bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Studies on Substances of Plant Origin with Coronary Dilatating and Antiarrhythmic Action
Authors: PETKOV V. , MANOLOV P.
Published: November 2004

Studies were made of the action of biologically active substances isolated from medicinal plants on the coronary circulation under normal conditions and under conditions of induced coronary insufficiency, as well as on models of rhythmic disturbances provoked by different methods. The substances tested were: iridoid Oleuropein isolated from the olive leaves (Olea europaea); valepotriatic fraction V pt2 isolated for the valerian roots (Valeriana officinalis), all the flavonoids named crataemon and the hyperoside isolated from it, obtained from the flowers and leaves of hawthorn (Crataegus monogina); and all the furocoumarines named peucordin isolated from Peucedanum officinale. The results of these studies suggest that oleuropein, the valepotratic fraction, carataemon, hyperoside, and peucordin produce a clear-cut coronary dilatory action. The coronary flow of a rabbit heart isolated after the method of Langendorf was found to increase by more than 160% by crataemon (2×10-5), hyperoside (1×10-5) and peucordin (2×10-5) and more than 50% by oleuropein and the valepotriatic fraction. This effect of cratemon, hyperoside, and peucordin showed them to be superior to prenylamine. The coronary dilatory effect was also evaluated in experiments on whole organism (cats). It was found that in a dose of 10 mg/kg, peucordin increased the coronary flow by 82% hyperoside by 47%; crataemon, by 37% and the valepotriatic fraction, by 30%. The natural substances tested also eliminated induced pituitrin coronary spasm (experiments on unanaesthetized rabbits). Some of these substances showed a marked antiarrhythmic action, too. Oleuropein was active against BaCl2-induced arrhythmia (in rabbits) and against calcium-induced arrhythmia (in rats); it weakened the aconitine-induced arrhythmia. Crataemon also exerted a clear-cut effect on some kinds of induced arrhythmia. Crataemon and peucordin decrease oxygen utilization in the myocardium.
Studies on the Nature of Violet Tongue
Authors: Shi Y. D. , Lian Z. J. , Chen J. M. , Chen Z. L.
Published: November 2004

In Chinese traditional medicine violet tongue was regarded as an important symptom for diagnosing "blood stasis" and the principle of "activating blood and relieving stasis" was considered as a main remedy for treating "blood stasis." In the present article, the factors causing violet tongue, violet color change of tongue after treatment with Chinese drugs, and the relationship between violet tongue and "blood stasis" were studied and discussed from the following aspects: hemorheology, biochemistry of plasma, immunology, aging, and disorder of heart and vessels.
Role of the Polymodal Receptors in Acupuncture Analgesia of the Rat
Authors: Kawakita Kenji
Published: November 2004

Analgesic effects of thermal, chemical and mechanical stimulation applied to the same acupuncture point were measured by the tail flick test in rates. Thermal stimulation through the needle (42-45°C, for 20-30 min) induced a significant delay of the tail flick latency (P<0.01-0.001, two sample t-test) during stimulation and it exhibited after-effects for 20 min. Thermal stimulation-produced analgesia was not abolished by the skin removal around the needle point but was rather potentiated, and was antagonized by subcutaneous injection of an opiate antagonist levallorphan (1.0 mg/kg). Intramuscular injection of 4.5% NaC1 (0.15 ml) into the point and mechanical stimulation of the point induced significant analgesia (P<0.01-0.001), but the summation of the chemical and mechanical stimulation did not potentiate the effect. Electrophysiological study indicated that thermal, chemical and mechanical stimulations used in the behavioral experiment could activate the same unitary discharge from the needling point, and they were supposed to be the polymodal receptors of the muscle. These results suggest that the polymodal receptors of the muscle participate, at least in part, in the peripheral process of development of acupuncture analgesia.
The Physiology of Pain
Authors: Burgess P. R.
Published: November 2004

Evidence is presented that the signal that damage has occurred to an animal begins with the activation of receptors which respond specifically to noxious stimuli. In fact, different types of nociceptors are found which respond selectively to different types of damage. The activity of nociceptive sensory fibers influences neurons in the spinal cord which are not activated by other types of somatic stimuli and are thus specific. At higher levels of the nervous system less is known about the physiology of pain and such fundamental questions as the degree to which the cerebral cortex is involved in pain perception have not been answered. It is not known to what extent the mechanisms at higher levels are specific and the significance of convergent systems in which an individual neuron can be excited by a number of different stimuli, both noxious and innocuous, has not been resolved. However, it is argued that the evidence at present most strongly supports the concept that the neural system involved in pain is specific; the activity of neurons in this system either causes pain, or if the level of activity is insufficient, no sensation. Ways in which the activity of this specific system may be modulated are discussed in the context of counterirritation and acupuncture analgesia.
The Early Detection of Carcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: Group For The Research of Esophagea The Co-ordinating
Published: November 2004

The criteria, method and results of cytological examination in correlation with roentgenological and other examination in the early detection of carcinoma of the esophagus are presented and briefly discussed. The cytological examination has a definite place in the early diagnosis and study of the precancerous lesions of carcinoma of the esophagus. This method is simple, convenient, easy to master and especially fit for mass survey in rural districts with high incidence. The cure rate will be very much improved by early discovery and early treatment.
A Preliminary Study on the Mechanism of the Hypotensive Action of Huang Chin (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)
Authors: Wang Ying-ping , Chiu Daryl T. J. , Li Kwan-ming
Published: November 2004

