bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethiopian Higher Education Students Attitude Towards Physical Education
Authors: Jibril Mustefa
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the existing examination has changed to gain access to the "Ethiopian Higher Education Students' Status of Physical Education". The current study was conducted on 800 students (500 males and 300 females) between the ages of 20 and 26 years. The subjects were Ethiopian Higher Education Students, Addis Ababa, and Dire Dawa. Topics were Ethiopian Higher Education Students, Addis Ababa, and Dire Dawa. The responses collected from the given studies were converted into raw data with the help of a frequency distribution method. The data were then sorted as a result of a percentage study method.
Chewing Khat Habit among Students of Dire Dawa University Ethiopia
Authors: Jibril Mustefa
Published: October 2021

Chewing Khat is one of the leading causes of mental disorders in Ethiopia. An alarming increase in Khat chewing among adults since the early 1990s was reported. Studies have shown that starting chewing Khat early in life is associated with an increased risk of adverse health effects. The objective of the study: This study was conducted to measure the increase in Khat chewing among students at Dire Dawa University students in Dire Dawa City, identify the natural causes of the problem, and demonstrate students' knowledge of the effects of Khat chewing. Material and Methods: The study was separate. Dated February 2021. Students during study time (n = 302) were included. The information was collected through personal interviews and completed a list of questions prepared after reviewing. RESULTS: Male (88.2%) of responding students chewed Khat with a significant difference (P <0.001) between males and females in terms of chewing. The year of student study, academic achievement, and family history of chewing Khat had a significant impact (P <0.05) on chewer students. Of the Khat chewer students who read 35.6% reported chewing both morning and afternoon. 66.7% of students who chewed reported that they had intentions to stop chewing and 82.4% considered chewing to be dangerous. CONCLUSION: Khat chewing gum among students is considered a problem and efforts are needed to help students stop chewing and this is considered a way to prevent Khat chewing among students.
Using the Membership Table Method (MTM) to Determine the Validity of Categorical Syllogisms
Authors: Monge Ricardo E. , Skliar Osvaldo , Gapper Sherry
Published: October 2021

Apresentation is provided of a method – the Membership Table Method (MTM) – to determine the validity of categorical syllogisms. This method makes it possible for each syllogism to be assigned a specific set. If this set is equal to the universal set U, then the categorical syllogism considered is valid, and if that set is not equal to U, then that categorical syllogism is not valid. In other words, any categorical syllogism is valid if and only if its respective set, according to the MTM, is equal to the universal set U. The conclusion of a valid categorical syllogism whose premises are true is true.
The congruent number problem
Authors: Feliksiak Jan
Published: October 2021

The congruent number problem is the oldest unsolved major mathematical problem to date. The problem aiming to determine whether or not some given integer n is congruent, which corresponds to a Pythagorean triangle with integer sides, can be settled in a finite number of steps. However, once we permit the triangles to acquire rational values for its sides, the degree of difficulty of the task changes dramatically. In this paper a basis is developed, to produce right Pythagorean triangles with rational sides and integral area in a straightforward manner. Determining whether or not a given natural number n is congruent, is equivalent to a search through an ordered 2D array.
Numerical simulation of multi RBC scattering - a Bremmer series approach
Authors: Wallner Bo-Göran
Published: October 2021

Red blood cell light scattering
The Link between Cancer, Autoimmunity and Diabetes
Authors: Petric Domina
Published: October 2021

In cancer, corrupted neoplastic cell successfully evades the immune attack using two main strategies: avoiding the immune recognition and instigating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Cancer is able to induce immune tolerance and present itself to immune system as normal tissue. There is a defect in immune tolerance: the tolerance is wrongly induced toward cancer. In autoimmune diseases, immune system attacks normal tissue because it fails to recognize its own constituent parts as self. There is a defect in immune tolerance: the tolerance is lost toward normal tissues. In both diseases wrong information in the communication between tissue (neoplastic) cells and immune system is crucial: in cancer, neoplastic cells avoid immune attack, whilst in autoimmune diseases, immune system attacks normal cells. Diabetes mellitus type I and II are associated with an increased risk of developing different types of cancer. Pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type I and pathogenesis of cancer overlap in genetic, environmental and immunologic factors. Diabetes mellitus type II and obesity can both induce oncogenesis.
Impact Of Government Incentives Policy On Workers' Productivity
Authors: Siman Sunday
Published: October 2021

This study examined the impact of government incentive policy on workers` productivity in Taraba State (a study of Takum L.G.A). Survey research design was adopted, while data were obtained through primary source. The population of the study was 300 and the sample size is 171 by using Taro Yamane statistical method, Data were presented in frequency tables and percentages were used to analyze the data. Formulated hypotheses on the other hand were tested using Pearson product moment correlation, aided by the statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS)version 23.0. The findings revealed that good incentive polices motivate workers, in that motivated workers are happy workers and happy workers are productive workers. The study further revealed that a monetary incentive is essential in getting workers to perform better. Therefore, the study recommends that management of Takum L.G.A should Endeavour to improve the workers remuneration in order to motivate employees to put more effort in their services. In addition, it also recommends that the management of Takum L.G.A should identify a non-financial incentive scheme that will motivate workers to perform more tasks. Lastly, it recommends that, the government of Takum L.G.A should constantly review and introduce new incentive policy that will aid to motivate employees for higher productivity.
Assuring the Optimum Security Level for Network, Physical and Cloud Infrastructure
Authors: Atieh Ali
Published: October 2021

