bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of perioperative high-protein nutritional support on the quality of life of patients with primary lung cancer: a Russian prospective multicenter comparative study (NUTRILUNC study)
Authors: Obukhova Olga A. , Kurmukov Ildar A. , Egofarov Nail M. , Kolesnichenko Mariya G. , Kirillov Yuriy V. , Povaga Svetlana S. , Belyaeva Natal’ya A. , Gordeeva Ekaterina V. , Perminov Yuriy V. , Skorokhod Andrey A. , Nefedov Andrey O. , Novitsky Dmitriy N. , Egofarov Timur N.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Individuals over the age of 70 comprise over half of operable patients with stage 0–IIIA lung cancer. In the early postoperative period of this cohort, pain, fatigue, insomnia, and/or mood disturbances are the four most common symptoms, which can significantly diminish quality of life and functional status. Perioperative nutritional support in such patients, which enhances exercise tolerance, can have a positive impact on their quality of life and socialization.
AIM: To assess the effect of perioperative nutritional support using high-protein oral nutrition supplements on the general health and quality of life of non-small cell lung cancer patients during the postoperative period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer (n=112, 69 males), aged 57.2±8.2, who were awaiting lung surgery and at risk of malnutrition (Nutritional Risk Screening Assessment 2002 score ≥3) were randomly assigned into two groups. Oral nutritional support (Nutridrink Compact Protein, Nutricia LLC) was administered to the study group (n=55) at a rate of 250 ml/d (36 g of protein, 612 kcal) for 14 days prior to and 14 days following the surgery, in addition to the standard diet. Control group patients (n=57) were provided a standard diet. The quality of life was assessed using the Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Differences were considered significant at p ≤0.05.
RESULTS: Throughout the entire observation period, the study group exhibited superior growth indicators in terms of general health status, physical, and role functioning than the control group (p 0.05). The study group patients exhibited a propensity toward improved emotional functioning, and by the end of the study, weakness and insomnia were less pronounced (p 0.05). Other indicators did not exhibit any significant variations.
CONCLUSION: Нigh-protein perioperative oral nutrition supplements exert a positive impact on the quality of life of non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Pharmacogenetic features of tramadol metabolism affecting the quality of postoperative analgesia in vascular surgery
Authors: Sokolov Dmitry A. , Ganert Andrey N. , Lyuboshevskiy Pavel A.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: The issue of the efficacy and safety of medications employed for postoperative analgesia has not been resolved to date. Insufficient analgesia constitutes one of the primary risk factors for developing cardiovascular complications postoperatively. Tramadol is a medication that is frequently used for postoperative pain relief following minor and moderately traumatic operations. The biotransformation of this drug is considerably slowed by the presence of CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms G1846A and C100T, which play a significant role in its metabolism. In such patients, a decrease in the quality of postoperative analgesia can be anticipated, which will consequently lead to an increase in cardiac complications.
AIM: To assess the efficacy of a postoperative analgesia regimen based on tramadol and the incidence of cardiac complications during vascular operations depending on the presence/absence of polymorphisms of the CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms, an isoenzyme of cytochrome P-450.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An examination of 109 patients undergoing planned vascular surgery was conducted. The frequency of occurrence of polymorphisms G1846A and C100T of the CYP2D6 gene was determined. All patients were assessed for the severity of postoperative pain syndrome during activity and at rest using a visual analog scale on the first day following surgery. Cardiovascular complications that arose while the patients were in the hospital were documented. To assess the autonomic nervous system, patients underwent cardiointervalography.
RESULTS: Polymorphism G1846A was detected in 28 (25.7%), while C100T was detected in four (3.7%) patients. Patients without polymorphisms were included in group 1 (n=77). Patients with polymorphisms were assigned to group 2 (n=32). Pain syndrome at rest and during activity was higher in group 2 patients (p 0.05). The tension index before surgery did not differ between the groups; however, it was greater in group 2 patients after surgery (p 0.001). Cardiac complications were identified in 9.1% of group 1 and 18.8% of group 2 patients (p=0.20).
CONCLUSION: The frequency of polymorphisms G1846A and C100T of the CYP2D6 gene in patients who underwent vascular surgery was 29.4%. Such patients experienced pain syndrome of greater severity. The patient groups did not exhibit any significant differences in the frequency of cardiac complications.
Investigating the psychological and physiological responses to isolation and confinement using the THOR space analog simulation
Authors: Malpica Diego , Pico Nindre , Lozano Juan Esteban , Cortes Diego , Campos Cristhian , Bejarano Xiomara
Published: October 2024

