bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent advancements in the anaerobic treatment of molasses wastewater in the context of process parameters and valorization aspect
Authors: Penmetsa Suresh Raju , Gautam Pavan Kumar , Allam Bharat Kumar , Manika N. , Banerjee Sushmita
Published: February 2025

Molasses wastewater, a byproduct of the sugar and ethanol industries, is characterized by high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations, low pH, dark color, and high viscosity. The discharge of improperly treated wastewater containing molasses can have detrimental effects on aquatic life. Developing effective primary treatment technologies for molasses-laden effluent has always been challenging for the scientific community. Anaerobic treatment has proven to be very effective in reducing the strength of molasses-based effluents by significantly reducing BOD and COD levels. In addition to improving the stabilization of degraded organic matter, anaerobic treatment generates minimal sludge, requires less energy, and produces organic fertilizer, which can be used for soil amendment. A further advantage of anaerobic treatment systems for molasses wastewater is that they make green energy from methane and biohydrogen. The anaerobic treatment of molasses wastewater stands as a promising and innovative technology that not only presents economic advantages but also contributes significantly to environmental preservation. Ongoing research efforts are directed toward enhancing bioreactor efficiency and refining process parameters. The present review seeks to offer a comprehensive and detailed account of the recent advancements in the anaerobic degradation of molasses-laden wastewaters.
Polymers in Retinal Prosthesis
Authors: Prajapati Vipul D.
Published: February 2025

Retinal prostheses or prosthesis, types of medical devices, are commonly designed to restore vision in individuals suffering from the retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-relating macular degeneration (AMD) types of retinal degenerative diseases. These devices interface with the remaining retinal cells to stimulate visual perception through electrical signals. Polymers play a major role in the formation of retinal prostheses due to their needful major characteristics such as biocompatibility, flexibility, and conductivity. Conductive polymers, in particular, are used to create electrodes that can effectively transmit electrical impulses to the retinal cells. Moreover, the flexibility of polymeric materials allows for the fabrication of devices that conform to the curved surface of the retina, reducing mechanical stress and improving patient comfort. Recent advancements in polymeric science have led to the formulation of novel materials with enhanced properties, such as improved electrical conductivity and stability, which are essential for the long-term performance of retinal prostheses. This chapter highlights the potential of polymers to improve the functionality and durability of retinal prostheses, paving the way for more effective treatments for blindness.
Polymer-Based 3D Printed Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Aslan S.
Published: February 2025

The way of 3D printing technology has diverged into many fields, with tissue engineering standing out as one of the most promising areas of application. Polymer-based 3D printed scaffolds are essential to tissue engineering because they offer structural support and facilitate cell growth and tissue regeneration. This review explores the advances in polymer-based 3D printed scaffolds, including materials used, fabrication techniques, and their applications in tissue engineering. Emphasis is placed on the properties of different polymers, the integration of bioactive factors, and the challenges and potential paths forward in this quickly developing subject.
BEHAVOURIAL ASPECTS IN PLACEMAKING WITHIN TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Abdul Latip Nurul Syala , Zulnaidi Nur Zalilah , Redzuan Nabilah , Mohamed Osman Mariana , Harun Nor Zalina
Published: February 2025

Transit-oriented development (TOD) has attracted significant attention globally for its effective role in promoting pedestrian-friendly environments. Recent implementations have focused on urban redevelopment, with the goal of enhancing walkability and TOD placemaking. The significance of TOD is evidenced by public behaviours within the TOD area. Hence, this research aimed to comprehend the significance of the behavioural aspects in building sense of place within public space in relation to TOD. The study evaluates literature spanning from 1993 to 2021, drawing from various disciplines such as architecture, urban design, environmental geography, psychology, and sociology. The studies incorporate multiple sources including reviews, case studies, and theoretical works. The findings of this study suggest that people’s behaviour and daily routines are influenced by their needs. Understanding the psychological patterns and needs of the public is crucial to effective placemaking in TOD neighbourhoods.
DIGITAL TWIN APPLICATION IN CONSTRUCTION COST MANAGEMENT
Authors: Che Haron Roziha , Muhd Zafir Nurnaqueisha Balqis
Published: February 2025

