bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ascent of the blessed: regulatory issues on health effects and health claims for probiotics in Europe and the rest of the world
Authors: Dronkers T.M.G. , Krist L. , Van Overveld F.J. , Rijkers G.T.
Published: May 2018

The outcome of the first series of health claim applications for probiotics in Europe as evaluated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has, up to 2013 almost completely yielded negative results. All recent applications also have been rejected, including the latest on prevention of mastitis in breastfeeding mothers. In other developed countries, such as Switzerland, Japan and Canada, the health effects of probiotics, for which scientific evidence has been provided, can be communicated to potential consumers. The number of clinical trials with probiotics over recent years shows a trend to level off or even decline. At the same time, clinical research into the role of (gut) microbiota in a wide variety of diseases and conditions is booming. Ultimately, this may offer new indications for gut microbiota management by probiotics, prebiotics or other food supplements.
Post-harvest interventions decrease aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in maize and subsequent dietary exposure in Tanzanian infants: a cluster randomised-controlled trial
Authors: Kamala A. , Kimanya M. , De Meulenaer B. , Kolsteren P. , Jacxsens L. , Haesaert G. , Kilango K. , Magoha H. , Tiisekwa B. , Lachat C.
Published: May 2018

A cluster randomised controlled trial was performed in three agro-ecological zones of Tanzania to evaluate the effectiveness of locally available post-harvest mitigation strategies in preventing and reducing aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in maize. A total of 300 children, each from one household, were randomly selected from 30 villages (intervention: n=15). The mitigation strategies focused on hand sorting (prior to storage and use), drying maize on mat/raised platforms, proper sun drying, application of storage insecticides and de-hulling before milling. Maize sample was collected from each household at harvest (baseline) and six months after harvest. Maize intake by each child, estimated using the 24 h dietary recall technique and its body weight measured using standard procedures were taken at six months after harvest. Aflatoxins and fumonisins in the maize samples were determined using HPLC. Follow-up (six month after harvest) data were available for 261 of the 300 households (intervention: n=136). Mean concentration of aflatoxins, or fumonisins was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the intervention than in the control group: intervention effects: μg/kg (95% confidence interval (CI)) -4.9 (-7.3,-2.5), and -405, (-647,-162), respectively. The difference corresponds to 83 and 70% for aflatoxins, and fumonisins, respectively. At the end of the intervention, aflatoxin and fumonisin estimated mean intakes were lower in the intervention than in the control group by 78 and 65%, respectively. Six months after harvest, prevalence of underweight in the intervention group was 6.7% lower (P=0.014) than in the control group. Mean weight-for-age Z-score difference between the groups was 0.57 (95% CI; 0.16,-0.98;P=0.007). Post-harvest practices are effective in preventing and reducing aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in maize and subsequent dietary exposure to infants. The interventions may be applied in these and other communities with similar environmental conditions or agricultural practices that favour production of aflatoxin and fumonisins in food crops. The trial was registered atClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02438774.
Una nueva personalidad para Juan Melchor Pérez, scultore e tragettatore al servicio del VII Duque de Montalto y Juan José de Austria
Authors: Gil Saura Yolanda
Published: May 2018

El artículo presenta a Juan Melchor Pérez (doc. 1642-1650) como un escultor y fundidor sucesivamente al servicio del Duque de Montalto y Juan José de Austria, cuestiona la identificación de uno de los bustos de bronce firmados por él que se conserva en el Museo del Prado, se plantea la complejidad de determinar la autoría en las obras realizadas en bronce y el papel de los escultores de corte al servicio de familias nobles.
Cristóbal de Rojas: nuevos datos sobre su biografía y primeras obras
Authors: Luengo Pedro
Published: May 2018

La biografía del ingeniero militar Cristóbal de Rojas era poco conocida hasta el momento. Este artículo pretende ofrecer nuevos datos sobre la misma, tanto en sus orígenes, como en su posible formación y aparición en Sevilla. Posteriormente se aborda la realización de lo que sería su primera obra documentada: la portada del hastial de la parroquia de Cañete de las Torres (Córdoba). Además, se plantea delimitar su participación en la obra de El Escorial a un contacto con los círculos matemáticos de Juan de Herrera, como parte de su capacitación como ingeniero con Tiburcio Spanocchi. Finalmente se ofrecen algunas novedades sobre sus distintos matrimonios.
El desaparecido colegio sevillano de San Buenaventura: nuevos documentos gráficos
Authors: Fernández González Alberto
Published: May 2018

