bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Fingerprint of Climate Variability on the Surface Ocean Cycling of Iron and its Isotopes
Authors: König Daniela , Tagliabue Alessandro
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The essential micronutrient iron (Fe) limits phytoplankton growth when dissolved Fe (dFe) concentrations are too low to meet biological demands. However, many of the processes that remove, supply, or transform Fe are poorly constrained, which limits our ability to predict how ocean productivity responds to ongoing and future changes in climate. In recent years, isotopic signatures (ẟ56Fe) of Fe have increasingly been used to gain insight into the ocean Fe cycle, as distinct ẟ56Fe endmembers of external Fe sources and ẟ56Fe fractionation during processes such as Fe uptake by phytoplankton can leave a characteristic imprint on dFe signatures (ẟ56Fediss). However, given the relative novelty of these measurements, the temporal scale of ẟ56Fediss observations is limited. Thus, it is unclear how the changes in ocean physics and biogeochemistry associated with ongoing or future climate change will affect ẟ56Fediss on interannual to decadal time scales. To explore the response of ẟ56Fediss to such climate variability, we conducted a suite of experiments with a global ocean model with active ẟ56Fe cycling under two climate scenarios. The first scenario is based on an atmospheric reanalysis and includes recent climate variability (1958–2021), whereas the second comes from a historical and high emissions climate change simulation to 2100. We find that under recent climatic conditions (1975–2021), interannual ẟ56Fediss variability is highest in the tropical Pacific due to circulation and productivity changes related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which alter both endmember and uptake fractionation effects on ẟ56Fediss by redistributing dFe from different external sources and shifting nutrient limitation patterns. While the tropical Pacific remains a hotspot of ẟ56Fediss variability in the future, the most substantial end of century ẟ56Fediss changes occur in the Southern hemisphere at mid to high latitudes. These arise from uptake fractionation effects due to shifts in nutrient limitation. Based on these strong responses to climate variability, ongoing measurements of ẟ56Fediss may help diagnose changes in external Fe supply and ocean nutrient limitation.
Cryogenic cave minerals recorded 1889 CE melt event in northeast Greenland
Authors: Donner Anika , Töchterle Paul , Spötl Christoph , Hajdas Irka , Li Xianglei , Edwards R. Lawrence , Moseley Gina E.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The investigation of cryogenic cave minerals (CCMs) has developed in recent decades to be a particularly valuable proxy for palaeo-permafrost reconstruction. Due to difficulties, however, in obtaining reliable chronologies with the so-called “fine” form of these minerals, such studies have thus far utilised the “coarse” form. In this study, we successfully investigate the northernmost-known deposit of fine-grained cryogenic cave minerals (CCMs), which are situated in Cove Cave (Greenlandic translation: Eqik Qaarusussuaq), a low-elevation permafrost cave in northeast Greenland (80° N). The Cove Cave CCMs display a complex mineralogy that consists of fine-grained cryogenic cave carbonates (CCCfine) as well as sulphate minerals (gypsum, eugsterite, mirabilite, and löweite). In comparison to CCCfine from the mid-latitudes, positive δ13C values (7.0 to 11.4 ‰) recorded in Cove Cave are similar. In contrast, Cove Cave CCCfine δ18O values are ca. 8 to 16 ‰ lower. Furthermore, despite previous CCCfine dating efforts being unsuccessful, here we demonstrate that precise dating is possible with both isochron-based 230Th/U dating and 14C dating if the dead carbon fraction is reliably known. The dating result (65 ± 17 a BP; 1885 ± 17 CE) shows that the CCMs formed during the late Little Ice Age, a time interval characterised by cold temperatures and abundant permafrost in northeast Greenland, making water infiltration into Cove Cave dependent on water amount and latent heat. We relate the CCM formation to a combination of black carbon deposition and anomalously high temperatures, which occurred over a few days, in the summer of 1889 CE. Such extreme conditions led to widespread melting over large areas of the Greenland ice sheet. We propose that the anomalous (weather) conditions of 1889 CE also affected northeast Greenland, where the enhanced melting of a local ice cap resulted in water entering the cave and rapidly freezing. While CCCfine and gypsum likely precipitated concurrently with freezing, the origin of the other sulphate minerals might not be purely cryogenic but could be linked to subsequent sublimation of this ice accumulation in the very dry cave environment.
The concept of event-size dependent exhaustion and its application to paraglacial rockslides
Authors: Hergarten Stefan
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Rockslides are a major hazard in mountainous regions. In formerly glaciated regions, the disposition mainly arises from oversteepened topography and decreases through time. However, little is known about this decrease and thus about the present-day hazard of huge, potentially catastrophic rockslides. This paper presents a new theoretical concept that combines the decrease in disposition with the power-law distribution of rockslide volumes found in several studies. The concept starts from a given initial set of potential events, which are randomly triggered through time at a probability that depends on event size. The developed theoretical framework is applied to paraglacial rockslides in the European Alps, where available data allow for constraining the parameters reasonably well. The results suggest that the probability of triggering increases roughly with the cube root of the volume. For small rockslides up to 1000 m3, an exponential decrease of the frequency with an e-folding time longer than 65,000 yr is predicted. In turn, the predicted e-folding time is shorter than 2000 yr for volumes of 10 km3, so that the occurrence of such huge rockslides is unlikely at present times. For the largest rockslide possible at present times, a median volume of 0.5 to 1 km3 is predicted. With a volume of 0.27 km3, the artificially triggered rockslide that hit the Vaiont reservoir in 1963, is thus not extraordinarily large. Concerning its frequency of occurrence, however, it can be considered a 700 to 1200-year event.
Thunderstorm Types in Europe
Authors: Morgenstern Deborah , Stucke Isabell , Mayr Georg J. , Zeileis Achim , Simon Thorsten
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Lightning characteristics in all seasons are investigated across Europe because it is observed that lightning strikes to tall infrastructure have no or only a weak annual cycle whereas lightning in general has a pronounced annual cycle. Using cluster analysis on ERA5 reanalysis data and EUCLID lightning data, two major thunderstorm types are found: Wind-field thunderstorms characterized by increased wind speeds, strong updrafts, and high shear occurring mainly in winter. And mass-field thunderstorms characterized by increased mass-field variables such as large CAPE values, high dewpoint temperatures, and elevated isotherm heights, occurring mostly in summer. Several sub-types of these two main thunderstorm types exist. Using principal component analysis, four topographically distinct regions in Europe are identified that share similar thunderstorm characteristics: The mediterranean, alpine-central, continental, and coastal regions, respectively. Based on these results it is possible to differentiate lightning in different seasons without a static threshold or a seasonal criterion.
Dye tracer aided investigation of xylem water transport velocity distributions
Authors: Seeger Stefan , Weiler Markus
Published: January 2023

