bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH, SEBUAH STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENYIAPKAN KEMANDIRIAN PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Dopo Wal
Published: September 2021

Untuk mempersiapkan lahirnya generasi emas yang akan melanjutkan estafet kepemimpinan bangsa Indonesia pada tahun 2045 pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai hal seperti: penyediaan SDM pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan yang memenuhi syarat kualifikasi dan kompetensi, pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan hingga ke tingkat satuan pendidikan (KTSP), pembangunan sarana/prasarana pendidikan yang memadahi, peningkatan anggaran pendidikan, layanan pendidikan yang berbasis TIK dan lain-lain. Persiapan lainnya untuk dapat menghasilkan generasi diharapkan adalah melalui pendidikan karakter. Sudah banyak yang dihasilkan melalui usaha-usaha tersebut, namun juga masih banyak hal-hal yang harus dipersiapkan. Salah satunya adalah mempersiapkan peserta didik agar menjadi generasi yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mencarikan jalan keluar atas masalah-masalah riil yang dihadapi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Untuk kepentingan ini, penerapan Strategi Pendidikan/Pembelajaran yang Berbasis Masalah atau Problem-Based Learning yang disingkat PBL dianggap cocok untuk diterapkan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolahsekolah. Melalui PBL peserta didik dilatih untuk mencari jalan keluar atas masalah-masalah yang dihadapi. Agar penerapan PBL dapat berjalan seperti yang diharapkan maka disarankan agar pemerintah (Kemdikbud) mencanangkan penerapan PBL dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah-sekolah, melatih guru-guru dalam penerapan PBL serta dukungan dalam bentuk kebijakan, anggaran dan sarana/prasarana. Sebagai lembaga yang bertanggung jawab dalam bidang TIK untuk pendidikan, Pustekkom disarankan untuk memberikan dukungan dalam bentuk sumber belajar yang berbasis TIK.
Mudanças na metodologia tradicional de matemática: uma necessidade para a inclusão
Authors: Soares Aline Maria de Almeida
Published: September 2021

Este artigo aborda como tema central as modificações necessárias na metodologia tradicional de matemática, sendo estas uma necessidade para a inclusão dos alunos nas escolas, pois o método utilizado mediante quadro, lápis e livro didático não são suficientes para garantir a inclusão de todos os alunos em uma sala de aula. Sabe-se que a educação é a ferramenta que permite moldar a realidade, a qual deve estar voltada para a formação da sociedade, sendo essencial para a evolução do ser humano. Nesse artigo será apresentado uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo, tendo como objetivo apresentar métodos que podem auxiliar os docentes na transmissão do ensino de matemática, por meio de adaptações de materiais manipulativos, os quais devem servir para auxiliar na transmissão do conhecimento, e na aprendizagem de todos os estudantes, ajudando assim na inclusão dos alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais em uma sala de aula regular. Observa-se que a educação inclusiva, busca incluir os alunos com deficiências nas turmas regulares do ensino. Percebe-se que no contexto da educação, as vezes o estudante sente muita dificuldade, principalmente nas operações matemáticas. Desta forma o problema de pesquisa foi investigar a seguinte questão: O que o docente pode utilizar para mudar a maneira tradicional de transmitir os conteúdos de matemática, a fim de promover a inclusão dos alunos com necessidades especiais na educação escolar regular, de modo que o aluno possa desenvolver habilidades e entender melhor os novos conhecimentos adquiridos, facilitando o ensino/aprendizagem? Buscou-se o que autores dizem sobre o tema em produções acadêmicas publicadas em livros, revistas eletrônicas, artigos, dissertações e monografias. Sendo assim, conclui-se que os métodos apresentados durante a pesquisa contribui para o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem, e para a inclusão dos alunos na sala de aula, pois na medida que é oferecido ao estudante maneiras diferentes de aprender o conteúdo, ele se sente curioso para observar como realizar a atividade com o aquele material, e o educador consegue chamar a atenção dos alunos, de modo que os estudantes conseguem desenvolver suas habilidades com os materiais manipulativos, facilitando assim o processo de aprendizagem.
Conceptual proposal of the landscape as an environmental indicator for the spatial and temporal study of the territory
Authors: Jiménez-Moreno María Josefa , Escalona-Maurice Miguel J. , Rodríguez-Laguna Rodrigo , Razo-Zarate Ramón , Acevedo-Sandoval Otilio A.
Published: September 2021

