bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVOLUSI DECENTRALIZED EXCHANGE (DEX): TINJAUAN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MELALUI ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION (EO) VIEW
Authors: Levina Priscilla , Siti Sundari Made , Winarto Santoso Henrycus
Published: February 2022

Revolusi dunia kripto yang semakin cepat menimbulkan banyaknya inovasi baru salah satunya Decentralized Exchange (DEX). DEX diciptakan sebagai solusi pengganti pihak ketiga dalam dunia finansial untuk transaksi yang lebih cepat, aman dan murah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis sistem revolusioner DEX serta analisis sumber keunggulan kompetitif bisnis DEX pada keunggulan kompetitif melalui sudut pandang Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) di antara pesaingnya yaitu Uniswap, Pancake Swap, dan Sushi Swap. Objek penelitian DEX yang digunakan yaitu Shiba Swap yang menerapkan lima aspek dalam keunggulan kompetitif berupa tingkat pengembalian, komunitas terdesentralisasi, keamanan, kapitalisasi pasar, dan biaya transaksi yang rendah. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan paradigma post-postivisme dengan Simple Research Design (SRD). Pengujian data menggunakan deskripsi yang merupakan hasil observasi partisipasi sebagian. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa Shiba Swap memiliki keunggulan kompetitif yang lebih tinggi dari pada Uniswap, Pancake Swap, dan Sushi Swap
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KOMPOSISI CAMPURAN BETON MUTU K-300 ANTARA BETON TANPA ADDITIVE DAN BETON MENGGUNAKAN ADDITIVE TIPE C MERK SIKACIM CONCRETE ADDITIVE DENGAN AGREGAT KASAR DESA SUNGAI DUA KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU DAN AGREGAT HALUS DESA SUNGUP KABUPATEN KOTA BARU KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Permatasari Sylvina
Published: February 2022

Penelitian dengan penambahan zat cair merk Sikacim Tipe C, dengan proses penambahan zat cair Sikacim yaitu dengan mencampurkan zat cair Sikacim ke dalam air. Material yang digunakan dalam pembuatan sampel beton ini berasal dari Kotabaru yaitu pasir diambil dari Desa Sungup dan kerikil dari Desa Sungai Dua Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu, air dari PDAM Kotabaru, semen Tiga Roda yang diproduksi oleh PT. Indocement Tunggal Prakasa, Tbk dan zat cair sikacim diproduksi oleh PT. Wibawa Putra Utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik/spesifikasi dari material tersebut dengan tambahan zat cair sikacim. Untuk pelaksanaan penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental di laboratorium. Mix design semen Tiga Roda, agregat halus Desa Sungup dan agregat kasar Desa Sungai Dua sesuai dengan mutu yang disyaratkan untuk 1m3 beton adalah semen 454,86 kg/m3, agregat halus Desa Sungup 608,6 kg/m3, agregat kasar Desa Sungai Dua 993,2 kg/m3 dan air sebanyak 218,33 Liter. Mix design semen Tiga Roda, agregat halus Desa Sungup, agregat kasar Desa Sungai Dua serta menggunakan additive tipe C merk Sikacim Concrete Additive sesuai dengan mutu yang disyaratkan untuk 1m3 beton adalah semen 454,86 kg/m3, agregat halus Desa Sungup 608,6 kg/m3, agregat kasar Desa Sungai Dua 993,2 kg/m3, 174,67 Liter dan zat additive sebanyak 272,91 ml.            Dari hasil penelitian mengenai jenis agregat halus Desa Sungup dan agregat Kasar Desa Sungai Dua terhadap kuat tekan beton antara beton tanpa additive dan beton yang menggunakan additive tipe C merk Sikacim Concrete Additive yaitu Mix design semen Tiga Roda, agregat halus Desa Sungup dan agregat kasar Desa Sungai Dua sesuai dengan mutu beton yang disyaratkan yaitu K-300 menghasilkan kuat tekan 300,30 kg/cm2. Dari hasil pengujian sudah dapat memenuhi mutu yang direncanakan pada kuat tekan dan Mix design semen Tiga Roda, agregat halus Desa Sungup dan agregat kasar Desa Sungai Dua serta menggunakan additive tipe C merk Sikacim Concrete Additive sesuai dengan mutu beton yang disyaratkan yaitu K-300 menghasilkan kuat tekan 215,85 kg/cm2. Dari hasil pengujian masih belum dapat memenuhi mutu beton yang direncanakan pada kuat tekan
ANALISIS SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIS BETON PASCA BAKAR
Authors: Dewi Sari Utama , Jaya Fery Hendi , Khairil M. Ade
Published: February 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dan mekanik beton pasca bakar untuk beton K-225, K250 dan K-300 dengan waktu pembakaran selama 3 jam, 6 jam dan 9 jam dan temperatur 2000C. Dari hasil penelitian pada waktu pembakaran 3 jam didapat kuat tekan menurun sebesar 19,236 %, 7,96 % pada K-225 dan K-250 dari kekuatan awal beton, sedangkan pada K-300 beton semakin naik dan kuat sebesar 13,454 % dari kekuatan awal beton. Pada waktu pembakaran 6 jam kuat tekan beton pada K-225 dan K-250 menurun sebesar 24,076 % dan 17,641 % dari kekuatan awal beton. Sedangkan pada waktu pembakaran 9 jam, kuat tekan beton pada K-300 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 2,255 %. kuat tekan terbesar berada pada K-250 sebesar 202,490 kg/cm2. Artinya beton semakin lemah dan kuat tekan beton berturut-turut menurun sebesar 18,939 %, 19,899 % dan 17,287 % dari kekuatan awal beton. Untuk porositas beton dengan waktu pembakaran 3 jam dapat dilihat bahwa semakin meningkat mutu beton, porositas semakin bertambah. Porositas beton dengan waktu pembakaran 6 jam dapat diliat bahwa semakin meningkat mutu beton, porositas semakin bertambah tetapi pada mutu beton K-300 nilai porositas menurun. Sedangkan porositas beton dengan waktu pembakaran dapat diliat bahwa semakin meningkat mutu beton, porositas semakin bertambah tetapi pada mutu beton K-300 nilai porositas menurun
OPTIMASI SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIS BATAKO MENGGUNAKAN SEKAM PADI
Authors: Ardiansyah Dafit , Amran Yusuf , Dewi Sari Utama
Published: February 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan bahan susun dan proses produksi batu bata sekam padi yang dicetak secara manual tanpa mesin dengan memenuhi standar SNI 03-0349-1989 tentang bata beton atau batako. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen yang dimulai dari penyelidikan blok bangunan, pembuatan batu bata dan pengujiannya. Bahan bata susun antara lain semen, pasir, dan sekam padi dicampur dalam berbagai variasi metode, pencetakan dilakukan secara manual tanpa bantuan mesin sesuai SNI 03-0349-1989, pengujian dilakukan terhadap kuat tekan dan bata resapan air dengan semen bahan susun: pasang, sekam padi dengan perbandingan 1:8:5% akan menghasilkan kuat tekan tertinggi pada umur tujuh hari dengan penambahan 1% sekam padi sebesar 82.469 kg/cm2, pada umur dua puluh delapan hari dengan penambahan sekam padi 2% sebesar 78.025 kg/cm2, dan kuat tekan batu bata di pasaran sebesar 23.704 kg/cm2. sedangkan syarat lulus benda uji menurut SNI 03-0349-1989 adalah 25 kg/cm2
Eficiencia en entidades bancarios. El caso argentino 2004 – 2016
Authors: Seffino Mario , Hoyos Maldonado Daniel
Published: February 2022

