bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STANDARDISATION OF MURUNGAI NEI: A SIDDHA FORMULATION
Authors: Anu A. , Chitra U. , Anbu N.
Published: September 2023

Murungai Nei (Moringa ghee) is a multi-herbal formulation indicated as an aphrodisiac and spermatogenic in Siddha literature. The study aims to standardise the Murungai Nei’s quality, purity, and safety through its physicochemical, microbiological, chromatographic, and biochemical parameters. Physicochemical parameters like loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, water-soluble extractive, alcohol-soluble extractive, and pH were found to be 0.03%, 0.0499%, 0.0199%, 0.07%, 0.1934%, and 18.49% respectively, which denote the purity and quality of the drug in this study. Qualitative preliminary phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of major phytochemicals: alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponin, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, diterpenes, quinones, gum, and mucilage. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting analysis of the test drug reveals the presence of seven eminent modes relevant to the presence of seven different phytocomponents within it, whose Rf values range from 0.03 to 0.24. Biochemical analysis reports the presence of carbonate, sulphides, phosphate, ferrous, and magnesium. The results obtained from all the analyses of this study provide data on the pharmacogenetic (physical, chemical, and biochemical) properties of the Siddha poly-herbal formulation Murungai Nei. In the future, these data can be utilised as references for standardising the drug Murungai Nei.
A REVIEW ON HAST AND PARVSANDHI (PALM AND PHALANGEAL JOINTS): AN AYURVEDIC AND MODERN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Shete Shweta S , Meshram Dnyaneshwar , Khanolkar Gurunath , Mhaisekar Jayashri , Madavi Kishorkumar
Published: September 2023

Ayurveda is called the science of life. It teaches us not only to deal with disease but also how to improve and maintain health. Along with modern anatomy, terms like marma, kurcha, and asthisamghat gave precise information about sharir rachana. The knowledge about the structural part of hast and parv pradesh helps the treatment. The human body is designed for grasping, precise movements and for serving as a tactile organ. There is a big area in the brain's motor cortex for muscles. Sandhi is formed by more than one bone, ligament and other structures. They are essential for locomotion and various movements of the body. There are two hundred and ten sandhi’s in body, and they play various movements. Small sandhi is called khuda sandhi. They are fifteen in number, according to Acharya Sushruta.
A REVIEW ON PADABHYANGA (FOOT MASSAGE): A UNIQUE PROCEDURE TO HEAL THE BODY AND MIND
Authors: . Karishma
Published: September 2023

Ayurveda is a science of natural healing and science of prevention and natural cure for various health conditions. It treasures beneficial information and tips to live longer and healthier. Ayurvedic daily routine helps maintain balance and harmony in our body and nature by regulating our biological clock and advocating a healthy lifestyle. These daily routines are known as “Dinacharya”, or a list of daily wellness practices. Padabhyanga (foot massage) therapy holds a special place of importance in Ayurveda due to its soothing, revitalizing, calming and balancing of various disturbances of the peripheral nervous system. It is one of the most suggested solutions for people suffering from frequent cramps, chronic fatigue, and various sleeping disorders, including insomnia. Applying the proper foot massage technique relieves the body of its ailments and restores health through our feet.
A REVIEW ON ACUTE AND SUBACUTE ORAL TOXICITY STUDIES OF SNUHI (EUPHORBIA NERIIFOLIA LINN.)
Authors: Keshavrao Deshmukh Monika , Vithalrao Nikam Ashwin , Venkatrao Pawade Uday , Pramodrao Anjankar Meghsham
Published: September 2023

(Euphorbia neriifolia Linn.) is included in Upavisha as per Ayurvedic classics, and according to modern toxicology, it is classified as irritant organic vegetable poison. It is an active ingredient of many Ayurvedic formulations like Chitrakadi taila, Jatyadi varti, Snuhi kshara etc. These formulations are widely used to treat disease conditions like Shotha (Edema), Dushivisha, Aamdosha, etc. Before administering any potential drug to humans, it is essential to evaluate its safety in animals to define safe human doses through validated scientific toxicity studies. Hence, there is a need to conduct toxicity studies of Snuhi and its phytoconstituents in various extract forms to recognise its safety from the perspective of the Globally Harmonised Classification System. In this article, a special emphasis is done on gathering details on acute and subacute oral toxicity studies of Snuhi (Euphorbia neriifolia Linn.)
OECD GUIDELINES FOR ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY STUDIES: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Rameshwar Gothe Shivani , Venkatrao Pawade Uday , Vithalrao Nikam Ashwin , Pramodrao Anjankar Meghsham
Published: September 2023

