bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tirofiban-induced diffuse alveolar haemorrhage
Authors: Sebastian Bryan , Ganesan Vijayan , Sebastian Placid
Published: August 2024

A middle-aged man presented with inferior wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention with tirofiban administered due to extensive thrombus. He developed sudden-onset dyspnoea, bilateral crepitations, haemoptysis, desaturation and hypotension an hour after starting tirofiban infusion. The tirofiban, antiplatelet medications and heparin were stopped immediately. Chest X-ray showed patchy opacities in the left upper, middle and lower zones. High-resolution CT showed confluent areas of consolidation with surrounding ground glass opacities and interlobular septal thickening (crazy pavement appearance) representing diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH). He was managed with inotropes, non-invasive ventilation and intravenous furosemide. He was asymptomatic with complete resolution of lung opacities in chest X-ray done 2 months follow-up. DAH is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication which is often misidentified with other respiratory syndromes. Treatment includes stopping tirofiban and anticoagulant medication, blood transfusion, and institution of mechanical ventilation.
Fully laparoscopic distal splenic pancreatectomy with prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (with video)
Authors: Vicente Emilio , Quijano Yolanda , Caruso Riccardo , Ferri Valentina
Published: August 2024

Peritoneal involvement represents one of the major difficulties that arise during the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In fact, currently, there is a growing interest in the administration of intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) as an adjunct to surgical pancreatic resection, both with prophylactic or therapeutic intent. With this video, we report a case of pancreatic body adenocarcinoma treated with fully laparoscopic distal splenic pancreatectomy with intraoperative HIPEC with gemcitabine, administered initially with a prophylactic intent, based on a preliminary negative peritoneal washing cytology result. In our case, the association of HIPEC and surgical resection did not affect the postoperative recovery, and after 15 months of follow-up, the patient remains alive and has no signs of disease recurrence.
Atypical presentation of spontaneous splenic rupture secondary to Epstein–Barr virus infection
Authors: Philip Naveen , Ali Thoufeer , Rahman Mohammad Ashiqur , Cowell Richard
Published: August 2024

We present a case of atraumatic splenic rupture secondary to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in a woman in her early 50s. The patient initially presented with sepsis secondary to pneumonia but then developed abdominal pain and distension. CT revealed splenic rupture with a significant perisplenic hematoma. Laboratory tests confirmed an EBV infection. Owing to frailty, she underwent fluoroscopy-guided splenic artery embolisation. This case highlights the rare risk of splenic rupture following EBV infection, even in the absence of typical symptoms of infectious mononucleosis.
Ethnic differences in the manifestation of early-onset type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kibirige Davis , Katte Jean-Claude , Hill Anita V , Sekitoleko Isaac , Lumu William , Knupp Julieanne , Squires Steven , Hattersley Andrew T , Smeeth Liam , Jones Angus G , Nyirenda Moffat J
Published: August 2024

Introduction

We undertook phenotypic characterization of early-onset and late-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adult black African and white European populations with recently diagnosed T2D to explore ethnic differences in the manifestation of early-onset T2D.

Research design and methods

Using the Uganda Diabetes Phenotype study cohort of 500 adult Ugandans and the UK StartRight study cohort of 714 white Europeans with recently diagnosed islet autoantibody-negative T2D, we compared the phenotypic characteristics of participants with early-onset T2D (diagnosed at <40 years) and late-onset T2D (diagnosed at ≥40 years).

Results

One hundred and thirty-four adult Ugandans and 113 white Europeans had early-onset T2D. Compared with late-onset T2D, early-onset T2D in white Europeans was significantly associated with a female predominance (52.2% vs 39.1%, p=0.01), increased body mass index (mean (95% CI) 36.7 (35.2–38.1) kg/m2vs 33.0 (32.4–33.6) kg/m2, p<0.001), waist circumference (112.4 (109.1–115.6) cm vs 108.8 (107.6–110.1) cm, p=0.06), and a higher frequency of obesity (82.3% vs 63.4%, p<0.001). No difference was seen with the post-meal C-peptide levels as a marker of beta-cell function (mean (95% CI) 2130.94 (1905.12–2356.76) pmol/L vs 2039.72 (1956.52–2122.92), p=0.62).

In contrast, early-onset T2D in Ugandans was associated with less adiposity (mean (95% CI) waist circumference 93.1 (89.9–96.3) cm vs 97.4 (95.9–98.8) cm, p=0.006) and a greater degree of beta-cell dysfunction (120 min post-glucose load C-peptide mean (95% CI) level 896.08 (780.91–1011.24) pmol/L vs 1310.10 (1179.24–1440.95) pmol/L, p<0.001), without female predominance (53.0% vs 57.9%, p=0.32) and differences in the body mass index (mean (95% CI) 27.3 (26.2–28.4) kg/m2vs 27.9 (27.3–28.5) kg/m2, p=0.29).

Conclusions

These differences in the manifestation of early-onset T2D underscore the need for ethnic-specific and population-specific therapeutic and preventive approaches for the condition.
Reducing administrative burden by implementing a core set of quality indicators in the ICU: a multicentre longitudinal intervention study
Authors: Hesselink Gijs , Verhage Rutger , Westerhof Brigitte , Verweij Eva , Fuchs Malaika , Janssen Inge , van der Meer Catrien , van der Horst Iwan C C , de Jong Paul , van der Hoeven Johannes G , Zegers Marieke
Published: August 2024

Background

The number of quality indicators for which clinicians need to record data is increasing. For many indicators, there are concerns about their efficacy. This study aimed to determine whether working with only a consensus-based core set of quality indicators in the intensive care unit (ICU) reduces the time spent on documenting performance data and administrative burden of ICU professionals, and if this is associated with more joy in work without impacting the quality of ICU care.

