bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arteritis and venulitis in systemic lupus erythematosus resulting in massive lower intestinal haemorrhage
Authors: HELLIWELL T.R. , FLOOK D. , WHITWORTH J. , DAY D.W.
Published: August 2010

A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with massive haemorrhage from the colon is described. Histological examination showed ulceration of the mucosa of the ascending colon with necrotizing vasculitis of the submucosal veins. Adjacent arteries were normal apart from one which had ruptured on the surface of an ulcer. This is the first clearly documented case of colonic venulitis in systemic lupus erythematosus and the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal haemorrhage in this disease is discussed.
Malignant histiocytosis. Report of twenty‐five cases with pulmonary, renal and/or gastro‐intestinal involvement
Authors: AOZASA K. , TSUJIMOTO M. , INOUE A.
Published: August 2010

Recent papers have shown that malignant histiocytosis (MH) can be well controlled if the disease is diagnosed early and treated intensely. Previous reports proposed the usefulness of lymph nodes and liver biopsy or bone marrow aspiration in making a diagnosis of MH, but even when a combination of these three procedures was used, between 24 and 61% of patients with MH could not be correctly diagnosed. In the present study, clinical and autopsy findings in 25 patients with MH were reviewed to identify possible alternative diagnostic sites to lymph nodes, liver or bone marrow. Clinical symptoms were observed in the respiratory (40%) and gastro‐intestinal (48%) tracts. Proteinuria was also frequently identified (60%). Autopsy findings showed that involvement of lung, stomach and small intestine, and kidney by atypical histiocytes were present in 100% of patients with respiratory symptoms, 85% of those with abdominal symptoms and 80% of those with proteinuria, respectively. From the analysis of this pattern of histiocytic infiltration, lung, renal, gastric or jejunal biopsies are demonstrated as sites for the diagnosis of MH.
Vasitis nodosa‐a site of arrest of malignant germ cells
Authors: HEATON J.M. , MACLENNAN K.A.
Published: August 2010

A 40‐year‐old man, with a history of vasectomy 11 years previously, presented with a tumour in his right testis. At orchidectomy a seminoma was found, together with a nodule on the vas deferens. Histological examination of this area in the vas identified the lesion of vasitis nodosa and also showed it to be the site of proliferating germ cells. The pathogenesis of this lesion is discussed.
Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the female genital tract
Authors: LADEFOGED C. , LORENTZEN M.
Published: August 2010

We describe three cases of xanthogranulomatous inflammation in the female genital tract—one affecting endometrium, tube and ovary, one affecting tube, ovary and parametrium and one confined to the endometrium. To date, xanthogranulomatous inflammation in the female genital tract has been reported in a total of 19 cases including the present three. The inflammation most often affects the endometrium but involvement of the vagina, cervix, fallopian tube and ovary may also occur.
Malignant coarctation of the aorta
Authors: BRYAN R. L.
Published: August 2010

A case of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the aorta is described.
A sertoliform endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium
Authors: FOX H. , BRANDER W. L.
Published: August 2010

Sertoliform endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the ovary are well recognized but, curiously, a sertoliform pattern has not previously been noted in endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the endometrium. An endometrial tumour is described which showed in some areas the typical appearances of an endometrioid adenocarcinoma and in others a pattern closely resembling that of a Sertoli cell tumour.
Incomplete septal cirrhosis: histopathological aspects
Authors: SCIOT R. , STAESSEN D. , VAN DAMME B. , VAN STEENBERGEN W. , FEVERY J. , DE GROOTE J. , DESMET V. J.
Published: August 2010

We have reviewed 60 liver specimens from 47 patients with the diagnosis of incomplete septal cirrhosis observed between 1968 and 1987. In reaching this diagnosis evaluation of the following histological features appeared to be helpful: parenchymal nodularity, thin incomplete septa, hypoplastic portal tracts, increased number of venous channels, abnormal spacing between portal tracts and veins, crowding of reticulin fibres between adjacent zones of hyperplastic parenchyma, hyperplasia of hepatocytes and dilated sinusoids. These histological features were not specific for incomplete septal cirrhosis as they were also present–although less evident and less frequent–in a series of 87 non‐cirrhotic liver specimens. Reticulin stains were an essential adjunct to assess the architectural disturbance, which was often inconspicuous in needle biopsies. Histological features indicating a specific aetiology were lacking in the great majority of cases. On histological and clinical grounds, incomplete septal cirrhosis resembles idiopathic portal hypertension, nodular regenerative hyperplasia and partial nodular transformation; in these entities an obliterative portal venopathy with non‐uniformity of portal blood supply to the parenchyma has been suggested as a pathogenic mechanism. In the present study phlebosclerotic lesions of the portal vein were found in only two cases. This might be explained by sampling error or, alternatively, the hypoplastic portal tracts observed might be a functional equivalent of obliterative portal venopathy resulting in a deficient portal blood supply. Non‐uniformity of blood supply to the parenchyma may explain the similarities between incomplete septal cirrhosis and the diseases mentioned.
A case of primary osseous malignant immunoblastic B‐cell lymphoma with intracytoplasmic mu lambda immunoglobulin inclusions
Authors: FICHE M. , TOURNEAU A.Le , AUDOUIN J. , TOUZARD R.R. , DIEBOLD J.
Published: August 2010

