bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediastinal Tuberculoma Mimicking Malignant Cardiac Tumor: A Case Report
Authors: Ding Yiqian , Li Wei , Liu Yanqiu , Ye Min , Cheng Liangping , Liu Donghong , Lin Hong , Yao Fengjuan
Published: September 2020

Background: The clinical manifestations of cardiac masses are diverse and lack specificity. Here we report a cardiac mass detected by transthoracic echocardiography. Multimodality imaging and pathological findings after the operation confirmed the mass as mediastinal tuberculoma.

Case presentation: A 45-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital reporting chest tightness, weight loss, and dyspnea for 3 months after exercise. Transthoracic echocardiography showed that there were a large number of pericardial effusions and a soft tissue mass measuring 7.7 cm × 4.5 cm in the upper mediastinum, which oppressed the right pulmonary artery and accelerated the blood flow of the left pulmonary artery. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography showed degenerative inhomogeneous high enhancement of and an unclear boundary in the mass. Contrast-enhanced chest CT revealed punctate and patchy calcification in and uneven enhancement of the mass and the lymph nodes around the aortic arch. The mass was diagnosed as a malignant mediastinal tumor. Pathological analysis of the mass revealed chronic granulomatous tuberculosis. The symptoms abated significantly after antituberculosis treatment. The patient remained asymptomatic during follow-up.

Conclusion: This report presents a rare case of mediastinal tuberculoma mimicking a malignant cardiac tumor. Multimodality imaging should be incorporated for differentiation of cardiac masses.
The Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus Plays a Significant Role in Locomotor Recovery after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Engmann Anne K. , Bizzozzero Flavio , Schneider Marc P. , Pfyffer Dario , Imobersteg Stefan , Schneider Regula , Hofer Anna-Sophie , Wieckhorst Martin , Schwab Martin E.
Published: September 2020

Traditionally, the brainstem has been seen as hardwired and poorly capable of plastic adaptations following spinal cord injury (SCI). Data acquired over the past decades, however, suggest differently: following SCI in various animal models (lamprey, chick, rodents, nonhuman primates), different forms of spontaneous anatomic plasticity of reticulospinal projections, many of them originating from the gigantocellular reticular nucleus (NRG), have been observed. In line with these anatomic observations, animals and humans with incomplete SCI often show various degrees of spontaneous motor recovery of hindlimb/leg function. Here, we investigated the functional relevance of two different modes of reticulospinal fiber growth after cervical hemisection, local rewiring of axotomized projections at the lesion site versus compensatory outgrowth of spared axons, using projection-specific, adeno-associated virus-mediated chemogenetic neuronal silencing. Detailed assessment of joint movements and limb kinetics during overground locomotion in female adult rats showed that locally rewired as well as compensatory NRG fibers were responsible for different aspects of recovered forelimb and hindlimb functions (i.e., stability, strength, coordination, speed, or timing). During walking and swimming, both locally rewired as well as compensatory NRG plasticity were crucial for recovered function, while the contribution of locally rewired NRG plasticity to wading performance was limited. Our data demonstrate comprehensively that locally rewired as well as compensatory plasticity of reticulospinal axons functionally contribute to the observed spontaneous improvement of stepping performance after incomplete SCI and are at least partially causative to the observed recovery of function, which can also be observed in human patients with spinal hemisection lesions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFollowing unilateral hemisection of the spinal cord, reticulospinal projections are destroyed on the injured side, resulting in impaired locomotion. Over time, a high degree of recovery can be observed in lesioned animals, like in human hemicord patients. In the rat, recovery is accompanied by pronounced spontaneous plasticity of axotomized and spared reticulospinal axons. We demonstrate the causative relevance of locally rewired as well as compensatory reticulospinal plasticity for the recovery of locomotor functions following spinal hemisection, using chemogenetic tools to selectively silence newly formed connections in behaviorally recovered animals. Moving from a correlative to a causative understanding of the role of neuroanatomical plasticity for functional recovery is fundamental for successful translation of treatment approaches from experimental studies to the clinics.
It Is All in the Right Amygdala: Increased Synaptic Plasticity and Perineuronal Nets in Male, But Not Female, Juvenile Rat Pups after Exposure to Early-Life Stress
Authors: Guadagno Angela , Verlezza Silvanna , Long Hong , Wong Tak Pan , Walker Claire-Dominique
Published: September 2020

