bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental media policy
Authors: Herzog Christian , Beck Hanno
Published: November 2016

Experiments are part of the methodological toolkit in empirical political, economic and social science research. However, perhaps surprisingly, there is very little elaboration on the use and potential of experiments for media and communications policy, an issue addressed in this article. To float the idea we introduce some basic features of experiments and experimental approaches. Subsequently, five models of broadcasting organization that differ in their level of market proximity are introduced. Building upon these models, the article develops one suggestion for a quasi-experiment that starts from the hypothesis that the attitude towards PSM organizations can be positively changed when licence-fee contributors have ex ante control over certain programme-making decisions. The experiment would involve allocating a small proportion of licence-fee funds, over a predetermined period, to a newly designed participatory and transparent programme-making scheme. Eventually it could test whether such policy measures are deemed right to positively affect individual attitudes towards PSM organizations. Finally, the article calls for the more systematic inclusion of experimental research designs into media policy scholarship, making a case for experimental media policy as a sub-discipline in its own right.
Book Reviews
Authors: Evens Tom
Published: November 2016

The Format Age: Television’s Entertainment Revolution, Jean K. Chalaby (Ed.) (2015)

Cambridge: Polity, 216 pp.

ISBN: 9781509502592, p/bk, £16.99
Book Reviews
Authors: Given Jock
Published: November 2016

Television is the New Television: The Unexpected Triumph of Old Media in the Digital Age, Michael Wolff (ed.) (2015)

New York: Portfolio/Penguin, 212 pp.

ISBN: 9781591848134, h/bk, $26.95
A case of kwashiorkor in a child with congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Tangkilisan Helena Aneke , Wijayanto Teguh , Wiriadinata Sugianto
Published: November 2016

A 12-year-old Indonesian girl with the body weight of 9.8 kg and length 78 cm was admitted to the Department of Child Health, Manado General Hospital with kwashiorkor and congenital hypothyroidism. The main complaint was edema starting 3 weeks before admission. Physical examination showed body weight for age (BW/A) 14.3%, body weight for body length (BW/BL) 66.0% and body length for age (BL/A) 49.1%. On admission she looked severely ill, apathetic, with hypothermia and hypotonia. Almost all signs and symptoms of kwashiorkor and congenital hypothyroidism were found accompanied bronchopneumonia and dermatologic problems. Laboratory findings showed severe anemia, leukocytosis, hypoproteinemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, elevated thyroid stimulating hormone and low level of Thyroxine-4. Bone age equaled to a newborn baby bone age. There was no thyroid tissue on thyroid ultrasound examination. The patient was treated for severe protein energy malnutrition and ThyraxR. Problems of kwashiorkor could been solved well but not with the congenital hypothyroidism. She was discharged from hospital after 2 months treatment and till now at 14th year of age with her developmental milestones equals to that of 8 month old baby.
Outcomes of acute kidney injury in children at Muhammad Husin Hospital, Palembang
Authors: Lestari Hertanti Lndah , Bahrun Dahler , Fitriana Eka Lntan
Published: November 2016

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problemin hospitalized pediatric patients, with effects on morbidity andmortality.Objectives To assess for the incidence and common etiologies ofAKI, as well as to review factors that affect patient outcomes atMuhammad Husin Hospital, Palembang.Methods We reviewed data from our nephrology registry fromJanuary 2010 to June 2013. Independent variables were age, stageand etiology of AKI, requirement of renal replacement therapy(RRT) , and PICU admission. The dependent variable was patientoutcomes, categorized as survived or died. Association betweenclinical data and outcomes were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results The incidence of AKI was 28.3%. Using the pediatric risk,injury, failure, loss, end stage renal disease (pRIFLE) criteria, 65(36.7%) patients were in the risk stage, 56 (31.6%) in the injurystage, and 56 (31.6%) in the failure stage. Twelve (6.8%) patientsrequired RRT and 29 (16.4%) patients were admitted to the PIW.The mortality rate from AKI was 20.9%. The common etiologies ofAKI were acute glomerulonephritis (55 subjects; 31.1 % ), multipleorgan dysfunction (24 subjects; 13.6%), dehydration (23 subjects;13.0%), hypoalbuminemia (20 subjects; 11.3%), heart failure (11subjects; 6.2%) and nephrotoxic agents (12 subjects; 6.8%) . Themortality rate was significantly higher in children of younger age(<5 years) (P=0.0001), in the failure stage of AKI (P=0.014),with non-renal origin of illness (P=0.0001) and those with anindication for PIW admission (P=0.0001).Conclusion AKI is found in one-third of nephrology patients.The most common etiology of AKI is acute glomerulonephritis.One-fifth of patients with AKI do not survive. Recognition ofriskfactors and detection of AKI in early stages might improve patientoutcomes.
Lactate clearance and mortality in pediatric sepsis
Authors: Saputra Dedi K. , Runtunuwu Ari L. , Tatura Suryadi N. N. , Manoppo Jeanette I. Ch. , Lolombulan Julius H.
Published: November 2016