Primary malignant lymphoma of bone, so‐called Parker‐Jackson reticulosarcoma, is a rare form of extranodal lymphoma with a relatively good prognosis. It often corresponds to B‐cell lymphoma of high‐grade malignancy. We report a case of mu lambda immunoblastic lymphoma showing two distinctive features: an abundant reactive T‐lymphocytic population and unusual intra‐cytoplasmic inclusions. These inclusions were PAS positive and consisted of monotypic mu lambda immunoglobulin localized in peculiar aggregates of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Their morphological appearances resembled the well‐documented inclusions described in some varieties of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Detection of human papillomavirus in skin and genital lesions of renal allograft recipients by in situ hybridization
Authors: BLESSING K. , McLAREN K.K. , MORRIS R. , BARR B.B.B. , BENTON E.E. , ALLOUB M. , BUNNEY M.M. , SMITH I.I. , SMART G.G. , BIRD C.C.
Published: August 2010

Renal allograft recipients have an increased incidence of malignancy including squamous carcinoma of cervix and skin. There is growing evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV) has a part to play in malignant transformation at these sites. We have previously identified HPV DNA in the skin and genital lesions of such patients by dot and Southern blotting. In situ hybridization studies, using biotinylated DNA probes for HPV 4, 5 and 8 in skin lesions and 6, 11. 16 and 18 in genital lesions, were performed on tissues derived from the same group of patients. In the cutaneous lesions, only 25% of the specimens probed were found to contain virus by in situ hybridization; 60% of these specimens were found to harbour virus by dot and Southern blotting. In situ hybridization revealed HPV 16 and/or 18 in 86% of the genital lesions probed.
Cellular relationship impairment in maturation arrest of human spermatogenesis: an ultrastructural study
Authors: MEYER J.M. , MAETZ J.L. , RUMPLER Y.
Published: August 2010

Ultrastructural examination of testicular biopsies from cases of maturation arrest showed that there were characteristic abnormalities of the Sertoli cell junctional connections. These abnormalities together with the meiotic failure afford an explanation for the severe oligospermia or azoospermia noted in patients with maturation arrest. Premature setting up of ectoplasmic specializations in front of early spermatids and/or spermatocytes were also observed.
Malignant lymphoma of the urethra: report of a case with detection of Epstein–Barr virus genome in the tumour cells
Authors: OHSAWA M. , MISHIMA K. , SUZUKI A. , HAGINO K. , DOI J. , AOZASA K.
Published: August 2010

We report a primary non‐Hodgkin's B‐cell lymphoma of the urethra in a 78‐year‐old female. Serum antibodies for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) were negative, but there was a 40‐fold increase in antibodies to EBV‐associated nuclear antigen. Using PCR and in situ hybridization techniques, EBV genome was found in the tumour cell nuclei.
Myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast with distant metastasis and accompanied by adenomyoepitheliomas
Authors: CHEN P.C. , CHEN C.‐K. , NICASTRI A.D. , WAIT R.B.
Published: August 2010

A breast tumour in a 47‐year‐old female with axillary lymph node metastasis was interpreted as the rare malignant adenomyoepithelioma based on morphological and immunohistochemical studies. Multiple bone metastases developed and the patient died after 7 months. The malignant neoplasm consisted of cords and interlacing bundles of spindle cells with indistinct cell borders and clear cytoplasm. The cells stained positively for cytokeratin. S‐100 protein, GFAP, and muscle‐specific actin, and possessed basal lamina, pinocytic vesicles, tonofilaments, desmosomes, and intermediate filaments with dense bodies. In some areas, cells with microvillous projections enclosed small spaces. In the breast, foci of myoepithelioma with various morphological subtypes and infiltration coexisted, demonstrating the origin of the malignant tumour. The histogenesis of the myoepithelial tumours is discussed.
Mucosal mantle cell (centrocytic) lymphomas
Authors: FRAGA M. , LLORET E. , SANCHEZ‐VERDE L. , ORRADRE J.L. , CAMPO E. , BOSCH F. , PIRIS M.A.
Published: August 2010

The morphology, phenotype, genotype and clinical behaviour of four cases of mantle cell lymphoma (centrocytic lymphoma) presenting primarily in mucosa (two gastric, one in large bowel and one tonsillar) are reviewed. Their relationship with the broader group of mantle cell and mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas is also discussed. All four tumours showed a monomorphic picture of mantle cells (centrocytes) arranged in a diffuse, or vaguely nodular, pattern. Scattered non‐neoplastic germinal centres were entrapped within the tumour cells, although there was no follicular colonization. In two cases distinct epithelial infiltration by tumour cells was observed. All four tumours had a CD19, CD20, CDS, IgD, Leu8 immunophenotype, whereas KiM1P and CD10 expression were absent. DRC antibody showed loose aggregates of dendritic cells in three of four cases. Three cases showed PRAD‐1/Cyclin D1 overexpression by Northern blot analysis. Although we were not able to detect bcl‐1 rearrangement in the major translocation cluster (MTC) breakpoint, the possibility of bcl‐1 rearrangement involving other cluster breakpoints cannot be ruled out. The four cases evolved as a disseminated disease, involving either peripheral lymph nodes, spleen or bone marrow. The biological behaviour of mantle cell lymphoma presenting in mucosa appears, irrespective of localization or macroscopic presentation, similar to that of nodal mantle cell lymphoma. Their tendency to dissemination contrasts with MALT lymphomas, which tend to remain localized, and from which mucosa mantle cell lymphoma must be distinguished. The presence of lymphoepithelial lesions does not seem to be a useful differential feature, since occasional epithelial infiltration was seen in two cases. Reactivity with CD5 appears to be especially useful in distinguishing these, since all four cases were clearly positive, in contrast with what is usually found in MALT lymphomas.
Cutaneous ciliated cyst of the lower limb in a male
Authors: ASHTON M.A.
Published: August 2010

