bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A General Model to Optimise Copper(II) Labelling Efficiency of Double-Histidine Motifs for Pulse Dipolar EPR Applications
Authors: Wort Joshua L. , Ackermann Katrin , Norman David G. , Bode Bela E.
Published: January 2021

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) distance measurements are making increasingly important contributions to studies of biomolecules underpinning health and disease by providing highly accurate and precise geometric constraints. Combining double-histidine (dH) motifs with CuII spin labels shows promise for further increasing the precision of distance measurements, and for investigating subtle conformational changes. However, non-covalent coordination-based spin labelling is vulnerable to low binding affinity. Dissociation constants of dH motifs for CuII-nitrilotriacetic acid were previously investigated via relaxation induced dipolar modulation enhancement (RIDME), and demonstrated the feasibility of exploiting the double histidine motif for EPR applications at sub-μM protein concentrations. Herein, the feasibility of using modulation depth quantitation in CuII-CuII RIDME to simultaneously estimate a pair of non-identical independent KD values in such a tetra-histidine model protein is addressed. Furthermore, we develop a general speciation model to optimise CuII labelling efficiency, in dependence of pairs of identical or disparate KD values and total CuII label concentration. We find the dissociation constant estimates are in excellent agreement with previously determined values, and empirical modulation depths support the proposed model.
Preparation of AlB12 Powder by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS)
Authors: Wang Chao , Cao Xiaoming , Dong Mengge , Zhang Lu , Liu Jianxing , Cao Xiaozhou , Xue Xiangxin
Published: January 2021

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) process is used to prepare AlB12. The phase analysis results of preparing AlB12 with Al and B2O3 as raw materials show that: under air and argon conditions, the self-propagating and acid-washed self-propagating powders all have α-Al2O3 impurities; Mg, Al and B2O3 are used as raw materials. The phase analysis results of the preparation of AlB12 show that under argon conditions, the self-propagating and acid-washed self-propagating powder has unremovable MgAl2O4 impurities; the root cause of the low purity of AlB12 prepared by the self-propagating method is that there are unremovable impurities exist.
Determining Excited-State Structures and Photophysical Properties in Phenylphosphine Rhenium(I) Diimine Biscarbonyl Complexes Using Time-Resolved Infrared and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopies
Authors: Shimoda Yuushi , Miyata Kiyoshi , Funaki Masataka , Morimoto Tatsuki , Nozawa Shunsuke , Adachi Shin-ichi , Ishitani Osamu , Onda Ken
Published: January 2021

We have explored the structural factors on the photophysical properties in two rhenium(I) diimine complexes in acetonitrile solution, cis,trans-[Re(dmb)(CO)2(PPh2Et)2]+ (Et(2,2)) and cis,trans-[Re(dmb)(CO)2(PPh3)2]+ ((3,3)) (dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, Ph = phenyl, Et = ethyl) using the combination method of time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, time-resolved extended X-ray absorption fine structure, and quantum chemical calculations. The difference between these complexes is the number of phenyl groups in the phosphine ligand, and this only indirectly affects the central Re(I). Despite this minor difference, the complexes exhibit large differences in emission wavelength and excited-state lifetime. Upon photoexcitation, the bond length of Re-P and angle of P-Re-P are significantly changed in both complexes, while the phenyl groups are largely rotated by ~20º only in (3,3). We concluded that the instability from steric effects of phenyl groups and diimine leads to the smaller Stokes shift of the lowest excited triplet state (T1) in (3,3). The large structural change between the ground and excited states causes the longer lifetime of T1 in (3,3).
Review on Effects of Conventional Physiotherapy in Muscle Strength using Meta-Analytic Critical Conventional Physiotherapy Method
Authors: Jyotshna  , Srimannarayana  , Thulasi Raman D  , Sankaralingam P
Published: January 2021

This examination expected to efficiently survey distributed exploration written works to distinguish and assess the viability of Conventional Physiotherapy (CP) training on progress in muscle quality in moderately aged and old female people analyzed as having Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Different information bases having articles distributed somewhere in the range of 2000 and 2016, for example, - PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, CINAHL, &Ebscohost are deliberately looked for articles identified with knee OA. Just unmistakable, meta-systematic and interventional investigation articles are held. Generally, impact size with 95% “confidence intervals (CIs)” is utilized to survey the quality of connection among intercessions and development in muscle quality between old OA of knee patients, by utilizing an arbitrary impacts model. Heterogeneity was likewise assessed. Nine exploratory investigations were chosen and remembered for the audit, out of 4 are randomized controlled preliminaries & remaining are pseudo-randomized controlled preliminaries. The surveys deliberating drug co-mediations are prohibited. Normalized impact sizes with 95% CIs are determined from pre-mediation and post-intercession methods for CP preparing gathering and other mediation or no-mediation gathering. Accordingly, the valuable effect of CP preparing in developing muscle-quality in OA patients didn't get affirmed. This discovery suggests that next investigations following thorough approach are needed to infer complete proof to affirm the gainful impacts of CP preparing on progress in muscle quality between old patients experiencing OA of the knee.
Pap’s Image Analysis and Development on Cervical Cancer Screening Process
Authors: Raju PSN  , Srikanth Reddy Kamireddy  , Lokeshwari V  , Eswari V
Published: January 2021