A systemic investigation of the mechanism of the hypotensive action of Huang Chin was performed on rats. The hypotensive action was found to be the result of decreased total peripheral resistance, and this decrease was suggested, with experimental evidence, to be the central action of Huang Chin which inhibits the normal vascular smooth muscle tone by interrupting the descending excitor impulses from the vasomotor center.
The Effects of Acupuncture on White Cell Counts
Authors: Brown Marjorie L. , Ulett George A. , Stern John A.
Published: November 2004

The anticipation of acupuncture, simple insertion of needles or the electrical stimulation of needles at both classical acupuncture points and "false" points, all produce an increase in white blood cell count. Electrostimulation produced the greatest, expectation of needle insertion the least, increase in white cell count. Though needles remain to place, the white cell count returns to basal level within one hour. Preliminary data on peripheral skin temperature as affected by stimulation of acupuncture points and non-points, suggests a higher temperature on the side of stimulation. For acupuncture site stimulation, the temperature differential appears to be more persistent than is true when non-sites are stimulated. Subjects reported needle insertion at acupuncture points as less painful than at non-points. Feelings of numbness were produced by stimulation of both classical and false acupuncture points.
Telemetric ECG Data (Biorhythms) in Operations with Acupuncture Analgesia In the People's Republic of China
Authors: Thomas H. , Benzer H. , Mayrhofer O. , Pauser G.
Published: November 2004

During seven operations with acupunucture analgesia in the People's Republic of China, recordings were made with a self-developed device for telemetric transmittance of the ECG. Among others, the amplitude of the QRS complex as well as the period of time between two cardiac cycles were electronically measured and registered for evaluation. Through comparison of the values from China with our own material, the following statements can be made: (1) All patients were in conditions ranging from restlessness and slight excitation to weariness and drowsiness. A condition similar to narcosis must be excluded. (2) In a large number of cases a preopratively performed strong psychological sedation through pharmacological agents can be excluded with certainty. (3) The massive reaction to events such as the cleansing of operative field refutes-at least partly-our concept of "Asiatic indifference." (4) Acupuncture cannot depress reflexes. (5) Finally, the hypothesis that acupuncture has a stabilizing effect on the circulation is invalid.
On Certain Electrical Phenomena for the Interpretation of Ch'i in Chinese Acupuncture
Authors: Manaka Yoshio
Published: November 2004

The author describes a series of experiments on the "microelectric phenomenon" and tries to give scientific interpretations of acupuncture. Thus, the concept of "2-M-C" was developed, which may generate new hypotheses concerning the modus operandi of needle treatment.
Increase of Pain Threshold as a Function of Conditioning Electrical Stimulation: An Experimentlal Study with Application to Electro-acupuncture for Pain Suppresssion
Authors: Holmgren Eddy
Published: November 2004

Previous studies have shown that 2 Hz electrical conditioning stimulation of hands and cheeks increased the tooth pain threshold. In the present study the relation between strength of conditioning stimulation and amplitude of pain threshold increase is elucidated. Intense conditioning stimulation, giving subjective beating sensations and extensive muscles twitches, is required to obtain a substantial pain threshold increase. The results are discussed in relation to intensities used in electro-acupuncture and to interindividual variation of the effect. It is suggested that pain relief is obtained due to an inhibitory feed-back mechanism activated, not via low threshold afferents but via high threshold afferents.
Acupuncture for Migraine Prophylaxis: A Prospective Clinical Study with Six Months' Follow-up
Authors: Laitinen Jaakko
Published: November 2004

The purpose of this study was to clarify the efficacy of acupuncture in the prophylaxis of migraine. 39 patients were treated by acupuncture given 5 times at weekly intervals. 92% of patients improved with acpuncture initially. Six months later 54% had relapsed to their pre-acupuncture state. The present study does not exclude the possiblity that the results were due to suggestion.
Records of Diseases in Ancient China
Authors: Lu Gwei-Djen , Needham Joseph
Published: November 2004

No abstract recieved.
Acupuncture Loci: A Proposal for Their Classification According to Their Relationship to Know Neural Structures
Authors: Gunn C. C. , Ditchburn F.G. , King M. H. , Renwick G. J.
Published: November 2004

Much confusion and frustration has been caused by the inability of workers in acupuncture to demonstrate the exact nature of acupuncture loci or to identify them in neuroanatomic terms. This study reviews 70 selected, commonly-used acupuncture loci. Loci were determined by their traditional descriptions and checked with a neurometer and calibration-stable stimulator. It was found that acupuncture loci may be classified into at least three types: Type I correspond to a known anatomical entity - the motor point of a muscle; Type II to the focal meeting of superficial nerves in the sagittal plane; and Type III lie over superficial nerves or plexuses. As a first step toward acceptance of acupuncture by the medical profession, it is suggested that a new system of acupuncture locus nomenclature be introduced, relating them to known neural structures. Perhaps an international committee of interested workers should be struck.
A Possible Reflex Mechanism of Hypotensive Action of Extract from Cassia Tora Seeds
Authors: Koo Anthony , Chan W. S. , Li K. M.
Published: November 2004

