bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of financial knowledge in realizing financial behavior: is it any mediating effect of financial attitudes and self-efficacy?
Authors: Maulida H Ardiana , Indarto Indarto , Santoso Aprih
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of financial knowledge on financial behavior with financial attitudes and self-efficacy as mediating variables. The population of this research is that all students in Semarang are unknown. The number of respondents to 96 people. The sample selection method is purposive sampling, namely: students have taken courses in financial management and intermediate financial accounting and the analytical tool used in this study was Warp PLS version 5.0. The results showed that financial knowledge has a positive and significant direct effect on financial attitudes, self-efficacy and financial behavior of students in Semarang City, so that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted. Financial attitudes and self-efficacy have a positive and significant direct effect on the financial behavior of students in Semarang City, so that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted. Financial attitudes and self-efficacy do not mediate the effect of financial knowledge on financial behavior of students in Semarang City.
CELEBRANDO OS CENTENÁRIOS INACIANOS
Authors: Costa Alfredo Sampaio , Zas Friz Rossano
Published: August 2021

A Companhia de Jesus celebra nesse ano de 2021/2022 dois centenários: os 500 anos da ferida de Inácio na batalha de Pamplona e os 400 anos da canonização de Inácio e convida a todos e todas a celebrarem com ela a oportunidade de caminharmos também para uma maior conversão e transformação interior ao serviço de Deus na Igreja. O tema escolhido para esse ano inaciano é muito inspirador: “Ver novas todas as coisas em Cristo”. Refere-se a experiência de iluminação espiritual que Inácio teve às margens do Rio Cardoner, em Manresa, que ele conta na sua Autobiografia (n. 30). (...)
ESPIRITUALIDADE INACIANA E VOCAÇÃO LAICAL: TESTEMUNHOS FEMININOS
Authors: Serrato Andreia Cristina , Mariani Ceci Maria Costa Baptista
Published: August 2021

Esta pesquisa pretende ser uma reflexão sobre a centralidade do discernimento para a vocação cristã laical, a qual busca a santidade no envolvimento com o mundo, tendo como base os Exercícios Espirituais de Santo Inácio de Loyola, a partir do acompanhamento realizado por mulheres durante os Exercícios Espirituais inacianos. Destacam-se, aqui, testemunhos femininos sobre a prática do discernimento inaciano, palavras de mulheres que, além da experiência de fazer os Exercícios, atuam como orientadoras e acompanhantes. O método utilizado foi o das narrativas orais, testemunhos femininos sobre a prática do acompanhamento espiritual, e a metodologia para o recrutamento das mulheres foi o snowball. Considerando que o discernimento é fundamental para o crescimento espiritual do(a) leigo(a), pode-se afirmar que, pelo lugar central que o discernimento ocupa, a espiritualidade inaciana tem uma grande contribuição para o aprofundamento de uma espiritualidade laical, através do acompanhamento espiritual das mulheres, dando, assim, visibilidade a essa experiência.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Espiritualidade cristã. Exercícios Espirituais Inacianos. Testemunho feminino.
“FAREMOS NELE MORADA”: A INTIMIDADE ENTRE JESUS E SEUS SEGUIDORES E A UNIDADE DO EVANGELHO DE JOÃO
Authors: Dorneles Vanderlei
Published: August 2021

O debate acadêmico acerca da unidade literária do quarto evangelho se desdobra em inúmeros desafios narrativos, textuais e exegéticos. Aparentes rupturas no fluxo da narrativa, dados de geografia e topografia e informações desencontradas levaram alguns estudiosos a propor esquemas de reorganização do texto de João. No entanto, estudos literários mais recentes indicam estruturas de organização interna e sistemas temáticos unificadores ao longo desse evangelho. Este artigo apresenta uma breve revisão da questão para em seguida tratar do tema unificador da relação íntima e de pertença entre Jesus e seus seguidores, possibilitada pela descida do Espírito. Essa relação se aprofunda nos discursos de despedida em João 13-17, mas que também se enraíza por todo o livro. O tema da relação de proximidade evidencia uma sólida unidade entre o prólogo do evangelho e suas duas seções maiores: Jesus e o mundo (1-12) e Jesus e seus discípulos (13-17).
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Evangelho de João. Estudos críticos. Unidade literária. Narrativa. Teologia.
Decomposition of Dimethoate and Omethoate in Aqueous Solutions – Half-Life, Neurotoxicity and Mechanism of Hydrolysis
Authors: Anićijević Vladan J. , Petković Milena , Pašti Igor A , Lazarević-Pašti Tamara
Published: August 2021

