bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amyloid-β-targeted therapies for Alzheimer's disease: currently and in the future
Authors: Huimin Cai , Xiaofeng Fu , Shuiyue Quan , Ziye Ren , Changbiao Chu , Longfei Jia
Published: September 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is common and devastating. However, current symptomatic treatments are unable to alter the progression of the disease. Fortunately, many ongoing trials of disease-modifying therapies may provide new insights into the treatment and prevention of AD. Due to the long-held amyloid cascade hypothesis, the development of pharmacotherapies targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) has been a major focus in AD research. The recent positive results and approval of several anti- Aβ monoclonal antibodies seem to be a milestone for AD treatment. In this review, we highlight the rationale and status of different Aβ-targeted therapies for AD, including those now on the market and those in clinical trials. We also discuss the challenges and future perspectives of Aβ-targeted therapies for AD.
The Struggle for the Eastern Mediterranean. Interests and Ambitions
Authors: Zvyagelskaya I.
Published: September 2023

This book is the product of the concerted efforts of a team of Russian scholars who endeavored to bring to light the complexity of the legal, political, military, and economic aspects of international relations in the Eastern Mediterranean, the geographical cross point between Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. While considering the interests and ambitions of various regional and global players, the authors conducted a comprehensive study on the causes and consequences of the formation of the Eastern Mediterranean as a special political subregion. The book is structured in a manner that allows for the closer examination of general subregional trends together with individual cases. This manuscript will be of particular interest to specialists in this field, students, and a broader audience of readers who follow international relations.
Board diversity and financial reporting quality: does firm size matter?
Authors: Tan Celina , Taufiik Muhammad
Published: September 2023

This study scrutinises how the diversity of a board of directors (BOD) determines the financial reporting quality (FRQ) and how firm size may act in a moderating role. FRQ has two measurments, which are faithful representation and relevance. Faithful representation has one proxy, which is financial restatement. Relevance has two proxies, which are the predictive value and confirmatory value. Moreover, a board’s diversity includes its members’ gender, age, expertise and educational level. The research sample consists of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020; this produced 377 firms, resulting in 1,885 observations; we used panel data. Boards are homogeneous, except for boards with accounting expertise. Male directors can reduce the potential for financial restatements, but when moderated by firm size, they cannot guarantee the predictive value. Moreover, old directors can also reduce financial misconduct, but unqualified opinions are difficult to obtain when moderated by firm size. Further, a BOD without a member holding a doctoral degree can have a significant adverse effect on financial restatements and agency conflict. Agency conflict is the ultimate result of a negative predictive value. Meanwhile, board expertise boosts the fairness of financial reporting, resulting in obtaining an unqualified opinion and providing a predictive value. The fundamental qualitative characteristics of financial reporting must offer a relevant and faithful representation, while the previous studies employed this separately; this study tackles that gap. The previous research that tested corporate governance on FRQ is still very limited and tends to focus on one topic (e.g. gender), so our research is more comprehensive since BOD diversity was investigated. The FRQ worsens because the BOD is homogeneous. Based on the findings, the FRQ can be improved if there are female directors, younger directors, and directors who hold PhDs serving on the boards. This means that their presence/proportion must increase.
The determinant factors influencing accounting students’ interest in tax career
Authors: Sulistiyanti Umi , Kurniawan Sheila , Wibisono Arif Fajar
Published: September 2023

This research is to examine the influences of professional perception, self-ability, career expectation, and brevet tax training on the students’ interest in tax career. The population of this research is Class 2017 and Class 2018 students of Accounting Study Program of Universitas Islam Indonesia. The number of samples is 90 students who were collected using purposive sampling method based on the criteria of having completed the taxation subject and brevet tax training. The data processing tool employed was IBM SPSS version 25. The findings show that professional perception, career expectation, and brevet tax training positively affect the interest of accounting students to have career in tax. However, self-ability does not show any influence on the students’ interest to have career in tax. This Research is expected to be a consideration for educational institutios to motivate students to have a career in taxation.
Can forensic and investigation audit and whistleblowing detect fraud during the Covid-19 pandemic?
Authors: Ramadhan Muh. Syahru , Mulyati
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of forensic audits, investigative audits, and whistleblowing on fraud detection during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample in this study were auditors working at BPKP, BPK, and Inspectorate with a total of 90 respondents who were taken by purposive sampling method. The research data was tested using multiple regression tests. This study found that the characteristics of a forensic audit consisting of independence, objectivity, and professional skepticism can influence fraud detection. In addition, investigative audits consisting of experience and capabilities as well as whistleblow­ing variables have also been shown to influence fraud detection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the overall results of the study, fraud detection during the COVID-19 pandemic can be improved by various strategies, especially from the internal side, namely the quality of an auditor. Various efforts can be made, namely increasing independence, objectivity, and professional skepticism as well as maximizing the ability of auditors in carrying out audit assignments. Another factor, namely the implementation of a whistleblowing system is also important in supporting the implementation and performance of auditors in accordance with the current pandemic conditions. From a theoretical point of view, quantitative research to detect fraud related to forensic audits and whistleblowing during the COVID-19 pandemic is still very limited, so the results of this study can add to the literature.
The effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure on the company’s financial performance with environmental uncertainty as a moderating variable
Authors: Selumbung Ni Komang Apriliani , Sanjaya I Putu Sugiartha
Published: September 2023