Methods

Between May 2021 and June 2023, ICU clinicians of seven hospitals in the Netherlands were instructed to only document data for a core set of quality indicators. Time spent on documentation, administrative burden and joy in work were collected at three time points with validated questionnaires. Longitudinal data on standardised mortality rates (SMR) and ICU readmission rates were gathered from the Dutch National Intensive Care registry. Longitudinal effects and differences in outcomes between ICUs and between nurses and physicians were statistically tested.

Results

A total of 390 (60%), 291 (47%) and 236 (40%) questionnaires returned at T0, T1 and T2. At T2, the overall median time spent on documentation per day was halved by 30 min (p<0.01) and respondents reported fewer unnecessary and unreasonable administrative tasks (p<0.01). Almost one-third still experienced unnecessary administrative tasks. No significant changes over time were found in joy in work, SMR and ICU readmission.

Conclusions

Implementing a core set of quality indicators reduces the time ICU clinicians spend on documentation and administrative burden without negatively affecting SMR or ICU readmission rates. Time savings can be invested in patient care and improving joy in work in the ICU.
Community and multisector partner engagement in US Vision Zero plan development
Authors: Greer Sylvia , Combs, Tabitha , Naumann Rebecca B , Keefe Elyse , LaJeunesse Seth , Evenson Kelly R
Published: August 2024

Background

Vision Zero aims to eliminate serious and fatal road injuries using a Safe System approach. Safe System principles establish that safety is a shared responsibility; this involves both multisector partners and community engagement. This descriptive study explored multisector partners and community engagement in the development of municipal Vision Zero plans.

Methods

We reviewed all first edition Vision Zero plans published by US municipalities from 2014 to 2022. Using a structured coding tool, we abstracted partner involvement and community engagement strategies used in the development of Vision Zero plans.

Results

We identified, reviewed and abstracted 64 plans. The average number of partner groups per plan was 11.5 (12.0 for municipalities with a population ≥150 000; 10.1 for municipalities <150 000) and was higher for later plans (11.9 for plans published 2019–2022; 10.0 for plans published 2014–2018). Common partner groups engaged in the plan were law enforcement (85.9% of plans), local transportation planning (78.3%), mayor/city council/city manager (78.1%), engineering/public works (78.1%) and schools (73.4%). Community engagement strategies were reported in 71.9% of the plans and were more frequent among municipalities with a population ≥150 000 (76.1%) compared with a population <150 000 (61.1%), and in those with more recent plans (82.1%) versus earlier ones (56.0%). The most common community engagement strategies were public meetings, online surveys and map mark-ups.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the extent to which Vision Zero plans were aligned with core Safe System tenets regarding diverse partner involvement and community engagement. Plan developers should consider the translation of Safe System principles in Vision Zero plan development.
Road traffic safety for older adults: an emerging public health challenge in Thailand
Authors: Banju-Ngam Rattiya , Ichikawa Masao , Pattanarattanamolee Ratrawee , Nakahara Shinji
Published: August 2024

Background

Road safety for older adults should receive more attention in low-income and middle-income countries with rapidly ageing populations.

Methods

Using injury surveillance data from Khon Kaen Regional Hospital in northeastern Thailand, we calculated the proportion of older adults in the total number of patients who were fatally and non-fatally injured in road traffic crashes in each year from 2001 to 2020 and the proportion of road user type in the fatal and non-fatal patients by age groups for the entire study period to examine the extent to which older adults were involved in the crashes and with what mode of transportation.

Results

During the 20-year period, there were 5046 fatal and 180 353 non-fatal patients of whom 509 (10%) and 6087 (3%) were aged 65 years or older, respectively. From 2001 to 2020, this proportion increased from 3% to 20% among the fatal patients and from 1% to 6% among the non-fatal patients. Of the fatal and non-fatal patients aged 65 years or older, 50% and 54% were involved in road traffic crashes while driving motorcycles and 28% and 22% while riding bicycles or walking, respectively. Compared with patients aged 65–74 years, those aged 75 years or older tended to be bicyclists or pedestrians in the crashes, though as high as 40% of them were motorcycle drivers.

Conclusion

Older adults are increasingly injured in road traffic crashes as vulnerable road users in Thailand. Therefore, road safety efforts should consider their presence on the road.
NKG2C/KLRC2tumor cell expression enhances immunotherapeutic efficacy against glioblastoma
Authors: de Dios Olaya , Ramírez-González M Angeles , Gómez-Soria Irene , Segura-Collar Berta , Manosalva Juliana , Megías Diego , De Andrea Carlos E , Fernández-Rubio Leticia , Hernández-Laín Aurelio , Sepúlveda-Sánchez Juan M , Rodriguez-Ruiz Maria E , Pérez-Núñez Ángel , Wainwright Derek A , Gargini Ricardo , Sánchez-Gómez Pilar
Published: August 2024

Background

Activating and inhibitory receptors of natural killer (NK) cells such as NKp, NKG2, or CLEC are highly relevant to cold tumors including glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we aimed to characterize the expression of these receptors in GBM to gain insight into their potential role as modulators of the intratumoral microenvironment.

