bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bekkâr b. Kuteybe: Hanefî Bir Fakîh ve Âdil Bir Kadı
Authors: FURKANİ Mehterhan
Published: December 2021

Bekkâr b. Kuteybe (ö. 270/884) adaleti, zühdü ve ilmiyle meşhur olan bir kadı idi. Hanefi fakîhi ve muhaddis olan bu zat fıkıh ve hadis ilminin eğitim öğretimiyle meşgul olmuş, birçok eser telif etmiş ve uzun bir süre de kadılık görevini üstlenmiştir. Kadılık görevini yaparken de görevini hakkıyla yerine getirerek hükümdar ile sıradan vatandaşlar arasında hiçbir ayrım yapmayan, tek ilkesi adalet ve hakkaniyetle hükmetmek olan Bekkâr, Hz. Peygamber’in cennetle müjdelediği kadıların özelliklerine sahip olmuştur. Bekkâr siyasî kargaşalardan da payını almış, bir dönemde kadı olup hükümdara ders veren bir konumda iken diğer bir dönemde de aynı hükümdar tarafından hapis cezasına mahkûm olmuş, kalan ömrünün tamamını hapishanede geçirmiştir. Bütün bunların sebebi de yine onun doğru bildiği şeyden vazgeçmemesi ve her türlü zulüm ve haksızlığa karşı dik duruşu, Allah’tan başkasından korkmaması ve bir şey beklememesi idi. Bekkâr’ın hayatında sergilediği tavır, fukahânın siyasetçilere karşı sergiledikleri duruşları açısından da önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Bekkâr b. Kuteybe’nin hayatı, fıkhî kişiliği, kadılığı ve siyasetçilere karşı duruşu ele alınacak ve değerlendirilecektir.
el-İktisâd fi’l-İʿtikâd Adlı Eseri Örnekliğinde Gazzâlî’nin Kelam Metodolojisi
Authors: KAHRAMAN Hüseyin
Published: December 2021

el-İktisâd fi’l-iʿtikâd Gazzâlî’nin başlı başına kelam disiplinine ayırdığı nadide bir eserdir. Eserin kelam disiplini açısından en önemli özelliği mütekaddimîn döneminden müteahhirîn dönemine geçiş sürecine dair önemli bilgiler ihtiva etmesidir. Gazzâlî el-İktisâd’ı daha önce kelamın mütekaddimîn dönemi metodolojisine yapılan eleştirileri dikkate alarak kaleme almıştır. Mütekaddimîn döneminin burhâna dayanmayan zayıf yöntemlerinin terkedildiği ilk eser olma özelliğini haiz olan el-İktisâd, daha sonra mantığın İslâm düşüncesine taşınmasına giden süreci temsil etmesi açısından da büyük önem taşımaktadır. Özellikle subûtî sıfatların ilâhi zatta bulunma tarzını temellendirmeye dair yöntem değişimini temsil eden bu eserde subûtî sıfatlar için tecrübe dünyamızdan benzerlik ilişkisi kurularak yapılan delillendirme yöntemleri terk edilmiştir. Bunun yerine kelamî disiplinin en temel iddialarından biri olan fâil-i muhtâr Tanrı tasavvuru ile tutarlı olan Allah âlem arasındaki fail-fiil ilişkisinin dikkate alınarak delillendirmede bulunulduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca felsefenin metodolojik gücünün kelamcılar tarafından fark edilmesiyle birlikte mütekaddimîn dönemi kelamının metotlarının eksik yönleri tespit edilmiş ve özellikle mantık ile uyuşmayan metotların elenerek; uyumlu olanların ise ıslah edilerek adeta mantığın kelam ilmindeki kabulüne giden yolun taşları bu eserle döşenmiştir. Bu makale özetle mütekaddimîn dönemi cedelî metotlarının yerine mantığa dayalı burhânî metoda geçişte el-İktisâd’ın rolünü ele almaktadır.
Antonio Gramsci’nin ‘Hegemonya’ Kavramı Çerçevesinde Fetö’nün Kültürel Faaliyetleri
Authors: BAŞ Fatih
Published: December 2021

Bu makalede; Gramsci’nin ‘hegemonya’ kavramı çerçevesinde Fetö’nün Türkiye’de devlet ve toplum üzerinde tam tahakküm kurabilmek için kültürel sahada yapmış olduğu faaliyetlere odaklanılmaktadır. Gramsci’de sivil toplum alanı üzerinden gerçekleşen hegemonya kültürel ve ideolojik araçlarla kendini var etmektedir. Dahası hegemonya baskı ve dayatmadan ziyade ikna etmeye odaklı bir benimsetme modeline dayanmaktadır. Terör örgütü olarak tanımlanan Fetö’nün faaliyet tarzı ve yapmış olduğu çeşitli organizasyonlar hegemonya kavramı çerçevesinde analiz edilmeye muhtaçtır. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle Gramsci’nin hegemonya kavramı ele alınmakta ve sivil topluma bakışı değerlendirilmektedir. Akabinde tarihsel olarak Fetö yapılanması genel hatlarıyla anlatılmaktadır. Fetö’nün kültürel faaliyetleri çeşitli başlıklar altında sosyolojik perspektifle ortaya konularak, sonuç kısmıyla makale tamamlanmaktadır. Çalışmada kısa bir literatür taraması yapılmakta ve konu ile ilgili varsa daha önceki benzer çalışmalar incelenmektedir. Gülenist hareketin daha çok siyasal, ekonomik ve bürokratik kurumlarla ilişkisinin ön plana çıkartılması, sivil toplum ile kültürel alandaki çalışmaların gözden kaçırılmasına neden olmaktadır. Hegemonya kavramı üzerinden örgütün kültürel bağlamda analiz edilmesi, çalışmaya özgün bir bakış açısı kazandırmaktadır.
UPAYA MENCEGAH KEKERASAN SEKSUAL MELALUI PENDIDIKAN KELUARGA PADA PROGRAM BINA KELUARGA BALITA
Authors: Rakhmawati Dini , Maulia Desi , Yuliejatiningsih Yovitha
Published: December 2021

