bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between Ibuprofen Exposure and Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Nationwide Register-Based Study
Authors: Kragholm Kristian , Gerds Thomas A. , Fosbøl Emil , Andersen Mikkel Porsborg , Phelps Matthew , Butt Jawad H , Østergaard Lauge , Gislason Gunnar , Schou Morten , Køber Lars , Torp-Pedersen Christian
Published: May 2020

Background: Initially, the World Health Organization (WHO) and national health boards issued a warning against NSAID use in corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and recommended that paracetamol or acetaminophen instead should be administered. However, later and current WHO and European Medicine Agency recommendations do not call for avoidance of ibuprofen in COVID-19 patients. Given the current uncertainty of drug safety for NSAID use in patients with COVID-19, we performed a nationwide register-based study on the association of recent ibuprofen exposure and COVID-19 severity. Methods: Using national administrative databases, we identified COVID-19 patients in Denmark between end of February 2020 and April 2, 2020. Patients <30 years of age and heart failure, for whom ibuprofen is not recommended, were excluded. Ibuprofen exposure was defined using the Danish National Prescription Registry, where we had information until January 31, 2020. Endpoint was a composite of severe COVID-19 diagnosis with acute respiratory syndrome, intensive care unit admission or death. Results: Among 1,872 patients, 46 (2.5%) were exposed to ibuprofen prior to COVID-19 infection. Patients with recent ibuprofen exposure tended to be older and more likely to have hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer, though all insignificant (P>0.05). When adjusting for these covariates, odds ratio was 1.57 [95% CI 0.72-3.38], with 12 ibuprofen-exposed patients meeting the endpoint (26.1% [95% CI 13.4-38.8%]) versus 272 unexposed patients (14.9% [95% CI 13.4-16.4%]), P=0.15. Conclusion: The association between ibuprofen and severe COVID-19 was insignificant, although with a trend towards increased disease severity risk.
Insufficient Tuberculosis Treatment Leads to Earlier and Higher Mortality in Individuals Who Co-Infected with HIV in Southern China: A Cohort Study
Authors: Zheng Zhigang , Nehl Eric J. , Zhou Chongxing , Li Jianjun , Xie Zhouhua , Zhou Zijun , Liang Hao
Published: May 2020

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are the leading causes of death globally. However, little is known about the long-term mortality risk and timeline of death in those co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This study sought to understand the long-term mortality risk, factors, timeline of death in those with HIV-mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) coinfection, particularly in those TB treatment are insufficient. Methods: TB-cause specific deaths, classified using a modified ‘Coding of Cause of Death in HIV’ protocol. A longitudinal cross-registration-system checking approach was used to confirm HIV/MTB co-infection between two observational cohorts. The changes of mortality from the end of TB treatment (6 months) to post-treatment year (PTY) 5 (60 months) was investigated by different TB treatment outcomes. General linear model was used to estimate the mean mortality at each time-point and change between time-points. Cox’s proportional hazard regression measured the mortality hazard risk (HR) at each time-point. The Mantel-Haenszel stratification was used to identify mortality risk factors. Mortality density was calculated by person year of followed-up. Results: At the end point, mortality among HIV/MTB coinfection was 34.7%. From the end of TB treatment to PTY5, mortality of percentage and of person year in individuals with TBFMA were significant higher than those with TBC and TBCR. Compared to individuals with TBC and with TBCR, individuals with TBFMA were tend to die earlier, mortality was significantly higher (HR TBFMA-TBC = 3.0, 95% confidence interval: 2.5-3.6, HR TBFMA-TBCR = 2.9, 95% CI: 2.5-3.4, P < 0.0001). Those who were naïve to antiretroviral therapy, were farmers, had lower CD4 counts (≤200 cells/μL ) and were ≥50 years of age were at the highest risk of mortality. Mortality risk for participants with TBFMA was significant higher across all stratifications except those with a CD4 count of ≤200 cells/μL. Conclusions: Earlier and long-term mortality of HIV/MTB co-infection is a significant problem when TB treatment fails or is inadequate.
Betalain exerts protective effect against glaucoma is majorly through the association of inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Wang Jiadi , Zhang Dandan , Cao Conghong , Yao Jing
Published: May 2020

The present research aimed at evaluating the protective role of betalain on the in vitro glaucoma model using PC12 neuronal cells. The cultured neuronal cells in a customized pressurized chamber were analyzed for the onset of glutathione, myeloperoxidase (MPO), cathepsin, expression of inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase (COX-1), lipooxygenase (5- LOX), sPLA2 caveolin-1, glaucoma markers and other inflammatory cytokines in the presence and absence of betalain. The results shown that a significant increase in the expression of oxidative stress with increased activity of cathepsin B and D. On the other hand, the activity of inflammatory enzymes such as COX-1, 5- LOX, sPLA2 were significantly increased in pressure exposed cells. In addition, glaucoma simulated cells demonstrated cells displayed a significant increase in the VEGF, TGF-β, BDGF and neuroserpin compared to control. Moreover, cells predisposed to hydrostatic pressure demonstrated an increase in (p<0.01) inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, CXCR4, IL-17, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels. However, cells pre-treated with betalain improved the glutathione levels with attenuated MPO activity. Simultaneously, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and other glaucoma marker genes were found to restore in drug pre-treated cells. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate that the use of betalain on ocular cells can prevent the progression of the disease that can be a suggestive therapeutic for controlling glaucoma like conditions.
Moving the Goal Posts in movement pattern modification using a robotic force field
Authors: Xu Yangmengfei , Crocher Vincent , Fong Justin , Tan Ying , Oetomo Denny
Published: May 2020