Abstract. A vast majority of studies investigating the source depths in the soil of root water uptake with the help of water stable isotopes implicitly assumes that the isotopic signatures of root water uptake and xylem water are identical. In this study we show that this basic assumption is not necessarily valid, since water transport between the root tips and an observed point above the root zone is not instantaneous. However, to our knowledge no study has yet tried to explicitly assess the distribution of water transport velocities within the xylem. With a dye tracer experiment we could visualize how the transport of water through the xylem happens at a wide range of velocities which are distributed unequally throughout the xylem. In an additional virtual experiment we could show that, due to the unequal distribution of transport velocities throughout the xylem, different sampling approaches of water stable isotopes might effectively lead to xylem water samples with different underlying age distributions.
C-Coupler3.0: an integrated coupler infrastructure for Earth system modeling
Authors: Liu Li , Sun Chao , Yu Xinzhu , Yu Hao , Jiang Qingu , Li Xingliang , Li Ruizhe , Wang Bin , Shen Xueshun , Yang Guangwen
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The Community Coupler (C-Coupler) for Earth system modeling is a coupler family that has been developed in China since 2010. C-Coupler3.0, the latest version, is fully compatible with the previous version, C-Coupler2, and is an integrated infrastructure with new features. i.e., a series of parallel optimization technologies for accelerating coupling initialization and reducing memory usage, a common halo-exchange library for developing a parallel version of a model, a common module-integration framework for integrating a software module (e.g., a flux algorithm, a parameterization scheme, and a data assimilation method), a common framework for conveniently developing a weakly coupled ensemble data assimilation system, and a common framework for flexibly inputting and outputting fields in parallel. Specifically, C-Coupler3.0 is able to handle coupling under much finer resolutions (e.g., more than 100 million horizontal grid cells) with fast coupling initialization and successful generation of remapping weight files.
Statistical post-processing of precipitation forecasts using circulation classifications and spatiotemporal deep neural networks
Authors: Zhang Tuantuan , Liang Zhongmin , Li Wentao , Wang Jun , Hu Yiming , Li Binquan
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Statistical post-processing techniques are widely used to reduce systematic biases and quantify forecast uncertainty in numerical weather prediction (NWP). In this study, we propose a method to correct the raw daily forecast precipitation by combining large-scale circulation patterns with local spatiotemporal information such as topography and meteorological factors. Particularly, we first use the self-organizing map (SOM) model to classify large-scale circulation patterns for each season, then build the convolutional neural network (CNN) model to extract spatial information (e.g., elevation, specific humidity, and mean sea level pressure) and long short-term memory network (LSTM) model to extract time series (e.g., t, t-1, t-2), and finally correct local precipitation for each circulation pattern separately. Furthermore, the proposed method (SOM-CNN-LSTM) is compared with other benchmark methods (i.e., CNN, LSTM, and CNN-LSTM) in the Huaihe River basin with a lead time of 15 days from 2007 to 2021. The results show that the proposed SOM-CNN-LSTM post-processing method outperforms other benchmark methods for all lead times and each season with the largest correlation coefficient improvement (32.30 %) and root mean square error reduction (26.58 %). Moreover, the proposed method can effectively capture the westward and northward movement of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), which impacts the basin's summer rain. The results illustrate that incorporating large-scale circulation patterns with local spatiotemporal information is a feasible and effective post-processing method to improve forecasting skills, which would benefit hydrological forecasts and other applications.
Measuring the spatiotemporal variability of snow depth in subarctic environments using unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) – Part 2: Snow processes and snow-canopy interactions
Authors: Meriö Leo-Juhani , Rauhala Anssi , Ala-aho Pertti , Kuzmin Anton , Korpelainen Pasi , Kumpula Timo , Kløve Bjørn , Marttila Hannu
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Detailed information on seasonal snow cover and depth is essential to the understanding of snow processes, operational forecasting, and as input for hydrological models. Recent advances in unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) and structure from motion (SfM) techniques have enabled low-cost monitoring of spatial snow depth distribution in resolutions up to a few centimeters. Here, we study the spatiotemporal variability of snow depth and interactions between snow and vegetation in different subarctic landscapes consisting of a mosaic of conifer forest, mixed forest, transitional woodland/shrub, and peatland areas. To determine the spatiotemporal variability of snow depth, we used high-resolution (50 cm) snow depth maps generated from repeated UAS-SfM surveys in the winter of 2018/2019 and a snow-free bare ground survey after snowmelt. Due to poor sub-canopy penetration with the UAS-SfM method, tree masks were utilized to remove canopy areas and the area (36 cm) immediately next to the canopy before analysis. Snow depth maps were compared to the in-situ snow course and a single-point continuous ultrasonic snow depth measurement. Based on the results, the difference between the UAS-SfM survey median snow depth and single-point measurement increased for all land cover types during the snow season, from +5 cm at the beginning of the accumulation to -16 cm in coniferous forests and -32 cm in peatland during the melt period. This highlights the poor representation of point measurements even on the sub-catchment scale. The high-resolution snow depth maps agreed well with the snow course measurement, but the spatial extent and resolution of maps were substantially higher. The snow depth variability (5–95 percentiles) within different land cover types increased from 17 cm to 42 cm in peatlands and from 33 cm to 49 cm in the coniferous forest from the beginning of the snow accumulation to the melt period. Both the median snow depth and its variability were found to increase with canopy density; this increase was greatest in the conifer forest area, followed by mixed forest, transitional woodland/shrub, and open peatlands. Using the high spatial resolution data, we found a systematic increase (2–20 cm), then a decline of snow depth near the canopy with increasing distance (from 1 m to 2.5 m) of the peak value through the snow season. This study highlights the potential of the UAS-SfM in high-resolution monitoring of snow depth in multiple land cover types and snow-vegetation interactions in subarctic and remote areas where field data is not available.
Trade Secrets in Biologic Medicine
Authors: Feldman Robin
Published: January 2023