Early-life stress (ELS) is associated with increased vulnerability to mental disorders. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays a critical role in fear conditioning and is extremely sensitive to ELS. Using a naturalistic rodent model of ELS, the limited bedding paradigm (LB) between postnatal days 1-10, we previously documented that LB male, but not female preweaning rat pups display increased BLA neuron spine density paralleled with enhanced evoked synaptic responses and altered BLA functional connectivity. Since ELS effects are often sexually dimorphic and amygdala processes exhibit hemispheric asymmetry, we investigated changes in synaptic plasticity and neuronal excitability of BLA neuronsin vitroin the left and right amygdala of postnatal days 22-28 male and female offspring from normal bedding or LB mothers. We report that LB conditions enhanced synaptic plasticity in the right, but not the left BLA of males exclusively. LB males also showed increased perineuronal net density, particularly around parvalbumin (PV) cells, and impaired fear-induced activity of PV interneurons only in the right BLA. Action potentials fired from right BLA neurons of LB females displayed slower maximal depolarization rates and decreased amplitudes compared with normal bedding females, concomitant with reduced NMDAR GluN1 subunit expression in the right BLA. In LB males, reduced GluA2 expression in the right BLA might contribute to the enhanced LTP. These findings suggest that LB differentially programs synaptic plasticity and PV/perineuronal net development in the left and right BLA. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that the effects of ELS exposure on BLA synaptic function are sexually dimorphic and possibly recruiting different mechanisms.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEarly-life stress (ELS) induces long-lasting consequences on stress responses and emotional regulation in humans, increasing vulnerability to the development of psychopathologies. The effects of ELS in a number of brain regions, including the amygdala, are often sexually dimorphic, and have been reproduced using the rodent limited bedding paradigm of early adversity. The present study examines sex differences in synaptic plasticity and cellular activation occurring in the developing left and right amygdala after limited bedding exposure, a phenomenon that could shape long-term emotional behavioral outcomes. Studying how ELS selectively produces effects in one amygdala hemisphere during a critical period of brain development could guide further investigation into sex-dependent mechanisms and allow for more targeted and improved treatment of stress-and emotionality-related disorders.
Russia’s Recolonization of Crimea
Authors: Charron Austin
Published: September 2020

Drawing from over a decade of experience researching Crimean identities, the author highlights key developments and transformations from the past six years of Russian occupation to show how the annexation of Crimea represents not a “reunification,” as the Kremlin claims, but rather a recolonization. Promises of economic gains have not been met, and liberties have been restricted. The Crimean Tatars have suffered most of all; in a reprise of their forced displacement under Stalin, many have gone into exile on the Ukrainian mainland.
Catastrophe and Denial in Belarus
Authors: Marples David R.
Published: September 2020

The long-ruling president has manipulated World War II history and downplayed the lasting effects of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. His similarly dismissive approach to the pandemic provided a spark for an unprecedented election challenge and popular resistance.
Reconstructing the Sacred Experience at the Sanctuary of Hekate at Lagina
Authors: Herring Amanda
Published: September 2020

In Reconstructing the Sacred Experience at the Sanctuary of Hekate at Lagina, Amanda Herring traces aspects of ancient worshippers’ experience at this Hellenistic sanctuary. As the sanctuary was located 10 kilometers outside the closest city, Stratonikeia, most visitors would have traveled to Lagina only when they participated in state-sponsored festivals. Lagina represents the only monumental temple dedicated to Hekate and the only site at which the goddess had a central role in the local pantheon. The rites and rituals practiced there were thus unique to the site and required a specific type of architectural framework. Drawing on theories of cultural biography and experiential architecture, Herring argues that the complex’s architectural design and sculpted decoration conveyed an intricate yet cohesive message of political and cultural alliances, a message made accessible via ritualized experience of the space.
Working with interpreters: An important skill for medical students
Authors: MacDonald Sonja , Blake Kim
Published: September 2020

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ETİK İKLİMİN BOYUTLARI VE TÜRLERİ: ETİK ALT İKLİMLERİN BELİRLENMESİ VE ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIĞA ETKİLERİ
Authors: SEZGİLİ Konuralp , EFEOĞLU İbrahim Efe
Published: September 2020

Günümüz iş dünyasında yaşanan gelişmeler dikkate alındığında etik iklimin örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek oldukça önemlidir. Bu bakımdan çalışmanın amacı, Victor ve Cullen tarafından geliştirilen etik iklim tipolojisinin benzer örgütsel yapılarda farklılaşmasını ve olası kümelerin bağımlı değişken olarak seçilen örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde etkisini incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda, özel bankalarda çalışan beyaz yakalı personelden anket yöntemiyle veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, örneklemin tipolojideki kuramsal ve deneysel farklılıklara ilişkin uluslararası ve ulusal yazınla uyumlu dört faktörlü bir yapı gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Dört faktörlü yapının farklılaşmasını tespit etmek üzere kümeleme analizi uygulanmış ve bu yapıda iki farklı etik alt iklim kümesinin (profesyonel iklim, pragmatik iklim) varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak, etik alt iklimlerin örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiş, profesyonel iklimin örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğu, pragmatik iklimin ise örgütsel bağlılığı açıklayamadığı ortaya konmuştur.
SOSYAL MEDYA KULLANIMININ İNSAN KAYNAKLARI FONKSİYONLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ENGİN BAYKAL İlke , BAYARÇELİK Ebru Beyza
Published: September 2020

