bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PATIENTS' CONTENTMENT WITH TRANSANAL HEMORRHOIDAL DEARTERIALISATION
Authors: Branković Branko , Nestorović Milica , Stanojević Goran , Petrović Dejan , Mihajlović Dragan , Golubović Ilija
Published: May 2019

Hemorrhoidectomy was the method of choice for treating grade 3 and 4 hemorrhoids. Due to a large number of complications, a new surgical treatment called transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD) was introduced. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with THD in patients with hemorrhoids. This study included 70 patients, 48 males and 22 females, who were hospitalized at the Clinical Center Nis in the period from September 2016 to September 2018. Fifteen patients had grade 4 hemorrhoids, 54 were with grade 3, one patient with grade 2. The average duration of the operation was 33.33 minutes, and patients were hospitalized for 1-2 days. We recorded: sex, age, stage, type of anesthesia, duration of surgery, length of stay, patient satisfaction, combinations of THD with other procedures, and surgical complications. In 46 patients, surgery was performed under general anesthesia, in 18 patients in spinal and in 6 patients in local anesthesia with analgesia. In 37 subjects we used THD only, and in 33 we used THD in combination with other methods. We observed the development of complications in 9 patients. Bleeding occurred in 2 patients, pain in 2, and urinary retention in 4, and abscess in 1. The majority of the patients (62.9%) were satisfied with this method, 27.1% were partially satisfied and 10% were unsatisfied. This method provides a shorter stay in the hospital, low complications rate and is a safe, fast and simple initial surgical option.
PENGARUH CURRENT RATIO, RETURN ON EQUITY DAN SALES GROWTH TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) ( Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Industri Logam dan Mineral yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode 2011-2015 )
Authors: Aji Sun Haji
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT"Effect of Current Ratio, Return on Equity, and Sales Growth Of Capital Structure (Empirical Study of Manufacturing Industry In Metals And Minerals Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2011-2015)"This study aims to determine the effect of the Current Ratio, Return on Equity, and Sales Growth on the Capital Structure of Manufacturing Industry Metal And Allied listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research sample was taken from 5 Vendor Manufacturing listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the period 2011 to 2015. The data analysis method used in this research is the method of panel data analysis using SPSS 21.Keywords:Current Ratio (CR), Return on Equity (ROE), Sales Growth and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER)
PENGARUH TEKANAN STAKEHOLDER DAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KUALITAS SUSTAINABILITY REPORT
Authors: Suharyani Rini
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of stakeholder pressure and corporate governance on the sustainability report quality in the companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2017. The research sample numbered 28 with purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques with secondary data. Data is taken in the form of published data on the official website of the companies. Data analysis uses Content Analysis and WarpPLS 6.0. Based on the results of the study found stakeholder pressure have a significance positive effect on the sustainability report quality and corporate governance have a significance positive effect on the sustainability report quality. Keywords: Sustainability Report, Stakeholder Pressure, Corporate Governance
Modern technologies for the provision of governmental social services in the Moscow region
Authors: Krivova A L , Yazidzhyan Z G
Published: May 2019

The relevance of this article is due to the great demand for various government services, the leading position among which is occupied by the positions of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, as well as of the Social Security Authorities. In this regard, the current government seeks to facilitate this process by creating multifunctional centers for the provision of public services, as well as federal and regional portals of public services that allow people to interact with authorities without leaving their homes.
The role and functions of civil control in the formation of an eﬀective communicative discourse of public administration
Authors: Koretskiy M S
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to the actual problem of optimizing the model of interaction between government bodies and civil society institutions in the context of the institutional development of government. The author focuses on the essence, the role and functions of civilian control in improving the eﬃciency and eﬀectiveness of government.
Competitiveness of public service in conditions of social changes
Authors: Tatarinova L N
Published: May 2019

The article deals with the development of the civil service and ensuring its competitiveness in a changing social environment, based on an analysis of the components of competitiveness, suggested ways to increase its prestige and focus on achieving a socially signiﬁcant result.
Oral Hypoglycemics in Patients with type 2 Diabetes and Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Rannelli Luke , Kaplovitch Eric , Anand Sonia
Published: May 2019

Worldwide, in 2010, 202 million people were living with PAD, with a prevalence between 3-12 percent. The prevalence of PAD is three times greater in diabetic patients compared to those with normal glycaemia. PAD of the limbs is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as major adverse limb events including acute limb ischemia and amputation. These risks are particularly high in patients who smoke and/or have type 2 diabetes.  The goal of treatment in diabetic patients with PAD is to prevent cardiovascular events and prevent further peripheral artery stenosis leading to limb ischemia, and amputation. Poor glycemic control contributes to atherosclerotic progression; however, no randomized control trial evidence exists that demonstrates improved glycemic control reduces the risk of PAD. Oral diabetic medications are designed to lower glucose levels, reduce symptoms and the microvascular complications of diabetes without the inconvenience of daily injections. However, the data supporting benefit of these medications in diabetic populations with concurrent PAD are limited. We review the evidence for oral hypoglycemic agents in the treatment of patients with concurrent PAD and diabetes.
Disseminated Mycobacterium Sepsis with Bone Marrow, Liver, and Lung Involvement Following Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Therapy
Authors: Hager Drew , Kohja Zeenib , Wuerz Terry , Ponnampalam Arjuna
Published: May 2019

