bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Flow Structure in the Radial Inflow Transonic Turbine
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Zhuge Weilin , Zhang Yangjun
Published: November 2015

Radial inflow turbines which are an important component of a turbocharger consist essentially of a volute, a rotor and a diffuser. Vaneless volute turbines, which have reasonable performance and low cost, are the most widely used in turbochargers for automotive engines. In recent years the growing necessity of increasing specific output power of turbochargers has encouraged the design of high pressure ratio turbine stage. Two stage turbines, which can achieve the high pressure ratio require, are not suitable to for these applications due to volume and weight increases. The common design trend is thus to use single stage high pressure ratio radial transonic turbine.

This paper describes numerical investigations of the flow fields in a radial inflow transonic turbine whose design pressure ratio is 4. The S-A turbulence model and Jameson’s center scheme have been applied in order to get good viscous resolution, accuracy and computing efficiency. Limiting streamlines on the wall surface as well as different flow characteristics, such as entropy generation of the cross sections, were evaluated, and detailed endwall flow and secondary flow structure were analyzed. The development of different vortex, especially the tip leakage vortex, vortex caused by the shock wave, passage vortex and horseshoe vortex were discussed. The results have shown that there is a great secondary flow feature and complicated vortex system in the high pressure ratio radial inflow transonic turbine.
Microscratch testing method for systematic evaluation of the adhesion of atomic layer deposited thin films on silicon
Authors: Kilpi Lauri , Ylivaara Oili M. E. , Vaajoki Antti , Malm Jari , Sintonen Sakari , Tuominen Marko , Puurunen Riikka L. , Ronkainen Helena
Published: November 2015

The scratch test method is widely used for adhesion evaluation of thin films and coatings. Usual critical load criteria designed for scratch testing of coatings were not applicable to thin atomic layer deposition (ALD) films on silicon wafers. Thus, the bases for critical load evaluation were established and the critical loads suitable for ALD coating adhesion evaluation on silicon wafers were determined in this paper as LCSi1, LCSi2, LCALD1, and LCALD2, representing the failure points of the silicon substrate and the coating delamination points of the ALD coating. The adhesion performance of the ALD Al2O3, TiO2, TiN, and TaCN+Ru coatings with a thickness range between 20 and 600 nm and deposition temperature between 30 and 410 °C on silicon wafers was investigated. In addition, the impact of the annealing process after deposition on adhesion was evaluated for selected cases. The tests carried out using scratch and Scotch tape test showed that the coating deposition and annealing temperature, thickness of the coating, and surface pretreatments of the Si wafer had an impact on the adhesion performance of the ALD coatings on the silicon wafer. There was also an improved load carrying capacity due to Al2O3, the magnitude of which depended on the coating thickness and the deposition temperature. The tape tests were carried out for selected coatings as a comparison. The results show that the scratch test is a useful and applicable tool for adhesion evaluation of ALD coatings, even when carried out for thin (20 nm thick) coatings.
Joint Coordination and Muscle Activities of Ballet Dancers During Tiptoe Standing
Authors: Tanabe Hiroko , Fujii Keisuke , Kouzaki Motoki
Published: November 2015

We aimed to investigate joint coordination of lower limbs in dancers during tiptoe standing and the relationship between joint coordination and muscle coactivation. Seven female ballet dancers performed tiptoe standing with six leg positions (fi e classical dance positions and one modern dance position) for 10 s. The kinematic data of the metatarsophalangeal (MP), ankle, knee, and hip joints was collected, and surface electromyography (EMG) of over 13 lower limb muscles was conducted. Principal component analysis was performed to determine joint coordination. MP–ankle and ankle–knee had in-phase coordination, whereas knee–hip showed anti-phase coordination in the sagittal plane. In addition, most EMG–EMG coherence around the MP and ankle joints was significant up to 50 Hz when these two joints swayed with in-phase. This suggests that different joint coordination patterns are associated with neural processing related to different muscle coactivation patterns. In conclusion, ballet dancers showed in-phase coordination from the MP to knee joints, which was associated with muscle coactivation to a higher frequency domain (up to 50 Hz) in comparison with anti-phase coordination.
Axial Segmental Coordination During Turning: Effects of Stroke and Attentional Loadings
Authors: Manaf Haidzir , Justine Maria , Goh Hui-Ting
Published: November 2015

Attentional loadings deteriorate straight walking performance for individuals poststroke, but its effects on turning while walking remain to be determined. Here we compared turning kinematics under three attentional loading conditions (single, dual-motor, and dual-cognitive task) between stroke survivors and healthy controls. Nine chronic stroke survivors and 10 healthy controls performed the Timed Upand- Go test while their full-body kinematics were recorded. Onset times of yaw rotation of the head, thorax and pelvis segments and head anticipation distance were used to quantify turning coordination. Results showed that stroke survivors reoriented their body segments much earlier than the controls, but they preserved the similar segmental reorientation sequence under the single-task condition. For the healthy controls, attentional loading led to an earlier axial segment reorientation, but the reorientation sequence was preserved. In contrast, the dual-cognitive task condition led to a disrupted reorientation sequence in stroke. The results indicate that turning coordination was altered in individuals poststroke, especially under the dual-task interference.
Bilateral shoulder septic arthritis in a fit and well 47-year-old man
Authors: Hotonu Sesi Ayodele , Khan Shoaib , Jeavons Richard
Published: November 2015

