bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Disiplin Guru Pada Waktu Kehadiran di Sekolah Melalui Penerapan Reward dan Punishment di SDN Liang Anggang 1 Kecamatan Bati-Bati Kabupaten Tanah Laut Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Isnaniah Isnaniah
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari alternatif pemecahan masalah sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan disiplin waktu kehadiran guru di sekolah melalui penerapan reward and punishment di SDN Liang Anggang 1 Kecamatan Bati-Bati Kabupaten Tanah Laut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan sekolah dengan desain yang diadaptasi dari model Kemmis dan Taggart, Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus, setiap siklus mencakup empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah Guru PNS yang berjumlah 13 orang di SDN Liang Anggang 1 Kecamatan Bati-Bati Kabupaten Tanah Laut Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018.  Tenik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan observasi, lembar observasi digunakan untuk mengetahui disiplin guru dalam kehadiran di sekolah. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menghitung persentase guru yang hadir tepat waktu di sekolah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penerapan reward and punishment di SDN Liang Anggang 1 Kecamatan Bati-Bati Kabupaten Tanah Laut efektif meningkatkan disiplin waktu kehadiran guru di sekolah. Berdasarkan hasil observasi data pada akhir siklus I yaitu 69,3% guru hadir tepat waktu, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan siklus II dan mendapatkan hasil akhir yaitu 84,6% guru hadir tepat waktu. Berdasarkan indikator yang telah ditetapkan bahwa keberhasilan tindakan ini adalah minimal 80% guru hadir tepat waktu, Maka pada siklus II telah memenuhi kriteria dan dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa tindakan yang dilaksanakan pada siklus II dinyatakan berhasil.
Nilai Moral Pada Dongeng Nusantara Karya Na’an Ongky S. dan Fatiharifah
Authors: Kamariah Kamariah , Sari Missa
Published: March 2020

Hasil penelitian ini mengkaji tentang nilai moral dalam dongeng nusantara karya Na’an Ongky S. dan Fatiharifah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan, (2) mendeskripsikan hubungan manusia dengan dirinya sendiri, (3) mendeskripsikan hubungan manusia dengan manusia lain dalam Dongeng Nusantara karya Na’an Ongky S. dan Fatiharifah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis yang menganalisis manusia dalam masyarakat dengan proses pemahaman mulai dari masyarakat ke individu. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analisis. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah buku Dongeng Nusantara karya Na’an Ongky S. dan Fatiharifah. Buku ini diterbitkan oleh Saufa Kid’s dengan tebal buku 148 halaman. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik dokumen dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh sebagai berikut: (1) nilai moral yang berhubungan antara manusia dengan Tuhannya meliputi tiga aspek yaitu: bersyukur, berdoa, dan anugerah Tuhan, (2) nilai moral yang berhubungan dengan dirinya sendiri dua belas aspek yaitu: malas dan manja, ikhlas, loba dan kikir, sifat iri, jujur, sabar, lembut, cerdik, Optimis, berfoya-foya, egois, dan Licik, (3) nilai moral yang berhubungan antara manusia dengan manusia lain dalam lingkup sosial meliputi enam aspek yaitu: suka menolong, setia, rela berkorban, silaturahmi, bijaksana, dan musyawarah.
Profil Berpikir Kritis Siswa Dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Kemampuan Matematika
Authors: Rahimah Nonong
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil berpikir kritis siswa SMP dalam memecahkan masalah matematika ditinjau dari perbedaan kemampuan matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif menggunakan metode wawancara berbasis test. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari tiga orang siswa yaitu siswa yang memiliki kemampuan tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Kegiatan penelitian dimulai dengan memberikan tes kemampuan matematika, Selain itu, kemampuan setara, berkomunikasi dengan baik dan kebersediaan untuk diwawancarai menjadi kriteria peneliti dalam memilih subjek penelitian kemudian dilanjutkan tugas pemecahan masalah dan wawancara.  Keabsahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan triangulasi waktu yaitu pemberian tugas pemecahan masalah yang setara untuk kedua kalinya dengan waktu yang berbeda. Kemudian, data yang valid dianalisis untuk menarik kesimpulan. Sehingga hasil dari penelitian ini adalah profil berpikir kritis siswa dalam memecahkan masalah matematika berdasarkan kemampuan matematika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek yang memiliki kemampuan yang tinggi memenuhi semua indikator berpikir kritis, sedangkan siswa yang memiliki kemampuan sedang juga memenuhi semua indikator berpikir kritis namun pernyataan yang disampaikan kurang lengkap, dan yang terakhir siswa yang memiliki kemampuan rendah hanya sebagian indikator berpikir kritis saja. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa berpikir kritis yang dimiliki oleh siswa yang memiliki kemampuan tinggi, sedang dan rendah berbeda.
Hasil Penilaian Kinerja dan Capaian Kompetensi Guru (SMAN 2 Banjarmasin dan SMAN 13 Banjarmasin)
Authors: Rusnailah Rusnailah
Published: March 2020

