bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PD-1 antibody–bound progenitor-exhausted CD8+ T cells in lymph nodes boost PD-1–blockade anti-tumor immunity in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Saito Takuro , Nose Yohei , Yasumizu Yoshiaki , Nakamura Yamami , Momose Kota , Yamashita Kotaro , Tanaka Koji , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Makino Tomoki , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Sato Eichi , Ohkura Naganari , Sakaguchi Shimon , Wada Hisashi , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro
Published: June 2024

While progenitor-exhausted T cells (Tpex) expressing TCF1 and PD-1 are crucial for the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs; therapeutic anti–PD-1 antibodies), the dynamics of ICI-bound Tpex are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated ICI-bound T cells in detail using combined sequencing analysis at the single cell level. By analyzing samples from gastrointestinal cancer patients with or without ICI treatment, we found that Tpex were enriched in proximal lymph nodes (LNs) and proliferated at a high rate after ICI treatment. Importantly, ICI high–bound Tpex in LNs shared T-cell receptor clonotypes with intratumoral exhausted CD8+ T cells (Tex), suggesting their migration to tumor sites after ICI treatment. These findings indicate that ICIs initially target PD-1+CD8+ Tpex in LNs, prompting their proliferation. Subsequently, these cells migrate to tumors and differentiate into Tex, thereby exerting anti-tumor immunity.
V-notch crack initiation by the coupled criterion considering plasticity
Authors: Doitrand Aurélien , Leguillon Dominique
Published: June 2024

An extension of the coupled criterion (CC) of finite fracture mechanics is proposed in order to assess brittle crack initiation considering plasticity. The main change compared to the classical linear elastic approach consists in considering the plastic strain energy variation due to crack initiation. The proposed approach enables assessing quasi-brittle failure at singularities or stress concentrators in materials exhibiting plastic deformation. It is illustrated on V-notch steel specimens subjected to bending. If plastic deformation is disregarded, the CC underestimates the failure force compared to those measured experimentally. Considering plasticity yields a better representation of failure force variation as a function of the V-notch angle.
Comparative Analysis of Sexual Function and Psychological Health in Infertile Patients with Different Ovarian Dysfunctions
Authors: Dong Meng , Li Yiyang , Li Yining , Wang Yixian , Tan Jichun
Published: June 2024

Objective
This study aims to evaluate and compare sexual function and psychological health among infertile patients with different ovarian dysfunctions, specifically polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), and women with normal ovarian function, to understand the extent of sexual dysfunction associated with these conditions.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis involving 340 women, categorized into three groups: PCOS, POI, and normal ovarian function (Control). Sexual function was quantitatively assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), which measures six dimensions of sexual function: desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to compare FSFI scores across the groups, followed by post-hoc tests to identify significant differences between each pair of groups.
Results
The mean FSFI scores were significantly lower in the POI and PCOS groups compared to the Control group (p < 0.05). Women with POI and PCOS exhibited higher incidences of anxiety and depression. Significant differences were observed in arousal ability, vaginal lubricity, and satisfaction scores among the groups, with the Control group generally scoring higher. The incidence of lubrication disorder was highest in the PCOS group (p < 0.05). Multivariable-adjusted analyses identified longer infertility duration and higher Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores as significant predictors of sexual dysfunction.
Conclusion
This study highlights the significant impact of reproductive health conditions such as POI and PCOS on sexual and psychological health. The findings underscore the need for integrated care approaches that address both physical and mental health aspects in women with these conditions. By enhancing our understanding of these relationships, we can improve the quality of life for women affected by POI and PCOS. Clinicians should consider both the physiological and psychological dimensions in their treatment plans to ensure comprehensive care that addresses the full spectrum of patient needs.
Evaluation of Techno-Economic Design and Implementation of Solar-Wind Hybrid Microgrid System for a Small Community
Authors: Moomin Ahmed Shabbir Ibrahim , Yousif Muhammad , Kazmi Syed Ali Abbas
Published: June 2024

The energy demand and consumption requirements in Pakistan are facing significant challenges due to the recent gradual increase in population; intensifies the critical energy issues confronting the country. Additionally, energy consumption per capita in Pakistan has been steadily rising and is expected to continue increasing in the future. Buyers as a result need to buy such energy in order to produce other features too. The conventional energy globally is the primary energy usage for transforming these machineries function into different kinds of infrastructure methods instead of handmade designs which takes a lot of time duration. Crude oil and petroleum liquids have been the main principal to start these conventional generators and transportation automobiles into production. However, the carbon dioxide gas and other forms from these conventional energy generators has been increasing efficiency which is the main concern for energy generation in Pakistan and the rest of the world. Hence, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind farming have been contributing a significant percentage of their daily energy needs. However, these energy has not had such standard rather than conventional energy such as fossil fuels regular. Thus, a microgrid hybrid containing Solar-Wind renewable and conventional generator are in need to produce sustainable Electricity in a small community. On one hand, solar-wind combine can produce energy with specify timing. On the other hand, there are expensive cost. This factor can have prominent issue such as frequent electricity blackouts and imbalanced energy provision across different regions. Therefore, the microgrid hybrid systems can evaluate these incorporating solar PV and wind power renewable energy sources and fossil fuel generators as an optimum feasibility cost. In addition, this optimum feasibility can provide predictable forecasts of these energy production in the future based on economic factors in the small community in Islamabad. This assessment can have HOMER software simulation which faced by challenges in order to explore sustainable solutions through the integration of renewable/conventional energy sources into the existing energy infrastructure.
Neuroinflammation Induces Myelin Damage by Inhibiting Gapdh of Oligodendrocytes in the Hippocampus
Authors: Li Zhongjia , Fu Huiqun , Liu Fangyan , Wu Yan , Wang Tianlong
Published: June 2024

