bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copper nanoparticles grafted on carbon microspheres as novel heterogeneous catalysts and their application for the reduction of nitrophenol and one-pot multicomponent synthesis of hexahydroquinolines
Authors: Pasinszki Tibor , Krebsz Melinda , Lajgut Győző György , Kocsis Tünde , Kótai László , Kauthale Sushama , Tekale Sunil , Pawar Rajendra
Published: December 2017

Carbon microsphere-supported Cu nanoparticles were fabricated, characterized, and applied for synthesis.
A joint experimental and theoretical study on the electro-optical properties of 1,6- and 1,7-fluorenyl disubstituted perylene diimide isomers
Authors: Kozma E. , Mróz W. , Andicsová Eckstein A. , Lukeš V. , Galeotti F. , Šišková A. , Danko M. , Catellani M.
Published: December 2017

The electronic and optical properties of fluorenyl functionalized perylene diimides are influenced by the substituent position on the perylene core.
Organoclays with carbosilane dendrimers containing ammonium or phosphonium groups
Authors: Müllerová Monika , Šabata Stanislav , Matoušek Jindřich , Kormunda Martin , Holubová Jana , Bálková Radka , Petričkovič Roman , Koštejn Martin , Kupčík Jaroslav , Fajgar Radek , Strašák Tomáš
Published: December 2017

New composite materials could reveal attractive capabilities and favourable properties.
TiS3 sheet based van der Waals heterostructures with a tunable Schottky barrier
Authors: Liu Jie , Guo Yaguang , Wang Fancy Qian , Wang Qian
Published: December 2017

First-principles calculations suggest that the TiS3 monolayer has the potential for device applications as a channel material contacting with graphene or other 2D metallic materials to form heterojunctions.
Probing sub-diffraction optical confinement via the polarized Raman spectroscopy of a single-walled carbon nanotube
Authors: Kim Yun-Tae , Min Hyegi , Lee Junghyun , Park Hyesung , Lee Chang Young
Published: December 2017

We demonstrate the polarized Raman spectroscopy of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) as a facile approach for probing sub-diffraction optical confinement.
The stiffness–thermal conduction relationship at the composite interface: the effect of particle alignment on the long-range confinement of polymer chains monitored by scanning thermal microscopy
Authors: Li Yifan , Mehra Nitin , Ji Tuo , Yang Xutong , Mu Liwen , Gu Junwei , Zhu Jiahua
Published: December 2017

The polymer/filler interface is usually considered a thermal barrier in composites due to the mismatch of the phonon frequency across the interface.
Elastostatic reversibility in thermally formed bulk metallic glasses: nanobeam diffraction fluctuation electron microscopy
Authors: Sarac B. , Gammer C. , Deng L. , Park E. , Yokoyama Y. , Stoica M. , Eckert J.
Published: December 2017

Mechanical and thermal property enhancementviaelastostatic loading investigated by a recently developed method termed nanobeam diffraction fluctuation electron microscopy.
Commensurability between protein nanotubes in contractile ejection nanomachines
Authors: Rochal Sergey B. , Roshal Daria S. , Myasnikova Anna E. , Lorman Vladimir L.
Published: December 2017

The commensurability found between the contracted sheath and the inner tube increases the efficiency of contractile ejection nanomachines.
Ratiometric photoluminescence sensing based on Ti3C2MXene quantum dots as an intracellular pH sensor
Authors: Chen Xu , Sun Xueke , Xu Wen , Pan Gencai , Zhou Donglei , Zhu Jinyang , Wang He , Bai Xue , Dong Biao , Song Hongwei
Published: December 2017

Surface-functionalized Ti3C2QDs exhibit bright excitation-dependent blue photoluminescence as a ratiometric pH sensor to quantitatively monitor intracellular pH values.
Functional reduced graphene oxide-based membranes with selective ion transport channels for zwitterionic ions separation based on the pH gradient
Authors: Wu Yu , Ji Hongyun , Yang Feng , Meng Yan , Wang Yujue , Dai Jianyuan , Ren Haisheng , Tan Guangqun , Xiao Dan
Published: December 2017

In this work, we report a method for the fabrication of a functional free-standing graphene membrane (FFGM) with high mechanical strength, enlarged interlayer spacing and ion channels for zwitterionic ions separation based on the inner pH gradient.
Exfoliation and dispersion of boron nitride nanosheets to enhance ordinary Portland cement paste
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Shu Jian , Basquiroto de Souza Felipe , Wu Bailin , Duan Wen Hui
Published: December 2017

Exfoliation and dispersion of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) is the key to achieving desired reinforcing effects for ordinary Portland cement (OPC).
Hierarchical self-assembly of zwitterionic dendrimer–anionic surfactant complexes into multiple stimuli-responsive dynamic nanotubes
Authors: Eghtesadi Seyed Ali , Kashfipour Marjan Alsadat , Sun Xinyu , Zhang Wei , Lillard Robert Scott , Cheng Stephen Z. D. , Liu Tianbo
Published: December 2017

Zwitterionic materials attract a wide range of attention due to their unique molecular structures and properties. We showed that they could be an effective tool to design well-ordered nanostructures with stimuli-responsive character through bottom-up approaches.
Pd-Catalyzed C–H aziridination of 3,3,5,5-tetrasubstituted piperazin-2-ones
Authors: Alanine Thomas A. , Stokes Stephen , Roberts Craig A. , Scott James. S.
Published: December 2017

Pd-Catalysed C–H aziridination of 3,3,5,5-tetrasubsituted piperazin-2-ones catalysed by succinic acid. The mechanistic role of the acid is investigated through kinetics experiments.
Synthesis of thieno[2,3-b]quinoline and selenopheno[2,3-b]quinoline derivativesviaiodocyclization reaction and a DFT mechanistic study
Authors: Sonawane Amol D. , Garud Dinesh R. , Udagawa Taro , Koketsu Mamoru
Published: December 2017

