bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Point Density Estimation of Changes in Income Polarization in Tanzania, 1992−2001
Authors: Mduma John K.
Published: August 2013

Data from two Household Budget Surveys in 1991-1992 and 2000-2001 in Tanzania indicate that there is no change in inequality between the two surveys. In spite of this finding, and impressive macroeconomic gains, there is growing discontent throughout the country because of the belief that the change from socialist to market policies has worsened income inequality. In this chapter, the authors argue that the Gini index fails to capture some inconspicuous trends in the income distribution, particularly the problem of polarization across space. Using polarization measures based on point density estimation of alienation and identification, they analyze changes in the distribution of household income in Tanzania in the 1990s. Unlike analyses that rely on the Gini index, the authors find that polarization increased significantly between 1992 and 2001. They also find evidence of increased spatial variability across regions and lack of spatial convergence of household incomes.
Measuring and Explaining Economic Inequality
Authors: Nembua C. Chameni
Published: August 2013

This chapter proposes a new class of inequality indices based on the Gini coefficient (or index). The properties of the indices are studied and are found to be regular, relative, and to satisfy the Pigou-Dalton transfer principle. A subgroup decomposition is performed, and the method is found to be similar to the one used by Dagum when decomposing the Gini index. The theoretical results are illustrated by case studies, using Cameroonian data.
Population Dynamics, Economic Growth, and Energy Consumption in Kenya
Authors: Michieka Nyakundi M.
Published: August 2013

Kenya is a small open economy that depends on energy for growth. Since independence in 1963, it has experienced tremendous urban and rural population growth, placing an increasing strain on energy resources and economic development. Therefore, in this chapter the relationship between urban and rural populations, economic development, and energy use is studied. The empirical analysis uses a vector autoregression framework. The Granger Causality test results suggest unidirectional causality running from urban population to GDP. The vector error decomposition results imply that urban growth will continue to play a major role in energy consumption in Kenya.
Computational Models of Visual Attention
Authors: Pal Rajarshi
Published: August 2013

Even the enormous processing capacity of the human brain is not enough to handle all the visual sensory information that falls upon the retina. Still human beings can efficiently respond to the external stimuli. Selective attention plays an important role here. It helps to select only the pertinent portions of the scene being viewed for further processing at the deeper brain. Computational modeling of this neuro-psychological phenomenon has the potential to enrich many computer vision tasks. Enormous amounts of research involving psychovisual experiments and computational models of attention have been and are being carried out all within the past few decades. This article compiles a good volume of these research efforts. It also discusses various aspects related to computational modeling of attention–such as, choice of features, evaluation of these models, and so forth.
A Brief Review on Recent Trends in Image Restoration
Authors: Prakash Saurav
Published: August 2013

This chapter gives the opportunity to get an idea of recent trends in image denoising and restoration. It relates to the present research scenario in the field of image restoration. As much as possible the newest break-through regarding the methods of denoising as well as the performance metrics of evaluation has been dealt. The assessments done by the researchers have been included first so as to know how much analysis they propose to be done with respect to the application point of view of the denoising methods. The concept behind the metric selection for the assessment and evaluation has been introduced along with the need for shifting the dependence of the research community towards the newly proposed metrics than the old ones. The new trends in image denoising have been referred duly so that the readers can directly refer to the main algorithms and techniques from the papers proposed by their authors.
Image Enhancement and Restoration Methods for Underwater Images
Authors: Prabhakar C. J. , Kumar P. U. Praveen
Published: August 2013

In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of state-of-the-art image enhancement and restoration techniques for underwater images. Underwater imaging is one of the challenging tasks in the field of image processing and computer vision. Usually, underwater images suffer from non-uniform lighting, low contrast, diminished color, and blurring due to attenuation and scattering of light in the underwater environment. It is necessary to preprocess these images before applying computer vision techniques. Over the last few decades, many researchers have developed various image enhancement and restoration algorithms for enhancing the quality of images captured in underwater environments. The authors introduce a brief survey on image enhancement and restoration algorithms for underwater images. At the end of the chapter, we present an overview of our approach, which is well accepted by the image processing community to enhance the quality of underwater images. Our technique consists of filtering techniques such as homomorphic filtering, wavelet-based image denoising, bilateral filtering, and contrast equalization, which are applied sequentially. The proposed method increases better image visualization of objects which are captured in underwater environment compared to other existing methods.
Crustal thickness and Moho sharpness beneath the Midcontinent rift from receiver functions
Authors: Moidaki Moikwathai , Gao Stephen S. , Liu Kelly H. , Atekwana Estella
Published: August 2013

