bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wikipedia-Based Relatedness Measurements for Multilingual Short Text Clustering
Authors: Nakamura Tatsuya , Shirakawa Masumi , Hara Takahiro , Nishio Shojiro
Published: December 2018

Throughout the world, people can post information about their local area in their own languages using social networking services. Multilingual short text clustering is an important task to organize such information, and it can be applied to various applications, such as event detection and summarization. However, measuring the relatedness between short texts written in various languages is a challenging problem. In addition to handling multiple languages, the semantic gaps among all languages must be considered. In this article, we propose two Wikipedia-based semantic relatedness measurement methods for multilingual short text clustering. The proposed methods solve the semantic gap problem by incorporating the inter-language links of Wikipedia into Extended Naive Bayes (ENB), a probabilistic method that can be applied to measure semantic relatedness among monolingual short texts. The proposed methods represent a multilingual short text as a vector of the English version of Wikipedia articles (entities). By transferring texts to a unified vector space, the relatedness between texts in different languages with similar meanings can be increased. We also propose an approach that can improve clustering performance and reduce the processing time by eliminating language-specific entities in the unified vector space. Experimental results on multilingual Twitter message clustering revealed that the proposed methods outperformed cross-lingual explicit semantic analysis, a previously proposed method to measure relatedness between texts in different languages. Moreover, the proposed methods were comparable to ENB applied to texts translated into English using a proprietary translation service. The proposed methods enabled relatedness measurements for multilingual short text clustering without requiring machine translation processes.
Unraveling the Cellular Mechanism of Assembling Cholesterols for Selective Cancer Cell Death
Authors: Wang Huaimin , Feng Zhaoqianqi , Yang Cuihong , Liu Jinjian , Medina Jamie E. , Aghvami S. Ali , Dinulescu Daniela M. , Liu Jianfeng , Fraden Seth , Xu Bing
Published: December 2018

Acquired drug resistance remains a challenge in chemotherapy. Here we show enzymatic, in situ assembling of cholesterol derivatives to act as polypharmaceuticals for selectively inducing death of cancer cells via multiple pathways and without inducing acquired drug resistance. A conjugate of tyrosine and cholesterol (TC), formed by enzyme-catalyzed dephosphorylation of phosphorylate TC, self-assembles selectively on or in cancer cells. Acting as polypharmaceuticals, the assemblies of TC augment lipid rafts, aggregate extrinsic cell death receptors (e.g., DR5, CD95, or TRAILR), modulate the expression of oncoproteins (e.g., Src and Akt), disrupt the dynamics of cytoskeletons (e.g., actin filaments or microtubules), induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, and increase the production of reactive oxygen species, thus resulting in cell death and preventing acquired drug resistance. Moreover, the assemblies inhibit the growth of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer tumor in a murine model. This work illustrates the use of instructed assembly (iA) in cellular environment to form polypharmaceuticals in situ that not only interact with multiple proteins, but also modulate membrane dynamics for developing novel anticancer therapeutics.

Implications:

As a multifaceted strategy for controlling cancer cell death, iA minimized acquired resistance of cancer cells, which is a new strategy to amplify the genetic difference between cancer and normal cells and provides a promise for overcoming drug resistance in cancer therapy.

Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/17/4/907/F1.large.jpg.
Effects of Early Initiation of Solid Versus Liquid Diet after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection on Quality of Life and Postoperative Outcomes: A Prospective Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Miyakawa Akihiro , Kodera Satoshi , Sakuma Yukie , Shimada Taro , Kubota Manabu , Nakamura Akira , Itobayashi Ei , Shimura Haruhisa , Suzuki Yoshio , Sato Yasunori , Shimura Kenji
Published: December 2018

Background/Aims: Feeding recommendations after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric neoplasms are not established and based on clinical experience. Methods: This was a prospective pilot randomized controlled trial. Patients undergoing ESD for gastric neoplasms were randomly assigned to solid (n = 50) or liquid diet (n = 50) groups. Beginning the day after hemostasis confirmation until discharge, the solid diet group started on a diet of rice porridge, whereas the liquid diet group started on a liquid diet, with gradual transition to solid food. The primary endpoint was delayed bleeding rate. The secondary endpoints were quality of life (QOL), ulcer-stage, hospital fees, and post-ESD symptoms. Results: Delayed bleeding occurred in the solid diet group (2%) but not in the liquid diet group. The QOL evaluation using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and QLQ-STO22 showed better score in the solid diet group. The patients who felt dietary restriction at discharge was of a larger number in the liquid diet group (p = 0.019). More patients experienced appetite loss (p = 0.038), constipation (p = 0.022), and dietary restriction (p = 0.037) in the liquid diet group during hospitalization. The other endpoints were equivalent between the groups. Conclusion: Early initiation of solid foods after ESD is feasible and associated with higher QOL, potentially rendering conventional liquid diets unnecessary, although additional studies are needed (Trial registration number: UMIN000013297).
Ulipristal Acetate before Hysteroscopic and Laparoscopic Surgery for Uterine Myomas: Help or Hindrance?
Authors: Ferrero Simone , Vellone Valerio Gaetano , Barra Fabio , Scala Carolina
Published: December 2018

