bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Thin Film Technologies : The Key Approach for the Decrease of Energy Consumption of the Digital World
Authors: Bonnaud Olivier
Published: September 2024

Since 2000, the increased possibility of nomadizing objects via the Internet of Things has spread to all sectors of society. This field initially experienced exponential growth, which is currently accelerating with the arrival of new applications such as cloud storage or artificial intelligence. All the associated electronics-based equipment needs to be supplied with electrical power. Transparency on the user's side overshadows the real energy consumption, which is growing exponentially, that is not physically acceptable in the long term. After summarizing the background to the challenges of the digital world, this paper examines various proposals for improving electronics, both technologically and architecturally, involving transistors, devices and thin-film circuits. These include stacking techniques, the introduction of wide-bandgap semiconductors, new flexible technologies, and new circuits based on analog and asynchronous approaches. An obvious resulting need concerns human resources with new skills, to which this document pays particular attention in the final section.
PEFC Electrocatalysts using Highly-Graphitized Mesoporous Carbon Supports
Authors: Kubo Kakeru , Sanami Kojiro , Suzuki Takashi , Noda Zhiyun , Yasutake Masahiro , Matsuda Junko , Lyth Stephen Matthew , Nishihara Masamichi , Sasaki Kazunari
Published: September 2024

The electrocatalysts used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are subject to oxidative corrosion of the carbon catalyst support due to start-stop cycling, as well as aggregation of Pt nanoparticles due to load fluctuations. The use of mesoporous carbon (MC) as a catalyst support has previously been shown to suppress aggregation. In this study, highly graphitized MC is prepared as a catalyst support to suppress both carbon corrosion and aggregation in Pt/MC electrocatalysts. The effect of graphitization temperature on the catalytic performance is evaluated, as well as the effect of pretreatment via either ball milling or pulverization to achieve suitable particle size. The results indicate that the initial activity of the electrocatalysts is improved by graphitization of the MC support after milling, and that the graphitization step improves the start-stop cycle durability.
A Tantalum-Rich Pt-Ta-Co Electrocatalyst for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Sanami Kojiro , Kubo Kakeru , Miyamoto Ryo , Yasutake Masahiro , Noda Zhiyun , Lyth Stephen Matthew , Matsuda Junko , Sasaki Kazunari
Published: September 2024

In polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), Pt catalyst particle growth due to load fluctuation potential cycling, and oxidative corrosion of the carbon support due to start-stop potential cycling are important issues for cathode electrocatalysts affecting their durability. Here, we incorporate tantalum into the electrocatalyst to improve both the catalytic activity and durability. This is achieved via self-assembly of a nanocomposite electrocatalyst via dealloying to form Pt-Co alloy and TaOx support nanoparticles. Half-cell electrochemical measurements confirm that the catalytic activity and durability are significantly improved by the formation of this nanocomposite electrocatalyst.
Water Permeability and Oxygen Transport Resistance of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Composite Microporous Layer Coated Gas Diffusion Layer
Authors: Wang Peng , Nakajima Hironori , Kitahara Tatsumi
Published: September 2024

Enhancing water management to mitigate the performance impact of humidity fluctuations is crucial in PEFC applications. A novel microporous layer (MPL) incorporated with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, applied to the gas diffusion layer (GDL), has been developed and demonstrated to enhance robustness under varying humidity levels. This study utilized water permeability test results to analyze the composite MPL, distinguishing between hydrophobic and hydrophilic absolute permeability ratios. By elucidating these ratios, insights into their roles in liquid water distribution and oxygen transport resistance were gained, distinguishing the composite MPL from conventional hydrophobic and hydrophilic MPLs. Ultimately, the performance of the composite MPL under high and low humidity conditions highlighted its robustness across diverse humidity environments.
Effect of Formic Acid on Fuel Cell Performance for Automobile Applications
Authors: Matsuda Yoshiyuki , Shimizu Takahiro , Imamura Daichi
Published: September 2024

Single-cell tests and exhaust gas analyses were conducted to understand the reaction behavior of formic acid (HCOOH) and its effect on fuel cell performance, as specified in the hydrogen quality standard for fuel cell vehicles. HCOOH decreased the voltage with increasing concentration, but the effect was smaller than that of carbon monoxide and performance was recovered by stopping the HCOOH supply. Exhaust gas analysis during the fuel cell operation and electrochemical measurements with HCOOH adsorbed on the electrocatalyst showed that the HCOOH supplied to the anode should permeate the electrolyte membrane and be oxidized at the cathode to produce carbon dioxide. Verification tests in the hydrogen circulation system that is typically used in actual fuel cell vehicles confirmed that the effect of HCOOH did not appear at current densities up to 2.0 A cm−2 and concentrations up to 5 ppm.
Understanding the Impact of Gas Diffusion Layer Degradation on Water Inventory in Low Temperature PEM Fuel Cells for Heavy Duty Vehicles Application: Operando X-Ray and Neutron Imaging Study
Authors: Saadat Sepehr , Arlt Tobias , Wilhelm Florian , Kardjilov Nikolay , Hopfer Lukas , Sans-Planell Oriol , Regnet Fabian , Helfen Lukas , Markötter Henning , Wilde Fabian , Manke Ingo , Scholta Joachim , Hölzle Markus
Published: September 2024

