bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skin sensitizing properties of arylalcanoic acids and their analogues
Authors: Dooms‐Goossens A. , Dooms M. , Van Lint L. , Degreef H.
Published: April 2006

While participating in a clinical trial of suprofen, a new antiphlogistic agent, a 32‐year‐old atopic woman developed a severe contact dermatitis reaction of the hands to this substance. To check for cross‐reactivity patterns, patch tests were performed with similar arylalcanoic acid derivatives. Positive reactions were obtained for ibuprofen, ketoprofen, fenoprofen, naproxen, alclofenac, and metiazinic acid, which are all antiphlogistic and anti‐inflammatory agents for systemic use, and chlorambucil, which is an antineoplastic agent. The antigenic determinant seems to correspond to a very well‐defined structure: the carboxyl group (‐COOH) has to be separated from the aryl structure by at least one C atom (substituted or not). Furthermore, the aryl group must be substituted with different chemical groups but not in the orthopositions.
Contact allergy to hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate
Authors: Brandao F. M. , Camarasa F. M.
Published: April 2006

Two female patients with stasis dermatitis developed allergic contact dermatitis to hydro‐cortisone 17‐butyrale cream. Patch tests with hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate were positive, hut not with the vehicle. One patient was also allergic to two other commercial cortico‐steroids, but patch tests, revealed positive reactions only to ingredients or the vehicles.

Attention is drawn to the frequency of contact allergy to corticosteroids in patients with stasis dermatitis.
Human cutaneous vulvar reactivity to irritants
Authors: Britz Marie B. , Maibach Howard I.
Published: April 2006

To better understand the cutaneous react reactivity of vulvar skin, two chemical irritants were applied topically to 21 subjects. The forearm of each subject served as a comparative control. Test sites remained upon and were read at 24 hours. A significantly increased response to the irritants was noted on the vulvar skin.
Histological changes in rabbits after application of medicaments and cosmetic bases
Authors: Rantuccio F. , Scardigno A. , Conte A. , Sinisi D. , Coviello C.
Published: April 2006

A staged histological study of skin changes induced in rabbits by daily application of five bases used for topical medicaments and cosmetics, namely glycols, petrolatum, Modulan, Acetulan and Amerchol L 101, over periods of 100 days, is reported. Sections obtained every 10 days were examined for changes in the epithelium, in the character of the dermal infiltrate and in the superficial collagen fibers.

Glycols showed no particular effects on the skin; petrolatum produced acanthosis and vacuolization in the epidermis, and mononuclear cell infiltration of the dermis but evident collagen changes.

Lanolin derivatives produced acanthosis and vacuolization of the epidermis, with lymphomononuclear infiltration of the dermis and with dissociation of collagen; examination around the 30th day showed a tendency to basal layer disorganization by the infiltrate.
Nickel sensitivity: Relationship between history and patch test reaction
Authors: Kieffer Marianne
Published: April 2006

The prevalence of nickel sensitivity in 415 young adults was examined by patch testing with nickel sulphate 5% in pet. Before testing the persons filled in a questionnaire about personal or family history of atopy and skin reactions after metal contacts.

Nickel sensitivity was found in 2.8% of males and 9.8% of females; 13 mil of 28 persons with a history of metal contact dermatitis had negative patch test reactions to nickel eight out of 23 persons with positive patch test reactions to nickel had never experienced skin reactions from metal contacts.

These findings indicate that nickel sensitivity cannot be reliably predicted from pretest historical information.
Recently reported causes of contact dermatitis due to synthetic resins and hardeners
Authors: Malten K. E.
Published: April 2006

This study is a survey of recent literature and my own observations concerning dermatological risks of processing and producing plastics. A plea for understanding and cooperation is directed to manufacturers, jurists, occupational physicians, safety engineers, toxicologists, allergologists, dermatologists, industrial and hobby workers, purchasers, consumers and other people involved in order to reach optimal knowledge about risks of processing, warnings and safety procedures.
Type I allergy from cows in veterinary surgeons
Authors: Prahl P. , Roed‐petersen J.
Published: April 2006

Occupational contact dermatitis caused by obstetric work and/or contact with cows is common among veterinary surgeons. We examined serum from nine veterinary surgeons of whom seven gave a history of itching and flare of eczema after obstetric work and/or contact with cows. By means of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis the occurrence of specific IgE against cow hair and dander was demonstrated. The IgE did not differ qualitatively or quantitatively from IgE in serum from patients with allergic asthma from cows. Four veterinary surgeons with flare‐up of eczema during obstetric aid to cows did not have assignable s‐igE against bovine amnion or allantoic fluids.
Reduction of chromate in cement by iron sulfate
Authors: Fregert Sigfrid , Gruvberger Birgitta , Sandahl Evert
Published: April 2006

Cement dermatitis is connected with chromate sensitivity. It can therefore be expected that “elimination” of chromate in cement would decrease the number of cases of cement dermatitis.