In line with the current construction revolution, it is time for the construction industry to embrace innovation and technology. This is corresponding with the National Construction Policy 2030 (NCP 2030) that comes out with the aim to digitalize the entire construction industry towards the IR 4.0. The focus is to boost the nation's construction industry's competitiveness and recognition worldwide. The construction industry has undergone a significant transformation in recent years such as BIM, IoT including Digital Twin due to the incorporation of digital technologies.  A digital twin is a virtual representation of a physical asset. It is still a relatively new concept in the construction industry, but it offers an innovative method for improving cost management strategies in construction projects. Applications of the digital twin in construction cost management have the potential to revolutionize conventional methods. Therefore, this study seeks to determine the level of understanding of construction industry players on the concept of digital twin applications in construction cost management by providing the concept and to explore the challenges and strategies in implementing the digital twin applications in construction cost management. This research employed a mixed-method approach by means of questionnaire survey and interview for data collection. 35 samples that consist of construction industry players from different organizations participated in this study. The data collected from the survey and interview are analyses through descriptive and content analysis. Overall, the findings find out the understanding of digital twin applications with its challenges and strategies to overcome it. This research contributes to the body of knowledge regarding digital twin applications and construction cost management.
RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION MANAGEMENT: A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE IN THE KENYIR LAKE BASIN, MALAYSIA
Authors: Abd Wahab Noorjima , Kamarudin Mohd Khairul Amri , Toriman Mohd Ekhwan , Abdullah Siti Nor Fazillah , Manoktong Sianturi Novdin
Published: February 2025

Reservoir sedimentation poses a significant challenge to the sustainable development of water resources, with profound implications for ecosystem health and water management. These lead to cause changes and challenges for rivers, such as floods, river erosion, sedimentation processes, and anthropogenic interference, which contribute to problems for humans and specifically for river basin ecosystems. This research examined the issue of sedimentation, a critical water body for the region's hydrology and socio-economic activities and proposed a multi-faceted management strategy that integrates sediment control measures, regular monitoring, and community involvement to enhance the sustainability of reservoir operations and safeguards the ecological integrity of the Kenyir Lake Basin. Through a combination of field surveys and sedimentation problem analysis, we assessed the current state of sediment accumulation and its impact on reservoir capacity, water quality, and downstream ecosystems. There are several aspects of processes such as erosion, sedimentation and the overflow of the river that have been found. The sedimentation problem in the Kenyir Lake Basin is caused not only by the flow rate of water but the land use activities also contribute to the increasing sediment levela. The implementation of recommendations should be carried out more specifically for reservoir sedimentation problems to avoid and minimise various other problems.
ENFORCEMENTS INFRASTRUCTURE RESILIENCE INDEX OF THE WATER AND SANITATION SECTORS TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN COASTAL CITIES
Authors: Zareef Aya , Okba Ehab , Sabry Niveen
Published: February 2025

Climate change (CC) is a significant global environmental issue that poses severe consequences, particularly on agricultural productivity, lifestyle, infrastructure, and overall population well-being. These impacts are projected to vary among different countries. The primary concern of this research is that infrastructure networks, which both contribute to the causes of climate change and are essential for its resilience, would be more susceptible to its physical impacts, notably in the water and drainage sector. The research aims to develop a model for measuring the climate change resilience index for the water and drainage sector in coastal cities. Through an inductive approach to study climate change and its risks and the resilient infrastructure to climate change and its principles, then analysing structural and administrative adaptation measures, extracting structural, administrative, and emergency plans, then assessing the extent of adopting the principles of planning and confronting climate change, developing a measurement index, then applying it to New York, Melbourne, and Thessaloniki, and finally extracting the conclusions.
THE IMPACT OF THE SURFACE RUNOFF COEFFICIENT (C) ON LAND UTILIZATION
Authors: Romdania Yuda , Herison Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Transformations in land use from undeveloped to built-up land can increase large surface runoff. This research aims to assess runoff coefficient (C) on changes in land utilization over various periods and times. The method used in this research involves analyzing changes in land use to determine the area of each type of land use over a specific period and then analyze the C value due to land changes. The results reveal that land use in the Way Pubian sub-watershed consists of pond, forest, open land, settlements, plantations, and rice fields area. In certain periods, land use changes, so that different C total value results are obtained in 2012, 2017 and 2022 periods. The C value is significantly affected by the type of land use, because the type of particular land use has different surface runoff coefficient values. The C value obtained from the 2012, 2017 and 2022 periods are close to 0, indicating that all rainwater that falls in the sub-watershed area are infiltrating the soil properly and therefore, land use is classified as good. It can be concluded that the value of the surface runoff coefficient (C) affects the magnitude of changes in land use within a certain period of time.
LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ANALYSIS USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS: A CASE STUDY IN HULU LANGAT, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA
Authors: Edi Syams Muhammad Naim , Ibrahim Illyani , Abd Latif Ngahzaifa , Asmawi M Zainora , Salleh Siti Aekbal
Published: February 2025

