bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and Application of Grain Refining Technology in Casting Processes
Authors: Ma Li
Published: December 2024

Grain refining technology plays a significant role in enhancing the mechanical properties, improving material quality, and increasing the durability of castings during the casting process. This paper mainly discusses the theoretical foundation of grain refining, influencing factors, and its application in the casting process. The core mechanism of grain refining is to promote the formation of crystal nuclei and suppress excessive grain growth, thereby achieving precise control of grain size. Studies indicate that refining agents (such as rare earth elements, titanium, boron, etc.), cooling rate, and alloy composition are key factors that affect the grain refining effect. With the control of cooling rate, optimization of alloy composition, and the use of external refining agents, grain refining technology has been widely applied in the casting of materials such as aluminum alloys and steel alloys. In the future, with the development of new materials and intelligent manufacturing technologies, grain refining technology will play an even more crucial role in the production of high-performance castings.
OLTIN VA MIS TARKIBLI RUDALARNI KOMPLEKS QAYTA ISHLASH TEXNOLOGIYASINI TADQIQ QILISH
Authors:   Texnika fanlari bo‘yicha falsafa doktori (PhD), Navoiy davlat konchilik va texnologiya universiteti, Navoiy, Oʻzbekiston, Sirojov Talant Tolibovich , Sayfullayev Farruxjon Ibodovich ,   Navoiy davlat konchilik va texnologiya universiteti assistenti, Navoiy, Oʻzbekiston, Qurbonov Mehrob Nuriddinovich ,   Navoiy davlat konchilik va texnologiya universiteti assistenti, Navoiy, Oʻzbekiston, Yuldosheva Shahriyona Jamoliddinqizi ,   Navoiy davlat konchilik va texnologiya universiteti talabasi, Navoiy, Oʻzbekiston
Published: December 2024

Oltin (Au) va mis (Cu) tarkibli rudalar sanoatdagi muhim tabiiy resurslardan biridir. Ularni samarali qayta ishlash uchun ilg‘or metodlar, jumladan, sianli tanlab eritish va bakterial oksidlash jarayonlari keng qo‘llaniladi. Ushbu maqolada oltin va mis tarkibli rudalarni kompleks qayta ishlashda sianli tanlab eritish va bakterial oksidlashning samaradorligi o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqotlar natijasida bu jarayonlarning o‘zaro ta’siri va kombinatsiyasining qimmatbaho metallarni ajratib olishdagi samaradorligini oshirishi aniqlandi. Shu bilan birga, ekologik xavflarni kamaytirish va qayta ishlash samaradorligini yaxshilash uchun yangi biotexnologik yondashuvlar taklif qilinmoqda.
The Impact of IT-enabled CRM Systems on Sales Performance, Customer Satisfaction, and Loyalty: A Holistic Examination in Contemporary Organizations.
Authors: Sikder Abu Sayed , Islam Jahedul
Published: December 2024

