bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population Biology of Begomovirus Viruliferous Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and Its Associated Endosymbionts in the Cucurbitaceous Ecosystem of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sivagnanapazham Kathiresan , Karthikeyan Gandhi , Harish Sankarasubramanian , Murugan Marimuthu , Devi Harinarayanan Usha Nandhini
Published: February 2025

The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a polyphagous, phloem sap‐feeding pest of highly economically important crops. This pest infests more than 600 horticultural and agricultural crops. It is thought to be a complex of physically similar cryptic species with variations in their genetic, physiological and biological characteristics. In the present study, the incidence of the cryptic species B. tabaci and the viruliferous nature of whiteflies with begomovirus in cucurbitaceous crops from seven agroclimatic zones of Tamil Nadu were assessed. Based on the available sequence data, we report the occurrence of four major cryptic species of whiteflies recorded in Tamil Nadu. The identified cryptic species of B. tabaci, viz., Asia I, Asia II (5), Asia II (7) and Asia II (8) were observed in all 22 locations in Tamil Nadu. The predominant occurrence of B. tabaci Asia I was recorded in three agroclimatic zones, viz., the western, north western and high‐rainfall zones of Tamil Nadu. Asia II (5) was detected in all six agroclimatic zones, while Asia II (8) was detected in the western, north western and southern zones of Tamil Nadu. Asia II (7) was the only cryptic species recorded in the western zone of Tamil Nadu. Studies on endosymbiont associations with these whiteflies revealed the presence of Portiera (PP593660), Fritchea (PP600138), Cardinium (PP600148), Hamiltonella (PP593664), Wolbachia (PP593662) and Rickettsia (PP590220) in the reported cryptic species of B. tabaci. Hap_2, hap_14, hap_35, hap_42, hap_79 and hap_80 were the haplotypes of B. tabaci on cucurbitaceous crops in Tamil Nadu. Asia II (5) exhibited the highest haplotype diversity, and Asia I showed a high level of nucleotide diversity. These results will be useful for understanding outbreaks of B. tabaci and developing efficient management strategies for viruses that are transmitted by B. tabaci.
Invasive and Native Non‐Crop Plants Support Aphidophagous Insects in Chilli Pepper Agroecosystems
Authors: Melo‐Cerón Clara‐Inés , Martínez‐Falcón Ana Paola , Quijano Joel , Duque‐Gamboa Diana N. , Toro‐Perea Nelson , Manzano Maria R.
Published: February 2025

Understanding the complex interactions between aphids, their natural enemies and surrounding plants is crucial to effectively manage pest aphids in Capsicum crops. While it is known that aphidophagous communities can be found both within and around Capsicum crops, which specific plant species support these beneficial insects remains largely unknown. This study aimed to identify key plant species that could be conserved to promote natural pest control. We sampled and identified pest and non‐pest aphids, as well as aphidophagous insects, for over 3 years in 30 Capsicum crops and surrounding non‐crop vegetation in Colombian chilli pepper agroecosystems. By combining field observations with molecular techniques, we determined plant‐insect associations and the trophic structure of the community. We found that the presence of crop flowers and fruits led to nestedness in plant‐insect interaction networks, while flowering crops alone resulted in modularity in the plant‐aphid network. A core group of plant and insect species, including Capsicum, the invasive weed Sorghum halepense, the native plants Parthenium hysterophorus and maize (Zea mays), and various aphid and generalist aphidophagous species, formed the most significant interactions within the network. These findings suggest that a diverse plant community, including both native and invasive species, can enhance aphidophagous insect populations and provide a foundation for sustainable pest management strategies in chilli pepper agroecosystems.
Skin development in the gray short‐tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)—From skin respiration to thermoregulation
Authors: Ferner Kirsten
Published: February 2025

Marsupials are born at an early stage of development, and compared to eutherians, skin development is slow, and a functional change during skin ontogenesis occurs. The skin development in 36 gray short‐tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica) has been examined using histological, morphometric, and μCT methods during postnatal development from neonate to adult. The aim of the study is to follow the structural and functional transition of the skin in this immature marsupial species. Additionally, the postnatal development of the external appearance and the cardiac and respiratory systems is looked at to assess skin development in relation to the general development. The skin of the newborn gray short‐tailed opossum is thin and undifferentiated (no hair follicles, no sebaceous and sweat glands). Numerous subepidermal capillaries allow for gaseous exchange via the skin. A dense cutaneous capillary net with a high capillary volume density (0.25 ± 0.04) is present at term, indicating significant cutaneous gas exchange in the neonate. The capillary volume density decreases markedly during the first postnatal week (0.08 ± 0.01). In the same time period, the skin diffusion barrier increases from 27 ± 4 to 87 ± 1 μm. From this age on, the skin development is characterized by thickening of the different cutaneous layers and beginning formation of hair follicles. First, hair covering the skin, sweat glands, and subcutaneous fat are observed by day 28, indicating the onset of thermoregulation. The total skin thickness in the gray short‐tailed opossum increases from 58 μm at birth to 726 μm by day 35, when the pelage is fully developed. The cardiac and respiratory systems are immature at birth. A fenestrated interatrial septum is present for the first 4 days, allowing skin respiration. Between day 4 and day 7, the lung enters the saccular stage of lung development and is mature enough to meet the respiratory needs of the growing organism. During a long period of postnatal development, the structural differentiation of the skin results in a functional shift from transcutaneous gas exchange to thermoregulation in later life.
Perceptions of procedural fairness and space for personal narrative: an experimental study of form design
Authors: MEERS JED , RYAN AISLING , TOMLINSON JOE
Published: February 2025

