bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hijabers on Instagram: Using Visual Social Media to Construct the Ideal Muslim Woman
Authors: Baulch Emma , Pramiyanti Alila
Published: October 2018

This article studies uses of Instagram by members of Indonesia’s Hijabers’ Community. It shows how hijabers employ Instagram as a stage for performing middle-classness, but also for dakwah (“the call, invitation or challenge to Islam”), which they consider one of their primary tasks as Muslims. By enfolding the taking and sharing of images of Muslimah bodies on Instagram into this Quranic imperative, the hijabers shape an Islamic-themed bodily esthetic for middle class women, and at the same time present this bodily esthetic as a form of Islamic knowledge. The article extends work on influencer culture on Instagram, which has considered how and whether women exert control over their bodies in post-feminist performances of female entrepreneurship and consumer choice on social media. In it, we argue that examining the “enframement” of hijaberness on Instagram show it to be both a Muslim variant of post-feminist performances on social media, and a female variant of electronically-mediated Muslim preaching. That is, hijabers’ performances of veiled femininity structure and are structured by two distinct fields - a dynamic global digital culture and a changing field of Islamic communication – and point to a “composite habitus,” similar to that identified by Waltorp.
Does Objectification on Social Media Cost Young Men?
Authors: Daniels Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2018

Using an experimental methodology, the present study assessed college students’ perceptions of a male peer who presented himself on Facebook in either an objectified or nonobjectified manner. One hundred eighty-nine college students ( n = 111 women, n = 78 men) viewed a Facebook profile with either an objectified or a nonobjectified profile photo of the same young man and then evaluated the profile owner. They also reported on the desirability of dating the profile owner. Results indicated that the objectified profile owner was considered less competent but not less socially appealing or physically attractive. Participants liked the nonobjectified profile and profile photo better than the objectified profile and profile photo. There was also more interest in a committed dating relationship with the nonobjectified profile owner than the objectified profile owner. Findings suggest that using an objectified profile photo on Facebook may come with some costs for young men.
Modification of the Ti15Mo alloy surface through TiO2 nanotube growth—an in vitro study
Authors: Rangel André L.R. , Chaves Javier A. M. , Escada Ana L.A. , Konatu Reginaldo T. , Popat Ketul C. , Alves Claro Ana P. Rosifini
Published: October 2018

In this study, ordered and uniform TiO2 nanotubular structures were obtained on the surface of the Ti15Mo alloy by anodic oxidation. The amorphous state of TiO2 nanotubes formed under different anodization conditions was investigated. Crystallization of TiO2 into anatase phase occurs during annealing at temperatures of around 400°C, whereas anatase to rutile transformation starts around 500°C and is completed at 800°C. Phase transformations in annealed samples led to morphological changes of tubular nanostructures, suggesting that the oxide layer formed at the nanotube/substrate interface serves as nucleation sites for more stable phases of TiO2. The proliferation of fibroblasts cells under annealing conditions of 450°C, and of untreated samples (control group), was evaluated after 1, 4, and 7 days in cell culture using fluorescence microscopy images. A gradual increase in the number and size of cells was observed, indicating a non-toxic alloy. There was also better surface coverage on anodized samples compared with the untreated group; as well as increased development of the cytoskeleton in samples after anodization. The results of this study showed that the growth of TiO2 nanotubular structures associated with annealing allow better cell adhesion on the Ti15Mo alloy surface.
Axial-Oblique Versus Standard Axial 3-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Detection of Trochlear Cartilage Lesions: A Prospective Study
Authors: LaPrade Robert F. , Cram Tyler R. , Mitchell Justin J. , Geeslin Andrew G. , Lockard Carly A. , Fitzcharles Eric K. , Dornan Grant J.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Imaging of the femoral trochlea has been inherently difficult because of its convex anatomy.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic utility of a standard axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence with an axial-oblique MRI sequence of the knee for the detection of trochlear articular cartilage lesions on a high-field 3-T MRI scanner. We hypothesized that axial-oblique MRI scans of the knee obtained along the true axis of the trochlea would significantly improve the detection of high-grade cartilage lesions.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Patients who underwent MRI and subsequent surgery for any indication were prospectively enrolled into this study between June 2014 and February 2015. The articular cartilage of the trochlea was evaluated independently by 3 raters on axial and axial-oblique MRI and compared with arthroscopic findings (gold standard). The interrater and intrarater reliability of mild (International Cartilage Repair Society [ICRS] grades 1 or 2) and severe (ICRS grades 3 or 4) lesions on MRI were assessed as well as the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.

Results:

A total of 99 knees in 96 patients were included in the study. Interrater and intrarater agreement for the identification of severe lesions were moderate to good on the proximal trochlea and fair to moderate on the distal trochlea. No significant differences in sensitivity were found between axial and axial-oblique scans for any grade of lesion (55% vs 51%, respectively; P = .700) or for severe lesions (61% vs 52%, respectively; P = .289). Similarly, specificity for detecting severe lesions was not significantly different between axial and axial-oblique scans (95% vs 87%, respectively; P = .219). Last, no significant differences in sensitivity or specificity were found between MRI sequences when separately evaluating proximal and distal trochlear lesions (all P > .05).

