bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Low-Frequency Ultrasonic Cavitation as an Alternative Method for the Treatment of Cervico-Vaginal Antibiotic-Resistant Mixed Infections
Authors: Kotenko N.V. , Borisevich O.O.
Published: December 2020

In the practice of a modern gynecologist, the problem of cervico-vaginal infections remains one of the most urgent. A causal relationship between the inflammatory process of the mucous membranes of the vagina and cervix and a possible unfavorable outcome in theform of a violation of the biocenosis of the vaginal environment has been clinically confirmed. Despite modern diagnostic technologies and the adopted tactics of two-stage treatment of cervico-vaginal infections, the cases of relapses is high. As a result, the chronic inflammatory process of the lower tract of the urogenital system negatively affects the reproductive health of the woman and the course of the pregnancy onset on the background of immunopathological disorders. Bacterial vaginosis, nonspecific or aerobic vaginitis, candidal vaginitis are often specific pathological processes that manifests on the background of an existing asymptomatic infectious disease. The article discusses topical issues of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mixed infections of the female reproductive system,and also highlights the topic of antibiotic resistance as a significant obstacle to the effective treatment of patients with infection of the urogenital tract. Possibilities and perspectives of using alternative methods of treating cervico-vaginal infections in outpatient gynecological practice are highlighted. The key points of application and beneficial effects of ultrasound therapy on the body are considered.
The purpose of describing a clinical case is to make a decision on the development of a project of a scientific and clinical study witha high degree of evidence, to create a working model for alternative method of physical medicine effectiveness assessment in gynecological practice on the example of the use of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation with antiseptic solutions followed by the use of a lyophilized culture of lactobacilli. The use of ultrasonic cavitation in clinical practice as an effective alternative method for treating infections of the urogenital tract in women is clearly demonstrated. The clinical effectiveness of the applied method was evaluated, the desired results were obtained in the form of a long-term relapse-free period and restoration of the normal vaginal biocenosis.
Biofeedback in Treatment and Rehabilitation of Urinаry Incontinence in Women
Authors: Krotova N.O. , Kuzmin I.V. , Ulitko T.V.
Published: December 2020

Urinary incontinence is one of the most common urological pathologies and reduces the quality of life of patients. In the development of stress and mixed urinary incontinence in women, an important part belongs to the failure of the pelvic floor muscles. Pelvic floor muscle training has changed the approach to treating these patients. Pelvic muscle training in combination with biofeedback (BFB) makes it possible to teach patients how to perform exercises correctly, increasing their effectiveness, as a result. This leads to a decrease in the duration of treatment and an improvement in the quality of life of patients. This review deals with mechanisms of urinary retention in women, and presents the pathogenetic rationale for the use of pelvic muscle training and biofeedback in the treatment of urinary incontinence in women. The possibilities of biofeedback therapy for urinary incontinence are shown, treatment methods are described in detail, and the analysis of current results of clinical trials is carried out. To date, it has been proven that the use of pelvic floor muscle training under the control of biofeedback is an effective, available and safe method of treating urinary incontinence inwomen.
Methods of Physiotherapy in the Treatment of Patients with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Fesyun A.D. , Kulchitskaya D.B. , Konchugova T.V. , Kiyatkin V.A.
Published: December 2020

The problem of treating patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) is highly relevant, since it is directly related to the reproductive potential of Russia. Despite the existence of different perspectives regarding the factors determining the occurrence of ED – organic or psychogenic, most researchers agree that this problem should be addressed in a comprehensive manner, involving not only the modern advances of drug therapy, but also various methods of physiotherapy. The accumulated experience of natural and preformed physical factors usage to correct ED requires generalization, since in modern medicine, questions of the reliability of evidence obtained fromthe results of scientific research come to the fore. The article analyzes scientific data on the effectiveness of various physiotherapy methods for ED correction, published in specialized Russian and foreign journals over the past 10 years. A number of studies are devoted to the impact of electrotherapy, ultrasound therapy and laser therapy not only in the form of monotherapy against the background of basic drug therapy, but also in the form of complex effects on the circulatory state, functional disorders and quality of life of patients with ED. Most scientific papers deal with rehabilitation treatment of patients with ED caused by a metabolic syndrome. Studies onthe influence of physical factors on erectile function in patients with chronic prostatitis are also presented. The review provides information concerning advantages of rehabilitation programs for sanatorium treatment of ED patients in comparison with outpatient treatment. Based on the analysis of scientific data, the authors conclude that further research on the study and development of new comprehensive programs, including physiotherapy methods, for the treatment of ED patients is appropriate and promising.
Application of the Mechanotherapy Devices Simulating Step-Like Movements in Combination with Electrical Stimulation in Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Authors: Daminov V.D. , Tkachenko P.V. , Nizametdinova A.A.
Published: December 2020