Son yıllarda, sosyal medyanın hızlı evrimi, insan kaynakları fonksiyonlarını çeşitli şekillerde etkilemiştir. Bu çalışma, sosyal medya kullanımının insan kaynakları fonksiyonlarına etkisini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda insan kaynakları yönetimi ve sosyal medya arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen güncel literatür incelenmiştir. Bugün sosyal medyanın işletmelere olan etkilerini ölçmek giderek daha önemli hale gelmiştir. İşletmenin hedef kitlesi nezdinde nasıl algılandığını öğrenme ve ölçme çabaları, özellikle kuruma olumlu bir imaj vermeye çalışan insan kaynakları profesyonelleri için yararlı bir adım olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma, enerji, havacılık, danışmanlık, lojistik, gıda, inşaat, iş makineleri, savunma sanayi, sigorta, hızlı tüketim sektörlerinde çalışan, insan kaynakları yöneticilerinin katıldığı nitel bir araştırma olarak kurgulanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan yöneticilerle mülakat yapılmış ve katılımcılara 20 açık uçlu sorudan oluşan yapılandırılmış bir anket uygulanmıştır. Katılımcılara yöneltilen mülakat sorularından elde edilen bilgilere göre; sosyal medyanın, incelenen insan kaynakları fonksiyonlarına çeşitli etkileri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İnsan kaynaklarında sosyal medya kullanımının insan kaynakları fonksiyonlarından en çok işveren markası oluşturma, seçme ve yerleştirme fonksiyonlarına olumlu yönde etki ettiği gözlemlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda insan kaynakları fonksiyonlarında sosyal medya kullanımı işletmeler için rekabet avantajı yaratmada kritik rol oynadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
GÖNÜLLÜ HİZMETLERDE VİCDANÎ ZEKÂNIN YAŞAM TATMİNİ VE İŞ PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: ESKİŞEHİR AKUT ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: URGAN Suzan
Published: September 2020

Çalışma literatüre yeni kazandırılmış bir kavram olan vicdanî zekânın örgütsel alandaki yerini ve etkisini saptayabilmek için vicdanî zekâ ile yaşam tatmini ve iş performansı arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın amacına uygun olacağı düşünülen ve gönüllülük esası ile faaliyet göstermekte olan Eskişehir Arama Kurtarma Derneği (AKUT) üyeleri arasından basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi yoluyla seçilen 50 AKUT gönüllüsü araştırma örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler SPPS paket programın 22. versiyonu ile analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcıların vicdanî zekâlarının yaşam tatmini ve iş performansına etkisi regresyon analizi ile yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonuncunda Akut çalışanlarının vicdanî zekâ düzeyleri ile görev performansları ve bağlamsal performansları arasında pozitif bir ilişki ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Yaşam tatmin düzeyleri arasında ise bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Akut çalışanlarının vicdanî zekâları ile yapmış oldukları gönüllü faaliyetlerin gönüllü faaliyetler dışında yapmış oldukları olağan işlerinde performans artışına neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
DUYGUSAL ZEKÂ VE ÖRGÜTSEL VATANDAŞLIK DAVRANIŞI İLİŞKİSİNDE LİDERLİĞİN ARACILIK ROLÜ
Authors: KURUŞCU Mehmet , YENİLMEZ Özlem
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada, duygusal zekâ ile örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı arasındaki ilişkide liderliğin aracılık rolünün belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında özel bir okulun İstanbul-Anadolu yakasındaki 11 okulunda görev yapan öğretmenler içerisinden anketi cevaplayan 295 öğretmene ilişkin veriler kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, dönüşümcü liderliğin ve etkileşimci liderlik koşullu ödüllendirme davranışının; duygusal zekâ ile örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışının diğerkamlık boyutu arasındaki ilişkide tam aracılık rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Duygusal zekâ ile örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı (genel), vicdanlılık, nezaket, centilmenlik, sivil erdem boyutları arasındaki ilişkide dönüşümcü liderliğin kısmi aracılık rolü olduğu bulunmuştur. Duygusal zekâ ile örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı (genel), vicdanlılık, nezaket, centilmenlik boyutları arasındaki ilişkide etkileşimci liderliğin koşullu ödüllendirme davranışının kısmi aracılık rolü olduğu, sivil erdem boyutu ile arasındaki ilişkide ise aracılık rolünün olmadığı bulunmuştur.
VOLATILITY TRANSMISSION BETWEEN US ECONOMIC POLICY UNCERTAINTY AND BIST (BORSA ISTANBUL) MAJOR SECTOR INDICES
Authors: KOCAARSLAN Barış
Published: September 2020

The significant effects of global economic policy uncertainties on world markets have been revealed in the related literature recently. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the volatility interaction (the causality in variance relationship) between uncertainty in US economic policies and BIST (Borsa Istanbul) major sector indices (financial, industrial, and technology indices). To satisfy this purpose, the causality in variance approach proposed by Hafner and Herwartz (2006) is utilized. The findings of the implemented volatility model show that the US economic policy uncertainty and BIST (Borsa Istanbul) major sector indices are strongly influenced by long-term volatility. According to the main findings of the causality invariance test, it is observed that there are significant and robust volatility transmissions from the US economic policy uncertainty to the BIST significant sector returns (financial, industrial, and technology sector returns). The test findings indicate that the BIST significant sector returns are quite sensitive to shocks in the US economic policy uncertainty. The results of the analysis present considerable implications for market participants in terms of developing effective economic policies and constructing optimal portfolios.
ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 TEKNOLOJİK OLGUNLUK DÜZEYİNİN ANALİTİK HİYERARŞİ PROSESİ İLE MODELLENMESİ: GIDA VE İÇECEK İMALAT SEKTÖRÜ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: SARI Tuğba
Published: September 2020