In around the globe, harmful cervical development is 2nd main sickness impacted by a woman. Cervical harmful development is the critical purpose of women's death. Inferable from cervix harmful development, transcendent of passing interminably is happening in less defoliated districts of the world. The basic objective of this manuscript, to handle strategic distance from and fix the cervical threat using PST. At whatever point found at hidden phases, in this sort of illness might be completely diminished. At the starting time, the Pap smear test (PST) is a fundamental imparted system for distinguishing harmful cervical development. This manuscript provides a review of cervical harmful development and assessment of the unmistakable frameworks. Fitting methodologies have been utilized to orchestrate the smear picture as ordinary/bizarre using the apparent goals. Such recuperation utilized to find PS cells and takes the most ideal treatment by then decrease dangerous cervical development. This issue closeness thick to get to precise treatment, screening, and continuation organizations.
Investigation and Motivation of Impact of Motor Dual Task Training on Post Stroke Patients
Authors: Anil Kumar I  , Sudhakar M  , Aqib M  , Lalitha R
Published: January 2021

The motivation of investigation was to discover the impact of motor dual task training (MDTT) vs single task training (STT) on useful parity in post stroke patients. Thirty first beginning of one-sided ischemic “Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)” domain stroke patients are haphazardly designated into 2 gatherings the STT gathering (n=15) got single task strengthening and balance practices and MDTT (n=11) got strengthening &balance practice alongside an optional engine task. Intercession is provided 45 minutes for every session, once in a day, 5 days of week for about fourteen days. The parity was dissected utilizing Berg Balance Scale (BBS).In 2 groups, balance expressively enhanced in BBS. Compared with STT group; MDTT group reached much statistically important development. The MDTT exercises efficiently promote balance initial in stroke patients. How parity is influenced relies upon a few variables, comprising the degree of sensory system harm, the number and degree of tactile misfortunes, and the accessibility of different faculties for pay. In numerous occurrences, greater than one tactile framework is hindered.
Establishment of Recommended TB Suspected Cases from Hospital system to TB Dispensary
Authors: Ganga Raju G  , Subbarao K  , Naveen P  , Ramakrishnan V
Published: January 2021

2000 NPS appeared; just 12% of common Tuberculosis (TB) cases discovered were analyzed at TB dispensaries, whereas community health suppliers analyzed 88% of them. Unfortunately, just 13% of pervasive cases determined to have TB by community health care suppliers were named to TB dispensaries. To build a case recognition rate through fortified reference arrangement of TB cases and suspects from the medical clinic framework to TB dispensary. Through this venture, a component of the reference framework has been created; it is accessible and maintainable, particularly in poor and remote region. The TB is spread from one individual to next through the air while people who have dynamic TB in their spit, lungs hack, speak, or sneeze. The people with dormant TB don't spread sickness. The dynamic contamination occurs regularly in individuals with HIV/AIDS and individuals who smoke. Analysis of dynamic TB relied on chest X-beams, microscopic assessment and body liquids culture. The latent TB analysis relied on “tuberculin skin test (TST)” or blood tests. The TB usually affects the lungs, and nevertheless might affect diverse parts of the body. The most contamination display no manifestations; where case it is recognized as inert tuberculosis. Those at high danger incorporate workplace, household, and social contacts of individuals with dynamic TB. The treatment needs the usage of numerous antimicrobial over an extensive stretch of time.
The periodontal status of mandibular incisors in patients with angle’s class II malocclusion treated with orthodontic therapy or orthognathic surgery with orthodontic therapy: A single centered retrospective study
Authors: Siddharth Narayan  , Nashra Kareem  , Arvina Rajasekar
Published: January 2021