Introduction: BCG therapy is first line therapy for high grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).Case Presentation: A 54-year-old male presented with fevers, rigors and hematuria one week following intravesical BCG administration for treatment of NMIBC. He developed fever, pancytopenia, elevated liver enzymes and pulmonary infiltrates with progression of symptoms despite broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy. A bone marrow biopsy showed granulomatous infiltration; cultures of urine demonstrated growth of Mycobacterium bovis. A diagnosis of disseminated BCG infection secondary to intravesical administration was made; rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and high dose prednisone were initiated.Conclusion: Adverse events associated with BCG administration have been attributed to both the primary mycobacterium infection and to hypersensitivity reactions. Timely collection of histopathology can lead to early treatment of disseminated BCG with good outcomes. Internists should have a high index of suspicion for patients presenting with organ dysfunction with an immediate or remote history of intravesical BCG administration.
Closing the Knowledge Gap: Hepatitis B Reactivation in Immunosuppression
Authors: Daghistani Yassir M , To Fergus , Yoshida Eric M , Doyle Patrick , Ko Hin Hin , Krajden Mel , Kur Jason , Ramji Alnoor , Shojania Kam , Tam Edward , Wade John , Reid Graham , Erb Siegfried , Carruthers Mollie
Published: May 2019

Background

The usage of immunosuppressive medications (ISMs), and specifically disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), in a wide range of internal medicine subspecialties has increased the risk of hepatitis B virus re-activation (HBVr). We assessed the understanding of HBVr using a Canada-wide survey.

Methods

An electronic survey was sent to 521 members of the Canadian Rheumatology Association (CRA). The questions focused on the knowledge of screening, monitoring and management of patients with chronic or past infection with HBV in the setting of starting ISMs.The results were compared to the American Gastroenterology Association (AGA) guidelines. 

Results

A total of142 respondents were included in the analysis (response rate = 27.3%). Over 50% of the respondents would order unnecessary tests such as anti-HBs or anti-HBc for monitoring a HBsAg positive patient on an ISMs. There were 43% of responders who answered incorrectly to starting anti-viral prophylaxis for HBsAg positive patients on synthetic DMARDs (sDMARDs).

Conclusion

There are some knowledge gaps amongst physicians managing rheumatology patients with chronic or past infection with HBV in the setting of ISMs. The AGA guidelines were summarized and incorporated into a user-friendly guide.
Thoughts on Clinical Medicine
Authors: Baillie Hector M
Published: May 2019

These days, more time is spent at the computer than engaging in patient contact.   And yet it is the 1:1 relationship between doctor and patient that allows us into the magical world of problem solving, differential diagnosis and management.   The author shares some perspectives gained from a career in community internal medicine, in the hope that new internists will value the Art - as well as the Science - of Medicine.
We have lift-Off! The Launch of Competence by Design in Canada
Authors: Martin Leslie , Douketis James
Published: May 2019

Editorial
Prevalence of diarrhoea, and associated risk factors, in children aged 0-5 years, at two hospitals in Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
Authors: Nwaoha Adanma Florence , Ohaeri Camelita Chima , Amaechi Ebube Charles
Published: May 2019

Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of infectious mor­bidity and mortality in children under five years of age. This study aimed at identifying the most common parasites and potential risk factors for diarrhoea among children 0-5 years attending Abia State Specialist hospital and Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, in south east­ern Nigeria. We used 400 faecal samples from children with diarrhoea –and 200 without– in combination with hospital-based case control and a questionnaire Stool samples were processed with direct normal saline and formal-ether sedimentation method for parasitological stud­ies. More males than females were infected in nearly all age groups in both diarrhoeal and control groups (X2=23.04, df=1, P<0.05: X2=11.52, df=1, P<0.05 respectively). Amachara had more infections (X2=0.15, df=1, P< 0.05). January had the highest rate of infection (22.5%). Main clinical features were watery depositions over 3 times a day, diarrhoea lasting for days, fever, vomiting, and dehydration. Mothers learned about the problem through health workers, television and in medical centers. Risk correlated with mother’s education, occupation, latrine type, waste water disposal, hand washing, kitchen cleaning; sources and storage of water; and bottle milk (P< 0.05).Ignorance greatly con­tributed to the spread of parasitic disease in the area: the government should improve education and other strategies to alleviate the spread of the disease..
Corrimiento del límite austral en tres especies de Pleopeltis (Polypodiaceae) y su posible relación con el cambio climático en Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Guerrero Elian L , Cellini Juan Manuel
Published: May 2019