Thieno[2,3-b]quinoline and selenopheno[2,3-b]quinoline derivatives were synthesized by the regioselective iodocyclization reaction of 3-alkynyl-2-(methylthio)quinolines and 3-alkynyl-2-(methylseleno)quinolines.
Highly efficient asymmetric construction of novel indolines and tetrahydroquinoline derivatives via aza-Barbier/C–N coupling reaction
Authors: Guo Tao , Yuan Bin-Hua , Liu Wen-Jie
Published: December 2017

An efficient approach towards stereoselective synthesis of chiral indolines and tetrahydroquinolines via Zn-mediated allylation of chiral-N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines and intramolecular C–N cross-coupling is described.
The influence of the substituents of oxiranes on copolymerization with vinyl ethers via concurrent cationic vinyl-addition and ring-opening mechanisms
Authors: Miyamae Yurika , Kanazawa Arihiro , Tamaso Ken-ichi , Morino Kazuhide , Ogawa Ryo , Aoshima Sadahito
Published: December 2017

The effects of oxirane substituents on the cationic copolymerization with vinyl ethers are discussed in terms of the reactivities of monomers and propagating species.
New fluorescent through-space conjugated polymers: synthesis, optical properties and explosive detection
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Shen Pingchuan , He Bairong , Luo Wenwen , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2017

New through-space conjugated polymers based on a tetraphenylethene foldamer are explored and utilized in explosive detection in aqueous media.
Ethylene/propylene copolymerization catalyzed by half-titanocenes containing monodentate anionic nitrogen ligands: effect of ligands on catalytic behaviour and structure of copolymers
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Qian , Qu Jun-Teng , Zhang Shu , Miao Qiu-Ping , Wu Yi-Xian
Published: December 2017

Ethylene–propylene copolymers with high molecular weight, nearly random sequence distribution and high propylene content could be synthesized by a novel T6/TIBA/MMAO catalytic system.
Preparation of graphene/poly(2-acryloxyethyl ferrocenecarboxylate) nanocompositeviaa “grafting-onto” strategy
Authors: Jiang Xue , Deng Yan , Liu Wenbin , Li Yongjun , Huang Xiaoyu
Published: December 2017

This article reports the construction of GS-PAEFC nanohybrids with excellent dispersibility and redox-responsibilityviaATNRC chemistry.
Peculiar electronic, strong in-plane and out-of-plane second harmonic generation and piezoelectric properties of atom-thick α-M2X3 (M = Ga, In; X = S, Se): role of spontaneous electric dipole orientations
Authors: Hu Lei , Huang Xuri
Published: December 2017

Single- and few-layer α-M2X3 nanosheets exhibit out-of-plane SHG and piezoelectric properties, which can be tuned by switching spontaneous polarizations.
Fabrication and evaluation of Rb2Co(H2P2O7)2·2H2O/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposite coating for corrosion protection aspects
Authors: Deyab M. A. , Essehli R. , El Bali B. , Lachkar M.
Published: December 2017

Here we investigate the influence of new acidic pyrophosphate (Rb2Co(H2P2O7)2·2H2O) (DP) incorporation in waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) coatings on the corrosion protection efficiency of WBPU coatings for carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution.
Ligand steric effects on α-diimine nickel catalyzed ethylene and 1-hexene polymerization
Authors: Sun Jinlong , Wang Fuzhou , Li Weimin , Chen Min
Published: December 2017

α-Diimine nickel complexes with systematically varied ligand sterics were used as a precatalyst for ethylene and 1-hexene polymerizations. The catalytic activities, molecular weights and branching densities could be tuned over a very wide range.
The role of teacher questions in the chemistry classroom
Authors: Dohrn Sofie Weiss , Dohn Niels Bonderup
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate how a chemistry teacher's questions influence the classroom discourse. It presents a fine-grained analysis of the rich variety of one teacher's questions and the roles they play in an upper secondary chemistry classroom. The study identifies six different functions for the teacher's questions: Student Knowledge, Request, Monologic Discourse, Clarification, Relations and Interaction of Contexts. Overall, these questions create a safe and interactive learning environment. However, the questions are predominantly closed in form. As a result, the students become highly accomplished in recalling facts but have difficulties when higher order thinking is required. The findings suggest that an interactive classroom can be created by using many engaging teacher questions. The six different categories of questions promote the students’ learning process as it gives them authority and entitles them to speak and learn.
Enantiomeric resolution and X-ray optical activity of a tricobalt extended metal atom chain
Authors: Srinivasan Anandi , Cortijo Miguel , Bulicanu Vladimir , Naim Ahmad , Clérac Rodolphe , Sainctavit Philippe , Rogalev Andrei , Wilhelm Fabrice , Rosa Patrick , Hillard Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2017

Enantiopure single crystals of extended metal atom chains display exceptionally large optical X-ray dichroisms at the Co K-edge.
Synthesis of stable polymetalated aromatic complexes through metal–macrocycle capsule-triggered cyclization
Authors: He Xin , Xue Yang , Li Cui-Cui , Wang Yuechao , Jiang Hong , Zhao Liang
Published: December 2017

A dynamic coordination capsule derived from coordination-driven molecular folding of a flexible macrocyclic ligand was applied to trigger cyclization reactions and encapsulate unprecedented polysilver complexes of four different heteroaromatics.
Designing interactions by control of protein–ligand complex conformation: tuning arginine–arene interaction geometry for enhanced electrostatic protein–ligand interactions
Authors: Noresson A.-L. , Aurelius O. , Öberg C. T. , Engström O. , Sundin A. P. , Håkansson M. , Stenström O. , Akke M. , Logan D. T. , Leffler H. , Nilsson U. J.
Published: December 2017

