bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Comment Slant and Comment Tone on Digital Health Communication Among Polarized Publics: A Web-Based Survey Experiment (Preprint)
Authors: Lu Fangcao , Tu Caixie
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Public attitudes toward health issues are becoming increasingly polarized, as seen in social media comments, which vary from supportive to oppositional and frequently include uncivil language. The combined effects of comment slant and comment tone on health behavior among a polarized public need further examination.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine how social media users’ prior attitudes toward mask wearing and their exposure to a mask-wearing–promoting post, synchronized with polarized and hostile discussions, affect their compliance with mask wearing.

METHODS

The study was a web-based survey experiment with participants recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. A total of 522 participants provided consent and completed the study. Participants were assigned to read a fictitious mask-wearing–promoting social media post with either civil anti–mask-wearing comments (130/522, 24.9%), civil pro–mask-wearing comments (129/522, 24.7%), uncivil anti–mask-wearing comments (131/522, 25.1%), or uncivil pro–mask-wearing comments (132/522, 25.3%). Following this, the participants were asked to complete self-assessed questionnaires. The PROCESS macro in SPSS (model 12; IBM Corp) was used to test the 3-way interaction effects between comment slant, comment tone, and prior attitudes on participants’ presumed influence from the post and their behavioral intention to comply with mask-wearing.

RESULTS

Anti–mask-wearing comments led social media users to presume less influence about others’ acceptance of masks (B=1.49; P<.001; 95% CI 0.98-2.00) and resulted in decreased mask-wearing intention (B=0.07; P=.03; 95% CI 0.01-0.13). Comment tone with incivility also reduced compliance with mask-wearing (B=–0.44; P=.02; 95% CI –0.81 to –0.07). Furthermore, polarized attitudes had a direct impact (B=0.86; P<.001; 95% CI 0.45-1.26) and also interacted with both the slant and tone of comments, influencing mask-wearing intention.

CONCLUSIONS

Pro–mask-wearing comments enhanced presumed influence and compliance of mask-wearing, but incivility in the comments hindered this positive impact. Antimaskers showed increased compliance when they were unable to find civil support for their opinion in the social media environment. The findings suggest the need to correct and moderate uncivil language and misleading information in online comment sections while encouraging the posting of supportive and civil comments. In addition, information literacy programs are needed to prevent the public from being misled by polarized comments.
Identification of biomarkers related to autophagy in osteoarthritis via bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation (Preprint)
Authors: Song Enhong , Zou Guoyao , Shen Chong , Huang Ridong , Yu Jianglei , Wei Qingjun
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Osteoarthritis(OA) is a degenerative disease with few effective early interventions and therapeutic options, autophagy is thought to play a significant role in progression of OA.

OBJECTIVE

We used bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation to identify biomarkers related to autophagy in OA with the aim of therapeutic targets.

METHODS

The series matrix file GSE82107 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public databases. The data were processed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified via R 4.2.2 software. The autophagy related-DEGs were subsequently defined as DEGs from GSE82107 that overlapped with autophagy-related genes and were subsequently selected on the basis of a Venn diagram. The autophagy related-DEGs were screened via Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis and immune cell infiltration analysis. Based on the constructed PPI network, the hub genes were identified via the CytoHubba plugin. Moreover, the hub genes were confirmed via the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the GSE129147 and GSE169077 datasets. In addition, we collected synovial tissue from the knees of ten patients: five OA patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty and five young patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for anterior cruciate ligament rupture. The collected synovial samples were subjected to RNA extraction followed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR.Finally, we verified the expression of the HUB gene by calculating the corresponding mRNA expression levels.

RESULTS

Five genes namely, BCL2L1, CTSD, ATG3, GABARAPL2 and CTSB were identified as hub autophagy related-DEGs. ROC analysis revealed that almost all the hub genes had good diagnostic value, but by the Q-PCR results of the clinical samples revealed that BCL2L1, GABARAPL2, and CTSB were all upregulated in OA (p < 0.05). The relative expressions of CTSD and ATG3 were not significantly different between the OA group and the control group (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

This study identified hub genes related to autophagy in OA, including BCL2L1, GABARAPL2, and CTSB. These genes are promising targets for OA treatment.
Enhanced medical data extraction: leveraging LLMs for accurate retrieval of patient information from medical reports (Preprint)
Authors: Garcia-Carmona Angel Manuel , Prieto Maria-Lorena , Puertas Enrique , Beunza Juan-Jose
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

There is a need to explore the feasibility of generative solutions in extracting data from medical reports, categorized by specific criteria.

OBJECTIVE

This study proposes an advanced methodology for applying Large Language Models (LLMs) in the automated extraction of structured information from unstructured medical reports, leveraging the LangChain framework in Python.