Se cita por primera vez para la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) la especie Pleopeltis pleopeltifolia (Raddi) Alston. Además se brindan nuevas localidades para Pleopeltis minima (Bory) J. Prado & R.Y. Hirai y para P. macrocarpa (Bory ex Willd.) Kaulf. Las especies que motivan este artículo son características de los bosques en galería de la Mesopotamia. Las mismas parecen estar extendiendo su distribución geográfica hacia el sur, al igual que otras plantas vasculares y animales del área Platense de la provincia. Con el objetivo de comprobar si se puede atribuir este corrimiento al cambio climático se calculó la dis­tancia de avance de estos taxa y de otras plantas registradas reciente­mente al sur de su distribución conocida en tres localidades del norte de Buenos Aires. Esta distancia se comparó con el corrimiento estimado de las isohietas e isotermas. Se destaca que existe concordancia entre el cambio biogeográfico y la tendencia observada de cambio climático en la región.
Dynamics of reproductive ecology of the fish Ompok bimaculatus (Siluriformes: Siluridae) in six tropical rivers of the Ganges basin, India
Authors: Praveen Agnihotri , Kumar Sarkar Uttam , Sahebrao Nagpure Naresh , Mani Mishra Rahsya , Ravindra Kumar , Abhishek Awasthi , Kumar Pandey Brijesh
Published: May 2019

The silurid butter catfish, Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794), is widely distributed in the plains and sub-mountain regions of India, but not enough is known about its reproductive potential is still insufficient. The present study evaluated the comparative reproductive potential (in terms of sex ratio, spawning season, body size at first go­nadal maturity, gonadosomatic index, fecundity, egg dimension, egg weight etc.) of fish (n=1223) from six tropical tributaries of the Ganges basin during January 2011-December 2013. The females had relatively greater weight and length. The body size at 50% first gonadal matu­rity (L50%) ranged between 228-262mm in females and 198-247mm in males. The population has high and low fecundities. The correlations between absolute fecundity and total length, as well as between body weight and gonad weight, were significant (p<0.05) and positive in all the population.
Aplicación del método STATIS-ACT al régimen de lluvias en la Región Oriental Venezolana
Authors: Olivares Barlin Orlando , Zingaretti M L , Demey Zambrano J A , Demey J R
Published: May 2019

El análisis de la precipitación es de suma importancia para poder comprender el comportamiento de fenómenos naturales que varían espacialmente, representando una herramienta útil para tomar decisiones en el ámbito agrícola. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar el régimen de lluvia usando catorce variables originales de la precipita­ción mensual de sesenta y cinco estaciones climáticas ubicadas en la región oriental de Venezuela, aplicando la metodología STATIS-ACT. El análisis generó cuatro grupos coherentes de precipitación constituidos por estaciones meteorológicas, con un patrón de precipitación especí­fico. Los grupos 1 y 3 han presentado mayor variabilidad interanual. Por otro lado, las estaciones de mayores lluvias están representadas por los Grupo 2 y 4. Además, este último grupo, ha tenido una mayor estabili­dad en la variabilidad pluviométrica entre años debido a los menores niveles del coeficiente de variación. El estudio evidencia patrones de precipitación asociadas a las unidades de paisajes características de la región oriental que pudiera ser utilizado en la planificación agrícola a largo plazo.
Level of mercury in tuna (Thunnini) and shark (Selachimorpha) in Costa Rica
Authors: Rodriguez Javier E
Published: May 2019

Tuna and shark are the main fish in which analysis of mercury content are made in Costa Rica. The main destinations are domestic consumption, import and export, in that order. On these analyzes a simple statistical evaluation was performed to estimate the values of weekly intake recommended for risk groups according to FAO. Records analysis by the Laboratorio Nacional de Servicios Veterinarios (LANASEVE) were used, considering the information related to type of fish, lot size, destination and mercury concentration. Lots were analyzed statistically in a range between 500 and 100.000 kg, where 439 data were available for tuna and 421 for shark. The lots are concentrated in the range between 1000 and 100,000 kg, with variations depending on species. The percentages above the legal limit of 1,00 mg Hg * kg-1 of fish are 7.1% for tuna and 20.7% shark. The populations of tuna and shark are not comparable, while the average of the different destinations tuna are more homogeneous than the shark. Data concentration of mercury in fish have a type Poisson distribution, with mean values of 0,577 mg Hg / kg of tuna and 0,860 mg Hg / kg of shark. These values are similar to those of other studies for these types of fish.
Percepción social y comportamiento ambiental de comunidades cercanas a un río urbano tropical en Costa Rica
Authors: Ureña Santos Claudio , Barrientos Zaidett
Published: May 2019