El presente trabajo plantea un análisis de eficiencia en el sector bancario argentino utilizando las técnicas de Envolvente de Datos y Análisis de Frontera Estocástica. Se utilizan datos de 35 entidades correspondientes al período 2004-2016. Los resultados indican que, en promedio, los bancos son más eficientes adoptando un perfil más transaccional. Dicha eficiencia aumenta considerablemente entre 2004 y 2010 aunque desde 2010 la eficiencia técnica se ha estancado. Finalmente, existe una baja asociación entre el ordenamiento de entidades obtenido mediante la aplicación de las técnicas mencionadas y el que surge de los informes del Banco Central de la República Argentina, permitiendo inferir que los resultados obtenidos no son redundantes y podrían enriquecer dicho análisis.
Forecasting crop yields through climate variables using mixed frequency data. The case of Argentine soybeans
Authors: Cornejo Magdalena
Published: February 2022

This article evaluates the value of information on climate variables published in advance and at a higher frequency than the target variable of interest -crop yields- in order to get short-term forecasts. Aggregate and disaggregate climate data, alternative weighting schemes and di erent updating schemes are used to evaluate forecasting performance. This study focuses on the case of soybean yields in Argentina. Results show that models including high frequency weather data outperformed particularly during the three consecutive compaigns after 2008/09 when soybean yield decreased almost by 50%. Furthermore, forecast combinations showed a better forecasting performance than individual forecasting models.
Ecocídios no Brasil
Authors: Treméa Ana Caroline , Veiga Júnior João Carlos Valentim
Published: February 2022

Nos últimos anos, o Brasil tem sofrido cada vez mais os impactos decorrentes de desastres ambientais de grandes proporções, sejam eles de origem natural ou provocados por ação humana, os chamados ecocídios. Nesse contexto, evidencia-se o rompimento da Barragem do Fundão, da Mineradora Samarco, na cidade de Mariana (2015) e da Barragem da Mina do Córrego do Feijão, da Mineradora Vale, na cidade de Brumadinho (2019), ambos no estado de Minas Gerais. A Constituição Federal, em seu artigo 225, §3º, dispõe sobre o dever de responsabilização daqueles que, de qualquer modo, concorrem para a ocorrência de danos ambientais, podendo esta responsabilização ocorrer tanto na esfera civil, quanto na administrativa e penal. Ocorre que, no que tange à responsabilidade administrativa por omissão fiscalizatória estatal, a jurisprudência das Cortes Superiores não é uniforme quanto a sua natureza, ora decidindo pela corrente objetiva, ora pela subjetiva. Assim, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar como se dá a responsabilização, na seara administrativa e civil, dos responsáveis por ecocídios no Brasil. Para tanto, pauta-se   na   metodologia   exploratória-descritiva, tendo abordagem qualitativa. Procedimentalmente, a   pesquisa se desenvolve sob o aspecto bibliográfico-documental, por analisar a legislação e bibliografia. Inicialmente, apresenta-se a evolução histórica do termo ecocídio. Na sequência, mostra-se o que é a como se aplica a responsabilização administrativa nos desastres ambientais. Posteriormente, aborda-se a responsabilização por omissão fiscalizatória estatal nos casos de Mariana e Brumadinho.
Small Volume of Rabies Immunoglobulin (RIG) is Effective for Local Wound Infiltration in Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis whereas Intramuscular RIG is just a Wastage
Authors:   State Epidemiologist, State Institute of Health & Family Welfare, Kasumpti, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, Bharti Omesh Kumar
Published: February 2022

