bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photonic quasi-crystal terahertz lasers
Authors: Vitiello Miriam Serena , Nobile Michele , Ronzani Alberto , Tredicucci Alessandro , Castellano Fabrizio , Talora Valerio , Li Lianhe , Linfield Edmund H. , Davies A. Giles
Published: December 2014

Quasi-crystal structures do not present a full spatial periodicity but are nevertheless constructed starting from deterministic generation rules. When made of different dielectric materials, they often possess fascinating optical properties, which lie between those of periodic photonic crystals and those of a random arrangement of scatterers. Indeed, they can support extended band-like states with pseudogaps in the energy spectrum, but lacking translational invariance, they also intrinsically feature a pattern of ‘defects’, which can give rise to critically localized modes confined in space, similar to Anderson modes in random structures. If used as laser resonators, photonic quasi-crystals open up design possibilities that are simply not possible in a conventional periodic photonic crystal. In this letter, we exploit the concept of a 2D photonic quasi crystal in an electrically injected laser; specifically, we pattern the top surface of a terahertz quantum-cascade laser with a Penrose tiling of pentagonal rotational symmetry, reaching 0.1–0.2% wall-plug efficiencies and 65 mW peak output powers with characteristic surface-emitting conical beam profiles, result of the rich quasi-crystal Fourier spectrum.
Modulator-free quadrature amplitude modulation signal synthesis
Authors: Liu Zhixin , Kakande Joseph , Kelly Brian , O’Carroll John , Phelan Richard , Richardson David J. , Slavík Radan
Published: December 2014

The ability to generate high-speed on–off-keyed telecommunication signals by directly modulating a semiconductor laser’s drive current was one of the most exciting prospective applications of the nascent field of laser technology throughout the 1960s. Three decades of progress led to the commercialization of 2.5 Gbit s−1-per-channel submarine fibre optic systems that drove the growth of the internet as a global phenomenon. However, the detrimental frequency chirp associated with direct modulation forced industry to use external electro-optic modulators to deliver the next generation of on–off-keyed 10 Gbit s−1 systems and is absolutely prohibitive for today’s (>)100 Gbit s−1 coherent systems, which use complex modulation formats (for example, quadrature amplitude modulation). Here we use optical injection locking of directly modulated semiconductor lasers to generate complex modulation format signals showing distinct advantages over current and other currently researched solutions.
The development of a multiplex real-time PCR to quantify Fusarium DNA of trichothecene and fumonisin producing strains in maize
Authors: Preiser Viktoria , Goetsch Daniela , Sulyok Michael , Krska Rudolf , Mach Robert L. , Farnleitner Andreas , Brunner Kurt
Published: December 2014

A multiplex qPCR assay was developed for the quantification of trichothecene and fumonisin producing species of the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium.
Investigation of the adsorption behaviour of different types of dyes on MIL-100(Fe) and their removal from natural water
Authors: Jia Yaoyao , Jin Qing , Li Yan , Sun Yuxiu , Huo Jianzhong , Zhao Xiaojun
Published: December 2014

Metal–organic framework MIL-100(Fe) microcrystals were explored for the selective adsorption of different types of dyes from aqueous solution.
A metal-enhanced fluorescence study of primary amines: determination of aminoglycosides with europium and gold nanoparticles
Authors: Caglayan Mehmet Gokhan , Onur Feyyaz
Published: December 2014

This paper describes a lipoic acid capped europium nanoparticle-based assay for the fluorimetric detection of primary amines.
Polymeric assembly of hyperbranched building blocks to establish tunable nanoplatforms for lysosome acidity-responsive gene/drug co-delivery
Authors: Jia Hui-Zhen , Zhang Wei , Wang Xu-Li , Yang Bin , Chen Wei-Hai , Chen Si , Chen Gang , Zhao Yi-Fang , Zhuo Ren-Xi , Feng Jun , Zhang Xian-Zheng
Published: December 2014

A pH-reversible polymeric assembly approach was developed to build tunable nanoplatforms, based on the boronate-linked assembly between hyperbranched building blocks.
The utilization of copper flow reactors in organic synthesis
Authors: Bao Jennifer , Tranmer Geoffrey K.
Published: December 2014

A review which highlights the current research employing copper-metal flow reactors in bench-top organic synthesis.
Formation of a zwitterionic boronium species from the reaction of a stable carbenoid with borane: CO2 reduction
Authors: Ho Samuel Y.-F. , So Cheuk-Wai , Saffon-Merceron Nathalie , Mézailles Nicolas
Published: December 2014

Two stable carbenoid compounds are shown to be among the best catalysts for the reduction of CO2 into methanol derivatives using borane.
Growth and property characterization of CaNdGa3O7and SrNdGa3O7melilite single crystals
Authors: Shen Chuanying , Zhang Shujun , Wang Duanliang , Xu Tianxiang , Yu Haohai , Cao Wenwu , Wang Jiyang , Zhang Huaijin
Published: December 2014

Large sized CaNdGa3O7and SrNdGa3O7single crystals grown along the [001] direction and the piezoelectric coefficients of SrNdGa3O7as a function of temperature.
Changes in microstructure and physical properties of skutterudites after severe plastic deformation
Authors: Rogl Gerda , Grytsiv Andriy , Bursik Jiri , Horky Jelena , Anbalagan Ramakrishnan , Bauer Ernst , Mallik Ramesh Chandra , Rogl Peter , Zehetbauer Michael
Published: December 2014

