bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of sex as evolutionary factor from genotype to phenotype
Authors: Bruno Riccardi  , Sergio Resta  , Giacomo Resta  , Caterina Mondovecchio
Published: May 2023

We know different forms of reproduction adopted by living beings, from the simple division of the protozoa, to the complex and modalities of the vertebrates that contemplate codified rituals and preliminary preparations before arriving at the mating. In nature there is a wide range of reproductive modalities, which is as numerous as the living species. Every reproductive system has a specific procedure and a sexual dimorphism finalized to favor the coupling and strictly suitable for the ecosystem where the union of the sexes takes place. Such a close relationship between living and environment is a consequence of the evolutionary process in which both share. But the ability to respond to random environmental variations for adapting and evolving with them is an exclusive characteristic of the living, thanks to the reproductive process mediated by sex. So sexual reproduction is the real engine that promotes evolution. The infinitely complex way in which sex acts is a subject that always has attracted biologists, and Darwin, with his work on the evolution of the living, was the first to investigate this phenomenon, inaugurating research, which still today has many obscure points. By this manuscript we are going to try to contribute to the solution of this intriguing mystery.
The influence of team work, working family conflict, working family conflict and work ability on the performance of members of the council of regional representatives of west Sumatra province
Authors: Sumiati  , Nela Abdika Zamri  , Agustin Melta  , Widya Soemantri
Published: May 2023

This study aims to see the effect of (1) team workon the performance of members of the Regional Representative Council (DPRD) of West Sumatra Province (2) Family work conflict on the performance of West Sumatra Province DRPD members (3)Occupational family conflicts on the performance of members of the Regional Representative Council of West Sumatra Province (4)Team work, Work-family conflict and work-family conflict jointly affect the performance of members of the Regional Representative Council of West Sumatra Province The population and sample used were 65 people using a saturated sampling technique (census). The data analysis technique is multiple linear regression by fulfilling the classical assumption test requirements, namely the normality, multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity tests. The results of this study indicate that (1) team work provide a significant positive influence on the performance of members of the Regional Representative Council of West Sumatra Province (2)Work family conflicthas a significant negative effect on the performance of members of the Regional Representative Council of West Sumatra Province (3)Work family conflicthas a significant negative effect on the performance of members of the West Sumatra Province DPRD (4)Team work, work family conflict and work family conflictjointly have a positive effect on the performance of members of the Regional Representative Council of West Sumatra Province.
Assessment of the relationship between housing quality and income in urbanizing city of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors: Foluso C. Awe  , Albert B. Adeboye  , Muyiwa L. Akinluyi  , Francis O. Okeke  , Sunday U. Yakubu  , Folahan  D. Awe
Published: May 2023

The study focused on the connection between the standard of housing and household income in Nigeria's Ado-Ekiti. The population of Ado-Ekiti is expanding and includes a wide range of socioeconomic categories. The study adopted a primary method of data collection, respondents who are landlords or the oldest tenants were selected randomly to give answers to 1500 structural questionnaires distributed in the study area, and a total of 1311 responses were obtained. The study was categorized into three zones: Urban Core, Transitional and Peri-phery. The variables and data were captured with statistical tables. The study found out that 62% of respondents in the Urban Core earn less than the minimum wage as against 9.05 in the Peri-phery. Also, in the Core Area, 37.3%, 40.0%, 34.6%, 32.2%, 32.9% and 47.5% of roof, windows, doors, walls, floors and ceilings respectively were bad. The hypothesis formulated is that there is no significant relationship between housing quality and income level. Using Pearson Product Correlation shows that r-value (0.530) is higher than the r-tabulated r-value (0.195), this indicates that there is a strong correlation between the quality of housing and residents' income levels. The study concluded that income level and fund availability will always affect the realization of good quality housing, the study recommended that strong government intervention in housing the urban poor must be improved; development agencies and private developers should go into funding building maintenance most especially at the urban core.
Visagism in Dentistry: Psychosocial approach of smile esthetics: A literature review
Authors: Cristina Stephany Prieto Veintimilla  , Pablo Esteban Tamariz Ordoñez
Published: May 2023

Visagism is a doctrine that relates the physical aspect and psychology of each person. It's important to say that it has an intimate relationship with dentistry at the time of planning and performing aesthetically important treatments, such as anterior dental prosthesis and smile designs, which will allow the professional to obtain results in accordance with the patient, not only physically, but they will also be able to express his/her temperament and personality. Objective: To determine the relationship between physical and aesthetic appearance and the human psyche. General description: The aesthetics of the smile has a great influence on the psychology of a person, so it can affect their personality, temperament and even their way of relating to their environment; In this way, when designing a smile in the dental office, in terms of teeth, their shape, size, color, the contour of their gums, etc., professionals must consider the psychological characteristics of the patients and do not forget their personality, what they want to demonstrate and what are their expectations about the treatment. Conclusions: Orofacial aesthetics directly influences on people’s personality and behavior, and it is able to condition their interpersonal relationships. Thus, Visagism allows aesthetic treatments to go according to the patient, not only physically, but also with their personality and identity. Clinical importance: A treatment supported by the philosophy of Visagism will allow multidisciplinary work and comprehensive results, achieving patient satisfaction due to his physical patience and the relationship he has with his personality.
The potential benefits and risks of sex-steroids therapy in thalassemic patients with hypogonadism
Authors: Ashraf Soliman  , Vincenzo De Sanctis  , Mohamed Yassin  , Ahmed Khalil  , Fawzia Alyafei  , Shayma Ahmed  , Nada Alaaraj  , Noor Hamed
Published: May 2023

