bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Openness to Experience, Fluid Intelligence and Secondary Psychopathology
Authors: Boustani Lynn , Furnham Adrian , Grover Simmy
Published: May 2023

The present study tests the idea that individuals high on both trait Openness-to-Experience and fluid intelligence can suffer from an overactive mental state that depletes cognitive capability and leads to restless and impulsive behavior. In all, 118 participants (58 females, 59 males) were tested using the multidimensional assessment of fluid intelligence (GIA), an Open-to-Experience trait measure (HEXACO), and Levenson's secondary psychopathy questionnaire. Although analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses revealed no interaction between Openness and fluid intelligence, an examination of the lower-order items of Openness and GIA revealed significant interactions in the female sample, particularly with esthetic appreciation. The results also suggest Openness as a unique predictor of secondary psychopathy, however the same does not hold true for fluid intelligence. The findings are discussed in relation to personnel selection procedures. Key considerations for attention capacity and activation theory are proposed. Sample size limitations are acknowledged.
Occupational therapy students’ perception on mental health recovery: A descriptive qualitative exploration
Authors: Kuek Jonathan Han Loong , Tan Bhing Leet , Tan Cynthia Jia Ning , Boh Charlyn , Koh Ghee Kian , Owyong Jenna Qing Yun , Goh Yong Shian
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

In occupational therapy, emphasis is placed on the complex interplay between the client, the occupation and the environment, providing an opportunity for its practitioners to adopt recovery-oriented outcomes in interventions for people with mental health conditions. In this study, we seek to understand occupational therapy undergraduates’ perceptions of recovery for people with mental health conditions.

Method:

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted at a university in Singapore, which provides a pre-registration occupational therapy programme. Seventeen undergraduates were recruited (year 1, n = 5; year 2, n = 7 and year 3, n = 5). A semi-structured interview guide was used during the interview. Data collection took place from June to August 2022.

Results:

Using thematic analysis, two macro themes were discerned: the understanding of mental health conditions and the meanings of recovery. Sub-themes were created under each grouping to describe the data.

Conclusions:

This study explored the perceptions of mental health recovery among occupational therapy undergraduates. Occupational therapy students appeared to be well-aligned with personal and functional recovery perspectives when providing support for people with mental health conditions. However, there seems to be a need to emphasise the more nuanced aspects of delivering care within the culturally diverse setting of Singapore.
Adolescent Gender Differences in Tic- and Non-Tic-Related Impairments in Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Larsh Travis R. , Wu Steve W. , Huddleston David A. , White Sean , Lipps Tara D. , Gilbert Donald L.
Published: May 2023

We aimed to compare tic- and non-tic-related impairment experienced by adolescent girls and boys (ages 13 through 17) with Tourette syndrome and associations with age. We extracted from the electronic health record child and parental responses to the mini-Child Tourette Syndrome Impairment Scale (mini-CTIM) and other questionnaire data reflective of tic- and non-tic-related impairment of adolescents with Tourette syndrome presenting to our clinic over a 12-month period. We identified a total of 132 (49 female, 83 male) unique adolescent encounters. Mini-CTIM scores did not differ significantly between genders. Tic- and non-tic-related impairment were lower in older boys, but not older girls. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms correlated with parent-reported non-tic-related impairment experienced by adolescent girls but not boys. During adolescence, tic- and non-tic-related impairments may be less likely to improve with age in girls. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this finding.
“Secret Services Are Meant To Serve”: State Violence in the Autobiographic Memory of Secret Police Officers in Communist Poland
Authors: Osęka Piotr
Published: May 2023

The secret police, along with the political apparatus of a ruling party or administration, created the backbone of communist regimes and constituted the main tool of State violence. The state of the art within studies on the Polish security apparatus—albeit extremely rich—is entirely focused on archival documents. What is missing from the research on the secret police in Poland is an oral history approach. This article is a pioneer attempt at revealing the operative methods of the Służba Bezpieczeństwa (SB) through interviews with former officers. It aims at reconstructing the mechanism that led the officers to victimize dissidents and how they created moral justifications for their deeds. Asking about their career track, successes and failures, relationships with other officers, private life, and details of daily duty, I tried to glean what made the interviewees become perpetrators.
Underestimated Ally: Ukraine during the Polish–Soviet War of 1920 in Polish Underground Publications (1976–1989)
Authors: Borymskyi Vitalii
Published: May 2023

