bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Manufacturing in Industry 4.0: Enhancing Safety and Rapid Response in Industrial Control Systems with Smart Edge IoT Devices
Authors: Kazi Azalfa , Ghadigaonkar Pranav , Mathew Midhya
Published: July 2024

In This research, we delve into the dynamic synergy between sustainable energy and Industry 4.0 within the field of "Energy and Sustainable Engineering." It centers on integrating an emergency email generation system into a robust digitalization framework. The study prioritizes hands-on training, emphasizing practical applications that blend sustainable energy practices with the transformative principles of Industry 4.0. By focusing primarily on the intersection of sustainable energy, the project underscores the crucial role of digitization. This seamless integration aligns with the principles of automation, smart technologies, and the evolving landscape of digitization within industries committed to sustainable energy practices. The primary objective in this experiment is to integrate Industrial IoT into the realm of smart manufacturing, effectively incorporating our system into the framework of Industry 4.0, while prioritizing energy sustainability. Through this integration, our experimental results demonstrate that in the event of an emergency condition, instead of the automation system persisting under faulty conditions, an email notification is immediately sent to the operator, facilitated by IoT. This approach not only ensures swift response to critical situations but also contributes to energy conservation and overall sustainability. This initiative significantly contributes to ongoing discussions surrounding sustainable energy, digital transformation, and Industry 4.0, marking a significant step forward in promoting conscientious industrial practices for the future.
A Rare Presentation of Kartagener Syndrome: Case Report
Authors: Dhanasekaran Madhumitha , Nagarajan K.
Published: July 2024

66/M who presented to us with recurrent H/o lower respiratory tract infections and headache since childhood.The patient also have a history of taking over the counter medications rather than consulting a physician and never been to hospital.When we heard the apex beat on Right 5 th intercostal space , it arouse suspicion of dextrocardia and situs inversus which were then confirmed by imaging investigations. Patient was then subjected to genetic study which showed mutation of DNAH5. The rarity of this case is of primary ciliary dyskinesia with preserved fertility,as in this case the patient had 5 children
Harnessing Solar Power for Energy Efficiency in Deserted Telecommunications Rooms
Authors: Alhajji Ahmed
Published: July 2024

The utilization of solar power in telecommunications rooms located in deserted areas presents a sustainable solution for enhancing energy efficiency and reducing operational costs. Desert environments, characterized by their harsh conditions and remote locations, pose unique challenges for maintaining power supply to telecommunications infrastructure. This article examines the advantages of using solar power to address these challenges, highlighting its benefits in improving energy efficiency, reliability, and sustainability.
The Functionality of Financial Control Activities in a Decentralised Basic Education Program in Uganda
Authors: Nakabago John , Hofisi Costa , Kisitu Bruce
Published: July 2024

Financial control activities are critical in enhancing financial accountability. This article aimed at determining the functionality of financial control activities in decentralised basic education programmes. It sought to investigate how control activities in the Universal Primary Education programme (UPE) affect the internal controls and subsequently financial accountability of the grant. The researchers conducted an exploratory review of the literature and used semi-structured interviews to collect primary data. The findings focused on physical controls in the UPE capitation grant. Under physical controls, emphasis was placed on mechanisms for securing cash and inventory. The findings revealed that physical control of the custody of cash in UPE schools is weak. This puts other school assets at risk of burglary by individuals who may get to know that there is cash in the office. The weak physical controls create an urge for the head teachers to divert resources. A scrutiny of the inventory management process exposed some gaps affecting the entire physical control system. The inventory management system is heavily compromised. Given the foregoing findings, we can argue that the financial control activities in this UPE programme are dysfunctional. The functionality of financial control activities will be enhanced if the physical control activities are strengthened and all the receipts and inventories are properly recorded.

Keywords: Functionality, Financial Control, Decentralised Basic Education System and Financial Accountability
Centenary Paper: Bulls, Dwarfs, and a Touch of Cervantes
Authors: WHEELER DUNCAN
Published: July 2024

‘El Callejón’, arguably the finest restaurant in La Mancha’s biggest city, Albacete, is a shrine both to bullfighting and
Don Quixote
. Points of connection between the two iconic images of Spain are limited, although both employ cruelty as an aesthetic device and have long been championed in La Mancha as matters of regional as well as national pride. To coincide with the 300-year centenary of the publication of the first part of
Don Quixote
, the writer José Martínez, ‘Azorín’, received a commission to write a series of newspaper chronicles in which he retraced the steps of Cervantes’s protagonists. Journalist and writer Jorge Bustos completed a travelogue of the same route in 2015 to coincide with the fourth centenary celebrations for part two of the
Quixote
. My quixotic sally in summer 2022 came about by accident rather than design following a journalistic commission to cover what may turn out to have been the final comic bullfight to feature dwarfs in the Peninsula: the experience inadvertently inspired me to reflect on changing practices in and perceptions of Spain as viewed through the lens of arguably the first European novel and an archaic bloody spectacle (long known as the ‘national fiesta’).
New Insights into the Internal Structure of GJ 1214 b Informed by JWST
Authors: Nixon Matthew C. , Piette Anjali A. A. , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Gao Peter , Bean Jacob L. , Steinrueck Maria E. , Mahajan Alexandra S. , Eastman Jason D. , Zhang Michael , Rogers Leslie A.
Published: July 2024

