bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Present-day Poland Media Landscape: Compliance with EU Regulations
Authors: Zvozdetska Oksana
Published: November 2018

The article gives an in-depth analysis of the modern Poland government policy in taking on public media and the European Union stance regarding these reforms.

The author argues that Poland public media have been the subject of political disputes since the 90s of the last century. Noteworthy, in October 2015 the newly elected Polish government, namely, the ruling Law and Justice party (known by its Polish initials as PiS) announced its public media to radically reform. To be more precise, the government aimed at replacing the current public media with a national broadcaster that would promote national interests under closer government control.

According to PiS elite, Polish public media is presently supervised by the National Media Council, an organization that consists of members elected by the president and the Lower House of the Polish parliament. This means that Poland’s public media is under direct control of the government. The reform of the public media has been part of PiS plans to re-orientate Polish society towards traditional values since the party came back to power. What is more, the heads of the ruling Law and Justice party consider that the present-day public media are the tools of propaganda of the ruling in 2007-2015 and currently the oppositional liberal party – the Civic Platform.

The researcher notes that the Polish government launched a new parliamentary initiative as a result of legislative changes, and eventually, the government has returned to the state-known media-dependent government-owned model in the past. Furthermore, from the point of view of a democratic state, law and its main provisions, this reform stipulates the authorities and the mass media symbiosis. However, public media should guarantee freedom of speech, information and creative independence and the separation of public media from politics. Remarkably, in a country, where public media used to be a tool of the communist dictatorship until 1989, media and constitutional reforms pose threats to civil liberties.

According to NGO ‘Freedom House’ research, freedom of the press suffers from oppression by the authorities, the government’s intolerance to independent or unbiased journalism, political influence on the media and restrictions on freedom of expression regarding Polish history and consciousness. Interestingly according to the latest studies done in 2017, Poland public media have become partially free for the first time since 1990.

To conclude, in December 20, 2017 the European Parliament adopted the resolution, backing the European Commission decision, to initiate the sanctions imposition on Poland over judicial reform. Consequently, the European Commission triggered a procedure against undermining and shrinking of democracy, violation of human rights, freedom of speech, as well as pluralism and the formation of a dependent judicial system in Poland.

Keywords: Republic of Poland, public media, freedom of the press, EU sanctions
Prerequisites and Establishment of the Relations between Romania and the European Communities (1960-1970s)
Authors: Melnychuk Liubov
Published: November 2018

The author investigates the preconditions and establishment of the relations between Romania and the European Communities throughout the 60’s and 70’s of the twentieth century. It is argued that despite Romania’s becoming a totalitarian political system, the policy of distancing from the USSR contributed to the formation of a positive image of Romania in the EEC countries and the intensification of relations between the SRR and the countries of the Community. As a result, Romania became the first member of the GATT among the Eastern European states and has access to the financial resources of the IMF and IBRD and has been included in the Community General System of Preferences.
Keywords: Romania, European Community, European integration
Canada – from its establishment until the modern day
Authors: Makar Vitaliy
Published: November 2018

This year Canada celebrated the 150thanniversary of its official establishment, when the Act of British North America came into force. However, the Dominion was established, the British Parliament retained the ability of limited control over Canada until 1982. The Autonomy was granted by the Canadian Act of 1982, which freed Canada from the remaining dependence of the British Parliament forever. Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy as a formof the government. Noteworthy, the power of the monarch is purely nominal, and is represented by the Governor-General.
On the surface, if compared with other countries, Canada appears to be quite recently formed state. In reality, Canada has made significant progress in its development. Importantly, Canada is a member of the G-7. Leading countries and international organizations value the opinion and authority of the Maple Leaf Country. It is one of the most ethnically and culturally varied countries in the world, since it has always depended on immigration, which is governed by federal and provincial governments. Canada has one of the highest indicators of transparency of the government, civil liberties, economic freedom, quality of life and education in the world.
The article examines the stages of Canada’s establishment, political structure, economic development and potential opportunities. The author also focuses on the importance of Canadian-Ukrainian relations and collaboration. Currently, Canada is a special partner and pays considerable attention to all events that take place in Ukraine.
 
Keywords: Canada, provinces, territories, political structure,parliament, economy, Canadian-Ukrainian relations
2015 Migrant Crisis as a Stimulus for EU’s Modern Regulatory Policy Reconsidering: Management and Security Dimensions
Authors: Fisanov Volodymyr
Published: November 2018

The body of the article goes on to discuss the migration and refugee policy issues that went viral in media, as well as became widely discussed by experts and EU power-holding structures. Few researchers have addressed the problem under study and require an in-depth analysis. This paper outlines the evolution of the EU approaches to regulation and management of migration flows forced and caused by 2015 migrant crisis. The main weakness in the previous studies is that they make no attempt to upgrade tools and mechanisms for optimizing modern migration policy. Of particular importance is keynote actors’ impact on decision-making and shaping public opinion on migration problems – namely, European executives, NGO’s, pressmen as well as migrants and refugees themselves.