This article examines Polish underground publications (samizdat) interpreting Ukraine’s role in the Polish–Soviet war of 1920. The research analyzes a large number of underground journals, newspapers, and books. It shows the relationship between the political thought of Polish émigrés and the opposition within the Polish People’s Republic. The article argues that the Polish oppositionists considered rethinking the history of relations with Poland’s eastern neighbors an essential precondition for gaining its sovereignty. They regarded the Polish–Soviet war of 1920 as one of the most critical episodes in Polish–Ukrainian–Russian relations in recent history. A common feature of most opposition publications on the Polish–Soviet war was emphasizing the joint struggle of Ukrainians and Poles against the Bolsheviks. The authors often emphasized the combat value of Ukrainian units and stressed that Poland did not correctly appreciate their contribution to the common struggle. They also believe that the conditions of Polish aid were too painful for Ukraine. The defeat of the project for an independent Ukraine laid the foundations for the Soviet attack on Poland in 1939. The main conclusion from this historical episode, for most Polish oppositionists, was that supporting Ukraine’s independence was of strategic interest for Poland. In turn, Poland must abandon competition with Russia for Ukraine as a sphere of influence in the future. Only equal relations with its eastern neighbors will give Poland lasting security.
Mobility and Choices in Urban Housing
Authors: Abhijat Amrit , Pathak Anukriti
Published: May 2023

The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Urban (PMAY-U) emerged as a bold programme initiative catering to the diverse housing demand of an aspirational urban population of the country. This article analyses the choices beneficiaries made on the types of houses and how they shaped the design and evolution of the PMAY-U, Housing for All Mission. It builds on the narrative that cities in India have both static and kinetic traits. The static trait accrues from the physical infrastructure, whereas the kinetic is a manifestation of the growing socio-economic aspirations of the people, creating spaces for demand-driven housing policies. It then explains the design and implementation of the policy: PMAY-U. The article subsequently takes up the role of the government and the role of stakeholders in the housing development narrative. It presents spatial evidence as to how PMAY-U is giving rise to new urban geographies which are driven by the need and demand of the beneficiaries.
Advancing (Neuro)Entrepreneurship Cognition Research Through Resting-State fMRI: A Methodological Brief
Authors: Ooms Frédéric , Annen Jitka , Panda Rajanikant , Meunier Paul , Tshibanda Luaba , Laureys Steven , Pollack Jeffrey M. , Surlemont Bernard
Published: May 2023

Despite many calls, functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies are relatively rare in the domain of entrepreneurship research. This methodological brief presents the brain-imaging method of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and illustrates its application in neuroentrepreneurship for the first time. In contrast to the traditional task-based fMRI approach, rs-fMRI observes the brain in the absence of cognitive tasks or presentation of stimuli, which offers benefits for improving our understanding of the entrepreneurial mind. Here, we describe the method and provide methodological motivations for performing brain resting-state functional neuroimaging studies on entrepreneurs. In addition, we illustrate the use of seed-based correlation analysis, one of the most common analytical approaches for analyzing rs-fMRI data. In this illustration, we show that habitual entrepreneurs have increased functional connectivity between the insula (a region associated with cognitive flexibility) and the anterior prefrontal cortex (a key region for explorative choice) as compared to managers. This increased connectivity could help promote flexible behavior. Thus in brief, we provide an exemplar of a novel way to expand our understanding of the brain in the domain of entrepreneurship. We discuss possible directions for future research and challenges to be addressed to facilitate the inclusion of re-fMRI studies into neuroentrepreneurship.
The Implementation and Evaluation of a Stock Epinephrine for Schools Program in Maricopa County, Arizona
Authors: Broas Erin , Lowe Ashley A. , Ivich Kimberly , Garcia Melissa , Ward Jackie , Hollister James , Gerald Lynn B.
Published: May 2023

The increasing rate of food allergies in children, combined with the role of food as an integral part of the school day has led to the emergence of anaphylaxis as a daily threat to students, regardless of prior allergy diagnosis. Stock epinephrine—non-patient specific epinephrine auto-injectors that may be used during emergencies—is a means for schools to prepare for anaphylactic events and protect children with allergies. The Maricopa County Department of Public Health initiated the School Surveillance and Medication Program (SSMP), a data capture program, to facilitate the process of stocking epinephrine in schools. Spearheaded by the implementation efforts of the Kyah Rayne Foundation, program enrollment increased 146% between the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 school years. The increased proportion of schools enrolled in the SSMP and the number of school personnel trained to administer epinephrine demonstrates the feasibility of school-centered stock epinephrine programs and validates strategies for increasing program uptake.
Severe hepatotoxicity during treatment with capmatinib
Authors: Valencia Soto Carmen María , Martínez Callejo Virginia , García-Avello Fernández-Cueto Adela , Villacañas Palomares María Victoria , Barbadillo Villanueva Sara , Ochagavía Sufrategui María , López-Brea Piqueras Marta Francisca , Valero Domínguez Marta
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Capmatinib is a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) inhibitor authorized for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with MET exon 14 skipping mutation treatment in adult patients.

Case report

We report a case of an elderly female with a diagnosis of metastatic NSCLC with MET exon 14 skipping mutation who developed a severe hepatotoxicity after 7 weeks under treatment with capmatinib.

Management & Outcome

Capmatinib was immediately discontinued. Hepatotoxicity is included as “warning and precautions” in the product information sheet. The patient was admitted with severe acute hepatitis, secondary hypocoagulability and acute deterioration of renal function. She experienced a rapid worsening with a fatal outcome three days after admission. The causal relationship between capmatinib and the appearance of hepatotoxicity was determined as probable according to Naranjo's modified Karch and Lasagna's imputability algorithm.

