bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connection Quality Prediction and Nonlinear Control of Power Grid Communication Wireless Network
Authors: Zhao Ziyuan
Published: June 2022

Learn about effective and uncontrolled gambling on wireless networks. Firstly, according to the control purpose, considering the reliability requirement of microgrid for network communication, the characteristics of wireless sensor network communication quality of service in microgrid, the influence of wireless connection reliability, and the mathematical standard of wireless communication are determined. Then, according to the estimation of the occurrence time of wireless communication link reliability, the reliability of wireless sensor network communication link in a smart grid is improved based on a fuzzy nonlinear control algorithm. Finally, the security and reliability of the control system described in this paper are measured by simulation. The experimental results show that the reliability of the wireless communication estimation time estimation algorithm and the power control algorithm based on fuzzy control can estimate the reliability, shortsightedness, and accuracy of good connections in real time. By adjusting the output power of the node, the connection quality and reliability can be controlled stably.
Web Application Firewall Using Machine Learning and Features Engineering
Authors: Shaheed Aref , Kurdy M. H. D. Bassam
Published: June 2022

Web application security has become a major requirement for any business, especially with the wide web attacks spreading despite the defensive measures and the continuous development of software frameworks and servers. In this study, we present a proposed model for a web application firewall that used machine learning and features engineering to detect common web attacks. Our proposed model analyses incoming requests to the webserver, parses these requests to extract four features that describe completely HTTP request parts (URL, payload, and headers), and classifies whether a request is normal or an anomaly. We took into consideration the limitation of previous works that use URL and payload only in classification and provided five features that describe and summarize all parts of the HTTP request using features engineering and previous experience in the field of the software security domain. Extracted features are length of request, percentage of characters allowed, percentage of special characters, and attack weight. These features were calculated for four different datasets CSIC 2010, HTTPParams 2015, Hybrid dataset (CSIC 2010 and HTTPParams), and real logs for the compromised web server. We evaluated our proposed model by using these updated datasets with four classification algorithms (Naive Bayes, logistic regression, decision tree, and support vector machine) with two methods (train test split and cross-validation) to negate the probability of overfitting and ensure that features are effective. Features values for a normal request are usually short request length, large allowed character ratio, small special character ratio, and zero attack weight or close to zero. Features values for anomaly requests are large request length, small allowed character percentage, large special character percentage, and very large numerically attack weight. Our proposed model achieved a classification accuracy of 99.6% with datasets used in research studies in this field and 98.8% with datasets of real web servers.
Research on Characterization and Shaping of Chinese Heroic Characters in Online Media Based on Deep Neural Network Evaluation
Authors: Wang Zhao , Huang Jing
Published: June 2022

Shaping the image of heroic characters is an important task of melodramatic films and TV dramas, whether they are revolutionary heroes, combat heroes, leader heroes, or civilian heroes, which have always been the key objects of melodramatic films and TV dramas. However, the traditional melodramatic films and TV dramas are facing many bottlenecks in the acceptance of heroic characters in the new era. In this paper, in order to obtain a richer character text, we divide the denotation elimination into two parts; one is the denotation elimination without considering the zero pronoun phenomenon, which is mainly done by the existing end-to-end neural codenotation algorithm, and the other is the attention-based algorithm model for the zero pronoun phenomenon. Analyzing this result from the perspective of the algorithmic model, it can be speculated that the lexical vector has a superior performance in the overall predicted character score, indicating that in the Big Five personality analysis for characters, the character’s personality is more reflected in lexicality, and the scores on a person’s Big Five personality dimensions can be indirectly reflected by the frequency of using different lexicalities. The similarities and differences among heroes are explored to create a popular hero image.
The Application of the Unsupervised Migration Method Based on Deep Learning Model in the Marketing Oriented Allocation of High Level Accounting Talents
Authors: Liu MengYang , Li MingJun , Zhang XiaoYang
Published: June 2022

Deep learning is a branch of machine learning that uses neural networks to mimic the behaviour of the human brain. Various types of models are used in deep learning technology. This article will look at two important models and especially concentrate on unsupervised learning methodology. The two important models are as follows: the supervised and unsupervised models. The main difference is the method of training that they undergo. Supervised models are provided with training on a particular dataset and its outcome. In the case of unsupervised models, only input data is given, and there is no set outcome from which they can learn. The predicting/forecasting column is not present in an unsupervised model, unlike in the supervised model. Supervised models use regression to predict continuous quantities and classification to predict discrete class labels; unsupervised models use clustering to group similar models and association learning to find associations between items. Unsupervised migration is a combination of the unsupervised learning method and migration. In unsupervised learning, there is no need to supervise the models. Migration is an effective tool in processing and imaging data. Unsupervised learning allows the model to work independently to discover patterns and information that were previously undetected. It mainly works on unlabeled data. Unsupervised learning can achieve more complex processing tasks when compared to supervised learning. The unsupervised learning method is more unpredictable when compared with other types of learning methods. Some of the popular unsupervised learning algorithms include k-means clustering, hierarchal clustering, Apriori algorithm, clustering, anomaly detection, association mining, neural networks, etc. In this research article, we implement this particular deep learning model in the marketing oriented asset allocation of high level accounting talents. When the proposed unsupervised migration algorithm was compared to the existing Fractional Hausdorff Grey Model, it was discovered that the proposed system provided 99.12% accuracy by the high level accounting talented candidate in market-oriented asset allocation.
Risk Assessment of OFDI for Technology‐Based Enterprises under the Background of “One Belt One Road”
Authors: Li Bingjie
Published: June 2022

