bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КРОХМАЛЬНОЇ ПАТОКИ ЯК ОБ′ЄКТУ РОЗ-ПИЛЮВАЛЬНОГО СУШІННЯ В СИСТЕМІ «КРАПЛЯ-ПАРОГАЗОВЕ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ»
Authors: ТУРЧИНА ТЕТЯНА ЯКІВНА
Published: March 2022

. Стаття присвячена дослідженням крохмальної патоки як об’єкту розпилювального сушіння в системі «крапля-парогазове середовище» на експериментальному стенді сушіння одиничних крапель у потоці нагрітого теплоносія.
Рідкий концентрат крохмальної патоки з вмістом сухих речовин 78-83% має високов’язку консистенцію, що викликає ускладнення в багатьох технологічних процесах. Отримання її у формі сухого порошку методом розпилювання дозволить поліпшити умови використання та розширити галузі її застосування.
Наявність цукристих речовин у складі відносно кислих розчинів сприяє прояву властивостей, характерних для аморфних речовин та полімерних матеріалів. За рахунок цього крохмальна патока належить до категорії термопластичних матеріалів – одних з найскладніших об’єктів розпилювального сушіння.
Здатність до висушування колоїдної системи, якою є крохмальна патока, а також адгезійність висушених часток у камері розпилювальної сушарки, закладені в її фізико-хімічних характеристиках та реологічних властивостях. Саме вони визначають кінетику сушіння крапель її розчинів, морфологію та міцність висушених часток під впливом різних температурних режимів.
Дослідження процесу сушіння крапель крохмальної патоки з масовою часткою редукуючих речовин 38-42% проводились з розчинами концентрацією сухих речовин 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60% і температурах теплоносія 140 оС, 160оС, 180оС, 200оС. Встановлено, що при вмісті сухих речовин у розчинах ≥50% і підвищенні температури теплоносія до 200оС відбувається миттєве зростання градієнтів концентрації та тиску на поверхні щільної непроникливої оболонки висушуваної краплі, що характерно для колоїдних систем. Свідченням тому є наведені фотоматеріали різких змін форми, розмірів та структури крапель у стадіях кипіння та досушування.
Більш того, різке зростання дифузійного опору процесам вологопереносу призводить до утримання залишкової вологи всередині кралі. Підтвердженням тому стало зафіксоване в процесі вивчення фізичного стану висушених крапель (часток) даних розчинів (≥50%) кипіння водяної пари у вигляді бульбашок, які виникали з отворів крапель під час їх зондування у потоці теплоносія.
Більшу здатність висушуватись до сухого стану, визначену за кінетичними залежностями відносної тривалості зневоднення крапель до крапки кр.3, встановлено для розчинів з концентрацією <50% при температурі теплоносія 180-190оС. Однак, у потоці теплоносія висушені краплі усіх досліджених концентрацій розчинів патоки перебували у в’язко-пластичному стані і проявляли адгезійність. За результати аналізу фізичного стану висушених крапель крохмальної патоки у потоці теплоносія та поза його межами лише після охолодження частки набували твердості при відсутності адгезійних властивостей
Transformational leadership and the learner-centred teaching approach
Authors: Magaña-Medina Deneb Elí , Aquino-Zúñiga Silvia Patricia , Valdés-Cuervo Angel Alberto , Parra-Pérez Lizeth Guadalupe
Published: March 2022

Adopting learner-centred teaching approaches is important to advance student performance in Mexican rural communities, which have historically been disadvantaged. Yet, little research exists on the factors that might promote the use of this teaching approach. In the study reported on here we examined the associations between principals’ transformational leadership, school climate, teacher commitment to learners, and learner-centred teaching practices. In total, 174 teachers were selected from 26 tele-secondaries in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. A structural equation model was calculated. Results do not provide evidence to support a direct association between transformational leadership and the use of learner-centred teaching. However, an indirect relationship was found between the effects of school climate and teacher commitment. These findings indicate that enhancing school climate and teachers’ commitment through a transformational leadership style are key to foster an environment for learner-centred teaching.
Intersections of class and gender in learners’ conceptualisations of sexuality education at a private, all-girls school
Authors: Kuhl Kylie
Published: March 2022

In this article I explore the role that class, and its intersections with gender, play in shaping the way that learners at a private, all-girls school in South Africa conceptualise their sexuality education. Drawing on data from focus group discussions with 2 friendship groups of Grade 10 learners, the evidence reveals the multiple, intersecting and contradictory ways in which middle-class young women navigate class and gender. Firstly, learners, in drawing on a discourse of middle-class excellence, reproduced class difference in their discussion of attending a private school. Secondly, they drew on this class capital to position themselves as immune to many of the issues dealt with in sexuality education, particularly teenage pregnancy. Finally, a discussion of the gender exclusivity of their school revealed that this class capital was not always available to them, as they prioritised a discourse of heterosexual desirability over middle-class excellence in speaking about their interactions with boys. The findings reveal the complex and changing ways in which young middle-class women discursively reproduce, resist and navigate the intersecting classed and gendered systems of power that shape their particular schooling context.
Experimental models of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Mullova I. S. , Chaulin A. M. , Svechkov A. I. , Pavlova T. V. , Limareva L. V. , Duplyakov D. V.
Published: March 2022

