bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
READING COMPREHENSION PROBLEMS IN READING SECTION OF TOEFL TEST
Authors: Febriani Dini , Elfrida Elfrida , Jayanti Fernandita Gusweni
Published: October 2020

This research aims to find out the reading comprehension problems faced by the eight semester English Education Study Program students of Universitas Bengkulu in Reading Section of TOEFL test. The subject of this research is eight semester students of English Education Study Program in academic year 2018/2019 who have taken TOEFL test in Language Laboratory, FKIP, Universitas Bengkulu. The subject of this research is 70 students of 79 students. This research was used descriptive quantitative as the methodology and the data was collected by using questionnaire as an instrument that distributed via Google-form. The questionnaire consisted of 20 statements which represent 5 aspects of reading comprehension problems by Wutthisingchai (2011). This research uses 4-point Likert Scale to measure students perception of reading problem, ranging from never (1 point), sometimes (2 point), often (3 point), always (4 point). The result shows that the majority of the students have problems in reading comprehension in 5 aspects. The percentage average of each aspect from highest to lowest was the reading comprehension problems related to the Reading Comprehension Process. Second problems is Motivation. Third problems related to Background Knowledge. Fourth related to Lack Reading Strategies. The last problems related to Language Knowledge. From the results, it can be concluded that students of the eight semester at English Education Study Program still have reading comprehension problems.Keywords: Reading comprehension problems, TOEFL Test
STUDENTS’ RESPONSES TOWARD TEACHERS’ QUESTIONS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 8 BENGKULU
Authors: Sumilia Evis , Puspita Hilda , Elfrida Elfrida
Published: October 2020

Abstract: The aims of this research were to find out kinds of student response and the most dominant response used by the second grade students in Senior High School. The researcher was designed as a descriptive quantitative research. The population of the research was second grade student in Senior High School 8 Bengkulu. The samples were 60 students. The data were collected by using a set of questionnaire. There were 25 statements of students’ responses which consisted of five aspects by Moskowitzs in Brown (2001). They were student response (specific), student response (open-ended or student initiated), confusion, silence and nonverbal. The result of this study showed the students of Senior High School 8 Bengkulu preferred to use five aspects of the student response i.e., student response (specific), student response (open-ended or student initiated), confusion, silence and nonverbal. In addition, the most dominant response used by the student is student response (specific). The student more interested in using response specific in answering the teacher question. Keywords:  Students’ Responses, Teachers’ Questions, Classroom Interaction
OPTIMIZING WELL (WEB-ENHANCED LANGUAGE LEARNING) IN TEACHING READING
Authors: Rahayu Avita Tri , Friatin Lilies Youlia , Surachmat A.M.
Published: October 2020

This study investigated on optimizing WELL (Web-Enhanced Language Learning) in teaching reading at the tenth grade of a Vocational High School in Cilacap. The purposes of the study were to investigate the teacher’s steps in optimizing WELL (Web-Enhanced Language Learning) in teaching reading and to figure out the students’ responses on optimizing WELL (Web-Enhanced Language Learning) in teaching reading. In this regard, a case study was applied as a research design in this study. Using purposive sample technique, the participants were an English teacher and twenty students at the tenth grade of a Vocational High School in Cilacap. Three instruments that were used are the observation, the interview, and the questionnaire. The findings indicated that there are thirteen steps of optimizing WELL which were used by the teacher in teaching reading to the students. The findings also indicated that the students gave their positive responses on optimizing WELL (Web-Enhanced Language Learning) in teaching reading to vocational school students. Key words: WELL (Web-Enhanced Language Learning), teaching reading, Vocational High School
RECIPROCAL TEACHING OF READING TO PROMOTE STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING
Authors: Sriwahyuni Fitri Lestari , Febriani R. Bunga , Thoyyibah Luthfiyatun
Published: October 2020

This paper is a case study that aims at finding out the Reciprocal Teaching of Reading to Promote Students’ Critical Thinking. The researchers used a case study in this qualitative research. The research participants of this study were the ninth grade of Islamic Junior High School in Tasikmalaya, consist of twenty five students. In collecting data, the researchers used triangulation method as data collection techniques. The instruments are observation, interview, and questionnaire. The result showed that most of students’ perceptions are good. It is recommended for English teacher to used Reciprocal Teaching in Reading to promote students’ critical thinking.Key words: Reciprocal Teaching, Reading, Students’ Critical Thinking
Entre a Linguística Cognitiva e a Linguística Aplicada em tempos pandêmicos
Authors: Vargas Diego da Silva
Published: October 2020

