bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The imbalance of vasoactive components and arachidonic acid in the placenta and amniotic fluid in preeclampsia
Authors: Pogorelova T.N. , Krukier I.I. , Gunko V.O. , Nikashina A.A. , Alliluev I.A. , Larichkin A.V.
Published: June 2019

The content of vasoactive compounds and arachidonic acid in the placenta and amniotic fluid was studied in full-term (39-40 weeks) physiological pregnancy and preeclampsia (PE). The content of metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx), endothelin-1, thromboxane B2 (TxB2), prostacycline (PGI2) and arachidonic acid was estimated using spectrophotometric, immunoenzyme methods and gas-liquid chromatography. It was found that in PE the content of vasoconstrictors, of endothelin and TxB2, increased in the placenta and amniotic fluid, while the content of vasodilators, PGI2 and NOx decreased. Despite the same directionality of changes in both studied objects, the degree of changes differed and was more pronounced in the placenta. A direct or inverse correlative relationship was found between various vasoactive components (depending on their effect on vascular tone). In the case of arachidonic acid changes in its content in PE correlated with the level of vasoactive compounds, the source of which it is. The revealed differences in the ratio of vasoactive components obviously play a pathogenetic role in the development of PE and its subsequent complications.
Comparative analysis of post-translational modifications in plasma proteome of patients with cerebral ischemia based on HPLC-MS/MS method
Authors: Kisrieva Y.S. , Petushkova N.A. , Samenkova N.F. , Kuznetsova G.P. , Larina O.B. , Teryaeva N.B. , Usachev D.Yu. , Zgoda V.G. , Karuzina I.I.
Published: June 2019

The relative differences between post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins in blood plasma samples of patients with cerebral ischemia (CI) and healthy people were investigated using of the method of label-free comparative proteomic analysis based on the technology of tandem HPLC-MS/MS. For PTM detection we used multiple MS/MS search in the database Mascot for variable PTM and Progenesis LS-MS software. In the CI plasma samples, we observed an increase in the proportion of peptides with such PTM as phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine, acetylation of lysine and protein N-term, ubiquitination of lysine and deamidation of glutamine related to clinically significant processes were revealed.
A study of intrauterine fetal death in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Saha Divya , Kurude Vilas N. , Mundhe Sharvari
Published: June 2019

Background: Intrauterine fetal death is a major obstetrical complication and a devastating experience for parents as well as obstetricians. If the causes of IUFD can be found, an effective strategy for prevention of IUFD can be formed and maternal complications can thus be prevented. This study aims at identifying the various causes, etiological factors and complications of IUFD.Methods: Prospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital from 1st January 2016 to 31st July 2017.Results: Total number of deliveries during the study period was 3944 and still birth was 170. Still birth percentage was 4.31.Majority of patient belonged to maternal age group of 21-30 year of age that is 138 out of 170 around  68.5%. Only 8.82% of patients presenting with IUFD were having more than three antenatal visits. Among 61 cases (35.8%) cause was not identified while 109 cases cause was identified. Hypertensive disorder contributed to major cause of IUFD i.e. 34 out of 170 (20%) Maternal complications like hypovolemic shock occurred in 13 out of 170 (7.6%), Acute Renal failure 7 out of 170 (4.11), Sheehan syndrome. Maternal mortality was 3 out of 170 cases.Conclusions: Despite availability of modern interventions like ultrasonography, Non stress test, majority of the causes of IUFD remains unknown. Early diagnosis and delivery is important in cases of IUFD to prevent various complications like septicaemia, acute renal failure, DIC, hypovolemic shock etc.
Fetal Doppler for prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in preeclampsia in a low resource setting
Authors: Mishra Pratima , Pattanayak Bikash , Sahoo Ramakanta , Rath Mahesh
Published: June 2019

Background: Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from loss of ovarian activity. Menopause normally occurs between the age of 45 to 50 years. The age of menopause varies with geographical, racial and nutritional factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate and to know the incidence of various cause of PMB.Methods: This was a prospective study of the patient with PMB attending the OPD or admitted for evaluation under Obstetrics and Gynecology department. Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, BBSR, Odisha from November 2016 to October 2018 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria with history clinical examination and investigation and informed consent from the patient. Data analyses will be done by appropriate statistical methods.Results: Maximum number of cases with PMB were found in age group 55-64 (52%). 57% of cases were malignant and rest 43% were benign origin. carcinoma cervix is most common  malignant lesion in 80% cases and atrophic endometrium is most common benign lesion (42%).Conclusions: In the present study the incidence malignancy causing PMB was 57% and benign cases was 43% Universal Screening of all PMB cases for genital tract malignancy is mandatory.
Role of multi-detector computed tomography in the detection and differentiation of adnexal mass lesions
Authors: Khalda Ezzat , Rahman Hafizur
Published: June 2019