Background Myelin damage has been detected in central nervous system disease accompanied by neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. However, the mechanism of myelin damage associated with neuroinflammation in the aged brain has not been clarified.
Methods We explored the mechanism of myelin damage induced by neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of aged rats through both in vivo and in vitro approaches from the perspective of energy synthesis in oligodendrocytes. We developed a neuroinflammation model by single intraperitoneal injection of LPS and determined cognitive dysfunction and myelin damage in the hippocampus. Single-cell RNA sequencing was employed to exam gene expression changes related to neuroinflammation in oligodendrocytes of the hippocampus and identified Gapdh as a significantly downregulated gene. In vitro, OLN-93 cells were induced to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and treated with TNF-α. The effect of Gapdh on TNF-α-induced energy synthesis suppression and MBP reduction in mature oligodendrocytes, and mitochondrial damage, was assessed through Gapdhoverexpression.
Results In aged rats, spatial learning and memory impairments were triggered by LPS, alongside neuroinflammatory responses, as evidenced by elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the hippocampus. Additionally, there was a reduction in myelin protein expression and disorganization within the myelin structure, which was notably thinner in the hippocampus of the LPS-treated group. The proportion of mature oligodendrocyte clusters related to myelination and remyelination decreased, and the expression level of Gapdh significantly decreased in each oligodendrocyte cluster of the LPS group. In vitro, TNF-α induced mature oligodendrocyte apoptosis and reduced GAPDH and MBP expression. The glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation ability of cells decreased, accompanied by decreased lactate concentration and ATP content. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and damage were also detected. Overexpression of Gapdh improved damage induced by TNF-α.
Conclusions Neuroinflammation impairs the energy synthesis functions of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondria in mature oligodendrocytes, by inhibiting Gapdh expression. Lack of energy support decreases myelin basic protein levels, subsequently resulting in myelin deterioration, which may lead to cognitive dysfunction.
Integrated analysis of physiological and metabolic data uncovers essential dynamic mechanisms involved in the maturation of cigar tobacco leaves
Authors: Liu Haiying , Chi Xinwen , Yang Jinpeng , Ding Guangda , Xu Fangsen , Yang Chunlei , Wang Sheliang
Published: June 2024

The timing of maturity significantly impacts the quality of cigar tobacco leaves, with both premature and delayed maturation leading to quality degradation. Despite the known association between maturity and physiological metabolic activities, there is a paucity of concrete evidence detailing the physiological behavior of cigar leaves harvested at varying times. This research involved a comprehensive physiological and metabolomic examination of the cigar tobacco variety CX-014, cultivated in Danjiangkou City, Hubei Province. The study focused on leaves picked at 35 (T1), 42 (T2), 49 (T3), and 56 (T4) days following the removal of the apical inflorescence. As the harvest period progressed, the leaves’ hue transitioned from green to yellow, displaying white mature spots. Between T1 and T2, there was an uptick in pigment indices (like chlorophyll a and b) and photosynthetic traits (such as stomatal conductance), which then diminished in the T3 and T4 samples. Optimal levels of sugar-to-nicotine and potassium-to-chlorine ratios—key indicators of smoking quality and tobacco combustibility—were observed at T3, suggesting a more balanced chemical composition in the leaves harvested at this stage. Metabolomic analysis revealed 2,153 distinct metabolites, with the most significant changes occurring between T2 and T3, highlighting critical physiological transformations during this interval. Pathway enrichment analysis via KEGG pinpointed notable shifts in amino acid synthesis pathways, particularly those involving tryptophan, alanine, and aspartate. Tryptophan metabolism and zeatin biosynthesis were substantially altered, with compounds like indolepyruvic acid, N-formylpurine nucleotide, isopentenyladenine nucleotide, and dihydrozeatin showing marked reductions at T3. This study also explored how the timing of lower leaf harvest influences the physiological processes of middle leaves, finding that a plethora of metabolites associated with the breakdown of arachidonic acid—a primitive metazoan signaler implicated in plant stress and defense networks—were abundant in T3 leaves when lower leaves were harvested 43 to 38 days prior. These findings suggest that the harvest timing of lower leaves may sway the maturation physiology and environmental adaptability of middle leaves. Overall, this investigation sheds light on the intricate physiological dynamics of cigar leaves throughout maturation and pinpoints crucial metabolites that signify pivotal metabolic pathways.
Determining the Challenges and Satisfaction of faculty with the use of Electronic Test Management System at Riphah International University
Authors: Iqbal Sana , Sabqat Mashaal , Ain Noor ul , Khan Rehan Ahmed , Kazmi Fatima Ali , Ashraf Javed
Published: June 2024