Endüstri 4.0 dönüşümü, bileşenlerini oluşturan temel teknolojiler ile imalat sanayine, mevcut operasyonları ve süreçleri kökten değiştirecek yenilikler getirmektedir. Gıda ve içecek imalat sektöründe beklenen başlıca değişimler, artan verimlilik;  artan gıda güvenliği; yüksek gıda kalitesi ve azalan atık miktarı olarak sıralanabilir. İşletmelerin Endüstri 4.0’dan elde edeceği faydayı maksimuma çıkarmak için, uygulamaların ölçülebilir ve karşılaştırılabilir olması gerekir. Endüstri 4.0 olgunluk modelleri dönüşüm sürecinde standartlaştırma ve karşılaştırma için önemli göstergeler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada temel Endüstri 4.0 teknolojilerinin kullanımını Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi yöntemi ile değerlendiren, sektöre özel bir olgunluk modeli önerilmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre gıda ve içecek imalat sektörü için en önemli teknolojiler Otonom Robotlar ve Siber Güvenlik olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu iki teknolojiyi, sırasıyla Büyük Veri Analitiği ve Eklemeli İmalat Sistemleri takip etmektedir. Çalışmada bir Endüstri 4.0 olgunluk ölçeği sunulmuş olup, örnek uygulama ile gıda imalatçısı bir işletmenin bu ölçek üzerinden Endüstri 4.0 olgunluğu hesaplanmıştır.
Challenges in the management of chronic hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Zavatta Guido , Clarke Bart L
Published: September 2020

The first adjunctive hormone therapy for chronic hypoparathyroidism, recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1–84) (rhPTH(1–84)) was approved by the FDA in January 2015. Since the approval of rhPTH(1–84), growing interest has developed in other agents to treat this disorder in both the scientific community and among pharmaceutical companies. For several reasons, conventional therapy with calcium and activated vitamin D supplementation, magnesium supplementation as needed, and occasionally thiazide-type diuretic therapy remains the mainstay of treatment, while endocrinologists and patients are constantly challenged by limitations of conventional treatment. Serum calcium fluctuations, increased urinary calcium, hyperphosphatemia, and a constellation of symptoms that limit mental and physical functioning are frequently associated with conventional therapy. Understanding how conventional treatment and hormone therapy work in terms of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is key to effectively managing chronic hypoparathyroidism. Multiple questions remain regarding the effectiveness of PTH adjunctive therapy in preventing or slowing the onset and progression of the classical complications of hypoparathyroidism, such as chronic kidney disease, calcium-containing kidney stones, cataracts, or basal ganglia calcification. Several studies point toward an improvement in the quality of life during replacement therapy. This review will discuss current clinical and research challenges posed by treatment of chronic hypoparathyroidism.

Key points:

Conventional therapy with calcium and activated forms of vitamin D are currently the mainstays of treatment for most patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism.

Hormone therapy can be administered through FDA-approved once-daily rhPTH(1–84), or off-label multiple-daily injections of teriparatide. The former is the only FDA-approved drug, with safety and efficacy supported by a randomized placebo-controlled trial and open-label long-term extension trial data.

Twice-daily teriparatide has been used in children safely for up to 10 years.

New pharmacological options that replace the deficient hormone wi
ll likely be available within the next few years.
The Conserved ASCL1/MASH-1 Ortholog HLH-3 Specifies Sex-Specific Ventral Cord Motor Neuron Fate inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Perez Lillian M , Alfonso Aixa
Published: September 2020

Neural specification is regulated by one or many transcription factors that control expression of effector genes that mediate function and determine neuronal type. Here we identify a novel role for one conserved proneural factor, the bHLH protein HLH-3, implicated in the specification of sex-specific ventral cord motor neurons in C. elegans. Proneural genes act in early stages of neurogenesis in early progenitors, but here, we demonstrate a later role for hlh-3. First, we document that differentiation of the ventral cord type C motor neuron class (VC) within their neuron class, is dynamic in time and space. Expression of VC class-specific and subclass-specific identity genes is distinct through development and is dependent on the VC position along the A-P axis and their proximity to the vulva. Our characterization of the expression of VC class and VC subclass-specific differentiation markers in the absence of hlh-3 function reveals that VC fate specification, differentiation, and morphology requires hlh-3 function. Finally, we conclude that hlh-3 cell-autonomously specifies VC cell fate.
Identification and Characterization of Breakpoints and Mutations onDrosophila melanogasterBalancer Chromosomes
Authors: Miller Danny E , Kahsai Lily , Buddika Kasun , Dixon Michael J , Kim Bernard Y , Calvi Brian R , Sokol Nicholas S , Hawley R Scott , Cook Kevin R
Published: September 2020

