bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
They’re Still There, He’s All Gone: American Fatalities in Foreign Wars and Right-Wing Radicalization at Home
Authors: MCALEXANDER RICHARD J. , RUBIN MICHAEL A. , WILLIAMS ROB
Published: October 2023

What explains right-wing radicalization in the United States? Existing research emphasizes demographic changes, economic insecurity, and elite polarization. This paper highlights an additional factor: the impact of foreign wars on society at home. We argue communities that bear the greatest costs of foreign wars are prone to higher rates of right-wing radicalization. To support this claim, we present robust correlations between activity on Parler, a predominantly right-wing social media platform, and fatalities among residents who served in U.S. wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, at both the county and census tract level. The findings contribute to understanding right-wing radicalization in the US in two key respects. First, it examines widespread, nonviolent radical-right activity that, because it is less provocative than protest and violence, has eluded systematic measurement. Second, it highlights that U.S. foreign wars have important implications for domestic politics beyond partisanship and voting, to potentially include radicalization.
Achieving high diet quality at eating occasions: findings from a nationally representative study of Australian adults
Authors: Tran Nancy R. , Leech Rebecca M. , Livingstone Katherine M. , McNaughton Sarah A.
Published: October 2023

This study examined differences in food groups consumed at eating occasions by the level of adherence to dietary guidelines in Australian adults (≤19 years) and whether consumption differed with respect to age, sex and education levels. Secondary analysis of the 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (n 9054) was performed, using one 24-h dietary recall with self-reported eating occasions. Dietary Guideline Index scores were used to assess adherence to the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines. Mean differences (95 % CI) in servings of the five food groups and discretionary foods at eating occasions were estimated for adults with higher and lower diet quality, stratified by sex, age group and education. Using survey-based t-tests, differences of at least half a serving with P values < 0·05 were considered meaningful. Compared with adults with lower diet quality, women and men aged 19–50 years with higher diet quality consumed more serves of vegetables at dinner (mean difference (95 % CI), women; 1·0; 95 % CI (0·7, 1·2); men: 0·9; 95 % CI (0·6, 1·3)) and fewer serves of discretionary foods at snacks (women: −0·7; 95 % CI (−0·9, −0·5); men: −1·0; 95 % CI (−1·4, −0·7). Other food groups, such as grains, dairy products and alternatives, meats and alternatives, were not significantly different between adults with lower and higher diet quality, across any eating occasions and age groups. Discretionary food intake at lunch, dinner and snacks was consistently greater among adults with lower diet quality, regardless of education level. Our findings identify dinner and snacks as opportunities to increase vegetable intake and reduce discretionary food intake, respectively.
First confident evidence of moulting in eodiscid trilobites from the Cambrian Stage 3 of South China
Authors: Wang Yifan , Esteve Jorge , Yang Xinglian , Yu Rongxing , Wang Dezhi
Published: October 2023

Trilobite moulting behaviour has been extensively investigated. However, exuviae in eodiscid trilobites are poorly known. Here, we report two eodiscid trilobite specimens, Tsunyidiscus niutitangensis and Tsunyidiscus sp., showing Somersault configuration from the Niutitang Formation and Mingxinsi Formation of South China, respectively (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3). The arrangements of the exoskeletons indicate that the two specimens are the slightly disturbed and undisturbed exuviae. The impression of the lower cephalic unit (LCU) displays the rostral plate in Tsunyidiscus niutitangensis. The exuviae showing the LCU inverted anteriorly under the trunk. The opening of the facial and rostral sutures would have allowed the emergence of the post-ecdysial trilobite with the partial enrolment of exoskeleton. Moreover, our discovery indicates a Somersault configuration which employed the facial and rostral sutures to create an anterior exuvial gape that also exists in eodiscid trilobites besides redlichiid trilobites, corynexochid trilobites and ptychopariid trilobites during the Cambrian.
High-pressure metamorphism of Precambrian continental crust in the southwestern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (South Kazakhstan and North Tien Shan) and tectonic implications for the evolution of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean
Authors: Skoblenko (Pilitsyna) Anfisa V. , Kanygina Nadezhda A. , Dubenskiy Alexander S. , Batanova Valentina G. , Dilek Yildirim , Sheshukov Victor S. , Serov Pavel A.
Published: October 2023

