bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a specific SCAR marker for the Ns genome of Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng
Authors: Wang Jing , Du Wanli , Wu Jun , Chen Xinhong , Liu Chanjuan , Zhao Jixin , Yang Qunhui , Li Fenghai
Published: July 2014

Wang, J., Du, W., Wu, J., Chen, X., Liu, C., Zhao, J., Yang, Q. and Li, F. 2014. Development of a specific SCAR marker for the Ns genome of Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1441–1447. Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng (2n=2x=14, NsNs) possesses many agronomically desirable traits that could be used in wheat improvement. We have previously produced a complete set of wheat–P. huashanica disomic addition lines (1Ns–7Ns, 2n=44=22 II). To track the addition of P. huashanica chromatin in wheat rapidly and effectively, a repetitive sequence of 1665 base pairs, designated pHs8, was isolated based on 21 different Triticeae species, including the parents’ common wheat cv. 7182 and P. huashanica, by RAPD analysis. The diagnostic fragments of the RAPD marker OPF151665 were cloned, sequenced, and converted into a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, known as RHS12. Southern hybridization using labeled pHs8 as probe showed intense hybridization signals on P. huashanica, but not on the other 20 species at all. RHS12 was validated using 21 different plant species and a complete set of wheat–P. huashanica disomic addition lines. Our results indicated that the SCAR marker targeted the Ns genome of P. huashanica and it was present in all seven P. huashanica chromosomes. The newly developed SCAR marker should help wheat breeders to screen for genotypes containing P. huashanica chromatin with low costs and high throughput.
Development of transgenic Brassica napus with an optimized cry1C* gene for resistance to diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella)
Authors: Wang Yaqin , Zhang Yan , Wang Fang , Liu Chao , Liu Kede
Published: July 2014

Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, F., Liu, C. and Liu, K. 2014. Development of transgenic Brassica napus with an optimized cry1C* gene for resistance to diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1501–1506. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cry1Ac gene has been transformed into rapeseed to control diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella), which is one of the major lepidopteran pests of rapeseed (Brassica napus). However, Cry1A-resistant DBM populations have already developed in the field. Cry1C* is a new synthetic Bt gene based on the original cry1Ca5 sequence through optimizing its codons as well as removing AT-rich sequences and inverted repeats. In our present study, the cry1C* gene was introduced into rapeseed via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and a total of 42 transgenic lines were recovered. The results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot both confirmed the expression of the cry1C* gene in the genomes of the transformants. We also assessed the expression of this foreign gene at the mRNA level in some selected transgenic lines by real-time reverse transcription (RT) PCR analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the Cry1C* expression at the protein level greatly varied among individual transgenic plants, and transgenic line 1C-8 had the highest protein level of 799.32 ng g−1. The transgenic rapeseed plants expressing cry1C* gene showed a high efficacy against DBM. Taken together, the cry1C*-transgenic rapeseed could be employed as a useful germplasm in pest management and in the broad bioinsecticidal spectrum to prevent and postpone the development of pest resistance.
Clinicopathologic features and prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer in patients 40 years of age and younger in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abulkhair Omalkhair , Moghraby Jeelan S. , Badri Motasim , Alkushi Abdulmohsen
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis and overall survival (OS) compared to other types of breast cancer tumors. However, there is to date no evidence that this is also the case in Saudi Arabia.

DESIGN AND SETTING:

Retrospective review of breast cancer patients who were treated from January 2001 to December 2008 (517 patients) at the King AbdulAziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Patients were selected as TNBC if all three markers of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and the human epidermal growth factor (HER2) tested by immunohistochemistry as negative. They were then age- and stage-matched, and compared with non-TNBC patients to examine differences, if any, in their clinicopathologic features, prognosis and OS.

RESULTS:

Twenty-six patients with a follow up time of at least three years were identified as TNBC. Thirty-three patients who were age- and stage-matched were selected as the non-TNBC controls. Clinicopathologic results illustrated significantly more grade 3 tumors (P=.02) and CK 5/6 expression (P<.001) in the TNBC group compared to the non-TNBC group. TNBC patients aged ≤40 years showed a significantly worse prognosis and OS compared to TNBC patients aged >40 years (P=.01), and when compared to the non-TNBC group (P=.04).

CONCLUSION:

The incidence of TNBC in our cohort is similar to what has been illustrated in previous studies in Western population. There was no significant difference in 3-year survival between TNBC and non-TNBC groups. However, the aggressiveness of this type of tumor and OS is significantly higher in younger patients aged ≤40 years, compared to those over 40 years of age.
Hip-Hop Hamlet: Hybrid Interpretive Discourse in a Suburban High School English Class
Authors: Anglin Joanna L. , Smagorinsky Peter
Published: July 2014

This study investigates the collaborative composing processes of a group of five high school seniors who constructed interpretations of each of the five acts of Shakespeare’s Hamlet through the medium of spoken word performances. The group composing processes were analyzed to identify how the students drew on conventions from the spoken word tradition to phrase and perform their interpretations. Findings indicate that across the five spoken word performances, the retelling of the Hamlet narrative involved a set of decisions that were both constrained and afforded by the rap medium. The students’ discussion of how to rewrite the story in the condensed poetic form of a rap required them to clarify events from Shakespeare’s version and both summarize them and interpret them both in their discussion and in their own text. Their interpretive work involved the incorporation of a variety of rap and other pop culture conventions such that their deliberation regarding word choice and accompanying performative elements necessitated careful consideration of the meaning that they found in Shakespeare’s version of the story, itself an adaptation from extant cultural narratives. The study concludes with a consideration of their spoken word interpretations as comprising a hybrid discourse that enabled exploratory interpretive talk that contributed to their understanding of the drama through the collaborative composition of their own representational text.
Ricœur’s Own Linguistic Turn
Authors: Pellauer David
Published: July 2014