Introduction: A recent review from 14 Mediterranean and Middle East countries (n =4477, mean age = 16.5 years) showed that the pooled prevalence of delayed puberty / hypogonadism in patients with BTM was 45.6%. Studying the consequences of hypogonadism and the potential benefits versus unwanted side effects of sex-steroid hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in children and adolescents with Beta Thalassemia Major (BTM) represent an important issue for these patients. Objectives: We reviewed the literature (Pubmed, Google scholar, Scopus, Research gate) (1995: 2022) on the consequences of hypogonadism and benefits versus side effects of using sex Steroid therapy (HRT) in hypogonadal adolescents with BTM. Thirty-five papers were included and analyzed. Results: HRT had a variable but significant beneficial effect on improving bone mineral density (BMD), pubertal growth spurt, development of secondary sexual characteristics and subsequently improved quality of life (QOL) in children and adolescents with BTM. Increased side effects of HRT in these patients may occur due to their state of hypercoagulability especially in splenectomized patients and those with cardiomyopathy, chronic hepatitis, and dysglycemia. Gynecomastia and local pain in the site of injection confirmed in a considerable number of males on testosterone therapy. Local reaction to sex steroid patches appeared in around 30% of patients. Based on this review recommendations for using HRT in these patients were updated. Conclusion: Proper and wise use of sex steroid therapy in patients with BTM can significantly improve many consequences of hypogonadism.
Teratogenic effect of electric mosquito repellents on mouse (Mus musculus) fetuses
Authors: Devi Aprilia  , Bambang Purnomo Sunardi Rahardjo  , Ira Sari Yudaniayanti  , Widjiati Widjiati  , Sri Agus Sudjarwo  , Budiarto Budiarto  , Epy Muhammad Luqman
Published: May 2023

Introduction: This study aims to determine the teratogenic effects of electric mosquito repellents on mouse (Mus musculus) fetuses. The electric mosquito repellent used contains the active ingredient dimefluthrin 0.566% (4.2 mg/matt) which was inhaled into pregnant mice during the organogenesis period of 6-15 days of gestation. Material and Methods: A total of 30 pregnant mice were divided into five groups with six repetitions, namely C: Control group (without exposure to electric mosquito repellent), T1: exposed to electric mosquito repellent for 4 hours/day, T2: exposed to electric mosquito repellent 6 hours/day, T3: exposed to electric mosquito repellent 8 hours /day, and T4: exposed to electric mosquito repellent 10 hours/day. Parameters tested including fetal weight and length were analyzed using One-Way Anova and then continued with Duncan test. Live fetuses (%), dead fetuses (%), and morphological abnormalities (%) were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with the Mann-Whitney test. Results: This study found that there were no gross morphological abnormalities, however hemorrhage was found on the skin surface. The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the weight and length of the fetus, live fetus (%), dead fetus (%), and hemorrhage (%). Discussion: The highest rates of fetal death and hemorrhage were shown in the T4 treatment (exposed to electric mosquito repellents 10 hours/day). Dimefluthrin enters the body of pregnant mouse as a substance that forms reactive oxygen species (ROS). Blood vessel cells that are exposed to ROS and have oxidative stress will be damaged and even die so that the blood vessels become brittle and break easily.
Bacterial contamination of syrups in households found in squatter settlements of Mwanza city, Tanzania: A health threat to the community
Authors: Karol Julius Marwa  , Norbert Ambrose Haule  , Martha Fidelis Mushi
Published: May 2023

Bacterial contamination of syrups due to improper handling or poor adherence to storage conditions cause spoilage of the products which might lead to serious clinical hazardous problems. Data on the microbiological quality of different syrups at community pharmacy and hospital level is well established. However, there is paucity of data (globally) on microbial contamination of syrups at household level. Therefore, the present study aimed at establishing the magnitude of bacterial contamination in syrups obtained from households and associated factors. About 292 of syrup samples of different types were taken to the microbiology laboratory for analysis as per established protocols. Data were analysed using STATA version 13 following the objectives of the study. A total of 292 syrups were sampled with average of 3.29 syrup type per household. Households found with contaminated syrups were 12 out of 89 (13.5%), whereas the total number of contaminated syrups in these households was 15 (5.1%). The most common bacterial species found as contaminant was Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4 (36.4%) followed by Enterobacter cloacea 2 (18.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 2 (18.2%). A sufficient amount of syrups stored at households were presumably bacteriologically contaminated. The general public needs to be educated on proper handling and storage of liquid pharmaceutical products as a key aspect in eliminating cross-contamination of these products.
Curry tree, Murraya koenigii (L.) (Spreng): A review and future prospects using applications of next generation sequencing technology
Authors: Pallav Kaushik Deshpande  , Anuja Dubey  , Ragini Gothalwal
Published: May 2023