Cutaneous ciliated cysts of the lower limb are rare. Almost exclusively occurring in women they have been widely regarded as Müllerian heterotopias. A second case in a man is reported, the literature reviewed and the origin of this lesion briefly discussed.
The advantage of using a synoptic pathology report format for cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Karim R Z , Van Den Berg K S , Colman M H , McCarthy S W , Thompson J F , Scolyer R A
Published: August 2010

Aims:  Although the synoptic format is being increasingly used for primary cutaneous melanoma pathology reporting, no study assessing its value has yet been reported in the literature. The aim was to determine whether the use of synoptic reports increases the frequency with which pathological features that may influence prognosis and guide management are documented.

Methods and results:  Melanoma pathology reports (n = 1692) were evaluated; 904 were in a synoptic format [671 Sydney Melanoma Unit (SMU) reports and 233 non‐SMU reports] and 788 were non‐synoptic (184 SMU reports and 604 non‐SMU reports). Reports (n = 1354) from 677 patients who had both a SMU report and a non‐SMU report were compared. Almost all features were reported more frequently in synoptic than in non‐synoptic reports (P < 0.001). No significant differences were found in the frequency of reporting the main pathological features between SMU and non‐SMU synoptic reports. Synoptic reports were more frequently used by SMU (78%) than by non‐SMU pathologists (28%).

Conclusions:  This is the first study to provide objective evidence that synoptic pathology reports for melanoma are more complete than non‐synoptic reports (regardless of whether the reports are generated within or outside a specialist melanoma centre). All synoptic reports should include the facility for free text, be tailored to individual institutional requirements and be updated regularly to be of maximal value.
Detection of Y‐chromosome in gonadal tumours using fluorescence in situ hybridization: diagnostic value in intersex conditions including older patients with clinically unsuspected androgen insensitivity syndrome
Authors: Stewart C J R , Baker E , Beaton C , Crook M , Peverall J , Wallace S
Published: August 2010

Aims:  To evaluate fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for SRY, the testis‐determining gene on the Y‐chromosome, in gonadal specimens from patients with intersex disorders including two older individuals presenting with Sertoli cell adenomas and clinically unsuspected androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS).

Methods and results:  FISH, using probes for SRY and the X‐centromere, was performed on two Sertoli cell adenomas presenting as ovarian masses in phenotypic females aged 62 and 73 years with previously undiagnosed AIS. Gonadal biopsies and tumours from eight additional patients with known intersex disorders and XY phenotype were also studied. Signal for SRY was demonstrated in at least one specimen from all patients, and from 16/18 (89%) specimens overall. The specificity of FISH was determined by analysis of 10 sporadic ovarian tumours including six dysgerminomas and four Sertoli‐Leydig cell tumours: all cases expressed a female XX chromosomal signal.

Conclusions:  The demonstration of SRY using FISH is useful in the assessment of gonadal specimens from patients with intersex disorders, particularly in older individuals where the diagnosis may be unsuspected clinically. However, it may be necessary to examine multiple specimens in some cases to confirm the presence of Y‐chromosomal material.
Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma originating from hepatic progenitor cells: immunohistochemical and double‐fluorescence immunostaining evidence
Authors: Zhang F , Chen X‐P , Zhang W , Dong H‐H , Xiang S , Zhang W‐G , Zhang B‐X
Published: August 2010

Aims:  Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) is a rare form of primary liver cancer, showing a mixture of hepatocellular and biliary features. Data suggest that most CHC arise from hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). The aim was to investigate the origin of CHC.

Methods and results:  Twelve cases of CHC were studied by immunohistochemistry for hepatocytic (hepPar1, α‐fetoprotein), cholangiocytic cytokeratin [(CK) 7, CK19], hepatic progenitor cell (OV‐6), haematopoietic stem cell (c‐kit, CD34), as well as CD45 and chromogranin‐A markers. The combination of double‐fluorescence immunostaining consisted of HepPar1 with CK19, and c‐kit with OV‐6. All 12 cases demonstrated more or less transitional areas, with strands/trabeculae of small, uniform, oval‐shaped cells including scant cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei embedded within a thick, desmoplastic stroma; however, two cases were found to consist entirely of such transitional areas. Simultaneous co‐expression of hepPar1 and CK7, or CK19, was demonstrated in 10/12 (83.3%) cases of CHC. c‐kit expression was noted in 10/12 (83.3%) cases, of which 7/10 (70%) showed co‐expression of OV‐6.

