bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The serious impact and consequences of physical assault
Authors: Fuller Georgina
Published: January 2024

The prevention of assault has been a high-profile, long-term concern for government and police agencies. However, while the nature and impacts of certain types of physical violence, such as domestic or sexual assault, have been extensively studied, this is not the case for more traditional forms of physical assault. Understanding the needs of victims of physical assault, particularly in an Australian context, is important in order to ensure that services are adequately able to address these victims’ needs. This paper represents the first research to be published using the Australian Institute of Criminology’s Database of Victimisation Experiences; a qualitative database that can be used to better explore the nature and impact of violent victimisation. In this paper, the findings of an analysis of cases of non-domestic, non-sexual physical assault are described. While victims experienced a variety of psychological and physical difficulties as a consequence of assault, this study demonstrates how the impacts often extended into wider aspects of victim/survivors’ lives.
Corruption in Australian sport
Authors: Bricknell Samantha
Published: January 2024

Corruption in Australian sport is not a new phenomenon. A series of high-profile cases in Australia, combined with an increasing international focus, has seen a reassessment of Australian sport’s vulnerability to illegal activities such as match-fixing, use of inside information for betting purposes and the use of performance and image-enhancing drugs. This has led to the development and endorsement of national policies on match-fixing and doping, the establishment of sport integrity units, inclusion of specialist intelligence units in law enforcement and the creation of new match-fixing offences. Yet the actual extent of corruption in Australian sport remains unclear. In particular, does it exist more in the form of a threat rather than an intrinsic or widespread problem? This paper examines some of the events that have affected the integrity of Australian sport between 2009–13 to describe the way in which corruption has manifested, the environment that has engendered the corrupt behaviour and the extent to which these incidents were primarily local events involving local actors. It also proposes situational crime prevention techniques that may assist in framing and responding to corruption in Australian sport.
Examining adult-onset offending: A case for adult cautioning
Authors: Thompson Carleen , Stewart Anna , Allard Troy , Chrzanowski April , Luker Chelsea , Sveticic Jerneja
Published: January 2024

Very little is known about adult-onset offenders. This makes it difficult to know the most effective way for the criminal justice system to respond to these offenders. This project examined the nature of adult-onset offending in the 1983–84 Queensland Longitudinal Data Cohort and explored whether adult cautioning may be a suitable and cost-effective alternative to current court processing. Half of all offenders in this cohort started offending in adulthood (between 18 and 25 years), however, most adult-onset offenders had just one or two relatively less serious officially recorded offences. The authors argue that extending formal police cautioning to include first-time, less serious adult-onset offenders is a cost-effective strategy that would enable scarce criminal justice resources to be redirected to provide evidence-based interventions for more serious and prolific offenders who present an ongoing risk of offending.
Supply-side reduction policy and drug-related harm
Authors: Wan Wai-Yin , Weatherburn Don , Wardlaw Grant , Sarafidis Vasilis , Sara Grant
Published: January 2024

This study examines whether seizures of heroin, cocaine or amphetamine-type substances (ATS) or supplier arrests for heroin, cocaine or ATS trafficking affect emergency department admissions related to, or arrests for, use and possession of these drugs. Two strategies were employed to answer the question. The first involved a time series analysis of the relationship between seizures, supplier arrests, emergency department admissions and use/possess arrests. The second involved an analysis of three specific operations identified by the NSW Crime Commission as having had the potential to affect the market for cocaine. The associations between supply reduction variables and use and harm measures for cocaine and ATS were all either not significant or positive. These findings suggest that increases in cocaine or ATS seizures or ATS supplier arrests are signals of increased (rather than reduced) supply. The three significant operations dealing with cocaine listed by the NSW Crime Commission did bring an end to the upward trend in the frequency of arrests for use and possession of cocaine. Thus, very large-scale supply control operations do sometimes reduce the availability of illicit drugs.
Challenges of responding to online fraud victimisation in Australia
Authors: Cross Cassandra , Smith Russell , Richards Kelly
Published: January 2024

Online fraud occurs when an individual or a business responds in some manner to an unsolicited invitation received via the internet and suffers financial or other detrimental effects as a result. In 2010–11, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) found that over 1.2 million Australians (6.7% of the population aged 15 years and over) had been a victim of personal fraud, losing approximately $1.4b in the preceding 12 months. More than half of these victims (55.7%) were contacted via the internet or email (online victimisation). In addition to monetary losses, victims of online fraud suffer serious psychological, emotional, social and even physical problems as a consequence of their victimisation. This paper explores the challenges of responding to online fraud victimisation in Australia and describes some of the specific support services that have recently emerged to support victims of this crime.
Profiling parental child sex abuse
Authors: Goodman-Delahunty Jane
Published: January 2024

