bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phonon-based partition of (ZnSe-like) semiconductor mixed crystals on approach to their pressure-induced structural transition
Authors: Shoker M. B. , Pagès Olivier , Torres V. J. B. , Polian A. , Itié J.-P. , Pradhan G. K. , Narayana C. , Rao M. N. , Rao R. , Gardiennet C. , Kervern G. , Strzałkowski K. , Firszt F.
Published: November 2020

The generic 1-bond → 2-mode “percolation-type” Raman signal inherent to the short bond of common A1−xBxC semiconductor mixed crystals with zincblende (cubic) structure is exploited as a sensitive “mesoscope” to explore how various ZnSe-based systems engage their pressure-induced structural transition (to rock-salt) at the sub-macroscopic scale—with a focus on Zn1−xCdxSe. The Raman doublet, that distinguishes between the AC- and BC-like environments of the short bond, is reactive to pressure: either it closes (Zn1−xBexSe, ZnSe1−xSx) or it opens (Zn1−xCdxSe), depending on the hardening rates of the two environments under pressure. A partition of II–VI and III–V mixed crystals is accordingly outlined. Of special interest is the “closure” case, in which the system resonantly stabilizes ante transition at its “exceptional point” corresponding to a virtual decoupling, by overdamping, of the two oscillators forming the Raman doublet. At this limit, the chain-connected bonds of the short species (taken as the minor one) freeze along the chain into a rigid backbone. This reveals a capacity behind alloying to reduce the thermal conductivity as well as the thermalization rate of photo-generated electrons.
The invasive butterbur contaminates stream and seepage water in groundwater wells with toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Authors: Kisielius Vaidotas , Hama Jawameer R. , Skrbic Natasa , Hansen Hans Christian Bruun , Strobel Bjarne W. , Rasmussen Lars Holm
Published: November 2020

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are persistent mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds produced by many common plant species. Health authorities recommend minimising human exposure via food and medicinal products to ensure consumer health and safety. However, there is little awareness that PAs can contaminate water resources. Therefore, no regulations exist to limit PAs in drinking water. This study measured a PA base concentration of ~ 70 ng/L in stream water adjacent to an invasive PA-producing plantPetasites hybridus (Asteraceae). After intense rain the PA concentration increased tenfold. In addition, PAs measured up to 230 ng/L in seepage water from groundwater wells. The dominant PAs in both water types corresponded to the most abundant PAs in the plants (senkirkine, senecionine, senecionine N-oxide). The study presents the first discovery of persistent plant toxins in well water and their associated risks. In addition, it for the first time reports monocrotaline and monocrotaline N-oxide inPetasitessp.
Intrinsic electrical properties of cable bacteria reveal an Arrhenius temperature dependence
Authors: Bonné Robin , Hou Ji-Ling , Hustings Jeroen , Wouters Koen , Meert Mathijs , Hidalgo-Martinez Silvia , Cornelissen Rob , Morini Filippo , Thijs Sofie , Vangronsveld Jaco , Valcke Roland , Cleuren Bart , Meysman Filip J. R. , Manca Jean V.
Published: November 2020

Filamentous cable bacteria exhibit long-range electron transport over centimetre-scale distances, which takes place in a parallel fibre structure with high electrical conductivity. Still, the underlying electron transport mechanism remains undisclosed. Here we determine the intrinsic electrical properties of the conductive fibres in cable bacteria from a material science perspective. Impedance spectroscopy provides an equivalent electrical circuit model, which demonstrates that dry cable bacteria filaments function as resistive biological wires. Temperature-dependent electrical characterization reveals that the conductivity can be described with an Arrhenius-type relation over a broad temperature range (− 195 °C to + 50 °C), demonstrating that charge transport is thermally activated with a low activation energy of 40–50 meV. Furthermore, when cable bacterium filaments are utilized as the channel in a field-effect transistor, they show n-type transport suggesting that electrons are the charge carriers. Electron mobility values are ~ 0.1 cm2/Vs at room temperature and display a similar Arrhenius temperature dependence as conductivity. Overall, our results demonstrate that the intrinsic electrical properties of the conductive fibres in cable bacteria are comparable to synthetic organic semiconductor materials, and so they offer promising perspectives for both fundamental studies of biological electron transport as well as applications in microbial electrochemical technologies and bioelectronics.
Clinical impact of primary tumour location, early tumour shrinkage, and depth of response in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer with first-line chemotherapy plus cetuximab or bevacizumab
Authors: Sagawa Tamotsu , Sato Yasushi , Hirakawa Masahiro , Hamaguchi Kyoko , Fukuya Akira , Okamoto Koichi , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Muguruma Naoki , Fujikawa Koshi , Takahashi Yasuo , Takayama Tetsuji
Published: November 2020

