bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benefícios do aleitamento materno exclusivo até sexto mês de vida
Authors: Caldas Tailanne Araújo , Azevedo Marcel Vinícius Cunha , Torres Ruth Cristini , Teles Weber de Santana , Silva Max Cruz da , Barros Ângela Maria Melo Sá , Silva Maria Hozana Santos , Morais André Luiz de Jesus , Santos Junior Paulo Celso Curvelo , Carvalho Isabelle Borges Primo de
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar na literatura existente os benefícios do aleitamento materno exclusivo até o sexto mês de vida. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, baseada em artigos por meio da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), através das bases de dados eletrônicas: Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), com o ano de publicação entre 2013 e 2018. Resultados: a busca nas bases de dados consultadas resultou em 82 artigos, porém definiu-se 18 para análise. Assim, após análise dos estudos, foram definidas três categorias para a discussão dos resultados: Benefícios do Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo até o sexto mês de vida, Fatores que levam ao desmame precoce do Aleitamento Materno e Ações desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros na promoção do aleitamento materno. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que o aleitamento materno é um alimento completo e insubstituível, refletindo diretamente na qualidade de vida da mãe e do lactante.  E, que a enfermagem é fundamental no incentivo a essa prática.
Uso do laser de baixa potência no tratamento de lesões bucais em pacientes com doenças neurológicas: Relato de caso
Authors: Barros Brenna Fernanda Melo , Costa Cayara Mattos , Mattos Graça Maria Lopes , Corrêa Natalia de Castro , Casanovas Rosana Costa
Published: June 2021

A Terapia de Fotobiomodulação com o Laser de Baixa Potência tem sido utilizada tanto na prevenção quanto no tratamento de lesões bucais. Objetivo: relatar um caso sobre o tratamento de lesão bucal traumática com a terapia de fotobiomodulação. Metodologia: Partindo da permissão por meio do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) em partilhar as imagens para devido fim, o presente estudo trata de um relato de caso de cunho analítico descritivo. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 43 anos, proveniente de hospital em São Luís, foi diagnosticado com novo Acidente Vascular Cerebral isquêmico (AVCi). Durante internação evoluiu de tubo orotraqueal para traqueostomia, realizando autofagia do lábio inferior como consequência da falta de coordenação dos movimentos musculares e potencializados durante manipulação. Ao exame físico odontológico, os dentes 11 e 12 estavam vestibularizados, com lesão em lábio inferior extensa; foi utilizada a cânula de Guedel e prescrito Triancinolona Acetonida como terapia. Após avaliação odontológica, o plano terapêutico constituiu-se de remoção imediata de cânula, otimização da analgesia, confecção de placa oclusal, desgaste de faces incisais de dentes 11 e 12, suspensão da Triancinolona, higienização da área e aplicação de laser de baixa potência com comprimento de onda de 660 nm, potência de 100 mW, tempo 20 segundos, energia 2J, em 3 sessões. Resultado: Observou-se a regressão da lesão após 24 horas da aplicação do laser. Manteve-se o uso de placa e acompanhamento após alta da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Conclusão: O uso da terapia de fotobiomodulação mostrou-se uma ferramenta eficaz na cicatrização de lesão bucal traumática.
Acidentes de trabalho graves envolvendo membros superiores: Uma análise no contexto da crise brasileira
Authors: Rosa-Júnior Alberto Pinto da , Félix Thallys Rodrigues , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Herval Álex Moreira , Sampaio Antônio Carlos Freire
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A crise econômica brasileira vivenciada na segunda década do século XXI exigiu transformações no mercado de trabalho, virtude do desemprego. Objetivo: Analisar os acidentes graves de trabalho ocorridos entre trabalhadores com e sem vínculo empregatício. Metodologia: Estudo observacional transversal de base documental e retrospectiva com dados da Ficha de Notificação de Acidente de Trabalho Grave, que informaram acidentes graves envolvendo membros superiores nos anos de 2016 a 2017. Os dados foram analisados por meio do Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Foram analisadas 370 fichas de notificação compulsória. Observou-se uma alta prevalência dos acidentes graves entre homens da construção civil e marcenaria. Foi observada também uma maior prevalência de trabalhadores sem vínculo empregatício, os quais afirmaram ter menor dificuldade em operar o equipamento causador do acidente, mas participaram menos de atividades de treinamento e uso de equipamento de proteção individual. Conclusão: O momento de crise econômica e, consequentemente no emprego, tem gerado um crescimento de trabalhadores sem vínculo, os quais são mais expostos aos acidentes graves de trabalho. Esse grupo de trabalhadores demandará mais atuação dos serviços públicos para desenvolver ações de treinamento e incentivo ao uso de proteção no trabalho.
Pendampingan Sosial Masyarakat Kokoda Tentang Makna â€œTorang Basodaraâ€ Antar Etnis Di Kota Sorong Dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Multikulturalisme
Authors: Arsyad Yuliana , Wahid Bustamin , Saeni Agil
Published: June 2021

Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah ceramah bervariasi dan dialog. Sasaran dari kegiatan ini adalah masyarakat Kokoda yang bermukim di Jalan Viktori Km 9 Sorong, Papua Barat. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah pencerahan tentang makna â€œtorang basodaraâ€ antar suku di Papua Barat, harus ada kegiatan pendampingan yang harus dilakukan berulang kali melalui penataan kesadaran dan pola pikir generasi muda. di suku Kokoda. Hal menarik yang penulis temukan dalam kegiatan ini adalah tradisi â€œgelar tikarâ€ sebagai cerita tradisional, menjadi wadah yang baik untuk membahas segala permasalahan yang muncul dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Mechanism for the marked increase of Ulva prolifera in the south Yellow Sea: role of light intensity, nitrogen, phosphorus, and co-limitations
Authors: Wang C , Chen C , Su R , Luo Z , Mao L , Zhang Y
Published: June 2021

An understanding of regulating factors and early warning of Ulva prolifera biomass increase may reduce harm or prevent bloom disasters in the Yellow Sea. We investigated the minimum nutrient concentration and light-limiting depth (Zlim) for the growth of floating U. prolifera thalli. Bioavailable dissolved nitrogen (BDN) concentrations in most parts of the study area were almost always higher than the minimum N concentrations required for the growth of floating thalli, indicating no N limitation for the growth of floating thalli. However, the minimum N concentration required for the development of germlings into thalli was higher than BDN in the majority of the area north of 35°N. This indicated that germlings floating out of Subei Shoal were unable to grow into thalli because of N limitation. The minimum P concentration required for germling development was higher than the total dissolved P north of 35°N. This suggested that P limitation occurred for germlings floating out of Subei Shoal. The Zlim for the floating thalli was <0.1 m in most parts of Subei Shoal, which explained why the rapid growth of floating thalli only occurred when they floated out from the Subei Shoal. A grid pattern with the phased multiple increase in biomass per day was designed to predict the possible accumulated multiple increase in biomass (AcMp) when U. prolifera drifted northward following different trajectories. The predicted AcMp values in 2017, 2010, and 2009 were close to the ratio of the coverage area from remote sensing data. Such a grid pattern facilitates quick decisions in disaster prevention and reduction.
Heterotypic Tumor Spheroids in Agitation-Based Cultures: A Scaffold-Free Cell Model That Sustains Long-Term Survival of Endothelial Cells
Authors: Franchi-Mendes Teresa , Lopes Nuno , Brito Catarina
Published: June 2021

Endothelial cells (ECs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment, playing key roles in tumor development and progression that span from angiogenesis to immune regulation and drug resistance. Heterotypic tumor spheroids are one of the most widely used in vitro tumor microenvironment models, presenting improved recapitulation of tumor microenvironments compared to 2D cultures, in a simple and low-cost setup. Heterotypic tumor spheroid models incorporating endothelial cells have been proposed but present multiple limitations, such as the short culture duration typically obtained, the use of animal-derived matrices, and poor reproducibility; the diversity of culture conditions employed hinders comparison between studies and standardization of relevant culture parameters. Herein, we developed long-term cultures of triple heterotypic spheroids composed of the HCC1954 tumor cell line, human fibroblasts, and ECs. We explored culture parameters potentially relevant for EC maintenance, such as tumor cell line, seeding cell number, cell ratio, and agitation vs. static culture. In HCC1954-based spheroids, we observed maintenance of viable EC for up to 1 month of culture in agitation, with retention of the identity markers CD31 and von Willebrand factor. At the optimized tumor cell:fibroblast:EC ratio of 1:3:10, HCC1954-based spheroids had a higher EC area/total spheroid area at 1 month of culture than the other cell ratios tested. EC maintenance was tumor cell line-dependent, and in HCC1954-based spheroids it was also dependent on the presence of fibroblasts and agitation. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) supplementation was not required for maintenance of EC, as the factor was endogenously produced. ECs co-localized with fibroblasts, which accumulated preferentially in the core of the spheroids and secreted EC-relevant extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen I and IV. This simple model setup does not rely on artificial or animal-derived scaffolds and can serve as a useful tool to explore the culture parameters influencing heterotypic spheroids, contributing to model standardization, as well as to explore molecular cross talk of ECs within the tumor microenvironment, and potentially its effects on drug response.
β-Glucosidase and β-Galactosidase-Mediated Transglycosylation of Steviol Glycosides Utilizing Industrial Byproducts
Authors: Zerva Anastasia , Chorozian Koar , Kritikou Anastasia S. , Thomaidis Nikolaos S. , Topakas Evangelos
Published: June 2021