This research delves into the comprehensive examination of the impact of IT-enabled Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems on vital organizational metrics—sales performance, customer satisfaction, and loyalty—within contemporary business settings. Identifying critical research gaps, the study emphasizes the need for extended investigations into the long-term effects and sustainability of these systems, the influence of employee adoption and training, and the paramount concern of customer data security and privacy. Employing a mixed-methods approach involving 350 interviews and market analysis, the research aimed to assess the influence of CRM systems on key performance indicators. A comparative analysis between customer satisfaction levels at a Super Mall without CRM and Coles Super Mall utilizing CRM revealed notable variations, pinpointing areas for improvement. Furthermore, industry trend analysis highlighted the dominance of Service and IT sectors, signaling potential areas for impactful CRM implementation. By identifying challenges impeding the complete utilization of CRM systems, this study aims to streamline processes and improve system efficiency. Delineation of mechanisms underscored how CRM systems facilitate personalized interactions, improved service, targeted marketing, and enhanced customer retention, all crucial for driving sales performance and loyalty. The research findings cemented a positive correlation between CRM adoption and enhanced organizational outcomes, solidifying the centrality of customer satisfaction in fostering enduring customer relationships. This research provides valuable insights for organizations seeking to leverage CRM systems effectively to elevate their performance in contemporary business landscapes.
TEACHER CLASS MANAGEMENT ABILITY IN IMPROVING SCHOOL QUALITY
Authors: Sabaruddin Sabaruddin , Siregar Muhammad Sapril
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of teachers in managing the classroom to improve quality. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are: interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques with data reduction, displaying data, drawing conclusions and verification. The subjects of this study were 1 principal and 15 BP2IP teachers at Malahayati School Aceh. Based on the results of the study, it is known that: the leadership of the principal and the ability of teacher class management in improving the quality of BP2IP Malahayati Aceh's schools has been going well, although not optimally. There are still shortcomings that must be corrected by the BP2IP Malahayati Aceh School Teacher.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA MELALUI KEPUASAN KERJA PEGAWAI BP2IP TANGERANG
Authors: Harahap Romulo Edison , Nurika Yohanna
Published: December 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh antara empat konstruk yaitu, iklim psikologis, gaya kepemimpinan, kepuasan kerja karyawan dan kinerja. Penelitian ini menyelidiki pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan pada kinerja melalui kepuasan karyawan, yang bertindak sebagai variabel mediator. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang terisi dan dapat dianalisis untuk mengumpulkan data. Data dikumpulkan dari 84 karyawan di BP2IP Tangerang yang menanggapi pertanyaan tentang lingkungan kerja mereka dan dirasakan kepemimpinan. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah The Statistical Package for Social Sains versi 10.0 (SPSS 10.0) dan Analisis Struktur Momen (AMOS 4.0) digunakan untuk menganalisis dala. Analisis statistik termasuk pengukuran dan model persamaan struktural (SEM). Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa semua variabel bertanda positif bahwa kepuasan kerja merupakan gaya kepemimpinan sebagai prediktor dan kinerja sebagai kriteria.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CADETS INNOVATION CREATION CORNER IN INCREASING CADETS’ SPEAKING ABILITY
Authors: Siregar Muhammad Sapril , Kusturi Nanda Afra , Hartati Diah Vitaloka
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to figure out cadets responses toward the implementation of Cadets Innovation Creation Corner in increasing cadets speaking ability. The cadet corner is a place and activities for cadets to practice their speaking English based on their respective majors. The place includes nautical, engineering and electrical class. The activities that they do they will try to make a creation based on their major and try to explain it in English. The goal is that they get used to explaining the tools they use on the ship according to their field. this makes them accustomed to speaking in English and remembering vocabulary, working methods and tools they often use. The qualitative method was used to collect the data. The sample was the second-grade cadets of Merchant Marine Polytechnic of Malahayati, which consisted of 22 cadets. The open-ended questionnaire was distributed as the instrument for collecting the data. It consists of three questions that relate to cadets opinions on this strategy. The data was analyzed by using an interactive model. The result of this study indicated that there were positive responses of the cadets toward English Cadets Corner activity implementation in increasing their speaking ability. Most cadets consider this strategy was beneficial in supporting their speaking in English. The cadets opinions were categorized into agree and disagree group participants. The implementation of English cadets corner activities was very useful in increasing cadets speaking ability in English, especially about their major. Therefore, the other university could also use this strategy to support the cadets’ speaking ability in other genres of English.
RETURN CARGO HANDLING OF BULK UREA FERTILIZER AT KM ABUSAMAH PALEMBANG-BANYUWANGI ROUTE BELONGING TO PT PUPUK INDONESIA LOGISTIK
Authors: Kurnia Widha , Selasdini Vidya , Zakiah Diah
Published: December 2024

Pupuk Indonesia Logistik serves various activities that support shipping activities. In running its commercial business in sea transportation services, PT Pupuk Indonesia Logistik has nine ships, and one of them is KM Abusamah. PT Pupuk Indonesia Logistik encountered obstacles during unloading. These happened when KM Abusamah on Voyage 5 transported bulk urea fertilizer belonging to PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang, sailing from Tanjung Buyut Port in Palembang to Banyuwangi Port. However, when the unloading took place on April 21, 2021, the KRI Nanggala 402 accident occurred, which lost contact in the northern waters of Bali, thus hampering the unloading process. The purpose of the study was to identify the causes of return cargo at KM Abusamah, to know how to handle the return cargo of 124,893 MT of bulk urea fertilizer, and to know the responsibilities of the shipper, carrier, and consignee. This research aims to identify the cause of return cargo on KM Abusamah. The data analysis technique used is the descriptive analysis of fishbone diagrams with the application of 4M, namely Man, Method, Material, and Machine. The data was obtained through documentation, literature study, and interviews. The causes of cargo returns were maintenance activities and the KRI Nanggala 402 accident. How to handle cargo returns by bringing the cargo back to the port of origin and transporting it for the next voyage.
Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding antibiotics misuse among attendants of primary health care centers / descriptive cross-section study in Basra center
Authors: Khaleel Fatema , Shwaish Ziyad , Habeeb Raya
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background: Antibiotics are the communal drugs used in developing countries. The irrational use of antibiotics (Abs) is a huge problem on the national health care system which lead to development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding misuse of antibiotics by attendants of primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Basra center and studying the factors contributing to this problem.
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 20 out of 40 PHCCs in 1st, 2nd and 3rd sectors of PHC in Basra city center /Iraq between 1st of February and the 31st of July 2023.The target population was attendants of PHCCs, then the collected data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program version 26.
Results: Data of the study showed a relatively good knowledge score 77.71% regarding the proper use of Abs and AMR for the participants. 90% of the participants knew about side effects of Abs. 76.29% of the participants in the study showed good attitude about the problem of AMR and risk factors leading to it, however 2.29% of the participants had good practice which was a very low percentage and these results caused by many factors related to the persons themselves, sociodemographic features, doctors-patients and pharmacists-patients relationships, the results of current study showed that 25.7% of participants using self-prescription strategy in using of Abs.
Conclusions: - Final results of statistical analysis of data collected in this study showed a relatively good knowledge about the uses of Abs and good attitude regarding misuse of Abs and risk of AMR, but despite of that there was a higher percent of bad behaviors and unproper usage of these medications. Age and educational level had strongest effects on the degree of knowledge, believes and behaviors. Despite of high percent of information sources was from educational programs in health care institutes, but some of them need to increase works on the methods of health education strategies.
Keywords: knowledge, attitude, practice, antibiotics, misuse, primary health care (PHC), Basra city, Iraq
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Facial Cosmetic Procedure Among Females in Karbala Governorate,2022-2023
Authors: Sameer Yusur
Published: December 2024