A robust and secure IT infrastructure ensures reliable security, high speeds and connectivity, employee support and accessibility, and a positive user experience for clients. It is hard to manage a modern firm without a secure and adaptable IT infrastructure. Technology, when properly set up and networked, can improve back-office processes, increase efficiency, and simplify communication. This research explores how an organization assure the optimum level of infrastructure security in in three domains: network infrastructure security, physical infrastructure security, and cloud infrastructure security. Running a network infrastructure model comes with a variety of difficulties. The findings suggest that there are few recommendations for assuring right security level for the network infrastructure, including: conducting a network security assessment, keeping user access privileges to a bare minimum for work, updating programs, investigating cybersecurity tools and Increasing cyber-awareness. Physical infrastructure security is also crucial. We divided he dangers are divided into the following categories and suggested for appropriated measure: threats by environment, threats by technical infrastructure, threats by humans, inappropriate humidity and temperature, Electrification, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), Unauthorized physical access. Cloud security is necessitated by the widespread adoption of cloud technology, as well as an ever-increasing volume and sophistication of cyber attacks. To ensure the right level of cloud security, this research recommend to take some measures, including: Transit and Rest Protection, Asset Security. Securing User Management, Integration of compliance and security, Authentication and Identity, and Operational Safety and Security While no amount of security will ever stop all attacks, organizations can significantly minimize risk of suffering a breach and the fallout from such attacks by taking a few critical steps to secure business’ network, physical and cloud infrastructure.
Alcohol-Induced Psychotic Disorder and Depressive Disorder: a Dual Diagnosis Case Series
Authors: Elbelushi A. , Muravec Z. , Masood H. , Masood B.
Published: October 2021

Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder (AIPD) is a diagnosis in the ICD 10. Previous studies of AIPD do not appear to have reported the co-morbid presence of depressive disorder in either prevalence studies or treatment studies. Five cases are presented with a dual diagnosis of AIPD and depressive disorder. These cases were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Clinical Global Impression Severity score (CGI-S), Clinical Global Impression Improvement score (CGI-I), Drug Attitude Inventory 10 (DAI 10), Short Assessment Personality-Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS) and Modified Sainsbury Tool. Antidepressants and antipsychotics were chosen based on drug attitude scores from DAI 10. Cases demonstrate inpatient and outpatient treatment with good treatment outcomes after six months. Three cases demonstrate suicide risk. The majority did not have a personality disorder. These cases highlight the importance of treating a depressive disorder in AIPD and of tailored medication treatments for poor medication compliance.
Biological basis of aggressive behavior
Authors: Makushkina O. A. , Gurina O. I. , Golenkova V. A.
Published: October 2021

The review analyzes the role of serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and glutamatergic systems and neuroendocrine mechanisms, neuropeptides, and inflammatory mediators in aggression manifestation. We discuss the inconsistency of modern concepts about the neurochemical nature of aggressive behavior and the urgency of determining biological markers of social danger. Finally, questions of psychopharmacotherapy of aggressive behavior are reviewed.
Efficiency Improvement of Ground-Mounted Solar Power Generation in Agrivoltaic System by Cultivation of Bok Choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis L.) Under the Panels
Authors: Kumpanalaisatit Manoch , Setthapun Worajit , Sintuya Hathaitip , Jansri Surachai Narrat
Published: October 2021

An agrivoltaic system is a combination of solar power generation and crop production that has the potential to increase the value of land. The system was carried out at a 25-kW photovoltaic (PV) power plant located at the Asian Development College for Community Economy and Technology (adiCET), Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Thailand. The growth and yield of bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis L.) and the solar power output were investigated and compared with the control. Moreover, the efficiency of the agrivoltaic system was evaluated. The results indicated that the average intensity of solar radiation of 569 W/m2 was obtained. The highest power generation was recorded in the PV with crop production of 2.28 kW. Furthermore, the control plot of crop production at 35 days provided higher growth than bok choy plots under solar panels of 2.1 cm in plant height, 6 in leaf number, 2.2 cm in leaf length and 0.2 cm in leaf wide. High-yield of bok choy was also obtained in the control plot of 17.31 kg. Although the yield of bok choy is extremely low, possibly because of light intensity, crop cultivation under solar panels could reduce the module temperature to less than the PV control of 0.18 °C, resulting in increased voltage and power generation by around 0.09 %. Therefore, an agrivoltaic system is another option for increasing revenue and land equivalent ratio in solar power plants focusing only on electricity generation. However, suitable crops for the space under PV panels should be investigated further.
Synthesis and functionalization of glucan dendrimer, and its application as a drug delivery system carrier
Authors: Yanase Michiyo , Kuriki Takashi
Published: October 2021

