bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Dynamic and Static Nature of Halogen Bonding in Neutral Polybromine Clusters with the Structural Feature, Elucidated by QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis and MO Calculations
Authors: Hayashi Satoko , Nishide Taro , Tanaka Eiichiro , Nakanishi Waro
Published: April 2021

The intrinsic dynamic and static nature of the non-covalent Br-*-Br interactions in the neutral polybromine clusters is elucidated for Br4–Br12, applying QTAIM dual functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA). The asterisk (*) emphasizes the existence of the bond critical point (BCP) on the interaction in question. Data from the fully optimized structures correspond to the static nature of interactions. The intrinsic dynamic nature is originated from those of the perturbed structures generated using the coordinates derived from the compliance constants for the interactions and the fully optimized structures. The non-covalent Br-*-Br interactions in the L-shaped clusters of the Cs symmetry are predicted to have the typical hydrogen bond nature without covalency, although the first ones in the sequences have the vdW nature. The L-shaped clusters are stabilized by the n(Br)->σ*(Br–Br) interactions. The compliance constants for the corresponding non-covalent interactions are strongly correlated to the E(2) values based on NBO. Indeed, the MO energies seem not contribute to stabilize Br4 (C2h) and Br4 (D2d), but the core potentials stabilize them, relative to the case of 2Br2, maybe due to the reduced nuclear-electron distances in the average for the dimmers.
Representation of Non-Western Cultural Knowledge on Wikipedia: The Case of the Visual Arts
Authors: Poulter Martin , Ahmed Waqās
Published: April 2021

We explore gaps in Wikipedia's coverage of the visual arts by comparing the representation of 100 artists and 100 artworks from the Western canon against corresponding sets of notable artists and artworks from non-Western cultures. We measure the coverage of these two sets of topics across Wikipedia as a whole and for its individual language versions. We also compare the coverage for Wikimedia Commons and Wikidata, sister-projects of Wikipedia that host digital media and structured data. We show that all these platforms strongly favour the Western canon, giving many times more coverage to Western art. We highlight specific examples of differing coverage of visual art inside and outside the Western canon. We find that European language versions of Wikipedia are generally more "Western" in their coverage and Asian languages more "global", with interesting exceptions. We suggest how both Wikipedia and the wider cultural sector can address this gap in content and thus give Wikipedia a truly global perspective on the visual arts.
Mapping the Challenges in Distance Learning for Students with Disabilities during Covid-19 Pandemic: Survey of Special Education Teachers
Authors: Supratiwi Mahardika , Yusuf Munawir , Anggarani Fadjri Kirana
Published: April 2021

The rapid spread of the Covid-19 virus has had an impact on various aspects of life, such as the economy, education, and socialisation. One of the social distancing policies in the field of education is the application of distance learning at the preschool, primary school, secondary school, special school, and college education levels. Its implementation has led to challenges for teachers, students, and parents, especially students with disabilities (SWD). The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges faced by the special education teachers (SETs) who have been providing distance learning for children with special needs during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted using a survey method by distributing questionnaires via Google Forms to 226 SETs in Indonesia. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics. The results show that most of the SETs (66%) stated that they had faced barriers to distance learning that came from parents, students, and other teachers, as well as technical barriers. According to the SETs’ perceptions, some of the barriers that came from parents included lack of coordination and communication, limited use of mobile phones, and limited time for parents to accompany the students. The barriers coming from students were boredom and their lack of abilities. Furthermore, the barriers from the SETs themselves included difficulties in adapting material to online learning, difficulties in monitoring and evaluating student progress, and the lack of direction and coordination from schools. Other technical barriers were the frequent blackouts and insufficient internet signal.

 
Good Morning, Orthopods: The Growth and Future Implications of Podcasts in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Jella Tarun K. , Cwalina Thomas B. , Acuña Alexander J. , Samuel Linsen T. , Kamath Atul F.
Published: April 2021

Background:

As the landscape of medical education evolves with emerging technologies and the COVID-19 pandemic, e-learning platforms continue to gain popularity. Orthopaedic podcasts, a burgeoning e-learning platform, continue to gain traction; however, there is a paucity of information regarding their coverage of topics and their distribution over time. Therefore, our analysis sought to (1) characterize podcast content related to orthopaedic surgery, and (2) evaluate the changes in the prevalence of orthopaedic podcasts over the past 15 years.

Methods:

Three common podcasting platforms (Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, and Spotify) were queried using the key terms “orthopaedic,” “orthopedic,” and “ortho” in order to identify a list of podcasts that are related to orthopaedic surgery. For each unique orthopaedic podcast, the title, the show description, the number of episodes, the date of the first episode, the date of the most recent episode, and episode frequency were collected. Podcasts were then classified based on a predetermined list of podcast domains. The number of existing active (released within the last 3 months) orthopaedic podcasts was then trended on a monthly basis from 2011 to 2020.

