bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise temporal da incidência da hepatite A no município de Belém-Pa, Brasil, nos anos de 2008 e 2009 e disseminação da informação na ilha de Cotijuba
Authors: Rodrigues Lena P. S. , Gasparetto Douglas , Monteiro João J. B. , Soffiatti Nelson F.L. , Veiga Nelson
Published: July 2016

A análise de dados epidemiológicos, ambientais e sócio-econômicos foi modelada para reconhecer os fatores temáticos da Hepatite A e seus mecanismos de disseminação, na ilha de Cotijuba, onde os casos ocorridos em 2008 e 2009 foram indistintamente notificados em Belém - PA. Para reconhecer a existência desses fatores foram utilizadas geotecnologias emergentes associadas a estruturas de dados relacionais e não relacionais com o método de análise temporal da relação entre os fatores e a incidência da hepatite A, naquela área de estudos. Alguns dos elementos temáticos identificados são controláveis com ações locais. Essa constatação gerou conhecimentos aplicáveis ao cenário ecoepidemiológico da hepatite A, existente na ilha, os quais foram repassados aos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, durante a oficina realizada pelo Laboratório de Geoprocessamento do Instituto Evandro Chagas, no XIII IFNOPAP & III CAMPUS FLUTUANTE, promovido pela Universidade Federal do Estado do Pará.
Projeto Acqua: uma Experiência de Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem Inserido em Web 2.0
Authors: Basso Marcus Vinicius De Azevedo , Da Silva Rodrigo Sychocki
Published: July 2016

Com o desenvolvimento da Web2.0, as ferramentas disponíveis na internet tornaram a aprendizagem colaborativa, e com isso, os sujeitos tornaram-se agentes influentes que participam ativamente no processo de aprendizagem de outros sujeitos, tornando assim a aprendizagem uma grande rede virtual. O projeto intitulado Acqua, realizado na UFRGS, possui duas versões: a primeira, produzida em 2004, usa ferramentas estritamente conhecidas e disponíveis na Web1.0, que estavam, entretanto, em transição para a Web2.0. Mais recentemente, em 2008, foi produzido um novo modelo para o Acqua, no qual a influência da Web2.0 é forte durante o desenvolvimento das atividades propostas. Neste trabalho, discutiremos os aspectos teóricos que possibilitaram a reformulação desse ambiente virtual de aprendizagem que potencializaram seu uso. Serão tratados também os aspectos relevantes sobre objetos de aprendizagem inseridos totalmente na Web2.0 e sua importância na aprendizagem colaborativa.
Staphylinidae e Silphidae (Coleoptera) como Potenciais Famílias Bioindicadoras de Qualidade Ambiental
Authors: Fernandes Fabiana Dos Santos , Alves Sueyla Da Silva , Santos Hélio Freitas , Rodrigues William Costa
Published: July 2016

O presente estudo teve como objetivo levantar a biodiversidade de coleópteros do IZMA (Eng. Paulo de Frontin - RJ), compreender suas relações com as composições florísticas e buscar identificar potenciais bioindicadores. Foram realizadas quatro coletas, em oito pontos distintos, de abril de 2008 a março de 2009, com utilização de armadilhas pitfall. Os insetos foram triados, identificados, e armazenados no Laboratório de Monitoramento Ambiental – USS; os dados foram analisados por meio da Diversidade e Dominância de Simpson e Similaridade de Cluster. Capturaram-se 1990 coleópteros (15 famílias), com maior ocorrência de Staphylinidae no interior da mata. Os pontos V e VI foram os mais similares e Silphidae, em áreas intermediárias; os pontos VII e VIII, mais similares. A 1ª coleta apresentou maior dominância; a 4ª coleta, maior diversidade. O ponto IV obteve maior abundância; o V, maior dominância; os pontos I e III, maior diversidade; os pontos III e VII, maior similaridade. Os pontos III, IV, VI, e VII mostraram-se os mais conservados, Staphylinidae e Silphidae foram apontados como potenciais bioindicadores, por apresentar sensibilidade às modificações do ambiente.
Gerenciamento de Resíduos dos Laboratórios da Área de Saúde do Campus da Universidade Severino Sombra, Vassouras - RJ
Authors: Do Nascimento José Carlos , Gomes Rosana Canuto , Cardoso Carlos Eduardo , Semêdo Luzia Teixeira de Azevedo Soares
Published: July 2016

Os resíduos gerados pelas atividades humanas representam um dos maiores problemas da atualidade, uma vez que tratados de maneira negligente e inadequada constituem graves riscos ao meio ambiente, à saúde humana e de animais. Integrado a este universo, temos a questão dos resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS), que por suas particularidades torna-se inexeqüível o seu lançamento em rede pública de esgotos ou em corpos d’água, exigindo-se para isso, soluções técnicas e economicamente viáveis em face à melhor tecnologia disponível (ANVISA 2005). A consciência ambiental da população e a legislação tem levado as instituições hospitalares, de ensino e pesquisa a implantarem a gestão de resíduos laboratoriais buscando, desta forma, minimizar os riscos e impactos causados por tais resíduos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e descrever a quantidade diária dos resíduos gerados nos laboratórios da área de saúde do Campus da Universidade Severino Sombra, justificandose pela imprescindível necessidade de adequação às normas estabelecidas por lei e aos protocolos da instituição reconhecendo que muito já foi feito, todavia, ainda há muito o que aprimorar.
Comunicação de Dados em Redes de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica de Baixa Tensão
Authors: Vital Richard Brandão Nogueira , Vital Tatiane Melo
Published: July 2016