Glycogen is a natural polysaccharide with a dendrimer structure, in which glucose is frequently branched and polymerized. Functionalizing the numerous non-reducing ends on the molecular surface of glycogen could be expected to enable its use in various fields. We developed a method for enzymatically synthesizing a suitable form of glycogen from sucrose by using sucrose phosphorylase and branching enzyme, both of which belong to the α-amylase family, as well as glucan phosphorylase. We refer to this enzymatically synthesized glycogen as the glucan dendrimer (GD). We then selectively modified the non-reducing ends on the surface of GD particles by using the reaction of glucan phosphorylase with various hexose 1-phosphates. Modifying the non-reducing ends of GD with glucuronic acid or glucosamine added negative and positive charges to the GD particles. In addition, we found that glucuronic acid and/or glucosamine residues at the non-reducing ends can be used to covalently conjugate functional substances, such as sugar chains, proteins, and peptides to the surface of GD particles. GD and modification of its non-reducing ends represent versatile platforms for pharmaceutical applications of polysaccharides.
Optimized extraction of polyphenols from leaves of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) grown in Lam Dong province, Vietnam, and evaluation of their antioxidant capacity
Authors: Nguyen-Kim Minh-Tam , Truong Quoc-Cuong , Nguyen Minh-Thuy , Cao-Thi Bich-Hang , Tong Thanh-Danh , Dao Tan Phat , Tran Thien Hien , Van Tan Lam , Le Xuan-Tien
Published: October 2021

In the present study, the optimized solvent extraction conditions with regards to the total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity of rosemary leaf extract (RLE) were determined. The one-factor-at-a-time method was used to independently investigate the effect of several extraction parameters, including ethanol concentration (0–100% v/v), extraction temperature (50–80°C), extraction period (15–60 min), material–solvent ratio (1:5–1:10 g/mL), and extraction cycles (1, 2, and 3 times) on polyphenol content. Response surface methodology (RSM), in combination with a central composite design, was used to perform optimization. The following optimal conditions that gave maximal TPC were determined and experimentally verified: ethanol concentration of 65% (v/v), extraction temperature of 65°C, material–solvent ratio of 1:7.5 g/mL, extraction time of 15 min, and 2 cycles of extraction. These parameters corresponded with the TPC yield of 87.42 ± 0.25 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried feed material (mg GAE/g DW). The optimal conditions gave a high extraction yield (337 ± 6 mg dried extract/g dried feed material) with 197.28 ± 3.11 mg GAE/g dried extract. The estimated models were strongly significant (p < 0.05) for TPC values with significant regression coefficients (R
2) of 0.9979. The obtained RLE was supposed to be the top grade of natural antioxidant with the IC50 (DPPH assays) value of 9.4 ± 0.1 μg/mL, which is higher than that of the vitamin C by just three times (IC50 = 3.2 ± 0.1 μg/mL). Current results justify RLE as a potential agent in food preservation applications.
Rank functions on triangulated categories
Authors: Chuang Joseph , Lazarev Andrey
Published: October 2021

We introduce the notion of a rank function on a triangulated category

𝒞

{\mathcal{C}}

which generalizes the Sylvester
rank function in the case when

𝒞
=

𝖯𝖾𝗋𝖿
⁢

(
A
)

{\mathcal{C}=\mathsf{Perf}(A)}

is the perfect derived category of a ring A. We show that rank functions are closely related
to functors into simple triangulated categories and classify
Verdier quotients into simple triangulated categories in terms of particular rank functions called localizing.
If

𝒞
=

𝖯𝖾𝗋𝖿
⁢

(
A
)

{\mathcal{C}=\mathsf{Perf}(A)}

as above, localizing rank functions also classify
finite homological epimorphisms from A into differential graded skew-fields or, more generally, differential graded Artinian rings. To establish these results, we develop the theory of derived localization of differential graded algebras at thick subcategories of their perfect derived categories. This is a far-reaching generalization of Cohn’s matrix localization of rings and has independent interest.
Aspherical manifolds, Mellin transformation and a question of Bobadilla–Kollár
Authors: Liu Yongqiang , Maxim Laurenţiu , Wang Botong
Published: October 2021

In their paper from 2012, Bobadilla and Kollár studied topological conditions which guarantee that a proper map of complex algebraic varieties is a topological or differentiable fibration. They also asked whether a certain finiteness property on the relative covering space can imply that a proper map is a fibration. In this paper, we answer positively the integral homology version of their question in the case of abelian varieties, and the rational homology version in the case of compact ball quotients. We also propose several conjectures in relation to the Singer–Hopf conjecture in the complex projective setting.
A dialogue on / In performance philosophy
Authors: Maoilearca Laura Cull Ó , Tartaglia James
Published: October 2021

This dialogue was produced by an email exchange, with each email limited to 200 words. The exchange took place between 21 January and 9 June, 2021. No edits were allowed once ‘send’ had been pressed and there was to be no other correspondence between the participants for the duration of the dialogue. The Call for Papers for this special issue of Human Affairs was the starting point and there was no other pre-planning.
The narrative element of philosophy
Authors: Bencivenga Ermanno
Published: October 2021