Landslides pose significant hazards globally, especially in expanding populations in unstable areas. This study uses geospatial analysis for landslide susceptibility in Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. The primary objectives are to understand landslide factors, analyse susceptibility, and recommend mitigation strategies. The methodology involves the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) evaluating nine parameters: elevation, slope terrain, slope aspect, lithology, soil types, distance from rivers, land cover, precipitation, and distance from faults. Key findings show lower elevations, specific soils, acid intrusive lithology, and proximity to rivers and faults are particularly susceptible to landslides. Findings show that Landslide Concern Zone (LCZ) are mainly dispersed along the vicinity of Sungai Langat and Sungai Semenyih. The study emphasizes tailored mitigation, proactive land-use planning, and integration of disaster management with urban planning to enhance resilience and inform policy.
IMPACT OF POST-COVID 19 ECONOMIC CRISES ON AFFORDABILITY OF RENTAL HOUSING IN RAJSHAHI: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON RESIDUAL INCOME
Authors: Hameem Sheikh , Jesmin Farjana
Published: February 2025

Housing has always been a consistent and globally recognized urban challenge that remains largely unresolved. Meanwhile, affordability lies at the heart of most housing issues. The post-COVID global economic uncertainty has further enhanced this problem, as the living costs continue to rise at an alarming rate. In countries like Bangladesh, the situation is even more complex due to its large population. As being the third-largest metropolitan city, Rajshahi faces severe challenges in addressing housing affordability. In most of the cases household incomes and living standards have remained constant, but rising inflation and other post-COVID economic pressures have increased the cost of living. This has a direct impact on the rental housing affordability in Rajshahi. After paying for the unavoidable non-housing costs, the remaining amount is insufficient for house rents or expenditures, leading to a significant housing cost burden for renters. This paper employs a residual income-based method to examine the effect of the economic crisis after COVID on rental affordability in Rajshahi, offering a comparative analysis of the pre-COVID situation. It is anticipated that this paper will broaden future research opportunities and contribute to the implementation of the required policies to address this issue.
IDENTIFYING THE DRIVERS OF HOUSEHOLD WATER USAGE EFFICIENCY IN TERENGGANU: THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR (TPB) APPROACH
Authors: Anang Zuraini , Kamaludin Mahirah , Abd Rashid Noorhaslinda Kulub , Sharma Ashok K. , Wan Nawawi Nur Raihah
Published: February 2025

In the contemporary era, the issue of water scarcity has emerged as a critical concern on a global scale. Factors such as rapid population expansion, urbanization, and the uncertainties associated with climate change have exerted significant influence on water availability, particularly in the context of domestic consumption. Regions including Klang Valley, Selangor, Johor, Perlis, Melaka, and Negeri Sembilan are currently grappling with water shortages. Despite Malaysia's reputation for substantial rainfall, the nation is increasingly confronted with freshwater scarcity concerns. Consequently, the primary objectives encompass an examination of water consumption patterns and the identification of determinants driving water conservation within households. The study sample encompasses 271 households. Results indicate that both attitude and subjective norms are significantly correlated with water use efficiency, with corresponding p-values of 0.076 and 0.86, respectively. The insights gleaned from water usage patterns can serve as valuable tools for water operators in the management and educational efforts targeted at households, including campaigns promoting sustainable water usage and conservation practices.
THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY ON THE WELLBEING OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Mohd Effendi Mohamad Hanif Azree , Tun Ismail Wan Nor Azilawanie
Published: February 2025

Despite growing awareness of environmental issues and the increasing integration of sustainability into educational settings, the relationship between environmental responsibility and the well-being of university students remains insufficiently explored. Presently, environmental issues pose challenges for Malaysia, becoming a global concern that demands serious attention. While the general displays a high level of awareness regarding environmental issues, conservation and preservation efforts remain low. This study aims to examine environmental responsibility's impact on university students' well-being. The study was conducted on 309 students, and the obtained data were analysed using SPSS version 20. The findings demonstrate a moderate positive relationship for all variables, including environmental knowledge, emotions towards the environment, self-efficacy, motivation, intention, and environmental behaviour toward the well-being of university students. Regression analysis results reveal that two variables, namely self-efficacy and environmental behaviour, exhibit a significant and positive influence on the well-being of university students. It is crucial to foster environmental consciousness among Malaysians, especially students, because this generation plays a crucial role in shaping the future of the environment. Also, the Malaysian government must prioritise addressing environmental challenges, as they are progressively worsening and concerning.
BUILDING CONDITION ASSESSMENT FOR SCHOOL BUILDING
Authors: Mohd Nazri Siti Fatimah Azzahra , Hashim Khairusy Syakirin Has-Yun , Mohd Suhaimi Mohamad Saiful Nizam
Published: February 2025