Bilateral septic arthritis of the shoulder is uncommon in the immunocompetent patient with no previous risk factors for joint infection, and is thus easily missed. Septic arthritis is associated with significant rates of morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and management is the key to a favourable outcome; septic arthritis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in the unwell patient presenting with shoulder pain and reduced range of joint movement. We present a case of a 47-year-old previously fit and well man with bilateral shoulder septic arthritis. We will also review the current literature on management and long-term outcomes of patients with septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint.
Ten-year follow-up of a giant prolactinoma
Authors: Fernandes Vera , Santos Maria Joana , Almeida Rui , Marques Olinda
Published: November 2015

Giant prolactinomas are rare pituitary tumours of which management can be a challenge. A 28-year-old man presented with headaches, visual impairment and behavioural changes. Clinically, the patient was found to have hypogonadism and bitemporal hemianopsia. A MRI demonstrated a pituitary tumour 76 mm in diameter and blood tests revealed a serum prolactin of 158 700 µU/mL (reference range 58–254). Initially, a craniotomy was performed. Immunohistochemistry of the tumour identified a prolactinoma with a high proliferative index and the patient was started on treatment with a dopamine agonist. A year later, neurological symptoms worsened due to regrowth of the lesion's cystic component, and so further surgery was performed. After 10 years of treatment with dopamine agonists, the prolactin levels decreased by 96.8%, there was an effective reduction in tumour size, and the neurological signs and symptoms resolved.
Pseudo-renal failure: bladder rupture with urinary ascites
Authors: Matsumura Masami , Ando Naokatsu , Kumabe Ayako , Dhaliwal Gurpreet
Published: November 2015

We report a case of pseudo-renal failure caused by urinary ascites due to spontaneous bladder rupture following transurethral resection of a bladder tumour (TUR-BT). A 63-year-old man presented with 2 months of abdominal distension due to ascites. Laboratory findings showed elevated serum creatinine and hyperkalaemia. Peritoneal fluid urea, creatinine and potassium levels were greater than those in serum levels. CT scan showed partial wall thinning in the bladder wall, and cystography indicated fragility in the dome where the latest TUR-BT was performed. Pseudo-renal failure (laboratory abnormalities of acute kidney injury in the setting of normal kidney function) from urinary ascites and reverse intraperitoneal dialysis was diagnosed. Symptoms and laboratory abnormalities improved promptly with insertion of a urinary catheter. This report aims to increase recognition of urinary ascites when a patient with genitourinary surgical procedures or radiation therapy, or blunt abdominal trauma, presents with ascites and elevated creatinine simultaneously.
POLICIES AND BUSINESS MODELS FOR THE ELECTRIC MOBILITY REVOLUTION: THE CASE STUDY ON SINGAPORE
Authors: LI YANFEI , KOCHHAN ROBERT
Published: November 2015

A detailed total cost of ownership (TCO) model, with well-to-wheel carbon emissions assessment, is developed to analyze the economic competitiveness of battery electric vehicle (BEV) against conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in Singapore. The model fully integrates the unique economic, institutional and social features of Singapore related to the ownership and usage of a passenger vehicle into consideration. Assuming current technologies and no change in the regulatory and policy framework, it is found that BEV is already economically competitive in certain niche markets of Singapore, such as small and midsize vehicles for car-sharing and corporate uses. In the near future, with technological progress, BEVs will become competitive in most parts of the Singapore passenger vehicle market, including small vehicles for household and small and midsize vehicles for car-sharing, corporate and taxi uses. However, certain supportive policies are called for, based on policy simulation results, to effectively accelerate the adoption of BEVs. Evidence also shows that supports should be given to the development of charging infrastructure at an early stage of BEV adoption.
LABOR DONATION OR MONEY DONATION? PRO-SOCIALITY ON PREVENTION OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN A CASE OF CYCLONE AILA, BANGLADESH
Authors: SHAHRIER SHIBLY , KOTANI KOJI
Published: November 2015