This study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure on financial performance. This study also examines the effect of Environmental Uncertainty (EU) as a moderating variable on the relationship between CSR disclosure and the financial performance of companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2019-2020. The study’s secondary data is from annual reports, sustainability reports, and financial information. This study measures CSR disclosure by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) G4 standard, return measures financial performance on Equity (ROE), and the EU is measured using a dummy variable. The observations (firm-years) in this study were 673. This study tests the hypothesis by multiple linear regression analyses. This study provides two results. First, CSR disclosure has a positive effect on financial performance. Second, the EU as a moderating variable does not affect the relationship between CSR disclosure and financial performance.
The influence of game-based learning on business literacy
Authors: Rahayu Isti , Listyawan Gilang Fakhri , Setyono Primanita , Cahyawati Noor Endah
Published: September 2023

Game-based learning used in various learning areas, including business learning. MonsoonSIM is a game simulator employed in a business learning process. This study study aims to investigate the influence of game-based learning using MonsoonSIM on business literacy and its effect on entrepreneurial intention. The population in this study are the students in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Convenience sampling was used to select the research sample with the criteria of having experience of running MonsoonSIM. This study was conducted in 2022 based on a questionnaire to 121 students. In the analysis, Partial Least Square (PLS) was used with the results of game-based learning having a positive influence on business literacy, and entrepreneurial motivation having a positive influence on entrepreneurial intention. However, this study has not succeeded in proving the influence of environmental factors and business literacy on entrepreneurial intention. The study findings are expected to be a recommendation for higher education to apply game as a model alternative of business learning for a digital generation as it has been proven to promote business literacy.
Accounting information system performance in hospital: A case study
Authors: Rahayu Rofiqah Niyati , Rifandi Muhamad
Published: September 2023

This study aims to examine the impact of user engagement in system development, training and education, top management support, and user capabilities on the performance of accounting information systems. The population of this study consisted of 13 employees from the finance department of the PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Yogyakarta Hospital who used an accounting information system. This was a mixed methods study, which combined quantitative and qualitative data in one study. Data collection methods included questionnaires and interviews. The SPSS version 22 program was used for data analysis, which included descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study are that user engagement in system development, user education and training programs, and top management support all have an impact on the performance of accounting information systems. Meanwhile, user capabilities have no effect on accounting information system performance. It can also be expanded by including independent variables and research objects.
Reference Materials of Absorbed Dose: Expanding Dynamic Range and Improving Measurement Accuracy
Authors: Tenishev V. P.
Published: September 2023

Establishment and control of metrological characteristics of measurements of absorbed ionizing radiation doses in the range of 0.01 and 200 kGy by reference materials is an urgent task due to their wide application in various industries. The most convenient means of metrological support for transferring a unit of absorbed dose rate of intense photon, electron, and beta radiation to measuring instruments in radiation technologies are reference materials with established metrological traceability to the International System of Units (SI). In the present study, a method for expanding the dynamic range of measuring the absorbed dose of high-intensity ionizing radiation by radiochromic film dosimetry systems was considered and tested. The accuracy (uncertainty) of dose measurements was estimated depending on the initial optical density of the radiation-sensitive layer of the radiochromic composition. The possibility of expanding the dose characteristics and improving the metrological characteristics of the existing reference materials of absorbed dose (in water) for use as secondary standards (Measures) of the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation reproducing and (or) storing one or more points of the selected measurement scale of the absorbed dose with increased accuracy (uncertainty) of the measured values of the absorbed dose (in water) in an extended dynamic range was shown.
Measurement Techniques for the Composition of Air Environments: Development and Application
Authors: Ponomareva O. B. , Kanaeva Yu. V. , Gaiko M. V.
Published: September 2023

Accurate and reliable measurements of the composition of air environments (workplace air, ambient air, industrial air emissions) form a solid basis for decision making in the area of environmental quality. This article deals with the problem of developing and testing techniques for measuring air quality parameters. The disadvantages of the existing techniques are identified. A methodology for creating appropriate techniques is proposed. Procedures for developing reference materials (RMs) for internal and external quality control of measurement results are described, along with approaches to estimating the metrological characteristics of measurement techniques. The process of applying measurement techniques is specified. It is shown that techniques for measuring air quality parameters may be divided for two basic stages, i. e., the stage of analytical sampling and the stage of measuring the required indicators in this sample. This approach expands the possibilities of developing and certifying such techniques, thereby increasing the reliability of measurement results. Using the developed approach, the authors have successfully developed 12 techniques for measuring air quality parameters and four certified reference materials (CRMs). Works in this direction are continued.
Distribution changes of the toxic mushroom Amanita phalloides under climate change scenarios and its potential risk over indigenous communities in Mexico
Authors: Villagrán-Vázquez Abril , Garibay-Orijel Roberto , Ureta Carolina
Published: September 2023