Este artigo descreve o mecanismo de troca de informações com uso de redes brasileiras de distribuição de energia elétrica de baixa tensão, e traça a linha evolutiva do tema até atingir o desenvolvimento tecnológico atual. Dessa forma, são abordados temas importantes sobre o assunto como aplicações comerciais, faixa de operação, descrição dos dispositivos de rede que possibilitam a troca de dados, comportamento do canal de comunicação e das fontes ruidosas.
Produção de bioetanol a partir de coproduto gerado no descaroçamento de azeitona
Authors: Pereira Vanessa Medeiros , Ribeiro Leilson De Oliveira , Trancoso Henrique , Antunes José Gonçalves , Mendes Marisa Fernandes , Pereira Cristiane De Souza Siqueira
Published: July 2016

Na busca por fontes alternativas de energia menos poluentes e mais sustentáveis, o uso de resíduos agrícolas para a produção de biocombustíveis tem se mostrado uma alternativa promissora. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da produção do bioetanol a partir da polpa de azeitona, um coproduto gerado no processo de descaroçamento das azeitonas de mesa. Avaliaram-se dois tipos de hidrólise como prétratamentos: hidrólise via ácido clorídrico 1% e hidrólise por explosão a vapor com ácido sulfúrico 14%. O líquido hidrolisado foi fermentado por 4 dias à temperatura ambiente, utilizando-se a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae. O melhor rendimento em etanol (4,6% v/v) foi obtido com a polpa pré tratada com ácido sulfúrico.
Mycobiont and Whole Thallus Cultures of Roccella Montagnei Bél. For the Biosynthesis of Secondary Compounds
Authors: Hariharan G.N. , Karthik S. , Muthukumar S.
Published: July 2016

The mycobiont and whole thallus cultures of Roccella montagnei Bel. were established using soredia as an inoculum.The mycobiont cultures showed optimum growth, biomass and biosynthesis of compounds in Lilly and Barnett medium with glucose as a carbon source, micronutrients and vitamins. After the incubation period of 180 days, the cultures were harvested, and their biomass and secondary compound profiles were analysed. The HPTLC chromatogram of the acetone extract of the NT and mycobiont cultures revealed erythrinas the major biosynthesized compound in both and identified as a key biosynthate by R. montagnei. Further, the NT biosynthesized 5 additional compounds and themycobiont cultures biosynthesized 6 additional compounds. The molecular identity of the cultured mycobiont was confirmed using nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) as well as the secondary chemistry. Lichen compound erythrin was identified as a key biosynthate by the cultures.
Gender, samenleving en stedelijk ontwerp
Authors: Abbas Mukarram
Published: July 2016

De relatie tussen gender en stedelijk ontwerp roept een hoop gedachten bij me op. Is het waar? Ervaren vrouwen de stad echt op een andere manier dan mannen? Als je dit gelooft, zie je het hele proces omtrent stedenbouwkunde en ontwerp in een ander perspectief.
Transnationalisme en migratie: een stedelijke onderzoeksagenda
Authors: Bassens David , Meeus Bruno
Published: July 2016

Al vroeg in de 20ste eeuw onderzochten Thomas & Znaniecki de blijvende banden tussen migranten en hun thuisbasis. Terwijl deze ‘transnationale toestand’ de voorbije eeuw kenmerkend werd voor onze stedelijke geografieën, stellen we vast dat beleid en berichtgeving dergelijke schaaloverschrijdende processen al te vaak ongenuanceerd tegemoet treden. Een onderzoeksagenda als mogelijk antidotum.
Emirdag-Gent: sociaal én psychologisch transnationalisme
Authors: De Leersnyder Josefien
Published: July 2016

Ieder jaar trouwen zo’n 3000 Turkse Belgen met een partner uit de oorsprongsregio, wat getuigt van sterke sociale transnationale netwerken. Maar in hoeverre wordt die sociale vervlechting van twee werelden weerspiegeld in de psychologische leefwereld van Turkse Belgen? Is Turkije HOME en België AWAY? Of is het net andersom?
Transnationaal ‘Koerdistan’, knooppunt Brussel
Authors: Casier Marlies
Published: July 2016

Op 5 maart 2010 stapten vijfduizend Koerdische manifestanten mee in een mars doorheen Brussel, woedend over de razzia’s in de vele Koerdische organisaties in België. Het was zeker niet de eerste keer, want ook bij de arrestatie en ter doodveroordeling van PKK-leider Abdullah Öcalan trokken tienduizenden Koerden de straten op.
Van dorpsbewoner tot wereldburger
Authors: Stuyck Karen
Published: July 2016

Integratie van migranten in de gastmaatschappij en aanhoudende verbondenheid met de maatschappij van herkomst zijn niet noodzakelijk elkaars tegengestelden. Aan de hand van de werking van enkele Senegalese migrantenorganisaties wordt duidelijk dat beide aspecten probleemloos gecombineerd kunnen worden en dat de potenties van zulke transnationale organisaties te vaak onbenut blijven.
Gecontesteerde etnische markten in Montpellier
Authors: Tchoukaleyska Roza
Published: July 2016

Op de Place Salengro aan de rand van het historisch centrum van Montpellier ligt, verdrongen tussen het verkeer, de Marché du Plan Cabanes. De meeste klanten hier zijn immigranten en mensen uit de lagere inkomensklasse op zoek naar betaalbare en etnische producten.
Uitdagingen voor een tijdsbeleid
Authors: Glorieux Ignace
Published: July 2016