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) in the detection and differentiation of adnexal masses using post-operative histopathology findings as the gold standard.Methods: One hundred and forty five cases that were referred with a primary diagnosis of adnexal masses on clinical or USG examination were evaluated by MDCT in the Department of Radiodiagnosis from January 2013 to December 2013. One hundred twelve cases subsequently underwent surgical exploration and histopathological examination, which was used as a control for the evaluation of MDCT findings, were included in this study.Results: Majority (54.5%) of the patients were in the age group of 31-50 years. MDCT detected   adnexal masses as malignant in 56 cases, while in other 56 cases it read adnexal masses as benign. Final histopathology revealed adnexal masses in 57 (51%) cases as malignant while in 55 (49%) cases as benign. There were three cases which on MDCT appeared as malignant were subsequently found to be benign in histopathology. Similarly there were four cases which on MDCT appeared as benign were subsequently proved to malignant in histopathology. The sensitivity, specificity, Positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MDCT for diagnosing a malignant adnexal mass was 93.0%, 94.5%, 94.6% and 92.8% respectively. MDCT findings more predictive of malignancy were solid or cystic-solid mass, necrosis in a solid lesion, cystic lesion with thick, irregular walls or septa, and/or with papillary projections. The presence of ascites, peritoneal metastases, and lymphadenopathy were also helpful to confirm malignancy.Conclusions: MDCT is an excellent and accurate non-invasive modality in the detection and characterization of adnexal masses from benign and malignant
Induction of labour and its feto-maternal outcome
Authors: Sinha Mridu , Arya Shashi Bala , Saxena Shashi , Sood Nitant
Published: June 2019

Background: Induction of labour is an iatrogenic deliberate attempt to terminate the pregnancy in order to achieve vaginal delivery in cases of valid indication. It should be carefully supervised as it is a challenge to the clinician, mother and the fetus. Aim of this study was to find out common indications for IOL in a tertiary care teaching centre and its feto-maternal outcome.Methods: An institutional based retrospective observational study was conducted to describe the prevalence of labour induction and factors associated with its outcome, during the time-period of one year from January 2018 to December 2018, at SRMS IMS, Bareilly. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relative effect of determinants and statistical tests were used to see the associations.Results: Most of the patients were primigravidas of younger age-group. Idiopathic oligohydramnios and postdatism were the commonest indications for induction of labour and Misoprost was the commonest drug used for it. Though majority had vaginal delivery, as the method was changed to combined method it was significantly associated with increased likelihood of LSCS. Similarly there was increased association with maternal cervico-vaginal tear / lacerations as the method was changed to combined type. However there were no association between post-partum hemorrhage, meconium stained liquor or fetal distress.Conclusions: Common indications for induction of labour were oligohydramnios and postdatism. Misoprost can be safely used for induction of labour without any increased risk for LSCS or any fetal / neonatal risks.
New improvements in increasing trends of caesarean section: to compare the effectiveness of two techniques Misgav Ladach with Joel Cohen incision versus Munro Kerr with pfannenstiel incision for caesarean section
Authors: Sharma Kanchan , Mani Ankita
Published: June 2019

Background: Caesarean section (C-section) is the most common surgery among women worldwide, and the global rate of this surgical procedure has been continuously rising. Hence, it is significantly crucial to develop and apply highly effective and safe caesarean section techniques. In this study, we aimed at assessing the safety and effectiveness of the Joel-Cohen-based Misgav Ladach technique and comparing the results with the transverse Pfannenstiel incision (Munro Kerr) for C-section.Methods: It was a prospective randomised controlled trial conducted on 100 women undergoing caesarean section at Patna Medical College and hospital in 2017. Patients were randomly allocated in 2 groups  and intra operative  and postoperative findings (blood loss, duration of surgery, post op fever, wound complication, APGAR scores etc. were calculated.Results: The duration of surgery was significantly low in Misgav Ladach technique (19.9 minutes vs. 29.54 minutes p value <0.001) Misgav technique was found economically better method as only 1 suture was used in 43 patients (p value<0.001). Post operative recovery (ambulation and bowel transit time) was found much early in Misgav Ladach vs. Munro Kerr (p value <0.001).Post operative use of analgesics was significantly less in Misgav technique (p value <0.0001). However no significant difference was observed in incidence of postoperative fever, blood loss and mean APGAR scoring of neonates.Conclusions: From this study it can be concluded that Misgav ladach method of caesarean section is associated with better short time post operative outcomes, especially resulting in reduction of pain and postoperative hospital stay.
Challenges in emergency peripartum hysterectomy in initial phase of obstetrics practice: series of 9 cases
Authors: Deka Ranima
Published: June 2019

Emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH) is usually done to control bleeding of life threatening peripartum haemorrhage when all of all conservative measures fail. It is a technically demanding surgical procedure that carries high rate morbidity and mortality. From January 2016 to January 2019 data of all EPH done by our in different hospital of the city is collected. Total of 9 patients fulfil the definition of EPH. We tried with all sorts as bimanual uterine compression, administration of oxytocin or prostaglandins, uterine packing, compression sutures such as the B-Lynch brace suture before operation to controlled haemorrhage. On failure of the above mentioned measure we plan EPH. We took help of a surgeon in all of 9 cases. Bleeding is the greatest challenge in our series. Out of 9 patient 8 patient survived, one patient died of bleeding due to DIC. There is one urinary bladder injury and repaired intraoperatively. All patient has minor wound infection and that was managed with oral antibiotics and wound dressings. Postoperative average ICU stay was 3 days. Average PRBC transfusion is 4 units and two patient required FFP transfusion. In one patient we did subtotal hysterectomy and in rest all other patient we did total hysterectomy. With good team work EPH can be done with acceptable morbidity and mortality.
Does pre-emptive onlay mesh reinforcement of midline laparotomies reduce incidence of incisional hernia in high–risk patients?
Authors: Abdelhameed Hosam F. , Abdelmageed Samir A.
Published: June 2019

