bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomy and mobility in the adult cadaveric craniocervical junction
Authors: Taverne Maxime , Lalieve Laura , Persohn Sylvain , Khonsari Roman Hossein , Paternoster Giovanna , James Syril , Blauwblomme Thomas , Benichi Sandro , Laporte Sébastien
Published: June 2024

Genetic diseases with craniofacial malformations can be associated with anomalies of the craniocervical joint (CCJ). The functions of the CCJ are thus impaired, as mobility may be either limited by abnormal bone fusion causing headaches, or exaggerated in the case of hypermobility, which may cause irreparable damage to the spinal cord. Restoring the balance between mobility and stability requires surgical correction in children. The anatomy and biomechanics of the CCJ are quite unique, yet have been overlooked in the past decades. Pediatric evidence is so scarce, that investigating the adult CCJ is our best shot to disentangle the form‐function relationships of this anatomical region. The motivation of the present study was to understand the morphological and functional basis of motion in the CCJ, in the hope to find morphological features accessible from medical imaging able to predict mobility. To do so, we have quantified the in‐vitro kinematics of the CCJ in nine cadaveric asymptomatic adults, and estimated a wide range of mobility variables covering the complexity of spinal motion. We compared these variables with the shape of the occipital, the atlas and the axis, obtained using a dense geometric morphometric approach. Morphological joint congruence was also quantified. Our results suggest a strong relationship between bone shape and motion, with the overall geometry predicting best the primary movements, and the joint facets predicting best the secondary movements. We propose a functional hypothesis stating that the musculoligamental system determines movements of great amplitude, while the shape and congruence of joint facets determine the secondary and coupled movements, especially by varying the geometry of bone stops and the way ligaments are tensioned. We believe this work will provide valuable insights in understanding the biomechanics of the CCJ. Furthermore, it should help surgeons treating CCJ anomalies by enabling them to translate objectives of functional and clinical outcome into clear objectives of morphological outcome.
Post‐Myocardial Infarction Remodeling and Hyperkinetic Remote Myocardium in Sheep Measured by Cardiac MRI Feature Tracking
Authors: Cho Steven K.S. , Darby Jack R.T. , Williams Georgia K. , Holman Stacey L. , Rai Archana , Van Amerom Joshua F.P. , Fan Chun‐Po , Macgowan Christopher K. , Selvanayagam Joseph B. , Morrison Janna L. , Seed Mike
Published: June 2024

Background

Cardiac MRI feature tracking (FT) allows objective assessment of segmental left ventricular (LV) function following a myocardial infarction (MI), but its utilization in sheep, where interventions can be tested, is lacking.

Purpose

To apply and validate FT in a sheep model of MI and describe post‐MI LV remodeling.

Study Type

Animal model, longitudinal.

Animal Model

Eighteen lambs (6 months, male, n = 14; female, n = 4; 25.2 ± 4.5 kg).

Field Strength/Sequence

Two‐dimensional balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) and 3D inversion recovery fast low angle shot (IR‐FLASH) sequences at 3 T.

Assessment

Seven lambs underwent test–retest imaging to assess FT interstudy reproducibility. MI was induced in the remaining 11 by coronary ligation with MRI being undertaken before and 15 days post‐MI. Injury size was measured by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and LV volumes, LV mass, ejection fraction (LVEF), and wall thickness (LVWT) were measured, with FT measures of global and segmental radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain.

Statistical Tests

Sampling variability, inter‐study, intra and interobserver reproducibility were assessed using Pearson's correlation, Bland–Altman analyses, and intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC). Diagnostic performance of segmental strain to predict LGE was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Significant differences were considered P < 0.05.

Results

Inter‐study reproducibility of FT was overall good to excellent, with global strain being more reproducible than segmental strain (ICC = 0.89–0.98 vs. 0.77–0.96). MI (4.0 ± 3.7% LV mass) led to LV remodeling, as evident by significantly increased LV volumes and LV mass, and significantly decreased LVWT in injured regions, while LVEF was preserved (54.9 ± 6.9% vs. 55.6 ± 5.7%; P = 0.778). Segmental circumferential strain (CS) correlated most strongly with LGE. Basal and mid‐ CS increased significantly, while apical CS significantly decreased post‐MI.

Data Conclusion

FT is reproducible and compensation by hyperkinetic remote myocardium may manifest as overall preserved global LV function.

Evidence Level

N/A

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Dispersal history of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Galicia, Spain
Authors: Gallego‐García Pilar , Estévez‐Gómez Nuria , De Chiara Loretta , Alvariño Pilar , Juiz‐González Pedro M. , Torres‐Beceiro Isabel , Poza Margarita , Vallejo Juan A. , Rumbo‐Feal Soraya , Conde‐Pérez Kelly , Aja‐Macaya Pablo , Ladra Susana , Moreno‐Flores Antonio , Gude‐González María J. , Coira Amparo , Aguilera Antonio , Costa‐Alcalde José J. , Trastoy Rocío , Barbeito‐Castiñeiras Gema , García‐Souto Daniel , Tubio José M. C. , Trigo‐Daporta Matilde , Camacho‐Zamora Pablo , Costa Juan García , González‐Domínguez María , Canoura‐Fernández Luis , Glez‐Peña Daniel , Pérez‐Castro Sonia , Cabrera Jorge J. , Daviña‐Núñez Carlos , Godoy‐Diz Montserrat , Treinta‐Álvarez Ana Belén , Veiga Maria Isabel , Sousa João Carlos , Osório Nuno S. , Comas Iñaki , González‐Candelas Fernando , Hong Samuel L. , Bollen Nena , Dellicour Simon , Baele Guy , Suchard Marc A. , Lemey Philippe , Agulla Andrés , Bou Germán , Alonso‐García Pilar , Pérez‐del‐Molino María Luisa , García‐Campello Marta , Paz‐Vidal Isabel , Regueiro Benito , Posada David
Published: June 2024

The dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) transmission are influenced by a variety of factors, including social restrictions and the emergence of distinct variants. In this study, we delve into the origins and dissemination of the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron‐BA.1 variants of concern in Galicia, northwest Spain. For this, we leveraged genomic data collected by the EPICOVIGAL Consortium and from the GISAID database, along with mobility information from other Spanish regions and foreign countries. Our analysis indicates that initial introductions during the Alpha phase were predominantly from other Spanish regions and France. However, as the pandemic progressed, introductions from Portugal and the United States became increasingly significant. The number of detected introductions varied from 96 and 101 for Alpha and Delta to 39 for Omicron‐BA.1. Most of these introductions left a low number of descendants (<10), suggesting a limited impact on the evolution of the pandemic in Galicia. Notably, Galicia's major coastal cities emerged as critical hubs for viral transmission, highlighting their role in sustaining and spreading the virus. This research emphasizes the critical role of regional connectivity in the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 and offers essential insights for enhancing public health strategies and surveillance measures.
Complementary feeding approaches and risk of choking: A systematic review
Authors: Correia Lia , Sousa Ana R. , Capitão Carolina , Pedro Ana R.
Published: June 2024

There are two main complementary feeding (CF) approaches: traditional spoon‐feeding (TSF) and baby‐led weaning (BLW). Many parents and healthcare professionals have concerns about the risk of choking associated with BLW. Since asphyxia is one of infants' main causes of death, this study aims to understand the influence of the CF approach adopted by caregivers on infants' risk of choking. A systematic review was performed. The search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. We included randomized controlled trials or observational studies published between January 2010 and November 2023, with a clear definition of the intervention and directly assessing the risk of choking. After the selection procedure, 7 of the 165 studies initially identified were included. No study reported statistically significant differences in the risk of choking between babies following BLW, baby‐led introduction to solids (BLISS), and TSF. In five studies, although not statistically significant, infants in the TSF group had more choking episodes than those in the BLW or BLISS groups. The risk of choking does not seem to be associated with the CF approach. Instead, it may be related to the familiarity of the baby with each texture and the parent's understanding of the information about how to minimize the risk of choking. Recall bias may be present in all included studies. Advice on how to modify foods to make them safer needs to be clearer and reinforced to all parents.
Spray‐dried immobilized lipase from Staphylococcus aureusHA25 for application in detergent industry
Authors: Nadaroglu Hayrunnisa , Baran Alper , Bayrakceken Hatice
Published: June 2024

This study aims to produce an active lipase detergent additive dry powder using spray drying. Staphylococcus aureus HA25, growing at a pH range of 5.0–8.5, was isolated from Erzurum gogermis cheese and purified using a three‐phase partitioning technique. Optimal immobilization processing conditions were determined for 0.1% wt/wt chitosan, alginate, and chitosan/alginate concentrations of pure lipase enzyme. Morphological features of the immobilized enzyme structure were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and structural characterizations were determined using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results showed that the natural structure of the lipase was largely restored upon reconstitution of the spray‐dried immobilized lipase structures in water. While the free enzyme removed 52.6% of the oil added to the cotton fabric, the immobilized lipase@alginate enzyme removed ~98% of the oil added to the cotton fabric at the highest rate when used as a detergent additive. It was found that the reusability activity of chitosan@lipase, alginate@lipase, and chitosan/alginate@lipase enzymes remained at 86.4%, 92.8%, and 88.6% of their original activity, respectively. The study suggests that immobilized variations of the lipase enzyme within chitosan, alginate, and chitosan/alginate matrices may serve as a natural, secure, and efficient substitute for conventional chemical detergents, offering a non‐toxic alternative for additive materials.
Encapsulated pomegranate peel extract as a potential antimicrobial ingredient from food waste
Authors: Rifna Elenjikkal Jerome , Dwivedi Madhuresh
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Pomegranate peel waste is a valuable reservoir of heat‐sensitive total hydrolysable tannins (THT), with potential applications in food and pharmaceuticals. Preserving THT is challenging due to degradation post‐extraction. We explore ionic gelation as an encapsulation method to optimize THT utilization.