The number of violence against children continues to increase every year. The prevention to sexual violence toward children should involve the community. Sexual education should be started through family. Parents teach their toddler about the body, how to respect their body, and how to protect their self. Bina Keluarga Balita as a national program to educate the community, will teach society to prevent sexual violence toward children continuously. The study used the Research and Development approach. The population of the study involved mothers at the Posyandu in Kecamatan Gunungpati which were divided into 16 sub-districts. The research sample was residents from the sub-districs who had low socio-economic and had children aged 2 - 6 years. Research uses purposive sampling technique. Methods of collecting data using scale instruments, questionnaires, achievement tests and interviews. Data analysis used a different test to compare the attitudes and knowledge of mothers to sexual violence in children.The results of testing in small groups and groups are broader, both of which show an increasement in attitudes and knowledge and coping with maternal stress on sexual violence toward children after training in Bina Keluarga Balita. This proves that family education through a toddler family development program is effective in increasing attitudes and knowledge and coping with maternal stress on sexual violence toward children, and this program can be recommended as an effort to prevent sexual violence toward children in community.
CONTRIBUTION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SUPERVISION TOWARD COUNSELOR PERFORMANCE: STUDY IN SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Sandjaja Stefanus Soejanto , Syahputra Yuda , Hariyani Hariyani
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to illustrate the contribution of BK supervision to counselor performance. The sample of this study was 87 Counselor spread in Sumatera Utara schools. Data were collected through two questionnaires, namely: BK supervision (reliability item 0.91) and the performance of Counselor (reliability item 0.95), which was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the counselor performance was in the good category with a percentage of 62.1% and the supervision of the BK received was in the good category with a percentage of 50.6%. Furthermore, the results of the study indicate there is a contribution to the supervision of BK on the performance of Counselor with a contribution value of 20.2%. Besides that, the regression coefficient is positive, so it can be stated that the influence of the BK supervision variable (X) on the counselor performance (Y) teacher is positive. The implications are further discussed for the supervisory process of the counselor performance
Penggunaan Teori Konseling dalam Layanan Konseling Individu di SMP Kabupaten Gresik
Authors: Mufidah Elia Firda , Lathifa Maghfirotul
Published: December 2021

Konseling individu merupakan bagian dari layanan yang ada dalam bimbingan dan konseling. Konseling individu dalam implementasinya tidak lepas dari teori konseling. Teori konseling memberikan pedoman arahan terhadap jalannya proses konseling. Penggunaana teori konseling diharapkan bisa menjadi pegangan guru bimbingan dan konseling agar selama proses konseling tidak berbelok arah ke sesi curhat dan menasehati. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini yakni Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling di SMP Kabupaten Gresik sebagai informan utama. Penelitian memilik tujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang penggunaan teori konseling oleh guru Bimbingan dan Konseling di SMP Kabupaten Gresik
Misinformation and Government Crisis Management in South Korea: Understanding Active Publics’ Belief in Misinformation about the Yemeni Refugee Issue and Its Effect on Active Communication Behaviors
Authors: Chon Myoung-Gi , Kim Katie Haejung
Published: December 2021

This study aims to investigate how situationally motivated publics respond to misinformation in the context of the Yemeni refugee issue in South Korea. In particular, this study examined how situational motivation in problem-solving on the issue is associated with belief in misinformation and active communication behaviors in the framework of situation theory of problem-solving (STOPS). The results of this study showed that individuals with a high level of situational motivation are more likely to believe misinformation on a given issue. In addition, the result found that belief in misinformation mediates between situational motivation in problem-solving and information forwarding. The results of this study contribute to government crisis management dealing with refugee issues.
Reduce Flood Losses Of Kali Tanggul Using Spatial Based Technical Approaches
Authors: Prabowo Prabowo , Halik Gusfan , Hidayah Entin , Haq Taqiudin
Published: December 2021

Flood disasters frequently occurred in Jember Regency, East Java. It is usually caused by the overflow of the Tanggul River in the rainy season, especially in the downstream area. Flood control could be done by building dams, embankments, shortcuts, and other technical flood protections. Meanwhile, mitigation efforts such as developing thematic maps of flood inundation need to be done to minimize losses caused by the flood. This study aims to design a flood mitigation strategy technically. The flood control structure was proposed by designing a shortcut in Kali Tanggul. Its performance was analyzed to reduce flood inundation in the Tanggul watershed. The flood inundation modeling was carried out using spatial analysis using ArcGIS 10.1 and hydraulic analysis using HECRAS 5.0.3. Flood inundation results were compared with the Tanggul watershed flood map developed by UPT PUSDA Lumajang. Based on modeling results, flood control using shortcuts is considered an effective strategy for flood mitigation. It was indicated by the reduction of flood inundation distributions, flood inundation height, and flood-affected areas. The results show that the flood height decrease 0.47 up to 0.56 m
Scientometric Study of The Research Performance on Biodiversity: The Global Perspective
Authors: Sivasami K.
Published: December 2021

This paper examines on scientometric study of the research performance on biodiversity with the data that have been collected from Web of Science database. The study period was chosen from 2011 to 2020 and retrieved 11902 records for the study. This study was planned to find out year-wise publications on biodiversity research from 2011 to 2020, to examine authorship patterns, to find out the top twenty authors contributions, to find out top twenty institutions that contributed to biodiversity research, to find top twenty sources contributions and to identify top twenty countries contributed on biodiversity research. It was found that the year-wise biodiversity research publications show an increase trend. Among the 17 different document types, in the form of research articles have 9102 papers. Out of the 40843 authors, Schmidt B has occupied the first position with 56 contributed papers. 97.46% papers were contributed by collaborative authors, and very least number of papers published by single authors’. Totally 178 countries were contributed on biodiversity research publications, amongst India is the fifteenth place with 407 publications.
On Falling, Holding, and Grounding
Authors: Perlman Gerald
Published: December 2021

Building on the theoretical and developmental history of the fear of falling, holding and grounding in bioenergetic analysis and other psychodynamic theories, this paper presents some of the expressions, experiences and anxieties of falling and the defensive/adaptive, characterological, intra-psychic and interpersonal correlates of holding. In addition the importance of grounding is discussed for setting a foundation and a space/relationship in which it feels safe enough to surrender to the fear of falling. This yields to one’s understanding of the need to hold, in whatever adaptive form it takes, in order to maintain attachments and protect the life force within.
Polyvagal Theory
Authors: Schroeter Vincentia
Published: December 2021