The OECD Guidelines for testing chemicals provide a unique method for assessing the potential impact of chemicals on human health and the environment. These are divided into five sections. Oral toxicity studies are mentioned in the fourth section, i.e. Health Effects. This section cites the guidelines for acute, sub-acute, sub-chronic and chronic oral toxicity studies. Acute oral toxicity refers to those adverse effects of oral administration of a single dose or multiple doses given within 24 hours. OECD guidelines for Acute oral toxicity include 420 (Fixed Dose Procedure), 423 (Acute Toxic Class Method) and 425 (Up-and-Down procedure). OECD guidelines 420, 423 and 425 provide information on the hazardous properties and allow the substance to be ranked and classified according to the Globally Harmonised System (GHS) for the classification of chemicals which cause acute toxicity. In OECD Guideline 423, the method classifies the test substance as one of a series of toxicity classes defined by fixed LD50 cut-off values, while the OECD Guideline 425 method permits estimation of LD50 with a confidence interval. Based on these guidelines, a toxic dose of the drug is obtained. This study aims to compare and highlight the acute oral toxicity guidelines.
Development of WIDARE Learning Model to Improve Students' Writing Ability
Authors: Purwati Duwi , Muharram  , Haling Abdul
Published: September 2023

This study aims to develop student's writing skills by developing the WIDARE model of textbooks, RPS, and assessment rubrics, with the stages of defining, designing, operational field trials, final product revision, and dissemination. The research sample involved 32 students, 52 teachers, and two experts. The results validating the textbook model book, lesson plan, and assessment rubric are valid categories. The practical test results were in the convenient category. The effectiveness test results were very effective in developing students' writing skills.
A Study of Digital Agricultural Resources Available Agricultural Universities Special Reference to Rajasthan, India
Authors: Rajawat Kumkum
Published: September 2023

The effectiveness of agriculture research and training programmers, which are crucial to the development of a nation's agriculture, depends heavily on convenient access to informational resources. E-Resources are more in demand these days. The library's patrons favour these materials above printed materials. Digital agricultural resources are currently widely employed because of their useful and time-saving qualities. These resources are now preferred over physical resources because of a number of alluring features, such as quick accessibility and various access.
Pedagogic Relevance of Integrating Augmented Reality in Saudi English Classrooms: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alqarni Assem
Published: September 2023

Every day is a new experience as technology in general has become an integral part of every aspect of modern life. Today, the learning environment plays an important role in influencing learning outcomes, especially after the Covid-19 pandemic. Researchers and educators have begun to discuss and test the implications of these realities for education. Currently, researchers are busy exploring pedagogic relevance of two environments: virtual and augmented reality. The field of English language learning is no exception. The author of this study intended to study importance and impact of augmented reality (AR) in learning English. Teachers' perceptions and digital skills regarding the use of AR were also investigated. Twenty (20) related studies were reviewed for this study. Selection of the articles was made according to the objectives of the study. Latest studies were mainly included, however, quite a few old studies were considered due to utmost importance. The Findings of this study are in accordance with most of the papers considered for the systematic review which indicate that the use of AR applications can be effective if appropriately employed. Teachers' perceptions of AR were found to lead to the conclusion that it improves achievement and increases student motivation and interest. However, the teachers were not very familiar with the AR environment. These findings have implications for learners, teachers, curriculum designers, and administrators seeking to integrate AR into English language teaching and learning.
Growth of Maize in Response To In-situ Green Manuring
Authors: Kumar S. Vijay , Bindu G. S. Madhu , Padmaja B. , Reddy G. Kiran , Latha P. C.
Published: September 2023

A field study was conducted at College farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design consisting of eight treatments viz., T1: In-situ green manuring (GM) of Sunhemp at 45 DAS + 0 kg N ha-1 at tasseling (T) stage, T2: GM + 10 kg N ha-1 at T, T3: GM + 20 kg N ha-1 at T, T4: GM + 30 kg N ha-1 at T, T5: GM + 40 kg N ha-1 at T, T6: GM + 50 kg N ha-1 at T, T7: GM + 60 kg N ha-1 at T, T8: Farmer’s Practice (Application of RDF without green manuring) replicated thrice on clay loam soil to evaluate the effect of in-situ green manuring on the growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area, SPAD and dry matter of rabi maize and the proportion up to which it can compensate nitrogen application at tasseling stage through in-situ green manuring at 45 DAS and variable application of nitrogen split scheduled from 10 – 60 kg ha-1 at tasseling stage besides farmers practice. The results indicated that, at 30 and 60 DAS, plant height, leaf area, SPAD and dry matter content did not vary significantly as all the treatments received equal doses of recommended nitrogen @ 60 kg ha-1 at the time of sowing and 30 DAS. However, at 90 DAS and at harvest equivalent and higher plant height, leaf area, SPAD and dry matter values obtained in the treatments involving green manuring along with the variable application of nitrogen split in 30 (T4), 40 (T5), 50 (T6) and 60 (T7) kg ha-1 at tasseling stage. Furthermore, the study concludes that at tasseling stage, the crop can be compensated with in situ green manuring up to 30 kg ha-1 meeting the nitrogen needs of the crop.
Virus Filtration
Authors: Strauss Daniel , Gudex Linda , Shirataki Hironobu
Published: September 2023

Biopharmaceutical products account for a large proportion of the recently developed medicinal drugs. Owing to their production in biological systems utilizing purified protein products from human blood plasma or recombinant production in cultured cells, biopharmaceuticals are at risk of virus contamination and, therefore, targeted virus removal steps are required in manufacturing processes for these products. Among several established methods for removing viruses, virus filtration has been widely adopted as the most reliable and robust method with effective clearance of a wide range of viruses. Here, we trace the history of the development of virus filters, describe the mechanism of virus removal, and explain the technical features of virus filters. Additionally, basic principles for using virus filters, including necessary user integrity tests and process validation are provided along with specific examples of current applications and new trends in their implementation.
Journal Club: Anti‐CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy for Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Boulougoura Afroditi , Gendelman Hannah , Surmachevska Natalya , Kyttaris Vasileios C.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Despite substantial advances in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), some patients do not respond to the current state‐of‐the art therapies. This study assessed the tolerability and efficacy of CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in a small series of seriously ill and treatment‐resistant patients with SLE.