Background: One of the major morbidity after abdominal surgery is incisional hernia. In high risk patients its incidence reaches 11-20% despite various optimal closure techniques for midline laparotomy. Our aim is to evaluate the efficacy of onlay mesh placement in reducing the incidence of incisional hernia in those high risk patients.Methods: A total of 65 high risk patients suspected to develop post-operative incisional hernia underwent midline abdominal laparotomies. Patients were divided into two groups; group1 (30 patients) for whom the incision was closed by conventional method and group2 (35 patients) for whom the incision was closed with reinforcement by onlay polypropylene mesh. The primary end point was the occurrence of incisional hernia while the secondary end point was post-operative complications including subcutaneous seroma, chronic wound pain, and surgical site infection (SSI). Patients were followed up for two years.Results: The base line characteristics of the two groups were similar. The incidence of incisional hernia is significantly reduced 1/35 (2.8%) in group 2 while it was 6/30 (20%) in group 1. As regard seroma and chronic wound pain they increased in (group2) 6/35 (17.14%) and 5/35(14.28%) respectively compared to (group 1) which was 4/30 (13.33%) and 2/30 (6.66%). SSI occurred in 1/35 (2.85%) in group 2 and in 1/30 (3.33%) in group 1.Conclusions: Prophylactic onlay mesh reinforcement of the midline laparotomy for high risk patients can be used safely and markedly reduces the incidence of incisional hernia with little morbidity.
Results of Winograd technique (wedge resection of the toenail and nail bed) in ingrown toe nail
Authors: Khan Aftab Ahmad , Kumar Shiv
Published: June 2019

Background: Ingrown toe nail is a very common condition affecting toes which causes significant morbidity. Most common reasons are improper nail trimming or a tight show wear. Early stages can be managed conservatively by warm soaks, antibiotics and analgesics, however late stages need surgical intervention. Numerous surgical techniques have been described for this condition.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in District hospital Doda from November 2015 to November 2017. Wedge resection of the toe nail and nail bed (Winograd technique) was used. Recurrence rates, complications and patient satisfaction was noted at the end of follow up at one year.Results: We operated 29 toes in 23 patients. We had 3 (10.34%) recurrences out of 29 toes operated, 2 (6.89%) patients got secondarily infected. The overall satisfaction rate in our series was 69.56%.Conclusions: Winograd technique is an easy and safe procedure, however chances of recurrence and cosmetic disfigurement should be explained to the patient during consent.
Comparison of the efficacy of Jabalpur prognostic scoring system with Mannheims peritonitis index in evaluation of prognosis in patients with perforation peritonitis
Authors: Prakash G. V. , Reddy Vijay Kumar , Rao B. Srihari , Reddy C. Srikanth , Raghuram G. , Babu K. Ajay , Purushotham G. , Sravya S.
Published: June 2019

Background: Peritonitis is defined as inflammation of the serosal membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and the organs contained therein. Peritonitis is often caused by the introduction of infection into the otherwise sterile peritoneal environment through the perforation of the bowel, such as the ruptured appendix or colonic diverticulum. The disease may also be caused by the introduction of a chemically irritating material, such as gastric acid from a perforated ulcer. Peritonitis secondary to perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, a common occurrence in this country, requires emergency surgical intervention and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates.Methods: This was a comparative prospective cohort study in which 150 patients presenting with symptoms peritonitis secondary to hollow viscus perforation in general surgery department, Sri Venktaeshwara Medical College, Tiruapti from March 2017 to November 2018 were taken for the study.Results: Jabalpur prognostic scoring system has a slightly higher area under the curve of 96% when compared with the Mannheims peritonitis index score with 95%. So this shows that the Jabalpur prognostic scoring system has slightly greater indices than, that of Mannheims peritonitis index scoring system in predicting the prognosis of perforative peritonitis.Conclusions: In patients with perforation peritonitis, Jabalpur prognostic scoring system is an easy and reliable predictor in evaluating prognosis. In developing countries like India, where in resources are limited, Jabalpur prognostic scoring system will greatly help in predicting prognosis in patients with perforarion peritonitis. Because of its cost effectiveness, availability and ease of use, it is recommended as a part in the holistic approach of treatment of perforation peritonitis.
Functional results of clavicle fractures in adults treated by open reduction and internal fixation using superior precontoured plate
Authors: Wani M. Ahsan , Ganaie Mushtaq Ahmed , Ul islam Nuzhat , Rasool Akther , Dar Nisar Ahmed
Published: June 2019

Background: Observe results of open reduction and internal fixation of fractures of the clavicle in adults using pre-contoured superior clavicle locking plate.Methods: This study was prospective study carried out in the Govt Medical college Hospital Baramullah Kashmir Department of Orthopaedics  from June 2014 to September 2016. A total of 25 patients with fresh fractures were treated with ORIF with a pre-contoured superior clavicle locking plate.Results: The mean age of patient was 30.08 years, males (64%),   right clavicle frequently fractured (52%) Robinson type 2B1 configuraion. (44%) sustained their injury due to a road traffic accident. The average 6 month Quick DASH score was 0.82, whereas the mean constant score was 94.8 at final follow-up. The complications were superficial wound infection in (4%), mechanical pull-out of the plate in (8%), numbness below the incision area in (12%), symptomatic hardware in (4%), and non-union in (4%).Conclusions: There has been a resurgence of interest in operative treatment for fractures that are displaced, comminuted, or that display significant shortening. Operative treatment is beneficial to only a subset of patients, in whom functional expectations and fracture characteristics have both been taken into account before taking the final decision.
Comparison of P-POSSUM and E-POSSUM in defining prognosis in acute abdomen cases
Authors: Nambi Deepa , Giridharan Bhanumati
Published: June 2019

