bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethical reflections on phase I clinical trials of anticancer drugs: from a Chinese IRB’s empirical perspective
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Song Zhengbo , Tang Shuting , Wang Zhaochen , Zhu Ji
Published: November 2024

Purpose

With the rapid development of Phase I clinical trials for anticancer drugs in China, addressing ethical concerns is imperative. In order to safeguard the rights, interests, and well-being of research participants, this paper aims to illustrate vital ethical issues that should not be neglected by institutional review boards as well as other relevant stakeholders for Phase I clinical trials of anticancer drugs.

Methods

This study retrospectively collects documents on Phase I clinical trials for anticancer drugs that were submitted to the Institutional Review Board at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from 2021 to 2023. Based on Chinese and international research regulations and guidelines, these documents, as well as initial and follow-up review resolutions, have been classified and analyzed.

Results

Given the additional risks of potentially toxic effects in Phase I clinical trials for anticancer drugs and the vulnerability of participants enrolled with advanced cancer status, it is important to review investigator qualifications, preliminary findings, research methods, inclusion and exclusion criteria in the protocol, as well as the validity and readability of informed consent. Additionally, attention should be given to follow-up reviews, particularly regarding safety reports and protocol deviations.

Conclusion

To effectively protect the rights, interests and safety of research participants. Relevant stakeholders, including sponsors, researchers, and regulatory bodies, should diligently evaluate potential risks and provision contingency plan to minimize the latent risk.
Content-Independence in Law
Authors: Dickson Julie
Published: November 2024

This Element examines the notion of content-independence and its relevance for understanding various aspects of the character of law. Its task should be understood expansively, as encompassing both inquiry into that which makes law into what it is, and inquiry into what law ought to be, which values it ought to serve, and which aspects of its character may play a facilitative role in law realising aspects of its potential. Many existing discussions of content-independence focus largely on the justificatory aspects of content-independence: whether, and, if so, how, there can be content-independent reasons for action, or content-independent justifications of rules, or the extent to which political obligation is content-independent. This Element, too, examines such issues but also seeks to explore an additional possibility: that the notion of content-independence can illuminate issues regarding law's existence, identification, and systematicity.
Opera in Warsaw
Authors: Parkitna Anna
Published: November 2024

A microcosm of busy operatic life during the reign of the enlightened King Stanisław August Poniatowski (r. 1764–95), Warsaw reveals complex processes and entanglements affecting dissemination of opera in the late eighteenth century. To the fun-loving city torn by whimsical contradictions, imported as well as domestic opera provided attractive and increasingly accessible urban entertainment, while also serving important utilitarian functions prescribed by local initiatives. Warsaw's participation in transnational circulations of works and performers encompasses both ideological and pragmatic factors that had far-reaching consequences not only for the city itself but also for Europe's shared cultural space.
The role of information science within the clinical translational science ecosystem
Authors: Ragon Bart , Seymour Anne , Whipple Elizabeth C. , Surkis Alisa , Haberstroh Amanda , Muilenburg Jennifer , Rethlefsen Melissa L. , Aspinall Erinn E. , Deaver Jill , Dexter Nadine , Barger Renae , Contaxis Nicole , Glenn Emily J. , Hinton Elizabeth , Kern Barbara , Little Micquel , Pickett Keith , Sevetson Erika , Tao Donghua , von Isenburg Megan , Werner Debra A. , Wheeler Terrie R. , Holmes Kristi
Published: November 2024

Academic health sciences libraries (“libraries”) offer services that span the entire research lifecycle, positioning them as natural partners in advancing clinical and translational science. Many libraries enjoy active and productive collaborations with Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program hubs and other translational initiatives like the IDeA Clinical & Translational Research Network. This article explores areas of potential partnership between libraries and Translational Science Hubs (TSH), highlighting areas where libraries can support the CTSA Program’s five functional areas outlined in the Notice of Funding Opportunity. It serves as a primer for TSH and libraries to explore potential collaborations, demonstrating how libraries can connect researchers to services and resources that support the information needs of TSH.
Nursing Services in Kahramanmaras Earthquakes in Turkiye: A Needs Analysis
Authors: Omac Sonmez Mehtap , Nazik Feyza
Published: November 2024

The injuries that occurred in earthquakes caused an accumulation in hospitals and the need for health services increased. The most needed human resource in the provision of health services in disasters is nurses. The aim of this study is to determine the scope of nursing services in earthquakes and to identify the service needs in hospitals during the February 6 earthquakes in Turkey. In this study, Delphi technique was used for needs analysis. The managers of health institutions in 11 provinces that experienced the earthquake were interviewed to determine how nursing services are carried out during earthquakes. As a result of this study, it was determined that there were inadequacies in triage, identification of earthquake victims, medical intervention and keeping records, identification of deceased earthquake victims, storage of personal belongings, communication with relatives of earthquake victims, and psychosocial support services in disasters such as earthquakes where many people were seriously injured. It has been observed that there is a need for disaster nurses and forensic nurses to work in these areas and it is thought that these 2 nursing fields should be taken into consideration in the planning of health professional resources in disasters.
The reference system in product generation engineering: structuring reference system elements for advanced systems engineering based on the system triple
Authors: Albers Albert , Kempf Christoph , Haberkern Patrick , Mandel Constantin , Kubin Alexander , Wagenmann Steffen , Rapp Simon , Behdinan Kamran
Published: November 2024