Nesta resenha, pretendo apresentar a proposta teórica e os dados trazidos na mesa redonda Metáfora, Cognición y Emoción: reflexiones en tiempos de pandemia como possibilidade de contribuição para o desenvolvimento de uma maior integração entre abordagens cognitivas e sociais dentro do campo da Linguística Aplicada. Na mesa, apresentou-se o Projeto #ReframeCovid, uma interessante ação aberta e de alcance internacional que busca promover metáforas não bélicas para tratarmos da pandemia de Covid-19. O projeto parte do pressuposto de que a metáfora é um mecanismo cognitivo encarnado em experiências e situado socioculturalmente, conceptualizando e manipulando sentidos, e busca ampliar as narrativas sobre o Covid-19, evitando que apenas uma única se imponha, o que se alinha completamente à proposta de atuação da Linguística Aplicada contemporânea.
A MULHER NAS MENSAGENS TRAZIDAS POR NOSSA SENHORA DAS LÁGRIMAS: O MITO DE LILITH E O DESEMPODERAMENTO FEMININO
Authors: Terra Kenner Roger Cazotto , Guimaraes Vânio Soares , Pereira Jeferson Botelho
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo tem por escopo demonstrar a visão de mundo anunciada na Associação Nossa Senhora das Lágrimas (ANSLAGRI), em Serra/ES, por intermédio das chamadas Formigas Bordadeiras, que teriam o impulso divino para a escrita de mensagens voltadas à mulher. Nessas mensagens, ganha corpo o mito de Lilith - em contraposição à mulher Eva - e as características mitológicas nele insertas, que são transladadas para escritos de folhas de árvores pelas “Formigas Bordadeiras” – instrumento de Nossa Senhora das Lágrimas para seus textos. Dentre as mensagens, também existe disposições da Virgem Maria (emissária) na tentativa de controlar o empoderamento feminino e volver olhos à uma supremacia do homem sobre a mulher, justificada pela semelhança com Deus. O artigo explana algumas mensagens com o fito de perceber a utilização do mito de Lilith e o desempoderamento feminino nas mensagens escritas pelas “Formigas Bordadeiras.”
Abordagem preventiva e terapêutica do distúrbio mineral e ósseo nos estágios iniciais da doença renal crônica: revisão sistemática
Authors: Quadros Karla Amaral Nogueira , Aquino Jéssica Azevedo de , Vasconcelos Francisco Edson Coelho de , Guedes João Victor Marques , Morais Flávio Augusto de , Ribeiro Fernanda Henriques Rocha , Silva Fernanda Marcelino de Rezende e , Watanabe Yoshimi José Ávila , Otoni Alba
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Identificar proposta padrão ouro de prevenção e tratamento para o distúrbio mineral e ósseo em adultos e idosos com doença renal crônica não-dialítica. Métodos: revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados. Resultados: incluídos oito artigos: calcitriol ou colecalciferol, tendo calcitriol resultado melhor com correção da hipocalcemia, redução das fosfatases alcalinas séricas e do hormônio paratireóideo; alfacalcidol com controle da doença óssea em 42% dos pacientes; colecalciferol aumentou calcidiol sérico  e diminuiu  níveis séricos de  paratormônio; colecalciferol por tempo prolongado com melhora na  deficiência de vitamina D e diminuição dos níveis séricos de paratormônio; alendronato, não alterou a progressão da calcificação vascular; acetato de cálcio, carbonato de lantânio ou carbonato de sevelamer  diminuíram o fósforo médio de urina  e atenuaram a progressão do hiperparatireoidismo; calcitriol associado a intervenção dietética de cálcio, calcitriol isolado diminuiu os níveis PTHi em jejum e, quando combinado com cálcio na dieta, normalizou as respostas pós-prandiais de calcemia e paratireoide e carbonato de cálcio ou  sevelamer associados a dieta restrita de fósforo. Sevelamer apresentou melhores resultados com redução significativa na mortalidade por todas as causas. Considerações finais: Não houve consenso entre os autores quanto à terapêutica padrão ouro para portadores de DMO-DRC em estágios precoces.
Zika virus in Brazil: an overview of public health policies
Authors: Da Silva Heverton Valentim Colaço , Agrelli Almerinda , De Oliveira Ana Sofia Lima Estevão , De Moura Ronald Rodrigues , Crovella Sergio , Brandão Lucas André Cavalcanti
Published: October 2020

Objective: The purpose of this review was to discuss the effectiveness of public health policies in controlling Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil from 2015 to 2019 with an emphasis in the state of Pernambuco. Literature Review: Zika virus is an arbovirus primarily transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Since 2015, the control of Aedes aegypti proliferation and diffusion has been a global subject of discussion due to its role in ZIKV transmission and the emergence of serious clinical symptoms resulting from this infection. In Brazil, the public policies established to control ZIKV outbreak were mostly based on vector control. Final Considerations: The coping model to manage the transmission vector of ZIKV is not showing to be effective.  Furthermore, until the social factors that favor the development and maintenance of mosquito breeding sites are eradicated, Brazil will continue to be susceptible to new outbreaks of mosquito-driven arboviruses. Here, we discussed the effectiveness of public health policies for the control of ZIKV in Brazil from 2015 to 2019, with a primary focus on the state of Pernambuco (PE).
Sensing with Chirality Pure near Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Nißler Robert , Kurth, Larissa , Li Han , Spreinat Alexander , Kuhlemann Ilyas , Flavel Benjamin S. , Kruss Sebastian
Published: October 2020