Het bewustzijn dat tijdsbesteding en tijdsordening maatschappelijke problemen zijn en dus ook beleidsproblemen, is de afgelopen jaren sterk toegenomen. Deze erkenning van de tijdsproblematiek als een beleidsdomein betekent echter niet dat we al ver staan in het ontwikkelen van een tijdsbeleid.
Tijd als strategische partner
Authors: Oosting Kris
Published: July 2016

Tijdelijkheid lijkt één van de toverwoorden van de huidige crisis. In het groeiende besef dat ruimtelijke ordening zoals we dat kennen weleens denitief tot het verleden zou kunnen behoren, lijkt het benutten van de tussentijd een middel op weg naar de nieuwe werkelijkheid.
Besmet door de netwerktijd
Authors: Hassan Robert
Published: July 2016

Kom jij ook moeilijk een dag door zonder mobiele telefoon, email en facebook? Begeef jij je dus dieper en dieper in de netwerktijd? Besef je wel dat dit leidt tot geheugen- en concentratieverlies?
Fietsstad of fietsende stedeling?
Authors: Van Acker Veronique
Published: July 2016

Hogere dichtheden en meer functiemenging zorgen voor meer fietsen. Vaak is dit het uitgangspunt van planologen en verkeersdeskundigen. Het klopt voor een deel, maar ook andere factoren zoals leefstijlen en attitudes zijn belangrijk. De relatie tussen de bebouwde omgeving en fietsen is daardoor niet zo eenvoudig als vaak wordt gedacht.
Attitudes van de fietsforens
Authors: Heinen Eva
Published: July 2016

‘Harde factoren’ verklaren niet waarom individuen in vergelijkbare situaties en met een gelijke achtergrond een verschillende beslissing maken om wel of niet te fietsen. Dit artikel identificeert drie fietsattitudes: "direct nut", "bewustzijn" en "veiligheid". Deze attitudes verklaren mede de keuze om naar het werk te fietsen en de frequentie waarmee gefietst wordt.
Pendelhelden
Authors: Vanoutrive Thomas
Published: July 2016

Vroeger diende een militair te sneuvelen om als held geëerd te worden, nu volstaat het om met de fiets naar het werk te gaan. Zodoende kunnen zowel manager, militair als mijnwerker een heldenstatus verwerven. Al kunnen daar wel enkele kritische bedenkingen bij gemaakt worden.
Boomplantdag in het Aelmoeseneibos - 21 maart 1970
Authors: - -
Published: July 2016

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Method for drawing forest maps by means of an office computer
Authors: Goossens R. , De Schuyter J.
Published: July 2016

In  this article, we tried to perform the drawing of forest maps, together with  the calculations involved, automatically by means of relatively simple aids.      The computer unit used is an office computer Olivetti P203. As an example  the growing stock (in m3/ha) was mapped out. The proper inventory in the field is done  according to the classical method by means of a previously fixed network of  squares (70,7 m x 70,7 m), which corresponds to two plots a ha.     The quantity which is measured and mapped out (in this case the growing  stock) is in a similar form not very useful in mapping. Therefore a division  in classes (Ku) numbered from 0 to 9, is set up. An appropriate program  calculates for a certain number of points within this elementary square, to which  class they have to be assigned, whereas the typewriter prints the  corresponding code number on the right place.     Fig. 1 and the formulas (1), (2) and (3) represent the principle o[ the  calculations while fig. 2A and B reproduce the results printed by the  typewriter for a elementary square of respective 1” X 1” and 2” X 2”. The  whole of similar network of squares eventually results in a basical document,  on which the existing forest map with an adapted scale is laid (see appendix  3) and the class limits are drawn.     If desirable, the scale may be adapted when the forest map under discussion  is definitely reproduced.
Nitrification: an old process, a new concern
Authors: Verstraete W. H.
Published: July 2016

Some  factors affecting the L-asparaginase activity of E.  aroideae were investigated. Increasing  concentrations of glucose in the culture medium had an inhibiting effect on  the production of L-asparaginase by this microorganism. Buffering of the  culture medium in order to stabilize the pH during growth resulted in a decrease  of the L-asparaginase activity. From the different nitrogen sources examined,  tryptone, proteose peptone nr 2 and nr 3 stimulated the L-asparaginase  production. Toluene treatment of the cells practically destroyed the  L-asparaginase. Acetone dried cells showed an L-asparaginase activity  comparable with the activity of living cells.
Analyse de la structure et de la croissance des futaies jardinées sur le térritoire de l'Ancienne Republique de Venise
Authors: Lust N.
Published: July 2016

Analysis of the structure and the grouwth in selection forests  of the Ancient Republic of Venetia - ln the  selection forests of the Ancient Republic of Venetia, the regeneration isn’t  continuous. Normally there is a period of 30 years between two excellent  regenerations. The spruce and the silver fir dominate alternately during an  eighty years’ period.    Up to size-class 15 inclusive, the largest part of the trees belong to the  dominated class. The codominant trees are mostly found in the size-classes 20  and 25. From the size-class 25, most of the trees are dominating.    There is an essential difference between the social position of the silver  fir and the social position of the spruce. In general, the silver fir belongs  to a lower social position. At a same diameter, the silver fir is also less  high.    In the lowest size-classes, the time necessary to grow in to a higher class  is longer for the silver fir than for the spruce. From class 35 on however  it’s contrary. With a diameter of 5 cm the average age of the spruce is 35  years and the average age of the silver fir is 54 years. The active age of  both species is however nearly the same.
Sur le rapport entre l'accroissement courant en diamètre, en hauteur et en volume des arbres dans les peuplements vierges de hêtre oriental (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) en Iran
Authors: Nedialkov S. T. , Asli A.
Published: July 2016

