bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional variation of lower limb major amputations on different geographic scales – a Hungarian nationwide study over 13 years
Authors: Kolossváry Endre , Ferenci Tamás , Kováts Tamás , Kovács Levente , Farkas Katalin , Járai Zoltán
Published: July 2020

Summary: Background: The incidence of lower limb major amputations is an important healthcare quality indicator, as it reflects all efforts aimed to prevent limb loss. Analysis of within-country regional variations in incidence may reveal the sources of disparities in care. Materials and methods: Based on the data of the Hungarian healthcare beneficiary population from 2004 to 2016, the incidence of lower limb major amputations and its spatial variations was determined regionally on four levels of geographic resolution. Variability and autocorrelation were quantified on different resolutions. Results: A total of 56,468 lower limb major amputation procedures were identified in 49,528 patients over the observation period. Marked regional variations were detected at all geographic scale levels. In the case of county-level and local administrative level, the systematic component of variation was 0.03 and 0.09, respectively. Only half of the variation at local administrative level was explained by county. Conclusions: Lower limb major amputations show marked regional variations on the different geographic levels of resolution. The more granular the assessment, the higher the regional variation was. Assumingly, this observation is partially a mathematical necessity but may also be related to the different characteristics of care at a given level of spatial aggregation. The decomposition of the variance of amputation rates indicates that the potential explanatory factors contributing to spatial variability are multiple and may be interpreted on different levels of geographic resolution. Addressing the unwarranted variations and resolving the issues that contribute to high lower limb major amputation rates needs further explorative analysis.
Venovo venous stent for treatment of non-thrombotic or post-thrombotic iliac vein lesions – long-term efficacy and safety results from the Arnsberg venous registry
Authors: Lichtenberg Michael K. W. , Stahlhoff Wilhelm F. , Stahlhoff Stefan , Özkapi Ahmet , Breuckmann Frank , de Graaf Rick
Published: July 2020

Summary: Background: Endovascular venous stenting with dedicated venous stents for the treatment of chronic venous outflow obstruction is developing as efficacious alternative to conservative therapy or open surgery. However, so far, mid- and long-term evidence on effectiveness and safety is poor. Patients and methods: The prospective, single-center, observational study enrolled consecutive patients with chronic non-thrombotic iliac vein lesions (NIVL) or post-thrombotic iliofemoral obstructions (PTO). From February 2016 to April 2017, patients underwent implantation of open cell, self-expandable dedicated venous stents. Short-term symptomatic improvement, patency, and complication rate were favorable. Evaluation at 2-years included improvement in the revised venous clinical severity score (rVCSS), patency, stent migration, major target limb events, clinically important pulmonary embolism, major bleeding, and all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 79 patients (57 ± 16 years, 44 female) were evaluated. At 2 years, rVCCS improved by 4.3 ± 2.7 (p < 0.001). Substantial clinical improvement of ≥ 2 score points was achieved in 86.4% (38 of 44) of patients. Improvement was not associated with thrombotic pathogenesis (regression coefficient [B] with PTO = 0.6 [95%CI: −1.1 to 2.3], p = 0.48). At 2 years, all ulcers (in 8 of 79 patients) were healed and none recurred. Two-year primary patency was 95.5% (95%CI: 86.5 to 98.5) with no difference between NIVL- and PTO-patients (log-rank p = 0.83). Target vessel revascularization was conducted in two PTO- and one NIVL-patients in the period of 34 days to 156 days from index procedure, resulting in a secondary patency of 100%. No stent migration, target limb deep vein thrombosis, major amputation, pulmonary embolism, or death occurred. Conclusions: Venovo venous open cell self-expanding stent implantation for chronic outflow obstruction was efficacious and provided a sufficient level of safety throughout 2 years.
Comparison of Alcohol Use Disorders in DSM and ICD
Authors: W. M. Wong Jessica , M. Wurst Friedrich , W. Preuss Ulrich
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Introduction: With advances in medicine, our understanding of diseases has deepened and diagnostic criteria have evolved. Currently, the most frequently used diagnostic systems are the ICD (International Classification of Diseases) and the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) to diagnose alcohol-related disorders. Results: In this narrative review, we follow the historical developments in ICD and DSM with their corresponding milestones reflecting the scientific research and medical considerations of their time. The current diagnostic concepts of DSM-5 and ICD-11 and their development are presented. Lastly, we compare these two diagnostic systems and evaluate their practicability in clinical use.
Case Studies in Dementia-Related Anxiety
Authors: Maxfield Molly , Roberts Jennifer R. , Dieker JoAnna
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Two clients seeking neuropsychological assessment reported anxiety about their cognitive status. We review the cases to increase our understanding of factors contributing to dementia-related anxiety. Case 1 met the criteria for mild neurocognitive disorder; the client’s memory was impaired, and she had a high genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. The client reported anxiety about negative perceptions of quality of life among individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Case 2 did not meet the criteria for a neurocognitive disorder. Anxiety about this client’s cognitive status appeared attributable to generalized anxiety disorder, given his anxiety about diverse topics. Both clients reported embarrassment about forgetfulness and social withdrawal. Dementia-related anxiety is believed to be relatively common, to exist on a continuum, to have unique social implications, and to stem from various sources, necessitating differing interventions.
The Evolution of Complex Es Observed by Multi Instruments Over Low‐Latitude China
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Ning Baiqi , Hu Lianhuan , Yue Xinan , Zhao Xiukuan , Lan Jiaping , Zhu Zhengping , Huang Zhaoguo , Wu Zhi
Published: July 2020