Objective: To propose the landscape as an environmental indicator that spatially and temporally, describes, analyzes, and evaluates territory, by changing some natural, social, economic, and cultural components.
Approach: Different methodological concepts of the landscape and environmental indicators were reviewed, as well as their characteristics to describe and evaluate the environment.
Results: It was found that the landscape is a comprehensive analysis method for the study of the environment, by selecting the parameters that describe and represent each landscape, through shapes, size, colors, textures, shadows, patterns, situations, associated features, and structures arranged under a spatial and temporal order which, when perceived by humans, present a given form of organization or disorganization in the environment.
Implications: The environmental indicator allows to analyze and evaluate the changes in space and time, with updated qualitative and quantitative research. These changes play an important role in building the perception of environmental problems through the landscape.
Conclusion: Landscape is an integral component that describes the biotic and abiotic elements of a given space. While, as an environmental indicator, it analyzes and evaluates changes in the composition and configuration of the environment, both spatially and temporally.
İŞLETMELERDE BİNEK OTOMOBİLLERİN AMORTİSMAN UYGULAMALARI
Authors: AKPINAR Aynur
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı binek otomobil amortismanı konusunda Vergi Usul Kanunu ve Türkiye Muhasebe Standartları arasındaki benzer ve farklı yönleri ortaya koymaktır. İşletmelerin faaliyetlerinde kullandıkları ve aktifinde kayıtlı olan binek otomobillerinin yıllık amortisman tutarlarının hesaplanmasında, Vergi Usul Kanunu (VUK) ve Türkiye Muhasebe Standartları (TMS) uygulamalarında farklılıklar söz konusudur. Yapılan araştırmada, bu farklılıkların; amortisman matrahı, faydalı ömür ve amortisman yöntemi başlıklarındaki uygulamalardan oluştuğu bulunmuştur. TMS 16 Maddi Duran Varlıklar Standardına göre işletmeler faaliyetlerinde kullandıkları taşıtların faydalı ömürlerini kendileri takdir ederken VUK’ a göre bu süre Maliye Bakanlığınca belirlenerek ilan edilmektedir. 7194 Sayılı Kanun ile binek otomobillerin amortisman matrahlarına ve gider yazılabilecek ÖTV ve KDV tutarlarına kısıtlamalar getirilmiştir. Getirilen bu kısıtlamalar iki uygulama arasında var olan farlılıkların artmasına neden olmuştur.
Повышение эффективности бюджетных расходов на физическую культуру и спорт
Authors: Елена Николаевна Летягина , Иван Александрович Сорокин , Александр Николаевич Кутасин
Published: September 2021

В монографии рассматриваются актуальные теоретико-методические и практические проблемы повышения эффективности бюджетных расходов на физическую культуру и спорт с учетом современных тенденций развития бюджетной системы России. Исследуется механизм государственного финансирования в сфере физической культуры и спорта, анализируются объемы и структура бюджетных расходов. Разработана модель и предложен научный подход к оценке эффективности использования бюджетных средств на физическую культуру и спорт. Особое внимание уделено исследованию механизма государственно-частного партнерства в сфере физической культуры и спорта как одного из путей совершенствования системы государственного финансирования. Монография представляет интерес для научных работников, преподавателей экономических и управленческих дисциплин, специалистов финансово-экономической сферы, органов государственной власти и местного самоуправления, аспирантов и студентов, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки укрупненных групп направлений подготовки 38.00.00 «Экономика и управление» и 49.00.00 «Физическая культура».
Role of Virtual Platform Operators in Transforming Consumer Goods Market
Authors: Paprocki Wojciech
Published: September 2021

Consumer goods market has evolved in recent four decades together with the dissemina- tion of digital technologies and development of e-commerce. Practices based on human intelligence that solidified over ages are nowadays being supplemented in omni-channels with automated operations supported with artificial intelligence. The emergence of actors, who by applying disruptive innovations try to assume the role of operators of virtual plat- forms with dominant position in the global market is of primary importance. The paper discusses various business models in analogue and digital economies and the impact of their dissemination on market changes. It describes the entering of the market and fostering the position of e-commerce leaders, with Amazon.com playing an increasingly prominent role. The Author highlights potential effects of a dominant market position of such an operator.
The Application of Tax on Means of Transport in Local Tax Policy in Poland. Evidence of City Counties
Authors: Felis Paweł , Rosłaniec Henryk
Published: September 2021

Tax on means of transport is one of the own revenues of city counties in Poland. They may affect its construction within the scope defined by the legislator. The authors of the article examined and evaluated the volume, stability and diversification of the significance of revenues achieved by city counties on account of tax on means of transport and discussed the significance of certain factors determining their level. Among these factors the local tax policy deserves a special attention. Therefore, the authors examined the scale of application of instruments of the local tax policy as well as their practical effectiveness reflected by the budget revenue growth in the subsequent periods. The following methods were used: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, classical Pearsons independence test or Spearmans rho correlation test. The article also presents econometric models illustrating the effects of tax policy in relation to particular categories of tax payers of tax on means of transport.
The Role of the Polish Private Equity Sector in the CEE Region
Authors: Grzywacz Jacek , Jagodzińska-Komar Ewa
Published: September 2021