Conclusions:  The results suggest that CHC are of HPC origin, supporting the concept that human hepatocarcinogenesis may originate from the transformation of HPCs.
Molecular cloning, transcriptional regulation, and differential expression profiling of vitellogenin in two wing‐morphs of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Tufail M. , Naeemullah M. , Elmogy M. , Sharma P. N. , Takeda M. , Nakamura C.
Published: August 2010

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is a serious pest of rice crops throughout Asia and exhibits wing dimorphism, with brachypterous adults having reduced wings and macropterous adults possessing fully developed wings. To understand the reproductive strategies in two wing‐morphs of this insect, the transcript encoding the major yolk protein precursor, vitellogenin (Vg), was cloned. The complete mRNA transcript was 6314 bp, which encodes a protein of 2063 residues including an 18‐residue putative signal peptide. Analysis of the mature protein revealed two vitellogenin‐N (or lipoprotein amino‐terminal) domains near the N‐terminus and a von Willebrand factor type D domain near the C‐terminus. In addition, a highly conserved motif GL/ICG, and a number of cysteine residues were identified near the C‐terminus. Northern blot analysis identified a ∼6.8 kb Vg gene transcript that was expressed exclusively in the adult female fat body cells. The expression profile revealed that the Vg gene starts to be expressed earlier (on day 3) in brachypters as compared to macropters where the mRNA transcript was observed on day 4. However, in both morphs, the amount of Vg mRNA increased to reach high levels during vitellogenic periods [from day 4 (in brachypters) and day 5 (in macropters) and onwards]. Reflecting the RNA transcription pattern, the Vg signal was detected by immunoblotting on day 3 and day 4 in haemolymph of brachypterous and macropterous females, respectively, and that was increased every day and remained high during the vitellogenic periods. Furthermore, the topical application of juvenile hormone (JH) III had up‐regulated the Vg gene expression suggesting that the Vg gene is regulated by JH in N. lugens. In addition, it was demonstrated by Southern blot analysis that there exists a single copy of the gene in the N. lugens genome. A delayed trend in expression (of both the transcript and the protein) demonstrated by macropterous females in the present studies supports the hypothesis of prereproductive long distance migration in this wing‐dimorphic species.
Pyrosequencing and characterization of immune response genes from the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (L.)
Authors: Jaworski D. C. , Zou Z. , Bowen C. J. , Wasala N. B. , Madden R. , Wang Y. , Kocan K. M. , Jiang H. , Dillwith J. W.
Published: August 2010

Ticks continue to be a threat to animal and human health, and new and novel control strategies are needed for ticks and tick‐borne pathogens. The characterization of the tick–pathogen interface and the tick immune response to microbial infections is fundamental toward the formulation of new control strategies for ticks and the pathogens they transmit. Our overall hypothesis for this research is that the tick immune system manages the maintenance of pathogens. Therefore, discovery of tick immune response genes may provide targets for novel control strategies directed toward reducing vector competency and pathogen transmission. In these studies, 454 pyrosequencing, a high‐throughput genomic sequencing method was used to discover tick genes expressed in response to bacterial and fungal infections. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were analysed from Dermacentor variabilis ticks that had been injected with bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus) or fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans) and ticks that were naturally infected with the intracellular bacterium, Anaplasma marginale. By this approach, ESTs were assembled into 5995 contigs. Contigs fell into the five main functional categories of metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental information processing, cellular processes and human diseases. We identified more than 30 genes that are likely to encode for proteins involved in tick immune function. We further analysed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT‐PCR) the expression of 22 of these genes in each of our bacterial or fungal treatment groups and found that seven were up‐regulated. Up‐regulation of these seven genes was confirmed for bacterial, but not fungal treatment by quantitative PCR (qPCR). One of these products was novel, encoding a new tick defensin. Our results clearly demonstrate the complexities of the tick immune system and mark new directions for further study and characterization of proteins that modulate microbial infections in the American dog tick.
The tricho‐rhino‐phalangeal syndrome – a case report
Authors: DOWNING A. , WELBURY R. R.
Published: August 2010

Summary. The diagnosis of tricho‐rhino‐phalangeal (TRP) syndrome may sometimes be confused with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED). Some of the facial features are similar but the hands of patients with TRP often have short distal phalanges, deviation at the proximal interphalangeal joints and, radiologically, a specific distribution of cone‐shaped epiphyses. This report describes a case of TRP syndrome with previously unreported hypodontia, which increases the similarity between TRP and HED.

Le syndrome Tricho‐Rhino‐Phalangien (TRP) est souvent confondu avec la dysplasie ectodermique (DE). Certaines des caractéristiques faciales sont les mêmes mais les mains des patients souffrant de TRP ont souvent des phalanges distales courtes, une déviation de l'articulation inter‐phalangienrie et radiologiquement une distribution spécifique: des épiphyses en forme de cône. Est rapporté le cas d'un syndrome TRP avec une hypodontie qui augmente la similitude entre TRP et DR.

Zussamenfassung.

Die Diagnose des Tricho‐Rhino Phalangeal (TRP) Syndromes wird manohmal mit demjenigen der Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasie (HED) Syndrom, verwechselt. Einige der Gesichttsmerkmale sind zwar ähnlich aber die Hände der Patienten mit TRP haben öfters kurze distale Phalangen, Abweichungen der proximalen unterphalangealen Gelenke und im Röngtenbild sichtbar ist eine spezifische Verteilung von konisch geformten Epiphysen. Dieser Bericht beschreibt einen Fall des TRP Syndromes welchen mit einer bisher nicht publizierten Hypodontie einhergeht. Das letztere vergrössert die Ähnlichkeit zwischen TRP und HED.

