bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decolorization of Reactive Dyes by Bacteria Isolated from Textile Dye-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Bhuiyan A R , Al Masud H M Abdullah , Hossain Md Towhid
Published: December 2024

Textile dye-contaminated soil samples were collected for the isolation of heterotrophic bacterial population. The isolates were screened primarily for dye decolorization using Luria Bertani broth containing 100 mgL-1 of selected reactive dyes namely Blue FNR (BF), Novacron Navy (NN), or Novacron Deep Cherry (NDC). Secondary screening of dye-decolorizing bacterial isolates was carried out in Bushnell Haas medium. The decolorization efficiency of the isolates was estimated spectrophotometrically. The selected isolates were identified by the analysis of their cultural, biochemical, and molecular characteristics. Among 38 bacterial isolates from the dye-contaminated soil, two bacterial genera Klebsiella pneumoniae strain OS-3 and Bacillus tropicus strain OS-8 were found to have strong ability in selected dye-decolorization. The optimum pH and temperature for dye decolorization in static conditions by both isolates were found to be 6-8 and 37°C within 72 hours, respectively. Efficient dye decolorization was observed under static condition in compared to shaking culture. Both isolates were able to induce decolorization in the presence of co-substrate. Starch, sucrose and glucose as a carbon source and yeast extract as an organic nitrogen source induced the efficiency of Blue FNR, Novacron Navy and NDC dyes decolorization, respectively by both isolates. On the other hand, it was observed that the percentage of dye degradation decreased in the presence of inorganic nitrogen source in the medium. Both isolates retained efficiency to decolorize selected reactive dyes by 70-80% at 5% salinity. The strong decolorizing ability in natural conditions indicates that both bacteria could be used in dye-polluted wastewater treatment.
Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci. Vol. 12 (1 & 2): 91-102, 2024
Evaluation of Bacterial Population in Drinking Water Along with Hygiene and Sanitation Facilities of Different Schools in Port City, Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md Zobaidul , Dey Shampa Priya
Published: December 2024

In our daily life, drinking water is one of the most essential elements. However, safe and good-quality drinking water is a major concern for human health. Therefore, our study assessed the sanitation, hygiene conditions, and evaluation of bacterial population of drinking water in 40 schools in the port city, of Bangladesh. Total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), and survey questionnaire were used to complete our study. About 65% of water samples exceeded the acceptable limit (>500 cfu/ml) detected by TVC. The most probable number (MPN) method was used to see the presence of coliform bacteria where about 65% of samples were found contaminated with coliform, among them 12.5% of samples were at very high risk according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. A total of 10 bacterial isolates like Enterobacter sp., E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Salmonella sp., Proteus sp., Serratia sp., Citrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., and Micrococcus sp. were detected in water samples by using four selective media and then identified by using cultural, morphological and biochemical tests. The disc diffusion method was used to detect antibiotic sensitivity with 10 commercially available antibiotics. About 80% of isolates were found completely resistant to erythromycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and rifampin and 90% were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, azithromycin, and tetracycline. Antibiotic resistance isolates might pose a serious threat to human health. In most schools, reservoirs of drinking water were found contaminated by various bacteria. Only 48.3% of schools used separate toilets for girls but of poor-quality hygiene and sanitation facilities. Due to poor hygiene, sanitation, and contaminated drinking water, students may suffer from various diseases. Therefore, this study emphasizes the need to raise awareness about hygiene and sanitation facilities by regularly monitoring school drinking water quality to ensure children are out of waterborne diseases.
Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci. Vol. 12 (1 & 2): 130-142, 2024
Obesity: A Growing Crisis of Health Care
Authors: Ahmed Saleh
Published: December 2024

Abstract not available 
J Com Med Col Teachers Asso July 2024; 28(2):47
Prescription Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Attending - A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Parvin Shahina , Akter Nargis , Rizvi HM Mustafizur Rahman , Afroz Rozina , Biswas Ripa , Sultana Masuma , Nasrin Shamima , Hossain Abul , Sultana Papiya
Published: December 2024

Background: Chronic kidney disease exists both as a common cause of hypertension and complication of uncontrolled hypertension. This complex interplay of hypertension and CKD further increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. Blood pressure control is pertinent in all stages of chronic kidney disease.
Method: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Nephrology Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2022 to December 2022.  Total 264 hypertensive CKD patients were included in this study according to selection criteria. Collected data were processed and analyzed by using SPSS 26.0. p value of < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Result: Among 264 CKD patients 58% male, 42% female and mean age was 49.43±13.87years. Only 67% patient achieved control of BP with antihypertensive. 53.8% patient were in stage-5 and 18.2% in stage-4 CKD. 85.6% patient received combination therapy. Among them 58.3% patients received two drug combination therapy. CCBs was prescribed in 169 patients. Amlodipine was 41.42% the preferred CCB and the combination of ARBs+CCBs was (28.7%) the frequently prescribed. Control of blood pressure was achieved in CKD patients taking monotherapy (p = 0.039) and on three drug combination therapy (p = 0.006).
Conclusion: Calcium channel blocker is the treatment of choice in CKD patients with hypertension and commonly prescribed CCB is amlodipine. Combination of antihypertensive therapy is a better choice for control of hypertension.
J Com Med Col Teachers Asso July 2024; 28(2): 70-74
Outcome of Solifenacin Monotherapy and Combined Solifenacin and Mirabegron Therapy in Patient with Overactive Bladder
Authors: Majumder Sharif Muhammad Mahmudul Hasan , Farhana Fatima , Asaduzzaman Muhammad , Amin Mohammad Ruhul , Hasan Mohammad Masum , Begum Taslima
Published: December 2024

