bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parâmetros zootécnicos de juvenis de pacu alimentados a diferentes frequências de arraçoamento em tanques-rede
Authors: Dieterich Talita Gabriela , Potrich Flávia Renata , Lorenz Evandro Kleber , Signor Arcangelo Augusto , Feiden Aldi , Boscolo Wilson Rogério
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho zootécnico e as características bromatológicas e hematológicas de pacus alimentados a diferentes frequências de arraçoamento. Três mil e duzentos peixes, com peso inicial médio de 65,9±2,36 g, foram distribuídos em 16 tanques-rede de 5 m³ de volume útil. Durante 65 dias, foram avaliadas quatro frequências de arraçoamento (tratamentos): T1, às 12:00 h; T2, às 8:00 e às 17:00 h; T3, às 8:00, 12:00 e 17:00 h; e T4, às 8:00, 11:00, 14:00 e 17:00 h. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Analisaram-se parâmetros de desempenho produtivo, índices de gordura visceral e hepatossomático, composição centesimal da carcaça e parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos. Quanto ao ganho de peso, as frequências T3 e T4 proporcionaram melhores resultados do que T1 e T2. Embora a proteína, o colesterol e os eritrócitos tenham apresentado diferenças entre os tratamentos, permaneceram dentro dos valores de referência para pacus cultivados em tanques-rede. A frequência de três arraçoamentos diários resultou em maior ganho de peso, em comparação aos demais tratamentos, sem interferir na saúde e na composição centesimal das carcaças dos animais.
Qualidade microbiológica e vida útil de filés defumados de tilápia-do-nilo sob refrigeração ou congelamento
Authors: Franco Maria Luiza Rodrigues de Souza , Amaral Luiz Augusto do , Viegas Elisabete Maria Macedo , Kronka Sérgio do Nascimento , Gasparino Eliane , Mikcha Jane Martha Graton , Del Vesco Ana Paula
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e a vida útil de filés de tilápia-do-nilo, submetidos a diferentes métodos de defumação e condições de armazenamento. Foram utilizados dois processos de defumação (a frio ou a quente), em filés com ou sem pigmentação. Os produtos foram armazenados sob refrigeração ou congelados, e monitorados por 28 dias para avaliação da vida útil. Os filés congelados foram monitorados continuamente por 146 dias, apenas para a análise de ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBA). Defumação a quente e a frio reduziram a quantidade de coliformes, respectivamente em 99,78% e 97,80%. O armazenamento do produto sob refrigeração permitiu a redução de 99,73% dos coliformes, e o armazenamento sob congelamento os reduziu em 99,83%. Os valores encontrados de coliformes fecais estiveram dentro do limite permitido. Os valores de TBA nos filés atingiram o máximo no 14o dia de armazenamento. Os valores de TBA nos tratamentos sob refrigeração foram superiores aos daqueles sob congelamento e, também, em filés defumados a frio, em comparação aos defumados a quente. O processo de defumação a quente, com posterior armazenamento sob congelamento, é a técnica mais apropriada para assegurar qualidade e maior período de vida útil para os filés de tilápia-do-nilo, independentemente do processo de pigmentação.
Morphometric comparison between hatchery-reared and wild-caught megalopae of the mangrove crab
Authors: Ayres Bárbara Andressa Casagrande , Silva Ubiratã Assis Teixeira da , Souza Robson Ventura de , Boeger Walter Antonio , Ostrensky Antonio
Published: December 2013

The objective of this work was to compare the morphometry of hatchery-reared and wild-caught mangrove crab (Ucides cordatus) megalopae. Ten U. cordatus megalopae of each group (hatchery-reared and wild-caught) were individually analyzed using a stereoscopic microscope equipped with an ocular micrometer. Length, width, and height of all megalopae were measured, and the size of body appendices was determined. The results indicate that the hatchery-reared megalopae are more robust than the wild ones. Furthermore, some significant differences in the size of certain appendices can be cues of the kind of alterations that hatchery-reared individuals experience.
Electrical Stimulation of NIH-3T3 Cells with Platinum-PEDOT-Electrodes Integrated in a Bioreactor
Authors: Blume Grit , Müller-Wichards Wiebke , Goepfert Christiane , Pörtner Ralf , Müller Jörg
Published: December 2013

The objective of this work involves the development and integration of electrodes for the electrical stimulation of cells within a bioreactor. Electrodes need to fit properties such as biocompatibility, large reversible charge transfer and high flexibility in view of their future application as implants on the tympanic membrane. Flexible thin-film platinum-poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)-electrodes on a poly(ethylene terephthalate)-foil manufactured using microsystems technology were integrated into a bioreactor based on the design of a 24 well plate. The murine fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3 was cultured on the foil electrodes and the cells were stimulated with direct voltage and unipolar pulsed voltage. The amplitude, the pulse length and the ratio of pulse to pause were varied. The stimulated cells were stained in order to determine the angle between the cell cleavage plane of the dividing cells and the vector of the electric field. These angles were subsequently used to calculate the polarization index, which is a measure of the orientation of the metaphase plane of dividing cells that occurs for example during wound healing or embryonic morphogenesis.
Diffusion problems on fractional nonlocal media
Authors: Sapora Alberto , Cornetti Pietro , Carpinteri Alberto
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the nonlocal diffusion in one-dimensional continua is investigated by means of a fractional calculus approach. The problem is set on finite spatial domains and it is faced numerically by means of fractional finite differences, both for what concerns the transient and the steady-state regimes. Nonlinear deviations from classical solutions are observed. Furthermore, it is shown that fractional operators possess a clear physical-mechanical meaning, representing conductors, whose conductance decays as a power-law of the distance, connecting non-adjacent points of the body.
Study of optical parameters of two fluorinated isothiocyanato nematic liquid crystals exhibiting high birefringence
Authors: Devi T. , Choudhury B. , Bhattacharjee A. , Dabrowski R.
Published: December 2013