Conclusion:

The axial-oblique sequence was unable to improve the sensitivity of MRI in detecting articular cartilage lesions on the trochlea. Both conventional axial and axial-oblique sequences, reviewed independently of the complete MRI series, had low sensitivity in detecting trochlear articular cartilage lesions. For this reason, clinicians should utilize all MRI planes to evaluate the articular cartilage of the trochlea. Future studies should focus on improving MRI techniques for detecting and characterizing cartilage lesions of the trochlea.
Near-surface characterization using traveltime and full-waveform inversion with vertical and horizontal component seismic data
Authors: Alam Md. Iftekhar
Published: October 2018

Seismic imaging of the shallow subsurface (approximately 5 m) can be very challenging when reflections are absent and the data are dominated by ground roll. I analyzed the transmission coda to produce fine-scale, interpretable vertical and horizontal component seismic velocity ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) models using full-waveform inversion (FWI). Application of FWI is tested through imaging two buried targets. The first target is a pair of well-documented utility pipes with known diameters (0.8 m) and burial depths (approximately 1.5 m). The second target is a poorly documented former location of the pipe(s), which is now a backfilled void. Data are acquired along a 23 m 2D profile using a static array with single-component vertical and horizontal geophones. Our results indicate considerable velocity updates in the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] models across the pipes and backfill. The pipes appear as negative velocity updates in the final inverted [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] models, whereas the backfilled area represents negative and positive velocity updates in the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] models, respectively. Variations of the polarities in the inverted models ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) across the backfill can be indicative of the medium, which respond differently to the vertical and horizontal component seismic waves. The attenuation models show a general decreasing trend with increasing depth. Therefore, simultaneous applications of vertical ([Formula: see text]) and horizontal ([Formula: see text]) component seismic velocity modeling can be an effective tool to understand the subsurface medium in near-surface characterization.
Effect of Apneic Oxygenation on Tracheal Oxygen Levels, Tracheal Pressure, and Carbon Dioxide Accumulation: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Buccal Oxygen Administration
Authors: Toner Andrew J. , Douglas Scott G. , Bailey Martin A. , Avis Hans J. , Pillai Arani V. , Phillips Michael , Heard Andrew
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:

Apneic oxygenation via the oral route using a buccal device extends the safe apnea time in most but not all obese patients. Apneic oxygenation techniques are most effective when tracheal oxygen concentrations are maintained >90%. It remains unclear whether buccal oxygen administration consistently achieves this goal and whether significant risks of hypercarbia or barotrauma exist.

METHODS:

We conducted a randomized trial of buccal or sham oxygenation in healthy, nonobese patients (n = 20), using prolonged laryngoscopy to maintain apnea with a patent airway until arterial oxygen saturation (Spo
2) dropped <95% or 750 seconds elapsed. Tracheal oxygen concentration, tracheal pressure, and transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured throughout. The primary outcome was maintenance of a tracheal oxygen concentration >90% during apnea.

RESULTS:

Buccal patients were more likely to achieve the primary outcome (P < .0001), had higher tracheal oxygen concentrations throughout apnea (mean difference, 65.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 62.6%–69.3%; P < .0001), and had a prolonged median (interquartile range) apnea time with Spo
2 >94%; 750 seconds (750–750 seconds) vs 447 seconds (405–525 seconds); P < .001. One patient desaturated to Spo
2 <95% despite 100% tracheal oxygen. Mean tracheal pressures were low in the buccal (0.21 cm·H2O; SD = 0.39) and sham (0.56 cm·H2O; SD = 1.25) arms; mean difference, −0.35 cm·H2O; 95% CI, 1.22–0.53; P = .41. CO2 accumulation during early apnea before any study end points were reached was linear and marginally faster in the buccal arm (3.16 vs 2.82 mm Hg/min; mean difference, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.30–0.38; P < .001). Prolonged apnea in the buccal arm revealed nonlinear CO2 accumulation that declined over time and averaged 2.22 mm Hg/min (95% CI, 2.21–2.23).

CONCLUSIONS:

Buccal oxygen administration reliably maintains high tracheal oxygen concentrations, but early arterial desaturation can still occur through mechanisms other than device failure. Whereas the risk of hypercarbia is similar to that observed with other approaches, the risk of barotrauma is negligible. Continuous measurement of advanced physiological parameters is feasible in an apneic oxygenation trial and can assist with device evaluation.
Emergency Department Airway Management Responsibilities in the United States
Authors: Chiaghana Chukwudi , Giordano Christopher , Cobb Danielle , Vasilopoulos Terrie , Tighe Patrick J. , Sappenfield Joshua W.
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:

In the 1990s, emergency medicine (EM) physicians were responsible for intubating about half of the patients requiring airway management in emergency rooms. Since then, no studies have characterized the airway management responsibilities in the emergency room.

METHODS:

A survey was sent via the Eastern Association for Surgery and Trauma and the Trauma Anesthesiology Society listservs, as well as by direct solicitation. Information was collected on trauma center level, geographical location, department responsible for intubation in the emergency room, department responsible for intubation in the trauma bay, whether these roles differed for pediatrics, whether an anesthesiologist was available “in-house” 24 hours a day, and whether there was a protocol for anesthesiologists to assist as backup during intubations. Responses were collected, reviewed, linked by city, and mapped using Python.