Keberhasilan pendidikan dapat ditentukan oleh banyak faktor, antara lain oleh faktor guru, siswa, sarana dan prasarana, lingkungan pendidikan, dan kurikulum. Dari beberapa faktor tersebut, faktor guru dalam kegiatan proses pembelajaran di sekolah menempati kedudukan yang sangat penting. Untuk mengukur keberhasilan sebuah proses pembelajaran diperlukan suatu evaluasi secara terus menerus melalui kegiatan evaluasi kinerja guru oleh setiap sekolah terhadap keseluruhan indikator keberhasilan guru dalam pembelajaran. Atas dasar pemikiran tersebut, perlu dilaksanakan analisis hasil pelaksanakan evaluasi kinerja yang dilaksanakan oleh setiap sekolah, untuk mendapatkan gambaran secara rinci dan spesifik tentang indikator keberhasilan dan kekurangan guru terhadap kompetensi profesi guru yang terdiri atas kompetesi pedagogik, kepribadian, sosial dan profesional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar tingkat capaian kompetensi profesi guru berdasarkan pertimbangan kepangkatan seseorang. Hasil evaluasi dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan dan acuan setiap pengawas sekolah dalam menjalankan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya selaku pembina satuan pendidikan. Selain itu, hasil penilaian kinerja juga dapat kerangka acuan bagi Kepala Sekolah dan Pengawas Pembina dalam menyusun program pembinaan, melaksanakan dan menetapkan sasaran pelaksanaan supervisi akademik di sekolah tersebut.
Eksperimentasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Tik Menggunakan Metode Discovery Learning Dengan Peer Assessment Di Kelas Viii Smp Negeri 14 Banjarmasin
Authors: Asy’ari Asy’ari , Zulkarnain M. Rizki
Published: March 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas pembelajaran berbasis TIK menggunakan metode discovery learning disertai dengan peer assessment terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental semu dengan desain faktorial 3×3. Populasinya adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 14 Banjarmasin tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 93 orang diambil dari siswa kelas VIII D, VIII E, dan VIII F SMPN 14 Banjarmasin. Uji prasyarat meliputi uji normalitas dengan menggunakan metode uji Lilliefors dan uji homogenitas menggunakan metode Bartlett. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji ANOVA dua jalan dengan sel tak sama. Berdasarkan uji hipotesis, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang diberi perlakuan model pembelajaran berbasis TIK menggunakan metode discovery learning disertai dengan peer assessment lebih baik dari hasil belajar siswa yang diberi model pembelajaran berbasis TIK menggunakan metode discovery learning dan model pembelajaran konvensional. Selain itu, hasil belajar siswa yang diberi perlakuan model pembelajaran berbasis TIK menggunakan metode discovery learning lebih baik dari hasil belajar siswa yang diberi model pembelajaran konvensional.
Dekonstruksi Kemanusiaan Masyarakat Cempaka Dalam Novel Galuh Hati Karya Randu Alamsyah
Authors: Sulistyowati Endang
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkapkan dekonstruksi kemanusiaan dalam masyarakat Cempaka dalam novel Galuh Hati karya Randu Alamsyah. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan teori dekonstruksi yang berusaha membongkar dan mengungkapkan unsur kebahasaan yang berwujud teks dalam novel, sehingga menemukan realitas kemanusiaan masyarakat Cempaka yang difokuskan pada aspek kemanusiaa berwujud pemikiran, perilaku dan interaksi sosial tokoh. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, data penelitian berupa satuan cerita berwujud kata, frasa, kalimat dan wacana yang terdapat dalam novel Galuh Hati. Teknik analisis data dengan pembacaan setelah dilakukan pembongkaran teks secara analitis, kritis dan pemahaman secara mendalam sehingga diperoleh totalitas makna. Hasil penelitian ini mengemukakan dekosntruksi kemanusiaan dalam masyarakat Cempaka, meliputi: 1) Pandangan hidup yang meliputi pendidikan, dan kegiatan ekonomi; 2) cinta kasih sayang meliputi, kasih sayang dalam hubungan Ayah dan anak, hubungan persahabatan, serta hubungan dalam lingkup sosial masyarakat; dan 3) tanggung jawab meliputi tanggung jawab Ayah, anak, dan tanggung jawab moral masyarakat. Pembongkaran pada teks sastra yang menggunakan teori dekonstruksi mengungkapkan beberapa aspek kemanusiaan meliputi, belum tercapainya pemerataan infrastruktur bagi masyarakar desa, pendeskriminasian bagi suatu kelompok tertentu dan kebenaran yang bersifat relatif.
Penerapan Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah
Authors: Saberan Riduan , Susilawati Erni
Published: March 2020

Pendidikan sangat penting demi mewujudkan manusia indonesia yang seutuhnya selaras dengan tujuan pendidikan Nasional. Untuk itu inovasi dalam pendidikan harus selalu dilakukan agar mampu memberikan pelayanan pendidikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan atau perkembangan jaman. Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah (MBS) merupakan paradikma baru pendidikan yang memberikan otonomi luas pada tingkat sekolah dengan maksud agar sekolah leluasa mengelola sumber daya dan sumber dana dengan mengalokasikan sesuai dengan prioritas kebutuhan. MBS juga merupakan salah satu wujud dari reformasi pendidikan yang menawarkan kepada sekolah untuk menyediakan pendidikan yang lebih baik dan memadai bagi siswa.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Dalam Membuat Diagram
Authors: Ekawati Aminah , Agustina Winda , Noor Fahriza
Published: March 2020