Murraya koenigii is a multipotential medicinal plant. Almost each and every part of the plant has numerous medical applications. Thus, it can be considered as most suitable candidate for new drug discovery. The present review proposes very useful idea for developing significant amount of both genetic and genomic resource for M. koenigii. The transcript data which can be developed using these approaches can be used for both basic and applied aspects in M. koenigii genetics and breeding. Further, this will be helpful for the discovery and characterization of genes responsive to various medicinal values of the plants and can be further studied and validated. The present review is an attempt which will help to isolate the active principles, as well as to elucidate the role of various interacting phytocompounds which influence therapeutic potential and efficacy in vivo.
A study of the concept of water in Susruta samhita
Authors: Dilip Kr. Goswami
Published: May 2023

Water is well accepted to be the first priority daily requirement of the human society and also of the other living organisms. Even, if observed, it is seen that, the soil becomes fertile by water, the plants cannot grow without water, animals cannot live without water. The human and animal use water for external cleaning and drinking. Above that the human use it for cleaning of clothes, utensils, residence etc. and for preparation of different types of foods and drinks. Water is a nature’s gift to the creation. It falls on the earth as rain, becomes stored in the natural reservoirs like, river, lake, sea etc. artificial reservoirs like pond, well, tranch etc. as overground water and some portion becomes stored under the ground as underground water. The overground water can be used directly from the sources but to use the underground water tubewell, deepwell etc. are to be installed. Water, being the unavoidable need for the human society, is occupying an important place in study and research. Many studies have been conducting in different levels to understand details about water scientifically. Study on the water cycle, types,qualities, identification of pure / polluted water, purification of impure / polluted water, healthy preservation etc. are being taken as the areas of study. When the question of the knowledge of water of the ancient human society is raised then, as an Ayurvedic person, the descriptions available in the ancient Ayurvedic classics come to the mind. Here a discussion on the available concepts in Susruta Samhita, the first book on Surgery, is made for the appraisal of the scientific society.
Dengue: A mosquito borne disease
Authors: Akshata B. Sinare  , Ganesh D. Barkade
Published: May 2023

Dengue is a highly infectious disease of the tropical countries. It is caused by any of the 4 serotypes of dengue virus and is transmitted within humans through female Aedes mosquitoes. Dengue disease varies from mild fever to severe conditions of dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. The optical, electrochemical, microfluidic, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and smartphone-based biosensors are the main approaches which developed for detection of different biomarkers and serotypes of Dengue virus. Future efforts in miniaturization of these methods open the horizons for development of commercial biosensors for early-diagnosis of Dengue virus infection.
Natural antibacterial gel to fight tooth decay: An in-silico modeling approach
Authors: Appalaraju Dangeti  , V Venkata Trinadha Anand Kumar Reddy Jeeri  , Prakash Nathaniel Kumar Sarella  , Madhubabu Mogili
Published: May 2023

This study developed an antibacterial oral gel to inhibit Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium that causes tooth decay. The gel was formulated using methanol extract of Piper betel leaves, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and glycerin at different concentrations. The formulated gel was evaluated for pH, viscosity and antibacterial activity against S. mutans using standard methods. The methanol extract showed potent antibacterial activity, supporting its use in the gel formulation. In silico molecular docking studies targeted key S. mutans protein residues involved in substrate binding. Eleven bioactive compounds identified in the Piper betel extract via GC-MS analysis were docked against protein 1EUH, an NADP-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase from S. mutans. All 11 compounds exhibited favorable docking scores, suggesting strong binding affinity for the target protein. The docking results correlated with the antibacterial activity of the formulated gel, which inhibited S. mutans growth more effectively than sodium fluoride, a standard dental product.
O consumo de drogas no ambiente acadêmico da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Brauer Beatriz Costa , Colle de almeida soares Emily , Oliveira Maria Luísa Vieira Mello de , Santos Mell Mariane Lima dos , Moraes Pâmela Iohana Nantes , Reis Cássio Pinho dos
Published: May 2023

O uso de drogas causa diversos efeitos funestos ao organismo e à vida social, podendo afetar gravemente a saúde do usuário e causar até mesmo dependência. O objetivo deste estudo, é investigar o consumo de drogas entre os discentes da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, atentando ao fato de que os estudantes têm fácil acesso a entorpecentes na universidade e tem seu uso justificado desde a aceitação social até a fuga da realidade ou até mesmo para conseguir boas notas. A pesquisa revelou que a maioria das exposições ocorreu com homens e com maiores de 18 anos. A medida do tempo que o aluno está na universidade, aumenta o seu percentual de uso, sendo que o uso era para momentos de lazer, ou em momentos de semana de prova/final de semestre. Entretanto, muitos já tiveram vontade de usar drogas com o único objetivo de aumentar suas notas.
caminhos abertos pela Lei 10.639/03 e a aplicação da educação antirracista nos currículos jurídicos
Authors: Palma Vanessa Cristina Lourenço Casotti Ferreira da , Souza Evelyn da Costa
Published: May 2023