3-Benzamido-2-O-sulfo-galactosides can be designed to control protein conformation into forming entropically favourable galectin-3-arginine salt bridges with ligand sulfates.
Thermo-responsive gels based on supramolecular assembly of an amidoamine and citric acid
Authors: Hao Li , Yegin Cengiz , Talari Jyothsna Varsha , Oh Jun Kyun , Zhang Ming , Sari Mufrettin Murat , Zhang Luhong , Min Younjin , Akbulut Mustafa , Jiang, Bin
Published: December 2017

In this work, we report the formation of a novel, aqueous-based thermo-responsive, supramolecular gelling system prepared by a convenient and efficient self-assembly of a long-chain amino-amide and citric acid.
Augmenting static and dynamic mechanical strength of carbon nanotube/epoxy soft nanocomposites via modulation of purification and functionalization routes
Authors: Billing Beant Kaur , Dhar Purbarun , Singh Narinder , Agnihotri Prabhat K.
Published: December 2017

Optimization of a carbon nanotube functionalization route to harness the properties of CNTs in CNT/epoxy nanocomposites.
Translational and rotational dynamics in dense suspensions of smooth and rough colloids
Authors: Hsiao Lilian C. , Saha-Dalal Indranil , Larson Ronald G. , Solomon Michael J.
Published: December 2017

We demonstrate that colloidal particles with surface roughness exhibit hindered rotational diffusion in quiescent dense suspensions.
Viscoelastic behaviour and relaxation modes of one polyamic acid organogel studied by rheometers and dynamic light scattering
Authors: Zhang Ensong , Zhao Yong , Yang Wenke , Chen Hongxiang , Liu Wei , Dai Xuemin , Qiu Xuepeng , Ji Xiangling
Published: December 2017

A novel polyamic acid (PAA from BAPMPO-BPDA) organogel was synthesized and characterizedviadynamic light scattering (DLS), a classical rheometer, and diffusion wave spectroscopy (DWS).
A highly ordered multi-layered hydrogenated TiO2-II phase nanowire array negative electrode for 2.4 V aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy density and long cycle life
Authors: Tang Yongfu , Li Yanshuai , Guo Wenfeng , Wang Jing , Li Xiaomei , Chen Shunji , Mu Shichun , Zhao Yufeng , Gao Faming
Published: December 2017

A highly ordered binderfree multi-layered hydrogenated TiO2-II phase nanowire array (ML-HTO) negative electrode for 2.4 V aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors with high active materials loading, high electrical and ionic conductivity is synthesized via a multi-step method.
Development of tailored SPION-PNIPAM nanoparticles by ATRP for dually responsive doxorubicin delivery and MR imaging
Authors: Yar Yasemin , Khodadust Rouhollah , Akkoc Yunus , Utkur Mustafa , Saritas Emine Ulku , Gozuacik Devrim , Yagci Acar Havva
Published: December 2017

Smart theranostic SPION-NIPAM produced in small sizes show high drug loading capacity and pH/temperature-sensitive release which is also influenced by PNIPAM molecular weight.
Macrophage responses to the physical burden of cell-sized particles
Authors: Yue Hua , Yuan Lan , Zhang Weiwei , Zhang Shujia , Wei Wei , Ma Guanghui
Published: December 2017

The role of physical burden on macrophage functions was revealed by exploiting an “intake method” and uniform autofluorescent cell-sized particles.
Monitoring the release of a NO photodonor from polymer nanoparticles via Förster resonance energy transfer and two-photon fluorescence imaging
Authors: Conte Claudia , Fraix Aurore , Thomsen Hanna , Ungaro Francesca , Cardile Venera , Graziano Adriana C. E. , Ericson Marica B. , Quaglia Fabiana , Sortino Salvatore
Published: December 2017

Polymer nanoparticles entrapping a NO photodonor are designed to monitor its release in human skin samples through two-photon fluorescence imaging.
Chemical heterogeneity and approaches to its control in BiFeO3–BaTiO3 lead-free ferroelectrics
Authors: Calisir Ilkan , Hall David A.
Published: December 2017

The formation of core–shell microstructures and ferroelectric switching behaviour in BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics are controlled via dopant incorporation strategies and thermal quenching procedures.
Architecting pyrediyne nanowalls with improved inter-molecular interactions, electronic features and transport characteristics
Authors: Prabakaran Palani , Satapathy Sitakanta , Prasad Edamana , Sankararaman Sethuraman
Published: December 2017

Highly stabilized molecular interactions and bulk transport characteristics are achieved through the synthesis of an ultrathin 2D nanowall network of pyrediyne.
AIE-active smart cyanostyrene luminogens: polymorphism-dependent multicolor mechanochromism
Authors: Yang Wei , Liu Chunlin , Lu Shuang , Du Jinya , Gao Qingyun , Zhang Ronghua , Liu Yi , Yang Changying
Published: December 2017

Multicolor-changing mechanochromic characteristics of AIE cyanostyrene luminogens were ascribed to diverse molecular packing modes.
Longitudinal Associations Across Prematurity, Attention, and Language in School-Age Children
Authors: Mahurin-Smith Jamie , DeThorne Laura S. , Petrill Stephen A.
Published: December 2017

Purpose

This research note explores the potential role of attention in mediating previously reported associations between language outcomes and prematurity.

Method

As a follow-up investigation to Mahurin Smith, DeThorne, Logan, Channell, and Petrill (2014), we employed multilevel modeling to analyze longitudinal data on language and attention collected when children were, on average, ages of 7, 8, and 10 years. The sample of 114 children taken from the Western Reserve Reading and Math Project was selected to oversample children with a history of prematurity while also controlling for differences in confounding influences such as age, gender, parental education, and race.

