bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OBSTETRIC VIOLENCE AND THE CURRENT OBSTETRIC MODEL, IN THE PERCEPTION OF HEALTH MANAGERS
Authors: Paula Enimar de , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Felicio Felipe de Castro , Araújo Renata Corrêa Bezerra de , Chamilco Rosilda Alves da Silva Isla , Almeida Vivian Linhares Maciel
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the perception of managers of public maternity hospitals in the Metropolitan Region II of the state of Rio de Janeiro regarding obstetric violence and the measures to face it aiming at guaranteeing the quality of care. Method: a descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach, conducted with 16 health managers from five maternity hospitals in Metropolitan Region II in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected through interviews, applied from May 2017 to May 2018, and submitted to content analysis in the thematic modality. Results: the research pointed out thenon-reception, technocratic principles of childbirth, refusal of the companion, disrespect to humanized practices centered on physiology and the choice of women, the need for health training as a guide for the humanization policy and the management of health units, professional unpreparedness for performance and lack of involvement of professionals with longer service time to modify practices in obstetric care. Thus, the need to break away from obstetric violence at the structural/institutional level was evident in order to guarantee quality care for women. Conclusion: it is the responsibility of the managers to provide training to health professionals regarding performance that respects the scientific evidence, the centrality and the axes of policies and recommendations in the area of sexual and reproductive health, especially to women regarding their autonomy.
Da assistência à docência: narrativas de médicos sobre os múltiplos caminhos que os tornaram preceptores
Authors: Oliveira Luciana Muri , Oliveira Sandra Regina dos Santos Muri , Fonseca Maria da Conceição Vinciprova
Published: January 2021

Resumo: Introdução: O internato de medicina é o estágio da formação em que o acadêmico põe em prática tudo o que aprendeu durante o ciclo básico, teórico. Nesse momento da graduação, os estudantes são supervisionados por profissionais médicos - os preceptores. Na maioria das vezes, esses preceptores se incorporam ao corpo docente da universidade por exercerem assistência profissional no local onde a prática ocorre, sem que haja capacitação ou orientação pedagógica prévia. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os múltiplos caminhos que levam os médicos a atuar como preceptores do internato de medicina. Método: Aplicou-se um questionário aos preceptores de Medicina, no qual uma pergunta aberta buscava, na narrativa desses sujeitos, entender como se efetivou o convite para a preceptoria. Resultado: É possível observar como são múltiplos e dissonantes os caminhos que levam esses profissionais à docência. Conclusão: Os resultados corroboram a importância de oferecer capacitação pedagógica adequada que valorize o preceptor de Medicina, profissional cuja atuação é central na formação dos futuros médicos.
Evolution of municipal solid waste structure over time: compaction and settlement effects
Authors: Hanson James L , Cox Jason T , Yesiller Nazli
Published: January 2021

This investigation was conducted to analyse the evolution of waste structure over time in a landfill environment. Detailed knowledge of weight–volume relationships is required for establishing and modelling the representative response of waste undergoing coupled processes (geomechanical–biological–chemical–thermal). The effects of compaction were included by using baseline (as-received moisture content) and wet (moisture addition during compaction) conditions. The effects of settlement were investigated using changing weight–volume relationships over time from compaction to primary compression to secondary compression. Data and analysis from long-term testing at a California landfill and laboratory waste studies were used. Four distinct scenarios incorporating variations in waste mass loss, specific gravity and moisture–density relationships were investigated. The results indicated that the waste structure underwent void enlargement, rearrangement and collapse during progressive structure evolution, with net void changes of both rearrangement for constitutive waste volume analyses and collapse when wastes from surrounding areas entered the constitutive volume. Wet compaction resulted in more waste in a given landfill volume in both the short term and the long term. Wide ranges of waste unit weights (4.2–16.7 kN/m3) and void ratios (0.7–10.8) were obtained over the waste life cycle resulting from increases in specific gravity, mass loss with time and interaction between voids and surrounding waste mass.
Effect of environmental factors on performance of jointed concrete pavements
Authors: Kim Dong-Hyuk , Lee Jun-Hyeok , Moon Ki-Hoon , Jeong Jin-Hoon
Published: January 2021

This study investigated the distress conditions of test sections of concrete pavement that have been used for more than the design life of 20 years. The study was performed using data from a highway pavement management system. To determine the effects of distress and environmental factors, weather data were analysed for the test sections. Regression models were developed for five types of distress: longitudinal cracks, asphalt patching, concrete patching, durability cracks and longitudinal spalling. The influence of environmental factors was analysed, such as the days with temperature below zero, number of freeze and thaw cycles, average relative humidity and the amount of de-icing salt consumed. Using these models, the amount of distress was predicted and compared with the actual amount of distress. The predicted amount of distress was similar to the actual amount of distress, indicating that the models were properly developed. Using the results of this study, the distress of aging concrete pavement could be reduced by managing the environmental factors more appropriately.
Chronic rhinosinusitis in children
– a review of the literature
Authors: Kasprzyk Anna , Niedzielski Artur
Published: January 2021

Przewlekłe zapalenie zatok przynosowych jest częstą chorobą wieku dziecięcego. Ze względu na złożoną patofizjologię postawienie
ostatecznej diagnozy wydłuża się w czasie. W niniejszej pracy omówiono aktualne zalecenia dotyczące rozpoznawania i leczenia przewlekłego zapalenia zatok u dzieci.
Impedance Spectroscopy of Nickel-Containing Solid Solutions of CaCu3Ti4O12
Authors: Sekushin Nikolay A. , Ignatova Maria M. , Zhuk Nadezhda A.
Published: January 2021

