne, chcąc stworzyć podwaliny silnego ośrodka politycznego mającego stanowić zaplecze dla najbliższych członków rodziny. Zachowana korespondencja magnatki stanowi interesujący, nieanalizowany do tej pory materiał źródłowy, pozwalający na podjęcie badań poświęconych kobiecej aktywności w drugiej połowie XVIII w.
The History of Poland in the Service of State Promotion: an Example of Activities in Japan
Authors: Gałaj-Dempniak Renata
Published: July 2021

Historia jest silnie powiązana z krajem i jego obywatelami. Identyfikuje naród i kraj, pomaga zachować tożsamość, przypominając ludziom o ich dziedzictwie. Dlatego jest doskonałym sposobem budowania marki kraju, budząc skojarzenia z jego lokalizacją i społeczeństwem. Polska nieustannie poszukuje nowych rynków dla swoich produktów, nawet w krajach, w których jest ledwo obecna. Jednym z krajów, na którego rynek stara się wejść Polska, jest Japonia, kraj, którego obywatele niewiele wiedzą o Polsce. Aby ułatwić relacje między tymi dwoma krajami, polski rząd postanowił rozpocząć kampanię informacyjną o przeszłości i teraźniejszości Polski, jej możliwościach, znaczeniu na arenie międzynarodowej i jej mieszkańcach. Biorąc pod uwagę charakter japońskiej kultury, komiks został wybrany jako najbardziej odpowiednie medium.
O „Homo metahistoricus” Jana Pomorskiego
Authors: Solarska Maria
Published: July 2021

W niniejszym tekście przedstawiam książkę Jana Pomorskiego Homo metahistoricus. Studium sześciu kultur poznających (Lublin 2019). Głównym zamierzeniem jest rekonstrukcja podstawowych idei i założeń autora oraz relacji pomiędzy proponowanymi przez niego pojęciami. Wskazuję również na pytania, do których postawienia inspiruje analizowane myślenie oraz na wagę pól problemowych, które one otwierają.
Some Remarks on the Criminal Liability of Slaves Based on Lex Iulia de adulteriis coercendis
Authors: Cimachowicz Konrad
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this article is to attempt to answer the question whether a slave or female slave were criminally responsible for adultery. The Lex Iulia de adulteriis coercendis promulgated in 18 B.C., belonged to the so-called Augustan marriage legislation, introduced the term adulterium understood as a crime of public law. This law was very widely commented on by Roman jurists. However, the opposite views on the criminal liability of slaves under this statute are noticed in accessible legal sources. In the literature devoted to the Julian Act, this issue has not been sufficiently analyzed.
Rozważania dotyczące pojmowania sprawiedliwości
Authors: Dziedziak Wojciech
Published: July 2021

The article has addressed the problem of understanding justice. The traditional formula “to render to everyone his own” (suum cuique tribuere) was taken as the point of departure. The discussion leads to the conclusion that natural justice applies to every person, and that every person is entitled to natural, innate, fundamental human rights. The traditional formula with regard to law should be understood as a principle-norm, a principle of law that imposes an obligation to render to everyone what is due. It is the duty of authorities (which manage the social life) to implement this obligation. The innate natural rights enshrined and safeguarded in positive law will be combined with the statutory, precise, strengthened norms of this law, and thus enhanced (since it is a natural obligation, a moral and legal obligation, of the human being not to violate these natural rights) with the prohibition of violating them by others.
Szczególni pełnomocnicy spółek kapitałowych w sporach ze spółką
Authors: Kidyba Sebastian
Published: July 2021

The study provides an analysis of the status of representatives in disputes with the company and, consequently, of the rules of representation in those disputes. The research problem addressed herein is based on the analysis of Article 210 § 1 and Article 253 of the Polish Code of Commercial Partnerships and Companies (CCPC). These rules govern issues related to the occurrence of disputes with the company and, in particular, the problem of the participation of the company’s representatives in those disputes. It should be clear that power of attorney plays a special role in the regulation of the Code of Commercial Partnerships and Companies. It is also widely applicable not only in the classic representation of entities or persons within the company, but also of the company itself. A representative is granted a special status due to the transactions in which he participates. One should also keep in mind the situations where a representative represents the company in classical activities besides Articles 210 or 253 CCPC. In that case, the representative’s authorisation is “activated” by the body usually having the power to do so (the management board) or by other representatives (statutory representatives or representatives appointed under a power of attorney, if the conditions laid down in Article 106 of the Polish Civil Code are met). Another situation is when they are appointed by a meeting of shareholders or partners (Articles 210 and 253 CCPC). Another feature of the special power of attorney is the use of it in disputes and not in legal transactions. It can therefore be concluded that the use of the word “representative” in the context of the provisions of the Polish Code of Commercial Partnerships and Companies may be of particular importance.
Evaluation of The Effects of Pomegranate Juice on Hepato-Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats Exposed to Aluminum
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Harun , ER ÇALIŞKAN Çiğdem , KAR Fatih , ÖZKAYA Ahmet , GÜÇLÜ Kenan
Published: July 2021