RESULTS

Through external gelation, we optimized the process variables using Box–Behnken design. At 40 g kg−1 sodium alginate, 25 g kg−1 calcium chloride, and 300 g kg−1 pomegranate peel extract (PPE), we achieved an 83.65% encapsulation efficiency. Compared to spray drying, external gelation demonstrated superior performance, with enhanced release percentages and stability. Physical, phytochemical, and release profiles of encapsulates were extensively analysed. External gelation achieved an 87.5% release in 30 min, outperforming spray‐dried counterparts (69.7% in 25 min). Encapsulated PPE exhibited robust antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) in powdered infant formula, with a 32 ± 0.01 mm zone of inhibition and 300 μg mL−1 minimum inhibitory concentration. Insights into S. aureus growth curves underlined the mechanism of action via membrane potential alterations. The results of carried investigations also showed that the antibacterial activity of the encapsulated PPE extracts against the targeted organism was identical to the antibacterial activity exhibited by synthetic antibiotics used generally to kill microorganisms in food. Therefore, from the findings, it can be concluded that the PPE encapsulate produced using the external gelation technique at the optimized condition displayed superior storage stability possessing strong antimicrobial activity when compared to encapsulate produced using the spray drying technique.

CONCLUSIONS

External gelation emerges as a potent technique for developing effective encapsulates enriched with natural antimicrobials or antibiotics. This approach holds promise for applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals, enhancing stability and efficacy while reducing reliance on synthetic antibiotics. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Broadband Dispersive‐Wave Emission Coupled with Two‐Stage Soliton Self‐Compression in Gas‐Filled Anti‐Resonant Hollow‐Core Fibers
Authors: Pan Jinyu , Huang Zhiyuan , Chen Yifei , Luo Zhuozhao , Yu Fei , Wu Dakun , Chen Tiandao , Liu Donghan , Yu Yue , He Wenbin , Jiang Xin , Pang Meng , Leng Yuxin , Li Ruxin
Published: June 2024

The underlying mechanism of broadband dispersive‐wave emission within a resonance band of gas‐filled anti‐resonant hollow‐core fiber is studied. Both numerical and experimental results unveiled that the pump pulse with a soliton order of ≈3, launched into the hollow‐core fiber, experienced two stages of pulse compression, resulting in a multi‐peak structure of the emitted dispersive‐wave spectrum. Over the first‐stage pulse compression, a sharp increase of the pulse peak power triggers the first time of dispersive‐wave emission, and simultaneously causes the soliton frequency blue‐shift due to soliton‐plasma interactions. As the central frequency of the blue‐shifting soliton approaches to a resonance band of the hollow‐core fiber, it experiences a fast‐decreasing dispersion value in the fiber waveguide, resulting in the second stage of pulse compression. The second‐stage pulse compression triggers the second time of dispersive‐wave emission with a phase‐matched frequency slightly lower than that at the first stage. Multi‐peak spectra of the output dispersive‐waves and their formation dynamics can be understood using a delicate and unique coupling mechanism among three nonlinear effects including multi‐stage soliton compression, soliton‐plasma interaction, and phase‐matched dispersive‐wave emission. The output broadband dispersive‐wave, exhibiting good coherence and stability, can be potentially compressed to sub‐30 fs duration using a precise chirp‐compensation technique.
Using gaming to prepare health professional students to practice systems thinking
Authors: Watts Sarah , Helms Rachel , Thornton Erin , Fruge Andrew D. , Young Clay , Sewell Jeanna
Published: June 2024

Background

Healthcare professionals face numerous challenges regarding the delivery of care. Creating solutions to these challenges is imperative to improve the quality and safety of care to positively impact patient outcomes. However, health professional students rarely receive formal training regarding systems thinking during didactic components of their professional training.

Aims, Materials, and Methods

Thus, our institution incorporated the Friday Night at the ER (FNER) activity in the interprofessional education curricula to provide an experiential learning experience focused on systems thinking.

Results

A total of 1033 students (483 nursing, 289 pharmacy, 48 nutrition, 26 speech–language pathology, and 187 preferred not to share their discipline or complete the survey) participated in FNER across six separate semester cohorts. The Systems Thinking Scale was completed immediately before and after FNER by 81.5% (pre) and 80.3% (post) of students. Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted and noted combined nursing, pharmacy, nutrition, and speech–language pathology students' total Systems Thinking Scale scores increased significantly from pretest (M = 82.8, SD = 10.6) to posttest (M = 89.7, SD = 10.8), p < 0.001.

Discussion

Our experience indicates this is a meaningful interprofessional activity that prepares students to practice systems thinking in their future careers.

Conclusion

Practicing these skills has the potential to improve learners' ability to implement changes that will positively impact healthcare systems.
Modeling 3D Tumor Invasiveness to Modulate Macrophage Phenotype in a Human‐Based Hydrogel Platform
Authors: Monteiro Cátia F. , Almeida Catarina R. , Custódio Catarina A. , Mano João F.
Published: June 2024