Samples of CaCu3Ti4-4хNi4хO12-δ. were obtained by solid phase synthesis method. X-ray diagrams of all preparations show trace amounts of the impurity phase of copper oxide(II), at x ≥ 0.04 the impurity CaTiO3 reflexes are shown. Admixtures of nickel-containing phases in samples in all investigated concentration interval by X-ray analysis and electronic scanning microscopy are not fixed. It is established that the polarization processes in the samples are carried out at different speeds by two mechanisms. As a result of modeling using two equivalent schemes, it was found that the homogeneity of samples with growth x decreases, in the sample CaCu3Ti4-4хNi4хO12-δ (х = 0.03) polarization proceeds three times faster than in x = 0.06. The sample CaCu3Ti3.88Ni0.12O12-δ conducts direct electric current better and polarizes faster in a variable electric field than x = 0.06. The activation energy of the samples is practically the same: 0.491 (x = 0.03) and 0.499 eV (x = 0.06). After 350 °C the homogeneity of the material deteriorates, which indicates a possible disorder of the structure or a break in the chemical bonds
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Cocrystals of Betulin with Adipic Acid
Authors: Myz Svetlana A. , Mikhailenko Mikhail A. , Mikhailovskaya Anastasiya V. , Politov Anatoly A. , Kuznetsova Svetlana A. , Shakhtshneider Tatyana P.
Published: January 2021

The cocrystal of betulin with adipic acid was prepared using a liquid-assisted grinding method. The formation of cocrystal was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy methods. In order to choose a liquid for preparing cocrystal, solvents of different polarity were compared. It was shown that cocrystal of betulin with adipic acid was formed if solvents were used during mechanical treatment, in which the increased solubility of adipic acid was observed
Determining Stability Constants of Complexes Between Ester Betulin Derivatives and β-Cyclodextrin by Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Sursyakova Viktoria V. , Levdansky Vladimir A. , Rubaylo Anatoly I.
Published: January 2021

Inclusion complexes of ester betulin derivatives (pentacyclic lupane triterpenoids) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were studied by affinity capillary electrophoresis. Stability constants were calculated from dependencies of viscosity-corrected effective electrophoretic mobilities on β-CD concentration (0-10 mM) in background electrolytes using nonlinear regression fitting. Logarithms of stability constants at 25 °C for 1:1 and 1:2 β-CD complexes of betulin 3,28-diphthalate, betulin 3,28-disuccinate and betulin 3,28-disulfate (95 % confidence interval) are 4.25 (4.16-4.32) and 7.27 (6.73-7.50), 4.38 (4.26-4.48) and 7.58 (6.90-7.84), 4.04 (4.00-4.08) and 5.91 (4.60-6.20), respectively
Influence of Sample Pretreatment on the Analysis of High Contents of Rare-Earth and High Field Strength Elements in Geological Samples by ICP-AES and ICP-MS (Case Study of the Tomtor Deposit)
Authors: Saryg-ool Bagai-ool Yu. , Bukreeva Lidiya N. , Myagkaya Irina N. , Tolstov Aleksandr V. , Lazareva Elena V. , Zhmodik Sergey M.
Published: January 2021

Influence of sample pretreatment on the analysis of the high contents of rare earth (REE) and high field strength (HFSE) elements in geological samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was studied. The rocks and rich ores of the Tomtor Nb-REE deposit were explored. Complete dissolution of the geological samples with a high content of “refractory” minerals has been achieved using fusion with a sodium peroxide. The results obtained by ICP-AES and ICP-MS after chemical dissolution are comparable with the results obtained by the XRF-SR without chemical pretreatment
La neurociencia para la inclusión en contextos pluriculturales
Authors: Pinto Díaz Cristina
Published: January 2021

Es importante la neurociencia para la inclusión en contextos educativos pluriculturales. El objetivo de esta investigación es comparar las opiniones del alumnado de Grado de Educación Primaria y Máster de Profesorado en relación a la presencia de la neurociencia en el aula pluricultural para fomentar la inclusión. Este estudio parte de la siguiente hipótesis: “La neurociencia para una inclusión educativa favorece contextos educativos pluriculturales”. Para tratar de dar respuesta a este objetivo y a la hipótesis de partida se ha desarrollado una investigación descriptiva, explicativa y correlacional basada en una metodología cuantitativa. Para la investigación se ha elaborado una escala Likert, para ello, en primer lugar, se ha construido una tabla de operacionalización con 6 dimensiones de 6 ítems en cada dimensión y con un Alpha de Cronbach de α = .836 en la escala de los estudiantes de Grado y α = .795 en la escala de los estudiantes de Máster. El instrumento se aplicó a una muestra de 296 sujetos estudiantes de Grado y 295 sujetos de Máster de una universidad andaluza. Se concluyó que los estudiantes de Grado y los de Máster están concienciados sobre la importancia de la neurociencia para la inclusión en contextos pluriculturales.
FOREIGN TRADE STRENGTH OF COUNTRIES UNDER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Chugaiev O. А.
Published: January 2021