Results

As predicted, attention differentially predicted language outcomes based on form of measurement. Specifically, parent and examiner ratings of attention were significantly associated with standardized test performance at all 3 time points (
R
2
= 15.2%–20%). Associations between attention and language sample measures were less consistent across home visits and tended to be smaller in effect size.

Conclusion

Attention abilities are associated with children's language performance even in the absence of an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis. Clinical implications, particularly as related to assessment, are discussed.
Magnitude of Neck-Surface Vibration as an Estimate of Subglottal Pressure During Modulations of Vocal Effort and Intensity in Healthy Speakers
Authors: McKenna Victoria S. , Llico Andres F. , Mehta Daryush D. , Perkell Joseph S. , Stepp Cara E.
Published: December 2017

Purpose

This study examined the relationship between the magnitude of neck-surface vibration (NSV
Mag
; transduced with an accelerometer) and intraoral estimates of subglottal pressure (P′
sg
) during variations in vocal effort at 3 intensity levels.

Method

Twelve vocally healthy adults produced strings of /pɑ/ syllables in 3 vocal intensity conditions, while increasing vocal effort during each condition. Measures were made of P′
sg
(estimated during stop-consonant closure), NSV
Mag
(measured during the following vowel), sound pressure level, and respiratory kinematics. Mixed linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between NSV
Mag
and P′
sg
with respect to total lung volume excursion, levels of lung volume initiation and termination, airflow, laryngeal resistance, and vocal efficiency across intensity conditions.

Results

NSV
Mag
was significantly related to P′
sg
(
p
< .001), and there was a significant, although small, interaction between NSV
Mag
and intensity condition. Total lung excursion was the only additional variable contributing to predicting the NSV
Mag
–P′
sg
relationship.

Conclusions

NSV
Mag
closely reflects P′
sg
during variations of vocal effort; however, the relationship changes across different intensities in some individuals. Future research should explore additional NSV-based measures (e.g., glottal airflow features) to improve estimation accuracy during voice production.
Local growth of dust- and ice-mixed aggregates as cometary building blocks in the solar nebula
Authors: Lorek S. , Lacerda P. , Blum J.
Published: December 2017

Context.Comet formation by gravitational instability requires aggregates that trigger the streaming instability and cluster in pebble-clouds. These aggregates form as mixtures of dust and ice from (sub-)micrometre-sized dust and ice grains via coagulation in the solar nebula.

Aim.We investigate the growth of aggregates from (sub-)micrometre-sized dust and ice monomer grains. We are interested in the properties of these aggregates: whether they might trigger the streaming instability, how they compare to pebbles found on comets, and what the implications are for comet formation in collapsing pebble-clouds.

Methods.We used Monte Carlo simulations to study the growth of aggregates through coagulation locally in the comet-forming region at 30 au. We used a collision model that can accommodate sticking, bouncing, fragmentation, and porosity of dust- and ice-mixed aggregates. We compared our results to measurements of pebbles on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

Results.We find that aggregate growth becomes limited by radial drift towards the Sun for 1μm sized monomers and by bouncing collisions for 0.1μm sized monomers before the aggregates reach a Stokes number that would trigger the streaming instability (Stmin). We argue that in a bouncing-dominated system, aggregates can reach Stminthrough compression in bouncing collisions if compression is faster than radial drift. In the comet-forming region (~30 au), aggregates with Stminhave volume-filling factors of ~10−2and radii of a few millimetres. These sizes are comparable to the sizes of pebbles found on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The porosity of the aggregates formed in the solar nebula would imply that comets formed in pebble-clouds with masses equivalent to planetesimals of the order of 100 km in diameter.
Biobanques : quelles reconfigurations pour le vivant ? Approches interdisciplinaires
Authors: Milanovic Fabien , Merleau-Ponty Noémie , Pitrou Perig
Published: December 2017

Dans le cadre des activités de la pépinière interdisciplinaire CNRS-PSL « Domestication et fabrication du vivant », le colloque international « Biobanques : quelles reconfigurations pour le vivant ? » a été organisé pour engager une réflexion collective autour des biobanques. En réunissant des chercheurs provenant des sciences de la vie (biologie, médecine) et des sciences humaines et sociales (anthropologie, sociologie), l'objectif était de se pencher sur la diversité des opérations de transformation du vivant que ces nouvelles institutions produisent dans le domaine médical, comme dans les pratiques impliquant des animaux, des végétaux ou des microorganismes.
Aufbau eines GMP-Radionuklidlabors
Authors: Gildehaus Franz
Published: December 2017