Results:

Ninety-four unique podcasts met inclusion criteria, 62 of which remained active as of October 25, 2020. The most common podcast domains were “general” (38 [40.4%]) and “clinical knowledge” (20 [21.3%]). Among the assessed podcasts, 90 (95.7%) utilized an exclusively audio format. The majority of podcasts were based in the United States (89.4%), included introductory music (72.3%), and included interviews (63.8%). Most podcast hosts were practicing orthopaedic surgeons (52.1%). Between January 2016 and October 2020, the number of active orthopaedic surgery podcasts grew more than twelvefold (1,240%) at an average rate of roughly 1 new podcast each month (average, 1.0 podcast; standard deviation, 1.8).

Discussion:

The past decade has seen sizable growth in the number of readily available podcasts related to orthopaedic surgery. Additional research is required to independently assess the quality of these resources and their implications for remote trainee education.
PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS DAN PERPUTARAN PERSEDIAAN TERHADAP RETURN ON ASSETS (ROA) DENGAN PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI PADA PERUSAHAAN MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN PERIODE 2015-2018
Authors: Irsa Asy Sams Dio , Halim Abdul , Retna Sari Ati
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menjelaskan pengaruh likuiditas dan perputaran persediaan terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan pertumbuhan penjualan sebagai variabel moderasi pada perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2015-2018. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah explanatory research, dengan pengujian asumsi klasik, dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi moderasian, serta menggunakan uji t. Jumlah sampel sebesar 11 perusahaan, dan metode pengambilan anggota sampel yang digunakan yaitu purposive judgment sampling. Variabel penelitian ini terdiri dari likuiditas dan perputaran persediaan sebagai variabel independen, return on assets (ROA) sebagai variabel dependen, dan pertumbuhan penjualan sebagai variabel moderasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial likuiditas dan perputaran persediaan berpengaruh terhadap return on assets (ROA), dan pertumbuhan penjualan memperkuat pengaruh likuiditas dan perputaran persediaan terhadap return on assets (ROA).
Multiple E-Learning technologies on practicing TOEFL structure and written expression
Authors: Pratiwi Damar Isti , Atmaja Dadang Sanjaya , Prasetya Henry Widya
Published: April 2021

The present study investigates how to implement multiple e-learning technologies on practicing TOEFL PBT Section 2, Structure and Written Expression, and its effectiveness. It is a case study at Indonesian Railway Polytechnic. The participants were 48 students of the Railway Mechanical Technology program observed during eight online TOEFL practising classes. The data were collected using observation note to describe the implementation of e-learning technologies, comparing each score to determine the effectiveness of the technologies and a questionnaire to identify students’ feedback. The findings identified how to implement multiple e-learning technologies on practicing TOEFL PBT Section 2 in which effective to increase students’ TOEFL score; those technologies were regarded as interesting media on practicing TOEFL structure and written expression and received more positive feedbacks than the drawback from the students of Railway Mechanical Technology program. These imply that implementing multiple e-learning technologies on practicing TOEFL structure and written expression enhances students’ learning outcomes. HIGHLIGHTS: Multiple e-learning technologies enhance students’ learning outcomes in TOEFL PBT Section 2, structure and written expression. Quizizz, Kahoot!, Socrative, and Google Forms are interesting media on practicing TOEFL Structure and Written Expression. The fourth e-learning technologies receive more positive feedbacks than the drawback from the students in on practicing TOEFL PBT section 2.
EFL students’ perception on the use of Grammarly and teacher feedback
Authors: Fahmi Mohammad Amiqul , Cahyono Bambang Yudi
Published: April 2021

Many studies on the Automated writing evaluation (AWE) Program predominantly focused on the outcomes of the students writing and the comparison between AWE programs. However, studies investigating the students' perception on combining an AWE program and teacher feedback are still insufficient.  This study examined the students' perception on the use of Grammarly and teacher feedback on their writing. It also sought to know whether the students' English proficiency level influences their perception. The participants included 26 undergraduate students of the Faculty of Law who were taking an English for Specific Purpose (ESP) Writing course when the data were collected. The data were the students' responses to the questionnaire and their TOEFL scores. The result of the analysis showed that the students perceived the use of Grammarly and teacher feedback positively. Furthermore, the students' perception on the use of Grammarly and teacher feedback was not influenced by their English proficiency level. Students of high and low English proficiency levels gave positive responses to the use of Grammarly and teacher feedback. HIGHLIGHTS: Combining two kinds of feedback (AWE program and the teacher) providers will produce the feedback that is truly helpful for both the teacher and the students. The role of teacher feedback cannot be neglected as it can complement the demerits of the AWE program. English teachers should consider the appropriate approach when using Grammarly for students with certain English proficiency level because students from different English proficiency levels need a different approach.
Power Generation at Room Temperature
Authors: Kohata Haruki , Obinata Mitsugu , Ikeda Takumi , Sekiya Hayato , Mei Biao , Wang Ye , Mizukoshi Kazushi , Isobe Toshihiro , Nakajima Akira , Matsushita Sachiko
Published: April 2021

