bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced Knee Flexion Strength 18 Years After ACL Reconstruction With Hamstring Tendon Versus Patellar Tendon
Authors: Popovic Marko , Myhre Julie Rike , Holen Julie Iren Haugseth , Gifstad Tone , Strand Ingebjorg Lokensgard , Strand Torbjorn , Mo Ingunn Fleten , Fischer-Bredenbeck Cornelia , Drogset Jon Olav
Published: September 2024

Background:

Bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) and double-looped semitendinosus and gracilis (hamstring) grafts are commonly used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Short-term and midterm studies show little or no differences between the 2 grafts; however, there are only a few long-term studies to compare results between the 2 grafts.

Purpose:

To compare the results after using either BPTB grafts or hamstring tendon grafts 18 years after ACL reconstruction.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence 2.

Methods:

A total of 114 patients with ACL rupture between 2001 and 2004 were randomized to reconstruction with either a BPTB graft or a hamstring tendon graft. Patients were operated on at 4 major hospitals. The 18-year follow-up evaluation included anterior knee laxity measured with a KT-1000 arthrometer, defined as the primary outcome, while clinical examination (Lachman and pivot-shift tests), isokinetic testing of muscle strength, patient-reported outcome measures, and an assessment of radiographic osteoarthritis using the Kellgren-Lawrence classification were defined as secondary outcomes.

Results:

A total of 96 patients (84%, 47 BPTB and 49 hamstring grafts) were available for follow-up, 71 of these for clinical examination. Seven of 96 patients were excluded for ACL revision (n = 5) or knee replacement (n = 2) surgery. In total, 25 patients (10 BPTB and 15 hamstring grafts) had undergone additional surgery other than ACL revision or total knee arthroplasty. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of anterior laxity test with KT-1000 arthrometer (primary outcome). In secondary outcomes, no significant differences between groups were reported regarding clinical examination, patient-reported outcome scores, or radiographic osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2-4 for patellofemoral joint [18 hamstring and 14 BPTB] or tibiofemoral joint [20 hamstring and 19 BPTB]), while isokinetic testing revealed that the hamstring group had a 10.7% reduction in mean peak flexion torque compared with the BPTB group at 60 deg/s ( df = 59; P = .011). At 60 deg/s the mean total flexion work in the hamstring group was reduced by 17.2% compared with the BPTB group ( df = 59; P = .002).

Conclusion:

The flexion strength in the hamstring group was significantly reduced in the operated knee after 18 years. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding subjective outcomes, patient-reported outcomes, range of motion, clinical and instrumented knee laxity, and the development of osteoarthritis.

Registration:

NCT05876013 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
A cavalpulmonary assist device utilising impedance pumping enhanced by peristaltic effect
Authors: Burns-Cox Arthur P. , Gan Lian , Khir Ashraf W.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Fontan procedure, the standard surgical palliation to treat children with single ventricular defects, causes systemic complications over years due to lack of pumping at cavopulmonary junction. A device developed specifically for cavopulmonary support is thus considered, while current commercial ventricular assist devices (VAD) induce high shear rates to blood, and have issues with paediatric suitability.

Aim:

To demonstrate the feasibility of a small, valveless, non-invasive to blood and pulsatile rotary pump, which integrates impedance and peristaltic effects.

Methods:

A prototype pump was designed and fabricated in-house without any effort to optimise its specification. It was then tested in vitro, in terms of effect of pumping frequency, background pressure differences and pump size on output performance.

Results:

Net flow rate (NFR) and maximum pressure head delivery are both reasonably linearly dependent on pumping frequency within normal physiological range. Positive linearity is also observed between NFR and the extent of asymmetric pumping. The device regulates NFR in favourable pressure head difference and overcomes significant adverse pressure head difference. Additionally, performance is shown to be insensitive to device size.

Conclusions:

The feasibility of the novel rotary pump integrating impedance and peristaltic effects is demonstrated to perform in normal physiological conditions without any optimisation effort. It provides promising results for possible future paediatric cavopulmonary support and warrants further investigation of miniaturisation and possible haemolysis.
Predictive values and relationships of serum PSA levels, delta neutrophil index, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and other hematological parameters in patients with acute prostatitis
Authors: Uyanık Bekir Sami , Cakiroglu Basri , Gozukucuk Ramazan
Published: September 2024

Background:

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive values and relationships of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, delta neutrophil index (DNI), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and other hematological parameters in patients diagnosed with acute prostatitis.

Methods:

Serum PSA levels and hemogram parameters of patients diagnosed with acute prostatitis were retrospectively analyzed. Healthy patients of the same age group were assigned to the control group. WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, thrombocyte (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), NLR, and DNI were determined. Serum total PSA and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also assessed.