Application forms – the most mundane of documents – are often the compulsory interface between an individual and the state. From social security and immigration, to health and social care, application forms are ubiquitous across almost all areas of government bureaucracy. However, socio‐legal research on administrative justice tends to examine these forms from the perspective of front‐line decision makers, instead of form fillers. Drawing on a survey experiment with 655 recipients of Universal Credit (a means‐tested social security benefit) in the United Kingdom, we demonstrate how the inclusion of space for personal narrative in a local welfare application form – the ability to set out one's circumstances in full – significantly increases perceptions of procedural fairness. Our findings demonstrate how seemingly small changes to form design can have a considerable impact on the perceived fairness of an application process and the importance of grounding administrative justice research in the experiences of people who regularly interact with the administrative processes of the state.
The Automated Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Screening in Patients With Leadless Pacemakers
Authors: Dyrbuś Maciej , Machowicz Joanna , Kurek Anna , Gąsior Mariusz , Tajstra Mateusz
Published: February 2025

Background

The number of leadless pacemakers (LPMs) implantations has seen a major growth in recent years. Indications for LPMs often overlap with indications for subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (sICDs), as they are mostly recommended in patients in whom transvenous devices are deemed ineligible or contraindicated. Before sICD implantation, the patient should pass screening to verify the stability of QRS morphology in intrinsic and paced rhythms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the percentage of positive sICD screening in patients with a previously implanted LPM and evaluate the concordance between the vectors during the intrinsic and paced rhythm.

Methods

Twenty‐two patients who underwent implantation of the ventricular LPM from May to October 2024 were included in the present study. After the implantation, automated sICD screening was performed using the dedicated system, across 2–4 body positions, both during intrinsic and paced rhythms, in nominal, and emergency output.

Results

All patients had the devices implanted in the interventricular septal location. Screening for QRS indicated that 94.1% of patients fulfilled the criterion for implantation of sICD in at least one vector during intrinsic rhythm, while only 23.8% and 28.5% passed screening during nominal and emergency pacing outputs, respectively. Positive screening concordance in at least one vector was observed in 23.5% of patients.

Conclusions

Despite almost all patients having undergone successful screening during intrinsic rhythm, the low rates of positive QRS assessment were observed during pacing, what might raise potential concerns for an optimal coexistence of LPM and sICD in daily clinical practice.
Identifying Risk Factors for Graft Failure due to Chronic Rejection < 15 Years Post‐Transplant in Pediatric Kidney Transplants Using Random Forest Machine‐Learning Techniques
Authors: Suh Hyewon
Published: February 2025

Background

Chronic rejection forms the leading cause of late graft loss in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Despite improvement in short‐term graft outcomes, chronic rejection impedes comparable progress in long‐term graft outcomes.

Methods

Data from the national Standard Transplant Analysis and Research (STAR) quarterly file from 1987 to 2023, provided by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN), and machine‐learning techniques were leveraged to determine novel risk factors for graft failure due to chronic rejection in pediatric kidney transplants. A predictive model was developed in conjunction, based on the performances of six classification models, including logistic regression, k‐Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Artificial Neural Network, and Random Forest.

Results

The 19 pre‐transplant and at‐transplant factors identified include those substantiated in literature, such as living donor type, cold ischemic time, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching, recipient age, and recipient race. Other factors include one‐haplotype matched transplants, recipient age being < 5 years, and the proximities of the most and least recent serum crossmatch tests to transplantation. The latter may correlate with recipient sensitization and socioeconomic disparities, but further research must be done to validate this hypothesis. The Random Forest model was selected based on its performance metrics (AUC 0.81).

Conclusions

This case–control study identifies key factors for chronic rejection‐caused graft failure 15 years post‐transplant in pediatric kidney transplants and develops a Random Forest predictive model based on these factors. Continued investigation is needed to better understand the variables contributing to pediatric chronic kidney rejection.
Restoring mangrove biodiversity: can restored mangroves support fish assemblages comparable to natural mangroves over time?
Authors: Ram Mark , Sheaves Marcus , Waltham Nathan J.
Published: February 2025

