bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’archive et le document: Matériaux pour une histoire des sciences sociales (note critique)
Authors: Girault Bénédicte
Published: October 2020

Résumés

L’ouvrage collectif Le laboratoire des sciences sociales. Histoires d’enquêtes et revisites, coordonné par Gilles Laferté, Paul Pasquali et Nicolas Renahy, prend certaines grandes enquêtes de sciences sociales à la fois comme objets et expériences collectives à historiciser (« histoire d’enquêtes ») et comme matériaux pour de nouvelles recherches (« revisites ») ; il aborde ce faisant de manière empirique et originale, la question des archives produites par les sciences sociales et de leurs usages. À la différence des sources mobilisées par les historiens, qui consistent en des corpus clos, produits de différentes stratégies archivistiques et mémorielles, celles des contributeurs du Laboratoire des sciences sociales ont un statut plus ambigu du fait du raccourcissement temporel entre le moment de la production de l’enquête et celui de son histoire et de sa revisite, dont les effets doivent être analysés. Véritable laboratoire réflexif au carré, l’ouvrage plaide pour une réflexivité historienne comme pratique ordinaire et permet de reconsidérer un certain nombre de problèmes sous un nouveau jour. En s’interrogeant sur la distinction entre documents et archives, sur la nature cumulative du savoir archivé des sciences sociales et sur la différence entre les archives des enquêtes de sciences sociales et celles d’autres formes d’enquête pratiquées au cours du temps, cette note critique invite à la mise à l’épreuve du projet réflexif et historiciste qui se trouve au cœur de la redéfinition de la place des archives dans le travail historique.
Brain Metastases: A Modern Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: O’Halloran Philip J. , Gutierrez Enrique , Kalyvas Aristotle , Mohan Nilesh , Atallah Soha , Kalia Suneil , Millar Barbara-Ann , Laperriere Normand , Conrad Tatiana , Zadeh Gelareh , Bernstein Mark , Shultz David B. , Kongkham Paul
Published: October 2020

Brain metastases (BM) are the most common intracranial neoplasm and represent a major clinical challenge across many medical disciplines. The incidence of BM is increasing, largely due to improvements in primary disease therapeutics conferring greater systemic control, and advancements in neuroimaging techniques and availability leading to earlier diagnosis. In recent years, the landscape of BM treatment has changed significantly with the advent of personalized targeted chemotherapies and immunotherapy, the adoption of focal radiotherapy (RT) for higher intracranial disease burden, and the implementation of new surgical strategies. The increasing permutations of options available for the treatment of patients diagnosed with BM necessitate coordinated care by a multidisciplinary team. This review discusses the current treatment regimens for BM as well as examines the salient features of a modern multidisciplinary approach.
Insertion site inflammation was associated with central-line–associated bloodstream infections at a tertiary-care center, 2015–2018
Authors: Kobayashi Takaaki , Clore Gosia S. , Kukla Mary E. , Alzunitan Mohammed , Kritzman Jeffrey , Abosi Oluchi , Puig-Asensio Mireia , Marra Alexandre R. , Diekema Daniel J. , Edmond Michael B. , Salinas Jorge L.
Published: October 2020

There are currently no guidelines for central-line insertion site evaluation. Our study revealed an association between insertion site inflammation (ISI) and the development of central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). Automated surveillance for ISI is feasible and could help prevent CLABSI.
A human rights approach to disability assessment
Authors: Waddington Lisa , Priestley Mark
Published: October 2020

Disability assessments play a key role in welfare states but are increasingly contested, not least for their compatibility with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). This paper draws on evidence of global governance and assessment practices in 34 European countries, the largest international study to date. The paper reflects on the model of disability in the CRPD and its implications for disability assessment, drawing on the work of the CRPD Committee. The paper also examines examples of promising practice in assessment in European countries and concludes by identifying elements of a CRPD-compatible approach. Disability assessments must be underpinned by both a social-contextual concept of disability and a human rights approach. Administrative attribution of disability status based on categorical diagnosis or individual functioning alone is incompatible with this approach. This approach challenges the historic individualization of disability assessments and the knowledge relationships underpinning them.
New onychochilid mollusks from the Middle and Upper Ordovician of Baltica and Laurentia
Authors: Ebbestad Jan Ove R. , Kolata Dennis R. , Isakar Mare
Published: October 2020

