bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling, Texturing and Lighting in CAD Applications
Authors: Pascu Nicoleta Elisabeta , Dobrescu Tiberiu
Published: January 2012

Numerous modeling techniques exist, as well as many modeling formats. Point modeling, edge loop modeling, box modeling and paint modeling are a few of the polygon modeling techniques. Polygon proxy modeling is a variation of subdivision modeling. NURBS surfaces are used extensively in industrial design, manufacturing, and the automotive industry. Texturing and lighting transforms the dull-gray denizens of the modeling world into lifelike objects. Although texturing is nothing without good lighting, good lighting is nothing without good texturing. This article presents the process of modeling, texturing, lighting and rendering a scene in 3D. It also shows how create realistic fur, and implement studio lighting to create nice and soft shadows and highlights.
Mechanical Modeling of Hemp Fibres Behaviour Using Digital Imaging Treatment
Authors: Ilczyszyn Florent , Cherouat Abel , Montay Guillaume
Published: January 2012

These last years, hemp fibres are using as reinforcement for compounds based on polymer in different industrial manufacturing for their interesting mechanical and ecological properties. The hemp fibres present a non constant cross section and complex geometry that can have a high effect on their mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of hemp fibres (Young moduli, longitudinal stress and failure strain) are rather difficult and request a specific characterization method. In this study, a micro-traction test coupled with a numerical imaging treatment and a finite elements method are used. The mechanical tensile test allows to determinate the evolution of the traction load in function of the displacement until the fibre crack. The numerical imaging allows to measure finely the hemp cross section along the fibre and aims to reconstruct a 3D hemp fibre object model from an image sequence captured by a mobile camera. And lastly, the finite elements method allows to take the real fibre geometry into consideration for the mechanical characterization using inverse optimization simplex method.
Research on Surface Treatment of Carbon Fiber and the Conductive Properties of Paper
Authors: Hu Zhi Jun
Published: January 2012

The influences of the oxidative modification, coupling treatment and dispersing agent for carbon fiber dispersion and binding properties were investigated, and the relationships of different ratio of carbon fiber with the physical strength and electrical conductivity of the paper were analyzed. Meanwhile fiber surface morphology, zeta potential and absorbance slurry were tested. The result showed that: coupling modification significantly improved the dispersion performance of carbon fiber, superior than oxidative modification, the increase of the dispersion would enhance the conductivity of carbon fiber network, the effect of CPAM was best in four kinds of surface-active agent, and 30% content of carbon fiber achieved the "percolation threshold” of conductive material.
The Characteristics Research of Spray Evaporative Condenser
Authors: Tang Zhong Hua , Xiong Mo You , Lei De Bao
Published: January 2012

Through theoretical analysis and experiment, this paper works for studying the heat transfer effect of different types condensers, combined with the advantages and disadvantages of different types of condensers, searching for the condenser which has high heat transfer efficiency and saves energy and water. Based on the experiment, we found that air through the water spray could significantly drop the air enthalpy, and increase the air enthalpy difference when it goes through the condenser. The atomization air could lessen air flow under the condition that the cooling capacity does not change, and that the compressor working pressure and fan power also would be reduced. This evaporative condensers compare with others saves much more water, reduces the coil fouling and equipment corrosion, and can improve the work reliability of the condenser
Low Power Wi-Fi(IEEE 802.11) for Mobile Sensing of the Internet of Things of Mine
Authors: Qu Li Guo , Huang You Rui , Tang Chao Li , Ling Liu Yi
Published: January 2012

Sensing Mine is the specific application of internet of things in mine. Through a variety of techniques of sensing, information transmission and processing, Sensing Mine realizes digital, visualization, and intelligent of true mine. Because mine is in the dynamic mining process, only WSN (wireless sensor network) with the characteristics of distributed, mobile, ad hoc network can be employed to realize mine information sensing. In this paper, low power Wi-Fi(IEEE 802.11)is adopted to constitute WSN, and the node of WSN is mainly consist of GS1010 which is WSN solutions of GainSpan company and other external sensor for mobile sensing of the mine information. Experiment results show that WSN based on Wi-Fi enhances the sensing ability of mine safety information, and provides real-time, reliable data for the mine disasters prediction
Research on Wet Thermal Recovery Plant Used by Air Conditioning
Authors: Li Yong An , Liu Xue Lai , Yan Jia Jia , Xing Teng
Published: January 2012

Based on the simulation Computational Fluid Dynamics method, in view of air conditioning with wet thermal recovery plant for heat and mass transfer characteristic, establishes air channels in three-dimensional laminar flow and heat transfer, mass transfer coupling process of mathematical physics model, discusses the air conditioning with wet thermal recovery plant air channels in temperature, concentration and pressure parameters such as distribution, application enthalpy efficiency analysis method to the heat transfer performance is evaluated. The results indicate that structure parameters of wet thermal recovery plant used by air conditioning play important influence for the heat transfer performance and flow resistance performance. The research conclusion provides guidance for air conditioning with wet thermal recovery plant of optimization.
The Flying Height Control with a Switched Controller for Data Storage Devices
Authors: Wu Zhi Zheng , Liu Mei
Published: January 2012