Background: The study attempts to define prognosis in acute abdomen cases using elderly modification (E-POSSUM) and compares its performance with physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) and Portsmouth modification- (P-POSSUM).Methods: A non-randomized, prospective study was conducted between January 2016-November 2018 in 260 patients, aged ≥60 years old, undergoing elective and emergency general surgeries. Baseline characteristics, PS at the time of admission, surgery and OS at the moment of the patient’s discharge was obtained after formal ethical consent. The follow up period was 30 days post-surgery, and complications if any, were noted.Results: When exponential analysis was applied, POSSUM over predicted morbidity in low risk group (<30%), and though, it accurately predicted morbidity in higher risk strata, it was not statistically significant. Similarly, E-POSSUM accurately predicted morbidity for risk strata 60 -100 however, it was not significant when chi-square test was applied. However, when compared to POSSUM morbidity equation, E-POSSUM showed signiﬁcant difference for risk strata 40-100 and 50-100. When exponential analysis was applied, E-POSSUM accurately predicted post-operative mortality similar to P-POSSUM. However, based on observed and expected ratio, E-POSSUM outperforms P-POSSUM in prediction of mortality.Conclusions: Exponential analysis of E-POSSUM better predicts morbidity and post-operative mortality risk in various acute abdomen cases when compared to POSSUM morbidity and P-POSSUM mortality equation. Hence, E-POSSUM is a valid scoring system for predicting morbidity and mortality risk in elderly patients undergoing elective and emergency surgery for acute abdomen.
The benefits of protective defunctioning ileostomy in ileal perforation surgery
Authors: Tripathi Abhilekh , Sethi Anjali , Sethi Deepak
Published: June 2019

Background: Perforation of bowel, particularly ileal perforation, is a significant emergency surgical problem in developing and underdeveloped nations and usually associated with high morbidity and mortality. The study is focussed on evaluating the impact of protective ileostomy in ileal perforation and to compare its outcome in term of post operative complication, hospital stay, psychological impact and mortality with primary surgery without ileostomy and observe its effect on prognosis of patient as a whole. Aim of the study we compared two modalities of treatment, primary surgery without ileostomy v/s primary surgery with protective defunctioning ileostomy with respect to post operative complications, duration of hospital stay, morbidity, mortality and psychological impact.  Methods: We studied 50 patients of ileal perforation (diagnosed per-operatively) admitted to tertiary level hospital and operated upon for laparotomy. Patients were divided in 2 groups: Group A = Protective defunctioning ileostomy along with primary surgery, and Group B = Primary surgery alone. Primary surgery includes primary closure of perforation or resection and end to end anastomosis.Results: The commonest cause of non-traumatic ileal perforation was typhoid (52%) followed by non specific, tuberculosis and diverticulitis. Different types of operative procedures were performed. In Group A, total no. of dreaded complications like faecal fistula was 1 while in Group B, 10 patients developed faecal fistula. Other complications like wound infection and wound dehiscence were 28% in Group A while 96% in Group B. Overall mortality rate was 24% with 12% mortality in group A and 36% in group B. Mean hospital stay in Group A patient was 12.640±5.75 days (1-23 days) and those of group B was 23.760±16.04 days (5 - 59 days).  Conclusions: Construction of protective defunctioning ileostomy in case of distal ileal perforation repair or anastomosis greatly reduces the dreaded complication and mortality in comparison to perforation repair or anastomosis without protective ileostomy. Although it is associated with ileostomy related complications, but they are only temporary and obviously no more than the price of life saved.
Double penile fracture with complete urethral disruption following anal intercourse: a case report
Authors: Barua Sasanka K. , Pratihar Sarbartha Kumar , T. P. Rajeev , Baruah Saumar J. , Bagchi Puskal K. , Sarma Debanga , Phukan Mandeep , Saurabh Nikhil
Published: June 2019

Penile fracture remains a rare, under reported condition. It is defined as blunt trauma resulting in tear of tunica albuginea surrounding the corpus cavernosum during erection. Prompt diagnosis and early surgical repair are essential. Here we report a case of 37 years male with penile fracture involving both corpora cavernosum and complete urethral disruption. A 37-year-old man presented with penile injury during anal intercourse. Physical examination revealed a swollen, ecchymotic penis with dorsal angulation. Penile ultrasound showed tear in bilateral corpora cavernosa at ventral aspect with hematoma. On exploration tear in bilateral corpora with complete penile urethral disruption seen. Repair of corporal tear with end to end anastomotic urethroplasty done. He has normal voiding and sexual function at 4th months of follow up. The diagnosis of this condition is clinical, which is further augmented by high frequency sonography, which can detect exact site of the tear, also allows evaluation of penile vascularity. Evaluation of the urethra with sonography can help identify interruption of the urethral wall. As in our patient, double fracture involving corpora cavesnosa of both sides with complete urethral disruption, is rare entity. Urgent surgery with complete penile degloving is advocated and extreme care is needed not to miss any injury. Fracture of the penis is a rare surgical emergency. The diagnosis is clinical, however high-resolution sonography and colour Doppler are helpful. Early and prompt surgical intervention can restore normal voiding and erectile function to lead a healthy life.
Bóg jako primum cognitum – dyskusje i kontrowersje (bł. Duns Szkot, Henryk z Gandawy, św. Tomasz z Akwinu, św. Bonawentura, Mikołaj z Kuzy)
Authors: Kijewska Agnieszka
Published: June 2019

