bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of high-speed sintering of fine-grained hard alloys based on tungsten carbide with ultralow cobalt content. III. Effect of C content on sintering kinetics of the nanopowders
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Lantsev Е. А. , Malekhonova N. V. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Chuvil’deev V. N. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nokhrin А. V. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Tsvetkov Yu.V. ,   Baikov Institute of metallurgy and materials science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Blagoveshchenskiy Yu. V. ,   Baikov Institute of metallurgy and materials science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Boldin M. S. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Isaeva N. V. ,   Baikov Institute of metallurgy and materials science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Andreev P. V. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Smetanina K. E. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: May 2022

The features of high-speed spark plasma sintering (SPS) of plasma-chemical nanopowders WC – (0.3, 0.6, 1) wt. % Co with the addition of 0.3 and 0.5 wt. % graphite were studied. The structural features of the ultralow-cobalt hard alloys with graphite addition during SPS are due to the simultaneous influence of an increased concentration of oxygen adsorbed on the surface of plasma-chemical WC – Co nanoparticles during mixing with graphite, and the effect of graphite, which leads to a decrease in activation energy of sintering due to a decrease in the intensity of formation of η-phase particles in “oxidized” WC – Co nanopowders, as well as the formation of a fairly uniform fine-grained structure. Samples of fine-grained ultralow-cobalt hard alloys with increased hardness and fracture toughness were obtained (for a WC – 0.6 wt. % Co – 0.3 wt. % C hard alloy with an average grain size of ~ (1 – 1.5) mm, the hardness is Hv = 20.2 – 20.5 GPa with a minimum crack resistance coefficient KIC = 9.2 – 10.4 MPa·m1/2).
Preparation of ZnFe2O4/ZnO/PMMA composition with antibacterial properties and low toxicity
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bakina О. V. , Glazkova Е. А. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vornakova Е. А. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhou V. R. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Suliz K. V. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

In present work, the possibility of obtaining ZnFe2O4/ZnO nanoparticles by electric explosion of zinc and iron wires in an oxygen-containing atmosphere is shown. Based on the obtained nanoparticles and polymethyl methacrylate, ZnFe2O4/ZnO/PMMA composite was obtained, containing from 0.5 to 10 wt. % of nanoparticles. The composite film suppressed the viability of E. coli bacteria with an efficiency of 99.99 %, which is due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. The synthesized composite material with high antibacterial activity is promising for the production of antimicrobial materials for medicine for a long time.
Determination of temperature regimes for annealing of ferromagnetic amorphous wires obtained by the Ulitovsky – Taylor method during heating by direct current flow
Authors:   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Molokanov V. V. , Krutilin A. V. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palii N. A. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chueva T. R. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Umnov P. P. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

The direct current (dc) heating effect of ferromagnetic amorphous wires (AW) on the electromagnetic properties of the serial Co-based alloy, Co – Fe – Cr – Si – B, is investigated. The Ulitovsky – Taylor method was used to produce AW with diameters D = 40, 70, 82, 98, 123, and 145 μm in a glass shell, that was removed mechanically by elastic bending on a laboratory bench. The developed in situ method of stepwise cyclic dc heating of AW of various diameters enables to choose the optimal values of the current (Ia) for carrying out the selected modes that maximize the magnetic properties. AW electromagnetic properties were monitored by registering the amplitude of the intrinsic electromagnetic signal of electromotive force (EMF) of the AW sample under study. Since reliable direct measurements of AW temperature (Ta) when passing the current (Ia) quite an undertakings, we used indirect method of AW heating temperature estimation by establishing the relationship Ta = f (Ia). For the AW specified diameters, the direct current values were experimentally determined, which ensure optimal heat treatment in the range of temperature stability of the amorphous phase, up to the crystallization temperature, Tx. A calibration curve was constructed using reference temperature points, i.e. Tx and the Curie temperature (Tc). The proposed technique for calibration graph construction I = f(D) may be used for different AWs that have different diameters and same composition; it allows one to determine the modes of current annealing required for the best EMF amplitude values of amorphous wires of the given diameter, up to 100 μm.
Psychoanalytische Feldtheorien
Authors: Potthoff Peter
Published: May 2022

Für die Entwicklung der Psychoanalyse war und ist der Intersubjektivitätsgedanke richtungsweisend. Die Feldtheorie knüpft hier an und baut diesen zu einem neuen psychoanalytischen Paradigma aus: Ausgehend von der physikalischen Beschreibung von Kräften, die innerhalb eines Raumes wirken, wird das »Feld« in der Psychoanalyse – sozialwissenschaftlich verstanden – zu einem konstellationsreichen Knotenpunkt von Beiträgen und Einflussfaktoren im Dialog von Analytiker:in und Analysand:in und darüber hinaus.