Can something be both open and secret? That is the conundrum facing society as trade secret rights chafe against patent rights in cutting-edge, biologic medicine. The conflict is unsurprising. Trade secret has emerged as a relatively late bloomer among the family of intellectual property rights and only recently has begun to establish the boundaries of its own space, a process in which it will inevitably knock against other intellectual property doctrines already occupying their own domains. Nor is it surprising that the clash would arise in a fast-moving area of medical science. From insulin products, to cancer treatments, to mRNA vaccines, companies are staking the health of their  companies on biologics.
There is a dearth of legal literature on the topic of trade secrets in the biologic space and almost nothing regarding how trade secrets interact with the patent system in that domain. These scientific and legal areas are sufficiently complex that even the most intrepid scholars fear to tread. This article explains in detailed and accessible language how the systems are working together to the detriment of society.
To address the problem, this article argues that a company receiving a patent on a drug product should be required to disclose the full range of trade secrets necessary to make that drug. As the descriptions below will explain, patent applicants are able to satisfy the patent requirement of providing sufficient disclosure that “one skilled in the art can make and use” the invention, without actually providing the information to do so. The surrounding regulatory systems intended to facilitate sharing of clinical trial data suffer the same problem.
As is frequently said in biologics, “the process is the product.” In other words, the only way to define something derived from elements of living organisms is by describing the process of producing it. Thus, lack of process information is particularly problematic with biologics. Being faithful to the theoretical underpinnings of the intellectual property regimes requires a resolution of this problem and the establishment of a more effective boundary line between trade secrets and patents for biologic medicine.
Sağlık Ekosisteminde Yapay Zeka Kaygı Düzeyi: Hemşire Örneklemi
Authors: Gümüş Emel , Uysal Kasap Ece
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Bu araştırma, Türkiye’de çalışan hemşirelerin sağlık ekosisteminde yapay zeka kaygı düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tasarımda olan araştırmanın evreni, Türkiye’de çalışan hemşireler, örneklemini ise araştırmayı kabul eden 215 hemşire oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri, demografik ve mesleki özellikler formu ve Yapay Zeka Kaygı ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma verileri, tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve çoklu lineer regresyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hemşirelerin Yapay zeka kaygı düzeyi ortalama puanı 2,64 (SS=0,79) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Pozisyonu yönetici hemşire olanların yapay zeka kaygı düzeyleri daha düşük, diğer çalışanların ise daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma şekli vardiya olanların diğer çalışanlara kıyasla yapay zeka kaygı düzeyleri daha düşük bulunmuştur. Yapay zeka kaygı düzeyi en çok sürekli gece çalışanlarda görülmüştür. Sonuçlar: Çalışma sonucunda, hemşirelerin anksiyetelerinin yüksek, sağlıkla ilgili aşırı duyarlılık ve kaygılarının düşük olduğu saptandı. Araştırmada yaşın, gelir durumunun ve hastalık sürecindeki hissedilen duygunun sağlık anksiyetesini etkilediği görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçların daha büyük örneklemlerde ve daha farklı boyutlar eklenerek çalışılması ve anksiyeteye sebep olan durumların tespiti için nitel çalışmaların da yapılması önerilmektedir.
High-pressure garnet-bearing migmatites from the Chepelare area, Central Rhodope
Authors: Cherneva Zlatka , Georgieva Milena , Stancheva Elena , Gerdjikov Ianko
Published: January 2023

