bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of ipsilateral false vocal fold resection on swallowing following transoral laser cordectomies - a pilot study
Authors: Burian Andras , Smatanova Katarina , Szanyi Istvan
Published: September 2023

Our aim was to investigate the early and late impact of false vocal fold removal (vestibulectomy) on swallowing using fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) following type III, IV and V transoral laser cordectomies (TLC). Fifteen endoscopically resectable glottic cancers necessitating TLC with vestibulectomy were included. FEES was performed preoperatively and in both the early and late postoperative periods establishing modified penetration aspiration scale (mPAS) and pharyngeal residue severity scale (PRSS). Laryngeal preservation and local recurrence were also noted. Due to 10 T1a, 2 T1b, 2 T2 and 1 selected T3 diseases, 2 type III, 9 type IV, 2 type Va and 2 type Vd cordectomies were performed. Early and late average postoperative PRSS scores were 1 and 0, respectively, while early and late postoperative mPAS scores were identically 1. Neither early nor late postoperative PRSS and mPAS values (0 and 1, respectively) differed remarkably from preoperative scores. Laryngeal preservation failed in only one case due to recurrence. TLC provides excellent laryngeal preservation in early glottic cancer. In our series, ipsilateral vestibulectomy during TLC did not deteriorate swallowing neither by increased pharyngeal residue nor by increased aspiration risk. Nevertheless, a higher case number is recommended to statistically confirm our observations.
Prevalence and clinical correlates of psychotic symptoms and its association with Internet addition symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder
Authors: Wang Song , Shi Yudong , Gu Jinyang , Gu Mengyue , Yang Yating , Li Mengdie , Zhang Ling , Zhang Yulong , Xia Lei , Liu Huanzhong , Geng Feng
Published: September 2023

Aim Psychotic symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have been associated with a worse clinical course, although previous studies reported substantial heterogeneity. Despite the relevance of the subject, the relationship between psychotic symptoms and socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of adolescent patients with MDD is not clear.Methods We screened 195 adolescents with MDD, and after excluding cases with changes in diagnosis or incomplete clinical data during the subsequent six months of follow-up, we included 161 cases to investigate the relationship between psychotic symptoms and clinical characteristics. According to the presentation of psychotic symptoms, patients were categorized into PD and NPD groups. Independent sample t-tests and chi-square tests were employed to compare these two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess socio-demographic and clinical risk factors associated with psychotic symptoms.Results The prevalence of psychotic symptoms in these MDD adolescents was 27.3%. The scores of BMI, HAMD and IAT of MDD adolescents with psychotic symptoms were significantly higher than those of MDD adolescents without psychotic symptoms (both p < 0.05). A strong association was found between psychotic symptoms and suicide, with odds ratio of 4.012 for suicide.Conclusions These findings suggest that the psychotic symptoms of adolescents with MDD are closely related to Internet addiction and suicide attempts. It is crucial to address the occurrence of internet addiction symptoms when treating these patients, while also regularly assessing their suicidal attempts to effectively prevent self-harm.
Real-World Pharmacoeconomic Assessment of Paliperidone Palmitate for Schizophrenia Management:A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Zhou Yixiang , Chen Binbin , Huang Yinghua
Published: September 2023

Background: To perform a pharmacoeconomic assessment of one-year maintenance treatment in stable schizophrenic patients with paliperidone extended-release tablets (PPER) and paliperidone palmitate once-monthly (PP1M) and provide a reference for clinicians in patient selection.
Methods: A retrospective investigation and analysis were conducted on stable schizophrenic patients who had been on PPER or PP1M for at least one year between June 2014 and December 2019. Patient demographic data, direct medical and nonmedical costs, and other information were collected. The clinical efficacy data were obtained from published articles, and a cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted.
Results:The PPER and PP1M groups included data from 84 and 62 patients, respectively. The two groups had no significant difference in gender and age. The total effective rates of PPER and PP1M were 73.17 and 97.37%, respectively. The registration frequency in the PPER group was significantly higher than that in the PP1M group (P <0.001). The cost of medication and total treatment was significantly higher in the PP1M group than in the PPER group (P <0.001). The cost/effect value was slightly higher in the PP1M group than in the PPER group. The incremental cost-effect ratio of both treatments was 369.07 yuan, less than the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) value.
Conclusion: Both formulations of paliperidone were found to be suitable for the long-term management of schizophrenia, while PP1M has better pharmacoeconomic advantages.
Factors influencing clinical pregnancy failure in patients with RIF treated with the IVF-ET technique: a cohort analysis based on a propensity score approach
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Ai Zhonghua , Tang Songyuan , Jia Yan
Published: September 2023