The Chinese medicinal herb Chueh-ming-tzu, seeds of Cassia tora(Leguminosae) Linn, elicits hypotensive effects in anesthetized rats. Experimental results indicate that the hypotensive effect of the Cassia tora extract possibly involves a vagal reflex which reciprocally alters the vasomotor tone of the centrally emanating sympathetic nervous system. It is shown that the capacity of the Cassia tora extract to reduce blood pressure is significantly reduced in vagotomized rats and that hypotensive effects are greatly antagonized in rats whose sympathetic nervous systems are interrupted by transection of the spinal cord.
Scalp Acupuncture in China
Authors: Wen Wei
Published: November 2004

The following article was submitted to The American Journal of Chinese Medicine by China Features in the People's Republic of China. It will be of interest to those individuals concerned with the comparative study of medical and health-care systems. We welcome readers to communicate their opinions on this article to the Editor.
The Effects of Stimulation of Ear Acupuncture Points on the Body's Pain Threshold
Authors: Kitade Toshikatsu , Hyodo Masayoshi
Published: November 2004

Six ear acupuncture points, one non-acupuncture ear point, and the body locus Ho-Ku (LI-4) were electrically stimulated in order to compare the effects of stimulation on the body's pain threshold at selected loci on various points on the body by measurement with a radiation heat-type Pain Meter on 5 subjects. The ear points, with the exception of the non-acupuncture ear point, were found to be effective even in peripheral body regions in varying degrees. Ear stimulation did not increase the threshold as rapidly as Ho-Ku. In all cases where the pain threshold was raised, the effect persisted after electrical stimulation had stopped.
The Sedative Effect of Acupuncture
Authors: Lo C. W. , Chung Q. Y.
Published: November 2004

Eight patients with diagnosis of anxiety neurosis were treated with acupuncture. Six of them showed good to moderate response while 2 had no change. The endorphin theory in applying acupuncture is discussed.
Effects of Stimulation of Acupuncture Loci Ta-Chuei (Go-14), Nei-Kuan (EH-6) and Tsu-San-Li (St-36) on Thermoregulatory Function of Normal Adults
Authors: Lin Mao-Tsun , Liu Guo-Guan , Soong Jyh-Jian , Chern Yun-Feng , Wu Kuei-Mon
Published: November 2004

The effects of acupuncture stimulation on the Ta-Chuei (Go-14), Nei-Kuan (EH-6) and Tsu-San-Li (St-36) loci on thermoregulatory function were assessed in normal adults. Stimulation of acupuncture locus Ta-Chuei produced hypothermia. The hypothermia was brought about by a decrease in metabolic rate, an increase in cutaneous circulation (the back region) and perspiration. On the other hand, acupuncture stimulation of either the Nei-Kuan or Tsu-San-Li loci produced a sligh hyperthermia. The hyperthermia was due to a decrease in cutaneous circulation. The data indicate that each acupuncture locus may have its own function with special reference to body temperature regulation.
The Use of Acupuncture in Ophthalmology
Authors: Wong Susan , Ching Renald
Published: November 2004

The object of this study is to answer the question: Is acupuncture of any use in ophthalmology? Ophthalmology today can boast of 95% accuracy in diagnosis, but modern therapeutics has not caught up with diagnosis. Despite an inability to explain in modern scientific terms the healing power of acupuncture, documentation of over 500 cases treated shows that this modality can be successful in the treatment of eye diseases, especially in cases of retinitis pigmentosa, high myopia, cataracts, surgical aphakia, controlled glaucoma and re-attached ablation retinae. We notice in these cases that improvement occurs in the central acuity, and no improvement in the visual field, color-vision and nightblindness. Apparently acupuncture acts on the macula alone and not on the entire retina. Acupuncture is not intended to substitute for established medication or surgery in ophthalmology. It cannot restore a tissue or organ damaged beyond regeneration, "incurable" eye diseases per se are not cured by acupuncture. Only symptoms are relieved and dimness of vision is a symptom which can be alleviated in many cases with periodic treatment.
Many Ways to Health: A Study of 2,000 Rural and Urban Taiwan Families
Authors: Wu Agnes Chew-Chung , Hu Yu-hei
Published: November 2004

Over two years the authors led a massive, government-supported survey of 2,000 Taiwanese families, half urban and half rural, to determine what actions the family would like when faced with disease or health problems. The major alternatives of folk healing, Chinese traditional medicine, and Western-oriented approaches were found to be frequently combined, and oftern supplemented by self-diagnosis and self-medication. Thirty Chinese students entered the 2,000 families' homes for lengthy interviews covering a wide range of socio-demographic variables as well as medical behaviors. Cooperation of informants was outstanding, and the plentiful data from this large sample should provide ample ground for future studies and interpretations. The statistics substantially document some findings suggested by earlier researchers: (a) that 90% of Taiwanese families combined a variety of approaches in warding off and treating illnesses (1); (b) that there is somewhat higher reliance on purely Western methods among young urban nuclear families, and among mainland-born Christians, than in the rural areas (2); and (c) that Taiwanese families avoid bringing mental health problems to medical or psychiatric health facilities (3). The statistic bear out some fairly predictable conclusions, such as: (a) Western medical methods are known and used more widely in the city than in the country (cf. "a" below); (b) there is more ignorance of facilities and medicines of all kinds in the country than in Taipei; and (c) traditional Chinese medicine is somewhat more used in the country than in Taipei. In addition, some fairly startling new developments are worth noting, including that (a) there is less rural/urban difference than expect -97.99% use some Western methods at some times; (b) while almost no one relies solely on folk healing, more city-dwellers use it (as well as massage and acupuncture) than do rural folk; and (c) urban families often go to private doctors, ignorant of their local public health stations.
Light Microscopic Morphology of Low Resistance Skin Points in the Guinea Pig
Authors: Monteiro-Riviere N. A. , Hwang Y. C. , Stromberg M. W.
Published: November 2004

