bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Chemoselective Ugi‐Type Reaction in Water Using TMSCN as a Functional Isonitrile Equivalent: Generation of Heteroaromatic Molecular Diversity.
Authors: Guchhait Sankar Kumar , Chaudhary Vikas , Madaan Chetna
Published: April 2013

The title reaction provides diverse N‐fused 3‐aminoimidazoles from a wide range of aldehydes and heterocyclic amidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Intermolecular Stetter Reaction of Simple Acrylates: Synthesis of α‐Chiral γ‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Wurz Nathalie E. , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Glorius Frank
Published: April 2013

This enantioselective Stetter reaction uses acrylates as acceptors which could not be employed in this kind of transformation so far.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrolytic Enantioselective Protonation of Cyclic Dienyl Esters and a β‐Diketone with Chiral Phase‐Transfer Catalysts.
Authors: Yamamoto Eiji , Gokuden Daichi , Nagai Ayano , Kamachi Takashi , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Hamasaki Akiyuki , Ishida Tamao , Tokunaga Makoto
Published: April 2013

The process allows the synthesis of optically active enones.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Radical Cross‐Coupling Reaction of 2,2‐Dichloro‐1,1,1‐trifluoroethane (HCFC‐123) with Phenols or Thiophenols.
Authors: Tang Xiao‐Jun , Chen Qing‐Yun
Published: April 2013

Diethylamine plays a crucial role in the process, since it acts as both an activator and ligand of copper.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved, Fully Heterogeneous, Diastereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐α‐Bromonitroalkenes.
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Gabrielli Serena , Ballini Roberto
Published: April 2013

The novel two‐step protocol includes reaction of bromonitromethane with aldehydes and subsequent dehydration of the crude nitro alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Reduction of Nitroarenes by Using Zeolite‐Supported Copper Nanoparticles with 2‐Propanol as a Sustainable Reducing Agent.
Authors: Subramanian Thirumeni , Pitchumani Kasi
Published: April 2013

This is a fast and easy chemoselective method for the reduction of nitroarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Catalysis of Aqueous Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reactions of Cyclic Enones by a Bicyclic Imidazolyl Alcohol.
Authors: Gomes Juliana C. , Rodrigues Manoel T. Jr. , Moyano Albert , Coelho Fernando
Published: April 2013

This reaction uses a phosphorous‐free catalyst and works in aqueous media.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of Unsymmetrical Diaryl Ethers from Unsymmetrical Diaryliodonium Tosylates and Phenols with High Regioselectivity.
Authors: Kakinuma Yohji , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: April 2013

A simple procedure allows the synthesis of unsymmetrical diaryl ethers via base‐mediated reaction of symmetrical diaryliodonium tosylates and phenols.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Aerobic Oxidative Cleavage of C—C Bonds in α‐Hydroxy Ketones and Mechanistic Insight to the Reaction Pathway.
Authors: Liu Hui , Dong Chao , Zhang Zeguang , Wu Peiyu , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: April 2013

A radical pathway via intermediary α‐hydroxyketone dimers is the mechanistic proposal for this reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbamates by Direct C—H Bond Activation of Formamides.
Authors: Chang Fang‐Rong , et al. et al.
Published: April 2013

A wide range of β‐ketoesters and 2‐ketosubstituted phenols are effectively transformed into the corresponding carbamates in the reaction with formamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(III)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Furanylation and Cyclopropanation of Acyclic Conjugated Enynones.
Authors: Oh Chang Ho , Piao Lanhua , Kim Ji Hee
Published: April 2013

The process affords furanyl‐substituted bicyclo[n.1.0]alkanes (detailed investigation of the reaction mechanism).
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine Induced Oxidative Cross Coupling via Thiophene Cation Radical Intermediate.
Authors: Dohi Toshifumi , Ito Motoki , Sekiguchi Sho , Ishikado Yohei , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: April 2013

The presented approach can be combined with known Negishi cross‐coupling for the expeditious access to multiple arylated thiophenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Synthesis of 2‐Acetyl‐Substituted Benzo[b]thiophenes.
Authors: Debray Julien , Lemaire Marc , Popowycz Florence
Published: April 2013

A simple one‐step protocol allows the synthesis of benzothiophene derivatives via condensation of halobenzaldehydes or benzonitriles with 2‐mercaptoacetone.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydration of 1‐(2‐Propynyl)‐2‐formylpyrroles.
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Yodokawa Shota
Published: April 2013

The introduction of a formyl group on the pyrrole ring is crucial for regioselective hydration via the intramolecular 6‐exo‐dig cyclization pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Direct Vinylogous Michael Addition of Deconjugated Butenolides to Maleimides for the Construction of Quaternary Stereogenic Centers.
Authors: Manna Madhu Sudan , Mukherjee Santanu
Published: April 2013

A practical and efficient direct asymmetric vinylogous Michael reaction of deconjugated butenolides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Optional Synthesis of 2‐ or 5‐Substituted 3‐Bromopyrroles via Bromine—Lithium Exchange of N‐Benzenesulfonyl‐2,4‐dibromopyrrole.
Authors: Fukuda Tsutomu , Iwao Masatomo
Published: April 2013