Aluminum is used as a stabilizer and effector in today's vaccine studies. Although aluminum is in all our lives, it has unsuitable properties in terms of chemical properties. Pomegranate has notable biological and medicinal properties. We aimed to measure biochemical parameters in rat serum such as electrolyte levels, kidney and liver function test, and lipid profile to analyze the effects of pomegranate juice towards AlCl3-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity. The twenty-eight wistar albino rats divided into four groups; control (Group I), pomegranate juice (4 ml/kg) (Group II), AlCl3 (8.3 mg/kg) (Group III) and pomegranate juice + AlCl3 (Group IV). Aluminum toxicity and the protective effect of pomegranate juice did not statistically different among groups in electrolyte levels, except for Mg and Cl (p
Crisis de las disciplinas económicas, administrativas y contables-financieras: replanteando paradigmas desde el más alto nivel doctoral
Authors: Ortiz Bojacá •	José Joaquín
Published: July 2021

Este artículo se inicia con el análisis de la problemática que se convierte en eje estructurante de todo el estudio, explicitando los elementos epistemológicos que dan cuenta del desarrollo de las ciencias sociales derivado del paradigma positivista bajo el enfoque mecánico de la ciencia, heredado de las ciencias físicas, que hace crisis en un entorno de desarrollo socioeconómico que se ha denominado de posmodernidad en un espacio de globalización, develando las grandes contradicciones no contempladas por un modelo de ciencia lineal. Logra un recorrido epistemológico por las problemáticas de las ciencias económicas, administrativas y contable-financieras, evidenciando las crisis que le han dado origen, desembocando en un análisis del desarrollo de la educación superior, que en este artículo se decide denominar de tercer, cuarto y quinto niveles, que debe buscar nuevos desarrollos, por lo que se culmina con una propuesta sobre la estructuración del más alto nivel en el campo interdisciplinar de las ciencias económicas, administrativas y contables. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa centrada en el análisis de textos, bajo una selección a partir de las categorías analizadas en el planteamiento del problema.
Morphology and Corrosion Behavior of Zn-Ni Layers Electrodeposited on Low Alloy Carbon Steel Substrate
Authors: Chouia Fateh , Chala Abdelouahad , Lakel Abdelghani , Sahraoui Toufik
Published: July 2021

The aim of this work is to improve the microstructure, the morphology, the mechanical and the corrosion behavior of Zn-Ni layers electrodeposited on low alloy carbon steel. Some factors such as the nickel concentration in the electrolyte, the electrolyte temperature and the current density are studied and optimized. The efficiency of the layers to protect the low alloy carbon steel against corrosion in HCl solution is also studied in this work. The electrodeposited Zn-Ni layers morphologies and microstructure were investigated by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. The best deposits of Zn-Ni layers are obtained with 50%-Ni in the electrolyte bath at a temperature of 40°C and a current density of j = 3 A dm-2. The XRD spectrum showed the coexistence of two phases: δ-phase (Ni3Zn22) and γ-phase (Ni5Zn21), and a pyramidal morphology is detected by SEM. The lost mass method results showed that the corrosion rate tacked a steady state between 10 and 50% of Ni, and it increased with the increase of Ni amount in the electrolyte bath.
A Tangy Twist Review on Hog-Plum: Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz
Authors: Mondal Sumanta , Bhar Kausik , Panigrahi Naresh , Mondal Prasenjit , Nayak Sridhar , Barik Rudra Pratap , Aravind Koyyana
Published: July 2021

Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz., belongs to the Anacardiaceae family, generally referred to as Indian Hog plum, a deciduous, glabrous tree with a healthy fruit to eat. Hog plum is a mild deciduous tree plant of high nutritional value, stubby calories and abundant in vegetable proteins, zinc, chitin, starch, vitamins and minerals. Traditional use of various parts of S. pinnata includes diarrhea, dysentery, stomach troubles, hyperacidity, wounds, sprain, rheumatism, gonorrhoea, tuberculosis, aphrodisiac, arrow poison antidote, dyspepsia, dysentery, ring worms, abscess painful joints, refrigerant, tonic, antiseptic, astringent, mental disorders, tuberculosis, vomiting and many more. A number of pharmacological activities were reported from several extracts of S. pinnata and its parts that include hypoglycemic, anti-cancer, ulcer-protective, antidiarrhoeal, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, analgesic, antipyretic, antihypertensive, anthelmintic, diuretic and laxative, anti-tuberculosis, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, ischemia reperfusion injury and preconditioning of heart, anxiolytic, reduce side effects of chemotherapy, ameliorating, platelet aggregation inhibitory activity and acute and sub-chronic toxicity. A few phytochemicals were detailed on this plant. The chemical components of S. pinnata include different amino acids, carbohydrates, terpenoids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, steroids and so on. Various solvent extract and their gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis have confirmed the structures of a number of important phytoconstituents. Hence this review can be a good reference for researchers who would undertake further investigation about S. pinnata.
Preliminary Analysis of the Antidiabetic Activity of Indonesian Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Abdillah Syamsudin , Gita Lestari Apriala , Monika Priskila , Sumaryono Wahono , Hisyam Kartiningsih
Published: July 2021

This study aims to prepare polyherbal formulations and also analyze the antidiabetic potentials of the prepared polyherbal in animals. The ethanol extracts of the leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius, Stevia rebaudiana, Syzygium polyanthum, and Camellia sinensis were used in this study. The extracts of the aforementioned plants were prepared in the ratio of 2:1:1:1. The formulation was tested for antidiabetic activity in vitro through the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and in vivo using alloxan-induced diabetes in mice. The polyherbal has an inhibitory effect with the IC50 value of 26.23 μg/mL compared to acarbose (control) was 17.02 μg/mL. The diabetic animals were observed to show an obvious decline in glucose level when compared with control (P< 0.001) after treatment.
Probable Mode of Action of Sita kasmaryadi Herbal Decoction in Placental Compliance – A Review
Authors: Mohan Preethi
Published: July 2021

The occurrence of IUGR (Intra uterine growth retardation) is estimated to be approximately 5% in the population and it is considered as the third leading cause for perinatal mortality in India. Despite plentiful management options, none is effectively proved in improving placental circulation and foetal weight gain. Indian medicine practices a herbal decoction with Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn., Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex. Smith and sugar. The pharmacological potentials of this decoction was attempted to explore here in this review based on available researches. Thorough internet search was performed to derive the data. Recent researches on detailed chemical composition and its possible pharmacological action also had been detailed. It is an effective formulation in improving placental and umbilical cord circulation, aids in improving foetoplacental circulation to a greater extent with negligible side effects.
A Case Report on Grade II Oligodendroglioma by Ayurvedic Intervention
Authors: Raman Sundara , Ashwini B. N. , Sivabalaji K.
Published: July 2021

(1) Rationale for this case report: The current treatment modality for oligodendroglioma is surgical intervention and radiation treatment. This case report shows the effective management with Ayurvedic treatment of a case diagnosed as Grade II oligodendroglioma which was posted for resection and chemotherapy. The MRI results after treatment clearly suggest the significant reduction of the Grade II oligodendroglioma. (2) Presenting concerns: A 26-year young lady who was diagnosed with the Grade II oligodendroglioma was admitted in the hospital. She was posted for the excision, resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The features were suggestive of Grade II oligodendroglioma has been diagnostic by MRI. (3) Interventions: Panchakarma procedures including the snehana, svedana, virechana, nasya and kayaseka was started along with internal medications and surgery was deferred because the patient responded positively. (4) Outcomes: The outcome of this case study reveals that there was significant reduction of the Grade II oligodendroglioma. (5) Main lesson(s) from this case report: Non-surgical intervention of Grade II oligodendroglioma demonstrating the reduction. Multiple clinical trials should be conducted to establish this treatment as general treatment for the oligodendroglioma.
Preparation and Exploration of Physical Properties of Calcium based Indian Origin Ayurvedic Medicine-Shankh Bhasma (Marine Drug) as Nanomaterials for its Applications
Authors: Sinha Sweta , Singh Rakesh Kr. , Kumar Nishant , Singh Subhash Pd. , Dwivedi Prabhat Kr. , Kumari Rekha
Published: July 2021

