bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le voyage de Madame Cradock en France (1783-1786) : salubrité et conditions de sommeil
Authors: Garnier Guillaume
Published: November 2014

Dans les récits de voyages en France au xviiie siècle, la question des conditions
d’accueil est souvent évoquée, et elle apparaît comme une
préoccupation aussi importante que la qualité de transport. À ce
titre, les femmes ont été des fines plumes dans l’art de la
description des intérieurs français qui accueillent des sommeils
passagers. Malheureusement, c’est souvent l’amertume et la déception
qui dominent quand ces femmes, aristocrates pour la plupart, se
trouvent confrontées à des douloureuses expériences : promiscuité,
saleté, cohabitation forcée, présence de nuisibles… Ce sont ces
expériences que nous raconte Madame Cradock dans son journal à la fin
du xviiie siècle.
Les conditions de voyage des pèlerins sous l’Ancien Régime
Authors: Maes Bruno
Published: November 2014

Une gravure sur cuivre de Jacques Callot résume
l’identité des pèlerins de l’époque moderne, en insistant sur son
aspect statique. Pourtant, la réalité est plus complexe. Certes de
tout temps le pèlerinage est une rupture avec le quotidien, pour
marcher vers un sanctuaire où l’on espère obtenir un bienfait. Mais à
l’époque moderne, en particulier au temps des controverses
(1560-1660), la géographie des pèlerinages change et les sanctuaires
des frontières de catholicité augmentent leur rayonnement. Au moment
où l’État absolutiste poursuit sa construction avec les moyens
restreints dont elle dispose, la monarchie y est plus présente, et les
élites l’accompagnent. À la même époque la réforme catholique issue du
concile de Trente permet une intériorisation de la vie spirituelle.
Tel est le cas à Saumur de Notre-Dame-des-Ardilliers, comme dans
d’autres endroits. Ainsi le temps de la réforme catholique aura
beaucoup changé l’image des pèlerins de l’Ancien Régime. Certes les
rites préchrétiens continuent d’exister, mais la révolution
spirituelle catholique des années 1590-1620, stimulée par l’essor du
protestantisme dans des lieux comme Saumur, a permis au pèlerinage de
changer de statut : d’une dévotion partagée, elle se hisse au rang des
élites au xviie siècle,
et devient un temps de retraite spirituelle.
Voyager en Méditerranée aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles
Authors: Brizay François
Published: November 2014

Les relations de voyage rédigées et publiées aux
xvie et xviie siècles donnent des
renseignements sur les conditions matérielles des voyages effectués en
terre chrétienne et/ou musulmane. Leurs auteurs évoquent la gestion
quotidienne du transport, du logement et de l’alimentation, les
formalités et les aléas du voyage, et les dangers qu’il fallait
parfois affronter. La traversée de la Méditerranée et le pèlerinage en
Terre sainte exposaient en effet le voyageur aux gênes de la
promiscuité à bord, aux désagréments de la chaleur et au risque d’être
capturé en mer par des corsaires. Mais les bakchichs, l’inconfort des
auberges et la maladie ne dissuadaient pas de voyager les dévots et
les curieux qui voulaient aller prier à Jérusalem ou visiter les
collections de peintures du pape et des cardinaux.
Which E-Lifestyle Avoids Internet Advertising More?
Authors: Koshksaray Amir Abedini , Hanzaee Kambiz Heidarzadeh
Published: November 2014

This study aimed at finding out which e-lifestyles avoid internet advertising more. To this aim, a survey was conducted on 412 students working with internet. Structural Equation Modeling approach was used for estimating the validity of research constructs and multiple regression was utilized for hypothesis testing. According to the findings, individuals with interest-driven e-lifestyle avoid from internet advertising more than others. Novelty-driven, importance-driven, sociability-driven, need-driven, entertainment-driven, and uninterested or concern-driven e-lifestyles avoid from internet advertising, respectively. This study has considered e-lifestyle's avoidance from internet advertising for the first time. It is the first attempt to investigate which e-lifestyle avoids internet advertising more. Also, it is the first study modifying research data according to the significant effect of “the average hours of using internet” and controlling and analyzing the effect of this variable.
The Effectiveness of Website Quality and SEMs' Successful in Iran
Authors: Hasanabad Hamideh Mokhtari , Behboudi Leila , Abtahi Masumeh Sadat
Published: November 2014

By providing the technological infrastructure, small and medium-sized companies are trying to use technology to provide customer satisfaction and gain profit more. In this context, this study examines the role of website quality among small and medium enterprises. In this study, a content analysis of over 35 international studies, 27 of the key variables were identified in five main categories. The main factors were namely; quality of content, quality of service, operational efficiency, long- term, short-term operational efficiency and technical quality. In this study, the authors have reported the managerial implications of each factor to give a hand to businessmen to improve their websites.
Carp Il10 Has Anti-Inflammatory Activities on Phagocytes, Promotes Proliferation of Memory T Cells, and Regulates B Cell Differentiation and Antibody Secretion
Authors: Piazzon M. Carla , Savelkoul Huub F. J. , Pietretti Danilo , Wiegertjes Geert F. , Forlenza Maria
Published: November 2014