Results:

Total PSA levels (3.48 [1.11–6.66]) in the acute prostatitis (AP) group were significantly higher than those of healthy men (0.82 [0.47–1.39]) ( p < 0.001). Total CRP levels (3.88 [1.50–22.03]) in the AP group were significantly higher than those in healthy men (1.15 [0.89–2.00]) ( p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of PSA at a cutoff value of 1.52 were 68.4% and 79.7%, respectively. The NLR value in the AP group was 2.62 (1.87–4.42), compared to 1.63 (1.18–2.20) in the healthy group ( p < 0.001). Differences in WBC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were also statistically significant ( p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in PLT, PCT, or DNI values. Significant positive correlations were observed between PSA, CRP, and DNI values (all p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated the usefulness of NLR, PSA, CRP, and WBC as predictors of acute prostatitis. NLR is a simple, inexpensive inflammation parameter that correlates well with CRP levels.
Utilizing Ethnographical Approaches to Study the Abstract, Intimate, and Dynamic Topic of Trust
Authors: Leppälä Kristina , Kosonen Päivi , Ikonen Mirjami
Published: September 2024

There is an increased need to acquire a more holistic and situated understanding of how and why experiences unfold during real-life situations, especially during research focused on identifying nuanced and dynamic phenomena such as trust. Trust researchers need to revisit and expand their methodological toolkit with immersive qualitative methods for the researching of lived experiences of abstract, intimate, and dynamic experiences. In this article, we discuss two ethnographical approaches to qualitative trust research—autoethnography and at-home ethnography. We illustrate this discussion through two case vignettes from our studies of nuanced and dynamic organizational relationships in which we as researchers were also positioned as a part of the data. We apply philosophical principles connected to reflexivity and provide examples of the researcher as a subject during the study of unfolding vulnerabilities of the field and the researcher.
Copolymerization of novel self-promoted curing phthalonitrile with epoxy resin and its thermal property
Authors: Yan Huaijie , Jia Zhiyi , Jia Dianqiu , Li Zhipeng , Rong Jianxin , Zhang Qingxin , Zhang Fuqiang
Published: September 2024

The disadvantage of poor thermal performance of epoxy resin limits its application in special fields, therefore we improve the thermal performance of epoxy resin by copolymerizing it with phthalonitrile resin. A novel self-promoted curing phthalonitrile monomer containing pyridine rings and amino groups (APNH) was successfully synthesized using 2-amino-4-hydroxypyridine and 4-nitrophthalonitril, and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectra. DSC confirmed that the APNH monomer exhibits curing behavior that is self-promoting. Copolymerizing the APNH monomer with epoxy resin enhances the thermal performance of the epoxy resin. The curing behavior of the EPNH copolymer was studied using DSC, which revealed two distinct curing peaks. FTIR analysis showed that the EPNH copolymer has formed structures such as triazine, phthalocyanine, and isoindoline. The presence of cyano groups significantly enhances the thermal properties of the copolymer, surpassing those of traditional epoxy resins. This enhancement in thermal performance amplifies with an increase in the content of the APNH monomer. The research indicates that the EPNH copolymer exhibits superior thermal stability and elevated glass transition temperatures, facilitating the application of epoxy resin in specialized areas.
Disturbance-observer-based terminal sliding mode control of the quadrotor with thrust deviation fault
Authors: Eskandarzadeh Pouria , Ayati Moosa , Rezaei Parham
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a novel approach utilizing a sliding mode controller to control a quadrotor effectively in the presence of structural faults. While previous research has extensively explored fault-tolerant control for UAVs, particularly addressing faulty actuators and sensors, there remains a significant gap in addressing control methods for quadrotors experiencing structural faults. We focus specifically on scenarios where a fault in one of the quadrotor’s rotors diverts thrust from the vertical axis, complicating traditional control methods. Our proposed method involves two key steps: firstly, identifying the fault vector using a terminal sliding mode observer, and secondly, calculating appropriate control inputs using a sliding mode method based on the estimated fault vector. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of this approach, showing accurate control performance even in the presence of multiple faults and disturbances. The system’s reliability hinges on the convergence of the disturbance observer’s estimation error to zero within a finite time frame. In conclusion, the developed controller offers a dependable solution for safely controlling a faulty quadrotor amidst high nonlinearity and uncertainty.
The efficiency of solar stills with copper-coated sponge cubes for water desalination: A comparative study
Authors: Winstor Jebakumar VS , Rajkumar V , Vijayan S , Veerakumar A
Published: September 2024