Public policy initiatives to redress parental child sexual offenders have been hindered by the absence of an offending profile that characterises this core group of intrafamilial offenders. Drawing on data from a sample of 213 offenders, this study augments knowledge about sex offender typologies by identifying ten key descriptive features of parental offenders. The findings revealed that parental sex offenders have a distinctive profile unlike that of other child sexual offenders and are more criminally versatile than presupposed. This may provide useful information to support clinical practice and preventive interventions aimed at increasing offender desistance and reducing threats to the safety and welfare of young children and their families.
Hemogramas de ejemplares inmaduros de tortuga verde (Chelonia mydas) en el Golfo de Venezuela
Authors: Espinoza–Rodríguez Nínive , Conde Brirelys , Barrios–Garrido Héctor
Published: January 2024

Existen varios estudios sobre análisis hematológicos en tortugas marinas a nivel mundial que permiten evaluar el estado de salud de sus poblaciones. El resultado de estos análisis constituye el primer indicio de alguna alteración fisiológica en estos reptiles. Es importante destacar que estos valores pueden variar por diversas razones como ubicación geográfica, especie, población, tamaño, entre otros. En Venezuela, la mayoría de los estudios sobre perfiles sanguíneos se han dirigido a individuos adultos. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir los hemogramas de ejemplares inmaduros de tortuga verde (Chelonia mydas) capturados incidentalmente en el Golfo de Venezuela en varios puertos pesqueros artesanales. Se analizaron muestras sanguíneas de 28 individuos de tortuga verde entre los años 2009 – 2012. El promedio del Largo Curvo de Caparazón fue de 36,06 ± 16,15 cm, considerándose en su totalidad individuos inmaduros. Las variables hematológicas registradas mostraron valores dentro de los intervalos referentes para la especie según estudios realizados en la zona; con excepción de algunos individuos que presentaron valores de hematocrito, RGR (106·μL-1), heterófilos, eosinófilos, monocitos y linfocitos superiores. Los hemogramas resultan en una herramienta diagnóstica rápida y económica, que permite evaluar, detectar y descartar una amplia variedad de enfermedades. Estos esfuerzos permitirán diferenciar individuos enfermos de sanos y detectar cambios en los parámetros por procesos fisiológicos, como el crecimiento, estatus hormonal y estrés. En función de los hallazgos patológicos poder definir estrategias de rehabilitación y seguimiento de los ejemplares.
Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Distal Extremity Lesions in Racehorses
Authors: Ersöz–Kanay Berna , Çatalkaya Emine , Arserim Neval Berrin , Ketani Muzaffer Aydın , Demirtaş Berjan
Published: January 2024

Distal extremity lesions are prevalent in racehorses and cause mild–to–severe lameness, adversely affecting the racing life of horses. This study aimed to determine the incidence of distal extremity lesions in racehorses, to clinically and radiologically assess those lesions. The study included 158 limbs from 140 horses with distal extremity lesions among 282 horses of different breeds, age and sex that were presented to Equine Hospital of the Directorate of Diyarbakir, Turkey, Hippodrome with various clinical complaints during a racing season. Following anamnesis, the horses were clinically examined and lameness was localised. In cases where the lameness could not be localised upon physical examination, regional anaesthesia was performed, followed by radiological assessments based on radiographs acquired from different positions. Clinical and radiological examination revealed that 84.17% of the cases occurred in the forelimb and 15.82% in the rear limb, and the lesions in the forelimb were mostly located in the carpal joint (26.58%), metacarpus (25.31%) and metacarpophalangeal joint (23.41%), whereas those in the rear limb were located in the tarsal joint (7.5%). Therefore, the lesions in the forelimbs were more prevalent than those in the rear limbs of the affected racehorses. Radiography remains a satisfactory imaging technique for the diagnostic imaging of distal limb injuries in horses owing to its cost–effectiveness.
Stimulating Innovative Work Behavior among Academics in Private Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: Ibus Salbeha , Wahab Eta , Ismail Fadillah , Omar Rosmaria
Published: January 2024

Studies on the determinants of innovative work behaviour have been well researched. However, studies particularly investigated the mediator role of self-efficacy on the relationship between selfleadership and innovative work behaviour remain scarce. Thus, to fill the gap the mediating effect of self-efficacy on self-leadership and innovative work behavior is examined. In addition this study also identifying the relationship among self-efficacy, self-leadership and innovative work behaviour besides forming a predictive model of linkage between self-efficacy, self-leadership and innovative work behaviour. Three hundred fifty data were collected from academics and analysed by using SPSS and AMOS. Correlation analysis and structured equation modelling were used to answer the research objectives. Results showed that there were significant values derived from the relationship between self-efficacy and self-leadership (r=.621, p=.000), the relationship between self-efficacy and innovative work behaviour (r=.606, p=.000), and the relationship between selfleadership and innovative work behaviour (r=.668, p=.000). The predictive model achieved a good fit value of RMSEA=.056, GFI=.928, CFI=.966, TLI=.957 and Chisq/df=2.052. While the bootstrapping result for mediating test showed that self-efficacy as a partial mediator in a relationship between self-leadership with innovative work behaviour. The findings would assist educational institutions in cultivating innovative behaviours among academics through self-leadership and self-efficacy. Meanwhile, the predictive model can be used as primary source guidelines in elevating the innovative work behaviour at a higher level, especially for the next researches
Cezalandırılabilirliğin Öne Çekilmesi (Ön Alan Ceza Hukuku) Vasıtasıyla Terörle Mücadele Edilmesi
Authors: Kazaker Bozkurt Gözde , Yurtlu Fatih
Published: January 2024