The effective utilisation of thermal energy is crucial to a world aiming at sustainable development goals. The sensitised thermal cell (STC) is a new thermal energy conversion technology, which was reported in 2017, for generating electricity via the redox reactions of electrolyte ions with thermally excited carriers in semiconductors. STC is attracting attention as a technology that could affect oil prices globally. Here, we report the successful construction of STC, which discharges and recovers well at room temperature, by studying the interelectrode and ion diffusion distances. The fabricated STC is thinner than 0.5 mm and can be rendered flexible. Further, STCs, which possess a power generation capacity of 0.1 mA, 100 mV per 1 mm2 area, and shall be installed “in” internet-of-things (IoT) devices, drainage pipes, and walls in the future.
Pilot Test of a Spanish Version of a Previously Validated HPV Survey that Evaluates Dental Students’ Knowledge, Perception and Clinical Practices in Latin America
Authors: Pinzon Lilliam , Velazquez Alan , Rutkoski Holdunn , Tay Djin , Martel Laura , Drury Carmen , Ayres Shauna , Dixon Barbara , Winkler James , Kepka Deanna
Published: April 2021

Background: The global incidence of oropharyngeal cancer is increasing. Dental professionals play a key role in the detection of oral and OPC lesions that could lead to cancer. However, scientific-based HPV-OPC visual inspection guidelines are not fully defined. With sufficient knowledge and adequate training on how to educate patients about HPV vaccination, dental providers have the potential to lead HPV-OPC prevention. HPV knowledge and awareness has been reported to be low among dental student, oral health student, and oral health professional populations. Few if any of these studies have assessed the construct validity of instruments used to assess HPV knowledge and awareness among dental and oral health students and professionals. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of a Latin American Spanish translation of a multi-scale survey evaluating knowledge, perceptions, and clinical practices regarding HPV and HPV-OPC originally developed for English-speaking populations. Internal consistencies were measured using Cronbach Alpha. Analyses were conducted in SAS Version 9.4. Results: Data from a total of 122 students, a majority of the which were female (58%), aged 18 to 29 years old (93%), and Hispanic/Latino(a)/Spanish (87%). The HPV, HPV-OPC, and HPV vaccine knowledge subscales demonstrated good internal consistency, the Cronbach’s alpha was 0.83, 0.77, and 0.85 respectively. The Barriers subscale had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.92, showing a high internal consistency. The Clinical Procedures subscale focused on factors surrounding dental students’ hypothetical clinical practice procedures and had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80. The Scope of Practice scale had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.73. Conclusions: Ultimately, this survey demonstrated reliability and applicability for the assessment of dental students’ knowledge, perceptions, and clinical practices regarding HPV and HPV-OPC in Latin America.
The dynamic interplay of PIP2 and ATP in the regulation of the KATP channel
Authors: Pipatpolkai Tanadet , Usher Samuel , Vedovato Natascia , Ashcroft Frances , Stansfeld Phillip
Published: April 2021

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple the intracellular ATP concentration to insulin secretion. KATP channel activity is inhibited by ATP binding to the Kir6.2 tetramer and activated by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Here, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, electrophysiology and fluorescence spectroscopy to show that ATP and PIP2 occupy different binding pockets that share a single amino acid residue, K39. When both ligands are present, K39 shows a greater preference to co-ordinate with PIP2 than ATP. A neonatal diabetes mutation at K39 (K39R) increases the number of hydrogen bonds formed between K39 and PIP2, reducing ATP inhibition. We also find direct effects on nucleotide binding from mutating E179, a residue proposed to interact with PIP2. Our work suggests PIP2 and ATP interact allosterically to regulate KATP channel activity.
Analysis of Vaccine Supply and Demand in National Immunization Program for Children and the need for Establishing Vaccine Stockpiles in China
Authors: Ning Miao , Jian Cui , Yi Liu , Guomin Zhang
Published: April 2021

Introduction

The number of vaccines used in China's childhood immunization program had continued to increase, from four in 1978 to ten in 2019. We described the supply and demand of vaccines, and compared the ratio of vaccine supply and demand of each vaccine to illustrate the shortage of vaccines and the need of vaccine stockpiles in China.
Methods

We downloaded the manufacturers supplying vaccines and the vaccination requirements for the national immunization program for children from 2016 to 2019 in the National Immunization Program Information system, as well as the batch issue data of biological products from the official website of China Academy of Food and Drug Control (CFDA). Vaccine prices were obtained from Chinese Central Government Procurement (CCGP).The demand, supply, and the ratio of vaccine supply and demand of each vaccine were calculated respectively.
Results