Aim: The study aimed to identify challenges faced by faculty in the item banking process at Riphah International University and to assess faculty satisfaction with Electronic Test Management System (ETMS)—Schoolhouse testing software.
Methodology: The study used quasi-experimental design and data was collected in two phases: pre-intervention and post-intervention. A purposive sampling was used in order to select faculty members who were involved in item banking practices at the medical college of Riphah International University (RIU). The questionnaires with 5-point Likert scales were used to measure challenges associated with current item banking, and a faculty satisfaction survey was conducted using Schoolhouse testing software. Both the questionnaires were validated for content, response process validity, and reliability.
Result: The faculty of Riphah International University encountered slight challenges in item security (71%), alignment of assessment items and high-quality assessments (42%,56%), time intensiveness (58%), and sorting questions according to different categories (60%). The adoption of ETMS Schoolhouse addressed these challenges, leading to increased satisfaction among faculty members. The faculty expressed satisfaction with user-friendliness (35%), user interface and the process of storing (29%) and retrieving test items (33%) in the software. However, aspects such as the improvement in the search function, and security of test items, displayed comparatively lower satisfaction levels, which was 22% each.
Conclusion: The study found that item banking at Riphah International University poses challenges for faculty. Schoolhouse testing software can help with these challenges, making the process more convenient and efficient. However, further research is needed to explore the impact of item banking software on faculty satisfaction.
The two critical temperatures conundrum in La$_{1.83}$Sr$_{0.17}$CuO$_4$
Authors: Samanta Abhisek , Mangel Itay , Keren Amit , Arovas Daniel P. , Auerbach Assa
Published: June 2024

The in-plane and out-of-plane superconducting stiffness of La_{1.83}Sr_{0.17}CuO_4La1.83Sr0.17CuO4 rings appear to vanish at different transition temperatures, which contradicts thermodynamical expectation. In addition, we observe a surprisingly strong dependence of the out-of-plane stiffness transition on sample width. With evidence from Monte Carlo simulations, this effect is explained by very small ratio \alphaα of inter-plane over intra-plane Josephson couplings. For three dimensional rings of millimeter dimensions, a crossover from layered three dimensional to quasi one dimensional behavior occurs at temperatures near the thermodynamic transition temperature {T_{c}}Tc, and the out-of-plane stiffness appears to vanish below {T_{c}}Tc by a temperature shift of order \alpha L_a/{\xi^{\parallel}}αLa/ξ∥, where L_a/{\xi^{\parallel}}La/ξ∥ is the sample’s width over coherence length. Including the effects of layer-correlated disorder, the measured temperature shifts can be fit by a value of \alpha=4.1× 10^{-5}α=4.1×10−5, near {T_{c}}Tc, which is significantly lower than its previously measured value near zero temperature.
Escritas do norte, retratos de Ariquemes: Ações educativas de literatura na educação profissional rondoniense
Authors: Bertotti Mirian de Oliveira , Simões Robson Fonseca
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo, um diálogo com uma pesquisa de doutoramento, ancorado numa abordagem qualitativa, procura ampliar o debate sobre as práticas pedagógicas com as escritas literárias rondonienses no currículo do IFRO, Campus Ariquemes, mais especificamente, junto ao ensino Técnico-Médio, na tentativa de se poderem ver com outros olhos a Literatura regional do norte brasileiro. Quais as rubricas poéticas do Vale do Jamari? Os estudos de Lajolo (1984) e Candido (1999) ajudam a compreender que a Literatura sublinha as representações de mundo e as manifestações de linguagens em práticas socioculturais. Assim, este trabalho procura tirar da sombra os saberes e culturas dos sujeitos de Ariquemes, em Rondônia, no esforço de se propiciarem ações educativas relacionadas aos direitos à aprendizagem e ao desenvolvimento humano na Educação Básica da Amazônia ocidental.
U-PEO:CuZnAl as a Recyclable Bifunctional Composite for Absorption/Degradation of Azo-Dyes
Authors: Palácio Gustavo , Piza Camila , Batista Maria , dos Santos Caio , Pulcinelli Sandra , Santilli Celso
Published: June 2024

