bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness and Perception about Oral Cancer among the Rural Population at Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gladwin S , Karthikeyan GR , Balaguhan B , Sakthisri V
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The prevalence of oral cancer is extremely high in India, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Public awareness of oral cancer may aid in the prevention and early detection of the disease. To achieve successful prevention, it is essential to analyse the level of awareness among the rural Indian population, who often lacks access to healthcare. Aim: To assess the awareness and perception of oral cancer, including its signs, symptoms and treatment options in the rural population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Madhuranthagam, Tamil Nadu, India over a period of eight months (September 2022 to April 2023) among 350 participants who visited the Dental and Medical College, Outpatient Department (OPD) from the rural population of Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu, India. A pretested, self-administered questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was distributed. These questions addressed knowledge and awareness of the signs and symptoms of oral cancer, various aetiological factors, risk factors associated with tobacco use, treatment options, and the quality of life of patients after receiving treatment. Responses were collected and tabulated for data analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM Corp. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software for Windows, version 22.0 (Armonk, NY). The Chi-square test with Yates correction was used to compare the associations between males and females regarding awareness and perception of oral cancer. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was approximately 38 years. Among the total of 350 participants, 190 (54.2%) were males and 160 (45.8%) were females. Among the participants, 80.6% (36.8% males and 43.8% females) believed that smoking and tobacco chewing were causative factors for oral cancer. Additionally, 66.3% of males and 70% of females were aware of the treatment options available after the confirmation of oral cancer. Furthermore, 42.6% of males and 43.1% of females stated that they were aware of the role of oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the treatment of oral cancer. Conclusion: Out of all participants, only 79.1% of the rural population was familiar with the term “oral cancer,” and 45.5% knew that a persistent, non healing ulcer is the most typical sign of oral cancer. Prevention and early identification of oral cancer, along with associated health education, are critical public health issues that require continued and heightened focus in the medical field.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Probiotics and Triphala Herbal Oral Rinses against Candida Species in Denture Wearer Patients: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Krittika Kuhar , Sukhija Urvashi , Bhathal Manumeet Kaur , Kukreja Navneet , Chhabra Swati , Sachdeva Surinder
Published: October 2024

Introduction: With increasing age, patients experience a reduction in immunity and an increase in systemic illnesses. These factors significantly contribute to the occurrence of candidiasis in the oral cavity. New approaches to treating and preventing a wide range of oral disorders may become possible through host immunity modulation. Natural agents are preferred for complete denture wearers to prevent candidiasis, which is one of the leading causes of denture stomatitis. Aim: To assess the efficacy of herbal oral rinses (Triphala) and probiotics against Candida species in denture-wearing patients. Materials and Methods: This randomised double-blinded study clinical study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics at MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India, from August 2022 to January 2023. Ethical clearance was obtained and 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=30): Group-A (Probiotics group) and Group-B (Triphala group). Sample collection was performed at baseline and after an 8-week experimental period. The collected samples were inoculated in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Chloramphenicol and incubated for 48 hours at 37°C±2°C in a Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) incubator. The number of Candida colonies was scored and counted using a Digital Colony Counter, reported as Colony-forming Units (CFU) at baseline and after eight weeks. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon matched-pair test for comparisons within groups and the Mann-Whitney U-test for pair-wise comparisons (p<0.05). Results: The mean age of patients in Group-A was 61±3 years, while in Group-B it was 60±2 years. The mean CFU for the probiotics group was 44.70±72.5 and for the Triphala group, it was 79.60±58.7 before treatment. After treatment, the mean CFU for the probiotics group was 24.70±271.4 and for the Triphala group, it was 50.67±196.4. Although no significant difference (p-value>0.05) was observed between the two groups, both rinses proved effective against Candida species in denturewearing patients. However, the mean reduction in CFUs was significantly higher for Triphala (p-value=0.021). Conclusion: Both probiotics and Triphala showed a significant reduction in CFU after eight weeks of use. However, Triphala was more effective in reducing Candida compared to probiotics. Therefore, it can be considered an efficient agent for denturewearing patients against Candida species.
Psychometric Properties of Functional Reach Tests among Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sharma Kavita , Kumar Shantha
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Reach tests are commonly used outcome measures to assess balance among various populations. The psychometric properties of these outcome measures help in selecting the most effective tests to enhance the credibility of interventions. Aim: To determine the psychometric properties of reach tests among children aged 5 to 17 years. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane from inception to November 2023. Crosssectional studies involving children that assessed at least one psychometric property of a reach test and were written in English were included. An adapted version of the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria were used for quality assessment of the psychometric properties. Results: A total of 944 articles were screened, of which 17 studies were included. Eleven studies recruited typically developing children, while six studies used Functional Reach Test (FRT) and its modifications as the primary outcome measure. Another six studies focused on the Sit-and-Reach Test (SRT) and its modifications. The Paediatric Reach Test (PRT) was also utilised in some studies. Conclusion: The FRT demonstrated excellent methodological quality. Other outcome measures showed limitations in their psychometric properties. Therefore, there is a need to refine reach tests in multiple ways to achieve excellent psychometrics that could be beneficial for children aged 5 to 17 years.
Performance Evaluation of Semi-Solid Set Sprinkler Irrigation System at Field Scale
Authors: Koech Walter Cheruiyot , Tarimo Andrew , Mbungu Winfried B.
Published: October 2024