Samples from two materials representing the condition at begin and end of life, were selected from testing of commercial, state-of-the-art PEM fuel cell stacks. Using small-area single cell setups specifically developed for visualization purposes, operando synchrotron and neutron imaging experiments to visualize water dynamics and distribution within these cells were performed. In this study, the effects of aging on water inventory in the gas diffusion layers throughout the lifespan of the cells are investigated. The findings provide insights into how aging influences water management, which is crucial for optimizing the performance and longevity of PEM fuel cells for heavy-duty applications.
Big Brother Is Watching You: Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Automated Fuel Cell Monitoring (Technical Report)
Authors: Klass Lukas , Holz Laurin , Koenig Lukas , Kabza Alexander , Sehnke Frank , Strecker Katharina , Hölzle Markus
Published: September 2024

In this technical report, we present our second-generation digital twin model for monitoring of fuel cells. This digital twin combines two data-driven machine learning models: a stationary model for stationary cell voltage prediction and a degradation model for degradation correction. This combination of both models results in a precise probabilistic prediction of the cell voltage over time.Furthermore, we present a web-based framework for automated fuel cell monitoring in real time. This framework allows training a digital twin on existing data and subsequently applying the twin to automatically check new data for anomalies.
Theoretical Study of Ion Pairing in Protic Ionic Liquids of ΔpKa range 6 to 18
Authors: Rana Smit S. , Cayer Justin , East Allan L. L.
Published: September 2024

Studies on “poor” protic ionic liquids, having proton-transfer strength ΔpKa = 0-6, have shown the need to make corrections to the Fuoss equation for prediction of ΔGioniz and Kioniz for ion-pairing equilibria in these systems. Recent work built empirical functions to replace the Fuoss equation for this ΔpKa region, based on ab initio ion-pairing energies, but the functions did not perform well at the higher end of this range. Here, we extend the study to the range ΔpKa = 6-18, examining hypothetical mixtures of trimethylamine (TEA) with acids from weak (CH3COOH) to quite strong (CF3SO3H). Ab initio pairing energies were obtained for these systems, followed by refitting. Preliminary comparisons with experimental ionicities appear to show inaccuracies in the ab initio dataset, not in the fitting function form. Future work is planned to include dataset shifts, empirical or theoretical, to allow the goal of a predictive function for ionicity as a function of ΔpKa and acid:base mixing ratio.
Oxygen Evolution Behavior of Ni-Containing Alloy Electrodes in NaOH–KOH Hydrate Melt
Authors: Kawaguchi Kenji , Nohira Toshiyuki
Published: September 2024

We investigated the oxygen evolution behavior of nine types of commercially available Ni-containing alloys in a NaOH–KOH hydrate melt. The oxygen overpotential of all Ni-containing alloys was lower than that of the Ni electrode (453 mV) at 500 mA cm–2 and 150°C. The Kovar (Fe–Ni–Co alloy) electrode exhibited the lowest oxygen overpotentials of 280 mV at 150°C and 227 mV at 200°C. The Tafel slope of the Kovar electrode at 150°C was 63 mV dec–1, which was slightly lower than that of the Ni electrode (67 mV dec–1). The upper limit of the Tafel region for the Kovar electrode was extended to a higher current density of 300 mA cm–2 compared to that for the Ni electrode (100 mA cm–2) at 150°C. It further extended to 1000 mA cm–2 at 200°C, indicating that highly efficient water electrolysis can be expected.
Electrodeposition of Aluminum-Silicon Films in Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Venkatesh Krishna , Ispas Adriana , Bund Andreas
Published: September 2024

Electrodeposition of aluminum-silicon films in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride: aluminum chloride (1:1.5 molar ratio) was studied in the presence of different silicon halides. The silicon content in the deposited films was investigated as a function of the type and the concentration of various Si precursors. Using pulse plating technique, Al-Si films with Si content between 2 - 12.9 at. % could be obtained on copper substrates at room temperature.
Role of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 on Electric, Dielectric, Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Characteristics of Multiferroic Nanocomposites for Magnetoelectric Devices
Authors: Durga M. Kanaka , Raju P. , Rani G. Neeraja
Published: September 2024

Multiferroic composites of ferrite and ferroelcectric phases with systematically varying concentration (100-x)Mg0.48Cu0.12Zn0.4Fe2O4 + x Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (MCZPZT) ( where, x mol% = 0, 20, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100) were prepared by mechanical alloying and sintering methods. The dc resistivity and dielectric constant of the samples as a function of temperature were studied in detail and obtained results are reported. The magnetoelectric effect was investigated for the composites. The sample with 80% ferroelectric phase (MP5), shows largest magnetoelectric output voltage coefficient (dE/dH)