Background Sepsis is a life-threatening condition often encountered in the pediatric intensive care unit. In the last five decades, despite the use of aggressive antibiotics and advances in intensive care medicine, the mortality rate of sepsis remains high. In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 11 million children die annually due to sepsis, of these, 30,000 children under five years of age die daily. Serum lactate concentration is useful to evaluate the progression of sepsis in children. Lactate clearance can be used to evaluate the outcomes in sepsis management in children.Objective To evaluate the relationship between lactate clearance and patient mortality. We also attempted to assess the usefulness of lactate clearance as an early prognostic marker in pediatric sepsis.Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Pediatrics Department of Prof Kandou General Hospital from November 2013 to April 2014. Consecutive sampling was undertaken on 45 children aged 1 month to 15 years who were diagnosed with sepsis according to the inclusion criteria. First lactate serum was measured immediately following patient admission to the PICU. The next serum lactate measurement was six hours after initial treatment in the PICU.Results The mean lactate clearance was higher in the survivors’ than in the non-survivors’ group (58.48%vs. 18.20%, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed a lactate clearance cutoff point of 34.7%, with sensitivity 87.50%, specificity 96.55%, positive predictive value 93.33%, and negative predictive value 93.33%. The formula used was y=1/{1+exp-(4.135-0.119 lactate clearance)}. Chi-square analysis of lactate clearance and mortality revealed an odds ratio (OR) of 196.0 (95%CI 16.34 to 2,351.53; P<0.001).Conclusion Higher lactate clearances significantly associate with lower mortality in children with sepsis.
Validation of the Pediatric Early Warning Score to determine patient deterioration from illness
Authors: Elita Lenny , Triratna Silvia , Bahar Erial
Published: November 2016

Background Patients who enter the emergency room (ERER) present with a variety of conditions, ranging from mild to critical. As such, it may be hard to determine which patients are in need of intensive care unit treatment. The Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) has been used to identify signs of critical illness in pediatric patients.Objective To validate the PEWS system for assessing signs of critical illness in pediatric patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang.Methods Subjects were children aged 1 month to 18 years who received treatment in the ERER and Pediatrics Ward inDr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital in March to April 2015. Assessment with PEWS was based on vital sign examinations. Scores ranged from 0 to 9. The PEWS was generally taken twice, first in the ER , then after 6 hours in the ward. We obtained the cut-off point, sensitivity, and specificity of PEWS, in terms of need for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) treatment.Results One hundred fifty patients were included in this study. Patients with PEW score of 5 or greater in the ER were relatively more likely to be transferred to the PICU, with a sensitivity of 94.4% and a specificity of 82.5%. The cut-off point obtained from the ROC curve was score 4.5 with AUC 96.7% (95%CI 93.4 to 99.9%; P<0.001).Conclusion A PEWS score of cut-off ≥5 may be used to determine which patients are in critically ill condition requiring treatment in PICU.
Prevalence and Abundance of Cyamid “Whale Lice” (Cyamus ceti) on Subsistence Harvested Bowhead Whales (Balaena mysticetus)
Authors: Von Duyke Andrew L. , Stimmelmayr Raphaela , Sheffield Gay , Sformo Todd , Givens Geof H. , George John C.
Published: November 2016

We present findings on the prevalence and abundance of cyamid ectoparasites (Cyamus ceti) or “whale lice” on bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) harvested for subsistence in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas from 1973 to 2015. Cyamids were present on 20% of the 673 whales that were examined for cyamid ectoparasites. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with cyamid prevalence. The probability of cyamid presence increased with age, length, and improving body condition, but decreased over the past 35 years. Cyamid presence was also more probable on whales harvested in the spring than on those harvested in the fall. When present, cyamid abundance was typically low(< 10 per whale). Case histories provide ancillary information about the relationships between abundance of cyamids and their bowhead hosts. Environmental change and increasing anthropogenic disturbances are expected to occur in the Arctic regions inhabited by bowheads. We recommend continued monitoring of subsistence harvested whales for cyamids, as well as further investigations into the roles of environmental and anthropogenic variables in cyamid prevalence and abundance, as part of a comprehensive program of Arctic ecosystem assessment.
Cumulative Effects of Environmental Change on Culturally Significant Ecosystems in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region + Supplementary Appendices 1 to 3 (See Article Tools)
Authors: Tyson William , Lantz Trevor C. , Ban Natalie C.
Published: November 2016

The Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR) in the western Canadian Arctic is experiencing environmental changes that affect subsistence harvesting practices and are of concern to local communities. In order to assess the impacts of multiple disturbances on culturally important ecosystems in the ISR, we created a cumulative disturbance map that represents relative intensity of terrestrial disturbances across the study region. We then assessed the relative level of environmental disturbance in important harvesting areas and management zones. Subsequently, we modeled nine future disturbance scenarios that included combinations of increased human impacts and more frequent and widespread wildfires. Using the conservation planning software Marxan, we assessed the potential to conserve large, contiguous areas of unaffected harvesting lands across all scenarios. Our results show that important management zones, wildlife harvesting areas, and community planning zones are all affected by environmental disturbances. Marxan optimizations show that existing disturbance levels create thresholds for current conservation potential and indicate that future disturbances will further limit conservation potential. These results suggest that conservation planners in the region must take steps to anticipate more widespread natural and human-caused disturbance in the ISR and work to maintain large contiguous landscapes that can support wildlife harvesting in the face of ongoing environmental disturbance.
Políticas de evaluación docente de la OCDE: Un acercamiento a la experiencia en la educación básica mexicana
Authors: Cuevas Cajiga Yazmín , Moreno Olivos Tiburcio
Published: November 2016