With the proposal of “One Belt One Road” initiative, more and more technology‐driven enterprises in China are going abroad for foreign direct investment (FDI). But at the same time, due to the special geographical location of the countries along the “Belt and Road,” the turbulent geopolitical pattern, weak economic growth, and constant conflicts between religious civilizations, all these will make Chinese technology‐driven enterprises’ investment in the countries along the “Belt and Road” face a nonnegligible risk. Thus, how to correctly assess and reasonably prevent OFDI risk has become urgent task for enterprises. This paper takes 20 countries along the “Belt and Road” as the research object and combines the characteristics of technology‐oriented enterprises to determine the risk assessment indicators at all levels from four aspects: politics and policy, economy and finance, society and culture, and technological risks. Using fuzzy cluster analysis, the countries along the “Belt and Road” are classified into four groups: low, medium‐low, medium‐high, and high risks and corresponding countermeasures are proposed. Technology‐oriented enterprises should raise their political risk awareness, comprehensively assess the economic and financial environment of host countries before making FDIs, implement “localized” operation and management, and pay attention to the protection of intellectual property rights.
Recent Advancement in Postharvest Loss Mitigation and Quality Management of Fruits and Vegetables Using Machine Learning Frameworks
Authors: Singh Abha , Vaidya Gayatri , Jagota Vishal , Darko Daniel Amoako , Agarwal Ravindra Kumar , Debnath Sandip , Potrich Erich
Published: June 2022

Agriculture is an important component of the concept of sustainable development. Given the projected population growth, sustainable agriculture must accomplish food security while also being economically viable, socially responsible, and having the least possible impact on biodiversity and natural ecosystems. Deep learning has shown to be a sophisticated approach for big data analysis, with several successful cases in image processing, object identification, and other domains. It has lately been applied in food science and engineering. Among the issues and concerns addressed by these systems were food recognition; quality detection of fruits, vegetables, meat, and aquatic items; food supply chain; and food contamination. In precision agriculture, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a commonly used technology for estimating food quality. It is especially important when evaluating crops at different phases of harvest and postharvest. Crop disease and damage detection is a high-priority activity because some postharvest diseases or damages, such as decay, can destroy crops and produce poisons that are toxic to humans. In this paper, we use Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)-based U-Net, DeepLab, and Mask R-CNN models to detect and predict postharvest deterioration zones in stored apple fruits. Our approach is unique in that it segmented and predicted postharvest decay and nondecay zones in fruits separately. This review will focus on postharvest physiology and management of fruits and vegetables, including harvesting, handling, packing, storage, and hygiene, to reduce postharvest loss (PHL) and improve crop quality. It will also cover postharvest handling under extreme weather conditions and potential impacts of climate change on vegetable postharvest and postharvest biotechnology on PHL.
Design Analysis and Test Verification of Double‐Layer Gradient Coating Reinforced Concrete Flexural Strength
Authors: Pei Qiang , Xiang Yihan , Hu Shuncai , Bao Yiwang , Li Weihong
Published: June 2022

The residual compressive stress of concrete members can offset the tensile stress caused by some external load and hinder the generation and expansion of surface cracks to enhance the flexural strength of concrete. In order to carry out this strengthening method, the single‐layer and double‐layer gradient coatings mixed by sulphate aluminium cement with different amounts of expansion agent on the surface of concrete specimens were discussed, and the theoretical calculation formula of surface compressive stress caused by this was deduced. Combined with experimental data, the influence of surface compressive stress on flexural strength of concrete was studied. The results demonstrate that the greater the surface compressive stress generated in the coating, the better the effect of improving the flexural strength of concrete. To obtain sufficient surface compressive stress, it is recommended that the cross‐sectional product ratio of the substrate to the coating is more than 80; the higher the elastic modulus of the coating, the greater the surface compressive stress; the smaller the shrinkage rate of the coating, the greater the surface compressive stress. The improvement effect of double‐layer gradient coating on the flexural strength of concrete is better than that of single‐layer coating. Compared with the reference specimen without coating, the improvement rates of double‐layer gradient coating on the early and late flexural strength of concrete are 57.7% and 45.7%, respectively.
Analysis of the Characteristics of Dominant Diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine: Based on 95 Diseases
Authors: Wu Hanting , Liang Yi , Li Qiushuang , Hei Peijie , Liang Juan , Dai Rongchen , Ji Conghua
Published: June 2022