Edificado en las primeras décadas del siglo XVII, el convento-colegio de San Buenaventura era un importante conjunto arquitectónico del centro histórico de Sevilla que fue demolido, casi en su totalidad, a mediados del ochocientos, con motivo de la intervención viaria llevada a cabo en los aledaños de la actual Plaza Nueva. El artículo, que es resultado de una investigación efectuada en el Archivo General Militar de Madrid, analiza y da a conocer la planta y sección del edificio, documentos gráficos levantados en 1847 por el arquitecto académico Juan Manuel Caballero que tienen un enorme interés porque reproducen la exacta organización de su arquitectura. Para completar el estudio del colegio franciscano, se ha recuperado una descripción anónima de 1687.
Disseminating Civil Engineering through Virtual Reality: An Immersive Interface
Authors: Dinis Fábio Matoseiro , Martins João Poças , Carvalho Bárbara Rangel , Guimarães Ana Sofia
Published: May 2018

The application of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) interfaces has shown favourable results for Engineering Education. In fact, VR interfaces provide new practises for improvising transferability of knowledge and communication amongst users, thus disclosing new tools for decision making, planning, project review and multidisciplinary cooperation.The present work comprises a description of an immersive VR interface developed under the scope of Civil Engineering and an ongoing educational programme, Educational Lab - Big Machine. The project intends primarily, to disseminate Civil Engineering amongst pre-university students, simultaneously providing new tools for enhancing students’ motivation and decreasing early school leaving.The VR interface is available online and can be tested anywhere as long as the minimum requirements are met.
Implementation of an Intelligent Library System Based on WSN and RFID
Authors: Gao Yuping
Published: May 2018

To improve the intelligent management of the library, on the basis of manual and information management, new technologies were combined to design RFID wireless network with WSN consisting of nodes. Three modules of literature search positioning system, book whole frame system and automatic borrowing and returning door guard alarm system were mainly explored. The intelligent library system based on WSN and RFID used advanced RFID and ZigBee technology for the optimization and integration of literature resources, service process and management mode of the library. The library automation and intelligent interaction were realized and the concept of people-oriented was given full play to the maximum. The results showed that the intelligent library system based on WSN and RFID could basically realize the intelligent library management. To sum up, the system creates a random library service and management system at anytime and anywhere.
Design of an Automatic Collision Avoidance System for Ships Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Yuan Haohao
Published: May 2018

The system designed is a ship collision avoidance system based on consistent use of satellite positioning technology, spread spectrum communication technology and a wireless sensor network. The system design includes: an information collecting terminal, a data processing terminal and a mobile data terminal as the three main parts. CC2530 is selected as the master chip for the information collecting terminal, and the GPS module with NEO-6M UBLOX satellite positioning function is used to obtain the latitude, longitude, heading and other information. The AS62-T30 wireless communication module is used to realize the data interaction between ships, and a 0.96-inch OLED display module is used to show the current location of the ship, thus realizing the GPS positioning data receiving, data analysis, information display, data integration and transmission, and other functions. In terms of the software in the data processing terminal, QT5 is selected as the development environment, and QtSql as the database to process and store the data packet sent by the information collecting terminal. The system has many functions including real-time data analysis and alarm, real-time location annotation, track query, route planning and weather forecasting, etc.
Design and Implementation of Container Positioning System Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Bao Xuexin , Zhang Dan
Published: May 2018

This paper aims to create an efficient container yard management system. For this purpose, a gantry crane management subsystem was designed and implemented for container information management based on the wireless sensor network (WSN). The system consists of a set of desktop management software and three different types sensor nodes, and locates the container via the two-way symmetrical time-of-arrival (TS-TOA) positioning approach. In this way, the subsystem enhances the accuracy of container positioning without elevating hardware cost. Through the implementation of the hardware and software systems, it is proved that the user can successfully locate the container, read and update cargo information, and complete similar operations through human-computer interaction in the desktop management software. Overall, this research greatly improves the efficiency of container management at the port, and helps to reduce the operational cost and port congestion.
Improved Wireless Sensor Location Algorithm Based on Combined Particle Swarm-Quasi-Newton with Threshold N
Authors: Zhang Hongqiang , Wang Chunhong
Published: May 2018

this paper drills down and systematically analyzes the improved DV-Hop algorithm about the origin of its position errors. A new method is hereby given for modifying such position errors. Beyond that, the particle swarm-quasi-Newton algorithm is improved, intercepting the combined DV-Hop location algorithm according to the number of known nodes which has been defined by a threshold N. The coordinate of unknown nodes is calculated and analyzed by the combined particle swarm-quasi-Newton algorithm. Then this paper makes a validation analysis on the results by the way of emulation. The results show that the improved algorithm is relatively superior with high precision and lower position error than improved DV-Hop as intercepted.
Performance Evaluation of Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Preference Relations
Authors: Zhai Wei
Published: May 2018

This paper aims to pinpoint the wireless sensor network (WSN) with the fewest sensor faults through performance evaluation. For this purpose, a WSN performance evaluation method was put forward based on hesitant fuzzy linguistic preference relations (HLPRs). Then, the basic operations and comparison rules were introduced in details. The proposed method was tested in a real case. The results show that the method enables the decision maker to express his exact opinions on different WSN alternatives, and performs well in evaluating WSNs with uncertain information. The research findings shed new light on the selection, performance selection, and promotion of WSNs.
Application of Wireless Sensor Network Technology in Security Control of Intelligent Buildings
Authors: Wang Jin , Shao Hua
Published: May 2018