Background Moving the Goal Posts (MGP) typically refers to a progressive change of goal or objective - a classic mechanism to promote motor function improvement in neuro-rehabilitative therapy. However, this MGP idea is still missing in the literature of robotic-assisted strategies to improve quality of movement, which is of high-importance in motor neuro-rehabilitation. This study aims to investigate if an MGP approach in a robotic-assisted upper limb movement pattern modification leads to a larger swivel angle change on healthy subjects during a reaching task training. Methodology Randomised control single blind study. Healthy naive subjects were allocated into two groups: Control (N=10) and MGP (N=10) and performed the same reaching tasks under different interventions provided by a manipulandum robotic device. During the intervention, the robotic device applied an Indirect Shaping Control (ISC): a resistive viscous force applied at the subject's hand as a function of the subject's swivel angle to encourage a modification of the later towards a 10° increase. In the MGP group, the goal was altered progressively towards the overall 10° increase in swivel angle, while in the Control group, the goal was set constant to the 10° from the beginning. Results A significant increase of the swivel angle, of 4.0° and 6.2° respectively, was observed in both groups (p<0.05). A significantly larger change was observed in the MGP group (p<0.001). All but one subject adapted into a new movement pattern, but no significant retention was observed in any of the two groups after intervention. Conclusion The superior effect of the intervention with the MGP approach compared to the constant goal demonstrates that the progressivity of learning plays an important role in this context and can ultimately lead to larger changes. Nevertheless, in both cases the effect of the intervention was small and longer interventions and/or steeper progressivity should be investigated to obtain larger changes. Retention was not observed in any group, but this may be different in a motor neuro-rehabilitation context where the newly taught movement pattern may result in additional movement capabilities or other benefits for neurologically impaired individuals.
COVID-19 Pandemic Prediction for Hungary; a Hybrid Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Pinter Gergo , Felde Imre , Mosavi Amir , Ghamisi Pedram , Gloaguen Richard
Published: May 2020

Several epidemiological models are being used around the world to project the number of infected individuals and the mortality rates of the COVID-19 outbreak. Advancing accurate prediction models is of utmost importance to take proper actions. Due to a high level of uncertainty or even lack of essential data, the standard epidemiological models have been challenged regarding the delivery of higher accuracy for long-term prediction. As an alternative to the susceptible-infected-resistant (SIR)-based models, this study proposes a hybrid machine learning approach to predict the COVID-19 and we exemplify its potential using data from Hungary. The hybrid machine learning methods of adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and multi-layered perceptron-imperialist competitive algorithm (MLP-ICA) are used to predict time series of infected individuals and mortality rate. The models predict that by late May, the outbreak and the total morality will drop substantially. The validation is performed for nine days with promising results, which confirms the model accuracy. It is expected that the model maintains its accuracy as long as no significant interruption occurs. Based on the results reported here, and due to the complex nature of the COVID-19 outbreak and variation in its behavior from nation-to-nation, this study suggests machine learning as an effective tool to model the outbreak. This paper provides an initial benchmarking to demonstrate the potential of machine learning for future research.
Phytomolecules having flavone and napthofuran nucleus exhibited better binding G-score against protease and SPIKE protein of novel corona virus COVID-19
Authors: A Karthik Aravinda Rajan , VS Muthusamy , M Ramanathan
Published: May 2020

The present study aims to screen the different phytoconstituents and drugs for potential treatment of the corona virus COVID-19 and for specificity through virtual screening. The plant molecules selected were based upon traditional knowledge and are prescribed in the Indian system of medicine for infectious/ respiratory conditions. The three target proteins selected for the study are 3CLpro, PLpro, and SPIKE. These proteins have defined pathological roles in disease transmission. The virtual screening was carried out in these proteins using the GLIDE Schrödinger Maestro software version 11.9.011. The efficacy was assessed by the calculated G-score of the ligand interaction with the amino acid side chains of the ligand binding domain. Molecules such as saponarin, mangiferin, and hesperidin exhibited better G-score with 3CLpro and PLpro. Similarly, diphyllin and tuberculatin exhibited better G-score for SPIKE protein. The reference anti malarial drug hydroxychloroquine showed better interactions with 3CLpro and PLpro. Similarly, protease inhibitors and antiviral drugs have shown interaction with 3CLpro specific protease protein. Interestingly, SPIKE protein ligands, diphyllin and tuberculatin from Justicia adhatoda (vasaka), were found to be unique and did not show affinity to protease inhibitor. It can be concluded, that the molecules having flavone scaffolds show better binding affinity with protease proteins 3CLpro and PLpro. SPIKE protein scaffold is different and showed better binding affinity with molecules having naptho-furan ring. The traditionally used plant phytoconstituents did not exhibit good binding affinity; however, we believe that a combination of these herbs might induce human immune system against microbial infection.
A POSSIBILIDADE DE REPARAÇÃO POR DANO MORAL DECORRENTE DO ABANDONO PARENTAL
Authors: BATISTA Rafael Garcia , GOMES Ana Cristina
Published: May 2020