Although electrical resistivity after HPT of DD0.68Fe3CoSb12 is higher, the lower thermal conductivity overcompensates resulting in a 20% higher ZT.
High-performance fullerene-free polymer solar cells with 6.31% efficiency
Authors: Lin Yuze , Zhang Zhi-Guo , Bai Huitao , Wang Jiayu , Yao Yuehan , Li Yongfang , Zhu Daoben , Zhan Xiaowei
Published: December 2014

A nonfullerene electron acceptor (IEIC) based on indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene and 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile was designed and synthesized, and fullerene-free polymer solar cells based on the IEIC acceptor showed power conversion efficiencies of up to 6.31%.
Parallel RNA extraction using magnetic beads and a droplet array
Authors: Shi Xu , Chen Chun-Hong , Gao Weimin , Chao Shih-hui , Meldrum Deirdre R.
Published: December 2014

Nucleic acid extraction is a necessary step for most genomic/transcriptomic analyses, but it often requires complicated mechanisms to be integrated into a lab-on-a-chip device.
Aberrant zinc binding to immature conformers of metal-free copper–zinc superoxide dismutase triggers amorphous aggregation
Authors: Leal Sónia S. , Cristóvão Joana S. , Biesemeier Antje , Cardoso Isabel , Gomes Cláudio M.
Published: December 2014

Aberrant zinc coordination to immature conformers broadens the population of SOD1 misfolded species at early aggregation stages.
Modulating glyoxalase I metal selectivity by deletional mutagenesis: underlying structural factors contributing to nickel activation profiles
Authors: Suttisansanee Uthaiwan , Ran Yanhong , Mullings Kadia Y. , Sukdeo Nicole , Honek John F.
Published: December 2014

Switching between the two metal activation classes of glyoxalase I by protein engineering using deletional mutagenesis.
Tuning viscoelastic properties of supramolecular peptide gels via dynamic covalent crosslinking
Authors: Khalily Mohammad Aref , Goktas Melis , Guler Mustafa O.
Published: December 2014

A dynamic covalent crosslinking approach is used to crosslink supramolecular peptide gels.
Simple bilayer on-chip valves using reversible sealability of PDMS
Authors: Moriguchi Hiroyuki , Kawai Takayuki , Tanaka Yo
Published: December 2014

Simple bilayer on-chip valves exploiting the reversible sealability of PDMS were realized by patterning the non-covalent area between two parallel microchannels.
Synthesis of ordered porous SiO2 with pores on the border between the micropore and mesopore regions using rosin-based quaternary ammonium salt
Authors: Wang Peng , Chen Shang-xing , Zhao Zhen-dong , Wang Zongde , Fan Guorong
Published: December 2014

Ordered hexagonal supermicroporous silica with nanosheet morphology has been synthesized with a type of rosin-based quaternary ammonium salt.
In situ spectroscopic studies of decomposition of ZrSiO4during alkali fusion process using various hydroxides
Authors: Wang Zirui , Xu Qian , Xu Min , Wang Shuo , You Jinglin
Published: December 2014

Spectra analysis shows that zircon decomposes into ZrO2and silane, and then silane polymerizes to form phyllosilicate in an alkali fusion reaction. The structure of alkali fusion products is relative to the electrons-afford ability of alkali in the reaction.
Synthesis of MIL-88B(Fe)/Matrimid mixed-matrix membranes with high hydrogen permselectivity
Authors: Xiao Yuanlong , Guo Xiangyu , Huang Hongliang , Yang Qingyuan , Huang Aisheng , Zhong Chongli
Published: December 2014

The incorporation of MIL-88B(Fe) can enhance H2 permeability but hinder the transport of CH4 in Matrimid-based MMMs, thus resulting in enhanced separation selectivity of H2–CH4.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of ortho-substituted diaryl N-(tert-butylsulfinyl)ketimines
Authors: Qin Jianfeng , Huang Liliang , Cao Yong , Sun Zhihua
Published: December 2014

A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of ortho-substituted diarylketimines has been developed under microwave irradiation.
3D electron microscopy investigations of human dentin at the micro/nano-scale using focused ion beam based nanostructuring
Authors: Sezen Meltem , Sadighikia Sina
Published: December 2014

In this study, high resolution electron microscopy techniques, such as Focused Ion Beam (FIB), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) allowed for revealing micro/nano features within human dentin with high definition and accuracy.
Li–Si thin films for battery applications produced by ion-beam co-sputtering
Authors: Strauß Florian , Hüger Erwin , Heitjans Paul , Trouillet Vanessa , Bruns Michael , Schmidt Harald
Published: December 2014

Amorphous LixSi (x= 0.4) thin films were produced by reactive ion-beam co-sputtering for use as anode materials in Li-ion batteries.
The electrocatalytic activity of IrO2–Ta2O5 anode materials and electrolyzed oxidizing water preparation and sterilization effect
Authors: Ren Zhandong , Quan Shanshan , Gao Jie , Li Wenyang , Zhu Yuchan , Liu Ye , Chai Bo , Wang Yourong
Published: December 2014

Ti/IrO2–Ta2O5 anodes with different contents and preparation temperatures were prepared for electrolyzed oxidizing water's preparation and sterilization in this work.
Antineoplastic agents 596. Isolation and structure of chromomycin A5 from a Beaufort Sea microorganism
Authors: Pettit George R. , Tan Rui , Pettit Robin K. , Doubek Dennis L. , Chapuis Jean-Charles , Weber Christine A.
Published: December 2014