This research investigates astronaut performance under simulated space conditions, using THOR, an analog astronaut training protocol, during a week-long confinement in an Analog Astronaut Training Center in Poland. Materials and Five participants, including four military and one civilian, underwent a week of isolation. Tests were conducted to assess heart rate variability –HRV–, psychological health, and sleep patterns. Data collection and analysis were standardized, with an alpha level of p < 0.05 and power of 80%. The study found reductions in fat percentage and weight, while muscle mass and water content remained stable. HRV showed significant changes. Increased sleep and state anxiety levels were noted, along with decreased cognitive abilities. Personality traits exhibited heightened hostility and social anxiety, culminating in psychological discomfort. HRV values were normal with variations likely due to stress. A significant correlation was found between mental performance andHRV, indicating potential influence of sleep on cognitive function during isolation. The study highlights the need for more research on the psychological and physiological implications of long-duration space missions and similar high-demand environments.
Brute Fact Cosmology and the Fundamentality of Consciousness
Authors: Schermbrucker Ben
Published: October 2024

What is the fundamental nature of the physical universe? This paper generates new insights into this question through examining how brute fact metaphysics intersects with our best cosmological theories of the universe’s origin. To do this, I first make the case that fundamental physical things are – by necessity – ontologically brute. Ontological bruteness, I maintain, provides a rationale for the counterfactual claim that there is no reason why a fundamental has one physical identity rather than another. The paper then gives an overview of modern cosmology. This empirically oriented analysis is enjoined to a metaphysical argument that – since science’s candidate fundamentals are impermissibly complex – we can appeal to brute fact metaphysics to meaningfully entertain the possibility of simpler fundamentals. The paper then investigates a particular simple fundamental I take to be most plausible: consciousness (understood as the intrinsic nature of matter). This discussion draws on cosmic-level evolution and panpsychism. While I remain agnostic about whether consciousness’ instantiation in fundamental-level physics and cosmology will be empirically verified, the paper draws attention to a number of emerging experimental paradigms that can – at least in principle – contribute to this project.
Social Metaphysics, Social Ontology and the Possibility of Social Reality
Authors: Bauwens Michaël
Published: October 2024

One of the emerging fields within analytic metaphysics is social ontology. This paper argues for a distinction between social metaphysics and social ontology in order to clear up some of the confusion that is plaguing the field. That terminological distinction has deep historical and philosophical roots which are relevant for the specific case of social reality. According to the proposed distinction, social metaphysics takes up the most fundamental questions pertaining to the very nature and being of social reality, whereas social ontology has the more specific task of drawing an inventory of social reality as it exists and elucidating the properties of its items and categories. The distinction itself is further specified as involving both abstraction and asymmetry. One can abstract from one domain while focusing upon the other, which is different from separating or isolating one domain from the other. There is an asymmetry between the two domains whereby social metaphysics enables and conditions social ontology, but not vice versa.
Big Data Analytics for Business Management: Driving Innovation and Competitive Advantage
Authors: Sridharlakshmi Narayana Reddy Bommu , Karanam Raghunath Kashyap , Boinapalli Narasimha Rao , Allam Abhishekar Reddy , Rodriguez Marcus
Published: October 2024

The study aims to investigate how Big Data Analytics may revolutionize modern business management by fostering innovation and providing a competitive edge. The study looks at the adoption rates, strategic implementation, and effects of Big Data Analytics on organizational performance indicators like revenue growth, customer acquisition, retention, and market share. It thoroughly evaluates the literature and case studies and analyzes future trends. The results highlight how businesses use BI tools, data visualization strategies, and advanced analytics capabilities to boost operational effectiveness and spur revenue growth. These developments highlight the growing use and strategic significance of big data analytics. However, to guarantee the appropriate and fair implementation of Big Data Analytics in company management practices, issues like data privacy and security concerns call for solid data governance frameworks and governmental interventions. The report offers insightful information and policy recommendations for businesses looking to use data-driven tactics to confidently and nimbly negotiate the challenges of the modern digital economy.
Crecimiento económico: Ecuador en el siglo XX
Authors: Naranjo Navas Cristian Paúl
Published: October 2024

Durante el siglo xx, Ecuador ha pasado por procesos de crecimiento económico que reflejan la situación interna como el contexto regional. El artículo realiza una revisión analítico-histórica del crecimiento económico medido en precios de 1970. Para el análisis se han considerado algunas variables: exportaciones, masa monetaria, gasto público (deuda pública) y devaluaciones. Estas variables, así como las políticas económicas adoptadas, son analizadas dentro del contexto político propio de cada periodo. El siglo se divide en una periodización que no se basa en los cambios políticos de la nación, sino en los procesos económicos, sean estos locales o regionales. Se ha encontrado que, a pesar de que, en términos generales, sigue los patrones de las políticas de la región, Ecuador mantuvo su modelo de crecimiento hacia afuera. Los datos de todo el siglo muestran que, mientras la región creció a un promedio anual de 4%, Ecuador lo hizo a 4.2%, sólo por debajo de Venezuela (5%), Brasil (4.7%) y Colombia (4.4%).
Перовскитные катализаторы для углекислотной конверсии метана. Краткий обзор
Authors: Худайбергенов Н. , Ергазиева Г. , Досумов К. , Анисова М. , Мамбетова М. , Макаева Н. , Алиев К. , Мендибай А. , Атаманов М.
Published: October 2024