Background/aims: Ulipristal acetate ([UPA], Esmya®) is an orally active selective progesterone-receptor modulator that has been approved as preoperative treatment for uterine myomas. This systematic review aims to summarize the available data on surgical outcomes of patients undergoing myomectomy by hysteroscopy or by laparoscopy after preoperative treatment with UPA. Methods: this review was performed following PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018092201). PubMed, EMBASE, and Medline databases were systematically searched electronically until March 2018 for keywords concerning this topic. There were included only peer-reviewed, English language journal articles. Results: two prospective studies and 4 retrospective studies were included. The effect of UPA on the endometrium does not increase the technical difficulty during hysteroscopic myomectomy, but it increases the chance of complete primary resection in complex hysteroscopic myomectomies. Moreover, UPA does not increase the overall technical difficulty of laparoscopic myomectomy. Contradictory results have been reported on the impact of UPA on the separation of the myoma from the myometrium and on the consistency of the myomas. Conclusion: current results support the use of UPA prior to both surgical procedures. Further studies should confirm these preliminary findings and to assess the long-term outcomes of myomectomies following UPA treatment.
Fast skeletal troponin I, but not the slow isoform, is increased in patients under statin therapy: a pilot study
Authors: Trentini Alessandro , Manfrinato Maria C , Bellini Tiziana , Volta Carlo A , Hanau Stefania , Dalla Corte Francesca , Cervellati Carlo , Rosta Valentina , Spadaro Savino
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Statin therapy is often associated with muscle complaints and increased serum creatine kinase (CK). However, although essential in determining muscle damage, this marker is not specific for skeletal muscle. Recent studies on animal models have shown that slow and fast isoforms of skeletal troponin I (ssTnI and fsTnI, respectively) can be useful markers of skeletal muscle injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of ssTnI and fsTnI as markers to monitor the statin-induced skeletal muscle damage. Materials and methods: A total of 51 patients (14 using and 37 not using statins) admitted to the intensive care unit of the University of Ferrara Academic Hospital were included in this observational study. Serum activities of CK, aldolase, alanine aminotransferase and myoglobin were determined by spectrophotometric assays or routine laboratory analysis. Isoforms ssTnI and fsTnI were determined by commercially available ELISAs. The creatine kinase MB isoform (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were evaluated as biomarkers of cardiac muscle damage by automatic analysers. Results: Among the non-specific markers, only CK was significantly higher in statin users (P = 0.027). Isoform fsTnI, but not ssTnI, was specifically increased in those patients using statins (P = 0.009) evidencing the major susceptibility of fast-twitch fibres towards statins. Sub-clinical increase in fsTnI, but not CK, was more frequent in statin users (P = 0.007). Cardiac markers were not significantly altered by statins confirming the selectivity of the effect on skeletal muscle. Conclusions: Serum fsTnI could be a good marker for monitoring statin-associated muscular damage outperforming traditional markers.
A Russian Adaptation of the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being
Authors: Agarkov V. A. , Alexandrov Y. I. , Bronfman S. A. , Chernenko A. M. , Kapfhammer H. P. , Unterrainer H.-F.
Published: December 2018

It is intended in this study to present initial reliability and validity data for the Russian adaptation of the Multidimensional Inventory of Religious/Spiritual Well-being (MI-RSWB-R), as being related to personality factors and psychopathology. Therefore, the first version of the MI-RSWB-R was applied to a sample of 192 (147 females) non-clinical subjects, together with the NEO Five Factor Inventory and the Symptom-Check-List (SCL-90-R). The original six-factor structure of the scale could be replicated for the MI-RSWB-R, which also provides satisfying psychometric properties. In accordance with previous research the RSWB total score was linked to more favorable personality traits such as Extraversion ( r = .45), Openness to Experience ( r = .39), and Agreeableness ( r = .38), which was paralleled by substantial negative correlations with increased psychopathology. Our findings support the reliability and structural validity of the MI-RSWB-R as a standardized instrument for addressing the spiritual dimension in Russian populations. Further research in clinical surroundings is now recommended.
The Economic Dynamics of Climate Disruption and the Need for a Better Legal Theory
Authors: Driesen David M.
Published: December 2018

While the law of climate disruption constitutes a field of positivist study, the normative legal theory of climate disruption remains poorly understood. Many scholars treat climate-disruption law as another branch of neoclassical law and economics. This article argues that this approach does not fit climate law well and proposes an economic dynamic theory that provides a broad and useful framework for thinking about climate-disruption law and many other fields of law.
The Evolution of Differential Treatment in International Climate Law: Innovation, Experimentation, and ‘Hot’ Law
Authors: Huggins Anna
Published: December 2018

The UN climate regime is a domain of international environmental law (IEL) that has developed in distinctive ways. Applying insights from the work of Michel Callon, climate change is a ‘hot’ situation characterized by ongoing controversy, making it difficult to develop stable and sustainable legal frameworks to manage this state of flux. Building on Elizabeth Fisher’s work positing that environmental law has qualities of ‘hot’ law, this article argues that, in the context of the UN climate regime, the ‘hot’ nature of climate law is compounded by the geopolitical tensions among states in IEL, particularly the deep fault lines between developed and developing states. The novel legal and regulatory solutions that have been experimented with to address issues of differential treatment reflect attempts to manage and contain these ongoing controversies. The UN climate regime yields insights into the promises and pitfalls of designing international legal frameworks to respond to highly contested and divisive issues in a context in which states create, implement, and enforce legal rules.
A Conversation about Climate Change Law and the ‘International Community’
Authors: Carlarne Cinnamon P. , Helal Mohamed S.
Published: December 2018