Balancers are rearranged chromosomes used in Drosophila melanogaster to maintain deleterious mutations in stable populations, preserve sets of linked genetic elements and construct complex experimental stocks. Here, we assess the phenotypes associated with breakpoint-induced mutations on commonly used third chromosome balancers and show remarkably few deleterious effects. We demonstrate that a breakpoint in p53 causes loss of radiation-induced apoptosis and a breakpoint in Fucosyltransferase A causes loss of fucosylation in nervous and intestinal tissue—the latter study providing new markers for intestinal cell identity and challenging previous conclusions about the regulation of fucosylation. We also describe thousands of potentially harmful mutations shared among X or third chromosome balancers, or unique to specific balancers, including an Ankyrin 2 mutation present on most TM3 balancers, and reiterate the risks of using balancers as experimental controls. We used long-read sequencing to confirm or refine the positions of two inversions with breakpoints lying in repetitive sequences and provide evidence that one of the inversions, In(2L)Cy, arose by ectopic recombination between foldback transposon insertions and the other, In(3R)C, cleanly separates subtelomeric and telomeric sequences and moves the subtelomeric sequences to an internal chromosome position. In addition, our characterization of In(3R)C shows that balancers may be polymorphic for terminal deletions. Finally, we present evidence that extremely distal mutations on balancers can add to the stability of stocks whose purpose is to maintain homologous chromosomes carrying mutations in distal genes. Overall, these studies add to our understanding of the structure, diversity and effectiveness of balancer chromosomes.
Efficient Algorithms for Calculating Epistatic Genomic Relationship Matrices
Authors: Jiang Yong , Reif Jochen C
Published: September 2020

The genomic relationship matrix plays a key role in the analysis of genetic diversity, genomic prediction, and genome-wide association studies. The epistatic genomic relationship matrix is a natural generalization of the classic genomic relationship matrix in the sense that it implicitly models the epistatic effects among all markers. Calculating the exact form of the epistatic relationship matrix requires high computational load, and is hence not feasible when the number of markers is large, or when high-degree of epistasis is in consideration. Currently, many studies use the Hadamard product of the classic genomic relationship matrix as an approximation. However, the quality of the approximation is difficult to investigate in the strict mathematical sense. In this study, we derived iterative formulas for the precise form of the epistatic genomic relationship matrix for arbitrary degree of epistasis including both additive and dominance interactions. The key to our theoretical results is the observation of an interesting link between the elements in the genomic relationship matrix and symmetric polynomials, which motivated the application of the corresponding mathematical theory. Based on the iterative formulas, efficient recursive algorithms were implemented. Compared with the approximation by the Hadamard product, our algorithms provided a complete solution to the problem of calculating the exact epistatic genomic relationship matrix. As an application, we showed that our new algorithms easily relieved the computational burden in a previous study on the approximation behavior of two limit models.
¿Qué es la bioética?
Authors: Rodríguez Allen Ana
Published: September 2020

As we will see in this essay, the decision of the Constitutional Chamber on in vitro fertilization was the spark that awakened the public about what is correct and what is not correct in the biomedical field and revealed trends in this discussion. In the case of the national press, only one vision was shown, that of paternalistic medical ethics. And above all, they began to speak of a new field of knowledge called bioethics, but a bioethics with a Costa Rican matrix, which left critical bioethics aside, whose approach shows a new vision that shakes the traditional paradigm of classical medicine.
De la arqueología a la epistemología de la danza escénica en Costa Rica
Authors: Avila Aguilar Marta
Published: September 2020

This article aims to start a path towards the epistemology of Costa Rican dance since at this time, we consider that a large number of choreographic works have been performed during the 20th century. The national dancers have reached a good level in their corporal executions. It is time to give contributions from another side of the issue.
"La herencia de Matilde Arcángel": una lectura de angustia invasora
Authors: Vargas Lorena
Published: September 2020

The short story "La herencia Matilde Arcángel" by Juan Rulfo is told by a narrator: Tranquilino Herrera, a muleteer who plays various roles: narrating the story and being a participant in it occupying the space of a character: El Compadre and Matilde's suitor Archangel.
El espacio como pedagogía
Authors: Pacheco Xenia
Published: September 2020

The ideas that I present in turn have their theoretical support, especially in the approaches of geography of perception and gender, and its empirical reference constitutes the spatial configuration of a house that belongs to a middle-class family in one of the cities of the Central Valley of Costa Rica.
La historia del currículum en la investigación histórico-educativa actual
Authors: Freixo Mariño María Xosé
Published: September 2020

Curriculum is a broad concept that is not limited only to the content level but also includes the methodologies to be used, the sequence of actions related to the teaching-learning process, and their evaluation. It includes an educational philosophy as a supportive element, some values, objectives, teaching strategies, spaces, resources, and many other aspects of the curriculum, about which there is little research.
Mitos y realidades de la "igualdad de oportunidades"
Authors: Zúñiga Chaves Enriqueta
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this article is to reflect on the situation experienced by all students who are pursuing a university degree and have special needs associated with a disability. We want to pay special attention to the contribution that the university should make in this training process so that students acquire their most specific professional skills.
Educar en la solidaridad
Authors: Cordero Gerardo
Published: September 2020