The objective of the present research is to explore the Physical properties of a marine origin of Indian Ayurvedic medicine (Shankh Bhasma) as nanomaterials for its applications. Shankh Bhasma has been prepared by using the method as mentioned in Ayurvedic text which includes aloe-vera and buttermilk as ingredient. The preparation method was ecofriendly and hazardous chemicals are not used or emitted during preparation. The bhasma are characterized by the modern scientific techniques. X-ray diffraction measurement and Scanning electron microsccopy analysis showed that Bhasma exists as agglomerated nano crystalline materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurement reveals the bond stretching during the incineration process and found peaks of carboxylic group, calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide. The photoluminescence measurement shows a broad spectrum in UV region and one prominent emission peak in the visible region at 405nm. The prepared shankh bhasma was examined on E. coli and found to have no effect. In present research, physical property measurement of shankh bhasma using state of the art techniques of 21st century not only support a foundation for the development of low cost ayurvedic natural marine based materials as nanomedicne but also used in other sectors of science and technology.
A National Web Conference on Integrated Siddha Approach in Clinical Practice and Research on COVID-19 Pandemic (ISACC)- Tirupati, December 2020
Authors: Samraj K. , Nandhagopal K. , Radha S. , Rajalakshmi S. , Arunachalam K. , Kanakavalli K.
Published: July 2021

Siddha Clinical Research Unit (SCRU) Tirupati, working under the Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, conducted a National Web conference titled “Integrated Siddha Approach in Clinical Practice and Research on COVID-19 Pandemic (ISACC)” on 23rd Dec 2020, as a part of the fourth Pre-Siddha Day observance. Totally, 256 participants from Siddha colleges and various institutes of CCRS attended the Web conference and 9 eminent Speakers share their knowledge at the conference. The Technical session was separated by three panels, (i)Siddha Standalone and Integrative Clinical trials on COVID-19, (ii)Siddha Preventive and Prophylactic Measures on COVID-19, (iii)Experiences in Siddha Integrative Clinical Practice on COVID-19. The take home message of the conference insisted upon the three facts - the need for more clinical trials , need for increased experience sharing platforms for Siddha medical system and finally that Siddha standalone as well as integration for COVID-19 management gave significant outcome in both preventive and promotive healthcare. Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India and Directorate of Indian Medicine and Homeopathy (DIM&H), Government of Tamil Nadu, contributed a lot in Research and services in COVID-19 pandemic.
Can I Share Your Ideas With the World? Young Children’s Consent in the Research Process
Authors: Gaches Sonya
Published: July 2021

Utilizing the four features of informed consent from the guiding document Ethical Research Involving Children, the article illustrates how the informed consent process was carried out with young children from the initial planning stages through the ongoing research’s focused conversations. Specifically, the questions of what would be needed to acquire informed consent from the children and what assurances could there be that young children understood the research and how its results would be disseminated are addressed. The article concludes with suggestions for what other researchers might consider and include in their local contexts.
Обґрунтування методології формування моделей діяльності підприємства
Authors: Доценко С.І. , Мойсеєнко В.І. , Клименко Л.А. , Єрмоленко Л.П.
Published: July 2021

Сучасний стан розвитку виробництва характеризується зміною концепції побудови та діяльності підприємства, тому насамперед виникає проблема прийняття рішення про обрання оптимальної методології моделювання. Після цього здійснюється вибір оптимального методу та моделі. Після обрання оптимальної моделі наступною є фаза її конструювання. При цьому процес конструювання містить етапи декомпозиції, агрегування, дослідження умов, побудови  програми. Зміст цього підходу до  моделювання є конкретним втіленням загальної методології структурно-функціонального підходу до дослідження організаційних систем. На цей час немає єдино визнаної  методології моделювання підприємства, тому розробники використовують переважно евристичні методи для прийняття рішень
Registered Accommodation in Łódź 1979-2000
Authors: Matczak Andrzej
Published: July 2021

The author attempts to evaluate the take up of registered accommodation outlets in Lôdz between 1979 and 2000, on the basis of an analysis of changes in the number of guests, the number of accommodation outlets used, the average length of time spent in them, the average length of stay, and seasonality, sex, age, educational and professional background of the guests, their motives for coming to Lôdz, as well as the areas they arrived from.
Impact of Technology on Higher Education
Authors: Burkholder Gary J , Krauskopf Erwin
Published: July 2021

