bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suppressing metal corrosion through identification of optimal crystallographic plane for Zn batteries
Authors: Ren Lingxiao , Hu Zhenglin , Peng Chengxin , Zhang Lan , Wang Nan , Wang Fei , Xia Yongyao , Zhang Suojiang , Hu Enyuan , Luo Jiayan
Published: January 2024

Direct use of metals as battery anodes could significantly boost the energy density, but suffers from limited cycling. To make the batteries more sustainable, one strategy is mitigating the propensity for metals to form random morphology during plating through orientation regulation, e.g., hexagonal Zn platelets locked horizontally by epitaxial electrodeposition or vertically aligned through Zn/electrolyte interface modulation. Current strategies center around obtaining (002) faceted deposition due to its minimum surface energy. Here, benefiting from the capability of preparing a library of faceted monocrystalline Zn anodes and controlling the orientation of Zn platelet deposits, we challenge this conventional belief. We show that while monocrystalline (002) faceted Zn electrode with horizontal epitaxy indeed promises the highest critical current density, the (100) faceted electrode with vertically aligned deposits is the most important one in suppressing Zn metal corrosion and promising the best reversibility. Such uniqueness results from the lowest electrochemical surface area of (100) faceted electrode, which intrinsically builds upon the surface atom diffusion barrier and the orientation of the pallets. These new findings based on monocrystalline anodes advance the fundamental understanding of electrodeposition process for sustainable metal batteries and provide a paradigm to explore the processing–structure–property relationships of metal electrodes.
Dancr-BRG1 regulates Nfatc1 transcription and Pgc1β-dependent metabolic shifts in osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Meng Yichen , Lin Tao , Zhang Zhanrong , Tao Zhengbo , Yin Haozan , Yang Fu , Zhou Xuhui
Published: January 2024

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) serves as a vital regulator of bone metabolism, but its role in pathologically overactive osteoclast differentiation remains elusive. Here, we identify lncRNA Dancr (Differentiation Antagonizing Non-protein Coding RNA) as a critical suppressor of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, which is down-regulated in response to estrogen deficiency. Global or osteoclast-specific Dancr Knockout mice display significant trabecular bone deterioration and enhanced osteoclast activity, but minimal alteration of bone formation. Moreover, the bone-targeted delivery of Dancr by Adeno-associated viral remarkably attenuates ovariectomy-induced osteopenia in mice. Mechanistically, Dancr establishes a direct interaction with Brahma-related gene 1 to prevent its binding and preserve H3K27me3 enrichment at the nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 and proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta promoters, thereby maintaining appropriate expression of osteoclastic genes and metabolic programs during osteoclastogenesis. These results demonstrate that Dancr is a key molecule maintaining proper osteoclast differentiation and bone homeostasis under physiological conditions, and Dancr overexpression constitutes a potential strategy for treating osteoporosis.
Network architecture of intrinsic connectivity in a mammalian spinal cord (the central nervous system’s caudal sector)
Authors: Swanson Larry W. , Hahn Joel D. , Sporns Olaf
Published: January 2024

The vertebrate spinal cord (SP) is the long, thin extension of the brain forming the central nervous system's caudal sector. Functionally, the SP directly mediates motor and somatic sensory interactions with most parts of the body except the face, and it is the preferred model for analyzing relatively simple reflex behaviors. Here, we analyze the organization of axonal connections between the 50 gray matter regions forming the bilaterally symmetric rat SP. The assembled dataset suggests that there are about 385 of a possible 2,450 connections between the 50 regions for a connection density of 15.7%. Multiresolution consensus cluster analysis reveals a hierarchy of structure–function subsystems in this neural network, with 4 subsystems at the top level and 12 at the bottom-level. The top-level subsystems include a) a bilateral subsystem related most clearly to somatic and autonomic motor functions and centered in the ventral horn and intermediate zone; b) a bilateral subsystem associated with general somatosensory functions and centered in the base, neck, and head of the dorsal horn; and c) a pair of unilateral, bilaterally symmetric subsystems associated with nociceptive information processing and occupying the apex of the dorsal horn. The intrinsic SP network displayed no hubs, rich club, or small-world attributes, which are common measures of global functionality. Advantages and limitations of our methodology are discussed in some detail. The present work is part of a comprehensive project to assemble and analyze the neurome of a mammalian nervous system and its interactions with the body.
“That was a long time ago”
Authors: Bandt Elena , Gerstenberg Annette
Published: January 2024

The paper contributes to ongoing research on memory work with a focus on “memory work markers” (mwm), affirmative and negative constructions with first person singular verbs such as ‘I remember’ and ‘I know’. We observe them in a longitudinal approach, based on a hexagonal French corpus of biographical interviews, and compare speakers with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) and cognitive impairment (CI) with matched speakers in normal aging. We observe a general tendency to use negative mwm more frequently in normal aging, while the speaker with AD uses positive as well as negative mwm for memory work performance, and the speaker with CI as tools for topic self-selection. We conclude that framing the process of remembering with mwm can preserve speakers’ autonomy and that an inclusive conversation style could be enhanced by the nuanced awareness of mwm and their relevance in interaction.
Effects of various soya protein hydrolysates on lipid profile, blood pressure and renal function in five-sixths nephrectomized rats
Authors: Chen Shu-Tzu , Yang Hsin-Yi , Huang Hui-Yu , Peng Sheng-Jeng , Chen Jiun-Rong
Published: January 2024