Peter Potthoff skizziert und vergleicht bestehende psychoanalytische Feldtheorien, zeigt ideengeschichtliche Zusammenhänge hinsichtlich ihrer Entstehung auf und beleuchtet Schnittstellen zu anderen therapeutischen Disziplinen, vor allem der Gruppenanalyse. Darüber hinaus entwickelt er erste Überlegungen zu einem schulenübergreifenden Feldmodell.
Development of Foreign Language Listening Skills in Younger Schoolchildren Using Internet Resources
Authors: Krylova Irina Aleksandrovna , Matyushin Nikita Daniilovich
Published: May 2022

The study aims to provide a theoretical substantiation for the possibility of developing foreign language listening skills in 4th form students using Internet resources. The paper considers the specifics of teaching listening in foreign language classes at primary school, describes the conditions for the effective use of Internet resources in foreign language teaching at primary school. Scientific novelty of the study lies in determining the criteria for selecting materials on the Internet to use in foreign language classes at an early stage of learning, as well as in elaborating the content of the stages of work on the development of listening skills using Internet resources in foreign language classes at primary school. As a result of the study, the researchers have created a set of exercises based on English-language material that contributes to the development of listening skills in younger schoolchildren using Internet resources.
Integration of Learning Personalization Elements into Electronic Educational Content of Foreign Language University Course
Authors: Mirontseva Svetlana Sergeevna , Pavlova Tatyana Alexandrovna , Semenkina Irina Arturovna , Shevchenko Victoria Igorevna , Chengar Olga Vasilevna
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is evaluation of the results of integrating the elements of learning personalization into the “Foreign Language” discipline electronic course based on the LMS Moodle for 1st-year students studying the Humanities within the Bachelor’s degree program at Sevastopol State University (39.03.01 Sociology, 41.03.04 Political Science, 45.03.02 Linguistics) and its subsequent analysis. The article discusses modern approaches to the personalization of learning, as well as the elements of personalization in the e-learning course of a foreign language in the context of a blended learning format. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the substantiation of the effectiveness of integrating the elements of learning personalization in the electronic course of a foreign language at the university. As a result, a scenario has been developed for a student to pass a section of the “Foreign Language” discipline electronic course; the effectiveness of integrating personalization elements into the course structure by introducing adaptive automated settings in the LMS Moodle has been proved.
The digital obesity scale: A scale development study
Authors:   Department of Social Studies Education, Faculty of Education, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey, Koçoğlu Erol
Published: May 2022

With digital transformation introduced technologies to every aspect of human life. Consequently, misuse and excessive use of the internet have also been on the increase. Thus, everyone is a digital obesity candidate today. Therefore, certain strategies should be developed for the use of digital devices. The current study aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement instrument to determine the digital obesity level. In the study, initially, a literature review was conducted on digital obesity and a 63-item draft scale was developed. The language, semantic and content validity of the scale items were determined based on expert opinion. The study data were collected from 320 volunteering participants, who were older than 18 and lived in different geographical regions in Turkey during the 2022 spring term. Statistical procedures such as exploratory factor analysis, item analysis, total item correlation, t-test, and Cronbach Alpha coefficient were conducted. The study findings demonstrated that there were statistically significant differences between all scale items. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale included 5 factors across 33 items. Furthermore, it was determined that the construct of the scale was reliable and the scale could measure the attitudes of individuals towards digital obesity based on the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient (α) = 0.93.
Risk Factor Analysis in Community with Consuming Habits Caffeinated Drinks
Authors: Lingga Kusuma Wardani  , Febriana Ina Lemba  , Joel Rey Ugsang Acob
Published: May 2022

Background: People in general have a habit of consuming coffee every day, from various social status circles they like coffee drinks with different consumption goals. Caffeine is widely found in beverages, drugs, supplements and sweets, is the most widely used stimulant in the world, caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant, diuretic, stimulates the heart muscle, and relaxes bronchial smooth muscles. At standard doses, 50-200 mg of caffeine primarily affects the outer layer of the brain. This effect can reduce fatigue, however the caffeine consumed also turns out to have side effects.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk factors in the community with the habit of consuming caffeinated drinks.
Methods: The design used is a literature review by using several journals from several sources such as: Google Scholar, The keyword used to conduct the search is "factors that influence people's behavior in consuming caffeine drinks", the year of publication are 2015-2020.
Results: The results of the journal discussion showed that the risk factors in the community with the habit of consuming caffeinated beverages had an effect on the health of the individual itself because the dangers of coffee could arise if excessive coffee consumption, which caused the heart to beat fast, became irregular, and caused seizures.
Conclusion: In addition, unfiltered coffee can also trigger several things that can increase the risk of heart disease, because it increases homocysteine (a type of protein-forming amino acid) which is thought to be closely related to heart attacks, increased blood fat, and cholesterol.
The Analysis of Lateral Violence among Nurses in Accredited Hospital in Riau Province
Authors: Fitra Mayenti  , Dilgu Meri  , Mfuh Anita Y. Lukong
Published: May 2022