The regioselective lithiation of title compound (I) followed by treatment with various electrophiles, such as (II), (IV), and (VI) affords the corresponding 5‐substituted 3‐bromopyrroles (III), (V), and (VII), resp., in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of α‐Aryl Isocyanoesters with N‐Aryl Maleimides by Bifunctional Cinchona Alkaloids‐Based Squaramide/AgSbF6 Cooperative Catalysis.
Authors: Zhao Mei‐Xin , Wei Deng‐Ke , Ji Fei‐Hu , Zhao Xiao‐Li , Shi Min
Published: April 2013

The use of α‐aryl isocyanates is crucial as low enantioselectivities are observed when α‐alkyl [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Selectfluor‐Promoted Direct Fluorination at the 4‐ or 5‐Position of Imidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Jiang Zhihui , Ni Tingjunhong , Wei Changqing , Tian Shujuan , Li Yan , Dai Li , Liu Hong , Zhang Dazhi
Published: April 2013

A selective fluorination of imidazole esters (I) and (III) under conditions A) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Convergent Synthesis of a 2,4′‐Linked Tri‐Oxazole in an Approach to Poly‐Oxazoles.
Authors: Caspi Daniel D. , Zhang Haiming , Virgil Scott C. , Piller Fabian M. , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: April 2013

This is presented in connection with studies on the total synthesis of telomestatin.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted Isoxazoles via Enamine [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Jia Qian‐fa , Benjamin Pooi Ming Shurn , Huang Jiayao , Du Zhiyun , Zheng Xi , Zhang Kun , Conney Allan H. , Wang Jian
Published: April 2013

The process renders possible the preparation of various isoxazole subunits in a regiospecific manner under metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Reliable Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐5‐alkyl and 5‐Amino‐3‐alkyl Isoxazoles.
Authors: Johnson Leland , Powers James , Ma Fupeng , Jendza Keith , Wang Bing , Meredith Erik , Mainolfi Nello
Published: April 2013

Reaction temperature and pH are the key factors that determine the regioselectivity of the process.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Fungicidal Activity of Novel 1,5‐Diaryl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐oxy Derivatives Containing Oxyacetic Acid or Oxy(2‐thioxothiazolidin‐3‐yl)ethanone Moieties.
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , He Guangke , Kai Chen , Li Yufeng , Zhu Hongjun
Published: April 2013

Among the tested compounds, derivative (IVc) exhibits moderate inhibitory activity against Gibberella zeae.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of New Chromeno[3,4‐c]chromene and Chromeno[3,4‐c]pyridine Derivatives in the Presence of High Surface Area of Magnesium Oxide.
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Iman , Sheibani Hassan
Published: April 2013

The MgO is employed as heterogeneous base catalyst for the one‐pot three component reaction to produce the title heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient [5 + 1] Synthesis of 4‐Quinolones by Domino Amination and Conjugate Addition Reactions of 1‐(2‐Fluorophenyl)prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ones with Amines.
Authors: Iaroshenko Viktor O. , Mkrtchyan Satenik , Villinger Alexander
Published: April 2013

The starting materials are readily prepared by Sonogashira‐type reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Synthesis of 3‐Trifluoroacetyl‐4‐quinolylamines, Sulfides, and Ethers Starting from N,N‐Dimethyl‐4‐quinolylamine.
Authors: Okada Etsuji , Hatakenaka Mizuki , Sakaemura Takushi , Shimomura Naofumi , Ashida Takuro
Published: April 2013

Aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions with N‐, S‐, and O‐nucleophiles take place at 4‐dimethylamino‐3‐trifluoroacetylquinoline (III) which can easily be prepared by acetylation of (I) using a new acylation agent (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Combined Directed Metalation — Suzuki—Miyaura Cross Coupling Strategies. Synthesis of Isomeric Chromenopyridinones and Related Annulated Analogues.
Authors: Miller Ricarda E. , Sommer Roman , Fan Hope , Snieckus Victor , Groth Ulrich
Published: April 2013

The general strategy for the synthesis of chromenopyridinones and pyridopyranoindazolones encompasses a directed ortho metalation (DoM)‐Suzuki‐Miyaura cross coupling and directed remote metalation (DreM) sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Regioselective Synthesis of (2E)‐2‐[2,3,6‐Triarylpyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ylidene]acetonitriles Through Ring Transformation Reactions.
Authors: Patil Umesh D. , Mahulikar Pramod P.
Published: April 2013

A facile conversion of functionalized pyranones to the title compounds includes a ring‐opening/ring‐closing sequence in the presence of amidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica‐Supported Perchloric Acid (HClO4—SiO2): An Efficient Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Khan Abu T. , Khan Md. Musawwer , Das Deb Kumar , Lal Mohan
Published: April 2013

via multicomponent reactions of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate with formaldehydes and amines
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity and Tubulin Targeting Effect of Acridinone and Dioxophenothiazine Derivatives.
Authors: Lebegue Nicolas , et al. et al.
Published: April 2013

Derivatives (IIIe) and (Ve) are potent in vitro tubulin polymerization inhibitors, but show weak cytotoxicities toward the human colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cell line, in the micro molar range.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the E Ring Segment of Ciguatoxin CTX3C via the Negishi Coupling of Cyclic Ketene Acetal Triflates.
Authors: Shiroma Kengo , Takamura Hiroyoshi , Kadota Isao
Published: April 2013

The stereocontrolled synthesis of the E‐ring segment of the title toxin (IX) is achieved via key C‐C bond formation by Negishi coupling of cyclic ketene acetal triflate (III) with zinc homoenolate (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Short and Stereocontrolled Cyclic Polyglycerols Synthesis Using BF3·OEt2 Mediated Intramolecular Epoxide‐Opening Reaction.
Authors: Hamada Masahiro , Kishimoto Takao , Nakajima Noriyuki
Published: April 2013

