bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The family Didelphidae as a host of zoonotic pathogens
Authors: Sánchez-Cordero Víctor , Rodríguez-Moreno Ángel , Flores-Martínez José Juan , Gutiérrez-Granados Gabriel
Published: July 2024

La familia Didelphidae ha sido frecuentemente asociada a ciclos de transmisión de enfermedades zoonóticas, por ejemplo, Leishmaniasis y Chagas.  En este trabajo se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica publicada de 1994 a 2024 sobre estudios realizados en la familia Didelphidae y sus patógenos.  Los resultados mostraron que, de los 5 géneros terrestres analizados de la familia Didelphidae, el 86 % reportaron a Didelphis como hospedero de diversos patógenos.  En este género se han reportado mayor número de grupos, incluyendo la presencia de bacterias, virus, nematodos, hongos y helmintos, además de protozoarios que provocan las enfermedades de Chagas y Leishmaniasis.  Didelphis albiventris y D. virginiana son las especies en las que más patógenos se han documentado hasta el momento (12 y 9, respectivamente).  Esta información destaca la importancia de comprender el papel de la familia Didelphidae en los ciclos zoonóticos, considerando que varias especies de la familia se han adaptado a los ambientes antropizados.
Molecular detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in Mus musculus in a rural town in Mérida, Yucatán, México
Authors: Panti-May Jesús Alonso , Torres-Castro Marco , Escobedo-Ortegón Javier , Canché-Pool Elsy B. , Ruiz-Piña Hugo A.
Published: July 2024

La tripanosomiasis americana es una enfermedad causada por el protozoario Trypanosoma cruzi y afecta aproximadamente a 6 millones de personas en las Américas.  Los roedores comensales son una fuente de alimento para el vector y potenciales reservorios de T. cruzi.  El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de T. cruzi en roedores comensales de la localidad rural de Molas, Yucatán, México.  Se capturaron roedores en viviendas usando trampas Sherman.  El DNA extraído de muestras de corazón de los roedores capturados fue utilizado para la detección de T. cruzi por medio de la técnica de PCR.  Se comparó la prevalencia de T. cruzi considerando el sexo y edad de los roedores con la prueba de Chi-cuadrada.  Un total de 114 ratones Mus musculus fueron atrapados.  La prevalencia de T. cruzi fue 21.1 % (n = 24) en los individuos examinados.  La comparación de las prevalencias de T. cruzi entre machos y hembras y entre los adultos y juveniles de M. musculus no arrojó diferencias estadísticas significativas (P > 0.05).  La prevalencia de T. cruzi en M. musculus fue alta, en comparación con otros estudios previos en México, y la infección se presentó independientemente del sexo y la edad de los roedores.  Estos resultados demuestran que M. musculus participa en el ciclo biológico de T. cruzi en Molas.  Es necesario realizar mayores estudios para entender el tipo de participación (e.g., reservorio) de estos roedores en la dinámica de transmisión de este parásito.
First record of cinnamon coloration in opossum Didelphis sp. in México
Authors: Tenorio-Rodríguez Paola A. , Cab-Sulub Leticia , Moreno-Figueroa Luis Daniel
Published: July 2024

La pigmentación desempeña un papel vital en la coloración de los vertebrados, influenciada por factores genéticos y ambientales.  El albinismo, leucismo, melanismo y flavismo son anomalías de color en los vertebrados.  Este manuscrito documenta el primer registro en México de flavismo en Didelphis sp., capturado en la Península de Yucatán.  En julio de 2023, se rescataron 2 crías de zarigüeya machos de un jardín en una zona urbanizada en Chuburná Hidalgo, en Yucatán, México, y se transportaron a un refugio de rehabilitación en Mérida.  Uno de ellos mostraba un pelaje oscuro típico, mientras que el otro mostraba una coloración canela.  Tras la crianza, las zarigüeyas fueron liberadas en la naturaleza después de alcanzar el tamaño y peso apropiados.  El individuo con coloración canela mantuvo la coloración y exhibió un pelaje de tono naranja-marrón.  La pigmentación canela observada en la zarigüeya probablemente no sea solo el resultado de una mutación genética que afecta el metabolismo de la melanina, sino que también esté influenciada por otras presiones evolutivas en esta región.  La coloración anómala en vertebrados puede estar vinculada a factores como la diversidad genética, la calidad del hábitat o la contaminación ambiental.  El aislamiento poblacional por la fragmentación del hábitat podría jugar un papel significativo.  Se necesitan estudios genéticos y poblacionales para comprender completamente el impacto de estos factores en la población.  A pesar de los riesgos asociados, la adaptabilidad de las zarigüeyas parece garantizar su supervivencia, como se ha visto en otros casos documentados.
A comparative review of heart rate recovery in the human and equine athlete
Authors: Katz Lisa M
Published: July 2024