In recent years, enhancing irrigation system efficiency has become increasingly crucial for maximising agricultural output and resource utilization. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of the semi-solid set sprinkler irrigation system at Mkulazi Sugarcane Estate in Tanzania's Kilosa District, Morogoro Region. Catch cans test experiments were carried out to evaluate the system efficiency in the sugarcane crop's specified zones and pressure measurements were taken at selected sprinkler lateral positions the distribution parameters Distribution Uniformity (DU) and Christiansen's Coefficient of Uniformity (CU) were computed. Furthermore, efficiency factors such as water application rate, Potential efficiency of the low quarter (PELQ), and delivery performance ratio (DPR) were calculated using the provided formula. According to the study's findings, the system's distribution uniformity, coefficient of uniformity, and Delivery Performance Ratio were 82%, 85%, and 0.93, respectively. These results showed that the overall performance of the sprinkler system was satisfactory. However, the tail parts of the sprinkler laterals experienced lower discharges due to clogging caused by deposited sediments. Proper filtration and regular flushing of the laterals was recommended to ensure a more uniform distribution and reduction of losses.
Analysis of Production, Socio-economic and Institutional Factors Affecting Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Banana Producers in Kirinyaga Central Sub-county, Kenya
Authors: Mkenye Mativa Jackson , Kingori Gathungu Geofrey , Anaye Omukoko Caroline , Njeru Rithaa Jafford , Mwangi Ireri Dave
Published: October 2024

Banana provides food, nutrition security and income for most households and is fourth most popular food crop in the world after wheat, maize and rice. Despite its significance, full potential of banana production in Kenya remains unexploited by smallholder producers due to low technical efficiency especially in the utilization of farming inputs due to production, socio-economic and institutional issues, among other factors. In Kirinyaga County, the actual banana production is estimated at 4-18 tonnes per acre against the potential of 30-40 tonnes. Despite the limited supply of resources for production, attainment of highest possible levels of technical efficiency is key to achieving efficiency in banana farming. The study analyzed the effects of production, socio-economic and institutional factors on technical efficiency among smallholder banana producers in Kirinyaga Central Sub-County, Kenya. A cross-sectional research design was used in this study. Questionnaire was administered randomly to 402 respondents’ selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Data was analyzed using Stata version 17 and SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics described the production, socio-economic and institutional factors. A stochastic frontier analysis approach was used to model the efficiency levels using Cobb-Douglas functional form estimated using the maximum likelihood technique. The study showed that technical efficiency varied between 0.93% to 95.45% and average technical efficiency of 83.14%. The study found that manure and planting materials had positive effects on technical efficiency whereas land size had negative impact. The findings established that age of decision maker and size of the household had negative effects whereas education, experience, producer group membership and market access had positive effects on technical efficiency. The study advises people with high levels of education to get into banana farming because smallholder producers with greater levels of education demonstrated high levels of production efficiency. Additionally, to improve technical efficiencies, farmer group development and membership are encouraged and also extension services should be made more accessible.
Unveiling Economic Transformation: Assessing the Impact of SHGs in Empowering Scheduled Caste Women of Ramgarh District in Jharkhand, India
Authors: Kumari Manisha , Murmu Shashi Shekhar , Kumari Rinki
Published: October 2024