As international climate change law approaches its third decade of existence, the field continues to evolve and prove resilient in the face of daunting political, technical, and economic challenges. Moving forward with efforts to structure effective responses to climate change requires scholars and policymakers to engage with the reality that international cooperation on climate change continues to lag. Early efforts to address climate change presumed the existence of an international community that would facilitate the level of cooperation needed to structure effective solutions to a massive and complex collective-action problem. This vision of the international community, however, is an illusion the reliance on which may hamper efforts to think critically about how to address the causes and consequences of climate change. Here, we deconstruct the idea of a cooperative, international community as an operative basis for international climate change law, with the hope of facilitating increasingly open conversation around effective and sustainable modes of cooperation in the future.
A Material Culture: Ottoman Velvets and Their Owners, 1600–1750
Authors: Phillips Amanda
Published: December 2018

This article traces changes in Ottoman voided and brocaded velvets (çatma) between the years of 1580 and 1740. It argues that demand for a distinctive type of cushion cover—which became an emblem of refined taste—substantially changed the nature of silk production in the weaving center of Bursa. Using estate inventories to trace the quantities and prices of çatma cushion covers, several trends emerge, the most significant being an increasing range of prices for the same category of textile and a sudden jump in çatma prices for the years after 1720 or so. Moreover, through technical analysis of extant çatmas, the agility with which the weavers diversified their production becomes clear. Finally, analysis coupled with price history also reveals a surprising fact: the new, elegant, and apparently sought-after style of çatma cushion cover commanded a higher price but cost less to weave.
The Eye of Reflection: Al-Nabulusi’s Spatial Interpretation of Ibn ʿArabi’s Tomb
Authors: Akkach Samer
Published: December 2018

Upon his takeover of Damascus in 1516, Sultan Salim hurriedly commissioned the building of a religious complex over the grave of the celebrated thirteenth-century Andalusian Sufi master Ibn ʿArabi, an act that was and still is shrouded with mystery and intrigue. The complex was constructed on a steep site at three levels, comprising a mosque, a tomb chamber, and an external garden. For 160 years following its construction, the building itself played no role in the intensifying debates over Ibn ʿArabi’s controversial, yet influential, teachings. In 1678, however, ʿAbd al-Ghani al-Nabulusi, a passionate follower and defender of Ibn ʿArabi, incorporated for the first time the architecture of the tomb in his multifaceted polemics. In a treatise titled Al-Sirr al-mukhtabī fī ḍarīḥ ibn al-ʿArabī, al-Nabulusi presented a sophisticated spatial interpretation of this rather humble building—its setting, design, and spatial layout—based on complex visual hermeneutics, according to which visible and invisible reality interplayed to construct a unique understanding of the tomb’s spatiality. This essay examines the sophisticated visual strategy with which al-Nabulusi interpreted the building to reveal its concealed mystery.
An Iskandarnāma of Nizami Produced for Ibrahim Sultan
Authors: Uluç Lâle
Published: December 2018

This paper introduces a copy of the Iskandarnāma of Nizami dated 1435 and dedicated to the Timurid prince Ibrahim Sultan, grandson of the eponymous founder of the Timurid dynasty. It discusses the various features of the manuscript together with comparable examples from the same period, and also focuses on Abu al-Fath Ibrahim Sultan ibn Shah Rukh and his role as both a military leader and a patron of the arts during his tenure as the governor of the provinces of Fars, Kirman, and Luristan (1414–35). Utilizing the visual data together with the historical context of the period, this essay interprets one of the illustrations of the Iskandarnāma, hoping to fulfill what David Summers called “the most basic task of art history,” which he says “is to explain why works of art look the way they look.” The addition of this Iskandarnāma manuscript to the surviving corpus of works that can be connected to Ibrahim Sultan will provide a further insight into the important patronage of this Timurid prince.
The Agdal of Marrakesh (12th to 20th Centuries): An Agricultural Space for Caliphs and Sultans. Part II: Hydraulics, Architecture, and Agriculture
Authors: Navarro Julio , Garrido Fidel , Almela Íñigo
Published: December 2018

The Agdal is a royal estate located south of Marrakesh, founded by the Almohad caliph Abu Yaʿqub Yusuf (r. 1163–84). Its current walled perimeter contains 340 hectares, mostly orchards that have been cultivated uninterruptedly, and more than 40 preserved buildings, with numerous archaeological remains scattered throughout its interior. This article is a continuation of one published previously in Muqarnas 34 (2017), which focused on the history of the estate and provided an analysis of the written sources. In this second part, we present an archaeological and architectural study of the Agdal from the material record that we documented in two archaeological surveys carried out in 2012 and 2014. We discuss the complex hydraulic system that has sustained the estate, the internal organization of the enclosures and plots, its diverse agricultural production, the configuration of palatine architecture and spaces for animals, as well as the successive historical transformations of the Agdal.
Oceans and Space: New Frontiers in Investment Protection?
Authors: Schill Stephan W. , Tams Christian J. , Hofmann Rainer
Published: December 2018