The primary tumour location is an important prognostic factor for previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the predictive efficacies of primary tumour location, early tumour shrinkage (ETS), and depth of response (DpR) on mCRC treatment has not been fully evaluated. This study aimed to investigate the predictive efficacies of these traits in mCRC patients treated with first-line 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy plus biologic agents, namely, cetuximab and bevacizumab. This was a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 110 patients with pathology-documented unresectable mCRC. Patients with left-sided mCRC receiving any first-line regimen showed better overall survival (OS) than those with right-sided mCRC [33.3 vs 16.3 months; hazard ratio (HR) 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27–0.74; p < 0.001]. In patients with left-sided tumours, treatment with chemotherapy plus cetuximab yielded longer OS than chemotherapy plus bevacizumab (50.6 vs 27.8 months, HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.32–0.97; p = 0.0378). mCRC patients with ETS and high DpR showed better OS than those lacking ETS and with low DpR (33.5 vs 19.6 months, HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.32–0.79, p = 0.023 and 38.3 vs 19.0 months, HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.28–0.68, p < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, ETS and/or high DpR achieved in patients with right-sided mCRC receiving chemotherapy plus cetuximab were associated with significantly better OS than in those lacking ETS and with low DpR (34.3 vs 10.4 months, HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04–0.94, p = 0.025 and 34.3 vs 10.4 months, HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04–0.94, p = 0.0257, respectively). Taken together, our study demonstrates that primary tumour location is not only a well-known prognostic factor but also a relevant predictive factor in patients with mCRC receiving chemotherapy plus cetuximab. Additionally, both ETS and DpR could predict treatment outcomes and also potentially guide cetuximab treatment even in right-sided mCRCs.
Exploring the construction and infiltration strategies of social bots in sina microblog
Authors: Wang Wenxian , Chen Xingshu , Jiang Shuyu , Wang Haizhou , Yin Mingyong , Wang Peiming
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, millions of people use Online Social Networks (OSNs) like Twitter, Facebook and Sina Microblog, to express opinions on current events. The widespread use of these OSNs has also led to the emergence of social bots. What is more, the existence of social bots is so powerful that some of them can turn into influential users. In this paper, we studied the automated construction technology and infiltration strategies of social bots in Sina Microblog, aiming at building friendly and influential social bots to resist malicious interpretations. Firstly, we studied the critical technology of Sina Microblog data collection, which indicates that the defense mechanism of that is vulnerable. Then, we constructed 96 social bots in Sina Microblog and researched the influence of different infiltration strategies, like different attribute settings and various types of interactions. Finally, our social bots gained 5546 followers in the 42-day infiltration period with a 100% survival rate. The results show that the infiltration strategies we proposed are effective and can help social bots escape detection of Sina Microblog defense mechanism as well. The study in this paper sounds an alarm for Sina Microblog defense mechanism and provides a valuable reference for social bots detection.
Cessation of Bezafibrate in patients with chronic kidney disease improves renal function
Authors: Zingerman Boris , Ziv Danny , Feder Krengel Netta , Korzets Asher , Matok Ilan
Published: November 2020

Bezafibrate (BzF) is eliminated by renal excretion and dosage must be reduced in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is a concern that BzF causes a further deterioration in renal function in patients with CKD. This study assessed whether BzF discontinuation or dose reduction in CKD patients improves renal function. 117 CKD patients treated with BzF between 2009 and 2014 were studied for demographics, comorbid conditions and laboratory variables. Data compared 2 groups: an intervention group of 64 patients where recommendations regarding BzF administration was implemented and a control group of 37 patients. Follow-up was maintained for 12 months. In the intervention group, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increased from 38 to 42 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.01); blood urea levels decreased from 81 to 77 mg/dL (p = 0.04). Serum creatinine decreased by more than 0.2 mg/dL in 45% of the intervention group, as compared to 19% of the control group (p < 0.01). Improvement in eGFR was seen exclusively in patients who stopped BzF completely (eGFR increased from 38 to 44 mL/min/1.73 m2). In the intervention group, TG level increased from 183 to 220 mg/dL (p < 0.001). BzF cessation in approximately 50% of patients with CKD was associated with an increase in eGFR.
Characterisation of CD4+ T-cell subtypes using single cell RNA sequencing and the impact of cell number and sequencing depth
Authors: Ding James , Smith Samantha L. , Orozco Gisela , Barton Anne , Eyre Steve , Martin Paul
Published: November 2020

CD4+ T-cells represent a heterogeneous collection of specialised sub-types and are a key cell type in the pathogenesis of many diseases due to their role in the adaptive immune system. By investigating CD4+ T-cells at the single cell level, using RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), there is the potential to identify specific cell states driving disease or treatment response. However, the impact of sequencing depth and cell numbers, two important factors in scRNA-seq, has not been determined for a complex cell population such as CD4+ T-cells. We therefore generated a high depth, high cell number dataset to determine the effect of reduced sequencing depth and cell number on the ability to accurately identify CD4+ T-cell subtypes. Furthermore, we investigated T-cell signatures under resting and stimulated conditions to assess cluster specific effects of stimulation. We found that firstly, cell number has a much more profound effect than sequencing depth on the ability to classify cells; secondly, this effect is greater when cells are unstimulated and finally, resting and stimulated samples can be combined to leverage additional power whilst still allowing differences between samples to be observed. While based on one individual, these results could inform future scRNA-seq studies to ensure the most efficient experimental design.
Palaeo-productivity record from Norwegian Sea enables North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) reconstruction for the last 8000 years
Authors: Becker Lukas W. M. , Sejrup Hans Petter , Hjelstuen Berit O. , Haflidason Haflidi , Kjennbakken Heidi , Werner Johannes P.
Published: November 2020

The North Atlantic Oscillation is the dominant atmospheric driver of North Atlantic climate variability with phases corresponding to droughts and cold spells in Europe. Here, we exploit a suggested anti-correlation of North Atlantic Oscillation-phase and north-eastern North Atlantic primary productivity by investigation of south-eastern Norwegian Sea sediment cores spanning the last 8000 years. Age model uncertainties between 2 and 13 years for the period 1992–1850 AD allows for the proxy to observational data calibration. Our data suggest that Ca/Fe core-scanning results reflect sedimentary CaCO3variability in the region. Cross-correlating the Ca/Fe record with nearby phytoplankton counts and dissolved O2data suggests that Ca/Fe can be used as a proxy for primary productivity variability in the region. Our data support an anti-correlation of primary productivity to the winter North Atlantic Oscillation index. Hence, we propose a sub-decadally resolved palaeo-North Atlantic Oscillation reconstruction based on an open-ocean record spanning the last 8000 years.
On-treatment measurements of circulating tumor DNA during FOLFOX therapy in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Moser Tina , Waldispuehl-Geigl Julie , Belic Jelena , Weber Sabrina , Zhou Qing , Hasenleithner Samantha O. , Graf Ricarda , Terzic Jasmin Alia , Posch Florian , Sill Heinz , Lax Sigurd , Kashofer Karl , Hoefler Gerald , Schoellnast Helmut , Heitzer Ellen , Geigl Jochen B. , Bauernhofer Thomas , Speicher Michael R.
Published: November 2020