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a plant cultivated worldwide due to its use as a sweetener. The sweet taste of stevia is attributed to its numerous steviol glycosides, however, their use is still limited, due to their bitter aftertaste. The transglycosylation of steviol glycosides, aiming at the improvement of their taste, has been reported for many enzymes, however, glycosyl hydrolases are not extensively studied in this respect. In the present study, a β-glucosidase, MtBgl3a, and a β-galactosidase, TtbGal1, have been applied in the transglycosylation of two steviol glycosides, stevioside and rebaudioside A. The maximum conversion yields were 34.6 and 33.1% for stevioside, while 25.6 and 37.6% were obtained for rebaudioside A conversion by MtBgl3a and TtbGal1, respectively. Low-cost industrial byproducts were employed as sugar donors, such as cellulose hydrolyzate and acid whey for TtbGal1- and MtBgl3a- mediated bioconversion, respectively. LC-HRMS analysis identified the formation of mono- and di- glycosylated products from stevioside and rebaudioside A. Overall, the results of the present work indicate that both biocatalysts can be exploited for the design of a cost-effective process for the modification of steviol glycosides.
Educational Theory-Integrated Construction Industry Training: State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Jadallah Hazem , Friedland Carol J. , Nahmens Isabelina , Pecquet Charles , Berryman Charles , Zhu Yimin
Published: June 2021

Workforce training is needed throughout the construction industry to create and maintain competent workers; unfortunately, most construction training and education research focuses on university student education. Integrating education science theory into construction training has the potential to improve industry training, but the status of this integration has not been well articulated. To address this gap, this article undertakes a state-of-the-art review of education theory–integrated construction training for current industry professionals. To measure the extent of educational theory integration, this article identifies and summarizes studies that meet inclusion criteria, identifies the frequency of occurrence of Bloom’s Taxonomy verbs as a measure of student learning outcomes, and identifies and compares commonly used words within the identified construction training literature and foundational educational theory literature. This article presents a systematic review of published construction workforce training studies that have incorporated educational theory in the design and implementation of the training. The results reveal that, of the 15 construction training studies that met the inclusion criteria, two-thirds (2/3) focused on worker safety and only three studies (20%) targeted managers or designers. Fewer than 35% of terms that were identified as frequently used terms in the published construction training studies were categorized as educational. The results of this study provide a baseline of education theory–integrated construction training research, from which gaps and best practices can be identified and implemented to improve construction industry training.
Coupling of Cell Surface Biotinylation and SILAC-Based Quantitative Proteomics Identified Myoferlin as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Metastasis
Authors: Li Maoyu , Peng Fang , Wang Guoqiang , Liang Xujun , Shao Meiying , Chen Zhuchu , Chen Yongheng
Published: June 2021

Distant metastasis is a major cause of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Cell surface proteins represent attractive targets for cancer diagnosis or therapy. However, the cell surface proteins associated with NPC metastasis are poorly understood. To identify potential therapeutic targets for NPC metastasis, we isolated cell surface proteins from two isogenic NPC cell lines, 6-10B (low metastatic) and 5-8F (highly metastatic), through cell surface biotinylation. Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) based proteomics was applied to comprehensively characterize the cell surface proteins related with the metastatic phenotype. We identified 294 differentially expressed cell surface proteins, including the most upregulated protein myoferlin (MYOF), two receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2) and several integrin family molecules. These differentially expressed proteins are enriched in multiple biological pathways such as the FAK-PI3K-mTOR pathway, focal adhesions, and integrin-mediated cell adhesion. The knockdown of MYOF effectively suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells. Immunohistochemistry analysis also showed that MYOF is associated with NPC metastasis. We experimentally confirmed, for the first time, that MYOF can interact with EGFR and EPHA2. Moreover, MYOF knockdown could influence not only EGFR activity and its downstream epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), but also EPHA2 ligand-independent activity. These findings suggest that MYOF might be an attractive potential therapeutic target that has double effects of simultaneously influencing EGFR and EPHA2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, this is the first study to profile the cell surface proteins associated with NPC metastasis and provide valuable resource for future researches.
Cell Death and Exosomes Regulation After Myocardial Infarction and Ischemia-Reperfusion
Authors: Wu Xun , Iroegbu Chukwuemeka Daniel , Peng Jun , Guo Jianjun , Yang Jinfu , Fan Chengming
Published: June 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the global population, accounting for about one-third of all deaths each year. Notably, with CVDs, myocardial damages result from myocardial infarction (MI) or cardiac arrhythmias caused by interrupted blood flow. Significantly, in the process of MI or myocardial ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury, both regulated and non-regulated cell death methods are involved. The critical factor for patients’ prognosis is the infarct area’s size, which determines the myocardial cells’ survival. Cell therapy for MI has been a research hotspot in recent years; however, exosomes secreted by cells have attracted much attention following shortcomings concerning immunogens. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles containing several biologically active substances such as lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. New evidence suggests that exosomes play a crucial role in regulating cell death after MI as exosomes of various stem cells can participate in the cell damage process after MI. Hence, in the review herein, we focused on introducing various cell-derived exosomes to reduce cell death after MI by regulating the cell death pathway to understand myocardial repair mechanisms better and provide a reference for clinical treatment.
Sex-Specific Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Myocardial Infarction With Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries
Authors: Gao Side , Ma Wenjian , Huang Sizhuang , Lin Xuze , Yu Mengyue
Published: June 2021

Background: Sex differences in clinical profiles and prognosis after acute myocardial infarction have been addressed for decades. However, the sex-based disparities among patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) remain largely unreported. Here, we investigated sex-specific characteristics and long-term outcomes in MINOCA population.