Studies have demonstrated that isolated soya protein (ISP) can slow the progression of renal injury, reduce blood pressure and improve the serum lipid profile in experimental animals and human subjects. The mechanisms and components of soya responsible have not been fully established. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of the hydrophilic supernatant fraction (SF) and the hydrophobic precipitate fraction (PF) isolated from soya protein hydrolysate on renal function, lipid metabolism and blood pressure in five-sixths nephrectomized rats. Experimental animals were subjected to a nephrectomy and allocated to four groups (180g casei/g, 180g IS/g, 100g casei/g with 80g S/g, and 100g casei/g with 80g P/g). The SF group had the most significant decreases in blood pressure and total cholesterol, as well as a significantly retarded progression of the experimentally induced renal disease, compared with the other groups. The PF group exhibited a significantly increased faecal excretion of total steroids. The serum creatinine, level of proteinuria, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, and blood pressure were significantly reduced, and HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased, in the ISP and PF groups compared with the casein group, but no significant differences were observed between the ISP and PF groups. These results suggest that both soya protein hydrolysate fractions favourably affected chronic renal failure induced by a five-sixths nephrectomy, and the hydrophilic fraction of soya protein hydrolysate had the most pronounced effect on attenuating hypertension and slowing the progression of renal disease.
Supplementation of difructose anhydride III enhanced elevation of plasma equol concentrations and lowered plasma total cholesterol in isoflavone-fed rats
Authors: Tamura Akiko , Nishimukai Megumi , Shigematsu Norihiro , Hara Hiroshi
Published: January 2024

Equol, a derivative of daidzein produced by enterobacteria, has greater activity as a phyto-oestrogen compared with daidzein. Difructose anhydride III (DFAIII) is a newly manufactured non-digestible disaccharide with unique fermentation properties. The present study evaluated the prebiotic effects of DFAIII on equol production and on plasma cholesterol concentrations related to the changes in equol production. We compared plasma equol concentrations at 10.00 and 18.00 hours and faecal isoflavone excretion in three groups of seven rats (male Wistar-ST strain, 6 weeks old) fed a basal diet or a DFAIII or fructooligosaccharide (15/g diet) diet containing 1g soya isoflavone/g diet for 20d. Equol concentrations in the DFAIII group were higher than in the control and fructooligosaccharides groups, especially in the later phase of the light period (18.00 hours) throughout the experiment. Daizein and genistein concentrations did not change between the diet groups. The faecal ratios of equol:daidzein were very high in all groups, but the ratios were higher in the DFAIII group than the control and fructooligosaccharide groups on day 3, and this tendency continued throughout the experiment. On day 20, the plasma total cholesterol concentration was lowest in the DFAIII group. Additionally, the cholesterol concentrations were inversely correlated to plasma equol concentration in all the rats. In conclusion, DFAIII efficiently enhanced plasma equol concentrations, which may be associated with an increase in equol production and a decrease in equol degradation by enterobacteria. Higher plasma equol concentrations may contribute to the hypocholesterolaemic effect of DFAIII feeding.
Food processing methods influence the glycaemic indices of some commonly eaten West Indian carbohydrate-rich foods
Authors: Bahado-Singh P. S. , Wheatley A. O. , Ahmad M. H. , Morrison E. Y. St. A. , Asemota H. N.
Published: January 2024

Glycaemic index (GI) values for fourteen commonly eaten carbohydrate-rich foods processed by various methods were determined using ten healthy subjects. The foods studied were round leaf yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis), negro and lucea yams (Dioscorea rotundata), white and sweet yams (Dioscorea alata), sweet potato (Solanum tuberosum), Irish potato (Ipomoea batatas), coco yam (Xanthosoma spp.), dasheen (Colocasia esculenta), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), green banana (Musa sapientum), and green and ripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca). The foods were processed by boiling, frying, baking and roasting where applicable. Pure glucose was used as the standard with a GI value of 100. The results revealed marked differences in GI among the different foods studied ranging from 35 (se 3) to 94 (se 8). The area under the glucose response curve and GI value of some of the roasted and baked foods were significantly higher than foods boiled or fried (P<0·05). The results indicate that foods processed by roasting or baking may result in higher GI. Conversely, boiling of foods may contribute to a lower GI diet.
The effect of two bovine β-casein peptides on various functional properties of porcine macrophages and neutrophils: differential roles of protein kinase A and exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP-1
Authors: Chronopoulou R. , Xylouri E. , Fegeros K. , Politis I.
Published: January 2024