Heart rate recovery after exercise is mediated by parasympathetic reactivation and sympathetic withdrawal. In humans, heart rate recovery is primarily used to assess fitness and predict mortality. However, variations in methodology and confounding factors such as age and sex contribute to inconsistencies in results, affecting the accuracy of the interpretation. In horses, there is limited research in heart rate recovery, with most studies focusing on the use of heart rate recovery after exercise as a predictor of fitness and performance potential. This review covers the basic physiological mechanisms, measures of quantification, and uses of heart rate recovery in the human and equine athlete.
Nitric Oxide as an Attenuator of Copper Toxicity in the concentration of Nutrients in maize Seedlings
Authors: Brito Ana Ecidia de Araújo , Silva Priscilla Andrade , Oliveira Job Teixeira , Roque Cassiano Garcia , Castro Tulio Russino , Oliveira Neto Cândido Ferreira de
Published: July 2024

The maize crop is highlighted in the worldwide and Brazilian agribusiness, presenting itself as a raw material for both human and animal nutrition. Nitric oxide (NO) stands out as a signalling molecule playing a crucial role in plant responses to abiotic stresses as caused by heavy metals. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitric oxide on the levels of macro and micronutrients, such as cationic magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc and manganese. The copper bioaccumulation and translocation factor, in the initial growth of maize seedlings were subjected to copper toxicity. The seeds were soaked for 48 hours in Germitest paper using a solution containing sodium nitroprusside Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]2H2O as a donor of nitric oxide, sodium ferrocyanide Na4Fe (CN)6 as compensator and deionized water (control). The experiment was carried out in a 4 x 3 completely randomized factorial design with 12 treatments and 8 repetitions, totaling 96 trays containing 25 seeds per repetition. The results showed that the doses of nitric oxide were not sufficient to attenuate the copper toxicity, highlighting the metal accumulation in the roots. The doses of sodium nitroprusside and sodium ferrocyanide provided toxicity, changing the mineral balance in the mobilization of macro and cationic micronutrients and their translocation to the aerial part of K9606VIP3 maize seedlings in the initial growth.
Hanif Kureishi’s Passages of Queerness: Diasporic Sensualities and the Creation of Selves
Authors: Everett Julin
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This paper proposes queer diasporic sensualities as an alternative to perpetual states of postcoloniality. Opting out of prescribed immigrant identities and embracing the transgressive nature of queer potentiality allows for uncategorizable, ungovernable selves. I explore these possibilities through readings of Hanif Kureishi’s The Buddha of Suburbia , The Black Album , and My Beautiful Laundrette . Though these works chronicle racial, gendered, and sexual double unbelonging, they also indicate a fear of permanent classification. The constant movement of queer, Brown male protagonists through the physical spaces of the metropole subvert normative, colonial visions of race, gender, and sexuality. I argue that landscapes of queer diasporic sensualities allow individuals to escape postcoloniality and position themselves at the center of their own lives. Finally, the essay observes the traditionally gendered nature of diaspora, notes the inertia of Kureishi’s South-Asian, female characters, but also finds openings for freeform identities within a new breed of Brown Englishwomen.
Among the Yahoos: Edgeworth, the Irish Language, and the Letter from Connemara
Authors: Cogan Lucy
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Maria Edgeworth's attitude toward the Irish language is often characterized as either hostile or indifferent but the reality was more nuanced. Edgeworth deemed the language a remnant of Ireland's barbaric past and reacted to it as a symbolic threat to her hybridic identity. As her career progressed, however, she slowly made space for an Irish-language subjectivity within her construction of Irishness, if in a strictly subordinate position. Yet when Edgeworth traveled into the wilds of Connemara in 1833, a region where the language still dominated, she was confronted by an Irish-speaking population that resisted her efforts at cultural containment.
Traveling Gaels: Coloniality and Dislocation in the Gaelic Atlantic
Authors: Leask Nigel , Muircheartaigh Peadar Ó
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Our essay studies three early-nineteenth century autobiographical texts written by young Scottish Gaels who narrate their sense of dislocation in the 'Gaelic' Atlantic. Dugald MacNicol's journal (1809–1813), written entirely in Gaelic, describes leaving Argyll for Barbados as a young army officer. Memoirs of Charles Campbell (1828) was written in a Glasgow prison, after Campbell had murdered his wife in a fit of insanity, following his service on a Jamaican slave plantation. William MacGillivray's English-language Hebridean journal (1817–1818), describes the author's sojourn, while a student, on the island of Harris. We examine these journals in the context of Romantic-era travel literature and conclude with thoughts on the relationship between an increasingly stressed Gaelic culture at home and the emergence of a 'Gaelic' Atlantic within the British imperial world.
Coexistence of 11 Tbps (110×100 Gbps) classical optical communication and quantum key distribution based on single-mode fiber
Authors: Dou Tianqi , Liu Rende , Liao Shengkai , Tang Jianjun , Tong Jiangang , Ma Rui , Wan Yingxuan , Wang Ruichun , Wu Jun , Zhang Xiaolei , Pan Zhengjun , Li Yang , Zhang Chengliang , Tang Shibiao
Published: July 2024

Integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) with classical optical communication is a deployment-friendly and cost-effective approach to advancing QKD network implementation. However, the noise introduced by intense classical signals into the quantum channel severely impacts the performance of the QKD system, presenting challenges for long-distance coexistence transmission. In this paper, we successfully demonstrate the simultaneous propagation of QKD and optical transport network (OTN) in the C-band over distances exceeding 100 km. We establish a coexistence transmission system based on a commercial OTN equipment and QKD device equipped with the Fabry-Perot filters, demonstrating the feasibility of combining QKD with 11 Tbps (110×100 Gbps) classical data over a 101.86 km fiber. To investigate longer transmission distances, we employ an optimized wavelength allocation method and conduct the co-propagation of QKD and 1 Tbps classical data over a 152.34 km fiber. To the best of our knowledge, these results are the first time that report the integration of QKD and large-capacity classical communication over hundred-kilometer scale fiber. Our works represent a significant advancement in developing OTN networks incorporating QKD systems.
High gain distributed Raman amplifier for orbital angular momentum mode-division multiplexing and wavelength-division multiplexing in 104-km ring-core fiber over the C+L band
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Yuchen , Yan Guofeng , Zhang Xi , Yang Min , xu mutian , Liu Jun
Published: July 2024

Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) are regarded as effective solutions for enhancing the communication capacity of fiber-optic transmission system. To extend the transmission distance, a suitable amplification technique is required to amplify the signal light, with distributed Raman amplifier (DRA) offering a high-flat gain. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the transmission of 3 orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode-division multiplexing and 9 wavelength-division multiplexing ranging from 1530 nm to 1610 nm over 104-km self-designed ring-core fiber (RCF) with the assistance of DRA. The homemade all-fiber mode selective couplers (MSCs) are able to (de)multiplex OAM modes (OAM01, OAM11, OAM21) efficiently in long-distance MDM+WDM fiber-optic transmission system. The OAM-DRA provides high gain (with the on-off gain greater than 10 dB) as well as flat gain (with a differential wavelength gain less than 0.88 dB and a differential mode gain less than 0.28 dB) over the C+L band.
Improved cooling of photovoltaic panels by natural convection flow in a channel with adiabatic extensions
Authors: Badi Nacer , Laatar Ali Hatem
Published: July 2024

In hot dry regions, photovoltaic modules are exposed to excessive temperatures, which leads to a drop in performance and the risk of overheating. The present numerical study aims to evaluate the natural air cooling of PV modules by an inclined chimney mounted at the back. The basic equations were solved using the finite volume method. The validity of the model is verified by comparison with the data available in the literature. Thermal and dynamic flow patterns are analyzed for a variety of parameters: Rayleigh numbers from 102 to 106, PV panel tilt angle from 15° to 90°, and channel aspect ratios from 1/20 to 1/5. A critical aspect ratio has been determined to minimize overheating of the PV module. According to the computational results, the tilt angle and modified Rayleigh number increase the mass flow rate and mean Nusselt number. The overheating zone with maximum temperatures is located in the upper part of the photovoltaic panel. The addition of an extension to both channel’s inlet and outlet was found to improve the cooling of the photovoltaic panels; however, only the extensions downstream of the channel are truly effective. The critical lengths at which channel performance improves significantly were identified by examining the impact of longer extensions on channel performance. Increasing the extension length from 0 to 3H improves the mass flow rate by 65%, the average Nusselt number by 13.4%, and leads to an 11% decrease in maximum temperature when Ra* = 106. This cooling technique is particularly promising for hot dry regions where water is scarce.
Self-health promotion: A study on the mode of acquiring sports health knowledge and skills among older adults members of sports communities
Authors: Wei Ye
Published: July 2024

Objective

The research aims to construct a mode and the pathway relationships of acquiring sports health knowledge and skills among members of older adults sports communities.

Method

The research was primarily conducted through random sampling, purposive sampling, and questionnaire surveys. A sample of 457 older adults from Luoyang City was selected as the research subjects. Exploratory analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were conducted by employing SPSS 26.0 and Amos 26.0 software(Exploratory analysis and structural equation analysis).

Results

The study indicates that the influence of older adults sports community culture on the pursuit of sports health knowledge and skills is statistically significant (β = 0.69, P<0.001); the influence of sports community culture on the motivation to enhance sports health knowledge and skills is statistically significant (β = 0.32, P<0.001); the influence of the pursuit of sports health knowledge and skills on the motivation to enhance these knowledge and skills is statistically significant (β = 0.47, P<0.001); the influence of the motivation to enhance sports health knowledge and skills on the behavior of acquiring these knowledge and skills is statistically significant (β = 0.60, P<0.001); both the pursuit of sports health knowledge and skills and the motivation to enhance these knowledge and skills serve as mediating variables.

