bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS Analysis of Flavonoids from Leaves of Different Cultivars of Sweet Osmanthus
Authors: Wang Yiguang , Fu Jianxin , Zhang Chao , Zhao Hongbo
Published: September 2016

Osmanthus fragrans Lour. has traditionally been a popular ornamental plant in China. In this study, ethanol extracts of the leaves of four cultivar groups of O. fragrans were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). The results suggest that variation in flavonoids among O. fragrans cultivars is quantitative, rather than qualitative. Fifteen components were detected and separated, among which, the structures of 11 flavonoids and two coumarins were identified or tentatively identified. According to principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) based on the abundance of these components (expressed as rutin equivalents), 22 selected cultivars were classified into four clusters. The seven cultivars from Cluster III (‘Xiaoye Sugui’, ‘Boye Jingui’, ‘Wuyi Dangui’, ‘Yingye Dangui’, ‘Danzhuang’, ‘Foding Zhu’, and ‘Tianxiang Taige’), which are enriched in rutin and total flavonoids, and ‘Sijigui’ from Cluster II which contained the highest amounts of kaempferol glycosides and apigenin 7-O-glucoside, could be selected as potential pharmaceutical resources. However, the chemotaxonomy in this paper does not correlate with the distribution of the existing cultivar groups, demonstrating that the distribution of flavonoids in O. fragrans leaves does not provide an effective means of classification for O. fragrans cultivars based on flower color.
Parasitic Nematode Immunomodulatory Strategies: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Cooper Dustin , Eleftherianos Ioannis
Published: September 2016

More than half of the described species of the phylum Nematoda are considered parasitic, making them one of the most successful groups of parasites. Nematodes are capable of inhabiting a wide variety of niches. A vast array of vertebrate animals, insects, and plants are all identified as potential hosts for nematode parasitization. To invade these hosts successfully, parasitic nematodes must be able to protect themselves from the efficiency and potency of the host immune system. Innate immunity comprises the first wave of the host immune response, and in vertebrate animals it leads to the induction of the adaptive immune response. Nematodes have evolved elegant strategies that allow them to evade, suppress, or modulate host immune responses in order to persist and spread in the host. Nematode immunomodulation involves the secretion of molecules that are capable of suppressing various aspects of the host immune response in order to promote nematode invasion. Immunomodulatory mechanisms can be identified in parasitic nematodes infecting insects, plants, and mammals and vary greatly in the specific tactics by which the parasites modify the host immune response. Nematode-derived immunomodulatory effects have also been shown to affect, negatively or positively, the outcome of some concurrent diseases suffered by the host. Understanding nematode immunomodulatory actions will potentially reveal novel targets that will in turn lead to the development of effective means for the control of destructive nematode parasites.
Crowdsourcing Rapid Assessment of Collapsed Buildings Early after the Earthquake Based on Aerial Remote Sensing Image: A Case Study of Yushu Earthquake
Authors: Xie Shuai , Duan Jianbo , Liu Shibin , Dai Qin , Liu Wei , Ma Yong , Guo Rui , Ma Caihong
Published: September 2016

Remote sensing (RS) images play a significant role in disaster emergency response. Web2.0 changes the way data are created, making it possible for the public to participate in scientific issues. In this paper, an experiment is designed to evaluate the reliability of crowdsourcing buildings collapse assessment in the early time after an earthquake based on aerial remote sensing image. The procedure of RS data pre-processing and crowdsourcing data collection is presented. A probabilistic model including maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), Bayes’ theorem and expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm are applied to quantitatively estimate the individual error-rate and “ground truth” according to multiple participants’ assessment results. An experimental area of Yushu earthquake is provided to present the results contributed by participants. Following the results, some discussion is provided regarding accuracy and variation among participants. The features of buildings labeled as the same damage type are found highly consistent. This suggests that the building damage assessment contributed by crowdsourcing can be treated as reliable samples. This study shows potential for a rapid building collapse assessment through crowdsourcing and quantitatively inferring “ground truth” according to crowdsourcing data in the early time after the earthquake based on aerial remote sensing image.
A Guide to Fluorescent Protein FRET Pairs
Authors: Bajar Bryce , Wang Emily , Zhang Shu , Lin Michael , Chu Jun
Published: September 2016

Förster or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology and genetically encoded FRET biosensors provide a powerful tool for visualizing signaling molecules in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are most commonly used as both donor and acceptor fluorophores in FRET biosensors, especially since FPs are genetically encodable and live-cell compatible. In this review, we will provide an overview of methods to measure FRET changes in biological contexts, discuss the palette of FP FRET pairs developed and their relative strengths and weaknesses, and note important factors to consider when using FPs for FRET studies.
Pose Self-Calibration of Stereo Vision Systems for Autonomous Vehicle Applications
Authors: Musleh Basam , Martín David , Armingol José , De la Escalera Arturo
Published: September 2016