A stereoselective synthetic pathway for the cyclic triglycerol (XI) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Library of 1,5,2‐Dithiazepine 1,1‐Dioxides. Part 1. A One‐Pot Sulfonylation/Thia‐Michael Protocol.
Authors: Zang Qin , Zhou Aihua , Javed Salim , Maity Pradip K. , Knudtson Chris A. , Bi Danse , Hastings Jared J. , Basha Fatima Z. , Hanson Paul R.
Published: April 2013

Title compounds (III) and (V) are prepared and used as starting materials for a variety of derivatives of type (VII), (IX), (XI), (XIII), and (XVI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,4‐Phosphasilacyclohexa‐2,5‐dienes Bearing Hydrogen or Chlorine Atoms on the Silicon Atoms.
Authors: Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Morikawa Satoshi , Tokitoh Norihiro
Published: April 2013

Title compounds such as (VII)—(IX) are synthesized via the corresponding stannacycle (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of Coelenterazine and Its Analogues: New Route by Four Segment‐Couplings.
Authors: Chou Chun‐Ming , Tung Yu‐Wen , Lin Meng‐I , Chan Diana , Phakhodee Wong , Isobe Minoru
Published: April 2013

A improved route toward coelenterazine and its analogues via condensation of aminopyrazines (I) with ketoacetals (II) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Thioaldoses via BF3‐Promoted Cycloaddition of β‐Methoxyvinyl Sulfides with 2,3‐O‐Isopropylidene Derivatives of aldehydo‐Aldoses.
Authors: Sugimura Hideyuki , Kusakabe Kousuke
Published: April 2013

The reaction proceeds in a highly stereoselective manner allowing the installation of 2 stereogenic centers in a single step.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)‐Laudanosine by Hydroamination.
Authors: Ogata Tokutaro , Kimachi Tetsutaro , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Yamamoto Yasutomo , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: April 2013

Isoquinoline alkaloid laudanosine (VIII) and several analogues are prepared by hydroamination of corresponding aminoalkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Clausenamide by NHC‐Catalyzed γ‐Lactam Formation.
Authors: He Ming , Rommel Michael , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: April 2013

A synthetic access to biologically active (.+‐.)‐clausenamide (V) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured Electrodes for High‐Performance Pseudocapacitors
Authors: Lu Qi , Chen Jingguang G. , Xiao John Q
Published: April 2013

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Corrosion
Authors: Buchanan R. A. , Stansbury E. E.
Published: April 2013

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic and Molecular Structures of Small‐ and Medium‐Sized Carbon Clusters
Authors: Parasuk Vudhichai
Published: April 2013

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Catalytic Materials
Authors: Baerns Manfred
Published: April 2013

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phospharadialenes — A New Kid in Town
Authors: Hopf Henning
Published: April 2013

Review: [37 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aromatic Nitriles Using Nonmetallic Cyano‐Group Sources
Authors: Kim Jinho , Kim Hyun Jin , Chang Sukbok
Published: April 2013

Review: [89 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Nickel‐Catalyzed Biaryl Coupling
Authors: Yamaguchi Junichiro , Muto Kei , Itami Kenichiro
Published: April 2013

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Serinals for Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Bera Smritilekha , Mondal Dhananjoy , Singh Man , Kale Raosaheb K.
Published: April 2013

Review: 204 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metathesis‐Based Synthesis of Complex Bioactives
Authors: Richard Jean‐Alexandre , Ng Sin Yee , Chen David Y.‐K.
Published: April 2013

Review: 148 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Supported Catalysis
Authors: Richards Michelle L. , Scott Peter J. H.
Published: April 2013

Review: 140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Homogeneous Organometallic Chemistry of Methane
Authors: Cavaliere Vincent N. , Wicker Benjamin F. , Mindiola Daniel J.
Published: April 2013

Review: 210 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Daisy Chains
Authors: Rotzler Juergen , Mayor Marcel
Published: April 2013

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoorganocatalysis. What for?
Authors: Ravelli Davide , Fagnoni Maurizio , Albini Angelo
Published: April 2013

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptides and Peptidomimetics that Behave as Low Molecular Weight Gelators
Authors: Tomasini Claudia , Castellucci Nicola
Published: April 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Targeting and Delivery of Platinum‐Based Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Wang Xiaoyong , Guo Zijian
Published: April 2013

Review: 218 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological Applications of Functionalized Calixarenes
Authors: Nimse Satish Balasaheb , Kim Taisun
Published: April 2013

Review: 199 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity and Selectivity of Donor Glycosides in Glycochemistry and Glycobiology: Trapped Covalent Intermediates
Authors: Walvoort Marthe T. C. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Codee Jeroen D. C.
Published: April 2013

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Key Routes for the Transformation of Sugars into Carbasugars and Related Compounds
Authors: Soengas Raquel G. , Otero Jose M. , Estevez Amalia M. , Rauter Amelia P. , Cachatra Vasco , Estevez Juan C. , Estevez Ramon J.
Published: April 2013

Review: 222 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bacterial Carbohydrate Surface Structures Containing Kdo and Glycero‐D‐manno‐heptose Linkages
Authors: Oscarson Stefan
Published: April 2013