Despite the recent global increase in mangrove restoration efforts, our understanding of the outcomes and recovery of biodiversity and re‐establishing functionality, such as productive fish habitat, is limited due to the lack of long‐term monitoring. Here, we used a space‐for‐time approach to investigate whether restored mangroves attain similar fish communities to natural mangroves of the same age (5–11 years old). Fish in restored and natural mangrove forests along the Guyana coastline, South America, were sampled using trammel nets to collect data and compare the abundance, species richness, and biomass. This study found no notable differences in fish assemblages between restored and natural mangroves of the same ages. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), and similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) revealed a high overlap in fish species composition between the restored and natural mangrove habitats, age, seasons, and diel cycle. There was no clear trajectory between fish abundance, species richness, biomass, and the age of the restored and natural mangrove habitats, which indciates that fish quickly colonized the restored mangrove habitats. Our study provides evidence of the success of mangrove restoration projects in yielding positive ecological benefits as fish habitat. This information is useful for restoration practitioners when setting goals and timelines for fish habitat recovery after mangrove restoration.
The complex I subunit B22 contains a LYR domain that is crucial for an interaction with the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein SDAP1
Authors: Saha Saurabh , Parlar Simge , Meyer Etienne H. , Murcha Monika W.
Published: February 2025

Mitochondrial complex I (CI), a large multi‐subunit respiratory complex contains two LYR (leucine/tyrosine/arginine) domain‐containing subunits, B14 (NDUA6/LYRM6) and B22 (NDUB9/LYRM3). Mitochondrial LYR (LYRM) proteins are soluble matrix‐located proteins that have been implicated in diverse functions such as iron–sulphur cluster insertion, OXPHOS complex assembly, and mitoribosome biogenesis. B14 and B22 are unique to other LYRM proteins in that they are integral components of CI. To explore the function of B22, we examined T‐DNA insertional knockout and knockdown lines, which displayed a mild growth defect linked to reduced CI activity and abundance. Notably, this defect could not be rescued by complementation with a B22 variant that contained a mutated LYR domain, indicating the domain's critical role in B22's function. Protein interaction assays further revealed that the LYR domain is crucial for B22's interaction with the neighbouring CI subunit, mitochondrial acyl carrier protein SDAP1. Similarly, T‐DNA insertional knockdown lines of SDAP1 showed a comparable CI defect, suggesting that the interaction between B22 and SDAP1, mediated by the LYR domain, is important for the function and assembly of CI.
SlASR3 mediates crosstalk between auxin and jasmonic acid signaling to regulate trichome formation in tomato
Authors: Zheng Xianzhe , Jian Yongfei , Long Qian , Luo Yingqing , Xu Xin , Zhang Qiongdan , Cheng Yulin , Huang Baowen , Qiu Dan , Li Zhengguo , Zheng Jirong , Zhang Weiqing , Deng Wei
Published: February 2025

Trichomes play a pivotal role in plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Both auxin and jasmonic acid (JA) could induce tomato type II, V, and VI trichome formation. However, the existence of crosstalk between auxin and JA in trichome formation is not yet fully elucidated. In this study, we identified a Trihelix/MYB‐like gene, SlASR3, is inhibited by both auxin and JA and is expressed in type II and VI trichomes in tomatoes. Knock‐down or knockout of SlASR3 increased the densities of type II and VI trichomes, whereas overexpression of SlASR3 reduced the densities of type II and VI trichomes. SlASR3 was involved in the indole acetic acid (IAA)‐ and JA‐induced formation of these trichome types. SlARF4 negatively regulated the transcription of SlASR3, and its effect on IAA‐induced trichome formation depended on SlASR3. Likewise, SlMYC1 negatively regulated the transcription of SlASR3, and the regulation of SlMYC1 on JA‐induced trichome formation was also SlASR3‐dependent. Knock‐down or knockout of SlASR3 increased the resistance to two‐spotted spider mites in tomatoes. The research findings demonstrate that SlASR3 acts as a mediator in the crosstalk between JA and auxin signaling to regulate trichome formation and provide a new candidate gene for enhancing resistance to two‐spotted spider mites.
Nucleation studies of high-κ aluminum oxide and hafnium oxide thin films on silicon carbide by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition
Authors: Galizia B. , Schilirò E. , Fiorenza P. , Peters S. , Zessin J. , Roccaforte F. , Lo Nigro R.
Published: February 2025

Nucleation phenomena occurring on hexagonal silicon carbide (4H-SiC) surface during the early stages of plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) of high-κ aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and hafnium oxide (HfO2) were systematically studied. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and conductive AFM analyses revealed the evolution of the film morphology and the uniformity of the insulating behavior upon increasing the number of PE-ALD cycles. In particular, a nonuniform insulating behavior was observed after the early nucleation stages. The use of in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) to determine the dielectric thickness during the deposition on 4H-SiC was demonstrated, and results were correlated to the observed evolution of the dielectric behavior during deposition. Moreover, a comparison has been carried out with analogous in situ SE analyses of identical PE-ALD processes on silicon substrates, and optical model fitting was elaborated to evaluate the nucleation delay on the SiC surface with respect to silicon substrates due to different chemical features of the two surfaces. This study provides a valuable method to future optimization of high-κ growth on 4H-SiC.
Atomic layer deposition of aluminum phosphate layers using tris(dimethylamino)phosphine as P-precursor
Authors: Blomme Ruben , Chalishazar Aditya , Henderick Lowie , Munnik Frans , Meersschaut Johan , Minjauw Matthias M. , Detavernier Christophe , Dendooven Jolien
Published: February 2025