El diagnóstico del síndrome trico‐rinofalange (TRF) muchas veces puede ser confundido con la displasia ectodérmica hipohidrotica (DEH). Algunas de las caracteristicas faciales son similares, pero las manos de los pacientes con TRF por lo general presentan falanges distales cortas, desviación en las articulaciones proximales interfalanges, y radiograficamente, una distribución específica de epífisis coniformes. Este reporte describe un caso del síndrome TRF con hipodoncia, lo que aumento la similaridad entre TRF y DEH.
Congenital aplasia of major salivary glands in a 4‐year‐old child
Authors: O'MALLEY A. M. , MACLEOD R. I. , WELBURY R. R.
Published: August 2010

Summary. The case of a 4‐year‐old girl with marked xerostomia and rampant caries is described. Investigation revealed complete aplasia of all four major salivary glands, which is extremely rare. Eleven primary teeth were extracted and a strict caries‐preventive regime introduced. The patient had previously been advised to suck citrus‐flavoured sweets to stimulate saliva flow, but this must be discouraged.

Le cas d'une petita fille souffrant d'une xérostomie sévére avec caries rampantes est décrit. l'examen a montré une aplasie compléte des quatre glandes salivaires principales, ce qui est très rare. Onze dents temporaires ont été extraites et un régime alimentaire strict de prévention de la carle a été instauré. II avait été autrefois conseillé à ce patient de sucer des bonbons au citron pour stimuler le flux salivaire mais cette pratique doit être supprimée.

Es wird der Fall eines vierjährigen Mädchens beschrieben, die an schwerer Xerostomie und akuter Karies litt. Eine Untersuchung ergab, daß eine Aplasie aller ver Hauptspeicheldrüsen vorlag, was äußerst selten vorkommt. Elf Milchzähne wurden extrahiert. Daneben wurde eine strikte kariesprophylaktische Diät eingeführt. Die Patientin war vorher angewiesen worden, Süßigkeiten mit zitrusgeschmack zur Stimulierung des Speichelflusses zu lutschen.

Se describe el caso de una niña de 4 años de edad con marcada xerostomia y caries rampante. La investigación mostró aplasia completa de las cuatro glándulas salivales mayores, lo cual es extremadamanete raro. Once dietes temporales fueron extraidos y un estricto régimen preventivo contra caries fue instituido. El paciente previamente habia recibido consejos sobre chupar caramelos con sabores citricos para estimular el flujo salival, pero esto deber ser descontinuado.
Condylar hyperplasia causing progressive facial asymmetry during orthodontic treatment—a case report
Authors: EALES E. , JONES M. L. , SUGAR A. W.
Published: August 2010

Summary. Condylar hyperplasia is defined and its aetiology and prevalence are briefly reviewed. A case is presented to illustrate how the progressive nature of the condition can create problems for the clinician, particularly during orthodontic treatment of a child or adolescent patient. The benefits of interceptive surgery are illustrated, although such an approach does not necessarily mean that further surgery is avoided at the completion of growth.

l'hyperplasie du condyle, son étiologie el sa fréquence sont briévement passées en revue. Le cas présenté montre cmment la nature progressive de cette pathologie peut créer des problémes pour le clinicien notamment pendant le traitement orthodontique de l'enfant ou de l'adolescent. Les bénéfices de la chirurgie interceptive sont décrits mais ne signifient pas qu' un traitement chirurgical solt nécessaire à la fin de la croissance.

In diesem Beitrag wird kondyläre Hyperplasie definiert und ein kurzer Überblick über Ätiologie und Vorkommen gegeben. Anhand einer Fallbeschreibung wird gezeigt, welche Probleme durch die Progredienz der Erkrankung für den Zahnarzt bestehen können, insbesondere während der kieferorthopädischen Behandlung eines Kindes oder jugendlichen Patienten. Es werden die Vorteile der chirurgischen Therapie dargestellt, durch die allerdings nicht gewährleistet werden kann, daß weitere chirurgische Eingriffe nach Wachstumsstillstand vermieden werden.

Se define la hiperplasia condilar y su etiología y prevalencia se describen. Se presenta un caso para ilustrar cómo la naturaleza progresiva de la condición puede crear problemas para el odontólogo particularmente durante el tratamiento ortodóntico de un niño o adolescente. Se ilustra los beneficios de la cirugia preventiva, aún cuando este tratamiento no necesariamente significa que se evitará realizar más cirugia en al futuro cuando termine el crecimiento.
Changes in the oral health of children during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: O'SULLIVAN ELIZABETH A. , DUGGAL MONTY S. , BAILEY C.C.
Published: August 2010

Summary. Thirty children diagnosed as suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were followed up for between 6 months and 1 year during their treatment for the disease. Dental examinations were carried out at approximately monthly intervals for caries, gingival condition, plaque and calculus. The results showed a significant deterioration in gingival condition, but there were no significant changes in the amounts of plaque and calculus. No new carious lesions developed in any of the children's teeth during the study period.

Trente enfants souffrant de leucémie lymphoblastique ont été suivis sur une période de six mois à un an pendant le traitement de leur maladie. Les examens dentaires ont eu lieu tous les mois et ont porté sur les caries, l'état gingival et le tartre. Les résultats ont montré une détérioration significative de l'état gingival, mais pas de changements significatifs en ce qui concerne la quantité de plaque ou le tartre. Aucune lésion carioeuse ne s'est développée chez ces enfants pendant la période étudiée.