The Mesoproterozoic Midcontinent rift (MCR) in the central US is an approximately 2000 km long, 100 km wide structure from Kansas to Michigan. During the 20-40 million years of rifting, a thick (up to 20 km) layer of basaltic lava was deposited in the rift valleys. Quantifying the effects of the rifting and associated volcanic eruptions on the structure and composition of the crust and mantle beneath the MCR is important for the understanding of the evolution of continental lithosphere. In this study we measure the crustal thickness (H), and the sharpness of the Moho (R) at about 24 portable and permanent stations in Iowa, Kansas, and South Dakota by stacking Pto- S converted waves (PmS) and their multiples (PPmS and PSmS). Under the assumption that the crustal mean velocity in the study area is the same as the IASP91 earth model, we find a significantly thickened crust beneath the MCR of about 53 km. The crustal Vp/Vs ratios increases from about 1.80 off rift to as large as 1.95 within the rift, which corresponds to an increase of Poisson’s ratio from 0.28 to 0.32, suggesting a more mafic crust beneath the MCR. The R measurements are spatially variable and are relatively small in the vicinity of the MCR, indicating the disturbance of the original sharp Moho by the rifting and magmatic intrusion and volcanic eruption.
High frequency microseismic noise as possible earthquake precursor
Authors: Sović Ivica , Šariri Kristina , Živčić Mladen
Published: August 2013

Before an earthquake occurs, microseismic noise in high frequency (HF) range, i.e. 2-25 Hz, is being generated during preparation process. These signals change the microseismic noise and, consequently, the spectrum of microseismic noise. Time variation of spectra recorded at the same seismological station could imply the change of the state of noise source. We propose the image moment analysis approach to objectively compare microseismic noise spectra. The result could be used for earthquake precursor identification. Expected spectra change is in HF range, so the analysis has been limited to the shallow tectonic earthquakes with epicenters close, up to 15 km, the seismological stations. The method has been tested post festum using four earthquakes in Dinarides which satisfied condition for epicentral distance. The spectra were calculated for noise recorded in time intervals of 10 days before and 6 to 10 days after the earthquakes. Affine moment invariants were calculated for noise spectra which were treated as the input objects. Spectra of the first five days in the series were referent spectra. The classification parameters were Euclidean distances between referent spectra and the spectra for all days in the series, including referent ones. The results have shown that the spectra of the microseismic noise become noticeably different than the other spectra in time intervals one or two days before an earthquake.
‘Die Jesusbeweging as charismatiese waarderewolusie’
Authors: Kotze P. P. A.
Published: August 2013

The Jesus movement as a charismatic value-revolution In our country the voice of liberation theology (and the theology of revolution) is growing in volume, causing anxiety on all traditional fronts. The sympathy of overseas churches in general, sways in the direction of these revolutionary sounds. Under the circumstances one must appreciate a work like that of O Cullmann: Jesus und die Revolutionáren seiner Zeit, and a paper read by Gerd Theissen of the University of Heidelberg at a recent congress of the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas. These works from overseas theologians radically reject any idea that Jesus could have been the inspiration of political revolution. Theissen rather speaks of a “Wertrevolution” according to which Jesus gave his disciples access to an aristocratic value system achieved charismatically, i.e. extraordinarily, as a gift of God in answer to prayer. In this article the abovementioned works are discussed critically in an attempt to make them known.
Die breuk tussen die Christendom en die Jodedom in die eerste twee eeue nC
Authors: Stander H. F.
Published: August 2013

The break between Christianity and Judaism in the first two centuries AD It is argued that a radical break between Christianity and Judaism originated in the second half of the first century AD. This sharp separation persisted in the subsequent centuries. In this article the relationship between the early Christians and the Jews in the first two centuries is studied. The issue is approached from three different angles, namely (a) How did the pagans (the Greeks and the Romans) see the Christians? (b) How did the Jews behave towards the Christians? (c) How did the Christians behave towards the Jews? All statements are based on quotations from primary texts outside the New Testament.
Resepsieteorie: Konkurrent of Komplement van die Teksimmanemte Eksegese?
Authors: Botha P. J.
Published: August 2013

Reception theory: competitor or complement of text-immanent exegetical methodology? Due to the underlying principles on which it was based and which suggest a critical view of positivism and its idea of applying an exegetical “method” to a text, it seems as if the reception theory could only be regarded as an alternative to text-immanent exegesis. This paper reflects on the possibility of incorporating the insights of the reception theory into a text-immanent model so as to form a comprehensive exegetical approach.
Die evangelie as pragmaties-kommunikatiewe gebeure: ’n Perspektief op evangelistiek
Authors: Vos C. J. A.
Published: August 2013

The gospel as a pragmatic-communicative act: A perspective on evangelism The article focuses on the gospel as a pragmatic-communicative act. The answer to the question of what is communicated by the gospel, is determined by examining the relationship between evangelism and mission. Certain models for determining the difference between evangelism and mission are examined. The scope of the term gospel is analysed at the hand of Luke chapter 4, and its application in the Missiology and Practical Theology is elucidated in the light of the above finding. The gospel as a pragmatic-communicative act is, lastly, illustrated at the hand of the parable of the prodigal son.
Uitdagings vir die Ned Geref Kerk in Suidelike Afrika met Malawi en Zambië as illustrasiegebiede
Authors: Crafford D.
Published: August 2013

