bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adiponectinemia in Visceral Obesity: Impact on Glucose Tolerance and Plasma Lipoprotein and Lipid Levels in Men
Authors: Côté Mélanie , Mauriège Pascale , Bergeron Jean , Alméras Natalie , Tremblay Angelo , Lemieux Isabelle , Després Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2005

The present study examined the associations between a major adipokine, adiponectin, and adiposity indices as well as metabolic risk variables in a sample of 190 untreated asymptomatic men. Anthropometric measurements and a complete fasting plasma lipoprotein and lipid profile were obtained, and subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting plasma adiponectin concentrations were determined by an ELISA. Although all adiposity and adipose tissue (AT) distribution indices were negatively correlated with plasma adiponectin levels (−0.14 ≤ r ≤ −0.32; P < 0.04), multiple regression analyses revealed that visceral AT accumulation was the only independent predictor of adiponectin levels, with 10% of its variance explained by visceral AT (P < 0.0001). Comparison of obese men with similar body mass index values (≥30 kg/m2) but who markedly differed in their level of visceral AT (< vs. ≥130 cm2; n = 15) revealed significant differences in adiponectin levels (7.0 ± 3.0 vs. 11.1 ± 4.9 μg/ml; P < 0.02 for men with high vs. low visceral AT, respectively). Finally, when men were stratified into tertiles of visceral AT and further classified on the basis of the 50th percentile of adiponectin levels (≤ vs. >8.8 μg/ml), a 3 × 2 ANOVA revealed an independent contribution of adiponectin on the variation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P < 0.002) and of the glucose area (P < 0.02). These results support the notion that adiponectin concentration is influenced to a greater extent by visceral than sc obesity. Furthermore, adiponectin predicts glucose tolerance and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in a manner that is partly independent from the contribution of visceral adiposity.
Association between Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Increased Body Weight: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bolland Mark J. , Grey Andrew B. , Gamble Greg D. , Reid Ian R.
Published: March 2005

Although primary hyperparathyroidism is frequently asymptomatic, it has been associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer. Previously we reported that patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are heavier than age-matched controls. Increased body weight could contribute to the association between primary hyperparathyroidism and these extraskeletal complications. We searched MEDLINE for English language studies published between 1975 and 2003 that reported body weight or body mass index in subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism and a healthy age- and sex-comparable eucalcemic control group. Seventeen eligible studies were identified. Subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism were 3.34 kg (95% confidence interval, 1.97–4.71; P < 0.00001) heavier than controls in 13 studies reporting body weight. In four studies reporting body mass index, subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism had an increased body mass index of 1.13 kg/m2 (−0.29 to 2.55; P = 0.12) compared with controls. Standard mean difference analysis showed that subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism had an increased weight or body mass index of 0.3 sd (0.19–0.40; P < 0.00001) compared with controls. We conclude that patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are heavier than their eucalcemic peers, and that increased body weight may contribute to the reported associations between primary hyperparathyroidism and some extraskeletal complications.
Recombinant Methionyl Human Leptin Administration to Achieve High Physiologic or Pharmacologic Leptin Levels Does Not Alter Circulating Inflammatory Marker Levels in Humans with Leptin Sufficiency or Excess
Authors: Chan Jean L. , Bullen John , Stoyneva Violeta , DePaoli Alex M. , Addy Carol , Mantzoros Christos S.
Published: March 2005

A role for high leptin levels in the proinflammatory state associated with obesity has been proposed on the basis of observational studies, but a recent interventional study employing administration of long-acting pegylated leptin resulting in very high pharmacologic levels in obese subjects did not support this idea. These interventional studies have not yet been independently confirmed, however, and varying levels and duration of hyperleptinemia as well as the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes have not yet been investigated as potential effect modifiers. We performed three interventional studies involving administration of recombinant methionyl human leptin (r-metHuLeptin) to lean, otherwise healthy obese, and obese diabetic subjects to investigate whether increasing circulating leptin levels over a wide spectrum of values (from low physiologic to high pharmacologic) would alter serum levels of inflammatory markers and other cytokines important in the T helper cell response. Increasing leptin levels from low physiologic to high physiologic in lean men and from higher physiologic to low pharmacologic in obese men over 3 d did not alter serum interferon-γ, IL-10, TNF-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, or soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. In obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the administration of r-metHuLeptin for 4 or 16 wk, resulting in high pharmacologic leptin levels, did not activate the TNF-α system or increase cytokines or inflammatory markers, including IL-10, IL-6, C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. These findings do not support an etiopathogenic role for leptin in proinflammatory states associated with leptin excess such as obesity and have direct relevance for the potential future therapeutic use of r-metHuLeptin in humans.
O-glycosylation is essential for intracellular targeting of synaptotagmins I and II in non-neuronal specialized secretory cells
Authors: Atiya-Nasagi Yafit , Cohen Hila , Medalia Ora , Fukudan Mitsunori , Sagi-Eisenberg Ronit
Published: March 2005