O objeto deste artigo consiste na abordagem em torno do abandono parental e mostrar que este merece a apreciação do Poder Judiciário, de que deve ser lhe atribuído a compensação material nos casos em que houver sido constatado a omissão do genitor no que diz respeito ao dever de cuidado com o seu filho, por consequente, caracterizando um dano moral pertinente a sua dignidade da pessoa humana. A responsabilidade civil, é uma novidade no âmbito do direito das famílias, tema este que não foi discutido até recentemente. O abandono parental causa um rompimento no elo da família, causa uma quebra da confiança construída entre seus membros, sendo assim, não a convivência entre pai e filho, podendo ser porque este não a quer ou porque construiu uma nova família, a qual não permite a participação da prole advinda de uma família anterior, cenário que pode causas diversos problemas na criança ou adolescente vítima deste. Vários fatores podem ser associados ao abandono parental, já que este faz uma ruptura no laço fraternal criado entre pai e filho, sendo assim, é dever do direito usar de sua força coercitiva para fazer que cesse os atuais casos bem como prevenir aqueles que possam vir ocorrer.
Screening of Watermelon Varieties for Lead Tolerance at the Seedling Stage
Authors: Khan Jehanzeb , Yang Yubin , Fu Qiang , Shao Weiqiang , Wang Jianke , Shen Li , Huai Yan , Malangisha Guy Kateta , Ali Abid , Mahmoud Ahmed , Lin Yi , Ren Yongyuan , Yang Jinghua , Hu Zhongyuan , Zhang Mingfang
Published: May 2020

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an important horticultural crop that is sensitive to heavy metals such as lead (Pb) in polluted water or soil. However, there are no available data regarding Pb tolerance phenotyping in watermelon. Watermelon seedlings were exposed to various Pb doses (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 µm·L–1 Pb) for 14 days, after which 20 µm Pb was identified as the optimal treatment for lead tolerance analysis in watermelon because it caused significant symptoms (leaf chlorosis, stubby and yellow roots) but little damage to seedlings. Subsequently, the Pb responses were analyzed in eight watermelon varieties (V1–V8), and membership function analysis was used to determine a single Pb tolerance index. Of the eight watermelon varieties, V4 and V7 were ranked the most Pb tolerant; V1, V2, V5, and V6 were moderately Pb tolerant; and V3 and V8 were the most Pb-sensitive varieties. Compared with most Pb-sensitive varieties (V3 and V8), the most Pb-tolerant varieties (V4 and V7) maintained high antioxidant activity, and had lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and total soluble protein (TSP) contents. In addition, carotenoid and chlorophyll (both a and b) contents were stimulated and inhibited, respectively, in leaves of high-Pb translocation varieties (V4 and V8). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed relative root length as an indicator of Pb tolerance because it correlated significantly with shoot growth. These results provide useful insight into the mechanism of Pb tolerance in cucurbit crops, as well as information regarding the breeding of watermelon with enhanced tolerance to this heavy metal (Pb).
Morphological and Physiological Responses of Spirea Species to Saline Water Irrigation
Authors: Sun Youping , Li Liqin , Wang Yuxiang , Dai Xin
Published: May 2020

Spirea (Spiraea sp.) plants are popular landscape plants in Utah and the Intermountain West United States. Spiraea betulifolia, S. japonica, S. media, S. nipponica, and S. thunbergii were evaluated for salinity tolerance in a greenhouse experiment. Plants were irrigated weekly with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m−1 (control) or saline solution at an EC of 3.0 or 6.0 dS·m−1 for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, all spirea plants survived and retained good visual quality, with average visual scores greater than 4 (0 = dead, 5 = excellent) when irrigated with saline solution at an EC of 3.0 dS·m−1, with the exception of S. thunbergii, which showed slight foliar salt damage and an average visual score of 3.8. When irrigated with saline solution at an EC of 6.0 dS·m−1, all S. thunbergii plants died, S. media exhibited severe foliar salt damage and an average visual score of 1.5, and S. betulifolia, S. japonica, and S. nipponica displayed slight-to-moderate foliar salt damage and average visual scores greater than 3. Regardless of spirea species, shoot dry weight decreased by 20% and 48% when irrigated with saline solution at ECs of 3.0 and 6.0 dS·m−1, respectively, compared with the control. Saline solution at an EC of 3.0 dS·m−1 did not affect net photosynthesis (Pn) of all spirea species except S. nipponica, but saline solution at an EC of 6.0 dS·m−1 decreased the Pn of all species by 36% to 60%. There were 37, 7, 36, 21, and 104 times more sodium (Na+) concentrations in leaf and 29, 28, 28, 13, and 69 times more chloride (Cl−) concentrations in leaf than in the control when S. betulifolia, S. japonica, S. media, S. nipponica, and S. thunbergii were irrigated with saline solution at an EC of 6.0 dS·m−1. Correlation analyses indicated that foliar salt damage and reduced plant growth and photosynthesis were induced mainly by Cl− ions accumulated in the spirea leaves. S. thunbergii was the most sensitive species; it had high mortality and low visual quality at both salinity levels. Spiraea japonica, S. nipponica, and S. betulifolia were relatively more tolerant and had good visual quality at elevated salinity compared with S. media and S. thunbergii. These research results are valuable for growers and landscape professionals during plant selection for nursery production using low-quality water and landscapes in salt-prone areas.
Effects of Temperature and Plant Growth Regulators on the Scale Propagation of Lilium davidii var. unicolor
Authors: Tang Nan , Ju Xiuting , Hu Yafan , Jia Rulong , Tang Daocheng
Published: May 2020