Methods

We performed a transcriptomic analysis of several NK receptors with a focus on the activating receptor encoded byKLRC2,NKG2C, among bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing GBM data sets. We also evaluated the effects of KLRC2-overexpressing GL261 cells in mice treated with or without programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb). Finally, we analyzed samples from two clinical trials evaluating PD-1 mAb effects in patients with GBM to determine the potential of NKG2C to serve as a biomarker of response.

Results

We observed significant expression of several inhibitory NK receptors on GBM-infiltrating NK and T cells, which contrasts with the strong expression of KLRC2 on tumor cells, mainly at the infiltrative margin. NeoplasticKLRC2expression was associated with a reduction in the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and with a higher level of tumor-resident lymphocytes. A stronger antitumor activity after PD-1 mAb treatment was observed in NKG2Chigh-expressing tumors both in mouse models and patients with GBM whereas the expression of inhibitory NK receptors showed an inverse association.

Conclusions

This study explored the role of neoplastic NKG2C/KLRC2expression in shaping the immune profile of GBM and suggests that it is a predictive biomarker for positive responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in patients with GBM. Future studies could further validate this finding in prospective trials.
Immune modulatory microRNAs in tumors, their clinical relevance in diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Vaxevanis Christoforos , Bachmann Michael , Seliger Barbara
Published: August 2024

The importance of the immune system in regulating tumor growth by inducing immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity associated with patients’ outcomes has been highlighted in the past years by an increasing life expectancy in patients with cancer on treatment with different immunotherapeutics. However, tumors often escape immune surveillance, which is accomplished by different mechanisms. Recent studies demonstrated an essential role of small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), in the post-transcriptional control of immune modulatory molecules. Multiple methods have been used to identify miRNAs targeting genes involved in escaping immune recognition including miRNAs targeting CTLA-4, PD-L1, HLA-G, components of the major histocompatibility class I antigen processing machinery (APM) as well as other immune response-relevant genes in tumors. Due to their function, these immune modulatory miRNAs can be used as (1) diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers allowing to discriminate between tumor stages and to predict the patients’ outcome as well as response and resistance to (immuno) therapies and as (2) therapeutic targets for the treatment of tumor patients. This review summarizes the role of miRNAs in tumor-mediated immune escape, discuss their potential as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tools as well as their use as therapeutics including alternative application methods, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
Higher proceduralist stroke thrombectomy volume is associated with reduced inpatient mortality
Authors: Koo Andrew B , Renedo Daniela , Ney John , Amllay Abdelaziz , Kanzler Matthew , Stogniy Sasha , Alawieh Ali M , Sujijantarat Nanthiya , Antonios Joseph , Al Kasab Sami , Malhotra Ajay , Hebert Ryan , Matouk Charles , de Havenon Adam
Published: August 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) proceduralist volume on in-hospital mortality in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study using the 2020 Florida State Inpatient Database, including adult patients who had a diagnosis of AIS and underwent EVT during the same admission. The primary study outcome was in-hospital death. We used Youden’s Index to define an optimal threshold for number of EVTs/year/provider. Based on this cut-point, the cohort was dichotomized into low and high proceduralist volume groups. We fit logistic regression models to mortality in the full cohort, both as univariate analyses and after adjusting for covariates.

Results

Among 3143 AIS patients who underwent EVT, 1907 patients across 59 hospitals and 106 providers met our inclusion criteria. Among the providers, the median number of EVTs performed was 13.5 (IQR 7–25). The optimal cut-point was 17 EVTs. Demographics and comorbidities were similar between the cohorts. The high volume strata had a lower rate of in-hospital mortality (low volume 11.0% vs high volume 7.2%, P=0.005). After adjusting for potential confounders, high proceduralist volume remained significantly associated with lower odds of in-hospital death (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.76, P=0.001). The difference in absolute risk of death was 4.8% (P=0.005).

Conclusions

We found that high proceduralist volume, defined by ≥18 EVTs/year, was associated with reduced in-hospital morality. Further research is necessary to understand the effects of proceduralist experience and benchmarks for technical proficiency in stroke care.
Flow diverter braid deformation following treatment of cerebral aneurysms: incidence, clinical relevance, and potential risk factors
Authors: Popica Dan Adrian , Cortese Jonathan , Oliver Alexander A , Plaforet Vincent , Molina Diaz Ignacio , Rodriguez-Erazú Fernanda , Ikka Léon , Mihalea Cristian , Chalumeau Vanessa , Kallmes David F , Caroff Jildaz , Spelle Laurent
Published: August 2024

Background

Although flow diverters (FDs) have benefited from several technical improvements, recently concerns have arisen regarding the braid stability after implantation. Thus, we investigated frequency, predictive factors, and clinical impact of the phenomenon of FD braid deformation (FDBD).

Methods

Consecutive intracranial aneurysms (IAs) treated with various FDs, between January 2018 and July 2023, were reviewed to identify FDBD (defined as the deformation of a FD without any external force applied to it). Patient, aneurysm, procedural, and FD characteristics were retrieved and analyzed using univariate and multivariable analyses. Morbidity is defined as a score of +1 in the modified Rankin Scale at 3 months.