AbstractI want to discuss why it makes sense to speak of a linguistic turn in the philosophy of Paul Ricœur. He early on had said that “the word is my kingdom and I am not ashamed of it” without, at that time, spelling out just what this claim meant as regards a broader philosophy of language. Nor would he have had any difficulty in admitting that his attitude toward language and questions about language changed over time.Keywords : Analytic Philosophy, Linguistic Turn. RésuméJe souhaite discuter pourquoi il y a un sens à parler de tournant linguistique dans la philosophie de Paul Ricœur. Il avait dit dès le début de son travail “la parole est mon royaume et je n'en ai point honte,” sans, à ce moment-là, spécifier ce que cette affirmation signifie au regard d'une philosophie du langage. Et il n'aurait pas eu de difficulté à admettre que son attitude envers le langage et les questions sur le langage a changé au fil du temps.Mots-clés: Philosophie analytique, Tournant linguistique.
D’une convergence remarquable entre phénoménologie et philosophie analytique: la lecture ricœurienne des thèses de Sartre et Ryle sur l’imagination
Authors: Amalric Jean-Luc
Published: July 2014

The aim of this article is to analyse the meaning and the implications of the comparative interpretation of Sartre’s and Ryle’s theses on imagination that Ricœur undertook in the still unpublished text of his Lectures on Imagination. These lectures were delivered at the University of Chicago in 1975. First, the article shows how Ricœur brings out a strong convergence, both in the method and in the presuppositions, of the Sartrean and Rylean conceptions of imagination : the choice of a descriptive method leads the two philosophers to a common critique of the mental image. Secondly, the article analyses the properly critical side of the Ricœurian interpretation by showing how it eventually brings to light the common theoretical limitation of Sartre’s and Ryle’s theses on imagination. According to Ricœur, those theses lead to a conception of image as picture and fail to consider the image as fiction, and so they remain locked in a theory of reproductive imagination and of the primacy of perception.RésuméCet article se propose d’analyser le sens et les enjeux de la lecture croisée des thèses de Sartre et Ryle sur l’imagination à laquelle se livre Ricœur dans le texte encore inédit des Lectures on imagination professées en 1975 à l’Université de Chicago. Dans un premier temps, il montre comment Ricœur met en relief une convergence forte, de méthode et de présupposés entre les conceptions sartrienne et rylienne de l’imagination : le choix d’une méthode  descriptive conduisant les deux philosophes à une commune critique de l’image mentale. Puis, dans un second temps, il analyse le versant proprement critique de la lecture ricœurienne en montrant comment elle en vient à dénoncer une commune limitation théorique des thèses de Sartre et Ryle sur l’imagination. Selon Ricœur, ces thèses débouchent sur une conception de l’image comme tableau qui échoue à penser l’image comme fiction et elles restent de ce fait enfermées dans une théorie de l’imagination reproductrice et du primat de la perception.
Langage, imagination, et référence. Ricœur lecteur de Wittgenstein et Goodman
Authors: Lelièvre Samuel
Published: July 2014

La lecture ricœurienne de la philosophie analytique sert un projet philosophique concentré sur l’approfondissement personnel d’un certain nombre de thématiques d’ordre théorique ou concernant l’histoire de la philosophie : sur le plan théorique, l’intérêt de Ricœur en direction de la tradition analytique s’ancre dans le problème de l’articulation entre le langage et le monde ; sur le plan d’un rapport à l’histoire de la philosophie, dans la question du passage d’une philosophie transcendantale à une philosophie contemporaine devant considérée de manière plus étroite le monde de l’expérience et des actions d’un homme faillible et capable. Dans cette perspective, une entrée possible dans une lecture ricœurienne de la philosophie analytique se joue à travers deux auteurs : Ludwig Wittgenstein et Nelson Goodman. Dans les deux cas, Ricœur confronte moins les approches et résultats d’une “philosophie analytique” à ceux d’une “philosophie continentale” qu’il ne cherche à renouveler sa réflexion sur le langage, l’imagination, et la référence. On pourra rendre compte de cette évolution à travers deux étapes : une première étape se concentrera sur la confrontation opérée par Ricœur entre la dernière philosophie de Husserl et la dernière philosophie de Wittgenstein ; lors d’une seconde étape, il s’agit de reconsidérer une lecture ricœurienne de la théorie générale de la référence de Goodman.
Recension Alberto Romele, L’expérience du verbum in corde, ou l’impuissance de l’herméneutique (Milan: Mimesis, 2013), 260 pp.
Authors: Furia Paolo
Published: July 2014