This study compares the light microscopic structure of low resistance skin points (LRSP) to high resistance skin points (HRSP) of the guinea pig. Previously, LRSP have been shown to coincide with acupuncture loci. Epidermal nuclei and dermal nuclei were counted at both LRSP and at control points or HRSP. In addition, hair follicles, blood vessels, and sebaceous nuclei were likewise quantitated. This data, collected in a blind manner, was then subjected to statistical analysis using a nested anaylsis of variance and a Student's "t" test. The former test indicated an increase in density of hair follicles at LRSP, while both demonstrated a decrease in dermal nuclei at LRSP. An interesting finding is that the epidermis at both LRSP and HRSP is indistinguishable at the light microscopic level. This was indicated by both statistical procedures. Finding of a Haarsheibe, an aggregation of Merkel cell-neurite complexes, only at HRSP tends to preclude its role as an acupuncture neurotransducer. Finally, there appeared to be no obvious qualitative differences between LRSP and HRSP observable at the light microscopic level.
Electrical Skin Resistance Changes in Meridians During Ophthalmic Surgery with Local Anesthesia
Authors: Ogata Hiromaru , Matsumoto Tadasu , Tsukahara Hidezi
Published: November 2004

Electrical skin resistance on Accumulation points in twelve meridians was measured during operation of cataract under local anesthesia. Electrical skin resistance increased an average of 15 percent in bladder, kidney, liver, stomach, gall bladder meridians, and decreased an average 18 percent in lung, small intestine, heart, spleen-pancreas, heart constrictor, triple heater, large intestine meridians. When comparing the skin resistance values with those under acupuncture anesthesia during ophthalmic surgery, the skin resistance value under acupuncture anesthesia exhibited a marked decrease in all meridians (average 23 percent decrease) except the kidney meridian. On the other hand, the skin resistance under local anesthesia was only a 7.4 percent decrease in all meridians except the kidney meridian. It was speculated as one of the reasons for less changes of skin resistance under local anesthesia that sympathetic nervous activity did not occur so much because of pain relief due to local anesthesia.
Acupuncture and Rehabilitation (I) Effect of Acupuncture on Normal Side to Snapping Finger
Authors: Arichi Shigeru , Arichi Hideko , Toda Shizuo
Published: November 2004

The snapping finger condition has increased recently. And this condition is difficult to recover in most cases. The snapping finger condition was improved quite remarkably by the rehabilitation (Reha) of the leison performed immediately after acupuncture in the symmetrical part of the leison on the normal side and Chu-chih (LI-11), Shou-son-li (LI-10), Wai-kuan (TH-5), Ho-ku (LI-4) and Yang-chih (TH-4) on the normal side. But the favorable effect could not be obtained when Reha had not been performed on the leison.

The effects were slight either in the combination therapy of Reha of the leison with the acupuncture of the leison and Chu-chih (LI-11), Shou-son-li (LI-10), Wai-kuan (TH-5), Ho-ku (LI-4) and Yang-chih (TH-4) on the abnormal side or in the simple treatment with Reha or with the acupuncture on the abnormal side. The acupuncture in the normal side resulted in a more remarkable result after Reha (Reha-effect) because Reha of the leison could easily contend with it.

It is a valuable means of therapy as the snapping finger condition is presently on the increase.
Tibetan Medicine — Constitutional Types
Authors: Finckh Elizabeth
Published: November 2004

Right at the start of research into Tibetan medicine, it is vital to determine the medical terminology and the latter has to be taken from sources. The starting-point is the standard work of the Tibetan doctors, the book rGyud bzhi = Four Treatises (abbreviated title). It is from the texts of this book that we learn the basic principle of Tibetan medicine is the three-part division.

The three humours are wind (rlung), bile (mkhris pa) and phlegm (bad kan). Some of the important characteristics of the three humours are to be found in Part 1 or the rGyud bzhi, in which the System of Tibetan medicine is also described: Chapter 3 (Root A): healthy organism, diseased organism. Chapter 4 (Root B): obervation, palpation, questioning. Chapter 5 (Root C): nutrition, behaviour, medicines, treatments.

We have arranged the characteristics of the three humours in accordance with the three roots of the System. The terms which have been derived from the text show clearly that the three homours are, through diagnostic methods, recognized as types to which specific kinds of treatment are assigned so that one can speak of there being a doctrine of constitution. A systematic description is, therefore, very important in that it is obvious that without a recognition of the types, treatment is impossible.
The Roles of Different Types of Afferent Fibres in the Process of Acupuncture Analgesia
Authors: Chen Lung-shun , Fan Xiao-li , Wang Ke-mo , Hou Zong-lian
Published: November 2004

In previous work, the reflex movement of the lower jaw was taken as an objective index of pain in awakening rabbits. It was found that analgesic action of various types of fibres were types I.II < types I.II.III < types I.II.III.IV, i.e. the effects were stronger with the involvement of those small-sized fibres. However, opinions differ as to whether small-sized fibres (includng Aδ wave and C wave) have analgesic effects. Therefore, the reaction of vascular movement which reflects the function of autonomic nerves was taken as an objective index of pain.