The association of Ca-rich garnet and Na-rich plagioclase in migmatites is a proper indicator for high-pressure melting. Garnet-bearing leucosome and aplitoid gneiss from the Mechi Chal peak in the Chepelare area of the Central Rhodope comprise a mineral assemblage produced by high-pressure melting: Ca-rich garnet (grossular 22–33 %), Na-rich antiperthitic plagioclase (An15–20), perthitic K-feldspar, quartz, and minor back reaction biotite replacing garnet rims. The approximate conditions of melt crystallization are in the range 1.6–1.9 GPa/800–850°C that is well above the P–T estimates available for the Central Rhodope migmatites. The study focuses attention on the key role of the high-pressure melting in the Alpine metamorphic evolution of the Central Rhodope.
Geochemistry of migmatite-granite connection: a case study from the Central Rhodope, Bulgaria
Authors: Raeva Emilia , Cherneva Zlatka
Published: January 2023

Extensive crustal melting and intrusive granite magmatism accompanied the extensional stage of the Rhodope massif Alpine evolution. Granites of different structural position and time of crystallization could reveal compositional and temporal relations between anatectic migmatization and granite magma generation. We have studied the post-kinematic Smilyan pluton and smaller syn-kinematic granite bodies hosted by the Madan unit metatexitic gneisses in the southwestern periphery of a metamorphic core complex known as Central Rhodopian Dome (CRD). The dominant geochemical features of the Madan unit granites display remarkable similarities with in situ formed anatectic melts from the CRD diatexitic core (Arda unit): felsic peraluminous compositions, low HFSE and REE, high LILE contents and LREE/HREE ratios, and negligible to positive Eu anomaly. Some deviations of the syn-kinematic granites geochemistry (metaluminous compositions, REE and HFSE enrichment, LREE/HREE ratios and Eu/Eu* variation) support an idea of separate partial melt batches extracted from different precursor compositions. Age data available (Smilyan pluton 43 Ma, and CRD core anatectic melts 37–38 Ma) preclude direct feedback relations between Madan unit intrusive granites and Arda unit migmatites. We infer that the migmatite-granite connection should be considered a common process of protracted Tertiary crustal melting that operated during CRD evolution and affected different crustal sources to produce discrete portions of granite melts. Major and trace elements geochemistry reveals potential lines of descent amongst groups of spatially related granitic rocks due to the same mechanism of melt generation.
Evaluation of the contamination in shallow aquifers caused by industrial activity
Authors: Gerginov Peter , Krastanov Miroslav
Published: January 2023

The human impact on the environment as a result of natural goods mastering often leads to contamination of wide areas. Example for that is the work of “Cumerio—Med” AD factory, situated between Zlatitsa and Pirdop towns. The hydrodynamic modelling shows the tendencies in groundwater movement in the investigated area. Simulation of pollutants migration for different periods have been made — copper and sulfates. The issue is fast transport of sulfates in comparison with copper.
The ecology of Upper Westphalian microflora from Dobrudzha Coal Basin, Bulgaria
Authors:   Geological Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 24, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, Dimitrova Tatyana
Published: January 2023

The study is based on coal samples from Makedonka, Krupen and Gurkovo Formations. More than 55 specimens were collected, which represent the Westphalian plants and have been recorded in the field for ecological purposes. This research considers the evolutionary and phylogenetic importance of the fossil plants identified, where determination of the composition and distribution of the miospore assemblages allows reconstruction of the flora. The study provides important information on the detailed structure of coal swamp vegetation. Global climate changes, mainly droughts, have forced vegetational changes, resulting in seed-plant world domination. The current result helps to assess the role of the different plant groups (microfloristic assemblages) in the shaping of terrestrial ecosystems over time, and provides insight into the origins of modern day terrestrial biodiversity.
Analysis of the theme of motherhood in contemporary Uzbek cinema
Authors: Khan O. V.
Published: January 2023