This research explores the multifaceted domain of Building Maintenance Management (BMM), focusing on issues, challenges, and assessment methodologies. A comprehensive review of literature spanning various academic disciplines and professional fields was conducted to synthesize existing knowledge and identify gaps in understanding. The study investigates the impact of Building Condition Assessment (BCA) methodologies on sustainable asset management practices, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. Key themes explored include Facilities Management (FM), and occupant satisfaction in the context of BMM. The research highlights the importance of strategic decision-making in allocating resources and implementing maintenance strategies to optimize building performance and ensure the well-being of occupants. Drawing on insights from diverse perspectives, this study contributes to advancing knowledge in the field of BMM and provides a foundation for future research endeavors and practical applications aimed at enhancing the sustainability and resilience of built environments.
THE ENDURING LEGACY OF MASHRABIYA IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN
Authors: Baydoun Ziad , Baydoun Marwa , Mustafa Muhammad Hadi , Kadi Sadeq , Khasanov Azamat
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the multifaceted significance of Mashrabiya, a traditional architectural element found throughout the Islamic world. Employing a design typology approach, it delves into its historical, social, artistic, and environmental aspects. The core focus lies in the typology's impact on functionality, including solar control, ventilation, and humidity regulation. Cultural and social values embedded within the design and craftsmanship are also explored. The study emphasizes design strategies for incorporating Mashrabiya in both historical and contemporary buildings, analysing its use as a primary decorative element. A comparative analysis with traditional Malay house screening is included. six case studies, encompassing traditional and modern applications, will be examined alongside the element's historical background, installation methods, material usage, and modern adaptations in hotels and boutiques. Finally, the artistic representation and construction techniques, particularly its connection to abstract geometry, will be explored. This comprehensive investigation aims to highlight the rich history of Mashrabiya, establish it as a valuable source of inspiration for future designers, and bridge the knowledge gap between traditional and modern forms.
Interstitial 1p36 Deletion Syndrome Encompassing CAMTA1 Gene: A Case Report
Authors: Sihombing Nydia Rena Benita , Maharani Nani , Utari Agustini , Winarni Tri Indah
Published: February 2025

Deletion of chromosome 1p36 encompassed various genes; however, the role of the CAMTA1 gene in the 1p36 region is less investigated. We report a child with developmental delay, a history of congenital heart abnormality, self-injurious behavior, nystagmus, and facial dysmorphism. Chromosomal microarray revealed a 257.2 kb deletion of chromosome 1p36.31, with CAMTA1 as the only involved gene. We explore overlapping clinical features of both chromosome 1p36 deletion and CAMTA1 intragenic deletion, including intellectual disability/developmental delay, behavior abnormalities, hypotonia, eye problems, and movement disorder. Based on previous studies, our case showed that haploinsufficiency in the first three exons of CAMTA1 in the CG-1 domain gave rise to movement disorders. Regular follow-up and rehabilitation are paramount to improving a patient’s quality of life. Furthermore, parental testing is warranted to determine parental origin and assist in reproductive and genetic counseling.
Creation of Text Vignettes Based on Patient-Reported Data to Facilitate a Better Understanding of the Patient Perspective: Design Study
Authors: Kelly Sofia Charlotte , Wegener Emilie Kauffeldt , Kayser Lars
Published: February 2025

Background

Patient-reported outcome (PRO) data refer to information systematically reported by patients, or on behalf of patients, without the influence of health care professionals. It is a focal point of the health care system’s ambition toward becoming more involving and personalized. It is recognized that PROs provide valuable data. However, despite this recognition, there are challenges related to both patients’ and clinicians’ accurate interpretations of the quantitative data. To overcome these challenges, this study explores text vignettes as a representation of PROs.

Objective

This study aimed to develop data-informed text vignettes based on data from the Readiness and Enablement Index for Health Technology (READHY) instrument as another way of representing PRO data and to examine how these are perceived as understandable and relevant for both patients and clinicians.

Methods

The text vignettes were created from participant responses to the READHY instrument, which encompasses health literacy, health education, and eHealth literacy. The text vignettes were created from 13 individual text strings, each corresponding to a scale in the READHY instrument. This study consisted of 3 sequential parts. In part 1, individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease completed the READHY instrument, providing data to be used to create vignettes based on cluster profiles from the READHY instrument. Part 2 focused on the development of scale-based strings representing all READHY dimensions, which were evaluated through iterative cognitive interviews. In part 3, clinicians and patients assessed the understanding and relevance of the text vignettes.

Results

Clinicians and patients both understood and related to the text vignettes. Patients viewed the text vignettes as an accurate reflection of their PRO responses, and clinicians perceived the text vignettes as aligned with their understanding of patients’ experiences.