The catalytic activity of layered double hydroxide (LDH) and the aqueous solution absorption capacity of ureasil polyethylene oxide (U-PEO) were combined to produce an easily recyclable solidliquid (S-L) reactor (U-PEO:LDH). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of LDH (CuZnAl), U-PEO, and U-PEO:LDH confirmed the layered structure of the catalyst and evidenced its inclusion in the free volume of U-PEO matrix. The catalytic activity of the CuZnAl in the composite prepared with different amounts of LDH, towards degradation of the Acid Blue 29 (AB29) dye by a heterogeneous Fenton-like process was investigated, and the results evidenced a maximum efficiency (96%) for composite with 10 wt.% of LDH. Recyclability assessments demonstrated that the superior performance of the U-PEO:LDH reactor was sustained over several cycles (4). The U-PEO:LDH reactor proposed in this work has excellent potential as a heterogeneous catalyst for effective dye removal in environmental applications.
Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Upper Lip: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Tae Hyun , Jeong Seong Heum , Kim Chung Hun
Published: June 2024

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a commonly occurring benign tumor originating in the salivary glands. The incidence is mostly in the parotid glands (85%) followed by minor salivary glands (10%). Pleomorphic adenoma from minor salivary glands of the lips is a rare neoplasm. Here, we present a case of a patient with PA in the upper lip, reporting a common neoplasm in a rare site. A 82-year-old male with a slowly progressing swelling that occurred 20years ago on the upper white lip. This tumor is not associated with pain and tenderness. The mass was about 1.5x1.5cm sized, circumscribed, sessile and firm on the external upper lip without oral side bulging (Fig. 1). The tumor was removed completely with a elliptical incision under local anesthesia. The encapsulated mass was measured 0.9x0.9x0.6cm. On histology, a well-circumscribed growth was seen comprising epithelial and stromal components. The epithelial component formed glandular structures lined by round-to oval cells having small nuclei, pink cytoplasm and myoepithelial basal cell layer while the stroma had a fibromyxoid appearance(Fig. 2). Postoperatively wound was well healed without recurrence after 6months. Pleomorphic adenoma of the upper lip is a rare neoplasm, especially not intraoral growth. For aesthetic good result, the mass was removed without hesitation. It is required a high index of suspicion and a long-term follow-up because it could recur and rarely be transformed into malignancy.
A Case of Inoperable Advanced Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Maintaining Long-term Stable Disease State after Palliative Aim Radiation Therapy Alone
Authors: Kim Tae Hyun , Wu Hong Gyun
Published: June 2024

The current standard of treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer is surgical resection followed by radioactive iodine therapy according to the recurrence risk. However, external beam radiotherapy may be recommended in limited cases where surgical resection is impossible or residual gross lesion remains or the aforementioned standard therapy is deemed insufficient in achieving local control. We report a case of 59 year old patient who presented with advanced papillary thyroid carcinoma of right neck but was unable to receive surgical resection due to underlying Eisenmenger syndrome. He received radiation therapy of 67.5 Gy in 30 fractions with palliative aim with no further treatment and has been maintaining long-term stable disease state for 38 months. Herein, we report a rare case of palliative aim radiation therapy alone for advanced papillary thyroid carcinoma with literature review.
Influence of growth regulators on microclonal propagation of Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort under in vitro conditions
Authors: Asomani Antwi Naomi , Khusnetdinova Landysh , Timofeeva Olga
Published: June 2024

The possibility of effective microclonal propagation of Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort for producing planting materials, aimed at preservation of the species has been shown. This will aid in the creation of artificial introduction populations of this endangered species in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Optimal conditions for surface sterilization of seeds, development of microshoots, in vitro rooting and acclimatization have been developed. The most effective surface sterilization and germination was achieved with 10 % commercial bleach. Nodal explants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The maximum number of microshoots was developed on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l of BAP and 1.0 mg/l of IAA. Full strength MS medium with only IAA or together with (indole-3-butyric acid) IBA is optimal for rapid rooting of microshoots. The combination of soil: perlite (2:1) (v/v) was the best for ex vitro acclimatization of plantlets.
Influence of subchronic exposure to manganese carried by female rats during pregnancy on the behavioral and cognitive abilities of their offspring at later stages of postnatal development
Authors: Kazakova Tatiana , Marshinskaya Olga , Notova Svetlana
Published: June 2024

The study evaluated the effects of prenatal exposure to manganese (Mn) on the functional state of offspring at later stages of postnatal development (PND). Female rats were treated with MnSO4·5H2O in the diet at a dose of 1433 mg/kg starting 28 days prior to breeding and through gestation. The pregnancy proceeded normally, no physical abnormalities were observed. There was a lag in physical development of the offspring, which was characterized by a later opening of the eyes, the formation of a coat and the eruption of incisors, the weight gain was attenuated from PND 0-84. Offspring had hyperactive behavior and deterioration in spatial learning and memory. The level of Mn in the blood serum and cerebral cortex was higher than the control values by 11 % and 53 % respectively. The acetylcholinesterase level in the serum was higher by 47 %. These findings highlight the risk of prenatal exposure to subchronic doses of Mn.
Surprising Wilkins’ error (Nature 1953, 172: 755–762)
Authors: Khromov-Borisov Nikita
Published: June 2024