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aminophosphines and Their Applications in Catalysis
Authors: Stepanova Valeria A. , Smoliakova Irina P.
Published: April 2013

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Epihalohydrins in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Singh Girija S. , Mollet Karen , D'Hooghe Matthias , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: April 2013

Review: 457 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chalcones: Compounds Possessing a Diversity in Applications
Authors: Berar Urmila
Published: April 2013

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Epoxidation of Olefins with Homogeneous Catalysts — Quo Vadis?
Authors: Hauser Simone A. , Cokoja Mirza , Kuehn Fritz E.
Published: April 2013

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Chemistry; A Useful Tool for the Chemical Synthesis of Complex Molecules, Heterocycles and Catalysts
Authors: Arrieta Ana , de la Torre Maria C. , de Cozar Abel , Sierra Miguel A. , Cossio Fernando P.
Published: April 2013

Review: ca. 100 refs.
Influence of Initial pH Values on the Lag Phase of Escherichia coli and Bacillus licheniformis Batch Cultures
Authors: Palmen Thomas G. , Scheidle Marco , Huber Robert , Kamerke Claudia , Wilming Anja , Dittrich Barbara , Klee Doris , Büchs Jochen
Published: April 2013

Robust and reproducible processes are necessary to achieve a constant and high quality of biotechnological products. Thus, suitable online measurement systems and an increased understanding of the parameters influencing the process are required. In this study, two online measurement devices were used to detect the influence of the initial pH value on the lag phase of three E. coli and one B. licheniformis strains cultivated in buffered mineral media. It was shown that the initial pH value, the type of buffer and its concentration have to be carefully chosen to avoid differences in the lag phase, unsuitable pH values during the cultivation, and osmotically inhibiting high buffer concentrations.
Autologous retransplantation for patients with recurrent multiple myeloma
Authors: Sellner Leopold , Heiss Christiane , Benner Axel , Raab Marc S. , Hillengass Jens , Hose Dirk , Lehners Nicola , Egerer Gerlinde , Ho Anthony D. , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Neben Kai
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND

Therapeutic options for patients with recurrent multiple myeloma after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) include novel agents, conventional chemotherapy, or salvage ASCT with no standard of care.

METHODS

A total of 200 patients with multiple myeloma who developed disease recurrence after treatment with upfront ASCT and received an autologous retransplantation as salvage therapy at the study center over a period of 15 years were retrospectively reviewed. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the role of salvage ASCT in terms of efficacy, particularly taking into account the impact of novel agents.

RESULTS

The median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival after salvage ASCT were 15.2 months and 42.3 months, respectively. The overall response rate (a partial response or greater) was 80.4% at day 100, excluding 6 patients who died before assessment. Factors associated with improved PFS and overall survival after salvage ASCT included an initial PFS of > 18 months after upfront ASCT, bortezomib‐containing or lenalidomide‐containing therapies for reinduction, response to reinduction, and an International Staging System stage of I before salvage ASCT.

CONCLUSIONS

Salvage ASCT is capable of achieving sustained disease control in patients with multiple myeloma. The use of lenalidomide and bortezomib for reinduction has improved the results after salvage ASCT, suggesting that novel agents and salvage ASCT are complementary rather than alternative treatment approaches. Cancer 2013;119:2438‐2446. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
A family of memristor‐based reactance‐less oscillators
Authors: Zidan Mohammed Affan , Omran Hesham , Smith Casey , Syed Ahad , Radwan Ahmed Gomaa , Salama Khaled Nabil
Published: April 2013

In this paper, we present for the first time a family of memristor‐based reactance‐less oscillators (MRLOs). The proposed oscillators require no reactive components, that is, inductors or capacitors, rather, the ‘resistance storage’ property of memristor is exploited to generate the oscillation. Different types of MRLO family are presented, and for each type, closed form expressions are derived for the oscillation condition, oscillation frequency, and range of oscillation. Derived equations are further verified using transient circuit simulations. A comparison between different MRLO types is also discussed. In addition, detailed fabrication steps of a memristor device and experimental results for the first MRLO physical realization are presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An in situ approach to detect tree root ecology: linking ground‐penetrating radar imaging to isotope‐derived water acquisition zones
Authors: Isaac Marney E. , Anglaaere Luke C. N.
Published: April 2013

Tree root distribution and activity are determinants of belowground competition. However, studying root response to environmental and management conditions remains logistically challenging. Methodologically, nondestructive in situ tree root ecology analysis has lagged. In this study, we tested a nondestructive approach to determine tree coarse root architecture and function of a perennial tree crop, Theobroma cacao L., at two edaphically contrasting sites (sandstone and phyllite–granite derived soils) in Ghana, West Africa. We detected coarse root vertical distribution using ground‐penetrating radar and root activity via soil water acquisition using isotopic matching of δ18O plant and soil signatures. Coarse roots were detected to a depth of 50 cm, however, intraspecifc coarse root vertical distribution was modified by edaphic conditions. Soil δ18O isotopic signature declined with depth, providing conditions for plant–soil δ18O isotopic matching. This pattern held only under sandstone conditions where water acquisition zones were identifiably narrow in the 10–20 cm depth but broader under phyllite–granite conditions, presumably due to resource patchiness. Detected coarse root count by depth and measured fine root density were strongly correlated as were detected coarse root count and identified water acquisition zones, thus validating root detection capability of ground‐penetrating radar, but exclusively on sandstone soils. This approach was able to characterize trends between intraspecific root architecture and edaphic‐dependent resource availability, however, limited by site conditions. This study successfully demonstrates a new approach for in situ root studies that moves beyond invasive point sampling to nondestructive detection of root architecture and function. We discuss the transfer of such an approach to answer root ecology questions in various tree‐based landscapes.
Layer‐by‐layer assembly of photonic crystal using DNA
Authors: Kimura Yoshinori , Kaneda Shohei , Fujii Teruo , Murata Satoshi
Published: April 2013