Dreissig Kinder mit Akuter Lymphoblastischer Leukämie wurden in einer Zeit von 6 Monaten–1 Jahr zahnärztliche überwacht, während der Behandlung der Krankheit. Zahnärztliche Untersuchungen für Karies, Kondition des Zahnfleisches, Zahnbelag und Zahnstein fanden einmal im Monat statt. Die Untersuchungen ergaben, Nachlass in der Kondition der Gingiva, aber keine bedeutende Änderungen in der Menge von Belag und Zahnstein. Während der Untersuchungszeit haben die Zähne der Kinder keine neue Kariesläsionen entwickelt.

Treinta niños diagnosticados con leucemia linfoblástica aguda fueron observados por seis meses y un año durante el tratamiento para la enfermedad. Se realizaron exámenes dentales a intervalos de un mes para caries, enfermedad periodontal, placa y cálculos. Los resultados mostraron que hubo un significativo deterioro en la condición gingival, pero no hubo cambios significativos en la cantidad de placa y calculos. No se observaron nuevas caries en ninguno de los niños durante el período de estudio.
The use of CO2 laser in the treatment of gingival fibromatosis: a case report
Authors: MASON C. , HOPPER C.
Published: August 2010

Summary. A case is described of gingival fibromatosis in a 10‐year‐old boy, in which gingival tissue was removed using a CO2 laser. The advantages of this method over conventional surgery were minimal bleeding and pain, allowing treatment of all quadrants in one visit. The disadvantages were the potential risks to the teeth and to the endotracheal tube. In this case laser treatment achieved a good result with minimal post‐operative discomfort, which is an important consideration for children.

Description d'une fibromatose gingivale développée chez un garçon de dix ans et supprimée à l'aide d'un laser CO2. Les avantages de cette méthode sur la chirurgie conventionnelle sont un saignement et des douleurs minimes permettant le traitement des quatre quadrants en une seule fois. Les inconvénients sont les risques potentiels encourus par les dents et le tube endo‐trachéal. Dans le cas décrit, le traitement par laser a donné de bons résultats avec des douleurs post‐opératoires minimes, ce qui est très important chez un enfant.

Bei einem 10 Jahre alten Knabe wird eine gingivale Fibromatosis beschrieben. Mit einem CO2 Laser wurde die fibromatose Gingiva abgetragen. Die Vorteile dieser Methode gegenüber der üblichen chirurgischen Methode, ist das minimale bluten und fast kein Schmerz. Dies ermöglichte die Behandlung aller Quadrante in einer Sitzung. Der eventuelle Nachteil der Lasermethode ist das erhöte Risiko für die Zähne und der Trachea. In diesem Fall konnte ein gutes Resultat erziehlt weden ohne post‐operative Nachteile. Dies ist grosser Vorteil bei der Kinderbehandlung.

Se describe un caso fibromatosis gingival en un niño de 10 años de edad en el ecual la encía fue removida utilizando laser CO2. Las ventajas de este método sobre la cirugia convencional fueron menor sangrado, y dolor permitiendo el tratamiento de todos los cuadrantes en la misma visita. Las desventajas fueron el potencial riesgo a los dientes y al tubo endotraqueal. En este caso, el tratamiento con laser produjo un buen resultado con mínimas complicaciones postoperatorias el cual es una importante consideración en niños.
Oral myiasis: report of two cases
Authors: AL‐ISMAILY M. , SCULLY CRISPIAN
Published: August 2010

Summary. Case reports are presented of two patients from Oman who developed myiasis in the palate. Both suffered from cerebral palsy and had incompetent lips. anterior open bite and very poor oral hygiene. Both patients had denuded areas of hard palate anteriorly. In both cases large numbers of maggots were found under the surrounding mucoperiosteam. Removal of the maggots and debridement resulted in resolution of the condition.
Caries experience of children aged 6–9 years in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: ALAMOUDI N. , SALAKO N. O. , MASSOUD I.
Published: August 2010

Summary. This study was conducted to examine the caries experience of children aged 6–9 years in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Overall, 1522 children were examined from six primary schools located in different areas of the city. Results showed that the mean dmft and DFT were 4.23 and 1.85, respectively. The mean dmft and DFT values excluding caries‐free children, however, were 5.71 and 2.95, respectively. Only 26.1% of the children were caries free. There was a high proportion of untreated dental caries and most of the carious teeth were treated by extraction. The need for effective preventive measures was stressed.

Résume.

Expérience carieuse chez des enfants âgés de 6–9 ans à Jeddah, Arabie Saoudite

Cette étude porte sur l'expérience carieuse chez d'enfants âgés de 6–9 ans de Jeddah, Arable Saoudite. Mille cinq cent vingt deux enfants de six écoles primaries de différentes quartiers de la ville ont été examinés. Les résultats ont montré que le caod moyen et le COD étaient respectivement de 4.23 et 1.85. Les valeurs du carod moyen et du COD ne tenaient pas compte des enfants sans caries qui étaient de 5.71 et de 2.95 respectivement. Seulement 26.1 des enfants étaient sans caries. Une proportion importante de caries dentaires n'étaient pas traitées et la plupart des dents cariées étaient traitées par extractions. Le besoin de mesures de prévention efficaces est souligné.