Rabies is a zoonosis that is 100% fatal once symptoms of the disease appear. However, it is almost 100% preventable if the prophylactic measures with proper wound wash, vaccines and immunoglobulins are taken soon after exposure to the animal bite. A general tendency has been noticed among clinicians all over the world to inject Rabies Immunoglobulins (RIG) intramuscularly, mostly in the gluteal muscle, despite the guidelines that suggest infiltrating it into the wounds. This has resulted in failures of Post Exposure Prophylaxis in many countries leading to the death of patients due to rabies. Here we discuss how giving any amount or even large amount of RIG intramuscularly (IM) is not going to neutralise rabies virus at the wound site especially during the window period, exposing the patients to the risk of rabies, whereas a small volume of RIG injected into the wound(s) is a lifesaving intervention as it neutralises the virus there and then in the wound(s) especially during the initial window period when the exposed person is unprotected, as the response to concurrent vaccination may take 10-14 days after exposure/ bite.
A Study of Acute Kidney Injury among the Patients with Snakebite in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors:   Civil Assistant Surgeon Specialist, MBBS, MD (Internal Medicine), CHC, Seethampeta, Andhra Pradesh, India, Kuma Kadubandi Sunil
Published: February 2022

Background: The clinical presentation of a snakebite victim varies with the age and size of the patient, the species of snake, the number and location of the bites, the quantity and toxicity of the venom. The exact pathogenesis of Acute kidney injury (AKI) following snakebite is not well established, due to the lack of a reproducible animal model. The factors that may contribute are:direct cytotoxicity, bleeding, hypotension, circulatory collapse, intravascular hemolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA). Objective:To analyze various factors, influencing the outcome in patients of snakebite with acute kidney injury. Materials and Method: The present prospective study was conducted in the Department of Emergency Medicine at M S Rammaih Medical College Bengaluru from August 2017 to September 2018. A total of 100 study subjects who met the inclusion criteria (patients with history of snakebite presenting with acute kidney injury) were included in the study. Patients underwent physical examination daily. Pulse rate, blood pressure, urine output, respiratory rate and features of envenomation were monitored daily. Blood specimen was taken every day till discharge or death to measure sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, bleeding time, clotting time, platelets and for patients undergoing dialysis, pre-dialysis and post-dialysis urea and creatinine was measured for each cycle. Results: Age, Gender, and Presence of Cellulitis does not influence the mortality in patients with Acute Kidney Injury. Early therapy with Anti-snake venom was associated with better outcome in terms of mortality. Early institution of dialysis had definite favourable outcome in Acute Kidney Injury. All patients with Acute Kidney Injury showed autopsy findings of renal involvement. Conclusion: In the present study, viper bite accounted for definite acute kidney injury. Major risk factors linked with adverse outcome in snakebite with Acute Kidney Injury were hypotension, bleeding manifestations and delayed specific therapy with anti-snake venom.
Where have all the heathers gone?
Authors: Nelson Charles , Pirie Michael
Published: February 2022

Heathers have been cultivated for several centuries, both the hardy heaths (Calluna, Daboecia and Erica) from the northern hemisphere and the more frost-tender species of Erica from southern Africa known as Cape heaths. In the late 19th century, a number of heather gardens were created, especially in Britain, and the popularity of heathers as long-lasting garden plants reached its zenith in western Europe and temperate North America in the late 20th century. At about the same time, deliberate breeding and selecting of Calluna vulgaris (ling) for flowers that lack normal sexual parts and remain bud-like led to a revolution in heather production with tens of millions of these bud-bloomer Calluna propagated each year for an ephemeral trade dominated by throwaway plants. Concomitantly, the diversity of hardy heathers offered by the trade has declined sharply with a small number of artificially raised clones, protected by plant breeders’ rights, now dominating the market. In contrast, the discovery of living lineages of a few Erica species that are extinct in the wild in South Africa has led to successful reintroduction programmes, particularly of Erica verticillata. The Erica Conservation Consortium, inaugurated in 2020, aims to coordinate and prioritise ex situ conservation of endangered Cape heaths.
How Well Can Architecture Students Comprehend the Site as Design Context without Performing On-site Observation?
Authors: Lukman Aldyfra Luhulima , Sahid Sahid
Published: February 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has forced daily activities, including educational activities, to prevent or minimize the transmission or spread of the disease caused by a coronavirus. Online architecture education demands significant adjustments in the embedded learning methods, especially those that entail architecture design studio. An architecture design studio that commonly involves direct interaction in physical spaces should be performed through online media and computer screens. Architecture students' comprehension of site or design contexts is usually formed by collecting information through on-site observation.  In an online architecture design studio, an on-site survey is replaced by observing visual representation of the site. This study aims to identify how well architecture students in architecture design studios can comprehend the site when they have to rely on data acquired from virtual observation and/or on secondary data and how beneficial the comprehension to their design process is. Students' understanding of the site was measured with thirteen attributes of the site. It can be concluded that when architecture students depend on mere audio and/or visual data collected from the internet and/or other people, without visiting the site, they tend to have partial comprehension regarding the site as context. Contextual and responsive design demands a comprehensive understanding of all attributes of the site. The architecture design studio should incorporate on-site observation concerning the site according to the health protocol, so that the architecture students involved in the studio can have a better understanding of the site and create more contextual and responsive designs
Architectural Representation of Postcolonial in New Order Era Case Study: Padepokan Pencak Silat Indonesia
Authors: Sari Novianti Mawar , Kurniawan Kemas Ridwan
Published: February 2022