Conclusions

Text vignettes can be developed using PRO instruments, with individual scales as input strings. This provides an opportunity to present numeric values in a text format that is understandable and recognizable to most patients and clinicians. Challenges with the vignette’s language and layout require customization and clinician training to ensure meaningful interpretation. Findings also support the need to expand the study and enhance clinical relevance with alternative or contextually relevant text vignettes.
Improving the Implementation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measure in Clinical Practice: Tackling Current Challenges With Innovative Digital Communication Technologies
Authors: de Ligt Kelly M , Hommes Saar , Vromans Ruben D , Boomstra Eva , van de Poll Lonneke V , Krahmer Emiel J
Published: February 2025

Implementation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in clinical practice is challenging. We believe effective communication is key to realizing the clinical benefits of PROMs. Communication processes for PROMs in clinical practice typically involve (1) health care professionals (HCPs) inviting patients to complete PROMs, (2) patients completing PROMs, (3) HCPs and patients interpreting the resulting patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and (4) HCPs and patients using PROs for health management. Yet, communication around PROMs remains underexplored. Importantly, patients differ in their skills, knowledge, preferences, and motivations for completing PROMs, as well as in their ability and willingness to interpret and apply PROs in managing their health. Despite this, current communication practices often fail to account for these differences. This paper highlights the importance of personalized communication to make PROMs accessible to diverse populations. Personalizing communication manually is highly labor-intensive, but several digital technologies can offer a feasible solution to accommodate various patients. Despite their potential, these technologies have not yet been applied to PROMs. We explore how existing principles and tools, such as automatic data-to-text generation (including multimodal outputs like text combined with data visualizations) and conversational agents, can enable personalized communication of PROMs in practice.
Mortality Risk Prediction in Patients With Antimelanoma Differentiation–Associated, Gene 5 Antibody–Positive, Dermatomyositis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Li Hui , Zou Ruyi , Xin Hongxia , He Ping , Xi Bin , Tian Yaqiong , Zhao Qi , Yan Xin , Qiu Xiaohua , Gao Yujuan , Liu Yin , Cao Min , Chen Bi , Han Qian , Chen Juan , Wang Guochun , Cai Hourong
Published: February 2025

Background

Patients with antimelanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 antibody–positive dermatomyositis–associated interstitial lung disease (anti-MDA5+DM-ILD) are susceptible to rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) and have a high risk of mortality. There is an urgent need for a reliable prediction model, accessible via an easy-to-use web-based tool, to evaluate the risk of death.

Objective

This study aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction model of 3-month mortality using machine learning (ML) in a large multicenter cohort of patients with anti-MDA5+DM-ILD in China.

Methods

In total, 609 consecutive patients with anti-MDA5+DM-ILD were retrospectively enrolled from 6 hospitals across China. Patient demographics and laboratory and clinical parameters were collected on admission. The primary endpoint was 3-month mortality due to all causes. Six ML algorithms (Extreme Gradient Boosting [XGBoost], logistic regression (LR), Light Gradient Boosting Machine [LightGBM], random forest [RF], support vector machine [SVM], and k-nearest neighbor [KNN]) were applied to construct and evaluate the model.

Results

After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 509 (83.6%) of the 609 patients were included in our study, divided into a training cohort (n=203, 39.9%), an internal validation cohort (n=51, 10%), and 2 external validation cohorts (n=92, 18.1%, and n=163, 32%). ML identified 8 important variables as critical for model construction: RP-ILD, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum albumin (ALB) level, age, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). LR was chosen as the best algorithm for model construction, and the model demonstrated excellent performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.866, a sensitivity of 84.8%, and a specificity of 84.4% on the validation data set and an AUC of 0.90, a sensitivity of 85.0%, and a specificity of 83.9% on the training data set. Calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the model’s accuracy and clinical applicability. Moreover, the model showed strong predictive performance in the external validation cohorts (cohort 1: AUC=0.836, 95% CI 0.754-0.916; cohort 2: AUC=0.915, 95% CI 0.871-0.959), indicating good generalizability. This model was integrated into a web-based tool to predict the 3-month mortality for patients with anti-MDA5+DM-ILD.