Challenges for the Dutch Reformed Church in Southern Africa with Malawi and Zambia as illustration areas What will be the challenges for the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa if in the coming decades its isolation from Africa could be ended because of political developments in a post-apartheid era? The Dutch Reformed Church planted indigenous churches in many African Countries like Botswana, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique and Namibia. The role of the church in Africa will be determined by its relations with these younger churches. The challenges in the fields of evangelism, church ministry, the youth and in the socioeconomic and political areas are illustrated specifically in the cases of Malawi and Zambia.
Die karakter van die kerk in perspektief van huidige teologiese besinning
Authors: Potgieter P. C.
Published: August 2013

The character of the church - a perspective on current theological thought The role of the church in society is currently much focused upon in theological thought. The author analyses various characteristics of the church with reference to views of well known theologians. As community of faith it is the body of Christ revealed very visibly in the world representing the kingdom of God. For that very reason the idea of a national church is unacceptable. The church is one, catholic and apostolic community, even particularly in its visible form. Though Scripture gives no clear guidelines on the structure of the church, there are many general biblical norms to be considered in ecclesiastical law and government.
Grafika as hulpmiddel in die Pastorale gesprek
Authors: Muller J. C.
Published: August 2013

Using graphics in pastoral counselling Three techniques of Family Therapy, namely the genogram, the ecomap and GFS (Graphic Family Sculpting), are discussed and presented as usable in pastoral care. The article argues that these techniques are most useful in pastoral care because of the fact that the religious community, as stressed in the Bible, consists of families and groups. A sensitivity for the family of origin and other systems which every individual represents, is therefore most important in pastoral counselling. The fact that a situation of growth and understanding is being created in the process of using these techniques, is probably the most promising aspect.
Met die oog op genesingsdienste in die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk
Authors: Theron J. P. J.
Published: August 2013

Towards healing services in the Dutch Reformed Church The position of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa with regard to the world wide recovery of the Church’s healing ministry is discussed. Features of liturgical healing services of other denominational churches are utilised to develop a model for the Dutch Reformed Church in Initiating this kind of public ministry.
Die debat rondom die Markaanse Christologie. Die laaste tien jaar
Authors: Breytenbach C.
Published: August 2013

Marcan Christology: The debate of the last ten years The article discusses the developments in the methodological debate on Mark’s gospel during the last decade. It shows that the focus in Marcan research shifted from the traditional redactional-historical research towards a literary-critical approach. Some authors also combine the approaches. The author discusses the implications for the Christological debate on the Son of Man and Son of God traditions, with reference to works of Matera, Brower, Hooker, Marcus, Chronis, Motyer, Jackson, Van Iersel and Scharberg, and discerns some prospective avenues for future research.
’n Beraad te midde van berade: Die historiese konteks van die Cottesloe-Kerkeberaad herbeoordeel
Authors: Hofmeyr J. W.
Published: August 2013

A consultation amongst consultations: The historical context of the Cottesloe Church Consultation reconsidered At the time of writing it happens to be thirty years since the well known Cottesloe Church Consultation took place. On the other hand the November 1990 consultation of a wide variety of South African churches appears strongly in the focal point. In this article the socio-political, ecclesiastical and theological context of the Cottesloe Consultation is reconsidered. Finally some conclusions are drawn as regards the relevance of the Cottesloe Consultation for our times.
Die tekskritiek van die Nuwe Testament (2): ’n Oefening in teorie en praktyk
Authors: Jacobs L. D.
Published: August 2013

The textual criticism of the New Testament (2): An exercise in theory and practice This concluding article on New Testament textual criticism focuses on the practical application of a workable method for the evaluation of textual variants in the manuscripts of the New Testament. Six variation units displaying a wide variety of textual problems are discussed, viz the ending of Mark’s gospel, the theological/christological problem in John 1:18, the possible conjectural emendation in Acts 16:12, the ortographical variation in Romans 5:1, the doxology at the end of Romans, and the so-called “command to silence” in 1 Corinthians 14:34-35. The next result in each case does not necessarily produce rousing new insights, but it underlines the need for a balanced approach which weighs all the evidence without prejudice before making a decision on the value of a textual variant.
Nuwe-Testamentiese perspektiewe op egskeiding
Authors: Joubert S. J.
Published: August 2013

New Testament perspectives on divorce New Testament perspectives on divorce practices in the first century Mediterranean world is first of all undertaken. Against this socio-historical framework the New Testament "divorce" texts are then analysed. Pronouncements on divorce in the Synoptic Gospels and the Pauline corpus, being our main sources of information in this regard, are respectively investigated in terms of their communicative functions within their textual and cultural contexts. A short summary of the New Testament views with regards to marriage and divorce, and the intercultural relevance thereof, concludes the essay.
Sending in die kerk: ’n Gevallestudie
Authors: Kritzinger J. J.
Published: August 2013