H
value of 880

μ
V

c
m
.
O
e

at 2000 Oe magnetic field. Electromagnetic interference shielding properties of transmission loss and attenuation constant were determined for the composites. Skin depth decreases with frequency from 0.29 to 0.2 cm in the range 8–12 GHz for all composites. The composite MP5 with 80% PZT shows lowest α value between 282 dB m−1 and 414 dB m−1 throughout X-band frequencies. The present results proved that the current magnetoelectric materials of all concentrations exhibit strong magnetoelectric coupling with excellent microwave absorbing performance in X-band region and are appropriate for EMI shielding and novel device applications.
Assessment of the Effects of Albendazole‐Loaded Sulfonated Graphene Oxide on Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces: An In Vitro Investigation
Authors: Lashkarizadeh Mohammad Reza , Shafie’ei Mohammad , Lashkarizadeh Mahdiyeh , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Sheibani Ghazaleh , Akbari Zahra , Daneshafruz Haniyeh , Derakhshani Ali , Khamesipour Faham
Published: September 2024

Objectives. Due to Albendazole’s relatively low efficacy and bioavailability, Echinococcosis has proven a challenge to manage successfully, with several studies investigating ways to improve the outcome, mainly showing mixed results. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate whether Sulfonated Graphene Oxide (S‐GO), as nanocarriers, could improve the mentioned outcome. Methods. Echinococcus protoscoleces were divided into four groups based on the agent they received, which comprised control, S‐GO, Albendazole, and Albendazole‐loaded S‐GO (S‐GO‐Albendazole). Then, the Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression levels and the number of surviving protoscoleces in each group were determined. Results. Bax gene expression increased by 121% in the 50 μg/ml concentration of the S‐GO‐Albendazole, while Bcl-2 gene expression decreased by 64%. Moreover, S‐GO‐Albendazole was approximately 18% more effective at neutralizing protoscoleces than Albendazole and 14% and 31% more effective at improving the expression of the mentioned genes, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, the number of surviving protoscoleces after exposure to the mentioned concentration reduced by approximately 99%. Conclusions. S‐GO, despite not having significant lethality on protoscoleces, significantly increased the lethality of Albendazole and, therefore, is a suitable nanocarrier. However, we recommend conducting in vivo and clinical studies to more accurately determine this nanocomplex’s potential and side effects.
Diabetes Myonecrosis: A Debilitating Complication in an Indigenous Young Woman With Long Standing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: He Jinwen , Wang Liyan , Robertson Thomas , Rangaswamaiah Swetha , Malabu Usman H.
Published: September 2024

A 24‐year‐old Indigenous Australian female with long‐standing, poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) presented with 3 months’ history of unilateral thigh swelling and pain. Her laboratory investigations showed evidence of a persistent inflammatory state with normal creatine kinase. Infectious and autoimmune investigations were negative. Imaging demonstrated evidence of muscular oedema and atrophy. Muscular pain and swelling have a broad list of differential diagnoses. This case highlights a rare but potentially debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus—diabetic myonecrosis with its challenges in reaching a definitive diagnosis due to non‐specific symptomology and laboratory findings. However, it is an important differential of leg pain and swelling to consider, particularly in those with long‐standing diabetes and pre‐existing microvascular complications. Glycaemic control is paramount in preventing this potentially severe diabetic complication.
Supplementary Movie 3 from Integration of Clinical Trial Spatial Multiomics Analysis and Virtual Clinical Trials Enables Immunotherapy Response Prediction and Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Zhang Shuming , Deshpande Atul , Verma Babita K. , Wang Hanwen , Mi Haoyang , Yuan Long , Ho Won Jin , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Zhu Qingfeng , Anders Robert A. , Yarchoan Mark , Kagohara Luciane T. , Fertig Elana J. , Popel Aleksander S.
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Movie 3
Supplementary Movie 1 from Integration of Clinical Trial Spatial Multiomics Analysis and Virtual Clinical Trials Enables Immunotherapy Response Prediction and Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Zhang Shuming , Deshpande Atul , Verma Babita K. , Wang Hanwen , Mi Haoyang , Yuan Long , Ho Won Jin , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Zhu Qingfeng , Anders Robert A. , Yarchoan Mark , Kagohara Luciane T. , Fertig Elana J. , Popel Aleksander S.
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Movie 1
PET Imaging Using 89Zr-Labeled StarPEG Nanocarriers Reveals Heterogeneous Enhanced Permeability and Retention in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Meher Niranjan , Bidkar Anil P. , Wadhwa Anju , Bobba Kondapa Naidu , Dhrona Suchi , Dasari Chandrashekhar , Mu Changhua , Fong Cyril O.Y. , Cámara Juan A. , Ali Umama , Basak Megha , Bulkley David , Steri Veronica , Fontaine Shaun D. , Zhu Jun , Oskowitz Adam , Aggarwal Rahul R. , Sriram Renuka , Chou Jonathan , Wilson David M. , Seo Youngho , Santi Daniel V. , Ashley Gary W. , VanBrocklin Henry F. , Flavell Robert R.
Published: September 2024

