bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding User Perceptions of QRIS in Indonesia
Authors: Ramayanti Rizka
Published: December 2024

In Indonesia, a QR code payment is referred to as QRIS (Quick Respond Code Indonesian Standard). QR code technology is employed by QRIS, a contemporary payment system, to establish connections between a variety of financial transactions. QRIS offers numerous advantages to businesses, including the ability to obtain numerous promotions, the automated recording of transactions, the ability to track financial income and expenses, and the elimination of the need to search for change. Regrettably, the low level of digital literacy in Indonesia has prevented certain individuals from adopting digital transactions. Consequently, policymakers and regulators will be able to make more informed decisions regarding the expansion of QRIS in Indonesia by gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the perceptions of utility and perceived ease of use among Indonesian users. This research involves individuals who have implemented QRIS. The sample size in this study was sufficient due to the use of PLS-SEM, a powerful multivariate analysis technique that is recognized for its statistical efficacy in small sample sizes. The study explores the behavioral intention to use QRIS among Indonesian users, emphasizing perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use while incorporating control variables such as age, experience, gender, income, and education. The analysis results indicate that perceived usefulness has a substantial impact on the behavior intention of QRIS, and perceived ease of use also has an impact on the behavior intention of using QRIS. Education and income were found to have no significant difference in relation to behavior intention of using QRIS, whereas age, experience, gender, and age were associated with a significant difference.
NON-DENDRITIC CRYSTALLIZATION OF METALS – POSSIBLE CAUSES
Authors: Borisov A.G.
Published: December 2024

У статті розглянуто можливі причини утворення дегенеративних дендритів у процесі недендритної кристалізації металів, зокрема Al-Si сплаву (A356). Дослідження включають експерименти з модельними системами та числове моделювання. Встановлено, що такі морфології можуть виникати через зменшення анізотропії, перехідні процеси або примусові умови зростання. Під час експериментів з направленою кристалізацією і зміною умов росту спостерігались як класичні, так і розщеплені дендрити. Зроблено висновок, що градієнти, створені під час інтенсивного перемішування розплаву, можуть бути причиною утворення дегенеративних дендритів.
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ТРІЩИНОСТІЙКОСТІ СПЛАВУ АМ4,5Кд (ВАЛ10) ФІЗИКО-ХІМІЧНИМИ ВПЛИВАМИ НА РОЗПЛАВ
Authors: Бєлік В.І. , Пригунова А.Г. , Шейгам В.Ю. , Бабюк В.Д. , Житков Є.А.
Published: December 2024

У статті досліджено вплив різних фізико-хімічних методів обробки алюмінієвого розплаву на тріщиностійкість виливків із сплаву АМ4,5Кд (ВАЛ10). Розглянуто технології модифікування титаном і цирконієм, вібраційної обробки, продування розплаву воднем і обробки ротором, що обертається. Показано, що модифікування титаном є найефективнішим методом підвищення тріщиностійкості, забезпечуючи 100% ефективність. Вібрація та воднева обробка також суттєво покращують характеристики, але мають певні обмеження. Аналіз результатів дозволяє обґрунтувати вибір технологічних прийомів для конкретних умов литва, зокрема для складних фасонних виливків.
КОМПАКТУВАННЯ ПОРОШКОВИХ СПЛАВІВ 75 % Al + 15 % Fe
Authors: Степанчук А.М. , Тесля С.Ю. , Судаков Д.С. , Чижська Д.В.
Published: December 2024

У статті розглянуто умови отримання порошків сплаву 75 % Al + 15 % Fe з дисперсно зміцненою структурою, яка складається з твердого розчину заліза в алюмінії (α-Al) та інтерметалідів Al6Fe і Al13Fe4. Визначено оптимальні умови для отримання таких порошків за допомогою механічного диспергування розплаву, що дозволяє отримати структуру, яка відповідає вимогам до дисперсно-зміцнюючої фази. Проведено експериментальні дослідження процесу ущільнення порошків і визначено механізм цього процесу залежно від розміру частинок. Показано, що на початкових стадіях ущільнення домінує пластична деформація, а на стадії об’ємного стиснення — псевдопластична деформація, що супроводжується крихким руйнуванням інтерметалідів.
СТРУКТУРИ СПЛАВУ «МІДЬ-ЗАЛІЗО», РОЗЛИТОГО З МЕХАНІЧНИМ ПЕРЕМІШУВАННЯМ РОЗПЛАВУ У ТИГЛІ ІНДУКЦІЙНОЇ ПЕЧІ
Authors: Школяренко В.П. , Середенко О.В.
Published: December 2024

Робота присвячена дослідженню мікронеоднорідностей у сплаві Cu-Fe, отриманих шляхом механічного перемішування в умовах індукційного плавлення. Розглянуто вплив перегрівання над лінією ліквідус на структуру сплавів із добавками заліза (армко-залізо, карбонільне залізо) та вуглецю. Встановлено, що низьке перегрівання (120 K) та збільшення вмісту вуглецю сприяють формуванню мікросуспензії (3–6 мкм), знижуючи кількість дендритів. Виявлено ключові параметри температурного режиму та складу для оптимізації структури сплавів, що забезпечують кращі фізико-механічні властивості.
Evaluasi Program Kelas Tahfizh Al-Qur’an dengan Model CIPP di Pondok Pesantren Tahfidz Muhammadiyah Al Fattah Malang
Authors: Najah Aninda Tri Safinatun
Published: December 2024