In the current study, we investigated the effects of carp Il10 on phagocytes and lymphocytes. Carp Il10 shares several prototypical inhibitory activities on phagocytes with mammalian IL-10, including deactivation of neutrophils and macrophages, as shown by inhibition of oxygen and nitrogen radical production, as well as reduced expression of proinflammatory genes and mhc genes involved in Ag presentation. Similar to mammalian IL-10, carp Il10 acts through a signaling pathway involving phosphorylation of Stat3, ultimately leading to the early upregulation of socs3 expression. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the effects of Il10 on lymphocytes in fish. Although Il10 did not affect survival and proliferation of T cells from naive animals, it greatly promoted survival and proliferation of T cells in cultures from immunized animals, but only when used in combination with the immunizing Ag. Preliminary gene expression analysis suggests that, under these circumstances, carp Il10 stimulates a subset of CD8+ memory T cells while downregulating CD4+ memory Th1 and Th2 responses. In addition to the regulatory effect on T cells, carp Il10 stimulates proliferation, differentiation, and Ab secretion by IgM+ B cells. Overall, carp Il10 shares several prototypical activities with mammalian IL-10, including downregulation of the inflammatory response of phagocytes, stimulation of proliferation of subsets of memory T lymphocytes, and proliferation, differentiation, and Ab secretion by IgM+ B lymphocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive analysis of biological activities of fish Il10 on both phagocytes and lymphocytes showing functional conservation of several properties of Il10.
Student nurses’ perceptions of guidance and support in rural hospitals
Authors: Rikhotso Steppies R. , Williams Martha J.S. , De Wet Gedina
Published: November 2014

Background: Clinical guidance and support of nursing students in rural hospitals is a challenge for novice nurses, who rotate amongst accredited hospitals throughout the province for clinical exposure, and fid themselves in an unfamiliar environment. Theory learned at the training college is integrated with clinical exposure at hospitals and supplemented through teaching by hospital staff. Nursing students complain about lack of support and guidance from professional nurses within the hospital, some feeling restricted in execution of their nursing tasks by professional nurses and other staff. Students perceived negative attitudes from clinical staff, a lack of clinical resources, inadequate learning opportunities and a lack of support and mentoring during their clinical exposure.Objectives: This article describes perceptions of guidance and support of nursing students by professional nurses in a rural hospital and suggests guidelines for clinical guidance and support of nursing students.Method: A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was used. Two focus group interviews were employed to collect data from a sample drawn from level II nursing students from one training college in Limpopo Province, South Africa, on different days (n = 13; n = 10). Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse data.Results: Three themes (mutual distrust and disrespect, hospital environment, and clinical guidance and support) and subthemes (student behaviour and staff behaviour) emerged.Conclusion: Failure to support and guide nursing students professionally may lead to high turnover and absenteeism, resulting in students’ refusal to be allocated to a rural hospital for clinical exposure. Proposed guidelines have been formulated for clinical guidance and support of nursing students at the selected rural hospital. The college and hospital management should foster collaboration between the college tutors and professional nurses to ensure adequateguidance and support of nursing students.
Acute bilateral isolated foot drop: Report of two cases
Authors: Kertmen H , Gürer B , Yimaz E , Sekerci Z
Published: November 2014

Foot drop is defined as the weakness of the foot and ankle dorsiflexion. Acute unilateral foot drop is a well-documented entity, whereas bilateral foot drop is rarely documented. Slowly progressing bilateral foot drop may occur with various metabolic causes, parasagittal intracranial pathologies, and cauda equina syndrome. Acute onset of bilateral foot drop due to disc herniation is extremely rare. Here we present two cases of acute bilateral foot drop due to disc herniation. The first patient was a 45-year-old man presented with acute bilateral foot drop, without any sign of the cauda equina syndrome. Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging of the patient revealed L4-5 disc herniation. To our knowledge, this is the first presented case of acute bilateral foot drop without any signs of cauda equina syndrome caused by L4-5 disc herniation. The second patient was a 50-year-old man who was also presented with acute bilateral foot drop, and had T12-L1 disc herniation with intradural extension. Also this is the first presented case of T12-L1 disc herniation with intradural extension causing acute bilateral foot drop. We performed emergent decompressive laminectomy to both of the patients and extrude disc materials were excised. Both of the patients were recovered with favorable outcome.
A case of symptomatic synchronous cervical and cerebellar metastasis after resection of thoracal metastasis from temporal glioblastoma multiforme without any local recurrence
Authors: Karatas Yasar , Cengiz Sahika , Ustun Mehmet
Published: November 2014