Background: The number of female cosmetic procedures performed in Iraq has
increased significantly. Both surgical and non-surgical procedures are referred to as
cosmetic procedures. For example, rhinoplasty, surgical face-lift, blepharoplasty and
others, referred to surgical procedures. In contrast, dermal filler, Botox and other minimal
invasive cosmetic procedures refer to as non-surgical procedures. this study
aimed to determine knowledge, attitude and practice of facial cosmetic procedures
among females in Karbala Governorate, 2022-2023.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with 315 participants who were 18 years
old and above was done in Karbala city. Two categories were used as sample
sources (college students and teachers) using self-administered questionnaire. The
statistical analysis was performed using (SPSS 23.0 for Windows). Significance level was
considered when p-value is less than 0.05.
Results: the findings indicate a higher percentage (98.7%) of the study participants have
heard about facial cosmetic procedures and the main information source was the social
They reported that Filler, Rhinoplasty and Botox were the main three types of
facial cosmetic procedures available in Karbala city. Two thirds of the participants
agreed that low self-esteem makes people to undergo facial cosmetic procedure.
Personal desire was the primary source of motivation to undergone facial cosmetic
 
Conclusions: About (86.6%) of the participants had good knowledge and only
(12.4%) of them had negative attitude whereas (76.2%) and (11.4%) had neutral and
positive attitude.
The Use of The Internet in Learning by Islamic School Teachers
Authors: Sunarti Sri
Published: December 2024

The Internet is relatively easy because it has become part of the work routine in all fields, especially education. The Internet allows teachers to deliver lesson material more easily and quickly, making learning more accessible and enjoyable. This research aims to determine the ability of Islamic school teachers to use the Internet in learning. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method by distributing some questionnaires about using the Internet in learning, totalling 22 questions. The research results show that around 17% of madrasah teachers strongly agree with using the Internet, more than 50% of teachers state agree, 20% disagree, and only 3% strongly disagree. This means that some Islamic school teachers need to gain competence in using the Internet, and most Islamic school teachers use it in the learning process as part of the learning resources because of their competence.
Islamic Education Management Paradigm and Dynamics of Contemporary Education in the Era of Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Hariyanti R A Mustika , Apriansyah Agus , Namiri Zaiyad , Pahrudin Agus
Published: December 2024

The research aims to analyze the management paradigm of Islamic education and the dynamics of contemporary education in the era of the kurikulum merdeka so that it can transform and have attitudes and behavior that can compete, be creative, and innovative while still referring to Islamic education. The research method uses qualitative research, with the type of research being a case study. Data was obtained through surveys and observations, which were then described naturally by researchers. Data analysis was carried out using inductive data analysis. Data analysis was carried out through 3 stages: data reduction, data presentation, and data conclusion. Research findings show that Islamic schools embody a new paradigm for successful Islamic education management. With merdeka belajar, learning is accessible and unbound, which moves students to develop their full potential to achieve intellectual, moral, and other skills. Independence is given to students with direction and guidance from the teacher. Freedom to learn from an Islamic perspective is an internal process that moves students to use all their natural, cognitive, affective, and psychomotor potential independently to become human beings who have various intellectual capabilities, skills, and morals, carrying out the mission of rahmatan lil a'lamin to worship Allah SWT.
Ideal EduTech Model based on Qur’anic Perspective (Implementation at The Center for Education and Training of Administrative)
Authors: Kusriyah Siti
Published: December 2024

