bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Present Research State and Perspective of the Titaniferous Blast-Furnace's Complex Utilization
Authors: Gao Shui Jing , Xiao Shu Juan , Hou Gui Qin , Wang Xiao Yan , Zhang Wen Li
Published: March 2013

Because of the discharging of the titaniferous blast-furnace, large quantities of titanium resource have run off ,its utilization has been the focus of people'cencerning. This article introduced the present research state of the titaniferous blast-furnace'complex utilization,and it analysed the open question and the feasibility of titaniferous blast-furnace'applying at photocatalysis area.This article also prospected the titaniferous blast-furnace's research foreground.
Effects of Lattice and Thermal Mismatch Induced by Different Seed Layers on (Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3 Ferroelectric Thin Film
Authors: Gong Yue Qiu , Huang Ren Jie , Li Xu Jun , Zheng Xue Jun
Published: March 2013

(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NKBT20) lead free environmental protection thin films were deposited on Si(100), Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100), LaNiO3/SiO2/Si(100) and SrTiO3(STO)/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) by metal organic decomposition, and the effects of mismatch induced by different seed layers on microstructures, leakage current density, ferroelectric and dielectric properties of these thin films were investigated in detail. The NKBT20/STO thin film with single perovskite phase is of the largest grain size, dielectric constant, remnant polarization and the smallest leakage current density. This could be attributed to the fact that the optimum seed layers can lower the lattice and thermal mismatch between the seed layers and the thin film. The improved electric properties may make NKBT20/STO thin film a promising candidate in micro-electro-mechanical system.
Composition Design, Microstructure and Properties of Ultra-High-Strength Steel Using for Energy Storage Flywheels
Authors: Li Zhen , Jiang Tao , Wang Xiang , Li Li
Published: March 2013

According to the properties request of energy storage flywheels running in high speed, chemical composition of a new ultra-high-strength steel has been designed. The designed steel specimen was prepared using intermediate frequency induction furnace and its transformation point, which had been simulated and calculated through J-Mat software in advance together with cooling curves, was investigated using by thermal dilatometer. Then the microstructure and mechanical properties of the designed steel have been evaluated by means of OM, SEM, durometer and universal material tensile tester. Simulation results showed that the pearlitic transformation of designed steel occurred at 687-453°C and bainite transformation at 453-340°C. Martensitic transformation started at 340°C and terminated at 220°C. The experimental results indicated that the casting microstructure of the designed steel was a duplex structure consisting of martensite and acicular bainite with a small amount of retained austenite. The austenization temperature ranged from 698°C to 790°C. The superior comprehensive mechanical properties of tensile strength of 1900MPa and elongation of 6.65% as well as the microstructure of tempered martensite was obtained after heat treatment.
Palm Oil Polyol/ Polyurethane Shape Memory Nanocomposites
Authors: Ahmad Zubir Syazana , Sahrim Ahmad , Ernie Suzana Ali
Published: March 2013

A series of nanoclay reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane with shape memory effect have been successfully synthesized via two-step polymerization process. The polyurethanes are composed of polycaprolactonediol, palm oil polyol, 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol. Nanoclay was added in order to improve the overall properties of the pristine polyurethane. Besides, the addition of palm oil polyol is believed to enhance the crosslinking process and further improve the properties. X-ray diffraction result showed that there is a decrease in crystallinity of polyurethane nanocomposites as clay is added. Good shape memory and mechanical properties of resulting polyurethane nanocomposites were obtained in this work.
Feather Model and Application
Authors: Zhang Jing Hua , Wang Ren Huang , Yue Hong Wei , Li Yi Yue
Published: March 2013

This paper establish feather piece section, volume and weight and other related mathematical calculation model and its corresponding moment of inertia computation model, then establishes a mathematic model to calculate the square of a natural feather rachis’ section by image processing and the method of least squares. Meanwhile, the formulae for calculating the volume and mass of the natural feather rachis are also provided. The results out of calculation basically accords with those out of actual measurement, which proves the feasibility of the formulae. This paper works out the formula for calculating the moment of inertia of natural feather when the arch degree is not taken into consideration, and it also puts forward a formula for calculating the moment of inertia of natural feather with an insertion angle. This paper first puts forward the feather piece model and moment of inertia calculation model, which to help badminton flight characteristics research and have practical value.
Microstructure and Interface of TiC In Situ Synthesized Reinforced Steel-Based Surface Composite Prepared by V-EPC Infiltrating Method
Authors: Li Zu Lai , Jiang Ye Hua , Huang Ru Qing , Zhou Rong , Yang Hao , Shan Quan
Published: March 2013