The coastal zone in Bangladesh is the most powerfully lethal due to cyclones and storm hazard where 29% of the total population reside. Thus, collective disaster mitigation measures are urgent, and it is important to understand people’s pro-social attitude toward such countermeasures. However, few studies on this issue have been conducted in the context of developing countries, such as Bangladesh, and we therefore address this issue. We made a questionnaire survey of 1,000 respondents and elicited (i) a willingness to donate their labor (WDL) and (ii) a willingness to pay (WTP) to collective countermeasures for avoiding the damages from cyclones and associated disasters. With this data, we examine WDL and WTP in relation to respondents’ occupation, education and income. The novelty lies in offering respondents an option of choosing WDL and/or WTP in the questionnaire. The study finds that the poor and less educated people are likely to choose WDL and willing to donate more labor, while rich and educated people are likely to choose WTP and willing to donate more money. However, we also find that voluntary labor donation from poor and less educated people is significant in that donation from poor and less educated people exceeds that from rich and educated people on per-household basis. Poor and less educated people may be more pro-social and WDL is an important source of contribution to be utilized in natural disaster mitigation of developing countries. This finding can be considered a useful guidance for future policies in more general cases, since it is consistent with observed labor donations for the recovery in the 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan.
Single charge exchange in collision of fast protons with hydrogen molecules
Authors: Ghanbari-Adivi Ebrahim , Sattarpour Seyedeh Hedyeh
Published: November 2015

Single charge transfer process in collision of energetic protons with molecular hydrogens is theoretically studied using a first-order two-effective-center Born approximation. The correct boundary conditions are incorporated in the formalism and the Hartree–Fock molecular wave function for molecular targets and the residual ions are used to calculate the transition amplitude. The interference patterns in the capture differential cross-sections (DCSs) for a given fixed orientation of the molecule, due to the scattering from the two-atomic centers in the molecular targets, are examined. The dependence of the DCSs upon the angle between the molecular axis and the direction of the incident velocity is theoretically investigated. Both average differential and integral cross-sections are calculated. The obtained results are compared with the available experimental data.
FIRST PRINCIPLES STUDY OF HCN ADSORPTION ON GRAPHENE DOPED WITH 5D TRANSITION METAL
Authors: DONG HAI-KUAN , WANG YONG-PING , SHI LI BIN
Published: November 2015

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) adsorption on graphene doped with 5d transition metal (TM) is investigated by the first principles based on density functional theory. It is observed that Hg atom cannot be doped into graphene due to saturated valence electron configurations of 5d106s2. Three kinds of HCN adsorption configurations are investigated, in which H, C and N in HCN are close to the adsorption site, respectively. The most stable adsorption configuration is obtained by total energy optimization. HCN adsorption can be studied by adsorption energy and electron density difference. HCN can only be physisorbed on Ir, Pt and Au-doped graphenes, while chemisorption is observed for Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re and Os-doped graphenes. The band structure is calculated by B3LYP and Generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functionals. It is observed from B3LYP method that the conductivity of Lu, Hf, Re and Os-doped graphenes does not obviously change before and after HCN adsorption. Ta and W-doped graphenes change from semiconductor to metal after adsorption of HCN molecule. The results indicate that Ta and W-doped graphenes may be a promising sensor for detecting HCN. This study provides a useful basis for understanding of a wide variety of physical properties on graphene.
SAPHENOUS VEIN GRAFT PATENCY AFTER GEOMETRY REMODELING
Authors: BERNAD ELENA S. , BERNAD SANDOR I. , SARGAN IZABELLA , CRAINA MARIUS L.
Published: November 2015

Tortuous saphenous vein graft (SVG) hemodynamics was investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. Computed tomography (CT) technology is used for noninvasive bypass graft assessment seven days after surgery. CT investigation shows two regions with severe shape remodeling, one is an angle type contortion and the other one is a sharp curvature with tortuous area reduction. The numerical analysis carefully examines the effect of an SVG geometry remodeling through flow separation, particle deposition, and wall shear stress (WSS). During the cardiac cycle, overall pressure drop increases from 2.6[Formula: see text]mmHg to 4.4[Formula: see text]mmHg. In the accelerating part of the systolic phase, particles released in the inlet section move downstream toward the first narrowed part (elbow type contortion) with a helical motion. WSS range along the cardiac cycle varies from 2[Formula: see text]Pa to 42[Formula: see text]Pa, enough to damage the endothelial cells. Vessel torsion induced helical flow can reduce the flow disturbance and separation. Additionally, in the distal end of the graft, the high particle concentrations can promote the inflammatory processes in the vessels.
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF RANDOMIZED ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE ON PERFORMANCE
Authors: WALL FRIEDERIKE
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we investigate the effects on performance of inducing organizational dynamics in collaborative search processes. Using an agent-based simulation, we analyze different temporal modes and levels of scope of change. The organizational properties under change are chosen randomly out of three dimensions of organizational design. Results suggest that inducing organizational dynamics has the potential to increase the effectiveness of search, but that the temporal change mode, the frequency and the scope of change in conjunction with the complexity of the search problem considerably affect the order of magnitude of this beneficial effect. The paper characterizes conditions under which different modalities of organizational change are beneficial.
Thermal quantum correlations in a two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ model with different magnetic fields
Authors: Hu Zheng , Wang Yu-Chen , Hou Xi-Wen
Published: November 2015