Product engineering in general and advanced systems engineering in specific are highly complex and unique processes that strive to deliver innovations – successful new products. To reduce risk and time, product engineers refer to existing (socio-)technical systems or subsystems. These references are part of the reference system. A great variety of elements can be used as reference system elements in engineering projects, but the different types of reference system elements and their roles are not yet characterized. However, this is a necessary prerequisite to model and conduct product generation engineering effectively. Here, we show how reference system elements can be categorized into three types that differ regarding their intended application in the actual engineering project. Therefore, we introduce three subsystems: reference system of objectives, reference operation system, and reference system of objects. Furthermore, we provide definitions for all subsystems to specify the allocation. We believe these results will form the basis for a continuous description and continuous engineering of consecutive and parallel product generations based on model-based systems engineering. Furthermore, the results will be the starting point for the development of design supports to assist engineers in designing their specific reference systems and to make the reference system part of efficient engineering processes.
Cross-border clientelism, commitment, and the protraction of irredentist conflicts
Authors: Jackson Christopher M.
Published: November 2024

Irredentist disputes have produced distinct political ethnoterritories under the de jure sovereignty of recognised parent states, but the de facto political authority of external national homelands. This study problematises the relationship between national homeland and claimed ethnoterritory as a nested game in which, in addition to bargaining with each other, they face internal competition, outbidding, and changing costs of conflict, ultimately reducing commitment to external-facing bargains. This study contends that homelands pursuing irredentist conflict can reduce uncertainty and increase commitment from ethnoterritories by building hegemonic cross-border clientelist pyramids that link ethnoterritorial publics’ and elites’ political survival and livelihoods to supporting homelands’ preferences. Further, these structures marginalise alternative elites who may seek to contravene preferences by escalating conflict and increasing costs on homelands or bargaining across ethnic cleavages. Case studies of protracted conflicts in Cyprus, Kosovo, and Croatia support this argument and further find that public-sector distribution linked to the homeland is most effective in reducing competition and uncertainty, thereby increasing long-term commitment to preferences.
The impact of Kahramanmaraş (2023) earthquake on adolescents: Exploring psychological impact, suicide possibility and future expectations
Authors: Kaplan Veysel , Düken Mehmet Emin , Kaya Rabia , Alkasaby Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Earthquakes and other disasters caused by natural hazards have a significant impact on the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the psychological symptoms, suicide probability, and future expectations among adolescents affected by the Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquake in Türkiye. A total of 704 individuals participated in the study. We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Brief Symptom Inventory, Suicide Probability Scale and Future Expectation Scale. The mean age of participants was 15.27 ± 1.39. Participants lost up to 10 of their relatives and up to 4 of their nuclear families due to the earthquake. The study showed a strong positive correlation between psychological symptoms and suicide probability and a strong negative correlation between psychological symptoms and future expectations among adolescents. Additionally, losing family members or relatives was associated with increased psychological problems. Earthquake-related issues such as lack of food, shelter and security, and education disruption should be addressed to mitigate the mental health impact of the disaster. Additionally, mental health and psychosocial support services should be made available for adolescents and their families in the earthquake-affected regions.
One British Archive: Family Histories at Shulbrede Priory
Authors: Sojka Thomas J.
Published: November 2024

This short article describes some of the archival materials held at Shulbrede Priory, located in West Sussex, England. This private home in Haslemere also serves as an archive containing materials related to the Ponsonby family and presents exciting research opportunities for historians of early twentieth-century Britain. The collection includes material related to the composer Hubert Parry and the diaries of Arthur and Dorothea Ponsonby. Additionally, it contains manuscript and photographic materials related to the Ponsonby's daughter, Elizabeth—particularly her involvement with the so-called Bright Young People of the 1920s and 1930s. As it remains a private home, this archive also compels us to think about the nature of family histories.
On the origin of circular rolls in rotor-stator flow
Authors: Gesla A. , Duguet Y. , Le Quéré P. , Martin Witkowski L.
Published: November 2024

Rotor-stator flows are known to exhibit instabilities in the form of circular and spiral rolls. While the spirals are known to emanate from a supercritical Hopf bifurcation, the origin of the circular rolls is still unclear. In the present work we suggest a quantitative scenario for the circular rolls as a response of the system to external forcing. We consider two types of axisymmetric forcing: bulk forcing (based on the resolvent analysis) and boundary forcing using direct numerical simulation. Using the singular value decomposition of the resolvent operator the optimal response is shown to take the form of circular rolls. The linear gain curve shows strong amplification at non-zero frequencies following a pseudo-resonance mechanism. The optimal energy gain is found to scale exponentially with the Reynolds number