Background: Violence in the workplace affects the performance of nurses in providing nursing care. In addition, it can increase absenteeism, influence nurses' personal and professional lives, increase administrative stress and distrust, and increase staff burnout and turnover.
Purpose: This study aims to analyze lateral violence in hospital nurses.
Methods: The type of research used in this research is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted at an accredited hospital in Pekanbaru, in January 2019.
Results: The sample of the study was nurses in the room with a total of 50 respondents and the data were analyzed univariately.
Conclusion: The results of the study were obtained at Petala Bumi Hospital, as many as 100% of respondents: often treated politely and respectfully by co-workers, lateral violence from co-workers in the hospital is not a problem, the seriousness of a problem regarding lateral violence by co-workers is very serious category, never lose patience and become rude to coworkers, workload is a major cause of stress related to inadequate staff and resources to deal with while at Syafira Hospital Pekanbaru as many as 80% of respondents are often treated politely and respectfully by co-workers, 48% of respondents are lateral violence from co-workers in a large hospital or caused by many people, 36% of respondents are serious about a problem about lateral violence by co-workers very serious category, 48% of respondents sometimes lose their temper and become rude to coworkers, 64% of respondents workload the main cause of stress is related to inadequate staff and resources to deal.
Establishment of regional genomic surveillance networks in lower and lower-middle income countries
Authors: Aziz Ramy Karam , Giri Basant , GUZMÁN Maria G. , Jiang Huan , Abbès Samir , Figueiredo Cláudia Pinto , IBRAHIM Muntaser E. , Kayitesi Eugénie , Ojokoh Bolanle , Qadri Firdausi , Titanji Vincent P.K. , Gao George F. , Yang Huanming , Majumder Partha
Published: May 2022

This is a position letter that represents the stance of the members of the UNESCO-TWAS Advisory Committee on COVID-19, who come from various countries in the Global South. It addresses the disparity in SARS-CoV-2 genomic data between different countries of the global North and South. It discusses possible causes of the problem and suggests establishing regional genomic surveillance networks.
ANALISIS FILOSOFIS TERHADAP PEMBERLAKUKAN UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTA KERJA BERDASARKAN TEORI JHON AUSTIN PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 91/PUU-XVII/2020
Authors: Saragih Geofani Milthree
Published: May 2022

Menjelang akhir tahun 2019 yang lalu, muncul suatu peristilahan yang asing dikalangan teoritisi maupun praktisi hukum di Indonesia secara umum, yaitu Omnibus Law. Peristilahan tersebut mulai muncul sejak pidato yang disampaikan oleh Presiden Jokowi dalam kesempatan pidato di sidang paripurna Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR) pada tanggal 20 Oktober 2021 dalam rangka pelantikan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden terpilih periode 2019-2024. Pada intinya, Presiden Jokowi mengajak kerja sama kepada DPR dalam rangka mengesahkan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja dengan menggunakan metode Omnibus Law. Perkembangan dari penerapan penggunakan metode Omnibus Law ini menjadi polemik, karena tidak dikenal di dalam hukum positif Indonesia. Banyak desakan dari berbagai golongan untuk menolak pemberlakuan UU Cipta Kerja tersebut karena dianggap melanggar hak-hak asasi manusia. namun pada faktanya, undang-undang tersebut tetap berlaku. Beberapa waktu yang lalu, UU Cipta Kerja telah diputus inkonstitusional bersyarat oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 91/PUU-XVII/2020. Yang pada intinya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tersebut mengarahkan agar pemerintah memperbaiki UU Cipta Kerja selama dua tahun kedepan, dan akan otomatis tidak berlaku apabila dalam jangka waktu dua tahun tidak ada perubahan. Peneliti akan menganalisis, bagaimana paradigma yang digunakan oleh pemerintah dikaitkan dengan teori Jhon Austin yaitu positif analitis (analytical jurisprudence).
Keseimbangan Pasar Uang dan Pasar Barang Dalam Ekonomi Makro Islam
Authors: Alimin Fahira
Published: May 2022