В настоящем обзоре были проанализированы современные исследования влияния природы перовскитных каталитических систем на углекислотную конверсию метана (УКМ) и обсуждены возможные пути усовершенствования перовскитных катализаторов для производства синтез-газа из двух парниковых газов (CH4 и CO2). Установлено, что свойства и каталитическая активность перовскитных Ni, Fe, Co, La содержащих катализаторов варьируются в зависимости от используемого метода синтеза и присутствия промоторов, таких как ZrO2, CeO2, K2O и MgO. Показано, что наноструктурированные перовскитные катализаторы с дисперсными наночастицами металлов активной фазы обладают высокой реакционной способностью и устойчивы при повышенных температурах. Показано, что перовскиты LaNiO3 являются высокоэффективными катализаторами УКМ, а использование La2NiO4 в качестве прекурсора приводит к высокой каталитической активности. Перовскиты SrZrRuO3 показали высокую активность даже в экстремальных условиях высокой объемной скорости, что делает их перспективными катализаторами для УКМ. Различные катализаторы на основе перовскита демонстрируют высокие каталитические характеристики и стабильность в течение длительного времени без коксообразования.  В целом из литературного обзора следует, что необходимы дальнейшие исследования, чтобы оптимизировать физико-химические характеристики перовскитных катализаторов для УКМ. Катализаторы на основе перовскита потенциально могут сыграть значительную роль в сокращении выбросов парниковых газов – метана и углекислого газа.
PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIO-EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF SECOND CHANCE ADULT EDUCATION
Authors: Turzik Justin , Bodorikova Nina
Published: October 2024

In order to make the implementation of second chance education feasible, it is crucial to understand its socio-educational and philosophical foundations. This study focuses on the analysis of the key pillars that form the basis of alternative school education. Recognition of its philosophical perspectives is the starting point for integrating second chance education into educational systems. By giving adults a new chance to learn and develop their skills and personal development, it is possible to enhance the demonstration of their humanity, regardless of social background or previous experience. The submitted article aims to understand second chance education's transformative potential in relevant contexts. The object of this study is to provide a theoretical overview of the current state of empirical research on philosophical and socio-educational perspectives of second chance education.
DEVELOPING DIGITAL LITERACY IN THE SUBJECT OF CZECH AND LITERATURE AT PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Szulloova Aneta Zikmund , Vejvodova Jana
Published: October 2024

The paper explores digital education in the subject of Czech and literature at primary schools. Despite previous review of education focusing on digital competence in the Czech Republic, it appears that neither the digital literacy of primary school pupils nor the conditions for its development are yet optimal. Many teachers lack experience in this area, and the technical equipment of some schools is not ideal. Consequently, innovative digital education has often been slow to permeate school practice, in contrast to rapid technological progress.
РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПОЛІТИКИ GREEN DEAL У ЗАКОНОДАВСТВІ УКРАЇНИ: ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ТЕОРІЇ ТА ПРАКТИЧНОЇ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: Троцюк Ніна , Кононенко Анна
Published: October 2024

Метою статті є комплексне дослідження процесу впровадження політики Green Deal та її положень в національне законодавство в процесі євроінтеграції України до Європейського Союзу. Методи дослідження: основні результати роботи одержано за допомогою діалектичного методу, який дозволив дослідити рівень гармонізації українського законодавства в даному напрямку. У процесі аналізу законодавства України використано нормативний метод, системний та теоретичний метод надали змогу проаналізувати специфіку цілей та ефективності імплементації політики Green Deal у контексті євроінтеграції. Результати дослідження включають всебічну оцінку відповідності українського законодавства європейським стандартам Green Deal, виявлення ключових проблем та прогалин у реалізації екологічної політики, а також розробку рекомендацій для удосконалення правових і практичних механізмів. Обговорення зосереджене на порівнянні критичних аспектів європейських екологічних стандартів із екологічними стандартами України. Проаналізовано, як теоретичні моделі Green Deal втілюються на практиці в нашій державі, враховуючи специфіку національного законодавства, економічні та соціальні умови. Особливу увагу приділено виявленим розбіжностям і проблемам у правовій базі, перспективам подальшого вдосконалення законодавства та практичного його застосування, які сприятимуть успішному впровадженню Green Deal в Україні.
ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ: ДОСВІД І ВИКЛИКИ
Authors: Хом'яченко Світлана , Джура Владислава
Published: October 2024

