bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANKRD22 promotes M2 polarization in lung adenocarcinoma macrophages via the glycolytic pathway
Authors: Cao Jiangbo , Zhang Hongwei , Wei Xiaoli , Zhou Huihui
Published: January 2024

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of lung cancer with a low 5‐year survival rate. ANKRD22 is an ankyrin repeat protein capable of promoting tumor progression, and its mechanism in LUAD remains elusive. Our study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying the involvement of ANKRD22 in the progression of LUAD. The expression of ANKRD22 in LUAD and its enriched pathway were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. Meanwhile, the correlation between ANKRD22 and the expression of glycolysis‐related genes and M2 macrophage marker genes was analyzed. qRT‐PCR was used for determination of the expression of ANKRD22, IL‐10 and CCL17, CCK‐8 for cell viability, and western blot for expression of ANKRD22, LDHA, HK2, PGK1, and PKM2. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were utilized to examine the level of CD163, and kits were used to measure the contents of pyruvic acid, lactate, citrate, and malate. Seahorse XF96 analyzer was employed to determine extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed using the JC‐1 probe. Bioinformatics analysis, qRT‐PCR, and western blot showed that ANKRD22 was highly expressed in LUAD, which had a positive connection with M2 marker genes. Knockdown of ANKRD22 considerably attenuated the expression of ANKRD22, IL‐10, and CCL17 in M2. ANKRD22 overexpression demonstrated the opposite results. Bioinformatics analysis uncovered that ANKRD22 was enriched in the glycolytic pathway and positively correlated with glycolysis‐related genes. The knockdown of ANKRD22 substantially attenuated pyruvic acid, lactate, citrate, malate, and ECAR levels and elevated OCR levels in cells. The knockdown of ANKRD22 also reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Further, it was discovered that glycolysis‐related genes had a positive correlation with M2 marker genes. It was revealed by rescue experiments that the usage of 2‐DG, a glycolytic inhibitor, remarkably reversed the facilitating effect of overexpression of ANKRD22 on M2 polarization. This study demonstrates that ANKRD22 can facilitate LUAD M2 polarization through glycolysis, and targeting ANKRD22 to inhibit M2 polarization has the potential to be a new strategy for LUAD treatment.
Protective effect of naringin against radiation‐induced heart disease in rats via Sirt1/NF‐κB signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Liu Shu‐Ting , Zha Kai‐Ji , Li Pei‐Jie , Gao Jian‐Bo , Zhang Yong‐Gao
Published: January 2024

This study was designed to explore the protective effect and mechanism of naringin (NG) on radiation‐induced heart disease (RIHD) in rats. Rats were divided into four x‐ray (XR) irradiation groups with different absorbed doses (0/10/15/20 Gy), or into three groups (control, XR, and XR + NG groups). Subsequently, the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus was adopted to assess and compare the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole (LVIDd), and left ventricular internal diameter at end systole (LVIDs) in rats. Hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining and Masson staining were applied to detect the pathological damage and fibrosis of heart tissue. Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of myocardial fibrosis‐related proteins, endoplasmic reticulum stress‐related proteins, and Sirt1 (silent information regulator 1)/NF‐κB (nuclear factor kappa‐B) signaling pathway‐related proteins in cardiac tissues. Additionally, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was utilized to detect the activities of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in cardiac tissue. The results showed that NG treatment significantly attenuated the 20 Gy XR‐induced decline of LVEF and LVFS and the elevation of LVIDs. Cardiac tissue damage and fibrosis caused by 20 Gy XR were significant improved after NG treatment. Meanwhile, in rats irradiated by XR, marked downregulation was identified in the expressions of fibrosis‐related proteins (Col I, collagen type I; α‐SMA, α‐smooth muscle actin; and TGF‐β1, transforming growth factor‐beta 1) and endoplasmic reticulum stress‐related proteins (GRP78, glucose regulatory protein 78; CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein; ATF6, activating transcription factor 6; and caspase 12) after NG treatment. Moreover, NG treatment also inhibited the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines [interleukin‐6, interleukin‐1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1)], reduced the expression of MDA, and promoted the activities of SOD and CAT. Also, NG treatment promoted Sirt1 expression and inhibited p65 phosphorylation. Collectively, XR irradiation induced cardiac injury in rats in a dose‐dependent manner. NG could improve the cardiac injury induced by XR irradiation by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and activating Sirt1/NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Diagnostic services for developmental coordination disorder: Gaps and opportunities identified by parents
Authors: Klein Erin S. , Licari Melissa , Barbic Skye , Zwicker Jill G.
Published: January 2024

Background

Affecting one in 20 children, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder impacting a child's ability to learn motor skills. Despite its high prevalence, DCD is under‐recognized and under‐diagnosed, causing unnecessary frustration and stress for families who are seeking help for their child. This study aimed to understand how parents procure diagnostic services and their perspectives on needed supports and services to improve early identification and diagnosis of DCD.