Metal phosphates are gaining attention as versatile functional materials with a wide range of applications. Depositing these materials as thin conformal layers with atomic layer deposition requires a phosphorous precursor. Here, the use of tris(dimethylamino)phosphine (TDMAP) is explored by reporting the characterization of an aluminum phosphate process using TDMAP, the well-known aluminum precursor trimethylaluminum (TMA), and O2-plasma as precursors. Films grown with a four-step process (TDMAP–O2-plasma–TMA–O2-plasma) at 300 °C have a stoichiometry of Al1P0.51O2.9 and are amorphous, but do contain [PO4]3− units. Comparing the four-step process with three-step processes omitting one of the two O2-plasma steps provides insights into the reactivity of precursors. TMA is able to react with a TDMAP terminated surface but not vice versa. TDMAP has low inherent reactivity and requires the use of a coreactant to remove the ligands of the adsorbed TMA molecules and render the surface reactive for TDMAP adsorption. By implementing a supercycle approach using the (TDMAP–O2-plasma) sequence and the (TMA–O2-plasma) sequence as subcycles, more phosphorous rich films can be obtained. The phosphorous content of the deposited aluminum phosphate is shown to have a significant effect on its performance as a battery coating material.
Sn-doping concentration dependence of electrical, optical, and magnetic properties in epitaxial Mn-doped indium tin oxide films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Kitagawa Saiki , Nakamura Toshihiro
Published: February 2025

The effects of Sn doping on the structural, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of epitaxial Mn-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) films were systematically investigated. We deposited epitaxial Mn-doped ITO films with various Sn concentrations using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The lightly Sn-doped films exhibited the high degree of the crystalline alignment, whereas the heavy Sn doping led to the fluctuations in the crystalline alignment. The carrier concentration and optical bandgap increased with increasing Sn concentration up to about 10 at. % and then decreases at higher Sn concentrations. Room-temperature ferromagnetism was observed across all the films. Furthermore, the magnetization exhibited a strong correlation with the carrier concentration, suggesting that the ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ITO films is likely due to delocalized carrier-mediated interactions. The relatively small magnetization observed in these films may be attributed to ferromagnetic coupling between a limited number of Mn ions present in the films.
Suppressing oxygen vacancy formation in ZrO2 to improve electrical properties by employing MoO2 bottom electrode
Authors: Yun Jaehyeon , Kim Seungyeon , Hwang Chaeyeong , Jeon Woojin
Published: February 2025

The scaling of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) has driven extensive research not only on insulators and but also on electrodes in capacitor structures. Due to the physical dimensional constraints of these structures, such as their physical thickness, new properties on the electrode are required to improve interface characteristics, including reactivity of the electrode with the insulator and crystallinity coherency, in addition to conventional properties like work function. Traditional electrodes like TiN have suffered to increase leakage currents due to oxygen scavenging effects and a lower work function, which become more severe as DRAM scales down. In this study, we investigate the use of MoO2 as an alternative electrode material in ZrO2-based metal-insulator-metal capacitors. MoO2, with its high work function of 5.5 eV, exhibits excellent crystallinity compatibility with tetragonal-phase ZrO2 and a low oxidation potential, which collectively lead to enhanced capacitance and significantly reduced leakage current. The MoO2 electrode suppresses the formation of oxygen vacancies at the interface, as confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nonlinearity capacitance measurements, resulting in improved device reliability. Our findings suggest that MoO2 is a promising electrode material for next-generation DRAM capacitors, offering a balance between high capacitance and low leakage current.
Complex of intratumoral mycobiome and bacteriome predicts the recurrence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mao Xinhui , Huang Huiying , Zhao Limin , Li Feiran , Wang Zhenwei , Yuan Xiaohui , Lau Hui-Ching , Hsueh Chi-Yao , Zhang Ming
Published: February 2025

Dysbiosis of intratumoral fungal and bacterial communities is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. However, the mycobiome characteristics in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its correlation with recurrence have not yet been investigated. The mycobiome in 80 LSCC samples was characterized using internal transcribed spacer sequencing, encompassing both tumor tissues and their matched para-cancerous tissues. The intratumoral bacteriome was further identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. These two microbial communities were analyzed using bioinformatics and statistical methods to determine its potential correlation with LSCC recurrence. The fungal alpha diversity in tumors was higher compared with that in para-cancerous tissues (
P
< 0.001). A significant difference in the overall fungal community patterns between tumor tissues and para-cancerous tissues was observed based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (
P
< 0.001). The presence of
Alloprevotella
,
Porphyromonas
,
Candida
, and
Fusarium
in tumors exhibited a correlation with alcohol consumption. The relative abundance of
Penicillium
,
Exophiala
, and
Aspergillus
in the mycobiome, as well as that of
Alloprevotella
,
Porphyromonas
, and
Peptostreptococcus
in the bacteriome significantly increased the risk of LSCC recurrence (
P
< 0.05). These six microorganisms can combine to form a
microbial complex
, which may independently contribute to recurrence risk in patients with LSCC when enriched within the tumor (hazard ratio = 6.844,
P
< 0.01). Intratumoral fungi and bacteria can be valuable indicators for assessing recurrence in patients with LSCC, indicating their potential as valuable targets for therapeutic intervention.