There are three topics that will be presented in this essay: Is the expression of solidarity synonymous with charity or does it connote new elements?, the ethical foundation of solidarity, and the pedagogical issue of experiencing solidarity.
Constructivismo y aprendizaje de un idioma extranjero
Authors: D'Antoni Maurizia
Published: September 2020

Understanding the process of teaching and learning a foreign language requires the support of two traditional positions in the broad constructivist framework: The biological aspect, which is concerned with pointing out the biological roots and the processing of linguistic information or the social aspect, which is more focused on the clarification of the student-teacher roles, of the teachers, of the institution within teaching (Klinger & Vadillo, 2000).
Comunidades virtuales de aprendizaje: una herramienta para fomentar la inclusión en la enseñanza del inglés desde la contextualización curricular
Authors: Jiménez Porras Karla , Jiménez Porras Vanessa
Published: September 2020

In Costa Rica, English teaching and learning have been considered a priority for decades, in order to help students face life and work situations which require an average command of English, with the desire that this preparation will allow them to participate actively into the challenges of the global economy. However, traditional teaching methods for language learning are implemented in the classrooms, limiting the acquisition of communicative skills in the students, which is more noticeable when those with Special Learning Needs walk into the regular classrooms. Inclusive practices become a must to promote every student’s success. A virtual learning community for teachers becomes a feasible tool to offer teachers with training to cater for the needs of those students.
Experiencias en la formación inicial de la carrera de la Enseñanza del Español de la UNA: un diálogo necesario entre formador y formadores
Authors: Aguirre Chaves Marlene
Published: September 2020

This essay describes experiences that the author has in the initial education of students taking the major of Spanish Teaching at “Universidad Nacional.” In so doing, the essayist has considered the existence of three great phases, initial, intermediate, and final. In each of them, the characteristics of the students under training are posed. Thus, various stages in the training of pre-service teachers are considered. The first stage deals with the knowledge that is to be taught, the second stage deals with the values and attitudes of the profession, and the third one deals with classroom practices. In each of these stages, integrative and gradual processes take place. From another perspective, the author describes the academic profile that university faculty must have in teacher education processes and establishes a difference between faculty that teach a discipline and faculty that educate teachers. The latter, in addition to teaching a discipline, have pedagogical training. Finally, the author describes a desirable profile for a Spanish teacher by using input provided by students taking the course DEY 458,  “Desafíos Didácticos de la Práctica Docente,” for the major of Spanish Teaching in 2014.
El perfil tecnológico de un profesor de idiomas en México: una revisión de estándares
Authors: Borromeo García César Augusto
Published: September 2020

Standardization is a process that has been increasing in the past years because of globalization. English Language Teaching is ruled by standardization and uniformization of processes and knowledge. It is possible to find topics related to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) among these knowledge and processes. Nevertheless, measuring different contexts with different conditions with the same considerations is a process that many consider incorrect. In this paper, a selection of international standards regarding ICT in English Language Teaching is proposed. First, background of the Mexican context is presented. Next, the process of comparison and the description of the selected literature is shown. Finally, a suggestion of adequate standards for the Mexican context is presented.
Reflexionado sobre la ética: ética y moral en la investigación educativa
Authors: Mamani-Huanca Jorge Luis
Published: September 2020

Speaking about ethics in research is more confusing than determining whether an action is unethical or moral. Usually, we use concepts derived from religion, social customs, linguistics, and philosophy. The topic of ethics in research is so important that it concerns us all and it is not restricted to anyone. The lack of analysis, discussion and research about "ethics" and "morality" in connection with Educational research increases the confusion and ignorance. We are going to try to clarify this in this essay from a philosophical perspective.
Reflexiones sobre el posconflicto: Aprendizaje de la historia
Authors: Romero Ospina Fernando Arturo
Published: September 2020

This essay intends to reflect on how to make the learning of the political history of Colombia at school in the post-conflict scenario to encourage a reconciliation process. To do this, we will see how history has had various definitions which have been present in the school teaching fulfilling a social and political role in the construction of an identity and official memory. However, in the post conflict scenario, the school, as a socially recognized center, must facilitate a process of revision of the history of Colombian society to understand the events and origins of the current conflict so that a lasting reconciliation allows the actors of the conflict to express their points of view, and the effects of war do not cause a new conflict.
Gestión de la diversidad: Aportes para un liderazgo inclusivo
Authors: Jiménez Porras Karla , Jiménez Porras Vanessa
Published: September 2020

Diversity is a challenging reality. This essay aims to analyze characteristics present in inclusive schools, in order to address diversity, taking into consideration aspects directly related to school management. Some of these aspects are shared leadership, dialogic learning, collaborative work as an agent of school improvement, assertive communication, reformulating power relationships and the promotion of ethical values. At the same time, certain practices are considered to support the creation of an inclusive culture in order to positively influence context and society as a whole.
La metodología participativa para la intervención social: Reflexiones desde la práctica
Authors: Abarca Alpízar Flor
Published: September 2020

