bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 según LA FINDRISC y enfermedad arterial periférica
Authors: Golfetto Sandra , Núñez Oscar , Peña María , Uzcategui Katherine , Vaamonde Ymara , Golfetto Iván , Miskiewicz Anamaria
Published: August 2020

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) representa un problema de salud pública, debido a su alta incidencia y prevalencia en el mundo. Un método para evaluar el riesgo de desarrollar DM2 es la escala Latin American Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (LA FINDRISC). La DM2 es un factor de riesgo de enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) la cual puede ser diagnosticada mediante el índice tobillo-brazo (ITB). Objetivo: evaluar la presencia y severidad de enfermedad arterial periférica mediante ITB y relacionarlo con el riesgo de desarrollar DM2 según LA FINDRISC. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, correlacional, de corte transversal. Se evaluaron 134 personas y se les midió glicemia capilar para descartar diabetes. Posteriormente, se realizó el LA FINDRISC y el ITB. Resultados: El puntaje LA FINDRISC y la glicemia alteradas en ayunas aumentaron proporcionalmente (R2=0,5). Esta relación no se observó entre LA FINDRISC y el ITB arrojado por la población general. Sin embargo, al seleccionar los pacientes con vasos no comprimibles aparece una correlación positiva (R2=0,36) entre los dos instrumentos diagnósticos. Conclusión: LA FINDRISC y el ITB son instrumentos de diagnósticos no invasivo, sencillos y válidos para detectar riesgo de desarrollar DM2, y detectar presencia y severidad de enfermedad arterial periférica, respectivamente.
A Case Report on Hyponatremia: Leading Sign of Hypopituitarism [Secondary to Adrenal Insufficiency]
Authors: . Dr. Poornima , Elizabeth Dr. Arul Amutha
Published: August 2020

Severe hyponatremia due to hypopituitarism and adrenal insufficiency can be life threatening and treatment with glucocorticoids is very effective once the diagnosis of the underlying disorder has been made. In our experience, the diagnosis of hypopituitarism in hyponatremic patients is often overlooked. We report the case of a 54 year old female admitted to our hospital in an obtunded state with altered sensorium. We found that a severe hyponatremia was the cause of patient condition . Previously she was diagnosed with recurrent episodes of hyponatremia leading to encephalopathy. The diagnosis of hypopituitarism is often overlooked in hyponatremic patients. Hyponatremia should always be ruled out for endocrinological cause Our study concludes that hyponatremia is due to hypopituitarism that is secondary to adrenal insufficiency leading to encephalopathy.
COVID-19 Data Analysis – Predicting Patient Recovery
Authors: Salkic Arnela , Durmic Nermina
Published: August 2020

Aim of this paper is to give insight in Covid 19 data and to try to predict whether individual person will recover from this virus. Furthermore, this paper aims to give some answers how information like the country, the age, and the gender of the patient, the number of cases in their country and whether they’re from or have visited Wuhan can be used to make that prediction. Study uses Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) epidemiological dataset. Logistic regression model and Random Forest algorithm are used in order to make prediction, and the Chi-Square test of independence is used to determine if there is a significant relationship between two nominal (categorical) variables. Paper reveals that recovery/survival is supposed to depend on the age of the patient, gender and country from which patient come. Information whether the patient is from Wuhan or has visited Wuhan does not affect recovery/survival of patient.
Stabilization of CL and CI Soil Using Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Quarry Dust
Authors: A Abdul Hudoos , K Dr.Premalatha.
Published: August 2020

This paper presents the study of potential of bagasse ash with quarry dust to stabilize the clay soil. The evaluation involves the determination of the geotechnical properties of clay (CL&CI) soil in its natural state and also when mixed with various proportions of bagasse ash with quarry dust. The parameters tested include the specific gravity, particle size distribution, Atterberg’s limits, compaction characteristics, California bearing ratio (CBR) and the unconfined compressive strength (UCS). The strength test was repeated after curing period 0 day, 7days, 14days, and 28days of the treated samples. Results reveal that by addition of bagasse ash the geotechnical parameters of clay are improved as free swell index reduced by 89% for CL type soil and 60% for CI type soil. UCS increased by 56% and 11% for CL and CI type soil respectively. On addition of bagasse ash with quarry dust, soaked CBR increased 87%. Result also shows that curing improves strength of bagasse ash treated clay. These results imply that bagasse ash can be effectively used as an admixture to stabilize the clay soil as an alternative for soil sub grade in pavement of highway.
Reasons for smoking among English-speaking adults in Leicester - a pilot study
Authors: Joshi K Shama R , Furmonaviciene Ruta
Published: August 2020

Cigarette smoke contains around 7000 chemicals that are harmful to health and cause premature death. Most smokers acknowledge the harm they are doing to them yet continue to smoke. This pilot study was designed to understand the impact of cigarette smoking, the addictive effect of nicotine, and also hypothesize a recommendation for smoking cessation. 