This paper introduces polyvagal theory (1995) as defined by its originator, Stephen Porges, for the benefit of somatic, body-oriented, clinical psychotherapists. While there has been a recent explosion of interest in integrating this psychophysiological theory within various fields, some of the references to and explanation of the material can be difficult to grasp. The goal of this paper is to provide a clear explication of this theory. The main tenets of polyvagal theory will be presented including neuroception, the old and new view of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), normal and stress functions of the ANS, and trauma and attachment from a polyvagal point of view. Case material will illustrate somatic relational techniques from an ANS lens. The use of anatomical portals to contact or promote shifts will be provided.
Traumatic Memories
Authors: Shahri Homayoun
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a detailed description of formation of memory based on neuroscience is given. Different types of memories are reviewed, and definitions of repressed memories and dissociated memories are introduced. Formation of dissociated memories, as well as mechanisms of repression of memory, based on recent fMRI studies and neuroscience research, are discussed. It is argued that traumatic memories frequently have dissociated aspects and repressed aspects. It is concluded and shown, based on recent research in neuroscience, that regardless of the nature of traumatic memories, a very important factor in treatment of trauma is the attuned therapist and the therapeutic relationship. Finally, two case studies are presented to highlight the arguments set forth in this paper.
Design of Piezoelectric Acceleration Sensor for Automobile Applications
Authors: GÜL Mert , KARAER Murat , DOĞAN Aydın
Published: December 2021

In this study, piezoelectric based compressive type accelerometer has been de-signed by using PZT-5A ceramics with bellewasher type spring. FEA analysis were carried out by using COMSOL. According to COMSOL simulation, reso-nance frequency is nearly 42500 Hz. Sensitivity of the designed sensors were measured and compared each other. Frequency spectrum was between 100Hz-10 kHz. The effects of piezodisk thickness, stiffness of the spring and seismic mass on the sensitivity of the designed sensor were investigated. Voltage output is in-creasing from 4.1 mV/g to 12.7 mV/g while seismic mass is raised from 3 gr to 10 gr. Linearity depending on the frequency of the designed accelerometer was dis-torted above 5.5 kHz like commercial accelerometer. In addition, real-time tests were performed using a calibrated accelerometer and a designed accelerometer on the internal combustion engine and drivetrain. Vibration profiles were carried out randomly. According to the results obtained here, it is observed that all the peaks were matched with a coefficient about 1.3.
Prisoners of a Metaphor: Secularization as a Deicidal Epidemic
Authors: Costa Paolo
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the first reactions of many distinguished commentators to the impact that the CoViD-19 pandemic had on people’s religious life globally. Such across-the-board response is investigated against the background of Peter Sloterdijk’s exemplary reinterpretation of the religious vertical impulse in terms of anthropotechnics and is found defective. A more nuanced and ambivalent account of secularization is offered in the end as a viable alternative to the standard thesis of the disenchantment of the world.
White Innocence / White Supremacy
Authors: Gruber Judith
Published: December 2021

This article starts from the observation that current debates about race and racism are often couched in soteriological terms such as guilt and forgiveness, or confession and exoneration, and it argues that this overlap calls for theological analysis. Using the debate about Achille Mbembe’s disinvitation from the German art festival ‘Ruhrtriennale’ 2020 as a case that is typical of a specifically Western European discourse on race, it first sketches a brief genealogy of the modern/colonial history of religio-racialisation and its intersections with Christian tradition, in which racial categories were forged in soteriological discourses, and in which, in turn, soteriological categories were shaped by racist discourses. It proposes that in this process, Christianity, Whiteness and salvation were conflated in a way that has sponsored White supremacy, disguised as innocence. Engaging with performative race theory, the article concludes by making a constructive proposal for a performative theology of race that can account for the profound intersections between racism and soteriology, but also opens trajectories for transforming hegemonic discourses of race and their theological underpinnings.
Penilaian Ekonomi Hutan Kota Srengseng Sebagai Penyedia Jasa Lingkungan Berupa Kesejukan
Authors: Rahayu Anggraini Anisa
Published: December 2021

Pemanasan global menyebabkan temperatur udara di Jakarta meningkat. Keberadaan Hutan Kota Srengseng sangat penting untuk dipertahankan. Pepohonan mampu menghasilkan oksigen sehingga udara terasa lebih sejuk. Oleh karena itu perlu diketahui secara kuantitatif nilai ekonomi dari Hutan Kota Srengseng sehingga keberadaannya dapat dianggap berharga. Penilaian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai kesejukan dari Hutan Kota Srengseng. Dalam menentukan nilai manfaat Hutan Kota Srengseng sebagai penyedia kesejukan, metode pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu metode biaya pengganti. Nilai manfaat Hutan Kota Srengseng sebagai penyedia kesejukan untuk masyarakat di sekitarnya adalah sebesar Rp7.897.265.625,00 per tahun atau Rp526.484.375,00 per hektar per tahun. Dari hasil penilaian yang telah didapat, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keberadaan Hutan Kota Srengseng memang                       perlu dipertahankan.
Valuasi Ekonomi Sumber Daya Perikanan Pantai Wonokerto Kabupaten Pekalongan
Authors: Nafilah Astrid Dita
Published: December 2021

Penelitian mengenai valuasi ekonomi sumber daya perikanan dilaksanakan di wilayah Pantai Wonokerto Kabupaten Pekalongan pada Jumat, 24 Juli 2020. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui nilai ekonomi sumber daya perikanan yang ada di Pantai Wonokerto. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah survey melalui observasi dan wawancara secara langsung kepada responden. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri atas data primer dan sekunder. Teknik yang digunakan untuk menghitung nilai manfaat perikanan adalah production function approach. Total pendapatan ikan per tahun di Pantai Wonokerto adalah Rp 15,145,744,000 dengan biaya penangkapan ikan yaitu Rp 13,703,140,000 per tahun. Hasil analisis sumber daya perikanan Pantai Wonokerto adalah Rp 1,442,604,000 per tahun.
PENGARUH PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP KINERJA UMKM DI KOTA JAMBI PADA TAHUN 2020
Authors: Bakri Muhammad Rafi
Published: December 2021