Bookreview of, Alberto Romele, L’expérience du verbum in corde, ou l’impuissance de l’herméneutique (Milan: Mimesis, 2013), 260 pp. Compte rendu de l'ouvrage d'Alberto Romele, , L’expérience du verbum in corde, ou l’impuissance de l’herméneutique (Milan: Mimesis, 2013), 260 pp.
Introduction
Authors: Michel Johann
Published: July 2014

présentation du numéro
Beyond just politics: A systematic literature review of online participation
Authors: Lutz Christoph , Hoffmann Christian Pieter , Meckel Miriam
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a systematic literature review of the current state–of–research on online participation. The review draws on four databases and is guided by the application of six topical search terms. The analysis strives to differentiate distinct forms of online participation and to identify salient discourses within each research field. We find that research on online participation is highly segregated into specific sub–discourses that reflect disciplinary boundaries. Research on online political participation and civic engagement is identified as the most prominent and extensive research field. Yet research on other forms of participation, such as cultural, business, education and health participation, provides distinct perspectives and valuable insights. We outline both field–specific and common findings and derive propositions for future research.
A LINGUAGEM DOS SITES DE RELACIONAMENTO: UMA PERSPECTIVA DISCURSIVA DOI: 10.5216/lep.v16i1.28500
Authors: MAZZOLA Renan Belmonte
Published: July 2014

Este artigo analisa a “linguagem” de três sites de relacionamento por meio da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, derivada dos trabalhos de Michel Pêcheux e Michel Foucault. Com vistas a compreender a linguagem de tais sites, nós procuramos descrever e interpretar os enunciados que os compõem, e o discurso produzido e reproduzido por eles.
TESTEMUNHOS DA EDUCAÇÃO NO INTERIOR DE SÃO PAULO NO SÉCULO XIX: RELATOS PROVENIENTES DO LABOR FILOLÓGICO DOI: 10.5216/lep.v16i2.28494
Authors: GARCIA Rosicleide Rodrigues , SILVA Andrezza Bezerra da
Published: July 2014

Tendo em vista que “a escolaridade tem se mostrado relevante no comportamento linguístico dos falantes” (BISOL; BRESCANCINI, 2002, p. 132), este artigo, por meio do labor filológico em documentos cartoriais do séc. XIX, toma o assunto “educação” como tema objetivando auxiliar a pesquisadores quanto à comprovação e/ou correção de afirmações feitas quanto à história pedagógica brasileira, e, consequentemente, ao ensino da língua portuguesa.
FILOLOGIA E LEXICOLOGIA: A EDIÇÃO E O ESTUDO DO VOCABULÁRIO DE AUTOS DE DEFLORAMENTO DOI: 10.5216/lep.v16i2.28501
Authors: QUEIROZ Rita de Cássia Ribeiro de
Published: July 2014

O estudo de documentos antigos representa a conservação da memória de um povo, pois através daqueles pode-se conhecer a história cultural, política, religiosa e ideológica de um determinado grupo social, sendo o léxico o repositório desse engendramento sócio-histórico, cultural e linguístico. Nesse sentido, editar semidiplomaticamente e analisar o vocabulário contido em autos de defloramento do início do século XX, documentos jurídicos que relatam histórias de jovens menores desvirginadas que denunciam seus agressores através da justiça, é enveredar pelas teias que ligam o léxico à cultura e às relações de poder que permeavam a sociedade brasileira dos primeiros anos da República. Este estudo está nos aportes da Filologia, no viés que trata da edição de textos; e na Lexicologia, a qual fornece os subsídios para que se possam fazer as devidas análises do vocabulário.
O MISTERIOSO FASCÍNIO DA DANÇA E DAS ÁGUAS DOI: 10.5216/lep.v17i1.30429
Authors: CARVALHO Elizabeth Cardoso
Published: July 2014

Nosso objetivo, neste trabalho, é fazer um estudo do espaço narrativo no conto “A casa ilhada”, que está no livro “A cidade ilhada”, de Milton Hatoum (2009). Esta abordagem está fundamentada na Topoanálise, terminologia criada por Gaston Bachelard (2000). Ampliando a proposta bachelardiana, também utilizaremos os pressupostos teóricos de Borges Filho (2007), que aprofundam o conceito de espacialidade, demonstrando a influência do espaço, cenário e ambiente nas ações dos personagens.
SÃO FRANCISCO PELO CAMINHO: ESPAÇO E FÉ EM “CÂNTICO DO IRMÃO SOL” DOI: 10.5216/lep.v17i1.30438
Authors: FERNANDES TORT Paulliny Michelly Gualberto
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo procura fazer uma análise espacial do poema “Cântico do Irmão Sol”, de São Francisco de Assis. Escrito no dialeto úmbrio, entre os anos de 1224 e 1226, este é considerado o primeiro poema em italiano e a obra-prima do santo. Para realizar nosso intento, recorremos à metodologia de Topoanálise proposta por Borges Filho (2007), fazendo algumas adequações para o texto poético.
O RIO E A FLUÊNCIA DA CONFLUÊNCIA: UMA LEITURA ESPACIAL DO ROMANCE “UM RIO CHAMADO TEMPO, UMA CASA CHAMADA TERRA”, DE MIA COUTO DOI: 10.5216/lep.v17i1.30440
Authors: DAVERNI Rodrigo Ferreira
Published: July 2014

Nas narrativas de Mia Couto, a categoria espacial assume funcionalidades dignas de apreço, ou seja, não apenas situa o enredo, mas estrutura uma das principais proposições literárias do autor, qual seja, a de promover a articulação entre tradição e modernidade. Logo, este artigo tem por finalidade analisar a representação do rio, na obra “Um rio chamado tempo, uma casa chamada terra”, no intuito de desvelar os valores guardados nessa espacialidade.
TEIXEIRA E SOUSA E O PRIMEIRO MALANDRO DO ROMANCE BRASILEIRO DOI: 10.5216/lep.v17i1.30443
Authors: CAMARGO Fábio Figueiredo
Published: July 2014