The aim and objective of this research is to elaborate on architectural representation in postcolonial practices in the New Order era. I describe the term postcolonial in this research as practices followed by leadership in society. The method of this research is using qualitative method with historical explanation starting from the architecture itself, then to the representation, space, nationalism, and power relations. The final of this research I explain with Padepokan Pencak Silat Indonesia as a case study in the New Order era. Later in this research I found that Padepokan Pencak Silat Indonesia proved to be an architectural representation in the New Order era with used the constructionist approach. I also mentioned in this research about the importance of power relations in the development of Padepokan Pencak Silat Indonesia with the contribution of those who have the authority to run the New Order era.
Teaching English online based on the experience of the “AZS” Language School in Szczytno
Authors: Daszewska Anna
Published: February 2022

The article examines four major research problems related to the activities of the “AZS” Language School during the COVID-19 pandemic and attempts to answer four research questions. Altogether, 73 people participated in the survey conducted in February 2021. The tools for the study were: the analysis of company documents, survey questionnaires and in-depth questions. The study of the research questions is provided with the theoretical foundations of e-learning, the origins of e-learning in Poland, teaching English online, as well as the conclusion, bibliography, appendices, and summary.
Kultura w czasie pandemii. Rekonesans dotyczący pierwszych miesięcy funkcjonowania technologicznie zapośredniczonej muzyki w warunkach izolacji
Authors: Okólski Marek , Nożyński Szymon
Published: February 2022

Artykuł skupia się na funkcjonowaniu muzyki w sytuacji pandemicznej izolacji. Zawiera przykłady zapośredniczonej technologicznie dźwiękowej aktywności, zarówno po stronie twórców, jak i odbiorców. W polu zainteresowania autorów znalazły się między innymi: homerecording, amatorskie teledyski, domowe covery i wszelkie inne wykonania online, formuła one-man band, pandemiczne playlisty, akcje internetowe oraz lockdown versions, jako nowe zjawisko muzyczne w sieci. W tekście przedstawiono wiele spostrzeżeń związanych z funkcjonowaniem kultury muzycznej, wystrzegano się sądów krytyczno-wartościujących względem muzyki.
Wpływ pandemii na branżę beauty. Analiza komunikacji marek sektora beauty w mediach społecznościowych
Authors: Nessler Sylwia , Paszek Agata
Published: February 2022

Pandemia wirusa SARS-CoV-2 zatrzymała gospodarkę i wymusiła jej całkowitą reorganizację. Branże kreatywne każdego dnia walczą o podtrzymanie produkcji, zachowanie ciągłości finansowej i przeorganizowanie swoich struktur tak, aby dostosować się do prężnie rozwijającej się sprzedaży w trybie online. Te zmiany spowodowały wzrost znaczenia social mediów, influencer marketingu i e-commerce. Praca została oparta na analizie zmian, które zaszły w branży modowej podczas pandemii. Analizie poddano działania marek z branży modowej i sektora beauty w kampaniach internetowych i na kanałach w social mediach.
Digital competence of higher education professors:
Authors: Santos Cassio , Pedro Neuza , Mattar João
Published: February 2022

This article aims to analyse the differences associated with the variables of teaching and institutional nature in the level of proficiency of teachers in digital competences, using the DigCompEdu framework as theoretical reference. A quantitative approach was used and the data collection strategy was based on an online survey. The sample was composed of 846 Portuguese higher education professors linked to 37 universities and 76 polytechnic institutes. The results indicate that characteristics such as working at PhD program level, teaching online and being linked to polytechnic institutes are associated with higher levels of digital competence.
O compliance e a nova gestão pública como uma tentativa de prevenção e combate à corrupção
Authors: Bandeira Pereira Adriane , Martinez Perez Filho Augusto , Bonotto Barboza Ricardo Augusto
Published: February 2022

Ao longo da história, notadamente após as guerras mundiais, foram testados modelos de administração pública, buscando-se cada vez mais eficiência, controle de gastos, transparência, responsabilidade e integridade. Ao mesmo tempo, escândalos de corrupção assolam as sociedades modernas, perplexas e desconfiadas. O compliance público, cujas bases foram tomadas de empréstimo da governança corporativa, surge como opção promissora para mitigar fraudes e irregularidades administrativas, moralizando o serviço público. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem por objetivo a análise, por meio da revisão bibliográfica, do compliance público, em especial seu alcance, indagando se os desafios de implantação podem ser superados. Passando pelos sistemas já utilizados, pelos principais elementos do compliance e, por fim, pela sua aplicação ao Direito Público, conclui-se, ao final do trabalho, que os resultados são promissores, sinalizando pela necessidade de profunda transformação cultural de todos os atores sociais.
PABLO BOCZKOWSKI: FOR THE REVISION OF THEORIES AND A NEW FOCUS ON AUDIENCES
Authors: Crispim da Fontoura Marcelo
Published: February 2022