Kemampuan pemecahan masalah adalah hal yang penting dimiliki oleh siswa dikarenakan adanya perkembangan zaman yang menuntut siswa untuk dapat memecahkan berbagai masalah yang terdapat di lingkungannya. Pemecahan masalah matematika memiliki berbagai strategi pemecahan, salah satunya menggunakan strategi membuat  diagram. Materi yang relevan dengan strategi tersebut di kelas 7  adalah himpunan. Dalam materi himpunan siswa dapat memecahkan masalah dengan menggunakan diagram Venn. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif.  Subyek penelitian yaitu siswa SMP kelas 7 yang terdiri dari 2 orang yaitu 1 siswa yang memiliki nilai di atas KKM dan 1 orang siswa yang memiliki nilai di bawah KKM. Teknik  pengumpulan  data menggunakan dengan  tes  dan  non  tes  (dokumentasi  dan  wawancara). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, menyajikan data, interpretasi data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) subjek yang berada di atas KKM dapat menyelesaikan masalah dengan benar dengan membuat diagram, dan (2) subjek yang berada di bawah KKM tidak dapat menyelesaikan masalah dengan benar dan tidak dapat membuat gambar.
“Jukung Banjar” Game Arcade 2D Berbasis Web
Authors: Noor Asyikin Arifin , Watoni Ali
Published: March 2020

Video game yang biasa disebut gim telah telah menjadi bagian dari sarana hiburan pada zaman modern ini. Awalnya gim hanya tersedia pada komputer khusus yang berada pada lembaga tertentu. Seiring perkembangan zaman, gim tersedia secara luas melalui berbagai platform, diantaranya komputer personal, konsol, telepon genggam, serta mesin arcade pada tempat hiburan. Ini tidak lepas dari tersedianya platform terkait dengan harga yang relatif terjangkau, serta peran dari pengembang gim itu sendiri. Dalam pengembangan gim, terdapat tools yang mampu mempercepat proses pengembangan gim yang disebut game framework dan game engine. Ada beberapa game framework dan game engine yang tersedia secara gratis, salah satunya adalah Phaser. Phaser adalah framework untuk mengembangkan gim yang berbasis web. Dalam membuat gim yang penulis ajukan, yakni gim bergenre arcade 2D, penulis akan menggunakan framework Phaser dalam proses pengembangannya. Harapannya setelah gim berhasil dibuat, gim tersebut dapat menjadi sarana hiburan bagi pemainnya, serta menjadi sarana pembelajaran bagi penulis dalam proses mengembangkan sebuah gim.
Tantangan Pendidik di Era Digital
Authors: Diplan Diplan
Published: March 2020

Di era globalisasi dan informasi ini, guru dan dosen mendapatkan tantangan berupa perilaku siswa yang senang berselancar di dunia maya melalui android, gadget atau handphone canggih yang mereka miliki. Perilaku siswa ini ditandai oleh adanya kecendrungan lebih senang membaca melalui handphone ketimbang buku, senang mencari berbagai informasi sendiri tanpa melakukan recheck lebih dahulu, senang mencari teman melalui akun media sosial, dan terkesan individualis. Untuk itu, guru dan dosen dalam pembelajaran harus mampu memanfaatkan Teknologi Informasi, menggunakan metode yang menyenangkan, memperkaya keilmuan dengan berbagai sumber bahan bacaan, dan mampu melakukan penelitian. Demikian uraian yang berkaitan dengan tantangan pendidik di era Millennial dan upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencari solusi terhadap tantangan yang dihadapi guru.
Strategi Pemecahan Masalah Open-Ended Siswa Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Tinggi
Authors: Rafiah Hajjah
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi pemecahan masalah open-ended yang digunakan oleh siswa dengan level berpikir kreatif matematis tinggi. Masalah open-ended yang digunakan adalah masalah aljabar dan geometri. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian merupakan siswa kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Sullamut Taufiq. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi pemecahan masalah open-ended siswa berpikir kreatif matematis tinggi dalam memecahkan masalah aljabar adalah dengan menduga sebuah jawaban lalu memeriksanya dan kemudian menggunakan analogi atau masalah serupa untuk penyelesaian selanjutnya. Untuk pemecahan masalah geometri, siswa berpikir kreatif matematis tinggi menggunakan strategi pemecahan dengan mengubah cara pandang terhadap masalah, membagi masalah menjadi beberapa submasalah yang lebih sederhana, menemukan pola, dan menggunakan analogi untuk masalah serupa. Berdasarkan strategi yang digunakan tersebut, dapat dikatakan bahwa siswa berpikir kreatif matematis tinggi menggunakan kemampuan berpikir induktif secara analogi pada pemecahan masalah open-ended.
Hakikat Isi/Materi Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Erliani Saadah
Published: March 2020

Tujuan Hakikat isi atau materi pendidikan tidak terlepas dari filosofi manusia itu sendiri yang diciptakan oleh Allah. Setelah manusia diciptakan dan tinggal di surga, tetapi karena mengalami larangan dari Allah, sehingga manusia diturunkan di bumi. Berawal dari ini dan perjalanan sejarah manusia, bahwa manusia tidak terlepas dari pendidikan yang sumber utamanya adalah Alquran dan hadis. Seiring perubahan yang begitu drastis yang dialami manusia, maka pandangan terhadap pendidikan menjadi dua versi, yakni versi muslim dan Non muslim. Hasil artikel ini, memperoleh temuan penelitian; Pertama, hakikat manusia dan pendidikan mengalami dinamika sejarah perjalanan yang panjang sehingga kalangan Barat dan Muslim memberikan legitimasi masing-masing yang berbeda tentang manusia dan pendidikan. Kedua, hakikat isi materi pendidikan tidak terlepas dari kurikulum dan guru yang mengajarkannya kepada peserta didik. Guru mengalami tantangan yang begitu besar dari dampak perkembangan teknologi, sehingga kerja sama antara orang tua dan guru menjadi kunci keberhasilan dari pendidikan yang diberikan, walaupun masih terdapat hambatan bagi dunia pendidikan saat ini.
Kompetensi Guru di Era Revolusi Industri 4.
Authors: Adrian Yudha , Agustina Rahidatul Laila
Published: March 2020