Scale propagation is a cost-effective and time-saving reproduction method for lily bulb production. The effects of different incubation temperatures and plant growth regulators on the scale propagation of Lilium davidii var. unicolor were investigated. The results showed that temperature influences the scale rot incidence rate, speed of scale differentiation and bulblet formation, as well as the size of bulblets. The optimum temperature for scale propagation of L. davidii var. unicolor was 30 °C. Scales incubated at 30 °C showed a lower rot incidence and faster differentiation and produced larger bulblets. The application of gibberellic acid (GA3), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) had no significant influence on the differentiation rate of scales. GA3 application reduced the incidence rate of scale rot. However, treatment with 50 mg/L NAA and 2 mg/L 6-BA significantly increased the rot incidence rate in the second week of propagation. Both treatments with 100 mg/L NAA and 100 mg/L GA3 produced a higher number of bulblets than their controls after 6 weeks of incubation. GA3 at 100 and 150 mg/L increased the diameter of bulblets, resulting in more large bulblets (grade 1) and fewer small bulblets (grade 3). 6-BA did not facilitate propagation by scaling.
Quantitative microscale Fe redox imaging by multiple energy X-ray fluorescence mapping at the FeKpre-edge peak
Authors: Ellison Eric T. , Mayhew Lisa E. , Miller Hannah M. , Templeton Alexis S.
Published: May 2020

Fe oxidation/reduction reactions play a fundamental role in a wide variety of geological processes. In natural materials, Fe redox state commonly varies across small spatial scales at reaction interfaces, yet the approaches available for quantitatively mapping the Fe redox state at the microscale are limited. We have designed an optimized synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopic approach that allows microscale quantitative mapping of Fe valence state by extending the Fe XANES pre-edge technique. An area of interest is mapped at nine energies between 7109–7118 eV and at 7200 eV, allowing reconstruction, baseline subtraction, and integration of the pre-edge feature to determine Fe(III)/ΣFe with 2 μm spatial resolution. By combining the Fe redox mapping approach with hyperspectral Raman mineralogy mapping, the Fe oxidation state distributions of the major mineral phases are revealed. In this work, the method is applied to a partially serpentinized peridotite with various Fe-bearing secondary mineral phases to trace the Fe transformations and redox changes that occurred during its alteration. Analysis with the Fe redox mapping technique revealed that the peridotite contained relict olivine with abundant Fe(II), while serpentine, pyroaurite, and another hydroxide phase are secondary mineral reservoirs of Fe(III). Although serpentine is not Fe-rich, it contained approximately 74% ± 14% Fe(III)/ΣFe. These analytical results are integral to interpreting the sequence of alteration reactions; serpentinization of primary olivine formed Fe(II)-rich brucite and oxidized serpentine, which could have contributed to H2 production during serpentinization. Subsequent weathering by oxidizing, CO2-bearing fluids led to the partial carbonation and oxidation of brucite, forming pyroaurite and a hydroxide phase containing dominantly Fe(III). This Fe redox imaging approach is applicable to standard petrographic thin sections or grain mounts and can be applied to various geologic and biogeochemical systems.
Designing Enterprise Architecture of The Smart Governance of Bogor
Authors: Rachmat Rachmat
Published: May 2020

Bogor City is one of the one hundred selected cities which are expected to implement Smart City. One component to realize Smart City is the implementation of e-government through the use of Information Technology (IT) through the Smart Governance dimension which is expected to be able to harmonize the implementation of the Bogor ICT integration strategy with the existing ICT masterplans. Based on this case, this study was aimed to make an application of the Enterprise Architecture framework to support the Smart City Masterplan in Bogor City. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of the current ICT conditions, gap analysis, and future targets for Bogor was carried out in this study. The data and information used in this study came from interviews with stakeholders in the Local Government Organization of Bogor, related documents, and information downloaded via the official sites of the Bogor city government. The method applied in this study was TOGAF ADM to design the Bogor Enterprise Architecture framework. The study provides recommendations for the design of Smart Governance Enterprise in the City of Bogor. In addition, based on the results of a gap analysis of business architecture, information systems and, technology, the need for an integrated system, interoperability, budget amount, ICT human resources, and ICT infrastructure needs to be improved, as well as the need for regulations and standards to protect Bogor City e-government products.
Development a Generic Transaction Processing System Based on Business Process Metadata
Authors: Bertaqwa Addin Gama , Saptawati G.A. Putri , Widagdo Tricya E.
Published: May 2020

The business processes has a major role in the activities of an organization. Organizations have various types of information systems that support the business processes. One of the systems that support the operations of an organization’s business processes is a transaction processing system that serves to record the daily routine transactions necessary in running a business. In the implementation of business process on information systems, often occur repetitive coding activities for additions or changes to business processes.