Recent JWST observations of the sub-Neptune GJ 1214 b suggest that it hosts a high-metallicity (≳100× solar), hazy atmosphere. Emission spectra of the planet show molecular absorption features, most likely due to atmospheric H2O. In light of this new information, we conduct a thorough reevaluation of the planet’s internal structure. We consider interior models with mixed H/He/H2O envelopes of varying composition, informed by atmospheric constraints from the JWST phase curve, in order to determine possible bulk compositions and internal structures. Self-consistent atmospheric models consistent with the JWST observations are used to set boundary conditions for the interior. We find that a total envelope mass fraction of at least 8.1% is required to explain the planet’s mass and radius. Regardless of H2O content, the maximum H/He mass fraction of the planet is 5.8%. We find that a 1:1 ice-to-rock ratio along with 3.4%–4.8% H/He is also a permissible solution. In addition, we consider a pure H2O (steam) envelope and find that such a scenario is possible, albeit with a high ice-to-rock ratio of at least 3.76:1, which may be unrealistic from a planet formation standpoint. We discuss possible formation pathways for the different internal structures that are consistent with observations. Since our results depend strongly on the atmospheric composition and haze properties, more precise observations of the planet’s atmosphere would allow for further constraints on its internal structure. This type of analysis can be applied to any sub-Neptune with atmospheric constraints to better understand its interior.
SCALED SIAMESE CNN-BASED AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM FOR DETECTING PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Authors: Sekhar Ambika , Suresh L. Padma
Published: July 2024

The majority of patients today have vascular illness that could cause pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary emboli which can lead to serious conditions. To diagnose changes in veins and arteries, manual, semi-automatic and automatic examination of a individuals chest computed tomography image or CT Pulmonary Angiogram (CTPA) is performed. Manual CT scan analysis is more tedious, takes more time and is not standardized. Thus the separation of vascular trees in CTPA scans is now semi-automatic and automatic which enables doctors to precisely identify aberrant conditions. Recent research has focused on applying machine learning along with deep learning approaches to find and categorize pulmonary vascular disorders like pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension. Here, a brand-new technique is put out for the automatically classifying pulmonary veins in order to more accurately diagnose lung illnesses related to Pulmonary Embolism (PE). The proposed method uses Scaled Siamese-based Convoutional Neural Network (CNN) for classifying Pulmonary Embolism images with an accuracy more than 90 while using two publicly available datasets FUMPE and RSNA. Finally, comparison of the proposed method with other pretrained CNN-based algorithms for detecting PE is done in terms of Area Under Curve (AUC), recall, precision, accuracy, [Formula: see text]1 score, etc. and values are tabulated and our proposed method shows good results. Comparison was also done using deep learning models like PENET, Inception [Formula: see text]3 and [Formula: see text] fold cross validation and our proposed method values are outstanding compared to other methods.
Examining the Pedagogical Value of Collaborative Multimodal Storytelling Projects
Authors: Stroia Armanda R. , Xerri Daniel
Published: July 2024

In the digital age, multimodal storytelling is a versatile approach to the traditional way of telling stories. One of its key features is the harnessing of a range of multimedia tools for an immersive experience that brings narratives to life. This chapter explores creative ways in which language teachers can integrate collaborative multimodal storytelling projects into their teaching repertoires. It examines the perceived pedagogical impact of collaborative multimodal storytelling projects, drawing on data collated from teachers and students at a school in Romania, as well as artefact analysis. Analysis of data revealed that despite being perceived as digital natives, few students actually possess the necessary skills to communicate in an increasingly complex multimodal world. By merging insights from multiple sources, this case study aims to foster a deeper understanding of the digital landscape and its potential for empowering learners as effective multimodal communicators.
Measuring the Effectiveness of Virtual Mentoring Programs in Supporting Teachers of English as a Second Language With Educational Technology Integration
Authors: Nguyen Nga Thi Thuy , Phan Trang Thi Quynh
Published: July 2024