Methods: This study recruited English speaking adult participants who were either current, occasional, and ex-smokers from NHS stop smoking clinics in Leicester, United Kingdom, using a self-completed questionnaire.

Results: Out of 32 participants, White British were thirteen & Asian were nine with majority of males. Stress, boredom, nervousness, and just like it, were the main reasons quoted for cigarette smoking.  Irritation & mood swings were the top reasons for craving. The visual stimuli and smell of smoking were reported as the top two strong cues. Majority of the participants reported having several effects due to cigarette smoking such as respiratory cough, feel like tightening of lungs, asthma, high blood pressure, difficulty in losing weight, excess fat accumulation near the waist, poor appetite, fatigue, sleep disturbances, darkened teeth as well as an inability to differentiate between taste.

Conclusion: Our study suggested that cigarette smoking may be more like a habit than an addiction, therefore unable to relieve stress or boredom, but keep smokers hooked to the habit.
Fast Magnetosonic Waves and Flows in a Solar Prominence Foot: Observations and Modeling
Authors: Ofman Leon , Kucera Therese A.
Published: August 2020

We study recent observations of propagating fluctuations in a prominence foot with Hinode Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) high-resolution observations in Ca ii and Hα emission, which we identify as nonlinear fast magnetosonic waves. Here we analyze further the observations of propagating waves and flows with Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph Mg ii slit jaw images, in addition to Hinode/SOT Ca ii images. We find that the waves have typical periods in the range of 5–11 minutes and wavelengths in the plane of the sky (POS) of about 2000 km, while the flows in narrow threads have a typical speed in the POS of ∼16–46 km s−1. We also detect apparent kink oscillations in the threads with flowing material, and apply coronal seismology to estimate the magnetic field strength in the range of 5–17 G. Using 2.5D MHD we model the combined effects of nonlinear waves and flows on the observed dynamics of the prominence material, and reproduce the propagating and refracting fast magnetosonic waves, as well as standing kink-mode waves in flowing material along the magnetic field. The modeling results are in good qualitative agreement with the observations of the various waves and flows in the prominence foot, further confirming coronal seismology analysis and improving the understanding of the fine-scale dynamics of the prominence material.
Unified Simulations of Planetary Formation and Atmospheric Evolution. II. Rapid Disk Clearing by Photoevaporation Yields Low-mass Super-Earth Atmospheres
Authors: Ogihara Masahiro , Kunitomo Masanobu , Hori Yasunori
Published: August 2020

Super-Earths possess low-mass H2/He atmospheres (typically less than 10% by mass). However, the origins of super-Earth atmospheres have not yet been ascertained. We investigate the role of rapid disk clearing by photoevaporation during the formation of super-Earths and their atmospheres. We perform unified simulations of super-Earth formation and atmospheric evolution in evolving disks that consider both photoevaporative winds and magnetically driven disk winds. For the growth mode of planetary cores, we consider two cases in which planetary embryos grow with and without pebble accretion. Our main findings are summarized as follows. (i) The time span of atmospheric accretion is shortened by rapid disk dissipation due to photoevaporation, which prevents super-Earth cores from accreting massive atmospheres. (ii) Even if planetary cores grow rapidly by embryo accretion in the case without pebble accretion, the onset of runaway gas accretion is delayed because the isolation mass for embryo accretion is small. Together with rapid disk clearing, the accretion of massive atmospheres can be avoided. (iii) After rapid disk clearing, a number of high-eccentricity embryos can remain in outer orbits. Thereafter, such embryos may collide with the super-Earths, leading to efficient impact erosion of accreted atmospheres. Therefore, we find that super-Earths with low-mass H2/He atmospheres are naturally produced by N-body simulations that consider realistic disk evolution.
A Numerical Study of the Effects of Corotating Interaction Regions on Cosmic-Ray Transport
Authors: Luo Xi , Zhang Ming , Feng Xueshang , Potgieter Marius S , Shen Fang , Bazilevskaya Galina
Published: August 2020