RESULTS:

The majority of the responses came from the Eastern Association for Surgery of Trauma (84.6%). Of the respondents, 72.6% were from level-1 trauma centers, and most were located in the eastern half of the United States. In the emergency room, EM physicians were primarily responsible for intubations at 81% of the surveyed institutions. In trauma bays, EM physicians were primarily responsible for 61.4% of intubations. There did not appear to be a geographical pattern for personnel responsible for managing the airway at the institutions surveyed.

CONCLUSIONS:

The majority of institutions have EM physicians managing their airways in both emergency rooms and trauma bays. This may support the observations of an increased percentage of airway management in the emergency room and trauma bay setting by EM physicians compared to 20 years ago.
Archival Excess in Latinx Print Culture
Authors: Varon Alberto
Published: October 2018

This essay considers the Latinx archive and argues for the continued importance of the nation in understanding Latinx culture. For decades, scholars have recovered a variety of divergent forms of writing that challenge the possibility of a Latinx literary canon. These writings operate in disparate modes and genres, do not always fit neatly within traditional understandings of “literature,” and are frequently fragmentary or incomplete—what the essay terms “archival excess,” which runs counter to the perceived lack of US Latinx literary and cultural production and is inherently unstable and evolving. The essay asserts that an unstable Latinx archive is not only symptomatic of but also essential to the project of contemporary latinidad. The US nation and its attendant discourses of nationalism help contain archival excess, even as the Latinx archive challenges national borders and narratives. For this reason and for its political urgency, Latinx studies needs to maintain recourse to the US nation, despite the field necessarily operating as methodologically transnational.
Telephonic Modernismo
Authors: Kreitz Kelley
Published: October 2018

This essay analyzes the Havana-based literary weekly La Habana Elegante to consider the hemispheric dimensions of late nineteenth-century media change and the role that writers of Latin American descent played in it. As new electric media and improved print technology powered an expanding and interconnected world of print, La Habana Elegante mediated a hemispheric, Spanish-speaking print culture, especially through its foreign correspondence from New York City. The periodical defined that print culture through a notion of latinidad that bridged Latin America and the United States—and by envisioning a two-way flow of ideas between writers and readers. As US-based English-language newspapers developed emerging mass cultural forms that starkly divided producers and consumers, La Habana Elegante tapped into notions of simultaneity inspired by the telegraph and, especially, the telephone to promote a more interactive modern media system meant to circulate Latin American culture throughout the hemisphere.
Super-resolution imaging of live sperm reveals dynamic changes of the actin cytoskeleton during acrosomal exocytosis
Authors: Romarowski Ana , Velasco Félix Ángel G. , Torres Rodríguez Paulina , Gervasi María G. , Xu Xinran , Luque Guillermina M. , Contreras-Jiménez Gastón , Sánchez-Cárdenas Claudia , Ramírez-Gómez Héctor V. , Krapf Diego , Visconti Pablo E. , Krapf Dario , Guerrero Adán , Darszon Alberto , Buffone Mariano G.
Published: October 2018

Filamentous actin (F-actin) is a key factor in exocytosis in many cell types. In mammalian sperm, acrosomal exocytosis (denoted the acrosome reaction or AR), a special type of controlled secretion, is regulated by multiple signaling pathways and the actin cytoskeleton. However, the dynamic changes of the actin cytoskeleton in live sperm are largely not understood. Here, we used the powerful properties of SiR-actin to examine actin dynamics in live mouse sperm at the onset of the AR. By using a combination of super-resolution microscopy techniques to image sperm loaded with SiR-actin or sperm from transgenic mice containing Lifeact-EGFP, six regions containing F-actin within the sperm head were revealed. The proportion of sperm possessing these structures changed upon capacitation. By performing live-cell imaging experiments, we report that dynamic changes of F-actin during the AR occur in specific regions of the sperm head. While certain F-actin regions undergo depolymerization prior to the initiation of the AR, others remain unaltered or are lost after exocytosis occurs. Our work emphasizes the utility of live-cell nanoscopy, which will undoubtedly impact the search for mechanisms that underlie basic sperm functions.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Mechanisms of integrin αVβ5 clustering in flat clathrin lattices
Authors: Zuidema Alba , Wang Wei , Kreft Maaike , te Molder Lisa , Hoekman Liesbeth , Bleijerveld Onno B. , Nahidiazar Leila , Janssen Hans , Sonnenberg Arnoud
Published: October 2018