In this study, we investigated the high-pressure (HP) metamorphism of the Precambrian continental crust exposed in the Zheltau terrane in South Kazakhstan (Koyandy complex) and the Chu-Kendyktas terrane in the North Tien Shan of Kyrgyzstan (Aktyuz, Kemin and Kokdzhon complexes) within the SW part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. HP quartz–feldspar lithologies of the Koyandy complex consist of migmatized kyanite-bearing garnet–mica paragneisses, garnet–kyanite paragneisses and their derivatives associated with eclogites. Paragneisses demonstrate prograde evolution involving mica dehydration melting and producing magnesium-rich garnet, kyanite and K-feldspar at the near-peak to retrograde stages at pressures of 15–18.5 kbar and temperatures of 800–870°C. The widespread growth of micas in these rocks reflects lower stages of retrogression at P = 10–12 kbar and T = 720–770°C. The age distributions of the cores of detrital zircon grains from the paragneisses indicate a predominance of Neoproterozoic and minor occurrence of Mesoproterozoic and Palaeoproterozoic sources of their protoliths. The ages of ∼487–485 Ma obtained from the zircon rims of the paragneisses reflect the timing of their HP metamorphic re-equilibration. These age clusters are consistent with the age estimates obtained from the rims of zircons in the eclogite-bearing garnet gneisses of the adjacent Aktyuz complex in the North Tien Shan. The P–T paths and zircon ages obtained from the high-grade quartz–feldspar gneisses of the Zheltau and Chu-Kendyktas terranes are thus interpreted to indicate involvement of the crustal material derived from the Precambrian basement (magmatic zircons aged ca. 844 Ma) and its Ediacaran–Cambrian sedimentary cover (detrital zircons with maxima at 1 Ga and 800–600 Ma) in the latest Cambrian subduction processes induced by the closure of the oceanic basins assigned to the Palaeo-Asian Ocean.
A review of the nematode assemblage of the Australian bandicoot, Isoodon macrourus (Peramelidae), from material held in the South Australian Museum with the description of Sprattellus cassonei n. sp. (Mackerrastrongylidae)
Authors: Smales L.R. , Wood J.A.L. , Chisholm L.A.
Published: October 2023

A total of 235 vials of nematodes held in the Australian Helminthological Collection of the South Australian Museum from 125 individuals of Isoodon macrourus were examined. The nematode assemblage of I. macrourus, comprising 12 families, including 16 genera and 23 identified species, was compared with the sympatric bandicoot species Perameles nasuta, 20 identified species (Sorensen’s index of similarity 0.56) and P. pallescens, 12 identified species (Sorensen’s index 0.51). Sprattellus cassonei n. sp. is distinguished from its congeners by having a synlophe with 7–8 ridges with the anterior ventral ridges interrupted, the morphology of the dorsal ray and the branching of the spicule tips. A single male specimen identified as Linstowinema sp. 1. is characterised by seven circles of body hooks, the oesophagus terminating at the level of the seventh circle and robust scale-like spines on the posterior ventral body. A complete description of the species will require additional material, including females. Difficulties in identifying individuals of the genus Mackerrastrongylus to species level are discussed. Overall similarities in the nematode assemblages of the three bandicoot hosts are likely due to shared relationships and similar behaviours.
Vulnerability of wilderness areas to day-use visits
Authors: McCarley T Ryan , Aycrigg Jocelyn L , Martinuzzi Sebastián , Belote R Travis , Holmes Thomas P
Published: October 2023

Protected areas worldwide are impacted by human activities within their boundaries. Despite having the highest level of protection in the US, wilderness areas are still vulnerable to ecological impacts. We compiled population, population growth rate, median travel time, wilderness size, wilderness proximity, relative accessibility, trail density and an amenity index to generate a Day-Use Vulnerability Index (DUVI) for 722 wilderness areas in the continuous US (CONUS). Using DUVI, we found that the Mount Timpanogos wilderness area in Utah, the Glacier View wilderness area in Washington, the J.N. Ding Darling wilderness area in Florida, the Philip Burton wilderness area in California and the Birkhead Mountains wilderness area in North Carolina were most likely to have ecological impacts from high day-use. Our findings provide a system for evaluating daily use of wilderness areas that could be paired with visitor counts in the future to improve predictions. Growing human populations and recreation are worldwide issues, suggesting that this framework could also be of interest to stakeholders outside the CONUS.
The impact of the Neoglacial and other environmental changes on the raised beaches of Joinville Island, Antarctica
Authors: Theilen Brittany M. , Simms Alexander R. , DeWitt Regina , Zurbuchen Julie , Garcia Christopher , Gernant Cameron
Published: October 2023

In order to reconstruct past environmental conditions along the north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula, we documented changes in grain size, grain roundness, onlap as seen in ground-penetrating radar reflection profiles and ice-rafted debris on a set of 36 raised beaches developed over the last ~7.7 ± 0.9 ka on Joinville Island. The most pronounced changes in beach character occur at ~2.7–3.0 ka. At this time, there appears to have been a reintroduction of less rounded material, the development of stratification within individual beach ridges, an introduction of seaweed and limpets to the beach deposits, a change in clast provenance (although slightly earlier than the change in cobble roundness) and a shallowing of the overall beach plain slope. Prolonged cooling associated with the Neoglacial period may have contributed to these changes, as the readvance of glaciers could have changed the provenance of the beach deposits and introduced more material, leading to the change in roundness of the beach cobbles and the overall slope of the beach plain. This study suggests that late Holocene environmental change left a measurable impact on the coastal zone of Antarctica.
Pre-industrial ‘charity land’ and the dynamics of rural poverty in south-west England, 1656–1739: a case study
Authors: Inui Hideaki
Published: October 2023

