bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of spawning site fidelity in interior Fraser River Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch using otolith microchemistry, in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Turcotte Luc A. , Shrimpton J. Mark
Published: September 2020

Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch show fidelity to natal spawning watersheds. Fine‐scale homing, however, within rivers is not well understood. Interior Fraser Coho (IFC) salmon eggs were incubated at known spawning locations in the Coldwater River, two main stem sites and one‐off channel pond site, providing otolith reference data for comparison to otolith signatures for returning adults using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Elemental ratios for Ba:Ca and Sr:Ca in otoliths of juvenile O. kisutch differed significantly among the spawning locations examined. Juvenile otolith data were used to conduct a linear discriminant analysis to assess fine‐scale homing in adults. Juvenile data were all assigned to the location where they had been incubated, producing a robust data set used to compare adult otoliths and define natal locations based on elemental signatures in otoliths of adult spawners. Homing and straying were apparent at the reach level; 57.1% of adults returned to their natal spawning locations, while 42.9% strayed to other spawning sites within the Coldwater River. Straying to novel incubation sites at the reach scale demonstrated plasticity in homing within a watershed.
Socioeconomic Risk for Adolescent Cognitive Control and Emerging Risk‐Taking Behaviors
Authors: Brieant Alexis , Peviani Kristin M. , Lee Jacob E. , King‐Casas Brooks , Kim‐Spoon Jungmeen
Published: September 2020

This study examined whether cognitive control mediated the association between socioeconomic status (SES; composite of income‐to‐needs ratio and parent education) and changes in risk‐taking behaviors. The sample included 167 dyads of adolescents (53% male; Mage = 14.07 years at Time 1) and their parents, assessed annually across 4 years. Parents reported socioeconomic variables at Time 1. Adolescents reported risk‐taking behaviors at Times 1 and 4, and completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging cognitive control task at Times 2 and 3. Lower SES was associated with lower behavioral (but not neural) cognitive control, which was associated with increases in risk‐taking behaviors. The findings suggest that elevated socioeconomic risk may compromise cognitive control which can cascade into maladaptive behaviors in adolescence.
Factors affecting woodland rodent growth
Authors: Brouard M. J. , Knowles S. C. L. , Dressen S. , Coulson T. , Malo A. F.
Published: September 2020

Very little information exists on the growth rates of woodland rodents and the drivers of body size dynamics that are observed in British populations. In this study, we use mark–recapture data collected on two species living in sympatry, wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) and bank voles (Myodes glareolus). A third species of rodent, the yellow‐necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) was also caught occasionally. We found the density of this third species negatively impacted the growth rate of both wood mice and bank voles. No impact of conspecific population density on growth for either species was found. Previous studies have suggested high conspecific population density can impact growth for some individuals of the population, but our populations may have not reached the densities required to elucidate these effects during the study.
A hole in the nematosphere: tardigrades and rotifers dominate the cryoconite hole environment, whereas nematodes are missing
Authors: Zawierucha K. , Porazinska D. L. , Ficetola G. F. , Ambrosini R. , Baccolo G. , Buda J. , Ceballos J. L. , Devetter M. , Dial R. , Franzetti A. , Fuglewicz U. , Gielly L. , Łokas E. , Janko K. , Novotna Jaromerska T. , Kościński A. , Kozłowska A. , Ono M. , Parnikoza I. , Pittino F. , Poniecka E. , Sommers P. , Schmidt S. K. , Shain D. , Sikorska S. , Uetake J. , Takeuchi N.
Published: September 2020

The worldwide distribution of microinvertebrates on glaciers, the coldest biome, is poorly known. Owing to their tolerance to hostile conditions, small size and dispersal abilities, nematodes, tardigrades and rotifers are considered cosmopolitan and together inhabit various ecosystems. In this study, we investigated their global distribution in cryoconite holes – a type of freshwater reservoir forming directly in the glacial ice that creates biodiversity hotspots on glaciers. We analysed cryoconite samples (using classical microscopic observations and environmental DNA metabarcoding) from 42 glaciers located around the world (the Arctic, Subarctic, Scandinavia, the Alps, the Caucasus, Siberia, Central Asia, Africa, South America and Antarctica), as well as using literature data. Samples from Antarctic, Karakoram and the Alps were analysed using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and classical observations under microscopes, while all other samples were analysed by microscope alone. Three general outcomes were found: (1) tardigrades and rotifers represented the most common invertebrates in cryoconite holes; (2) tardigrades and rotifers often coexisted together, with one or the other dominating, but the dominant taxon varied by region or by glacier; (3) nematodes – the most abundant, hyperdiverse and widespread metazoans on Earth, including in environments surrounding and seeding glacial surfaces – were consistently absent from cryoconite holes. Despite the general similarity of environmental conditions in cryoconite holes, the distribution of tardigrades and rotifers differed among glaciers, but not in any predictable way, suggesting that their distribution mostly depended on the random dispersal, extreme changes of supraglacial zone or competition. Although nematodes have been found in supraglacial habitats, cryoconite hole environments seem not to provide the necessary conditions for their growth and reproduction. Lack of physiological adaptations to permanently low temperatures (~0°C) and competition for different food resources in the cryoconite hole environment may explain the absence of nematodes in cryoconite holes.
The La Marca model revisited: Structuralist goodwin cycles with evolutionary supply side and balance of payments constraints
Authors: Spinola Danilo
Published: September 2020