Neste artigo pretende-se demonstrar como o folhetim foi reconhecido no Brasil pela crítica de seu tempo e de outros tempos, além de analisar o romance “As tardes de um pintor” ou “As intrigas de um jesuíta”, de Teixeira e Sousa, publicado em 1847 no jornal “Arquivo romântico”, saído em três volumes. Também se fará uma revisão de “Dialética da malandragem”, de Antonio Candido, publicado em 1970. Nesse artigo o crítico paulista afirma ser o Leonardo, personagem de “Memórias de um sargento de milícias”, de Manuel Antônio de Almeida, o primeiro malandro da literatura brasileira. Este artigo se contrapõe a essa ideia, apresentando o caso de Ligeiro, o primeiro malandro do romance brasileiro.
RESGATANDO A MEMÓRIA E RESPEITANDO O DIREITO DE ESQUECER: A DOCE CONSTRUÇÃO IRÔNICA DE W. G. SEBALD DOI: 10.5216/lep.v17i1.30445
Authors: SANTANA Patricia Maria Dos Santos
Published: July 2014

W. G. Sebald sempre escreveu com comprometimento de ir contra o falseamento da história. Seus livros são denúncias que revelam um posicionamento a favor dos vencidos, seguindo os escritos de Walter Benjamin. Os livros “Os anéis de Saturno” e “Os Emigrantes” mostram como o autor aponta, em um paralelo consistente e híbrido entre fato e ficção, as questões relacionadas à memória ou ao direito de não querer tê-la em momentos onde a dor fala mais forte que qualquer correspondência com o passado.
MANOEL DE BARROS, ENTRE LIMITES E DESLIMITES: POESIA, RUPTURA E ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO DOI: 10.5216/lep.v17i2.30486
Authors: GOULART Clarice De Mattos
Published: July 2014

O trabalho busca analisar a um recorte da poesia de Manoel de Barros a partir do entendimento de que a obra poética opera uma distensão na linguagem, de dentro da própria língua. Considerando-se não que as palavras tenham um sentido fixo, mas usos dominantes na sociedade, explora-se, a partir da análise de versos do poeta mato-grossense, a ideia de que a poesia pode colocar em xeque esses sentidos dominantes das palavras, evidenciando seu caráter metafórico e parafrástico como constitutivo do discurso. Nesse contexto, as ideias propostas por Michel Pechêux são relevantes na medida em que expõem conceitos de formação discursiva, metáfora, memória e sistemas de regularização.
UMA ABORDAGEM DISCURSIVA SOBRE A QUESTÃO DO AUTOR DOI: 10.5216/lep.v17i2.30491
Authors: PROCÓPIO Mariana Ramalho
Published: July 2014

Este artigo propõe uma discussão sobre o conceito de autor, tendo como base, principalmente, as proposições teóricas de Dominique Maingueneau. A fim de demonstrar analiticamente a discussão proposta, realizamos uma breve análise da categoria autor, na narrativa biográfica “Carmem – uma biografia”, de Ruy Castro.
AMOR COM HUMOR: A RECRIAÇÃO DO EPITALÂMIO NA POESIA DE JOSÉ PAULO PAES DOI: 10.5216/lep.v17i2.30499
Authors: CORNETTE Renan Pires , YOKOZAWA Solange Fiuza Cardoso
Published: July 2014

Uma das características da poesia de José Paulo Paes é a recuperação, com deslocamento crítico, de formas da tradição clássica, ajustando modelos do passado à sua dicção pessoal. Isso ocorre com o epitalâmio, composição lírica que, originalmente praticada entre os gregos em honra aos nubentes, assumiu, entre os romanos, caráter pornográfico e consagrou-se, tradicionalmente, pela bajulação interesseira. Propõe-se, neste artigo, analisar os três epitalâmios escritos pelo poeta, procurando evidenciar as marcas da diferença inseridas por ele ao recriar essa forma lírica clássica.
O DISCURSO EROTICO-PORNOGRÁFICO EM “TANGO FANTASMA”, DE MÁRCIA DENSER DOI: 10.5216/lep.v17i2.30502
Authors: CAMPOS Valdisnei Martins de , BORGES Luciana
Published: July 2014

Pornografia e erotismo são dois diferentes modos de representação da sexualidade. No entanto, como são profundamente interligados, às vezes podem mesmo ser confundidos em sua compreensão.Tomando como corpus alguns contos do livro “Tango fantasma” (1977), de Márcia Denser, Os estudos objetivam a divulgação da obra dessa escritora contemporânea, haja vista a pequena quantidade de estudos que versam sobre a autora.
FILETES EDUCATIVOS DE UMA HISTÓRIA DE CRIANÇA
Authors: Filho Wolney Honório
Published: July 2014

Este texto analisa o filme “Kiriku e a Feiticeira”, de Michel Ocelot, tomando como recorte uma reflexão sobre o processo de pedagogização da infância na sociedade moderna.
Self and Style: Life as Literature Revisited
Authors: Janaway Christopher
Published: July 2014

This article reappraises some aspects of Alexander Nehamas's Nietzsche: Life as Literature. It recognizes as strengths of the book Nehamas's emphasis on Nietzsche's mode of writing and his idea that unified selfhood is an exceptional state that is achieved rather than given. However, it takes issue with the claim that Nietzsche holds a superessentialist view of the self. That view is not clearly supported by textual evidence, does not follow from Nietzsche's regarding the self as simply a sequence of experiences and actions, and is not required in order to explain the “all-or-nothing” requirement of the eternal recurrence. The article argues further that unified selfhood cannot be accounted for solely on the model of literary character, given what is now generally recognized as Nietzsche's naturalistic psychology of drives. However, the Nietzschean self need not be viewed as immutable and is amenable to the influence of culture and consciousness in ways that may encourage a positive account of becoming a unified self.
Self-Interpreting Selves: Comments on Alexander Nehamas's Nietzsche: Life as Literature
Authors: Pippin Robert
Published: July 2014