We are pleased to publish the first regular issue of Higher Learning Research Communications (HLRC), which follows the Special Issue, Implications of COVID-19 on Higher Education. The pandemic continues to impact higher education; in many parts of the world, it is still resulting in classes being held remotely, while in other regions, classrooms are slowly reopening to face-to-face or hybrid instruction. As the manuscripts in the special issue, as well as those in the current issue, reflect, the implications of the pandemic on higher education will be far-reaching. We continue to encourage authors to submit empirical research and essays that document ways that higher education will be different as we emerge from the pandemic. The focus of the HLRC is on issues whose importance has been magnified by the pandemic, including digital teaching and learning, higher education and the public good, and the preparation of students in key 21st-century employability skills.
Development and Validation of a New Measure of Mental Rotation for Preadolescent and Adolescent Groups
Authors: Datta Sumona , Dutta Roy Debdulal
Published: July 2021

Measurement of mental rotation presents a serious challenge to cognitive researchers owing to the lack of a single comprehensive measure that can be applied across the developing age groups. Objective of the present study was to develop and validate a new measure of mental rotation for preadolescent and adolescent age groups. Items were conceptualized and constructed based on existing theories. Study I checked the suitability of these items among preadolescent and adolescent age groups. After revisions, Study II was done to evaluate the item properties using item response theory. Subsequently done Confirmatory Factor Analysis provided evidence for the construct validity of the new measure. Finally, Study III was done to develop the age wise and gender wise norms for preadolescent and adolescent age groups. The newly developed measure was found to have sufficient reliability and validity and hence can be widely applied for measuring mental rotation of preadolescents and adolescents.
Working Memory Resources Depletion Makes Delayed Testing Beneficial
Authors: Chen Ouhao , Kalyuga Slava
Published: July 2021

Cognitive load theory (CLT) uses working memory resources depletion to explain the superiority of spaced learning, predicting that working memory resources will be less taxed if there are resting/spacing periods inserted between learning tasks, in comparison to learning from the same tasks in a single session. This article uses the working memory resources depletion effect, as a factor, to investigate the hypothesis that delayed testing would show superior results to immediate testing on math tasks for primary students in Singapore, as participants' working memory resources might be restored because of the resting between the immediate and delayed tests. Results confirmed higher performance on the delayed test than on the immediate test, as well as more working memory resources available for the delayed test.
Number Sense Makes All the Difference: Calculation Using Number Sense by Pupils With and Without Learning Difficulties in Math
Authors: Ben-Yehuda Miriam , Sharoni Varda
Published: July 2021

The research examined the calculation methods used by pupils in Grades 3–6 when they were presented with problems that could be worked out efficiently and flexibly by applying number sense. The study was conducted with a convenience sample of 179 pupils between the ages 7 years and 10 months to 12 years and 10 months. in mainstream education in Israel, who attended schools belonging to different sectors and situated in different areas of the country with varied socioeconomic profiles. The test included addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division problems that pupils were asked to solve mentally, in writing and by identifying correctly and incorrectly solved problem. Some of the problems presented pupils with opportunities to apply number sense. As expected, the research findings showed significant differences in calculation accuracy between pupils with and without learning difficulties, especially in multiplication and division tasks. Still, the performance of pupils with difficulties in the accuracy variable was above average, and there was high variance within this group. We found significant differences between pupils with and without difficulties in the calculation-speed variable in all tasks and in all calculation modalities. One of the implications is that pupils, and especially those with difficulties, should be afforded enough time to work out problems, and should be presented with tasks that would enable them to use number sense in order to retrieve prior knowledge and apply it.
Palabras y acción crítica. El perfil del didacta de la lengua.
Authors: López Valero Amando , Jerez Martínez Isabel , Hernández Delgado Lourdes
Published: July 2021

En este artículo pretendemos reivindicar un enfoque humanístico para la intervención socioeducativa. Dicha perspectiva será abordada desde el marco de referencia que supone la Didáctica de la lengua y la literatura. Retomando el enfoque crítico y, en concreto, la teoría de la acción comunicativa, la contribución se sustentará en conceptos como el consenso, la pragmática universal o la ética discursiva.