This paper has given an account of the Dublin Regulation (2013) that the author considers to be outdated. Since the migrant crisis started, it has been clear that this system is inadequate, and that some of the burden must be borne by Europe's wealthy northern states. There is evidence to suggest migration policy tools to be dramatically reformed, though the European Parliament’s planned amendment to Dublin Regulation could face new challenges. The findings of this study support the idea that most of the EU member states managed to pursue a common policy on triggering refugee influx, primarily in Greece and Italy, in addition to a joint stance in terms of fixing a quota on migrants – not including the Visegrad Group.

Keywords: 2015 Migrant crisis, common EU policy, Greece, Hungary, Dublin Regulation, refugees, economic migration
The issue of akcja ‘Wisła’ in the activities of the association of Lemkos in Poland (OLP) throughout 1990-2003
Authors: Drozd Roman
Published: November 2018

After the memorable elections of June 1989, Poland underwent crucial changes that essentially changed the socio-political structure of Poland. Due largely to these shifts and transformation, the Ukrainian minority began to seek the condemnation by the Sejm of the Vistula operation and the elimination of its consequences. Importantly, the Association of Lemkos in Poland (OLP) initiated the idea.

Keywords: Ukrainian minority, Operation Vistula (Polish: Akcja ‘Wisła’)
Tragic Pages in the History of the Polish People as an Important Constructs of Establish-ing Modern Ukrainian-Polish Relations
Authors: Strutynskyi Vladyslav
Published: November 2018

The proposed scientific exploration of the author traces the course of unprecedented 1930’s repression and genocide of national minorities in the USSR, including Poles who were the first nation to go through in this tragic Stalinist experiment. It should be stressed, that these problems are sure to be given an objective and ideologically unprejudiced consideration. According to the author, such approach will considerably facilitate better understanding and embracing of the so-called ‘rough and tough issues’ of shared history of the two neighboring nations. What is more, the problem under study is investigated through the prism of the causes and the course of mass deportations of Poles from the USSR to Kazakhstan.
Keywords: Deportation, genocide, displacement, border, international relations, Polish people, minority, Ukrainian-Polish relations
The creation and development of the international relations cooperation of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University
Authors: Marusyk Tamara
Published: November 2018

In this article the author shows the creation and development of the international activity as the important part of the innovative strategy of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi national University since its beginning in 1977 (the first agreement with University of Saskatchewan (Saskatoon, Canada) – till the latest agreement with the West Anhui University (Lu’an City, China) in October 2017. The author pays the attention to the necessity of improving this part of the innovative strategy as it is the important factor of the integration to the national educational system in the world’s educational space and strengthening of its competitiveness in the educational market.

Keywords: International cooperation, University, high education, science, culture, agreement, mobility
U.S. and Canada Immigration Periodization
Authors: Kozachuk Oleh
Published: November 2018

The changes that have taken place in the United States and Canadian immigration policies since the 1960s have changed the ethnic and racial profile of these states. The statistics and projections for the next 20-30 years show that ethnic and racial diversity in both the United States and Canada will only increase. Analysis of the transformation of the immigration policy of the USA and Canada of the fourth wave of immigration is of great scientific and practical value. Despite the Russian Federation’s hybrid aggression, Ukraine, being included in the world processes (such as modernization, democratization, globalization, etc.), should take into account the USA and Canada’s ways of implementing the immigration policy, as well as the role of the state in the control and regulation of immigration.
We deliberately highlight the four periods in the history of the U.S. and Canadian immigration (although possible variations on the detail of its periodization). In our opinion, this is not derived only from the historical facts, or the entry into force (or the lapse of validity) of certain normative and legal acts, as confirmed by the studies on migration studies, but also corresponds to our research approach of cross-national comparison in the form of indirect (implicit) binary comparison with the use of a research strategy for most analogous systems.
Keywords: Immigration, immigration policy, immigration waves, interethnic interaction
Analysis of Genotype × Environment Interaction for milk production in dairy cow
Authors: Kramarenko S. S. , Kuzmichova N. I. , Kramarenko A. S.
Published: November 2018