This research aims to evaluate the Qur'an memorization (Tahfizh) program at Pondok Pesantren Tahfidz Muhammadiyah Al Fattah Ngantang, Malang Regency, using the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product). With the increasing number of pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) in Indonesia and the growing public interest in Tahfizh Qur'an programs, this research is relevant to review the effectiveness and sustainability of such programs. This study employs a qualitative approach by collecting data through interviews, observations, and document reviews. The data is then analyzed through data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that the program overall achieves good outcomes. The context evaluation shows alignment between the program’s vision and mission and the institution’s guidelines, but there is a gap between the memorization targets and actual achievements. The input evaluation highlights the need for improvement in recruiting teachers and paying more attention to the students' memorization abilities. The process evaluation indicates that the schedule, teaching methods, and student motivation are well-organized. The product evaluation reveals that memorization achievements are still below the set standards. Therefore, this research emphasizes the importance of enhancing various aspects of the program to improve the quality and sustainability of Qur'an memorization in the future.
Analisis Instrumen Tes Kognitif Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Zakkiyah Firda , Armedi Rama , Zuhriyah Indah Aminatuz
Published: December 2024

Tulisan ini memaparkan hasil riset tentang pengembangan instrumen penilaian kognitif berbasis Higler Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti. Fokus risetnya adalah pemetaan kemampuan guru PAI SD dalam menyusun instrumen penilaian kognitif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif-deskriptif dan analisis dokumen berupa instrumen tes PAI berbentuk pilihan ganda, analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif berupa presentase. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar paket soal objektif berbentuk Multiple Choice Item (MCI) mata pelajaran PAI dan Budi Pekerti di SD terbilang sudah baik dalam sebagian besar indikator pada setiap aspeknya. Hanya saja kelemahan yang terlihat yaitu pada aspek kesesuaian item soal pada aspek bahasa kriteria pertama yang rata-ratanya hanya mencapai 75%. Disamping itu, kelemahannya ada pada pengukuran proses kognitif level penalaran C4, C5, dan C6 yang hanya ada dipaket B5 saja, dan mencapai rata-rata 3% berdasarkan analisis yang sudah dilakukan.
Persepsi Guru Terhadap Umpan Balik Supervisi Berbasis Coaching di LC Lumadan Beufort, Sabah
Authors: Nurani Novian Fitri , Rusilowati Ani , Ridlo Saiful
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi guru terhadap umpan balik dari supervisi berbasis coaching di LC Lumadan Beufort, Sabah, Malaysia. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2024 dengan melibatkan 11 guru yang tersebar di 11 Tempat Kegiatan Belajar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner dan wawancara, yang dirancang untuk mengidentifikasi persepsi guru mengenai umpan balik yang diterima setelah proses supervisi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa umpan balik yang diberikan oleh supervisor memiliki dampak positif terhadap pengembangan profesional guru. Sebanyak 63,3% guru menyatakan terlibat aktif dalam diskusi selama supervisi, dan lebih dari 50% guru setuju bahwa umpan balik tersebut membantu mereka dalam perbaikan praktik mengajar. Lima aspek utama yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini meliputi fokus pada perkembangan, orientasi pada solusi, kemitraan, fokus pada potensi, dan keberlanjutan. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya umpan balik yang konstruktif dan apresiatif dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan kinerja guru.
Creative Thinking for PJBL Approach Non-Parametric Analysis
Authors: Muji Mujiansyah
Published: December 2024

Based on the 2018 PISA results, Indonesia ranked creative thinking at 74th place out of 79 countries. This data shows how important it is that creative thinking needs to be fostered, taught and developed in students. There is a very important approach to developing this capability, namely the PjBL approach by utilizing digital libraries. Such as Google Scholar and Crossref, systematic literature reviews, especially on PGMI UIN Antasari Banjarmasin students. The research results show that with PjBL creative thinking, PGMI UIN Antasari Banjarmasin students are not significantly different from conventional methods in training students' creative thinking if the learning sources are the same, namely Google Scholar and Crossref for discussing science subjects, but the pre-test and post-test results show differences. in student thinking, after using the PjBL approach.
Using Situational Judgement Test to Assess The ‘Pancasila’ Student Profiles Construct: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Wahyuni Tri , Rahayu Wardani , Naga Dali Santun
Published: December 2024

The Situational Judgment Test (SJT) is very well known for measuring non-cognitive and non-academic attributes. Merdeka Curriculum contains the ‘Pancasila’ Student Profiles, those are  global diversity, cooperation, critical reasoning, creativity and independence.   This systematic literature review answers three basic questions, namely (1) in what fields is SJT used and for what purposes? (2) what dimensions in the Pancasila Student Profiles have been measured using the SJT method? , (3) how does technology influence the implementation of SJT? The Scopus database with the keyword Situational Judgment Test from 2013 to 2024 was explored and filtered using the PRISMA stages and measurement variables that were appropriate to the profile of Indonesian students. The results show that the medical sector uses SJT the most for student selection purposes. Indicators in the profile of Indonesian students namely collaboration, teamwork, empathy, cultural competence, understanding of ethnic diversity, decision-making skills, exploration, emotional management and emotional intelligence have appeared to be measured using the SJT method, and gamification, video and computer based test technology have been utilized in the implementation of SJT.
Developing a Validated Essay-Based Assessment Instrument to Measure Science Literacy in Energy Topics
Authors: Sheptian Riky , Ocy Dwi Rismi , Triana Dinny Devi , Wahyuni Lussy Dwi Utami
Published: December 2024