Conclusion

The more harmonious and positive the sports community culture is, the stronger the sense of pursuing health and the motivation to acquire knowledge are among older adults. The stronger the health pursuit among older adults, the higher their motivation to enhance sports health knowledge and skills shows. Furthermore, the higher the motivation of older adults to enhance sports health knowledge and skills is, the more efficient their behavior in acquiring these knowledge and skills becomes. The motivation to enhance sports health knowledge and skills serves as a complete mediating variable in this process.
“The straw that broke the camel’s back”: An analysis of racialized women clinicians’ experiences providing diabetes care
Authors: Sivakumar Arani , Rana Simrit , Rofaiel David , Ahmad Tehmina , Hari Shriya , Yu Catherine H.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Racialized women clinicians (RWCs) experience the brunt of unfair racial and gendered expectations, which is a direct result of their visible identity. Our study sought to understand how these experiences intersect to impact the personal and professional well-being of RWCs, and their approach to diabetes care.

Methods

Data were collected from 24 RWCs working within Canadian diabetes care settings, who participated in semi-structured, one-on-one interviews conducted from April 2021 to September 2021. The data were qualitatively analyzed using thematic analysis to develop emergent themes, and interactions were explored using the socioecological model (SEM), adapted to our study context.

Results

We identified three themes: (1) Discordance between self-identity and relational identity impacted how RWCs interacted with others, and how others interacted with them; (2) Tokenistic, “inclusive” organizational policies/practices and inherently racist and sexist social norms permitted acts of discrimination and led to the systematic othering and exclusion of RWCs within the workplace; and (3) Differential treatment of RWCs had both positive and negative impacts on participants’ relational, workplace and self-identity. Using the SEM, we also found that differential treatment of RWCs stems from upstream policies, structures, and social norms, percolating through different levels of the SEM, including work environments and communities, which eventually impacts one’s relational identity, as well as one’s perception of oneself.

Conclusion

The differential treatment of RWCs arises predominantly from macro systems of the work environment. The burden to address these disparities must be shifted to the source (i.e., namely systems) by implementing interventions that equitably value diversity efforts, institute policies of accountability and correction of implicit biases, and prioritize an inclusive culture broadly across faculty and leadership.
Breathing–Swallowing discoordination after definitive chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancers is associated with aspiration pneumonia
Authors: Yoshida Takuya , Yagi Naomi , Ogawa Takenori , Nakanome Ayako , Ohkoshi Akira , Katori Yukio , Oku Yoshitaka
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Swallowing dysfunction and the risk of aspiration pneumonia are frequent clinical problems in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Breathing–swallowing coordination is an important factor in evaluating the risk of aspiration pneumonia. To investigate breathing–swallowing discoordination after chemoradiotherapy (CRT), we monitored respiration and swallowing activity before and after CRT in patients with HNSCCs.

Methods

Non-invasive swallowing monitoring was prospectively performed in 25 patients with HNSCCs treated with CRT and grade 1 or lower radiation-induced dermatitis. Videoendoscopy, videofluoroscopy, Food Intake LEVEL Scale, and patient-reported swallowing difficulties were assessed.

Results

Of the 25 patients selected for this study, four dropped out due to radiation-induced dermatitis. The remaining 21 patients were analyzed using a monitoring system before and after CRT. For each of the 21 patients, 405 swallows were analyzed. Swallowing latency and pause duration after the CRT were significantly extended compared to those before the CRT. In the analysis of each swallowing pattern, swallowing immediately followed by inspiration (SW-I pattern), reflecting breathing–swallowing discoordination, was observed more frequently after CRT (p = 0.0001). In 11 patients, the SW-I pattern was observed more frequently compared to that before the CRT (p = 0.00139). One patient developed aspiration pneumonia at 12 and 23 months after the CRT.

Conclusion

The results of this preliminary study indicate that breathing–swallowing discoordination tends to increase after CRT and could be involved in aspiration pneumonia. This non-invasive method may be useful for screening swallowing dysfunction and its potential risks.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the complete rehabilitation journey of hip fracture patients in Italy: From surgical admission to rehabilitation facility discharge
Authors: Elhadidy Heba Safwat Mhmoued Abdo , Politano Gianfranco , Onorati Roberta , Catozzi Dario , Gianino Maria Michela
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant reorganization of health services, potentially affecting the quality of care for major public health concerns such as proximal femoral fractures. This study aimed to investigate potential changes in the timing of various steps in the patient journey after a hip fracture during the pandemic in Piedmont, a region in Northern Italy.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on the discharge records of patients aged 65 or older who were admitted for hip surgery following a femur fracture in 2019 and 2020. The study examined four-time steps: duration from hospital admission to surgery, length of hospital stay, interval between hospital discharge and admission to the rehabilitation facility, and duration of stay at the rehabilitation facility. To mitigate biases linked to sex and age factors, groups well-balanced across 2019 and 2020 were created using propensity score estimation.

