bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRAKTIK POLIGAMI DI BAWAH TANGAN DI DESA LADEN KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN
Authors: Warits Abd. , Wahed Abd.
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini membahas tentang praktik poligami yangdilakukan di Desa Laden tanpa ada niatan sebelumnyauntuk melakukan poligami. Namun seiring denganberjalannya waktu semuanya terjadi tanpa ada kesadaranyang disebabkan let re‟. Perkawinan poligami yangdilakukan tanpa adanya sepengetahuan isteri yangpertama dan dilakukan di bawah tangan (ilegal) tidaksesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun1974, sehingga banyak menimbulkan dampak negatif,bahkan melenceng dari tujuan perkawinan yang telahdiatur dalam UU yang ada di Indonesia.
FENOMENA KAWIN SANDHÉK PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DI DESA SOKALELAH KECAMATAN KADUR KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN
Authors: Yanto Suhri , Hefni Moh.
Published: March 2021

Pelaksanaan kawin sandhék di Desa Sokalelah Kecamatan Kadur Kabupaten Pamekasan sangat berbeda denganpelaksanaan perkawinan pada umumnya karenapelaksanaannya dilakukan di tempat calon pengantin yangditinggal kabur (laki-laki), hal ini disebabkan oleh tidakadanya persiapan sama sekali dari pihak keluarga calonpengantin esandhék itu (perempuan) karenapemberitahuannya hanya semalam sebelum keesokannyadilaksanakan akad nikahnya. dan dalam pelaksanaankawin sandhék ini tidak dilakukan lamaran terlebih dahulukarena sangat mendadak. Tujuan dilaksanakannya kawinsandhék Untuk menutupi rasa malu atau aib dari keluargacalon pengantin yang ditinggal kabur oleh pasangannyatanpa ada alasan yang jelas, Untuk menghindari gagalnyaperkawinan maka dari itu pihak keluarga mencarikan gantiperempuan di sekitar rumah atau di pondok pesantren;dan untuk membentuk keluarga yang sakinah, mawaddahwarahmah serta untuk mendapatkan keturunan yang shalehdan shalehah.
UPAYA PREVENTIF DALAM MENGANTISIPASI KEKERASAN ATAS NAMA AGAMA (ALIRAN SESAT)
Authors: - Hanafi
Published: March 2021

Pentingnya menjaga ketertiban dan kerukunan sebagaimasyarakat yang berbangsa dan bernegara khususnyaberkaitan kebebasan beragama atau berkeyakinan yangmerupakan salah satu bagian yang harus diperhatikansecara serius oleh pemerintah maupun setiap elemensupaya tidak terjadi konflik kekerasan atas nama agama.Berdasarkan uraian di atas, bahwa pendekatan pendidikan,pendekatan musyawarah dan pendekatan dakwahmerupakan upaya preventif pencegahan dalammenanggulangi kejahatan/kekerasan atas nama agama(aliran sesat). Karena pendekatan tersebut pada hakikatnyaadalah dalam rangka penyadaran kepada masyarakatdalam meyakini ajaran agama dan mejalankan ajaranagama yang benar, serta merupakan pencegahan terjadinyakekerasan. Upaya preventif merupakan tindakan untukmengantisipasi terjadinya pelecehan dan penindasan aliranatau agama lain. Tetapi dengan kebijakan preventif inibukan berarti harus tidak diproses dengan hukum pidanamelainkan sebagai tindakan ke arah penghapusan faktor faktorpotensial penyebab timbulnya aliran dan kekerasanatas nama agama.
Entrevista: Maria Cristiane Barbosa Galvão
Authors: Carvalho Terra Marcos Vinícius Santos
Published: March 2021

Maria Cristiane Barbosa é professora do Departamento de Medicina Social da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Doutora em Ciência da Informação pela Universidade de Brasília, realizou estágio na Universidade de Montreal. Além disso, foi pesquisadora associada da Universidade de Campinas e professora visitante do Departamento de Medicina de Família da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade McGill e da Universidade de Málaga. Pesquisadora na área de informação em saúde, nesta entrevista, traz reflexões sobre a importância de pesquisadores e profissionais da informação na área da saúde no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19. A entrevista foi realizada em outubro de 2020.
CLINICAL-IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF RIBOMUNYL IN CHILDREN WITH VIRUS-INDUCED BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: Belan E. B. , Nikiforova E. M. , Zayachnikova T. E. , Shishimorov L. N. , Magnitskaya O. V.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study is to research the effects of immunostimulant Ribomunyl in virus-induced bronchial asthma (VBA) children.

Materials and methods. 14 virus-induced bronchial asthma (VBA) children were agministrated with immunostimulant Ribomunyl as a part of complex therapy in a 18-month trial (3 cycles of treatment). The comparison group consisted of 16 patients who received only standard therapy for bronchial asthma. At the end of the study, against the background of basic BA therapy, the following parameters were estimated: the frequency of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), the need for antibacterial therapy, the frequency of IgG to respiratory-syncytial virus (RSV) prevalence, the serum level dynamics of total IgE, IFN-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon gamma (IFN-γ).