The intensity of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) is modulated by solar activity on various timescales. In this study, we performed comprehensive numerical modeling of the solar rotational recurrent variation in GCRs caused by a corotation interaction region (CIR). A recently developed magnetohydrodynamic numerical model is adapted to simulate the background solar wind plasma with a CIR structure present in the inner heliosphere. As for the outer heliospheric plasma background, from 27 to 80 au, the Parker interplanetary magnetic field model is utilized. The output of these plasma and magnetic field models is incorporated into a comprehensive Parker-type transport model for GCRs. The local interstellar spectrum for galactic protons is transported to 80 au, specifying the outer boundary condition. The obtained solutions of this hybrid model, for studying the CIR effect, are as follows: (1) the onset of the decrease in the GCR intensity inside the CIR coincides with the increase of the solar wind speed with the intensity depression accompanied by a magnetic field and plasma density enhancement. Additionally, the CIR effect weakens with increasing heliocentric radial distance. (2) This decrease in GCR intensity also appears at different heliolatitudes and varies with changing latitude; the amplitude of the GCR depression exhibits a maximum in the low-latitude region. (3) The CIR affects GCR transport at different energy levels as well. Careful analysis has revealed a specific energy dependence of the amplitude of the recurrent GCR variation in the range of 30–2000 MeV.
Contribution to the knowledge of the clown beetle fauna of Lebanon, with a key to all species (Coleoptera, Histeridae)
Authors: Shayya Salman , Lackner Tomáš
Published: August 2020

The occurrence of histerids in Lebanon has received little specific attention. Hence, an aim to enrich the knowledge of this coleopteran family through a survey across different Lebanese regions in this work. Seventeen species belonging to the generaAtholusThomson, 1859,HemisaprinusKryzhanovskij, 1976,HisterLinnaeus, 1758,HypocacculusBickhardt, 1914,MargarinotusMarseul, 1853,SaprinusErichson, 1834,TribalusErichson, 1834, andXenonychusWollaston, 1864 were recorded. Specimens were sampled mainly with pitfall traps baited with ephemeral materials like pig dung, decayed fish, and pig carcasses. Several species were collected by sifting soil detritus, sand cascading, and other specialized techniques. Six newly recorded species for the Lebanese fauna are the necrophilousHister sepulchralisErichson, 1834,Hemisaprinus subvirescens(Ménétriés, 1832), Saprinus (Saprinus) externus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1823), Saprinus (Saprinus) figuratus Marseul, 1855, and Saprinus (Saprinus) niger (Motschulsky, 1849) all associated with rotting fish and dung, and the psammophilousXenonychus tridens(Jacquelin du Val, 1853). With the exception ofHister sepulchralis, all these taxa belong to the Saprininae subfamily. A most likely undescribed species of Tribalus (Tribalus) (Tribalinae) has also been collected in detritus at wet places near rivers in Lebanon. Because of the complexity of the genusTribalus, with possible numerous new species present in the circum-Mediterranean area, the Lebanese species is not described herein, pending a revision of the genus. This study advocates further research aimed at improving taxonomic and ecological knowledge of this coleopteran family in Lebanon. The number of Histeridae species currently known from Lebanon stands at 41; a key to all species including images is included.
Two new species of Hymenaphorura Bagnall, 1948 (Collembola, Onychiuridae) from Romania and an updated key to the genus
Authors: Weiner Wanda Maria , Fiera Cristina
Published: August 2020

Two new species of the genusHymenaphorurafrom Romania,H. urbanasp. nov. andH. kalinderasp. nov., are described and illustrated.Hymenaphorura urbanahas a postantennal organ (PAO) with 13–15 simple vesicles, abdominal terga I–III with subequal setae p2and p3, abdominal tergum V granular area with 3+3 distinct, long macrosetae, andH. kalinderasp. nov. has PAO with 9–12 simple vesicles, one border seta, abdominal terga I–III with setae p2slightly longer than setae p3, abdominal tergum V granular area with 4+4 distinct macrosetae. Remarks onH. subsimilisBagnall, 1948 are given. An updated key for the world distributed species ofHymenaphorurais presented.
Sélection à l’université : orchestration et arrangements du Boléro de Dauphine
Authors: Barraud de Lagerie Pauline , Tenret Élise
Published: August 2020

À partir d’entretiens qualitatifs et de données statistiques, cet article met au jour les principes de justice mobilisés par les concepteurs et les utilisateurs de l’algorithme Boléro, mis en place à l’université Paris-Dauphine au début des années 1990. Deux principes de justice semblent ainsi orienter les décisions autour de l’algorithme, répondant à des considérations tant organisationnelles qu’historiques : une logique d’efficacité adossée à un principe méritocratique, d’une part, qui se fonde sur l’appréciation du niveau individuel des étudiants et leur capacité supposée à réussir à Dauphine ; un principe d’« équilibre juste », d’autre part, outillé par la mise en place de quotas souples visant à obtenir une variété de profils autour de certains paramètres. Les impensés de la sélection sont alors abordés, avec une attention particulière portée aux taux d’admission différenciés selon le profil des candidats et aux effets d’éviction et de concentration de lycées parmi les pourvoyeurs d’étudiants dauphinois.
Adhésion enchantée et aléas universitaires : les effets ambivalents de la sélection à l’Université
Authors: Bodin Romuald , Mengneau Juliette , Orange Sophie
Published: August 2020