This Qur’an-based ideal Edutech model research aims to identify the best studies and practices in facilitating learning and improving work performances by creating, using, and managing processes and proper technologies. The research used a qualitative descriptive method as the research method. As for the Qur’anic interpretation method, at-Tafsir al Maudhu’i (thematic interpretation) was used since it is considered capable of addressing contemporary issues and providing a comprehensive perspective of the Qur’an in solving problems that continue to emerge along with the times. The results of satisfaction evaluation and measurement of training participants in 2023 scored 89,56 signifying the improvement after the implementation of Edutech. It showed, through the library research, several ideal models of the implementation of the Qur’an based Education Technology, such as prophet Yusuf model in the implementation of the resilience of Pusdiklat Tenaga Administrasi (The Center for Education and Training of Administrative Staff), and the Quran-based ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). The advantage of this research lies in Quran-based Edutech, as many verses of the Quran encourage the implementation of innovation and creativity by utilizing technology in education.
The Effective Methods for Analyzing and Interpreting Data in Classroom Action Research
Authors: Rahmadani  , Bakri Zainal
Published: December 2024

Educators widely use Classroom Action Research (C.A.R.) to improve teaching quality. In its process, effectively analyzing and interpreting data becomes crucial to generating valid and relevant findings. However, many teachers still need help with analyzing and interpreting C.A.R. data. This article discusses practical ways to analyze and interpret C.A.R. data so teachers can better understand it. The method used in this research is qualitative with descriptive analysis. The results from the literature review and examination of C.A.R. reports show several C.A.R. data collection techniques, including interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documentation. Meanwhile, interviews with teachers who have conducted C.A.R. revealed that C.A.R. data analysis techniques are divided into two types: quantitative data analysis and qualitative data analysis. Every piece of data analyzed requires interpretation to understand the obtained data properly. Applying appropriate strategies in managing C.A.R. data can lead to more accurate and applicable interpretations. This can support more effective decision-making as part of efforts to improve learning. The implication of this study is the development of a practical guide, complete with examples, for conducting C.A.R. data analysis and interpretation, which teachers and other education practitioners can use.
Influencia de la cultura organizacional en el desempeño corporativo a la luz de investigaciones recientes
Authors: Chamorro-Quiñónez Joshelyn Germania , Morán-Villamarín Edwin Daniel , Proaño-González Esther Angelica
Published: December 2024

The study examines the influence of organizational culture on corporate performance, placing the issue in the current context where it is recognized that shared values and norms strengthen employee commitment and motivation. This paper aims to identify how different types of organizational culture, such as innovation, collaboration, control and results orientation, impact performance, commitment and talent retention in corporate environments. Through an exploratory document review, recent studies from databases such as Scopus and Web of Science are compiled and analyzed, applying a qualitative approach to synthesize patterns and key factors. The findings indicate that a strong culture contributes significantly to job satisfaction, reduces turnover and facilitates alignment with the organization's strategic objectives. In the discussion, it is highlighted that, despite the benefits, factors such as resistance to change and inconsistency in values represent obstacles that must be managed through effective and consistent leadership. In conclusion, a well-structured organizational culture is essential for organizational success and sustainability, as it fosters a collaborative, resilient and results-focused work environment.
Investigation of Borated Polyethylene as a Neutron Shielding Material using Monte Carlo Simulation Code
Authors: Abdulrazaq Ahmad , Joseph Emmanuel , Ibrahim Nura
Published: December 2024

The use of neutron shielding materials is essential in nuclear reactors to ensure safety and minimize radiation exposure. Conventional materials like lead and concrete pose environmental concerns, leading to the need for more sustainable alternatives. In this study, we have investigated the usage of borated polyethylene as an eco-friendly neutron shielding material using the Monte Carlo simulation code, FLUKA. Borated polyethylene slabs of varying thicknesses were evaluated for neutron attenuation, focusing on key parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient, mean free path, and half-value layer (HVL). Simulation results showed that borated polyethylene achieved a mass attenuation coefficient of 0.150 cm²/g at 0.025 MeV, which is 25% higher than that of conventional concrete. The mean free path for thermal neutrons was 6.67 cm, while the half-value layer was 3.34 cm, indicating effective neutron shielding, especially for thermal neutrons. Increased material thickness led to significant reductions in neutron fluence and transmission, with neutron fluence reduced to 5.0E+5 n/cm² at 15 cm thickness. These findings suggest that borated polyethylene is highly effective in attenuating neutron radiation and offers a more sustainable alternative to traditional materials.
Search for Isotopic Anomalies in Alchemical Silver Coins from the Germanischen National Museum in Nuremberg
Authors: Bottollier-Curtet Hervé , Koberl Oliver Koberl Oliver , Combarieu Robert , Biberian Jean-Paul
Published: December 2024

We analyzed six silver coins of supposedly alchemical origin. They were manufactured during the 17th and 18th centuries, and kept in the Germanischen National Museum in Nuremberg in Germany. We did both nondestructive chemical and isotopic analysis. Silver has two stable isotopes, and our measurements indicate that the silver of all the coins have natural isotopic composition. We conclude that the silver contained in these coins is not of artificial origin. This does not prove that alchemists did not succeed in transmuting metals, but we have shown that the silver of these six coins is most likely of natural origin.
Study on the Phenomenon Reported “Neutron Generation at Room Temperature in a Cylinder Packed with Titanium Shavings and Pressurized Deuterium Gas”
Authors: Asami Takayoshi
Published: December 2024