W artykule przedstawiam, jak u najważniejszych przedstawicieli XIII-wiecznej scholastyki kształtowała się koncepcja pierwszego przedmiotu ludzkiego intelektu (primum cognitum), takiego przedmiotu, który określa horyzont ludzkich możliwości poznawczych. Ta szczegółowa kwestia wymaga określonych rozwiązań teoriopoznawczych, metafizycznych i antropologicznych. Wśród różnych stanowisk należy wyróżnić stanowisko Henryka z Gandawy i św. Bonawentury, którzy głosili, że pierwszym przedmiotem naszego intelektu jest Bóg, oraz stanowisko św. Tomasza, który uważał, że tym przedmiotem jest istota rzeczy materialnej. Duns Szkot zaproponował rozwiązanie, które łączy stanowiska poprzedników, a zarazem wychodzi poza różnorodne ograniczenia ich koncepcji. Uważam, że epistemologia Mikołaja z Kuzy, wybitnego myśliciela XV wieku, pozostawała pod silnym wpływem rozwiązań scholastyków.
Problem odpowiedzialności za przypadkowe skutki działania
Authors: Krajewska Anna
Published: June 2019

W artykule bronię tezy, że podmiot, który spowodował niezamierzoną stratę, powinien wziąć za nią odpowiedzialność. Odpowiedzialność ta nie jest wynikiem zaciągniętej przez podmiot winy, nie jest także wyłącznie wyrazem jego wrażliwości na cudzą krzywdę, ale ma swoje obiektywne racje. Działający człowiek doświadcza jedności swojej podmiotowości zarówno wtedy, gdy jest dobrowolnym sprawcą działania, jak i wtedy, gdy działanie to przyczynia się do zaistnienia przypadkowych skutków. Podmiot bowiem jest nie tylko autonomicznym sprawcą, ale także kimś, kto przez konstytuującą go cielesność jest podatny na wpływ rozmaitych czynników przypadkowych, nieprzewidzianych. Aby zachować swoją integralność, podmiot zobowiązany jest do uznania swojej relacji do spowodowanej krzywdy. Racje wzięcia odpowiedzialności za przypadkowe skutki działania odwołują się nie tylko do struktury podmiotu, ale także do samego działania i jego relacji do działającego. Zagadnienia te zostały podjęte w dwóch pierwszych paragrafach artykułu. Ostatnia część artykułu prezentuje istotę obowiązku wzięcia odpowiedzialności za spowodowaną stratę. Taka odpowiedzialność nie zależy od tego, co bezpośrednio leżało w zakresie sprawczości podmiotu, ale dotyczy tego, co należy do półcienia tejże sprawczości. Podmiot poprzez akt woli może uczynić siebie odpowiedzialnym za to, co się stało. Akt wzięcia odpowiedzialności obejmuje takie zachowania, jak wyjaśnienie, przeprosiny, pomoc.
Ewaluacyjne i egzystencjalne aspekty trafu moralnego
Authors: Lewandowski Wojciech
Published: June 2019

Fenomen szczęścia stanowi problem dla etyki z dwóch powodów. Po pierwsze, utrudnia sformułowanie jednorodnych sądów moralnych dla dwóch lub więcej działań, które wydają się do siebie podobne w każdym moralnie istotnym aspekcie, z wyjątkiem niektórych udanych lub niefortunnych zdarzeń, które mają miejsce w jednym przypadku, a w drugim nie. Wystąpienie tych zdarzeń nie było pod kontrolą żadnego z agentów, ale dla zewnętrznych obserwatorów wydaje się być podstawą bardziej rygorystycznego lub bardziej tolerancyjnego osądu moralnego w jednym przypadku, a w drugim nie. Po drugie, szczęście może wpłynąć na nasze poczucie sensu życia poprzez sukces lub porażkę naszych ważnych egzystencjalnie projektów życiowych. Fakt ten sugeruje konieczność moralnie dopuszczalnych warunków polegających na szczęściu w formułowaniu i realizacji własnego projektu życiowego. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiam możliwości zastosowania głównych poglądów na szczęście do rozwiązania powyższych problemów.
Nie być człowiekiem partyjnym (przeł. Dorota Leszczyna)
Authors: Ortega y Gasset José , Leszczyna Dorota
Published: June 2019

Oryginał: José Ortega y Gasset, „No ser hombre de partido”, w: idem, Obras completas, t. IV (Madrid: Fundación José Ortega y Gasset/Taurus, 2005), 306–313. Zgodę na przekład i jego publikację wyrazili spadkobiercy Ortegi, reprezentowani przez Andreasa Ortegę Kleina.

Esej „No ser hombre de partido” autorstwa José Ortegi y Gasseta ukazał się po raz pierwszy w argentyńskim czasopiśmie La Nación. Został podzielony na dwie części. Pierwszą opublikowano 15 maja 1930 r., drugą zaś 3 czerwca 1930 r. Przedmiotem refleksji jest tutaj problem „partyjności”, który rozpatruje się z dwóch perspektyw — metafizycznej i społecznej. Pierwsza czyni z „partyjności” przejaw kompensacji, tj. zafałszowania własnego bytu i braku akceptacji dla własnego powołania. Druga z kolei wskazuje, że partyjność stanowi zjawisko historyczne, którego początki sięgają XIX stulecia. To wówczas pojawia się po raz pierwszy wykładnia społeczeństwa jako permanentnej i wiecznej walki, co wymaga ukonstytuowania walczących ze sobą grup, tj. partii. Ortega natomiast pragnie przezwyciężyć obie wersje partyjności. Dlatego staje po stronie autentyczności naszego jednostkowego życia i nieuwarunkowanych partyjnie idei, uczuć i wartości.
Pilna potrzeba refleksji nad samoświadomością, podmiotowością i wychowaniem godnym osoby
Authors: Rynio Alina
Published: June 2019