El objetivo es trazar unas líneas de actuación desde el área, para que, desde la perspectiva crítica, el profesorado en formación inicial y permanente comprenda que la enseñanza de la lengua y la literatura debe transitar por una toma de conciencia sobre su uso e importancia. De este modo, plantearemos un perfil actualizado del didacta de la lengua, un docente que se enmarca en un contexto tecnológico, pero que precisa de la palabra para su labor.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Masyarakat dalam Pengenalan dan Pencegahan Penyebaran Informasi Hoax tentang Covid-19
Authors: Atika Atika , Rafiqoh Putri Ayu Hidayatur , Ramadhani Muhammad Muthahhari
Published: July 2021

Sejumlah informasi hoax, khususnya tentang Covid-19 menyebar begitu cepat dan dapat menimbulkan keresahan di tengah masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat dalam mengenali informasi hoax, khususnya tentang Covid-19, sehingga penyebaran informasi hoax dapat dicegah. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan melalui Majalah Pengetahuan Covid-19 yang diproduksi oleh Tim pelaksana pengabdian. Majalah tersebut disebarkan kepada masyarakat pada 3 kabupaten/kota di Kalimantan Selatan yaitu Kota Banjarmasin, Kabupaten Banjar, dan Kota Banjarbaru. Penyebaran majalah selain dalam bentuk cetak, juga melalui media online yaitu platform digital dan media sosial. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan pada masyarakat tentang informasi hoax khususnya covid-19. Peningkatan tersebut dibuktikan dengan hasil evaluasi yang dilakukan kepada masyarakat yang menerima Majalah Pengetahuan Covid-19, bahwa yang sebelumnya hanya sering mendengar tentang kata hoax tapi belum memahami sepenuhnya. Setelah membaca Majalah Pengetahuan Covid-19 mereka dapat mengenali ciri-ciri sebuah informasi termasuk kategori hoax, dan dengan mengenali ciri tersebut mereka dapat menentukan sikap untuk tidak menyebarkan ke orang lain.
Match or mismatch between English instructors’ and students’ beliefs about feedback on writing (study from Turkey)
Authors: Aslan Fehime
Published: July 2021

Going beyond the heated discussion about the necessity of feedback on writing, the aims of the study were twofold; to investigate students’ and English instructors’ beliefs about feedback on writing and examine whether there is a match or mismatch between them. In the light of the questionnaire data, the study revealed that there are both matches and mismatches between English instructors’ and students’ beliefs about error correction and feedback practices on writing. The study suggests some useful implications for teacher education programs and educational institutions.
Keywords: English as a foreign language teaching; feedback; practices on writing; students’ perceptions; teacher preferences.
Intelligent CBR system for automation of the search process for efficient methods for cleaning exhaust gases
Authors: Bugaieva Liudmyla , Beznosyk Yurii
Published: July 2021

In this study, the objective is to develop an intelligent system for making decisions on the choice of methods for cleaning exhaust gases from sulfur and nitrogen oxides using the Case-Based Reasoning- (CBR). The task of automating the selection of effective methods for cleaning waste gases is urgent and meets the paradigm of sustainable development.

A database on methods for cleaning exhaust gases from nitrogen and sulfur oxides was created. The potential use of intelligent inference on precedents from the database to select the most appropriate cleaning method for new emission stream data is considered. The work of the CBR method is represented as a life cycle, which has four main stages: Retrieving, Reusing, Revising and Retaining.

The following characteristics of precedents were considered: degree of purification, initial concentration, temperature, presence of impurities, obtained product, material consumption, and energy consumption. All of these characteristics (in CBR attributes), except for the fourth and fifth, are given by numerical values with respective units of measurement and can be easily normalized. The presence of impurities and the product are categorical attributes with a certain set of values (classes).

One of the main problems in CBR was solved: the problem of choosing the type of indexes. A set of all input characteristics of the precedent as indices is suggested to be used for the proposed decision support system (DSS) for methods of cleaning gas emissions.

The first two phases of the CBR lifecycle use the k-nearest neighbor method to Retrieving and Reusing. The Euclidean metric is used to estimate the distances between precedents in the developed system. During the third and fourth phases of CBR, the intervention of the decision maker is provided. The process finishes with the adoption of the found solution and the possible storage of this solution in the base of use cases.