Malocclusion is any deviation from physiologically acceptable contact between opposing dental arches. Occlusal trauma is a term used to describe injury resulting in tissue change within the attachment apparatus which may occur in a healthy or reduced periodontium. Clinically one of the tests to assess trauma from occlusion is the fremitus test with confirmatory test for trauma from occlusions such as histological evaluation of a block section biopsy or modern aids like T-scan. Considering these findings Angles Class II molar relation with or without skeletal Class II relation has great influence in underlying peridium. The present study was aimed at correlating the relation between angles class II malocclusion treated with orthodontic therapy alone or combined with orthognathic surgery and the periodontal status of mandibular incisors. The study was a single centered retrospective university design, using patient records for the comparison of the entire patient outflow of a dental college in Chennai from 1st June 2019 till 1st March 2020. The included patients were individuals with angles class II malocclusion treated by orthodontic therapy alone or combined with orthognathic surgery.  In this study, we observed that the periodontal status of mandibular incisors was mostly healthy with the incidence of gingivitis associated at a higher tendency in patients treated by fixed orthodontic appliance therapy along with orthognathic surgery. There was also a negative correlation of non-extraction cases and periodontal status suggesting orthodontic extraction cases have a relatively healthy periodontium which was both clinically and statistically significant.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice among hypertension patients at tertiary care hospital on drugs
Authors: Sivasakthi R  , Senthil Kumar C  , Mohan S  , Nithiyan P
Published: January 2021

Drug therapy problems are significant for the pharmaceutical care practitioner. The evaluation of drug therapy problems is the target of the assessment and shows the major decisions made in that step of the patient care process. Although drug therapy problem evaluation is technically part of the assessment procedure, it performs the very particular input made by pharmaceutical care practitioners.  The prospective observational study was conducted at the Cardiology department with 450 hypertension patient based on Inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data collection form was administered after getting the Consent form. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software. A total of 450 HTN patients were included in the study & only 402 patients of them enrolled in the study as per the inclusion & Exclusion criteria stated in the protocol. In this study, 452 Interventions were performed & documented for both drug therapy 35.84% (n=162) & health education 64.15% (n=290). These interventions were equally distributed among the patients. Drug therapy-related intervention was solved amid adjustment of medication chart in HTN patients. The study sealed that pharmaceutical care Intervention is a basic device to enhance BP management in HTN patients. The role of Clinical pharmacist is essential to improve the knowledge of patient for better treatment outcome.
Prospective method of animal counting: example of Tver region (Russia)
Authors: Зиновьев Андрей Валерьевич , Мидоренко Дмитрий Адольфович
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматривается перспективный метод учета животных, отрабатываемый на белом аисте в Тверской области. Метод подразумевает аудиовизуальный мониторинг гнезд с применением БПЛА с занесением данных в специально разработанное мобильное ГИС-приложением с последующей визуализацией данных на информационно-аналитической панели web-приложения

Here we outline a promising method for counting of animals, practiced on a White Stork in the Tver Region. The method implies audiovisual monitoring of nests using UAVs with entering data into a specially developed mobile GIS application, and subsequent visualization of data on the analytical panel of the web application.
Physician as a subject of extreme situation: medical-biological, sociological and personal aspects
Authors: Балашова Людмила Александровна , Жмакин Игорь Алексеевич , Баканов Константин Борисович , Пикалова Лариса Петровна
Published: January 2021

Изучена адаптация врачей к современным социальным условиям жизнедеятельности. Исследовалось их отношение к экстремальным ситуациям, связанных с определенными формами насилия. Выявлены особенности физиологических механизмов адаптации и поведения врачей в экстремальной ситуации, в том числе в зависимости от пола врачей и вида экстремальной ситуации. Индивидуальная форма реакции врача на экстремальные ситуации во многом обусловлена подготовленностью, опытом работы, физиологическими и личностными особенностями. Предлагается дополнить действующие программы повышения квалификации врачей теоретическими и практическими учебными модулями для повышения общей коммуникативной компетентности при действиях в нестандартных экстремальных ситуациях.

We studied the adaptations of physicians to modern social conditions. We paid a special attention to the attitude of physicians to extreme situations associated with certain forms of violence. Physiological mechanisms of adaptation and behavior of physicians in an extreme situation, gender- and the type of extreme situation-bound, were revealed. The form of the physicians’ reaction to extreme situations is related to a number of factors, such as preparedness, work experience, physiological and personal characteristics. We propose to supplement the existing programs for advanced training of physicians with theoretical and practical training modules to increase the general communicative competence in non-standard extreme situations
The Effect of Principal Leadership Style, Work Motivation, and Professional Competence of Primary School Teacher Performance in Kendari City
Authors: Deluma Ridwan Yusuf , MS Zulela , Asmawi Moch
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of the principal's leadership style, motivation, and professional competence on the performance of an elementary school teacher in the town of Kendari. The design of this research was path analysis. The study samples were 241 primary school teachers and they were taken by using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed statistically using path analysis with the program Linear Structural Relations (LISREL). The professional competence was equal ρy23 = 0.389, t = 4.751, table = 1,97 means t> t table, then H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted The results showed that: (1) there was a positive direct influence between headmaster leadership style to the performance of primary school teachers in the city of Kendari, (2) there was a direct positive influence between work motivation on the performance of primary school teachers in the city Kendari. The conclusion of this research are: (1) There is a positive direct influence on the performance of the leadership style of primary school teachers in Kendari; (2) There is a positive direct influence on the performance of work motivation of primary school teachers in Kendari; (3) There is a positive direct influence on the performance of the professional competence of primary school teachers in Kendari; (4) There is a positive direct influence on the performance of motivational leadership style work in Kendari; (5) There is a positive direct influence leadership style to the professional competence of teachers of primary schools in Kendari.
Learning Speaking Using Flash Cardboard: English as a Foreign Language Students’ Perception
Authors: Asih Siti Wulan , Andansari Ida Rahmah , Widayati Ely , Murwantono Didik
Published: January 2021