This paper considers the flying height control problem for data storage devices using a switched controller. First, a set of switched -parameterized stabilizing controllers is constructed. Then a sufficient regulation condition for the switched system is obtained, and a regulator synthesis method is derived based on solving a set of properly formulated linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the proposed regulator design method is evaluated on an experimental setup motivated by the flying height regulation problem in data storage devices
Partner Choice of Iron and Steel Logistics Alliance Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Jin Yu Ran , Zou Yan Yan , Wang Ya Dong , Gao Shan
Published: January 2012

To solve the problem of partnership choice for iron and steel logistics alliance, a method to choose cooperative partners based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation was proposed. AHP was used to construct the hierarchical structure of partner evaluating indicator and determine the corresponding weight. Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation was adopted to assess and choose partners. For verifying the method, a logistics company was analyzed as an example. The results show that this method may reduce the influence of subjective factors on the partner choice, enhance the accuracy and reliability of partner choice, and strengthen the competitiveness of iron and steel logistics alliance.
Grafting Modification of Sesbania Gum and Sizing Performance
Authors: Liu Hui Juan , Qi Rui Ling , Gao Lin , Xue Man , Shen Ding
Published: January 2012

In this study, the natural polymeric sesbania gum was modified and used as a new size for the sizing of polyester/cotton yarn (T/C yarn). Oxidative degradation of sesbania gum was carried out by using sodium hypochlorite(NaClO), resulting in chain segment with relative smaller molecular weight, then short-chain vinyl acetate was grafted onto the polymer chain of sesbania gum. The modified sesbania gum was used for sizing T/C yarn. The viscosity, thermostability of modified sesbania gum, and the breaking strength, index of hairiness, wear-resisting property of sized yarn was characterized and discussed.
Study for Fuel Management about Energy Saving Index of Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Chen Gang , Su Wei , Chen Tian Sheng
Published: January 2012

This paper analyzed the reasons why different of calorific value between coal as received and coal as fired generate. The differences of calorific value between coal as received and coal as fired of seven power generation groups were compared. Evaluation cycle, evaluation indicators and evaluation methods of the calorific value difference were proposed. It was pointed out that the new evaluation criteria would contribute to energy saving and consumption reduction of power enterprises
The Application of LTD-2100 GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) in Inspection of Concrete Structures
Authors: Xie Feng , Wang Cheng Cheng
Published: January 2012

At present, a large-scale construction of concrete structure sprout up all over china, it is imperative to inspect the concrete carefully, efficiently and accurately with portable monitoring tools as speedy bulk construction required. This paper sets out by analyzing LTD-2100 radar diagnosis waveform in concrete structure safety, and then compares the interpretation of waveform with sampling concrete examination. Eventually, the consistent result reflects the non-destructive detection method of this radar has high value, for its high resolution examination, accurate positioning defects with high efficiency and easily operates which could benefit to engineers from real-time monitoring of concrete structure quality.
Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Powdered Expanded Graphite: Adsorption Isotherms and Thermodynamics
Authors: Tan Shui Cheng , Shi Peng Hui , Su Rui Jing , Zhu Min Cong
Published: January 2012

The powdered expanded graphite (EG) was used as a porous adsorbent for the removal of the cationic dye, methylene blue (MB), from aqueous solution. The dye adsorption experiments were carried out with the bath procedure. Adsorption isotherms at different temperatures were determined and modeled with Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated and correlated with the adsorption behaviors. The effects of solution pH on the adsorption were also studied.
Experimental Study on Wear Monitoring of Marine Diesel Engine’s Piston Ring by Magnetoresistive Sensor
Authors: Chen Guo Jin , Peng Zhang Ming , Yang Jian Guo , Huang Qiao Ying
Published: January 2012

On the diesel engine’s test bed, this paper has studied the parameters regarding the diesel engine’s rotational speed, the piston ring’s width and wearing capacity and so on, and their relation with the output signal of the magnetoresistive sensor under the reverse drawing of the diesel engine. The research discovered that the piston ring’s wear and the magnetoresistive sensor’s output have the corresponding relationship. And on the oil tanker with the 6RTA52U diesel engine, the influence of the diesel engine’s operating parameters and the load situations to the magnetoresistive sensor’s output is surveyed under four kinds of different operating modes. The test result and the research conclusion provide the technical foundation for the online Wear monitoring of the large-scale marine diesel engine’s piston ring.
The Quality Management of Food Cold Chain Logistics Based on PDCA Cycle
Authors: Zhang Qing Ying , Sun Xiao Fang , Wang Chuan
Published: January 2012

Food cold chain relates to people’s life directly, and the quality management of it needs to be strengthened. In this paper, the problems in the current quality management of food cold chain logistics are analyzed. PDCA cycle and its particularities as well as specific applications in the quality management of food cold chain logistics are discussed, which are available to guarantee the security and reliability of the food cold chain effectively.
Design of Monitoring and Controlling Software of Footwear Sole Friction Based on QT
Authors: Yang Yong Jie , Lin Xian Xian , Lv Dong Hua
Published: January 2012