A complex daytime sporadic E (Es) case with extremely high critical frequency (foEs) was observed over the low latitude of China on 19 May 2018. Simultaneous observational results from two very high frequency (VHF) radars, two ionosondes, and multiple Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content and scintillation receivers are analyzed to investigate the evolution of the complex Es occurrence, which consisted of a relatively weak ambient Es layer (foEs < 8 MHz) and band‐like strong Es structures (foEs > 17 MHz) drifting from higher latitude. The strong Es structures elongated more than 500 km in the northwest‐southeast direction, drifted southwestward at a speed of ~65 m/s. VHF radar backscatter echoes were generated when the strong Es structures passed the radar field of view, with different echo patterns due to different radar and antenna configurations. No VHF radar backscatter echo was associated with the ambient Es layer. The mechanisms responsible for the formations of the ambient Es layer and band‐like strong Es structures are addressed and discussed.
SARS-CoV-2 genomic variations associated with mortality rate of COVID-19
Authors: Toyoshima Yujiro , Nemoto Kensaku , Matsumoto Saki , Nakamura Yusuke , Kiyotani Kazuma
Published: July 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly expanded to a global pandemic. However, numbers of infected cases, deaths, and mortality rates related to COVID-19 vary from country to country. Although many studies were conducted, the reasons of these differences have not been clarified. In this study, we comprehensively investigated 12,343 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences isolated from patients/individuals in six geographic areas and identified a total of 1234 mutations by comparing with the reference SARS-CoV-2 sequence. Through a hierarchical clustering based on the mutant frequencies, we classified the 28 countries into three clusters showing different fatality rates of COVID-19. In correlation analyses, we identified that ORF1ab 4715L and S protein 614G variants, which are in a strong linkage disequilibrium, showed significant positive correlations with fatality rates (r = 0.41, P = 0.029 and r = 0.43, P = 0.022, respectively). We found that BCG-vaccination status significantly associated with the fatality rates as well as number of infected cases. In BCG-vaccinated countries, the frequency of the S 614G variant had a trend of association with the higher fatality rate. We also found that the frequency of several HLA alleles, including HLA-A*11:01, were significantly associated with the fatality rates, although these factors were associated with number of infected cases and not an independent factor to affect fatality rate in each country. Our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 mutations as well as BCG-vaccination status and a host genetic factor, HLA genotypes might affect the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or severity of COVID-19.
Six reference-quality genomes reveal evolution of bat adaptations
Authors: Jebb David , Huang Zixia , Pippel Martin , Hughes Graham M. , Lavrichenko Ksenia , Devanna Paolo , Winkler Sylke , Jermiin Lars S. , Skirmuntt Emilia C. , Katzourakis Aris , Burkitt-Gray Lucy , Ray David A. , Sullivan Kevin A. M. , Roscito Juliana G. , Kirilenko Bogdan M. , Dávalos Liliana M. , Corthals Angelique P. , Power Megan L. , Jones Gareth , Ransome Roger D. , Dechmann Dina K. N. , Locatelli Andrea G. , Puechmaille Sébastien J. , Fedrigo Olivier , Jarvis Erich D. , Hiller Michael , Vernes Sonja C. , Myers Eugene W. , Teeling Emma C.
Published: July 2020

Bats possess extraordinary adaptations, including flight, echolocation, extreme longevity and unique immunity. High-quality genomes are crucial for understanding the molecular basis and evolution of these traits. Here we incorporated long-read sequencing and state-of-the-art scaffolding protocols1 to generate, to our knowledge, the first reference-quality genomes of six bat species (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Phyllostomus discolor, Myotis myotis, Pipistrellus kuhlii and Molossus molossus). We integrated gene projections from our ‘Tool to infer Orthologs from Genome Alignments’ (TOGA) software with de novo and homology gene predictions as well as short- and long-read transcriptomics to generate highly complete gene annotations. To resolve the phylogenetic position of bats within Laurasiatheria, we applied several phylogenetic methods to comprehensive sets of orthologous protein-coding and noncoding regions of the genome, and identified a basal origin for bats within Scrotifera. Our genome-wide screens revealed positive selection on hearing-related genes in the ancestral branch of bats, which is indicative of laryngeal echolocation being an ancestral trait in this clade. We found selection and loss of immunity-related genes (including pro-inflammatory NF-κB regulators) and expansions of anti-viral APOBEC3 genes, which highlights molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the exceptional immunity of bats. Genomic integrations of diverse viruses provide a genomic record of historical tolerance to viral infection in bats. Finally, we found and experimentally validated bat-specific variation in microRNAs, which may regulate bat-specific gene-expression programs. Our reference-quality bat genomes provide the resources required to uncover and validate the genomic basis of adaptations of bats, and stimulate new avenues of research that are directly relevant to human health and disease1.
Altered spatial summation optimizes visual function in axial myopia
Authors: Stapley Victoria , Anderson Roger S. , Saunders Kathryn J. , Mulholland Pádraig J.
Published: July 2020