Iron sulfate added to cement reduces the chromate completely and the 3‐valcnl chromium is precipitated. An amount of 0.35 % (w/w) iron sulfate, FeSO4. 7H2O, is enough to reduce 20 μg Cr6+/g cement. There is no technical side effect to the concrete. The iron sulfate is preferably added to cement when there is an intimate contact with skin, e.g. at floor laying, repairs and hand‐made casting.
Allergic contact stomatitis from gold dentures
Authors: Fregert S. , Kollander M. , Poulsen J.
Published: April 2006

Allergic reactions to metallic gold are rare and allergic contact stomatitis due in gold dentures is extremely rare. Two cases described below showed allergic contact reactions to gold dentures.
Bacteria and soluble oil dermatitis
Authors: Rycroft R. J. G.
Published: April 2006

Simultaneous investigation of the bacterial flora of a soluble oil in use as a metalworking fluid and of the skin of machine operatives exposed to that soluble oil did not support the hypothesis that bacteria in soluble oil emulsions colonise the skin and either initiative or maintain the dermatitis associated with soluble oil exposure.
Allergic contact dermatitis in veterinary surgeons
Authors: Hjorth Niels , Roed‐Petersen Jytte
Published: April 2006

Thirty‐six of 37 veterinary surgeons with incapacitating dermatitis had allergic contact dermatitis, mainly from antibiotics such as spiramycin, Penethamate BP and tylosin. Eight were sensitive to rubber materials.

Twenty of 36 had positive prick or scratch tests, mainly 10 animal hair. The atopic sensitivities were relevant to the contact dermatitis since most of those who have them develop contact reactions from cows’hair and from obstetric work with cows. Protein contact dermatitis seems to be an important predisposing factor for the development of incapacitating allergic contact dermatitis in veterinary surgeons.
Identification of contact sensitizers by animal assay
Authors: Magnusson Bertil
Published: April 2006

Guinea pig testing constitutes the first step in evaluating the allergenicity of new chemicals and products. Some of the most commonly used animal predictive tests are reviewed. The guinea pig maximization test, which is the recommended test method in Sweden, is described in detail and the interpretation of results obtained with this test is discussed. In the guinea pig maximization test the sensitization capacity of a substance is examined by the use of maximized conditions for i he exposure, i.e. the potential ability of the material to induce a contact allergy is determined. The extent to which an allergen causes contact dermatitis in exposed persons depends on the mode of use and various environmental factors.
Photosensitivity and allergy to aromatic lichen acids, Compositae oleoresins and other plant substances
Authors: Thune P. O. , Solberg Y. J.
Published: April 2006

Sixteen patients with verified light sensitivity to both UVB and UVA wavebands showed allergic reactions to various lichen plants (Parmelia spp., Hypogymnia spp. Pseuodovernia spp., Cladonia spp. Platismatia spp., Physcia spp. Umbilicaria spp. and Cetraria spp.). Among the aromatic lichen compounds, atranorin was observed to be the most frequently involved allergen, but also several oilier isolated lichen acids were immunologically active: d‐usnic, evernic, stictic, fumarprotocctraric, lobaric, salazinic, diffractaic and physodic/physodalic acid. Several patients showed allergy to other plant substances from other sources such as seven different species from the Compositae family, alantolactone, balsam of Peru, colophony and wood tars. Sensitivity to known photosensitizers was observed in four patients. Aromatic lichen acids are UV‐absorbing substances and several are evidently able to photosensitize human skin.
Work in ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Wulf Hans Christian
Published: April 2006

At 51 departments where work is being done in ultraviolet radiation for sterilization purpose (sterilamps). the light intensity was measured at 254 nm and at 300–400nm. A limit of 0.25 μW/cm2 at 254 nm has been set. In several of the workplaces this limit was exceeded without any decrease in the number of colony forming units, according to the 940 settling rate counts made.

The conclusion is that the use of UV radiation as an adjuvant to several other sterility measures has no effect, even when the limit is exceeded by 700%. It is advisable to use special working tables at which the person is not exposed directly to UV radiation.
Mercury exanthem as occupational dermatitis
Authors: Vermeiden I. , Oranje A. P. , Vuzevskj V. D. , Stolz E.
Published: April 2006

A patient developed an exanthem after inhalation of mercury vapors. Clinically and histopathologically the exanthem resembled an erythema exudativum multiformelike drug eruption.
Allergic contact dermatitis from Philodendron scandens KOCH et SELLO subsp. oxycardium (SCHOTT) BUNTING (“Philodendron scandens cordatum”)
Authors: Hammershøy Ole , Verdich Jesper
Published: April 2006

Allergic contact dermatitis due to Philodendron scandens KOCH et SELLO subsp. oxycardium (SCHOTT) BUNTING (“Philodendron scandens cordatum”) is seldom reported. In four patients with dermatitis, allergy to philodendron species was found through parch testing with leaves, stems and ether extracts from eight philodendron species. Although this allergy appears to be rare, it ought to be considered in patients with dermatitis on hands, arms and face.
Health screening for occupational dermatoses in house painters*
Authors: Högberg Margaretha , Wahlberg Jan E.
Published: April 2006

During 1976–77 a field investigation was carried out into skin diseases among house painters in Stockholm, Sweden. The study was divided into three stages: I. questionnaire investigation, II. examination of painters who reported skin diseases, and III. patch testing and final classification. Of the 2,622 painters registered on 30 November 1976, 2239 (85.4 %) answered the questionnaire. Current dermatoses were reported by 373 painters (16.7 %) and of these, 227 were examined by us, 40 had recently been examined, and 106 did not attend. Occupational contact eczemas were diagnosed in 87 cases, and it was doubtful if the dermatoses were occupational in an additional 56 cases. A prevalence of 3.9 % was suggested, but this represents a minimum figure. Chloracetamide was found to be an important cause of occupational contact eczema. A personal and/or family history of atopy was common among the affected painters. Solvents were widely used for skin cleansing; there is a great need for continuous information on protective measurements, and on skin cleansing and care. It is concluded that field investigations give higher and probably more reliable prevalence figures for occupational dermatoses than data compiled from outpatient clinics.
Contact allergy to atranorin in lichens and perfumes
Authors: Dahlquist I. , Fregert S.
Published: April 2006