Photonic crystals are a key component for optical next‐generation communication and computing in that they have a periodic 3D structure on the same scale as optical wavelengths. The major diﬃculty in the practical use of photonic crystals exists in its fabrication process. As an optical component, it must be a defect‐free large crystal with waveguide patterns aﬀecting the propagation of photons. Many attempts have been made to realize such a crystal, but low‐cost and rapid fabrication of a defect‐free large crystal is still a diﬃcult problem. Here, we propose a novel fabrication method combining colloidal crystallization and DNA nanotechnology. In this method, a face‐centered lattice made of 1‐µm polystyrene particles is assembled on a patterned template in a layer‐by‐layer fashion. In order to control the binding among particles, DNA‐gold nano‐particle conjugates (10‐nm GNP modiﬁed with 52mer DNA) are used. Speciﬁc bonding rules between particles and GNPs deﬁned by the base sequence of DNA results in the layer‐by‐layer growth of the crystal. We have built two‐layer crystals using the proposed method, and the results show its feasibility. We also found some important factors necessary to improve the quality of the crystal. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(5): 42–49, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11377
Dynamic quantizer design for MIMO systems based on communication rate constraint
Authors: Okajima Hiroshi , Sawada Kenji , Matsunaga Nobutomo , Minami Yuki
Published: April 2013

This paper proposes a design method for dynamic quantizers in a MIMO networked control system. It is well known that feedback‐type dynamic quantizers are eﬀective for the quantization of data series in the sense of noise shaping. The dynamic quantizers include a set of a dynamic ﬁlter and a static quantizer. When it is required to use the quantizer in network communication, the data size of the signal should be minimized appropriately by the quantizers. We have proposed a design method for dynamic quantizers in a SISO system based on the communication rate constraint. In this paper, the design method is extended to MIMO systems. Using this extension, the communication rate constraint for one type of concentrated system can be handled. In the setting of the quantizer for a MIMO system, bit assignment is an important matter for the appropriate design of information ﬂow. The eﬀectiveness of the proposed design method is shown using numerical examples. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(5): 28–36, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11396
Mega‐solar optimal allocation using data envelopment analysis
Authors: Yokota Shinya , Kumano Teruhisa
Published: April 2013

In this paper, the optimal allocation of mega‐solar is examined using data envelopment analysis (DEA). A great deal of attention is paid to photovoltaic power generation in Japan. Because such power generation can be freely used, it is attractive in Japan, which has few natural resources. The allocation of mega‐solar, a large‐scale photovoltaic power generation method, is an important problem for meeting the hope of eﬃcient operation. We tried to apply DEA in Shizuoka Prefecture and to solve this issue. In this type of DEA application, some analyses often result in zero weighting factors in the parameters of some items to be studied, which implies that the corresponding items are not appropriately evaluated. The existing studies do not give special consideration to this situation. In this study, a new calculation scheme is proposed, the above‐stated problems are successfully resolved, and the optimal candidate sites have been selected for the mega‐solar allocation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(4): 24–32, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22322
CD8‐β ADP‐ribosylation affects CD8+T‐cell function
Authors: Lischke Timo , Schumacher Valéa , Wesolowski Janusz , Hurwitz Robert , Haag Friedrich , Koch‐Nolte Friedrich , Mittrücker Hans‐Willi
Published: April 2013

The CD8αβ coreceptor is crucial for effective peptide: MHC‐I recognition by the TCR of CD8+ T cells. Adenosine diphosphate ribosyl transferase 2.2 (ART2.2) utilizes extracellular NAD+ to transfer ADP‐ribose to arginine residues of extracellular domains of surface proteins. Here, we show that in the presence of extracellular NAD+, ART2.2 caused ADP‐ribosylation of CD8‐β on murine CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with NAD+ prevented binding of anti‐CD8‐β mAb YTS156.7.7 but not of mAb H35–17.2, indicating that NAD+ caused modification of certain epitopes and not a general loss of CD8‐β. Loss of antibody binding was strictly dependent on ART2.2, because it was not observed on ART2‐deficient T cells or in the presence of inhibitory anti‐ART2.2 single‐domain antibodies. ADP‐ribosylation of CD8‐β occurred during cell isolation, particularly when cells were isolated from CD38‐deficient mice. Incubation of ART2‐expressing, but not of ART2‐deficient, OVA‐specific CD8+ T cells with NAD+ interfered with binding of OVA257–264:MHC‐I tetramers. In line with this result, treatment of WT mice with NAD+ resulted in reduced CD8+ T‐cell mediated cytotoxicity in vivo. We propose that ADP‐ribosylation of CD8‐β can regulate the coreceptor function of CD8 in the presence of elevated levels of extracellular NAD+.
Reduction and Hydrogenation of a Diazene by a (β‐Diketiminato)nickel Hydrazide
Authors: Köthe Claudia , Metzinger Ramona , Limberg Christian
Published: April 2013