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 was awarded jointly to Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins “for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material”. Building the scale atomic-molecular models and applying strong inference Watson and Crick (1953a,b) presented convincing evidences for the following features of the spatial structure of the DNA molecule: (i) this structure has two helical chains each coiled round the same axis; (ii) both chains follow right-handed helices; (iii) the sequences of the atoms in the two chains run in opposite directions; (iv) the two chains are held together by hydrogen-bonded purine and pyrimidine bases; (v) the planes of the bases are perpendicular to the fibre axis; (vi) only specific pairs of bases can bond together: adenine (purine) with thymine (pyrimidine), and guanine (purine) with cytosine (pyrimidine). X-ray evidence obtained at the same time by Wilkins et al. (1953a,b), and Franklin et al. (1953a,b) gave qualitative support to this structure and was incompatible with all previously proposed structures. Wilkins et al. (1953b) built molecular models of the type described by Watson and Crick (1953a) and adjusted them to conform with their experimental data. However, it appeared that the paper by Wilkins et al. (1953b) contains a curious and inexplicable error. Namely, in their Figure 3 DNA is schematically drawn as a left-handed helix, which, as Crick and Watson (1954) explained, is stereochemically impossible and must be right-handed. The fact stated here was mysteriously not noticed before and, fortunately, had no detrimental effect on the development of science.
Further contributions to a new tectonic interpretation of the Sainte Victoire Mountain (Provence, France)
Authors: Ricour Jean , Monteau Raymond , Laville Pierre , Argyriadis Ion
Published: June 2024

A new tectonic interpretation of the Sainte Victoire Mountain (north of Marseille, southeastern France) is proposed, principally invoking vertical movements and providing evidence which suggests an uplift which may be still active today in the western part. Some new observations confirm our hypothesis.
Scientific Premises of Geology in the Encyclopédie of Diderot and D’Alembert
Authors: Virgili Carmina
Published: June 2024

The Encyclopédie (1751-1772), conceived and directed by Diderot and d’Alembert, was intended to be a critical compendium of all the learning of the time and to provide society with a rational knowledge free from dogma and superstition. It was produced with private capital and involved a large team of distinguished scientists and philosophers. It consists of 17 volumes of text and 11 of plates. At the time geology was in its infancy and the Encyclopédie collects together works by Agricola, Steno, Lehman and Wallerius. The French geologist Nicolas Desmarest (1725-1815) studied the volcanic area of Auvergne in the Central Massif of France, his ideas on volcanism and the internal structure of the Earth can be found in the Encyclopédie, which would later be published separately. Although it does not contribute much that is new to the Earth sciences, it is important in helping us to assess the environment in which the Encyclopaedists moved and better appreciate what their critical spirit and fight against dogmatism represented in the creation of modern thought.
Geologists of Russian origin in the francophone countries
Authors: Tchoumatchenco Platon , Durand-Delga Michel , Ricour Jean , Wiazemsky Michel
Published: June 2024

Many ethnic Russian geologists have lived and worked in Francophone countries. We describe in this paper the life and career of geologists (i.e. all Earth scientists - geologists, mineralogists, tectonicians, geophysicists, geochemists, paleontologists, mining and drilling engineers, hydrogeologists, cosmos - geologists, etc.), regardless of their original nationality (Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Germans, etc.) born in the territory of the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union or the Russian Federation.
First record of Leporacarus gibbus infestation in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in southern Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil
Authors: Soares Martins Natália , Somavilla Lignon Júlia , Moscarelli Pinto Diego , Roberto Alves Ferreira Marcos , Gasparetto Raíssa , Geraldo Pappen Felipe
Published: June 2024

Leporacarus gibbus is an ectoparasite of rabbits, in which infestation is usually subclinical and can, sometimes, be underdiagnosed. This case report presents a symptomatic infestation by L. gibbus in rabbits, for the first time, at southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Forty-four rabbits from a vivarium in the city of Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were evaluated. Dermatitis and alopecia were observed on the hind legs, neck, and back of the animals. External inspection revealed the presence of ectoparasites. Skin scraping, adhesive tape impression, and hair plucking were performed for diagnosis. However, only after stereomicroscopic examination of the coat, the presence of mites was revealed. The specimens were clarified in phenol/xylene and mounted in a non-permanent preparation. After light microscopic evaluation, the specimens were taxonomically classified as L. gibbus. Ivermectin treatment was applied, with 100% efficacy after 7 days. This report describes, for the first time, a case of L. gibbus infestation in domestic rabbits in the region, with dermatological manifestation.
Primary hypoparathyroidism in a dog: a case report
Authors: Sampaio Arizio Paiani Durão Fernanda , de Assunção Nogueira Carvalho Vivian , Nascimento França Ticiana , Lucas da Silva Jorge , dos Santos Filho Mário , de Farias Brito Marilene
Published: June 2024