Conclusions

We successfully developed a robust clinical prediction model and an accompanying web tool to estimate the 3-month mortality risk for patients with anti-MDA5+DM-ILD.
Digital Health Program to Support Family Caregivers of Children Undergoing Growth Hormone Therapy: Qualitative Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jiménez-Díaz Alba , Pierantonelli Maitena , Morte Coscolín Patricia , Salinas-Uhalte Amaia , Quer-Palomas Silvia , Rivera-Romero Octavio , Herrero Rocío , Fernández-Luque Luis , Baños Rosa , Berrios Ricardo C , de Arriba Antonio
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Caregivers of children with growth hormone deficiency often face emotional challenges (eg, stress) associated with their children’s health conditions. This psychological burden might affect children’s adherence to treatment and hinder their health-related quality of life (HrQoL). This assumption is leading to seriously considering multidimensional clinical approaches to pediatric health conditions where the emotional well-being of caregivers should be accounted for to optimize children’s health outcomes. Novel mobile health (mHealth) solutions based on emotional and behavioral change techniques can play a promising role because they are increasingly used within different health areas to support adaptive psychological functioning. However, whether and how mHealth solutions of this type of emotional well-being support caregivers of children with growth-related problems is an issue that needs to be clarified.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to gather qualitative information to better understand individualized experiences of caregiving of children undergoing growth hormone therapy (GHt) and perceived barriers or facilitators for the adoption of an mHealth solution called Adhera Caring Digital Program (ACDP).

METHODS

A total of 10 family caregivers were recruited at Miguel Servet Children’s Hospital, and they engaged with the ACDP for 1 month. The ACDP is a mobile-based digital intervention focused on promoting the overall well-being of family caregivers which provides access to personalized education, motivational mobile-based messages, and mental well-being exercises such as mindfulness or respiratory exercises. Subsequently, an individual semistructured interview was performed to gather qualitative user experience information.

RESULTS

The digital intervention was well-received. The ACDP was found to be useful, easy to use, and understandable, addressing all the difficulties expressed by caregivers. It was also noted to be particularly helpful at the beginning of the treatment and, for some families, became a natural tool that strengthened the parent-child relationship.

CONCLUSIONS

The ACDP is a promising and well-accepted tool that enhances the experience of patients and caregivers. It improves the management of growth hormone deficiency and promotes the overall well-being of family caregivers.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials NCT04812665; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04812665

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1186/s12911-022-01935-1
Mortality Risk Prediction in Patients With Antimelanoma Differentiation–Associated, Gene 5 Antibody–Positive, Dermatomyositis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: Algorithm Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Li Hui , Zou Ruyi , Xin Hongxia , He Ping , Xi Bin , Tian Yaqiong , Zhao Qi , Yan Xin , Qiu Xiaohua , Gao Yujuan , Liu Yin , Cao Min , Chen Bi , Han Qian , Chen Juan , Wang Guochun , Cai Hourong
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Patients with antimelanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 antibody–positive dermatomyositis–associated interstitial lung disease (anti-MDA5+DM-ILD) are susceptible to rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) and have a high risk of mortality. There is an urgent need for a reliable prediction model, accessible via an easy-to-use web-based tool, to evaluate the risk of death.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction model of 3-month mortality using machine learning (ML) in a large multicenter cohort of patients with anti-MDA5+DM-ILD in China.

METHODS

In total, 609 consecutive patients with anti-MDA5+DM-ILD were retrospectively enrolled from 6 hospitals across China. Patient demographics and laboratory and clinical parameters were collected on admission. The primary endpoint was 3-month mortality due to all causes. Six ML algorithms (Extreme Gradient Boosting [XGBoost], logistic regression (LR), Light Gradient Boosting Machine [LightGBM], random forest [RF], support vector machine [SVM], and k-nearest neighbor [KNN]) were applied to construct and evaluate the model.

RESULTS

After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 509 (83.6%) of the 609 patients were included in our study, divided into a training cohort (n=203, 39.9%), an internal validation cohort (n=51, 10%), and 2 external validation cohorts (n=92, 18.1%, and n=163, 32%). ML identified 8 important variables as critical for model construction: RP-ILD, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum albumin (ALB) level, age, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). LR was chosen as the best algorithm for model construction, and the model demonstrated excellent performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.866, a sensitivity of 84.8%, and a specificity of 84.4% on the validation data set and an AUC of 0.90, a sensitivity of 85.0%, and a specificity of 83.9% on the training data set. Calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the model’s accuracy and clinical applicability. Moreover, the model showed strong predictive performance in the external validation cohorts (cohort 1: AUC=0.836, 95% CI 0.754-0.916; cohort 2: AUC=0.915, 95% CI 0.871-0.959), indicating good generalizability. This model was integrated into a web-based tool to predict the 3-month mortality for patients with anti-MDA5+DM-ILD.