Las áreas verdes urbanas son de gran importancia para mantener el equilibrio en las ciudades, sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que analicen la percepción social sobre estas áreas. Realizamos una evaluación comparativa de la percepción ambiental que existe en dos comunidades urbanas de San José, Costa Rica. Las comunidades evaluadas se encuentran separadas por el río Ocloro; una presenta un nivel socioeconómico bajo y la otra un nivel medio-alto. Aplicamos encuestas en 40 casas ubicadas a menos de 150 m del río y a los encargados municipales del manejo de los recursos naturales. Realizamos una evaluación cualitativa del estado del río y su área de protección. Además, medimos la cantidad de metros cuadrados de área verde por habitante en imágenes satelitales. Cuantificamos la cantidad de desagües pluviales y de aguas servidas provenientes de cada comunidad y la colindancia de la zona de protección con construcciones, calles y zonas verdes. No encontramos diferencia significativa en la percepción ambiental de las comunidades. Las comunidades identificaron la vegetación y el río como los principales recursos y ventajas, la contaminación y los malos olores como las principales desventajas y, las campañas de educación ambiental, el mantenimiento del cauce y la reforestación como posibles soluciones. Los encargados municipales coincidieron en identificar al vertido de aguas residuales y la invasión de la zona de protección del río como principales problemas ambientales. La percepción ambiental municipal y comunal de la invasión de la zona de protección del río y su entubación fue inconsistente. Por lo tanto, recomendamos adecuar los programas de educación ambiental para que ambas percepciones coincidan y se ajusten a la realidad. La percepción de ambas comunidades es similar, sin embargo, difieren mucho en su comportamiento. La comunidad de nivel socioeconómico bajo vierte más desagües al río, ha invadido el 37,6% de la zona de protección y el 75% de la misma colinda con construcciones. Se recomienda la educación ambiental participativa para modificar el comportamiento de la comunidad de nivel socioeconómico bajo, así como evitar que las construcciones colinden con la zona de protección de los ríos para prevenir la invasión de la misma. Hay desigualdad en la cantidad de áreas verdes por habitante; la comunidad de nivel socioeconómico bajo tiene 19,5 m2 en tanto que la de nivel medio-alto tiene 108,2 m2. Ambos valores son superiores a los recomendados por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Sin embargo, esos espacios verdes no siempre son públicos; principalmente en la comunidad de nivel socioeconómico bajo. Por lo tanto, la tasa efectiva de área verde disponible por habitante podría ser menor.
Fortalezas y debilidades de las tutorías en educación universitaria a distancia: talleres con tutores de ciencias exactas y naturales en Costa Rica
Authors: Calderon Badilla Yency , Herrero Villareal Diana , Andrés Jiménez Carmen
Published: May 2019

En la educación a distancia, el sistema de tutorías es importante para guiar el proceso de aprendizaje, a través de evaluaciones diagnósticas, formativas y sumativas. Sin embargo, en algunos casos, las tutorías son subestimadas, y generan aislamiento y desorientación. Para mejorar las tutorías, hicimos dos talleres con tutores de una universidad a distancia en Costa Rica, y encontramos que las tutorías tradicionales y a distancia necesitan modificarse. Algunos tutores no están suficientemente capacitados en orientación y sufren de ausentismo y falta de familiaridad con algunos temas. Por otro lado, tienden a usar diferentes estrategias de motivación. Recomendamos el uso de otras tecnologías, como laboratorios virtuales o Second LifeTM y fortalecer los factores adminsitrativos.
Eficacia del tratamiento de aguas residuales de la Universidad de Costa Rica en la Sede de Occidente, San Ramón, Costa Rica
Authors: Barrantes Barrantes Edwin Alberto , Cartín Nuñez Melvin
Published: May 2019

El tratamiento de aguas residuales tiene por objetivo lograr que los efluentes de los procesos domésticos e industriales sean dis­puestos sin peligro para la salud humana y con la menor afectación po­sible para el ambiente. En Costa Rica el sistema de alcantarillado cubre solamente una parte de la población (menos del 25 %), por lo que mu­chos hogares, industrias e instituciones públicas y privadas poseen sus propios sistemas de tratamiento. En este trabajo se evaluó la eficiencia de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la Sede de Occidente de la Universidad de Costa Rica (PTAR-SO), pues existía la preocupación de que el mismo no estuviera cumpliendo con los parámetros estable­cidos por la legislación costarricense y con ello se estuviera afectando a la quebrada El Estero en San Ramón, Costa Rica. Durante un período de 12 meses, se llevó a cabo un monitoreo de la calidad del efluente, en el cual se midieron los nueve parámetros universales para las aguas residuales: Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigeno (DBO), Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO), Grasas y Aceites (GyA), Potencial Hidrógeno (pH), Sólidos Sedimentables (S.sed), Sustancias Activas al Azul de Metileno (SAAM), Temperatura (C°), Sólidos Suspendidos Totales (SST) y el Caudal (Q). Los resultados obtenidos del laboratorio permiten afirmar que la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales bajo estudio cumple con los parámetros permitidos por la legislación vinculante. Asimismo, al comparar los valores obtenidos, con los de otra planta de tratamien­to, más moderna y con mantenimiento y funcionamiento adecuando, no se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, excepto en S.sed y C°. Por lo tanto se concluye que la PTAR-SO cumple con los pa­rámetros establecidos en la legislación nacional, lo cual garantiza que no haya afectación significativa a ningún ecosistema, ni a la salud de las personas.
Poultry welfare in terms of poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) impact and control
Authors: Pavlicevic Аleksandar , Pavlovic Ivan , Ratajac Radomir , Popovic Danica , Davidovic Branislav , Krnjajic Dejan
Published: May 2019