The immune system is a pivotal player in determining tumor fate, contributing to the immunosuppressive microenvironment that supports tumor progression. Considering the emergence of biomaterials as promising platforms to mimic the tumor microenvironment, human platelet lysate (PLMA)‐based hydrogel beads are proposed as 3D platforms to recapitulate the tumor milieu and recreate the synergistic tumor‐macrophage communication. Having characterized the biomaterial‐mediated pro‐regenerative macrophage phenotype, an osteosarcoma spheroid encapsulated into a PLMA hydrogel bead is explored to study macrophage immunomodulation through paracrine signaling. The culture of PLMA‐Tumor beads on the top of a 2D monolayer of macrophages reveals that tumor cells triggered morphologic and metabolic adaptations in macrophages. The cytokine profile, coupled with the upregulation of gene and protein anti‐inflammatory biomarkers clearly indicates macrophage polarization toward an M2‐like phenotype. Moreover, the increased gene expression of chemokines identified as pro‐tumoral environmental regulators suggest a tumor‐associated macrophage phenotype, exclusively stimulated by tumor cells. This pro‐tumoral microenvironment is also found to enhance tumor invasiveness ability and proliferation. Besides providing a robust in vitro immunomodulatory tumor model that faithfully recreates the tumor‐macrophage interplay, this human‐based platform has the potential to provide fundamental insights into immunosuppressive signaling and predict immune‐targeted response.
Sustainable Jute Fiber Sandwich Composites with Hybridization of Short Fiber and Woven Fabric Structures in Core and Skin Layers
Authors: Habib Ahasan , Rajoni Humaira , Sayeed Abu , Islam Mainul , Sajedujjaman Abu Taher Md. , Saifullah Abu , Sarker Forkan
Published: June 2024

Sustainable hybrid composites, made of two different natural plant fiber types, are increasingly being attracted by composite researchers, for their cost effectiveness and ability to control mechanical performances through varying weight ratios of different fibers. In contrast, their lower mechanical properties are reported in the literature, because of strength variations of different fiber types and an improper fiber‐matrix stress distribution. Therefore, it is aimed to develop sustainable hybrid composites from two dry fiber preforms—woven fabric and short fiber preform—originated from same fiber type (jute). A highly packed short fiber preform is used as the core layer, while woven fabrics (plain/twill–rib/twill–diamond) are used in the skin layers for producing sandwiched hybrid jute composites. Mechanical tests and scanning electron microscopy images show that hybridized plain fabric/short fiber preform composites have better mechanical properties (≈58 MPa tensile strength/≈117 MPa flexural strength/≈112.12 kJm−2 impact strength with an ≈487.4% improvement) compared to other fabric structures hybrid/nonhybrid composites. This enhancement is related to the interlocking of short fibers with long plain fabric leading to a strong fiber‐matrix interfacial bonding. Thus, this developed hybrid composites, can be applied in many semi‐structural applications, wherein composites’ low cost and mechanical performances are primary concerns.
Multi‐objective optimization of three mechanical properties of Mg alloys through machine learning
Authors: Gou Wei , Shi Zhang‐Zhi , Zhu Yuman , Gu Xin‐Fu , Dai Fu‐Zhi , Gao Xing‐Yu , Wang Lu‐Ning
Published: June 2024

Conventional trial‐and‐error method is usually time‐consuming and expensive for multi‐objective optimization of Mg alloys. Although machine learning exhibits great potential to accelerate related research studies, machine learning prediction of properties of Mg alloys is often a prediction of a single target at a time. To address this, this paper integrates non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm III multi‐objective optimization algorithm with light gradient boosting machine algorithm to simultaneously optimize yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of Mg alloys. This is the first time that simultaneous machine learning optimization of these three objectives has been achieved for Mg alloys.
Unexpected complexity in the molecular diagnosis of spastic paraplegia 11
Authors: Mademont‐Soler Irene , Esteba‐Castillo Susanna , Jiménez‐Xifra Aida , Alemany Berta , Ribas‐Vidal Núria , Cutillas Maria , Coll Mònica , Pinsach Mel·lina , Pagans Sara , Alcalde Mireia , Viñas‐Jornet Marina , Montero‐Vale Mercedes , de Castro‐Miró Marta , Rodríguez Jairo , Armengol Lluís , Queralt Xavier , Obón María
Published: June 2024

Background

Spastic paraplegia 11 (SPG11) is the most prevalent form of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia, resulting from biallelic pathogenic variants in the SPG11 gene (MIM *610844).

Methods

The proband is a 36‐year‐old female referred for genetic evaluation due to cognitive dysfunction, gait impairment, and corpus callosum atrophy (brain MRI was normal at 25‐years‐old). Diagnostic approaches included CGH array, next‐generation sequencing, and whole transcriptome sequencing.

Results

CGH array revealed a 180 kb deletion located upstream of SPG11. Sequencing of SPG11 uncovered two rare single nucleotide variants: the novel variant c.3143C>T in exon 17 (in cis with the deletion), and the previously reported pathogenic variant c.6409C>T in exon 34 (in trans). Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that the variant c.3143C>T caused exon 17 skipping.

Conclusion

We report a novel sequence variant in the SPG11 gene resulting in exon 17 skipping, which, along with a nonsense variant, causes Spastic Paraplegia 11 in our proband. In addition, a deletion upstream of SPG11 was identified in the patient, whose implication in the phenotype remains uncertain. Nonetheless, the deletion apparently affects cis‐regulatory elements of the gene, suggesting a potential new pathogenic mechanism underlying the disease in a subset of undiagnosed patients. Our findings further support the hypothesis that the origin of thin corpus callosum in patients with SPG11 is of progressive nature.
A novel alcohol dehydrogenase in the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Hyperthermus butylicus
Authors: Tse Ching , Ma Kesen
Published: June 2024