Karies‐Erfahrung bei Kinder im Alter von 6–9 Jahre, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabien

1522 aus 6 Primar‐Schulen, in verschiedenen Teilen der Stadt, wurden untersucht. Die Befunde zeigten dass der durchschnittliche dmft 4,23 war und der DFT 1.85. Aber die durchschnittliche dmft und DFT Werte bei welchen kariesfreie Kinder ausgeschlossen waren: 5,71 und 295. Nur 26.1% Kinder waren kariesfrei. Man fand einen hohen Prozentsatz unbehandelter kariöser Läsionen, und die meisten kariösen Zähne wurden extrahiert. Die Notwendigkeit von effektiven prophylaktische Massnahmen wurde betont.

Prevalencia de caries en niños de 6–9 años en Jeddah, Arabia Saudita

El objecto de este estudio fue examinar la prevalencia de caries en niños de edades compren‐didad entre 6 y 9 años, en Jeddah, Arabia Saudita. Se examinaron 1522 niños de seis escuelas primarias situadas en diferentes áreas geográficas de la ciudad. Los resultados muestran quo los principales valores dmft y DFT fueron 4.23 y 1.85, respectivamente. Los principales valores dmft y DFT excluyendo a los niños libres de caries fueron, sin embargo, 5.71 y 2.95 respectivamente. Solo el 26.1% de los niños estaban exentos de caries. Se encontró una gran proporcóon de caries dentales sin tratar y la mayoría de los dientes cariados fueron extraidos. La necesidad de efectivas medidas preventivas fue primordia.
MINI‐REVIEW: Habitat analogues for reconciliation ecology in urban and industrial environments
Authors: Lundholm Jeremy T. , Richardson Paul J.
Published: August 2010

1. Current views of anthropogenic environments emphasize the extreme novelty of urban and industrial ecosystems. Proponents of reconciliation ecology argue that we need to use such habitats to conserve biodiversity, given the inadequacy of natural reserve systems.

2. Some of the harshest anthropogenic ecosystems may be able to support indigenous biodiversity due to their structural or functional resemblance to natural ecosystems, habitats, or microsites that may be present in the region but not part of the historic ecosystem on a particular site. Here we review recent work that evaluates similarities between urban and industrial ecosystems and natural analogues, and explore the potential for these in reconciliation ecology.

3. We find that artificial habitats represent a gradient of ecological novelty which may be independent of the degree of human influence. While hard‐surfaced habitats such as walls and quarries are the most investigated artificial analogues (of natural rock pavements and cliffs), there are many other examples spanning a range of habitats in both terrestrial and marine settings. Analogous ecosystems may be present in the region but limits to dispersal can prevent appropriate species from reaching urban or industrial sites, and small differences in abiotic conditions can sometimes prevent colonization by native biota in otherwise similar artificial habitats. We suggest that a search for habitat analogues represents an important principle to guide reconciliation ecology in urban and industrial lands. In constrast, analogous ecosystems may also support pest species that exploit the similarities between anthropogenic habitats and their ancestral habitats.

4. Synthesis and applications.Identifying analogous habitats and ecosystems could enhance biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services in anthropogenic environments. Abiotic and biotic differences between artificial analogues and natural systems can be frequently overcome by ecological engineering to make the environment more suitable for native biodiversity, and/or assisted dispersal to allow suitable native organisms to reach appropriate sites within artificial ecosystems. Altering some habitats to become less analogous may help reduce impacts of pest species in urban and industrial areas.
Surgical specialization and training – its relation to clinical outcome for colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Anwar Suhail , Fraser Sheila , Hill Jim
Published: August 2010

Rationale, aims and objectives  Surgical sub‐specialization has been considered to be a major factor in improving cancer surgery‐related outcomes in terms of 5‐year survival and disease‐free intervals. In this article we have looked at the evidence supporting the improvement in colorectal cancer outcomes with ‘colorectal specialists’ performing colon and rectal surgery.

Methods  A literature review was carried out using search engines such as Pubmed, Ovid and Cochrane Databases. Only studies looking at colorectal cancer outcome related to surgery were included in our review.

Results  Specialist surgeons performing a high volume of colorectal cancer surgery demonstrated better 5‐year survival rates in patients, with less local recurrence. This was most evident in surgery for rectal cancer, where an association with increased sphincter saving surgery was also seen. Total mesorectal excision is now the accepted treatment for rectal cancer and has markedly improved survival rates and decreased local recurrence.

Conclusion  The outcomes in colorectal surgery continue to steadily improve. The training of specialized colorectal surgeons is a major contributing factor towards this improvement.
An integrative approach to species discovery in odonates: from character‐based DNA barcoding to ecology
Authors: DAMM SANDRA , SCHIERWATER BERND , HADRYS HEIKE
Published: August 2010

Modern taxonomy requires an analytical approach incorporating all lines of evidence into decision‐making. Such an approach can enhance both species identification and species discovery. The character‐based DNA barcode method provides a molecular data set that can be incorporated into classical taxonomic data such that the discovery of new species can be made in an analytical framework that includes multiple sources of data. We here illustrate such a corroborative framework in a dragonfly model system that permits the discovery of two new, but visually cryptic species. In the African dragonfly genus Trithemis three distinct genetic clusters can be detected which could not be identified by using classical taxonomic characters. In order to test the hypothesis of two new species, DNA‐barcodes from different sequence markers (ND1 and COI) were combined with morphological, ecological and biogeographic data sets. Phylogenetic analyses and incorporation of all data sets into a scheme called taxonomic circle highly supports the hypothesis of two new species. Our case study suggests an analytical approach to modern taxonomy that integrates data sets from different disciplines, thereby increasing the ease and reliability of both species discovery and species assignment.
Study of frog (Rana esculenta) proopiomelanocortin processing in the intermediate pituitary Identification of α‐melanotropin, β‐melanotropin, Lys‐γ‐melanotropin, and corticotropin‐like intermediate lobe peptide
Authors: CHAUVET JACQUELINE , MICHEL GILLES , ROUILLÉ YVES , CHAUVET MARIE‐THÉRÈSE , ACHER ROGER
Published: August 2010