Мета: на основі аналізу новел українського законодавства щодо правового регулювання господарської діяльності в умовах воєнного стану виявити недоліки та прогалини такого регулювання і запропонувати напрями для його вдосконалення. Методи дослідження: використано загальнонаукові (діалектичний, аналізу, синтезу, статистичний) та спеціальні методи дослідження (формально-юридичний, логіко-юридичний). Результати: окреслено та проаналізовано основні законодавчі зміни у сфері господарської діяльності. Розкрито законодавчі ініціативи та заходи державних органів і Президента України, спрямовані на регулювання та покращення діяльності суб’єктів господарювання під час дії воєнного стану. Виявлено проблеми, які перешкоджають розвитку підприємницької діяльності у період воєнного стану. Висунуто пропозиції для їх вирішення правовим шляхом. Обговорення: особливості господарської діяльності в умовах воєнного стану; повноваження Ради з питань підтримки підприємництва; заходи підтримки критично важливих підприємств; ризики діяльності суб’єктів господарювання, які надають послуги з організації і проведення азартних ігор; розширення видів господарської діяльності для військових частин ЗСУ; спрощення процедур оборонних закупівель; негативні фактори для розвитку підприємництва та правові способи їх усунення; продовження мораторію на банкрутство державних шахт та операторів системи розподілу електроенергії; впровадження нових положень до Кодексу України з процедур банкрутства, які запобігають банкрутству операторів критичної інфраструктури.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Evolution of Indigenous Education Policies in Colombia and Mexico and the Struggles for Decolonization and Pluriversality
Authors: Pérez-Marín Mónica , Cruz-Hernández Sergio , Rodríguez Ilia
Published: October 2024

This research on Indigenous educational policies (IEPs) in the postcolonial histories of Colombia and Mexico focuses on: 1) identifying key normative concepts encoded in IEPs adopted in national policymaking, 2) analyzing how the evolution of normative concepts relates to political tensions between state, Indigenous, and international actors, and 3) discussing how the evolution of IEPs expose achievements and obstacles to decolonial struggles to advance Indigenous rights and pluriversal knowledges.
A critical discourse analysis of laws and regulations adopted between1820 and 2020 in Mexico and Colombia shows a gradual and conflictive recognition of cultural and political rights, most recently through normative concepts like bilingualism, biculturalism, interculturalism, autonomy, and self-determination. These discursive shifts have operated, however, against the backdrop of ongoing political struggles of Indigenous peoples to demand that nation-states implement the agreements and principles enacted. This history of IEPs thus illuminates continuing tensions between the semiotic and material conditions of Indigenous communities as well as emerging practices of resistance and organization that may carry implications for further policy development.
Asian Development Bank and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank – is cooperation possible?
Authors: Smolaga Mateusz
Published: October 2024

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a well-known financial institution operating in the Asia-Pacific region since 1966. The rise of this multilateral organization was sponsored mainly by Japan, for which, no doubt, it is still an important instrument of external policy. However, nowadays the ADB constitutes 67 members (48 regional and 19 non-regional), including PR China. With an impressive budget (ca. $20 billion) and focus areas ranging from social development to information technologies, the ADB is an important source of development funding.
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is a rather new initiative, only opening up for business in January 2016. Based in Beijing, it is a multilateral organization comprising 57 founding members (37 regional members and 20 nonregional partners), excluding Japan and the United States. The creation of the AIIB is a reaction to the fiasco of the transformation of global financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. China’s intentions in initiating the AIIB are clearly something other than altruism. It might be seen as part of a win-win economic cooperation strategy that could benefit both regional and national development processes. Like the ADB, the AIIB focuses on the development of infrastructure and other productive sectors in the Asia-Pacific region.
The question is, should we anticipate strong rivalry between these two institutions, as political realism would suggest, or will the ADB and the AIIB find a way to offer their best to the Asia- Pacific countries without any major conflict?
Constructing a desired image of China: Picture of territorial controversies in Chinese language textbooks
Authors: Wardęga Joanna
Published: October 2024