Pasar barang merupakan pasar yang dimana tempat bertemunya penawaran dan permintaan atas sebuah barang atau jasa. Biasanya pasar barang ini disebut atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah sektor rill. Kurva IS merupakan sebuah kurva yang dapat menghubungkan antara suku bunga ( I atau r ) dengan pendapatan nasional (Y) yang menunjukkan titik tingkat keseimbangan pada pasar barang yang akan sellau berpatokan kepada pendapatan nasional pendekatan pengeluaran ( ependatur apporoah ) hanya saja yang membedakannya pada investasi.Pada system ekonomi Islam bunga tidak diberlakukan, sehingga keseimbangan di pasar barang pada ekonomi Islam ini sangat berbeda dengan keseimbangan pasar barang pada system ekonomi konvensional. Hal ini karena system bunga dihapuskan dan diganti dengan tingkat keuntungan yang diharapkan atau expected rate of profit(π).
KURVA KEPUASAN SAMA
Authors: izmi
Published: May 2022

catatan tugas resume ekonomi mikro
A single nucleotide variant on chromosome 10 residing within GATA3 distinguishes patients with luminal A breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2022

Molecular subtypes including the most common subtype luminal A drive patient outcomes in human breast cancer but the biological basis for this is not completely understood (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing genetic and transcriptional features of tumors of each breast cancer molecular subtype. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs1271899, residing within GATA3, as among the most significant genetic differences in the tumors of patients with luminal A breast cancer. In a separate cohort of patients with luminal A subtype breast cancer, we observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of a GATA3 transcript. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that GATA3 primary tumor expression was correlated with overall survival in human breast cancer. Sequence variation in the GATA3 gene may be important in understanding differences in genetic background that favor development of luminal A subtype human breast cancer.
RESUME MATERI EKONOMI
Authors: gunawan sahrul
Published: May 2022

abstrak makalah ini dibuat untuk menyelesaikan tugas mata kuliah ekonomi mikro.dan semoga bisa menambah wawasan bagi para pembacanya
Interpersonal distance theory of autism and its implication for cognitive assessment, therapy, and daily life
Authors: Farkas Kinga , Pesthy Orsolya , Janacsek Karolina , Nemeth Dezso
Published: May 2022

The interpersonal distance theory introduces a new perspective in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research. In the manuscript we highlight neurobiological correlates of interpersonal distance (IPD) regulation characteristically different in ASD; in addition, we touched upon the potential impact of environmental factors on IPD. We suggest that different IPD regulation may have implications for cognitive performance in experimental and diagnostic settings, may influence the effectiveness of training and therapy, and may play a role in the typical forms of social communication and leisure activities chosen by individuals with autism spectrum disorder. We argue that reconsidering the results of ASD research through the lens of interpersonal distance would lead to a different interpretation of previous findings. At the end of the paper, we propose a methodological approach to study this phenomenon systematically.
A single nucleotide variant on chromosome 16 residing within MEAK7 distinguishes patients with luminal A breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2022

Molecular subtypes including the most common subtype luminal A drive patient outcomes in human breast cancer but the biological basis for this is not completely understood (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing genetic and transcriptional features of tumors of each breast cancer molecular subtype. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs8053541, residing within MEAK7, as among the most significant genetic differences in the tumors of patients with luminal A breast cancer. In a separate cohort of patients with luminal A subtype breast cancer, we observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of a MEAK7 transcript. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that MEAK7 primary tumor expression was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal-like breast cancer. Sequence variation in the MEAK7 gene may be important in understanding differences in genetic background that favor development of luminal A subtype human breast cancer.
Partisanship and Divided Perceptions of the American and British Flags
Authors: Trofimchuk Vlada , Goh Jin X.
Published: May 2022

National flags embody their nations’ core values and beliefs but they may be perceived differently in today’s increasingly polarized societies. We conducted two studies (N = 768) in the United States to examine partisan differences between Democrats and Republicans and a third study in the United Kingdom (N = 509) between those in the Labour and Conservative Parties. Across all three studies, we consistently found that Democrat and Labour participants (compared to their Republican and Conservative counterparts) associated their respective national flags with less positive and more negative affect and concepts. Studies 2 and 3 further showed that these partisan divides were driven by how much people associated their national flags with their political outgroup. For Democrats and Labour participants, associating their national flags with their political outgroup predicted less positive and more negative affect but associating the flags with political ingroup predicted more positive and less negative affect.
A Position Sensitive IRT Mixture Model
Authors: Kanopka Klint , Domingue Benjamin
Published: May 2022