L’analyse conjointe des représentations et des pratiques des étudiants à l’entrée en première année de deux filières universitaires aux modes de recrutement différents (droit et économie-gestion) montre que l’opération de sélection ne constitue pas de manière mécanique un rite d’institution. La croyance des étudiants en leur juste place à l’Université semble en effet tenir autant, sinon davantage, à l’organisation pédagogique des enseignements, aux modalités de la relation enseignants-étudiants et à la trajectoire scolaire comme sociale dans laquelle s’inscrit l’accès au premier cycle universitaire. L’instauration d’une barrière ne décrète pas le sentiment de consécration et n’induit pas, par le simple fait qu’elle permet aux étudiants d’« y être » (à l’Université), qu’ils ont la sensation d’« en être ». En outre, le temps long de l’Université et la rareté des jugements explicites peuvent contribuer au développement d’un sentiment d’injustice.
La méritocratie « à la chinoise » : le Gaokao , concours d’entrée dans l’enseignement supérieur
Authors: Li Siyu
Published: August 2020

En 2019, plus de dix millions de lycéens ont participé au Gaokao, le « Concours national et unifié d’entrée dans l’enseignement supérieur » en Chine. À l’issue de ce concours, en fonction de leur classement, les jeunes Chinois sont répartis dans des universités de prestige très différent. On dit de ce concours qu’il « décide de la vie de chacun ». Comment les paramètres du concours fondent-ils la justice sociale qu’il est censé assurer ? À partir d’enquêtes ethnographiques et d’entretiens au sein de deux lycées à Pékin, cet article défend la thèse selon laquelle le Gaokao incarne une idéologie méritocratique qui veut que chacun formule des attentes en proportion des efforts qu’il est prêt à fournir. Les inégalités du système scolaire, qu’elles relèvent des conditions matérielles ou symboliques offertes par chaque établissement secondaire, selon son statut, exercent un impact direct sur la motivation et la capacité de travail des élèves, et in fine sur leurs performances au concours. Elles délimitent les contours imaginaires du futur possible pour les élèves et reproduisent les inégalités sociales.
Lire ou relire La justice des mineurs d’Aaron Cicourel cinquante après sa parution : quatre angles de lecture
Authors: Bordreuil Samuel
Published: August 2020

Cinquante ans après sa parution et récemment traduit en français, The Social Organization of Juvenile Justice mérite d’être lu pour sa valeur documentaire et de jalon, autant dans l’histoire de la sociologie que dans le parcours de l’auteur, qui bifurquera ensuite. Si, dans cet ouvrage, Aaron Cicourel faisait le pari (sous bannière ethnométhodologique) d’une saisie d’ensemble du social à travers un prisme micro-analytique, par la suite il destinera plutôt les approches micro à mieux saisir les modes d’emprise du niveau macro sur le niveau micro. Desserrant l’étau « micro-macro », cet article argumente en faveur de la pertinence de la prise en compte des consistances de l’ordre de l’interaction, tout en déchargeant celui-ci de toute vocation structurante expansive. Situer cet ordre comme « condition aux limites » (de la vie sociale) résout cette tension et donne plus de profondeur à la dimension sui generis des agencements sociaux.
La formulation du jugement de déviance. De la théorie de la désignation à la sociologie cognitive
Authors: Ogien Albert
Published: August 2020

L’originalité du livre d’Aaron Cicourel The Social Organization of Juvenile Justice (1968) tient à ce qu’il rapporte les formes d’identification et de typification a priori qui organisent les interactions entre personnes concernées par le traitement de l’infraction d’un mineur (policiers, juges, travailleurs sociaux, éducateurs spécialisés, jeunes délinquants, avocats, parents, etc.) aux « théories ordinaires » d’après lesquelles ces multiples partenaires produisent un « jugement de déviance ». Il montre comment l’analyse des « opérations épistémiques » mises en œuvre dans cette production ouvre une nouvelle perspective à l’interactionnisme.
Violence, insécurité et fragilisation du lien civil à Caracas. Sur l’utilité sociologique des précautions cicouréliennes
Authors: José García Sánchez Pedro
Published: August 2020