Isolation and structure of chromomycin A5 from a Beaufort Sea microorganism.
Perovskite-based solar cells: impact of morphology and device architecture on device performance
Authors: Salim Teddy , Sun Shuangyong , Abe Yuichiro , Krishna Anurag , Grimsdale Andrew C. , Lam Yeng Ming
Published: December 2014

This review provides an overview of factors affecting film morphology and how together with device architecture they impact perovskite cell performance.
Ammonia borane modified zirconium borohydride octaammoniate with enhanced dehydrogenation properties
Authors: Huang Jianmei , Tan Yingbin , Gu Qinfen , Ouyang Liuzhang , Yu Xuebin , Zhu Min
Published: December 2014

The higher hydrogen purity and lower dehydrogenation temperature of Zr(BH4)4·8NH3 were achieved by combination with NH3BH3 (AB).
Sulfur-induced chirality changes in single-walled carbon nanotube synthesis by ethanol chemical vapor deposition on a Co/SiO2catalyst
Authors: Yuan Yang , Wei Li , Jiang Wenchao , Goh Kunli , Jiang Rongrong , Lau Raymond , Chen Yuan
Published: December 2014

Sulfur-containing compounds can be used as additives to significantly change the chiral selectivity and carbon yield in single-walled carbon nanotube synthesis.
Low temperature combustion synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene for metal-free catalytic oxidation
Authors: Indrawirawan Stacey , Sun Hongqi , Duan Xiaoguang , Wang Shaobin
Published: December 2014

A mild synthesis method was developed to improve metal-free catalysis of graphene in catalytic oxidation by nitrogen modification, which can be easily tailored by varying calcination temperature.
Continuous synthesis of size-tunable silver nanoparticles by a green electrolysis method and multi-electrode design for high yield
Authors: Huang Zhihai , Jiang Hao , Liu Peidang , Sun Jianfei , Guo Dawei , Shan Jieling , Gu Ning
Published: December 2014

We report the green electrochemical synthesis of size-controlled AgNPs by tuning the flow velocity in a continuous flow system, and an improved multi-electrode design for increasing the synthesis yield in unit time.
Porphyrin functionalized porous carbon derived from metal–organic framework as a biomimetic catalyst for electrochemical biosensing
Authors: Ling Pinghua , Hao Qing , Lei Jianping , Ju Huangxian
Published: December 2014

A novel biomimetic catalyst was designed by the assembly of porphyrin on porous carbon derived from metal–organic frameworks for electrochemical biosensing.
Polyelectrolyte-mediated hierarchical mesoporous calcium silicates: a platform for drug delivery carrier with ultrahigh loading capacity and controlled release behavior
Authors: Islam Md. Shahinul , Choi Ha Neul , Choi Won San , Lee Ha-Jin
Published: December 2014

Hierarchical drug carrier: a facile method for polymer-assisted controlled synthesis of mesoporous calcium silicate hydrates with a large specific surface area and pore volume was developed.
Facile synthesis of nanostructured carbon materials over RANEY® nickel catalyst films printed on Al2O3 and SiO2 substrates
Authors: Lin Jhih-Fong , Mohl Melinda , Nelo Mikko , Toth Geza , Kukovecz Ákos , Kónya Zoltán , Sridhar Srividya , Vajtai Robert , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Su Wei-Fang , Jantunen Heli , Kordas Krisztian
Published: December 2014

Films of porous RANEY® Ni catalyst particles deposited on substrates by stencil printing offer a facile platform for synthesizing nanostructured carbon/nickel composites for direct use as electrodes in electrochemical and field emitter devices.
In vitro screening of environmental chemicals identifies zearalenone as a novel substrate of the placental BCRP/ABCG2 transporter
Authors: Xiao Jingcheng , Wang Qi , Bircsak Kristin M. , Wen Xia , Aleksunes Lauren M.
Published: December 2014

The BCRP (ABCG2) transporter is responsible for the efflux of chemicals from the placenta to the maternal circulation.
Promoting Academic Achievement for Early Communicators of All Ages
Authors: Geist Lori , Hatch Penny , Erickson Karen
Published: December 2014

A review of best practices and recent research efforts provide guidance for serving school-age early communicators with complex communication needs (CCN) and significant cognitive disabilities (SCD). Our aim as SLPs working with students with CCN and SCD is to support the development of intentional and symbolic communication abilities and implement augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems that provide the means for interaction with a range of partners for varied purposes on a myriad of topics. Consistent exposure to knowledgeable communication partners who respond in meaningful ways to expressive behaviors leads the way for learning to use symbolic forms of communication. It is through our instruction and aided language input across a range of contexts that our students with SCD learn and assign meaning to the symbolic representations we teach. The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) have heightened expectations about what students with SCD should know and be able to do and offer contexts that emphasize communication as an integral part of learning. Meeting these expectations through active participation and interaction in all learning activities requires reliable access to systems of communication that support ongoing development of abilities as a speaker, listener, reader, and writer.
The Complexities of Fatigue in Children with Hearing Loss
Authors: Bess Fred H. , Hornsby Benjamin W. Y.
Published: December 2014

Fatigue is a common phenomenon in our society, and it can have a major impact on an individual's performance and wellbeing. Parents and teachers have long believed that children with hearing loss (CHL) are at increased risk for fatigue. One could easily speculate that toward the end of a school day, CHL may be “physically and mentally spent” as a result of focusing so intently on a teacher's speech, as well as conversations with other students. Moreover, the increased listening effort, stress, and subsequent fatigue experienced by CHL could jeopardize the ability to learn in a noisy classroom environment, thus increasing the risk for problems in school. Only recently, however, have we begun to see empirical studies supporting the notion that CHL experience more fatigue than children with normal hearing (CNH).