In order to optimize the processing parameters of TiC/steel composite materials, in-situ TiC particle reinforced steel-based surface composites were prepared by vacuum evaporative pattern casting (V-EPC) infiltration process, and the structure and interface of the composites were investigated. The results show that, TiC particle size with Ti-C-20wt%Fe reaction system was much smaller than the composite with Ti-C reaction system in the same location of the composites. In the composites, the TiC particle size and volume fraction increased and spherical degree dropped from the tradition layers (interface between the substrate and the composite layer) to the outer surface. But the increase of TiC particle size (1-3μm) and volume fractions (25.8%-43.5%) in the composite with Ti-C-20wt%Fe reaction system was obviously lower than that of TiC particle size (1-10μm) and volume fractions (12.3%- 67.7%) in the composite with Ti-C reaction system. The bond zone between TiC particles and the matrices was totally metallurgical bonding without apparent interface. Comparing with the composite with Ti-C-xFe reaction system, the tradition layer with Ti-C reaction system has a poorer internal quality. The forming process of TiC in situ synthesized reinforced steel substrate surface composites prepared by V-EPC infiltrating process was infiltrating of the melting and carbothermal reactions of C and Ti powder the result of joint action.
Prediction Welding Quality in Multi-Pass Welding Process Using Mahalanobis Distance Method
Authors: Chand Reenal Ritesh , Kim Ill Soo , Lee Ji Hye , Kim Ji Sun
Published: March 2013

The welding quality in multi-pass welding is mainly dependent on the pre-heating from pervious pass or root-pass welding. In this study, a Mahalanobis Distance and normal distribution method is illustrated and employed to determine whether welding faults have occurred after each pass welding and also to quantify welding quality percentage. To successfully accomplish this objective, sets of multi-pass welding experiment were performed with different welding parameters in each pass; the welded samples of SS400 steel flats adopting the bead-on-plate technique were employed in the experiment. The result of current and voltage for each pass is obtained through the real time mentoring systems. In order to verify the effect of the performance and weld quality of the different weld-pass, Mahalanobis distances for voltage and current values were calculated and used for qualitative and quantitative analysis with comparison to values obtained from the root-pass as reference welds. The results of the experiment and statistical analysis have demonstrated that the weld faults after each weld pass is feasible.
Technical Properties and Economic Feasibility of Recycled Concrete
Authors: Wang Chen Xia , Liu Long Gang
Published: March 2013

The paper summarized the technical properties and source of recycled concrete based on the research literature. It mainly includes the mechanical properties, physical properties, the impermeability, dry shrinkage properties and the uncracking of recycled concrete, and economic feasibility of recycled concrete. The feasibility of recycled concrete use are proposed, and economic benefit, social benefit environmental protection benefit is obvious.
Research on the Annoyance Rate of Vehicle Vibration Serviceability
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Chao Feng
Published: March 2013

An important problem in current analysis method is that one can hardly know the exact structural design effects when using the conventional guidelines. In order to solve the problem, the annoyance rate analytical method suitable for vibration serviceability analysis of vehicle was constructed from a viewpoint of psychophysics, based on the existing basic method of methods and referenced to experimental studies at home and abroad. As an application example of annoyance rate method, a nonlinear vibrations system with two-DOF was built. The acceleration response of the vibration system under random loads of Gaussian distribution was analyzed with the new method. The result shows that the most important advantage of the annoyance-rate method is that it has the more quantitative characteristic and its results well coincide with those of the ISO method.
An Improved Frequency Conversion Constant Pressure Water Supply Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jin , Li Chen , Zhu Zhi Liang
Published: March 2013

A new frequency conversion pressure water supply algorithm with efficiency and low-power consumption has been proposed for residents’ district. An inverter was used for start-up, running and frequency conversion to drive three motors in the algorithm, one extra motors together with the other three were running with the recycling mode and timing pump change mode. The data acquisition and device status control were through the inverter and PLC connection, so as to achieve the constant pressure water supply of residential area. On-site commissioning and operation shows the effectiveness of the algorithm.
The Review of Cache Application Technology in CMP
Authors: Li Shuo , Xu Gao Chao , Qiao Xiao Lin , Wu Feng
Published: March 2013

The chip-multiprocessor (CMP) have been main stream of current processors, and it integrates the multi-core into the chip so that it can make full use of the growing transistor resources; in the meantime the further development and utilization make the thread level parallelism become possible. In CMP structure Cache plays a more and more important role. So we introduce some new cache technology in this paper.
A New Wavelet Digital Watermarking Algorithm
Authors: Wang Yao Qi , Wang Xiao Peng , King Raji Rafiu
Published: March 2013

A new DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) algorithm is proposed based on data storage. Since the image data stored in the memory position with the image itself are unrelated. The focus of the research is on the image data in memory, relegating the traditional algorithm which is based on the entire image. The image data is divided into the appropriate data blocks, and DWT is carried out for each block independently. At the same time, taking into account the watermark invisibility and robustness and in order to improve the watermark safety and concealment, watermark is encrypted before embedding. Synthetic application of data segmentation, watermark scrambling and multi-resolution analysis in the algorithm is effected. Not only is watermarking invisible, but also has a better robustness for image processing such as noise, filtering, shearing, and so on.
Case Study on Business Model Innovation of Online Group-Buying Enterprise - Juhuasuan
Authors: Hu Yong Quan , Wang Bing
Published: March 2013