Summarizing the results of the world scientific data on this topic, the possibility to evoke step-like movements in the lower limbs of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) below the level of damage was noted. That was verified during electrical stimulation in combination with mechanotherapy, the electrodes application to the definite areas of spinal cord. In addition, we stated that these measures led to reduction of muscle hypertonus in the lower limbs, improvement of neuromuscular junction and tolerance towards increasing stimulation that were instrumentally confirmed. We stated that it is impossible to achieve the same effect using only one of these methods isolated. The first studies were carried out by implantation of epidural electrodes in the spinal cord, and later by a combination of electrical stimulation and step-like movements with the same frequency setting manually. During further technology development, stimulation became percutaneous, and the movements were carried out using robotic mechanotherapy. The advantage of this method is obvious: the specialist needs to set the initial parameters which are selected individually for the patient,to monitor the progress of the procedure and to fix changes. These devices include robotic systems which perform movements in the lower extremities with full and partial axial load. Currently a study of the device for robotic therapy in horizontal unsupported state is ongoing in rehabilitation clinic of FSBI NMCC n. a. N.I. Pirogov. Its excellence is support absense, the training is held in conditions of complete body weight unloading. Multimodal electrical stimulation is performed simultaneously with robotic therapy: percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the legs, back and abdomen muscles. It was stated that parameters of neurological status were improved significantly. This article presents the results of unsupported robotic mechanotherapy`s clinical testing in the SCI patients rehabilitation.
Ozone Therapy in Patients with the New Coronavirus Infection COVID-19
Authors: Hammad E.V. , Nikitin I.G. , Fedorova K.V.
Published: December 2020

Aim. In our work we seek to develop new approaches for treating patients with COVID-19. The first reports about new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, came out in China in 2019. It was recognized by WHO as a pandemic crisis on March 11, 2020. Currently, there is no standard therapy protocol for COVID-19 and the drugs are used off label.
Materials and methods. We have implemented ozone therapy into clinical practice as an adjuvant treatment regimen for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In our study, 19 patients received ozone therapy and 18 patients were members of the control group. All patients had a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 infection and were matched by the following features: sex, age, severity of symptoms, imaging data and clinical history. Patients in the study group received ozone therapy in the form of daily intravenous infusions of ozonized physiological solution (concentration: 2.2-2.4 mg/l).
Conclusion. We observed a statistically significant improvement in laboratory, radiological and clinical tests of patients in the study group compared to the control group on the 14th day. Thus, we have demonstrated the benefits of using ozone therapy in patients with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Taking into consideration the physiological processes underlying such approach, ozone therapy should be justified for both phases: the beginning and at the peak of the disease.
Son Osmanlı Mebusan Meclisi Seçimlerinde Trabzon Sancağı (İttihatçı-İtilafçı Mücadelesi)
Authors: KILINÇ Aslıhan
Published: December 2020

Osmanlı Devleti’nde ilk seçimler muhassıllık meclislerinde yapılmış olsa da halk genel anlamda 1908 yılında yapılan seçimlerde seçme hakkını kullanmıştır. Buna göre Osmanlı Devleti’nde seçim sistemi iki dereceli olarak uygulanmış olup söz konusu sistem 1946 yılına kadar geçerli olmuştur. Dolayısıyla Trabzon sancağında yapılan 1919 yılı seçimleri de bu kurallar çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Konu ile alakalı ATASE, TİTE, devlet arşivleri ve döneme ait gazetelerden tespit edilen bilgilere göre 1919 yılı seçimlerini genel anlamda Temsil Heyeti adına aday gösterilen Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti üyeleri kazanmıştır. Buna mukabil arşiv kayıtları ve döneme ilişkin gazetelerinin aktardığına göre İttihatçı – İtilafçı mücadelesinin yaşandığı Trabzon seçimlerinde Mustafa Kemal Paşa cephesi pek üstünlük sağlayamamıştır. Seçimlerde Trabzon sancağından yedi mebus seçilmiştir. Sakizade Hasan Bey, Nafis Müsteşarı Ahmet Muhtar Bey, Reiszade Ali Şükrü, Efendizade Ali Şefik Bey, müstafi Kaymakam Hüsrev (Gerede) Bey, Ordulu İsmail Bey, Dizdarzade Eşref Bey, Son Osmanlı Mebusan Meclisi’ne seçilen mebuslardır. Bu çalışmada Arşiv belgeleri doğrultusunda Trabzon vilayetine bağlı Trabzon merkez sancağında 1919 yılı seçimlerine giden süreç ve seçimler konusu ele alınacaktır.
Eleştirel Jeopolitik Çerçevesinde Akıllı Şehirler ve Şehir Jeopolitiği
Authors: OĞULTÜRK Mehmet Cem , ŞAHİN Güngör
Published: December 2020