The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect controls passive nanodrug uptake in tumors and may provide a high tumor payload with prolonged retention for cancer treatment. However, EPR-mediated tumor uptake and distribution vary by cancer phenotype. Thus, we hypothesized that a companion PET imaging surrogate may benefit EPR-mediated therapeutic drug delivery. We developed two 89Zr-radiolabeled nanocarriers based on 4-armed starPEG40kDa with or without talazoparib (TLZ), a potent PARP inhibitor, as surrogates for the PEG-TLZ4 therapeutic scaffold. For PET imaging, PEG-DFB4 and PEG-DFB1-TLZ3 were radiolabeled with 89Zr by replacing one or all four copis of TLZ on PEG-TLZ4 with deferoxamine B (DFB). The radiolabeled nanodrugs [89Zr]PEG-DFB4 and [89Zr]PEG-DFB1-TLZ3 were tested in vivo in prostate cancer subcutaneous (s.c.) xenografts (22Rv1, LTL-545, and LTL-610) and 22Rv1 metastatic models. Their EPR-mediated tumoral uptake and penetration was compared with CT26, a known EPR-high cell line. MicroPET/CT images, organ biodistribution, and calculated kinetic parameters showed high uptake in CT26 and LTL-545 and moderate to low uptake in LTL-610 and 22Rv1. MicroPET/CT and high-resolution autoradiographic images showed nanocarrier penetration into highly permeable CT26, but heterogeneous peripheral accumulation was observed in LTL-545, LTL-610, and 22Rv1 s.c. xenografts and metastatic tumors. CD31 staining of tumor sections showed homogenous vascular development in CT26 tumors and heterogeneity in other xenografts. Both [89Zr]PEG-DFB4 and [89Zr]PEG-DFB1-TLZ3 showed similar accumulation and distribution in s.c. and metastatic tumor models. Both nanocarriers can measure tumor model passive uptake heterogeneity. Although heterogeneous, prostate cancer xenografts had low EPR. These starPEG nanocarriers could be used as PET imaging surrogates to predict drug delivery and efficacy.
Supplementary Table 2 from Generation, Transcriptomic States, and Clinical Relevance of CX3CR1+ CD8 T Cells in Melanoma
Authors: Ishigaki Hirohito , Yamauchi Takayoshi , Long Mark D. , Hoki Toshifumi , Yamamoto Yuta , Oba Takaaki , Ito Fumito
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Table 2
Figure 8 from SREBP-Dependent Regulation of Lipid Homeostasis Is Required for Progression and Growth of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ishida Chiaki T. , Myers Stephanie L. , Kubota Casie S. , Shao Wei , McGuire Meredith R. , Liu Chune , Ewachiw Theodore E. , Mukhopadhyay Debaditya , Ke Suqi , Wang Hao , Rasheed Zeshaan A. , Anders Robert A. , Espenshade Peter J.
Published: September 2024

SREBP pathway is broadly required for cancer cell growth and is activated in human PDAC tumors. A–C, The essentiality of SCAP, SREBF1, and SREBF2 across cancer cell lines was examined using the Cancer Dependency Map project database (Public Chronos 23Q4). The mean Chronos dependency scores are shown for multiple organ systems, including the pancreas (red). Negative scores indicate gene essentiality. D, Expression of SREBP target genes in PDAC tumor tissue compared with normal tissue is shown from two Oncomine data sets Pei and Badea (33). Blue, lower gene expression; red, higher gene expression; black, P > 0.05. Genes are grouped and color-coded by bioinformatic process (https://www.genepattern.org/#gsc.tab=0). E, The association of SREBP target genes with survival from patients with PDAC was queried using the Kaplan–Meier Plotter tool (https://kmplot.com/analysis/) and RNA sequencing datasets (n = 177 patients for each curve).
Figure 7 from SREBP-Dependent Regulation of Lipid Homeostasis Is Required for Progression and Growth of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ishida Chiaki T. , Myers Stephanie L. , Kubota Casie S. , Shao Wei , McGuire Meredith R. , Liu Chune , Ewachiw Theodore E. , Mukhopadhyay Debaditya , Ke Suqi , Wang Hao , Rasheed Zeshaan A. , Anders Robert A. , Espenshade Peter J.
Published: September 2024