Primary hypoparathyroidism is a rare metabolic condition that can affect domestic animals. The resulting hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia can lead to neurological and respiratory changes, as well as cardiac arrhythmias. The aim of the present study is to report the occurrence of primary hypoparathyroidism in a dog and describe the clinical and diagnostic aspects. A 7-year-old male dog with convulsive seizures and spastic limb paralysis was attended to in the municipality of Resende-RJ. After previous therapy with no response to phenobarbital use, serum PTH and ionized calcium levels were measured, revealing a decrease in both. Therapeutic response was observed with the use of calcium gluconate and balancing of circulating potassium via ion channels. Clinical signs characterized by excitability, seizures, muscle fasciculations, and muscular tetany point to a thorough investigation of possible differential diagnoses of calcium disorders. Studies involving the etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of primary hypoparathyroidism should be encouraged to suggest early therapeutic protocols.
Airport fauna management: Assessing Harris’ Hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) health state through hematological evaluation
Authors: A. Dias Rafaela , G. F. Padilha Felipe , P. Silva Edicarlos , Letícia F. Guimarães Ana , B. Meriade Giullia , Maria R. Ferreira Ana
Published: June 2024

The Harris’ Hawk is commonly used by falconers in falconry as a plan to avoid collisions between birds and aircraft, being trained to capture vultures, herons, Southern caracara, Southern lapwing, and pigeons. The aim of this work was to evaluate the hematological parameters in Harris’ Hawks used in airport fauna management in order to assess the health of these birds, compare the results of hawks from similar characteristics and differentiate parameters of trained and not trained hawks. This study has federal authorization under number 57551-1 (Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio/Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Brazil) on 08/30/2017. In this study, six females and three males of Harris’ Hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus), trained with falconry techniques, were used to control of fauna at the Antônio Carlos Jobim-Galeão International Airport, from Centro de Preservação de Aves de Rapina - CePAR, located in Rio de Janeiro - RJ. All birds were over six months of age, clinically healthy and in good body condition. The following analysis were performed: weight, erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin dosage, hematocrit, quantification of the mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, count of leukocytes, basophils, eosinophils, heterophils, lymphocytes and monocytes, processed by microscopy. Compared to other studies of Harris’ Hawks hematological parameters, this study presented decreased values for erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, while indicators such as leucocyte, heterophils and lymphocytes were increased. In conclusion, trained birds of prey are more susceptible to stressful factors, which can cause alterations in hematological parameters.
Qingxiong Ointment and its Active Ingredient, Shikonin Treat Psoriasis
through HIF-1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yan Ge , Li Fei , Tang Ye , Xu Guangyao , Zhang Yanan , Ze Kan
Published: June 2024

Background:

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Qingxiong ointment (QX)
is a natural medicinal combination frequently employed in clinical treatment of psoriasis. However, the active
ingredients of QX and its precise mechanisms of improving psoriasis remain unclear. This study elucidated the
effects of QX on an Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model of psoriasis while also exploring the regulation
of the active ingredient of QX, shikonin, on the HIF-1 signaling pathway in HaCaT cells.

Methods:

A mouse model of psoriasis was established through topical application of IMQ, and the local therapeutic
effect of QX was evaluated using dorsal skin tissue with mouse psoriatic lesion and Psoriasis Area
Severity Index (PASI) scores, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and immunohistochemical staining. Elisa and
qPCR were employed to identify changes in the expression of inflammation-related factors in the mouse dorsal
skin. Immunofluorescence was used to assess changes in the expression of T cell subsets before and after
treatment with various doses of QX. HPLC was used to analyze the content of shikonin, and network pharmacology
was employed to analyze the main targets of shikonin. Immunofluorescence was used to identify the effects
of shikonin on the HIF-1 signaling pathway in IL6-induced psoriasis HaCaT cells. Finally, qPCR was
used to identify the differential expression of the HIF-1 signaling pathway in skin tissues.

Results:

QX significantly reduces PASI scores on the backs of IMQ-induced psoriasis mice. HE staining reveals
alleviated epidermal thickness in the QX group. Immunohistochemical analysis shows a significant reduction
in ICAM, KI67, and IL17 expression levels in the QX group. Immunofluorescence results indicate
that QX can notably decrease the proportions of CD4+ T cells, γδ T cells, and CD8+ T cells while increasing
the proportion of Treg cells. Network pharmacology analysis demonstrates that the main targets of shikonin
are concentrated in the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Molecular docking results show favorable binding affinity between
shikonin and key genes of the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Immunofluorescence results reveal that
shikonin significantly reduces p-STAT3, SLC2A1, HIF1α, and NOS2 expression levels. qPCR results show
significant downregulation of the HIF-1 signaling pathway at cellular and tissue levels.

Conclusion:

Our study revealed that QX can significantly reduce the dorsal inflammatory response in the
IMQ-induced psoriasis mouse model. Furthermore, we discovered that its main component, shikonin, exerts
its therapeutic effect by diminishing the HIF-1 signaling pathway in HaCaT cells.
Protective Effect and Related Mechanism of Modified Danggui Buxue
Decoction on Retinal Oxidative Damage in Mice based on Network
Pharmacology
Authors: Hu Xiangka , Liu Feifei , Yang He , Qi Mushuang , Ren Ying , Zhu Wanjun , Dai Chunmei
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the common diseases that cause
vision loss in the elderly, and oxidative stress has been considered a major pathogenic factor for AMD. Modified
Danggui Buxue Decoction (RRP) has a good therapeutic effect on non-proliferatic diabetic retinopathy
and can improve the clinical symptoms of patients. Aim: This study aimed to predict and verify the protective
effect and mechanism of RRP on retinal oxidative damage in mice based on network pharmacology and animal
experiments.