Standard item response theory (IRT) models are ill-equipped for scenarios wherein theprobability of a correct response exhibits a dependence on the location in the test where anitem is encountered—a phenomenon that we broadly refer to as position effects.Unmodeled position effects make observed performance contingent upon the specific testform a respondent is exposed to, introducing a potential liability in our attempt to measureability, directly compare students taking the same test, and make consequential inferencesfrom test scores. Traditional work on position effects tends to model them as a purelyitem-side or person-side phenomenon, but observations of within-person variation inresponse time within a single computer adaptive test implies respondents may be engagedin an evolving response process over the course of a test (Domingue et al., 2021). Inspiredby the notion of an evolving response process, we propose a novel position sensitive IRTmodel that is a mixture of item response models. The entire model is a mixture of twoitem response functions that separately capture the difference in response probability whenthe item is encountered early versus late in the test. The mixing proportions of the twomodels depend both on the location of the item in the test booklet and estimatedperson-level characteristics. By imposing a specific functional form on the mixingparameter, we separate person and item contributions to position sensitivity. We describesimulation studies outlining various features of model performance and end with anapplication to a large scale admissions test with observed position effects.
A tool for measuring mental workload during prosthesis use: The Prosthesis Task Load Index (PROS-TLX)
Authors: Parr Johnny , Galpin Adam , Uiga Liis , Marshall Ben , Wright David , Franklin Zoe , Wood Greg
Published: May 2022

When using a prosthesis, a high level of mental, emotional, and physical effort is experienced. These have been linked to high rates of device dissatisfaction and rejection. Therefore, understanding and quantifying the complex nature of mental workload experienced when using, or learning to use, a prosthesis has practical and clinical importance for researchers and applied professionals. The aim of this paper was to design and validate a self-report measure of mental workload specific to prosthesis use (The Prosthesis Task Load Index; PROS-TLX) that encapsulates the array of mental, physical and emotional demands often experienced by users of these devices. We first surveyed prosthetic limb users who confirmed the importance of eight workload constructs taken from published literature and previous workload measures. These constructs were mental demands, physical demands, visual demands, conscious processing, frustration, situational stress, time pressure and device uncertainty. Able-bodied participants wearing eye tracking equipment completed a task requiring them to pick up coins and place them into a jar first using their anatomical hand and then using a myoelectric prosthetic hand simulator with and without time pressure. Performance times were slower, more coins were dropped and there were more hand-focused fixations when using the prosthesis with and without added time pressure, compared to when participants used their anatomical hand. These changes in performance were reflected in significant increases in PROS-TLX workload subscales as predicted. The scale was also found to have good convergent and divergent validity. Overall, the PROS-TLX captures the multidimensional nature of the cognitive, physical and emotional workload experienced by prosthesis users and provides a practical tool for use in both future research and clinical practice.
The influence of COVID-19 fear beliefs on the relationships between positive mood and loss-of-control eating: a ten-day diary study
Authors: Burr Emily , Dvorak Robert , Lynch Gabrielle , Peterson Roselyn , De Leon Ardhys , Leary Angelina
Published: May 2022

Loss-of-control eating (LOCE) is driven by mood, and prevalence increased following onset of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is associated with many stressors, including fear of illness, which could potentiate a relationship between mood and LOCE. Additionally, daily protective strategies to prevent contagion may be associated with LOCE, in line with ego depletion theory. Adults (N = 108) completed a 10-day diary study regarding LOCE, positive and negative mood, and protective behaviors. Participants rated COVID fear beliefs at a baseline assessment, hypothesized to predict LOCE directly between-subjects and have a cross-level interactive effect within-subjects. Data were analyzed with a multilevel model. Negative mood was associated with LOCE at both levels, although protective behaviors evinced no significant associations. Positive mood lacked significant direct association with LOCE, although there was an interactive effect such that there was an inverse association at low fear beliefs. Directions for future research and clinical implications are discussed.
Mathematical models of the evolution of institutions
Authors: Gavrilets Sergey , Currie Thomas E.
Published: May 2022