On average, five out of ten vaccines were supplied by three or more enterprises, three kinds of vaccines were supplied by two enterprises and two kinds of vaccines were supplied only by one enterprise between 2016 to 2019. The ratio of vaccine supply and demand of Diphtheria-tetanus and Group A meningitis polysaccharide were 79.52% and 67.99% respectively, with a potential shortage. There were three vaccines with a supply-demand ratio below 80% in 2016–2018, and five in 2019. The number of potential vaccine shortage was increasing. The average price of vaccines with potential shortage was $ 0.28. The average price of other vaccines without shortage was $ 1.8.
Conclusions

Most vaccines used in the childhood immunization program are available to meet demand, but there are also some vaccines with the risk of shortage and the number of vaccines with the risk of shortage tends to increase. The next step is to develop a national stockpiling mechanism to avoid a shortage of vaccines.
Mechanical Properties and Pore Structure Characteristics of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Modified by Highland Barley Straw Ash
Authors: Cao Feng , Qiao Hongxia , Wang Penghui , Li Weijia
Published: April 2021

Highland barley straw ash contains a large amount of silica, and the ash calcined and ground under certain conditions has a higher pozzolanic effect. In order to study the effect of HBSA added into magnesium oxychloride cement mortar (MOCM) on the mechanical properties and pore structure, the activity of highland barley straw ash was studied firstly through the macroscopic mechanical properties test. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Brunner−Emmet−Teller (BET) were used to test the distribution of full pore and micropore for MOCM respectively. The microstructure of MOCM was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results illustrate that the highest activity of HBSA was obtained by calcining at 600℃ for 2h and grinding for 2h. The addition of HBSA has a significant effect on the mechanical properties and pore diameter distribution of MOCM. A large amount of M-S-H gel was generated in MOCM added with 10% HBSA content, and had a consequence of decreased proportion of larger pores and the increased proportion of micropores as well as the better mechanical properties and pore structure.
Characteristic variations of bacterial nanocellulose incorporated with different cellulosic additives
Authors: Bang Won Yeong , Kim Dong Hyun , Kang Mi Dan , Yang Jungwoo , Huh Taelin , Lim Young Woon , Jung Young Hoon
Published: April 2021

Bacterial cellulose (BNC) is a promising biocompatible material. Improvements of the BNC production and its surface characteristics should be attained to make it commercially viable. In this study, in-situ fermentation and production of BNC by addition of different cellulosic substrates such as Avicel and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were performed using Komagataeibacter sp. SFCB22-18. The addition of cellulosic substrates improved BNC production by a maximum of about 5 times and slightly modified its structural properties. The changes in morphological and structural changes of BNC were investigated by using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, a unique biological analysis approach for quantifying the surface crystallinity of the BNC surface was applied using a type-A cellulose-binding protein, CtCBD3. This result shows that since Avicel and CMC may attach on the microfibrils during the production or crystallization of BNC, cellulose-binding protein could be a feasible option for identifying the crystalline properties of BNC with high sensitivity.
Phase II Study of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy with Hydrogel Spacer for Prostate Cancer: Acute Toxicity and Propensity Score-matched Comparison
Authors: Ogita Mami , Yamashita Hideomi , Nozawa Yuki , Ozaki Sho , Sawayanagi Subaru , Ohta Takeshi , Nakagawa Keiichi
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe efficacy of a hydrogel spacer in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has not been clarified. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of SBRT in combination with a hydrogel spacer for prostate cancer. MethodsThis is a prospective single-center, single-arm phase II study. Prostate cancer patients without lymph node or distant metastasis were eligible. All patients received a hydrogel spacer insertion, followed by SBRT of 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions with volumetric modulated arc therapy. The primary endpoint was physician-assessed acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity within 3 months. The secondary endpoints were physician-assessed acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity, patient-reported outcomes evaluated by the EPIC and FACT-P questionnaires, and dosimetric comparison. We used propensity score-matched analyses to compare patients with the hydrogel spacer with those without the spacer. The historical data of the control without a hydrogel spacer was obtained from our hospital’s electronic records. ResultsForty patients were enrolled between February 2017 and July 2018. A hydrogel spacer significantly reduced the dose to the rectum. Grade 2 acute GI and GU toxicity occurred in seven (18%) and 17 (44%) patients. The EPIC bowel and urinary summary score declined from the baseline to the first month (P < 0.01, < 0.01), yet it was still significantly lower in the third month (P < 0.01, P = 0.04). For propensity score-matched analyses, no significant differences in acute GI and GU toxicity were observed between the two groups. The EPIC bowel summary score was significantly better in the spacer group at 1 month (82.2 in the spacer group and 68.5 in the control group). ConclusionsSBRT with a hydrogel spacer had the dosimetric benefits of reducing the rectal doses. The use of the hydrogel spacer did not reduce physician-assessed acute toxicity, but it improved patient-reported acute bowel toxicity.Trial registrationTrial registration: UMIN-CTR, UMIN000026213. Registered 19 February 2017, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000029385
Fallkonstellationen zum Einsatz digitaler Medien im Unterricht
Authors: Gerthofer Lukas , Schneider Jennifer
Published: April 2021