Slip resistance of footwear sole affects the comfort and safety of shoes directly, and slip resistance is mainly expressed by the coefficient of friction. Within a certain range, the greater the coefficient of friction, the better the slip resistance. In order to determine the safety performance of shoes, the system will obtain the coefficient of friction by measuring the tension and pressure put on shoes, so it’s very important to do the measurement precisely. Based on QT development environment and Monitoring-controlling System of footwear sole friction, the software will execute real-time receiving, processing, controlling, displaying, drawing and saving collected data of tension and pressure via serial communication and finally on the basis of the system test to verify the correctness of the software and measurement accuracy
Effect of Replacement of Fe2+ by Co2+ in W-Type Hexagonal Ferrite BaFe18O27 to its Electronic Properties from First Principles
Authors: Ri Chung Ho , Li Lin , Qi Yang , Kim Su Nam
Published: January 2012

Using a model in which Fe at 6g sites is assumed to be partially replaced by Co, the electronic ground structure of BaCo2Fe16O27and the origin of the electrical conductivity have been studied within framework of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) plus Hubbard U (GGA+U) calculation. Replacement of Fe at 6g site of BaFe18O27by Co causes the mixed valence states of Fe cations at 6g sites to vanish and the charge carrier density to lower. This is the main reason why both of materials reveal high electrical conductive anisotropy and the electrical resistivity of BaCo2-W is 103~104times higher than BaFe2-W.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Luminescent Characterization of Zn (II) Complex with 1,4-Bis(2’-formylphenyl)-1,4-dioxabutane Isonicotinoylhydrazone
Authors: Wang Li Hua
Published: January 2012

A aroylhydrazone Schiff-base ligand (1, 4-Bis(2’-formylphenyl)-1,4-dioxabutane isonicotinoylhydrazone) and its Zn (II) complex were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The ligand was characterized by IR spectrum, MS spectrum and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. The luminescent properties of the ligand and Zn (II) complex material have been investigated in solid and in organic solvents. The results show that the ligand has strong luminescent emission at ca. 454 nm and the fluorescence of Zn (II) complex is very weak.
Synthesis and Photoluminescent Properties of 1-Acetyl-2-naphthol -4, 4’-diaminodiphenylmethane and its Cd (II) Complex
Authors: Wang Li Hua
Published: January 2012

A Cd (II) complex with Schiff base ligand, 1-acetyl-2-naphthol-4, 4’-diaminodiphenylmethane (L), has been prepared. The photoluminescent properties of ligand and its Cd (II) complex have been investigated. The results show that the ligand and Cd (II) complex have stronger fluorescence in DMSO, however, their fluorescence are very weak in solid, in methanol and in ethanol, indicating that DMSO solvent could enhance the fluorescence of ligand and its Cd (II) complex. The Cd (II) complex is stable either in air or in organic solvents.
Application of SLP in Plant Layout Based on Low Carbon Logistics
Authors: Xiao Yan , Cheng Yun Kang , Jia Qiu Hong
Published: January 2012

With the development of low carbon economy, the low carbon of logistics industry is imperative. In order to carry out the low carbon of enterprises’ economy, the low carbon concept of logistics systems are put forward during planning stage. Combined traditional SLP layout method with the low consumption, low emission and low pollution of low logistics, a SLP improvement method based on the low carbon is given in this article. By using the improvement method and combining with the actual layout of factory, the layout of factory workshop is analyzed and designed again. As a result, the logistics condition of factory is improved greatly, its comprehensive efficiency is increased, its overall material flow rate is reduced, and its energy consumption and waste disposal is significantly slow down
Application of the Regularization Chaos Prediction Model in Aero-Engine Performance Parameters
Authors: Shi Yong Sheng , Yue Jun Jie , Song Yun Xue
Published: January 2012

Based on the research of complexity and non-linearity of aero-engine exhaust gas temperature (EGT) system, a regularization chaotic prediction model was proposed to build short time forecasting model of EGT. In this paper, in order to gain the best parameter to improve the accuracy of the forecasting model, a simple search algorithm arithmetic was adopted. The simulation analysis shows that the proposed forecasting model obviously exceeded the traditional chaotic forecasting model on prediction accuracy. Therefore, this arithmetic is efficient and feasible for a short-term prediction of aero-engine exhaust gas temperature
Calculation and Analysis Techniques of Foundation Pit Engineering Based on FLAC3D
Authors: Qiu Yu Liang , Hu Xiao Yong , Wang Zhu , Zhou Ming Yi
Published: January 2012

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional calculation methods of deep excavation, and section design programs were developed to meet the needs of foundation design and calculation with the Three-dimensional finite difference software FLAC3D. Force calculation, section design and stability analysis, and force diagram generation of support structure can be done in accordance with the requirements of different specifications by the programs. A meshing method is developed for arbitrary planar domain, and the three-dimensional stratigraphic model is established. Considering the interaction between soil and structure, the force and deformation of supporting structure and ground settlement can be accurately calculated. The results can provide a useful assistance for design and can also be used as the basis for scientific analysis
The Design and Calculation of an Underwater Carrier’s Hood Separation
Authors: Li Tao , Song Bao Wei
Published: January 2012