Methods: A total of 1,179 MINOCA patients were enrolled, including 867 men and 312 women. The mean follow-up was 41.7 months. The primary endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause death, non-fatal reinfarction, revascularization, non-fatal stroke, and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. Baseline data and outcomes were compared. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analyses were used to identify association between sex and prognosis.

Results: Female patients with MINOCA had more risk profiles with regard to older age and higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes compared with men. The evidence-based medical treatment was similar in men and women. The incidence of MACE (men vs. women: 13.8 vs. 15.3%, p = 0.504) did not differ significantly between the sexes. The Kaplan-Meier analysis also indicated that women had a similar incidence of MACE compared to men (log rank p = 0.385). After multivariate adjustment, female sex was not associated with the risk of MACE in overall (adjusted hazard ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.72–1.44, p = 0.916) and in subgroups of MINOCA patients.

Conclusion: The long-term outcomes were similar for men and women presenting with MINOCA despite older age and more comorbidities in women. Future research should aim to improve in-hospital and post-discharge care for both sexes with MINOCA.
Increasing STEM Transfer Readiness Among Underrepresented Minoritized Two-Year College Students: Examining Course-Taking Patterns, Experiences, and Interventions
Authors: Sansing-Helton Bethany , Coover Gail , Benton Charles E.
Published: June 2021

There is a strong need in the United States to increase the size and diversity of the domestic workforce trained in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). With almost half of all students that earn a baccalaureate degree enrolling in a 2-year public college at some point, the nation’s 2-year colleges provide great promise for improving the capacity of the STEM workforce for innovation and global competition while addressing the nation’s need for more equity between groups that have been historically included and those that have been economically and politically disenfranchized. Almost half of underrepresented minoritized (URM) students begin their post-secondary education at 2-year colleges yet their transfer rates within 5 years are only 16%. This study describes interventions put in place at a 2-year college to support increased transfer rates and STEM transfer readiness for URM STEM-interested students. The program studied, in place from 2017 through 2020, had an overall transfer rate of 45%. Analysis of administrative, transcript, and student survey data connects the program interventions to the existing research on STEM momentum and other research on URM STEM transfer success. Ultimately, this study identifies potential leading indicators of transfer readiness, providing much needed documentation and guidance on the efficacy and limitations of interventions to improve upward STEM transfer.
Experimental Study of Pressure Loss in a 5 × 5–Rod Bundle With the Mixing Vane Spacer Grid
Authors: Qu Wenhai , Yao Weiyi , Xiong Jinbiao , Cheng Xu
Published: June 2021

Axial and lateral pressure loss in a 5 × 5 rod–bundle with a split-type mixing vane spacer grid was experimentally measured using differential pressure transmitters at different sub-channel Reynolds numbers (Re) and orienting angles. The geometrical parameters of the 5 × 5–rod bundle are as follows: they have the same diameter (D = 9.5 mm) and pitch (p = 12.6 mm) as those of real fuel rods of a typical pressurized water reactor (PWR), with a sub-channel hydraulic diameter (Dh) of 11.78 mm. The characteristics and resistance models of pressure loss are discussed. The main axial pressure loss is caused by the spacer grid, and the spacer grid generates additional wall friction pressure loss downstream of the spacer grid. The lateral pressure loss shows strong correlations with orienting angles and distance from the spacer grid. The lateral pressure loss shows a sudden burst in the mixing vanes region and a slight augmentation at z = 3Dh. After 3Dh, the lateral pressure loss decays in an exponential way with distance from the spacer grid, and it becomes constant quickly at z = 20Dh.
Behind the Reasons: The Relationship Between Adolescent and Young Adult Mental Health Risk Factors and Exposure to Season One of Netflix’s 13 Reasons Why
Authors: Evans Jabari Miles , Lauricella Alexis R. , Cingel Drew P. , Cino Davide , Wartella Ellen Ann
Published: June 2021

With increasing media choice, particularly through the rise of streaming services, it has become more important for empirical research to examine how youth decide which programs to view, particularly when the content focuses on difficult health topics such as suicide. The present study investigated why adolescents and young adults chose to view or not view season 1 of 13 Reasons Why and how individual-level variables related to adolescents’ and young adults’ viewing. Using survey data gathered from a sample of 1,100 adolescents and young adult viewers and non-viewers of the series in the United States, we examined how participants’ resilience, loneliness, and social anxiety related to whether participants viewed the first season or not. Our descriptive results indicate that adolescents who watched the show reported that it accurately depicted the social realities of their age group, they watched it because friends recommended it, and they found the subject matter to be interesting. Non-viewers reported that they chose not to view the show because the nature of the content was upsetting to them. In addition, results demonstrated that participants’ social anxiety and resilience related to participants’ viewing decisions, such that those with higher social anxiety and higher resilience were more likely to report watching season 1. Together, these data suggest that youth make intentional decisions about mental health-related media use in an attempt to choose content that is a good fit for based on individual characteristics.
Separate Feeding Between the Pelagic Stage of the Squat Lobster Munida gregaria and the Larger Sized Zooplankton Crustacean Groups in the Beagle Channel as Revealed by Stable Isotopes
Authors: Castro Leonardo R. , González Humberto E. , Garcés-Vargas José , Barrientos Pamela
Published: June 2021