A new sinistrally coiled univalved molluskCatalanispiran. gen. is described with two species;Catalanispira reinwaldti(Öpik, 1930) from the Middle Ordovician Kõgekallas Formation (Darriwilian) of Estonia andCatalanispira plattevillensisn. gen. n. sp. from the Upper Ordovician Platteville Formation (Sandbian) of northern Illinois, USA. Morphological features include a large, low-trochiform shell, a narrow lenticular aperture, a deep funnel-like umbilicus, a falcate inner lip and a large (1.4 mm wide) protoconch. Ornamentation consists of fine commarginal growth lines or ribs but superimposed on a slightly irregular shell surface.Catalanispiran. gen. is placed within the sinistrally coiled order Mimospirida and the family Onychochilidae, and Catalanispirinae n. subfam. is proposed. The large Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian)PelecyogyraEbbestad and Lefebvre, 2015 from Morocco and France is transferred to this new subfamily. The well-preserved initial growth stage ofCatalanispira plattevillensisn. gen. n. sp. is cap-shaped, slightly asymmetrical, unusually large, and smooth, and represents either an unusually large embryonic shell (protoconch 1) or a larval shell (protoconch 2). It differs from the smaller protoconch described for the clisospirineMimospiraKoken in Koken and Perner, 1925, which might include a multiwhorled larval shell (protoconch 2). Mimospirids are dominantly Ordovician, and have been classified as untorted mollusks (only distantly related to gastropods), dextral hyperstrophic gastropods, or sinistral orthostrophic gastropods. Sinistral asymmetry already in the embryonic shell and lack of conclusive evidence for coiling direction, e.g., an operculum, could suggest thatCatalanispiran. gen. or similar mimosprids were sinistral orthostrophic gastropods. Currently the group is therefore classified as a group of sinistral orthostrophic gastropods, unranked within the Gastropoda.

UUID:http://zoobank.org/affc8dcf-4c0f-493d-bee5-75a457996e84
Variations on results on orders of products in finite groups
Authors: Martínez Juan , Moretó Alexander
Published: October 2020

In 2014, Baumslag and Wiegold proved that a finite groupGis nilpotent if and only ifo(xy) =o(x)o(y) for everyx,y∈Gwith (o(x),o(y)) = 1. This has led to a number of results that characterize the nilpotence of a group (or the existence of nilpotent Hall subgroups, or the existence of normal Hall subgroups) in terms of prime divisors of element orders. Here, we look at these results with a new twist. The first of our main results asserts thatGis nilpotent if and only ifo(xy) ⩽o(x)o(y) for everyx,y∈Gof prime power order with (o(x),o(y)) = 1. As an immediate consequence, we recover the Baumslag–Wiegold theorem. The proof of this result is elementary. We prove some variations of this result that depend on the classification of finite simple groups.
Representation, Incorporation, and Corrections Spending: The Counterbalancing Effect of Black Political Incorporation
Authors: Gunderson Anna
Published: October 2020

Theories concerning the adoption of punitive policies at the state level often cite two dynamics: conservative ideology and racial threat, that punitive policies are more likely in states with Republican politicians and a higher proportion of Black residents. I argue these theories lose their explanatory power in the post-Civil Rights era, and suggest Black political incorporation acts as a powerful antidote to the punitive impulses of government officials. I test my hypotheses on a dataset of state corrections spending from 1983 to 2011 and find evidence for the counterbalancing argument. States with increasing percentages of Black state legislators spend .36 fewer dollars per capita on corrections, suggesting Black political incorporation is an important mediator in the relationship between racial threat and corrections budgets. This paper has implications for the application of the social control theory as descriptive representation grows, but also for the study of the effect of minority politicians on budgets and policy more broadly. The adoption of policies deleterious to certain communities can be mitigated by the presence of representatives who legislate on behalf of those communities.
Service Work in the Pandemic Economy
Authors: Benanav Aaron
Published: October 2020

The rapid spread of COVID-19 interacted with long-unfolding economic trends to set a global tinder box aflame. Over the past thirty years, the world's workforce has increasingly found employment in low-wage, low-productivity jobs in the global services sector. The pandemic lockdowns hit these sorts of activities the hardest. Opportunities to work evaporated, spreading both poverty and hunger around the world. The same rise in global service sector employment shares, which amplified the pandemic lockdown's destructive effects, will now slow the pace of the recovery. The transition to a services-based economy has accelerated, due to what José Antonio Ocampo and Tomasso Faccio call “too much excess capacity and too little certainty about future demand,” which have depressed levels of investment and ushered in a period of economic stagnation. COVID-19 will make these tendencies worse. Weak economic recoveries will further entrench an economic order in which employers pay little attention to workers’ demands, deepening employment insecurity and economic inequality. The future for labor looks bleak. What that means for the future of working people remains an open question. Their fight for dignity, in the midst of the pandemic and post-pandemic eras, will prove decisive.
Special Issue on Human–Robot Interaction (HRI)
Authors: Aspragathos Nikos , Moulianitis Vassilis , Koustoumpardis Panagiotis
Published: October 2020

Human–robot interaction (HRI) is one of the most rapidly growing research fields in robotics and promising for the future of robotics technology. Despite the fact that numerous significant research results in HRI have been presented during the last years, there are still challenges in several critical topics of HRI, which could be summarized as: (i) collision and safety, (ii) virtual guides, (iii) cooperative manipulation, (iv) teleoperation and haptic interfaces, and (v) learning by observation or demonstration. In physical HRI research, the complementarity of the human and the robot capabilities is carefully considered for the advancement of their cooperation in a safe manner. New advanced control systems should be developed so the robot will acquire the ability to adapt easily to the human intentions and to the given task. The possible applications requiring co-manipulation are cooperative transportation of bulky and heavy objects, manufacturing processes such as assembly and surgery.
Risk and resilience during COVID-19: A new study in the Zigler paradigm of developmental science
Authors: Luthar Suniya S. , Ebbert Ashley M. , Kumar Nina L.
Published: October 2020