Genotype by environment interaction was studied with 526 lactation milk records of Red Steppe dairy cows maintained at State Enterprise “Breeding reproducer “Stepove” (Mykolayiv region, Ukraine). The analyses in this study were based on the milk yields of cow per 1st–10th month (M1–M10) and per 305 day for complete lactations (Y305). We tested the hypotheses that milk performance were influenced by the sire (factor “Sire”), by number of lactation (factor “NoL”), by of cow’s year of born (factor “Generation”) and by the season of calving (factor “SoC”). The data were analysed with the “Variance components” and the “ANOVA/MANOVA” modules of statistical software STATISTICA (StatSoft Inc, USA). Experimental cows originated from five sires. The effect of the sire was significantly expressed in milk yield from the 2nd to 7th month of lactation (in all cases: P < 0.001–0.024) and Y305 (P = 0.011). The 12-year period studied (year of cow’s birth from 2001 to 2011) was classified into four periods as follows: G1 – 2001–2003, G2 – 2004–2006, G3 – 2007–2009 and G4 – 2010–2011. Year of birth (factor “Generation”) had significant (in all cases: P < 0.001–0.044) effect on all traits studied (but not on M7–M8). All cows were divided according to the season of calving (SoC): winter (December to February), spring (March to May), summer (June to August) and autumn (September to November). The production of milk for M1–M2, M4–M8 and M10 (but not for 305 day lactation) statistically differed according to the season of calving (in all cases: P < 0.05). From the study results, a significant relationship was found between the milk yield and lactation number, with the maximum milk yield occurring in the third lactation cows (pattern 1 < 2 < 3 = 4+). Milk yields from the M1 to M6 month of lactation (in all cases: P < 0.001–0.017) and Y305 (P < 0.001) were statistically different between cows according to the number of lactation. Cow’s lactation number, year of birth and calving season causes differences in the shape and persistency of lactation curve. Genotype by environment interactions for lactation number and cow’s year of birth can be result in re-ranking of sire between the different environments.
The genetic determination of the economically useful characteristics of the cows of ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed
Authors: Shulyar A. L.
Published: November 2018

The economically useful characteristics of dairy cows depend on many genetic, physiological, technological and environmental factors. The modern cow population of Ukrainian dairy cows was formed by using the improved Holstein breed. The contribution of this breed into both the creation and the improvement of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed is reflected in its genealogic structure, as the prevailing part of the lines is of Holstein origin. That’s why the estimation of animals of different lines and the male descendants of the bulls in service according to the main economically useful characteristics is one of the most topical matters concerning the improvement of the rate of genetic potential realization of the animals under peculiar conditions as well as of the formation of highly productive and profitable dairy herds. As it follows from mentioned above, the goal of our research was to determine the effects of the bulls in service and their belonging to the line on economically useful characteristics of the cows. The material for the research was the information concerning the breed and productive use of the cows of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed on the breeding plant of the private agrarian firm (PAF) “Yerchyky” of Zhytomyr oblast, as well as the results of private research. To make an analysis there was used the information about the cows which were lactating for the period of 7 years when the feeding and keeping conditions were similar ones. For the purpose of the research on the genetic determination of economically useful characteristics of the cows of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, it has been made an analysis from among the groups of paternity and linear belonging. The comparison of group middle young cows’ indices from different bulls in service and cows of various linear belonging has been made on the live mass, measurements and indices of body constitution, on milk productivity and morpho-functional characteristics of the udder as well as on their reproductive capacity. A considerable and highly reliable level of intergroup differentiation of cows of various linear belonging as well as of half-sisters by the bull has been determined on the economically useful characteristics. By means of single-factor variance analysis it has been determined that the paternity has a significant effect on the economically useful characteristics of cows that stipulates 0.71–21.92% of total phenotypic changeability of the characteristics being taken into account, whereas the belonging to the line was 0.54–12.70%. The study of the effects of paternity and linear belonging of cows on the parameters of their life-long productivity will be the perspective of the further research.
Formation and productivity of photosynthetic apparatus of maize plants for the action of Polimiksobakteryn – a plant growth stimulator
Authors: Shevchenko L. A. , Tokmakova L. M.
Published: November 2018