In 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic became the major event affecting the global economy. Both supply- and demand-driven recession and changes in consumption and investment behaviour became a new reality. The purpose of the paper is to estimate foreign trade strength and vulnerability of countries under the shrinking global demand for specific groups of goods and services as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures to contain it. The proposed foreign trade strength index under pandemic is based on exports of pharmaceutical products, medical equipment, food, IT and audiovisual goods and services etc. (+); tourism and transport services, oil, ores and metals, transport vehicles and most other types of machinery etc. (-); and imports of medical and related products (-) in comparison to a country’s GDP. The ranking is provided for the largest 100 economies. 90% of the countries have absolute trade vulnerability under the pandemic. There are 3 types of economies with relatively better trade soundness: exporters of medical products and ICT services (Ireland and Switzerland), food exporters and closed economies. The most vulnerable economies include small island countries which depend on
tourism services exports, oil exporting countries and exporters of machines and equipment. Ukraine ranks 38th and has a standardized value of the index +0.4 mainly because of its food exports which help offsets the weakness due to the metal exports. Vulnerability of large economies is caused by their merchandise export structure, while vulnerability of small economies is due to their services export structure.
Key words: foreign trade, economic resilience, demand for goods and services, dependence on global markets, pandemic, quarantine measures.
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE DIGITAL MEDIA MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF THE WORLD ECONOMY
Authors: Pryiatelchuk O. A. , Bekh A. A.
Published: January 2021

The advent of new technologies, such as portative computers and the internet, favoured the formation and development of a new market — digital media market. In the past 15 years technologies have grown exponentially within media and entertainment, fundamentally affecting film, television, publishing, music and video games industries with new competition, innovative business models and new product landscapes. Thus, the digital media market, with its disruptive influence and growth potential, requires the comprehensive explanation and definition. The article raises a problem of digital media market lacking its clear conceptualization in the context of the world economy. The article provides a thorough analysis of existing researches of the digital media market and the overview of its place in the modern industry classifications. The authors enunciate their own up-to-date definition of digital media, which is the following: “Digital media refer to products and services in the digital format, produced by the media and entertainment industry group (according to The Global Industry Classification Standard), which can be created, viewed, distributed, modified and preserved through different digital devices.” The following structure of the modern digital media market was compiled: it consists of 7 segments, namely video-on-demand, video games, e-publishing, digital audio, social media, search engines and digital advertising.
Role of short course intravenous methylprednisolone in the management of sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , Gyawali Bigyan Raj , Pradhananga Rabindra Bhakta , Rayamajhi Pabina
Published: January 2021

Background: Steroids have proven efficacy in the management of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL); however, the mode of delivery and the duration of the treatment varies amongst different centres and a consensus is yet to be established. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of short course intravenous methylprednisolone in the management of SSNHL.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of ENT and head and neck surgery, TUTH, institute of medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal. Record data of the cases from January 2019 to May 2020, who met the criteria of SSNHL and had received intravenous methylprednisolone for three days, were assessed for the demographic profile, duration and degree of hearing loss, co-morbidities, and hearing improvement after the therapy. Cases with incomplete documentation were excluded. Pre-admission and three days post steroid therapy pure tone audiogram investigation were compared to see the improvement retrospectively. Institutional review committee clearance was taken.

Results: Out of 32 patients, the male: female ratio was 1.7:1. Mean hearing loss prior to intravenous Methylprednisolone was 77.84 dB whereas mean hearing loss three days post intravenous methylprednisolone was 69.41dB. Three patients had complete recovery, sixteen had partial recovery and thirteen had no recovery after giving three days of intravenous methylprednisolone.

Conclusions: Short course intravenous methylprednisolone is effective in the treatment of SSNHL with minimal side effects.
The Thrombolytic and Cytotoxic Effects of Nigella sativa (L.) Seeds: The Prophetic Medicine
Authors: Babar Zahir Uddin Mohammed , Jaswir Irwandi , Mahamad Maifiah Mohd Hafidz , Ismail Soraya , Ahmad Raus Raha , Tareq Abu Montakim , Ahfter Foyazul , Faraque Arafat , Reza A. S. M. Ali , Sayeed Mohammed Abu , Hossain Md. Mohotasin , Uddin Main , Hossain Mohammad  Shahadat , Farhad Saifuddin , Azizi Wan Mohd , Arief Solachuddin Jauhari , Ahmed Qamar Uddin , Mawa Imranul
Published: January 2021

The Water-Soluble Extract (WSE) is a crude bioactive phytoconstituent of Nigella sativa (L.) seeds discovered recently. The current findings report about the thrombolytic and cytotoxic effects of WSE using human blood clot lysis and brine shrimp lethality (BSL) bioassay. The thrombolytic effect of WSE (1,666.67 µg/mL) was determined via the clot and lysate weight measurements compared to streptokinase (STK) of 30,000 IU/mL and normal saline (NS) while the cytotoxicity of WSE (44.14-2,000 µg/mL) against vincristine sulfate (VCS;3.125-100 µg/mL). WSE has shown extremely statistically significant (p<0.0001) clot lysis (90.00%) compared to NS (3.76%) whilst it was also significantly different (p<0.0063) to STK (72.41%) exhibiting LC50 of 1,795.90 µg/mL vs. VCS (39.25 µg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner. The current results suggested WSE has a potent thrombolytic effect with mild dose-dependent cytotoxicity towards brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia salina). It also suggested WSE might have enzymatic roles on thrombin, fibrin, and plasmin of blood. This pharmacological action of WSE is might be due to its antioxidant property, short-chain fatty acids and/or amino acids. Further studies are highly recommended on the enzymatic role(s) and bioactive phytoconstituents of WSE.
Estudo da cinética de flotação catiônica de rejeitos de minério de ferro
Authors: Lopes Tiago Eugênio , Freitas Samuel de Oliveira , Souza Nádia Fernanda de , Pinto Andressa Rafaela Alves , Reis Arlete Barbosa
Published: January 2021