Predating criminal responsibility, which is a general term that covers all criminal norms that associate punishability with an act that precedes the occurrence of damage in time, is frequently encountered within the scope of fighting against terrorism. Because predating criminal responsibility is seen as a ‘remedy’ by states in order to optimise the effectiveness of their fighting against terrorism, which poses one of the biggest threats to their internal security. By the criminalisation of activities long before a terrorist act - in the early stages (planning and preparing)-, it is aimed to protect every citizen, as well as society and the rule of law itself, from this now globalized threat. This role assigned to criminal law, which is the sharp sword of states and therefore should be a last resort (ultima ratio), in the fight against terrorism has turned it into a police law. In our study, first of all, the concepts we used are explained. Then current German criminal law on terrorism is mentioned as an example that overextends appropriate borders in criminalizing chains of preparations. Following these sections, the situation in Turkish criminal law is discussed. In the conclusion section, our evaluations on the subject are included.
Terör Örgütü Yöneticisinin Örgütün Faaliyeti Çerçevesinde İşlenen Suçlardan Dolayı Sorumluluğu
Authors: Koca Mahmut
Published: January 2024

Establishing an organization with the intention of committing crimes makes it much easier to commit crimes in accordance with the organization's purpose and activities. The organization becomes a source of power that dominates its members through the hierarchical structure within the organization. Consequently, criminal organizations, especially terrorist groups with more rigid hierarchies, have substantial capabilities in terms of providing tools, materials, and members for committing crimes within the scope of their objectives and activities. Individuals leading criminal organizations can easily direct this organized power apparatus to commit crimes within the scope of the organization’s activities. Therefore, it is imperative that organizational leaders be held accountable for crimes committed within the framework of the organization's activities. However, how organizational leaders should be held accountable for such crimes poses a significant problem. The general rules related to participation in crime are not always sufficient in this regard. Hence, the addition of a separate provision in the fifth paragraph of Article 220 of the Turkish Penal Code (TPC) has been appropriate. Thus, in cases where the participation status of the leader of the organization in concrete crimes committed within the framework of the activities of the organization cannot be determined according to the general rules on participation, the responsibility of the leader of the organization should be determined according to this provision. However, according to the fifth paragraph of Article 220 of the TPC, it is not specified which conditions must be met in order to hold the organization leader responsible for the crimes committed within the framework of the organization's activities. Based on the criterion of "substitutability" mentioned in the preamble of the article, the idea that this provision should be interpreted according to the theory of "indirect agency based on a mechanism of organized dominance" developed by the German jurist Roxin and considered to be a third form of indirect perpetration, is widely accepted in Turkish doctrine and case law. In this paper, views, criticisms, and assessments regarding how this provision should be understood are included.
Kripto Para ve Terörizmin Finansmanı
Authors: Akbulut Berrin
Published: January 2024

Developments in technology can affect human life positively, but can also affect it negatively by being used in committing crimes. Developments in the field of cryptocurrency also bring positive advantages, but also cause negative consequences due to the possibility of being used in illegal activities. Some individuals or terrorist organisations use cryptocurrency technology to finance terrorism by taking advantage of its features such as privacy, untraceability and anonymity. Financing of terrorism is not a problem that concerns only one country. Therefore, international works are carried out in this field and on cryptocurrencies. In order to prevent the financing of terrorism in Türkiye, the Law No. 6415 on the Prevention of Terrorism Financing dated 07.03.2013 was enacted. This Law regulates the crime of financing terrorism and includes the measure of asset freezing. There is no regulation on cryptocurrency in this Law and in any other law in Turkish law. There is a provision only in the Regulation on the Non-Use of Cryptoassets in Payments dated 30.04.2021. In the Regulation, the term cryptoasset is used instead of the concept of cryptocurrency and the meaning of cryptoasset is defined. This study will focus on what cryptocurrency is, how the financing of terrorism is regulated in our country, and whether the asset freezing regarding crypto assets can be applied within the framework of Law No. 6415.
"Dijital Şafaktan Siber Alacakaranlığa: Kripto Varlıklar Ve Terörizm Odağında Fidye Yazılımı (Ransomware)"
Authors: Kılıç Ali Şahin
Published: January 2024