When children are exposed to serious life adversities, Ed Zigler believed that developmental scientists must expediently strive to illuminate the most critical directions for beneficial interventions. In this paper, we present a new study on risk and resilience on adolescents during COVID-19, bookended – in introductory and concluding discussions – by descriptions of programmatic work anchored in lessons learned from Zigler. The new study was conducted during the first two months of the pandemic, using a mixed-methods approach with a sample of over 2,000 students across five high schools. Overall, rates of clinically significant symptoms were generally lower as compared to norms documented in 2019. Multivariate regressions showed that the most robust, unique associations with teens’ distress were with feelings of stress around parents and support received from them. Open ended responses to three questions highlighted concerns about schoolwork and college, but equally, emphasized worries about families’ well-being, and positive outreach from school adults. The findings have recurred across subsequent school assessments, and strongly resonate with contemporary perspectives on resilience in science and policy. If serious distress is to be averted among youth under high stress, interventions must attend not just to the children's mental health but that of salient caregiving adults at home and school. The article concludes with some specific recommendations for community-based initiatives to address mental health through continued uncertainties of the pandemic.
Documenting bilingual experiences in the early years: Using the CECER-DLL Child and Family and Teacher Questionnaires
Authors: Castro Dina C. , Hammer Carol Scheffner , Franco Ximena , Cycyk Lauren M. , Scarpino Shelley E. , Burchinal Margaret R.
Published: October 2020

The diversity of experiences among bilingual children is reflected in the variability of abilities in each of their languages. This paper describes the CECER-DLL Child and Family, and Teacher Questionnaires and discusses the utility of these tools. These questionnaires were created to address the need for valid and reliable tools to document contextual characteristics and language experiences of young bilingual children in developmental and educational research. A multi-site validity study using the CECER-DLL Questionnaires demonstrates how children's language skills are influenced by language exposure at home and at school, mothers’ and teachers’ skills in each language, mother's generational status, and languages used during language and literacy activities at home.
Dietary supplement use in Korean children and adolescents, KNHANES 2015–2017
Authors: Jeon Ji Hyun , Seo Moon Young , Kim Shin-Hye , Park Mi Jung
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To date, there have been few studies on dietary supplement (DS) use in Korean children and adolescents, using nationally representative data. This study aimed to investigate the current status of DS use and its related factors, among Korean children and adolescents from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data.

Design:

A cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Data from the KNHANES 2015–2017. Participants completed 24-h dietary recall interviews, including DS products that the subjects consumed.

Participants:

The study population was 4380 children and adolescents aged 1–18 years.

Results:

Approximately 2013 % of children and adolescents were using DS; the highest use was among children aged 1–3 years old, and the lowest use was among adolescents aged 16–18 years. The most frequently used DS was prebiotics/probiotics, followed by multivitamin/mineral supplements. Factors that were associated with DS use were lower birth weight in children aged <4 years; younger age, higher household income, regular breakfast intake and lower BMI in children aged 4–9 years; and regular breakfast intake and use of nutrition facts label in adolescents aged 10–18 years. Feeding patterns in infancy and having chronic diseases were not associated with DS use.

Conclusions:

We report that over 20 % of children and adolescents use DS. Nutritional education for parents and children about proper DS consumption is needed.
Towards an understanding of GPs’ viewpoint on diagnosing postnatal depression in general practice: a small-scale realist evaluation
Authors: Sriranjan Ashvanthi Nadira , Abrams Ruth , Wong Geoff , Park Sophie
Published: October 2020

Background:

Less than half of postnatal depression cases are identified in routine clinical assessment. Guidelines and current literature suggest that general practitioners (GPs) may have an opportunistic role in detecting postnatal depression due to their early contact and existing rapport with many new mothers. There is limited research on the diagnostic approaches chosen by GPs in different GP−patient contexts. Our small-scale study evaluates the thought processes of seven GPs based in one practice when forming a clinical diagnosis of postnatal depression under different contexts.

Methods:

Seven GP participants were interviewed using case vignettes about postnatal depression, based on an adapted Johari’s window framework. A realist approach to analysis was undertaken with the intention of understanding GPs’ responses to different situations. Context−mechanism−outcome configurations were constructed, and a programme theory was formed to consolidate the findings.

Findings:

Findings suggest that diagnoses may be a clinician-led or collaborative process between GP and patient. In collaborative contexts, stigmatising views were addressed by GPs, time for self-reflection was encouraged and mothers’ views were accounted for. Clinician-led diagnoses often occurred in contexts where there was a lack of acknowledgement of symptoms on behalf of the patient or where safety was a concern. The personal and clinical experience of GPs themselves, as well as effective communication channels with other primary care professionals, was significant mechanisms.