This review was developed to enhance the awareness of fatigue among those audiologists interested in serving CHL. To this end, we have presented an overview on fatigue in CHL, including its importance, definitions, prevalence, consequences, and recent developments. The complexity and multifaceted nature of fatigue has been highlighted and the need for additional research on fatigue in CHL is emphasized.
Pediatric Upper Cervical Spine Giant Cell Tumor: Case Report
Authors: Alfawareh Mohammad D. , Shah Irfanullah D. , Orief Tamer I. , Halawani Mohammad M. , Attia Walid I. , Almusrea Khaled N.
Published: December 2014

Study Design

Case report.

Objective

The purpose of this work is to report the case of a giant cell tumor involving the second cervical vertebra in a pediatric patient. Surgical management included a combined posterior and anterior cervical approach. There has been no recurrence in 2 years of follow-up.

Case Report

A 13-year-old girl presented with scoliosis with incidentally lytic lesion involving the second cervical vertebra. The radiologic investigations and biopsy result indicated a giant cell tumor of the bone. A combined posterior and anterior cervical approach was performed to resect the lesion, reconstruct the spine, and restore stability. Two years of follow-up revealed no recurrence of the lesion with stable reconstruction of the spine.

Results

The lesion was surgically managed for excision and spinal fusion by combining a posterior occipitocervical arthrodesis with an anterior retropharyngeal cervical approach. The final histopathology result confirmed a giant cell tumor of the bone.

Conclusions

Giant cell tumor involving the second cervical vertebra is uncommon; this tumor can be managed surgically by using a combined posterior and anterior cervical retropharyngeal approach. The presented case was unique in terms of the tumor location, patient age, and surgical management.
SU(4) based classification of four-level systems and their semiclassical solution
Authors: Sen Surajit , Ahmed Helal
Published: December 2014

We present a systematic method to classify the four-level system using SU(4) symmetry as the basis group. It is shown that this symmetry allows three dipole transitions which eventually leads to six possible configurations of the four-level system. Using a dressed atom approach, the semi-classical version of each configuration is exactly solved under rotating wave approximation and the symmetry among the Rabi oscillation among various models is studied.
Molecular dynamics investigation of nanoscale cavitation dynamics
Authors: Sasikumar Kiran , Keblinski Pawel
Published: December 2014

We use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the cavitation dynamics around intensely heated solid nanoparticles immersed in a model Lennard-Jones fluid. Specifically, we study the temporal evolution of vapor nanobubbles that form around the solid nanoparticles heated over ps time scale and provide a detail description of the following vapor formation and collapse. For 8 nm diameter nanoparticles we observe the formation of vapor bubbles when the liquid temperature 0.5–1 nm away from the nanoparticle surface reaches ∼90% of the critical temperature, which is consistent with the onset of spinodal decomposition. The peak heat flux from the hot solid to the surrounding liquid at the bubble formation threshold is ∼20 times higher than the corresponding steady state critical heat flux. Detailed analysis of the bubble dynamics indicates adiabatic formation followed by an isothermal final stage of growth and isothermal collapse.
Three axis electronic flight motion simulator real time control system design and implementation
Authors: Gao Zhiyuan , Miao Zhonghua , Wang Xuyong , Wang Xiaohua
Published: December 2014

A three axis electronic flight motion simulator is reported in this paper including the modelling, the controller design as well as the hardware implementation. This flight motion simulator could be used for inertial navigation test and high precision inertial navigation system with good dynamic and static performances. A real time control system is designed, several control system implementation problems were solved including time unification with parallel port interrupt, high speed finding-zero method of rotary inductosyn, zero-crossing management with continuous rotary, etc. Tests were carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed real time control system.
A zero-flow microfluidics for long-term cell culture and detection
Authors: Sang Shengbo , Tang Xiaoliang , Feng Qiliang , Jian Aoqun , Zhang Wendong
Published: December 2014

A zero-flow microfluidic design is proposed in this paper, which can be used for long-term cell culture and detection, especially for a lab-on-chip integrated with a biosensor. It consists of two parts: a main microchannel; and a circle microchamber. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed to predict the fluid transport properties for a minimum fluid flow disturbance. Some commonly used microfluidic structures were also analysed systematically to prove the designed structure. Then the designed microfluidics was fabricated. Based on the simulations and experiments, this design provides a continuous flow environment, with a relatively stable and low shear stress atmosphere, similar to a zero-flow environment. Furthermore, the nutrients maintaining cells’ normal growth can be taken into the chamber through the diffusion effect. It also proves that the microfluidics can realize long-term cell culture and detection. The application of the structure in the field of biological microelectromechenical systems (BioMEMS) will provide a research foundation for microfluidic technology.
Paramagnetic relaxation in anisotropic materials in zero and weak constant fields
Authors: Fokina N. P. , Khalvashi E. Kh. , Khutsishvili K. O.
Published: December 2014