METHODS

A comparative evaluation of state-of-the-art LLMs, including GPT-4o, LLaMA 3, LLaMA 3.1, Gemma 2, Qwen 2, and Qwen 2.5, highlights each model's unique architectural attributes and capabilities in clinical data extraction tasks. Employing zero-shot prompting techniques and embedding results in a vector database, we systematically assess the models based on metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score across specific data categories, including patient demographics, diagnostic information, and pharmacological details.

RESULTS

The results reveal high extraction efficacy, although model precision varies by data type, underscoring the challenges posed by unstructured medical text.

CONCLUSIONS

This research demonstrates the feasibility of integrating LLMs into healthcare digitalization workflows, enabling enhanced data accessibility for clinical decision-making. Future directions emphasize optimizing model precision and generalizability through expanded training datasets and the adaptation of retrieval-augmented generation techniques to support complex, domain-specific information needs.
Patient reactions to AI-clinician discrepancies: Web-based randomized experiment (Preprint)
Authors: Madanay Farrah , O'Donohue Laura S. , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

As FDA-approved AI for medical imaging rises, radiologists are increasingly integrating AI into their clinical practices. In lung cancer screening, diagnostic AI offers a second set of eyes with the potential to detect cancer earlier than human radiologists. Despite AI’s promise, a potential problem with its integration is the erosion of patient confidence in clinician expertise when there is a discrepancy between the radiologist’s and the AI’s interpretation of the imaging test.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine how discrepancies between AI-derived recommendations and radiologists’ recommendations affect patients’ agreement with radiologists’ recommendations and satisfaction in their radiologists. We also analyze how patients’ medical maximizing-minimizing (MMM) preferences moderate these relationships.

METHODS

We conducted a randomized, between-subjects experiment with 1,606 U.S. adult participants. Assuming the role of patients, participants imagined undergoing a low-dose computerized tomography scan for lung cancer screening and receiving results and recommendations from: (1) a radiologist only, (2) AI and a radiologist in agreement, (3) a radiologist who recommended more testing than AI (i.e., radiologist overcalled AI), or (4) a radiologist who recommended less testing than AI (i.e., radiologist undercalled AI). Participants rated the radiologist on three criteria: agreement with the radiologist’s recommendation, how likely they would be to recommend the radiologist to family and friends, and how good of a provider they perceived the radiologist to be. We also measured MMM and categorized participants as maximizers (i.e., those who seek aggressive intervention), minimizers (i.e., those who prefer no or passive intervention), and neutrals (i.e., those in the middle).

RESULTS

Participants’ agreement with the radiologist’s recommendation was significantly lower when the radiologist undercalled AI (M=4.01, SE=0.07) vs. overcalled (M=4.63, SE=0.06), agreed with (M=4.55, SE=0.07), or had no AI (M=4.57, SE=0.06; P<.001). Additionally, participants were least likely to recommend (P<.001) and positively rate (P<.001) the radiologist who undercalled AI. There were no significant differences among the other conditions. Maximizers strongly agreed (b=0.82, SE=0.14; P<.001) with the radiologist who overcalled AI whereas minimizers strongly disagreed (b=-0.43, SE=0.18, P=.015), compared to neutrals. Moreover, maximizers strongly disagreed with the radiologist who undercalled AI (b=-0.47, SE=0.14; P=.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Radiologists who recommend less testing than AI may face decreased patient confidence in their expertise, but they may not face this same penalty for giving more aggressive recommendations than AI. Patients’ reactions may depend in part on whether their general preferences to maximize or minimize align with the radiologists’ recommendations.
The Effect of Fermentation and Storage Temperature on the Viability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subps. plantarum Dad-13 on Yogurt-Like Drink
Authors: Aristya Aristya , Utami Tyas , Suroto Dian Anggraini , Rahayu Endang Sutriswati
Published: November 2024

This study aims to assess the viability of the cell population during the fermentation process and storage at various temperatures. Probiotic bacteria, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum Dad-13, procured from the Center for Food and Nutrition Studies UGM, was utilized as a starter in manufacturing a yogurt-like drink. During the manufacture of the yogurt-like drink, cell counts were evaluated prior to and following a 12-hour fermentation period at temperatures of 30 ℃, 37 ℃, and 42 °C. The samples that have the highest viability cell (30 °C) were selected for further study and stored for 25 days at 26 °C, and for 50 days at 10 °C and 4 °C. The cell count was assessed every 5 days using MRS Media.The result indicates that fermenting at 42 °C led to a notably lower cell growth rate of 0.2 log cycles compared to fermenting at 30 °C and 37 °C, leading to cell growth of 1.37 and 1.31 log cycles, respectively. The viability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum Dad-13 in a yogurt-like drink was not significantly different after being stored for 50 days at temperatures of 10 °C and 4 °C. The decline in cell counts of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum Dad-13 in samples stored at 10 °C and 4 °C was 0.65 and 0.34 log cycles, respectively. Conversely, at 26 °C, the viability decreased significantly, resulting in a reduction in number of 2.05 log cycles.
Household Food Insecurity and Its Association with Nutritional Status of Children 6–59 Months of Age in Kebridehar City
Authors: Aden Ebrahim Hassen , Mohammed Saleha Abdusamed
Published: November 2024