Nowadays, intelligent systems applied to vehicles have grown very rapidly; their goal is not only the improvement of safety, but also making autonomous driving possible. Many of these intelligent systems are based on making use of computer vision in order to know the environment and act accordingly. It is of great importance to be able to estimate the pose of the vision system because the measurement matching between the perception system (pixels) and the vehicle environment (meters) depends on the relative position between the perception system and the environment. A new method of camera pose estimation for stereo systems is presented in this paper, whose main contribution regarding the state of the art on the subject is the estimation of the pitch angle without being affected by the roll angle. The validation of the self-calibration method is accomplished by comparing it with relevant methods of camera pose estimation, where a synthetic sequence is used in order to measure the continuous error with a ground truth. This validation is enriched by the experimental results of the method in real traffic environments.
Fast and Robust Real-Time Estimation of Respiratory Rate from Photoplethysmography
Authors: Kim Hodam , Kim Jeong-Youn , Im Chang-Hwan
Published: September 2016

Respiratory rate (RR) is a useful vital sign that can not only provide auxiliary information on physiological changes within the human body, but also indicate early symptoms of various diseases. Recently, methods for the estimation of RR from photoplethysmography (PPG) have attracted increased interest, because PPG can be readily recorded using wearable sensors such as smart watches and smart bands. In the present study, we propose a new method for the fast and robust real-time estimation of RR using an adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) notch filter, which has not yet been applied to the PPG-based estimation of RR. In our offline simulation study, the performance of the proposed method was compared to that of recently developed RR estimation methods called an adaptive lattice-type RR estimator and a Smart Fusion. The results of the simulation study show that the proposed method could not only estimate RR more quickly and more accurately than the conventional methods, but also is most suitable for online RR monitoring systems, as it does not use any overlapping moving windows that require increased computational costs. In order to demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed method, an online RR estimation system was implemented.
A Movement-Assisted Deployment of Collaborating Autonomous Sensors for Indoor and Outdoor Environment Monitoring
Authors: Niewiadomska-Szynkiewicz Ewa , Sikora Andrzej , Marks Michał
Published: September 2016

Using mobile robots or unmanned vehicles to assist optimal wireless sensors deployment in a working space can significantly enhance the capability to investigate unknown environments. This paper addresses the issues of the application of numerical optimization and computer simulation techniques to on-line calculation of a wireless sensor network topology for monitoring and tracking purposes. We focus on the design of a self-organizing and collaborative mobile network that enables a continuous data transmission to the data sink (base station) and automatically adapts its behavior to changes in the environment to achieve a common goal. The pre-defined and self-configuring approaches to the mobile-based deployment of sensors are compared and discussed. A family of novel algorithms for the optimal placement of mobile wireless devices for permanent monitoring of indoor and outdoor dynamic environments is described. They employ a network connectivity-maintaining mobility model utilizing the concept of the virtual potential function for calculating the motion trajectories of platforms carrying sensors. Their quality and utility have been justified through simulation experiments and are discussed in the final part of the paper.
Fabrication of a Miniaturized ZnO Nanowire Accelerometer and Its Performance Tests
Authors: Kim Hyun , Song Sangho , Kim Jaehwan
Published: September 2016

This paper reports a miniaturized piezoelectric accelerometer suitable for a small haptic actuator array. The accelerometer is made with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire (NW) grown on a copper wafer by a hydrothermal process. The size of the accelerometer is 1.5 × 1.5 mm2, thus fitting the 1.8 × 1.8 mm2 haptic actuator array cell. The detailed fabrication process of the miniaturized accelerometer is illustrated. Performance evaluation of the fabricated accelerometer is conducted by comparing it with a commercial piezoelectric accelerometer. The output current of the fabricated accelerometer increases linearly with the acceleration. The miniaturized ZnO NW accelerometer is feasible for acceleration measurement of small and lightweight devices.
Did the Great Recession Downsize Immigrants and Native-Born Americans Differently? Unemployment Differentials by Nativity, Race and Gender from 2007 to 2013 in the U.S.
Authors: Wang Sharron , Sakamoto Arthur
Published: September 2016

We use data from the Current Population Survey from 2007 and 2013 to investigate demographic differentials in unemployment during the Great Recession in the U.S. Although our analysis is primarily exploratory and descriptive, our major research objective is to illuminate the unemployment differential between the foreign born and the native born. The findings indicate that during the height of the Great Recession, the foreign born had higher unemployment rates than the native born. However, this differential is statistically explained by their observed characteristics, such as race/ethnicity, gender, age and education. With the net of those variables and a few other demographic covariates, foreign born workers as an overall group actually had somewhat lower chances of being unemployed than native born workers. This finding is discussed in terms of the selectivity of immigrant workers and the possibility that they are somewhat more immediately dependent on having a job. After breaking down the foreign born into major racial/ethnic groups, the results suggest that foreign-born blacks and foreign-born Hispanics are particularly selective with the net of their observed characteristics. The possible sources of such differentials by race/ethnicity and by gender are discussed.
System Establishment and Method Application for Quantitatively Evaluating the Green Degree of the Products in Green Public Procurement
Authors: Xu Shengguo , Chu Chunli , Ju Meiting , Shao Chaofeng
Published: September 2016