Hyperthermus butylicus is a hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon that produces 1‐butanol as an end product. A thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) must be present in H. butylicus to act as the key enzyme responsible for this production; however, the gene that encodes the ADH has not yet been identified. A novel ADH, HbADH2, was purified from a cell‐free extract of H. butylicus, and its characteristics were determined. The gene that encodes HbADH2 was demonstrated to be HBUT_RS04850 and annotated as a hypothetical protein in H. butylicus. HbADH2 was found to be a primary–secondary ADH capable of using a wide range of substrates, including butyraldehyde and butanol. Butyraldehyde had the highest specificity constant, calculated as kcat/Km, with kcat and apparent Km values of 8.00 ± 0.22 s−1 and 0.59 ± 0.07 mM, respectively. The apparent Km values for other substrates, including ethanol, 1‐propanol, 2‐propanol, butanol, acetaldehyde, propanal, and acetone, were 4.36 ± 0.42, 4.69 ± 0.41, 3.74 ± 0.46, 2.44 ± 0.30, 1.27 ± 0.18, 1.55 ± 0.20, and 0.68 ± 0.04 mM, respectively. The optimal pH values for catalyzing aldehyde reduction and alcohol oxidation were 6.0 and 9.0, respectively, while the optimal temperature was higher than 90°C due to the increase in enzymatic activity from 60°C to 90°C. Based on its substrate specificity, enzyme kinetics, and thermostability, HbADH2 may be the ADH that catalyzes the production of 1‐butanol in H. butylicus. The putative conserved motif sites for NAD(P)+ and iron binding were identified by aligning HbADH2 with previously characterized Fe‐containing ADHs.
Cofitness network connectivity determines a fuzzy essential zone in open bacterial pangenome
Authors: Zhang Pan , Zhang Biliang , Ji Yuan‐Yuan , Jiao Jian , Zhang Ziding , Tian Chang‐Fu
Published: June 2024

Most in silico evolutionary studies commonly assumed that core genes are essential for cellular function, while accessory genes are dispensable, particularly in nutrient‐rich environments. However, this assumption is seldom tested genetically within the pangenome context. In this study, we conducted a robust pangenomic Tn‐seq analysis of fitness genes in a nutrient‐rich medium for Sinorhizobium strains with a canonical open pangenome. To evaluate the robustness of fitness category assignment, Tn‐seq data for three independent mutant libraries per strain were analyzed by three methods, which indicates that the Hidden Markov Model (HMM)‐based method is most robust to variations between mutant libraries and not sensitive to data size, outperforming the Bayesian and Monte Carlo simulation‐based methods. Consequently, the HMM method was used to classify the fitness category. Fitness genes, categorized as essential (ES), advantage (GA), and disadvantage (GD) genes for growth, are enriched in core genes, while nonessential genes (NE) are over‐represented in accessory genes. Accessory ES/GA genes showed a lower fitness effect than core ES/GA genes. Connectivity degrees in the cofitness network decrease in the order of ES, GD, and GA/NE. In addition to accessory genes, 1599 out of 3284 core genes display differential essentiality across test strains. Within the pangenome core, both shared quasi‐essential (ES and GA) and strain‐dependent fitness genes are enriched in similar functional categories. Our analysis demonstrates a considerable fuzzy essential zone determined by cofitness connectivity degrees in Sinorhizobium pangenome and highlights the power of the cofitness network in understanding the genetic basis of ever‐increasing prokaryotic pangenome data.
Orthonormal discrete Legendre polynomials for stochastic distributed‐order time‐fractional fourth‐order delay sub‐diffusion equation
Authors: Heydari M. H. , Razzaghi M.
Published: June 2024

In this study, the stochastic distributed‐order time‐fractional version of the fourth‐order delay sub‐diffusion equation is defined by employing the Caputo fractional derivative. The orthonormal discrete Legendre polynomials, as a well‐known family of discrete polynomials basis functions, are used to develop a numerical method to solve this equation. To employ these polynomials in constructing the expressed approach, the operational matrices of the classical integration, differentiation (ordinary, fractional and distributed‐order fractional), and stochastic integration of these polynomials are extracted. The established method turns solving the introduced stochastic‐fractional equation into solving a more simple linear algebraic system of equations. In fact, by representing the unknown solution in terms of the introduced polynomials and employing the extracted matrices, this system is obtained. The accuracy of the developed algorithm is numerically checked by solving two examples.
Multispecies Lotka–Volterra competition–diffusion system with forcing terms depending on the variables
Authors: Au Vo Van
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we study the diffusive Lotka–Volterra system containing the variable coefficients. In the Sobolev‐space settings, we achieve the well‐posedness properties (existence and regularity) and large‐time asymptotics (continuation and global existence or finite‐time blowup) of the solutions in the Sobolev spaces and time‐weighted Sobolev spaces.
Lagrange stability of quaternion‐valued memristive neural networks
Authors: Huang Qun , Ma Nan , Tu Zhengwen
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the Lagrange stability (LS) for quaternion memristive neural networks with time delay is taken into consideration. On the strength of Lyapunov function, conclusions are derived such that the resultant system is stable in Lagrange sense. The analysis procedure adopts properties of quaternions instead of conventional decomposition method. The nonlinear scalarization approach is further exploited to compare the size of the quaternion, which makes the convex closures formed by quaternions more noteworthy.
Phase inverter design using substrate‐integrated coaxial line with wideband performance
Authors: Ho Min‐Hua , Lee Keh‐Yi , Hsu Chung‐I. G. , Chiau Jia‐Ming
Published: June 2024