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and the most malignant primary intracranial tumor in adults and it is usually occurs between the age of 40 and 60 years. It is local invasive and recurrent tumor and hence that has a poor prognosis. However, recent advances in tumor surgery, irradiation and chemotherapeutic agent permit long survival and metastasis which is symptomatic. Previously studies reported spinal metastasis, but we report a first case of synchronous symptomatic cerebellar and cervical spinal metastasis after resection of symptomatic thoracic spinal metastasis from temporal GBM without any recurrence of excision areas.
Perioperative concerns in neurosurgical patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Agarwal Jyotsna , Ganjoo Pragati , Hansda Upendra , Sharma Megha , Tandon Monica , Singh Daljit
Published: November 2014

Background: The perioperative management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients undergoing neurosurgery is challenging due to the presence of HIV-related multi-system derangements, opportunistic infections and malignancies, history of substance abuse, and adverse effects of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), together with the inherent risks of neurosurgery. The possible adverse impact of HIV disease on the anesthetic outcome due to the associated co-morbidities, and conversely, the role of surgery and anesthesia in HIV disease progression due to their immunosuppressive effects, and also, the fear of HIV transmission among the attending medical personnel are the important perioperative concerns in such surgeries. Aim: To present our experience in the perioperative management of HIV-infected patients who underwent neurosurgery at our institute in the past 5 years and highlight the relevant perioperative issues. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the records of HIV-infected neurosurgical patients was undertaken to determine their HIV status and ART, anesthesia and surgery details, perioperative complications, and instances of postoperative worsening of HIV disease or its transmission, if any. Results: Seven HIV infected patients with variable severity of HIV infection and systemic disease underwent neurosurgery for different indications. Their perioperative management was modified in accordance with the co-morbidities and the type of neurosurgery. There was no obvious adverse impact of the HIV disease on the anesthetic outcome, no obvious clinical evidence of post-surgery worsening of the HIV disease, and no instance of HIV transmission in our patients. Conclusion: A goodunderstanding of the HIV disease and its perioperative implications during neurosurgery helps in better patient management and enables a safe outcome.
Subdural actinomycoma presenting as recurrent chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Ismail N , Bot G , Sahabi S , Aliu S , Usman B , Shilong D , Obande J , Shehu B
Published: November 2014

Actimomycosis is a rare chronic bacterial infection of the central nervous system, and subdural actinomycoma is extremely rare. This case report brings to bear an uncommon association between subdural actinomycosis with chronic subdural hematoma. Subdural actinomycoma may present as a diagnostic conundrum and could be mistaken radiologically for either a subdural hematoma or an empyaema.
Intracerebellar haemorrage in a haemophilia child
Authors: Senapati Satya , Mishra Sudhansu , Dhir Manmath , Das Srikanta
Published: November 2014

Hemophilia A is an inherited, X-linked, recessive disorder caused by deficiency of clotting factor VIII. Intracranial hemorrhage is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Use of factor replacement products and medications had improved outcome in these patients. But in developing countries many such patients are not able to afford factor replacement products. We report a case of traumatic intracerebellar hemorrage in a hemophilia child. This child presented to us as a case of sub-acute intracerebellar hemorrage, he was managed conservatively with six units of fresh frozen plasma transfusion. He improved clinically and on follow-up investigation hematoma was found to have dissolved spontaneously. Through this report we want to emphasize that those cases of hemophilia presenting with acute or sub-acute intracranial bleed, conservative approach through procoagulant transfusion and intravenous fibrinolysis inhibitors should be tried as first line of management. Before daring for surgery sufficient amount of factor replacement should be kept available.
Recurrence of spinal schwannoma: Is it preventable?
Authors: Senapati Satya , Mishra Sudhansu , Dhir Manmath , Patnaik Ashis , Panigrahi Souvagya
Published: November 2014

Spinal schwannomas account for about 25% of primary intradural spinal cord tumors in adult. The prognosis for spinal schwannomas is excellent in most cases. Complete resection is curative. However following subtotal removal, recurrence develops after several years. We describe a case of recurrent spinal schwannoma who had been operated twice before for same disease. The possible cause of recurrence and difficulties in reoperation are discussed.
Third ventricular tuberculoma mimicking as a tumor: Report of a very rare case
Authors: Sharma Gopal , Kaushal Prashant , Vaidya Bivek , Kumar Pawan
Published: November 2014

Intracranial tuberculoma is a common neurosurgical problem in developing countries; however, intraventricular tuberculoma is a rare entity. Here, we report a rare case of third ventricular tuberculoma in a 21-year-old girl who presented with features of raised intracranial pressure. Radiological findings and management of third ventricular tuberculoma would be discussed and literature regarding such lesions will be reviewed.
Ossification of ligamentum flavum, a rare cause of myelopathy: First case report of a Lebanese patient
Authors: El Helou Antonios , Alaywan Moussa , Tarabay Antonio , Nachanakian Antoine
Published: November 2014

Ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a well-known pathology causing myelopathy, although it is a rare disease. The most commonly affected population is from the Far East and mainly Japanese. However, few reports and studies have shown the prevalence of the disease all over the world. We report the case of a 33-year-old man presenting with signs of progressive myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed Th2-Th11 OLF with severe narrowing and intramedullary hypersignal at the level Th2-Th3. This is the first Lebanese case reported in the literature. A decompressive laminectomy with flavectomy was done. This case adds to the previous reported cases on the occurrence of the disease in different populations.
Tuberculosis of spine: An experience of 30 cases over two years
Authors: Patankar Amey
Published: November 2014

Objective: Tuberculosis of spine is still a very common condition in India. Here, the results of 30 cases of tuberculosis of spine treated in SSG Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, in the last two years, are reviewed. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients with tuberculosis of spine were treated in SSG Hospital in the last two years. They were classified into three groups, based on the GATA, GATA = Gulhane Askeri Tip Akademisi (Gulhane Military Medical Academy) classification for spinal tuberculosis, with few modifications. Their neurologic status was evaluated by the Frankel's grading. All the patients were started on four drug anti-tuberculosis medication given every alternate day as per the DOTS and RNTCP program of the Government of India for 6 months. Patients in group 1 were treated by bed rest, analgesics, and antituberculous drugs after confirmation of the diagnosis by CT-guided biopsy. Patients in group 2 were treated by surgical of USG-guided aspiration of abscesses followed by full course of antituberculous drugs. Twenty-one patients in group 3 underwent surgery. A single-stage anterior decompression and anterior fixation was done in all the cases. Results: All the nine patients in group I and 2 responded well to medical management and were cured of the disease. Out of the 21 operated patients, 19 had significant improvement in neurological status and return to their normal activities. The first operated patient died. The neurological status of one patient did not improve till 1 month after surgery and was lost to follow-up. Thus, 100% of group 1 and 2 patients were cured of the disease and 90% of group 3 patients had good neurological recovery. Conclusions: If treated timely and adequately, the outcome for tuberculosis of spine is relatively good. Anterolateral approach to the spine with decompression and fixation gives good result with respect to neurological function.
Our technique of midsagittal splitting laminoplasty for compressive cervical myelopathy and its short-term results
Authors: Srivastava Niraj , Singh Sunita , Chauhan Shishu , Gopal Nitya
Published: November 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to discuss the technique of midsagittal splitting laminoplasty and to compare its short-term follow-up results with laminectomy in cases of compressive cervical spinal cord myelopathy. Materials and Methods: Exclusion criteria were as follows: Intramedullary compressive lesions, kyphotic cervical spine, previous spinal surgeries, and defective anterior vertebral column. Twenty patients (10 each of laminoplasty and laminectomy groups) were prospectively studied from 2005 to 2008. After clinico-radiological assessment, laminoplasty or laminectomy was performed in patients aged <50 years and >50 years, respectively. The laminoplasty was performed by splitting the excised lamina in midline up to the tip of spinous process. Follow-up was done by neurosurgical cervical spine scoring, Nurick's grading, and the final outcome was determined by Odom's criteria. Results: The mean operative time and blood loss in laminoplasty and laminectomy was 100 ± 0.87 (range 90-140 min), 80 ± 0.67 (range 75-100 min) P = 0.04; and 65 ± 0.07 (range 60-90 ml) and 68 ± 0.61 (range 65-80 ml) P = 0.09, respectively. There were no intraoperative accidents, and no postoperative neurological deterioration/recurrence of symptoms. One patient who underwent laminectomy alone developed progressive kyphosis of the spine, whereas one having rheumatoid arthritis and long symptom duration didn't improve. 85% (17/20 patients) had sustained excellent to fair outcome (improvement by at least one Nurick's grade). Conclusions: The technique used by us was simple, effective, and inexpensive. There was no minimal postoperative morbidity, although long-term results are awaited.
Lateral ventricular gliosarcoma with attachment to septum pellucidum
Authors: Salunke Pravin , Singh Harnarayan , Vaiphei Kim
Published: November 2014

Gliosarcomas are lesions with both glial and sarcomatous elements and are usually seen abutting the dura. Intraventricular location is extremely rare. Such an unusual intraventricular gliosarcoma is being reported.
Transorbital penetrating brain injury by a wooden stick: A neuro-ophthalmologic emergency
Authors: Behera Sanjay , Panigrahi Souvagya , Mishra Sudhansu , Senapati Satya
Published: November 2014

Accidental penetrating brain injury through transorbital route is an unusual occurrence in emergency practice of civilian cases. At time, it could be potentially life threatening. We report an interesting case of transorbital penetrating brain injury with a wooden stick in a 44-year-old male epileptic patient. The stick was removed successfully through transorbital exploration, without any neurovascular complications. The pertinent literature is reviewed and emergent management of such cases is discussed.
A rare case of congenital glioblastoma with atypical presentation in an eleven month-old infant: Case report with review of literature
Authors: Prasad Vangala , Rajesh Alugolu , Purohit Aniruddh , Uppin Megha
Published: November 2014