En 2008 México firmó un acuerdo con la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) a fin de mejorar la calidad de la educación básica, en el cual se enfatizó la implementación de ocho orientaciones estratégicas dirigidas a la evaluación docente para la rendición de cuentas y la formación docente. En respuesta, durante el 2013 surgió en México una reforma que incorpora la evaluación del desempeño docente en la educación básica, proceso por el cual se regula el ingreso a la profesión, la permanencia en el servicio docente, el otorgamiento de estímulos económicos y la promoción a puestos de dirección escolar. Los objetivos de este artículo son, por un lado, analizar cómo sigue este país, a través de su reforma educativa, las políticas de evaluación docente sugeridas por este organismo internacional; por otro lado, identificar los matices que adquieren estas políticas en dicha reforma. Con el fin de dar seguimiento al curso de las ocho recomendaciones estratégicas se desarrolló una revisión documental. En el análisis destaca que la experiencia mexicana otorga elevada atención a acciones dirigidas a la evaluación para la rendición de cuentas de los maestros, mientras que la formación docente en realidad no constituye una preocupación central.
A note on transport equation in quasiconformally invariant spaces
Authors: Clop Albert , Jiang Renjin , Mateu Joan , Orobitg Joan
Published: November 2016

In this note, we study the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for the transport equation in the BMO space and certain Triebel–Lizorkin spaces.
Zuverlässige und sichere Software offener Automatisierungssysteme der Zukunft – Herausforderungen und Lösungswege
Authors: Keller Hubert B. , Schneider Oliver , Matthes Jörg , Hagenmeyer Veit
Published: November 2016

In der modernen Automatisierung ist die Zuverlässigkeit der Software grundlegend und durch konstruktive Maßnahmen
zu sichern. Echtzeitsysteme müssen über Schedulingverfahren auf Basis des Prozesskonzepts der
Automatisierungstechnik beweisbar die zeitlichen Anforderungen im worst case erfüllen. Fehlervermeidende Sprachen mit
Typprüfungen sind notwendig für die Erfüllung der Zuverlässigkeit. Die Anforderungen der
Informationssicherheit sind in offenen Automatisierungssystemen integrativ zu erfüllen. Schwachstellen in der
Implementierung oder den additiven Sicherheitsmechanismen stellen eine inakzeptable Gefährdung
dar.
Nullsubjekte im Mittelniederdeutschen
Authors: Farasyn Melissa , Breitbarth Anne
Published: November 2016

In spite of growing interest in recent years, the syntax of Middle Low German (MLG) remains an extremely underresearched area. In light of recent research showing early North West Germanic languages to be partial null subject languages (Axel 2005; Walkden 2014; Kinn 2016; Volodina/Weiß 2016), the question arises where MLG is positioned in this respect. The present article presents novel data showing that MLG had referential null subjects (RNS) and can be classified as a partial null subject language. Based on a quantitative and qualitative corpus analysis of their syntactic distribution, we argue that two types of RNS must be distinguished in MLG, null topics in SpecCP and null clitics on C.
Gefühle gestalten
Authors: Schnell Rüdiger
Published: November 2016

The emotions of novel characters are first of all linguistic artworks. The establishing of these pieces of art is an aesthetic process that must be subordinated to the overall concept of a novel. This concept doesn’t evolve from the represented emotions (histoire), but rather from the representation of emotions (discours). That’s why the telling of emotions constitutes the primary object of the present study. In order to achieve certain effects, this telling of emotions makes use of narrative techniques, rhetorical devices, linguistic peculiarities, moral norms and receptive-aesthetic strategies. The functions of the representations of emotions prevent the presented emotions from being considered as reflections of commonplace emotions or from being offset against emotional theoretical positions. How­ever, the literary findings turn out – at least partially – as compatible with cultural studies.
Is N,N-dimethylglycine N-oxide a choline and betaine metabolite?
Authors: Lever Michael , McEntyre Christopher J. , George Peter M. , Chambers Stephen T.
Published: November 2016

Choline metabolism is by oxidation to betaine, which is demethylated toN,N-dimethylglycine; dimethylglycine is oxidatively demethylated to sarcosine. This pathway is important for osmoregulation and as a source of methyl groups. We asked whether another metabolite was involved. We synthesized theN-oxide of dimethylglycine (DMGO) by oxidizing dimethylglycine with peracetic acid, and measured DMGO in human plasma and urine by HPLC-MS/MS with positive ion detection, using two chromatography procedures, based on ion exchange and HILIC separations. The molecular ion DMGOH+(m/z=120) yielded four significant fragments (m/z=103, 102, 58 and 42). The suspected DMGO peak in human body fluids showed all these fragments, and co-chromatographed with added standard DMGO in both HPLC systems. Typical plasma concentrations of DMGO are under 1 μmol/l. They may be lower in metabolic syndrome patients. Urine concentrations are higher, and DMGO has a higher fractional clearance than dimethylglycine, betaine and choline. It was present in all of over 80 human urine and plasma samples assayed. Plasma DMGO concentrations correlate with plasma DMG concentrations, with betaine and choline concentrations, with the osmolytemyo-inositol, and strongly with urinary DMGO excretion. We conclude that DMGO is probably a normal human metabolite.
Characteristics of Ring-to-Cylinder Type Electrode System on Pulsed Discharge in Water
Authors: Sugiarto Anto Tri , Sato Masayuki , Ohshima Takayuki , Skalny Jan D.
Published: November 2016

The pulsed streamer corona discharge in water has been investigated for oxidation of organic contaminants in water solution. The reactor with ring-to-cylinder electrode system has been designed and tested in this investigation. It was found that the insulation method of the ring electrode was the most important factor to lower streamer initiation voltage. A large volume of streamer corona discharge was generated around the ring electrode and the streamer corona discharge formations are greatly dependent on the electrode geometry, polarity and the water conductivity. The degradation of phenol was also tested by this electrode system. It was found that the degradation rate of phenol was higher for the positive pulse than that of negative pulse, and the intermediate products were removed when the treatment time increased.
A Comparison of the Activity of Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts for the Oxidation of Ethanol in Air
Authors: López José Ernesto Ortiz , Jacoby William A.
Published: November 2016