In today’s digital age, swift technological advancements have ignited an unparalleled surge in digitalization, deeply embedding it into daily life. The growing dependence on information systems, especially within public services, has enabled a new era of efficiency and accessibility. However, this digital evolution is not without its complexities. It has broadened the sphere of vulnerability, rendering information systems increasingly susceptible to new cyber threats. Among the most formidable of these threats stands ransomware. Ransomware can be defined as a malicious software, crafted to infiltrate and incapacitate an information system until a designated financial sum is satisfied. The frequency and intensity of these attacks have escalated to such an extent that they may represent genuine threats to national security, affecting a wide array of sectors. The situation becomes even more dire when healthcare facilities are targeted, as the consequences stretch beyond financial setbacks, even endangering human lives. The unique technical nuances that differentiate ransomware from other cyber threats necessitate an in-depth exploration of its legal ramifications in the criminal law. This study, therefore, seeks to elucidate the intersections of ransomware with various cybercrimes in the context of criminal law, emphasizing its dual nature as an IT crime and a crime against property. In this study, the relationship between ransomware, crypto assets, and terrorism will be decribed. Subsequently, the prominence of ransomware attacks within the broader landscape of cybercrimes will be contextualized, with emphasis being placed on the implications of illicit financial gains.
Avrupa Birliği ve İngiliz Hukukunda Terörizmle Mücadelede Listeleme Usulü
Authors: Bozbayındır Ali Emrah
Published: January 2024

In this study, the listing procedure in the fight against terrorism in the European Union and English law is evaluated. In this context, the listing procedure and its legal basis, which developed around the United Nations Security Council Resolutions in international law, especially after the 11 2001 attacks, were briefly explained. Subsequently, the terrorist lists adopted by the European Union since 2002, initially within the framework of the United Nations lists and later through its independent list, were analysed. In particular, the Kadi judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union, essential regarding the fundamental rights and freedoms of people included in the terrorist lists of the United Nations and European Union Law and especially the legal remedies against listing decisions, were also emphasised. Following the explanations regarding the terrorist lists of European Union Law, the legal basis and procedures of the English terror lists, which are essential examples of national listings, are discussed. In this context, the current case law of the United Kingdom Supreme Court regarding crimes related to listing is also included within the scope of the study.
Terör Örgütünün Propagandasını Yapma Suçu (TMK M. 7/2) İle Terör Örgütünün Bildiri Ve Açıklamalarının Basılması-Yayılması Suçu (TMK M. 6/2) Arasındaki İçtima İlişkisi
Authors: Apiş Özge
Published: January 2024

Terrorism is a pain point with serious social, economic, legal or political consequences in Turkey and in the world. Aside from the aforementioned consequences and the atmosphere of fear, anxiety and uncertainty they create, they also have a devastating effect on the violation of fundamental human rights. When the emergence of terrorism and terrorist organizations is evaluated, it is seen that they have their own “legitimate” social, economic, legal or political justifications. Therefore, while terrorist organizations create their own legitimate, they instrumentalize ideological, economic, cultural, ethnic or religious issues without any legal or ethical boundaries. In terms of criminal law, this instrumentalization activity has an important place in the emergence of the concepts of crime and criminality. Apart from struggling the crimes committed by the organization in order to achieve its goals, planned and systematic propaganda activities constitute an important part of this struggle. In the research within this framework articles 7/2 and 6/2 of the Anti-Terror Law No. 3713 will be evaluated.
Karşılaştırmalı Hukukta ve Türk Hukukunda Terörizm, Terör Suçları ve İnfaz Hukuku Cilt 3
Authors: Özgenç İzzet
Published: January 2024

Karşılaştırmalı Hukukta ve Türk Hukukunda Terörizm, Terör Suçları ve İnfaz Hukuku Cilt 3
Terör Suçu Sebebiyle Sınır Dışı Edilme
Authors: Doğan Vahit
Published: January 2024

In the international arena, it is very difficult for a state to fight crime and criminality alone, therefore it is accepted that cooperation between states is necessary. However, no state desires criminals/suspects to be in their country. On the other hand, technological developments enable increased communication and transportation opportunities, as well as pave the way for the spread of the transnational character of organized crime. International comity rules require states to help each other in the enforcement of justice. However, since mere rules of decency will not be sufficient to fight against organized crime in the international arena, extradition of criminals and deportation of foreigners emerge as two important institutions in the fight against crime and criminality. Turkey is one of the countries that receives both regular and irregular immigration due to its geographical location and of course its historical mission. In this case, deportation may also come to the agenda quite frequently. Our presentation topic is deportation on the grounds of terrorism. For this reason, deportation will be discussed in general terms, but in specific cases, explanations will be made about deportation in the context of terrorist crimes.
Terör Mahkûmları Hakkında İnfaz Rejimi, Açık Ceza İnfaz Kurumuna Ayrılma, Koşullu Salıverme, Denetimli Serbestlikle Tahliye
Authors: Yerdelen Erdal
Published: January 2024