This paper describes the analysis and study of the neutron generation experiment performed under pressurized and/or evacuated conditions between room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature, using titanium shavings and deuterium gas packed in a cylinder. To clarify the mechanism of this phenomenon, the author has studied the experiment taking into account the characteristics of the phase equilibrium, the metal crystal construction, the theory of chemical bond and the first principle molecular orbital calculation. From the result of this study, it seems that the same phenomenon will happen in a similar experiment performed using another electron deficient metal with a suitable crystal construction.
Local Approximation for the Lossy Spin–boson Model
Authors: Hagelstein Peter L. , Chaudhary Irfan U.
Published: December 2024

We are interested in the problem of coherent energy exchange in the spin-boson model augmented with loss, in the limit of infinite loss. This model is interesting because it predicts rapid coherent energy exchange under conditions when the transition energy of the two-level systems is much greater than the characteristic energy of the oscillator. Here we introduce the local approximation, in which we assume that the matrix elements change little when an energy exchange event occurs. This approximation results in a periodic system when a resonance condition is satisfied, which is much easier to solve than the original problem. We consider a model problem where we analyze the self-energy and indirect coupling matrix elements numerically and in the local approximation, with good agreement. Systematic results from the local approximation are obtained for the self-energy and indirect coupling matrix elements in models where 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 quanta are exchanged.
More Evidence of Microscopic Ball Lightning (Plasmoids) in CF
Authors: Lewis Edward
Published: December 2024

The traces and marks of micrometer-sized plasmoids have been found in many transmutation and cold fusion experiments. This author has counted about 12 groups that have published photographs that show such microscopic markings on their electrodes, experimental apparatus, X-ray films, or particle track-detecting nuclear emulsions. Twenty years ago, this author proposed a theory that these objects will be commonly produced in these kinds of devices. A survey article of such markings and traces exhibited in various experiments from the year 2000 to 2007 was published in this journal in 2009. In it, the author compared the markings to those previously detected by T. Matsumoto and K. Shoulders. In this letter, markings and features that were published more recently by Mosier-Boss et al. and Adamenko et al. are described. The author believes that this kind of highly anomalous microscopic plasmoid is similar to macroscopic natural ball lightning and so calls these objects “microscopic ball lightning.” The author proposes that more focus on investigating these objects will greatly enhance the researchers’ understanding of the processes involved in atomic transmutations.
An Explanation of Low-energy Nuclear Reactions (Cold Fusion)
Authors: Storms Edmund
Published: December 2024

A plausible nuclear-active-environment in which Low-energy Nuclear Reaction (LENR) occurs is identified by ruling out various possibilities and by identifying an environment that is common to all successful methods. When this environment is combined with a plausible mechanism, many testable predictions result. These insights and proposals are offered to help clarify understanding of LENR and to suggest future studies. The common environment in which LENR occurs is proposed to be cracks of a critical size, followed by a resonance process that dissipates energy by X-ray emission based on a laser-like process. The LENR behavior has the potential to test the Standard Model of nuclear interaction.
Protocol for a Silicate-based LENR Using Electrodes of Various Metals
Authors: Roarty Brian P. , Walker Carol J.
Published: December 2024

This paper reports a protocol that consists of applying concurrent electronic and photonic stimuli in a cell with two or more electrodes at or near the boiling point of the liquid. The liquid in the cell is a solution including a silicate, a lithium salt, and a surfactant. The electrical stimuli are RF signals and, optionally, a direct current. The protocol generates an exothermic reaction characterized by sharp temperature transients. We have successfully used three different silicates and four different metals for electrodes. We believe the exothermic reaction is nuclear in nature. The evidence supporting that statement includes: Data logs show brief, intense temperature transients. Electron diffraction scattering (EDS) analyses show elements to be present after the reaction that could be transmutation products of several elements in the ingredients of the protocol, specifically including silver, a possible transmutation product of palladium. Auger analysis of one experiment also shows evidence of transmutation of the elements in the reaction cell. SEM photos show “volcanic sites” and other evidence of metal migration. Other SEM photos show large areas where electrodes have spalled during experiments.
Destruction of Radioactivity by Stimulation of Nuclear Transmutation Reactions
Authors: Bernstein L. A.
Published: December 2024

Modern science considers properties of radioactive decay as intrinsic characteristics of each isotope that cannot be affected by changes in the surroundings. Here, we present an approach for stimulation of nuclear transmutation reactions leading to accelerated destruction of radioactive isotopes that allows expedited disposal of radioactive materials.
Measurement Artifacts in Gas-loading Experiments
Authors: Dmitriyeva O. , Cantwell R. , Moddel G.
Published: December 2024