Post-enclosure charity lands in the period before the establishment of the charity commission in 1818 pose some fundamental questions. The amount and types of payment that recipients received, how they shifted over the period, and how the spectrum of relief adjusted to the massive macro-level changes – particularly the improvement in poor labourers’ standards of living that occurred between c.1660 and c.1760 – are all of interest. By focusing on a dataset derived from an account book for a charity in Mere (Wiltshire) between 1656 and 1739, this paper reveals how the parish authorities coped with the developing economic polarities in rural society and made changes over time in the size and significance of the doles made from the funds arising from the charity lands, indicating the inextricably mixed nature of welfare – the balance between the different financial resources available both from formal relief and parish charities – in this period.
Government debt and fiscal multipliers in the era of population aging
Authors: Cho Dooyeon , Rhee Dong-Eun
Published: October 2023

Over the past decade, the most salient changes in macroeconomic conditions in developed economies have included rising government debt and population aging, which are strongly correlated with each other. This paper investigates fiscal multipliers by disentangling the effects of population aging from those of government debt. Our analysis, which uses heterogeneous panel data from 24 OECD economies, shows that while fiscal policy is ineffective for economies with high-debt levels, it is effective for economies with low-debt levels. Furthermore, the estimation results reveal that fiscal policy is ineffective for aged economies, regardless of the level of government debt. However, for nonaged economies, while fiscal policy leads to negative effects on output in times of high debt, its positive effects are more pronounced in times of low debt. Our results suggest that, for the effective implementation of fiscal stimulus policies, policy-based stimulation of employment in the labor market is essential.
A guide to estimating the canonical income process in quasidifferences
Authors: Chiparawasha Francis , Hryshko Dmytro
Published: October 2023

The canonical income process, including autoregressive, transitory, and fixed effect components, is routinely used in macro and labor economics. We provide a guide for its estimation using quasidifferences, cataloging biases in the estimated parameters for various
$N$
,
$T$
, initial conditions, and weighting schemes. Using Danish administrative data on male earnings, estimation in quasidifferences yields divergent estimates of the autoregressive parameter for different weighting schemes, which conforms to our simulation results when the variance of transitory shocks is higher than that of persistent shocks, true persistence is high, and the persistent component’s variance in the first sample year is nonzero. We further apply quasidifferences to the data from a calibrated lifecycle model and find significant biases in the persistence of shocks and their insurance. Estimation of the income process using quasidifferences is reliable only when the variance of persistent shocks is higher than that of transitory shocks and the moments are equally weighted.
Global Nitrogen Mass Flux From the Active Freshwater Aquifer Element Pool
Authors: Wood Warren W. , Sanford Ward E. , Cherry John A. , Hyndman David W. , Wood Warren T.
Published: October 2023

The estimated current global mean nitrogen concentration (geogenic + anthropogenic) in the active continental freshwater aquifer element pool is 1.1 mg/L as N, or between four and five times greater than the assumed geogenic mean. This concentration, combined with groundwater flux, generates a continental mass flux of 17 Tg N/y (teragrams of nitrogen, as N, per year) as a result of direct ocean discharge (0.67 Tg N/y), endorheic basins (1.2 Tg N/y), and cold‐wet (0.82 Tg N/y); cold‐dry (1.4 Tg N/y); warm‐dry (1.6 Tg N/y); and warm‐wet (11 Tg N/y) exorheic basins. These values are derived from a geospatial machine learning algorithm and combined groundwater‐modeled recharge in an ArcGIS environment. This active continental freshwater aquifer mass flux is between 35% and 40% of the continental integrated riverine system discharge, thus a significant component of the Earth's active continental freshwater nitrogen budget. We estimate the active continental freshwater aquifer volume to be between 1.4 and 2.8 million km3 suggesting a legacy of between 1.5 and 3.1 Pg as N (petagrams nitrogen as N) with mean residences of 90–180 years.
Increased Melting of Marine‐Terminating Glaciers by Sediment‐Laden Plumes
Authors: McConnochie C. D. , Cenedese C.
Published: October 2023

This paper summarizes the results of the first investigation into the effect of particle‐laden plumes on glacier melting using laboratory experiments. We find that the melt rate, when the ice is exposed to a particle‐laden plume, can be larger than when exposed to an equivalent plume without particles. The increased melt rate is linked to an increase in the plume velocity in response to the presence of suspended particles. Including this increased velocity in a plume model improves melt rate predictions from the “three‐equation model” by approximately 45% for the range of particle concentrations used in this study.
What drives outcomes in infants of mothers with congenital heart disease? A mediation analysis
Authors: Young Brian T. , Baer Rebecca J. , Chambers Christina D. , Peyvandi Shabnam , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura L. , Steurer Martina A.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Infants of mothers with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) are at increased risk for adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. We aim to identify mediators in the relationship between ACHD and pregnancy and infant outcomes.

Study design

Case-control study using linked maternal and infant hospital records. Structural equation modeling was performed to assess for potential mediators of pregnancy and infant outcomes.

Result

We showed an increased risk of multiple adverse infant and pregnancy outcomes among infants born to mothers with ACHD. Maternal placental syndrome and congestive heart failure were mediators of prematurity. Prematurity and critical congenital heart disease in the infant were mediators of infant outcomes. However, the direct effect of ACHD on outcomes beyond that explained by these mediators remained significant.