Mit der Änderung des Arzneimittelgesetzes 2009 erfolgte eine Neubewertung der Herstellung von Radiopharmaka. Seitdem unterliegt ihre Herstellung grundsätzlich dem Arzneimittelgesetz, wobei dies nicht nur für nicht-zugelassene Radiopharmaka gilt, sondern ebenso für die Herstellung von Tc-Kits aus zugelassenen Mo/Tc-Generatoren mithilfe von zugelassenen Markierungskits. Die für die Herstellung verantwortliche Person muss laut § 13 (1) entweder eine sachkundige Person sein, oder nach § 13 (2b) ein Arzt, der auch persönlich die Anwendung bei einem bestimmten Patienten vornimmt. Die Herstellung und Qualitätskontrolle von Arzneimitteln selbst unterliegt einer Reihe von Gesetzen, Verordnungen, Leitlinien und EU-Richtlinien, die aber oft nicht eindeutig oder nur eingeschränkt auf Radiopharmaka anwendbar sind. Leider erfolgt die Auslegung dieser Regelungen durch die lokalen Überwachungsbehörden innerhalb Deutschlands sehr uneinheitlich. Einer der Gründe dafür ist sicherlich die unterschiedliche Ausstattung der einzelnen Kliniken und Praxen in den verschiedenen Bundesländern. Aus Gründen einer flächendeckenden Patientenversorgung werden noch viele veraltete Einrichtungen geduldet, aber meist zieht eine Modernisierung der Räumlichkeiten auch die Anpassung der Arbeitsweise, Dokumentation und Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen an die bestehenden rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen nach sich. Hierzu müssen sich die Betreiber mit den heute gültigen GMP-Anforderungen auseinandersetzen, die mit ihren vielfältigen Themen wie der baulichen Konzeption, einer personellen Weiterentwicklung, den Bedingungen einer aseptischen Arbeitsweise, der Prozessvalidierung und den Freigabekriterien für Parenteralia hohe Anforderungen stellt. Alle diese Punkte sollten dabei schon im Vorfeld mit den Fachleuten der zuständigen Überwachungsbehörde diskutiert werden, um risikobasiert die notwendigen Maßnahmen abzuschätzen. Dennoch muss eine weitgehende nationale Harmonisierung der Radiopharmaka-Herstellung und die Spezifizierung der gesetzlichen Anforderungen ein vorrangiges Ziel sein, da z. B. PET-Radiopharmaka heute zum Repertoire der modernen Nuklearmedizin gehören, auch wenn der Zugang zu innovativen Tracern für den niedergelassenen Nuklearmediziner in mehrfacher Hinsicht außerordentlich eingeschränkt ist. Die Verfügbarkeit wurde mit dem Inkrafttreten der 15. Novelle des AMG neu geregelt. Durch den Wegfall des ehemaligen § 4a Satz 1 Nr. 3 fallen Herstellung und Anwendung dieser Präparationen nun unter den Geltungsbereich des AMG und die damit verbundenen Tätigkeiten sind nach § 67 Abs. 2 bei der zuständigen Genehmigungsbehörde anzeigepflichtig. Aus der geschilderten Situation ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, über Möglichkeiten der Eigenherstellung von Radiopharmaka unter GMP-Bedingungen auch in kleineren klinischen Einrichtungen nachzudenken.
„Ich bin hier nur der Fotograf, oder?“ – Untersuchungsbefunde in der Nuklearmedizin richtig kommunizieren
Authors: Karger André , Stoevesandt Dietrich
Published: December 2017

Das Überbringen schlechter Nachrichten zählt zu den häufigsten und herausforderndsten Gesprächssituationen für Arzt und Patient. Erfolgt die Mitteilung schlechter Nachrichten im Rahmen eines Behandlungsverhältnisses, sollten die Erwartungen und Befürchtungen des Patienten berücksichtigt, notwendige Informationen einfach und kurz mitgeteilt werden und die emotionalen Reaktionen der Patienten empathisch beantwortet werden. Orientierung für diese unterschiedlichen kommunikativen Fertigkeiten bietet das SPIKES-Modell. Besteht kein primäres Behandlungsverhältnis, sondern werden Befunde zu rein diagnostischen Zwecken im Auftrag eines zuweisenden Arztes erhoben, gilt es, mit dem Patienten zu Beginn zu besprechen, wie mit der Befundmitteilung umzugehen ist. Grundsätzlich sollte der Patient die Möglichkeit zu einem Befundgespräch mit dem diagnostisch tätigen Arzt haben. Allerdings ist es oft zum Wohle des Patienten am sinnvollsten, wenn die Befundmitteilung durch den primär behandelnden Arzt erfolgt. Hierfür sollten klare Absprachen bestehen.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health in Primary Aldosteronism: A Systematic Review
Authors: Velema Marieke , de Nooijer Aline , Burgers Vivian , Hermus Ad. , Timmers Henri , Lenders Jacques , Husson Olga , Deinum Jaap
Published: December 2017

The aim of this review was to determine the impact of primary aldosteronism on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health. We performed a systematic literature search up to July 2017 in six electronic databases. First, we screened the articles derived from this search based on title and abstract. Second, the selected studies were systematically reviewed and checked for our predefined inclusion criteria. The search yielded 753 articles, of which 15 studies met our inclusion criteria. Untreated patients with primary aldosteronism showed an impaired physical and mental HRQoL as compared to the general population. Multiple domains of HRQoL were affected. This applied to patients with both an aldosterone-producing adenoma and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Adrenalectomy improves HRQoL. Conflicting results have been reported on the extent of this improvement, the improvement after initiation of medical treatment, and whether there is a difference in HRQoL after both treatments. Similarly, psychopathological symptoms of anxiety, demoralization, stress, depression and nervousness were more frequently reported in untreated patients with primary aldosteronism than in the general population and patients with hypertension. Also an impaired sleep quality has been reported. Improvement of these symptoms was observed after treatment with both adrenalectomy and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. This review shows that HRQoL is impaired and psychopathology is more frequently reported in patients with primary aldosteronism. This seems to be at least partly reversible after treatment but the extent of improvement remains unknown. To assess HRQoL in these patients more precisely a primary aldosteronism-specific HRQoL questionnaire is required.
Glycyrrhetic Acid Derivative TY501 Protects Against Lithocholic Acid–Induced Cholestasis
Authors: Zheng Xuemin , Zhu Shichao , Zhou Zhixing , Liu Wei , Xu Weiren
Published: December 2017