Pablo Boczkowski, professor at Northwestern University, has an influential career in Journalism Studies. In his first book, Digitizing the News, Boczkowski has described the early efforts of newsrooms to deal with digital media. His latest book, Abundance, is based on 158 interviews with media consumers in Argentina and analyzes how they establish routines and strategies over media. In this interview, Boczkowski discusses his legacy, the challenges that a new information environment poses to classic theories, and his focus on the research of audiences.
SYSTEMATIC DISINFORMATION: THE SPREAD OF MISLEADING INFORMATION AS A COLLECTIVE DYNAMIC ON TWITTER
Authors: Soares Felipe Bonow
Published: February 2022

Disinformation is a worldwide problem and has been a key scholarship in the last few years. This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion on how disinformation spread on social media. This study uses a mixed-methods approach (Social Network Analysis, Connected Concept Analysis and Content Analysis) to analyze four political discussions on Twitter. The results show a structure of asymmetric polarization, in which one group (that supported Bolsonaro in the 2018 Brazilian elections) is strongly associated with disinformation spread. In addition, this study identifies a collective dynamic in disinformation spread as the volume of disinformation floats similarly for different levels of users depending on the context of the discussion analyzed. Based on these results, the idea of “systematic disinformation” is discussed.
Perfumes and associated allergens: A brief review
Authors: Mahajan Vikram K
Published: February 2022

A perfume (Latin, perfumare for smoke through) is essentially a cosmetic product to be used on the human body for its pleasing scent to mask body odor and have a feeling of freshness. A perfume is composed of fragrances which are aromatic compounds and essential oils, and solvents and fixatives. These fragrances are chemicals or are derived mostly from botanical sources. A perfume that usually consists of a few to hundreds of fragrance materials remains a major source of contact allergy from them. Everyone comes in contact with fragrance materials in daily life either directly from the application of a product to the skin, mostly cosmetics, or occasionally after contact with fragrance-containing household or other personal care products. Cosmetics and personal care products such as personal perfume(s), deodorant, aftershave lotion/gel, eau de cologne, and eau de toilette with the highest ever concentrations of fragrances remain the major source of contact sensitivity from fragrances. The adverse effects associated with the use of perfumes are both allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, pigmented contact dermatitis, phototoxicity and photoallergy, and contact urticaria. Systemic toxicity may also occur following inhalation and ingestion of fragrance(s) causing respiratory illness, headache, and attacks of migraine. However, allergic contact dermatitis and pigmented contact dermatitis remain by far the commonest cutaneous adverse effects. Colophony, Myroxylon pereirae, lanolin, formaldehyde, vanillin, musk mix, rose oil, cetostearyl alcohol, and more than 160 fragrances, both single and complex mixtures of chemicals (methyl ionones), or essential oils (Evernia furfuracea (treemoss) extract, E. prunastri (oakmoss) extract, Ferula galbaniflua gum, Narcissus poeticus flower extract, and Viola odorata leaf extract) have caused cosmetic contact sensitivity in most instances. Ylang-ylang oil, jasmine absolute, Cananga oil, benzyl salicylate, hydroxyl citronellal, sandalwood, and geraniol are common fragrances to cause pigmentary changes. This review highlights the composition of perfumes and constituent fragrances identified commonly as allergens. A brief insight is also provided for the diagnosis of allergic contact sensitivity from fragrances and present safety regulatory status.
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: Ultra-sensitive Detection Technique of Long-lived Radionuclides
Authors: Synal Hans-Arno
Published: February 2022

An introduction is given to accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) technology, to the fundamental measurement principles, and the physics aspects behind the design constrain of AMS instruments. This article shall give an overview on technical design constraints of AMS instrumentation, general ion optical principles, and nuclide specific problems. The historic development of AMS detection techniques is briefly summarized. The wide variety of applications connected to the AMS technology are not discussed.
CLASSIFICATION APPROACHES FOR MESOLOGY SYSTEMS: SPATIAL-BRANCH ASPECT
Authors: Freidman Oksana Anatolyevna
Published: February 2022