This research is aimed at investigating the causes of volatility that affect middle‐income countries by studying the La Marca model. Drawing from the open‐economy Goodwin tradition, this model demonstrates that economic activity, income distribution and accumulation of foreign assets dynamically interact, resulting in a pattern of dampened cycles. The study consists in analyzing the characteristics of the model by initially imposing: (I) a constant real exchange rate; (II) a constant net external asset to capital ratio, which is in line with the balance of payments dominance theory and (III) a fixed income distribution. We then (IV) expand the original model by adding an evolutionary supply‐side in which productivity is at the center of the economic dynamic through international technology transfer and the Kaldor‐Verdoorn effect. The results show that (1) the model always converges. (2) The restrictions (I) and (II) remove the cyclical component of the model, which highlights a central difference between La Marca and the original Goodwin model. (3) Fixed income distribution leads to a monotonic trajectory that reduces oscillations. (4) The inclusion of productivity dynamics generates new sources of volatility in the relationship between productivity, capacity utilization and net external assets and is in line with the structuralist argument of structural fragility.
Efficacy of omalizumab treatment for pediatric chronic spontaneous urticaria: A multi‐center retrospective case series
Authors: Ari Anne , Levy Yael , Segal Nirit , Maoz‐Segal Ramit , Benor Shira , Broides Arnon , Horev Amir , Epstein‐Rigbi Na'ama , Agmon‐Levin Nancy , Marcus Nufar
Published: September 2020

Background

Chronic urticaria is defined by the presence of itchy wheals, sometimes accompanied by angioedema, lasting for at least 6 weeks. In children, most cases occur without an eliciting factor and are defined as chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). CSU affects up to 0.75% of children with a negative impact on quality of life and school performance. CSU is treated in adults with second‐generation antihistamines, increased up to four times normal doses for second‐line treatment. Omalizumab (a monoclonal antibody to IgE) may be recommended as third‐line therapy. A similar protocol is used in children, yet little is known of its efficacy and safety.

Objectives

To summarize our multi‐center experience in treating children with recalcitrant CSU with omalizumab.

Methods

A retrospective multi‐center case series conducted in 5 tertiary care centers in Israel. Patients included were children <18 years old diagnosed with recalcitrant CSU who were treated with omalizumab. Patients were followed up throughout the duration of omalizumab therapy/symptom remission. Patients' electronic medical records were used to gather data.

Results

Nineteen participants (11 F; 8 M) presented with CSU between ages 6 and 16.9 years. Sixteen (84%) responded to omalizumab, including children <12 years old, although two became non‐responsive after 6‐12 months of therapy. Another three patients (16%) were resistant to treatment, achieving remission through fourth‐line (Cyclosporine A) or other therapies.

Conclusion

Children with recalcitrant CSU, even those <12 years old, respond well to standard‐dose, third‐line omalizumab therapy at rates similar to adults. Yet, some cases may become non‐responsive with ongoing treatment.
When Victimhood Goes to War? Israel and Victim Claims
Authors: Markiewicz Tadek , Sharvit Keren
Published: September 2020

Prominent sociopsychological approaches interpret collective victimhood as inseparable, central characteristic of societies involved in intractable conflicts. Victimhood is broadly perceived as an essential conflict‐supportive belief also in other disciplines. In the context of Israel, there is a cross‐disciplinary consensus that collective victimhood is the country's foundational identity. This project argues that states' employment of this theme changes and is context dependent. It discusses under what conditions Israel's political elites incorporate victim narratives towards armed conflicts. It examines public communication during the 2012 Operation Pillar of Defense (OPD) and the Yom Kippur war of 1973 (YKW). Employing a modified method of narrative conceptualization analysis, the research demonstrates that victim narratives were used almost twice as much during OPD than during YKW. The findings suggest that we need to differentiate between the role these narratives play for collectives versus states. For the latter, the presence of victim narratives is highly variable and reflects strategic developments. The project is the first systematic study exposing that victim narratives can be a challenge for governance. By conceptualizing victim narratives as claims, it captures the dynamic, contextual characteristics of collective victimhood in state affairs offering a theoretical tool for understanding the political dimension of this identification.
Living at Extractive Sites: Invisible Harm and Green Victimization in the Oil Fields*
Authors: Opsal Tara , Luzbetak Austin , O'Connor Shelley Tara
Published: September 2020

Oil and natural gas activity has grown dramatically over the last decade around the United States because, in part, of increased use of unconventional technologies like hydraulic fracturing. Social scientists have examined the broad array of impacts of this growth to communities disproportionately impacted by activity. This paper contributes to that work by using survey and qualitative interviews to examine the experiences of Coloradans with harm created by oil and gas activity when they live adjacent to production or extraction sites. Using a green criminological and critical criminological framing, our findings illuminate that Coloradans in these samples experienced persistent and patterned harm from oil and gas activity to which they lived proximate. Additionally—paralleling criminological literature on street crime—our findings indicate that official state records on harm prevalence is likely inaccurate and that, instead, a “dark figure” of harm exists. This results because of underreporting of harm by those who experience it which occurs in part, at least for those in our sample, because of a lack of trust or sense of fairness in the regulatory process.
Elimination of pretransfusion RhD typing at Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan—30‐year experience (1988–2017)
Authors: Lin Marie
Published: September 2020

Background

The frequency of the RhD negative (D‐) phenotype among the population of Taiwan is only 0·34% and so anti‐D is a relatively rare antibody. Routine pretransfusion D typing of patients at Mackay Memorial Hospital (MMH) was discontinued in 1988, and this report is a look back and retrospective evaluation over 30‐years (1988–2017).