Terrorist offenders are classified as hazardous criminals in modern penology. This hazard alludes to the potential for such offenders to perpetrate terrorism offences once more. In fact, due to their persistent motivation to lead a terrible lifestyle or their mental shortcomings, some people with a criminal past may be hazardous in terms of their tendency to commit crime again. However, it cannot be asserted that all convicted terrorist offenders are dangerous. There is no such pre-acceptance under Code on Execution of Punishments and Security Measures No. 5275. On the other hand, it contains numerous provisions that prevent terrorist offenders from employing the rules of execution that are in favour of convicted criminals. The Turkish execution legislation is harsher when it comes to dealing with terrorist criminals than when faced with other offenders. This includes conditions for receiving semi-custodial prison, conditional release, and monitoring release.
Intercropping of linseed (Linum usitatissimum) and lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus) as influenced by moisture conservation practice in rice fallow
Authors: H. Saikia  , R. Dutta  , S. Kalita
Published: January 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, during the rabi season of 2021- 2022 to evaluate a suitable linseed and lathyrus intercropping system (s) in rice fallow and to evaluate the effect of mulching with paddy straw on growth and yield of linseed and lathyrus intercropping system. The treatments were laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of two factors, viz. mulching and cropping systems. There were two levels of mulching viz. no mulching (M0 ) and mulching @ 2 tons/ha (M1 ) of paddy straw and five levels of cropping systems viz. sole linseed (C1 ), sole lathyrus (C2 ) linseed: lathyrus 1:1 ratio (C3 ), linseed: lathyrus 2:1 ratio (C4 ) and linseed:lathyrus 3:1 ratio (C5 ). Mulching with paddy straw @ 2 tons per hectare resulted in a significant increase in the growth and yield attributing parameters of both linseed and lathyrus. Among the cropping systems, the highest growth and yield parameters of linseed were obtained from linseed: lathyrus 1:1 row ratio succeeded by 2:1 and 3:1. Linseed had shown better performance when intercropped with lathyrus as compared to sole crop. However, lathyrus could perform best under sole cropping compared to intercropping systems since linseed offered competition to lathyrus. The highest relative crowding coefficient and land equivalent ratio was obtained from linseed: lathyrus 1:1 ratio followed by 2:1 and 3:1. Linseed+lathyrus 1:1 row ratio also resulted in the highest linseed equivalent yield among all the intercropping systems.
Comparative Quantification by HPLC-FLD of Ochratoxin production by Aspergillus ochraceous MTCC 4643
Authors: Choudhary Kanchan Gopal , Sharfuddin Choudhary , Kumar Arun
Published: January 2024

Ochratoxin is a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus species in different food grains, when it it is kept in hot and humid environmental conditions. Ochratoxins are known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive in nature. Ochratoxins occur more frequently in cold environment condition but some strain of A. niger and A. ochraceous were able to grow in tropical and subtropical climates, which is same as of India. The deterioration of stored food grain with A. niger and A. ochraceous reported in higher amount as compared to other ochratoxicogenic fungal species. This form of contamination has a direct impact on human staple foods and is linked to illness caused by ochratoxin contamination. Because ochratoxin has a high tolerance limit in humans, it is not easily recognized and causes long-term problems such as cancer associated with liver and kidney. The present study focuses on the production of ochratoxin on known MTCC toxicogenic strain of MTCC 4643 A. ochraceous in different semisynthetic and natural media. The concentration of ochratoxin by HPLC-FLD is found to be greater in coffee medium with 35% moisture content than in rice medium with 35% moisture content and SKMY medium. As a result, the coffee medium may be employed as a suitable natural substrate for the generation of ochratoxin in greater quantities than other current synthetic media. Also it is found to be cost effective as compared to synthetic or semisynthetic medium.
COVID-19 vaccine-related adverse events following immunization in the WHO Western Pacific Region, 2021–2022
Authors: Amarasinghe Ananda , Cho Heeyoun , Katalbas Eve Rizza , Takashima Yoshihiro
Published: January 2024

The speed at which new vaccines against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were developed and rolled out as part of the global response to the pandemic was unprecedented. This report summarizes COVID-19 vaccine-related safety data in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. Data for 1 March 2021 to 31 March 2022 from 36 out of 37 countries and areas in the Western Pacific Region are presented. More than 732 million doses of eight COVID-19 vaccines were administered; reporting rates of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) and serious AEFIs were 130.1 and 5.6 per 100 000 doses administered, respectively. Anaphylaxis, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, and myocarditis/pericarditis were the most frequent COVID-19 adverse events of special interest (AESIs) reported. The reported rates of AESIs in the Western Pacific Region were within the range of expected or background rates. Vaccine benefits far outweigh the risk of reported serious adverse reactions and serious outcomes of COVID-19. Continued AEFI surveillance is recommended to better understand and ensure the safety profiles of novel COVID-19 vaccines.
Socio-environmental impacts of mining with bauxite waste in Vila do Conde, Barcarena, Pará
Authors: Afonso Marcos Vinicius , Araújo José Augusto Carvalho de
Published: January 2024