Methods:

The key ingredients and core targets of RRP protecting retinal oxidative damage were obtained by
Network pharmacology analysis. A mouse retinal oxidative damage model induced by tail vein injection of
1% NaIO3 solution (25 mg/kg) was treated with RRP for 4 weeks and used to verify the pharmacodynamics
and related mechanism.

Aim:

This study aimed to predict and verify the protective effect and mechanism of RRP on retinal oxidative
damage in mice based on network pharmacology and animal experiments

Results:

A total of 15 key active components included in RRP interacted with 57 core targets related to retinal
oxidative damage (such as AKT1, NFE2L2, HMOX1), mainly involved in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway
in diabetic complications, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and so on. Further studies in vivo found that RRP improved
the retinal oxidative damage, increased the content of SOD and GSH, decreased the content of MDA in
mouse serum, promoted the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 proteins in the mouse retina,
and inhibited the expression of Nrf2 in the cytoplasm.

Conclusion:

This study revealed that RRP had a protective effect on oxidative damage of the retina in mice,
and might exert anti-oxidative effect by activating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signal pathway. This study provided scientific
data for the further development of hospital preparations of RRP, and a good theoretical basis for the
clinical application of RRP.
The Potential Anticancer Potency of Kolaviron on Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) Cells
Authors: Althagafi Hussam A.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is categorized as the third type of cancer associated
with mortalities. Chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin can be used to treat cancer-affected patients. However,
several adverse effects are associated with its application. This motivated the researchers to search for alternatives
that are more efficient and have fewer undesirable effects. Kolaviron is a bioflavonoid that has been reported to
have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Aim:

This study aimed to compare the anticancer effects of kolaviron and cisplatin on Caco-2 cells. The IC50 of
kolaviron and cisplatin were calculated, and redox status, apoptotic-related proteins and the cell cycle were also
examined.

Methods:

Caco-2 cells were treated with kolaviron (⅟3 and ½ of IC50 dose) and cisplatin (IC50 dose) for 24 h and
48 h. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT protocol. Redox status and apoptotic-related proteins, in addition
to the cell cycle, were examined.

Results:

The MTT assay showed the IC50 of kolaviron is 9.49 μg/mL, and that of cisplatin is 2.71 μg/ml against
Caco-2 cells. Further, both doses of kolaviron significantly increased the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH), the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipoperoxidation (LPO), besides decreasing the
antioxidant potency of tumor cells as revealed by the diminished reduced glutathione (GSH). At the molecular
level, a significant increase in the levels of p53, cytochrome c, Bax, and caspase 3 was recorded, coupled with a
decrease in the level of Bcl2, after treating the Caco-2 cells with kolaviron and cisplatin. Furthermore, kolaviron
demonstrated asserted more effects on apoptosis and increased cell percentage in the subG1 phase. In addition, a
notable decrease in the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1 is associated with
an increase in the expression of tumor protein P53 (TP53) in kolaviron-treated Caco-2 cells cancerous cells.

Conclusion:

Conclusively, these data suggest that kolaviron has a potential antitumor capacity against colorectal
cancer via multiple pathways, including enhancement of ROS production, redox status, p53 pathway, and apoptosis.
Therefore, this study authenticated the capability of kolaviron as a valuable chemotherapeutic agent.
A Sustainable Revolution in Sisal Fiber with Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Authors: Selvam Vijayan , Muniyandi Tholkapiyan , Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra
Published: June 2024

Introduction

This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of conventional concrete (CC) and Sisal Fiber Concrete (SFC) and incorporates sisal fiber into a concrete blend for the M25 grade concrete mix.

Methods

In order to evaluate the efficacy of both variations of concrete, mechanical and durability parameters were examined. As compared to CC, the results indicated that SFC had a substantially greater compressive strength. The average compressive strength of SFC at the 28-day was 29.47 N/mm2, which signified a significant incremental percentage growth of 9.58% in comparison to CC. In the same way, SFC exhibited an exceptional flexural strength, as evidenced by its mean value of 7.81 N/mm2, which represented a significant 34.42% improvement in comparison to CC. The Bayesian factor independent sample test yielded a t-test value of 12.495 for compressive strength, accompanied by a p-value below 0.001. These results suggest that the observed difference was statistically significant. Conversely, a t-test value of 19.380 and a p-value below 0.001 were produced by the Bayesian factor independent sample test for flexural strength, both of which further supported the existence of a significant difference. The mean disparity in compressive strength between CC and SFC was 5.1522 N/mm2, with a 95% confidence interval encompassing values between 4.2856 and 6.0188 N/mm2. In a similar manner, the mean discrepancy in flexural strength was 2.0000 N/mm2, accompanied by a 95% confidence interval that varied between 1.7831 and 2.2169 N/mm2.