Mission in the church: A case study Based on an enquiry into mission interest in the NG Church. Although there can be no doubt that mission is the essential task to which God called the church into being, to be his witness in the world, the empirical church often shows very little awareness of this. This article relates some results of research done in the Dutch Reformed Church in the Republic of South Africa on the church members’ interest in and involvement with mission. Some of the significant factors influencing the missionary interest of the members were (a) their personal spirituality and activities within the church, (b) their political leanings, and (c) the missionary preaching and enthusiasm of the ministers. A few aspects of the ministry are highlighted as worthy of attention.
Puritanisme en Skotland
Authors: Claasen J. W.
Published: August 2013

Puritanism and Scotland Puritanism influenced the church in England, but had a more profound and lasting effect on religion in Scotland. In the process the Scottish church made some gains - the stress of the centrality of Scripture and preaching, the emphasis on true piety and pure life, the quest for renewal and the constant awareness of God’s providence. The church also suffered losses - a preoccupation with subjective sanctification and self-examination, the emergence of a scholastic federal theology, the overstress of the imperative, a subtle kind of legalism and an impoverished view of the sacraments. Scottish clergymen who came to South Africa during the nineteenth century can be associated with the evangelical faction of Scottish puritanism.
Kan J A Heyns se Sosiale Etiek ons teologies toerus vir die toekoms?
Authors: Van Niekerk A. C. J.
Published: August 2013

Can J A Heyns’ Social Ethic equip us theologically for the future? Heyns’ socio-ethical model, which is based on a "cultivar" of the Calvinistic philosophy, provides ethical stability with its theocentric anchor. However, it shows shortcomings as to flexibility and relevancy because a dialectic between deductive and inductive ways of theologizing is lacking. The use of the notion "Volksverband" (national bond) as an ethical pillar in the first chapter cannot be derived from a New Testamentical centre but can rather be connected to the theology of creational orders. Although the chapter contains important ethical directives for internal dialogue amongst (white) Afrikaners, there is very little on the economic, semiotic, restitutional and ecological facets of modem group-forming tendencies.
Dwergmuishondjies en die betekenis van Golgota? Enkele teologiese en ekologiese perspektiewe
Authors: Du Rand J. A.
Published: August 2013

Dwarf mongooses and the meaning of Golgotha? Some theological and ecological perspectivesDuring the previous eight years we have taken notice of growing theological reflection on the ecological meaning of God, creation and re-creation. It seems that an holistic view of God, man and environment in a balanced coherence leads to a level-headed environment ethics. In this contribution the question is discussed whether Christianity with its exclusive views on man have not contributed to the harmful affliction of the ecological consciousness by subordinating the place and meaning of creation to salvation.
Simposium tussen Nederlandse en Suid-Afrikaanse Nuwe-Testamentici: verslag en kritiese evaluering
Authors: Du Toit A. B.
Published: August 2013

Symposium between Dutch and South African New Testament scholars: report and critical evaluation A short historical survey of theological relations between Netherland and South Africa and especially of the consequences of the cultural boycott, highlights the importance of this meeting. The papers read at the meeting and some of the prominent issues, as well as deliberations on the possibility of future academic cooperation, are presented and evaluated.
Enkele onlangse ontwikkelinge op die terrein van die Kerkgeskiedenis elders ter wêreld
Authors: Hofmeyr J. W.
Published: August 2013

Some recent developments in the field of Church History elsewhere in the worldThe academic subject of church history in South Africa is facing various challenges on its way into the twenty first century. In many ways it can also be regarded as a science in transition with realities like paradigm-switches, processes of reinterpretation and a new dialogue between church historians and secular historians. In this process the knowledge and understanding of recent developments in the field of church history elsewhere in the world can be of great value and relevance for the church historian in the South African context.
Die struktuur en tradisiesamestelling van Psalm 74
Authors: Human D. J.
Published: August 2013

The Structure and Exposure of Traditionformation in Psalm 74This analysis tries to expose the structure and various traditions which contribute to the understanding of Psalm 74. The unfolded structure underlines the assumption that the text is a poetic work of art. Both diacronic and sincronic aspects in the text complement each other in order to convey the semantic content of the poem.
Dansmaats: dogmatiek/etiek en homiletiek
Authors: Vos C. J. A.
Published: August 2013

Dancing partners: dogmatics/ethics and homiletics In this article the relation between dogmatics/ethics and homiletics is investigated. In this relation Scripture serves as norm. Special attention, apart from the Biblical and theological tradition, is devoted to literature as a rich source of homiletics. The contribution of J. A. Heyns in this regard is also evaluated.
Johan Heyns as ekumeniese figuur
Authors: Crafford D.
Published: August 2013

Johan Heyns as ecumenical figure The role that Heyns played in ecumenical developments within the Dutch Reformed Church since 1986 is described. He played a leading role in breaking the ecumenical isolation of the Church. In his theology Heyns strongly emphasized the unity and the ecumenical calling of the church. His theological insights in this connection is described and evaluated. Special attention is given to what he said about the pluriformity of the church and about the diversity of confessions and the unity of the church. In conclusion his views on the practice of ecumenism is discussed.
’n Gesprek oor die teologie van Heyns
Authors: Theron D. F.
Published: August 2013