Science literacy is a critical skill in the 21st century, particularly for middle school students navigating the complexities of energy concepts in science education. This study aims to develop and validate an essay-based assessment instrument designed to measure students' science literacy skills in the context of energy. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research involved expert validation, panel validation, and empirical testing with 111 students from junior high school in Sukabumi, Indonesia. The results revealed that the instrument possesses strong content validity, with Aiken's V, CVR, and I-CVI scores exceeding 0.80. Construct validity analysis using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) confirmed the suitability of the factor structure, while reliability tests yielded McDonald’s ω = 0.886 and Cronbach's α = 0.922, indicating excellent internal consistency. The instrument also includes a detailed analytical rubric to ensure objective and transparent evaluation. This validated tool offers educators a reliable means of assessing students' science literacy comprehensively, addressing a critical gap in science education evaluation. By fostering more effective assessment practices, this study contributes to enhancing the quality of science education in Indonesia and beyond.
İslâm’da Düşünsel Faaliyetler Üzerine Güncel Bir İnceleme
Authors: Bozbuğa Hande Nur
Published: December 2024

Bu makalede, İslâm dünyasındaki düşünsel faaliyetlerin günümüzde nasıl tasnif edildiği Ahmet Arslan’ın görüşleri üzerinden incelenecektir. İslâm düşüncesi, çağdaş Türk düşüncesinin önemli felsefe ve kültür tarihçilerinden Arslan’ın çalışmalarının ana konusunu oluşturur. O çalışmalarında İslâm’da felsefi bir faaliyetin imkânı, özgünlüğü ve tasnifi meseleleriyle ilgilenir. Dine yönelik değerlendirmelerini telifleri yanı sıra medya araçları vasıtasıyla da geniş bir kitle ile paylaşır. Bu çalışmada Arslan’ın İslâm’da felsefi faaliyetleri nasıl tasnif ettiği değerlendirilecektir. Bu faaliyetleri mahiyeti, kapsamı ve sınırlılıkları açısından dörde ayırır: Meşşâî felsefe, kelâm, tasavvuf ve yöneticilere tavsiye metinleri. Arslan, İslâm’da felsefeyi bu alanlara hasrederek tefsir, hadis ve fıkıh gibi ilimlerin akli faaliyetlerini düşünsel faaliyetler olarak görmez. Ancak kelâm ve tasavvuf inanç ilkelerine dayanan ilimler olmalarına rağmen Arslan tarafından tasnife dâhil edilir. Bu makalede Arslan’ın ilgili tasnifi değerlendirilecek, tasnifin İslâm ve Batı dünyasından bazı isimler tarafından savunulduğu ve Arslan’ın onlardan iktibas ettiği iddia edilecektir. Böylelikle felsefe ile İslâm ilişkisine çağdaş dönemde din konusundaki değerlendirmeleriyle öne çıkan bir felsefe tarihçisi üzerinden dikkat çekilecektir.
Identification method of wheel-rail two-point contact state in switch area
Authors: lu ping , li xinyi , cui dabin , An Boyang , Jiang wenpeng
Published: December 2024

Two-point contact is one of the fundamental problems of wheel-rail contact in switch area. The contact state and the distribution of forces are complex and essential points in wheel-rail relationship. Given the problem that the current dynamic wheel-rail contact state is challenging to detect, a theory to detect the two-point contact state of the wheel-rail in switch area using a discrete gauge column was presented and proved in the finite element model. This paper derived the relationship between strain gauge position and stress using a modified rail model. The patch scheme was determined using the rail waist bending moment difference method to achieve decoupling of the bridge circuit of the force measurement columns. The bridge circuit was calibrated by means of the modified theoretical calibration method, and the circuit test data was obtained for the two-point contact condition in the switch area. The study compared the results obtained from the wheel-rail column finite model and circuit test data for two-point contact conditions, demonstrated the method's ability to identify the two-point contact state and the wheel-rail force distribution characteristics in the switch area. The results show that the method can identify the two-point contact state in switch area and distribute characteristics of the wheel-rail force. And the wheel-rail contact point position can be deduced accurately according to the wheel-rail force. This test method provides a test verification scheme for wheel-rail two-point rolling contact theory and a new technology for the dynamic force testing of wheel-rail in switch area.
‘They Knew the Same Struggles’: Perceptions of a Group Coping Skills Intervention in Patients with Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease
Authors: Centracchio Joely A. , Yang Daniel G. , Jagielo Annemarie D. , Greer Joseph A. , El-Jawahri Areej , Traeger Lara , Nelson Ashley M.
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGVHD), an inflammatory condition affecting allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors, is associated with a range of debilitating physical and psychological sequela. Yet HCT recipients with cGVHD are virtually absent from survivorship intervention research. We conducted a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a multidisciplinary group coping skills intervention (Horizons) tailored to meet these patients’ unique needs. For this follow-up qualitative analysis, we evaluated the perceived impact of the Horizons intervention by the group participants.
Methods
We purposefully selected a subset of Horizons participants (n = 19) to complete audio-recorded exit interviews via semi-structured interview guide. We used rapid analysis to characterize participant feedback in three domains: 1) motivations to participate, 2) perceived benefits of participation, and 3) impacts of participation.
Results
Findings highlight participants’ motivations to participate centered on desires to connect with others living with cGVHD and to help future patients. Perceived benefits of participation focused on the following categories: 1) connecting with other survivors, 2) learning about cGVHD and 3) learning coping strategies to manage specific cGVHD symptoms. Impacts of participation on everyday life variably reflected categories of 1) increased sense of empowerment to contact their care team with questions and concerns, 2) increased support and validation in their struggles with cGVHD, and 3) renewed motivation or progress toward personal and health-specific goals.
Conclusion
Study findings demonstrate participants’ appreciation for a group-based opportunity to connect with others living with cGVHD and strengthen skills for navigating cGVHD challenges. Results support the ongoing need for evidence-based interventions to improve quality of life among HCT survivors.
Clinical Trial Registration:
[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04479995]. Date of Registration: July 21, 2020.
Analysis of non-tuberculous mycobacteria types in high tuberculosis endemic areas
Authors: Li Na-na , Gao Lulu , Liu Mei , Zhang Wan-min , Zhang Xiao-ke , Chen Ling , Zong Zhaojing , Lan Yuanbo
Published: December 2024