Results

The obtained results provide further evidence that SFC is stronger than CC in both compressive and flexural strength, which is consistent with the results obtained from the frequentist statistical analysis.

Conclusion

With its eco-friendly properties, sisal fiber concrete could indeed play a significant role in the future of sustainable construction.
The Effect of Using Jute on the Compressive Strength of Concrete
Authors: Shrestha Ram Krishna , Alagirisamy Mukil , Dangol Purushottam , Shakya Manjip , Kawan Chandra Kiran , Giri Om Prakash
Published: June 2024

Background

Concrete comprises cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, and water, making it the most widespread construction material globally. However, while producing cement as an important component of concrete, it generates significant CO2 emissions, worsening global warming and environmental challenges worldwide.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the impact of incorporating jute fiber into concrete mixes of varying proportions to enhance compressive strength.

Methods

Concrete mixes of three grades were prepared, with varying percentages of jute (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2%) by weight of cement. Compressive strength tests were conducted at 7 and 28 days of curing.

Results

It shows notable enhancements in strength, improvement of 15.07 % (for Nominal mix 1:1:2) and 20.29% (for Nominal mix 1:1.5:3 ) is at the addtion of 1% jute but 6.72% (for Nominal mix 1:2:4) is at addtion of 2% jute mix.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that adding jute fiber, particularly with higher cement content, significantly enhances concrete strength, emphasizing its potential as a reinforcing material for sustainable construction.
Metabolites of Culinary-medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus Showed Anti-neuroinflammatory Activity in BV2 Cells and Anti-H2O2-induced Oxidative Stress Activity in SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Wei Jing , Lin Chao , Wang Zhen-Xin , Zhang Yi-Lin , Li Shi-Xi , Hu Xuan-Sheng , Hui He-Ping , Wang Zhe , Zhao Yi-Qi , Wang Xue-Jun , Qi Jianzhao
Published: June 2024

Background:

Hericium erinaceus is a versatile mushroom with potential therapeutic benefits.
A variety of bioactive compounds have been found in this mushroom that have anti-ulcer, antiinflammatory,
immunomodulatory, and blood sugar and lipid regulating effects.

Objectives:

The aim is to isolate and characterize compounds from the rice medium of H. erinaceus
and evaluate their potential therapeutic effects on oxidative stress-associated diseases.

Methods:

Fifteen compounds were isolated and characterized using NMR spectra and ESI-MS. The
effects of compounds 3 and 7 on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) generation in BV2 cells and H2O2-
induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells were investigated. The regulation of nitric oxide production
and apoptosis-associated proteins Bcl-2 and Bax were also examined.

Results:

Compounds 3 and 7 exhibited potent inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO generation in
microglial cells and significant resistance to H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. Molecular
docking simulations demonstrated the interaction of compounds 3 and 7 with iNOS and Bax, respectively.
Western blot analysis revealed that 7 inhibited NO production and regulated the expression of
Bax and Bcl-2, suggesting a protective effect against H2O2-induced apoptosis.

Conclusion:

Compounds 3 and 7 isolated from H. erinaceus are potential therapeutic candidates for
oxidative stress-associated diseases, possibly through their regulation of nitric oxide production and
apoptosis-related proteins. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate their mechanisms of
action and therapeutic potential.
In-vitro Study of HIV-derived Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition
Authors: Ibne Shoukani Hussan , Kubra Khudija tul , Ahmad Bashir
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

HIV utilizes a reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme to convert the HIVRNA
into DNA. Inhibition of the reverse transcription mechanism of HIV-RT may serve as a
potential therapeutic approach to impede the proliferation of HIV in those who are infected.
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are a type of medication that directly
and non-competitively bind to the allosteric site of HIV-RT, inhibiting its polymerase activity.

Aim:

This study was aimed at the synthesis of hydrazine derivatives and their evaluation for
HIV- reverse transcriptase inhibition using RT-qPCR-based assay.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to determine the HIV- reverse transcriptase inhibition
using chemical compounds as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in RT-qPCR.

Methods:

This study involved the synthesis of five distinct hydrazine derivatives, which were
subsequently tested for their capacity to inhibit HIV-RNA polymerization by targeting HIVderived
reverse transcriptase. For the determination of the study assay, commercially available
HIV-RT was subjected to treatment with derivatives and utilized in an RT-qPCR experiment to
determine the activity or inhibitory effects of HIV-RT for HIV-RNA polymerization.

Results:

The in-vitro assay results demonstrated a reduction in viral load due to suppression of
reverse transcriptase activity when compared to the pre-quantified values obtained from untreated
RT. Among the five compounds, 4-N, N-dimethylamino benzaldehyde hydrazine
(C18H22N4) had the highest ability to suppress HIV-RT. This molecule reduced HIV-RNA reverse
transcription by more than 90% during RT-qPCR, which is a novel and promising strategy.

Conclusion:

N, N-dimethylamino benzaldehyde hydrazine (C18H22N4) can suppress the activity
of HIV-RT, and this effect becomes more pronounced as the concentration of the compound
increases.