Study Design and Methods

The incidence of anti‐D among patients at MMH during the periods 1984–1988 (when D typing was performed) and 1988–2017 (when D typing was not performed) was reviewed. Also, the incidence of anti‐D among both MMH patients and voluntary blood donors at the Taiwan Blood Foundation was compared. The importance of anti‐‘Mia’ in Taiwan is also discussed.

Results

The incidence of anti‐D relative to other Rh antibodies among MMH patients when D typing was performed and D typing not performed has remained relatively unchanged (5%). The frequencies of anti‐D and anti‐‘Mia’ among 38 537 patients who were transfused at MMH during 2008–2017 were found to be 0·06% and 2·6%, respectively. During the same period, among 3 510 131 blood donors at Taiwan Blood Foundation, the frequencies of anti‐D and anti‐‘Mia’ were 0·004% and 0·2%, respectively.

Conclusion

The elimination of D typing of patients at MMH has proven to have been a correct and logical decision. D‐ patients, if they do not carry anti‐D, can thus be safely transfused with D+ red cells.
INFLUENCE OF CARBONISATION TEMPERATURE ON THE SURFACE PORE CHARACTERISTICS OF ACID-TREATED OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors: Ahmad Norhidayah , Ibrahim Naimah , Yun Fu Phan , Ahmad Razi
Published: September 2020

Carbonisation process affects the surface physical and chemical properties of an activated carbon. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the influence of carbonisation temperature from 400 to 550°C during activation with 85% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) on the surface pore characteristics of activated carbon produced from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) for nitric oxide (NO) removal from gas streams. Pore and morphological characterisation showed that EFB carbonised at 400°C (EFBC-400) is microporous and has a uniform pore structure with 98% micropore volume. Increasing carbonisation temperature resulted in pore enlargement from 2.8 to 4.7 nm and increment in pore heterogeneity and BET surface area from 215 to 759 m2/g. However, the NO breakthrough experiment indicated that EFBC-400 is more favourable for low-temperature NO removal, due to the importance of microporosity in adsorption of NO. Further study will look at the kinetics of NO removal and the adsorbent regeneration.
SIMULTANEOUS ADSORPTION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF SURFACTANT-MODIFIED KAOLINITE
Authors: Nik Malek Nik Ahmad Nizam , Huzlan Muhammad Syarafuddin , Chong Chun Shiong , Md Saad Nor Syafawani Sarah
Published: September 2020

Water contamination problems caused by various contaminants (i.e. anionic and cationic compounds, and pathogenic bacteria) necessitate the advanced material development for simultaneous adsorption and antibacterial actions. In this study, kaolinite (Kao) was modified with surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) (0.1, 1.0 and 4.0 mM) and they were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and dispersion behaviour. No structural changes occurred after the adsorption of HDTMA-Br molecules on the Kao. In the simultaneous action study, the samples were tested for their adsorption capacity for cationic (methylene blue, MB) and anionic dyes (acid orange 7, AO7), and for antibacterial activities against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC11229) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538). HDTMA-modified Kao enhanced the adsorption of AO7 and the trend was correlated with the HDTMA adsorbed on Kao. The modified Kao with the highest HDTMA-Br concentration (KaoH4.0) showed 100% removal capacity for both dyes (AO7 and MB) and reduced the highest amount of both bacterial colonies. Therefore, the kaolinite modified with surfactant simultaneously enhanced the adsorption capacity of both positive and negative compounds, and increased the antibacterial activities against a wide spectrum of bacteria.
Factors Influencing Students` Pronunciation Mastery at English Department of STKIP PGRI West Sumatera
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad Khairi
Published: September 2020