The complete photocatalytic oxidation of ethanol vapor in air was examined using a variety of commercially available and experimental photocatalysts. The experiments were conducted in a recirculating batch reactor equipped with a porous frit for support of the powdered photocatalysts. The maximum carbon dioxide production rate was measured as a function catalyst loading. One commercial sample marginally exceeded the performance of the “gold-standard” photocatalyst, Degussa P-25. Overall, significant improvements in photocatalytic activity relative to Degussa P-25 were not observed among the catalysts considered.
Destruction of Isotopically Enriched Nitric Oxide, 15N18O, in Air in Corona Discharge: Direct Observation of NOx Reduction to Molecular Nitrogen
Authors: Krishtopa Larisa G. , Krasnoperov Lev N.
Published: November 2016

Destruction of isotopicaliy enriched nitric oxide (
The Effects of Using Various Types of Pulsed Discharge Reactors for Phenol Removal in Waste Water
Authors: Kunitomo Shinta , Ohbo Tadashi , Sun Bing
Published: November 2016

In this investigation, the pulsed discharge characteristics in water and the phenol-degradation properties of three different types of reactors, which had rod-rod, rod-plate and wire-cylinder format, were studied. Among the three types of reactors, it was found that the phenol removal efficiency was highest for the wirecylinder reactor configuration. In addition, the influence of pulse energy for removal efficiency was investigated. The removal efficiency at 180 kV-72 J discharged is higher than at 180 kV-960 J discharged. Furthermore, the effect of hydrogen peroxide on phenol removal efficiency was also studied under conditions of 120 kV-72 J, and it was found that the phenol degradation rate was higher when hydrogen peroxide was used.
Photocatalysed Degradation of a Herbicide Derivative, Diphenamid in Aqueous Suspension of Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Rahman M. Atiqur , Muneer M. , Hahnemann D.
Published: November 2016

The photocatalysed degradation of a herbicide derivative, N,N-Dimethyl-α-phenyl benzene-acetamide (Diphenamid, 1) has been investigated in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide (TiO
Two-Stage Plasma-Catalysis for Diesel NOx Emission Control
Authors: Hoard John W. , Tonkynl Russell G.
Published: November 2016

Plasma discharges in diesel simulated exhaust gas oxidize NO primarily to NO
Selected Design Criteria for Ozone Production
Authors: Polio Iwo
Published: November 2016

Ozone properties that cause a growing interest in its applications have been presented. A short analysis of ozone synthesis in electrical barrier discharges gives some suggestions concerning designs of ozonizers and power supply systems. The presented macrokinetic models make possible to calculate ozone concentration as well as ozone yield and productivity of an ozonizer. All the used formulas contain experimental constants depending on parameters that have not been taken a into account in any previously elaborated theory on ozone synthesis or operation of ozonizers. However, research into ozone synthesis and production continuously develops because of the growing demand for that oxidizer.
Microwave Torch Plasmas for Decomposition of Gaseous Pollutants
Authors: Jasiński Mariusz , Mizeraczyk Jerzy , Zakrzewski Zenon
Published: November 2016

Results of the study of decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs including Freons) in their mixtures with either synthetic air or nitrogen, and nitrogen oxides NOx in their mixtures with N2 or Ar in low (~ 100 W) and moderate-power (200-400 W) microwave torch plasmas at atmospheric pressure are presented. Three types of microwave torch discharge (MTD) generators, i.e. the low-power coaxial-line-based MID, the moderate-power waveguide-based coaxial-line MTD and the moderate-power waveguide-based MTD generators were used. The gas flow rate and microwave power (2.45 GHz) delivered to the discharge were in the range of 1÷3 l/min and 100÷ 400 W, respectively. Concentrations of the processed gaseous pollutants usually were from several up to several tens percent. The energy efficiency of decomposition of several gaseous pollutants reached 1000 g/kWh. It was found that the microwave torch plasmas fully decomposed the pollutants at relatively low energy cost. This suggests that the MTD plasma can be a useful tool for decomposition of highly-concentrated gaseous pollutants.
Pulsed Electric Fields in Liquid Foods Processing Plasma Destruction of Toxic Chloroorganic Wastes Towards Zero Residues
Authors: Mazurek Bolestaw , Laskowski Slawomir , Staroniewicz Zdzislaw
Published: November 2016

The pulses of strong electric fields can be successfully used for sterilization of liquid fluids and water conditioning. Direct influence of an electric field can deactivate bacteria cells by means of electroporation. The process of wire explosion in water evoked by steep current pulses can be applied for the obtaining of metallic nano-colloids. A nano-colloid of silver shows a strong bactericidal property. Electrons from corona discharge plasma injected into water can be used for deactivation of hydrocarbon impurities in water.
Experimental Investigation on Activating Water Vapor and Ammonia by DC Corona Discharge Radical Shower Technology for Removal of SO2 from Flue Gases
Authors: Jie Li , Ming Sun , Yan Wu , Ke-feng Shang , Ning-hui Wang , Guo-feng Li
Published: November 2016