Pandemi COVID-19 membawa banyak dampak buruk bagi ekonomi Indonesia tak terkecuali para pelaku UMKM di Kota Jambi. Dengan adanya pembatasan sosial, pelaku UMKM kesulitan untuk mencapai pasarnya. Namun, hal tersebut dapat diminimalisir dengan penggunaan digital marketing. Atas latar belakang tersebut, penulis mengangkat penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang menunjukkan korelasi antara digital marketing dengan kinerja UMKM di Kota Jambi
PENERAPAN DE MINIMIS VALUE DALAM PROSES PENETAPAN NILAI PABEAN BARANG KIRIMAN IMPOR PADA KPPBC TMP B PEKANBARU
Authors: Suharto Dafa Gusfananda
Published: December 2021

Penelitian dengan metode kualitatif ini bertujuan mengetahui dampak kebijakan de minimis value terkait diberlakukannya Peraturan Menteri Keuangan (PMK) No. 199/PMK.010/2019 dalam proses penetapan nilai pabean barang kiriman impor di Kantor Pengawasan dan Pelayanan Bea dan Cukai Tipe Madya Pabean B Pekanbaru. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini berupa hasil tinjauan di lapangan dan wawancara terhadap pegawai seksi Pelayanan Kepabeanan dan Cukai VI KPPBC TMP B Pekanbaru yang menangani langsung proses bisnis barang kiriman impor. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebijakan de minimis value barang kiriman berpengaruh cukup signifikan terhadap proses penetapan nilai pabean barang kiriman pada KPPBC TMP B Pekanbaru. Terkait masalah yang ditemukan dari proses bisnis penetapan nilai pabean barang kiriman adalah kesulitan saat melakukan penetapan sesuai ketentuan nilai pabean, hal ini diakibatkan komoditi barang yang ditetapkan sulit mencari informasi nilai pabean. Masalah lain yang ditemukan adalah tidak terpakainya database nilai pabean sebagai instrumen uji kewajaran nilai pabean barang bersangkutan serta perlakuan voucer dan diskon yang masih membingungkan masyarakat.
Duplikasi Fungsi Dokumen Proposal Inisiatif Baru dan Dokumen Kerangka Acuan Kerja
Authors: Suliantoro Irwan
Published: December 2021

Inisiatif Baru merupakan usulan tambahan rencana kinerja yang berupa program, kegiatan, output. Usulan Inisiatif Baru ditujukan kepada Bappenas melalui dokumen Inisiatif Baru dan kepada Direktorat Jenderal Anggaran (DJA) melalui dokumen Kerangka Acuan Kerja (KAK). Terdapat duplikasi fungsi antara dokumen Inisiatif Baru (versi Bappenas) dengan dokumen KAK (versi DJA), dimana pada kedua dokumen tersebut sama-sama memuat informasi mengenai substansi dari suatu output baru. Dari sisi birokrasi, duplikasi fungsi tersebut antara lain menimbulkan ketidakefisienan proses birokrasi dan menimbulkan kesan kurangnya konsistensi antara kebijakan pada ranah perencanaan dan pada ranah penganggaran. Untuk mereduksi hal tersebut, mekanisme pengusulan proposal Inisiatif Baru perlu diintegrasikan dengan konsep KAK. Integrasi dilakukan dengan menyatukan dokumen dan dengan menerbitkan peraturan dalam satu payung hukum bersama antara Bappenas dan Kementerian Keuangan.
IMPACT INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFER ON FOREST CONSERVATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Wiyekti Ndari , Mariatul Qibthiyyah Riatu
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini membahas dampak Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers (IFT) terhadap konservasi hutan selama periode 2008-2016 di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan model panel berupa fixed effect dan Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) fixed effect. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa adanya pengaruh transfer pemerintah pusat dalam bentuk Dana Perimbangan berupa Dana Alokasi Khusus dan Dana Bagi Hasil positif memengaruhi perluasan area konservasi hutan di Indonesia level kabupaten/kota. Dana koordinasi berupa Dana Tugas Pembantuan positif signifikan memengaruhi pada level kabupaten/kota sedangkan level provinsi menunjukkan positif saja.

Selain itu, dampak dari daerah yang berdekatan atau neighbourhood effect secara empiris terbukti memengaruhi perluasan area konservasi hutan di Indonesia. Dampak tersebut terlihat pada koefisien spasial yang positif. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan pada penyediaan barang publik seperti area konservasi hutan peristiwa yang terjadi justru bukan free rider. Barang publik yang memiliki spillover positif akan memunculkan kejadian berupa mimicry, keikutsertaan penyediaan pada daerah yang berdekatan (neighbour).
PENGGUNAAN DATA MINING DALAM EKSTENSIFIKASI PENELITIAN ULANG
Authors: Irshadi Ardandy Amrie , Wahyu Santoso Alam
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Due to increasing volume of international trade, effect on increasing customs document, Customs play a role so that trade flows run without obstacles, this causes inspection of imported goods to be less than optimal, but on the other hand Customs are required to collect state revenues optimally. This study tries to solve this problem from the post-clearance control side with re-examination by construct an analytical data model to predict the suitable classification. This study uses data on the Notification of Imported Goods during 2020 at the Regional Office of DJBC XXX which using a sample of goods that has similarities but has the potential to be misclassified. This study uses the Cross-industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) model and the Rapid Miner Studio 9.9.2 application. Based on the model formed, the prediction results obtained according to the appropriate classification according to data mining. It also found the factors that most impact to goods classification, the most impact is the Importer status, whereas the least impact is the goods lane.
ABSTRAK:
 