IMPORTANCE

Our results revealed that dysbiosis of intratumoral microbiota, including increased fungal community diversity and overgrowth of several fungal or bacterial organisms, is substantially linked to the recurrence of LSCC. Drinking habits might alter the laryngeal microbiota to influence the recurrence of LSCC. We also explored a method to potentially predict the recurrence of LSCC from a novel perspective. These findings could offer insights into the etiology of LSCC and pave way to prevent and treat LSCC.
A synopsis of Raspailia Nardo, 1833 (Porifera: Demospongiae: Axinellida) from the tropical and warm-temperate Southwestern Atlantic, with the description of four new species
Authors: Recinos Radharanne , Cavalcanti Thaynã , Hajdu Eduardo , Pinheiro Ulisses
Published: February 2025

The tropical and warm-temperate Southwestern Atlantic, off the coastline of Brazil, has received substantial biodiversity inventory in the last decades. Sponges are a prominent part in this effort, which has led to the exploration of undersampled areas and taxonomic revisions. Raspailia comprises 79 species worldwide, 25 of which from the Atlantic, and up to now, only four from the tropical and warm-temperate Southwestern Atlantic. To conduct a much-needed systematic revision, we analyze materials collected from several localities spanning this vast area. Here, we describe four new species: R. ( Raspaxilla) bonsai  sp. nov., R. ( Raspaxilla) konika  sp. nov., R. ( Raspaxilla) estilingue  sp. nov., and Raspailia ( Raspaxilla) leblanci  sp. nov. Besides the new species, we redescribed R. ( Raspaxilla) tenuis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 based on revision of the holotype, described new records of R. ( Raspaxilla) muricyana Moraes, 2011 from the NE Brazilian coast, previously known only from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, and described new specimens of R. ( Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae Lerner et al. 2006. Seven species of Raspailia are now known in this large sector of the Atlantic, almost double what was known before. An identification key for these species is proposed.
FLog: Automated Modeling of Link Quality for LoRa Networks in Orchards
Authors: Yang Kang , Chen Yuning , Du Wan
Published: February 2025

LoRa networks have been deployed in many orchards for environmental monitoring and crop management. An accurate propagation model is essential for efficiently deploying a LoRa network in orchards,
e.g.
, determining gateway coverage and sensor placement. Although some propagation models have been studied for LoRa networks, they are not suitable for orchard environments, because they do not consider the shadowing effect on wireless propagation caused by the ground and tree canopies. This paper presents
FLog
, a propagation model for LoRa signals in orchard environments.
FLog
leverages a unique feature of orchards,
i.e.
, all trees have similar shapes and are planted regularly in space. We develop a 3D model of orchards. Once we have the location of a sensor and a gateway, we know the media that the wireless signal traverses. Based on this knowledge, we generate the First Fresnel Zone (FFZ) between the sender and the receiver. The intrinsic path loss exponents (PLE) of all media can be combined into a classic Log-Normal Shadowing model in the FFZ. Extensive experiments in almond orchards show that
FLog
reduces the link quality estimation error by 42.7% and improves gateway coverage estimation accuracy by 70.3%, compared with a widely used propagation model. The source codes and dataset are released at https://github.com/ycucm/Flog.
Foundation Model Engineering: Engineering Foundation Models Just as Engineering Software
Authors: Ran Dezhi , Wu Mengzhou , Yang Wei , Xie Tao
Published: February 2025

By treating data and models as source code, Foundation Models (FMs) become a new type of software. Mirroring the concept of software crisis, the increasing complexity of FMs makes FM crisis a tangible concern in the coming decade, appealing for new theories and methodologies from the field of software engineering. In this article, we outline our vision of introducing FM engineering, a strategic response to the anticipated FM crisis with principled engineering methodologies. FM engineering aims to mitigate potential issues in FM development and application through the introduction of declarative, automated, and unified programming interfaces for both data and model management, reducing the complexities involved in working with FMs by providing a more structured and intuitive process for developers. Through the establishment of FM engineering, we aim to provide a robust, automated, and extensible framework that addresses the imminent challenges, and discover new research opportunities for the software engineering field.
Hypergraph-Enhanced Multi-Granularity Stochastic Weight Completion in Sparse Road Networks
Authors: Han Xiaolin , Zhang Yikun , Ma Chenhao , Shang Xuequn , Cheng Reynold , Grubenmann Tobias , Li Xiaodong
Published: February 2025

Road network applications, such as navigation, incident detection, and Point-of-Interest (POI) recommendation, make extensive use of network edge weights (e.g., traveling times). Some of these weights can be missing, especially in a road network where traffic data may not be available for every road. In this paper, we study the
stochastic weight completion
(SWC) problem, which computes the weight distributions of missing road edges. This is difficult, due to the intricate temporal and spatial correlations among neighboring edges. Besides, the road network can be
sparse
, i.e., there is a lack of traveling information in a large portion of the network.