The aim of the study is to investigate the protective effects of TY501 against LCA-induced cholestasis in mice and to explore the potential mechanisms. It was demonstrated that TY501(5, 15 or 45 mg/kg, i.g.) can markedly reduced the level of ALT, AST and ALP which increased by LCA treatment. Meanwhile, TY501 also lowered total bile acids, total bilirubin and total cholesterol levels in serum. Furthermore, TY501 can protect HepG2 cell cultures from LCA-induced cytotoxicity. RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis showed that TY501 recovered the expression of BSEP, MRP2 and NTCP which were down-regulated by LCA. Moreover, mRNA and protein of FXR was also observed in TY501 treated mice significantly accumulation in nucleus. Taken together, It can be concluded that TY501 exerted beneficial effects on LCA-induced cholestasis, possibly via activation of FXR mediated upregulation of BSEP, MRP2 and NTCP.
Disordered CYP11B2 Expression in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Gomez-Sanchez Celso , Kuppusamy Maniselvan , Reincke Martin , Williams Tracy
Published: December 2017

Primary aldosteronism is the most common type of secondary hypertension affecting 6–10% of patients with primary hypertension. PA is mainly caused by unilateral hyperaldosteronism due to an aldosterone-producing adenoma, unilateral hyperplasia with or without micronodules or bilateral zona glomerulosa hyperplasias with or without macro or micronodules. The development of antibodies against the terminal enzyme of aldosterone biosynthesis (CYP11B2) has permitted the further characterization of normal adrenals and resected adrenals from patients with primary aldosteronism. Normal adrenals exhibit two different patterns of cellular expression of CYP11B2: young individuals display a relatively uniform expression of the enzyme throughout the zona glomerulosa while the adrenals of older individuals have dispersed CYP11B2-expressing cells but have more groups of cells called aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCC). APAs exhibit different patterns of CYP11B2 staining that vary from uniform to homogeneous. There are also a proportion of cells within the APA that co-express different enzymes that are not normally co-expressed in normal individuals. Approximately 30% of patients with unilateral hyperaldosteronism do not have an APA, but either have an increased number of CYP11B2 expressing micronodules or hyperplasia of the zona glomerulosa. In summary, the studies reported in this review are shedding new light on the pathophysiology of primary aldosteronism. The wide variation in histopathological features of the adenomas and concurrent presence of APCCs raises the possibility that most cases of unilateral production of aldosterone actually might represent bilateral asymmetric hyperplasia with nodules frequently due to the development of somatic aldosterone-driving mutations.
„Bildungskiste“ der Koop Phyto erhält UN-Preis
Authors: Steinhoff Barbara
Published: December 2017

Die Auszeichnung zum UN-Dekade-Projekt findet im Rahmen der Aktivitäten zur UN-Dekade Biologische Vielfalt statt, die von den Vereinten Nationen für den Zeitraum von 2011 bis 2020 ausgerufen wurde. Ziel der internationalen Dekade ist es, den weltweiten Rückgang der biologischen Vielfalt aufzuhalten. Dazu strebt die deutsche UN-Dekade eine Förderung des gesellschaftlichen Bewusstseins in Deutschland an. Die Auszeichnung nachahmenswerter Projekte soll dazu beitragen und die Menschen zum Mitmachen bewegen.
Aldosterone-Producing Cell Clusters in Normal and Pathological States
Authors: Omata Kei , Tomlins Scott , Rainey William
Published: December 2017

Primary aldosteronism (PA) significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications, and early diagnosis and targeted treatment based on its pathophysiology is warranted. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revealed recurrent somatic mutations in aldosterone-driving genes in aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). By applying CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) immunohistochemistry and NGS to adrenal glands from normal subjects and PA patients, we and others have shown that CYP11B2-positive cells make small clusters, termed aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCC), beneath the adrenal capsule, and that APCC harbor somatic mutations in genes mutated in APA. We have shown that APCC are increased in CT-negative PA adrenals, while others showed potential progression from APCC to micro APA through mutations. These results suggest that APCC are a key factor for understanding the origin of PA, and further investigation on the relation between APCC and PA is highly needed.
Kommunikation zwischen Apothekern und Ärzten bei potenziell schweren Arzneimittelinteraktionen
Authors: Pulst Alexandra , Justus Isabel , Schmiemann Guido
Published: December 2017

Hintergrund Potenziell schwere Arzneimittelinteraktionen werden häufig durch Apotheker entdeckt. In solchen Fällen ist eine schnelle Kommunikation mit dem verschreibenden Arzt notwendig. Aufgrund der schwierigen telefonischen Erreichbarkeit wurde in einem vorausgegangenen Projekt eine Faxvorlage zur Meldung potenziell schwerer Arzneimittelinteraktionen entwickelt. In dieser Beobachtungsstudie wurden Häufigkeit und Art der gemeldeten Interaktionen evaluiert.

Methoden Die Faxvorlage wurde Hausärzten und Apothekern im Bundesland Bremen vorgestellt. Die Schwere der Interaktionen wurde anhand der ABDA-Klassifikation (von 1: „schwerwiegende Folgen wahrscheinlich – kontraindiziert“ bis 8: „keine weiteren Maßnahmen erforderlich“) bestimmt. Teilnehmende Apotheker wurden gebeten, ein anonymisiertes Duplikat jeder Faxvorlage zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die interagierenden Arzneimittel, die Schweregrade der Interaktionen, Empfehlungen der Apotheker und die Rückantwort der Ärzte wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse 123 Faxe von 23 teilnehmenden Apotheken (1 – 25 Faxe/Apotheke) wurden ausgewertet. Bei 108 von 123 wurde eine Interaktion unterschiedlichen Schweregrades nach ABDA gemeldet. In den übrigen Fällen konnte der Schweregrad nicht ermittelt werden (n = 7) oder es handelte sich um eine Doppelmedikation (n = 8). Eine Rückantwort des Arztes war bei 69,4 % (n = 75) vorhanden. In Anlehnung an die Empfehlung der Apotheke wurde von den Ärzten ein alternatives Medikament verschrieben, die Medikation vorläufig/dauerhaft abgesetzt oder eine engmaschige Überwachung angeordnet (n = 23). Weiterhin wurde eine andere Therapieoption gewählt (n = 15) oder das Problem als bekannt eingestuft und die Verordnung beibehalten (31,5 %, n = 34). Eine Rücksprache mit dem Patienten wurde kaum angestrebt (n = 3).

