bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Deep Neural Network with Frequency Domain Filtering in the Field of Intrusion Detection
Authors: Wang Zhendong , Li Jingfei , Xu Zhenyu , Yang Shuxin , He Daojing , Chan Sammy
Published: November 2023

In the field of intrusion detection, existing deep learning algorithms have limited capability to effectively represent network data features, making it challenging to model the complex mapping relationship between network data and attack behavior. This limitation, in turn, impacts the detection accuracy of intrusion detection systems. To address this issue and further enhance detection accuracy, this paper proposes an algorithm called the Fourier Neural Network (FNN). The core of FNN consists of a Deep Fourier Neural Network Block (DFNNB), which is composed of a Hadamard Neural Network (HNN) and a Fourier Neural Network Layer (FNNL). In a DFNNB, the HNN is responsible for sampling the network intrusion data samples in different time domain spaces. The FNNL, on the other hand, performs a Fourier transform on the samples outputted by the HNN and maps them to the frequency domain space, followed by a filtering process. Finally, the data processed by filtering are transformed back to the time domain space for subsequent feature extraction work by the DFNNB. Additionally, to enhance the algorithm’s detection accuracy and filter out noise signals, this paper also introduces a High‐energy Filtering Process (HFP), which eliminates noise signals from the data signal and reduces interference on the final detection result. Due to the ability of FNN to process network data in both the time domain space and the frequency domain space, it possesses a stronger capability in expressing data features. Finally, this paper conducts performance evaluations on the KDD Cup99, NSL‐KDD, UNSW‐NB15, and CICIDS2017 datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed FNN‐based IDS model achieves higher detection rates, lower false alarm rates, and better detection performance than classical deep learning and machine learning methods.
Risk Factors for Time and Cost Overruns of Pipeline Projects in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Gahtani Khalid , Shafaay Maan , Ahmed Omar , Alawshan Marwan , Alsanabani Naif , Aljadhai Saad
Published: November 2023

Evaluating risks is crucial for the smooth execution of pipeline projects. In Saudi Arabia, pipeline building projects frequently experience delays and cost overruns. This study tries to identify these risk factors. Thus, risk factors were collected from the literature and presented to four experts to identify the 26 most common factors for pipeline construction in Saudi Arabia. The risk factors were then assessed using a questionnaire to measure the degree of impact of the 26 factors by 135 participants. Partial least square structure equation model (PLS-SEM) and relative importance index (RII) methods were utilized to rank the significant factors after performing the reliability and discriminant validity of the questionnaire data. The findings show that the top five factors based on PLS-SEM were discrepancy between implementation requirements and specifications, financial failure/bankruptcy, poor pipeline material quality, supplying invalid materials, and weak ability to identify and monitor the threats. The ranking of the factors using PLS-SEM is different in the RII method. This difference is due to applying the Cronbach’s α formula in the two methods. The PLS-SEM computes the coefficients of the groups, while the RII computes the coefficients for all factors. The study results can assist pipeline project managers in identifying and ranking risk variables to efficiently utilize the limited financial and human resources available for the risk management.
A Multiscale Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Analysis of Neighborhood Correlates of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Goldfinger Erica , Stoler Justin , Goel Neha
Published: November 2023

Background:

Women living in disadvantaged neighborhoods present with increased prevalence rates of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study takes a spatiotemporal epidemiological approach to understand the impact of socioenvironmental contextual factors on TNBC prevalence rates.

Methods:

We analyzed 935 TNBC cases from a major cancer center registry, between 2005 and 2017, to explore spatial and space–time clusters of TNBC prevalence rates at the census tract and neighborhood scales. Spatial regression analysis was performed to examine relationships between nine socioenvironmental factors and TNBC prevalence rates at both ecological scales.

Results:

We observed spatial clustering of high TNBC prevalence rates along a north–south corridor of Miami-Dade County along Interstate 95, a region containing several majority non-Hispanic Black neighborhoods. Among the ecologic measures, the percent of a region designated as a brownfield was associated with TNBC prevalence rates at the tract-level (β = 4.27; SE = 1.08; P < 0.001) and neighborhood-level (β = 8.61; SE = 2.20; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Our spatiotemporal analysis identified robust patterns of hot spots of TNBC prevalence rates in a corridor of several disadvantaged neighborhoods in the northern half of the county. These patterns of TNBC align with the literature regarding at-risk groups and neighborhood-level effects on TNBC; however, remain to be validated in a population-based sample.