Background
The incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections has been rising globally, posing significant challenges for diagnosis and treatment, particularly in regions with high tuberculosis (TB) incidence. This study aims to investigate the epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-PD) in areas with a high incidence of TB.
Method
This study was conducted at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2017 to December 2021. A total of 6259 culture-positive specimens were analyzed. Screening was based on acid-fast staining, colony morphology, and p-nitrobenzoic acid detection, which identified 107 suspected NTM strains. Gene sequencing confirmed 51 NTM-positive cases.
Results
The predominant species identified were Mycobacterium abscessus (33.33%) and Mycobacterium intracellulare (27.45%). Several risk factors were associated with higher susceptibility to NTM-PD, including bronchiectasis, low serum albumin levels (< 3.5 g/L), and male gender. The study found that although the isolation rate of NTM remained stable over the five-year period, drug resistance rates for the dominant species were notably high.
Conclusions
The findings highlight the need for clinicians in TB-endemic areas to carefully distinguish NTM infections from TB. The stable isolation rates of NTM, coupled with the high drug resistance of key species, underscore the importance of accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies to manage NTM-PD effectively.
Unleashing the Immune Arsenal: Development of Broad-spectrum Multiepitope Bluetongue Vaccine Targeting Conserved T Cell Epitopes of Structural Proteins
Authors: Kolla Harish Babu , Kumar Anuj , Dutt Mansi , Nanjunadappa Roopa Hebbandi , Singh Karam Pal , Mertens Peter Paul Clement , Kelvin David , Umeshappa Channakeshava Sokke
Published: December 2024

Bluetongue (BT) is a severe arboviral disease affecting sheep, cows, and other wild ruminants, caused by the Bluetongue virus (BTV). The virus has evolved into over 32 serotypes, rendering existing vaccines less effective. While the structural proteins of this virus represent promising targets for vaccine development, they unfortunately exhibit high amino acid polymorphism and are laden with numerous inhibitory epitopes. However, certain structural proteins such as VP1 and VP7 are highly conserved and may contain epitopes capable of triggering cross-reactive cell-mediated immunity (CMI). In this study, we identified highly conserved MHC-I and -II-restricted T cell epitopes within VP1, VP5, and VP7 BTV proteins and developed an effective in silico-immuno-informatics-based broad-spectrum BT multiepitope vaccine for laboratory mouse system to establish a proof-of-concept, as well as for bovines, the natural host for BTV. The conserved epitopes utilized in the vaccines are highly antigenic, non-allergenic, non-toxic, and predicted to be capable of inducing IFN-𝛾. Both mouse and bovine vaccines were tethered with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4-agonist adjuvants, beta-defensin 2 or 50S ribosomal unit to stimulate innate immunity for CMI development. Protein-protein docking analysis revealed strong binding affinities, while extensive 100-nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations indicated stable complexes between the vaccine structures and TLR4. These novel vaccine designs address an urgent clinical need in the livestock industry by potentially preventing and controlling BT in ruminants, warranting further exploration and validation through experimental studies.
Wavelength-tunable infrared metasurfaces with chiral bound states in the continuum
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Jiachen , Gu Liangliang , Hu Haifeng , Zhan Qiwen
Published: December 2024