Two kinds of thermal quantum correlations, measured respectively by quantum discord (QD) and the generalized negativity (GN), are studied for various magnetic fields, couplings, and temperatures in a two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ model. It is shown that QD and GN can exhibit a similar behavior in some regions of magnetic field, coupling, and temperature, while they behave in a contrary manner in other regions. For example, QD may increase with suitable magnetic fields, couplings, and temperature when GN decreases. QD is more robust against temperature than GN, and can reveal a kink at a suitable coupling at finite temperature while GN cannot. Moreover, a nearly unchanged QD or GN can be obtained in a large region of magnetic field, coupling, and temperature. These adjustable QD and GN via the varied magnetic field, coupling, and temperature may have significant applications in quantum information processing.
Dispersion Effects on Tsunami Propagation in South China Sea
Authors: Ren Zhi-Yuan , Zhao Xi , Liu Hua
Published: November 2015

As the Manila Trench is becoming the most tsunami-hazardous, it is necessary to ascertain the wave height and arrival time in the South China Sea region through numerical simulation of tsunamis generated from potential earthquake source along the Manila subduction zone. The Okada model is employed to generate tsunami. The surface elevation and depth-averaged horizontal velocity at first 5 min, coming from the simulation of shallow water equations, are then interpolated in the weakly dispersive model (FUNWAVE) to calculate tsunami propagation and far-field impact. The characteristics of tsunami wave height distribution in South China Sea are analyzed for the assessment of tsunami hazard near coasts around South China Sea due to the hypothetical earthquakes with magnitude of [Formula: see text] and the worst case scenario ([Formula: see text]). The maximum wave height distribution computed by the Boussinesq equations is compared with that by the shallow water equations to investigate the dispersion effects on propagation of tsunami in South China Sea. It is found that the dispersion effects of the tsunami waves propagating in South China Sea are not significant if the earthquake magnitude is large enough.
Experimental Study of Reduction of Solitary Wave Run-Up by Emergent Rigid Vegetation on a Beach
Authors: Yao Yu , Du Ruichao , Jiang Changbo , Tang Zhengjiang , Yuan Wancheng
Published: November 2015

Extensive studies have been carried out to study the performance of mangrove forests in wave height reduction. In this study, the reduction of the inundation and run-up of leading tsunami waves by mangrove forests was investigated through a series of laboratory experiments conducted in a long wave tank. The inundation and run-up were measured using a high speed CCD camera. Solitary waves were used to model the leading tsunami waves. Five vegetation models representing three forest densities and two tree distributions were examined on an impermeable sloping beach, and they were compared with the non-vegetated slope in view of wave reflection, transmission, and run-up. Results show that both incident wave height and run-up could be reduced by up to 50% when the vegetation was present on the slope. Dense vegetation reduced the wave transmission because of the increased wave reflection and energy dissipation into turbulence in vegetation. Normalized wave run-up on the beach decreased with the increase of both normalized incident wave height and forest density. Effect of forest density on the wave run-up on the sloping beach was further examined, and an empirical formula with the density incorporated was proposed. The study also highlighted the importance of tree distribution to wave interaction with vegetation on the slope when the forest density was unaltered, and run-up reduction difference between tandem and staggered arrangements of the trees could reach up to 20%.
Evaluation of China’s Urban Healthy Development: Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasures
Authors: SHAN Jingjing , WU Zhanyun
Published: November 2015

Based on the overall plan for promoting economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, this paper establishes an evaluation index system of urban healthy development and also conducts a comprehensive evaluation about the healthy development of 287 designated cities at prefecture level and above. The results have shown four major features of the development of China’s cities. Firstly, at current stage, the level of China’s urban healthy development is generally low and the proportion of sub-healthy cities in the total cities is high; secondly, eastern cities in general enjoy higher level of healthy development, while western cities are just the opposite, with obvious gaps in healthy development among different provinces; thirdly, large cities boast higher level of healthy development in general terms, but their environmental quality remains a very worrying issue; at last, the healthy development of moderately developed cities is relatively balanced compared with the economically developed cities. In conclusion, the overall condition of China’s urban healthy development is not optimistic and it is an arduous task to promote transition from sub-healthy to healthy development for all cities in China.
A Million Metaorder Analysis of Market Impact on the Bitcoin
Authors: Donier J. , Bonart J.
Published: November 2015

We present a thorough empirical analysis of market impact on the Bitcoin/USD exchange market using a complete dataset that allows us to reconstruct more than one million metaorders. We empirically confirm the “square-root law” for market impact, which holds on four decades in spite of the quasi-absence of statistical arbitrage and market marking strategies. We show that the square-root impact holds during the whole trajectory of a metaorder and not only for the final execution price. We also attempt to decompose the order flow into an “informed” and “uninformed” component, the latter leading to an almost complete long-term decay of impact. This study sheds light on the hypotheses and predictions of several market impact models recently proposed in the literature and promotes heterogeneous agent models as promising candidates to explain price impact on the Bitcoin market — and, we believe, on other markets as well.
How many planet-wide leaders should there be?
Authors: Liu Shengyun , Vukolić Marko
Published: November 2015