Organophosphate pesticides are used in large quantities. However, they exhibit toxic effects on non-target organisms. Dimethoate and its oxo-analog omethoate inhibit acetylcholinesterase and are toxic for mammals. Moreover, they show extreme toxicity for bees. Once in the environment, they undergo chemical transformations and decomposition. We show that dime-thoate and omethoate decompose rapidly in alkaline aqueous solutions (half-lives 5.7 and 0.89 days) but are highly stable in acidic solutions (half-lives 124 and 104 days). These differences are explained using quantum chemical calculations, indicating that a weaker P–S bond in omethoate is more susceptible to hydrolysis, particularly at a high pH. The toxicity of these pesticides solutions decreases over time, indicating that no or very little highly toxic omethoate is formed during hydrolysis. Presented data can be used to predict dimethoate and omethoate concentrations in contaminated water depending on pH. Presented results suggest that alkaline hydrolysis of organophosphates has an advantage over other techniques for their removal since there is no risk of omethoate accumulation and increased toxicity of contaminated water.
Discovering the Arrow of Time in Machine Learning
Authors: Kasmire J. , Zhao Anran
Published: August 2021

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly useful as data grows in volume and accessibility as it can perform tasks (e.g. categorisation, decision making, anomaly detection, etc.) through experience and without explicit instruction, even when the data are too vast, complex, highly variable, full of errors to be analysed in other ways , . Thus, ML is great for natural language, images, or other complex and messy data available in large and growing volumes. Selecting a ML algorithm depends on many factors as algorithms vary in supervision needed, tolerable error levels, and ability to account for order or temporal context, among many other things. Importantly, ML methods for explicitly ordered or time-dependent data struggle with errors or data asymmetry. Most data are at least implicitly ordered, potentially allowing a hidden `arrow of time’ to affect non-temporal ML performance. This research explores the interaction of ML and implicit order by training two ML algorithms on Twitter data before performing automatic classification tasks under conditions that balance volume and complexity of data. Results show that performance was affected, suggesting that researchers should carefully consider time when selecting appropriate ML algorithms, even when time is only implicitly included.
Investigation of Atmospheric Conditions Associated with a Storm Surge in the South-West of Iran
Authors: Abbasi Esmaeil , Etemadi Hana , Smoak Joseph , Rousta Iman , Olafsson Haraldur , Baranowski Piotr , Krzyszczak Jaromir
Published: August 2021

Severe thunderstorms are often accompanied by strong vertical air currents, temporary wind gusts, and heavy rainfall. The development of this atmospheric phenomenon over tropical shallow water zones, such as bays, can lead to intensification of atmospheric disturbances and produce a small-scale storm surge. Here, the storm surge that occurred on 19 March 2017 in the Persian Gulf coastal area has been investigated. Air temperature, precipitation, mean sea level pressure, wave height, wind direction, wind speed, geopotential height, zonal components, meridional winds, vertical velocity, relative humidity, and specific humidity obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF (and Global Forecast System (FNL) were used to implement the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results showed that the main cause of the storm surge was the occurrence of a supercell thunderstorm over the Persian Gulf. The formation of this destructive phenomenon resulted from a downburst under Cumulonimbus cloud and high-velocity air subsidence, after collision with the sea surface coinciding with the high tide. This caused a severe, yet temporary, gust, which in turn caused the creation of the four waves of 3.1 m height along the coast of Bandar Dayyer.
Nucleic Acid Liquid Biopsies in Alzheimer’s Disease: Current State, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Soelter Tabea M. , Whitlock Jordan H. , Williams Avery S. , Hardigan Andrew A. , Lasseigne Brittany N.
Published: August 2021

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease and affects persons of all races, ethnic groups, and sexes. The disease is characterized by neuronal loss leading to cognitive decline and memory loss. There is no cure and the effectiveness of existing treatments is limited and depends on the time of diagnosis. The long prodromal period, during which patients’ ability to live a normal life is not affected despite neuronal loss, often leads to a delayed diagnosis because it can be mistaken for normal aging of the brain. In order to make a substantial impact on AD patients, early diagnosis may provide a greater therapeutic window for future therapies to slow AD-associated neurodegeneration. Current gold standards for disease detection include magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scans, which visualize amyloid β and phosphorylated tau depositions and aggregates. Liquid biopsies, already an active field of research in precision oncology, are hypothesized to provide early disease detection through minimally or non-invasive sample collection techniques. Liquid biopsies in Alzheimer’s disease have been studied in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, ocular, oral, and olfactory fluids. However, most of the focus has been on blood and cerebrospinal fluid due to biomarker specificity and sensitivity attributed to the effects of the blood-brain barrier and inter-laboratory variation during sample collection. Many studies have identified amyloid β and phosphorylated tau levels as putative biomarkers, however, advances in next-generation sequencing-based liquid biopsy methods have led to significant interest in identifying nucleic acids species associated with Alzheimer’s disease from liquid tissues. Differences in cell-free RNAs and DNAs have been described as potential biomarkers for AD and hold the potential to affect disease diagnosis, treatment, and future research avenues.
Nonlinear Generalisation of Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Jamali Alireza
Published: August 2021