$Re$

(for

$Re$

based on the rotation rate and interdisc spacing

$H$

). The results for both types of forcing are compared with former experimental works and previous numerical studies. Our findings suggest that the circular rolls observed experimentally are the effect of the high forcing gain together with the roll-like form of the leading response of the linearised operator. For high enough Reynolds number it is possible to delineate between linear and nonlinear responses. For sufficiently strong forcing amplitudes, the nonlinear response is consistent with the self-sustained states found recently for the unforced problem. The onset of such non-trivial dynamics is shown to correspond in state space to a deterministic leaky attractor, as in other subcritical wall-bounded shear flows.
Path instabilities of freely falling oblong cylinders
Authors: Bouchet G. , Dušek J.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents numerical simulations of the free fall of homogenous cylinders of length-to-diameter ratios

$2$

,

$3$

and 5 and solid-to-fluid-density ratios

$\rho _s/\rho$

going from 0 to 10 in transitional regimes. The path instabilities are shown to be due to two types of transitional states. The well-known fluttering state is a solid mode, characterised by significant oscillations of the cylinder axis due to a strong interaction between the vortex shedding in the wake and the solid degrees of freedom. Weakly oscillating, mostly irregular trajectories, are fluid modes, associated with purely fluid instabilities in the wake. The interplay of solid and fluid modes leads to a varying scenario in which the length-to-diameter and density ratios play an important role. The description is accompanied by the presentation of the identified transitional states in terms of path characteristics and vorticity structure of the wakes and by bifurcation diagrams showing the evolution of asymptotic states with increasing Galileo numbers. There appears to be a strong difference between the behaviour of cylinders of aspect ratio

$L/d=3$

and 5. A similar contrast is stated between light cylinders of density ratios

$\rho _s/\rho \le 2$

and dense cylinders of density ratios 5 and 10. Finally, the question of the scatter of values of the drag coefficient and of the frequency of oscillations raised in the literature is addressed. It is shown, that in addition to external parameters (Galileo number, density and aspect ratio) the amplitude of oscillations characterising the instability development is to be taken into account to explain this scatter. Fits of the simulation results to simple correlations are proposed. Namely that of the drag coefficient proves to be accurate (better than 1 % of accuracy) but also that of the Strouhal number (a few per cent of accuracy) may be of practical use.
Quasi-linear homogenization for large-inertia laminar transport across permeable membranes
Authors: Wittkowski K. , Ponte A. , Ledda P.G. , Zampogna G.A.
Published: November 2024

Porous membranes are thin solid structures that allow the flow to pass through their tiny openings, called pores. Flow inertia may play a significant role in several filtration flows of natural and engineering interest. Here, we develop a predictive macroscopic model to describe solvent and solute flows past thin membranes for non-negligible inertia. We leverage homogenization theory to link the solvent velocity and solute concentration to the jumps of solvent stress and solute flux across the membrane. Within this framework, the membrane acts as a boundary separating two distinct fluid regions. These jump conditions rely on several coefficients, stemming from closure problems at the microscopic pore scale. Two approximations for the advective terms of Navier–Stokes and advection–diffusion equations are introduced to include inertia in the microscopic problem. The approximate inertial terms couple the micro- and macroscopic fields. Here, this coupling is solved numerically using an iterative fixed-point procedure. We compare the resulting models against full-scale simulations, with a good agreement both in terms of averaged values across the membrane and far-field values. Eventually, we develop a strategy based on unsupervised machine learning to improve the computational efficiency of the iterative procedure. The extension of homogenization towards weak-inertia flow configurations as well as the performed data-driven approximation may find application in preliminary analyses as well as optimization procedures towards the design of filtration systems, where inertia effects can be instrumental in broadening the spectrum of permeability and selectivity properties of these filters.
Shared Demographic Characteristics Do Not Reliably Facilitate Persuasion in Interpersonal Conversations: Evidence from Eight Experiments
Authors: Broockman David E. , Kalla Joshua L. , Ottone Nicholas , Santoro Erik , Weiss Amanda
Published: November 2024

Many efforts to persuade others politically employ interpersonal conversations. A recurring question is whether the participants in such conversations are more readily persuaded by others who share their demographic characteristics. Echoing concerns that individuals have difficulties communicating across differences, research finds that individuals perceive demographically similar people as more trustworthy, suggesting shared demographics could facilitate persuasion. In a survey of practitioners and scholars, we find many share these expectations. However, dual-process theories suggest that messenger attributes are typically peripheral cues that should not influence persuasion when individuals are effortfully thinking, such as during interpersonal conversations. Supporting this view, we analyze data from eight experiments on interpersonal conversations across four topics (total N = 6, 139) and find that shared demographics (age, gender, or race) do not meaningfully increase their effects. These results are encouraging for the scalability of conversation interventions, and suggest voters can persuade each other across differences.
The Weight on Her Shoulders: Marginalization of Women Legislators in Parliaments and Substantive Representation of Women
Authors: Itzkovitch-Malka Reut , Oshri Odelia
Published: November 2024