The aim of the article is to analyse the position of the Polish private equity sector as a leading player in the CEE region and to assess the impact of these funds on economic development. It has been pointed out that the fund sector is operating in an increasingly unpredictable environment (which could be seen during the financial crisis) and operates based on demanding regulations and growing risk. The paper presents the role of private equity funds in the CEE region, which by 2004 had seen a noticeably faster growth than in Western Europe, due to the transition to a market economy. The Polish private equity market in the CEE region was further analysed, which as the largest economy in the CEE region is a very attractive place for investors. The conclusions and directions of the role of private equity funds were presented, and it was emphasised that Poland and the whole CEE region are at an early stage of their market development, but their distance to Western Europe decreases from year to year. Currently, the CEE private equity market in the most developed countries offers great opportunities to its investors thanks to high competition, high growth potential and comprehensive solutions.
Deferred Payment, Late Payment, Payment Backlog and How They Are Interconnected (the first of two articles about payment delays)
Authors: Rogowski Waldemar
Published: September 2021

The paper discusses the problem of payment delays in commercial B2B transactions and payment backlogs resulting from them. It also aims at identifying linkages among deferred payments, late payments, and payment backlogs taking account of the scalę of these phe- nomena in Poland, as well as in other countries. Besides, it presents the results of studies on payment delays published in three most important International reports of the following companies: Bisnode D&B, Atradius, Intrum Justitia. The analysis confirmed that a payment delay as such is neutral but it may become negative as a result of the stance taken by an entrepreneur-creditor, who experiences a late payment. Payment delay becomes a negative phenomenon only when the creditor does not approve of such a situation. However, it remains neutral to an entrepreneur who accepts payment delays. Thus, a payment delay is a feature rather than a functional defect of the trade credit market.Since the problem of payment delays and payment backlogs is a pertinent one, it needs to be discussed in specialist literaturę. The paper provides recommendations as to what should be done to reduce the scalę of these negative phenomena.
Implementation of the IMZD Approach (IMZD as the Integrative Maturity Capability Model) in the Performance of a New Product Process
Authors: Bartkowiak Piotr , Rutkowski Ireneusz P.
Published: September 2021

The publication sets out to propose a new research approach – one that could significantly improve the maturity measurement of product innovation processes in businesses. As detailed here, the concept for measuring the maturity of an innovation and new product marketing process reflects a specific research attitude towards new product development. Importantly, too, the concept sees those approaches as guiding and directing the studies into the matrix- and grid-based methods, which are developed using new analytical tools. What is presented here is an overview of methodologies with their relevant techniques and procedural algorithms (methodology in a pragmatic sense).
Creativity and Knowledge Sharing in Teams
Authors: Sołek-Borowska Celina
Published: September 2021

Despite the wealth of studies related to team creativity, there is a general concern that the field still offers fuzzy indications about how team creativity (TC) can be supported within organizations. Creativity is enacted in the individual, within teams and within networks. Team creativity depends on creative individuals, processes, situations, the culture and the interaction of these factors. A growing number of organizations rely heavily on team creativity to enhance their capacity for generating new ideas. To enable knowledge sharing in teams in order to offer creativity within such a team, members must have access to an arena in which to engage in interpersonal dialogues to share their experiences, suggestions and knowledge with one another. Therefore, the objective of the study is firstly to find out what is understood by creativity of the team in terms of a process and outcome and secondly, to place the knowledge sharing process within the field of team creativity. A literature review was used to gather evidence about the key concepts in the fields of management, organization and creativity.
The Impact of Post-Reality on Creative Businesses
Authors: Rzemieniak Magdalena
Published: September 2021

Post-reality is a result of technological changes in the marketing environment. This phenomenon has a great impact on creative enterprises. The objective of the study is to characterise the impact of the newest trends in the marketing environment on creative businesses. The article presents the results of the research on the influence of post-reality on the operating strategies of creative businesses.The study was supplemented with examples in the form of case studies. The study uses secondary sources obtained with the desk research method and proprietary participating observations.
Organizational Routines and Innovation: Micro and Macro Antecedents
Authors: Stańczyk-Hugiet Ewa
Published: September 2021

This paper explores the ambiguous nature of organizational routines in regard to generating innovation or innovation routine. Considering the dual character of routine, we conceptualize that routines have inherently a potential to drive changes, therefore, organizational routines should be considered as a trigger of innovation. In order to exploit organizational routines as a vehicle for innovation, managers should be aware that micro and macro level factors influence the dynamics ofroutines. Hence, to design proper organizational settings managers should learn about the mechanisms activating learning processes as essential for new knowledge generation as well as for novelty generation through organization built on a routine system.
Cooperation for Innovation and Its Influence on Enterprises’ Innovativeness Level
Authors: Sachpazidu-Wójcicka Karina
Published: September 2021