The present study aims to examine the effects of a virtual mentorship program on the incorporation of educational technology (EdTech) among English as a second language (ESL) teachers. Given the changing educational environment, it is essential to use EdTech in order to improve the language learning of ESL learners. The study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, engaging 48 ESL instructors in a three-month virtual mentorship program. The measurement of improvements in participants' confidence and use of EdTech is conducted using quantitative surveys, whilst qualitative interviews are employed to investigate their experiences. Initial results indicate a direct relationship between virtual mentorship and instructors' competence in integrating EdTech. This study offers valuable insights into the efficacy of professional development programs for English as a Second Language (ESL) instructors. Additionally, it has implications for legislators and curriculum creators who seek to improve ESL education by using technology.
Gamification and Language Learning
Authors: Zhou Yalun , Wei Michael
Published: July 2024

This chapter presents a comprehensive systematic review of gamification in English language classrooms, emphasizing its impact on learner engagement and motivation. By synthesizing findings from 21 empirical studies, the chapter highlights how interactive and competitive elements of gamification can significantly enhance the learning experience. It addresses the importance of aligning gamified elements with pedagogical goals and incorporating learner feedback to optimize educational outcomes. Despite its potential, challenges such as technological barriers, resistance to change, and the necessity for digital literacy among educators are identified as key obstacles to effective implementation. The chapter provides actionable recommendations for educators, designers, and researchers. This work underscores gamification's transformative potential in English language education and advocates for its thoughtful and informed integration into teaching practices.
Ethnographic Research Methods and the Role of Reflexivity in Qualitative Research
Authors: Roshan Anita , Elhami Ali
Published: July 2024

This chapter is dedicated to discussing ethnographic research methods as a valuable tool for studying cultures and societies. The authors explore the theoretical foundations behind the use of ethnographic research in studying human behavior and the benefits it offers in gaining a comprehensive understanding of various social groups. In addition, they discuss the advantages and limitations of ethnography, as well as the ethical considerations that researchers must take into account when conducting ethnographic research. Since ethnographic research often emphasizes the importance of reflexivity, acknowledging the researcher's own biases and perspectives that may influence data collection and interpretation, the authors explore reflexivity as a crucial aspect of ethnographic research. By incorporating reflexivity, ethnographic research becomes more transparent and acknowledges the potential impact of the researcher on the data collected. Thus, the authors delve into the significance of reflexivity in ethnography and its implications for ensuring rigor and validity in research findings.
Group Discussions as a Methodology in Multicultural Settings
Authors: Martín Pérez Isidro Miguel , Martín Pérez Sebastián Eustaquio
Published: July 2024

The chapter highlights the relevance of qualitative methods, especially group discussions, in social research within multicultural contexts. It emphasizes selecting participants reflecting the study's cultural diversity and thorough preparation, including choosing a competent moderator and an accessible, inclusive venue. Steps for conducting these discussions are described, from creating the script to interpreting the discourse. During analysis, the focus is on understanding varied perspectives and intercultural interaction subtleties, recommending a systematic approach to ensure reliability and validity through careful data selection and category coding. Originating in the 1930s, group discussions have expanded beyond market research, distinguished by their flexibility and exploratory focus. Key phases include design, operation, data analysis, and reporting, with guidelines for participant selection and project preparation. The chapter concludes by highlighting the importance of these discussions in exploring perceptions and attitudes in multicultural settings.
The Role of Triangulation in Qualitative Research
Authors: Meydan Cem Harun , Akkaş Handan
Published: July 2024

Triangulation is a methodological approach that involves using multiple methods or data sources to enhance the credibility and validity of research findings. This approach is useful in qualitative studies that aim to gain a deeper understanding of complex social phenomena and to understand the intricacies of multicultural environments. By embracing diverse perspectives, methods, and data sources, researchers can verify and validate their findings, leading to more comprehensive and reliable conclusions and can navigate cultural dynamics more effectively, leading to more nuanced and culturally sensitive findings. Beyond methodological considerations, triangulation allows researchers to capture diverse perspectives and enrich their analysis, playing a crucial role in qualitative research by enhancing the credibility, validity, and depth of research findings. Additionally, it is beneficial for mixed methods designs to provide a holistic understanding of research problems. Triangulation serves as a cornerstone for advancing knowledge and understanding in multicultural research contexts.
Qualitative Techniques in Action
Authors: Sahraoui Mariam
Published: July 2024