Seiring dengan volume perdagangan internasional yang semakin tinggi, jumlah dokumen kepabeanan yang harus diperiksa juga mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini menghambat peran Bea dan Cukai sebagai fasilitator perdagangan yang menyebabkan pemeriksaan barang impor kurang optimal. Di sisi lain, Bea dan Cukai dituntut untuk menghimpun penerimaan negara secara optimum. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut pada tahap post clearance dengan penelitian ulang, yaitu dengan membangun model data analitik untuk memprediksi klasifikasi barang yang diberitahukan oleh importir sudah sesuai atau belum. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Pemberitahuan Impor Barang selama tahun 2020 pada Kanwil DJBC XXX yang sampel data barangnya memiliki kemiripan tetapi berpotensi salah klasifikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Cross-industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) dan aplikasi Rapid Miner Studio 9.9.2. Berdasarkan permodelan yang dibentuk, didapatkan hasil prediksi klasifikasi yang sesuai menurut data mining. Didapat pula faktor yang paling memengaruhi kebenaran pemberitahuan klasifikasi barang impor, yaitu status importir, sedangkan yang paling tidak berpengaruh adalah jalur pengeluaran barang impor.
Kata Kunci: Penelitian Ulang, Data Analitik, Penerimaan Negara, Klasifikasi Barang
MENELISIK POTENSI PPN INDUSTRI HASIL TEMBAKAU MELALUI SINERGI DJP-DJBC PADA KEGIATAN JOINT PROGRAM
Authors: Wardana Arief Budi , Mayuka Aprifa Eling
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT:
This study aims to identify the business processes of the Tobacco Products Industry for cigarettes as well as to review and evaluate the implementation of the Joint Program conducted by DJP-DJBC. Using a combination of semi-structured and in-depth interviews with participant of Joint Program along with descriptive analysis of implementation data, it produces empirical evidence that synergies between agencies can contribute more to tax revenues. Implications for the Ministry of Finance to maintain and expand the scope of positive synergies between agencies that have an intersection area to escalate nation's prosperity.
Keywords: joint program, IHT cigarettes, tax compliance, tax audit, tax invoice
ABSTRAK:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengenali proses bisnis Industri Hasil Tembakau (IHT) rokok serta mengulas dan mengevaluasi pelaksanaan Joint Program DJP-DJBC pada industri tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan kombinasi wawancara kepada pelaku Joint Program DJP-DJBC beserta analisis deskriptif data implementasi, menghasilkan bukti empiris bahwa sinergi antarinstansi dapat memberikan kontribusi lebih terhadap penerimaan perpajakan. Implikasi bagi Kemenkeu untuk tetap mempertahankan sekaligus memperluas cakupan sinergi positif antarinstansi yang mempunyai irisan dalam ruang lingkup pekerjaan demi terwujudnya kemakmuran bangsa.
Kata Kunci: joint program, IHT rokok, kepatuhan pajak, pemeriksaan pajak, faktur pajak
İpin Ucunda Dans Eden Kuklalar: Parazit Filmi ve Sınıf Bilinci Yoksunluğu
Authors: KAÇAR Erman
Published: December 2021

Lukács’a göre insanlar arasındaki sınıf bilinci yoksunluğunun en önemli göstergelerinden biri, bireyin kendisini diğer sınıflarla olan ideolojik uzlaşma biçimleri ve çıkar ilişkilerinden sıyıramadığı gayri ahlâki durumdur. Ona göre sınıf bilinci, bireylerin kendilerini, içinde bulundukları toplumsal yapıyla birlikte mevcut üretim sürecindeki konumlarını nasıl algıladıklarıyla ilgilidir. Sınıf bilincinin gelişmediği toplumlarda, temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaktan bile menedilmiş, bir işte çalışmayı bile şans olarak gören ast sınıf insanların içinde bulundukları mevcut durumun nedenlerine dair hiçbir sorgulama yapmadıkları, birbirlerinin üzerine basmaktan, birbirlerini tehdit olarak görmekten öteye gitmedikleri durumlarla karşı karşıya kalınır. Bu bakımdan sınıf bilincinin en önemli karşılığı, sınıf çatışması olgusu karşısında bireylerin ortak sınıfsal amaçlarını gerçekleştirmede daima dayanışma içerisinde bulunmalarıdır. Bu çalışmada, sınıf çatışması olgusunu daha önce Snowpiecer (Kar Küreyici, Bong Joon-ho, 2013) filminde yöneten ve yönetilenler arasında, yatay ve yapay bir mekânda (tren) içerisine siyaset teorisini dâhil ederek distopik bir dille aktaran Bong Joon-ho’nun bu kez Parasite, (Parazit, Bong Joon-ho, 2019) filmiyle tersten giderek, sınıflı toplumu ve alt-üst ilişkisini, doğal yaşam alanı olarak bir konağın içerisinde sınıf bilincinin yoksunluğu meselesi üzerinden izleyiciye sunduğu gösterilecektir. Böylelikle çalışmada hedeflenen, Georg Lukács’ın sınıf bilinci kavramını takip etmek suretiyle, sınıf bilinci yoksunluğu sebebiyle yaşadıkları sorunların ‘içinde bulundukları sınıfsal konuma bağlı nedenlerini’ saptayamayan Kim ailesi örneği üzerinden, bu bilinçten yoksun insanların kendi trajedilerinin hem yazarı hem oyuncusu olarak var olduklarının gösterilmesidir.
The Tragic Sense in The Theatre of The Absurd: The Case of Pinter's Birthday Party
Authors: Hussein Sagheer Safaa , Abbass Mohsin Mehdi
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Absurdity is one of the prominent philosophy associated with the emergence of modernist and postmodernist movement in literary text. In such texts, we notice that the embedded themes and ideas reflect the dilemma and the suffering of modern man. The purpose of this paper is an attempt to clarify the subtle feeling associates with the appearance of modernist and postmodernist movements, discussing the ideas of absurdity and absolutism. Also, it gives an idea about the sense of sickness associates with the anomalies of the human conduct on the projected scene such as a universe of meta--identity, named the hilarious theater. This type of theatre is commonly known as absurd  theater as discovered by Martin Julius Esslin (1918-2002), who created this phrase to explain Meta identity has been substantially reinterpreted through an exterior identity mask, which invigorates one of the postmodern ideological conceptions of the enormous humanity. The paper consists of three sections: the first is an introduction  to Pinter's Birthday Party. The second section discusses the concept of absurdity and the reason of its emergence. The third section deals with how absurd themes reflect the pain, the sense of loss and void that modern man experiences amid the chaotic world specifically after WWII. Finally, the study ends up with conclusion and recommendations for further studies
خصائص المناخ السياحي في قضاء بدرة شرقي محافظة واسط
Authors: حاتم طعمة نادية , عبدالكاظم حميدي ميثم
Published: December 2021