Methods

Five patients with SLE (four female patients and one male patient) with a median age of 22 (range 18–24) years, a median disease duration of 4 (range 1–9) years, and active disease (median Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score of 16 [range 8–16]) refractory to several immunosuppressive drug treatments were enrolled in a compassionate‐use CAR‐T cell program. Autologous T cells from patients with SLE were transduced with a lentiviral anti‐CD19 CAR vector, expanded, and reinfused at a dose of 1 × 106 CAR T cells per kilogram of body weight into the patients after lymphodepletion with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide.

Results

CAR T cells expanded in vivo and led to deep depletion of B cells, improvement of clinical symptoms, and normalization of laboratory parameters, including seroconversion of anti–double‐stranded DNA antibodies. Remission of SLE according to definition of remission in SLE criteria was achieved in all five patients after 3 months, and the median Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score after 3 months was 0 (range 2). Drug‐free remission was maintained during longer follow‐up (median of 8 [range 12] months after CAR‐T cell administration) and even after the reappearance of B cells, which was observed after a mean (±SD) of 110 ± 32 days after CAR‐T cell treatment. Reappearing B cells were naive and showed non–class‐switched B cell receptors. CAR‐T cell treatment was well tolerated, with only mild cytokine release syndrome.

Conclusion

These data suggest that CD19 CAR‐T cell therapy was feasible, tolerable, and effective in this small case series of refractory SLE. Nevertheless, larger placebo‐controlled trials are warranted.
State estimation for linear time‐delay distributed parameter systems with mobile sensors
Authors: Wang Qian , Lu Zhiyi , Liu Zhijie , Wang Zi‐Peng
Published: September 2023

This study deals with the state observer design for a class of linear time‐delay distributed parameter systems (DPSs) modeled by a parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) via mobile sensors. Initially, under the assumption that the spatial domain is decomposed into multiple subdomains according to the number of mobile sensors, the estimation scheme including a state observer and the guidance of mobile sensors is proposed for the linear time‐delay DPS. Then, by using Lyapunov direct technique and the projection modification algorithm, a design of the state observer plus mobile sensor guidance laws is developed, such that the resulting state estimation error system is exponentially stable and the mobile sensor guidance can improve the transient response of state estimation error. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Aromatic‐Free Polymers Based All‐Organic Dielectrics with Breakdown Self‐Healing for High‐Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Chen Jie , Pei Zhantao , Liu Yijie , Shi Kunming , Zhu Yingke , Zhang Zhicheng , Jiang Pingkai , Huang Xingyi
Published: September 2023

High‐temperature dielectric polymers are becoming increasingly desirable for capacitive energy storage in renewable energy utilization, electrified transportation, and pulse power systems. Current dielectric polymers typically require robust aromatic molecular frameworks to ensure structural thermal stability at elevated temperatures. Nevertheless, the introduction of aromatic units compromises electrical insulation owing to pronounced π─π interactions that facilitate electron transport and eliminate the breakdown self‐healing property owing to their high carbon content. Herein, an aromatic‐free polynorborne copolymer exhibiting electrical conductivity—two orders of magnitude lower than that of state‐of‐the‐art polyetherimide—at elevated temperatures and high electric fields owing to its large bandgap (≈4.64 eV) and short hopping conduction distance (≈0.63 nm) is described. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the copolymer can effectively suppress the excitation of high‐field valence electrons. Furthermore, the incorporation of trace semiconductors results in high discharge density (3.73 J cm−3) and charge–discharge efficiency (95% at 150 °C), outperforming existing high‐temperature dielectric polymers. The excellent electrical breakdown self‐healing capability of the copolymer film at elevated temperatures further demonstrates its potential for use in dielectric capacitors capable of continuous operation under extreme conditions.
Injection‐on‐Skin Granular Adhesive for Interactive Human–Machine Interface
Authors: Kim Sumin , Jang Jaepyo , Kang Kyumin , Jin Subin , Choi Heewon , Son Donghee , Shin Mikyung
Published: September 2023