Amanita phalloides is a native European deathly ectomycorrhizal mushroom that was introduced to North America and has been expanding its distribution during the last decades. This species is morphologically similar to wild edible mushrooms and if its distribution expands to Mexico, it could represent a risk in terms of food security for local communities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential climatic suitability that exists for A. phalloides in North America and overlay it with the distribution of mycophilic communities in Mexico under a baseline climatic scenario and climate change scenarios. To find climatic suitability we modeled its potential distribution with the algorithm that had the best predictive power after pilot test (MaxEnt) using species presences and eight climatic variables chosen with biological and statistical criteria. We worked with CanESM5 because it is one of the best models to simulate climate in North America and SSP5-8.5 scenario in order to be consistent with the precautionary principle. Our results suggest that even when the species has not yet been registered in Mexico, when using European records to model, this country presents 33.61% of climatic suitability for this species under the baseline scenario, potentially affecting about 70% of indigenous communities which are the main consumers of edible mushrooms. Under climate change scenarios, an increase in climatic suitability is expected in Mexico, while decreases are expected in United States and Canada. When using North American records to model, almost no climatic suitability is found in Mexico; however, the implementation of warning campaigns in Mexico is still needed.
Interactive Approach for Innovation as an Effective Tool for Enabling the Transition
Authors: Giaré Francesca , Arzeni Andrea , Lai Mara , Lasorella Maria Valentina , Ugati Rossella , Vagnozzi Anna
Published: September 2023

The interactive approach implies that a heterogeneous group of actors cooperates to identify, develop, and introduce innovative solutions into the ground. 20-year studies showed this approach as the most suitable to support innovation and knowledge sharing in the agri-food system. With the introduction of the EIP initiative in the EU policy, this approach has become a privileged tool to support innovation within the CAP, via the implementation of Operational Groups. The present study aims to analyse how the interaction process works in the implementation of the OGs in Italy, and its effectiveness. An online survey submitted to 270 OGs and 10 in-depth case studies were used to analyse interaction process and its effectiveness in the Italian OGs. The results show that the EIP AGRI in Italy helped to capture the real issues of farmers and other actors in the rural territories. Furthermore, participation in the OGs supported the creation and strengthening of relationships between partners. The major difficulties were identified in maintaining active interaction in all phases of the projects and with all partners involved and in the traditional approach used for dissemination of results, both within and outside the partnership. The study showed how complex is to describe the processes triggered by the interactive approach, being it influenced by the type of relationships existing between partners and by other external factors.
Half Dome Carbon Nitride Nanostructures
Authors: La Torre Alessandro
Published: September 2023

We report on a new form of nanoscale carbon nitride in the shape of single layer half dome structures grown on the step edges of boron nitride sheets. The half dome structure grown on the step edges of boron nitride sheets. The half dome structures are formed spontaneously at high temperature using Iron oxide nanoparticles capped with tetremethylammonium hydroxide supported on BN sheets. During the combustion process the support, firstly, acted as a reducing agent, secondly, as a source of nitrogen that permitted the transformation of the organic capping agent in sp1 CN chains linked with sp2 CN domains. During the Ostwald ripening process smaller nanoparticles migrates towards bigger nanoparticles, when the nanoparticles come across the step edges of few layer boron nitride sheets the half dome structure is formed. This new method of synthesis has demonstrated for the first time the formation of half dome structures containing cyanopolyynes sp1 chains and sp2 carbon nitride domains.
Repositioning Oxybutynin Hydrochloride: State of the Art in Synthesis, Mode of Action, Metabolism, and Formulations
Authors: Vanden Eynde Jean Jacques
Published: September 2023

Since decades, oxybutynin hydrochloride is prescribed to improve bladder control in cases of incontinence and excessive urination frequency. This review summarizes synthetic methods enabling preparation of the racemic drug and, in a detailed manner, preparation of (S)-2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid, a key intermediate in the synthesis of (S)-oxybutynin. Mode of action and metabolism are briefly commented in order to explain the main adverse effects associated with its use and to justify the evolution observed in the diverse commercial formulations. Repositioning opportunities are discussed in terms of clinical trials for the management of hyperhidrosis, hot flashes, and obstructive sleep apnea.
Artificial Intelligence and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Cervantes López Miriam Janet , Cruz Casados Jaime
Published: September 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a disruptive technology in various areas, and medicine is no exception. In the last decade, there has been rapid progress in the application of AI in healthcare, from diagnosing and prognosticating diseases to improving operational efficiency in hospitals. This literature review explores the advances of artificial intelligence in the field of medicine, discusses its benefits, and discusses the ethical and regulatory challenges that need to be addressed to maximize its potential.
Visualizing, Illustrating and Communicating Future Water Visions to Support Learning and Sustainability Transitions
Authors: Ward Sarah , Forrow David , Kirk Stuart , Worthington Roger , Paling Nick , Stacey Freya , Brunt Oakley
Published: September 2023