Optical studies have been carried out on two fluorinated isothiocyanato nematic liquid crystal (LC) compounds 4′-butylcyclohexyl-3, 5-difluoro-4-isothiocyanatobiphenyl and 4′-pentylcyclohexyl-3, 5-difluoro-4-isothiocynatobiphenyl. Transition temperatures of the two samples were confirmed using a polarizing microscope. The two LC compounds were found to exhibit fairly high clearing temperatures. Measurements of refractive indices of the two compounds were done by using thin prism method with He-Ne laser beam of wavelength 630 nm. Birefringence of the two LC compounds was calculated from the measured refractive indices. Both the compounds are found to display fairly high values of birefringence. Validation of a modified four-parameter model, based on Vuks equation describing the temperature dependence of refractive indices of the two liquid crystals, is also presented in this paper. The model is validated by fitting the experimentally measured values of refractive indices, birefringence and average refractive indices of the two nematic LCs with the theoretical values. In this paper, the calculation of order parameters of the LCs is presented by using two methods: direct extrapolation method based solely on the birefringence data and by using modified Vuks method based on Haller’s extrapolation. As observed from the obtained results, this procedure of calculating order parameter gives very reasonable results.
Size-dependence of the effective electron-phonon energy relaxation in hollow gold nanospheres
Authors: Fan Y. , Li J. , Chen H. , Lu X. , Liu X.
Published: December 2013

In this paper the size-dependence of energy relaxation, which is induced by the electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions and the electron-surface (e-s) interactions in noble metal nanoparticles, is investigated. Then based on the analysis and the derivation of the e-s coupling constant in metal nanospheres, the formula of the effective electron-phonon coupling constant Geff of hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) is deduced. Moreover, the correctness of the formulae gets proved by contrast analyses of the calculated Geff values and experimental values obtained from literature.
Skeleto-Dental Changes After Camouflage Treatment in Class II division 1 Adult Patients with Average Mandibular Plane Angle
Authors: Kafle Dashrath , Ulrich Saruba
Published: December 2013

Objective: To assess the skeleto-dental changes in adult Class II Division 1 patients with average mandibular plane angle after camouflage orthodontic treatment by premolars extraction.

Materials and Method: Total 30 adult female patients, aged between 20-40 years with Class II Division 1 malocclusion with average mandibular plane angle (Mp-SN: 30-38) were selected for the study. Pre-treatment and post-treatment cephalographs were traced and different measurements are derived from skeletal and dental landmarks. Statistical analysis was done by paired t-test using SPSS software version 16.00.

Results: SNA, SNB and ANB angles were reduced significantly. The maxillary length was also decreased significantly. However mandibular dimension was not changed significantly after camouflage treatment. The upper and lower incisors were significantly intruded whereas upper molar was slightly intruded and lower molar was significantly extruded. Antero-posteriorly, incisors were retracted significantly. Upper molars had negligible mesial movement however lower molars had moved mesially with statistical significance.

Conclusion: During camouflage treatment care should be taken on incisor retraction. The vertical control of the molar teeth is important during the treatment period to avoid worsening of the facial proportion.
Anterior Open Bite Closure: A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Halwai Hemant Kumar
Published: December 2013

Anterior open bite is often caused by a downward rotation of the mandible and/or by excessive eruption of the posterior teeth. In such cases, it is difficult to establish absolute anchorage for molar intrusion by traditional orthodontic mechanics. This article reports the successful treatment of a severe skeletal anterior open bite case using titanium screw anchorage. A female patient of 31 years of age had open bite of 7 mm with increased facial height. The mini screws were implanted on both maxilla and the mandible, and an intrusion force was provided with elastic chains for 13 months. After active treatment of 19 months, her upper and lower first molars were intruded by about 3 mm each, and good occlusion was achieved. Her retrognathic chin and convex profiles were improved by an upward rotation of the mandible. Our result suggests that titanium screws are useful for intrusion of molars in anterior open bite cases.
Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need in Referred Nepalese Population
Authors: Shrestha Sujita , Shrestha Rabindra Man
Published: December 2013

Objective: The study aims to assess the need for orthodontic treatment in a group of referred Nepalese population of Kathmandu valley.

Materials & Method: Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was evaluated on a group of 412 Nepalese orthodontic patients including 142 male and 270 female subjects aged 11-30 years with the mean age 17.12 years by a single examiner.

Result: Dental Health Component showed 16 % no/little treatment need, 19.9 % showed borderline need, and 64.1 % showed great/severe treatment need. Aesthetic Component showed 26.5 % no/little treatment need, 32 % showed borderline need, and 41.5 % showed great/severe treatment need.

Conclusion: Increasing trend of treatment need for more severe forms of orthodontic problems seen in Nepalese orthodontic patients according to DHC and AC scores in age groups 11-25 years and for both male and female gender groups.
Attachment of Maxillary Labial Frenum in Nepalese Children
Authors: Upadhyay Sumita , Ghimire Neeta
Published: December 2013

Objective: To determine the various types of maxillary labial frenum attachment in Nepalese children.