The effects of two bovine β-casein peptides on the urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) system and superoxide anion (SA) production by porcine macrophages and neutrophils activated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) were investigated. Macrophages and neutrophils were obtained from fourteen weaned piglets and were cultured in vitro for 24h with or without one of two chemically synthesised peptides: tripeptide leucine–leucine–tyrosine (residues 191–193 of β-casein) (LLY) and hexapeptide proline–glycine–proline–isoleucine–proline–asparagine (residues 63–68 of β-casein). Following incubation, cells were stimulated with 80μM-PMA. Total cell-associated u-PA, membrane-bound u-PA, free u-PA binding sites along with SA production were determined after stimulation with PMA. Both peptides suppressed the u-PA system and SA production of PMA-stimulated macrophages isolated from piglets during weeks 1–2 after weaning. Only the tripeptide LLY suppressed the u-PA system and SA production of PMA-stimulated neutrophils during the same time period. None of the peptides tested had any effect (P>0·05) on the u-PA system and SA production of PMA-stimulated macrophages and neutrophils isolated from the same piglets during weeks 5–6 after weaning. Thus, peptides are effective only in the early post-weaning period. Using cyclic AMP analogues that are highly specific activators of protein kinase A (PKA) or exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP-1 (Epac-1), we found that activation of PKA, but not Epac-1, was responsible for the downregulation of the u-PA system, whereas activation of PKA an/r Epac-1 was responsible for the downregulation of SA system in both macrophages and neutrophils.
Dietary branched-chain amino acid valine, isoleucine and leucine requirements of fingerling Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)
Authors: Ahmed Imtiaz , Khan Mukhtar A.
Published: January 2024

Three 8-week growth experiments were conducted to quantify the requirements of the fingerling Cirrhinus mrigala for the dietary branched-chain amino acids valine (experiment 1), isoleucine (experiment 2) and leucine (experiment 3). Six isonitrogenous (400/g) and isoenergetic (17·90k/) test diets were formulated with a gradation of 2·5/g for each test amino acid, valine (7·5–20/g), isoleucine (5·0–17·5/g) and leucine (7·5–20/g), and fed to randomly stocked fish in circular troughs. In experiment 1, the maximum weight gain (312%), best feed conversion ratio (FCR; 1·45) and best protein efficiency ratio (PER; 1·72) were obtained in fish fed 15·0g dietary valin/g. In experiment 2, the highest weight gain (317%), best FCR (1·47) and best PER (1·70) were recorded at 12·5g dietary isoleucin/g, and in experiment 3, the highest weight gain (308%), best FCR (1·46) and best PER (1·71) were noted at 15·0g dietary leucin/g. A quadratic regression analysis of weight gain, FCR and PER data showed an optimum requirement at 15·9, 15·0 and 14·8/g for valine, 13·2, 12·3 and 12·1/g for isoleucine and 15·6, 15·4 and 15·1/g for leucine in dry diets. Low body moisture and higher protein were noted in fish fed diets containing 15·5, 12·5 and 15·0g valine, isoleucine and leucine per kg, respectively. Body fat increased with increasing levels of the branched-chain amino acids. On the basis of a regression analysis of growth data, it is recommended that a diet for C. mrigala should contain valine at 15·2, isoleucine at 12·6 and leucine at 15·4/g dry diet, corresponding to 38·0, 31·5 and 38·5/g dietary protein, respectively.
Dietary intakes associated with metabolic syndrome in a cohort of Japanese ancestry
Authors: Damião Renata , Castro Teresa G. , Cardoso Marly A. , Gimeno Suely G. A. , Ferreira Sandra R. G. ,   for the Japanese–Brazilian Diabetes Study Group
Published: January 2024

The present study examined the association between dietary factors and metabolic syndrome in a 7-year follow-up of Japanese–Brazilians. In 1993, a survey estimated the prevalence of diabetes in a Japanese–Brazilian population aged 40–79 years. From 647 subjects studied at baseline, 394 (60·9%) participated in a second survey (2000); after exclusion of subjects with self-reported diseases, 23·4% (n 151) were included in the present analysis. Metabolic syndrome diagnosis was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria modified for Asians. Food intake was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire. At baseline, mean ages were 56·1 (sd 9·7) and 54·7 (sd 10·6) years for men and women, respectively. Similar cumulative incidence rates of the metabolic syndrome were found in both sexes (36·9 (95% CI 26·6, 48·1)% for men and 38·8 (95% CI 27·1, 51·4) % for women). In 1993, mean values of blood pressure, waist circumference for men and 2h plasma glucose for both sexes were higher among subjects who developed metabolic syndrome when compared with those who did not. Comparisons of nutrient intakes between subsets of subjects who developed or did not develop metabolic syndrome showed an association of protein intake with the syndrome only in men (96·4 (sd 56·8) v. 74·3 (sd 26·0) /; P<0·05). Odds ratios of the metabolic syndrome across tertiles of food groups intake showed that among men the highest tertile of red meat consumption was associated with a 4·7-fold increase in risk of developing the syndrome, after adjustments for confounders. However, the statistical significance of this model disappeared when saturated fatty acids were added. The data raised the possibility of a role of red meat consumption for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in Japanese–Brazilian men. The present findings may have implications for the prevention of metabolic syndrome in this high-risk population.
Lack of effect of meal fatty acid composition on postprandial lipid, glucose and insulin responses in men and women aged 50–65 years consuming their habitual diets
Authors: Burdge Graham C. , Powell Jonathan , Calder Philip C.
Published: January 2024