Realization of interactive human–machine interfaces (iHMI) is improved with development of soft tissue‐like strain sensors beyond hard robotic exosuits, potentially allowing cognitive behavior therapy and physical rehabilitation for patients with brain disorders. Here, this study reports on a strain‐sensitive granular adhesive inspired by the core–shell architectures of natural basil seeds for iHMI as well as human–metaverse interfacing. The granular adhesive sensor consists of easily fragmented hydropellets as a core and tissue‐adhesive catecholamine layers as a shell, satisfying great on‐skin injectability, ionic‐electrical conductivity, and sensitive resistance changes through reversible yet robust cohesion among the hydropellets. Particularly, it is found that the ionic‐electrical self‐doping of the catecholamine shell on hydrosurfaces leads to a compact ion density of the materials. Based on these physical and electrical properties of the sensor, it is demonstrated that successful iHMI integration with a robot arm in both real and virtual environments enables robotic control by finger gesture and haptic feedback. This study expresses benefits of using granular hydrogel‐based strain sensors for implementing on‐skin writable bioelectronics and their bridging into the metaverse world.
Advancements in Nanoenabled Membrane Distillation for a Sustainable Water‐Energy‐Environment Nexus
Authors: Farid Muhammad Usman , Kharraz Jehad A. , Sun Jiawei , Boey Min‐Wei , Riaz Muhammad Adil , Wong Pak Wai , Jia Mingyi , Zhang Xinning , Deka Bhaskar Jyoti , Khanzada Noman Khalid , Guo Jiaxin , An Alicia Kyoungjin
Published: September 2023

The emergence of nano innovations in membrane distillation (MD) has garnered increasing scientific interest. This enables the exploration of state‐of‐the‐art nano‐enabled MD membranes with desirable properties, which significantly improve the efficiency and reliability of the MD process and open up opportunities for achieving a sustainable water‐energy‐environment (WEE) nexus. This comprehensive review provides broad coverage and in‐depth analysis of recent innovations in nano‐enabled MD membranes, focusing on their role in achieving desirable properties, such as strong liquid‐repellence, high resistance to scaling, fouling, and wetting, as well as efficient self‐heating and self‐cleaning functionalities. The recent developments in nano‐enhanced photothermal‐catalytic applications for water‐energy co‐generation within a single MD system are also discussed. Furthermore, the bottlenecks are identified that impede the scale‐up of nanoenhanced MD membranes and a future roadmap is proposed for their sustainable commercialiation. This holistic overview is expected to inspire future research and development efforts to fully harness the potential of nano‐enabled MD membranes to achieve sustainable integration of water, energy, and the environment.
Regulating N Species in N‐Doped Carbon Electro‐Catalysts for High‐Efficiency Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in Simulated Seawater
Authors: Wang Nan , Ma Shaobo , Zhang Ruiyong , Wang Lifei , Wang Yanan , Yang Lihui , Li Jianhua , Guan Fang , Duan Jizhou , Hou Baorong
Published: September 2023

Electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an attractive and alternative route for the on‐site production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The electrochemical synthesis of H2O2 in neutral electrolyte is in early studying stage and promising in ocean‐energy application. Herein, N‐doped carbon materials (N‐Cx) with different N types are prepared through the pyrolysis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. The N‐Cx catalysts, especially N‐C800, exhibit an attracting 2e− ORR catalytic activity, corresponding to a high H2O2 selectivity (≈95%) and preferable stability in 0.5 m NaCl solution. Additionally, the N‐C800 possesses an attractive H2O2 production amount up to 631.2 mmol g−1 h−1 and high Faraday efficiency (79.8%) in H‐type cell. The remarkable 2e− ORR electrocatalytic performance of N‐Cx catalysts is associated with the N species and N content in the materials. Density functional theory calculations suggest carbon atoms adjacent to graphitic N are the main catalytic sites and exhibit a smaller activation energy, which are more responsible than those in pyridinic N and pyrrolic N doped carbon materials. Furthermore, the N‐C800 catalyst demonstrates an effective antibacterial performance for marine bacteria in simulated seawater. This work provides a new insight for electro‐generation of H2O2 in neutral electrolyte and triggers a great promise in ocean‐energy application.
Performance evaluation of the ORYZA_V3 model for rice growth and organ nitrogen content
Authors: Yu Jin , Ren Zhipeng , Li Honghu , Tan Na
Published: September 2023

The ORYZA version 3 (ORYZA_V3) model is commonly used for simulating paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth. However, few studies have investigated the performance of the ORYZA_V3 model for predicting in‐season crop growth variables, especially for the nitrogen (N) translocation process among paddy rice organs in the whole growing season, that is, from sowing to harvest stages. This study examines the prediction accuracy of seven paddy rice growth variables based on one cropping season of field experiment. The results show that (1) the ORYZA_V3 model generates accurate prediction of paddy rice leaf area index, above‐ground biomass, and yield, where root mean square errors (RMSEs) are 0.98–1.11 ha/ha, 2360.5–3028.7 kg/ha, and 492.9–515.2 kg/ha, respectively, coefficient of determination (R2) ranges from 0.76 to 1.00, and index of agreement (D‐index) ranges from 0.50 to 0.98. (2) The prediction accuracy of paddy rice leaf and stem N contents is acceptable, where RMSE ranges from 0.0017 to 0.0041 kg/kg, R2 ranges from 0.82 to 0.96, and D‐index ranges from 0.93 to 0.98. (3) The ORYZA_V3 model cannot generate accurate prediction of rice root and panicle N contents, where RMSE ranges from 0.0007 to 0.0022 kg/kg, R2 ranges from 0.01 to 0.20, and D‐index ranges from 0.17 to 0.65. The structural uncertainty in the N translocation module may be a major reason for the unacceptable crop model prediction. This study demonstrated the substantial potential of the ORYZA_V3 model for simulating and understanding paddy rice growth and organ N translocation.
Von Benzoborirenen zu Benzoborol‐basierenden 1,2‐Diiminen und antiaromatischen Boroldiiden
Authors: Liu Xiaocui , Heinz Myron , Wang Junyi , Tan Leibo , Holthausen Max C. , Ye Qing
Published: September 2023