Pulmonary embolism (PE) ranks third in the structure of acute cardiovascular diseases. Every year there is a rapid increase in morbidity and mortality from PE. Laboratory biomarkers for PE diagnosis do not have the necessary specificity, and therefore are ineffective. PE requires timely active treatment, in particular for the prevention of serious complications. In this regard, further research is needed to study and search for novel promising biomarkers for the early detection of PE, pathophysiological mechanisms and targets for therapeutic effects. To a large extent, novel data on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, including PE, scientists receive from experimental studies using animal models. In this review, we summarize the main existing experimental models of PE, describe the principles and methods for modeling this disease. There are following models of PE: intravenous thrombin infusion, adenosine diphosphate-induced PE, PE induction by thromboplastin, recombinant human tissue factor or high molecular weight polyphosphates, collagen/adrenaline-induced PE, ex vivo thrombus intravenous administration, surgical model. This publication also presents our own experience in creating an artificial model of PE in animals using an intravenous thrombus. In our model, confirmation of PE was obtained during pathological examination and an increase in the level of following biomarkers: troponin, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and D-dimer. In this pilot study, a PE model was created to study the pathogenesis and novel treatment options for this disease. To confirm the effectiveness of the model, future studies are required.
Virtual Game Jam: Collaborative Pathway to Serious Games for Health
Authors: Matthews Sarah , Thomas Rick
Published: March 2022

Game jams are collaborative competitions where participants make games from scratch within a short period of time. Occasionally, these games aim to promote meaningful learning outcomes by embedding functional knowledge into entertaining and engaging gameplay.  We wanted to understand if a game jam during a global pandemic could be used as an effective method to facilitate a collaborative, multidisciplinary team’s ability to design, develop, and implement a serious game on a health-related topic (i.e., COVID-19).  We examined the 2020 game jam hosted by the National Academy of Sciences to evaluate one method to organize a serious virtual game jam and provide a roadmap for implementation using qualitative and quantitative data collection methods to evaluate its efficacy. In addition to identifying best practices and lessons learned from our tools and processes, our results demonstrate that a virtual game jam can in fact be a powerful tool for creating a scientifically sound, population-level, big picture–thinking serious game used for health education, facilitate collaborative multidisciplinary teams and be a practical learning experience for game jammers.
Serious Games for Healthy Nutrition. A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Adaji Ifeoma
Published: March 2022

Research indicates that the two main causes of being overweight and obese are living a sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits. Influencing people to be active and exercise is an active research area that has resulted in the development of several games both commercially available and for free. The area of influencing people to develop healthy eating habits, on the other hand, still has room for growth. In the current paper, I review existing serious games for healthy nutrition over the past five years and summarize the main findings based on three main themes: the design and development of the game, the evaluation of the game, and the findings from the evaluation. My results indicate that most games are designed in collaboration with a team of experts such as nutritionists, psychologists, HCI designers, and software developers. In addition, most of the games for kids are web-based while most of those for adults are mobile-based. Most games used a self-report approach to evaluation which was carried out over a range of period of 30 minutes to 90 days with between 10 to 531 participants. There were mixed results from the evaluations with most games partially achieving their aim. I conclude by suggesting guidelines for developing serious games for influencing healthy nutrition.
Redesigning for Accessibility: Design Decisions and Compromises in Educational Game Design
Authors: Cezarotto Matheus , Martinez Pamela , Chamberlin Barbara
Published: March 2022

Accessibility in educational media focuses on removing barriers based on learners’ varied needs. In educational games, players’ diverse needs can impact a wide variety of design strategies. This study focuses on the process used by one design team to prioritize accessibility in the redesign of their older educational games, while creating a process to inform development of new games. The study provides a framework for thinking about games and accessibility vis-a-vis educational games, and documents an action research study with the development team of the Math Snacks project. Using a participatory and qualitative approach, researchers provide a description of the team redesign process to address accessibility: how the team reviewed accessibility gaps in their games; made specific design choices in redesigning for accessibility; and determined which actions could make the games more accessible. The work yielded a process other design teams can implement in their review of existing games.
Tagmentation and library generation for human placental bulk ATACseq v1
Authors: Lindsay-Hewett Scott
Published: March 2022

This protocol describes the generation and amplification/indexing of tagmented libraries from freshly isolated nuclei for bulk ATACseq. It is adapted from Buenrostro et al., 2015, PMID: 25559105.
[RETRACTED] Green Dolphin CBD Gummies Scam Or Legit? v1
Authors: not provided greendolphinlegit
Published: March 2022

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[RETRACTED] Uly CBD Gummies Reviews : (Fake Or Trusted) Is It the Right Product For You? v1
Authors: not provided officialulycbd
Published: March 2022

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Nissl (Cresyl Violet) staining v1
Authors: not provided Christiana.bjorkli , Hovde Karoline , Monterotti Bruno
Published: March 2022

Nissl (Cresyl Violet) staining protocol
Workflow for human placental bulk ATACseq v1
Authors: Lindsay-Hewett Scott , Stanley Valentina , Parast Mana , Laurent Louise
Published: March 2022

Described here is the workflow used by the Female Reproductive Tissue Mapping Center at UCSD to generate bulk ATACseq data from human placenta.
[RETRACTED] Uly CBD Gummies Review 100% Pure CBD Benefits, Side-Effects Does it Work |Update 2022|! v1
Authors: not provided ulycbdoff
Published: March 2022