Semiconducting single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) fluoresce in the near infrared (NIR) and the emission wavelength depends on their chirality (n,m). Interactions with the environment affect the fluorescence and can be tailored by functionalizing SWCNTs with biopolymers such as DNA, which is the basis for fluorescent biosensors. So far, such biosensors were mainly assembled from mixtures of SWCNT chiralities with large spectral overlap, which affects sensitivity as well as selectivity and prevents multiplexed sensing. The main challenge to gain chirality pure sensors has been to combine approaches to isolate specific SWCNTs and generic (bio)functionalization approaches. Here, we created chirality pure SWCNT-based NIR biosensors for important analytes such as neurotransmitters and investigated the impact of SWCNT chirality/handedness as well as long-term stability and sensitivity. For this purpose, we used aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) to gain chirality pure (6,5)-, (7,5)-, (9,4)- and (7,6)- SWCNTs (emission at ~ 990, 1040, 1115 and 1130 nm). Exchange of the surfactant sodium deoxycholate (DOC) to specific singlestranded (ss)DNA sequences yielded monochiral sensors for small analytes (dopamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, pH). DOC used in the separation process was completely removed because residues impaired sensing. The assembled monochiral sensors were up to 10 times brighter than their non-purified counterparts and the ssDNA sequence affected absolute fluorescence intensity as well as colloidal (long-term) stability and selectivity for the analytes. (GT)40-(6,5)-SWCNTs displayed the maximum fluorescence response to the neurotransmitter dopamine (+140 %, Kd = 1.9 x10-7 M) and a long-term stability > 14 days. Furthermore, the specific ssDNA sequences imparted selectivity to the analytes independent of SWCNT chirality and handedness of (+/-) (6,5)-SWCNTs. These monochiral/single-color SWCNTs enabled ratiometric/multiplexed sensing of dopamine, riboflavin, H2O2 and pH. In summary, we demonstrated the assembly, characteristics and potential of monochiral (single-color) SWCNTs for multiple NIR fluorescent sensing applications.
Chiral Alkyl Amine Synthesis via Catalytic Enantioselective Hydroalkylation of Enamides
Authors: Qian Deyun , Bera Srikrishna , Hu Xile
Published: October 2020

Chiral alkyl amines are omnipresent as bio-active molecules and synthetic intermediates. Catalytic and enantioselective synthesis of alkyl amines from readily accessible precursors is challenging. Here we develop a nickel-catalyzed hydroalkylation method to assemble a wide range of chiral alkyl amines from enamides and alkyl halides in high regio- and enantioselectivity. The method works for both non-activated and activated alkyl halides, and is able to produce enantiomerically enriched amines with two minimally differentiated alpha-alkyl substituents. The mild conditions lead to high functional group tolerance, which is demonstrated in the post-product functionalization of many natural products and drug molecules, as well as the synthesis of chiral building blocks and key intermediates to bio-active compounds.
Exploration and Optimization in Crystal Structure Prediction: Combining Basin Hopping with Quasi-Random Sampling
Authors: Yang Shiyue , Day Graeme
Published: October 2020

We describe the implementation of a Monte Carlo basin hopping global optimization procedure for the prediction of molecular crystal structure. The basin hopping method is combined with quasi-random structure generation in a hybrid method for crystal structure prediction, QR-BH, which combines the low-discrepancy sampling provided by quasi-random sequences with basin hopping's efficiency at locating low energy structures. Through tests on a set of single-component molecular crystals and co-crystals, we demonstrate that QR-BH provides faster location of low energy structures than pure quasi-random sampling, while maintaining the efficient location of higher energy structures that are important for identifying important polymorphs.
Los acervos fílmicos en México. Pasajes y agenciamientos
Authors: García Benítez Carlos
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo refl exionar en torno a los acervos fílmicos en nuestro país, considerados como patrimonio cultural y medios para la construcción de una memoria fílmica; asimismo el texto trata de aquellos agentes que se han encargado de la presevación fílmica de nuestro país y su signifi cado. En especial, de aquellos que surgieron al margen de las grandes instituciones, pero cuya tarea ha contribuido a preservar el patrimonio fílmico de la nación, a partir del estudio de caso: Permanencia Voluntaria, archivo cinematográfico.
Pensar la escuela en clave de gobernabilidad democrática.
Authors: Yepes Núñez Leonardo
Published: October 2020

Este artículo reflexiona sobre las prácticas de gobernabilidad en la escuela, comenzando con el concepto de gobierno y la evolución que ha tenido a lo largo de la historia. Así, se aborda el tema de la escuela y su influencia en la construcción de las sociedades occidentales. Uno de los términos sobre el cual profundizar es la “gobernabilidad”, pues su comprensión en el marco de la democracia permite trasladarlo al ámbito del sistema educativo y escolar como organización. El análisis con base en  el contexto colombiano, se desarrolla en instituciones educativas de la Comunidad de Hermanos Maristas en Colombia.
Evaluación ergonómica de los puestos de trabajo del área operativa de siembra y empaque
Authors: Hoffman Jaramillo Karles , Parraga Bravo Johnny , Idrovo Toledo Roberto
Published: October 2020

Con el propósito de mejorar las condiciones laborales de los trabajadores, la productividad y calidad de sus servicios, la empresa agroindustrial procesadora de piñas Agroeden, decidió efectuar una evaluación ergonómica de los puestos de trabajo del área operativa para gestionar los riesgos laborales detectados. Con este fin, fue necesario analizar los niveles de riesgos laboral ergonómicos de forma cualitativa y cuantitativa en la entidad, el mismo que fue aplicado a 2 procesos de trabajo del área Operativa que hacen referencia a siembra y empaque, en el cual se valoró los puestos de trabajo, posturas forzadas y el confort ergonómico emitiendo propuestas de mejora para el ambiente laboral. Al efectuar la identificación de peligros y evaluación de riesgo laborales de la organización esta se encuentra en nivel “Moderado”. Al analizar la sintomatología osteomuscular, el 10% de los trabajadores señala sentir molestias debido a hábitos posturales y esfuerzos derivados a la actividad que realiza durante la jornada laboral. La evaluación proporciono información para elaborar una Matriz cualitativa de Riesgo Laborales, estableciendo que los puestos de trabajo que exponen mayor nivel riesgo laboral son: siembra y empaque por posturas forzadas y repetitividad de la tarea.
Prevalence of anxiety and depression among domestic and foreign medical students in Poland
Authors: Jaroszewska Aneta Anna , Tyras Szymon , Dziewit Martyna , Jaroszewska Joanna , Podhorodecka Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Depression and anxiety disorders are much more common among medical students than in the general population. Due to additional risk factors, foreign students may be particularly vulnerable. Despite this, there is still an insufficient number of studies analyzing the prevalence of mental disorders among foreign medical students, especially in Poland.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess and compare the prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders between domestic and foreign medical students in Poland.