This research introduces an innovative phase inverter (PI) design using a substrate‐integrated coaxial line (SICL). The proposed SICL PI is achieved by bisecting the SICL with two I‐shape slots embedded on the top and bottom broad‐side walls of the SICL. The central signal strip is also bisected, and the divided strips are diverted to the top/bottom walls on the other side of the slots through one or two via‐holes. Thus, phase inversion is obtained by swapping the potentials of the central strip and the top/bottom walls. A transition between the feeding SMA and the SICL is also developed to facilitate measurements. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SICL PI exhibits a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 2.74–4.66 GHz (51.8%) under the criteria of return losses greater than 10 dB, insertion losses less than 0.5 dB, and phase deviation within ±15°.
Dielectric characterization using waveguide method for antenna and radome materials in space applications
Authors: Kiris Orcun , Ozturk Fahri
Published: June 2024

This paper presents accurate, prompt, and cost‐effective relative permittivity and loss tangent measurements of low‐loss dielectrics such as DuPontTM VESPEL® SP‐1 and VictrexTM polyetherketone (PEEK) 450G, which are commonly used materials in space communication antennas. It is essential for an antenna engineer to have the information regarding the electrical properties, that is, dielectric permittivity, dielectric loss tangent, magnetic permeability, and magnetic loss tangent at the frequency of interest. The test method relies on the accurate measurements of the S‐parameters of the sample under test by means of Through‐Reflect‐Line (TRL) calibration using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). Nicholson‐Ross‐Weir (NRW) method is employed to get the conversion from S‐parameters to both complex permittivity and permeability values of the samples. The experimental results are verified with the literature data of Teflon and relative permittivity and loss tangent measurements of VESPEL® SP‐1 (, ) and PEEK 450G (, ) are presented for X‐band (8‐10 GHz) frequencies.
A positioning approach to upper extremity sonographic evaluation and intervention
Authors: Schwanz Kersten L. , Senk Alexander M.
Published: June 2024

Total supported abduction, or TSA, is a position for ultrasound evaluations and guided interventions of the upper extremity. It provides optimal access to the medial arm through the volar wrist and palmar hand for diagnostic evaluations of the median and ulnar nerves as well as procedures including injections for carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar neuropathy at the elbow, and stenosing tenosynovitis. It enables ease of both ipsilateral and bilateral evaluations/interventions without the need for significant positional changes by the patient or physician. Incorporation of TSA may enhance clinical efficiency by reducing the amount of time, materials, and space required to provide such services.
Risk of peripheral neuropathy in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. A prospective cohort study
Authors: Doneddu Pietro E. , Borroni Riccardo , Ceribelli Angela , Carta Francesca , Sechi Margherita , Moretti Giulia S. , Giordano Andrea , Scheveger Francesco , Moret Federica , Fernandes Marco , Gentile Francesco , Valenti Mario , Luciano Nicoletta , Bianchi Elisa , Costanzo Antonio , De Nittis Pasquale E. , Selmi Carlo , Nobile‐Orazio Eduardo
Published: June 2024

Introduction/Aims

Laboratory and clinical data suggest a link between neurologically mediated inflammation and psoriasis, but the risk and features of peripheral neuropathy in psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis remain unknown. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the risk and to describe the features of peripheral neuropathy in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Methods

One hundred patients with psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis and 100 control subjects were consecutively enrolled. Diagnostic confirmation included electrophysiological examination, skin biopsy, and nerve ultrasound for confirmed polyneuropathy.

Results

Nine patients were diagnosed with confirmed polyneuropathy, while none of the control subjects had the condition (relative risk [RR] = 19.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–322.11). Specific relative risks for polyneuropathy were 22.09 (95% CI = 1.17–416.43) in psoriasis patients and 18.75 (95% CI = 1.07–327.62) in psoriatic arthritis patients. The observed polyneuropathy in all nine patients was length‐dependent, symmetrical, and predominantly sensory, with minimal or no disability. Comorbidities and exposure to therapies known to increase the risk of polyneuropathy were more frequent in psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis patients compared to controls (42% vs. 4%, p = .0001). Analyzing data after excluding possible contributory causes, the risk of polyneuropathy in patients with psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis was not significant.

Discussion

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis appear to be associated with an increased risk of polyneuropathy. This increased risk seems to be linked to the higher prevalence of contributing factors for polyneuropathy, rather than a direct increase in neuropathy risk specifically related to psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
Analysis of a class of spectral volume methods for linear scalar hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Lu Jianfang , Jiang Yan , Shu Chi‐Wang , Zhang Mengping
Published: June 2024