Results

The dataset consisted of two cohorts of 583 patients each for the years 2019 and 2020. The average duration from admission to surgery was approximately 1.9 days in both years, with 75% of patients undergoing surgery within 2 days of hospital admission. The average hospital stay reduced from 13.49 days in 2019 to 11.34 days in 2020. The gap between hospital discharge and admission to rehabilitation was approximately 10–12 days, and the average duration of stay at the rehabilitation facility was about 31.6 days.

Discussion

The study indicates that healthcare systems can exhibit resilience and adaptability, even during a global pandemic, to ensure high-quality and safe standards of care. However, further long-term studies are needed to fully understand the pandemic’s impact on primary health outcomes following hip replacement surgery and subsequent rehabilitation. The potential role of telemedicine in reducing the time between steps also warrants further investigation.
Prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Iran: A cross-sectional analysis from the PERSIAN cohort
Authors: Sadeghi Anahita , Boustani Paria , Mehrpour Ali , Asgari Ali Ali , Sharafkhah Maryam , Yazdanbod Abbas , Somi Mohammad Hossein , Nejatizadeh Azim , Moradpour Farhad , Rezaeian Mehdi , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Shahriari Arman , Fattahi Mohammad Reza , Hamzeh Behrooz , Hosseini Seyed Vahid , Kahnooji Mahmood , Gohari Ali , Khosravifarsani Mohammadreza , Azadeh Hossein , Pashaei Mohammad Reza , Sheibani Eshagh Moradi , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Bakhshipour Alireza , Poustchi Hossein , Malekzadeh Reza
Published: July 2024

Background

This study assessed the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a general adult population in Iran. The association between GERD and various factors was also evaluated.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study on 163,018 individuals aged over 35 who were enrolled in the PERSIAN cohort. GERD was defined as the occurrence of heartburn and/or regurgitation symptoms at least several days a month. Survey design analysis for pooled data was performed and multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent risk factors for GERD.

Results

The prevalence of GERD in our study was estimated at 21.86% (95% confidence interval:17.4%-36.4%). The mean age of the participants was 49.84 years±9.25 (35–70) and 44.75% of the participants were male. Symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation were reported in 18.65% (n: 29,170) and 6.06% (n: 9,717) of participants, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, several factors were found to be associated with a higher prevalence of GERD: female sex, age >50, current smoking, opium use, weekly consumption of fried foods, frequent consumption of hot tea, less than 6 hours of sleep per night, psychiatric disorders, usage of NSAIDs, and poor oral hygiene, were associated with a higher prevalence of GERD. Conversely, higher education levels and average physical activity were found to be less commonly associated with GERD.

Conclusion

We found a relatively high prevalence of GERD (21.86%) in this population-based study in Iran. By identifying modifiable risk factors, this research offers opportunities for targeted interventions and lifestyle modifications to reduce the burden of GERD.
Multidisciplinary understanding of modifiable physical disability risk factors for health professionals: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Hanson Derek , Samendinger Stephen , McCulley Edwin
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Physical disability represents a major burden to health and lifespan, particularly as the proportion of older adults within the United States is expected to grow. Prevention efforts for physical disability targets methods and strategies to decrease modifiable risk factors. Potential challenges for health professionals may exist in synthesizing and interpreting this broad spectrum of literature due to the discipline-specific nuance of language used, practice type or specialty, and lack of interdisciplinary resources. This scoping review will map and synthesize the literature across healthcare disciplines to identify modifiable risk factors and the evidence related to their ability to predict physical disability. We will also draw attention to the possibility of modifiable risk factors for physical disability being operationalized as pre-disability in order to strengthen primary and secondary prevention efforts.

Methods

A planned search strategy using physical disability terminology will be searched in English across MEDLINE, CINAHL, Health Source, PEDro, and REHABDATA by two reviewers in line with our review objectives and inclusion criteria. Eligibility for inclusion include peer-reviewed primary research published in the English language and have established a relationship between a person-level measurable characteristic that is modifiable by changes in lifestyle behaviors and any of the commonly accepted terms used to categorize or describe physical disability.

Expected results

Presentation of results will be using the PRISMA flowchart, with additional mapping and synthesis of evidence for modifiable risk factors for physical disability to clarify divergent terms used in classifying and measuring these factors and their potential for prediction of physical disability.

Expected conclusion

It is anticipated that this scoping review will identify and highlight a variety of modifiable risk factors for physical disability that may aid primary and secondary prevention efforts for health professionals.
Impact of the Soweto football derby on the trauma emergency department at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, a tertiary level hospital in South Africa
Authors: Baggott Charles , Kruger Deirdré , Pretorius Riaan
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The Soweto Derby is one of Africa’s largest football derbies. The two rival teams, Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates, both originate in Soweto, a sprawling township 20km outside Johannesburg. Soweto is infamous for the high levels of violent crime and trauma, but also for Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH), with one of the world’s largest trauma emergency departments (ED). Research globally, describing the impact of sports events on public health care systems is conflicting, with evidence showing both increases and decreases in spectator related trauma. This paper seeks to describe the trauma burden during the Soweto Derby and add to the research concerning trauma relating to sporting derbies in low to middle income countries.