المستخلص:-

استقصت هذه الدراسة تأثير المناخ على النشاط السياحي في قضاء بدرة, ولتحقيق هذا الهدف تم تحديد وتقييم الراحة المناخية وذلك باستخدام الاساليب العلمية المقبولة من اجل تحديد تأثير المناخ على الانشطة السياحية وبشكل منهجي, وذلك لاجل الاستفادة منها من قبل السياح وصناع السياحة والمؤسسات الحكومية المعنية بذلك. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم استعراض وتحليل الخصائص الطبيعة والمناخية في قضاء بدرة, وكذلك استخدام دليل المناخ السياحي (TCI) الذي يقيم جودة المناخ, ويحدد الاوقات المناسبة للنشاط السياحي خلال السنة, وقد اظهرت النتائج التي توصلت اليها الدراسة الى ان ظروف الراحة المناخية تكون مثالية في شهر نيسان و تكون ممتازة في اشهر شباط واذار في حين كانت اشهر الصيف تموز وآب غير ملائمة للسياحة في منطقة الدراسة .
مشروعية قرارات خلية الازمة في العراق في ظل جائحة كورونا وموقف القانون الدولي منها . (( منظمة الصحة العالمية ))
Authors: محسن جبر م.م. إبراهيم
Published: December 2021

ملخص:

     إنّ فيروس كورونا المستجد (كوفيد-19) هو من الأمراض التي تنتقل عن طريق العدوى، وقد انتشر الفيروس وأصاب الكثير من الناس بسبب تهاون واستهانة كثير من المواطنين بالأخذ الاحتياطات الأزمة من النظافة وعدم الاختلاط والتباعد الاجتماعي والحجر المنزلي في ظل الأزمة غير آبهين بمخاطر الفيروس؛ لذا وضعت الدولة كلّ امكانياتها الاستراتيجية للتخفيف من ثأثير تفشي المرض عبر ما يُعرف بخليّة الأزمة التي تأخذ مشروعيّة قراراتها من القانون العراقي، وتسعى لتطابق تلك القرارات مقررات منظمة الصحة العالمية.
(( الشب واستخداماته في العراق القديم في ضوء النصوص المسمارية والشواهد الأثرية ))
Authors: عصام البلداوي شيماء
Published: December 2021

الخلاصة :

      احتل الشب مكانة مرموقة في العراق القديم باعتباره واحدا من اقدم المركبات المعروفة على الأرجح في حالة نقية ، اذ لعب دورا مهما في تاريخ الكيمياء القديمة ، وكان من المواد المهمة في عمليات الصباغة والدباغة والغسل والزجاج وصناعة الأدوية وربما تنقية الماء ايضا وغيرها من العمليات التكنولوجية في كيمياء بلاد بين النهرين القديمة ، وهي واحدة من المواد الكيميائية القليلة التي يمكن تحديدها اليوم بشكل مؤكد ، ان سبب اختياري لهذا الموضوع هو لأهمية هذه المادة في العراق القديم وقلة الدراسات التي تناولت هذا الموضوع وبقية المواضيع الخاصة بعلوم ومعارف بلاد الرافدين ، لقد تضمن المحور الاول تسمية حجر الشب بالمصادر المسمارية ( السومرية ، و الأكدية ) وتركيبه الكيميائي ، اما المحور الثاني فقد تناولت فيه مصادر الحجر حسب ما ذكرته النصوص المسمارية وانواعه المختلفة ، بينما اشتمل المحور الثالث المسمى استخدامات الحجر في الصناعات المختلفة على عدة محاور تناول الاول استخدام حجر الشب في عمليات صناعة النسيج بينما تضمن الثاني عملية  الصباغة ( فقد استخدم كمثبت للألوان وكقاصر ايضا فضلا عن استخدامه في التلوين ايضا  ) ، بينما اشتمل الثالث على عملية الدباغة ( اذ كان يضفي نعومة ورونقا على الجلد فضلا عن كونه يلعب دورا كبيرا للحيلولة دون تعفن الجلد) ، اما المحور الرابع فقد خصصته لاستخدامات حجر الشب الطبية كونها كثيرة ومتعددة حيث استخدم ( لغسيل الفم والمحافظة على الأسنان وايقاف النزيف ، وايقاف القشرة وكعلاجا للأذن ، ولليرقان وغيرها الكثير من الأستخدامات الأخرى في حين تضمن المحور الخامس استخدامه في عملية صناعة الزجاج وبعض الصناعات الاخرى واخيرا الملحقات التي تضمنت صور لحجر الشب .
التّصوير الإستعاري في شعر بشار بن برد (الاستعارة التصريحية والمكنية إنموذجاً)
Authors: كاظم امنسف عباس
Published: December 2021

يهدف هذا البحث الى التّعرف على التّصوير الإستعاري في شعر بشار بن برد، وبوصف الاستعارة فنّاً بيانياً لهُ تأثيرهُ في التصوير، وتكاد الاستعارة تشكل أحد الأعمدة المهمة في أسلوب البيان ؛ لما تضيفه على التصوير من دلالة عميقة وتأثير في المعنى وأهمية في استجلاء القيمة الفنية.

    ويعد الشاعر بشار بن برد من الشعراء الذين كان لهم دور مهم في الساحة الأدبية، ولاسيما في العصر العباسي، لما امتاز به من شعر حَملَ أغراضاً متعددة جعلت منهُ شاعراً مهماً لا يستطيع الباحثون والنقاد تجاهل شعره، ولذلك حاولنا في هذا البحث التعرف على تصويره الاستعاري.
Legal Nature of Terrorist Crimes in Russian Legal System
Authors: Georgievich Babichev Arseniy , Robertovna Khakimova Elmira
Published: December 2021

The article examines the legal nature of terrorism from the Russian legal system point of view. The relevance of the research stems from the large scale, sophistication, and cruelty with which terrorist crimes have been committed over the recent decades. Terrorism has nowadays become a global threat, and any government, including government of the Russian Federation, must take it into consideration when formulating its domestic and foreign policy. In countering terrorist crimes, current regulations of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation take rather important part. Punishment differentiation, depending on corpus delicti and consequences, as well as correct qualification of terrorist crimes, are the most important conditions of those regulation’s efficient application. This problem is in fact interdisciplinary one, which is proved by researchers from other scientific fields: not only law scientists, but also psychologists, historians, political scientists. All the listed illustrates relevance, timeliness, and expediency of researching the problems mentioned. The purpose of the study is formulating recommendations for solving the above-mentioned issues of improving the existing criminal (and other) measures and developing new viable and practically applicable criminal measures for countering terrorist crimes.
Makalah Pengelolaan Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Bisnis. Dosen pengampu: Dr.Siti Fatimah SE,M.M
Authors: MUKARRAMA RIFQATUL
Published: December 2021