Diesem Beitrag liegt der Gedanke zu Grunde, dass sich die Dominanz digitaler Medien im Alltag von Schülerinnen und Schülern nicht ausreichend in den Bildungs-einrichtungen in Deutschland widerspiegelt. Dabei steht die Forschungsfrage im Mittelpunkt, welche Konstellationen von personenbezogenen Ursachen von Lehrpersonen zu (mangelndem) Einsatz digitaler Medien im Unterricht führen. Zur Beantwortung der zentralen Fragestellung wurde das auf den Bildungskontext adaptierte und bereits empirisch gut untersuchte UTAUT-Modell verwendet. Daraus ergeben sich im Wesentlichen sechs Einflussfaktoren: Der wahrgenommene Mehrwert für die Lehrpersonen, der vermutete Aufwand für die Integration der digitalen Medien in den Unterricht, die selbstbezogene Überzeugung die Medien auch im Unterricht (sicher) einsetzen zu können, die unterstützenden Bedingungen, die Einstellung der Lehrpersonen gegenüber Medien und der soziale Einfluss. Es wurden elf in die Untersuchung einfliessende Interviews mit Lehrpersonen an weiterführenden Schulen geführt und einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse unterzogen. Die Aussagen der Lehrpersonen wurden hinsichtlich der oben genannten Einflussfaktoren analysiert. Das daraus resultierende Muster der Einflussfaktoren auf die Mediennutzung wurde darauf aufbauend in einem fallstudienähnlichen Design beschrieben und veranschaulicht. Durch den qualitativen Ansatz ist es möglich, besser zu verstehen, in welchen Konstellationen Lehrpersonen Medien nutzen.
Sustainable Development Goals in agriculture and responsible investment: A comparative study of the Czech Republic and Ukraine
Authors: Plastun Alex , Makarenko Inna , Grabovska Tetiana , Situmeang Ricardo , Bashlai Serhii
Published: April 2021

This paper explores some Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs – 2 and 12) in agriculture for the Czech Republic and Ukraine. The idea is to find out best practices in implementing SDGs 2 and 12 within the responsible investment framework. For these purposes, benchmarking (comparative analysis) is used. Using data over the period of 2017–2020, a general comparative review of global and national targets of SDGs 2 and 12 in Ukraine and the Czech Republic is provided. The results justify the merely incorporation and compliance of these targets at the national and global levels. The identified problems in achieving SDG 2 and SDG 12 are common for Ukraine and the Czech Republic and relate to unequal access to investment and financial resources. Recommendations and solutions to the most important problems based on the responsible investment instruments are proposed in this paper. The research findings can be useful for regulators (both in agriculture and in the financial market), companies and a wide group of other stakeholders in promoting responsible investment to make more comprehensive progress towards SDG 2 and 12 in Czech Republic and Ukraine by 2030.
AcknowledgmentAuthors are grateful to the Czech government for the support provided by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, which allowed this scientific cooperation to start within the project “AgriSciences Platform for Scientific Enhancement of HEIs in Ukraine”.
Terra e agricultura nas relações sino-angolanas
Authors: Lins Hoyêdo Nunes , Correia Filho Luísa
Published: April 2021

A busca por recursos naturais sobressai nas investidas internacionais de alguns países, sendo a China uma das melhores ilustrações. Motiva a política externa chinesa, assim orientada, o abastecimento principalmente de matérias primas energéticas e de produtos agrícolas. Para as áreas implicadas, os desdobramentos podem se mostrar problemáticos, mormente pelas disputas por recursos essenciais. Este estudo focaliza esse assunto, investigando a parceria governamental entre China e Angola que criou a empresa Jiangzhou. Entre as principais atividades da iniciativa, figura o cultivo de soja, para envio à China, em uma grande fazenda instalada no município angolano da Tchicala Cholohanga, pertencente à Província do Huambo. Baseado notadamente em trabalho de campo, com levantamento de dados e informações in situ e com numerosas entrevistas – junto a agricultores, trabalhadores da empresa Jiangzhou e integrantes do staff de ministérios e de ONGs –, o estudo contextualiza essa cooperação sino-angolana, caracteriza e descreve o empreendimento agrícola e discute alguns de seus aspectos, sobretudo os relativos à disputa com a população nativa por terra e água e às condições impostas aos trabalhadores de origem local.
Oxidized Polysaccharides as Green and Sustainable Biomaterials
Authors: Matsumura Kazuaki , Rajan Robin
Published: April 2021