Dentre as lutas por reconhecimento travadas pelas vítimas do racismo, o campo jurídico se mostra desafiador. Além dos obstáculos na formulação e implementação de leis em prol da igualdade formal, a conduta dos profissionais do direito influência a efetividade dessas conquistas, revelando uma formação jurídica indiferente à desigualdade racial. Por outro lado, a Lei 10.639/03, ao estabelecer o ensino da história afro-brasileira, abriu caminho para medidas correlatas e a criação de um programa curricular antirracista. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a aplicação da educação antirracista nos currículos jurídicos, utilizando uma abordagem hipotético-dedutiva e técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Ao final, constatou-se que a implementação das diretrizes curriculares antirracistas também possibilitou a criação de currículos jurídicos antirracistas.
Determinant Of Sharia Stock Returns And The Impact Of The Pandemic As Moderation Variables (Case Study of Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) for the 2017-2021 Period)
Authors: Irsyadillah Muhammad Ridha , Masrifah Atika Rukminastiti
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to carry out further tests on the variables that influence Sharia Stock Returns on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) by considering the Covid-19 pandemic as a moderating variable. The research population is companies registered on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) for 2017 - 2021. The data was analyzed using a purposive sampling technique, 95 data were obtained. Data were analyzed using the E-Views analysis technique. The results of this research indicate that the variables EPS, DER, ROA, CR have no significant effect on Islamic stock returns, but the pandemic variable can affect Islamic stock returns. Meanwhile, the moderating impact of the pandemic on the relationship between EPS, DER, ROA, CR variables on Sariah's stock returns is not proven. These results provide empirical evidence that the pandemic has greatly worsened Islamic stock prices in the Journal of Islamic Index (JII).Keywords: Pandemic Covid 19, Stock Return, Profitability, Sovabilty, Likuidity ABSTRAKTujuan Riset ini adalah ingin melakukan pengujian lebih lanjut terhadap variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi Return Saham Syariah di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) dengan mempertimbangkan pandemi Covid-19 sebagai variabel moderasi. Populasi riset ini adalah  perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) tahun 2017 - 2021. Data dinalisis menggunakan  Teknik purposive sampling diperoleh data sebanyak 95 data. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis E-Views. Hasil riset ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel EPS, DER, ROA, CR tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return Saham Syariah namun variabel pandemic mampu mempengaruhi return saham syariah. Sedangkan dampak moderasi pandemic terhadap hubungan variabel EPS, DER, ROA, CR terhadap return saham Sariah tidak terbukti. Hasil ini memberikan bukti empiris bahwa pandemic sangat memperburuk harga saham syariah di Jurnal Islamic Index (JII).Keywords: Pandemic Covid 19, Return Saham, Profitabilitas, Sovabiltas, Likuiditas
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CHLORAMPENICOL IN TIGER PRAWNS (PENAEUS MONODON) BASED ON THE DIAZOTATION REACTION
Authors: Kurniawan Indra , Arif Moh. Syaiful , Yusuf Bohari
Published: May 2023

Analisa chlorampenicol pada udang windu secara spektrofotometri berbasis reaksi diazotasi telah dilakukan. sulfanilamid digunakan sebagai sumber garam diazo yang akan dikopling dengan chlorampenicol. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan beberapa optimasi seperti optimasi suhu, volume HCl, volume NaNO2, volume sulfanilamid dan waktu kopling. Senyawa yang dihasilkan yaitu senyawa azo sulfanilamid-chlorampenicol berwarna kuning jernih yang akan diukur dengan spektrofotometri visible. Dilakukan aplikasi pada sampel udang windu yang telah dipreparasi. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian chlorampenicol pada sampel udang windu, diperoleh nilai koefisien variasi pada konsentrasi chlorampenicol 20 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL dan 70 µg/mL berturut turut sebesar 4,0269 %, 1,9509 % dan 4,2771 %. dengan rata rata sebesar 3,4183 % lebih kecil 1/8,5 dibandingkan CV Horwitz sebesar 9,2777%. Nilai akurasi pada rentang 99,7143% sampai 100,8730%. Nilai limit deteksi sebesar 6,2411 mg/mL dan nilai limit kuantisasi sebesar 20,8036 mg/mL. Serta Nilai sensitivitas sebesar 0,0021 mL/mg.
IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA LIMBAH KULIT BUAH
Authors: Amnestiya Prilla , Putra Arief Yandra , Sari Yelfira
Published: May 2023