Les  auteurs font la comparaison de différentes formules pour établir le rapport  entre l'accroissement courant et quelques caractéristiques dendrométrique de  l'arbre.    Ils arrivent à la conclusion que le meilleur résultat est obtenu par  l'application de la formule de bas    iv = v( (1,5 id)/d + ih/h)    mais que pour des raisons pratiques on préfère la formule suivante    iv =  v x 2id/d    iv =  accroissement courant    v = volume actuel des tiges    id =  accroissement courant en diameter de la tige    ih =  accroissement courant en hauteur de la tige    d = diameter à hauteur de poitrine sans écorce    h = hauteur actuelle des tiges
Quantité et qualité de la biomasse des branches de hetre oriental (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) en Iran
Authors: Asli A. , Nedialkov S. T.
Published: July 2016

Research on both quantity and quality of the biomass of Iranian  Eastern beech from high forests (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky) - The Eastern beech is the  most important commercial wood in Iran. ln order to prepare management plans  for these high forests, it is necessary to measure their biomass.     Measures led statistically on this species were processed and gave linear relations  between the biomass, the diameter and the importance of the crown of trees.      These relations have led to work out tables for the measure of biomass, by  making the difference between timber and fire wood.
Aufbau, Wachstum und Reaktionsvermoegen von unterdrueckten Eschenverjuengungen
Authors: Van Miegroet M. , Lust N.
Published: July 2016

Composition, structure and capacity of reaction of a suppressed  regeneration of ash - A natural regeneration of  ash (Fraxinus excelsior  L.) was found in the region of Virelles (Belgium) . The characteristics were  :     - age: 4 to 36 years; average = 18 y     - mean height : 22 cm     - mean base diameter = 3,5 mm     The characteristics of the regeneration prove the ash can be considered, at  least during the youth, as a strong shade bearing species.     The regeneration group has been analysed: the evolution of the stem number,  the structure, the growth and the differentiation.     In the second part we have examined if the regeneration possesses still the  capacity to take again a normal growth. Different techniques were used:  transplanting on the free field, cutting back immediately after planting or  some months later just before the vegetation period. The reaction of the  plants has been tested in two ways: 1. the growth and 2. the physiological  characteristics (respiration, photosynthesis and content of pigments).     The results prove that ashes which were suppressed for a very long time  possess still the capacity to take again a normal growth.
Etude sur la teneur en pigment de frênes qui croissent dans des conditions différentes
Authors: Lust N.
Published: July 2016

Pigment content of ashes grown up under different circumstances - The pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b,  xanthophyll and carotene) has been researched with ashes grown up under  different light circumstances and varying in age and height.     The results prove that the general laws concerning the influence of light  on the pigment content, don’t always work.     The phenomen is very complex. The light quantity is very important in some  cases, but insignificant in others. It seems origin and height of plants have  a strong influence. The results prove also the influence of the environment  is much higher on small plants as on big ones.     The research indicates finally the correlation between the green pigments,  the yellow pigments, and between the green pigments on the one side and the  yellow ones on the other side.
On forest stability
Authors: Van Miegroet M.
Published: July 2016

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The structure of stands of Corsican pine (Pinus nigra Arn. calabrica Schn.) on coarse sands
Authors: Coppin P. , Lust N.
Published: July 2016

This  paper is a sequel to a previous article written by the same authors and  entitled: “Growth and development of stands of Corsican pine on coarse  sands”.     It aims to contribute to the development of an appropriate management  scheme for these Corsican pine forests, that are established on the coarse  sands of northern Belgium, by analysing the stand composition as found at  present and by extrapolating existing trends.     The study makes special reference to the internal stand structure, the social  stratification within the stand, the quality distribution of the trees and  the interrelationship between the latter two factors. Cost-benefit ratios,  however, have not been considered at this stage and variations due to changes  in site quality or potential have been found insignificant within the broad  soil class of the coarse sands. Recommendations have been formulated, taking  into account customary management interventions and the unavoidable  reorientation of the management of these pine forests towards the production  of high quality timber.
A coppice with standards system adapted to Eucalyptus plantations for rural communities
Authors: Reynders M.
Published: July 2016

Coppice  with standards might be the most appropriate management system for Eucalyptus  plantations established to fulfil the needs of rural communities in  developing countries.    In Rwanda, trials were established comparing pure coppice and high forest  to coppice with standards with different densities of standards. The analysis  was made of the production of the coppice, the production of the reserves and  the total production of each treatment. The lack of significant difference  between the total production of treatments allows a great freedom of action  to the silviculturist and the choice of the management system should depend  on the valorization possibilities of the thinning products.
Reflections on the position of the forest and of forestry in Europe
Authors: Van Miegroet M.
Published: July 2016

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Natural regeneration of Abies X Borissii-Regis MATTF. in Pertouli forest (Greece)
Authors: Sneyers H. , Van Miegroet M. , Dafis S.
Published: July 2016

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Thematic mapping of the Flemish forest cover using aerial photography
Authors: Coppin P. , Goossens R. , Dewispelaere W.
Published: July 2016