Objectives

To analyze the impact of the Soweto Derby on the trauma ED at CHBAH over a 24-hour period.

Methods

A retrospective comparative study at the CHBAH Trauma ED of 13 Soweto Derbies played over a 5 year period between 2015–2019, compared to the corresponding non-Soweto Derby days of the preceding year. Patients were triaged according to the South African Triage Scale and Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) principles. Data was organized into 3 time frames where the triage score and mechanism of injuries were compared: 1) 4 hours pre-match, 2) 2 hours during the match, and 3) 18 hours post-match.

Results

Thirteen Soweto Derbies and 2552 patients were included. The median age was 29 with males accounting for 73.4% of all trauma cases. Significantly more P1 patients presented during the Soweto Derby. Pre-match there were 3x less P1 patients presenting to the ED (4.7% vs 12%, p = 0.044). During the match, there was a 40% drop in males presenting to ED (5.95% vs 9.45%, p = 0.015). Post-match there was a significant increase in P1 patients treated (17.4% vs 13.5%, p = 0.021)), with the majority being young males. There was no increase in either female or paediatric visits to the ED.

Conclusion

The Soweto Derby has a direct effect on the trauma burden at CHBAH, with more P1 patients presenting post-match. Young African males are disproportionally affected by severe trauma requiring increased health care resources in an already overburdened hospital.
Effects of head alignment devices on working memory and postural support during computer work
Authors: Jung Ju-Yeon , Kang Chang-Ki
Published: July 2024

The most common risk factor of computer workers is poor head and neck posture. Therefore, upright seated posture has been recommended repeatedly. However, maintaining an upright seated posture is challenging during computer work and induces various complaints, such as fatigue and discomfort, which can interfere working performance. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain an upright posture without complaints or intentional efforts during long-term computer work. Alignment devices are an appropriate maneuver to support postural control for maintaining head-neck orientation and reduce head weight. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of workstations combined with alignment device on head-neck alignment, muscle properties, comfort and working memory ability in computer workers. Computer workers (n = 37) participated in a total of three sessions (upright computer (CPT_U), upright support computer (CPT_US), traction computer (CPT_T) workstations). The craniovertebral angle, muscles tone and stiffness, visual analog discomfort scale score, 2-back working memory performance, and electroencephalogram signals were measured. All three workstations had a substantial effect on maintaining head-neck alignment (p< 0.001), but only CPT_US showed significant improvement on psychological comfort (p = 0.04) and working memory performance (p = 0.024), which is consistent with an increase in delta power. CPT_U showed the increased beta 2 activity, discomfort, and false rates compared to CPT_US. CPT_T showed increased alpha and beta 2 activity and decreased delta activity, which are not conductive to working memory performance. In conclusion, CPT_US can effectively induce efficient neural oscillations without causing any discomfort by increasing delta and decreasing beta 2 activity for working memory tasks.
Polyploid giant cancer cells induced by Docetaxel exhibit a senescence phenotype with the expression of stem cell markers in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Zhao Song , Wang Lili , Ouyang Mingyue , Xing Sining , Liu Shuo , Sun Lingyan , Yu Huiying
Published: July 2024

Docetaxel (Doc) plays a crucial role in clinical antineoplastic practice. However, it is continuously documented that tumors frequently develop chemoresistance and relapse, which may be related to polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs). The aim of this study was investigate the formation mechanism and biological behavior of PGCCs induced by Doc. Ovarian cancer cells were treated with Doc, and then the effect of Doc on cellular viability was evaluated by MTT assay and microscopic imaging analysis. The biological properties of PGCCs were further evaluated by Hoechst 33342 staining, cell cycle and DNA content assay, DNA damage response (DDR) signaling detection, β-galactosidase staining, mitochondrial membrane potential detection, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that Doc reduced cellular viability; however, many cells were still alive, and were giant and polyploid. Doc increased the proportion of cells stayed in the G2/M phase and reduced the number of cells. In addition, the expression of γ-H2A.X was constantly increased after Doc treatment. PGCCs showed senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and an increase in the monomeric form of JC-1. The mRNA level of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was significantly increased in PGCCs. Taken together, our results suggest that Doc induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, inhibits the proliferation and activates persistent DDR signaling to promote the formation of PGCCs. Importantly, PGCCs exhibit a senescence phenotype and express stem cell markers.
A Global View of Oncology Informatics
Authors: de la Mata Moya Maria Dolores ,   Centro Médico ABC, Mexico City, Mexico
Published: July 2024

Over the last decade, technology has driven significant changes in cancer care. Most notable is the growing adoption of specialized informatics software tailored for managing oncology scheduling and treatments. These intelligent tools gather, store, and analyze cancer-related data, providing valuable support for clinical decision-making and enhancing operational efficiency.
9. Kohéziós jelentés – Összefoglaló
Authors: Huzina Hunor András , Horváth Anna
Published: July 2024