Polysaccharide-based materials have been widely used as the first-choice candidates
for various applications, especially in the field of biomaterials. The primary reasons for
this are the sustainable nature of these materials and their high bioavailability. Their ability to
be easily chemically modified enables them to be utilized in various avenues, with oxidation
of the backbone being one of the most common chemical modifications. Additionally, these
materials degrade via different pathways (enzymatically and chemically) and are hence ideal
candidates for biomedical applications. This review summarizes the recent progress made
with different oxidized polysaccharides and their potential applications to the field of biomaterials.
Immune System and Methamphetamine: Molecular Basis of a Relationship
Authors: Macur Katarzyna , Ciborowski Pawel
Published: April 2021

The use of methamphetamine (Meth) as a drug of abuse is on the rise worldwide. Besides
its effect on the function of the brain, Meth has detrimental effects on how the immune system
functions. As documented in the literature, various experimental models (cellular, animal, mice, and
non-human primates) have been used that have contributed to the overall knowledge about immune
system impairments from Meth exposure. It has to be noted that while Meth is used in very few
treatments, it affects a broad range of biological mechanisms, not only immune regulation, in a
negative manner. Undoubtfully, the effect of Meth is highly complex; moreover, the initial molecular
triggers remain unknown. The analyses of available literature suggest that the effect of Meth is
not prompted by one underlying mechanism. Although the effect of Meth might be either acute or
long-lasting, the overall effect is negative. Further advancement of our knowledge on Meth’s specific
actions will require systematic experimental approaches using all available models. In addition,
bioinformatic analyses are necessary to build a comprehensive model as a needed tool to fill
the gap in knowledge.
Promising online learning and teaching in digital age: systematic review analysis
Authors: Rahmat Azwar , Syakhrani Abdul Wahab , Satria Erwinsyah
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses online learning in the digital era by reviewing various international publications. This study is interesting given the growth of schools offering online education. This trend continues to develop, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world, which caused all social activities to stop. For that reason, we are interested in discussing online learning strategies, enriching the learning experience. Our analytical process involves coding, evaluation, and in-depth interpretation to obtain valid and reliable findings. We conducted data searches with the help of electronic searches on the Google Scholar app, ERIC publications, and Academic Microsoft between 2015 and publication in 2021. As a result, online educational activities have won a place in the hearts of students and teachers, which occur automatically through website technology. More specifically, this is called "e-learning." This is a promising distance learning that has become a trend for students and scientists and has become a way for people to get information about their needs.
Optimization of Vanillin Extraction from Biodegradation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Serpula lacrymans
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Azizah Nurul , Suhartini Sri ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Nurika Irnia ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: April 2021

Abstract This research aims to determine the combination of the ethyl acetate solvent volume and the extraction time that resulted in the optimum response of vanillin content and vanillin yield from the degradation of lignocellulose components from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). First, OPEFB degraded using Serpula lacrymans to break down lignocellulosic components. The research design used a centralized composite design with two factors, the volume of ethyl acetate solvent (ml) and the extraction time (minutes). The responses of the experiment are vanillin content and vanillin yields. The optimization analysis results showed that the volume of ethyl acetate solvent and extraction time have a quadratic effect on the vanillin content and vanillin yields. The optimal solution was obtained by treatment with ethyl acetate volume 101.1 ml and extraction time 123.5 minutes. The optimal solution prediction results obtained vanillin content 0.014% and vanillin yield 7.302 μg/g with desirability of 92.8%. Validation based on the optimal solution’s prediction brought response vanillin content 0.013% and vanillin yield 6.950 μg/g. The vanillin content and yield validation results differed respectively by 4.081% and 4.826% lower when compared to predictions on the optimal solution. Keywords: ethyl acetate, vanillin content, vanillin yield
Shelf-life Estimation of Instant Pempek Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) Rancidity with the Arrhenius Acceleration Method
Authors:   Universitas Padjadjaran, Hanidah In-In , Sumanti Debby Moody ,   Universitas Padjadjaran, Mulyono Agung Tri ,   Pertamina Hulu Energi Offshore Nort West Java, Yusuf Novy Prakusya ,   Universitas Padjadjaran
Published: April 2021

Abstract Rancidity is one of the potential damages to the instant pempek rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) during storage. The purpose of this study was to estimate the shelf life of instant pempek rajungan packed with polypropylene plastic (PP) based on the relationship between storage temperatures and free fatty acids produced. Estimation of shelf life using the acceleration method based on the Arrhenius model. Samples were stored for 30 days at three different temperatures, 25 ± 2 °C, 35 ± 2 °C, and 45 ± 2 °C. The parameter observed during the storage process was an assessment of the rancidity level based on the free fatty acids formed in the sample. Data were analyzed using linear regression and the equation obtained was used to calculate the shelf life of pempek rajungan at room temperature (27 °C). The results showed that the storage time for instant pempek rajungan products at temperatures of 25 ± 2 °C, 35 ± 2 °C, and 45 ± 2 °C could be estimated to be 78, 86, and 70 days respectively with an increase in the number of free fatty acids of 85.2018%, 265.3478%, and 253.1427%. Keywords: Arrhenius, free fatty acid, instant, pempek rajungan, shelf life
Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of Balanced Scorecard Implementation in Public Sector Institution (A Study in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) Indonesia)
Authors: Sirait Bernard Teguh Rizaldi , Wijaya Andy Fefta , Putra Fadillah
Published: April 2021