Currently, the introduction of new techniques for corn growing technology, which involves the use of microbial drugs – growth stimulators and the study of their effects on the process of photosynthesis is relevant. In the conditions of field experiment on black soil, the effect of microbial preparation Polimiksobakteryn – a growth stimulator of plants on various methods of its application on the formation and productivity of the photosynthetic apparatus of maize plants of hybrid Dniprovsky 181 SV was studied. It was determined that the bacterialisation of seeds with subsequent surface treatment of vegetable corn plants with Polymiksobacteryn in the phase of 3–5 or 7–9 leaves – agroprimus, which provides activation of the process of photosynthesis. In particular, for the combination of bacteritisation and surface treatment of vegetative plants, the area of the leaf surface increases to 5315 cm2/plant in the flowering phase, which is 40.0% more relative to the control variant, this indicates an improvement in the conditions of growth and development of maize due to the growth-stimulating properties of the microbial preparation. The index of chlorophyll content (a + b) increases, and among all the experimental variants, the highest value of 146.7 mg/100 g of leaves installed with the combined use of Polimyksobacteryn – the bacteritisation of seeds and surface treatment by vegetation, which is 36.2% higher than the benchmark 107.7 mg/100 g of leaves. The increase in area of the leaf surface was accompanied by raising in the net photosynthesis efficiency of 6.34 g/m2 per day in the control version to 10.39 g/m2 per day (or 63.8%) as a result of bacteritisation and surface treatment of corn vegetable plants, indicating about formation of the optimum structure and productivity of the paper machine. It should be noted that according to the data, the method of using microbial preparation, which included seeding bacteria and superficial treatment of vegetative plants, better than taking bacteria or seed treatment separately. Therefore, in the cultivation of maize, the use of the microbial preparation Polymiksobacteryn, the growth stimulator of plants, by bacterialization of seeds in combination with surface treatment of plants in vegetation, increases the quantitative and improves qualitative parameters of photosynthetic activity of plants, which is essentially of practical importance for increasing the productivity of this culture.
Analysis of the dynamics of changes in the ecological state of surface waters of the Busk district
Authors: Matsuska O. V. , Sukhorska O. P. , Chaban Ya. M.
Published: November 2018

On the basis of the generalization and systematization of the results of the regime observations made by environmental monitoring services it has been made an ecological assessment of the water quality in the Ukrainian part of the Western Bug River basin (in six section lines of observation). It has been found, the largest source of mechanical contaminations, organic pollutants and nutrients in the Western Bug River is the river Poltva. That is why insufficiently treated waste water of Lviv increases the level of water pollution in this Basin. Main focus is concentrated on the river Western Bug and its stream tributary (the Poltva river), which significantly affects its ecological status. The data concerning pollution indicators for 2015–2018 years was analyzed. A comparison characteristics of the change of pollution of the investigated water objects is carried out in three lookout points: in the river Poltva before falling into the river Western Bug, in the river Western Bug (background area) the above-fall of the Poltva River, in the river Western Bug the below-fall of the Poltva River.                 Exceeding of the permitted values of most indicators was detected in 2017: suspended matters – 2.4 MPC, ammonium nitrogen – 8.7 MPC, phosphates – 8 MPC, low level of dissolved oxygen is observed, because of high content of organic matters. This situation is better in the basin of the Western Bug River in the sampled area in 2018. The water of the Poltva River is much cleaner in comparison to the previous year, containing up to 2.3 times less suspended substances, 5.1 times less phosphates and 1.3 times organic substances. In this year there is a significant improvement in the ecological state of the Western Bug River, after the falling into the Poltva River. The ecological state of water of these water basins depends on the efficiency of the treatment facilities, especially in Lviv. Municipal wastewater treatment facilities have undergone repair works over recent years in Lviv.
Modern lighting systems for livestock enterprises
Authors: Muniv R. M.
Published: November 2018

The constant rise in electricity prices, at least 10% each year, makes livestock growers pay a lot of attention to finding ways to reduce their costs. Between different types of lighting, including in the field of agriculture, the leader in developed countries is LED. The main advantage of LED technology is energy efficiency. Properly selected intensity and duration of illumination have a very positive effect on health, fertility, well-being and productivity of dairy cattle and poultry. The 16-hour illumination regime at a level of 150–200 lux followed by 8-hour darkness leads to an increase in milk yield by 15%, increased fertility, reduced intervals between calving and early diagnosis of animal diseases. We recommend to keep at least 150 lux for 16–18 hours, and then 8–6 hours of darkness for quality pig development. The farrowing room requires 16 hours of light followed by an 8-hour period of darkness. The minimum level of illumination for horses is 150–200 lux. This level of illumination coupled with the 16-hour lighting regime and the subsequent 8-hour darkness gives positive results in reproduction, making a significant impact on hormonal levels and fertility of horses. The traditional incandescent lamps, while performing their lighting functions, lose thermal energy production to 95% of electricity, and only 5% turns into useful light energy. When operating LED bulbs 40–50% of electric energy is converted into light energy. Thus, the efficiency of LED lamps is 5–10 times higher than that of incandescent lamps. The biggest drawback of LED bulbs is their value, but the use of LED devices can save up to 70% of electricity. Energy-saving lamps save up to 80% of energy, sometimes even more. Obviously this becomes, if you translate interest in hryvnia. At a considerable cost of fluorescent lamps (LEDs) and LEDs during their work (from 6-12 thousand h and up to 50 thousand h.) It is possible to save 165–1314 UAH. And this is on one lamp. The main difference is the price for the lamps themselves. LL costs about 25 UAH, and LED – 80–250 UAH. The fairly high cost is compensated for a long time. Lamps can serve from 4 years (L) to 12 years (LED lamps). In animal husbandry, as in one of the most energy intensive industries, the use of LED systems is most relevant, since it allows you to reduce the cost of production.
Perancangan Infografis Songket Lombok
Authors: Ahda Fadhli Almu’iini , Rahman Fariz Aulia
Published: November 2018