Materials & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a total of 198 children of age ranging from 1 to 14 years who visited Dental Department of Dhulikhel hospital for routine dental treatment. Types of maxillary labial frenum attachment was recorded along with age and gender. Children were divided into two groups; age 1-7 and 8-14 years. Descriptive analysis was carried out to determine the frequency of frenum types. The relation of frenum with gender and frenum types between two groups were calculated using chi square test.

Results: The most common type was gingival attachment {61.1%) and the least common was papillary penetrating type of frenum attachment {8.1%). There was no significant difference in the frenum attachment between the two genders. Mucosal and gingival attachment was significantly higher in older age group whereas papillary and papillary penetrating was higher in younger age group.

Conclusion: Attachment of frenum in children changes according to age.
Practical Physical and Behavioral Measures to Assess the Socialization Spectrum of Cats in a Shelter-Like Setting during a Three Day Period
Authors: Slater Margaret , Garrison Laurie , Miller Katherine , Weiss Emily , Makolinski Kathleen , Drain Natasha , Mirontshuk Alex
Published: December 2013

Animal welfare organizations routinely accept large numbers of cats with unknown histories, and whose backgrounds vary from well-socialized pets to cats that have had little or no contact with humans. Agencies are challenged with making the determination of socialization level in a highly stressful environment where cats are often too frightened to show typical behaviors. A variety of structured behavioral assessments were conducted in a shelter-like environment, from intake through a three day holding period, on cats from the full range of socialization as reported by their caregivers. Our results show that certain behaviors such as rubbing, playing, chirping, having the tail up or being at the front of the cage were found to be unique to More Socialized cats. While not all more socialized cats showed these behaviors, cats that did were socialized. Assessing the cats throughout the three day period was beneficial in eliciting key behaviors from shyer and more frightened cats. These results will be used in future work to develop an assessment tool to identify the socialization status of cats as a standardized guide for transparent and reliable disposition decisions and higher live release rates for cats in animal shelters.
Reliability and Validity of a Survey of Cat Caregivers on Their Cats’ Socialization Level in the Cat’s Normal Environment
Authors: Slater Margaret , Garrison Laurie , Miller Katherine , Weiss Emily , Makolinski Kathleen , Drain Natasha
Published: December 2013

Stray cats routinely enter animal welfare organizations each year and shelters are challenged with determining the level of human socialization these cats may possess as quickly as possible. However, there is currently no standard process to guide this determination. This study describes the development and validation of a caregiver survey designed to be filled out by a cat’s caregiver so it accurately describes a cat’s personality, background, and full range of behavior with people when in its normal environment. The results from this survey provided the basis for a socialization score that ranged from unsocialized to well socialized with people. The quality of the survey was evaluated based on inter-rater and test-retest reliability and internal consistency and estimates of construct and criterion validity. In general, our results showed moderate to high levels of inter-rater (median of 0.803, range 0.211–0.957) and test-retest agreement (median 0.92, range 0.211–0.999). Cronbach’s alpha showed high internal consistency (0.962). Estimates of validity did not highlight any major shortcomings. This survey will be used to develop and validate an effective assessment process that accurately differentiates cats by their socialization levels towards humans based on direct observation of cats’ behavior in an animal shelter.
Physical and Behavioral Measures that Predict Cats’ Socialization in an Animal Shelter Environment during a Three Day Period
Authors: Slater Margaret , Garrison Laurie , Miller Katherine , Weiss Emily , Drain Natasha , Makolinski Kathleen
Published: December 2013

Animal welfare organizations typically take in cats with unknown levels of socialization towards humans, ranging from unsocialized cats well-socialized but lost pets. Agencies typically determine the socialization status and disposition options of cats within three days, when even a well-socialized pet may be too frightened of the unfamiliar surroundings to display its typical behavior. This is the third part of a three-phase project to develop and evaluate a reliable and valid tool to predict cats’ socialization levels. We recruited cats from the full spectrum of socialization and, using information from the cats’ caregivers regarding typical behavior toward familiar and unfamiliar people, assigned each cat to a Socialization Category. This information was compared to the cats’ behavior during three days of structured assessments conducted in a shelter-like setting. The results of logistic regression modeling generated two models using assessments from the mornings of the second and third day, focusing on predicting shyer or more aloof but socialized cats. Using the coefficients from each of these models, two sets of points were calculated which were useful in differentiating More and Less Socialized cats. In combination with key socialized behaviors, these points were able to fairly accurately identify More and Less Socialized cats.
Quantifying the Effects of Frequency and Amplitude of Periodic Oxygen-Related Stress on Recombinant Protein Production in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Jazini Mohammadhadi , Cekici Gülbahar , Herwig Christoph
Published: December 2013

Pichia pastoris is an attractive candidate platform for recombinant protein production. Dissolved oxygen is one of the most important factors in the cultivation of P. pastoris. However, the effect of oxygen on triggering productivity led to ambivalent results. In our earlier work, a two-compartment system, consisting of a single reactor coupled with a plug flow reactor (PFR), has been proposed as a tool to improve protein quantity and quality. The goal of this work was to investigate the effects of frequency (the residence time of broth in the PFR) and amplitude (the dissolved oxygen level in the reactor) of the stress on productivity, titer and physiology. A recombinant P. pastoris strain, which expressed horseradish peroxidase, was used as the model system. Thirteen experiments were performed. Multivariate data analysis was done and the results showed that the residence time did not influence titer, productivity and physiology over the range of residence time studied while dissolved oxygen influenced titer and specific productivity in a quadratic function. In other words, an intermediate level of dissolved oxygen (25%) showed the highest specific productivity and titter, irrespective of the residence time in the PFR. In turn, the variation of the residence time and dissolved oxygen did not influence growth physiology, as quantified in biomass and carbon dioxide yields.
The Antidiabetic Drug Metformin Inhibits the Proliferation of Bladder Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Zhang Tao , Guo Peng , Zhang Yinan , Xiong Hui , Yu Xiao , Xu Shan , Wang Xinyang , He Dalin , Jin Xunbo
Published: December 2013