This article provides background and introduces into the overarching themes of the contributions to the Special Issue dealing with investment protection in areas beyond territorial jurisdiction at sea and in outer space. It explains that fast-paced commercialization, evolving technological advances, and the inevitable need for regulatory intervention make the oceans and space into an increasingly important topic in international investment law. At the same time, investment lawyers, as well as experts in the law of the sea and space law, have largely ignored the legal issues foreign investments raise in these spaces. The article sketches out a framework for addressing the underlying issues from an investment law perspective, pointing out both familiar conceptual approaches and novel challenges.
A Hypothesis on the Origin of Old Chinese Pharyngealization (上古漢語咽化聲母來源的一個假設)
Authors: Sagart (沙加爾) Laurent , Baxter (白一平) William H.
Published: December 2018

It is proposed that oc pharyngealized onset consonants—that is, ‘type-A’ onset consonants—arose out of Proto-Sino-Tibetan plain consonants followed by geminate vowels separated by a pharyngeal fricative. When the first copy of the geminate vowel fell, the initial consonants formed clusters with the pharyngeal fricative, evolving into the oc pharyngealized consonants we reconstruct. In the Kuki-Chin branch of Tibeto-Burman, the pharyngeal fricative fell, and long vowels resulted. This proposal supposes a statistical correlation between Kuki-Chin long vowels and oc type-A words on the one hand, and between Kuki-Chin short vowels and oc type-B words on the other, as originally proposed by S. Starostin. A significant statistic bearing on forty-three probable Chinese-Kuki-Chin cognates supports this correlation. Thus reconstructed, a precursor language of Proto-Sino-Tibetan was aligned with Proto-Austronesian and Proto-Austroasiatic in exhibiting a surface constraint against monomoraic free words: by that constraint, the vowel of an underlying monosyllable was realized as a geminate with an intervening parasitic consonant such as a glottal stop or a pharyngeal fricative, while the vowels of a disyllable remained nongeminate. After reduction of disyllables to monosyllables, this process resulted in a pharyngealized vs. nonpharyngealized consonant distinction in oc.

論文提出對上古漢語咽化聲母（即“A類聲母”）來源的一個假設，認為咽化聲母來源於原始漢藏語的無標記輔音，並且此無標記輔音後跟隨著由咽部擦音[ʕ]分割的雙胞元音（geminate vowels）。在雙胞元音的前半部分脫落後，輔音聲母跟咽部擦音形成了複輔音。新形成的複輔音最終演變為上古漢語的咽化聲母。而在藏緬語庫基-欽（Kuki-Chin）語支中，則是咽化擦音脫落，使雙胞元音變為長元音。本文解釋了漢語與庫基-欽語中一個統計學的顯著相關性：一方面，庫基-欽語含長元音的詞與上古漢語含A類聲母的詞呈顯著相關；另一方面，庫基-欽語含短元音的詞與上古漢語含B類聲母的詞呈顯著相關，正如斯塔羅金（S. Starostin）所說。據此構擬，我們提出原始漢藏語、原始南島語與原始南亞語中的一個共同限制（constraint）：禁止在語流中出現單音拍（monomoraic）詞。在這一限制的作用下，單音節詞的單元音發生了雙胞化（germination），雙胞元音中間插入了喉塞音或咽部擦音之類的次聲輔音。而同時，雙音節詞的元音無變化。漢語經過雙音節詞的單音節化，就形成了無標記輔音與咽化輔音的音位對立。(This article is in English.)
The Five Falling Contours in Jianyang MinTypological Significances (建陽閩語的聲調模式:兼論五條降拱的類型學意義)
Authors: Shen (沈瑞清) Ruiqing , Hong (洪英) Ying , Lam (林文芳) Man Fong , Zhu (朱曉農) Xiaonong
Published: December 2018

This paper has confirmed five falling contours in the Jianyang variety of Northern Min, {62, 52, 54, 43, 32}, which are typologically identified as High-Falling in Rg U, High-Falling in Rg M, Slight-Falling-H, Slight-Falling-L, and Pure Low Tone. The finding of this extreme case of falling contours has enriched the universal tonal inventory by adding two falling tonotypes: High-Falling in Rg U and Slight-Falling-L.

本文描寫閩北建陽話的聲調，幷從類型學角度對它們進行定位。建陽話除了一個升調、一個高短調跟一個平調外，還有五條降拱，{63, 52, 54, 43, 32} 對類型學構成很大的挑戰。在普適調型庫中它們可以確定爲四個降型調和一個純低調：上域高降型 /63/；常域高降型 /52/、高微降型 /54/、中微降型 /43/、純低調 /22/。這四個降型調的發現，對聲調類型學有三重意義：1）豐富了調型庫：原來微降只有一種，現在要增補一種；2）原來上域降調只有短降，現在要增補一種長降。3）證實了一個有五條降拱的極端例子。(This article is in Chinese.)
Wu “Voiced” Stops―A Cross-language Study
Authors: Shen Zhongwei
Published: December 2018