Results

In total, 245 FD procedures (271 FDs implanted; 25 multiple IAs treated with 1 FD) in 228 patients; FDBD was observed in 36/245 cases (14.7%), mainly at follow-up angiography (32/36, 88.9%); fish-mouthing was the most frequent FDBD. Morbidity was related to fish-mouthing and braid collapse and was significantly higher in the FDBD group after retreatment (p=0.04). Drawn filled tubing with platinum (DFT) (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=7.0, 95% CI 3.0 to 17.5; p<0.001) and FD diameter (aOR=2.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.1; p<0.01) were identified as independent predictors of FDBD. The metal alloy composing the FD (p=0.13) and coated surfaces were not significantly associated with FDBD (p=0.54 in multivariable analysis).

Conclusions

FDBD is a frequent phenomenon observed in about 15% of cases, and it was responsible for higher morbidity. Only FD characteristics (DFT and FD diameter) were independent determinants of FDBD. Future research should focus on the impact of novel braid configurations and materials on braid stability.
Predictors of malignant swelling in space-occupying cerebellar infarction
Authors: Baki Enayatullah , Baumgart Lea , Kehl Victoria , Hess Felix , Wolff Andreas Wolfgang , Wagner Arthur , Hernandez Petzsche Moritz Roman , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Hemmer Bernhard , Meyer Bernhard , Gempt Jens , Wunderlich Silke
Published: August 2024

Background

Malignant swelling is a fatal complication that can occur abruptly in space-occupying cerebellar infarction. We aimed to establish markers that predict malignant swelling in cerebellar infarction.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed data of stroke patients who were treated in our hospital between 2014 and 2020. Malignant swelling was defined as a mass effect in the posterior cranial fossa, accompanied by a decrease in consciousness due to compression of the brainstem and/or the development of obstructive hydrocephalus. Statistical analyses were performed on multiple variables to identify predictors of malignant swelling.

Results

Among 7284 stroke patients, we identified 487 patients with an infarct in the cerebellum. 93 patients were suitable for analysis having space-occupying cerebellar infarction. 33 of 93 (35.5%) patients developed malignant swelling. Multivariable analysis revealed infarct volume as the main predictor being independently associated with the development of malignant swelling with a cut-off infarct volume of 38 cm3being associated with a swelling rate of >50% (OR 32.0, p<0.001). Higher NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) score on admission (median NIHSS 12 vs 4, OR 1.078; p=0.008) and the presence of additional brainstem infarction (51.5% vs 16.7%, OR 5.312; p=0.013) were associated with the development of malignant swelling in univariate analyses. 13 of 33 (39.4%) cases of malignant swellings occurred after more than 3 days.

Conclusions

Infarct volume was the key significant predictor of malignant swelling in space-occupying cerebellar infarction. With many cases of malignant swelling occurring after more than 72 hours, we advocate prolonged neurological monitoring.
Statistical mechanics description of an empirical scenario in which gravity was discussed when coupled to a harmonic oscillator
Authors: Hameeda Mir , Plastinor A. , Rocca M. C.
Published: August 2024

We attempt to construct a (two-dimensional) statistical mechanics description of the scenario in which the experiment in [T. Westphal et al., Nature 591, 225 (2021)] was made. It includes two masses that, simultaneously, (1) interact classically via the Newton gravitation and (2) harmonically vibrate. Within the strictures of Gibbs canonical ensemble at the temperature T, our treatment is exact.
Vertex corrections on the conductivity of high-Tc superconductors in the spin polaron formulation
Authors: Callelero Marcielow J. , Esguerra Jose Perico H. , Yanga Danilo M.
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the vertex corrections of the optical conductivity in high-[Formula: see text] superconductors for hole-spin wave scattering in the superconducting state. The Feynman diagram technique is used to determine the mathematical expressions of the ladder diagrams in the calculation of the current–current correlation function. The sum of these vertex terms leads to a self-consistent form of the vertex function. By evaluating the frequency summation through contour integration, a general expression for the current–current correlation function is obtained, which allows us to determine the zeroth-order term and the first-order correction of the optical conductivity explicitly. Our findings for the dc conductivity in a clean superconductor indicate that the zeroth-order term is zero, a result attributed to the conservation of momentum and energy. Meanwhile, the first-vertex correction reveals the Drude behavior in the superconducting state at zero frequency.
DEGAN: Detail-Enhanced Generative Adversarial Network for Monocular Depth-Based 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Liu Caixia , Chen Yali , Zhu Minhong , Hao Chenhui , Li Haisheng , Wang Xiaochuan
Published: August 2024

Although deep networks-based 3D reconstruction methods can recover the 3D geometry given few inputs, they may produce unfaithful reconstruction when predicting occluded parts of 3D objects. To address the issue, we propose Detail-Enhanced Generative Adversarial Network (DEGAN) which consists of Encoder–Decoder-Based Generator (EDGen) and Voxel-Point Embedding Network-Based Discriminator (VPDis) for 3D reconstruction from a monocular depth image of an object. Firstly, EDGen decodes the features from the 2.5D voxel grid representation of an input depth image and generates the 3D occupancy grid under GAN losses and a sampling point loss. The sampling loss can improve the accuracy of predicted points with high uncertainty. VPDis helps reconstruct the details under voxel and point adversarial losses, respectively. Experimental results show that DEGAN not only outperforms several state-of-the-art methods on both public ModelNet and ShapeNet datasets but also predicts more reliable occluded/missing parts of 3D objects.
Relationship between peripheral and intracoronary blood flow in patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary arteries
Authors: Woudstra Janneke , Mourmans Sanne G. J. , Vink Caitlin E. M. , Marques Koen M. J. , de Jong Elize A. M. , Haddad Rahma Y. R. , van de Hoef Tim P. , Chamuleau Steven A. J. , Damman Peter , Beijk Marcel A. M. , van Empel Vanessa P. M. , Serné Erik H. , Appelman Yolande , Eringa Etto C. ,   on behalf of the IMPRESS consortium
Published: August 2024