Technological solutions and environmental conditions have a significant
impact on infestation intensity and the problems around D. gallinae control.
Changes in keeping laying hens in EU, in terms of D. gallinae influence,
have not led to the welfare of the layers. On the contrary, they have
contributed to the spreading of disease, have worsened conditions for
control and accentuated harmful consequences. Apart from the poultry, these
changes have also had a negative impact on the welfare of humans, through a
toxicological and zootonic risk, and economic damages. Conventional cages so
far provide the most appropriate environment for D. gallinae control.
Opportunities for improving, even solving the problem of D. gallinae control
in egg production do exist, however they require a changing the entire
approach hitherto.
Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in poultry feeds
Authors: Krnjaja Vesna , Petrovic Tanja , Stankovic Slavica , Lukic Milos , Skrbic Zdenka , Mandic Violeta , Bijelic Zorica
Published: May 2019

In this study, a total of 30 poultry (chicken and laying hens) feed samples
collected from different poultry farms in Serbia in 2016 were tested for
fungal and aflatoxin contamination. Using the plate count and standard
mycological methods, total fungal counts and potentially toxigenic fungal
genera were determined. Natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was
detected by ELISA (enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay) method. The total
fungal count was in the range from 1 x 102 (2 log CFU g-1) to 1.83 x 105 CFU
g-1 (5.26 log CFU g-1). The majority of the chicken feeds (78.57%) had the
total fungal count in the ranged from 1 x 102 to 4.8 x 104 CFU g-1, whereas
in 68.75% of the laying hens feeds it was ranged from 5.3 x 104 to 1.83 x
105 CFU g-1. In 21.43% of the chicken feeds fungal contamination reached the
level above the regulation limits. Three potentially toxigenic fungal
genera, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, have been identified. In the
tested poultry feed samples, more samples contaminated with Aspergillus were
determined compared to samples contaminated by Fusarium and Penicillium
species. The AFB1 was detected in concentrations from 1.34 to 18.29?g kg-1,
with an average of 4.47 and 4.56?g kg-1 in the chicken and laying hens feed
samples, respectively. In 14.29% of the chicken feeds, the level of AFB1 was
above the regulation limits. The obtained results confirmed the importance
of continuous mycological and mycotoxicological control of poultry feed, as
well as need to improve risk assessments of such contaminants along the food
chain.
Towards edible ionic liquids - cholinium taurate
Authors: Vranes Milan , Tot Aleksandar , Panic Jovana , Papovic Snezana , Gadzuric Slobodan , Cetojevic-Simin Dragana
Published: May 2019

In this work, the possibilities and benefits of using an ionic liquid as a potential dietary supplement are presented and discussed for the first time. Ionic liquids prevent the development of microorganisms due to high ion concentration and thus, prevent perishability of the food products. Thermal stability, structure, as well as the experimental density and viscosity in the temperature range from 20 to 50?C and at the atmospheric pressure 1x105 Pa of newly synthesized cholinium taurate ionic liquid, [Chol][Tau], are determined. According to the performed physicochemical characterization, it can be concluded that the synthesized ionic liquid is suitable for application in the food industry. The temperature variation of viscosity and density is discussed in terms of processes, packaging, and storage of [Chol][Tau]. Also, the antiproliferative activity of [Chol][Tau] is determined and compared with those obtained for ascorbic acid and Aspirin? as the standards.
Informatics literacy among first-year students of medicine, dentistry and pharmacy at the University of Nis in compliance with European Computer Driving Licence
Authors: Visnjic Aleksandar , Visnjic Jelena , Milosavljevic Natasa , Markovic Roberta , Jovanovic Tamara
Published: May 2019

Introduction/Objective. Having taken into account the complex role of students and teachers participating in the global education system and the creation of European Higher Education Framework, it was necessary to perform research on Informatics Literacy (IL). Therefore, our aim was to analyze IL of the students including the knowledge of each of the four core modules and two standard European Computer Driving Licence modules, as well as to propose measures to improve students? IL. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of therapy with stabilizing occlusal splint in the control of painful symptoms of TMD in comparison with the effect of drug therapy. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study during 2015/2016 at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, and included 292 first year students. Parts of the questionnaire that related to the self-assessment, as well as the test of knowledge in Informatics, modeled after the ECDL consisted of questions from six thematic sections. Results. The study included 88 male (30.1%) and 204 female (69.9%) students. The computer is mostly used for the Internet (69.5%), then for entertainment (24.3%), and seldom for data processing programs (6.2%). Medical students showed higher level of knowledge of all six modules (p < 0.001). Male students also had higher level of IL (OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.20?0.73). Students who completed high school showed better IL compared to students who completed secondary medical school (OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.18?0.66). Education of parents and monthly income had no impact on students? IL. Conclusion. IL of students is not satisfactory. It is necessary to modify the Informatics curriculum according to European standards and to introduce the course to all study groups.
Elderly dependence. Longitudinal approach to risk factors
Authors: Bergouignan Christophe
Published: May 2019