A new definition for quantum-mechanical momentum is proposed which yields novel nonlinear generalisations of Schrödinger and Klein-Gordon equations. It is thence argued that the superposition and uncertainty principles as they stand cannot have general validity.
Electronic Transport Mechanisms Correlated to Structural Properties of a Reduced Graphene Oxide Sponge
Authors: Pinto Nicola , McNaughton Benjamin A. , Minicucci Marco , Milošević Milorad V. , Perali Andrea
Published: August 2021

We report morpho-structural properties and charge conduction mechanisms of a foamy “graphene sponge”, having a density as low as ≈ 0.07 kg/m3 and a carbon to oxygen ratio C:O ≃ 13:1. The spongy texture analysed by scanning electron microscopy is made of irregularly-shaped millimetres-sized small flakes, containing small crystallites with a typical size of ≃ 16.3 nm. A defect density as high as ≃ 2.6×1011 cm−2 has been estimated by the Raman intensity of D and G peaks, dominating the spectrum from room temperature down to ≃ 153 K. Despite the high C:O ratio, the graphene sponge exhibits an insulating electrical behavior, with a raise of the resistance value at ≃ 6 K up to 5 orders of magnitude with respect to the room temperature value. A variable range hopping (VRH) conduction, with a strong 2D character, dominates the charge carriers transport, from 300 K down to 20 K. At T< 20 K, graphene sponge resistance tends to saturate, suggesting a temperature-independent quantum tunnelling. The 2D-VRH conduction originates from structural disorder and is consistent with hopping of charge carriers between sp2 defects in the plane, where sp3 clusters related to oxygen functional groups act as potential barriers.
Preterm placental abruption. Epidemiology, risk factors. Systematic review
Authors:   Republican Perinatal Center, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation, Rudakova I.S. , Shifman E.M. ,   M.F.Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gumenyuk E.G. ,   Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation, Tikhova G.P. ,   Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Preterm placental abruption is a multifactorial pregnancy complication, the etiology of which remains uncertain, and the risk of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality is high. Over the past decade, the profile of obstetric patients has changed, as well as the approaches to medical care, and some risk factors for preterm placental abruption have also been revised. Objective. To summarize current knowledge about the epidemiology and causes of preterm placental abruption. Materials and methods. The search for publications was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Google Scholar by four reviewers independently from January 1, 2017 to March 31, 2020. Clinical case reports, conference abstracts and studies with no comparison group were excluded. Results. Thirty-four studies involving 20,833,192 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 193,114 were diagnosed with preterm placental abruption, with an incidence of 0.93% (after excluding five studies with cross-sectional design, the overall incidence of preterm placental abruption decreased to 0.83%). According to the results obtained, among the undoubted risk factors for preterm placental abruption were smoking (odds ratio (OR) 1.72–13.0), anemia (OR 1.36–2.44), chronic kidney disease (OR 3.72– 5.51), the Negroid race (OR 1.47–3.59), uterine scar (OR 1.53–6.33) and uterine anomalies (OR 3.35–4.69). Contradictory information was received about the negative impact of the following factors: maternal age, assisted reproductive technologies, gynecological diseases, alcohol, various air pollutants and hot weather. Obesity was among the risk factors that did not affect preterm placental abruption (OR 0.81–0.74). Conclusion. The risk factors presented in the review were divided into groups. In the first two, timely correction of lifestyle and/or prescription of medicines can reduce the probability of preterm placental abruption. The third group is represented by risk factors, most of which are beyond regulation. However, to fully understand the etiology of preterm placental abruption, further qualitative studies with their more frequent systematization are required. Key words: pregnancy, ischemic placental disease, preterm placental abruption, risk factors, epidemiology
The Hematopoietic Stem Cells Promise to Support Men more than Women
Authors:   Department of Haematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tarbyat Modares University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Abroun Saeid , Abbaspanah Bahareh ,   Cord Blood Bank, Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Tehran, Iran,   Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Mozdgir Ashkan ,   Cord Blood Bank, Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Tehran, Iran,   Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Haematological parameters such as haemoglobin, haematocrit and red blood cells are very important in determining health and physiological status of a human. It is perceived that the haematological parameters level can change depending on the person`s age and gender. We designed a study to investigate the differences among Persian males and females. Materials and Methods. Totally 2434 healthy people were selected randomly for this research. The Hgb, HCT and RBC amounts were recorded individually. Also, the colony-forming unit assay results of 32 622 newborns’ cord blood was investigated. Results. The outcome has shown that females have the lower haematological parameters amounts rather than males. The amounts of these parameters decrease in men over 35 years of age, but since females in their middle age have significant decline in Hgb, HCT and RBC values, their haematological parameters increase in their blood after middle age. Moreover, the colony assay results indicated that the myeloid progenitor in the cord blood of newborn boys is more than in newborn girls. Conclusion. In conclusion, the variation in haematological parameters in different genders throughout a person’s life is related to various factors such as hormonal changes and hematopoietic stem cells differentiation in cord blood. Key words: haematological parameters, haemoglobin, haematocrit, red blood cell, colony-forming unit assay, hematopoietic stem cells, cord blood, age, male, female
The value of fetal transverse cerebellar diameter in diagnosing fetal growth restriction
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gagaev D.Ch. , Loginova E.V. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