Business model plays a crucial role in the process of development of online group-buying industry. In this paper, we choose Juhuasuan as research object and analyze its constitute factors and operation mechanism of business model using grounded theory and qualitative analysis software Nvivo 8 based on a database constructed with interviews , collected data. We find that: a)Compared to Osterwalder’s business model, online group-buying enterprise business model covers environment and social responsibility;b)Resources acquisition, value creation and cost-to-income constitute online group-buying enterprise business model;c) Resources acquisition and cost-to-income provide a bracket to online group-buying enterprise value creation and they construct operation mechanism of online group-buying enterprise together.
An Assessment of the Accuracy of Cost Estimation Using Building Information Modeling in Design Process
Authors: Kim Gwang Hee , Park Hyun Young , Shin Jae Min
Published: March 2013

The completion of the design drawing has not been credited in the construction market in Korea, and the modeling information of the design phase cannot be effectively used in an estimation process. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the cost estimating accuracy of a BIM tool in the design process to verify its applicability. Modeling was done for a building in an actual project to evaluate the applicability, from which the causes of errors of quantity take-off were derived.
Campus Network Security Analysis and Practice
Authors: Qiu Yang
Published: March 2013

Building a safety campus network is a significant subject which involves various aspects. Based on existing network devices, we use VLAN method to prevent part of virus and broadcast storm spread, firewall technology is used to block external risk and protect internal network. Managing access control list configuration and port binding can guarantee the security of the campus network．
Implementation of PPP Protocol in μC/OS- II Operating System
Authors: Qiao Yi , Xue Xu
Published: March 2013

Recently, embedded systems had a tremendous impact on human life. With the development of society, making embedded devices access Internet to share the network resources is the inevitable trend of future development. This paper describes the structure of hardware platform of system, LM3S8962 processor. Then the functions of task management, interrupt management and clock management are analyzed. And by modifying and compiling these codes related with processor, μC/OS-Ⅱ will be ported on the development board, which provides software platform for design and implementation of PPP his article introduces the course of design and implementation of PPP on the software and hardware platform emphatically, including design of main module, LCP module, PAP module, NCP module and PPP module.
Study of Greedy Genetic Algorithm for Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Wang Shi Fang , Tian Li , Wang Qiang Qiang
Published: March 2013

Based on greedy policies, the greedy genetic algorithm (GGA) is proposed for multi-objective optimization problems. In the process of evolution, the greedy policies are used to initialize population, generate crossover and mutation operator, and add new individuals to the population every a few generations. All these procedures are designed to prevent premature convergence and improve the performance of Pareto front，which can be showed by examples of six test functions.
A Novel Reliability-Driven Heuristic for Grid Task Scheduling
Authors: Wu Lin , Fang Cai Li , Yan Cao Kun
Published: March 2013

Under dynamic, unreliable grid environment, a novel heuristic based on average reliability of task is proposed, which task into account the failure condition and dynamic workload of Grid. On the basis of the heuristic strategy proposed, this paper improved two classic scheduling algorithms, Min-min and Sufferage, to improve execution reliability of grid task. Moreover, a new greedy algorithm, GR, is proposed in the paper. The simulation experimental results indicate that the algorithms based on the average reliability heuristic are better than Min-min and Sufferage in terms of task completion ratio by 10%, which can guarantee the user's deadline efficiently.
Application of GSBSI Theory for Calculating the Relationship between R&D Investment and Economic Growth in China
Authors: Wang Zheng Xin
Published: March 2013

Grey symmetry balanced system in impact (GSBSI) was applied to analyze the interactive effect between R&D investment and economic growth in China. A coordination degree was designed for measuring the interactive effects. The results show that symmetry balanced relation between the self-impact on R&D investment and the applied-impact from economic growth holds well, but R&D investment is not a major factor impacting China’s economic growth.
The Schedule Control of Nuclear Power Construction Phase of Project Approval and Administrative Licensing
Authors: Naren Mandula , Liu Li Rong , Zheng Long , Wu Yun Na
Published: March 2013

As a clean and economic power, nuclear power has become an important part in China’s power structure. Nuclear power plant project has the characteristics of large investment and long period, thus requiring a strict schedule control. This paper deeply studied the work contents of China’s nuclear power project approval and administrative license, selectively analyzed the required supporting documents for this phase, and simplified the work into several phases. According to the feature of each phase, we created the “laddering” model; controlled the schedule in three respects, including: nuclear power connected to grid related supportive documents, nuclear power construction related supportive documents, and the nuclear power security and environmental protection related supportive documents. By realizing the schedule control of the phase in nuclear power project in this paper, we hope to further enhance the level of China’s nuclear power construction project managements, ensure the economic and security of nuclear power projects and better promoted nuclear power projects.
The Interactions between Producer Services and Manufacturing: An Empirical Analysis Based on Input-Output Subsystem Model
Authors: Peng Shui Jun , Li Hong Jing , Zheng Hui Zhi
Published: March 2013

This paper, based on the data of China’s input-output table in 2007, indentifies the key service sectors for the development of manufacturing by using the input-output subsystem model from the perspective of service demand and supply. Results show that from the demand side, public service sectors, e.g. Education and Public Administration, are main demanders of manufacturing products. While, from the supply side, Transportation, Financing and Business Services are the main sectors. From both sides, technology-intensive manufacturing is most closely tied to producer services.
Theoretical Research on Obstacles of Organizational Learning and Self-Transcendence in Chinese Family Business
Authors: Wu Meng Yun , Lu Jie
Published: March 2013