A global existential and interlocking environmental, climate and cooperation/equity polycrisis is being faced, which increasingly impacts and is impacted by water and land systems. As a result, transformations in response are gaining increasing traction. Advances in approaches to visualising and communicating how innovations and changes in landscape features enable shifts, transformations and transitions are more crucial than ever before. Visions help focus actions, collaboration and alignment of multiple actors in working towards a common purpose, whilst also entering people’s consciousness at the deep level of values, transforming beliefs and consequently, thinking and action. They give direction on effort and pull on transformational innovation. The evidence-based ‘Water Visions Visualisation Platform’ presents an innovative and accessible way to illustrate, communicate and support future water visioning and strategizing at the landscape scale based on composite paradigms, scenarios, horizons and concepts. Plausible visions of the future are envisioned, illustrated, narratively described and qualitatively assessed, as well as connected with real-world examples and resources through the interactive Platform. This paper outlines the co-creation methodology, the architecture and the co-development of the Platform, as well as a preliminary evaluation through literature-based criteria and the sharing of the Platform with a number of audiences.
Investigation on Crack Repairing Technique to Delay Fracture Initiation of Steel Members Subjected to Low Cycle Fatigue
Authors: Abeygunasekara S. , Gamage J.C.P.H , Fawzia S
Published: September 2023

The stress concentrations have become common phenomenon of steel elements when arresting a fracture by implementing the crack stop hole (CSH) technique. Embedding the CSH with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) enhance the fatigue life by delaying the fractures while achieving a stiffness recovery due to superior mechanical characteristics of CFRP material. Hence, low cyclic fatigue (LCF) behaviour of 162 strengthened and non-strengthened CSH specimens were examined in this context. These specimens were subjected to a range of 0 to10,000 fatigue load cycles with the frequency of 5 Hz. At the end of fatigue exposure, the average tensile strength was measured in each case. The average strength reductions in the range between 13% to 25% was noted in steel elements with CSH subjected to fatigue exposure. The application of a CFRP patch on CSH had effectively recovered the strength losses while enhancing the strength in the range between 32% to 45% with respect to the non-strengthened non specimens. The developed numerical model based on cyclic J-integral technique agrees with test results and is capable of predicting characteristics for this novel hybrid technique.
Skull Biomechanics and Simplified Cephalometric Lines for the Estimation of Muscular Lines of Action
Authors: Dolci Claudia , Cenzato Niccolo , Maspero Cinzia , Giannini Lucia , Khijmatgar Shahnawaz , Dipalma Gianna , Tartaglia Gianluca Martino , Inchingolo Francesco
Published: September 2023

This study proposes a cephalometric analysis that can be used for biomechanical simulation by considering the important and complex relationship between craniofacial morphology and masseter muscle (MM) size and inclination and by including muscle values. The MM line of action drawn between the Gonion (Go) and Orbital (Or) point relative to dental and skeletal references (occlusal and Frankfort planes) were analyzed. A total of 510 pre-treatment lateral cephalometric tracings (217 males, 293 females, 6-50 years) and lateral Bolton standard tracings (6-18 years) were analyzed. The study examined the following: a) skeletal-cutaneous class (linear distance in mm between the projections of points A' and B' on the occlusal plane), b) the angle between the perpendicular line to the occlusal plane and the Go-Or line at the molar occlusal point, and c) the angle between the Go-Or line and the Frankfort plane. The skeletal classes of the patients ranged from -14.5 to 15.5 mm and did not differ by sex or age; the angle between the Go-Or line and the normal to the occlusal plane averaged 39° (range 15° to 53°) and decreased with age, while the angle between the Go-Or line and the Frankfort plane averaged 42° (range 30° to 54°), increased in older patients. No effect of gender was observed. The two angles were also significantly correlated with each other, but not with sagittal jaw discrepancy. Similar results were obtained with Bolton tracings; the positional relationship of the Go-Or line to the teeth and skeletal landmarks is partially consistent with the literature. The present cephalometric analysis can be usefully used to estimate the mechanical advantage of MM in biomechanical simulations of masticatory muscle performance.
Wooden Houses: The Need of Compliance with Integrated Technical Criteria to Decrease Risk in Relation to the Climate Change
Authors: Garay Moena Rose Marie , Benedetti Susana
Published: September 2023