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[RETRACTED] Little Blue CBD Gummies Shark Tank - Quit Drinking & Smoking v1
Authors: not provided littlebluesharktankking
Published: March 2022

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Little Blue CBD Gummies Shark Tank - Quit Drinking & Smoking
New in Pathogenesis of Pertes Disease
Authors: Nechvolodova O. L. , Meerson E. M. , Mikhailova L. K. , Nikitina G. I. , Il’ina V. K. , Bruskina V. Ya. , Mitin S. I.
Published: March 2022

The thesises detected do not allow to keep the pathogenesis of PD within the framework of the theory of primary vessels occlusion. In children with PD marked anomalies including the retardation of bone growth, increased rate of signs of general dysplasia of the connective tissue (detected also in near ralations - parents and siblings), changes of nondamaged contralateral head of the femur and spine, disturbance of glycosaminoglycane metabolism, asymmetric retardation of growth of different segments of the limbs. The authors believe that PD is the damage of femur associated with its overloading or another provocing factors that occur on the background of genetically substantiated defect with the damage of bone development. Further infarcts of the head of the femur develop repeatedly and independantly and thus the cupping of PD could be delayed. By the authors opinion PD could not be considerad as femur pathology in a normal child any more but rather as a local manifestation of the general skeleton dysplasia.
Arthroscopically Monitored Dynamic Osteosynthesis in Closed Patella Fractures
Authors: Kuzmenko V. V. , Girshin S. G. , Lazishvili G. D. , Dubrov V. E. , Grishin S. M.
Published: March 2022

The study is based on the experience of treatment of 52 patients with closed transverse and oblique-transverse fractures of the patella. The problems of diagnosis and treatment of patella fractures with moderate (not more than 5 mm) displacement of fragments are considered. After X-ray exclusion of the severe injury of soft-tissue component of extensive complex of the knee joint the arthroscopy, joint washing from blood, reposition of fragments by instruments, percutaneous dipped osteosynthesis using pins and tightened wired loop quided subfascially are performed. That method was applied in 14 patients. Long term results are studied in 12 patients: complete early restoration of knee function is observed in all cases.
Patho- morphologic Peculiarities of the Stages of Osteitis Deformans Develkopment (Paget’s Disease)
Authors: Berchenko G. N. , Burdygin V. N. , Kolondaev A. F.
Published: March 2022

Pathomorphologic examinations of the biopsy and operative specimens were performed in 39 patients with osteitis deformans who underwent surgery at the department of Bone Pathology in Adults (CITO) during the period fron 1958 to 1995. On the basis of the personal and literature data the authors underlined three stages of the osteitis deformans development that differed by the pathologic peculiarities and activity of the pathologic process: 1st stage - stage of osteolysis characterizing by marked bone resorption; 2nd stage - stage of remodelling characterizing by the combination of disturbance process and formation of new bone; 3rd stage - stage of the attenuation of pathologic process during which the resorption and new bone formation stopped. Application of drugs that inhibit bone tissue resorption is the most expedient in the 2nd and especially in the 1st stage of the disease.
Medical and Demographic Features of Traumatism Related to Traffic Accidents
Authors: Zhuravlev S. M. , Theodoridis K. A. , Novikov P. E.
Published: March 2022

In Russian Federation traumatism due tto traffic accidents as well as its influence upon demographic indices are considered. The work is based on the SAI information about traffic accidents and data on 4486 victims with fatal traffic accidents in Moscow and Moscow region from 1991 to 1993. The study shows that traffic mortality in Russia is significantly higher than in USA and this index constantly increases. Injury features and mortality in different age-groups of road users (drivers, passangers, pedestrians, motorcyclists) are presented. Recommendations concerning improvement of primary medical care organization are determined.
S.D. Ternovsky, a major pediatric orthopedic traumatologist (100th anniversary of his birth)
Authors: Volkov M. V.
Published: March 2022

Professor Sergey Dmitrievich Ternovsky is considered to be one of the founders of Russian pediatric surgery. At the same time this versatile surgeon, who created his own clinical school, was a recognized traumatologist. In the last years of his life he was the Chairman of Moscow Scientific Society of Orthopedic Traumatologists. His close friends were N.N. Priorov, V.N. Blokhin, F.R. Bogdanov, N.P. Novachenko, V.D. Chaklin, M.O. Friedland, B.P. Popov, T.S. Zatsepin.
Surgical Correction of Spine Deformities in Systemic Diseases
Authors: Pozdnikin Yu. I.
Published: March 2022

Since 1987 thirty two patients with neurofibromatosis Recklinhausens disease, 24 patients with Marfans syndrome, 11 patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and 14 patients with rare forms of hereditary systemic diseases were operated on for kyphotic-scoliotic deformities. Treatment difficulties were stipulated by the severity deformity, local or general osteoporosis, concomitant pathology of the inner organs and another skeleton segments, as well as high rate of neurologic disorders. High level of correction and firm stability are provided by surgical treatment that includes diskectomy, corporodesis, craniotibial traction, correction and fixation by Harrington-Luque, posterior spondylodesis.
Dynamics of Thermographic Indices in Rheumatoid Damage of Knee Joint Before and After Mobilizing Operations
Authors: Trotsenko V. V.
Published: March 2022