Background: Overactive bladder has a profound detrimental effect on quality of life. In the vast majority of the patients, the management plan entails behavioral modification and the anti-muscarinic drug solifenacin, which has considerable side effects and lower patients satisfaction rate. Mirabegron, a β3-adrenoceptor agonist, significantly improves OAB symptoms and plays an important role in the management algorithm.
Objectives: This study examined the effectiveness and safety of solifenacin monotherapy versus mirabegron and solifenacin combination therapy in the treatment of OAB.
Methods: This study was conducted as a quasi-experimental model. A total of 90 patients were included in the study through purposive sampling and divided into two comparison groups: Group A (control group) receiving Solifenacin (5 mg) once daily at night for 12 weeks, and Group B (experimental group) receiving a combination of Solifenacin (5 mg) and Mirabegron (25 mg) nightly for the same period. Follow-up visits were conducted at 4, 8, and 12 weeks to track the number of micturitions, urgency, urge incontinence, nocturia, and voided volume over 24 hours. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22, and the chi-square test was used to compare percentages of different outcome variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Solifenacin (5 mg) monotherapy and combined miragraben (25 mg) and solifenacin (5 mg) showed comparable efficacy in alleviating symptoms of OAB, but greater improvement with regard to frequency of micturition, urgency, and urge incontinence were showed in the combined therapy group.
Conclusion: The combination of Solifenacin and Mirabegron provides a more effective treatment for overactive bladder compared to Solifenacin alone. Although the combined treatment group experienced more adverse effects, these differences were not statistically significant between the two groups. Since the adverse effects were generally mild and temporary, the combined therapy remains a viable option for managing overactive bladder.
J Com Med Col Teachers Asso July 2024; 28(2): 75-81
Comparative Study between Exatracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and Percutaneours Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for the Treatment of Lower Calyceal Stone
Authors: Amin Mohammad Ruhul , Ullah Mohammad Shafayet , Alam Mohammad Mahbubul Alam , Majumder Sharif Muhammad Mahmudul Hasan , Hasan Mohammad Masum , Begum Taslima
Published: December 2024

Background: The main question when comparing ESWL and PCNL for lower pole stones is one of clinical effectiveness, which includes consideration of the stone-free rate, secondary procedure rate, complications, hospitalization, disability period and recurrent stone rate. Many factors are contributed to lower pole stones clearance such as size of stone, composition, infundibulo-pelvic angle and patient clinical factors should all be considered in conjunction with the various surgical modalities and the availability of equipment’s before the preferred treatment option is selected. Stone-free rate with ESWL were inversely correlated to the stone burden treated. The introduction of ESWL in the early 1980s temporarily limited the indications for percutaneous procedures for stones but after limitations of shock wave lithotripsy were realized, percutaneous surgery regained its merited role in the stone management. On the other hand, lower pole stones contraindication for ESWL which were largely treated by open surgery in the past, now mostly replaced by PCNL.
Objectives: To assess and compare relative efficacy and the overall lower calyceal stone clearance in between Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL). In relation to stone size. To compare the anatomical factor infundibulo-pelvic angle among, required adjuvant procedure and morbidity in between PCNL and ESWL in treating lower calyceal.
Study Design: Hospital based prospective comparative interventional study. Setting: Study was carried out in the Department of urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), and different private hospital of Dhaka city, during the period of January 2006 to July 2007.
Methods: Purposive sampling method was followed as per inclusion and exclusion by criteria to select 60 patients. They were divided into two groups by alternate method, into PCNL and ESWL groups.
Result: In this study, for the smaller stones <10mm, it was seen that the rate of stone clearance in PCNL and ESWL group were 85.71% and 77.77% respectively. Statistical analysis shows no significant difference of stone clearance between the two groups. (P>0.05). For treating larger stones >10-20mm, present study showed that the rate of stone clearance in PCNL and ESWL group were 93.75% and 41.66 % respectively. There are statistical analysis shows significant difference of clearance (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is better option than Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) in treating lower calyceal stone.
J Com Med Col Teachers Asso July 2024; 28(2): 92-95
HCV infection in haemodialysis patients: Prevalence and risk factor analysis
Authors: Safwath Sayed Alamgir , Kabir Iqbal Murshed , Mahmuduzzaman Muhammad , Gosh Dilip Kumar , Ahmed Mostak Uddin , Mamoon Md  Abdullah Al , Rahman Md  Anisur
Published: December 2024