Participation is a strong human need resulting from people’s sense of being, having, and taking a place in the world. By promoting participation, we strengthen our transformation possibilities, both at a personal as well as at a collective level, generating growing levels of autonomy and independency to comprehensively improve life conditions. Participatory methodology for social intervention is closely related to all learning-process moments and it guarantees their effectiveness, unity, and completeness to carry out shared learning processes with real impact on the life of learners. The absence of a comprehensive methodological formulation leads us to exhaustion, to activism, to perform isolated and poorly effective processes and, in the worst case scenario, to invest human, economic and physical resources in projects of disincentive or low social impact. If we focus our concern only on conveying content in a pleasant way using the latest “educational technology” or techniques or “dynamics” without a comprehensive and participatory methodological process, we are promoting conformism, passiveness, and silence of learners, when they are exactly the individuals with whom we must achieve openness and confidence in a higher degree.
El liderazgo académico, comunicación asertiva y motivación
Authors: Ugalde Villalobos María Eugenia , Canales García Alba
Published: September 2020

This essay emphasizes that leadership is a key factor for improving academic performance. This is so because leadership sparks excitement, motivation, assertive communication, and it fosters teamwork among teachers, students, and the principal. Further, this essay explains how leadership is currently provided, why it is important, and how it relates to the educational context. Finally, it explains how assertive communication, listening, and motivation are related to academic leadership as these key elements for an improved academic management.
Territorio distante y Ensayos pedagógicos
Authors: Blanco Lidia
Published: September 2020

The reflection, analysis, criticism, and deepening of the different topics that are dealt with in our societies are an obligatory task if we want to remain lucid in the face of the permanent manipulation of these topics by the different powers.
Estudio de la pluma de sedimentos del Río San Juan
Authors: Ballestero Daniel
Published: September 2020

Proper management of the San Juan River Basin and its maritime-coastal zone is a responsibility shared by Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Despite the attempts in recent years to magnify the conflicts related to the San Juan River, driven by sectors on both sides of the border, it is imperative to develop collaboration between the two countries in order to mitigate degradation and develop a action plan for the management of the San Juan River Basin.
Aprendizaje y práctica de la violencia en la primera socialización
Authors: Lledó Pilar
Published: September 2020

Violence, which permeates all levels of the society in which we live, is undoubtedly a complex phenomenon; we cannot point out the specific causes that produce it. We can at best make an approach to different social, economic, political, cultural, and even genetic events, which have a decisive influence on the occurrence of violence.
Errando se aprende
Authors: Rodríguez Allen Ana
Published: September 2020

Following the Popperian thesis that science begins with problems and using the examples collected by Perelmán to discuss science and technology, I have had the possibility to verify the premises of critical constructivism through my own practice in the classroom over the years. This is the reflection proposed in this article that deals with the variety of reactions that the same example triggers in different audiences.
Centroamérica joven: valores democráticos en la generación de la posguerra
Authors: Rodríguez Florisabel , Castro Méndez Silvia
Published: September 2020

This article seeks to generate inputs for all those social sectors interested in understanding and promoting democratic culture in Central America. It focuses on a fundamental theme of political culture: the study of the values ​​of political equality, solidarity, and tolerance towards diversity.
En Costa Rica todos somos blancos y heterosexuales
Authors: Scharamm Christina
Published: September 2020

This article analyzes the processes of exclusion and marginalization because of heterocentrism, sexism, and racism, focused on the institutionalized educational system.
Buscando respuestas al reto de la diversidad desde la pedagogía crítica
Authors: Barberousse Paulette
Published: September 2020

Rethinking diversity is an imperative task that we must all engage in, bearing in mind that democratic space is conquered by accessing doubt, the oscillation of living permanently seeking an ever-elusive stability. Ultimately, it is a question of opposing the complaining adaptation to a creative maladjustment.
Los significados del alimento: caso del adulto mayor Gerotrancendencia y alimentación: Propuesta de un modelo teórico denominado Gero-alimento-terapia Bsado en las etapas de desarrollo psicosocial de Erick Erikson
Authors: Sedó Masís Patricia , De Mezerville Gastón
Published: September 2020

Talking about food and eating is talking about life, human history through a daily activity that, beyond obtaining the substances required to live, is one of the main tasks by means of which human beings manage to satisfy and manifest their feelings, emotions and traditions, their culture; it is enjoying a certain quality of life.
Rubén Darío y Claude Debussy. La catedral sumergida y la Sinfonía en gris mayor
Authors: Rojas González José Manuel
Published: September 2020

This paper's main purpose is to establish a link between the poetic work of a writer and the composition of a musician. Can you work with literature and music and create a link between them? It is a question that has been asked frequently and which we will try to answer affirmatively.
Aproximaciones teóricas y reflexiones prácticas: la pedagogía como disciplina humana
Authors: González Francisco
Published: September 2020

The pedagogical practices developed by teachers and students have, most frequently, faced new challenges, especially when it comes to explaining, with a critical sense, certain social expressions and emerging demands that arise within educational settings; hence, there is a need to expand the traditional theoretical references that until now have given meaning to education and pedagogy and promote "a new reflection" in light of the new historical-cultural, political, and school contexts in particular.
¿Sociedad de conocimientos o culturas de saber?
Authors: Mendez Mario
Published: September 2020