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of consuming meals with different fatty acid compositions on the postprandial changes over 6h in plasma triacylglycerol, NEFA, total cholesterol, glucose and insulin concentrations in middle-aged men and women. Men (n 11; 58 (5) years) and women (n 11; 56 (4) years) consumed four test meals with a similar macronutrient energy content in random order: a reference meal based on the habitual pattern of fatty acid intake in the UK, a meal with an increased (155%) linoleic acid (LA) to α-linolenic acid (αLNA) ratio (high LA:αLNA), a meal with increased (23%) MUFA content (high MUFA) and a meal with increased (583%) EPA and DHA content (high EPA+DHA). The high-LA:αLNA and high-EPA+DHA meals selectively increased the ratio of LA to αLNA (men 341%; women 310%) and the EPA+DHA (men 414%; women 438%) concentration in plasma triacylglycerol. The high-MUFA meal did not alter the change in MUFA content of the plasma. Plasma triacylglycerol, NEFA, glucose and insulin, but not total cholesterol, concentrations changed significantly after each meal. There was no significant effect of meal fatty acid composition or gender on maximum change in concentration, time to maximum concentration or area under the curve of any of the metabolites measured in the blood. These results suggest that differences in meal fatty acid composition exert little or no effect on postprandial changes in plasma lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations.
STK19 is a DNA/RNA-binding protein critical for DNA damage repair and cell proliferation
Authors: Li Yuling , Gong Yanqiu , Zhou Yue , Xiao Yuzhou , Huang Wenxin , Zhou Qiao , Tu Yingfeng , Zhao Yinglan , Zhang Shuyu , Dai Lunzhi , Sun Qingxiang
Published: January 2024

STK19 was originally identified as a manganese-dependent serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, but its function has been highly debated. Here, the crystal structure of STK19 revealed that it does not contain a kinase domain, but three intimately packed winged helix (WH) domains. The third WH domain mediated homodimerization and double-stranded DNA binding, both being important for its nuclear localization. STK19 participated in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways by recruiting damage repair factors such as RPA2 and PCNA. STK19 also bound double-stranded RNA through the DNA-binding interface and regulated the expression levels of many mRNAs. Furthermore, STK19 knockdown cells exhibited very slow cell proliferation, which cannot be rescued by dimerization or DNA-binding mutants. Therefore, this work concludes that STK19 is highly unlikely to be a kinase but a DNA/RNA-binding protein critical for DNA damage repair (DDR) and cell proliferation. To prevent further confusions, we renamed this protein as TWH19 (Tandem Winged Helix protein formerly known as STK19).
IκB kinase thwarts aggregation: Phosphorylating TDP-43 for degradation
Authors: Yang Cha , Liu Yanru , Hu Fenghua
Published: January 2024

TDP-43 aggregation is a hallmark of neurodegeneration. In this issue, Iguchi et al. (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202302048) report that IκB kinase (IKK), an important mediator of inflammation, phosphorylates cytoplasmic TDP-43 to promote proteasomal degradation, revealing an unexpected link between inflammation and TDP-43 homeostasis.
Hairy black holes, scalar charges and extended thermodynamics
Authors: Ballesteros Romina , Ortín Tomás
Published: January 2024

We explore the use of the recently defined scalar charge which satisfies a Gauss law in stationary spacetimes, in the context of theories with a scalar potential. We find new conditions that this potential has to satisfy in order to allow for static, asymptotically-flat black-hole solutions with regular horizons and non-trivial scalar field. These conditions are equivalent to some of the known ‘no-hair’ theorems (such as Bekenstein’s). We study the extended thermodynamics of these systems, deriving a first law and a Smarr formula. As an example, we study the Anabalón–Oliva hairy black hole.
Temperature and power-dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy in suspended WSe2 monolayer
Authors: Guerra Davila Yuset , Silva Francisco W N , Oliveira Maykol C D , Yu Zhuohang , Carvalho Thais C V , dos Santos Clenilton C , Souza Filho Antonio G , Terrones Mauricio , Alencar Rafael S , Viana Bartolomeu C
Published: January 2024

This work, the photoluminescence (PL) of a suspended monolayer of WSe2 was investigated to avoid the substrate effect, and its evolution with temperature and excitation energy. Raman spectroscopy and PL demonstrated the monolayer characteristic of the sample due to the absence of the B1

2
g

peak along with a symmetric PL peak centered at approximately 1.65 eV. The PL spectrum exhibited two main emission bands attributed to a neutral exciton (X0) and a trion (X
T
), where X0 showed a redshift with temperature variation from 10 K to 310 K, and the intensity ratio between the bands varied from 2.68 to 3.96 eV. The energy evolution of the bands as a function of temperature was analyzed using the modified Varshni equation, yielding an electron–phonon coupling constant with a value of 1.54 (2.11) for X0 (X
T
). The intensity behavior was studied using the multi-level model, which provided activation energies of 58.0 meV for X0 and 94.6 meV for X
T
. The redshift of the mentioned bands is explained by the Urbach formalism, attributing this shift to an increase in phonon density in the material. Computational calculations demonstrated an increase in the material’s lattice parameter with rising temperature, resulting in an increase in the W–Se bond length and a decrease in the distance between Se atoms from different sublattices, causing the direct transition to decrease with temperature. In conclusion, this study showed that the observed evolution in the PL spectrum of the suspended WSe2 monolayer could be related to the increase of phonon density in the material which is important for the future applications of 2D materials in optoelectronics.
The relevance of structural variability in the time-domain for computational reflection anisotropy spectroscopy at solid–liquid interfaces
Authors: Leist Justus , Kim Jongmin , Euchner Holger , May Matthias M
Published: January 2024