Studies have widely documented that women's descriptive representation in parliaments enhances their substantive representation. We probe this relationship under varying levels of women's collective and individual marginality based on an original dataset documenting the parliamentary behaviour of Israeli legislators over eleven parliamentary terms (1977–2015). Using several measures of individual-level marginality we show that marginalized female legislators are more prone to engage in gender-related parliamentary activity than their less marginal counterparts, albeit only under a certain threshold of women's marginality as a group. The article elucidates the dynamic nature of the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation of disadvantaged groups by demonstrating that it is contingent on their collective standing in parliament and on the marginality of individual legislators as manifested in their strategic choices.
Structural and productive characteristics of Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. Webster in monoculture and silvopastoral system
Authors: Izidro José Lypson Pinto Simões , de Mello Alexandre Carneiro Leão , da Cunha Márcio Vieira , da Silva Valdson José , Santos Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos , Costa Suellen Brandão de Miranda , Carvalho Chrislanne Barreira de Macêdo , da Silva Vanilson Pedro , Coelho Janerson José , Pessoa Diana Valadares , de Oliveira Neto Pedro Mouzinho
Published: November 2024

This study hypothesized that the signal grass (Urochloa decumbens [Stapf] R. Webster) modifies its structural and productive characteristics under a silvopasture system with legume trees. The treatments were composed of (i) signal grass in monoculture and (ii) a silvopasture system intercropping signal grass + Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. a legume tree, over two consecutive years. The experiment was set in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Grazing was carried out by cattle with an average body weight (BW) of 186 ± 26 kg. The type of system had no significant effect on the structural and productive characteristics of signal grass. In the first grazing season, the greatest canopy height (54 cm) and total forage mass (6473 kg DM/ha) occurred in the dry period. The leaf:stem ratio was greater in the rainy season. Forage accumulation (515 kg DM/ha/28 days) and forage accumulation rate (18 kg DM/ha/day) were greater in the rainy season. Higher total forage production (4583 kg DM/ha) occurred in the first grazing season. The silvopasture with double rows spaced 25 m apart and with a tree density of 600 plants/ha did not compromise the structural and productivity characteristics of the signal grass pasture. The legume M. caesalpiniifolia has the potential for use as an arboreal component in silvopasture systems with signal grass.
Evaluation of species-specificity in barnacle waterborne settlement pheromones
Authors: Kitade Shiori , Matsumura Kiyotaka , Takefumi Yorisue
Published: November 2024

Larval settlement is an important process that drives population and community dynamics of marine invertebrates. Barnacles are frequently used to investigate settlement mechanisms of marine invertebrate larvae. Adult barnacles induce settlement of conspecific larvae nearby which ultimately facilitates copulation with neighbouring individuals. A significant factor involved in the larval induction process is the proteinaceous waterborne settlement pheromone (WSP), which is purified from adult barnacles. A previous study suggested that the concentration of WSP informs barnacle cyprid larvae about the abundance of adult barnacles in the environment nearby but it is unclear whether WSP works in a species-specific or non-species-specific manner. In this study, we conducted settlement assays using recombinant WSPs and cyprids of two congenic barnacle species, Amphibalanus amphitrite and A. improvisus, to investigate the species specificity of WSPs. We found that A. amphitrite and A. improvisus cyprids responded similarly to con-specific WSPs as to allo-specific WSP stimuli indicating that WSPs are not species-specific. Our findings suggest that cyprids approach potential settlement sites using WSPs, non-species-specific settlement pheromones, before performing a closer search of the substratum using a species-specific pheromone.
Three’s a crowd: Ternary (ing) variation in the North of England
Authors: Bailey George
Published: November 2024

Despite the attention (ing) has received in variationist literature, it is comparatively understudied in the North West of England where it holds something of a unique sociolinguistic profile. Variation in this region is between three competing forms: [ɪŋɡ] appears alongside the usual [ɪn]/[ɪŋ] variants. Based on sociolinguistic interviews with 32 speakers from this region, this study investigates whether [ɪŋɡ] replaces [ɪŋ] as the local standard or exists alongside it to fulfill a different sociolinguistic role. Results suggest that [ɪŋ] is maintained as the standard variant, and that [ɪŋɡ] occupies its own functional space as a feature of emphatic and hyper-articulate speech, appearing almost exclusively before pause. (ing) also shows no sensitivity to part of speech, despite the strength of this effect in other varieties of English. These results are discussed in the context of broader questions regarding the underlying representation of this variation, specifically its allophonic or allomorphic nature.
The effect of healthy food guidance for schools on food availability, purchasing and consumption among school children in New Zealand and Australia: an integrative review
Authors: Pillay Danika , Ali Ajmol , Wham Carol
Published: November 2024