Flash cardboard is one of the media used for speaking, especially in storytelling. Teaching by using media is very necessary for learning because it greatly influences the results of the learning process. This research wants to know English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ perception after they learned storytelling using flash cardboard as a media. This was phenomenological research. This research used semi-structured interviews with some students who used flash cardboard in learning storytelling. Purposive sampling was used in this research. The result shows that the student got positive impacts facilitated by the flash cardboard media, they became more confident in speaking in front of the class, they were not involved because flash cardboard helped them, students also supported speaking fluently, they can produce more than 190 words per minute (wpm) but not necessarily perfect command of intonation, vocabulary, and grammar. By using flash cardboard as the media, the media can be an alternative method in learning English specifically speaking class because it forces students to speak (really make them speak) following the target language. In the end, it can also be concluded that learning English using flash cardboard media can improve students' language skills and speaking skills. The students maintain their ability in speaking smoothly not necessarily perfect command of intonation, vocabulary, and of course the grammar. The recommendation for further study is the other researchers can add the respondents with another English skill.
Development of E-Learning Based Resource Economics Lecture Model in Facing Industrial Revolution 4.0
Authors: Asriati Nuraini
Published: January 2021

In facing the industrial revolution 4.0 where technology plays its role the most. It also affects the education field in which the optimization of the use of instructional media and the evaluation needs to be upgraded. This research aims at revealing the implementation of the instructional model of e-learning based resource economics lectures. This research uses a development method in which there are qualitative and quantitative analyses. the data were collected using observation and distribution of questionnaires to 39 students attending the learning process. The results showed that (1) The implementation of the instructional model of e-learning based resource economics lectures in facing the industrial revolution 4.0 has been effective because there is careful planning. In addition to being suitable for the learning objectives, it is also in accordance with the students’ needs. The success of e-learning is related to a consistent and integrated effort between lecturers, students, faculty, support staff, and administrators. (2) the use of e-learning as a medium for learning resources, delivery of material, and assignment of tasks in the learning process of Resource Economics is still less than optimal. It indicates that the existing facilities and infrastructure have not been well utilized by its users, either by students, lecturers, or other related parties. And (3) the results of the evaluation of the implementation of the instructional model have shown a good category, meaning that the e-learning instructional model applied in the lectures of resource economics for economics education students is good and meets the needs of the students and can increase students' motivation and understanding in learning as a basis for facing the era industrial revolution 4.0.
Development of Ethnomathematics-Based Student Worksheets on Course of Mathematics Basic Concept in STKIP Singkawang
Authors: Hendriana Evinna Cinda , Buyung Buyung
Published: January 2021

The success of learning mathematics affects the level of mastery of mathematical concepts that elementary school students (SD) must have, as well as prospective elementary school teachers at STKIP Singkawang. One of the factors that support the success of learning mathematics is a model of teaching materials in the form of systematic student worksheets (LKM) and interesting so that it is easy for students to learn individually. The purpose of researching the Development of Ethnomathematics-Based Student Worksheets in the course of Mathematics Basic Concept at STKIP Singkawang is valid, practical, and effective. The method used in this research is the development of the Borg and Gall (1979) 3D model, namely: define, design, and develop. The research subjects were 2 classes, namely the morning class (class A and class B) of the PGSD study program of STKIP Singkawang. Data analysis in this study was carried out through qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The quantitative analysis conducted in this study includes validity analysis, practicality analysis, effectiveness analysis. Statistical test using the t-test, Z-test, and ANOVA test. The results showed that the learning tools developed were: (1) valid, after going through the validation process, (2) practical, because there was a good response from students, and (3) the ethnomathematics -based LKM learning tools were effective because the students' ability to understand mathematical concepts reached individual and classical completeness, as well as differences in the ability to understand mathematical concepts in the two classes of device trials.
Reading Literacy, Mathematical Literacy, and Self-Confidence of Junior High School Students in Singkawang
Authors: Husna Nurul , Zulfahita Zulfahita , Mulyani Sri , Rahman Md. Shahinoor
Published: January 2021