Die Reaktion von Benzoborirenen mit einem Äquivalent Isocyanid führt zu benzolkondensierten Boreten mit einer Iminfunktion, während die Reaktion mit zwei Äquivalenten Isocyanid 2,3‐Dihydro‐2,3‐diiminoborole mit perfekter Regioselektivität ergibt. Die Isocyanid‐Doppelinsertionsprodukte stellen einen neuen Typ von 1,2‐Diiminen mit einem Benzoborol‐Rückgrat dar. Die Reduktionschemie des Benzoborol‐basierenden 1,2‐Diimins wurde untersucht. Die Reduktion mit einem und zwei Elektronen ermöglicht die Isolierung und vollständige Charakterisierung eines radikalischen Anions bzw. eines Dianions. Im Gegensatz zu gewöhnlichen Borolen, die durch die Aufnahme von zwei Elektronen aromatisch werden sollten, wird der antiaromatische Charakter des Benzoborol‐Rückgrats bei der Reduktion verstärkt und stellt somit ein seltenes Beispiel für ein antiaromatisches Borol‐Dianion dar. Detaillierte quantenchemische Berechnungen liefern eine Erklärung für die beobachtete Regioselektivität und die elektronische Struktur der reduzierten Borol‐Diimin‐Spezies.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Cylindrocyclophanes A and F and Merocyclophanes A and D
Authors: Chen Kai‐Yue , Wang Hua‐Qi , Yuan Ye , Mou Shu‐Bin , Xiang Zheng
Published: September 2023

Incorporating enzymatic reactions into natural product synthesis can significantly improve synthetic efficiency and selectivity. In contrast to the increasing applications of biocatalytic functional‐group interconversions, the use of enzymatic C−C bond formation reactions in natural product synthesis is underexplored. Herein, we report a concise and efficient approach for the synthesis of [7.7]paracyclophane natural products, a family of polyketides with diverse biological activities. By using enzymatic Friedel–Crafts alkylation, cylindrocyclophanes A and F and merocyclophanes A and D were synthesized in six to eight steps in the longest linear sequence. This study demonstrates the power of combining enzymatic reactions with contemporary synthetic methodologies and provides opportunities for the structure–activity relationship studies of [7.7]paracyclophane natural products.
Multivariate Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks with Tunable Permanent Porosities for Capture of a Mustard Gas Simulant
Authors: Yu Gao Xiang , Wang Yao , Wu Enyu , Wang Chen , Li Bin , Zhou Yaming , Chen Banglin , Li Peng
Published: September 2023

Precise synthesis of topologically predictable and discrete molecular crystals with permanent porosities remains a long‐term challenge. Here, we report the first successful synthesis of a series of 11 isoreticular multivariate hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (MTV‐HOFs) from pyrene‐based derivatives bearing −H, −CH3, −NH2 and −F groups achieved by a shape‐fitted, π–π stacking self‐assembly strategy. These MTV‐HOFs are single‐crystalline materials composed of tecton, as verified by single‐crystal diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, Raman spectra, water sorption isotherms and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These MTV‐HOFs exhibit tunable hydrophobicity with water uptake starting from 50 to 80 % relative humidity, by adjusting the combinations and ratios of functional groups. As a proof of application, the resulting MTV‐HOFs were shown to be capable of capturing a mustard gas simulant, 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) from moisture. The location of different functional groups within the pores of the MTV‐HOFs leads to a synergistic effect, which resulted in a superior CEES/H2O selectivity (up to 94 %) compared to that of the HOFs with only pure component and enhanced breakthrough performance (up to 4000 min/g) when compared to benchmark MOF materials. This work is an important advance in the synthesis of MTV‐HOFs, and provides a platform for the development of porous molecular materials for numerous applications.
Influence of rice husk ash and wollastonite on plasticizer migration in polyvinyl chloride system
Authors: Sadykova Dilyara F. , Budylin Nikita Yu. , Nikulova Uliana V. , Shapagin Aleksey V. , Gotlib Elena M.
Published: September 2023

The influence of rice hull ash and wollastonite on the migration problem of plasticizer EDOS from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been studied. The methods of optical interferometry, IR spectroscopy, viscometry, SEM and EDX were used to study the mutual solubility and diffusion mobility in the PVC‐EDOS system in the presence fillers and without them, as well as the phase structure of plasticized filled systems. It is shown that in a fully compatible PVC‐EDOS system, a diffusion mixing mechanism is observed, and the interdiffusion coefficients increase from 10−8 to 10−6 (cm2/s) with increasing plasticizer concentration. The introduction of a dispersed filler somewhat reduces the interdiffusion coefficients. The sorption of the plasticizer on the surface of the dispersed filler has been established, which leads to a decrease in the migration of EDOS from the composition. It was found that the introduction of wollastonite leads to a smaller increase in viscosity and an improvement in the technological properties of the system. And the introduction of environmentally neutral rice husk ash reduces the migration of the plasticizer and improves the stability of the composition during operation, which also has a positive effect on the environmental friendliness of this system.
Überlegungen zum Übergang vom linearen zum parabolischen Zeitgesetz der Oxydation eines Metalls zu einem Oxid mit Metalldefizit
Authors: Wagner Carl
Published: September 2023