This study demonstrates significant differences between the area of complete spatial summation (Ricco’s area, RA) in eyes with and without non-pathological, axial myopia. Contrast thresholds were measured for six stimuli (0.01–2.07 deg2) presented at 10º eccentricity in 24 myopic subjects and 20 age-similar non-myopic controls, with RA estimated using iterative two-phase regression analysis. To explore the effects of axial length-induced variations in retinal image size (RIS) on the measurement of RA, refractive error was separately corrected with (i) trial lenses at the anterior focal point (near constant inter-participant RIS in mm), and (ii) contact lenses (RIS changed with axial length). For spectacle corrected measurements, RA was significantly larger in the myopic group, with a significant positive correlation also being observed between RA and measures of co-localised peripheral ocular length. With contact lens correction, there was no significant difference in RA between the groups and no relationship with peripheral ocular length. The results suggest RA changes with axial elongation in myopia to compensate for reduced retinal ganglion cell density. Furthermore, as these changes are only observed when axial length induced variations in RIS are accounted for, they may reflect a functional adaptation of the axially-myopic visual system to an enlarged RIS.
Annotation-free learning of plankton for classification and anomaly detection
Authors: Pastore Vito P. , Zimmerman Thomas G. , Biswas Sujoy K. , Bianco Simone
Published: July 2020

The acquisition of increasingly large plankton digital image datasets requires automatic methods of recognition and classification. As data size and collection speed increases, manual annotation and database representation are often bottlenecks for utilization of machine learning algorithms for taxonomic classification of plankton species in field studies. In this paper we present a novel set of algorithms to perform accurate detection and classification of plankton species with minimal supervision. Our algorithms approach the performance of existing supervised machine learning algorithms when tested on a plankton dataset generated from a custom-built lensless digital device. Similar results are obtained on a larger image dataset obtained from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Additionally, we introduce a new algorithm to perform anomaly detection on unclassified samples. Here an anomaly is defined as a significant deviation from the established classification. Our algorithms are designed to provide a new way to monitor the environment with a class of rapid online intelligent detectors.
A Mendelian randomization study of telomere length and blood-cell traits
Authors: Adams Charleen D. , Boutwell Brian B.
Published: July 2020

Whether telomere attrition reducing proliferative reserve in blood-cell progenitors is causal has important public-health implications. Mendelian randomization (MR) is an analytic technique using germline genetic variants as instrumental variables. If certain assumptions are met, estimates from MR should be free from most environmental sources of confounding and reverse causation. Here, two-sample MR is performed to test whether longer telomeres cause changes to hematological traits. Summary statistics for genetic variants strongly associated with telomere length were extracted from a genome-wide association (GWA) study for telomere length in individuals of European ancestry (n = 9190) and from GWA studies of blood-cell traits, also in those of European ancestry (n ~ 173,000 participants). A standard deviation increase in genetically influenced telomere length increased red blood cell and white blood cell counts, decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobinand mean cell volume, and had no observable impact on mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width, hematocrit, or hemoglobin. Sensitivity tests for pleiotropic distortion were mostly inconsistent with glaring violations to the MR assumptions. Similar to germline mutations in telomere biology genes leading to bone-marrow failure, these data provide evidence that genetically influenced common variation in telomere length impacts hematologic traits in the population.
Efficacy of Royal Guard, a new alpha-cypermethrin and pyriproxyfen treated mosquito net, against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors
Authors: Ngufor Corine , Agbevo Abel , Fagbohoun Josias , Fongnikin Augustin , Rowland Mark
Published: July 2020

Royal Guard is a new insecticide-treated bed-net incorporated with a mixture of alpha-cypermethrin and pyriproxyfen (an insect growth regulator). We assessed its efficacy and wash-resistance in laboratory and experimental hut studies following WHO guidelines. Mosquitoes that survived exposure to the net were kept in separate oviposition chambers and observed for the reproductive effects of pyriproxyfen. In laboratory assays, Royal Guard induced > 80% mortality and > 90% blood-feeding inhibition of An. gambiae sl mosquitoes before and after 20 standardised washes and sterilised blood-fed mosquitoes which remained alive after exposure to the net. In an experimental hut trial against wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae sl in Cové Benin, Royal Guard through the pyrethroid component induced comparable levels of mortality and blood-feeding inhibition to a standard pyrethroid-only treated net before and after 20 washes and sterilised large proportions of surviving blood-fed female mosquitoes through the pyriproxyfen component; Royal Guard induced 83% reduction in oviposition and 95% reduction in offspring before washing and 25% reduction in oviposition and 50% reduction in offspring after 20 washes. Royal Guard has the potential to improve malaria vector control and provide better community protection against clinical malaria in pyrethroid-resistant areas compared to standard pyrethroid-only LLINs.
Graphite-shell-chains selectively and efficiently produced from biomass rich in cellulose and chitin
Authors: Suzuki Kyoko , Saito Yukie , Okazaki Noriyasu , Suzuki Tsutomu
Published: July 2020