In this article, I discuss the legacy of Alexander Nehamas's 1985 book, Nietzsche: Life as Literature. I concentrate on his basic claim that “Nietzsche's model for the world, for objects, and for people turns out to be the literary text and its components; his model for our relation to the world turns out to be interpretation.” The criticisms of this notion that I raise have to do with whether this “model” accounts for the way Nietzsche understands self-knowledge and self-realization. I note as well the dangers of too aestheticized a view of Nietzsche's enterprise.
Williams and Nietzsche on the Significance of History for Moral Philosophy
Authors: Prescott-Couch Alexander
Published: July 2014

Many works describe themselves as “genealogies”, but it is far from clear that this term picks out a single kind of historical-philosophical project. This paper examines the role historical investigation plays in Bernard Williams's Truth and Truthfulness and contrasts it with the role of history in Nietzsche's genealogy. Williams himself saw the philosophical approach in Truth and Truthfulness as an appropriation of Nietzsche's historical method. However, the role of historical investigation in their respective works is in fact importantly different. Moreover, a key function of history in Nietzschean genealogy is to question assumptions that are required for history to play the role it does in Williams's project. Considering these differences can help us understand their respective projects as well as illustrate different ways historical investigation can be integrated into philosophical reflection.
The Conformation of Pentanoates in the Solid and in the Gas Phase
Authors: Merkens Carina , Stadtmüller Tom , Englert Ulli , Mouhib Halima , Stahl Wolfgang
Published: July 2014

Suitable derivatives of the four isomeric pentanoates have been structurally characterized in the solid and the gas phase. For the latter, the volatile ethyl esters of valeric, isovaleric, methylbutyric, and pivalic acid were investigated by a combination of molecular beam Fourier transform microwave (MB-FTMW) spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Crystalline salts rather than esters were formed by reaction between the carboxylic acids and trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. For both gaseous and crystalline methylbutyrates, an essentially perpendicular arrangement of carboxylate and methyl group was observed; earlier structure determinations documented in the data base agree with this result. Two competing conformers of favourable energy were relevant for the corresponding isovalerates: They were associated with torsion angles around 20° and 50° between the carboxylate and the alkyl chain. Good agreements in conformation have also been achieved for our experimentally observed unbranched valerate derivatives and fully branched pivalates in solid and gas phase. Despite the apparent simplicity of the pentanoates, the identification of their lowest energy conformers represents a challenge for different methods and levels of theory.
Bonding Situation in Dimeric Group 15 Complexes [(NHC)2(E2)] (E = N–Bi)
Authors: Holzmann Nicole , Frenking Gernot
Published: July 2014

Quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory at the BP86 level in conjunction with triple-zeta polarized basis sets have been carried out for the title compounds. The nature of the bonding between the diatomic fragment and the NHC ligands is investigated with an energy decomposition analysis. The chemical bonds in the [(NHCMe)2(E2)] complexes can be discussed in terms of donor-acceptor interactions which consist of two NHCMe→E2←NHCMe donor components and two weaker components of the NHCMe←E2→NHCMe π backdonation. The out-of-phase (+)=(-) contribution of the s donation is always stronger than the in-phase (+)=(+) contribution. The electronic reference state of N2 in the dinitrogen complex [(NHCMe)2(N2)] is the highly excited 11Γg state which explains the anti-periplanar arrangement of the ligands. The gauche arrangement of the ligands in the heavier homologues [(NHCMe)2(E2)] (E = P-Bi) may be discussed using either the excited 11Γg state or the X1Σg
+ ground state of E2 as reference states for the donor-acceptor bonds. The EDA-NOCV calculations suggest that the latter bonding model is better suited for the complexes where E = As-Bi while the phosphorus complex is a borderline case.
Parallel Microdevice for High Throughput Analysis of Levofloxacin Using tris (2,2′-Bipyridyl) Ruthenium (II) and Peroxydisulfate Chemiluminescence System
Authors: Al Lawati Haider A J , Gharibi Eiman Al , Al Kindy Salma M Z , Suliman Fakhr Eldin O , Al-Lawati Ali M
Published: July 2014

A parallel microdevice has been developed for high throughput analysis using microfluidics. The detection method is based on a chemiluminescence (CL) system based on the oxidation of tris (2,2′-bipyridyl) Ru(II) [Ru (bipy)32+] by peroxydisulfate. The device consists of a photoreactor chip and two detection chips. The sample throughput can reach up to 720 runs/h with the total reagent consumption of only 2.4 mL. The parallel microdevice was evaluated using levofloxacin (LEVO) in pharmaceutical preparations. The various factors that affect the CL signal were optimized, and the LOD was found to be 30 and 27 μg/L for the two detectors, respectively (S/N = 3), while RSD was 1.1% (n = 15) for 1.0 mg/L LEVO. Two tablet samples that contain LEVO as an active ingredient were successfully analyzed using the proposed parallel microdevice.
Identification of Indicator Components for the Discrimination of Cassia Plants in Health Teas and Development of Analytical Method for the Components
Authors: Takahashi Mitsuko , Sakurai Katsumi , Fujii Hisashi , Saito Koichi
Published: July 2014