Diskussion Die Faxvorlage scheint bei Apothekern ein akzeptiertes Instrument zur Meldung potenziell schwerer Arzneimittelinteraktionen zu sein. Es kann mit wenig Aufwand zu einer Verbesserung der Arzneimitteltherapie beitragen. Entgegen der Intention meldeten Apotheker auch weniger schwere Arzneimittelinteraktionen. Hier ist auf das Risiko von zu vielen Warnhinweisen („over-alerting“) hinzuweisen, die zu einer unbeabsichtigten Vernachlässigung von ernsten Fällen führen können.
VISAR signal analysis with an emphasis on ellipse fitting
Authors: Sur Amit , Joshi K. D. , Sharma Archana , Kaushik T. C.
Published: December 2017

A method based on ellipse fitting for analysis of VISAR (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector) signals has been described. The errors introduced on the free surface velocity history due to common measurement imperfections in the amplitude and phase angle of the VISAR signal has been investigated and a remedy to mitigate this using a proper ellipse fitting technique has been presented. Performance comparison among various ellipse fitting techniques based on empirical evidence is carried out, and the geometric fitting technique of the Gauss Newton algorithm with initial conditions from the Bookstein algebraic fitting method is proposed. The new method provides better result in terms of accuracy than existing techniques. The method is especially useful when a fractional fringe signal is present which is quite common in VISAR based measurements. The applicability of the ellipse fitting technique is first theoretically justified, and then numerical simulation of ellipse fitting is carried out. Finally, the proposed method is validated by applying it for the analysis of VISAR signals recorded in the shock wave experiment conducted on the Al-2024T4 target material. The results of present analysis display a good agreement with the data available from other sources.
Fibonacci-Lucas SIC-POVMs
Authors: Grassl Markus , Scott Andrew J.
Published: December 2017

We present a conjectured family of symmetric informationally complete positive operator valued measures which have an additional symmetry group whose size is growing with the dimension. The symmetry group is related to Fibonacci numbers, while the dimension is related to Lucas numbers. The conjecture is supported by exact solutions for dimensions d = 4, 8, 19, 48, 124, and 323 as well as a numerical solution for dimension d = 844.
High-speed and low-distortion solution for time-correlated single photon counting measurements: A theoretical analysis
Authors: Cominelli A. , Acconcia G. , Peronio P. , Ghioni M. , Rech I.
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we describe a novel solution to increase the speed of Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) measurements by almost an order of magnitude while providing, in principle, zero distortion regardless of the experimental conditions. Typically, the relatively long dead time associated with the conversion electronics requires a proper tune of the excitation power in order to avoid distortions of the reconstructed waveform due to pileup and counting loss. As a result, the maximum operating rate of a TCSPC channel is now limited between 1% and 5% of the excitation frequency, thus leading to relatively long acquisition times. We show that negligible distortion (below 1%) is guaranteed if the dead time associated with the converter is kept below the dead time of the detector, and at the same time the detector dead time is matched to the duration of the excitation period. In this way, unprecedented high-speed operation is possible. In this paper, we provide a theoretical analysis of the technique, including the main non-idealities which are introduced by a generic physical implementation. The results are supported by both numerical simulations and analytical calculations.
Dynamic analysis of reactive oxygen nitrogen species in plasma-activated culture medium by UV absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Brubaker Timothy R. , Ishikawa Kenji , Takeda Keigo , Oh Jun-Seok , Kondo Hiroki , Hashizume Hiroshi , Tanaka Hiromasa , Knecht Sean D. , Bilén Sven G. , Hori Masaru
Published: December 2017

The liquid-phase chemical kinetics of a cell culture basal medium during treatment by an argon-fed, non-equilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasma source were investigated using real-time ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric assays. Depth- and time-resolved NO2− and NO3− concentrations were strongly inhomogeneous and primarily driven by convection during and after plasma–liquid interactions. H2O2 concentrations determined from deconvolved optical depth spectra were found to compensate for the optical depth spectra of excluded reactive species and changes in dissolved gas content. Plasma-activated media remained weakly basic due to NaHCO3 buffering, preventing the H+-catalyzed decomposition of NO2− seen in acidic plasma-activated water. An initial increase in pH may indicate CO2 sparging. Furthermore, the pH-dependency of UV optical depth spectra illustrated the need for pH compensation in the fitting of optical depth data.
Properties of ion temperature gradient and trapped electron modes in tokamak plasmas with inverted density profiles
Authors: Du Huarong , Jhang Hogun , Hahm T. S. , Dong J. Q. , Wang Z. X.
Published: December 2017

We perform a numerical study of linear stability of the ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode and the trapped electron mode (TEM) in tokamak plasmas with inverted density profiles. A local gyrokinetic integral equation is applied for this study. From comprehensive parametric scans, we obtain stability diagrams for ITG modes and TEMs in terms of density and temperature gradient scale lengths. The results show that, for the inverted density profile, there exists a normalized threshold temperature gradient above which the ITG mode and the TEM are either separately or simultaneously unstable. The instability threshold of the TEM for the inverted density profile is substantially different from that for normal and flat density profiles. In addition, deviations are found on the ITG threshold from an early analytic theory in sheared slab geometry with the adiabatic electron response [T. S. Hahm and W. M. Tang, Phys. Fluids B 1, 1185 (1989)]. A possible implication of this work on particle transport in pellet fueled tokamak plasmas is discussed.
Inkjet printing of metal-oxide-based transparent thin-film capacitors
Authors: Matavž A. , Malič B. , Bobnar V.
Published: December 2017