A narrative element is essential to philosophy, because nothing gets going in it without some vision, some story about what the world, or the subject, is like. The argumentative element can only structure the story from the inside; it can never prove it true. And, whatever clarification arguments provide for the story, the latter remains in all its ambiguous glory, ready to originate new arguments and to spawn new visions.
Philosophy and the visual arts: Illustration and performance
Authors: O’Brien Dan
Published: October 2021

In this paper I distinguish between illustrative and performative uses of artworks in the teaching and communication of philosophy, drawing examples from the history of art and my own practice. The former are where works are used merely to illustrate and communicate a philosophical idea or argument, the latter are where the artist or teacher philosophizes through the creation of art. I hope to promote future collaboration between philosophers, art historians and artists, with artworks becoming catalysts for artistic-philosophical investigation, thus revitalizing the idea of universities embodying ongoing and open-ended conversations.
Evaluation of effect of synthesis parameters on the morphology of nano-structures of magnesium oxide coated with carbon
Authors: Warmeling Duarte Glaucea , Lopes Colpani Gustavo , Luiz Silva Luciano , Soares Cíntia , Antônio Fiori Márcio , Gracher Riella Humberto
Published: October 2021

In this study, the influence of the synthesis parameters on the microstructural properties of nanoparticles of magnesium oxide coated with carbon was investigated. The nanostructures were produced in a one-step synthesis procedure, following a sol-gel method, and the effects of the molar ratio between magnesium nitrate and glucose, the temperature and the dripping time on the morphology of the nanostructures formed were analyzed. The results indicate that an increase in carbon concentration, synthesis temperature around 60 °C and 4 h of dripping time favor the formation of small agglomerates of nanoparticles with greater carbon coating homogeneity. In general, high synthesis temperatures favor the kinetic aspects of crystallization and produce nanostructures with a larger crystallite size. On the other hand, altering the dripping time was not efficient in changing the morphology of the nanostructures obtained. In addition, increasing the carbon concentration favors the formation of structures with small surface area and pore volume.
Thermophysical properties of the TiAl-2Cr-2Nb alloy in the liquid phase measured with an electromagnetic levitation device on board the International Space Station, ISS-EML
Authors: Wunderlich Rainer K. , Mohr Markus , Dong Yue , Hecht Ulrike , M. Matson Douglas , Hyers Robert , Bracker Gwendolyn , Lee Jonghyun , Schneider Stephan , Xiao Xiao , Fecht Hans-Jörg
Published: October 2021

Thermophysical properties of the γ-TiAl alloy Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Ni in the liquid phase were investigated with a containerless electromagnetic processing device on board the International Space Station. Containerless processing is warranted by the high liquidus temperature T
liq = 1 776 K and the high dissolution reactivity in the liquid phase. Thermophysical properties investigated include the surface tension and viscosity, density, specific heat capacity and the electrical resistivity. The experiments were supported by magnetohydrodynamic fluid flow calculations. The Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Ni alloy could be stably processed over extended times in the stable and undercooled liquid phase and exhibited an exceptional degree of undercooling before solidification. Experimental processes and thermophysical properties so obtained will be described. The experiments demonstrate the broad experimental capabilities of the electromagnetic processing facility on the International Space Station for thermophysical investigations in the liquid phase of metallic alloys not achievable by other methods.
Design of a novel HSLA steel with a combination of high strength (140–160 ksi) and excellent toughness
Authors: Nezhad Mehdi Soltan Ali , Ghazvinian Sadegh , Amirsalehi Mahmoud , Momeni Amir
Published: October 2021

Three steels were designed based on HSLA-100 with additional levels of Mn, Ni, Cr and Cu. The steels were prepared by controlled rolling and tempered at temperatures in range of 550–700°C. The continuous cooling time curves were shifted to longer times and lower temperatures with the increased tendency for the formation of martensite at lower cooling rates. The microstructures revealed that controlled rolling results in austenite with uniform fine grain structure. The steel with the highest amount of Mn showed the greatest strength after tempering at 750 °C. The top strength was attributed to the formation of Cu-rich particles. The steel with 1.03 wt.% Mn, tempered at 650 °C exhibited the best Charpy impact toughness at –85°C. On the other hand, the steel that contained 2.11 wt.% Mn and tempered at 700 °C showed the highest yield strength of 1 097.5 MPa (∼159 ksi) and an impact toughness of 41.6 J at –85°C.
Investigation of Iranian and Turkish English language teachers’ views, perspectives and experiences of teaching cultural content in English courses
Authors: Azimzadeh Yiğit Monireh , Özkan Yonca
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, English has been considered as an International language or a Lingua Franca as a result of its widespread use among non-native speakers. English now is spoken by various people with different languages and diverse cultures. Thus, learners need to know the culture of different people of various countries. As stated by Cortazzi, M., & Jin, L. (1999). Cultural mirrors: Materials and methods in the EFL classroom. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Culture in second language teaching (pp. 196–219). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, learners should have knowledge about source culture, target culture, and international culture. In this regard, teachers have a great responsibility in including cultural content in their English language classes. Therefore, the main purpose of this pilot study during Azimzadeh’s PhD journey (Azimzadeh, M. (Unpublished). Representation of cultural elements in EFL textbooks used in Iranian EFL high schools [PhD dissertation]. Adana, Turkey: Cukurova University) is to investigate Iranian and Turkish English language teachers’ views, perspectives, and experiences of teaching cultural content in their English language classes. This study was conducted as a mixed-method design. The data collection was done by using a questionnaire and an interview. The questionnaire which was used in this study adopted from CULTNET project (a network of researchers of inter-culture in foreign language education), Byram and Risager’s projects, and Cortazzi and Jin’s (1999) three cultural sources. Participants of this study were 16 teachers who were teaching English language in high schools in Iran and Turkey. The data collected from questionnaires and interviews were analysed by using a series of descriptive statistics and interviews were analysed by using thematic analysis (Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches. London: Sage Publications, Inc). The findings of this study have indicated that both Iranian and Turkish teachers were aware of the importance of teaching culture in their English language classes. They generally claimed that culture was important in language classes and the cultural subjects should be taught in English language classes.
Toward white light emission from plasmonic-luminescent hybrid nanostructures
Authors: Gomez-Rodriguez Pilar , Soria Esther , Jin Yu , Caño Andrés , Llorente Irene , Cuadrado Alexander , Mariscal-Jiménez Antonio , Petford-Long Amanda K. , Serna Rosalía , Gonzalo José
Published: October 2021