The family of integrin transmembrane receptors is essential for the normal function of multicellular organisms by facilitating cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. The vitronectin-binding integrin αVβ5 localizes to focal adhesions (FAs) as well as poorly characterized flat clathrin lattices (FCLs). Here, we show that, in human keratinocytes, αVβ5 is predominantly found in FCLs, and formation of the αVβ5-containing FCLs requires the presence of vitronectin as ligand, Ca2+, and the clathrin adaptor proteins ARH (also known as LDLRAP1), Numb and EPS15/EPS15L1. Integrin chimeras, containing the extracellular and transmembrane domains of β5 and the cytoplasmic domains of β1 or β3, almost exclusively localize in FAs. Interestingly, lowering actomyosin-mediated contractility promotes integrin redistribution to FLCs in an integrin tail-dependent manner, while increasing cellular tension favors αVβ5 clustering in FAs. Our findings strongly indicate that clustering of integrin αVβ5 in FCLs is dictated by the β5 subunit cytoplasmic domain, cellular tension and recruitment of specific adaptor proteins to the β5 subunit cytoplasmic domains.
The RHEB–mTOR axis regulates expression of Tf2 transposons in fission yeast
Authors: Nakase Yukiko , Matsumoto Tomohiro
Published: October 2018

The human TSC2 gene, mutations in which predispose individuals to the disease tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), encodes a GTPase-activating protein for the GTPase RHEB. Loss of TSC2 results in constitutive activation of RHEB and its target mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). We have previously reported that fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) Tf2 retrotransposons (hereafter Tf2s) are abnormally induced upon nitrogen starvation in cells lacking the tsc2+ gene (Δtsc2), a homolog of the human TSC2 gene, and in cells with a dominant-active mutation in the fission yeast RHEB GTPase (rhb1-DA4). We report here that induction of Tf2s in these mutants is suppressed upon overexpression of the cgs2+ gene, which encodes a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, or upon deletion of components in the glucose/cAMP signaling pathway, namely Cyr1, Pka1, Tor1 and the stress-activated transcription factor Atf1. The results suggest that the glucose/cAMP signaling pathway is downregulated when cells are starved for nitrogen. We also show that Tf2 proteins are degraded via autophagy, which is under control of Tor2, a homolog of human mTOR. It appears that failure in the two processes, downregulation of the glucose/cAMP signaling pathway and induction of autophagy, allows abnormal induction of Tf2s upon nitrogen starvation in Δtsc2 and rhb1-DA4 cells.
Anterior vena caval oxygen profiles in a deep-diving California sea lion: arteriovenous shunts, a central venous oxygen store, and oxygenation during lung collapse
Authors: Tift Michael S. , Hückstädt Luis A. , Ponganis Paul J.
Published: October 2018

Deep-diving California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) can maintain arterial hemoglobin saturation (SO2) above 90% despite lung collapse (lack of gas exchange) and extremely low posterior vena caval SO2 in the middle of the dive. We investigated anterior vena caval PO2 and SO2 during dives of an adult female sea lion to investigate two hypotheses: a) posterior vena caval SO2 is not representative of the entire venous oxygen store and b) a well-oxygenated (arterialized) central venous oxygen reservoir might account for maintenance of arterial SO2 during lung collapse. During deep dives, initial anterior vena caval SO2 was elevated at 83.6 + 8.4 % (n=102), presumably due to arteriovenous shunting. It remained high until the bottom phase of the dive and then decreased during ascent, whereas previously determined posterior vena caval SO2 declined during descent and then often increased during ascent. These divergent patterns confirmed that posterior vena caval SO2 was not representative of the entire venous oxygen store. Prior to, and early during descent of deep-dives, the high SO2s of both the anterior and posterior venae cavae may enhance arterialization of a central venous oxygen store. However, anterior vena caval SO2 values at depths beyond lung collapse reached levels as low as 40%, making it unlikely that even a completely arterialized central venous oxygen store could account for maintenance of high arterial SO2. These findings suggest that maintenance of high arterial SO2 during deep dives is due to persistence of some gas exchange at depths beyond presumed lung collapse.
Will MRI of gastrointestinal function parallel the clinical success of cine cardiac MRI?
Authors: Hoad Caroline , Clarke Christopher , Marciani Luca , Graves Martin John , Corsetti Maura
Published: October 2018

Cine cardiac MRI is generally accepted as the “gold-standard” for functional myocardial assessment. It only took a few years after the development of commercial MRI systems for functional cardiac imaging to be developed, with electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated cine imaging first reported in 1988. The function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is more complex to study compared to the heart. However, the idea of having a non-invasive tool to study the GI function that also allows the concurrent assessment of different aspects of this function has become more and more attractive in the gastroenterological field. This review summarises key literature of the last 5 years to describe the current status of MRI in respect to the evaluation of GI function, highlighting the gaps and challenges and the future prospects. As the clinical application of a new technique requires that its clinical utility is confirmed by demonstration of its ability to enable clinicians to make a diagnosis and/or predict the treatment response, this review also considers whether or not this has been achieved, and how MRI has been validated against techniques currently recognised as the gold standard in clinical practice.
Medical and Law Graduates and their sleep disorders: Daytime oversleep and Risk Factors
Authors: De Souza Neta Adozina Marques , Fink Santos Neves João Pedro Declerc , Barreto Íkaro Daniel de Carvalho , Freitas Trindade Leda Maria Delmondes
Published: October 2018