This study is an analysis of literary sources devoted to the use of transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) and its relation to fetal abdominal circumference in the diagnosis of fetal growth restriction and determination of gestational age. All available research works on this subject were reviewed and a summary table with the results of the twenty-five most significant of them was compiled. The relevance of transferring TCD from the category of additional fetometry parameters to the category of standard fetometry parameters was indicated. Key words: fetal growth restriction, fetal growth retardation, transverse cerebellar diameter, gestational age, fetometry
Morphological features of dichorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancy complicated by intrauterine death of two fetuses in the surrogacy program
Authors: Trifonova N.S. , Rudenko E.E. , Lavrent'eva K.I. , Aleksandrov L.S. , Zhukova E.V. , Kogan E.A. , Demura T.A. , Protsenko D.D. , Nikonov A.P. , Ishchenko A.I.
Published: August 2021

A clinical case of management of a pregnant woman (surrogacy) with dichorionic triamniotic triplets, self-reduction of one fetus from triplets in the gestation period of 13 weeks, intrauterine death of the second fetus at week 20 of pregnancy and delivery of the third live fetus in full-term pregnancy. Key words: surrogacy, triplets, multiple pregnancy, intrauterine fetal death, immunological tolerance
Intravaginal probiotic therapy as a way to manage genital HPV infection in women
Authors:   Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg, Russian Federation, Oleynik V.V. , Kremleva E.A. ,   Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg, Russian Federation,   Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis UB RAS, Orenburg, Russian Federation, Semenov A.V. ,   Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis UB RAS, Orenburg, Russian Federation, Sgibnev A.V. ,   Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg, Russian Federation,   Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis UB RAS, Orenburg, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Objective. To study the possibility of managing human papillomavirus (HPV) infection using intravaginal probiotic therapy. Patients and methods. In the first phase, a retrospective analysis of outpatient medical records of 125 patients for 2 years was caried out to assess the HPV infection outcomes depending on the initial viral load and the state of normal microbial flora. In the second phase (prospective analysis), 43 HPV-positive patients with Lactobacillus deficiency who received (n = 20) or did not receive (n = 23) intravaginal probiotic were selected. The dynamics of HPV viral load were evaluated during the study. The dynamics of Lactobacillus abundance under the influence of probiotic in the groups with different HPV infection outcomes were analyzed. Results. The outcome of HPV infection with HPV viral load of ≤5 lg DNA copies/106 cells depended on the state of normal microbial flora; the value of normal microbial flora with HPV viral load of 5 lg DNA copies/106 cells was not significant. Intravaginal probiotic therapy in combination with antiviral drug in HPV-positive patients with Lactobacillus deficiency was more effective in improving the HPV infection outcomes. A decrease in viral load or HPV elimination was more likely to occur if normal microbial flora was restored as a result of probiotic therapy. Conclusion. Adding intravaginal probiotic therapy with Lactoginal® to antiviral treatment is an effective way to manage HPV infection in the female reproductive tract. Key words: human papillomavirus, vagina, lactobacilli, cervix, epithelial cells
Incidence and causes of iron deficiency among people of small ethnic groups of the North (Khanty and Mansi) residing in urban areas and those preserving their traditional lifestyle (residing in camps and villages): experience of using iron supplements
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Solovyova A.V. , Chegus L.A. ,   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Objective. To study the health status of women from among the small-numbered indigenous peoples of the North (SIPN), including those leading a traditional way of life in camps and rural areas. Patients and methods. Using continuous sampling method, a prospective analysis of complaints, anamnestic, anthropometric, and laboratory data was carried out in female patients from among SIPN (Khanty and Mansi) living in rural areas and camps, as well as in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. The comparison group consisted of women from the migrant population (Russians) living in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. Results. The greatest number of health disorders was found among SIPN who migrated to the city in the first and second generations. Overweight was observed in 46.2% of women in this cohort, obesity was diagnosed in 19.2% of women. Heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding was the main cause of iron deficiency (11.5%) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) (30.8%) in the group of SIPN living in the city. IDA of mild severity occurred in 19.2% of patients, and of moderate severity – in 11.5%. Conclusion. Iron metabolism disorders were observed in 42.3% of women from among SIPN who migrated to the city. Iron(III)- hydroxide polymaltose complex (Ferrum Lek®), which is used in the complex therapy of gynecological diseases (menstrual disorders) and gastrointestinal diseases, has high efficiency, good tolerability and the least number of adverse effects. This makes it possible to recommend it for the treatment of IDA and for the replenishment of iron stores in women in both SIPN and newcomer populations. Key words: anemia, iron deficiency, female residents of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area-Yugra, small-numbered indigenous peoples of the North (Khanty and Mansi), Ferrum Lek
Endometrial microbiome in women with multiple failed in vitro fertilization cycles
Authors:   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Barinova V.V. ,   “Professor Bushtyreva Clinic” LLC, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Kuznetsova N.B. ,   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation,   “Professor Bushtyreva Clinic” LLC, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Bushtyreva I.O. ,   “Professor Bushtyreva Clinic” LLC, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Sokolova K.M. ,   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Polev D.E. ,   Medical Genetics Center “Serbalab”, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Aseev M.V. ,   Medical Genetics Center “Serbalab”, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Barbitov Yu.A. ,   Medical Genetics Center “Serbalab”, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Dudurich V.V. ,   Medical Genetics Center “Serbalab”, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Objective. To assess endometrial microbiome in women with infertility and multiple failed in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Patients and methods. The study included 42 women; group 1 consisted of 22 women aged 20 to 42 with infertility and repeated unsuccessful IVF cycles; in group 2 (control), there were 20 healthy women aged 20 to 42 years, planning pregnancy. Microbiome samples for the study were taken from 20 to 24 days of the menstrual cycle. Results. Higher relative concentrations of Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus crispatus, Prevotella melaninogenica, Bacteroides vulgatus, Corynebacterium bouchesdurhonense, Bacteroides caccae, Bifidobacterium gallinarum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis were revealed in the group of healthy women without aggravating factors in obstetric and gynecological medical history. Higher relative concentrations of Methylobacterium aerolatum and Comamonas testosteroni were found in women in group 1. A distinctive feature of endometrial microbiota in women in this group was the presence of Streptococcus spp. and Gardnerella vaginalis in low concentrations. The average relative representation of the genus Lactobacillus was 34.4% in group 1 and 63.0% in group 2. In general, the composition of the uterine microbiome contained bacteria characteristic of oral and intestinal biotopes. Conclusion. Women with multiple failed IVF cycles have greater biodiversity than healthy women. The presence of high concentrations of Lactobacillus may be a marker of favorable reproductive outcomes. Key words: endometrial microbiome, failure, in vitro fertilization, Lactobacillus