China is one of the Asian countries, whose borders are contested by different actors on the geopolitical stage, who do not agree on the Chinese version of geography. As China is strengthening its soft power, one of the tools for the spreading of the Chinese version of the map of Asia are textbooks for teaching the Chinese language. Since 2004 China has been setting up Confucius Institutes around the world to spread its language and culture. There are some concerns and controversies arousing around Confucius Institutes, seen as Chinese government-backed institutions present on Western universities, and questions about their role in creating Chinese soft power.
The purpose of this article is to understand one aspect of language education, that is how the Chinese territory is shown to the students of the Chinese language in the textbooks that are used in the Confucius Institutes.
Thermal engineering and chemical kinetics of wood pellets torrefication
Authors: Valineeva Anna A. , Popov Stanislav K.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The widespread distribution and availability of biomass in the regions of Russian Federation make it possible to consider it as a renewable energy source with a lower negative impact on the environment compared to fossil fuels, since biomass is recognized as a carbon-neutral fuel. The use of biomass as a fuel in the form of pellets is increasing, which provides increased density and heat value. At the same time, pellets as a fuel or as a technological raw material have a significant disadvantage – low hydrophobicity. This problem is solved by torrefaction – low-temperature pyrolysis at a temperature of 200–300°C to produce bio-carbon. The study of the wood pellets torrefaction in order to improve it is an urgent task. Aim. To identify the impact of the parameters of the torrefaction of wood pellets on the thermal characteristics of the product (the highest heat value of bio-coal) and the regime parameters of the process (mass and energy yields), as well as to determine the parameters of the chemical kinetics of low-temperature pyrolysis as the basis for mathematical modeling and development of efficient torrefaction reactors. Object. Torrefied coniferous wood pellets of domestic production (Moscow region). Methods. Experimental study of the low-temperature pyrolysis thermal characteristics; synchronous thermal analysis in an inert atmosphere. Results. It was found that during the torrefaction of wood pellets in an inert atmosphere, a change in the holding time in the range of 30–60 minutes does not significantly affect the higher heat value, mass and energy yield of bio-coal, while an increase in temperature from 250 to 300°C reduces mass and energy yield, and the higher heat value increases by 26%. The dynamics of mass loss and thermal effects when heated to 600°C at a rate of 10 K/min are determined by means of the synchronous thermal analysis. It is established that the chemical kinetics of the process is described by a generalized reaction of the order n=1.507, in the Arrhenius equation the activation energy E=71.25 kJ/mol, the pre-exponential factor A=4772 s–1.
Progress on clay swelling inhibitors: a comprehensive review
Authors: Al-obaidi Sofyan Sameer , Evan Dasi , Kharlamov Sergey N.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. It is known that swelling of a well wall due to the presence of water negatively affects drilling operations, causing a significant increase in their material costs. The use of various inhibitors prevents this effect and the drilling mud reacting on wellbore narrowing. In this sense, the problems of developing polymer, amino-, ionic liquid and shale inhibitors of surfactants considered in the article are very relevant and of practical interest to oil engineers in terms of the prospects for fundamental and applied researches of these issues. Aim. To study the possibilities of existing approaches and methods that determine the characteristics of the main clay swelling inhibitors, the regularities of changes in the properties of traditional and non-traditional clay materials, as well as the mechanisms of clay swelling with the identification of the most characteristic group of these inhibitors. Object. Processes of minimizing the effect of wall narrowing as a result of exposure to inhibitors. Methods. Systematic, critical and comprehensive analysis of modern data on clay swelling inhibition in the field of drilling muds. Results. The authors have carried out the detailed analysis of clay swelling. The paper discusses the characteristics of inhibitors required to prevent swelling, in the structure of which nitrogen and ionic liquids are contained. It is noted that a high-quality clay swelling inhibitor should include in its base a water-soluble bulk molecule with a distinct hydrophobic and hydrophilic structure; have characteristics, which allow replacing the hydrated cations of the intermediate layer with some hydrophobic cations, such as ammonium ions instead of sodium ions; differ in the ability to disperse multiple cations well. It was found that functional groups that support inhibitor binding to the siloxane groups of the clay are able to significantly expand clay swelling.
Impacto do método de dimensionamento e parâmetros de projeto em sistemas prediais de esgoto sanitário
Authors: Fioramonte Bruna , Ferreira da Silva Neto Dary , Prado Abreu Reis Ricardo
Published: October 2024

O dimensionamento dos sistemas prediais de esgoto sanitário, conforme norma ABNT NBR 8160:1999 permite a aplicação de dois métodos distintos: o método de Unidades Hunter de Contribuição (UHC) e o método hidráulico. Este artigo apresenta uma análise comparativa entre os resultados obtidos pela aplicação de ambos os métodos na determinação do diâmetro das tubulações que compõem o sistema predial de esgoto sanitário. Foram feitas avaliações abrangendo três diferentes ambientes sanitários, simulados em uma edificação residencial, dotada de uma unidade habitacional por pavimento, considerando 4, 8, 12, 16 e 20 pavimentos-tipo. No estudo proposto, foram analisados os dimensionamentos dos ramais de descarga e de esgoto, tubos de queda, subcoletores e coletores prediais. Foi constatada a recorrência do método de dimensionamento UHC em determinar diâmetros superiores àqueles definidos pelo método hidráulico, indicando a tendência de superdimensionamento das tubulações. Os resultados mostraram ainda, a ocorrência de situações que indicam a necessidade de adequações nas normativas e padrões de fabricação de aparelhos e acessórios sanitários, sobretudo na aplicação do método hidráulico.
Does wearing facemasks during small animal surgery reduce the incidence of surgical site infections?
Authors: Bartlett Alexander
Published: October 2024

Question
In small animals undergoing theatre-based surgical procedures does having all theatre personnel masked, compared with not having all theatre personnel masked, result in a reduced incidence of surgical site infections?
 
Clinical bottom line
The category of research question was:
Incidence.
 
The number and type of study designs that were critically appraised were:
Zero. No records relevant to the PICO question were retrieved from the literature search.
 
Critical appraisal of the selected papers meeting the inclusion criteria collectively provide zero/weak/moderate/strong evidence in terms of their experimental design and implementation:
Zero.
 
The outcomes reported are summarised as follows…
There is no published evidence specific to small animals that assesses the effect of wearing facemasks during surgical procedures on the rate of postoperative surgical site infections.
 
