bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information management in the humanities: Scholarly processes, tools, and the construction of personal collections
Authors: Trace Ciaran B. , Karadkar Unmil P.
Published: March 2016

The promise and challenge of information management in the humanities has garnered a great deal of attention and interest (Bulger et al., ; Freiman et al., ; Trace & Karadkar, ; University of Minnesota Libraries, ; Wilson & Patrick, ). Research libraries and archives, as well as groups from within the humanities disciplines themselves, are being tasked with providing robust support for information management practices, including helping to engage humanities scholars with appropriate digital technologies in ways that are sensitive to disciplinary‐based cultures and practices. However, significant barriers impede this work, primarily because the infrastructure (services, tools, and collaborative networks) to support scholarly information management is still under development. Under the aegis of the Scholars Tracking Archival Resources (STAR) project we are studying how humanities scholars gather and manage primary source materials with a goal of developing software to support their information management practices. This article reports the findings from our interviews with 26 humanities scholars, in conjunction with a set of initial requirements for a mobile application that will support scholars in capturing documents, recreating the archival context, and uploading these documents to cloud storage for access and sharing from other devices.
Mathematical transformations of recurrent relations for different types of homologues
Authors: Zenkevich Igor G.
Published: March 2016

Most of discrete properties A of individual organic compounds belonging to single‐row homologous series (RX → RCH2X → … → R(CH2)nX) or multi‐row series (RkY → [RCH2]kY → … [R(CH2)n]kY, k > 1) can be approximated with first order linear recurrent relations A(n + 1) = aA(n) + b. The important chemical property of recurrences is the equality of coefficients a and b for various homologous series of similar topology (with the same homologous differences at the constancy of the number of rows). The values of coefficients a and b for single‐ and multi‐rows series even with the same structural fragments X = Y are different.

The algorithm of the mutual recalculating of the coefficients of recurrent relations for single‐ and multi‐rows homologous series is proposed and considered. It allows evaluating different physicochemical properties of insufficiently characterized unsymmetrical organic compounds with different alkyl substituents, like C2H5NHC3H7, (CH3)2B(C2H5), (CF3)N(C2F5)2, etc., using the data for better characterized “symmetrical” homologues (illustrated by examples). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population balances in case of crossing characteristic curves: Application to T‐cells immune response
Authors: Ali Qasim , Elkamel Ali , Gruy Frédéric , Lambert Claude , Touboul Eric
Published: March 2016

The progression of a cell population where each individual is characterized by the value of an internal variable varying with time (e.g. size, mass, and protein concentration) is typically modelled by a population balance equation, a first‐order linear hyperbolic partial differential equation. The characteristics described by internal variables usually vary monotonically with the passage of time. A particular difficulty appears when the characteristic curves exhibit different slopes from each other and therefore cross each other at certain times. In particular, such a crossing phenomenon occurs during T‐cell immune response when the concentrations of protein expressions depend upon each other and also when some global protein (e.g. Interleukin signals) that is shared by all T‐cells is involved. At these crossing points, the linear advection equation is not possible by using the hyperbolic conservation laws in a classical way. Therefore, a new transport method is introduced in this article that is able to find the population density function for such processes. A multi‐scale mathematical modelling framework is employed. At the first scale, two processes, the activation and reaction terms (assimilated as nucleation and growth in particulate processes), are studied as independent processes. At the second scale, the dynamic variation in the population density of activated T‐cells is investigated in the presence of activation and reaction terms. The newly‐developed transport method is shown to work in the case of crossing characteristics and to provide a smooth solution at the crossing points in contrast to the classical numerical techniques.
Non‐Point Source Pollution of Dissolved Phosphorus in the Ethiopian Highlands: The Awramba Watershed Near Lake Tana
Authors: Moges Mamaru A. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Ayana Essayas K. , Moges Michael M. , Gabye Nigus , Giri Shree , Steenhuis Tammo S.
Published: March 2016

Intensifying agriculture in Africa is degrading the water quality of rivers and lakes, thereby, threatening the sustainable use of water resources. In Lake Tana in the Ethiopian highlands, the first signs of eutrophication were recently observed. Since relatively little is known about the non‐point source pollution in sub‐Saharan Africa, the objective was to examine non‐point sources phosphorus contribution of an agricultural watershed near Lake Tana. The 7‐km2 Awramba watershed was selected. Dissolved phosphorus concentration (DPC) in groundwater and soil‐available phosphorus was measured at three landscape positions and discharge, sediment, and DPC at the outlet. The results indicated that DPC in groundwater was most elevated in the periodically saturated valley bottoms while available P was the greatest in the cropped fields at mid‐slope. The DPC increased with discharge. During base flow the concentration in the stream was similar to that in ground water. The results were consistent with other hydrological watershed studies in which the major source of runoff, erosion, and phosphorus originated from valley bottom lands. Hence, converting the periodically saturated areas in the stream corridor to buffer zones with reduced P input can be an important tool in reducing P from rural watersheds in the Ethiopian highlands.
Quantifying and comparing the pattern of thalamic and cortical projections to the posterior auditory field in hearing and deaf cats
Authors: Butler Blake E. , Chabot Nicole , Lomber Stephen G.
Published: March 2016