We have examined the trafficking of synaptotagmin (Syt) I and II in the mast cell line rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3). We demonstrate that both Syt I and Syt II travel through the plasma membrane and require endocytosis to reach their final intracellular localization. However, N- or C-terminal tagging of Syt II, but not of Syt I, prevents its internalization, trapping the tagged protein at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, a chimeric protein comprising a tagged luminal domain of Syt II fused with the remaining domains of Syt I also localizes to the plasma membrane, whereas a chimera consisting of tagged luminal domain of Syt I fused with Syt II colocalizes with Syt I on secretory granules. We also show that endocytosis of both Syt I and Syt II is strictly dependent on O-glycosylation processing, whereby O-glycosylation mutants of either protein fail to internalize and remain at the plasma membrane. Our results indicate that the luminal domains of Syt I and Syt II govern their internalization capacity from the plasma membrane and identify O-glycosylation as playing a crucial role in Syt trafficking in non-neuronal secretory cells.
Discovery, Clinical Development, and Therapeutic Uses of Bisphosphonates
Authors: Licata Angelo A
Published: March 2005

OBJECTIVE:

To review the literature concerning the history, development, and therapeutic uses of bisphosphonates.

DATA SOURCES:

English-language articles were identified through a search of MEDLINE (through December 2004) using the key word bisphosphonate. Reference lists of pivotal studies, reviews, and full prescribing information for the approved agents were also examined.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:

Selected studies included those that discussed the discovery and initial applications of bisphosphonates, as well as their historical development, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and current therapeutic uses.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

Bisphosphonates structurally resemble pyrophosphates (naturally occurring polyphosphates) and have demonstrated similar physicochemical effects to pyrophosphates. In addition, bisphosphonates reduce bone turnover and resist hydrolysis when administered orally. The information gained from initial work with etidronate generated a considerable scientific effort to design new and more effective bisphosphonates. The PCP moiety in the general bisphosphonate structure is essential for binding to hydroxyapatite and allows for a number of chemical variations by changing the 2 lateral side chains (designated R1 and R2). The R1 side chain determines binding affinity to hydroxyapatite, and the R2 side chain determines antiresorptive potency. Accordingly, each bisphosphonate has its own characteristic profile of activity.

CONCLUSIONS:

The bisphosphonates reduce bone turnover, increase bone mass, and decrease fracture risk and therefore have a significant place in the management of skeletal disorders including osteoporosis, Paget's disease, bone metastases, osteogenesis imperfecta, and heterotopic ossification.
The Human Rights Act 1998, Planning Law and Proportionality
Authors: Purdue M.
Published: March 2005

In the run-up to the commencement of the Human Rights Act 1998 there was intensive speculation as to the impact of the Act on the Town and Country Planning system. The article examines what has been the impact so far. The decision of the Divisional Court in Alconbury at first indicated that Article 6 would require drastic changes to the procedures for determining planning applications and appeals. However, successive decisions of the House of Lords have made clear that, apart from the need to give reasons, at the most Article 6 means that the courts have the potential to look more closely at the fairness of decision-making by planning authorities. Articles 8 and 1 of the First Protocol have had more effect on substantive decision-making by planning authorities but the way the courts have applied the doctrine of proportionality has meant that, except in the case of the granting of injunctions, the courts tend to defer to the superior expertise of the planning authority.
Stable Isotope Ratios as a Tool in Microbial Forensics—Part 2. Isotopic Variation Among Different Growth Media as a Tool for Sourcing Origins of Bacterial Cells or Spores
Authors: Kreuzer-Martin HW , Chesson LA , Lott MJ , Dorigan JV , Ehleringer JR
Published: March 2005

Since the anthrax attacks of 2001 the need for methods to trace the origins of microbial agents has become urgent. The stable isotope ratios of bacteria record information from both the nutrients and the water used to make their culture media (1) and could potentially be used to provide information about their growth environment. We present a survey of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and hydrogen (H) stable isotope ratios in 516 samples of bacteriological culture media. The observed variation was consistent with expected isotopic variation in the plant and animal products upon which the media are based. The variation is sufficient to translate into substantial isotope variation in cultures grown on different batches of media, and thus to allow investigators to determine whether seized media could have been used to produce seized bioweapons agents.
Interpretation of Postmortem Change in Cadavers in Spain
Authors: Prieto JL , Magana C , Ubelaker DH
Published: March 2005

Estimating time since death is especially difficult in the examination of poorly preserved cadavers and depends on the experience of the examiner and comparison with previously documented cases showing similar characteristics.

The present study reports on information obtained over the past ten years through the work of the Laboratorio de Antropología y Odontología Forense (LAF) of the Instituto Anatómico Forense de Madrid, Spain, in particular evaluating how the type of fracture influences postmortem change.

From the original 225 forensic cases examined between 1992 and 2002 in the LAF, a sample of 29 cases were selected from various regions of the Spanish mainland.