Discussion

The recognition and diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) are often difficult and delayed. Molecularly targeted agents require careful assessment of liver function both prior to and during therapy. Capmatinib hepatotoxicity is an infrequent but severe adverse drug reaction (ADR). Prescribing information includes recommendations about liver function monitoring. The main approachment for DILI is the removal of the causative agent. Detection and communication of ADRs to the Pharmacovigilance Systems have special relevance for novel drugs, with little data in real life setting.
A prospective observational multicentric clinical trial to evaluate microscopic examination of acid-fast bacilli in sputum by artificial intelligence-based microscopy system
Authors: Gupta Prashant , Khare Vineeta , Srivastava Anand , Agarwal Jyotsna , Mittal Vineeta , Sonkar Vijay , Saxena Shelly , Agarwal Ankit , Jain Amita
Published: May 2023

Microscopy-based tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis i.e., Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stained smear screening still remains the primary diagnostic method in resource poor and high TB burden countries, however itrequires considerable experience and is bound to human errors. In remote areas, wherever expert microscopist is not available, timely diagnosis at initial level is not possible. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based microscopy may be a solution to this problem. A prospective observational multi-centric clinical trial to evaluate microscopic examination of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in sputum by the AI based system was done in three hospitals in Northern India. Sputum samples from 400 clinically suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were collected from three centres. Ziehl-Neelsen staining of smears was done. All the smears were observed by 3 microscopist and the AI based microscopy system. AI based microscopy was found to have a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of 89.25%, 92.15%, 75.45%, 96.94%, 91.53% respectively. AI based sputum microscopy has an acceptable degree of accuracy, PPV, NPV, specificity and sensitivity and thus may be used as a screening tool for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Basal evaluation and rates of progression based on visual fields in six different glaucoma types of a large population
Authors: García Caride Sara , Sáenz-francés San Baldomero Federico , Morales Fernández Laura , Perucho González Lucia , García Feijoo Julián , Martínez de la Casa José María
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study is to analyze the distribution of visual field (VF) mean defect (MD) in six subgroups of glaucoma patients at baseline and follow-up.

Methods

We assessed glaucoma patients treated in a Spanish tertiary care setting with a follow-up of at least 10 months. We have included 1036 visual fields and the following glaucoma subtypes: open-Angle Glaucoma (OAG); Angle-Closure Glaucoma (ACG); Congenital Glaucoma (CG); Ocular hypertension (OHT); Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma (PSXG); Pigmentary Glaucoma (PG). We have calculated the baseline MD and the progression MD. We have stratified the MD progression in slow (MD rate > −0.5 dB/year); moderate (MD rate between −0.5 and −1 dB/year) fast (MD rate between −1 and −2 dB/year) and catastrophic (<−2 dB/year) progression and their glaucoma subtype.

Results

The glaucoma types with the worse baseline MD were CG and PG. We found significant differences after comparing the baseline MD of CG and OAG, ACG, OHT and between PG and OHT. Concerning the MD progression rate: OAG 73.54% showed slow MD progression rate; 9.85% fast; 7.3% moderate and 9.3% catastrophic. ACG 82.22% slow; 8.89% moderate; 2.22% fast and 6.67% catastrophic. CG 68.83% slow; 9.09% fast; 7.79% moderate and 14.29% catastrophic. OHT 88.6% slow; 6.14% moderate; 4.39% fast and 0.88% catastrophic. PSXG 63.24% slow, 13.24% moderate; 8.8% fast and 14.7% catastrophic. PG 89.29% slow; 3.57% moderate and 7.1% fast.

Conclusions

The CG requires special attention because of its aggressive presentation and progression.
Track vibration sequence anomaly detection algorithm based on LSTM
Authors: Jie Liu , Fang Liu , Weiping Xie , Xiaoxiong Ju
Published: May 2023

Subway structure monitoring obtains structure monitoring data in real time, and the obtained subway track vibration sequence exhibits obvious time series characteristics. Therefore, the difficulties of abnormal detection of subway track vibration sequence include not only the general scarcity and diversity of data, but also the large amount of sample data. In this paper, an anomaly detection method based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) was applied to detect anomalous subway track vibration sequences. Firstly, subway track vibration signals were preprocessed. An approach to extract subway track vibration sequences was proposed. According to this method, whether the collected data constituted running data was determined via the mean square error, and track vibration sequences were then extracted from the original data according to an adaptive threshold value to obtain subway track vibration samples. Afterwards, Savitzky-Golay filtering was performed to smooth the obtained subway track vibration sequences, and then the wavelet transform was applied to denoise the signal. Second, an anomaly detection algorithm based on the LSTM was employed to detect subway track vibration sequences. Finally, compared to other algorithms, the LSTM algorithm performed better in anomaly detection on the subway track vibration dataset with a small anomaly proportion than did the other three methods. However, in the case of a large proportion of anomalies in the signal, the detection effect of the proposed algorithm was close to BPNN and superior to the LOF and OCSVM. The results indicated that the LSTM-based sequence anomaly detection algorithm attained a satisfactory detection effect for subway track vibration sequences. The anomaly detection algorithm can be applied to subway structure monitoring systems, which can monitor subway track vibration signals in real time and determine whether these signals are anomalous to ensure the safe operation of subway structures.
Morality in social media: A scoping review
Authors: Neumann Dominik , Rhodes Nancy
Published: May 2023