Conclusion:

GPs use a variety of strategies to support patient disclosure and acceptance of their condition. The complexity of GP−patient contexts may influence the clinical thought process. We address some of the gaps in existing literature by exploring postnatal depression diagnosis in primary care and provide tentative explanations to suggest what works, for whom and in what contexts.
AGB outflows as tests of chemical kinetics and radiative transfer models
Authors: Van de Sande M. , Danilovich T. , Decin L.
Published: October 2020

The outflows of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are important astrochemical laboratories, rich in molecular material and host to various chemical processes, including dust formation. Since the different chemistries are relatively easily probed, AGB outflows are ideal testbeds within the wider astrochemical community. Recent observations are pushing the limits of both our current chemical models and radiative transfer routines. Current chemical models are restricted by the completeness of their chemical networks and the accuracy of the reaction rates. The molecular abundances retrieved by radiative transfer routines are strongly dependent on collisional rates, which are often not measured or calculated for molecules of interest. To further our understanding of the chemistry within the outflow, collaboration with the laboratory astrophysics community is essential. This collaboration is mutually beneficial, as it in turn provides new science questions for laboratory experiments and computations.
Fingerprints of the protosolar cloud collapse in the Solar System: Refractory inclusions distribution and isotopic anomalies in meteorites
Authors: Pignatale Francesco C. , Jacquet Emmanuel , Chaussidon Marc , Charnoz Sébastien
Published: October 2020

Increasing evidences suggest that the building blocks of Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) could have formed with the Sun, during the collapse of the parent cloud. However, determination of the relative age of CAIs relies on the homogeneous distribution of their short-lived radionuclide 26Al that is used as a chronometer. Some CAIs show evidence of 26Al/27 Al variation that is independent of decay.

We investigate the dynamical and chemical evolution of refractories from the collapsing cloud to their transport in the protoplanetary disk focusing to the predicted isotopic anomalies resulting from 26Al heterogeneities.

The interplay between the thermal properties of the dust, the isotopic zoning in the cloud and disk dynamics produce aggregates that resemble chondrites. An abrupt raise of 26Al close the center of the cloud followed by a plateau throughout the cloud best matches the observations. As a consequence, the 26Al -chronometer retains validity from the formation of canonical CAIs onward.
Laboratory investigations aimed at building a database for the interpretation of JWST spectra
Authors: Elisabetta Palumbo Maria , Baratta Giuseppe A. , Fedoseev Gleb , Fulvio Daniele , Scirè Carlotta , Strazzulla Giovanni , Giovanni Urso Riccardo
Published: October 2020

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to be launched in 2021. The JWST’s science instruments will provide high quality spectra acquired in the line of sight to young stellar objects whose interpretation will require a robust database of laboratory data. With this in mind, an experimental work is in progress in the Laboratory for Experimental Astrophysics in Catania to study the profile (shape, width, and peak position) of the main infrared bands of molecular species expected to be present in icy grain mantles. Our study also takes into account the modifications induced on icy samples by low-energy cosmic ray bombardment and by thermal processing. Here we present some recent results on deuterium hydrogen monoxide (HDO), N-bearing species, and carbon dioxide (CO2).
Formation of NH2CHO and CH3CHO upon UV processing of interstellar ice analogs
Authors: Martín-Doménech Rafael , Öberg Karin I. , Rajappan Mahesh
Published: October 2020

Complex organic molecules (COMs) may have played a role in the formation of life in the early Earth (Herbst & van Dishoeck (2009)). Here we present the formation of NH2CHO and CH3CHO upon vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation of CO:NH3 and CO:CH4 ice mixtures, simulating the UV processing of interstellar ices in the interior of dense clouds. We have found that the conversion from ${\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\dot 2}}$ radicals to NH2CHO is 4–15 times higer than that from ${\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\dot 3}}$ to CH3CHO, probably due to the competing formation of larger hydrocarbons in the latter case.
Laboratory experiments on cosmic dust and ices
Authors: Jäger Cornelia , Potapov Alexey , Rouillé Gaël , Henning Thomas
Published: October 2020

The existence of cosmic dust is attested by the interstellar extinction and polarization, IR emission and absorption spectra, and elemental depletion patterns. Dust grains are efficiently processed or even destroyed in shocks, molecular clouds, or protoplanetary disks. A considerable amount of dust has to be re-formed in the ISM. In various astrophysical environments, dust grains are covered by molecular ices and therefore contribute or catalytically influence the chemical reactions in these layers. Laboratory experiments are desperately required to understand the evolution of grains and grain/ice mixtures in molecular clouds and early planetary disks. This review considers recent progress in laboratory approaches to dust/ice experiments.
White-dwarf asteroseismology: An update
Authors: Córsico Alejandro H.
Published: October 2020

The vast majority of stars that populate the Universe will end their evolution as white-dwarf stars. Applications of white dwarfs include cosmochronology, evolution of planetary systems, and also as laboratories to study non-standard physics and crystallization. In addition to the knowledge of their surface properties from spectroscopy combined with model atmospheres, the global pulsations that they exhibit during several phases of their evolution allow spying on the deep interior of these stars. Indeed, by means of asteroseismology, an approach based on the comparison between the observed pulsation periods of variable white dwarfs and the periods predicted by representative theoretical models, we can infer details of the internal chemical stratification, the total mass, and even the stellar rotation profile and strength of magnetic fields. In this article, we review the current state of the area, emphasizing the latest findings provided by space-mission data.
Convection in common envelopes and the formation of double white dwarfs
Authors: Wilson E. C. , Nordhaus J.
Published: October 2020