We report on the inkjet printing of transparent, thin-film capacitors (TTFCs) composed of indium-zinc-oxide electrodes and a tantalum-oxide-based dielectric on glass substrates. The printing parameters were adapted for the sequential deposition of functional layers, resulting in approximately 100-nm-thick transparent capacitors with a uniform thickness. The relatively high electrical resistivity of the electrodes is reflected in the frequency dispersive dielectric behaviour, which is explained in terms of an equivalent circuit. The resistivity of the electrode strongly decreases with the number of printing passes; consequently, any misalignment of the printed layers is detected in the measured response. At low frequency, the TTFCs show a stable intrinsic dielectric response and a high capacitance density of ∼280 nF/cm2. The good dielectric performance as well as the low leakage-current density (8 × 10–7 A/cm2 at 1 MV cm–1) of our capacitors indicates that inkjet printing can be used to produce all-printed, high-quality electrical devices.
Finite temperature dynamics of a Holstein polaron: The thermo-field dynamics approach
Authors: Chen Lipeng , Zhao Yang
Published: December 2017

Combining the multiple Davydov D2 Ansatz with the method of thermo-field dynamics, we study finite temperature dynamics of a Holstein polaron on a lattice. It has been demonstrated, using the hierarchy equations of motion method as a benchmark, that our approach provides an efficient, robust description of finite temperature dynamics of the Holstein polaron in the simultaneous presence of diagonal and off-diagonal exciton-phonon coupling. The method of thermo-field dynamics handles temperature effects in the Hilbert space with key numerical advantages over other treatments of finite-temperature dynamics based on quantum master equations in the Liouville space or wave function propagation with Monte Carlo importance sampling. While for weak to moderate diagonal coupling temperature increases inhibit polaron mobility, it is found that off-diagonal coupling induces phonon-assisted transport that dominates at high temperatures. Results on the mean square displacements show that band-like transport features dominate the diagonal coupling cases, and there exists a crossover from band-like to hopping transport with increasing temperature when including off-diagonal coupling. As a proof of concept, our theory provides a unified treatment of coherent and incoherent transport in molecular crystals and is applicable to any temperature.
Optically transparent solid electrodes for precision Penning traps
Authors: Wiesel M. , Birkl G. , Ebrahimi M. S. , Martin A. , Quint W. , Stallkamp N. , Vogel M.
Published: December 2017

We have conceived, built, and operated a cryogenic Penning trap with an electrically conducting yet optically transparent solid electrode. The trap, dedicated to spectroscopy and imaging of confined particles under large solid angles, is of “half-open” design with one open endcap and one closed endcap that mainly consists of a glass window coated with a highly transparent conductive layer. This arrangement allows for the trapping of externally or internally produced particles and yields flexible access for optical excitation and efficient light collection from the trapping region. At the same time, it is electrically closed and ensures long-term ion confinement under well-defined conditions. With its superior surface quality and its high as well as homogeneous optical transmission, the window electrode is an excellent replacement for partially transmissive electrodes that use holes, slits, metallic meshes, and the like.
Laser damage of free-standing nanometer membranes
Authors: Morimoto Yuya , Roland Iännis , Rennesson Stéphanie , Semond Fabrice , Boucaud Philippe , Baum Peter
Published: December 2017

Many high-field/attosecond and ultrafast electron diffraction/microscopy experiments on condensed matter require samples in the form of free-standing membranes with nanometer thickness. Here, we report the measurement of the laser-induced damage threshold of 11 different free-standing nanometer-thin membranes of metallic, semiconducting, and insulating materials for 1-ps, 1030-nm laser pulses at 50 kHz repetition rate. We find a laser damage threshold that is very similar to each corresponding bulk material. The measurements also reveal a band gap dependence of the damage threshold as a consequence of different ionization rates. These results establish the suitability of free-standing nanometer membranes for high-field pump-probe experiments.
Effects of Mn dopant locations on the electronic bandgap of PbS quantum dots
Authors: Yost Andrew J. , Pimachev Artem , Rimal Gaurab , Tang Jinke , Dahnovsky Yuri , Chien TeYu
Published: December 2017

Dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) are typically made by doping semiconductors with magnetic transition metal elements. Compared to the well-understood bulk and thin film DMS, the understanding of the magnetic element doping effects in semiconducting quantum dots (QDs) is relatively poor. In particular, the influence of the dopant locations is rarely explored. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the effects of Mn doping on the electronic density of states of PbS QDs. Based on the results observed by scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron paramagnetic resonance, and density functional theory calculations, it is found that the Mn doping causes a broadening of the electronic bandgap in the PbS QDs. The sp-d hybridization between the PbS host material and Mn dopants is argued to be responsible for the bandgap broadening. Moreover, the locations of the Mn dopants, i.e., on the surface or inside the QDs, have been found to play an important role in the strength of the sp-d hybridization, which manifests as different degrees of the bandgap change.
Tailoring of magnetic softness and GMI effect in Fe-rich thin magnetic wires
Authors: Zhukova V. , Corte-León P. , Ipatov M. , Talaat A. , Blanco J. M. , Olivera J. , Gonzalez J. , Zhukov A.
Published: December 2017

We present comparative studies of magnetic properties and giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect of Fe and Co-rich microwires. As-prepared Co-rich microwires present much higher GMI ratio. The impact of the stress-annealing on magnetic softness and magnetoimpedance effect of Fe-rich microwires has been studied. The large improvement of the magnetoimpedance response by the stress-annealing is observed. We have achieved GMI ratio increase by an order of magnitude after stress-annealing of Fe-rich microwire. Observed stress-induced anisotropy and related changes of magnetic properties are discussed considering internal stresses relaxation and “back-stresses”.