The research is to find the dominant factors influencing students` pronunciation mastery at English department of STKIP PGRI West Sumatera. This research is using qualitative research method. Total of participants are 10 English students academic year 2016/2017 in English Department of STKIP PGRI West Sumatera who are getting the best mark in pronunciation class. Sample of the research was selected by using purposive sampling technique. The instrument of the research is interview. The purpose of the interview is to get the real arguments about factor influencing students` pronunciation mastery. This research revealed that motivation is the dominant factor influencing students` pronunciation mastery. Most of the students were motivated to increase their pronunciation because they were motivated by native speakers-watching the western or English movies and songs. Besides, they also argued that they wanted to go to overseas so, they should produce the word with correctly pronounced to avoid misunderstanding for both speaker. Based on the data obtained, it can be stated that motivation is the dominant factor influencing students` pronunciation mastery in academic year 2016/2017 at English Department of STKIP PGRI West Sumatera.
Children’s Worth School: Psychological Well-Being of High School Students in Padang
Authors: Afnibar Afnibar , Amalia Amalia , Nasrul Dyla Fajhriani , Rahmi Aulia
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to reveal the condition of a child-friendly school as seen from the psychological well-being students in school. Lately there have been various harassment incidents that have befallen students and their own culprit; this is allegedly related to their discomfort at school. Interviews and observations were employed in this study.  The participants which were the public high school students were recruited and determined by snowball sampling. The results showed that, generally, students experienced problems; first, psychological well-being was disrupted due to the following reasons: (1)  learning environment which included incomplete classroom and extracurricular activities facilities; (2) teachers’ attribute which included attitudes toward students, show less affection, appreciation and sometimes like to force the will; and (3) inadequate teaching and learning aspects which included poor lesson plans and dense of teaching and learning material. Second, psychological well-being felt by students generally in schools is related to: (1) the atmosphere in the classroom: friendly and not grumpy teachers, fun teachers in explaining the lesson; (2) understanding and easygoing friends who are comfortable to communicate with, and (3) the atmosphere outside the classroom, friendly waiters in the canteen and a comfortable and quiet library.
Stress evolution mechanism and thermo-mechanical reliability analysis of copper-filled TSV interposer
Authors: Chen Yuan , Su Wei , Huang Hong-Zhong , Lai Ping , Lin Xiao-ling , Chen Si
Published: September 2020

Through silicon via (TSV) has become one of the key emerging trends of three-dimensional
(3D) packages, as it can realize vertically interconnect between stacked-dies. Due to large
mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients (CTE) between the copper via and the silicon,
significant mechanical stresses are induced at the interfaces when TSV structure is subjected
to thermal stresses, which would greatly affect the reliability and electrical performance of
TSV 3D device. In this paper, the relationship between the state of stresses and failure of
TSV had been explored by combining finite element model simulation (FEM) and failure
physical analysis. The position of the maximum stress of the TSV structure was obtained by
FEM analysis. The relationship of stress and displacement change with temperature was also
studied. And a thermal cycling experiment was conducted to validate the simulation results.
Physical failure analysis after thermal cycling experiment was used to verify the degradation
mechanism predicted by thermo-mechanical simulation.
Fault mode analysis and reliability optimization design of a mechanical interface based on cylindrical cam mechanisms
Authors: Li Jian-Hao , Liu Zhi-Jie , Wang Da-Peng , Tian Yun , Zhao Yu-Chong
Published: September 2020

The mechanical interface has the characteristics of low shock and vibration, and is emphasized in the aerospace and ocean engineering fields. In this paper, a mechanical interface
based on coupled cylindrical cam mechanisms is designed. It can achieve the expected functions, but there exist faults in some times. The fault modes and causes of the interface are
firstly analyzed. Then a design approach based on Monte Carlo simulation is presented for
analyzing and optimizing its reliability. According to the fault modes, the performance functions of the interface are established for obtaining the optimal scheme. A case is given to
illustrate the proposed method. The simulation results and the prototype experiments prove
that the optimization scheme effectively improves the reliability of the interface, and has
better performance than the original one.
Gearbox faults feature selection and severity classification using machine learning
Authors: Zuber Ninoslav , Bajrić Rusmir
Published: September 2020

The most widely used technique for gearbox fault diagnosis is still vibration analysis. The
need for gearbox condition monitoring in an automated process is essential and there is still
a problem with the selection of features that best describe a fault or its severity level. For this
purpose, multiple-domain vibration signals statistic features are extracted through time and
frequency domain by postprocessing of raw time signal, time-synchronous average signal,
frequency spectra and cepstrum. Five different datasets are considered with different levels
of fault analyzing gear chipped and a missing tooth, gear root crack, and gear tooth wear
under stable running speed and load. A preliminary experimental study of a single stage test
bench gearbox was performed in order to test feature sensitivity to type and level of fault in
the process of clustering and classification. Selected features were finally processed using
an artificial neural network classifier.
Problemas a la salud que provoca la exposición al polvo de harina
Authors: Pimienta Cortes Angelica Sumaya , Ramírez Oliveros Erika Patricia , De la Caridad Montero Ricardo
Published: September 2020

Las diversas enfermedades producidas por material particulado, en especial aquellas que se generan como resultado de la exposición al polvo de harina; muy común en los panaderos y que es un factor del desarrollo del “asma del panadero”.

 En el artículo se describen  los efectos generados por las panaderías hacia los panaderos debido a la  exposición del polvo de harina, generándoles posibles enfermedades respiratorias, reacciones alérgicas al sistema respiratorio y síndromes respectivos; como medidas de prevención se recomienda la utilización de sistemas de extracción del polvo de harina que permiten minimizar las enfermedades respiratorias, en especial el asma ocupacional
Pengaruh Customer Relationship Management dan Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan dan Loyalitas Pelanggan Media Advertising di Samarinda
Authors: Saputri Ade , Hudayah Syarifah , Abidin Zainal
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of customer relationship management and service quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty of advertising media companies in Samarinda. The population in this study were customers of advertising media companies in Samarinda. Using accidental sampling, the sample in this study was 100 respondents. The analysis in this study is path analysis with the SPSS program. The results showed that CRM has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, CRM has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty in advertising media in Samarinda city.
Kinerja Keuangan dan Manajemen Wakaf Sabilillah Malang
Authors: Kharismaputri Wahyu , Oktaviana Ulfi Kartika
Published: September 2020