Çalışmanın konusunu hem ulusal hem de uluslararası seviyede hızla artan şehir nüfusu ve şehirleşme ile ortaya çıkan yeni güvenlik risk ve tehditleri karşısında gelişen yeni yaklaşımlardan “şehir jeopolitiği” kavramı oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın önemi; güvenliğin genişlemesi olarak adlandırılan günümüzdeki güvenlik konularının çeşitlenmesi, güvenliğin derinleşmesi olarak adlandırılan artık bir bireyin bile küresel etki yaratabileceği aktör sayısının artması ile ortaya çıkabilecek risk ve tehditler karşısındaki yeni yaklaşım ihtiyacından kaynaklanmaktadır. Çalışma, şehir nüfusunun ve şehirlerin kapsadığı alanın artması sonucu; savaş, terör ve şiddet eylemleri gibi insan güvenliği konularının merkezinde yer alan şehirlerdeki yapısal şiddete yol açan problemlerin ortaya çıkarılması ve önlenmesi için “şehir jeopolitiği” yaklaşımını kullanmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın kuramsal çerçevesini; mevcut kuvvet-zaman-mekân ilişkisi bağlamında gelişen jeopolitik yaklaşım karşısında yeni ortaya çıkan güvenlik sorunlarıyla mücadelede alternatifler ve stratejik yaklaşımlar getiren eleştirel jeopolitik oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları; şehir jeopolitiğinin, şehirde güvenliğinin korunması ve sağlanması ile beraber şehrin her bakımdan yaşanabilir olmasında, ilgili aktörleri ve sorumluluk alanlarını net bir şekilde tanımlamak ve bu aktörler arasında iş birliği bilincini geliştirecek ortak dil yaratmak için araç olarak kullandığını belirtmektedir.
Sigorta Sözleşmeleri Standardına Göre Sigorta Muhasebesi
Authors: YILDIRIM Adem , ERYILMAZ Cengiz , BÜYÜKARIKAN Ulukan
Published: December 2020

Dünya’daki risk ve belirsizliklerin sonucunda ortaya çıkabilecek ekonomik kayıpların kontrol altına alınması ve olası ekonomik kayıpların karşılanmasında sigorta sektörü önemli bir role sahiptir. Oluşabilecek kayıplarda risk yönetiminin kolaylaştırılması ve finansal piyasalarda istikrarın sağlanması için sigorta sözleşmeleri gerekmektedir. Ancak sigorta güvencesi riske dayalı olduğundan dolayı oluşabilecek giderler riskin gerçekleşmediği sürece belirsiz kalmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, finansal raporlamadaki uluslararası gelişmelerin, Türkiye'deki sigorta işletmelerindeki muhasebe işlemleri üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışmada aracı kurumlar tarafından dolaylı prim üretimi, tazminat ödemeleri, reasürans işlemleri ve kazanılmamış primler karşılığı hesaplanması ve muhasebeleştirme işlemlerine ilişkin örnekler verilmiştir.
Representations of Quantum Affine Algebras in their R-Matrix Realization
Authors:   North Carolina State University, USA, Jing Naihuan , Liu Ming ,   South China University of Technology, China, Molev Alexander ,   University of Sydney, Australia
Published: December 2020

We use the isomorphisms between the R-matrix and Drinfeld presentations of the quantum affine algebras in types B, C and D produced in our previous work to describe finite-dimensional irreducible representations in the R-matrix realization.We also review the isomorphisms for the Yangians of these types and use Gauss decomposition to establish an equivalence of the descriptions of the representations in the R-matrix and Drinfeld presentations of the Yangians.
LOW-EMISSION BERTH ALLOCATION BY OPTIMIZING SAILING SPEED AND MOORING TIME
Authors: Hu Zhi-Hua
Published: December 2020

To investigate the relations among delay times (weighted by vessels’ handling times), the emissions during the vessels’ sailing and mooring in a Berth Allocation Problem (BAP) where the berth times and sailing speeds are formulated as decision variables. The vessels’ delay times are computed comparing to the vessels’ Expected Departure Times (EDTs); the sailing emission is determined by the sailing speed and distance; the mooring emission is positive to the mooring time at terminal. Multi-objective mixed-integer programs are established, and the nonlinear functions between emissions and sailing speeds are transferred to linear ones by the Second-Order Cone Programming (SOCP) method. Solution methods are further developed based on e-constraint and stage-based methods by considering the preferences of objectives. Four groups of experiments are conducted to demonstrate the formulations, effects of vessels’ handling times and EDTs on the solutions, and the reduced emissions affected by the number of vessels in the schedules. Experimental results demonstrated that the efficiency purpose is not absolutely conflict with the environment purposes for some instances, and so they can be pursued at the same time; improving the vessels’ handling efficiency help expand the ranges of berth times and sailing speeds, resulting in reducing the delay times and emissions; advancing the EDTs can improve the terminal operators’ service quality to shipping companies, while the weighted delay times and emission may be increased.
Orbital Distribution of Infalling Satellite Halos across Cosmic Time
Authors: Li Zhao-Zhou , Zhao Dong-Hai , Jing Y. P. , Han Jiaxin , Dong Fu-Yu
Published: December 2020