We study the light emission of plasmonic-luminescent hybrid nanostructures consisting of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in europium oxide (EuOX). The Ag NPs present a bidimensional organization in the nanostructures and they optically behave as oblate spheroids. The photoluminescence (PL) spectral response of the nanostructures evolves from a narrow red emission characteristic of Eu3+ ions in absence of Ag NPs to a broad blue-green emission band associated with Eu2+ ions when the layer of Ag NPs is present. This behavior is not related to a change in the Eu2+/Eu3+ ratio, which is verified by compositional analysis. Instead, a detailed investigation of the PL emission of the nanostructures suggests that the coupling of the Ag NPs to the Eu2+ ions present in the EuOX layer, which manifests itself in an efficient sensitization of these ions, enhances their broad visible emission. In particular, the longitudinal mode of the Ag NPs surface plasmon is considered to be responsible for the efficient energy transfer for the non-normal incidence excitation PL configuration used. Finally, the use of a capping amorphous Al2O3 layer allows improving the robustness of hybrid nanostructures and further enhances their PL emission. These findings provide a new path to actively control the selective excitation of Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions via a controlled coupling with the surface plasmon resonance modes of the Ag NPs and points to these nanostructures as promising building blocks for the development of integrable white light sources.
Waveguide Schottky photodetector with tunable barrier based on Ti3C2T
x
/p-Si van der Waals heterojunction
Authors: Yang Changming , Qin Shiyu , Zuo Yan , Shi Yang , Bie Tong , Shao Ming , Yu Yu
Published: October 2021

MXene, a new advanced two-dimensional material, has attracted great attention in energy storage, transparent electrodes, and electromagnetic shielding due to its high conductivity, high specific surface area, and hydrophilic surface. Given the solution-processability and tunable work function, MXene also holds great potential for wide-range photodetection and integrated optics. Here, we demonstrate a waveguide integrated Schottky photodetector based on Ti3C2T
x
/Si van der Waals heterojunction. Specifically, the barrier of the Schottky photodetector can be adjusted by using simple surface treatment. The work function of the Ti3C2T
x
is reduced from 4.66 to 4.43 eV after vacuum annealing, and the barrier height of Ti3C2T
x
/p-Si Schottky junction is correspondingly increased from 0.64 to 0.72 eV, leading to 215 nm working wavelength blue-shift. The photodetector exhibits working wavelength tunability in short-wavelength infrared regions due to the engineered Schottky barrier. To our best knowledge, this is the first demonstration of utilizing MXene in waveguide-integrated photodetection, showing the potential applications for various scenarios thanks to the flexible working wavelength range induced by the tunable barrier.
COVID-19 and the 1918 influenza pandemics: a concise overview and lessons from the past
Authors: Asghar Madiha , Din Misbahud , Waris Abdul , Yasin Muhammad Talha , Zohra Tanzeel , Zia Muhammad
Published: October 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in December, 2019, in Wuhan, China. Even the public health sector experts could not anticipate that the virus would spread rapidly to create the worst worldwide crisis in more than a century. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a public health emergency on January 30, 2020, but it was not until March 11, 2020 that the WHO declared it a global pandemic. The epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 is different from the SARS coronavirus outbreak in 2002 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012; therefore, neither SARS nor MERS could be used as a suitable model for foreseeing the future of the current pandemic. The influenza pandemic of 1918 could be referred to in order to understand and control the COVID-19 pandemic. Although influenza and the SARS-CoV-2 are from different families of viruses, they are similar in that both silently attacked the world and the societal and political responses to both pandemics have been very much alike. Previously, the 1918 influenza pandemic and unpredictability of the second wave caused distress among people as the first wave of that outbreak (so-called Spanish flu) proved to be relatively mild compared to a much worse second wave, followed by smaller waves. As of April, 2021, the second wave of COVID-19 has occurred around the globe, and future waves may also be expected, if the total population of the world is not vaccinated. This article aims to highlight the key similarities and differences in both pandemics. Similarly, lessons from the previous pan-demics and various possibilities for the future course of COVID-19 are also highlighted.
The ternary platinides CaGa5Pt3 and EuGa5Pt3
Authors: Bönnighausen Judith , Seidel Stefan , Klenner Steffen , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: October 2021