Improving performance is critical in every organization including waqf institutions. Assessing performance can be useful to indicate whether they have been effective and efficient in managing waqf assets. In the context of non-profit organizations such as waqf institutions that aim to prosper the community still do not realize the importance of assessing performance. Waqf management is indispensable for the usefulness of waqf assets. Waqf will provide benefits for ummah if managed professionally. Nadzir is obliged to manage and develop waqf property in accordance with its purpose, function, and provision. This research uses qualitative methods with a deksriptif approach, which aims to know the financial performance and management of waqf in Sabilillah Mosque Malang. Data collection is done by means of interviews, observations, and library studies. The results showed that financial performance is quite good because it meets the criteria of the seven financial ratios. Waqf management in Sabilillah is also well organized according to their respective jobdisks. In waqf management in Sabilillah mosque use the principles of al-amin (siddiq, amanah, tabliq, and fathanah). nature of waqf property management has obstacles such as nadzir who are still passive in overseeing the management of waqf, but everything is implemented to the maximum extent possible and planned to give the same understanding to the waqf manager at Sabilillah mosque.
BANYUWANGI: KOTA FESTIVAL MENUJU DESTINASI WISATA INDONESIA DAN DUNIA
Authors: Purwowibowo Purwowibowo
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Tourism has become a leading sectors of Banyuwangi Regency to realize the social welfare of the whole communities. This can be seen from the program that was launched by this district to become a major program and important tourist destination in Indonesia, not only for local tourists but also foreign tourists. In fact, the last 5 years the Banyuwangi Regency has made a program that is believed to be an effort to boost tourism activities on a massive scale. The program is a festival, which are a program designed and implemented by all local government officials and supported by the all communities. In 2019, the number of festivals held was 99 activities, one of which is the phenomenal festival that is the 'Gandrung Sewu Festival'. With so many festivals, Banyuwangi and then that city was called and becomes the 'City of Festivals'.

Keywords: Banyuwangi, Tourism, Social Welfare, Festival City, Gandrung Sewu
EFEKTIVITAS UNDANG-UNDANG LALU LINTAS DAN ANGKUTAN JALAN MEMINIMALISIR FATALITAS KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS
Authors: Ismail Nurhasan
Published: September 2020

Traffic accidents are one of the main problems of road users. Therefore various ways are done to suppress the number of accidents, especially the number of casualties that occur on the highway. UU no. 22 Tahun 2009 is a legal instrument that is responsible for the implementation of the purpose of traffic (road) is safe and friendly for its users. Legal instruments need to be supported by various supporting instruments and norms and ethics in the application carried out in the community such as socialization and education of traffic. It is therefore necessary to examine the effectiveness of these legal instruments against the limbal fatalities.

Kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama para pengguna jalan. Oleh karena itu berbagai cara dilakukan untuk menekan angka kecelakaan terutama jumlah korban yang terjadi di jalan raya. UU No. 22 Tahun 2009 merupakan instrumen hukum yang bertanggungjawab atas terlaksananya tujuan lalu lintas (jalan) yang aman dan ramah bagi penggunanya. Instrumen hukum perlu didukung berbagai instrumen pendukung dan norma serta etika dalam penerapan yang dilakukan di masyarakat seperti sosialisasi dan pendidikan lalu lintas. Oleh karena itu perlu pengujian terhadap efektitas instrumen hukum tersebut terhadap fatalitas lakalintas.
KAJIAN TINGKAT PEMAKAIAN HELM DAN KEPARAHAN KECELAKAAN PADA ANAK DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Kusumawati Aine , Ellizar Estiara , Rivai Hamsyin
Published: September 2020

Majority of crash and crash casualty in Bandung involved motorcyclists. This research aims to find out relation between helmet wearing and crash severity in adult and young motorcyclists. The result indicates the higher the rate of helmet usage relates to the lower risk of being killed or injured in a motorcycle crash. Young motorcycle passengers have 3 times higher risk of being killed and 2.2 times higher risk of being injured compared to adult motorcycle passengers as the rate of wearing helmet correctly in young motorcycle passengers is lower than that of adult motorcycle passengers. Meanwhile, young motorcycle drivers have 0.46 times lower risk of being killed and 0.67 times lower risk of being injured compared to adut motorcycle drivers as the rate of wearing helmet correctly in young motorcycle drivers is higher than that of adult motorcycle drivers.