A data collection protocol was established to reflect factors which the existing specialized literature, documenting the relation existing in the sample analyzed between time since death and the extent of postmortem change, which in the environments examined are distributed into the following phases: Phase 1 (putrefaction): one week to one month on the surface and two months in water. Phase 2 (initial skeletonization): two months on the surface and five to six months in water. Phase 3 (advanced skeltonization): six months to 1.5 years on the surface and 2.5 years buried. Phase 4 (complete skeletonization): about one year on the surface and three years buried.

This paper also provide useful information on the impact of carrion insect activity, location, climate, seasonality, and predator.
Cremation Weights in East Tennessee?
Authors: Bass WM , Jantz RL
Published: March 2005

In spite of increasing number of cremations in the U.S., little is known about weights of cremated remains. This research was undertaken in order to add to the limited literature on cremains weights and to explore variation. Weights of cremated remains were obtained from the East Tennessee Crematorium. The sample consists of 151 males and 155 females. Age, sex, and race were obtained for each individual. Males are about 1000 g heavier than females. Both sexes lose weight with age, but females lose weight at about twice the rate of males. East Tennessee cremation weights were compared with those from Florida reported by Warren and Maples, and those from Southern California reported by Sonek. East Tennessee results were also compared with an earlier study on ash weight of anatomical human skeletons carried out by Trotter and Hixon. East Tennessee cremations weigh about 500 g more than the samples from Florida and California, and about the same as the earlier anatomical samples. We hypothesize that variation reflects variation in body weight and activity. This variation must be taken into account when cremation weights are at issue.
The Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Forensic Evidence. 1. Latent Print Recovery on Porous and Non-Porous Surfaces
Authors: Ramotowski RS , Regen EM
Published: March 2005

The recent use of the postal system as a means of delivering anthrax spores via several contaminated envelopes has led to the selective irradiation of mail. These as yet unsolved attacks and the U.S. Postal Service's decision to irradiate certain types of mail has led to some unexpected complications. The high doses of radiation required to destroy biological agents like anthrax are sufficient to induce damage to other materials present in the envelope. There have been reports of damage to many different items that have been subjected to irradiation, including paper, precious gems, plastic, computer discs, and electronics. However, few studies have examined the effect of such treatments on items of forensic interest. In this paper, the authors focused on the impact of the irradiation process on the ability to visualize latent prints. This experiment involved using several donors, substrates (both porous and non-porous), and visualization reagents. The results indicate that the irradiation process can have a detrimental effect on the success of certain visualization reagents.
The Importance of Thin Layer Chromatography and UV Microspectrophotometry in the Analysis of Reactive Dyes Released from Wool and Cotton Fibers
Authors: Wiggins KG , Holness JA , March BM
Published: March 2005

Samples of reactively-dyed wool and cotton were obtained from a range of dye manufacturers, dye distributors and the Forensic Science Service (FSS) Fibre Data Collection. The wool fibers were red in color and had previously been compared using comparison microscopy (CM), visible range microspectrophotometry (VS) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The cotton fibers were blue and black in color and had not been previously compared. Red, blue and black fibers were chosen because they are often encountered in casework. The usage of reactive dyes to color fibers has increased over the last 10–15 years and these are often seen in casework. Before techniques were available that allowed reactively-dyed fibers to be compared using TLC only CM and microspectrophotometry were routinely carried out. Many laboratories, who had a microspectrophotometer, only had a visible range instrument. It was therefore important to see which techniques provide additional information, that gives greater individuality to fibers, to that obtained from CM. The color was released from the wool and cotton fibres using alkaline hydrolysis and a cellulase enzyme respectively. Many of the red wool samples were differentiated from each other using CM. More differentiation was found using VS and even more when ultraviolet range microspectrophotometry (UV) or TLC was used. Two samples could only be differentiated using TLC because CM, VS and UV failed to separate them. The black cotton samples were predominately differentiated using CM but VS allowed for further differentiation. With the samples used in this project UV and TLC failed to separate the samples further. The blue cotton samples benefited from the use of CM, VS and either UV or TLC to reduce the number of matching pairs. All techniques aided differentiation although with this set TLC and UV proved to be complementary techniques. Results demonstrate that TLC and UV both yield important information over and above that obtained from CM and VS. Although in some parts of the project TLC and UV are complementary if the concentration of the dye in the fiber is not sufficient for TLC or the scientist doesn't wish to ‘destroy’ the fiber UV would be of more use than TLC.
Adsorption Saturation and Chromatographic Distortion Effects on Passive Headspace Sampling with Activated Charcoal in Fire Debris Analysis
Authors: Williams MR , Fernandes D , Bridge C , Dorrien D , Elliott S , Sigman M
Published: March 2005