In general, business process consist of a set of activities and relate to each other between one activity to another. To overcome the problem of repetitive coding implementation, relations between activities must be modelled. In this thesis, business process mapping to data level using metadata approach is proposed as a solution to manage any execution services build on information systems, so that developers can focus to the business process flows. The constructed data model divide building blocks of business process into three type such as event, task and gateway. The data model that has been found capable of storing business process as well as the execution flow of the business process into database.

The transaction processing system has been built based on the data model of the process that has been found. Executor of business process has been developed based on metadata that has been designed. From the test results concluded that metadata is able to define business process, and the executor can control the flow of executions of business process correctly. Control of the execution flow of the business process can be done manually by the user or automatically by the executor based on the defined rules in metadata.
Immunological Function of the Antibacterial Peptide Attacin-Like in the Chinese Oak Silkworm, Antheraea pernyi
Authors: Li Qingqing , Zhang Jiawei , Sun Yu , Wang Lei , Qian Cen , Wei Guoqing , Zhu Baojian , Liu Chaoliang
Published: May 2020

Background:

Antibacterial peptides play important roles in the innate immune system
of insects and are divided into four categories according to their structures. Although many antibacterial
peptides have been reported in lepidopteran insects, the roles of an attacin-like gene in immune
response of Antheraea pernyi remain unclear.

Objective:

In this study, the cloning and immunological functions of an attacin-like gene from Antheraea
pernyi were investigated.

Methods:

The open reading frame of Ap-attacin-like gene was cloned by PCR using the specific
primers and then was ligated to the pET-32a vector to construct the recombinant plasmids Ap-attacin-
like-pET-32a. The recombinant Ap-attacin-like protein was expressed in E. coli (BL21 DE3)
cells and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The expression patterns of Ap-attacin-like
in different tissues or under microorganism challenges were investigated by real-time PCR and
western blotting. Finally, agar well diffusion assay was performed to determine the antimicrobial
activity of the recombinant Ap-attacin-like proteins based on the inhibition rate.

Results:

The expression level of Ap-attacin-like was highest in the fat body compared with the
other examined tissues. The expression of Ap-attacin-like in the fat body was significantly elevated
after E. coli, Beauveria bassiana, Micrococcus luteus or Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus challenges. In
addition, the recombinant Ap-attacin-like proteins had obvious antibacterial activity against E. coli.

Conclusion:

Ap-attacin-like was highly expressed in immune-related tissues and its expression level
was significantly induced by different microorganism challenges, suggesting that Ap-attacin-like
participated in the innate immunity of A. pernyi.
Bio-Mediated Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Phosphate Nanoparticles Using Enterobacter aerogenes Cells for Antibacterial and Anticorrosion Applications
Authors: Sadeghi-Aghbash Mona , Rahimnejad Mostafa , Pourali S. Masoomeh
Published: May 2020

Background:

The promising properties of Zinc Phosphate (ZnP) Nanoparticles (NPs) have
made them come into prominence as one of the most favorable catalysts in various industries with ever-
increasing applications. Among several proposed synthetic methods, biological methods have mostly
been desired for their sheer person-environment compatibility in comparison with those of chemical
and physical ones.

Objective:

Therefore, the synthesis of ZnP NPs via biological route was developed in this study.

Method:

Herein proposed a facile, applicable procedure for ZnP NPs via biosynthesis route, which included
precipitation of Zinc Nitrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate
((NH4)2HPO4) in the presence of Enterobacter aerogenes as the synthetic intermediate. Investigation
of the anti-corrosion behavior of the synthesized NPs was explored on carbon steel in the hydrochloric
acid corrosive environment to provide deeper insight into their unique anti-corrosion properties. Additionally,
their antibacterial activities were also examined against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus
and Streptococcus mutans.

Results:

The results of X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy
(EDS) analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnP NPs. Moreover, the examinations of
both anti-corrosion and antibacterial properties, revealed that the synthesized NPs could be a promising
anti-corrosion/antibacterial agent.

Conclusion:

ZnP NPs with an average size of 30-35 nm were successfully synthesized via the simple,
suitable biological method. Results implied that these particles could be used as a non-toxic, environmentally
friendly, corrosion-resistant and antibacterial agent instead of toxic and uneco-friendly ones.
MicroR-26b Targets High Mobility Group, AT-hook 2 to Ameliorate Myocardial Infarction-induced Fibrosis by Suppression of Cardiac Fibroblasts Activation
Authors: Chen Xiao , Ding Zhaosheng , Li Tong , Jiang Wei , Zhang Jiawei , Deng Xuejun
Published: May 2020

Background:

Myocardial Fibrosis (MF) is an important physiological change after
myocardial infarction (MI). MicroRNA-26b (MiR-26b) has a certain inhibitory effect on pulmonary
fibrosis. However, the role of miR-26b in MI-induced MF rats and underlying molecular
mechanisms remain unknown.