We addressed a significant unknown feature of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), i.e., how ctDNA levels change during chemotherapy, by serially monitoring ctDNA in patients with colorectal cancer during the 48-h application of FOLFOX. Surprisingly, we did not observe a spike in ctDNA as a sign of a responsive tumor, but instead ctDNA levels initially decreased and remained low in patients with stable disease or partial response. Our observations reveal further insights into cell destruction during chemotherapy with important implications for the management of patients.
Let Sleeping Patients Lie, avoiding unnecessary overnight vitals monitoring using a clinically based deep-learning model
Authors: Tóth Viktor , Meytlis Marsha , Barnaby Douglas P. , Bock Kevin R. , Oppenheim Michael I. , Al-Abed Yousef , McGinn Thomas , Davidson Karina W. , Becker Lance B. , Hirsch Jamie S. , Zanos Theodoros P.
Published: November 2020

Impaired sleep for hospital patients is an all too common reality. Sleep disruptions due to unnecessary overnight vital sign monitoring are associated with delirium, cognitive impairment, weakened immunity, hypertension, increased stress, and mortality. It is also one of the most common complaints of hospital patients while imposing additional burdens on healthcare providers. Previous efforts to forgo overnight vital sign measurements and improve patient sleep used providers’ subjective stability assessment or utilized an expanded, thus harder to retrieve, set of vitals and laboratory results to predict overnight clinical risk. Here, we present a model that incorporates past values of a small set of vital signs and predicts overnight stability for any given patient-night. Using data obtained from a multi-hospital health system between 2012 and 2019, a recurrent deep neural network was trained and evaluated using ~2.3 million admissions and 26 million vital sign assessments. The algorithm is agnostic to patient location, condition, and demographics, and relies only on sequences of five vital sign measurements, a calculated Modified Early Warning Score, and patient age. We achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.966 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.956–0.967) on the retrospective testing set, and 0.971 (95% CI 0.965–0.974) on the prospective set to predict overnight patient stability. The model enables safe avoidance of overnight monitoring for ~50% of patient-nights, while only misclassifying 2 out of 10,000 patient-nights as stable. Our approach is straightforward to deploy, only requires regularly obtained vital signs, and delivers easily actionable clinical predictions for a peaceful sleep in hospitals.
ppGpp functions as an alarmone in metazoa
Authors: Ito Doshun , Kawamura Hinata , Oikawa Akira , Ihara Yuta , Shibata Toshio , Nakamura Nobuhiro , Asano Tsunaki , Kawabata Shun-Ichiro , Suzuki Takashi , Masuda Shinji
Published: November 2020

Guanosine 3′,5′-bis(pyrophosphate) (ppGpp) functions as a second messenger in bacteria to adjust their physiology in response to environmental changes. In recent years, the ppGpp-specific hydrolase, metazoan SpoT homolog-1 (Mesh1), was shown to have important roles for growth under nutrient deficiency in Drosophila melanogaster. Curiously, however, ppGpp has never been detected in animal cells, and therefore the physiological relevance of this molecule, if any, in metazoans has not been established. Here, we report the detection of ppGpp in Drosophila and human cells and demonstrate that ppGpp accumulation induces metabolic changes, cell death, and eventually lethality in Drosophila. Our results provide the evidence of the existence and function of the ppGpp-dependent stringent response in animals.
HACS1 signaling adaptor protein recognizes a motif in the paired immunoglobulin receptor B cytoplasmic domain
Authors: Kwan Jamie J. , Slavkovic Sladjana , Piazza Michael , Wang Dingyan , Dieckmann Thorsten , Johnson Philip E. , Wen Xiao-Yan , Donaldson Logan W.
Published: November 2020

Hematopoietic adaptor containing SH3 and SAM domains-1 (HACS1) is a signaling protein with two juxtaposed protein–protein interaction domains and an intrinsically unstructured region that spans half the sequence. Here, we describe the interaction between the HACS1 SH3 domain and a sequence near the third immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM3) of the paired immunoglobulin receptor B (PIRB). From surface plasmon resonance binding assays using a mouse and human PIRB ITIM3 phosphopeptides as ligands, the HACS1 SH3 domain and SHP2 N-terminal SH2 domain demonstrated comparable affinities in the micromolar range. Since the PIRB ITIM3 sequence represents an atypical ligand for an SH3 domain, we determined the NMR structure of the HACS1 SH3 domain and performed a chemical shift mapping study. This study showed that the binding site on the HACS1 SH3 domain for PIRB shares many of the same amino acids found in a canonical binding cleft normally associated with polyproline ligands. Molecular modeling suggests that the respective binding sites in PIRB ITIM3 for the HACS1 SH3 domain and the SHP2 SH2 domain are too close to permit simultaneous binding. As a result, the HACS1-PIRB partnership has the potential to amalgamate signaling pathways that influence both immune and neuronal cell fate.
Charge guides pathway selection in β-sheet fibrillizing peptide co-assembly
Authors: Seroski Dillon T. , Dong Xin , Wong Kong M. , Liu Renjie , Shao Qing , Paravastu Anant K. , Hall Carol K. , Hudalla Gregory A.
Published: November 2020