Distortion of the chromatographic profile obtained for hydrocarbons that have been sampled by adsorption onto activated charcoal is a well-known phenomenon. The work reported here helps to better define the causes of chromatographic profile distortion and offers a potential method to avoid chromatographic distortion in some cases through a subsampling technique. The recovery of hydrocarbons from an equimolar mixture was investigated to determine the influence of hydrocarbon concentration on the molar ratios of recovered components. In a one-quart container, hydrocarbon volumes as small as 24 μL (liquid) were sufficient to saturate the surface area available for adsorption on a 99.0 mm2 square of activated charcoal, resulting in significant distortions in the molar ratio and the chromatographic profile of the recovered hydrocarbons. Passive headspace sampling of a similarly small volume of unweathered gasoline spiked onto carpet padding resulted in a significant distortion of the chromatographic profile. The chromatographic profile of the recovered hydrocarbons closely resembled 75% weathered gasoline. Heating the container spiked with unweathered gasoline to evenly distribute the components and then removing a subsample of the carpet padding to a second container for passive headspace analysis greatly reduced the amount of distortion in the resulting chromatogram.
Ethno‐Logic: The Anthropology of Human Reasoning
Authors: Szuchewycz Bohdan
Published: March 2005

Ethno‐Logic: The Anthropology of Human Reasoning. James F. Hamill. Champaign, 111.: University of Illinois Press, 1990. 124 pp. $22.95 (cloth)
Classic Maya Directional Glyphs
Authors: Stross Brian
Published: March 2005

The Classic Maya living in Southern Mesoamerica during the first millennium A.D. used a hieroglyphic writing system that included four directional glyphs. Scholars have differed with regard to the specific readings of these glyphs as well as on the question of whether they refer to the sun's path (east, zenith, west, nadir) or instead to the cardinal directions (east, north, west, south). Evidence bearing on the latter question is presented here, and a resolution proposed that in Classic times alternative programs of directional symbolism—one based on the sun's path, and another on the cardinal directions— were employed in Maya script and iconography. The unmarked normal referents of the "north" and "south" glyphs were zenith and nadir respectively, while the direction zenith also implied north and nadir also implied south. There was nonetheless a glyph referring specifically to "north," but not one referring specifically to "south." As part of the evidence for this resolution, new readings and interpretations based on a Cholan Mayan language are introduced for the Classic Maya directional glyphs. The proposed readings of these glyphs are *xin chan "zenith, north," *nahal ajaw "north," *mal puy "nadir, south," *hok' k'in "sunrise, east," and *k'ah k'in "sunset, west."
Competitors, collaborators or compaions? Gossip and storytelling among political journalists in Northern Ireland
Authors: Bell Kathryn
Published: March 2005

In this paper, I discuss the gossiping practices of political journalists in Northern Ireland. Passing on the latest gossip to sources is a way for a journalist to demonstrate their usefulness as a contact, whilst still maintaining a trustworthy character. Acquiring sources is vital for career success, and gossip plays an important role in this process. Gossip between journalists can have a competitive edge, as reporters try to outdo one another by revealing their knowledge of political intrigue. Yet gossiping with colleagues can also be a collaborative practice ‐ a method of signalling one's membership in a common journalistic world. Such exchanges set up a space in which cultural intimacy can be created. In this inner arena, journalists play with the well‐known stereotypes surrounding their profession, and re‐claim them for themselves. Furthermore, through gossiping about politicians' indiscretions, journalists construct themselves as educated liberals in contrast to the subjects of their conversations who are portrayed as political and religious fanatics.
Symbiosis and Ambivalence: Poles and Jews in a Small Galician Town
Authors: Vreekamp Henk
Published: March 2005

Symbiosis and Ambivalence: Poles and Jews in. Small Galician Town. Rosa Lehmann. Berghahn: New York. 2001. xxii‐ 217 pp. ISBN:. 571 81505. (cloth) 1‐57181‐794‐8 (paper).
Associations between adult spectral tarsiers
Authors: Gursky Sharon
Published: March 2005

While anecdotal observations of gregarious behavior in nocturnal prosimian primates are common, most anthropologists continue to refer to them as solitary, perhaps based on the assumption that the occasional social interactions observed via ad libitum methods represent random chance encounters and not patterned social interactions. In this paper, I test the null hypothesis that nocturnal encounters between spectral tarsier (Tarsius spectrum) group members, outside of the sleeping tree, are the result of chance. Three male‐female pairs were radio‐collared and observed over a 4‐month period, using continuous focal animal sampling at the Tangkoko Nature Reserve (Sulawesi, Indonesia). Using Waser's random gas model, I found that spectral tarsiers spent more time in proximity to other group members than expected by chance, given the size of their home range and nightly path length. Adult group members spent 11% of the night in physical contact and an additional 17% of the night within a 10‐m radius of one another. Spectral tarsiers were also observed to significantly increase the amount of time spent foraging when located less than 10 m from another group member. Individuals foraging in proximity to another adult group member had lower insect capture rates compared to individuals who were not foraging in proximity to another adult group member. If living in a group is costly to these tarsiers' foraging efficiency, then why don't they actively avoid one another when foraging? One situation in which it might benefit tarsiers to be gregarious is high predation pressure. Preliminary results suggest that predation pressure by snakes may be the most likely factor selecting for the tarsiers to forage in proximity. Am J Phys Anthropol 128:74‐83, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictive and interpolative biplots applied to canonical variate analysis in the discrimination of vegetable oils by their fatty acid composition
Authors: Rui Alves M. , Beatriz Oliveira M.
Published: March 2005