Backgroud: The exogenous factors such as family dynamics, psychosocial stress, academic hours and lifestyle can alter the quality of sleep and affect the people’s physical, occupational, cognitive and social functioning. Objectives: evaluate the epidemiological profile, excessive daytime sleepiness, risk factors and the quality of sleep among university students. Method: Cross-sectional study with 701 Medical and Law students from a private Brazilian Northeastern College. The Sociodemographic profile, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaires have been applied. The data were submitted to simple and percentage frequency as well as bivariate and multivariate analysis. Significance level: 5%. Results: The sample was with 659 students, 243(37%) of Medicine and 416(63%) of Law. Age group 18-24 years, predominance of females, age group 18-24 years, female 393 (60%); they self-declared being white 282 (42.7%) and brown 303 (45.9%), said they were single 604(92%) and alcohol consumers more than 60%. Poor sleep quality and sleep disturbance were found in 169(70%) medical students and 221(54%) in law ones, being statistically significant (p <0.001) for the medical students. In this comparison, The Law students presented a higher risk (RR 1.34 (1.15-1.56), p <0.001) for disturbance and poor sleep quality. The risk of excessive daytime sleepiness versus drug use represented 71% (RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.18-2.49) for law students. General concerns, studies, anxiety and insomnia were the most frequent risk factors. Conclusion: Risk factors which are part of Medical and Law students’ daily routine affect their sleep quality and increase the risks of excessive daytime sleepiness.
Análise dos principais fatores epidemiológicos relacionados ao suicídio em uma cidade no interior do Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Pedrosa Nadia Fortaleza Nascimento Chaves , Barreira Daniel Alencar , Rocha Davi Queiroz de Carvalho , Barreira Marcio Alencar
Published: October 2018

Introdução: o município de Iguatu, localizado no interior do estado do Ceará no Nordeste brasileiro, é popularmente conhecido pelo alto número de pessoas que cometem suicídio. No entanto, até o presente momento, não existe um estudo que confirme essa crença popular e analise o perfil dos suicidas. Objetivo: este trabalho avaliou a incidência e o perfil dos suicidas, no município do Iguatu, para obtenção de dados que tornem possíveis ações de prevenção. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e transversal de natureza descritiva sobre óbitos por suicídio coletados sob autorização da coordenação de vigilância epidemiológica com dados fornecidos pela Secretaria de Saúde no Município do Iguatu entre os anos de 2006 a 2015. As variáveis analisadas foram sexo, idade, estado civil, raça, escolaridade, ocupação e causas de óbito por suicídio. Foi realizada análise dos dados e esses apresentados em tabelas e gráficos. Resultados: o número de causas externas de mortalidade foi de setecentos e vinte, sendo setenta e dois casos de morte por suicídio. As pessoas que cometeram suicídio eram principalmente homens (78%), de coloração parda (73,5%) e faixa etária predominante entre 20 a 29 anos de idade (27,8%) e estado civil solteiro (43%) ou casado (41,7%). Nenhum apresentava nível superior completo, e a maioria tinha como ocupação a produção agrícola (36,1%). As principais causas de morte foram por enforcamento (59,7%) e uso de pesticidas (23,6%). Conclusão: o perfil dos suicidas é composto por homens de cor parda, sem nível superior completo, produtores agrícolas, adultos jovens e solteiros. O Iguatu apresenta uma alta incidência de suicídio, e as pessoas se matam mais por enforcamento e autointoxicação por pesticidas.
Produtos naturais de origem vegetal como ferramentas alternativas para o controle larvário de Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus
Authors: Viana Glautemberg de Almeida , Sampaio Caroline de Goes , Martins Victor Emanuel Pessoa
Published: October 2018

Introdução: Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus são os principais vetores dos vírus Dengue, Zika e Chikungunya. Extratos vegetais e óleos essenciais vêm sendo utilizados em pesquisas como alternativas aos inseticidas sintéticos tradicionalmente utilizados nos programas de controle dessas doenças. Métodos: de julho a novembro de 2017, foi realizado um levantamento de artigos científicos publicados entre os anos 2000 e 2016 nas bases de dados Scielo, Science Direct e Scopus. Foram utilizados os descritores controlados “culicidae”, “óleos essenciais” e “extratos vegetais” com interposição do operador boleano “AND”. Resultados: inicialmente, foram obtidos 239 artigos. Dezesseis artigos – cinco apareciam em mais de uma base de dados e 11, cujos conteúdos não estavam disponíveis na íntegra, foram excluídos. Dos 223 artigos resultantes, 112 foram excluídos por contemplarem outras espécies de culicídeos (63) e pela não realização de ensaio larvicida (49). Dos 111 artigos restantes, 42 não apresentavam valores referentes à CL50, resultando em 69 artigos cujos conteúdos foram analisados. Foram identificadas 219 espécies vegetais, pertencentes a 43 famílias botânicas, com destaque para Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae, Rutaceae, Cupressaceae, Asteraceae, Pinaceae e Lauraceae. Os óleos essenciais foram os produtos vegetais mais amplamente testados contra Ae. aegypti (158) e Ae. albopictus (43), bem como os que exibiram maior eficiência na mortalidade das larvas (CL50 < 100ppm). Conclusões: a busca por novas estratégias de controle de insetos vetores de patógenos que substituam os inseticidas sintéticos tradicionalmente utilizados vem ganhando destaque. Extratos vegetais e óleos essenciais com efeito larvicida significativo constituem promissoras alternativas ao controle de doenças transmitidas por esses artrópodes.
Cuidado paliativo oncológico: percepção dos cuidadores
Authors: Cunha Adrielly Sena , Pitombeira Jullyana Sousa , Noronha Panzetti Tatiana Menezes
Published: October 2018