Diagnosis and surgical correction of isthmocele after caesarean section
Authors:   Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mikhaelyan N.S. , Bryunin D.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Khokhlova I.D. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Dzhibladze T.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ishchenko A.I. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Nizkaya E.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gadaeva I.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Svidinskaya E.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ushkova A.D. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Chushkov Yu.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Objective. To compare the efficacy of different methods of surgical correction of isthmocele after caesarean section. Patients and methods. The study included 56 patients aged 29–41 years, who were divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 16) – patients who underwent surgical laparoscopy with suturing the uterine wound with single-row separate muscularmuscular sutures; group 2 (n = 23) – patients after repair of the uterus with a double-row continuous seromuscular and muscular-muscular suture performed by laparoscopy; group 3 (n = 17) consisted of patients who underwent laparotomy and suturing the uterine wound with a double-row continuous suture. Results. We developed a three-stage plastic and reconstructive surgical laparotomic and laparoscopic program in case of the uterine scar incompetence, which improved the quality of life in all patients. Pregnancy occurred 9–14 months after plastic and reconstructive surgery on the uterus and resulted in timely surgical delivery in 4 (25%) patients in group 1, in 7 (30.4%) patients in group 2 and in 3 (17.6%) patients in group 3. Two (12.5%) patients in group 1 and three (13.04%) patients in group 2 were observed during pregnancy with a period of 10–28 weeks. Conclusion. The use of laparoscopy ensured better visualization of anatomical structures (vessels, nerves, ureters, bladder), which led to a decrease in intraoperative blood loss, in the risk of damage to adjacent organs and in the development of adhesions, and to accelerated postoperative rehabilitation of patients. Key words: double-row suture, istmocele, laparoscopy, metroplasty
Modification of metabolic disorders in the pathogenesis of spontaneous preterm birth
Authors:   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Krukier I.I. , Levkovich M.A. ,   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Avrutskaya V.V. ,   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Kravchenko L.V. ,   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Nikashina A.A. ,   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Petrov Yu.A. ,   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Objective. To determine the levels of interleukins, neopterin, S100β protein in amniotic fluid and cord blood, show their role in the pathogenesis of preterm birth and perinatal injury of the central nervous system (CNS) in newborns. Patients and methods. The study included 77 women randomly selected by simple randomization. A single-center, singlestage, controlled, randomized trial was conducted, which included 77 women comprising two groups: the main group – 33 patients with spontaneous preterm birth (35–37 weeks) and the control group – 44 women with the physiological course of pregnancy and childbirth (38–40 weeks). All newborns were also examined. The levels of interleukins IL-33 and IL-4, as well as neopterin and S100β protein were determined in amniotic fluid and cord blood by a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. It was found that the increased production of interleukins and neurospecific proteins under study have a negative effect on the body of the pregnant woman and the fetus, which leads to serious pregnancy complications such as premature birth and perinatal CNS injury. Conclusion. The identified patterns provide a basis for the development of schemes for predicting preterm birth, which will improve perinatal outcomes and the health status of newborns. Key words: S100β protein, interleukins, neopterin, amniotic fluid, spontaneous preterm birth
Prevention of placental pathology in the second trimester in pregnant women at risk
Authors:   Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola, Russian Federation, Cherepanova N.A. ,   Volzhsk Central City Hospital, Volzhsk, Russian Federation, Zamaleeva R.S. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russian Federation, Frizina A.V. ,   Volzhsk Central City Hospital, Volzhsk, Russian Federation, Yupatov E.Yu. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russian Federation, Zhelezova M.E. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Objective. To justify drug-based preventive treatment in the second trimester of pregnancy in women at risk of developing placental pathology in order to reduce the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes. Patients and methods. A comprehensive analysis of the course and outcomes of pregnancies in 598 women was carried out. Each pregnant woman at 11-13 weeks was assigned to a low-, moderate- or high-risk group of developing placental pathology with the use of designed scale. In the main group, 299 pregnant women did not receive medications in the second trimester, and 299 patients in the comparison group, who were selected by matching method (copy-pasted pairs), if there was a risk in the second trimester, received treatment including micronized progesterone, vitamin D, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, magnesium citrate and in case of medical indications – antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants. In risk groups, dynamic cardiotocography (CTG) was performed at 16 and 20 weeks on the General Meditech device. Results and conclusion. Administration of the recommended set of medicines in the second trimester made it possible to achieve a decrease in the incidence of pre-eclampsia by 2.9 times, gestational hypertension – by 2.4 times, disorders of the placental circulation – by 3.6 times, fetal growth restriction – by 2.4 times, neonatal morbidity – by 2.9 times. Carrying out a full complex of drug-based preventive measures in the second trimester of pregnancy had an effect on the CTG parameters, statistically significantly reducing the frequency of unfavorable prognostic factors at 20 weeks compared with the results at 16 weeks. Key words: vitamin D, fetal growth restriction, cardiotocography, placental pathology, pre-eclampsia, progesterone
Playing "Walk And Stop" and Expressive Writing to Reduce Children's Stress During the Covid Pandemic 19
Authors: Budury Syiddatul , Khamida Khamida
Published: August 2021