A flotação é uma técnica de separação de misturas, caracterizada pelo envolvimento das fases líquida, sólida e gasosa. Essa operação é utilizada para separar partículas hidrofóbicas de partículas hidrofílicas. Consiste em adicionar bolhas de ar ao meio, que faz com que as partículas hidrofóbicas em suspensão no líquido passem a aderir?se a essas bolhas, ocasionando a formação de espuma que podem ser então removidas, arrastando consigo as partículas de impurezas. Este trabalho apresenta particular interesse no estudo experimental acerca do processo de flotação reversa com o intuito de recuperar minerais de interesse, como por exemplo, minerais de ferro, presentes em rejeitos da indústria de mineração, visando sobretudo o reaproveitamento em aplicações futuras.
Внутренняя и внешняя семантика глаголов социальных отношений (на материале русских глаголов победы и поражения)
Authors: Десюкевич Ольга
Published: January 2021

В настоящей статье были описаны мотивационные семантические модели в лексико-семантической группе победить/понести поражение, определены источники пополнения группы за счет глаголов движения, физического воздействия и разрушения, владения. Описаны конструкционные профили первичных и вторичных глаголов группы, а также их сочетаемость, типичные способы заполнения актантных позиций. Описание семантики глагольных единиц позволило обнаружить регулярность семантического преобразования предикатов социальных отношений в предикаты психологического состояния победить, побороть, пересилить кого > победить, побороть, пересилить что в ком, определить смыслы, эксплицируемые на уровне внутренней и внешней семантики. Для получения результата были изучены словари разного типа, корпусные данные и самостоятельно отобранные тексты. Основными использованными методами являются семантическое моделирование и конструкционное профилирование.
ТЕНЕВЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ НА РЫНКЕ ТРУДА В СИСТЕМЕ РИСКОВ ЛЕГАЛИЗАЦИИ ДОХОДОВ, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ ПРЕСТУПНЫМ ПУТЁМ
Authors: Облаухова Мария Васильевна , Анофриков Сергей Павлович
Published: January 2021

Актуальность исследования определяется тем, что оценка рисков легализации доходов, полученных преступным путём, требует изучения факторов, способствующих возникновению и распространению данного феномена. Существенную роль в формировании преступных доходов играет теневая экономическая деятельность, размеры которой косвенно характеризуются масштабами неформальной занятости. Цель – изучение воздействия теневых процессов на рынке труда на формирование рисков легализации незаконно полученных доходов. В работе решены следующие задачи: дана оценка масштабов теневой занятости; выявлены основные механизмы влияния теневых процессов на рынке труда на риски легализации преступных доходов; даны рекомендации по снижению уровня рисков легализации доходов, полученных преступным путём через воздействие на теневые процессы в сфере занятости. Методы: сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ статистических и научных материалов, анализ процессов на рынке труда. Новизна исследования состоит в комплексном подходе к изучению теневых процессов на рынке труда как фактора формирования рисков легализации доходов, полученных преступным путём. Результаты: теневые процессы на рынке труда выступают фактором, повышающим риски отмывания преступных доходов, сразу с двух сторон: во-первых, они являются одним из источников формирования преступных доходов; во-вторых, неформальная занятость и связанные с ней теневые доходы создают благоприятные условия для сокрытия основных каналов отмывания доходов, полученных преступным путём. Поэтому мероприятия по противодействию легализации незаконно полученных доходов, реализуемые в рамках финансового мониторинга, должны сопровождаться мерами по снижению неформальной занятости, скрытой оплаты труда, незаконной миграции.
ХЕШТЕГИ КАК ОТРАЖЕНИЕ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЙ ОБРАЗОВ БУДУЩЕГО «ЦИФРОВЫМИ АБОРИГЕНАМИ»
Authors: Конюхова Татьяна Васильевна , Родионова Елена Викторовна
Published: January 2021

В статье освещается вопрос визуальной репрезентации образа будущего в повседневности пользователей социальных медиа на основании хештегов, входящих в ядерно-периферическую структуру представлений «цифровых аборигенов». Предполагалось, что эмоциональное благополучие выступает атрибутивной составляющей успешной карьеры в будущем для молодых пользователей сети Instagram и отражается в практиках визуализации через используемые ими хештеги. Целевой аудиторией исследования стали 170 молодых людей (118 женского пола и 52 мужского) в возрасте 18–25 лет, являющихся, по субъективной оценке, активными пользователями социальных медиа. Сбор массива данных осуществлялся в августе–сентябре 2020 г. В исследовании использовались метод свободных словесных ассоциаций и прототипический анализ по П. Вержесу. Соотношение образов будущего по анализируемым в статье социальным конструктам «Эмоциональное благополучие в будущем» и «Карьера в будущем» по подгруппам «для себя» и «для России» среди респондентов позволяет отметить, что общая тональность хештегов, предложенных участниками исследования, является преимущественно позитивной. Общими хештегами, так или иначе перекликающимися в ядре и зонах потенциальных изменений, для двух конструктов являются #счастье, #благополучие, #успех, #уверенность, #свобода, #спокойствие. Сравнительный анализ полученного массива хештегов позволяет говорить о том, что в практиках визуализации в сети Instagram через публикуемые хештеги молодежи имеет место определенная взаимосвязь эмоционального благополучия (как атрибутивной составляющей карьерного развития) и собственно успешной карьеры в будущем. Это формирует основу для развития новых профессиональных умений через уверенность в себе, положительные ощущения, степень общественной активности.
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN STUDENTS DURING SELF-ISOLATION DUE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Spasovski Ognen , Kenig Nikolina
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in lock-down measures being imposed by the government of North Macedonia. Conditions of self-isolation have direct effects on mental health. We researched the possible protective factors of psychological well-being. A total of 510 college students from the biggest university in the country (70% females, Mage = 21.12 years, SD = 1.58) responded to a structured online questionnaire, one month after the country's lock down. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on hypothesized protective factors of well-being. Results showed that significant predictors of the psychological well-being in conditions of isolation are: perceived social support during self-isolation, self-engagement in physical exercises, perception of being adequately informed about the virus and the ways of protection, and the tendency to hold conspiracy explanations about the virus and pandemic. Perception of medical and restriction of movement measures, together with self-engagement in reading /watching movies, were not significant predictors. In the face of the expected further difficulties with the pandemic, policy creators and the scientific community should develop well-thought out strategies, tailored to different groups, in order to provide appropriate support to people to cope with pandemic, to adequately communicate the necessary medical and restriction measures and all important information about the virus and pandemic, especially in order to manage with the complex role of the conspiracy theories which could undermine confidence in the health system.
Research Professors’ Self-assessment of Competencies
Authors: Torres Gabriela , Hernández-Gress Neil
Published: January 2021