Recent studies suggest that metformin, a widely used antidiabetic agent, may reduce cancer risk and improve prognosis of certain malignancies. However, the mechanisms for the anti-cancer effects of metformin remain uncertain. In this study, we investigated the effects of metformin on human bladder cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms. Metformin significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of 5637 and T24 cells in vitro; specifically, metformin induced an apparent cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phases, accompanied by a strong decrease of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), E2F1 and an increase of p21waf-1. Further experiments revealed that metformin activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and suppressed mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the central regulator of protein synthesis and cell growth. Moreover, daily treatment of metformin led to a substantial inhibition of tumor growth in a xenograft model with concomitant decrease in the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1 and p-mTOR. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that metformin efficiently suppresses the proliferation of bladder cancer cells and suggest that metformin may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of bladder cancer.
Daily Nutritional Dose Supplementation with Antioxidant Nutrients and Phytochemicals Improves DNA and LDL Stability: A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim You , Ahn Yoon , Lim Yeni , Kim Ji , Kim Joohee , Kwon Oran
Published: December 2013

Reactive oxygen species are important risk factors for age-related diseases, but they also act as signaling factors for endogenous antioxidative defense. The hypothesis that a multi-micronutrient supplement with nutritional doses of antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals (MP) may provide protection against oxidative damage and maintain the endogenous antioxidant defense capacity was assessed in subjects with a habitually low intake of fruits and vegetables. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, and parallel designed trial, 89 eligible subjects were assigned to either placebo or MP for eight weeks. Eighty subjects have completed the protocol and included for the analysis. MP treatment was superior at increasing serum folate (p < 0.0001) and resistance to DNA damage (p = 0.006, tail intensity; p = 0.030, tail moment by comet assay), and LDL oxidation (p = 0.009) compared with the placebo. Moreover, the endogenous oxidative defense capacity was not weakened after MP supplementation, as determined by the levels of glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.442), catalase (p = 0.686), and superoxide dismutase (p = 0.804). The serum folate level was negatively correlated with DNA damage (r = −0.376, p = 0.001 for tail density; r = −0.329, p = 0.003 for tail moment), but no correlation was found with LDL oxidation (r = −0.123, p = 0.275). These results suggest that MP use in healthy subjects with habitually low dietary fruit and vegetable intake may be beneficial in providing resistance to oxidative damage to DNA and LDL without suppressing the endogenous defense mechanisms.
The Offence of Beauty in Modern Western Art Music
Authors: Bannister Peter
Published: December 2013

In recent decades, beauty has become a largely unfashionable, even offensive notion within art and philosophy. As Eastern Orthodox theologian, David Bentley Hart, has pointed out, this offence has a twofold sense. Firstly, the ‘beautiful’ has been dismissed as philosophically insignificant in comparison to the ‘sublime’ by an intellectual tradition tracing itself back to Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Judgment. Secondly, the making of apparently beautiful art has, especially after the Shoah, frequently been regarded as ethically offensive in the face of suffering in the world. The present essay discusses how these two critiques of the beautiful find themselves reflected in twentieth and twenty-first century musical aesthetics, with particular reference to the writings of Theodor W. Adorno, and asks what solutions have been found by composers of Christian sacred music in the Western tradition confronted by this ‘taboo on beauty’.
Occurrence of Deoxynivalenol and Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in Hard Red Spring Wheat Grown in the USA
Authors: Simsek Senay , Ovando-Martínez Maribel , Ozsisli Bahri , Whitney Kristin , Ohm Jae-Bom
Published: December 2013

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin found in wheat that is infected with Fusarium fungus. DON may also be converted to a type of “masked mycotoxin”, named deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G), as a result of detoxification of the plant. In this study, DON and D3G were measured using gas chromatographic (GC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in wheat samples collected during 2011 and 2012 in the USA. Results indicate that the growing region had a significant effect on the DON and D3G (p < 0.0001). There was a positive correlation between both methods (GC and LC-MS) used for determination of DON content. DON showed a significant and positive correlation with D3G during 2011. Overall, DON production had an effect on D3G content and kernel damage, and was dependent on environmental conditions during Fusarium infection.
La vie est une course
Authors: Bruyère-Demoulin Nathalie
Published: December 2013

Parmi les comparaisons et les métaphores de la littérature grecque liées à la représentation de la vie humaine, celle de la course à pied n'est pas la moins fréquente. Les textes, généralement antérieurs à l'ère chrétienne, ont été classés en fonction du vocabulaire et de la chronologie. L'étude de leur contenu stylistique et psychologique permet de mieux cerner l'image que les anciens Grecs se faisaient de l'existence.
Héraclite critique des poètes et des savants
Authors: Babut Daniel
Published: December 2013

Les fragments 105 et 56 D.-K. énoncent une condamnation globale et sans appel de la « sagesse » d'Homère, ravalée au niveau des superstitions et de l'ignorance des autres hommes tandis que Β 42, en associant Homère et Archiloque dans la même réprobation dénonce l'influence néfaste des poètes en matière d'éducation. Hésiode, présenté dans les fragments 57 et 106 (qui ne remontent pas au même original) comme un faux instructeur, aussi aveugle que ceux qu'il prétend instruire, est associé dans Β 40 aux « polymathes », dont la « science » est aussi illusoire que la sagesse traditionnelle à laquelle elle prétend se substituer. La critique qu'Héraclite adresse à la pensée de ses prédécesseurs et contemporains se révèle ainsi plus radicale que celle de Xénophane.
Le sang de taureau
Authors: Touwaide Alain
Published: December 2013