Thermographic indices were studied in 35 patients, aged 23-56, with 3-4 stage rheumatoid damage of the knee joint before and after mobilizing operations. It was detected that local inflammatory process achieved its maximum and involved total joint structure in the stage of expanded development of flexor contracture. In ankylosis of the joint thermoradiation decreased abruptly and while the minimum weight-bearing function (fibrous ankylosis) was preserved thermographic indices were higher than in complete bone ankylosis. After surgical intervention thermoradiation increases abruptly that was stipulated by operative injury. During the next 2 years thermoradiation decreases but due to irreversible pathologic changes in the joint complete restoration never occured. In late terms after mobilizing operations (5-9 years) the repeated increase of thermoradiation was observed and it was connected with the additional degenerative dystrophic process that was as a rule accompanied by secondary arthrosis. As after joint mobilization restoration of thermoradiation indices continued during 2 years, rehabilitation measures were recommended for that period.
Complex Conservative Differetial Treatment of Uncomplicated Spine Fractures
Authors: Kaptelin A. F. , Cherkes-Zade D. I. , Merkulov V. N.
Published: March 2022

Much scientific research has been devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated forms of spinal compression fractures in adults and children, but the problem remains relevant.The goal of treatment is to restore the shape of the injured vertebra and the functional qualities of the spine. The process of resorption, compaction, and remodeling of the spongy substance after trauma takes a long time, up to 3 months or more. It should also be kept in mind that, in addition to the spongy part of the vertebra, other structures are also subjected to traumatization. It should also be taken into account that as a result of fixation of a certain area of the spine during a compression fracture with the emergence of a wedge-shaped deformity (a block of several vertebrae), biomechanical conditions change, the compensatory load on other parts of the spine increases, and the possibility of extension of the spine, which is a unified kinematic system, decreases.
Hemimelie Epiphyseal Displasya - Rare Systemic Disease of Skeleton
Authors: Kotov V. L. , Batrakov S. Yu.
Published: March 2022

The experience of treatment of 22 patients, aged 1-16, with HED is presented. Analysis of clinical manifestations and radiographic data was performed. The peculiarity of surgical tactics depending on the localisation and severity of the lesion are showed. Authors consider that in spite of recurrences the early economic resections to reconstruct the shape of the epiphysis are preferable with the purpose of prevention of deforming arthrosis and secondary deformities of extremity.
Diagnosis of Asymptomatic Pelvic Ring Injuries
Authors: Cherkes-Zade D. I. , Nechvolodova O. L. , Lazarev A. F. , Morozov A. K. , Urazgildeev R. Z.
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study was to increase the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and detection of asymptomatic pelvic ring injuries. The method of multiprojection radiologic examination of pelvis was elaborated to avoid the necessity of traumatic rotation of the trunk in severe condition of victims. The necessity to perform multiprojection radiography at admission independently of the patients condition severity and subsequent CT after stabilization was shown. That tactics gave the possibility not only to make more precise injury pattern and to exclude the diagnosis mistakes but also to determine the treatment tactics immediately after patients admission.
Functional Evaluation of Skin Microcirculation at Endoexpander Use in Children
Authors: Merkulov V. N. , Krupatkin A. I. , Avdeev A. E.
Published: March 2022

Results of laser doppler fluorometry and computer thermometry of skin at endoexpander use were analyzed in 30 children with injury sequelae, i.e. cicatrical deformities of soft tissues. It was shown that during expansion the skin vascularization increased and capillary component of hemodynamics activated. The utmost increase of microcirculation was noted during the first 2-3 weeks, especially in the projection of the endoexpander dome. The safe threshold of liquid volume injected into standard expander with capacity of 600 ml was 16.53.4 ml (single dose). In endoexpander the most acceptable control method for skin blood circulation was laser doppler fluorometry. In children skin expander did not aggravate microcirculation of cicatrical tissue and the bed of skin flap to be used that was favorable for flap survival.
Changes in Hip Chondrolysis. (Biopsy Study)
Authors: Gayko G. V. , Grigorovskiy V. V. , Goshko V. Yu. , Filipchuk V. V.
Published: March 2022

Chondrolysis of hip joint as the complication of various diseases and injuries characterized by heterogeneous morphologic picture of the disorders including dystrophic, resorptive and lytic changes of the cartilage as well as inflammatory-sclerotic changes in subchondral bone lamina and joint capsule. Mechanism of destruction of the articular cartilage includes chondroresorption of superficial layers of the articular cartilage by hypercellular fibrous tissue (pannus), loosening, separation of fibers and lysis of cartilagenous matrix, sometimes with necrosis of superficial cartilagenous zone and subchondral bone lamina accompanied by chronic nonspecific inflammation. Activity of chondroosteoresorption resulting in articular cartilage destruction is higher during early term of chondrolysis (up to 1 year since the onset of the disease) and the longer the pathological process lasts, the higher is the degree of the cartilagenous matrix dystrophy.
Neutron-Activative Analysis of Bone Tissue in Children with Rickets-Like Diseases
Authors: Zaichik V. E. , Berezhniy A. P. , Snetkov A. I.
Published: March 2022