Indonesia adalah negara yang menyimpan kekayaan sumber daya hayati, terutama buah tropika. Tingginya keragaman tanaman buah di Indonesia menghasilkan berbagai manfaat untuk kesehatan, di antara lain sebagai antioksidan. Tidak hanya terdapat dibuah, kulit buah juga mengandung antioksidan untuk kesehatan. Manfaat antioksidan bagi tubuh di antaranya untuk melindungi sel-sel tubuh dari kerusakan yang diakibatkan oleh radikal bebas. Senyawa radikal bebas terdapat dalam lingkungan kehidupan sehari-hari manusia. Polusi udara merupakan salah satu contoh sumber radikal bebas. Sumber radikal bebas lainnya yaitu racun, paparan sinar matahari berlebih, asap rokok, makanan yang digoreng, dan obat-obat tertentu. Tujuan dari literature review ini adalah untuk mengetahui metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas antioksidan yang terdapat pada limbah kulit buah sebagai mengakal radikal bebas. Metode yang digunakan dalam karya tulis ini penelusuran pustaka melalui database Google dan Google Scholar dengan menggunakan keyword. Jurnal yang telah ditemukan dilakukan screening dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Berdasarkan hasil dari berbagai penelusuran yang dicantumkan dalam artikel menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi terdapat pada limbah kulit buag naga yaitu nilai IC50 adalah 2,69 ppm.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BACTERIAL CELLULOSE MODIFIED WITH PLANT EXTRACTS
Authors: Apriani Riza , Utami Nina
Published: May 2023

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is utilized in numerous industries, including the cosmetic, biomedical, and packaging industries. Nonetheless, BC lacks antibacterial activity and must be combined with antimicrobial agents, including plant extracts. This review aims to give information on the antibacterial activity of BC that has been modified by the addition of plant extracts. The method used in this study is article review. Articles were selected from Q1-Q3 category international journals published within the recent decade. Based on the results, extracts of rhizomes, ethanol extracts of gwarri stems and leaves, oregano leaves, rosemary leaves, lovage leaves, parsley leaves, green tea leaves, rosella petals, and red and pink variants of hibiscus flowers, bitter melon seeds, gletang leaves, arabica coffee, and andaliman fruit, temu Kunci dimethyl sulfoxide extract, mulberry leaf NaOH extract, pomegranate skin water extract, and rosemary leaves have been used to modify BC. Antimicrobial activity showed the most significant increase in BC-modified ethanol extract of rosella petals at a concentration of 500 ppm with an OD600 of 0% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FTIR and SEM investigations of pure BC and BC modified with plant extracts revealed variations in functional group content and three-dimensional fibrillar network structure.
EXTRACTION EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PECTIN FROM LEMON LIME PEEL WASTE (Citrus amblycarpa)
Authors: Maulida Fiqi Estuning Nava , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Erwin Erwin
Published: May 2023

Research on the extraction and characterization of pectin from lemon lime peel waste (Citrus amblycarpa) has been done. The purpose of this research is to process lime waste into raw material of pectin source, to know pectin quality of extract obtained, and characterization pectin using FTIR spectrum. To obtain the results of research conducted several stages of research are pectin extraction, pectin precipitation, pectin washing, pectin drying and continued with the characterization of pectin which includes determination of moisture content, ash content, equivalent weight, methoxyl content, galakturonat level, esterification degree and spectrum analysis FTIR to determine the absorption of pectin functional groups obtained. The results showed that the yield% was 11.72%, the water content was 11.40%, the ash content was 1.34%, the weight of the equivalent was 871.5, the metoxyl content was 5.66, the galactonate level was 64.48 %, degree of esterification equal to 49,84% and FTIR analysis result which have conformity with standard pectin group that has OH, CH aliphatic, C = O, CH3 and CO group (secondary alcohol, carboxylic, ester, ether).
LARVICIDE EFFECT OF TAGETES ERECTA EXTRACT HEXANE AND ACETONE FRACTION ON INSTAR 3 AND 4 AEDES AEGYPTI MOSQUITO LARVAE
Authors: Aminu November Rianto , Soetjipto Hartati , Kristijanto A Ign
Published: May 2023

Resistance to temephos as a larvicide of A. aegyptimosquitoes has occurred in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to look for other active compounds that can act as larvicides, but also environmentally friendly. This study used leaf and roots extract of T. erectahexane and acetone fraction as larvicide. The process begins with drying followed by extracting samples (leaves and roots of T. erecta) each with hexane and acetone solvents. Test solutions were made with a concentration of 0, 0.0075, 0.015, 0.03, and 0.1% (w/v) of the extract produced. Larvicide test was carried out referring to WHOPES by observing the mortality of instar larvae 3 and 4 in each extract. The results obtained showed the mortality percentage of larvae increased with increasing concentration and exposure time in both types of larvae. The lowest LC 50 was obtained from the root extract of hexane fraction (37 ppm) for 3rd instar larvae and acetone fraction (61 ppm) for instar 4 larvae.

Keywords: Larvae, A. aegypti, T. erecta. Fraction
SENYAWA SENYAWA PTEROKARPAN DARI KULIT BATANG Spatholobus ferrugineus
Authors: Saputri Ratih Dewi , Aldin Muhammad Fadjar , Tjahjandarie Tjitjik Srie , Marliana Eva , Tanjung Mulyadi
Published: May 2023

Dua senyawa turunan pterokarpan, variabilin (1), and medikarpin (2)  telah diisolasi dari kulit batang Spatholobus ferrugineus. Penentuan struktur kedua senyawa pterokarpan ditetapkan berdasarkan analisis spektrum UV, IR, 1D dan 2D NMR. Uji aktivitas antikanker senyawa 1â€“2 terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 memperlihatkan nilai IC50 2,73 dan 14,36 Âµg/ml.