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. The occurrence of this entity in infants is a rarity and portends a uniform dismal prognosis and survival in spite of all the latest available management options. The authors herein report a case of a GBM in an 11 month-old infant with tumor involving predominantly the left temporal and frontal regions who expired 10 weeks after tumor decompression. Literature and available management options have been reviewed in the context of the presented case.
Spatial and temporal variability of sources of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in California
Authors: Hasheminassab S. , Daher N. , Saffari A. , Wang D. , Ostro B. D. , Sioutas C.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. To identify major sources of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5, dp < 2.5 μm) and quantify their contributions in the state of California, a positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model was applied on Speciation Trends Network (STN) data, collected between 2002 and 2007 at eight distinct sampling locations, including El Cajon, Rubidoux, Los Angeles, Simi Valley, Bakersfield, Fresno, San Jose, and Sacramento. Between five to nine sources of fine PM were identified at each sampling site, several of which were common among multiple locations. Secondary aerosols, including secondary ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, were the most abundant contributor to ambient PM2.5 mass at all sampling sites, except for San Jose, with an annual average cumulative contribution of 26 to 63%, across the state. On an annual average basis, vehicular emissions (including both diesel and gasoline vehicles) were the largest primary source of fine PM at all sampling sites in southern California (17–18% of total mass), whereas in Fresno and San Jose, biomass burning was the most dominant primary contributor to ambient PM2.5 (27 and 35% of total mass, respectively), in general agreement with the results of previous source apportionment studies in California. In Bakersfield and Sacramento, vehicular emissions and biomass burning displayed relatively equal annual contributions to ambient PM2.5 mass (12 and 25%, respectively). Other commonly identified sources at all sites included aged and fresh sea salt and soil, which contributed to 0.5–13%, 2–27%, and 1–19% of the total mass, respectively, across all sites and seasons. In addition, a few minor sources were identified exclusively at some of the sites (e.g., chlorine sources, sulfate-bearing road dust, and different types of industrial emissions). These sources overall accounted for a small fraction of the total PM mass across the sampling locations (1 to 15%, on an annual average basis).
A one year comparison of 482 MHz radar wind profiler, RS92-SGP Radiosonde and 1.5 μm Doppler Lidar wind measurements
Authors: Päschke E. , Leinweber R. , Lehmann V.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. We present the results of a one-year quasi-operational testing of the 1.5 μm StreamLine Doppler lidar developed by Halo Photonics from 2 October 2012 to 2 October 2013. The system was configured to continuously perform a velocity-azimuth display (VAD) scan pattern using 24 azimuthal directions with a constant beam elevation angle of 75°. Radial wind estimates were selected using a rather conservative signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based threshold of −18.2 dB (0.015). A 30 min average wind vector was calculated based on the assumption of a horizontally homogeneous wind field through a singular-value decomposed Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse of the overdetermined linear system. A strategy for a quality control of the retrieved wind vector components is outlined which is used to ensure consistency between the retrieved winds and the assumptions inherent to the employed wind vector retrieval. Finally, the lidar measurements are compared with operational data from a collocated 482 MHz radar wind profiler running in a four-beam Doppler beam swinging (DBS) mode and winds from operational radiosonde measurements. The intercomparisons show that the Doppler lidar is a reliable system for operational wind measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL).
Environmental factors controlling lake diatom communities: a meta-analysis of published data
Authors: Blanco S.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Diatoms play a key role in the development of quantitative methods for environmental reconstruction in lake ecosystems. Diatom-based calibration datasets developed during the last decades allow the inference of past limnological variables such as TP, pH or conductivity and provide information on the autecology and distribution of diatom taxa. However, little is known about the relationships between diatoms and climatic or geographic factors. The response of surface sediment diatom assemblages to abiotic factors is usually examined using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and subsequent forward selection of variables based on Monte Carlo permutation tests that show the set of predictors best explaining the distributions of diatom species. The results reported in 40 previous studies using this methodology in different regions of the world are re-analyzed in this paper. Bi- and multivariate statistics (canonical correlation and two-block partial least-squares) were used to explore the correspondence between physical, chemical and physiographical factors and the variables that explain most of the variance in the diatom datasets. Results show that diatom communities respond mainly to chemical variables (pH, nutrients) with lake depth being the most important physiographical factor. However, the relative importance of certain parameters varied along latitudinal and trophic gradients. Canonical analyses demonstrated a strong concordance with regard to the predictor variables and the amount of variance they captured, suggesting that, on a broad scale, lake diatoms give a robust indication of past and present environmental conditions.