The government green purchase is widely considered to be an effective means of promoting sustainable consumption. However, how to identify the greener product is the biggest obstacle of government green purchase and it has not been well solved. A quantitative evaluation method is provided to measure the green degree of different products of the same use function with an indicator system established, which includes fundamental indicators, general indicators, and leading indicators. It can clearly show the products’ green extent by rating the scores of different products, which provides the government a tool to compare the green degree of different products and select greener ones. A comprehensive evaluation case of a project purchasing 1635 desk computers in Tianjin government procurement center is conducted using the green degree evaluation system. The environmental performance of the products were assessed quantitatively, and the evaluation price, which was the bid price minus the discount (the discount rate was according to the total scores attained by their environmental performance), and the final evaluation price ranking from low to high in turn is supplier C, D, E, A, and B. The winner, supplier C, was not the lowest bid price or the best environmental performance, but it performed well at both bid price and environmental performance so it deserved the project. It shows that the green extent evaluation system can help classify the different products by evaluating their environment performance including structure and connection technology, selection of materials and marks, prolonged use, hazardous substances, energy consumption, recyclability rate, etc. and price, so that it could help to choose the greener products.
Feedback-Based Eco-Design for Integrating the Recency, Frequency, and Monetary Value of Eco-Efficiency into Sustainability Management
Authors: Chen Rui
Published: September 2016

Customer feedback is used to understand customer requirements. Early design phases require the consideration of items including manufacturing, the environment, and sustainability management. Therefore, it is crucial that eco-efficiency is taken into account in the early design phases. Traditionally, eco-efficiency is considered only in terms of eco-design issues, not customer requirements based on business values such as Recency, Frequency, and Monetary (RFM) value. In the meantime, integrating innovation from eco-design is one important aspect. Here, I propose that customer feedback-based eco-efficiency and TRIZ-based innovation can be considered in early eco-design based on the RFM value for sustainability management. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy-based AHP were integrated to explore the relative weights of RFM variables for business value evaluation. The innovative method of the paper is using a TRIZ contradiction matrix associated with engineering parameters for eco-design. The experimental study has been carried out, and it meets the forecasting business value for green product usage. The business value was used as the decision-making factor in order to evaluate both environmental and marketing performance.
L'impulsion de la langue
Authors: Raoul-Davis Michèle , Alaux Jean , Garcia Patrick
Published: September 2016

Entretien réalisé par Jean Allaux et Patrick Garcia.

Michèle Raoul-Davis collabore avec Bernard Sobel depuis 1964. Elle est, notamment, l'auteure de nombreux scénarii, de traductions et d'adaptations pour le théâtre.
Rencontre autour d'Aspasie
Authors: Rochefort Florence
Published: September 2016

Le numéro "Intellectuelles" de Clio, Histoire, Femmes et Sociétés (13/2001) a été l'occasion d'une rencontre avec Nicole Loraux qui a généreusement donné à la revue son article "Aspasie l'étrangère, l'intellectuelle". Les affinités électives entre son approche d'Apasie et la démarche du numéro sont patentes. Plus généralement, les analyses de Nicole Loraux sont un apport majeur à la réflexion sur la différence des sexes.
Inscrire les expériences du genre dans le passé
Authors: Varikas Éléni
Published: September 2016

Following the reflection of Nicole Loraux on the impossibility of writing a history of women that goes beyond their representations, I propose to explore this question as it manifests itself in the difficulty of 20th Century women's to "enter" intellectual traditions within which part of their experiences as thinking subjects remains invisible or difficult to communicate. Given women's absence from the position of the subject and the profusion of images of them, the female subject's appropriation of tradition is often problematic without a process of rememoration/ reinvention of experiences that tradition has silenced or prevented from being actualized. This approach that Virginia Woolf has theorized in her appeal to "save Mrs. Brown", and her like, from the com¬ monplaces which confine them in gender stereotypes, could constitute a source of inspiration for historians of gender. Following the example of Nicole Loraux, this would mean to integrate within the historical narrative the "blanks" of gender experiences, to work in the interstices in order to retrieve "imprisonned meanings" within canonical readings of the past.
Sur l'anachronisme contrôlé
Authors: Wahnich Sophie
Published: September 2016

L'article de Nicole Loraux en prenant au sérieux les affects politiques des historiens s'est inscrit à contre courant des années 1990 et a offert des outils fondateurs pour une re-politisation de l'histoire. Comprendre des situations passées permet alors de présenter le présent, en important du passé des questions à poser au présent, l'auteur cerne les enjeux subjectifs, politiques et épistémologique d'un tel programme en prenant appui sur ses propres travaux.
Un anachronisme-pratique
Authors: Baldner Jean-Marie
Published: September 2016

Back to Nicole Loraux "Éloge de l'anachronisme", the paper investigates practical anachronism as possibilities of history teaching. Using the class example of documentary photography, which changes photography in a mostly a-chronic medium, the paper shows how comparing photographic objects, under control, from present to past and back, may be an efficient response to institutional demand of picture analyse.
Leçons étatsuniennes
Authors: Pucci Pietro
Published: September 2016

Pietro Pucci analyse quelques aspects de l'œuvre de Nicole Loraux qui ont été accueillis avec le plus vif intérêt par les études classiques nord-américaines. En premier lieu, une profonde perception de la langue grecque et de son emploi cratylien qui l'a amenée à une lecture originale des textes, et au renouvellement de l'interprétation clés questions historiques et littéraires. Hauteur souligne en particulier l'interprétation donnée par Nicole Loraux de la position ambivalente de la femme dans le discours masculin grec : c'est en relation à cette question que Nicole Loraux élabore avec une grande souplesse et originalité la notion d'un "politique" vibrant sous le pli rabattu du non-politique ; puis il rappelle sa lecture de la tragédie à travers un retour original à Nietzsche et par la découverte de la centralité du chant du deuil sur la scène tragique.
Liens ibériques
Authors: Jufresa Montserrat
Published: September 2016