Breaking down the barriers, challenging stereotypes, and promoting inclusivity, the empowerment of SC (Scheduled Caste) women in Jharkhand is a beacon of hope for a future where every woman can thrive with dignity and opportunity. Empowering SC women in Jharkhand is a vital journey toward justice and equality. And this can only be achieved through creating awareness among them about those initiatives which uplift them. Through initiatives like Self-help Groups (SHGs), they are not only gaining financial independency but also developing essential skills and raising their voices to be heard in the communities. This empowerment isn't just about individual progress; it's a key to fostering positive change in society. This research paper investigates deeply into the transformative effects of the SHGs on the economic empowerment of SC women in the Ramgarh District of Jharkhand. Wilcoxon signed-rank test has been used in this research paper, which is an appropriate choice for evaluating the before-and-aftereffects of SHG membership on individuals. The data has been taken from five different blocks of Ramgarh district (Gola, Mandu, Chitarpur, Ramgarh, Patratu). This research reveals a statistically significant improvement in the economic factors after participating in SHGs, underscoring the substantial positive influence of SHG on the economic empowerment of SC women in Ramgarh. Moreover, this research paper goes beyond the numbers to offer insightful recommendations for empowering scheduled caste women through SHG in Ramgarh district.
Evaluating Carbon Stocks (2020-2023) in Rhizophora mucronata Plantations under the PHE ONWJ REMAJA Program in Pantai Bahagia Villages, Bekasi Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Rahman  , Amalo Luisa Febrina , Wibowo Pungki Ari , Handayani Luluk Dwi Wulan , Supardi Hadi , Bena L. M. Alfin Agushara , Rahman Arif
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the carbon storage potential of Rhizophora mucronata plantations as part of the North Java Coast Mangrove Restoration Program (REMAJA) implemented by PT. Pertamina Hulu Energi Offshore North West Java (PHE ONWJ) in Pantai Bahagia Village, Bekasi Regency. A total of 8,000 mangrove seedlings were planted in 2020, and the diameter growth and carbon stock were monitored from 2020 to 2023. The monitoring process involved measuring the trunk diameter of the mangrove, combined with allometric equations to estimate biomass. Carbon sequestration was calculated by applying conversion factors to the biomass values, allowing the quantification of stored carbon. This method provides an accurate assessment of the mangrove’s role in carbon sequestration over time. The results showed that the survival rate of Rhizophora mucronata seedlings was exceptionally high, averaging over 98%. The total carbon stock increased annually, reaching 15.59 tons of carbon (C) in 2023, 9.57 tons in AGC, and 6.02 tons in BGC. The result represents a significant increase compared to previous years, with an additional 5.14 tons of carbon compared to 2022, 13.75 tons more than in 2021, and 15.01 tons more than in 2020. Based on these results, the carbon dioxide sequestration contribution of R. mucronata during the periods of 2020-2021, 2021-2022, and 2022-2023 was 4.62 tons CO2e, 31.58 tons CO2e, and 18.83 tons CO2e, respectively. In conclusion, the R. mucronata plantation under this program significantly enhanced carbon stocks, supporting climate change mitigation through long-term carbon storage. This program demonstrates that mangrove rehabilitation can play a crucial role in protecting coastal ecosystems and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
2-(4-fluorobenzyl)Chromeno[2,3-c]Pyrozol-3(2H)-One as Copper Corrosion Inhibitor in HNO3: Gravimetric and Quantum Chemical Investigation Methods
Authors: Tigori Mougo André , Koné Aboudramane , Allou N’guadi Blaise , Gaston Kpotin Assongba , Jean-Jaurès Zigbe Derotoh , Sissouma Drissa , Niamien Paulin Marius
Published: October 2024

The use of organic compounds as corrosion inhibitors has become a principal means of protecting metal equipment in industrial applications. This work therefore set out to evaluate the inhibiting properties of 2-(4-fluorobenzyl)chromeno[2,3-c] pyrozol-3(2H)-one for copper corrosion in 1M nitric acid solution. These properties were investigated using gravimetric method and quantum chemical calculations. Inhibition efficiency increased with temperature, inhibitor concentration and immersion time. Adsorption of this molecule on copper surface occurs according to Langmuir isotherm, while the thermodynamic parameters of absorption and kinetics prove that adsorption is spontaneous and dominated by chemisorption. Quantum chemical parameters derived from density functional theory (DFT) revealed that there is a strong interaction based on electronic exchange between the inhibitor and copper. Global and local reactivity parameters such as highest occupied molecular orbital energy, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy, energy gap, Fukui functions and dual descriptor were used to understand the molecule-metal interface and to design more appropriate organic corrosion inhibitors. Theoretical results proved to be consistent with the experimental data obtained.
Therapeutic Potential of Orally Administered Aqueous Seed Extract of Garcinia kola on Experimental Colitis Induced by Acetic Acid Colitis in Wistar Rats
Authors: Perede A. , Aviowro O. G. , Abubakar M. S. , Sahabi S. M. , Igbinosa I. , Gamde S. M. , Abubakar U. , Chukwu M. N. , Bello M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Erosive colitis is a common disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown cause, characterized by recurrent erosion of the colonic mucosal lining.
The pathogenesis likely involves genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors.
Aim: This study investigated the therapeutic effects of Garcinia kola (GK) on acetic acid-induced erosive colitis in adult male Wistar rats. Erosive colitis (EC) was induced in male Wistar rats by intra-rectal administration of 2 ml of 4 % acetic acid at 8 cm proximal to the anus for 30 seconds.
Methodology: Thirty-six animals were divided into six groups (n=6), negative control (no erosion, no GK); positive control (erosive colitis without treatment of GK extract); treated with 100, 200, 400mg/kg GK, standard treatment group (Prednisolone) for 14 days.
Results: Garcinia kola significantly improved Erosive colitis-induced reduction in mean stool consistency and mean macroscopic erosion score (P< 0.05). Injection of GK also significantly reduced the mean microscopic erosion score when compared to untreated EC control (P < 0.01). GK reduced the colonic mucosa injury of the Wistar rat.
Conclusion: Results of this study provide scientific evidence that lends credence to the use of aqueous seed extract of Garcinia kola in folklore medicine in the management of colitis erosion.
Effect of Nitrogen Levels on Growth Performance of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum M.) CV. Mudigere-1
Authors: Gawade Swapnaja S. , Gajbhiye R. C. , Thorat S. B. , More S. S. , Saitwal Y. S.
Published: October 2024