Methods

Using a multi‐pronged recruitment strategy, we circulated the impACT for DCD online questionnaire to parents of children (<18 years) in British Columbia with suspected or diagnosed DCD. Data were analysed descriptively using medians/interquartile ranges for continuous data and frequencies/percentages for categorical data. Open‐ended questions were analysed using exploratory content analysis.

Results

A total of 237 respondent data were analysed. Parents identified poor awareness and understanding of health care professionals and educators regarding aetiology, symptomology, and impacts of DCD, affecting timely access to diagnostic services. Long waitlists were also a barrier that often led families with financial means to procure private diagnostic assessments.

Conclusion

A standard of care is needed for streamlined diagnostic services, enabling early identification and early intervention. A publicly funded, family‐centred, collaborative care approach is critical to assess, diagnose, and treat children with this disorder and to mitigate the secondary physical and mental health consequences associated with DCD.
Functional characterization of variants found in Japanese patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Morita Shuhei , Nomura Shunsuke , Azuma Kenko , Chida‐Nagai Ayako , Furutani Yoshiyuki , Inai Kei , Inoue Tatsuya , Niimi Yasunari , Iizuka Yuo , Tsutsumi Yoshiyuki , Ishizaki Reina , Yamagishi Hiroyuki , Kawamata Takakazu , Akagawa Hiroyuki
Published: January 2024

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant form of vascular dysplasia. Genetic diagnosis is made by identifying loss‐of‐function variants in genes, such as ENG and ACVRL1. However, the causal mechanisms of various variants of unknown significance remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed 12 Japanese patients from 11 families who were clinically diagnosed with HHT. Sequencing analysis identified 11 distinct variants in ACVRL1 and ENG. Three of the 11 were truncating variants, leading to a definitive diagnosis, whereas the remaining eight were splice‐site and missense variants that required functional analyses. In silico splicing analyses demonstrated that three variants, c.526‐3C > G and c.598C > G in ACVRL1, and c.690‐1G > A in ENG, caused aberrant splicing, as confirmed by a minigene assay. The five remaining missense variants were p.Arg67Gln, p.Ile256Asn, p.Leu285Pro, and p.Pro424Leu in ACVRL and p.Pro165His in ENG. Nanoluciferase‐based bioluminescence analyses demonstrated that these ACVRL1 variants impaired cell membrane trafficking, resulting in the loss of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) signal transduction. In contrast, the ENG mutation impaired BMP9 signaling despite normal cell membrane expression. The updated functional analysis methods performed in this study will facilitate effective genetic testing and appropriate medical care for patients with HHT.
In vitro pilot study comparing a novel implantoplasty sonic instrumentation protocol with a conventional protocol using burs
Authors: Tsampli Anna , Rues Stefan , Kappel Hannes , Rammelsberg Peter , Kappel Stefanie
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives

The aim of implantoplasty (IP) is to remove titanium implant layers that have been contaminated and to smoothen the implant surfaces so they retain less plaque. However, existing IP methods are very invasive and reduce implant wall thickness.

Aim

To investigate the suitability of novel sonic tips in IP and to compare this novel protocol with conventional abrasive procedures.

Materials and Methods

Thirty dental implants (Ø 4.1 mm, 10 mm length) were distributed in three groups and investigated according to the protocol of Sivolella et al., with modifications to the instrument's feed rate, the applied contact force, and the speed of implant rotations per minute. The upper third of the implant was processed with a diamond‐coated bur (BUR) or novel non‐diamond‐coated sonic tips (AIRSCALER). After standardized IP, the surfaces were analyzed by tactile profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Changes in implant weight, implant material loss, and implant fracture strength were assessed.

Results

The mean roughness (Ra, Sa), implant material loss, and change in implant weight were significantly lower in the AIRSCALER group than in the BUR group, whereas the mean compression resistance values were significantly higher in the AIRSCALER group than in the BUR group.

Conclusions

IP with uncoated sonic tips smoothes the surfaces and reduces structural loss of the implant in the area of microthreads. This new IP method could be of great clinical importance, especially for implants with microthreads and reduced diameter or wall thickness.
Cytological findings in a case of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of liver in a child: Report of a case with review of literature
Authors: Mohin Md , Mukherjee Raktim , Dewan Lucky , Karan Sanjana , Chatterjee Uttara
Published: January 2024

The cytological features of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in a child are described in this report. It is important to be aware of this entity and its cytological features in order to avoid misdiagnosis with more common entities such as the hepatoblastoma.
The role of basal insulins in the treatment of people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A narrative review
Authors: Sloan Lance , Cheng Alice Y. Y. , Escalada Javier , Haluzík Martin , Mauricio Didac
Published: January 2024