This study provides proof of concept that assessment of the peripheral vasculature, particularly vascular smooth muscle cells measured using the LASCA technology holds potential as a noninvasive tool for detecting coronary vasomotor dysfunction. This finding highlights the potential of the LASCA technology in, for example, medication studies for coronary vasomotor dysfunction, especially when investigating whether medication improves vascular function, as repeated peripheral measurements are less invasive than invasive coronary function testing, the current gold standard.
Analysis of Spontaneously Reported Adverse Drug Events: Towards Developing Systems for Preventability
Authors: Ketor Courage Edem , Benneh Charles Kwaku , Sarkodie Emmanuel , Anaglo Juliet Ama , Mensah Adelaide , Somuah Samuel Owusu , Akakpo Selorm , Woode Eric
Published: August 2024

Background: Analysing data on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in health facilities is an essential step to help develop effective strategies to reduce their incidence. The objective was to analyse spontaneous ADR reports sent to the Ghanaian Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) by two reporting health facilities over 5 years.

Methods: Data from duplicate spontaneous ADR reports sent to the FDA (Ghana) from 2014 to 2018 were extracted. The relationship between independent variables such as age, sex, and source of drugs and ADR outcomes was assessed with either chi‐square or a Cramer’s V test for association where appropriate.

Results: Type A reactions (65.2%) were the most prevalent of the ADRs, followed by Type B (34.1%), with the majority (80%) of patients affected recovering fully. The majority of Type A reactions (54.1%) occurred in the clinic, while the majority of Type B reactions (43.5%) occurred in the hospital. The skin and central nervous system (CNS) were the most affected (70.8%) organs. A higher incidence of CNS and skin‐related ADRs was recorded in patients older than 30 (RR = 1.28 (1.07–1.53)). Also, females were more likely to experience a CNS‐related ADR. The seriousness of the ADR was found to be significantly associated with the (1) type of prescriber, (2) whether the drug was prescribed, or (3) whether the drug regimen prescribed was appropriate. Even though, in 86% of cases, the offending drug was withdrawn within the first 5 days, it exceeded 20 days in about 6% of cases. The record of allergy status in a patient’s folder and the source of the drug were significantly associated with the chance that the offending drug was withdrawn. However, recording ADRs did not influence whether the offending drug was stopped.

Conclusion: Most of the ADRs experienced by patients could be avoided if the current systems are improved to prevent the rechallenge of offending drugs. Efforts to improve and update patient medication records and steps to ensure continuity of care are essential in preventing these adverse drug events.
Matrix Gla Protein and Nitric Oxide Synthase‐3 Genetic Variants in Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Relation with Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Priyadarshini G. , Parameswaran Sreejith , Sahoo Jayaprakash , Selvarajan Sandhiya , Ramesh Ananthakrishnan , Rajappa Medha
Published: August 2024

Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by gradual deterioration of renal parenchyma and decline of functioning nephrons. The risk of cardiovascular events is drastically increased in patients with CKD. This complicated link of CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not well understood till date. Objective. We aim to study the influence of genetic variants of matrix Gla protein (MGP) gene rs1800801, rs1800802, and rs4236 and nitric oxide synthase‐3 (NOS3) gene rs1799983 and rs2070744 on the risk of CKD and its associated cardiovascular comorbidity in South Indian Tamils. Methods. One hundred and eighty‐five CKD patients and 185 controls were recruited in this research. Flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) of brachial artery was measured ultrasonically. Circulating levels of MGP and nitric oxide (NO) were measured by ELISA. Genotyping was done by real‐time PCR. Results. We observed a significant difference in the distribution of TT and CT genotypes of NOS3 (rs2070744), indicating an increase in the risk of CKD. NO level was significantly decreased in CKD cases than controls. We also found a significant difference in the distribution of TTA and CCG haplotypes of MGP polymorphisms (1‐rs4236; 2‐rs1800801; 3‐rs1800802) between the groups, indicating an increase in the risk of CKD. CT genotype of MGP (rs4236) and CT genotype of NOS3 (rs2070744) variants were found to be associated with decreased FMD, indicating endothelial dysfunction, the harbinger of CVD. Conclusion. We conclude that genetic variants of MGP and NOS3 enhance the risk of CKD and its associated cardiovascular comorbidity in South Indian Tamils.
Isatuximab for Delayed Red Cell Engraftment after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Nauffal Mary , Eng Stephen , Lin Andrew , Chan Alexander , Mazzerella Kathryn , Giralt Sergio , Perales Miguel-Angel , Gyurkocza Boglarka
Published: August 2024