Impact:

Spatial epidemiological approaches can help public health officials and cancer care providers improve place-specific screening, patient care, and understanding of socioenvironmental factors that may shape breast cancer subtype through gene-environment and epigenetic interactions.
Supplementary Fig. S5 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Fig. S5 shows posterior prediction of the total cell count
Supplementary Fig. S14 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Fig. S14 shows in silico simulation of new cell lines - 2
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer Mortality in Spain: Updated Information (1982–2021) and Predictions up to 2046
Authors: Cayuela Lucía , Jara-Palomares Luis , Otero Remedios , Gaeta Anna Michela , Cayuela Aurelio
Published: November 2023

Background: Patterns of lung cancer (LC) mortality are important for planning health services and resource management. Objectives: We aimed to provide updated information (1982–2021) and project (LC) mortality rates in Spain (2022–2046). Method: We analysed data from the Spanish National Statistics Institute about mortality in LC (1982–2021), and we made predictions for the period 2022–2046. Results: In 2021, a total of 22,413 people died of LC, and for the period 2042–2046, the projected annual average was 25,549 deaths. In males, age-standardised mortality rates (ASMR) (overall) after an initial period of increase (1982–1996, 2.2%) declined until 2021 (−1.4% per year), and this decline is expected to continue in the future (−1.9% per year during the period 2022–2046), although the projected decline is slightly higher (−2.0% during the period 2022–2046). In men, ASMR (all ages) after an initial period of increase (1982–1996, 2.2%) declined until 2021 (−1.4% per year), and this decline is expected to continue in the future during the period 2022–2046. In women, both the overall and truncated rates (35–64) increase during the period 1982–2021 (4.1% and 6.0% per year, respectively), and projected rates showed that both will decrease during the period 2022–2046, although more markedly in the truncated rates (−1.9% per year) than in the overall rates (−0.5% per year). Conclusions: Our projections show the magnitude of a steady upward trend in LC mortality among women in Spain that appears to be beginning to reverse from the current decade (similar to that observed for incidence).
Successful Chemotherapy for Diffuse Cystic Lung Metastases during Targeted Therapy with Osimertinib in a Patient with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Literature Review and a Rare Case Report
Authors: Matsukida Akira , Ogawa Takunori , Tanigaki Tomomi , Serizawa Yusuke , Nishimura Masashi , Igarashi Shunya , Kato Yoshiki , Kawana Akihiko , Kimizuka Yoshifumi
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Diffuse lung cysts occur owing to several diseases; however, diffuse cystic lung metastases are very rare in the case of lung cancer. We report a rare case of diffuse cystic lung metastases from lung adenocarcinoma and reviewed previously reported cases of cystic lung metastases for lung cancer and determined their characteristics. Case Presentation: A 78-year-old Japanese woman with advanced lung adenocarcinoma was positive for the epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation exon 21 L858R and had been treated with osimertinib. She presented with multiple bilaterally positioned thin-walled lung cysts and pneumothorax. Lung cysts were diagnosed as cystic lung metastases from lung cancer, and carboplatin, pemetrexed, and pembrolizumab were subsequently administered. All cysts markedly decreased in size, and some disappeared. Conclusion: Effective treatment methods for cystic lung metastases from lung cancer have not been reported. To our knowledge, this is the first case of cystic lung metastases that were successfully treated with chemotherapy.
Urinary Bisphenol A and Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations in Children with Obesity: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Deodati Annalisa , Bottaro Giorgia , Germani Daniela , Carli Fabrizia , Tait Sabrina , Busani Luca , Della Latta Veronica , Pala Anna Paola , Maranghi Francesca , Tassinari Roberta , Gastaldelli Amalia , La Rocca Cinzia , Cianfarani Stefano ,   LIFE PERSUADED Project Group
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Obesity is a worldwide public health problem. Experimental animal and in vitro studies suggest that the exposure to BPA and phthalates are associated to a higher risk of obesity. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine urinary excretion of bisphenol A and phthalates in obese and normal weight children. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 122 children. Sixty-six obese children, 36 girls (mean age 8.41 ± 1.27 years), and 30 boys (mean age 8.51 ± 1.33 years) and 56 normal weight children, 27 girls (mean age 7.64 ± 1.49 years), and 29 boys (mean age 7.77 ± 1.56 years) were studied. Urinary BPA and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites (MEHP, MEHHP, and MEOHP) were measured, respectively, by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Individual determinants of exposure were evaluated through “ad hoc” questionnaires. Results: BPA and DEHP metabolites were detectable in obese and normal weight children. Obese girls showed significantly higher BPA concentrations in comparison with normal weight girls (means 10.77, 95% CI = 7.02–16.53 vs. 5.50, 95% CI = 3.93–7.71 μg/g creatinine, respectively, p < 0.02). The first step of DEHP metabolic rate was significantly higher in obese girls compared with controls (p < 0.05). DEHP metabolites correlated significantly with leptin concentrations in obese girls (p < 0.03). A higher risk of obesity was found in children with BPA levels above the median values with the habit to eat food packaged (OR = 11.09, 95% CI = 1.28–95.78). Conclusions: These findings show that a higher exposure to BPA is associated with the risk of obesity in girls. Further studies are needed to unveil the cause-effect relationship.
Foreignizing Translation and Chinese
Authors: Forster Michael N.
Published: November 2023