The majority of cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide are driven by the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), resulting in an increase in CKD rates over the past few decades. The existence of CKD alongside diabetes is associated with increased burden of cardiovascular disease and increased risk of death. Optimal glycaemic control is essential to prevent progression of CKD, but achieving glycaemic targets in people with CKD and diabetes can be challenging because of increased risk of hypoglycaemia and limitations on glucose‐lowering therapeutic options. This review considers the challenges in management of T2D in people with impaired kidney function and assesses evidence for use of basal insulin analogues in people with CKD.
Hospital admissions from the emergency department of adult patients affected by myopathies
Authors: Monforte Mauro , Torchia Eleonora , Bortolani Sara , Ravera Beatrice , Ricci Enzo , Silvestri Gabriella , Servidei Serenella , Primiano Guido , Mirabella Massimiliano , Sabatelli Mario , Mercuri Eugenio , Franceschi Francesco , Calabresi Paolo , Covino Marcello , Tasca Giorgio
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose

Myopathies are associated with classic signs and symptoms, but also with possible life‐threatening complications that may require assistance in an emergency setting. This phenomenon is understudied in the literature. We aimed to assess the presentation, management, and outcomes of clinical manifestations potentially related to a muscle disorder requiring referral to the adult emergency department (ED) and hospitalization.

Methods

Anonymized patient data retrieved using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes related to muscle disorders over 4 years were retrospectively analyzed. Medical reports were evaluated to extract demographic and clinical variables, along with outcomes. Two groups were defined based on the presence (known diagnosis [KD] group) or absence (unknown diagnosis [UD] group) of a diagnosed muscle disorder at arrival.

Results

A total of 244 patients were included, 51% of whom were affected by a known myopathy, predominantly limb‐girdle muscular dystrophies and myotonic dystrophies. The main reasons for ED visits in the KD group were respiratory issues, worsening of muscle weakness, and gastrointestinal problems. Heart complications were less prevalent. In the UD group, 27 patients received a new diagnosis of a specific primary muscle disorder after the ED access, mostly an inflammatory myopathy. Death during hospitalization was recorded in 26 patients, with a higher rate in the KD group and in patients affected by mitochondrial and inflammatory myopathies. Sepsis and dyspnea were associated with increased death risk.

Conclusions

Respiratory complications are the most common reason for myopathic patients accessing the ED, followed by gastrointestinal issues. Infections are severe threats and, once hospitalized, these patients have relatively high mortality.
Characterizing emergency department and inpatient health care utilization after seizure‐related hospitalization: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Johnson Kristina L. , Wood Andrew J. , Hsia Renee Y. , Guterman Elan L.
Published: January 2024

Objective

Seizure care is a significant driver of health care costs in both emergency department (ED) and inpatient settings, but the majority of studies have focused on inpatient admissions as the only metric of health care utilization. This study aims to better characterize ED and inpatient encounters among patients with seizure to inform care and policy.

Methods

Using statewide administrative data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases and State Emergency Department Databases from Florida and New York, we identified patients with a seizure‐related index hospitalization between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018. Among this cohort, we examined the incidence and characteristics of subsequent acute care visits in the ED and inpatient settings for 365 days after initial hospital discharge.

Results

A total of 54 456 patients had an eligible seizure‐related hospitalization. Patients were 49% female, predominantly White (64%) and non‐Hispanic (84%), and used a public primary payer (68%). There were 36 838 (68%) patients with at least one acute care visit in the year following discharge. Overall, patients had a median of 2 (interquartile [IQR] = 1–5) subsequent acute care visits and the median time to first acute care visit was 53 days (IQR = 15–138). Of the 154 369 subsequent acute care visits, 97 399 (63%) were ED‐only visits, 56 970 (37%) were readmissions, and 37 176 (24%) were seizure‐related. There were 18 786 patients (35%) with four or more acute care visits over 365 days of follow‐up. Patients with four or more visits contributed 84% of acute care visits and 78% of costs after initial hospitalization.

Significance

The majority of patients hospitalized for seizure return to the ED or hospital at least once in the year after discharge. A small portion of patients account for the majority of ED and inpatient visits as well as health care costs associated with this population, identifying a subgroup of patients who may benefit from improved inpatient and outpatient management.
Principal and independent genomic components of brain structure and function
Authors: Oblong Lennart M. , Soheili‐Nezhad Sourena , Trevisan Nicolò , Shi Yingjie , Beckmann Christian F. , Sprooten Emma
Published: January 2024