No matter in quantity or in scale, family enterprise takes a great share of world economy and occupies a very important position in the national economy, research on family enterprise also turns to be the focus of theoretic research in all countries. Meanwhile, organizational learning is the source for enterprises to survive, develop and maintain the enduringly competitive advantages. However, the obstacles in learning are difficult questions and have effect on family enterprises’ core competence. Thus, the article starts with the basic meaning of obstacles in organizational learning, analyzes their influence factors from areas of learning process, organization’s ideas, culture, etc., and carries on the systematic exploration on enterprises’ organizational learning.
Green Experiment and Green Network
Authors: Cheng Yu Han , Zhang Shao Bai , Cheng Jian Bin
Published: March 2013

In the "sustainable development" under the influence of ethics, professional colleges and universities Electricity experiments and the campus network are facing new opportunities and challenges. This paper that presents experimental and universities should carry out green building green campus, discusses in detail the power class of "green experiment" and college "green network" of the specific content of the power class that should focus on the development of laboratory simulation experiments, virtual experiments, the network test and saving experiment, so we can build an energy-based, health-based, harmony-based network software and hardware environment in the "green network"; green experiments and the specific implementation method about green network had been launched a more in-depth discussion and analysis which are a kinds of colleges and universities and networking power quasi-experimental values of the new goals and explore.
Prediction of the Cold Flow Properties in Biodiesel Blends
Authors: Cui Yong , Yuan Yin Nan , Lai Yong Bin , Chen Xiu
Published: March 2013

The chemical compositions of biodiesel are analyzed by GC-MS, and their molecular structures are investigated on the basis of the hybrid orbital theory. The CFPP of biodiesel is studied by CFPP tester, the solution crystallization theory and the similarity-intermiscibility principle. Good correlation models are proposed for predict CFPP of biodiesel by chemical compositions and the CFPP of biodiesel-petrodiesel blends by biodiesel ratio. The study shows that biodiesel is mainly composed of SFAME (C14:0～C24:0) and UFAME (C16:1～C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3 ). Carbon atoms of the alkyl for SFAME arrange in a zigzag pattern by ∠CCC=109.5°. C-C carbon atoms of the alkenyl arrange in a zigzag pattern by ∠CCC=109.5°, too, carbon chain is curved by C=C in ∠CCC=122.0°, and curved degree increases with increasing unsaturated degree. CFPP of biodiesel is mainly determined by chemical compositions. CFPP increases with the amount and carbon chain length of SFAME. CFPP of biodiesel-petrodiesel blends is mainly determined by chemical compositions and ratio of biodiesel. To lower SFAME≥C20:0 biodiesel, such as PME, CSME, WME, SBME and RME, it blending with -10PD can formed a eutectic mixture. CFPP of the eutectic mixture is -12 °C. The biodiesel ratio for the lowest CFPP rang increases with decreasing SFAME. Such as SFAME contents in PME, CSME, WME, SBME and RME are 35.86、32.12、31.04、18.29 and 14.69 w% respectively, and the range of biodiesel ratio is 5～20、10～20、20～30、30～50 and 40～60 v% respectively. To higher SFAME≥C20:0 biodiesel, such as PNME, CFPP increases with PNME ratio.
TG-FTIR Analysis on Evaporation, Decomposition and Combustion Characteristics of Bio-Oil
Authors: Zhang Yuan Yuan , Zhao Lei Qiang , Lu Qiang
Published: March 2013

Thermogravimetry - Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR) technique was applied to achieve thermal evaporation, decomposition and combustion of bio-oil and on-line analysis of the formed products. The experiments were performed under the N2/O2 atmosphere with different O2 contents using a bio-oil sample derived from rice husk. According to the TG results, the thermogravimetric process included three stages, the evaporation of light volatiles, the decomposition of heavy components, and the combustion of the char residues. The kinetic calculation revealed that the activation energy values of the evaporation and decomposition stages would not be greatly affected by the O2 content, while the activation energy values of the combustion stages would decrease as the rising of the O2 content. Moreover, the FTIR results indicated that the major products in the evaporation stage were the water and organic volatile compounds. Whereas the products in the combustion stage were mainly CO2 and H2O, together with a little CO.
An Instantaneous Phase Angle Detection Algorithm under Asymmetric Grid Voltage Dips
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhu Ling , Zhang Kan
Published: March 2013

In order to meet the requirements of LVRT and realize the asymmetry control in wind power system, the voltage phase, amplitude, and frequency are needed in real time under both asymmetrical and symmetrical low Voltage condition. Based on double DQ synchronous rotating coordinate system and software phase-locked loop (SPLL), the amplitude and phase angle of both positive and negative sequence components are obtained. Finally, through Matlab simulation and Low voltage device experiment, it proves that the algorithm has the advantages of accurate detection, interference resistance, and strong adaptability.
Research on Wind Power Fluctuation and its Impacts on Power System Frequency
Authors: Zhou Guo Peng , Miao Fu Feng , Tang Xi Sheng , Wu Tao , Li Shan Ying , Lei Wei Min , Zheng Li
Published: March 2013