In order to better our understanding of the Wu “voiced stops”, we carried out a cross-language study of oral closure duration at word-initial position. In addition to Wu, three languages which are representative in the study of stop consonants—Hindi, Korean and English—are investigated. From the results of the analyses presented in this paper, it is shown that oral closure duration as a function of articulation is significant in distinguishing different stop categories. Thus, it is suggested that tenseness of oral gesture as reflected by closure duration should be used as a primary distinction in the classification of the Wu stop consonants in particular and of stop consonants in general.
A Study of the Variable ʑ in the Shanghai Urban Dialect: On the Permeation from the Dominant Dialect to the Local Dialect
Authors: Tao Huan , Zhang Ye
Published: December 2018

This article analyzes the permeation from the dominant dialect, Mandarin, to the Shanghai urban dialect, based on the change of xiyin syllables having the Cong initial. Combining random sampling and anonymous observation methods we investigated variations in consecutive age groups of speakers. Statistical analyses reveal that the Shanghai urban dialect is moving toward Mandarin. Under the pressure of the dominant dialect the change is in progress at the population, pragmatic, and lexical levels. These changes are explained within the framework of current theories of language change.
Pinworms (Nematoda: Thelastomatoidea) from Insects Collected in Mississippi, USA, with description of a new species of Protrellus Cobb, 1920 from the Cockroach Ischnoptera deropeltiformis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865 (Blattaria: Ectobiidae)
Authors: CARRENO RAMON A.
Published: December 2018

Thelastomatoid nematodes from the hindguts of several species of insects were collected in 4 localities in Mississippi, U.S.A. Protrellus browni n. sp. is described from Ischnoptera deropeltiformis (Blattaria: Ectobiidae) using light and scanning electron microscopy. This species is distinguished on the basis of its large size as well as its large eggs having one broad end tapering toward the opposite pole and with the presence of small spines on part of the shell. Protrellus aurifluus (Chitwood, 1932) Basir, 1956 was found in Parcoblatta fulvescens (Blattaria: Ectobiidae). Four other species of blattarians sampled were negative for pinworms. Additional nematodes recovered from other hosts included Zonothrix columbianus Adamson & Buck 1989 (Thelastomatoidea: Pseudonymidae) from Tropisternus blatchleyi blatchleyi and Tropisternus collaris (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), Hystrignathus rigidus Leidy, 1850 and Xyo pseudohystrix Travassos & Kloss, 1958 (Thelastomatoidea: Hystrignathidae) from Odontotaenius disjunctus (Coleoptera: Passalidae). These findings include several new host and geographical records.
Views From the Street Pilot Study: Constraints and Difficulties of Using Photographs in Research of a Complex Nature Such as Homelessness
Authors: Doukani Asmae , Wei Xingjie , Kader Bibi , Soazandry Fabien , Inkser Becky
Published: December 2018

Homeless people experience a unique set of challenges leading to pervasive health and social problems. An increasing number of researchers have harnessed photographic data to gain a unique perspective of marginalised groups. The aim of the study is to explore the feasibility of using photographs in research to understand the complex environment experienced by homeless people, with a special interest in mental health. Individuals who frequently attend homeless facilities in London were sensitively approached and asked if they would be interested in taking part in the ‘Views From the Street’ pilot study. Once agreement was confirmed through a formal consenting procedure, participants were asked to visually capture and upload their own digital photos, along with a brief description. The collection of data highlighted a number of barriers to engagement and acceptability, including issues around the level of familiarity with the recruiter, practicalities of participation, public perception of phone use, poor technical literacy, anonymity, and disassociation with the ‘homeless’ label. Recommendations are made for future research utilising photographic participatory designs with the homeless population.
Comparison of geophone and surface-deployed distributed acoustic sensing seismic data
Authors: Spikes Kyle T. , Tisato Nicola , Hess Thomas E. , Holt John W.
Published: December 2018

The rapid and nonintrusive deployment of seismic sensors for near-surface geophysical surveys is of interest to make data acquisition efficient and to operate in a wide variety of environmental and surface-terrain conditions. We have developed and compared near-surface data acquired using a traditional vertical geophone array with data acquired using three different fiber optic cables operating in a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) configuration. The DAS cables included a helically wrapped fiber, a nearly bare single-strand fiber, and an armored single-strand fiber. These three cables are draped on the ground alongside the geophones. Equivalent processing on colocated shot gathers resulted in a high level of similarity, in particular for reflection energy acquired through geophones and the helically wrapped cable. The single-strand fibers indicate much less similarity. Frequency content, however, differs in the raw and processed gathers from the geophones and the fiber optic cables. Nonetheless, results demonstrate that DAS technology can be used successfully to acquire near-surface reflection seismic data by deploying the cables on the surface. Potential applications for this technology include rapid deployment of active and/or passive arrays for near-surface geophysical characterization for various applications at different scales.
Cultura política patrimonialista e assistência social no Brasil
Authors: Pfeffer Renato Somberg
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo objetiva realizar uma reflexão acerca das relações entre a política de assistência social e a cultura patrimonialista brasileira. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica com consulta a autores que se dedicam ao estudo dos temas formação do Estado brasileiro, história da administração pública, história da assistência social no Brasil, com ênfase nos aspectos patrimonialismo versus modernização. A pesquisa, portanto, possui um caráter teórico e qualitativo. A hipótese que norteia o presente texto assenta-se na ideia de que a cultura política patrimonialista nas políticas estatais de assistência social, apesar de desafiada pela modernização capitalista do país, resistiu por meio de um processo de acomodação com a ordem racional-legal.
Africanos livres do Estabelecimento Naval do Itapura e Colônia Militar (1858-1872)
Authors: E Gonzaga da Silva Jéssica de Freitas
Published: December 2018