We review existing mathematical models describing the evolution of social institutions. We discuss the role that formal models can play in understanding institutional change. We highlight the main features such models by focusing on three related questions: What is the function of an institution? What social processes are involved in establishing institutional rules? How does institutional change occur? We illustrate these points by discussing some existing examples of how intuitions have been modeled. Inspired some major patterns of human history, and reflecting the themes of this book, we do this by separately considering institutions in small-scale, the historical emergence of complex sociopolitical institutions, and political and economic institutions in more recent societies. Explicit models of institutional evolution have been relatively few in number but offer the potential of providing important insights into a key aspect of human social organization. We highlight some of important issues that have not received much attention in current models, such as the coevolution of institutions with other aspects of culture.
Musi Ulu Rawas dalam Kajian Sejarah Lokal
Authors: Susetyo Berlian , Ravico Ravico , Wahayuni Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Sebagai warga negara yang memiliki nilai-nilai etika dan budi pekerti yang luhur sudah seharusnya memiliki pengetahuan yang benar terkait sejarah khususnya mengenai Lubuklinggau dan daerah lain disekitarnya pada masa lampau melalui media informasi yang memuat data dan fakta dari sumber yang benar. Terlebih di era kebebasan teknologi informasi saat ini, semua orang dapat memperoleh informasi yang tersebar di dunia maya tanpa batas. Sehingga terhindar dari data yang tidak akurat, terutama tentang sejarah Musi Ulu Rawas.Dengan adanya buku berjudul “Musi Ulu Rawas dalam Kajian Sejarah Lokal” ini dapat menggugah semangat juang generasi muda untuk lebih kreatif dalam menerima informasi sehingga dapat menelorakan gagasan inovatif tanpa meninggalkan norma, etika maupun nilai-nilai luhur bangsa. Buku ini juga saya harapkan akan menjadi rujukan utama dalam penulisan sejarah untuk siapa saja yang menulis tentang sejarah dari Musi Ulu Rawas, yang mana dahulu nama ini menjadi nama daerah yang kita kenal dengan Kota Lubuklinggau, Kabupaten Musi Rawas dan Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara. Sehingga pengetahuan terhadap informasi yang ingin diketahui dan dapat diketahui dengan membaca buku ini. Akhir kata, semoga buku ini bermanfaat dan menambah khazanah pengetahuan kita terhadap sejarah khususnya Lubuklinggau dan daerah disekitarnya, bahkan menjadi penambah literatur bacaan bagi perpustakaan dan pusat rumah baca yang ada di Kota Lubuklinggau, Kabupaten Musi Rawas dan Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara. Saya ucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu penerbitan buku ini. Buku selengkapnya ada di Museum Perjuangan Subkoss Garuda Sriwijaya di Lubuklinggau. Sekian dan Terima Kasih.
Phylodiversity of blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes of coliform isolates from ruminant mastitis in Plateau State Nigeria
Authors:   Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, NVRI Vom, Nigeria., ANUEYIAGU* Kenneth Nnamdi , AGUSI Ebere Roseann ,   Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, NVRI Vom, Nigeria., AUDU Benshak John ,   Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, NVRI Vom, Nigeria., ACHI Lagi Chrysantus ,   Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, NVRI Vom, Nigeria.
Published: May 2022

The study was conducted to determine the genetic characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility, and genetic relatedness of blaTEM-type and blaCTX-M-type ESBLs producing coliforms from ruminants suffering mastitis. In a cross sectional study, a total of 1052 milk samples were collected aseptically from ruminants across Plateau State, Nigeria. Bacterial culture and biotyping were performed according to standard guidelines. Phenotypic assay for ESBL production was carried out using the Brilliance ESBL Chromogenic Culture Medium (Oxoid, UK). Conventional PCR was used for amplification and detection of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM genes as described previously. Sequencing reactions were also performed in the Master Cycler pro 384 (Eppendorf) using the ABI BigDye® Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit (Applied Biosystems), following the protocols supplied by the manufacturer. Sequences obtained were aligned with sequences deposited in the GenBank using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) and phylogentic analysis performed MEGA software version 10.1.8. Coliforms isolated from milk samples included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Serratia marcescens. 677 coliforms were isolated from the 1052 milk samples across Plateau State, where Escherichia coli had the highest prevalence of 44% while Serratia marcescens had the least with 1.8%. Plateau South had the highest prevalence of 82.3%, followed by Plateau North and Plateau Central with 72.9% and 20.5% prevalence respectively. E. aerogenes recorded the highest resistance (85.71%) against Gentamycin, followed by Serratia marcescens with an 81.82% resistance against Gentamycin. The blaCTX-M was more frequently isolated than blaTEM having 24.39 and 12.19% prevalence respectively. The high-level of phylodiversity observed among ruminants means that there is transfer coliform harboring the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes which might have been transmitted from clones of varying origins. The relatedness of the genes among organisms in different animals from diverse geographical locations demand a quick intervention that would reduce mortality and morbidity of animals and zoonotic transmissions. Sustained hygienic standards of livestock housing, milking procedures and processes, culling of chronically affected livestock, regular laboratory screening of pastoralists for infections can serve as good interventions.
Digestive tract parameters, serum metabolites and growth performance of growing pigs
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria., Obongekpe R. P.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the combined efficacy of feed additives on growing pigs, performance and digestive tract parameters. The experiment was conducted for 28 days with 48 male piglets allocated to six dietary treatments. Group 1 was offered a diet without eubiotic; 2 – a diet with acids mixture; 3 – phytobiotic, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and yeast; 4 – probiotic, MCFA, and yeast; 5 – phytobiotic, probiotic, acids mixture, and sodium butyrate; 6 – phytobiotic, probiotic, MCFA, and sodium butyrate. The average daily weight gains and feed intake were recorded. Blood samples, digesta samples, and ileal tissue samples were collected for studies. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in weight gain, feed intake, or FCR among the treatments as well as in the ileal and caecal pH value, microbial content, and total SCFA content in caecal digesta as the level of inclusion increases. However, there was a significant difference in treatment condition 2 to 4. Ammonia content in ileal digesta was significantly higher compared to other groups as caecal digesta was significantly higher in group 6 in comparison with groups 1 and 2. Villi height was significantly higher (p<0.05) in groups 2, 3 and 6 compared to the control. Villi height to crypt depth ratio was significantly higher (p<0.05) in groups 5 and 2, but the most promising effects seem to be from combinations 3 and 4. In comparison with control: in groups 2, 3 and 5 higher Alanine transaminase, glucose and triglyceride; in groups 3, 4 and 5 higher total protein and cholesterol; in group 4 higher albumin and in group 6 higher BUN, were found. Generally, it was concluded that; used eubiotic preparations have significant effect on the gut morphology, growth performance, microbiota and some blood parameters but in smaller ration. It was therefore recommended that eubiotic feeds should be included in pigs feed in smaller ration if the desirable effect is to be determined.
Phenotypic correlation of body weight and morphometric measurements of two breeds of rabbit
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria., Adamu J. , Adam A.A. ,   Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria., Yahaya A. ,   Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria., Raji A.O. ,   Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria., Abbaya H.Y. ,   Department of Animal Production, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria., Ogu I. E. ,   Department of Animal Production, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria.
Published: May 2022