To tackle these challenges, we propose a multi-granularity framework for
Reg
ion-wise
G
raph
C
ompletion (RegGC).

To learn coarse spatial correlations among distantly located roads, we construct a region-wise hypergraph neural architecture based on semantic region dependencies. For finer spatial correlations, we incorporate contextual road network properties (e.g., speed limits, lane counts, and road types).
Moreover, it incorporates
recent
and periodic dimensions of road traffic.
We evaluate RegGC against ten existing methods on three real road network datasets. They show that RegGC is more effective and efficient than state-of-the-art solutions.
MemATr: An Efficient and Lightweight Memory-augmented Transformer for Video Anomaly Detection
Authors: Chang Jingjing , Zhen Peining , Yan Xiaotao , Yang Yixin , Gao Ziyang , Chen Haibao
Published: February 2025

Anomaly detection in videos is a long-standing and challenging problem. Previous methods often adopt deep and large neural networks to achieve the best detection accuracy; however, the high computational costs prevent them from being used in real-world applications with constrained computational resources. In this paper, we develop a
mem
ory-
a
ugmented
tr
ansformer named MemATr, which is capable of detecting video anomalies effectively. The proposed network is lightweight and can be easily deployed on mobile devices. Furthermore, we propose a memory transformer module to make predictions that are closer to normal inputs, thereby leading to a higher error for abnormal input patterns. Memory-attention is the main component of the proposed memory transformer, which can retrieve the features from learnable values rather than from the backbone like previous methods. Extensive experiments on the UCSD Ped2, CUHK Avenue, and ShanghaiTech benchmarks can demonstrate that our model has a significantly smaller model size while still achieving competitive detection accuracy. Our model has only 1/12 the number of parameters of the baseline model. Besides, our model achieves a 4.6% increase in accuracy on the ShanghaiTech dataset and has roughly the same accuracy compared with the baseline on the other two datasets. We validate the performance of the proposed model on the mobile device and the result shows it only has 49.8ms latency. The effectiveness of the proposed method on mobile devices is further supported by experimental results. A new quantitative parameter AMD (Applicability for Mobile Devices) is proposed to offer a novel approach to assist in making trade-offs for mobile devices. The proposed model obtains state-of-the-art results in terms of AMD.
The influence of extracellular vesicles on tumor evolution and resistance to therapy
Authors: Bastón Enrique , García-Agulló Juan , Peinado Héctor
Published: February 2025

Disruption of cellular communication that regulates normal physiology is often key factor in the development of disease, including cancer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of cell-cell communication, modulating local and distant microenvironments and playing an important role influencing tumor progression at both early and late stages. Indeed, EV-mediated communication participate in the initial steps of primary tumor transformation and proliferation, as well as the preparation of the pre-metastatic niche and subsequent metastasis. In this context, the presence of DNA in EVs (EV-DNA) is particularly intriguing, with important biological implications and significant potential as a biomarker in liquid biopsies. In this review we will discuss the mechanisms involved in EV-shed DNA and the potential impact in tumor evolution. In addition, it has become apparent in recent years that the secretion of EVs also influences the behavior of the surrounding microenvironment. An important unresolved challenge in oncology is the resistance of tumors to treatment, one of the primary causes of high cancer mortality. The role of EVs in therapy resistance has garnered considerable interest. In the later part of this review, we will also examine the potential involvement of EVs in resistance to therapy.
Complex Dynamics and Chaos Control of Discrete Prey–Predator Model With Caputo Fractional Derivative
Authors: Ara Rowshon , S. M. Sohel Rana
Published: February 2025

This work examines a discrete prey–predator model using the fractional derivative. The conditions for the existence and stability of the fixed points in the model are identified. The analysis is centered on exploring various bifurcations at the positive fixed point to understand their ecological implications. Using bifurcation theory, bifurcations related to period doubling, Neimark–Sacker, and strong resonances are studied. Lastly, the analytical results are confirmed through numerical simulations using the MATLAB package MatContM, and a controller is applied to relieve the extreme instability within the system.
Dynamical Analysis of a Delay Two‐Prey–One‐Predator Model Incorporating Fear Effect in the Growth Rate of Preys
Authors: Mohammed Hersh Aziz , Mustafa Arkan Nawzad
Published: February 2025