The evolution of elderly dependence may be seen as a bunch of events
sequences. This global approach by cohort, leads to a chain of conditionnal
risks. Their scale is function of some main events and several variables
which value is stable after 65 years old. Some of those main events are
called endogeneous (steps of dependence evolution for example) because the
probability of their occurrence grows with the occurrence of an earlier
studied event and some others are called exogeneous (transformations of
matrimonial status for example) because the probability of their occurrence
is a priori independent of an earlier studied event. In that way, all
exogeneous phenomenon is supposed to be risk factor to an endogeneous
phenomenon, and several endogeneous phenomena are supposed to be risk
factors to other endogeneous phenomena. The suggested system forms a dynamic
resonance between risks scale and their realization, leading elderly to the
largest dependence. The associated growth of vulnerability and dependence is
patterned considering all cares which adequation is estimated with their
ability to curb the autonomy loss process. Demographic analysis toolkits are
a way to build a network of stacked probabilities tables which are functions
of time flown since exogeneous or endogeneous studied events and potential
cares have occured. The subdivision of cohorts along exogeneous variables
which value is stable after 65 years old, gives them the best homogeneity
attainable. The determination of datas required for this work is disputed
considering the essential exactness, the delay before the first results, the
continuously of observation and the costs of collection. Qualities of the
different type of surveys conceivables (retrospective or prospective) and
their sample base are examinated. Abilities of the use of large admistration
data bases and the conditions for extrapolations beyond the population of
aged registred in those files, are also considered. Then some criteria to
form information systems about elderly dependence and its factors are
suggested.
On microeconomic theory of fertility
Authors: Mijatovic Bosko
Published: May 2019

A review of the microeconomic theory of fertility according to the tradition
of Gary Becker is given in the text. The static model is presented in the
first part, the dynamic in the second, and the third part deals with
decision making within the family on the basis of the theory of games. The
microeconomic theory of fertility offers a contribution to the understanding
of fertility in two ways: the first is the theoretical-methodological
standpoint that birth is the outcome of decision making on the level of the
individual, along with their maximizational behavior; the second is the
involvement of economic variables among the factors which explain births.
Economists deeply believe that individualistic, rational and maximizational
behavior of the individual is an imperative basis for considering human
reactions and that it is a methodological approach which is superior to the
alternative. This approach to social phenomena, without reducing complex
motives of the individual (and family) to exclusively economic ones, finds a
wide response in other social sciences, among them and in demography. Not
only is the technical, formal elegancy and refined approach in question, but
also strong insights into the real behavior of people. On the other hand,
the strength of the influences of economic factors on birth is always
susceptible to discussions, just as any other empirical question. This
influence certainly exists, and economists are, perhaps inclined to impute
greater significance to it than what is realistic.
Behavior and attitudes of adolescents relevant to their reproductive health
Authors: Sedlecki Katarina
Published: May 2019

Increase in adolescent sexual activity is a phenomenon noticed in modern
societies, as well as in Serbia. The sexual activity reveals new health
related problems, in relation to the unpremeditated pregnancies and sexually
transmitted diseases. Reproductive health is vulnerable especially in case
of persons having first sexual experiences being adolescent, what could be
explained by the physical immaturity and psychosocial infirmity to be
responsible in sexual behaviour. The study of 300 sexually active adolescent
women aged 19, attending The Youth Advisory Center of The Mother and Child
Health Care Institute of Serbia was conducted between 1995 - 1997. The aim
of this study was to evaluate how much the reproductive health in this
population was endangered, by analyzing their sexual behavior, their
attitudes in the spheres of sexuality and reproduction, as well as some
variables of social microenvironments that might be relevant to adolescent
sexual behavior. Questionnaire included investigation of youth opinion about
some acceptable social measures in this field. According to the results of
this study the adolescents reproductive health is seriously endangered.
Interwieved adolescent females most frequently used traditional birth
control methods, like coitus interruptus (54,3%), and often didn't think
about the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted disesase (with new sexual
partner the regular condom use was reported only in case of 55,6% girls).
Adolescent girls had also poor health behaviors so that 31,0% of interviewed
adolescent females visited gynecologist for the first time not earlier than
one to three years after their first sexual experience. That resulted in
large number of unplanned pregnancies (16,0% of interwieved girls had one or
more induced abortions) and, possibly, a high prevalence of sexually
transmitted infections. The model of sexual behavior, that was accepted by
adolescent females was partly due to the lack of adolescents knowledge about
sexuallity, contraception and sexually transmitted diseases. Improper were
the main sources of relevant knowledge (peers, parents, mass media),
therefore, youth had many misconceptions in this sphere (about the
harmfulness of modern contraception, reliability of coitus interruptus
method, lack of risk for sexually transmitted diseases transmission). The
social adolescent sexual and reproductive health programme doesn't exist in
Serbia. Parents of adolescent females were passive, and school and health
care workers are not engaged in these matters enough. The possibility for
social intervention programme exists, because young people were willing to
improve their knowledge about sexuality and reproduction (83,3%) mostly by
sex education in schools (51,0%) and through mass media (33,3%). The most
appreciated sources of relevant knowledge would be physicians (67,0%), from
whom they expect to have time and patience for them and their problems
(91,3%).
Reproductive rights: Legal aspects of the right to sterilisation
Authors: Mujovic-Zornic Hajrija
Published: May 2019