Verification of a non-hydrostatic dynamical core using the horizontal spectral element method and vertical finite difference method: 2-D aspects
Authors: Choi S.-J. , Giraldo F. X. , Kim J. , Shin S.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The non-hydrostatic (NH) compressible Euler equations for dry atmosphere were solved in a simplified two-dimensional (2-D) slice framework employing a spectral element method (SEM) for the horizontal discretization and a finite difference method (FDM) for the vertical discretization. By using horizontal SEM, which decomposes the physical domain into smaller pieces with a small communication stencil, a high level of scalability can be achieved. By using vertical FDM, an easy method for coupling the dynamics and existing physics packages can be provided. The SEM uses high-order nodal basis functions associated with Lagrange polynomials based on Gauss–Lobatto–Legendre (GLL) quadrature points. The FDM employs a third-order upwind-biased scheme for the vertical flux terms and a centered finite difference scheme for the vertical derivative and integral terms. For temporal integration, a time-split, third-order Runge–Kutta (RK3) integration technique was applied. The Euler equations that were used here are in flux form based on the hydrostatic pressure vertical coordinate. The equations are the same as those used in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, but a hybrid sigma–pressure vertical coordinate was implemented in this model. We validated the model by conducting the widely used standard tests: linear hydrostatic mountain wave, tracer advection, and gravity wave over the Schär-type mountain, as well as density current, inertia–gravity wave, and rising thermal bubble. The results from these tests demonstrated that the model using the horizontal SEM and the vertical FDM is accurate and robust provided sufficient diffusion is applied. The results with various horizontal resolutions also showed convergence of second-order accuracy due to the accuracy of the time integration scheme and that of the vertical direction, although high-order basis functions were used in the horizontal. By using the 2-D slice model, we effectively showed that the combined spatial discretization method of the spectral element and finite difference methods in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, offers a viable method for development of an NH dynamical core.
Assessing residential building values in Spain for risk analyses – application to the landslide hazard in the Autonomous Community of Valencia
Authors: Cantarino I. , Torrijo F. J. , Palencia S. , Gielen E.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. This paper proposes a method of valuing the stock of residential buildings in Spain as the first step in assessing possible damage caused to them by natural hazards. For the purposes of the study we had access to the SIOSE (the Spanish Land Use and Cover Information System), a high-resolution land-use model, as well as to a report on the financial valuations of this type of building throughout Spain. Using dasymetric disaggregation processes and GIS techniques we developed a geolocalized method of obtaining this information, which was the exposure variable in the general risk assessment formula. Then, with the application over a hazard map, the risk value can be easily obtained. An example of its application is given in a case study that assesses the risk of a landslide in the entire 23 200 km2 of the Valencia Autonomous Community (NUT2), the results of which are analysed by municipal areas (LAU2) for the years 2005 and 2009.
Hydrologic sensitivity of flood runoff and inundation: 2011 Thailand floods in the Chao Phraya River basin
Authors: Sayama T. , Tatebe Y. , Iwami Y. , Tanaka S.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Thailand floods in 2011 caused an unprecedented economic damage in the Chao Phraya River basin. To diagnose the flood hazard characteristics, this study analyzes the hydrologic sensitivity of flood runoff and inundation to rainfall. The motivation is to address why the seemingly insignificant monsoon rainfall, or 1.2 times more rainfall than past large floods including the ones in 1995 and 2006, resulted in such a devastating flooding. To quantify the hydrologic sensitivity, this study simulated a long-term rainfall-runoff and inundation for the entire river basin (160 000 km2). The simulation suggested that the flood inundation volume in 2011 was 1.6 times more than past flood events. Furthermore the elasticity index suggested that 1% increase in rainfall causes 2.3% increase in runoff and 4.2% increase in flood inundation. This study highlights the importance of sensitivity quantification for better understanding of flood hazard characteristics; and the presented approach is effective for the analysis at large river basins.
Patient Satisfaction and Clinical Results at a Mean Eight Years following BHR Arthroplasty: Results from a District General Hospital
Authors: Sandiford Nemandra A. , Ahmed Syed , Doctor Cyrus , East Debra J. , Miles Kim , Apthorp Hugh D.
Published: November 2014