Geo-replication becomes increasingly important for modern planetary scale distributed systems, yet it comes with a specific challenge: latency, bounded by the speed of light. In particular, clients of a geo-replicated system must communicate with a leader which must in turn communicate with other replicas: wrong selection of a leader may result in unnecessary round-trips across the globe. Classical protocols such as celebrated Paxos, have a single leader making them unsuitable for serving widely dispersed clients. To address this issue, several all-leader geo-replication protocols have been proposed recently, in which every replica acts as a leader. However, because these protocols require coordination among all replicas, commiting a client's request at some replica may incure the so-called "delayed commit" problem, which can introduce even a higher latency than a classical single-leader majority-based protocol such as Paxos.

In this paper, we argue that the "right" choice of the number of leaders in a geo-replication protocol depends on a given replica configuration and propose Droopy, an optimization for state machine replication protocols that explores the space between single-leader and all-leader by dynamically reconfiguring the leader set. We implement Droopy on top of Clock-RSM, a state-of-the-art all-leader protocol. Our evaluation on Amazon EC2 shows that, under typical imbalanced workloads, Droopy-enabled Clock-RSM efficiently reduces latency compared to native Clock-RSM, whereas in other cases the latency is the same as that of the native Clock-RSM.
Using Straggler Replication to Reduce Latency in Large-scale Parallel Computing
Authors: Wang Da , Joshi Gauri , Wornell Gregory
Published: November 2015

In cloud computing jobs consisting of many tasks run in parallel, the tasks on the slowest machines (straggling tasks) become the bottleneck in the completion of the job. One way to combat the variability in machine response time is to add replicas of straggling tasks and wait for the earliest copy to finish. Using the theory of extreme order statistics, we analyze how task replication reduces latency, and its impact on the cost of computing resources. We also propose a heuristic algorithm to search for the best replication strategies when it is difficult to model the empirical behavior of task execution time and use the proposed analysis techniques. Evaluation of the heuristic policies on Google Trace data shows a significant latency reduction compared to the replication strategy used in MapReduce.
Anticipating Requests to Improve Performance and Reduce Costs in Cloud Storage
Authors: Netto Hylson Vescovi , Lung Lau Cheuk , Ribeiro Tulio Alberton , Correia Miguel , Luiz Aldelir Fernando
Published: November 2015

Clouds are a suitable place to store data with scalability and financial flexibility. However, it is difficult to ensure the reliability of the data stored in a cloud. Byzantine fault tolerance can improve reliability, but at a high cost. This paper presents a technique that anticipates requests in order to reduce that cost. We show that this technique improves the performance in comparison with related works and maintains the desired data reliability.
Distributed Cloud Market
Authors: Ludwig Arne , Schmid Stefan
Published: November 2015

Virtualization is arguably the main innovation motor in the Internet today. Virtualization enables the decoupling of applications from the physical infrastructure, and introduces new mapping and scheduling flexibilities. While the corresponding algorithmic problems are fairly well-understood, we ask: Who reaps the benefits from the virtualization flexibilities? We introduce two simple distributed cloud market models and study this question in two dimensions: (1) a horizontal market where different cloud providers compete for the customer requests, and (2) a vertical market where a broker resells the resources of a cloud provider.
Deduplication-Assisted Data Reduction and Distribution in Cloud-of-Clouds
Authors: Mao Bo , Wu Suzhen
Published: November 2015

With the increasing popularity and cost-effectiveness of cloud storage, many companies and organizations have moved or planned to move data out of their own data centers into the cloud. However, solely depending on a particular cloud storage mprovider has a number of potentially serious problems [1]. First, it can cause the so-called vendor lock-in problem for the customers, which results in prohibitively high cost for clients to switch from one provider to another. Second, it can cause service disruptions, which in turn will lead to SLA violation, due to cloud outages, resulting in penalties, monetary or other forms, for the service providers. Third, solely depending on a particular cloud storage provider can also result in possible increased service costs and data security issues, such as the data leakage problem. Thus using multiple independent cloud providers, so called Cloud-of-Clouds, is an effective way to provide better availability for the cloud storage systems.
Choice-based Pricing for User-Provided Connectivity?
Authors: Afrasiabi M. H. , Guérin R.
Published: November 2015

User-provided connectivity (UPC) leverages the network connectivity of its users to build a service offering that goes beyond their individual connectivity option, i.e., allows them to roam. Because the service's overall value typically grows as a function of its coverage, it is important to devise pricing policies that make it attractive to all users, even those who derive little value from roaming. This paper builds on earlier work that explored the value of a UPC service, and proposes a new pricing policy, the Price choice policy, that seeks to realize an effective compromise between pricing complexity and the policy's ability to maximize system value and extract profit. The paper illustrates the benefits of the proposed policy by demonstrating why and how it outperforms several previously proposed policies.
Playing the Wrong Game
Authors: Meir Reshef , Parkes David
Published: November 2015

In many situations a player may act so as to maximize a perceived utility that is not exactly her utility function, but rather some other, biased, utility. Examples of such biased utility functions are common in behavioral economics, and include risk attitudes, altruism, present-bias and so on. When analyzing a game, one may ask how inefficiency, measured by the Price of Anarchy (PoA) is a?ected by the perceived utilities.