Isatuximab is an IgG1κ‐derived monoclonal antibody against CD38 approved for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma. Here we describe the successful treatment of a therapy‐refractory pure red cell aplasia case following ABO‐mismatched allogeneic stem cell transplantation with isatuximab. Our patient was a 75‐year‐old female with acute myeloid leukemia who received an HLA‐B antigen mismatched, unrelated peripheral blood stem cell transplant with a major ABO incompatibility (blood group A+ in the donor and blood group O+ in the recipient). The patient developed persistent red cell aplasia and anti‐A antibodies for more than 500 days from transplant. She received therapy with rituximab, bortezomib, prednisone, and darbepoetin alfa with partial to no response. After repeated insurance denials for daratumumab, isatuximab was obtained from the manufacturer through their CareASSIST program. Following the completion of 2 cycles of isatuximab (8 doses), significant and sustained red cell recovery was observed.
Levels of Cadmium, Copper, and Lead in Soils and Cassava Tubers Grown in Machakos County, Kenya
Authors: Kasyoka E. M. , Mbugua G. W. , Wanjau R. N. , Nambafu G. N. , Ndiritu J. N.
Published: August 2024

Large quantities of agrochemicals are regularly applied in coffee farms to control pests and diseases and provide adequate nutrients to boost yields. Agrochemicals have varied amounts of heavy metals and their prolonged use to attain maximum yields contributes to the contamination of soil, surface, and groundwater. The study determined the levels of lead, cadmium, and copper in soil and cassava tubers (Manihot esculenta) grown in single‐cropped and intercropped farms in Kathiani Subcounty, Machakos County, Kenya. Soil and cassava tuber samples were obtained in a zigzag of five cores across the farms. Cadmium, copper, and lead levels in the collected samples were determined using the atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) Shimadzu AA‐6200 model. Data were presented using tables and figures. One‐way ANOVA was used to examine the mean differences of heavy metals between locations. Significant treatment difference was tested at α = 0.05 using the Tukey test. The results revealed that soils from single‐cropped farms had a range of 0.09–0.59, 4.1–4.6, and 0.021–0.032 mg·kg−1 for cadmium, copper, and lead, respectively, while soils from intercropped farms had a range of 0.25–0.83, 4.9–10.1, and 0.022–0.037 mg·kg−1 for cadmium, copper, and lead, respectively. Considering cassava tubers in the single‐cropped system, the mean values (mg·kg−1) of Cd, Cu, and Pb for the pith were 4.7, 6.8, and 0.028, for the bark were 4.4, 4.3, and 0.02, and for the epidermis were 3.1, 4.0, and 0.02, while flesh had 2.6, 1.4, and 0.05, respectively. Analysis of the tubers in the intercropped system indicated that the pith had a mean value of 7.8, 7.0, and 0.20 mg·kg−1 for Cd, Cu, and Pb, respectively. Similarly, the bark had 5.8, 4.6, and 0.16 mg·kg−1 for cadmium, copper, and lead. The epidermis indicated a concentration of 5.1, 4.6, and 0.12 mg·kg−1 for cadmium, copper, and lead, while the flesh had 2.8, 1.5, and 0.06 mg·kg−1, respectively. The results revealed the presence of heavy metals in both single‐cropped and intercropped farms. The observed means for cadmium, copper, and lead in both sets of farms were within the WHO recommended levels for agricultural soils. However, the study observed higher cadmium, copper, and lead levels in soils and cassava tissues from intercropped farms compared to single‐cropped farms.
Figure S7 from Loss of STK11 Suppresses Lipid Metabolism and Attenuates KRAS-Induced Immunogenicity in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Principe Daniel R. , Pasquinelli Mary M. , Nguyen Ryan H. , Munshi Hidayatullah G. , Hulbert Alicia , Aissa Alexandre F. , Weinberg Frank
Published: August 2024

Figure S7F. Correlation between genes involved in lipid metabolism and those involved in immune processes
Figure S5 from Loss of STK11 Suppresses Lipid Metabolism and Attenuates KRAS-Induced Immunogenicity in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Principe Daniel R. , Pasquinelli Mary M. , Nguyen Ryan H. , Munshi Hidayatullah G. , Hulbert Alicia , Aissa Alexandre F. , Weinberg Frank
Published: August 2024

Figure S5. KRAS/STK11 co-mutated tumors have an immune excluded phenotype via the xCell deconvolution algorithm
Figure S1 from Loss of STK11 Suppresses Lipid Metabolism and Attenuates KRAS-Induced Immunogenicity in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Principe Daniel R. , Pasquinelli Mary M. , Nguyen Ryan H. , Munshi Hidayatullah G. , Hulbert Alicia , Aissa Alexandre F. , Weinberg Frank
Published: August 2024

Figure S1. KRAS-induced PD-L1 expression is unmodified by EGFR, BRAF, or LRP1B status
Figure 1 from Loss of STK11 Suppresses Lipid Metabolism and Attenuates KRAS-Induced Immunogenicity in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Principe Daniel R. , Pasquinelli Mary M. , Nguyen Ryan H. , Munshi Hidayatullah G. , Hulbert Alicia , Aissa Alexandre F. , Weinberg Frank
Published: August 2024

Genetic landscape of cohort of patients with NSCLC. A, Tissue biopsies from 189 treatment-naïve patients with NSCLC, 114 of which were from the primary lung tumor, 31 from an affected lymph node, and 44 from a metastatic site, were sectioned and stained with either hematoxylin and eosin or via IHC for PDL1. Tissues then underwent a standardized genomic analysis consisting of whole-exome DNA sequencing and whole-transcriptome RNA-seq. Pie charts are shown representing the most frequently observed mutations across (B) all 189 patients, (C) the 132 patients with LUAD, and (D) the 57 patients with SCC. CNA, copy-number amplification; CNL, copy-number loss; MT, mutant.
Figure S4 from Characterization of Non-Monotonic Relationships between Tumor Mutational Burden and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Anaya Jordan , Kung Julia , Baras Alexander S.
Published: August 2024