Makalah Pengelolaan Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Bisnis
Analisis Aspek Pasar dan Pemasaran dalam Kewirausahaan
Authors: Arief A. Anggie Zabrina
Published: December 2021

In carrying out business activities, every company, whether engaged in services or goods, has the same goal, namely to make a profit. To achieve this goal, the company must implement one of them is to analyze the market and marketing aspects. This is important because the way of marketing is one of the main considerations of consumers in choosing a product. Market and marketing aspects are analyzing market potential, intensity of competition, market share that can be achieved, and analyzing marketing strategies that can be used to achieve the expected market share. Aspects of market and marketing determine the life and death of a company. If the market aspect is not researched properly, what are the prospects for the future, it is not impossible that the company's goals will never be achieved.
Muhammadi Ariqo Adiyatomo // 2201790065
Authors: Adiyatomo Muhammadi Ariqo
Published: December 2021

CRM mengukur kualitas layanan dengan pembentukan divisi seperti pengalaman pelanggan, keluhan pelanggan, hubungan pelanggan, dan kemajuan dari masing-masing divisi tersebut. Penting untuk memahami harapan pelanggan dan personalisasi layanan, kepuasan pelanggan, dan perilaku advokasi pelanggan. CRM merupakan pendekatan terintegrasi untuk mengidentifikasi, memperoleh, dan mempertahankan pelanggan (Ellatif, 2007). Sementara itu, kualitas layanan adalah ukuran penyampaian layanan terhadap harapan pelanggan. Berkaitan dengan hal ini, kualitas layanan dianggap sebagai mediator antara produsen dan pelanggannya.
Analisis Laporan Keuangan
Authors: Widiyanti
Published: December 2021

Analisis laporan keuangan adalah elemen penting yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dari perusahaan. Hal ini karena analisis laporan keuangan menjadi salah satu dasar untuk mengambil keputusan strategis pada bisnis.
TEORI KEPUASAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Husnah Ismatul , febianil  , Nurhayati  , Arkam Fadel
Published: December 2021

Perilaku konsumen dalam memaksimumkan kepuasannya menggunakan bantuan analisis grafis, dengan menggunakan kurva indiferensi. Kurva indiferensi ialah suatu kurva yang menjelaskan tingkat kepuasan konsumen atas mengkonsumsi dua jenis produk barang, dimana semakin puas seseorang maka semakin tinggi pula kurva indiferensinya. Namun kepuasan seseorang memiliki batasan, yaitu dalam ekonomi konvensional batasannya adalah pendapatan yang dimilikinya, dalam ilmu ekonomi batasan pendapatan ini dikenal sebagai garis anggaran (budget constraint).
E-CRM: E- SERVICE QUALITY AND CORPORATE IMAGE ON CUSTOMER PERCEPTION
Authors: maulana ahmad
Published: December 2021

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) merupakan salah satu sarana untuk membangun hubungan yang berkelanjutan antara perusahaan dengan para pemangku kepentingan dan pemegang saham. Banyak bisnis saat ini menggunakan sistem manajemen hubungan pelanggan (CRM) untuk membangun hubungan dengan pelanggan. Dalam hal ini CRM juga telah membantu bisnis mengetahui apa saja yang diharapkan dan dibutuhkan pelanggan mereka. Hal ini telah menciptakan ikatan emosional yang dapat menciptakan hubungan bisnis yang erat dan terbuka serta komunikasi dua arah di antara mereka. Dengan cara ini, loyalitas pelanggan dapat dipertahankan dan tidak mudah atau memperlukan pertimbangan bagi pelanggan untuk beralih ke produk dan merek lain. Dalam hal ini artikel ini juga mengembangkan model penelitian untuk memvalidasi kualitas layanan elektronik serta Citra perusahaan untuk persepsi pelanggan.
Makalah Strategi Pemasaran
Authors: Asniar
Published: December 2021

Pada zaman modern seperti saat ini, perkembangan di berbagai bidang usaha sangat cepat terjadi. Bukan hanya di bidang teknologi informasi yang akhir-akhir ini mengalami perkembangan sangat pesat tapi juga bidang-bidang lainnya yang bertujuan untuk pemuasan dan pemenuhan kebutuhan dan gaya hidup konsumen. Persaingan dalam dunia bisnis dewasa ini sangatlah ketat seiring dengan semakin meningkat dan berkembangnya dunia bisnis modern. Dengan bertambahnya jumlah pelaku bisnis yang bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen baik berupa barang atau jasa, para pelaku bisnis memiliki tantangan untuk mendapatkan pangsa pasar yang ada. Adapun yang menjadi masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh bauran pemasaran dan strategi pemasaran dalam meningkatkan penjualan
Mekanisme Pasar Islami
Authors: Muhajir  , DEWI ASMILA , Nurbaiti
Published: December 2021

Islam adalah agama yang selain bersifat syumuliyah (sempurna) juga harakiyah (dinamis), disebut sempurna karena Islam merupakan agama penyempurna dari agama-agama sebelumnya dan syari’atnya mengatur seluruh aspek kehidupan, baik yang bersifat aqidah maupun muamalah. Dalam kaidah muamalah, Islam mengatur segala bentuk perilaku manusia dalam berhubungan dengan sesamanya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya di dunia, termasuk di dalam kaidah Islam yang mengatur tentang pasar dan mekanismenya. Secara umum saat ini banyak terjadi kelangkaan dan mahalnya harga pangan dunia yang terasa berdampak bagi masyarakat luas terutama bagi masyarakat miskin. Akibatnya inflasi akan menggerus ekonomi dan telah menjadi keluhan banyak negara saat ini. Dalam konteks ekonomi dalam negeri juga tidak akan sunyi dari imbasnya, misalnya terjadi kenaikan harga bahan pokok dan pasar menjadi tidak menentu. Peranan pemerintah sangat penting untuk lebih menjamin berjalannya mekanisme pasar secara sempurna. Peran pemerintah dalam pasar ini secara garis besar dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi dua bagian, yaitu peran yang berkaitan dengan implementasi nilai dan moral Islam dan Peran yang berkaitan dengan teknis operasional mekanisme pasar.
Kelompok 5 : Teori Konsumsi
Authors: Arief A. Anggie Zabrina , Farida Puspa , Muh.Hizbullah  , Dahlia
Published: December 2021