Numerous reports on gas loading of hydrogen isotope into powdered materials indicate excess heat generation that could be the result of a low energy nuclear reaction (LENR). When the amount of generated heat is small, it is important to characterize the calorimeter to account for possible measurement errors, or artifacts, which can result in long-term apparent excess heat. In this paper we investigate one of those possible measurement artifacts applicable to the gas loading systems that (1) use thermometry as a proxy for energy flow measurements, and (2) run at elevated temperatures. When loading gas into Pd-impregnated alumina, we have found that thermal gradients inside the system result in apparent heating or cooling of the measuring system. We experimentally magnified this effect and confirmed that it was due to temperature nonuniformity inside the calorimetric system. We quantified the effect using a numerical simulation tool to show that a temperature gradient as small as 0.5 K/m might result in 50 mW of apparent excess heat “generation”. We suggest a simple approach for investigators to account for this measurement artifact by calibrating their systems with helium gas either prior to, or at the end of, the experimental sequence.
Deep-electron Orbits in Cold Fusion
Authors: Meulenberg A. , Sinha K. P.
Published: December 2024

The lochon models of cold fusion, among others, propose deep-energy electrons as necessary for low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR). Relativistic Schrodinger equations, e.g., the Klein–Gordon (K–G) and Dirac equations, have ‘irregular’ solutions that predict such levels at ∼500 keV. The basis for such a level and its implications are presented.
Co-deposition of Palladium and other Transition Metals in H2O and D2O Solutions
Authors: Miles Melvin H.
Published: December 2024

The co-deposition of palladium, ruthenium, rhenium, nickel, and iridium were investigated in H2O and D2O ammonia systems (NH4Cl/NH3). Significant amounts of excess power were observed only in the deuterated Pd/D2O system. There was no anomalous excess power observed for the co-deposition of ruthenium, rhenium or nickel in any H2O or D2O experiment.
Detection of Pr in Cs Ion-implanted Pd/CaO Multilayer Complexes with and without D2 Gas Permeation
Authors: Takahashi Naoko , Kosaka Satoru , Motohiro Tomoyoshi
Published: December 2024

Iwamura-type nuclear transmutation, 133Cs→141Pr, with D2 permeation through Pd/CaO multilayer complexes, was examined. Using ICP-MS, the amounts of Pr were measured in the range 1010atoms/cm2. The amounts of Pr measured in D2 permeated samples were larger than samples that were not permeated.
On the Mechanism of Tritium Production in Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Szpak Stanislaw , Gordon Frank
Published: December 2024

An electron capture reaction e− + d+ → 2n followed by deuteron to triton transmutation, the n + d+ → t+ reaction, is judged to be the prime reaction in polarized Pd/D–D2O system . Supporting evidence for the proposed mechanism is interpreted and discussed in terms arising from the content and meaning of chemical and nuclear reactions occurring in condensed matter.
Sonofusion: Ultrasound-Activated He Production in Circulating D2O
Authors: Stringham Roger S.
Published: December 2024

Experiments over the last 25 years have demonstrated sonofusion: the formation of He by ultrasound incident on D2O. The observed effect is described. Neither the characteristic gamma nor the neutron typically seen in the formation from two deuterons of 4He and 3He, respectively, is observed. The experimental arrangement is specified. A proposed model, based on cavitation-produced z-pinch jets in target-foil implants, is outlined. It involves formation in the implants of a BE condensate that provides the source of the deuterons and whose recoil ensures energy-momentum conservation. The model accounts for all experimental results. It also provides a guide for future work on sonofusion.
Energetic Particles Generated in Earlier Pd + D Nuclear Reactions
Authors: Zhou D.Z. , Wang C. , Sun Y.Q. , Liang J.B. , Zhu G.W. , Forsley L.P.G. , Li X.Z. , Mosier-Boss P.A. , Gordon F.E.
Published: December 2024

Energy of low energy nuclear reactions (LENRs) is clean, cheap, sustainable and can solve all environmental problems. Linear Energy Transfer (LET) spectrum method using CR-39 detectors is the best method to investigate particles generated in LENRs. This paper introduces LET method and presents LET spectra and energy distributions for particles produced in Pd + D reactions obtained by re-analyzing the original data measured with CR-39 detectors by SPAWAR group using LET spectrum method.
Excess Power during Electrochemical Loading: Materials, Electrochemical Conditions and Techniques
Authors: Violante V. , Castagna E. , Lecci S. , Sarto F. , Sansovini M. , Makris T.D. , Torre A. , Knies D. , Kidwell D. , Grabowski K. , Dominguez D. , Hubler G. , Duncan R. , El Boher A. , Azizi O. , McKubre M. , La Gatta A.
Published: December 2024

The critical role of the electrode material characteristics in increasing the probability of observing excess power during electrochem- ical loading of palladium cathodes with deuterium is investigated, and excess power production obtained using palladium material with these identified characteristics is reported. Characterizations have been performed by using SEM and AFM microscopy as well as electrochemical analysis and XPS. The emerging scenario suggested by these results is that poor control in achieving the identified material status is reflected in the reproducibility of the excess heat phenomenon.
Piezonuclear Fission Reactions Simulated by the Lattice Model
Authors: Carpinteri A. , Manuello A. , Veneziano D. , Cook N.D.
Published: December 2024