Results. The inclusion of Ribomunyl into the basic therapy complex in virus-induced bronchial asthma (VBA) children, made it possible to reduce the need for the VBA basic therapy complex by 50% and by 12,5% (р=0,0279). At the same time, as for the frequency of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), there was a comparable decrease in both groups, but in the main group the number of cases requiring antibiotic therapy decreased from 78.6% to 42.9% (p=0.0199). The inclusion of Ribomunyl into the basic therapy complex resulted in the decrease of the total IgE serum level; in the patients with the initial presence of IgG to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the IL-4 level decreased and the IFN-γ level increased.

Conclusion. Ribomunyl improves the treatment of virus-induced bronchial asthma (VBA) children, herewith the dynamics of immunological indicators is more in RSV-seropositive patients.
ANTIBACTERIAL AND IMMUNOTROPIC PROPERTIES OF ISOLIQUIRITIGENIN IN GENERALIZED STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTION IN MICE
Authors: Solyonova E. A. , Pavlova S. I.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the effects of isoliquiritigenin in generalized bacterial infections.

The aim is to study antibacterial and immunotropic mechanisms and effects of isoliquiritigenin in generalized staphylococcal infections in a mouse model.

Materials and methods. To assess the survival rate of Balb/C mice, a generalized infection model caused by Staphylococcus aureus J49 ATCC 25923 with Kaplan-Meier curves was used. The degree of bacteremia during the development of infection was determined by the method of sector crops. The minimum inhibitory concentration of isoliquiritigenin against Staphylococcus aureus J49 ATCC 25923 was determined by serial dilutions methods. To study an antibiofilm activity, the MTT test and atomic force microscopy were used. Immunotropic effects were studied by assessing peptone-induced migration of phagocytes into the abdominal cavity, proliferation of mitogen-activated lymphocytes in the MTT test and their cytokine secretion using the MILLIPLEX MAP kit on a Magpix multiplex analyzer.

Results. It has been established that a preliminary intraperitoneal administration of isoliquiritigenin (30 mg/kg) increases the survival rate of Balb/C mice in case of generalized staphylococcal infections. Isoliquiritigenin has antibacterial (MOC = 64 μg/ml) and antibiofilm (4–32 μg/ml) activities against S. aureus J49 ATCC 25923, does not inhibit the migration of phagocytes in the abdominal cavity, dose-dependently inhibits the proliferation and secretion of cytokines by mitogenactivated T-lymphocytes and modulates the production of cytokines (IL-2, IL-12p70, IFNg, TNFα, IL-6, IL-22, IL-23, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17E/IL-25, GM-CSF, MIP – 3a/CCL20, IL-10) by the cells of inguinal lymph nodes and splenocytes in the early stages of generalized staphylococcal infections.

Conclusion. A preliminary administration of isoliquiritigenin increases the survival rate of mice with generalized staphylococcal infections, which may be associated with both antimicrobial (antistaphylococcal, antibiofilm) and immunotropic mechanisms. The obtained data on the pharmacodynamics of isoliquiritigenin deserve attention from the point of view of the prospects of the new drugs creation that reduce mortality in staphylococcal sepsis.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SOLID DOSAGE FORM WITH ADSORPTION ACTIVITY
Authors: Chirkova M. V. , Gulyaev D. K. , Chugunova M. P. , Belonogova V. D.
Published: March 2021

Enterosorbents are produced in various dosage forms – powders, tablets, pastes, etc., some of them are also manufactured in the form of capsules. A water-soluble polysaccharide complex (WSPC) manifesting a pronounced adsorption activity, which determines the prospects for the development of dosage forms of sorbents, was obtained from the cones of European Spruce (Picea abies).

The aim of the work is to develop a solid dosage form with an adsorption activity based on a water-soluble polysaccharide complex from the cones of European Spruce (Picea abies).

Materials and methods. The samples of European Spruce (Picea abies) cones were collected on the territory of Ilyinsky district of the Perm Krai and used as plant raw materials. A water-soluble polysaccharide complex was obtained from the raw materials. In order to improve the technological properties of the substance, (WSPC) granulates were obtained. The granulates were hand-made by wet granulation. The adsorption activity of the obtained granules was determined by the ability to bind methylene blue.

Results. As a result of the experiment it has been established, that the WSPC substance of European Spruce (Picea abies) cones needs to be improved in its technological properties. Granulation of the substance led to an improvement in technological properties and an increase in the adsorption activity in most of the selected compositions. It has also been shown that increased moisture content of granulate decreases its adsorption activity. A direct dependence of the adsorption activity on the concentration of the granulating liquid (with the exception of some granulates) has been revealed, but no significant effect of the size of the granulate particles on the manifestation of the adsorption effect has been reported. According to the results of the study, a dosage form “Capsules” has been proposed for the compositions that showed the best results of the adsorption activity, and their biopharmaceutical evaluation was carried out according to the disintegration test.