Artykuł ukazuje fundament antropologiczny oraz odniesienia teoretyczno-pragmatyczne. Publikacja, poświęcona pilnej potrzebie refleksji nad samoświadomością, podmiotowością i wychowaniem godnym osoby, przeznaczona jest dla zainteresowanych osobowym i podmiotowym kontekstem oddziaływań wychowawczych. Artykuł dedykowany jest osobom poszukującym metody skutecznego wychowania. Lektura tej publikacji może być użyteczna dla osób szukających mistrzów i autentycznie zatroskanych o dobre wychowanie i jasny kształt swojej własnej przyszłości i przyszłości swoich dzieci. Wychowanie jest tu rozumiane jako obdarzanie dojrzałym człowieczeństwem tych, którzy jeszcze tej dojrzałości nie mają oraz jako droga prowadząca do szczęścia, jakim jest wieczność. Publikacja dostarcza refleksji na temat wychowania godnego osoby, które dotyka natury ludzkiego serca, pozwala poznać prawdę, miłować dobro i przylgnąć do rzeczywistości po to, aby życie było czymś bardziej pozytywnym, czymś pięknym i by było odpowiedzią na wyzwania współczesności.
Istota wychowania integralnego w osobowym rozwoju człowieka
Authors: Łobacz Małgorzata
Published: June 2019

Wychowanie integralne człowieka – czyli wielowymiarowe i pełne rozumienie procesu wychowania wskazuje na uwzględnienie wszystkich podstawowych sfer człowieczeństwa: cielesnej, płciowej, seksualnej, intelektualnej, emocjonalnej, moralnej, duchowej, religijnej, społecznej. Tak rozumiany proces wychowania człowieka jest optymalny i prowadzi do rozwoju osobowego człowieka. Aby mógł on przebiegać prawidłowo, konieczna jest afirmacja wartości godności osobowej, która stanowi punkt wyjścia w relacji wychowawca–wychowanek. Bardzo ważne jest także, by sam wychowawca był wzorem – prawdziwym mistrzem, który swoim przykładem pokieruje wychowanka w stronę pełnego rozwoju osobowego.

Integralne wychowanie – wskazujące drogę do realizacji człowieczeństwa człowieka – powinno rozpoczynać się już od najmłodszych lat. Jeżeli człowiek we wczesnych latach swojego życia zrozumie wartość osoby ludzkiej oraz istotę integralnego jej rozwoju, wówczas pozna sens życia ludzkiego i zadanie wynikające z faktu „bycia” człowiekiem.
Teologiczno-pedagogiczny wymiar kary śmierci
Authors: Pierzchała Kazimierz
Published: June 2019

Kara stanowi bodziec i pomoc do poprawy oraz wynagrodzenia za winy – Jan Paweł II.

W kręgu kultury zachodniej zagadnienie stosowania (retencjoniści) lub odrzucenia (abolicjoniści) kary śmierci jest obecnie dyskutowane nie tylko przez prawników, etyków, filozofów prawa, teologów, ale również przez polityków, dziennikarzy i najzwyklejszych obywateli. Problem ten jest naprawdę złożony i trudny. Kara śmierci jest najsurowszą i najstarszą karą legalnie lub nielegalnie stosowaną prawie we wszystkich kulturach świata tak w starożytności jak również współcześnie. Kara śmierci jest ze swej istoty nieodwracalna, wyrządzona skazanemu krzywda jest niemożliwa do naprawienia.

Stosunek do kary śmierci na długie stulecia wytyczyła nauka św. Tomasza z Akwinu. Pan Bóg, karząc zabójcę brata, chroni go przed ludźmi, którzy chcieliby go zabić. „Nawet zabójca nie traci swej osobowej godności i Bóg sam czyni się jej gwarantem”. Podejście teologiczne do kary śmierci jest oparte na przekonaniu o świętości życia każdego człowieka, z czego wynika zasada jego nienaruszalności. „Życie człowieka pochodzi od Boga, jest Jego darem, Jego obrazem i odbiciem, udziałem w Jego ożywczym tchnieniu. Dlatego Bóg jest jedynym Panem tego życia, człowiek nie może nim rozporządzać [...]”.

Podejście do kary śmierci Kościoła Katolickiego posiada cechy personalistyczne, umożliwiające nawet zbrodniarzowi możliwość resocjalizacji. Uważa zatem, że kiedy osoba będzie traktowana jako twórca samej siebie, będzie chciała się zmienić.
Kaidah-Kaidah Bahasa Arab Non-Fungsional: Upaya ‎Menghadirkan Materi Kaidah Bahasa Arab yang Lebih Mudah
Authors: Nurhaqiqi Nurhaqiqi
Published: June 2019