This article explains a new ‘foreignizing’ approach to translation that was invented in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, especially by Herder and Schleiermacher, and that has since become the predominant approach in translation theory. The article argues that despite the great virtues of this approach, it was based on an unduly narrow restriction to Indo-European languages, which leaves considerable room for further improvement. Greater attention to Hebrew has since made up this deficit to a certain extent. But Chinese holds the potential for even more important refinements of the original theory. The article explains the original theorists’ failure to exploit this case in terms of a certain prejudice against Chinese language and culture that had arisen at the time, and for which these theorists were themselves partly responsible. It then tries to show in some detail how deeply enriching for the theory a consideration of Chinese can be.
Translating Philosophy from and into Chinese in the Light of Humboldt’s Comparativism
Authors: Zhang Yijing
Published: November 2023

This article re-examines Humboldt’s comparative linguistics by analyzing two cases: the reception of Chinese philosophy in France and the translation of Greek philosophy in China. Humboldt’s legacy is treated in opposite ways which result in two translation methods. I argue that Humboldt’s statement about the inferiority of Chinese should not be taken in a literal sense. It highlights the grammatical differences between Greek and Chinese, and can lead to questioning some basic assumptions about the concept of being. Humboldtian comparativism, understood as the recognition of differences and the respect for the foreign, can shed light on transcultural understanding in general.
‘Transcendence’ in Being and Time and Its Chinese Translation
Authors: Wang Qingjie James
Published: November 2023

The problem of ‘transcendence’/‘transcendental’/ ‘transcendent’ runs throughout Heidegger’s Being and Time, and it is central to many of its core concerns. The confusion about the different meanings of using the same words in the history of philosophy from Kant to Heidegger causes not only problems in understanding but also problems in the translation of the philosophical classics, especially in a non-Indo-European language such as Chinese. Through examination of Kant’s conception of the ‘transcendental’ and a critical textual analysis of Heidegger’s reinterpretation of ‘transcendence’ as a temporal ecstatic Dasein’s existence, this essay attempts to show that the problem of transcendence, along with the debates over the Chinese translation of the relevant terms, is not merely a problem in a traditional theory of knowledge or epistemology. Rather, it belongs primarily and essentially to fundamental ontology and thus to Heidegger’s question of Being.
Pollution in the Bible and in Cognitive Science: A Review of Recent Works by Thomas Kazen and Yitzhaq Feder
Authors: Watts James W.
Published: November 2023

This essay constitutes a thematic review of two recent publications that utilize cognitive science to illuminate biblical concepts of pollution and purity. The review, adapted and expanded from James W. Watts, Leviticus 11–20 (HCOT; Leuven: Peeters, 2023), 31–34, sets these works in the broader context of each author’s work and juxtaposes their insights with other major publications on purity and pollution in the Bible.
Responding to the EU’s Rule of Law Crisis: Any Role for General International Law?
Authors: Buscemi Martina
Published: November 2023

This article purports to examine and critically discuss some of the current proposals put forward by scholars to respond to the European Union (EU) rule of law crisis, which call into question, in different ways, the role of general international law. After outlining the state of the debate on the relationship between customary law and EU legal order (Section 2), the article considers some provocative arguments recently made on the alleged “implied withdrawal” of backsliding members via Article 50 TEU, through the prism of the 1969 Vienna Convention Law of Treaties (VCLT) (Section 3). Subsequently, the attention turns on the interplay between general international law and Article 7 TEU, the special mechanism for the enforcement of EU values. The article explores a radical proposal, namely, that of setting aside Article 7 TEU and imposing sanctions grounded on customary international law (Section 4). These theses advocate for the suspension or expulsion of recalcitrant members based on the fall-back on the “safety valves” for parties to treaties in international law, namely Articles 60-62 VCLT. Against this theoretical analysis, the article draws some final remarks on the approach followed in practice by the Union to manage its internal crisis and reflects on the implications of this approach from the perspective of the law of International Organizations and the concept of EU autonomy (Section 5).
The Conflict in Ukraine: Implications for jus in bello and Human Rights Law
Authors: Bílková Veronika
Published: November 2023

The contribution discusses the implications of the current armed conflict in Eastern Europe, triggered by the act of aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, for jus in bello (international humanitarian law) and international human rights law. It argues that whereas the conflict has brought about serious challenges to these two branches of law, it has also triggered certain promising developments in IHL and IHRL. Those developments have so far manifested themselves in three main areas: the regulation relating to the application of IHL and IHRL; the substantive rules of the two branches; and the enforcement of such rules. Providing examples of such developments, the article argues that the overall impact of the conflict in Ukraine on IHL and IHRL could be, in the long run, predominantly positive.
Relic of the Past or Immortal Phoenix? The Legal Relevance of Neutrality in the Russo-Ukrainian War
Authors: Bartolini Giulio , Pertile Marco
Published: November 2023