Components that could be used as indicators for the discrimination of senna (Cassia angustifolia) from other cassia plants contained in health teas were identified, and an analytical method for the components was developed. Our results revealed two components in senna that were not found in other Cassia spp. widely used in health teas, such as C. alata, C. corymbosa, C. obtusifolia, and C. occidentalis. Structural elucidation of the two components showed that they were isorhamnetin-3-O-gentiobioside and tinnevellin glucoside. We analyzed commercial health teas using the HPLC method developed in this study. The two indicator components were detected at 366 nm using an RP C18 column and gradient elution with a mixture of water and acetonitrile (with formic acid), as the mobile phase. Our analytical method by HPLC enabled the differentiation of senna from other Cassia plants present in health teas in which sennosides A and B were detected. Moreover, this method allowed us to predict the parts of senna in health teas from the amounts of isorhamnetin-3-O-gentiobioside and tinnevellin glucoside contained in the teas.
Simultaneous Determination of 20 Phthalate Esters in Oil-free Food by UPLC/MS/MS
Authors: Fan Ji-Cai , Jin Quan , Zhang Lei , Huang Xi-Hui , Ren Ren , Yang Zhong-Qiao
Published: July 2014

A quantitative method was established for the determination of 20 phthalate esters (PAEs) in oil-free food by ultra-performance LC/MS/MS and was used to evaluate the PAEs of 111 oil-free samples from supermarkets in Hangzhou City. By quantification with the internal standard D4-bis(2-ethylexyl) phthalate, linearity ranges of the 20 PAEs were observed with correlation coefficients of 0.9990–0.9999. For liquid and solid sample, the spiking recoveries were 65.5–129.9% with RSD of 2.7–9.7% and 70.9–126.9% with RSD of 1.6–9.8% (n = 6), and the method LODs were 0.05–7.4 μg/L and 0.6–14.4 μg/kg, respectively. Most of the 111 oil-free samples had detectable PAEs; the detection rate was 23.0–42.0%, and the concentration of PAEs was in the range of 1.0–38 610.9 μg/kg. The detection rate in the drink packaged in a glass bottle was the highest, next was laver, and the detection rate in the drink packaged in a plastic bottle was the lowest.
Determination of Penicillin G in Milk Samples Using Its Effect on Cloud Point Extraction of Triiodide Ion
Authors: Pourreza Nahid , Fat'hi Mohammad Reza , Hatami Ali
Published: July 2014

A cloud point extraction (CPE) method for determination of trace amounts of penicillin G by spectrophotometry based on its effect on the triiodide ion (I3–) has been developed. Penicillin G is converted to the corresponding penicilloic acid by carrying out hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide solution, and treatment with acid yields D-penicillamine that is oxidized quantitatively by iodine to give rise to a disulfide. The I3– remaining in the solution is extracted into the surfactant Triton X-100, and the difference between absorbance of the working solution in the presence and absence of penicillin G is proportional to the amount of penicillin G. The effects of different variables, such as concentrations of sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, surfactant, and I3– and the temperature and incubation time on the CPE were studied. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 50–1250 μg/L, and the LOD was 38 μg/L (n = 10). The RSD for 10 replicate determinations of 1000 μg/L of penicillin G was 1.0%. The method was applied to the determination of penicillin G in milk samples.
Method Validation and Proficiency Testing for Determination of Total Arsenic in Apple Juice by Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chen Yang , Reddy Ravinder M , McLaughlin Michael A , Al-Taher Fadwa , Yettella Ramesh R , Uhlig Steffen , Bläul Christian
Published: July 2014

A proficiency test (PT) program for determination of total As in apple juice samples was conducted by the Food Emergency Response Network (FERN) laboratories. An analytical method using inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS was validated for this project. The LOD and LOQ were determined to be 0.315 and 2.32 ng/g, respectively. A total of eight apple juice samples were sent to 38 FERN laboratories, and results were statistically evaluated according to ISO 13528:2005. The total As concentrations in the PT samples reported by the participating laboratories were very close to those obtained in the homogeneity and stability tests. The reproducibility, repeatability, interlaboratory, and intralaboratory variability results led to 69% of participating laboratories being rated as satisfactory using the widely accepted |z| score ≤2 criterion. The percentage of laboratories with acceptable z scores (|z| scores ≤2) increased from 61 to 89% with the increase in As concentration in PT samples from 5.05 to 30.72 ng/g. This study demonstrated that the ICP/MS method was adequate for total As determination in fruit juice, and most of the participating laboratories were proficient in their analytical performance.
Development of a Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Method for Analysis of Ochratoxin A in Beer
Authors: Nguyen Kieu T N , Ryu Dojin
Published: July 2014

A new, simple, and sensitive method was developed for extraction of ochratoxin A (OTA) in beer combined with HPLC-fluorescence detector. Samples were extracted by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) followed by liquid desorption using commercially available Twister® EG-Silicone. The main parameters influencing SBSE, including phase ratio, extraction time, stirring speed, ionic strength, organic modifier, pH, temperature, desorption mode, desorption solvent, and desorption time were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, assay was performed on 4 mL of samples acidified at pH 1.5. The samples were extracted for 180 min at a stirring speed of 800 rpm followed by desorption of analyte using 1 mL methanol under sonication for 45 min. The extract was evaporated at 50°C under a gentle nitrogen stream, then redissolved in 200 μL of methanol–water (50 + 50, v/v). After each use, the stir bar was cleaned by sonication in methanol for 30 min three times. The method provided good linearity of the calibration curve with coefficients of determination greater than 0.999. Recoveries of OTA were greater than 83% with RSD lower than 10%, and LOD of OTA in beer was 0.64 ng/L. This method was applied to determine OTA in 19 beer samples. OTA was detected in 12 samples (63%) in the range of 0.01–0.27 ng/mL.
The Accuracy of Vitamin D Assays of Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Values: Influence of 25-Hydroxylated Ergocalciferol Concentration
Authors: Nguyen Van Thi Quynh , Li Xianjun , Castellanos Karla Josephine , Fantuzzi Giamila , Mazzone Theodore , Braunschweig Carol Arbron
Published: July 2014