Für den Übergang vom linearen zum parabolischen Zeitgesetz der Oxydation eines Metalls zu einem Oxid mit Metalldefizit werden Gleichungen abgeleitet. Es wird angenommen, daß im Anfangsstadium die Reaktion O2 (g) = 2O (ad) an der äußeren Oxidoberfläche zeitbestimmend ist. Die Geschwindigkeit dieser Reaktion wird als abhängig vom jeweiligen Metalldefizit δ”︁ in der Oxidoberfläche angesetzt. Falls die Geschwindigkeit der Sauerstoffdissoziation umgekehrt proportional δ”︁ ist und das Metalldefizit des Oxids im Gleichgewicht mit der Metallphase klein gegenüber dem Metalldefizit im Gleichgewicht mit der Gasphase ist, so ergibt sich in einem Übergangsgebiet das Zeitgesetz: Schichtdicke ∼ (Zeit)2/3, während Gültigkeit des linearen Zeitgesetzes erst bei sehr kleinen, physikalisch möglicherweise nicht mehr sinnvollen Schichtdicken zu erwarten ist.

Ferner werden Gleichungen zur Berechnung der Austauschgeschwindigkeit der Reaktion O2(g) = 2O(ad) aus mäßig großen Abweichungen vom parabolischen Zeitgesetz im Anfangsstadium der Oxydation eines Metalls mitgeteilt.
Adaptation of an rVSV Ebola vaccine purification process for rapid development of a viral vaccine candidate for SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Kuczynski Laura E. , Shallow James R. , Watson Matthew P. , Homsy Michael L. , Svab Thomas , Gruber Ashley , Rustandi Richard R. , Hu Jianfang , Winters Michael A.
Published: September 2023

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, long development timelines typically associated with vaccines were challenged. The urgent need for a vaccine provided a strong driver to reevaluate existing vaccine development approaches. Innovative approaches to regulatory approval were realized, including the use of platform‐based technology. In collaboration with the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA rapidly advanced an investigational SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine based on the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) platform used for the Ebola vaccine ERVEBO (rVSV∆G‐ZEBOV‐GP). An rVSV∆G‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine candidate was generated using the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein to replace the VSV G protein. The purification process development for this vaccine candidate was detailed in this paper. Areas were highlighted where the ERVEBO platform process was successfully adopted and where additional measures were needed for the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine candidate. These included: (i) endonuclease addition directly into the bioreactor prior to harvest, (ii) inclusion of a core‐shell chromatography step for improved purification, and (iii) incorporation of a terminal, sterile filtration step to eliminate the need for aseptic, closed processing. High infectious virus titers were achieved in Phase 3 clinical drug substance (>108 PFU mL−1), and process consistency was demonstrated across four large scale batches that were completed in 6 months from clone selection.
Chemical Composition and Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Mutagenic Potentials of a Propolis Sample from the Atlantic Forest of Midwest Brazil
Authors: da Silva Mirowski Patrick , da Silva Coutinho de Araújo Bueno Gabriela , Elsner Rodrigues Vitória , Fernandes Barros Thayná , da Costa Alberto Grangeiro , Yoshida Nídia Cristiane , da Rosa Guterres Zaira , Trentin Danielle Silva , Rodrigues Garcez Fernanda
Published: September 2023

Sixteen triterpenoids with various skeletal types, five phenylpropanoid derivatives, and two flavonoids were isolated from a propolis sample produced by Apis mellifera collected in the Atlantic Forest of Midwest Brazil. Among these compounds, six triterpenes, namely 3β,20R‐dihydroxylanost‐24‐en‐3‐yl‐palmitate, (23E)‐25‐methoxycycloartan‐23‐en‐3‐one, 24‐methylenecycloartenone, epi‐lupeol, epi‐α‐amyrin, and epi‐β‐amyrin are being reported for the first time in propolis, while cycloartenone, (E)‐cinnamyl benzoate, and (E)‐cinnamyl cinnamate are new findings in Brazilian propolis. The presence of cycloartane‐ and lanostane‐type triterpenoids, the latter being a class of compounds of restricted distribution in propolis worldwide, has not been reported in propolis from Midwest Brazil until now. The ethyl acetate phase obtained from the ethanol extract was effective in preventing biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus, with an inhibition rate of about 96 % at 0.5 mg.mL−1, and with quercetin isolated as one of its active constituents. In contrast, the hexane phase exhibited notable antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibiting bacterial growth by 92 % at 0.5 mg.mL−1; however, none of the triterpenoids isolated from this phase proved active against this pathogen. The ethanol extract was neither toxic nor mutagenic at the concentrations tested, as determined by the in vivo SMART assay on Drosophila melanogaster, even under conditions of high metabolic activation.
Acute abdominal pain due to atypical bilateral adrenal infarction in acute myeloid leukemia with alterations related to myelodysplasia: A case report
Authors: Hirata Risa , Tago Masaki , Yamashita Shun , Yamamoto Satsuki , Yaita Shizuka , Hirakawa Yuka , Ono Maiko , Yamashita Shu‐ichi
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can cause acute abdomen following adrenal insufficiency or adrenal infarction. Therefore, when diffusely enlarged adrenal glands and adrenal insufficiency of unknown cause are seen in a patient presenting with acute abdomen, adrenal infarction due to AML, or other hematologic diseases should be ruled out.