The chapter delves into a qualitative analysis of research data focusing on the discourse exchanged during a sales transaction between a Moroccan intern and a native French client. The aim is to explore the linguistic and cultural dynamics inherent in intercultural business interactions, particularly in the context of sales operations. The analysis homes in on how the Moroccan intern navigates linguistic subtleties and cultural disparities while engaging with a French client. It scrutinizes verbal exchanges, language preferences, communication strategies, and cultural nuances to uncover pivotal factors that influence the success of such interactions. The research seeks to pinpoint the strengths and challenges encountered by the Moroccan intern when selling to a French-speaking clientele. The objective is to extract practical insights to augment the linguistic and intercultural competencies of interns enrolled in commerce and management programs, underscoring the significance of these skills in an increasingly globalized business landscape.
Predictive Analytics for Reducing University Dropout Rates
Authors: Dwivedi Dwijendra Nath , Mahanty Ghanashyama , Khashouf Shafik
Published: July 2024

Higher education institutions face a problem with student turnover that has many aspects and affects both students and universities in different ways. Using predictive analytics and machine learning, this study shows a new way to deal with this problem. The main goal is to create predicting algorithms that can predict which students are most likely to drop out, so colleges can get involved in their lives in a timely and effective way. As part of this method, the authors collect and preprocess a large dataset from different university records. This dataset includes information about academic success, socioeconomic background, participation in campus activities, and psychological health. The study uses advanced machine learning methods to look at all of these different data points. It focuses on feature selection and engineering to find the most important factors that predict student dropout. Rigid validation methods are used to test how well the model works, making sure that it can accurately and reliably predict the future.
AI on Loss in Decision-Making and Its Associations With Digital Disorder, Socio-Demographics, and Physical Health Outcomes in Iran
Authors: Noorbehbahani Fakhroddin , Zaremohzzabieh Zeinab , Esfahani Hooman Hoghooghi , Bajoghli Soroush , Moosivand Mahboobeh
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to explore the connections between digital disorder, socio-demographics, physical health outcomes, and artificial intelligence (AI) on decision-making loss. The study relied on data from 550 people in Isfahan, Iran. The results showed that while decision-making loss was slightly more prevalent in females than males, this difference was not statistically significant. However, individuals aged between 26-35 showed a significant correlation with decision-making loss, while other age groups did not. Neither education level nor employment status demonstrated significant associations with decision-making loss, nor did the frequency of device use affect it either. Participants who experienced decision-making loss scored significantly higher on digital disorder overall score and specific indicators, such as addiction to social media and the internet, compared to those who did not. They also reported higher scores on various physical health outcomes related to device usage.
Diffusive Dynamics of an AI in the Contemporary Society of Techno-Educational Era
Authors: Najar Mudasir Rahman
Published: July 2024

The chapter is a journey interior into the nuances of the magnificent technological pursuits. While talking in general, numerous case studies around the world attest to the enormous potential that young people have to drive AI innovation for social impact, like youth-led initiatives utilizing AI have surfaced to address urgent global issues like environmental sustainability, healthcare, and poverty. AI algorithms are used in India as part of the “smart village” effort, which is being led by young entrepreneurs, to improve crop yields, optimize agricultural methods, and reduce rural poverty. Similar to this, young-led businesses are using AI-powered healthcare platforms to lower maternal death rates and increase access to other social activities. In addition, young activists around the world use AI to track environmental data, forecast natural disasters, and promote sustainable policies—all of which help combat climate change and save biodiversity. So, these illustrations highlight the revolutionary potential of youth-driven AI innovation in for the societal benefits.
Guiding Principles for Youth-Centric Development
Authors: Vetrivel S. C. , Sowmiya K. C. , Arun V. P. , Saravanan T. P. , Maheswari R.
Published: July 2024

As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies continue to evolve, there is a growing recognition of the need for ethical considerations in their development, particularly when targeting younger demographics. “Ethical AI: Guiding Principles for Youth-Centric Development” explores the ethical dimensions of AI with a focus on creating a framework that prioritizes the well-being and development of young users. This chapter investigates the intersection of technology, ethics, and the unique vulnerabilities associated with youth engagement in AI-driven systems. The study begins by outlining the current landscape of AI applications in various sectors that directly impact the lives of young individuals, including education, entertainment, social media, and healthcare. It delves into the potential risks and benefits associated with these applications, highlighting the ethical challenges that arise when designing AI systems for youth consumption.
Social Dynamics of AI Networks for Impacting Youth
Authors: Yunus Asma , Bajwa Ruqia Safdar , Mushtaq Shahzad Khaver
Published: July 2024

This chapter sheds light on the AI networks' capabilities as agents of positive change, emphasizing creative applications of AI that foster youth engagement, education, and social activism. Combining empirical studies, expert opinions, and real-life examples, this chapter sets out a moderate view of the challenges and benefits of AI networks in the lives of young people. The current chapter is tipped to scrutinize how AI through social networks extends from the seemingly simple models of interactions such as ‘likes' as well as ‘shares,' to directly or indirectly and complex machineries that influence and even determine young people's perceptions, actions, and interactions.
Material Science Perspectives in Composite Hybridization
Authors: Ghinous Rachida , Malki Mounia , Essadiqi Elhachmi , Faqir Mustapha
Published: July 2024