In southern Patagonia, the Beagle Channel shows very low production during winter but simultaneously sustains very dense aggregations of the pelagic stage of squat lobster (Munida gregaria), a benthic decapod whose pelagic juveniles have the largest body size within the chitinous pelagic community. To assess the coexistence of the mesozooplankton community and the pelagic M. gregaria stage under the harsh feeding winter conditions, we conducted a research cruise at two locations connected to the Beagle Channel, Yendegaia Bay (land terminating-glacier) and Pia Fjord (marine-terminating glacier). Our results showed that the zooplankton communities were similar in these two fjords, that a single pelagic group dominated in terms of biomass (pelagic Munida gregaria), and that differences in vertical distribution existed between most of the principal crustacean zooplankton and pelagic M. gregaria. All groups showed consumption of terrestrially derived organic matter, as revealed by their δ13C values. However, the isotopic composition, trophic positions (TP), and isotopic niche areas of the groups separated pelagic M. gregaria, presenting some of the lowest δ15N and the highest δ13C values, and the narrowest isotopic niche width. Pelagic M. gregaria was dominated by a single body size class along the 0–100 m water column, with no diel changes in vertical distribution, remained mostly in the upper layers (0–50 m), and benefited from the slightly higher phytoplankton concentrations at shallower depths as revealed by their higher δ13C values and low trophic position. In contrast, the other groups, including zoea M. gregaria stages, developed changes in distribution between day and night or remained deeper in the water column. These groups showed higher δ15N values, higher TP, and lower δ13C values, most of which probably fed on a nanoheterotrophs and terrestrial particulate organic matter mixture at deeper layers. Thus, the different vertical distributions, different trophic level food sources, and slightly different organic carbon sources apparently reduced any potential competence for food resources and form part of the feeding strategy that may facilitate the coexistence of the different large pelagic crustaceans under harsh feeding winter conditions in this high latitude austral region.
Early Population Dynamics of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” in Susceptible and Resistant Genotypes After Inoculation With Infected Diaphorina citri Feeding on Young Shoots
Authors: Alves Mônica Neli , Cifuentes-Arenas Juan Camilo , Raiol-Junior Laudecir Lemos , Ferro Jesus Aparecido , Peña Leandro
Published: June 2021

Huanglongbing is a highly destructive citrus disease associated with “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (Las), a phloem−limited and non-culturable bacterium, naturally transmitted by the psyllid Diaphorina citri. Although diverse approaches have been used to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogen–host interaction, such approaches have focused on already infected and/or symptomatic plants, missing early events in the initial days post-inoculation. This study aimed to identify the time course of Las multiplication and whole-plant colonization immediately following inoculation by infected psyllids feeding for 2 days. Thus, the experimental approach was to track Las titers after psyllid inoculation in new shoots (NS) of Citrus × sinensis (susceptible), Murraya paniculata (partially resistant), and Bergera koenigii (fully resistant). Soon after psyllid removal, Las titers dropped until the 10–12th days in all three species. Following this, Las titers increased exponentially only in C. × sinensis and M. paniculata, indicating active bacterial multiplication. In C. × sinensis, Las reached a stationary phase at ∼5 log Las cells/g of tissue from the 40th day onward, while in M. paniculata, Las increased at a lower rate of up to ∼3 log Las cells/g of tissue between the 40th and 60th days, decreasing gradually thereafter and becoming undetectable from the 160th day onward. In B. koenigii, Las titers decreased from the start and remained undetectable. In C. × sinensis, an average of 2.6 log of Las cells/g of tissue was necessary for Las to move out of 50% of the NS in 23.6 days and to colonize the rest of the plant, causing a successful infection. Conversely, the probability of Las moving out of the NS remained below 50% in M. paniculata and zero in B. koenigii. To our knowledge, this is the first study on Las dynamics and whole-plant colonization during the earliest stages of infection. Identification of critical time-points for either successful multiplication or Las resistance may help to elucidate initial events of Las–host interactions that may be missed due to longer sampling intervals and at later stages of infection.
A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of the Top-Cited Publications in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Shi Jian , Du Xianping , Cavagnaro María José , Li Na
Published: June 2021

Background: For measuring their impact in scientific research, the citation count of the publications is used in the bibliometric analysis, though still in the bibliometric analysis, there is no comprehensive summary of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) research. This article intends to provide the physicians and the neuroscientists with a reference guide to assess the most influential publications written on this subject through a macroscopic view of the research activities on mTBI.

Methods: The database of the Web of Science was used to compile the 100 top-ranking publications on mTBI. The selected publications were evaluated on the basis of the several categorizations including the type of the publications, number of citations, country of origin, and year of publication.