L'auteur fait le bilan des échos que reçut l'œuvre de Nicole Loraux en Espagne et des liens intellectuels qu'elle y a noués.
Unconstrained Sleep Stage Estimation Based on Respiratory Dynamics and Body Movement
Authors: Hwang Su , Lee Yu , Jeong Do , Park Kwang
Published: September 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study is to establish a sleep monitoring method that can classify sleep into four stages in an unconstrained manner using a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensor for continuous and accurate estimation of sleep stages.

Methods: The study participants consisted of 12 normal subjects and 13 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. The physiological signals of the subjects were unconstrainedly measured using the PVDF sensor during polysomnography. The respiration and body movement signals were extracted from the PVDF data. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was estimated based on the average rate and variability of the respiratory signal. Wakefulness was detected based on the body movement signal. Variability of the respira -tory rate was chosen as an indicator for slow-wave sleep (SWS) detection. Sleep was divided into four stages (wake, light, SWS, and REM) based on the detection results.

Results: The performance of the method was assessed by comparing the results with a manual scoring by a sleep physician. In an epoch-by-epoch analysis, the method classified the sleep stages with an average accuracy of 70.9 % and kappa statistics of 0.48. No significant differences were observed in the detection performance between the normal and OSA groups.

Conclusions: The developed system and methods can be applied to a home sleep monitoring system.
Improved lithium-ion battery anode capacity with a network of easily fabricated spindle-like carbon nanofibers
Authors: Liu Mengting , Xie Wenhe , Gu Lili , Qin Tianfeng , Hou Xiaoyi , He Deyan
Published: September 2016

A novel network of spindle-like carbon nanofibers was fabricated via a simplified synthesis involving electrospinning followed by preoxidation in air and postcarbonization in Ar. Not only was the as-obtained carbon network comprised of beads of spindle-like nanofibers but the cubic MnO phase and N elements were successfully anchored into the amorphous carbon matrix. When directly used as a binder-free anode for lithium-ion batteries, the network showed excellent electrochemical performance with high capacity, good rate capacity and reliable cycling stability. Under a current density of 0.2 A g−1, it delivered a high reversible capacity of 875.5 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles and 1005.5 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles with a significant coulombic efficiency of 99.5%.
The Impact of Single-Sided Deafness upon Music Appreciation
Authors: Meehan Sarah , Hough Elizabeth A. , Crundwell Gemma , Knappett Rachel , Smith Mark , Baguley David M.
Published: September 2016

Background:Many of the world’s population have hearing loss in one ear; current statistics indicate that up to 10% of the population may be affected. Although the detrimental impact of bilateral hearing loss, hearing aids, and cochlear implants upon music appreciation is
well recognized, studies on the influence of single-sided deafness (SSD) are sparse.Purpose:We sought to investigate whether a single-sided hearing loss can cause problems with music appreciation, despite normal hearing in the other ear.Research Design:A tailored questionnaire
was used to investigate music appreciation for those with SSD.Study Sample:We performed a retrospective survey of a population of 51 adults from a University Hospital Audiology Department SSD clinic. SSD was predominantly adult-onset sensorineural hearing loss, caused by a variety of
etiologies.Data Analysis:Analyses were performed to assess for statistical differences between groups, for example, comparing music appreciation before and after the onset of SSD, or before and after receiving hearing aid(s).Results:Results demonstrated that a proportion of the
population experienced significant changes to the way music sounded; music was found to sound more unnatural (75%), unpleasant (71%), and indistinct (81%) than before hearing loss. Music was reported to lack the perceptual qualities of stereo sound, and to be confounded by distortion effects
and tinnitus. Such changes manifested in an altered music appreciation, with 44% of participants listening to music less often, 71% of participants enjoying music less, and 46% of participants reporting that music played a lesser role in their lives than pre-SSD. Negative effects surrounding
social occasions with music were revealed, along with a strong preference for limiting background music. Hearing aids were not found to significantly ameliorate these effects.Conclusions:Results could be explained in part through considerations of psychoacoustic changes intrinsic to
an asymmetric hearing loss and impaired auditory scene analysis. Given the prevalence of music and its capacity to influence an individual’s well-being, results here present strong indications that the potential effects of SSD on music appreciation should be considered in a clinical
context; an investigation into relevant rehabilitation techniques may prove valuable.
A POLYTROPIC MODEL FOR SPACE AND LABORATORY PLASMAS DESCRIBED BY BI-MAXWELLIAN ELECTRON DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: Zhang Yunchao , Charles Christine , Boswell Rod
Published: September 2016

Non-local electron energy probability functions (EEPFs) are shown to have an important effect on the thermodynamic behavior of plasmas in the context of solar wind and laboratory plasmas. A conservation relation is held for electron enthalpy and plasma potential during the electron transport. For an adiabatic system governed by non-local electron dynamics, the correlation between electron temperature and density can be approximated by a polytropic relation, with different indexes demonstrated using three cases of bi-Maxwellian EEPFs. This scenario differs from a local thermodynamic equilibrium having a single polytropic index of 5/3 for adiabaticity.
FAMILIES OF PLAUSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO THE PUZZLE OF BOYAJIAN’S STAR
Authors: Wright Jason T. , Sigurd̵sson Steinn
Published: September 2016