The present experiment was carried out during the year 2023-24 at the Nursery No. 4, College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra, India. The seven treatments replicated thrice comprising of various nitrogen levels (75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 kg/ha/year) with constant level of phosphorus (75 kg/ha/year) and potassium (200 kg/ha/year) and RDF of Kerala Agriculture University as control were tested under Randomized Block Design. The result obtained from the present experiment revealed that different nitrogen levels along with the constant phosphorus and potassium levels significantly affected the growth attributes of cardamom plants. At the end of the experiment (360 days after fertilizer application), the growth attributes viz., plant height (222.92 cm), plant spread (NS- 231.43 cm and EW- 215.44 cm), number of tillers (36.33) and number of leaves per tiller (16.00) were obtained maximum in treatment T5 (N: P2O5:K2O @ 150:75:200 kg/ha/year).
Protecting Autonomous UAVs from GPS Spoofing and Jamming: A Comparative Analysis of Detection and Mitigation Techniques
Authors: Joeaneke Princess Chimmy , Obioha-Val Onyinye , Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji , Ogungbemi Olumide Samuel , Olisa Anthony Obulor , Akinola Oluwaseun Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the vulnerabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to GPS spoofing and jamming, addressing three key research questions: (1) What are the common techniques used to spoof or jam GPS signals for UAVs? (2) How do these techniques impact UAV performance and safety? (3) What mitigation strategies are most effective in preventing interference? A mixed-methods approach was used, combining a qualitative review of peer-reviewed literature and a quantitative analysis of GPS signal data. Spoofing increased positioning errors to 20.45 meters, while jamming reduced mission completion rates by 40%. Detection models, including Random Forest, SVM, and Neural Networks, were evaluated, with SVM showing a recall of 56.4% for spoofed signals despite lower overall accuracy. Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) and Visual Odometry were most effective in reducing navigation errors by over 90% and showed the highest mission success rates, recovering from interference within 0.81 to 1.28 seconds. These findings highlight the importance of integrating advanced detection methods and resilient systems in GPS-reliant UAV operations.
Rare Case of Maxillary Osteomyelitis: A Confluence of Sinusitis, Dental Caries, COVID-19, and Diabetes
Authors: Sequeira Joyce P. , Upadya Varsha , Shaikh Aamir , Batra Akshit
Published: October 2024

In the realm of maxillofacial medicine, osteomyelitis, a disorder marked by inflammation of the bone and bone marrow, presents serious challenges. Even though the medical community is aware of this disorder, it is relatively prevalent, especially in developing nations like India, to occur in the maxillofacial skeleton, primarily the mandible. Since the maxilla has a large collateral blood flow, thin cortical bones, and strutted bone marrow that reduces infection risk, it tends to occur more frequently in the mandible, than the maxilla. Owing to the rarity of maxillary osteomyelitis, a thorough study into the illness's potential underlying causes is necessary for a definite diagnosis. A severe infection usually requires an immunocompromised state, even in those impacted by these potential causes. Antimicrobial therapy and debridement, along with the management of ensuing dead space and bone stability, are among the susceptibilities and treatments. Here, we describe a rare instance of maxillary osteomyelitis in an older patient with a weakened immune system, highlighting our approach.
Using MODIS cloud regimes to sort diagnostic signals of aerosol‐cloud‐precipitation interactions
Authors: Oreopoulos Lazaros , Cho Nayeong , Lee Dongmin
Published: April 2017

Coincident multiyear measurements of aerosol, cloud, precipitation, and radiation at near‐global scales are analyzed to diagnose their apparent relationships as suggestive of interactions previously proposed based on theoretical, observational, and model constructs. Specifically, we examine whether differences in aerosol loading in separate observations go along with consistently different precipitation, cloud properties, and cloud radiative effects. Our analysis uses a cloud regime (CR) framework to dissect and sort the results. The CRs come from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor and are defined as distinct groups of cloud systems with similar covariations of cloud top pressure and cloud optical thickness. Aerosol optical depth used as proxy for aerosol loading comes from two sources, MODIS observations and the MERRA‐2 reanalysis, and its variability is defined with respect to local seasonal climatologies. The choice of aerosol data set impacts our results substantially. We also find that the responses of the marine and continental component of a CR are frequently quite disparate. Overall, CRs dominated by warm clouds tend to exhibit less ambiguous signals but also have more uncertainty with regard to precipitation changes. Finally, we find weak, but occasionally systematic covariations of select meteorological indicators and aerosol, which serve as a sober reminder that ascribing changes in cloud and cloud‐affected variables solely to aerosol variations is precarious.
Exploration of A New Zwitterion: Phosphine‐Catalyzed [2+1+2] Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Gao Yu‐Ning , Xu Qin , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: April 2017

A new zwitterion generated from different electron‐deficient alkenes and phosphines has been designed and its reactivity was explored. We demonstrated that this new zwitterion directed a novel [2+1+2] cycloaddition reaction between vinylpyridines and isatin‐derived electron‐deficient alkenes, affording spirocyclopenteneoxindole derivatives containing three stereocenters in moderate to good yields with good diastereoselectivities. A plausible mechanism has been proposed relying on preliminary mechanistic investigations and supported by theoretical calculations.