Objective
To investigate the risk factors for clinical pregnancy in patients with recurrent embryo implantation failure (RIF) treated with in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) technique.
Methods
1074 patients treated with IVF-ET were matched for propensity score to reduce the effect of confounding factors. The final endometrial receptivity analysis (ERA) group and the conventional frozen embryo transfer (FET) group were each matched to 204 cases, with 201 in the failed pregnancy group and 207 in the successful pregnancy group. Their basic demographic characteristics and relevant clinical data were collected, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival curves of the patients' pregnancy rates, and the factors influencing them were analysed using Cox regression models.
Results
The success and failure rates of clinical pregnancies in patients with RIF were 50.74% and 49.26%, respectively. Patients in the failed pregnancy group did not receive an ERA, had > 3 previous implantation failures, and were transferred with a single embryo, with no quality embryos transferred.
Conclusion
Not receiving an ERA, having > 3 previous implantation failures, using single embryo transfer and not transferring quality embryos are risk factors for clinical pregnancy in patients with RIF.
Modeling COVID-19 Spread using Multi-Agent Simulation with Small-World Network Approach
Authors: Fan Qin , Li Qun , Chen Youliang , Tang Jianbo
Published: September 2023

Background
The rapid global spread of COVID-19 has seriously impacted people's daily lives and the social economy while also posing a threat to their lives. The analysis of infectious disease transmission is of significant importance for the rational allocation of epidemic prevention and control resources, the management of public health emergencies, and the improvement of future public health systems.
Methods
We propose a spatio-temporal COVID-19 transmission model with a neighborhood as an agent unit and an urban spatial network with long and short edge connections. The spreading model includes a network of defined agent attributes, transformation rules, and social relations and a small world network representing agents' social relations. Parameters for each stage are fitted by the Runge-Kutta method combined with the SEIR model. Using the NetLogo development platform, accurate dynamic simulations of the spatial and temporal evolution of the early epidemic were achieved.
Results
Experimental results demonstrate that the fitted curves from the four stages agree with actual data, with only a 12.27% difference between the average number of infected agents and the actual number of infected agents after simulating one hundred times. Additionally, the model simulates and compares different "city closure" scenarios. The results showed that implementing a 'lockdown' 10 days earlier would lead to the peak number of infections occurring seven days earlier than in the normal scenario, with a reduction of 40.35% in the total number of infections.
Discussion
The intervention of epidemic prevention measures will significantly impact the transmission of the disease, and the earlier the intervention occurs, the more pronounced the effect in suppressing the spread of the epidemic. This approach can accurately replicate actual virus transmission data and predict the epidemic's future trend based on available data so that health decision-makers may better comprehend its spread.
Engagement of Peer Educators from India’s National Adolescent Health Programme for the COVID-19 response activities: Qualitative Findings from iSaathiya study
Authors: Bassi Shalini , Bahl Deepika , Maity Heeya , Dringus Stefanie , Rizvi Zoya Ali , Kumar Deepak , Raina Agrima , Arora Monika
Published: September 2023

Background
The study was conducted to understand the role of peer educators recruited under Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) for COVID-19 response activities in two Indian states (Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra).
Methods
In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with stakeholders (n = 110, Maharashtra: 57, Madhya Pradesh: 53) engaged in the implementation of the Peer Education programme of RKSK at the state, district, block, and village levels. Additionally, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were also conducted with adolescents who were part of the peer group of peer educators (n = 120 adolescents, Maharashtra: 66 and Madhya Pradesh: 54). IDIs and FGDs were audio-recorded, translated, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically. Adopting inductive and deductive approaches, a data-driven open coding framework was developed for thematic analysis.
Results
The study findings highlighted the crucial role of peer educators affiliated with RKSK by demonstrating their ability to act as innovators, communicators and navigators to promote the well-being of adolescents and the community during the pandemic. They contributed beyond their predefined roles and responsibilities within the RKSK. They supported frontline healthcare workers in raising awareness and promoting COVID-19-appropriate behaviours in the community. Amid the lockdown, they ensured access to menstrual hygiene products for adolescent girls, distributed essential groceries and medications to the needy members of the community, and generated employment opportunities for families by providing opportunities to make masks. Additionally, considering their technology competence, peer educators supported health workers in the registration process for beneficiaries on the COWIN platform. Furthermore, study findings demonstrated that they acted as a navigator to the health system. By getting their first dose and spreading awareness and busting myths about vaccines, they served as role models and helped to reduce vaccine hesitancy in the community.
Conclusion
Despite their unpreparedness, peer educators demonstrated their tenacity during COVID-19. Their ability to act responsibly and support frontline health workers underscores the potential of further honing their skills to support the public health system. There is also a need to grant more visibility through awards, incentives, skill courses and additional grades through Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) to sustain the momentum of work within RKSK and beyond.
Assessing the Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Incidental Lung Nodules at an Urban Safety Net Hospital
Authors: Fernandes Mateus , Milla Cristian , Gubran Ahmed , Barrazueta Sandra , Altonen Brian , DiVittis Anthony , Team Woodhull Resident Research , Kuperberg Stephen
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Lower socioeconomic status has been identified as an emerging risk factor for health disparities, including lung cancer outcomes. Most research investigating these outcomes includes patients from formal lung cancer screening programs. There is a paucity of studies assessing the relationship between socioeconomic status and incidental lung nodules. This study aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and the size of incidental lung nodules on initial presentation at an urban safety net hospital, which did not have a formal lung cancer screening program or incidental lung nodule program.
Methods:
A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with incidental lung nodules on CT chest imaging who were referred from primary care to a pulmonology clinic at a safety net hospital. Patients with incomplete nodule characteristics information were excluded. Data on demographics, comorbidities, smoking history, insurance type, immigration status, and geographical factors were collected. Less commonly studied determinants such as crime index, cost of living, and air quality index were also assessed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess relationships between nodule size and socioeconomic determinants.
Results:
Out of 3,490 patients with chest CT scans, 268 patients with ILNs were included in the study. 84.7% of patients represented racial or ethnic minorities, and most patients (67.8%) had federal insurance. Patients with non-commercial insurance were more likely to have larger, inherently higher-risk nodules (> 8mm) compared to those with commercial insurance (OR 2.18, p 0.01). Patients from areas with higher unemployment rates were also less likely (OR 0.75, p 0.04) to have smaller nodules (< 6mm). Patients representing racial or ethnic minorities were also more likely to have nodules > 8mm (OR 1.6, p 0.24), and less likely to have nodules < 6mm (OR 0.6, p 0.32), however, these relationships were not statistically significant.
Conclusion:
This study found that lower socioeconomic status, indicated by having non-commercial insurance, was associated with larger incidental lung nodule size on initial presentation. While it is established that socioeconomic status is associated with disparities in lung cancer screening, these findings suggest that inequalities may also be present in those with incidental lung nodules. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and develop interventions to address these disparities in incidental lung nodule outcomes.
Meteorological effects on the performance of a solid-state α ― detector measuring water samples with predefined radon concentration
Authors: Masevhe Livhuwani , Mavunda Risimati Dazmen , Connell Simon
Published: September 2023