Conclusion

While significant mediators of infant and pregnancy outcomes were identified, there was a large direct effect of maternal ACHD. Further studies should aim to identify more factors that explain these infants’ vulnerability.
Astragaloside IV derivative HHQ16 ameliorates infarction-induced hypertrophy and heart failure through degradation of lncRNA4012/9456
Authors: Wan Jingjing , Zhang Zhen , Wu Chennan , Tian Saisai , Zang Yibei , Jin Ge , Sun Qingyan , Wang Pin , Luan Xin , Yang Yili , Zhan Xuelin , Ye Lingyu Linda , Duan Dayue Darrel , Liu Xia , Zhang Weidong
Published: October 2023

Reversing ventricular remodeling represents a promising treatment for the post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF). Here, we report a novel small molecule HHQ16, an optimized derivative of astragaloside IV, which effectively reversed infarction-induced myocardial remodeling and improved cardiac function by directly acting on the cardiomyocyte to reverse hypertrophy. The effect of HHQ16 was associated with a strong inhibition of a newly discovered Egr2-affiliated transcript lnc9456 in the heart. While minimally expressed in normal mouse heart, lnc9456 was dramatically upregulated in the heart subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LADL) and in cardiomyocytes subjected to hypertrophic stimulation. The critical role of lnc9456 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was confirmed by specific overexpression and knockout in vitro. A physical interaction between lnc9456 and G3BP2 increased NF-κB nuclear translocation, triggering hypertrophy-related cascades. HHQ16 physically bound to lnc9456 with a high-affinity and induced its degradation. Cardiomyocyte-specific lnc9456 overexpression induced, but knockout prevented LADL-induced, cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. HHQ16 reversed the effect of lnc9456 overexpression while lost its protective role when lnc9456 was deleted, further confirming lnc9456 as the bona fide target of HHQ16. We further identified the human ortholog of lnc9456, also an Egr2-affiliated transcript, lnc4012. Similarly, lnc4012 was significantly upregulated in hypertrophied failing hearts of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. HHQ16 also specifically bound to lnc4012 and caused its degradation and antagonized its hypertrophic effects. Targeted degradation of pathological increased lnc4012/lnc9456 by small molecules might serve as a novel promising strategy to regress infarction-induced cardiac hypertrophy and HF.
Systematic discovery of neoepitope–HLA pairs for neoantigens shared among patients and tumor types
Authors: Gurung Hem R. , Heidersbach Amy J. , Darwish Martine , Chan Pamela Pui Fung , Li Jenny , Beresini Maureen , Zill Oliver A. , Wallace Andrew , Tong Ann-Jay , Hascall Dan , Torres Eric , Chang Andy , Lou Kenny ‘Hei-Wai’ , Abdolazimi Yassan , Hammer Christian , Xavier-Magalhães Ana , Marcu Ana , Vaidya Samir , Le Daniel D. , Akhmetzyanova Ilseyar , Oh Soyoung A. , Moore Amanda J. , Uche Uzodinma N. , Laur Melanie B. , Notturno Richard J. , Ebert Peter J. R. , Blanchette Craig , Haley Benjamin , Rose Christopher M.
Published: October 2023

The broad application of precision cancer immunotherapies is limited by the number of validated neoepitopes that are common among patients or tumor types. To expand the known repertoire of shared neoantigen–human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complexes, we developed a high-throughput platform that coupled an in vitro peptide–HLA binding assay with engineered cellular models expressing individual HLA alleles in combination with a concatenated transgene harboring 47 common cancer neoantigens. From more than 24,000 possible neoepitope–HLA combinations, biochemical and computational assessment yielded 844 unique candidates, of which 86 were verified after immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry analyses of engineered, monoallelic cell lines. To evaluate the potential for immunogenicity, we identified T cell receptors that recognized select neoepitope–HLA pairs and elicited a response after introduction into human T cells. These cellular systems and our data on therapeutically relevant neoepitopes in their HLA contexts will aid researchers studying antigen processing as well as neoepitope targeting therapies.
A parametric study on the analysis of thermosolutal convection for magneto-hydrodynamics dependent viscous fluid
Authors: Bano Sadia , Alam M. Kamran , Khan Aamir , Saqib Abdul Baseer
Published: October 2023

This article explores the influence of Joule heating and viscous dissipation on the unsteady three-dimensional squeezing flow of Newtonian fluid. The flow in a rotating channel with a lower stretched permeable wall is observed under the influence of a uniform magnetic field. The impact of thermal radiation is also considered. The effects of mass and heat transfer on the squeezing flow of Newtonian fluids are observed and modelled using the four fundamental governing equations of fluid flow: the mass equation, momentum equation, concentration equation, and energy equation. Using the appropriate similarity transformations, the resultant non-linear partial differential equations are then transformed into ordinary differential equations. The analytical strategy is developed using the homotopy analysis method to obtain the series solution. The influence of several physical parameters, including the squeezing parameter, the suction parameter, the magnetic number, the rotation parameter, the Eckert number, the Prandtl number, the Dufour number, the Soret number, the radiation parameter, and the Schmidt number, on the velocity profile, energy, and concentration are also discussed through graphs. Additionally, it is observed that enhancing the top plate’s squeezing impact causes a rise in the velocity profile while lowering the temperature and concentration distribution. It is also found that for the velocity field, increasing the magnetic number shows a decrease in the value of the velocity field along the y- and z-axis, whereas the velocity field along the x-axis exhibits dual behavior, such that it initially falls as the magnetic number intensifies but starts to rise in the upper region of the channel. The impact of the Dufour, Soret, and Eckert numbers on temperature and concentration distribution is also studied. It is found that while these numbers directly affect the temperature distribution, the mass distribution follows the opposite trend. Also, it is noticed that the thermal radiation parameter is an increasing function of temperature and mass distribution. Further, graphs and tables are presented to illustrate an error analysis.
The nature of protein intake as a discriminating factor of diet sustainability: a multi-criteria approach
Authors: Toujgani Hafsa , Brunin Joséphine , Perraud Elie , Allès Benjamin , Touvier Mathilde , Lairon Denis , Mariotti François , Pointereau Philippe , Baudry Julia , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle
Published: October 2023