Conclusion. Thus, a solid dosage form with an adsorption activity has been obtained. The study shows the prospects for further research on the preparation of the drug with an adsorption activity based on the water-soluble polysaccharide complex of European Spruce (Picea abies) cones.
STUDY OF THE STABILITY OF THE SUBSTANCE 3-[2-(4-PHENYL-1-PIPERAZINO)-2-OXOETHYL]QUINAZOLINE-4(3Н)-ONE UNDER STRESSFUL CONDITIONS
Authors: Gendugov T. A. , Glushko A. A. , Ozerov A. A. , Shcherbakova L. I.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the research was to study the stability of a new pharmaceutical substance 3-[2-(4-phenyl-1-piperazino)-2-oxoethyl]quinazoline-4(3Н)-one under stress conditions.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the ICH guidelines. The object of the study was a previously unknown derivative of quinazoline-4(3H)-one: 3-[2-(4-phenyl-1-piperazino)-2-oxoethyl] quinazoline-4(3Н)-one synthesized in Volgograd state medical university. The following laboratory equipment was used: HPLC chromatograph, HPLC-MS, centrifuge, electronic scales, pH meter, thermostat, laboratory filters. The computational experiment was conducted on a computer with an Intel Xeon E3-1230 processor using the programs ORCA 4.1. and GROMACS 2019.

Results. The influence of the most unfavorable environmental factors, such as high temperature, light, oxidants, hydrolysis in acidic and alkaline environments, affect the stability of the test substance. The results of the computer-based stability prediction were confirmed by HPLC and HPLC-MS, and the degradation products of the substance under stressful conditions were determined. The conducted studies showed that the test substance is stable to UV radiation at the wavelength of 365 nm, at the elevated temperature (80°C), to the action of oxidants. But it is unstable to hydrolysis: in an alkaline medium of sodium hydroxide 1M, a break in the amide group occurs with the formation of 2-(4-oxoquinazoline-3-yl)acetic acid and 1-phenylpiperazine. And in an acidic environment, hydrochloric acid 1M is also destroyed, but it is significantly reduced, presumably due to the protonation and stabilization of tertiary nitrogen atoms in the molecule.

Conclusion. The conducted research makes it possible to conclude that the test substance 3-[2-(4-phenyl-1-of piperazino)-2-oxoethyl]quinazoline-4(3Н)-one is stable to aggressive environmental factors, with the exception of hydrolysis in an alkaline environment that will be further considered in the preparation of regulatory documents for this pharmaceutical substance.
ESTIMATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF HORMONE-REGULATING SYNCHRONIZATION OF OVULATION IN FEMALE MICE
Authors: Pokrovsky V. M. , Patrakhanov E. A. , Lebedev P. R. , Belashova A. V. , Karagodina A. Yu. , Shabalin A. A. , Nesterov A. V. , Markovskaya V. A. , Pokrovsky M. V.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the wok is to assess the efficiency of hormone-regulating synchronization of ovulation in female mice, to increase the number of simultaneously fertilized individuals and obtain their offspring in the planned time frame.

Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 180 female mice of three lines – CBA/lac, C57BL/6, BALB/c (n = 60), divided into three subgroups: intact (mating without confirmation of the estrous phase) (n = 20), cytological examination of vaginal secretions before mating with the determination of the estrous phase (n = 20), hormone-regulating synchronization of the estrous cycle with the introduction of progesterone (4.5 mg/100 g) on the 1st and prostaglandin F2α (0.083 mg/100 g) on the 7th day, once from the beginning of the experiment followed by immediate mating (n = 20). The planned date of delivery was considered the 22nd day from the moment of mating. The ovulation synchronization index (OSI) was assessed on the 14th day after mating.

Results. On the 14th day from the beginning of the experiment, the ovulation synchronization index in the intact groups of the CBA/lac, C57BL/6, BALB / c lines, was 25%, 25%, 40%, respectively. On the 14th day, the number of pregnant individuals admitted to mating after the established estrus by the method of cytological assessment of vaginal secretions according to OSI, was 65%, 60%, 75%, respectively. In the experimental groups, OSI was 80%, 75%, 100%, respectively. On the 22nd day, the number of delivered females of CBA/lac, C57BL/6, BALB/c lines in the intact group, was 3, 1, 3 individuals; in the control group – 10, 6, 9, and in the experimental group – 16, 15, 17, which is significantly higher than in the control and intact groups (p˂0.05).

Conclusion. Hormone-regulating synchronization of ovulation in female mice significantly increases the number of delivered individuals on the 22nd day, relative to those synchronized by estrus by 53%, and to intact groups by 85.5%. It has been revealed that an additional effect of hormonal synchronization of ovulation is an increase in the number of offspring by 120% in comparison with the control groups and by 390% in comparison with the intact groups. This method of timing planning of the offspring birth of the experimental animals reduces the time spent on preclinical studies of drugs for the following types of assessment of toxic effects: reproductive toxicity, embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, effects on fertility.
MUMPS: ACHIEVEMENTS, PROBLEMS AND WAYS OF SOLUTION
Authors: Semerikov V. V. , Yuminova N. V. , Postanogova N. O. , Sofronova L. V.
Published: March 2021

The aim. The article highlights the current state of the problem of mumps in the world and the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. The materials of the study were electronic resources WHO infection control, Cohrane, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, CDC infection diseases database, PubMed, eLibrary, CyberLeninka. The research methods were the analysis and generalization of scientific literature. The assessment is presented by the immunological structure of the population in different age groups to mumps (n = 593) in the study area (2018) according to the data of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Perm Territory.