The ternary platinides CaGa5Pt3 (a = 2082.5(4), b = 406.05(8), c = 739.2(1) pm) and EuGa5Pt3 (a = 2085.5(5), b = 412.75(9), c = 738.7(1) pm) were synthesized from the elements in sealed high-melting metal tubes in an induction furnace. CaGa5Pt3 and EuGa5Pt3 are isotypic with CeAl5Pt3 and isopointal with the YNi5Si3 type intermetallic phases (space group Pnma, oP36 and Wyckoff sequence c
9). The structure of EuGa5Pt3 was refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: wR2 = 0.0443, 1063 F
2 values and 56 variables. The gallium and platinum atoms build up a three-dimensional [Ga5Pt3]2− polyanionic network in which the europium atoms fill slightly distorted hexagonal prismatic voids. The Ga–Pt distances within the network range from 249 to 271 pm, emphasizing the covalent bonding character. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate diamagnetism for CaGa5Pt3 and isotypic BaGa5Pt3. EuGa5Pt3 behaves like a Curie–Weiss paramagnet above 50 K with an experimental magnetic moment of 8.17(1) µB/Eu atom, indicating divalent europium. Antiferromagnetic ordering sets in at T
N = 8.5(1) K. The divalent ground state of europium is confirmed by 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy. EuGa5Pt3 shows a single signal at 78 K with an isomer shift of −9.89(4) mm s−1. Full magnetic hyperfine splitting with a hyperfine field of 25.0(2) T is observed at 6 K in the magnetically ordered regime.
Synthesis and crystal structure of the lanthanum cyanurate complex La[H2N3C3O3]3 · 8.5 H2O
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , Lissner Falk , Schleid Thomas
Published: October 2021

Single crystals of La[H2N3C3O3]3 · 8.5 H2O were obtained from stoichiometric amounts of as-precipitated La(OH)3 with cyanuric acid (CYA) [H3N3C3O3]3 in a boiling aqueous solution, followed by slow cooling and evaporation of water under ambient conditions. According to the X-ray structure analysis of the colorless and transparent crystals, La[H2N3C3O3]3 · 8.5 H2O adopts the triclinic space group P1 (no. 1) and exhibits the unit-cell parameters a = 987.24(7), b = 1110.97(8), c = 1179.81(9) pm, α = 113.716(2), β = 97.053(2), γ = 101.502(2)° for Z = 2. The CYA is singly deprotonated to give monoanions [H2N3C3O3]– which are O,N-coordinated to the La3+ cations. These dihdrogencyanurate anions are assembled in ribbons with two crystallographically different La3+ cations coordinating to either one or two different ligands, respectively. The coordination sphere of the La3+ cations is comprised of water molecules, and interstitial water molecules fill the dead volume of the crystals. The anionic ribbons are stacked to maximize the contact between the six-membered rings, showing distances of about 330 pm.
Influence of Muscle Architecture on Maximal Rebounding in Young Boys
Authors: Radnor John M. , Oliver Jon L. , Waugh Charlie M. , Myer Gregory D. , Lloyd Rhodri S.
Published: October 2021

Radnor, JM, Oliver, JL, Waugh, CM, Myer, GD, and Lloyd, RS. Influence of muscle architecture on maximal rebounding in young boys. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3378–3385, 2021—The aims of the current study were to (a) investigate differences in maximal rebound jump kinetics in boys at different stages of maturity and (b) determine the relationship of muscle architecture characteristics to maximal rebound jump kinetics. One hundred twenty-seven male, secondary school children were categorized into maturity groups (pre–, circa–, and post–peak height velocity) based on their maturity offset value. Muscle architecture of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and vastus lateralis (VL) was evaluated at rest using B-mode ultrasonography. Subjects then performed maximal rebound jumps quantified on a force platform. There were moderate to large differences across all maturity groups for peak ground reaction force, impulse measures, and average power variables (d = 0.73–2.67; p < 0.05). Gastrocnemius medialis and VL muscle thickness explained between 38.5 and 55.8% of the variance in peak force, impulse, and power variables; however, muscle architecture was less important determinant of contact time, jump height, reactive strength index, rate of force development, eccentric velocity, concentric velocity, and allometrically scaled measures (3.3–17.2%). The current results indicate that most kinetics used during maximal vertical rebounding are greater in more mature boys. Furthermore, maturational increases in GM muscle architecture seem important for maximal vertical jumping and are specifically associated with increased force, power, and impulse measures. Practically, these findings may underline benefits in targeting resistance training activities that are focused to increase lower limb muscle mass to positively influence maximal rebounding kinetics in young boys.
Climate change impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services
Authors: Steiner Nadja S. , Bowman Jeff , Campbell Karley , Chierici Melissa , Eronen-Rasimus Eeva , Falardeau Marianne , Flores Hauke , Fransson Agneta , Herr Helena , Insley Stephen J , Kauko Hanna M. , Lannuzel Delphine , Loseto Lisa , Lynnes Amanda , Majewski Andy , Meiners Klaus M. , Miller Lisa A. , Michel Loïc N. , Moreau Sebastien , Nacke Melissa , Nomura Daiki , Tedesco Letizia , van Franeker Jan Andries , van Leeuwe Maria A , Wongpan Pat
Published: October 2021