Literacy skills are very important abilities for students and are being encouraged to do so as a necessary prerequisite for lifelong learning. Because literacy skills are abilities that can be used to empower and improve the quality of individuals, families, communities, and countries. This study aims to (1) describe students' reading literacy and mathematical literacy skills based on the level of self-confidence of students in schools accredited A and B, as well as male and female students; (2) to test the comparability of reading literacy, mathematical literacy, and self-confidence based on the level of school accreditation and gender. The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The sample in this study was selected using cluster sampling. The sample consisted of two public schools accredited A and B, and two private schools accredited A and B. The instruments in this study were reading literacy questions, mathematical literacy questions, student self-confidence questionnaires, and interview guidelines. The conclusions in this research are: (1) the descriptions are: (a) For schools with A accreditation, only confident students can process gathering information, processing information, and communicating information on reading literacy, while for mathematical literacy students who are confident can carry out the process Devising Strategies for Solving Problems indicators. For schools with B accreditation, students who are confident, confident enough, and less confident have carried out all the reading literacy processes, but there are still some mistakes and not according to the concept, while for mathematical literacy, students who are confident and confident enough can carry out process indicator Devising Strategies for Solving Problems. (b) For male students and female students who are confident, confident enough, and less confident to carry out the process of gathering information, processing information, and communicating information on reading literacy but still make some mistakes and do not fit the concept. As for mathematical literacy, confident female students can carry out the Communication process and Devising Strategies for Solving Problems. (2) For the comparison test, namely: (a) There is no difference in reading literacy between students from A and B accredited schools; (b) There are differences in mathematical literacy between students from A and B accredited schools; (c) There are differences in reading literacy and mathematical literacy between male students and female students; (d) There is no level of student confidence based on school accreditation and gender.
The Improvement of the Services Quality through Development of Teachers Personality and Organizational Justice
Authors: Rubiati Kania , Setyaningsih Sri , Suharyati Henny
Published: January 2021

The quality of teacher services is an important element related to achieving national education goals and developing Indonesian people as a whole. The initial survey of teacher service quality in the Civil Servants in the High School in the city of Bogor has not yet reached maximum results. Therefore, the quality of teacher services is interesting to study. This study aims to find efforts to improve teacher service quality by examining the relationship between teacher service quality with teacher personality variables and organizational justice. The data needed in this study were captured using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire. Before the questionnaire is used as a data collection tool, it must be first analyzed its validity and reliability. This analysis was carried out by testing the instrument to respondents, who had been determined. This trial is intended to determine the feasibility of this instrument as a research instrument. The study also uses correlational statistical methods and analysis of the SITOREM method. The unit of research analysis was a high school civil servant teacher with a population of 279 and a sample of 103 teachers. The results of the study show there is a positive relationship between the teacher's personality and the quality of teacher services with the strength of the relationship ry1 = 0.421 and there is a positive relationship between organizational justice and the quality of the teacher's service with the strength of the ry2 = 0.297 so that the quality of teacher service can be improved through the personality of the teacher and organizational justice. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between the teacher's personality and the service quality approach as well as the organizational justice variable with the quality of teacher service both individually and collectively. SITOREM analysis results showed that there should be priority improvements to indicators that are not optimal such as (1) stable emotions (2) open to experience (3) procedural fairness (4) responsiveness (5) attention.
Strengthening of Social Competency through Learning Independence of Islamic Education of Reciprocal Teaching Models with Metacognitive Approach of Primary School Students
Authors: Yani T. Ahmad , Misdah Misdah , Wahab Wahab
Published: January 2021