The smoothness method [16, 15] naturally extends to games with such perceived utilities or costs, regardless of the game or the behavioral bias. We show that such biasedsmoothness is broadly applicable in the context of nonatomic congestion games. First, we show that on series-parallel networks we can use smoothness to yield PoA bounds even for diverse populations with di?erent biases. Second, we identify various classes of cost functions and biases that are smooth, thereby substantially improving some recent results from the literature.
Core Stable Algorithms for Coalition Games with Complementarities and Peer Effects
Authors: Touati Mikael , El-Azouzi Rachid , Coupechoux Marceau , Altman Eitan , Kelif Jean-Marc
Published: November 2015

In this short paper, we show two new algorithms for finding stable structures in ordinal coalition potential games. The first one is anytime and enumerative. It performs on a graph. The second one is a modified Deferred Acceptance Algorithm (DAA) using counter-proposals. It finds a many-to-one matching. We illustrate with the example of video caching from a content creator's servers to a service provider's servers.
Personalized Payments for Storage-as-a-Service
Authors: Ceppi Sofia , Kash Ian
Published: November 2015

Current storage offerings provide a small number of options in the form of fixed prices with volume discounting. This leaves storage operators to guess how much data customers will add over time. Instead, we propose that the operator elicits basic information about future usage. Such information can be used to operate the system more efficiently. In particular, we show how prices can be calculated that encourage customers to accurately report the range of their future usage while ensuring that the operator covers his costs.
Baroreflex failure increases the risk of pulmonary edema in conscious rats with normal left ventricular function
Authors: Sakamoto Kazuo , Hosokawa Kazuya , Saku Keita , Sakamoto Takafumi , Tobushi Tomoyuki , Oga Yasuhiro , Kishi Takuya , Ide Tomomi , Sunagawa Kenji
Published: November 2015

In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the complex pathogenesis hinders development of effective therapies. Since HFpEF and arteriosclerosis share common risk factors, it is conceivable that stiffened arterial wall in HFpEF impairs baroreflex function. Previous investigations have indicated that the baroreflex regulates intravascular stressed volume and arterial resistance in addition to cardiac contractility and heart rate. We hypothesized that baroreflex dysfunction impairs regulation of left atrial pressure (LAP) and increases the risk of pulmonary edema in freely moving rats. In 15-wk Sprague-Dawley male rats, we conducted sinoaortic denervation (SAD, n = 6) or sham surgery (Sham, n = 9), and telemetrically monitored ambulatory arterial pressure (AP) and LAP. We compared the mean and SD (lability) of AP and LAP between SAD and Sham under normal-salt diet (NS) or high-salt diet (HS). SAD did not increase mean AP but significantly increased AP lability under both NS ( P = 0.001) and HS ( P = 0.001). SAD did not change mean LAP but significantly increased LAP lability under both NS (SAD: 2.57 ± 0.43 vs. Sham: 1.73 ± 0.30 mmHg, P = 0.01) and HS (4.13 ± 1.18 vs. 2.45 ± 0.33 mmHg, P = 0.02). SAD markedly increased the frequency of high LAP, and SAD with HS prolonged the duration of LAP > 18 mmHg by nearly 20-fold compared with Sham (SAD + HS: 2,831 ± 2,366 vs. Sham + HS: 148 ± 248 s, P = 0.01). We conclude that baroreflex failure impairs volume tolerance and together with salt loading increases the risk of pulmonary edema even in the absence of left ventricular dysfunction. Baroreflex failure may contribute in part to the pathogenesis of HFpEF.
Abstract A1-10: The iCOGS breast cancer GWAS reveals 4 unique signals in the PTHLH region in patients of European origin
Authors: Freeman Adam N. , Martin T John , Henderson Michael A. , Makalic Enes , Kapuscinski Miroslaw K. , Schmidt Daniel F. , Hopper John
Published: November 2015

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), the product of the PTHLH gene, has long been implicated in breast cancer. Its expression is thought to favor and, potentially, facilitate metastasis to bone. Paradoxically, a prospective clinical study clinical suggests that its production in primary breast cancers is actually protective, affording a better prognosis than its absence. Multiple recent Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have confirmed a single susceptibility locus immediately upstream of the PTHLH gene to be associated with breast cancer. This was again reproduced in the recent iCOGS GWAS, which involved over 90,000 European subjects. In spite of a single SNP, rs10771399, being uniquely reported and reproduced by prior studies, we demonstrate 4 discrete overlapping signals by utilizing forward selection logistic regression and LASSO techniques. Two of these signals are centered and superimposed around rs10771399, ~40kbp upstream of PTHLH, a third lies a further 100kbp upstream, and the fourth lies a further 250kbp upstream over the next gene, CCDC91. While the causation of this signal remains elusive, multiple putatively contributory variations are captured by these signals.