Results. The spread of mumps is found to be widespread and uneven in different regions of the world in the form of sporadic cases and large epidemic outbreaks, despite the world practice of vaccine prevention of mumps. Analysis of the immunological structure to mumps in different age groups revealed a fairly high number of seronegative individuals (the largest number was found among adults aged 20–39 years) in the study area (2018). A decrease in the tension of post-vaccination immunity is the main cause for the emergence of an outbreak among the adult population, in addition to vaccination failures among vaccinated children. The immune defenses created by the vaccine strain do not have the same intensity and duration as with natural infection, and some genotypes of “wild” variants of the mumps virus can break through the immune barrier and cause disease. Antigenic differences between vaccine and circulating strains, low inoculation dose can weaken immunity and reduce the effectiveness of mass vaccine prevention.

Conclusion. Ways of solving the problem were proposed to forestall an unfavorable epidemic situation with mumps.
EFFECT OF THE GABA DERIVATIVE SUCCICARD ON THE LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN THE OFFSPRING OF RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL PREECLAMPSIA IN EARLY AND LATE ONTOGENY
Authors: Muzyko E. A. , Perfilova V. N. , Nesterova A. A. , Suvorin K. V. , Tyurenkov I. N.
Published: March 2021

Maternal preeclampsia can bring about metabolic disorders in the offspring at different stages of ontogeny. Up to date, no ways of preventive pharmacological correction of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorders developing in different periods of ontogeny in the children born to mothers with this pregnancy complication, have been developed.

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of the gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative succicard (22 mg/kg) and its reference drug pantogam (50 mg) administered per os in the course of treatment in puberty (from 40 to 70 days after birth), on the parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the offspring of the rats with experimental preeclampsia, in different periods of ontogeny.

Materials and methods. To assess the activity of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the offspring, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 40 days, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months of age. The level of glycosylated hemoglobin was measured at the age of 6, 12, and 18 months, and the concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were tested at 40 days, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months of age.

Results. The offspring of the rats with experimental preeclampsia, were found out to have lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disturbances during early (40 days and 3 months of age) and late (6, 12, and 18 months of age) ontogeny. In comparison with the offspring of healthy females, these disturbances were manifested by significantly higher levels of glucose revealed during the oral glucose tolerance test, by high glycosylated hemoglobin in males, and with elevated concentration of total cholesterol and triglycerides and a low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the negative control rats. Both the gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative succicard and its reference drug pantogam, reduced the negative effect of experimental preeclampsia on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the offspring in late ontogeny (6, 12 and 18 months of age). The effectiveness of succicard was either higher or comparable with pantogam.

Conclusion. Thus, the negative impact manifestations of experimental preeclampsia on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, are revealed in the offspring in early (40 days and 3 months) and late (6, 12 and 18 months of age) ontogeny. The gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative succicard reduces the negative effect of experimental preeclampsia. Based on this finding, the drug implies the possibility of the development of a safe and highly effective medicine for preventive correction of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorders in the children born to mothers with preeclampsia.
ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL PRACTICE OF DRUG QUALITY RISK MANAGEMENT IN RUSSIAN PHARMACEUTICAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Kashirina A. B. , Aladysheva Zh. I. , Pyatigorskaya N. V. , Belyaev V. V. , Beregovykh V. V.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the research was to study the current industrial practice of drug quality risk management in Russian pharmaceutical enterprises, including the assessment of the main problems during the implementation of the risk management system and its compliance with the accepted international approaches.

Materials and methods. In the period from 6 April to 10 May 2020, an online survey of the leading employees in the field of quality assurance of Russian manufacturers was conducted. In the survey, the questionnaire was based on the results of the authors’ analysis of the national regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the European Union countries, international guidelines of the EAEU, ICH and WHO in this area. 111 people took part in the survey, the return of questionnaires was 11.5%.

Results. The data obtained indicate the prevalence of a superficial approach to quality risk management in the Russian pharmaceutical industry, the presence of objective and subjective reasons that hinder the effective implementation of these methods, the fragmentation of the systems used and, in most cases, their ineffective use. The respondents believe that the most significant reasons for the difficulties in implementing this methodology, are the lack of recommendations from the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia on creating an effective quality risk management system and a shortage of the specialists who are ready to work in the area of this industry. The survey revealed rather large gaps in the deployment of a risk management system at the enterprise and separation from the established international practice.

Conclusions. The data obtained indicate the extreme urgency of developing recommendations for a quality risk management system, which should be based upon and supported by Russian regulatory legal acts and international experience in this area. The authors propose highlights for these recommendations.
Type 1 medication review based on a pharmacy’s electronic medication records: first steps towards an algorithm to stratify patients for tailored pharmacy services
Authors: Reis Ligia , Monteiro Miguel , Lourenço Luis , Gregório João
Published: March 2021