Research professors develop scientific products that impact and benefit society, but their competencies in doing so are rarely evaluated. Therefore, employing a mixed two-stage sequential design, this study developed a self-assessment model of research professors’ competencies with four domains, seven competencies, and 30 competency elements. Next, we conducted descriptive statistical analysis of those elements. In the first year, 320 respondents rated themselves on four levels: initial, basic, autonomous, and consolidated. In the assessment model’s second year, we compared 30 respondents’ results with those of their initial self-assessment. The main developmental challenge was Originality and Innovation, which remained at the initial level. Both Training of Researchers and Transformation of Society were at the basic level, and Digital Competency was at the autonomous level. Both Teaching Competence and Ethics and Citizenship attained the consolidated level. This information helps establish priorities for accelerating researchers’ training and the quality of their research.
Pemodelan Statistical Downscaling dengan Regresi Modifikasi Jackknife Ridge Dummy Berbasis K-means untuk Pendugaan Curah Hujan
Authors: P. Dewi Santika Upa , Sahriman Sitti
Published: January 2021

Indonesia is a tropical country, which only has two seasons throughout the year, namely the dry season and the rainy season. Thus, it is likely that rain will continue to fall during the dry season, which has a serious impact on various sectors of life. General Circulation Model (GCM) is used to deal with climate change, but the GCM cannot conduct simulations well for local scale climate variables. Therefore, Statistical Downscaling (SD) is used to predict local scale rainfall in the district of Pangkep based on square GCM (CMIP5) 8 × 8 grid data. Modified jackknife ridge regression is used to overcome multicollinearity problems that occur in GCM-lag data. Three dummy variables were added as predictor variables for the model to overcome the heterogeneity of the various forms. SD model MJR dummy regression gives good results based on the coefficient of determination and high correlation with lower root mean square error and root mean square error prediction.
Penggunaan Simulasi Praktikum Melalui Self Assessment Pada Kinerja (Performance) Pengamatan Sel Darah
Authors: Jamaludin Didi Nur , Raida Sulasfiana Alfi , Brata Wasis Wuyung Wisnu , Listianingsing Indah
Published: January 2021

Penilaian praktikum seringkali kurang memberikan penguatan umpan balik kepada mahasiswa karena penilaian praktikum kadang  diletakan pada  waktu penghujung  akhir semester. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kuasi eksperimen tipe the matching only posttest only control group design.  Kegiatan simulasi praktikum dengan self assessment dilakukan dengan memberikan kriteria-kriteria kemampuan dasar yang harus dikuasai  dalam melakukan pengamatan toleransi osmotik sel darah merah (eritrosit) dan preparat sel darah putih (leukosit). Hasil penelitian menggunakan simulasi praktikum dengan self assessment  menunjukkan keterampilan kinerja (performance) mahasiswa dalam pengamatan sel  darah dengan  hasil signifikan  lebih baik dibandingkan penggunaan simulasi praktikum biasa. Kegagalan dalam mengamati sel darah, seringkali karena mengunakan perbesaran, mikrometer dan makrometer  mikroskop yang tidak sesuai sehingga menghabiskan alokasi waktu yang tersedia. Simulasi praktikum dengan self assessment  memberikan kesempatan kepada setiap mahasiswa untuk menilai kemampuan diri dalam menggunakan mikroskop, selain itu juga perlu memiliki strategi khusus agar dapat melakukan pengamaatan objek secara benar, cepat dan efektif. Simulasi tersebut mendorong untuk memunculkan sikap tanggungjawab agar dapat mencapai keterampilan kinerja.

 

Kata Kunci: simulasi praktikum;  self  assessment; performance; sel darah  
Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Melalui Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Pada Mata Pelajaran Biologi Kelas X di MA NU 03 Sunan Katong Kaliwungu Kendal
Authors: Khosiin Khosiin
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh motivasi belajar dengan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Teams Games Tournament (TGT) terhadap prestasi belajar peserta didik kelas X mata pelajaran biologi materi pokok kingdom animalia. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh yang positif antara motivasi belajar dengan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Teams-Games tournament (TGT) dengan prestasi belajar peserta didik.