The initial orbits of infalling subhalos largely determine the subsequent evolution of the subhalos and satellite galaxies therein and shed light on the assembly of their hosts. Using a large set of cosmological simulations of various resolutions, we quantify the orbital distribution of subhalos at infall time and its mass and redshift dependence in a large dynamic range. We further provide a unified and accurate model validated across cosmic time, which can serve as the initial condition for semianalytic models. We find that the infall velocity v follows a nearly universal distribution peaked near the host virial velocity V
h for any subhalo mass or redshift, while the infall orbit is most radially biased when v ∼ V
h. Moreover, subhalos that have a higher host mass or a higher sub-to-host ratio tend to move along a more radial direction with a relatively smaller angular momentum than their low host mass or low sub-to-host ratio counterparts, though they share the same normalized orbital energy. These relations are nearly independent of the redshift  when using the density peak height as the proxy for host halo mass. The above trends are consistent with the scenario where the dynamical environment is relatively colder for more massive structures because their own gravity is more likely to dominate the local potentials.  Based on this understanding, the more massive or isolated halos are expected to have higher velocity anisotropy.
Constraints on the Abundance of 0.01 c Stellar Engines in the Milky Way
Authors: Lingam Manasvi , Loeb Abraham
Published: December 2020

Stellar engines are hypothesized megastructures that extract energy from the host star, typically with the purpose of generating thrust and accelerating the stellar system. We explore the maximum potential speeds that could be realizable by stellar engines, and determine that speeds up to ∼0.1 c might perhaps be attainable under optimal conditions. In contrast, natural astrophysical phenomena in the Milky Way are very unlikely to produce such speeds. Hence, astrometric surveys of hypervelocity stars may be utilized to conduct commensal searches for high-speed stellar engines in the Milky Way. It may be possible to derive bounds on their abundance, but this requires certain assumptions regarding the spatiotemporal distribution of such engines, which are not guaranteed to be valid.
Galaxy Sizes Since z = 2 from the Perspective of Stellar Mass Distribution within Galaxies
Authors: Mosleh Moein , Hosseinnejad Shiva , Hosseini-ShahiSavandi S. Zahra , Tacchella Sandro
Published: December 2020

How stellar mass assembles within galaxies is still an open question. We present measurements of the stellar mass distribution on kiloparsec-scales for ∼5500 galaxies with stellar masses above

up to redshift 2.0. We create stellar mass maps from Hubble Space Telescope observations by means of the pixel-by-pixel spectral energy distribution fitting method. These maps are used to derive radii encompassing 20%, 50%, and 80% (r
20, r
50, and r
80) of the total stellar mass from the best-fit Sérsic models. The reliability and limitations of the structural parameter measurements are checked extensively using a large sample (∼3000) of simulated galaxies. The size–mass relations and redshift evolution of r
20, r
50, and r
80 are explored for star-forming and quiescent galaxies. At fixed mass, the star-forming galaxies do not show significant changes in their r
20, r
50, and r
80 sizes, indicating self-similar growth. Only above the pivot stellar mass of

does r
80 evolve as r
80 ∝ (1 + z)−0.85±0.20, indicating that mass builds up in the outskirts of these systems (inside-out growth). The Sérsic values also increase for the massive star-forming galaxies toward late cosmic time. Massive quiescent galaxies show stronger size evolution at all radii, in particular, the r
20 sizes. For these massive galaxies, Sérsic values remain almost constant since at least z ∼ 1.3, indicating that the strong size evolution is related to the changes in the outer parts of these galaxies. We make all the structural parameters publicly available.
The Influence of the Secular Perturbation of an Intermediate-mass Companion. I. Eccentricity Excitation of Disk Stars at the Galactic Center
Authors: Zheng 郑 Xiaochen 晓晨 , Lin 林 Douglas N. C. 潮 , Mao 毛 Shude 淑德
Published: December 2020

There is a dense group of OB and Wolf–Rayet stars within a fraction of a parsec from the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the Galactic Center. These stars appear to be coeval and relatively massive. A subgroup of these stars orbits on the same plane. If they emerged with low- to modest-eccentricity orbits from a common gaseous disk around the central SMBH, their inferred life span would not be sufficiently long to account for the excitation of their high orbital eccentricity through dynamical relaxation. Here we analyze the secular perturbation of Galactic Center stars by an intermediate-mass companion (IMC) as a potential mechanism to account for these young disk stars’ high eccentricity. This IMC may be either an intermediate-mass black hole or a compact cluster such as IRS 13E. If its orbital angular momentum vector is antiparallel to that of the disk stars, this perturbation would be effective in exciting the eccentricity of stars with orbital precession rates that resonate with the IMC’s precession rate. If it orbits around the SMBH in the same direction as the disk stars, the eccentricity of the young stars can still be highly excited by the IMC during the depletion of their natal disk, possibly associated with the launch of the Fermi bubble. In this scenario, the IMC’s precession rate decreases, and its secular resonance sweeps through the proximity of the young stars. We carry out numerical simulations with various inclination angles between the orbits of the IMC and the disk stars and show that this secular interaction is a robust mechanism to excite the eccentricity and inclination of some disk stars.
First syntaxonomical contribution to the invasive Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle forest communities at its southern limit in Europe
Authors: Montecchiari Silvia , Allegrezza Marina , Pelliccia Veronica , Tesei Giulio
Published: December 2020

Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven), an invasive alien tree native to China, has become invasive all over the world and in Italy is present in all the administrative regions where it can form dense forest communities. Although there are several ecological studies on this species there is a lack of floristic-vegetational data for southern-Europe. The study presents the results of a floristic vegetational study on A. altissima forest communities of central Italy that aims to highlight the possible floristic-vegetational autonomy of these coenoses. The results have allowed the characterization of A. altissima coenoses at the ecological, biogeographic, syntaxonomic and landscape levels. These represent first A. altissima syntaxa described for the Italian peninsula and for southern-Europe. We propose two new sub-Mediterranean and Mediterranean associations comprised in the recently described alliance Lauro nobilis-Robinion pseudoaciae, in the Chelidonio-Robinietalia order and the Robinietea class: Asparago acutifolii-Ailanthetum altissimae: forest community with stratified structure and high canopy density on the warmer slopes of the hills in dry soil conditions and low anthropic disturbance and Aro italici-Ailanthetum altissimae: paucispecific forest communities with a monolayered structure typically found in agricultural, and peri-urban areas on pelitic, alluvial silty-sandy substrates, in conditions of edaphic humidity and high anthropogenic disturbance. The comparison with literature data highlights the autonomy of these associations of the sub-Mediterranean and Mediterranean alliance Lauro nobilis-Robinion pseudoacaciae alliance from the Balloto nigrae-Ailanthetum altissimae association of the Central and SE-European Balloto nigrae-Robinion pseudoacaciae alliance.
Ludomusicología: normalizando el estudio de la música de los videojuegos
Authors: Fernández-Cortés Juan Pablo
Published: December 2020

El estudio de la música de videojuegos ha alcanzado en las dos últimas décadas su madurez y aceptación en medios académicos. Esta subdisciplina, conocida comúnmente como Ludomusicología, se plantea aún preguntas básicas sobre cómo se puede investigar. Este artículo pretende dar a conocer la situación actual y reflexionar sobre algunas de las principales líneas de trabajo de los estudios sobre la música de los videojuegos y sus culturas, un campo de investigación en desarrollo permanente que, hasta la fecha, ha recibido escasa consideración en el ámbito académico hispánico.
Artificial Intelligence Based on Biological Neurons
Authors: Galiautdinov Rinat
Published: December 2020

The chapter describes the new approach in artificial intelligence based on simulated biological neurons and creation of the neural circuits for the sphere of IoT which represent the next generation of artificial intelligence and IoT. Unlike existing technical devices for implementing a neuron based on classical nodes oriented to binary processing, the proposed path is based on simulation of biological neurons, creation of biologically close neural circuits where every device will implement the function of either a sensor or a “muscle” in the frame of the home based live AI and IoT. The research demonstrates the developed nervous circuit constructor and its usage in building of the AI (neural circuit) for IoT.
Best Practices
Authors: J. V. Anchitaalagammai , S. Kavitha , S. Murali , S. Padmadevi , J. Shanthalakshmi Revathy
Published: December 2020

The internet of things (IoT) is rapidly changing our society to a world where every “thing” is connected to the internet, making computing pervasive like never before. It is increasingly becoming a ubiquitous computing service, requiring huge volumes of data storage and processing. Unfortunately, due to the lack of resource constraints, it tends to adopt a cloud-based architecture to store the voluminous data generated from IoT application. From a security perspective, the technological revolution introduced by IoT and cloud computing can represent a disaster, as each object might become inherently remotely hackable and, as a consequence, controllable by malicious actors. This chapter focus on security considerations for IoT from the perspectives of cloud tenants, end-users, and cloud providers in the context of wide-scale IoT proliferation, working across the range of IoT technologies. Also, this chapter includes how the organization can store the IoT data on the cloud securely by applying different Access control policies and the cryptography techniques.
Big Data IoT Analytics for Smart Cities With Cloud Computing Technique
Authors: C. Chellaswamy , V. Sathiyamoorthi
Published: December 2020

Currently, cities are being reconstructed to smart cities that use an information and communication technology (ICT) framework alongside the internet of things (IoT) technology to increase efficiency and also share information with the public, helping to improve the quality of government services citizens' welfare. This large, diverse set of information called big data is obtained by ICT and IoT technologies from smart cities. This information does not have any meaning of its own but a high potential to make use of smart city services. Therefore, the information collected is mined and processed through use of big data analytic techniques. The environmental footprints in smart cities can be monitored and controlled with the help of ICT. Big data analytic techniques help enhance the functionalities of smart cities and the 4G and 5G network provides strong connectivity for professional devices.
Big Data Issues
Authors: K. Karthika , R. Devi Priya , S. Sathishkumar
Published: December 2020