O artigo almeja apresentar a experiência dos africanos livres no Estabelecimento Naval do Itapura e Colônia Militar, a partir da análise de fontes pertencentes à Coleção Documentos Navais.  Dessa forma, pretendemos contribuir com subsídios para compreender o papel desempenhado pela Armada Imperial no tocante à adoção da escravização ilegal e como a Instituição atou nas negociações de emancipação por meio de políticas de concessão de alforria conduzidas pelo Capitão-Tenente, Antonio Mariano de Azevedo, Diretor de Itapura.
The impact of transition from British to Chinese rule on social service delivery systems in Hong Kong
Authors: Liu Helen K
Published: December 2018

One of the consequences of the transition from British to Chinese rule in Hong Kong has been the development of parallel social service delivery systems. On the one hand, the welfare bureaucracy is characterised by contractual relationships between the government and nonprofit organisations and is shaped by western ideas associated with new public management. On the other hand, the political machine is composed of locally elected representatives, community-based organisations (CBOs) and local residents and reflects traits of Chinese communism. This article investigates the interactions and strategies adopted by actors in these two systems in their attempt to control the delivery of social services. Crucially, it explores how these two systems interact and the impact on policy implementation. Evidence shows that CBOs provide a critical brokering role between elected political officials, the public and nonprofit organisations that is critical to maintaining the functionality of Hong Kong’s parallel social service delivery systems.
Uma revoada de pássaros: o protagonismo indígena no processo Constituinte
Authors: Barbosa João Mitia Antunha , Fagundes Marcelo Gonzalez Brasil
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo, a partir da revisão da bibliografia especializada sobre o movimento indígena e indigenista brasileiros, procura analisar os precedentes históricos, o contexto político e a conjuntura organizativa envolvidos no contexto de emergência e consolidação de um movimento indígena brasileiro, principalmente a partir do início da década de 1970, com o objetivo de melhor conhecer o período que antecede a instalação da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte e seu resultado final no texto da Constituição Federal de 1988, especificamente no que se refere aos direitos indígenas. Conclui-se que a organização de um movimento de caráter nacional e (minimamente) unificado em torno de pautas comuns possibilitou que os povos indígenas e seus aliados, através de certas lideranças com maior projeção para além das bases comunitárias, articulassem a instalação do debate a respeito dos direitos indígenas na pauta dos trabalhos da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte.
Uwagi o sytuacji prawnej zwierzęcia pokrzywdzonego czynem zabronionym w polskim procesie karnym
Authors: Mazur Paweł
Published: December 2018

The article is focused on the issues relating to a legal situation of an animal as a victim of a criminal offense. Currently, according to the rules of criminal procedure, an animal, as an entity, cannot be legally recognised a victim, which significantly lowers efficiency with which its interests can be protected. There are strong moral and pragmatic reasons to grant animals the status of a non-personal carrier of legal rights. Legal personality of animals as victims during a criminal trial should be of only passive nature, allowing recognition of legally-protected interests of the animal.
Characterization of Hazelnut Milk Powders: A Comparison of Spray-Drying and Freeze-Drying
Authors: Ermis Ertan , Güner Kübra Özkan , Yilmaz Mustafa Tahsin
Published: December 2018

Production of hazelnut milk powder (HMP) was investigated using maltodextrin (MD) as supporting material. Spray-drying and freeze-drying techniques were used to obtain the powder material. MD was added at concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% (w/w) prior to drying. The powder properties were evaluated by determining flowing properties (Hausner ratio and angle of repose), thermal behaviour using DSC, molecular properties using FTIR, solubility and zeta potential. Hausner Ratio for both spray dried (SDHMP) and freze-dried (FDHMP) samples varied from 1.30 to 1.64 corresponding to very poor flow. The FDHM powder samples exhibited slightly lower Hausner Ratio values than SDHM powders. FTIR spectras showed that both SDHM and FDHM exhibited similar absorbance characteristics with slight differences. Lower endothermic transition temperatures were recorded from FDHMP when compared to SDHMP. The solubility in water for both powder samples ranged from 20 to 65 % depending on the drying method and MD content. Based on the residual moisture content, water activity, solubility and flowability, spray drying process was found to produce better quality powders compared to freeze drying process.
Science in my life
Authors: Mascarenhas Yvonne Primerano
Published: December 2018

This paper presents an overview of my career from my first contact with chemistry in 1948, when I was in the second year of secondary school and realized, for the first time, the importance of this science. This discovery led me to focus my university studies toward a bachelor’s degree in Chemistry. It was then that I had my first experience with the discipline of Crystallography, taught by Elisiário Távora, a young mineralogist who received his doctorate from MIT. Recognizing the importance of X-ray Crystallography for the elucidation of the molecular and crystal structure of all substances and for the understanding of their chemical and physical properties, I decided to dedicate myself to improving my knowledge of this subject with several visits to excellent international research groups working under the supervision of well-known crystallographers. Along with my scientific activities in Crystallography, another of my interests was to contribute to efforts to increase the number of crystallographers in Brazil and Latin-America, orienting several Master and PhD students. The support given by foreign visiting scientists and by those that became permanent members of our Institute and of other Brazilian research groups have been very important throughout my career.
Negative Intra Group Network Externalities in a Monopolistic Two-Sided Market
Authors: Kurucu Gokce
Published: December 2018