As old  forest inventory methods, based on questionnaires, become obsolete, a new  procedure using remote sensing techniques has been developed.     The objectives are fourfold:    1. Analysis of the forest situation in Flanders     2. Forest inventory methodology development     3. Creation of a forest management data bank     4. Production of base maps with high planimetric accuracy     Basic material consists of colour infrared 1/30000 transparencies. Photo  interpretation and processing is carried out using a Wild Aviopret APT-1  stereoscope and a Bausch & Lomb Zoom Transfer Scope.     The legend features species composition, development stage, ground cover  percentage, management practice and ownership.     Data from interpretation, field work and supplemental sources are presented  as a series of thematic overlays on a 1/5000 colour infrared  orthophotomap.    Numerical processing is executed on a PDP 11/44 microcomputer. A Wild  interactive graphic system (Synercom) is used for digitizing and area  calculation. Automatic map production is performed on a Wild TA 2 drawing  table.     Availability of stand boundaries in digital form enables generation of  thematic computer maps.
An analysis of a spontaneous ingrowth of deciduous trees in 70 year old stands of Scots pine
Authors: Lust N.
Published: July 2016

In 70  years old homogeneous Scots pine stands, bordered by a hardwood belt, an  analysis was made about the spontaneous ingrowth of natural seedlings. The  analysis involved especially the following points: species and stem number,  influence of the hardwood belts, diameter and height distribution, age,  growth and structure. From the age of 30 years, a spontaneous regeneration of  hardwoods established in Scots pine stands. There are on average 7,000 plants  per ha, 80 % of which are black cherry and another fair number are red oak  and pedunculate oak. The regeneration has an average age of 25 to 30 years,  it is uneven aged, contains several diameter and height classes and has  already partially penetrated the upper stratum.     The spontaneous ingrowth allows to convert in a simple way the homogeneous  coniferous stands into mixed hardwood stands.
The evolutionary learning algorithm in processing of ecological data, case-study: poplar tree-ring analysis
Authors: Beeckman H. , Vander Mijnsbrugge K.
Published: July 2016

(1)  Tree-rings are a challenge for modern ecological research dealing with 'time'  and 'complexity'.     (2) Machine learning appears to be an efficient tool to extract knowledge  from data sets showing a high degree of complexity.     (3) The software package PC/BEAGLE, using the evolutionary learning  algorithm, is able to find some high quality rules for Nelder design poplar  plantations.     (4) Poplar trees growing in thin stands show a strong negative temperature  signal.     (5) 'Beaupré' trees are almost always more massive than 'Unal' trees,  except for the first years after planting in the wider planting  distances.
Growth table for Corsican pine in Flanders (Belgium)
Authors: Meuleman B.
Published: July 2016

After  its introduction at the start of this century, the Corsican pine has become  an important forest tree in Flanders (Belgium). The total area covered by  Corsican pine is about 11.000 ha. Due to climatological factors it is  virtually absent from the Walloon part of Belgium. Despite the crisis in 1984  - 1986, practical experiences with its vitality and disease resistance are  generally positive. Compared to Scots pine which is native to Belgium, its  productivity and insensitivity for insect pests is large.     To quantify the productivity of Corsican pine, a growth table was  constructed using a method developed by PALM and DAGNELIE. It was based on  data from 321 temporarily and 80 permanent plots distributed over Flanders.  Five yield classes were distinguished according to dominant height at 50  years. For each yield class, a series of tables as a function of treatment  was constructed. Treatments were characterized by the mean annual  circumference increment.     These tables allow to predict the growth of Corsican pines. Such  predictions for the whole range of species are necessary for the development  of a good forestry policy and for timber industries. The tables also provide  information for any given Corsican pine stand that is helpful in practice:  expected productivity, stand density, determination of the felling quantum.      The data show that the productivity of Corsican pine is very high. The very  early culmination of the current annual volume increment and the rather  constant level of the mean annual volume increment after culmination are  interesting new findings. It is also shown that it is possible to work with  long rotation periods. This offers good opportunities for the production of  high quality wood and is also important for the social and ecological role of  the forest.     Productivity is lowest on very dry and sandy soils. A high productivity on  moderately dry sand and loamy sand soils and loamy soils make the Corsican  pine one of the most valuable tree species for the Kempen in Flanders.  Although productivity is very high on well drained sandy loam and loam soils,  plantation of Corsican pine on these locations is not advised.
Redundancy analysis and the evolutionary learning algorithm as complementary processing tools for dendrochronological data
Authors: Beeckman H. , Vander Mijnsbrugge K.
Published: July 2016

To  process dendrochronological data sets, mathematical techniques that can  handle complexity are needed. Two methods from the field of numerial ecology  are introduced in tree ring analysis: redundancy analysis (an eigenvector  method) and the evolutionary learning algorithm (a machine learning tool).  Both methods show to be appropriate for a stringent test case. Redundancy  analysis explains variance in tree ring data by environmental date revealing  main trends. The evolutionary learning algorithm can be applied to look for  unexpected strong environmental signals possibly departing from main  trends.
Waldwirtschaft und Naturschutz auf Weltveranstaltungen und in der Praxis
Authors: Lust N.
Published: July 2016

Die  U.N. Konferenz über Umwelt und Entwicklung hat nicht nur den Wald sondern  auch die Biodiversität stark betont. Die Fragen stellen sich wie das  Verhältnis zwischen Forstwirtschaft und Biodiversität aussieht und in welchem  Mass die Forstleute die Biodiversität in der Praxis berücksichtigen.  Biodiversität ist ein Schlagwort des Naturschutzes, aber nicht der  Forstwirtschaft. Diese Tatsache erklärt grösstenteils die Spannungsfelder  zwischen beiden Bereichen. Die Gemeinschaft erfordert eine grössere Biodiversität  im Wald. Das zu realisieren ist der künftige Auftrag der Waldwirtschaft. Es  gibt zweifellos noch viele Möglichkeiten um die Biodiversität im Wald zu  erhöhen und um die Harmonie zwischen Naturschutz und Waldwirtschaft  wiederherzustellen. Die künftige Waldwirtschaft soll naturgemäss sein, ohne  ihren besonderen Auftrag zu vernachlässigen.
Nachhaltigkeit und biodiversität von Strassburg über Rio nach Helsinki
Authors: Lust N.
Published: July 2016