Malnutrition, characterized by an imbalance in the intake of calories, proteins, or other nutrients, includes undernutrition and overnutrition. This study aimed to assess the impact of household food insecurity on the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 59 months in Kebridehar town using a community-based cross-sectional approach. The city of Kebridehar was divided into 12 kebeles and the study targeted families with children in the specified age group. A proportional sample of 344 households was randomly selected from each kebele. Data were collected through surveys and analyzed to determine the prevalence of food insecurity and its effects on children's nutrition.Results: The study revealed significant disparities in food security: 11.6% of households were food secure, while 88.4% were food insecure. Female-headed homes had a lower percentage of impoverished children and the mother's education had a vital influence. Low- and middle-income households had a larger risk of childhood loss than higher-income ones. Smaller families were 15.76 times more likely to suffer food insecurity and homes without health services were 3.27 times higher potential to be food insecure. Children from insecure food families have poorer health outcomes, being 4.95 times more likely to be underweight, 1.30 times more likely to be stunted, and 1.45 times more likely to be wasted.Conclusion: The study highlights an important problem of food insecurity that affects the health of children. Factors such as the woman's family, the mother's education level, low income and family size are crucial. Urgent interventions are necessary to improve food security and nutritional outcomes, especially for families with low income, less education, and poor sanitation.
THE ATTITUDE OF PARENTS REGARDING THEIR CHILD IMMUNIZATION IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN
Authors: Shahid Sara , Ijaz Ansa , Ul-Ain Qurat- , Tahir Muhammad Ali , Shakir Hamda , Mughal Maryam , Fahad Muhammad , Kainat Areej , Ali Moiz , Ayesha Maryam , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid
Published: November 2024

Background: Many parents harbor negative views about vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) and hold misunderstandings about the ingredients, side effects, and efficacy of vaccines. The resurgence of diseases preventable by vaccines was believed to be primarily due to insufficient childhood vaccination practices. The study aimed to assess parental attitude towards their children's vaccinations.
Methods: The present study is a multi-centered, cross sectional observational study to evaluate the attitude of the parents regarding their child immunization in Lahore, Pakistan. Quantitative research methodology involving validated questionnaires and research tools were utilized in order to evaluate the attitude of the parents regarding their child immunization. A total of 353 parents belonging to urban and rural areas of Lahore having children of different ages were recruited for the present study.
Results: Out of 353 parents surveyed, majority of the study subject were mothers (56.1%) with age 25-29 years (30%). Majority of the parents (70.3%) were observed to have negative attitude while only 29.7% of the respondents presented positive attitude at baseline. It is observed that the occupation, no of children, residency, living class and health care providers in respondent family shows highly significant statistical association (p<0.001) with patient attitude regarding their child immunization.
Conclusions: The present study concludes that the parents showing negative attitude do not get their children vaccinated. They feel that it is a formality and they find it hectic to take their children to vaccination centers for immunizations. The immunization status was also significantly influenced by sociodemographic factors. In order to achieve positive attitude, efforts should be made to tell them benefits of vaccination and by changing their thinking about side effects of vaccine by educating them about the beneficial effects of vaccines and its safety.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 8 July 2024;   Reviewed 15 September 2024; Accepted 26 October; Available online 15 November 2024
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye
Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, drwadhsheikh1974@gmail.com
Multimodal Biometric Authentication System for Military Weapon Access: Face and ECG Authentication
Authors: Suneetha Madduluri  , T. Kishorekumar
Published: November 2024

Unimodal or Single factor biometric systems refer to biometric systems that employ only one form of biometric data to authenticate an individual’s identity. These kinds of biometrics are susceptible to higher error rates and security vulnerabilities because it relays on a single trait for authentication. To overcome this, multimodal biometrics method is proposed. Multi-modal biometric system can authenticate more than once and some advantages include; highaccuracy, low error rate, and large population coverage. These biometrics systems increase integrity and privacy since it will contain several biometric features of every customer. So, here designed a multimodal biometrics project utilizing deep learning to enhance authentication security by combining face and Electrocardiogram(ECG) signals. VGG-16 model, a deep learning architecture used to capture complex patterns in accurate individual identification with both ECG and Facial data. The high-resolution convolutional filters capture the intricate details of the face and ECG waveform, ensuring high accuracy in distinguishing different individuals.
An Updated Assessment of Safety Strategies for Platelet Blood Concentrates (PCs): A Short Review Article
Authors:   Medical Technologist II, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al-Ahsa Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Saudia Arabia, Hadad Ali , Alatawi Sulaiman , Almulhim Munirah , M. Almousa Maryam , K. Alkhatham Adel , Alnahyan Jawaher , Aljabr Safia , Almuhaysh Maryam ,   Medical Technologist II, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al-Ahsa Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Saudia Arabia, Alanazi Abdullah ,   Medical Technologist II, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdullaziz Hospital, AL Madinah Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Saudia Arabia, M. Marawan Amani ,   3 Lecturer of Microbiology, Medical Laboratory Technology department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Saudia Arabia.
Published: November 2024