MSK fits. Cox and neural net model fits were mean normalized and averaged over 10 K-folds. TMB distributions shown as rug plots.
Figure S1 from Characterization of Non-Monotonic Relationships between Tumor Mutational Burden and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Anaya Jordan , Kung Julia , Baras Alexander S.
Published: August 2024

Simulated step data and examples with a polynomial transformation. 15 simulated survival datasets were generated for a step relationship with TMB (A). B shows the hazard ratios and associated log-likelihood ratio tests and associated cutoffs of searching for an optimal cutoff, while C shows the fits of a Cox model, FCN neural network, and a neural network comprised of a single neuron with sigmoid activation. D shows an example of a quadratic relationship with TMB (E). Generating a simulated dataset from the risk relationship in D we explored fitting a Cox model with a two degree polynomial in addition to a neural net. In F we show the fit of a two degree polynomial with non-monotonic data.
Supplementary Table 3 from KRAS Promotes GLI2-Dependent Transcription during Pancreatic Carcinogenesis
Authors: Sigafoos Ashley N. , Tolosa Ezequiel J. , Carr Ryan M. , Fernandez-Barrena Maite G. , Almada Luciana L. , Pease David R. , Hogenson Tara L. , Raja Arul Glancis L. , Mousavi Fatemeh , Sen Sandhya , Vera Renzo E. , Marks David L. , Flores Luis F. , LaRue-Nolan Kayla C. , Wu Chen , Bamlet William R. , Vrabel Anne M. , Sicotte Hugues , Schenk Erin L. , Smyrk Thomas C. , Zhang Lizhi , Rabe Kari G. , Oberg Ann L. , Zaphiropoulos Peter G. , Chevet Eric , Graham Rondell P. , Hagen Catherine E. , di Magliano Marina P. , Elsawa Sherine F. , Pin Christopher L. , Mao Junhao , McWilliams Robert R. , Fernandez-Zapico Martin E.
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Table 3 includes the sequence of the primers used in our study.
Supplementary Figure 9 from KRAS Promotes GLI2-Dependent Transcription during Pancreatic Carcinogenesis
Authors: Sigafoos Ashley N. , Tolosa Ezequiel J. , Carr Ryan M. , Fernandez-Barrena Maite G. , Almada Luciana L. , Pease David R. , Hogenson Tara L. , Raja Arul Glancis L. , Mousavi Fatemeh , Sen Sandhya , Vera Renzo E. , Marks David L. , Flores Luis F. , LaRue-Nolan Kayla C. , Wu Chen , Bamlet William R. , Vrabel Anne M. , Sicotte Hugues , Schenk Erin L. , Smyrk Thomas C. , Zhang Lizhi , Rabe Kari G. , Oberg Ann L. , Zaphiropoulos Peter G. , Chevet Eric , Graham Rondell P. , Hagen Catherine E. , di Magliano Marina P. , Elsawa Sherine F. , Pin Christopher L. , Mao Junhao , McWilliams Robert R. , Fernandez-Zapico Martin E.
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Figure 9 shows that Gli2 does not change H3K27Ac enrichment at Ccnd1 promoter downstream of oncogenic KRAS.
Supplementary Figure 7 from KRAS Promotes GLI2-Dependent Transcription during Pancreatic Carcinogenesis
Authors: Sigafoos Ashley N. , Tolosa Ezequiel J. , Carr Ryan M. , Fernandez-Barrena Maite G. , Almada Luciana L. , Pease David R. , Hogenson Tara L. , Raja Arul Glancis L. , Mousavi Fatemeh , Sen Sandhya , Vera Renzo E. , Marks David L. , Flores Luis F. , LaRue-Nolan Kayla C. , Wu Chen , Bamlet William R. , Vrabel Anne M. , Sicotte Hugues , Schenk Erin L. , Smyrk Thomas C. , Zhang Lizhi , Rabe Kari G. , Oberg Ann L. , Zaphiropoulos Peter G. , Chevet Eric , Graham Rondell P. , Hagen Catherine E. , di Magliano Marina P. , Elsawa Sherine F. , Pin Christopher L. , Mao Junhao , McWilliams Robert R. , Fernandez-Zapico Martin E.
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Figure 7 shows how oncogenic KRAS modulates GLI target gene expression.
Improving quality of life through brain-computer interfaces: an integrated stress prediction method using machine learning
Authors: Perur Shrivatsa D. , Kenchannavar Harish H.
Published: August 2024

In recent days, people must deal with stress brought on by the demands of modern living, which constantly presents new obstacles. Stress, a state of mental tension triggered by challenging circumstances, has become a global risk factor impacting individual well-being. Understanding variations in stress resilience is crucial for tailoring treatment strategies. Previous studies have explored stress prediction using measures like electroencephalography (EEG), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and interventions such as Kriya Yoga and mindfulness meditation. The experimentation is done on the data collected from people who practice heartfulness meditation regularly. The research employs machine learning (ML) algorithms alongside physiological parameters such as EEG, BP, HR, and psychological parameters, perceived stress scale (PSS), to precisely classify, measure, and predict stress levels. The investigations are done using K-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), and kernel-support vector machine (k-SVM). An accuracy of 98.27% accuracy was achieved with the RF algorithm in classifying stressed and non-stressed individuals.
Comparative analysis on liver benchmark datasets and prediction using supervised learning techniques
Authors: Balakrishna Tilakachuri , Annam Jagadeeswara Rao , Haritha Dasari
Published: August 2024