In recent years, research on chiral bound states in the continuum (BIC) has surged, leading to the development of various chiral metasurfaces with narrow bandwidths by breaking of in-plane and out-of-plane symmetries. However, the ability to dynamically tune the working band remains relatively unexplored, which is valuable for chiral sensing applications. Optical phase-change materials, with tunable dielectric constants and switchable properties during phase transition, offer the potential for dynamic control of optical metasurfaces. This work demonstrates a wavelength-tunable infrared chiral metasurface by combining the phase-change material GST with chiral BIC structures. By varying the longitudinal tilt angle of the nanostructure, an infrared chiral metasurface with an extremely narrow bandwidth of chiral resonance and a CD value of over 0.8 is designed. The phase-change properties of GST enable wavelength-tunable chiral resonance without altering the structural parameters, and the influence of key structural parameters of the metasurface on the chiral resonance wavelength and CD value is analyzed. The proposed chiral BIC metasurface with phase-change materials shows promising application prospects in filter devices, chiral thermal switches, infrared imaging, and tunable chiral photonics.
Tubular-Aware Mamba for Accurate Retinal Vessel Segmentation: Preserving Fine Details and Topological Connectivity
Authors: Shao Dangguo , Xu Rui , Ma Lei , Yi Sanli
Published: December 2024

Accurate retinal vessel segmentation is crucial for diagnosing ocular and systemic diseases. Current methods struggle to balance noise discrimination with detail preservation, especially for capillary detection. This paper introduces TA-Mamba, a novel framework combining the State Space Model (SSM) Mamba with tubular structure perception modules. TA-Mamba utilizes a high and low frequency attention Mamba block, tubular-aware gated convolution, serpentine spatial convolution, directional feature fusion, and a convolution-up block. Experimental results on DRIVE, CHASE_DB1, and STARE datasets demonstrate TA-Mamba's superior performance, outperforming state-of-the-art methods in accuracy, continuity, and topological connectivity. This work represents a significant advancement in retinal vessel segmentation, effectively addressing challenges posed by low contrast and high noise in retinal images.
Merging GBS datasets to analyze the phylogeny of western Eurasian lime trees (Tilia) and place the Hyrcanian Forest taxa
Authors: Ala Nastaran , Bagheri Ali , Zare Habib , Harpke Dörte , Blattner Frank R.
Published: December 2024

Background
Morphological uniformity in Tilia (Malvaceae s.l., Tilioideae) and unclear species delimitations resulted in over 500 names associated with the about 30 species of this genus. This is also an issue for the Hyrcanian Forest diversity hotspot of northern Iran, where between one and seven Tilia species were described to occur. We used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to analyze the phylogeny of western Eurasian Tilia species, place the Hyrcanian Tilia populations, and infer their phylogeography. To arrive at a complete taxon sample, we merged our own data (104 samples) with a Tilia GBS dataset available in GenBank (11 samples) and processed and analyzed them together.
Results
We confirmed GBS data to be additive, i.e. independent datasets can be merged. We found three major groups within the Eurasian Tilia species and our analyses were able to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of the species. Neither T. cordata nor T. platyphyllos, both diploids and previously reported for Iran, are present in the region. Instead, the Iranian Tilia samples were identified as tetraploid by flow cytometry. Phylogenetic analyses clearly separated all species and found the Iranian samples to belong to T. dasystyla. The Hyrcanian populations we analyzed are genetically rather uniform but include a clade formed by individuals conforming mainly T. sabetii. Within the Hyrcanian populations we found a colonization pattern from the northwest to the eastern Hyrcanian forests.
Conclusions
Merging published GBS datasets from different labs will allow the study of geographically widespread taxa like Tilia, where representative species or populations might not all be accessible to individual researchers. Based on the samples we analyzed, the different taxa described for Iran belong genetically to T. dasystyla, with morphological variation that might be attributed to local environmental factors.
The ecological niche and population history shape mosquito population genetics: a case study from Caribbean islands
Authors: Helleman Pepijn , Schrama Maarten , Trimbos Krijn B. , Braks Marieta A.H. , Schaffner Francis , Stroo Arjan , Wouters Roel M. , Beek Jordy G. van der
Published: December 2024

Background: Despite their medical and veterinary importance, little is known about the general patterns in genetic population structure of mosquitoes. The scarce information that is available comes from a small subsample of cosmopolitan (and often pathogen-transmitting) species. This greatly hampers our ability to generalise previously described patterns of variation in mosquito population genetics to global mosquito biodiversity. This study aimed to explore variation in population genetics of species from a wide range of ecological niches and how variation in these patterns relates to species-specific ecologies and population history, using the mosquito fauna of the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire as a case study.
Methods: Mitochondrial COII sequences were obtained from 258 mosquito specimens belonging to six species, occurring on all three islands. Sequences were used in phylogenetic analysis and haplotype network analysis to assess the genetic variation between mosquito populations of each of the six ecologically diverse species, which vary in both their population history and ecological niche.
Results: Both the genetic diversity and population genetic structure were found to differ strongly between sets of species, leading to a subdivision into three species groups: i) non-native species with low genetic diversity across all three investigated islands; ii) locally native species with high genetic diversity and closely related haplotypes occurring on different islands; iii) locally native species with high genetic diversity and locally restricted haplotypes.
Conclusions: Our results show that the population genetics of non-native and native species strongly differ, likely as a result of population history. Furthermore, the results suggest that native populations may display distinct population genetic structure, which is likely related to differences in their ecology and dispersal capacity. Based on these results, we hypothesize that similar contrasts in mosquito population genetics along historical and ecological axes may be present worldwide.
Using Interpretable Survival Analysis to Assess Hospital Length of Stay
Authors: Li Yan , Hall Trevor , Razak Fahad , Verma Amol , Chignell Mark , Wang Lu
Published: December 2024