Underwater carrier usually contains an aircraft. The Separation of its hood is designed to clear the flight channel for the aircraft which is carried. So it requires high rapidity, reliability and safety. Based on the analysis of its design requirements and influencing factors, puts forward a separation mode of linear cumulative blasting cutting whose collocation is circumferential and radial. And establishes the dynamic equations of the hood separation to describe the property of hood separation and forecast the trajectory of separated body. Example results show the correctness of the calculation model. This work could provide theoretical support for the design of underwater carrier
Bioinformatics Analysis of the Complete Nucleotide Sequence of the Duck Enteritis Virus (DEV) US2 Gene
Authors: Gao Jie , Cheng An Chun , Wang Ming Shu
Published: January 2012

It is generally recognised that bioinformatics analysis plays a important role in the study of genes and proteins. Here in this article we intend to report some bioinformation about the nucleotide sequence of DEV(Duck virus enteritis）US2 gene.We used DNAstar7.1 software、Primer5.0 and some online websites (e.g.NCBI、BepiPred)to analysis the potential bioinformation in nucleotide of this gene. These results indicated that DEV should be placed in a single cluster within the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae,and nucleotide sequence of DEV-CHv US2 have 100% similarities with other six strains of DEV US2 gene sequences with sequence alignment and so on.To date,little information on DEV US2 gene has been found,so we provide some materials information for further research.
Common Breakdowns Analysis and Processing Measures on Frequency Inverter
Authors: Hu Xue Mei , Liu Yi Zhu
Published: January 2012

Frequency inverter is more and more widely applied in Industrial and agricultural production due to its superior speed adjustment and energy-saving performance. Understanding on the frequency inverter actual common faults is more and more important. In this paper, firstly, the common fault type inverter are classified, and then the formation reasons are analyzed in detail, finally common fault processing measures are presented.
End Processing of MAEAM Pair Potential for BCC Metals
Authors: Jin Hak Son , Du An
Published: January 2012

An end processing function of the pair-potential of modified analytical embedded atom method (MAEAM) was suggested for bcc metals. Through fitting the elastic constants, cohesive energy and an equilibrium condition of bcc metal crystals correctly, we changed the pair-potential parameters and the modification term parameter of the multi-body potential. The model calculations fully demonstrate the structure stabilities and the phonon dispersion curves of seven bcc transition metals: Cr, Fe, Mo, Nb, Ta, V and W.
Dynamic Routing Algorithm Based on HIP Multicast Model
Authors: Shen Xue Zhen , Tang Xin Guo
Published: January 2012

A HIP multicast mode; based dynamic multicast routing algorithm (HIPDMR) was brought out and network model was established to describe and simplify problem to be researched. HIPDMR used Bellman-Ford as routing search algorithm, which can determine dynamic multicast routing with minimum hop number and overhead while meet constraints of bandwidth, delay, jitter and packet loss rate. Simulation experiments result show that HIPDMR can build dynamic multicast routing under constraints of multiple QoS comparing with algorithms that not considering QoS assuming network node output link capacity be equal
Electrochemical Study on S2- to the Surface Passivation Film of T23 Material Used in Supercritical Unit Tubes
Authors: Lin Mu Song , Yu Fei , Su Wei , Chen Yuan
Published: January 2012

This article had studied the corrosion behavior of S2- which destroyed the surface passivation film of T23 materials in supercritical water tubes by means of electrochemistry workstation, X-ray diffraction(XRD), and Scanning electronic microscope(SEM). According to the experimental results and analysis, it can be concluded as followed: After the T23 surface formed the passivation film, T23 was eroded in the S2- solution.Finally, T23 surface pitting process entered the stable state pitting time, while the potential and the current were stable after 5000s by electrochemical noise; The T23 surface corrosion product presented the massive fragments at 150°C in autoclave experiment, its principal constituent was Fe2(SO4)3 or Fe2(SO3)3, which had direct relation with the dissolved quantity of Fe3+ and the oxygen existed in the open system.
Development of the Self-Motion Advanced Hydraulic Support Based on the Virtual Prototype Technology
Authors: Li Xia
Published: January 2012

Virtual prototype technology is a digital design method which can avoid the deficiency of the conventional method. The paper presents the application Virtual Prototype technology to the development of the Self-motion Advanced Hydraulic Support. The structure of the Virtual Prototype system is first introduced, then the functions of the subsystems are specified, and integrated mode of subsystem and ADAMS kernel are discussed. The paper realizes the development of the support on the basis of Virtual prototype technology.
Analysis of Synonymous Codon Usage in the UL14 Gene of Duck Enteritis Virus
Authors: Li Fang Jie , Cheng An Chun , Wang Ming Shu
Published: January 2012

The codon usage of DEV UL14 gene was analyzed by using CAI, CHIPS and CUSP program of EMBOSS. The results showed that codon usage bias in the DEV UL14 gene was a high level of diversity in codon usage bias towards the synonymous with C and G at the third codon position existed for coding the Glu, Gly, Asn and Tyr amino acids. The cluster analysis demonstrated that the codon usage bias of DEV UL14 gene has a very close relationship with its gene function and gene type. In addition, the E.coli expression system is more suitable for heterologous expression of the DEV UL14 gene.
Flow Control Strategy for Novel Layered Synchronous Water Injection Technology in Oilfield
Authors: Jia De Li , Wang Feng Shan , Zhang Shu Jin , Zhao Ming Xin
Published: January 2012