The article examines the role of neutrality in the Russo-Ukrainian war by analyzing the legal justifications offered by States with reference to the provision of weapons and economic assistance to the belligerents. The findings reveal that the law of neutrality has played a limited role as neutrality-based legal arguments were rarely utilized, even when they were available, either by countries supporting Ukraine or by those maintaining some impartiality towards the belligerents. The decision of a significant group of states to provide military and economic assistance to Ukraine was based on jus ad bellum arguments and rarely took into consideration the law of neutrality. Perhaps surprisingly, even the parties to the conflict seldom employed legal arguments related to neutrality. Permanent neutrals or countries traditionally adopting a policy of neutrality, on their turn, tend to limit the obligations of neutrality to their military dimension while remaining open to providing economic and humanitarian support. This diminishing relevance of neutrality law, amidst the ongoing crisis of the United Nations’ collective security system, may lead to a legal order where third-party involvement in conflicts becomes more common. The authors maintain that the obsolescence of the law of neutrality is not yet complete, as occasional references to its rules still emerge, and many States have chosen not to take sides in the present conflict. Neutrality, however, as reflected in State declarations, appears to be interpreted more as a political choice rather than a legal obligation.
The 2022 Decision of the Italian Corte di Cassazione on the Brazilian “Great Naturalization” and the Condition of Italian Citizens Resident in Brazil in the late 19th Century
Authors: Dal Ri Arno , Taffner Fraga Andrey José
Published: November 2023

The so-called Brazilian “Great Naturalization,” stemming from Decree No. 58-A of 1889 and the 1891 Constitution of Brazil provided for the mass naturalization of foreigners residing in Brazil at that time. This measure was heavily criticized by European States, including the then Kingdom of Italy, due to the risk of interference with the citizenship bond of such foreigners with their countries of origin. That measure would indeed, plenty of times, result in the loss or renunciation of original citizenship in case of acquisition of a new citizenship. Against that backdrop, Italy’s Avvocatura Generale dello Stato (Italy’s Office of the State Attorneys) has recently challenged before Italian courts requests for the recognition of Italian citizenship jure sanguinis filed by descendants of Italian emigrants who were in Brazil at the time of the “Great Naturalization”. The issue reached the Corte di Cassazione, which, in Judgment No. 25317/2022, found in favour of the descendants and held that they had not lost Italian citizenship on the grounds of a tacit waiver. This commentary seeks to assess whether the said judgment is in line with the international and Italian legal frameworks governing citizenship rights. To be sure, the conclusion of the Court of Cassation has averted a dangerous precedent, according to which loss of citizenship may occur without an express act of will from its holder.
Whitehead Crosses the Bridge Between the Physics and Psychology of Time — Interview of Remy Lestienne by Anne Giersch
Authors: Lestienne Remy , Giersch Anne
Published: November 2023

This commentary is about two papers on the relations between the neuroscience and the physics of time. One is by Buonomano & Rovelli, entitled ‘Bridging the neuroscience and physics of time’ and the other one is by Gruber, Block & Montemayor, entitled ‘Physical time within human time’. The present commentary takes the form of an interview of Remy Lestienne, who published a book on the work of Whitehead, related to the two papers cited above.
Securitizing Non-Traditional Security (NTS) Threats: China’s Track 2 Diplomacy in Southeast Asia
Authors: Valenciano Aletheia Kerygma B.
Published: November 2023

As China continues to strengthen its geopolitical status in Southeast Asia, it has expanded its foreign policy strategies to include track 2 diplomacy, which focuses on multilateral security dialogues and aims to support and strengthen official diplomacy. The existing literature on China’s track 2 diplomacy focuses on its effectiveness as a mechanism for conflict resolution, often overlooking the important question of how and why it became a foreign policy option for China. Using data drawn from key informant interviews, document analysis, and participant observation, this study examines specifically the role of non-traditional security (NTS) in the expansion of China’s track 2 diplomacy in Southeast Asia. From the lens of the securitization framework, this study argues that China’s track 2 diplomacy in Southeast Asia is, to a certain extent, a result of securitizing the NTS dimension of these issues. Moreover, while track 2 diplomacy functions as a mechanism to manage NTS threats, China has not completely abandoned its traditional security considerations. In fact, it views track 2 as instrumental in pursuing its wider political, security, and strategic goals. This study further explores the prospects and challenges for China’s track 2 diplomacy.
Replacement names for two Asian species of Psila Meigen, 1803, sensu lato (Diptera, Psilidae)
Authors: ANGELL CHRISTOPHER S.
Published: November 2023

New replacement names are provided for two secondary homonyms in the fly genus Psila Meigen, 1803: Pseudopsila maculipennis Frey, 1956 and Psila michelseni Shatalkin, 2000. In contrast, two other species names which were previously secondary homonyms in this genus have since been transferred to Chamaepsila Hendel, 1917 and do not need new replacement names.
Partisanship and perceptions of the consequences of welfare service privatization from left to right (-wing populism)
Authors: Johansson Sevä Ingemar , Öun Ida
Published: November 2023