Mayoritas kecelakaan dan korban kecelakaan di Kota Bandung melibatkan pesepeda motor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemakaian helm terhadap keparahan kecelakaan yang melibatkan pesepeda motor dewasa dan anak-anak di Kota Bandung. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan semakin tinggi tingkat pemakaian helm secara benar berhubungan dengan semakin rendahnya risiko mengalami kematian dan luka-luka dalam suatu kecelakaan yang melibatkan pesepeda motor. Penumpang sepeda motor anak-anak memiliki risiko meninggal dunia 3 kali lebih tinggi dan risiko luka-luka 2,2 kali lebih tinggi apabila mengalami kecelakaan dibanding penumpang dewasa karena tingkat pemakaian helm secara benar yang lebih rendah pada penumpang sepeda motor anak-anak. Sementara pengendara sepeda motor anak-anak memiliki risiko meninggal dunia 0,46 kali lebih rendah dan risiko luka-luka 0,67 kali lebih rendah apabila mengalami kecelakaan dibanding penumpang sepeda motor dewasa karena tingkat pemakaian helm secara benar yang lebih tinggi pada pengendara sepeda motor anak-anak.
EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KESELAMATAN JALAN "OK BOS" DI JAWA TIMUR DALAM MENURUNKAN KEJADIAN KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS
Authors: Sulistyono Sonya , Listyawati Ratih Novi , Hayati Nunung Nuring , Wahono Heri , Hendrawan Budi , Prayitno Eko Hengky
Published: September 2020

IRSMS data shows the increase in traffic accidents in 2016 reached 11% compared to the events of the previous year, and in 2017 it also increased by as much as 6%. The East Java Regional Police together with other LLAJ stakeholders formulated the "OK BOS" Program (Opén Karo Blackspot) to improve road safety. Regencies / cities are encouraged to be more sensitive to traffic accidents that occur in their areas, and encourage the implementation of road safety activities in an effort to reduce the incidence and fatality of traffic accidents. The results of the evaluation of the implementation of the program show the effectiveness of the program against the decrease in traffic accidents. Reduction in accident rates during program implementation reached 21%. Other evaluation results show that the implementation of the program is still not optimal and has not been evenly distributed, so it is necessary to plan strategies for implementation in 2019.

Data IRSMS memperlihatkan peningkatan kejadian kecelakaan lalu lintas tahun 2016 mencapai 11% dibandingkan dengan kejadian tahun sebelumnya, dan tahun 2017 masih meningkat pula sebanyak 6%. Polda Jawa Timur bersama istansi pemangku kepentingan LLAJ lainnya merumuskan Program “OK BOS” (Opén Karo Blackspot) untuk meningkatkan Kamseltibcar Lantas. Kabupaten/kota didorong lebih peka terhadap kecelakaan lalu lintas yang terjadi di wilayahnya, serta mendorong pelaksanaan kegiatan-kegiatan keselamatan jalan sebagai upaya untuk menurunkan kejadian dan fatalitas kecelakaan lalu lintas. Hasil evaluasi implementasi program memperlihatkan efektivitas program terhadap turunnya angka kecelakaan lalu lintas. Reduksi angka kecelakaan selama implementasi program mencapai 21%. Hasil evaluasi lain memperlihatkan bahwa implementasi program masih belum maksimal dan belum merata, sehingga perlu dilakukan perencanaan strategi untuk implementasi pada tahun 2019.
PENGETAHUAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERILAKU BERLALU LINTAS; TINJAUAN TERHADAP PELAKU LALU LINTAS USIA REMAJA DI SMK YPT 1 PURBALINGGA
Authors: Hardini Probo , Indriyati Eva Wahyu
Published: September 2020

The casualties in the teenage group in Purbalingga Regency averaged 21.25% of the total accident victims in this area. This relatively large proportion requires efforts through various approaches to reduce the high number of accidents, considering that this group of age is a very important period in people's growth process. This study aims to identify the effect of traffic knowledge on teenage traffic behaviour taking SMK YPT 1 Purbalingga as the case study location. In its analytical process, this research uses descriptive quantitative analysis methods and logistic regression analysis. The output of logistic regression using realstatistic software, identified that the ownership of the driving license provides an opportunity for the occurrence of a bad traffic behaviour. In addition, the better knowledge about signs will provide a role for the possibility of good traffic behaviour. Moreover, the low understanding of road marking gives a probability of bad traffic behaviour.

Korban kecelakaan pada kelompok usia remaja di Kabupaten Purbalingga rata-rata sebesar 21,25% dari total korban kecelakaan di daerah ini. Proporsi yang relatif besar ini memerlukan upaya-upaya melalui bermacam pendekatan untuk menekan tingginya angka kecelakaan pada kelompok usia ini, mengingat usia remaja adalah usia yang sangat penting dalam proses tumbuh kembang seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh pengetahuan lalu lintas terhadap perilaku pelaku lalu lintas usia remaja. Dalam prosesnya, penelitian menggunakan metode analisis kuantitatif deskriptif dan analisis regresi logistik. Luaran perhitungan regresi logistik dengan bantuan software realstatistic, diidentifikasi bahwa tidak memiliki SIM memberikan peluang untuk terjadinya perilaku berlalu lintas yang tidak baik. Selain itu, pengetahuan tentang rambu yang semakin baik akan memberikan peranan terhadap kemungkinan perilaku berlalu lintas yang baik. Pada usia remaja, pengetahuan tentang marka yang rendah memberikan probabilitas munculnya perilaku berlalu lintas yang tidak baik.
PENGARUH PERILAKU PENGENDARA TERHADAP KECELAKAAN PEJALAN KAKI-SEPEDA MOTOR
Authors: Makalew Febriane Paulina , Widodo Bambang , Ramli Muhammad Isran
Published: September 2020

Accidents within rider and pedestrian are increased during the last five years period. Conflict street users occur due to factors such as behavior and facility available. This research aims to analyze rider behavior and its influence on the pedestrian-motorcycle accident.  The research location is North Sulawesi Province, with the distribution of the questionnaire. Accident data reference is used to evaluate factors that influence the accident. Research result shows differences and similarity judgment for rider behavior in urban dan rural area. Majority choice show rider understanding of aspects in reducing the number of accidents. Differences in the location have a different facility available and the use of traffic lines for rider and pedestrian. Although it is not a majority, a choice against factors to reduce accidents can be fatal to the user. However, this option needs further research related to factors to influence such a choice. It is crucial to put safety pedestrian and rider into priority by strong regulation.