Following sensory loss, compensatory crossmodal reorganization occurs such that the remaining modalities are functionally enhanced. For example, behavioral evidence suggests that peripheral visual localization is better in deaf than in normal hearing animals, and that this enhancement is mediated by recruitment of the posterior auditory field (PAF), an area that is typically involved in localization of sounds in normal hearing animals. To characterize the anatomical changes that underlie this phenomenon, we identified the thalamic and cortical projections to the PAF in hearing cats and those with early‐ and late‐onset deafness. The retrograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine was deposited in the PAF unilaterally, to label cortical and thalamic afferents. Following early deafness, there was a significant decrease in callosal projections from the contralateral PAF. Late‐deaf animals showed small‐scale changes in projections from one visual cortical area, the posterior ectosylvian field (EPp), and the multisensory zone (MZ). With the exception of these minor differences, connectivity to the PAF was largely similar between groups, with the principle projections arising from the primary auditory cortex (A1) and the ventral division of the medial geniculate body (MGBv). This absence of large‐scale connectional change suggests that the functional reorganization that follows sensory loss results from changes in synaptic strength and/or unmasking of subthreshold intermodal connections. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3042–3063, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis and implementation of a power management unit with a multiratio switched capacitor DC–DC converter for a supercapacitor power supply
Authors: Madeira Ricardo , Paulino Nuno
Published: March 2016

An energy‐harvesting system requires an energy‐storing device to store the energy retrieved from the surrounding environment. Rechargeable batteries are commonly used to store this energy; however, because of the limited number of charge/discharge cycles, they need to be periodically replaced. A supercapacitor, which has, ideally, a limitless number of charge/discharge cycles, avoids this problem. In this case, it is required for the power management unit to produce a constant output voltage as the supercapacitor discharges. This paper presents a system with a multiratio switched capacitor DC–DC converter, in a 130‐nm technology, with a maximum output power of 2 mW, a maximum efficiency of 79.63% and a maximum output ripple, in the steady state, of 23 mV for an input voltage range of 2.3–0.87 V. The proposed converter has four operation states, to maximize its efficiency, that correspond to the conversion ratios of 1/2, 2/3, 1/1 and 3/2. Its clock frequency is automatically adjusted to produce a stable output voltage of 1 V. These features are implemented through two distinct controller circuits that use two asynchronous time machines to dynamically adjust the clock frequency and to select the active state of the converter. All the theoretical expressions as well as the behaviour of the whole system were verified by using electrical simulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Architecture of the deep critical zone in the Río Icacos watershed (Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory, Puerto Rico) inferred from drilling and ground penetrating radar (GPR)
Authors: Orlando Joe , Comas Xavier , Hynek Scott A. , Buss Heather L. , Brantley Susan L.
Published: March 2016

In the critical zone, surficial bedrock interactions result in the formation of a mantle of chemically‐ and physically‐altered material defined here as regolith. In the watershed of the Río Icacos, an upland river draining the Luquillo Mountains in tropical Puerto Rico, we explored the influence of lithology (quartz diorite versus hornfels‐facies volcaniclastic rock) on weathering. Regolith profiles were studied by drilling boreholes and imaging the subsurface using ground penetrating radar (GPR). Overall, the regolith structure is not laterally continuous but rather is punctuated by zones of deep fractures that host in situ weathering, corestones, and colluvial material. GPR images of these vertical zones show reflectors at 15–20 m depth. Thus, the architecture of the critical zone in the upper Luquillo Mountains is highly dependent on lithology and its influence on fracture development. At the highest elevations where hornfels overlies quartz diorite, positive feedbacks occur when the water table drops so that oxidative weathering of biotite in the more felsic rock creates microfractures and allows deeper infiltration of meteoric waters. Such exposure results in some of the fastest weathering rocks in the world and may contribute to formation of the knickpoint in the Río Icacos watershed. This work represents the first study combining GPR and drilling to look at the structure of the deep critical zone and demonstrates: (1) the importance of combining direct methods (such as drilling) with indirect methods (such as GPR) to understand the architecture of the critical zone in tropical systems; (2) the interplay of the surficial stress regime, lithology and climate in dictating the architecture of weathering. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contrasting biogeomorphic processes affecting salt‐marsh development of the Mokbaai, Texel, The Netherlands
Authors: Baptist Martin J. , de Groot Alma V. , van Duin Willem E.
Published: March 2016