Innovation is one of the key sources in obtaining competitive advantage by enterprises. The abilityto innovate is generally accepted as a critical success factor for competitiveness and firms’ performance.The paper discusses cooperation for innovation and its influence on enterprises’ innovativenesslevel. The main aim of the article is to determine the relationship between cooperation forinnovation and innovativeness of the surveyed companies, which is investigated empirically. Thepaper discusses the channels and level of cooperation taking place in enterprises correspondingto its sources, specific character and determining the significance of the impact of cooperationfor innovation on the actual level of innovativeness. The specific objectives of the article relateto examining what kind of cooperation for innovation occurs in enterprises and whether there isa relationship between the cooperation and innovativeness level of the enterprise. The study is basedon a survey of firms (n = 100) located in Poland. The article first establishes the research framework,then deduces the research hypothesis and finally describes the analysis tools, the sample structureand statistical methods. The analysis has been done with the SPSS software. The statistical methodused in the survey is multiple step regression. The study has determined the positive relationshipbetween cooperation and innovativeness of the surveyed enterprises. The relation between cooperationand innovativeness is positive concerning the channels of vertical cooperation, especiallyin the area of cooperation with suppliers of equipment, materials, components or software. Thesefindings suggest that the measurement of cooperation for innovation and its channels should be developed further in order to make it a more relevant concept for empirical studies of enterprises’innovativeness and competitiveness.
The Origin and Types of Controlling in Project Management
Authors: Bukłaha Emil
Published: September 2021

The aim of the article is to present the views of domestic and foreign authors on the genesis of project controlling and importance of that idea for the success of implemented projects, as well as its evolution in relation to project management and the attempt to classify it from the point of view of accepted analysis criteria. Controlling as a business management tool in Europe gained in importance scarcely in the second half of the twentieth century, although its beginnings fall on the medieval period. Authors of numerous studies in this field point to various sources of controlling and controller concepts, mainly due to the cultural, economic and historical conditions of shaping the role and scope of information use for project management. In the initial period of use, controlling was primarily focused on the objectives of ongoing project management, but nowadays interest in controlling oriented towardsthe needs of strategic (long–term) management is becoming more and more noticeable. Nowadays, the idea of project controlling is recommended for implementation both in large, medium–sized and small business entities as well as public institutions. In relation to project management, it may include comparative activities of planned and actual values in current operations as well as undertaking activities of regulation, management, control or other related to information needs of the senior management and key project stakeholders.
The Labour Market in Warsaw Problematic Areas of Praga: Structural Change, Bottom-Up Activities and Municipal Policies
Authors: Sadowy Katarzyna
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the situation on the labour market in three Warsaw districts, Praga South (Praga Południe), North (Praga Północ) and Targówek, identified as problematic areas and included into the Integrated Revitalization Programme for the years 2014–2022. The data illustrating the structural change in this area presents the period from 2003 to 2015. The chosen years: 2003, 2010 and 2015 comprise the very specific moments in the city’s development – right before the accession to the European Union, the moment of decline after the 2008 crisis, and more recent data, marking the beginning of new programmes and municipal activities regarding the area. The main goal is to present structural change on these local labour markets, within the context of two emerging trends: development of the creative industries and public institution policies towards start-ups and traditional craftsmanship.
New Generation of Bike-Sharing Systems in China: Lessons for European Cities
Authors: Bieliński Tomasz , Ważna Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

Rising mobility of societies and the urban sprawl cause the need to shape passengers’ behaviour accordingly. For urbanised areas, the biggest challenge is to overcome the problem of dominant private cars usage. Bike-sharing systems are considered to be a successful tool for the popularisation of alternative ways of travelling.Recently Chinese companies have developed new solutions to bike-sharing systems that proved to be successful in China and could be implemented in Europe. However, their implementation will be associated with challenges for municipal authorities and companies conducting the business. The aim of the paper is to identify major advantages and challenges resulting from the implementation of the Chinese solutions in Europe or expansion of bike-sharing companies to Europe.The scientific method used in the paper is the case study of the Chinese bike-sharing market with the special focus on market leaders Mobike and Ofo. Despite existing obstacles, it is possible to succeed in introducing the new generation of bike-sharing systems in Europe. As Chinese enterprises have already entered the European market, it is crucial to make policy makers aware of the obstructions.
Structural Analysis of Network Connections of Koleje Małopolskie sp. z o.o. as a Significant Element of the Management of the Transport Company
Authors: Sobczak Paweł
Published: September 2021

Public transport is one of the most important elements of the economy and social space development in which it is located. Issues related to its proper organisation are very often the responsibility of transport companies, which must operate and carry out their activities within the principles of the economy, that is, the principles of managing a service company. An important element of an efficient and effective functioning of a transport company is the quality of the provided services. An element significantly affecting the quality of the services offered is, inter alia, an appropriately organised network of connections offered by the carrier. This network in an efficient and interference-resistant manner must facilitate transport in a given area. In the article, using the graph theory and the simulation method, the structure of network connections of a railway carrier operating in the Małopolska region (Koleje Małopolskie sp. z o.o.) in Poland was analysed. The aim of the analysis was to obtain information about the current condition and parameters of the network offered by the carrier. Theconducted analysis made it possible to assess the current state as well as within the conducted research and it proposed to modify the existing network of connections in order to improve its parameters. The carrier’s network is used, inter alia, to co-create public transport in the region, and the structure of the connections network and its appropriate planning can have a significant impact on the functioning of the company.
Spending reviews as tools in the public sector
Authors: Postuła Marta
Published: September 2021