This paper analyzes the optimal market structures and pricing strategies of a monopolist platform in a two-sided market where the agents on each side prefer the platform to be less competitive on their side; that is, in a market with negative intra-group network externalities. Results show that the equilibrium market structure varies with the extent of negative intra-group network externalities. If the negative network externalities are substantial, that is, if an agent’s disutility due to a larger sized market on his side is high (enough), then the profit-maximizing strategy for the matchmaker will be to match the highest types of one side with all of the agents on the other side. In that case, the matchmaker will charge a high entrance fee from the former side and allow free entrance to the agents of the latter side. However, if the network externalities are not substantial, then the matchmaker will maximize profits by matching an equal number of agents from each side. This paper thus provides an explanation of the asymmetric pricing schedules in two-sided markets when the matchmaker uses a one-program pricing schedule.
Unique 3D framework formed by adding MIIO4 groups into high Sb/P ratio phosphatoantimonates
Authors: Zhang Wei-Long , Guo Zhen-Gang , Guan Xiang-Feng , Chen Chinghwa , He Jiangang , Luo Pei-Hui , Li Xiao-Yan , Ding Feng-Hua , Cheng Wen-Dan
Published: December 2018

Explorations on a mixed metal phosphatoantimonate system led to the discovery of two new anhydrous phosphatoantimonates, namely, Cs4MSb6P4O28 (M=Mg, Zn), which represent the first examples of quinary AI – MII –SbV – PV– O systems. Single-crystal structure analysis reveals that the two title compounds crystallize in the tetragonal space group I41/a (No. 88). Their structures feature complicated 3D frameworks with interesting tunnel structures comprised of corner sharing MO4 tetrahedra, SbO6 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra, with the Cs+ cations sitting in the tunnels to balance the valence. Optical reflectance spectrum measurements show that these two compounds are insulators with band gaps of about 4.5 eV.
LOPES, Reinaldo José. 1499. O Brasil antes de Cabral. Rio de Janeiro: Harper Collins, 2017, 246 p.
Authors: Dos Santos Eloína Prati
Published: December 2018

Resenha do livro: LOPES, Reinaldo José. 1499. O Brasil antes de Cabral. Rio de Janeiro: Harper Collins, 2017, 246 p.
Infecção de sítio cirúrgico em revascularizações do miocárdio: estudo retrospectivo
Authors: Dos Santos Heberton Polegato , Ribeiro Ariela Cristina , Lanza Vinícius Encenha , Montandon Diego Santiago , Godoy Simone De
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: analisar a incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico em revascularizações do miocárdio. Métodos: estudo quantitativo com 314 prontuários de pacientes submetidos às revascularizações no período de 2014 a 2016, do serviço de cirurgia cardíaca. Foram avaliadas as relações de variáveis operatórias com o aparecimento de infecção de sítio cirúrgico para determinar os fatores significativos. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se as fichas de circulação extracorpórea e para a análise as definições estabelecidas pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Resultados: 66,2% eram do sexo masculino; 62,1%, brancos; 47,3%, hipertensos; 22,8%, diabéticos e 91,7%, cirurgias eletivas. Evidenciou-se que febre, edema local em 24 horas, dor, necrose em lesão operatória e (re)abordagem cirúrgica são os principais fatores para incidência de infecções relacionada ao tempo médio de circulação extracorpórea e de cirurgia. Conclusão: a infecção de sítio cirúrgico em revascularizações está relacionada com o tempo de cirurgia e de circulação extracorpórea.
Phase-Dependent Suppression of Beta Oscillations in Parkinson's Disease Patients
Authors: Holt Abbey B. , Kormann Eszter , Gulberti Alessandro , Pötter-Nerger Monika , McNamara Colin G. , Cagnan Hayriye , Baaske Magdalena K. , Little Simon , Köppen Johannes A. , Buhmann Carsten , Westphal Manfred , Gerloff Christian , Engel Andreas K. , Brown Peter , Hamel Wolfgang , Moll Christian K.E. , Sharott Andrew
Published: December 2018