In view of increased support for a rightwing populist (RWP) party and marketization of the Swedish welfare state, here we study local politicians’ and voters’ perceptions of welfare service privatization. We specifically ask whether such perceptions form coherent attitudinal profiles, linked to partisanship and left-right ideology. Using survey data focusing on the views of local politicians and voters in Sweden, we analyze perceptions of potential consequences of privatization and apply cluster analysis to examine whether and how such perceptions are interlinked. The results show that two distinct and contrasting latent profiles can be identified based on the underlying pattern across eight indicators. A large majority displays these profiles, which are closely connected to partisanship and ideology. Moreover, an ambivalent profile is identified. Contrary to expectations, views expressed by RWP politicians and voters are mainly aligned with the coherent profile associated with social democrats but also to a lesser extent the ambivalent profile. Thus, there appears to be a duality in RWP politicians’ and voters’ perceptions of welfare service privatization, suggesting that the potential impact of increased support for an RWP party on the future development of welfare service delivery in Sweden is not clear-cut.
Refractory Gastroparesis Following Duodenal Switch Treated With Laparoscopic Subtotal Gastrectomy With Roux-en-Y Reconstruction
Authors: McKinney Glen B. , Rice Rebecca A. , Fernandez Adolfo Z.
Published: November 2023

Gastroparesis following duodenal switch (DS) is a known but rare complication. Typically, patients are managed with prokinetic agents, with pyloromyotomy being the first-line surgical therapy. The literature is sparse regarding how to manage patients whose symptoms remain refractory to these first-line therapies. We present a patient who experienced gastroparesis following DS, who fell into this category. Her symptoms of prandial pain and regurgitation remained resistant to medical management and pyloromyotomy. She was successfully treated with subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction with resolution of these symptoms. The literature suggests that bypassing or resecting the pylorus and removing overstretched aperistaltic gastric muscle could be the mechanism behind this treatment’s effectiveness.
Mental health literacy for social phobia in Ghana: Investigation of gender stereotypes and previous experience for recognition rates and prejudice
Authors: Adu Peter , Jurcik Tomas , Demah Emmanuel , Korang Patrick T , Grigoryev Dmitry
Published: November 2023

Background:

Mental health literacy (MHL) research has been of substantial interest internationally. Nevertheless, the interplay between beliefs, attitudes, previous experience with mental disorders, and knowledge of Ghanaians on specific mental disorders remains to be understood. The present study explored the interconnectedness between gender stereotypes, prejudice, previous experience with social phobia, and MHL among the general population in Ghana.

Method:

Six hundred and one Ghanaians were recruited for an online experimental study design using a survey approach for data gathering. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions (i.e., male and female vignettes) depicting symptoms of social phobia for a hypothetical person. Participants further completed self-reported measures including gender stereotypes (based on Ambivalent Sexism Inventory) and prejudice.

Results:

Results revealed a 15.5% recognition rate for social phobia. Recognition rates of social phobia did not differ by the experimental condition or by the gender of participants. However, personal experience of social phobia was positively related to an increased likelihood of correctly labeling social phobia among men in the female vignette condition, whereas correct recognition of social phobia was negatively related to prejudice among women in the male vignette condition. In the male vignette condition, men with more hostile sexism attitudes toward men exhibited more prejudice toward their hypothetical male counterpart. In contrast, women with hostile sexism attitudes toward men exhibited less prejudice, but greater benevolent sexism attitudes toward men was associated with more prejudice toward the hypothetical male in the vignette.

Conclusion:

Findings from the current study emphasize the role of the cultural milieu in shaping effective mental health interventions. The results also have implications for promoting MHL to reduce prejudice in Ghana and other developing countries in the region.
A Ptolemaic lunar model of the 17th century: François Viète and his first lunar model
Authors: Carman Christián C.
Published: November 2023

In his unfinished Ad harmonicon coeleste, François Viète (1540–1603) approaches astronomical models in a purely mathematical way, analyzing the equations involved in the geometrical models and suggesting new geometrical approaches, usually equivalent but simpler. After dealing with the Copernican planetary models, he develops three different lunar models. The first one describes a model geometrically similar but not identical to the Ptolemaic lunar model. The second is identical to that of Copernicus, but offers simpler calculation methods, and the third one is inspired by Tycho’s lunar model in the Progymnasmata. In this paper, I describe and analyze the first (Ptolemaic) model, leaving the other two for future works.
Tensile properties of thermoset composites based on yarn structures from recycled carbon fibre and low melting temperature Co-polyamide fibre
Authors: Hasan MMB , Bachor S , Abdkader A , Cherif Ch
Published: November 2023