Background. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used all over the world and has shown its superiority in some diseases. However, there are no clear evaluation criteria for TCM. In 2019, a list of TCM dominant diseases was published by the Chinese National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. This study aimed to systematically summarize the characteristics of 95 TCM dominant diseases and provide a reference for the establishment of evaluation criteria for TCM dominant diseases. Methods. The diagnosis and treatment protocols of all the 95 TCM dominant diseases were screened. The data of disease classification, diseases’ code of TCM, length of hospital stay, treatment protocols, and clinical pathways were reviewed and summarized. Results. The diseases of the genitourinary and nervous systems accounted for 14.74% and 12.73% of the TCM dominant diseases, respectively. The length of hospital stay for 55 (57.89%) diseases was no more than less than 14 days. Each disease had its specific Chinese herbal decoction pieces and Chinese patent drugs. Chinese medical injections were not widely used. TCM external treatments for these diseases are abundant, with hundreds optional. Conclusion. Some potentially promising TCM dominant diseases remain to be identified and deserve further research to establish the evaluation criteria of TCM dominant diseases.
[Retracted] Analysis of the Effect of Posterior Lateral Malleolus Plate Fixation on the Curative Effect and Mechanical Stability of Complex Ankle Fractures
Authors: Zha Junpu , Zhang Guolei , Zhang Jingtao , Wang Xiaoqing , Li Jie , Di Jun
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the effect of lateral and posterior 1/3 tubular plate bone plate fixation on the curative effect, wound healing, and mechanical stability of complex ankle fracture. 80 patients with complex ankle fractures treated in our hospital from January 2018 to July 2020 are selected for the study, and 80 patients are randomly divided into posterior fixation group and lateral fixation group according to the number table method, with 40 patients in each group. Patients in the posterior malleolus fixation group are treated with posterior lateral malleolus plate fixation, and patients in the lateral malleolus fixation group are treated with lateral malleolus plate fixation. The differences in efficacy, mechanical stability, wound healing, visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, and American Association of Foot and Ankle Surgery (AOFAS) ankle function are compared. The subjects are followed up for 6 months until January 2022. In patients with complex ankle fracture, 1/3 tubular plate osteoplate fixation in the posterior lateral malleolus can improve clinical efficacy and mechanical stability, which is helpful to promote incision healing and reduce the risk of complications. The 1/3 tubular plate osteoplate fixation in the posterior lateral malleolus is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Antiepileptic Therapy of Abrus cantoniensis: Evidence from Network Pharmacology
Authors: Wang Yue , Li Xia , Dou Peixuan , Qiao Tong , Chang Ying
Published: June 2022

The present study explores the mechanism of antiepileptic treatment of Abrus cantoniensis through network pharmacology. During this process, several databases were recruited, e.g., the TCMSP database, HERB database, and SwissTargetPrediction database were used to retrieve the active components and targets of Abrus cantoniensis; GeneCards database and OMIM database were used to retrieve the targets of epilepsy. The targets of epilepsy and Abrus cantoniensis were subjected to target intersection in venny2.1, and protein interaction analysis of Abrus cantoniensis in the String database. We set the Cyto NCA plug-in condition as betweenness; selected the first 8 genes of betweenness as the core genes; performed the integrative bioinformatics of candidates by GO analysis and KEGG analysis. Moreover, AutoDockTools and AutoDockVina software were used to perform the molecular docking; Pymol was used to perform the docking visualization. We obtained three active components of Abrus cantoniensis, which are mainly related to β-sitosterol and stigmasterol; 92 intersection targets of epilepsy of Abrus cantoniensis, including 9 core targets such as AKT1, ESR1, MMP9, CES1, SRC, HIF1A, ABCB1, CASP3, and SNCA; 8 core targets were flavanone constituent proteins. Define

p

value less than 0.05; according to the screening principle, the first 20 GO pathways and KEGG pathways were selected. We found that Abrus cantoniensis was mainly connected with epilepsy through the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway, the neurodegeneration pathway, and multiple disease signaling pathway; the docking between ESR1 and components is the most stable among the core targets. Besides, the binding energies of the core targets were all less than −5 kcal mol−1. Taken together, the current research provides a new strategy for the antiepileptic treatment of Abrus cantoniensis.
Modeling of Preload Bolted Flange Connection Structure for Loosening Analysis and Detection
Authors: Sun Weicheng , Guan Zhenqun , Chen Yan , Pan Jiacheng , Zeng Yan
Published: June 2022