We present the clinical and radiological results of a prospective study of a consecutive series of patients treated with the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) prosthesis between 1999 and 2006 and followed for six to 12 years.

Patients were reviewed preoperatively and six, 12, 26 and 52 weeks postoperatively and annually thereafter. They were assessed clinically and radiographically and the Merle d'Aubigne Postel and Oxford Hip scores were calculated at each visit. A SF-36 form assessed general health. Patient satisfaction was assessed by a Visual Analogue Score. Kaplan Meier survival analysis was performed.

One hundred and seven patients (109 hips) were included (45 males, 62 females). Median age was 44 years. Mean follow-up was 97.4 months. Median preoperative Merle d'Aubigne Postel and Oxford hip scores were 10 (3-14) and 42 (26-55) respectively. Median SF36 score was 29 (0-65) and patients rated their level of pain as 7.7 on a scale of 0-10 (10 being the worst score).

At final follow-up, median MDP and OHS scores were 17 (16-18) and 25 (12-46). Median SF36 score was 72 (27-97).

Seven revisions were performed in six females and one male patient. Survival was 96.2% with revision for any reason as the end point. No revisions were performed in the group with hip dysplasia.

The BHR prosthesis provides pain relief, high levels of patient satisfaction and improvement of function and well being in the medium-term. Failures occurred primarily in the female group.
In Vitro Glucose Kinetics during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Implications for Caloric Balance in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Stevenson James M. , Heung Michael , Vilay A. Mary , Eyler Rachel F. , Patel Chirag , Mueller Bruce A.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

To examine the impact of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on glucose kinetics and therefore caloric balance.

Methods

In vitro experiments were conducted to characterize glucose kinetics in a variety of CRRT modalities and prescriptions. Additional experiments evaluated the impact of citrate anticoagulation using anti-coagulant dextrose solution A (ACD-A) on CRRT glucose movement. A formula was developed to predict the glucose delivery to/from the patient per day of CRRT, and this data was extrapolated to determine the net caloric impact of CRRT.

Results

A total of 104 experiments were conducted with an overall glucose extraction coefficient of 1.04 (95% CI 1.03-1.05). CRRT-related glucose removal was directly related to effluent (dialysate and/or hemofiltration) rate and pre-filter blood glucose concentration, and inversely related to dialysis solution glucose concentration. In all modalities tested, CRRT resulted in a net negative glucose balance, with estimated caloric losses ranging between 20 kcal and 550 kcal depending on the conditions tested. The addition of ACD-A resulted in net glucose delivery in some conditions and a positive caloric balance of up to 470 kcal per day.

Conclusions

CRRT can have a significant effect on glucose balance and result in either significant daily caloric gains or losses, and this effect can be predicted based on CRRT prescription and patient characteristics. Clinicians should be aware of this potential impact when prescribing nutritional therapy to patients undergoing CRRT, as an imbalance in caloric feeding can adversely affect outcomes in critically ill patients.
A Survey of Membrane Oxygenator Heat - Exchanger Integrity Testing at Cardiac Surgery Centres in Great Britain and Ireland
Authors: Carlton Matthew , Campbell John
Published: November 2014

Membrane oxygenator heat exchanger (HE) device failure is reported to be very low for both short-and long-term extracorporeal devices. All oxygenator manufacturers provide instructions for leak testing of their HE devices prior to patient use. In addition to these recommendations, since 2006 at Nottingham University Hospitals (NUH) we have also additionally pressure tested HE devices prior to use.

We conducted a national survey of cardiac centers in Great Britain and Ireland to determine the methods undertaken in individual centers for validation of the integrity of HE devices. Furthermore, we also collected information on the routine maintenance techniques utilized within these centers to inhibit microbial growth in the water used in the heater-cooler units (HCUs).

In total, 34 responses were collected from the 57 centers performing cardiac surgery, producing a response rate of 60%. Of the responding centers, 71% are adhering to manufacturer's recommended guidelines of circulating the water through the device for 5 minutes. Of these centers, 17% reported detecting a leak between the HE and membrane compartment of the oxygenator. In responding centers, 29% reported using the pressure test technique. In the centers utilizing pressure testing, 60% reported detecting a leak.

This survey reports an association of a greater HE leak detection rate using the pressure test technique compared to using water testing in isolation (p = 0.034). We believe the pressure testing method provides the perfusionist with confidence in the integrity of the HE for short- and long-term circulatory support devices prior to use in both elective and emergency situations.
La madurez del sector de seguridad privada en España: Análisis de su evolución legislativa
Authors: Giménez-Salinas Framis Andrea
Published: November 2014

En este artículo se analiza la evolución legislativa del sector de la seguridad privada en España, en los últimos veinte años. En primer lugar, se realiza un análisis de la génesis de la ley de 1992 sobre seguridad privada, evaluando el contexto social y las razones que generaron la necesidad de una legislación. Posteriormente, se evaluará el contexto social y la evolución del sector durante los últimos 20 años para valorar la nueva Ley de Seguridad Privada promulgada en 2014. Esta comparación permitirá identificar la filosofía inspiradora de cada una de estas normas y delimitar el lugar que ocupa el sector de la seguridad privada en la gestión de la seguridad ciudadana en España. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v4i1.1555
El gasto público en servicios de seguridad privada en El Salvador: aproximación descriptiva preliminar
Authors: Lopez Ramírez Augusto Rigoberto
Published: November 2014

Es un estudio descriptivo sobre los costos que tiene el Estado salvadoreño para financiar el gasto corriente en la contratación de servicios de seguridad privada. Esto se relaciona con la situación de las finanzas públicas y las implicaciones securitarias del cuido de instalaciones públicas por empresas privadas. Se realizó una recolección institucional de datos de la que resultaron medidas de tendencia central descriptivas. Finalmente se concluyeperfilando el tema en sus dimensiones de relevancia y destacando otros tópicos pertinentes de investigación.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v4i1.1582
Vigilar y castigar: Nacimiento de la prisión
Authors: Samayoa Herrera Claudia María
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v4i1.1585Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 4(1) 2014: 343-351
Evidencias de una ocupación temporal por parte del desmán ibérico (Galemys pyrenaicus) de cursos fluviales, con una marcada estacionalidad, en el norte de Portugal
Authors: Fernández-González Ángel , García José Antonio , Menéndez Daniel , Fernández-Menéndez Diego
Published: November 2014