The fatty acid profiles of 120 commercial unblended peanut, corn, soybean and sunflower vegetable oils and 17 commercial brands of blended edible oils were determined by HRGC/FID/capillary column, including several cis and trans isomers of mono‐, di‐ and tri‐unsaturated fatty acids as well as fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms. Although many statistical techniques may show some usefulness in the description and analysis of the data obtained, predictive biplots applied to canonical variate analysis prove to be a very useful way of carrying out interpretations and an important aid in building up models, while interpolative biplots display great advantages in the utilization of models for classification purposes on a day‐to‐day basis. Furthermore, these biplots require only a modest understanding of statistical tools, since all judgements are made regarding original fatty acids and original measuring units. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Mechanism of the Pressure‐Induced Wurtzite‐ to NaCl‐Type Phase Transition in CdS: An X‐Ray Diffraction Study.
Authors: Sowa Heidrun
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mg35Cu24Ga53: A Three‐Dimensional Cubic Network Composed of Interconnected Cu6Ga6 Icosahedra, Mg‐Centered Ga16 Icosioctahedra, and a Magnesium Lattice.
Authors: Lin Qisheng , Corbett John D.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novozym 435‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of β‐Allenols. A Facile Route for the Preparation of Optically Active β‐Allenols or Allenyl Acetates.
Authors: Xu Daiwang , Lu Zhan , Li Zuyi , Ma Shengming
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies with Condensed Amino‐thiophenes: Further Investigation of Reactivity of Amino‐thieno‐coumarines and Amino‐thieno‐benzo[h]coumarines Toward Electron‐Poor Olefins and Acetylenes.
Authors: Abdelkhalik Mervat M. , Negm Abdalla M. , Elkhouly Ayatt I. , Elnagdi Mohammed H.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Some Pyrazole and Pyrimidine Derivatives of Sulfonamides.
Authors: Jain Rajeev , Shrivastava Sadhana , Bhadauria Akhilesh
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Triethylsilane—Indium(III) Chloride System as a Radical Reagent.
Authors: Hayashi Naoki , Shibata Ikuya , Baba Akio
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dichloromethane Activation. Direct Methylenation of Ketones and Aldehydes with CH2Cl2 Promoted by Mg/TiCl4/THF.
Authors: Yan Tu‐Hsin , Tsai Chia‐Chung , Chien Ching‐Ting , Cho Chia‐Ching , Huang Pei‐Chen
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
γ‐p‐Toluenesulfonyl‐α,β‐epoxysilane: A New and Practical Acrolein β‐Anion Equivalent.
Authors: Sasaki Michiko , Takeda Kei
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Preparation of α‐Hydroxycarboxamide by Manganese Complex Catalyzed Hydration of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxamide with Molecular Oxygen and Phenylsilane.
Authors: Sato Mitsuo , Gunji Yasuhiko , Ikeno Taketo , Yamada Tohru
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantio‐ and Diastereocontrol in Intermolecular Cyclopropanation Reaction of Styrene Catalyzed by Dirhodium(II) Complexes with Bulky ortho‐Metalated Aryl Phosphines.
Authors: Estevan Francisco , Lahuerta Pascual , Lloret Julio , Sanau Mercedes , Ubeda M. Angeles , Vila Jaume
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Serendipitous Synthesis of a Ditwistane: A One‐Step Access!
Authors: Berkenbusch Thilo , Laungani Andy Ch. , Brueckner Reinhard , Keller Manfred
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Indium(III) Halide Mediated SN2′ Reactions of Substituted Allenols: Synthesis of 2‐Halo‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: Cho Yong Seo , Jun Bo Kyung , Pae Ae Nim , Cha Joo Hwan , Koh Hun Yeong , Chang Moon Ho , Han So‐Yeop
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Specific Features of Reaction Between 1,2‐Dinitro‐ and 1‐Nitro‐2‐thioethenes and Hydrazine.
Authors: Kretser T. Yu. , Kuz'mina N. V. , Lipina E. S. , Berkova G. A. , Berestovitskaya V. M.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Improved Preparation and NMR Analysis of 3‐Fluoroethanolamine Derivatives.
Authors: Remli M'hamed
Published: March 2005

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A First Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Fluoroalkylated Benzofurans via Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of Fluorine‐Containing Internal Alkynes with Variously Substituted 2‐Iodophenol.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Chae Jungha , Ishihara Takashi , Yamanaka Hiroki
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Racemic and Chiral Lactams as Potent, Selective and Functionally Active CCR4 Antagonists.
Authors: Burgess Laurence E.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Study on Halolactamization‐γ‐hydroxylation or Haloiminolactonization of 2,3‐Alkadienamides.
Authors: Ma Shengming , Xie Hexin
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solvent Effects on the Oxidative Free Radical Reactions of 2‐Amino‐1,4‐naphthoquinones.
Authors: Tseng Chao‐Ming , Wu Yi‐Lung , Chuang Che‐Ping
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Route to 4/5/6 Polycyclic β‐Lactams.
Authors: Desroy Nicolas , Robert‐Peillard Fabien , Toueg Julie , Duboc Romain , Henaut Charlotte , Rager Marie‐Noelle , Savignac Monique , Genet Jean‐Pierre
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Microbial Inhibition Study of Novel 5‐Imidazolyl Substituted Isoxazolidines.
Authors: Sadashiva M. P. , Mallesha H. , Hitesh N. A. , Rangappa K. S.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tetrazoles. Part 47. A Route to Tetrazole‐Containing Dendrimers.
Authors: Artamonova T. V. , Zatsepina M. V. , Koldobskii G. I.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Triflamides and Triflates of Six‐Membered Heterocyclic Amines.
Authors: Shainyan B. A. , Tolstikova L. L. , Zhinkin A. R.
Published: March 2005