42 paralytic, awake rabbits with body weight of 2kg or so were used. In the peroneal nerve innervating "Zusanli'' point (from their distal to proximal ends) were placed the electrodes of electro-needling (limiting electro-needling) and Ag-AgCl, and those of recording and pain stimulation. The pain stimulations used were of single square-wave, of 2 times per second, of the pulse duration of 0.3 msec and of a continuance of 5 sec; their intensity being just enough to elicit the steady reaction of vascular movement. The electrodes of electric needling, electric pulses with a speed of 0.2 msec per second and the pulse duration of 0.2 msec were applied successively to stimulate those peroneal nerves. The roles played by various types of fibres in analgesic effects were further observed after different intensities, exciting the fibres of types I.II, tpes I.II.III and types I.II.III.IV respectively, and then through the Ag-AgCl electrode, D.C. anodal-blocking used to block the large-sized fibres and to excite type III or types III.IV of fibres respectively. Each experimental series was divided comparing, needling and after the withdrawal of the needle. Observations were made from three times in each step continually; the temperature was maintained at 16-28°C.

The results have shown that the fibres of types I.II, types I.II.III and types I.II.III.IV were excited, respectively. It has turned out that their effective rates (including complete inhibition, apparent inhibition and slight inhibition) were 50% (types I.II), 78.6% (types I.II.III) and 92.8% (types I.II.III.IV); after the large-sized fibres had been blocked, the fibres of type IV and types III.IV were excited, with the effective rates of 90% (type IV) and 100% (types III.IV). Therefore, the analgesic effects of different types of fibres are I.II < III < IV, i.e. the smaller fibres the stronger the analgesic effects. The results are quite analogous to the previous work. This further proves the small-sized fibres have stronger analgesic effects upon pain response thatn large-sized fibres.
Acupuncture Therapy in Acute Abdomen
Authors: Zheng Xianli , Chen Chang , Wu Xianzhong
Published: November 2004

Acupuncture as a therepeutic measure for abdominal pain was early recorded in Huangdi Neijing ("Yellow Emperor's Canon or Medicine''). Fruitful experiments have been accumulated in the practice of the long historical years. Nowadays acupuncture therapy has become one of the main therapeutic methods in surgical acute abdomen and is widely used clinically.
Hachimijiogan Changes Serum Hormonal Circumstance and Improves Spermatogenesis in Oligozoospermic Men
Authors: Usuki S.
Published: November 2004

28 men with oligozoospermia and 7 with azoospermia received 7.5 g of Hachimijiogan, daily for 8 to 28 weeks. Examinations of semen in oligozoospermic men after treatment revealed a remarkable increase in number (78%) and moderate increase in sperm motility (53%) and in volume (56%), and fertility index was also remarkably improved, whereas no improvement was found in azoospermic men.

Furthermore, serum estradiol-17β level was significantly increased (P<0.005) after treatment, while LH, FSH, prolactin and testosterone levels in sera showed no significant change. These results suggest that Hachimijiogan increases serum estradiol-17 β levels and improves spermatogenesis in oligozoospermic men.
Successful Treatment of Complete Left Bundle Branch Block Complicating Acute Viral Myocarditis Employing Chinese Herbs
Authors: Kuo Constant
Published: November 2004

A case of complete left bundle branch block complicating acute viral myocarditis successfully treated by Chinese herbal medicine is reported.

Complete left bundle branch block may be less commonly encountered in myocarditis. Treatment by Chinese herbal medicine for 49 days was successful in the management of this conduction disturbance. Follow-up studies, up to 3 months, produced normal electrocardiogram with good health.
Hemodynamic Effects of "San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang" in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Authors: Chen Ho-Chan , Hsieh Ming-Tsuen
Published: November 2004

The ancient Chinese formula of "San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang" (S-T) was originally used for patients with "epigastric fullness, flushing, restlessness, constipation and a hard pulse" (Chang 115 B.C.). All these symptoms are frequently observed in patients with essential hypertension. We assessed the antihypertensive and hemodynamic effects of this formula, and found that S-T decreased blood pressure, total peripheral resistance, heart rate and cardiac contractile force. S-T had no apparent effects on cardiac output and blood volume.
Comparative Physiology on "The Lung Controls the Skin and Hair"
Authors: Li Lai-tien
Published: November 2004

"The lung is connected with skin and hair" is a theory of traditional Chinese medicine. From the view of comparative physiology we researched the inter-relation of lung and skin and hair and found it in water. From living protein to fish respiration is by the structure corresponding to the skin and the organ which originated skin. Though amphibia have lung respiratory effect of skin still locate 2/3. Aves. Mammals and human beings use lungs to respire. In fact air exchanges from nature through the thin water molecular layer of the surface of the pulmonary alveoli. So the lung is derived from "skin and hair" to adapt to inter-respiration.
Effects of Standarized Ginseng Extract on Learning, Memory and Physical Capabilites
Authors: Petkov V.D. , Mosharrof A.H.
Published: November 2004

Standardized ginseng extract (G115, Pharmaton, Lugano) was administered orally at doses of 3,10,30,100 and 300 mg/kg for 10 days as ten rats were used wtih each dose. With the "shuttle-box" method for active avoidance most pronounced effect on learning and memory was obtained by the dose of 10 mg/kg. With the "step-down" method for passive avoidance the dose of 30 mg/kg significantly improved retention. In the staircase maze training with positive (alimentary) reinforcement only the dose of 10 mg/kg significantly improved learning and memory. The dose of 100 mg/kg greatly increased the locomotor activity of mice.