Le dialogue instauré avec Aaron Cicourel lors de la préparation de la recherche sur laquelle s’appuie cet article a marqué le rapport de son auteur à l’ethnographie urbaine et au suivi des interactions. L’étude des violences liées à l’usage des espaces publics à Caracas et à la fragilité du lien civil a servi à esquisser une écologie de l’ordre public. Attentive à la perception des troubles et aux interdépendances environnementales, cette écologie s’intéresse également aux grammaires de l’action et aux arrière-plans cognitifs participant à la résolution quotidienne des problèmes. Garder un œil rivé sur l’emboîtement problématique micro-macro dans des contextes imbibés d’implicites est une précaution utile lorsque l’on enquête sur des activités réputées dangereuses. Suivre la trame sensible et les hyperboles interprétatives fait apparaître la versatilité sémantique du prisme de l’insécurité. Comment peuvent être décelés sociologiquement différents troubles pour les mêmes violences quand le cadre de pertinence n’assurera pas d’expertise juridique, ni de suivi judiciaire ? La juste mesure du social à Caracas, dans ses épreuves civiles et urbaines, est ainsi mise en perspective.
Points de vue ethnographiques comparés sur la structure sociale : le défi d’articuler les niveaux d’analyse micro et macro
Authors: Cicourel Aaron Victor , Gonzalez Philippe
Published: August 2020

Le concept de « microstructure sociale » est ici appréhendé comme un niveau d’énonciation nécessitant une référence explicite à des processus de connaissance et des systèmes de mémoire spécifiques. Ces processus et ces systèmes sont initiés et entretenus par des contacts conscients et inconscients avec soi-même et avec autrui : ils comprennent l’observation verbale et non verbale des contextes de la vie quotidienne. Ainsi, la vie en collectivité est rendue possible par un raisonnement au niveau micro, qui revêt des dimensions affectives, cognitives, analogiques et relationnelles ; cette vie est également permise par divers types d’événements communicationnels et par un savoir normatif et tacite considéré comme allant de soi. La « macrostructure sociale » désigne des formes complexes et étendues d’activités organisationnelles : des actions socioculturelles, politico-économiques, sociohistoriques, ainsi que des comportements et des actes communicationnels agrégés sur le plan micro. Ces activités sont essentielles pour générer des données démographiques, des sondages et des archives historiques, bien que ce matériau ignore les phénomènes se déroulant de façon tacite au niveau micro : la mémoire procédurale inconsciente et épisodique consciente se déployant en temps réel et en conditions réelles, le recours au langage familier, les événements gestuels, les procédures visant à documenter des pratiques, les formes ordinaires de la vie quotidienne d’une collectivité. Cette contribution examine des aspects négociés de la médecine clinique comportementale ambulatoire telle qu’elle émerge dans des contextes ethnographiques localisés, ces éléments étant observés et documentés instant après instant. Cette contribution vise notamment à clarifier le concept micro de « surcharge cognitive », cette surcharge étant entendue comme un obstacle cognitif/comportemental inhérent à tous les environnements communicationnels et écologiques socialement organisés. Les données issues de l’observation participante tirent parti des comparaisons temporelles et situationnelles de la méthode mise en œuvre pour étudier et expliquer la microstructure sociale. Celle-ci se révèle essentielle pour comprendre la macrostructure dans ses dimensions normative, socialement organisée et institutionnalisée – ce qui comprend les activités complexes appelées « cliniques médicales » et « milieux hospitaliers », ces instances étant intégrées dans des mésostructures abstraites, tels que les systèmes macro-économiques.
Devenir cartésien ? La méthode de l’ontologie de Gerhard de Neufville à Johann Clauberg
Authors: Collacciani Domenico
Published: August 2020

Nous retraçons les étapes de la formation de Johann Clauberg depuis son premier traité d’ontologie ( Ontosophia 1647) jusqu’aux grands ouvrages cartésiens de la maturité ( Logica 1654-1658, Dubitatio 1655). La Physiologia (1645) de Gerhard de Neuville, maître de Clauberg au lycée de Brême, s’avère une source fondamentale pour saisir la continuité du projet philosophique de l’auteur dans les deux phases de son activité. Nous montrons que l’ontologie de Clauberg est une tentative d’étendre à la métaphysique la méthode de l’induction démonstrative et de la démonstration par le regressus de Jacopo Zabarella dont Neufville avait fait usage en physique. Dans ce contexte, la philosophie de Descartes n’est admise que dans la mesure où ses arguments s’harmonisent avec une réforme de la philosophie dont les principes sont dus plutôt à la nouvelle méthode aristotélicienne et à Francis Bacon. En conclusion, nous soutenons que loin d’accomplir la synthèse entre cartésianisme et ontologie, la troisième édition de l’ Ontosophia (1664) marque plutôt l’assomption de l’échec de toute tentative de fonder l’ontologie systématique sur une méthode empruntée à la physique.
L’ontologie à Genève : de David Derodon à Jean-Robert Chouet
Authors: Ragni Alice
Published: August 2020