Paramagnetic relaxation in strongly anisotropic materials is analytically investigated in zero and weak constant magnetic fields. The objectives of the microscopic analytical investigation are (i) the weak-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) linewidth and (ii) the electron spin relaxation rates given by a calorimetric Gorter type experiment in the zero constant field at the arbitrary low-frequency field directions, respectively, to the sample crystallographic axes. The EPR linewidth is calculated under the suggestion of its spin-phonon nature at the one-phonon mechanism of the spin-lattice relaxation in the case of the strong isotropic exchange interaction for the arbitrary direction Z of the constant magnetic field. The EPR linewidth is presented as the half sum of the zero-field relaxation rates, measured by the Gorter experiment with the low-frequency field oriented along the X, Y axes. With the help of the macroscopic consideration, it is shown that the zero-field relaxation rates describe the relaxation of the X and Y magnetization components in a zero or weak constant magnetic field. The relaxation rates of the magnetizations created along a,b,c crystallographic axes by a low-frequency field in a Gorter type experiment follow the obtained expressions in the particular cases and are in the experimentally confirmed relations with the EPR linewidth.
Superconductivity suppression in YBa2Cu3O7-δ/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 bilayer films
Authors: Sharma Minaxi , Sharma K. K. , Choudhary R. J. , Kumar Ravi
Published: December 2014

We study the thickness effect of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) in YBCO/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) bilayer films, fabricated on LaAlO3 (001) substrate using pulsed laser deposition technique. The thickness dependent transport behavior of YBCO layer in considered bilayer systems demonstrate a clear onset critical temperature at 60 K and 80 K for 100 nm and 200 nm thick YBCO layer systems, respectively, whereas 50 nm thick YBCO system reveals complete suppression in the superconductivity. With the increase in thickness of YBCO layer, the magnetoresistance (MR) data show both positive and negative MR. The positive MR in superconducting regime dominates the negative MR, suppress the double exchange interaction. The maximum magnetoresistance ratio ∼81% at 64 K and ∼47% at 30 K temperature are observed for 200 nm and 100 nm YBCO layers, respectively. In YBCO(200 nm)/LSMO(200 nm) bilayer specimen, the temperature co-efficient of resistance is ∼8.4% K−1 at 72 K which can be practical for bolometric performances and temperature sensors.
Interference-induced angle-independent acoustical transparency
Authors: Qi Lehua , Yu Gaokun , Wang Xinlong , Wang Guibo , Wang Ning
Published: December 2014

It is revealed that the Fano-like interference leads to the extraordinary acoustic transmission through a slab metamaterial of thickness much smaller than the wavelength, with each unit cell consisting of a Helmholtz resonator and a narrow subwavelength slit. More importantly, both the theoretical analysis and experimental measurement show that the angle-independent acoustical transparency can be realized by grafting a Helmholtz resonator and a quarter-wave resonator to the wall of a narrow subwavelength slit in each unit cell of a slit array. The observed phenomenon results from the interferences between the waves propagating in the slit, those re-radiated by the Helmholtz resonator, and those re-radiated by the quarter-wave resonator. The proposed design may find its applications in designing angle-independent acoustical filters and controlling the phase of the transmitted waves.
Geometrical and band-structure effects on phonon-limited hole mobility in rectangular cross-sectional germanium nanowires
Authors: Tanaka H. , Mori S. , Morioka N. , Suda J. , Kimoto T.
Published: December 2014

We calculated the phonon-limited hole mobility in rectangular cross-sectional [001], [110], [111], and [112]-oriented germanium nanowires, and the hole transport characteristics were investigated. A tight-binding approximation was used for holes, and phonons were described by a valence force field model. Then, scattering probability of holes by phonons was calculated taking account of hole-phonon interaction atomistically, and the linearized Boltzmann's transport equation was solved to calculate the hole mobility at low longitudinal field. The dependence of the hole mobility on nanowire geometry was analyzed in terms of the valence band structure of germanium nanowires, and it was found that the dependence was qualitatively reproduced by considering an average effective mass and the density of states of holes. The calculation revealed that [110] germanium nanowires with large height along the [001] direction show high hole mobility. Germanium nanowires with this geometry are also expected to exhibit high electron mobility in our previous work, and thus they are promising for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) applications.
Enhancing mid-infrared spectral response at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface by magnetic field
Authors: Feng Xin , Wu Shi-Xiang , Zhao Kun , Ni Hao , Xi Jian-Feng , Xiang Wen-Feng , Lu Zhi-Qing , Sun Qi
Published: December 2014

Many unexpected properties have been found in the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure, but the interaction of the many ground states at its interface remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate an optical property of this n-type heterostructure where the mid-infrared spectral responsivity at the interface is enhanced by an external magnetic field. The field intensity ranged from 0.8 to 6 kOe at a low temperature (19 K) as measured with our spectral response measurement system. Two spectral peaks related to the spin-orbit coupling effect were also observed at wavelengths 2400 nm and 3700 nm. The intriguing phenomena relate to changes in the crystallographic structure and subband structure at the interface.
A molecular phylogenetic approach to the New Zealand species of Enantiobuninae (Opiliones : Eupnoi : Neopilionidae)
Authors: Vélez Sebastián , Fernández Rosa , Giribet Gonzalo
Published: December 2014