Implementing Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in public sector’s performance management system is interesting, due to public sector’s concern for performance measurement. As one promising performance management tools, BSC was originally designed for the private sector institution, but later gaining its popularity among the public institutions. How well BSC implementation is possibly determined by some Critical Success Factors (CSFs). This study examined some CSFs in the BSC implementation in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) Indonesia using a qualitative study with an interactive model by Miles at al., (2014). This study found that BSC implementation brought changes in the MoFA’s performance, despite the absence of organizational changes for BSC adaptation. Top and middle management attention for the implementation and training and education are the most determining factors in the BSC implementation in MoFA. This study support the importance of the four CSFs examined in this study in implementing BSC in public sector.
Blast Fishing Activity and Coping Strategies in Indonesia (South Nias and Pohuwato Regency)
Authors: Saragih Rina Amalia , Trencher Gregory
Published: April 2021

Indonesia is one such country that has not yet been successful with strategies of the government to cope with the blast fishing problem. In the existing literature, many scholars tend to study the impact of blast fishing activity from a social and ecological perspective, and few works focus on examining the governance arrangements in place to tackle blast fishing, the effectiveness of these, and how they might be improved. This research uses the case of South Nias and Pohuwato Regency in Indonesia to understand and analyses the factors affecting the outcomes of governance measures to cope with blast fishing. Findings revealed that the blast fishing situation is less improved in South Nias but significantly reduced in Pohuwato. The existing strategies in South Nias have not succeeded in eradicating the blast fishing activity of because of the lack budget and resources for implementing preventative actions. In contrast, in Pohuwato, the involvement of resource users, the co-ordination of government institutions, sharing of resources between the authorities and the community appear to be the main factors that have contributed to more effective governance measures and a decline in blast fishing activity.
CITY TOURISM TRANSPORTATION SERVICES: A CASE STUDY OF DOUBLE-DECKER BUS ROUTE 5 IN SPECIAL CAPITAL REGION OF JAKARTA
Authors: Avianto Bhakti Nur , Oktaviani Erina
Published: April 2021

The Government of Special Capital Region of Jakarta until the end of 2019 seeks to revitalize tourism program by launching double-decker bus. But this implementation, there are still problems with a low level of passenger services, shelters without seats, small bus AC rooms, and responsiveness of PLB officers is still low. Purpose of this study is to explore values bus transportation services that are predicted for quality and service satisfaction. The approach used is survey methodology with results show that bus transportation service predicted values for service quality is transparency aspect; accountability; and conditional; all service products used by passengers. While, participatory aspect; equal rights; and the balance of rights and obligations, predicted to impact in service satisfaction received—recommendations for improvements in service quality, especially provision facilities and ease accessibility. While improvement service satisfaction is improved, safety on buses and empathy PLB officers in responding services.
PERFORMANCE LEGITIMACY: THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS UNDER THE SULTAN’S ADMINISTRATION IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Harsono Dwi
Published: April 2021

In his capacity as governor, Hamengkubuwono has a coordinating role to play between the provincial, municipal and district governments in Yogyakarta. Though most policy responsibility lies with the districts and city of Yogyakarta, the sultan still has an important function to fulfil as effective cooperation between different tiers of government is a crucial factor in facilitating successful policy outcomes at the local level. For the sultan, his role as mediator and coordinator works well because it reinforces public perceptions of him as a neutral arbiter who stays aloof from the bickering of day-to-day politics. Over the years, he has cultivated this image of a paternalistic figure by making regular appeals to district heads and the mayor of Yogyakarta to serve the people better. In the rare events where conflicts arise over public policy (for example over land), Hamengkubuwono successfully deflected the blame for controversial policies to the lower-level governments, even though the royal palace often has a direct stake in these policy decisions.
Unsupervised Machine Learning for Identifying Challenging Behavior Profiles to Explore Cluster-Based Treatment Efficacy in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Retrospective Data Analysis Study
Authors: Gardner-Hoag Julie , Novack Marlena , Parlett-Pelleriti Chelsea , Stevens Elizabeth , Dixon Dennis , Linstead Erik
Published: April 2021

Background

Challenging behaviors are prevalent among individuals with autism spectrum disorder; however, research exploring the impact of challenging behaviors on treatment response is lacking.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to identify types of autism spectrum disorder based on engagement in different challenging behaviors and evaluate differences in treatment response between groups.

Methods

Retrospective data on challenging behaviors and treatment progress for 854 children with autism spectrum disorder were analyzed. Participants were clustered based on 8 observed challenging behaviors using k means, and multiple linear regression was performed to test interactions between skill mastery and treatment hours, cluster assignment, and gender.