Introduction:  Dialysis patients have a higher rate of HCV infection.2 This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of HCV infection in patients on chronic haemodialysis and to identify the risk factors for HCV transmission in this patient group. Methods: This prospective cross sectional study was carried out in the haemodialysis units and the department of Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders (GHPD) of BIRDEM hospital, during the period of March 2006 to March 2007. A total of 72 end stage renal disease patients of both sexes and all ages on maintenance heamodialysis for more than three months were enrolled.  A pre-designed questionnaire comprising demographic, dialysis-specific, medical history and life style variables was filled up. Predialysis five (5) ml blood were taken from the arterial channel for anti-HCV (ELISA) test. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The prevalence of HCV infection in patients on chronic haemodialysis was 23.6%. There was no statistical significance (p=0.133ns) between anti-HCV positivity and age and sex distribution. The association between HCV status and the total number of units of blood transfused, mean duration of haemodialysis and life-style risk factors for HCV transmission were statistically significant. Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of HCV infection in patients on chronic haemodialysis was 23.6%. The haemodialysis patients in our dialysis unit have an infection rate 8-12 fold more than general population. The association between the total number of units of blood transfused, mean duration of haemodialysis, and presence of one or more risk factors and HCV positivity were statistically significant.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2014;20(01): 9-14
Nephrotic syndrome in children- Role of intravenous cyclophosphamide in comparison with oral cyclophosphamide in frequently relapsing or steroid dependent cases
Authors: Alam Md  Kabir , Muinuddin Golam , Rahman Md  Shafiqur , Shamsuzzaman Md , Kundu Gopen kumar
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome in children is a disease of relapse and remission. The treatment of frequently relapsing (FR) and steroid dependent (SD) idiopathic nephritic syndrome(INS) with oral cyclophosphamide creates problem like side effects, infections and compliance.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted among 27 patients selected consecutively selected, of them 19 were FR and 8 were SD idiopathic nephritic syndrome. Fourteen children were treated with Intravenous Cyclophosphamide (IVCP) at a dose of 500mg/m2/month for 6 months after achieving a steroid induced remission. Thirteen children were treated with Oral Cyclophosphamide(OCP) 2mg/kg/day for 12 weeks in case of SD and 3mg/kg/day for 8 weeks in case of FR nephritic syndrome. The response of IVCP & OCP were evaluated in terms of remission, change in steroid response status of the patient, duration of remission(ie. proteinuria free days), side effects & compliance with therapy.
Results: The mean proteinuria free days (243.5 # 108.9 days in IVCP group vs 136.3# 73.3 days in OCP group) which was highly significant (p=0.004). The cumulative remission in the IVCP group 71.4% at one year follow up and was comparable to that of OCP group which was 46.2% at a 40% lower cumulative dose.
Conclusion: Monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy causes prolonged remission with negligible side effect in frequently relapsing and steroid dependent idiopathic nephritic syndrome in children
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2014;20(01):15-20
Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotic usage for Urinary Tract Infection in two tertiary care hospital
Authors: Khatun Shima Akter , Islam Md Rashidul , Saha Shusmita , Ara Ferdous
Published: December 2024

Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious disease in the community medical practice. It was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on patients diagnosed with UTI. The objective was to study the prescribing pattern of antibiotic used in the treatment of UTI. The study was carried out in the OPD of Medicine, Surgery and Gynaecology & Obstetrics from 1st January to 31st March 2012 in Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital and Dhaka National Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Urinary Tract Infection patients who were in the age group of 18-80 years were included after obtaining their informed consent. A suitable data collection form was prepared and used to collect the required data. Among 360 patients 180 from Sir Salimullah Medical College and 180 from Dhaka National Medical college. Most of the patients were prescribed with Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin respectively in Sir Salimullah Medical college and cefotaxime, nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin respectively in Dhaka National Medical College. The study found that Cephalosporin’s were most commonly used and Quinolones were the second most commonly used drugs for the treatment of UTI. The third category  drug used in female patients was Nitrofurantoin which is relatively inexpensive and safe for both pregnant and non-pregnant women.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2014;20(01):25-29
Comparison of Hybrid Capture II (HCII) assay with conventional methods for diagnosis of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection
Authors: Rahman Tanjila , Tabassum Shahina , Saha Shimu , Jahan Munira
Published: December 2024