Disease diagnosis is most challenging task today. Different datasets are available in web source that contains important features to diagnose the diseases. This paper explores different classification algorithms on medical liver bench mark datasets like BUPA and Indian Liver patient dataset (ILPD). The ILPD is best fit for the model and also gives high classifier accuracy. In proposed model the following classifiers like Naïve Bayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF) classification, multi-layer perceptron (MLP), artificial neural network (ANN), deep belief network (DBN) and probabilistic neural network (PNN) are used. The results shown that ILPD is best dataset for all classifiers and RF classification in particular is best classifier.
Utilization of learning media based on augmented reality on design material network topology
Authors: Rohandi Manda , Pakaja Jemmy A. , Mulyanto Arip , Novian Dian , A. Hermila , Ashari Sri Ayu , Nugraha Bariq
Published: August 2024

Augmented reality (AR) is a growing technology that has great potential in the field of education. This article explores using AR as an interactive learning medium in a secondary education environment. The study involves the implementation of AR in network topology material to enhance student engagement and understanding. This research consists of the design and development of AR applications following the curriculum of the network topology subject at SMK Negeri 1 South Bulango using the waterfall model. The results showed that using AR-based learning media can increase student engagement in the learning process. Three-dimensional visualization of network topology design can improve students’ interest and motivation to understand the material better. AR allows students to interact directly with the network topology design model.
Pavement health 4.0: a novel AI-enabled PavementVision approach for pavement health monitoring and classification
Authors: Soni Jaykumar , Gujar Rajesh , Malek Mohammed Shakil
Published: August 2024

To determine the extent of pavement damage and forms of pavement distress, road pavement conditions must be precisely assessed. As a result, monitoring systems are regarded as an important stage in the maintenance procedure. In recent times, numerous investigations have been carried out to track the condition of pavement and monitor road surfaces. In the undertaken study, we have proposed a novel artificial intelligent (AI) and computer vision-enabled PavementCarevision 4.0 approach to detect and classify pavement health conditions i.e., defects. In this study, a customized pavement-2000 dataset has been designed which contains more than 2,000 images of a variety of pavement defects. In the initial phase, we pre-processed and enhanced pavement images using the customized adjustable linear contrast enhancement methodology. The enhanced pavement image samples were fed to the proposed customized YOLOV8 enabled PavementHealth 4.0 framework for pavement condition detection of a variety of pavement defects such as longitudinal cracks, alligator cracks, transverse cracks, and potholes. The proposed customized YOLOV8 enabled PavementHealth 4.0 framework has achieved an accuracy of 99.20 percent; an receiver operating characteristic (ROC) value of 0.98 and outperformed existing AI-based state-of-the-art methodologies such as pose NET, YOLOv7, YOLOv5, long short-term memory network (LSTM), Mask region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN), and decision tree.
RecommendRift: a leap forward in user experience with transfer learning on netflix recommendations
Authors: Anuradha Surabhi , Jyothi Pothabathula Naga , Sivakumar Surabhi , Sheshikala Martha
Published: August 2024

In today’s fast-paced lifestyle, streaming movies and series on platforms like  Netflix is a valued recreational activity. However, users often spend considerable time searching for the right content and receive irrelevant recommendations, particularly when facing the “cold start problem” for new users. This challenge arises from existing recommender systems relying on factors like casting, title, and genre, using term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) for vectorization, which prioritizes word frequency over semantic meaning. To address this, an innovative recommender system considering not only casting, title, and genre but also the short description of movies or shows is proposed in this study. Leveraging Word2Vec embedding for semantic relationships, this system offers recommendations aligning better with user preferences. Evaluation metrics including precision, mean average precision (MAP), discounted cumulative gain (DCG), and ideal cumulative gain (IDCG) demonstrate the system’s effectiveness, achieving a normalized DCG (NDCG)@10 of 0.956. A/B testing shows an improved click-through rate (CTR) of recommendations, showcasing enhanced streaming experience.
Enhancing stress detection in wearable IoT devices using federated learning and LSTM based hybrid model
Authors: Mouhni Naoual , Amalou Ibtissam , Chakri Sana , Tourad Mohamedou Cheikh , Chakraoui Mohamed , Abdali Abdelmounaim
Published: August 2024

In the domain of smart health devices, the accurate detection of physical indicators levels plays a crucial role in enhancing safety and well-being.
 This paper introduces a cross device federated learning framework using hybrid deep learning model. Specifically, the paper presents a comprehensive comparison of different combination of long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), convolutional neural network (CNN), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), in order to forecast stress levels by utilizing time series information derived from wearable smart gadgets. The LSTM-RF model demonstrated the highest level of accuracy, achieving 93.53% for user 1, 99.40% for user 2, and 97.88% for user 3. Similarly, the LSTM-XGBoost model yielded favorable outcomes, with accuracy rates of 85.88%, 98.55%, and 92.02% for users 1, 2, and 3, respectively. These findings highlight the efficacy of federated learning and the utilization of hybrid models in stress detection. Unlike traditional centralized learning paradigms, the presented federated approach ensures privacy preservation and reduces data transmission requirements by processing data locally on Edge devices.