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence on strengthening social competence (Islamic Studies subjects; Arabic script) through the independent learning of reciprocal teaching models with a metacognitive approach. The population in this study was the fifth-grade students of SD Mujahidin Pontianak City. While the sample was taken randomly from two classes from 5A and 5C to class 5 students. One class received Reciprocal Teaching (RT) model learning with a metacognitive approach as an experimental group and one class received regular learning as a control group. The instruments used in this study consisted of three types of instruments, namely: (1) observation sheets, (2) students' independent learning scales, and (3) learning outcomes tests on Islamic Education subjects. Based on the data analysis in this study, the process of strengthening social competence through student learning independence in the subject of Islamic Religious Education uses the reciprocal teaching model with a metacognitive approach practiced at SD Mujahidin Pontianak can be seen from the main component of learning (core competence). Efforts to strengthen social competence through independence can be designed through a Reciprocal Teaching model with a metacognitive approach gradually and intact. The first process starts with the development of the lesson plan as an operational design in the practice of Islamic Education learning. Development of learning components in the lesson plan, namely materials, methods, media, sources, and evaluation that are more creative, innovative. The teaching of teaching materials as a whole, which includes cognitive, affective, and psychomotor teaching materials. Second, there are differences in strengthening social competence through independent learning between students learning Islamic education using the reciprocal teaching model with a metacognitive approach and students learning Islamic education using ordinary learning models. The independent learning of students in Islamic Religious Education in the group that received reciprocal teaching model learning with a metacognitive approach was better than the control group.
THE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH LECTURERS’ TEACHING MODELS AT ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF NORTH MALUKU TERNATE
Authors: Mahmud Adi F , Rahman Andi Qashas
Published: January 2021

To achieve the teaching goals well, the teachers or lecturers are demanded to master all teaching components. One of the components is teaching model. Teaching model can drive the teachers or lecturers to achieve teaching goals well. This research attempted to find out (i) the English lecturers’ teaching models applied in teaching in the classroom, (ii) the English lecturers’ reasons for applying those teaching models, and (iii) the English students’ perceptions of the English lecturers’ teaching models applied. Data were collected by classroom observation and semi-structure interview. Then, data were analyzed by employing descriptive qualitative method. The participants consisted of five English lecturers and students. The findings of the research showed that (i) Most of the respondents in this research did not apply innovative teaching models. Most of the teaching models applied by respondents were still conventional. (ii) There were some respondents who applied group discussions and presentation, but the sequences of teaching that were applied did not characterize an innovative teaching model, (iii) The respondent 4 applied innovative teaching models twice in two meetings. However, he also applied conventional teaching models. Then, all respondents’ teaching models did not involve a new teaching model or method in teaching interaction in the classroom, (iv) Lecturing is one of the dominances teaching models used by all respondents in teaching in the classroom, (v) There were some reasons underpinning all respondents in choosing a teaching model to be applied. The reasons included the students’ proficiency, the instructional material, students’ understanding, the easiness, simple, and teaching goals. Further, all respondents considered that those teaching models were appropriate and effective to be applied in teaching and learning interaction, and (v) Not all respondents’ reasons in line with the five students’ perceptions. All students’ perceptions showed that some teaching models used by respondents were boring and uninteresting.

Key Words: analysis, teaching models, English lecturers
STUDENTS EXPECTATIONS TOWARD THEIR TEACHERS: A STUDY ON TEACHERS’ COMPETENCE, GENDER ISSUES AND POLITENESS BETWEEN TEACHERS AND STUDENTS IN INDONESIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Mahmud Murni
Published: January 2021

This paper depicts the students’ perception on the ways their teachers teach them. There were 80 respondents involved in this research consisting 40 students from undergraduate and 40 students from graduate program. The respondents are the English students of the Graduate and undergraduate Program of the State University of Makassar. An open ended questionnaire was distributed to them to reveal their perception towards their teachers’ teaching styles. The findings of this research revealed expectations from students towards their teachers in terms of the use of materials and methods in the class, the classroom interaction and management by the teachers, and the teachers’ personal identities. Some other aspects such as gender relation and politeness were taken into consideration on the students’ preferences.

Key words: English Language Teaching, English Teachers, English Students, Teaching Methods, Teaching materials, gender, politeness
LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES OF NON-ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS IN DEVELOPING THE STUDENTS’ ORAL COMMUNICATION
Authors: Atbar Mustahrim , Weda Sukardi
Published: January 2021

Developing oral English communication proficiency for English major students is something usual, but for non-English major students who required to be proficient in oral English communication is obviously unusual. The questions that might arise are what strategies they apply to be proficient, how they apply those strategies and what makes those strategies useful or valuable for them. Therefore, the research questions for this problem are (i) What learning strategies are used by Civil Aviation Safety and Engineering Academy (CASEA) students in developing oral English communication? (ii) How do learning strategies facilitate CASEA students to be successful in English oral communication? (iii) What conditions are valuable for developing CASEA students’ English oral communication? The research aims at (i) Examining the learning strategies used by CASEA students in learning English. (ii) Exploring the ways learning strategies facilitate the CASEA students’English oral communication. (iii) Exploring the conditions which valuable for developing students’ English oral communication. The research is applying qualitative research in the form of case study.The results of this study reveal that (i) the cadets in CASEA Makassar employed five strategies to develop their oral communication proficiency namely preparing production strategies, encouraging production strategies, effective production strategies, comprehension reaction strategies, and reinforcing comprehension strategies. (ii) Each of the employed strategies was facilitated the students to be proficient in oral English communication in certain way. It starts from collecting and organizing ideas (by preparing production strategies), lowering tense (by encouraging production strategies), covering limitations (by effective production strategies), understanding people’s ideas (by comprehension reaction strategies), and ensuring comprehension (by reinforcing comprehension strategies). (iii) Developing English oral communication can be maximal by the support of six conditions both internally and externally. The conditions are the presence of (1) certain motivation types, (2) extroverted personality, (3) prior English experience and preference in an English skill or element, (4) institutional policies, (5) supportive atmosphere, (6) media.
THE PHONOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF TEACHER INSTRUC TIONAL TALK IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM INTERACTION
Authors: Sirajuddin Suharti
Published: January 2021