Good explanations for the unusual light curve of Boyajian's Star have been hard to find. Recent results by Montet & Simon lend strength and plausibility to the conclusion of Schaefer that in addition to short-term dimmings, the star also experiences large, secular decreases in brightness on decadal timescales. This, combined with a lack of long-wavelength excess in the star's spectral energy distribution, strongly constrains scenarios involving circumstellar material, including hypotheses invoking a spherical cloud of artifacts. We show that the timings of the deepest dimmings appear consistent with being randomly distributed, and that the star's reddening and narrow sodium absorption is consistent with the total, long-term dimming observed. Following Montet & Simon's encouragement to generate alternative hypotheses, we attempt to circumscribe the space of possible explanations with a range of plausibilities, including: a cloud in the outer solar system, structure in the interstellar medium (ISM), natural and artificial material orbiting Boyajian's Star, an intervening object with a large disk, and variations in Boyajian's Star itself. We find the ISM and intervening disk models more plausible than the other natural models.
AB INITIO COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS OF CR7 AS AN ACTIVE BLACK HOLE
Authors: Smidt Joseph , Wiggins Brandon K. , Johnson Jarrett L.
Published: September 2016

We present the first ab initio cosmological simulations of a CR7-like object that approximately reproduce the observed line widths and strengths. In our model, CR7 is powered by a massive (

) black hole (BH), the accretion rate of which varies between ≃0.25 and ≃0.9 times the Eddington rate on timescales as short as 103 years. Our model takes into account multi-dimensional effects, X-ray feedback, secondary ionizations, and primordial chemistry. We estimate Lyα line widths by post-processing simulation output with Monte Carlo radiative transfer and calculate emissivity contributions from radiative recombination and collisional excitation. We find the luminosities in the Lyα and He ii 1640 Å lines to be

and

erg s−1, respectively, in agreement with the observed values of

and

erg s−1. We also find that the BH heats the halo and renders it unable to produce stars as required to keep the halo metal free. These results demonstrate the viability of the BH hypothesis for CR7 in a cosmological context. Assuming the BH mass and accretion rate that we find, we estimate the synchrotron luminosity of CR7 to be

erg s−1, which is sufficiently luminous to be observed in μJy observations and would discriminate this scenario from one where the luminosity is driven by Population III stars.
CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS, QUÍMICAS E BROMATOLÓGICAS DE PALMA GIGANTE (Opuntia ficus-indica) E MIÚDA (Nopalea cochenillifera) ORIUNDAS DO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA
Authors: Silva Aline Priscilla Gomes da , Souza Cassiara Camelo Eloi de , Ribeiro José Evangelista Santos , Santos Marília Cicera Gomes dos , Pontes Alline Lima de Souza , Madruga Marta Suely
Published: September 2016

A palma é originária do México e pertencente à família das cactáceas. É cultivada em muitos países e adapta-se bem aos climas áridos, semiáridos e nos solos pobres em nutrientes. Apresenta-se como uma boa fonte de mucilagem, fibras, minerais e compostos antioxidantes sendo subutilizados na alimentação humana apesar de suas propriedades. Desta forma, a caracterização desta espécie permite a preservação dos recursos naturais, propiciando o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e a promoção da saúde da população. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar as características físicas, químicas e bromatológicas dos cladódios in natura de duas espécies de palma (Opuntia fícus-indica e Nopalea cochenillifera), amplamente cultivadas na região Nordeste do Brasil. Foram analisadas as características de massa fresca, comprimento, largura, espessura e os parâmetros de coloração (Luminosidade e as coordenadas a* e b*). Os teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH, umidade, matéria seca, cinzas, cálcio, fósforo, proteína total, fibra bruta, açúcares redutores totais e lipídios totais também foram analisados. A opuntia fícus-indica destacou-se com valores superiores quanto aos teores de umidade, proteína, lipídios, sólidos solúveis, minerais e fibra bruta além de comprimento, largura e massa fresca quando comparada à variedade Nopalea cochenillifera. A palma forrageira pode ser considerada como uma boa fonte de água e minerais com baixos teores de proteína e lipídios, e mostra-se promissora como uma potencial fonte vegetal que precisa ser melhor caracterizada para uso no processamento de alimentos de forma a garantir elevação dos atributos nutricionais, tecnológicos e funcionais.
SECAGEM DA POLPA DE CAJU EM SECADOR DE LEITO DE JORRO
Authors: Santos Dyego Da Costa , Oliveira Emanuel Neto Alves de , Martins Joabis Nobre , Rocha Ana Paula Trindade
Published: September 2016