Background: Platelet concentrates (PCs) are one of the most used blood components in blood banks due to their essential role in treating thrombocytopenia, and while viral transmission has been largely addressed, bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates (PCs) are still regarded as a crucial safety concern. Objective: This short review aimed to consolidate current knowledge on the strategies followed in blood banks to maximize the quality and shelf life of platelet concentrates (PCs). Different methods of each strategy were considered, focusing on outcomes related to approved and effective outcomes. Methods: The current study is based on PubMed, Wiley, and Web of Science databases to assess donor selection, bacterial screening, and pathogen reduction technologies utilized for PCs quality. All articles were collected until April 2024. Studies utilizing approved interventions and relevant hospital outcomes were inclusive. However, repetitive data and unapproved methods were among the exclusive criteria. Collected published manuscripts were reviewed. Results: The studies reviewed and referenced in this article consensus that pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) utilizing Ultraviolet rays (UV) was found to be effective in eliminating various bacterial contamination. Furthermore, the need for donor and bacterial screening is still essential and could not be overlooked. Pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) remain important and valid despite studies suggesting the reduced platelet concentrates (PCs) quality and the need for frequent transmission of PCs. Some studies even foresee pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) as replacing the cultural bacterial detection methods. Conclusion:We conclude that preventing bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates (PCs) requires a multifaceted approach. However, future research should focus on optimizing these strategies while minimizing their potential adverse effects on platelet function and safet
CPA Evolution and Curriculum Revolution: Building Value in the Accounting Profession Through CPA and CISA Dual Certification
Authors: Adams Mollie T. , Hines Christopher S. , Naegle J. Conrad , Ravenscraft Julie , Tassin Kerri L.
Published: November 2024

Accounting programs are tasked with reviewing the extent of curriculum modifications necessary due to CPA Evolution. We believe CPA Evolution creates an opportunity for accounting programs to build value and marketability for students through a specific dual certification that pairs the CPA certification with the Information Systems and Controls (ISC) Discipline, and the Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) certification (i.e., CPA-ISC/CISA dual certification). We discuss benefits of this dual certification to students, programs, and other stakeholders; key background information; and CISA exam and CPA-ISC Discipline exam content overlap. Additionally, we provide a curriculum framework at both the undergraduate and graduate levels to coordinate both foundational knowledge for all CPA-bound students and specialized knowledge for the CPA-ISC/CISA dual certification. Finally, we discuss constraints programs may encounter when providing a CPA-ISC/CISA dual certification preparatory path and ways programs can address them.
Voluntary Disclosure When Information Quality Is Unknown
Authors: Kim Eunhee , Pae Suil
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a costly voluntary disclosure model in which the information quality of a signal about a firm’s future cash flow is unknown, where the information quality, also called signal quality, refers to signal precision. Disclosure plays a dual role in firm valuation, providing information about both the cash flow and signal quality. We identify a necessary and sufficient condition under which the firm price under disclosure is a nonmonotonic and bounded function of the signal. Under this condition, as the disclosure cost increases, the equilibrium changes from an intermediate pool of undisclosed signals to a low-end pool of undisclosed signals, to two disjoint pools of undisclosed signals, and finally to no disclosure. Our results remain qualitatively unchanged when the firm may or may not have private information. Overall, this study offers alternative explanations for the empirical findings of why some firms disclose (withhold) seemingly bad (good) news.

JEL Classifications: D61; G14; M41.
Paying to Reduce Disparity: Financially Incentivizing Workforce Diversity and Its Effects on Managers’ Promotion Decisions and Employees’ Effort
Authors: Sheeley Bret
Published: November 2024

Companies are offering managers compensation incentives to increase promotions of under-represented employees to higher level organizational positions (hereafter, “diversity incentives”). This study uses an experiment to examine how diversity incentives affect managers’ promotion decisions and employees’ effort choices before and after those decisions. The results suggest that managers’ diversity incentives do not affect employees’ pre-promotion effort choices. Additional analyses indicate that both over- and under-represented employees expect managers to promote them based on effort instead of group membership. Consistent with predictions, diversity incentives increase the likelihood that managers promote under-represented employees whose pre-promotion efforts are comparable to their over-represented colleagues’ efforts. After the promotion decision, nonpromoted employees whose managers receive diversity incentives choose the lowest effort, regardless of group membership. Collectively, these results inform companies about the potential costs and benefits of using diversity incentives by demonstrating that diversity incentives can increase diversity in promotions but reduce nonpromoted employees’ efforts.