A rigorous synthesis of the sea-ice ecosystem and linked ecosystem services highlights that the sea-ice ecosystem supports all 4 ecosystem service categories, that sea-ice ecosystems meet the criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas, that global emissions driving climate change are directly linked to the demise of sea-ice ecosystems and its ecosystem services, and that the sea-ice ecosystem deserves specific attention in the evaluation of marine protected area planning. The synthesis outlines (1) supporting services, provided in form of habitat, including feeding grounds and nurseries for microbes, meiofauna, fish, birds and mammals (particularly the key species Arctic cod, Boreogadus saida, and Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, which are tightly linked to the sea-ice ecosystem and transfer carbon from sea-ice primary producers to higher trophic level fish, mammal species and humans); (2) provisioning services through harvesting and medicinal and genetic resources; (3) cultural services through Indigenous and local knowledge systems, cultural identity and spirituality, and via cultural activities, tourism and research; (4) (climate) regulating services through light regulation, the production of biogenic aerosols, halogen oxidation and the release or uptake of greenhouse gases, for example, carbon dioxide. The ongoing changes in the polar regions have strong impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services. While the response of sea-ice–associated primary production to environmental change is regionally variable, the effect on ice-associated mammals and birds is predominantly negative, subsequently impacting human harvesting and cultural services in both polar regions. Conservation can help protect some species and functions. However, the key mitigation measure that can slow the transition to a strictly seasonal ice cover in the Arctic Ocean, reduce the overall loss of sea-ice habitats from the ocean, and thus preserve the unique ecosystem services provided by sea ice and their contributions to human well-being is a reduction in carbon emissions.
Mulheres e os novos livros de projetos integradores em Ciências da Natureza
Authors: Selasco de Matos Thaynara Beatriz , Soja Ana Cecilia
Published: October 2021

Ao longo da História mulheres foram impedidas de participar da Educação formal, cenário que tem se alterado nas últimas décadas. Hoje na maior parte do mundo todos têm direito ao ensino. Resolvido isso, busca-se o reconhecimento, já que a contribuição de mulheres ainda é pouco reconhecida. Autoras como Rosa e Silva (2015) e Bianchi (2020) mostraram que tal apagamento se reflete no livro didático. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a representatividade feminina nos livros de projetos integradores em Ciências da Natureza do novo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) de 2021. Numa abordagem qualitativa-quantitativa, analisou-se a equidade de gênero em cinco parâmetros: representação nas imagens, número de autoras, referências, citações e equipe técnica. O resultado foi positivo para imagens, autoria e equipe técnica. Além disso, verificou-se que o protagonismo feminino no ativismo social/ambiental era exaltado.  Entretanto, contradições persistem, dada a desproporcionalidade de referências e citações de mulheres quando a produção acadêmica já atingiu a equidade. Assim, mostramos que há avanços, mas que a discussão deve seguir até que alcancemos a equidade.
Síndrome de Burnout na adolescência: uma análise no período pandêmico em uma instituição pública federal
Authors: Santos Daniela Copetti , Kern Bruna , Zimmer Balin Tatiana , Scalco Henrique , Limberger Teo Limberger , Moura Katia
Published: October 2021

A Síndrome de Burnout (SB) é definida como uma desordem mental, tendo como principais características o esgotamento de energia, a falta de realização profissional, o desgaste emocional, a descrença e o sentimento de incompetência do indivíduo. Características essas que são agravadas pelo período pandêmico, fazendo com que seja necessária a observação e avaliação desses fatores, os quais vem sendo frequentemente apresentados pelos jovens que frequentam o ensino médio, pois a adolescência é um período com diversas mudanças biológicas e psicológicas. Sendo assim o objetivo deste estudo é identificar aspectos de saúde e fatores relacionados a SB entre estudantes do Ensino Médio Integrado do Instituto Federal Farroupilha por meio do uso do questionário para avaliação de Burnout “Maslach Burnout Inventory for students (MBI-SS)”. Constatamos que cerca de 79% dos alunos teriam o que seria classificado como SB, notando algumas semelhanças fatoriais comparadas com a atual bibliografia, fazendo-se necessário mais pesquisas.
PENERAPAN ASAS KETERBUKAAN DALAM PROSES PEMBUATAN UNDANG-UNDANG OMNIBUS LAW
Authors: Nurjaman Dirman
Published: October 2021