The following pages present a critical approach to the claim to understand education from its adjustment to the so-called "knowledge society," "information society" or "learning society," all of which are categories frequently used to describe the type of production of wealth corresponding to post-industrial society.
Reflexiones sobre pensamiento crítico en educación a partir de los planteamientos de McLaren, Giroux, Castells y Macedo
Authors: Meza Cascante Luis Gerardo
Published: September 2020

This article presents a critical analysis based on the Giroux and McLaren works. It is oriented to establish the different practices that have been used in the teachers' formtion through behaviorist and constructivist approaches. This authors' analysis can help readers to clarify their ideological position.
El alma del barrio
Authors: Madrigal Vindas Ingrid
Published: September 2020

This article deals with the memories and yearnings of a "neighborhood." This approach helps to develop a personal reflection on the socio-cultural changes -the way of living- that have happened in the Costa Rican society in the last half of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first.
La (re)construcción de las identidades en la música popular andina en Perú: un campo de disputa y negociación cultural
Authors: Pineau Fanny , Mora R. Andrés
Published: September 2020

This paper analyzes the construction and transformation of the cultural identities in Peru: a complex, multidimensional, conflicting, and dynamic process in  which local, national, global, polítical, and historical referents that involve individual and collective subjects fight for hegemony. The Andes regional folk music is one of the scenarios that offer the biggest and richest elements in cultural identity studies.
Classroom interaction and language learning among boys in coed and single-sex contexts
Authors: Rojas Alfaro Roberto Enrique
Published: September 2020

This paper will address the differences and similarities in EFL interactive patterns of boys' learning in gender specific learning environments. The presentation will explore the findings of observational research conducted in coeducational and single-sex classrooms in two secondary schools in Costa Rica, namely Yorkin and New Hope schools. Data collection included class observation, interviews, surveys, questionnaires, photo ethnography and artifacts. The results revealed that boys in both contexts actually learn and behave similarly regardless of the gender specific learning environment in which they were immersed. They evidenced preference for kinesthetic, cognitive learning styles and task-oriented learning. Besides suggesting the need for school changes, the sudy brings out implications for teachers to adapt teaching strategies to acommodate their boys' learning styles.
Affective filter influence on students' initiating the b.a. english major at the Universidad Nacional, Chorotega branch in Nicoya, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Dover Yendry
Published: September 2020

Affective filter is a commoly accepted component in foreign language learning for adults, are internalized emotional barriers frequently established by learners as a way of psychologically protecting them when confronting the challenge of producing the target language Krashen (1987). With this natural defense mechanism is attempting to help the individuals from damaging their egos, it is in fact counter-productive to the language learning process. This qualitative study explores and describes the negative impact of affective filters in a group of entrance level, young adult students at the Universidad Nacional, Chorotega Branch campus in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. In addition, it tests some strategies in lowering the affective filter in this particular group. The results showed that there was a significant impact in how affective filter delimit the learning process and the need for professionals in the field of language learning to address this issue especially in the beginning of the language acquisition process.
Globalización: no hay señal en la montaña
Authors: Ureña García Óscar
Published: September 2020

The neoliberal development model and the globalization process have permed our Costa Rican society causingthat welfare state policies from half of the XX century disappear. Nowadays, even in the farthest place beingmeans having as it is shown in this chronicle.
La incorporación de las TIC en la enseñanza: Aulas Hermanas un proyecto colaborativo en el ámbito latinoamericano
Authors: Ballestero Rojas Jorge Alberto
Published: September 2020

Since the year 2008, the Ministry of Public Education has promoted the participation of teachers and students in the collaborative project called “Aulas Hermanas,” an experience called for by “Red Latinoamericana de Portales Educativos” (RELPE, for its acronym in Spanish). This article attempts to visualize the link of this experience with the methodology of a collaborative project and its development from the experience of Costa Rican teachers and students in “Aulas Hermanas.” Likewise, this article visualizes which the scope of that methodology is in the implementation of collaborative work in peer groups.
La práctica del judo como una modulación del autoconcepto, la autoestima y el rendimiento escolar de los estudiantes de primer ciclo de educación primaria
Authors: Da Silva Batista Marco Alexandre , Cubo Delgado Sixto
Published: September 2020

This study aimed at relating the general practice of judo to the development of self-concept, self-esteem, and school performance in children of the first cycle of primary school education. We worked with a sample of 531 Portuguese students, with an age mean of 9.13 years old, ranging from a minimum of 8 and a maximum of 10 years old. Out of this sample, 394 students (74%) do at least one formal extracurricular physical activity, and 96 students (24%) practice judo with an experience ranging between 9 months and five years. As an instrument for data collection, we used the Scale of Self-concept by Susan Harter validated for Portuguese population (Martins, Peixoto, Mata, & Monteiro, 1995). Also, school performances have been recorded. Discussion groups with judo coaches and parents were held in order to find out opinions and arguments about the practice of judo and its importance and connection to self-concept, self-esteem, and school performance. Apparently, the results show that students' practice of judo promotes a significant evolution in the development of self-concept and academic achievement, and also they suggest an evolutionary trend in positive self-esteem in students who practice judo.