The role and types of mezzo-economic systems are considered, their place in the classification of economic systems. Management of logistics systems as part of mezo-economic have their own peculiarities of formation and management. The effectiveness of managing logistic systems of associations of organizations depends on the form of their formation. The author proposes an extended classification of logistics systems created in the framework of mezo-economic ones, examples of identification of mezzo-logistic’s systems in the economy at the sectoral and territorial levels are given, which allows further selection of management methods.
Multimodal Freight Transport Planning: A Toolbox Supporting Stakeholders’ Collaboration
Authors: Cichosz Marzenna
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to analyse the planning of chemical transports’ shift from road to the more complex multimodal freight transport, and presents a toolbox developed to support the stakeholders in the process. In literature the research problem of multimodal freight transport planning is analysed mainly from mathematical models’ perspective. There is a lack of studies focused on multimodal transport chain collaboration and the tools supporting it. Within the framework of research conducted during the ChemMultimodal „Promotion of Multimodal Transport in Chemical Logistics” project, within INTERREG Central Europe Programme, the research team identified challenges related to modal shifts in the chemical industry, and next developed the toolbox addressing these challenges and supporting stakeholders’ collaboration on multimodal chemical freight transport planning. The toolbox embraces: (1) consulting services, (2) planning guidelines, (3) the Intermodal Links platform, which suggests intermodal connections between two points, and (4) a CO2 calculator. Conclusions from the first pilot tests showed the necessity of a complex approach to the process of modal shift planning. Transport managers testing the toolbox the most appreciated the consulting services, which include a marketing platform integrating chemical producers and distributors, logistics companies, carriers, terminal operators, rail network operators and others. This platform is used to share information on current transport patterns, existing potentials, and possible actions to establish and promote modal shift.
Loads and Road Design for Intermodal Container Terminals with Untypical Heavy Load Traffic
Authors: Majer Stanisław , Budziński Bartosz , Gardas Przemysław
Published: February 2022

There is a high demand in Poland for new intermodal container terminals. Increased rate of freight transport requires however new solutions for durable roads. Intermodal operations are carried out by swap bodies, trailers or most often containers. The intermodal terminals play the function of a storage, transportation and handling of the containers. The road surfaces within the terminals are exposed to different types of loads due to untypical types of transportation that operates on them. New types of roads demand new design methods that consider loads applied by special types of vehicles (container cranes, types of forklifts called reach-stackers). They also need to consider the method of container stacking, where the local forces can reach up to 1400 kN. The article presents typical loads that can be found in intermodal terminals, including the storing area and maneuvering aisles. The article presents also typical materials used for road construction, as well as method of dimensioning that incorporates different exposure factors. The method allows to design load-bearing and durable road surfaces. The calculations were performed for materials typically used in road construction, as well as in industrial flooring. The study presents a case study calculation of a parking lot designed for heavy load trucks.
Selected Issues on Transport of Dangerous and Oversize Goods
Authors: Bugayko Dmytro , Popkowski Tadeusz
Published: February 2022

The material contained in this study is a signal of the key issues of transport safety in the area of ​​planning, organization and implementation of the transport of dangerous and oversized cargo. The material was created mainly on the basis of available publications as well as conclusions and opinions of experts. Both in the text and at the end of the article, there are numerous references to source materials and similar (partial) studies on selected issues in the area of ​​organization and management theory. It will allow, among others, students to individually analyse the characteristic cases of this class of transport, constituting in a sense an extended outline of the necessary knowledge allowing the student to prepare for lectures, exercises and laboratories. However, this does not exclude the purposefulness of using specialized (directional) literature items containing scientific foundations analytically describing the logistic processes under consideration.
THE EVOLUTION OF HIGH PRODUCTIVITY VEHICLES IN AUSTRALIA AND THEIR BENEFITS
Authors: Hassall Kim
Published: February 2022

Although the Australian road freight transport industry has seen three mass limits reviews in the mid 1970s, the mid 1980s and in the late 1990s, (Hassall, 2005), there were two very significant truck configuration changes that happened in the mid 1980s and then again in the early 2000s. The first was the trials of a variant of the Canadian B-train (the B-Double) which was introduced into Australia in the mid 1980s. This ‘Australian’ B-Double could achieve payloads some 30% to 40% higher than the conventional ‘semi trailer’ articulated combination. By 2016 some 18,900 of these vehicles were operational in Australia. The second adoption of new vehicle configurations started in 1999 through the National Road Transport Commission (NRTC), who adopted, and further developed, another Canadian concept, that of “Performance Based Standards” (PBS). This effectively allowed for new, flexible truck designs, as long as the vehicles performed against a set of 17 specific technical engineering performance criteria. This Performance Based Standards approach, since 1998, also allowed even larger configurations to B-Doubles to be used by operators. The benefits already of these new configurations has delivered billions of dollars in kilometre savings to the road freight industry and to its customers, as well as very significant safety benefits to the community.
Designing a More Effective Supply Chain
Authors: Wild Tony
Published: February 2022

Supply chain can be considered as a series of linked inventories. This paper considers the impact of inventory on the economics of the businesses and the whole chain and discusses causes of inefficiency. In most supply chains the goods are inactive for the majority of the time, and this leads to longer term and therefore less accurate forecasting. The result is typically excess inventory, shortages, and inflexibility. By analysing the wasted time and costs in the supply chain, a clearer view of the whole process can be created. Total supply time can be considered as three components, namely value added time, non-value added process time, and waste time. This basic approach shows where improvements should be focussed. Using this time-based measurement enables more relevant comparison between supply chains than the normal supply chain efficiency ratio.
MODELLING QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE SUPPLY CHAINS
Authors: Jóźwiak Arkadiusz , Świderski Andrzej , Zelkowski Jarosław
Published: February 2022

The article presents how to use methods and tools in the area of quality engineering to assess the supply chain, having the example of the food industry. It outlines the regulatory requirements and standardization documents for the transport of dairy products. Using a questionnaire conducted it selects criteria that were directly used to assess the quality of the supply chain (network). Then, using the Pareto-Lorenz diagram the most important criteria were selected, which were also used in the study
SYNERGIES IN THE INTERACTION OF THE TRANSPORT-LOGISTICS SERVICES MARKET
Authors: Freidman Oksana Anatolyevna
Published: February 2022