In a reactor with nozzle-plate electrode structure, we used a DC high-voltage generator to produce corona electric field between nozzles and plate electrode. When water vapor and ammonia were injected from nozzles, they were activated to produce hydroxyl and ammonia radicals to oxidize SO
Photocatalysed Degradation of a Herbicide Derivative, Maleic Hydrazide in Aqueous Suspensions of TiO2
Authors: Singh Hemant K. , Muneer Mohammad , Bahnemann Detlef W.
Published: November 2016

The photocatalytic degradation of a herbicide derivative maleic hydrazide [1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione, 1], has been investigated in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide (TiO
Decomposition of Gas-Phase Benzene Using Plasma – Driven Catalyst Reactor: Complete Oxidation of Adsorbed Benzene Using Oxygen Plasma
Authors: Kim Hyun-Ha , Oh Seung-Min , Ogata Atsushi , Futamura Shigeru
Published: November 2016

In this work, we report the decomposition of gas-phase benzene using plasma-driven catalyst (PDC) system of a single-stage configuration. The decomposition of benzene was affected by the reactor diameter of the surface discharge type PDC reactor. The smaller the reactor diameter, the higher the decomposition efficiency. Long-term test over 150 h demonstrated the stable operation of the PDC reactor without any deterioration of catalytic activity. The PDC reactor with Ag/TiO
TiO2/C Photocatalyst Prepared by Ethanol Vapour Treatment of TiO(OH)2
Authors: Janus Magdalena , Inagaki Michio , Tryba Beata , Toyoda Masahiro , Morawski Antoni W.
Published: November 2016

The new photocatalysts were prepared from the commercial metatitanic acid (TiO(OH)
Hybrid Plasma-Catalyst System for the Removal of Trichloroethylene in Air
Authors: Morent R. , Dewulf J. , Steenhaut N. , Leys C. , Van Langenhove H.
Published: November 2016

Non-thermal plasmas are innovative and promising tools with respect to end-of-pipe treatment of waste gases. Among other features, they allow decomposition of low concentrations of volatile organic compounds in air streams at atmospheric pressure. In this paper, a plasma-catalytic hybrid system for the removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) in dry air is discussed. A pin-to-mesh electrode concept is used to obtain a positive corona discharge. A packed bed of TiO
Photocatalytic Degradation of four Textile Azo Dyes in Aqueous TiO2 Suspensions: Practical Outcomes and Revisited Pathways
Authors: Zayani Ghanem , Bousselmi Latifa , Pichat Pierre , Mhenni Farouk , Ghrabi Ahmed
Published: November 2016

The non-biodegradability of textile wastewaters is mainly due to the presence of synthetic dyes. We have studied the photocatalytic degradation of four commercial (i.e. containing additives) azo dyes (viz. Yellow Cibacron FN-2R, Red Cibacron FN-R, Navy Erionyl R 180%, Everdirect Black VSF) in aqueous suspensions of TiO
Hexavalent Chromium Remediation by Bore-Hole Placed Reduction Barriers and Monitored Natural Attenuation
Authors: Rouse Jim V. , Thomasser Richard M. , Terentieff Cathleen A. , Hall Lisa A.
Published: November 2016

Previously, the authors have developed the concept of in-situ reduction of hexavalent chromium in contaminated groundwater, using various forms of active reagent delivery, based on site geohydrological conditions. While these approaches are highly successful and cost effective, in some cases, such active approaches may not be appropriate. Rather, it may be appropriate to limit the spread of chromium contamination by formation of permeable reactive barriers or reactive zones through the borehole placement of aqueous reductants. A passive approach, utilizing bore-hole placed reactive barriers and Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA), offers real advantages for groundwater remediation, especially in situations involving groundwater in fractured or cavernous bedrock, where the water table is at great depth, or where on-going activities in the source area limit access for more active approaches. A geochemical reactive barrier was used at a South Australian timber preservation facility sited over a cavernous limestone. After remedial activities within the plume achieved significant reduction of the mobile chromium mass, the applicable regulatory agency authorized MNA for control of residual contamination. A phased approach has been utilized at a Central Valley, California timber preservation site, to develop data on the radial spread of reductant injection through diffusion, and the longevity of the effect of such injection, and a full-scale remedial approach designed, recognizing limitations on injection imposed by limited access. The paper discusses the requirements to demonstrate the effectiveness of MNA. Case histories of successful application of the integrated approach of passive reduction and MNA are presented, as a cost-effective and environmentally-protective means of accomplishing remediation of hexavalent chromium in groundwater.
Arc Plasma Reactor Power System with 5-Limb Transformer
Authors: Komarzyniec Grzegorz , Diatczyk Jarosław , Stryczewska Henryka Danuta
Published: November 2016

The arc plasma reactors are especially suitable for treatment of big volumes of exhaust gases emitted to the atmosphere during various technological processes. They can operate at three-phase power system and can be connected in series or in parallel to the gas flow. Their proper operation require power supply systems that should ionize the inter-electrode zone and maintain the cyclic and non-equilibrium operation of the arc discharge after ignition while presenting stable and reliable operation. Transformers of special construction are the basic elements of all of arc discharge plasma reactors power systems. Paper presents results of investigation of 5-limb transformer as a power supply for the arc plasma reactor. The possibility to take advantage of the voltage induced in the yokes of this kind of transformer for ignition of the discharge is also discussed.
Investigation of Hot Gas Mixture Free Jet
Authors: Gregor J. , Jakubová I. , Mendl T. , Šenk J.
Published: November 2016