In an ecological point of view, fears from predator cause physiological changes of prey population and these physiological changes may reduce the reproduction of prey. This paper deals with studying the effect of fear that is incorporated in the growth rate of prey on the dynamics of a delay ecological model consisting of two logistically growing prey species, namely, preyXand preyY, and a predator species. The predators take energy and biomass on predating on prey X as well as prey Y with extended Holling Type II functional response. We conduct a thorough analytical examination of the system, demonstrating the positivity and boundedness of the solutions. Criteria for the persistence of the model are founded. Seven biologically possible steady states are determined, and the local dynamics around the steady states based on the parameters are also investigated. Next, we investigated the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation around the prey X– and Y–free steady state, by taking the value of the time delay as a bifurcation parameter. Finally, we perform extensive numerical simulations to support the evidence of our analytical results and reveal the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation within the proposed model.
A review of the genera Atracodes Melichar and Pseudoflatoides Metcalf (Hemiptera: Flatidae: Flatoidinae) from the Caribbean region
Authors: LEVIA NATHANIEL N. , BARTLETT CHARLES R.
Published: February 2025

The genera Atracodes Melichar, and Pseudoflatoides Metcalf, are small Antillean genera in the flatid subfamily Flatoidinae. We found Pseudoflatoides to be a junior subjective synonym of Atracodes resulting in the transfer of four species (and seven subspecies). We revise the status of two subspecies of Atracodes fasciculosus comb. nov. to species level (as Atracodes fasciatus comb. nov. & stat. nov. and Atracodes vittatus comb. nov. & stat. nov.) based on characteristics of the male terminalia. Atracodes corrugatus Melichar (from Madagascar) is transferred to Lichenopsis Schmidt as Lichenopsis corrugata (Melichar), comb. nov. The resulting composition of Atracodes is 10 species, and four subspecies. We also compile available information on the two genera, provide a key to the American genera of Flatoidinae, along with a key to species of Atracodes, and suggest future work on the subfamily.
A new species group of Trisinus Raffray (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae), with description of two new species from the Tianmu Mountains, China
Authors: DING MEI-LIN , NIU XIAO-LING , YIN ZI-WEI
Published: February 2025

Two closely related species of the genus Trisinus Raffray that exhibit exaggerated cephalic excavations are described: T. cavernosus Ding, Niu & Yin, sp. nov. from Tianmushan National Nature Reserve and T. qingliangmontis Ding, Niu & Yin, sp. nov. from Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve. Detailed illustrations of the habitus and important diagnostic features are presented for both species to facilitate reliable identification. Based on the shared male characteristics, a new species group within Trisinus is termed and defined.
The Role of Momentum Transfer in Tropical Cyclogenesis: Insights from a Single-Column Model
Authors: Fu Hao , Davis Christopher A.
Published: February 2025

A step not fully understood in tropical cyclogenesis is the development of a surface cyclone, which is often preceded by a midlevel cyclone. This paper presents a single-column model to study the role of the transfer of tangential momentum in generating an initial surface cyclone. To isolate momentum transfer factors from thermodynamic factors, diabatic heating is set to be steady. The investigation starts without considering surface friction. The momentum transfer is decomposed into the transport by the vortex-scale circulation and by convection. The convective momentum transport (cumulus friction), when parameterized as a vertical eddy diffusion, leads to a vertical spectral truncation that permits an analytical solution of the single-column model. The analytical solution reveals the dual role of cumulus friction in surface cyclone formation. Cumulus friction can enhance the downward momentum transfer, but when the eddy diffusion is too strong, the vortex-scale circulation is too damped to produce a significant barotropic cyclone. Between these two extremes lies an optimal eddy diffusivity that maximizes the growth rate of the surface cyclone. Finally, we add surface friction to the single-column model. Using scale analysis, we identify a critical vortex Rossby number above which surface friction becomes non-negligible and significantly damps the development of the surface cyclone.
Diapycnal upwelling driven by tidally-induced mixing over steep topography
Authors: Ruan Xiaozhou , Si Yidongfang , Ferrari Raffaele
Published: February 2025

Diapycnal upwelling along sloping topography has been shown to be an important component of the abyssal overturning circulation. Theoretical studies of mixing-driven upwelling have mostly relied on a time-averaged description of mixing acting on a mean stratification which ignores the intermittency of mixing. Typically these studies prescribed a time-invariant turbulent diffusivity profile motivated by scenarios where tidal currents encounter gentle topography with small-scale corrugations, leading to subsequent propagation and breaking of internal waves. Here a different scenario is considered where a tidal current interacts with smooth but steep topography, a case often encountered near continental margins and troughs. The performed non-hydrostatic simulations resolve both the strong oscillatory shear that develops along the steep critical topography and the associated mixing events. Strong diapycnal mixing is observed during the upslope phase of the tidal flow when both the near boundary stratification and shear are enhanced. During the downslope phase, strong overturning events do develop, but they are associated with weak stratification and less efficient diapycnal mixing. These results highlight that the temporal evolution of both shear and stratification play a key role in setting when diapcynal mixing and water mass transformation occur along steep topography. In contrast, over gentle topography, tidal shears do not become sufficiently large to generate strong local mixing for typical oceanographic parameters.
A Volatile American-Driven Relationship: The Republic of Vietnam and the Philippines During the Vietnam War (1964–1973)
Authors: Ha Huy Trieu
Published: February 2025