A 49‐year‐old man developed acute abdominal pain following adrenal insufficiency and was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with myelodysplasia‐related changes. Because AML can cause acute abdominal pain due to adrenal infarction following adrenal insufficiency, a patient with these conditions should be ruled out adrenal infarction due to AML or other hematologic diseases.
Electrochemical Approach for Advanced Flow Reactors via Additive Manufacturing of High Surface Area Ti‐6Al‐4V Anode
Authors: Reza Bilesan Mohammad , Yazdani Meghdad , Luneau Mathilde , Montserrat‐Sisó Gerard , Wickman Björn , Repo Eveliina
Published: September 2023

Electrochemical processes use expensive noble metal‐based anodes which limit industrial implementation. In this study, a noble‐metal‐free Ti‐6Al‐4V anode is introduced in an advanced flow reactor. We demonstrate that the 3D additively manufactured electrode can provide a more projected surface area and facilitate anodic reactions under controlled electrolyte conditions. Alkaline NaOH and KOH electrolytes act as anodic electrolytes that are toxic compounds‐free and enable corrosion control. Impedance and voltammetry responses to electrochemical reactions are studied. The electrochemical active surface area of the 4 rods scaffold geometry is 42 times higher than a flat plate anode. Therefore, improved charge transfer is achieved in the flow reactor incorporating the 3D Ti‐6Al‐4V electrode due to the increased surface area and wettability. The structure of almost non‐conductive passivation on a flat plate anode is changed to unstable passivation due to the 3D scaffold structure. This enables effective charge transfer of 911 mA cm−2 at higher potentials up to 5 V for 1.5 m KOH in a non‐flow condition. Furthermore, a 1 m KOH solution delays metal ion dissolution from the anode surface by acting as a corrosion‐controlling medium. 3D Ti‐6Al‐4V is likely to be an affordable alternative anode in alkaline environmentally friendly electrochemical applications.
A‐Band assembly in avian skeletal muscles observed with super‐resolution microscopy
Authors: Welchons Matthew , Wang Jushuo , Fan Yingli , Sanger Jean M. , Sanger Joseph W.
Published: September 2023

Myofibrils in vertebrate skeletal muscle are organized in aligned arrays of filaments formed from multiple protein components. Despite considerable information describing individual proteins, how they assemble de novo into mature myofibrils is still a challenge. Studies in our lab of sarcomeric protein localization during myofibril assembly led us to propose a three‐step progression: premyofibrils to nascent myofibrils, culminating in mature myofibrils. Premyofibrils, forming at the spreading edges of muscle cells, are composed of minisarcomeres containing small bands of non‐muscle myosin II filaments alternating with muscle‐specific α‐actinin Z‐Bodies attached to barbed ends of actin filaments, establishing bipolar F‐actin arrangements in sarcomeres. Assembly of nascent myofibrils occurs with addition of muscle‐specific myosin II, F‐actin, titin, and the alignment of Z‐Bodies in adjacent fibrils to form beaded Z‐Bands. Muscle‐specific myosin II filaments in nascent myofibrils appear in an overlapping arrangement when viewed with wide‐field and confocal microscopes. In mature myofibrils, non‐muscle myosin II is absent, and M‐Band proteins localize to the muscle myosin II filaments, aiding their alignment by cross‐linking them into A‐Bands. Super‐resolution microscopy (SIM and STED) revealed muscle myosin II in mini‐A‐Bands in nascent myofibrils. In contrast to previous reports that vertebrate muscle myosin thick filaments form at their final 1.6 μm lengths, mini‐A‐Bands are first detected at a length of about 0.4 μm, and gradually increase four‐fold in length to 1.6 μm in mature myofibrils. These new discoveries in avian skeletal muscle cells share a common characteristic with invertebrate muscles where some A‐Bands can grow to lengths reaching 25 μm.
Head and neck exam practices of dental professionals
Authors: Glass Sarah , Brown Vanessa , Carrico Caroline , Madurantakam Parthasarathy
Published: September 2023

Objective

Periodic examination of the head and neck includes screening for oral cancer, which is largely performed in dental offices by vigilant oral healthcare providers. The aim of this study was to assess practice patterns among Virginia dentists in performing head and neck exams and the referral rates of biopsies after completion of head and neck exams. We hypothesized that not all dentists perform head and neck exams and there is a difference between dentists who refer patients for a biopsy and those that perform biopsies.