A discussion about the theology of Heyns Heyns developed a theology with the kingdom of God as central theme. He was strongly influenced by the philosophy of Stoker of South Africa. This resulted in a more philosophical theology rather than a biblical theology. After his Theology of obedience had been developed, a more theological emphasis came to the fore, but it was still very much dominated by his philosophical approach. An outstanding and original characteristic feature of the way he interprets the kingdom of God, is that it has its starting point at creation and gradually develops through history and comes to fullness at the end of history. At this point in time the boundaries of this world and the kingdom of God will overlap completely.
Analogiese eksistensie
Authors: Van Wyk J. H.
Published: August 2013

Analogical existence. Comments on the ethics of J. A. Heyns Asked to write an essay on the ethics of Johan Heyns, the author claims that at the heart of this ethics lies the idea of analogical existence, derived from the fact that man is created in the image of God. In connection with this a few key features of this ethics are selected, analysed and evaluated. The author concludes by emphasizing the great and important contribution Heyns has made to Christian ethics.
Die begrip ‘Calvinisme’ in die Afrikaanse geskiedskrywing. ’n Oorsigtelike tipering
Authors: Britz R. M.
Published: August 2013

The term "Calvinism" in the Afrikaans historiography. A historical survey This article deals with the uses of the term "Calvinism/Calvinistic" in the Afrikaner school of historiography. A careful investigation shows that it was first used during the latter part of the 19th century as a designation of the "northern" Afrikaners. During the 20th century, however, the term received a broadened meaning and application. As an image it articulated the meaning of Afrikaner history. Since its use was not documented, the issue of Afrikaner Calvinism needs theological and historical scrutinising.
Die begrip ’berit’ in ’n aantal klaagpsalms: ’n Perspektief
Authors: Human D. J.
Published: August 2013

The concept ‘berit’ in a few Psalms of Lament: A perspective Concerning the understanding of ‘berit’, a century of research has been unable to exhaust the full dimension of possibilities which are covered by all the relevant Old Testament texts. Against the background of a defined hypothesis, an analysis was made of Psalms 25, 55, 74 and 83 with a literary-historical text approach to portray a few research results. The hypothesis reads as follows: The concept ‘berit’ portrays no uniform content and meaning within the corpus of the so-called psalms of lament and could accordingly not contribute to the debate connected to the origin, development and date of ‘berit’. The study contributes to the nature of the term as far as its variegation is illustrated for a post-exilic functioning date.
Die rol van Ou Testament Teologie in die prediking
Authors: Prinsloo G. T. M.
Published: August 2013

The function of Old Testament Theology in preachingWhile preparing a sermon from the Old Testament, pastors often tend to neglect the important role that Old Testament Theology can play in assisting them to apply the ancient text to modern circumstances. In this paper, two reasons for this neglect is discussed, namely the problems concerning the method, task and scope of Old Testament Theology on the one hand and the inadequate historical and literary skills of the exegete on the other hand. Solutions to both problem areas are proposed.
Ou Testament Teologie en/of 'Religionsgeschichte'?
Authors: Prinsloo W. S.
Published: August 2013

Old Testament Theology and/or "Religionsgeschichte"This article provides an overview of the latest developments in the area of Old Testament Theology and the relationship thereof to "Religionsgeschichte". The book by Rainer Albertz has played an important role in the debate on the relationship between these disciplines. Attention is given to this debate and particularly to the reaction to the Albertz’s viewpoint as stated at the International Meeting Society of Biblical Literature, Louvain, 7-10 August 1994.
A collection of Book Reviews for Volume 15, Number 2
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2013

No abstract available.
Jesaja 52:13-53:12: Voorspelling of trooswoord?
Authors: Booy G. M.
Published: August 2013

Isaiah 52:13-53:12: Prediction or word of comfort? The New Testament frequently applies this poem to Jesus Christ as well as to the receiving and proclamation of the gospel. It is possible to regard the New Testament’s use as criterium for the interpretation of Isaiah 52:13-53:12 and to understand it therefore as a direct prediction of Jesus Christ. Such an interpretation, however, degrades the Old Testament and ignores the meaning which the Isaiah-text has in its historical and literary context.
Waarom verskil ons so oor wat die wil van God is? Opmerkings oor Christelike morele oordeelsvorming
Authors: De Villiers D. E. , Smit D. J.
Published: August 2013

Why do we differ so much about the will of God? Comments on the formation of Christian moral judgements A better understanding of the way in which moral judgements are made and moral decisions are taken may help to understand why Christians differ so much on moral issues. Protestant ethicists, however, have generally ignored these questions, for a number of reasons. Heinz Eduard Tödt, a former professor in Social Ethics from Heidelberg, Germany, has done more than anyone else to put these issues on the agenda of protestant ethicists. The authors analyse the five most important aspects of his theory. The factors that contribute to moral disagreement among Christians are identified and illustrated with reference to the moral problem of poverty.
Die eskatologiese betekenis van Sion as agtergrond tot die teologie van die boek Openbaring
Authors: Du Rand J. A.
Published: August 2013