Inhibition of both SREBP1 and SREBP2 is required to prevent PDAC cell and tumor growth. A, Immunoblot of Pa03c wild-type, SREBF1 KO, SREBF2 KO, SREBF1/2 double KO cells for indicated antibodies. Membrane-enriched extracts (20 μg) were harvested and probed for SREBP1 and SREBP2. Calnexin served as a loading control. B, Wild-type (WT) Pa03c, SREBF1 KO, SREBF2 KO, SREBF1/2 double KO, and MBTPS1 KO cells were cultured in either 10% FBS or 1% FBS for 7 days. Media were changed every 3 days. Plates were stained with crystal violet and quantification is shown (n = 3 per group). For each cell line, growth was normalized to the 10% FBS condition. Statistical significance was determined using two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. P values are indicated: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001, ns, not significant. Error bar denotes SD. C, Nude mice were subcutaneously injected with 1 × 106 Pa03c cells of the indicted genotype in both flanks (two tumors per mouse). Once visible, tumors were measured, and volume calculated. Each group contained five mice. Error bar denotes SD. D, Individual tumor volumes at day 25, n = 10 tumors per group. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett test. Error bar denotes SD.
Prognostic Significance of Albumin-Globulin Ratio in Urachal Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Hengxin , Wu Menghai , Chen Minfeng
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Although albumin-globulin ratio (AGR) has been used in the prognostic assessment of multiple solid malignancies, so far no research has confirmed the prognostic significance of AGR as a biomarker for urachal carcinoma. We analyzed the relationship between AGR and prognosis in urachal carcinoma, aiming to identify a promising prognostic biomarker for urachal carcinoma. Methods: We reviewed the clinical data of 25 patients diagnosed with urachal carcinoma in the Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, from January 2008 to October 2021. The best cut-off value of preoperative AGR was determined according to the receiver operator characteristic curve. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the effect of preoperative AGR on the overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze prognostic factors including preoperative AGR. Results: The best cut-off value of preoperative AGR in urachal carcinoma patients is 1.45. Low preoperative AGR is significantly associated with worse OS and RFS. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis indicated that low preoperative AGR is an independent and reliable factor to predict poor prognosis, OS, and RFS in urachal carcinoma patients. Conclusion: Urachal carcinoma patients with low preoperative AGR have worse prognosis, and preoperative AGR is a valuable prognostic indicator for urachal carcinoma research.
Frequency of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis in the Elderly: Cross-Sectional Findings from the German AugUR Study
Authors: Drewitz Karl Philipp , Stark Klaus J. , Zimmermann Martina E. , Heid Iris M. , Apfelbacher Christian J.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis appear to affect 2–3% (lifetime prevalence) people worldwide. However, there are little epidemiological data on the prevalence of those two chronic inflammatory skin diseases in the elderly. The aim of this study was to provide frequency estimates of AD and psoriasis obtained from an elderly population in Germany. Methods: We examined baseline data from the AugUR study, a cohort study focusing on an aging population in the city and the vicinity of Regensburg, Germany. We estimated raw frequencies of physician-diagnosed AD and psoriasis from participants’ self-reports in personal interviews. These frequencies were adjusted to reflect the demographic distribution of the Bavarian population, considering both sex and age groupings spanning 5 or 10 years and reported with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Data from 1,133 participants aged 70–95 (median age 76.7 years, 45.1% women) were available for analysis. Physician-diagnosed AD was reported by 3.3% (95% CI: 2.3-4.5) of participants (2.4% from men, 4.3% from women) and 5.6% (95% CI: 4.3–7.1%) reported physician-diagnosed psoriasis (6.6% in men, 4.3% in women). Age- and sex-standardized frequency estimates for AD were 3.4% (95% CI: 2.4–4.6, 2.6% in men, 4.3% in women) and 5.3% for psoriasis (95% CI: 4.1–6.8, 6.3% in men and 4.1% in women). Conclusion: This study indicates a lower than previously reported lifetime prevalence of AD (3.4% vs. 8–10%) and a higher one regarding psoriasis (5.3% vs. 2–4%) in highly aged individuals. More epidemiological research in elderly populations using validated physician diagnoses is desirable.
The fate of the Xigaze forearc basin after Late Cretaceous filling (South Tibet)
Authors: JIANG JING-XIN , HU XIU-MIAN , GARZANTI EDUARDO , BOUDAGHER-FADEL MARCELLE , AN WEI
Published: September 2024

The Xigaze forearc basin is a key region to understand the evolution of active continental margins related to Neo-Tethyan oceanic subduction. Most studies have focused on the sedimentary evolution during filling of the marine basin, but we here provide a detailed sedimentological and biostratigraphic analysis of the last, uppermost Cretaceous to Paleogene phases of forearc sedimentation documented by the shallow marine to deltaic to fluvial Qubeiya, Quxia, and Jialazi formations exposed in the Cuojiangding area. By comparing these sequences with regional tectonic and global climate events and sea-level curves, a reconstruction of the environmental evolution during this final filling stage is proposed, placing emphasis on the eustatic control of carbonate deposition in the Qubeiya and Jialazi formations. These transgressive intervals are separated by two regressive episodes unrelated to global sea-level trends that led to the demise of the carbonate platform. The first episode, documented by fan-delta deposits of the Quxia Formation, occurred at the time of initial India-Asia collision. The second episode, documented in the central part of the Jialazi Formation, occurred during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, likely driven by an intensified hydrological cycle. These results provide new insight into the palaeo-tectonic and palaeo-environmental evolution during the closure of the Neotethys seaway between India and Asia.
The Role of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Acute Bilateral Vocal Cord Paresis or Paralysis Post-Thyroidectomy
Authors: Song Yaerin , Lackey Taylor G. , Amin Milan R.
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

Acute post-thyroidectomy bilateral vocal cord paresis or paralysis (BVCP) is often managed with observation, botulinum toxin injection or tracheostomy. However, only a few cases discuss obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the context of BVCP with limited exploration of home sleep test (HST) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as post-operative assessment and management tools. This study suggests CPAP as a less invasive approach while awaiting vocal cord recovery.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted on 2 female patients who presented with dyspnea and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) symptoms post-thyroidectomy. Both patients underwent laryngoscopy and HSTs, followed by CPAP prescription.