Guru sebagai agen perubahan dituntut memiliki kompetensi pedagogik, kompetensi profesional, kompetensi kepribadian, dan kompetensi sosial. Kompetensi guru menjadi bekal dalam menghadapi perubahan zaman. Di era revoluasi industri 4.0, kompetensi guru tidak sebatas nampak pada kehidupan nyata, namun dapat pula dicitrakan di dunia maya atau virtual. Oleh karena itu, guru harus proaktif dalam memanfaatkan perubahan iptek yang terjadi saat ini. Empat kompetensi guru harus dipadukan dengan kemajuan teknologi sehingga dapat diterima dikalangan peserta didik, teman sejawat, dan masyarakat luas.
Virucidal Activities of Zinc-Finger Antiviral Proteins and Zinc-Binding Domains for Virus Entry, DNA/RNA Replication and Spread
Authors: Ishida Tsuneo
Published: March 2020

The novel EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)-induced ZNFEB including its intronless locus and human protein variants, controls virus entry and exit from cell cycling in activated lymphocytes. ZNF ZCCHC3 binds RNA and facilitates viral RNA that is critical for RLR-mediated innate immune response to RNA virus. ZAP (Zinc-Finger Antiviral Protein) inhibits entry, replication and spread of certain viruses and promotes viral RNA degradation. ZAP may regulate DNA and RNA virus replication that ZAP inhibits Retroviral RNA production and HIV-1(Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus Type 1) infection by promoting the degradation of specific viral mRNAs. Futhermore, ZAP could regulate RNA virus degradation of SARS-CoV's (SARS Corona Virus) and MERS-CoV's (MERS Corona Virus) RNA virus. Replication of SARS-CoV requires proteolytic processing of the replicase polyprotein by a PLpro (Papain-Like Protease) that zinc conjugate inhibits SARSCoV PLpro protease activity. Zinc conjugated complexes as SARS-CoV 3C-like protease inhibitors play important role for this Zn2+-centered coordination pattern that the zinc-coordinating inhibitor is tetrahedrally coordinated. ZBD (Zinc-Binding Domain) is essential for formation of the functional Junin virus envelope glycoprotein complex. Complex ZBD regulates replicative arterivirus helicase and controls mRNA decay helicase. Viral inhibitor p53 down-regulates SARS-CoV replications that p53 inhibits replication of infectious SARS-CoV as well as of replicons and HCoV-NL63 (Human Coronavirus NL63). ZAP-70 kinase regulates HIV cell-to-cell spread that HIV usurps components of the immunological synapse machinery to ensure its own spread through cell-to-cell contacts. Enveloped viruses enter cells and initiate disease-causing cycles of replication that in all cases virus-cell fusion is executed by one or more viral surface glycoproteins denoted as the fusion protein. Virucidal activities of ZNF, ZAP and ZBD are recognised by which Zn2+ ions bind RNA and facilitates viral RNA that is critical for RLR (RIG-1 Like Receptor)-mediated innate immune response to RNA virus and highly diverse fusion proteins have converged on the same overall strategy to mediate a common pathway of membrane fusion, causing to lead enhancement of the anti-viral activity. Zinc ions become used as Zn-coordinated inhibitors for viral regulation of virucidal activities.
Pharmacological Activity of Honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia) in Boar Spermatozoa during Semen Storage and under Oxidative Stress
Authors: Ros-Santaella José Luis , Kadlec Martin , Pintus Eliana
Published: March 2020

In recent decades, an increasing number of ethnopharmacological studies have been dedicated to medicinal plants from South African fynbos. Among these plants, honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) has become a popular tea, mainly due to its healthy properties and caffeine-free status. The antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antimicrobial properties of this plant have been reported in several cell types, but its effects on reproductive function are still unknown. Here, we assessed the effects of honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia) on boar sperm parameters under induced oxidative stress (Fe2+/ascorbate) and during five days of semen storage at 17 °C without oxidative stress. In both experiments, four concentrations (200, 50, 12.5, and 3.125 µg/mL) of fermented honeybush were tested. Our results show that honeybush enhances sperm parameters, and no toxic effects were observed at any of the tested extract concentrations. Interestingly, honeybush (12.5 µg/mL) improved the sperm motility and kinetic parameters, preserved the plasma membrane integrity, and reduced the lipid peroxidation in the samples exposed to Fe2+/ascorbate (p < 0.05). In the stored samples, positive effects of honeybush on sperm parameters (motility, kinetics, acrosome, and mitochondria) were observed from 48 h until 120 h of semen storage (p < 0.05). Our results clearly show the protective effects of honeybush on sperm samples, thus promoting its use as a natural source of antioxidants for boar semen.
Model-Based Integration Analysis Revealed Presence of Novel Prognostic miRNA Targets and Important Cancer Driver Genes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers
Authors: Zaka Masood , Sutton Chris W. , Peng Yonghong , Konur Savas
Published: March 2020