Pulau Lombok tidak hanya memiliki keindahan alam yang menakjubkan, Pulau Lombok juga memiliki kain tenun khas daerah yang dinamakan kain songket Lombok. Namun demikian, masih banyak masyarakat luas yang belum mengetahui keberadaan songket Lombok tersebut khususnya masyarakat luar pulau Lombok. Dengan seiring berkembangnya teknologi sekarang, informasi dalam bentuk video animasi banyak diminati masyarakat luas karena tampilannya yang lebih menarik. Maka dari itu informasi kain songket Lombok berupa video infografis sangat diperlukan. Infografis adalah media yang digunakan untuk menginformasikan tentang keindahan kains ongket Lombok, dengan menggunakan infografis ini informasi akan terlihat menarik dan mudah dipahami. Observasi dilakukan langsung dipengrajin songket yaitu di desa Sukerare dan desa Sade. Melakukan wawancara langsung ke pengerajin juga berperan penting untuk mengetahui data apa saja yang dibutuhkan. Perancangan video animasi infografis ini menggunakan teknik motion graphic. Perancangan infografis ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang kain songket Lombok kepada wisatawan lokal maupun mancanegara. Perancangan konsep mengambil tema infografis. Infografis ini menggunakan gambar, foto, backsound dan juga text sebagai pendukung. Video animasi ini dirancang menggunakan aplikasi Adobe Ilustrator CS6 untuk membuat sketsa menjadi bentuk digital, Adobe After Effect CS6 untuk membuat pergerakan animasi, Adobe Audition CS6 untuk memberi dubbing. Hasil dari pengujian kepada 33 responden sebagai sampel adalah77. 5%.
Multimedia Interaktif Sebagai Media Informasi Mengenai Pengenalan Energi Alternatif
Authors: Arifin Jaenal , Fadhlillah M. Rizky
Published: November 2018

Energi alternatif merupakan alternatif sumber daya alam yang digunakan untuk berbagai macam keperluan sehari-hari di Indonesia, informasi mengenai energi alternatif sangat minim sekali karena belum banyak sarana atau media yang membahasnya sehingga pelajar maupun masyarakat luas belum mengetahui apa energi alternatif serta manfaatnya. Oleh karena itu penggunaan multimedia interaktif merupakan solusi yang dapat mengatasi masalah kurangnya informasi tersebut. Tujuan dari pembuatan multimedia interaktif ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi dan pengenalan seputar energi alternatif khususnya yang sudah dikembangkan karena energi alternatif jumlahnya terus bertambah dikarenakan banyak inovasi dari pengembangan energi alternatif yang sudah ada. Selain bersifat interaktif, media ini juga berisi penjelasan mengenai perkembangan energi alternatif untuk masa depan agar media ini tidak menjadi media yang ketinggalan zaman dan dapat berfungsi sebagai alat untuk memberikan edukasi mengenai pemanfaatan energi alternatif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian yang dilakukan berdasarkan permasalahan yang telah diselesaikan dengan pembuatan multimedia interaktif dapat dikatakan baik dan membuat user tertarik untuk menggunakannya sebagai sarana pengenalan energi alternatif dan pengembangannya.
Evaluation ` Quality Standards of Education Sector
Authors: Jawad Kazem Ahmed , Aliwi Shaimaa Jabbar
Published: November 2018

The study aimed to evaluate and develop quality standards in the education sector, through sampling the opinion of stakeholders the current standards and make the development it as it notes the existence of problematic standards in the current standards and thus th eir inability to diagnose the actual reality of education, the study was based on the case study method and homeliness and field interviews with those involved in order to get the data, it has been a form design included the proposed standards for adoption instead of the current standards has also been used a number of statistical methods and standards including

the global exploratory analysis and so with the help of statistical program (SPSS) :The current study findings to a set of conclusions was the most important:The existence of a concrete blurry and weak when managers regarding the application of knowledge standards, The study concluded a set of recommendations Perhaps the most important: increased support and develop managers and teachers the ability to establish positive relationships with students and colleagues at work, taking into account the need to adopt standards proposed and obtained the agreement of the study sample.
MODERN PROBLEMS OF ACCOUNTING LOANS AND ENTERPRISE CREDITS
Authors: Allaban Dhyaa Abdulrazaq
Published: November 2018