The layered synchronous water injection technology in oilfield has such characteristics as strong nonlinearity, interlayer interference, time variation and complex model. The traditional control strategy based on the model often causes system unstable and regulation time too long, thereby making control effect unsatisfactory. To satisfy the requirements of layered synchronous water injection technology, this paper designs a flow controller based on adaptive fuzzy control algorithm with variable universe. The universe will change with variables parameters by adjusting extension-contraction factor. The experimental verification show that the system has good control performance, strong adaptability and short measurement and regulation time with the introduction of variable universe adaptive fuzzy control algorithm into flow control system of layered synchronous water injection technology
A Fast Image Encryption by Bit-Chaotic-Shuffle Based on Chaotic Systems
Authors: Huang Chuan Kuei , Nien Hsiau Hsian , Hsu Shu Li , Tu Siang Shang
Published: January 2012

Due to rapid developments in computer networking and communi- cation technology, users have begun to use personal computers to transmit images through the internet. However, this activity puts users at risk of hacker attacks and theft. Although single pixel position shuffling can eliminate an image’s contour, it cannot hide the characteristics of the grey-level spectrum. Because the dynamic trajectories of a chaotic system are highly sensitive to the initial values of the system, applying chaotic-ciphering to the image will result in a good encryption effect, and significantly enhance the key space of the encrypted image. For these reasons, this paper propose a novel and simple Bit-Chaotic-Shuffle (BCS) technique for encryption on color images that is based on multi chaotic systems. This technique not only eliminates image contours, but also disorders the characteristics of the RGB-level spectrum. This encryption method also adopts three chaotic systems in which the key space reaches 10137, thoroughly preventing decryption by an exhaustive attack. This paper further applies the correction coefficient and Mean Square Error (MSE) methods to prove the encryption and the high security performance of the proposed encryption system
Effect of Eutectic Reaction Induced by La on Microstructure in Semisolid A356 Alloy
Authors: Liu Zheng , Huang Mei Yan , Cao Kai , Xu Hong Biao
Published: January 2012

Semisolid A356 alloy was prepared by low superheat pouring. The effects of La as a kind of refinement on the size and morphology of the primary phase in semisolid A356 alloy were researched. The results indicated that semisolid A356 alloy contained certain La addition with particle-like and rosette-like primary phase could be prepared by low superheat pouring. The size and morphology of primary phase in A356 alloy are markedly improved by the suitable addition of La. The refining mechanism of La on the size and morphology of the primary phase in semisolid A356 alloy were concerned with the eutectic reaction induced by La in the alloy.
Material’s Chemical Reaction Progression Variables Fluctuating and Detailed Equilibrium Principle
Authors: Zou Qing Hua
Published: January 2012

The paper derived and gave the mean square deviation formula relating to the internal variable (chemical reaction progression variable) fluctuating of the linear non–equilibrium local system, and also rendered the condition of the stability. Furthermore, It discussed the related relations among the corresponding mean square deviation, the detailed equilibrium equation, the relax time and other thermal mechanics variables
The Study on Organic Acid Detection Using Lon Chromatography
Authors: Hu Xiao Jian , Chen Wen , Li Li , Zhou Jin Ping , Guo Bao Shou , Zeng Ming
Published: January 2012

A simple and convenient method for the determination of μ g/l level in the real drinking water bromate overcome traditional methods of defects. Argentina by electrolyzing the smallest electrode interference and then focus on extra chlorine use microwave technology foundation evaporation and concentration, the proposed method is very sensitive to the determination of trace level of the sales of the drinking water. And a microwave oven, drinking water ten times the sample can be concentrated in 10 minutes can get and good recovery. Treatment of the silver electrode, the method of interference, and can effectively eliminate the Cl- This method is successfully applied to the detection in water sample level in the trace. It is the advantage of the operation is simple, fast, high sensitivity, accurate results. This method can be applied widely, suitable for trace analysis of water samples.
Development of Electric Automobiles and Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities in China
Authors: Liu Yan , Han Ying , Zhang Bao Zhong , Zhou Xue Jie , Zhang Guo Qiang , Zhao Xiang
Published: January 2012

The problem of energy saving and environment protection has become more and more crucial in China. New promising technology that makes the problem solved is reviewed in this paper, including electric automobiles and electric vehicle charging systems. It is given the group of customers and charging mode of electric automobiles in China. It is suggested the matches between charging modes and vehicle types. In the short term, conventional gasoline or diesel vehicles is the most realistic and effective, while in the long run, China will meet the urgent challenges of energy crisis and greenhouse gas reduction. It needs technology breakthroughs in battery, public awareness and government input to the development of electric automobiles.
Research on Environment of Dwellings with Rammed Earth Walls in Deqin Area in Yunnan Province
Authors: Li Li Ping
Published: January 2012