The eschatological meaning of Sion as background to the theology of the book of Revelation The core of the theology of the Book of Revelation focuses on the kingship of God. His kingship should be established on earth as it is in heaven. According to the Old Testament eschatological traditions God's kingship is linked with the Davidic dynasty by way of application. And the Davidic kingship is very much focused on Sion and Jerusalem. Through a theological review of the Old Testament meaning of the place and function of Sion within eschatology, linked up with God’s kingship, a necessary background for the theology of the Book of Revelation is sketched.
The tradition-historical setting of Psalm 25: How wisdom motives contribute to its understanding
Authors: Human D. J.
Published: August 2013

Psalm 25 is an acrostic psalm and an individual lament. Several tradition-historical motives and allusions can be identified in this text. Especially a few motives and images from the Old Testament wisdom literature contribute to the significance of the psalm. These motives are being identified and their function being determined in the context of the psalm as a whole. They are interwoven with other identified traditions and motives to contribute to the psalm’s understanding.
Metaphoric theology and God images in a hermeneutics for pastoral care and counselling
Authors: Louw D. J.
Published: August 2013

Because of the recent development in pastoral care, a hermeneutic model is proposed. Metaphors in pastoral care and counselling are embedded in the life stories of parishioners. As an interpreter of Stories/stories, it is the diagnostic task of the pastor to make a pastoral assessment of the meaning and significance of these stories in terms of God images. In order to do that, the pastoral issues regarding encounter (partnership, companionship, commitment and intimacy) have been linked to the following pastoral metaphors in Scripture: shepherd, servant, wisdom and paraclete. With regard to metaphoric theology, God as Friend is our choice for a pastoral encounter which takes the notion of salvation seriously.
The Proverbial Fool: The Book of Proverbs and ‘Biblical’ Counseling
Authors: Wyse R. R.
Published: August 2013

How can the book of Proverbs be utilized in the context of Christian counseling? This topic is the focal point of my dissertation, in which 1 seek to integrate the areas of Biblical Srudies and Pastoral Theology in order to provide an informed and responsible answer to this question. In the following article select aspects of that study are highlighted, touching upon such concerns as (1) How biblical are so-called “biblical” counselors? - with J Adams and L Crabb examined as representative writers; (2) What hermeneutical considerations should such Christian counselors have in mind when interpreting Proverbs? - where current advances in the study of proverbs are used to sharpen the understanding and use of Proverbs; (3) How could the above considerations, coupled with an exegetical study on “the foolish” in Proverbs (10-29), be utilized to make Adams’ and Crabb's “biblical” proposals more representative and reflective of Scripture?; and lastly, (4) How could an understanding of the “world of Proverbs’’ be incorporated into the “language-world” of the counseling context?
Religieë van mense en die verlossende kennis van God
Authors: Crafford D.
Published: August 2013

Human religions and the saving knowledge of God It has become an accepted practice to speak of the relationship of Christianity to other religions in terms of exclusivism, inclusivism and pluralism. These categories are actually not very helpful. The emphasis must not be on the question of excluding or including people from salvation but rather on a saving knowledge of God. Human religions have a limited or distorted knowledge of the supreme Reality. It is only through self-revelation of God that a true saving knowledge of the ultimate Reality can be attained. This happens through the self-revelation of God in Scripture and especially in the incarnation and saving acts of God in Christ and through the enlightening work of the Holy Spirit.
Unity in John 17 and in IQS I-IX: A comparative study
Authors: De Wet B. W.
Published: August 2013

The unity theme as it is found in John 17 and in IQS I-IX provides sufficient comparative material to give an indication of the extent to which John’s theology flourished within the contemporary Jewish context. It is argued that the events surrounding Christ constituted for John the central point of orientation according to which the typical Jewish ideas could be interpreted and reformulated. It is finally concluded that, according to this radical and exclusive Christian dynamic approach, certain elements within Judaism, also found among members of the Qumran community, were reinterpreted, while others were either continued or discontinued.
Nuwe-Testamentiese perspektiewe op die Sabbat en die Sondag
Authors: Joubert S. J.
Published: August 2013

New Testament perspectives on the Sabbath and the Sunday In order to come to terms with New Testament views on the Sabbath and the Sunday, an investigation of Jewish schematizations of time and of the Sabbath in particular, around the first century A.D. is undertaken. This is followed by a discussion of relevant New Testament texts on the Sabbath and the Sunday. Finally, the available information from the New Testament is placed within the interpretative framework of the “Christ event” which inaugurated the eschaton, and which also replaced the strong emphasis on specific holy days within early Christianity. However, the Sunday was probably chosen by some early Christian groups as the most suitable day to commemorate the resurrection of Christ.
’n Eksegeties-hermeneutiese ondersoek van die Jona-gegewens in Matteus 12:38ev
Authors: Thirion W. G.
Published: August 2013