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most prevalent virus involved in sexually transmitted diseases worldwide, and an important public health challenge for the prevention of cervical carcinoma. The present study compared the hybrid capture II assay with conventional methods for the diagnosis of HPV infection.  A total of 68 women between 25-70 years of age were included in this study. Conventional methods used for diagnosis of the patients included Visible Inspection of Acetic acid (VIA), Histopathology and Pap smear tests. The hybrid Capture 2 assay was used to detect HPV DNA viral load in these patients. VIA test was performed on 66 patients. HPV DNA was detected in 8 (20.5%) of the VIA positive cases, 2 (9.5%) VIA negative, and 2 (33.3%) cases where VIA test were unsatisfactory. Pap smear test was done on 43 patients. Among them HPV DNA was detected in 13(19.1%) cases, of which 11 (37.9%) cases were Pap positive/abnormal and 2 (14.3%) were Pap negative. Out of  29 cases where histopathological examination was carried out, HPV DNA was detected in 1 (7.7%) chronic cervicitis case, 4 (66.7%) cases of CIN I, 7 (70.0%) cases of CIN II/III and invasive carcinoma. From this study it is suggested that in combination with conventional methods, hybrid Capture 2 assay is a useful tool to diagnose high-risk HPV infections when conventional tests shows apparently normal results.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2014;20(01):30-34
Perinatal Mortality and Related Obstetric Risk Factors in Dhaka National Medical College Hospital
Authors: Arzu Jahanara , Khatun Mst  Hosna Ara , Kamal M A , Haque Emdadul , Haider Zulfe Ara
Published: December 2024

Objective: To determine perinatal mortality and its related risk factors in Dhaka National Medical College Hospital.
Study design: Prospective observational study.
Setting: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department in Dhaka National Medical College Hospital from January to December 2011.
Patients and Methods: All perinatal deaths including stillbirths (SBs) and early neonatal deaths (ENNDs) within 0-7 days of delivery after 28 wks of gestation were studied during the study period, while pregnancies <28 wks of gestation were excluded from the study. The relevant information was collected through a pre-designed data sheet.
Results: A total number of 1882 deliveries were analysed for perinatal mortality (PNM). Among them, there were 41 perinatal deaths (PNDs) giving a perinatal mortality of 21.78/1000 births. There were 36 SBs and 05 ENNDs. Out of all patients, 58.53% women were multipara and 75.61% were booked case. Common risk factors for PNM were hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (26.82%), followed by antepartum haemorrhage (9.75%) and congenital anomalies (9.75%). Malpresentation were found in 7.31% of PNDs, while prolonged labour and prematurity both contribute to 4.87% . In 2.43% cases, septicaemia of neonate and maternal medical disorder (Gestational diabetes mallitus) was the underlying cause. However, in 31.7% cases cause was unknown.
Conclusion: The perinatal mortality in present study is not so high. Many of the causes of perinatal death though unknown but other risk factors can be prevented.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2014;20(01):41-46
Relaparotomy in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of a Medical College Hospital in Old Dhaka City
Authors: Sultana Nasreen , Rahman Jahanara , Begum Hosne Ara , Nahar Najmun , Jesmin Asma
Published: December 2024

The objectives of this study were to analyze the cases that underwent relaparotomy and identify indications of primary and relaparotomy surgeries, relaparotomy findings, and procedures undertaken and find out avoidable risk factors of such emergency situations. This was a retrospective descriptive study done in Dhaka National Medical College Hospital during the period from July 2011 to June 2013. Out of 6983 operations (Obstetric and Gynae) 13 cases needed relaparotomy. In ten case primary operations were performed in this hospital and three were performed in outside clinics( one outside Dhaka).Indications of relaparotomy were,  internal haemorrhage, foreign body, rectus sheath haematoma, secondary PPH, fecal fistula, post surgery adhesion. Procedure performed during repeat operations were hysterectomy, resuturing of uterine incision ,peritoneal toileting and removal of blood clot, removal of foreign body, drainage of rectus sheath haematoma, fecal fistula repair, adhesiolysis. To reduce the risk of relaparotomy and to minimize  the sufferings of the patients from relaparotomy, proper case selection during primary operation, competency of the surgical team, appropriate surgical procedures, prompt identification  of complication and early  necessary intervention should be maintained in every hospital.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2014;20(01):47-49
Prediction of stature from arm-span-An Anthropometric study on 100 Bangladeshi adult Muslim male of Lower socioeconomic status group
Authors: Firoz Ahmed
Published: December 2024

To determine the stature from arm-span may be needed in the older persons whose original stature have already reduced due to aging process or unable to take actual measurement of a person due to curvature of vertebral column abnormality i.e. kyphosis, lordosis and scoliosis or partial loss or total loss of the lower limb or bowing of legs and bent knees. Sometimes it is impossible to take measurement of bed ridden patients. In these cases the original stature of those people can be measured by multiplying the measuring value of the arm-span with the multiplication factor. The multiplication factor can be obtained by making ratio of the stature to the arm-span. This multiplication factor varies from one race to another race, one sex to another sex and one ethnic group to another ethnic group. Therefore the present study was carried out in order to establish a multiplication factor of Bangladeshi adult Muslim male of lower socio-economic status group. The sample subjects were 100 Bangladeshi Muslim males of lower socio-economic status aged between 25 to 30 years. The arm-span along with stature was measured directly from the subject by measuring steel tape. The data were then statistically analyzed by computation to find out its normative value. Comparison was made between measured and estimated stature of the same person by using paired “t” test. In the study the multiplication factor was revealed 0.940 ± 0.038.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2014;20(01):54-57
A Review of Moringa oleifera on Physical and Mental Health Effects for Its Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Nahar Shamsun , Ara Nazma , Faisal Ferdous Mahmud , Rahman Tanjila , Saha Shimu
Published: December 2024

Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is a highly valued plant, distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtropics. It has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. Different parts of this plant contain a profile of important minerals, and are a good source of protein, vitamins, β-carotene, amino acids and various phenolics. The Moringa plant provides a rich and rare combination of zeatin, quercetin, β-sitosterol, caffeoylquinic acid and kaempferol. In addition to its compelling water purifying powers and high nutritional value, M. oleifera is very important for its medicinal value. Various parts of this plant such as the leaves, roots, seed, bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods act as cardiac and circulatory stimulants, possess antitumor, antipyretic, antiepileptic, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antispasmodic, diuretic, antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antifungal activities, and are being employed for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenous system of medicine, particularly in South Asia. In addition to this, it helps to improve mood maintaing sound health due to its constituent tryptophan–an amino acid. This review focuses on the detailed phytochemical composition, medicinal uses, along with pharmacological properties of different parts of this multipurpose tree.
J.Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2014;20(01):58-63
From Partners to Rivals: Normative Power Europe Meets Normative Power China?
Authors: Yılmaz Gözde
Published: December 2024

The European Union (EU) has been promoting its norms, values, and rules for decades. However, in the current international environment, the EU’s normative power is not being received well outside the EU, particularly in reference to the growing power of illiberal states. Within that context, this study explores EU-China relations across time and unpacks the position of normative power Europe towards China and the Chinese response. The study foregrounds the fruitless attempts of the EU to project its transformative power onto China and the growing resistance by China against this, which it expresses by presenting itself to the West as an alternative power with an alternative understanding of international politics.
Introducing the Response to Sponsorship Dataset: Determinants of Responses by Target States to State Sponsors of Rebel Groups
Authors: Kınay Kılıç Latife
Published: December 2024

Empirical studies on the sponsorship of rebel groups have focused on understanding why and how supporter states help rebels, whether this engagement benefits the rebels, and the effects of sponsorship on the conflict outcomes. By comparison, the responses of target states to sponsorship behavior have been neglected despite the possibility of interstate crises, disputes, and conflict due to the sponsorship. This study introduces a new dataset, the Response Sponsorship Dataset (RSD), which measures target states’ responses toward state sponsors of rebel groups intending to terminate the sponsorship. The data includes information on the responses of 58 target states to 102 supporter states concerning the support of 150 rebel groups between 1991 and 2010, comprising 3719 observations. The RSD identifies diplomatic, economic, militarized, domestic, covert responses and inaction as target state responses as well as classifying them as coercive or non-coercive based on target states’ foreign policy engagements with sponsors. The RSD provides new opportunities for researchers and policymakers to analyze target responses with regards to conflict management and foreign policy as well as promising future research on support termination.
Schengen Visa Deadlock: The Unresolved Case of Turkish Citizens
Authors: Erdenir Burak
Published: December 2024

The visa policy of the European Union (EU) member states against Turkish citizens has been a controversial topic for decades. Millions of Turkish citizens suffer from serious restrictions before their travel to the Schengen area for the purpose of their non-gainful activities. In time, two main options appeared before the visa-free travel of Turkish citizens, namely the opportunity brought by the interpretations of the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) based on the “stand-still clause” and secondly the Visa Liberalisation Dialogue. The objective of the article is to discuss whether the visa regime against Turkish citizens is justified or politically motivated. It connects the technical/legal analysis to a political analysis through the securitization theory. Security framing practices of the European actors at various policy levels are analyzed to explain the continuation of the restrictive visa regime against Turkish citizens despite two strong options that could have ensured visa-free travel. This article concludes that as a result of developments following the failed coup attempt in 2016, visa-free travel of Turkish citizens which was framed through the perceived threat of Turkish migration has transformed into a real threat.
Synthesis of Grignard-like Cymantrenyl Derivatives of Divalent Samarium and Ytterbium and their Reactions with Aldehyde and Ketones
Authors: Makhmudov Sh. , Mamedova F. , Mehdiyev I.
Published: December 2024

The article presents data on the synthesis and study of the reactivity of divalent samarium and ytterbium derivatives of cymantrene. It is shown that regardless of the structure and nature of the organic radical, the products of the interaction of aldehydes (ketones) with cymantrene, samarium, and ytterbium derivatives are not carbinol derivatives of cymantrene, but due to the redox process, the corresponding alkenyl derivative. Thus, the synthesis of Grignard-like derivatives of ytterbium and samarium in a THF solution was carried out. Their reactivity with ketones and various aldehydes was also studied. It was established that the samarium and ytterbium compounds decompose above 110°C and 120°C, respectively.
Interactions of Potassium Asparaginate with Bivalent Metals (Studying the MnCl2-C4H6KNO4-H2O System at 25°C)
Authors: Omoeva Zh. , Altybaeva D.
Published: December 2024