Metode angket dengan teknik korelasi yang digunakan untuk mengetahui motivasi belajar siswa, baik itu siswa kelas kontrol maupun kelas eksperimen. Adapun untuk mengetahui prestasi belajar peserta didik menggunakan hasil test sub bab materi pokok kingdom animalia. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen angket dengan jumlah responden kelas eksperimen (XB) 35 siswa, sedangkan jumlah peserta didik kelas kontrol (XA) berjumlah 34 siswa, dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling.

Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan statistik menggunakan reumus regresi. Dari dua variabel yang ada yaitu, variabel X (motivasi belajar siswa dengan model pembelajaran TGT), pada kelas eksperimen memiliki rata-rata 53,571 itu lebih besar daripada rata motivasi belajar kelas kontrol (39,056). Begitu juga rata nilai ulangan sub bab meteri kelas eksperimen lebih besar daripada kelas kontrol (73,89>67,65).
Setelah diuji hipotresis ternyata terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara keadaan motivasi belajar dengan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Teams-Games-Tournament (TGT), hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hitung : 15,544> tabel  5% (4,13), hitung : 15,544> tabel  1% (7,44). Dengan demikian hipotesis yang diajukan peneliti diterima dikarenakan terdapat pengaruh positif yang signifikan antara motivasi belajar dengan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Teams-Games-Tournament (TGT) terhada prestasi belajar peserta didik kelas X mata pelajaran biologi materi pokok kingdim animalia MA NU 03 Sunan Katong Kaliwungu Kendal
Kontroversi Penerapan Hukum Islam pada LGBT di Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Rohmaniah Dinda Alfiatur , Qodarsasi Umi , Dewi Tevana Sari , Utami Tri
Published: January 2021

Controversy of Sharia Law Against LGBT in Brunei Darussalam . This paper aims to discuss the application of sharia law in Brunei Darussalam, especially in sharia law for LGBT people. What about the effect of the stricter application of sharia law if applied in Brunei Darussalam. The aim of implementing Sharia law in Brunei Darussalam. Darussalam is none other than the teachings of Islam in Brunei Darussalam that have become stronger than before as a country that has always been devoted to Allah. Even though in its application, Brunei Darussalam has received harsh criticism from the world for the application of sharia law that is enforced in its country, however, criminal law hard and sharia law continues to be implemented after being postponed and finally implemented on April 3, 2019. This article uses a case study approach and analysis with qualitative methods. russlam continues to be implemented even though it has generated a lot of controversy from outside, especially regarding the stoning of adultery and LGBT perpetrators, especially from the United Nations, enforcement of this law violates human rights. The background to the adoption of sharia law is nothing more than strengthening the quality of the involvement of Muslims in Brunei Darussalam which is only for Allah.
US-China Trade War: Indonesia as a Muslim Majority Country and Vietnam Responses
Authors: Ivan Muhammad , Paksi Arie Kusuma
Published: January 2021

This research discusses the responses of countries in Southeast Asia in the context of US-China trade war, with particular focus on what strategies taken by Indonesia (as a Muslim majority country) and Vietnam government to apply and attract investment from US and China as a result of trade war among them. The writer chose qualitative method to get an in-depth data and find the dynamic problems and a strategy taken by a country to overcome the problem caused by trade war. By Using mercantilist approach this paper argues that both Indonesia and Vietnam have a different strategies in order to gain the foreign investor to come to their countries and manage to maintain the sustainability in the middle of trade war escalation. As a result both Indonesia and Vietnam have succeeded in maintaining their economic stability through the strategies they have adopted which have resulted positive.
National examination for medical residency admission: academic variables and performance among different schools
Authors: Gaxiola-García Miguel Angel , Villalpando-Casas José de Jesús , García-Saisó Sebastián , García-Minjares Manuel , Martínez-González Adrián
Published: January 2021

Objective. To identify medical school characteristics associated with performance in a medical residency admission test. Materials and methods. Performance and selection rates according to type of medical school (Student´s t-test, Chi-squared test), accreditation status (Student´s t-test) and geographic regions (Anova) were analyzed from a database comprising 153 654 physicians who took the residency admission test Examen Nacional de Aspirantes a Residencias Médicas (ENARM) in the period 2014-2018. Results. Performance was 62.5% for accredited programs and 61.4% for non-accredited programs (p<0.001); public schools reached 62.3% and private schools 62.2% (p<0.001). Northern regions performed above 63% while South-Southeast at 58.9% (p<0.001). Selection rate was 26.2% for accredited programs and 22.9% for non-accredited (p<0.001); 26.6% for public schools and 23.6% for private schools (p<0.001). North-East and North-West reached 31% while South-Southeast 20.7%. Conclusions. Type of school, accreditation status and geographic region may influence performance and selection rate.
Los Grupos de Ayuda Mutua como posible estrategia de apoyo emocional para personas indígenas que padecen diabetes
Authors: Juárez-Ramírez Clara , Treviño-Siller Sandra , Ruelas-González María Guadalupe , Théodore Florence , Pelcastre-Villafuerte Blanca Estela
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Reflexionar sobre el apoyo emocional que los Grupos de Ayuda Mutua (GAM) dan a personas indígenas con diabetes y su importancia en el apego al tratamiento. Material y métodos. Estudio cualitativo: 25 entrevistas semiestructuradas; tres grupos focales (17 participantes); y observación no participante. Se realizó análisis de contenido con el apoyo del programa Atlas-ti. Resultados. Se identificaron expresiones emocionales relacionadas con el padecimiento. La opinión sobre el trabajo grupal fue positiva. El GAM es un espacio de catarsis, pero no funciona como soporte para enfrentar las restricciones del tratamiento y el impacto emocional en caso de complicaciones mayores. Conclusiones. Con la debida capacitación del personal de salud a cargo de los grupos, los GAM pueden llegar a ser espacios de soporte emocional para las personas indígenas y contribuir a su bienestar.
Priorización inicial y consecutiva para la vacunación contra SARS-CoV-2 en la población mexicana. Recomendaciones preliminares
Authors:   Grupo Técnico Asesor de Vacunación Covid-19
Published: January 2021