Peptide co-assembly is attractive for creating biomaterials with new forms and functions. Emergence of these properties depends on the peptide content of the final assembled structure, which is difficult to predict in multicomponent systems. Here using experiments and simulations we show that charge governs content by affecting propensity for self- and co-association in binary CATCH(+/−) peptide systems. Equimolar mixtures of CATCH(2+/2−), CATCH(4+/4−), and CATCH(6+/6−) formed two-component β-sheets. Solid-state NMR suggested the cationic peptide predominated in the final assemblies. The cationic-to-anionic peptide ratio decreased with increasing charge. CATCH(2+) formed β-sheets when alone, whereas the other peptides remained unassembled. Fibrillization rate increased with peptide charge. The zwitterionic CATCH parent peptide, “Q11”, assembled slowly and only at decreased simulation temperature. These results demonstrate that increasing charge draws complementary peptides together faster, favoring co-assembly, while like-charged molecules repel. We foresee these insights enabling development of co-assembled peptide biomaterials with defined content and predictable properties.
A simple hydrogel device with flow-through channels to maintain dissipative non-equilibrium phenomena
Authors: Dúzs Brigitta , Szalai István
Published: November 2020

The development of autonomous chemical systems that could imitate the properties of living matter, is a challenging problem at the meeting point of materials science and nonequilibrium chemistry. Here we design a multi-channel gel reactor in which out-of-equilibrium conditions are maintained by antagonistic chemical gradients. Our device is a rectangular hydrogel with two or more channels for the flows of separated reactants, which diffuse into the gel to react. The relative position of the channels acts as geometric control parameters, while the concentrations of the chemicals in the channels and the variable composition of the hydrogel, which affects the diffusivity of the chemicals, can be used as chemical control parameters. This flexibility allows finding easily the optimal conditions for the development of nonequilibrium phenomena. We demonstrate this straightforward operation by generating diverse spatiotemporal patterns in different chemical reactions. The use of additional channels can create interacting reaction zones.
Emergence of quasiparticles in a doped Mott insulator
Authors: Wang Yao , He Yu , Wohlfeld Krzysztof , Hashimoto Makoto , Huang Edwin W. , Lu Donghui , Mo Sung-Kwan , Komiya Seiki , Jia Chunjing , Moritz Brian , Shen Zhi-Xun , Devereaux Thomas P.
Published: November 2020

How a Mott insulator develops into a weakly coupled metal upon doping is a central question to understanding various emergent correlated phenomena. To analyze this evolution and its connection to the high-Tc cuprates, we study the single-particle spectrum for the doped Hubbard model using cluster perturbation theory on superclusters. Starting from extremely low doping, we identify a heavily renormalized quasiparticle dispersion that immediately develops across the Fermi level, and a weakening polaronic side band at higher binding energy. The quasiparticle spectral weight roughly grows at twice the rate of doping in the low doping regime, but this rate is halved at optimal doping. In the heavily doped regime, we find both strong electron-hole asymmetry and a persistent presence of Mott spectral features. Finally, we discuss the applicability of the single-band Hubbard model to describe the evolution of nodal spectra measured by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on the single-layer cuprate La2−xSrxCuO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15). This work benchmarks the predictive power of the Hubbard model for electronic properties of high-Tc cuprates.
Optical wave-packet with nearly-programmable group velocities
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Kawanaka Junji
Published: November 2020

During the process of Bessel beam generation in free space, spatiotemporal optical wave-packets with tunable group velocities and accelerations can be created by deforming pulse-fronts of injected pulsed beams. So far, only one determined motion form (superluminal or luminal or subluminal for the case of group velocity; and accelerating or uniform-motion or decelerating for the case of acceleration) could be achieved in a single propagation path. Here we show that deformed pulse-fronts with well-designed axisymmetric distributions (unlike conical and spherical pulse-fronts used in previous studies) allow us to obtain nearly-programmable group velocities with several different motion forms in a single propagation path. Our simulation shows that this unusual optical wave-packet can propagate at alternating superluminal and subluminal group velocities along a straight-line trajectory with corresponding instantaneous accelerations that vary periodically between positive (acceleration) and negative (deceleration) values, almost encompassing all motion forms of the group velocity in a single propagation path. Such unusual optical wave-packets with nearly-programmable group velocities may offer new opportunities for optical and physical applications.
Active-matrix monolithic gas sensor array based on MoS2 thin-film transistors
Authors: Kim Sehwan , Park Heekyeong , Choo Sooho , Baek Seongho , Kwon Yena , Liu Na , Yang Jeong Yong , Yang Cheol-Woong , Yoo Geonwook , Kim Sunkook
Published: November 2020

Highly sensitive and system integrable gas sensors play a significant role in industry and daily life, and MoS2 has emerged as one of the most promising two-dimensional nanomaterials for gas sensor technology. In this study, we demonstrate a scalable and monolithically integrated active-matrix gas sensor array based on large-area bilayer MoS2 films synthesized via two-successive steps: radio-frequency magnetron sputtering and thermal sulfurization. The fabricated thin-film transistors exhibit consistent electrical performance over a few centimeters area and resulting gas sensors detect NO2 with ultra-high sensitivity across a wide detection range, from 1 to 256 ppm. This is due to the abundant grain boundaries of the sputtered MoS2 channel, which perform as active sites for absorption of NO2 gas molecules. The demonstrated active-matrix gas sensor arrays display good switching capabilities and are anticipated to be readily integrated with additional circuitry for different gas sensing and monitoring applications.
Correction: Super-large dendrites composed of trigonal PbO2 nanoplates with enhanced performances for electrochemical devices
Authors: Ding Liang-Xin , Zheng Fu-Lin , Wang Jian-Wei , Li Gao-Ren , Wang Zi-Long , Tong Ye-Xiang
Published: November 2020