Es  wird analysiert wie die Begriffe nachhaltige Waldbewirtschaftung und  Biodiversität sich in den letzten Jahren entwickelt haben und wie sie auf  drei sehr wichtigen Waldveranstaltungen, nämlich Strassburg (1990), Rio  (1992) und Helsinki (1993), dargestellt wurden.     Strassburg war rein forstwissenschaftlich, mit dem Themenschwerpunkt  Waldsterben infolge Luftverschmutzung und hauptsächlich auf Forschung  ausgerichtet.     Rio war eine Weltkonferenz nicht nur über Umwelt aber auch über Entwicklung,  in der die Waldwirtschaft eine eher unerwartet gros se Rolle gespielt hat.  Beabsichtigt war den tropischen Wald in dem Mittelpunkt zu stellen, aber  schliesslich wurden alle Waldtypen behandelt. Es war eine politische und  keine technische Versammlung, grösstenteils von Nichtwaldbauexperten  dominiert. Die Meinungsverschiedenheiten, hauptsächlich zwischen Norden und  Süden, waren sehr gross.     Helsinki kann eher als die Europäische Antwort auf Rio, dann als die  Nachfolge von Strass burg betrachtet werden. Nachhaltige Waldbewirtschaftung  ist ohne Zweifel das Schlüsselwort. Dieser Begriff wurde auf diese Weise in  Strassburg noch nicht verwendet. Auch der Inhalt und die Näherung des  Begriffes Biodiversität differiert stark von Strassburg zu Helsinki.
Evolution of biodiversity in homogeneous Scots pine stands by an ecologically diversified management
Authors: Lust N. , Muys B.
Published: July 2016

This  study evaluates three important parameters of biodiversity in first  generation Scots pine forests on sandy soils: herbal layer, natural  regeneration and stand structure. The research was undertaken in the Belgian  Campine Region, where the original oak-birch forest had been destroyed in the  course of time and finally been replaced by monocultures of Scots pine. These  pine forests are characterised by a low biodiversity. In maturing stands of  this type, however, a spontaneous increase of biodiversity is noticed.     Herbal species diversity is very limited in all age classes. Spontaneous  establishment of Scots pine seedlings is presently a widespread phenomenon in  aging stands. Different regeneration patterns are found. Mainly due to the  lengthening of the rotation in combination with the ingrowth of several  hardwood species, the homogeneous Scots pine stands are gradually and  spontaneously transformed into heterogeneous mixed stands, featuring a  noticeable increase of biodiversity.     Nevertheless, selected human interventions may further increase  biodiversity. The fundamental management principles are discussed: avoidance  of big disturbances, lengthening of the rotation period, use of native tree  species, utilization of natural regeneration, protection of small valuable  biotopes and permanent monitoring.
Towards the challenge of biodiversity in forests and forestry
Authors: Lust N. , Nachtergale L.
Published: July 2016

The  UNCED Convention on Biodiversity commits governments to report regularly on  the state of forest biodiversity. This includes the development of a system  of indicators. For indicators to be useful they should constitute a feedback  mechanism in the decision-making process. They should form a comprehensive  and integrated system.     Much of the discussions on possible forestry indicators revolve around the  identification of species-based and system-based indicators. The former  category includes the use of endangered or flagship species as well as  indicators of intraspecific variation. The latter category is intended to  cover measures of forest structure and composition, the use of vegetation  associations and ecological regionalizations, and measures of soil erosion or  nutrient loss. From those two long lists of biodiversity indicators, a short  list can be distilled, referring to the two major elements of the model  framework, viz. Drivers of Change and Attributes Inventoried and Monitored.      Despite the general objective of forest biodiversity conservation, it is  important to look closely at some of the current challenges that exists for  the future in forest management. In summary, changes in forestry practices  are heavily influenced by economic realities, particularly the supply/demands  variables. The shortage of information and knowledge implies that it will  take time and effort and many iterative revisions to improve and refine the  array of indicators that are required.
Photosynthesis measurements on adult trees: a comparison between field and laboratory measurements
Authors: Vande Walle L. , Schauwvliege M. , Samson R. , Mussche S. , Lemeur R.
Published: July 2016

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Evolution of soil acidity during the past 36 years (1960-1996) under coniferous forest in a region of high livestock production in Flanders
Authors: De Schrijver A. , Nachtergale L. , De Temmerman L. , Frechilla J. M.F. , Mussche S. , Lust N.
Published: July 2016

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Root length and distribution in the mineral soil of a mixed deciduous forest (experimental forest Aelmoeseneie)
Authors: Vande Walle L. , Willems S. , Lemeur R.
Published: July 2016