The tensile properties of thermoplastic composites based on hybrid yarn structures consisting of recycled carbon fibre (rCF) and thermoplastic fibres (rCF content of the hybrid yarn approx. 50–60% by weight) have been reported previously. To date, no report has been found on the tensile properties of thermoset composites based on yarns with high rCF content (>90% by weight). The reasons for this are the complex mechanisms involved in processing pure rCF due to the low shear strength, smooth fibre surface, small fibre diameter and high brittleness of rCF. Yarns made of rCF (≥90% weight) for thermoset composites have been developed in a fundamental research project at the ITM. This paper reports on the tensile properties of unidirectional composites based on yarns composed of staple rCF (>90%) and low melting co-polyamide fibres produced by varying spinning parameters. Furthermore, in order to increase the infiltration of the epoxy matrix during the composite manufacturing process, the yarns are thermally treated at 180°C prior to infiltration and its effect on the tensile properties of the composites is analysed. The results show that the thermal treatment of the yarn prior to infiltration with the matrix, compared to the yarn without prior thermal treatment, helps to achieve better impregnation and therefore better tensile strength of the composites compared to the yarn without prior thermal treatment. A Youngs’ modulus and tensile strength of 86 ± 11 GPa and 1181 ± 71 MPa respectively are achieved in thermoset composites based on the developed yarns.
Clinically Oriented CBCT Periapical Lesion Evaluation via 3D CNN Algorithm
Authors: Fu W.T. , Zhu Q.K. , Li N. , Wang Y.Q. , Deng S.L. , Chen H.P. , Shen J. , Meng L.Y. , Bian Z.
Published: November 2023

Apical periodontitis (AP) is one of the most prevalent disorders in dentistry. However, it can be underdiagnosed in asymptomatic patients. In addition, the perioperative evaluation of 3-dimensional (3D) lesion volume is of great clinical relevance, but the required slice-by-slice manual delineation method is time- and labor-intensive. Here, for quickly and accurately detecting and segmenting periapical lesions (PALs) associated with AP on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, we proposed and geographically validated a novel 3D deep convolutional neural network algorithm, named PAL-Net. On the internal 5-fold cross-validation set, our PAL-Net achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.98. The algorithm also improved the diagnostic performance of dentists with varying levels of experience, as evidenced by their enhanced average AUC values (junior dentists: 0.89–0.94; senior dentists: 0.91–0.93), and significantly reduced the diagnostic time (junior dentists: 69.3 min faster; senior dentists: 32.4 min faster). Moreover, our PAL-Net achieved an average Dice similarity coefficient over 0.87 (0.85–0.88), which is superior or comparable to that of other existing state-of-the-art PAL segmentation algorithms. Furthermore, we validated the generalizability of the PAL-Net system using multiple external data sets from Central, East, and North China, showing that our PAL-Net has strong robustness. Our PAL-Net can help improve the diagnostic performance and speed of dentists working from CBCT images, provide clinically relevant volume information to dentists, and can potentially be applied in dental clinics, especially without expert-level dentists or radiologists.
Why Do University Students Smoke Tobacco? French Validity of Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives Among (non-) Daily Smokers and Associations With Psychological Variables
Authors: Mauduy Maxime , Mauny Nicolas , Beaunieux Hélène , Mange Jessica
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the validity of the Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (B-WISDM) among French daily and non-daily university student smokers. Measurement models, measurement invariances, and concurrent and convergent validity with psychosocial and psychopathological variables were tested. Results (1) confirmed the B-WISDM dimensionality in 11 first-order intercorrelated factors; (2) showed its measurement invariance for the types of smokers; (3) showed that tobacco dependence is only and positively predicted by primary dependence motives, which confirm that they are core components of tobacco dependence; and (4) highlighted specific associations between smoking motives and psychological variables, such as smoking identity and perceived behavioral control with some primary dependence motives, social goads with social norms, and weight control with eating disorders. Thus, external validity of the B-WISDM is extended to non-daily smokers. Specific associations of B-WISDM with smoking-related psychological potentially make it a very useful diagnostic tool to support smokers toward quitting.
Religious Disaffiliation From Orthodox Judaism: Social, Psychological, and Intellectual Factors Related to Exiting
Authors: Miles Rona , Eisen Pesach , Hirsch Estee , Keller Yehudis , Chavarga Alla
Published: November 2023

Studies investigating disaffiliation from Orthodox Judaism typically utilize samples composed of disaffiliated individuals, without a comparison group of affiliated individuals for reference. This research investigation measured 21 social, psychological, and intellectual experiences in disaffiliated and affiliated Orthodox Jewish individuals primarily in the United States to determine which factors were predictive of disaffiliation, a type of religious change. Experiences were measured with Yes/No questions and a Likert rating scale to indicate the extent to which respondents believed each factor contributed to their disaffiliation. Participants were 730 individuals who grew up practicing Orthodox Judaism and had either stopped or continued practicing (disaffiliated N = 387; affiliated N = 343). Based on regression analysis, factors predictive of disaffiliation were: (1) emotional abuse, (2) feelings that Orthodoxy is restrictive, (3) diagnosis of/treatment for a psychological disorder, (4) poor secular education in school, and (5) intellectual conflicts regarding Orthodox Judaism or questioning God. When rating each factor’s contribution to their disaffiliation, exiters most frequently reported moral or social conflicts with Orthodox Judaism, intellectual conflicts regarding Orthodox Judaism or questioning God, and feelings that Orthodoxy is restrictive. These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of religious exiting and draw out the factors uniquely predictive of disaffiliation in this population.
Weight-related Self-monitoring App Use Among Emerging Adults is Cross-sectionally Associated With Amount and Type of Physical Activity and Screen Time
Authors: Hahn Samantha L. , Kramer-Kostecka Eydie N. , Hazzard Vivienne M. , Barr-Anderson Daheia J. , Larson Nicole , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne
Published: November 2023