Serum samples from 74 obese women were assayed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations using an automated immunoassay [Architect (Abbott)] and ELISA (Alpco Diagnostics), and results were compared with the LC/MS/MS reference method (Quest Diagnostics). The Architect values were significantly lower (mean difference: –13 nmol/L; 95% limits: –54; 28 nmol/L) and the ELISA values were significantly higher (mean difference: 24 nmol/L; 95% limits: –36; 84 nmol/L) than the LC/MS/MS values. The slope of the Passing-Bablok regression line relative to LC/MS/MS was 0.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41; 0.60] and 1.17 (95% CI: 0.87; 1.56) for Architect and ELISA, respectively, with an intercept of approximately 16 for both assays. Using 50 nmol/L as the cut-point for deficiency, Architect and ELISA misclassified 20 and 27% of the subjects, respectively. In subjects with low circulating 25-hydroxylated ergocalciferol [25(OH)D2] (<10 nmol/L), a Bland-Altman plot and Kappa statistics (Kappa = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.49–0.97) showed good agreement between Architect and LC/MS/MS. However, in subjects with high circulating 25(OH)D2 (≥10 nmol/L), Architect demonstrated poor agreement (Kappa = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.16–0.65). ELISA demonstrated a higher degree of overestimation in women with minimal 25(OH)D2 than those with high 25(OH)D2, suggesting that ELISA overestimates 25-hydroxylated cholecalciferol [25(OH)D3] but underestimates 25(OH)D2.
Determination of Plant Stanols and Plant Sterols in Phytosterol Enriched Foods with a Gas Chromatographic-Flame Ionization Detection Method: NMKL Collaborative Study
Authors: Laakso Päivi H ,   Collaborators:, Sheridan A , Lampi A M , Lacoste F , Janssen H G , Idar Hilde J , van Beek P , Wretling S , Kuechler T
Published: July 2014

This collaborative study with nine participating laboratories was conducted to determine the total plant sterol and/or plant stanol contents in phytosterol fortified foods with a gas chromatographic method. Four practice and 12 test samples representing mainly commercially available foodstuffs were analyzed as known replicates. Twelve samples were enriched with phytosterols, whereas four samples contained only natural contents of phytosterols. The analytical procedure consisted of two alternative approaches: hot saponification method, and acid hydrolysis treatment prior to hot saponification. As a result, sterol/stanol compositions and contents in the samples were measured. The amounts of total plant sterols and total plant stanols varying from 0.005 to 8.04 g/100 g product were statistically evaluated after outliers were eliminated. The repeatability RSD (RSDr) varied from 1.34 to 17.13%. The reproducibility RSD (RSDR) ranged from 3.03 to 17.70%, with HorRat values ranging from 0.8 to 2.1. When only phytosterol enriched food test samples are considered, the RSDr ranged from 1.48 to 6.13%, the RSDR ranged from 3.03 to 7.74%, and HorRat values ranged from 0.8 to 2.1. Based on the results of this collaborative study, the study coordinator concludes the method is fit for its purpose.
Determination of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Oranges and Cucumbers Using QuEChERS Extraction and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Arrebola-Liébanas Francisco Javier , Abdo María Angeles Herrera , Moreno José Luis Fernandez , Martínez-Vidal José L , Frenich Antonia Garrido
Published: July 2014

A simple and fast method has been developed for determining relevant quaternary ammonium compounds in cucumber and orange samples. The target compounds were benzoalkonium chloride (BAC-10, BAC-12, BAC-14, and BAC-16), didecyldimethylammonium chloride, and benzethonium chloride, all frequently used biocides in the agrifood industry. An extraction based on the buffered Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method and determination by ultra-performance LC/MS/MS that eluted the biocides in less than 5 min were used. The method was fully validated and implemented in a UNE-EN-ISO/IEC 17025 accredited laboratory for its application to the analysis of real samples. Performance characteristics of the method are reported, including an estimation of measurement uncertainty. Calibration curves were set between 0.01 and 0.150 mg/kg, LOD values were always between 0.4 and 1.0 μg/kg, LOQ values were in the range 1–4 μg/kg, recovery was between 81 and 115%, intraday and interday precision were always lower than 17% (expressed as RSD), and expanded uncertainty was always lower than 40%. The validation was accomplished for the two studied matrixes at spiking concentrations of 0.011 and 0.050 mg/kg. The method has been applied to the analysis of 30 cucumber and orange samples that were found to contain concentrations of BAC-12 that ranged between 0.015 and 0.210 mg/kg and of BAC-14 between 0.018 and 0.081 mg/kg.
Selection Based on FOXA2 Expression Is Not Sufficient to Enrich for Dopamine Neurons From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Aguila Julio Cesar , Blak Alexandra , van Arensbergen Joris , Sousa Amaia , Vázquez Nerea , Aduriz Ariane , Gayosso Mayela , Lopez Mato Maria Paz , Lopez de Maturana Rakel , Hedlund Eva , Sonntag Kai-Christian , Sanchez-Pernaute Rosario
Published: July 2014