Recent experiments conducted on natural rocks subjected to different mechanical loading conditions have shown energy emissions in the form of neutrons and anomalous chemical changes. In the present study, a numerical model is used to simulate the anomalous nuclear products according to the fission interpretation. Specifically, the reactions were simulated by means of a nuclear lattice model assuming that nucleons are ordered in an antiferromagnetic face-centered-cubic (fcc) array. The simulations indicate that small and middle-sized nuclei can be fractured along weakly bound planes of the lattice structure. It is argued that the simulations provide theoretical support for the experimentally-observed reactions and, moreover, that the probabilities calculated for various low-energy fissions can be used to explain the stepwise changes in the element abundances of the Earth’s crust, evolved from basaltic to sialic composition over geological time.
Celani’s Wire Excess Heat Effect Replication
Authors: Valat Mathieu , Hunt Ryan , Greenyer Bob
Published: December 2024

This paper describes progress made by the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project while attempting to replicate Celani’s experiments. Celani claimed to see consistent and reproducible excess heat generation results coming from treated constantan wires using different protocols. The design of the cell is described in detail, with attention to the choice of materials, the design geometry and operating conditions. Differences between the original experiment and later replications that improved believability are explored. Results and interpretations are discussed.
Equation of State and Fugacity Models for H2 and for D2
Authors: Hagelstein Peter L.
Published: December 2024

When Pd is in equilibrium with H2 or D2 in gas, the chemical potentials are equal, and this allows a determination of the chemical potential and other thermodynamic properties of palladium hydride and palladium deuteride. At high loading near room tempera- ture, the gas pressure must be very high, and an ideal gas law no longer applies. In this case a knowledge of the fugacity is required to interpret and understand the results. We examine empirical models for the equation of state and fugacity of H2 which are relevant to the high pressure regime of interest, including an old model of Holley et al (1958), and the more modern models of Spycher and Reed (1988), Tkacz and Litwiniuk (2002), and Joubert (2010). At high pressure the more recent models are best, but the model of Tkacz and Litwiniuk diverges from the ideal gas equation of state at low pressure, which leads to an offset in the fugacity. We examine the difference between the equation of states for H2 and D2 in recent models, and find that the small difference at high pressure in the models of Tkacz and Litwiniuk agree best with experiment, while the larger difference in the models of Joubert (2010) and Joubert and Thiebaut (2011) is probably not reliable. We examine the possibility of developing a difference correction for the fugacity theoretically. It may be possible to account accurately for the zero-point contribution; however, accounting for the difference in inter-molecular potentials due to the different degrees of rotational excitation requires the development of new potential models.
Impact of Electrical Avalanche through a ZrO2–NiD Nanostructured CF/LANR Component on its Incremental Excess Power Gain
Authors: Swartz Mitchell R. , Verner Gayle , Hagelstein Peter L.
Published: December 2024

Cold fusion nanomaterials, in general, and NANOR⃝R -type LANR components (derived from them), in particular, have two distinct regions of performance on each side of the electrical avalanche. This had lead to the identification of three (3) distinct regions of their electrical operation. We now report that the optimal power gain of NANOR⃝R -type cold fusion components is found far below the breakdown voltage and that the power gain decreases continuously as the electrical avalanche threshold is approached. Beyond the region of electrical avalanche, the previously active preloaded LANR quantum electronic components then give a thermal output similar to a standard ohmic control (a carbon composition resistor). Therefore, use of this technique of driving an active CF/LANR nanomaterial component into, and beyond, their avalanche threshold, provides verification of the excess heat an additional way, which confirms that the calorimetry was calibrated. Also, this investigation indicates where, on the input power axis, to drive them for a maximum effective use. We also report that deuterium can fuel nanomaterial ZrO2–Ni systems, consistent with the previously report involving aqueous CF/LANR systems by Swartz et al. (ICCF-9).
A Tribute to Georges Lonchampt
Authors: Biberian Jean-Paul
Published: December 2024

Georges Lonchampt was one of the few French researchers who, from day one, worked on Cold Fusion. He started performing his own experiments, and later worked with Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons. He successfully reproduced the two scientists’ original experiment, and was the only one able to successfully replicate the boil-off experiment.
Developing Phonon–Nuclear Coupling Experiments with Vibrating Plates and Radiation Detectors
Authors: Metzler Florian , Hagelstein Peter L. , Lu Siyuan
Published: December 2024