L’histoire de la métaphysique à Genève pendant l’époque moderne est liée à la figure de David Derodon (c. 1600-1664), philosophe et théologien calviniste français. Il soutient que la métaphysique est la science de l’étant commun aux corps et aux esprits et que, pour cette raison, elle doit être distinguée de la pneumatique et de la somatique. Il s’agit, en d’autres termes, d’une métaphysique fortement «  ontologisée » qui traite des choses neutres. Le but de cet article est de montrer la diffusion de cette définition de la France à la Suisse jusqu’à son emploi par le cartésien Jean-Robert Chouet (1642-1731), professeur à la célèbre Académie de Genève fondée par Calvin en 1559. Chouet va encore plus loin en donnant une dénomination nouvelle à cette version de la métaphysique, qui est celle d’ontologie (ou ontosophia ), et en y introduisant le cogito cartésien.
L’ontologie comme anthropologie transcendantale : Kant et le problème de la métaphysique aux alentours de 1775
Authors: Valerio Tommasi Francesco
Published: August 2020

Dès sa jeunesse, Kant s’occupe d’ontologie. «  Amoureux » de la métaphysique, il est toutefois insatisfait des résultats atteints par cette dernière et il lui cherche un fondement certain, jusqu’au développement de la philosophie transcendantale. Mais les confrontations variées et répétées de Kant avec la métaphysique et l’ontologie se mêlent souvent à la question de l’anthropologie. L’anthropologie est une discipline théorique et pratique ; elle est empirique, mais semble, dans certaines descriptions, être une partie de la métaphysique spéciale ; elle est une branche spécifique de la philosophie, mais la réponse à la question «  qu’est-ce que l’homme ? » constitue sa synthèse et son sommet. Dans un hapax logomenon remontant au début des années 1770, Kant parle aussi d’«  anthropologie transcendantale ». Dans ce passage et à cette période – dans la lignée des réflexions consacrées à la psychologie empirique – Kant semble s’adresser à une discipline qui serait une prémisse nécessaire à la métaphysique générale et à ce titre, remplacerait l’ontologie.
Global weak solutions for an newtonian fluid interacting with a Koiter type shell under natural boundary conditions
Authors: Eberlein Hannes , Růžička Michael
Published: August 2020

We consider a viscous, incompressible Newtonian fluid flowing through a thin elastic (non-cylindrical) structure. The motion of the structure is described by the equations of a linearised Koiter shell, whose motion is restricted to transverse displacements. The fluid and the structure are coupled by the continuity of velocities and an equilibrium of surface forces on the interface between fluid and structure. On a fixed in- and outflow region we prescribe natural boundary conditions. We show that weak solutions exist as long as the shell does not self-intersect.
A blow – up result for the semilinear Moore – Gibson – Thompson equation with nonlinearity of derivative type in the conservative case
Authors: Chen Wenhui , Palmieri Alessandro
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we study the blow – up of solutions to the semilinear Moore – Gibson – Thompson (MGT) equation with nonlinearity of derivative type \begin{document}$ |u_t|^p $\end{document} in the conservative case. We apply an iteration method in order to study both the subcritical case and the critical case. Hence, we obtain a blow – up result for the semilinear MGT equation (under suitable assumptions for initial data) when the exponent \begin{document}$ p $\end{document} for the nonlinear term satisfies \begin{document}$ 1
 for \begin{document}$ n\geqslant2 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ p>1 $\end{document} for \begin{document}$ n = 1 $\end{document}. In particular, we find the same blow – up range for \begin{document}$ p $\end{document} as in the corresponding semilinear wave equation with nonlinearity of derivative type.
Solvability in abstract evolution equations with countable time delays in Banach spaces: Global Lipschitz perturbation
Authors: Yokota Tomomi , Yoshii Kentarou
Published: August 2020

This paper deals with the solvability in the semilinear abstract evolution equation with countable time delays,