Weight-related self-monitoring (WRSM) apps are often used by emerging adults to assist in behavior change. However, little is known about the relationship between WRSM among the general population of emerging adults and various physical activity and screen time behaviors. This paper examines associations between WRSM app use and various forms of physical activity and screen time among a population-based sample of emerging adults. Data come from EAT 2018 (N = 1,568, mean age = 22.0 ± 2.0 years), a population-based sample of emerging adults from Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota. Participants reported on the types of WRSM apps used (physical activity and/or dietary focused), in addition to how much time they spent doing physical activity, whether they practiced yoga, compulsive exercise, recreational screen time, social media use, and whether they viewed dieting/weight loss materials. Linear and logistic regressions were used to assess adjusted means and prevalences of outcomes. We found that physical activity-focused WRSM app users engaged in more hours of total (8.7 vs 7.2, P < .001), and moderate-to-vigorous (5.1 vs 4.3, P = .002) physical activity compared to non-users. Similar results were found for dietary WRSM app users compared to non-users. However, WRSM app users had higher levels of compulsive exercise and were more likely to view dieting/weight loss materials ( Ps < .001). Findings suggest that although physical activity is higher among WRSM users, the types of physical activity and screen time behaviors WRSM users are engaging in may be harmful.
A Systematic Review of Assessment Methods for Seafarers’ Mental Health and Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Carrera-Arce Maria , Baumler Raphael , Hollander Johan
Published: November 2023

Seafarers spend more time at sea than on land, which makes them a hard-to-reach community. Since their mental health and well-being is usually addressed from a land-based perspective, dedicated and validated methods incorporating maritime specificities are lacking. During the COVID-19 pandemic, research into seafarers’ mental health and well-being flourished. However, a systematic review of the literature to assess the type and appropriateness of assessment methods pertaining to the mental health and well-being of seafarers has yet to be undertaken. This study reviews 5 databases (ERIC, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and EBSCO) to assess the methods used to examine seafarers’ mental health and well-being during the pandemic. Peer-reviewed literature alongside grey literature that applied quantitative or qualitative instruments to measure seafarers’ mental health and/or well-being, published in English between March 2020 and February 2023, was eligible for the review. Studies from all geographic regions and regardless of nationality, rank and ship type of the subjects were explored. Database searches produced 272 records. Five additional records were identified via other methods. We identified 27 studies suitable for review, including 24 published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and 3 reports and surveys produced by the industry or welfare organizations. Assessment methods used to measure seafarers’ mental health and well-being vary significantly in the literature. The frequent use of ad hoc questionnaires limits the possibility to replicate and compare the studies due to various inconsistencies. Furthermore, several validation and reliability measures needed more solidity when applied to the seafaring population. Such inadequate measuring and a mix of assessment methods impacted the comparison of results and might inflate the risks of underreporting or overstating mental complaints.
Biased Beliefs About White Releasees’ Sensitivity to Social Pain
Authors: Pejic Samantha R. , Deska Jason C.
Published: November 2023

The accurate perception of others’ pain is a prerequisite to provide needed support. However, social pain perception is prone to biases. Multiple characteristics of individuals bias both physical and social pain judgments (e.g., ethnicity and facial structure). The current work extends this research to a chronically stigmatized population: released prisoners (i.e., releasees). Recognizing the large United States releasee rates and the significant role support plays in successful re-integration, we conducted four studies testing whether people have biased judgments of White male releasees’ sensitivity to social pain. Compared with the noncriminally involved, people judged releasees as less sensitive to social pain in otherwise identical situations (Studies 1a–3), an effect that was mediated by perceived life hardship (Study 2). Finally, judging releasees’ as relatively insensitive to social pain undermined perceivers’ social support judgments (Study 3). The downstream consequences of these findings on re-integration success are discussed.
Opinion: Three leadership roles seen in future leaders
Authors: Sayyadi Mostafa , Provitera Michael J.
Published: November 2023

Leadership has been a circumstance, an event, and a mode of operation, and executives follow recipes. Some recipes are used once, and some are thrown in the trash. The ones that are in focus are those that reap the largest benefits to the stakeholders. In practice, leadership is a set of roles that inspire employees and become role models for them. A leader’s personality must be also continuously discerned. This requires outside evaluation and suggestions. In this article, we explore leadership through a more detailed lens to define the roles of leaders for the future.
Perceptions over flood insurance in Australia
Authors: Starominski-Uehara Marvin
Published: November 2023