The analysis of individual species of a hot gas mixture in a free jet distribution, is based on the vector form of the continuity equation, including the diffusion member, and on the momentum equation. The measured distributions of temperature and axial velocity in cross-sections of the free jet, together with thermodynamic and transport properties of working gas are used in a designed process of calculation. By means of approximation of temperature and velocity radial profiles by Gaussian functions, the two-dimensional problem is transformed into the one-dimensional task. The designed method is applied on the cold region of the jet generated by a hybrid water stabilised plasma torch with argon gas added into the chamber. In this cold region (T<2500 K), rather precise measurement of temperature and velocity can be carried out using rather simple methods (thermocouples, cooled Pitot tube). By the derived mathematical-physical model, the distribution of mass fractions of individual species of the working gas mixture is computed, and the influence of velocity component and turbulence on this distribution is studied. During the calculation, axial dependencies of crosssection, axial velocity, and the turbulence coefficient in the free jet are obtained.
Influence of Silicon, Oxygen and Nitrogen Admixtures Upon the Properties of Plasma Deposited Amorphous Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings
Authors: Buršíková Vilma , Zajíčková Lenka , Dvořák Pavel , Valtr Miroslav , Buršík Jiří , Bláhová Olga , Peřina Vratislav , Janča Jan
Published: November 2016

Amorphous diamond-like carbon films (DLC) with various silicon, oxygen and nitrogen content were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. The films were prepared from the mixture of methane and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) in r.f. capacitively coupled discharges (13.56 MHz). The reactive plasma was investigated by optical emission spectroscopy and capacitive coupled planar probe. A combination of RBS, ERDA, FTIR and XPS methods was used to study the films’ chemical composition and structure. The mechanical properties were studied using a depth sensing indentation technique. The films were mainly composed of C-C, C-H and C-Si bonds. The optimum deposition conditions for the preparation of DLC films, with enhanced thermo-mechanical stability, were determined.
Thin Films Deposited from Trimethylmethoxysilane
Authors: Rżanek-Boroch Zenobia , Jóźwik Krzysztof
Published: November 2016

The deposition and characterization of thin films of silicon oxide in Dielectric Barrier Discharge at atmospheric pressure from trimethylmethoxysilane as the precursor was carried out.
Photocatalytic Decomposition of Formaldehyde Using Titania Coated Lime Tile
Authors: Liu Chaoxiang , Nakano Katsuyuki , Obuchi Eiko , Oike Tetsuro , Yukihira Nobuyoshi , Hurum Deanna C. , Gray Kimberly A.
Published: November 2016

A traditional and popular Japanese house decorating lime tile, commercially available “Limix”, was used to photodecompose the formaldehyde after coating the tile with a titania sol, which solves the problem of sick-building syndrome. A total of five kinds of lime tile samples with titania sol coating and without coating were examined by using a flow-type photoreactor based on the JIS standard to test their photocatalytic activities. The photocatalytic mechanism in the coated lime tile was also analyzed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR). The results show that a high removal efficiency of formaldehyde was achieved when using the lime tile combined with commercially available zeolite compared to the lime tile immobilized titania photocatalyst. The EPR spectrum indicates that oxygen centered radicals and surface trapped holes are present in the titania sol, but it is much different from the spectrum observed in the pure anatase and Degussa P25 titania. It means that there are different characteristics among these systems on the photocatalysis mechanism.
Photocatalytic Reductive Destruction of Azo Dyes by Polyoxometalates
Authors: Troupis A. , Gkika E. , Hiskia A. , Papaconstantinou E.
Published: November 2016

Τhe polyoxometalate anions (POM) PW
Photocatalytic Activity in Zn2TiO4 + ZnO Thin Films Obtained by the Sol-gel Process
Authors: Mayén-Hernández Sandra Andrea , Torres-Delgado Gerardo , Castanedo-Pérez Rebeca , Mendoza-Alvarez Julio Gregorio , Zelaya-Angel Orlando
Published: November 2016

The photocatalytic activity of Zn
TiO2-Based Materials for Toluene Photocalytic Oxidation: Water Vapor Influence
Authors: Stavrakakis Christophe , Raillard Cécile , Héquet Valérie , Cloirec Pierre Le
Published: November 2016

Two photoactive TiO
Photocatalysis: A Powerful Technology for Cold Storage Applications
Authors: Kartheuser B. , Boonaert C.
Published: November 2016

Most fruits and vegetables have to be stored in cold and controlled atmospheres. Vegetables and climacteric fruits are very sensitive to the presence of ethylene gas, which acts as a ripening hormone and plays a regulatory role in many plant metabolic processes. Produce and flowers display ethylene receptors at their surface. Their actuation promotes ethylene production by the fruit itself, accelerating its ripening and aging. One way to moderate ethylene production is to slow down the metabolism by keeping the produce in a controlled atmosphere (2% oxygen, 2-5% carbon dioxide, 93-96% nitrogen). In this study, the control of ethylene concentration is performed in ambient air by using a photocatalytic converter, which mineralises ethylene into water and carbon dioxide. This device appears, therefore, as a flexible and inexpensive alternative to the catalytic converter for small producers.
Biodegradation of Photo-Fenton Pre-Treated Solutions of Sulfamethoxazole by Aerobic Communities. Molecular Biology Techniques Applied to the Determination of Existing Strains
Authors: González Oscar , Esplugas Marc , Sans Carme , Esplugas Santiago
Published: November 2016