The output power of wind farms has significant randomness and variability, which results in adverse impacts on power system frequency stability. This paper extracts wind power fluctuation feature with the HHT (Hilbert-Huang Transform) method. Firstly, the original wind power data was decomposed into several IMFs (Intrinsic Mode Functions) and a tendency component by using the EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) method. Secondly, the instantaneous frequency of each IMF was calculated. On this basis, taking a WSCC 9-bus power system as benchmark, the impact on power system frequency caused by wind power fluctuation was simulated in a real-time simulation platform, and the key component which results in the frequency deviation was found. The simulation results validate the wind power fluctuation impacts on frequency deviation, underlying the following study on power system frequency stability under the situation of large-scale intermittent generation access into the grid.
Design of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector (PTC) and Numerical Simulation for Improving the Efficiency
Authors: Hassanein A.A.M. , Qiu Ling
Published: March 2013

This research focus on two PTC designs, one in Runzhen-school, China (latitude 36.5°N, longitude110°E and 386m altitude) and the second PTC with tracking system. The study showed that, using one tube concentrate in the focal point with fixed PTC gives lower efficiency compared with using two vacuum tubes, as the variation of solar altitude angle is large. So using two focal points results a better heating. The new system uses PTC with sun tracking system to maximize solar radiation absorptions, that leading to increase the hot water temperature and has higher system efficiency. In addition, this system supplies two batteries by electricity coming from two solar-cells and it’s produced for the tracking system working during hours of sunlight. The photovoltaic electricity provided is stored in batteries and then used for tracking motion. The tracing motion receives orders from a control unit, which works at different voltage in two solar cells.
Investigation of Temperature Field of the Canned Motor of Nuclear Primary Pump
Authors: Ding Shu Ye , Meng Fan Dong
Published: March 2013

The safe operation of canned motor in nuclear primary pump is very important for nuclear power station. Taken a 5500KW large canned motor of nuclear primary pump as an example, physical model of three dimensional fluid and temperature coupled field was established. The motor temperature distribution under nominal working condition was calculated by using finite volume method. By calculation, revealing the temperature distribution regularity of stator strands, rotor bars, stator core and rotor core, which have significant reference value to structure design of canned motor.
A Study on Generation Expansion Planning Considering Transition of Nuclear and Renewable Policy
Authors: Kwon Jongh Wan , Hwang Soon Hyun , Kim Balho H.
Published: March 2013

Since the Fukushima nuclear accident, social concerns on eco-friendly and safety are arising, urging changes in the nuclear and renewable policy, worldwide. This policy shift is accompanied by a change of generation mix and an increase in the cost of energy supply. So, analysis of generation expansion planning considering nuclear and renewable polish is essential.In this paper, we compare the impact of some nuclear and renewable policy to the national generation expansion planning based on 5th Power Expansion Planning. The results reveal that disposal of nuclear-power and construction of renewable instead of nuclear enhances the total energy supply cost.
Study of Hydrogen Production Using Photovoltaic
Authors: Fiala Jozef , Blinová Lenka , Soldán Maroš , Balog Karol
Published: March 2013

Hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is necessary to provide huge amounts of cheap or surplus electricity. So currently is produced by electrolysis of water only 4% of hydrogen. Due to the need to save primary energy resources and environmental problems of thermo-chemical hydrogen production mainly related to the production of CO2 can be assumed that the production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources will increasingly expand. The paper deals with possibility of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water using photovoltaic energy.
Energy-Saving Performance Studies of Road Tunnel Luminaries
Authors: Yang Chao , Fan Shi Juan
Published: March 2013

Reasonable choice of light sources was the key to achieve energy-saving of tunnel lighting. Performance comparisons of light sources were completed, tunnel model was designed with lighting software-DIAlux based on characteristics and design demands of tunnel lighting. Simulation experiments for HPS (high pressure sodium) and LED (light-emitting diode) were made in the tunnel model, lighting effects of HPS and LED in each zone of the tunnel were analyzed, the results show that LED has higher lighting efficiency and can save more 40% power energy than HPS under the same lighting condition and the same road surface average-luminance, and LED has better road surface lighting effects and better color rendering than HPS.
Study on Low-Temperature Dyeing of Cashmere Fiber
Authors: Tang Ju , Wang Hai Feng
Published: March 2013

In order to save energy and decrease the damage of cashmere in dyeing processing, adding low-temperature dyeing auxiliary for cashmere dyeing is introduced in this paper. Some processing factors such as pH value, dyeing temperature and concentration of two different low-temperature dyeing auxiliaries are studied. The results show that the low-temperature auxiliary addition strategy successfully improved the mechanical properties of dyed cashmere, compared with the traditional cashmere dyeing method. The optimized conditions are shown as follows: 7g/L of low-temperature dyeing auxiliaries A (LTD-A) or 10g/L of low-temperature dyeing auxiliaries B (LTD-B), pH at 4, first dyeing for 15 min at 40 oC and then dyeing for 60 min at 80 oC.
Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane over Carbonaceous Catalyst in a Plug Flow Reactor
Authors: Guo Feng Bo , Zhang Yong Fa
Published: March 2013