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Functionalization of styrene–butadiene rubber with meta‐pentadecenyl phenol for better processing: A multifunctional additive and renewable resource
Authors: Mahata Denial , Prabhavale Onkar , Samantarai Satyajit , Maity Himadri , Nag Ahindra , Nando Golok B.
Published: April 2017

Meta‐pentadecenyl phenol, a nonisoprenoid phenolic lipid, is a renewable agricultural resource and also a byproduct of the cashew industry; it is popularly known as cardanol. This study throws light on the grafting of cardanol, which has been established as a multifunctional additive for natural rubber, onto the main‐chain backbone of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), a synthetic polymer used to imbibe the multifunctional properties of the former, such as those of a plasticizer, curing promoter, process aid, and antioxidant, into the latter. The grafting was carried out in the solution stage on a trial basis with a peroxide catalyst, and all of the grafting parameters were optimized with a Taguchi methodology. The grafting of cardanol onto the SBR backbone was successfully confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and NMR analysis. Thermal analysis of the cardanol‐grafted styrene–butadiene rubber (C‐g‐SBR) revealed a higher thermal stability and better plasticizing effect than that those found in the virgin SBR. The rheological properties of the grafted rubber indicated the improvement of the pseudo‐plastic (shear‐thinning) nature compared to that in gum SBR. The unfilled C‐g‐SBR vulcanizates exhibited physicomechanical properties comparable to 5‐phr processing‐oil‐containing SBR [oil‐plasticized styrene–butadiene rubber (OPSBR)] vulcanizates. The carbon‐black‐filled C‐g‐SBR vulcanizates exhibited improved plasticization, a faster curing rate, easy processability, and better physicomechanical properties compared to the 5‐phr OPSBR vulcanizates. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45150.
Compatibilized TPU‐PDMS blends: Pros and cons of melt mixing and solution mixing techniques
Authors: Drupitha M. P. , Naskar Kinsuk , Nando Golok B.
Published: April 2017

The present work describes the influence of processing route on thermomechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) compatibilized blends. In this study, compatibilized blends of TPU and PDMS prepared by melt mixing and solution mixing techniques were compared. Ethylene methyl acrylate at different doses of 1, 2, 3, and 4 phr was used as the compatibilizer in 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30 blend ratios of TPU and PDMS. Optimum percentage of compatibilizer was same in both the methods and which was increased with the percentage of PDMS. As compared to melt mixed blends, solution mixed blends showed improved mechanical properties. From the dynamical mechanical analysis it was observed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) obtained was higher for the solution mixed blends due to the stiffer chains. The enhanced physicomechanical properties of the solution mixed blends were attributed to the improved thermal stability of the blends. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 45164.
Effects of Stoichiometry on the H2‐Storage Properties of Mg(NH2)2–LiH–LiBH4 Tri‐Component Systems
Authors: Wang Han , Cao Hujun , Pistidda Claudio , Garroni Sebastiano , Wu Guotao , Klassen Thomas , Dorheim Martin , Chen Ping
Published: April 2017

The hydrogen desorption pathways and storage properties of 2 Mg(NH2)2–3 LiH–xLiBH4 samples (x=0, 1, 2, and 4) were investigated systematically by a combination of pressure composition isotherm (PCI), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), and volumetric release methods. Experimental results showed that the desorption peak temperatures of 2 Mg(NH2)2–3 LiH–xLiBH4 samples were approximately 10–15 °C lower than that of 2 Mg(NH2)2–3 LiH. The 2 Mg(NH2)2–3 LiH–4 LiBH4 composite in particular began to release hydrogen at 90 °C, thereby exhibiting superior dehydrogenation performance. All of the LiBH4‐doped samples could be fully dehydrogenated and re‐hydrogenated at a temperature of 143 °C. The high hydrogen pressure region (above 50 bar) of PCI curves for the LiBH4‐doped samples rose as the amount of LiBH4 increased. LiBH4 changed the desorption pathway of the 2 Mg(NH2)2–3 LiH sample under a hydrogen pressure of 50 bar, thereby resulting in the formation of MgNH and molten [LiNH2–2 LiBH4]. That is different from the dehydrogenation pathway of 2 Mg(NH2)2–3 LiH sample without LiBH4, which formed Li2Mg2N3H3 and LiNH2, as reported previously. In addition, the results of DSC analyses showed that the doped samples exhibited two independent endothermic events, which might be related to two different desorption pathways.
Rigid Nonfullerene Acceptors Based on Triptycene–Perylene Dye for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Meng Dong , Fu Huiting , Fan Bingbing , Zhang Jianqi , Li Yan , Sun Yanming , Wang Zhaohui
Published: April 2017