Data Availability: Data are available from the author upon request.
Trends in Peripheral Artery Disease, Lower-Extremity Revascularization, and Lower-Extremity Amputation in Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Gyldenkerne Christine , Olesen Kevin K.W. , Thrane Pernille G. , Hansen Malene K. , Stødkilde-Jørgensen Nina , Sørensen Henrik T. , Thomsen Reimar W. , Maeng Michael
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE

To examine trends in peripheral artery disease (PAD), lower-extremity (LE) revascularization, and LE amputation in patients with incident type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This cohort study included patients in Denmark diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 1996–2015 and followed until 2020. Patients were age and sex matched with as many as three general population individuals. Outcomes comprised 5-year cumulative incidences of first-time PAD, LE revascularization, and LE amputation. Age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were computed using Cox regression.

RESULTS

The cohort comprised 349,454 patients with incident type 2 diabetes (53% male; median age 62 years) and 1,025,054 general population individuals. Among patients with diabetes, decreases in 5-year cumulative incidence of PAD (from 6.2 to 3.4%; aHR 0.55 [95% CI 0.52–0.57]), LE revascularization (from 0.8 to 0.6%; aHR 0.80 [95% CI 0.71–0.90]), and LE amputation (from 1.0 to 0.4%; aHR 0.45 [95% CI 0.40–0.51]) occurred from 1996–2000 to 2011–2015. LE amputation decreased at all amputation levels (hip/thigh, knee/lower leg, and ankle/foot/toe) during the study period. In the general population, 5-year cumulative incidence remained stable (1.2–1.5% for PAD, ∼0.4% for LE revascularization, and ∼0.2% for LE amputation). However, the relative rates of all outcomes were two- to threefold higher in patients with diabetes than matched individuals in 2011–2015.

CONCLUSIONS

In recent decades, the cumulative incidence of LE complications substantially decreased in patients with incident type 2 diabetes while remaining stable in the general population.
Using Time in Tight Glucose Range as a Health-Promoting Strategy in Preschoolers With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sundberg Frida , Smart Carmel E. , Samuelsson John , Åkesson Karin , Krogvold Lars
Published: November 2024

Children who develop diabetes in their first years of life risk being exposed to many decades of hyperglycemia, hence having a high risk of early complications and premature death. An additional age-dependent risk is that dysglycemia, especially hyperglycemia, negatively affects the developing brain. In evaluating the outcome of insulin treatment at an individual and group level, cutoff thresholds for glucose values are needed. Time in tight range (TITR) was defined as a measurement of time spent in a state of normoglycemia. The International Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes recommended that for preschoolers with type 1 diabetes (T1D), either >70% of time with glucose in range 70–180 mg/dL (3.9–10 mmol/L) or >50% of time in a tighter range 70–140 mg/dL (TITR) can be used as continuous glucose monitoring targets. In Sweden, over the past two decades, pediatric diabetes teams set glycemic targets to 70–140 mg/dL (3.9–7.8 mmol/L). Swedish registry data show that >50% of children <7 years old have >50% TITR. The purpose of this review is to share and discuss international knowledge and experiences of working with TITR as a health-promoting strategy in preschoolers with T1D on a structural and individual level. We conclude that as insulin treatment improves, a reasonable goal is to strive for as much time in a state of normoglycemia as possible, and this can easily be explained to families of children with diabetes. For children with access to an experienced health care team and diabetes technologies a currently realistic target can be at least half of the time in normoglycemic range, i.e., TITR >50%.
A Guideline-Directed Approach to Obesity Treatment
Authors: Chao Ariana M. , Paul Alexandra , Hodgkins Josef V. , Wadden Thomas A.
Published: November 2024

This article summarizes and compares 18 sets of guidelines for adult obesity treatment, highlighting key recommendations for patient evaluation, lifestyle intervention, anti-obesity medications (AOMs), and metabolic and bariatric surgery. Guidelines are consistent in many regards, although there is divergence regarding preferred AOMs. Metabolic and bariatric surgery is still recognized as the most durable form of obesity treatment, and newer guidelines suggest these procedures at lower BMI thresholds for people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. Overall, guidelines for obesity treatment show a high degree of agreement, although updates are needed to incorporate new treatment innovations.
Interoceptive Awareness Is Associated With Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: M. Matus Austin , Riegel Barbara , R. Rickels Michael
Published: November 2024

Objective

Assess the association between impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) and interoceptive awareness in type 1 diabetes.

Research Design and Methods

154 adults with type 1 diabetes completed IAH surveys and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA-2). Logistic regressions were performed to assess associations between IAH and MAIA-2, accounting for covariates.

Results

Significant relationships were observed between IAH and two MAIA-2 scales. Each 1-point increase in “Not Worrying” was associated with 87% increased odds of IAH (OR:1.87, CI:1.01–3.46), and in “Attention Regulation” was associated with 72% decreased odds of IAH (OR:0.28, CI:0.12–0.66). Compared to scoring >90th percentile for “Attention Regulation”, scoring <10th percentile and 10th–90th percentiles were associated with 71-fold (OR:71.26, CI:3.42–1482.10) and 12-fold (OR:12.73, CI:1.19–135.57) increased odds of IAH, respectively.