Members of the New Zealand Enantiobuninae constitute some of the most charismatic soil arthropods of the archipelago, and a striking example of sexual dimorphism, with nondescript females but colourful males boasting exaggerated chelicerae many times longer than their bodies. The genera Forsteropsalis and Pantopsalis recently underwent revision, but many questions remained about the validity of species designations owing to historical issues of characters of dubious taxonomic value, female specimens designated as holotypes despite the males holding all the diagnostic characters, and the suspected presence of more than one male form within some species. We present the first phylogeny based on molecular data for the New Zealand species in the genera Forsteropsalis, Pantopsalis and Mangatangi, and comment on the taxonomic implications of our results, including the diagnostic viability of important morphological characters. Our analyses reject the monophyly of Neopilionidae and Forsteropsalis, but support the monophyly of Pantopsalis. Finally, we comment on the taxonomic implications of the results, including the diagnostic validity of morphological characters traditionally used on the groups.
Shining a light into the world’s deepest caves: phylogenetic systematics of the troglobiotic scorpion genus Alacran Francke, 1982 (Typhlochactidae : Alacraninae)
Authors: Santibáñez-López Carlos E. , Francke Oscar F. , Prendini L.
Published: December 2014

The scorpion genus Alacran Francke, 1982, endemic to eastern Mexico, was created to accommodate Alacran tartarus Francke, 1982. This remarkable troglobiotic species is adapted for life in some of the world’s deepest caves, 720–916 m below the surface in the Sistema Huautla of the state of Oaxaca (the deepest records at which a scorpion has been found). A second species, Alacran chamuco Francke, 2009, was later described from Te Cimutaá, also in Oaxaca. In the present contribution, we describe a third species, Alacran triquimera, sp. nov., recently discovered in a cave system in the state of Puebla, and test the monophyly and internal relationships of Alacran, based on a cladistic analysis of 10 terminal taxa (including seven species representing all four genera of Typhlochactidae) and 151 informative morphological characters, building on a previously published matrix. The single most parsimonious tree obtained, supports the monophyly of Alacran and the following relationships among its component species: (A. chamuco (A. tartarus + A. triquimera, sp. nov.)). The phylogenetic relationships among the three species of Alacran are consistent with the biogeographical history of the caves they inhabit. Based on the geological history of the Sierra Madre del Sur and the likely similar speleogenesis of the Tres Quimeras, Sistema Huautla and Te Cimutaá caves, we propose a vicariance hypothesis to account for the disjunct distribution of the three species of Alacran, whereby an initially more widespread, panmictic ancestral population speciated into three geographically isolated taxa following fragmentation of the southern Sierra Madre del Sur.
Feeding Ecology of the Sandbar Shark in South Carolina Estuaries Revealed through δ13C and δ15N Stable Isotope Analysis
Authors: Shiffman David S. , Frazier Bryan S. , Kucklick John R. , Abel Daniel , Brandes Jay , Sancho Gorka
Published: December 2014

Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) from muscle samples were used to examine the feeding ecology of a heavily exploited shark species, the Sandbar Shark Carcharhinus plumbeus. Two hundred and sixty two Sandbar Sharks were sampled in five South Carolina estuaries. There were no significant differences in average δ13C or δ15N signatures between estuaries, between sampling years, or between male and female Sandbar Sharks, suggesting that these variables do not affect diet. A potential ontogenetic diet shift between young of year and juvenile Sandbar Sharks in South Carolina, similar to a shift previously described in Virginia and Hawaii populations, is suggested by significant differences in average δ13C and average δ15N signatures between these age classes. Results confirm that Sandbar Sharks in South Carolina are generalist predators and that juvenile Sandbar Sharks have a wider diet breadth than young of year sharks, a pattern common in elasmobranchs. Sandbar Shark diet in South Carolina is similar to that found in previous stomach content analysis studies. This study also demonstrates that nonlethal sampling methods can be applied to sharks to obtain diet and trophic information, including the detection of ontogenetic shifts in diet.

Received September 17, 2013; accepted April 1, 2014
Langlands parameters associated to special maximal parahoric spherical representations
Authors: Mishra Manish
Published: December 2014

We describe the image, under the local Langlands correspondence for tori, of the characters of a torus which are trivial on its Iwahori subgroup. Let

k
k

be a non-archimedian local field. Let

G
\boldsymbol {G}

be a connected reductive group defined over

k
k

, which is quasi-split and split over a tamely ramified extension. Let

K
K

be a special maximal parahoric subgroup of

G
(
k
)

\boldsymbol {G}(k)

. To the class of representations of

G
(
k
)

\boldsymbol {G}(k)

having a non-zero vector fixed under

K
K

, we establish a bijection, in a natural way, with the twisted semisimple conjugacy classes of the inertia fixed subgroup of the dual group

G
^

\hat {\boldsymbol {G}}

. These results generalize the well known classical results to the ramified case.
An immersed 𝑆² self-shrinker
Authors: Drugan Gregory
Published: December 2014

We construct an immersed and non-embedded

S
2

S^2

self-shrinker.
Beilinson-Flach elements and Euler systems I: Syntomic regulators and 𝑝-adic Rankin 𝐿-series
Authors: Bertolini Massimo , Darmon Henri , Rotger Victor
Published: December 2014

This article is the first in a series devoted to the Euler system arising from

p
p

-adic families of Beilinson-Flach elements in the first

K
K

-group of the product of two modular curves. It relates the image of these elements under the

p
p

-adic syntomic regulator (as described by Besser (2012)) to the special values at the near-central point of Hida’s

p
p

-adic Rankin

L
L

-function attached to two Hida families of cusp forms.
Genetic Predisposition to Dyslipidemia and Risk of Preeclampsia
Authors: Spracklen Cassandra N. , Saftlas Audrey F. , Triche Elizabeth W. , Bjonnes Andrew , Keating Brendan , Saxena Richa , Breheny Patrick J. , Dewan Andrew T. , Robinson Jennifer G. , Hoh Josephine , Ryckman Kelli K.
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND

Large epidemiologic studies support the role of dyslipidemia in preeclampsia; however, the etiology of preeclampsia or whether dyslipidemia plays a causal role remains unclear. We examined the association between the genetic predisposition to dyslipidemia and risk of preeclampsia using validated genetic markers of dyslipidemia.