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A Convenient Synthesis of Quinolines by Reactions of o‐Isocyano‐β‐methoxystyrenes with Nucleophiles.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Yoneda Keiichi , Miyamoto Kazuna , Morikawa Osamu , Konishi Hisatoshi
Published: March 2005

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Pyrimidine‐Core Extended π‐Systems: General Synthesis and Interesting Fluorescent Properties.
Authors: Itami Kenichiro , Yamazaki Daisuke , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: March 2005

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Azepinone as a Conformational Constraint in the Design of ϰ‐Opioid Receptor Agonists.
Authors: Dolle Roland E. , et al. et al.
Published: March 2005

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Synthesis of 12‐Ethoxy‐3‐oxo‐4‐phenylquino[3,2‐c][1,3]diazocines via Vilsmeier—Haack Reaction.
Authors: Kumar R. Nandha , Suresh T. , Dhanabal T. , Mohan P. S.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spirobicyclo[2.2.2]octane Derivatives: Mimetics of Baccatin III and Paclitaxel (Taxol).
Authors: Almqvist Fredrik , Manner Sophie , Thornqvist Viveca , Berg Ulf , Wallin Margareta , Frejd Torbjoern
Published: March 2005

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An Efficient Approach to N‐Acetyl‐D‐glucosaminuronic Acid‐Based Sialylmimetics as Potential Sialidase Inhibitors.
Authors: Mann Maretta C. , Thomson Robin J. , von Itzstein Mark
Published: March 2005

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Covalent Analogues of DNA Base‐Pairs and Triplets. Part 7. Synthesis and Cytostatic Activity of Bis(purin‐6‐yl)acetylene and ‐diacetylene Nucleosides.
Authors: Naus Petr , Votruba Ivan , Hocek Michal
Published: March 2005

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Isolation of Ginkgolides A, B, C, J and Bilobalide from G. biloba Extracts.
Authors: Jaracz Stanislav , Malik Shahid , Nakanishi Koji
Published: March 2005

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Synthesis of New Thiazole Analogues of Pyochelin, a Siderophore of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia. A New Conversion of Thiazolines into Thiazoles.
Authors: Mislin Gaetan , Burger Alain , Abdallah Mohamed A.
Published: March 2005

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Identification and Structure—Activity Relationship Studies of 3‐Methylene‐2‐norbornanone as Potent Antiproliferative Agents Presumably Working Through p53 Mediated Apoptosis.
Authors: Reddy N. Laxma , Hill Jeanette , Ye Long , Fernandes Prabhavathi B. , Stout David M.
Published: March 2005

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2‐{2‐[3‐(Pyridin‐3‐yloxy)phenyl]‐2H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl}pyridine: A Highly Potent, Orally Active, Metabotropic Glutamate Subtype 5 (mGlu5) Receptor Antagonist.
Authors: Huang Dehua , Poon Steve F. , Chapman Deborah F. , Chung Janice , Cramer Merryl , Reger Thomas S. , Roppe Jeffrey R. , Tehrani Lida , Cosford Nicholas D. P. , Smith Nicholas D.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
3‐[3‐Fluoro‐5‐(5‐pyridin‐2‐yl‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl)phenyl] ‐4‐methylpyridine: A Highly Potent and Orally Bioavailable Metabotropic Glutamate Subtype 5 (mGlu5) Receptor Antagonist.
Authors: Poon Steve F. , Eastman Brian W. , Chapman Deborah F. , Chung Janice , Cramer Merryl , Holtz Gregory , Cosford Nicholas D. P. , Smith Nicholas D.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Discovery of Highly Potent, Selective, Orally Bioavailable, Metabotropic Glutamate Subtype 5 (mGlu5) Receptor Antagonists Devoid of Cytochrome P450 1A2 Inhibitory Activity.
Authors: Smith Nicholas D. , et al. et al.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical Reactivity of Free and Supported Metal Clusters
Authors: Judai K. , Woerz A. S. , Abbet S. , Heiz U.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrothermal Syntheses and Structural Diversity of a Family of Inorganic—Organic Hybrid Vanadium Selenites
Authors: Dai Zhimin , Shi Zhan , Li Guanghua , Zhang Dong , Fu Wensheng , Feng Shouhua
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
State of the Art: Targeting the Ubiquitin‐Proteasome System for Drug Discovery
Authors: Tsukamoto Sachiko , Yokosawa Hideyoshi
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterocycles Directly Linked to 3‐Position of 1‐Benzopyran‐4‐ones
Authors: Ghosh Chandra Kanta
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Pyrrolidines and Related Alkaloids
Authors: Pyne Stephen G. , Davis Andrew S. , Gates Nicole J. , Hartley Joseph P. , Lindsay Karl B. , Machan Theeraphan , Tang Minyan
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides and Glycoproteins
Authors: Hanson Sarah , Best Michael , Bryan Marian C. , Wong Chi‐Huey
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Arene Complexes as Catalysts
Authors: Rigby James H. , Kondratenko Mikhail A.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selectivity Control in Electron Spin Inversion Processes: Regio‐ and Stereochemistry of Paterno—Buechi Photocycloadditions as a Powerful Tool for Mapping Intersystem Crossing Processes
Authors: Griesbeck Axel G. , Abe Manabu , Bondock Samir
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Calculation of Heavy Nucleus Chemical Shifts: Relativistic all‐Electron Methods
Authors: Autschbach Jochen
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Perturbational and ECP Calculation of Relativistic Effects in NMR Shielding and Spin—Spin Coupling
Authors: Vaara Juha , Manninen Pekka , Lantto Perttu
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Costimulation by CD137/4–1BB inhibits T cell apoptosis and induces Bcl‐xL and c‐FLIPshort via phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and AKT/protein kinase B
Authors: Stärck Lilian , Scholz Christian , Dörken Bernd , Daniel Peter T.
Published: March 2005