Modifying the food environment holds promise for instilling healthier behaviours in children and may be an effective public health strategy for preventing childhood obesity and adverse health outcomes. The school food environment is a valuable setting to influence most children’s dietary behaviours from an early age, yet evidence suggests that the New Zealand and Australian school food environment is not conducive to healthy food and drink consumption. The present study aimed to investigate the level of compliance in New Zealand and Australia with government guidelines for food and drink availability within schools and the subsequent effect on food consumption and purchasing behaviours of children. A systematic review utilising three databases, PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Library, was conducted. The research covered peer-reviewed studies from both New Zealand and Australia that met predefined inclusion criteria. Fifteen studies focused on assessing food availability within schools on the basis of government guidelines, and ten studies explored food purchasing and consumption by students influenced by changes to the school food environment. Results showed low compliance with government healthy food guidelines for schools, and significant socioeconomic disparities. Western Australia’s clear targets as well as the mandatory monitoring systems in place stand out as being a significant enabler of greater compliance with government food policies. Interventions aimed at improving healthy food availability and promoting healthy options in the canteen may positively influence student purchasing and consumption habits. Strategies such as feedback models and incentivisation hold promise for promoting healthier school environments and influencing children’s food choices.
The neurophysiology of phonemic contrasts perception in L2/L3 learners: The role of acquisition setting
Authors: Kędzierska Hanna , Rataj Karolina , Balas Anna , Wrembel Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Phoneme discrimination is believed to be less accurate in non-native languages compared to native ones. What remains unclear is whether differences in pre-attentive phonological processing emerge between the first foreign language (L2) and additional ones (L3/Ln), and whether they might be influenced by the acquisition setting (formal vs. naturalistic). We conducted an event-related brain potential oddball study with native Polish learners of English (L2) and Norwegian (L3/Ln). The results revealed a graded amplitude of the mismatch negativity (MMN) effect, which was largest in L1, smaller in L2, and smallest in L3/Ln. Considering the previously obtained results for naturalistic/mixed learners with the same language combination, we believe that the acquisition setting is an important factor influencing the perception of phonemic contrasts. In the naturalistic group, no difference was observed between L1 and L2, while the instructed group exhibited more fine-grained distinctions between all tested languages.
S‐2DV: A New Reduced Model Generating Submesoscale‐Like Flows
Authors: Gowthaman Krithin , Thomas Jim
Published: November 2024

Oceanic mesoscale flows are characterized by an inverse kinetic energy cascade and the subsequent formation of large coherent vortices, and these flow features are captured well by the quasi‐geostrophic (QG) model. Oceanic submesoscale flow dynamics are however significantly different from those of mesoscales. The increase in unbalanced energy levels and the Rossby number at submesoscales results in cyclone‐anticyclone asymmetry in vorticity structures, forward kinetic energy cascades, and enhanced small‐scale dissipation. In this paper, we develop a reduced single‐equation model that can generate submesoscale‐like flows in two dimensions. We start from the two‐dimensional barotropic QG equation and add an external random vorticity field, to mimic the effect of unbalanced flow components. Thereafter, we add a vorticity‐squared term, to generate asymmetry in the vorticity structures. By varying the strength of these two terms, we observe that the model can generate submesoscale‐like flows that compare qualitatively well with realistic flows generated by complex ocean models. The reduced model is seen to be capable of generating flows that are intermittent in nature, are characterized by a forward energy flux, and are composed of small‐scale flow structures along with enhanced energy dissipation. We further demonstrate the practical utility of the model by applying it to a passive tracer dispersion and a plankton patchiness problem, these being applications that require submesoscale‐like flows. Our investigation points out that the new model could serve as a convenient platform for various applications that require submesoscale‐like flows, such as testing and developing different kinds of parameterizations.
Use and acceptability of an asthma diagnosis clinical decision support system for primary care clinicians: an observational mixed methods study
Authors: Daines Luke , Canny Anne , Donaghy Eddie , Murray Victoria , Campbell Leo , Stonham Carol , Milne Heather , Price David , Buchner Mark , Nelson Lesley , Mair Frances S. , Sheikh Aziz , Bush Andrew , McKinstry Brian , Pinnock Hilary
Published: November 2024

There is uncertainty about how best to diagnose asthma, especially in primary care where mis-diagnosis is common. To address this, we developed a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for asthma diagnosis in children and young people (aged 5-25 years). This study explored the feasibility and acceptability of the CDSS in UK primary care. We recruited general practices from England and Scotland. The CDSS was available for use during routine consultations for six months. We analysed CDSS usage and, toward the end of the study, undertook qualitative interviews with clinicians who had used the CDSS. Within the 10 practices who completed the study, the CDSS was used by 75 out of 94 clinicians. 11 clinicians from 8 practices were interviewed. The CDSS was acceptable to participants who particularly commented on the ease of use and auto-population of information from the patient record. Barriers to use included the inability to record findings directly into the patient notes and a sense that, whilst possibly useful for trainees and junior colleagues, the CDSS would not necessarily lead to a change in their own practice. The CDSS was generally well received by primary care clinicians, though participants felt it would be most useful for trainees and less experienced colleagues.
Quantum phase transition and composite excitations of antiferromagnetic spin trimer chains in a magnetic field
Authors: Cheng Jun-Qing , Ning Zhi-Yao , Wu Han-Qing , Yao Dao-Xin
Published: November 2024