Conclusions

Less worry for and reduced ability to sustain and control attention to body sensations were associated with significantly increased odds of IAH.
Risk Factors Associated with Weight Gain during Treatment with Dupilumab among Patients with Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Tayefi Mahsa , Svedbom Axel , Ivert Lina , Lundqvist Maria , Ruas Jorge , Bradley Maria , Johansson Emma
Published: November 2024

This cohort study used prospectively collected data from the Swedish national quality registry, SwedAD, to investigate weight gain as a possible side effect of dupilumab treatment for atopic dermatitis. Patients on dupilumab were compared with patients on other systemic medications, e.g., methotrexate, cyclosporine, or Janus kinase inhibitors, and possible risk factors for weight change during treatment with dupilumab were analysed. All patients aged 18 years or above, included in SwedAD between March 2018 and April 2023, who initiated systemic treatment at or after inclusion and had data on weight at baseline and at least 1 follow-up weight measurement were included (n  =  157). After 2 years on dupilumab, patients had a mean weight gain of 1.6 kg (p = 0.007, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4–2.7). In the multivariable analysis, controlling for age at start, sex, asthma, and body mass index at start, dupilumab was associated with higher weight gain than other systemic treatments (3.3 kg, p = 0.005 [95% CI 1.0–5.6]). Asthma was associated with weight loss; male sex tended to be associated with weight gain.
The Concept of "Austin and Jeremy Bentham" and Its Relevance to the Construction of Indigenous People
Authors: Salam Safrin , Karim La Ode Muhammad , Gurusi La , Kaswandi Kaswandi , Tonny Fajrin , Dewi Rasmala
Published: November 2024

The concepts of positivism and utilitarian schools show differences in regulating or interpreting society and individual rights. The purpose of this research is to find the views of the pure law school and the utilitarian law school in reconstructing indigenous peoples. This research uses normative legal research. In its study, this research uses several approaches, namely the statutory approach and the concept approach. The results showed that John Austin's pure legal school places the construction of indigenous peoples in the standard norms contained in Article 18 B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution. This flow limits the interpretation of the construction of indigenous peoples. Meanwhile, according to the utilitarian legal school of Jeremy Bentham, the view of Article 18 B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution as the basis for the construction of indigenous peoples shifts by interpreting the existence of indigenous peoples is not only seen as law an sich, but the legal regulation of legal communities is seen in 3 (three) aspects, namely a) indigenous peoples are seen in the position of legal reality; b) Customary law becomes a translation of the legal provisions referred to in Article 18 B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution; c) Recognition and protection of the law of indigenous peoples are constructed in the aspect of legal reality. Thus, the utilitarian school of law opens a new approach in the construction of indigenous peoples that is not only reviewed from the norms an sich in statutory regulations but the existence of utilitarian schools of law can be used to open more lively legal spaces in constructing recognition and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as subjects of law.
Ethics-Based Information Security System Law: Immanuel Kant's Transcendental Paradigm
Authors: Jaya Indra , Septyanun Nurjannah , Erwin Yulias
Published: November 2024

An ethics-based information security system based on Immanuel Kant's transcendental legal paradigm can give a strong foundation for tackling moral quandaries in AI, hacking, and information systems. Lavanya Singh highlights the necessity of instinctive ethics based on philosophical literature and presents a Kantian ethics application that adheres to the philosophical tradition. Meanwhile, Sanchita Saha et al. address ethical hacking as a method of disclosing vulnerabilities in information systems for the benefit of society, emphasizing ethical concerns in cybersecurity operations. Furthermore, Flávia Maria Santoro and Rosa Maria Esteves Moreira da Costa underline the significance of examining information systems via an ethical lens in order to negotiate conceptual conflicts and make informed judgments in delicate situations, which is consistent with Kant's moral philosophy. Using doctrinal research methodologies with legal material sources derived from literature studies and qualitative descriptive analysis. This study discovered that by incorporating Kant's concepts into information security systems, the transcendental legal paradigm may guide ethical decision making and promote responsible technological advancement. The Ethics-Based Information Security Systems Act, modeled after Immanuel Kant's Transcendental Paradigm, would prioritize universal ethical principles, respect for human autonomy, duty-bound behaviors, transparency, accountability, and a structured regulatory framework. The law will guarantee that information security is maintained not just through technological means, but also via a solid ethical foundation that respects the dignity and rights of all those concerned.
Analysis of the reservoir properties of rocks of the Lower Kura depression (Azerbaijan)
Authors: Seidov Vaqif , Khalilova Lala , Bayramova Ilhama
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the features characterizing the Lower Kura depression (LKD). A number of hydrocarbon deposits have been discovered in this oil and gas region. The Kalmas underground gas storage facility, which has the largest volume in Azerbaijan, is also located in this area. In the LKD, all PS formations can be traced throughout the entire well section.
The reservoir properties of the rocks were considered to study the features of the area.
In order to study the reservoir properties in the well section, the field applies data obtained by using a complex of well logging (WL) methods (laterolog, spontaneous potential logging, induction logging, gamma logging, neutron logging, acoustic logging) and analyses of rock samples.
The graphs were constructed to evaluate the relationship between petrophysical parameters (porosity, permeability, etc.) determined in the rocks involved in the well sections of the object of research.
In the article, maps of porosity distribution, permeability and permeability of sandy siltstone rocks and fractions greater than 0.1 of the Productive Series of the South-Eastern Gobustan and Baku Archipelago, which are part of the Low Kura Depression, are plotted and analysed. Plots showing the porosity distribution of the Low Kura Depression by depth were also constructed and some results were obtained.
Based on reservoir properties, the region is divided into 6 groups, and in each group intermediate values of the porosity and permeability coefficient are determined. In general, the porosity coefficient ranges within 5-25%, permeability – 1-250 mD. The reservoir properties of rocks vary over area from worse to better.
The capacitance-filtration properties of rocks were studied. The rock samples analysed identified rocks with good and low reservoir characteristics.
To study the variation in the determining factors, maps of the distribution of reservoir properties indicators (fractions greater than 0.1 mm; porosity and permeability in sand-siltstone-containing rocks) were compiled by area and their causes were determined by comparison with other oil and gas fields. It was found that with distance from the mouth of the Kura River (towards the right and left banks), the reservoir properties of the rocks deteriorate. This is due to an increase in the amount of clay in rocks. It is also clarified that the change in porosity coefficient does not depend on depth. The content of sand-siltstone composition in the rocks along the section is 20-50%.
Podmienky výchovy a vzdelávania dvojročných detí v materských školách : informačný materiál
Authors: Lipnická Milena , Lynch Zuzana , Švidraň Basarabová Barbara
Published: November 2024