The research aimed at finding and analyzing (i) the instructional talk that teachers use in the classroom interaction, (ii) teachers’ modification of their instructional talk in phonological perspective (iii) students’ perception of instructional talk used by the teachers in classroom interaction. This research applied descriptive method  with  the total number of participants of  2 English teachers and 6 students  divided based on their grade. The instrument used for this study was classroom observation, video recording and interview. The finding indicated that (i) the first participant used 15 instructional talks and the second participant used 14 instructional talks (ii) teachers modify their talk by substitution, deletion, and addition. First participant used substitution 151 times (81%), deletion 22 times (12%), and addition 13 (7%). The second participant used substitution 30 times (83%), deletion 12 times (13%) and additional 4 (4%). (iii) Students have lower perception of teacher instructional talk which indicates students get 11 (11%) for each VII grade students and the VIII grade students get variety level percentage; 12 (21%), 15(26%) and 11 (19%) for each students. It also finds three factors that influence students’ perception; teachers’ factors, limited time and environment.         Key words: Phonological perspective, instructional talk, classroom interaction
A STUDY OF EFFECTIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL IN MAKASSAR
Authors: Asriati -
Published: January 2021

An effective English language teacher has different characteristics from an ordinary one. This research was conducted to reveal the characteristics of effective English language teachers in Makassar and the backgrounds of effective English language teachers that contribute to develop their abilities in teaching. This research applied a qualitative research method using case study approach. The findings of this research show that the characteristics of effective English language teachers in Makassar are divided into several categories; professional competence, pedagogical competence, social competence, personal qualities, and intra and intercultural awareness. Effective English language teachers emphasized their characteristics mostly on professional and pedagogical competence while the students categorized their teachers based on their personal qualities. In terms of personal background, there are several characteristics that could be concluded, they were inspired by their teachers that make them interested in English and become English teachers, they have positive attitudes toward English since they were students, and the second and the third research subject come from teachers’ family while the first research subject does not come from teachers’ family, but they all admitted that their families have important roles to their career as teachers. Keywords: Effective Teachers, Teacher Characteristics, Teachers’ Personal Background
Interpersonal Communication that Inspires in EFL Teaching
Authors: Rasyid Muhammad Amin
Published: January 2021

This study attempted to reveal the perception of EFL students on the lecturer verbal and nonverbal interpersonal communication that they experience and expect to foster their positive attitudes and nurture their motivation in learning English at State University of Makassar, Indonesia. The respondents consisted of 152 fifth semester students of undergraduate program, majoring in English Education, attending TEFL course in 2013/2014 academic year. The study was guided by the researchers’ teaching belief stating that teaching is communicating and inspiring virtues in the forms of knowledge, skills and attitudes. The instruments used were (a) The 14 lecturer verbal interpersonal communication  measure (VICM) and (b) the 14 lecturer non-verbal interpersonal communication measure (NVICM) developed by the researcher. The data analysis showed that four of the 14 VICM were not inspiring, namely telling students his personal experience, responding students’ reasons for being late, asking students to tell their most impressive learning English experience, and  allowing students to call their lecturers by their first name; and three of the 14 NVICM were not inspiring, namely moving around the class when teaching, touching (shaking hands), coming closer to students when lecturing. Key concepts: perception, inspiring, interpersonal, communication
The Use of Macromedia Flash Animation to Enhance Students’ English Writing Skill at the Seventh Grade of SMP Yapis 1 Fakfak-West Papua
Authors: Lisda Wa , Rahman Muhammad Asfah , Atmowardoyo Haryanto
Published: January 2021