Root  length and root mass were studied in two different forest stands: an  oak-beech and an ash stand, both in the 'Aelmoeseneie' experimental forest at Gontrode, Belgium. In the oak-beech    stand, the length of the finest roots < 1 mm) was significantly higher  than the length of the other    diameter classes (1-2 and 2-5 mm) in the upper 60 cm of the mineral soil.  Because of large    variances, this significance could not be found in the ash forest. In this  ash forest type, the length    of the finest roots in the upper mineral soil layer (0-15 cm) was higher  than all the other lengths,    both considering the vertical root length distribution within the ash plot,  and comparing the ash plot    to the oak-beech stand. For the root mass, only the amount of roots with a  diameter between 2    and 5 mm in the upper mineral soil layer of the ash plot was significantly  higher than the others.    SpecifiC root length (m root/g D.M.) is calculated for both the oak-beech  and the ash plot. These    values can be used to convert biomass data into root length data, which  gives a better indication of    the water uptake capacity of the forest stand.
Effect of light and humus on survival and height growth of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) seedlings
Authors: Tabari M. , Lust M. , Neirynck J.
Published: July 2016

In  1997, 300 3-month-old ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) seedlings were removed out of the three    different humus types (100 seedlings from each humus type) in the  experimental forest of    Aelmoeseneie (University of Ghent) with a closed canopy, in north of  Belgium. Humus types were    described as active mull with pH of 5.3-6.5, acid mull with pH of 4.4-5.2  and moder mull with pH of    3.8-4.3. Seedlings were transplanted in plastic pots, filled by the  original soil, and placed under five    levels of light intensity (2.5, 10, 18,28 and 92%), inside and outside the  forest. Only with 92% light    intensity seedlings were watered as necessary to avoid any appreciable  water deficit.    The results after 1 growing season revealed that seedlings attained a very  high survival rate    (95.3%). Survival was the highest when seedlings grew under semi-closed  canopy (10, 18, and    28%) and also outside the forest at the 92% light intensity, compared with  those under closed    canopy (2.5%). It also confirmed that ash seedlings are shade tolerant, but  with little growth.    Height growth indicated an increasing growth response to nutrient  availability with increasing light    intensity. In fact, minimum height growth was observed in lower light  intensities (2.5 and 10%) and    the maximum value in higher light intensities (28 and 92%). Height growth  of ash seedlings    increased at humus types of active and acid mull, compared with moder  mull.    At the end of the first growing season, lack of differences in survival  rate and height growth,    produced under 18, 28 and 92% light intensity, revealed that training the  seedlings under semiclosed    canopy (18 and 26%) has a preference to those under relatively full  daylight (92%)    associated with watering. Therefore, the first year observations showed  that ash seedlings, either in    view of stem quality and growth or with regard to the facilities of  maintenance, are preferable to be    trained under intermediate light intensities (preferably 28%), at the high  nutritional humus (active    and acid mull).
Implementation of criteria for sustainable forest management
Authors: Lust N. , Nachtergale L.
Published: July 2016

Resolution  H1 of the Second Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in  Europe    defined sustainable forest management. Resolution L2 of the third  conference in Lisbon    adopted the Pan-European operational level guidelines for sustainable  forest management.    These guidelines are designed for sub-national applications at a practical  level. They should be    applied in the context of, and in full respect to, national and/or regional  instruments and actions.    They are directly based on the resolutions H1 and H2 and they follow the  structure of the six    pan-European criteria that were identified as the core elements of  sustainable forest    management.    The paper implements the six criteria by proposing and developing for each  criteria a number of    key issues that should be kept in mind for the realization of sustainable  forestry at the field level.    Altogether, 39 items are presented, such as forest maintenance,  profitability, exploitation    techniques, enhancement of biodiversity, native tree species, dead wood and  old trees,    participation, etc.    The major problem remains the assessment of sustainable forest management.  There is a lack    of knowledge. Sustainable forest management requires that no big  shortcomings on a large    area occur for each of the criteria. Sustainable forest management is a  process of continuous    improvement.
Involving private forest owners in the sustainable use of forests: a case study for Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Van der Aa B. , Huvenne P. , Muys B. , Lust N.
Published: July 2016

The  main features of the forest landscape in Flanders (Belgium) are the relative  small area    forested (only 10% of the land), the large proportion of privately owned  forests (70%) and the    high degree of fragmentation of these forests (average owned area of 1 ha).  This situation    makes the implementation of a policy aiming at the promotion of sustainable  management and    conservation of natural values in Flemish private forests extremely  difficult.    The Flemish forest administration prepared a concrete strategy towards a  close to nature type    of management in public forests. It was decided to promote this type of  forest management also in private forests, but without making it compulsory. As a consequence, other strategies had to    be found to involve private forest owners into a more sustainable forest  management. The aim    of this paper is to show some examples of such strategies, their success  and their failure. The    findings might be inspiring for regions with recently privatized forest  resources. In this regard,    the specific opportunities of both private and public initiatives should be  stressed. Effective    sustainability of forest resources will be reached in those circumstances  where initiatives are    based on trust, communication and stakeholder management. Valuable  bottom-up approaches    arising from the private owners themselves should be especially  strenghtened.
Regeneration dynamics in an alluvial dense ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) stand
Authors: Tabari M. , Lust N. , Nachtergale L.
Published: July 2016