In view of the strength of evidence and the outcomes from the studies the following conclusion is made…
In small animals undergoing theatre-based surgical procedures, there is no published evidence evaluating the effect of having all theatre personnel masked compared with not having all theatre personnel masked on the incidence of surgical site infections. However, this lack of evidence should not be interpreted as lack of efficacy.
THE EFFECT OF SPUTTERING TEMPERATURE OF TiO2/ITO-PEN PHOTOANODES IN DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL
Authors: Ma'arifah Alfiatul , Sholeha Nabella , Nurhamidah Millah , Diningsih Ridha , Pujiarti Herlin
Published: October 2024

Currently, the world is facing a major crisis related to the lack of sustainable, safe, and environmentally friendly energy resources. Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC), another name for third-generation solar cells, have gained a lot of interest due to ease of production, cheapness, and environmental friendliness. The photoanode is among DSSC's most crucial components. In this research, the active layer on the TiO2 photoanode was optimized to improve the efficiency of the DSSC. The active layer was deposited using Radio Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering on an Indium tin oxide-polyethylene naphthalate (ITO-PEN) substrate. The sputtering temperature was varied to 25, 80, 120, and 160℃ for one hour. The thin film TiO2/ITO-PEN photoanode will be characterized by means of X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and solar simulator. The XRD analysis shows that the best crystal size is 14.55 nm for a sputtering temperature of 80℃. According to the UV-Vis data, optical absorption increases with increasing sputtering temperature. The wavelength range where the absorption peak occurs is 252–465 nm, and the smallest value of the energy gap is found at a sputtering temperature of 25℃ with a value of 3.02 eV. For the TiO2/ITO-PEN thin layer, the maximum efficiency was achieved at 0.12% at a sputtering temperature of 25°C.
Key Considerations: Female Genital Mutilation Among Sudanese Displaced Populations in Egypt
Authors: Marouf Meral , Palmer Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a deeply entrenched cultural practice involving the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It is recognised as a severe violation of human rights. Worldwide, four million girls are subjected to this practice each year, with four in ten FGM survivors living in fragile and conflict-affected countries.1 The practice of FGM is addressed in UN Sustainable Development Goal 5.3. This goal aims to eliminate all harmful practices including FGM and child, early, and forced marriage by 2030 – including among those living in crisis-affected areas and/or those forcibly displaced. Countries hosting refugees, asylum-seekers and other migrants must ensure that national strategies to address FGM are relevant and appropriate to the diverse populations that countries have a responsibility to protect. These strategies must also consider additional vulnerabilities such populations may have, related to conflict and displacement. This SSHAP Brief focuses on the context of FGM for Sudanese populations in Egypt who currently make up the largest group of forcibly displaced people (refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants) there since the escalation of armed conflict in Sudan in April 2023. Both Egypt and Sudan have some of the highest rates of FGM in the world. This brief reviews the FGM context and anti-FGM programming developments in both countries. It considers the drivers and dynamics of FGM practices in the context of forced displacement to inform culturally sensitive strategies for FGM prevention and response for forcibly displaced Sudanese people in Egypt. It draws on academic and grey literature as well as consultations with experts working with affected populations in Egypt.
Mindful parenting and irrational beliefs of Turkish gifted students’ parents
Authors: Güçyeter Şule , Şanal Karahan Faika , Aktuğ Seydi
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is twofold, to examine gifted students’ parents’ (n=202) irrational belief levels and the level of mindful parenting, and to investigate whether or not gifted students’ parents’ irrational belief levels explain the parents’ level of mindful parenting. The results showed that the level of mindful parenting was not low and the level of irrational beliefs of the parents were not high. There was no significant difference between the total scores of the Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (MIPQ) and subscale scores that took into account the variables of parents’ educational background and monthly income level. Mothers' scores were significantly higher than fathers’ in one subscale of the MIPQ. With regards to the parents’ monthly income level and educational background variables, significant differences were obtained in the level of total and subtest scores of Parents' Irrational Beliefs Scale (PIBS). The total MIPQ and PIBS scores of the parents showed a significant negative low correlation, and total PIBS scores explained a 4.56% variance in MPIQ scores. As parents' irrational belief levels decrease, levels of mindful parenting increase. In addition, one of the variables that explains mindful parenting is the irrational beliefs of parents.
Legislacyjne ekoutopie. Postantropocentryczne rewolucje w prawie
Authors: Brzozowski Bartłomiej
Published: October 2024

Artykuł dotyczy analizy projektów legislacyjnych, które konceptualizują relację między ludźmi a naturą w sposób nieznany europejskim regulacjom prawnym. Autor, analizując Uniwersalną Deklarację Praw Matki Ziemi, stara się wykazać, że jest to dokument, który może być podstawą do budowania nowych ludzko-pozaludzkich wspólnot. Ewa Domańska zwraca uwagę, że „nowa humanistyka” próbuje znaleźć impulsy do tworzenia projektów „realistycznych i odpowiedzialnych utopii” w sztuce. Mają one być propozycjami alternatywnych układów społecznych. Autor rozpoczyna artykuł od zagadnienia prawa jako tekstu kultury. Stara się wykazać, że tego typu teksty również mogą być postrzegane jako przykłady mających potencjał krytyczny utopii. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej przedstawiono relację między teorią prawa a studiami kulturowymi, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem konsekwencji wynikających z poszerzenia metodologicznego pola prawoznawstwa o założenia cultural studies. Następnie omówiona została kategoria utopii. Autor, inspirując się pracami Domańskiej i Magdaleny Matysek-Imielińskiej, przedstawia wartość myślenia utopijnego we współczesnej kulturze. Ostatnia część artykułu dotyczy analizy jednej z „legislacyjnych ekoutopii”, czyli Uniwersalnej Deklaracji Praw Matki Ziemi.
El blanqueo del producto de la violación empresarial de derechos humanos. Prohibición y criminalización
Authors: Dopico Gómez-Aller Jacobo
Published: October 2024