An intelligent decision-making system has been developed for the selection of methods for cleaning exhaust gases from sulfur and nitrogen oxides based on the method of inference by precedents (CBR), which has been done for the first time for such tasks of chemical technology.
Effects of a Perpendicularly Applied Magnetic Field on Harmonically Driven
Quasi-two-dimensional Electron Gas: the Static Macrostates Symmetry Breaking and
Generation of Even Harmonics in System Output
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Smolar V. A. ,   Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University, Karyakina T. I. ,   Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University, Maglevanny I. I.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we consider activation processes in a nonlinear metastable system based on a quasi-two-dimensional superlattice and study the dynamics of such a system, which is externally driven by a harmonic force in regimes of controlled instabilities. The spontaneous transverse electric field is considered as an order parameter and the forced violations of the order parameter are considered as a response of a system to periodic driving. The internal control parameters are the longitudinal applied electric field, the sample temperature and the magnetic field which is orthogonal to the superlattice plane. We investigate the cooperative effects of self-organization and high harmonic forcing in such a system from the viewpoint of catastrophe theory It is shown through numerical simulations that the additional magnetic field breaks the static macrostates symmetry and leads to generation of even harmonics; it also allows the control of the intensity of particular harmonics. The intensity of even harmonics demonstrates resonant-type nonmonotonic dependence on control parameters with the maxima at points close to critical points of the synergetic potential.
Autoassociative Hamming Neural Network
Authors:   The State University of Management, Antipova E. S. ,   Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics RAS, Rashkovskiy S. A.
Published: July 2021

An autoassociative neural network is suggested which is based on the calculation of Hamming distances, while the principle of its operation is similar to that of the Hopfield neural network. Using standard patterns as an example, we compare the efficiency of pattern recognition for the autoassociative Hamming network and the Hopfield network. It is shown that the autoassociative Hamming network successfully recognizes standard patterns with a degree of distortion up to $40\%$ and more than $60\%$, while the Hopfield network ceases to recognize the same patterns with a degree of distortion of more than $25\%$ and less than $75\%$. A scheme of the autoassociative Hamming neural network based on McCulloch – Pitts formal neurons is proposed. It is shown that the autoassociative Hamming network can be considered as a dynamical system which has attractors that correspond to the reference patterns. The Lyapunov function of this dynamical system is found and the equations of its evolution are derived.
EXISTING CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS AND FUNCTIONAL PROCESS OF HOTELS
Authors: Galičić Vlado
Published: July 2021

Funkcionalna organizacijska struktura je tradicionalni model sustava veza i odnosa, najrasprostranjeniji je i najčešće upotrebljavani oblik organizacijske strukture u hrvatskim hotelskim poduzećima. Hotelska poduzeća u Hrvatskoj započinjala su svoj život funkcionalnom strukturom, a s vremenom, uslijed rasta i razvoja prelaze na druge oblike strukture. Hrvatsko hotelijerstvo nalazi se u razdoblju velikih promjena, a cilj menadžera u hotelskim poduzećima je uspješnost i konkurentnost na tržištu, smanjenje troškova i povećanje profita. Orijentacija ka tržišnom gospodarstvu neminovno zahtijeva važne promjene u poslovanju hotelskih poduzeća, pa je mijenjanje postojećeg poslovnog sustava osnovni preduvjet buduće efikasnosti i konkurentnosti. Fokus promatranja je proširen, ne promatraju se više zadaci, poslovi, ljudi ili strukture, već isključivo procesi. Procesno orijentirana funkcionalna struktura predstavlja podvrstu funkcionalne organizacijske strukture u kojoj se organizacijske jedinice formiraju prema fazama procesa proizvodnje, odnosno prema fazama tehnološkog procesa. U osnovi je funkcionalna, samo se organizacijske jedinice, umjesto prema poslovnim funkcijama, formiraju prema procesnim funkcijama. Na taj se način procesi odvajaju od pojedinih odjela i ukazuju na učestvovanje više odjela u jednom procesu, a promatranje hotela kroz njegove procese daje vjerodostojniju sliku poslovanja.
QUANTITATIVE APPLICATION OF THE SERVQUAL MODEL IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY
Authors: Marković Suzana
Published: July 2021