Graphite-shell-chains have a worm-like nanocarbon configuration with a graphitic structure and mesopores, and they are easily produced from wood by using iron-group metal-catalysed carbonization at 900 °C. The simple production process with natural resources convinced us that this process may occur somewhere on Earth; the product of this process was indeed discovered as biogenic graphite by geochemists. However, the biogenic graphite was 3.7 billion years old, thus occurring long before wood appeared in the world. Here, we investigated appropriate carbon precursors other than wood in various materials and showed that carbon is selectively and efficiently obtained from biomass rich in cellulose and chitin. To enable selective and efficient production from this biomass, it seems the precursors provide a perfect amorphous carbon matrix where metal catalysts can reside at an active size to constantly create a graphite shell during carbonization. The results suggest that graphite-shell-chains could have existed in ancient times. Application developments of this biomass-derived nanocarbon will be useful for sustainable development goals.
The effect of bariatric surgery on female sexual function: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Różańska-Walędziak Anna , Bartnik Paweł , Kacperczyk-Bartnik Joanna , Walędziak Maciej , Kwiatkowski Andrzej , Czajkowski Krzysztof
Published: July 2020

The generally negative impact of obesity on female sexuality is well-established. The possible association between bariatric surgery, weight loss, and female sexuality is much less described. The aim of the study was to analyse the possible association between bariatric surgery and female sexual function. It was a cross-sectional study of 623 patients who underwent bariatric surgery between 1999 and 2017. Patients were recruited on the basis of medical records from the Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw. Patients were invited to complete a questionnaire which consisted of self-designed demographic questions and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The total FSFI score, as well as each subdomain, improved significantly after surgery. The prevalence of low score (< 26.55) was significantly lower after the surgery in comparison to the status prior to the procedure (36.3% vs. 57.5%; p < .001). There were no differences regarding the number of sexually active patients before and after the surgery (75.3% vs. 76.1%; p < .63). There were observed statistically significant, positive correlations between BMI decrease and each subdomain of the FSFI score as well as the total score. Weight loss surgery seems to decrease the risk of sexual dysfunction presence and the advantages are associated with the total BMI loss.
Dust radiative forcing and its impact on surface energy budget over West Africa
Authors: Saidou Chaibou Abdoul Aziz , Ma Xiaoyan , Sha Tong
Published: July 2020

Dust is the dominant aerosol type over West Africa (WA), and therefore accurate simulation of dust impact is critical for better prediction of weather and climate change. The dust radiative forcing (DRF) is estimated using two sets of experiments in this study: one without and the other with dust aerosol and its feedbacks with the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry model (WRF-Chem). Results show that DRF presents a net warming effect at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and in the atmosphere (ATM), and cooling at the surface (SFC). The net DRF over WA is estimated to be 9 W/m2at the TOA, 23 W/m2in the ATM, and − 13 W/m2at the SFC. Furthermore, dust-induced a reduction of sensible heat up to 24 W/m2and SFC temperature up to 2 °C cooling over WA, an increase of latent heat up to 12 W/m2over Sahara, a decrease up to 24 W/m2over the vegetated surfaces and an increase in the surface energy balance up to 12 W/m2over WA. The presence of dust significantly influences the surface energy budget over WA, suggesting that dust effects should be considered in more climate studies to improve the accuracy of climate predictions.
Environmental factors influencing primary productivity of the forest-forming kelp Laminaria hyperborea in the northeast Atlantic
Authors: Smale Dan A. , Pessarrodona Albert , King Nathan , Burrows Michael T. , Yunnie Anna , Vance Thomas , Moore Pippa
Published: July 2020

Rates and drivers of primary productivity are well understood for many terrestrial ecosystems, but remain poorly resolved for many marine ecosystems, particularly those within in coastal benthic environments. We quantified net primary productivity (NPP) using two methods as well as carbon standing stock within kelp forests (Laminaria hyperborea) at multiple subtidal habitats in the United Kingdom (UK). Study sites spanned 9° in latitude and encompassed a gradient in average temperature of ~ 2.5 °C. In addition to temperature, we measured other factors (e.g. light intensity, water motion, nutrients, sea urchin density) that may influence productivity. Although estimates of NPP were highly variable between sites, ranging from 166 to 738 g C m-2 yr-1, our study-wide average of 340 g C m-2 yr-1 indicated that L. hyperborea forests are highly productive. We observed clear differences between NPP and carbon standing stock between our cold northernmost sites and our warm southernmost sites, with NPP and standing stock being around 1.5 and 2.5 times greater in the northern sites, respectively. Ocean temperature was identified as a likely driver of productivity, with reduced NPP and standing stock observed in warmer waters. Light availability was also strongly linked with carbon accumulation and storage, with increased light levels positively correlated with NPP and standing stock. Across its geographical range, total NPP from L. hyperborea is estimated at ~ 7.61 Tg C yr-1. This biomass production is likely to be important for local food webs, as a trophic subsidy to distant habitats and for inshore carbon cycling and (potentially) carbon sequestration. However, given the strong links with temperature, continued ocean warming in the northeast Atlantic may reduce primary productivity of this foundation species, as optimal temperatures for growth and performance are surpassed.
Gene biomarker discovery at different stages of Alzheimer using gene co-expression network approach
Authors: Soleimani Zakeri Negar Sadat , Pashazadeh Saeid , MotieGhader Habib
Published: July 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder. It is the most common type of dementia that has remained as an incurable disease in the world, which destroys the brain cells irreversibly. In this study, a systems biology approach was adopted to discover novel micro-RNA and gene-based biomarkers of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The gene expression data from three AD stages (Normal, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer) were used to reconstruct co-expression networks. After preprocessing and normalization, Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used on a total of 329 samples, including 145 samples of Alzheimer stage, 80 samples of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) stage, and 104 samples of the Normal stage. Next, three gene-miRNA bipartite networks were reconstructed by comparing the changes in module groups. Then, the functional enrichment analyses of extracted genes of three bipartite networks and miRNAs were done, respectively. Finally, a detailed analysis of the authentic studies was performed to discuss the obtained biomarkers. The outcomes addressed proposed novel genes, including MBOAT1, ARMC7, RABL2B, HNRNPUL1, LAMTOR1, PLAGL2, CREBRF, LCOR, and MRI1and novel miRNAs comprising miR-615-3p, miR-4722-5p, miR-4768-3p, miR-1827, miR-940 and miR-30b-3p which were related to AD. These biomarkers were proposed to be related to AD for the first time and should be examined in future clinical studies.
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based small-molecule sensors and imaging agents
Authors: Wu Luling , Huang Chusen , Emery Ben P. , Sedgwick Adam C. , Bull Steven D. , He Xiao-Peng , Tian He , Yoon Juyoung , Sessler Jonathan L. , James Tony D.
Published: July 2020