This study reviews perceptions over flood insurance and the purchase of this measure among residents living in Southeast Queensland, Australia. The decision of householders living in eleven suburbs in Brisbane to take up flood insurance is analysed by an exploratory model that regresses a polar dependent variable with 22 independent variables directly associated with flood insurance experience. The main findings, based on a questionnaire personally delivered to 1796 householders (homeowners and renters) randomly selected and representing a survey return rate of 26.16% (N = 469), are (i) the need to review and include a clear definition of ‘flooding’ in insurance policies to minimize unexpected surprises by policyholders claiming coverage for this hazard; (ii) the neutral influence that insurers’ recommendations exert on householders’ decisions to engage in residential flood risk reduction measures; (iii) the self-reliance of householders living in risky areas even in the absence of financial relief provided by public flood insurance schemes; and (iv) the objection of householders to increased insurance premiums based on updates of flood hazard maps. The findings from this case study are assessed based on a literature review before making policy recommendations.
The how and why of handgrip strength assessment
Authors: Myles Louise , Massy-Westropp Nicola , Barnett Fiona
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

Occupational therapists and physiotherapists routinely assess Hand grip Strength (HGS) to evaluate hand function. This study explored the experiences of clinicians who regularly assess and evaluate HGS including the testing protocol utilised, evaluation methods and the influence of various biological and functional factors.

Method:

This exploratory survey ( n = 49) was distributed online to members of the Australian Hand Therapy Association. The questionnaire asked recipients to identify HGS testing protocols, evaluation methods, use of normative data, reasons for assessment and the influence of biological and functional factors on HGS. Demographic data was also collected.

Results:

Sixty-four percent of respondents were occupational therapists and 59% had over 10 years’ experience assessing HGS. The standardised American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT) testing protocol was consistently adopted by only 67% of respondents . Variations in contraction time, scoring and evaluation methods were identified. Gender, age, employment and lifestyle were considered the functional and biological factors which influence HGS.

Conclusion:

This study details how and why occupational therapists and physiotherapists in Australia assess and evaluate HGS. Use of the ASHT testing protocol is not universal. Clinicians rely on the reason for assessment, clinical experience and practice context to determine how they assess and evaluate HGS.
Juvenile Violent Victimization and Adult Criminal Outcomes: The Role of Military Service as a Turning Point in Young Adulthood
Authors: Orak Ugur , Soileau Christine , Harter Jessica , Dobson Claire , Huey Dye Meredith
Published: November 2023

Previous research has consistently shown that juvenile violent victimization is associated with an increased risk of future criminal involvement, a phenomenon commonly known as victim-offender overlap. Despite a growing interest in the factors underlying this overlap, potential roles of major life transitions and turning points that may interrupt and reshape the nature of this developmental association have garnered less academic attention. Analyzing nationally representative data from waves I, IV, and V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; n = 10,205), this study investigates the association between juvenile violent victimization and adult criminal outcomes (i.e., violent offending, non-violent offending, arrest, and incarceration) and whether this association is moderated by military service with and without combat experience in young adulthood. Employing a series of logistic regression analyses and adjusting for a host of covariates, measures of selection, and criminogenic traits, we found that juvenile violent victimization was significantly associated with greater odds of violent offending, arrest, and incarceration in adulthood. Among individuals with violent victimization histories, military service with no combat experience was associated with a 16% decrease in the odds of incarceration in adulthood. Combat experience, however, was associated with over seven times greater odds of violent offending in adulthood for these individuals. These findings have important implications for theory, research, and practice, and highlight the relevance of life transitions and turning points in general, and military service in particular, in mitigating or perpetuating the criminogenic impacts of violent victimization in the life course.
Investigating the torsional characteristics of 3D printed polyvinylidene fluoride composite
Authors: Husain Minhaz , Singh Rupinder , Pabla BS
Published: November 2023

In the recent past some studies have been reported on the compressive, tensile, and flexural properties of 3D-printed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite-based intramedullary (IM) pins for canines. However, in actual working conditions (due to trauma or accident), the IM pin may also be under torsional loading conditions. But hitherto little has been testified on the torsional behavior of PVDF composite-based IM pins. This study highlights the torsional behavior at 1 rpm (from 0 to 800° of the angle of twist/rotation) of PVDF composite (PVDF-90%; hydroxyapatite (HAp8%); chitosan (CS2%)) based IM pin fabricated by fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. The study suggests that better torsional properties were obtained for 3D printed samples prepared at nozzle temperature (NT) of 235°C, raster angle (RA) of 45°, and printing speed (PS) of 60 mm/s respectively resulting in a maximum torque of 3.44 Nm at the angle of twist of 800° (as per ASTM A938). The morphological analysis based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) supports the results of the fractured surface (at cross section) and along the lateral axis.