Social media platforms have been adopted rapidly into our current culture and affect nearly all areas of our everyday lives. Their prevalence has raised questions about the influence of new communication technologies on moral reasoning, judgments, and behaviors. The present scoping review identified 80 articles providing an overview of scholarly work conducted on morality in social media. Screening for research that explicitly addressed moral questions, the authors found that research in this area tends to be atheoretical, US-based, quantitative, cross-sectional survey research in business, psychology, and communication journals. Findings suggested a need for increased theoretical contributions. The authors identified new developments in research analysis, including text scraping and machine coding, which may contribute to theory development. In addition, diversity across disciplines allows for a broad picture in this research domain, but more interdisciplinarity might be needed to foster creative approaches to this study area.
Infrastructures by the users for users: Motivations, constraints, and consequences of user-driven infrastructuring of mobile phones
Authors: Berker Thomas
Published: May 2023

Users adapt infrastructures materially to fit their needs, they engage in maintenance and repair, and they learn about the inner workings of infrastructures. Different degrees of user engagement with infrastructures are empirically analysed using the case of user-developed alternative mobile operating systems. Some observations of user agency made already in early studies of the appropriation of media and technology were found to be still relevant: moral considerations motivate users to engage in infrastructuring and users actively negotiate their infrastructural attachments. But ‘acting on’ infrastructures is also different from ‘acting on’ devices: the users’ experiments with infrastructures require redundancy and they are inherently collective. Moreover, certain designs of infrastructures can enable and demand user-driven infrastructures, while others block it.
Isotropic auxetic structure with fixed Poisson's ratio for piezo-resistive strain sensor to detect human body motion
Authors: Taherkhani Bahman , Rahmani Sahar , Atalay Ozgur
Published: May 2023

Auxetic materials have different types whose mechanical behaviors are different from each other, and these differences affect their sensitivity. However, in the piezo-resistive strain sensor field, less attention has been paid to this variety of structures. In this article, the isotropic auxetic structure with three axes of symmetry was used to construct the isotropic linear piezo-resistive strain sensor. Structures that have only three or six symmetry axes have isotropic mechanical behavior, and structures with many symmetry axes other than these two cases are not isotropic. Also, to obtain a sensor with a linear sensing performance, the Poisson's ratio of the sensor must be constant during the strain. Most of the structures presented in the previous works have a variable Poisson's ratio along the strain. When the Poisson’s ratio of the structure is constant during the strain, it causes the sensing elements to have the same increased space to separate from each other during the strain, and as a result, the sensor will have a linear performance. A computer numerical control device was utilized to manufacture the sensor mold. Silicon RTV2 as a substrate material, and graphite powder as a sensing element were mixed to provide the sensor constitutive material, and molded into the manufactured die. To evaluate the response of the sensor in different directions, the sensitivity tests were performed in the directions of 0°, 60°, and 120°, which are compatible with each other, and also the suggested sensor has linear sensitivity during the strain.
Production of gasoline octane booster aromatics benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene from multiphase catalytic pyrolysis of mixed waste expanded polystyrene and high density polyethylene
Authors: Verma Anjali , Pramanik Hiralal
Published: May 2023