Atranorin, one of the most common lichen substances, gave positive patch test reactions in eight subjects (1 %) in a routine series. These subjects also reacted to fumarprotocetraric acid and some of them to evernic acid. Stictic acid and usnic acid gave negative reactions. The lichen oak moss Evernia prunastri and an oak moss perfume gave positive reactions. Thin‐layer chromatography and a spot test indicated that atranorin is present in oak moss perfumes which are made from oak moss and tree moss. Contact with oak moss perfumes and lichens in nature may cause atranorin allergy. None of the eight subjects had a history of light sensitivity or atopy and none had chronic facial eczema.
Regulatory issues concerning AETT and 6‐MC
Authors: Eiermann Heinz J.
Published: April 2006

Acetylethyltetramethyltetralin, a widely used synthetic fragrance material, was found to cause neurotoxic effects in animals, 6‐Methylcoumarin, another fragrance material, was determined to be a photocontact allergen. Insufficient information on their usage, consumer exposure and likely hazard to human health under conditions of use impair regulatory decisions. FDA's ability to protect consumers against a health hazard is greatly influenced by the availability of such data.
Computer assisted monitoring of contact dermatitis patients
Authors: Dooms‐Goossens A. , Degreef H. , And J. Drieghe , Dooms M.
Published: April 2006

All contact dermatitis patients are told to avoid their specific allergens. As regards topical pharmaceutical agents, however, it is almost impossible for these patients to identify the products that contain their allergens. In order to provide reliable information for these patients, we have designed a computer assisted data system, The CODEX (COntact DErmatitis indeX) system consists of three computer readable files: a Product File containing the complete composition of the pharmaceutical products an the Belgian market that arc applied on the skin and the mucous membranes, a Patient File with the patient's anamnesis, and a Literature File with cross‐referenced material on contact dermatitis. Each patient is given a list of the products that contain his/her allergen(s). The data bases are analyzed statistically and updated periodically. Cosmetics in general are excluded.
Further studies of effects of vehicles and elicitation concentration in experimental contact sensitization testing in humans
Authors: Marzulli Francis N. , Mafbach Howard I.
Published: April 2006

Further confirmation of the effects of vehicles and elicitation concentration in experimental contact sensitization testing with fragrance ingredients is reported. A dose‐response relation was seen when sensitized human subjects were challenged with dihydrocoumarin, alantroot oil and diethylmalleate. Furthermore, alcohol was shown to be a more effective vehicle than petrolatum, when cinnamon bark oil, vetiver acetate and diethylmalleate were used in predictive tests. The relation of these findings to risk‐benefit judgments is discussed briefly.
A potent contact allergen of Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae)
Authors: Reynolds Gary , Epstein William , Terry Diane , Rodriguez Eloy
Published: April 2006

The major contact allergen of Phacelia crenulata (Hydrophyllaceae) has been identified as geranylhydroquinone. A maximization test of geranylhydroquinone showed this to be a potent sensitizer comparable in degree to poison oak/ivy urushiol. Comparative patch testing on humans with urushiol established that the Phacelia allergen does not cross‐react with poison oak or ivy.
Evaluation of the photocontact allergenic potential of 6‐methylcoumarin in the guinea pig
Authors: Maurer Th , Weirich E. G. , Hess R.
Published: April 2006

6‐Methylcoumarin was tested in a new animal model developed for the predictive evaluation of photocontact allergenic potential. Negative results were obtained and these are discussed with respect to inherent limitations of the animal model.
Allergic contact dermatitis from dipentene in honing oil
Authors: Rycroft R. J. G.
Published: April 2006

Three independent cases are reported of allergic contact dermatitis from dipentene in the same brand of honing oil. The manufacturers have since removed dipentene from the formulation and replaced it with a technical alternative.
Guinea pig maximization test open epicutaneous test and chamber test in induction of delayed contact hypersensitivity
Authors: Kero Matti , Hannuksela Matti
Published: April 2006

A comparison was made between the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT), open epicutaneous rest (OET) and chamber test (CT), and the allergens were neomycin sulphate and propylene glycol (PG). The sensitization rate for neomycin in petrolatum was 35 % in GPMT, 25 % in OET and 25 % in CT. The corresponding figures for neomycin in PG were 30 % in GPMT, 45 % in OET and 32 % in CT. PG caused no hypersensitivity in 118 guinea pigs. The results suggested that as a hygroscopic, irritant and penetrating vehicle, PG facilitates the induction of delayed contact allergy, especially in OET.
Dermatitis associated with Evans blue dye
Authors: Lupton George P. , Odom Richard B.
Published: April 2006

A 73‐year‐old woman developed an allergic contact dermatitis of the feet and legs 24 days following lymphangiography. Dermatitis was accompanied by a generalized urticarial reaction. Intracutaneous skin testing was positive lo Evans blue dye, used as a lymphatic marker, but negative to Ethiodol, an iodine‐containing contrast medium. Soft tissue x‐rays revealed extravasated Ethiodol in the left leg but not in the right, while dermatitis occurred on both legs. This finding, combined with the positive skin test to Evans blue, stress the importance of testing with both agents when dermatitis develops following lymphangiography, Intracutancous rather than epicutaneous testing is the indicated route and may be related in the mule of sensitization.
Contact urticaria from nickel and plastic additives (Butylhydroxytoluene, oleylamide)
Authors: Osmundsen Poul Erik
Published: April 2006

In two patients urticaria was elicited by contact with nickel‐containing objects. Chamber‐prick test with nickel sulfate 2.5% in pet. evoked a strong urticarial reaction in both patients.