Formation of close double white dwarfs likely requires the initial binary system to evolve through two successive common envelope (CE) phases. A prominent method for describing CE outcomes involves defining an ejection efficiency, αeff, which quantifies the fraction of orbital energy available to unbind the envelope. Reproducing observed post-CE orbital parameters has proven difficult for numerical simulations, as the companion’s decaying orbit fails to eject the envelope. The ejection failure seen in numerical simulations may be resolved with a proper treatment of convection, whereby the binary orbit shrinks before energy can drive ejection. Where the orbital decay timescale exceeds the convective transport timescale, the energy released during inspiral is carried to the stellar surface and radiated away. By including convection, we produce sub-day post-CE orbital periods, a result consistent with observations. We comment on the effects of convection for the population of double white dwarfs that evolve through two CEs.
Validation of asteroseismic fitting with the new white dwarf evolution code
Authors: Kim Agnès
Published: October 2020

The new version of the White Dwarf Evolution Code (Bischoff-Kim & Montgomery 2018) overcomes limitations of earlier versions by utilizing MESA modules for the equations of state and opacities, now allowing regions of the model with a mix of helium, carbon, and oxygen. This single improvement allows us to almost exactly replicate models output by other stellar evolution codes. Armed with this new capability, we use as a star to fit, a hydrogen atmosphere white dwarf model from the La Plata group (using the LPCODE). We present results of fitting different subsets of periods for that model. This allows us some validation of our fitting methods, knowing exactly what properties we should be recovering in our best fit model.
Compact quintuple notched-band UWB BPF with high selectivity and wide bandwidth
Authors: Bai Lei , Zhuang Yiqi , Zeng Zhibin
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a compact quintuple notched-band ultra-wideband bandpass filter with high selectivity and wide bandwidth is proposed. The filter adopts an approximate closed-loop C-shaped stepped impedance resonator to generate triple notched bands, and uses Hilbert fractal curve slit and L-shaped resonator to create single notched band, respectively. Multiple notched-band are centered at 5.29, 6.61, 7.92, 8.95, and 9.93 GHz to eliminate undesired interference from coexisting wireless services of WLAN, C-band, and X-band. Additionally, two transmission zeros are introduced to enhance the sharp skirt selectivity up to 0.944. This filter could exhibit high sharp selectivity and wider bandwidth simultaneously. The filter is fabricated on a RT/Duroid 5880 substrate (ɛr = 2.2 and thickness = 0.787 mm) and measured to verify the simulation results. Both simulation and measurement are in well agreement, showing the good performance of the filter.
Glyphosate-induced hormesis: impact on seedling growth and reproductive potential of common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus)
Authors: Mobli Ahmadreza , Matloob Amar , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh
Published: October 2020

In Australia, glyphosate is widely used in glyphosate-tolerant crops and fallows to control weeds such as common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.). It has been hypothesized that glyphosate at sublethal doses, as a consequence of herbicide drift, may have a stimulatory effect on S. oleraceus growth. In 2017, pot trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of low doses of glyphosate on growth and seed production of this weed at the Weed Science Screenhouse Facility at the University of Queensland, Australia. At the 4- to 5-leaf stage (3-wk-old rosette), plants were treated with low doses of glyphosate (0 [control], 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 800 g ae ha−1), and their responses were recorded until plant maturity. The study was repeated after completion of the first experimental run. An additional glyphosate dose (2.5 g ha−1) was added in the second run. The low doses of glyphosate (<40 g ha−1) caused a significant increase in S. oleraceus plant height and number of leaves compared with the no-glyphosate treatment. The highest stimulatory effect was observed at 5 g ha−1. At 5 g ha−1 glyphosate, S. oleraceus seed production increased by 154% and 101% in the first and second experimental runs, respectively, compared with the no-glyphosate treatment. The results of this study suggest that the sublethal doses of glyphosate produced hormetic effects on growth and seed production of S. oleraceus that changed the dynamics of weed–crop competition.
The Impact of Natural Disasters on Suicide in the United States, 2003–2015
Authors: Horney Jennifer A. , Karaye Ibraheem M. , Abuabara Alexander , Gearhart Sera , Grabich Shannon , Perez-Patron Maria
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Background: Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and severity and impacted populations develop mental health conditions at higher rates than those not impacted. Aims: In this study, we investigate the association between exposure to a major natural disaster and suicide in the US. Method: Using county-level data on disaster declarations, mortality files, and population data, suicide rates were estimated for three 12-month periods before and after the disaster. Pooled rates were estimated predisaster and compared with postdisaster suicide rates using Poisson-generated Z tests and 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 281 major disasters were included. The suicide rate increased for each type of disaster and across all disasters in the first 2 years of follow-up. The largest overall increases in suicide rates were seen 2 years postdisaster. Limitations: Limitations include the ecologic study design, county-level exposure, and low power. Conclusion: Increases in county-level suicide rates after disasters were not statistically significant, although there was evidence that increases were delayed until 2 years postdisaster. Additional studies are needed to improve understanding of nonfatal suicide attempts after disasters and the role elevated social support plays in suicide prevention postdisaster. Future studies should consider pre-existing mental health, secondary stressors, and proximity to hazards.
Dust Impacts of Rapid Agricultural Expansion on the Great Plains
Authors: Lambert Andrew , Hallar A. Gannet , Garcia Maria , Strong Courtenay , Andrews Elisabeth , Hand Jenny L.
Published: October 2020