The population of Iberian desman of Tâmega river basin (Northern Portugal) was monitored between 2010 and 2012. The methodology was based on collecting potential desman faeces in river sections, previously selected by presenting favorable conditions, and subsequent confirmation of the specific identity by molecular techniques and by analysis of typical hairs found in them. Each river section was surveyed in two different seasonal periods: April - May, when flow level is high, and August - September, under maximum drought conditions. More than 130 river sections were surveyed, corresponding to 55 rivers and streams of different characteristics. The presence of Iberian desman was confirmed in 26 rivers, representing about 27% of the monitored river sections. Significant changes were found between the end of rainy season and the maximum of the dry season, concerning the presence of Iberian desman in certain river sections. In these cases, a dramatic decrease in the occupation was observed when comparing spring results with those of the dry season. The results suggest that in rivers with highly variable seasonal flow levels, desmans perform seasonal movements between main rivers and small tributaries, searching for adequate living conditions, movements which sometimes drive to the absence of water in river sections up to 6 km long. Even assuming that desmans living in environments subjected to marked seasonality are able to carry out large dispersive movements, the risk of extinction of small subpopulations due to severe and persistent drought is very high.
Deep water exchanges between the South China Sea and the Pacific since the last glacial period
Authors: Wan Sui , Jian Zhimin
Published: November 2014

Deep ocean circulation is widely considered as one of the important factors for increasing CO2 concentration and decreasing radiocarbon activity (Δ14C) of the atmosphere during the last deglaciation. The AMS 14C ages of benthic and planktonic foraminifers from 18 samples of Core MD05‐2904 (water depth of 2066 m) in the northern South China Sea (SCS) and 15 samples of Core MD05‐2896 (water depth of 1657 m) in the southern SCS were analyzed in this study for reconstructing the intrabasin deep oceanic processes and hence exploring the deep water exchanges between the SCS and the Pacific since the last glacial period. The results show that during the Holocene the average apparent ventilation age of deep water was younger in the southern SCS (~1350 years) than in the northern SCS (~1850 years) due to relatively strong vertical mixing and advection, consistent with modern observations. However, during the last glacial period and deglaciation the deep water was older in the southern SCS (~2050 years and ~1800 to 1200 years, respectively) than in the northern SCS (~1600 years and ~670 years, respectively), indicating reduced deep mixing and advection. Moreover, the northern SCS deep water was significantly younger during the last deglaciation than during the Holocene and the last glacial period, implying the existence of northern sourced newly formed and relatively young North Pacific deep water. Our records do not support the intrusion of anomalously 14C‐depleted deep water to the middepth of the low‐latitude western Pacific and the SCS during the “Mystery Interval” (17.5–14.5 kyr B.P.).
Wavelet‐based multiscale performance analysis: An approach to assess and improve hydrological models
Authors: Rathinasamy Maheswaran , Khosa Rakesh , Adamowski Jan , ch Sudheer , Partheepan G , Anand Jatin , Narsimlu Boini
Published: November 2014

The temporal dynamics of hydrological processes are spread across different time scales and, as such, the performance of hydrological models cannot be estimated reliably from global performance measures that assign a single number to the fit of a simulated time series to an observed reference series. Accordingly, it is important to analyze model performance at different time scales. Wavelets have been used extensively in the area of hydrological modeling for multiscale analysis, and have been shown to be very reliable and useful in understanding dynamics across time scales and as these evolve in time. In this paper, a wavelet‐based multiscale performance measure for hydrological models is proposed and tested (i.e., Multiscale Nash‐Sutcliffe Criteria and Multiscale Normalized Root Mean Square Error). The main advantage of this method is that it provides a quantitative measure of model performance across different time scales. In the proposed approach, model and observed time series are decomposed using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (known as theà trouswavelet transform), and performance measures of the model are obtained at each time scale. The applicability of the proposed method was explored using various case studies––both real as well as synthetic. The synthetic case studies included various kinds of errors (e.g., timing error, under and over prediction of high and low flows) in outputs from a hydrologic model. The real time case studies investigated in this study included simulation results of both the process‐based Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, as well as statistical models, namely the Coupled Wavelet‐Volterra (WVC), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Auto Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) methods. For the SWAT model, data from Wainganga and Sind Basin (India) were used, while for the Wavelet Volterra, ANN and ARMA models, data from the Cauvery River Basin (India) and Fraser River (Canada) were used. The study also explored the effect of the choice of the wavelets in multiscale model evaluation. It was found that the proposed wavelet‐based performance measures, namely the MNSC (Multiscale Nash‐Sutcliffe Criteria) and MNRMSE (Multiscale Normalized Root Mean Square Error), are a more reliable measure than traditional performance measures such as the Nash‐Sutcliffe Criteria (NSC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE). Further, the proposed methodology can be used to: i) compare different hydrological models (both physical and statistical models), and ii) help in model calibration.