The CO2 reforming of CH4 over carbonaceous catalyst was performed using a Plug Flow Reactor in the temperature range 800~1100°C, the ratio of CH4/CO2=1 and residence time 2~30s under normal pressure. The results showed the carbonaceous catalyst was an effective catalyst for carbon dioxide reforming of methane. With increasing the reaction temperature and residence time both the CH4 conversion and CO2 conversion increased. However, the CO2 conversion was significantly higher compared with the CH4 conversion under the same reaction conditions, which indicated that the gasification reaction of the carbonaceous catalyst and carbon dioxide occurred during the reforming process. Under a reaction temperature of 1050°C and residence time over 30s, the conversion of CH4 and CO2 were 92.7% and 95.4% respectively. The oxygen groups, surface area and pore volume decreased as well as the micro-porous structure of the catalyst surface was significantly reduced for the carbonaceous catalyst after reaction.
The Pyrolysis Characteristics of Low Ash Lignite
Authors: Xu Ying , Wang Yong , Zhang Yong Fa , Zhang Guo Jie , Li Xiang Lan
Published: March 2013

The pyrolysis characteristics of lignite with low ash were investigated and the influences of heating rate on the weight loss process were also discussed. The results showed the lignite pyrolysis process can be divided into three stages, in which the second stage, the temperature range is about 300oC ~550oC, is the main process of the weight loss; with the heating rate is enhanced, the temperature of maximum rate of weight loss was increased while the maximum rate of coal weight loss is increased, and the temperature of maximum rate of coal weight loss is basically the same.
High Liquid-Gas Ratio Separation in Pre-Cyclone Jet Singlet Oxygen Generator
Authors: Liu Zhen Dong , Dai Yu Qiang , Liu Feng Xia , Xu Xiao Bo , Zhu Li Zhi , Chen Wen Wu , Hu Da Peng , Cheng Yong Hang
Published: March 2013

A novel pre-cyclone jet singlet oxygen generator (PJSOG) has been the focus of research for recent years. In this paper, the high liquid-gas ratio separation performances of PJSOG have been studied by means of theoretical and experimental analysis. The liquid excess of the critical mass concentration portion can be easily captured due to initial BHP particles swirling momentum for a specific designed structure. At high flow speeds, the vacuum mixed Cl2/He with a weak entrainment capability insures high separation efficiency. Large quantities of experiments have verified that the new PJSOG do have the excellent operation performances of high separation efficiency, high O2 (1Δ) output coefficient, high utilization coefficient of Cl2 and excellent operating flexibility and stability. All the results show that the new PJSOG is a feasible and promising technology in singlet oxygen generation cases.
The Synthesis of Levulinic Acid Synthesis from Glucose Using ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst
Authors: Zhuang Jun Ping , Pang Chun Sheng , Liu Ying
Published: March 2013

Levulinic acid （LA）is a highly versatile platform chemical that can be converted into a broad variety of value-added fuels and chemicals. LA can be produced from the botanic biomass by hydrolyzing. The aim of the present study is to investigate the conversion of glucose to LA by ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for LA production and optimized to obtain the maximum yield of LA. The main experimental parameters are the amount of ZSM-5 zeolite added, reaction temperature, reaction time and concentration of glucose. The results showed that the optimization of the conversion of glucose to LA by ZSM-5 zeolite. An optimized LA yield was obtained at 190 °C for 2.5 h with 3 g ZSM-5 zeolite catalys and the highest LA yield was 69. 32%.
Constrained Multi-Objective Differential Evolution for Security Constrained Economic/Environmental Dispatch
Authors: Zhao Tian Yang , Qiu Guo Bing , Li Ying Zhi , Liu Wen Xia , Zhang Jian Hua
Published: March 2013

A newly constrained multi-objective differential evolution optimization technique (CMODE) for security constrained economic/environmental dispatch (EED) was proposed. The proposed CMODE evolved a constrained multi-objective version of differential evolution (DE) by employing the traditional multi-objective differential evolution (DEMO) and constrain handle technique to balance the search between feasible region and infeasible region. The proposed CMODE method had been applied to solve the security constrained EED problem. Experiments had been carried on a standard test system. The results demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed method to solve security constrained EED problem, and the necessary of taking security constrains into consideration.
Short-Term PV Generation System Forecasting Model without Solar Radiation Based on Improved Wavelet Neural Network
Authors: Wang Shuo , Xu Yong Hai , Fan Cai Jie
Published: March 2013

The PV generation system is an uncontrollable source and has an affect on the grid by randomness of output power. So we need to strengthen the study of PV output power forecast. In this paper, according to the related information of recent day with the same weather type, an improved wavelet neural network forecasting model without solar radiation was proposed. Furthermore, with the measured data came from a PV power plant, comparison experiments were made as opposed to improved wavelet neural network forecasting model and the wavelet neural network forecasting model with traditional learning algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the improved wavelet neural network forecasting model can significantly improve the precision of PV output power prediction. The comparison experiments considering solar radiation were also given, which also show the high precision and high efficiency of proposed model and algorithm.
Research on Harmonic of Electric Vehicle Charger Based on Matlab
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Jun
Published: March 2013