This article addresses the validity of the maternal discourse in films, as it builds a certain model for young viewers. Cinema is a powerful medium for addressing important topics and encouraging debates about pressing social issues. Movies covering a wide range of sensitive themes help raise the audience’s awareness, foster civic consciousness, and ensure public morality and its spread. In societies where a woman’s primary duty has historically been defined by her capacity to produce and raise children, cinema is effective for reinforcing and shaping opinions about women’s social roles and their “natural destiny.” Frequently, women are brought into the narrative exclusively through the motherly function or the supposed motherhood—girlfriend or bride. This can also be seen in Uzbek cinema’s approach to expressing femininity, which is tied not only to the cultural custom of honoring mothers but also to the peculiarities of the maternal discourse. However, motherhood, mothers, and their portrayal onscreen reveal much more about society, culture, and the messages they transmit have real-life impacts.
Att göra många till en – om populismens logik
Authors: Lalér Theodor , Sundby Martin
Published: January 2023

This article introduces Ernesto Laclau’s theory of populism to Scandinavian rhetorical studies. The need for such an introduction emanates from a current lack of conceptual resources to analyze manifestations of populism as crucial for democratic politics. Laclau’s theory of populism aims to explain the rhetorical processes involved in struggles of political power as well as the conﬂictual dimension inherent to democractic politics. It is an indispensable perspective for rhetorical scholars interested in political rhetoric in general, as it is relevant for analysis of the entire political spectra, not merely its periphery. The article consists of three parts: First, a review of the literatu-re on populism; Second, a presentation of Laclau’s theory of populism; Third, an example analysis of a liberal-populist movement in Sweden during the 1970’s and 1980’s.
Keywords populism, Ernesto Laclau, antagonism, empty signiﬁer, chains of equivalence, affect, political rhetoric
Den mytiska argumentationsbasen. Roland Barthes mytbegrepp i retorisk argumentationsteori
Authors: Bengtson Erik
Published: January 2023

To understand the function of standpoints and arguments we need to analyze their basis, which means the socially and symbolically constructed foundation of knowledge, that in a specific situation forms the frame of reference when symbolic utterances are interpreted and new knowledge and new standpoints are evaluated. To make the function of this basis for argumentation visible we can use Roland Barthes semiological theory of myths and thereby view argumentation as a mythical rather than logical enterprise. In this article, the concept of myth is discussed in relation to other central concepts in ­rhetoric, such as doxa, topos and narrative. I illustrate the way myth oriented rhetorical criticism could be performed through an example analysis of the rhetorical strategies of the Moderate party in the Swedish election campaign of 2006
A rare case of multiple autoimmune syndrome after sars-cov2 infection
Authors:   DIM- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, “Cesare Frugoni”, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” School of Medicine, Poli-clinico Hospital, Bari, Italy., Graziade Marta i , Nardella Jennifer ,   DIM- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, “Cesare Frugoni”, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” School of Medicine, Poli-clinico Hospital, Bari, Italy., Sorrento Chiara ,   DIM- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, “Cesare Frugoni”, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” School of Medicine, Poli-clinico Hospital, Bari, Italy., Pia Volini Anna ,   DIM- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, “Cesare Frugoni”, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” School of Medicine, Poli-clinico Hospital, Bari, Italy., Sabba Carlo ,   DIM- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, “Cesare Frugoni”, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” School of Medicine, Poli-clinico Hospital, Bari, Italy., Perrone Antonio ,   DIM- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, “Cesare Frugoni”, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” School of Medicine, Poli-clinico Hospital, Bari, Italy.
Published: January 2023

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) is a complex clinical entity, which includes features of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) and Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis (PM/DM), along with the presence of a distinctive antibody, anti-U1-Ribonucleoprotein (RNP). Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the liver. It is characterized by increase in transaminase and immunoglobulin G levels, the presence of autoantibodies, and portal inflammatory infiltrate with interface hepatitis at liver biopsy. Primary biliary cholangitis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune liver disease that is characterized by a positive antimitochondrial antibodies test and consequent progressive destruction of the small intrahepatic bile duct. Many reports have confirmed the development of autoimmune diseases after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Here we report the case of a 64-year-old woman, with a positive medical history for SARS-CoV2 infection, who was admitted to our Internal Medicine Unit “Cesare Frugoni”, Policlinico Hospital, Bari, in January 2022, and diagnosed with an extremely rare Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome (MAS), consisting in Mixed connective tissue disease, autoimmune hepatitisand primary biliary cholangitis.
False hypoperfusion detected by RAPID software due to status epilepticus
Authors:   Neurology Department, Hospital UniversitariArnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain., Vazquez Justes Daniel , Paul Arias Miriam ,   Neurology Department, Hospital UniversitariArnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain., Baraldes Rovira Mariona ,   Neurology Department, Hospital UniversitariArnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain., Saureu Rufach Rovira; Eugenia ,   Neurology Department, Hospital UniversitariArnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain., Mitjana Raquel ,   Radiology Department, Diagnostic Institute (IDI), Hospital UniversitariArnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Automated CT Perfusion (CTP) has become an essential decision-making tool for treatment decision in the extended-time window of acute ischemic stroke. But its interpretation can be challenging. Making a correct diagnosis requires a good clinical examination, in conjunction with neuroimaging. Case report: We present a case of an 85-year-old patient who presented a seizure in the emergency room, followed by a left hemiplegia, language impairment and left gaze deviation. Stroke code protocol was performed, and RAPID software showed left hemisphere hypoperfusion. Detailed examination showed right hemisphere hyperperfusion with decreased Tmax in the left hemisphere. Active seizures were suspected, and an electroencephalogram was performed, which confirmed Non-convulsive status epilepticus from the right side. Conclusion: RAPID software should be interpreted cautiously. Clinical examination is essential, in order to not misdiagnose ischemic stroke in cases of images suggestive of hypoperfusion.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura a new threat of a savior: A case report
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Shateri Amiri Bahareh , Radkhah Hanie ,   Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Taslimi Reza ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shahbazi Zahra ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Khadembashiri Mohamad Mehdi ,   Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2023