There are many complaints from groups affected by the socio-environmental tragedy caused by the large mining enterprises, which cover the entire Brazilian territory. The objective of the research was to perform an analysis on the effects of bauxite mining on the living experience of the residents of Vila do Conde. The study is characterized as qualitative research, combined with the consultation and bibliographic survey. A method of direct and participatory observation was employed. The research showed that the 100 collaborators, residents of the community, were aware of the various concerns regarding the potential socio-environmental impacts of mining, caused by the extraction of minerals. In addition, it became evident that the change in land use stood out with 40% of the perceptions, followed by the impacts on local subsistence with 24%, accompanied by the worsening of the quality of life with 18% and the contamination of water resources with 17% of the acuity. Vila do Conde was hit by a series of environmental occurrences that had a significant impact on its way of life and productivity. Territorial disputes become a crucial factor that often leads to new conflicts and misunderstandings.
Silence or expression? Spiral of silence in social networks
Authors: Liang Silvia Wan-Ju , Chung Kuo-Cheng
Published: January 2024

Social networking sites such as Facebook have become the leading social platforms. However, publicly expressing opinions on Facebook may mean that a person has problems with isolation and is observing his or her environment. People who perceive their opinions as belonging to the majority will publicly express them. On the contrary, people who perceive their opinions as belonging to the minority will remain silent, which will lead to a spiral of silence theory. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of silent spirals in social and psychological capital networks by using social network users in Taiwan as the research subject. Structural equation modeling is used to verify the causal relationship between the research hypotheses and variables. Results show that there are significant differences in the mediation effect. Finally, this study presents conclusions and research directions.
BK Role in Career Decision Making in Class 3 Students of SMAN 1 Banyudono
Authors: Elsya Ameylia Pradina Elsya , Qurratul'ain Aryanda S.N , Fashya Nadya R.N , Lorenza Noviana Dina , Taqy Dzaky Haidar
Published: January 2024

This research aims to 1) describe the role of guidance and counseling teachers in planning the Guidance and Counseling Program to direct the sustainability of education in the future. 2) describe the role of guidance and counseling teachers in implementing the Guidance and Counseling Program to direct the sustainability of student education in the future. 3) To describe the role of guidance and counseling teachers in seeking students' interest in continuing their education at university. Data collection techniques include observation and open interviews with guidance and counseling teachers and several students at the school. The data analysis technique in this research uses the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The research results show that students' career understanding is very low, so the role of BK in helping students' career planning is very important. BK can provide guidance, such as group or individual guidance. Apart from that, BK can also provide information services regarding major selection.
Analysis of the Meaning of Life for the Elderly in Coping Loneliness Problem on Film Sweet Bean
Authors: Yanti Manda Rosa
Published: January 2024

Not everyone can reach the elderly phase, but loneliness is often experienced by those who reach that phase. Loneliness here includes social and emotional emptiness, sometimes making them wish for death. However, there are elderly people who have a positive understanding of life, considering it as an incentive for meaningful activities. Making sense of life is not only for the young, but is also important for the elderly. The meaning of life can help them overcome loneliness and social problems. Movies like "Sweet Bean" shows how the elderly view their lives positively even though they are faced with physical problems, such as the main character who remains enthusiastic even though he is suffering from leprosy. Seeing this, research was conducted to explore the picture of loneliness experienced by the elderly and how the meaning of life helps overcome these problems in the context of the film Sweet Bean. The research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research. Data collection techniques include documentation and observation.
Manipular o tempo e desenrolar a bobina ao contrário
Authors: Silva Matheus
Published: January 2024

Este artigo questiona uma das principais características narrativas da historiografia sobre a história dos cursos superiores de História no Brasil, a saber, a filiação às experiências dos cursos da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) e da Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia a partir de critérios pautados na cronologia, ou seja, na aceitação de que os primeiros cursos, como tais, teriam um papel orientador na compreensão das experiências posteriores. Tal questionamento parte da premissa de que o elemento temporal, na narrativa histórica, é uma construção, uma manipulação do ofício, e que, portanto, pode assumir diferentes recortes. Por isso, propõe ainda outros parâmetros para a elaboração de histórias sobre a referida temática.
Editorial - n° 8
Authors: Costa Bruno , Fernandes Saul
Published: January 2024