Covid-19 pandemics occurs all over the world forcing children to study and play at home. Staying at home for a long time is a risks to the occurance of stress due to limited physical activity, children are more often watching TV or playing gadgets. To reduce stress and boredom and to improve children's body movements, it is necessary to do walk and stop playing activity and expressive writing which can decrease stress and increase not only concentration but also reflexes of a child's body. This activity was attended by 16 children aged 6-12 years old at Al Rasyid Alquran Learning Center, Bangkalan. The activities was held  for two days. In day one, the children wrote expressively in a book about knowing children feeling. In day two, they played walk and stop. Their stress level measured by using perceived stress scale for children. In pre test, 14 children was in mild stress level while in post test, 8 children was in mild stress level. The result of this activities indicates that children's stress is decreased. Children and parents are expected to talk to each other more and to do physical activites together so that the children can develop and grow healthy.
The Use of a Dodol Mixer Machine in the Typical Gorontalo Dodol Production House in Reksonegoro Village, Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Zainuddin Muammar , Ibrahim Melinda , Haisah Siti , Hiola Rosmina
Published: August 2021

The small and medium enterprises partners for typical dodol production took longer time in cooking dodol which spend approximately 8 hours by human power. The raw material is traditionally cooked by using firewood. The raw material, heat level of firewood, and the stirring speed determine the quality of dodol produced. This activity of community service aims to apply a technology of stirring machine to produce dodol in a culturally-based enterprise activity. The solution offered to the partners is designing the stirring machine by maintaining the traditional elements for a better product quality. The cantilever body is designed by using two bases permanently planted on the floor of the cooking place so that the partners may still utilize firewood. Its strong design helps a condition of expansion effect caused by the ember. The typical dodol of Gorontalo has a solid thickness texture which requires a bigger machine torque. The driver unit implements an electricity machine of 1 Hp with 1400 rpm of speed.  The electricity machine is connected to a gearbox with a 1:8 ratio aimed to reduce the machine speed.  The stirrer uses a stripe metal designed with an aerodynamics concept. The small and medium enterprises partners are trained to be able to use the stirring machine for an effective process of cooking. The output target of the stirring machine technology are the cooking efficiency with 4 – 5 hours of consuming time, human power efficiency, and the increase of the daily production capacity up to twice
Affine connection representation of gauge fields
Authors: Man Zhao-Hui
Published: August 2021