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a potentially fatal consumptive coagulopathy that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. It is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, with microthrombosis. COVID-19 vaccination is proven to reduce disease morbidity and mortality. Vaccines have been hypothesized to link to certain autoimmune diseases. We present the case of a 43-year-old man with no personal or family history of hematologic diseases who admitted with a chief complaint of fever and icterus 15 days after vaccination with the second dose of COVID_19 AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S). Clinical and Laboratory data (increased LDH, decreased haptoglobin, and indirect hyperbilirubinemia) was suspicious of TTP. We confirm the diagnosis of TTP With low ADAMTS13. To our knowledge, this is the first Iranian case of vaccine-induced TTP that has been reported. In conclusion, for accurate diagnosis of patients with clinical symptoms of thrombocytopenia after COVID-19 vaccination, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of acquired TTP.
Net-zero Strategies of Saudi Arabia and Türkiye: Analysis and Comparison
Authors:   The Institute of Middle East, Yoo Hak-Sik , Shin Sang-Yoon
Published: January 2023

As part of the global response to climate change, most countries are moving towards carbon neutrality beyond reducing carbon emissions. In this process, Middle Eastern countries seem to be passive. However, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye are implementing carbon reduction policies actively and trying to link their effort with energy transition and national competitiveness. This study focuses on Saudi Arabia and Türkiye and explains where those two countries are situated regarding carbon emissions and how strongly the reduction targets have been set. Also, it shows the target years the two countries announced for achieving net zero and their specific efforts. The net-zero strategies of the two countries are meaningful in that they suggest a way to reduce carbon emissions, energy transitions, and net-zero for similar countries in the Middle East.
Product Space Analysis of the Potential Area for Korea-UAE-Israel Trilateral Economic Cooperation
Authors:   The Institute of Middle East, Jung Jae Wook
Published: January 2023

The Abraham Accords agreed between the UAE and Israel in 2020 have rapidly developed economic cooperation between the two countries. Despite the economic complementarity between the UAE and Israel in terms of technology and capital resources, they have been seeking trilateral cooperation with third countries due to their small markets and lack of manufacturing capabilities. Korea is an important candidate for their trilateral economic cooperation as it has competitive experience in commercializing cutting-edge technology and strong manufacturing competence. This paper explores potential areas for trilateral economic cooperation to maximize economic complementarity among Korea, the UAE, and Israel. Specifically, the Product Space analysis with BACI trade data suggests potential areas of cooperation for each scenario to increase economic complexity and exports or to decrease import dependency based on each country’s comparative advantage and import demand structure.
A Study on the Usage of ‘rā’ and Its Education through the Analysis on Iranian Film Scripts
Authors:   The Institute of Middle East, Kwak Sae-Ra , Lee Se-Eun , Chu Da-Yeon
Published: January 2023

The postposition rā, which is traditionally considered a direct object case assigner and a marker for definiteness or specificity in Persian, is a difficult grammatical element for learners because of its semantic and pragmatic characteristics. However, the way to teach this element has not been studied thoroughly. In this paper, we critically review previous linguistic analysis and textbooks on this element in order to see whether the analysis is useful for the learners. In addition, based on the pattern of errors in the use of rā by Korean learners of Persian, this paper is finds that the learning materials should provide concrete and explicit explanations of the element. Accordingly, the phrase or structures in which rā is used are classified and presented in detail, taking Iranian film scripts as a corpus since those scripts can provide various semantic and pragmatic contexts of rā.
Research on the Changes to Narrative Discourse in Modern Arab Literature Post-Defeat in the War of 1967: Focusing on Naguib Mahfouz’s Novel, Under the Canopy
Authors:   The Institute of Middle East, Baek Hye-Won
Published: January 2023