When a wireless sensor network is used to perform real-time security monitoring inside a building, there are drawbacks like multi-path signal fading and difficulty in spectrum sensing. In light of these problems, this paper proposes an improved signal spectrum sensing algorithm based on support vector machine (SVM), which inhibits the impacts brought by the low signal-noise-ratio (SNR) environment in the transmission process of wireless sensor signals through the embedded cyclostationary characteristic parameters. Based on this, considering the low efficiency and poor fault tolerance of multi-task monitoring and scheduling inside the building, this paper also proposes a multi-task coordination and scheduling algorithm based on physical information integration, which achieves multi-task scheduling and execution through intelligent breakdown and prioritization of general tasks. The simulation test shows that, compared with the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm and the maximum-minimum eigenvalue (MME) algorithm, the proposed algorithm has much better spectrum sensing effect under low SNR, takes less computation time, and achieves higher accuracy in large-scale multi-task coordination and scheduling. The research conclusions can provide new ideas for the application of wireless sensor network in intelligent building security monitoring.
A compositional analysis of VP anaphors
Authors: Flambard Gabriel
Published: May 2018

The VP anaphors do it and do this/do that have been little studied in the literature, although they are mentioned in passing in a number of more general works such as Hankamer and Sag (1976), Culicover and Jackendoff (2005) or descriptive grammars by Quirk et al. (1985) or Huddleston and Pullum (2002). With the exception of Souesme (1985), very few extant studies are available and there are almost none that explore the internal structure of VPAs in detail. This paper argues for a compositional analysis of the structure of VPAs, proposing that they are ordinary transitive constructions of the form ‘do + object pronoun’ and, following Simner (2001) and Stroik (2001), that it is the pronoun, rather than the VP expression as a whole, which serves as the anaphoric element. The compositional nature of VPAs is evidenced by a range of syntactic and semantic facts which point to the relative independence of main verb do and the object pronoun in such constructions. Foremost among these is the very possibility of alternating between it and demonstrative pronouns, which is itself highly suggestive of a compositional structure. Further evidence is supplied by passivisation (it/this/that was done) or pseudo-clefting with do this/that (This/That is what I did). Secondly, we will address the question of how both parts of the VP contribute to its interpretation. Object pronouns in VPAs are distinguished by having a VP as their antecedent, or ‘antecedent-trigger’, as Cornish (1992, 1996) calls the segment of discourse through which an appropriate antecedent is retrieved. The anaphoric relation between the object pronoun and the VP trigger holds regardless of the fact that the pronoun cannot be replaced with any VP expression (e.g. * John did {mowing/ (to) mow} the lawn), as replaceability is not a necessary condition for antecedenthood.
“A Line Will Take Us Hours Maybe:”Craft and Inspiration from the Ethnography of Poetry
Authors: K. Webster Anthony
Published: May 2018

In this article, I think through questions of craft and inspiration in the creation of poetry. My interests are in the ways that languages, individuals, and cultures are intertwined. I take an ethnographic perspective on the question and a comparative approach as well. I juxtapose my work with Navajo poets with work on Afghan poets, Yemeni cassette poets, Israeli poetry workshops, and Bergamasco poets. I attend, where possible, to the views of specific poets on the relationship between craft and inspiration. With Navajo poets, I try and provide enough background to place their views in a context of a Navajo framework of meaning and moral responsibility. The goal is to begin to understand the creating of poetry as social practice. The conclusion places this work within a broader concern of a humanities of speaking approach.
Muses, inspiration, création dans la poésie homérique ?
Authors: Perceau Sylvie
Published: May 2018

Pour saisir le processus créateur dans la poésie homérique, il est impossible de partir de données biographiques d’autant que les « Vies » d’Homère, toutes postérieures au ive siècle avant J.‑C., sont en réalité des procédures étiologiques visant à constituer l’aède épique en « auteur » de l’épopée. Toutefois, les Poèmes homériques montrent des aèdes‑poètes en performance, ce qui permet de se représenter la façon dont ils composent, et en quoi consiste pour eux ce que nous appelons « inspiration ». On a l’habitude d’assimiler l’inspiration des poètes épiques archaïques à une possession par la ou des Muse(s). Mais, en particulier dans l’Iliade, les Muses, filles de Mémoire, sont en fait les garantes de l’authenticité des informations délivrées par le chant et de leur conformité à la tradition épique, mais c’est l’aède qui compose son chant selon sa propre volonté, en interaction avec l’auditoire sans lequel le chant, oral, n’existerait pas.
The Howling Muse: Chasing Coyote Tales in Northwestern California
Authors: O'Neill Sean
Published: May 2018