Animal production is responsible for 56–58% of the GHG emissions and limiting meat consumption would strongly contribute to reducing human health risks in Western countries. This study aimed to investigate the nature of protein intake as a discriminating factor for diets’ sustainability. Using data from 29,210 French adults involved in the NutriNet-Santé cohort, we identified clusters according to 23 protein sources. A multicriteria (environmental, economic, nutritional and health) sustainability analysis was then conducted on the identified clusters. The economic analysis focused on both food and protein expenditure structures, using a budget coefficient approach. Relative values of clusters compared to the whole sample were calculated. We identified five clusters: milk-based, meat-based, fast food-based, healthy-fish-based, and healthy-plant-based. We found that the healthy-plant-based and healthy-fish-based clusters were the most sustainable, conciliating the compromise between human health (0.25 and 0.53 respectively for the Health Risk Score) and the protection of the environment (− 62% and − 19% respectively for the pReCiPe indicator). Conversely, the highest environmental impacts (+ 33% for the pReCiPe indicator) and the highest health risk (0.95 for the HRS) were observed for the meat-based cluster, which was associated with the lowest nutritional scores (− 61% for the PNNS-GS2 score). The economic analysis showed that the healthy-plant-based cluster was the one with the highest food budget coefficient (+ 46%), followed by the healthy-fish-based cluster (+ 8%), partly explained by a strong share of organic food in the diet. However, the meat-based cluster spent more of their food budget on their protein intake (+ 13%), while the healthy-plant-based cluster exhibited the lowest expenditure for this intake (− 41%). Our results demonstrate that the nature of protein intake is a discriminating factor in diet sustainability. Also, reducing animal protein consumption would generate co-benefits beyond environmental impacts, by being favorable for health, while reducing the monetary cost associated with protein intake.
The effect of neuter status on longevity in the Rottweiler dog
Authors: Joonè Carolynne J. , Konovalov Dmitry A.
Published: October 2023

Surgical sterilization or neutering of dogs is a commonly performed procedure in veterinary practices in many countries. In recent decades, concerns have been raised regarding possible side effects of neutering, including increased risk of certain neoplastic, musculoskeletal and endocrinological conditions. Considering that age serves as a significant confounding factor for some of these conditions, evaluating longevity statistics could provide valuable insights into the impact of neutering. The aim of this study was to compare longevity between neutered and sexually intact male and female Rottweilers, using electronic patient records collected by the VetCompass Australia database. Male and female Rottweilers neutered before 1 year of age (n = 207) demonstrated an expected lifespan 1.5 years and 1 year shorter, respectively, than their intact counterparts (n = 3085; p < 0.05). Broadening this analysis to include animals neutered before the age of 4.5 years (n = 357) produced similar results.
Modulated complexed stenosed region consequences under the electroosmotic stimulation
Authors: Ijaz S. , Shaheen S. , Shahzadi Iqra , Muhammad Taseer
Published: October 2023

The present study analyzes the theoretical consequences of slip effects in a complex stenosed region. The flow of blood in a stenosed region is incorporated with hybrid nanofluid features which are being prepared with copper and copper oxide nanoparticles. The flow is also intensified by applying an electric field in the axial direction. The governing equations for the proposed paradigm are solved and the corresponding closed-form solutions are obtained for the cases of mild stenosis. Parameters such as Electro-osmotic, velocity slip and Helmholtz–Smoluchowski are specially focused in this study. The heat transfer, hemodynamic velocity, wall shear stress and resistance impedance for the flow are precisely determined. The various parameters that influence the physical characteristics of flow are plotted, and their effects are discussed in detail. The present model has the potential application in medical pumps for drug delivery systems.
Plasma metabolomics supports non-fasted sampling for metabolic profiling across a spectrum of glucose tolerance in the Nile rat model for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Anderson Benton J. , Curtis Anne M. , Jen Annie , Thomson James A. , Clegg Dennis O. , Jiang Peng , Coon Joshua J. , Overmyer Katherine A. , Toh Huishi
Published: October 2023

