PECULIARITIES OF STUDYING SUCH COMPONENT OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL DANGERS AS DRUG ADDICTION (DEPENDENCE ON OPIATES AND OPIOIDS), AT THE TEACHING OF THE DISCIPLINE "SAFETY LIFE AND LABOR PROTECTION IN INDUSTRY"
Authors:   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Tkachuk Andrij 
Published: December 2021

In the article new approaches are considered in the study of socio-political dangers related to the formation of drug dependence on opiates and opioids, in institutions of higher education in the process of teaching "Safety Life and Labor Protection in Industry" due to more effective compilation and presentation of the appropriate lecture material with the help of the system of multimedia presentations. It is shown that on the one hand, endogenous opioids (enkephalins, endorphins, dinorphins, endomorphins) are of great benefit, because they work every second inside our brain, and created opioids of the morphine series (morphine, heroin, tramadol, fentanyl, desomorphine, etc.) are an important group of analgesic drugs, but at the same time they are the most terrible of the drugs that have taken and are taking the lives of millions of people. Peculiarities of material supply due to the causes, mechanisms and consequences of the effects of narcotic opiates and opioids on the human nervous system are considered. It is shown that the two main effects of morphine are: 1) reduction of pain sensitivity (analgesia) due to inhibition of pain signals in the spinal cord and brain (instead of endogenous opioids, which themselves constantly block the transmission of weak signals in the spinal cord from minor injuries, and can to block stronger pain impulses at the level of a thalamus that gives the chance, literally, not to pay attention to pain); 2) calm, euphoria due to the weakening of the activity of inhibitory neurons that inhibit the work of the centers of positive emotions in the hypothalamus and basal ganglia - in fact, the inhibitory block is removed from positive emotions and they become much more. With the help of morphine, you can cause hyperactivation of all opioid centers, that is, "exclude" any pain, even the strongest from severe physical injuries, burns, and oncology. And since the opioid block (inhibition) is only above the pain channels, the skin and temperature sensitivity do not overlap, that is, the person continues to tactilely feel his body (and not as with novocaine). But, for 5-10 times, if morphine is used frequently, there is addiction (need to increase the dose to get the same effect) and dependence (when you suddenly stop taking the drug - develops withdrawal syndrome - the system swings in the other direction, that is, if you take painkillers, you will have severe pain, if psychostimulants and antidepressants - depression), because any synapse, if overstimulated, begins to change compensatory. In the case of morphine, the formation of the opioid withdrawal syndrome is the fastest of all known systems. At the same time, after abrupt cessation of use there is a very powerful pain withdrawal syndrome - "breaking", when even a small touch causes severe pain, or even pain "in an empty place" - small pain signals now pass unhindered and "the whole body hurts" as if "burns with fire", "pulls out pieces of skin", the heart beats at 200 beats per minute and a person can die.