Accurate in-hospital length of stay prediction is a vital quality metric for hospital leaders and health policy decision-makers. It assists with decision-making and informs hospital operations involving factors such as patient flow, elective cases, and human resources allocation, while also informing quality of care and risk considerations. The aim of the research reported in this paper is to use survival analysis to model General Internal Medicine (GIM) length of stay, and to use Shapley analysis to support interpretation of the resulting model. Survival analysis aims to predict the time until a specific event occurs. In our study, we predict the duration from patient admission to discharge to home, i.e., in-hospital length of stay. In addition to discussing the modeling results, we also talk about how survival analysis of hospital length of stay can be used to guide improvements in the efficiency of hospital operations and support the development of quality metrics.
Nasal Microbiome in relation to Olfactory Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
Authors: Zheng Yan , Song Huiling , Zou Jiaojiao , Sun Zhonghan , Pu Yanni , Sun Liang , Li Qian , Yuan Changzheng , Wang Xiaofeng , Gao Xiang
Published: December 2024

Emerging evidence has highlighted that olfactory dysfunction, a common feature of aging, is increasingly linked to cognitive decline in older adults. However, research on the underlying mechanism, particularly the role of nasal microbiome, remains limited. In this study, we investigated the associations between olfactory function, the nasal microbiome, and cognition among 510 older adults with an average age of 77.9 years. Olfactory function was assessed using the brief Chinese Smell Identification Test, and cognitive assessments were conducted via the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale. Nasal microbiome profiles were generated through 16S RNA gene sequencing. We observed that olfactory dysfunction (i.e., hyposmia) was associated with an increased richness of nasal bacteria, and such observation was replicated in an external dataset. A total of 18 nasal bacterial genera were identified to be associated with olfactory function, with eight genera such as Acidovorax and Morganellabeing enriched in the hyposmic group. A composite microbial index of nasal olfactory function significantly improved the reclassification accuracy of traditional risk model in distinguishing hyposmic from normosmic participants (P=0.008). Furthermore, participants with a nasal biotype dominated by Corynebacterium had a lower prevalence of mild cognitive impairment compared to those dominated by Dolosigranulumor Moraxella. Our findings suggested that the nasal microbiome may play a role in the association of olfactory function with cognition in older adults, providing new insights into the microbial mechanisms underlying hyposmia and cognitive decline.
Task-related Controllability of Functional Connectome During a Working Memory Task in Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Yang Jie , Yang Jun , Liu Zhening , Wang Feiwen , Tan Wenjian , Huang Danqing , Ouyang Xuan , Tao Haojuan , Wu Guowei , Pan Yunzhi , Palaniyappan Lena
Published: December 2024

Working memory (WM) deficit is a prominent and common cognitive impairment in major psychiatric disorders (MPDs). Altered control of brain states transitions may underlie the neural basis of WM deficit. Brain controllability derived from Network Control Theory provides a mathematical framework to study how external signals may affect neural network dynamics and influence the transition to desired states. We investigate if shared and illness-specific alterations in controllability underlie WM deficits in MPDs. We examined fMRI data during a n-back WM task from 105 patients with schizophrenia (SZ), 67 with bipolar disorder (BD), 51 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 80 healthy controls (HCs). A region’s capacity to steer transitions to connectomic states with less input (average controllability) and difficult-to-reach states with high input (modal controllability) were compared across groups. The effect of altered controllability on clinical and cognitive characteristics, and their likely genetic and neurotransmitter basis were investigated. Compared to HCs, all MPDs had lower modal controllability of frontoparietal network. SZ and MDD shared modal controllability in default mode network and salience network nodes compared to BD and HCs. Only SZ had lower modal controllability of sensorimotor, auditory, and visual network nodes than HCs, indicating the need for higher sensory inputs to facilitate a state transition in SZ. Expression of genes that determine synaptic biology and chemoarchitecture involving glutamate/GABA and monoamine (dopamine and 5HT) receptor systems were more likely in the affected brain regions. A graded, transdiagnostic reduction in the influence of the triple network system and sensory networks in implementing state transitions underlies working memory deficits in MPDs. This deficit, especially pronounced in SZ, has its likely basis in synaptic biology and in glutamate/GABA and monoamine (dopamine and 5HT) systems.
The outcome of early perineal rehabilitation in obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a single-center experience
Authors: Martina Arcieri , Ginevra Battello , Graziano Annalisa , Matteo Alfarè Lovo , Stefano Restaino , Francesco D’Antonio , Alessandro Lucidi , Michela Segatti , Marina Comuzzi , Elisa Barbui , Chiara Carpenedo , Emanuele Biasutti , Lorenza Driul , Giuseppe Vizzielli
Published: December 2024