A kohéziós jelentés alapvetően rávilágít arra, hogy az uniós támogatások tükrében miként változnak az uniós régiók közötti különbségek. A Bizottság háromévente közzéteszi a dokumentumot, amelyben értékeli az EU gazdasági, társadalmi és területi kohéziójának aktuális helyzetét, ismerteti az elért eredményeket és a levont tanulságokat, valamint bemutatja az EU-nak a regionális fejlődés motorjaként betöltött szerepét. A jelentés számos mutató – jólét, foglalkoztatás, oktatási szintek és a kormányzás – alapján elemzi a kohézió irányát. Jelen összefoglaló a kilencedik kohéziós jelentés eredményeit mutatja be.
Varsó2030
Authors: Szabó Dorottya
Published: July 2024

A #Warszawa2030 Stratégia egy átfogó városfejlesztési program, amelyet egy hároméves stratégia-fejlesztési időszak után 2018-ban fogadott el a Fővárosi Tanács. A program négy alapvető stratégiai célt tűz ki: 1) felelős közösség megteremtése; 2) kényelmes körzeti elrendezés; 3) funkcionális terek kialakítása; valamint 4) egy kreatív környezet létrehozása. Ezen stratégiai célokhoz tartozóan a program megfogalmaz különböző működési célokat is, melyekhez külön kivitelezési programokat készítettek el. Ezek a programok és akciótervek szorosan összefonódnak, együttesen alapozzák meg egy aktív lakosokkal teli, barátságosabb és nyitottabb Varsó kialakításának potenciálját.
Az építőipar küzdelme Chilében
Authors: Fernandez Saralegui Clara
Published: July 2024

A chilei ingatlanipart sújtó válság az ország legnagyobb gazdasági visszaesését hozta magával. Azért van Chilében jelenleg 25 ezer újonnan elkészült, 2 és fél éve eladatlan lakás, mert az értékesítés nagyon lassú.
Hepatolithiasis and Choledocholithiasis Secondary to Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in the Setting of COVID-19 and Lupus
Authors: Saha Bibek , Reinhardt Allison , Steinauer Nick , Schmitz Katlin , Verma Anjul , Ravi Karthik
Published: July 2024

Two major etiologies of hyperbilirubinemia include hemolysis and cholestasis. Although rare, the former can give rise to the latter through the formation of pigment gallstones and subsequent biliary tree obstruction. We report a case of a 57-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus who presented with dyspnea and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. She was found to have hepatolithiasis and choledocholithiasis secondary to warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia in the setting of COVID-19. In patients with symptomatic anemia secondary to acute hemolysis and concomitant right upper quadrant abdominal pain, elevated hepatocellular laboratory results should prompt a high clinical suspicion for biliary tree pigment stones.
The decimalisation of Republican time. The French Revolution which failed (1793–1795)
Authors: Dudzik Michael
Published: July 2024

The French Revolution is rightly regarded as a major milestone in human history. Its most famous ideas of equality and freedom have endured up to the present day, but these were not the only ideas promoted during this turbulent time. In order to establish a new social order, the revolutionaries proposed, among other things, the use of decimal time which was part of the so-called Republican calendar. This chapter will focus on the circumstances of the creation, application, and the use of the decimal (time) system, analyse the reaction of society, and explain the reasons for the early demise of this revolutionary undertaking.
Landmark emancipation of technical intelligence in pre-World War II Czechoslovakia
Authors: Holeček Vít
Published: July 2024

This paper describes the development, activities, and both the scientific and social contributions of the Masaryk Academy of Labour, Czechoslovakia’s first technically oriented scientific institute and a major centre of the science at that time. It marked the first time an institution devoted to science and engineering had ever been established in the territory of what would eventually become the Czech Republic. Coming on the heels of Czechoslovakia’s independence at the end of the First World War, it succeeded the pre-war Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences and was integrated with the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts and the newly established Czechoslovak National Council as the youngest of the Czech scientific institutions. In 1952, it was merged with other institutions to formthe Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, the predecessor of today’s Czech Academy of Sciences. The significance of the Masaryk Academy of Labour lay mainly in its targeted, practical application of science and engineering.
Czechoslovak and Polish intelligence (cryptologic) services at the time of the institutionalisation of both states and their armies after 1918
Authors: Kyselka Daniel , Efmertová Marcela
Published: July 2024