Cieľom vytvorenia odbornej monografie bolo sprostredkovať učiteľom materských škôl a študentom učiteľstva pre materské školy informačný materiál, ktorý opisuje, objasňuje a zovšeobecňuje problematiku vymedzenú jej názvom. Aby bol dlhodobo aktuálny, vložili sme do neho poznanie z výskumov, teórií a publikovaných prác domácich a zahraničných autorov, s praktickými ukážkami, ktoré nepodliehajú zmenám a úpravám legislatívy, kurikúl a metodík predprimámeho vzdelávania. Majú dlhodobú hodnotovú a pedagogickú platnosť a použiteľnosť v materských školách. Môžu byť aplikované aj v zariadeniach pre deti do troch rokov veku. Informačný materiál môže prispieť ku skvalitneniu podmienok výchovy a vzdelávania detí v období batoľaťa aj v rodinnej výchove. Informačný materiál obsahuje šesť kapitol. Zamerané sú na vnútorné aj vonkajšie podmienky výchovy a vzdelávania dvojročných detí v materských školách. Každá kapitola je rozčlenená na témy a subtémy, ktoré špecifikujú poznanie tak, aby bolo čo najviac konkrétne a zmysluplné. Texty informačného materiálu majú štruktúru, ktorá vizuálne rozčleňuje poznanie. Cieľom grafických úprav bolo zaujať čitateľa, aj mu poskytnúť systematický a konštruktívny odborný výklad poznania.
POTENTIAL OF ECONOMIC AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF LARGE CITIES OF THE STEPPE ZONE OF RUSSIA
Authors: Sokolov A.A. , Rudneva O.S.
Published: November 2024

The article presents a spatial analysis of the potential of economic and geographical position (EGP) of large cities of the steppe zone of Russia. The study is based on gravity models that estimate the potential for economic interaction between cities depending on the size of the economy of the city and its neighbors, adjusted for the distance to them. The analysis was carried out for 50 large cities (population more than 100 thousand people) of the steppe zone of Russia. In total, they are home to about 75 % of the urban population of the steppe zone of Russia-more than 21 million people. These cities are the engines of population growth, large cities should be considered as an effective form of concentration of human capital, intellectual capabilities and prerequisites for innovative development. The study revealed a significant spatial differentiation of the EGP potential of the cities of the steppe zone of Russia. The cities located in the European sector of the steppe zone (Rostov-on-don, Samara, Volgograd) have the maximum potential of the EGP, and the potential uniformly decreases to the East along the main frame of settlement. The lowest intercity EGP is typical for border and deep position cities (Kurgan, Orsk, Elista and Rubtsovsk). At the same time, a comprehensive assessment of the urban EGP in steppe Russia suggests a direct link between the EGP potential and the central-peripheral position of the city in the settlement system; transport-geographical, geodemographic, recreational-geographical position, etc. This study has a practical application for planning spatial development, substantiating investment policy, improving the area infrastructure, and using natural resources across steppe regions of Russia.
CATEGORICAL-SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF CONTRADICTIONS OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL TERRITORIES
Authors: KOSENCHUK O.V. , RAZUMOV V.I.
Published: November 2024