The highly polygenic and pleiotropic nature of behavioural traits, psychiatric disorders and structural and functional brain phenotypes complicate mechanistic interpretation of related genome‐wide association study (GWAS) signals, thereby obscuring underlying causal biological processes. We propose genomic principal and independent component analysis (PCA, ICA) to decompose a large set of univariate GWAS statistics of multimodal brain traits into more interpretable latent genomic components. Here we introduce and evaluate this novel methods various analytic parameters and reproducibility across independent samples. Two UK Biobank GWAS summary statistic releases of 2240 imaging‐derived phenotypes (IDPs) were retrieved. Genome‐wide beta‐values and their corresponding standard‐error scaled z‐values were decomposed using genomic PCA/ICA. We evaluated variance explained at multiple dimensions up to 200. We tested the inter‐sample reproducibility of output of dimensions 5, 10, 25 and 50. Reproducibility statistics of the respective univariate GWAS served as benchmarks. Reproducibility of 10‐dimensional PCs and ICs showed the best trade‐off between model complexity and robustness and variance explained (PCs: |rz − max| = 0.33, |rraw − max| = 0.30; ICs: |rz − max| = 0.23, |rraw − max| = 0.19). Genomic PC and IC reproducibility improved substantially relative to mean univariate GWAS reproducibility up to dimension 10. Genomic components clustered along neuroimaging modalities. Our results indicate that genomic PCA and ICA decompose genetic effects on IDPs from GWAS statistics with high reproducibility by taking advantage of the inherent pleiotropic patterns. These findings encourage further applications of genomic PCA and ICA as fully data‐driven methods to effectively reduce the dimensionality, enhance the signal to noise ratio and improve interpretability of high‐dimensional multitrait genome‐wide analyses.
Modelling the probability of meeting IUCN Red List criteria to support reassessments
Authors: Henry Etienne G. , Santini Luca , Butchart Stuart H. M. , González‐Suárez Manuela , Lucas Pablo M. , Benítez‐López Ana , Mancini Giordano , Jung Martin , Cardoso Pedro , Zizka Alexander , Meyer Carsten , Akçakaya H. Reşit , Berryman Alex J. , Cazalis Victor , Di Marco Moreno
Published: January 2024

Comparative extinction risk analysis—which predicts species extinction risk from correlation with traits or geographical characteristics—has gained research attention as a promising tool to support extinction risk assessment in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, its uptake has been very limited so far, possibly because existing models only predict a species' Red List category, without indicating which Red List criteria may be triggered. This prevents such approaches to be integrated into Red List assessments. We overcome this implementation gap by developing models that predict the probability of species meeting individual Red List criteria. Using data on the world's birds, we evaluated the predictive performance of our criterion‐specific models and compared it with the typical criterion‐blind modelling approach. We compiled data on biological traits (e.g. range size, clutch size) and external drivers (e.g. change in canopy cover) often associated with extinction risk. For each specific criterion, we modelled the relationship between extinction risk predictors and species' Red List category under that criterion using ordinal regression models. We found criterion‐specific models were better at identifying threatened species compared to a criterion‐blind model (higher sensitivity), but less good at identifying not threatened species (lower specificity). As expected, different covariates were important for predicting extinction risk under different criteria. Change in annual temperature was important for criteria related to population trends, while high forest dependency was important for criteria related to restricted area of occupancy or small population size. Our criteria‐specific method can support Red List assessors by producing outputs that identify species likely to meet specific criteria, and which are the most important predictors. These species can then be prioritised for re‐evaluation. We expect this new approach to increase the uptake of extinction risk models in Red List assessments, bridging a long‐standing research‐implementation gap.
Optimisation of recovery protein hydrolysate from chicken bone by steam explosion strategy and its calcium‐binding capacity and potential pro‐osteogenic activity
Authors: Xu Xiong , Qi Liwei , Li Hongjun , Zhang Chunhui
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to recover protein hydrolysate from chicken bone by steam explosion and investigate its calcium‐binding capacity and potential pro‐osteogenic activity. The results showed that the recovery rate was significantly affected by pressure, time, and filling ratio. The molecular weight distribution and amino acid composition of the protein hydrolysate were also analysed. Furthermore, the protein hydrolysate extracted at 12 min, 1.8 MPa and 40% filling ratio showed well calcium‐binding capacity, and the peptides‐calcium chelate showed good stability at different temperatures. The cell experiment showed that the peptides‐calcium chelate can significantly improve the osteogenic activity of MC3T3‐E1 cells, including the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralisation. In conclusion, the steam explosion was an effective strategy to recover protein hydrolysate with well calcium‐binding capacity and potential pro‐osteogenic activity from chicken bone. This study provided new insights and theoretical bases for the application of steam explosion in extracting protein hydrolysate to improve bone health.
Influence of apple pomace on the oxidation status, fatty acid content, colour stability and microbiological profile of baked meat products
Authors: Kęska Paulina , Wójciak Karolina , Stadnik Joanna , Kluz Maciej Ireneusz , Kačániová Miroslava , Čmiková Natália , Solska Elżbieta , Mazurek Katarzyna
Published: January 2024