In human life, materialism dominates. Human wants are unlimited, so there are various efforts to satisfy human desires. In fact, humans have weaknesses and shortcomings, so not all desires must be fulfilled. Islam as rahmatan lil alamin guarantees that resources can be distributed fairly. One of the efforts to ensure fair distribution of resources is to regulate how consumption patterns are in accordance with Islamic sharia which has been determined by the Al-Quran and As-Sunnah. Human desire to fulfill their needs has given birth to the concept of consumption theory.
PENGARUH KEPERCAYAAN, PERSEPSI KEMUDAHAN PENGGUNAAN, DAN PERSEPSI KENYAMANAN TERHADAP INTENSI PEMBELIAN ULANG MELALUI E-COMMERCE (STUDI PADA KONSUMEN LAZADA INDONESIA)
Authors: Astria Nikita
Published: December 2021

Penggunaan internet untuk aktifitas transaksi bisnis dikenal dengan Electronic Commerce (e-commerce). Hingga saat ini banyak sekali e-commerce didunia, termasuk Indonesia yang bersaing untuk menjadi yang terbaik bagi konsumen. Lazada Indonesia, hanya mampu berada di posisi ke empat jika dibandingkan dengan e-commerce lain. Faktor terpenting yang dapat mendorong konsumen dalam bertransaksi ialah kepercayaan. Selain kepercayaan, penggunaan yang mudah dan dapat memberikan kenyamanan tentu diharapkan oleh konsumen agar dapat menimbulkan intensi pembelian ulang.Oleh karena itu, peneliti melakukan analisis mengenai perilaku konsumen saat berbelanja melalui e-commerce.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanggapan konsumen terkait kepercayaan, kemudahan penggunaan, persepsi kenyamanan, ulang serta bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap intensi pembelian ulang di Lazada Indonesia.Penelitian ini bersifat kausal komparatif, dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis statistik menggunakan LISREL. Kuisoner disebar secara online terhadap konsumen Lazada Indonesia dengan jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 400 sampel. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan, dan persepsi kenyamanan konsumen terhadap Lazada Indonesia memiliki kategori cukup baik, persepsi kemudahan penggunaan memiliki kategori baik, sementara intensi pembelian ulang konsumen memiliki kategori buruk. Selain itu, untuk analisis verifikatif ditemukan bahwa kepercayaan, kemudahan penggunaan, dan persepsi kenyamanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap intensi pembelian ulang baik secara simultan maupun parsial.
FAKTOR INDIVIDU DALAM ORGANISASI
Authors: ANNISA NUR
Published: December 2021

Perilaku individu dalam organisasi adalah bentuk interaksi antara karakteristik individu dengan karakteristik organisasi. Setiap individu dalam organisasi, semuanya akan berperilaku berbeda satu sama lain, dan perilakunya adalah ditentukan oleh masingmasing lingkungannya yang memang berbeda.
PASAR PERSAINGAN MONOPOLISTIK DAN OLIGOPOLI
Authors: Yaqin Ainul , Ilman Afnan Nur , Rezky Sri
Published: December 2021

Pasar monopolistik dan oligopoli merupakan pasar yg termasuk kedalam pasar persaingan tidak sempurna.karena ada beebrapa karakter yg mendekati ekstrim kanan dana ekstrim kiri
Dokumen Analisis Webinar Pra-Muktamar PCINU Sedunia
Authors: Mustafid Ahmad , Putra Miftahussurur Hamidi , Tontowi Mochammad Miftah El Azmi Mauladi , Billah Muhammad Rodlin
Published: December 2021

Nahdlatul Ulama merupakan organisasi islam terbesar di dunia. Menyambut abad ke-2 Organisasi Nahdlatul Ulama merupakan momentum penting dalam perjalanan organisasi. Transformasi digital dalam tubuh Nahdlatul Ulama sangat perlu dilakukan untuk memutar roda organisasi kedepan. Langkah awal dalam transformasi digital adalah proses digitalisasi dan pemahaman yang baik atas data tersebut.
Adopsi E-Commerce
Authors: Kabir Muhammad Fadhlan
Published: December 2021

Pada saat ini pengguna internet di seluruh dunia semakin meningkat, begitu juga di Indonesia pengguna internet selalu meningkat tiap tahun nya, peningkatan ini berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan E – Commerce. E-Commerce disebut sebagai salah satu pendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Besarnya potensi e-commerce tidak lepas dari perkembangan pengguna internet di Indonesia. Tentunya dengan E – Commerce kita akan bisa menjangkau pasar yang lebih luas. Tujuan dari paper ini adalah untuk mengetahui tentang adopsi E – Commerce.
Gradual Route to Productivity: Evidence from Turkish Morphological Causatives
Authors: Ger Ebru , You Guanghao , Küntay Aylin C. , Göksun Tilbe , Stoll Sabine , Daum Moritz M.
Published: December 2021

Children’s spontaneous speech may not reflect true productivity with grammar rules. We investigated Turkish-learning children’s rule-based understanding of causative morphology by combining experimental and corpus work. We asked (1) when the generalization of causative morphology emerges and (2) what role input plays in this development. To answer the first question, Study 1 experimentally tested 106 children aged 2;6–6;1 on a language judgment task using pseudo-verbs. Children preferred the causative marker -DIr over an incongruent suffix for causativized events earliest at age 4;10. Further, Study 2 tested 38 children aged 3;6–4;6 and revealed no preference of -DIr over no suffix. Study 3 examined a corpus for child-directed input and showed that the variation of verb stems to which -DIr was attached remained lower than variation of verbs eligible to take -DIr, up to age 3. The findings suggest that rule-based understanding of morphological causatives emerges much later than previously proposed productivity at age 2, which might be accounted for by the insufficient variation of morphological causatives in the early input.