Results: Between 1946 and 2020, the 13,040 publications that were published were included in the database. The least cited publications received 274 citations, while the most cited received 1,748. Altogether, 71 publications were from the USA while 29 were from other countries. Among all the institutions, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center led the list with six publications. Around 100 papers, mostly on the clinical studies in the categories of neurology and neurosciences, were published in 54 different journals.

Conclusions: This study provides both a transverse section summary and historical retrospect for the clinical advances of mTBI, and the publications of important observations that contributed a significant impact on the treatment and prevention of mTBI had been identified.
Cross-Subject EEG Emotion Recognition With Self-Organized Graph Neural Network
Authors: Li Jingcong , Li Shuqi , Pan Jiahui , Wang Fei
Published: June 2021

As a physiological process and high-level cognitive behavior, emotion is an important subarea in neuroscience research. Emotion recognition across subjects based on brain signals has attracted much attention. Due to individual differences across subjects and the low signal-to-noise ratio of EEG signals, the performance of conventional emotion recognition methods is relatively poor. In this paper, we propose a self-organized graph neural network (SOGNN) for cross-subject EEG emotion recognition. Unlike the previous studies based on pre-constructed and fixed graph structure, the graph structure of SOGNN are dynamically constructed by self-organized module for each signal. To evaluate the cross-subject EEG emotion recognition performance of our model, leave-one-subject-out experiments are conducted on two public emotion recognition datasets, SEED and SEED-IV. The SOGNN is able to achieve state-of-the-art emotion recognition performance. Moreover, we investigated the performance variances of the models with different graph construction techniques or features in different frequency bands. Furthermore, we visualized the graph structure learned by the proposed model and found that part of the structure coincided with previous neuroscience research. The experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed model for cross-subject EEG emotion recognition.
New TRUS Techniques and Imaging Features of PI-RADS 4 or 5: Influence on Tumor Targeting
Authors: Chang Amy Inji , Park Byung Kwan
Published: June 2021

Purpose

To determine if the new transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) techniques and imaging features contribute to targeting Prostate Imaging and Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 4 or 5.

Materials and Methods

Between December 2018 and February 2020, 115 men underwent cognitive biopsy by radiologist A, who was familiar with the new TRUS findings and biopsy techniques. During the same period, 179 men underwent magnetic resonance imaging–TRUS image fusion or cognitive biopsy by radiologist B, who was unfamiliar with the new biopsy techniques. Prior to biopsy, both radiologists knew MRI findings such as the location, size, and shape of PI-RADS 4 or 5. We recorded how many target biopsies were performed without systematic biopsy and how many of these detected higher Gleason score (GS) than those detected by systematic biopsy. The numbers of biopsy cores were also obtained. Fisher Exact or Mann–Whitney test was used for statistical analysis.

Results

For PI-RADS 4, target biopsy alone was performed in 0% (0/84) by radiologist A and 0.8% (1/127) by radiologist B (p>0.9999). Target biopsy yielded higher GSs in 57.7% (30/52) by radiologist A and 29.5% (23/78) by radiologist B (p = 0.0019). For PI-RADS 5, target biopsy alone was performed in 29.0% (9/31) by radiologist A and 1.9% (1/52) by radiologist B (p = 0.0004). Target biopsy yielded higher GSs in 50.0% (14/28) by radiologist A and 18.2% (8/44) by radiologist B (p = 0.0079). Radiologist A sampled fewer biopsy cores than radiologist B (p = 0.0008 and 0.0023 for PI-RADS 4 and 5), respectively.

Conclusions

PI-RADS 4 or 5 can be more precisely targeted if the new TRUS biopsy techniques are applied.
Extracellular Granzyme K Modulates Angiogenesis by Regulating Soluble VEGFR1 Release From Endothelial Cells
Authors: Li Shuang , van Dijk Christian G. M. , Meeldijk Jan , Kok Helena M. , Blommestein Isabelle , Verbakel Annick L. F. , Kotte Marit , Broekhuizen Roel , Laclé Miangela M. , Goldschmeding Roel , Cheng Caroline , Bovenschen Niels
Published: June 2021