A (β‐diketiminato)nickel(II) hydrazido(1–) complex [LtBuNi(η2‐N2H3)], {1, LtBu = [HC(CtBuNC6H3{iPr}2)2]–} has been obtained by treatment of [LtBuNiBr] with hydrazine. In a reaction of 1 with two equivalents of the azo compound diisopropyl azodicarboxylic ester (adc–OiPr) the Ni(N2H3) entity acts as both a hydrogenating and a reducing agent: diisopropyl hydrazidodicarboxylate (hdc–OiPr) is formed, and more adc–OiPr is reduced by two electrons. The resulting (adc–OiPr)2– is found as a ligand in the ultimate nickel product complex, the trinuclear nickel(II) compound [LtBuNi(μ‐adc–OiPr)Ni(μ‐adc–OiPr)NiLtBu] (2), in which two LtBuNi+ units are linked by a [NiII(adc–OiPr)2]2– moiety. The hypothesis that LtBuNiI species are acting as intermediates was supported by the independent finding that 2 can also be obtained by reaction of [LtBuNi(OEt2)] with adc–OiPr.
Molecular Heterobimetallic Aluminoxanes and Aluminoxane Sulfides Containing Group 4 Metals
Authors: Hidalgo‐Bonilla Sandra , Peyrot Ricardo , Jancik Vojtech , Barroso‐Flores Joaquín , Reyes‐Lezama Marisol , Moya‐Cabrera Mónica
Published: April 2013

Reactivity studies of aluminoxane hydroxide and hydrogensulfide [{MeLAl(EH)}2(μ‐O)] {MeL = CH[CMe(NAr)]2– (Ar = 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2); E = O (1), S (2)} with Group 4 amides led to the molecular heterobimetallic aluminoxanes [(MeLAlO)2(μ‐O){M(NR2)2}] [M = Ti, R = Me (3); M = Zr, R = Me (4), Et (5); M = Hf, R = Me (6), Et (7)] and aluminoxane sulfides [(MeLAlS)2(μ‐O){M(NR2)2}] [M = Ti, R = Me (8), Et (9); M = Zr, R = Me (10), Et (11); M = Hf, R = Me (12), Et (13)], respectively. The structural analyses of these compounds reveal six‐membered inorganic cores that exhibit Al–E–M (E = O, S; M = Ti, Zr, Hf) moieties. Compounds 10–13 exhibit strong O···M (M = Zr, Hf) transannular bonding, whereas 8 and 9 exhibit relatively short Ti–S bond lengths. DFT calculations performed on 8–13 at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory indicate that the titanium atoms in 8 and 9, despite having the lowest transannular bond index, have the highest total Wiberg bond indexes. This can be rationalized in terms of the high Ti–S bond indexes, which indicate an important degree of electron density delocalized from the sulfur atoms to the titanium atom.
Chlorosilanes and 3,5‐Dimethylpyrazole: Multinuclear Complexes, Acetonitrile Insertion and 29Si NMR Chemical‐Shift Anisotropy Studies
Authors: Bitto Florian , Kraushaar Konstantin , Böhme Uwe , Brendler Erica , Wagler Jörg , Kroke Edwin
Published: April 2013

The multinuclear silicon complexes [{H2ClSi(μ‐pz*)2}2SiH2] (1) and [Cl2Si(μ‐pzRR)2SiCl2] (2, R = Me; 3, R = Ph) were formed by the reaction of dichlorosilane (for 1) or hexachlorodisilane with 1‐trimethylsilyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazole (for 1 and 2) and the 3,5‐diphenyl analogue (for 3). The reaction of trichlorosilane with 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole (Hpz*) in MeCN resulted in the formation of two MeCN insertion products of 2 (4, 5). From different samples of synthesis products of this work a preferred hydrolysis product was obtained: [{(μ‐pz*)2SiH}3–μ3‐O]+Cl– (6). The structural and electronic features of the compounds synthesised in this work were analysed with single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and 29Si cross‐polarisation (CP)/magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical computations to investigate their 29Si chemical‐shift anisotropy principal tensor components.
Understanding the limits of self‐control: Positive affect moderates the impact of task switching on consecutive self‐control performance
Authors: Wenzel Mario , Conner Tamlin S. , Kubiak Thomas
Published: April 2013

Performing consecutive self‐control tasks typically leads to deterioration in self‐control performance. This effect can be explained within the strength model of self‐control or within a cognitive control perspective. Both theoretical frameworks differ in their predictions with regard to the impact of affect and task characteristics on self‐control deterioration within a two‐task paradigm. Whereas the strength model predicts decrements in self‐control performance whenever both tasks require a limited resource, under a cognitive control perspective, decrements should only occur when people switch to a different response conflict in the second task. Moreover, only the cognitive control model predicts an interaction between task switching and positive affect. In the present research, we investigated this interaction within a two‐task paradigm and found evidence that favored a cognitive control interpretation of the results. Positive affect only benefitted consecutive self‐control performance if response conflicts in the two tasks were different (resisting sweets followed by a Stroop task). If they were the same (two consecutive Stroop tasks), positive affect impaired self‐control performance. These effects were partially replicated in the second study that also examined negative affect, which did not affect self‐control performance. We conclude that drawing on cognitive control models could add substantially to research on self‐control. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When relationships do not live up to benevolent ideals: Women's benevolent sexism and sensitivity to relationship problems
Authors: Hammond Matthew D. , Overall Nickola C.
Published: April 2013