Results:

Case 1 (body mass index [BMI]: 32.6 kg/m2) and Case 2 (BMI: 20.1 kg/m2), aged 66 and 77 respectively, presented with post-surgery dyspnea and SDB symptoms. Laryngoscopy revealed left vocal cord paresis and right vocal cord paralysis in both cases. Although tracheostomy could provide definitive treatment, both cases were deferred for non-invasive options, which led to HST, confirming moderate OSA (PAT-derived apnea-hypopnea index (pAHI): 18/hour and 27.1/hour) leading to CPAP recommendation. In Case 2, 5 weeks of CPAP use resulted in dramatic improvements in her sleep quality, with continued benefits at 3-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

These cases underscore the value of considering sleep studies and CPAP as adjunctive tools in acute post-thyroidectomy BVCP management while awaiting vocal motion recovery. This report also further supports that BVCP sufficiently narrows the glottic airway, predisposing patients to OSA.
Strengthening emergency pest prevention, preparedness and response: The potential role of the private sector
Authors: Bateman Melanie , Day Roger , Migiro Lorna , Agboyi Lakpo Koku , Gurmessa Negussie E , Romney Dannie , Boafo Hettie Arwo , Doughty Kevin , Ward Andrew , Stewart Melissa
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the potential role of the private sector, particularly the crop protection industry, in enhancing emergency pest prevention, preparedness and response (EPPPR) in relation to invasive pests. By leveraging their position and knowledge, private companies can contribute significantly to mitigating pest-related risks, enabling sustainable responses. We outline a comprehensive framework for EPPPR, covering prevention, preparedness, early detection, emergency response and integrated pest management, and we discuss how the private sector can contribute to this framework.

We highlight the value that greater private sector involvement could bring to emergency pest prevention, preparedness and early pest detection through its on-the-ground networks and data-sharing capabilities with national plant protection organisations. Additionally, we stress the importance of robust and agile regulatory frameworks and policies for creating an enabling environment for the effective management of emergency pest outbreaks. We also emphasise the potential opportunities provided by private sector investment in research and development in driving innovation in pest management technologies.

By fostering partnerships with governments, international organisations, local communities and other stakeholders, the private sector can play a vital role in building a resilient agricultural system capable of withstanding pest challenges.
Citizenship Traditions and Cultures of Military Service: Patriotism and Paychecks in Five Democracies
Authors: Krebs Ronald R. , Ralston Robert , Balzacq Thierry , Blagden David , Shenhav Shaul R. , Steinbrecher Markus
Published: September 2024

Why do people think that soldiers and officers join the military? In this article, we report and explain unique survey results of nationally representative populations in five democracies—France, Germany, Israel, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Beliefs about motivations for military service vary significantly by nation. In Israel and France, large majorities endorse intrinsic accounts of service motivations—that is, those centering on patriotism and good citizenship. The U.S. population is nearly evenly split between extrinsic accounts—ascribing service to the pay and benefits received or to the desire to escape desperate circumstances—and intrinsic ones. A large majority of U.K. and Germany-based respondents hew to extrinsic service accounts. We argue that the most plausible explanation lies with prevailing national citizenship discourses, in combination with the military’s operational tempo. This research has implications for public support for military recruitment, the use of force, and democratic civil–military relations.
Environmental exposure to lead and cadmium only minimally affects the redox system of the follicular fluid and the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Authors: Olszak-Wąsik Katarzyna , Tukiendorf Andrzej , Kasperczyk Aleksandra , Olejek Anita , Zamłyński Mateusz , Horák Stanisław
Published: September 2024

The purpose of our study was to determine the influence of lead and cadmium in concentrations commonly found in the environment on the redox system of the follicular fluid (FF) and on the results of assisted reproduction. A prospective study of 113 patients with unexplained infertility who qualified for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Patients with moderate or severe endometriosis or poor ovarian reserve were excluded from the study. Biochemical analyses and heavy metal assays of follicular fluid and serum (blood) were followed by statistical analyses of dependencies between lead and cadmium and the components of redox system and results of assisted reproduction. A highly significant linear correlation of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in serum and in FF was stated. The number of retrieved oocytes and MII (metaphase II stage) oocytes depended on the malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), catalase/g of protein (CAT/g of protein), and glutathione reductase (GR) concentrations. Among biochemical factors, MDA was the only factor that correlated negatively with cadmium concentration in serum and FF and simultaneously influenced the number of retrieved oocytes and MII oocytes. The fertilization rate of MII oocytes was influenced by thiol groups—SH, SH/g of protein, CAT, CAT/g of protein, and glutathione peroxidase/g of protein (GPx/g of protein). The Pb and Cd concentrations in FF did not significantly influence the fertilization rates. Lead as well as cadmium at concentrations commonly found in women of reproductive age despite some adaptive changes in the redox system in follicular fluid do not cause large changes in the ovarian follicular environment as a whole and do not significantly worsen the final results of assisted reproduction.
Asynchronous motor resistance thermal drift prediction and compensation strategy based on sparse search optimization of backpropagation (BP) neural network algorithm
Authors: Wang Lei , Qiu Feng , Li Zhipeng , Zhai Hao , Gu Chunhao , Chen Daen
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a compensation strategy for thermal drift in motor resistance to enhance the control precision of induction motors. The compensation strategy primarily utilizes a sparse search algorithm (SSA) to adjust the initial parameters of a backpropagation (BP) neural network, establishing a refined thermal drift prediction and compensation model (SSA-BP). An 18 kW asynchronous motor is used as the test sample, with stator temperature and phase resistance data collected for model training and testing. The resistance prediction performance of the SSA-BP model is compared with that of BP and particle swarm optimization-BP models and the algorithm models are evaluated using metrics such as R², root mean square error, mean bias error, mean square error, and mean absolute percentage error. The comparison results demonstrate that the SSA-BP algorithm model exhibits higher prediction accuracy and generalization capability in the prediction of motor resistance thermal drift. Finally, by employing the SSA-BP thermal drift prediction compensation strategy in motor control, the tracking performance of d-axis and q-axis currents and speed feedback is superior to that before compensation, thereby optimizing the motor control performance.
Protective effects of atractylenolide III on oxygen‐glucose‐deprivation/reperfusion‐induced injury in HT22 cells
Authors: Guo Roujia , Quan Siqi , Liu Yuan , Wang Jiahui , Huang Ziyang , Guo Xiuhui , Bai Ming , Xu Erping , Yan Xiangli , Li Yucheng
Published: September 2024