Various unimaginable opportunities and applications can be attained by the development of internet-connected automation. The network system with numerous wired or wireless smart sensors is called as IoT. It is showing various enhancement for past few years. Without proper security protection, various attacks and threats like cyberattacks threat causes serious disaster to IoT from the day it was introduced. Hence, IoT security system is improvised by various security and the management techniques. There are six sections in security management of IoT works. IoT security requirement is described intensively. The proposed layered of security management architecture is being defined and explained. Thus, this proposed architecture shows the security management system for IoT network tight security management for a network of the IoT which is elaborately explained with examples and about GDPR. In information security, intrusion recognizable proof is the showing of placing exercises that attempt to deal the protection, respectability, or availability of a benefit.
IoT Device Onboarding, Monitoring, and Management
Authors: Kesavan Selvaraj , J. Senthilkumar , Y. Suresh , V. Mohanraj
Published: December 2020

Deep learning models can achieve more accuracy sometimes that exceed human-level performance. It is crucial for safety-critical applications such as driverless cars, aerospace, defence, medical research, and industrial automation. Most of the deep learning methods mimic the neural network. It has many hidden layers and creates patterns for decision making and it is a subset of machine learning that performs end-to-end learning and has the capability to learn unsupervised data and also provides very flexible, learnable framework for representing the visual and linguistic information. Deep learning has greatly changed the way and computing devices processes human-centric content such as speech, image recognition, and natural language processing. Deep learning plays a major role in IoT-related services. The amalgamation of deep learning to the IoT environment makes the complex sensing and recognition tasks easier. It helps to automatically identify patterns and detect anomalies that are generated by IoT devices. This chapter discusses the impact of deep learning in the IoT environment.
Survelliance of Type I and II Diabetic Subjects on Physical Characteristics
Authors: Rastogi Rohit , Chaturvedi Devendra Kumar , Singhal Parul
Published: December 2020

The Delhi and NCR healthcare systems are rapidly registering electronic health records and diagnostic information available electronically. Furthermore, clinical analysis is rapidly advancing, and large quantities of information are examined and new insights are part of the analysis of this technology experienced as big data. It provides tools for storing, managing, studying, and assimilating large amounts of robust, structured, and unstructured data generated by existing medical organizations. Recently, data analysis data have been used to help provide care. The present study aimed to analyse diabetes with the latest IoT and big data analysis techniques and its correlation with stress (TTH) on human health. The authors have tried to include age, gender, and insulin factor and its correlation with diabetes. Overall, in conclusion, TTH cases increasing with age in case of males and not following the pattern of diabetes variation with age, while in the case of females, TTH pattern variation is the same as diabetes (i.e., increasing trend up to age of 60 then decreasing).
Comprehensive Introduction to Neural Networks
Authors: K. Rajesh Sai , Adapa Veneela , Kondaveeti Hari Kishan
Published: December 2020

Unknowingly, artificial intelligence (AI) has become an inevitable part of our lives. In this chapter, the authors discuss how the neural networks, a sub-part of AI, changed the way we analyse things. In this chapter, the advent of neural networks, inspiration from the human brain, simplification models of biological neuron models are discussed. Later, a detailed overview of various neural network models, their strengths, limitations, applications, and challenges are presented in detail.
A Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Approach for Finding Reliability in a Total Hip Prosthesis
Authors: Loubna Bouakkar , Hacene Ameddah , Hammoudi Mazouz
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, we assist the global extension of reliability optimization problems from the design phase of systems and sub-systems to the design and operational phases, not only of systems and sub-systems, but also of bio functionality design. This chapter investigates the relative performances of particle swarm optimization (PSO) variants when used to find reliability in the total hip prosthesis by finding the maximization of jumping distance (JD) to avoid dislocation and the minimization of system's stability to offer mobility. Statistical analysis of different cases of head diameters of 22, 28, 36, 40 mm has been conducted to survey the convergence and relative performances of the main PSO variants when applied to solve reliability in the total hip prosthesis.
Towards the Protection and Security in Fog Computing for Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Rama Subba Reddy G. , Rangaswamy K. , Sudhakara Malla , Anjaiah Pole , Madhavi K. Reddy
Published: December 2020

Internet of things (IoT) has given a promising chance to construct amazing industrial frameworks and applications by utilizing wireless and sensor devices. To support IIoT benefits efficiently, fog computing is typically considered as one of the potential solutions. Be that as it may, IIoT services still experience issues such as high-latency and unreliable connections between cloud and terminals of IIoT. In addition to this, numerous security and privacy issues are raised and affect the users of the distributed computing environment. With an end goal to understand the improvement of IoT in industries, this chapter presents the current research of IoT along with the key enabling technologies. Further, the architecture and features of fog computing towards the fog-assisted IoT applications are presented. In addition to this, security and protection threats along with safety measures towards the IIoT applications are discussed.
Fog Computing in Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Menon Maniyil Supriya , Pothuraju Rajarajeswari
Published: December 2020