This study aims to further analyze some Arabic language rules that do not have semantic functions in a sentence; both rules derive from the nahwu and sharaf. The primary source of the study is the Arabic language rules analyzed using the text content (madhmûn) approach. The steps are firstly making an inventory of the rules stated anomaly, then finding its ‘illah (reason/cause), and then the conclusions are taken. The results of the study prove that there are Arabic rules that do not have semantic functions. This happens because the motive for its creation is not intended to present new intentions and meanings in a sentence. Among these motives are reasons for sentence efficiency, philosophical nuances and reasons for being mild in pronunciation. The patterns used are al-hadzf, al-ibdl, al-rutbah/taqdîm ta’khîr and al-ziyâdah. The results of this study are not in line with the 'traditional scholars such as al-Mâzinî, (d. 248 H), al-Mubarrid (d. 285 H.), al-Farrâ' (d. 189 H) who said that Arabic linguistics has been perfect and final and there is no need to review on it. On the contrary, this research strengthens the opinion of modern linguists such as Ibn Madlâ (d. 592 H), Syauqî Dhayf (born 1910 AD), Tammam Hasan (born 1918 AD) who said that Arabic science is convoluted, very philosophical and not apparently consistent, which must be reviewed to make it look lighter and easier to learn especially for beginners and finally the impression that Arabic is complicated, difficult and convoluted can be avoided.
كتب قواعد اللغة العربية في المعاهد الإسلامية بإندونيسيا: بناؤها ونوعها ‏وعلاقتها بطرق تعليمها
Authors: Zaenuri Muhammad
Published: June 2019

Arabic is a foreign language for Indonesian people. Among the languages of Arabic that are widely taught in Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia are the grammar of Arabic or nahwu and sharaf. Among the elements of teaching are books, books have an important role in the learning process. This study aims to find out the Arabic grammar books used in Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, analyze their constructs, their models and their relevance to Arabic grammar learning for non-Arabs. This research is a literature research. Data collection uses documentation techniques, while the analysis technique uses content analysis. From the results of the study, it is found that the Arabic grammar books used in Islamic boarding schools are books compiled with the qawa'id ilmiyah approach instead of qawa'id ta'limiyah, so it needs the development of methods in learning so that the students (santri) not only memorize the rules, but are also able to apply them in language skills. While in terms of the drafting model, there are at least three models, namely, matan, syarah, and khasiyah.
بجامعة الراية ‏سوكابومي‎ ‎ إدارة برنامج تعليم اللغة العربية للطلبة في السنة الأول
Authors: Rasyad M. Ashadi , Lestari Risza Putri , Rahim Fitri Kurnia
Published: June 2019

This study describes the management of Arabic language learning programs for First Year Students at STIBA Ar Rayyah Sukabumi. The output produced has high Arabic skills and competencies. This is motivated by the existence of a one-year language preparation program in the first year. This study aims to describe the planning, organizing, implementing and overseeing the management process of the Arabic language learning program for First Year Students at STIBA Ar Rayyah Sukabumi. This study uses a qualitative research methodology with a type of case study research. The results of this study indicate that 1) the planning of the learning program is based on musyawaroh with several stages, namely observation, coordination meetings, compiling work programs, implementing programs, 2) organizing the program well structured, and policy holders is idaroh 'ulya, 3) Program implementation through language acquisition, atta'allum atta'awuni (mutual cooperation system), regeneration, bi'ah lughowiyah (language environment), 4) program supervision is direct by idaroh 'ulya.
The construct of masculinity in the culture of modern Russia’s new working class
Authors: Gavrilyuk Tatiana V.
Published: June 2019

This article is dedicated to analyzing the construct of masculinity in the culture of modern Russia’s new working class. While leaning on an intersectional perspective, it considers practices of producing its plural forms in everyday interaction, as well as persistent structures of social inequality which secure gender order on an institutional level. The article conducts an analytical overview of relevant foreign studies on the working class’ modes of masculinity in the postindustrial era. An empirical study of young representatives of the new working class residing in the Ural federal district helped determine the most common structures of gender order in domestic life and in the workspace: standard male social roles, stereotypical everyday fulfillment of male gender roles, gender restrictions and privileges. It has been revealed that a persistent structural disproportion between various sectors of the economy, when it comes to wages and the gender composition of the workforce, determines the transmission of the standard tendency for reproducing the pattern of a “man-provider”, who possesses power in the family based on his control over economic resources. Young working class individuals are still interested in preserving and supporting a patriarchal model of distributing household labor. While women are assigned types of activity which require routine execution at a strictly defined time, men assume chores which can be done sporadically, and can be postponed, which provides them with more leisure time. While evaluating the importance of everyday communication rituals, it was established that young women seek to preserve a traditional pattern of gender interaction more so than young men. The results of the study show a distinction between the expectations of young men and women when it comes to standard everyday gender communication: for the most part, young men still lean towards a model of hegemonic masculinity within the working class, while young women, who support the idea of preserving a patriarchic social order, are prepared to assume their gender role within it provided that they receive financial support and protection on behalf of their men. Indirect signs of hegemonic masculinity are not considered by them to be relevant.
China’s “soft power” and its projection onto the territory of post-Soviet Eurasia
Authors: Andreev Ivan A.
Published: June 2019