In 20 children with genetic caused vit.D metabolism disturbance and 13 conditionally healthy children (control group) 29 chemical elements (main elements Ca, Cl, K, Mg, P and microelements Al, Ag, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hg, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Tc, Zn) were evaluated in bioptates of the upper flaring portion of the ilium using neutro-activative analysis. In test group the study was performed twice: before treatment and 1 year after the treatment course. Madication consisted of high doses of vit.D and its active metabolites, drugs containing Ca, P as well as vit.A, vit.E and group of vit.B. Bone tissue of patients had marked deficit of main elements, especially Mg, and the content of most of microelements including Zn, Sr, Mn was higher than in control group. In 1 year after the beginning of treatment the mineral bone content in the test group increased almost to norm. However the remaining Mg deficit and high content of some microelements allow to assume certain inferiority of bone tissue and indicate the necessity of further treatment.
Introduction in the Russian Federation of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision
Authors: Zhuravlev S. M.
Published: March 2022

The published article is the last one that Professor S.M. Zhuravlev worked on. This version was not final; the author planned to refine it and clarify some wording. However, fate had other plans.
Possibilities to optimize total replacement of fingers in patients with severe posttraumatic hand deformities
Authors: Korotkova N. L.
Published: March 2022

On the experience of total replacement of fingers in 49 patients with posttraumatic hand deformities the main strategies for the improvement of outcome are detected: 1) successive restoration of damaged structures, including skin restoration, re-establishment of normal anatomical correlation of bone structures and total joint replacement; 2) perfection of the implant design; 3) application of precious technique. Use of such approach enabled to restore the motion volume in injured joints within the limits of 30-40 degrees as well as to widen the quota of patients for reconstructive surgical treatment at the account of patients with more severe pathology.
S.P. Mironov, M.B. Tsykunov. Fundamentals of rehabilitation of athletes and ballet dancers with injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system (M., 1998)
Authors: Polyaev B. A.
Published: March 2022

The publication of the book under review should be considered very timely: until now only translated editions were published on this problem, as a rule, intended for coaches and physicians of sports teams. At the same time, the pathology of musculoskeletal system of sportsmen and ballet dancers is studied by orthopedists-traumatologists, who, even if they are familiar with the specifics of surgical treatment of this contingent of patients, most of them have no clear idea of how rehabilitation process should proceed, what rehabilitation actions can be, what are general indications and contraindications for application of any means of rehabilitation.
Rare Case of Successful Treatment of Penetrating Cranial Gunshot Wound
Authors: Matveenko A. E. , Mamchin S. L. , Kutovoy V. D.
Published: March 2022

In the last decade, there has been an increase in the number of brain injuries, with a significant increase in the number of severe skull and brain injuries. A large proportion of victims with these injuries are still treated in general surgery and trauma hospitals, where it is very difficult to provide the necessary volume and quality of specialised neurotrauma care.
Third International Congress on Skeletal Dysplasias 71	(Literature Review)
Authors: Mikhailova L. K.
Published: March 2022

In August 1997, the 3rd International Congress on Skeletal Dysplasia was held in Los Angeles, USA. Scientists from Argentina, Belgium, Great Britain, Venezuela, Finland, France, Germany, Egypt, Italy, Israel, Japan, Korea, Macedonia, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, the USA, took part in its work. Recall that the 1st Congress on Skeletal Dysplasias, organized by Prof. A. Poznanski, was held in Chicago in 1993, and the 2nd Congress, organized by Prof. P. Maroteaux, in Versailles in 1995.
Surgical tactics in concomitant injury of the skull and lower extremities
Authors: Suvalyan A. G. , Golikov P. P. , Davydov B. V. , Rahimi K. I.
Published: March 2022

The treatment results of 31 patients with severe craniocerebral injury in combination with the extremity fractures (mainly femur and shin) are analysed. In 13 patients the osteosynthesis of long bones was performed within 3 days after injury and in 8 patients the fractures of the extremities were treated conservatively. Early 1-3 days osteosynthesis is shown to be performed on a more favorable metabolic level and contributes to the normalization of the disturbed correlation of the lipid peroxide oxidation and antioxidation system. Early stable osteosynthesis of the extremity fractures enables to improve the efficacy of the craniocerebral injury treatment and to prevent hypostatic complications, to shorten the terms of hospitalization (by 36% in comparison with later osteosynthesis) as well as the rehabilitation period. When no contraindications exit the osteosynthesis in this group of patients should be performed within 1 to 3 days after injury.
Diagnosis and treatment of fractures of the nail phalanges of the fingers in children
Authors: Shastin N. P. , Nemsadze V. P. , Kulikova N. V.
Published: March 2022

Children with damage to the nail phalanges of the fingers, according to our data, make up about 1.2% of the total number of those who first applied for an injury. Fractures of the distal phalanx of the fingers, especially with inadequate treatment, sometimes lead to post-traumatic deformities, contractures in the interphalangeal joint, and the formation of rough scars in the area of the fingertip. This is not only unfavorable in cosmetic terms, but is also fraught with a significant decrease in the function of the hand, primarily touch and fine grip.
Infectious complications in polytrauma
Authors: Sokolov V. A.
Published: March 2022