Motivated by recent advancements in theoretical and experimental studies of the high-energy excitations on an antiferromagnetic trimer chain, we numerically investigate the quantum phase transition and composite dynamics in this system by applying a magnetic field. The numerical methods we used include the exact diagonalization, density matrix renormalization group, time-dependent variational principle, and cluster perturbation theory. From calculating the entanglement entropy, we have revealed the phase diagram which includes the XY-I, 1/3 magnetization plateau, XY-II, and ferromagnetic phases. Both the critical XY-I and XY-II phases are characterized by the conformal field theory with a central charge c ≃ 1. By analyzing the dynamic spin structure factor, we elucidate the distinct features of spin dynamics across different phases. In the regime with weak intertrimer interaction, we identify the intermediate-energy and high-energy modes in the XY-I and 1/3 magnetization plateau phases as internal trimer excitations, corresponding to the propagating of doublons and quartons, respectively. Notably, applying a magnetic field splits the high-energy spectrum into two branches, labeled as the upper quarton and lower quarton. Furthermore, we explore the spin dynamics of a frustrated trimerized model closely related to the quantum magnet Na2Cu3Ge4O12. In the end, we extend our discuss on the possibility of the quarton Bose-Einstein condensation in the trimer systems. Our results are expected to be further verified through the inelastic neutron scattering and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, and also provide valuable insights for exploring high-energy exotic excitations.
Finnish inventory data of underwater marine biodiversity
Authors: Forsblom Louise , Virtanen Elina A. , Arponen Heidi , Boman Rasmus , Haapamäki Jaakko , Hoikkala Joonas , Kallio Niko , Karvinen Ville-Juhani , Kaskela Anu , Keskinen Essi , Kuismanen Lauri , Kurvinen Lasse , Laine Ari O. , Lanki Maiju , Lampinen Eveliina , Lappalainen Juho , Lehtonen Pekka , Nieminen Aija , O’Brien Kevin , Riihimäki Anu , Rinne Henna , Salovius-Lauren Sonja , Takolander Antti , Weckström Karl , Viitasalo Markku
Published: November 2024

Since 2004, marine biodiversity inventory data have been systematically collected with diving, video, and benthic sampling methods in Finland. To date, this collection of data consists of more than 194 000 spatially explicit observations, covering more than 280 aquatic genera, representing mainly macroalgae, vascular plants, water mosses, and invertebrates. We describe the data collection and storage methods, data extraction from national databases, and provide potential users a curated, open-access version of the inventory data. Additionally, examples of data applications and discussion on potential limitations are provided. This extensive dataset can be used in ecological and biogeographical studies to provide general descriptions of biodiversity patterns and species distributions, as well as in more applied studies to support marine management, conservation, and sustainable use of marine areas. The sampling strategy and high spatial and taxonomic resolution allow for statistical modelling, which further increases the usability of the data in research, for instance in identifying key biodiversity areas, estimating biodiversity loss, and assessing efficiency of conservation.
Joint variation and ZhuYin dataset for Traditional Chinese document enhancement
Authors: Lo Shi-Wei , Chou Hsiu-Mei , Wu Jyh-Horng
Published: November 2024

Digital documents play a crucial role in contemporary information management. However, their quality can be significantly impacted by various factors such as hand-drawn annotations, image distortion, watermarks, stains, and degradation. Deep learning-based methods have emerged as powerful tools for document enhancement. However, their effectiveness relies heavily on the availability of high-quality training and evaluation datasets. Unfortunately, such benchmark datasets are relatively scarce, particularly in the domain of Traditional Chinese documents. We introduce a novel dataset termed “Joint Variation and ZhuYin dataset (JVZY)” to address this gap. This dataset comprises 20,000 images and 1.92 million words, encompassing various document degradation characteristics. It also includes unique phonetic symbols in Traditional Chinese, catering to the specific localization requirements. By releasing this dataset, we aim to construct a continuously evolving resource explicitly tailored to the diverse needs of Traditional Chinese document enhancement. This resource aims to facilitate the development of applications that can effectively address the challenges posed by unique phonetic symbols and varied file degradation characteristics encountered in Traditional Chinese documents.
Photoacoustic polydopamine-indocyanine green (PDA-ICG) nanoprobe for detection of senescent cells
Authors: Hartono Muhamad , Baker Andrew G. , Else Thomas R. , Evtushenko Alexander S. , Bohndiek Sarah E. , Muñoz-Espín Daniel , Fruk Ljiljana
Published: November 2024