Background

Atractylenolide III (ATL III) is a natural bioactive compound, that possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. However, whether ATL III can protect against neuronal injury induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) have not yet been studied. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ATL III on neuronal injury using an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model in HT22 cells.

Methods

Establishment of OGD/R model to induce HT22 cell injury in vitro. Cell viability, live-dead cell staining, oxidative stress levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were detected using kits. Cell apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry, and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 proteins was detected by western blot.

Results

ATL III significantly alleviates OGD/R-induced cell injury, as evidenced by the increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis rate. ATL III increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The protein expression of Bax and Caspase-3 was downregulated, while Bcl-2 expression was upregulated by ATL III.

Conclusion

ATL III as a potential therapeutic agent for reducing neuronal injury by mitigating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation.
The Use of Fatty Acid Amides as Combined Slip and Anti-block Additives
Authors: Maltby Adam , Ruxton Philip
Published: September 2024

Many current polyolefin film formulations contain fatty acid amides and finely divided inorganic materials such as silica or talc. The amides are normally considered to improve friction and the inorganic materials lower film-to-film adhesion (blocking). However this is a simplistic view, as amides are known to lower blocking themselves and may have synergistic effects with the inorganic materials.

By considering the chemical and physical nature of the amide it is possible to produce materials that give good anti-blocking performance, however this usually results in poorer slip characteristics.

This paper demonstrates that it is possible to tailor the composition of the amide to give improved anti-blocking performance whilst maintaining the slip properties. The benefit of this approach is reduced inorganic anti-block levels, resulting in improved haze, gloss and clarity.
Triacetoneamine Derivatives:- Industrial Applications and Recent Developments
Authors: Kirchhoff J. , Kraushaar F.
Published: September 2024

Over the last 25 years, the continuous improvements in polymer stabilization have been synonymous with the development of Hindered Amine Stabilization technology. Hindered Amine Stabilizers (H.A.S.) act as long-term Light Stabilizers (H.A.L.S.) as well as longterm Thermal Stabilizers (H.A.T.S.). Their ability to interrupt polymer degradation efficiently by radical scavenging is based on the sterically hindered amine functional group which is able to form stable N-Oxyles as catalytic active intermediates. The starting point in the synthesis of all commercial H.A.S. is 2,2,6,6-tetramethy 1-4-piperidone, more known as triacetoneamine (TAA). By reaction at the ketone moiety and/or the hindered amine function respectively, TAA is first transformed to its derivatives, which represent the central building blocks for the stabilizers. By oxidation of TAA or its derivatives the corresponding tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyles, called TEMPO-products are formed, which can be used, e.g. as polymerization inhibitors, molecular weight regulators, short stoppers or oxidation catalysts. This paper will give a brief overview of current industrial and possible future applications of TAA derivatives as precursors for H.A.S. and TEMPO products. Conventional methodologies as well as some novel developments, e.g. reactive or polymer bounded stabilizers are highlighted.
Damage Evaluation by Means of Electrical Resistivity Measurements
Authors: Motahhari Siamak , Cao Yumei , Cameron John
Published: September 2024

Electrical resistivity has been used to detect the internal damage inglass fibre-polyester composite sheet materials. It is shown that theintroduction of microstructural damage to the composite increases theelectrical resistivity in a direction perpendicular to the plane in which thefibres lie. In these experiments, the samples were subjected to somepredetermined value of impact energy using a drop weight tester. The impactenergy causes fibre-matrix debonding and microcrack propagation within thematrix and fibres. The measurement of the electrical resistivity before andafter impact reveals a linear relation between the electrical resistivity andthe magnitude of the applied impact energy. The reproducibility of the data washigher (within ±2%) for the less damaged samples. For the more severelysamples, however, the reproducibility was poorer (within ±8%). This is a goodfeature, as the extent of damage in the less severely damaged samples cannot bedetected by visual inspection.
Nurses navigating moral distress, resilience, and team dynamics: A literature review
Authors: Ansari Natasha , Warner Echo , Taylor-Swanson Lisa , Wilson Rebecca , Van Epps Jake , Iacob Eli , Supiano Katherine
Published: September 2024

Background

This manuscript explores the pervasive issue of moral distress among nurses and its impact on their well-being and professional satisfaction. Focusing on diverse factors contributing to moral distress, the review spans various experience levels and patient care settings.