The current study validates an α-spectrometry method by assessing the functionality and response of a solid-state alpha detector to known Radon concentrations, outdoor weather conditions and varied sample volumes. These all have an influence on the sample’s behaviour inside the detector. Five samples of water with known radon concentrations (ranged from 90.66±7.20 mBq.l−1 to 314.65±24.6 mBq.l− 1) were used. The experimental setup used a radon-stripping unit connected to a continuous radon monitor, which measured the 222Rn in the water by counting α-particles emitted by its progeny in secular equilibrium. The effects of meteorological parameters such as the sample concentrations and volume, internal temperature and relative humidity inside the detector were observed. The analysis of the fluctuations of temperature and relative humidity in the detection chamber were found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions and outcomes of other previous studies. To calibrate the detector of choice, the same standard samples were measured by a liquid scintillation counter (LSC) which was considered as a reference detector in the current study. The two techniques gave similar trends in the results. The LSC results appeared to be consistently lower than those of the α-spectrometry as seen by the RAD-7 device. The α-spectrometry system based on a solid-state detector had a good resolution of the peaks (FWHM of 18.61 keV and 20.93 keV) which was better than that of LSC (FWHM 166 keV) whose peaks could not be resolved. The energy-tailing of the LCS spectrum caused by Compton Scattering led to a higher count-rate of 4.11 cpm for the LSC compared to 0.71 cpm for the RAD-7. The study demonstrated that α-spectrometry method as deployed in the RAD-7 device is the most suitable equipment for the measurement of radon concentration in water because of its superior sensitivity.
Investigation of clean energy production in drinking water networks
Authors: Sume Veli , Daneshfaraz Rasoul , Kerim Ali , Abbaszadeh Hamidreza , Abraham John
Published: September 2023