Type 2 diabetes is a challenge in modern healthcare, and animal models are necessary to identify underlying mechanisms. The Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) develops diet-induced diabetes rapidly on a conventional rodent chow diet without genetic or chemical manipulation. Unlike common laboratory models, the outbred Nile rat model is diurnal and has a wide range of overt diabetes onset and diabetes progression patterns in both sexes, better mimicking the heterogeneous diabetic phenotype in humans. While fasted blood glucose has historically been used to monitor diabetic progression, postprandial blood glucose is more sensitive to the initial stages of diabetes. However, there is a long-held assumption that ad libitum feeding in rodent models leads to increased variance, thus masking diabetes-related metabolic changes in the plasma. Here we compared repeatability within triplicates of non-fasted or fasted plasma samples and assessed metabolic changes relevant to glucose tolerance in fasted and non-fasted plasma of 8–10-week-old male Nile rats. We used liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry lipidomics and polar metabolomics to measure relative metabolite abundances in the plasma samples. We found that, compared to fasted metabolites, non-fasted plasma metabolites are not only more strongly associated with glucose tolerance on the basis of unsupervised clustering and elastic net regression model, but also have a lower replicate variance. Between the two sampling groups, we detected 66 non-fasted metabolites and 32 fasted metabolites that were associated with glucose tolerance using a combined approach with multivariable elastic net and individual metabolite linear models. Further, to test if metabolite replicate variance is affected by age and sex, we measured non-fasted replicate variance in a cohort of mature 30-week-old male and female Nile rats. Our results support using non-fasted plasma metabolomics to study glucose tolerance in Nile rats across the progression of diabetes.
Copper(ii) complexes of the CuN4S core: selective cytotoxicity to cancerous cells, ROS generation and induction of apoptosis
Authors: Malakar Kakoli , Selvakumaran Balasubramaniam , Murali Mariappan , Arul Prakash Pitchan , Sangeetha Somasundaram , Sohtun Winaki P. , Jaabir Mohamed Sultan Mohamed , Velusamy Marappan
Published: October 2023

New copper(ii) complexes display distorted square pyramidal geometry with CuN4S core and bind to CT DNA partial intercalative mode. Cytotoxicity is selective to cancerous cells and causes cell death mostly through the apoptotic mechanism, which produces the most ROS.
An adaptive extended Gaussian peak derivative reweighted penalised least squares method for baseline correction
Authors: Li Xiaoshan , Tang Xiaojun , Wang Bin , Lu Youshui , Chen Houqing
Published: October 2023

We propose a baseline-correction method with better performance for spectra containing high noise, complex baselines, and overlapping peaks.
High-entropy oxides: an emerging anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zou Xikun , Zhang Yi-Ruo , Huang Ze-Ping , Yue Kan , Guo Zi-Hao
Published: October 2023

This review focuses on emerging high-entropy-oxide-based anodes for LIBs, summarizing synthesis routes, discussing the structural evolution and lithium storage mechanism, and detailing strategies for improving electrochemical performance.
Directed synthesis of aragonite through semi-continuous seeded crystallization methods for CO2 utilization
Authors: Williams Jonah M. , Zhao Diandian , Zhang Ning , Chin Aysha , Kawashima Shiho , Moment Aaron J.
Published: October 2023

Semi-continuous seeded crystallization methods that template aragonite nucleation allow for aragonite synthesis at lower temperature than typical.
Addressing electronic and dynamical evolution of molecules and molecular clusters: DFTB simulations of energy relaxation in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Rapacioli Mathias , Buey Maysa Yusef , Spiegelman Fernand
Published: October 2023

We present a review of the capabilities of the density functional based Tight Binding (DFTB) scheme to address the electronic relaxation and dynamical evolution of molecules and molecular clusters following energy deposition via either collision or photoabsorption.
Bipyridil-based chelators for Gd(iii) complexation: kinetic, structural and relaxation properties
Authors: Bunda Szilvia , Lihi Norbert , Szaniszló Zsófia , Esteban-Gómez David , Platas-Iglesias Carlos , Kéri Mónika , Papp Gábor , Kálmán Ferenc Krisztián
Published: October 2023

The thermodynamic, kinetic, relaxation and structural features of the Gd(iii) complex of a phenanthroline-based ligand (H4DIPTA) have been investigated and compared to the structural analogues [Gd(FENTA)]−, [Gd(EGTA)]− and [Gd(DTPA)]2−.
A heterostructure of NiMn-LDH nanosheets assembled on ZIF-L-derived ZnCoS hollow nanosheets with a built-in electric field enables boosted electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Li Tong , Hu Xuanying , Yang Cui , Han Lei , Tao Kai
Published: October 2023

A heterostructure of ZnCoS@NiMn LDH with a built-in electric field has been constructed, and it exhibits excellent energy storage properties.
Preparation of lignin-based vinylogous urethane vitrimer materials and their potential use as on-demand removable adhesives
Authors: Liu Jian , Pich Andrij , Bernaerts Katrien V.
Published: October 2023

Preparation of the lignin-based vitrimer and its reconstruction through the vinylogous urethane-amine exchange.
Additively manufactured multiplexed electrochemical device (AMMED) for portable sample-to-answer detection
Authors: Khorrami Jahromi Arash , Siavash Moakhar Roozbeh , Yedire Sripadh Guptha , Shieh Hamed , Rosenflanz Katerina , Birks Amber , de Vries Justin , Lu Yao , Shafique Houda , Strauss Julia , Mahshid Sara
Published: October 2023