Correction for ‘Super-large dendrites composed of trigonal PbO2 nanoplates with enhanced performances for electrochemical devices’ by Liang-Xin Ding et al., Chem. Commun., 2012, 1275–1277, DOI: 10.1039/C2CC15271A.
Correction: Simultaneous synthesis of thioesters and iron–sulfur clusters in water: two universal components of energy metabolism
Authors: Sanden Sebastian A. , Yi Ruiqin , Hara Masahiko , McGlynn Shawn E.
Published: November 2020

Correction for ‘Simultaneous synthesis of thioesters and iron–sulfur clusters in water: two universal components of energy metabolism’ by Sebastian A. Sanden et al., Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 11989–11992, DOI: 10.1039/D0CC07078A.
Slow relaxation of magnetization in lanthanide–biradical complexes based on a functionalized nitronyl nitroxide biradical
Authors: Sun Juan , Wu Qi , Lu Jiao , Jing Pei , Du Yeshuang , Li Licun
Published: November 2020

Unique Ln–biradical complexes involving a functionalized nitronyl nitroxide biradical have been achieved. Ferromagnetic Ln(iii)–NO interactions are dominant in these compounds and the Dy complex exhibits slow relaxation of magnetization.
Boosting the oxygen evolution reaction using defect-rich ultra-thin ruthenium oxide nanosheets in acidic media
Authors: Zhao Zhi Liang , Wang Qi , Huang Xiang , Feng Qi , Gu Shuang , Zhang Zhen , Xu Hu , Zeng Lin , Gu Meng , Li Hui
Published: November 2020

A Ru vacancy decreases the energy barrier from O* to OOH*, thus dramatically enhancing the OER performance of defect-rich RuO2 nanosheets.
Herring egg phosphopeptides as calcium carriers for improving calcium absorption and bone microarchitecture in vivo
Authors: Sun Na , Zhang Penglin , Jiang Pengfei , Wang Yixing , Cui Pengbo , Li Tianzhi , Lin Songyi
Published: November 2020

Herring egg phosphopeptides as calcium carriers for improving calcium absorption and bone microarchitecture in vivo.
The in vivo digestibility study of banana flour with high content of resistant starch at different ripening stages
Authors: Yang Jie , Bi Yu , Liang Shangyun , Gu Zhengbiao , Cheng Li , Li Caiming , Li Zhaofeng , Zhang Yayuan , Hong Yan
Published: November 2020

Resistant starch, a functional food ingredient, can improve the nutritional value of food products.
Capsid-like biodegradable poly-glycolic acid nanoparticles for a long-time release of nucleic acid molecules
Authors: Guido Clara , Testini Mariangela , D’Amone Stefania , Cortese Barbara , Grano Maria , Gigli Giuseppe , Palamà Ilaria E.
Published: November 2020

Capsid-like PGA nanoparticles (NPs) allow sustained cell transfection in 2D and 3D configurations.
Superior anchoring effect of a Cu-benzenehexathial MOF as an aluminium–sulfur battery cathode host
Authors: Bhauriyal Preeti , Pathak Biswarup
Published: November 2020

A Cu-BHT MOF as a suitable cathode host for aluminium–sulfur batteries.
Taming the thermodiffusion of alkali halide solutions in silica nanopores
Authors: Di Lecce Silvia , Albrecht Tim , Bresme Fernando
Published: November 2020

Nanoscale confinement modifies the thermodiffusive response of alkali halide solutions, enhacing their thermophilicity.
FRACTAL: Signal amplification of immunofluorescence via cyclic staining of target molecules
Authors: Cho Yehlin , Seo Junyoung , Sim Yeonbo , Chung Jinkyoung , Park Chan E. , Park Chun Gwon , Kim Doory , Chang Jae-Byum
Published: November 2020

We demonstrate a novel signal amplification technique that can amplify the signal intensity of immunofluorescence staining via simple cyclic staining of secondary antibodies.
Surface-mediated ordering of pristine Salen molecules on coinage metals
Authors: Liu Dan , Di Bin , Peng Zhantao , Yin Cen , Zhu Hao , Wen Xiaojie , Chen Qiwei , Zhu Junfa , Wu Kai
Published: November 2020

The conformational isomers of Salen molecules and their self-assembled structures on coinage metal surfaces.
Cu2Nb34O87 nanowires as a superior lithium storage host in advanced rechargeable batteries
Authors: Cai Xinhao , Yan Huihui , Zheng Runtian , Yu Haoxiang , Yang Zhengwei , Zhang Xikun , Xia Maoting , Chen Wei , Cui Yanhua , Shu Jie
Published: November 2020

Cu2Nb34O78 nanowires present a high charge capacity of 279.8 mA h g−1 with a Coulombic efficiency of 89.6% based on Nb5+/Nb4+, Nb4+/Nb3+ and Cu2+/Cu+ redox couples.
Paper-based electroanalytical devices for stripping analysis of lead and cadmium in children's shoes
Authors: Zhu Chen-Chen , Bao Ning , Huo Xiao-Lei
Published: November 2020

Children's shoes are potential sources of toxic heavy metals, especially for younger children.
High-temperature CO2 perm-selectivity of yttrium-doped SDC ceramic–carbonate dual-phase membranes
Authors: González-Varela Daniela , Ovalle-Encinia Oscar , Gómez-García J. Francisco , Tavizon Gustavo , Pfeiffer Heriberto
Published: November 2020

New Y-doped SDC ceramic–carbonate dual-phase membranes were prepared, characterized and evaluated, presenting high CO2 perm-selective properties.
Introduction to green chemistry and reaction engineering
Authors: Huber George W. , Lapkin Alexei , Yan Ning
Published: November 2020