METHODS

Preeclampsia cases (n = 164) and normotensive controls (n = 110) were selected from live birth certificates to nulliparous Iowa women during the period August 2002 to May 2005. Disease status was verified by medical chart review. Genetic predisposition to dyslipidemia was estimated by 4 genetic risk scores (GRS) (total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides) on the basis of established loci for blood lipids. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between each of the 4 genotype scores and preeclampsia. Replication analyses were performed in an independent, US population of preeclampsia cases (n = 516) and controls (n = 1,097) of European ancestry.

RESULTS

The GRS related to higher levels of TC, LDL-C, and triglycerides demonstrated no association with the risk of preeclampsia in either the Iowa or replication population. The GRS related to lower HDL-C was marginally associated with an increased risk for preeclampsia (odds ratio (OR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99–1.07; P = 0.10). In the independent replication population, the association with the HDL-C GRS was also marginally significant (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00–1.06; P = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

Our data suggest a potential effect between the genetic predisposition to dyslipidemic levels of HDL-C and an increased risk of preeclampsia, and, as such, suggest that dyslipidemia may be a component along the causal pathway to preeclampsia.
Effect of surface pretreatment of TiO
2
films on interfacial processes leading to bacterial inactivation in the dark and under light irradiation
Authors: Rtimi Sami , Nesic Jelena , Pulgarin Cesar , Sanjines Rosendo , Bensimon Michael , Kiwi John
Published: December 2014

Evidence is presented for radio-frequency plasma pretreatment enhancing the amount and adhesion of TiO
2
sputtered on polyester (PES) and on polyethylene (PE) films. Pretreatment is necessary to attain a suitable TiO
2
loading leading to an acceptable
Escherichia coli
reduction kinetics in the dark or under light irradiation for PES–TiO
2
and PE–TiO
2
samples. The amount of TiO
2
on the films was monitored by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. X-ray electron spectroscopy shows the lack of accumulation of bacterial residues such as C, N and S during bacterial inactivation since they seem to be rapidly destroyed by TiO
2
photocatalysis. Evidence was found for Ti
4+
/Ti
3+
redox catalysis occurring on PES–TiO
2
and PE–TiO
2
during the bacterial inactivation process. On PE–TiO
2
surfaces, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) provides evidence for a systematic shift of the n
a
(CH
2
) stretching vibrations preceding bacterial inactivation within 60 min. The discontinuous IR-peak shifts reflect the increase in the C–H inter-bond distance leading to bond scission. The mechanism leading to
E. coli
loss of viability on PES–TiO
2
was investigated in the dark up to complete bacterial inactivation by monitoring the damage in the bacterial outer cell by transmission electron microscopy. After 30 min, the critical step during the
E. coli
inactivation commences for dark disinfection on 0.1–5% wt PES–TiO
2
samples. The interactions between the TiO
2
aggregates and the outer lipopolysaccharide cell wall involve electrostatic effects competing with the van der Waals forces.
Numerical implementation of multiple peeling theory and its application to spider web anchorages
Authors: Brely Lucas , Bosia Federico , Pugno Nicola M.
Published: December 2014

Adhesion of spider web anchorages has been studied in recent years, including the specific functionalities achieved through different architectures. To better understand the delamination mechanisms of these and other biological or artificial fibrillar adhesives, and how their adhesion can be optimized, we develop a novel numerical model to simulate the multiple peeling of structures with arbitrary branching and adhesion angles, including complex architectures. The numerical model is based on a recently developed multiple peeling theory, which extends the energy-based single peeling theory of Kendall, and can be applied to arbitrarily complex structures. In particular, we numerically show that a multiple peeling problem can be treated as the superposition of single peeling configurations even for complex structures. Finally, we apply the developed numerical approach to study spider web anchorages, showing how their function is achieved through optimal geometrical configurations.
Chelatococcus caeni sp. nov., isolated from a biofilm reactor sludge sample
Authors: Jin Long , Ko So-Ra , Lee Hyung-Gwan , Kim Byung-Hyuk , Kim Hee-Sik , Ahn Chi-Yong , Oh Hee-Mock
Published: December 2014

A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out on strain EBR-4-1T, which was isolated from a biofilm reactor in the Republic of Korea. The cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, motile and rod-shaped. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed a clear affiliation of this strain to the

Alphaproteobacteria

, and it was most closely related to

Chelatococcus daeguensis

CCUG 54519T,

Chelatococcus sambhunathii

HT4T, and

Chelatococcus asaccharovorans

DSM 6462T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the type strains of these species of 98.8 %, 98.7 %, and 96.3 %, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EBR-4-1T was 68.7 mol%. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data [Q-10 as the major ubiquinone; C19 : 0cycloω8c, C18 : 1 2-OH, and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) as the major fatty acids] supported the affiliation of strain EBR-4-1T to the genus

Chelatococcus

. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence, it is proposed that strain EBR-4-1T should be assigned to a new species, Chelatococcus
caeni sp. nov. The type strain is EBR-4-1T ( = KCTC 32487T = JCM 30181T).
Crystal structure of (E)-1-{2-[(5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)oxy]naphthalen-1-yl}-N-(4-fluorophenyl)methanimine
Authors: Said Musa A. , Al Belewi Bayan L. , Hughes David L.
Published: December 2014