In one of the patients contact with plastic articles also provoked urticaria. A 20‐min patch test with several articles of plastic (polyethylene and PVC) and with butylhydroxy‐tolutme (BHT) 1 % in ethanol elicited urticarial reactions. BHT is used as an antioxidant in plastic. Furthermore, open patch test with oleylamide (amide of oleic acid) 0.1 % in ethanol elicited a strong urticarial reaction in 20 min. This chemical is used as a slipping agent in plastic.
Immediate contact allergy to birch leaves and sap
Authors: Lahti Arto , Hannuksela Matti
Published: April 2006

Fresh sap and crushed leaf of birch (Bettilu verrucosa) were tested with the scratch chamber method in 117 atopic persons, 74 of whom were allergic and 43 nonallergic to birch pollen, and in 33 control patients.

Immediate positive reactions to birch sap were seen in 39 % and to leaf in 28 % of the patients allergic to birch pollen, in one of the birch pollen‐negative patients, but in none of the control patients. Birch leaves may cause contact urticaria in the Finnish sauna, where bath whisks made of birch sprigs are traditionally used.
Contact allergy to a stocking dye
Authors: Kousa Merja , Soini Marja
Published: April 2006

Fourteen eczema patients, 13 women and one man, were found to have contact allergy to a brown stocking dye which is a mixture of nitro‐ and aminodiazobenzene and aminoanthraquinone dyes. Eleven of the patients reacted to p‐phenylenediamine; nine of 12 tested reacted to aminoazobenzene, nine to Disperse Orange 3 and four to Disperse Yellow 3. Positive epicutaneous test reactions to the dye were found in five of 362 consecutive eczema patients tested (1.4 %).
Allergenic potential of abietic acid, colophony and pine resin‐HA
Authors: Karlberg Ann‐Therése. , Boman Anders , Wahlberg Jan E.
Published: April 2006

Resin acids are considered to be the main allergens in colophony (rosin). Tall oils also contain resin acids and may then be potential sensitizers. A resin acid concentrate (pine resin‐HA) together with Chinese colophony were included in our standard series and applied on 563 patients with contact dermatitis. Fourteen showed an isolated sensitivity to colophony and two to pine resin‐HA. Six patients reacted to both test compounds. Guinea pig maximization tests (Magnusson & Kligman 1969) showed that pine resin‐HA (2 series) was a grade I allergen, abietic acid a grade III allergen and colophony a grade IV allergen. The risk that the resin acids in tall oils would induce contact sensitivity to workers exposed to tall oil‐containing products like cutting fluids and cleansing agents is considered to be minimal.
Low humidity occupational dermatoses
Authors: Rycroft R. J. G. , Smith W. D. L.
Published: April 2006

Two separate instances of dermatoses associated with low humidity in the working environment are reported. In such cases alternative explanations for the dermatoses are often considered and mistakenly adopted.
Patch test sensitization to D & C Yellow No. 11 and simultaneous reaction to Quinoline Yellow
Authors: Björkner Bert , Magnusson Bertil
Published: April 2006

The quinoline color D & C Yellow No. 11 was added to a standard test series. Of 88 patients tested with 1 % in PEG. four showed unexplained positive test reactions. One patient had a “flare‐up” reaction after 1.4 days. At rechallenge he reacted to a dilution down lo 0.00001%. Simultaneous reaction with the chemically related commonly used food color Quinoline Yellow (E 104) suggests cross‐sensitivity.
Contact sensitivity to quinidine sulfate from occupational exposure
Authors: Wahlberg Jan E. , Boman Anders
Published: April 2006

Three workers exposed to quinidine sulfate became sensitized after short exposure times (2–3 months). They were patch test positive to quinidine in different vehicles, hut negative to the diastereoisomer quinine. Guinea pig maximization tests demonstrated quinidine and quinine to be grade V allergens according to the classification of Magnusson & Kligman, When challenged for cross reactivity, the animals sensitive to quinine did not react to quinidine. Among the quinidine‐sensitive guinea pigs, three of 20 (P > 0.05) reacted when challenged with quinine.
Comparison testing of soap irritancy using aluminum chamber and standard patch methods
Authors: Shellow William V. R. , Rapaport Marvin J.
Published: April 2006

Five soaps were tested for irritancy potential using both the aluminum chamber and a standard 21‐day patch testing method. One of the products showed marked potential for irritation after 21 days of patch testing but not with the chamber method of testing. An explanation of the varying results obtained by the two methods requires further investigation.
Lanolin of reduced sensitizing potential
Authors: Clark E. W. , Blondeel A. , Cronin E. , Oleffe J. A. , Wilkinson D. S.
Published: April 2006

Confirmation has been obtained that reducing the content of natural free alcohols in lanolin to below 3 % particularly in the absence of detergent residues, reduces the incidence of positive patch test reactions amongst selected lanolin‐sensitive skin patients by 99.3 %. Only one reaction out of 149 subjects was recorded.
Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis*
Authors: Ecker Richard I. , Winkelmann R. K.
Published: April 2006

Five elderly patients with recurrent and progressive erythematous patchy dermatitis had temporary flares of generalized erythema and associated positive patch tests. The histopathologic findings were of a distinct pattern of lymphocytic dermal reticulosis and chronic epithelial response. We believe this represents a potential pre‐Sézary state that can he recognized by the course and the histologic pattern.
Influence of topically applied corticosteroids on patch test reactions
Authors: Sukanto H. , Nater J. P. , Bleumink E.
Published: April 2006

Four commercially available corticosteroid preparations were assayed for their capacity to suppress patch test reactions with contact allergens (nickel sulfate, nitrofuralum, potassium dichromate, epoxy resin, wood tars and Maneb) in sensitized individuals (n=14). Beta‐methasone valerate, betamethasone dipropionate, hydrocortisone‐17‐buty rate and triamcinolone acetonide (0.05–0.7% solutions in isopropanol or ethanol) were applied under occlusion in amounts of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 ml, respectively. Hatch tests were performed on the pretreated skin sites. The patches were removed 24 h after application and the reactions were read 15 min and 24 h later.