Cellular senescence is considered an important tumour suppression mechanism in response to damage and oncogenic stress in early lesions. However, when senescent cells are not immune-cleared and persist in the tumour microenvironment, they can drive a variety of tumour-promoting activities, including cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Additionally, there is compelling evidence demonstrating a direct connection between chemo(radio)therapy-induced senescence and the development of drug resistance and cancer recurrence. Therefore, detection of senescent cells in tissues holds great promise for predicting cancer occurrence earlier, assessing tumour progression, aiding patient stratification and prognosis, and informing about the efficacy of potential senotherapies. However, effective detection of senescent cells is limited by lack of biomarkers and readout strategies suitable for in vivo clinical imaging. To this end, a nanoprobe composed of biocompatible polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticle doped with FDA-approved indocyanine green (ICG) dye, namely PDA-ICG, was designed as a contrast agent for senescence detection using photoacoustic imaging (PAI). In an in vitro model of chemotherapy-induced senescence, PDA-ICG nanoprobe showed an elevated uptake in senescent cells relative to cancer cells. In addition to its improved photostability, 2.5-fold enhancement in photoacoustic signal relative to ICG was observed. Collectively, the results indicate that the PDA-ICG nanoprobe has the potential to be used as a contrast agent for senescence detection of chemotherapy-induced senescence using PAI.
Proteasome associated function of UCH37 is evolutionarily conserved in Plasmodium parasites
Authors: Hajisadeghian Mohsen , Geiger Annie M. , Briggs Carla , Smith Cameron , Artavanis-Tsakonas Katerina
Published: November 2024

Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 37 (UCH37 also known as UCHL5) is a conserved deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) with dual roles in proteasomal degradation and chromatin remodeling in humans. Its Plasmodium falciparum ortholog, PfUCH37, is unusual in that it possesses both DUB and deneddylating activities. While PfUCH37 is enriched in proteasome preparations, its direct interaction and broader functions in Plasmodium remain unclear, particularly given the absence of the chromatin remodeling complex INO80 homologs. This study utilizes transgenic parasites and proteomics to identify PfUCH37-associating proteins. We confirm a direct interaction with the proteasome and demonstrate that the interaction mechanism is evolutionarily conserved. Notably, we discover a divergence in localization compared to the human enzyme and identify novel interacting partners, suggesting alternative functions for PfUCH37 in Plasmodium. These findings provide insights into the unique biology of this enzyme in malaria parasites, potentially opening avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions.
Comparing effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate, bioceramic putty and tannic acid in maintaining pulp vitality after experimental pulpotomy in rats
Authors: Alsherif Aya Anwar , Salah Mohamed , Helal Mai Badreldin
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), bioceramic putty (BP) and tannic acid (TA) for experimental pulpotomy. Our in-vivo experimental study involved sample of 45 rats that were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group 1 (subdivided into negative (1-A) and positive (1-B) subgroups), Group 2 (MTA treated), Group 3 (BP treated) and Group 4 (TA treated). 4 weeks post pulpotomy, specimens were analyzed histologically, immunohistochemically using dentin sialoprotein marker, and histomorphometrically by assessing the thickness of newly formed dentin bridge. Group 1-B showed pulp necrosis without hard tissue formation. Group 2 showed moderate dentin formation while group 3 presented a thick layer of calcific barrier. Group 4 showed dentin bridge formation, however, irregular pulp calcifications and radicular pulp necrosis were seen. The thickness of newly formed dentin bridge showed a significant difference between group 1-B and group 2, 3 &4. Significant difference was found between group 2&3 and group 3&4. Dentin sialoprotein immunohistochemical expression was negative in group 1-B, mild in group 2, strong in group 3 and moderate in group 4. MTA and BP proved to be effective pulpotomy agents with BP being superior. For TA, further studies are required to explain the recorded unfavorable effects in some specimens.
Intermittent theta burst stimulation over the left prefrontal cortex: no additional effect for virtual reality exposure therapy in acrophobia—a randomized trial
Authors: Cybinski L. M. , Bohmeier B. , Rolle K. , Gromer D. , Raij T. , Gundelach F. , Erhardt-Lehmann A. , Mühlberger A. , Deckert J. , Polak T. , Pauli P. , Herrmann M. J.
Published: November 2024

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health conditions. Besides psycho-pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy with an exposure-based approach is considered the gold standard. However, not all patients benefit from this approach. Here, we aimed to translate laboratory findings on enhanced fear extinction with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the clinic. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 76 participants with acrophobia received an activating intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) targeting the left posterior prefrontal cortex immediately before two virtual reality exposure therapy sessions. Phobic symptoms were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and a 6-month follow-up. Results revealed a significant reduction in phobic symptoms from baseline to post-assessment and follow-up and confirmed the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy as a treatment for specific phobias. Interestingly, no additional effect was observed for active iTBS compared to sham iTBS. Our post-hoc analyses argue for an individualized TMS application. Further research is needed to determine optimal TMS parameters and validate these results in clinical trials, accounting for methodological and inter- and intra-individual variability, as well as alternative therapeutic processes.
Electrocatalytic mechanism for overall water splitting to produce sustainable hydrogen by 2D Janus MoSH monolayer
Authors: Singh Deobrat , Singh Nisha , Sonvane Yogesh
Published: November 2024