In the title compound, C22H21FNO3P, a 1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yloxy derivative, three O atoms are bonded in a trigonal–pyramidal manner to the P atom. The exocyclic P—O bond is significantly longer than the two endocyclic P—O bonds,viz.1.6678 (12) Å compared to 1.6046 (13) and 1.6096 (12) Å. The six-membered ring which includes the P atom has a chair conformation. The fluorophenyl ring is inclined to the naphthalene ring system by 24.42 (7)°. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviaC—H...π interactions, forming slabs lying parallel to (10-1).
The crystal structures of fourN-(4-halophenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carboxamides
Authors: Gomes Ligia R. , Low John Nicolson , Cagide Fernando , Borges Fernanda
Published: December 2014

FourN-(4-halophenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carboxamides (halo = F, Cl, Br and I),N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carboxamide, C16H10FNO3,N-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carboxamide, C16H10ClNO3,N-(4-bromophenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carboxamide, C16H10BrNO3,N-(4-iodophenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carboxamide, C16H10INO3, have been structurally characterized. The molecules are essentially planar and each exhibits ananticonformation with respect to the C—N rotamer of the amide and acisgeometry with respect to the relative positions of the Carom—Carombond of the chromone ring and the carbonyl group of the amide. The structures each exhibit an intramolecular hydrogen-bonding network comprising an N—H...O hydrogen bond between the amide N atom and the O atom of the carbonyl group of the pyrone ring, forming anS(6) ring, and a weak Carom—H...O interaction with the O atom of the carbonyl group of the amide as acceptor, which forms anotherS(6) ring. All four compounds have the same supramolecular structure, consisting ofR22(13) rings that are propagated along thea-axis direction by unit translation. There is π–π stacking involving inversion-related molecules in each structure.
Crystal structure of 4,4′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(2,6-dibromoaniline)
Authors: Hauptvogel Ines , Seichter Wilhelm , Weber Edwin
Published: December 2014

In the title compound, C14H12Br4N2, the molecule lies across an inversion center and hence the benzene rings are strictly coplanar. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...N and weak N—H...Br hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (101). In addition, type II Br...Br interactions [3.625 (4) Å] complete a three-dimensional supramolecular network.
Crystal structure of bis(3-bromopyridine-κN)bis(O-ethyl dithiocarbonato-κ2S,S′)nickel(II)
Authors: Kant Rajni , Kour Gurvinder , Anthal Sumati , Neerupama  , Sachar Renu
Published: December 2014

In the title molecular complex, [Ni(C3H5OS2)2(C5H4BrN)2], the Ni2+cation is located on a centre of inversion and has a distorted octahedral N2S4environment defined by two chelating xanthate ligands and two monodentate pyridine ligands. The C—S bond lengths of the thiocarboxylate group are indicative of a delocalized bond and the O—Csp2bond is considerably shorter than the O—Csp3bond, consistent with a significant contribution of one resonance form of the xanthate anion that features a formal C=O+unit and a negative charge on each of the S atoms. The packing of the molecules is stabilized by C—H...S and C—H...π interactions. In addition, π–π interactions between the pyridine rings [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.797 (3) Å] are also present. In the crystal structure, molecules are arranged in rows along [100], forming layers parallel to (010) and (001).
Simultaneous pulsed flowering in a temperate legume: causes and consequences of multimodality in the shape of floral display schedules
Authors: Wadgymar Susana M. , Austen Emily J. , Cumming Matthew N. , Weis Arthur E.
Published: December 2014

In plants, the temporal pattern of floral displays, or display schedules, delimits an individual's mating opportunities. Thus, variation in the shape of display schedules can affect the degree of population synchrony and the strength of phenological assortative mating by flowering onset date. A good understanding of the mechanisms regulating the timing of flowering onset has been developed, but we know less about factors influencing subsequent patterns of floral display.

We observed unusual multimodal display schedules in temperate populations of the annual legume Chamaecrista fasciculata. Here, we ask whether ‘flowering pulses’ are simultaneous among individuals and populations and explore potential underlying mechanisms and consequences of pulsed flowering.

We monitored daily flower production for individual plants from genetically divergent populations during a series of field experiments that manipulated three potential influencers of display schedule shape: average daily temperature, pollinator availability and watering schedules. We measured floral longevity to isolate the contributions of flower retention and flower deployment to display schedules. We assessed relationships between flowering and environmental variables and compared estimates of population synchrony, individual synchrony and the strength of assortative mating with those of 29 unimodally flowering species from the area.

We observed simultaneous flowering pulses in all experiments, with peaks aligned among individuals and populations despite variation in flowering onset and/or duration. Pulses were not the result of increases in average temperature, pollinator availability or variation in watering schedules. Seasonal fluctuations in temperature correlated with floral longevity and flower deployment, suggesting that the shape of display schedules may be plastic in response to fluctuations in temperature. Average population and individual synchrony differed only slightly from those of the species with unimodal schedules, while the average strength of assortative mating for flowering onset date was strongly reduced (0.21 in C. fasciculata vs. 0.35 for the 29 other species).

Synthesis. Researchers should take caution in assuming that components of display schedules are genetically or developmentally correlated with flowering onset. Variation in the shape of display schedules can influence patterns of gene flow within or between populations, with potential effects on the strength of phenological assortative mating and subsequent responses to selection.