Technological advancement requires durable, lightweight materials that are characterized by enhanced strength and could be utilized on a broad spectrum. By combining various properties from the elements they are created from, composite materials fit this role perfectly. This chapter examines the unique properties and specific characteristics of different types of composite materials. Moreover, it delves into friction stir techniques and how to best utilize them to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of composite materials. This chapter elucidates how utilizing friction stir techniques for composite hybridization can improve the mechanical performance, durability, and utility. The investigation of friction stir methods has highlighted their significance in improving the mechanical and thermal properties of hybrid composite materials. Advanced properties of hybrid composite material were obtained by exploring the impact of composite hybridization using friction stir techniques. Improvements in functionality, durability, and mechanical performance of hybrid composites have been stated using FSTs.
Unveiling the Impact of Processing Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Composites Developed via Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Sagar Prem , Kumar Mukesh , Khanna Sanjeev , Huang Yi
Published: July 2024

The combination of two or more different reinforcement materials to produce hybrid composites is gaining significant attention in the field of materials science. These materials have become exceedingly adaptable engineering materials with specific properties for numerous applications. The fabrication process or input parameters have a significant impact on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of these composites. The complex relationship among the processing parameters and the microstructural and mechanical properties of hybrid composites is thoroughly explored in this chapter. The introductory section clarifies the importance of combining various reinforcements to achieve desired performance characteristics by outlining the basic ideas behind hybrid composites. It also underlines how important processing variables like tool rotation speed, tool transverse speed, tilt angle, and reinforcement concentration are in determining the microstructure characteristics of these novel hybrid materials.
An Inquiry Into the Use of Generative AI and Its Implications in Education
Authors: Baek Eun Ok , Wilson Romina Villaflor
Published: July 2024

The emergence of generative AI technologies has provoked considerable debate among educators regarding their role in education. This study is an investigation of the benefits, disadvantages, and potential strategies for integrating generative AI in educational settings by analyzing societal impacts based on a literature review. We have surveyed the influence of generative AI in education through sources from peer-reviewed journals. The main findings show that generative AI can enhance accessibility and customization in learning for individual learners' needs and pacing. But there are problems with algorithmic biases, discrimination, and data privacy issues, too. This study advocates for mitigating bias, data transparency, and promotion and evaluation of AI policy and research. Generative AI in education hinges on how it is responsibly integrated and observes ethical guidelines, by way of the constant assessment that will guarantee its potential in revolutionizing learning.
A New Encryption-Based Algorithm for Embedded Image Steganography
Authors: Abed Ali Mohammed , Hermassi Houcemeddine , Barhoumi Walid
Published: July 2024

This journal paper deals with Steganography technique which is a method for hiding secret communications inside a cover object during sender-receiver communication. From ancient times to the present, the security of secret information has been a key concern. It has long been an area of interest for researchers to create mechanisms for sending data without disclosing it to anybody other than the intended receiver. To facilitate the safe transport of data, researchers have periodically created a variety of approaches, including steganography. Using the synergies that may be obtained by combining cryptography with steganography. This paper's work seeks to improve an innovative approach for hiding a hidden message inside an image. This study developed a new encryption-based method for embedded image steganography, LSB with the RSA algorithm, to upsurge data security. These depicted results were subjected to the comparative analysis of the existing previous predictive models with the present proposed work which is superior to them.
Data-Driven Customer Online Shopping Behavior Analysis and Personalized Marketing Strategy
Authors: Li Yanmin , Meng Chao , Tian Jintao , Fang Zhengyang , Cao Huimin
Published: July 2024

In today's highly competitive market environment, personalized marketing has become an important means for enterprises to gain competitive advantages. In order to better meet customer needs, companies need to accurately identify and classify customers to implement more refined market strategies. This study focuses on the customer classification problem. Based on several classic deep learning models, the BiLSTM-TabNet model is designed, and the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is introduced to further improve the model performance, thereby improving classification accuracy and practicality. Experimental results show that this model has achieved excellent performance on each data set, has higher accuracy and AUC value than the baseline method, and has advantages over other control models in comparative experiments. This research provides solid support for the implementation of personalized marketing strategies.
AUVs Under Ice: A Four-Decade Retrospective on Strategy and Risk Through the Autosub Looking Glass
Authors: Griffiths Gwyn
Published: July 2024