Material and methods:
An anonymous internet survey containing questions about socio-demography and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire was distributed among students. Based on the field of study and country of origin, participants were divided into 3 groups – Polish medical student group (PMG, n = 214); foreign medical student group (FMG, n = 59) and control group, which were Polish students of other faculties (CG, n = 476). The study groups were compared using the χ2 test.

Results and discussion:
The prevalence of depression disorders was 30%, 31% and 28% (PMG, FMG and CG, respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed between the study groups (P = 0.77). The prevalence of anxiety disorders was 57%, 90% and 59% (PMG, FMG and CG, respectively). Anxiety disorders were more common among FMG as compared to PMG and CG (P < 0.01 in both cases).

Conclusions:
The prevalence of depression and anxiety among medical students in Poland is high. Foreign medical students appear to be particularly vulnerable to anxiety disorders.
SURVEY OF FAULT DETECTION ALGORITHM IN WSN
Authors: Kumar Vijay
Published: October 2020

In recent years, applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been improved due to its vast potential to connect the physical world to the virtual world. Also, a progress in microelectronic fabrication technology reduces cost of developed portable wireless sensor nodes. Faults occurring to sensor nodes are familiar due to the sensor device itself and the harsh environment where the sensor nodes are deploy. WSNs is mainly affect by the crash of sensor nodes. Possibility of sensor node failure increases with increase number of sensors. Wireless sensor networks have been recognized, at an early stage in their development, to be a useful measurement technology for environmental monitoring applications. Based on their independence from accessible infrastructures, wireless sensor networks can be deploy in virtually any location and provide sensor samples in a spatial and temporal resolution.
HEMATOLOGIC PROFILE OF LABORATORY RATS FED WITH BAKERY PRODUCTS
Authors: Katica Muhamed , Gradascevic Nedzad
Published: October 2020

The laboratory rat, as important biomedical model, was often fed with unconventional diet usually made up of products from the bakery industry. Such diet consisted of insufficient caloric and nutritionally unbalanced meals could cause unreliable results in biomedical research. The study investigates the effects of malnutrition on the haematological profile of rats.
The study is performed on Wistar male and female rats which were fed for 4 weeks exclusively with bakery products ad libidum. The following hematological parameters were observed in peripheral blood smears: red blood cell count, content of haemoglobin, haematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, white blood cell count, differential blood count, diameter of red blood cells, as well as the presence of atypical forms of red blood cells.
Despite there were no statistically significant differences in overall haematological results (p > 0.05, with > 0.05), the significant part of obtained results were below physiological limits (HGB, MCHC and MCH). Other haematological parameters, including white blood corpuscles were kept in physiological limits, except for mild neutrophils in males. Also, the forms of anulocytes and spherocytes were recorded in peripheral blood smears.
The results indicated the beginning of normocytic hypochromic anaemia which was caused by unbalanced meals.
Orman Meşcere Yükseklik Haritası Üretiminde Hava Kaynaklı Lazer Tarama Performans Analizi
Authors: SEFERCİK Umut Gunes , ATEŞOĞLU Ayhan , ATALAY Can
Published: October 2020

Orman envanterinde önemli bir parametre olan meşcere yükseklik bilgisi, az gelişmiş ya da Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde halen yaygın şekilde yersel tekniklerle tekil ağaç bilgisi edinme ve hata payı oldukça yüksek kestirimler ile bu bilgiyi genele yayma prensibi ile elde edilmektedir. Uzaktan algılama (UA) temelli modern ölçüm teknolojilerinin devinimi ile Amerika ve Avrupa ülkeleri başta olmak üzere gelişmiş ülkeler orman meşcere yükseklik belirleme çalışmalarında hata payı yüksek yersel yöntemleri tamamen oyun dışı bırakmışlardır. Bu çalışma, hava kaynaklı lazer tarama (ALS) yoğun nokta bulutları ile orman meşcere yükseklik haritası üretimi ve üretilen haritanın mutlak konum doğruluğu potansiyelinin ortaya koyulmasını amaçlamaktadır. Amaç doğrultusunda, Houston, ABD'de orman-dominant bir çalışma alanı seçilmiş, ALS verileri ile dijital yüzey ve arazi modelleri üretilmiş ve bu ürünler temelinde normalize dijital yüzey modeli tekniği kullanılarak üç boyutlu orman meşcere yükseklik haritası elde edilmiştir. Üretilen haritanın doğruluğu, aynı çalışma alanında yersel lazer tarama (TLS) tekniğinden elde edilen veriler ile üretilen orman meşcere yükseklik haritası kullanılarak model bazlı yaklaşımlarla değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirmelerde, standart sapma ve normalize medyan mutlak sapma uluslararası doğruluk metrikleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar ışığında, ALS verileri ile üretilen meşcere yükseklik haritasının yatayda ±1 cm düşeyde ise ±40 cm dolayında mutlak konum doğruluğuna sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Practice requires rationale: Lessons from global contexts to ensure controversial issue education
Authors: Misco Thomas
Published: October 2020

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Q & A with Paula McAvoy & Li-Ching Ho on “Professional Judgment and Deciding What to Teach as Controversial”
Authors: McAvoy Paula , Ho Li-Ching
Published: October 2020