Diagnosis and treatment of polytrauma is one of the leading problems of modern medicine. In the structure of the causes of death of the population, injuries occupy the third place, and among the population under the age of 40 - the first place. Despite the fact that victims with polytrauma make up only 8-10% of all victims subject to inpatient treatment, they account for up to 70% of deaths from injuries.
The Implications of Artificial Intelligence for the Future of the Workforce Markets
Authors: Pasupuleti Mahesh Babu , Siddique Md. Nur-E-Alam
Published: March 2022

Contrary to output and employment statistics, mechanization and artificial intelligence has always been viewed as threats to job security. Modern industrial robotization with worker replacement raises unemployment, yet there is evidence of its reduction. This book shows how, despite inevitable robotization and job loss, new trades and professions will emerge, just as in the previous three revolutions, in all sectors of goods, services, and the military. However, current publications confront them with the technological trend of the twentieth century, company activity, and its effect on the future labor market. Statistically, highly qualified organizations and employees adapt quickly. Negative implications include loss of low-skilled worker competitiveness, loss of union bargaining power, increased gender pay gap, and wider gap between high-tech industrialized and undeveloped countries. It is concluded that immediate improvements are required in educational programs, labor reforms, and financial reforms. Less developed countries will continue to fall behind unless they reform their economic policies innovatively and pragmatically.
Anesthetic Neurotoxicity in Children
Authors: Salik Irim
Published: March 2022

The clinical pediatric anesthesiology community has been greatly affected by a growing body of research suggesting that sedative drugs and anesthetic agents may have long lasting detrimental neurocognitive effects in children. Various animal models have indicated apoptotic brain cell death and neurocognitive impairment following anesthetic exposure in early life. Although these studies cannot be directly extrapolated to anesthesia in children, parents and governmental regulatory agencies have been paying attention nonetheless. Adding to the evidence are a number of human epidemiologic studies that have documented neurologic deficits and cognitive decline following early anesthetic exposure. 1-4 Clinical studies in children exposed to general anesthesia have assessed outcome measures including academic performance or school readiness, validated neuropsychologic testing, and educational interventions for neurodevelopmental or behavioral problems.
Bunium incrassatum Bois. Batt. Trab. (Talghouda) in the improvement of thyroid tissue damages in female rats
Authors: Aiouaz Meriem , Bitam Arezki
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the nutritional and therapeutic effects of dried Bunium incrassatum Bois.Batt.Trab. Tubers powder on rats with hyper and hypothyroidism. Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. G1 (C) received a normal diet. G2 (CT) received a normal diet with dried Talghouda tubers powder dissolved in water. G3 (Hpo) was treated with Carbimazole® (5 mg/day) for 6 weeks. G4 (HpoT) was treated with Carbimazole® (5 mg/day) for 6 weeks and Talghouda for 7 weeks after induced hypothyroidism. G5 (Hpy) was treated with Levothyroxine® (600µg/Kg body weight/day) for 6 weeks. G6 (HpyT) had hyperthyroidism induced by Levothyroxine® (600µg/Kg body weight/day) for 6 weeks and then treated with Talghouda for 7 weeks. A dose of Talghouda was chosen at 1.03g/Kg body weight/day, and all treatments were given by gavage. Phytochemical analysis was carried out for Talghouda, and the thyroid glands of each group were then recovered for histological study. Talghouda treatment showed a highly significant (p 0.01) increase in body weight in groups G2, G4 and G6 with gland repair and reactivation of thyroid follicles in hyper and hypothyroid rats compared to G1, G3 and G5.  The powder of dried Talghouda tubers, used as traditional medicine in Algeria, improved the damages caused by hyper and hypothyroidism.
Effect of Kinema Flour on Qualitative Properties of Biscuit
Authors: Ray Subhajit
Published: March 2022

Kinema was prepared by using the pure culture of Bacillus subtilis by the laboratory and traditional method. Now both these two kinema were dried in a batch type of tray drier at (65-70)0C for (8-10) hours and prepared to a fine powder. The chemical analysis of kinema powder prepared by pure culture and traditional method was found as 6.79%, 21.45%, 42.91%, 4.84%, 24.01% and 7.218%, 20.624%, 41.99% and4.17%, 25.998% in terms of moisture content, fat, protein, total ash, and total carbohydrate respectively. Biscuit fortified at a level of 10% kinema flour powder of particle size 200 μm prepared by both methods showed increased thickness and increased volume. Protein, fat, total ash, moisture content, total carbohydrate, acid insoluble ash and acidity of extracted fat for kinema biscuits prepared by these two methods were found as 17.438%, 12.958%,1.377%, 4.94%, 63.287%, 0.234%, 0.501% and 17.157%, 12.458%, 1.045%, 5.00%, 64.344%, 0.248%, 0.422% respectively. Finally, kinema biscuits prepared by both these two methods showed better sensorial quality in comparison with a standard biscuit.
Editorial – Thiolated Chitosan-carboxymethyl Dextran Nanoparticles: Improving Intravitreal Drug Bioavailability for Retinoblastoma
Authors: Dalvin Lauren A
Published: March 2022