Worsening performance of public finance reported by a number of countries as a result of the global financial crisis enhanced interest in advanced and innovative methods of fiscal consolidation and stabilisation. Spending reviews are amongst the most comprehensive and advanced methods of this type. In the post-2008 age, spending reviews have been carried out by countries that had used the tool in earlier periods (the Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, the UK or Australia) as well as by those who started using them for the first time (Ireland, Canada and France). Spending reviews are used in countries that are well advanced economically and whose public management systems are sufficiently mature.European Union Member States exhibit diverse interest in applying spending reviews which are not mandatory and have not been formalised in international legislation. The EU legislation contains general recommendations for the application of the rational fiscal policy enshrined first in the Treaty provisions, further developed by in the Stability and Growth Pact and detailed in 2011. The paper analyses the up-to-date experiences in using spending reviews in selected countries and draws conclusions from the process.
Technology and the attractiveness of new business models in the digital economy
Authors: Paprocki Wojciech
Published: September 2021

Dissemination of new digital technologies is linked with the adoption of new solutions that give shape to relationships between those who offer goods and services in the market and their consumers. In past decades, not all new projects have been commercialised successfully, which explains why one needs to examine the reasons behind a success or failure in putting in place new business models involving elements of digital technologies. This paper discusses a comparative analysis of two cases. Rapid growth of the Californian start-up Airbnb, an operator of a virtual platform in the flat-sharing business that, on the one hand, helps people rent out their properties and, on the other hand, helps travellers find short-term lodging is an example of global success. The non-implementation of the Energy Citizen project demonstrates that, despite a number of advantages, the prosumer model in generating and consuming energy from renewable energy sources so far has fallen short of success. Comparative analysis has helped us to conclude that to be commercially successful in the digital economy one needs a virtual platform operator capable of finding a business model attractive to all operators in a selected market segment. Ensuring benefits to consumers as well as to operators whooffer their goods or services in the market is the pre-condition.
Power of an overconfident CEO and dividend payment
Authors: Wrońska-Bukalska Elżbieta
Published: September 2021

The aim of the paper is to identify the relation between managerial overconfidence, managerial power and dividend decisions. We have implemented the survey to detect managerial overconfidence. We collected 145 answers with financial data covering 2010–2015. We employed the managerial share in ownership as a proxy for managerial power.We found that managerial power enhances to reveal the overconfidence in dividend decisions. We also found the pattern of behaviour of an overconfident manager having more power: more frequent dividends are paid out, but if dividend is paid out, the level and ratio of the dividend is lower.
Analysis of the use of public transport in Radom
Authors: Dębowska-Mróz Marzenna , Ferensztajn-Galardos Ewa , Krajewska Renata , Rogowski Andrzej
Published: September 2021

An efficient transport system in cities requires rational separation of transport tasks. Determining the mode of travel and preferences of the choice of means of transport enables shaping commuting behaviours. Research on the mobility of public transport is of particular importance. Filling measurements are the basis of many analyzes, enabling the characteristics of passenger flows in the quantitative and qualitative aspect, performance of transport efficiency assessment of individual lines. The aim of the article is to present the results of a survey conducted among drivers of public transport buses. These tests included information on filling and passenger exchange in the means of transport of individual bus lines in Radom. The results of the surveys carried out in households were also presented, thanks to which the motivation behind source-destination journeys of the inhabitants of Radom with the use of public transport was analyzed.
Business location decision: the behavioural aspect in empirical research
Authors: Sabat Wojciech , Pilewicz Tomasz
Published: September 2021

The behavioural location theory helps to understand business location decisions which are not explained in the perfect rationality paradigm. In this article, we survey empirical research on business location decisions which include the behavioural aspect. We conclude that entrepreneurs appear to be biased towards choosing locations in their place of residence and are reluctant to make complicated location analysis. We also indicate the research gap – a lack of research on the impact of heuristics on location decisions.
Global imbalances from the flow and stock perspective
Authors: Knap Renata
Published: September 2021

The objective of the paper is to identify global payment imbalances from the flow and stock perspective in the years of 2000-2017 as well as to define the causes of differences in the development of global imbalances in both of the analysed aspects. In order to achieve the objective, current account balances and international investment positions that are systemically significant to economies were analysed with the use of descriptive statistics techniques and specific analytical indicators. From the conducted studies it arises that after the outbreak of the global financial crisis, the global flow imbalance declined, whereas the global stock imbalance rose significantly. The demonstrated divergence was caused by insufficient changes in current account balances (flow imbalances) in order to cause a decrease in net international investment positions (stock imbalances) systematically significant to economies and by a weakened impact of the transactions registered in the balance of payment (flows) on the change of an international investment position (stock).
Impact of foreign capital on the insurance market development in the Visegrad Group countries
Authors: Bukowski Sławomir I. , Lament Marzanna
Published: September 2021