Viable renewable energy sources are low-cost, easy to install, clean, and reliable energy sources that are able to meet the energy demand of urban or rural areas. Water resources are efficient sources of electrical energy among alternative renewable energy sources. Using modern hydraulic techniques, drinking water can be transported to the areas where it is needed. Studies on obtaining energy from drinking water networks are quite limited. Although not as necessary as water in terms or human health, electrical power is still critically important in my applications (lighting, heating, cooling, etc). Consequently, many countries develop energy using various renewable energy sources. In this study, a water distribution network in the Armağan Village of Maçka district of Trabzon province were used to obtain electrical energy. There are 47 pressure breaking valves (PBVs) in this network and the broken energy height is 236.35m. The same energy loss can be achieved by installing microturbines instead of PBVs, and electricity generation can thus be achieved with a clean energy source. It was found that 84.12kWh of energy was obtained from each PBV, with a total of, 3953.64kWh. The most suitable microturbine was selected according to soundmicroturbine selection criteria. From this study, it has been revealed that electricity can be produced by using a Pelton Microturbine instead of Pressure Breaker Valves (PBV).
Impact of Vision Screening Attitudes and Practices Among Pediatricians on Ophthalmology Referrals in Florida
Authors: Sharma Meghan , Huertas Laura , Savatovsky Eleonore , Grajewski Alana
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
In Florida, mandated school vision screening begin around the age of five. However, a joint statement in the ophthalmology community recommends that primary care providers, including pediatricians, screen for eye and vision symptoms and signs starting at birth. This suggests that pediatricians may be the first to catch signs of early vision loss and refer pediatric patients to an ophthalmologist. This study aims to understand how current vision screening attitudes and practices of pediatricians in Florida may impact ophthalmology referrals.
Methods
A survey with 36 questions regarding was sent to pediatricians through digital newsletters to the Florida Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics and pediatric departments at Florida universities. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test was used to examine whether decreased comfort performing an eye/vision screening on a child was associated with lower rates of urgent referrals to an optometrist or ophthalmologist.
Results
46 responses were collected. 50% of respondents reported receiving no previous training on performing vision screening, and less than half of respondents reported feeling “somewhat comfortable” or “extremely comfortable” with performing the exam (48%). The trend between decreased comfort performing pediatric vision screening and lower rates of urgent eye care referrals was approaching significance (p = 0.0705). The majority of urgent referrals were provided by respondents who were somewhat or extremely comfortable with screening (65%).
Conclusion/Relevance:
While most of the surveyed pediatricians perform early childhood vision screening (78%), many report that they have never received training on performing the exam or do not feel comfortable performing them. Increased training on vision screening procedures may help improve comfort levels and preparedness regarding vision screening, which may encourage more urgent referrals to ophthalmologists from pediatric clinics.
Epichaperome-targeted Myocardial Imaging by 124I-PU-H71 PET
Authors: Mahajan Sonia , Grkovski Milan , Staton Kevin D. , Ravassa Susana , Domfe Kwaku Owusu , Strauss H. William , Humm John L. , Zanzonico Pat B. , Beattie Bradley J. , Cho Insang , Burnazi Eva M. , Fox Josef J. , Schöder Heiko , Osborne Joseph R. , Youn Trisha , Jhaveri Komal , Chiosis Gabriela , Dunphy Mark P.
Published: September 2023

Background
124I-PU-H71 is an imaging biomarker of epichaperome formation, localizing in tissues under chronic stress. A first-in-human positron emission tomography (PET) trial in cancer patients revealed unexpected tracer accumulation in the myocardium.
Results
Myocardial accumulation of 124I-PU-H71 was prominent in all patients, with median LVmyo SUVmean of 2.8, 2.5, 2.4 and 1.0 at 1-9min, 14-23min, 3-4hrs and 21-25hrs, respectively. Myocardium uptake peaked within 2 minutes post-injection, remaining sustained after 4hrs post-injection. Uniform tracer uptake was observed in LV and myocardial segments; with LVEF of 57.7±3.5%; no patients suffered cardiac events over subsequent 12-month period.
Conclusion
PU-H71 PET merits further study as a myocardial epichaperome biomarker, with potential application in drug development, and as biomarker in subclinical cardiac dysfunction.
Which government policies to create healthy diets from sustainable food systems have the potential to simultaneously address undernutrition, obesity and environmental sustainability? Results of an evidence review and international expert consultation.
Authors: Burgaz Celia , Dam Iris Van , Garton Kelly , Swinburn Boyd A. , Sacks Gary , Asiki Gershim , Claro Rafael M. , Diouf Adama , Martins Ana Paula Bartoletto , Vandevijvere Stefanie
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
A transformation of food systems is urgently needed, given their contribution to three ongoing and interlinked global health pandemics: (1) food insecurity, (2) obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and (3) climate change and biodiversity loss. As policymakers make decisions that shape food systems, this study aimed to identify and prioritise policies with double- or triple-duty potential to achieve healthy diets from sustainable food systems (SFS).
Methods
Through a compilation of international policy recommendations, a scoping review, online surveys and four regional workshops with experts, policies were identified and prioritised based on their double- or triple-duty potential, synergies and trade-offs. Using participatory and transdisciplinary approaches, policies were identified to have double- or triple-duty potential if they were deemed effective in tackling two or three of the primary outcome areas of interest: (1) undernutrition, (2) obesity/NCDs and (3) environmental sustainability.
Results
A list of 44 proposed policies for healthy diets from SFS was created, divided into two main policy domains: ‘food supply chains’ and ‘food environments’. Four synergies and 32 trade-offs were identified. The outcome area with the most trade-offs identified was ‘undernutrition’, followed by ‘environmental sustainability’, and ‘obesity/NCDs’. Of the top five expert-ranked food supply chain policies, two were perceived to have triple-duty potential: (a) incentives for crop diversification; (b) support for start-ups, and small- and medium-sized enterprises. For food environments, three of the top five ranked policies had perceived triple-duty potential: (a) affordability of healthier and more sustainable diets; (b) subsidies for healthier and more sustainable foods; (c) restrictions on children's exposure to marketing through all media.
Conclusion
This study identified and prioritized a comprehensive list of double- and triple-duty government policies for creating healthy diets from SFS. As some proposed policies may have trade-offs across outcome areas, they should be carefully contextualised, designed, implemented and monitored.
Malignities And Fornix: This Article Will Change Your Perspective To The Fornix
Authors: KILIÇ Abidin Emre , BİLGİN Ezel YALTIRIK , ÜNAL Özkan
Published: September 2023