In the course of historical development, the intelligence or cryptologic departments of individual states, usually associated with military structures, have influenced the outcomes of (military) conflicts (especially during the 19th century, World War I and II, and the Cold War), as well as political events. For this reason, it is important to examine not only their political and historical impact, but also the technologies (codes and ciphers, production of cipher machines etc.) used in their operations. To find out the form and extent of the education of intelligence (cryptologic) personnel, which takes place at different types of higher (technical, military) schools in theoretical and practical fields, and their results applied in the activities of most of the state-controlled power apparatuses (foreign, interior, army-defense, National Security Bureau etc.), as well as in the communication (secure) channels of the state.Later, especially in the 1990s in Europe, these practices have been used outside the state apparatus in the commercial sphere. There was a demand for encryption devices and for programs for data protection (ensuring computer security, e.g. in banks, mobile operators, in the ICT industry, in the fight against international terrorism and organised crime, in ensuring the protection of individual  rights, etc.), and for activities in applied cryptology. In the last five years, several cryptology conferences have been held each year to exchange knowledge in the field and to characterise and understand the constant struggle between the creators and the crackers of ciphers, as this connection has in the past led to many scientific discoveries applicable to the everyday life of individual societies. The paper focuses on the analysis of the creation and organisation of intelligence services within the Czechoslovak and Polish armies after 1918.
Development and Validation of an Instrument for Measuring Language Development in 4 to 5 Year Old Children
Authors: Ayu Sovia Mas , Dewi Asmara , Kuswanto Cahniyo Wijaya , Mardiana Mardiana
Published: July 2024

This research aimed to develop and validate an instrument to measure language development in children aged 4 to 5 years in kindergarten. The study followed the Plomp development model, encompassing five phases: initial investigation, design, realisation, test, evaluation and revision, and implementation. The initial investigation involved analysing theories and existing early childhood language development research. The design phase produced an initial draft of the instrument, which included a language development measurement tool, a validation questionnaire, and a user response questionnaire. Expert validation was conducted using Aiken's formula to establish content validity. The instrument was then tested in three kindergartens with a sample size of 194 children. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and descriptive analysis assessed the model’s fit and instrument reliability. Results indicated that the instrument had satisfactory content validity and construct reliability (CR > 0.7), though some fit indices, such as the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), were below ideal thresholds. The validated instrument consists of two language development scales: receptive language (e.g., understanding stories, commands, rules) and expressive language (e.g., asking and answering questions, verbal communication). The study's findings imply significant applications for early childhood education, offering a standardised tool for assessing language development, guiding curriculum design, and enabling targeted interventions to improve language outcomes. Despite its strengths, the study acknowledges limitations, such as the need for better-fit indices and further empirical testing with diverse populations. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to explore the long-term impacts of the instrument and incorporate technological advancements to enhance its accuracy and relevance. Continuous refinement and validation will ensure the instrument’s effectiveness in measuring early childhood language development.
Family Support in Preventing Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission: A Case Study on the Effectiveness of ARV Therapy in Pregnant Women
Authors: Subandi Eka Ayu Lelyani , Mariyani
Published: July 2024

This study examines the role of family members' knowledge, behavior, and social support in enhancing the effectiveness of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission at RSUD Ciawi, Bogor. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were gathered from December 2023 to January 2024 through in-depth interviews with 11 HIV-positive pregnant women and 11 family members. Findings revealed that most informants adhered well to ARV regimens, with family support, especially from spouses, being crucial. Participants displayed a strong understanding of HIV prevention, favoring cesarean deliveries and formula feeding to reduce transmission risks. However, some emotional challenges, such as stress, fatigue, and economic factors, impeded adherence. The study highlights the necessity of incorporating comprehensive family support into PMTCT programs, addressing medical and emotional needs to improve health outcomes. Despite its insightful findings, the research is limited by its small, localized sample size and the subjective nature of self-reported data. Future studies should investigate the long-term impacts of family support on ARV adherence and mother-to-child transmission rates and develop targeted family education programs to support HIV-positive pregnant women better. The implications for public health practice and policy include the need for a holistic approach to HIV care, integrating family education and support to optimize ARV therapy effectiveness and reduce infant HIV infections.
Implementing the Handwashing Dance on Early Childhood Health Literacy: A Case Study at TK Siti Sulaechah 01 Semarang
Authors: Gladis Alfioni Meysifa , Mukminin Amirul
Published: July 2024

This study explores the implementation of the Handwashing Dance as an innovative tool to promote early childhood health literacy at TK Siti Sulaechah 01 Semarang. Employing a qualitative research design, the research aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of this method on children's knowledge and practices regarding hand hygiene. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving the principal, teachers, and parents of Group B2. The findings indicated that the Handwashing Dance significantly improved children’s cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills related to handwashing. Specifically, children demonstrated better recall of handwashing steps, increased enthusiasm and participation in hygiene activities, and improved coordination in handwashing movements. Teachers and parents noted that children were more likely to wash their hands regularly and correctly at school and home. Integrating dance, song, and handwashing movements engaged the children, making the learning process enjoyable and memorable. These results suggest that the Handwashing Dance has considerable potential for broader application in early childhood health education, promoting lifelong healthy habits. However, the study’s limitations, including its small sample size and single-site focus, highlight the need for further research with larger, diverse populations to validate these findings. This study underscores the importance of incorporating interactive and play-based approaches in health education to foster positive health behaviors from an early age. Further research could explore the scalability of this approach and its effectiveness in diverse educational settings.