In electrochemistry, reactions and charge-transfer are to a large extent determined by the atomistic structure of the solid–liquid interface. Yet due to the presence of the liquid electrolyte, many surface-science methods cannot be applied here. Hence, the exact microscopic structure that is present under operating conditions often remains unknown. Reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) is one of the few techniques that allow for an in operando investigation of the structure of solid–liquid interfaces. However, an interpretation of RAS data on the atomistic scale can only be obtained by comparison to computational spectroscopy. While the number of computational RAS studies related to electrochemical systems is currently still limited, those studies so far have not taken into account the dynamic nature of the solid–liquid interface. In this work, we investigate the temporal evolution of the spectroscopic response of the Au(110) missing row reconstruction in contact with water by combining ab initio molecular dynamics with computational spectroscopy. Our results show significant changes in the time evolution of the RA spectra, in particular providing an explanation for the typically observed differences in intensity when comparing theory and experiment. Moreover, these findings point to the importance of structural surface/interface variability while at the same time emphasising the potential of RAS for probing these dynamic interfaces.
Investigation of ambient vibration sources for direct energy harvesting by optimizing resonant frequency using proof mass
Authors: Khatun Hiramoni , Sharma Chayanika , Sarma Utpal
Published: January 2024

Ambient mechanical sources typically vibrate below the frequency of 200 Hz, posing challenges for thin film piezoelectric sensors, including low power, high resonant frequency, and small bandwidth. To optimize the electrical energy harvesting from the ambient sources, it is crucial to reduce the resonant frequency of the energy harvester to match that of the ambient sources. In this study, the energy harvester’s resonant frequency dependency on proof mass is thoroughly investigated using the finite element method (FEM). Further, the FEM results are experimentally validated through a custom-designed vibration set-up. Different ambient vibration energy sources, their vibrating frequencies, and accelerations are examined to harness direct mechanical energy and convert it into electric energy using the piezoelectric sensor. Further, the effective proof mass and position are determined to achieve the targeted frequency obtained from ambient sources. Consequently, the harvester is utilized for direct energy harvesting from the ambient sources. The addition of proof mass can lower the resonant frequency of the harvester from 160 Hz to 40 Hz allowing the harvester to vibrate at maximum amplitude to obtain maximum output voltage. Significant enhancement of output power is observed after the tuning of harvester resonant frequency, harvesting a maximum output power of 19.29 μW when mechanically sourced from the bike mirror, measured at an acceleration of 4.50 g at 43 Hz.
Investigation of γ-photon sources using near-critical density targets towards the optimization of the linear Breit–Wheeler process
Authors: Vladisavlevici Iuliana-Mariana , Ribeyre Xavier , Vizman Daniel , d’Humières Emmanuel
Published: January 2024

In this paper we analyze the production of high energy synchrotron gamma photons in laser-plasma interaction for a laser intensity in 1022–

5
⋅

10

23

W
c
m

−
2

and a near-critical density target using two dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. In the optimum configuration to maximize the conversion efficiency of the laser energy to γ-photons, we studied the production of electron–positron pairs by the linear Breit–Wheeler process in the collision of two identical γ-photon beams using a dedicated photon-photon collision simulation code. A maximum laser energy conversion coefficient of

33
%

in high energy photons was obtained and a photon beam intensity, with energies above

1

MeV

, of

 
2
⋅

10

20

W
c
m

−
2

at

150
μ

m

distance from the initial position of the target (for the highest laser intensity considered). We show that the optimum case to detect the linear Breit–Wheeler pairs corresponds to a laser intensity of

10

23

W
c
m

−
2

. Our results can be used for the preparation of experimental campaigns for the detection of linear Breit–Wheeler pairs at the Apollon and ELI laser facilities.
Kinetic model of grating-like DBD fed with flowing humid air
Authors: Zhang Liyang , Liu Zhigang , Guo Yuntao , Liu Jinbao , Wang Kai , Luo Haiyun , Fu Yangyang
Published: January 2024

This work proposes a coupled kinetic model to capture the spatiotemporal evolution behaviors of reactive species generated by a grating-like dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) operated in flowing humid air. The coupled model incorporates a zero-dimensional (0D) discharge model for the discharge filament and a 0D kinetic model or two-dimensional (2D) fluid model for the afterglow region. The model is experimentally validated by the ozone measurements under different airflow rates and power levels. With the pseudo-1D plug flow approximation, the spatial distribution of species obtained by the 0D afterglow model agrees well with the 2D fluid model. The kinetics of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the discharge and afterglow region and the underlying pathways are analyzed. It is predicted by the model that there exists an optimal discharge power or airflow rate to acquire a maximum density of short-lived species (OH, O2(a1Δ), HO2, etc) delivered to a given location in the afterglow region. The key factor influencing the plasma chemistry is discharge power, regardless of initial species density, and less concerned with pulse width. The proposed model provides hints for a better understanding of DBD-relevant plasma chemistry operated in ambient air.
Thermal runaway criterion as a basis for the protection of high-temperature superconductor magnets
Authors: Marchevsky M , Prestemon S
Published: January 2024