The specified finite element model is proposed for preload bolted flange connection structure widely used in aerospace and rocket design. A fine hexahedral mesh model of the bolt is used to predict the dynamic response of the structure accurately. The tightening process, which is ignored in the traditional I-shaped simplified model of bolted flange connection structure, can be simulated well based on the proposed model. After the vibration analysis and stress analysis of the bolted flange connection structure under impact load, it is found that the change of contact state of the flange surface results in a larger sticking contact area. And the reduction of the contact area at the thread causes slippage when the bolt is loose. As bolt loosening leads to changes in the time and frequency domain of response, a new loosening detection method for the preload bolted flange connection is provided. The index for identifying the loosening is designed using empirical mode decomposition and discrete integral in the high-frequency domain. The experiment of the preload bolted flange connection structure under impact load shows the efficiency of the proposed method which can identify loosening based on acceleration signal quickly and nondestructively.
The Infection Control Route in the Operating Room Effectively Reduces the Wound Infection of Patients
Authors: Tang Xiufang , Ren Zhenqing , Miao Yueqin , Dou Hongmei
Published: June 2022

Surgical care is one of the significant aspects of global healthcare, with approximately 234 million operations being conducted annually. Surgical treatment has a substantial risk of complications and death. This study was conducted to explore the application effect of the infection control route in the operating room on the wound infection prevention care of patients. The clinical data of 136 patients receiving surgical treatment from October 2018 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The participants were assigned via random draw at a ratio of 1 : 1 to receive either routine care management (control group) or the infection control route (research group). The surgical wound infections of patients in the two groups were compared. The research group had higher scores in surgical materials management and disinfectant management than the control group (

P
<
0.01

). In the research group, the total number of colonies within 5 minutes before surgery, 25 minutes after the start of surgery, and after surgery were all smaller than those in the control group (

P
<
0.01

). There were no significant differences in the grade B healing rate between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

), and the research group had a significantly higher healing rate in grade A than the control group, but its grade C healing rate and wound infection rate were significantly lower than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). In the research group, the length of hospital stay, the time to get out of bed, the antibiotic use duration, and the stitch removal time was significantly shorter than those in the control group (

P
<
0.0001

). The research group received a higher clinical nursing satisfaction than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The infection control route in the operating room for infection prevention care effectively reduces the wound infection rate of patients and accelerates their postoperative recovery.
Research on the Effect of IOT Wireless Network Technology on the Educational Management of China’s Universities
Authors: Zhao Minxiao
Published: June 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) wireless network technology is gradually making its way into campus life in today’s information-driven modern world, bringing convenience to students’ daily lives and studies while also placing new demands on the quality of teaching and management effectiveness of universities. In order to make colleges and universities have a more rational approach to talent training, relevant workers need to grasp the characteristics of the data era, keep up with excellent educational examples, innovate educational and teaching methods, and guide students’ learning and growth in the data era. To that end, this paper begins by examining the practicality and importance of IoT for teaching and management in colleges and universities by examining the current state of teaching in colleges and universities, the application of IoT in colleges and universities, and the shortcomings of IoT, as well as the use of network technology on campus. Furthermore, it proposes the IoT education management platform combined with machine learning technology. Finally, we offer an IoT education management platform that combines machine learning technologies, which we believe will be useful to relevant practitioners.
Comparative Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris during Pulpectomy Procedure in Primary Molar Teeth Using Two Different Rotary Systems and Hand Files: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Nanavati Komal , Katge Farhin , Poojari Manohar , Shetty Shilpa , Kamble Aishwarya
Published: June 2022

Background. Successful outcome of endodontic treatment depends on chemomechanical preparation of the tooth. However, during canal preparation, debris may extrude through the apical foramen causing postoperative complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the amount of apically extruded debris during the pulpectomy procedure in primary molar teeth using two different rotary files and hand files. Materials and Methods. Distal roots of sixty extracted primary molars were divided into three groups: group A: Prime Pedo™ pediatric rotary files, group B: DXL-Pro Pedo™ pediatric rotary files, and group C: hand files. Myers and Montgomery experimental model was used. Preweighed Eppendorf tubes were used to collect apically extruded debris. The tubes were then placed in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days. The weight of the debris attained was determined. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test. Results. Hand files produced more apical debris extrusion (

P
<
0.05

). Prime Pedo™ pediatric rotary files produced the least debris (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Prime Pedo™ and DXL-Pro Pedo™ pediatric rotary files extruded significantly lower amount of debris apically during pulpectomy as compared to hand files. Rotary files can be considered an alternative to hand files in pediatric endodontics.
The Marble and the Myrthe: About the Inconstancy of the Savage's Soul
Authors: Castro Eduardo Viveiros de
Published: June 2022