The intensity of the reactions and the size of the infiltrated areas of the pretreated sites were measured and compared with those of a control patch test.

Topical application of corticosteroids was found to have a suppressive effect both on the intensity as well as on the size of the epicutaneous reactions. No marked difference in the suppression effect of the four corticosteroids could be observed.
Ethylene oxide dermatitis
Authors: Alomar A. , Camarasa J. M. G. , Noguera J. , Aspinolea F.
Published: April 2006

A case of contact dermatitis produced on the face of a patient after the application of an oxygen mask is described. This paper includes the results of epicutaneous tests, the identification of the possible etiologicai agent and chromatographic analysis of the samples sterilized by ethylene oxide.
Immune complex vasculitis and contact dermatitis to Frullania
Authors: Faure Michel , Dambuyant Colette , Chabeau Guy , Souteyrand Pierre , Tguviket Jean
Published: April 2006

In a man with a long history of contact dermatitis to Frullania, patch testing to Fruttania ililatata and eamarisci was followed by an acute diffuse leucocytoclaslic vasculitis (Gou‐eerot‐Ruiter disease). Histoimmunologic and immunologic findings, with the presence of circulating immune complexes and skin deposits of complement C3, C4 and Clq in dermal vessels, were in favour of an immune complex reaction.

The role of Frullania in this immune complex vasculitis is discussed; the incidence of such a vasculitis in patients with contact dermatitis is not uncommon, although poorly documented.
Compositae dermatitis
Authors: Arlette John , Mitchell J. C.
Published: April 2006

Clinical features, botany, phytochemistry, patch testing, ecology and the absence of a role for pollen in Compositae dermatitis are discussed with a review of current aspects of photo‐sensitivity for pathogenesis. It appears that the plants yield photoallergen(s) not yet identified.
Contact sensitization to benzoyl peroxide
Authors: Lindemayr H. , Drobil M.
Published: April 2006

The incidence of contact allergy to a 5% benzoyl peroxide (BP) gel has been studied by patch testing in 222 patients. Positive allergic reactions to BP were found in 3.1% of cases in a general clinical population (94 patients), whereas 5.8% of 69 patients with eczematous dermatoses were found to be BP‐sensitized. In a group of acne vulgaris patients having used a commercial 5% or 10% BP gel For a period of 12 days to 3 1/2 years (moan: 10.7 months), positive allergic reactions were found in three cases (5.1%).
Occupational dermatitis due to 1,2‐benzisothiazolin‐3‐one in the pottery industry
Authors: Roberts D. L. , Messenger A. G. , Summerly Roy
Published: April 2006

Three men working as mouldmakers in the pottery industry acquired a contact allergic dermatitis to a releasing oil. All three were shown to he sensitized to the biocide (1,2‐benzisothinzolin‐3‐one) in the oil.
Prognosis in nickel allergy and hand eczema
Authors: Christensen Ole B.
Published: April 2006

63 female patients with nickel allergy and hand eczema were reinvestigated 6 years after the primary investigation. 30% of the patients were healed. Patients with the pompholyx‐type eczema had the worst prognosis. The start of hand eczema was not correlated to any particular occupation. There was a strong correlation between a history of metal sensitivity and a positive patch test reaction. High frequencies of personal and family atopy were found, and atopy made the prognosis worse. Determination of serum IgE was not found to be of any use in predicting the prognosis in patients with nickel allergy and hand eczema.
The sensitizing capacity of helenin and of two of its main constituents, the sesquiterpene lactones alantolactone and isoalantolactone: a comparison of epicutaneous and intradermal sensitizing methods in different strains of guinea pig
Authors: Stampf Jean‐Luc , Benezra Claude , Klecak Georg , Geleick Horst , Schulz Kakl‐Heinz , Hausen Björn
Published: April 2006

The sensitizing capacities of helenin (an extract from a Compositae Inula helenium L.), alantolactone and isoalantolactone (two isomeric sesquiterpene lactones), were assessed by sensitizing guinea pigs of different strains: albino Himalayan spotted, Pirbright and Hartley. Both alantolactone and isoalantolactone are found to be sensitizers if injected intradermally. Only Pirbright guinea pigs showed a high sensitization rate by the open epicutaneous technique; with this method, alantolactone was the more potent sertsitizer.
Facial rash in visual display unit operators
Authors: Nilsen Avrid
Published: April 2006

A transient facial rash in six healthy female operators of visual display units is described. The cause has not been established, but circumstantial evidence strongly favours a link between the rash and the working conditions. A study performed to establish the aetiology is described.
Pigmented cosmetic dermatitis from contact allergy to a toilet soap containing chromium
Authors: Mathias C. G. Toby
Published: April 2006