Citation Format: Adam N. Freeman, T John Martin, Michael A. Henderson, Enes Makalic, Miroslaw K. Kapuscinski, Daniel F. Schmidt, John Hopper. The iCOGS breast cancer GWAS reveals 4 unique signals in the PTHLH region in patients of European origin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A1-10.
Abstract A1-21: NOTCH 1 and NOTCH 3 expressions for early stage of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cho Eun Kyung , Ha Seung Yeon , Lee Jae Ik , Hong Junsick , Sim Sun Jin , Park Jinny , Shin Dong Bok , Lee Jae Hoon
Published: November 2015

Backgrounds: Notch gene Encode 300kDa single-pass transmembrane receptors. It can variously serve as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor and a repressor or inducer of terminal differentiation. It also regulate cell division, differentiation and survival of stem and/or progenital cells in wide range tissues. We examined Notch 1 and 3 to study the correlation of Notch expression and prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods: Paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays were constructed. We analyzed Notch 1 and 3 by immunohistochemical stain on surgical tumor specimens.

Results: One hundred fifty-nine of 185 resected tissues for lung cancer (median age 62 years) were available for immunohistochemical stain. The types of tumor histology were adenocarcinoma;54, squamous cell carcinoma:79, others;26. 121 patients were taken lobectomy and 38 were done pneumonectomy. Notch 1 and 3 receptors were detected in 119 (74.8%) and 130 (81.7%) of total 159 (M:F=114:45) tumor tissues, respectively. Notch 1 receptors showed higher expressions on squamous cell carcinoma than non-squamous cell carcinoma (58.8% vs. 37.8%, p=0.03). However, it was not correlated with sex, smoking status or advanced stages. Five year-relapse free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were 57.4 % and 59.3 % in 159 patients, respectively. Patients with any expression of Notch1 or 3 have correlated with neither RFS nor OS. 5 year OS for patients who showed Notch 3 expression were 62 % and the others were 47.8%, however, it was not statistically significant (p= 0.165). Both of their expressions were detected in 106 of 159 (66.7%) tumor tissues. Sixteen (10 %) had negative expressions in both of them. The patients with both positive expressions had the tendency of longer OS than all negative patients. Their 5 year OS were 60.8 % vs. 38.2% (p=0.068) and 5 year RFS were 56.5% vs. 49.7 % (p=0.35).

Conclusions: Notch 1 showed higher expression on squamous cell carcinoma. Neither Notch 1 nor 3 have correlated with RFS or OS, but patients with both expressions had the tendency of longer overall survival.

Citation Format: Eun Kyung Cho, Seung Yeon Ha, Jae Ik Lee, Junsick Hong, Sun Jin Sim, Jinny Park, Dong Bok Shin, Jae Hoon Lee. NOTCH 1 and NOTCH 3 expressions for early stage of non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A1-21.
Abstract A1-43: Targeted amplicon-based next-generation sequencing of routine solid tumor specimens to detect clinically relevant somatic alterations
Authors: Hovelson Daniel H. , McDaniel Andrew S. , Johnson Bryan , Cani Andi K. , Rhodes Kate , Williams Paul D. , Liu Chia-Jen , Bandla Santhoshi , Grasso Catherine S. , Quist Michael J. , Sadis Seth , Rhodes Daniel R. , Tomlins Scott A.
Published: November 2015

Background: Although precision medicine approaches have revolutionized oncology, widespread adoption requires robust, inexpensive approaches enabling the targeted assessment of all relevant alteration classes from routine tissue samples.

Methods: Here we interrogated >7,000 cancer exomes and transcriptomes, along with >30,000 array based cancer genomes to identify recurrent somatic alterations (mutations, copy number alterations [CNAs] and gene fusions) across solid tumors. From this analysis, we developed and validated an integrated multiplexed PCR based Ion Torrent next generation sequencing panel (Oncomine Cancer Research Panel [OCP]) targeting the actionable somatic cancer genome optimized for 20ng of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue isolated DNA/RNA.