CONCLUSIONS

We successfully developed a robust clinical prediction model and an accompanying web tool to estimate the 3-month mortality risk for patients with anti-MDA5+DM-ILD.
Correction: Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Multimodal Psychotherapy Training Program for Medical Students in China: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Pei Tao , Ding Yinan , Tang Jinsong , Liao Yanhui
Published: February 2025

UNSTRUCTURED
The contribution of an online intervention to developing communities of practice: evaluation of an online safety hub to address harmful online content in relation to self-harm and suicide (Preprint)
Authors: Mueller Arne , Hughes Gemma , Maniatopoulos Gregory
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Online harm affects many people and has been associated with self-harm and suicidal ideation. Although there is an emerging body of evidence that addressing adverse online experiences should be part of the support offered to people who are at risk of self-harm and suicide, there has been little guidance to date on how this support might be provided and how safe conversations can be had on the subject. A UK charity dedicated to offering emotional support to anyone experiencing mental discomfort, having difficulty coping, or being at risk of suicide developed a digital intervention, the Online Safety Hub (the Hub), to address this shortfall.

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Hub on practitioners (people who provide support) and people with lived experiences of suicide and self-harm.

METHODS

A mixed-method evaluation comprised a rapid literature review, data collected from people with lived experience and practitioners through surveys, interviews, focus groups and analysis of the Hub’s activity data. The study design was informed by a panel of people with lived experience of online harm resulting in either self-harm and/or suicidal ideation.

RESULTS

Initially, the evaluation found limited uptake of the Hub. Engagement with the Hub was impeded by a lack of clarity on the part of practitioners as to whether they were the intended audience. The evaluation process prompted the charity to design and deliver webinars to facilitate uptake of the Hub. Practitioners who engaged with the Hub via webinars found the content useful and were able to consider incorporating their learning into practice. The webinars offered a more social learning experience than individual engagement with the Hub, providing a community of practice for people with common interests across diverse organisational settings. Opportunities for shared learning and the supportive nature of the community of practice were valued when learning about the sensitive and difficult topic of online harm in relation to self-harm and suicide. The Hub contributed to awareness raising and shared learning.

CONCLUSIONS

Online resources alone may not be sufficient for an intervention to effectively raise awareness and change practice. Social learning facilitated through communities of practice can enhance engagement, uptake, and learning.
Application of Digital Tools in the Care of Patients with Diabetes: A Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Yan Yan
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

The global rise in the prevalence of diabetes significantly impacts the quality of life of both patients and their families. Despite advances in diabetes care, numerous challenges remain in its management. In recent years, digital tools have been increasingly integrated into diabetes care, demonstrating some positive outcomes. However, their long-term effectiveness and associated challenges require further investigation.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the types and current usage of digital tools in diabetes management, analyze their benefits and limitations, and provide recommendations for optimizing their future application in diabetes care.

METHODS

A scoping review was conducted following the framework of Arksey and O'Malley. Databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies published from database inception to July 31, 2024. The selected literature was reviewed and analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 6,263 articles were identified. After two rounds of screening, 45 studies were included, representing research from 7 countries. The included studies comprised randomized controlled trials (n=26), non-randomized controlled trials (n=14), and other study designs. The digital tools evaluated primarily included mobile health applications, information management platforms, diabetes online communities (DOCs), specialized monitoring devices, blood glucose management systems, and electronic remote monitoring systems. Outcome measures included blood glucose control (e.g., fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin), blood lipid levels, BMI, self-management capacity, quality of life, patient satisfaction, and diabetes knowledge.

CONCLUSIONS

Digital tools have shown promise in improving blood glucose control and self-management in diabetes patients. However, challenges such as technology acceptance, data security, and privacy concerns remain. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effectiveness of these tools and address the practical challenges in their implementation.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable.
Monkeypox is spreading around the world — what threats can humanity expect?
Authors: Duda O.K.
Published: February 2025

The World Health Organization has declared monkeypox a “public health emergency of international concern” corresponding to the highest level of danger. Monkeypox is spread through close personal contact, often skin-to-skin. The disease can spread through direct contact with the rashes or body fluids of an infected person. Given the wide geographic distribution of the disease, the actual number of cases will be unknown. Anyone can get monkeypox, but to date most confirmed cases outside of endemic areas in Africa have occurred in young or middle-aged men who have sex with men who have recently had sex with new or multiple partners.
A Review on Effective Usage of Recycling of Lubricating Engine Oil
Authors: M Dr. Purusothaman
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses on the treatment of waste engine oils that have gone through an acetic acid recycling process.
A recycling process was invented, and the findings eventually became similar to some of the more conventional
approaches. Recycled oil can be put back into automobile engines. Using acetic acid has the advantage that it reacts very
little, if at all, with base oils. Recycling happens in a room with ambient temperature. According to studies on its
properties, acetic acid doesn't really affect base oils or oil additives. After being treated with 0.8 percent acetic acid, the
used oil was separated into two layers, a dark, black sludge at the container's bottom and a transparent, dark red oil on top
of it. The findings of this paper were compared to base oils provided by other recycling methods. They revealed that the
recycled engine oil obtained by acetic acid treatment is equal to that obtained throughother traditional approaches.
Analysis of Happiness and Satisfaction in Physical Education Classes Among Middle School Students Based on Gender and Frequency of Exercise
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Yoon Sung-ho , Jung Koo-in
Published: February 2025