Algorithms, queries, and knowledge-based systems are among approaches to screen electronic patient records stored in databases and support pharmacist medication reviews. The aim of this study was to perform a type 1 medication review and identify clusters that enable the definition of an algorithm to tailor pharmacy professional interv A retrospective observational study was conducted on a convenience sample of pharmacy records. Records were included if patients had a medication dispensing history between June 2017 - July 2018 and used two or more chronic medications. Statistical analysis used a two-step cluster to identify common characteristics among fifty-five sets of patient records which underwent Type 1 medication review. The median number of drugs used per patient was five [IQR: 3.0 – 7.0]. 18.2% of patients had inappropriate drugs, and 30.9% had moderate or major interaction potential. Four clusters were identified based on the variables of interactions, number of drugs used, contraindications, Beers criteria and measurable biomarkers, allowing to envision possible pharmaceutical interventions, as well as the priority in providing that intervention. The identification of patient clusters via medication review of electronic records of pharmacy patients supports the design of criteria-based algorithms, likely to be automated.
Partner preference and age: User's mating behavior in online dating
Authors: Šetinová Markéta , Topinková Renáta
Published: March 2021

Objective: We test whether real online-user mating behavior corresponds with expectations from both the sociobiological and social perspectives and explore the age differentials that individuals opt for when searching for a mate and how this evolves relative to the user’s age and gender.

Background: Age plays a vital role in partner choice. Previous studies have focused primarily on age differences between couples and their self-reported preferences for partners of a certain age. However, little is known about how age affects behavior in the online dating market.

Method: We use behavioral data from a Czech online dating app, Pinkilin and analyze 197,519 invitations that users sent to each other in July 2017.

Results: Men strongly prefer young women, and women prefer partners of their age or slightly older. At older ages, men’s preference for younger women widens, while women's preferences become more diverse. Homogamous tendencies are stronger among younger users and women.

Conclusion: Overall, our results corroborate those of previous research on online dating, but we extend this research in terms of age differences in the Czech context.
Karpal Tünel Sendromu Cerrahi Tedavisinde Uygulanan Lokal Anestezi veya Periferik Sinir Bloğunun Postoperatif Komplikasyonlara Etkisi ve Maliyet Analizi
Authors: SUBAŞI Özay , TANOĞLU Oğuzhan
Published: March 2021

Amaç:Karpal tünel sendromu cerrahisi en sık uygulanan el cerrahisi ameliyatlarından birisidir ve artmış sağlık harcamalarına neden olmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, lokal veyaperiferik sinir bloğu yöntemleriyle uygulanan açık karpal tünel sendromu cerrahilerinin postoperatif komplikasyonlara ve ameliyat maliyetlerine etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem:Ocak 2013 ile Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında, 323 hastanın 382 eline uygulanan lokal veyaperiferik sinir bloğu ile açık karpal tünel cerrahilerine bağlı gelişen postoperatif komplikasyonlar ve ameliyat maliyetleri açısından retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir.Hasta kayıt sisteminden; en az 12 aylık takibi olan hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, ameliyat tarihi, anestezi tipi, eşlik eden hastalıkları, postoperatif komplikasyonları, komplikasyon tarihleri, toplam yatış süreleri, toplam takip süreleri ve toplam cerrahi maliyetleri incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Lokal anestezi uygulanan hastalarda ortalama ameliyat maliyeti istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha düşük bulunmuştur(p
Spatial and temporal variability of cv. Tempranillo response within the Toro DO (Spain) and projected changes under climate change
Authors: Ramos María Concepción , Go Daniël T.H.C. , Castro Santiago
Published: March 2021

This work aimed to analyse the spatial and temporal variability of the response of Tempranillo variety within the Toro Designation of Origin (DO) and the potential changes under climate change scenarios. The research included the analysis of phenology (bud break, bloom, veraison and maturity) and grape composition at harvest recorded in plots located at seven locations in the DO, at elevations between 667 and 779 m above the sea level (a.s.l.). Changes in phenology and composition were projected for 2050 and 2070 under two emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), considering the predicted changes in climate variables using an ensemble of models. Variations in the phenological timing of up to 28 days for bud break, bloom and veraison and up to 30 days for maturity were recorded during the period analysed and titratable acidity varied between 4 and 8 gL-1. The variability in phenology and grape acidity was mainly driven by temperature and available water in different periods between phenological stages, although the effect of soil properties was also confirmed. Under warmer conditions, an advance of all phenological phases was projected (up to 6, 6, 8 and 12 days by 2050 under the RCP4.5 scenario and near double under the RCP8.5 scenario). In addition, a decrease in titratable acidity is projected (about 1.1 and 1.4 gL-1 by 2050, respectively, under the RCP4.5 and the RCP8.5 scenario and up to 2.0 gL-1 by 2070 under the warmest scenario). The results were in agreement with the variability observed in years with contrasting weather conditions.
Application of a novel banding technique and photographic recapture to describe plumage development and behaviour of juvenile Fairy Terns
Authors:   Environmental and Conservation Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia, Greenwell C ,   Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia, Sullivan D ,   BirdLife Australia, Suite 2–05, 60 Leicester Street, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia, Goddard N ,   Western Australian Fairy Tern Network, Conservation Council of Western Australia, Lotteries West House, 2 Delhi Street, West Perth WA 6150, Australia, Bedford Bedford ,   Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, 574 Main Street, Bairnsdale VIC 3875, Australia, Douglas T ,   BirdLife Australia, Suite 2–05, 60 Leicester Street, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
Published: March 2021

The Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis is a seabird that breeds along the coast and whose small populations are dispersed over vast stretches of the Australian seaboard and nearshore islands. In recent years, citizen science programs have been developed to bolster monitoring efforts to better understand breeding success and identify site threat profiles. The development of protocols that facilitate the collection of consistent measurements is important for long-term monitoring of this threatened (Vulnerable) species. This study describes plumage development and age-related behaviour in juvenile Australian Fairy Terns using direct observations and photographic recapture of individually marked birds. This information may be used as the basis for the development of a field ageing guide, enabling the collection of standardised information on colony demographics and juvenile development. A temporary colour-banding study was trialled by painting nail varnish onto 15 Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme (ABBBS) incoloy bands, avoiding the need to band nestlings with additional readable or PVC colour-bands. The varnish remained intact, albeit chipped, on four surviving birds that were resighted ≤80 days after banding, enabling the identification of individuals away from the colony site, without the need for recapture. The temporary marking of ABBBS bands using nail varnish offered an effective short-term solution for identifying individual juvenile Fairy Terns in the field and for describing plumage changes over a period of c. 3 months.
Development Of Mathematics Teaching Materials Oriented Mathematic Literation And Life Enterpreneurship
Authors: Adirakasiwi Alpha Galih , Warmi Attin , Nawawi Achmad
Published: March 2021

Mathematical literacy is a very hot issue in the development of mathematics learning, apart from mathematical literacy, another interesting thing is the entrepreneurial spirit that must be given from an early age, especially for vocational students. This research was conducted at SMK Rosma Karawang in the Department of Computer and Network Engineering, West Java Province with the XI grade students. The teaching materials developed by applying the principles of the development model developed with the ADDIE model consist of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. This research and development model is considered suitable for developing teaching tools and materials which is used for the purposes of the learning process. Based on the results of data analysis and processing that have been carried out in this study, the development of teaching materials using the ADDIE model has met the appropriate and valid criteria by media, language and media expert valuators. Another result of developing this teaching material besides meeting the eligibility criteria is that the teaching materials developed are able to increase mathematical literacy and instill entrepreneurial spirit for students.
Kajian Kuat Tekan Uniaksial Beton Memadat Sendiri dengan Kadar Fly Ash 50%
Authors: Kurniawan Ridlo Dwi
Published: March 2021

Abstrak

Meningkatnya permintaan terhadap semen sebagai salah satu material pokok dalam pembuatan beton. Sedangkan gas karbondioksida yang dihasilkan dari proses produksi semen cukup tinggi dan memberikan dampak buruk terhadap lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan inovasi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Dalam beberapa penelitian terakhir, terdapat inovasi baru yaitu dengan menggabungkan beton yang berjenis scc dengan fly ash berkadar tinggi. Inovasi tersebut dikenal dengan High Volume Fly Ash -Self Compacting Concrete (HVFA-SCC). Fly ash menggandung senyawa pozzolan silika dan alumina yang cukup tinggi sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pengganti semen. Untuk memperoleh hasil kepadatan yang maksimum, maka dibutuhkan hasil beton segar yang mempunyai daya alir tinggi dan dapat memadat sendiri. Penggunaan fly ash dan agregat yang kecil akan menciptakan daya alir beton yang tinggi, karena gesekan yang terjadi antar partikel material semakin kecil. Hal tersebut dapat mengurangi kadar air pada formula beton dan dapat menghasikan beton dengan kuat tekan tinggi. Pada penelitian ini, kadar fly ash yang digunakan adalah 50% dari total volume semen pada beton. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa pengaruh yang dihasilkan dari penggunaan fly ash kadar 50% sebagai pengganti semen pada beton SCC. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu secara ekperimental, dimana pembuatan rancang campur beton menggunakan fly ash sebagai pengganti 50% dari volume semen. Benda uji yang digunakan berbentuk silinder dengan ukuran 30cm x 15cm. Pengujian terhadap beton Produksi segar dilakukan dengan 3 metode pengujian, yaitu pengujian flow table, pengujian l-box, dan pengujian v-funnel. Pengujian terhadap beton keras dilakukan dengan memberikan tekanan pada benda uji menggunakan alat uji kuat tekan beton pada umur 28 hari. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fly ash sebagai pengganti sebagian semen menghasilkan beberapa pengaruh terhadap karakteristik beton. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa HVFA-SCC kadar 50% menghasilkan beton segar yang memiliki tingkat kelecakan yang baik dan dapat diaplikasikan pada pembuatan rancang campur beton. Nilai dari hasil kuat tekan setiap benda uji sebagai berikut, HVFA.50.A = 44,1390 MPa ; HVFA.50.B = 32,8200 MPa.

Kata Kunci : Fly Ash, High Volume Fly Ash, Self Compacting Concrete, Kuat Tekan.
Uji Balok Beton Bertulang Memadat Sendiri High Volume Fly Ash 50% Tanpa dan Dengan Sengkang
Authors: Arifia Febri
Published: March 2021