Coyote is a popular figure in the oral literature of North America, with a sweeping distribution in the stories, songs, and folktales devoted to this beloved character. Coyote, the familiar canine species, has inspired a huge body of oral narratives, with striking similarities in the tales that circulate from the Great Plains to the Southwest and the Pacific Coast (which is the focus of this article). For some groups, such as the Karuk, Coyote occupies a central place in myth, playing a key role even in the creation of the cosmos; for other groups, such as the neighboring Hupa and Yurok, Coyote is displaced by other myth figures, even where similar episodes circulate, instead becoming the secondary focus of everyday folklore. However, wherever Coyote appears, as the subject of oral literature, this beloved muse tends to occupy a liminal position between the sacred and the profane; between the ancient past and the present; and between nature and culture.
Trois poètes contemporains de langue française : quelle inspiration ?
Authors: Martin Serge
Published: May 2018

En lisant les œuvres de Henri Meschonnic (1932‑2009), James Sacré (né en 1939) et Bernard Vargaftig (1934‑2012), on peut être surpris par la place des biographèmes dans la construction poétique au cœur même d’une période formaliste qui bannissait une telle perspective. Plus généralement, on peut même observer comment dans ces trois œuvres et chaque fois de manière fort singulière s’opère un retournement du formalisme désubjectivant en un « vivre poème » (Meschonnic, 2006). Ce qui ne va pas sans une reconsidération du « sujet du poème ».
Trialeurodes abutiloneus (Haldeman) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), a species long present but never officially recorded in Canada
Authors: Mlynarek Julia J. , Labbé Roselyne M.
Published: May 2018

Trialeurodes abutiloneus (Haldeman) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is known to have been present in Canada since 1973. Despite this, the species has until now not been officially recorded; a surprising fact considering the close association of the species with economically important crops. The historic distribution expands from Mexico to southern New York and Michigan in the United States of America. In 2016, all life stages of T. abutiloneus were collected again on soybean (Glycine max (Linnaeus) Merrill; Fabaceae) plants grown in research greenhouses in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Specimens were morphologically and genetically identified to confirm their identity as T. abutiloneus. Thereafter, the barcode sequence for this species was also identified from the barcode of life data system, informing on the prior detection of this species from specimens collected at Point Pelee National Park, Ontario, Canada in 2012 during a barcode of life collection. Although this species is not considered a major pest on crops in Canada, it is related to other common pests within the same genus and can potentially transmit similar plant diseases. We provide the barcode COI sequence for the species, give an overview of the documented host range pertinent to Canada, and provide information concerning its natural enemies.
Religion and spirituality: What are the fundamental differences?
Authors: Van Niekerk Brimadevi
Published: May 2018

Some Victorian evolutionary thinkers, such as James Frazer, theorised that humanity’s mental stages are characterised by magic, followed by religion, culminating in science. Put another way, the notion of humanity’s encounter with the sacred in society will eventually retreat, giving way to secular conditions, and that science and rationality would triumph as a more persuasive means of satisfying human needs. In this first foray in explorations on spirituality and religion, this article asks what the fundamental differences between religion and spirituality are, and will examine the aspects of spirituality that are freely accessible and freely chosen and that are uneasy with religion, by looking at some of the constructed borders that result in religion becoming narrow, rigid, prescriptive and less attractive. The article then examines how the phenomenon of spirituality is creating new paradigms of consciousness. It draws on the literature on religion, spirituality, sociology and anthropology, and concludes that religion will not go away despite the efforts of secularisation.
Language and lived experience: The wartime diary of W.D. Terry
Authors: Viljoen Hein
Published: May 2018

No abstract avilable.
The prevalence of underweight in children aged 5 years and younger attending primary health care clinics in the Mangaung area, Free State
Authors: Koetaan Danae , Smith Andrea , Liebenberg Anke , Brits Marietjie , Halkas Christos , Van Lill Maresa , Joubert Gina
Published: May 2018

Background: The Constitution of South Africa stipulates that all children have the right to basic nutrition; however, a great number of South African children are underweight for age. It is important to address malnutrition as it is associated with more than 50% of all child deathsin developing countries and also increases the risk for infective diseases.Aim: To determine the prevalence of underweight in children aged 5 years and younger attending primary health care clinics in the Mangaung area, Free State, and determine the possible underlying causes thereof.Setting: Six preselected primary health care clinics in the Mangaung area.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Demographic and clinical information and anthropometric measurements were collected from the children’s Road-to-Health clinic cards,obtained from the children’s caregivers.Results: In total, 240 children were included, of which 51.7% were girls. The median age was 7.5 months. The weight-for-age graph revealed that 7.7% (95% confidence interval: 4.8%;11.9%) of children were underweight or severely underweight for age. Length-for-age and weight-for-height graphs were mostly incomplete. Underweight children differed from normal weight children regarding birth weight (low birth weight 70.6% vs. 12.4%) and history of malnutrition (60.0% vs. 7.1%).Conclusion: The prevalence of underweight in children aged 0–5 years attending primary health care clinics in Mangaung is 7.7% based on information available from Road-to-Healthcards. This figure could be higher if these cards were filled in more accurately. A low birth weight and history of malnutrition are associated with underweight.
Preoperative education in hip and knee arthroplasty patients in Bloemfontein
Authors: Barnes Roline Y. , Bodenstein Karen , Human Nadia , Raubenheimer Jacques , Dawkins Jodri , Seesink Carmen , Jacobs Jonè , Van der Linde Jolien , Venter Ruan
Published: May 2018