Synchronized oscillations within and between brain areas facilitate normal processing, but are often amplified in disease. A prominent example is the abnormally sustained beta-frequency (∼20 Hz) oscillations recorded from the cortex and subthalamic nucleus of Parkinson's disease patients. Computational modeling suggests that the amplitude of such oscillations could be modulated by applying stimulation at a specific phase. Such a strategy would allow selective targeting of the oscillation, with relatively little effect on other activity parameters. Here, activity was recorded from 10 awake, parkinsonian patients (6 male, 4 female human subjects) undergoing functional neurosurgery. We demonstrate that stimulation arriving on a particular patient-specific phase of the beta oscillation over consecutive cycles could suppress the amplitude of this pathophysiological activity by up to 40%, while amplification effects were relatively weak. Suppressive effects were accompanied by a reduction in the rhythmic output of subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons and synchronization with the mesial cortex. While stimulation could alter the spiking pattern of STN neurons, there was no net effect on firing rate, suggesting that reduced beta synchrony was a result of alterations to the relative timing of spiking activity, rather than an overall change in excitability. Together, these results identify a novel intrinsic property of cortico-basal ganglia synchrony that suggests the phase of ongoing neural oscillations could be a viable and effective control signal for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. This work has potential implications for other brain diseases with exaggerated neuronal synchronization and for probing the function of rhythmic activity in the healthy brain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn Parkinson's disease (PD), movement impairment is correlated with exaggerated beta frequency oscillations in the cerebral cortex and subthalamic nucleus (STN). Using a novel method of stimulation in PD patients undergoing neurosurgery, we demonstrate that STN beta oscillations can be suppressed when consecutive electrical pulses arrive at a specific phase of the oscillation. This effect is likely because of interrupting the timing of neuronal activity rather than excitability, as stimulation altered the firing pattern of STN spiking without changing overall rate. These findings show the potential of oscillation phase as an input for “closed-loop” stimulation, which could provide a valuable neuromodulation strategy for the treatment of brain disorders and for elucidating the role of neuronal oscillations in the healthy brain.
Me and My Data
Authors: Igo Sarah E.
Published: December 2018

This article examines a recent, unexamined turn in the history of personal data in the last half century: the era when it was re-envisioned as a possession of the individual whom it described or from whom it was obtained. Data—whether scientific, commercial, or bureaucratic—had often been treated as confidential or protected, but it had not typically been conceived in terms of individual ownership. But starting in the later 1960s, more and more people in the industrialized West questioned whether they or the authorities who collected or maintained their data properly had claim to that information. This question was sparked as much by political and economic developments as it was by scientific and technological ones. Citizens’ move to shore up their proprietary claims would prompt new regulations around access, control, and consent that continue to undergird contemporary ideas about personal data. A product of social movements and civil rights reforms as well as market thinking, this bid for authority over one’s “own” information would however reveal its limitations by the turn of the twenty-first century, particularly in the context of a big data economy. This essay is part of a special issue entitled Histories of Data and the Database edited by Soraya de Chadarevian and Theodore M. Porter.
Profil Glukosa Darah Sebelum, Setelah Latihan Fisik Submaksimal dan Selelah Fase Pemulihan Pada Mahasiswa FIK UNP
Authors: Lesmana Heru Syarli , Broto Endang Pati
Published: December 2018

Latihan fisik submaksimal merupakan aktivitas dengan pembebanan berat yang berpengaruh pada sistem kardiovaskuler, kadar lemak tubuh, peningkatan kekuatan otot. Rangkaian gerakan yang terus meningkat pada latihan fisik memerlukan enegi yang besar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan penggunaan glukosa sebagai energi selama latihan fisik submasimal. Glukosa merupakan senyawa yang menjadi sumber energi utama bagi tubuh. Glukosa dapat menjadi energi dengan jalur secara aerobik maupun anaerobik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan UNP yang memenuhi kriteria inkuisi dengan jumlah 30 orang. Setiap sampel melakukan latihan fisik berupa lari intesitas submaksimal dengan 80% dari Heart Rate Maxmimal. Glukosa darah pada sampel diambil pada saat sebelum latihan, setelah latihan dan setelah fase pemulihan (10 menit setelah latihan dihentikan). Kadar glukosa ditentukan berdasarkan strip test monitoring menggunakan darah kapiler dengan menggunakan Autocheck glucose meter. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan kadar glukosa mengamali penurunan setelah latihan dan kembali meningkat setelah fase pemulihan.
Key to hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) of Colombia
Authors: Gradstein S. Robbert
Published: December 2018

A key is presented to seven genera and fifteen species of hornworts recorded from Colombia. Three species found in Ecuador but not yet in Colombia (Dendroceros crispatus, Phaeomegaceros squamuligerus, and Phaeoceros tenuis) are also included in the key.
Development and validation of HPLC assay method for marbofloxacin determination in veterinary chewable tablets
Authors: Oliveira K. R. W. , Sversut R. A. , Singh A. K. , Amaral M. S. , Kassab N. M.
Published: December 2018

The present study aimed to develop and validate an analytical method for determination of marbofloxacin (MAR) in veterinary chewable tablets. The isocratic reversed-phase chromatographic method was developed and validated using a Vertisep®, RP C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm). The mobile phase was composed of water–acetonitrile (55:45, v/v) with pH adjusted to 3.0 with ortho-phosphoric acid and a flow rate set at 0.4 mL/min. The proposed method was validated for linearity in a concentration range of 2.5 to 17.5 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.99991. The mean content of MAR found in chewable tablets was 104.40% with RSD below 2%. The accuracy expressed as average recovery of the proposed method was 98.74%, and the precision expressed as relative standard deviation among repeated analysis was 0.55%. The method has adequate sensitivity with detection and quantitation limits of 0.25 and 0.81 μg/mL, respectively. Based on the presented results and according to the ICH and AOAC guidelines on validation of analytical methods, the proposed method was considered precise, accurate with adequate sensitivity, and robust in the MAR quantitative analysis. Therefore, the method can be used in the quality control of chewable veterinary tablets containing MAR.