In this tutorial review, we will explore recent advances in the construction and application of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based small-molecule fluorescent probes.
Molecular simulation study on the flexibility in the interpenetrated metal–organic framework LMOF-201 using reactive force field
Authors: Agrawal Ankit , Agrawal Mayank , Suh Donguk , Ma Yunsheng , Matsuda Ryotaro , Endo Akira , Hsu Wei-Lun , Daiguji Hirofumi
Published: July 2020

The guest-induced structural changes in LMOF-201 were demonstrated by using reactive force field combined with Grand Canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations.
Fluorescence nucleobase analogue-based strategy with high signal-to-noise ratio for ultrasensitive detection of food poisoning bacteria
Authors: Hwang Sung Hyun , Kim Jung Ho , Park Junghun , Park Ki Soo
Published: July 2020

We developed a simple and ultrasensitive strategy for the identification of pathogens utilizing a fluorescent nucleobase analogue (2-aminopurine)-containing split G-quadruplex that binds blocker DNA, which shows the high selectivity for target DNA.
Water content in solid polymer electrolytes: the lost knowledge
Authors: Mankovsky Denis , Lepage David , Lachal Marie , Caradant Léa , Aymé-Perrot David , Dollé Mickaël
Published: July 2020

As only a few thousand ppm of water can lead to a large overestimation of the ionic conductivity, the systematic quantification of the water content in solid polymer electrolytes appears mandatory.
Step emulsification in microfluidic droplet generation: mechanisms and structures
Authors: Shi Zhi , Lai Xiaochen , Sun Chengtao , Zhang Xingguo , Zhang Lei , Pu Zhihua , Wang Ridong , Yu Haixia , Li Dachao
Published: July 2020

Step emulsification for micro- and nano-droplet generation is reviewed in brief, including the emulsion mechanisms and microfluidic devices.
Highly enantioselective addition of aliphatic aldehydes to 2-hydroxychalcone enabled by cooperative organocatalysts
Authors: Hu Jiadong , Gao Yu-Qi , Xu Dongyang , Chen Le , Wen Wen , Hou Yi , Chen Lu , Xie Weiqing
Published: July 2020

Herein, we developed an enantioselective addition of aliphatic aldehydes to 2-hydroxychalcone promoted by cooperative organocatalysts, giving access to hybrid flavonoids in excellent enantioselectivities.
Nickel(ii)-catalyzed asymmetric thio-Claisen rearrangement of α-diazo pyrazoleamides with thioindoles
Authors: Yang Wei , Lin Xiaobin , Zhang Yongyan , Cao Weidi , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: July 2020

A chiral Ni(ii) complex catalyzed enantioselective thio-Claisen rearrangement of α-diazo pyrazoleamides with thioindoles.
Synthesis, characterization, self-assembly and non-ohmic Schottky barrier diode behaviors of two iron(iii) based semiconductors with theoretical insight
Authors: Basak Tanmoy , Das Dhananjoy , Ray Partha Pratim , Banerjee Snehasis , Chattopadhyay Shouvik
Published: July 2020

Schottky barrier diodes have been fabricated using two iron(iii) Schiff base complexes. The total and partial DOS values have been calculated using DFT to calculate the band gaps in these complexes.
Ab initio investigation of the role of transition-metal dopants in the adsorption properties of ethylene glycol on doped Pt(100) surfaces
Authors: Bezerra Raquel C. , Mendes Paulo C. D. , Passos Raimundo R. , Da Silva Juarez L. F.
Published: July 2020

Ethylene glycol (EG) has been considered as a promising alcohol for direct alcohol fuel cells. In this study, we develop an atomistic understanding of its interaction with doped transition-metal surfaces.
Development of interatomic potential for Al–Tb alloys using a deep neural network learning method
Authors: Tang L. , Yang Z. J. , Wen T. Q. , Ho K. M. , Kramer M. J. , Wang C. Z.
Published: July 2020

The developed deep neural network (DNN) potential can describe the structural properties of the Al90Tb10 liquid and the formation energies of Al–Tb crystals with the accuracy of ab initio calculations.
Highly selective 1-pentene epoxidation over Ti-MWW with modified microenvironment of Ti active sites
Authors: Yin Jinpeng , Xu Hao , Wang Bowen , Tian Wenwen , Yin Jianyong , Jiang Jingang , Wu Peng
Published: July 2020