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are frequently performed surgeries worldwide. Preoperative education enhances patient physiotherapy management and satisfaction and should be tailored to patients’ educational needs. Limited research is available regarding the preoperative educational needs for these patients.Objectives: To determine the extent of preoperative education received and the preoperative educational needs of patients undergoing THA and TKA.Method: A structured interview utilising a self-developed questionnaire was used and included questions exploring preoperative education, educational needs, method of education and health care professional providing education. A total of 14 THA and 36 TKA patients, 2–4 days post-operatively at private hospitals in Bloemfontein, were conveniently sampled.Results: All participants had arthroplasties because of osteoarthritis. All participants with THA and 35 (98%) participants with TKA received preoperative education from orthopaedic surgeons, and 8 (57%) participants with THA and 9 (25%) participants with TKA received preoperative education from physiotherapists. Education was mostly given as pamphlets months before the surgery. Participants received the least amount of information regarding exercises, especially preoperative exercise, pain relief and activities of daily living.Conclusion: This study highlights the need for improvement in patient engagement and education, together with enhanced health care practitioner communication and collaboration. Patient centeredness and individualised THA and TKA preoperative education programmes are recognised as a necessary attribute of quality health care and can lead to improved THA and TKA outcomes. The importance of exercise as part of preoperative interprofessional education in the management of THA and TKA should be emphasised as exercise is the cornerstone for rehabilitation of THA and TKA.Clinical implications: This study aimed to emphasise the importance of tailored preoperative education for THA and TKA patients to improve patient outcomes.
Medication adherence patterns in aortic dissection survivors
Authors: Chaddha Ashish , Erickson Steven , Kline-Rogers Eva , Montgomery Daniel , Woznicki Elise , Jabara Justin , Eagle Kim
Published: May 2018

Background & objectives:

Beta-blockers have been shown to improve survival in both type A and type B acute aortic dissection (AAD) patients. Calcium channel blockers have been shown to selectively improve survival only in type B AAD patients. There is a lack of data on medication adherence in AAD survivors. The purpose of this study was to assess medication adherence in patients who survived an AAD.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional survey-based study of individuals from a single medical centre which was part of the larger International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD). Patients with type A or B AAD who survived to discharge were included in this study. Individuals who were deceased based on the results of an online Social Security Death Index were excluded from the study. Data were obtained from both a survey and also from abstraction from the local academic institution's IRAD registry. A survey packet was sent to patients. One section of this survey was dedicated to assessing medication adherence using the 4-item Morisky scale.

Results:

Eighty two completed surveys were returned; 74 patients completed the section of the survey pertaining to medication adherence (response rate 38%). Morisky score was ≥1.0 for 27 (36%) patients and 0 for 47 (64%) patients. Thirty three patients reported yes to ‘forget to take medications’ and eight reported yes to ‘careless with medications.’ Medication non-adherence (defined as a score of ≥1.0 on Morisky) was associated with increased follow up recurrence of chest pain at one year of follow up. Only two patients stopped their antihypertensive on their own and did not cite a reason for doing this.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The medication adherence rate for patients who survived an AAD was 64 per cent at a median (Q1, Q3) of 7.1 yr (5.6, 11.5) after discharge, as per the Morisky scale. The clinicians should educate their patients on the importance of antihypertensive therapy and assess for forgetfulness and carelessness at each clinic visit, as well as understand patients’ beliefs about drug therapy, all of which have been shown to increase medication adherence.
Bioinformatics characterization of envelope glycoprotein from Kyasanur Forest disease virus
Authors: Shil Pratip , Yadav Pragya Dhruv , Patil Avinash A. , Balasubramanian R. , Mourya Devendra T.
Published: May 2018

Background & objectives:

Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) is a febrile illness characterized by haemorrhages and caused by KFD virus (KFDV), which belongs to the Flaviviridae family. It is reported to be an endemic disease in Shimoga district of Karnataka State, India, especially in forested and adjoining areas. Several outbreaks have been reported in newer areas, which raised queries regarding the changing nature of structural proteins if any. The objective of the study was to investigate amino acid composition and antigenic variability if any, among the envelope glycoprotein (E-proteins) from old and new strains of KFDV.

Methods:

Bioinformatic tools and techniques were used to predict B-cell epitopes and three-dimensional structures and to compare envelope glycoprotein (E-proteins) between the old strains of KFDV and those from emerging outbreaks till 2015.