Fog computing, often projected as an extension to cloud, renders its design to deal with challenges of traditional cloud-based IoT. Fog enlightens its features of low latency, real-time interaction, location awareness, mobility support, geo-distribution (smart city), etc. over cloud. Fog by nature does not work on cloud instead on a network edge for facilitating higher speeds. Fog pulls down the risk of security attacks. Industrial sector is revolutionized by ever changing technical advancements and IoT, which is a young discipline embraced by industry thereby bringing in IIoT. Fog computing is viable to Industrial processes. IIoT is well supported by the middleware fog computing as industrial process requires most of the task performed locally and securely at end points with minimum delay. Fog, deployed for industrial processes and entities which are part of internet, is gaining importance in recent times being titles as fog for IIoT. Additionally, as industrial big data is often ill structured, it can be polished before sending it to cloud resulting in an enhanced computing.
Challenges to Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Adoption
Authors: Shunmughavel V.
Published: December 2020

The industrial internet of things (IIoT) has made its development within a short span of time. Initially it was considered as a novel idea and currently it is a major driver in industry applications. It has created productivity and efficiency for industries worldwide. This innovative technology can become a practical reality if engineers overcome a variety of challenges. They are connectivity, cost, data integration, trust, privacy, device management, security, interoperability, collaboration, and integration. In this chapter, several facts behind the above-mentioned challenges are being explored and addressed.
Internet of Things for High Performance Net Zero Energy Buildings
Authors: B. L. Abhilash , H. L. Gururaj , Akella Vijayalakshmi , Goundar Sam
Published: December 2020

Due to globalization, demand per capita has increased over the decade; in turn, standard of living has been increased. The emission of carbon dioxide is increasing exponentially in construction industries, which affects the global ecological system. To reduce the global warming potential, net zero energy buildings are very essential. With respect to technological advancements in information technology, the internet of things (IoT) plays a vital part in net zero energy buildings. In this chapter, the various issues and challenges of high-performance zero energy buildings are elaborated using different scenarios.
Enhancing In-Service Tank Maintenance Through Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Gwaindepi Moses , Mushiri Tawanda
Published: December 2020

In the area of tank inspections across the industry, robots were introduced to replace human inspectors in selected operations. The technological gap in adoption of similar technologies by Zimbabwe's bulk fuel storage tanks operators motivated this research. The industry's current NDT practices were investigated, costs and inconveniences were identified, and improvements were explored. Operators of bulk fuel facilities and companies providing tank inspection services were engaged to establish the reasons for the gaps in technological assimilation. Emerging global technologies that enable in-service inspections were identified and their applicability to Zimbabwe's bulk fuel facilities was investigated. A combination of crawler based ultrasonic thickness tests for tank shells, and acoustic emission in-service tank bottom testing was observed to be the most convenient and relevant in-service tank inspection method for Zimbabwe's bulk fuel storage tanks industry. Internet-based remote connectivity and control was considered for data compilation, analysis, storage, and reporting.
Challenges in Evidence-Based Practice Education
Authors: Borba Helena H. , Tonin Fernanda S. , Pontarolo Roberto , Fernandez-Llimos Fernando
Published: December 2020

Evidence-based practice is a key element and indicator of high-quality patient care. Healthcare professionals must effectively acquire the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes to gather, assess, and interpret the best available evidence in order to ground their clinical decisions. Both achieving competency and delivering instruction in evidence-based practice are complex processes requiring a multimodal approach that may include traditional lectures, interactive teaching strategies, clinically-integrated teaching strategies, active learning. This chapter will provide a brief overview of the concepts of evidence-based practice, interpretation of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, grading evidence, and recommendations' strength. For each topic, teaching strategies or methods will be discussed.
Building the Pharmacy Workforce of Tomorrow
Authors: Paulino Ema , da Costa Filipa Alves , Rosa Mariana
Published: December 2020

The pharmacist is key in assuring a safe and effective supply of medicines, as well as their responsible use. As a direct provider of services, from primary prevention of disease to therapeutic monitoring, pharmacists work to ensure that the patient's drug therapy is appropriate, the most effective available, the safest possible, and most convenient. This chapter contextualizes the importance of aligning pharmacists' education with societal needs, considering the path to Universal Health Coverage and Sustainable Development Goal 3, and makes the case for investing in the pharmacy workforce of tomorrow. It presents a vision for pharmacy and its place in the healthcare system, linking this vision with a needs-based pharmaceutical workforce transformation program of work.
Relationships Between Academia and Professionals
Authors: da Costa Filipa Alves , Caramona Maria Margarida
Published: December 2020

Professional practice is regulated by associations with regulatory powers, namely the Portuguese Pharmaceutical Society (PPS). Education is regulated by the Ministry of Education, responsible for ensuring access to quality of education for all citizens across all professional spectra. Aiming to contribute to an improved continuity between education and the career pathway, from early phases to eventual specialization, the PPS, who represents the interests of all registered pharmacists, developed a new structure entitled the Education and Practice Platform (EPP). This structure includes one representative from each institution providing education in pharmaceutical sciences and all Councils of Specialty Boards of Practice. This chapter provides an overview of pharmacy education in Portugal, present the authors' view of strengths and limitation of the current educational system, and details the development of the EPP, presenting achievements to date, future plans, and expectations on the EPP's contribution on aligning education with societal needs.
Dimensions of Researches for Open Innovation in SMEs
Authors: Rahman Hakikur
Published: December 2020