This work is focused in the combination of a photo-Fenton process and biological treatments in different devices for the degradation of a 200 mg.L
Comparison of Photo-Fenton Treatment and Coupled Photo-Fenton and Biological Treatment for Detoxification of Pharmaceutical Industry Contaminants
Authors: Zapata Ana , Oller Isabel , Gallay Raphael , Pulgarín César , Maldonado Manuel Ignacio , Malato Sixto , Gernjak Wolfgang
Published: November 2016

This paper compares the feasibility of two different treatment approaches, chemical oxidative treatment by the solar photo-Fenton method and a combined approach applying the solar photo-Fenton method as a pre-treatment for aerobic biological wastewater treatment. The targets are two biorecalcitrant substances used as synthesis intermediates in the pharmaceutical industry, 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethanol (CAS 84682-23-5) (DIDM) and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)- 1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethanol (CAS 67914-85-6) (DTDM). Solar photo-Fenton treatment was performed in Compound Parabolic Collector pilot-plants, and biological treatment in an immobilized biomass reactor pilot-plant. Analytical determinations included the measurement of dissolved organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, inorganic compounds (chloride, ammonium, nitrate), formed during degradation, acute toxicity tests applying Vibrio Fischeri luminescence bacteria and the Zahn-Wellens biodegradability test. The synthetic wastewater contained 200 mg/L of each compound, an initial DOC of 200 mg/l and an initial COD of 700 mg/L. The target compounds proved to be susceptible to complete degradation and partial mineralization (95%) by photo-Fenton. Total elimination of both substances occurred after 74 minutes of illumination and required the consumption of 27.5 mM of hydrogen peroxide. Nevertheless, acute toxicity persisted practically to the end of the treatment, and biodegradability could only be slightly enhanced, never rendering the wastewater completely biodegradable at any stage of the chemical oxidative treatment. By Zahn-Wellens test DIDM and DTDM proved to be non-biodegradable and only samples pre-treated by photo-Fenton until achieving a DOC below 98 mg/L showed a significant degree of biodegradability (60% after 11 days of biotreatment). This particular behaviour contrasts with other substances that have been tested before and may be related to the refractory nature of the imidazole and triazole moieties in the molecular structure of DIDM and DTDM.
Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Dyes in Aqueous TiO2 Suspensions: Kinetics and Toxicity
Authors: Bergamini Raphael B. M. , Dezotti Márcia , Araújo Lúcia R. Raddi de , Azevedo Eduardo B.
Published: November 2016

This work assesses the photocatalytic (TiO
Re-Utilization of Exhaustion Baths in Cotton-Dyeing Processes After Solar-Based Photo-Oxidative Treatments
Authors: Pey J. , Amat A. M. , Arques A. , Santos-Juanes L.
Published: November 2016

Solar-driven photo-oxidative treatments (titanium dioxide and photo-Fenton) have been employed to remediate real effluents from cotton-dyeing processes. Exhaustion baths containing reactive dyes with azo chromophores (Reactive Red 110) have been successfully treated by TiO
Toxicity Assessment and Degradation of Disperse Azo Dyes by Photoelectrocatalytic Oxidation on Ti/TiO2 Nanotubular Array Electrodes
Authors: Osugi M. E. , Zanoni M. V. B. , Chenthamarakshan C. R. , Tacconi N. R. de , Woldemariam G. A. , Mandal S. S. , Rajeshwar K.
Published: November 2016

The feasibility of photobleaching and detoxification of three disperse azo dyes, namely, Disperse Orange 1, Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Red 13, in 0.1 mol L
Photolytic and Photocatalytic Diminution and Preliminary Genotoxicity Studies of 2-Chloropyridine
Authors: Stapleton David R. , Vlastos Dimitris , Skoutelis Charalambos G. , Papadaki Maria I.
Published: November 2016

The destruction of 2-chloropyridine (2-CPY) was studied by means of ultraviolet irradiation at 254 nm. Photolytic and photocatalytic experiments were conducted on 2-CPY aqueous solutions in a batch reactor with internal recycle in laminar flow and under agitation at 323 K at solution ambient pH and at controlled pH conditions, with use and in the absence of radical scavenger. Solution volume was in the range of 0.25-0.55 L and initial substrate concentrations were in the range of 2.6-4.45 mmol L
A Quantum Mechanical Approach to TiO2 Photocatalysis
Authors: Kılıç Murat , Çınar Zekiye
Published: November 2016

Quantum mechanical techniques play a very important role in TiO
Titanium Dioxide onto Polyethylene for Water Decontamination
Authors: Ponce Silvia , Carpio Edward , Venero Jackeline , Estrada Walter , Rodríguez Juan , Reche Cecilia , Candal Roberto J.
Published: November 2016

TiO
Effects of Inorganic Anions and Humic Acid on the Photocatalytic and Ozone Oxidation of Oxytetracycline in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yalap Keziban Seven , Balcioglu Isil Akmehmet
Published: November 2016

Oxytetracycline (OTC), a widely used tetracycline group antibiotic, was treated by TiO
Phenolic Acids Ozonation: QSAR Analysis and pH Influence on the Selectivity of Ozone
Authors: Domínguez Joaquín R. , Peres José A. , Beltran-Heredia Jesús
Published: November 2016