In the present work, we investigates the potential of two dimensional (2D) Janus MoSH monolayer as an electrocatalyst for overall water splitting using first-principles calculations. Our results shows that 2D Janus MoSH monolayer exhibits excellent structural stability and electronic properties, which are essential for efficient electrocatalysis. We find that the charge transfer mechanism between Mo and S atoms plays a crucial role in the electrocatalytic activity of 2D Janus MoSH monolayer. Due to the asymmetric structure of MoSH monolayer, it has intrinsic electric field with dipole moment of 0.24 D. Moreover, we demonstrate that 2D Janus MoSH monolayer exhibits high catalytic activity for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with overpotential 0.04 V and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with overpotential 0.11 V, making it a promising candidate for overall water splitting. Our findings have significant implications for the design and optimization of 2D monolayered materials for renewable energy production. By providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of HER and OER on 2D Janus MoSH monolayer, our study paves the way for the development of efficient and sustainable electrocatalysts for water splitting. We hope that current work will be helpful in understanding the electrocatalytic mechanism of 2D Janus MoSH monolayer and its potential applications in renewable energy production.
Machine learning for accelerated prediction of lattice thermal conductivity at arbitrary temperature
Authors: Li Zihe , Li Mengke , Luo Yufeng , Cao Haibin , Liu Huijun , Fang Ying
Published: November 2024

We propose a neural network model that allows ready and accurate prediction of the lattice thermal conductivities of crystalline materials at arbitrary temperature.
Photoluminescent chain-of-dimer anion in a novel hybrid halometallate (C5H14N2)3{Sb2Br9}2: atypical behavior in one-dimensional anionic systems
Authors: Bykov Andrei V. , Shestimerova Tatiana A. , Bykov Mikhail A. , Gontcharenko Victoria E. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Metlin Mikhail T. , Taydakov Ilya V. , Grigorieva Anastasia V. , Shevelkov Andrei V.
Published: November 2024

The crystal structure of (C5H14N2)3{Sb2Br9}2 contains a one-dimensional (1D) anion best described as a chain of dimers (see figure) and exhibits two-band emission arising from self-trapped excitons and defect states, atypical for 1D anions.
Fabrication of core–shell Prussian blue analogue@ZnIn2S4 nanocubes for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution coupled with biomass furfuryl alcohol oxidation
Authors: Huang Yi-Fei , Zhang Jia-Jia , Wang Ye-Jun , Cheng Yuan-Sheng , Ling Min , Pan Pan , Liu Dongdong , Wu Fang-Hui , Wei Xian-Wen
Published: November 2024

Core–shell structured PBA@ZnIn2S4 nanocubes exhibited significantly enhanced performance for oxidizing furfural alcohol to furfural, integrated with H2 production under visible light.
Stable neodymium gallium oxide (Nd3Ga5O12 and Nd3GaO6) phases: a study on their asymmetric supercapacitor applications
Authors: Selvam Govarthini Seerangan , Kovil Pitchai Jesman Sthevan , Krishnasamy Balaji , Rajendran Ramesh , Dheivasigamani Thangaraju
Published: November 2024

Citrate–gel–matrix method-synthesized neodymium gallium oxides (Nd3Ga5O12 and Nd3GaO6) for asymmetric supercapacitor applications.
A spiro-type self-assembled hole transporting monolayer for highly efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells and modules
Authors: Zhang Xianfu , Li Botong , Zhang Shaochen , Lin Zedong , Han Mingyuan , Liu Xuepeng , Chen Jianlin , Du Weilun , Rahim Ghadari , Zhou Ying , Shi Pengju , Wang Rui , Wu Pengfei , Alshahrani Thamraa , Alqahtani Wadha , Alahmad Norah , Wang Qian , Ding Bin , Dai Songyuan , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Ding Yong
Published: November 2024

The twisted spiro-type SAM 4PA-spiro effectively suppresses molecular aggregation and ensures appropriate energy levels, providing an efficiency of 25.28 and 21.87% for the p–i–n PSCs (0.05 cm2) and modules (29.0 cm2).
Interfacial regulation via configuration screening of a disodium naphthalenedisulfonate additive enabled high-performance wide-pH Zn-based batteries
Authors: Lin Hui , Zeng Lingxing , Lin Chuyuan , Wu Junxiu , He Huibing , Huang Chengxiu , Lai Wenbin , Xiong Peixun , Xiao Fuyu , Qian Qingrong , Chen Qinghua , Lu Jun
Published: November 2024

This work uses disodium naphthalenedisulfonate as an example to examine the structure–activity relationship of additives in aqueous wide-pH zinc–metal batteries.
Oxygen vacancies boost the efficacy of MnO2 nanoparticles in catalyzing the hydrolytic degradation of organophosphate esters: implications for managing plastic additive pollution
Authors: Liang Zongsheng , Liu Keman , Li Yueyue , Liu Yaqi , Jiang Chuanjia , Zhang Tong , Chen Wei
Published: November 2024

Oxygen vacancies enhance the efficiency of α-MnO2 nanoparticles in catalyzing the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP), a model organophosphate pollutant.
Monitoring of the dissolution/precipitation behavior of bioglass with simulated body fluid buffered by HEPES
Authors: Horkavcová Diana , Sedláčková Eliška , Bezdička Petr , Lhotka Miloslav , Pánová Karolína , Helebrant Aleš
Published: November 2024

The analyses have shown that HEPES and TRIS buffers have a significant effect on the formation of hydroxyapatite on the surface of bioactive glass during the in vitro test. The behavior of the HEPES with glass is very similar to that of the TRIS.