Costimulation is essential for induction of T lymphocyte proliferation and inhibition of activation‐induced cell death. While signaling pathways activated following the ligation of the costimulatory molecule CD28 are well defined, less is known about the molecular events induced by alternative costimulators. CD137/4–1BB, a costimulatory member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, plays an important role during late primary T cell stimulation. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that inhibition of activation‐induced cell death by exposure to the CD137/4–1BB ligand involves up‐regulation of the anti‐apoptotic protein c‐FLIPshort. Inhibition of T cell death by 4–1BB ligation and up‐regulation of c‐FLIPshort and Bcl‐xL were abolished by blocking the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase or the AKT/protein kinase B, which also mediate CD28‐induced inhibition of activation‐induced cell death. Our findings, therefore, demonstrate that costimulatory molecules, although belonging to different protein families and participating in distinct upstream signaling pathways, employ common downstream signaling pathways.
The natural killer T cell ligand α‐galactosylceramide prevents or promotes pristane‐induced lupus in mice
Authors: Singh Avneesh K. , Yang Jun‐Qi , Parekh Vrajesh V. , Wei Jie , Wang Chyung‐Ru , Joyce Sebastian , Singh Ram R. , Van Kaer Luc
Published: March 2005

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in organs such as kidneys and presence of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens. We have previously shown that CD1d deficiency in BALB/c mice exacerbates lupus nephritis and autoantibody production induced by the hydrocarbon oil pristane. Here, we have tested the impact of activating CD1d‐restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells on pristane‐induced lupus‐like autoimmunity in BALB/c and SJL mice. Repeated in vivo treatment of pristane‐injected BALB/c mice with the NKT cell ligand α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer) prior to the onset of florid disease suppressed proteinuria, in a manner that was dependent on CD1d and IL‐4 expression. In sharp contrast, however, similar treatment of pristane‐injected SJL mice with α‐GalCer resulted in increased proteinuria. Consistent with these dichotomous effects of NKT cell activation on the development of lupus‐like autoimmunity, NKT cells in BALB/c and SJL/J mice exhibited a mixed Th1/Th2 and a Th1‐biased cytokine production profile, respectively. These findings demonstrate that NKT cell activation with α‐GalCer suppresses or promotes pristane‐induced lupus‐like autoimmunity in mice, in a strain‐dependent manner.
A soft on‐column metal coating procedure for robust sheathless electrospray emitters used in capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Trapp Oliver , Pearce Evan W. , Kimmel Joel R. , Yoon Oh Kyu , Zuleta Ignacio A. , Zare Richard N.
Published: March 2005

An on‐column metal coating procedure was developed for sheathless electrospray emitters, based on Justus von Liebig's electroless silver mirror reaction followed by electrochemical deposition of gold onto the silver layer. The coating procedure is straightforward, mild, inexpensive, and can be performed with standard laboratory equipment. A long‐term (600 h) stability investigation of the conductive coating was carried out by continuous electrospray in the positive electrospray mode, and no degradation in performance was found. The simplicity of the coating procedure and the robustness of the spray tips makes the spray tips highly suitable to couple delicate wall‐coated or monolithic capillary columns to mass spectrometry. Peptide mixtures were separated by capillary electrophoresis and injected into either a Hadamard‐transform time‐of‐flight mass analyzer or a commercial quadrupole mass analyzer using the described sheathless electrospray emitters. The performance was judged to be excellent.
The business culture of the community college: Students as consumers; students as commodities
Authors: Levin John S.
Published: March 2005