George Huber, Alexei Lapkin and Yan Ning introduce the Reaction Chemistry & Engineering themed issue on green chemistry and reaction engineering.
Shear driven vorticity aligned flocs in a suspension of attractive rigid rods
Authors: Das Mohan , Chambon Lucille , Varga Zsigmond , Vamvakaki Maria , Swan James W. , Petekidis George
Published: November 2020

A combination of rheology, optical microscopy and computer simulations was used to investigate the microstructural changes of a semi-dilute suspension of attractive rigid rods in an imposed shear flow.
Synthesis and properties of salts derived from C4N182−, C4N18H3−and C4N18H3−anions
Authors: Dong Zhen , Ye Zhiwen
Published: November 2020

Three types of energetic materials with high nitrogen content, high decomposition temperature and good detonation properties were obtained.
Beetle and cactus-inspired surface endows continuous and directional droplet jumping for efficient water harvesting
Authors: Wang Xikui , Zeng Jia , Li Jing , Yu Xinquan , Wang Zuankai , Zhang Youfa
Published: November 2020

A bionic hybrid wetting surface inspired by the desert beetle and cactus for efficient water harvesting.
Zwitterionic liquid crystalline polythiophene as an antibiofouling biomaterial
Authors: Xu Jinjia , Xu Jian , Moon Haesoo , Sintim Herman O. , Lee Hyowon
Published: November 2020

We describe the design, synthesis and evaluation of a zwitterionic liquid crystalline polymer. The coated surface exhibits good conductivity, stability, hydrophilicity, and remarkable antibiofouling properties against protein adsorption, cell growth and bacteria attachment.
Taking Language Samples Home: Feasibility, Reliability, and Validity of Child Language Samples Conducted Remotely With Video Chat Versus In-Person
Authors: Manning Brittany L. , Harpole Alexandra , Harriott Emily M. , Postolowicz Kamila , Norton Elizabeth S.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

There has been increased interest in using telepractice for involving more diverse children in research and clinical services, as well as when in-person assessment is challenging, such as during COVID-19. Little is known, however, about the feasibility, reliability, and validity of language samples when conducted via telepractice.

Method

Child language samples from parent–child play were recorded either in person in the laboratory or via video chat at home, using parents' preferred commercially available software on their own device. Samples were transcribed and analyzed using Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts software. Analyses compared measures between-subjects for 46 dyads who completed video chat language samples versus 16 who completed in-person samples; within-subjects analyses were conducted for a subset of 13 dyads who completed both types. Groups did not differ significantly on child age, sex, or socioeconomic status.

Results

The number of usable samples and percent of utterances with intelligible audio signal did not differ significantly for in-person versus video chat language samples. Child speech and language characteristics (including mean length of utterance, type–token ratio, number of different words, grammatical errors/omissions, and child speech intelligibility) did not differ significantly between in-person and video chat methods. This was the case for between-group analyses and within-child comparisons. Furthermore, transcription reliability (conducted on a subset of samples) was high and did not differ between in-person and video chat methods.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that child language samples collected via video chat are largely comparable to in-person samples in terms of key speech and language measures. Best practices for maximizing data quality for using video chat language samples are provided.
Electrons in the supernova-driven interstellar medium
Authors: de Avillez Miguel A. , Anela Gervásio J. , Asgekar Ashish , Breitschwerdt Dieter , Schnitzeler Dominic H. F. M.
Published: November 2020

Context.Interstellar gas is in a highly turbulent dynamic state driven by successive supernova explosions and stellar winds, while its electron distribution is determined by microscopic processes such as ionization and recombination. In order to understand the properties of the electrons in the interstellar medium (ISM) it is necessary to follow numerically the nonlinear spatial and temporal evolution of the gas, its ionization structure, and its emission properties.

Aims.We study the time evolution of the electrons in the ISM and how line of sight observations compare to volume analysis of the simulated medium populated with atoms and ions of the ten most abundant species. In particular, we make quantitative predictions about the occupation fractions and averaged densities of electrons, the dispersion measures, and their vantage point dependence.

Methods.We carried out state-of-the-art adaptive mesh refinement simulations of the supernova-driven interstellar gas tracing the evolution of 112 ions and atoms of H, He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Fe and their emissivities in a time-dependent fashion. The gas is followed with the magnetohydrodynamical adaptive mesh refinement parallel code coupled with the Collisional + Photo Ionization Plasma Emission Software to trace the ionic structure and radiative emission of the plasma.

Results.We show that more than 60% of the electrons are in thermally unstable regimes: about 50% at 200 <T≤ 103.9K and 14% at 104.2<T≤ 105.5K. The probability density functions for the electron distribution in different temperature regimes is rather broad, also a result of turbulence in the ISM. Comparing the calculated dispersion measures along different lines of sight to observation, we find a very good agreement. They increase linearly for distances greater than 300 pc from the observer at an average rate of 27 cm−3pc per kpc. The dispersion regarding the average dispersion measures does not decrease with distance along the line of sight, pointing to a high clumpiness of the electrons and of the turbulent ISM. The mean electron density in the Galactic midplane derived from the volume analysis varies between 0.029 and 0.031 cm−3, while that derived from the dispersion measures, varies between 0.0264 and 0.03 cm−3depending on the vantage point and on the time averaged period. These variations can be as high as 8.3% between vantage points.
Impacts of different extracellular polysaccharides on colony formation and buoyancy of Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Wei Kai , Amano Yoshimasa , Machida Motoi
Published: November 2020