Modern financial accounting is one of the factors that helps to solve the problem of interest on loans to companies and organizations that are troubled or suffer from lack of financial liquidity in order to develop production and try to open up to the market. The research has been divided into two sections. The first topic includes the methodology of the research and the second part, which deals with theoretical side of the accounting of the loans and their forms, and method of treatment the interest on loans in addition to find the best solutions for the rescheduling and evaluation of non-performing loans according to the law of the Central Bank of Russian federation and Russian commercial and governmental banks alike.
Analysis Support Activities Value Chain Model to the Porter and Impact on the Knowledge Department
Authors: Al-Shammari Entidhar A. J. , Al-Faqir Thamer K. H.
Published: November 2018

This study seeks to determine the nature of the relationship between the value chain model and knowledge development of the , has been selected research problem that can be identified in performance weakness value chain model for porter with all its activities than effects on knowledge development deceleration, the subject of interest the value topics that are still in the process attention given, the aim of research to supply organization to the solution effective implementation for value chain model activities, the importance research to raising the level of knowledge development and standing on point strengths and weakness organization n and has been using checklist involved (75) and personal interview (21) and watched the purpose information collected and corrected as a located for conduct research, and the researcher reached a set of conclusions important the company ability weakness to provide had quality products because many challenges that faced and the severe competition, so the two researchers necessary put plan and programs to process improvement to achieve value add to activities for empowerment organization to the competition.
Impact of Core Competencies in Product Design Decision
Authors: Al-Rahim Ayad Mahmoud , Jayan Reem Abdul Karim
Published: November 2018

A result of the growing challenges facing companies today and the sharp changes in the internal and external environment and the rapid developments that have resulted in companies seeking to attract those with outstanding skills and rare that have the core competencies to make them the point starting and an important source to achieve competitive advantages and to entrepreneurship in all its designs The research sought to highlight the impact of intrinsic capabilities as an independent variable in product design decision as an approved variable. The problem of field research is reflected in the limited exploitation and development of workers' skills and core competencies, which is reflected in the design of their products as well as their competitive role in the market.  The research also aimed at clarifying the role of the core competencies possessed by the company in improving the design of its products to invest and develop them to provide products in a manner that distinguishes them from competitors by using the correct techniques for product design. The descriptive analytical approach was used and the questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting research data and information,. It was distributed to a sample of 98 managers and officials in the General Company for Hydraulic Industries (AL Hydraulic Plant,AL Plastic Factory) and using the statistical program (Spss.V.24) ) To process data in the applied side of the study: simple regression analysis to measure the effect of intrinsic determinants on product design decision, t-test, Guttman LA correlation coefficient to determine the persistence of the questionnaire, Spearman Relationship between variables. A number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which is the need for the company to consolidate and integrate all its workforce within the company to benefit from the diversity of knowledge and to ensure the exchange of information among them which positively reflect their business and achieve the company's objectives. The most important recommendations of the research are the need to adopt the company management of the  strategies to be among the priorities in the protection of the environment in accordance with the standard ISO 14000 in the design of its products, and the need to know and rely on the specifications adopted by international companies and taking into account when adopting strategies to protect the environment .
The Role of Value Chain in Winning Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty
Authors: Al-Khalaf Nidal Mohammad , Hassan Nour Faleh
Published: November 2018