The present study analysed the effects of using freeze‐dried apple pomace, i.e. apple peel and pulp, as a component of meat products. The freeze‐dried apple pomace showed a dose‐dependent effect on the pH value of meat products; the pH was lower in products with freeze‐dried apple pomace. The addition of freeze‐dried apple pomace increased the brightness parameter (L*) of baked meat products and decreased the proportion of redness (a*). The plant addition also decreased redness during the refrigerated storage of baked meat products. The use of 0.5% of freeze‐dried apple peel or 1% of freeze‐dried apple flesh was most effective in inhibiting lipid oxidative changes in baked meat products, wherein the TBARS index was reduced by 47.5% and 39.04%, respectively, on the 15th day of refrigerated storage. The addition of freeze‐dried apple pomace also affected the fatty acid profile of the meat products. A higher saturated fatty acid content was recorded in products containing apple pomace (M05 < S05 < S1). The monounsaturated fatty acid level was higher in the variants containing freeze‐dried flesh. Considering the microbiological profile of meat products, the increase in the bacterial content and an increase in the coliform content in variants with apple peel and flesh were observed.
Effect of pre‐treatments on quality and storage stability of turmeric rhizome candy
Authors: Basha Shaik Jakeer , Kaur Kamaljit , Kumar Vikas , Kaur Prabhjot , Rehal Jagbir
Published: January 2024

Turmeric rhizome candy, a phytonutrient‐rich shelf‐stable dehydrated and microbiologically stable product was prepared by variation in thermal processing (blanching) and citric acid treatments. It was stored for a period of 90 days and evaluated at an interval of 30 days for chemical, organoleptic, optical, bioactive and textural attributes. FTIR confirmed the significant impact of pre‐treatments on the bioactive compounds of fresh candy. Hardness of the candy increased with decrease in moisture content during storage. Vitamin C, curcumin and total phenols were retained well in the candies up to 90 days of storage study. Addition of citric acid during processing resulted in reduction of hardness and better colour retention. Index of acceptability was maximal for the candy prepared after pre‐treatment T4 (Blanching‐20 min + citric acid 2%). Thus, this investigation can impart the medicinal properties of turmeric in the form of healthy confectionery with good acceptability among consumers.
Discovery of a new tannin compound as an α‐glucosidase inhibitor from Carya cathayensis Sarg. kernels and its inhibitory kinetics
Authors: Zhao Jing , Chen Wenwei , Liu Hua , Zhang Xiaosan , Tao Fei , Jia Zhenbao
Published: January 2024

Inhibition of α‐glucosidases is recognised as an effective approach towards managing postprandial hyperglycaemia. This study aimed to identify a specific compound in Carya cathayensis Sarg. kernels (CCSKs) exhibiting strong inhibitory activities against α‐glucosidase and elucidate the inhibitory kinetic mechanism. Employing a bioassay‐guided approach, an α‐glucosidase inhibitor was isolated from CCSKs through sequential chromatography protocol involving AB‐8 macroporous adsorptive resin, Sephadex LH‐20 and C18‐reversed phase silica gel. The resulting inhibitor was a novel tannin compound, identified as rugosin C ethyl ester. Rugosin C ethyl ester displayed superior inhibitory activity (IC50 of 2.60 μg/mL) compared to acarbose (IC50 of 105.95 μg/mL). The kinetic analysis indicated that rugosin C ethyl ester had a mixed‐type reversible inhibition against α‐glucosidase. The inhibition constants (Ki and Kis) were determined to be 3.119 and 0.856 μg/mL, respectively. The findings indicated that rugosin C ethyl ester might serve as a promising functional ingredient in low‐glycemic index foods.
The effect of telemedicine on stoma‐related complications in adults with enterostomy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei‐ying Zhang , Hui‐ren Zhuang , Hai‐ping Yu , Li‐li Ma
Published: January 2024

To assess the effect of telemedicine on stoma‐related complications in adults with enterostomy, we conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effects of the telemedicine group compared to the usual group. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang and VIP databases from their inception up to October 2023. Two authors independently screened and extracted data from the included and excluded literature according to predetermined criteria. Data collected were subjected to meta‐analysis using Review Manager 5.3 software. The final analysis included a total of 22 articles, encompassing 2237 patients (telemedicine group: 1125 patients, usual group: 1112 patients). The meta‐analysis results demonstrated that, compared to the usual group, the telemedicine group significantly reduced the overall occurrence of stoma‐related complications, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.22 (95% CI = 0.15–0.32, p < 0.00001). Furthermore, it resulted in a decrease in stoma complications (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.15–0.47, p < 0.00001) and peristomal complications (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.19–0.34, p < 0.00001). Therefore, the existing evidence suggests that the application of telemedicine can reduce the incidence of stoma and peristomal complications, making it a valuable clinical recommendation.
Can Special Olympics coaches accurately report on the motor competence of children with intellectual disabilities?
Authors: Kavanagh Hayley , Issartel Johann , Meegan Sarah , Manninen Mika
Published: January 2024

Background

Motor competence is the ability to perform goal directed human movements in a co‐ordinated, accurate and error free manner. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of coaches' perceptions of children's motor competence with their actual motor competence.

Method

This study examined the motor competence of children with intellectual disabilities (n = 100) and coaches' perceptions of children's motor competence (n = 10). Participants were assessed using TGMD‐3. Coaches completed an adapted version of the pictorial scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence.

Results

The predictive power of coaches perceived motor competence versus children's actual motor competence was assessed.