U radu se prikazuju rezultati kvantitativne primjene SERVQUAL modela (Parasuraman et al., 1988.) u hotelskoj industriji. Istraživanje je provedeno za vrijeme božićnih i novogodišnjih praznika 2001/2002. godine u šesnaest hotela Opatijske rivijere na stratificiranom slučajnom uzorku (N = 401) hotelskih gostiju. Rezultati kvantitativne primjene SERVQUAL modela u hotelskoj industriji pokazuju da su očekivanja hotelskih gostiju veća od njihove percepcije. To ukazuje na postojanje negativnog SERVQUAL jaza. Rezultati faktorske analize ukazuju na čistu faktorsku strukturu uz relativno visoke faktorske koeficijente. Trodimenzionalno rješenje ljestvice očekivanja rezultira sljedećim faktorima: pouzdanost, susretljivost i stručnost hotelskog osoblja i kvaliteta fizičkog izgleda. Ljestvicu percepcije također sačinjavaju tri faktora: susretljivost i stručnost hotelskog osoblja, pouzdanost i kvaliteta fizičkog izgleda. Osim faktorske analize, provedena je i analiza pouzdanosti, te izračunata složena pouzdanost te konstrukcije. Rezultati pokazuju da svi faktori premašuju preporučenu razinu 0.50 (Hair et al., 1995), rangirajući se od 0.77 do 0.96. Alpha koeficijent za ljestvicu očekivanja iznosi 0.8246, dok je za ljestvicu percepcije nešto veći i iznosi 0.9243. Dakle, istraživanje je pokazalo da je SERVQUAL instrument, korišten u ovom istraživanju, visoko pouzdan. Međutim, potrebna je i daljnja prilagodba i provjera instrumenta za ispitivanje, što uključuje i testiranje valjanosti instrumenta.
DETERMINING THE CURRENT SITUATION IN THE AREA OF LEASING ACCOUNTING IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN CROATIA
Authors: Vlašić Dubravka
Published: July 2021

Lizing kao oblik financiranja ima određene prednosti koje mogu bili značajne za hotelijersku djelatnost, a posebno za hotelska poduzeća sa sezonskim karakterom poslovanja. Rezultati istraživanja prezentiraju postojeće stanje korištenja lizinga u hotelijerskun poduzećima u Hrvatskoj, vrste imovine koje se koriste na lizing te način računovodstvenog evidentiranja lizinga kao i oblik i učestalost prezentiranja informacija o lizingu internim i eksternim korisnicima.
FACTORS OF LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CROATIAN HOTEL INDUSTRY
Authors: Črnjar Kristina
Published: July 2021

Hotelska industrija se danas susreće sa čitavim nizom izazova a jedan od uvijek aktualnih je povećanje produktivnosti. Hotelska poduzeća će na bazi svoje visoke produktivnosti, visoke kvalitete proizvoda i usluga i inovacija stvarati konkurentsku prednost na svjetskom tržištu. Rad se u hotelskoj industriji koristi kao input/resurs za proizvodnju i stvaranje svih proizvoda i usluga pa se javlja potreba praćenja, mjerenja i analize produktivnost rada. U članku se obrađuje produktivnost rada i faktori koji utječu na nju te se daje kratki osvrt na ljudski kapital i produktivnost rada u hotelskoj industriji Hrvatske.
BUSINESS REORGANIZATION AND HOTEL PROCESS FUNCTION
Authors: Galičić Vlado
Published: July 2021

Kao odgovor na rastuću konkurenciju, menadžment hotela mora razviti nove grupe hotelskih usluga i svoju ponudu usredotočiti na određene segmente turističkog tržišta. Iz toga slijedi da se tržišna segmentacija turističkog tržišta ogleda u organizacijskoj segmentaciji. Svaka organizacija poslovnih funkcija i radnih procesa koji se odvijaju u hotelu, odraz je cilja zbog kojeg je ustanovljena i okolnosti u kojima djeluje. Prvi preduvjet razumijevanja te organizacije je razumijevanje novih konkurencijskih utjecaja i modernih upravljačkih metoda koje se javljaju u rastućem opsegu. Mijenjanje tradicionalne organizacije u modemu organizaciju, danas je jedan od najvećih izazova hotelskom menadžmentu. Kroz proces poslovnog reinženjeringa i usredotočenje na odvijanje poslovnih procesa, posao menadžmcnta izvršit će se uspješnije, naročito ako se imaju na umu organizacijske implikacije koje sa sobom donosi.
MEASURING THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION IN THE BUSINESS RESULTS OF THE HOTEL
Authors: Maškarin Helga
Published: July 2021

Ovim se istraživanjem podupire jedna opće prihvaćenih „istina” kako je povezanost zadovoljstva zaposlenika poslom i rezultata poslovanja osobito jasna i izražena u uslužnoj industriji, te je istraživanje provedeno na primjeru hotelske industrije. Ljudi su centralni resurs efektivnog poslovanja hotelske industrije kao izrazito radno-intenzivne industrije.