El suministro de las primeras vacunas de Covid-19 que se registren para uso poblacional, en el mundo, será limitado a corto y mediano plazo y por lo tanto se requiere definir grupos poblacionales que recibirán la vacuna al inicio y de manera subsecuente. Con este fin, el Grupo Técnico Asesor de Vacuna Covid-19 de México ha consultado los documentos generados por la OMS y diversos países sobre priorización de grupos poblacionales a vacunar, incluyendo los principios éticos en la asignación de estas vacunas. En el análisis del beneficio de la vacunación en relación con el riesgo de morir por Covid-19 en México, los resultados preliminares identificaron que el mayor beneficio se obtiene iniciando la vacunación con trabajadores de la salud y las personas de 60 años o más con o sin comorbilidades por década de la vida descendente, además de las personas de 50 a 59 años con comorbilidades y posteriormente la población restante. En presencia de una crisis de salud pública la estrategia de vacunación Covid-19 será completamente diferente de los mecanismos usuales del Programa de Vacunación Universal. La comunicación de la estrategia de vacunación Covid-19 debe llevar un mensaje al alcance y comprensión de todos, que transparente los criterios de priorización adoptados y el respeto de los principios esenciales de equidad, universalidad y bien común.
Development and validation of functional markers from Dw1 and Dw2 loci to assistant predict apple rootstock dwarfing ability
Authors: Yang Feng , Shen Fei , Liu Zhi , He Mingli , Wang Yi , Wu Ting , Xu Xuefeng , Li Wei , Qiu Changpeng , Zhang Xinzhong , Han Zhenhai
Published: January 2021

Background: ‘M9’ is a widely used apple dwarfing rootstock due to the outstanding effects on both precocity and vigorous control. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs), Dw1 and Dw2, for the dwarfing effect were previously mapped on ‘M9’, but the genetic variations that underpin the dwarfing ability have not been elucidated to date. Result: By using ‘Red Fuji’(Malus × domestica Borkh.) trees grafted on 1123 hybrids from ‘Malus baccata Borkh.’ × ‘M9’, the intervals of Dw1 and Dw2 were narrowed down. MdLBD3 (Md Lateral organ boundaries domain 3)and MdARF6 (Md Auxin response factor 6) were predicted as potential candidate genes from Dw1, while MdG3OX3 (Md Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 3) was a possible candidate gene from Dw2. An 11 bp deletion at -339 bp upstream of the transcription start site (TSS) of MdLBD3 generated a new cis-element binding site with MdWRKY2 (Md WRKY transcription factor 2)and caused increased expression of MdLBD3. Coincidently, a ten bp deletion at -278 bp upstream of the TSS of MdG3OX3 created an additional binding site of MdABI5 (Md Abscisic acid insensitive 5), leading to higher expression of MdG3OX3. At -954 bp of the MdARF6 promoter, a 14 bp insertion destroyed the binding ability by MdGAMYB (Md transcription factor GAMYB)and reduced MdARF6 expression. The genotype effects of these insertion and deletions as diagnostic markers on dwarfing traits (tree height, trunk diameter, and canopy width) were estimated in 108 F1 hybrids. The genomic predicted genetic values (GEGV) were calculated by adding up the genotype effects of the three markers and the population mean phenotype. The GEGV of the dwarfing traits exhibited high correlation coefficients of 0.93, 0.94, and 0.93 in terms of tree height, trunk diameter, and canopy width for the observed phenotype values, respectively. The predictability of GEGV was validated in 64 Malus accessions. Conclusion: The development of the three functional markers, Ld/Li, Ad/Ai, and Gd/Gi, ensures the genomic assisted prediction of dwarfing ability in apple rootstock breeding. The data also suggested that hormone (ABA, Auxin, GA, and zeatin signals) is one of the regulation pathways in controlling apple rootstock dwarfing mechanisms.
Sustained Dysregulation of the Plasma Renin-angiotensin System in Acute COVID-19
Authors: Burns Kevin , Cheng Matthew , Lee Todd , McGeer Allison , Sweet David , Tran Karen , Lee Terry , Murthy Srinivas , Boyd John , Singer Joel , Walley Keith , Patrick David , Lamontagne Francois , Marshall John , Haljan Greg , Fowler Robert , Winston Brent , Russell James
Published: January 2021