Background: miRNAs (microRNAs) play a key role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression, and its heterogeneity at the expression, pathological and clinical levels. Stratification of breast cancer subtypes on the basis of genomics and transcriptomics profiling, along with the known biomarkers’ receptor status, has revealed the existence of subgroups known to have diverse clinical outcomes. Recently, several studies have analysed expression profiles of matched mRNA and miRNA to investigate the underlying heterogeneity of TNBC and the potential role of miRNA as a biomarker within cancers. However, the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network within TNBC has yet to be understood. Results and Findings: We performed model-based integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles on breast cancer, primarily focusing on triple-negative, to identify subtype-specific signatures involved in oncogenic pathways and their potential role in patient survival outcome. Using univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, we identified 25 unique miRNAs associated with the prognosis of overall survival (OS) and distant metastases-free survival (DMFS) with “risky” and “protective” outcomes. The association of these prognostic miRNAs with subtype-specific mRNA genes was established to investigate their potential regulatory role in the canonical pathways using anti-correlation analysis. The analysis showed that miRNAs contribute to the positive regulation of known breast cancer driver genes as well as the activation of respective oncogenic pathway during disease formation. Further analysis on the “risk associated” miRNAs group revealed significant regulation of critical pathways such as cell growth, voltage-gated ion channel function, ion transport and cell-to-cell signalling. Conclusion: The study findings provide new insights into the potential role of miRNAs in TNBC disease progression through the activation of key oncogenic pathways. The results showed previously unreported subtype-specific prognostic miRNAs associated with clinical outcome that may be used for further clinical evaluation.
Evaluation of a Novel Prototype for Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy
Authors: Lee Hee Su , Kim Junsik , Lee Eun Ji , Park Soo Jin , Mun Jaehee , Paik Haerin , Oh Soo Hyun , Park Sunwoo , Ryu Soomin , Lim Whasun , Song Gwonhwa , Kim Hee Seung , Lee Jung Chan
Published: March 2020

Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) has been suggested as an alternative option for treating peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Even with its clinical advantages, the current PIPAC system still suffers from limitations regarding drug distribution area and penetration depth. Thus, we evaluated the new PIPAC system using a novel prototype, and compared its performance to the results from previous studies related with the current MIP® indirectly because the system is currently not available for purchase in the market. The developed prototype includes a syringe pump, a nozzle, and controllers. Drug distribution was conducted using a methylene blue solution for performance test. For penetration depth evaluation, an ex-vivo experiment was performed with porcine tissues in a 3.5 L plastic box. Doxorubicin was sprayed using the novel prototype, and its penetration depth was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The experiment was repeated with varying nozzle levels from the bottom. The novel prototype sprays approximately 30 μm drug droplets at a flow rate of 30 mL/min with 7 bars of pressure. The average diameter of sprayed region with concentrated dye was 18.5 ± 1.2 cm, which was comparable to that of the current MIP® (about 10 cm). The depth of concentrated diffusion (DCD) did not differ among varying nozzle levels, whereas the depth of maximal diffusion (DMD) decreased with increasing distance between the prototype and the bottom (mean values, 515.3 μm at 2 cm; 437.6 μm at 4 cm; 363.2 μm at 8 cm), which was comparable to those of the current MIP® (about 350–500 μm). We developed a novel prototype that generate small droplets for drug aerosolization and that have a comparably wide sprayed area and depth of penetration to the current MIP® at a lower pressure.
Layer-by-Layer Deposition of Hyaluronan and Quercetin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles onto Titanium for Improving Blood Compatibility
Authors: Wu Xingda , Liu Cuijuan , Chen Hongpeng , Zhang Yanfang , Li Lin , Tang Nan
Published: March 2020

Surface modification is an effective way to improve the hemocompatibility of biomaterials. Quercetin has significant anticoagulation and antithrombotic effects, and thus it is a promising candidate agent for the surface modification of blood-contacting materials. In this study, quercetin was successfully encapsulated in tripolyphosphate–chitosan nanoparticles (TCs) based on the ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate (TPP) anions. Then, hyaluronan acid (HA)/quercetin-loaded TPP–chitosan nanoparticle (QTCs) films, in addition to HA/TCs films, were prepared separately using an electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly technique. The encapsulation of quercetin in the chitosan nanoparticles was confirmed by UV spectra. The quercetin-loaded multilayer coatings were also successfully self-assembled, as confirmed by the UV spectra and contact angle measurements. Platelet adhesion experiments were carried out with platelet-enriched plasma so as to evaluate the blood compatibility of the different samples. There were many platelets on the surfaces of the glass and HA/TC-coated titanium, which were partially activated but not aggregated. Meanwhile, many more platelets were observed on the uncoated titanium surfaces, most of which developed pseudopodia. By contrast, the platelet adhesion and activation were reduced remarkably on the surface of the HA/QTC-coated titanium. These results showed that the multilayer coatings containing quercetin could act as potential biomaterials to improve the anticoagulation performance of blood-contacting materials.
The Impact of Curcumin on Bone Osteogenic Promotion of MC3T3 Cells under High Glucose Conditions and Enhanced Bone Formation in Diabetic Mice
Authors: He Jia , Yang Xiaofeng , Liu Fan , Li Duo , Zheng Bowen , Abdullah Adil Othman , Liu Yi
Published: March 2020

Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is characterized by impaired bone microstructure and reduced bone density resulting from high glucose levels. Curcumin (CURC) is extensively applied in the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases. However, the effect of curcumin on bone metabolism in diabetic osteoporosis is unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the optimal concentration of curcumin on enhancing osteogenesis in diabetic osteoporosis. Osteoblasts were treated with a high or low concentration of curcumin under a series of concentrations of high-glucose conditions. Type 2 diabetic mice were intervened with curcumin. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and osteogenesis-related gene expressions were evaluated by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Bone formation was evaluated by histological staining. The findings revealed that curcumin suppressed apoptosis and enhanced proliferation and osteogenesis-related gene expressions of osteoblasts under high glucose concentrations (p < 0.05). The histological sections displayed reduced bone destruction and increased the growth rate of trabecular bone and the bone density of diabetic mice treated with curcumin, compared to diabetic mice. These results showed that curcumin could reverse the harmful effects of diabetic osteoporosis in a dose-dependent manner, and 10 μmol/L was regarded as the optimal concentration, which supports the potential use of curcumin for bone regeneration under high glucose concentrations.
Individual Tree Classification Using Airborne LiDAR and Hyperspectral Data in a Natural Mixed Forest of Northeast China
Authors: Zhao Dan , Pang Yong , Liu Lijuan , Li Zengyuan
Published: March 2020

This paper proposes a method to classify individual tree species groups based on individual tree segmentation and crown-level spectrum extraction (“crown-based ITC” for abbr.) in a natural mixed forest of Northeast China, and compares with the pixel-based classification and segment summarization results (“pixel-based ITC” for abbr.). Tree species is a basic factor in forest management, and it is traditionally identified by field survey. This paper aims to explore the potential of individual tree classification in a natural, needle-leaved and broadleaved mixed forest. First, individual trees were isolated, and the spectra of individual trees were then extracted. The support vector machine (SVM) and spectrum angle mapper (SAM) classifiers were applied to classify the trees species. The pixel-based classification results from hyperspectral data and LiDAR derived individual tree isolation were compared. The results showed that the crown-based ITC classified broadleaved trees better than pixel-based ITC, while the classes distribution of the crown-based ITC was closer to the survey data. This indicated that crown-based ITC performed better than pixel-based ITC. Crown-based ITC efficiently identified the classes of the dominant and sub-dominant species. Regardless of whether SVM or SAM was used, the identification consistency relative to the field observations for the class of the dominant species was greater than 90%. In contrast, the consistencies of the classes of the sub-dominant species were approximately 60%, and the overall consistency of both the SVM and SAM was greater than 70%.
Future Changes in Water Supply and Demand for Las Vegas Valley: A System Dynamic Approach based on CMIP3 and CMIP5 Climate Projections
Authors: Joshi Neekita , Tamaddun Kazi , Parajuli Ranjan , Kalra Ajay , Maheshwari Pankaj , Mastino Lorenzo , Velotta Marco
Published: March 2020

The study investigated the impact on water supply and demand as an effect of climate change and population growth in the Las Vegas Valley (LVV) as a part of the Thriving Earth Exchange Program. The analyses evaluated future supply and demand scenarios utilizing a system dynamics model based on the climate and hydrological projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 3 and 5 (CMIP3 and CMIP5, respectively) using the simulation period expanding from 1989 to 2049. The main source of water supply in LVV is the water storage in Lake Mead, which is directly related to Lake Mead elevation. In order to assess the future water demand, the elevation of Lake Mead was evaluated under several water availability scenarios. Fifty-nine out of the 97 (27 out of the 48) projections from CMIP5 (CMIP3) indicated that the future mean elevation of Lake Mead is likely to be lower than the historical mean. Demand forecasts showed that the Southern Nevada Water Authority’s conservation goal for 2035 can be significantly met under prevalent conservation practices. Findings from this study can be useful for water managers and resource planners to predict future water budget and to make effective decisions in advance to attain sustainable practices and conservation goals.
Protective Factors in Resilient Volunteers Facing Compassion Fatigue
Authors: Gonzalez-Mendez Rosaura , Díaz Matilde , Aguilera Laura , Correderas Julia , Jerez Yanira
Published: March 2020

Volunteers may be exposed to the negative consequences of dealing with human suffering, such as compassion fatigue. However, very little is known about the protective factors that contribute to their resilience. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent to which different strengths (psychological endurance, purpose, and social support), orientations to happiness, and compassion satisfaction predict volunteers’ resilient outcomes (subjective well-being and post-traumatic growth) and compassion fatigue. Participants were 116 Spanish Red Cross volunteers (77.8% women). They were separately classified into three groups (low, medium, and high) according to the 33rd and 66th percentile scores on each resilient outcome. Univariate analyses of variance and post-hoc comparisons computed separately showed significant differences in most factors analyzed, except compassion fatigue. Logistic regressions revealed that endurance, organization support, and eudaimonia allowed for the correct classification of 83.3% of those high in post-traumatic growth (82.2% of the true-positives and 84.4% of the true-negatives). In addition to endurance and organization support, purpose was the strongest predictor of well-being (85.7% were correctly classified, 82.8% of the true-negatives and 88.2% of the true-positives). Finally, lower endurance predicted compassion fatigue (65.7% and 61.3% of the true-negatives and 69.4% of the true-positives). Findings indicate ways to promote resilience among volunteers.
Holistic Governance for Sustainable Public Services: Reshaping Government–Enterprise Relationships in China’s Digital Government Context
Authors: Li Xuesong , Ding Yunlong
Published: March 2020