The article deals with topical issues related to the contradictions in the development of agriculture and agricultural territories. The authors analyzed the main views of domestic and foreign researchers on systemic contradictions, which include the need to introduce innovative technologies in production and the reluctance of specialists to work in rural areas, the need to create comfortable living conditions in rural areas and insufficient financing of the social sphere; the need to expand production and limited resource opportunities, etc. The contradictions of rural development are investigated on the basis of a categorical-systematic approach. The means including system-cybernetic, homeostatic schemes, the mechanism of compensatory homeostat and the pentagram of contradictions allowing understanding features of mutual relations and interests of objects of rural development are presented. It is determined that the contradictions are caused by the gap between the efficiency of agricultural development and the level of socio-economic development of agricultural territories...
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN AGILE TEAMS OF FLEXIBLE ENTERPRISE PROJECTS
Authors: APENKO S.N. , ROMANENKO M.A.
Published: November 2024

This article presents the results of the research on the grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research on the topic "Methodology of evaluation and formation of green (sustainable) project management in the regions of Russia (on the example of the Omsk region)". The purpose was to study the features of knowledge management in flexible projects and to offer a specific technology of knowledge management, which would allow achieving success of a flexible project in social indicators of sustainable development, research issues and how they are logically filed, what is presented. The actual problem is, on the one hand, the lack of development in the practice of knowledge management in flexible sustainable projects using agile technologies, on the other hand, the high need to adapt to the conditions of flexibility of knowledge management technology in projects. Our research question is as follows: "what should the technology of knowledge management look like taking into account the modern practice of managing flexible sustainable projects?" The answer to this question was obtained by means of a study using the method of expert assessments at 26 enterprises of Russia. The result was the technology of knowledge management developed by us in agile teams of flexible projects of the enterprise. A feature and novelty of the proposed technology is the repeated cycle of information sources refinement, information diagnostics and its transformation into knowledge, systematization and evaluation of the project knowledge quality. Our dedicated cycle takes place in each iteration of the project work according to the agile concept of project management. The relevance of this technology and the willingness to use it are confirmed by a survey of 54 experts at 26 enterprises of one of the regions of Russia.
E-LEARNING: THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE FLAGSHIP UNIVERSITIY
Authors: Lysenko E.A. , Zavyalova E.A.
Published: November 2024

The article considers the role of e-learning technologies in university practice from the point of view of increasing the competitiveness of a flagship university in the context of restructuring the educational services market and labor market challenges. The opportunities and threats of the introduction and further development of e-learning at a regional flagship university are formulated, which can affect competitiveness. There is a threat of a negative attitude towards e- learning on the part of primary consumers, the academic community, and the public. The threat of dehumanizing education, the threat of increasing inequality in digital training weakens the role of online technologies in improving education as a public good. The opportunities to increase the competitiveness of the flagship universities associated with the development of e-learning include: the use of mass open online courses as a kind of guidelines (standards); improvement of reputation indicators; increasing digital literacy of students and teachers; the ability to more effectively build individual educational paths as part of the market supply of educational services.
"Bad" and "Good" Colonists in the Discourse of Russian National Conservators (The Second Half of the 19th Century)
Authors: Churkin M.K.
Published: November 2024

The article, on the materials of the national-conservative discourse presented in the periodical press, reveals the main approaches of Russian “protectors” to the definition of the main tasks of colonization on the outskirts of the empire. It is established that in the understanding of M. N. Katkov, his supporters and followers, the West was considered as a springboard and a testing ground for Russian national policy. After the suppression of the uprising in the Kingdom of Poland, in the western provinces the policy of the “Russian cause” was actively implemented, aimed at supporting the Russian population, which was expressed in the intensive practices of the Russification of marginal areas, the introduction of Polonophobic slogans and moods. Later on, in the national conservative discourse, emphasis was placed on discrediting the non-ethnic colonists, which predetermined the general attitude of the Russian right to the choice of the main subject of colonization not only in the Western Territory, but also in other outlying areas of the state.
Publicistic Actions of Intellectuals in Defense of the Russian Officers. 1917
Authors: Kozhevin V.L.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of protecting Russian officers from part of the Russian intelligentsia during the 1917 revolution. The author considers the argumentation of Russian intellectuals who responded to the practice of humiliating the dignity of officers and creating obstacles to the implementation of their duties in a situation of revolutionary explosion. The article describes the position of Russian intellectuals, who considered Russian officers as an integral part of the Russian intelligentsia and tried to draw the attention of society and government to the desperate situation of officers who sought to honestly perform their Patriotic duty.
The Problem of Socio-Economic Preconditions of the Revolutionary Process of 1917 in Historiography and the Alternatives of the Historical Selection of Russia
Authors: Shepeleva V.B.
Published: November 2024

The problems of the historiography of October 1917 from the “new direction” to the current searches in terms of its socio-economic preconditions, the meaning of Russia's historical choice for the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first century, reveal disturbing gaps in the Russian historiographic tradition.