Water scarcity within the world may be an enormous threat to living beings. Potable water can be produced by renewable energy using solar desalination. In the quest for efficient water desalination methods, researchers have turned to solar stills as a promising solution. One approach to enhancing the productivity of solar stills is the utilization of copper-coated sponge cubes. These cubes, when integrated into the still, provide extended heating periods, leading to higher temperature differences. This, in turn, improves freshwater production by improving the performance of the modified still. In this work, three basin-type solar stills of each 0.5 m2 area have been studied experimentally in the location of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Comparative studies were done between the solar still modified with sponge materials and the modified solar still with sponges coated with copper powder. In these experimental studies, the various performance characteristics related to solar still efficiency have been examined. The sponges were placed inside the water of the basin. The commercially available copper powder was prepared like a paste and coated in the sponges, and it was increased in size to 0.005 m on all sides. The sponges pasted with copper powder reduce the energy losses from the still due to its high thermal conductivity and the evaporation rate also increased by the capillary action of the sponge. High heat transfer to water also occurred due to the addition of copper powder. From the comparative studies, the solar still with sponge materials coated with copper powder gives a higher yield. The proposed solar still with modifications improves efficiency. The solar still without modification gives a yield of 1.3 kg/day, the modified still with sponges gives an output of 1.5 kg/day and the modified still with copper-coated sponges gives an output of 2.35 kg/day. The copper-coated sponge cubes placed still produced an efficiency of 60.07%.
Gender, War, and Religion: Feminist Perspectives on Pathways to Just Peace
Authors: Zorgdrager Heleen
Published: September 2024

Starting with clashes between Western and Ukrainian feminists, this article discusses basic questions from an intersectional perspective on the relation between gender, war and religion. In the context of Russia’s war against Ukraine, how should a gender-sensitive peace ethics look? Among feminists, as in religious communities, we find radical pacifist positions next to and sometimes conflicting with approaches that draw on traditions of “just war” and/or “just peace.” After discussing the different approaches in Christian tradition, including Eastern traditions, and describing the imperialist nature of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the author highlights the importance of engaging feminist theories of war and militarism in the analysis and how they resonate with practices on the ground in Ukraine. The feminist lens demands attention for the full reality of war, for women’s multilayered agency in war, and for the genderedness of discourses and practices surrounding war heroism and war traumas. Based on such considerations and arguments, the article proposes five “principles” for a feminist political theology on war and peace, as a contribution to the ongoing scholarly debate. Markers on a feminist-theological pathway to just peace may include: reconsidering the notion of sacrifice; fearlessly bringing theology into religious diplomacy; nothing for Ukraine without the voices of Ukrainian women; embracing a paradigm of human security instead of state security; and the remaining challenge to imagine a common future with the enemy beyond the current evil of destruction.
Entrepreneurial Resourcefulness Throughout Crisis
Authors: Scheidgen Katharina , Günzel-Jensen Franziska , Schmidt Simon L.
Published: September 2024

By following 17 entrepreneurial ventures throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, we show how entrepreneurial ventures can resourcefully mobilize resources throughout crisis—when resource constraints and opportunities for resource mobilization shift erratically. In a period marked by significant resource constraints, a temporary field emerged, centered around societal consequences of the crisis and temporarily offered opportunities for resource mobilization. We identified two types of resourcefulness, both of which were successful immediately after the crisis struck. Surprisingly, only leveraging the temporary field enabled resource mobilization throughout the crisis and fostered venture survival, while, despite initial successes, absorbing the temporary field did not.
Investigating Caregivers’ Advocacy Efforts in Early Intervention Using Auto-Photography and Photo-Elicitation Interviews
Authors: Schraml-Block Kristen M. , Ostrosky Michaelene M.
Published: September 2024

Although it is widely known that caregivers advocate for their school-aged children with disabilities, little is understood about how caregivers who have infants and toddlers with delays or disabilities advocate for their young children. The birth-to-three period may be the beginning of some parents’ advocacy efforts and it is possible their efforts may change over time. Given the relevance of this topic and the limited literature, the purpose of this study was to use qualitative inquiry, specifically auto-photography and photo-elicitation interviews, to explore 13 caregivers’ advocacy experiences in their children’s early years. Thematic and constant comparative analyses were used and subsequently 41 major codes within seven categories were identified. The two major findings were (a) caregivers engaged in both individual (i.e., for their children) and outreach advocacy activities (i.e., for other families and children) and (b) their experiences extended beyond interactions with professionals and included everyday interactions with their children, family members and other parents. Directions for future research and implications for practice are discussed.
Female sexual Objectification Among Gay Men: Neural and Cultural Insights
Authors: Ruzzante Daniela , Cogoni Carlotta , Vaes Jeroen
Published: September 2024

Research on sexual objectification has mostly taken a heterosexual perspective and has studied gay men to understand when they become victims rather than agents of this phenomenon. In three studies we investigated gay men as agents of sexual objectification and the underlying motives that guide their biased perceptions. In Study 1, using electroencephalography, gay men showed to objectify women more than men. In Study 2a and Study 2b, results confirmed this tendency and demonstrated that exposure to sexually objectified depictions of women on content-rather than relational-based (social) media was positively related to the sexual objectification of women. Media exposure to female sexualization can increase and explain why women remain the target of sexual objectification regardless of one’s sexual orientation.
Global Events Demand Global Data: COVID-19 Crisis Responses and the Future of Selling and Sales Management Around the Globe
Authors: Rouziou Maria , Bolander Willy , Peesker Karen , Hautamäki Pia , Rangarajan Deva , Samaraweera Manoshi , Bullemore Jorge , Klein Michel , Agnihotri Raj , Jensen Karina Burgdorff , Claro Danny Pimentel , Fournier Christophe , Gonzalez Gabriel R. , Guenzi Paolo , Kadić-Maglajlić Selma , Lai-Bennejean Christine , Palomino-Tamayo Walter , Ramos Carla , Ryals Lynette , Salas Jim , Shi Huanhuan , Squire Philip , Westphal Jörg
Published: September 2024