This research is conducted to find out: (1) whether the use of  Macromedia Flash Animation  enhance  students'  writing  skill  or  not;  (2)  the  students'  interest  in English writing class using Macromedia flash animation; (3) whether student's interest have relationship to student's writing ability or not. The research employs the quasi-experimental method. The sample consists of 51 students which belongs to two groups; 27 students in the experimental group and 24 students in the control group. The data are collected by writing test (pre-test and post-test) and questionnaire which is analyzed through SPSS 20.0. In conducting the research, the researchers applies Macromedia Flash Animation as the medium to the experimental group while the teacher in the control group uses power point presentation. The research results indicated that Macromedia Flash Animation can enhance students' English writing skill at the seventh-grade students of SMP Yapis 1 Fakfak-West Papua in academic year 2014/2015. Although the mean score of the experimental group is higher than the mean score of the control group, it does not show a significant difference (73.93>70.33). Therefore, based on pair test, the result shows that the mean score of pre-test and post-test in the experimental group are significantly different (55.41-73.93). Moreover, based on the students' response on  the  questionnaire,  it  is  found  that  the  mean  score  is  80.15  which  was categorized “interested”. The Pearson’s r for correlation shows that the correlation coefficient between students’ interest and students’ writing ability is 0.891, with the sig. (2 tailed) value is less than 0.05 indicates that there is a strong, significant and positive correlation between students’ interest and students’ writing ability. Specifically,  the  research  result  indicates  that  Macromedia  flash  animation  is interesting and effective to enhance students’ writing skill. Key words: Macromedia flash animation, writing skill, interest.
The Problems in Professional Competence of Teachers in Teaching English Subject at Vocational High Schools
Authors: Syamsinar Syamsinar , Jabu Baso
Published: January 2021

This research was intended to investigate the problems in professional competence faced by the English teachers of vocational high schools in Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This research applied descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected by using three instruments: questionnaire, interview and observation checklist. The participants were two experienced English teachers, two inexperienced English teachers, and eight students. The professional competence indicators are adapted from the Regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia No. 16/2007. The results of this research reveal that the teachers' problems dealing with professional competence in teaching English at vocational high schools include (a) problem in mastering the materials, (b) problems in mastering the curriculum, (c) problem in developing materials creatively, (d) difficulties in developing the teacher professionalism continuously, (e) problems in using the information technology and (f) problems of classroom management. Keywords:  professional competence, experienced English teachers, inexperiencedEnglish teacher.
The Use of Prezi with Know, Want, and Learn (KWL) Strategy to Enhance Students Reading Comprehension
Authors: Hamid Sitti Maryam , Rahman Andi Qashas
Published: January 2021

The objectives of this research were to find out whether the use of Prezi with KWL Strategy enhances the reading comprehension and the students’ interest. This research employed quasi-experimental design. The population of this research was the first-grade students of SMAN 5 Makassar in academic 2015/2016. This research employed cluster random sampling technique. The sample consisted of 72 students which belong to two classes; 36 students in experimental class and also 36 students in control class. Research instruments were used to collect the data in this research namely reading comprehension test and questionnaire. The result of the students’ reading score in this research showed that the experimental class improved significantly from 69.69 up to 86.61. While in control class the result improved from 66.22 up to 75.89. Therefore, the significant values of Independent t-test 0.000 < α = 0.05. It means that the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted. Moreover, based on the students’ response on questionnaire showed that the mean score of interest was 80.61 and it was categorized as interested. Keywords: KWL Strategy, Prezi, reading comprehension, interest
Students’ Perception on Peer Revisions of Deemphasizing Grammar Correction in SMA Mulia Bhakti, Makassar, South Sulawesi
Authors: Purnamasari Jelita , Jabu Baso , Halim Abdul
Published: January 2021

This research are aims at (i) investigating perceptions of learners about the implementation of peer revision of deemphasizing grammatical correction at SMA Mulia Bhakti Makassar, (ii) finding out the factors which influenced the implementation of peer revision of deemphasizing grammar correction at SMA Mulia Bhakti Makassar, and (iii) finding out how the peer revision of deemphasizing grammar correction is implemented at SMA Mulia Bhakti Makassar. The researcher conducted qualitative method. The data resources were 11th-grade students at SMA Mulia Bhakti Makassar who had experience in the practice of peer revision of deemphasizing grammar correction. The result showed that, (i) the researcher found the students’ positive perception and negative perception on peer revision of deemphasizing grammatical correction. The positive perceptions were students became more active, developed their critical thinking, leaded them to students’ self-directed learning, and decreased students’ writing apprehension while the negative perceptions were it created overly critical comments and also conflict (ii) the factors influenced the implementation were students’ ability as reviewer and sitting them in collaborative work (iii) the steps of peer revision of deemphasizing grammatical correction at SMA Mulia Bhakti Makassar consisted of six steps, namely writing, revision, first rewriting, editing, second rewriting, and scoring.