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Evaluation of elderly patients with hearing impairment.
Authors: Naqi Syed Ali , Ali Syed Maisam , Akhtar Arslan , Aziz Tabassum , Sajid Tahira , Zaman Akhtar
Published: October 2020

Hearing is decreased in later age is due to aging and is normally seen in most of the elderly people all over the world. Objectives: To ascertain the degree of hearing in elders in relation to age, pattern and extent of hearing weakness in old age so that interventional strategies can be planned to improve their wellbeing. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: ENT Outdoor Clinic of Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital of Islamabad Medical and Dental College, Bhara Kahu, Islamabad. Period: December 2017 to October 2018. Material & Methods: 200 patients were part of the study with age > 50 years and no past history of drug therapy. Data was gathered by detailed clinical history, clinical examination and audiometric findings. Result: 57% patients were found with normal hearing and 43% had variable degree of hearing deterioration. Highest number of hearing weakness was found in 9th decade. Most of hearing deterioration was found in both the ears and that of sensorineural in type. Conclusion: Sensorineural type of hearing impairment is very frequently occurring problem seen in the latter part of life in our community. The frequency and severity of decreased hearing is directly proportional to age.
Electrolyte imbalance in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: A single center study.
Authors: Shamaoon Muhammad , Razzaq Nadia , Ahsan Muhammad , Ahmad Arslan , Maqbool Tehmina , Chaudhary Ammad Javaid
Published: October 2020

Objectives: To determine the mean serum electrolyte level in neonates with perinatal birth asphyxia with moderate hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Pediatric Ward, Emergency and OPD, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: December 2017 to May 2018. Material & Methods: In our study, out of 190 cases were included, Results: mean g. age was calculated as 39.44+1.51 weeks, 49.47% (n=94) were male and 50.53% (n=96) were females. Mean APGAR score at 1 minute was calculated as 4.59+0.49 whereas 5.41+0.67 at 5 minutes. Mean weight of the neonates was calculated as 2771.58+256.83 grams. Frequency of delivered through history of fetal distress was recorded in 43.68% (n=83), mean serum electrolytes shows that serum sodium 137.71+1.69 mg/dl, serum potassium 3.92+0.18 mg/dl and serum calcium 8.45+0.51 mg/dl. Conclusion: We concluded that mean serum electrolyte level in neonates with perinatal birth asphyxia with moderate hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy were in normal range, however, in absence of control group and data analysis in qualitative way, we are unable to record the frequency of hypocalcemia, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, which may be done in coming trials.
Estimation of the frequency of second mesiobuccal root canal in maxillary first permanent molar teeth in subjects visiting teaching dental hospitals of Peshawar.
Authors: Humayun Ambereen , Khattak Munawar Aziz , Khan Aamir Mehmood , Ara Nighat , Khan Farooq , Wazir Noman Ullah
Published: October 2020

Objectives: To determine the frequency of second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) in a sample of 223 extracted maxillary permanent 1st molars. Study Design: In-vitro Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Endodontic at Peshawar Dental Hospital. Period: June 2019-Nov 2019. Material & Methods: The samples were processed with application of the Clearing Technique which includes demineralization with nitric acid, dehydration with ethanol and clearing with methyl salicylate. The samples were classified according to Weine’s system of root canal classification. Results: Among the 223 samples, 30% were found to have Weine’s type1 root canal in the mesiobuccal root (second mesiobuccal canal absent).  Second mesiobuccal canal was present in majority of the samples (70%) with Weines type2 (2-1) predominant with 23.32%, Weines type3 (2-2) present in 15.7% and Weines type 4 (1-2) present in 21% of the samples. 9% of the samples could not fit into Weines classification so they were placed in Vertuccis classification for root canal system type 6 (2-1-2). Conclusion: The present study concludes that the second mesiobuccal canal is more frequently found in maxillary permanent 1st molar teeth than our textbooks report, irrespective of quadrant and gender. Therefore, time should be given to evaluation of its anatomy by the clinician before starting the root canal treatment for the greater good of the community.
Prevalence of pyogenic meningitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Sindh.
Authors: Siyal Habibullah , Jamali Asif Nadeem , Qambrani Zamir Ahmed
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The current study aimed to find out the prevalence of pyogenic meningitis in the local population of Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital Nawabshah. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Pediatric Ward of People University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital, Nawabshah. Period: 1 year from November 2018 to October 2019. Material & Methods: Using self-designed questionnaire. Patient’s samples were send for relevant investigations i.e. Blood culture and CSF examination and their results were recorded in proforma. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 was used for data analysis. Results: Mean age of the children was 7 Years with a standard deviation of 2.4 years. 57% of the sample consist of boys while 43% were girls. Diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis was confirmed in 52.08% of the cases and fever was present in 100% cases and was the most common clinical presentation followed by headache (67%), Vomiting (44%) and fits (28%). Mean protein level was 235 mg/dl in the diagnosed cases. Mean sugar level in CSF of diseased children was 35 mg/dl with significant p-value of 0.0005. Conclusion: Pyogenic meningitis is highly prevalent that is 52.08% in current study. Its morbidity and mortality can be reduced by early recognition and prompt treatment.
Outcome of one year’s experience of thyroid surgery in a high volume center.
Authors: Asghar Mohammad Sohail , Kaleem Ahmad , Afzal Ameer , Shabbir Usama , Anwar Jamal , Asghar Mohammad Sohaib
Published: October 2020