Based on the field testing and analysis of the Tibetan dwelling in Deqin area , and more specifically, the indoor temperature of Tibetan-style dwellings with rammed earth walls as well as the surface temperature of building envelope were tested and comparatively analyzed. The test results show the current situations and features of indoor temperature changes of Tibetan-style dwellings of earth materials, the heat-insulation performance and heat stability of rammed earth wall, which may provide a basis for improving the thermal environment of Tibetan-style dwellings.
GA-CDFM Based Hybrid Optimization Method for Steelmaking Scheduling and Caster Operation
Authors: Luo Xiao Chuan , Na Chong Zheng
Published: January 2012

In steelmaking plant, the process times of machines change frequently and randomly for the reason of metallurgical principle. When those change happen, the plant scheduling and caster operation must respond to keep the optimal performance profile of plant. Therefore, the integration of plant scheduling and caster operation is a crucial task. This paper presents a mixed-integer programming model and a hybrid optimized algorithm for caster operation and plant scheduling, which combine the genetic algorithm optimization and CDFM process status verification. Data experiments illustrate the efficiency of our model and algorithm.
Research on the Nano-Hardness of Single Crystal Aluminum
Authors: Ying Zhu , Zhou L. , Gao D.Y.
Published: January 2012

Studied the causes of the size effect phenomenon of the process of nano-hardness measurements. First of all, theoretically discussed the impact of the indenter tip radius on the hardness measurement and analysis of its impact trend, after the use of molecular dynamics method on the ends of arc with a radius of 50nm standard three pyramid indenter and the ideal shaped indenter for a different indentation depth under indentation process simulation. Theory and simulation results show that: indenter tip with a circular arc is the important reason for the produce of the nano-hardness size effect phenomenon. In nano-hardness measurements, if the constant load experiments using different ends of the radius of the indenter for testing, then the larger the indenter of the tip radius is, the greater measured hardness value. If using the same indenter, then the smaller test indenter of the indentation depth is, the greater corresponding to the indentation angle, so the measured hardness value greater.
Study on Micro-Deformation Behavior of Sicp/Al Composites at Low Stress
Authors: Li Duo Sheng , Zhou X.L. , Zou A.H. , Hua X.Z. , Ye G.Z. , Chen Q.J.
Published: January 2012

In this paper, SiCp/Al composites were fabricated by spontaneous infiltration technology. The micro-deformation behavior (MDB) of low tress in some silicon carbide particulate reinforced aluminum composites (SiCp/Al composites) was investigated experimentally. The microstructure, micro-deformation of samples was analyzed by OM and WDW-50 respectively. The results show that, in aluminum matrix with incorporating SiCp, the distribution of SiCp was uniform. In the same other conditions, SiCp size of the composite plays an important role on MDB at low stress, and the micro-deformation performance of the SiCp/Al composite increases with decreasing of SiCp size. MDB of composites at low stress deeply depends on the matrix material, and MDB increases with increasing of the matrix strength. It was also found that, the micro-deformation of SiCp/Al composite was negative value in the early stages of low tensile stress, and the phenomenon can be explained by strain relaxation.
Custom Micro Tooling for Mechanical Ductile-Mode Micro/Nano Machining of Hard and Brittle Materials
Authors: Cheng Xiang , Zhang Xi , Liu J.Y. , Yang X.H. , Tian Z.Q.
Published: January 2012

Hard and brittle materials such as WC, SiC, and single crystal silicon or germanium are widely used in die/moulds for very high accuracy glass products, medical devices, and sensors for MEMS. Mechanical ductile-mode micro/nano milling is an effective method to create three dimensional geometries on these materials. One of the key factors affecting successfully ductile-mode machining is micro tooling. Due to limitations of commercially available micro tools, custom micro tooling is brought forward to give an active solution to this issue. This paper is a further study on custom micro tooling by the author, and several aspects associated with custom micro tooling have been discussed. Experimental results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the successful ductile-mode machining of hard and brittle materials by custom micro tooling. At last, this paper summarizes the techniques associated with custom micro tooling and point out the key aspects for further research on custom micro tooling.
Compound Finish Processes Using Grinding and Ultrasonic Electropolishing on Hole-Wall Surface
Authors: Pa P.S.
Published: January 2012

This study using ultrasonic energy transmitted into the electrolyte to assist in discharging of electrolytic product out of the machining gap in the compound finishing processes of grinding and electropolishing on hole-wall surface beyond traditional process of holes machining instead of conventional hand or machine polishing. The compound processes of grinding and ultrasonic electro polishing just require a short time to make the hole-wall surface smooth and bright in the current study. The design polishing tool includes a grinding-tool and an electrode as a hole-wall surface finish improvement that goes beyond traditional rough boring. In the experiment, the polishing tool travels across the hole-wall surface with continuous or pulsed direct current. The experimental results show that the large supply of current rating is effectively to reach the amount of the material removal and is advantageous to the finishing processes. The average effect of the ultrasonic is better than the pulsed current while the machining time needs not to be prolonged by the off-time. The finish effect is better with a high rotational speed of the polishing tool because the dregs discharge of electrochemical finishing becomes easier and is also advantageous to the finish.
Experimental Research on the High Speed Drilling of PCB Using Microdrill
Authors: Zheng Xiao Hu , Liu Z.Q. , An Qing Long , Chen Ming , Wang Cheng Yong
Published: January 2012