Human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are potential cell sources for regenerative approaches in Parkinson disease. Inductive differentiation protocols can generate midbrain dopamine neurons but result in heterogeneous cell mixtures. Therefore, selection strategies are necessary to obtain uniform dopamine cell populations. Here, we developed a selection approach using lentivirus vectors to express green fluorescent protein under the promoter region of FOXA2, a transcription factor that is expressed in the floor plate domain that gives rise to dopamine neurons during embryogenesis. We first validated the specificity of the vectors in human cell lines against a promoterless construct. We then selected FOXA2-positive neural progenitors from several human pluripotent stem cell lines, which demonstrated a gene expression profile typical for the ventral domain of the midbrain and floor plate, but failed to enrich for dopamine neurons. To investigate whether this was due to the selection approach, we overexpressed FOXA2 in neural progenitors derived from human pluripotent stem cell lines. FOXA2 forced expression resulted in an increased expression of floor plate but not mature neuronal markers. Furthermore, selection of the FOXA2 overexpressing fraction also failed to enrich for dopamine neurons. Collectively, our results suggest that FOXA2 is not sufficient to induce a dopaminergic fate in this system. On the other hand, our study demonstrates that a combined approach of promoter activation and lentivirus vector technology can be used as a versatile tool for the selection of a defined cell population from a variety of human pluripotent stem cell lines.
The Hippo effector Yorkie activates transcription by interacting with a histone methyltransferase complex through Ncoa6
Authors: Qing Yun , Yin Feng , Wang Wei , Zheng Yonggang , Guo Pengfei , Schozer Frederick , Deng Hua , Pan Duojia
Published: July 2014

The Hippo signaling pathway regulates tissue growth in Drosophila through the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie (Yki). How Yki activates target gene transcription is poorly understood. Here, we identify Nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (Ncoa6), a subunit of the Trithorax-related (Trr) histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complex, as a Yki-binding protein. Like Yki, Ncoa6 and Trr are functionally required for Hippo-mediated growth control and target gene expression. Strikingly, artificial tethering of Ncoa6 to Sd is sufficient to promote tissue growth and Yki target expression even in the absence of Yki, underscoring the importance of Yki-mediated recruitment of Ncoa6 in transcriptional activation. Consistent with the established role for the Trr complex in histone methylation, we show that Yki, Ncoa6, and Trr are required for normal H3K4 methylation at Hippo target genes. These findings shed light on Yki-mediated transcriptional regulation and uncover a potential link between chromatin modification and tissue growth.
Seasonal and interannual changes of the Kuroshio intrusion onto the East China Sea Shelf
Authors: Wu Chau‐Ron , Hsin Yi‐Chia , Chiang Tzu‐Ling , Lin Yong‐Fu , Tsui I‐Fong
Published: July 2014

An advanced artificial neural network classification algorithm is applied to 20 years of multisatellite geostrophic velocity data to study the Kuroshio intrusion onto the southern shelf of the East China Sea. The results suggest that the on‐shelf intrusion may occur year round, but winter intrusion events are more frequent than summer events. Both stronger intrusion (which is closely correlated to surface heat flux gradient) and weaker intrusion (which is correlated to wind forcing) occur during wintertime, but the former dominates in late winter while the latter prevails in early winter. There is a significant year‐to‐year variation of the winter on‐shelf intrusion. Although on‐shelf intrusion is the major characteristic of the region during wintertime, seldom intrusion events have been identified in the winters of 1997–1998 and 2002–2003. Two conditions are responsible for the cause of the nonintrusion events. During the two nonintrusion winters, the upstream Kuroshio transport anomaly is insignificant (the Kuroshio is not weakened) and no significant winter cooling off northeast Taiwan. Thus, the Kuroshio tends to flow along the shelf break following the 200 m isobath and on‐shelf intrusion ceases. Those two nonintrusion events take place during the winters when both the Niño 3.4 index and the PDO index are large and positive.
McSween Receives 2013 Whipple Award: Citation
Authors: McKinnon William B.
Published: July 2014

The Whipple Award is the highest honor given by the AGU Planetary Sciences section and is named for Fred Whipple, a famed space scientist most noted for his work on comets. This year, we have selected Harry “Hap” McSween Jr., Chancellor's Professor and distinguished professor of science at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, as the 2013 Whipple Award winner.
McSween Receives 2013 Whipple Award: Response
Authors: McSween Harry Y.
Published: July 2014

Not so long ago, our forebears in planetary science—people like Fred Whipple—could truthfully have stated, “Half of what we have been taught is wrong. Unfortunately, we don't know which half.” That does not apply to us anymore, but it remains true that in studying the planets, we must use every scrap of available information, weaving disparate data sets into a tapestry that reveals how these bodies formed and evolved.
What causes random earthquakes within a hydrothermal vent?
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: July 2014

The Trans‐Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) is the largest deep sea hydrothermal vent field found anywhere on the planet. Located on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, a seafloor spreading center where new oceanic crust is being created, the TAG field consists of one active high‐temperature mound, one low‐temperature mound, and seven inactive mounds.
Atmospheric ducts can transport sound in two directions
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: July 2014

When conditions are right, temperature gradients and fast jets of wind can help to establish atmospheric ducts—pathways in the atmosphere that promote the propagation of low‐frequency acoustic waves (infrasound)—across long distances. Atmospheric ducts are part of the basis behind over‐the‐horizon radar, the source of some particularly clear mirages, and a channel through which sounds can travel relatively unperturbed across vast distances.