When the jesuits were catechizing the Tupinamba they noted the "inconstancy" of the indians in their religious conversion process. They seemed very interested on the jesuits education but even after a period of learning process, the Indians insisted on going back to their old habits. The article tries to understand the reasons and implications of such "inconstancy". Revenge and cannibalism are very important factors for the understanding of the Tupinamba. These notions constituted that society and promoted its continuity. Acording to the author, the acceptance of the cannibalism prohibition by the Tupinamba was one of the Tupinamba's greatest lost.
The Naturalistic View: Between Rupture and Translation
Authors: Schwarcz Lilia Moritz
Published: June 2022

Beliefs in science, objectivity, progress and unidirected evolution are central notions of the 19th century thinking. They are strongly influence the Brazilian literary works of that period. These works, based on prevailing anthropology and biology theories, were critical of slavery, the monarchy state and the Romanticism tendency. The article analises the realistic-naturalistic Brazilian literature of the period which presents strong traces of determinism racial theories.
Japoneses no Brasil/brasileiros no Japão: tradição e modernidade
Authors: Woortmann Ellen F.
Published: June 2022

The aim of this artícle is to díscuss the role played by hierarchy and fainily values in organizing the migration of Japanese to Brazil, from other parts of Brazil to the Federal District, and lately of "nissei" and "sansei" from Brazil to Japan. The main body of data refers to the Federal District and reveals conflicts betwee n traditional and modern values as well as the ambiguities of a Japanese-Brazilian identity. Migration back to Japan is also seen as a kind of rite of passage for the social constructíon (Bildung) of the person.
Los indígenas y el Estado Nacional en América Latina
Authors: Bengoa José
Published: June 2022

Neste artigo, faz-se uma análise das políticas dos Estados Nacionais latinoamericanos (com especial referência ao México e à América do Sul hispânica) frente aos povos indígenas. O ideário indigenista de sucessivos períodos a partir do século XIX é considerado de uma perspectiva histórica e comparativa, com vistas a uma compreensão da presença atual das populações indígenas nos diferentes países. Os fatos de Chiapas são analisados como questionamento de idéias indigenistas consagradas.
Um documento falso sobre a conquista do território dos índios Goitacá no século XVII
Authors: Martins José de Souza
Published: June 2022

ln 1893, the Revista do Instituto histórico e Geographico Brazileiro (Journal of the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute) published a document about the conquest occurred in the 17th century of the lands of the Goitacá indians, also known as "Cainpos dos Goitacazes". ln spite of the suspicions concerning its origins, which have been used by historians and anthropologists thereafter as a reliable source of information. If authentic, this document could be of deep interest to ethnohistorians and researches of the History of lhe Indian people. This article points out some inconsistencies between the style used in lhe document and the documentary style typical for that period; and , similarly, incongruities between some historical data contained in it, as compared to those obtained from reliable sources. ln conclusion, the author argues that the document at issues in fact a fake from the 19th century, the characleristics of which suggest a document forged for the purpose of land squatting
Enhancing Job Awareness Through Career Exploration Course – A Report
Authors: Ling Wong Ngan , Lau Kui-Ling Emily
Published: June 2022

In recent years, in developed countries such as the USA, Europe and Japan, ‘career search behaviour’ awareness and practice via university courses have been a keen focus. However, this is not the case in Malaysia, even worse is, university students do not think about it at all.  This career exploration course was introduced with the aim to raise undergraduate students’ awareness toward job searching before graduation. This was a 14-week career exploration introductory course with four main interventions; 1) to set your future career goal, conduct an interview with a graduated senior from the same faculty, who work in the industry you are interested in and then share with your course mate the interview results and what you have learned from the interview via oral presentation, 2) once the career goal is set,  learn the techniques of making career-related documents(e.g., resume writing), 3)do a self-examination on the knowledge and skills required in the job market and make a career searching action plan, 4) share and discuss your actual job search action plan via second oral presentation. Learning achievement is measured via continuous assessments and final written examination. Excerpts from the written examination revealed that students were more aware of the importance of conducting job searching activities before graduation and skills learned on career-related documents and writing the job search action plan have been useful to them.
Innovations in Governance for the Welfare State by Devising a Comprehensive Pension Model in the Indian Context
Authors: Chakrabarty Arindam , Singh Anil Kumar
Published: June 2022