The proteolytic processing of frog (Ranu esculenta) proopiomelanocortin in melanotropic cells of the intermediate pituitary gland has been examined through purification of the mature fragments by reverse‐phase high‐pressure liquid chromatography and microsequencing of isolated peptides. α‐Melanotropin, β‐melanotropin, Lys‐γ‐melanotropin, corticotropin‐like intermediate lobe peptide, and hinge peptide have been isolated and chemically characterized. The results show a high preservation in the processing sites of frog proopiomelanotropin when compared to bovine counterparts. They reveal also a great conservation of the processing enzyme equipment of melanotropic cells in tetrapods species. Identification of Lys‐γ‐melanotropin suggests the occurrence of an endopeptidase able to cleave between two basic residues. On the other hand α‐melanotropin does not appear to be N‐acetylated, as previously found in the clawed‐toad Xenopus laevis, and this feature might distinguish amphibian from mammalian proopiomelanocortin processing.
Homocysteine impaired endothelial function through compromised vascular endothelial growth factor/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase signalling
Authors: Yan Ting‐Ting , Li Qian , Zhang Xuan‐Hong , Wu Wei‐Kang , Sun Juan , Li Lin , Zhang Quan , Tan Hong‐Mei
Published: August 2010

1. Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and has been recognized as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on endothelial function in vivo and in vitro, and the underlying signalling pathways.

2. The HHcy animal model was established by intragastric administration with l‐methionine in rats. Plasma Hcy and nitric oxide (NO) concentration were measured by fluorescence immunoassay or nitrate reductase method, respectively. Vasorelaxation in response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were carried out on aortic rings. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with indicated concentrations of Hcy in the in vitro experiments. Intracellular NO level and NO concentration in culture medium were assayed. The alterations of possible signalling proteins were detected by western blot analysis.

3. l‐methionine administration induced a significant increase in plasma Hcy and decrease in plasma NO. Endothelium‐dependent relaxation of aortic rings in response to acetylcholine was impaired in l‐methionine‐administrated rats. The in vitro study showed that Hcy reduced both intracellular and culture medium NO levels. Furthermore, Hcy decreased phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) at serine‐1177 and phosphorylation of Akt at serine‐473. Hcy‐induced dephosphorylation of eNOS at Ser‐1177 was partially reversed by insulin (Akt activator) and GF109203X (PKC inhibitor). Furthermore, Hcy reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in a dose‐dependent manner.

4. In conclusion, Hcy impaired endothelial function through compromised VEGF/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase signalling. These findings will be beneficial for further understanding the role of Hcy in cardiovascular disease.
Cellular and molecular processes of regeneration, with special emphasis on fish fins
Authors: Nakatani Yuki , Kawakami Atsushi , Kudo Akira
Published: August 2010

The phenomenon of ‘epimorphic regeneration’, a complete reformation of lost tissues and organs from adult differentiated cells, has been fascinating many biologists for many years. While most vertebrate species including humans do not have a remarkable ability for regeneration, the lower vertebrates such as urodeles and fish have exceptionally high regeneration abilities. In particular, the teleost fish has a high ability to regenerate a variety of tissues and organs including scales, muscles, spinal cord and heart among vertebrate species. Hence, an understanding of the regeneration mechanism in teleosts will provide an essential knowledge base for rational approaches to tissue and organ regeneration in mammals. In the last decade, small teleost fish such as the zebrafish and medaka have emerged as powerful animal models in which a variety of developmental, genetic and molecular approaches are applicable. In addition, rapid progress in the development of genome resources such as expressed sequence tags and genome sequences has accelerated the speed of the molecular analysis of regeneration. This review summarizes the current status of our understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of regeneration, particularly that regarding fish fins.
Systemic therapies for mucopolysaccharidosis: ocular changes following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation or enzyme replacement therapy – a review
Authors: Summers C Gail , Fahnehjelm Kristina T , Pitz Susanne , Guffon Nathalie , Koseoglu Selim T , Harmatz Paul , Scarpa Maurizio
Published: August 2010

Abstract

The management of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is focused on the multi‐organ, sometimes life‐threatening, clinical manifestations that occur over time. In the past, the limited, symptom‐based treatment options led physicians to adopt a palliative approach towards individual disease‐associated complications. The availability of systemic treatments such as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has created a better prognosis for MPS patients, particularly when initiated early in life. As part of an integrated management approach, these therapies could be valuable in managing the ocular features that are present in many children with MPS. HSCT has been shown to stabilize or improve corneal clouding and optic nerve oedema for the majority of patients. Retinal degeneration, in contrast, seems not to be permanently arrested. ERT was more recently introduced and has therefore been less well examined than HSCT; with respect to ocular problems in MPS, the majority of reports indicate stabilization of corneal clouding or visual acuity. However, controversy remains about its effect on other ocular pathologies. Despite the lack of consistent ophthalmic improvement for all patients, both treatment modalities deserve consideration, because even reducing MPS‐related eye disease progression is worthwhile.