The growth and decline of salt marshes may be the result of various interacting biogeomorphic processes and external factors. We present a case study of the Mokbaai on the Wadden island of Texel, where we assess the relative importance and the interaction between the biogeomorphic processes and various disturbances. We analysed changes in vegetation composition in the salt marsh and sedimentation–erosion patterns of the adjoining intertidal flat over a 30‐year period. Vegetation underwent regression in the lower parts of the marsh, i.e. the low marsh zone changed into pioneer zone. Comparing elevation measurements from 2013 and 1983 showed that the adjoining intertidal flats eroded 15–25 cm. Maintenance dredging of a nearby harbour might negatively impact the sediment balance indicating that the regression of the lower parts of the salt marsh is caused by a lack of sediment. Simultaneously, a change in the local hydrology led to vegetation succession into high and brackish salt marsh, increased organic sediment production and consequently cliff formation. The results from this case study show that, even in a relatively small salt marsh, changes in external factors may set in motion a series of biogeomorphic processes and feedbacks, leading to locally contrasting trends in spatiotemporal development. © 2016 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mechanisms of phenanthrene toxicity in the soil invertebrate, Enchytraeus crypticus
Authors: Roelofs Dick , Bicho Rita C. , de Boer Tjalf E. , Castro-Ferreira Marta P. , Montagne-Wajer Kora , van Gestel Cornelis A.M. , Soares Amadeu M.V.M. , van Straalen Nico M. , Amorim Mónica J.B.
Published: March 2016

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) continue to cause environmental challenges as a result of their release into the environment by a great variety of anthropogenic activities and their accumulation in soils. Studies were conducted on the toxicological effect of the model PAH phenanthrene using the soil invertebrate model Enchytraeus crypticus at the individual, tissue, and molecular levels. Animals were exposed for 2 d and 21 d to phenanthrene concentrations corresponding to the (previously estimated) 3-wk effective concentration, 10% (EC10) and EC50 for effects on reproduction. Gene expression profiling did not reveal a typical phenanthrene-induced biotransformation signature, as it usually does in arthropods and vertebrates. Instead, after 2 d of exposure, only general metabolic processes were affected, such as translation and adenosine triphosphate synthesis-coupled electron transport. Histological sections of tissues of 2-d exposed animals showed no deviations from control. In contrast, after prolonged exposure of up to 21 d, histopathological effects were found: chloragogenous cells were highly vacuolated and hypertrophic. This was corroborated by differential expression of genes related to immune response and oxidative stress at the transcriptomic level. The data exemplify the complexity and species-specific features of PAH toxicity among soil invertebrate communities, which restricts read-across and extrapolation in the context of soil ecological risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2713–2720. © 2016 SETAC
The effects of zinc on the structure and functioning of a freshwater community: A microcosm experiment
Authors: Van de Perre Dimitri , Roessink Ivo , Janssen Colin R. , Smolders Erik , Van Regenmortel Tina , Van Wichelen Jeroen , Vyverman Wim , Van den Brink Paul J. , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C.
Published: March 2016

A major problem with risk assessment of chemicals is the extrapolation of laboratory single-species toxicity tests, which oversimplify the actual field situation by ignoring species interactions, to natural communities. The authors tested if the bioavailability-normalized 5% hazardous concentration (HC5) estimated from chronic planktonic single-species toxicity data (HC5plankton) for zinc (Zn) is protective for a plankton community and investigated the direct and indirect effects of Zn (at HC5 and HC50) on a freshwater community's structure and function. Microcosms were exposed to 3 different Zn concentrations (background, HC5plankton = 75 μg Zn/L and HC50plankton = 300 μg Zn/L) for 5 wk. The planktonic groups revealed a consistent no-observed-effect concentration for the community of 75 μg Zn/L, similar to or higher than the HC5plankton, thus suggesting its protectiveness in the present study. At 300 μg Zn/L a significant reduction in cladocerans resulted in increases of rotifer, ciliate, and phytoplankton abundance. In addition, the phytoplankton community shifted in dominance from grazing-resistant to edible species. Contrary to the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) prediction, which identified phytoplankton as the most sensitive group, only the total chlorophyll and the abundance of 2 phytoplankton species were adversely affected at 300 μg Zn/L. Thus, although the HC5 estimated from the bioavailability-normalized SSD was overall protective for the plankton community, the SSD was not able to correctly predict the species sensitivity ranking within their community context at the HC50. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2698–2712. © 2016 SETAC
An efficient numerical method for reactive flow with general equation of states
Authors: Zeng Xianyang , Xiao Min , Ni Guoxi
Published: March 2016

This paper presents an efficient method to simulate the reactive flow for general equation of states with the compressible fluid model coupled with reactive rate equation. The important aspect is to deal with mixture of different phases in one cell, which will inevitably happen in the Eulerian method for reactive flow. Physical variables such as the pressure,velocity, and speed of sound in each cell need to be reconstructed for the Harten‐Lax‐Leer‐Contact (HLLC) Riemann solver, which will result in nonlinear algebra equations, and these reconstructed variables are used to obtain the flux. Numerical examples of stable and unstable detonations with different equation of states demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in the acute general medical hospital: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: White Nicola , Leurent Baptiste , Lord Kathryn , Scott Sharon , Jones Louise , Sampson Elizabeth L
Published: March 2016

Background

The acute hospital is a challenging place for a person with dementia. Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common and may be exacerbated by the hospital environment. Concerns have been raised about how BPSD are managed in this setting and about over reliance on neuroleptic medication. This study aimed to investigate how BPSD are managed in UK acute hospitals.