A total of one hundred (100) matured rabbit of 4 to 6 months of age with weight ranging from 1.4 to1.8 kg comprising of New Zealand White (NZW) and Dutch (DUT) breeds were used for the study to evaluate phenotypic correlation of body weight and morphometric traits. They comprise of forty-nine (49) New Zealand White rabbits (13 males and 36 females) and 51 Dutch breed comprising of 21males and 30 females. The experimental design used for the study was completely randomized design and the statistical analysis used was analysis of variance. The body weight and the morphometric traits measured were determined using digital weighing scale and flexible tape in kilograms and centimeters respectively. The data measured were body weight (BW), body length (BL), nose to shoulder length (NSL), heart girth (HG), height at withers (HW), ear length (EL), leg length (LL), tail length (TL) and height of the rabbit (HR). Positive and highly significant (p<0.001) correlation was observed between body weight and body length (r=0.70**). This may indicate that selection for improvement of body weight may lead to an improvement in body length. Moderate and positive correlation (p<0.01) was observed between leg length (LL) and tail length (TL) r=0.26**, nose to shoulder length and tail length 0.36** respectively. Low correlation was observed between nose to shoulder length and leg length (r=0.19**). The results revealed that increase in LL may not necessarily lead to increase in NSL. The results of this study indicated positive and highly significant (p<0.001) correlations between some morphometric traits measured in Dutch and New Zealand White rabbits. This is an indication that increases in one trait may lead to an increase in the other corresponding trait for the positive correlation. Meanwhile, negative correlation was also observed in the study between body weight and height of rabbit (- 0.09), height at wither and tail length ( -0.11), heart girth and tail length (-0.08) and between heart girth and hearth at withers (-0.24). This implies that increase in one parameter led to decrease in the corresponding one. Therefore, selection for an increase in such a particular trait apparently leads to a decrease in the other corresponding trait.
Functional properties, in vitro protein digestibility and mineral contents of extruded flour developed from maize-cassava leaf composites
Authors:   Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology, Egerton University, Njoro, P. O. Box 536, 20115, Kenya, Terefe Zemenu Kerie ,   School of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, 05 ACA, Ethiopia., Omwamba Mary Nyambeki ,   Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology, Egerton University, Njoro, P. O. Box 536, 20115, Kenya., Nduko John Masani ,   Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology, Egerton University, Njoro, P. O. Box 536, 20115, Kenya.
Published: May 2022

Application of extrusion cooking technology in product development is getting a high priority due to its effectiveness in quality improvement. Response surface methodology has been used extensively to optimize extrusion variables. The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional properties, in vitro protein digestibility and mineral contents of maize-cassava leaf composite extruded instant porridge flour using response surface methodology. Box-Benkhen design was used for formulation and optimization of the process variables. Extrusion variables; extrusion temperature (80oC – 120oC), feed composition (cassava leaf flour proportion) (5% -15%) and feed moisture (14% - 18%) were used as input variables whereas, water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), and minerals were used as responses. Results obtained showed that, WAI and WSI increased significantly (p<0.05) as a result of increase in extrusion temperature and feed composition. WSI showed a significant (p<0.05) positive correlation with IVPD and mineral contents. IVPD was significantly (p<0.05) improved by extrusion temperature and feed composition. Calcium, potassium, magnesium and iron contents were significantly (p<0.001) increased as a result of increase in feed composition. Supplementation of cassava leaf flour during extrusion of maize based products improved its functional properties, IVPD and mineral contents, hence suitable for formulation of nutritious extruded food products.
Culinary competencies and diet patterns of undergraduate students of the University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
Authors:   Department of Food and Nutrition Education, Faculty of Home Economics Education,  University of Education, Winneba, Ghana., Oti Janet Agyarkwaa
Published: May 2022