In the context of the global crisis presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors investigate the perspectives of sales managers regarding their organizations’ responses to the crisis and future expectations in a post-COVID-19 world. While there has been much discussion about these topics in the sales literature, very little research has examined them globally by collecting data from many nations and across many continents. Yet, how can global events be understood without analyzing global data? In response, the authors convened the first, to their knowledge, global data coalition by hosting video-recorded group interviews with 76 sales executives representing 27 nations. This inductive investigation, informed by institutional logics, reveals how organizations accepted new norms, retained old ones, or blended the old with the new in response to the crisis. The results simultaneously validate certain emerging concepts on a global scale (e.g., customer success management, bricolage) and give rise to several insights not currently detailed by extant scholarship (e.g., localization, cultural cringe). This work also catalyzes new, relevant avenues for international research and sheds light on issues facing sales practice globally.
Outcomes After Percutaneous Zadek Osteotomy for Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Hall SarahRose , Schipper Oliver N. , Kaplan Jonathan R. M. , Johnson A. Holly , Gonzalez Tyler A. , Vulcano Ettore
Published: September 2024

Background:

Surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) historically consists of Achilles tendon debridement with reattachment and excision of the posterosuperior calcaneal prominence with or without a gastrocnemius recession. Zadek osteotomy (ZO) is an alternative to an open midline splitting approach. The purpose of this study was to analyze patient-reported outcomes and complications after percutaneously performed ZO with minimum 2 years’ follow-up.

Methods:

One hundred eight cases treated with percutaneous ZO with a minimum 2-year follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative complications and patient satisfaction were evaluated. Foot Function Index (FFI) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded at preoperative and follow-up appointments to measure patients’ functional outcomes and pain, respectively.

Results:

Mean follow-up was 41.2 months (range, 24-65). Mean age was 51.8 years (range, 28-81). The mean FFI score improved from 56.1 (range, 47-88) to 11.0 (range, 7-59) postoperatively ( P < .001). The mean VAS score improved from 7.7 (range, 5-10) to 0.4 (range, 0-7) postoperatively ( P < .001). The overall complication rate was 3.8% (n = 4). Of 104 cases, 98.1% of patients said they were satisfied with their procedure (n = 102) when asked if they were satisfied with their ZO and recovery.

Conclusion:

We found the percutaneous ZO to be a safe and effective intervention for treatment of IAT. At a minimum of 2-year follow-up, this intervention is associated with minimal complications, improved function, reduced pain, and a high rate of patient satisfaction.
Multi-objective parameter optimization of a novel hydraulically interconnected suspension for tri-axle mining dump trucks
Authors: Wang Gangfeng , Wang Wanting , Suo Xuefeng , Du Teng , Wang Di , Liu Xiang
Published: September 2024

The harsh working environment in the mining area has put strict requirements for the suspension system performance of mining dump trucks. To improve the anti-pitch and anti-roll ability of tri-axle mining dump trucks, a new type of hydraulically interconnected suspension system is proposed, including the left-right wheel interconnection in front axle and X-cross interconnection in mid-rear axle (X-HIS). The parameter sensitivity of X-HIS is analyzed, and the significant parameters are optimized. Specifically, a vehicle mechanical-hydraulic coupling model is established based on impedance matrix transfer method. The objective functions are obtained by combining the road spectral density matrix, and accuracy of the model is verified by the accumulator pressure experiment of the mining dump truck. Subsequently, the Morris method is applied to analyze the sensitivity of suspension parameters to the bounce, pitch, and roll modes vibration. The results indicate that the sensitive parameters are the initial pressure and volume of the front accumulator, the inner diameter of damping hole, the initial pressure of mid-rear accumulator, and the area ratio of upper and lower chamber of cylinder. The Pareto solution set shows that there is no conflict between the anti-pitch and anti-roll capabilities of X-HIS. The optimized X-HIS improves the ride comfort and anti-roll ability of the vehicle and balances the anti-pitch performance.
Probiotic set yogurt infused with orange pulp: A multifaceted evaluation of nutritional, antioxidant, and physical attributes
Authors: Azeem Muhammad , Ahmed Jamal , Ur Rehman Muhammad Anees
Published: September 2024