Results:

The strain from recent outbreak in Thirthahalli, Karnataka State (2014), was similar to the older strain of KFDV (99.2%). Although mutations existed in strains from 2015 in Kerala KFD sequences, these did not alter the epitopes.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The study revealed that though mutations existed, there were no drastic changes in the structure or antigenicity of the E-proteins from recent outbreaks. Hence, no correlation could be established between the mutations and detection in new geographical areas. It seems that KFDV must be present earlier also in many States and due to availability of testing system and alertness coming into notice now.
Changing facades of Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Lekshmi N. , Joseph Iype , Ramamurthy T. , Thomas Sabu
Published: May 2018

Cholera, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae, has ravaged humanity from time immemorial. Although the disease can be treated using antibiotics along with administration of oral rehydration salts and controlled by good sanitation, cholera is known to have produced mayhems in ancient times when little was known about the pathogen. By the 21st century, ample information about the pathogen, its epidemiology, genetics, treatment and control strategies was revealed. However, there is still fear of cholera outbreaks in developing countries, especially in the wake of natural calamities. Studies have proved that the bacterium is mutating and evolving, out-competing all our efforts to treat the disease with previously used antibiotics and control with existing vaccines. In this review, the major scientific insights of cholera research are discussed. Considering the important role of biofilm formation in the V. cholerae life cycle, the vast availability of next-generation sequencing data of the pathogen and multi-omic approach, the review thrusts on the identification of suitable biofilm-inhibiting targets and the discovery of anti-biofilm drugs from nature to control the disease.
Суммирование рядов Фурье на бесконечномерном торе
Authors: Fufaev Denis Vladimirovich
Published: May 2018

В работе получены условия сходимости средних Фейера функций
на бесконечномерном торе по кубам и по прямоугольникам,
а также предложено обобщение полученных результатов на случай
произведения абстрактных пространств с мерой.
Библиография: 17 названий.
Хаосы Радемахера в задачах построения сплайновых аффинных систем
Authors: Lukomskii Sergei Feodorovich , Terekhin Pavel Aleksandrovich , Chumachenko Sergei A
Published: May 2018

Рассматриваются системы сжатий и сдвигов сплайн-функций $\psi_m$,
каждая из которых получается последовательным интегрированием
и антипериодизацией предыдущей, а начальной функцией служит
функция Хаара $\chi$. Доказывается, во-первых, что каждая такая
функция $\psi_m$ есть сумма конечного числа рядов по хаосам
Радемахера нечетных порядков и, во-вторых, что при каждом $m$
система сжатий и сдвигов функции $\psi_m$ образует базис Рисса,
причем нижние и верхние границы Рисса этих систем могут быть
выбраны универсальными, т.е. независящими от $m$.
Библиография: 11 названий.
Точное рассечение в пространствах параболических форм
с характерами
Authors: Voskresenskaya Galina Valentinovna
Published: May 2018

В статье доказываются структурные теоремы для пространств
параболических форм с квадратичными характерами. Доказывается,
что точное рассечение в таких пространствах уровней $N \ne 3,17,19$
имеет место в том и только том случае, когда рассекающая функция
является мультипликативным эта-произведением.
Случаи уровней $N=3,17,19$ также изучены.
Библиография: 7 названий.
Жесткость действий с экстремальным отклонением
от кратного перемешивания
Authors: Tikhonov Sergei Viktorovich
Published: May 2018

Вводится класс систем, не обладающих кратным перемешиванием,
включающий пример Ледрапье. Строится классификация таких систем
для действий плоской решетки.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Линейные сравнения в цепных дробях из конечных алфавитов
Authors: Kan Igor' Davidovich
Published: May 2018

В настоящей работе рассматривается линейное однородное сравнение
$ay\equiv bY (\operatorname{mod}{q})$ и доказывается верхняя оценка
для числа его решений, близкая к правильной по порядку величины.
Здесь $a$, $b$ и $q$ - данные взаимно простые
в совокупности числа, $y$ и $Y$ - взаимно простые переменные
из заданного отрезка такие, что число $y/Y$ раскладывается
в цепную дробь с неполными частными из некоторого алфавита
$\mathbf{A}\subseteq\mathbb{N}$. При $\mathbf{A}=\mathbb{N}$
(и без условия взаимной простоты $y$ и $Y$)
аналогичная задача была решена Н. М. Коробовым.
Библиография: 7 названий.
Наклонная устойчивость линий на произведениях многообразий Фано
Authors: Suzuki T
Published: May 2018

В данной работе рассматривается наклонная устойчивость
произведений $X$ двух многообразий Фано с числом Пикара
равным единице. Данные многообразия покрыты линиями.
Показано, что такие многообразия $X$ обладают наклонной
устойчивостью относительно линий при любой поляризации
за исключением $X=\mathbb P^1\times\mathbb P^{n-1}$.
Библиография: 6 названий.
Решения BiHom-уравнения Янга-Бакстера
Authors: Fang Xiaoli , Liu Wei
Published: May 2018