In this paper the author discusses the nature and importance of the right to
reproduce, in particular the right to sterilisation. In the time past
sterilization has been practiced only as a measure of penal policy or the
prevention of mental health diseases. Today, mostly we can speak about the
right to sterilization (especially reversible sterilization). The patient
have a free choice to decide any method of contraception and that could be a
voluntary sterilization (also called human, contraceptive, non-therapeutical
in French law, and obliging in German law). Various legal questions about
this right can be raised, in accordance of state of reproductive rights (how
they are regulated by the law) and the protection of reproductive rights
(especially the right of pregnant woman as a patient). Yugoslav law not yet
has a complete regulation and adequate solutions in this area, except the
abortion law. The primary gynecology care has contraceptive counseling, but
concrete measures and education are insufficient. It cannot begin to give
consistent answers to all of these questions without a coherent conception
of the right to reproduce, which is the primary duty of legal experts.
Fertility transition in works of Albanian authors from Kosovo and Metohia
Authors: Predojevic Jelena
Published: May 2019

A high level of fertility indicates that the reproductive model with elements
of traditional type, characterized by a long period of birth-giving during
the reproductive period, as well as a considerable participation of higher
confinement order, is still present in Kosovo and Metohia. A large number of
Albanian authors from Kosovo and Metohia believe such a state, which is
directly caused by the undeveloped condition of the Province in the social,
economic, medical, cultural and other senses, is due to historical
conditions in which the population developed, especially of Albanian
nationality, namely the way of life in which the oldfashioned spirit
prevails and the traditional system of values. A very significant place
within the psychological factors of fertility is taken by tradition, whose
influence is manifested through the determination of the age of the married
couple when getting married, the stability of the marriage, negative
attitude on celibacy, moreover the relation of tradition and birth giving
towards the sex of the child, as well as the tie between tradition and
religion. The position of women in the family and society takes a
significant place, because the inferior position of the women contributes to
the fact that she becomes the "guardian of tradition", namely that she
provides the continuity of the old fashioned way of life even though its
values are turned against the actual women. It may be said the there is a
consensus among the Albanian authors from Kosovo and Metohia that the slow
transition of fertility is due the most to the unfavorable socio-economic
position of the population. The Province of all parts of SFR Yugoslavia went
the last into the process of urbanization and industrialization, while as
stated, the scope and tempo of those processes was insufficient for them to
significantly influence the demographic complex change and social state in
general. It is also stated that if an intensive economic development of
Kosovo and Metohia was carried out, the level of natality would be decreased
in a considerably shorter time than what other parts of the country
succeeded. Family planning is a field which provoked the most polemics among
Albanian authors from Kosovo and Metohia. The themes which stood out
according to importance may be divided in three groups: what is understood
by family planning, what are the reasons for adopting and carring out the
family planning program, and what are the possible ways of carrying our
these programs. Two groups of researchers may also be singled out. The first
which believes that reproductive conscience is determined by society
modernization factors, namely that family planning is solved only in
conjuction with economic and social development of the Province, and the
other group of authors which believes that socio-economic development is a
necessary condition, however, society should direct actions in order to
develop certain social activities and provide conditions for carrying out
the rights of man to free parenthood and family planning programs.
Basic tendencies in demographic development of rural population and revitalization - related issues
Authors: Radovanovic Svetlana
Published: May 2019

The end result of the complex and contradictory processes taking place in the
village and agriculture throughout the period since the Second World War is
depopulation and persistent crisis in agriculture. Mass relocation of rural
population to cities and transition from agricultural to non-agricultural
activities has had ? series of negative demographic, sociological, cultural,
economic and even political consequences. Note that all basic tendencies
observed in rural population of Serbia (except in Kosovo and Metohia) are
unfavourable. They have weakened the overall demographic development and are
reasonably expected to persist. The seriousness of the demographic problem
caused by relocation of rural population is aggravated by many years of
insufficient child bearing and open depopulation. Hence, ? negative growth
in natural (except in Kosovo and Metohia) and migration components makes the
tum of the century the time of major demographic disturbances with
potentially destructive consequences, and eventually jeopardizing our
community in general.
Rural settlements in Yugoslavia: Their number, spatial distribution and structure by demographic size
Authors: Stevanovic Radoslav
Published: May 2019