SCC (Self Compacting Concrete) merupakan salah satu inovasi dalam mempermudah pekerjaan infrastruktur. Fly ash adalah sisa-sisa pembakaran batu bara yang berbentuk partikel halus dan merupakan bahan anorganik yang terbentuk dari perubahan bahan mineral karena proses pembakaran dari proses pembakaran batubara. Sifat kimia fly ash menjadikan fly ash digunakan sebagai bahan pengganti semen. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji seberapa besar kapasitas geser balok beton bertulang High Volume Fly Ash – Self Compacting Concrete (HVFA – SCC) dengan kadar fly ash 50 % dan kemudian akan dibandingkan dengan balok beton normal. Benda uji yang digunakan balok beton bertulang dengan luas penampang 10 cm x 18,5 cm dengan panjang 130 cm. Pengujian kapasitas geser  menggunakan alat loading frame dengan melakukan 2 titik pembebanan. Dari pengujian ini akan didapatkan grafik hubungan beban-lendutan serta perhitungan kapasitas geser balok beton HVFA-SCC 50%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini kapasitas geser pengujian balok beton HVFA-SCC550% memiliki nilai yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kapasitas geser hasil pengujian balok beton normal yang diuji pada umur 28 hari yakni sebesar 30,5  kN untuk HVFA-SCC 50% dan 31,29 kN untuk beton normal.
Acute Kidney Injury When Treating Periprosthetic Joint Infections After Total Knee Arthroplasties with Antibiotic-Loaded Spacers
Authors: Dagneaux Louis , Limberg Afton K. , Osmon Douglas R. , Leung Nelson , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Two-stage exchange arthroplasty with a high-dose antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) spacer and intravenous or oral antibiotics is the most common method of managing a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, little is known about the contemporary incidence, the risk factors, and the outcomes of acute kidney injuries (AKIs) in this cohort.

Methods:

We identified 424 patients who had been treated with 455 ALBC spacers after resection of a PJI following a primary TKA from 2000 to 2017. The mean age at resection was 67 years, the mean body mass index (BMI) was 33 kg/m2, 47% of the patients were women, and 15% had preexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD). The spacers (87% nonarticulating) contained a mean of 8 g of vancomycin and 9 g of an aminoglycoside per construct (in situ for a mean of 11 weeks). Eighty-six spacers also had amphotericin B (mean, 412 mg). All of the patients were concomitantly treated with systemic antibiotics for a mean of 6 weeks. An AKI was defined as a creatinine level of ≥1.5 times the baseline or an increase of ≥0.3 mg/dL within any 48-hour period. The mean follow-up was 6 years (range, 2 to 17 years).

Results:

Fifty-four AKIs occurred in 52 (14%) of the 359 patients without preexisting CKD versus 32 AKIs in 29 (45%) of the 65 patients with CKD (odds ratio [OR], 5; p = 0.0001); none required acute dialysis. Overall, when the vancomycin concentration or aminoglycoside concentration was >3.6 g/batch of cement, the risk of AKI increased (OR, 1.9 and 1.8, respectively; p = 0.02 for both). Hypertension (β = 0.17; p = 0.002), perioperative hypovolemia (β = 0.28; p = 0.0001), and acute atrial fibrillation (β = 0.13; p = 0.009) were independent predictors for AKI in patients without preexisting CKD. At the last follow-up, 8 patients who had sustained an AKI had progressed to CKD, 4 of whom received dialysis.

Conclusions:

In our study, the largest series to date that we are aware of regarding this issue, AKI occurred in 14% of patients with normal renal function at baseline, and 2% developed CKD after undergoing a 2-stage exchange arthroplasty for a PJI after TKA. However, the risk of AKI was fivefold greater in those with preexisting CKD. The causes of acute renal blood flow impairment were independent predictors for AKI.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Engineering With Nature : An Atlas, Volume 2
Authors: Bridges Todd , Bourne E. , Suedel Burton , Moynihan Emily , King Jeff
Published: March 2021

Engineering With Nature: An Atlas, Volume 2 showcases EWN principles and practices "in action" through 62 projects from around the world. These exemplary projects demonstrate what it means to partner with nature to deliver engineering solutions with triple-win benefits. The collection of projects included were developed and constructed by a large number of government, private sector, non-governmental organizations, and other organizations. Through the use of photographs and narrative descriptions, the EWN Atlas was developed to inspire interested readers and practitioners with the potential to engineer with nature.
Change in Work-Related Income Following the Uptake of Treatment for Mental Disorders Among Young Migrant Women in Norway: A National Register Study
Authors: Hynek Kamila Angelika , Hollander Anna-Clara , Liefbroer Aart , Hauge Lars Johan , Straiton Melanie Lindsay
Published: March 2021

Purpose Mental disorders are associated with several work-related outcomes such as loss of income. Not much is known about how this varies with migrant background. This study investigated the change in work-related income following the uptake of outpatient mental healthcare (OPMH) treatment, a proxy for mental disorder, in young women with and without migrant background. Additionally, we looked at how the association varied by income levelMethods Using data from four national registries, the study population consisted of women aged 23-40 years residing in Norway for at least three consecutive years between 2006 and 2013 (N=640,527). By using a stratified linear regression with individual fixed effects, we investigated differences between majority women, descendants and eight migrant groups. Interaction analysis was conducted in order to examine differences in income loss following the uptake of OPMH treatment among women with and without migrant background. Results OPMH treatment was associated with a decrease in income for all groups. However, the negative effect was stronger among those with low income. Only migrant women from EU Eastern Europe with a high income were not significantly affected following OPMH treatment. Conclusion Experiencing a mental disorder during a critical age for establishment in the labour market may not only affect income but also subsequent workforce participation and dependency on social welfare services, regardless of migrant background, resulting in large economic costs for both the individual and for society as a whole.
Association Between Glucocorticoids Treatment and Viral Clearance Delay in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Jianbo , Liao Xuelian , Zhou Yue , Wang Luping , Yang Hang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Zhongwei , Kang Yan
Published: March 2021