Objectives: This study was performed to take an overview of the modes of presentation of these disorders, demographic factors of presenting patients, procedures to deal with these disorders and complications associated with them in our surgical ward. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of North Surgery, Mayo Hospital Lahore Pakistan. Period: September 2018 to September 2019. Material & Methods: All adult patients of either gender who presented with benign or malignant thyroid disorders and were managed surgically during the study period were included. The data was recorded on a pre-designed proforma maintained at the department. Results: Out of 156 patients, there were 146(93.6%) females and 10(6.4%) males. The most commonly performed procedure was total thyroidectomy i.e 102 (65.3%) while hemi thyroidectomies being 41 (26.1%). We performed 4 neck dissections in this time period for malignancies. The mean hospital stay ranged from 1-12 days with a mean of 2.88±1.99 days. There was no in-hospital mortality. Temporary hypocalcemia was the most common early complication found in 32(20.5%) patients. Conclusion: Thyroid surgery is a safe procedure to be performed for teaching purposes in a high volume unit like ours with complication rates reaching near zero.
Intra-operative findings of attico-antral type of chronic suppurative otitis media: A study of 85 patients.
Authors: Akhtar Naeem , Waqas Muhammad , Naeem Asma
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Chronic suppurative otitis media is the most common ear disease in Otolaryngology OPD and Head & Neck surgery in tertiary care hospitals worldwide. Due to its life threatening complications and management difficulties, attico-antral disease, a type of CSOM poses a huge challenge to otolaryngologists. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Allied Hospital (FMU) Faisalabad. Period: From January 2016 to December 2018. Material & Methods: Eighty five patients with CSOM of attico-antral type were included. Results: Forty six patients (54.1%) were male and thirty nine patients (45.9%) were female, aged 07 to 58 years with an average age of 23.7 years. 42 patients (49.4%) had a right ear disease and 43 patients (50.6%) had a left ear disease. Granulation tissue was observed in 50 patients (58.8%), cholesteatoma in 27 patients (31.7%) and both granulation tissue and cholesteatoma in 08 patients (09.5%). The main pathology was observed to involve the attic area only of 04 patients (04.7%), attic and middle ear of 44 patients (51.7%), attic and antrum of 16 patients (18.9%) and attic, middle ear, antrum and other mastoid air cells in 21 cases (24.7%). The malleus handle was found eroded in 10 patients (11.8%), head & handle in only 02 patients (02.4%). In 23 patients (27%) long process of incus was damaged while incus was completely eroded in 03 patients (03.5%). The suprastructure of stapes was found eroded in 03 patients (03.5%). Conclusion: Granulation tissue is the most common primary lesion along with cholesteatoma associated with attico-antral type of CSOM. Due to this pathology, the incus is the most frequently eroded small bone of the middle ear. In addition the management of granulation tissue and cholesteatoma poses a huge challenge to the otolaryngologists. Therefore, the general practitioners are needed to be educated for early referral to otolaryngologist for early and rapid management to prevent complications due to attico-antral type of CSOM.
Early outcomes of mitral valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis for rheumatic mitral valve disease.
Authors: Siddiqeh Musfireh , Khan Imran , Farid Zainab , Fayyaz Fakhar e , Anjum Qudsia
Published: October 2020

Objectives: To study the early outcomes of mitral valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis is patients with rheumatic mitral valvular disease.  Study Design: Retrospective Observational study. Setting: Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore and Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi. Period: From August 2014 to August 2017. Material & Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent mitral valve replacement for a rheumatic pathology were included in the study. Patients undergoing a redo surgery, those with concomitant aortic valve intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting and emergency procedures were excluded from the study. Results: Of the 104 patients included in the study, 58 (56.2%) were female patients. The mean age of the patients was 35 ± 12.36 years (median 33 years). Sixty (58.5%) had hypertension and 22 (21.28%) had diabetes. Mitral valve stenosis was the main pathology in 84 (81.25%). Severe pulmonary hypertension was recorded in 15 (15%) patients. The mean preoperative Tricuspid Valve Pressure Gradient (TVPG) was 55.33 ± 18.35 mmHg. The mean cross clamp time was 45.33 ± 12.32 minutes. The postoperative tricuspid valve pressure gradient came down to 31.5 ± 12.21 mmHg. No patients had acute renal injury, pulmonary complications or re-exploration for bleeding. Perioperative mortality was 4 (3.75%). Conclusion: Rheumatic valvular disease is still prevalent in our part of the world. Most of the patients with rheumatic heart disease will end up with replacement of the valve. Replacement with a mechanical prosthesis has favorable early outcomes.
Creation of large-scale and middle-scale geomorphological maps of Kunashir Island (Kuril Islands)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, M.Y. Grishchenko ,   State nature reserve «Kurilsky», Yuzhno-Kurilsk, Sakhalin region, Russia,   NRU Higher school of economics, Moscow, Russia, V.S. Shishkin ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2020

Рассмотрены результаты продолжавшихся несколько лет работ по детальному геоморфологическому картографированию участка заповедника «Курильский», остров Кунашир, Большая Курильская гряда. Слабо изученная и труднодоступная территория обследована с применением методов полевых геоморфологических исследований и полевых методов дешифрирования космических снимков. В результате этой работы собран обширный полевой материал о рельефе южной части острова Кунашир, который проанализирован и обобщён в форме серии крупномасштабных геоморфологических карт. Ранее на рассматриваемую территорию карты такого масштаба и такой тематики не создавались
Professores eventuais e a construção da profissionalidade docente: a “caixa preta” da educação nas escolas públicas do interior paulista
Authors: Aranha Wellington Luiz Alves , Porfírio Luciana Cristina
Published: October 2020