Method(s)

A longitudinal cohort of 230 patients with dementia admitted to two acute NHS hospitals. BPSD were measured every four days (Behave‐AD scale), as well as documentation of pharmacological prescriptions and non‐pharmacological management.

Results

The overall prevalence of BPSD was 75%, with aggression and activity disturbance being the most common. Antipsychotics were prescribed for 28 (12%) patients; 70% of these prescriptions were new on admission. Benzodiazepines were prescribed for 27 (12%) patients, antidepressants were prescribed for 37 (16%) patients, and sedatives were prescribed for 14 (3%) patients. Patients who were prescribed antipsychotics, after adjusting for end of life medication, age and dementia severity, were significantly more likely to die (adjusted hazard ratio 5.78, 95% CI 1.57, 21.26, p = 0.008). Non‐pharmacological management was used in 55% of participants, most commonly psychosocial interventions (36%) with little evidence of monitoring their effectiveness. A form of restraint was used during 50 (22%) patients' admissions.

Conclusions

Antipsychotic medications and psychosocial interventions were the main methods used to manage BPSD; however, these were not implemented or monitored in a systematic fashion.
Depressive symptoms in early‐ and late‐onset older bipolar patients compared with younger ones
Authors: García‐López Aurelio , Ezquiaga Elena , De Dios Consuelo , Agud Jose Luis
Published: March 2016

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine clinical and outcome differences between older bipolar patients with early onset (EO) and late onset (LO) of the illness and between younger and EO older patients with a bipolar disorder under long‐term treatment in an outpatient clinical setting.

Methods

Three hundred ninety‐five bipolar I and II outpatients were followed up for up to 7.7 years. Of these, 213 younger (<50 years) and 88 older (>60 years) patients were included. In the older subsample, 50 EO patients (onset <50 years) versus 38 LO patients (≥50 years) were analyzed. Likewise, younger versus EO older patients were compared.

Results

The likelihood of LO older patients of being bipolar II was higher than for EO older patients. They were also diagnosed earlier than EO older patients. No other clinical differences at baseline and at the prospective follow‐up were found. Compared with younger patients, EO older patients had more frequent depressive symptoms at baseline, suffered more major depressive episodes in the previous year and in the prospective follow‐up, received more antidepressants at baseline, had higher rates of medical comorbid conditions and were less likely to be tobacco smokers.

Conclusions

Older patients constitute a meaningful proportion of bipolar patients under treatment. EO older patients suffered significantly from more frequent depressive symptoms than younger ones. LO older patients were predominantly bipolar II. So as bipolar illness progressed, depressive symptomatology became more frequent and manic episodes were less severe. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of change in FreeSurfer version on classification accuracy of patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Chepkoech Joy‐Loi , Walhovd Kristine B. , Grydeland Håkon , Fjell Anders M. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: March 2016

Studies have found non‐negligible differences in cortical thickness estimates across versions of software that are used for processing and quantifying MRI‐based cortical measurements, and issues have arisen regarding these differences, as obtained estimates could potentially affect the validity of the results. However, more critical for diagnostic classification than absolute thickness estimates across versions is the inter‐subject stability. We aimed to investigate the effect of change in software version on classification of older persons in groups of healthy, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. Using MRI samples of 100 older normal controls, 100 with mild cognitive impairment and 100 Alzheimer's Disease patients obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database, we performed a standard reconstruction processing using the FreeSurfer image analysis suite versions 4.1.0, 4.5.0 and 5.1.0. Pair‐wise comparisons of cortical thickness between FreeSurfer versions revealed significant differences, ranging from 1.6% (4.1.0 vs. 4.5.0) to 5.8% (4.1.0 vs. 5.1.0) across the cortical mantle. However, change of version had very little effect on detectable differences in cortical thickness between diagnostic groups, and there were little differences in accuracy between versions when using entorhinal thickness for diagnostic classification. This lead us to conclude that differences in absolute thickness estimates across software versions in this case did not imply lacking validity, that classification results appeared reliable across software versions, and that classification results obtained in studies using different FreeSurfer versions can be reliably compared. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1831–1841, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retrograde intra‐arterial chemotherapy and daily concurrent proton beam therapy for recurrent oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Analysis of therapeutic results in 46 cases
Authors: Hayashi Yuichiro , Nakamura Tatsuya , Mitsudo Kenji , Yamaguchi Hisashi , Ono Takashi , Azami Yusuke , Takayama Kanako , Suzuki Motohisa , Hatayama Yoshiomi , Tsukiyama Iwao , Hareyama Masato , Kikuchi Yasuhiro , Fuwa Nobukazu , Tohnai Iwai
Published: March 2016

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicities of proton beam therapy combined with intra‐arterial infusion chemotherapy via superficial temporal and occipital arteries for recurrent oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods

Between October 2009 and June 2013, 46 patients with recurrent oral cavity SCC were treated by proton beam therapy combined with intra‐arterial infusion chemotherapy of cisplatin (CDDP) and docetaxel. Treatment consisted of proton beam therapy (28.6–74.8 GyE in 13–34 fractions) and intra‐arterial infusion chemotherapy (CDDP, 30–50 mg/body/week; docetaxel, 5–25 mg/body/week).