Background Evidence of glucocorticoids on viral clearance delay of COVID-19 patients is not clear. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched studies on Medline, Embase, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from 2002 to December 2, 2020. We mainly pooled the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), mean difference (MD) or risk ratios (RRs) of viral clearance delay and did subgroup analyses by doses and the severity of illness.Results One trial and 38 observational studies, with a total of 7119 patients, were identified. Glucocorticoids treatment was associated with delayed viral clearance in COVID-19 (Adjusted HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.51 to 1.94, I2=22%, PI 1.45 to 2.01), based on moderate-quality evidence. In subgroup analyses, risk of viral clearance delay was significantly higher among COVID-19 patients being mild or moderate ill (adjusted HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.70, I2=52%; MD 2.59, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.97, I2=24%), but not in those of being severe or critical ill (adjusted HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.26; MD 0.22, 95% CI -1.85 to 2.29, I2=56%); taking high doses (adjusted HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.15; unadjusted RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.94) rather taking low doses (adjusted HR 1.39, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.08; unadjusted RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.77) or pulse (unadjusted RR 1.85, 95% CI 0.66 to 5.19).Conclusions Glucocorticoids treatment delayed viral clearance in COVID-19 patients of being mild or moderate ill or taking a high dose, rather in those of being severe or critical ill or taking low dose or pulse.
Weather Factors Associated with Reduced Risk of Dengue Transmission in an Urbanized Tropical City
Authors: Gui Hao , Gwee Sylvia , Koh Jiayun , Lau Nicholas , Pang Junxiong
Published: March 2021

IntroductionThe association of weather factors on dengue transmission in an urbanized tropical environment remains inconclusive. This study aims to assess the impact of weather factors on dengue incidence in Singapore between 2012 and 2019.MethodsData on weather variables (daily temperature, air quality, rainfall & wind speed) and weekly dengue incidence rates were collected from 1 January 2012 to 25 August 2019. Statistically significant correlated variables identified from cross-correlation analysis using Pearson’s correlation were examined in univariate ARIMA model. Quasi-Poisson model with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was established to assess any non-linear association between climatic factors and dengue incidence. FindingsPoor air quality (PSI: 150) and high wind speeds (12 km/h) were associated with reduced risk of dengue transmission in an urbanized tropical environment. Only a limited temperature range (27-32 °C and 23-25 °C) promotes dengue transmission whereas extreme heat inhibited dengue incidence (27°C, Ref. 25.14 °C; RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.93). Rainfall exerts positive and negative influence alternately on weekly dengue cases across lags but the influence was not robust in sensitivity analysis. Based on split-sample model validation, mean temperature was the best predictor of dengue in prediction part (MAE: 43.15, RMSE: 51.39).
COVID-19 mortality analysis from soft-data multivariate curve regression and machine learning
Authors: Torres-Signes Antoni , Frías M. Pilar , Ruiz-Medina Maria Dolores
Published: March 2021

A multiple objective space-time forecasting approach is presented involving cyclical curve log-regression, and multivariate time series spatial residual correlation analysis. Specifically, the mean quadratic loss function is minimized in the framework of trigonometric regression. While, in our subsequent spatial residual correlation analysis, maximization of the likelihood allows us to compute the posterior mode in a Bayesian multivariate time series soft-data framework. The presented approach is applied to the analysis of COVID-19 mortality in the first wave affecting the Spanish Communities, since March, 8, 2020 until May, 13, 2020. An empirical comparative study with Machine Learning (ML) regression, based on random k-fold cross-validation, and bootstrapping confidence interval and probability density estimation, is carried out. This empirical analysis also investigates the performance of ML regression models in a hard- and soft-data frameworks. The results could be extrapolated to other counts, countries, and posterior COVID-19 waves.
Performance Evaluation and Discrimination of AODV and AOMDV VANET Routing Protocols Based on RRSE Technique 
Authors: AlAhwal Ayman Mohamed , Mahmoud R. A.
Published: March 2021

The routing protocol is an applied standard to determine the communication scheme of different entities with each other to transfer and process the desired data in considerable time via the best routes from the source to the destination. This paper presents the performance evaluation and discrimination for various parameters of two different routing protocols using the Root Relative Squared Error (RRSE). The two protocols under study are Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), and Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV). The literature reviews reveals the simulation results of number of nodes that varies approximately between 5 to 100 nodes. Therefore, that he simulation results will be analyzed for two different experiment as follows the first, the effect of initial node energy variation between 50 to 100 Joules at a fixed network size. Whereas in the second, reveals the impact of the network size, which varies between 50 to 450 nodes at constant initial node energy that it is tested between 50 to 100 Joules. The obtained results of the selected parameters prove that the AOMDV protocol is more efficient, robust, and reliable than the AODV protocol for the first experiment, while the RRSE values of AODV are better for the second. Moreover, the proposed technique based on the RRSE algorithm advantageous to compare the two routing protocols.