Background
The aim of this retrospective study to share our eight years of experiences with primary and metastatic tumors affecting the fornix.
Methods
Between January 2015 and March 2023, 1087 patients, of both sexes, who applied to the radiology department and whose cranial MRI were obtained due to the preliminary diagnosis of intracranial malignancy, were evaluated retrospectively.The relationship of primary and metastatic tumors with the fornix was performed by two radiologists with 6 and 10 years of experience in MRI examination.
Results
Fornix involvement diagnosed in 29/1087 (2.66%) patients, fornix was affected by metastatic lesions in 14 patients (48.2%) and by primary tumors in 15 patients (51.7%). Metastatic lesions were localized only to the fornix in seven patients and localized with neighboring structures in eight patients. Lung cancer and breast cancer constituted the majority of metastatic lesions origin, other tumors were osteosarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, pleomorphic sarcoma and diffuse large B- cell lymphoma. Among all primary tumors, glioblastoma was the most common primary brain tumor invading the fornix, other diagnoses were diffuse astrocytoma, medullablastoma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Tumors affecting the fornix were detected at the time of diagnosis and with a wide range of up to 120 months after diagnosis. A retrospective evaluation of medical records revealed memory deficid in four patients.
Conclusion
The fornix can be affected by both metastatic and non-metastatic intracranial tumors. Knowing neuroanatomical relationships facilitates the evaluation of lesions affecting the fornix.
Changes in posterior corneal elevation and associated factors following small incision lenticule extraction in patients with high myopia and thin cornea: a prospective non-randomized clinical study
Authors: Zhao Jiao , Hu Budan , Mao Ke , Shui Dan , Tang Jing , Liu Min , Deng Tao , Fang Shuyi , Ye Nanjie , Duan Ruixing
Published: September 2023

Background
Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is a popular procedure for correcting myopia and myopic astigmatism; however, the cornea thins to varying degrees following SMILE surgery, and its postoperative stability may be affected. We investigated the safety and efficacy of SMILE in patients with high myopia and analyzed the factors influencing corneal posterior elevation variation (PCE).
Methods
This was a prospective non-randomized clinical study. Patients with a corneal thickness < 530 µm at the thinnest point of the right eye with a spherical equivalent (SE) ≤-3.00D (group A: ≤-3.00D, >-6.00D; group B: ≤-6.00D, >-10.00D) who underwent SMILE surgery between January 1, 2020, and May 31, 2021. We compared the difference in postoperative vertex PCE between the two groups and assessed the correlation between PCE variation (△PCE) and corneal biomechanical parameters.
Results
The preoperative SE was − 4.74 ± 0.63D and − 7.38 ± 1.22D in groups A (41 eyes) and B (37 eyes), respectively. PCE was 0.61 ± 2.07 and 0.16 ± 2.19 µm, and △PCE was 0.93 ± 1.13 and − 1.43 ± 1.07 µm in groups A and B, respectively, showing significant differences (P < 0.05). △A2L and △A2V (r=-0.41, -0.36; P = 0.02, 0.04) were correlated with △PCE. Stepwise regression analysis showed that △A2L was the predictor variable of △PCE (AIC = 0.8, P = 0.02).
Conclusions
SMILE surgery is safe and effective for correcting high myopia with a thin cornea. A2L may affect the variation of vertex PCE following SMILE surgery. The higher reduction in A2L leads to less PCE backward displacement.
Attributed Labeled BTER-Based Generative Model for Benchmarking of Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Andreeva Polina , Bochenina Klavdiya , Shikov Egor
Published: September 2023

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become increasingly popular for tasks such as link prediction, node classification, and graph generation. However, a number of models show weak performance on graphs with low assortativity measure. At the same time, other graph characteristics may also influence GNN quality. Therefore, it is extremely important for benchmark datasets to cover a wide range of different graph properties, which can not be provided by real-world sources. In this paper, we present a generative model for attributed graphs based on Block Two-Level Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi model. Our model allows one to vary larger number of graph structural characteristics (namely, clustering coefficient, average degree, average shortest paths length, label and attribute assortativity) in a wider range. Our attribute generative method can be applied to any other non-attributed graph generative model with community structure and allows to control attribute assortativity corresponding to structure of graph.
Utilisation of Prostate Cancer Care at a Public Health Facility in Ghana: A Qualitative Study of the Pull and Push Factors
Authors: Dumor Emmanuel Kwame , Amu Hubert , Puplampu Gideon , Aziato Lydia
Published: September 2023