Three kinds of nonconjugated rigid perylene bisimide (PBI) derivatives based on a triptycene core were designed, synthesized and characterized. The unique three‐dimensional (3D) conformation of triptycene could enable formation of polymer with the favorable morphology for organic polymer solar cells (PSCs) by relieving the self‐aggregation of rigid PBI units. The low‐lying LUMO energy levels of these compounds demonstrated that they are very suitable for use as acceptors in organic solar cells. A higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.15 % was obtained for the blend film using the compound with two PBI units (T‐2) as the acceptor and commercial poly[[4,8‐bis[5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophene‐2‐yl]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl][3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)‐carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl]] (PCE‐10) as the electron donor.
The Reach and Limitation of the ADA and its Integration Mandate: Implications for the Successful Reentry of Individuals with Mental Disabilities in a Correctional Population
Authors: Dlugacz Henry A. , Droubi Luna
Published: April 2017

This article argues that the ADA and its integration mandate, informed by international standards, should extend to incarcerated individuals with mental disabilities who reenter society, as they are at highly elevated risk for unnecessary segregation in institutions such as homeless shelters or hospitals or through reincarceration. An understanding of the precise services needed to prevent these strongly related but distinct variants of institutionalization requires a robust and continuing research agenda. In discussing the breadth of the ADA, we explore its history, interpretations of its application in a variety of contexts with respect to vulnerable populations and integration, and enforcement. We also turn to international approaches to integration mandates as they apply to reentry. By interpreting the domestic and international principles that create the context for integration we hope to have provided a resource for future application of the ADA integration in the context of prisoner reentry. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consider key questions about the role of intellectual property on your campus
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: April 2017

ORLANDO, Fla. — You might think copyrights and trademarks concern mainly those in corporate America. But higher ed administrators should also pay attention to such issues because intellectual property can significantly impact the individuals and departments on your campus as well as your institution as a whole.
Social influence of humor in virtual human counselor's self‐disclosure
Authors: Kang Sin‐Hwa , Krum David M. , Khooshabeh Peter , Phan Thai , Chang Chien‐Yen , Amir Ori , Lin Rebecca
Published: April 2017

We explored the social influence of humor in a virtual human counselor's self‐disclosure while also varying the ethnicity of the virtual counselor. In a 2 × 3 experiment (humor and ethnicity of the virtual human counselor), participants experienced counseling interview interactions via Skype on a smartphone. We measured user responses to and perceptions of the virtual human counselor. The results demonstrate that humor positively affects user responses to and perceptions of a virtual counselor. The results further suggest that matching styles of humor with a virtual counselor's ethnicity influences user responses and perceptions. The results offer insight into the effective design and development of realistic and believable virtual human counselors. Furthermore, they illuminate the potential use of humor to enhance self‐disclosure in human–agent interactions.
Chiral Sensing with Mesoporous Pd@Pt Nanoparticles
Authors: Fang Yuxi , Li Cuiling , Bo Jiang , Henzie Joel , Yamauchi Yusuke , Asahi Toru
Published: April 2017

Mesoporous Pd@Pt nanoparticles possess high surface areas while still maintaining electroconductivity and low potential for agglomeration. By introducing L‐ or D‐DOPA (3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine) enantiomers during the synthesis of the mesoporous Pd@Pt nanoparticles, we can create a Pt shell that is sensitive to the chirality of the DOPA molecule. We demonstrate sensitive electrochemical detection of DOPA enantiomers.
LC–MS/MS and chiroptical spectroscopic analyses of multidimensional metabolic systems of chiral thalidomide and its derivatives
Authors: Ogino Yoshiyuki , Tanaka Masahito , Shimozawa Togo , Asahi Toru
Published: April 2017

Enantiomeric thalidomide undergoes various kinds of biotransformations including chiral inversion, hydrolysis, and enzymatic oxidation, which results in several metabolites, thereby adding to the complexity in the understanding of the nature of thalidomide. To decipher this complexity, we analyzed the multidimensional metabolic reaction networks of thalidomide and related molecules in vitro. Characteristic patterns in the amount of various metabolites of thalidomide and related molecules generated during a combination of chiral inversion, hydrolysis, and hydroxylation were observed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and chiroptical spectroscopy. We found that monosubstituted thalidomide derivatives exhibited different time‐dependent metabolic patterns compared with thalidomide. We also revealed that monohydrolyzed and monohydroxylated metabolites of thalidomide were likely to generate mainly by a C‐5 oxidation of thalidomide and subsequent ring opening of the hydroxylated metabolite. Since chirality was conserved in most of these metabolites during metabolism, they had the same chirality as that of nonmetabolized thalidomide. Our findings will contribute toward understanding the significant pharmacological effects of the multiple metabolites of thalidomide and its derivatives.
Optical resolution and mechanism using enantioselective cellulose, sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin membranes
Authors: Yuan Li‐Ming , Ma Wei , Xu Mei , Zhao Hui‐Lin , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Rui‐Lin , Duan Ai‐Hong , Ai Ping , Chen Xue‐Xian
Published: April 2017