Results

One‐year and 2‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 65% and 46%, respectively. One‐year and 2‐year local control rates were 81% and 70%, respectively.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that proton beam therapy combined with intra‐arterial infusion chemotherapy could be applied effectively and safely for patients with recurrent oral cavity SCC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1145–1151, 2016
Effects of Grip Curvature and Hand Anthropometry for the Unimanual Operation of Touchscreen Handheld Devices
Authors: Ahn Sung Hee , Kwon Sanghyun , Bahn Sangwoo , Yun Myung Hwan , Yu Wooyeon
Published: March 2016

This study evaluated the effect of hand anthropometry and screen curvatures of handheld devices on hand comfort during single‐hand touchscreen operations. By employing both subjective ratings and electromyography methods, the comfort level was measured using three mock‐up devices with different curvatures; one was flat and the others had curvatures of 400 R and 100 R. The participants were classified by sizes and shapes of their preferred hand based on factor analysis results. In this study, 26 adults in their 20s and 30s participated in the experiment of tapping and dragging tasks with the mock‐ups. The results indicated that the curvatures of the handheld touchscreen devices did not affect muscle activity but perceived comfort. On the other way around, size and shape of hand were found as the factors to affect muscle activities but not perceived comfort. The interaction effects between size and shape of hand were found as well. Overall, this study suggests that curvature and anthropometric characteristics of hand is the common factor in determining comfort for the handheld device design. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of interleukin‐6 and serotonin as biomarkers to predict response to fluoxetine
Authors: Manoharan Aarthi , Rajkumar Ravi Philip , Shewade Deepak Gopal , Sundaram Rajan , Muthuramalingam Avin , Paul Abialbon
Published: March 2016

Objective

Only 30% of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients achieve complete remission with a serotonergic antidepressant (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor). We investigated the potential of serotonin (5‐HT) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) to serve as functional biomarkers of fluoxetine response.

Methods

Serum IL‐6 and 5‐HT were measured in 73 MDD patients (39 responders and 34 non‐responders) pre‐ and 6 weeks post‐treatment and in 44 normal controls with ELISA. Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine were measured using LC MS/MS.

Results

IL‐6 levels were significantly higher in MDD patients when compared with controls (p < 0.01), and 5‐HT levels were significantly lower in non‐responders compared with controls (p = 0.0131). Pre‐ and post‐treatment levels of both biomarkers individually and in combination did not significantly differ between responders and non‐responders. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the biomarkers was 0.5. Significant correlation was seen between the percentage change in IL‐6 and percentage change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score in responders. Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine concentrations were not significantly different in responders and non‐responders, and there was no correlation between fluoxetine concentrations and percentage reduction in 5‐HT from week 0 to 6.

Conclusion

5‐HT and IL‐6 may not serve as useful markers of response to fluoxetine because of inconsistent results across different studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triclosan is a mitochondrial uncoupler in live zebrafish
Authors: Shim Juyoung , Weatherly Lisa M. , Luc Richard H. , Dorman Maxwell T. , Neilson Andy , Ng Ryan , Kim Carol H. , Millard Paul J. , Gosse Julie A.
Published: March 2016

Triclosan (TCS) is a synthetic antimicrobial agent used in many consumer goods at millimolar concentrations. As a result of exposure, TCS has been detected widely in humans. We have recently discovered that TCS is a proton ionophore mitochondrial uncoupler in multiple types of living cells. Here, we present novel data indicating that TCS is also a mitochondrial uncoupler in a living organism: 24‐hour post‐fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos. These experiments were conducted using a Seahorse Bioscience XFe 96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer modified for bidirectional temperature control, using the XF96 spheroid plate to position and measure one zebrafish embryo per well. Using this method, after acute exposure to TCS, the basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) increases, without a decrease in survival or heartbeat rate. TCS also decreases ATP‐linked respiration and spare respiratory capacity and increases proton leak: all indicators of mitochondrial uncoupling. Our data indicate, that TCS is a mitochondrial uncoupler in vivo, which should be taken into consideration when assessing the toxicity and/or pharmaceutical uses of TCS. This is the first example of usage of a Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer to measure bioenergetic flux of a single zebrafish embryo per well in a 96‐well assay format. The method developed in this study provides a high‐throughput tool to identify previously unknown mitochondrial uncouplers in a living organism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Danio rerio ABC transporter genes abcb3 and abcb7 play a protecting role against metal contamination
Authors: Lerebours Adélaïde , To Van Vinh , Bourdineaud Jean‐Paul
Published: March 2016

ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) proteins are efflux transporters and some of them are involved in xenobiotic detoxification. The involvement of four zebrafish ABC transporters in cadmium, zinc and mercury detoxification was characterized in a metal hypersensitive mutant of Escherichia coli. The E. coli tolC mutant expressing ABCB3 or ABCB7 transporters exhibited higher survival ratios and lower metal accumulation under a metal exposure condition than the controls. For instance, in the presence of 8 and 10 μM of HgCl2, the survival ratios of bacteria expressing ABCB3 were four and six‐times higher than the control whereas the mercury concentrations were 2.5 and 2‐times lower than in the control. This work provides new data on the function of zebrafish ABCB3 and ABCB7 transporters and highlights their significance in metal detoxification. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localized Movement and Levels of 53BP1 Protein Are Changed by γ‐irradiation in PML Deficient Cells
Authors: Legartová Soňa , Sehnalová Petra , Malyšková Barbora , Küntziger Thomas , Collas Philippe , Cmarko Dušan , Raška Ivan , Sorokin Dmitry V. , Kozubek Stanislav , Bártová Eva
Published: March 2016

We studied epigenetics, distribution pattern, kinetics, and diffusion of proteins recruited to spontaneous and γ‐radiation‐induced DNA lesions. We showed that PML deficiency leads to an increased number of DNA lesions, which was accompanied by changes in histone signature. In PML wt cells, we observed two mobile fractions of 53BP1 protein with distinct diffusion in spontaneous lesions. These protein fractions were not detected in PML‐deficient cells, characterized by slow‐diffusion of 53BP1. Single particle tracking analysis revealed limited local motion of 53BP1 foci in PML double null cells and local motion 53BP1 foci was even more reduced after γ‐irradiation. However, radiation did not change co‐localization between 53BP1 nuclear bodies and interchromatin granule‐associated zones (IGAZs), nuclear speckles, or chromocenters. This newly observed interaction pattern imply that 53BP1 protein could be a part of not only DNA repair, but also process mediated via components accumulated in IGAZs, nuclear speckles, or paraspeckles. Together, PML deficiency affected local motion of 53BP1 nuclear bodies and changed composition and a number of irradiation‐induced foci. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2583–2596, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DNA Repair in Despair—Vitamin D Is Not Fair
Authors: Gocek Elżbieta , Studzinski George P.
Published: March 2016

The role of vitamin D as a treatment option for neoplastic diseases, once considered to have a bright future, remains controversial. The preclinical studies discussed herein show compelling evidence that Vitamin D Derivatives (VDDs) can convert some cancer and leukemia cells to a benign phenotype, by differentiation/maturation, cell cycle arrest, or induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, there is considerable, though still evolving, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes. However, the attempts to clearly document that the treatment outcomes of human neoplastic diseases can be positively influenced by VDDs have been, so far, disappointing. The clinical trials to date of VDDs, alone or combined with other agents, have not shown consistent results. It is our contention, shared by others, that there were limitations in the design or execution of these trials which have not yet been fully addressed. Based on the connection between upregulation of JNK by VDDs and DNA repair, we propose a new avenue of attack on cancer cells by increasing the toxicity of the current, only partially effective, cancer chemotherapeutic drugs by combining them with VDDs. This can impair DNA repair and thus kill the malignant cells, warranting a comprehensive study of this novel concept. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1733–1744, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
STAT5A Modulates Chemokine Receptor CCR6 Expression and Enhances Pre‐B Cell Growth in a CCL20‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Tsuruyama Tatsuaki , Hiratsuka Takuya , Aini Wulamujiang , Nakamura Takuro
Published: March 2016

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) contributes to B‐cell responses to cytokines through suppressor of cytokine signaling (Socs) genes in innate immunity. However, its direct roles in B‐cell responses to chemokines are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the role of STAT5A in the innate immune response. We found that STAT5A upregulated the transcription of C‐C motif receptor 6 (Ccr6) to induce responses to its ligand, CCL20. STAT5A transcriptional activity proceeded through binding to the interferon‐γ activation site (GAS) element in the CCR6 promoter in the genome of pre‐B cells. High levels of STAT5A and CCR6 increased CCL20‐dependent colony growth of pre‐B cells. In human B‐lymphoblastic lymphoma with inflammation, STAT5A phosphorylation was correlated with CCR6 expression (P > 0.05 compared with that in cases without inflammation). In conclusion, our data supported our hypothesis that STAT5A enhanced the response of pre‐B cells to CCL20 to promote their growth.   J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2630–2642, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Daily shifts in regulatory focus: The influence of work events and implications for employee well‐being
Authors: Koopmann Jaclyn , Lanaj Klodiana , Bono Joyce , Campana Kristie
Published: March 2016