High-temperature superconductor (HTS) based high-field magnet systems are essential for particle accelerators and fusion energy applications. Quench protection of such magnets is difficult owing to a slow quench propagation velocity in HTS. While in conventional NbTi and Nb3Sn-based magnets, a normal zone expands typically quickly, and the stored energy is dissipated across a large volume of the windings, a normal zone in an HTS magnet propagates slowly and, thus, can heat up quickly to high temperatures destroying the conductor. At the same time, growing experimental evidence suggests that HTS conductors can operate in a stable dissipative flux flow regime for a substantial range of operational currents before entering an irreversible thermal runaway. Therefore, a new protection paradigm for HTS magnets has emerged, aiming to prevent quenching, using advanced diagnostics to detect the dissipative regime onset. In the present paper, we propose a simple criterion for the thermal runaway in HTS conductors and calculate allowable temperature margins within which an HTS magnet can be operated safely. Outside of those temperature margins, a common quench integral approach may be used to estimate the upper boundary of the time margin for activating the protection system. We verify the applicability of our approach by comparing the calculated runaway conditions for a Bi-2223 conductor with the experimentally measured values. The thermal and time margins can define the quench protection system’s requirements for implementing the quench-avoiding protection paradigm.
High critical current density in low-cost iron-based superconducting round wires annealed at ambient pressure
Authors: Fu Caida , Dong Chiheng , Tu Chang , Han Meng , Huang He , Wang Dongliang , Zhang Xianping , Ma Yanwei
Published: January 2024

Superconducting round wires with isotropic architecture are preferred in fabrications of cables and magnets. To diminish the obstacles to supercurrent, e.g., voids, cracks and bubbles, over-pressure heat treatment or hot isostatic pressing is indispensable in the final annealing process. Here, we fabricated a stainless steel/Cu/Ag sheathed Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 superconducting round wire without the aid of high-pressure sintering. It was found that high-strength outer sheaths and groove rolling synergistically enhance the core density to ∼100%. Combined with the fiber and concentric texture of the superconducting core, the J
c reaches 4.45 × 104 A cm−2 at 4.2 K and 10 T. Furthermore, the specially designed conductor architecture not only reduces material costs by lowering the proportion of Ag to ∼3.1%, but also provides high mechanical and thermal stability. This straightforward and cost-effective process can be scaled up for the massive production of long wires for high-field applications.
Macroscopic effects in generation of attosecond XUV pulses via high-order frequency mixing in gases and plasma
Authors: Birulia V A , Khokhlova M A , Strelkov V V
Published: January 2024

We theoretically study the generation of attosecond XUV pulses via high-order frequency mixing (HFM) of two intense generating fields, and compare this process with the more common high-order harmonic generation (HHG) process. We calculate the macroscopic XUV signal by numerically integrating the 1D propagation equation coupled with the 3D time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We analytically find the length scales which limit the quadratic growth of the HFM macroscopic signal with propagation length. Compared to HHG these length scales are much longer for a group of HFM components, with orders defined by the frequencies of the generating fields. This results in a higher HFM macroscopic signal despite the microscopic response being lower than for HHG. In our numerical simulations in a gas target, the intensity of the HFM signal is several times higher than that for HHG, while for a plasma target the HFM generation efficiency is up to three orders of magnitude higher than for HHG. The HFM with relatively long generating pulses provides very narrow XUV lines (

δ
ω

/

ω
=
4.6
×

10

−
4

) with well-defined frequencies, thus allowing for a simple extension of optical frequency standards to the XUV range. Finally, we show that the group of HFM components effectively generated due to macroscopic effects provides a train of attosecond pulses such that the carrier-envelope phase of an individual attosecond pulse can be easily controlled by tuning the phase of one of the generating fields.
Emergent clustering due to quorum sensing interactions in active matter
Authors: Thapa Samudrajit , Pinchasik Bat-El , Shokef Yair
Published: January 2024

Many organisms in nature use local interactions to generate global cooperative phenomena. To unravel how the behavior of individuals generates effective interactions within a group, we introduce a simple model, wherein each agent senses the presence of others nearby and changes its physical motion accordingly. This generates non-physical, or virtual interactions between agents. We study the radial distribution function and the cluster size distribution to quantify the emergent interactions for both social and anti-social behavior; We identify social behavior as when an agent exhibits a tendency to remain in the vicinity of other agents, whereas anti-social behavior as when it displays a tendency to escape from the vicinity of others. Using Langevin dynamics simulations in two and three spatial dimensions, we discover that under certain conditions, positive correlations, which indicate attraction can emerge even in the case of anti-social behavior. Our results are potentially useful for designing robotic swimmers that can swim collectively only based on sensing the distance to their neighbors, without measuring any orientational information.
A novel small object detection algorithm for UAVs based on YOLOv5
Authors: Li Jianzhuang , Zhang Yuechong , Liu Haiying , Guo Junmei , Liu Lida , Gu Jason , Deng Lixia , Li Shuang
Published: January 2024