A patient experienced repeated episodes of facial dermatitis with subsequent development of facial hyperpigmentation. A positive patch test to potassium dichromate strongly implicated chromium hydroxide, used as a pigment in a commercial toilet soap, as a contact allergen. Pigmented cosmetic dermatitis may result from repeated episodes of facial inflammation, due to contact allergy from cosmetics.
Contact allergic reactions to diphenylthiourea and phenylisothiocyanate in PVC adhesive tape
Authors: Fregert S. , Trulson L. , Zimerson E.
Published: April 2006

28 patients reacting to a PVC adhesive tape used in routine patch testing gave positive reactions to diphenylthiourea (DPTU) and to phenylisothiocyanate (PITC) in low concentrations. DPTU is a heat stabilizer in the PVC and is partly decomposed to PITC. The two substances were also found in another type of PVC. Thioureas giving isothiocyanates are also used in certain types of rubber. Isothiocyanates are present in plants, mainly of ihe Cruciferae family, and are also formed from thiuram sulfides and thiocarbamates. The connection between isothiocyanates derived from different sources should be investigated.
Dogger bank itch (3). Isolation, structure determination and synthesis of a hapten
Authors: Carlé J. S. , Thybo H. , Christophersen C.
Published: April 2006

Dogger bank itch is the popular name of an allergic contact dermatitis caused by sensitization to an allergen from the marine bryozoan Alcyonidium gelatinosum (L.). The dermatitis is a type‐4 allergic reaction and the hapten responsible has been isolated, purified, structure elucidated, and synthezised. A critical review of the literature is presented and possible future research, based on experiments with the pure allergen, is discussed.
Patch testing with European and American standard allergens in Japanese patients
Authors: Hirano Shigeru , Yoshikawa Kunihiko
Published: April 2006

256 patients with a clinical diagnosis of contact dermatitis were patch tested with European standard series allergens in a period from 1976 to 1979. Significant positive reactions were observed with all allergens, among which were paraphenylenediamine (7.8%), wood tars (7.8%), formaldehyde (7.0%), balasam of Peru (6.6%), neomycin (5.1%), ethylene‐diamine (0.8%), naphthyl‐mix (0.8%), mercapto‐mix and PPD‐mix (1.2%).

North American Standard Series allergens were also patch tested in another 178 patients in the years 1976, 1977, 1979 and 1980. Similar results were obtained with allergens common to both series and, of the others, ammoniated mercury (12.9%), thimerosal (9.5%), captan (5.6%), and hydroxycitronellal and Caine mix (4.5% each) were positive.
Treatment with disulfiram in chronic nickel hand dermatitis
Authors: Christensen Ole B. , Kristensen Mette
Published: April 2006

Eleven patients with nickel allergy and hand eczema of the pompholyx type were treated with disulfiram 200 mg daily for 8 weeks. 2 patients healed and 8 improved considerably. Mild relapses were observed in all patients within 2–16 weeks after discontinuation of treatment. Liver enzymes should be carefully monitored during disulfiram therapy.
Chronic urticaria Investigations with patch and challenge tests
Authors: Warin Robert P. , Smith Ruth J.
Published: April 2006

56 patterns with chronic urticaria were patch tested with particular reference to the immediate weal response to a range of materials and this was followed by challenge tests to most of the same substances.

Positive immediate patch tests were commonly seen with balsam of Peru and cinnamon and this appears to be a reaction in many normal subjects.

Positive challenge tests in patients who also had positive immediate patch tests to the same substance occurred in two patients with cinnamon and two patients with cloves. Other substances with a similar action may come to light‐ in which case the use of immediate patch tests in investigating chronic urticaria is more likely to be of value.

4 patients showed positive immediate patch tests to nickel, one of whom also had a positive 48 h patch test to nickel. 2 other patients had only positive 48 h patch tests lo nickel. However, none of these patients pave a positive challenge lest lo nickel.
Release of nickel into fluids stored in the reservoir of Dermo‐Jets
Authors: Lachapelle J. M. , Tennstect D. , Lauwerys R. , Cromphaut P. , Armuo F.
Published: April 2006

Release of nickel into triamcinolone acetonide suspensions stored in [he reservoir of a Dermo‐Jet® was demonstrated by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Increased urinary nickel excretion was found for three days following intradermal injections (with the Dermo‐Jet of triamacinlone acetonide in patients suffering from alopecia areata. The dimethylglyoxime test showed that the internal rod of the reservoir as. well as metallic internal parts of the nozzle leached appreciable amounts of nickel, even before any clinical use.
The Scandinavian standard photopatch test procedure*
Authors: Jansén Christer T. , Wennersten Göran , Rystedi Ingela , Thune Per , Brodthagen Holger
Published: April 2006

Recognizing the growing need for international standardization of photopatch testing techniques, a standard procedure has been used by Scandinavian dermatological clinics since January 1980. The set‐up includes a standardized patient examination scheme, including phototest evaluation of the patient's UVA‐ and UVB‐sensitivity, a standard photopatch tray containing 19 substances, and uniform techniques and criteria for the application and evaluation of the tests. Although modifications may be necessary in the future, preliminary experience with the Scandinavian photopatch set‐up has been encouraging, and several positive reactions to most of the substances used have been recorded in the first 350 patients tested.
Contact dermatitis to aloe arborescens
Authors: Shoji Akinobu
Published: April 2006

A 66‐Year‐old Japanese male with allergic contact dermatitis to Aloe arborescens Mill var. natalensis had generalized nummular and papular dermatitis after 20 days use of topical aloe jelly. Patch testing with aloe jelly a strong reaction in the patient, but was negative in 8 controls.
Occupational irritant contact folliculitis associated with triphenyl tin fluoride (TPTF) exposure
Authors: Andersen Klaus E. , Petri Michael
Published: April 2006

Triphenyl tin fluoride (TPTF) is a bioactive organo‐tin compound used in concentrations 2–12% as anti‐foulants in boat paints. The chemical is moderately tonic lo the skin.