Angiogenesis is crucial for normal development and homeostasis, but also plays a role in many diseases including cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Granzymes are serine proteases stored in the granules of cytotoxic cells, and have predominantly been studied for their pro-apoptotic role upon delivery in target cells. A growing body of evidence is emerging that granzymes also display extracellular functions, which largely remain unknown. In the present study, we show that extracellular granzyme K (GrK) inhibits angiogenesis and triggers endothelial cells to release soluble VEGFR1 (sVEGFR1), a decoy receptor that inhibits angiogenesis by sequestering VEGF-A. GrK does not cleave off membrane-bound VEGFR1 from the cell surface, does not release potential sVEGFR1 storage pools from endothelial cells, and does not trigger sVEGFR1 release via protease activating receptor-1 (PAR-1) activation. GrK induces de novo sVEGFR1 mRNA and protein expression and subsequent release of sVEGFR1 from endothelial cells. GrK protein is detectable in human colorectal tumor tissue and its levels positively correlate with sVEGFR1 protein levels and negatively correlate with T4 intratumoral angiogenesis and tumor size. In conclusion, extracellular GrK can inhibit angiogenesis via secretion of sVEGFR1 from endothelial cells, thereby sequestering VEGF-A and impairing VEGFR signaling. Our observation that GrK positively correlates with sVEGFR1 and negatively correlates with angiogenesis in colorectal cancer, suggest that the GrK-sVEGFR1-angiogenesis axis may be a valid target for development of novel anti-angiogenic therapies in cancer.
Preventing Cardiovascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes: The Need for a Lifetime Approach
Authors: Chiesa Scott T. , Marcovecchio M. Loredana
Published: June 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Adolescence appears to be a critical time for the development of early subclinical manifestations of CVD, with these changes likely driven by a deterioration in glycemic control during the progression through puberty, combined with the emergence of numerous other traditional cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol use, obesity, etc.) which emerge at this age. Although hemoglobin A1C has long been the primary focus of screening and treatment strategies, glycemic control remains poor in youth with T1D. Furthermore, screening for cardiovascular risk factors—which are often elevated in youth with T1D—is suboptimal, and use of pharmacological interventions for hypertension and dyslipidemia remains low. As such, there is a clear need not only for better screening strategies for CVD risk factors in youth, but also early interventions to reduce these, if future CVD events have to be prevented. Accumulating evidence has recently suggested that early increases in urinary albumin excretion, even within the normal range, may identify adolescents with T1D who are at an increased risk of complications, and results from pharmacological intervention with statins and ACE inhibitors in these individuals have been encouraging. These data join a growing evidence highlighting the need for a whole-life approach to prevention starting from childhood if efforts to improve CVD outcomes and related mortality in T1D are to be maintained.
Alphataxin, an Orally Available Small Molecule, Decreases LDL Levels in Mice as a Surrogate for the LDL-Lowering Activity of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in Humans
Authors: Bristow Cynthia L. , Winston Ronald
Published: June 2021

The abundant blood protein α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1PI, Αlpha-1, α1-antitrypsin, SerpinA1) is known to bind to the active site of granule-associated human leukocyte elastase (HLE-G). Less well known is that binding of α1PI to cell surface HLE (HLE-CS) induces lymphocyte locomotion mediated by members of the low density lipoprotein receptor family (LDL-RFMs) thereby facilitating low density lipoprotein (LDL) clearance. LDL and α1PI were previously shown to be in negative feedback regulation during transport and clearance of lipoproteins. Further examination herein of the influence of α1PI in lipoprotein regulation using data from a small randomized, double-blind clinical trial shows that treatment of HIV-1-infected individuals with α1PI plasma products lowered apolipoprotein and lipoprotein levels including LDL. Although promising, plasma-purified α1PI is limited in quantity and not a feasible treatment for the vast number of people who need treatment for lowering LDL levels. We sought to develop orally available small molecules to act as surrogates for α1PI. Small molecule β-lactams are highly characterized for their binding to the active site of HLE-G including crystallographic studies at 1.84 Å. Using high throughput screening (HLE-G inhibition, HLE-CS-induced cellular locomotion), we show here that a panel of β-lactams, including the LDL-lowering drug ezetimibe, have the capacity to act as surrogates for α1PI by binding to HLE-G and HLE-CS. Because β-lactams are antibiotics that also have the capacity to promote evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria, we modified the β-lactam Alphataxin to prevent antibiotic activity. We demonstrate using the diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model that Alphataxin, a penam, is as effective in lowering LDL levels as FDA-approved ezetimibe, a monobactam. Non-antibiotic β-lactams provide a promising new therapeutic class of small molecules for lowering LDL levels.
High-Speed Digital Detector for the Internet of Things Assisted by Signal’s Intensity Quantification
Authors: Zhang Yidi , Wang Haibo
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes a high-speed digital detector for the Internet of Things (IoT) assisted by signal’s intensity quantification. The detector quantifies the amplitude of each pixel of the detected image and converts it into a digital signal, which can be directly applied to the IoT with wireless communication system. Two types of amplitude quantization algorithms, uniform quantization and non-uniform quantization, are applied to the detector, which further improves the quality of the detected image and the robustness of the image signal in a noisy environment. Related simulations have been established to verify the accuracy of the models and algorithms.
Case Report: Individualization of Intensive Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy on the Basis of Ego Strength
Authors: Messina Irene , Scottà Francesco , Marchi Arianna , Benelli Enrico , Grecucci Alessandro , Sambin Marco
Published: June 2021