The notion of holistic governance was originally proposed to make up for the fragmentation of public service provision. However, such a notion also has a great potential to be transferred and understood in the digital government context in China, where there is an increasing need to reshape the landscape of government–enterprise relationships that can enable enterprises to involvement effectively in holistic governance, or the planning and design of public services. However, previous empirical studies on holistic governance have neglected the question of how to make this happen. The aim of this article is to fill these gaps, building on holistic governance theory, this article offers a theoretical framework for government–enterprise relationships under the holistic governance paradigm. The framework identifies a comprehensive set of relationships that explain how these relationships affect enterprises’ participation in public service provision. The empirical analysis is based on case studies of four e-services cooperation programs in China. We report three main findings. First, economic incentive should be developed in combination with a holistic governance strategy in order to encourage policymakers to reshape government–enterprise relationships. Second, it seems that the implementation of holistic governance is more effective when complemented with a managerial strategy in relation to organizational transformation. Finally, trust-building between governments and enterprises plays a pivotal role in nurturing the holistic governance paradigm. These findings have important policy implications for efforts to promote enterprise participation and cross-sector solutions to fragmented public service provision.
Resources-Stratified Guidelines for Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Relecom Allan , Federico Massimo , Connors Joseph M. , Coiffier Bertrand , Biasoli Irene , Moccia Alden , Salles Gilles , McKee Thomas , Miralbell Raymond , Borchmann Peter , Kuruvilla John , Johnson Peter , Cavalli Franco , Delavy Martine , Dietrich Pierre-Yves , Flahault Antoine
Published: March 2020

Hodgkin lymphoma is a haematological malignancy predominantly affecting young adults. Hodgkin lymphoma is a highly curable disease by current treatment standards. Latest treatment guidelines for Hodgkin lymphoma however imply access to diagnostic and treatment modalities that may not be available in settings with restricted healthcare resources. Considerable discrepancies in Hodgkin lymphoma patient survival exist, with poorer outcomes reported in resources-constrained settings. Resources-stratified guidelines for diagnosis, staging and treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma were derived in an effort to optimize patient outcome provided a given setting of available resources. These guidelines were derived based on the framework of the Breast Health Global Initiative stratifying resource levels in basic, core, advanced and maximal categories.
Factors that Influence Chinese Parents’ Intentions to Use Physical Violence to Discipline Their Preschool Children
Authors: Wang Haixue , Zhu Guangrong , Chen Jingqi , Lyu Linjing , Dunne Michael
Published: March 2020

This study explored factors affecting parents’ intentions to use physical violence (PV) to discipline their children in the future. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) guided selection of variables. A sample of 1337 preschool children’s parents from nine kindergartens located in a county of Henan Province, China were selected by stratified random cluster sampling. Data on parents’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control over PV, intentions to engage in PV to discipline their preschool children in the future, self-reported PV behavior toward their children during the past three months, and demographic characteristics were collected via a paper-based questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined putative predictors of parents’ intentions to use physically violent discipline. Nearly three-quarters of the sample said they definitely will not use violent discipline, while 23.4% either said they would use it, or did not rule it out. Logistic regression analysis showed that parents’ lower level of perceived behavioral control over using violence (OR 4.17; 95% CI: 2.659, 6.551), attitudes that support PV (OR 2.23; 95% CI: 1.555, 3.203), and having been physically violent with their children during the past three months (OR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.032, 2.556) were significantly associated with parents’ tendency either to include, or not exclude, the use of violent discipline. Parents’ subjective norms regarding PV had no significant impact on their intentions (p > 0.05). The influence of TPB constructs varied according to parents’ gender. Intervention programs that aim to reduce violent discipline should focus both on increasing parents’ perceived behavioral control over PV and changing their attitudes toward physically violent practices, especially among mothers and parents who have already used PV to discipline their children.
Evaluation of Health Information System (HIS) in The Surveillance of Dengue in Indonesia: Lessons from Case in Bandung, West Java
Authors: Faridah Lia , Rinawan Fedri Ruluwedrata , Fauziah Nisa , Mayasari Wulan , Dwiartama Angga , Watanabe Kozo
Published: March 2020

This study was performed to evaluate the health information system regarding the dengue surveillance system in Indonesia. Major obstacles to the implementation of an effective health information system regarding dengue cases in Bandung are examined, and practical suggestions on measures to overcome them are discussed. The study utilized a mixed-method research design using qualitative approaches: document analysis, key informants and focus group interviews. Thirty key informants were selected, comprised of policymakers, senior managers, and staff at the Ministry of Health. Data from documents and transcripts were evaluated through a modified Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework described by Ostrom. Through this study, we have identified several issues that hinder the effective implementation of the health information system in the case of dengue in Bandung. In the end, we propose several recommendations for reform that encompasses motivational, strategic, and structural approaches to each component of the analysis. Through evaluation of the health information system for dengue surveillance in Indonesia, we conclude that well-coordination in multi-level governance in a country as large as Indonesia is the key in the implementation of the health information system in different levels of agencies. Furthermore, the adaptability of human resources in adopting a new information system also plays an important part.
Effects of Long-Term Repeated Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Engineering Properties of Compound Solidified/Stabilized Pb-Contaminated Soil: Deterioration Characteristics and Mechanisms
Authors: Yang Zhongping , Li Xuyong , Li Denghua , Wang Yao , Liu Xinrong
Published: March 2020