Abstract Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have been used in the polar regions for decades. The technical challenges are well understood, and since the mid 1990s, missions of several hundred kilometers under sea ice have been possible. However, there remains a large gap
between the endurance achieved in practice and the 1000+ km needed for large-scale sea ice studies; multiple, parallel sections under West Antarctic ice shelves; or sections under the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. This retrospective examines how the U.K. Autosub program's requirements for under
ice observations were determined and how those requirements helped build a strategy for a decade of technical progression and scientific achievement. At times progress was faltering, vehicle reliability was inadequate and the approach to risk management was reactive rather than proactive.
New analytical tools, some controversial, were developed to assess and manage risk and to drive improvements. While new satellite techniques arguably reduced the need for deployments under sea ice, they remain the only effective solution to fill data-gaps in bathymetry and ocean/ice interactions
under ice shelves. The challenge for international collaboration is to accelerate the development of robust and reliable vehicles. The first task remains to survey the basic geometry of the key Antarctic ice shelf cavities. Taking a decadal view, AUV capability should expand to be capable
of yearlong deployments under critical ice shelves.
Inflammation and Macrophage Loss Mark Increased Susceptibility in a Genetic Model of Acute Viral Infection–Induced Tissue Damage
Authors: Annis Jessica L , Brown Michael G
Published: July 2024

M.R2k/b mice are identical to the MA/My parent strain aside from a 5.58-Mb C57L-derived region on chromosome 17 (Cmv5s) that causes increased susceptibility to acute murine CMV (MCMV) infection and the development of significant spleen tissue damage. Spleen pathology begins at the marginal zone (MZ), apparent by 2 d postinfection (dpi), and progresses throughout the red pulp by 4 dpi. To better understand how M.R2k/b mice respond to infection and how Cmv5s contributes to tissue damage in the spleen, we assessed the regulation of myeloid cells and inflammation during acute MCMV infection in MA/My and M.R2k/b mice. We found that Cmv5s drove increased neutrophil accumulation and cell death at the MZ, which corresponded with evidence of localized oxidative stress and increased overall spleen IL-6 and TGF-β1 early during infection. Further assessment of MCMV infection dynamics at the early MZ revealed infected SIGNR1+ MZ macrophages as the first apparent cell type lost during infection in these mice and the likely target of early neutrophil recruitment. Spleen macrophages were also identified as the mediators of differential spleen IL-6 and TGF-β1 between MA/My and M.R2k/b mice. Interrogation of MCMV progression past 2 dpi revealed substantial M.R2k/b F480+ red pulp macrophage loss along with buildup of oxidative stress and MZ macrophage debris that was not neutrophil dependent. Together we identify Cmv5s-driven macrophage loss and inflammation during acute MCMV infection corresponding with the spatial and temporal development of spleen tissue damage.
“The elder-child relationship: critical review of the literature.”
Authors: Bianchi Aurelia
Published: July 2024

Intergenerational relations have been the subject, especially in the past two decades, of numerous social studies, particularly with regard to the more contradictory and problematic aspects of interactions between individuals of very different ages.
The care of the terminally ill: international realities and Italian perspectives
Authors: Scarcella Paola , Calamo-Specchia Francesco Paolo
Published: July 2024

Not available.
The right to health through international cooperation
Authors: Gunn William S.
Published: July 2024

Until only a few decades ago health had mostly been regarded as a personal matter, implying a reciproca! relationship between patient and physician, as codified in the hippocratic oath. Today, however, health is considered a human right, with complex philosophical, ethical, social, economic, political and legal implications. Additionally, a child has his own fundamental rights, such that the problem of children's right to health becomes a concrete issue within humanitarian law.
A bibliometric analysis of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulators
Authors: Araiqat Bashar , Syaj Sebawe , Al-Khatib Aseel , Al-Bzour Nour , Hussein Narmine , Aqel Sarah , Ahmad Jamil
Published: July 2024