Objetivou-se secar polpa de caju em secador de leito de jorro, caracterizar físico-quimicamente os pós produzidos e avaliar o processo de secagem no secador utilizado. A polpa de caju foi adicionada de 10% de maltodextrina e submetida às secagens nas temperaturas de 50, 60 e 70 °C. Os pós produzidos foram analisados quanto ao teor de umidade, açúcares totais, acidez total titulável em ácido cítrico, pH, cinzas, atividade de água e cor, com obtenção dos  parâmetros de luminosidade (L*), e cromaticidades a* e b*. Quanto ao processo de secagem foram avaliadas a taxa de remoção do produto (rendimento), a taxa de acúmulo no secador e a taxa de evaporação do leito de jorro. Observou-se que o teor de umidade, a atividade de água e o pH reduziram significativamente com o aumento da temperatura de secagem. Houve concentração das cinzas e aumento significativo nos valores de açúcares totais e acidez total com o aumento da temperatura. A elevação da temperatura de secagem promoveu clareamento significativo nos pós. A taxa de recuperação do produto aumentou com o aumento da temperatura de secagem e a taxa de acumulo diminuiu com a temperatura. A taxa de evaporação não variou. A secagem em leito de jorro é uma boa opção para obtenção da polpa de caju em pó, com melhores resultados dos parâmetros analisados para o pó produzido a 70 °C.
ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA PARAMÉTRICA DE FATORES DE OPERAÇÃO NO PROCESSO DE FERMENTAÇÃO PARA OBTENÇÃO DE CACHAÇA
Authors: Lopes Toni Jefferson , Peixoto Carlos Roberto de Menezes , Da Silva Adriano , Pagnussatt Fernanda Arnhold , Da Costa Junior Ronan Ribeiro , Guimarães Romulo Gomes , Dos Santos Bruno Trevizan
Published: September 2016

Brazilian sugar cane spirit (cachaça) production is traditional among rural producers in Santo Antônio da Patrulha-RS-Brazil. In this work, in similar conditions used by the producers, the effect of different °Brix and nutrients concentration on sugar cane juice fermentation time and ethanol yield was tested. Sixteen experiments were executed, predicted in a statistical planning, in order to identify the effect of eight factors. The results indicate that the increase on manganese sulfate concentration and cornmeal amount, and also the zinc sulfate concentration increase in interaction effect with higher °Brix, cause increase in fermentation time. It was also observed that the ethanol yield was higher at lower °Brix and at higher triple superphosphate amount in interaction effect with higher °Brix. Ammonium sulfate and copper sulfate concentrations, and also rice bran amount had no significant influence on the process. The best parameters determined, at local conditions, to obtain the lowest fermentation time and higher ethanol yield are the following: 14°Brix, triple superphosphate 0.5 g/L, zinc sulfate 0.5 g/L, manganese sulfate 0.2 g/L, cornmeal 5 g/L. It is also indicated the maintenance of ammonium sulfate 0.5 g/L and rice bran 5 g/L.
Analisys of the nutritional composition and stability of phenolic compounds and anthocyanis of guabiju
Authors: Reis Luzia Caroline Ramos , Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi , Silva Ana Carolina Pio , Facco Elizete Maria Pesamosca
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the nutrient composition and stability of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins in guabiju, stored at room temperature at 25 °C and cooled at 7°C. The fruit had an average weight of 3.41 g, 78.79 % yield in pulp and peel, pH 4.33 and acidity 0.03 %, 9.67 % of total soluble solids, 82.85 % moisture, 4.48 % of fiber, 0.63 % protein, 0.59 % ash or mineral total, 0.31 % lipids; 219.58 mg of phenolic compounds and 0.8 mg of total anthocyanins. There were 83.75 mg of phenolic compounds and 0.29 mg of anthocyanins to guabiju juice. The phenolic compounds of the juice guabiju decreased both in storage at room temperature (25 °C), and cooling. The amount of total anthocyanins guabiju juice decreased under refrigeration, as at room temperature (25 °C) increased its quantity. The fruit guabiju deserves greater attention of producers and consumers in relation to the possible benefits that provides to the body, because with the presence of antioxidants.
Using of flour mesocarp of babassu (Orbignya sp.) in food preparation of fresh pasta noodles type
Authors: Cavalcante Neto Adeval Alexandre , Soares João Da Paixão , Pereira Cecília Teresa Muniz , Gomes Maron Stanley Silva Oliveira , Sabaa-Srur Armando Ubirajara Oliveira
Published: September 2016

The pasta is a consumed food a globally with high levels of acceptability in all social classes. As basically consisting of wheat flour is considered an energy food but low in nutrients and high glycemic index. Thus, it is vitally important that research be developed with alternative raw materials to replace partially the flour in the formulation of these products to improve their nutritional quality regarding the content of food fiber. The objective of this study was to develop technology for the production of noodles with the partial replacement of wheat flour by flour babassu mesocarp (FBM), aiming at its nutritional enrichment. Were prepared four formulations of pasta: F1: control (100% wheat flour), F2: 90% flour + 10% flour mesocarp babassu oil, F3: 85% flour + 15% flour mesocarp babassu oil, F4: 80% flour + 20% of babassu mesocarp flour. The results showed that the formulations supplemented with 10%, 15% and 20% showed higher protein content (5.36%, 5.89% and 6.31% respectively), than the control (4.16%) addition of larger amount of fibers. The formulation F3 added in 127% of this nutrient in traditional wheat pasta. It was further found that the FBM pasta supplemented with reduced loss of solids during the cooking of pasta. The pasta products prepared with FBM showed a greater nutritional potential than traditional pasta and can be used as one more nutrition alternative and income for communities who live of extraction of babassu coconut.
Fungal contamination in dried spices sold in the market of the Porto of Cuiabá-MT
Authors: De Oliveira Adriana Paiva , Arruda Gevanil Lene , De Oliveira José Carlos , Pedro Francisca Graciele Gomes , Hahn Rosane , Takahara Doracilde
Published: September 2016