The main objective of this study is to enhance the valuable octane booster aromatics benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene (BTE) and reduction of styrene in the fuel oil obtained from the pyrolysis of equally mixed waste expanded polystyrene (WEPS) and waste high density polyethylene (WHDPE). This research article, demonstrated the pyrolysis of equally mixed (50 wt.%:50 wt.%) waste expanded polystyrene (WEPS) and waste high-density polyethylene (WHDPE) followed by in situ-hydrogenation and aromatization in a small laboratory scale reactor for the production of value added commodity and gasoline octane boosters mainly benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene (BTE). Three reactor arrangements i.e., liquid phase/L-type, vapour phase/V-type, and multiphase/M-type were used for conducting the catalytic pyrolysis of feedstock using ZSM-5, ammonium powder as a catalyst. The maximum liquid yield of 87.41 wt.% was obtained for thermal pyrolysis at a temperature of 650°C and at a heating rate of 15°C/min. Whereas, the maximum liquid yield of 82.65 wt.% was obtained for liquid phase/L-type catalytic pyrolysis at a temperature of 600°C, and at a heating rate of 15°C/min. On the other side, vapour phase/V-type and multiphase/M-type catalytic pyrolysis produced a maximum liquid yield of 78.62 wt.% and 74.07 wt.%, respectively at a reaction temperature of 550°C and at the same heating rate. The pyrolysis oil obtained from thermal pyrolysis contained lowest BTE content of 10.43 wt.% and highest styrene content of 66.25 wt.%. Whereas, the highest BTE content of 30.16 wt.% and lowest styrene content of 53.32 wt.% was found in pyrolysis oil obtained from multiphase/M-type catalytic pyrolysis. The quantitative measurement of BTE and styrene content in the pyrolysis oil was made by the gas chromatography (GC) in a flame ionization detector (FID) mode.
Cannabidiol for musculoskeletal regenerative medicine
Authors: Marques Azzini Gabriel Ohana , Marques Azzini Vitor Ohana , Santos Gabriel Silva , Visoni Silvia , Fusco Maria Alice , Beker Natascha Szumsztajn , Mahmood Ansar , Bizinotto Lana João Vitor , Jeyaraman Madhan , Nallakumarasamy Arulkumar , Jeyaraman Naveen , da Fonseca Lucas Furtado , Luz Arab Miguel Gustavo , Vicente Rodrigo , Rajendran Ramya Lakshmi , Gangadaran Prakash , Ahn Byeong-Cheol , Duarte Lana José Fabio Santos
Published: May 2023

Chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is one of the most prevalent causes, which lead patients to a physician’s office. The most common disorders affecting MSK structures are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, back pain, and myofascial pain syndrome, which are all responsible for major pain and physical disability. Although there are many known management strategies currently in practice, phytotherapeutic compounds have recently begun to rise in the medical community, especially cannabidiol (CBD). This natural, non-intoxicating molecule derived from the cannabis plant has shown interesting results in many preclinical studies and some clinical settings. CBD plays vital roles in human health that go well beyond the classic immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive properties. Recent studies demonstrated that CBD also improves cell proliferation and migration, especially in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The foremost objective of this review article is to discuss the therapeutic potential of CBD in the context of MSK regenerative medicine. Numerous studies listed in the literature indicate that CBD possesses a significant capacity to modulate mammalian tissue to attenuate and reverse the notorious hallmarks of chronic musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The most of the research included in this review report common findings like immunomodulation and stimulation of cell activity associated with tissue regeneration, especially in human MSCs. CBD is considered safe and well tolerated as no serious adverse effects were reported. CBD promotes many positive effects which can manage detrimental alterations brought on by chronic MSDs. Since the application of CBD for MSK health is still undergoing expansion, additional randomized clinical trials are warranted to further clarify its efficacy and to understand its cellular mechanisms.
Evolving techniques for reducing phantom limb pain
Authors: Kuffler Damien P
Published: May 2023

At least two million people in the United States of America live with lost limbs, and the number is expected to double by 2050, although the incidence of amputations is significantly greater in other parts of the world. Within days to weeks of the amputation, up to 90% of these individuals develop neuropathic pain, presenting as phantom limb pain (PLP). The pain level increases significantly within one year and remains chronic and severe for about 10%. Amputation-induced changes are considered to underlie the causation of PLP. Techniques applied to the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are designed to reverse amputation-induced changes, thereby reducing/eliminating PLP. The primary treatment for PLP is the administration of pharmacological agents, some of which are considered but provide no more than short-term pain relief. Alternative techniques are also discussed, which provide only short-term pain relief. Changes induced by various cells and the factors they release are required to change neurons and their environment to reduce/eliminate PLP. It is concluded that novel techniques that utilize autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may provide long-term PLP reduction/elimination.
Engendering gendered mathematics education in the Philippines: Is equality to access enough?
Authors: Chua Von Christopher G
Published: May 2023

In this metasyntheses paper, I explore gender as a social factor that interacts with both the cognitive and affective domains of education by explaining what it means for mathematics to be gendered and how we can use mathematics education to promote gender fairness as a form of social justice. I start by discussing gender as a dichotomy and how educational research transitioned from a physiological to a socio-cultural perspective. Guided by Ferguson’s and Bjerrun-Nielsen’s Four-Perspective Gender model, and Cohen and Martin’s Four-Dimensional Model of Gender. I argue that mathematics education can be designed to promote gender equity only by considering these dimensions, and when there is a deliberate effort to examine how our exercise of education widens or narrows gender gap in terms of the four dimensions of gender equality: equality to access, learning experience, educational outcomes, and most importantly, external results. I discuss mathematics as an area perceived to embody a symbolic gender and what can be done through mathematics education to break that stereotype and contribute to the furthering equality to external results. I focus this discussion into the context of the Philippines and why it may be essential for educational reforms to zoom out to include other equally important dimensions of gender other than equality to access.
Systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease: a survey of current practices in France
Authors: Nicolas Amélie , Leroy Sylvie , Mouthon Luc , Uzunhan Yurdagul , Cottin Vincent , Mekinian Arsene , Queyrel Viviane , Hachulla Eric , Gachet Benoit , Launay David , Martis Nihal ,   Groupe Orphalung, Groupe Francophone de Recherche sur la Sclérodermie
Published: May 2023

Background:

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the leading cause of mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Objective:

We performed an overview of the diagnostic approaches, follow-up and treatment strategies used in France for the management of SSc-associated ILD (SSc-ILD).