The paper analyzes rural settlements in the FR of Yugoslavia and its major
regions (Montenegro, central Serbia, Vojvodina, as well as Kosovo and
Metohia): their number and structure by demographic size in 1991 relative to
1948 (at the level of major regions), as well as the average size and
density of population in 1991 (at the level of communes). The analysis
presented shows ? continued gradual process of differentiation of
settlements, not only b? the main social and historical differentiation
(rural - urban) but also within the settlement category with rural
characteristics. This differentiation was caused not only b? the physical
and geographical specifics and the inherited social and historical
characteristics, but also b? very significant changes in the main population
flows (process of depopulation, spatial and demographic polarization, etc.).
The above differences are less pronounced in Vojvodina and in Kosovo and
?etohia, and more in Montenegro and central Serbia. The common feature of
rural settlements in all four m???r regions (the absolute majority of
communes in the FR of Yugoslavia), in the period from 1948 to 1991, is ?
strong upward tendency in population decline due to long-term migratory
movements and unfavorable trends in natural movement (rapid decline in
fertility and increase in mortality), except in the majority of communes in
Kosovo and Metohia. This has, among other things, led to ? very rapid
increase in the number of small (dwarf) rural settlements, most of which are
under threat of demographic extinction, as well as to ? pronounced decline
in the population size of ? growing number of rural settlements, which is
likely to continue in the near future.
The Kinney Three Paragraphs (and More) for Accounting Ph.D. Students
Authors: Kinney William R.
Published: May 2019

SYNOPSIS

This Commentary is intended to help beginning Ph.D. students identify, evaluate, and communicate essential components of proposed empirical accounting research using a three-step process. The first step is a structured top-down approach of writing answers to three related questions—What, Why, How—that emphasize the central role of conceptual thinking in research design, as well as practical relevance. The second step is a predictive validity assessment that anticipates concerns likely to arise in the scholarly review process, and the third is consideration of the likely outcome and potential problems to be encountered if the proposal is implemented as planned. First-hand accounts of Ph.D. student experiences using the three paragraphs and three-step approach are presented, along with an exercise that beginners can use to help themselves identify, analyze, and anticipate problems to improve chances for research success ex ante.
Multidimensional Audit Data Selection (MADS): A Framework for Using Data Analytics in the Audit Data Selection Process
Authors: No Won Gyun , Lee Kyungha (Kari) , Huang Feiqi , Li Qiao
Published: May 2019

SYNOPSIS

Advances in data analytics techniques allow auditors to process the entire population of transaction data to identify outliers (i.e., unusual/suspicious transactions) that are more likely to be subject to misstatement. However, these techniques often generate a large number of outliers, making it impractical for auditors to investigate them in their entirety when performing substantive tests. This study proposes a Multidimensional Audit Data Selection (MADS) framework that provides a systematic approach for auditors to use data analytics in the audit data selection process. The framework also addresses a common obstacle of applying data analytics to the entire population of data—dealing with a potentially large number of outliers. By identifying problematic items from the entire population using data analytics and then applying prioritization methodologies to the resulting items, this framework allows auditors to focus on items with a higher risk of material misstatement and ultimately enhance the effectiveness of the audit.
Prevention in Prison: The Diabetes Prevention Program in a Correctional Setting
Authors: Fine Alyssa , Gallaway M. Shayne , Dukate Angela
Published: May 2019

Purpose.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether an adaptation of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) could be successfully implemented in a correctional environment to promote weight loss, lower A1C, and improve other cardiometabolic outcomes.

Methods.

A quasi-experimental, staggered-start control study was conducted in a female and male federal correctional institution. Twenty-six male and 21 female incarcerated, overweight individuals with prediabetes or at high risk for developing diabetes were randomly assigned to two groups. Data were measured at 6-month intervals starting at baseline for 18 months. Group 1 participated in the 12-month Group Lifestyle Balance intervention program from baseline to 12 months. Group 2 served as a control group from baseline for 6 months and then completed the intervention program from months 6 to 18.

Results.

Participants were ethnically diverse and mostly >44 years of age. At baseline, members of the two study groups were not significantly different with regard to sex, race/ethnicity, age, or prediabetes status. About half of participants (51%) completed the program, with participants in group 1 significantly more likely to be completers (P <0.05). At 6 months, participants in the intervention group had significantly more weight loss on average (12 lb) than those in the control/delayed-start group (5 lb) (P <0.001). However, both groups (active intervention and control) experienced significant decreases in weight, BMI, triglycerides, and A1C levels after 6 months. In combined analysis, after the 12-month intervention, participants in both groups demonstrated significant decreases in BMI (P <0.001) and A1C (P <0.001) from baseline.

Conclusion.

The DPP may be an effective method for reducing the impact of diabetes in the correctional environment addressed. Larger studies should be conducted to confirm these outcomes. Study findings were affected by high attrition rates, primarily due to transfers and releases from the institution.