A welfare state is committed to the holistic wellbeing of its citizens. These commitments can only be achieved when the state can establish good governance coupled with innovations throughout its administrative ecosystem. The provision of a defined pension has been earmarked as one of the key social security measures. The National Pension System has replaced the erstwhile General Provident Fund (GPF)-led pension in India, shifting from the socialist ideology to a market-driven model. The article suggests a self-reliant and sustainable Contributory Defined Pension System (CDPS) that would address all these concerns and can be extended to the government, PSUs and private sector.
Data Ethics, AI, and Accompaniment: The Dangers of Depersonalization in Catholic Health Care
Authors: Scherz Paul
Published: June 2022

Health-care systems use AI-driven data analytics to target high-cost patients for early interventions. Many ethicists see these programs as enacting a preferential option for the poor. Ethnographic studies, however, find that their data analytic framework emphasizes efficiency, cost containment, and constant evaluation of patients. Ongoing evaluation and surveillance can undermine other goals of Catholic health care like personal encounter and accompaniment. While targeted care programs can be implemented well, the use of AI in data analytics to serve the poor creates dangers of depersonalization.
“No time for nonsense!”: The organization of learning and its limits in evolving governance
Authors: Assche Kristof Van , Beunen Raoul , Verweij Stefan , Evans Joshua , Gruezmacher Monica
Published: June 2022

This essay introduces and frames the contributions to the special issue on learning and co-evolution in governance. It develops the argument that learning, dark learning and non-learning are necessarily entwined in governance, moreover, entwined in a pattern unique to each governance configuration and path. What can be learned collectively for the common good, what kind of knowledge and learning can be strategically used and shamelessly abused, and which forms of knowledge remain invisible, intentionally and unintentionally, emerges in a history of co-evolution of actors and institutions, power and knowledge, in governance. Learning becomes possible in a particular form of management of observation, of transparency and opacity, where contingency is precariously mastered by governance systems expected to provide certainty for communities.
Burdens Are Everybody’s Business: Examining the Intersection of Administrative Burdens, Motivation, and Entrepreneurial Culture
Authors: Johnson Donavon
Published: June 2022

Administrative burdens have consequences for entrepreneurial outcomes, and entrepreneurial outcomes have consequences for people’s quality of life. Public administrators should be concerned since they are the gatekeepers of democracy. Using data from 40 countries, this paper investigates the intersection between burdens and entrepreneurship by examining the relationship between burdens and entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurial culture. The extent to which this relationship is conditioned by entrepreneurial motivation is also explored. The findings indicate that burdens suppress entrepreneurial culture by reducing entrepreneurial activity. Further, entrepreneurial motivation can enable entrepreneurs to be more resilient against burdens.
Sign iconicity helps learning new words for abstract concepts in a foreign language
Authors: Rodríguez-Cuadrado Sara , Ojedo Fernando , Vicente-Conesa Francisco , Romero-Rivas Carlos , Sampedro Miguel Ángel Carlos , Santiago Julio
Published: June 2022

Several studies have explored the use of iconic gestures to improve the learning of foreign vocabulary. In this quest, words for abstract concepts have been largely neglected, under the assumption that abstract concepts have poor or non-existent sensory-motor representations. Yet, the Conceptual Metaphor Theory suggests that they are grounded on concrete concepts. Moreover, analyses of signed languages reveal ways in which signs can exploit metonymies and conceptual metaphors to iconically refer to abstract concepts. Here, we explore whether iconic signs from Spanish Sign Language (LSE) can facilitate the learning of foreign words for abstract concepts in hearing participants who do not know any sign language. In two studies, participants were presented with new labels for abstract and concrete concepts in an artificial language (Vimmi). The labels could be accompanied by either a video of an iconic or non-iconic sign taken from the existing vocabulary of LSE, or a static image of the signer. In study 1, participants did not have to enact the signs they were presented with, while in study 2 they did. Both studies showed that iconic signs facilitated the learning of abstract foreign vocabulary, regardless of enactment. The strategies that sign languages use to develop iconic signs for abstract concepts make those signs useful to assist the learning of foreign words by hearing non-signers.
The acquisition of L2 allophonic variants: The role of phonological distribution and lexical cues
Authors: Barrios Shannon L , Rodriguez Joselyn M , Barriuso Taylor Anne
Published: June 2022

Adult learners acquire second language (L2) allophones with experience. We examine two mechanisms which may support the acquisition of allophonic variants in second language acquisition. One of the mechanisms is based on the distribution of phones with respect to their phonological context (i.e. phonological distribution). The other is based on the role the phones play in contrasting words (i.e. lexical contrast). Experiment 1 established adult native English speakers’ baseline sensitivity to the novel [b]–[β] auditory contrast. In Experiment 2 we examined whether adult native English speakers infer the phonological status of [b] and [β] in an artificial language based only on their distributions to phonological contexts. We observed no evidence that these participants were able to do so. In Experiment 3 we investigated whether learners infer the phonological status of [b] and [β] from the role they play in lexical contrast and observed both perceptual and lexical processing evidence to suggest that adults may use meaning-based cues to the lack of contrast to learn that two phones are allophones of the same phoneme. Together our findings suggest that adult L2 learners may prioritize information about function (in this case, lexical contrast) over the phonological distribution of phones as they determine the phonological status of L2 sounds.
The changing fortunes and future prospects of a traditional industrial cluster: Woollen textile production in the Scottish Borders
Authors: Scott Allen J
Published: June 2022