Le sang de taureau était, dans l'Antiquité gréco-romaine, considéré comme toxique. Ce sang étant dépourvu d'une semblable propriété à l'état naturel, l'affirmation de sa toxicité est une erreur d'interprétation commise par la médecine grecque.
Philoktetes : Sophoklean Melodrama
Authors: Craik Elizabeth M.
Published: December 2013

Les problèmes d'interprétation qu'a suscités cette pièce s'évanouissent dès que l'on se rend compte du rôle des éléments de mélodrame qui ont été introduits par imitation d'Euripide. On s'explique alors facilement l'intrigue, avec ses revirements, ses surprises et ses inconsistances, aussi bien que les rôles d'Ulysse, de Philoctète et d'Héraclès, qui visent tous â produire le même effet.
Objets romains trouvés à Anvers en 1608
Authors: Rantz Berthe
Published: December 2013

Parmi les objets d'époque romaine décrits et dessinés par le chroniqueur Van Caukercken, seul le devant d'une urne cinéraire en marbre existe encore. Elle est du type urne-maison en vogue à Rome au ne et au nie siècle, chez les affranchis principalement. Le décor suggère l'idée du bonheur dans l'autre monde. Ni l'urne, ni les bustes, lampes, tituli n'ont pu être importés avant le XVIe ou le XVIIe siècle ; cependant les vases, de production régionale, pourraient avoir été réellement déterrés en 1608, près de l'abbaye St-Michel.
The Hoplite as Citizen : Athenian military Institutions in their social Context
Authors: Ridley Ronald Thomas
Published: December 2013

L'examen des rapports existant, à Athènes, entre le corps des hoplites et celui des citoyens permet de montrer que ce contingent ne mérite pas le jugement sévère de trop d'érudits modernes. Les faits militaires du Ve siècle mettent en évidence l'habileté tactique et l'efficacité de l'hoplite athénien, dont la formation commençait dès la jeunesse, par un système d'instruction analogue à celui qu'imposera l'éphébie. Les exercices physiques pratiqués à titre personnel contribuaient à maintenir la bonne condition physique du citoyen adulte, lequel devait aussi participer à des entraînements, probablement organisés par tribus.
Saffo I 1 : Analisi Estetica
Authors: Bonelli Guido
Published: December 2013

L'auteur propose de l'ode 1 de Sappho une interprétation esthétique qui cherche à mieux faire percevoir le jeu des sentiments exprimés. Des notations essentielles sur la délicatesse et la beauté définissent l'attitude d'Aphrodite à l'égard de la douleur de Sappho. Les autres notions évoquées s'accordent harmonieusement avec ce thème principal pour créer l'atmosphère propre au poème et lui conférer son unité lyrique. Les interprétations non esthétiques, notamment celle de Page, sont critiquées au passage.
L'épos philologique : Apollonios de Rhodes et quelques homérismes méconnus
Authors: Livrea Enrico
Published: December 2013

Choix de passages où, en signalant un rapport méconnu entre Homère et Apollonios de Rhodes, on peut aboutir à une nouvelle solution de certaines difficultés textuelles qui continuent à troubler les éditeurs : I, 550, lire σκοπφσι ; I, 749, préférer ἀμειβόμενοι, lectio difficillima ; II, 76, garder le texte transmis, άίσσων ; II, 224, revenir à la crux , II, 272, conserver δυσάσχετος
Réflexions sur l'économie et le commerce du Sallentin hellénistique à propos d'amphores inédites de Gallipoli et d'Ugento
Authors: Desy Philippe
Published: December 2013

Étude de trente amphores conservées dans deux villes de la Péninsule Sallentine. Jusqu'au IIIe s. a.C, on découvre dans cette région de nombreuses importations corinthiennes et gréco-italiques, mais, durant les IIe-Ier s. a.C, l'Apulie s'insère dans le grand commerce hellénistique et exporte ses productions agricoles - abondantes comme en témoignent Varron et Strabon - dans des amphores de fabrication locale, par l'intermédiaire de petits ports dont l'intérêt a été mis en relief par des fouilles récentes.
Transport de tambours de colonnes du Pentélique à Éleusis au IVe siècle avant notre ère
Authors: Raepsaet Georges
Published: December 2013

L'histoire des moyens de transport terrestre dans l'Antiquité souffre souvent d'un préjugé défavorable. La médiocrité technologique générale autant que les déficiences du harnais constitueraient les causes principales de cette «stagnation». Une relecture «archéologique» de l'inscription d'Éleusis IG, II², 1673 (comptes de construction du Prostoon de Philon), sa confrontation avec l'iconographie du charroi utilitaire, permettent de rendre au véhicule antique et à son efficacité économique une plus juste place. La méchanè d'Éleusis, dont est proposé un essai de reconstitution graphique, était un châssis monté sur galet, tiré par un attelage de bœufs en file, qui transportait sur 35 km un tambour de colonne de huit tonnes.
Théra et la jeune civilisation mycénienne
Authors: Vanschoonwinkel Jacques
Published: December 2013