The MnCl₂-C₄H₆KNO₄-H₂O system is investigated at 25°C to study phase equilibria and the formation of various crystalline phases. Solutions of various compositions were prepared and evaporated at room temperature. The resulting crystals were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microscopy. The results showed the formation of complex compounds Mn(C4H6KNO4)2×2H2O at component ratios of 1:1 and 1:2, as well as polyhydrate forms of MnCl2×4H2O at elevated MnCl2 concentrations. The morphology and size of the crystals varied depending on the composition of the solutions. The data obtained are important for further understanding of complexation and crystallization processes in multicomponent systems and can be useful for the development of new materials and technologies.
Flora of the Batabat Plateau
Authors: Seyidov M. , Mammadli T. , Gasimov H. , Bayramov B.
Published: December 2024

In modern times, the study of biodiversity in the context of global climate change is becoming more and more important. The study area is the Batabat Plateau, located in the north of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, on the southern slope of the Zangezur Range. The area surrounded by the Zangezur and Daralayaz ranges has such geographical conditions that the air humidity is below normal for most of the year. Only in the summer months does the humidity increase relatively. Due to the flow of moist air entering the area through the Bichanak pass, which is a low area of the Zangezur range, the humidity of the air is relatively high, which is very important in the formation of vegetation. As a result of our research, it was found that 968 species of plants belonging to 58 families and 344 genera can be found in the flora of the Batabat plateau, and the flora spectrum of the area was prepared by us. The species of plants distributed in the Batabat plateau were analyzed according to their life forms and useful properties, and it was found that the plant groups formed by these species contain a quantity of technical medicines, fruits and berries, and other useful products that will provide a number of industries (food, medicine, perfumery, etc.). Plant groups have abundant natural resources, which are used effectively.
The Bioecological and Geographical Characteristics of the Alyssum L. Genus Common in the Flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Authors: Alieva A.
Published: December 2024

The article mentions the bioecological and geographical characteristics of the genus Alyssum L. - one of the large genera of the Brassicaceae family, widespread in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.As a result of the studies, the following species were identified in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic: Alyssum calycinum L., AlyssumStephan ex Willd., Alyssum gehamense Fed., Alyssum hirsutum M. Bieb., Alyssum murale Waldst. & Kit., Alyssum parviflorum Fisch. ex M. Bieb., Alyssum persicum Boiss. (A. muelleri Boiss. & Buhse), Alyssum stapfii Vierh. (A. buschianum Grossh.), Alyssum strictumWilld., Alyssum strigosum Banks & Soland. (A. campestre L.), Alyssum strictum Willd., Alyssum tortuosum Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., Alyssum turkestanicum Regel & Schmalh. (A. desertorum Stapf) of the genus Alyssum L. Here is information about the distribution of representatives of the genus Alyssum L. in the territorial flora by altitude zones, ecological environment, phenophase, life form, types of geographic zones and ecological group by humidity. Also mentioned were useful features of the genus, subendemic species of Azerbaijan, species characteristic of the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.
A Dangerous Polyphagous Pest of Agricultural Crops, the Meadow Moth (Loxostege sticticalis L.) in Azerbaijan
Authors: Mustafaeva G.
Published: December 2024

The meadow moth belongs to Lepidoptera (Crambidae). It is a dangerous polyphagous pest of agricultural crops. For the first time it is indicated for the fauna of Azerbaijan. The species is characterized by outbreaks of mass reproduction; under certain conditions, there is a mass flight of this insect. If necessary, they can overcome even 900 kilometers; therefore, their migrations are called active. In Azerbaijan, at the end of the first ten days of September, there was a mass flight of the meadow moth, mainly on the Absheron Peninsula, in the cities of Baku and Sumgait; there may even be a migration of this pest.
Perspectives on the Use of Blockchain for Decentralized and Secure Data Exchange
Authors: Israfilov A.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the application of blockchain technology for decentralized and secure data exchange. The primary focus is on blockchain's advantages, such as high security, data immutability, and the potential for process automation through smart contracts. Key challenges in implementing the technology are also discussed, including scalability issues, high energy consumption, and legal restrictions. The article suggests solutions to these challenges through the development of efficient consensus algorithms and integration with advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence. The research findings highlight blockchain’s potential as a viable solution for secure data exchange across various industries.
Memory Leaks in Spa: Prevention, Detection, and Remediation Methods
Authors: Dudak A.
Published: December 2024

This article addresses the issue of memory leaks in modern single-page applications (SPAs). By investigating the causes of leaks associated with dynamic content updates, active interaction with the document object model (DOM) interface, and asynchronous operations, developers gain insights into avoiding the excessive accumulation of unused objects in memory. The article discusses methods for preventing and addressing leaks, including the use of weak references, component state management, and optimizing asynchronous requests. It also emphasizes the importance of using monitoring tools, such as Chrome DevTools, and integrating automated testing into the continuous integration (CI) and continuous delivery (CD) process. The article offers a comprehensive approach for efficient memory management and preventing performance issues in SPA applications.
Effective Energy Saving in Rural Networks of 0.38 kV
Authors: Turduev I. , Saypidinuulu A.
Published: December 2024