Introdução: o processo de terminalidade é um dos momentos mais significativos da vida, devido consequências negativas, emocionais e físicas que atingem pacientes e cuidadores. Objetivo: descrever e analisar a percepção do cuidador principal frente a um familiar em cuidado paliativo e traçar o perfil sócio demográfico dos cuidadores familiares. Método: pesquisa exploratória e descritiva de abordagem qualitativa realizada com 10 cuidadores principais de pacientes oncológicos em cuidado paliativo no Hospital Ophir Loyola (HOL). A coleta de dados ocorreu após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética da Faculdade Metropolitana da Amazônia (FAMAZ), nº 2.324.920, e pelo Comité de Ética do HOL, nº 2.423.239. Para obtenção dos dados, feito entrevista semiestruturada com um instrumento que contemplou o perfil sócio demográfico e perguntas sobre as percepções de ser cuidador. Empregada nas entrevistas a técnica de análise de conteúdo, emergindo assim cinco categorias: percepção do cuidador principal sobre cuidado paliativo; papel do cuidador em cuidados paliativos; sentimentos vivenciados pelo cuidador; dificuldades e estratégias de apoio enfrentadas pelo cuidador; vivências relacionadas ao ambiente hospitalar e domiciliar. Resultados: notou-se que a maioria dos participantes desconhecia o que é cuidado paliativo, e a minoria demonstrou conhecer, por meio de expressões como “alívio da dor”. De 10 participantes, 9 eram do sexo feminino, e 6 tinham relação parental. Conclusão: há a necessidade de profissionais oferecerem um cuidado humanizado, considerando as percepções, as necessidades e os sentimentos do cuidador e de realização de educação em saúde para promover segurança no cuidado com o paciente e sensibilização quanto ao autocuidado.
The inhibition of checkpoint activation by telomeres does not involve exclusion of dimethylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me2)
Authors: Audry Julien , Wang Jinyu , Eisenstatt Jessica R. , Berkner Kathleen L. , Runge Kurt W.
Published: October 2018

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) activate the DNA damage checkpoint machinery to pause or halt the cell cycle.  Telomeres, the specific DNA-protein complexes at linear eukaryotic chromosome ends, are capped DSBs that do not activate DNA damage checkpoints.  This “checkpoint privileged” status of telomeres was previously investigated in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombelacking the major double-stranded telomere DNA binding protein Taz1. Telomeric DNA repeats in cells lacking Taz1 are 10 times longer than normal and contain single-stranded DNA regions. DNA damage checkpoint proteins associate with these damaged telomeres, but the DNA damage checkpoint is not activated. This severing of the DNA damage checkpoint signaling pathway was reported to stem from exclusion of histone H4 lysine 20 dimethylation (H4K20me2) from telomeric nucleosomes in both wild type cells and cells lacking Taz1.  However, experiments to identify the mechanism of this exclusion failed, prompting our re-evaluation of H4K20me2 levels at telomeric chromatin.  In this short report, we used an extensive series of controls to identify an antibody specific for the H4K20me2 modification and show that the level of this modification is the same at telomeres and internal loci in both wild type cells and those lacking Taz1.  Consequently, telomeres must block activation of the DNA Damage Response by another mechanism that remains to be determined.
Exact Approach for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands and Preventive Returns
Authors: Louveaux François V. , Salazar-González Juan-José
Published: October 2018

This paper considers a vehicle routing problem where the customer demands are stochastic variables. Because of uncertainty along a route, the vehicle may be unable to load all planned customers’ demand. Thus, the vehicle must return to the depot, unload, and then resume its trip. To avoid unplanned return trips to the depot, one may decide to make some preventive return: Even if it is not full, the vehicle returns to the depot, unloads, and resumes its trip at the next customer. These preventive returns avoid visiting the same customer twice at the expense of possibly making an unneeded return. In this paper, we propose an exact procedure for designing routes to minimize the total expected cost of the routes. It consists of a branch-and-cut algorithm based on the L-shaped method for stochastic programs with binary first-stage variables. The paper provides lower bounds and cuts on the expected costs, and describes the results of computational analysis of a computer implementation on benchmark instances. Instances involving up to 100 customers have been solved to optimality.
Self Care Week: Don't leave it to others, choose self care for life
Authors: Donovan Helen
Published: October 2018

Self Care Week is an annual event which runs from 12–18 November. Helen Donovan discusses how self care can help to address the rising demands on the NHS by advocating individual responsibility rather than leaving your care to others—however expert they are
Delivery of the newborn physical examination
Authors: Carr Natasha , Prain Maggie
Published: October 2018

The time constraints of general practice could be alleviated by looking to the wider multidisciplinary team to perform the newborn physical examination. This article evaluates the effectiveness of a training programme for GPs
Become a veteran-friendly practice
Authors: Hancock Dave
Published: October 2018