This is an Editorial. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Conjunctival Autograft versus Combined Amniotic Membrane and Mini-Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplant for Primary Pterygium Excision
Authors: Jha Ashok , Simba Abhay
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To compare outcomes of conjunctival autograft (CAG) and combined amniotic membrane with mini-simple limbal epithelial transplant (mini-SLET) after primary pterygium excision.
Methods: All consenting adults with primary pterygium were included in this study. After pterygium excision, patients were randomized to receive either CAG or mini-SLET and both grafts were held in place with fibrin glue. The patients were followed-up at days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 and subsequently at the third, sixth, and ninth months. The recurrence rate was considered as the primary outcome measure whereas the operating time, postoperative symptoms, and surgical complications were considered the secondary outcome measures.
Results: The study comprised of 264 eyes of 264 patients, of which 233 (88%) completed the nine months of follow-up. Of these, 118 (51%) received CAG and 115 (49%) received mini-SLET. The groups were comparable at baseline. Recurrence of pterygium was seen in two (1.6%) eyes in the CAG group and three (2.6%) eyes in the mini-SLET group (P = 0.68). Operative time for mini-SLET (20.33 ± 1.28 min) was significantly higher than that for CAG (12.01 ± 1.26 min) (P < 0.001). Graft displacement was observed in one case in group II (P = 0.999). The Lim Bon Siong (foreign body sensation, lacrimation, pain, and irritation) score in the CAG group was statistically significant for all four symptoms at days 1 and 3; however, on day 7, foreign body sensation, pain, and irritation scores were significantly higher for the CAG group.
Conclusion: In this study, the overall recurrence rate was very low and comparable between mini-SLET and the established technique of CAG after performing the primary pterygium excision. Despite a longer surgical time, mini- SLET appears to be a viable option for the management of primary pterygium.
Inferior Spear-like Lens Opacity as a Sign of Keratoconus
Authors: Salouti Ramin , Khosravi Amir , Fardaei Majid , Zamani Mohammad , Nejabat Mahmoud , Ghoreyshi Maryam , Yazdanpanah Mahboobeh , Salouti Kia , Nowroozzadeh M. Hossein
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To report 21 cases of typical inferior feather-shape lens opacity associated with keratoconus.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the association of keratoconus with inferior feather-shape lens opacity in refractive surgery candidates. Visual acuity, demographic, refractive, and topographic characteristics of 26 eyes of 21 patients with inferior feather-shape lens opacity were evaluated in detail. Pedigree analysis was also performed to assess possible inheritance.
Results: Overall, 2122 out of 33,368 cases (6.4%) without lens opacity had keratoconus, while 20 out of 21 patients (95.2%) with peculiar lens opacity had definite keratoconus (P < 0.001). Lens opacity was bilateral in 5 cases (24%), and keratoconus was bilateral in all 20 patients with lens opacity. Nine eyes out of thirty-six with a complete data record (25%) had severe keratoconus and underwent deep lamellar keratoplasty, while 11 (31%) had forme fruste keratoconus. Pedigrees were drawn for eight patients, most families of whom suggested an X-linked recessive inheritance.
Conclusion: The present study was the first to investigate patients with a peculiar inferior feather-shape lens opacity accompanied by bilateral keratoconus, which was observed in 95% of the patients. This finding should raise awareness as to the possibility of diagnosing keratoconus in the eyes of the patients with these characteristics.
Vision-related Quality of Life after Bilateral Implantation of Monofocal and Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Bamdad Shahram , Razavizadegan Seyyed Ahmad , Farvardin Mohsen , Mohaghegh Sahar
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To evaluate vision-related quality of life in two sets of patients after routine cataract surgery implanting with traditional versus multifocal intraocular lens (IOLs).
Methods: In a cross-sectional prospective study, 58 and 33 candidates for cataract surgery were divided into traditional (Acrysof SN60WF, Alcon Laboratories, Inc) and multifocal IOL (AcrySof IQ PanOptix IOL TFNT00, Alcon Laboratories, Inc.) groups, respectively. The primary outcome was VFQ-25 scores. The secondary outcomes were making comparisons between the two IOL types in the near vision and the driving items.
Results: The mean patients’ age in traditional and multifocal IOL groups was 60.85 ± 7.40 (55% female) and 59.85 ± 8.95 (36% female) years, respectively. The mean VFQ-25 total scores in traditional and multifocal IOL groups before and after surgery were 63.69 ± 4.95 and 72.15 ± 9.66, and 98.08 ± 0.70 and 95.70 ± 1.30, respectively (P = 0.001 & 0.001). The mean scores of night driving in traditional and multifocal IOL groups were 38.79 ± 20.50 and 44.35 ± 21.12 (P = 0.1) before surgery which improved to 97.41 ± 7.68 and 56.45 ± 11.12 after surgery, respectively (P = 0.001). The mean scores of near vision in traditional and multifocal IOL groups were 46.83 ± 10.56 and 50.53 ± 8.58 (P = 0.2) before surgery which improved to 89.94 ± 4.87 and 100.00 ± 0.00 after surgery, respectively (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: Vision-related quality of life after cataract surgery with either type of traditional or multifocal (PanOptix) IOLs improved to an excellent level. Traditional IOLs provided more satisfaction in nighttime driving while multifocal IOLs provided increased satisfaction in near and intermediate vision.
Peak Intraocular Pressure Time during Water Drinking Test and Its Relationship with Glaucoma Severity
Authors: Nicolela Susanna Carolina , Nicolela Susanna Bianca , Nicolela Susanna Fernanda , Susanna Jr Remo
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To investigate the association between the time of occurrence of intraocular pressure (IOP) peaks during the water-drinking test (WDT) and visual field damage in a cohort of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.
Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, 98 eyes from 49 consecutive POAG patients were followed in a referral clinical practice. The relationship between the time when IOP peaks occurred during the WDT and the visual field mean deviation (MD) assessed with 24-2 visual field was tested with mixed-effects models.
Results: MD value was significantly associated with the time of IOP peak occurrence (P = 0.020) when adjusting for the number of medications, but not with the IOP peak values (P = 0.238).
Conclusion: The time of IOP peaks occurrence during the WDT was associated with glaucoma severity among treated POAG patients.
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: A Devastating Disease Coming Back with Vengeance or Finding Its Nemesis?
Authors: Tsatsos Michael , Athanasiadis Ioannis , Myrou Athina , Saleh George M , Ziakas Nikolaos
Published: March 2022