The effects of long-term repeated freeze-thaw cycles and pollution levels on the engineering properties (qu, E50, φ, c, and k) of Pb-contaminated soils were investigated in various laboratory tests. These soils were solidified/stabilized (S/S) with three types of cement-based combined binders (C2.5S5F5, C5S2.5F2.5, and C5S5, cement, lime, and fly ash, mixed in different proportions; these materials are widely used in S/S technology). The strength and permeability coefficient of compound solidified/stabilized Pb-contaminated soils (Pb-CSCSs) were determined based on measurements of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), direct shear, and permeability. CT scanning, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests were employed to analyse the deterioration mechanisms under various repetitions of freeze-thaw cycles. The results showed that, under repeated freeze-thaw cycles, the engineering properties of Pb-CSCSs all degraded to varying degrees, though degradation tended to stabilise after 30 days of freeze-thaw cycles. The study also found that the pollutants obstruct hydration and other favourable reactions within the soil structure (such as ion exchanges and agglomerations and pozzolanic reactions). The activation of hydration reactions and the rearrangement of soil particles by freeze-thaw cycles thus caused the engineering properties to fluctuate, and soils exhibited different deterioration characteristics with changes in Pb2+ content.
Promoting Safer Sexual Behaviours by Employing Social Cognitive Theory Among Gay University Students: A Pilot Study of A Peer Modelling Programme
Authors: Dos Santos Luis Miguel
Published: March 2020

Unsafe and unprotected sexual behaviours are some of the significant challenges of health promotions and planning for current school environment. Although schools and health specialists constantly host conferences and workshops for adolescents and university students, the results are not significant. Particularly for sexual minorities, the heterosexual-oriented materials may not satisfy their needs due to the differences. As a recommendation, the current pilot study established a Peer Modelling Programme which engaged gay social workers and gay university students who have associated with unsafe and unprotected sexual activities. The outcomes of this Peer Modelling Programme indicated that gay undergraduate students tended to accept the recommendations and peer modelling exchanges from their gay social workers who understood their difficulties and sexual needs as sexual minorities based on the guideline of Social Cognitive Theory. In conclusion, this study may be used to develop additional social work materials, sexual health promotions and health plans for sexual minorities and people with special needs in the society. This research serves as a guideline to social workers who care about the issues of LGBT and sexual minorities.
High-Intensity Interval Circuit Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ballesta-García Ismael , Martínez-González-Moro Ignacio , Ramos-Campo Domingo J , Carrasco-Poyatos María
Published: March 2020

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has similar or better effects than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in increasing peak oxygen consumption (VO2max), however, it has not been studied when HIIT is applied in a circuit (HIICT). The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a HIICT versus MICT on VO2max estimated (VO2max-ES), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) of middle-aged and older women. A quasi-experimental randomized controlled trial was used. Fifty-four women (67.8 ± 6.2 years) were randomized to either HIICT (n = 18), MICT (n = 18) or non-exercise control group (CG; n = 18) for 18 weeks. Participants in HIICT and MICT trained two days/week (one hour/session). Forty-one participants were assessed (HIICT; n = 17, MICT; n = 12, CG; n = 12). Five adverse events were reported. Cardiorespiratory fitness, HR and BP were measured. The tests were performed before and after the exercise intervention programs. VO2max-ES showed significant training x group interaction, in which HIICT and MICT were statistically superior to CG. Moreover, HIICT and MICT were statistically better than CG in the diastolic blood pressure after exercise (DBPex) interaction. For the systolic blood pressure after exercise (SBPex), HIICT was statistically better than CG. In conclusion, both HIICT and MICT generated adaptations in VO2max-ES and DBPex. Furthermore, only HIICT generated positive effects on the SBPex. Therefore, both training methods can be considered for use in exercise programs involving middle-aged and older women.
Assessing the Impact and Equity of an Integrated Rural Sanitation Approach: A Longitudinal Evaluation in 11 Sub-Saharan Africa and Asian Countries
Authors: Apanga Paschal A. , Garn Joshua V. , Sakas Zoe , Freeman Matthew C.
Published: March 2020

Few rural sanitation programs have documented large increases in sanitation coverage or have assessed if interventions equitably increase sanitation coverage for vulnerable groups. We characterize the impact of the Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All (SSH4A) approach on key program WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) indicators, and also assess if these increases in WASH coverage are equitably reaching vulnerable groups. The SSH4A approach was administered in 12 program areas in 11 countries, including Bhutan, Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Mozambique, Nepal, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Repeated cross-sectional household surveys were administered over four rounds at annual follow-up rounds from 2014 to 2018. Surveys were conducted in an average of 21,411 households at each round of data collection. Overall, sanitation coverage increased by 53 percentage points between baseline and the final round of data collection (95% CI: 52%, 54%). We estimate that 4.8 million people gained access to basic sanitation in these areas during the project period. Most countries also demonstrated movement up the sanitation ladder, in addition to increases in handwashing stations and safe disposal of child feces. When assessing equity—if sanitation coverage levels were similar comparing vulnerable and non-vulnerable groups—we observed that increases in coverage over time were generally comparable between vulnerable groups and non-vulnerable groups. However, the increase in sanitation coverage was slightly higher for higher wealth households compared to lower wealth households. Results from this study revealed a successful model of rural sanitation service delivery. However, further work should be done to explore the specific mechanisms that led to success of the intervention.