Climate change and land use are altering the landscape of the U.S. Great Plains, producing increases in windblown dust. These increases are investigated by combining coarse mode aerosol observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor in addition to the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) aerosol monitoring networks. Increasing trends of up to 5%/year in MODIS aerosol optical depth for dust observations are observed throughout the Great Plains (2000–2018). Cropland coverage has increased 5–10% over the majority of the Great Plains (2008–2018), and positive monthly trends in IMPROVE (1988–2018) and AERONET (1995–2018) coarse mode 90th percentile observations coincide with planting and harvesting seasons of predominant crops. Presently, results suggest increased dust due to agricultural expansion is negatively influencing human health and visibility in the Great Plains. Furthermore, results foreshadow a future where desertification becomes an increasing risk in the Great Plains.
3‐D Tomographic Reconstruction of SED Plume During 17 March 2013 Storm
Authors: Zhai Changzhi , Lu Gang , Yao Yibin , Wang Wenbin , Zhang Shunrong , Liu Jing , Peng Wenjie , Kong Jian , Chen Jun
Published: October 2020

The three‐dimensional computerized ionospheric tomography (3DCIT) technique is used to reconstruct the spatial distribution of storm‐enhanced density (SED) based on the global positioning system total electron content measurements over the North American area during the 17 March 2013 storm. The reconstruction results are carefully validated with observations from three ionosonde stations, the constellation observing system for meteorology, ionosphere, and climate (COSMIC) radio occultations, and the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar. The electron density profiles from the 3DCIT reconstruction show a good agreement with the ionosonde and COSMIC electron density profiles. The 3DCIT‐derived electron density difference between the storm day of 17 March and the quiet day of 16 March also captures the similar SED plume signature that was observed by the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar. The 3DCIT reconstruction allows us for the first time to unveil the 3‐D configuration of the SED plume and its spatiotemporal evolution. It was found that the SED plume first appeared around 400 km and then expanded downward to ~300 km as well as upward to ~500 km over the course of a 3‐hr period from 19 to 22 UT on 17 March. Our study also showed that the density enhancement within the SED plume occurred mostly above the storm time F layer peak height.
Gravity and Pressure‐Gradient Currents Using Ionospheric Electron Density Measurements From COSMIC Satellites
Authors: Sreelakshmi J. , Vichare Geeta
Published: October 2020

The gravity‐driven and pressure‐gradient currents coexist in the ionosphere, and their effects are significant in there, rather than at the outside of the ionosphere; and can be important while studying the ionospheric currents using low‐Earth‐orbiting (LEO) satellite measurements. Maute and Richmond (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024841) (MR17) have demonstrated that above the F region peak, directions of these two coexisting currents are opposite and the net magnetic effects along the ambient magnetic field are nonsignificant. In the view of the diamagnetic corrections being applied to the LEO magnetic field measurements to account for the pressure‐gradient currents, it is imperative to examine the proposition of MR17. In the present paper, we have estimated the gravity and pressure‐gradient currents, using altitude profiles of electron density obtained from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC)‐1 satellite cluster. In order to get the latitudinal profiles of magnetic field variations at a fixed local time (LT) using COSMIC data, it is required to combine either different days at a fixed longitude or all the longitudes on a fixed day, thus compromising with either days or longitudes. It is found that the net magnetic field is significant in the low‐latitude region, which increases with solar flux and decreases with altitude. The magnetic field effects show strong LT dependence and are significant in the noon to evening sector. The comparison of the present estimates with the diamagnetic corrections emphasizes that correcting for only one current can introduce unviable errors and thus supports the suggestion of MR17.
Interannual Salinity Variability Associated With the Central Pacific and Eastern Pacific El Niños in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Zhi Hai , Zhang Rong‐Hua , Lin Pengfei , Yu Peng , Zhou Guanghui , Shi Shiwei
Published: October 2020

Ocean reanalysis products and observations are used to analyze the differences between the two types of El Niño in terms of interannual salinity variability in the tropical Pacific; a budget analysis for mixed layer (ML) salinity (MLS) is performed in the region. The center of negative MLS anomalies associated with the central Pacific (CP) El Niño tends to move further westward in winter along the equator, as compared with the eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño. The oscillation period with the EP El Niño is found to be approximately 10 years, longer than that with the CP El Niño (approximately 6–8 years). Our budget analyses further reveal that surface advection, surface forcing, and subsurface effect are the three main contributors to ML tendency of interannual salinity anomalies, which are regionally dependent. In the eastern edge of the warm pool (WP), surface advection makes a larger contribution (about 40–60%) to the MLS budget, and subsurface effect (about 20%) and surface forcing (about 20–40%) are relatively smaller. The subsurface effects on the MLS tendency tend to compensate for the imbalance induced by the surface forcing and advection: A weakened MLS tendency occurs with the CP El Niño, whereas an enhanced MLS tendency occurs with the EP El Niño, respectively. The MLS tendency leads the Niño3.4 SST by 8–10 months for the EP El Niño, whereas there is no such apparent lead/lag relationship for the CP El Niño. It is demonstrated that the relationships between the interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variability and MLS budget terms can be a clear indicator to distinguish the two types of El Niño.
Epigenetic regulation of VENTXP1 suppresses tumor proliferation via miR-205-5p/ANKRD2/NF-kB signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Li Ming , Su Li Xin , Hu Jing Zhou , Wang De Ming , Ju Hou Yu , Li Xiao , Han Yi Feng , Xia Wei Ya , Guo Wei , Ren Guo Xin , Fan Xin Dong
Published: October 2020