Condiments are products of natural origin, with or without nutritional value, used in food in order to modify or enhance the flavor. However, these can be contaminated by bacteria and fungi during storage, transport or handling. The aim of this work was to research filamentous fungi in four of the most sold types of dehydrated spices at Port market, Cuiabá-MT: oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). For this, 200 g of each spice were acquired and, the collection was done in three periods of time, February, July and December 2014, totaling 12 samples. Fungal species were inoculated with Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol, with subsequent fungal count and ultrastructure of fungal genera. The basil and black pepper were the spices that had higher fungal count (> 100 CFU / g) and rosemary the lowest score (2.8 x 101 CFU / g). The following were isolated filamentous fungi: Absidia spp; Alternaria spp; Aspergillus spp; Cladosporium spp; Mycelia sterilia; Mucor spp; Paecylomyces spp and Penicillium spp, and the genera Aspergillus was the most frequent (n = 165/67%). The presence of different types of filamentous fungi suggests that the conditions of production, storage and manipulation in the analyzed point of sale are not appropriate, making the spices evaluated susceptible to microbiological contamination.
Development of Kefir beverages: Standardization of process parameters
Authors: Barboza Januário Jaqueline Gilmara , Marin de Lima Tailana , Camargo Portella Daiane Aparecida , Barboza Januário Caroline , Klososki Suellen Jensen , COLOMBO PIMENTEL TATIANA
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to characterize physico-chemically Kefir grains and standardize the process parameters of the beverages, in order to obtain an optimum product. Kefir grains consisted basically of water (85.61 ± 0.41%) and had an acidic pH (4.45) and low acidity (0.44 ± 0.09% lactic acid). To determine the process parameters, it was used a 23 factorial design with three replications at the central point, being evaluated the amount of grain (2-6%), amount of sugar (10-14%) and fermentation time (18-24 hours) at 25oC. The amount of sugar or grains had no influence on the pH and titratable acidity. A longer fermentation time (24 hours) resulted in products with pH and acidity within the recommended values, while fewer grains (2%) did not result in too firm beverages. The formulation with the best physicochemical and sensory characteristics had 2% grain, 10% sugar and 24 hours of fermentation, being described as creamy, slightly acidic and with intermediate sweetness.
Sensory training and characterization of fish burger formulations made with filleting byproducts of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Ramos Messias Camila , Konopka Danieli Natali , Biassi Deise Caroline , Batista Vianna Rubia , Quast Ernesto , Molardi Bainy Eduarda , Poliseli-Scopel Fábio Henrique
Published: September 2016

The objectives of the present study were to train a sensory panel and to conduct the sensory characterization of three fish burger formulations. They were made with filleting byproducts of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), for inclusion in school meals. Initially, training of the assessors was conducted using the descriptive method for five attributes of the product: fish odor, hardness, juiciness, fish flavor and condiment flavor. The assessors had good repeatability and were able to discriminate the samples.  After the training, the panelists evaluated the five attributes of the three developed formulations containing different condiments in the fish burger base formulation: C1) 0.3% oregano, C2) 0.05% basil and C3) 0.05% rosemary. This evaluation was followed by acceptance test and purchase intention. The three formulations had mild fish odor and flavor, in addition to a mild condiment flavor. Additionally, the products had good sensory acceptance and purchase intention.
Vigencia y pertinencia de los conceptos de “Reforma” y “Contrarreforma” en el pensamiento politico de los siglos XIX-XX
Authors: Luna-Fabritius Adriana
Published: September 2016

El objetivo de este volumen es revisar la vigencia y pertinencia de los conceptos de “Reforma” y “Contrarreforma” como categorías de análisis del pensamiento político católico de los siglos XVI-XIX.
Revolución, contrarrevolución... Evolución: Catolicismo y nuevas formas de legitimidad política en la España del siglo XIX. Los casos de Jaime Balmes y Juan Donoso Cortés
Authors: Acle-Kreysing Andrea
Published: September 2016

En contraste con el retrato tradicional de Balmes y Donoso Cortés como las figuras más importantes del catolicismo español en el siglo XIX, que da por sentado que persiguieron los mismos objetivos, este artículo señala diferencias cruciales entre ellos, centrándose en tres aspectos: el nexo entre catolicismo y liberalismo, la relación entre Iglesia y Estado durante la década moderada (1843-1854), y la situación de la Iglesia en Europa en el contexto de las revoluciones de 1848. Sus proyectos políticos muestran cómo el catolicismo de su época osciló entre la intransigencia y la apertura ideológica.
¿Secularización o reforma? Los orígenes religiosos del matrimonio civil en México
Authors: Mijangos y González Pablo
Published: September 2016