The results show that ginseng at appropriate doses improves learning, memory and physical capabilities. Bell-shaped dose-effect curves, reported with other nootropic drugs, were obtained.
Tokishakuyakusan Stimulates Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Accumulation and Progestin Production by Corpora Lutea
Authors: Usuki Satoshi
Published: November 2004

The effect of Tokishakuyakusan (TS) on rat corpora lutea was examined in vivo and in vitro. In an in vivo study, TS stimulated cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) accumulation and steroidogenesis by corpora lutea, induced by PMS and hCG. In an incubation study, TS increased cyclic AMP accumulation and progesterone secretion. These results suggest that TS stimulates the corpora lutea to produce progestins via the mediation of cyclic AMP.
Effect of Toki-Shakuyaku-San on Ovulation Induced by Human Menopausal Gonadotropin in Rats
Authors: Koyama Takao , Hagino N. , Cothron Anna W. , Saito Motoi
Published: November 2004

One hundred and thirty-five immature female rats were treated with Toki-Shakuyaku-San (TSS : 500 mg/kg, Bwt in drinking water) beginning at 25 days of age and continuing during experimental sessions. Fifteen IU of the human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG:Gonadoryl: GNR:GNR 4 contains 4 to 1 ratio of FSH and LH) was injected intraperitoneally on the morning of 28 days of age, and ovulation (presence of tubal ova) was examined on the morning of 29, 30 and 31 days of age. GNR 4 alone induced ovulation at 29 days of age (70%) and at 30 days of age (35%); however, no ovulation was observed at 31 days of age. TSS treatment alone causes 30% to ovulate at 31 days of age. When GNR 4 was combined with TSS treatment, animals demonstrated ovulation at 31 days of age, that is, they ovulated at 29 days of age (93%), at 30 days of age (30percnt;) and at 31 days of age (90%). These results infer that TSS treatment may accelerate the chain of events in the neuroendocrine control on ovulation, thus causing more frequent ovulation in rats.
Comparing Yin-Yang, the Chinese Symbol of Creation, with Ouroboros of Greek Alchemy
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

The universe was early divided into Earth below and Heaven above. These, two as one, gave the idea of opposites but forming a unity. Each opposite was assumed to be powerful and so was their final unity. For creation of the universe they projected reproduction to conceive creation. Now reproduction results in the union of two opposites as male and female. Correspondingly, the Chinese believed Light and Darkness, as the ideal opposites, when united, yielded creative energy. The two opposites were further conceived as matter and energy which became dual-natured but as one. The two opposites were yin-yang and their unity was called Chhi, Yin-Yang was treated separately in Chinese cosmology which consisted of five cosmic elements. Since Chinese alchemy did reach Alexandria probably the symbol Yin-Yang, as dual-natured, responsible for creation, was transformed into a symbol called Ouroboros, It is a snake and as such a symbol of soul. Its head and anterior portion is red, being the colour of blood as soul; its tail and posterior half is dark, representing body. Ouroboros here is depicted white and black, as soul and body, the two as "one which is all". It is cosmic soul, the source of all creation. Ouroboros is normally depicted with its anterior half as black but it should be the reverse as shown here. With the name Chemeia taken to Kim-Iya, the last word would take Ouroboros to Yin-Yang.
Chinese Origin of Correspondence-Paper with Black Margins as Used During Mourning
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

In Europe there is the custom of observing mourning at the loss of a relative by using, even in correspondence, paper with a black margin. This may be traceable to China where a document on such a paper has been offered as the original.
Effects of a Medicinal Herbal Liqueur, 'Yomeishu', on Post-operative Gynecological Patients
Authors: Takabayashi Toshifumi , Sasaki Hiroyuki , Shintaku Yuko , Sasamoto Kiyo , Ozawa Nobuyoshi , Hamazaki Yoichi , Yajima Aikra
Published: November 2004

We administered 20 ml of Yomeishu (YMS) twice a day before meals for 12 weeks to 50 post-operative patients in gynecology and then inquired into their subjective 20 symptoms (sense of fatigue, insomnia, headache and heavy headedness, appetite, stomachache, abdominal inflation, vertigo, lumbago, etc.) The YMS group showed a significant improvement on 14 items compared with the control group. On the whole, a great improvement was observed in the YMS group with serious subjective symptoms as well, and there were significant differences for general condition, sense of fatigue, and coldness in extremities.
Effects of Single and Multiple Moxibustions on Activity of Platelet Function, Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Mice
Authors: Okazaki Masako , Sakamoto Hideharu , Suzuki Makoto , Oguchi Katsuji
Published: November 2004

The effects of single and multiple moxibustions on platelet function, blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activity in ddY mice were studied. The increase in platelet aggregation and ATP-release after a single moxibustion was dependent on moxa weight and the kind of platelet stimulus. Blood coagulative activity tended to increase in the early phase after a single moxibustion. However, multiple moxibustions maintained the homeostasis on blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activiity. This investigation suggests that the effects of moxibustion on platelet functions and coagulative and fibrinolytic activities cause an enhancement of the phagocytic activity in the host defense mechanism.
Chinese Charms in the Light of Cosmogony
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