In this article, we study the spectral volume (SV) methods for scalar hyperbolic conservation laws with a class of subdivision points under the Petrov–Galerkin framework. Due to the strong connection between the DG method and the SV method with the appropriate choice of the subdivision points, it is natural to analyze the SV method in the Galerkin form and derive the analogous theoretical results as in the DG method. This article considers a class of SV methods, whose subdivision points are the zeros of a specific polynomial with a parameter in it. Properties of the piecewise constant functions under this subdivision, including the orthogonality between the trial solution space and test function space, are provided. With the aid of these properties, we are able to derive the energy stability, optimal a priori error estimates of SV methods with arbitrary high order accuracy. We also study the superconvergence of the numerical solution with the correction function technique, and show the order of superconvergence would be different with different choices of the subdivision points. In the numerical experiments, by choosing different parameters in the SV method, the theoretical findings are confirmed by the numerical results.
The journal and the quest for epistemic justice
Authors: Dadze‐Arthur Abena , Mangai Mary S.
Published: June 2024

Recognising the growing interconnectivity of academic publishing with larger socio‐political shifts, this article charts the increasing momentum behind the push for greater epistemic diversity in academic journals. Our systematic review of PAD's publications from 1947 to May 2023 in Atlas.ti seeks to illuminate the operational factors steering the discourse. Using a structured approach, which is rooted in six constitutive varieties of epistemic justice, to guide a Foucauldian discourse analysis, the review gauges epistemic inclusivity in academic works. The results highlight the significance of decolonising knowledge, which is undergirded by pillars like hermeneutic and testimonial justice, the epistemic justice of interpretive burden, and metalinguistic awareness. Notably, the emphasis on citational justice emerges in the findings as an essential facet of testimonial justice.
Development of carbon dots‐immobilized fluorescent polylactic acid hydrogel ink toward security authentication
Authors: Khalaf Mai M. , Gouda Mohamed , Hamdalla Taymour A. , Taleb Manal F. Abou , El‐Lateef Hany M. Abd
Published: June 2024

A self‐healable hydrogel for advanced authentication applications was successfully developed. In the presence of an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide as a cheap passivating agent, the hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose diacetate extracted from rice straw yielded nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (NdCD) in a straightforward and ecologically beneficial manner. NdCD achieved a maximum quantum yield of 25.11%. Self‐healing biocomposite inks with different emission properties were created by using different concentrations of NdCD nanoparticles (NPs). In order to create a transparent layer of NdCD@PLA hydrogel, stamps were used to press homogenous films onto paper surfaces. Polylactic acid (PLA) hydrogel was embedded with NPs of NdCD. Self‐healing security hydrogel inks are highly durable. The NdCD@PLA hydrogel is efficiently self‐healable at room temperature. The current NdCD@PLA hydrogel can attach to different surfaces, such as glasses, plastics, and papers. The self‐healable nanobiocomposite was photostable when exposed to UV light. Under UV light, NdCD‐containing nanobiocomposite inks have a bluish color, as proved by both colorimetric parameters and fluorescence spectra. The morphological properties of NdCD were studied by transmission electron microscopy to suggest a particle diameter of 10–15 nm. The morphology of the fluorescent prints was analyzed using a number of different analytical methods. The hydrogel rheology and the mechanical performance of printed papers were tested. The printed films showed excitation and fluorescence bands at 401 and 488 nm, respectively. The present smart ink shows significant promise as a potential industrial production technique to simply produce anti‐counterfeiting prints.

Highlights

Rice straws were used to prepare nitrogen‐doped carbon dots with a quantum yield of 25.11%.

Self‐healable polylactic acid hydrogel was immobilized with N‐doped carbon dots (10–15 nm).

Transparent printed films shifted in color to blue (488 nm) when excited at 401 nm.

Ultraviolet‐stimulated photochromic authentication prints were prepared.

Printed paper demonstrated non‐cytotoxicity, high photostability, and durability.
Effects of exercise interventions on quality of life in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Bing , Zhang Peizhen , Zhao Haojie , Zhang Xiaojie , Gao Hongyue , Dong Jiating , Zeng Liqing , Pi Peng , Pei Jiayi
Published: June 2024

Objective

To compare and rank the effectiveness of four primary categories of exercise modalities (aerobic, resistance, mind‐body, and combined exercise [CE]) in improving the Quality of life (QoL) of women with breast cancer in a network meta‐analysis (NMA).

Methods

Articles published in English and indexed in the PubMed (MEDLINE), EBSCO, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL Plus databases were identified from inception to 12 October 2023. Studies that met the eligibility criteria were assessed for risk of bias. A frequentist NMA was conducted to appraise the efficacy of different exercise types.

Results

This study included 56 studies with 3904 participants. Aerobic, mind‐body, and combined exercises effectively improved QoL compared to controls. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) indicated that CE best improved patients' QoL (SUCRA = 96.7%). Analysis of the secondary outcomes suggests that exercise reduced patients' depression (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.70 to −0.06, p < 0.001; I2 = 79%) and anxiety (SMD = −0.50, 95% CI = −0.69 to −0.31, p < 0.001; I2 = 27.4%) but did not affect self‐esteem.

Conclusion

All exercise types but resistance were effective in improving the QoL of women with breast cancer, CE (the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise) had the highest likelihood of being optimal for improving QoL.
Oncologists' psychological flourishing: A driving force for positive attitudes at work
Authors: Bossard Marie , Lejeune Julien , Coillot Hélène , Colombat Philippe , Fouquereau Evelyne
Published: June 2024

Objective

Oncologists' psychological health is a major challenge due to the consequential concerning the quality of the care they provide. However, only critical states of their health have been really examined by scientists. This study sought to plug this gap by investigating the mediating role of psychological flourishing in the relationship between the perception of the professional social context (i.e., perceived workplace isolation and organizational support) and positive attitudes at work among oncologists (i.e., work engagement, task adjustment and empathy).