The article presents new approaches to the integration of companies in the transport and logistics services market. The methods of integrating companies in Russia are very relevant today, as they allow to unite the efforts of organizations in this market. Integration of companies into unincorporated associations will allow not only to reduce transaction costs, but also costs for the development of transport and logistics infrastructure.
SHAPING FLEXIBILITY IN COMPLEX MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
Authors: Zwolińska Bożena , Zaręba Aleksandra
Published: February 2022

Product customization and dynamically changing customer requirements causes multiple versions of the same product to be created with minute modifications, e.g.: different colour, material used, accessories, etc. Adapting to changing tendencies determines a manufacturer`s competitiveness. This article presents an analysis of the flexibility of a complex convergent production structure. The analysis has been conducted using the EPE (Every Part Every…) indicator. To maintain the accuracy of the system`s evaluation, the flexibility determining algorithm has been adjusted to the analyzed cell structure. A flexibility indicator EPE shows the lowest possible frequency at which the rotating production of a batch is repeated. In practice, it informs us after what time we may manufacture the same lot of goods again, taking into account the time necessary for delivering accepted orders. The conclusions from the conducted analyses helped develop strategic development plans which assumed increasing the volume of the manufactured assortment both in number and variety.
INTEGRATION OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT
Authors: Chruzik Katarzyna , Mindur Leszek
Published: February 2022

The mandatory management systems implemented since 2008 in rail transport resulting from legal requirements [1-8], very often (especially in the first years of implementing the requirements) functioned independently of the optional procedural approach - ISO standard [9-10]. Currently, integration of requirements in both the mandatory and voluntary areas has become common practice. Legal requirements and recommendations do not define or recommend any specific form of extending the existing management systems. Regulation EC 402/2013 in Article 3 point 7 [8] defines only the obligation of interaction between systems (interfaces mean all interaction points during the system or subsystem life cycle). The publication describes the relationship between the requirements in the field of management systems currently used in the railway system resulting from legal requirements (Safety Management System - SMS) and voluntary implementations (Quality Management and Environmental Management System).
Optimization of Complex Operations in the Supply Chain Through the Implementation of Advanced Planning System
Authors: Rut Joanna Małgorzata , Kulińska Ewa
Published: February 2022

Contemporary variability of the environment and market dynamics force enterprises to optimize operations in the supply chain. Advanced IT systems such as the Advanced Planning System are a powerful tool that supports many areas in supply chain management. An efficient supply chain is a key element in gaining a competitive advantage in the market. Therefore, the foundation of the material and information flow regulation in manufacturing enterprises is the efficient exchange of information with both the internal and external environment of the organization. The article presents the optimization process of complex operations taking place in the supply chain by implementing the Advanced Planning System in the examined enterprise. It also enumerates significant benefits resulting from the implementation.
Will transport affect globalization? Are we heading back to locally based economic activities?
Authors: Chrzanowski Ignacy
Published: February 2022

The paper discusses some aspects of the transport industry’s impact on the process of globalization in the world economy. Emphasis is put on the emerging new trends in that area, and in particular on the reverse globalization frequently referred to as “de-globalization”. While the latter concept provides ground for controversy, it seems that it has become visible in the number of trades and in particular in food trades which engage a considerable portion of the world transport system’s carrying capacity. Moving back to local production of food, one of many areas where the process of de-globalization appears to have started, might liberate vast reserves of transport capacity worldwide while, simultaneously, it will contribute to the reduction of transport-generated pollution. Arguments for such a solution are raised in the paper as is the necessity for more in-depth analysis in this field
LOAD CAPACITY OF THE XX. CENTURY BRIDGES
Authors: Napieraj Monika
Published: February 2022

This article is a compilation of all standards governing the payloads for road bridges in our country starting before the II World War, and ending on the Eurocode. The article also includes a comparative analysis of the effort of the structures subjected to loads compliant with these standards. On their basis, the load-bearing of the bridge was estimated.
The Nature of Metal-Metal Bonding in Re- and Os-Corrole Dimer
Authors: Hussein Aqeel A. , Obies Mohammed
Published: February 2022

Studies of multiple bonding between transition metals complexes offer fundamental insight into the nature of bonding between metal ions and facilitate predictions of the physical properties and the reactivities of metal complexes containing metal-metal multiple bonds. Here we report a computational interrogation on the nature of the metal-metal bonding for neutral, oxidized, and reduced forms of dinuclear rhenium and osmium corrole complexes, [{Re[TpXPC]}2]0/1+/1- and [{Os[TpXPC]}2]0/1+/1-, using complete active space self-consistent (CASSCF) methodology and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For [{Re[TpXPC]}2]0 and [{Os[TpXPC]}2]0, CASSCF calculations shows that the effective bond order is 3.29 and 2.73, respectively. On their oxidized forms, [{Re[TpXPC]}2]1+ and [{Os[TpXPC]}2]1+ molecules, the results indicate an electron removal from a ligand-based orbital, where [{Re[TpXPC]}2]1+ gives slightly different geometry from its neutral form due to populating the δ^* orbital. In this regard, the CASSCF calculations give an effective bond order of 3.25 which is slightly lower than in the [{Re[TpXPC]}2]0. On their reduced forms, the electron addition appears to be in the metal-based orbital for [{Re[TpXPC]}2]1- whereas in the ligand-based orbital for the Os-analogue which has no effect on the Os-Os bonding, presenting an effective bond order of 3.18 for the [{Re[TpXPC]}2]1- within the CASSCF simulations. These results will further encourage theoreticians and experimentalists to design metalloporphyrin dimers with distinct metal-metal bonding.
Iterative Synthesis of 1,3-Polyboronic Esters with High Stereocontrol: Applications to Bahamaolide A and Polyfunctionalised Hydrocarbons
Authors: Aiken Sheenagh , Bateman Joe , Liao Hsuan-Hung , Fawcett Alex , Bootwicha Teerawut , Vincetti Paolo , Myers Eddie , Noble Adam , Aggarwal Varinder
Published: February 2022