   \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} \dfrac{du}{dt}(t)+Au(t) = F(u(t), (u(t-\tau_n))_{n\in\mathbb{N}}), & t>0, \\ u(t) = u_0(t), & t \in \bigcup\limits_{n \in \mathbb{N}}[-\tau_n,0], \end{cases} \end{equation*} $\end{document}

in a Banach space \begin{document}$ X $\end{document}, where \begin{document}$ -A $\end{document} is a generator of a \begin{document}$ C_0 $\end{document}-semigroup with exponential decay and \begin{document}$ F: X \times X^\mathbb{N} \to X $\end{document} is Lipschitz continuous. Nicaise and Pignotti (J. Evol. Equ.; 2018;18;947–971) established global existence and exponential decay in time for solutions of the above equation with finite time delays in Hilbert spaces under global or local Lipschitz conditions. The purpose of the present paper is to generalize the result to the case of countable time delays in Banach spaces under a global Lipschitz condition.
Deterministic control of stochastic reaction-diffusion equations
Authors: Stannat Wilhelm , Wessels Lukas
Published: August 2020

We consider the control of semilinear stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) via deterministic controls. In the case of multiplicative noise, existence of optimal controls and necessary conditions for optimality are derived. In the case of additive noise, we obtain a representation for the gradient of the cost functional via adjoint calculus. The restriction to deterministic controls and additive noise avoids the necessity of introducing a backward SPDE. Based on this novel representation, we present a probabilistic nonlinear conjugate gradient descent method to approximate the optimal control, and apply our results to the stochastic Schlögl model. We also present some analysis in the case where the optimal control for the stochastic system differs from the optimal control for the deterministic system.
Two penalized mixed–integer nonlinear programming approaches to tackle multicollinearity and outliers effects in linear regression models
Authors: Roozbeh Mahdi , Babaie–Kafaki Saman , Aminifard Zohre
Published: August 2020

In classical regression analysis, the ordinary least–squares estimation is the best strategy when the essential assumptions such as normality and independency to the error terms as well as ignorable multicollinearity in the covariates are met. However, if one of these assumptions is violated, then the results may be misleading. Especially, outliers violate the assumption of normally distributed residuals in the least–squares regression. In this situation, robust estimators are widely used because of their lack of sensitivity to outlying data points. Multicollinearity is another common problem in multiple regression models with inappropriate effects on the least–squares estimators. So, it is of great importance to use the estimation methods provided to tackle the mentioned problems. As known, robust regressions are among the popular methods for analyzing the data that are contaminated with outliers. In this guideline, here we suggest two mixed–integer nonlinear optimization models which their solutions can be considered as appropriate estimators when the outliers and multicollinearity simultaneously appear in the data set. Capable to be effectively solved by metaheuristic algorithms, the models are designed based on penalization schemes with the ability of down–weighting or ignoring unusual data and multicollinearity effects. We establish that our models are computationally advantageous in the perspective of the flop count. We also deal with a robust ridge methodology. Finally, three real data sets are analyzed to examine performance of the proposed methods.
Quantum-inspired satin bowerbird algorithm with Bloch spherical search for constrained structural optimization
Authors: Zhang Sen , Zhou Guo , Zhou Yongquan , Luo Qifang
Published: August 2020

To enhance the optimization ability of the satin bowerbird optimization (SBO) algorithm, in this paper, a novel quantum-inspired SBO with Bloch spherical search is proposed. In this algorithm, satin bowerbirds are encoded using qubits described on the Bloch sphere, each satin bowerbird occupies three locations in the search space and each location represents an optimization solution. Using the search method of general SBO to adjust the two parameters of the qubit, qubit rotation is performed on the Bloch sphere, which simultaneously updates the three locations occupied by a qubit and quickly approaches the global optimal solution. Finally, the experimental results of five examples of structural engineering design show that the proposed algorithm is superior to other state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms in terms of the performance measures.
Research on the parallel–batch scheduling with linearly lookahead model
Authors: Jiao Chengwen , Feng Qi
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we consider the new online scheduling model with linear lookahead intervals, which has the character that at any time \begin{document}$ t $\end{document}, one can foresee the jobs that will coming in the time interval \begin{document}$ (t, \lambda t+\beta ] $\end{document} with \begin{document}$ \lambda\geq1, \beta\geq 0 $\end{document}. We consider online scheduling of unit length jobs on \begin{document}$ m $\end{document} identical parallel-batch machines under this new lookahead model to minimize the maximum flowtime and the makespan, respectively. We give some lower bounds for these problems with the batch capacity \begin{document}$ b = \infty $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ b<\infty $\end{document}, respectively. And for the bounded model to minimize makespan, we give an online algorithm with competitive ratio \begin{document}$ 1+\alpha $\end{document} for \begin{document}$ 1\leq \lambda <4/3, 0\leq \beta\leq \frac{4-3\lambda}{6} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \frac{3}{2} $\end{document} for \begin{document}$ \lambda\geq1, 0\leq\beta<1 $\end{document}, where \begin{document}$ \alpha $\end{document} is the positive root of \begin{document}$ \lambda\alpha^2+(\lambda+\beta)\alpha+\beta-1 = 0 $\end{document}. The online algorithm is best possible when \begin{document}$ 1\leq \lambda <4/3, 0\leq \beta\leq \frac{4-3\lambda}{6} $\end{document}.
Corrosion of Biomaterials
Authors: Sotelo-Mazon Oscar , Henao John , Giraldo-Betancur Astrid Lorena , Poblano-Salas Carlos A. , Corona-Castuera Jorge
Published: August 2020