The increased economic ends of the community college have eroded its traditional focus on student access, student development, and a comprehensive curriculum.
Design of an optically frequency or phase‐controlled oscillator for hybrid fiber‐radio LAN at 5.2 GHz
Authors: Egels M. , Delacressonnière B. , Sahabun Y. , Lecoy P.
Published: March 2005

We propose the design of a transceiver directly converting an OOK optical signal into a microwave carrier that is either FSK or PSK modulated. The transceiver consists of a microwave oscillator based upon a silicon‐germanium (SiGe) heterojunction phototransistor (HPT). The simulations show that a binary rate of 200 Mb/s is possible for a carrier of 5.2 GHz and reaches 1 Gb/s with a carrier at 12 GHz. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 104–107, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20737
Analysis of finite and curved frequency‐selective surfaces using the hybrid volume‐surface integral equation approach
Authors: Yu Chun , Lu Cai‐Cheng
Published: March 2005

In practical applications, frequency‐selective surfaces (FSSs) are finite, and sometimes even curved. In this paper, we present a hybrid volume‐surface integral‐equation approach to analyze the transmission and reflection characteristics of finite and curved FFS structures. The hybrid integral equations are established using the surface‐ and volume‐equivalent principles. This approach has two advantages. One is the capability of modeling arbitrarily shaped FSS structures in detail, the other one allows us to easily apply the multilevel fast multiple algorithm to speed up the solution process. The scattering characteristics and frequency responses of several FSSs are analyzed. The simulation results show that for a finite‐sized FSS, reducing the radius of curvature causes amplitude variation, frequency shift, and bandwidth change in the reflection and transmission responses. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 107–112, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20738
A novel electronically scannable log‐periodic leaky‐wave antenna
Authors: Augustin Gijo , Shynu S. V. , Aanandan C. K. , Mohanan P. , Vasudevan K.
Published: March 2005

An innovative phaseshifterless, wideband, microstrip leaky‐wave antenna with an electronically steerable dual‐pencil‐beam pattern in the H‐plane is presented. The log‐periodic geometry of the leaky slots of the antenna results in a wide bandwidth of 25.19%. The fan beam can be steered up to 14° over the wide resonating band of the antenna. The beam is also steerable at a fixed frequency, by reactivelty loading the slots and a maximum steering angle of about 14° is observed for different capacitor values with an improved bandwidth of 33.3%. This concept is studied using passive components, but it can be extended to varactors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 163–165, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20757
A study of the low‐energy interference oscillations in photoreflectance of GaAsSb/GaAs quantum well structures
Authors: Blume G. , Hosea T. J. C. , Sweeney S. J.
Published: March 2005

We present a room temperature photoreflectance (PR) investigation of GaAsSb/GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well (QW) structures grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. We encounter strong low energy interference oscillations (LEIO), which tend to obscure any PR signals arising from the QW. By varying the angle of incidence, we exploit the LEIO to estimate the refractive index of the layer responsible and thus identify it. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability to model the lineshapes of the observed LEIO accurately, through calculations of the Seraphin coefficients. This then allows us to deduce the actual thickness of the layer responsible, which is found to be close to the nominal value. These calculations in turn suggest a way to avoid the LEIO – by shortening the laser excitation wavelength. This successfully reveals good PR signals from the QW region, yielding several transition wavelengths, which we then compare with a theoretical model, assuming a small type II offset between GaAsSb QW and GaAs spacer layers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
QSARs for Prioritizing PBT Substances to Promote Pollution Prevention
Authors: Carlsen Lars , Walker John D.
Published: March 2005

The selection of Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) substances constitutes an important task in the possible regulation of chemicals. Due to the shortage of experimental data, Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) estimates for these endpoints appear as an attractive alternative. In the present study, biodegradation, bioaccumulation and aquatic toxicity estimates were obtained using the BioWin, BCFWin and ECOSAR modules of the EPI suite. Partial order theory was used to rank QSAR‐based PBT substances. The proposed approach is suggested as a decision support tool to facilitate subsequent pollution prevention activities by regulated and regulatory communities.
Free and total para‐aminobenzoic acid analysis in plants with high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Fang , Mortier Kjell A. , Storozhenko Sergei , Van De Steene Jet , Van Der Straeten Dominique , Lambert Willy E.
Published: March 2005

para‐Aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a precursor in the synthesis of folates in plants, is determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In plants PABA can be converted into its β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (PABA‐Glc) and can also exist in its free form. In this work, we developed and validated a quantitative method to study free and total PABA in plants. The total PABA (free PABA plus PABA‐Glc) can be evaluated after acid hydrolysis at 80°C for 2 hours. The plant material is homogenized and the PABA content is quantified using the standard addition procedure. The validated method is selective, sensitive, simple, accurate, has a recovery between 99.6 to 102.5%, is reproducible (RSD between 1.4 and 4.4%), and is linear between 2.5 and 1538 ng/mL. Free and total PABA determinations in five vegetables showed that different plant species had different amounts of free and total PABA, and that the ratios of total versus free PABA were also variable. This new method could be valuable for studies of folate synthesis in plants. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.