The prefabricated houses supply in Chile was analyzed from web platforms, public market, social media, and Internal Revenue Service, using indicators according to regulatory compliance, complexity, and sustainability attributes, which are essential in advancing to industrialization, and climate change adaptability. The 80% is concentrated in construction, and manufacturing companies, 83% of them are legally registered,with the capacity of meeting technical requirements. To delve deeper into this, 54% has low level, 35% medium level, and 11% high level. The sustainability was measured in 5 levels: 2.7% (1), 37,5% (2), 58,6% (3), 1,1% (4) and 0% (5), which is the highest one. This attribute was determined as the weakest one. The proposed evaluation, based on indicators by attribute, is objective and relevant to consideration since there is still a lack of capacity to supply the housing deficit, and there is not attributes associated to security in habitability to address the climate change, and environment threats, with a lack of action by the state to promote this productive sector, therefore focusing more in provide products, than taking responsibility of the site, not advancing to become a real state agency, which could be improved if management, and regulation were incorporated.
Phytotherapy Used in Ailments of the Digestive System by Andean Inhabitants of Pampas, Huancavelica, Peru
Authors: Saldaña-Chafloque Charles Frank , Acosta-Román Mercedes , Torres-Huamaní José , Castillo-Zavala José Luis
Published: September 2023

The use of medicinal plants for the therapy of diseases of the digestive system; where the Andean peoples developed various forms of administration. The objective being the identification of medicinal plants used in the therapy of ailments of the digestive system by the Andean inhabitants of Pampas, Tayacaja, Huancavelica, Peru. Methods, non-probabilistic sampling, using the “snowball” technique, carrying out semi-structured surveys, allowing information to be collected on the prevalence of ailments or diseases of the digestive system treated with medicinal plants, with inhabitants over 20 years of age participating and using the medicinal plants in the therapy of your digestive system ailments; and, exclude those inhabitants who do not comply with it. Results, 16 families, 33 genera and 34 species are reported; where the families that present the greatest abundance of species are Asteraceae, Lamiaceae; Likewise, the widely used species are Minthostachys mollis (11.9%), Aloe vera (10.4%), Clinopodium bolivianum (9%), Artemisia absinthium (9%) and Matricaria chamomilla (8.2%). Concluding with the identification of a diversity of medicinal flora, used in the therapy of diseases of the digestive system, such as stomach pain, constipation, gallbladder ailments, gastritis, gastrointestinal and liver diseases.
The Additive Effects of Dabigatran Etexilate and Exercise Training on the Development and Stability of Atherosclerotic Lesions in Diabetic ApoE Knockout Mice
Authors: Kadoglou Nikolaos PE , Stasinopoulou Marianna , Gkougkoudi Evangelia , Christodoulou Eirini , Kostomitsopoulos Nikolaos , Valsami Georgia
Published: September 2023

Aim: Complementary effects of dabigatran etexilate (DE), exercise training (ET) and combination (DE+ET) on the development and composition of the atherosclerotic lesions in diabetic apoE knockout (apoE-/-) mice. Methods: In 48 male apoE-/- diabetic mice, streptozotocin (STZ) was induced for 5 consecutive days. Mice received figh-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and were randomized into 4 groups (1.Control/CG, 2.DEG: HFD with DE, 3.ETG: ET on treadmill, 4.DE+ETG: Combination DE and ET treatment). At the end of 8th week, all mice were euthanatized and morphometry of the aortic lesions at the level of aortic valve was obtained. Collagen, elastin, TNF-a, MCP-1, matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP-2,-3,-9), and TIMP-1 concentration within plaques at aortic valve were determined. Results: All active groups had significantly smaller aorta stenosis (DEG:7.9±2.2%, ETG:17.3±5.3%, DE+ETG:7.1±2.7%) compared to CG (23.3±5.5% p<0.05), reduced the relative intra-plaque concentrations of macrophages, MCP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9, and considerably increased collagen, elastin and TIMP-1 (p<0.05). Group 4 showed the most pronounced results (p<0.05). Both DEG and DE+ETG significantly reduced MMP-2 and TNF-a concentrations compared to ETG and CG (p<0.010). Conclusion: DE and ET treatment in diabetic apoE-/- mice showed complementary amelioration of atherosclerotic lesions development and stability, mediated by the anti-inflammatory modulation of both DE and ET.
Surveying and Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Exploring the Capabilities of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)/Drones
Authors: Chipatiso Ezra
Published: September 2023

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have emerged as a solution to day to day survey tasks, allowing users to visualize phenomena in real-time. This paper explores the capabilities of UAV or drones in the collection of accurate, geo-tagged data quickly, including photogrammetry software processes to deliver standardized data output. In order to explore the capabilities of UAV, Gatu Township in Centenary, Muzabani District of Zimbabwe was chosen from the national mapping topographic series. This study demonstrates the efficiency of data collection using drones, generate 2D orthomosaics in real time, so that analysts can easily visualize land cover and identify any changes, map and model large areas to produce data for 2D and 3D models. The recent development of innovative optical image processing has further lowered the costs high resolution topographic surveys.
Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Deformation Monitoring of the Ming Great Wall in Shanxi Province through InSAR
Authors: Liu Qi , Wang Xuan , Cong Kanglin , Zhang Junhao , Yang Zongheng
Published: September 2023