Due to the advances in deep learning, artificial intelligence is widely utilized in numerous areas. Technologies frontier, including computer vision, represented by object detection, have endowed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with autonomous perception, analysis, and decision-making capabilities. UAVs extensively used in numerous fields including photography, industry and agriculture, surveillance, disaster relief, and play an important role in real life. However, current object detection algorithms encountered challenges when it came to detecting small objects in images captured by UAVs. The small size of the objects, with high density, low resolution, and few features make it difficult for the algorithms to achieve high detection accuracy and are prone to miss and false detections especially when detecting small objects. For the case of enhancing the performance of UAV detection on small objects, a novel small object detection algorithm for UAVs adaptation based on YOLOv5s (UA-YOLOv5s) was proposed. (1) To achieve effective small-sized objects detection, a more accurate small object detection (MASOD) structure was adopted. (2) To boost the detection accuracy and generalization ability of the model, a multi-scale feature fusion (MSF) approach was proposed, which fused the feature information of the shallow layers of the backbone and the neck. (3) To enhance the model stability properties and feature extraction capability, a more efficient and stable convolution residual Squeeze-and-Excitation (CRS)module was introduced. Compared with the YOLOv5s, mAP@0.5 was achieved an impressive improvement of 7.2%. Compared with the YOLOv5l, mAP@0.5 increased by 1.0%, and GFLOPs decreased by 69.1%. Compared to the YOLOv3, mAP@0.5 decreased by 0.2% and GFLOPs by 78.5%. The study’s findings demonstrated that the proposed UA-YOLOv5s significantly enhanced the object detection performance of UAVs campared to the traditional algorithms.
Amplitude modulation leads to the disappearance of relaxation oscillations in the Duffing system
Authors: Song Jin , Jiang Yandan , Han Xiujing , Bi Qinsheng
Published: January 2024

Relaxation oscillations are pervasive in diverse areas of natural sciences and engineering, and exploring the dynamical mechanisms of relaxation oscillations is one of the most significant issues. Typical relaxation oscillations can be observed in the Duffing system. Recently, amplitude modulation has emerged as a novel control mechanism for investigating the behavior of fast-slow dynamics in systemic tension oscillations. It has demonstrated the ability to prolong the quasi-static slow process of the system and increase the number of bifurcation points. However, the exploration of the mechanistic aspects of amplitude modulation is still in its early stages, with many unreported dynamical mechanisms. Among these, investigating the modes of relaxation oscillations induced by amplitude modulation is one of the most important issues. Therefore, this manuscript focuses on studying the effect of amplitude modulation on relaxation oscillations, using the classical forced Duffing system as a representative model. Significantly, we report an intriguing finding for the first time, revealing a new amplitude-modulated mechanism by which the disappearance of relaxation oscillations can be induced. By employing the fast-slow analysis, we have examined the underlying dynamical mechanisms, revealing a strong correlation with the modulation index of amplitude modulation. Notably, when the system operates under low amplitude modulation, an extension of the quasi-static process is observed, manifesting as a prolonged slow process. Conversely, under high amplitude modulation, relaxation oscillations suddenly disappear. Our results serve to enrich the potential mechanisms of amplitude modulation, and our analysis provides a reference for investigating the dynamical behavior induced by amplitude modulation in other dynamical systems.
Remote sensing image encryption algorithm based on novel hyperchaos and an elliptic curve cryptosystem
Authors: Tian 田 Jing-Xi 婧希 , Jin 金 Song-Chang 松昌 , Zhang 张 Xiao-Qiang 晓强 , Yang 杨 Shao-Wu 绍武 , Shi 史 Dian-Xi 殿习
Published: January 2024

Remote sensing images carry crucial ground information, often involving the spatial distribution and spatiotemporal changes of surface elements. To safeguard this sensitive data, image encryption technology is essential. In this paper, a novel Fibonacci sine exponential map is designed, the hyperchaotic performance of which is particularly suitable for image encryption algorithms. An encryption algorithm tailored for handling the multi-band attributes of remote sensing images is proposed. The algorithm combines a three-dimensional synchronized scrambled diffusion operation with chaos to efficiently encrypt multiple images. Moreover, the keys are processed using an elliptic curve cryptosystem, eliminating the need for an additional channel to transmit the keys, thus enhancing security. Experimental results and algorithm analysis demonstrate that the algorithm offers strong security and high efficiency, making it suitable for remote sensing image encryption tasks.
A novel complex-high-order graph convolutional network paradigm: ChyGCN
Authors: Zheng 郑 He-Xiang 和翔 , Miao 苗 Shu-Yu 书宇 , Gu 顾 Chang-Gui 长贵
Published: January 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in graph convolutional networks (GCN). However, existing GCN and variants are predominantly based on simple graph or hypergraph structures, which restricts their ability to handle complex data correlations in practical applications. These limitations stem from the difficulty in establishing multiple hierarchies and acquiring adaptive weights for each of them. To address this issue, this paper introduces the latest concept of complex hypergraphs and constructs a versatile high-order multi-level data correlation model. This model is realized by establishing a three-tier structure of complexes-hypergraphs-vertices. Specifically, we start by establishing hyperedge clusters on a foundational network, utilizing a second-order hypergraph structure to depict potential correlations. For this second-order structure, truncation methods are used to assess and generate a three-layer composite structure. During the construction of the composite structure, an adaptive learning strategy is implemented to merge correlations across different levels. We evaluate this model on several popular datasets and compare it with recent state-of-the-art methods. The comprehensive assessment results demonstrate that the proposed model surpasses the existing methods, particularly in modeling implicit data correlations (the classification accuracy of nodes on five public datasets Cora, Citeseer, Pubmed, Github Web ML, and Facebook are 86.1±0.33, 79.2±0.35, 83.1±0.46, 83.8±0.23, and 80.1±0.37, respectively). This indicates that our approach possesses advantages in handling datasets with implicit multi-level structures.
Spectroscopy and molecule opacity investigation on excited states of SiS
Authors: Li 李 Rui 瑞 , Lv 吕 Haonan 浩男 , Sang 桑 Jiqun 纪群 , Liu 刘 Xiaohua 晓华 , Liang 梁 Guiying 桂颖 , Wu 吴 Yong 勇
Published: January 2024