Kata kunci : Spatholobus ferrugineus, pterokarpan, antikanker, sel MCF-7.
KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIK KIMIA METIL ESTER MINYAK BIJI WIJEN (Sesamum indicum L.) DAN KOMPOSISINYA
Authors: NMC Aji Zaldya , Daniel Daniel , Hiyahara Irfan Ashari
Published: May 2023

Sintesis dietanolamida dari metil ester minyak biji wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) telah dilakukan dengan tahapan meliputi proses ekstraksi, transesterifikasi dan amidasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada proses ekstraksi secara maserasi diperoleh rendemen minyak biji wijen sebesar 36,14% dengan bilangan asam sebesar 1,1531 mg KOH/g, kadar ALB sebesar 0,5796% dan bilangan penyabunan sebesar 51,287 mg KOH/g. Pada proses konversi minyak biji wijen menjadi metil ester melalui transesterifikasi diperoleh bilangan asam sebesar 0,5126 mg KOH/g, kadar ALB turun menjadi 0,2704% dan bilangan penyabunan sebesar 50,049 mg KOH/g. Berdasarkan analisa GC-MS metil ester, komposisi yang paling dominan adalah metil oleat sebesar 39,13%. Berdasarkan spektrum FT-IR metil ester memberikan puncak serapan yang spesifik pada gugus C=O ester dengan bilangan gelombang 1743 cm-1. Pada proses konversi metil ester menjadi dietanolamida melalui proses amidasi menghasilkan nilai bilangan asam sebesar 0,3559 mg KOH/g, kadar ALB turun menjadi 0,2341% dan bilangan penyabunan sebesar 0,2749 mg KOH/g. Berdasarkan spektrum FT-IR dietanolamida memberikan puncak serapan spesifik untuk gugus C=O amida pada bilangan gelombang 1651 cm-1 dan C-N pada bilangan gelombang 1056 cm-1. Nilai HLB dietanolamida secara praktik sebesar 4,552 yang termasuk surfaktan golongan pengemulsi water in oil (W/O).
Musik Ritual Bebalai dalam Upacara Adat Pesta Laut Bontang Kuala di Bontang Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Yulinalmi Hirda , Gunawan Asril , Pratama Zamrud Whidas
Published: May 2023

This research aims to describe the presentation form and function of Bebalai music in the traditional ceremony of "Pesta Laut" Bontang Kuala. The "Pesta Laut" ceremony is a ritual for the indigenous people of Bontang Kuala that is still preserved and held every year from November to December. The "Pesta Laut" ceremony has meaning as a form of gratitude to God Almighty to be kept away from danger and various kinds of diseases. The Pesta Laut ceremony is divided into seven processions: (1) mencera buluh; (2) balai pompong; (3) melabuh perahu; (4) menjamu karang; (5) ance; (6) pagar mayang; and (7) balai puncak. The "Pesta Laut" ceremony also involves the arts, which include Bebalai music. The theories used are ceremony theory by Koentjaraningrat and function theory by R.M. Soedarsono. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The result of this research is that along with the times, the "Pesta Laut" ceremony has experienced a shift by adjusting to the environmental conditions of the community. It can be seen from the traditional rituals that were once highly sacred by the people of Bontang Kuala but are now carried out as ceremonial events.
Pembelajaran Alat Musik Ritmis pada Siswa Kelas VII di SMP Negeri 2 Belitang Jaya Kabupaten OKU Timur
Authors: Sukma Irawan
Published: May 2023

This study aims describe the preparation, implementation, and evaluation in Learning Rhythmic Musical Instruments for Grade VII Students at SMP Negeri 2 Belitang Jaya, East OKU Regency. The thing that wants to be examined is how the learning of rhythmic musical instruments for seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Belitang Jaya can be conveyed well by the Cultural Arts Teacher, as evidenced by the ability of students to play rhythmic musical instruments. The descriptive qualitative method is very appropriate to use in this study. The results of this study indicate that the learning process of rhythmic musical instruments in class VII students has been classified as good, this is evidenced by many students who can play rhythmic musical instruments correctly and reach an average score of 85. Another factor is because it is supported by teaching strategies and musical abilities possessed by cultural arts teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Belitang Jaya is very good. In addition, the readiness of teachers in preparing learning tools in accordance with the 2013 Curriculum and other supporting facilities greatly supports the achievement of the objectives of rhythmic music learning.
Karya Karawitan Inovatif “Ngincung”
Authors: Sutyasa I Made Agus Natih , Saptono Saptono , Muryana I Ketut
Published: May 2023