Current research deals with the subject of the value chain and indicate their satisfaction and customer loyalty through the after sales services activity came the importance of research through to all of the value chain and how work to earn customer satisfaction if the value string consists of a series of activities and one of those activities is the after sales services activity that works to provide assistance to the customer after the purchase process and solve the problems associated with the procurement process by listening to the customer and work on the study Those problems, which result in customer satisfaction for those considering company earn customer satisfaction and loyalty in the meantime interest to all companies that work to increase market share and ensure its continuity under intense competition in the current economic environment.
The Estimation of Survival and Associated Factors in Self-Immolation Attempters in Ilam Province of Iran (2011-2015)
Authors: Bazyar Jafar , Jahangiri Katayoun , Safarpour Hamid , Safi Keykaleh Meysam , Varasteh Saeideh , Malekyan Leila , Mohammadi Ehsan
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: Self-immolation is the most common method of suicide in Ilam province.
AIM: This study aimed to estimate the survival rate in self-immolation attempters in Ilam and identify the associated factors.
METHODS: A descriptive-analytic study was conducted based on data collected at Taleghani Hospital in Ilam, Iran. All persons passed away due to self-immolation or those hospitalised in the centre of the self-burned patients located in Ilam during 2011 to 2015 were assessed. Survival rate was calculated based on Kaplan-Meier. To compare the survival rate between groups, Univariate Log Rank and for multivariate analysis, the Cox test of STATA12 software was used.
RESULTS: During 2011 to 2015, 236 persons including 168 females and 69 males committed self-immolation. The mean and median of survival time in attempters were 32.2 ± 4.7 and 3 ± 0.33 days, respectively. In Univariate Log-Rank test, the following variables including age, sex, burn degree, Total Body Surface Area (TBSA), and burns in neck and head and lower limbs had a significantly meaningful relation with survival, while in multivariate Cox Regression test only two variables including Total Body Surface Area and age remained in the model.
CONCLUSION: The mean and median survival rate in self-attempters are very low. Quickly hospitalisation without waste of time should be considered. Providing prompt treatments and compensating dehydration in early hours especially within the first 24 hours of self-immolation are very vital. Younger persons and those with lower burn surface have more chance for longer survival and recuperation.
The Correlation between Adherence and Asthma Patients Quality of Life in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuni Arlinda Sari , Hamid Rozaimah Zain , Bachtiar Adang , Nerdy Nerdy
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic airway disease that is based on an inflammatory process and a serious health problem around the world. Asthma is often associated with treatment management factor. Adherence is the patient’s compliance towards their doctor's advice, which is accompanied by their understanding and follows the doctors’ advice consistently.
AIM: This study aimed to get a valid and reliable adherence measure in asthma patients especially in Medan.
METHODS: This research used the method of quantitative done by the cross-sectional approach. The sample (200 adult asthma patients) used standard asthma medication, stable asthma patients and did not suffer from severe asthma or other accompanying diseases. Data were analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis, which is SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analysis.
RESULTS: The best dimension of medication adherence was the dimension of beliefs in medication 64%. The highest education adherence is at college education level which is 67.6%. Employment status with highest adherence value is medication on civil servant/military/police with the value of 67.7.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a correlation between adherence and asthma patient’s quality of life in Medan.
The Effects of Filgrastim on Complications of Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage Due To Head Trauma
Authors: Qaribi Morteza , Yazdanbakhsh Arash , Ahmadi Koorosh , Maghsoudi Mohammad Reza , Farshin Vagefe , Ahmadi Ali , Jokar Abolfazl
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: Filgrastim, a neopogen brand, is a blood-forming agent and a natural protein in the body that plays a role in stimulating the growth of white blood cells and protecting them against infectious agents. To the best of knowledge, human and animal specimens have shown the effect of Filgrastim on treating brain injuries regarding bone marrow transfusion into the blood, neuroprotection, stimulation of neurons for forming new neural networks and reducing the risk of bacterial infections.
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Filgrastim on the prognosis of a cerebral haemorrhage in patients with traumatic brain injury.
METHODS: This study was conducted as a clinical trial, in which the initial diagnosis of patients with cerebral haemorrhage due to head trauma was performed with a clinical examination and CT scan. After the patient arrives at the emergency room, the patient's initial examination is performed, and blood tests are taken from the patient. Moreover, CBC values (Hb, Platelet, Hematocrit) were checked and recorded in the checklist. The intervention group received 150 mcg/day Filgrastim injected subcutaneously for 4 days. Furthermore, patients in the control group received the same amount of sterile water. At the end of the treatment period, blood tests were performed again in all patients, and their results were then recorded. All data were analysed by SPSS v.21 software package.
RESULTS: Our findings revealed that the mean volume of bleeding in the intervention group based on CT scan was significantly reduced after four days as compared to the control group. Moreover, the mean score of consciousness and muscular strength of patients in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group. Also, WBCs in the intervention group exhibited a significant increase after four days of intervention, while platelet and hematocrit levels in the intervention group decreased significantly compared to the control group.
CONCLUSION: Regarding the results, the therapeutic application of filtration is considered to be effective. Given the lack of serious complications of the proposed dosages, the use of this drug can be suggested.
Use of Fentanyl Patch and Intravenous Morphine for Treatment of Leg Bone Fracture: Treatment Profile, and Clinical Effectiveness
Authors: Jokar Abolfazl , Ahmadi Koorosh , Hajimaghsoodi Leila , Ketabi Saman
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: Severe pain is one of the major problems in patients with leg bone fracture. Various methods have been proposed to relieve pain. Opioids are one of the most important available medications to control these types of pain. Among the opioids available, fentanyl can be applied for its unique properties as transdermal patches.
AIM: Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of intravenous morphine and fentanyl skin patch in patients with a lower leg fracture.