Kecelakaan yang melibatkan pejalan kaki dan sepeda motor meningkat dalam kurun waktu lima tahun terakhir. Konflik pengguna jalan terjadi disebabkan berbagai faktor seperti perilaku dan ketersediaan fasilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perilaku pengendara dan pengaruhnya terhadap kecelakaan pejalan kaki-sepeda motor. Lokasi penelitian di provinsi Sulawesi Utara dengan metode penyebaran kuisioner. Rujukan data kecelakaan digunakan untuk mengevaluasi faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kecelakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan dan persamaan penilaian yang menggambarkan perilaku pengendara di area perkotaan dan perdesaan. Mayoritas penilaian menunjukkan pemahaman terhadap aspek-aspek yang dapat mengurangi kecelakaan. Perbedaan lokasi kecelakaan memiliki perbedaan fasilitas yang tersedia dan penggunaan jalur lalu lintas bagi pengendara dan pejalan kaki. Meskipun bukan mayoritas  pilihan tapi pertentangan akan faktor untuk mengurangi kecelakaan dapat berakibat fatal. Namun hal ini perlu diteliti lebih lanjut faktor yang mempengaruhi pilihan tersebut. Penting sekali untuk mulai mengutamakan keselamatan pejalan kaki dan pengendara sepeda motor dengan peraturan yang tegas.
ANALISIS PERUBAHAN KECEPATAN TERHADAP RISIKO KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS
Authors: Buchari Erika , Putranto Dinar Dwi Anugrah , Asmoro Dwi , Saribu Lisbeth Dolok
Published: September 2020

According to IRSMS or Integrated Road Safety Management System, mostly 37.78% of road accidents happened in road class II. In terms of road function, the most frequent accidents happened in Arterial road, which is 33.22%. Majority accidents 31.60% happened in the straight road. This study aims to analyze the motorcycle’s speed, motorcyclist behavior in speeding, the effect of geometric road condition toward the speed. Some surveys having been done are road damage survey, traffic count survey, speed survey, and interview survey on motorist behavior. The results of the study are (1) The average speed of motorcyclists in  Jalan Noerdin Pandji on the direction of Bandara –Kenten is about 63.3 kph and the average speed on the direction of Kenten- Bandara 44.4 kph. (2) Motorist behavior in changing speed seems an anomaly attitude that they tend to increase the speed when approaching the intersection. Speeding behavior has many reasons for each motorist, such as faster reason, sleepy reason, and the increase of self-confidence (3). The effect of road geometric toward the speed of motorists is that the flat road condition can cause carelessness, and speeding up when approaching the intersection.

Menurut data Integrated Road Safety Management System (IRSMS), kecelakaan menurut jenis kelas jalan yang terbanyak terjadi di jalan Kelas II,  yaitu 37.78% dan korban  kecelakaan menurut fungsi jalan yang terbanyak terjadi di jalan Arteri, yaiu 33.22%. Mayoritas kecelakaan 31,60% terjadi di jalan lurus. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk,  menganalisis  kecepatan pengendara motor pada daerah kajian, perilaku pengendara dalam melakukan perubahan kecepatannya, menganalisis  pengaruh kondisi geometris jalan terhadap kecepatan pengendara. Survey yang dilakukan adalah survey kerusakan jalan, surveh perhitungan lalu lintas, survey kecepatan dan survey perilaku. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah (1) Kecepatan pengendara motor pada daerah kajian menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan rata rata Jalan Nordin Pandji arah Bandara –Kenten 63.3 kph dan kecepatan rata rata arah Kenten- Bandara 44.4 kph. (2) Perilaku pengendara dalam melakukan perubahan kecepatannya terjadi anomali sikap pengendara motor, yaitu cenderung mempercepat kendaraan atau ngebut ketika memasuki simpang. Perilaku ngebut juga ternyata mempunyai banyak alasan bagi setiap pengendara motor antara lain, ingin cepat, supaya tidak ngantuk, supaya percaya diri (3) Pengaruh kondisi geometris jalan terhadap kecepatan pengendara, yaitu bahwa kondisi datar membuat pengendara tidak hati hati, ngebut pada saat melintasi simpang.
PERILAKU NGEBUT DAN PERSEPSI PENGENDARA SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Purnawan Purnawan , Kurniati Titi
Published: September 2020

Speeding behavior is one of the factors that could cause traffic accidents. Speeding is generally carried out based on certain reasons. This study aims to determine speeding behavior in Padang city and the driver's perception of speeding behavior. To get speeding behavior in the field, the spot speed survey was conducted, while to find out perceptions about speeding behavior, an online survey was conducted. The results of the survey data analysis showed that drivers were speeding at peak and not peak hours; the percentage of drivers speeding up even more during the afternoon and evening. The driver was speeding due to internal factors and external factors that simultaneously supported the driver to drive the vehicle with speeding.