Введено BiHom-уравнение Янга-Бакстера (BHYBE), обобщающее уравнение Янга-Бакстера (YBE) на случай BiHom-структур. Рассмотрены два метода построения решений уравнения BHYBE. Один из них использует алгебры Хопфа, а другой - BiHom-алгебры Ли. В качестве приложения показано, что решения BHYBE могут порождать представления группы кос.
Библиография: 34 названия.
Асимптотическое поведение четных канонических произведений со слабыми неправильностями в распределении множества
корней, имеющего положительную плотность
Authors: Seliverstov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: May 2018

Изучается асимптотическое поведение четных канонических произведений, корни которых лежат на действительной оси. Предполагается, что множество корней имеет плотность (последовательность $\pm \lambda_{n}$ имеет плотность). Получены неулучшаемые асимптотические оценки логарифма модуля канонического произведения при ограничениях на скорость сходимости отношения $n/\lambda_{n}$ к своему пределу.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Вербально замкнутые почти свободные подгруппы
Authors: Klyachko Anton Aleksandrovich , Mazhuga Andrey Mihajlovich
Published: May 2018

Теорема Мясникова-Романькова утверждает, что всякая вербально замкнутая подгруппа конечно порожденной свободной группы является ретрактом. Мы доказываем, что все свободные (и многие почти свободные) вербально замкнутые подгруппы являются ретрактами в любых конечно порожденных группах.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Проблема Айзермана в теории абсолютной устойчивости регулируемых систем
Authors: Aisagaliev Serikbai Abdigalievich
Published: May 2018

Предлагается новый метод исследования абсолютной устойчивости регулируемых систем с ограниченными ресурсами на основе оценки несобственных интегралов вдоль решения системы. Найдено неособое преобразование, позволяющее использовать сведения о свойствах нелинейности. Выделен класс регулируемых систем, для которого проблема Айзермана имеет решение. Для такого класса регулируемых систем получены необходимое и достаточное условия абсолютной устойчивости. Отличие предлагаемого метода исследования абсолютной устойчивости от известных состоит в том, что условия абсолютной устойчивости получены без привлечения функции Ляпунова и частотной теоремы. Для систем с ограниченными ресурсами фазовые переменные ограниченны и являются равномерно непрерывными функциями. Эти свойства были использованы при получении условия устойчивости, а также при оценке несобственных интегралов. Данная оценка позволяет существеннее расширить область абсолютной устойчивости в пространстве конструктивных параметров системы, нежели известные результаты, и в ряде случаев можно получить необходимое и достаточное условия абсолютной устойчивости.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Критерии индивидуальной $C^m$-приближаемости функций решениями однородных эллиптических уравнений второго порядка на компактах в $\mathbb R^N$
Authors: Paramonov Petr Vladimirovich
Published: May 2018

Получены критерии индивидуальной приближаемости функций решениями однородных эллиптических уравнений второго порядка с постоянными комплексными коэффициентами в нормах пространств $C^m$ типа Уитни на компактах в $\mathbb R^N$, $N\in\{2, 3, …\}$, при $m\in(0, 1)\cup (0,2)$. Указанные результаты, являющиеся аналогами известных критериев А. Г. Витушкина для равномерных рациональных аппроксимаций, ранее были установлены М. Я. Мазаловым для гармонических приближений (при $m \in (0, 1)$ и $N \geqslant 3$) и М. Я. Мазаловым и П. В. Парамоновым для бианалитических аппроксимаций.
Библиография: 11 названий.
Интеграл площадей Лузина и некасательная максимальная функция для решений эллиптического уравнения второго порядка
Authors: Gushchin Anatolii Konstantinovich
Published: May 2018