This article examines the diplomatic relations between the Republic of Vietnam and the Philippines throughout the Vietnam War, which took place from 1965 to 1973. It uses untapped source materials from the Vietnam National Archives Centre 2, in conjunction with secondary sources, to chronologically narrate and analyse the events of this relationship. The article posits that Saigon attempted to secure the assistance of friends, such as the Philippines, but Manila was unsuccessful in adequately establishing and sustaining its relationship with South Vietnam. There are two significant historical phases of this connection, organized in chronological order. During the first period, from 1964 to 1968, the Republic of Vietnam actively utilized Manila's support through Philippine Civic Action Group and Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. This involved accepting non-combatant Filipino personnel in South Vietnam. During the second phase (1969–1973), Saigon viewed Manila's response with suspicion as Marcos established ties with communist-led states and withdrew itself from the Vietnam conflict. Saigon attempted to strengthen the relationship by acknowledging the military withdrawal of the Filipino armed forces and requesting Manila's recognition of the legitimacy of the Republic of Vietnam. Saigon also sought Manila's support in attaining full membership in Association of Southeast Asian Nation. However, Manila's excessive reliance on US foreign policy led to a lack of policy stability, which significantly impacted Manila's foreign policy and worsened the Saigon–Manila relationship throughout the Vietnamization era.
Trajectory generation and motion analysis of a four degrees of freedom spatial biped robot for walking with different speeds using Euler parameters
Authors: Vistapalli Janardhan , Bhavsar Bhargav
Published: February 2025

This article aims at studying the spatial walking motion behavior of a biped robot with only 4 Degrees of Freedom (DoF). Different strategies proposed and trajectories are generated, feasibility of locomotions such as turning and walking in a desired direction are also studied. Implementation of these locomotion features with only four actuators, makes the robot an economic option for many domestic and industrial needs. To study different locomotions mentioned, a stepwise approach to model the kinematics of robot using Euler Parameters is proposed. To study the motion behavior of the robot, a single cycle of walking is divided in two single support phases (SSPs). With the 4 DoF configuration it is not possible to plan the motion trajectories for the entire phase of spatial walking at a stretch, to address this issue motion in each phase is divided further into small segments. These two phases are repeated over a particular duration for continuous walking motion generation. The trajectories are defined for the forward motion such that robot swing foot lands on the ground without any impact. The motion behavior of robot for repeated walking cycles is studied and peculiar motion patterns away from the regular behavior of biped robots is observed. Alternative motion strategy for walking is proposed to rectify the issues using geometric analysis. An approach for generating trajectories for walking with different speeds is proposed based on time scaling approach. Analysis is performed to find the limits of walking speed using zero moment point criteria. Walking strategy for turning right and left are proposed based on geometric analysis of motion. The proposed approach can be used on any 4 DoF robot any size with the same joint configuration. The results obtained from the kinematic analysis can be further used to design the actuation system for developing the robot.
EXPRESS: Engaging effort improves efficiency for spoken word recognition in cochlear implant users
Authors: Colby Sarah E. , McMurray Bob
Published: February 2025

Word recognition is generally thought to be supported by an automatic process of lexical competition, at least in normal hearing young adults. When listening becomes challenging, either due to properties of the environment (noise) or the individual (hearing loss), the dynamics of lexical competition change and word recognition can feel effortful and fatiguing. In cochlear implant users, several dimensions of lexical competition have been identified that capture the timing of the onset of lexical competition (Wait-and-See), the degree to which competition is fully resolved (Sustained Activation), and how quickly lexical candidates are activated (Activation Rate). It is unclear, however, how these dimensions relate to listening effort. To address this question, a group of cochlear implant users (N=79) completed a pupillometry task to index effort and a visual world paradigm task to index the dynamics of lexical competition as part of a larger battery of clinical and experimental tasks. Listeners who engaged more effort, as indexed by peak pupil size difference score, fell lower along the Wait-and-See dimension, suggesting that these listeners are engaging effort to be less Wait-and-See (or to begin the process of lexical competition earlier). Listeners who engaged effort earlier had better word and sentence recognition outcomes. The timing of effort was predicted by age and spectral fidelity, but no audiological or demographic factors predicted peak pupil size difference. The dissociation between the magnitude of engaged effort and the timing of effort suggests they perform different goals for spoken word recognition.
Introducing NASN’s School Nursing Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline: Students with Seizures and Epilepsy CPG Implementation Toolkit
Authors: Neumann Linda , Thompson Mary , Clark Elizabeth , Stanislo Kimberly J.
Published: February 2025

Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) are evidence-based statements that provide recommendations for best practice and are intended to improve healthcare quality and outcomes. The NASN released the updated School Nursing Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline for Students with Seizures and Epilepsy to provide evidence-based recommendations specific to school nursing practice and support the role of the school nurse in providing high quality care for school-age children with seizures and epilepsy. In early 2024, NASN released the School Nursing Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline: Students with Seizures and Epilepsy CPG Implementation Toolkit. The implementation toolkit is designed to provide school nurses with tools and resources to implement evidence-based recommendations into their practice. This article will provide an overview of the clinical practice guideline and implementation toolkit.