AMMED offers a universal sample-to-answer platform that can be used for accurate multiplexed detection of biomarkers in blood and saliva.
Graphene oxide-based large-area dynamic covalent interfaces
Authors: Situ Boyi , Zhang Zhe , Zhao Liang , Tu Yusong
Published: October 2023

This minireview presents a discussion regarding the realization of long-range migration of chemical compositions on GO-based LDCIs via the spatially connected and consecutive occurrence of DCB-based reversible covalent reactions.
Electrochemical C(sp2)–H/N–H “formal” cross-dehydrogenative coupling of olefins with benzotriazoles for synthesis of N-vinyl benzotriazoles
Authors: Lv Jin-Feng , Tan Yu-Fang , Zhao Ya-Nan , Yang Dan , He Yan-Hong , Guan Zhi
Published: October 2023

n
Bu4NI serves as both electrolyte and iodine mediator in the method, which is characterized by its simple operation (undivided electrolytic cells at room temperature), good atom efficiency, and eco-friendliness, with hydrogen as the sole byproduct.
Side-chain meta[6]cycloparaphenylene-based nanoring-containing polymers
Authors: Zhang Jiale , Cheng He , Meng Zihao , Zhang Hao , Luo Zhenyang , Muddassir Mohd. , Li Xiang , Sha Ye
Published: October 2023

We report the first controlled polymerization of the norbornene-functionalized meta[6]cycloparaphenylene (m[6]CPP) monomer through ROMP. The intrinsic photophysical properties of m[6]CPP are largely retained when it is converted into a polymer.
Effect of temperature on the air–water surface mechanical behavior of water-spread block copolymer micelles
Authors: Fesenmeier Daniel J. , Kim Seyoung , Won You-Yeon
Published: October 2023

In the pursuit of the development of a first-in-kind polymer lung surfactant (PLS) therapeutic whose effects are biophysical in nature, a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting the air–water surface mechanical behavior of water-spread block copolymer micelles is desired.
Vesicles, fibres, films and crystals: A low-molecular-weight-gelator [Au(6-thioguanosine)2]Cl which exhibits a co-operative anion-induced transition from vesicles to a fibrous metallo-hydrogel
Authors: McGarry Liam F. , El-Zubir Osama , Waddell Paul G. , Cucinotta Fabio , Houlton Andrew , Horrocks Benjamin R.
Published: October 2023

[Au(6-thioguanosine)2]Cl has a rich self-assembly chemistry which is unravelled using the response of its intrinsic luminescence to intermolecular interactions.
AI-Generated Images for Speech Pathology—An Exploratory Application to Aphasia Assessment and Intervention Materials
Authors: Pierce John E.
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

Images are a core component of aphasia assessment and intervention that require significant resources to produce or source. Text-to-image generation is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology that has recently made significant advances and could be a source of low-cost, highly customizable images. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of AI image generation for use in aphasia by examining its efficiency and cost during generation of typical images.

Method:

Two hundred targets (80 nouns, 80 verbs, and 40 sentences) were selected at random from existing aphasia assessments and treatment software. A widely known image generator, DALL-E 2, was given text prompts for each target. The success rate, number of prompts required, and costs were summarized across target categories (noun/verb/sentence) and compared to frequency and imageability.

Results:

Of 200 targets, 189 (94.5%) successfully conveyed the key concept. The process took a mean of 2.3 min per target at a cost of $0.31 in U.S. dollars each. However, there were aesthetic flaws in many successful images that could impact their utility. Noun images were generated with the highest efficiency and accuracy, followed by verbs, while sentences were more challenging, particularly those with unusual scenes. Patterns of flaws and errors in image generation are discussed.

Conclusion:

The ability to rapidly generate low-cost, high-quality images using AI is likely to be a major contribution to aphasia assessment and treatment going forward, particularly as advances in this technology continue.
High proportion and large value harmonic current influence on the magnetic field, loss and temperature distribution for ultrahigh voltage converter transformer
Authors: Liu Cong , Hao Jian , Liao Ruijin , Yang Fan , Li Wenping , Li Zhiwei
Published: October 2023

The temperature distribution of ultrahigh voltage (UHV) converter transformer is the key to its service life, allowable load and safe operation. The influence of a high‐proportion and large‐value harmonic current on the magnetic field, loss and temperature distribution of a UHV converter transformer is studied. A new calculation method is proposed to determine the winding temperature under the combined actions of multiple key factors. First, the skin effect of UHV converter transformer winding under high proportion and high current harmonics is analysed extensively. It is found that the increase of harmonic current frequency leads to exponential increase of winding loss and temperature by changing skin depth. Second, based on the superposition principle, a calculation method for winding loss considering harmonic current and different load rates is developed. The temperature distribution under different harmonic current frequencies and contents is obtained. The winding losses and temperature under different harmonic currents are quantified. Finally, a new calculation method is proposed for the converter transformer winding temperature, considering the combined actions of factors such as load rate, cooling oil inlet rate and temperature, harmonic current frequency and content. Experimental verification showed an error of only 0.58 K in the actual transformer hotspot temperature, confirming the effectiveness of this method. This method is of great significance for temperature control and safe operation of UHV converter transformers.
A sample of dust attenuation laws for Dark Energy Survey supernova host galaxies
Authors: Duarte J. , González-Gaitán S. , Mourão A. , Paulino-Afonso A. , Guilherme-Garcia P. , Águas J. , Galbany L. , Kelsey L. , Scolnic D. , Sullivan M. , Brout D. , Palmese A. , Wiseman P. , Aguena M. , Alves O. , Bacon D. , Bertin E. , Bocquet S. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Carnero Rosell A. , Carrasco Kind M. , Carretero J. , Costanzi M. , Pereira M. E. S. , Davis T. M. , De Vicente J. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Doel P. , Everett S. , Ferrero I. , Friedel D. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gatti M. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gutierrez G. , Hinton S. R. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Melchior P. , Miquel R. , Paz-Chinchón F. , Pieres A. , Plazas Malagón A. A. , Raveri M. , Rodriguez-Monroy M. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Suchyta E. , Tarle G. , To C. , Weaverdyck N.
Published: October 2023