Исследуется связь некасательной максимальной функции решения задачи Дирихле с граничной функцией из $L_p$, $p>1$, для эллиптического уравнения второго порядка и интеграла площадей Лузина. Рассматривается уравнение в самосопряженном виде без младших членов. Устанавливается оценка сверху и снизу нормы в $L_p$, некасательной максимальной функции решения $u$ через квадрат нормы в $L_2(\partial Q)$ интеграла площадей функции $v=|u|^{p/2}$. При этом не требуется гладкость коэффициентов уравнения внутри области.
Библиография: 33 названия.
Large-scale tropospheric transport in the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) simulations
Authors: Orbe Clara , Yang Huang , Waugh Darryn W. , Zeng Guang , Morgenstern Olaf , Kinnison Douglas E. , Lamarque Jean-Francois , Tilmes Simone , Plummer David A. , Scinocca John F. , Josse Beatrice , Marecal Virginie , Jöckel Patrick , Oman Luke D. , Strahan Susan E. , Deushi Makoto , Tanaka Taichu Y. , Yoshida Kohei , Akiyoshi Hideharu , Yamashita Yousuke , Stenke Andreas , Revell Laura , Sukhodolov Timofei , Rozanov Eugene , Pitari Giovanni , Visioni Daniele , Stone Kane A. , Schofield Robyn , Banerjee Antara
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Understanding and modeling the large-scale transport of trace gases and
aerosols is important for interpreting past (and projecting future) changes
in atmospheric composition. Here we show that there are large differences in
the global-scale atmospheric transport properties among the models
participating in the IGAC SPARC Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI).
Specifically, we find up to 40 % differences in the transport timescales
connecting the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitude surface to the Arctic and
to Southern Hemisphere high latitudes, where the mean age ranges between 1.7
and 2.6 years. We show that these differences are related to large
differences in vertical transport among the simulations, in particular to
differences in parameterized convection over the oceans. While stronger
convection over NH midlatitudes is associated with slower transport to the
Arctic, stronger convection in the tropics and subtropics is associated with
faster interhemispheric transport. We also show that the differences among
simulations constrained with fields derived from the same reanalysis products
are as large as (and in some cases larger than) the differences among
free-running simulations, most likely due to larger differences in
parameterized convection. Our results indicate that care must be taken when
using simulations constrained with analyzed winds to interpret the influence
of meteorology on tropospheric composition.
Competition for water vapour results in suppression of ice formation in mixed-phase clouds
Authors: Simpson Emma L. , Connolly Paul J. , McFiggans Gordon
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The formation of ice in clouds can initiate precipitation and influence a cloud's reflectivity and lifetime, affecting climate to a highly uncertain degree. Nucleation of ice at elevated temperatures requires an ice nucleating particle (INP), which results in so-called heterogeneous freezing. Previously reported measurements for the ability of a particle to nucleate ice have been made in the absence of other aerosol which will act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. Here we show that CCN can outcompete INPs for available water vapour thus suppressing ice formation, which has the potential to significantly affect the Earth's radiation budget. The magnitude of this suppression is shown to be dependent on the mass of condensed water required for freezing. Here we show that ice formation in a state-of-the-art cloud parcel model is strongly dependent on the criteria for heterogeneous freezing selected from those previously hypothesised. We have developed an alternative criteria which agrees well with observations from cloud chamber experiments. This study demonstrates the dominant role that competition for water vapour can play in ice formation, highlighting both a need for clarity in the requirements for heterogeneous freezing and for measurements under atmospherically appropriate conditions.
Screening for Snow/Snowmelt in SNPP VIIRS Aerosol Optical Depth Algorithm
Authors: Huang Jingfeng , Laszlo Istvan , Remer Lorraine A. , Liu Hongqing , Zhang Hai , Ciren Pubu , Kondragunta Shobha
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Visible/Infrared Imaging/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) spacecraft provides validated daily global aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrievals; however, a close examination of the VIIRS aerosol product identified residual snow and snowmelt contamination, resulting generally in an overestimation of AOT. The contamination was particularly evident over northern hemisphere high latitude regions during the spring thaw. To improve the product performance, we introduced a new empirical snow and snowmelt screening scheme that combines a Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and Brightness Temperature (BT) based snow test, a snow adjacency test and a spatial homogeneity test (aka. spatial filter). Testing of retrievals for May 18, 2014 indicated that compared to the previous, visible reflectance anomaly (VRA) based snow test, the new NDSI and BT based snow test screened out an additional 3.44 % of VIIRS AOT retrievals, most of which were over high latitudes experiencing snowmelt. The new snow adjacency test and the homogeneity test degraded another 5.57 % and 0.26 %, respectively, otherwise Good quality AOT retrievals. For the VIIRS vs. AERONET matchups over northern hemisphere high latitude regions during three years of spring (2013–2015), the new scheme also effectively screened out a significant number of the matchups that had anomalous high positive biases attributable to snow and snowmelt contamination. The new snow and snowmelt screening scheme was transferred to the Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) VIIRS aerosol algorithm on Jun 22, 2015. Subsequently no significant snow and snowmelt contamination was found during spring 2016. The scheme is also implemented in the new Enterprise VIIRS aerosol algorithm in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Enterprise Processing System (EPS) that became operational in 2017.
Overview and first results of the Wind and Storms Experiment (WASTEX): a field campaign to observe the formation of gusts using a Doppler lidar
Authors: Pantillon Florian , Wieser Andreas , Adler Bianca , Corsmeier Ulrich , Knippertz Peter
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Wind gusts are responsible for most damages in winter storms over central
Europe, but capturing their small scale and short duration is a challenge for
both models and observations. This motivated the Wind and Storms
Experiment (WASTEX) dedicated to investigate the formation of gusts during
the passage of extratropical cyclones. The field campaign took place during
the winter 2016–2017 on a former waste deposit located close to Karlsruhe in
the Upper Rhine Valley in southwest Germany. Twelve extratropical cyclones
were sampled during WASTEX with a Doppler lidar system performing vertical
scans in the mean wind direction and complemented with a Doppler C-band radar
and a 200 m instrumented tower. First results are provided here for the
three most intense storms and include a potential sting jet, a unique direct
observation of a convective gust and coherent boundary-layer structures of
strong winds.