The charger for the electric vehicle (EV) is a nonlinear device, and will cause harmonic pollution when put into operation. This paper, firstly, analyzes harmonic caused by charger theoretically and defines its equivalent model as a three-phase full-bridge controlled rectifier, getting the characteristics of charger through the Fourier analysis of the switching function. Secondly, this paper builds the simulation model of the charger using Matlab/Simulink and replaces the car battery with a nonlinear resistor with resistance value changing over time. The parameters in the simulation model are the same as the charging stations in use and the results verify the charger’s harmonic characteristics. Finally, compared with the measured data, the results show the simulation model is suitable for engineering calculations.
Experimental Research on Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction of LPG Vehicles
Authors: Fan Ai Min , Zhao Liang Hong , Zhang Xiao Lei , Wang Fei
Published: March 2013

In order to reduce the emission of the exhaust gases emitted by the vehicles, buses and taxies use of LPG is being promoted in Chinese big and medium-sized cities, how to reduce the emission by the LPG vehicles is a brand-new subject yet to be addressed. This thesis makes a comparative experimental research on the vehicles through adding a proper amount of CPG-4 synergist to the fuel of the LPG vehicles so as to ameliorate their combustion performance and reach the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction. The experiments demonstrate that use of LPG can be saved by approximately 6% and the emission of HC and PM are also greatly reduced by adding a proper amount of CPG-4 synergist to the fuels of the LPG vehicles.
Stability Analysis on the Slope Located in Embankment Dam Downstream under Seepage Action
Authors: Cao Liang , Wang Hui Min , Yao Ji , Tang Chun Feng
Published: March 2013

A embankment dam model was established in this paper, and the steady seepage field of the embankment dam in the normal water level conditions was solved based on FEM, then the corresponding seepage force was calculated and the seepage force for each earth stripe was obtained. The slope stability in embankment dam downstream was analyzed with the help of simplified Bishop method which is based on rigid body limit equilibrium coupled with seepage force, and the seepage field’s influence on the slope’s stability was explored, a theoretical basis for the embankment dam engineering design was provided in this paper.
Analysis of Green Building Design in the Northeast Cold Region
Authors: Li Hui Xing , Wang Wei , Feng Guo Hui
Published: March 2013

Green residential building is energy conservation, environmental protection, healthy and comfortable and stress efficiency. Green building respects the local natural and humanities, climate. Adjust measures to local conditions, use local materials, so there is no definite construction patterns and rules. In this paper a green residential buildings from Shenyang, focus on the analysis of the well insulated building envelope, radiant floor heating system with control system, solar hot water system in the building. At the same time, analysis of the energy saving technology can reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions compare with "Residential building energy saving design standards "at Liaoning area. The project gives some experience to other designers in the process of green buildings design and promotes it constructed in the northeastern regions.
The Current Situation of Rural Construction of Southern Shanxi in China and its Ecologic Strategy
Authors: Xie Dong , Chen Chen , Liang Jing Xian
Published: March 2013

Increasing the development of eco-folk house is one part of the social development creed of establishing economical society and achieving sustainable development. Analyze the spatial layout, indoor thermal environment and energy consumption of rural construction in southern Shanxi by investigation of the local current situation and measurement the indoor environment. In addition, provides reference for west area in China and gives beneficial supplement to practice and theoretical development of eco-folk house.
Arsenic Uptake from Arsenic-Contaminated Water Using Pteris vittata L. and Polystichum craspedosorum
Authors: Zhao Jun Ying , Guo Hua Ming
Published: March 2013

The effects of arsenic uptake by Pteris vittata L. and Polystichum craspedosorum were examined. Pteris vittata L. were exposed hydroponically to 4Italic textItalic text.8 mg/L As(V) for 16 d and 4.05 mg/L As(V) for 24 h. Arsenic concentration in solution respectively decreased to 1.61 mg/L and 3.86mg/L. TF after 24 h was 0.81(1). Polystichum craspedosorum were exposed hydroponically to 3.26 mg/L As(V) for 20 days. As concentration decreased to 2.83mg/L after 16d and then increased slowly in the later four days. As contents in roots and fronds of Polystichum craspedosorum were 147 mg/kg and 90mg/kg. The results indicated that Polystichum craspedosorum was not good candidate for removal As(V) from water compared with Pteris vittata L..
Potassium Ferrate Combined with Powdered Activated Carbon to Remove Trace Organics in Water
Authors: Zhang Zhao Cheng , Zhang Huan Zhou , Cui Jian Guo
Published: March 2013

Studies the effects of potassium ferrate combined with powdered activated carbon (PAC) to deal with the trace organics in water. It found that powder activated carbon (PAC) can adsorb the suspended solids produced by potassium ferrate removing pollutants generated in water, reduce turbidity and color result in potassium ferrate oxidation process, and remove a small amount of organics in the same time.
Simultaneous Degradation of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) in the Micro-Polluted Water by Potassium Ferrate
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Zhao Cheng , Cui Jian Guo
Published: March 2013