There are two ways to unify gravitational field and gauge field. One is to represent gravitational field as principal bundle connection, and the other is to represent gauge field as affine connection. Poincar{\'{e}} gauge theory and metric-affine gauge theory adopt the first approach. This paper adopts the second. In this approach:(i) Gauge field and gravitational field can both be represented by affine connection; they can be described by a unified spatial frame.(ii) Time can be regarded as the total metric with respect to all dimensions of internal coordinate space and external coordinate space. On-shell can be regarded as gradient direction. Quantum theory can be regarded as a geometric theory of distribution of gradient directions. Hence, gauge theory, gravitational theory and quantum theory obtain the same geometric foundation and a unified description of evolution.(iii) Coupling constants, chiral asymmetry, PMNS mixing and CKM mixing arise spontaneously as geometric properties in affine connection representation, so they are not necessary to be regarded as direct postulates in the Lagrangian anymore.(iv) The unification theory of gauge fields that are represented by affine connection can avoid the problem that a proton decays into a lepton in theories such as $SU(5)$.(v) There exists a geometric interpretation to the color confinement of quarks.In the affine connection representation, we can get better interpretations to the above physical properties, therefore, to represent gauge fields by affine connection is probably a necessary step towards the ultimate theory of physics.
The Effect of Smoking on Progression From Ductal Carcinoma in Situ to Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Takada Koji , Kashiwagi Shinichiro , Asano Yuka , Goto Wataru , Kouhashi Rika , Yabumoto Akimichi , Morisaki Tamami , Shibutani Masatsune , Takashima Tsutomu , Fujita Hisakazu , Hirakawa Kosei , Ohira Masaichi
Published: August 2021

Background: If ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is diagnosed by histological examination such as core needle biopsy or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB), invasion is often found by removing the entire tumor and performing pathological examination. According to a meta-analysis, the rate of invasion found by postoperative pathological examination is about 25%. Smoking is a risk factor for carcinogenesis in various carcinomas, including breast cancer. We examined the correlation between the risk of invasion found by postoperative pathology and smoking history in patients who were diagnosed with DCIS by preoperative biopsy.Methods: In this study, we examined 128 patients who were diagnosed with DCIS by preoperative biopsy. Before the biopsy, all patients were asked about the duration of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and whether they were currently smoking. The data were used to calculate each patient’s tobacco exposure based on pack-years. The statistical analyses included the Pearson’s chi-square test and logistic analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed on the risk factors for invasion diagnosed by postoperative pathological examination in all cases diagnosed with DCIS by preoperative biopsy.Results: Of all the patients included in this study, 107 (83.5%) never smoked, which represented the majority, while 8 patients (6.3%) smoked at diagnosis with DCIS, and 13 (10.2%) had quit smoking before diagnosis. Tobacco exposure was 10 or less pack-years for 11 patients (8.6%) and more than 10 pack-years for 10 patients (7.8%). Number of pack-years was not an independent factor (p=0.349, odds ratio [OR]=0.329), but current smoker status (p=0.006, OR=not calculable) was an independent factor with VAB (p=0.018, OR=0.327).Conclusions: This study suggests that tobacco components may have an influence on the progression from DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma.
Medical Students in Russia Evaluate the Training During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Student Survey
Authors: Mukharyamova Laysan , Ziganshina Arina , Zhidjaevskij Aleksandr , Galimova Liana , Kuznetsov Maksim
Published: August 2021

Background

The aim of the study was to obtain feedback from medical students in Russia regarding their e-learning experience during COVID-19 Pandemic.
Methods

13 040 students from 46 Medical Schools in Russia completed an original evaluation form validated by 6 experts. Criterion and construct validity were determined in a pilot study (n = 46). The study design was based on the use of Google forms. Participants used the Visual Analog Scale from 1 to 10 to assess the level of knowledge acquired.
Results

95.31% of medical schools in Russia switched to e-learning during the Pandemic. 39.8% of the students stated that the time to prepare for the class has doubled. For 19.9% of them, it increased by one third, while 26.6% did not report any changes. 38,4% of the participants are satisfied with particular elements of e-learning, 27.5% like such a format, 22.9% do not like it, and 11.2% could not answer the question. The average scores for the knowledge assessment were 5.9 for the humanities, 6.1 for fundamental science, and 6.0 for clinical training.
Conclusions

Remote learning was described by medical undergraduates in Russia as the increase in self-instruction time and the decrease in the level of knowledge gained. Only particular components of the “new normal” can be considered for use beyond the pandemic.
Photocatalytic Detoxification of Antibiotic- and Bacteria-Contaminated Water using Cobalt-Doped Ni–Zn Ferrites Magnetic Separable Nanopowders
Authors: Mustafa Faisal Suleiman , Oladipo Akeem Adeyemi , Mizwari Zirar M , Gazi Mustafa
Published: August 2021