Cystic fibrosis (CF), a multisystem disease primarily affecting the lungs, arises due to pathogenic mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. This study embarked on a bibliometric analysis to survey the use of CFTR modulators in CF treatment. Utilizing the Scopus database, a comprehensive search was executed, incorporating terms related to CF and CFTR modulators. Various document types up to July 19, 2023, were included, with citation counts forming the basis of our analyses. Trends, contributor countries, leading institutions, top authors, journals, keywords, and annual citation trends were evaluated. Our search retrieved 2317 records, predominantly articles. The United States dominated in both publications and citations, followed by the United Kingdom. The University of Alabama, Birmingham, and Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, were among the top institutions. Rowe S.M. was identified as a top-cited author. The Journal of Cystic Fibrosis emerged as the leading journal in terms of publication volume, while the New England Journal of Medicine had the highest citation count. The most-cited article addressed a CFTR potentiator's efficacy in patients with the G551D mutation. The keyword "Cystic fibrosis" appeared most frequently. This bibliometric analysis underscores the significant research focus on CF, especially concerning CFTR modulators. The results highlight the pivotal role of certain countries, institutions, authors, and journals in the progression of CF research, offering insights into current trends and future research directions.
Protein Arginine Methyltransferases: Emerging Targets in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wei Shibo , Jin Eun-Ju , Jo Yunju , Oh Chang-Myung , Bae Gyu-Un , Kang Jong-Sun , Ryu Dongryeol
Published: July 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and metabolic disorders stand as formidable challenges that significantly impact the clinical outcomes and living quality for afflicted individuals. An intricate comprehension of the underlying mechanisms is paramount for the development of efficacious therapeutic strategies. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), a class of enzymes responsible for the precise regulation of protein methylation, have ascended to pivotal roles and emerged as crucial regulators within the intrinsic pathophysiology of these diseases. Herein, we review recent advancements in research elucidating on the multifaceted involvements of PRMTs in cardiovascular system and metabolic diseases, contributing significantly to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of these maladies. In addition, this review provides a comprehensive analysis to unveil the distinctive roles of PRMTs across diverse cell types implicated in cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, which holds great potential to reveal novel therapeutic interventions targeting PRMTs, thus presenting promising perspectives to effectively address the substantial global burden imposed by CVDs and metabolic disorders.
Clopidogrel Resistance in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Lavanya S , Babu Dhanashri , Dheepthi D , Dhinakar E , Vivekanandh G
Published: July 2024

Stroke remained the second leading cause of death globally in 2019. The antiplatelet drug clopidogrel is used to keep blood clots from forming in people who have experienced a stroke. Although most people find clopidogrel to be safe and beneficial, there is inevitably a range in how each patient responds. The review covers about Clopidogrel resistance in stroke patients, their risk factors and the methods to identify it. Clopidogrel resistance is characterized as the drug’s inability to prevent the target enzyme from acting. The prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke and the responsiveness to clopidogrel are significantly impacted by the various genetic polymorphism CYP2C19 genotypes. The two primary mutant alleles, CYP2C19 *2 and CYP2C19 *3, have been found to be the most prevalent genotypes. Better mRS scores six months after treatment showed a higher response rate in patients without these CYP2C19 variant alleles. Other factors are drug-drug interaction (proton pump inhibitors), demographics (age, sex, social history), comorbid conditions, etc. Blood samples for testing platelet reactivity were drawn one month after discharge from a peripheral blood sample. Several methods are used to identify the clopidogrel resistance. Some of them are ADP-Induced platelet aggregation, Platelet Reactivity Index VASP, Verify Now Assay, TEG Analyzer, Plasma microRNA-223. Drugs that are not prodrugs and whose metabolism is not dependent upon CYP2C19 can be selected as a superior alternative in case of CR. Ticagrelor is one such effective substitute. Proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel should only be used concurrently in patients with reliable clinical indications.
Quadriceps tendon autograft for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in comparison to hamstring tendon autografts
Authors: Abouheif Mohamed Mahmoud
Published: July 2024

Purpose

One of the pillars of successful anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is the choice of the ideal graft substitute. The central one-third of the quadriceps tendon is apparently a good autograft option, representing a modular reconstructive option with minimal donor site morbidity. The aim of this research is to compare the functional outcome of primary ACL reconstruction using quadriceps tendon autografts in comparison to the hamstring tendon autograft.

Patients and methods

This prospective, randomized clinical study included 60 patients with torn ACL randomly divided into group I (the control group), whereby ACL reconstruction was performed using the hamstring tendon autograft or group II (the study group), whereby ACL reconstruction was done using the central part of quadriceps tendon pure soft tissue autograft. The study was performed in our hospital between January 2016 and March 2018. The mean follow-up period was 2.2 ± 0.4 years. Assessment was done clinically using the IKDC 2000 subjective and objective scoring system. Objective laxity measurements were performed using the KT-1000 at the end of follow-up.

Results

Clinical assessment of the patients in the 6th month postoperatively and at the end of follow-up averaged 2.2 ± 0.4 years according to the IKDC 2000 Subjective and Objective Scoring System and revealed significantly better results for group II in early postoperative after 6 months, with comparable results at the end of follow-up. Objective laxity measurements at the end of follow-up revealed that the side-to-side difference is a little bit better in the quad group with no statistically significant results.

Conclusion

The central part of the quadriceps tendon is a viable autograft option for primary ACL reconstruction with good mid-term functional results, and minimal donor site morbidity as compared with the standard most commonly used hamstring tendon autograft; however, a longer term and multicenter studies are still needed to validate its routine use.
Isolated lateral malleolus fractures; operative versus nonoperative treatment
Authors: Qashwa Omar , Abdelrazek Begad H. , Waly Mohamed R.
Published: July 2024

Background

Many surgeons would advocate surgical management for isolated stable Weber type B ankle fractures to avoid hazards of nonoperative management. Concerns about surgical risks urge other surgeons to consider nonoperative alternatives. Hence, it has become apparent that this type of fracture requires precise assessment of the overall ankle stability to achieve good outcomes using either operative or nonoperative treatment.