Practices are encouraged to join a new national scheme to improve medical care and treatment for former members of the armed services. Dave Hancock explains what it could mean for practice managers
Is the general practice model sustainable?
Authors: McCutcheon Jonathan
Published: October 2018

There are huge challenges ahead for the whole primary care sector, but there are some positives, despite the overall stagnating recruitment figures for GPs, says Jonathan McCutcheon
A Qualitative Study on the Reasons for Social Media Addiction
Authors: Aksoy Mehmet Emin
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the causes of social media addiction of individuals, who define themselves as social media addicts, in a clearer and more concrete way. In order to achieve this aim, participants have been tested with an addiction test, and 25 university students who perceive themselves as social media addicts were selected for the study. The findings of the research showed that participants' reasons for using social media were lack of friends, social necessity of social media, feeling of fulfillment, fear of missing out, intertwining of social media and daily life. The study also pointed out that social media addiction has a beginning and a continuity phase. It has been shown that the individuals who were in the beginning phase tended to start using social media for reasons such as not being able to find friends, lack of socialization, and monotony of life. In the continuity stage of individual addiction, they stated that they use social media for reasons such as, fulfilling a duty, and protecting social relations that they had. One of the reasons for addiction was the need to socialize, while male participants were more interested in acquiring new friends, female participants were more interested in communicating with their real life friends.
Teachers’ Moral Intelligence: A Scale Adaptation into Turkish and Preliminary Evidence
Authors: Toprak Mustafa , Karakus Mehmet
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this work is to adapt the existing Moral Competency Index (MCI) developed by Lennick and Kiel in a sample of teachers. The validated Turkish version of MCI is based on the item pool of the original MCI with a slight adaptation of the items to fit the context of teacher leadership. The translated form was administered to 773 teachers in Gaziantep city. Exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha and Split-half reliability, and item analysis were performed through SPSS, while the first and second order confirmatory factor analyses were performed through AMOS. Results showed that adapted Turkish form of MCI (Ogretmen Ahlaki Yeterlik Olcegi) is reliable and valid, and the four-dimensional original factorial structure (integrity, responsibility, forgiveness, and compassion) was confirmed and maintained. Finally, multiple regression analyses were performed. Results showed that female teachers have higher levels of moral competencies in the dimensions of integrity and forgiveness. Also, as teachers’ age increases, their general moral competency scores increase in the dimensions of integrity, responsibility, and compassion.
Gender Differences in Middle School Students’ Attitudes and Self-Efficacy Perceptions towards mBlock Programming
Authors: Gunbatar Mustafa Serkan , Karalar Halit
Published: October 2018

This study aims to assess the effects of teaching programming with mBlock on self-efficacy perceptions and attitudes considering programming. Particularly, this study tries to research whether there is a gender difference in middle school students or not. The study was conducted in pre-test/post-test quasi experimental design. The participants of the study which was completed in twelve weeks were 82 middle school students. The data were collected through “Educational Computer Games Assisted Learning Coding Attitude Scale” and “Computer Programming Self-efficacy Scale”. The results of the research indicate that although the self-efficacy perceptions of boys towards programming were higher than the girls’ at the beginning of the research, this difference was closed at the end of the research. The results also show that teaching programming with mBlock to middle school students did not cause gender differences in self-efficacy perceptions and attitudes regarding programming. Although girls’ attitudes regarding programming were slightly higher than boys’, the difference was not considered to be significant. In addition, it was found that programming with mBlock significantly increased students' self-efficacy perceptions and attitudes towards programming. As a result, teaching programming with mBlock can provide similar possibilities for both genders in self-efficacy perceptions and attitudes regarding programming.
She Works Like a Man; If a Woman's Word
Authors: Backiel Linda
Published: October 2018

Linda Backiel is a criminal defense attorney practicing in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Inklusion als moralische Herausforderung – das Potential der Konstanzer Methode der Dilemmadiskussion®
Authors: Reinicke Martina
Published: October 2018

In diesem Beitrag soll die Konstanzer Methode der Dilemma-Diskussion (KMDD?) vorgestellt und deren Einbindung in den Ethikunterricht erläutert werden. Das Anliegen dieses Artikels ist es, information pills besonders die Lerneffekte dieser inklusiven Unterrichtsmethode aufzuzeigen. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, information pills wie durch Dialog Erkenntnis und durch einen besonderen Umgang mit Differenzierung im Ethikunterricht moralische Entwicklung realisiert werden kann. Moralische Bildung aller am Lehr- und Lernprozess Beteiligten wird in diesem Zusammenhang als eine der wichtigsten, site wenn nicht sogar als die wichtigste Voraussetzung für jede Art von echter Inklusion gesehen. Echte Inklusion meint dabei, optimale Lernbedingungen, die von den Beteiligten freiwillig getragen werden, für alle Schüler*innen zu schaffen. Die Bewältigung dieser Herausforderung wird umso dringlicher, da sich unsere Gesellschaft insgesamt im Wandel befindet- demografisch und global.
Achievement Goals and Sportspersonship Orientations in Team Sports. The Moderating Role of Demographic Characteristics
Authors: Barkoukis Vassilis , Mouratidou Katerina
Published: October 2018