Printed circuit board (PCB) composed of glass fiber reinforcement plastic and copper foil is a kind of typical composite material. The cutting process of fiber reinforcement plastic materials such as carbon fiber or glass fiber reinforcement plastic materials have been studied for many years, but the drilling process of printed circuit board using microdrill is more complicated than common carbon fiber reinforcement plastic materials. It is event that the cutting force changed when drill different material. The variation of drilling force may cause some problems such as drill break, board delamination. So it is important to study the drilling force in PCB drilling. The precision dy-namometer was used in experiments and cutting process was analyzed in this paper. The drilling process of PCB experience six stages and the drill will meet aluminum board, glass fiber reinforce-ment plastic (GFRP) and base strip. According to the drilling force in one circle, the peak force ap-peared at the moment of drilling copper foil and another smaller peak force appeared at the moment of drilling aluminum board and base board. The experiment results show that thrust force increased with federate and decreased with rotational speed.
Fabrication Technology of Miniaturized Loop Heat Pipe
Authors: Xiang Jian Hua , Zhang Chun Liang , Jiang Fan
Published: January 2012

Fabrication technology of a novel miniaturized loop heat pipe, which consisted of an evaporator, a condenser, vapor and liquid lines, was present in this study. The evaporator, whose bottom was connected as the cycle channel of refrigerant, were consist of boiling and suction chambers to ensure the vapor to one-way flow to vapor line. Thin copper plates with micro-fins fabricated by the ploughing-extrusion (P-E) method were embedded in the boiling chamber as enhanced structures. Moreover, the copper fiber sintered felt fabricated by the solid-phase sintering of copper fibers with rough surface, was filled in the suction chamber of evaporator as the wick to provide the capillary force. In addition, the integral rhombic-shaped pillars as intensified condensation structures in the condenser were fabricated by the milling method.
Research of Hybrid Congestion Control Mechanism
Authors: Lai Cheng Yu , Fu Xiao Guang
Published: January 2012

In wireless sensor networks, congestion causes overall channel quality to degrade and loss rates to raise, leads to buffer drops and increased delays, and tends to be grossly unfair toward nodes whose data has to traverse a larger number of radio hops. Hybrid congestion control mechanisms relieve the congestion by creating the new path; when establishment of a new path is failed, fairness aggregate mechanisms limits forward rate, ensures that each source node sends data fairly. Based on energy-saving, algorithms for mild congestion have been improved.
Tooth Profile Modification of Sprocket in Dual Meshing Silent Chain
Authors: Xue Yun Na , Wang Yong
Published: January 2012

Dual meshing silent chain mechanism can reduce the polygon action. In order to realize the conjugate meshing, the sprocket of the dual meshing silent chain mechanism is supposed to be an involute sprocket with a large pressure angle and negative modifying coefficient. Through the investigation on the transmission progress of dual meshing silent chain mechanism, the movement trajectory of the chain link and the sprocket is achieved. The inside tooth profile of link is interfered with the hypothetical sprocket tooth profile. So the supposed involute sprocket is modified. The result shows that the sprocket with the conjugate meshing and no interference is the addendum modifying sprocket with a large pressure angle and a large negative modifying coefficient.
Management Information System for Tools Life Cycle Based on Laser Character Marking
Authors: Zhao Xin , Xu Feng , Pang C.C. , Zuo Dun Wen
Published: January 2012

In this paper, a management system for tools life cycle based on B/S architecture was established. First, tools were classified by applications and each individual was encoded by 13 numbers. An improved nixietube font as marking character was created. Then, a method of laser character marking on tool and a method of character distinguish were discussed in detail. At last, system function modules were designed. Finally, the work flow of system was introduced.
Experimental Investigation on Drilling PCB Through-Holes
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zheng Xiao Hu , An Qing Long , Chen Ming
Published: January 2012

More and more attention is put on the machinability of printed circuit board (PCB) with the increasing demand of PCBs driven by the strong need of the market of the electronic products. In this paper, drill wear and burr size, as two main objects of experimental investigation, have been observed and analyzed in drilling PCB through-holes. The results of the drilling experiment conducted with normal drill and specialized drill, indicate that appropriate chisel edge thinning is in favor of decreasing flank wear of the drill, but has no apparent effect on reducing burr size for PCB through-holes drilling.
A Surface Residual-Stress Model of Optimizing Milling Parameters for Milling Aluminum Alloy 6061
Authors: Liu Yu Mei , Jiang Z. L. , Li Z.
Published: January 2012

The residual stress is one important factor causing deformation and distortion. A mathematical model is presented. It predicts the surface residual-stress caused by end-milling. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the Takushi method is used to design experiment. The variance analysis (ANOVA) is conducted to determine the adequacy of the model. It is shown that the model offering good correlation between the experimental and predicted results, is useful in selecting suitable cutting parameters for milling aluminium alloy 6061.
Preparation of Tourmaline and Carbon Nanotubes Based Composite Materials and its Heat Emission Performance
Authors: Xue Gang , Yu Ran , Wang Sai Fei , Zhao Chao Yue
Published: January 2012