This study began with the premise of recognizing the importance of narrative analysis that focuses on analyzing and critiquing a work of literature based not on its content, but rather on how its content is delivered. Therefore, this study first elaborates upon the concept of the narrative being its own independent research topic in the field of literature, as well as the serial processes and principles by which it can become its own standard in analyzing works of literature, and at the same time, examines in detail what the formative elements of a narrative are. In addition, this research identifies how, after defeat in the Third Arab-Israeli War in 1967, narrative discourse in modern Arab literature changed and developed in a form different from previous discourse; the research further analyzes the cause of these changes from internal and external perspectives. Furthermore, the researcher uses Egyptian author Naguib Mahfouz’s short story Under the Canopy as an example to discuss the main characteristics of narrative discourse in Arab literature as newly formed after the War of 1967, and to analyze the hidden messages within this narrative technique.
A Study on a Possibility of Change in the Biden Administration's Policy on JCPOA: A Constructive Perspective on Iranian Nuclear Issues
Authors:   The Institute of Middle East, Lee Seong Soo
Published: January 2023

This study aims to examine the JCPOA(Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) and America's reversibility to JCPOA in the future. Its purposes are as follows: Firstly, to examine the character of JCPOA from a perspective of ‘solutions to international conflict’ based on constructivism theory. Secondly, to analyze the key components of nuclear problems between Iran and America from a constructive perspective. Thirdly, to lay the foundations to analyze US policy toward the Middle East by recognizing how they proceeded with nuclear negotiations with Iran. The JCPOA was seen as one of the Obama administration's main achievements, but it was decimated when President Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew in 2018. However, since Biden's election as president, he has been making steady efforts to revive the process. This study aims to examine how to solve the conflict between these two parties.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE SOCIAL–ECONOMIC MOTIVES THROUGH THE DECISION OF ZAKAT TO USE DIGITAL SERVICES (CASE STUDY OF LAZ AL AZHAR)
Authors: Khairrani Arifah , Nikensari Sri Indah , Iranto Dicky
Published: January 2023

As a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, there is excellent potential for Islamic financial instruments for the prosperity of the people, one of which is Zakat as an instrument of income distribution that can be the answer to problems that are visible in Indonesia, economic and social. Zakat itself has complete laws and instruments, but the potential and reality of its collection are still reversed. This study describes the conditions of collecting Zakat and the factors influencing muzakki's decision on digital Zakat. Using the Analytical Network Process (ANP) method, the factors influencing muzakki's decisions are trust, ease of use, and zakat literacy. The results of this study indicate that trust, ease of use, and zakat literacy affect the decision of muzakki to pay Zakat digitally. The first result shows that the ease of use factor has the most considerable influence on the decision of the digital Zakat and the most influential sub-factor is flexibility
THE RELATIONSHIP OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND SERVICE QUALITY TOWARDS CUSTOMER LOYALTY AT MHR BURGER’S DURING COVID-19 ENDEMIC
Authors: Basir Nur Nilam Sari Mohd , Farradia Yuary , Harun Amran
Published: January 2023

This paper aims to analyse the relationship of customer satisfaction and service quality toward customer loyalty at MHR Burger’s during Covid-19 endemic. Customer loyalty refers to a continuing emotional bond between you and your customer, manifested by a customer’s willingness to engage with and frequently purchase from you against your rivals. The main objectives of this study are to examine the relationship between customer satisfaction and services quality in MHR Burger’s during a Covid-19 endemic and secondly, to examine the mediator role of customer satisfaction between service quality and customer loyalty in MHR Burgers during a Covid-19 endemic. The variables involved in this study were perceived service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. Samples of this study were customers of the MHR Burger’s restaurant in Malaysia. Quantitative method is used to analyse the relationships within variables. This research examined 250 respondents by spreading the online questionnaires that were analysed by using Structural Equation Model method. To collect the data, this study used convenience-sampling method. Study data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26 and Microsoft Excel. The results concluded that there is positive relationship between service quality with customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in which customer satisfaction has significant role as a mediator between service quality and customer loyalty at MHR Burger’s during Covid - 19 endemic
The forgotten lender: the role of multilateral lenders in sovereign debt and default
Authors: Bru Muñoz María
Published: January 2023

The role of multilateral lenders in sovereign default has been traditionally overlooked by the literature. However, these creditors represent a significant share of lending to emerging markets and feature very distinct characteristics, such as lower interest rates and seniority. By including these creditors in a traditional DSGE model of sovereign default, I reproduce the high debt levels found in the data while maintaining default probabilities within realistic values. Additionally, I am able to analyze the role of multilateral debt in emerging economies. Multilateral loans complement private financing and reduce the incompleteness of international financial markets. Also, multilateral funding acts as an insurance mechanism in bad times, providing countries with some degree of consumption smoothing, opposite to the role of front-loading consumption fulfilled by private financing.
Implementation of Educational Organization Diagnosis in Junior High Schools
Authors: Izzati Umi Anugerah , Mulyana Olievia Prabandini
Published: January 2023