Influenced by geological, climatic, and natural weathering factors, the Great Wall heritage is sus-ceptible to deformations, posing significant challenges to the comprehensive preservation of the Great Wall sites. To investigate techniques for monitoring deformations in extensive linear cultural heritage sites, such as the Great Wall, this study utilizes the SBAS-InSAR technique for deformation monitoring and analysis. A dataset comprising 161 Sentinel-1A images spanning from March 2017 to January 2022 was chosen for SBAS-InSAR processing, yielding a deformation velocity field. To verify result credibility, a typical mountainous segment spanning approximately 896.53 km within the Great Wall landscape corridor underwent analysis. The findings suggest that around 75.8% of the landscape corridor along the Shanxi section of the Ming Great Wall maintain relative stability, displaying deformation rates varying from -10 to 10 mm/year. The remaining 24.2% of the land-scape corridor experiences notable deformations, including a maximum subsidence rate of 33.1 mm/year and a maximum subsidence of 148.6 mm. This study illustrates the potential utility of the SBAS-InSAR technique for monitoring and evaluating surface deformations in extensive linear cultural heritage sites.
The Multivariate Regression Models Suggested as Tools for Categorizing Solitarious and Gregarious Groups of the Main Pest Locust, Schistocerca gregaria, Produce Reproducible Results
Authors: Saadi Soumia , BAKKALI NOUREDDINE , Blázquez Rubén Martín , Badih Abdelmounim , Bakkali Mohammed
Published: September 2023

Outbreaks of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria affect some of the poorest parts of Africa, causing devastating catastrophes. Key to understanding and dealing with this problematic adaptation to environmental changes is comparing locusts that are gregarious (associated with outbreak states) and solitarious (associated with non-outbreak states) either in nature or after experimental treatments in laboratories. Categorising locusts and detecting changes in their phase status is key to such comparisons. Such comparisons are hitherto based on applying mathematical models that use behavioural parameters and that each laboratory has to build a new for each experiment. All such models used thus far for research on locusts are different from each other. That implies differences in the tools used for the different experiments and by the different laboratories and, thus, potential noise in the scientific results and interpretations too. Standardizing the way how we categorise locusts between laboratories and experiments is needed if we want to reduce noise and errors. It is even a must if we are to make the results and interpretations transferable and comparable between experiments and laboratories that work in such an important research area.

Here, we use samples from independent S. gregaria population in order to further test the two models that were suggested earlier as standardizing tools for S. gregaria categorization. The outcomes of both models were largely replicated and reproducible.
We report on how successful the two models were at categorizing solitarious, intermediate (transient) and gregarious nymph and adult samples. We highlight shortcomings and make more specific recommendations on the use of these models based on the differences they show as to their precision when categorizing the solitarious and gregarious S. gregaria nymph and adult samples.
Comparison of Four Sewer Condition AssessmentProtocol Based on Field Data
Authors: Cao Guang-xue , Guo Shuai , Wei Jun , Huang Rongmin , Li Mei
Published: September 2023

In order to better plan new or update sewer pipe condition assessment protocols, this paper presents systematic comparisons of four most widely-used sewer condition assessment protocols, including the fourth edition of Sewer Rehabilitation Manual (SRM-4) in UK, Pipeline Assessment and Certification Program (PACP) in America, Sewer Physical Condition Grading Protocols (SPCCM) in Canada, and Technical Specification for Inspection and Evaluation of Urban Sewer (TSIEUR) in China. In qualitative comparison, the defects, deduct values and assessment methods of the four protocols were analyzed; in quantitative comparison, protocols were used to evaluate the same 182 sewer pipe segments based on field data and the assessment results were compared. It was found that SRM-4 are the most optimistic with 59% pipes being Grade 1 and Grade 2, while SPCCM gives the most pessimistic results with 62% pipes being Grade 3 and Grade 4. Assessment results by PACP and TSIEUR are in the middle. The main reasons for the different evaluation results were due to the different weight of defect and evaluation methods used.
Dehydroxylation of Kaolinite and Halloysite-Rich Samples: An In Situ Study of the Texture and Structural Evolutions
Authors: Daou Imane , Mocuta Cristian , Lecomte-Nana Gisèle Laure , Tessier-Doyen Nicolas , Peyratout Claire , Guinebretiere René , Thiaudière Dominique
Published: September 2023