Although theory suggests that regulatory focus fluctuates within person and such fluctuations impact employee well‐being, there is little empirical investigation of such propositions. These are important research questions to address because work events may elicit within‐person fluctuations in regulatory focus, which can then affect well‐being. The primary purpose of this study is to examine specific predictors of daily regulatory focus at work and the foci's impact on employee well‐being at work and home as indicated by mood and psychosomatic complaints, respectively. We present and test an overarching theoretical framework that integrates conservation of resources theory, the cognitive‐affective processing system framework, and regulatory focus theory to delineate why and when work events affect regulatory focus and how the foci affect well‐being. Consistent with our expectations, we found that positive work events positively predicted daily promotion focus, but this effect was weaker when employees had high‐quality relationships with leaders. Furthermore, daily regulatory focus was associated with employee well‐being (mood and psychosomatic complaints) such that (i) promotion focus improved well‐being; (ii) prevention focus reduced well‐being; and (iii) the effects of promotion focus on well‐being were strongest when prevention focus was low. We discuss theoretical and practical implications and offer directions for future research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early results using a biodegradable magnesium screw for modified chevron osteotomies
Authors: Plaass Christian , Ettinger Sarah , Sonnow Lena , Koenneker Soeren , Noll Yvonne , Weizbauer Andreas , Reifenrath Janin , Claassen Leif , Daniilidis Kiriakos , Stukenborg‐Colsman Christina , Windhagen Henning
Published: March 2016

This is the first larger study analyzing the use of magnesium‐based screws for fixation of modified Chevron osteotomies in hallux valgus surgery. Forty‐four patients (45 feet) were included in this prospective study. A modified Chevron osteotomy was performed on every patient and a magnesium screw used for fixation. The mean clinical follow up was 21.4 weeks. The mean age of the patients was 45.5 years. Forty patients could be provided with the implant, in four patients the surgeon decided to change to a standard metallic implant. The AOFAS, FAAM and pain NRS‐scale improved markedly. The hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle and sesamoid position improved significantly. Seven patients showed dorsal subluxation, rotation or medial shifting of the metatarsal heads within the first 3 months. One of these patients was revised, in all others the findings were considered clinically not significant or the patients refused revision. This study shows the feasibility of using magnesium screws in hallux valgus‐surgery. Surgeons starting with the use of these implants should be aware of the proper handling of these implants and should know about corrosion effects during healing and its radiographic appearance. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:2207–2214, 2016.
Red gemstone characterization by micro‐Raman spectroscopy: the case of rubies and their imitations
Authors: Barone G. , Bersani D. , Lottici P. P. , Mazzoleni P. , Raneri S. , Longobardo U.
Published: March 2016

In the framework of a wide project aimed to study the potential of Raman spectroscopy in characterizing gems, jewels and jewellers’ collections, in this work the results of a micro‐Raman investigation on red gemstones are proposed. In detail, a set of red gems supplied by a jeweller as representative of the current red gems in the trade were analyzed by using micro‐Raman instrumentations equipped with different laser excitation sources. The obtained results allow not only discriminating rubies from simulant and fakes but also achieving useful information on inclusions and treatments, obtaining a complete characterization of the studied red gems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population vital rates of resident and translocated female greater sage‐grouse
Authors: Gruber‐Hadden Natasha W. , Messmer Terry A. , Maxfield Brian D. , Koons David N. , Guttery Michael R.
Published: March 2016

Translocations have been recommended to reestablish, augment, and sustain genetic diversity in declining wildlife populations, including greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage‐grouse). Characteristics of successful sage‐grouse translocations include suitable contiguous sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), seasonal habitats surrounded by geomorphic barriers, a residual resident population, and pre‐nesting releases. From 2009 to 2010, we studied vital rates of 60 translocated and 15 resident radio‐marked female sage‐grouse and their broods on Anthro Mountain, in the Ashley National Forest, northeastern Utah, USA to determine whether translocations could augment a declining meta‐population that inhabited suitable breeding habitats in a small spatially isolated landscape. Survival rates, and nest and brood success estimates for the resident and translocated sage‐grouse we studied were lower than reported range‐wide averages. Nest success was similar for resident and translocated birds (survival estimate: 0.468, 95% CI = 0.288–0.648) and we calculated weak, yet positive relationships to grass height and grass cover. Daily survival rates for chicks 0–19 days of age for resident females in 2009 (0.904, CI = 0.875–0.940) and in 2010 (0.910, CI = 0.888–0.945) were higher than for chicks raised by translocated females (0.883, CI = 0.850–0.915; 0.892, CI = 0.856–0.936, respectively), although differences were small and all 95% confidence intervals had substantial overlap. In 2009 and 2010, daily survival rates for chick 20–50 days of age were slightly higher for chicks reared by resident females (0.980, CI = 0.963–0.994; 0.998, CI = 0.978–1.000, respectively) than chicks reared by translocated females (0.877, CI = 0.623–0.959; 0.988, CI = 0.945–0.993, respectively). Chick survival for both groups was weakly correlated with grass cover. Although most translocated birds remained on the study area (82%), the low overall survival rates we report indicate that managers need to consider factors affecting survival of adult females, nests, and chicks when planning future translocations to augment sage‐grouse meta‐populations that occupy spatially isolated and space‐limited habitats. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Roost site selection by ring‐billed and herring gulls
Authors: Clark Daniel E. , DeStefano Stephen , MacKenzie Kenneth G. , Koenen Kiana K. G. , Whitney Jillian J.
Published: March 2016