Innovation has been treated as a recognized driver of economic prosperity of a country through the sustained growth of its entrepreneurships. Moreover, the recently coined term open innovation is increasingly taking the lead in enterprise management in terms of value addition and knowledge building. Foci of academics, researchers, and practitioners nowadays are revolving around various innovation models, comprising innovation techniques, processes, and strategies. This chapter seeks to find out open innovation research and practices that are being carried out circumscribing development of entrepreneurships, particularly the sector belonging to the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) through a longitudinal study.
Teach Less and Learn More
Authors: Rasiah Ratneswary , Somasundram Sotheeswari , Tee Kelly Pei Leng , Turner Jason James
Published: December 2020

This study aims to investigate the impact of assessments and instructional technology on a students' learning experience and the development of their graduate capabilities. In a disruptive employment market where there appears to be a mis-match between employer expectations and the graduate skill-set, the onus has fallen upon education providers to better align the capabilities taught in school with employer and employment market expectations. Using a survey-based approach to collect 118 responses, this research revealed the positive and significant roles played by assessments and technology in enhancing students' learning development of graduate capabilities, with the use of technology identified as the stronger influencer on student learning. The findings of this study are beneficial to educators and policy makers, providing insight into the individual and collective role of assessment(s) and embedding technology into the curriculum as means to address the skills gap which should inform further research into the graduate skills conundrum.
Dental Health Curriculum for Pre-Schoolers With Robot Application Intervention
Authors: Loy-Ee Carol Boon Peng , Ng Patricia Mui Hoon
Published: December 2020

Owing to unhealthy self-care practices such as oral hygiene and diet, preschool children can be at high risk of having dental issues. As traditional oral health education focusing on spreading information and providing advice may not be as effective in making a sustained impact on young children, this study explores how incorporating an innovative element such as a robot game to improve on it can help. Using a quasi-experimental treatment and control group design, two groups of preschool children were compared for the effectiveness of the intervention in eliciting their knowledge of dental health and the behaviours in preventing caries. Findings and implications of this pilot study, the first of its kind on preschool children's dental health knowledge and the use of a robot application as an intervention to enhance the curriculum, are discussed.
Cybercrime
Authors: Ukwuoma Henry Chima
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the nature, effects, and dynamics of cybercrime in Nigeria and its effects to economic development in the country. The paper is sourced for secondary data through, journals, periodicals and publications as well as obtained primary data from the field. Primary data was sourced through the distribution of 66 questionnaires using the purposive sampling technique. Findings revealed that there exists an insecure cyberspace in Nigeria and the activities of the cybercriminals affects the economy negatively by discouraging Nigerians from partaking in electronic services/transactions, thus discouraging Nigerians from accepting the concept of digital economy. Findings also revealed that activities such as unauthorized access, hacking and cracking, online fraud, identity theft, cyber terrorism, amongst others were dominant threats in the cyberspace and finally the cyberspace provide jobs and by implication contribute to the socioeconomic development of the Nigerian State. Recommendations proffered include the federal government to train and retrain forensic experts in all financial/security agencies towards achieving a secured cyber space and the need for the federal, state, and local governments to create awareness amongst others.
Organizational Cyber Data Breach Analysis of Facebook, Equifax, and Uber Cases
Authors: Choi Young B.
Published: December 2020

Data breaches are events that have concluded in the compromise of personally identifiable information (PII) for millions of people globally. The consequences of such events can only result in certain serious outcomes, including identity theft. Such perilous outcomes highlight the importance of organizational entities accurately safeguarding and preserving the PII gathered from stakeholders or consumers. The user data breaches of Facebook, Equifax, and Uber concluded in the compromise of PII data for millions of consumers and employees, which are the most critical aspects that comprise any organizational infrastructure. This paper will examine the events leading to and transpiring after the data breaches of Facebook, Equifax, and Uber. In addition, the collective impact on every organization and its various incident management procedures will be addressed.
An Empirical Investigation of Innovative Management Practices of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs)
Authors: Modi Prateek , Rawani A. M.
Published: December 2020

Innovation is considered an essential activity for small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs). The contribution of innovation in the Indian economy is very noticeable. India is continuously improving and has jumped to the 52nd position in the overall world ranking in 2019. The objectives of this study are to identify the factors of innovative management practices indulged in SMEs to achieve innovation and to propose a framework for measuring firm performance in the region of Chhattisgarh state in India. Data was gathered using a self-monitored questionnaire survey and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) method using SPSS 20.0 software was applied to get the factors of innovative management practices. This study identified eight factors of innovative management practices involved in SMEs. Further, their reliability test and mean value analysis has been done. A conceptual framework of firm performance measurement is also presented at the end. Also, this study contributes a good amount of work in innovation management literature which will help scholars and academicians for future work.