Fortification of yogurt with orange pulp tends to increase its protein network strength resulting in reduced syneresis. The aim of the current study was to prepare set-type orange yogurt with cow milk, skim milk powder, guar gum, and orange pulp at 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0% concentrations, respectively. The changes in proximate, total soluble solid, antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid, and syneresis were assessed. Yogurt was stored for consecutive three weeks during that duration all attributes were evaluated weekly. Set-type orange pulp incorporated yogurt significantly increased the fat (3.91% to 4.9%), protein (3.90% to 3.94%), moisture (84% to 84.80%), total soluble solids (16.01% to 18.51%), ascorbic acid (16.99% to 20.43%), and syneresis (28.90% to 29.94%), respectively. Overall results indicate that 4% orange pulp-enriched set-type yogurt presented more stable parameters as compared to other formulas.
Rosuvastatin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis as a Result of Drug Interaction With Sitagliptin: A Case Report
Authors: Atapour Abdolamir , Momenzadeh Mahnaz , Panahishokouh Mahsa , Badri Shirinsadat
Published: September 2024

Rhabdomyolysis was not reported in clinical trials with Sitagliptin alone. However, several reports in the literature on rhabdomyolysis resulted from the interaction between statins and Sitagliptin. In patients with type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia, it is expected to co-prescribe statins and Sitagliptin. Herein, we report the case of a 64-year-old woman with rhabdomyolysis should be caused by a drug-drug interaction between Rosuvastatin and Sitagliptin. The patient denied any history of weakness or myalgia during past medical assessments.
Toward a citizen science framework for public policy evaluation: Lessons from a field experiment on Freedom of Information laws in Belgium
Authors: Esposito Giovanni , Cicatiello Lorenzo , Mabillard Vincent , Lucio Gaeta Giuseppe
Published: September 2024

This study pioneers the use of citizen science in evaluating Freedom of Information laws, with a focus on Belgium, where since its 1994 enactment, Freedom of Information’s effectiveness has remained largely unexamined. Utilizing participatory methods, it engages citizens in assessing transparency policies, significantly contributing to public policy evaluation methodology. The research identifies regional differences in Freedom of Information implementation across Belgian municipalities, highlighting that larger municipalities handle requests more effectively, while administrations generally show reluctance to respond to requests from perceived knowledgeable individuals. This phenomenon reflects a broader European caution toward well-informed requesters. By integrating citizen science, this study not only advances our understanding of Freedom of Information law effectiveness in Belgium but also advocates for a more inclusive, collaborative approach to policy evaluation. It addresses the gap in researchers’ experience with citizen science, showcasing its vast potential to enhance participatory governance and policy evaluation.
Pushing against the panic: Considering the positives of TikTok and children
Authors: Rodriguez Aleesha , Zhao Xinyu
Published: September 2024

This short commentary is intended to be provocative, as we argue the importance of considering ‘other’ aspects of children's everyday experiences of TikTok. We argue the need to be cautious about how the risks of TikTok, and digital platforms at large, for children are often amplified at the expense of erasing public awareness about the joy, connection, and creativity that many children and young people also experience on these emerging platforms. Through this work, we call for a shift in perspective in our research community: a shift that moves away from the assumptions (re)produced by policymakers and media, towards an approach grounded in children's everyday experiences so as to consider the implications of TikTok for children in a positive and generative manner.
Becoming a new type of teacher: The case of experienced British-trained educators transitioning to the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme abroad
Authors: Walker Vanessa , Bunnell Tristan
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the experiences of six British-trained teachers who moved from teaching GCSE in state-funded schools in England to teach in two separate English-speaking well-established traditional international schools in Northern Europe where they began to teach the International Baccalaureate’s Middle Years Programme (IBMYP). The nature of the IBMYP, with its student-centred focus and conceptual framework, deviates greatly from the dominant, typically prescriptive approach of the GCSE. The demands of the IBMYP, which are represented in the IB’s institutional pillars, exert significant influence over both new and experienced teachers to induce a change in identity as they gradually shift to becoming an ‘IBMYP Educator’. Using semi-structured interviews and thematic data analysis, this qualitative study examines teacher identity factors and seeks to understand the process of this identity shift. Using Goffman’s Frame Analysis, the themes are presented as metaphors, helping us to realise the experience of transition, as the teachers shifted from feeling temporarily de-skilled to re-skilled. A sense of authenticity and freedom was felt to be the eventual outcome after an initial phase of being ‘adrift’ and in unsettled ‘survival mode’.
Diagnosed and undiagnosed cough-related stress urinary incontinence in women with refractory or unexplained chronic cough: Its impact on general health status and quality of life
Authors: Arismendi Ebymar , Puente-Maestu Luis , Domingo Christian , Dávila Ignacio , Quirce Santiago , González-Barcala Francisco Javier , Crespo-Lessmann Astrid , Sánchez-Jareño Marta , Rivas-Pardinas Cristina , Cea-Calvo Luis
Published: September 2024

Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is common in women with chronic cough but may be overlooked. Objective: To determine the frequency of underdiagnosis of cough-related SUI and its impact on women’s general health status and quality of life (QoL). Methods: Data were analyzed for 147 women with refractory/unexplained chronic cough. Relevant details were collected from clinical charts and a patient-completed survey. General health status was assessed using the EuroQoL visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) and QoL with the cough-specific Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Results: Women were classified into diagnosed ( n = 32; 21.8%) or undiagnosed ( n = 33; 22.4%) cough-related SUI, and no SUI ( n = 82; 55.6%) groups. Women with versus without cough-related SUI perceived poorer health status and greater impact of cough on everyday lives. Mean LCQ scores were significantly lower in cough-related SUI groups versus no SUI group. In multivariate analysis, the presence of cough-related SUI was significantly associated with lower EQ-VAS and LCQ scores. Conclusion: In our cohort, 44% of women had cough-related SUI, and half were undiagnosed. Irrespective of diagnosis, impairment to everyday lives and QoL was similar. Diagnosing cough-related SUI may identify additional patients who can benefit from therapies to suppress cough and improve QoL.
Gender-Based Violence in the Context of the Future of Work: A Qualitative Review of the Literature
Authors: Galán Susana
Published: September 2024

Discussions about the Future of Work have become ubiquitous both in academic and international organizations’ discourse. As part of these developments, the platform economy has revolutionized work practices and relationships. Despite the emergence of a burgeoning literature on platform studies, little is known about whether and to what extent platform work exacerbates the risk of gender-based violence among workers. This review article examines 39 academic articles, book chapters, reports, and conference papers published between 2016 and 2023 using qualitative content analysis to provide a preliminary understanding of empirical data on this issue. The reviewed studies were selected using relevant keywords on the basis of a database of 175 studies examining the platform economy with gender perspective, complemented with additional sources identified during the review. The main findings are: platform workers across sectors are vulnerable to gender-based violence, especially those at the intersection of several axes of subordination; platforms’ socio-technological features exacerbate the risk of gender-based violence; (fear of) gender-based violence limits women’s access to platform work and the economic benefits derived from it; most platforms lack effective preventative and redressal mechanisms against violence; and, faced with platforms’ inaction, workers adopt individual and collective measures to address (the risk of) gender-based violence in platform work. The analysis also evidences the need for more research on intersectional vulnerabilities, particularly with regard to sexual orientation and gender expression and identity, as well as on the physical and psychological impact of gender-based violence on platform workers, which provides avenues for future research.
Sharing Social Needs Data Across Sectors: Lessons From the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Innovation Center’s Accountable Health Communities Model
Authors: Bosold Alyssa , Singhakiat Barbara , Talwar-Hebert Maya , Robinson Shauna , Shybut Alek , Crane Gigi , Weintraub Toni Abrams
Published: September 2024

Health-related social needs (HRSNs), like unstable housing, inability to afford utilities, food insecurity, unreliable transportation, and lack of personal safety, profoundly affect people’s health and well-being. Between 2017 and 2022, awardees of the Accountable Health Communities Model (AHC) addressed the health-related social needs of Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries through screening, referral, and community navigation services. Using and sharing HRSN data between clinical and community partners was a critical component of these efforts. This article shares findings from focus groups and interviews with 19 AHC awardees and seven of their partners. It explores the following:

1. Whether sharing HRSN data with clinical partners informed clinical care

2. Successes and challenges related to sharing data with community-based organizations (CBOs) and clinical partners

3. How awardees collected and used HRSN data to advance health equity

Half of awardees interviewed documented HRSNs in electronic health records and shared aggregated HRSN data with CBOs. HRSN data enabled some clinicians to adjust patient care, although most were uncertain about how to do so. Participants described how sharing HRSN data with communities informs program and funding priorities to improve equity. However, CBOs noted that they had limited incentive to participate in data-sharing platforms. Our work highlights opportunities to provide guidance to clinicians on how to use HRSN screening results in care, standardize HRSN screening results in electronic health records, and co-create data-sharing initiatives with CBOs and patients to ensure meaningful participation.
Early Experience With a Novel Super-Hydrophilic Laparoscopic Scope Cleaning Device and Narrative Review of Available Cleaning Strategies
Authors: Spurzem Graham J. , Broderick Ryan C. , Cota Patricia R. , Sandler Bryan J. , Jacobsen Garth R. , Horgan Santiago
Published: September 2024

Background

Impaired visibility is a challenge in laparoscopic surgery. Frequent scope removal increases operative time, reduces efficiency, and potentially compromises patient safety. We examine our initial experience with a novel cleaning device that applies cold plasma to the scope lens and review current available laparoscope cleaning methods.

Methods

The novel device was used in a variety of laparoscopic general surgery cases from April to November 2023. Primary outcome was number of scope removals per case. Secondary outcomes were time spent cleaning and number of times the scope became smudged or dirty with blood/tissue debris (debris events). An existing device that utilizes heated anti-fogging solution was used for comparison.