Gulls (Larus spp.) commonly roost in large numbers on inland and coastal waters, yet there is little information on how or where gulls choose sites for roosting. Roost site selection can lead to water quality degradation or aviation hazards when roosts are formed on water supply reservoirs or are close to airports. Harassment programs are frequently initiated to move or relocate roosting gulls but often have mixed results because gulls are reluctant to leave or keep returning. As such, knowledge of gull roost site selection and roosting ecology has applied and ecological importance. We used satellite telemetry and an information‐theoretic approach to model seasonal roost selection of ring‐billed (L. delawarensis) and herring gulls (L. argentatus) in Massachusetts, USA. Our results indicated that ring‐billed gulls preferred freshwater roosts and will use a variety of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Herring gulls regularly roosted on fresh water but used salt water roosts more often than ring‐billed gulls and also roosted on a variety of land habitats. Roost modeling showed that herring and ring‐billed gulls selected inland fresh water roosts based on size of the water body and proximity to their last daytime location; they selected the largest roost closest to where they ended the day. Management strategies to reduce or eliminate roosting gulls could identify and try to eliminate other habitat variables (e.g., close‐by foraging sites) that are attracting gulls before attempting to relocate or redistribute (e.g., through hazing programs) roosting birds. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Short Anabolic Peptides for Bone Growth
Authors: Amso Zaid , Cornish Jillian , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: March 2016

Loss of bone occurs in the age‐related skeletal disorder, osteoporosis, leading to bone fragility and increased incidence of fractures, which are associated with enormous costs and substantial morbidity and mortality. Recent data indicate that osteoporotic fractures are more common than other diseases, which usually attract public attention (e.g., heart attack and breast cancer). The prevention and treatment of this skeletal disorder are therefore of paramount importance. Majority of osteoporosis medications restore skeletal balance by reducing osteoclastic activity, thereby reducing bone resorption. These agents, however, do not regenerate damaged bone tissue, leaving limited options for patients once bone loss has occurred. Recently, attention has turned to bone‐anabolic agents. Such agents have the ability to increase bone mass and strength, potentially reversing structural damage. To date, only one bone‐anabolic drug is available in the market. The discovery of more novel, cost‐effective bone anabolic agents is therefore a priority to treat those suffering from this disabling condition. Short peptides offer an important alternative for the development of novel bone‐anabolic agents given their high target binding specificity, which translates into potent activity with limited side effects. This review summarizes attempts in the identification of bone‐anabolic peptides, and their development for promoting bone growth.
Free versus perforator‐pedicled propeller flaps in lower extremity reconstruction: What is the safest coverage? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bekara Farid , Herlin Christian , Somda Serge , de Runz Antoine , Grolleau Jean Louis , Chaput Benoit
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Currently, increasingly reconstructive surgeon consider the failure rates of perforator propeller flaps especially in the distal third of the lower leg are too important and prefer to return to the use of free flap at first line option with failure rates frequently lower than 5%. So, we performed a systematic review with meta‐analysis comparing free flaps (perforator‐based or not) and pedicled‐propeller flaps to respond to the question “what is the safest coverage for distal third of the lower limb?”

Methods

This review was conducted according to PRISMA criteria. From 1991 to 2015, MEDLINE®, Pubmed central, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched. The pooled estimations were performed by meta‐analysis. The homogeneity Q statistic and the I2 index were computed.

Results

We included 36 articles for free flaps (1,226 flaps) and 19 articles for pedicled‐propeller flaps (302 flaps). The overall failure rate was 3.9% [95%CI:2.6–5.3] for free flaps and 2.77% [95%CI:0.0–5.6] for pedicled‐propeller flaps (P = 0.36). The complication rates were 19.0% for free flaps and 21.4% for pedicled‐propeller flaps (P = 0.37). In more detail, we noted for free flaps versus pedicled‐propeller flaps: partial necrosis (2.70 vs. 6.88%, P = 0.001%), wound dehiscence (2.38 vs. 0.26%, P = 0.018), infection (4.45 vs. 1.22%, P = 0.009). The coverage failure rate was 5.24% [95%CI:3.68–6.81] versus 2.99% [95%CI:0.38–5.60] without significant difference (P = 0.016).

Conclusion

In the lower limb the complications are not rare and many teams consider the free flaps to be safer. In this meta‐analysis we provide evidence that failure and overall complications rate of perforator propeller flaps are comparable with free flaps. Although, partial necrosis is significantly higher for pedicled‐propeller flaps than free flaps, in reality the success of coverage appears similar. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 38:109–119, 2018.