Benevolent sexism promises women a revered place within intimate relationships, which should lead to greater dissatisfaction when they face relationship difficulties. We collected self‐reports of relationship problems and relationship satisfaction (Study 1; N = 91 heterosexual couples), relationship problems and relationship evaluations daily over 3 weeks (Study 1), and hurtful partner behaviour and relationship evaluations over 10 days (Study 2; N = 86 women). Women's endorsement of benevolent sexism predicted sharper declines in relationship satisfaction when they faced greater relationship problems (Study 1) and hurtful partner behaviour (Study 2). These effects were magnified in longer relationships (Studies 1 and 2), indicating that the sensitivity to relationship problems associated with women's endorsement of benevolent sexism is particularly pronounced when women have more invested in their relationship role being revered and cherished. The results suggest that women who endorse benevolent sexism are vulnerable within their relationships because their satisfaction is contingent upon the fulfilment of the promises of benevolent sexism. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
There's no “I” in team: Effects of cooperative video games on cooperative behavior
Authors: Greitemeyer Tobias , Cox Christopher
Published: April 2013

The present research tests the idea that playing a team‐player video game in which players work together as teammates and assist each other in achieving a common goal increases cooperative behavior toward a new partner. In fact, relative to a single‐player mode, cooperatively playing a video game increased cooperation in a mixed‐motive decision dilemma task. Because the players were exposed to the same video game content in both experimental conditions, the effect on cooperative behavior can only be accounted for by the different way the game was played. Mediation analyses revealed that cooperative team play promoted feelings of cohesion, which activated trust (i.e., the expectation of reciprocal cooperation), which in turn increased cooperative behavior. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel group access authentication and key agreement protocol for machine‐type communication
Authors: Lai Chengzhe , Li Hui , Li Xiaoqing , Cao Jin
Published: April 2013

Machine‐to‐machine communications have been actively engaged in by the standardisation and industry areas, also defined as machine‐type communication (MTC) in the release 10 of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project. The scenarios of 3rd Generation Partnership Project have been regarded as the promising solution facilitating machine‐to‐machine communications, which is being standardised as an emphatic application to be supported by long‐term evolution advanced. In this paper, we propose a novel group access authentication and key agreement protocol for MTC devices, which effectively reduces authentication costs compared with conventional schemes. In our proposed protocol, the first MTC device accessing the network performs a full authentication and key agreement authentication procedure and obtains a group temporary key and group authentication information on behalf of other MTC devices in the same group; then, the remaining MTC devices perform a simplified authentication procedure locally. The key derivation and group member joining and leaving are also discussed. Finally, the security of the proposed protocol is verified by using the AVISPA toolkit, and extensive evaluations of performance illustrate that the proposed protocol achieves better performance in terms of the bandwidth consumption, the number of signaling messages between the home network and the serving network, the computation cost and the storage cost in the serving network compared with several existing schemes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow‐dependent predictability of the North Atlantic jet
Authors: Frame T. H. A. , Methven J. , Gray S. L. , Ambaum M. H. P.
Published: April 2013

The North Atlantic eddy‐driven jet is a major component of the large‐scale flow in the northern hemisphere. Here we present evidence from reanalysis and ensemble forecast data for systematic flow‐dependent predictability of the jet during northern hemisphere winter (DJF). It is found that when the jet is weakened or split, it is both less persistent and less predictable. The lack of predictability manifests itself as the onset of an anomalously large instantaneous rate of spread of ensemble forecast members as the jet becomes weakened. This suggests that, as the jet weakens or splits, it enters into a state more sensitive to small differences between ensemble forecast members, rather like the sensitive region between the wings of the Lorenz attractor.
Aragonite saturation state dynamics in a coastal upwelling zone
Authors: Harris Katherine E. , DeGrandpre Michael D. , Hales Burke
Published: April 2013

Coastal upwelling zones may be at enhanced risk from ocean acidification as upwelling brings low aragonite saturation state (ΩAr) waters to the surface that are further suppressed by anthropogenic CO2. ΩAr was calculated with pH, pCO2, and salinity‐derived alkalinity time series data from autonomous pH and pCO2 instruments moored on the Oregon shelf and shelf break during different seasons from 2007 to 2011. Surface ΩAr values ranged between 0.66 ± 0.04 and 3.9 ± 0.04 compared to an estimated pre‐industrial range of 1.0 ± 0.1 to 4.7 ± 0.1. Upwelling of high‐CO2 water and subsequent removal of CO2 by phytoplankton imparts a dynamic range to ΩAr from ~1.0 to ~4.0 between spring and autumn. Freshwater input also suppresses saturation states during the spring. Winter ΩAr is less variable than during other seasons and is controlled primarily by mixing of the water column.
The changing roles of temperature and precipitation on snowpack variability in Switzerland as a function of altitude
Authors: Morán‐Tejeda Enrique , López‐Moreno Juan Ignacio , Beniston Martin
Published: April 2013