Results: We validated the OCP using FFPE cell line mixtures, as well as a prospective cohort of 104 FFPE tumor specimens sent for concurrent clinical molecular testing, with >97% sensitivity and specificity for the presence/absence of KRAS, EGFR, BRAF and ALK point mutations, indels or gene fusions in this molecular testing cohort. We also applied the OCP to 100 lung cancers, identifying known and novel alterations, including ALK and ROS1 gene fusions. Lastly, applying the OCP to 116 prostate cancers, including 50 previously treated samples, we recapitulated known molecular subtypes, observed distinct profiles according to previous treatment and obtained 100% concordance for isoform specific TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion detection compared to qPCR. Additionally, OCP profiling supports a novel molecular subtype of prostate cancer defined by IDH1 R132 hotspot mutations and informed on resistance mechanisms in a pre- and post-treatment sample pair. Importantly, 44%, 35% and 9% of patients in the molecular testing, lung and prostate cancer cohorts, respectively, harbored additional alterations (beyond routine molecular testing) associated with FDA approved or NCCN guideline referenced therapies.

Conclusions: Through analysis of both DNA and RNA to assess the actionable somatic cancer genome, the validated OCP panel may have utility in both clinical and research settings.

Citation Format: Daniel H. Hovelson, Andrew S. McDaniel, Bryan Johnson, Andi K. Cani, Kate Rhodes, Paul D. Williams, Chia-Jen Liu, Santhoshi Bandla, Catherine S. Grasso, Michael J. Quist, Seth Sadis, Daniel R. Rhodes, Scott A. Tomlins. Targeted amplicon-based next-generation sequencing of routine solid tumor specimens to detect clinically relevant somatic alterations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A1-43.
Abstract A1-61: ANT2 shRNA downregulates multiple onco-miRNAs through the targets, TIMP-2, and suppresses cell death in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Baik Seung Hyun , Lee Jong Kuen , Kim Chul-Woo
Published: November 2015

Micro RNA (miRNAs) are negative regulators of gene expression functioning either as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in cancer. As expression patterns of miRNAs and their role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still poorly understood we investigated the roles of specific miRNAs in this study. We examined that knockdown of ANT2 by shRNA down-regulates onco-miRNA (miR-19a and miR-96) expression levels, and leads to the suppression of proliferation and tumorigenesis in HCC cell line. Microarray profiling of miRNAs showed that the expression of miR-19a and miR-96 were markedly upregulated in both Hep3B and HepG2 cells and their ectopic expression dramatically induced the proliferation and the ability of hepatoma cells to form colonies in vitro, while the inhibition of miR-19a and miR-96 reduced this effect. To investigate the in vivo function, we implanted miR-96 overexpressed-HepG2 in Balbc/nude mice and demonstrated that increase of miR-96 induces tumor growth. We also found that miR-19a and miR-96 are downregulated by ANT2 shRNA, which in turn induces the accumulation of TIMP-2 and the inactivation of p300. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-19a and miR-96 may play an important role in promoting proliferation of human HCC cells and also suggest that the knock down of ANT2 by shRNA directly down-regulates multi-onco-miRNAs, ultimately resulting in suppression of tumor growth

Citation Format: Seung Hyun Baik, Jong Kuen Lee, Chul-Woo Kim. ANT2 shRNA downregulates multiple onco-miRNAs through the targets, TIMP-2, and suppresses cell death in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A1-61.
Abstract A2-02: SF3B1 mutations constitute a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer
Authors: Maguire Sarah , Leonidou Andri , Wai Patty , Marchio Caterina , Ng Charlotte , Sapino Ana , Vincent-Salomon Anne , Reis-Filho Jorge , Weigelt Britta , Natrajan Rachael
Published: November 2015

Mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in RNA splicing have been found to occur at relatively high frequencies in several tumour types including myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, uveal melanoma, pancreatic cancer and at lower frequencies in breast cancer. To investigate whether dysfunction in RNA splicing is implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, we performed a re-analysis of published exome and whole genome sequencing data. This analysis revealed that mutations in spliceosomal component genes occurred in 5.6% of unselected breast cancers, including hotspot mutations in the SF3B1 gene, which were found in 1.8% of unselected breast cancers. SF3B1 mutations were significantly associated with ER-positive disease, AKT1 mutations and distinct copy number alterations. Additional profiling of hotspot mutations in a panel of special histological subtypes of breast cancer showed that 16% and 6% of papillary and mucinous carcinomas of the breast harboured the SF3B1 K700E mutation. RNA sequencing identified differentially spliced events expressed in tumours with SF3B1 mutations including the protein coding genes TMEM14C, RPL31, DYNL111, UQCC and ABCC5 and the long non-coding RNA CRNDE. Moreover, SF3B1 mutant cell lines were found to be sensitive to the SF3b complex inhibitor spliceostatin A and treatment resulted in perturbation of the splicing signature. Our findings indicate that albeit rare, SF3B1 mutations result in alternative splicing events, and may constitute drivers and a novel therapeutic target in a subset of breast cancers.

Citation Format: Sarah Maguire, Andri Leonidou, Patty Wai, Caterina Marchio, Charlotte Ng, Ana Sapino, Anne Vincent-Salomon, Jorge Reis-Filho, Britta Weigelt, Rachael Natrajan. SF3B1 mutations constitute a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A2-02.