A literatura especializada sobre os professores apontou para a precarização e a intensificação do trabalho docente, o que implica tanto no aumento das exigências e diversificação de suas atividades quanto na vulnerabilidade das condições em que atuam. O exercício que aqui fizemos foi o de retomar alguns aspectos levantados em nossas pesquisas no campo educacional. As questões que nos movimenta pertencem à díade docência e profissionalidade que foram (e são) visivelmente desconsideradas nestes regimes de contratação temporária de professores. Constatamos que há quase três décadas o governo do Estado de São Paulo tem se utilizado de um aparato jurídico que precariza e flexibiliza as formas de contratação em seus sistemas públicos de ensino, instituindo dessa forma práticas ilegítimas de se exercer a profissão, não só desqualificando como também subcategorizando a categoria, como no caso dos eventuais.
Resenha - O discurso histórico como representação de uma ciência do sujeito: a operação historiográfica em Michel de Certeau
Authors: Monteiro Juliana Da Silva
Published: October 2020

Resenha do livro: CERTEAU, Michel de. A Escrita da História. Tradução de Maria de Lourdes Menezes. Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária, 2010. 345p.
O processo de organização da escolarização primária na cidade de Pouso Alegre-MG no século XIX
Authors: Costa Daniel Aparecido da , Filgueiras Juliana Miranda
Published: October 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de organização da escolarização primária na cidade de Pouso Alegre, em Minas Gerais, no século XIX. Para tanto, parte da análise de impressos, entre eles: jornais, leis provinciais, mapas de frequência, relatórios provinciais e almanaques, com intuito de melhor compreender a expansão escolar. A análise permitiu verificar que várias dificuldades foram enfrentadas, tais como, pouca frequência dos alunos nas escolas, educação em espaços não escolares, rotatividade docente, dificuldades financeiras, etc. Entretanto, essas dificuldades não inviabilizaram o desenvolvimento da escolarização em Pouso Alegre-MG.
Gli organoidi: modelli 3D per lo studio del diabete
Authors: Suleiman Mara , Filippello Agnese , Piro Salvatore , Marrano Nicola , Natalicchio Annalisa
Published: October 2020

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Designed for machines. Italian bridges and viaducts (1965-1990)
Authors: Capurso Gianluca , Martire Francesca
Published: October 2020

This contribution is a result of the researches, carried out by the authors as part of the SIXXI project - History of Structural Engineering in Italy in the 20th Century (ERC Advanced Grant, PI Sergio Poretti, Tullia Iori - www.sixxi.eu), about the transformation of Italian Engineering after the second half of the sixties. It reconstructs the evolution of the building systems introduced in the building sites of bridges and viaducts, from the presentation of industrial patents to the first applications abroad and then by national designers and companies, to examine what impact they had on the production of Italian engineering.
KUALITAS FISIK DAN PALATABILITAS SILASE BATANG PISANG (MUSA PARADISIACA) SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK DOMBA EKOR GEMUK
Authors: Qo'iyum Somad , Dewi Ratna Kumala , Kurnia Dyanovita Al
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai Mei tahun 2018 berlokasi di Desa Pangkaterjo Dusun Tuyuh Kecamatan Lamongan Kabupaten Lamongan. Tujuan dari prenelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas fisik dan palatabilitas presentasi pemberian pakan silase batang pisang (Musa paradisiaca) sebagai pakan ternak domba ekor gemuk. Kegunaan dari penelitian ini diharapkan agar digunakan sebagai bahan informasi dan bahan alternatif tentang pemanfaatan limbah pertanian berupa batang pisang. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 8 ekor domba ekor gemuk, batang pisang, dedak padi, pollard, garam, EM4, mollases dan air. Variabel yang di amati kualitas fisik silase batang pisang yang meliputi (tekstur, warna, aroma dan pH) dan palatabilitas pakan per hari dan per minggu. Data yang dihasilkan dari penelitian dianalisis dengan mengunkan analisis statistik RAK (Rancangan Acak Kelompok). Hasil penelitian yang dapat disimpulkanbahwa pengaruh kualitas fisik silase batang pisang sangat baik, sedangkan pengaruh palatabilitas pada ternak domba ekor gemuk tidak berbeda nyata memberikan (Thitung Â â‰¤0,05) berbeda nyata dengan (Thitung â‰¤0,01), namun untuk penegelompokan yang berdasarkan jenis kelamin menunjukan yang sangat nyata.
Uji Organoleptik Persilangan Ayam Kampung Broiler dengan Kepadatan Kandang yang berbeda
Authors: Mudirman Andi Fausiah , Mahmud Andi Tenri Bau Astuti , Rab Samsu Alam
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan uji organoleptik Ayam kampung broiler dengan kepadatan kandang yang berbeda. Hasil yang didapat pada penelitian organoleptik yaitu Hedonik dan Mutu hedonik adalah Penampilan umum hedonik dan mutu hedonik penilaian panelis memiliki rata-rata scor 3 (utuh sedikit menarik),. Untuk penilaian tektur rata-rata scor tekstur 3 (agak kasar), hal tersebut tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (P>0.05). Pada pengujian warna pengujian hedonik memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0.05), sedangkan pada pengujian Mutu hedonik tidak memberikan pengaruh pada perlakuan. Pengujian warna rata- rata Scor pengujian warna oleh panelis yaitu score 3 (pucat) hal tersebut di sebabkan warna suatu produk pangan merupakan daya tarik utama Dan untuk uji rasa Nilai rata-rata rasa daging ayam kampung broiler memiliki rata-rata score sebesar 2,41.Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Hasil pengujian organoleptik hedonik dan mutu hedonik terhadap persilangan ayam kampung broiler dengan kepadatan kandang yang berbeda, semua parameter Â pada perlakuan masih berada pada kisaran score 3. Kata Kunci: Ayam Kampung Broiler, Kandang, Hedonik dan Mutu Hedonik,
Kualitas Susu Pasteurisasi dengan Penambahan Kasumba Turate (Cartamus tinctorius L) Pada Lama Penyimpanan Berbeda
Authors: Faridah Rajmi , Febrianti Yuli
Published: October 2020