In this study, we assess the role of altitude in determining the relative performance of temperature and precipitation as predictors of snowpack variability in Switzerland. The results indicate a linear relationship between altitude and the correlation of temperature (precipitation) with snowpack depth and duration. We identify a threshold altitude of approximately 1400 m a.s.l. (± 200 m, depending on the snow index considered), below which temperature is the main explanatory variable and above which precipitation is a better predictor of snowpack variability. The results also highlight that as climate warms, the altitude at which temperature is the main constraint on snow accumulation increases. This has important implications for the future viability of snow‐dependent economic sectors in Switzerland, where projections indicate a continuous warming during the course of the 21st century.
Unexpected Reaction Course of 3‐Amino‐5‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazoles with Dialkyl Dicyanofumarates
Authors: Ali Korany A. , Ragab Eman A. , Mlostoń Grzegorz , Celeda Małgorzata , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz
Published: April 2013

On treatment of 3‐amino‐5‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazoles 1 with dialkyl dicyanofumarates (=(E)‐but‐2‐enedioates) 4 in boiling 1,2‐dichloroethane, two competitive reactions occurred leading to 3‐aryl‐5‐cyano‐6,7‐dihydro‐6‐oxo‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐4‐carboxylates 10 and 7‐amino‐2‐arylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐5,6‐dicarboxylates 11. In DMF at room temperature, as well as at 100°, only compounds 10 were isolated. The formation of the major products of type 10 was rationalized via Michael addition of 1 as a C(4)‐nucleophile onto 4, followed by HCN elimination and lactamization. On the other hand, the minor products 11 result from a Michael addition of 1 onto 4 via the NH2 group, and subsequent HCN elimination and cyclization. The structures of the products have been established by X‐ray crystallography.
Emerging roles of endoglin/CD105 and angiogenic cytokines for disease development and progression in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Pappa CA , Alexandrakis MG , Boula A , Psarakis FE , Kolovou A , Bantouna V , Stavroulaki E , Tsirakis G
Published: April 2013

Angiogenesis is an essential process for the expansion of multiple myeloma (MM), in which many angiogenic factors participate. Endoglin (CD105) is a transforming growth factor‐β co‐receptor, being mainly expressed in angiogenic endothelial cells and has been used as a marker of tumor angiogenesis, having prognostic potential. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum levels of soluble CD105 (sCD105) in MM patients, both during diagnosis and after effective conventional chemotherapy, in the plateau phase, and to correlate them with the clinical stage of the disease, as well as with the known angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor, angiogenin and interleukin‐18 (IL‐18). Serum levels of the aforementioned factors were measured, by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, in 56 newly diagnosed MM patients, in 35 of them who entered plateau phase and in 24 healthy controls. Bone marrow aspirations were also performed in all patients to determine plasma cell infiltration. All measured cytokines were higher in MM patients compared with controls and with advancing disease stage (p < 0.001 for all cases). Furthermore, the values of all factors decreased significantly in the plateau phase (p < 0.001 for all cases). Serum levels of sCD105 correlated with the other angiogenic cytokines, whereas only serum levels of angiogenin had prognostic value for the survival. In conclusion, CD105 and the angiogenic cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor, angiogenin and IL‐18, seem to have emerging roles both in angiogenesis and tumor growth in MM. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling peptide binding to anionic membrane pores
Authors: He Yi , Prieto Lidia , Lazaridis Themis
Published: April 2013

Peptide‐induced pore formation in membranes can be dissected into two steps: pore formation and peptide binding to the pore. A computational method is proposed to study the second step in anionic membranes. The electrostatic potential is obtained from numerical solutions to the Poisson–Boltzmann equation and is then used in conjunction with IMM1 (implicit membrane model 1). A double charge layer model is used to incorporate the effects of the membrane dipole potential. Inhomogeneity of the charge density in the pore, characterized by explicit membrane simulations of toroidal pores, is included in the model. This approach was applied to two extensively studied peptides, magainin and melittin. In agreement with previous work, binding to toroidal pores is more favorable than binding to the flat membrane. The dependence of binding energy on anionic content exhibits different patterns for the two peptides, in correlation with the different lipid selectivity that has been observed experimentally. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Ambient Temperature in Neonate Aspic Vipers: Growth, Locomotor Performance and Defensive Behaviors
Authors: AÏDAM AURÉLIE , MICHEL CATHERINE LOUISE , BONNET XAVIER
Published: April 2013

The impact of temperature during incubation and gestation has been tested in various reptiles; the postnatal period has been rarely investigated however. Three groups of newborn aspic vipers (Vipera aspis) were placed under contrasted thermal regimes during 7 months: (1) a cool 23°C constant regime, (2) a warm 28°C constant regime, and (3) an optimal regime with free‐access to a wide range of temperatures. Later, all the snakes were placed under hibernation conditions (6°C) during 3 months. Finally all the snakes were placed in the optimal thermal regime during 2 additional months. The total duration of the experiment was of 12 months. Body mass and feeding rates were recorded weekly, body size was measured monthly. We also assessed locomotor performance and recorded several behavioral traits (e.g., defensive and predatory behaviors). As expected, snakes raised under cool temperatures exhibited low feeding rate, growth rate, body condition, and they exhibited poor locomotor performance; they also displayed marked defensive behaviors (e.g., high number of defensive bites) whilst hesitating during longer periods to bite a prey. Such behavioral effects were detected at the end of the experiment (i.e., 5 months after exposure to contrasted thermal treatments [3 months of hibernation plus 2 months of optimal regime]), revealing long term effects. Surprisingly, growth rate and locomotor performance were not different between the two other groups, warm constant 28°C versus optimal regimes (albeit several behavioral traits differed), suggesting that the access to a wide range of ambient temperatures was not a crucial factor. J. Exp. Zool. 319A:310–318, 2013. © 2013 © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.