In intensive transactional analysis psychotherapy (ITAP), intensity is obtained with both technical expedients and the relational manner with the patient. In ITAP, the therapist modulates pressure and support commensurately to the patients' ego strength. In the present article, we contrast two clinical cases of young adults in which ego strength produced different therapy outcomes and processes. We present excerpts of the psychotherapy process that illustrates technical aspects of ITAP as well as the therapist's attitude that we describe as holding. We show quantitative therapy outcomes consisting of effects size values of changes in Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation—Outcome Measure scores in baseline, treatment, and follow-up phases and qualitative outcome evaluated with the Change Interview at the end of the therapy. In the patient with high ego strength, we observed a rapid improvement and a complete recovery at the end of the therapy, whereas the results of the patient with low ego strength were less consistent (more fluctuations in Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation—Outcome Measure scores including deterioration but good qualitative outcome). We conclude that quantitative and qualitative outcome data, together with process observations, are required to have a complete picture of therapy effectiveness. Moreover, we conclude that qualitative ego strength is not a limitation for the use of expressive therapy such as ITAP, but rather, it is an important variable that should be considered to dose confrontations and support.
Physical Activity Reduces Clinical Symptoms and Restores Neuroplasticity in Major Depression
Authors: Brüchle Wanja , Schwarzer Caroline , Berns Christina , Scho Sebastian , Schneefeld Jessica , Koester Dirk , Schack Thomas , Schneider Udo , Rosenkranz Karin
Published: June 2021

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common mental disorder and deficits in neuroplasticity are discussed as one pathophysiological mechanism. Physical activity (PA) enhances neuroplasticity in healthy subjects and improves clinical symptoms of MDD. However, it is unclear whether this clinical effect of PA is due to restoring deficient neuroplasticity in MDD. We investigated the effect of a 3-week PA program applied on clinical symptoms, motor excitability and plasticity, and on cognition in patients with MDD (N = 23), in comparison to a control intervention (CI; N = 18). Before and after the interventions, the clinical symptom severity was tested using self- (BDI-II) and investigator- (HAMD-17) rated scales, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols were used to test motor excitability and paired-associative stimulation (PAS) to test long-term-potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity. Additionally, cognitive functions such as attention, working memory and executive functions were tested. After the interventions, the BDI-II and HAMD-17 decreased significantly in both groups, but the decrease in HAMD-17 was significantly stronger in the PA group. Cognition did not change notably in either group. Motor excitability did not differ between the groups and remained unchanged by either intervention. Baseline levels of LTP-like plasticity in the motor cortex were low in both groups (PA: 113.40 ± 2.55%; CI: 116.83 ± 3.70%) and increased significantly after PA (155.06 ± 10.48%) but not after CI (122.01 ± 4.1%). Higher baseline BDI-II scores were correlated with lower levels of neuroplasticity. Importantly, the more the BDI-II score decreased during the interventions, the stronger did neuroplasticity increase. The latter effect was particularly strong after PA (r = −0.835; p < 0.001). The level of neuroplasticity related specifically to the psychological/affective items, which are tested predominantly in the BDI-II. However, the significant clinical difference in the intervention effects was shown in the HAMD-17 which focuses more on somatic/neurovegetative items known to improve earlier in the course of MDD. In summary, PA improved symptoms of MDD and restored the deficient neuroplasticity. Importantly, both changes were strongly related on the individual patients' level, highlighting the key role of neuroplasticity in the pathophysiology and the clinical relevance of neuroplasticity-enhancing interventions for the treatment of MDD.
Behavioral Risk Factors and Adherence to Preventive Measures: Evidence From the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mendoza-Jiménez María-José , Hannemann Tessa-Virginia , Atzendorf Josefine
Published: June 2021

Behavioral risk factors, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, obesity, and unhealthy food intake are added risk factors for severe outcomes of COVID-19 infections. Preventive measures to avoid infections are therefore particularly important for individuals engaging in behavioral risk factors. We seek to determine whether behavioral risk factors (BRFs) play a significant role in the adherence to preventive COVID-19 measures in a population aged 50 and above. The SHARE wave 8 (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) and SHARE COVID-19 Survey served as the database, resulting in an analytical sample of 17,588 respondents from 23 European countries plus Israel. Of these 36.04% engaged in at least one BRF and 16.68% engaged in 3 or more BRFs. Multilevel logistic regressions revealed that engagement in one BRF was significantly associated with less adherence to hygiene preventive measures, i.e., hand-sanitizing, hand-washing and covering coughs and sneezes (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78; 0.94), as was engagement in two BRFs (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74; 0.97) and three or more BRFs (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.59; 0.88). No such association was found between engagement in BRFs and adherences to social isolation preventive measures, i.e., avoiding meeting more than five people, visiting others or going shopping, or regulated preventive measures, i.e., wearing a mask and keeping physical distance. The found association was also stronger when three or more BRFs were engaged in (1 vs. 3 BRFs: χ2= 3.43,p= 0.06; 2 vs. 3 BRFs: χ2= 6.05;p= 0.01). The study gives insight into the protective behavior of a population with inherent vulnerability during a global health emergency. It lays the foundation for follow-up research about the evolution of adherence to preventive measures as the pandemic progresses and about long-term behavioral changes. In addition, it can aide efforts in increasing preventive compliance by raising awareness of the added risk behavioral risk factors pose.