The SiS molecule, which plays a significant role in space, has attracted a great deal of attention for many years. Due to complex interactions among its low-lying electronic states, precise information regarding the molecular structure of SiS is limited. To obtain accurate information about the structure of its excited states, the high-precision multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) method has been utilized. This method is used to calculate the potential energy curves (PECs) of the 18 Λ–S states corresponding to the lowest dissociation limit of SiS. The core–valence correlation effect, Davidson’s correction and the scalar relativistic effect are also included to guarantee the precision of the MRCI calculation. Based on the calculated PECs, the spectroscopic constants of quasi-bound and bound electronic states are calculated and they are in accordance with previous experimental results. The transition dipole moments (TDMs) and dipole moments (DMs) are determined by the MRCI method. In addition, the abrupt variations of the DMs for the 15Σ+ and 25Σ+ states at the avoided crossing point are attributed to the variation of the electronic configuration. The opacity of SiS at a pressure of 100 atms is presented across a series of temperatures. With increasing temperature, the expanding population of excited states blurs the band boundaries.
Theoretical investigation of excited dipole bound states of alkali-containing diatomic anions
Authors: Lian 连 Yi 艺 , Xiao 肖 Lidan 利丹 , Bian 边 Lili 丽丽 , Xu 徐 Hai-Feng 海峰 , Yan 闫 Bing 冰
Published: January 2024

Information about electronic excited states of molecular anions plays an important role in investigating electron attachment and detachment processes. Here we present a high-level theoretical study of the electronic structures of 12 alkali-metal-containing diatomic anions MX
− (MX = LiH, LiF, LiCl, NaF, NaCl, NaBr, RbCl, KCl, KBr, RbI, KI and CsI). The equation-of-motion electron-attachment coupled-cluster singles and doubles (EOM-EA-CCSD) method is used to calculate the electron binding energies (EBEs) of 10 electronic excited states of each of the 12 molecule anions. With addition of different s-/p-/d-type diffusion functions in the basis set, we have identified possible excited dipole bound states (DBSs) of each anion. With the investigation of EBEs on the 12 MXs with dipole moment (DM) up to 12.1 D, we evaluate the dependence of the number of anionic excited DBSs on molecular DM. The results indicate that there are at least two or three DBSs of anions with a molecular DM larger than 7 D and a molecule with DM > 10 D can sustain a π-DBS of the anion. Our study has some implications for the excited DBS electronic states of alkali-metal-containing diatomic molecules.
Mechanisms of model bias impacting responses of the Atlantic cold tongue to greenhouse warming
Authors: Yang Yun , Cheng Xi , Wu Lixin , Cai Wenju , Chen Yuhu
Published: January 2024

The Atlantic cold tongue, which typically peaks in boreal summer, exerts a pronounced regional and global impact on the climate and socio-economy. Projected future changes in the Atlantic cold tongue are full of uncertainty, mainly arising from a model bias in simulating its mean state, with less biased models projecting a stronger weakening in amplitude. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we find that model bias exerts its influence through modulating atmospheric thermal damping and upwelling of subsurface anomalous warming induced by the weakened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). In less biased models, the Atlantic cold tongue, compared to the western equatorial Atlantic, features a cooler mean climate sea surface temperature (SST), and is subjected to smaller thermal damping induced by mean climate evaporation and consequently, faster SST warming. Moreover, equatorial subsurface warming associated with a reduced AMOC is advected to the surface via mean climate upwelling, enhancing faster SST warming in the east, a feedback stronger in less biased models that produce greater climatological upwelling. The above asymmetric SST warming would be amplified by the Bjerknes feedback, leading to a weakened Atlantic cold tongue. These findings may help to predict future changes in the Atlantic cold tongue and its influences.
On the path integral formulation of Wigner–Dunkl quantum mechanics
Authors: Junker Georg
Published: January 2024

Feynman’s path integral approach is studied in the framework of the Wigner–Dunkl deformation of quantum mechanics. We start with reviewing some basics from Dunkl theory and investigate the time evolution of a Gaussian wave packet, which exhibits the same dispersion relation as observed in standard quantum mechanics. Feynman’s path integral approach is then extended to Wigner–Dunkl quantum mechanics. The harmonic oscillator problem is solved explicitly. We then look at the Euclidean time evolution and the related Dunkl process. This process, which exhibit jumps, can be represented by two continuous Bessel processes, one with reflection and one with absorption at the origin. The Feynman–Kac path integral for the harmonic oscillator problem is explicitly calculated.