Les rapprochements iconographiques entre Théra et la Grèce de l'HR I ont poussé plusieurs archéologues à conclure à l'existence de relations privilégiées entre ces deux contrées. Un examen des témoignages théréens, artistiques et ainsi que celui de la situation dans les autres îles des Cyclades et surtout en Grèce continentale, amènent l'auteur à douter du bien-fondé de cette Tous les indices montrent plutôt que les connexions entre Théra et le continent reflètent l'influence des Cyclades sur la Grèce del'ΉΜ III — HR I, qui est la période de formation de la culture mycénienne.
Un bas-relief surnommé « Semini »
Authors: Rantz Berthe
Published: December 2013

Dans la plus ancienne construction conservée d'Anvers, un bas-relief est encastré sous une niche ayant abrité une Madone. Le bas-relief est surnommé « Semini », sans avoir le moindre rapport avec ce juron abâtardi. Il pourrait dater de l'époque romaine et un géant anguipède en position d'atlante, la figure s'arrêtant aux genoux ; les proportions du corps et la sculpture répondent aux normes des ne et me siècles. L'utilisation du thème de la lutte des géants contre les dieux s'est renouvelée aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles dans la représentation de s. Michel terrassant le dragon, puis de l'Immaculée Conception, où Marie et l'enfant mettent le pied sur la tête d'un anguipède personnifiant l'esprit du mal. Un panneau donnait autrefois cette explication du bas-relief sous la niche.
Contribution à l'étude stylistique de Tacite : la phrase nominale (Histoires I)
Authors: Nieto-Hernández Purificación
Published: December 2013

L'auteur part des caractéristiques les plus communément attribuées au style de Tacite : concentration, densité, élimination du superflu. Après avoir établi, dans une brève réflexion sur la nature et la définition de la phrase nominale, ses principes méthodologiques, elle passe à l'analyse concrète de l'usage que Tacite fait du style nominal. Elle propose enfin de considérer cet emploi comme un procédé stylistique, consciemment recherché et utilisé avec efficacité pour souligner les différences entre parties narratives, parties descriptives, sententiae et discours.
Le culte de Demeter Achaia en Béotie. État actuel des connaissances
Authors: Suys Véronique
Published: December 2013

L'article présente un état de la question du culte de Demeter Achaia en Béotie. Ce culte semble remonter à la période mycénienne et fut peut-être apporté d'Eubée par les Géphyréens. Il a des points communs avec les Thesmophories attiques, en particulier le sacrifice de porcelets jetés dans des fosses. L'un des rites comportait sans doute l'usage de cymbales et de tambours. Hérodote mentionne des orgia de la déesse. L'épiclèse 'Αχαία serait formée du radical αχαιρ - et du suffixe -ιος. Mais la question de son sens reste posée.
Note sur le texte de l'Hippias mineur de Platon dans les manuscrits de Vienne
Authors: Vancamp Bruno
Published: December 2013

Une nouvelle collation du texte de l'Hippias mineur de Platon dans les manuscrits de base Vindobonenses Suppl. gr. 7 (= W) et 39 (= F) permet de compléter et de corriger dans une mesure appréciable le relevé des variantes de F et W fourni par les éditions disponibles à ce jour. Cet examen conduit en outre à poser l'existence d'au moins un ancêtre en minuscule entre F et l'exemplaire en onciale dont il dérive.
Une allocation pour les filles d'Aristide
Authors: Labarbe Jules
Published: December 2013

Tel qu'on l'utilise communément, le fragment de Démétrios de Phalère relatif à l'allocation dont bénéficièrent les filles d'Aristide le Juste (fr. 96 Wehrli) constitue, sur le plan chronologique, un véritable non-sens. Une nouvelle étude du vocabulaire et de la syntaxe, entraînant une révision des rapports prosopographiques, lui donne sa pleine valeur de témoignage historique, au prix d'une addition infime : celle d'un ἄν à rétablir devant ἀντὶ dans PLUTARQUE, Aristide, 27, 5.
Cosmic Eschatology in the First Century : «Pagan», Jewish and Christian
Authors: Downing F. Gerald
Published: December 2013

Dans l'antiquité classique, le thème d'une fin imminente du monde entier n'appartenait pas qu'aux Juifs et aux Chrétiens. Il se trouve chez les Épicuriens, mais aussi chez des auteurs tels que Pline et Sénèque. Une métaphore commune fait du monde un organisme vieilli, souvent une mère âgée qui va mourir. Ce thème (avec des idées associées) existait, selon toute probabilité, dans le langage ordinaire des Grecs et des Latins.
Did Patronage Exist in Classical Athens?
Authors: Zelnick-Abramovitz Rachel
Published: December 2013

Rachel ZELNICK- ABRAMOVITZ, Did Patronage Exist in Classical Athens ? - L'article examine l'opinion selon laquelle les relations entre patron et client, qui la Rome ancienne, n'existaient pas dans l'Athènes classique. Effectivement, une terminologie claire définissant de telles relations est absente des textes grecs, et ce que nous savons des relations interpersonnelles à Athènes ne concorde pas avec les modèles de patronage, tels qu'ils sont formulés par les historiens de la Rome ancienne et par les sociologues. Mais un examen des textes grecs montre que les Athéniens utilisaient une terminologie unique pour décrire de telles relations, et que des relations similaires à celles de patron-client existaient dans l'Athènes classique, dans la sphère personnelle et dans la sphère publique.
The Crews of Athenian Triremes
Authors: Jordan Borimir
Published: December 2013