Kelemahan susu dalam hal masa simpan relatif singkat sehingga membutuhkan perlakuan untuk memperpanjang daya simpannya. Penambahan kasumba turate (Carthamus tinctorius L) pada susu pasteurisasi dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pewarna dan pengawet alami, karena kasumba turate tersebut mengandung sebagai antibakteri (flavonoid) yang dapat menjadikan susu lebih tahan dan awet.Variabel yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah organoleptik yang meliputi warna, aroma dan kekentalan. Sedangkan uji fisik meliputi uji masak dan uji pH.penambahan kasumba turate tidak berpengaruh terhadap warna dan aroma susu pasteurisasi. Sedangkan untuk aroma,nilai pH dan uji masak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan lamanya penyimpanan yang berbeda. Susu pasteurisasi dengan penambahan kasumba turate bertahan pada penyimpanan suhu ruang sampai 12 jam
Penggunaan Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Inulin terhadap Ketahanan Tubuh, Kecernaan Nutrien dan Performan Itik Tegal Jantan Periode Starter
Authors: Krismiyanto Lilik , Mangisah Istna , Suthama Nyoman , Wahyuni Hanny Indrat
Published: October 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dan inulin bersumber dari umbi dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) terhadap ketahanan tubuh, kecernaan nutrien dan performan itik tegal jantan periode starter. Itik tegal jantan berjumlah 96 ekor umur 8 hari, starter BAL bentuk cair dan inulin dari tepung umbi dahlia digunakan pada penelitian ini. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari 6 ekor itik. Perlakuan penelitian terdiri dari T0 (ransum basal/RB), T1 (RB + 2 mL starter BAL), T2 (RB + 0,8% tepung umbi dahlia), dan T3 (RB + 2 mL starter BAL dan 0,8% tepung umbi dahlia). Parameter yang diukur meliputi konsumsi ransum, kecernaan protein kasar, serat kasar, lemak kasar, asupan protein, rasio heterofil/limfosit (H/L), konversi ransum dan pertambahan bobot badan. Data dianalisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji wilayah ganda Duncan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi starter BAL dan tepung umbi dahlia nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan kecernaan protein kasar, serat kasar, lemak kasar, asupan protein, rasio H/L, konversi ransum dan pertambahan bobot badan, tetapi menurunkan konsumsi ransum. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah kombinasi starter BAL 2 mL dan tepung umbi dahlia 0,8% (T3) menghasilkan ketahanan tubuh, kecernaan nutrien dan performan lebih baik. Â
PERBANDINGAN PRODUKTIVITAS AYAM BROILER TERHADAP SISTEM KANDANG TERBUKA (Open House) DAN KANDANG TERTUTUP (Closed House) DI UD SUMBER MAKMUR KECAMATAN SUMBERREJO KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO
Authors: Susanti Eka Dwi , Dahlan Mufid , Wahyuning Dyah
Published: October 2020

Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 20 Mei sampai 25 Juni tahun 2016 dilakukan penelitian di Kandang Terbuka (Open House) dan Kandang Tertutup (Closed House) di UD. Sumber Makmur Kecamatan Sumberrejo Kabupaten Bojonegoro.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan produktivitas sistem Kandang Open House dan Kandang Closed House ternak ayam broiler di UD. Sumber Makmur Kecamatan Sumberrejo Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian pengamatan secara langsung ke lapangan (Observasi). Pengambilan sampel dengan cara simple random sampling (sampling acak sederhana). Pengambilan sampel dengan simple random sampling dimana sampel dipilih secara acak dari jumlah yang ditentukan, untuk penelitian ini menggunakan 2 kandang penelitian yaitu, lokasi tersebut yakni 1 Kandang Open House dan 1 Kandang Closed House yang berada di UD. Sumber Makmur Kecamatan Sumberrejo Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pertumbuhan Berat Badan untuk Kandang Open House adalah 1.725 gr/ekor dan untuk Kandang Closed House 1.962 gr/ekor dari pertumbuhan berat badan kedua Kandang tersebut adalah kandang Closed House, tingkat mortalitas/kematian dari kandang Open House sebesar 5%, kandang Closed House sebesar 4% dari populasi 100 ekor ayam broiler dan untuk FCR kandang Open House adalah 1,78 untuk FCR kandang Closed House adalah 1,80 untuk menetukan FCR memenuhi standart bila FCR semakin kecil maka FCR semakin Baik. Untuk IP (Indeks Performa) untuk Kandang Open House adalah 263,05% dan kandang Closed House adalah 289,66% dari jumlah Ip antara dua kandang tersebut tidak mencapai standart, dan untuk standart Ip adalah diatas 300%. Dari kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa untuk pertumbuhan berat badan antara kandang Open dan Closed House adalah kandang Closed House. Kematian 4% untuk kandang CloseD House dan 5% untuk kandang Open House. FCR kandang Closed House lebih besar dari pada kandang Open House.Keywords: kandang terbuka, fcr, ayam broiler