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is a frequent, painful, and debilitating condition caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus alongside the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. Twenty-five percent of adults will develop the disease during their lifetime with the risk increasing to one in two over the age of 50. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus presents with a plethora of ocular manifestations ranging from the characteristic rash in the distribution of the ophthalmic branch of the fifth cranial nerve to more severe keratouveitis, disciform keratitis, and even retinal necrosis. Up to 20% of affected patients develop post-herpetic neuralgia which can persist for years after the acute episode, resulting in potentially devastating consequences for the patient’s social, financial, and professional circumstances, as well as their quality of life and daily activities. Shingles prevention studies indicated that the herpes zoster vaccine markedly reduces the burden of the disease, as well as the incidence of both infection and post-herpetic neuralgia. Here we review the vaccinations available for herpes zoster, the reasons behind their limited adoption so far, as well as the future perspectives and challenges associated with this debilitating disease in the era of herpes zoster vaccination and coronavirus disease pandemic.
Peripapillary Capillary Network in Methanol Induced Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Hassanpour Kiana , Mohammadi Negin , Sabbaghi Hamideh , Amirabadi Alireza , Pakravan Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To present the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings of the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network in an individual with severe bilateral methanol-induced toxic optic neuropathy (MTON) in comparison to a normal subject and a patient with retinitis pigmentosa.
Case Report: A 35-year-old man with severe bilateral MTON was referred to the neuro-ophthalmology clinic at the Labbafinejad Medical Center. The Angio Vue OCT 3D set of 4.5 × 4.5 mm was used to measure the disc and peripapillary vessel density. Two subjects were examined with the same protocol as controls to determine the effect on the RPC vessel density in multiple scenarios. One of the controls was a healthy individual with the prerequisite matches of age and sex while the second one was a known retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patient. RPC density was measured as 37.7 in the patient with MTON, 46.9 in the RP patient, and 54.7 in the healthy control.
Conclusion: The reduction in the RPC vessel density in a patient with MTON compared to that of a healthy individual and also a patient with RP may be due to the loss of capillaries secondary to the loss of nerve fibers and ganglion cells. Moreover, MTON can be considered an optic neuropathy with direct mitochondrial damage to the endothelial cells of the capillaries.
Toxic Intraocular Syndrome
Authors: Amigó Alfredo , Martinez-Sorribes Paula
Published: March 2022

This article is a Letter to the Editor. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
“United States shall so legislate and act as to secure the permanent prosperity and happiness of said Indians”: Policy Implications of the Apache Nation’s 1852 Treaty
Authors: Welch John
Published: March 2022

As binding contracts among sovereigns, treaties between Indigenous and Western Nations set parameters for and guide policies that recognize Indigenous Peoples’ rights and that harmonize those rights with non-Indigenous interests. Because treaties engage specific terms, parties, and geographies, detailed analyses of treaty texts and historical contexts are required foundations for understanding Treaty Rights and for proposing policy reforms. The litigious “Save Oak Flat” battle over the Resolution Copper mine proposed for Apache Nation Treaty Territory in present day Arizona prompts close scrutiny of the 1852 Treaty between the United States and the Apache Nation. Because the 1852 Treaty guarantees rights to both parties, it provides mandates and suggests co-management mechanisms to safeguard Apache Nation Treaty Territory and Apache rights to religious practice free from threats of sacred site destruction.
Microwave-assisted extraction of Prunus cerasus L. peels: Citric acid-based deep eutectic solvents
Authors: KURTULBAŞ ŞAHİN Ebru
Published: March 2022

In the present study, waste by-products of one of the popular fruit juices in the World has been valorized for its high-added value ingredients. Peels of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) have been extracted by means of deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). DES system contained citric acid as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and ethylene glycol as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) (1/4, molar ratio). In order to optimize the MAE system Central Composite design (CCD) of Response Surface Method (RSM) has been used. The measured variables were the yields of total phenolic (TPC), total anthocyanins (TA) and cyanidin-3-glucoside. Optimum conditions were determined as 0.1 g of peel and 50 % (v/v) water contribution to the DES for the maximum reovery of TPC (16.85 mg-GAE/g-FP), TA (3.39 mg-cyn-3-glu/g-FP) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (mg/g-FP) in the MAE of sour cherry peels. The relationship between the responses was also established.