Chiral solid membranes of cellulose, sodium alginate, and hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin were prepared for chiral dialysis separations. After optimizing the membrane material concentrations, the membrane preparation conditions and the feed concentrations, enantiomeric excesses of 89.1%, 42.6%, and 59.1% were obtained for mandelic acid on the cellulose membrane,p‐hydroxy phenylglycine on the sodium alginate membrane, andp‐hydroxy phenylglycine on the hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin membrane, respectively. To study the optical resolution mechanism, chiral discrimination by membrane adsorption, solid phase extraction, membrane chromatography, high‐pressure liquid chromatography ultrafiltration were performed. All of the experimental results showed that the first adsorbed enantiomer was not the enantiomer that first permeated the membrane. The crystal structures of mandelic acid andp‐hydroxy phenylglycine are the racematic compounds. We suggest that the chiral separation mechanism of the solid membrane is “adsorption – association – diffusion,” which is able to explain the optical resolution of the enantioselective membrane. This is also the first report in which solid membranes of sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin were used in the chiral separation ofp‐hydroxy phenylglycine.
Platelet reactivity in response to loading dose of atorvastatin or rosuvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease before percutaneous coronary intervention: The STATIPLAT randomized study
Authors: Godino Cosmo , Pavon Anna Giulia , Mangieri Antonio , Salerno Anna , Cera Michela , Monello Alberto , Chieffo Alaide , Magni Valeria , Cappelletti Alberto , Margonato Alberto , Colombo Antonio
Published: April 2017

Background

The acute effects of statin loading dose (LD) on platelet reactivity in patients with chronic stable angina (CSA) are not completely clear.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that LDs of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin have different pharmacodynamic acute effects on platelet aggregability in CSA patients with baseline normal platelet reactivity while on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).

Methods

From September 2011 to February 2014, all consecutive CSA patients on chronic DAPT (aspirin and clopidogrel) were evaluated before elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). An initial assessment of platelet reactivity in response to thrombin receptor agonist, ADP, and ASP (respectively, indicative of the response to clopidogrel and aspirin) was performed with impedance aggregometry. Patients with high platelet reactivity to ADP test (area under the curve >47) were excluded. The remaining patients were randomized into 3 treatment groups: Group A, atorvastatin LD 80 mg; Group B, rosuvastatin LD 40 mg; and Group C, no statin LD (control group). A second assessment of platelet reactivity was performed ≥12 hours after statin LD.

Results

682 patients were screened and 145 were randomized into the 3 groups. At baseline and after statin LD, no significant difference was found in platelet reactivity in response to 3 different agonists between the 3 groups. Subgroup analysis showed that platelet reactivity to ADP test was significantly lower in patients chronically treated with low‐dose statins (n = 94) compared with statin‐naïve patients (n = 51; 15.32 ± 1.50 vs 18.59 ± 1.30; P = 0.007).

Conclusions

Loading dose of atorvastatin (80 mg) or rosuvastatin (40 mg) did not induce significant variation in platelet reactivity in CSA patients with baseline reduced platelet reactivity as in chronic DAPT. Our data confirm that chronic concomitant treatment with low‐dose statins and clopidogrel resulted in significantly lower platelet reactivity compared with clopidogrel alone.
Synthesis of the Smallest Member of the Silylketene Family: H3SiC(H)=C=O
Authors: Tarczay György , Förstel Marko , Góbi Sándor , Maksyutenko Pavlo , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: April 2017

The front cover artwork is provided by Prof. György Tarczay (Eötvös University) and the group of Prof. Ralf I. Kaiser (University of Hawaii). The background computer‐generated image (provided by Gerd Altmann, Freiburg, Germany) is mimicking an interstellar object, in the front the Keck machine, a 3D mass spectrum used for identification, and the silylketene molecule are displayed. The cover art was prepared by László Lénárd (Eötvös University). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201601422.
How do we know what makes for “best practice” in clinical supervision for psychological therapists? A content analysis of supervisory models and approaches
Authors: Simpson‐Southward Chloe , Waller Glenn , Hardy Gillian E.
Published: April 2017

Clinical supervision for psychotherapies is widely used in clinical and research contexts. Supervision is often assumed to ensure therapy adherence and positive client outcomes, but there is little empirical research to support this contention. Regardless, there are numerous supervision models, but it is not known how consistent their recommendations are. This review aimed to identify which aspects of supervision are consistent across models, and which are not. A content analysis of 52 models revealed 71 supervisory elements. Models focus more on supervisee learning and/or development (88.46%), but less on emotional aspects of work (61.54%) or managerial or ethical responsibilities (57.69%). Most models focused on the supervisee (94.23%) and supervisor (80.77%), rather than the client (48.08%) or monitoring client outcomes (13.46%). Finally, none of the models were clearly or adequately empirically based. Although we might expect clinical supervision to contribute to positive client outcomes, the existing models have limited client focus and are inconsistent. Therefore, it is not currently recommended that one should assume that the use of such models will ensure consistent clinician practice or positive therapeutic outcomes.

Key Practitioner Messages

There is little evidence for the effectiveness of supervision.

There is a lack of consistency in supervision models.