Aim

This study aimed to compare surgical and nonsurgical management of non or minimally-displaced stable Weber B ankle fractures regarding functional and radiological outcomes.

Patients and methods

This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted between June 2021 and December 2022, involving 58 patients with stable isolated Weber B fractures with intact syndesmosis, in which stability was determined by Weight-bearing (WB) stress radiographs. Patients were randomized to group A [operative treatment with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)] or group B (nonoperative treatment with cast), including 29 patients in each group. Primary outcome analysis included American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score at 1-year follow-up for functional outcome. Secondary outcome analysis included an EQ-5D-5L questionnaire at 1 year for health status/functional outcome, in addition to a 3-weekly radiographic assessment till fracture union and at 6 months for radiological outcome.

Results

There were no significant differences identified between surgical and nonsurgical management of Weber B fractures concerning functional outcome; the mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score at the end of the follow-up was (97.93 ± 4.123) for the operative group and (97.24 ± 4.549) for the conservative group (P-value= 0.548). Concerning quality of life (QoL), this study identified no differences between surgical and nonsurgical management. Radiological union was significantly earlier with the operative group, however, at 6 months, both groups showed fully radiologically united fibula on plain radiographs.

Conclusion

Nonoperative management is comparable with operative management for such type of fracture. Consequently, when deciding the optimal intervention for patients with such injuries it is important to consider individual surgeon’s experience and other outcomes such as effects and cost. A conversation regarding treatment options should be held with the patient.
Intra Articular Calcaneal Fracture with Subtaler Joint Depression: Minimally Invasive Sinus Tarsi Approach for Open Reduction and Internal Fixation
Authors: Bayomy Essayed Mahmoud , Hussein Emad Sanad , Saad Moustafa Mohamed
Published: July 2024

Background

Numerous studies have demonstrated that fractures of the calcaneum, which account for a significant fraction of major tarsal bone fractures, are linked to severe and protracted impairment. This study aimed to evaluate minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach (STA) for open reduction and internal fixation of calcaneal fracture with joint depression to clarify and identify it benefits and drawbacks.

Methods

This prospective cohort research was performed on all adult cases with a displaced intra articular calcaneus fracture who were admitted to our institution. Patients aged of 14 to 60 years with unilateral, isolated, uncomplicated fractures were included.

Results

Our study conducted on 31patients with 34 fractures with a mean age of 34 years (type II 47% and type III 53%). The mean duration of follow-up was 20.45 months, the mean American orthopaedic foot and ankle society was 91.38% and the mean Maryland foot score was 94.79%. Pain and discomfort" were reported by 14 patients in regards to their foot. Seven individuals were found to have soreness at the locations of the posterior screws. The remaining 7 cases were identified as having complex regional pain syndrome, which is characterised by persistent foot pain, particularly when bearing weight. Sural nerve dystrophy was the only patient's complaint. One patient exhibited slight toe clawing.

Conclusion

The STA is a minimally invasive intervention utilised in the treatment of calcaneal fractures. It enables anatomic reduction of articular surfaces and allows for a clear view of the fracture.
The role of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging in the prediction of triple hamstring tendon graft size in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective study
Authors: Gaarour Osama S. , Mounir Ahmed M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Hamstring tendon grafts are efficacious and safe options for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. However, a minimum graft size of seven millimeters is required to enhance its outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to seek an effective and noninvasive way to predict the graft size to properly choose the reconstruction method.

Patients and methods

We prospectively included the data of 93 cases undergoing ACL reconstruction using triple hamstring graft. The measured graft size was correlated with cross-sectional area (CSA) of gracilis (G) and semitendinosus (ST), measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before the operation.

Results

The measured CSA of G and ST had mean values of 7.07 (range, 4–10.3) and 11.35 millimeters (range, 7.8–17.6), respectively. The combined CSA ranged between 12 and 27.6 mm (mean = 18.41). The cutoff point that was correlated with a graft diameter greater than or equal to 8 was a combined CSA of 16.9 mm. A significant positive correlation was detected between graft diameter and patients’ weight, height, G CSA, ST CSA, and combined CSA. The area under the curve was 0.8, 0.801, and 0.833 for G CSA, ST CSA, and combined CSA, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed the reliable ability of MRI parameters to predict graft diameter.

Conclusion

MRI has a reliable predictive ability for the hamstring graft size used in ACL reconstruction. Its application should be encouraged in the orthopedic setting for such patients.