The tourmaline-based composite materials as an effective thermal coating of heat exchanger unit were prepared from natural mineral tourmaline, transition metal oxides and carbon nanotubes. The far infrared emission properties and heat emission performance were studied. The results indicated that thermal performance of materials can be adjusted with the chemical composition of materials, and when the mass percentage of carbon nanotubes is 10%, the fractional of 26.77% of energy saving efficiency can be achieved.
The Preparation and Effect Evaluation of Natural Mineral Skin-Care Cream
Authors: Lu Zhen , Tang Qing Guo , Liang Jin Sheng , Ding Yan
Published: January 2012

In this work, purified and surface-pretreated attapulgite was added to the common recipe of the skin-care cream and the improved cream products, containing clay minerals, were prepared. In order to optimize the moisturizing and sunscreen properties of the cream products, different attapulgite addition was tried and the grinding time of the attapulite was considered. The result shows that, by adding attapulgite clay, the moisturizing and sunscreen properties of the skin-care products can be improved respectively.
Diopside-Based Glass-Ceramics from Chrysotile Asbestos Tailing
Authors: Ding Wen Jin , Peng Tong Jiang , Chen Ji Ming
Published: January 2012

By utilizing chrysotile asbestos tailing from Shannan ore in Sichuan as the main raw material, diopside-based glass-ceramics were successfully synthesized in the laboratory by adding some limestone, quartz sand, Al2O3, H3BO3, Na2CO3 and CaF2. The optimum procedure for glass-ceramics was as follows: melting at 1400 for 60 min, sintering at 1100 for 120 min. Through the tests of physical and mechanical properties, the glass-ceramics materials with more crystalline phase had high density, fine performance of resisting compression (366MPa) and negligible water absorption. Through chemical resistance tests, the glass-ceramics samples showed strong corrosion resistance. Overall result indicated that it was a feasible attempt to produce glass-ceramics materials for building and decorative materials from chrysotile asbestos tailing.
Preparation and Magnetic Property Study of Ni-P/Palygorskite Core-Shell Linear Powder
Authors: Zhou Su Min , Huang Wei , Shen Shi Ming
Published: January 2012

Alygorskite is a kind of hydrated magnesium aluminium silicate clay mineral. A novel linear core-shell structured Ni-P coated micro-fiber palygorskite (MFP) was fabricated via an electroless plating process in acid bath. The composition, morphology and structure of the as-prepared products were characterized by the techniques such as powder X-ray diffra-ction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Magnetic Property of the powders was conducted from a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It was observed that the MFPs surface was compactly coated with irregular Ni-P particle. The XRD patterns indicate the amorphous Ni-P microstructure of coating. Magnetic properties show that coated MFPs are ferromagnetic materials. The satura-tion magnetization (σs) and coercivity (jHc) of the powders are 13.86emu/g and 43.97 Oe respectively.
The Constitutive Relationship of Self-Stress Concrete Filled Steel Tube
Authors: Zhou Shui Xing , Li Lu , Ma Yue , Li Ling Jun
Published: January 2012

Based on the constitutive relationship model of general concrete filled steel tube, and combining with the results and theoretical analysis of several self-stress concrete filled steel tubular specimens, the constitutive relationship model of self-stress concrete filled steel tube was established by introducing an improvement coefficient of concrete strength related to self-stress level. The calculations of specimens’ bearing capacity with different sectional steel ratios, values of self-stress and concrete strengths were performed, which were in a good accordance with those of experimental values.
Effects of Inorganic Anions on TiO2 Photocatalytic Reduction of BrO3
Authors: Zhu Rong Shu , Tian Fei , Dong Wen Yi , Ouyang Feng , Zhang Ling Ling
Published: January 2012

The effects of various inorganic anions (SO42−, NO3−, HCO3−/CO32−, Cl− and I−) on the photocatalytic reduction of BrO3- were investigated under UV light irradiation. The effects of the inorganic anions depend strongly on the property of radical scavenging and adsorption. At the concentration of 1.56 μmol/L, NO3−, SO42−, HCO3−/CO32−, Cl− and I− exhibit the property of radical scavenging and promote the reduction of bromate. At higher concentration than 1.56 μmol/L, NO3−, SO42−, and HCO3−/CO32− exhibit the property of adsorption and decrease the promotion of the reduction of bromate. Cl− has little effect on the reduction of bromate, it is due to the ability of the radical scavenging is lower than that of Br−. Only I− has a higher promotion of the reduction of bromate at higher concentration than 15. 64 μmol/L, it is due to the strongly reduction potential E0(•I/ I−).
Application and Research of Digital Technology in Optimal Design of CNC Floor Boring and Milling Machine
Authors: Leng Zhen Long , Yang Jin Feng , Liu Qun Ping , Deng Xun
Published: January 2012

This paper focuses on application of the three-dimensional digital modeling, numerical analysis and optimization, digital control and other key technologies which provide technical support for the design and development in CNC floor boring and milling machine manufactruing. The three-dimensional digital modeling, digital assembly, interference checking help to eliminate some hidden trouble before processing and assembly. Numerical simulation reduces the cost and shortens the cycle of designand manufactruing in the optimal design of the machine. This technique has been successfully applied to a CNC Floor Boring and Milling Machine Model, which has been running for three years and achieved satisfactary economic result.