An exegetic-hermeneutical research on the Jonah evidences in Matthew 12:38ff The New Testament interpretation of the “sign of Jonah” (Math 12:38ff) cannot be applied as a criterion to legitimate the historical authenticity of the story about Jonah and the great fish in the Old Testament. It is, however, possible to recognise the authority of Jesus’ citation in Matthew 12:38ff and simultaneously quash the historical authenticity of the evidence about Jonah and the great fish. Matthew created a new authoritative text with an exegitical method inherent in his own context and never tried to verify the historical authenticity of the evidence about Jonah and the “three days and three nights” in the belly of the fish. Matthew 12:38ff as well as the story about Jonah in The Book of Jonah should each be expounded in its own historical, literary and theological context.
’n Spieël vir die predikant - Deel II
Authors: Vos C. J. A.
Published: August 2013

A mirror for the minister This article focusses primeraly on the church as well as the minister as servant. A servant ministry enables the minister to be a witness in and to the world. The following features of this ministry can be distinguished: integrity, enthusiasm, truth as a lifestyle, humility and service.
Latere ontwikkelingen in de theologie-opvatting aan de Vrije Universiteit (VU) - Deel III
Authors: Vroom H. M.
Published: August 2013

Later developments at the Free University at Amsterdam In this contribution the developments at the faculty of theology of the Vrije Universiteit at Amsterdam are described, especially Kuyper’s holistic conception of Christian faith and his bifurcation of Christian and non-christian science. Developments in the understanding of the authority of the Bible, Christian ethics, historical criticism, and dialogue since the sixties are described.
Alternatiewe vir die huwelik in die huidige permissiewe maatskappy?
Authors: Barnard A. C.
Published: August 2013

Die wereld het op elke terrein onherkenbaar verander Die mens se kennis en vermoe op elke terrein van die lewe, het onvoorstelbaar toegeneem. Hy kom in 'n posisie dat hy meen hy weet alles, kan alles deurvors en alles doen. Daarmee het die magtige mens in die sentrum van alles te staan gekom.
Die NG Kerk en die oorgang na ’n nuwe Suid-Afrika
Authors: De Villiers D. E.
Published: August 2013

The Dutch Reformed Church and the transition to a new South Africa The comprehensive transformation of the South African society that followed the transfer of political power to a new government in 1994 has had significant consequences for the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) and its members. In the article an analysis is given of these consequences. Attention is also given to the reaction of members of the DRC to the transformation of the society. An attempt is made to formulate a responsible approach to the new South Africa by the DRC and his members. The need for the DRC to inspire his members to be true to their Christian calling, to equip them to serve effectively and to find new and effective ways to witness publicly in the new South Africa, is stressed.
Communities of faith as texts in the process of biblical interpretation
Authors: Jonker L.
Published: August 2013

In this article the author illustrates that the relationship between the Bible and the Church could also be described from the post-modern perspective of intertextuality. He argues that communities of faith are texts in an all-encompassing network of textuality. However, these texts, as all other texts, are involved in clusters of related texts that show an affinity with one another. Within these clusters the related texts become more prominent and significant than texts “further away” in the network of textuality. He uses this view to argue that the Church, along with the Synagogue, has a special responsibility in the process of interpretation of the written biblical texts. He also argues that all the approaches that biblical scholars have utilized through the ages, when viewed as different perspectives on the network of textuality, could assist in our reading of communities of faith as texts.
Gesinsbediening as gesinsverryking: Oor die waarde van ’n sisteembenadering vir ’n pastorale diagnose van gesinsdinamika
Authors: Louw D. J.
Published: August 2013

The enrichment of the family in pastoral ministry: The value of a system approach in a pastoral diagnosis Within the Reformed tradition, ministry to the family focused mainly on the personal faith of individual members. This was done by means of home visiting. This article proposes a model which attempts to assess the undergirding components and structures which influence intimacy within the family system. A systems model is developed within a hermeneutical understanding of family care. Such a model helps parents to gain insight in the underlying positions of family members. This influences personal identity and developmental issues. In the enrichment of the family, the model is geared towards helping members to shift their position in order to change the underlying dynamics. A theology for family ministry is developed which can be applied in the assessment of the quality of the interaction of members.
Sendingwetenskap vir die derde millennium - Deel II
Authors: Meiring P. G. J.
Published: August 2013

Missiology for the third millennium - Part II This article contains the second part of professor P. G. J. Meiring’s inaugural lecture, on accepting the position of Head of the Department of Science of Mission and Science of Religion (Godsdiens- en Sendingwetenskap) at the Theological Faculty, University of Pretoria.
Teologiekroniek – ‘Die Boodskap’
Authors: Van der Walt J. G.
Published: August 2013