METHODS: We entered 60 patients in this randomised, one-blind randomised clinical trial among patients referring to the emergency department of Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Arak with a fracture of the leg. Demographic and clinical data were recorded for patients. The case group (n = 30) received the fentanyl patch in the same area. Patients in the control group (30) received 0.1mcg/kg of morphine intravenously. In both groups, the severity of pain was measured every 20 minutes within two hours after onset of treatment based on VAS criteria and subsequently recorded in the checklist. Data were analysed by SPSS v.22 software package.
RESULTS: The results of the present study demonstrated that the mean visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score at minutes 20, 40, 60 and 80 were statistically lower in intervention group when compared with the control group (p = 0.000).
CONCLUSION: Our results indicated a considerable risk-benefit profile for the treatment of pain in patients suffering from dysphagia, nausea and vomiting, or resistance to other opioids. The use of fentanyl patch is also suitable for patients who are not able to take their medication at their scheduled time.
Effect of Denture Base Reinforcement Using Light Cured E- Glass Fibers on the Level of Salivary Immunoglobulin A
Authors: El Naggar Shady M. , Seif El Nasr Mohamed I. , Sakr Hassan M. , Eissa Sherihan M. , Elboraey Asmaa N. , Moussa Amani R.
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: A gap still exists between in vitro and clinical studies concerning the biocompatibility of the material in the oral environment and their potential to cause immunological undesirable side effects. The uses of glass fibres to improve the mechanical properties of acrylic resin denture base polymers are well documented in vitro.
AIM: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of denture base reinforcement using light-cured E- glass fibres mesh on the level of salivary immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) in patients wearing complete dentures.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourteen completely edentulous patients, in need of complete dentures, participated in the study. The patients were divided into two groups (n = 7) according to the treatment protocol. In the first group, patients received conventional heat-cured acrylic resin dentures. In the second group, the mandibular dentures were reinforced using light cured resin impregnated E glass fibres mesh. In both groups, salivary samples were collected using passive drool technique. The level IgA was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique at different time intervals. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey`s post-hoc test and independent t-test. The significant level was set at P ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS: Acrylic resin dentures and reinforced ones demonstrated an increase in the mean values of IgA level at the end of the follow-up intervals. And this increase was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Although, the reinforced dentures revealed higher mean values, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05)
CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of the present study, the following could be concluded: (1) the insertion of complete dentures induced changes in the level of IgA; and (2) denture base reinforcement using light cured resin impregnated E-glass fibres mesh had a similar effect to that of heat cured acrylic resin on the level of IgA.
Predictors of Glucose Control in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Results of a Cross‑Sectional Study in Khartoum, Sudan
Authors: Taha Zainab , Eltoum Zeinab , Washi Sidiga
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a rapidly growing problem in Sudan as well as other African countries. Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes have previously been found to have poor glycemic control. Strict glycemic control reduces the incidence and progression of chronic complications.
AIM: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with glycemic control among children and adolescents.
METHODS: The study was a health-centre based descriptive cross-sectional study. Data on socioeconomic, demographic, disease history, and diabetes-specific variables was obtained. Glycemic control was assessed by measuring glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C). Linear regression analysis was done to determine factors associated with glycemic control.
RESULTS: One hundred Sudanese children with T1DM aged from (1-18) years were recruited for the study (63 % females). Most of the study children (80%) had high random blood glucose levels. Less than half (40%) suffered from the presence of glucose in their urine and one-quarter of them have urine ketones. Also, Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level of the study children showed that more than three-quarters (76%) had poor glycemic control. It was found that there is no relationship between nutritional status and glycemic control. However, there is a relationship between socioeconomic status and glycemic control (P = 0.025)
CONCLUSION: To improve metabolic control, more frequent BGM should be encouraged among children and adolescents with T1DM. Emphasis needs to be put on providing families with children with diabetes with the medical, financial and social support for better control of their diabetes.
S100B Serum Level as a Mortality Predictor for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Golden Nyoman , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus , Aryanti Citra , Widyadharma I Putu Eka
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of inflammatory neuronal cell damage will continue after traumatic brain injury in which contributed to subsequent mortality. Serum S100B levels were shown to be an early predictor of mortality due to traumatic brain injury.
AIM: This Meta-Analysis will analyse the mean and diagnostic strength of serum S100B levels between survived and died subjects with head injuries based on the various follow-up times of nine studies.
METHODS: We conducted a meta-anelysis in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and adhering to Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions. Literature search was conducted on March 16, 2018 from Medline and Scopus in the past 10 years, using various keywords related to S100, brain injury, and outcome. Duplicate journals were sorted out via EndNote. Included articles were as follows: original data from the group, clinical trials, case series, patients undergoing serum S100B levels with both short- and long-term follow-up mortality. Data were collected for mortality, serum S100B levels, and its diagnostic strength. All data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 (Cochrane, Denmark).
RESULTS: The results of the meta-analysis showed a significant difference in S100B levels between survived and died subjects with head injuries on overall follow-up timeline (0.91, 95.9% CI 0.7-1.12, I2 = 98%, p < 0.001), during treatment (1.43, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.89, I2 = 98%, p < 0.001), or 6 months (0.19; 95%CI 0.1-0.29, I2 = 76%, p < 0.001) with an average threshold value that varies according to the study method used. The mean diagnostic strength was also promising to predict early mortality (sensitivity of 77.18% and 92.33%, specificity of 78.35% and 50.6%, respectively).
CONCLUSION: S100B serum levels in the future will be potential biomarkers, and it is expected that there will be standardised guidelines for their application.