This Experiment study on the simultaneous degradation effect of Cu(II) and Cr(Ⅵ) in the micro-polluted water by potassium ferrate. And the influential elements on the removal effects and probed into the degradation mechanism was analyzed. The results indicated that the removal rates of Cu(II),Cr(Ⅵ) by synergetic effect of potassium ferrate oxidation and coagulation were 76.2%、62.2%,respectively,when the optimizing conditions were as follows: oxidation pH was 7,oxidation time was 20min,flocculation pH was 9,flocculation time was 30min and dosage of potassium ferrate was 40mg/L.
Water Pollution Characteristics and Treatment Countermeasures: A Case Study in Fuxin River, China
Authors: Yan Run Run , Chao Jian Ying , He Qing , Yang Jing , Wu Tao , Bao Chun Hui
Published: March 2013

Water quality of Fuxin basin exceeds the water quality standards significantly; water quality fist decreases then increases in general; previous measures done has better effect, but water quality of Shazhuang Bridge section still has a great distance to Class III water quality standard. In the studied region, pollution from domestic sewerage has largest pollution load contribution with the proportion of 49.15% and livestock manure takes second place with the proportion of 20.52%. Pollution source inside the basin is the major influencing factor. The results show that incoming flow is retarded and tail water doesn’t have a good fate are the primary non-reaching standard reasons for Shazhuang Bridge section.
Adsorption Behaviors of Arsenic(V) onto Fe-Based Backwashing Sludge Produced from Fe(II)-Removal Plants
Authors: Wu Kun , Liu Ting , Peng Jun Ming
Published: March 2013

This study investigates the adsorption characteristics of As(V) onto the Fe-based backwashing sludge (FBBS), which was produced in the Fe(II) removal process. FBBS exhibits rough surfaces and shows high BET surface area of 148.41 m2/g. According to the results of EDS and XRD, the main constituents include sulfate inter-layered Fe hydroxide [Fe(SO4)OH], ferric oxhydroxide (γ-FeOOH), quartz (SiO2), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The adsorption kinetics data were well described by the Elovich model (r2 = 0.993), indicating the highly heterogeneous adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of As(V) increased from 40.04 to 88.76 mg/g as temperatures increased from 298 to 318 K, suggesting an endothermic process. The removal of As(V) was inhibited with elevated solution pH, especially from pH 7.0 to pH 10.0. Moreover, the removal of As(V) was enhanced with an increase in ion strength (0.01-1 M NaNO3), implying that the adsorption of As(V) was mainly through inner-sphere complexes mechanism.
Dairy Wastewater Treatment Engineering Examples
Authors: Gao You Qing , Cui Hong
Published: March 2013

The wastewater treatment works of one of Yili dairy plants are analyzed in detail in this paper. Two-phase anaerobic and composite aerobic treatment process for wastewater is used in this project. The treated water can reach the first level B discharge standard of “Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant” (GB18918-2002).
Study on Energy Consumption Distribution of High Ferric-Based Silicon Coagulant Using Fractal Dimension
Authors: Cheng Lei , Yu Yan Zhen , Tan Juan , Sun Yong
Published: March 2013

High ferric-based silicon coagulant is a kind of new self-made coagulant. The high ferric content was introduced in the preparation process of the coagulant, and the effect was good in dealing with simulated industrial wastewater with lead. The beaker test indicated that the lead removal rate reached the highest 96.48% when the rapid stirring speed was 300r/min and stirring time was 1min, low stirring speed was 80r/min and stirring time was 15min, the dosage of the coagulant was 3.5ml/L. And the fractal dimension of flocs was 1.67674 under that optimum conditions. The low stirring stage was divided into three different stages in the orthogonal experiment of energy consumption, and the result showed that the optimum combination of flocculation was: velocity gradient G1=67.7s-1, stirring time T1=4min; G2=57.8 s-1, T2=5min; G3=23.9s-1, T3=6min. The removal rate of lead ion improved and the energy consumption decreased when the flocculation was divided into different stages. The relations between fractal dimension and energy consumption distribution can be obtained by calculated the fractal dimension of different stages. The stirring speed can be controlled and the flocs can be prevented from being broken by observing the flocs.
A Review on Pyrolysis Technology and Characters of Products from Sewage Sludge
Authors: Ji Ai Min , Cui Yan , Liu Hong Ya , Qian Zu Guo
Published: March 2013

Pyrolysis is one promising outlets in disposal of sewage sludge. In the current review paper, some key influent factors on sludge pyrolysis technology and all products were discussed. How the main factors including pyrolysis final temperature, residence time, heating rate and way, the raw sludge characteristics and catalyst, etc influent the products were discussed. Thereafter, another important issue of sludge pyrolysis is the characters and application of the products as well as the key factors affected sludge pyrolysis. The mainly composition, characters and applied prospect were discussed. An important aspect of sewage sludge pyrolysis is how to utilize the pyrolysis oil. Some of the properties and processing of pyrolysis oil were detailedly discussed.