I examine the development and current situation of the woollen knitwear and woven fabric industry in the Scottish Borders. The paper opens with a brief theoretical exposition of the logic and dynamics of industrial clusters. An overview of the consolidation of the industry as a multifaceted spatial cluster or agglomeration in the 19th century is presented. I then describe changes in the locational structure and productive capacities of the industry over the last several decades. I provide a diagnosis of the industry’s decline in recent years together with an assessment of relevant stocks of region-based resources and capabilities. I argue that the Scottish Borders region lacks many of the pooled competitive advantages typically found in successful clusters but that carefully modulated policy could do much to improve local economic performance in the future. A number of specific policy guidelines focussed on inter-industrial relations, labour markets and institutional infrastructures are examined.
‘Levelling up’ in post-Brexit United Kingdom: Economic realism or political opportunism?
Authors: Hudson Ray
Published: June 2022

Following the 2019 general election, the Prime Minister claimed that leaving the EU would enable him to ‘get Brexit done’ and introduce policies to “level up” inequalities in a post-EU UK. There still is, however, considerable uncertainty as to exactly what the government means by this, though it seemingly includes reducing differences in economic performance and opportunities between North and South in England, how it will achieve this goal and how ‘levelling up’ relates to the policy objective of restoring national economic growth, and with the added complication of also seeking a transition to a zero-carbon green economy and society. This ambition to ‘level up’ became even more challenging as COVID-19 both further revealed and reinforced existing deep socio-spatial inequalities. A more fundamental question is whether such an ambition is realisable within the context of a capitalist economy. Even so, despite the ambiguities and uncertainties surrounding it, ‘levelling up’’ is undoubtedly a politically important message, directed at those voters, newly converted to the Conservative vision and who caused the former ‘red wall’ of Labour support partially to crumble. Some of these constituencies had not returned a Conservative MP for decades, others had never before returned a Conservative to Parliament.
Turkish imams and their role in decision-making in palliative care: A Directed Content and Narrative analysis
Authors: Muishout George , Topcu Nuray , de la Croix Anne , Wiegers Gerard , van Laarhoven Hanneke WM
Published: June 2022

Background:

Muslims are the largest religious minority in Europe. When confronted with life-threatening illness, they turn to their local imams for religious guidance.

Aim:

To gain knowledge about how imams shape their roles in decision-making in palliative care.

Design:

Direct Content Analysis through a typology of imam roles. To explore motives, this was complemented by Narrative Analysis.

Setting/Participants:

Ten Turkish imams working in the Netherlands, with experience in guiding congregants in palliative care.

Results:

The roles of Jurist, Exegete, Missionary, Advisor and Ritual Guide were identified. Three narratives emerged: Hope can work miracles, Responsibility needs to be shared, and Mask your grief. Participants urged patients not to consent to withholding or terminating treatment but to search for a cure, since this might be rewarded with miraculous healing. When giving consent seemed unavoidable, the fear of being held responsible by God for wrongful death was often managed by requesting fatwa from committees of religious experts. Relatives were urged to hide their grief from dying patients so they would not lose hope in God.

Conclusion:

Imams urge patients’ relatives to show faith in God by seeking maximum treatment. This attitude is motivated by the fear that all Muslims involved will be held accountable by God for questioning His omnipotence to heal. Therefore, doctors may be urged to offer treatment that contradicts medical standards for good palliative care. To bridge this gap, tailor-made palliative care should be developed in collaboration with imams. Future research might include imams of other Muslim organizations.
Affective priming caused by musical chords on human facial expressions
Authors: Huziwara Edson Massayuki , Cedro Átila Moreira , Rodrigues Raone Mateus , de Oliveira Thaís Porlan , Bortoloti Renato , Jaeger Antônio
Published: June 2022