Methods

The study was a cross‐sectional, including 541 French oncologists. Participants completed a self‐report questionnaire. Structural Equation Modeling was employed to test the hypotheses.

Results

The analysis revealed that workplace isolation and organizational support perceptions were related to oncologists' work engagement, task adjustment and empathy. Additionally, psychological flourishing acted as a partial mediator between these perceptions of professional social context and oncologists' work‐related attitudes.

Conclusions

This research underlined the potential of enhancing the psychological flourishing of oncologists by improving organizational support and mitigating their sense of isolation, and in turn, to enhance some dimensions of their positive attitudes at work.
Preclinical evaluation of ELP‐004 in mice
Authors: McCall Jamie L. , Geldenhuys Werner J. , Robinson Lisa J. , Witt Michelle R. , Gannett Peter M. , Söderberg Björn C. G. , Blair Harry C. , Soboloff Jonathan , Barnett John B.
Published: June 2024

This study provides a detailed understanding of the preclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ELP‐004, an osteoclast inhibitor in development for the treatment of bone erosion. Current treatments for arthritis, including biological disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, are not well‐tolerated in a substantial subset of arthritis patients and are expensive; therefore, new treatments are needed. Pharmacokinetic parameters of ELP‐004 were tested with intravenous, oral, and subcutaneous administration and found to be rapidly absorbed and distributed. We found that ELP‐004 was non‐mutagenic, did not induce chromosome aberrations, non‐cardiotoxic, and had minimal off‐target effects. Using in vitro hepatic systems, we found that ELP‐004 is primarily metabolized by CYP1A2 and CYP2B6 and predicted metabolic pathways were identified. Finally, we show that ELP‐004 inhibits osteoclast differentiation without suppressing overall T‐cell function. These preclinical data will inform future development of an oral compound as well as in vivo efficacy studies in mice.
Oviposition patterns of primary lepidopteran defoliators in soybean and the impact on structured refuge recommendations
Authors: Gonçalves Jaciara , Calixto Eduardo Soares , de Freitas Bueno Adeney , Dourado Patrick Marques , Paula‐Moraes Silvana V.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Transgenic Bt technology in soybean, with plants expressing Cry1Ac, has been adopted as an insect pest management tool. It was first adopted in large areas of South America and Asia in 2013. The risk of resistance in target pests to this technology demands insect resistance management (IRM) programs. In Brazil, a structured refuge (area of non‐Bt soybean) planted adjacent to the Bt soybean crop has been an important IRM recommendation, particularly for the primary lepidopteran defoliators Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The overall goal of this study was to validate IRM recommendations to Bt soybean. The objectives were to document the impact of soybean phenology, cultivar choice and non‐Bt soybean defoliation on moth oviposition. In addition, a mark‐release‐recapture study estimated the dispersal capacity of these species. Five field experiments per species were performed for 3 years.

RESULTS

Our results revealed an increase in A. gemmatalis and C. includens oviposition, respectively, on Bt plants as a consequence of the difference in plant growth stage at the time of oviposition. Defoliation of non‐Bt plants significantly increased the oviposition preference of both moth species for Bt plants. The mark‐release‐recapture experiment indicated an average dispersal distance of ~300 m from the release point for A. gemmatalis, with maximum recapture at 1000 m.

CONCLUSION

Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of planting synchronization of Bt soybean and the structured refuge. In addition, when operational aspects in large soybean areas challenge this recommendation, the priority should be for planting the refuge area first. This approach will minimize the impact of selective oviposition of A. gemmatalis and C. includens. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Electrical Properties of N‐Polar GaN/AlGaN/AlN Grown via Metal‐Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy
Authors: Zazuli Aina Hiyama , Kowaki Taketo , Miyamoto Minagi , Hanasaku Koki , Inahara Daisuke , Fujii Kai , Kurai Satoshi , Okada Narihito , Yamada Yoichi
Published: June 2024

The metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) method faces several challenges when used for the growth of N‐polar GaN on foreign substrates, including the presence of a rough surface morphology characterized by step bunching or hexagonal hillocks. In this study, it is aimed to address these issues by establishing optimal growth conditions for the MOVPE method, enabling the growth of N‐polar GaN/Al0.9Ga0.1N/AlN heterostructures with a smooth surface morphology on a vicinal sapphire substrate. The formation of 2D electron gas (2DEG) in N‐polar GaN/AlGaN/AlN prepared using MOVPE is discussed. Additionally, in the study, the impact of growth conditions, such as temperature and V/III ratio, on the electrical properties of N‐polar GaN is investigated. In the results, it is revealed that growth at lower temperatures and a V/III ratio of 30 000 effectively suppresses 3D growth. Moreover, an increase in the V/III ratio correlates with a decrease in residual impurity concentrations (C and H); hence, electron mobility improves. Moreover, the N‐polar GaN/AlGaN/AlN field‐effect transistor, grown under optimized conditions, exhibits a higher maximum drain–source current (IDmax). In these results, possibilities are broadened for the high performance of N‐polar GaN channel high‐electron‐mobility transistors through MOVPE.