Insurance markets are developing under the influence of various factors, which are divided into economic, demographic, social and cultural. The share of foreign insurance companies is treated as one of the structural factors. Research on this subject does not confirm unambiguously the influence of foreign capital on the development of insurance markets. Analysis of dependencies between foreign capital and the development of the insurance market in the Visegrad Group countries are the prime objectives of the research presented in this paper. The following research hypothesis has been advanced: the share of foreign capital is a determinant of the development of insurance markets as measured by the growth in the written premium and measured by the growth in the insurance penetration rate. In search of an answer to the query and in order to verify the research hypothesis, a critical review of the literature is undertaken, contents of factors which influence the development of insurance markets are analysed, and econometric methods are applied. A panel model is constructed and results of the model estimation are analysed to verify the hypothesis. The study has corroborated the research hypothesis. 'Ihis study has covered insurers active in the Visegrad Group insurance markets in 1999-2016 using annual figures. Data of these insurance markets are derived from the OECD.
Rational microeconomic decisions and their non-optimal macroeconomic outcomes: the role for social institutions
Authors: Koronowski Adam
Published: September 2021

The paper analyzes possible policy and institutional responses to underconsumption (deficient consumption spending that leads to depressed economic activity). Underconsumption is an effect of a specific market failure; uncoordinated rational microeconomic decisions to keep labour costs low result in sub-optimal macroeconomic outcomes. Traditionally, any manifestations of demand constraints have been corrected with expansionary fiscal and monetary policies. These methods have ceased to be effective and viable. Alternative measures aimed directly to change income distribu- tion are considered. Such measures (progressive income tax, stronger labour unions) would rather not gain acceptance of entrepreneurs even though in principle they should boost business activity. Non-confrontational solutions are beyond the reach of economic policy but good apprehension of the problem at hand in the democratic debate might lead to a better compromise with respect to social distribution of incomes.
Do large Polish cities substitute their own-source revenues with fees and user charges?
Authors: Będzieszak Marcin
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to assess if large Polish cities use fees and user charges to substitute other own-source revenues. The analysis has been conducted on  a panel of 65 large cities in Poland in the period of 2004-2015. Using OLS and fixed effect panel analysis, it has been proved that cities pursue their policy in order to maximize their revenues, which is in line with the Leviathan theory assuming that public authorities maximize public revenues. Additionally, using the normalization quotient mapping, it has been confirmed that cities do not change their revenue policy in terms of taxes vs. fees and user charges trade-offs.
Financial crises and the perils for the world economy
Authors: Zachariadis Savvas
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we wish to address the issue of financial crises. We focus on the causes and implications for the world economy and financial stability. For this reason, we attempt to identify the relative phenomena that encourage the emergence of financial crises. The amplification of the financial sector at the international level and the high degree of financial integration render the debate of financial crises solemnly significant. The world economy has become unstable and vulnerable to the emer- gence of unanticipated financial events. Such events are not simply limited to a large bank default but also to the inability of a multinational firm or an agent to validate their debts. Thus, we mainly emphasize the insights of Hyman Minsky into the global financial crisis, who suggested that the flaws of the current dominant financial status would eventually entail instability and probably lead to crises with contagion effects at the international level. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to indi- cate that the perils of financial crises for the global economy must be perceptible and considerable ex ante in order to be successfully confronted.
The development of the regional innovation system in Ukraine under decentralization
Authors: Vaskivska Kateryna
Published: September 2021

The main concepts of the term ‘region' have been determined in this paper and the term ‘innovation' has been analyzed. The problem of regional innovation system's place and role in the development of a region and its internal potential in its competitiveness has been emphasized. Moreover, the diag- nostics model of innovation product implementation has been proposed as well as the comparison of innovation indexes, which are identified at the level of an individual country or a group of them. Finally, the Polish experience of the regional innovation system development under decentralization changes in the country has been explored.
Socially responsible project management
Authors: Trocki Michał , Juchniewicz Mateusz , Bukłaha Emil
Published: September 2021

In recent years we have observed the global awareness of threats posed by unrestrained and irresponsible growth gaining ground. Hence, continuous searches for sustainable solutions which enable to put in place measures that promote global, national, and local efficiency seem to make sense.This paper aims to examine and assess the current state of affairs and proposes directions for the development of sustainable and socially responsible project-related activities. It explains how the idea of social responsibility emerged as a natural consequence of the evolution of an organisation with respect to sustainable development. Against the background of these notions we define the place and role of project management in socially responsible development and discuss different views on the subject presented by authors from different countries. Theoretical considerations are supplemented with the discussion of the findings of own surveys focused on the role and relevance of social responsibility in project management in organisations active in this field in Poland. It was an exploratory study, the first of its kind in Poland.
Metodyka pomiaru struktury grupy kapitałowej
Authors: Mierzejewska Wioletta
Published: September 2021