Violaciones de derechos humanos como el trabajo forzoso o esclavo se perpetúan en la medida en que los Estados permitan que el producto de estos crímenes sea comercializado y entre en sus mercados. En este trabajo se analizan los avances en la prohibición y criminalización de la comercialización del producto de la violación de derechos humanos, las vías para su represión penal bajo el derecho vigente y diversas propuestas legislativas para mejorar su persecución y homogeneizarla en el plano internacional.
Ética jurídica y filosofía política. Homenaje Eusebio Fernández García
Authors: Delgado Rojas Jesús Ignacio
Published: October 2024

El homenaje al profesor Eusebio Fernández García, celebrado el 3 de julio de 2024 en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, conmemoró su trayectoria tras casi 50 años de enseñanza en Filosofía del Derecho y Filosofía Política. Reconocido por su labor académica, Fernández ha dirigido múltiples tesis doctorales y publicado 10 monografías, más de 150 artículos y coeditado 7 libros. En el evento, colegas y discípulos discutieron su influencia en temas propios de la Filosofía del Derecho, la Filosofía Política, la Ética jurídica y la teoría de los derechos humanos. La jornada culminó con la presentación de la reedición de su obra Teoría de la Justicia y Derechos Humanos, reafirmando su legado académico y filosófico.
Quantifying the weights of sensory influences on postural control across development
Authors: Schmuckler Mark A.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: This study examined the weighting of multisensory and anthropometric factors in driving children’s and adult’s postural control.
METHOD: A data set was created by aggregating individual participants’ postural stability measures from four target studies, employing participants ranging in age from 3 to 11 years, along with young adults. Using a meta-regression approach, this aggregate data set was then predicted from dummy codings of the including visual, haptic, and proprioceptive sensory inputs manipulated in these studies, as well as the anthropometric factor of participant height. Two forms of coding regimens were examined – one capturing simple presence versus absence of sensory sources, and one quantifying the degree of stability provided by sensory sources.
RESULTS: The results of this study revealed that proprioceptive input had the strongest impact on stability, followed by roughly equivalent visual and haptic inputs, and finally anthropometric factors. Developmentally, this pattern of findings was stable by 5- to 7-years of age. Although both coding schemes predicted posture, the degree of stability coding scheme provided consistently superior predictions.
INTERPRETATION: These findings are discussed with respect to a multicomponential approach to postural control, a framework that emphasizes the importance of multiple component factors in characterizing complex behavior.
Bacterial Profiles and Antibiotic Resistance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Exacerbation and Type 2 Respiratory Failure at Adam Malik General Hospital
Authors: Lia Mutia Annisa  , Fajrinur Syarani  , Andika Pradana  , Erna Mutiara
Published: October 2024

Highlights:1. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of various factors such as age, sex, education, occupation, BMI, and comorbidities, and their relationship with bacterial infections in COPD patients experiencing exacerbation and type 2 respiratory failure.2. While the COPD patients experiencing exacerbation did not exhibit resistance to linezolid and vancomycin, they demonstrated specific antibiotic resistance patterns characterized by high resistance rates to commonly used antibiotics such as meropenem and amikacin.3. The findings enhance the understanding of the complex interplay of factors influencing infection patterns in this patient population.
 
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent condition characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. Bacterial infections may trigger COPD exacerbations, leading to more severe symptoms as well as increased morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial profiles and antibiotic resistance in COPD patients who had experienced exacerbation and type 2 respiratory failure at Adam Malik Central General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. This retrospective study utilized medical records spanning from January 1, 2020, to December 1, 2022. The sample included patients aged 40–90 years who had experienced COPD exacerbation and type 2 respiratory failure. The exclusion criteria were patients who had received antibiotic therapy within 48 hours before admission, were severely immunocompromised, and had severe malignancy. The analysis results were presented in the form of means, standard deviations, and frequency distributions. Additionally, an analysis of the relationship between the categorical variables was performed using the Chi-squared test (p<0.05). The study analyzed 25 subjects with an average age of 63.6 years, primarily consisting of men (84%). It was shown that severe exacerbations were prevalent (92%), accompanied by the presence of common comorbidities including pneumonia (52%), diabetes mellitus (32%), and other non-communicable diseases (44%). Bacterial growth was observed in 76% of the subjects, predominantly involving Gram-negative bacteria (89.4%). Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.1%) were the most frequently isolated species. The antibiotic resistance patterns indicated that meropenem and amikacin had the highest resistance rates (100%). Cefepime, ertapenem, and gentamicin exhibited notable resistance rates of 66.7%, 66.7%, and 75.0%, respectively. This study highlights the high prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria and significant antibiotic resistance in COPD patients who exhibit exacerbation and type 2 respiratory failure.
Sexual Abuse and Neglect during Childhood are Associated with an Increased Prevalence of Mental Health Problems among University Students in Surakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Ni Putu Dian Apriandary  , Muthmainah Muthmainah , Rohmaningtyas Hidayah Setyaningrum  , Debree Septiawan
Published: October 2024