Broadleaves  regeneration dynamics and the succession mechanism were studied within  a    transect of 14 m x 56 m in a dense 80-year-old ash stand situated on an  alluvial soil. For this    purpose, abundance and height of all naturally regenerated species at  different development    stages were analyzed and their distribution over the juvenile and older  growth stages    determined.    The study reveals that from the main broadleaved tree species, Quercus robur and Fagus    sylvatica regeneration scarcely occur at any  growth stages. No Fraxinus excelsior regeneration,    except 1 unit, taller than sapling (1.5-4 m) can be found on this soil  type. On the contrary, Acer    pseudoplatanus represents different development  stages (seedling, sapling, thicket, small pole    and large pole) and in stand patches where an understorey is practically  lacking, its    regeneration is well developed. Results generally show that at the juvenile  and older growth    stages Acer proceeds Fraxinus and regeneration is largely  dominated by the invasive Acer. It is    expected that this succession process will continue and that Acer will overcome in the    overstorey and even gradually form an almost single-species dominating  stage. Direct    interventions are unavoidable in order to regulate the primary mixture  patterns.
Results of a forest species trial in an arboretum of North Greece
Authors: Zagas T. D. , Ganatsas P. P.
Published: July 2016

This  study deals with the survival, growth and silvicultural characteristics of  some exotic,    Mediterranean and native species planted in the Vassilika Arboretum, North  Greece (South Europe) under Mediterranean climatic conditions. The results obtained 25 years after trial    establishment showed that, from the ten species planted only the native  species Pinus    halepensis, Pinus brutia, Cupressus sempervirens  and to a lesser extent Pinus pinea and one    east Mediterranean but not native in Greece  Cedrus libani, managed to show a good result.  The    fast growing exotic species (Pinus radiata,  Eucalyptus globulus) showed good growth in  the early years, but a low survival rate after 25 years. Species outside of the floristic zone Pinus    nigra and Pinus  sylvestris presented very low growth and finally  died due to harsh climatic    conditions.
Experiences with participatory approaches in the forestry field in Flanders
Authors: Lust N.
Published: July 2016

Participation  into the forestry decision making is in Flanders not to be considered as a  real new    fact. A number of important forestry topics can be mentioned; whereby  participation played a    role: (1) forest legislation and forest policy; (2) management plans; (3)  National Forest Plan; (4)    criteria for sustainable forestry; (5) the Spatial Structure Plan Flanders;  (6) establishment of    urban forests.    The Forest administration, the Flemish Supreme Forestry Council, forest  owners, forest    associations and scientific institutes are well known internal actors,  whereas the agricultural    sector and the nature conservation sector are the most salient external  actors.    However, a distinction must be made between participation and external  pressure. Real    participation supposes that it is institutionalized and that it is  considered as a normal fact. Today,    the pressure behind the screen is very great and the real decision making  obviously occurs    there. At least the impression exists that external actors such as the  economic sector, the nature    sector and the agricultural sector, which are often not directly involved  in the forest decision    making, pIesently ore determine many forest policy topics than the forestry  sector itself.    Besides, participation is not a priori a basis of success.
A bankválságok szerepe a külföldi bankok terjeszkedésében
Authors: Papp Istvan
Published: July 2016

Az 1990-es években a külföldi bankok jelenléte látványosan növekedett világszerte, s különösen azokban az országokban volt dinamikus a terjeszkedésük, amelyek korábban nem képezték empirikus kutatások tárgyát. Tanulmányunk a világ 77 országában vizsgálta meg a külföldi bankok jelenlétét befolyásoló tényezőket. Empirikus eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a külföldi bankok terjeszkedésében fontos szerepe van az adott országban eszközölt FDI nagyságának, valamint a helyi piaci lehetőségeknek. Elemzésünkben empirikusan teszteltünk egy új magyarázóváltozót (bankválság), amelynek bevezetésével kiterjesztettük a korábbi kutatások eredményeit, ugyanis számításaink arra engednek következtetni, hogy azokban az országokban, amelyekben előfordult bankválság a 90-es évtizedben, ott magasabb a külföldi bankok aránya a helyi bankszektorban. Éppen ezért, ennek az új magyarázóváltozónak az alkalmazását célszerű megfontolni minden olyan esetben, amikor a külföldi bankok terjeszkedésének okait vizsgáljuk.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: G21.
Mesélj a múltról és megmondom neked a jövőt!? - A technikai analízis hatásoságának vizsgálata a Budapesti Értéktőzsdén
Authors: Farago Adam
Published: July 2016

A technikai analízis a tőzsdei árfolyamok jövőbeli mozgásának előrejelzésére szolgáló módszer. Egy adott pénzügyi termék árának múltbeli alakulásából próbál következtetéseket levonni a jövőben várható eseményekre vonatkozóan. Még nem alakult ki egységesen elfogadott álláspont a technikai analízis hatásosságát illetően sem a gyakorlati, sem pedig a tudományos irodalomban. Jelen tanulmányban azt vizsgálom, hogy a technikai elemzés egyes módszerei hatásosak voltak-e a Budapesti Értéktőzsdén 1999 és 2005 között. Első lépésben a teljes, hétéves időszakra vonatkozóan tesztelem, hogy akadtak-e hatásosnak minősüíthető indikátorok. Ezután a hétéves periódus elemzése során felmerülő aggályok miatt azt tanulmányozom, hogyan alakul a hatásosság megítélése ezen kereskedési stratégiák esetében, ha rövidebb, egyéves időszakokat veszek figyelembe. Az eredmények alapján azt lehet megállapítani, hogy érdemes elvégezni a rövid távú vizsgálatokat, mert árnyaltabb képet nyújtanak a technikai analízis sikerességét illetően. A hosszú távú vizsgálatok eredményei azt bizonyítják, hogy léteznek hatásos kereskedési stratégiák. A rövid távú elemzés azonban megmutatja, hogy ha közelebbről vizsgáljuk meg ezen indikátorok teljesítményét, a hatásosságuk már erősen megkérdőjelezhető.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kódok: G14, G15