Methods:

Forty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into four groups
(n=10): Sham group, MF group, MF + negative control (NC) agomir group and MF + miR-26b
agomir group. Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from cardiac tissue. Fibrosis levels were detected
by MASSON staining, while the expression of related genes was detected by RT-qPCR, Western
blotting and Immunohistochemistry, respectively. TargetScan and dual-luciferase reporter assay
were utilized to predict the relationship between miR-26b and high mobility group, AT-hook 2
(HMGA2).

Results:

The study found the expression of miR-26b to be down-regulated in the myocardium of
MF rats (P<0.01). miR-26b overexpression in vitro significantly reduced the survival rate of cardiac
fibroblasts and inhibited the expression of the fibrillar-associated protein (α-SMA alphasmooth
muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I) (P<0.01). TargetScan indicated that HMGA2 was
one of the target genes of miR-26b; dual-luciferase reporter assay further confirmed the targeted
regulatory relationship (P<0.01). Moreover, miR-26b overexpression significantly reduced the expression
of HMGA2 (P<0.01). Notably, HMGA2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of
miR-26b overexpression on cardiac fibroblast viability and the expression of α-SMA and collagen
I (P<0.01). Animal experiments further indicated that miR-26b overexpression inhibited MIinduced
rat MF by inhibiting the expression of HMGA2 (P<0.05, P<0.01).

Conclusion:

In short, these findings indicate that miR-26b targets HMGA2 to ameliorate
MI-induced fibrosis by suppression of cardiac fibroblasts activation.
Upregulation of miR-496 Rescues Propofol-induced Neurotoxicity by Targeting Rho Associated Coiled-coil Containing Protein Kinase 2 (ROCK2) in Prefrontal Cortical Neurons
Authors: Mao Zemei , Wang Wanju , Gong Haixia , Wu Yinghui , Zhang Yang , Wang Xinlei
Published: May 2020

Objective:

Early exposure to general anesthesia in children might be a potentially highrisk
factor for learning and behavioral disorders. The mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by general
anesthesia was not defined. miR-496 could regulate cerebral injury, while the roles of miR-
496 in neurotoxicity were not elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of miR-
496 in neurotoxicity induced by propofol.

Methods:

Primary Prefrontal Cortical (PFC) neurons were isolated from neonatal rats and treated
with propofol to induce neurotoxicity. Cell viability was detected by (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-
2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell apoptosis was assessed by terminal
deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The target relationship of
miR-496 and Rho Associated Coiled-Coil Containing Protein Kinase 2 (ROCK2) was explored
using luciferase assays.

Results:

Propofol decreased cell viability, promoted cell apoptosis, and decreased the expression
of miR-496 in PFC neurons in a dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of miR-496 attenuated
neurotoxicity induced by propofol in PFC neurons. ROCK2 was a target of miR-496, and miR-496
oppositely modulated the expression of ROCK2. Besides, propofol increased the expression of
ROCK2 through inhibiting miR-496 in PFC neurons. Overexpression of miR-496 attenuated propofol-
induced neurotoxicity by targeting ROCK2 in PFC neurons.

Conclusion:

miR-496 was decreased in PFC neurons treated with propofol, and overexpression of
miR-496 attenuated propofol-induced neurotoxicity by targeting ROCK2. miR-496 and ROCK2
may be promising targets for protecting propofol-induced neurotoxicity.
Curcumin-based Antioxidant and Glycohydrolase Inhibitor Compounds: Synthesis and In Vitro Appraisal of the Dual Activity Against Diabetes
Authors: Esmaeili Sajjad , Ghobadi Nazanin , Nazari Donya , Pourhossein Alireza , Rasouli Hassan , Adibi Hadi , Khodarahmi Reza
Published: May 2020

Background:

Curcumin, as the substantial constituent of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa),
plays a significant role in the prevention of various diseases, including diabetes. It possesses ideal structure
features as an enzyme inhibitor, including a flexible backbone, hydrophobic nature, and several
available hydrogen bond (H-bond) donors and acceptors.

Objective:

The present study aimed at synthesizing several novel curcumin derivatives and further
evaluation of these compounds for possible antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties along with inhibitory
effect against two carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as these enzymes
are therapeutic targets for attenuation of postprandial hyperglycemia.

Methods:

Therefore, curcumin-based pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and identified
using an instrumental technique like NMR spectroscopy and then screened for antioxidant and enzyme
inhibitory potential. Total antioxidant activity, reducing power assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-
picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging activity were done to appraise the antioxidant potential of
these compounds in vitro.

Results:

Compounds L6-L9 showed higher antioxidant activity while L4, L9, L12 and especially L8
exhibited the best selectivity index (lowest α-amylase/α-glucosidase inhibition ratio).

Conclusion:

These antioxidant inhibitors may be potential anti-diabetic drugs, not only to reduce glycemic
index but also to limit the activity of the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing pathways.
Structure-Based Virtual Screening of New Benzoic Acid Derivatives as Trypanosoma cruzi Trans-sialidase Inhibitors
Authors: Vázquez-Jiménez Lenci Karina , Paz-González Alma Delia , Juárez-Saldivar Alfredo , Uhrig María Laura , Agusti Rosalía , Reyes-Arellano Alicia , Nogueda-Torres Benjamín , Rivera Gildardo
Published: May 2020

Background:

Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi represents a worldwide epidemiological, economic, and
social problem. In the last decades, the trans-sialidase enzyme of Trypanosoma cruzi has been considered an attractive target for the
development of new agents with potential trypanocidal activity.