An occupational irritant contact folliculitis from TPTF in a marine paint plant worker is described. Contact allergy was excluded by patch testing.

An attempt to reproduce the follicular reaction in man, rabbit and guinea pig was unsuccessful.
Contact allergy and depigmentation from alstroemeria
Authors: Björkner Bert E.
Published: April 2006

Alstroemeria plants have increased in popularity in recent years, but surprisingly few of contact allergy have been reported. Observations of combined sensitivity between Alstroemeria and Tulipa have given support to the assumption that they contain identical sensitizing agents. A patient working as a gardener developed a dermatitis from Alstroemeria. Patch tests with Alstroemeria were positive, but patch tests with Tulipa were negative. 2 months after test application, the patient showed depigmented areas at the test sites and at the sites of a previous dermatitis. The depigmented test areas remained unchanged at least a year after lest application Whether the depigmentation was due to some unique character of the molecular structure of the unknown Alstroemeria allergen, or to a unique biological characteristic of the patient, remains to be determined.
An anatomo‐clinical study of delayed skin allergic reactions to nickel following intradermal injections of lidocaïne with a Dermo‐Jet
Authors: Lachapelle J. M. , Tennstedt D.
Published: April 2006

10 women allergic in nickel developed skin reactions al injection sites with a Dermo‐Jet (Krantz® model) of (a) 2% lidocaïne solution and (b)0.9% Saline solution. 10 women (age‐matched) not allergic to nickel were selected as controls and submitted to the same injections; they had no positive reactions. Various controls (including injections with a needle and patch tests) were made in both groups. Nickel was leached into fluids from the metallic internal parts of the Dermo‐Jet. The positive reactions were allergic and due to nickel. Histology showed changes of an allergic contact dermatitis with particular features, probably due to the intradermal injection of nickel. Some practical implications regarding the quality of medical instruments are discussed.
Ampliative medicament allergy: concomitant sensitivity to multiple medicaments including yellow soft paraffin, white soft paraffin, gentian violet and Span 20
Authors: Lawrence C. M. , Smith A. G.
Published: April 2006

A patient developed multiple rare medicament contact allergies including sensitivities to gentian violet, yellow and white soft paraffin, and Span 20® (sorbitan monolaurate). Nickel sensitivity antedated these medicament allergies. The possibility that nickel sensitivity is a marker of a predilection to develop multiple medicament allergies was tested. We were unable to demonstrate an increased incidence of nickel sensitivity in a group of patients with 2 or more medicament allergies.
Studies on contact hypersensitivity in the guinea pig The cumulative contact enhancement test
Authors: Tsuchiya Shuichi , Kondo Mitsuo , Okamoto Kikuhiko , Takase Yoshio
Published: April 2006

A method to determine the quantitative induction and challenge of the allergenicity of externally applied toiletories and cosmetics, including their components, is described.

The experiment used oil‐soluble cinnamic aldehyde and water‐soluble formalin as allergens, and guinea pigs as the experimental animals. A high sensitization method resulted, carried out as follows. A 24‐h closed patch is attached to the skin every other day over a period of 2 weeks (a total of 4 applications). Freund's complete adjuvant is administered intradermally just before the 3rd application of the patch. The challenge step is performed by directly applying the test material.

This method was compared with other allergenicity evaluation methods. As a result, this method was found to be in no way inferior in sensitization performance to the other methods. The method was used cm perfume mixtures and tested for its evaluation effectiveness. It proved to be satisfactory.
Low humidity occupational dermatoses ‐ an epidemic
Authors: White I. R. , Rycroft R. J. G.
Published: April 2006

A large outbreak of a dermatosis amongst employees in a soft contact lens factory is reported. The itchy, scaly, red eruption occurred on the lace and neck, females with a fair complexion being most frequently affected. The condition was found to be the result of low relative humidity in the ambient atmosphere with additional local factors also involved.
Cross‐reactivity between sesquiterpene lactones related to parthenin in parthenin‐sensitized guinea pigs
Authors: Picman A. K. , Picman J. , Towers G. H. N.
Published: April 2006

The naturally‐occurring sesquiterpene lactone, parthenin, is responsible for a high incidence of allergic contact dermatitis in India. Cross‐sensitivity tests on guinea pigs sensitized to parthenin indicate a relatively high immunological specificity for this low molecular weight hapten. Coronopilin and damsin, sesquiterpene lactones most similar to parthenin, gave positive reactions but other structurally related lactones such as dihydroisoparthenin, tetra‐hydroparthenin, tetraneurin‐A, hysterin, helenalin, and tenulin, or hymenin, a diastereoisomer of parthenin, were negative.
Course of hand dermatitis in hospital Workers
Authors: Lammintausta K. , Kalimo K. , Aantaa S.
Published: April 2006

The occurrence and course of hand dermatitis in hospital workers was studied on the basis of the patient register of an occupational specialist and by a clinical follow‐up study. About 1% of all the hospital workers had had dermatitis, cleaners, kitchen workers and nurses most frequently. 54% of the patients who were clinically studied had suffered from periodic symptoms and 35% had current hand dermatitis. Those who had previous or present atopic dermatitis had most frequently developed dermatitis during the first year of their service. An atopic constitution seemed to predispose to the development of permanent or periodic hand dermatitis. The patients with sensitivity to nickel or fragrances had relapses in the majority of cases.