Discusses the principle of operation of rural distribution networks with a voltage of 0.38 kV, as well as the analysis and selection of a particularly relevant technical solution that allows balancing the asymmetric modes of operation of a network with a voltage of 0.38 kV. Statistical studies have been conducted to improve the efficiency of electricity quality and the power loss coefficient in the networks.
Epidemiological Analysis of the Measles Outbreak in the Territory of Group of Family Doctors no. 2, Family Medicine Center Zhalal-Abad, Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Temirova V. , Temirov N. , Kambarova A. , Maatova S.
Published: December 2024

The article presents an epidemiological analysis of a measles outbreak among children in the territory of Family Doctors Group (FMG) No. 1, Jalal-Abad. The measles outbreak began in August 2023; an increase in incidence was observed in October and November (2.27 and 2.43 per 1000 children, respectively) and continued in January and June 2024 (1.6 and 0.05 per 1000 children, respectively). Seasonality of the infection was observed in the autumn-winter period. In 2023, 6.15 cases of measles per 1000 population were registered. A 2.6-fold decrease in incidence was noted over the nine months of 2024 (to 2.3 per 1000 population). Among those infected, a significant proportion were children under 14 years of age—88.1%, while adults accounted for 11.9%. In terms of the prevalence of infection, the highest incidence was noted among children under one year of age (37.5 per 1,000 children), followed by children aged 3–5 years (12.6 per 1,000 children) and children aged 1–2 years (2.1 per 1,000 children). Among those who fell ill with measles, 88% were unvaccinated children, of whom 46% were not vaccinated due to age, and 51.3% were among those who refused preventive vaccinations. Cases of the disease were also registered among vaccinated children (12%), despite vaccination and revaccination against measles.
Assessment of the Quality of Life of Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Based on the Results of the HAQ and HAQ-S Questionnaires
Authors: Kulchinova G. , Abdurashitova D. , Murzakulova M.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study was to study the effect of various types of treatment for ankylosing spondylitis on the quality of life of patients. The results of a study of the quality of life (according to the HAQ and HAQ-S questionnaire) of 74 adult patients with AS under the influence of treatment with NSAIDs, sulfasalazine, methotrexate, and adalimumab 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment are presented. It was found that patients with AS at all stages of therapy showed an improvement in quality of life indicators according to the HAQ and HAQ-S questionnaires in the 2nd and 4th groups of patients with AS who took sulfasalazine and adalimumab.
Comparative Significance of Spontaneous Immunoglobulin-Synthesizing Activity of B-Lymphocytes in Various Clinical Variants of Reactive Arthritis
Authors: Irisov A. , Zhamilova G. , Bukenova D. , Eraeva G. , Niyazbaeva Ch. , Ariev E. , Arapov A.
Published: December 2024

This work considers the significance of spontaneous immunoglobulin-synthesizing activity of B-lymphocytes (SIAL) in various clinical variants of reactive arthritis (ReA). It was found that an increased level of SIAL was found in patients with autoimmune diseases (AS, RA, and SLE) from 72.2% to 88.8%, in 57.9% of patients with RHEA, only 10% of healthy individuals, and only 27.3% of patients with osteoarthritis. It was shown that Rea with a high degree of activity and a chronic course of the disease, the values of SIAL were higher than with minimal and moderate degrees of activity and acute and prolonged courses of the disease.
Association Between Cardiovascular Risk and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Karshina O. , Sabirov I. , Kundashev U. , Mohammad E. , Inarkiev R. , Fazilova S.
Published: December 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can be considered either an independent disease or a component of metabolic syndrome, and it is associated with conditions such as diabetes, obesity, lipid metabolism disorders, and hypertension. NAFLD and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases share common risk factors, including obesity, diabetes, and lipid metabolism disorders. Currently, the hypothesis that NAFLD is an independent cardiovascular risk factor is widely accepted, with this association influencing the onset or exacerbation of atherosclerotic processes. This has significant implications for the diagnosis and risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases in patients with NAFLD. The aim of the study is to analyze the role of NAFLD as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases associated with metabolic dysfunction. The focus will be on common cardiovascular manifestations in patients with NAFLD to identify the relationships between metabolic disorders and the development of cardiovascular diseases. To achieve this goal, an analysis of sources from foreign and domestic literature on this issue was conducted, primarily from 1990 to 2023. The databases used include PubMed and E-library. The impact of NAFLD on cardiovascular diseases is attributed to chronic inflammation, cholesterol metabolism disorders, and endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, liver cirrhosis leads to alterations in blood pressure regulation, cardiac dysfunction, and hemodynamic disturbances. Liver pathology, as a significant factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases, requires a comprehensive approach to treatment. Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases are also prevalent among patients with NAFLD due to shared risk factors. The higher prevalence of coronary artery calcification, hypertension, aortic valve sclerosis, diastolic dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaques, and increased intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries in patients with NAFLD compared to those without further supports this observation.
Modern Views on the Treatment of Hemorrhoid Disease Complicated by Post Hemorrhagic Anemia
Authors: Raiymbekov O. , Zholbolduev Zh. , Tashmamatov N. , Nevreev A.
Published: December 2024