Design: Structured nationwide online survey.Methods:

A structured nationwide online survey was submitted to participants via the French Medical Societies for Internal Medicine and Pneumology, and research groups on SSc-ILD from May 2018 to June 2020. The 79 multiple-choice and 9 open-ended questions covered the screening of ILD at baseline, monitoring of patients with established SSc-ILD and its management. Fourteen optional vignettes exploring different clinical phenotypes of SSc-ILD were submitted to evaluate therapeutic decisions.

Results:

All of the 93 participants screened SSc patients for ILD at baseline with 83 (89%) participants relying on a systematic chest computed tomography (CT) scan. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) were prescribed by 87 (94%) participants at baseline and during follow-up. Treatment was started based on abnormal PFT (95%), chest CT scan characteristics (89%), worsening dyspnoea (72%) and drop in SpO2 during 6-min walk tests (66%). First-line therapy was cyclophosphamide (CYC) (89%), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (83%) and prednisone (73%). Rituximab as second-line immunosuppressive therapy (41%) was preferred to antifibrotic agents (18%), and a median daily prednisone dose of 10 mg (interquartile range, 10–15) was prescribed by 73% participants. Extensive SSc-ILD with worsening PFT (95%), regardless of diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide values and skin extension, were more likely to be treated, and CYC was favoured over MMF ( p < 0.01). Extensive SSc-ILD with disease duration of less than 5 years was also a criterium for treatment initiation.

Conclusion:

This overview of practices in diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of SSc-ILD in France describes real-life management of patients. It highlights heterogeneity in this management and gaps in current strategies that should be addressed to improve and harmonize clinical practices in SSc-ILD.
Expanding Social Network Conceptualization, Measurement, and Theory: Lessons from Transnational Refugee Populations
Authors: Greene R. Neil , Hess Julia Meredith , Soller Brian , Amer Suha , Lardier David T. , Goodkind Jessica R.
Published: May 2023

With forcible displacement at unprecedented levels and only expected to increase as conflict, economic inequities, and climate change escalate, it is critical to understand the ways in which social networks of migrants are disrupted and reconstituted in new contexts. This requires critical examination and expansion of existing social network conceptualization, measurement, and theory that considers transnational movement and experiences to ensure cultural and contextual validity. As part of a community-engaged intervention study designed to promote the well-being of recently resettled refugees by addressing social determinants of mental health, the social networks of refugees were measured over time. This paper describes the conceptualization, operationalization, data collection, and data analysis of refugees’ social networks; challenges and lessons learned; and implications for transdisciplinary social network theory and methodologies. Tracing the development of quantitative and qualitative instruments and participatory processes of iteratively refining them throughout implementation with four cohorts of refugees (2013–2017; N = 290) resettling in a medium-sized city in the Southwestern United States, we offer innovative ways of viewing social networks that expand conceptualization, improve measurement, and extend theory. Our findings address known challenges to social network data collection (e.g., instrument bias, participant recall bias, and interviewer capacity) and suggest how social networks data collection can be strengthened through approaches that include (1) community members as collaborative researchers, (2) transdisciplinary theoretical and methodological perspectives, and (3) team-based practices that share leadership, learning experiences, and responsibility for data analysis, interpretation, and dissemination.
Joan Wynne on Living the Life of Yet
Authors: Landorf Hilary
Published: May 2023

This is a narrative inquiry of Dr. Joan Wynne’s transformative leadership in education that traces the roots of Wynne’s social justice activism and rich descriptions and examples of her transformative leadership qualities. Akin to a Russian doll, integrity is the overall case within which all of Wynne’s transformative leadership qualities reside—constant love and caring for others; respect for other’s ideas, and the shifting of their perspectives; deep and active listening skills; the ability to build and maintain networks of relationships; commitment to the theory and practice of social justice; and hope in the power of youth to enact positive social change.
Perspectives in AE: Employing Positive Priming in Civic Integration Classes for Adult Immigrants
Authors: Zagrebina Anna
Published: May 2023

Positive priming encourages adult immigrant students to become more involved in their learning activities and increases their chances of success in their host society. The use of priming effects in teaching adult immigrants, however, is not sufficiently explored in the educational literature. This article therefore fills this gap by presenting a pedagogical strategy consisting in using positive priming activities in civic integration classes to develop a positive mental attitude in students. The paper explains how the effect of positive priming can be achieved by engaging adult students in sharing their positive impressions and experiences in the host society. The practical strategies discussed were tested in multicultural groups composed of men and women and they can be used by educators to animate civic integration courses as well as instructors working with adult students in other programs.
From access to understanding: Collective data governance for workers
Authors: Calacci Dan , Stein Jake
Published: May 2023