Methods

General dentists and dental specialists who are members of the Virginia Dental Association were invited to participate in a cross‐sectional survey study through REDCap to self‐report their head and neck exam protocols.

Results

A total of 224 providers completed the survey. The majority of respondents were general dentists with more than 20 years in practice, who practice in a private setting, and see more than 10 patients in a day. All respondents stated they perform intraoral examinations, but 10 respondents stated they do not perform extraoral examinations. Nearly a third of respondents reported doing their own biopsies.

Conclusions

Although only 8.5% of oral healthcare providers in Virginia responded to our survey, respondents are following the 2017 ADA good practice statement by providing their patients with head and neck exams to screen for oral cancer. Additional education pertaining to extraoral anatomy, malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders, and pathology procedures may be helpful to clinicians.
Genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal polygenic architecture for ecologically important traits in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)
Authors: Riehl Jennifer F. L. , Cole Christopher T. , Morrow Clay J. , Barker Hilary L. , Bernhardsson Carolina , Rubert‐Nason Kennedy , Ingvarsson Pär K. , Lindroth Richard L.
Published: September 2023

Intraspecific genetic variation in foundation species such as aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) shapes their impact on forest structure and function. Identifying genes underlying ecologically important traits is key to understanding that impact. Previous studies, using single‐locus genome‐wide association (GWA) analyses to identify candidate genes, have identified fewer genes than anticipated for highly heritable quantitative traits. Mounting evidence suggests that polygenic control of quantitative traits is largely responsible for this “missing heritability” phenomenon. Our research characterized the genetic architecture of 30 ecologically important traits using a common garden of aspen through genomic and transcriptomic analyses. A multilocus association model revealed that most traits displayed a highly polygenic architecture, with most variation explained by loci with small effects (likely below the detection levels of single‐locus GWA methods). Consistent with a polygenic architecture, our single‐locus GWA analyses found only 38 significant SNPs in 22 genes across 15 traits. Next, we used differential expression analysis on a subset of aspen genets with divergent concentrations of salicinoid phenolic glycosides (key defense traits). This complementary method to traditional GWA discovered 1243 differentially expressed genes for a polygenic trait. Soft clustering analysis revealed three gene clusters (241 candidate genes) involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and regulation. Our work reveals that ecologically important traits governing higher‐order community‐ and ecosystem‐level attributes of a foundation forest tree species have complex underlying genetic structures and will require methods beyond traditional GWA analyses to unravel.
Using epigenetic clocks to investigate changes in the age structure of critically endangered Māui dolphins
Authors: Hernandez Keith M. , O'Neill Kaimyn B. , Bors Eleanor K. , Steel Debbie , Zoller Joseph A. , Constantine Rochelle , Horvath Steve , Baker C. Scott
Published: September 2023

The age of an individual is an essential demographic parameter but is difficult to estimate without long‐term monitoring or invasive sampling. Epigenetic approaches are increasingly used to age organisms, including nonmodel organisms such as cetaceans. Māui dolphins (Cephalorhynchus hectori maui) are a critically endangered subspecies endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand, and the age structure of this population is important for informing conservation. Here we present an epigenetic clock for aging Māui and Hector's dolphins (C. h. hectori) developed from methylation data using DNA from tooth aged individuals (n = 48). Based on this training data set, the optimal model required only eight methylation sites, provided an age correlation of .95, and had a median absolute age error of 1.54 years. A leave‐one‐out cross‐validation analysis with the same parameters resulted in an age correlation of .87 and median absolute age error of 2.09 years. To improve age estimation, we included previously published beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) data to develop a joint beluga/dolphin clock, resulting in a clock with comparable performance and improved estimation of older individuals. Application of the models to DNA from skin biopsy samples of living Māui dolphins revealed a shift from a median age of 8–9 years to a younger population aged 7–8 years 10 years later. These models could be applied to other dolphin species and demonstrate the ability to construct a clock even when the number of known age samples is limited, removing this impediment to estimating demographic parameters vital to the conservation of critically endangered species.
Predicting construction accidents on sites: An improved atomic search optimization algorithm approach
Authors: Liu Chaoqiong , Li Li , Qiang Yue , Zhang Shixin
Published: September 2023

Construction accidents in the construction industry cause a large amount of property damage and human casualties. Therefore, avoiding construction accidents as much as possible is a problem that engineers have been working on for a long time. Currently, few construction managers use artificial intelligence methods for construction safety management. The purpose of this article is to propose a new artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model to provide early warning for future construction and to provide reference for construction organization decision‐makers. In the proposed method, atomic search optimization algorithm is used to optimize the weights and thresholds of back propagation neural network, and the Tent chaotic mapping is used to initialize the population to increase the diversity of the population. The statistical data of production safety accidents of housing and municipal engineering in China from 2015 to 2019 are used as an example, and the prediction results of the proposed model are compared with back‐propagation neural network (BPNN) and wavelet neural network (WNN). The mean absolute error (MAE) of predicting construction accidents is 0.2225, with small fluctuations in the predicted results. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the predictions is 0.6048%. The research results indicate that IASO‐BPNN has higher prediction accuracy than standard BPNN and WNN, providing judgment methods for ensuring construction progress and decision support for construction organization decision‐makers.