Conclusions

This research will provide insight for sports organisations to determine whether coaches can accurately report on the motor competence of children with intellectual disabilities.
Ice age land bridges to continental islands: Repeated migration of the forest‐dwelling sable in northeastern Asia
Authors: Kinoshita Gohta , Sato Takuma , Murakami Shota , Monakhov Vladimir , Kryukov Alexey P. , Frisman Lyubov V. , Tsunamoto Yoshihiro , Suyama Yoshihisa , Murakami Takahiro , Suzuki Hitoshi , Sato Jun J.
Published: January 2024

Aim

The continental island system comprising Sakhalin, Hokkaido and the southern Kuril Islands (SHSK) in northeastern Asia serves as one of the southernmost habitats for many boreal and arctic organisms, with colonization via land bridges formed during glacial periods. To understand the impacts of past land‐bridge formation under Quaternary climate changes across SHSK, we investigated the demographic history of forest‐dwelling marten species.

Location

Sakhalin, Hokkaido and the southern Kuril Islands in northeastern Asia.

Taxon

Sable, Martes zibellina (Carnivora, Mustelidae).

Methods

We employed multiplexed inter‐simple sequence repeat genotyping by sequencing (MIG‐seq) to obtain genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We tested possible scenarios of colonization and diversification for SHSK sables using several population genetics approaches including clustering analysis, population tree estimation and approximate Bayesian computation modelling. We also examined haplotype diversity for the mitochondrial ND2 gene.

Results

The genetic diversity of the island populations and their affinity for continental populations were found to be higher in the order Sakhalin > Hokkaido > Iturup in both nuclear SNP and mitochondrial DNA analyses. Demographic analyses indicated that the sable migrated repeatedly from the continent, particularly to the neighbouring Sakhalin Island. However, only an earlier colonized lineage has persisted on marginal Iturup Island since the Middle Pleistocene. The stronger effects of repeated migrations and/or isolation influenced by the distance to the continent have shaped the contemporary genetic diversity and differentiation of sable populations in SHSK.

Main Conclusions

Genome‐wide and comprehensive sampling approaches demonstrated that the forest‐dwelling sable had long‐term persistence with partial admixture of multiple lineages in SHSK, suggesting the existence of forest corridors and refugia on the islands during the last several glacial periods. The SHSK system of continental islands is valuable for understanding the impacts of Quaternary climate changes on the genetic diversity and evolutionary histories of boreal organisms.
Institutional and family support impact on health‐related quality of life of children with autism spectrum disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Windarwati Heni D. , Lestari Retno , Hidayah Ridhoyanti , Hasan Haliza , Ati Niken A. L. , Kusumawati Mira W. , Selena Irhamna N. , Dumar Bergita , Rahayu Gemi
Published: January 2024

Problems

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to have a notably poorer quality of life than the general population, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study aimed to analyze the association between institutional support and family support on the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with ASD during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in October 2022 in a School for Special Needs in Malang City, East Java Province, Indonesia. The pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL) and Institutional and Family Support questionnaire were used to measure the HRQoL and support perceived by parents of children with ASD. We analyzed each component of the PedsQL and the Institutional and Family Support questionnaire. The independent T‐test was performed to analyze the association between HRQoL and perceived support by parents of children with ASD.

Findings

The results showed that most participants (72.7%) were women aged 40. As many as 69.39% of participants had more than one child, and 16.33% declared they had other children who experienced the same problem (special needs children). This study indicated that the average health‐related quality of life score in children with ASD was 57.41 (9.418). The finding of this study showed a significant mean difference in HRQoL scores in children with ASD who received high institutional and family support compared to those who had low (p = 0.028, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −11.071 to 0.664).

Conclusion

Institutional support positively impacts children with ASD's quality of life. Therefore, it is essential to improve the adequacy of support felt by families while caring for children with ASD.
Editorial: Placing research in context – what participant and study characteristics should be routinely reported in studies of child and adolescent mental health?
Authors: Gunnar Megan R.
Published: January 2024

This editorial argues that research findings in child and adolescent psychopathology need to be contextualized with demographic information and location in order to help with interpretation of findings and implications for the services that are available and/or potentially effective. For developmental psychopathology and child and adolescent mental health treatment, the demographic information should include key factors known to influence etiology, treatment effectiveness and service availability. These factors include, but may not be limited to, sex and age, location including country (and city or urban area), socioeconomic class, culture and minoritized status. Including such information, in addition to helping us understand why findings might not generalize, can draw attention to the exclusion of certain groups from research and so drive attempts to increase the representativeness of research in child and adolescent mental health.
Attachment as an intermediary variable between childhood maltreatment and perceived partner responsiveness in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Gosselin Carolyne , Daspe Marie‐Ève , Brassard Audrey , Lussier Yvan , Vaillancourt‐Morel Marie‐Pier
Published: January 2024