Results

Seven clusters were identified, which demonstrated a single dominant challenging behavior. For some clusters, significant differences in treatment response were found. Specifically, a cluster characterized by low levels of stereotypy was found to have significantly higher levels of skill mastery than clusters characterized by self-injurious behavior and aggression (P<.003).

Conclusions

These findings have implications on the treatment of individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Self-injurious behavior and aggression were prevalent among participants with the worst treatment response, thus interventions targeting these challenging behaviors may be worth prioritizing. Furthermore, the use of unsupervised machine learning models to identify types of autism spectrum disorder shows promise.
Hyaluronic acid as an active agent to accelerate bone regeneration aftertooth extraction: a literature review
Authors: I Putu Gede Andyka Yasa , I Made Jawi  , I Made Muliarta
Published: April 2021

Tooth extraction is a dental treatment that is performed frequently in dentistry. This procedure will stimulate a sophisticated healing process involving a variety of biological factors although it takes a long time to complete. Three phases occur in this process i.e. the inflammatory phase, the proliferation phase, and the remodeling phase which aim to restore the tissue function. Several interventions can be used to accelerate bone formation after tooth extraction. Recently, hyaluronic acid (HA) has been commonly used in dentistry due to their essential physiological effects for the periodontal connective tissue, gingiva, and alveolar bone. Hyaluronic acidis a natural non-sulfate glycosaminoglycans compound that has high molecular weight consisting of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. Hyaluronic acidis also a component of the extracellular matrix that plays an important role in morphogenesis and tissue healing. The mechanism of action of HA works in two ways, that is passive and active mechanism. The passive mechanism is depend on physical and chemical properties of HA that can change the molecular weight and concentration properties. The active mechanism of HA works by stimulating signal transduction pathway initiated by ligand binding with its receptors through autocrine or paracrine processes. The administration of HA can accelerate bone formation due to it can enhance bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) which belongs to the TGF- β superfamily that has high osteogenic capacity. The HA works through a passive mechanism that depends on its molecular weight and an active mechanism by increasing BMP activity.
Evaluation of empirical antibiotic usage and cost analysis of patients with nosocomial pneumonia in ICU of RSUP Dr. Sardjito, yogyakarta
Authors: Minar Paskah Lianti Manik  , Rizka Humardewayanti Asdie  , Ika Puspitasari
Published: April 2021

The rationality of antibiotic usage has an implication on the therapeutic quality and antimicrobial resistance control. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of this rationality becomes one quality indicator of hospitals' antimicrobial resistance programs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between the rationality of antibiotic usage with clinical outcomes and the total cost in nosocomial pneumonia patients treated in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The method used was descriptive-analytic observational research with a cross-sectional design analysis, and data were collected retrospectively from the medical and financial record of patients with inclusion criteria. The data were then analyzed descriptively using the Gyssens flowchart. Fisher statistical test was conducted to analyze the relationship between rationality data and therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, the Mann Whitney statistical test was conducted to examine the relationship between rationality data and the cost, while the paired t-test was conducted to analyze the resistance pattern. The results showed that antibiotic usage in patients with nosocomial pneumonia at the ICU of RSUP Dr. Sardjito was irrational and rational by 30.21% (29 regimens) and 69.79% (67 regimens) respectively. This rationality has a relation with clinical outcome based on Fisher test with p-value = 0.001 (p <0.05). Considering these results, the antibiotics cost both in the rational and irrational category has no significant difference with the p-value of 0.90 (p<0.05).
Animal models in antihypertensive drug development research
Authors: Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih  , Mia Munawarroh Yuniyanti  , Rahmi Ayu Wijayaningsih  , Mosa Rini Nurul Hidayati  , Setyo Purwono
Published: April 2021

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in the world. However, its pathogenesis is not fully understood and its treatment is not yet satisfying. Animal models of hypertension have been useful to understand the pathogenesis of hypertension and to test novel therapeutic agents. There are several kinds of hypertension animal models. Each model has different characteristics. Knowing the characteristic of each model is important to obtain valid research. This review will describe several available methods to develop animal model for hypertension.
The role of interprofessional education (IPE) for medical students in pharmacology subject
Authors: Alfian Novanda Yosanto  , Sufi Desrini  , Wulandari Berliani Putri
Published: April 2021

Interprofessional education (IPE) is a learning method that allows the clinical clerkship to study together, exchange knowledge, and develop the skill that is needed in interprofessional collaborative work practice. This article analyzed the elements within IPE including background, operational definition, goals and benefits, implementation, as well as competency in IPE. Furthermore, the role of IPE for medical students especially in pharmacology subject was discussed. In summary, interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is needed to answer the high demand and complexity of patient problems in minimizing medication errors due to low IPC. The IPE is an early step towards realizing IPC where each profession can understand each other’s roles and responsibilities to achieve comprehensive patient health.