Objective:

In this work, the aim was find new potential non-sugar trans-sialidase inhibitors using benzoic acid as a scaffold.

Method:

A structure-based virtual screening of the ZINC15 database was carried out. Additionally, the enzyme and trypanocidal activity of
the selected compounds was determined.

Results:

The results of this work detected 487 compounds derived from benzoic acid as potential transsialidase
inhibitors with a more promising binding energy value (< -7.7 kcal/mol) than the known inhibitor
2,3-dehydro-2-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid (DANA). In particular, two lead compounds, V1 and
V2, turned out to be promising trans-sialidase inhibitors. Even though the trypanocidal activity displayed
was low, these compounds showed trans-sialidase inhibition values of 87.6% and 29.6%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Structure-based virtual screening using a molecular docking approach is a useful method for the identification of new transsialidase inhibitors.
The Management of Hemorrhoidal Disease by Dearterialization and Mucopexy
Authors: De Simone Veronica , Litta Francesco , Parello Angelo , Campennì Paola , Orefice Raffaele , Marra Angelo Alessandro , Goglia Marta , Ratto Carlo
Published: May 2020

Several minimally invasive surgical procedures have been recently developed to treat hemorrhoids
without any excision. About 25 years ago, a non-excisional procedure providing doppler-
guided ligation of the hemorrhoidal arteries has been proposed - named “hemorrhoidal dearterialization”.
The original technique has been modified over the years, and indications were expanded.
In particular, a plication of the redundant and prolapsing mucosa/submucosa of the rectum
(named “mucopexy”) has been introduced to treat hemorrhoidal prolapse, without excision of the
hemorrhoidal piles. At present, the THD® Doppler procedure is one of the most used techniques to
treat hemorrhoids. Aim of this technique is to realize a target dearterialization, using a Doppler
probe with the final purpose to reduce the arterial overflow to the hemorrhoidal piles. In the case of
associated hemorrhoidal prolapse, a mucopexy is performed together with Doppler-guided dearterialization.
The entity and circumferential extension of the hemorrhoidal prolapse guide the mucopexy,
which can be considered tailored to a single patient; the dearterialization should be considered
mandatory. Advantages of this surgical technique are the absence of serious and life-threatening
postoperative events, chronic complications, and limited recurrence risks. The impact of the
procedure on the anorectal physiology is negligible. However, careful postoperative management
is mandatory to avoid complications and to guarantee an improved long-term outcome. Therefore,
regular physiologic bowel movements, excessive strain at the defecation and strong physical activity
are advisable.
Sacubitril-Valsartan Improves Anemia of Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS)
Authors: Robles Nicolás R. , Campillejo Rosa D. , Valladares Julian , de Vinuesa Elena G. , Villa Juan , Gervasini Guillermo
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims:

Anemia is a common complication of heart failure and Chronic
Kidney Disease (CKD). Sacubitril-valsartan is a novel therapy for the treatment of chronic Heart
Failure with a reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF). We have evaluated the short-term effects of sacubitril-
valsartan on the anemia of CRS.

Methods:

The study group comprised 39 patients with HFrEF, who were followed-up for three
months. The study is a retrospective analysis of clinical data. Data of 3 months’ and baseline visits
were recorded including plasmatic creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, cystatin C, kaliemia, haemoglobin,
pro-BNP, and albuminuria.

Results:

In all, 34 patients ended the follow-up. Mean sacubitril-valsartan dosage at baseline was 101
± 62 mg/day and 126 ± 59 mg/day at end. Mean hemoglobin increased from 12.2 ± 1.1 g/dl at baseline
to 12.9 ± 1.0 g/dl (p = 0.001,). Prevalence of anemia was 64.7% (95%CI, 47.9-78.5%) at baseline
and 38.4 (95%CI, 23.9-55.0%) after the follow-up (p = 0.016). Serum cystatin C levels decreased
from 2.71 ± 1.0 to 2.48 ± 1.0 mg/l (p = 0.028). Serum K levels remained unchanged (baseline
4.94 ± 0.60, three months visit 4.94 ± 0.61 mmol/l, p = 0.998).

Conclusions:

Sacubitril-valsartan improves anemia in CRS patients. An improvement in serum cystatin
levels was observed. Few untoward effects were detected. These findings should be confirmed in
wider clinical trials.
Persepsi Dan Minat Masyarkat Terhadap Asuransi Syariah Di Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Khumaini Sabik , Husein Muh Turizal
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Islamic insurance is an effort to protect each other and help among a number of people through investments in the form of assets or tabarru 'which provide a pattern of taking to face certain risks or dangers through a contract that is in accordance with sharia. This study aims to determine and analyze people's perceptions and interests in Islamic insurance in Tangerang Region.

The sampling technique uses purposive sampling method. The data used are primary data obtained based on respondents' answers to the questionnaire given. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis methods with the classic assumption test, descriptive analysis, t test (partial), F test (simultaneously), and coefficient test.