Purpose
The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) on symptoms and quality of life in women who experienced third and fourth degree perineal tears (Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries, OASIS) during childbirth. OASIS can lead to anal incontinence and dyspareunia, having important implications regarding the quality of life and health of women but, unfortunately, there is no standard practice for postpartum care following OASIS.
Methods
In this retrospective observational study, patients diagnosed with OASIS between January 2016 and June 2023 were enrolled. Since 2016, all women with OASIS have been routinely referred for physiatric evaluation and pelvic floor rehabilitation. Validated questionnaires (Wexner score and Marinoff scale) were administered to enrolled women to assess anal incontinence and dyspareunia.
Results
The study included 148 women, of whom 88 responded to the questionnaires. Participants were divided into two groups: those who underwent PFPT (n = 68) and those who declined it (n = 20). The mean follow-up period was 1447.35 days. The Wexner score was lower in the PFPT group compared to the no PFPT group (p = 0.050). The Marinoff score didn’t show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.381).
Conclusions
PFPT was shown to be effective in reducing AI symptoms in women with OASIS, improving quality of life and maintaining its effects in the long term, but without providing benefits for dyspareunia. Strengths of this study include the use of validated questionnaires, the long follow-up period, and the involvement of a specialized team of physiatrists and physiotherapists.
Safety and immunologic impact of neoadjuvant/adjuvant GM-CSF-secreting allogenic pancreatic tumor cell vaccine (GVAX) combined with cyclophosphamide, pembrolizumab, and macrophage-targeting colony stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibitor IMC-CS4 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Urman Arielle , Ding Yingjun , Durham Jennifer , Wang Hao , Qi Hanfei , Narang Amol , Burkhart Richard , He Jin , Le Dung , Laheru Daniel , Thompson Elizabeth , Jaffee Elizabeth , Zheng Lei , Purtell Katrina , Judkins Carol , Waisome-Stephens Charmaine , Liu Meizheng , De Jesus-Acosta Ana
Published: December 2024

Background: We previously reported increased M1/M2 ratio and decreased PDL1+ M2-like tumor associated macrophages (TAM) was associated with longer survival in pancreas adenocarcinoma (PDA). We hypothesized targeting M2-like macrophages, regulated by the colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF1) pathway, would be safe and induce an intratumoral immune response. We tested perioperative combination immunotherapy (CI): GVAX/cyclophosphamide (CY), pembrolizumab (Pem), and CSF1 receptor blockade (IMC-CS4) in patients with PDA.
Methods: Patients received two neoadjuvant cycles of CI followed by surgery and 4 adjuvant cycles of CI. Subsequently, they received booster Pem every 3 weeks and GVAX/CY every 6 months, for up to one year. Co-primary endpoints were safety and immune response in paired biopsies.
Results: Nine patients were enrolled and treated. We observed two immune related grade 3/4 AEs (diarrhea and rash). Comparison of paired biopsies showed 5 of 8 evaluable patients met the immunologic endpoint with >80% increase in CD8+ T cells. The increase was at least 1.8 times the baseline median absolute deviation.
Conclusion: CI had a manageable safety profile and led to increased intratumoral cytotoxic effector T cells.
Investigating the Artificial intelligence in prediction and evaluation sperm and embryo quality in In vitro fertilization (IVF): A systematic review
Authors: kaveh shahrzad , Ghafari Aida , khedri zahra , sohrabei solmaz
Published: December 2024

Importance: Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) have been developed to address infertility by improving embryo selection. Artificial intelligence (AI), using Time-Lapse Imaging (TLI), enhances predictions from fertilization to the blastocyst stage.
Objective: Studies show AI can identify suitable embryos more effectively than specialists, improving in-vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates by enhancing transfer success and reducing miscarriage risks. With IVF success rates below 40%, it is essential to explore AI methods to boost outcomes.
Findings: A systematic review in October 2024 searched databases like PubMed and Scopus using terms related to IVF and AI, excluding non-English and qualitative studies. Twenty-seven studies were reviewed; 17 predicted treatment responses with deep learning. Two studies used neural networks for successful treatment prediction, and eight employed ML methods such as NB, SVM, and RF, with an average AUC of 0.91. Models showed 90-96% accuracy, sensitivity, and precision.
Conclusion: AI technologies, particularly NB and Reinforcement Learning, show promise in improving IVF outcomes by enhancing classification and diagnosis while saving time. Interdisciplinary approaches using micro and Nano-biotechnology can help overcome clinical challenges.
Relevance: Examining the quality of sperm and egg separately using AI could further improve fertility testing and success in ART, optimizing clinical results.
The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)-Immune Network in People Living With HIV
Authors: Mueller Bridget R , Mehta Mitali , Campbell Maya , Neupane Niyati , Cedillo Gabriela , Lee Gina , Coyle Kaitlyn , Qi Jinging , Chen Zhihong , George Mary Catherine , Robinson-Papp Jessica
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated direct influences of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) on the immune system. However, it remains unknown if connections between the peripheral ANS and immune system exist in humans and contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory disease. This study had three aims: 1.) To examine the relationship between IL-6 and the parasympathetic/vagal component of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS-V) in people with HIV; 2.) To determine if the subtype and severity of HIV-autonomic neuropathy (AN) would predict distinct immunotypes; 3.) To compare the burden of non-AIDS-related co-morbidities between immunotypes.
Methods
79 adult people with well-controlled HIV underwent a standard battery of autonomic function tests summarized as the Composite Autonomic Severity Score and vagal and adrenergic baroreflex sensitivity (BRS-V and BRS-A). Levels of immune biomarkers were measured in all participants using the Target 96 Inflammation Panel on the Olink proteomics platform and immunotypes were identified using unbiased, non-negative matrix factorization. Mass cytometry (CyTOF) was completed on a subset of participants with and without autonomic neuropathy (N = 10).
Results
First, we found reduced BRS-V predicted higher levels of IL-6 (p = 0.002). Second, a pro-inflammatory immunotype defined by elevations in type 1 cytokines (IL-6, IL-17) and increased numbers of CD8 + T-cells was associated with autonomic neuropathy characterized by deficits in sympathetic nervous system activity (aOR = 4.7, p = 0.017). This pro-inflammatory immunotype was older with a greater burden of co-morbidities
Conclusion
Deficits in the parasympathetic/cardiovagal and the sympathetic nervous system are associated with inflammation and disease burden in people living with HIV. Future longitudinal research is needed to examine causality.
Effectiveness of Non-Energy Devices and Nerve Monitoring in Preventing Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury in Lung Cancer Surgery
Authors: Liu Caiyang , He Xing , Lei Yu , Shao Hong , Li Xiaoliang , Wang Yi , Li Ji , Ran Ran
Published: December 2024