Tulisan ini untuk menjelaskan landasan dan asas-asas pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan yang baik agar dapat dijadikan pedoman dalam setiap pembentukan perundang-undangan. Penerapan asas-asas terutama asas keterbukaan menjadi bagian terpenting harus dilaksanakan agar masyarakat paham maksud daripada pembentukan undang-undang Omnibus Law ini, sehingga mencegah terjadinya polemik dan penolakan dimasyarakat. Metode penelitian yaitu menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, artinya penulis disini lebih menekankan kepada studi literatur.
PLURALISME HUKUM DALAM PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK PEMOTONGAN NISAN SALIB DI KAWASAN PURBAYAN KOTA GEDE YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Priyani Ismaya Dewi
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini berangkat dari polemik terjadinya pemotongan nisan salib di  kawasan Purbayan Kota Gede Yogyakarta. Dalam isu yang berkembang dimasyarakat, tindakan tersebut dianggap sebagai suatu perbuatan intoleran dalam beragama. Kemudian peneliti mengaitkan kasus tersebut dengan pluralisme hukum di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep pluralisme hukum serta bagaimana pandangan para akademisi dalam menyikapi kasus pemotongan nisan salib tersebut. Peneliti mendapatkan data kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara, menggunakan metode penelitian  deskriptif analistis dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Hasilnya bahwa konsep pluralisme hukum berkembang beriringan dengan munculnya pluralisme sosial. Pada masyarakat yang plural akan muncul pula hukum yang plural. Sentralisasi hukum menjadi percuma karena cenderung asosial. Pluralisme hukum menunjukan sistem hukum yang beragam dan berlaku bersamaan atau berinteraksi dalam mengatur berbagai aktivitas dan hubungan manusia di suatu tempat. Para akademisi yang menjadi narasumber, terhadap kasus pemotongan nisan salib di kawasan Purbayan Kota Gede Yogyakarta memiliki pandangan tindakan memotong nisan salib merupakan suatu bentuk intoleran. Kasus pemotongan nisan salib tersebut sebagai suatu cerminan keterbatasan pengaturan hukum sentral (skala nasional) dalam masyarakat yang plural. Kasus tersebut merupakan pelanggaran atas toleransi beragama di masyarakat.
RETURN SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG LISTING DI JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX (JII): DITINJAU DARI TINGKAT INFLASI DAN BESARNYA DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO (DER)
Authors: Lestari Nia Kurnia , Aziz Muhammad Bilal Abdul
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa besar pengaruh tingkat Inflasi dan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) terhadap Return Saham PT. Unilever indonesia, Tbk. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan analisis kuantitatif yaitu menggunakan analisis regresi, uji korelasi, analisis determinasi dan analisis uji t dan uji f, dengan menggunakan aplikasi sebagai alat bantu perhitungan. Laporan ke­uangan PT. Unilever Indonesia, Tbk. periode 2005-2015 dijadikan sebagai data yang digunakan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil uji signifikansi yang cukup kuat antara Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) terhadap Return Saham (Y) yang berarti bahwa Rasio Solvabilitas yaitu Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) terkhusus dalam penelitian ini memiliki hubungan yang cukup erat terhadap pembagian Return Saham pada perusahaan yang listing di Jakarta Islamic index (JII) terutama di PT Unilever Indonesia.
EFEKTIFITAS PENERAPAN ATURAN PILKADA SERENTAK 2020 DALAM KONDISI DARURAT PENANGANAN PENCEGAHAN PENYEBARAN CORONA VIRUS DISEASE 19 (COVID-19)
Authors: Aisyah Siti Nani
Published: October 2021

Public safety fundamental must be prioritized above the fundamental of election. The implementation of quality Regional Elections does not go straight with the results of quality leaders, for this reason public safety priorities in the Election 2020 in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic must be a priority. Based on this, the author intends to discuss the effectiveness of the implementation of Regional Election regulations in the pandemic conditions of the Covid-19. This study uses a qualitative method with a statue approach. If the results of multi-aspect simulations and predictions of pandemic’s control will improve by the end of 2020, the Regional Election should be postponed by mid-2021, and for some Head Regional whose term of office has expired, they will be appointed as functionary.
PENERAPAN ASAS ULTIMUM REMEDIUM PADA PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PELANGGARAN BAKU MUTU LIMBAH (ANALISIS PASAL 100 UU 32 TAHUN 2009)
Authors: Lesmana Reza Meilanda
Published: October 2021

Regarding the crime of violation of waste quality standards stipulated in Law 32 of 2009 article 100 states that in essence every violator of waste quality standards on water quality, emissions, quality of disturbance can be punished, with a maximum imprisonment of three years and a maximum fine of three billion rupiah; Such a crime can only be imposed if the administrative sanctions that have been imposed are not obeyed or the violation is committed more than once. Therefore, from paragraph 2 article 100 is the principle of ultimum remedium in UUPPLH. Ultimum remedium was originally coined by the Dutch Minister of Justice, Mr. Modderman, according to which the principle emphasizes that what can be punished is: (1) violation of the law which is cinditio sine que non, (2) which is punishable is a violation of the law which according to experience cannot be eliminated by other means.