The two greatest powers are Heaven/Earth. As opposites, on union they generate Creative Energy. Such power is transferred to their symbols as Yang/Yin. Conceived as concrete entities, Heaven/Earth appear as Air/Earth. These possess specific qualities. Air is Moist and Hot, Earth, Cold and Dry. Thus arose four cosmic qualities. Moreover, the union between Heaven and Earth resulted in creation, first being Water. Thus arose San-Pao, the three Primordial powers, Heaven, Earth and Water. Water produced its opposite, Fire, so that there resulted four cosmic elements, Air, Earth, Water and Fire. With Yin-Yang, Heaven/Earth, in the center surrounded by eight creations as cosmic elements and cosmic qualities, there arose the symbol of cosmogony. Since water was the first creation, its symbol is best placed between Heaven and Earth. Then the symbol of cosmogony with its units representing power becomes a charm. The best charm shows water next to Heaven and then items representing qualities of Air, Earth and Water. Those that usually form a continuous series would be Earth, Water, Air, Moisture, a quality of both, Water and Air. These items are an essential feature in the makeup of a Chinese charm.
Effects of Tokishakuyakusan and Keishibukuryogan on Steroidogenesis by Rat Preovulatory Follicles in Vivo
Authors: Usuki Satoshi
Published: November 2004

The effect of Tokishakuyakusan (TS) and Keishibukuryogan (KB) on estradiol-17β, progesterone and testosterone in serum and ovarian tissue from PMS-treated immature rats was examined in vivo. The in vivo intravenous administration of 20μg of TS or KB increased the concentrations of estradiol-17β, progesterone and testosterone. These results suggest that TS and KB stimulate in vivo the production of estradiol-17β, progesterone and testosterone by preovulatory follicles, and that TS stimulation is more effective than KB.
The Lack of Antiplatelet Effect of Crude Extracts from Ganoderma Lucidum on HIV-Positive Hemophiliacs
Authors: Gau Jyh-Pyhg , Lin Chung-King , Lee Shiuh-Sheng , Wang Soo-Ray
Published: November 2004

Effects of the extracts from Ganoderm lucidum (GL-P) to influence immune status of the hemophiliacs with positive HIV antibody and reversed helper/suppressor T-lymphocyte ratio were studied. Since the extracts from G. lucidum have been reported to contain high levels of adenosine, the untoward antiplatelet effect of the extracts on hemophiliacs were highly concerned. Five patients of hemophilia A voluntarily received the extracts which has been analyzed to contain 150 mg of adenosine in 100 gm of the extracts. Patients were estimated to take 1.35 mg of the adenosine daily. Platelet aggregation tests before and after the trial of the extracts showed no significant change. Our crude extracts of the Ganoderma lucidum was considered not to have untoward antiplatelet effect in vivo despite the high contents of adenosine.
Anatomical and Histological Studies of Bupleuri Radix
Authors: Lin Chun-Ching , Yen Ming-Hong , Chen Jen-Yin , Chuang Cheng-Hsiung , Namba Tsuneo
Published: November 2004

Three kinds of Bupleuri Radix were found in Taiwan. To clarify their origins, histological studies were carried our to identify their internal and external structures. It was found that Bupleuri Radix or "Chai-hu" of Taiwan is derived from roots of the following species" 1, Bupleurum chinense which was imported from China, 2, Bupleurum falcatum var. Komarowi a cultivated production of Japanese origin, and 3, Bupleurum kaoi which is indigenous to Taiwan. These Bupleuri Radix were easily assigned by anatomical characteristics and their qualitative analysis of active principle — saikosaponin were established by TLC.
Pharmacological and Pathological Studies on Hepatic Protective Crude Drugs from Taiwan (V): The Effects of Bombax malabarica and Scutellaria rivularis
Authors: Chiu Hui-Fen , Lin Chun-Ching , Yen Ming-Hong , Wu Pei-Shan , Yang Chun-Yuh
Published: November 2004

Bombax malabarica DC and Scutellaria rivularis B. were extracted in boiling water and concentrated into 1 g/ml solution to investigate their hepatoprotective effect. Carbon tertrachloride ( CCL 4) was injected into rat subcutanously with a dose of 3.0 ml/kg to induce experimental acute hepatotoxicity in the animal. The activities of serum glumtamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were measured after 72 hours of CCL 4 administration. The hepatopathological changes of the liver tissue were observed simultaneosly with liver enzyme activities determination. The pharmacological effect of B. malabarica and S. rivularis of Taiwan was compared with that of the Bupleurum chinense from mainland China. B malabarica( p < 0.001), S. rivularis( p < 0.001) and B. chinense( p < 0.05) all demonstrated a significant reduction in the CCL 4-induced SGOT and SGPT. Pathological studies of these three drugs extracts demonstrated a marked hepato-protective effects on CCL 4-induced liver fatty degeneration and cell necrosis.
Pharmacotherapeutic Effects of Kuei-chih-fu-ling-wan (Keishi-bukuryo-gan) on Human Uterine Myomas
Authors: Sakamoto Shinobu , Yoshino Haruo , Shirahata Yaeko , Shimodairo Kazuo , Okamoto Ryohei
Published: November 2004