The hexa-coordinated Ti active sites with the piperidine molecules as ligand significantly accelerate H2O2activation, which effectively improve the catalytic performance of Ti-MWW in the 1-pentene epoxidation reaction.
Autogenous growth of the hierarchical V-doped NiFe layer double metal hydroxide electrodes for an enhanced overall water splitting
Authors: Liang Jin , Shen Haiqi , Ma Yaming , Liu Dongyu , Li Mingtao , Kong Jie , Tang Yusheng , Ding Shujiang
Published: July 2020

V-NiFe-LDH/NF are applied to promote the electronic conductivity and achieve efficient electrocatalysis for overall water splitting. The doping effect and defects reduced the overpotential and accelerated the initial kinetics of the catalytic process.
Two new ammonium/alkali-rare earth metal difluorophosphates ALa(PO2F2)4(A = NH4and K) with moderate birefringence and short cutoff edges
Authors: Zhang Wenyao , Wei Zhonglei , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: July 2020

ALa(PO2F2)4(A = NH4and K) are the first examples of ammonium/alkali-rare-earth metal difluorophosphates. The cutoff edge of KLa(PO2F2)4is below 180 nm. The calculated birefringences are 0.023 and 0.019 for KLa(PO2F2)4and NH4La(PO2F2)4.
Effects of inulin on protein in frozen dough during frozen storage
Authors: Ke Yuan , Wang Yangyang , Ding Wenping , Leng Yue , Lv Qingyun , Yang Heng , Wang Xuedong , Ding Beibei
Published: July 2020

Inulin exhibits a good protection effect on protein in frozen dough.
Contents of key bioactive and detrimental compounds in health performance coffees compared to conventional types of coffees sold in the United States market
Authors: dePaula Juliana , Cunha Sara C. , Revi Ildi , Batista Alessandro M. , Sá Soraia V. M. D. , Calado Veronica , Fernandes José O. , Cruz Adriano , Farah Adriana
Published: July 2020

The contents of major bioactive compounds in health performance coffees and conventional coffees sold in the U.S. market were compared. Many health claims on the health performance coffee labels were unjustified.
Sterically driven metal-free oxidation of 2,7-di-tert-butylpyrene
Authors: El-Assaad Tarek H. , Parida Keshaba N. , Cesario Marcello F. , McGrath Dominic V.
Published: July 2020

A new metal-free ortho oxidation of 2,7-di-tert-butylpyrene provides in high yield the corresponding 4,5-dione and 4,5,9,10-tetraone in environmentally benign solvents.
Chemo-enzymatic production of omega-3 monoacylglycerides using sponge-like ionic liquids and supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Villa Rocio , Alvarez Elena , Nieto Susana , Donaire Antonio , Garcia-Verdugo Eduardo , Luis Santiago V. , Lozano Pedro
Published: July 2020

Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of omega-3 monoacylglycerides was carried out in two steps, the enzymatic transesterification of fish or linseed oil with solketal, followed by the hydrolysis of solketal moieties catalysed by acid zeolites in either scCO2 or sponge-like ILs.
Synchrotron micro-XRD and micro-XRD-CT reveal newly formed lead–sulfur compounds in Old Master paintings
Authors: Gonzalez Victor , van Loon Annelies , WT Price Stephen , Noble Petria , Keune Katrien
Published: July 2020

Synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction micro-probes allow us to identify and map the distribution ofin situformed crystalline lead–sulfur compounds in historical paintings.
A cavity ion source for high-ionization efficiency neodymium isotope-ratio analyses in the geosciences
Authors: Reimink Jesse R. , Carlson Richard W. , Mock Timothy D.
Published: July 2020

Precision in Nd isotope ratios measurements is dominated by the number of ions counted. We show that cavity ion sources can provide ion beams capable of producing much more precise Nd isotope data.
Iron oxide nanoparticle incorporated cement mortar composite: correlation between physico-chemical and physico-mechanical properties
Authors: Valizadeh Kiamahalleh Mohammad , Alishah Abbas , Yousefi Fereshteh , Hojjati Astani Saeid , Gholampour Aliakbar , Valizadeh Kiamahalleh Meisam
Published: July 2020

Incorporation of iron oxide nanoparticles into cement mortar composites enhances the formation of hydration products and the physico-mechanical performances of the composite construct.
Synthesis, structure and photoluminescence properties of three copper(i) iodide based inorganic–organic hybrid structures with pyrazine derivatives
Authors: Xu Chanchan , Lv Le , Luo Dawei , Liu Wei
Published: July 2020

By using pyrazine derivatives, three different types of copper(i) iodide based inorganic–organic hybrid structures have been prepared.
Functionalised carbazole as a cathode for high voltage non-aqueous organic redox flow batteries
Authors: Mirle Chinmaya R. , M. Raja , P. Vasudevarao , S. Sankararaman , R. Kothandaraman
Published: July 2020

Prospective high reduction potential cathode materials have been proposed that can be used in non-aqueous redox flow battery applications.
Pictet–Spengler condensations using 4-(2-aminoethyl)coumarins
Authors: Sviripa Vitaliy M. , Fiandalo Michael V. , Begley Kristin L. , Wyrebek Przemyslaw , Kril Liliia M. , Balia Andrii G. , Parkin Sean R. , Subramanian Vivekanandan , Chen Xi , Williams Alexander H. , Zhan Chang-Guo , Liu Chunming , Mohler James L. , Watt David S.
Published: July 2020