Polyketide natural products often contain common repeat motifs, e.g., propionate, acetate and deoxypropionate, and so can be synthesized by using iterative processes. We report a highly efficient iterative strategy for the synthesis of polyacetates based on boronic ester homologation that does not require functional group manipulation between iterations. This process involves sequential asymmetric diboration of a terminal alkene, forming a 1,2-bis(boronic ester), followed by regio- and stereoselective homologation of the primary boronic ester with a butenyl metallated carbenoid to generate a 1,3-bis(boronic ester). Each transformation independently controls stereochemical configuration, making the process highly versatile, and the sequence can be iterated prior to stereospecific oxidation of the 1,3-poly(boronic ester) to reveal the 1,3-polyol. The methodology was applied to a 14-step synthesis of the oxopolyene macrolide bahamaolide A, and the versatility of the 1,3-polyboronic esters was demonstrated in various stereospecific transformations, leading to poly-alkenes, -alkynes, -ketones, and -aromatics with full stereocontrol.
Conical intersection and coherent vibrational dynamics in alkyl iodides captured by attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Chang Kristina , Wang Han , Marggi Poullain Sonia , Gonzalez-Vazquez Jesus , Banares Luis , Prendergast David , Neumark Daniel , Leone Stephen
Published: February 2022

The photodissociation dynamics of alkyl iodides along the C-I bond are captured by attosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) transient absorption spectroscopy employing resonant ~20 fs UV pump pulses. The methodology of previous experiments on CH3I [Chang, et al., J. Chem. Phys. 154, 234301 (2021)] is extended to the investigation of a C-I bond-breaking reaction in the dissociative A-band of C2H5I, i-C3H7I, and t-C4H9I. Probing iodine 4d core-to-valence transitions in the XUV enables one to map wave packet bifurcation at a conical intersection in the A-band as well as coherent vibrations in the ground state of the parent molecules. Analysis of spectroscopic bifurcation signatures yields conical intersection crossing times, found to be 15 ± 4 fs for CH3I, 14 ± 5 fs for C2H5I, and 24 ± 4 fs for i-C3H7I and t-C4H9I. Observations of coherent vibrations, resulting from a projection of A-band structural dynamics onto the ground state by resonant impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (RISRS), indirectly reveal multimode C-I stretch and CCI bend vibrations in the A-band of C2H5I, i-C3H7I, and t-C4H9I.
Hierarchical Porous Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIF-8) and ZnO@N-doped Carbon for Selective Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Abdelhamid Hani Nasser , Soliman Ahmed I.A. , Abdel-Wahab Aboel-Magd A.
Published: February 2022

Removing organic contaminants such as dyes from water is essential to purify wastewater. Herein, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) and ZnO@N-doped C are effective adsorbent and photocatalysts for the adsorption and degradation of organic dyes. The materials showed effective and selective adsorption toward anionic dyes such as methyl blue (MeB) dye in the presence of fluorescein (FLU) dye. The adsorption capacities of ZnO@N-doped C for MeB and FLU dyes are 900 mg/g and 100 mg/g, respectively. According to UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) data, ZnO@N-doped C has a lower bandgap (2.07 eV) than ZIF-8 (4.34 eV) and ZnO (3.12 eV). Thus, ZnO@N-doped C serves as an effective photocatalyst for the degradation of both dyes under UV exposure. The degradation efficiency capacity of the dye (50 mg/L) is > 90 % using 200 mg/L of the photocatalyst. The mechanism of adsorption and photocatalysis is investigated. The photodegradation pathway of the dye involved the generation of oxidative hydroxy radicals (OH•), which can degrade the dyes. The degradation products of FLU were recorded using mass spectrometry.
ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF ZVS BASED HIGH CONVERSION RATIO ISOLATED DC-DC BUCK CONVERTER FOR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
Authors:   University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Bangalore,Karnataka., S Megha , K P Dr.Guruswamy ,   University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering,Bangalore, Karnataka.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a novel zero voltage switching (ZVS) is based high conversion ratio bidirectional DC-DC converter for the energy storage system proposed. Within the buck mode, the proposed converter is like that of a cascade consisting of an isolated buck-boost converter and a buck converter, thus achieving a high step-down ratio. Similarly, in the boost mode, the converter is analogous to the cascaded structure consisting of a boost converter and an isolated buck-boost converter, and then a high step-up ratio is achieved. Thus, a high conversion ratio has been established with the proposed converter. In addition to this ZVS eliminates switching losses and improves conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the validity and performance of the proposed converter are verified employing a prototype.