Context. Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are useful distance indicators in cosmology, provided their luminosity is standardized by applying empirical corrections based on light-curve properties. One factor behind these corrections is dust extinction, which is accounted for in the color–luminosity relation of the standardization. This relation is usually assumed to be universal, which can potentially introduce systematics into the standardization. The “mass step” observed for SN Ia Hubble residuals has been suggested as one such systematic.

Aims. We seek to obtain a more complete view of dust attenuation properties for a sample of 162 SN Ia host galaxies and to probe their link to the mass step.

Methods. We inferred attenuation laws toward hosts from both global and local (4 kpc) Dark Energy Survey photometry and composite stellar population model fits.

Results. We recovered a relation between the optical depth and the attenuation slope, best explained by differing star-to-dust geometry for different galaxy orientations, which is significantly different from the optical depth and extinction slope relation observed directly for SNe. We obtain a large variation of attenuation slopes and confirm these change with host properties, such as the stellar mass and age, meaning a universal SN Ia correction should ideally not be assumed. Analyzing the cosmological standardization, we find evidence for a mass step and a two-dimensional “dust step”, both more pronounced for red SNe. Although comparable, the two steps are not found to be completely analogous.

Conclusions. We conclude that host galaxy dust data cannot fully account for the mass step, using either an alternative SN standardization with extinction proxied by host attenuation or a dust-step approach.
Shaping the CO snowline in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Gavino S. , Kobus J. , Dutrey A. , Guilloteau S. , Wolf S. , Jørgensen J. K. , Sharma R.
Published: October 2023

Context. Characterizing the dust thermal structure in protoplanetary disks is a fundamental task because the dust surface temperature can affect both the planetary formation and the chemical evolution. Because the temperature depends on many parameters, including the grain size, it can be challenging to properly model the grain temperature structure. Many chemistry disk models usually employ a sophisticated single dust structure designed to reproduce the effect of a realistic population presumably composed of a large diversity of sizes. This generally represents a good approximation in most cases. Nonetheless, it dilutes the effects of the complex radiative interactions between the different grain populations on the resulting dust temperature, and thus, the chemistry.

Aims. We seek to show that the radiative interactions between dust grains of different sizes can induce a nontrivial dust temperature structure that cannot be reproduced by a single dust population and that can significantly affect the chemical outcome.

Methods. The disk thermal structures were computed using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code RADMC-3D. The thermal structures were postprocessed using the gas-grain code NAUTILUS to calculate the evolution of the chemical abundance.

Results. We find that simultaneously using at least two independent dust grain populations in disk models produces a complex temperature structure due to the starlight that is intercepted by the upper layers of the disk. In particular, we find that micron-sized dust grains are warmer than larger grains and can even show a radial temperature bump in some conditions. This dust temperature spread between the grain populations results in the segregation of the CO snowline and in an unexpected CO gas hole in the midplane. We compare the results with observed close to edge-on class I/II disks.

Conclusions. Our study shows that the size dependence of the dust temperature significantly impacts the chemistry, and that two dust populations at least are required to account for this property of the thermal structure in protoplanetary disk models over a wide range of disk masses and dust properties.
A trio of month-long flares in the nova-like variable V704 And
Authors: Zsidi G. , Nixon C. J. , Naylor T. , Pringle J. E. , Page K. L.
Published: October 2023

We present the discovery of an unusual set of flares in the nova-like variable V704 And. Using data from AAVSO, ASAS-SN, and ZTF for the nova-like variable V704 And, we discovered a trio of brightening events that occurred during the high state. These events elevate the optical brightness of the source from ∼13.5 to ∼12.5 mag. The events last for roughly a month, and exhibit the unusual shape of a slow rise and faster decay. Immediately after the third event, we obtained data from regular monitoring with Swift, although by this time the flares had ceased and the source returned to its pre-flare level of activity in the high state. The Swift observations confirm that during the high state, the source is detectable in the X-rays, and provide simultaneous UV and optical fluxes. As the source is already in the high state prior to the flares, and therefore the disc is expected to already be in the high-viscosity state, we conclude that the driver of the variations must be changes in the mass transfer rate from the companion star and we discuss mechanisms that could lead to such short-timescale mass-transfer variations.