Os séculos XVII e XVIII compreendem um tempo de privilégios familiares. O peso do sobrenome familiar abria portas e gerava automaticamente uma vida mais fácil para homens e mulheres que nasciam no ceio dessas poucas e seletas famílias.
A família como atenuante da pena: casos de Sacrilégio no Bispado de São Paulo 1745-1800
Authors: Barroso Walter
Published: January 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar de que forma o pertencimento a famílias aliviou as penas aplicadas pela Justiça Eclesiástica aos leigos que cometiam o crime de sacrilégio, no Bispado de São Paulo, entre 1745–1800. As fontes elencadas para a investigação reúnem cerca de 1000 páginas, de 27 documentos manuscritos e inéditos que estão no acervo do arquivo da Cúria Metropolitana de São Paulo. Foram adotados procedimentos qualitativos e quantitativos na análise das diferentes peças que são compostas de Livramentos, Autos de Devassa, pedidos de soltura e de clemência. A análise permitiu concluir que ser arrimo de família ou ter parentes enfermos contribuía para a diminuição das penas, representando uma acomodação das leis canônicas de acordo com as realidades locais.
Design and Optimisation of S-band fibre optic amplifier
Authors: Li Juncen
Published: January 2024

S-TDFA (S-band thulium-doped fibre amplifier) is a device that uses thulium-doped fibre to achieve the enhancement of optical signals in the S-band (1450-1530 nm), which is of great significance in long-distance optical communication systems, providing high gain, low noise and a wide range of wavelengths. Nowadays, thulium-doped fibre amplifier is one of the research hotspots of fibre-optic communication devices, and how to obtain high signal gain is also of great significance and value.In this paper, based on the energy level structure of thulium ion, the electron jump process, and the characteristics of tellurite glass medium, two physical models, namely, the rate equation of thulium ion's three energy level structure and the power propagation equation, are established.Under the power of 793 nm pump light, 1470 nm signal light and 200 mW pump light, the maximum signal gain of thulium-doped tellurite is 48 dB when the length of the optical fibre is 1.42 m and the thulium-doped ion concentration is  ions per square metre, combined with the numerical solution in MATLAB and optimized peak value using a genetic algorithm.
Analysis of the Implementation for Laser Techniques in Eye Surgery
Authors: Wang Xiongfei
Published: January 2024

As a matter of fact, the laser techniques have been rapidly development thanks to the improvements of material science offering high quality gaining material. With the advent of the chipper pulse amplification, Q-switch as well as mode lock techniques, high power femtosecond laser is available easily in recent years. Contemporarily, the femtosecond laser has become widely adopted in various fields, especially ophthalmic surgery. With this in mind, this study will provide an overview of femtosecond laser in usage for eye surgeon. To be specific, it will include principle, features, applications as well as other requirements for utilizing the facilities. Moreover, the state-of-art facilities will also be demonstrated at the same time. According to the analysis, the limitations will be demonstrated simultaneously. In addition, the improvements requirements as well as the possible routines will also be discussed. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of laser techniques in medical usage.
Traffic Sign Detection in Complex Scenarios based on YOLOV7
Authors: Wu Yicong , Wang Shuhan
Published: January 2024

In recent years, thanks to the development of the automobile industry and the advancement of industrial intelligence, driving assistance systems have been developing rapidly under the requirements of national policies and the demands of the consumer market. Traffic sign detection module, as an indispensable part of the driving assistance field, is in urgent need of new target detection algorithms in this field to solve the problems of poor detection accuracy, low computing speed and poor adaptability of the existing algorithms to the vehicle hardware. To solve the application problem, in this paper, we propose a traffic target detection algorithm based on YOLOV7. The model is trained using the CCTSDB dataset and tested in complex scenarios such as different lighting conditions and weather conditions. The mAP of YOLOV7 is stable at over 82.46% and the mAP value of YOLOV7-tiny is stable at over 78.57%, demonstrating the effectiveness of our method that it has the ability to detect and recognize our traffic signs in practical scenarios. In addition, this paper conducts a comparative study on the commonalities and differences of the above two models and draws the corresponding conclusions. In summary, YOLOV7 series can be effectively used in traffic sign detection work.
Properties and Observations of Black Bole Jets Based on the State-of-art Facilities
Authors: Hua Dejia , Liang Yikun , Zhang Mocheng , Zhu Mengyang
Published: January 2024

The research on black hole jets started way back in the 1970s. From the first hypotheses that question the center of a galaxy, to nowadays’ detailed structure of active galactic nuclei, the research on black hole jets has progressed immensely. This study is dedicated to summarizing all aspects of black hole jet research. This includes its research history, background information, theorems, properties, simulations, possible future research, and limitations on current research. Various papers are cited, including ones published as early as the 1980s, and current ones, to give a full view of black hole jet research. Original work has been done in order to create a timeline for the evolution of black hole jet research. Black hole jet research is crucial in understanding mechanisms behind black holes, which embody the active galactic nuclei. Speculations on galactic formation and evolution processes could be done by fully understanding the active galactic nuclei.
Application and research of two-stage amplifier in ECG signal
Authors: Zhang Beining
Published: January 2024