Ozone reacts selectively with ortho-, meta- and para- substituted phenolic acids in aqueous solution. Analysis of second-order rate constants for correlations reveals quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). The kinetic rate constants for oxidation of these phenolic acids were correlated to Hammett-substituent-electronic constant. The values of Hammett parameter ρ varying between -2.9 and -0.3 were found for different pH conditions. The pH influence on this parameter reveals the expected change in the ozonation mechanism due to the decomposition of ozone generating hydroxyl radicals. Contrarily, hydroxyl radicals are non-selective and the substituent-electronic effects are small. This Hammett’s study reflects the progressive change in the selectivity of the oxidation system when the pH increases from 2 up to 9.
The Application of Photocatalytic Oxidation in Removing Pentachlorophenol from Contaminated Water
Authors: Ho D. P. , Senthilnanthan M. , Mohammad J. A. , Vigneswaran S. , Ngo H. H. , Mahinthakumar G. , Kandasamy J.
Published: November 2016

The degradation of sodiumsalt of pentachlorophenol (PCPS) by photocatalysis with titaniumdioxide (TiO
Investigation of Electric Discharge Sound in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
Authors: Nakamiya Toshiyuki , Mitsugi Fumiaki , Suyama Shota , Ikegami Tomoaki , Sonoda Yoshito , Iwasaki Yoichiro , Tsuda Ryoichi
Published: November 2016

The characteristics of the Coplanar DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharge) operated in air, argon or helium are investigated. Applied voltage, current and the electrical discharge sound of Coplanar DBD discharge are measured, and examined the fundamental relationship between the micro discharge and the acoustic properties. We expect that the understanding of acoustic properties gives more details of electric discharges and also develops new applications in the field of medical diagnostics, environment system, etc. We apply the new method to examine the electric discharge sound using Fraunhofer diffraction effect of visible laser beam. This new system is called the optical wave microphone by us and is very useful for the detection of sound wave without disturbing the sound field. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is applied to discriminate the acoustic sound of the Coplanar DBD discharge and the dominant frequency components.
Synthesis, Characterization and Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity of La2O3/SnO2 Nanocomposite
Authors: Xia Huili , Lu Ting , Zhou Yuan , He Jianguo
Published: November 2016

A novel visible-light-activated La
Using Water Hydrogen Instead of Reducing Gas in the Production of Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)
Authors: Ahmad Jaleel K.
Published: November 2016

Oil rich countries are using natural gas as a source for reducing gas (H
Hydrothermal Preparation and Comparative Study of Halogen-doping TiO2 Photocatalysts
Authors: Peichang Deng , Jiezhen Hu , Haizeng Wang , Baowei Sun
Published: November 2016

A comparative study was carried out on TiO
Degradation of Textile Dyes, Dyebaths and Dyeing Wastewater by Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Sonophotolysis
Authors: Eren Zeynep , Ince Nilsun H. , Acar Filiz Nuran
Published: November 2016

The degradability of an azo dye (C.I. Acid Black 2), synthetic and real dyebaths, and actual textile dyeing wastewater were investigated using a homogeneous and heterogeneous Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in combination with power ultrasound (US). The components of the homogeneous process were US, short wave UV-C and ferrous ions, and those of the heterogeneous were US, short wave UV-C, ZnO and H
Effects of Surface Modification on the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2
Authors: Dozzi Maria Vittoria , Chiarello Gian Luca , Selli Elena
Published: November 2016

The photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide modified by surface fluorination (F-TiO
Photocatalytic Reduction of Organic Compounds
Authors: Valenzuela Miguel A. , Albiter Elim , Ríos-Bernÿ Omar , Córdova Iván , Flores Sergio O.
Published: November 2016

Organic synthesis through semiconductor photocatalysis has become an important research area in photochemistry in the last two decades. Significant examples of organic transformations employed for synthetic purposes are oxidation and reduction reactions, isomerization reactions, C-H bond activations and C-C and C-N bond forming reactions. In this review, the use of irradiated semiconductors and different operation conditions in the reduction of organic compounds is surveyed. Here, the photocatalytic reduction of nitroarenes, aldehydes, ketones and miscellaneous compounds will be discussed. This review is concluded with some perspectives of our group on the directions toward which future research may be aimed.
Electrochemical Treatment of Segregated Effluents from the D-Stage in ECF Kraft Cellulose Bleaching
Authors: Zaror Claudio A. , Salazar Claudio , Araneda Esteban A. , Mondaca María A. , Mansilla Héctor D. , Peña Carlos
Published: November 2016

Experimental results of electrochemical treatment of acid filtrate effluents from the first ClO
Investigation of Electric Discharge Sound in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Using Optical Wave Microphone
Authors: Nakamiya Toshiyuki , Iwasaki Yoichiro , Mitsugi Fumiaki , Kozai Ryosuke , Ikegami Tomoaki , Sonoda Yoshito , Tsuda Ryoichi
Published: November 2016

The light diffraction technique, which we call the “Optical Wave Microphone (OWM)” technique, is an effective sensing method to detect the sound and is flexible for practical uses as it involves only a simple optical lens system. This technique is also very useful to detect the sound wave without disturbing the sound field. Moreover, OWM can be used for sound field visualization by computerized tomography (CT) because the ultrasmall modulation by the sound field is integrated along the laser beam path. The characteristics of the coplanar DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharge) operated in air is investigated. Applied voltage, current and the electrical discharge sound of coplanar DBD are measured, and examined the relationship between the micro discharge and the acoustic properties. We expect that understanding of acoustic properties gives more details of electric discharges. These are the first experiments to verify the feasibility of the OWM-CT method for the visualization of the sound field of DBD discharge.
Photocatalytic Inactivation of Escherichia coli with LbL Fabricated Immobilized TiO2 Thin Films
Authors: Sontakke Sharad , Modak Jayant , Madras Giridhar
Published: November 2016

Photocatalysis using semiconductor catalyst such as TiO