Nuwe Bybelvertalings in Afrikaans is skaars in vergelyking met die groot aantal vertalings wat byvoorbeeld deurlopend in Engels verskyn. Daar is maar vier vertalings in Afrikaans.
Nagmaal aan gelowiges - Ouderdom maak nie saak nie. En alkohol?
Authors: Buitendag J.
Published: August 2013

Eucharist for believers - Age does not matter - And alcohol? For centuries the church accepted the principle that the Holy Communion is meant only for adult believers. This view changed fortunately. The other assumption remains, namely that wine, and to be more precise, alcoholic wine, is to be used. Understandably there would be parents who are of the opinion that they don’t want to expose their children to alcohol. How constitutive is wine - and alcoholic wine in particular - then for the Eucharist? This article argues that the presence of Christ should be sought in the faithful use of the elements, in communion with other believers.
'Today salvation has come to this house...' (Lk 19:1-10)
Authors: Alana O. E.
Published: August 2013

In this article, the story of the conversion of Zacchaeus in Luke 19:1-10 is studied against the background of Nigerian society. The importance of Zacchaeus' story lies in the fact that it remains a paradigm of how wealthy Christians are to make use of their wealth. His example will be advanced for emulation by many a Nigerian wealthy Christian as a way of wealth redistribution.
Seksuele reinheid voor die huwelik in Korinte in die eerste eeu nC
Authors: Botha P. H. , Van Rensburg F. J.
Published: August 2013

Sexual purity before marriage in Corinth in the first century BC A socio-historical overview on the ethical codes within Judaism, Hellenism, and early Christianity shows that very definite codes were in place. Sexual purity within Judaism was based on two aspects, namely a property code and an ethical code. Early Christianity inherited its sexual ethics from Judaism and has reinterpreted it in the light of the Gospel. The moral status of Corinth was to a great extent the outcome of its religious and social history. The Christian community existed within these circumstances, but experienced problems in coping with the moral situation of its time. The Jewish, Graeco-Roman and Christian communities existed alongside each other in the city of Corinth and each of these groups had a code of conduct for sexual purity. It would seem that the different ethical codes for sexual purity had much in common. Virginity was a prerequisite, especially for unmarried females.
The New Testament and Homosexuality? Part 1: The Social System behind Romans 1
Authors: Malina B. J.
Published: August 2013

In this, the first of two parts of a continuous argument, the focus falls on what Paul meant by his statement in Romans 1 about same-gender sexual relations. The social system within which and from which his statements had meaning is considered. The second part of this argument, to appear in Verbum et Ecclesia 23 (2) 2002, looks more closely at the various traditions that could have influenced Paul’s thinking, and draws conclusions to the developed argument on the prevalence of homosexuality in the New Testament era.
The question of Calvin’s involvement in the trial of Servetus at Vienne (1553)
Authors: Ra E. S.
Published: August 2013

This article considers the extent of John Calvin’s involvement in the trial of Michael Servetus at Vienne (1553). Calvin is held responsible for Servetus' arrest and the accusations against him at the trial of Vienne. During this trial Servetus was convicted of heresy and was burned in effigy, since he had escaped. The letter of de Trie, the period preceding the trial, and the proceedings of the trial of Vienne are looked at to determine whether the allegations of Calvin’s unjust involvement in the trial of Vienne are justified. This article contends that Calvin did not play any direct role in the conviction of Servetus at the trial of Vienne.
Hoe dink vandag se mense oor die Bybel?
Authors: Spangenberg I. J. J.
Published: August 2013

How do people from our day and age view the Bible? Not all members of the Dutch Reformed Church cherish the same view about Scripture. The letters in the Afrikaans newspapers on religious issues clearly reflect this. There are two groups of scholars in the church whose views on Scripture impact on church members’ views. They are (1) systematic theologians and (2) biblical scholars. A large number of systematic theologians adhere to the view which was formulated during the heydays of Protestant Orthodoxy, i.e. that the Bible reflects a double authorship. They prefer to use the Latin words “auctor primaries” and “auctores secundarii” when writing about Scripture. A large number of biblical scholars, however, work with the idea that the Bible reflects single authorship. God did not write. Humans wrote the books of the Bible. It goes without saying that ordinary church members do not always understand the differences and are often perplexed by these differences. It is of utmost importance to discuss these differences and to try and find some middle ground in the church.
Paulus se retoriese strategie in Galasiërs 3:1-14
Authors: Tolmie D. F.
Published: August 2013

Paul’s rhetorical strategy in Galatians 3:1-14 The aim of this article is to demonstrate an approach to the rhetorical analysis of Paul's Letter to the Galatians that differs from the typical approach followed by researchers, namely the forcing of ancient rhetorical categories on the letter. Instead it is proposed that Paul's rhetorical strategy should be analysed in terms of a grounded theoretical approach. This is demonstrated by a systematic analysis of the Paul’s basic rhetorical strategy, as well as of all the supportive persuasive techniques, in Galatians 3:1-14 (subdivided as Galatians 3:1-5 and 3:6-14).