Amino-substituted coumarins undergo Pictet–Spengler condensations with 3-ketosteroids to afford spirocyclic androgens for the study 17-oxidoreductases for intracrine, androgen metabolism.
Investigation of and mechanism proposal for solvothermal reaction between sodium and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine as the first step towards nitrogen-doped graphenic foam synthesis
Authors: Moumaneix Lilian , Parra Jenifer Guerrero , Fontana Sébastien , Lapicque François , Hérold Claire
Published: July 2020

Solvothermal reaction involving 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine and sodium: a promising step in the synthesis of high surface area N-doped graphenic materials.
Evaluation of dopant energy and Stokes shift in Cu-doped CdS quantum dots via spectro-electrochemical probing
Authors: Yadav Amar Nath , Singh Ashwani Kumar , Chauhan Deepika , Solanki Pratima R. , Kumar Pramod , Singh Kedar
Published: July 2020

Copper (Cu) doped II–VI semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) manifest high luminescent dopant emission with excellent tunability.
The development of an ultra-sensitive electrochemical immunosensor using a PPyr-NHS functionalized disposable ITO sheet for the detection of interleukin 6 in real human serums
Authors: Aydın Elif Burcu , Aydın Muhammet , Sezgintürk Mustafa Kemal
Published: July 2020

A label-free biosensor based on poly(pyrrole N-hydroxy succinimide) polymer modified ITO electrode was developed for sensitive detection of interleukin 6 antigen. Under optimized conditions, it had a wide detection range (0.03–22.5 pg mL−1).
Cu/TCH-pr@SBA-15 nano-composite: a new organometallic catalyst for facile three-component synthesis of 4-arylidene-isoxazolidinones
Authors: Kalhor Mehdi , Sajjadi Seyed Mehdi , Dadras Akbar
Published: July 2020

A copper complex supported on SBA-15 nanoparticles (Cu/TCH-pr@SBA-15) was synthesized by the post-synthesis modification of mesoporous silica with (OEt)3Si-(CH2)3Cl and thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) and subsequent metal–ligand coordination with Cu(ii).
Vibrational spectrum derived from local mechanical response in disordered solids
Authors: Shimada Masanari , Mizuno Hideyuki , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: July 2020

The low-frequency vibrations of glasses are markedly different from those of crystals.
Is the von Mises criterion generally applicable to soft solids?
Authors: Sica Luiz U. R. , de Souza Mendes Paulo R. , Thompson Roney L.
Published: July 2020

Traction and compression experiments were performed with yield stress materials, to determine their yielding points and then check if the von Mises criterion is applicable. All the materials were shown not to yield according to this criterion.
α-Bi2Sn2O7: a potential room temperature n-type oxide thermoelectric
Authors: Rahim Warda , Skelton Jonathan M. , Scanlon David O.
Published: July 2020

Using ab initio methods, we predict α-Bi2Sn2O7 to have an ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity at room temperature due to the high density of phonon scattering events, which makes it a potential earth-abundant n-type low temperature thermoelectric.
Enhanced performance of supercapacitors by constructing a “mini parallel-plate capacitor” in an electrode with high dielectric constant materials
Authors: Tu Huayao , Wang Shouzhi , Jiang Hehe , Liang Zhenyan , Shi Dong , Shao Yongliang , Shen Jianxing , Wu Yongzhong , Hao Xiaopeng
Published: July 2020

The carbon fiber/metal oxide/metal oxynitride layer sandwich structure is constructed in the electrode to form a mini-plate capacitor. High dielectric constant metal oxides act as dielectric to increase their capacitance.
A temperature gradient-induced directional growth of a perovskite film
Authors: Hao Lianzheng , Li Zhipeng , Wang Li , Liu Ranran , Shao Zhipeng , Zhou Zhongmin , Guo Xin , Cui Guanglei , Liu Shengzhong Frank , Pang Shuping
Published: July 2020

A temperature gradient was constructed in the MA gas healing method to realize directional growth of the perovskite films.
Controllable synthesis of layered K0.296Mn0.926O2 to assemble 2.4 V aqueous potassium-ion supercapacitors for double high devices
Authors: Wei Xijun , Zhang Bin , Liao Minhui , Xiao Peng , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Zhang Yunhuai , Liu Jiangtao
Published: July 2020

The layered K0.296Mn0.926O2 has been successfully prepared and its excellent electrochemical properties have been proved by experiments and calculations.
Long-term stable and highly efficient perovskite solar cells with a formamidinium chloride (FACl) additive
Authors: You Shuai , Xi Xiaoyan , Zhang Xin , Wang Hanying , Gao Pingqiang , Ma Xiangrong , Bi Shiqing , Zhang Jianqi , Zhou Huiqiong , Wei Zhixiang
Published: July 2020

Although the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached 25.2%, control of the crystallization process and its impact on film quality is still one of the main challenges.
2D surface induced self-assembly of Pd nanocrystals into nanostrings for enhanced formic acid electrooxidation
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Xia Rong , Su Yaqiong , Zou Yichao , Hu Chengyi , Yin Geping , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Ma Xinbin , Lin Yuehe
Published: July 2020