This article considers the use of “soft power” as an instrument of China’s political strategy. Within the context of the issue of combining forms of international political influence, the notion of “soft power” is unveiled as interpreted by its author – American political expert J. Nye – while analyzing the adaptation of said notion to Peking’s political strategy, which in turn is associated with China’s rise to the position of global superpower number 2. Highlighted is the fact that this notion is attune to China’s centuries-old political tradition, as well as Peking’s current objective to relieve its neighbors traditional unease on account of a possible threat on their behalf, due both to the sheer size of the country, with its population of almost 1.5 billion people, and its relatively recent aggressive behavior during the time of Maoism. The article gives a characteristic of the main instruments used to implement the Chinese strategy of “soft” influence, particularly broadening the network of Confucius institutes and classes, taking advantage of hosting high-profile international events, education in China’s educational facilities, establishing control over certain global media corporations etc. Especially considered is the use of “soft power” in China’s collaboration with post-Soviet states, primarily with Russia and republics of central Asia. Demonstrated are features of the political context of Peking’s use of “soft power” on post-Soviet territory, highlighted among which is a rather strong prejudice against China in countries of central Asia, as well as the need to achieve a friendlier relationship with the Russian Federation, which in turn possesses “soft power” potential comparable to China, and also strives to play a leading role on post-Soviet territory. Based on the analysis conducted, the author comes to the conclusion that “soft power” methods were able to solidify a strong foundation of public support for a strategic partnership between Russia and China. This in no small part helped in gradually increasing the level of mutual trust throughout the last decade, which, on one hand, helped calm Russian people’s anxiety on account of Chinese migration to regions of the Far East and Siberia, and on the other – without any serious incidents lighten certain delicate aspects of Russian-Chinese relations which had emerged in the past.
Sociology of education: multi-shift schooling in Ulaanbaatar
Authors: Munkhbat Orolmaa , Bouraenjargaal Taegshaee , Moonkhtoor Dashzaewaeg
Published: June 2019

This article analyzes multi-shift schooling and its effect on the quality of education in the city of Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia. Highlighted are the features, advantages and shortcomings of multi-shift schooling, achievements of middle-school pupils, satisfaction of parents and pupils with the quality and accessibility of education. Also evaluated are opinions on multi-shift schooling. After the downfall of socialism and a transition towards a free market, multiple migratory flows from provinces to the country’s capital city have led to a specific increase of the population, and as a result of government policy to admit all 6-year old children into schools, as well as an increased strain on account of transitioning from a 10-year education system to a new 12-year one, schools have encountered a lack of funds, as well as a shortage of teachers and equipment. In an attempt to solve these issues, some schools have increased the amount of pupils attending one class to 45 or more, while also instituting a third shift, which has become common practice among many of Ulaanbaatar’s middle-schools. Within the framework of a 2016 research project, the Mongolian State University’s department of sociology and social work has conducted research and evaluated the multi-shift schooling system, while utilizing various research methods (survey, interview, observation, content analysis). Under the guise of a study called “Multiple shifts in Ulaanbaatar’s secondary schools and the quality of education”, conducted in 2016-2017, scientific approaches were used such as structural functionalism, phenomenology and exchange theory in order to analyze qualitative and quantitative data. A multi-shift schooling system, especially one with three shifts, creates some serious problems. Based on our research, the main parties concerned (teachers, parents and pupils) for the most part see it as detrimental to the quality of education, and as a liability when it comes to pupils’ opportunity to enroll into the highest tier universities, given that those who go to schools working three shifts receive 20% less learning hours compared to schools working two shifts. Three shifts were introduced mainly in schools attended by children from vulnerable social groups. Such a practice creates social discrimination and violates children’s rights to an equal and quality education. 17.9% of respondents who took part in our study receive an income of less than 185,000 tugriks a month (which is less than 80 USD), while 5.4% have no income at all. A three shift system of schooling has a negative effect on health and safety in the school environment, with an increase in the disease rate among children and the number of absences.
Türkiye-Çin İlişkilerinde Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi'nin Önemi
Authors: AKDAĞ Zekeriyya
Published: June 2019

ÖZET

1978’de
başlayan “Reform ve Dışa açılma” politikasının kırkıncı yılını geride bırakan Çin,
dünya ekonomisinin motor gücü haline gelmiştir. Çin Devlet Başkan Xi Jinping’in
2013 yılında başlattığı “Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi”nin, dünya nüfusunun en az üçte
ikisini ve 70 civarında ülkeyi etkilemesi beklenmektedir. Girişim karadan ve
denizden Asya’yı Avrupa’ya ve Afrika’ya bağlayan bir ticaret ve altyapı ağı
kurmayı hedeflemektedir. Çin’in modern ipek yolu olarak sunduğu “Kuşak ve Yol
Girişimi”, geçtiği güzergahta yer alan ülke ekonomilerini hızla gelişmekte olan
Çin ekonomisine entegre etmeyi hedeflemektedir. 

Çin’in
modern ipek yolu projesi, Türkiye-Çin ilişkilerinde yapısal değişime yol
açabilecek potansiyeller barındırmaktadır. Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi iki ülke
arasındaki ilişkilerin daha yüksek bir seviyeye ulaşmasına olanak sağlayacaktır.
Bu çalışmada Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’nin Çin-Türkiye ilişkilerinin gelişimindeki
önemi analiz edilecektir. Bu bağlamda girişimin yaratacağı fırsatlar ve
tehditler değerlendirilecektir.
OVERCOMING RELIGIOUS VIOLENCE THROUGH THE “MERCY-CENTRIC” THEOLOGY OF IBN ARABI
Authors: CAVUS Cennet Ceren
Published: June 2019

“Religious violence”, which is a popular issue in our day discussed particularly in relation to Islam, is kept on the agenda. It is mainly discussed by sociologists and political scientists though people who study religion should have something to say. Behind every human behavior, there are some conscious or unconscious intellectual reasons. What lies behind religious violence is a theological perspective which justifies violent crimes in the name of religion. When it comes to Islam the “power-centric” theology that prioritizes God’s justice, seems to be the reason for religious violence. Ibn Arabi’s “mercy-centric” theological perspective is an alternative to that theological approach. In this paper, I will argue that the “mercy-centric” approach of Ibn Arabi could be a solution to the problem of religious violence.