Research purpose: to improve the surgical treatment results of patients with bleeding hemorrhoids complicated by posthemorrhagic anemia through the development of rational methods of surgical treatment. Patients and methods: A method of operation by first ligating blood vessels to the internal hemorrhoids without any instruments with simultaneous removal of external hemorrhoids has been developed. Research design: The study included 56 patients operated on for chronic bleeding hemorrhoids complicated with posthemorrhagic anemia from 2018 to 2022. All patients underwent a method to ligate blood vessels to internal hemorrhoids without any instruments along with simultaneous removal of external hemorrhoids. In the postoperative period in these patients, the pain syndrome was less pronounced, the patients behaved relatively actively, reflex urinary retention was not noted, postoperative bleeding and postoperative stricture of the anal canal were not observed, the patients were in the hospital for an average of 11.08 hospital days, and closed hemorrhoidectomy was 16.09 bed days. Findings: The operation is low-cost; there is no need for expensive high-tech equipment; it is effective for all stages of hemorrhoids; the surgical field is wide; visibility is unlimited; the operation is performed by all proctologists without special training. Low trauma; there is no open wound in the anal canal, i.e., “X”-shaped and interrupted sutures are applied for transanal hemorrhoidal ligation of blood vessels to internal hemorrhoids and mucopexy. Conclusion: short recovery period, low intensity of postoperative pain, absence of postoperative urinary retention, postoperative bleeding, and anal stricture.
Main Problems of Land Use in Gusar-Gonakkend Cadastral District
Authors: Isayeva S.
Published: December 2024

The work is devoted to the study of land resources of the Gusar-Gonakkend cadastral district. The analysis of the state of soil fertility and the identification of problems and causes in land use are carried out. The analysis of fund and cartographic materials on the object of study is carried out. The study revealed that the main problems in the use of the studied lands are a decrease in the forest fund and a decrease in soil fertility, an increase in salinity, and soil erosion. It was found that 53.2% (241,492 hectares) of the lands of the Gusar-Gonakkend cadastral district are eroded, of which 41.7% (100,702 hectares) are slightly eroded, 30.8% (74,380 hectares) are moderately eroded, and 27.5% (66,410 hectares) are heavily eroded. The area of forests in the study area is 49,111 hectares, i.e., 10.81% of the total area. Unsystematic logging and failure to establish new forests have led to a significant reduction of 48.9% (19,741 ha). The fertility of the lands of the Gusar-Gonakkend cadastral region has decreased as a result of intensive use in agriculture. 16.92% of the lands of group I, 51.88% of the lands of group II, and 27.69% of the lands of group III are used for arable land. 2.2% (10,000 ha) of the area of the study territory is subject to alkalinization.
Content of Copper and Molybdenum in Forage Plants of Winter Pastures of the Nakhchevan Autonomous Republic
Authors: Ibragimov A. , Seyidli M.
Published: December 2024

The amount of copper and molybdenum was determined in samples of grass collected from the winter pastures of Bashbashi and Negram. As a result, the norm of copper content (5.3-11.8 mg per 1 kg of air-dried grass) and molybdenum (3.8±0.8-7.8±0.8 mg) was determined. Of the food plants, wormwood contains the most molybdenum, and copper-accumulating plants include wormwood and legumes. Forage plants of the Bashbashinsky and Negramsky winter pastures accumulate sufficient amounts of copper. Its content varies in the grasses of winter pastures of Bashbashinsky from 6.0 mg to 8.3 mg, on average 6.7-7.6 mg, in Negram from 3.8 mg to 12.6 mg, on average 5.3-11.8 per 1 kg of air-dry material. Wormwood and legume formations are the richest in copper.
The Role of Healthy Nutrition in Rehabilitation and Prevention of "Pharmacy" drug Addiction
Authors: Akmatova A.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the role of healthy nutrition in the rehabilitation and prevention of "pharmacy" drug addiction. "Pharmacy" drug addiction, characterized by the abuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs, is becoming an increasingly common problem, especially among young people. The work emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet for restoring the body and maintaining the mental health of patients at the rehabilitation stage. The methods of including diet therapy in rehabilitation programs are analyzed, paying special attention to products that promote detoxification and normalization of body functions. The article also considers aspects of the preventive impact of healthy nutrition among young people, which can help reduce the need for medicinal stimulants. The author suggests integrating healthy nutrition programs into educational institutions as part of the prevention of "pharmacy" drug addiction.