Apoyado en la tesis sobre la “Reforma imprevista” de Brad S. Gregory, este ensayo sostiene que la Ley mexicana del Matrimonio Civil de 1859 debe interpretarse como un esfuerzo de reforma social concebido en un marco fundamentalmente religioso –aunque eventualmente haya contribuido a la secularización de la vida social. Para demostrar este punto, el ensayo analiza el pensamiento liberal mexicano acerca de la relación entre el matrimonio, la familia y la moralidad cívica, según fue desarrollado en obras académicas, panfletos y piezas periodísticas entre 1821 y 1859. Estas fuentes muestran claramente que, para los liberales mexicanos, una de las principales fuentes del desorden social en el México republicano era la ineficaz y abusiva administración clerical del sacramento del matrimonio, la cual había provocado una disminución dramática de parejas casadas y por lo tanto una proliferación de hijos ilegítimos. Bajo esta óptica, el control civil del matrimonio era un instrumento privilegiado para llevar a cabo una reforma cristiana de la sociedad –una tarea que, desde el punto de vista liberal, sólo podía ser llevada a cabo por el Estado.
El papel de los concilios visigodos en la defensa de los intereses nobiliarios frente al rey
Authors: Pino Abad Miguel
Published: September 2016

Desde el año 633, se adoptaron una serie de mecanismos tendentes a poner a salvo a los miembros del estamento nobiliario de las continuas muestras de arbitrariedad regia que venían padeciendo. En el citado año, se reunió el Concilio IV de Toledo, en el que se estableció, de un lado, la prohibición de que los distintos monarcas se apropiaran de los bienes que, a modo de agradecimiento por los servicios prestados, habían sido donados previamente por sus predecesores en el trono. Igualmente, quedó ordenado que, en adelante, ningún monarca pudiese conocer y sentenciar como juez único aquellas causas seguidas contra los nobles y que llevaban aparejadas la pena de muerte y/o confiscación de bienes. Medidas que encontramos repetidas en sucesivos concilios, lo que demuestra que fueron sistemáticamente incumplidas, algo lógico si se tiene en consideración la permanente convulsión en que estuvo inmerso el reino visigodo.
Diccionarios bio-bibliográficos: de la antigüedad al mundo cristiano y al islámico
Authors: Ramírez del Río José
Published: September 2016

Los diccionarios bio-bibliográficos han atraído un gran interés tanto en el campo de los Estudios Clásicos como en los Medievales y en los Estudios Árabes, aunque de forma aislada unos de otros. En este artículo intentaremos mostrar las líneas de continuidad que se producen desde los trabajos de catalogación de Calímaco, en la Biblioteca de Alejandría, hasta las obras de San Jerónimo y San Isidoro y, posteriormente, hasta el mundo bizantino en los siglos VI-VIII A.D., tanto en las letras griegas como en las siríacas, desde donde pasó al Islam.
Al servicio del claustro. Análisis de los espacios de trabajo en los monasterios hispánicos (siglos XI-XIX)
Authors: García Álvarez-Busto Alejandro
Published: September 2016

Este artículo tiene como objetivo fundamental el análisis de las comunidades claustrales desde el punto de vista de los espacios de trabajo y las infraestructuras existentes en el edificio monástico, y de cómo condicionaron la vida de los monjes y de los trabajadores seglares que integraban la familia monástica. Pretende además incorporar a esta línea de investigación las aportaciones de la arqueología de las últimas décadas, sirviendo de revisión del estado de la cuestión para la Península Ibérica durante la época medieval y moderna. El resultado es una visión del monasterio como un complejo en el que alrededor de la clausura, el ámbito de los monjes, se extiende un espacio laboral y productivo atendido en buena medida por los laicos que se encontraban al servicio del claustro.
Ordre et désordre pendant les enterrements de la Miséricorde de Braga à l’Époque Moderne
Authors: Lobo de Araújo Maria Marta
Published: September 2016

El presente trabajo pretender analizar las relaciones de la Misericordia de Braga, en lo que atañe a la celebración de los entierros, con las restantes cofradías, el cabildo catedralicio, las iglesias parroquiales y la orden tercera de la ciudad, a lo largo de la Edad Moderna.
En un universo poblado por centenares de cofradías, los entierros causaban desórdenes, alimentaban conflictos y daban origen a momentos de gran tensión entre las diferentes asociaciones religiosas de la ciudad, de entre la que destaca la Misericordia, la hermandad más poderosa de la ciudad en la Edad Moderna.

[fr] Ce travail prétend analyser les relations entre la Miséricorde de Braga et les autres confréries de la ville, le chapitre, les églises paroissiales et le tiers-ordre tout au long de l’Époque Moderne, lors des enterrements. Dans un univers peuplé par des centaines de confréries, les enterrements étaient des occasions de désordres, entretenaient des conflits et étaient à l’origine des moments de grande tension entre les plusieurs centaines de confréries qui existaient dans la ville, parmi lesquelles ressortissait la Miséricorde qui, à l’Époque Moderne, était la confrérie la plus puissante de la ville.
El confesor regio Fray Luis Aliaga y la controversia Inmaculista
Authors: Callado Estela Emilio
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo analiza la participación del dominico aragonés fray Luis Aliaga (Zaragoza, 1565-† Zaragoza, 1626) , último confesor de Felipe III e Inquisidor general de la Monarquía Hispánica desde 1619, en una de las controversias teológicas más candentes a lo largo del siglo XVII: la Inmaculada Concepción de la Virgen María.