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę struktur grup kapitałowych. Autorka dokonała krytycznego przeglądu literatury dotyczącego wybranych charakterystyk struktur grup kapitałowych oraz wskazała na deficyt badań tego zagadnienia. Artykuł zawiera również autorską metodę identyfikacji struktury grupy kapitałowej, którą wyprowadzono z klasycznych wymiarów strukturalnych. Metoda została przetestowana na dwóch grupach kapitałowych. Okazało się, że opracowane narzędzie pozwala na kompleksowy opis struktury grupy kapitałowej i jednocześnie dobrze różnicuje struktury badanych grup, pozwalając na identyfikację specyficznych cech ich organizacji.
Długookresowa relacja stopy procentowej i tempa wzrostu gospodarczego
Authors: Sternal Bartosz J.
Published: September 2021

W niniejszym artykule autor zajmuje się kwestią dynamicznej nieefektywności, której występowanie było zdaniem T. Piketty’ego kluczowe dla powstania po II wojnie światowej państwa dobrobytu. Dynamiczna efektywność jest analizowana z perspektywy modelu wzrostu z egzo- i endogeniczną stopą procentową. W ramach tej analizy wykazane jest kluczowe znaczenie spełniania bądź nie warunku transwersalności przez decyzje podmiotów co do akumulacji kapitału. Warunek przestaje być spełniany, jeśli podmioty niedostatecznie silnie dyskontują przyszłą konsumpcję. Następnie autor prezentuje możliwe przyczyny niedostatecznego dyskontowania, także pod kątem wyjaśniania historycznych przypadków dynamicznej nieefektywności. Wśród nich jest niezorientowanie się przez podmioty, że tempo wzrostu uległo trwałemu przyspieszeniu, występowanie nawyków konsumpcyjnych oraz oszczędzanie na planowany bądź potencjalny krótkookresowy wzrost konsumpcji ponad długookresowo osiągalny poziom, zwłaszcza przez rządy.
Świadomość zdrowotna jako kluczowy determinant stanu zdrowia społeczeństwa
Authors: Kosycarz Ewa , Walendowicz Krystyna
Published: September 2021

Od lat 70. ubiegłego wieku coraz większą uwagę poświęca się modelowi budowania świadomości zdrowotnej ludzi. Istnieje wiele koncepcji i definicji świadomości zdrowotnej (ang. health literacy) oraz modeli pomiaru wielkości tego pojęcia. Podejmowane są również próby porównywania poziomów świadomości zdrowotnej społeczeństw w różnych krajach. Celem poniższego artykułu jest przybliżenie pojęcia świadomości zdrowotnej pacjenta oraz pokazanie na przykładzie dostępnych autorkom opracowania analiz, jaki jest poziom świadomości zdrowotnej wśród polskiego społeczeństwa oraz jakie instrumenty mogą być wykorzystywane do zwiększania tego poziomu. Jak pokazują wyniki analiz przeprowadzonych na materiale zgromadzonym podczas realizacji programu „Zapobieganie nadwadze i otyłości wśród mieszkańców województwa małopolskiego” oraz badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych w ramach programu „Comparative Report of Health Literacy in Eight EU Member States. The European Health Literacy Survey HLS-EU”, w społeczeństwie polskim systematycznie wzrasta świadomość zdrowotna.
Inteligentne technologie informacyjne w celu poprawy skuteczności wdrażania regulacji w europejskim transporcie drogowym – przykład wykorzystania tachografów nowej generacji
Authors: Bąk Monika , Borkowski Przemysław
Published: September 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena możliwości, jakie dają nowe rozwiązania technologiczne, w szczególności tzw. inteligentne tachografy oraz zintegrowane bazy danych usprawniające przepływ informacji między państwami członkowskimi Unii Europejskiej i wprowadzenie jednolitego systemu kontroli pojazdów drogowych. Nowe technologie mogą ograniczyć liczbę naruszeń przepisów i oszustw w transporcie drogowym oraz ułatwić egzekwowanie przestrzegania przepisów dotyczących warunków socjalnych.W badaniu, do oceny projektów, wykorzystano metodę TELOS, a analiza przeprowadzona została w ujęciu ilościowym i jakościowym. Wykazano, że skala efektów przedsięwzięcia w postaci wdrożenia nowych tachografów i baz danych jest zróżnicowana w zależności od przyjętych konkretnych rozwiązań politycznych i legislacyjnych. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań kosztów oraz korzyści w poszczególnych opcjach i scenariuszach implementacji, a ponadto zbadano wykonalność techniczną, prawną, organizacyjną i terminowość realizacji przedsięwzięcia.
Bezpieczeństwo i ochrona pasażera w transporcie kolejowym w kontekście wyzwań mobilności starzejącego się społeczeństwa europejskiego
Authors: Załoga Elżbieta
Published: September 2021