With the development of modern science and technology, electrocardiograph (ECG) technology has gradually become one of the most important detection tools in modern medicine. This article introduces the characteristics of ECG including weak signal, strong noise, low frequency range and strong signal randomness, and it mainly includes P waves, QRS wave group and T wave. Also, the processing flow of ECG is introduced, and eliminate the effects of baseline drift, power-line interference, and electromyographic interference by denoising. Also introduces the characteristics of two-stage amplifier and the importance of frequency compensation. Then the electro cardio signal is simplified to classical differential signal, and a two-stage amplifier circuit is designed to amplify it. The simulation result is 80.31dB DC voltage gain, 3kHz -3dB bandwidth and 72 degrees phase margin. So, it can provide sufficient stability and allow the system to remain stable in the face of parameter changes, external disturbances, or any uncertainties. This study can better use of two-stage amplifier to obtain complete and accurate ECG.
Designing a Low-Power Single Stage Neural Amplifier for Efficient Wireless Neural Recording Systems
Authors: Fan Shibo
Published: January 2024

In the realm of upcoming neural recording systems, the demand for simultaneous monitoring of a substantial range of 100 to 1000 neurons within fully implanted devices has intensified. Accommodating such requirements calls for integrated electronics that exhibit low power consumption, minimal noise, reduced data rate, and compact size to facilitate their widespread implantation. Central to these characteristics is the amplification circuit of the neural recording system, as it plays a pivotal role in determining power consumption, bandwidth, noise output, and overall system size. This article proposes a novel design of a single-stage neural amplifier, incorporating an operational transconductance amplifier as the primary functional unit, alongside a peripheral circuit comprising MOS bipolar pseudo-resistors and capacitors to ensure stable feedback. Moreover, to enhance signal quality and attenuate noise, a more intricate circuit, building upon the previous system, is introduced. The core section of this system demonstrates impressive performance metrics, achieving a power consumption of less than 9μW, an amplification rate exceeding 80 dB, and a cutoff frequency of 3kHz. The architecture's performance can be further augmented by the more complex circuitry if necessitated by specific application demands.
Research on the Operational Efficiency of Chinese Medical Institutions Based on the Three-Stage DEA——Malmquist Index Model
Authors: Zhang Tong , He Nina , Kou Yingxue
Published: January 2024

To further investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operational efficiency of hospitals in China, this article uses the DEA-Malmquist model to measure and analyze the operational efficiency of hospitals in 31 provinces across the country from 2015 to 2021. The research results indicate that environmental factors have reduced the operational efficiency of hospitals to some extent. In terms of the regional characteristics of efficiency, the mean total factor productivity in the southern regions is higher than that in the northern regions, but the average annual growth rates of comprehensive technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency in the northern regions are higher than those in the southern regions. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the operational efficiency of hospitals. The total factor productivity of hospitals in 2020 decreased by 19.6% compared to the previous year, and the comprehensive technical efficiency of hospitals in the northern regions decreased by 2.3% during the same period, while the southern regions showed an increase of 0.6%. The northern regions are more vulnerable to the impact of the pandemic.
The LOST: An Attempt to Combine Film and Game
Authors: Lou Qingpu
Published: January 2024

The combination of computer graph model and game modeling has become a research hotspot. The paper focuses on developing a linear role-playing game (RPG) called "LOST" using Maya and Unity software. The study aims to detail the development process and provide a reference for future game development using cinematography techniques. The paper begins with an introduction to the background and purpose of the study. This is followed by an analysis of the design and implementation of the game's main features, such as plot, gameplay, models, and computer graphics (CG). The authors emphasize the importance of carefully crafting and polishing the game's main quests to ensure a complete and enjoyable gameplay experience for the player. They also discuss the trade-off between performance and quality in the design of models and the impact of pre-made animations on the game’s visual quality and storage space. Finally, the authors evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the game and suggest areas for improvement, such as adding more content and variety to the combat system. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of the development of LOST" and serves as a valuable reference for future game development projects.
The Research of Influencing Factors that Possibly lead to Company Bankruptcy
Authors: Guo Yuying
Published: January 2024

Previous research has established correlations between corporate bankruptcy and internal factors such as financial ratios, cash reserves, company liquidity, and capital structure, as well as external factors, such as macroeconomic conditions, industry competition, and regulatory policies. However, several unidentified factors still warrant investigation. This study employs the Binary Probit Model to analyze data from Taiwan Economic Journal, encompassing 6,819 companies over the period from 1999 to 2009. The findings indicate that corporate bankruptcy is not significantly associated with 8 variables such as Operating Gross Margin, Cash flow rate, Operating Profit Growth Rate, Total Asset Growth Rate, Current Ratio, etc. However, it exhibits particularly strong correlations with 8 variables such as Pre-tax net Interest Rate, Operating Expense Rate, ROA(C) before interest and depreciation before interest, Non-industry income and expenditure/revenue, Net Value Per Share (B), Total Asset Turnover, etc. This research provides valuable insights into factors that may lead to corporate bankruptcy, which is instrumental in identifying warning signals, mitigating risks, and formulating effective preventive measures. Moreover, it points to the direction for further research in this field.