An increasing number of studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in tumor development and progression. However, their involvement in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains largely unknown. Epigenetic regulation is one major mechanism utilized by cancer cells to control lncRNA expression. We identified that lncRNA VENTXP1 was epigenetically silenced in multiple cancer types, and its lower expression was correlated with poorer survival in HNSCC patients. Through in silico analysis and experimental validation, we identified miR-205-5p and its direct interacting partner of VENTXP1, which regulates HNSCC cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Using RNA-seq and differential gene expression analysis, we further identified ANKRD2 as a miR-205-5p target, which plays an essential role in modulating NF-kB signaling. These findings suggest that VENTXP1 inhibits tumor growth via suppressing miR-205-5p/ANKRD2-mediated NF-kB signaling in HNSCC. Thus, pharmaceutical targeting of DNA methylation to restore VENTXP1 expression might constitute a therapeutic strategy for HNSCC.
Mitochondrial ClpP serine protease-biological function and emerging target for cancer therapy
Authors: Nouri Kazem , Feng Yue , Schimmer Aaron D.
Published: October 2020

Mitochondrial ClpP is a serine protease located in the mitochondrial matrix. This protease participates in mitochondrial protein quality control by degrading misfolded or damaged proteins, thus maintaining normal metabolic function. Mitochondrial ClpP is a stable heptamer ring with peptidase activity that forms a multimeric complex with the ATP-dependent unfoldase ClpX (ClpXP) leading to proteolytic activity. Emerging evidence demonstrates that ClpXP is over-expressed in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors and is necessary for the viability of a subset of tumors. In addition, both inhibition and hyperactivation of ClpXP leads to impaired respiratory chain activity and causes cell death in cancer cells. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial ClpXP could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of malignancy. Here, we review the structure and function of mitochondrial ClpXP as well as strategies to target this enzyme complex as a novel therapeutic approach for malignancy.
Expression of leukotriene B4 receptor 1 defines functionally distinct DCs that control allergic skin inflammation
Authors: Koga Tomoaki , Sasaki Fumiyuki , Saeki Kazuko , Tsuchiya Soken , Okuno Toshiaki , Ohba Mai , Ichiki Takako , Iwamoto Satoshi , Uzawa Hirotsugu , Kitajima Keiko , Meno Chikara , Nakamura Eri , Tada Norihiro , Fukui Yoshinori , Kikuta Junichi , Ishii Masaru , Sugimoto Yukihiko , Nakao Mitsuyoshi , Yokomizo Takehiko
Published: October 2020

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor 1 (BLT1) is a chemotactic G protein-coupled receptor expressed by leukocytes, such as granulocytes, macrophages, and activated T cells. Although there is growing evidence that BLT1 plays crucial roles in immune responses, its role in dendritic cells remains largely unknown. Here, we identified novel DC subsets defined by the expression of BLT1, namely, BLT1hi and BLT1lo DCs. We also found that BLT1hi and BLT1lo DCs differentially migrated toward LTB4 and CCL21, a lymph node-homing chemoattractant, respectively. By generating LTB4-producing enzyme LTA4H knockout mice and CD11c promoter-driven Cre recombinase-expressing BLT1 conditional knockout (BLT1 cKO) mice, we showed that the migration of BLT1hi DCs exacerbated allergic contact dermatitis. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis revealed that BLT1hi DCs preferentially induced Th1 differentiation by upregulating IL-12p35 expression, whereas BLT1lo DCs accelerated T cell proliferation by producing IL-2. Collectively, the data reveal an unexpected role for BLT1 as a novel DC subset marker and provide novel insights into the role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in the spatiotemporal regulation of distinct DC subsets.
Quantum transport evidence of Weyl fermions in an epitaxial ferromagnetic oxide
Authors: Takiguchi Kosuke , Wakabayashi Yuki K. , Irie Hiroshi , Krockenberger Yoshiharu , Otsuka Takuma , Sawada Hiroshi , Nikolaev Sergey A. , Das Hena , Tanaka Masaaki , Taniyasu Yoshitaka , Yamamoto Hideki
Published: October 2020