Borimir JORDAN, The Crews of Ancient Triremes. - Cet article établit les points suivants contre l'opinion actuellement acceptée. 1. Les sources littéraires s'accordent avec les représentations iconographiques sur le fait que les trières étaient des vaisseaux à deux ponts. 2. Les sources écrites divisent toujours l'équipe des en deux catégories, thranitai et thalamioi ou nautai et hyperesia. 3. Par les rameurs étaient moins nombreux qu'on l'a cru. 4. Hyperesia est le mot général pour les rameurs du pont inférieur, parmi lesquels il y avait des esclaves. 5. Les officiers des vaisseaux s'appelaient nautai.
Narrative Sequence and Closure in Aeneid, XII, 931-952
Authors: Molyviati-Toptsi Ourania
Published: December 2013

Ourania MOLYVIATI-TOPTSI, Narrative Sequence and Closure in Aeneid, XII, 931-952. - La présente publication cherche à démontrer que le nanateur omniscient de l' Enéide justifie la mort de Turnus au niveau à la fois humain et divin. D'abord, il lui fait perdre sa crédibilité par la description du conflit et de l'inconséquence entre ses paroles (XII, 931-938) et ses sentiments (XII, 952), entre ses actes (XII, 941-944) et ses paroles (XII, 931-938). Ensuite, il présente l'acte d'Énée comme un châtiment juste en faisant du balteus de Pallas un monument (monumentum) du passé et un symbole (insigné) de la nature perfide et ennemie de Turnus envers les Troyens. Enfin, la mort de Turnus est représentée en tant qu'acte providentiel de restriction, semblable à l'emprisonnement des vents dans le livre I, 52-63, décidé par Jupiter dans le but d'assurer la stabilité du nouvel ordre social qu'Énée est destiné à établir en Italie.
Œdipe ou la prolifération explicative
Authors: Moreau Alain
Published: December 2013

Alain Moreau (Aix-en-Provence), Œdipe ou la prolifération explicative. - Sont recensées successivement un certain nombre d'interprétations du mythe d'Œdipe proposées depuis 1850 : thèses solaires de la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle (Müller, Bréal, Decharme) ; Œdipe ancien dieu (Gruppe) ; un mythe pré-grec (Dirlmeier) ; épreuves initiatiques et au pouvoir royal (Marie Delcourt) ; bouc émissaire (Frazer, René Girard) ; héros chthonien (Cari Robert, Lowell Edmunds, Jean Rudhardt) ; psychanalyse freudienne et jungienne (Freud, Georges Devereux et les corrections apportées par Richard Buxton ; Charles Segal, paroles à double sens, paroles révélatrices ; Alain Moreau, les trois crimes fondamentaux) ; Jan Bremmer (syncrétisme méthodologique).
Psychographie de Tibère
Authors: Somville Pierre
Published: December 2013

Pierre SOMVILLE (ULg), Psychographie de Tibère. - Quelques traits, fournis avec la plus grande précision par Suétone (VI, VII, XXIII), nous font voir en Tibère un émotif rentré. C'est sans doute là la clé de tous ses comportements déviants : hésitation, dissimulation, ressentiment, esprit de vengeance et cruauté.
CARTOEVALUATION METHOD FOR ASSESSMENT OF GIS SOFTWARE
Authors: Dobesova Zdena
Published: December 2013

The article offers proposals for a new approach to evaluating GIS programs in cartographic functions. The newly proposed CartoEvaluation method is a comprehensive guide in monitoring all cartographic features and in subsequent selection of the program. The CartoEvaluation method is based on Gold-Question-Metric method. CartoEvaluation method was applied for assessment of some desktop GIS software. The result of assessment brings the rank of software. Method can help a user in the choice of GIS program when a user requires a higher cartographic functionality.
La marche de la Catalogne vers l'autodétermination
Authors: Boix Carles , Major J.C.
Published: December 2013

Une majorité de Catalans semble désormais favorable à la tenue en 2014 d’un référendum sur l’indépendance. Une attitude qui se réfère au caractère multiséculaire de la revendication politique et culturelle catalane, mais qui est aussi le résultat, au-delà du débat présent sur le partage fiscal, de la volonté permanente des institutions de l’État espagnol – gouvernement, Tribunal constitutionnel, etc. – d’empiéter sur les différents statuts accordés au fil du temps à la Catalogne.
Le pari risqué des nationalistes écossais : l'indépendance ou rien ?
Authors: Dixon Keith
Published: December 2013

Le nationalisme écossais a profité de l’impopularité de Margaret Thatcher puis, plus récemment, de Tony Blair pour se développer. En 2007, le Scottish National Party (SNP) remporte pour la première fois les élections au parlement écossais puis, quatre ans plus tard, il obtient la majorité absolue. Si le « oui » a peu de chances de l’emporter au référendum sur l’indépendance de septembre 2014, les nationalistes pensent tout de même pouvoir en profiter pour obtenir un transfert accru de pouvoirs.
El miedo en el escenario del viaje atlántico ibérico, siglos XV-XVI
Authors: Moya Sordo Vera
Published: December 2013

Durante los primeros viajes atlánticos que realizaron los ibéricos, primero por costas africanas y después hacia el horizonte occidental se manifestaron diversos miedos resultado, por un lado, de la sensación de peligro que despertaba la propia extensión marina, los seres que la habitaban y los fenómenos climáticos que allí se sucedían, y por el otro, del conocimiento de antiguos filósofos, mitos y creencias cristianas que relacionaban al mar con el infierno, el pecado y la muerte. En este sentido, los miedos no eran solamente respuestas a determinadas estimulaciones externas o internas, y fueron también causa y consecuencia de construcciones culturales e ideológicas frente el mundo natural. A través del análisis del discurso de diarios de viaje, crónicas y narraciones literarias de la época, se examinan diversos miedos que sorprendieron a aquellos navegantes: la lejanía de tierra; los padecimientos por sed, hambre y enfermedad; el encuentro con piratas o sirenas; así como los relacionados con la posibilidad de pérdida del barco: averías, malos pilotajes, tormentas, naufragios, además de señales del más allá que ponían a prueba la fe de los más devotos. Pese a los peligros, las naciones navegantes enfrentaron sus miedos impulsadas por el deseo de superar las adversidades y sobrevivieron a los viajes trasatlánticos ayudadas por la tecnología, pero sobre todo por la esperanza.