Halloysite and kaolinite are dioctahedral TO phyllosilicates that drive the interest of scientists for formulating environmental friendly materials, and consequently in the field of ceramics. The main scope of this study was the understanding of the texture evolution upon the dehydroxylation reaction and the influence of the presence of halloysite. In situ synchrotron (002) and (111) poles figures were recorded on the DiffAbs beamline at SOLEIL Synchrotron, from room temperature to 1000°C, on kaolinite and/or halloysite-rich samples shaped by tape casting. Commercial kaolins and halloysite provided by Imerys company were used. The samples were labeled KRG100, KCS100, H100, KRG50H50 and KRG59H50 in relation with the wt. % of kaolin (KRG, KCS) or halloysite (H) clays. In samples KCS100 and KRG100, a strong texture was observed until in situ annealing at 700°C, with respect to the c-axis of kaolinite. One the contrary, the texture with respect to the c-axis of halloysite for the sample H100 was weak whatever the temperature was. Moreover, this weak texture disappeared before the complete dehydroxylation of halloysite. This is due to the opening of some halloysite tubes. When considering the samples KRG50H50 and KCS50H50, a significant texture was observed with the c-axis preferentially oriented perpendicular to the sample surface . The presence of kaolinite platelets predominated onto the alignment of halloysites tubes. Furthermore, it was noted that the halloysite influenced the (002) diffracted intensity into the temperature range 20 °C and 400 °C. Above 400°C, the behavior obtained for the (002) reflection in samples KRG50H50 and KCS50H50 was similar to the behavior noticed for pure kaolins KRG100 and KCS100 respectively. The dehydroxylation temperature range appeared to be relevant with combined effect of kaolinite and halloysite transformations arising from KRG100 or KCS100 and H100 samples. Therefore, the onset point of dehydroxylation is 550 °C ± 25 °C for KRG100, KCS100 KRG50H50 and KCS50H50. For the pure halloysite H100 sample, the dehydroxylation starts at lower temperature 475°C. It was also noted that during the dehydroxylation of kaolinite, the characteristic portion of ring related to the diffracted intensity of the (111) reflection located at χ = 45 ° tended to disappear above 550 °C and led to the formation of a new transitory phase with a (111) reflection with perpendicular alignment to the c-axis. Indeed, an epitaxial relationship with the (111) kaolinite reflection could be assumed. Further X-ray scattering experiments allowed highlighting the effective offset temperature of the dehydroxylation, which was identified as close to 720 °C. The metakaolinite obtained undergone structural transformation to another transitory phase at 1000°C.
Assessment of Experience, Fears, Barriers and Adherence to Insulin Injection Among the Parents of Children with Diabetes
Authors: Barakat Muna , Hallit Souheil , Malaeb Diana , Sallam Malik , Al-Jamal Marah , Ibrahim Sarah , Abuarab Sara Feras , Odeh Rasha , Alassaf Abeer
Published: September 2023

Background: Regardless of the indisputable benefits of insulin therapy, initiating insulin for diagnosed children with diabetes might be intimidating for parents. This study assesses the experience, fears, barriers and adherence to insulin use among the parents of diagnosed children with diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was utilized for data collection from 218 participants between February and March 2023 in Jordan. The survey consisted of six sections to evaluate and assess: sociodemographic for both children with diabetes and their parents, the experience of using the insulin, the diabetes fear of self-injecting questionnaire (D-FISQ), the barriers for insulin administration including both sociocultural and other insulin-related factors, and insulin adherence. Results: More than 80% of the participants perceived a number of sociocultural barriers to insulin administration such as the tendency for addiction, lower efficiency of insulin than oral medication, and preference for complementary medicine over insulin. More than two-thirds of the participants complained of insulin-related barriers such as infections and sudden death in addition to learning the correct injection method. The general fear level was low, 8.56±7.87 (out of 45); however, more fear of insulin injection and self-testing was significantly associated with both sociocultural and insulin-related barriers, especially at the younger age. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that parents have several barriers to insulin administration, mainly related to insulin injection. Therefore, more awareness about insulin therapy can help adjust the cooperation of patients, acceptance of treatment, ending with improving the quality of life and well-being.
MANAGEMENT MODEL WITH CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS (CSFs) FOR RESEARCH PROJECTS
Authors: Salazar-Arrieta Fernando , Sánchez-Serna Aracely , Diez-Silva Mauricio , Rueda-Varón Milton
Published: September 2023

This article aims at presenting the results that were found in the design and implementation of a new management model of Critical Success Factors for improving the effects of research projects. The model was based on the theory of structural equations derived from factor analyses and multiple linear regression models. For achieving the purpose, the authors developed an empirical evidence analysis founded on a literature review in the knowledge area of project management. Afterwards, the process of identification of the CSFs was carried out for a group of research projects launched in Colombia as a result of the application and measurement of an instrument. They were the basis for the development of a structural relationship modeling. Also, this contributed to determine the CSFs that explain the generation of effects of research projects, and the project management execution process from which it can be carried out based on said measurement indicators.
Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) of the TLCScanner Method for the Determination of Radiochemical Purity of the Radiopharmaceutical Sodium Iodide 131I Oral Solution
Authors: Vasquez Miguel , Castro-Luna Américo , Ramos-Cevallos Norma Julia , Ramos-Perfecto Donald , Alcarraz-Curi Mario , Segura-Vasquez Jacqueline , Cáceres-Antaurco Danny
Published: September 2023