Magnetic Weyl semimetals have novel transport phenomena related to pairs of Weyl nodes in the band structure. Although the existence of Weyl fermions is expected in various oxides, the evidence of Weyl fermions in oxide materials remains elusive. Here we show direct quantum transport evidence of Weyl fermions in an epitaxial 4d ferromagnetic oxide SrRuO3. We employ machine-learning-assisted molecular beam epitaxy to synthesize SrRuO3 films whose quality is sufficiently high to probe their intrinsic transport properties. Experimental observation of the five transport signatures of Weyl fermions—the linear positive magnetoresistance, chiral-anomaly-induced negative magnetoresistance, π phase shift in a quantum oscillation, light cyclotron mass, and high quantum mobility of about 10,000 cm2V−1s−1—combined with first-principles electronic structure calculations establishes SrRuO3 as a magnetic Weyl semimetal. We also clarify the disorder dependence of the transport of the Weyl fermions, which gives a clear guideline for accessing the topologically nontrivial transport phenomena.
Concepts of extracellular matrix remodelling in tumour progression and metastasis
Authors: Winkler Juliane , Abisoye-Ogunniyan Abisola , Metcalf Kevin J. , Werb Zena
Published: October 2020

Tissues are dynamically shaped by bidirectional communication between resident cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) through cell-matrix interactions and ECM remodelling. Tumours leverage ECM remodelling to create a microenvironment that promotes tumourigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we focus on how tumour and tumour-associated stromal cells deposit, biochemically and biophysically modify, and degrade tumour-associated ECM. These tumour-driven changes support tumour growth, increase migration of tumour cells, and remodel the ECM in distant organs to allow for metastatic progression. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tumourigenic ECM remodelling is crucial for developing therapeutic treatments for patients.
A network model of Italy shows that intermittent regional strategies can alleviate the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Della Rossa Fabio , Salzano Davide , Di Meglio Anna , De Lellis Francesco , Coraggio Marco , Calabrese Carmela , Guarino Agostino , Cardona-Rivera Ricardo , De Lellis Pietro , Liuzza Davide , Lo Iudice Francesco , Russo Giovanni , di Bernardo Mario
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 epidemic hit Italy particularly hard, yielding the implementation of strict national lockdown rules. Previous modelling studies at the national level overlooked the fact that Italy is divided into administrative regions which can independently oversee their own share of the Italian National Health Service. Here, we show that heterogeneity between regions is essential to understand the spread of the epidemic and to design effective strategies to control the disease. We model Italy as a network of regions and parameterize the model of each region on real data spanning over two months from the initial outbreak. We confirm the effectiveness at the regional level of the national lockdown strategy and propose coordinated regional interventions to prevent future national lockdowns, while avoiding saturation of the regional health systems and mitigating impact on costs. Our study and methodology can be easily extended to other levels of granularity to support policy- and decision-makers.
Adaptive thermogenesis enhances the life-threatening response to heat in mice with an Ryr1 mutation
Authors: Wang Hui J. , Lee Chang Seok , Yee Rachel Sue Zhen , Groom Linda , Friedman Inbar , Babcock Lyle , Georgiou Dimitra K. , Hong Jin , Hanna Amy D. , Recio Joseph , Choi Jong Min , Chang Ting , Agha Nadia H. , Romero Jonathan , Sarkar Poonam , Voermans Nicol , Gaber M. Waleed , Jung Sung Yun , Baker Matthew L. , Pautler Robia G. , Dirksen Robert T. , Riazi Sheila , Hamilton Susan L.
Published: October 2020

Mutations in the skeletal muscle Ca2+release channel, the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RYR1), cause malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) and a life-threatening sensitivity to heat, which is most severe in children. Mice with an MHS-associated mutation inRyr1(Y524S, YS) display lethal muscle contractures in response to heat. Here we show that the heat response in the YS mice is exacerbated by brown fat adaptive thermogenesis. In addition, the YS mice have more brown adipose tissue thermogenic capacity than their littermate controls. Blood lactate levels are elevated in both heat-sensitive MHS patients withRYR1mutations and YS mice due to Ca2+driven increases in muscle metabolism. Lactate increases brown adipogenesis in both mouse and human brown preadipocytes. This study suggests that simple lifestyle modifications such as avoiding extreme temperatures and maintaining thermoneutrality could decrease the risk of life-threatening responses to heat and exercise in individuals withRYR1pathogenic variants.
Synthetic lethality of RB1 and aurora A is driven by stathmin-mediated disruption of microtubule dynamics
Authors: Lyu Junfang , Yang Eun Ju , Zhang Baoyuan , Wu Changjie , Pardeshi Lakhansing , Shi Changxiang , Mou Pui Kei , Liu Yifan , Tan Kaeling , Shim Joong Sup
Published: October 2020

RB1 mutational inactivation is a cancer driver in various types of cancer including lung cancer, making it an important target for therapeutic exploitation. We performed chemical and genetic vulnerability screens in RB1-isogenic lung cancer pair and herein report that aurora kinase A (AURKA) inhibition is synthetic lethal in RB1-deficient lung cancer. Mechanistically, RB1−/− cells show unbalanced microtubule dynamics through E2F-mediated upregulation of the microtubule destabilizer stathmin and are hypersensitive to agents targeting microtubule stability. Inhibition of AURKA activity activates stathmin function via reduced phosphorylation and facilitates microtubule destabilization in RB1−/− cells, heavily impacting the bipolar spindle formation and inducing mitotic cell death selectively in RB1−/− cells. This study shows that stathmin-mediated disruption of microtubule dynamics is critical to induce synthetic lethality in RB1-deficient cancer and suggests that upstream factors regulating microtubule dynamics, such as AURKA, can be potential therapeutic targets in RB1-deficient cancer.