Services need to assess whether supervision is effective for practitioners and patients.
The clinical application of suicide risk assessment: A theory‐driven approach
Authors: Mitchell Sean M. , Brown Sarah L. , Roush Jared F. , Bolaños Angelea D. , Littlefield Andrew K. , Marshall Andrew J. , Jahn Danielle R. , Morgan Robert D. , Cukrowicz Kelly C.
Published: April 2017

The interpersonal theory of suicide posits that thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB) increase suicide ideation; however, studies have found mixed results regarding this hypothesis among psychiatric inpatients. This study aimed to (a) demonstrate how assessing TB and PB using the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) can provide clinically useful information and (b) investigate how statistical methodology may impact the clinical application of the INQ. Participants were 139 (Sample 1) and 104 (Sample 2) psychiatric inpatients. In both samples, ordinal logistic regression results indicated TB and PB, separately, were significant predictors of suicide ideation‐related outcomes; however, when examined as simultaneous predictors, TB was no longer a significant predictor. The interaction between TB and PB was not significant for either sample. Despite this, TB and PB scores provided clinically relevant information about suicide ideation‐related outcomes. For example, the highest scores on TB and PB indicated a 93% and 95% chance of having some level of distress due to suicide ideation (Sample 1), a 91% and 92% chance of having some level of desire for death, and a 79% and 84% chance of having some level of desire for suicide, respectively (Sample 2). This study also proposes clinical cutoff scores for the INQ (for TB and PB, respectively, cutoff scores were 22 and 17 for distress due to suicide ideation, 33 and 17 for desire for death, and 31 and 22 for desire for suicide). Although these results indicate that multicollinearity between TB and PB may create interpretational ambiguity for clinicians, TB and PB may each be useful separate predictors of suicide ideation‐related outcomes in psychiatric inpatient settings and should be incorporated into suicide risk assessment.

Key Practitioner Message

The 15‐item Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (an assessment of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness) should be incorporated into suicide risk assessment.

Among psychiatric inpatients, greater thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, as separate predictors, were associated with increased levels of distress due to suicide ideation, desire for death, and desire for suicide.

The highest scores on thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness indicated a 79% to 95% chance of experiencing an elevated level of distress due to suicide ideation, desire for death, or desire for suicide.

Recommended clinical cutoff scores were provided. For example, thwarted belongingness cutoff score of 31 and perceived burdensomeness cutoff score of 22 maximized the sensitivity and specificity of the INQ to detect some level of desire for suicide.
Synergetic Effect of Chloride Doping and CH3NH3PbCl3 on CH3NH3PbI3−xClx Perovskite‐Based Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Feng , Zhang Taiyang , Li Ge , Zhao Yixin
Published: April 2017

The chloride‐doped CH3NH3PbI3−xClx perovskite has attracted great attention owing to clear performance enhancement by using a Cl additive and by the controversial arguments on Cl function and the mechanism behind it. Herein, a series of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx perovskites with various Cl content was prepared through a gas/solid reaction between CH3NH2 gas and HPbI3−xClx (x=0–1). The small amount of Cl doping in CH3NH3PbI3−xClx (x=0.05) could lead to band gap broadening and significantly increase the perovskite grain size, and the phase‐pure CH3NH3PbI2.95Cl0.05 perovskites exhibited up to 17.44 % efficiency. For Cl contents higher than 0.1 (x>0.1), CH3NH3PbCl3 formed and coexisted with CH3NH3PbI3−xClx, and CH3NH3PbCl3 could help to improve the thermal stability of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx. However, the excessive co‐existing wide‐band‐gap CH3NH3PbCl3 perovskites would inhibit the electron transfer and lead to a deterioration of photovoltaic performance.
Developing approaches for linear mixed modeling in landscape genetics through landscape‐directed dispersal simulations
Authors: Row Jeffrey R. , Knick Steven T. , Oyler‐McCance Sara J. , Lougheed Stephen C. , Fedy Bradley C.
Published: April 2017

Dispersal can impact population dynamics and geographic variation, and thus, genetic approaches that can establish which landscape factors influence population connectivity have ecological and evolutionary importance. Mixed models that account for the error structure of pairwise datasets are increasingly used to compare models relating genetic differentiation to pairwise measures of landscape resistance. A model selection framework based on information criteria metrics or explained variance may help disentangle the ecological and landscape factors influencing genetic structure, yet there are currently no consensus for the best protocols. Here, we develop landscape‐directed simulations and test a series of replicates that emulate independent empirical datasets of two species with different life history characteristics (greater sage‐grouse; eastern foxsnake). We determined that in our simulated scenarios, AIC and BIC were the best model selection indices and that marginal R2 values were biased toward more complex models. The model coefficients for landscape variables generally reflected the underlying dispersal model with confidence intervals that did not overlap with zero across the entire model set. When we controlled for geographic distance, variables not in the underlying dispersal models (i.e., nontrue) typically overlapped zero. Our study helps establish methods for using linear mixed models to identify the features underlying patterns of dispersal across a variety of landscapes.