This study aims to carry out an educational organizational diagnosis in junior high schools. The method used in this research is quantitative. Data collection was carried out by distributing the instrument to the subject. The instrument was compiled using an organizational diagnosis scale developed by the research team based on the Weisboard Concept. The subjects of this study were 40 teachers who worked in one of the junior high schools in Surabaya. Teachers who are the subject of research in this school have a minimum working period of one year—the data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics. The results of this study indicate that in junior high school, most aspects consisting of goals, structure, leadership, relationships, and helpful mechanisms are already in the high category. While the reward aspect needs to be improved further. Therefore, in the future, this school needs to improve a better reward system so that this school becomes better.
Development of Local Wisdom-Based "Sandal Wayang" Game Tools to Improve Physical Motor Ability of Children with Special Needs in Early Childhood Education Inclusion
Authors: Hasibuan Rachma , Pratiwi Ajeng Putri , Reza Muhammad , Widayanti Melia Dwi , Jannah Miftakhul
Published: January 2023

Childhood is an important period for development and an opportunity to learn and develop motor skills and physical fitness through Movement-based play. This research will develop a play tool, "sandal wayang" (sayang), based on wayang characters, namely the "punakawan" family, to improve the physical motor skills of children with special needs in Inclusive ECE. The development method used in this study is the ADDIE (Analyze, Development, Design, Implementation, Evaluation) model, with data collection through observation, surveys, and interviews. The targets of this development research trial were teachers and students at the Kharisma Sidoarjo Kindergarten institution. The product of this research is a "sayang" game with wayang characters from the Pandawa family (Semar, Petrok, Gareng, Bagong) and Gatotkaca, as well as a guidebook on how to use the "sayang" game. The results of the material and media validation state that the "sayang" game tool that has been developed is suitable for use in learning. The implementation results show that there is an increase in balance and coordination of movements before and after playing "sayang".
Persepsi Pencapaian Nilai Kognitif pada Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Fitriani Nurlinda , Salehudin Mohammad
Published: January 2023

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui suatu informasi mengenai hasil pencapaian belajar melalui pembelajaran daring. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, menggunakan model kuesioner, data kuantitatif dibutuhkan dalam bentuk persentase. Penelitian dipilih untuk memperoleh data hasil eksplorasi perihal nilai kognitif pada pembelajaran daring, dan survey dilakukan secara online. Kemampuan kognitif perlu dikembangkan dan diperhatikan. Kemampuan kognitif pada peserta didik berkembang sejalan dengan persepsi. Perkembangan kognitif berperan penting pada proses pembelajaran karena akan berpengaruh pada akademik peserta didik. Faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan kognitif adalah lingkungan dan juga usaha dalam mengembangkan kemampuan kognitif tersebut. Selama masa pandemic, pembelajaran dialihkan menjadi pembelajaran daring, dan pembelajaran daring yang dilaksanakan dengan adanya motivasi dan semangat dari peserta didik maupun pendidik dalam pembelajaran daring maka pembelajaran daring dapat menghasilkan nilai kognitif.
Pengembangan Pojok Literasi Berbasis Potensi Alam di Desa Kamal Kecamatan Arjasa Kabupaten Jember Jawa timur
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Putri Agustin , Supeno Supeno , Ningrum Dina Dwi Septya , Arianingrum Dena , Qodriyah Gita Eka Lailatul
Published: January 2023

Desa Kamal Kecamatan Arjasa Kabupaten Jember memiliki potensi hasil pertanian yang melimpah. Walaupun demikian, keterampilan warga terhadap optimalisasi pemanfaatan potensi tersebut agar memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi masih perlu dikembangkan. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan desa cerdas dalam bentuk program pengabdian masyarakat di bidang pendidikan non-formal yang mewadahi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan keterampilannya. Untuk merealisasikan hal tersebut, tim PPK HMP ASE melakukan mengembangkan program “Smart Village Center” dengan berdasarkan adanya persoalan dalam hal pemanfaatan potensi alam lokal yang kurang maksimal. Program ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan kecakapan hidup masyarakat desa dalam mengolah dan mengembangkan potensi alam lokal sehingga bisa menghasilkan kegiatan ekonomi baru. Metode pelaksanaan program ini meliputi sosialisasi program, pembentukan pojok literasi, menyusun kurikulum, koordinasi dan pembentukan pengurus, peresmian program, pelatihan kewirausahaan dan pengolahan potensi alam, dan monev. Hasil dari pelaksanaan ini adalah terbentuknya lima pojok literasi dengan karakteristik yang berbeda-beda, yaitu pojok literasi jagung di Dusun Klanceng, pojok literasi tebu di Dusun Krajan, pojok literasi pisang di Dusun Duplang, pojok literasi kelapa di Dusun Kopang, dan pojok literasi kopi di Dusun Gumitir. Keterampilan masyarakat desa dalam mengolah dan mengembangkan potensi alam local meningkat sehingga dapat meningkatkan perekonomian warga.