On the surface of Microcystis cells, there is a carbohydrate called extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) playing a significant role in the colony formation of Microcystis. EPS consists of tightly cell-bound EPS (TB-EPS), and both of these substances are considered to be strongly related to the colony formation and buoyancy of Microcystis. In this study, Microcystis aeruginosa (strain: NIES-843) was used to examine the effects of EPS, TB-EPS, and divalent metal cations such as calcium and magnesium on the buoyancy and colony formation of M. aeruginosa NIES-843. Under various light conditions, the addition of TB-EPS into the culture medium induced M. aeruginosa NIES-843 to obtain high buoyancy at concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations of 10 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively. Under the absence of light, the addition of EPS could lead M. aeruginosa to form a colony and obtain buoyancy, and the addition of TB-EPS could not significantly change the buoyancy of M. aeruginosa NIES-843. The colony size analysis showed that at the same cationic concentration, the addition of TB-EPS could induce M. aeruginosa to form the largest colony and present strong buoyancy. This study suggested that temperature and illumination are conducive to colony formation and present higher buoyancy of M. aeruginosa.
Eigenfunction behavior and adaptive finite element approximations of nonlinear eigenvalue problems in quantum physics
Authors: Yang Bin , Zhou Aihui
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we investigate a class of nonlinear eigenvalue problems resulting from quantum physics. We first prove that for any open set G, there exists an eigenfunction that cannot be a polynomial on G, which may be reviewed as a refinement of the classic unique continuation property. Then we apply the non-polynomial behavior of the eigenfunction to show that the adaptive finite element approximations are convergent even if the initial mesh is not fine enough. We finally remark that similar arguments can be applied to a class of linear eigenvalue problems that improve the relevant existing results.
Erection ofEuterranovan. gen. andNeoterranovan. gen. (Nematoda, Anisakidae), with the description ofE.dentiduplicatan. sp. and new records of two other anisakid nematodes from sharks off New Caledonia
Authors: Moravec František , Justine Jean-Lou
Published: November 2020

Helminthological examinations of three species of sharks,Galeocerdo cuvier,Triaenodon obesus(both Carcharhinidae, Carcharhiniformes) andStegostoma fasciatum(Stegostomatidae, Orectolobiformes) from New Caledonian waters, carried out during 2003–2005, revealed the presence of three species of adult anisakid nematodes referable toTerranovaLeiper et Atkinson, 1914. However, this genus can no longer be considered valid, because its type species has been designated aspecies inquirenda. Therefore, the present nematodes are assigned to two newly established genera,Euterranovan. gen. [type speciesE.dentiduplicatan. sp.] andNeoterranovan. gen. [type speciesN.scoliodontis(Baylis, 1931) n. comb.], based mainly on different labial structures.Euterranova dentiduplicatan. sp. from the stomach ofS.fasciatumis mainly characterized by the presence of lips with two rows of denticles. Innominate specimens ofEuterranova(a female and a third-stage larva) were collected from the digestive tract ofT.obesus. Specimens ofN.scoliodontiswere recorded fromG. cuvier. The two named species are described based on light and scanning electron microscopical examinations.Neoterranova scoliodontishas previously been recorded in New Caledonian waters from the same host species. Species previously attributed toTerranovaare transferred toEuterranova(5 species),Neoterranova(4 species) or consideredspecies inquirendae(10 species). SincePseudoterranovaMozgovoy, 1950 was found to be anomen nudumaccording to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), the available name of this genus isPseudoterranovaMozgovoy, 1953. A key toPorrocaecum-like nematode genera (Porrocaecum,Pseudoterranova,Pulchrascaris,Euterranova, andNeoterranova) is provided.
Krankheitsängste und Hypochondrische Störung
Authors: Sauer Karoline Sophie , Witthöft Michael
Published: November 2020

Krankheitsängste sind weit verbreitet und in ihrer pathologischen Ausprägung in Form der Hypochondrischen Störung (ICD-10) kostenintensiv für das Gesundheitssystem. In den letzten Jahren gab es Fortschritte bei der Erforschung und Entwicklung effektiver psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen. Kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische Therapiekonzepte repräsentieren derzeit die Methode der Wahl zur Behandlung der Hypochondrischen Störung.
Gesundheitskompetenz von Menschen mit chronischer Erkrankung in Deutschland
Authors: Schaeffer Doris , Griese Lennert , Berens Eva-Maria
Published: November 2020

Hintergrund Menschen mit chronischen Erkrankungen (MmcE) sind mit vielfältigen Anforderungen der Krankheitsbewältigung und der Versorgungsnutzung konfrontiert. Entsprechend hoch ist ihr Bedarf an Information und auch an Gesundheitskompetenz (GK). Während das Thema international seit längerem die Aufmerksamkeit der Forschung findet, fehlen für Deutschland bislang Untersuchungen zur GK von MmcE.

Ziel und Methode Ziel der vorliegenden Analyse ist es, die GK von MmcE in Deutschland vertiefend zu analysieren. Dazu wurden Querschnittsdaten von insgesamt 499 MmcE des deutschen Gesundheitskompetenzsurveys (HLS-GER) genutzt. Die GK wurde mit dem European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q 47) erfasst. Potenzielle Unterschiede bei der Verteilung von GK wurden nach Geschlecht, Alter, Sozialstatus, finanzielle Ressourcen, Bildungsniveau und literale Fähigkeiten (gemessen mit dem Newest Vital Sign (NVS)) und krankheitsbezogenen Merkmalen (Krankheitsanzahl und -dauer) mittels Chi-Quadrat Test geprüft. Ebenso wurde der Einfluss dieser Faktoren auf GK bei MmcE mittels multipler logistischer Regression untersucht.