Hihglights:
1. This study reiterates the long-term negative impact of childhood trauma on young adults' mental health.2. This study contributes to the prevention of mental disorders through the identification of risk factors associated with mental health problems.
 
Abstract
The prevalence of mental health problems is a global public health concern. Young adults, such as university students, are highly vulnerable to the onset of mental health problems due to biological, psychological, and social factors. In particular, abusive and traumatic experiences during childhood may increase the risk of developing mental health problems during adulthood. The prevalence of child abuse cases in Indonesia is concerning. This abuse includes physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, in addition to neglect. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the occurrence of mental disorder symptoms during young adulthood and the preceding child abuse. A total of 191 undergraduate students in Surakarta, Indonesia, participated in this study. The participants completed the Child Abuse and Trauma Scale (CATS) for the evaluation of maltreatment experienced during childhood and adolescence as well as the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) for the measurement of mental health problem symptoms. The association of the degree of child abuse and trauma with mental health problems was analyzed using a logistic regression test, which was selected because the dependent variable (mental health problems) had binary outcomes. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. We found that 33% of the participants reported mental health problems. In addition, sexual abuse and neglect were found to be associated with mental health problems. The analysis of the sexual abuse variable revealed a statistically significant value of p=0.03, an odds ratio (OR) of 1.39, and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.03-1.88. Additionally, the analysis of the neglect variable yielded comparable results with values of p=0.03, OR=1.26, and 95% CI=1.02-1.55. Our findings suggest that child abuse, particularly sexual abuse and neglect, may have a long-term deleterious impact on an individual’s mental health.
Telemedicina como protagonista na inserção de novas tecnologias em saúde
Authors: Pinho Andreza Ribeiro , Reges Antônio Sérgio de Aguiar , Vieira Ana Emília Souza de Holanda
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A telemedicina amplia os atendimentos clínicos e possibilita ações educacionais e administrativas a partir da introdução dos meios de telecomunicação. Objetivos: Promover maior entendimento sobre o funcionamento da telemedicina, suas possibilidades e dificuldades de implementação, além de vantagens nas práticas de saúde advindas, especialmente, com a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Foi feita revisão de literatura de 32 artigos publicados entre abril de 2018 e julho de 2022 acerca da telemedicina. Resultados e discussão: A telemedicina vem sendo estudada e implementada nos últimos anos. Há inúmeros benefícios, atingindo pacientes, profissionais e sistemas de saúde, mas também há diversos obstáculos para seu pleno funcionamento. Na pandemia, essa ferramenta passa a ser ainda mais requerida, devido aos riscos de contaminação em encontros presenciais, à diminuição da capacidade de trabalho e à superlotação em hospitais e instituições de saúde. Conclusão: Constatou-se que a telessaúde pode auxiliar na inclusão social no sistema de saúde, na autonomia de pacientes, no acesso à saúde, na continuidade do acompanhamento e na educação em saúde. Porém, há prejuízos no exame físico e na confidencialidade de informações, bem como há necessidade do manuseio de aparelhos tecnológicos. Portanto, mais estudos quanto ao tema são necessários para sua adequada implantação.
Tools for effective patient education to manage outcome expectations in paediatric facial reanimation: a systematic review
Authors: Reissis Dimitris , Zubler Cédric , Buitleir Edel de , Brown Sam , Leckenby Jonathan , Grobbelaar Adriaan
Published: October 2024

Aim: Informed consent for paediatric facial reanimation requires effective patient/parent education and involvement in a shared decision-making (SDM) process to help set their expectations and understanding from the outset. No article in the current literature has systematically reviewed the available tools for facilitating effective patient/parent education and the validity of informed consent in the context of paediatric facial reanimation.

Methods: A systematic literature review was undertaken, following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched and the results screened and reviewed in accordance with pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: The initial search yielded 478 articles, of which only 4 fulfilled the study’s inclusion criteria. One cohort study evaluated qualitative feedback from patients and their relatives participating in a family education and support day for paediatric facial palsy, while another article from the same group reviewed the readability of online education resources. The remaining two articles represented educational reviews focusing on treatment and patient education based on expert opinion without providing original outcome data.

Conclusion: There is a paucity of evidence regarding patient/parent education to support the informed consent process for children undergoing paediatric facial reanimation. There remains a need for further resources and platforms to be developed that may support children and their parents in engaging in a SDM process, setting appropriate expectations, and providing valid informed consent for their surgery.