While substantial literature exists on the culinary competencies and diet patterns of the young adult population around the world, little is known about these variables in the Ghanaian context and much less in the university circles. In view of this dearth in literature, this study investigated the culinary competencies and diet patterns of undergraduate students of the University of Education, Winneba, Ghana, within the context of the Social Cognitive Theory. In line with the positivist paradigm, this study utilized the correlational research design, where through the quantitative approach, 3,065 students were sampled using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. After meeting validity and reliability requirements, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study which was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation and inferential (Pearson Moment Correlation) statistics. The findings of the study revealed that the culinary competencies of undergraduate students of the University of Education, Winneba, was undesirable, even though they exhibited cooking confidence than cooking frequency and cooking attitude. Besides, the findings further disclosed that students exhibited undesired diet patterns where majority often skipped meals, occasionally ate three square meals, occasionally ate fruits and vegetables and rarely observed regularity in mealtimes. Furthermore, it was discovered that generally there was a weak but statistically significant positive relationship between undergraduate students’ culinary competencies and diet patterns. Hence, the study identifies the need by way of recommendations for nutrition education programmes for students to improve their culinary competencies since it has implications on their diet patterns.
2-Deoxy D-Glucose in COVID-19: Current Research Trends
Authors: Robinson Jared , Banerjee Indrajit , Leclézio Alexandra
Published: May 2022

2-Deoxy D- glucose is a novel drug. It is an analogue of glucose which has innate therapeutic uses due to both its antiviral properties as well as its anti-neoplastic action. The SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to the host cell via the (S2) spike glycoprotein. Once viral entry has been gained into the host cell the virus hijacks the host’s intracellular machinery via 2 factors; 3CLproand NSP15. It has been shown through the use of Toxicity estimation software as well as via Molinspiration that 2-Deoxy D- glucose and its aforementioned isomers can effectively bind with 3CLpro and NSP15 and intern thus immobilize the SARS-CoV-2 virus via the incapacitation of its viral receptors. On a molecular level the 2-Deoxy D- glucose derivatives produce a H bond with the glutamine AA residues of the SARS-CoV-2 (S2) spike, as well form a Hydrogen bond with the 2 Deoxy D-glucose and proline residues of the SARS-CoV-2 protease. It is thus evident via both molecular and in silico studies that 2 Deoxy D- glucose and its isomers have the ability to offer further protection and or have imperative diminution capabilities in the treatment of patients with the COVID-19 infection. 2-Deoxy D- glucose has shown promising results in clinical trials and has produced faster recovery in hospitalized patients and abridged additional oxygen dependence in COVID-19 patients in various states across India. The scope and potential for the use of 2-Deoxy D- glucose in the treatment of COVID-19 is evident. It is therefore of great importance that further in vivo studies are conducted with 2-Deoxy D-glucose in order to expedite the process of bringing this potentially lifesaving drug to market.
Mortality and Morbidity Patterns of COVID-19 Patients at a Tertiary Health Care Centre of Nepal
Authors: Bansal Prerna , Koirala Pallavi , Upadhyay Hari Prasad , Maharjan Rashmi , Sah Satish Kumar , Shrestha Ayasha
Published: May 2022

IntroductionCOVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated with substantial morbidity and mortality putting the entire health system under strain. This study aims to assess the sociodemographic and morbidity factors of COVID-19 patients and their association with COVID-19 mortality.
MethodsIt was an analytical cross-sectional hospital based study in a single tertiary level health care centre in Central part of Nepal. Total 425 COVID-19 patients who were treated at the tertiary health care centre from August 1st 2020 to December 31st 2020 were included in the research.
ResultsOut of 425 patients, 230 (54.1%) were male and 195 (45.9%) were female. The mean age group of patients was 50.01±20.03 years, ranging from 7 days to 91 years of age. Total 262 (61.6%) patients had some type of comorbidity. The deaths were more in advancing age, in males and in patients residing in urban areas. Out of total deaths, 41(85.4%) patients had presence of some type of comorbidity. Age, place of residence, co-morbidities, length of hospital stay and place of treatment of patients showed a significant association with COVID-19 mortality with p-value <0.05.
ConclusionsCOVID-19 mortality risk increases with advancing age and comorbidity. The global morbidity and mortality of the disease can only decline with the combined effect of preventive measures and health promotion of high risk groups especially those with morbidities like diabetes, hypertension and respiratory diseases.