The results showed that partially the perception and interest variables of the community had a significant positive effect on islamic insurance. Furthermore, simultaneously the perception variable, and community interest have a significant positive effect on islamic insurance in Tangerang Region with a level of significance of less than 5%.

Keywords: insurance, Islamic, perception, interest

Abstrak

Asuransi syariah adalah usaha untuk saling melindungi dan tolong menolong diantara sejumlah orang yang melalui investasi dalam bentuk aset atau tabarru’ yang memberikan pola pengambilan untuk menghadapi risiko atau bahaya tertentu melalui akad yang sesuai dengan syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis persepsi dan minat masyarakat terhadap asuransi syariah di Kabupaten Tangerang.

Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh berdasarkan jawaban responden terhadap kuesioner yang diberikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda dengan uji asumsi klasik, analisis deskriptif, uji t (secara parsial), uji F (secara simultan), dan uji koefisien.  

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel persepsi dan minat masyarakat berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap asuransi syariah. Selanjutnya, secara simultan variabel persepsi, dan minat masyarakat berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap asuransi syariah di Kabupaten Tangerang dengan level of significance kurang dari 5%.

Kata kunci: Asuransi, Syariah, Persepsi, Minat
Impact of Online Information on Self-Isolation Intention During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Farooq Ali , Laato Samuli , Islam A K M Najmul
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, governments issued movement restrictions and placed areas into quarantine to combat the spread of the disease. In addition, individuals were encouraged to adopt personal health measures such as social isolation. Information regarding the disease and recommended avoidance measures were distributed through a variety of channels including social media, news websites, and emails. Previous research suggests that the vast amount of available information can be confusing, potentially resulting in overconcern and information overload.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigates the impact of online information on the individual-level intention to voluntarily self-isolate during the pandemic. Using the protection-motivation theory as a framework, we propose a model outlining the effects of cyberchondria and information overload on individuals’ perceptions and motivations.

METHODS

To test the proposed model, we collected data with an online survey (N=225) and analyzed it using partial least square-structural equation modeling. The effects of social media and living situation were tested through multigroup analysis.

RESULTS

Cyberchondria and information overload had a significant impact on individuals’ threat and coping perceptions, and through them on self-isolation intention. Among the appraisal constructs, perceived severity (P=.002) and self-efficacy (P=.003) positively impacted self-isolation intention, while response cost (P<.001) affected the intention negatively. Cyberchondria (P=.003) and information overload (P=.003) indirectly affected self-isolation intention through the aforementioned perceptions. Using social media as an information source increased both cyberchondria and information overload. No differences in perceptions were found between people living alone and those living with their families.

CONCLUSIONS

During COVID-19, frequent use of social media contributed to information overload and overconcern among individuals. To boost individuals’ motivation to adopt preventive measures such as self-isolation, actions should focus on lowering individuals’ perceived response costs in addition to informing them about the severity of the situation.
Automating the Generation of Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Reports: Proof-of-Concept Study Involving Seven Hospitals in Seven Countries (Preprint)
Authors: Lim Cherry , Miliya Thyl , Chansamouth Vilada , Aung Myint Thazin , Karkey Abhilasha , Teparrukkul Prapit , Rahul Batra , Lan Nguyen Phu Huong , Stelling John , Turner Paul , Ashley Elizabeth , van Doorn H Rogier , Lin Htet Naing , Ling Clare , Hinjoy Soawapak , Iamsirithaworn Sopon , Dunachie Susanna , Wangrangsimakul Tri , Hantrakun Viriya , Schilling William , Yen Lam Minh , Tan Le Van , Hlaing Htay Htay , Mayxay Mayfong , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Basnyat Buddha , Edgeworth Jonathan , Peacock Sharon J , Thwaites Guy , Day Nicholas PJ , Cooper Ben S , Limmathurotsakul Direk
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Reporting cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility testing data on a regular basis is crucial to inform antimicrobial resistance (AMR) action plans at local, national, and global levels. However, analyzing data and generating a report are time consuming and often require trained personnel.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop and test an application that can support a local hospital to analyze routinely collected electronic data independently and generate AMR surveillance reports rapidly.

METHODS

An offline application to generate standardized AMR surveillance reports from routinely available microbiology and hospital data files was written in the R programming language (R Project for Statistical Computing). The application can be run by double clicking on the application file without any further user input. The data analysis procedure and report content were developed based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (WHO GLASS). The application was tested on Microsoft Windows 10 and 7 using open access example data sets. We then independently tested the application in seven hospitals in Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam.

RESULTS

We developed the AutoMated tool for Antimicrobial resistance Surveillance System (AMASS), which can support clinical microbiology laboratories to analyze their microbiology and hospital data files (in CSV or Excel format) onsite and promptly generate AMR surveillance reports (in PDF and CSV formats). The data files could be those exported from WHONET or other laboratory information systems. The automatically generated reports contain only summary data without patient identifiers. The AMASS application is downloadable from https://www.amass.website/. The participating hospitals tested the application and deposited their AMR surveillance reports in an open access data repository.

CONCLUSIONS

The AMASS is a useful tool to support the generation and sharing of AMR surveillance reports.