Cumulative childhood maltreatment (CCM) is associated with relationship difficulties including lower perceived partner responsiveness (PPR)—the degree of feeling cared for, understood, and validated by a person's partner. Attachment theory is understood via its representations of self and others and could offer a better understanding of how CCM effects continue into adulthood and affect PPR. We examined whether CCM is related to PPR via attachment in French‐speaking adolescents and young adults. A sample of 427 individuals in a romantic relationship and another sample of 159 couples completed self‐report measures. In both samples, a person's CCM was associated with their own lower PPR via their higher attachment anxiety and avoidance. In the dyadic sample, a person's CCM was associated with their partner's lower PPR via their own higher attachment anxiety. Attachment insecurities help understand the associations between CCM and PPR and may represent an important intervention target.
Community pharmacists' perceptions on managing people with oral health problems—A prioritisation survey
Authors: Jones Adam , Sturrock Andrew , Elliott Emma , Gussy Mark , Maidment Ian , Nelson David , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. , Aggarwal Vishal R.
Published: January 2024

Background

Alternative sources of oral health information are likely to be of benefit to the public, particularly where access to dental services is limited. There is evidence that community pharmacists are willing to advocate for oral health, but it is unclear what is needed to develop this role.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to obtain the views of community pharmacy staff on the frequency and type of oral health conditions they encounter challenges in management and training/research priorities.

Methods

An anonymous online survey targeted pharmacy staff and elicited quantitative data related to the types and frequencies of oral health conditions experienced. Participants were stratified by age, gender, ethnicity, experience and setting. Free text responses allowed participants to detail challenging aspects of patient management, their priorities for service development and future research. Reflexive thematic analysis of free text responses identified key themes.

Results

Oral/facial pain and swelling were seen weekly by most respondents, and daily by 28.8%. Other commonly presenting conditions were ulcers, dry‐mouth, thrush and denture issues. Challenges in managing oral health conditions included: access to NHS dentistry, awareness of referral pathways, examination/diagnosis and understanding ‘Red Flags’.

Conclusion

Acute and chronic oral health conditions commonly present to community pharmacists who lack necessary knowledge/training, which may result in missing ‘red flag’ symptoms for oral cancer or acute facial swellings which can be life threatening. There is a need to support pharmacists, who are willing to act as oral health advocates, in recognition, prevention and onward referral for oral diseases.
Co‐creating innovation ecosystems in contexts of absolute uncertainty: The case of low‐cost heart valves in India
Authors: Sahasranamam Sreevas , Soundararajan Vivek , Chatterjee Debabrata
Published: January 2024

The development of innovations aimed at tackling grand challenges requires the support of an appropriate innovation ecosystem. However, there is a limited understanding of how such innovation ecosystems emerge in contexts of absolute uncertainty. We addressed this gap by examining the boundary work carried out by key actors in the creation of the biomedical innovation ecosystem in India that supported the development of a successful low‐cost heart valve over the 1976–1995 period. We developed a process model demonstrating how the ecosystem leader co‐created the innovation ecosystem that led to the development of a low‐cost heart valve by engaging in three types of configuration boundary work: establishing ecosystem configuration, modeling ecosystem configuration, and expanding ecosystem configuration. Our study contributes to the literature on innovations for grand challenges, innovation ecosystems, and boundary work.
Health care for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities in India
Authors: Mishra Amitav , Narayan Jayanthi
Published: January 2024

Legislations for persons with disabilities emerged in the 1990s in India, providing them with rights and entitlements. Aligned with the UNCRPD, the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016) supports improved programmes and services. There are no exclusive policies for those with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Different government departments and non‐government organisations provide services including centrally sponsored programmes to persons with disabilities and enable them to exercise their rights. For example, rehabilitation and provision of aids and appliances lie with the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, right to education is with the Ministry of Education, and, early intervention and health services and related supports are with the Ministry of Health. In India, non‐government organisations also play a vital role in health care services. In this paper, we discuss the existing health care systems including medical services in India for persons with disabilities with a specific focus on persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The discussion include how the system was evolved and what is in place today, the coverage, strengths, and limitations in the system. We have tried to provide a comprehensive description of existing policies, and practices of health care as well as the cultural influences with regard to health care for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in India.
Patient reports of cancer care coordination in rural Hawaii
Authors: Okado Izumi , Liu Michelle , Elhajj Carry , Wilkens Lynne , Holcombe Randall F.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Rural residents experience disproportionate burdens of cancer, and poorer cancer health outcomes in rural populations are partly attributed to care delivery challenges. Cancer patients in rural areas often experience unique challenges with care coordination. In this study, we explored patient reports of care coordination among rural Hawaii patients with cancer and compared rural and urban patients’ perceptions of cancer care coordination.

Methods

80 patients receiving active treatment for cancer from rural Hawaii participated in a care coordination study in 2020–2021. Participants completed the Care Coordination Instrument, a validated oncology patient questionnaire.