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in happiness and satisfaction in physical edu cation classes based on gender and frequency of exercise among middle school students.
Methods To achieve this purpose, a questionnaire was distributed to 256 middle school students in Sejong City to measure the variables related to happiness and satisfaction with physical education classes based on gender and frequency of exercise. After excluding unreturned, insincere, or incomplete responses, 252 questionnaires were selected for analysis. The returned data underwent reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and bi variate analysis using SPSS 27.0.
Results The results of the study using the aforementioned methods were as follows: First, a bivariate analysis of happiness in physical education classes by gender and exercise frequency revealed no significant difference in ex ercise frequency, but a significant difference by gender. There was no interaction effect. Second, a bivariate analy sis of satisfaction with physical education classes indicated no significant difference by frequency of exercise, but a significant difference by gender. Again, there was no interaction effect.
Conclusions The study found that differences in exercise frequency were not related to happiness and satisfaction with physical education classes; however, significant differences were observed by gender. In particular, girls re ported lower levels of happiness and satisfaction compared to boys. Therefore, it was recommended to consider gender-specific class programs to encourage middle school girls, many of whom were not interested in physical activity, to enjoy and participate more actively in physical education classes.
Manifestation of Spatial Ability and Problem Solving in the Context of Orthogonal Projection via Dynamic Geometry Environment
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Baek Chan , Cho Minshik
Published: February 2025

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the improvement of students' spatial ability and problem-solv ing in high school geometry by utilizing a dynamic geometry environment.
Methods Activity sheets were developed using the dynamic geometry software GeoGebra, allowing students to explore projection problems that require various spatial abilities. The study analyzed how spatial abilities such as spatial visualization, spatial orientation, and spatial relations manifest in a dynamic geometry environment and the positive impact of these exploratory activities on problem-solving.
Results The exploratory activities using the 3D functions of dynamic geometry help students confirm mathemat ical concepts or properties related to the problems, devise strategies necessary for solving the problems, analyze the conditions of the problems, and implement them practically. This process provides students with opportunities to question the conditions and explore them mathematically.
Conclusions The results of this study are expected to provide insights into teaching strategies for solving spatial geometry problems facilitated by dynamic geometry exploratory activities.
A Study on Changes in Multicultural Awareness among Graduate Students Through the Reading Experience of Novels Embodying Vietnamese Marriage Immigrant Women
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Choi Yeonhwa , Lee Yun Jung
Published: February 2025

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in graduate students' multicultural awareness through the reading experience of a novel embodying Vietnamese immigrant women through marriage, and to ex plore whether the reading experience of a novel embodying Vietnamese immigrant women through marriage is effective in fostering and improving multicultural awareness in adults.
Methods Six graduate students majoring in multicultural education at a university in the metropolitan area were selected as research participants. For the reading experience of the research participants, book selection criteria were established, and four books were selected according to the selection criteria. The four novels were read in four sessions, and focus group interviews (FGIs) were conducted. The interview data were analyzed by subdivid ing each subcategory into the changes before and during the reading experience, and the multicultural awareness after the reading experience.
Results Before the reading experience, the research participants’ thoughts on Vietnamese immigrant women through marriage had a stereotype of young brides with strong vitality, and their understanding of the difficulties experienced by Vietnamese immigrant women through marriage was also superficial. However, as the reading experience continued, the research participants discovered the problems embodying in the novel, and their multi cultural awareness began to change. After the reading experience, the research participants recognized Vietnamese immigrant women through marriage as members of our society, and viewed them as active actors rather than simple victims. They also came to prepare alternatives out of concern about the negative image that was being fixed when embodying Vietnamese immigrant women through marriage. In addition, the research par ticipants’ multicultural awareness expanded not only to Vietnamese immigrant women through marriage, but also to low-income poor classes, socially disadvantaged people, and migrant workers. The research participants fos tered multicultural awareness through sharing various perspectives and meta-reflection, and it was confirmed that the reading experience was effective in improving multicultural awareness.
Conclusions This study showed that the reading experience through a novel embodying Vietnamese immigrant women brought about positive changes in graduate students' multicultural awareness, and the reading experience conducted in this study has the meaning of social reading. If this social reading is utilized in education for adults, it will contribute to fostering and improving adults' multicultural awareness.