The present study investigated whether achievement goals have differential effect on sportspersonship orientations in competitive sport and the moderating role of several demographic characteristics. Participants were 407 team sport athletes. The athletes completed a questionnaire including measures of achievement goals, dosage sportspersonship orientations and demographic characteristics. The results of the analyses indicated that all achievement goals were significant predictors of sportspersonship orientations. Furthermore, medications demographic characteristics moderated several achievement goals ? sportspersonship orientations relationships. These findings provide insightful information on the application of the 2×2 achievement goal approach in sports and the role of athletes? demographic characteristics.
What Is Moral Competence and Why Promote It?
Authors: Nowak Ewa
Published: October 2018

This short review paper focuses on Georg Lind's approach to the moral competence as described in his recent book (2016) How To Teach Morality? Promoting Deliberation and Discussion, Reducing Violence and Deceit. Berlin: Logos Verlag. Lind's dual-aspect approach is discussed as one of the leading conceptions of personal moral competence and moral cognition today. Intuitionist approach and "embodied cognition" are not enough, the author (E. Nowak) claims. As participants of social contexts and institutions, we need manifest, discoursively articulated reflection, self-reflection, and conversation. However, Lind's hypothesis of two leyers of morality, i.e., a conscious and unconscious finds evidence in cognitive sciences too. Lind's approach is not as reductionist as that of radical cognitivists. On the contrary, it combines all relevant aspects of moral cognition discussed right now, worldwide – when cognitive sciences flourish and the challenges for moral mind grow up dramatically.
Ecological Virtues in Laudato Si’
Authors: Kureethadam Joshtrom Isaac
Published: October 2018

Laudato Si’, Pope Francis’ recent encyclical on care for our common home, invites humanity to cultivate “ecological virtues” in order to become more responsible stewards of our imperilled common home. According to the Pope, the formation of healthy habitus for the stewardship of Earth can be achieved only through the cultivation of appropriate ecological virtues. It may be recalled that there is a growing awareness of the importance of the role of ecological virtues in environmental ethics today. In this paper we shall reflect on seven ecological virtues: praise, gratitude, care, justice, work, sobriety, and humility. They do not receive a separate treatment in Laudato Si’, but are mentioned throughout the encyclical. They are like signposts that indicate the road that we need to travel in caring for our common planetary home.
Moral Competence, Personality, and Demographic Characteristics: A Comparative Study
Authors: Karamavrou Sofia , Mouratidou Katerina , Evaggelinou Christina , Koidou Irini , Parisi Ioanna
Published: October 2018

The development of moral competence is affected by both internal and external factors and has been researched by many scientists. The present study investigated a) whether the five factors of personality, gender and geographical area would affect ones’ moral competence, b) whether the personality factors Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness would be correlated positively with moral competence in everyday life, whereas Extraversion and Neuroticism would be correlated negatively with morality, c) if there will be differences in students’ moral competence exhibited in everyday life and that expressed in PE/sports framework and d) whether type of school, factors of personality, as well as moral competence exhibited in sports-framework would all be significant factors for the interpretation of a student’s moral competence. The sample consisted of 331 junior high students (7th and 8th graders) (Mage = 12.47, SD = 0.740), who were given the Moral Competence Test Greek Version (Mouratidou et al. 2003), the Moral Judgment Test in Physical Education(Mouratidou et al. 2008), and the Inventory of Child Individual Differences (Besevegkis & Pavlopoulos 1998). The results indicated that of the five-factor personality model only Conscientiousness can affect moral reasoning ability in everyday life and that the type of school can account for less than 5% of variance when predicting moral competence in high school students.
Influence of Cultural and Historical Context on the Moral Competence in Modern Society (in Terms of Georgia and Russia)
Authors: Kaznina Eka
Published: October 2018

The break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991 sharply cast the relationships between the Republics of post-Soviet space and Russia back, mutual trust was  lost, economic and cultural interaction was practically stopped. The global changes of the 1990s in the field of political order, social and economic lifestyle in the countries of the former socialist camp brought up to severe demographic situation (depopulation), impoverishment of its significant part, criminalization of society and, what is quite important, to negative changes in consciousness and behavior of its population, including deformation of ethical code of personality, for long time fixing the acute social-cultural situation. A. Zhuravlev & A. Yurevich call that the moral collapse.                It is worth mentioning that the economic crisis of the 90s in Georgia was considerably more serious than in Russia. Attempt to teach norms of “new” morale were done by M. Saakashvili (2009–2013), who declared that during 20 years he would be able to change the mentality of Georgians – rejection of the Russian culture and language up to prohibition and adherence to anti-Russian policy at a level of the State. The author reports on that project and she intends to find the difference of how moral competence is understood by the generation which was formed in 1990s and the generation formed under the Soviet Union.
Humanistic Poets And Classical Philosophy
Authors: Blum Wilhelm
Published: October 2018

The aim of the article is to show that the so-called “philosophia perennis” is valid for our modern times too. Four philosophical schools of the Hellenistic times remain influential for the following centuries: Plato and Neoplatonism, Aristotle and the Peripatetics, the Stoics and the Epicureans. We are interpreting two, only two, poems from Thomas More and Jacob Balde, and so we see the greatest possible influence of all these four ancient philosophical schools.