During the study period, the incidence of new dermatitis cases was constant, but the number of days sick leave showed a decreasing tendency.
Contact urticaria to formaldehyde
Authors: Lindskov Rune
Published: April 2006

A patient developed urticaria following exposure to formaldehyde vapour. Evidence is given that this compound releases histamine from the skin of susceptible persons. The action mechanism seems to be different from IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity, as the passive transfer test was negative.
Occupational contact dermatitis among rubber workers
Authors: Kilpikari I.
Published: April 2006

The occurrence of occupational contact dermatitis among workers in a rubber factory from 1976 to 1980 was studied. Insurance compensation was paid to 50 workers with dermatitis. 21 of the cases were allergic and 27 toxic contact dermatitis, giving a contact dermatitis frequency of 5.6/1000 workers. Paraphenylenediamine compounds were the main cause of allergic contact dermatitis and solvents the main cause of toxic contact dermatitis.
Results of routine patch testing of 200 patients in Toronto, Canada*
Authors: Nethercott James R.
Published: April 2006

The results of patch testing in 200 patients in Toronto. Canada are presented, revealing that sensitivity to metal, rubber and cosmetic components account for the majority of positive epicutaneous reactions. Differences in the incidence of positive reactions between these patients and others reported elsewhere are discussed.
Perfume allergy due to oak moss and other lichens
Authors: Thune Per , Solberg Y. , McFadden Noel , Stærfeet F. , Sandberg M.
Published: April 2006

During a period of 2 1/2 years, 7 of 2000 patients routinely tested at our laboratory revealed contact allergy to oak moss in perfumes. All reacted to a mixture of different lichens and to some specific lichen compounds. The sensitivity was probably induced by cosmetics containing lichen substances, The following 3 compounds caused reactions in all patients tested atranorin, evernic and usnie acids, 3 of the patients and complete protection against light, rather than by irradiation alone. The data suggest that the sensitizing capacity of the lichen compounds is primarily of a contact rather than of photocontact nature.
Skin burns due to wet cement
Authors: Buckley D. B.
Published: April 2006

4 cases of burn from prolonged contact with wet cement, one requiring skin grafting, have been between 1977 and 1980.
The spread of Composite (Compositae) weeds in Australia
Authors: Burry John N. , Kloot Peter M.
Published: April 2006

Many Composite weeds, vegetables and ornamental plants have been introduced to Australia Since European settlement began in 1788. The present distribution of 4 weeds known to cause contact dermatitis is recorded tin maps, and a short history of each is given. The relatively slow spread of these weeds is contrasted with the rapid spread of Parthenium hysterophorus which caused epidemic contact dermatitis in India and which has recently caused dermatitis in Northern Australia. Australian native Composite plants may play Mime part in the perpetuation of contact dermatitis initiated by weeds introduced into Australia.
Guinea pig maximization test: Podophyllum lignans
Authors: von Krogh Geo , Maibach Howard I.
Published: April 2006

The guinea pig maximization test was used to study the sensitizing potential of Podophyllum lignans; 0.5% of each drug in propylene glycol was used for induction and 0.01%, 0.05% 0.1% and 0.5% preparations for topical challenge. The 0.1% and 0.5% preparations caused non‐allergic toxic reactions associated with the cutaneous destructive influence of these drugs; allergic responses did not occur.
Biochemical and clinical studies in a case of contact urticaria to potato
Authors: Larks O. , Lindstedt G. , Lundberg P.‐A. , Mobacken H.
Published: April 2006

Contact urticaria to potato was confirmed by skin testing in a 26–year‐old male with atopic dermatitis, birch‐pollen rhinoconjunctivitis and a history of immediate finger itching upon handling raw potato. The potato peel was non‐reactive. The urticarial reactivity to potato could be transferred by the patient's serum in a Prausnitz‐Küstner test, indicating an immunological etiology. Electrophoretic and chromatographic examination of extracts from homogenized potatoes (unexposed to synthetic fertilizers and insecticides) revealed allergenic activity in a heat‐labile macromolecular fraction with a mass of 20‐30 kdalton migrating towards the anode during agarose gel electrophoresis at pH 8.6 with a mobility similar to that of human α1‐antitrypsin. The technique used for preliminary fractionation of the allergenic activity in a potato extract, similar to crossed immunoelectrophoresis, appears to be a simple and widely applicable technique for the characterization of proteins with this biological activity. A partially purified fraction with allergenic activity, seemingly more stable than the activity in crude homogenates, was obtained by gel filtration and preparative agarose gel electrophoresis. When an antihistamine was also injected, the urticarial reaction to the protein fraction was less pronounced. Pretreatment of the skin with compound 48/80, a histamine releaser, blocked the reaction. Histamine thus seems 10 be the major vasoactive substance mediating the contact urticarial response to potato antigen in this patient.
Epoxy‐dermatitis in a ski‐stick factory
Authors: Suhonen Raimo
Published: April 2006

In Finnish ski‐Mick factory with 293 employees, several persons had skin symptoms compatible with contact allergy, Epoxy resin proved 10 be the only potential allergen in the working environment.

The results of the study point to the important rôle of ski‐slick sawdust as the source of sensitizing, partly cured epoxy resin. The study also showed that not only hardeners, but also epoxy resin can cause immediate type of allergy.