Background
Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer among males across the world. It is a condition that comes with several physical, psychological and social challenges, and imposed a lot of financial burden on the patients and their relatives. We explored the pull and push factors influencing the utilisation of prostate cancer care among men.
Methods
The study adopted a qualitative approach to explore the utilisation of public health facilities for prostate cancer care at the Sogakope District Hospital, Ghana. Participants were purposively recruited. In-depth interviews were conducted in English and Ewe language, audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis with NVivo.
Results
The push factors for public health facility utilisation for prostate cancer care among participants include indecision, misconception, ignorance, fear of complication, financial constraint and herbal medication usage. The pull factors for public health facility utilisation on the other hand included belief in the health system, alternative medicine failure, participants’ desperations, healthcare accessibility, professional competence, financial support, and recommendation from others.
Conclusion
Several mitigating reasons as well as motivations contributed significantly to the utilisation of public health facilities for prostate cancer care in Ghana. To sustain, promote and accelerate the utilisation of prostate cancer care in public health facilities, there is a need for deliberate mass education on the condition, Ghana Health Service and healthcare professionals must improve upon the standards of care to sustain the patients’ trust, the government could also institute robust financial policies to lessen the burden of treatment costs and commit some resources into researches to determine the effectiveness of alternative medicine on prostate cancer care.
Myxedema Coma: A Rare Case Report of Severe Hypothyroidism in Uganda
Authors: Jayte Mohamed , Abdi Awil
Published: September 2023

Objective:in this report, we describe a case of myxedema coma in a 46-year-old Ugandan lady who had never before had hypothyroidism.
Investigations and medical care:The patient's first presentation included bradycardia, hypothermia, and a noticeably low Glasgow Coma Scale score. Laboratory examinations revealed severe primary hypothyroidism. Intravenous levothyroxine, hydrocortisone, and supportive care were the first steps in the treatment.
Results:After receiving therapy for one week, the patient achieved a full recovery. Thyroid function tests showed improvement back to normal range.
Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering myxedema coma in the differential diagnosis of altered mental status, even in resource-limited settings. Increased awareness, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate treatment can be life-saving in these cases.
A case of bilateral lambdoid and sagittal synostosis diagnosed with skull fracture after vacuum-assisted delivery: A case report and literature review
Authors: Nakamura N. , Harada A. , Maeno K. , Kyutoku S. , Ueda K.
Published: September 2023

Craniosynostosis (CS) can develop in the fetal period, but it is difficult to diagnose prenatally. In this case, a 3-month-old female baby developed extensive subgaleal hematoma and severe anemia after vacuum-assisted delivery, and her CT showed bilateral lambdoid sagittal synostosis (BLSS) with a depressed fracture of the right parietal bone. She was referred to our hospital for treatment of the CS, and at 4 months of age, she underwent bilateral lambda and sagittal suturectomy and foramen magnum decompression. CS may result in trauma at delivery, because CS disturbs fetal head molding during delivery and disrupts passage through the birth canal. In particular, the risk of severe peripartum trauma is thought to increase in cases of CS with multiple suture fusions, such as those observed in BLSS, because of the strong inhibition of this process of passage through the birth canal.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and changes in body mass index in Spanish children
Authors: Homs Clara , Berruezo Paula , Según Genís , Torres Silvia , Ribera Mar , Sauri Albert , Tejada Julen , Ródenas Juande , Juton Charlotte , Milà Raimon , Fito Montserrat , Gómez Santiago F. , Schröder Helmut
Published: September 2023

Background Unhealthy diets are a major driver of childhood obesity. On the other hand, the Mediterranean diet is considered one of the healthiest diets worldwide. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to analyze the prospective association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet at baseline and changes in standardized body mass index (zBMI) in children and the incidence of excessive weight in Spanish children.Methods This community-based cohort study was carried out between 2012 and 2014 with a mean follow-up of 15 months and included 1389 children from 8 to 10 years old. Weight and height were measured at baseline and follow-up. Adherence to the Mediterranean was determined by the KidMed index.Results Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a high increase in zBMI (5th quintile of change) was associated with lower odds of having vegetables once [OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.57–0.98)] or more than once a day [OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.49–0.95)], having nuts 2-3times/week [OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.56–0.97)] or 2 cups of yoghurts or/and cheese daily [OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.55–0.99)]. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a negative (β=-0.010, p = 0.040) association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet at baseline and changes in zBMI at follow-up, although the statistical significance disappeared (p = 0.082) after final adjustment for baseline zBMI. Conclusions: Baseline adherence to the Mediterranean diet was not significantly associated with the incidence of excessive weight (overweight and obesity) at follow-up. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was favorably associated with changes in zBMI in Spanish children, however the effect size was small.
Metabolomic changes in the peripheral blood of wild trapped badgers correlate with bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) infection status
Authors: Scott-Baumann James , Beckmann Manfred , Villarreal-Ramos Bernardo , Rooke David , Hewinson Glyn , Delahay Richard J. , Mur Luis A. J.
Published: September 2023