Pangilen can be interpreted as a procession carried out through certain stages or steps tailored to the type of ritual activity. There are several series of pangilen processions, one of which is the Ngincung procession. The term ngincung is the last procession or the closing part in the stages of the Pangilen-ilen Mangku procession in Kesiman village. This work is realized in the form of an innovative musical work using the medium of expression of Semar Pegulingan and Selonding gamelan. This innovative musical work is divided into 3 parts with a duration of 12 minutes, using 17 musicians, including the composer. The creation method used in creating this innovative musical work entitled Ngincung is the Alma M. Hawkins creation method, which contains three stages: the exploration stage, the experimental stage, and the formation stage. Research, observation, or interviews are conducted in the exploration stage on the idea raised. After getting the idea raised for the Innovative Karawitan work, move on to the second stage, which is experimentation. In the experimental stage, the idea was put into the form of a musical piece. After that, we began the formation stage by starting the process of rehearsing the work with the supporters of the work, starting with determining a good day to do nuasen.
Linearitas Wujud Tradisi Lisan terhadap Lagu Bedandeng Suku Kutai di Kecamatan Tenggarong
Authors: Rawanggalih Kresna Syuhada , Vivian Yofi Irvan , Pratama Zamrud Whidas
Published: May 2023

Bedandeng is one of the traditional vocals found in the Kutai tribe in Tenggarong District and is sung while working (in the fields) and putting children to sleep. Currently, many young people from the Kutai tribe are not familiar with the Bedandeng song because it is rarely performed, so they do not know its musical characteristics and the context in which it is spoken. Bedandeng song research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive analysis approach to determine musical forms and (non-musical) speech contexts. There are four Bedandeng lyrics which adjust the function, place, and activities of the singer (wailing, advising, and putting the child to sleep). The four lyrics of Bedandeng have musical characteristics by Jean Ferris which include phrases (antecedents and consequents), melodies (C – D – Eb – F – G – Ab), themes (adjusting the place and activities of the singer), scale (C scale Original Minor), and uses melismatic and syllabic concepts in each of its lyrics. Context of speech is also found in Bedandeng's fourth lyrics, namely culture, situation, social, and ideology. The songs in the four Bedandeng lyrics have a linearity that is related to the musical characteristics and speech context (oral tradition) in the lyrics conveyed by the singer.
Eksistensi Pujian Himne “Mengikut Yesus Keputusanku” dan Perkembangan Musik Kontemporer pada Liturgi Ibadah Masa Kini
Authors: Simatupang Jhonnedy Kolang Nauli
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this research is to see and provide an understanding of the existence of a hymn in the liturgy of Christian worship today, both hymns and contemporary hymns, and the meaning of the hymn "Mengikut Yesus Keputusanku." A qualitative research method is used through a literature review in writing this scientific work. The results of this research are as follows. First, as church music grows in the liturgy of worship, it can be noted that whether or not the hymns of hymns are a little less, added several church denominations are coming to comfortable with the use of contemporary praise in the liturgy of worship, second, the "Mengikut Yesus Keputusanku." Praise is one of the great testimonies of those who sing this praise, regardless of this praise, it is a form of faith that one believes in God to this day, even this praise continues to grow with various translations and insights. Third, the presence of contemporary music and the praise of hymns should be combined into God.
Visual pollution and statistical determination in some of Karrada district main streets /Baghdad
Authors: Atta Husham AbdMunaf
Published: May 2023

This study objective is to identify the visual pollution in Karrada district main streets as an example of main streets in Baghdad, the public opinion about each pollutants, solutions to reduce and eliminate the pollution were suggested as well. In order to accomplish this objective different methods were used, 16 pollutants were selected, pictures of each pollutants were taken and a questioner were distributed randomly for 270 people to evaluate the public opinion with statistical methods. Garbage, their disposal and storage areas took the first two places as the highest offensive pollutants. The people showed that they find long lines of vehicles, debris and generators appearance ranked third, fourth and fifth respectively .This research showed that more than 70 percent of people are against the militarization of society and they consider any existence of heavy military machinery or personal is highly offensive issue. Other pollutants such as street sellers, beggars, and crossed wires considered as moderately offensive. Car parking in inappropriate places, badly trimmed trees, large billboards in the streets and the buildings criteria considered slightly offensive. The shops billboards and cellular phone and internet towers were considered the least offensive pollutants. Major solutions is to enhance the municipality management in both planning and operation methods relayed to pollution removal, running awareness campaigns to educate the people about the visual pollution effects and how to reduce it and reduce the military appearances in the city
Assessment Efficiency Evaluation of Al-Diwaniya Sewage Treatment Plant in Iraq
Authors: Alsaqqar Awatif Soaded , Khudair Basim Hussein , Mekki Ahmid
Published: May 2023