Różnorodne współczesne wyzwania cywilizacyjne, a zwłaszcza masowe migracje, terroryzm oraz cyberprzestępczość wywołują potrzebę podnoszenia stanu bezpieczeństwa transportu oraz ochrony jego użytkowników. Szczególnej ochrony wymaga publiczny transport zbiorowy i ta część jego użytkowników, którzy są bardziej wrażliwi na wszelkie zakłócenia procesu przemieszczania się, a więc ludzie starsi. Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na problem bezpieczeństwa i ochrony pasażerów kolei w kontekście postępującego procesu starzenia się społeczeństwa europejskiego oraz towarzyszących temu ograniczeń mobilności. Dokonano przeglądu pojęć z zakresu bezpieczeństwa i ochrony pasażera, przedstawiono stan bezpieczeństwa pasażerskich przewozów kolejowych w UE, zmiany w strukturze demograficznej społeczeństwa UE oraz wskazano kierunki zmian regulacji sprzyjające lepszej ochronieosób starszych podczas podróży koleją. Wykorzystano dorobek naukowy, raporty i opracowania statystyczne, a także regulacje Unii Europejskiej w przedmiocie badań. Skoncentrowano się na zjawiskach zachodzących w UE.
Dostępność transportowa Portu Lotniczego Gdańsk
Authors: Tłoczyński Dariusz
Published: September 2021

Celem badań podjętych w artykule jest ocena dostępności transportowej portu lotniczego. W oparciu o przedstawiony cel określono trzy elementy ją kształtujące: airport links, accessibility oraz connectivity. W artykule wykorzystano studium przypadku – Portu Lotniczego Gdańsk. Wybór portu lotniczego jest nieprzypadkowy, gdyż w ostatnim okresie odnotował on dużą dynamikę ruchu, jest położony w północnej części Polski, pełniąc tym samym rolę hubu dla połączeń skandynawskich oraz jest bazą lotniczą dla kilku operatorów. Analizie poddano także możliwości dojazdu do lotniska pasażerów oraz wykorzystania przez nich różnych kombinacji połączeń z wykorzystaniem głównych europejskich portów hubowych.W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono wzrastający udział przewozów kolejowych w obsłudze portu lotniczego. Gdański port lotniczy posiada dużą dostępność do regionów, wskazano trzy najważniejsze kierunki. Natomiast pasażerowie realizujący podróż kontynentalną wybierają przewoźnika, zwracając uwagę na wiele czynników wpływających na usługę przewozową.
Ocena efektywności świadczenia usług medycznych przez jednostki szpitalne z uwzględnieniem formy organizacyjno-prawnej podmiotu
Authors: Łagowski Paweł
Published: September 2021

W artykule dokonano analizy oraz oceny efektywnego funkcjonowania jednostek systemu ochrony zdrowia, zawężając badanie jedynie do podmiotów leczniczych udzielających świadczeń szpitalnych na obszarze Dolnego Śląska w latach 2010–2014. Grupę badawczą stanowiło 48 podmiotów leczniczych. W badaniach empirycznych wykorzystano metodę nieparametryczną DEA, która posłużyła do oceny efektywności funkcjonowania wybranych oddziałów szpitalnych (chirurgii ogólnej oraz chorób wewnętrznych) prowadzonych zarówno przez samodzielne publiczne zakłady opieki zdrowotnej(SPZOZ), jak i spółki kapitałowe. Do badań zostały zakwalifikowane wszystkie podmioty lecznicze z zakontraktowaną umową szpitalną. Ostateczna analiza obejmowała jednak tylko te podmioty, które prowadziły oddziały szpitalne uwzględnione w badaniu. Wyniki badania nie potwierdziły, by SPZOZ były jednostkami mniej efektywnymi od spółek kapitałowych.
Dojrzałość organizacji trzeciego sektora gospodarki narodowej w Polsce w zarządzaniu danymi w procesach podejmowania decyzji zarządczych
Authors: Palonka Joanna
Published: September 2021

Zarządzanie organizacją i podejmowanie decyzji nie jest dziś możliwe bez wysokiej jakości danych i informacji. Istnieje wiele dobrych praktyk i zasad, które umożliwiają pozyskiwanie i wykorzystywanie danych i informacji, jednak nie wszystkie organizacje je wykorzystują. Niniejszy artykuł jest poświęcony organizacjom trzeciego sektora gospodarki narodowej (GN) w Polsce. Celem artykułu jest ocena poziomu dojrzałości organizacji trzeciego sektora w Polsce w zarządzaniu danymi w procesach podejmowania decyzji zarządczych.
Rola Internetu w internacjonalizacji organizacji non-profit
Authors: Mirońska Dominika
Published: September 2021

Celem artykułu jest usystematyzowanie i zaprezentowanie dostępnych narzędzi internetowych, które mogą być wykorzystane przez organizacje pozarządowe w procesie internacjonalizacji, rozumianej w sposób szeroki i obejmujący zarówno perspektywę zasobową, jak i specyficzne dla sektora non-profit ujęcie podażowe. Empiryczna część analizy zawęża grupę badanych podmiotów do organizacji mających status pożytku publicznego (OPP), działających w Polsce. W części tej przestawiono wyniki badania,przeprowadzonego na próbie 200 OPP, mającego na celu oszacowanie odsetka organizacji OPP wykorzystujących strony WWW oraz inne narzędzia internetowe w działaniach międzynarodowych.