During the reduction of two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide, Pd nanoparticles are reorganized into Pd nanostrings, which exhibit significantly enhanced electrocatalytic stability and activity for formic acid oxidation.
Visualizing mitochondria and mouse intestine with a fluorescent complex of a naphthalene-based dipolar dye and serum albumin
Authors: An Jong Min , Moon Heejo , Kim Yejin , Kang Sangrim , Kim Youngseo , Jung Yuna , Park Sungnam , Verwilst Peter , Kim B. Moon , Kang Jae Seung , Kim Dokyoung
Published: July 2020

A fluorophore–protein complex for the visualization of mitochondria and the mouse intestine was developed. The complex formation of a naphthalene-based dipolar dye and serum albumin was identified and its imaging applications were investigated.
Recent advances of polyoxometalates in multi-functional imaging and photothermal therapy
Authors: Kong Xueping , Wan Guofeng , Li Bao , Wu Lixin
Published: July 2020

The recent advances of polyoxometalate clusters in terms of near infrared photothermal properties for targeted tumor therapy have been summarized while the combined applications with various bio-imaging techniques and chemotherapies are reviewed.
Supramolecular oligourethane gel as a highly selective fluorescent “on–off–on” sensor for ions
Authors: Feng Yulin , Jiang Nan , Zhu Dongxia , Su Zhongmin , Bryce Martin R.
Published: July 2020

An AIE-active oligourethane gel was designed and synthesized, and it was demonstrated that the gel is a highly-selective and reversible sensor for Fe3+, HSO4− and F− ions.
Large magnetocaloric effect in gadolinium borotungstate Gd3BWO9
Authors: Yang Ziyu , Zhang Huihui , Bai Mingjun , Li Wei , Huang Shaolong , Ruan Shuangchen , Zeng Yu-Jia
Published: July 2020

A potential solid-state magnetic cooling candidate Gd3BWO9is proposed, which shows an exceptionally large magnetocaloric effect.
Stretchable transparent conductive elastomers for skin-integrated electronics
Authors: Gao Zhan , Yiu Chunki , Liu Yiming , Li Dengfeng , Mei Liang , Zeng Zhiyuan , Yu Xinge
Published: July 2020

Electrodes with good mechanical and electrical properties serve as the key component for realizing high-performance flexible electronics.
Single-crystal perovskite detectors: development and perspectives
Authors: Sun Li , Li Wei , Zhu Wei , Chen Zhaolai
Published: July 2020

This review paper provides an overview of recent development in detectors based on perovskite single crystals and the challenges they pose.
The Use of Structural Priming and Focused Recasts to Facilitate the Production of Subject- and Object-Focused Relative Clauses by School-Age Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Wada Rebekah , Gillam Sandra Laing , Gillam Ronald B.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of structural priming combined with a focused recasting procedure to elicit subject- and object-focused, center-embedded relative clauses from students with developmental language disorders (DLDs) and typically developing (TD) students.

Method

A total of 26 children (13 DLD, 13 TD), ranging in age from 6;10 to 10;11 (years;months), participated in this study. All children completed a priming and recasting task that targeted subject- and object-focused relatives. The stimuli were presented in two blocks, which each contained 40 trials for each sentence type.

Results

Children with DLD and their TD peers were significantly more accurate producing subject-focused than object-focused relatives. An analysis of rate of learning indicated that significantly more trials were required for subjects in the DLD group to demonstrate consistent performance on both subject- and object-focused relatives.

Conclusions

The study supports the feasibility of combining an implicit priming task with an explicit recasting task for teaching subject-focused relative clauses to children with DLD. However, it is likely that additional instruction and/or more trials will be necessary for children with DLD to attain consistent performance levels.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12670847
Part of Speech Production in Patients With Primary Progressive Aphasia: An Analysis Based on Natural Language Processing
Authors: Themistocleous Charalambos , Webster Kimberly , Afthinos Alexandros , Tsapkini Kyrana
Published: July 2020

Background

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive decline of language functions. Its symptoms are grouped into three PPA variants: nonfluent PPA, logopenic PPA, and semantic PPA. Grammatical deficiencies differ depending on the PPA variant.

Aims

This study aims to determine the differences between PPA variants with respect to part of speech (POS) production and to identify morphological markers that classify PPA variants using machine learning. By fulfilling these aims, the overarching goal is to provide objective measures that can facilitate clinical diagnosis, evaluation, and prognosis.

Method and Procedure

Connected speech productions from PPA patients produced in a picture description task were transcribed, and the POS class of each word was estimated using natural language processing, namely, POS tagging. We then implemented a twofold analysis: (a) linear regression to determine how patients with nonfluent PPA, semantic PPA, and logopenic PPA variants differ in their POS productions and (b) a supervised classification analysis based on POS using machine learning models (i.e., random forests, decision trees, and support vector machines) to subtype PPA variants and generate feature importance (FI).

Outcome and Results

Using an automated analysis of a short picture description task, this study showed that content versus function words can distinguish patients with nonfluent PPA, semantic PPA, and logopenic PPA variants. Verbs were less important as distinguishing features of patients with different PPA variants than earlier thought. Finally, the study showed that among the most important distinguishing features of PPA variants were elaborative speech elements, such as adjectives and adverbs.