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the sewage treatment plant in Al-Diwaniya, one of cities in the southern part in Iraq. This evaluation could be used to facilitate effluent quality assessment or optimal process control of the plant. The influent reaching the plant is considered a medium to strong in strength with BOD5/COD ratio in the range 0.23 and 0.69 which can be considered an easily degradable sewage by the biological processes performed by the activated sludge unit. The quality of the effluent was found to be higher than the Iraqi standards for disposal to water bodies. The BOD5/COD ratios of the treated sewage varied over a wide range as low of 0.13 to 1.48 indicating operational problems in the plant. Regression analysis was performed to estimate the removal percentages of BOD5, COD, TSS and NO3 that the plant should perform by to reach the disposal limitations.
Prediction of Coefficient of Permeability of Unsaturated Soil
Authors: Fattah Mohammed Y. , Ahmed Mahmood D. , Ali Nawar A.
Published: May 2023

A simple technique is proposed in this paper for estimating the coefficient of permeability of an unsaturated soil based on physical properties of soils that include grain size analysis, degree of saturation or water content, and porosity of the soil. The proposed method requires the soil-water characteristic curve for the prediction of the coefficient of permeability as most of the conventional methods. A procedure is proposed to define the hydraulic conductivity function from the soil water characteristic curve which is measured by the filter paper method. Fitting methods are applied through the program (SoilVision), after indentifying the basic properties of the soil such as Attereberg limits, specific gravity, void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation and wet and dry unit weights.
Place Identity in Defining Urban Space of Border Rivers in Historical City Centres
Authors: Al Ani Mohammed Qasim Abdul Ghafoor
Published: May 2023

In the city, building space could transform to be as place, because architecture does not include only traditional values such as housing, human protection, stability, etc, but could carry other dimensions beyond the housing or building occupancy or develop urban design. Rivers had vision in motion as a way to show dynamic processes in its flowing slowly, which are simply measured in time and the life of citizens. The research consider the river path in traditional cities as Alley connecting the spaces of the city ... old Baghdad was characterized by this property and it is look like Venice in the past, while traditional European cities were able to preserve this property till now, and capable to take transformation of the city with development projects inside it. These cities was distinguished by development of river edge as creating place along the river corridor and try to attract peoples who lived in, protect the natural environment along the river, as well as reflect the characteristics of the city along of the elevation of the river, and conserve the river banks as alley connected between urban spaces. Baghdad which penetrates by Tigris River has maintained this feature until the middle of twentieth century. So now, the research can see the absence of specialized local studies, including The comprehensive development plan of the Baghdad city 2030 to study and Re design the spaces and places along river edge, this led to emerge research problem, in the absence of specific knowledge about identity of river space characteristics for identification of urban space in place of the Tigris River in downtown of Baghdad historical city center, in the urban development plans since the mid-twentieth century until now, and study design factors that contributed with disintegration of the space syntax relations in river elevation. Turning to the experience of historical European cities and how to deal with urban space to the edge of the river and created the identity of the place, especially the interface development experience the (Seine river in Paris, Thames River in London, Tiber River in Rome, Danube River in Vienna & Budapest, Vltava river in Prague) and study urban style in dealing with the river edge, in order to reach the elements which define the identity of each city. In order to reach the aim of research in redefining the identity of places for urban spaces overlooking to integrate the banks of Tigris River in the historical city centre of Baghdad, and the methods of linking the development of river front with the comprehensive development plan of the Baghdad city 2030.
Effect of long-term application of fertilizers on the humus substances transformation in podzolic soil
Authors:   National Scientific Center “Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O.N. Sokolovsky”, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Skrylnyk Ie. V. , Puznyak O. М. ,   Volyn State Agricultural Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissya, Rokyni, Volyn, Ukraine, Kutova А. M. ,   National Scientific Center “Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O.N. Sokolovsky”, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Artemyeva K. S. ,   National Scientific Center “Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O.N. Sokolovsky”, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Moskalenko B. P. ,   National Scientific Center “Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O.N. Sokolovsky”, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2023

The article reflects the results of a study of the regularities of the transformation of humic substances at different levels of structural organization during long-term fertilization against the background of liming of podzolic sandy loamy soil in a field experiment in Western Polissya of Ukraine. It was found that the low content of chemically active organic substances in the humus composition of podzolic soils, caused by the zonal features of humus formation, can be positively corrected by applying fertilizers. Long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers intensifies the process of new formation of humic acids and the formation of their mobile forms – the ratio of Cha-1 / Cfa-1 is 0.28 in the control without fertilizers and 0.33–0.88 in the variants of fertilization against the background of liming. With an organo-mineral fertilizer system, the most favorable conditions are formed for the humification of organic substances however, the type of humus remained fulvate – the Cha / Cfa ratio is 0.93 in the control variant and 0.41 – against the background of liming. Also, the application of fertilizers had an effect on the redistribution of the polydispersity of humic acids, which was characterized by a decrease in the heterogeneity of the composition of hydrophobic molecular aggregates. In a wide range of 1800 cm-1 to 2500 cm-1, a change in the direction of the line of the integral spectrum of soil humic acids under the application of CaCO3 from left to right was found, which is associated with a change in molecular parameters. Based on the results of chromatographic analysis, it was established that the profiles of the molecular distribution of humic acids podzolic soil correspond to the humus substances class. The first fraction is characterized by the formation of ion associates of larger molecules of polar composition. The recovery of humic acids occurred mainly due to high-molecular structures, which is the most sensitive to the application of fertilizers.