Here, metronidazole (MZ) antibiotic degradation and bactericidal efficacy of Co–Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (Co–NZF) with and without photoactivation by UV light is reported as a viable cost-competitive water disinfection solution. Co–NZF has a total pore volume of 0.298 cm3 g− 1, a specific surface area of 70.2 m2 g− 1 and sufficiently high magnetic properties (80.35 emu g− 1). After 360 min of UV–assisted irradiation at pH 3, 10 mg Co–NZF, and 4 mM H2O2, the maximum MZ degradation was reached (92.8%). The adsorption result of 10 mg Co–NZF in the dark for 12 h resulted in 70.2% MZ removal, whereas MZ self-degradation was significantly minimal in a blank trial. In the presence of interfering anions and very high molecular weight tylosin antibiotic, Co–NZF maintained 51.7–75.4% degradation efficiency. The effect of the Co–NZF dosage on the viability of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains showed that 15 mg of the catalyst was sufficient to cause bactericidal activity after 180 min in the presence of UV light, while 25 mg is needed under dark conditions. In addition, when compared to Escherichia coli strains, Co–NZF showed higher inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus in time-kill experiments under dose variation.
Disruption of Tomato TGS Machinery by ToLCNDV Causes Reprogramming of Vascular Tissue Specific TORNADO1 Gene Expression
Authors: Chowdhury Shreya , Basak Shrabani , Das Rohit , Mandal Arunava , Kundu Pallob
Published: August 2021

Leaf curl disease of tomato caused by Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV) inflicts huge economical loss. Disease symptoms resemble leaf developmental defects including abnormal vein architecture. Leaf vein patterning related TORNADO1 gene’s ( SlTRN1 ) transcript level is augmented in virus-infected leaves. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the upregulation of SlTRN1 in vivo we have deployed SlTRN1 promoter-reporter transgenic tomato plants and investigated the gene’s dynamic expression pattern in leaf growth stages and infection. Expression of the gene was delimited in the vascular tissues and oppressed in growing leaves. Methylation-sensitive PCR analyses confirmed the accumulation of CHH methylation at multiple locations in the SlTRN1 promoter in older leaves. However, ToLCNDV infection reverses the methylation status and restores expression level in the leaf vascular bundle. The virus dampens the level of key maintenance and de novo DNA methyltransferases SlDRM5 , SlMET1 , SlCMT2 with concomitant augmentation of two DNA demethylases, SlDML1 and SlDML2 levels in SlTRN1 promoter-reporter transgenics. Transient overexpression of SlDML2 mimics the virus-induced hypomethylation state of the SlTRN1 promoter in mature leaves. Further, in line with the previous studies, we confirm the crucial role of viral suppressors of RNA silencing AC1 and AC4 proteins in promoting DNA demethylation and directing it to reinstate activated transcription of SlTRN1 in silenced tissues for possible modification of leaf venation architecture, leaf curling and easy vector acquisition of viral particles.
Topic overlap and research waste at the ‘Overviews of systematic reviews’ level: a meta-research study
Authors: Lunny Carole , Zhang Jia He , Chen Alyssa , Neelakant Trish , Shinger Gavindeep , Stevens Adrienne , Tasnim Sara , Sadeghipouya Shadi , Adams Stephen , Zheng Yi Wen , Lin Lester , Yang Pei Hsuan , Dosanjh Manpreet , Ngsee Peter , Ellis Ursula , Shea Beverley J. , Reid Emma K. , Wright James M.
Published: August 2021

Background
Multiple ‘overviews of reviews’ conducted on the same topic (“overlapping overviews”) represent a waste of research resources, and can confuse clinicians who are required to choose among competing treatments. We aimed to assess the frequency and characteristics of overlapping overviews.
Methods
MEDLINE, Epistemonikos and Cochrane databases were searched for overviews that: synthesised reviews of health interventions and conducted systematic searches. Overlap in topic was defined as: duplication of PICO elements, not representing an update of a previous overview, and not a replication. We also categorized the overviews as broad or narrow in scope.
Results
Of 541 overviews identified (2000–2018), 172 (32%) overlapped across similar PICO. The overlapping overviews fell within 13 WHO ICD-10 medical classifications and 63 topics. The overviews may have overlapped partially or completely, such that a similar portion, major component(s), or complete representation of an overview was duplicated. 149/172 (87%) overlapping overviews were characterized as broad in scope. Most frequently, broad overviews had targeted populations for which multiple interventions were addressed (44%), or least frequently, they had a targeted intervention for multiple populations (17%).
Conclusions
One third of overviews overlapped in content with a majority covering broad topic areas, and fewer considering subsets of the evidence. A multiplicity of overviews on the same topic adds to the ongoing waste of research resources, time and effort across medical disciplines. This study and the database of 172 overlapping overviews can provide a guide to authors about which topics are covered, and gaps in the evidence for future analysis.