Findings

Mean age of rural cancer patients was 63.0 (SD = 12.1), and 57.7% were female. The most common cancer types were breast and GI. Overall, rural and urban patients’ perceptions of care coordination were comparable (p > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences between rural and urban patients’ perceptions in communication and navigation aspects of care coordination (p = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Specific differences included a second opinion consultation, clinical trial considerations, and after‐hours care. 43% of rural patients reported traveling by air for part or all of their cancer treatment.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that while overall perceptions of care coordination were similar between rural and urban patients, differential perceptions of specific care coordination areas between rural and urban patients may reflect limited access to care for rural patients. Improving access to cancer care may be a potential strategy to enhance care coordination for rural patients and ultimately address rural‐urban cancer health disparities.
Newborn and infant vision screening in primary care: A clinical review
Authors: Stocks Clare O. , Carson Rebecca A.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Newborn and infant vision screening is an essential component of the health promotion visit, where the provider screens for ocular risk factors and abnormalities that may cause future impairment or vision loss. Providers may underestimate the importance of screening or find neonatal vision assessments difficult due to poor patient cooperation or time‐consuming exams, but the reversibility of vision impairment in infants makes early detection paramount to proper treatment. This article provides a clinical review of evidence‐based, practical guidance to providers who care for infants from birth through 6 months of age in the primary care setting.

Conclusions

The comprehensive eye exam in infants should include a thorough history and physical examination of eye structures, visual acuity, evaluation of extraocular movements and alignment, and assessment of the red reflex. Recommended exam maneuvers differ with age as visual acuity improves and development advances through infancy.

Practice Implications

Early detection of ocular pathology is critical to avoid permanent vision loss, serious morbidity, and even mortality. The seemingly complex vision screening exam can be completed with little to no cooperation from the patient when a competent pediatric healthcare provider prioritizes opportunistic exam maneuvers. The opportunistic exam allows providers to maximize efficiency while maintaining thorough technique during vision exams and screenings.
Periodontitis and postoperative inflammation in gastric cancer patients: Propensity score analysis
Authors: Sasaki Mio , Shigeishi Hideo , Nishi Hiromi , Hamada Natsuki , Kitasaki Honami , Yano Kanako , Kaneyasu Yoshino , Horikoshi Susumu , Kawaguchi Hiroyuki , Ohta Kouji
Published: January 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to clarify the association between preoperative periodontitis and postoperative systemic inflammation in patients with gastric cancer.

Subjects and Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 140 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery at Hiroshima University Hospital between May 2019 and May 2022. Periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) scores were determined to assess periodontitis severity using modified Nesse's methods. Propensity score matching was used to compare patients with high and low PISA scores (> or < the median PISA score of 92.4, respectively). Propensity scores were calculated using a logistic regression model, based on 17 clinical parameters: age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, stroke, clinical stage, surgical procedure, surgical approach, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery duration, blood loss during surgery, remaining teeth, and denture use.

Results

Thirty‐seven patients were propensity‐score‐matched. Participants with high PISA scores had a higher incidence of surgical site infection (10.5%) than those with low PISA scores (5.3%). Moreover, participants with high PISA scores had significantly higher C‐reactive protein levels on postoperative days 1 than those with low PISA scores.

Conclusion

Preoperative periodontitis may determine the level of postoperative systemic inflammation in patients with gastric cancer.
NEW PRODUCTS, NEW TASTES? AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS AND CONTINUITIES BETWEEN THE NINTH AND FOURTH CENTURIES BC IN MEDITERRANEAN IBERIA
Authors: Pérez‐Jordà Guillem , Peña‐Chocarro Leonor
Published: January 2024

The encounters between the immigrant populations of the Levant and the local communities of the south and east of the Iberian peninsula occurring from the beginning of the first millennium led to the transformation of diet and agricultural production. The arrival of new products such as chickpeas and different fruit trees, including in particular the vine, increased the variety and quality of the food consumed. It was at this specific moment that the so‐called ‘Mediterranean agricultural model’ was defined, upon which the identity of the different communities living in this territory was built.
Managing crises as if no one is watching? Governance dilemmas from a public perspective
Authors: Lenz Alexa
Published: January 2024

In the midst of ongoing crises, understanding how citizens perceive administrative crisis management is more relevant than ever. Combining organizational literature with insights from legitimacy research, this article scrutinizes how the public evaluates governance decisions concerning prominent crisis management dilemmas: flexibility versus stability, inclusion versus exclusion, and equity‐based versus needs‐based resource distribution. The paper argues that flexible, inclusive, and equity‐based governance decisions are generally perceived as more legitimate. However, governance decisions are also associated with adverse effects that can mitigate any initially positive effect on legitimacy. The argument is tested in a large‐scale randomized survey experiment in the context of a migration crisis, where governance decisions were manipulated. The findings support the expectations for inclusive crisis management and equity‐based resource distribution, which are perceived as the most legitimate governance alternatives. Internal adaptations of administrative practices toward more flexible and adaptive solutions, however, are perceived less legitimate than stable governmental action.