Method

Utilizing integrative reviews and sourcing from PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, and ProQuest, the study synthesizes findings from studies worldwide. The conceptual framework by Whittemore & Knafl is employed to comprehensively analyze nurses’ experiences.

Results

Key factors were identified as contributing to moral distress, including concerns about care quality, team dynamics, and insufficient support. Interventions range from light-touch approaches like mentorship programs to resource-intensive strategies such as staff wellness initiatives. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses’ moral distress is also explored.

Conclusion

Moral distress in nurses leads to burnout and, in some cases, prompts professionals to leave the field. The study emphasizes the need for organizational-level initiatives, support networks, and interventions to address moral distress. Identified gaps in the literature underscore opportunities for future research to better prepare clinicians and advance understanding across experience levels and settings.
Causes of moral distress among midwives: A scoping review
Authors: Rost Michael , Montagnoli Caterina , Eichinger Johanna
Published: September 2024

Numerous studies have evidenced moral distress among midwives; however, to date no research synthesis on causes of moral distress among midwives has been conducted. A scoping review was carried out to identify, comprehensively map, and categorize possible causes of moral distress among midwives, and to identify knowledge gaps. Six data bases were searched using Boolean logic. To be included, studies had to (a) present empirical findings on (b) causes of moral distress (c) among midwives (d) in English, German, French, or Italian. We included a final set of 43 studies. The vast majority of studies came from high-income countries (83.7%) and used a qualitative approach (69.8%); 48.8% of the studies were published in the past 5 years. Identified single reasons of moral distress were grouped into eight broader clusters, forming a coherent framework of reasons of moral distress: societal disregard, contemporary birth culture, resources, institutional characteristics, interprofessional relationships, interpersonal mistreatment of service users, defensive practice, and challenging care situations. These clusters mostly capture moral distress resulting from a conflict between external constraints and personal moral standards, with a smaller proportion also from an intraindividual conflict between multiple personal moral standards. Despite projected increases in demand for midwives, the midwifery workforce globally faces a crisis and is experiencing substantial strain. Moral distress further exacerbates the shortage of midwives, which negatively affects birth experiences and birth outcomes, ultimately rendering it a public health issue. Our findings offer points of leverage to better monitor and alleviate moral distress among midwives, contributing to reducing attrition rates and improving birth experiences and birth outcomes. Further research is essential to explore the issue of ecological moral distress, develop evidence-based interventions aimed at alleviating moral distress among midwives, and evaluate the effects of both individual and system-level interventions on midwives, intrapartum care, and service users’ outcomes.
Toward Realism: An Analysis of Coastal Environments in Open-World Video Games
Authors: Fraile-Jurado Pablo , Llovet-Ferrer Marc , Roig-Munar Francesc Xavier
Published: September 2024

This study examines the fidelity of coastal environments depicted in open-world video games, aiming to evaluate the accuracy and representation of various coastal features. Through a systematic analysis of 20 selected video games, encompassing diverse settings and developers, coastal elements such as beaches, cliffs, and tidal marshes were scrutinized. A bespoke asymmetric indicator, tailored to each game's unique coastal landscape, was employed, drawing upon 32 descriptive variables initially proposed by coastal experts. The findings reveal significant variation in the representation of coastal features across different games, with some demonstrating high fidelity, while others exhibit simplifications or omissions. Notably, games like Red Dead Redemption 2 and Assassin's Creed series excel in capturing the complexity of coastal environments, while others fall short in their simulation. These findings underscore the potential for video games to serve as immersive educational tools for understanding coastal ecosystems, emphasizing the need for enhanced fidelity and accuracy in their representation. Further research in this domain could contribute to the development of more realistic and educational gaming experiences, fostering greater awareness and appreciation of coastal environments among players.
Culture-Specific Resilience Intervention for Stressed Chinese Parents of Preschoolers: Quasi-Experimental Controlled Trial
Authors: Cheung Yves Cho Ho , Wong Daniel Fu Keung , Zhuang Xiaoyu , Dai Xiaolu , Ng Fong Wing
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Resilience-based interventions have been found to prevent deleterious stress reactions in parent–child dyads. Existing conceptual models and interventions developed mainly in Western cultures; both theoretical and practical cultural adaptations are scarce. This study developed a culture-specific, resilience-based intervention for highly stressed Chinese parents and examined the effects of culture on intervention outcomes. Method: Ninety-one Chinese parents from Hong Kong with elevated stress levels were allocated to either the intervention or treatment-as-usual (TAU) conditions. Data were collected during preintervention, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up. Results: The intervention group significantly outperformed the TAU group in enhancing parental self-kindness and reducing children's total pathological symptoms. Both groups showed reduced parental stress and anxiety, reduced children's internalizing symptoms, and improved emotional flexibility. Furthermore, those living with grandparents resulted in a greater reduction in parental stress, children's internalizing symptoms, and total pathological symptoms. Discussion: Cultural influences can engender unique risks and resources, leading to culture-specific interventions.
EXPRESS: Unraveling the Adverse Effects of Social Media on Teenagers: Current and Future Research Directions
Authors: Bhardwaj Seema , Chopra Ritika , Donthu Naveen , Choudhary Pooja
Published: September 2024

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