Excess heat has been reported in cold fusion experiments since 1989; however, there is at present no accepted explanation for what mechanisms are involved. Over the past decades a general theory has been developed which seems applicable to excess heat and other anomalies systematically; but in this case we do not yet have unambiguous experimental support for the phonon–nuclear coupling and enhanced up-conversion and down-conversion mechanism. This has motivated experimental studies with which we hope to develop relevant experimental results from which clear tests of theory can be made. A facility has been developed with which we are able to induce vibrations in metal plates from about 10 kHz up to about 10 MHz and then measure the relative displacement. With a high-power piezo transducer we have driven a steel plate at 2.23 MHz to produce a vibrational power of 100 W. We are able to detect X-rays with film, scintillator and camera, with low-cost sensitive scintillator/PMT detectors, and with an Amptek X-123 detector. We also have detectors that can see gamma and neutron emission.
Plasmonic Concepts for Condensed Matter Nuclear Fusion
Authors: Tanabe Katsuaki
Published: December 2024

We propose and numerically investigate a scheme to provide high-density optical or electromagnetic energy to fuel materials for condensed matter nuclear fusion. Surface plasmons in metal nanoparticulates strongly interact with electromagnetic fields at their resonance, resulting in an intense focusing of the incident energy around the metal surface. It is therefore possible to take the advan- tage of such high energy concentration, under laser or electric power input, for instance by simply coating the conventional Pd-based fuel materials with noble-metal nanoparticles or nanoshells. This field-enhancement effect can be a powerful method to boost the fusion-triggering electromagnetic or optical energy to significantly improve the reaction rate and experimental reproducibility, and to create low-D-load fusion systems. Importantly, this enhancement scheme is applicable to both gas- and liquid-phase systems, and furthermore, not only for laser/optical power, but also for the conventional electrolysis systems due to the equivalency between light and electromagnetic fields. We also show that the conventional fusion-catalyzing metals of Pd, Ni, and Ti themselves intrinsically exhibit a certain degree of field enhancement for their nanostructured form. Therefore, we point out that this plasmonic effect may have been unknowingly produced particularly in the electrolysis-type fusion experiments reported so far. This field-enhancement phenomenon thus could be a clue to solve the mystery of the energy supplied to overcome the gigantic Coulomb barrier to produce the fusion reaction observed with visible rates, as well as a powerful tool for further technical progress.
Cooperative Internal Conversion Process
Authors: Kálmán Péter , Keszthelyi Tamás
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a theoretical discussion of a new phenomenon, called the ‘cooperative internal conversion process’, in which the coupling of bound-free electron and neutron (or proton) transitions due to the dipole term of their Coulomb interaction, which permits cooperation of two nuclei leading to neutron (or proton) exchange if that is allowed by energy conservation. General expressions of the cross section of the processes are reported in the case of one particle nuclear and spherical shell models as well as in the case of free atoms (e.g. noble gases). A half-life characteristic of the process is also determined. As numerical examples, the cooperative internal conversion process by neutron exchange in Ne and by proton exchange in Al are dealt with. The processes may have significance in fields of nuclear waste disposal and nuclear energy production. As a generalization, cooperative internal conversion process by heavy charged particle exchange is discussed, and as an example of it, the cooperative internal conversion process by triton exchange is also discussed.
Exothermic Reactions in the Partially Molten Li–Ni–Cu Alloy
Authors: Kovacs Andras , Brown David , Ek Fredrik
Published: December 2024

Experiments with Li–Ni–Cu alloy, as a novel energy source, are described. The experiments are performed in the 1200–1300C temperature range, using welded metallic containers and also in open tube under inert gas flow. The measured reaction energy is too high to be explained by chemical origin. The initial experiments elucidate the properties of this reaction, while the last experiment demonstrates its continuous operation.
Biological Transmutations
Authors: Biberian Jean-Paul
Published: December 2024

For nearly 20 years, with many collaborators, I have studied biological transmutations, measuring the contents of seeds, bacteria, embryo cells and algae, before and after their growth. I have measured variations in their mineral composition indicating that it is very likely that transmutations occur in living systems.
Overview of Pd/D Co-deposition
Authors: Mosier-Boss Pamela A. , Forsley Lawrence P. , Gordon Frank E.
Published: December 2024

Pd/D co-deposition has been used by a number of researchers to explore the condensed matter nuclear reactions occurring within the Pd lattice. Reported reaction products include heat, transmutation, tritium, energetic charged particles, neutrons, and gamma/X-ray emissions. An overview of these results are discussed in this communication.
Temperature Dependence of Excess Power in Both Electrolysis and Gas-loading Experiments
Authors: Dong Zhan M. , Liang Chang L. , Li Xing Z.
Published: December 2024

The earlier data from a “Heat after Death” electrolysis experiment and from a Tsinghua University gas-loading experiment are reviewed to show that temperature dependence of excess heat in both electrolysis and gas-loading experiments supports the straight- line behaviour in the semi-logarithmic plot discovered by Storms. Additional gas-loading data in seven Pd-tubes show that excess heat is correlated to a deuterium flux as a result of the diffusion process which is implied in this temperature dependence of excess heat.