SARS-CoV-2 enters cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and COVID-19 infection may therefore induce changes in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). To determine the effects of COVID-19 on plasma RAS components, we measured plasma ACE, ACE2, and angiotensins I, (1-7), and II in 46 adults with COVID-19 at hospital admission and on days 2, 4, 7 and 14, compared to 50 blood donors (controls). We compared survivors vs. non-survivors, males vs. females, ventilated vs. not ventilated, and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-exposed vs. not exposed. At admission, COVID-19 patients had higher plasma levels of ACE (p=0.012), ACE2 (p=0.001) and angiotensin-(1-7) (p<0.001) than controls. Plasma ACE and ACE2 remained elevated for 14 days in COVID-19 patients, while plasma angiotensin-(1-7) decreased after 7 days. In adjusted analyses, plasma ACE was higher in males vs. females (p=0.042), and plasma angiotensin I was significantly lower in ventilated vs. non-ventilated patients (p=0.001). In summary, plasma ACE and ACE2 are increased for at least 14 days in patients with COVID-19 infection. Angiotensin-(1-7) levels are also elevated, but decline after 7 days. The results indicate dysregulation of the RAS with COVID-19, with increased circulating ACE2 throughout the course of infection.Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ Unique Identifier: NCT04510623
Long-term economic benefits of stabilizing warming without overshoot – the ENGAGE model intercomparison
Authors: Riahi Keywan , Bertram Christoph , Huppmann Daniel , Rogelj Joeri , Bosetti Valentina , Cabardos Anique-Marie , Deppermann Andre , Drouet Laurent , Frank Stefan , Fricko Oliver , Fujimori Shinichiro , Harmsen Mathijs , Hasegawa Tomoko , Krey Volker , Luderer Gunnar , Paroussos Leonidas , Schaeffer Roberto , Weitzel Matthias , Zwaan Bob van der , Vrontisi Zoi , Longa Francesco Dalla , Després Jacques , Fosse Florian , Fragkiadakis Kostas , Gusti Mykola , Humpenöder Florian , Keramidas Kimon , Kishimoto Paul , Kriegler Elmar , Meinshausen Malte , Nogueira Larissa P. , Oshiro Ken , Popp Alexander , Rochedo Pedro , Unlu Gamze , Ruijven Bastiaan van , Takakura Jun'ya , Tavoni Massimo , Vuuren Detlef van , Zakeri Behnam
Published: January 2021

Global emissions scenarios play a critical role in the assessment of strategies to mitigate climate change and their related societal transformations. The current generation of scenarios, however, are criticized because they rely heavily on net negative CO2 emissions (NNCE) that result from allowing temperature limits to be temporarily exceeded. In this study we present a new set of emissions scenarios that exclude NNCE. We show that such scenarios require a more rapid near-term transformation with significant long-term gains for the economy (even without considering the benefits of avoided climate impacts). Scenarios that avoid temperature overshoot and NNCE are thus not only economically more attractive over the long term, they also involve lower climate risks. Our study further identifies possible alternative configurations of net-zero CO2 emissions systems and the distinct roles of different sectors and regions in order to balance emissions sources and sinks.
Optimal Allocation of Tomato Supply to Minimize Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Major U.S. Metropolitan Markets
Authors: Bell Eric , Qin Yuwei , Horvath Arpad
Published: January 2021

The United States food system requires energy, water, and land in significant proportions, releases large quantities of greenhouse gases, and contributes to other environmental concerns. Meeting future demand for fresh food will be especially challenging, requiring the adoption of holistic, systems-level thinking to maximize production and supply while limiting consequences to the climate and natural resources. We have developed a cradle-to-market life-cycle environmental model to assess the greenhouse gas footprint of fresh tomatoes supplied to ten of the largest metropolitan statistical areas in the United States. A linear optimization algorithm is applied to determine the optimal tomato distribution scheme that will minimize tomato-related greenhouse gas emissions across all ten areas. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to assess the uncertainties in the data. Results indicate that the current tomato distribution scheme is suboptimal; re-allocating the fresh tomato supply across these ten areas has the potential to decrease transportation-related emissions by 34% and overall tomato-related greenhouse gas emissions by 13%—from 277,000 MTCO2e to 242,000 MTCO2e. The substantial variability of the optimized scenario raises questions about its practical implementation. Ultimately, however, production practices and geographic conditions (such as soil and climate) are more significant with respect to environmental impact than the supply allocation or the seasonality of supply. Our analysis found a roughly six-fold difference between Philadelphia tomatoes sourced from open-field Virginian production (0.38 kgCO2e/kg) compared with controlled-environment Mexican production (2.3 kgCO2e/kg).
Bulk Segregant Approaches to Nutritional Genomics in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: KUMAR SUDHIR , Li Xue , McDew-White Marina , Reyes Ann , Sayeed Abeer , Haile Meseret , Kennedy Spencer , Carmago Nelly , Checkley Lisa , Vendrely Katelyn , Button-Simons Katrina , Cheeseman Ian , Kappe Stefan , Nosten François , Ferdig Michael , Vaughan Ashley , Anderson Timothy
Published: January 2021

Nutrient acquisition/metabolism pathways provide potent targets for drug design. We conducted crosses between African (NF54) and Asian (NHP4026) malaria parasites, and compared genome-wide allele frequency changes in independent progeny populations grown in human serum or AlbuMAX, a commercial bovine serum formulation. We detected three QTLs linked with differential growth that contained strong candidate genes: aspartate transaminase AST (chromosome 2), cysteine protease ATG4 (chr. 13) and EBA-140 (chr. 14). Alleles inherited from NF54 (chr. 2 and 14) and from NHP4026 (chr. 13) were positively selected in AlbuMAX, while the same alleles were selected against in serum. Selection driving differential growth was strong (s = 0.10 – 0.23 per 48-hour lifecycle) and observed in all biological replicates. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of bulk segregant approaches for revealing nutritional polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum. This approach will allow systematic dissection of nutrient acquisition/metabolism pathways that are potential targets for intervention against P. falciparum.