Results

97 cases were included (31 with novel device and 66 with existing device). Scope removal rate for the novel device was lower compared to the existing device (0.87 ± 1.02 vs 0.97 ± 1.20 removals/case, P = 0.69), but not statistically significant. Average number of debris events was also lower for the novel device, but not statistically significant (0.90 ± 0.94 vs 1.0 ± 1.18 debris events/case, P = 0.69). Average total time spent cleaning per case was similar between devices (16.9 ± 24.0 vs 15.9 ± 18.7 seconds, P = 0.82).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that a hydrophilic scope cleaning device has comparable performance to heated anti-fogging solution and may reduce scope removals and debris events. Direct comparisons between cleaning products are lacking. Surgeons are most likely to be successful with the cleaning strategy that best suits one’s surgical practice.
Outcome of early versus late primary embolization in ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Vervoort Matthias , Singfer Uri , Van Cauwenberghe Lien , Nordin Niels , Vanlangenhove Peter , Verbeke Luc , Colpaert Kirsten , Baert Edward , Martens Frederic , Defreyne Luc , Dhondt Elisabeth
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To determine whether patients with a ruptured brain arteriovenous malformation (rBAVM) would benefit from an early embolization.

Methods

rBAVM treated first by embolization between March 2002 and May 2022 were included. Embolization was defined early (Group 1) when performed within 10 days postbleeding. If later, embolization was considered late (Group 2). Demographic and rBAVM data were compared between the groups. High-risk bleeding components and reasons for deferring embolization were retrieved. Primary endpoint was rebleeding. Secondary endpoints were good functional outcome (FO, modified Rankin Scale mRS ≤ 2) and angiographic occlusion. Predictors of rebleeding and FO were determined by multivariate analysis.

Results

105 patients were recruited ( N = 34 in Group 1; N = 71 in Group 2). No rebleeding was noted before, during or after the first embolization session in the early embolization group. Late embolization depended on missed diagnosis and referral pattern. Eleven patients (10.5%) suffered a rebleeding, of whom N = 3 before embolization (only in Group 2), N = 5 periembolization ( N = 2 at the second embolization session in Group 1) and N = 3 spontaneous more than 30 days postembolization. More high-risk components were embolized in Group 1 (19/34; 55.9 vs 17/71; 23.9%; p = .011). Rebleeding rates, FO at last FU (90.9% vs 74.3%) and occlusion rates (80.8% vs 88.5%) did not differ between the groups. Glasgow coma scale ≤ 8 predicted rebleeding, rebleeding correlated with poor FO.

Conclusion

Early embolization did prevent rebleeding. The overall rebleeding risk was linked to bleeding before late embolization and bleeding at the second embolization. Rebleeding predicted the final FO.
Gender differences in school leadership: Collaborative and task-oriented styles of principals in Andalusia, Spain
Authors: Gil-Espinosa Francisco Javier , López-Fernández Iván , Jiménez-García José Daniel , Cadenas-Sanchez Cristina
Published: September 2024

School leadership plays an integral role in meeting educational quality standards. In recent years, the interplay between gender and leadership has emerged as a contentious subject of discussion. This study delves into how the gender of school principals influences their perception and administration of designated professional competencies. Engaging 470 school leaders from state-owned schools from Spain (Andalusia), this analysis uncovers notable distinctions in the leadership styles and approaches employed by male and female principals, underscoring the significance of acknowledging the cultural and societal backdrop. Our findings indicate a pronounced appreciation for competencies linked with collaborative and transformational leadership among female principals. This observation underscores the imperative for the development of inclusive educational policies that recognize and leverage gender diversity as a pivotal resource for augmenting leadership in educational settings. The study accentuates the essential need for the establishment of educational strategies and policies that not only discern gender differences but also valorize them, enhancing the caliber of leadership across educational frameworks.
Implicit learning in children and adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorders: Exploring the effects of individual differences
Authors: Ziva Adamantia , Ziori Eleni
Published: September 2024

Implicit learning plays an important role in the acquisition of various skills that are often deficient in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examines the implicit learning ability of children and adolescents with ASD, by comparing it to that of a typical group of peers, using the Artificial Grammar Learning (AGL) task. In addition, this study investigates whether the above ability is associated with individual characteristics, namely intelligence quotient (IQ), ASD symptoms severity, and individual perception style (global/holistic or local/focused). The sample consisted of 20 individuals with mild to relatively severe ASD symptoms and 20 age- and gender-matched typically developing (TD) individuals. The unconscious (implicit) nature of learning was assessed via a subjective measure, the “no-loss gambling” method, which allows an unbiased evaluation of the confidence accompanying each judgement. The results provided evidence of implicit learning, which was preserved in the ASD group, although reduced relative to the typical group. Multiple linear regressions with interaction terms between group and participants’ scores on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and performance on a Navon-type task examined whether the possible relationships between each of the above scores and AGL and implicit learning differ in the two groups. Implicit learning was not significantly associated with IQ, ASD symptoms severity, or individual perception style (except for perception style in terms of reaction times [RTs] for the TD group). These results confirm and extend earlier findings supporting the resilience of implicit learning to individual differences.
‘Journalism in another form’: How exile experiences from Burundi renegotiate key elements of journalism
Authors: Esther Louisa , Thomas Richard H
Published: September 2024