[gl] Durante as primeiras viaxes atlánticas que realizaron os ibéricos, primeiro por costas africanas e despois cara ao horizonte occidental manifestáronse diversos medos resultado, por un lado, da sensación de perigo que espertaba a propia extensión mariña, os seres que a habitaban e os fenómenos climáticos que alí se sucedían, e polo outro, do coñecemento de antigos filósofos, mitos e crenzas cristiás que relacionaban ao mar co inferno, o pecado e a morte. Neste sentido, os medos non eran soamente respostas a determinadas estimulacións externas ou internas, e foron tamén causa e consecuencia de construcións culturais e ideolóxicas fronte o mundo natural. A través da análise do discurso de diarios de viaxe, crónicas e narracións literarias da época, examínanse diversos medos que sorprenderon aqueles navegantes: a distancia de terra; os padecementos por sede, fame e enfermidade; o encontro con piratas ou sereas; así como os relacionados coa posibilidade de perda do barco: avarías, malas pilotaxes, tormentas, naufraxios, ademais de sinais do alén que poñían a proba a fe dos máis devotos. Malia os perigos, as nacións navegantes enfrontaron os seus medos impulsadas polo desexo de superar as adversidades e sobreviviron ás viaxes trasatlánticas axudadas pola tecnoloxía, pero sobre todo pola esperanza.
Para la etimología de la palabra Jerigonza
Authors: Moralejo Laso Abelardo
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
El sistema referencial en español antiguo: leísmo, laísmo y loísmo
Authors: Echenique Elizondo M. Teresa
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Notas sobre el romance morisco y la comedia de Lope de Vega
Authors: Carrasco Urgoiti M. Soledad
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Citas y alusiones bíblicas en el Viaje de Turquía
Authors: Piñero Sáenz Antonio
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Enclisis pronominal en el participio de las perífrasis verbales
Authors: González Ollé Fernando
Published: December 2013

La construcción de participio, sintácticamente vinculado a un verbo auxiliar, con pronombre enclítico, usual en los comienzos del castellano; continuada, en algunas de sus variedades, hasta época reciente, e inusitada (aunque no faltan testimonios excepcionales) en la actual, se enmarca en determinadas estructuras sintácticas o está condicionada por ellas. Establecer la tipología de esa construcción mediante la descripción intrínseca de cada una de sus variedades, constituye la finalidad del presente estudio.
La "Afrenta de Corpes" a la luz de algunos motivos literario-folklóricos clásicos y medievales
Authors: Conti Marina
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Los "Gozos" de la Virgen en el Libro de Juan Ruiz (I)
Authors: Morreale Margherita
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
De zéjeles y dansas: orígenes y formación de la estrofa con vuelta
Authors: Beltrán Pepió Vicente
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
“Sacho”: una adaptación semántica del andaluz en el español de Puerto Rico
Authors: Vaquero María
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Contribución al estudio de la toponimia menor mozárabe granadina
Authors: Martínez Ruiz Juan
Published: December 2013

Los documentos granadinos del siglo XVI se nos ofrecen como valiosa fuente para el conocimiento del mozárabe granadino, los rasgos mozárabes e hispanoárabes se descubren fácilmente en dichos documentos y han sido ya objeto de mi atención y estudio. La toponimia menor mozárabe granadina no ha sido hasta ahora objeto de un estudio particular, existen indudablemente algunos topónimos mozárabes estudiados en la obra fundamental sobre el dialecto mozárabe de Francisco Javier Simonet, o en algún estudio de toponimia de Luis Seco de Lucena, pero dichos topónimos son del tipo pueblo, lugar, y en contadas ocasiones son verdaderamente topónimos menores registrados en la minuciosa descripción de una finca, de un lugar. El presente trabajo sólo intenta ofrecer los datos que he recogido durante estos últimos años, en estudios de toponimia menor granadina.
Camellos, no caballeros (Gen. Est. VI, Cap. XIII-XIV)
Authors: Alvar Manuel
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Enles, ennes
Authors: Hernández González Carmen
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Tópica literaria y realización textual: Unas notas sobre la poesía española de las ruinas en los siglos de oro
Authors: López Bueno Begoña
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Léxico e historia: neologismos en el español del siglo XIV
Authors: Torres Ramírez Isabel de
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
El retrato de don Amor
Authors: Cherchi Paolo
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Nuevos datos sobre la primacía lingüística toledana
Authors: González Ollé Fernando
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Inventario de los cuadros y libros de Ruy Gómez de Silva, III Duque de Pastrana (1626)
Authors: Dadson Trevor J.
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Notas sobre la lengua española hablada en Madrid
Authors: Álvarez Martínez M. Ángeles
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Estudio comparativo entre la entonación portuguesa (de Brasil) y la española
Authors: Quilis Antonio
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Las peripecias españolas del sufijo latino -ōriu, ōria
Authors: Malkiel Yakov
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Radiografía de un cambio lingüístico de la Edad Media
Authors: Blake Robert J.
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
El Cancionero a Marfira de Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza
Authors: Díez Fernández José Ignacio
Published: December 2013

No disponible.