The emotional valence of a given stimulus is more quickly identified when such stimulus is preceded by another stimulus with a congruent valence (e.g., a positive word preceded by another positive word), a phenomenon termed affective priming. The present study investigated whether affective priming occurs when chords (consonant/dissonant, high/low pitch) are used as primes, and faces (happy or sad) are used as targets. Forty undergraduate students were submitted to 64 trials divided in eight experimental conditions with eight trials each. The eight experimental conditions were half congruent and half incongruent. The congruent combinations consisted of (a) consonant/high pitch—happy, (b) consonant/low pitch—happy, (c) dissonant/high pitch—sad, and (d) dissonant/low pitch—sad, while the incongruent combinations consisted of (e) dissonant/high pitch—happy, (f) dissonant/low pitch—happy, (g) consonant/high pitch—sad, and (h) consonant/low pitch—sad. Faster responses were found in the congruent condition when compared with the incongruent one, except when the high pitch—happy face combination was presented. These results partially replicate previous findings suggesting that the salience of the target stimuli can hinder the affective priming effect, which seems consistent with the happiness superiority effect literature.
How to Model the Effect of Gradient on Bicycle Traffic in Microscopic Traffic Simulation
Authors: Castro Guillermo Pérez , Johansson Fredrik , Olstam Johan
Published: June 2022

Microscopic traffic simulation is a useful tool for the planning of motorized traffic, yet bicycle traffic still lacks this type of modeling support. Nonetheless, certain microscopic traffic simulators, such as Vissim, model bicycle traffic by applying models originally designed for car traffic. The gradient of a bicycle path has a significant impact on the speed of cyclists; therefore, this impact should be captured in microscopic traffic simulation. We investigate two calibration approaches to reproduce the effect of gradient on the speed of cyclists using the default driver behavioral model in Vissim. The first approach is to modify the simulated gradient to represent different values of the gradient-acceleration parameter: a fixed value that represents a decrease in the maximum acceleration that cyclists can apply on an uphill. The second approach is to adjust the maximum-acceleration function. We evaluate both approaches by applying a Vissim model of a bidirectional bicycle path with a 3% gradient in Stockholm. The results show that the current default implementation in the Vissim model underestimates the effect of gradient on speed. Moreover, the gradient-acceleration parameter does not directly reduce the maximum acceleration of all cyclists, but only of those cyclists riding above a certain speed. We conclude that by using a higher gradient-acceleration value than the default, we accurately estimate the observed mean speed on the uphill. However, neither of the investigated calibration approaches provides accurate estimates of the speed distributions. We emphasize the need for developing more accurate behavioral models designed for cyclists.
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Binder Extraction and Recovery Evaluation and Their Effects on the Recycling Agent Assessment
Authors: Pinheiro Gustavo , Vasconcelos Kamilla , Bernucci Liedi
Published: June 2022

The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has proved to be an advantageous alternative for the restoration and construction of new roads, with regard to the economical and environmental performance of the recycled material. However, one of the concerns about the use of RAP in the production of new asphalt mixtures is related to its inherent variability, manifested mainly in the asphalt binder. Some procedures to recover the aged binder are commonly used, such as extraction with solvents and recovery applying distillation techniques. These methods might change the intrinsic properties of the asphalt binder (e.g., rheological and chemical characteristics), which may lead to flaws in the dose of the recycling agent. The present study evaluated the variability of the techniques of asphalt binder extraction-recovery from a RAP source, and its effects on the final assessment of binder blend between RAP binder and a softer binder for recycled hot mix asphalt. The results show that automated extraction provided statistically satisfactory values for determination of the RAP binder content. The recovery method conditions, however, were not efficient with regard to solvent removal for 40% of the analyzed RAP samples. Pearson’s coefficients indicated a weak correlation between RAP binder aging indices and its rheological behavior, probably because of the presence of solvent. Tetrachlorethylene (TCE) spectrum band at wavelengths of 903 to 915 cm−1 tends to affect binder stiffness more than wavelengths of 771 to 783 cm−1, underestimating high temperature continuous performance grade ([Formula: see text]) and consequently the binder blend results.
Numerical Simulations to Examine the Interaction of Train-Induced Guided Waves With Transverse Cracks
Authors: Kaynardag Korkut , Yang Chi , Salamone Salvatore
Published: June 2022

This paper presents the results of a numerical study aimed at investigating the propagation of guided waves generated by train wheels on rails. The particular application of interest is to exploit such waves for the identification of transverse cracks located in the rail head. The research presented is part of an ongoing project aimed at developing a non-contact damage detection system based on laser Doppler vibrometer measurements. In this study, numerical simulations were carried out using three rail models. The first two models consisted of a transverse crack whose size is 20% and 10% of the rail head cross-section (RHC), respectively. The third model consisted of the same crack size as the first model, but it was designed to be longer before and shorter after the location of the crack compared with the first model. The goal of this model was to examine the location where the effect of cracks on the waves first appeared. To acquire train-induced guided waves to use in the simulations, an accelerometer was placed under a rail head, and propagating waves were recorded during the passage of an operating train. Afterward, on each rail model, the location of excitation and two measurement points were shifted forward over the rail to replicate the movement of the defect detection system. Two damage functions were used to examine the change in wave propagation caused by cracks, while a multi-dimensional damage index consisting of the damage functions was used to identify the location of the crack (20% of RHC).