Regulating data collection and use in the workplace is now more a matter of regulating working conditions than data protection. This article argues that existing data protection law fails workers for precisely this reason. We examine how workers currently use data protection law, labour law, and technology to access and leverage the data they produce at work and identify key ways in which current regulation falls short. Existing regulations primarily aim to protect worker privacy, an approach that ignores the fact that data use now often defines the fundamental conditions of work, particularly in the gig economy. This is because a key limitation of modern data protection law for workers is its myopic focus on the individual ‘data subject’, whose rights to data stem from a right to privacy or data protection. Instead, data regulation in the workplace requires a framework that acknowledges the core interest workers have in accessing their data: to collectively exert greater agency and control at work. We argue that workplace data regulation should largely be a matter of workplace governance and worker co-determination, an approach rooted in workers’ rights, to negotiate the terms of their employment agreements and specific working environments.
Inhabiting the extensions
Authors: Simone AbdouMaliq , Somda Dominique , Torino Giulia , Irawati Miya , R. Niranjana , Bathla Nitin , Castriota Rodrigo , Vegliò Simone , Chandra Tanya
Published: May 2023

Across the different vernaculars of the world's urban majorities, there is renewed bewilderment as to what is going on in the cities in which they reside and frequently self-build. Prices are unaffordable and they are either pushed out or strongly lured away from central locations. Work is increasingly temporary, if available at all, and there is often just too much labour involved to keep lives viably in place. Not only do they look for affordability and new opportunities at increasingly distant suburbs and hinterlands, but for orientations, for ways of reading where things are heading, increasingly hedging their bets across multiple locations and affiliations. Coming together to write this piece from our own multiple orientations, we are eight researchers who, over the past year, joined to consider how variegated trajectories of expansion unsettle the current logics of city-making. We have used the notion of extensions as a way of thinking about operating in the middle of things, as both a reflection of and a way of dealing with this unsettling. An unsettling that disrupts clear designations of points of departure and arrival, of movement and settlement, of centre and periphery, of time and space.
Diabetes prevention program outcomes by in-person versus distance delivery mode among ethnically diverse, primarily lower-income adults
Authors: Welshons Kate F , Johnson Nikki A , Gold Abby L , Reicks Marla
Published: May 2023

Objective

Physical activity and weight loss outcomes of a diabetes prevention program were compared for ethnically diverse adults, with the majority participating in public assistance programs. Outcomes were compared for those who completed the program in person versus by distance delivery.

Methods

A two-group, pre–post study design compared National Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes based on in-person delivery (2018–2020 pre-COVID-19 pandemic, n = 47) and distance delivery (after March 2020, n = 31). Outcomes were measured or self-reported depending on the delivery method. Linear mixed models with a random intercept for coach and covariates were used to assess delivery mode group differences in percent weight loss and weekly physical activity minutes.

Results

Completion rates were similar by in-person versus distance delivery mode (57% vs. 65%). Among those who completed the program, the mean age was 58 years, the mean baseline body mass index was 33, and 39% were Hispanic. The majority were female (87%), participating in a public assistance program (63%), and living in a micropolitan area (61%). Percent weight loss was greater in the distance delivery group (7.7%) compared to the in-person group (4.7%) in the unadjusted analysis ( p = 0.009) but not when adjusted for covariates. No differences were observed in adjusted weekly physical activity minutes between the in-person (219 min) versus the distance group (148 min).

Conclusions

No differences were observed by delivery mode in percent weight loss or weekly physical activity minutes, indicating that distance delivery does not compromise program effectiveness.
Assessing the healthcare quality issues for digital incident reporting in Sweden: Incident reports analysis
Authors: Rahman Jabin Md Shafiqur , Steen Mary , Wepa Dianne , Bergman Patrick
Published: May 2023

Objective

This study explored healthcare quality issues affecting the reporting and investigation levels of digital incident reporting systems.

Methods

A total of 38 health information technology-related incident reports (free-text narratives) were collected from one of Sweden's national incident reporting repositories. The incidents were analysed using an existing framework, i.e., the Health Information Technology Classification System, to identify the types of issues and consequences. The framework was applied in two fields, ‘event description’ by the reporters and ‘manufacturer's measures’, to assess the quality of reporting incidents by the reporters. Additionally, the contributing factors, i.e., either human or technical factors for both fields, were identified to evaluate the quality of the reported incidents.

Results

Five types of issues were identified and changes made between before-and-after investigations: Machine to software-related issues ( n  =  8), machine to use-related issues ( n  =  5), software to software-related issues ( n  =  5), use to software-related issues ( n  =  4) and use to use-related issues ( n  =  1). Over two-thirds ( n  =  15) of the incidents demonstrated a change in the contributing factors after the investigation. Only four incidents were identified as altering the consequences after the investigation.