Kuei-chih-fu-Iing-wan (Keishi-bukuryo-gan; KBG), a traditional Chinese herbal remedy contains five components: bark of Cinnamomum cassia Bl. (Lauraceae ), root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeoniaceae), seed of Prunus persica Batsch. or P. persiba Batsch. var. davidiana Maxim. (Rosaceae), carpophores of Poria cocos Wolf. (Polyporaceae), and root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. (Paeoniaceae ). This prescription has been frequently used in the treatment of gynecological disorders such as hypermenorrhea, dysmenorrhea and sterility. We previously reported that KBG might act as a LH-RH antagonist and a weak anti-estrogen on the uterine DNA synthesis in immature rats. In the present study, we investigated the effects of KBG on 110 premenopausal patients with uterine myomas. Clinical symptoms of hypermenorrhea and dysmenorrhea were improved in more than 90% of the cases with shrinking of uterine myomas in roughly 60% of the cases.
Beneficial Effect of Acupuncture on Adult Patients with Asthma Bronchiale
Authors: Zwölfer W. , Keznickl-Hillebrand W. , Spacek A. , Cartellieri M. , Grubhofer G.
Published: November 2004

In a retrospective study 17 patients with long-standing history of asthma bronchiale were treated with acupuncture at the outpatient unit of the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care in the University Hospital of Vienna. The subjective effectiveness of the treatment was determined using a standard questionnaire, which was sent to the patients' homes half a year after starting acupuncture treatment. Over 70% of our patients reported a significant improvement of their ailments after ten weeks of treatment as well as half a year after starting acupuncture.
Protection by Moxibustion Against Experimental Hyperbilirubinemia and Cholangitis in Rats
Authors: Yang Shao-Hui , Lin Jaung-Geng , Tsai Chang-Hai , Ma Jian-Jong
Published: November 2004

The effects of moxibustion on experimental hyperbilirubinemia and cholangitis were studied in male rats (n=33). The experimental group were treated with moxibustion, 18, 12 and 6 hours prior to and 6, 12 and 18 hours after challenge with oral α-napthylisothiocyanate (AN1T, 100 mg per kg). Rats were sacrificed 48 hours after challenge. Serum and liver samples were taken for biochemical and histological analysis, respectively. The results revealed that rats treated with ANIT exhibited elevations in bilirubin, SGOT and SGPT as well as cholangitis. In rats receiving moxibustion and ANIT, biochemical and morphological parameters of liver injury were significantly reduced. Thus, this study shows that moxibustion therapy may be able to prevent ANIT-induced hyperbilirubinemia and cholangitis.
The Effects of Ninjinyoeito on Human Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Uchiyama Yasuhiko , Nakajima Shigekatsu , Yoshida Kazuo , Mizukawa Hiromi , Haruki Eiichi
Published: November 2004

The effects of Ninjinyoeito on endothelial cells from a human umbilical vein were examined. As a result, the maximum cell density obtained after the addition of Ninjinyoeito was found to be 400 ng/ml, and its inhibitory effect on the development of endothelial injury was also observed. In addition, the levels of LDH and Al-p, which are parameters decreasing with aging, were significantly high. Judging from these results, Ninjinyoeito presumably exerts an anti-aging effect by inhibiting the metabolic aging of cells.
Antihypertensive Property and Renal Protection by Shichimotsu-koka-to Extract in Salt-induced Hypertension in Dahl Strain Rats
Authors: Hiwara Nobuhito , Uehara Yoshio , Takada Satoru , Kawabata Yukari , Ohshima Nobuko , Nagata Taiji , Ishimitsu Toshihiko , Gomi Tomoko , Goto Atsuo , Ikeda Toshio , Yagi Shigeru , Omata Masao
Published: November 2004

We determined whether or not the kampo formula, Shichimotsu-koka-to extract, attenuates the development of salt-induced hypertension and provides renal protection against hypertensive injury in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats. A six-week treatment using this formula dose-dependently decreased the systolic blood pressure in Dahl S rats fed a high-salt (2% NaCl) diet. This blood pressure reduction was associated with a decrease in the thickness of the aortic wall. Renal function was not altered with this treatment; however, glomerular sclerotic lesions in the kidney were significantly attenuated. Neither arterial nor tubular lesions were affected. These data suggest that Shichimotsu-koka-to extract exhibits an antihypertensive effect which is associated with partial resolution of glomerular sclerosis in the kidney.
Absorption of Subcutaneous Injection of Tc-99m Pertechnetate via Acupuncture Points and Non-acupuncture Points
Authors: Wu Chung-Chieng , Chen Ming-Feng , Lin Chun-Ching
Published: November 2004

SC-RNV, a new method of radionuclide venography by subcutaneous injection of Tc-99m pertechnetate at acupuncture points K-3 (Taixi), was developed in our laboratory. To further investigate whether K-3 is the best point for SC-RNV, Tc-99m pertechnetate was subcutaneously injected at K-3 on one foot and at one of the 11 other acupuncture points (APs) or 3 nonacupuncture points (NAPs) on the opposite foot, simultaneously, in 157 subjects without evidence of venous disorder. The absorption of radioisotopes from each injection site was evaluated by analyzing the time-activity curve at a region of interest set upon over the lower leg above the injection site. The results revealed that the absorption of radioisotopes via K-3 (Taixi) was better than that via NAPs, evidenced by higher peak activity and greater absorption rate. However, there was no significant difference between K-3 injection and other APs injections except Liv-2 and Liv-3. These results indicate that absorption of radioisotopes via APs is better than via NAPs. This together with the fact that K-3 is easier to detect than other APs in feet, suggests that K-3 is a good point for SC-RNV.