Perilaku ngebut merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menimbulkan kecelakaan lalu lintas, tindakan ngebut pada umumnya dilakukan atas dasar alasan tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku ngebut di kota Padang, dan persepsi pengemudi atas perilaku ngebut. Untuk mendapatkan perilaku ngebut di lapangan, dilakukan survai kecepatan setempat, sedang untuk mengetahui persepsi tentang perilaku ngebut dilakukan survai online. Hasil analisa data survai menunjukkan bahwa pengemudi ngebut pada jam puncak dan tidak puncak, persentase jumlah pengemudi ngebut semakin banyak pada saat sore dan malam hari. Pengemudi ngebut disebabkan adanya faktor internal dan faktor eksternal yang secara bersamaan mendukung pengemudi mengendarai kendaraan dengan ngebut.
THE EFFECT OF SPEED LIMIT VIOLATION ON MOTORCYCLE CRASH RATE: CASE STUDY BANDUNG NATIONAL ROAD
Authors: Kusumawati Aine , Ayuningtyas Kardina N.S. , Ellizar Estiara
Published: September 2020

Speeding is one of the risk factors for road traffic crashes and deaths, especially for vulnerable road users. Research shows that increasing vehicle speed by 1 km/h can increase 4% -5% of fatal crashes. However, several other studies show that crashes are caused more by speed dispersion than by average speed vehicles in the traffic. This study aims to determine the effect of speed limit violations on the rate of a motorcycle crash on the national road in Bandung City. Although the proportion of motorcycles that violates the speed limit is quite high (40%), it turns out the result of this study indicates that the rate of motorcycle crash does not seem to be affected by the proportion of motorcycle in the traffic that violates the speed limit. Crashes involving motorcycles are more prevalent in the highest flow period than in the free flow conditions where the proportion of motorcycle that violates the speed limit is the highest.

Mengendara dengan kecepatan tinggi merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas dan kematian akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas, terutama pada kelompok pengguna jalan rentan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kecepatan kendaraan sebesar 1 km/jam dapat meningkatkan 4%-5% kecelakaan fatal. Namun beberapa penelitian lainnya menunjukkan bahwa kecelakaan lebih disebabkan oleh adanya variasi kecepatan di dalam arus dibanding kecepatan rata-rata kendaraan di dalam arus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelanggaran batas kecepatan terhadap tingkat kecelakaan sepeda motor di jalan nasional Kota Bandung. Walaupun proporsi sepeda motor yang melanggar batas kecepatan cukup tinggi (40%), ternyata hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa tingkat kecelakaan sepeda motor tampaknya tidak dipengaruhi oleh proporsi sepeda motor di dalam arus yang melanggar batas kecepatan. Kecelakaan yang melibatkan sepeda motor justru lebih banyak terjadi pada kondisi arus tertinggi dalam satu hari dibanding pada kondisi arus lengang dimana proporsi sepeda motor yang melanggar batas kecepatan paling banyak.
Ensino e trabalho remoto em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Reginato Vivian da Silva
Published: September 2020

Devido a pandemia de Coronavírus o mundo inteiro está sofrendo com os inúmeros impactos em diferentes países. Desde metade do mês de março de 2020, as atividades relacionadas à educação, entre outras, estão suspensas de forma presencial no Estado de Santa Catarina e muitas escolas adotaram o ensino remoto como alternativa para não suspender o ano letivo. Para colaborar no entendimento acerca do impacto da COVID-19 na área do ensino, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo principal estimar a quantidade de estudantes e professores da educação básica no Estado de Santa Catarina, por município, que estão em ensino/trabalho remoto devido à COVID-19. Especificamente os objetivos são: quantificar as escolas públicas de ensino básico, o número de alunos matriculados e professores disponíveis por município e; analisar se as relações existentes entre as informações são convergentes ou divergentes. Para tanto, como método de pesquisa foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfica e quantitativa documental em diferentes fontes, bem como foram produzidos mapas do estudo de caso para representar as informações pesquisadas em softwares específicos. Os mapas e as análises realizadas permitiram visualizar a oferta de escolas públicas por município do Estado, os níveis de ensino ofertados, se fundamental e/ou médio, a quantidade de alunos matriculados, a quantidade de professores por município, bem como estimar que o quantitativo humano que está em ensino/trabalho remoto devido a pandemia de Coronavírus durante o ano de 2020 se aproxima entre 16% e 23% da população do Estado de Santa Catarina, ou seja, entre 1.164.290 e 1.671.241 pessoas.
Video 1: Insect symmetry and anatomy
Authors: Schudel Ingrid
Published: September 2020

Intended audience: Year three primary school teachers and learners

This video is designed to support cross-curriculum teaching for third year primary school learners. The video illustrates how you can use a template showing the left side of an insect and plant material from the garden to build a complete insect.

It is linked to the school curriculum in the following ways:
• Mathematics: Teaching about lines of symmetry
• Life Skills: Science: Teaching about insect anatomy (head, thorax, abdomen, wings and legs attached to thorax). ‘Observation’ is another important element of Life Skills supported in this activity