Conclusion

This study shed some light on the issues of incident reporting and the gap between the reporting and investigation levels. Facilitating sufficient staff training sessions, agreeing on common terms for health information technology systems, refining the existing classifications systems, enforcing mini-root cause analysis, and ensuring unit-based local reporting and standard national reporting may help bridge the gap between reporting and investigation levels in digital incident reporting.
Assessing the physiological effect of non-driving-related task performance in conditionally automated driving systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Coyne Rory , Ryan Leona , Moustafa Mohamed , Smeaton Alan F , Corcoran Peter , Walsh Jane C
Published: May 2023

Background

Level 3 automated driving systems involve the continuous performance of the driving task by artificial intelligence within set environmental conditions, such as a straight highway. The driver's role in Level 3 is to resume responsibility of the driving task in response to any departure from these conditions. As automation increases, a driver's attention may divert towards non-driving-related tasks (NDRTs), making transitions of control between the system and user more challenging. Safety features such as physiological monitoring thus become important with increasing vehicle automation. However, to date there has been no attempt to synthesise the evidence for the effect of NDRT engagement on drivers’ physiological responses in Level 3 automation.

Methods

A comprehensive search of the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and IEEE Explore will be conducted. Empirical studies assessing the effect of NDRT engagement on at least one physiological parameter during Level 3 automation, in comparison with a control group or baseline condition will be included. Screening will take place in two stages, and the process will be outlined within a PRISMA flow diagram. Relevant physiological data will be extracted from studies and analysed using a series of meta-analyses by outcome. A risk of bias assessment will also be completed on the sample.

Conclusion

This review will be the first to appraise the evidence for the physiological effect of NDRT engagement during Level 3 automation, and will have implications for future empirical research and the development of driver state monitoring systems.
Academic and Wellness Outcomes Associated with use of Anki Spaced Repetition Software in Medical School
Authors: Wothe Jillian K , Wanberg Lindsey J , Hohle Rae D , Sakher Aliya A , Bosacker Laura E , Khan Faizel , Olson Andrew PJ , Satin David J
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES

Medical students are increasingly using a spaced repetition software called Anki to study. There are limited studies evaluating the relationship between Anki and learner outcomes. In this study, we describe the history of Anki use in medical school and assess the potential relationships between use of Anki and medical student academic, extracurricular, and wellness outcomes.

METHODS

We used cross-sectional data from a 50-item online survey and retrospective academic performance data from our institution's outcomes database. Participants were medical students. The survey assessed the frequency and timing of Anki use, student perceived stress, sleep quality, burnout risk, and involvement in extracurricular activities. Academic success was measured by USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 scores.

RESULTS

165 students responded survey. 92 (56%) identified as daily Anki users. Daily Anki use was correlated with increased Step 1 score ( P = .039), but not Step 2 scores. There was an association between Anki use and increased sleep quality ( P = .01), but no difference for other measurements of wellness or extracurricular involvement.

CONCLUSION

The study demonstrates potential benefits of daily use of Anki but also confirms that a variety of study methods can be used to achieve similar medical school outcomes.
Delayed Esophagectomy is Associated With Inferior Survival: A National Cancer Database Study
Authors: Dolan Daniel Powell , Kanagasegar Nithya , Dingillo Gianna , Alvarado Christine E. , Badrinathan Avanti , Bassiri Aria , Rice Jonathan D. , Sinopoli Jillian , Tapias Leonidas , Linden Philip A. , Towe Christopher W.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer is typically treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery 4 to 8 weeks later. Occasionally surgery is delayed >12 weeks; outcomes of this approach are not well studied. We hypothesized that delayed esophagectomy after chemoradiation would have inferior long-term overall survival relative to planned trimodality esophagectomy.

Methods:

Adult patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (T2−4aN0M0, T0−4aN+M0) who received multi-agent chemotherapy, radiation, and esophagectomy were identified in the 2018 National Cancer Database. Esophagectomy performed within 90 days from end of chemoradiation were categorized as “trimodality” and those ≥90 days were categorized as “delayed.” Primary outcome was overall survival measured using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard models. Secondary outcomes included surgical margin status, hospital length of stay, and readmission.

Results:

Included were 19 698 patients, 3905 (19.8%) “delayed.” Median time to surgery for trimodality patients was 51 days (IQR 41-63) versus 110 days (IQR 98-131) for delayed patients. Delayed patients tended to be older, non-white, have non-private insurance, and have more comorbidities. Overall survival was shorter for delayed patients (34.8 months) versus trimodality patients (43.1 months, P ≤ .001). In multivariable analysis, delay was associated with inferior overall survival (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.08-1.23). Length of stay and readmission rate were similar between cohorts, but delay was associated with a higher rate of positive surgical margins (6.7% vs 4.6%, P ≤ .001).

Conclusions:

In the National Cancer Database, delayed esophagectomy is associated with inferior long-term survival. Nonetheless, delayed esophagectomy may be appropriate for select patients; further research is needed to identify the optimal approach.