Ergebnisse 72,7% der MmcE weisen eine geringe GK auf. Dabei variiert die GK stark nach den untersuchten Bereichen Krankheitsbewältigung/-versorgung, Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. Ein niedriger Sozialstatus (Odds Ratio (OR): 4,4 [1, 8; 10, 7]), geringe finanzielle Ressourcen (OR: 2,0 [1,2; 3,1]), limitierte literale Fähigkeiten (OR: 2,7 [1,4; 5,0]) sowie ein mittleres Bildungsniveau (OR: 0,5 [0,3; 0,9]) sind in der multiplen logistischen Regression mit geringer Gesundheitskompetenz assoziiert. Krankheitsanzahl und -dauer zeigen keinen signifikanten Zusammenhang mit geringer GK.

Schlussfolgerung Die Analyse liefert erste Erkenntnisse für Deutschland, die künftig der Vertiefung bedürfen. Sie liefern aber schon jetzt wichtige Hinweise für die Interventionsentwicklung. Erforderlich ist es, zielgruppenspezifische Interventionen zur Stärkung der persönlichen GK von MmcE zu entwickeln, die sich speziell an chronisch Erkrankte mit niedrigem Sozialstatus, geringen finanziellen Ressourcen und eingeschränkter Literalität richten. Um Stigmatisierungen zu vermeiden, ist es wichtig, dass Interventionen zugleich auf die Reduktion bestehender Anforderungen in der Lebensumwelt zielen und die Suche, Aneignung und Verarbeitung von Information erleichtern und damit zur Verringerung von Ungleichheiten beitragen.
Die Relevanz des Dolmetschens im Gesundheitssystem
Authors: Führer Amand , Brzoska Patrick
Published: November 2020

Hintergrund Viele Menschen im deutschsprachigen Raum haben Probleme
mit der deutschen Sprache. Im Gesundheitssystem ergeben sich hieraus
Barrieren für den Zugang zu und die Nutzung von Angeboten. Ziel der
vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit ist es, den aktuellen Forschungsstand
zur Relevanz von Sprachbarrieren in der medizinischen Versorgung
darzustellen sowie eingesetzte Strategien zum Umgang mit sprachbedingten
Kommunikationsproblemen zu erläutern.

Methoden Die Übersichtsarbeit basiert auf einer Synthese
englischsprachiger systematischer Reviews zum Thema ‚Dolmetschen im
Gesundheitssystem‘, erweitert um alle seit 2015
veröffentlichten Originalarbeiten aus Deutschland.

Ergebnisse Am häufigsten wird in Krankenhäusern bei
Sprachproblemen auf das Dolmetschen durch
Angehörige/Bekannte von Patient/-innen oder durch
bilinguales Personal des Krankenhauses zurückgegriffen. Die
Qualität dieser durch nicht ausgebildete Laien
durchgeführten Sprachmittlung ist dabei häufig
eingeschränkt, was sich negativ auf Versorgungsoutcomes auswirken
kann. Der Einsatz professioneller Dolmetscher/-innen geht mit
deutlich besseren Versorgungsergebnissen einher und stellt v. a. in Form des
Telefon- oder Videodolmetschens einen flexibel und kostengünstig zu
implementierenden Ansatz dar.

Schlussfolgerung Sprachliche Verständigung ist eine wichtige
Voraussetzung patientenorientierter Versorgung und muss aus ethischen,
sozialen und rechtlichen Gründen durch das Gesundheitssystems
sichergestellt werden. Hierbei sollten v. a. professionelle
Dolmetschlösungen zum Einsatz kommen, für die auch die
entsprechenden finanziellen und infrastrukturellen Ressourcen zur
Verfügung gestellt werden müssen.
Enantioselective Halocyclization of Indole Derivatives: Using 1,3-Dihalohydantoins with Anionic Chiral Co(III) Complexes
Authors: Sun Ting-Ting , Liu Kun , Zhang Shun-Xin , Yu Jie , Wang Chun-Ru , Yao Chuan-Zhi
Published: November 2020

Highly enantioselective halocyclization reactions of indole derivatives, including tryptophols and tryptamines, have been accomplished by means of anionic chiral Co(III) complexes and 1,3-dihalohydantoins (as little as 0.50 equiv). 3-Halo-fused indolines were obtained in excellent yields (up to 98%) and enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee), employing the chiral anion phase-transfer-catalysis strategy.
Palladium-Catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov Oxidation of Aromatic and Aliphatic Alkenes to Terminal Acetals and Aldehydes
Authors: Ura Yasuyuki
Published: November 2020

Catalytic anti-Markovnikov (AM) oxidation of terminal alkenes can provide terminally oxyfunctionalized organic compounds. This short review mainly summarizes our recent progress on the Pd-catalyzed AM oxidations of aromatic and aliphatic terminal alkenes to give terminal acetals (oxidative acetalization) and aldehydes (Wacker-type oxidation), along with related reports. These reactions demonstrate the efficacy of the PdCl2(MeCN)2/CuCl/electron-deficient cyclic alkenes/O2 catalytic system. Notably, electron-deficient cyclic alkenes such as p-benzoquinones (BQs) and maleimides are key additives that facilitate nucleophilic attack of oxygen nucleophiles on coordinated terminal alkenes and enhance the AM selectivity. BQs also function to oxidize Pd(0) depending on the reaction conditions. Several other factors that improve the AM selectivity, such as the steric demand of the nucleo­philes, slow substrate addition, and halogen-directing groups, are also discussed.

1 Introduction

2 Anti-Markovnikov Oxidation of Aromatic Alkenes to Terminal Acetals­

3 Anti-Markovnikov Oxidation of Aromatic Alkenes to Aldehydes

4 Anti-Markovnikov Oxidation of Aliphatic Alkenes to Terminal Acetals­

5 Anti-Markovnikov Oxidation of Aliphatic Alkenes to Aldehydes

6 Conclusion