Since the renewed outbreak of the ongoing crisis in Burundi in May 2015, triggering a media crackdown, over one-third of the country’s reporters have gone into exile. They therefore joined an increasing number of journalists worldwide who are forced into exile. Between 2015 and 2021, many of the exiled Burundian journalists continued reporting for newly founded exile media in neighbouring Rwanda. Before their forced closure in 2021, these exile media had established themselves as successful outlets providing the only independent information from an otherwise blacked-out country. Based on semi-structured interviews with 10 exiled Burundian journalists conducted in Rwanda in 2020, this article exemplifies how the condition of exile impacts journalistic practice and norms, and renegotiates ideas of media professionalism. It is shown how Burundian exiled journalists display a strong personal conscience as journalists highlighting the voice of the voiceless and attempting to separate activism from their journalism. At the same time, the findings identify the main struggles of Burundian exiled journalists in maintaining operational objectivity, which depends on funding, providing balanced reporting without access to official sources and conducting verification of information in the unattainable field. These challenges are in line with the findings of several other case studies with exiled journalists from different regions. Therefore, this article complements the rapidly growing body of literature on exile journalism with a Global South perspective, which to date is not well represented on the map of exile journalism that mostly features cases of exile in the Global North. Furthermore, this article shows that situating exile experiences within existing theories and frameworks of journalism presents limits as exile journalism, as in the Burundian case, is journalism ‘in another form’ with new practices and renegotiated standards of professionalism.
Shoulder Injury Incidence and Epidemiology in Youth, High School, and Collegiate Fastpitch Softball Players: A Systematic Review and Future Research Perspectives
Authors: Como Matthew , Fatora Gabrielle , Boden Stephanie A. , Reddy Rajiv P. , Njoku-Austin Confidence , Nazzal Ehab M. , Lin Albert
Published: September 2024

Context:

Fastpitch softball is one of the most popular sports in the United States among young female athletes. Softball players regularly subject their shoulders to extreme range of motion and high velocity movements. To date, no systematic review has reported on the epidemiology and incidence of shoulder injuries in softball players.

Objective:

To describe the incidence and epidemiology of softball-related shoulder injuries in youth, high school, and collegiate female softball players.

Data Sources:

PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for relevant English language articles from 1980 to 2023.

Study Selection:

Studies selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Studies were required to be available full text, in English.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Data Extraction:

A preliminary screening was performed based on study title and abstract. In the subsequent screening, the full text versions of the remaining articles were evaluated by 2 reviewers for the fulfillment of the inclusion criteria.

Results:

A total of 7 articles met criteria for inclusion. All studies evaluated injuries among softball players for at least 1 season. In total, there were 1107 softball-related shoulder injuries reported in the 7 studies included in this systematic review. Of the 3 studies that included a shoulder injury rate, a mean rate of 4.01 shoulder injuries per 10,000 athlete-exposures was calculated. The 2 most common shoulder injuries were shoulder muscle-tendon strains (297) and shoulder/biceps tendinitis (220).

Conclusion:

High-level prospective studies reporting injury incidence and risk factors among female softball players are extremely limited. Only 2 studies eligible for inclusion in this systematic review were prospective in nature, with neither of these reporting the specific injury rate for shoulder injuries among softball players.
Environmental education within the right to education framework
Authors: Sahoo Deepak Kumar , Sharma Bhavana , Sundaray Debasis
Published: September 2024

The incorporation of environmental education (EE) into the framework of the right to education that has been established is being more recognized as being of utmost importance in light of the growing environmental issues. The purpose of this study is to address the important need to align environmental education (EE) with present educational demands. This will ensure that environmental awareness and sustainability are intrinsic components of educational curriculum all over the world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the manner in which EE is currently included into the framework of the right to education, with the intention of determining both the areas of strength and those that require development. The research makes use of a mixed-methods methodology, which blends qualitative insights acquired from interviews with educators and policy makers with quantitative data obtained from a survey of educational institutions located in a variety of locales. There are considerable discrepancies between urban and rural contexts in terms of resource allocation, curriculum creation, and teacher training, according to the analysis, which demonstrates that the implementation of EE takes place in a diverse terrain. A significant discovery is that even while EE is technically acknowledged in educational regulations, its actual implementation continues to be inconsistent. This is frequently reliant on the resources available in the local community as well as the dedication of the institution. Following the conclusion of the study, recommendations are provided for educational practitioners and policymakers, with an emphasis placed on the requirement for an approach to EE that is both more structured and accessible to all individuals. These findings provide a contribution to the larger conversation on sustainable education and bring to light the critical need for coordinated strategies that guarantee every kid has access to quality environmental education as part of their fundamental right to get an education.