Background
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is the most significant infectious disease of UK cattle. Badgers (Meles meles) can also be infected by M. bovis and act as a source of infection for cattle. Management of infection risks could be supported by the availability of sensitive blood tests for bTB in badgers. Therefore, we aimed to identify novel metabolite changes for the diagnosis of bTB in wild, naturally infected badgers, based on peripheral blood.
Methods
Using flow infusion electrospray - high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS) to assess the peripheral blood of trapped wild badgers (n = 148) for metabolite changes linked to bTB infection status. Infection status was established by culture, Dual Path Platform (DPP) and interferon (IFN-γ) blood tests. Data were analysed by multivariate and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.
Results
Metabolite shifts were identified in badger blood samples associated with their corresponding disease status (as defined through DPP, IFN-y or mycobacterial culture). Biochemical pathway analyses suggested that sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism was enriched in bTB badgers. However, some individual metabolites appeared to change differently depending on badger sex.
Conclusion
Our data shows that metabolomic assessment of peripheral blood can indicate bTB infection status. With larger sample sizes our results suggest that the derivation of metabolites biomarkers to show badger infection status may be possible.
Uterine uptake of estrogen and progestogen-based radiotracers in rhesus macaques with endometriosis
Authors: Wilson Rachel Catharine , Link Jeanne M. , Lee Yueh Z. , Oldan Jorge D , Young Steven L. , Slayden Ov D
Published: September 2023

Purpose
Few investigations have examined the uptake of radiotracers that target the prominent sex-steroid receptors in the uterus across the menstrual cycle and with disease state. We aimed to determine if uptake of the radiotracers that target estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) differ with the presence of endometriosis and/or across the menstrual cycle. We performed PET and computed tomography (CT) imaging procedures on rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) using 16α-[18F]fluoroestradiol (FES) and 21-[18F]fluoro-furanyl-nor-progesterone (FFNP) in individuals with and without endometriosis in the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle.
Procedures
Macaques with either clinically diagnosed endometriosis (n = 6) or no endometriosis (n = 4) underwent abdominopelvic PET/CT scans with FES. A subset of these animals also underwent PET/CT scans with FFNP. Standard uptake values corrected for body weight (SUVbw) were obtained for each radiotracer in target and background tissues (i.e., intestinal and muscle). We performed repeated measure analysis of variance tests to determine how uterine and background uptake differed with scan time, phase of the menstrual cycle, and disease state.
Results
PET/CT could not resolve small, individual endometriotic lesions. However, uterine uptake of both radiotracers was elevated in the proliferative phase compared to the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. Intestinal uptake exhibited greater variation during the proliferative phase compared to the secretory phase. Further, intestinal uptake of FFNP increases as the scan progresses, but only during the proliferative phase. Muscle uptake did not differ with menstrual phase or radiotracer type. Lastly, macaques with endometriosis displayed higher uterine uptake of FES compared to those without endometriosis.
Conclusions
PET/CT with FES and FFNP support the concept that ER and PR levels are altered in individuals with endometriosis. This highlights the impact of the disease on typical reproductive tract function and may provide a novel pathway for the identification of individuals with endometriosis.
Hybridization chain reaction-based Label-free colorimetric sensor for detection of cancer marker p53 gene
Authors: Yang shijie , Jiang liying , Zhang pei , Ren linjiao
Published: September 2023

The p53 gene, a crucial tumor suppressor gene, plays a significant role in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and prognostic assessment. Accurate and sensitive detection of the p53 gene is essential for early cancer screening and diagnosis. To address the need for a sensitive, cost-effective, and scalable method for p53 gene detection, a label-free colorimetric sensor based on the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) in conjunction with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were developed. In the absence of the p53 gene, the hairpin DNA probes prevent the aggregation of AuNPs induced by salt through the interaction of single-stranded DNA at the sticky end with the AuNPs. Upon the introduction of the p53 gene, the hybridization chain reaction was initiated. The H1 and H2 hairpin probes were depleted and the AuNPs became exposed, leading to their aggregation when salt was added. This aggregation caused a color change in the solution from red to blue-violet. The concentration of p53 can be detected by monitoring the color change of the solution. The hairpin probes H1 and H2 for hybridization chain reaction were designed with P53 sequence as initiator. The reaction process of HCR was verified by fluorescence spectra and gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the naked eye visual detection limit of the sensor was 2nM, the quantitative detection limit by UV-visible spectrophotometer was 0.2nM, and the linear detection range was 0.2nM to 200nM with obvious specificity. Notably, this was the first time that an enzyme-free and label-free colorimetric method was introduced for this gene, greatly reducing the difficulty and cost of the experiment. which is very conducive to market application, and provides a new idea for the early large-scale screening of cancer genes.
Genome-wide Identification and Characterization of Wall-Associated Kinases, Molecular Docking and Polysaccharide Elicitation of Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids in Micro-propagated Catharanthus roseus
Authors: Ahmed Jawad , Sajjad Yasar , Latif Aasia , Lodhi Mohammad Saeed , Huzafa Muhammad , Situ Chen , Ahmad Raza , Shah Mohammad Maroof , Hassan Amjad
Published: September 2023