The objective of the study was to apply the principles of analytical quality by design (AQbD) to the analytical method for the determination of the radiochemical purity (PQR) of the radiopharmaceutical sodium iodide 131I oral solution, by means of thin layer chromatography (TLC) with a Radio-TLC scanner, the same one that allows to evaluate the quality of the product. For the AQbD, the analytical objective profile (ATP), critical quality attributes (CQA), risk management, the method operable design region (MODR) were defined through the response surface methodology for method optimization using the MINITAB ® software, Control Strategy and the validation of the method where the parameters of selectivity, linearity, precision, robustness, detection limit, quantification limit, range and stability of the sample solution were evaluated. Under the experimental conditions, the conditions of the method were demonstrated by TLC-Scanner and optimization was carried out for an injection volume of 3 µL, radioactive concentration of 10 mCi/mL and carrier volume of 40 µL. It was statistically demonstrated that the method is selective for the 131I iodide band Rf of 0,8 and for the radiochemical impurity IO₃⁻ Rf of 0.6, linearity from 6,0 to 22.0 mCi/mL, intermediate precision with Global RSD of 0,624%, robustness with global RSD 0,101%, detection limit of 0,09 mCi/mL, quantification limit of 0.53 Ci/mL, conforming range, and stability of the sample solution evaluated over time 0, 2 and 20 hours with a global RSD of 0,362%, obtaining consistent results. The development of the method based on AQbD allowed the generation of a design space and an operational space with knowledge of all the characteristics and limitations of the method, likewise in all the operations the conformity of the tests to the acceptance criteria was verified. The validity of our method is concluded under the established conditions, suitable for use in the manufacturing process of sodium iodide 131I and application in nuclear medicine services.
Influence of Long-Term Outdoor Storage of Rockrose (Cistus laurifolius L.) Shrub Biomass on Biofuels Quality, Pre-Treatment and Combustion Processes
Authors: Bados Raquel , Mediavilla Irene , Tolosana Eduardo , Borjabad Elena , Ramos Raquel , Fernández Miguel , Pérez Paloma , Esteban Luis Saúl
Published: September 2023

Biomass storage is an essential requirement in the supply chain of bio-refineries and power plants. This research aims to evaluate the influence of long-term outdoor storage (1 year) of baled rockrose (Cistus laurifolius L.) shrub biomass on biofuel´s quality, pre-treatment processes and on combustion emissions in an industrial boiler. The raw material was obtained from different rockrose shrublands in North-center Spain. 233 tWM (tones of wet matter) of biomass were used to produce biofuels (30 mm milled biomass and Ø 8 mm pellets) in the pre-treatment pilot plants at CEDER-CIEMAT. The combustion tests were conducted in an industrial moving grate boiler with a thermal power of 50 MWth, in a 17 MWe power plant. Outdoor storage improved some quality biofuels parameters, mainly the reduction in ash content, what allowed to classify 30 mm milled material as class I1 (ISO 17225-9:2022) and pellets as class I3 (ISO 17225-2-2021). No significant differences were observed in the total specific mass flow and energy consumptions in the pre-treatment processes. The combustion tests had similar results, being the emissions below the limits established in the Directive (EU) 2015/2193. The results obtained indicated that 1-year outdoor store of rockrose-baled biomass under Mediterranean conditions was feasible for its subsequent use as biofuel.
Identification and Characterization of ten Escherichia coli Strains encoding Novel Shiga Toxin 2 Subtypes, Stx2n as well as Stx2j, Stx2m, and Stx2o, in the United States
Authors: Lindsey Rebecca L , Prasad Arjun , Feldgarden Michael , Gonzalez-Escalona Narjol , Kapsak Curtis , Klimke William , Melton-Celsa Angela , Smith Peyton , Souvorov Alexandre , Truong Jenny , Scheutz Flemming
Published: September 2023

The sharing of genome sequences in online data repositories, allows for large scale analyses of specific genes or gene families. This can result in the detection of novel gene subtypes as well as development of improved detection methods. Here we used publicly available WGS data to detect a novel Stx subtype, Stx2n in two clinical E. coli strains isolated in the USA. During this process, additional Stx2 subtypes were detected; six Stx2j one Stx2m strain and one Stx2o, all were analyzed for variability from the originally described subtypes [1,2]. Complete genome sequences were assembled from short or long read sequencing and analyzed for serotype, and ST types. The stx2n and Stx2o WGS were further analyzed for virulence genes pro-phage analysis and phage insertion sites. Nucleotide and amino acid maximum parsimony trees showed expected clustering of the previously described subtypes and a clear separation of the novel Stx2n subtype. WGS data was used to design OMNI PCR primers for the detection of all known Stx1 (283 bp amplicon), Stx2 (400 bp amplicon), eae (222bp amplicon) and Stx2f (438 bp amplicon) subtypes. These primers were tested in three different laboratories, using standard reference strains. Analysis of complete genome sequence showed variability in serogroup, virulence genes, ST type, and Stx2 pro-pages showed variability in size, gene composition, and phage insertion sites. The isolates with Stx2n and Stx2o in this study demonstrated toxicity for Vero cells. The Stx2n strain were induced when grown with sub-inhibitory concentrations of Cip, and toxicity was detected. Taken together, these data highlight the need to reinforce genomic surveillance to identify the emergence of potential new Stx2 or Stx1 variants. The importance of this surveillance has a paramount impact in public health. Per our description in this study, we suggest that 2017C-4317 be designated as the Stx2n type-strain.