Systematic nodal dissection is crucial for lung cancer patients undergoing complete resection, but it carries a risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury (RLNI). To protect the RLN, we utilized a combination of non-energy devices and RLN monitoring (NE-RLNM). Lung cancer patients who underwent uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were included in the study and divided into two groups: an energy group and a NE-RLNM group. Propensity score matching was applied to balance baseline clinical data, and both intraoperative and postoperative conditions were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors of RLNI. Among the 409 patients included, there were 187 in the energy group and 222 in the NE-RLNM group. After 1:1 propensity score matching, 166 pairs of patients were matched. The energy group reported shorter operative time (P<0.001) and less day 1 chest tube drainage (P=0.001)than the NE-RLNM group. However, the NE-RLNM group had a lower RLNI rate (P=0.011) and a higher recovery rate (P=0.034) than the energy group. Side of the primary tumor (OR=2.88, 95% CI: 1.20-6.88, P=0.017), pTNM stage (OR=5.62, 95% CI: 1.57-20.13, P=0.008), and surgical devices (OR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.18-0.91, P=0.029) were independent predictors of RLNI. The use of NE-RLNM appears effective in reducing RLNI incidence and improving recovery rates. Our study provides new insights into RLN preservation during complete lung cancer resection.
The Epidemic of Childhood Obesity and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Metabolic Characteristics and Effects of Therapy
Authors: Fabin-Czepiel Kalina , Zachurzok Agnieszka , Pieczyńska-Chapuła Karolina , Pyziak-Skupień Aleksandra , Matusik Paweł , Jarosz-Chobot Przemysława , Deja Grażyna
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study was to analyse whether children whose obesity occurred during the pandemic differed metabolically from children who were obese earlier and to assess the effect of one-year treatment following the end of pandemic restrictions. The prospective study of 55 children aged 10–18 years who were referred to the Outpatient’s Clinic during the pandemic due to obesity was conducted. Clinical data were analysed: time of obesity onset, BMI Z-score, body mass composition, blood pressure, abdominal ultrasound, biochemical parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, aminotransferases and Fetuin A concentration. Participants received recommendations to improve their diet and increase physical activity (PA). After 3, 6 and 12 months we assessed: BMI Z-score, compliance with recommendations, and biochemical parameters. Results: No significant differences between pandemic obesity and non-pandemic obesity were observed at the beginning and after one year. Both children who followed the dietary recommendations had significantly lower BMI Z-score after 3 months (Me 2.08 vs 1.89, p = 0.044) and children who declared increasing PA (47.3%) after 6 (Me 2.12 vs 1.86, p = 0.53) and 12 months (Me 2.12 vs 1.78, p = 0,008). The beneficial effect of PA was demonstrated in lower levels of Fetuin A in children with increased PA after 6 months (Me 480 vs 395 ug/ml, p = 0.07). Conclusions The “pandemic obesity” does not appear to be metabolically distinct from obesity that developed earlier and lasted longer.. Increase in PA and compliance with dietary recommendations seems still to be an important element in therapy and the context of metabolic complications. Fetuin A may serve as a potential new parameter for assessing compliance with PA recommendations and the rate of obesity progression.
Association of weight-adjusted waist index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with osteoarthritis
Authors: Guo Shaoyi , Chen Dan , Zhang Yunfeng , Cao Kaiqi , Xia Yongqi , Yang Dejin
Published: December 2024

Background
The Weight-Adjusted waist index (WWI) is a novel obesity assessment parameter that has been shown to be associated with mortality in various chronic disease populations and is also linked to the onset of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study is to investigate whether WWI is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in OA population.
Methods
The study analyzed a cohort of 3,554 OA patients drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2018. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Cox proportional hazards regression models, and subgroup analyses were utilized to assess the association between WWI and mortality outcomes. The dose-response relationship was examined using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model.
Results
Among the 3,554 OA individuals, 611 participants were determined as deceased (13%), and 26% of the deaths were due to cardiovascular causes. The fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards model revealed that elevated WWI values were significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.07‒1.52). The association between WWI and cardiovascular mortality in OA patients was only observed in the minimally adjusted model (HR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.12‒1.81). A similar conclusion was observed when the participants were grouped according to WWI tertiles. Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated elevated mortality rates among individuals with higher WWI. The dose-response analysis indicated a linear positive relationship between WWI and mortality rates. The above associations remained consistent across all subgroups.
Conclusion
Elevated WWI levels were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality in OA individuals independently.