Wall-associated kinases (WAKs) play a pivotal role in signal transduction to regulate growth and defense responses in plants. WAKs have been identified and characterized in various plant species, however, similar information for Catharanthus roseus is scarce. Genomic, CDS, and protein sequences of WAKs were obtained from medicinal plant genomics resource using homology modelling and were named CrWAKs. 3D structure of CrWAKs was predicted using AlphaFold and docked against tri-galacturonic acid and chitosan. Micropropagated C. roseus plants were elicited with chitosan and tri-galacturonic acid to produce monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs). Three MIAs, namely catharanthine, vindoline, and vinblastine, were isolated, purified, and quantified on LC-MS. Expression profiling of transcription factors and genes involved in MIA biosynthesis and identified CrWAKs was performed using qRT-PCR. Analyses showed 37 putative CrWAK genes present in the genome of C. roseus, the majority of them localized on the plasma membrane. Phylogenetic analysis unfolded six clusters of CrWAKs. Diverse cis-acting elements, including those involved in defense responses, were identified on the promotor regions of CrWAK genes. The highest binding affinity (-12.6 kcal/mol) was noted for CrWAK-22 against tri-galacturonic acid. Tri-galacturonic acid stimulated 2.5-fold higher production of vinblastine, 6-fold upregulation of the expression of ORCA3 transcription factor, and 6.14-fold upregulation of CrWAK-22 expression. Based on the current findings it was concluded that expression of CrWAKs induced by biotic elicitors may have an important role in the production of MIAs, which may serve as a basis for functional characterization and mechanistic explanation of their role in the biosynthesis of MIAs upon elicitation.
Seedling Survival and Plantation Success in the Drylands of Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Berhe Daniel Hagos , Gidey Tesfay , Gebregziabher Dawit , Tesema Teshome , Anjulo Agena , Retta Abeba Nigussie , Tefera Amare Sisay , Okolo Chukwuebuka Christopher
Published: September 2023

We studied tree seedling survival rates and plantation success of Growth and Transformation Plan I (GTP I) (2011–2015) in the drylands of Northern Ethiopia. The study was carried out in six randomly selected districts of Tigrai that represents three agro-ecological zones; highland, midland and lowland. A biophysical survey was conducted to assess the survival rates of tree seedlings and the success of the plantation activity. The study employed both primary and secondary data sources. The results of the study showed that there were variations in the survival of planted tree seedlings among plantation sites of the same village, between the villages of the same district and among the districts. Thus, the regional mean survival rate of planted tree seedlings was 52% and ranged from 0 to 100%. The planting activity was not encouraging, and the reasons were lack of pre and post planting management, moisture stress, poor soil and site condition, planting unmanageable number of seedlings, weak law enforcement and lack of monitoring and evaluation mechanism. In the study area, four types of ownership were identified; private, communal, state and youth groups. Among the ownership types, private was the most successful while the communal was the least successful. For successful plantation, watering, pre and post planting management of planted tree seedlings and permanent employment of guards are important.
Existence of ‎N‎on-trivial ‎S‎olutions ‎to a ‎C‎lass ‎of ‎F‎ractional ‎p‎-‎Laplacian ‎E‎quations ‎of‎ Schrödinger-‎T‎ype‎‎ with a ‎C‎ombined ‎N‎onlinearity
Authors: Soluki Meysam , Afrouzi Ghasem Alizade , Rasouli Sayyed Hashem
Published: September 2023

In this paper‎, ‎we ‎consider‎ the ‎following ‎nonlinear‎ ‎fractional ‎‎‎p‎-‎Laplacian ‎equation of ‎Schrödinger-type‎‎
\begin{equation*}‎ (-\Delta)‎_p‎^s u‎ + ‎V(x)‎|‎u|^{p-2}‎u‎‎‎ =‎k‎(x){|u|}^ {‎\eta‎-2}u‎+ ‎f(x,u)‎, ‎\ \ \qquad \ x \in ‎\mathbb{R}^N‎ \\‎ ‎\end{equation*}‎ ‎
where 0 < s < 1 < η < p, N ≥ 2, V (x) ‎is a real continuous function on ‎$\mathbb{R}^‎N‎$‎‎‎‎. Based on some ‎assumptions‎ on n k, V and f we obtain the existence of non-trivial solutions ‎using‎ of the variational methods.‎
2010 Mathematics Subject Classifications: 35J05; 35J10; 35A15.
Preschool Education and Intra-household Children’s Influence Power
Authors: Reyna Edi Flores , Silva Maria Micheliana da Costa
Published: September 2023

This paper aims to identify the preschool's effect on the children's role in family decision-making. To do so, we exploit the educational reform caused by the Brazilian Constitutional Amendment N° 59 of 2009 and the Resolution of National Education Council CNE/CEB N° 2/2016, which make preschool attendance mandatory from 4 years old onwards. We drew our analysis sample from the Family Budget Survey (POF) 2017–2018 and used as the identification strategy the randomization-based Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) approach. We found evidence that preschool frequency may affect the children's role in family decision-making. The effect is approximately 0.059 and 0.073 standard deviations on the outcome regarding purchasing products of interest to children. We infer that preschool affects the children's bargaining power in the family decision-making process through improved human capital. Furthermore, we corroborated that children should indeed be considered in household demand analysis.
Código JEL: D04, D12, I2, J10