The goal of this chapter is to define concepts and methods currently used to study the corrosion behavior of biomaterials in physiological conditions. One of the interesting points of corrosion of biomaterials is that they must be designed to fulfill different physical and chemical requirements within the human body. For instance, ceramic biomaterials are designed, sometimes, to accomplish a bone growth task. Alternatively, bioceramics are also employed to provide high wear resistance to implant surfaces with the lowest corrosion activity in biological environment. Depending on the part of the human body where the biomaterial is implanted, the corrosion process and chemical interaction with body fluids can be accelerated, and consequently, the product of these reactions can have a negative effect in the health of the patients. For this reason, the chapter is also focused on explaining how to study the interaction between biomaterial surface and body fluids as well as the existing methods to prevent corrosion phenomena that could lead to affect human health.
K-Means and DNN-Based Novel Approach to Human Identification in Low Resolution Thermal Imagery
Authors: Dua Mohit , Mudgal Abhinav , Bhakar Mukesh , Dhiman Priyal , Choudhary Bhagoti
Published: August 2020

In this chapter, a human detection system based on unsupervised learning method K-means clustering followed by deep learning approach You Only Look Once (YOLO) on thermal imagery has been proposed. Generally, images in the visible spectrum are used to conduct such human detection, which are not suitable for nighttime due to low visibility, hence for evaluation of our system. Hence, long wave infrared (LWIR) images have been used to implement the proposed work in this chapter. The system follows a two-step approach of generating anchor boxes using K-means clustering and then using those anchor boxes in 252 layered single shot detector (YOLO) to predict proper boundary boxes. The dataset of such images is provided by FLIR company. The dataset contains 6822 images for training purposes and 757 images for the validation. This proposed system can be used for real-time object detection as YOLO can achieve much higher rate of processing when compared to traditional method like HAAR cascade classifier in long wave infrared imagery (LWIR).
Medical Image Zooming by Using Rational Bicubic Ball Function
Authors: Abdul Karim Samsul Ariffin , Zulkifli Nur Atiqah Binti , Shafie A'fza Binti , Sarfraz Muhammad , Ghaffar Abdul , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy
Published: August 2020

This chapter deals with image processing in the specific area of image zooming via interpolation. The authors employ bivariate rational cubic ball function defined on rectangular meshes. These bivariate spline have six free parameters that can be used to alter the shape of the surface without needed to change the data. It also can be used to refine the resolution of the image. In order to cater the image zomming, they propose an efficient algorithm by including image downscaling and upscaling procedures. To measure the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, they compare the performance based on the value of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and root mean square error (RMSE). Comparison with existing schemes such as nearest neighbour (NN), bilinear (BL), bicubic (BC), bicubic Hermite (BH), and existing scheme Karim and Saaban (KS) have been made in detail. From all numerical results, the proposed scheme gave higher PSNR value and smaller RMSE value for all tested images.
Some Algorithms on Detection of Corner Points for Digital Images
Authors: Sarfraz Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Detecting corner points for the digital images is based on determining significant geometrical locations. Corner points lead and guide for providing significant clues for shape analysis and representation. They actually provide significant features of an object, which can be used in different phases of processing. In shape analysis problems, for example, a shape can be efficiently reformulated in a compact way and with sufficient accuracy if the corners are properly located. This chapter selects seven well referred algorithms from the literature to review, compare, and analyze empirically. It provides an overview of these selected algorithms so that users can easily pick an appropriate one for their specific applications and requirements.
A Perceptually Optimized Foveation Wavelet Visible Difference Predictor Quality Metric Based on Psychovisual Properties of the Human Visual System (HVS)
Authors: Bajit Abderrahim
Published: August 2020

Region of interest (ROI) image and video compression techniques have been widely used in visual communication applications in an effort to deliver good quality images and videos at limited bandwidths. Foveated imaging exploits the fact that the spatial resolution of the human visual system (HVS) is highest around the point of fixation (foveation point) and decreases dramatically with increasing eccentricity. Exploiting this fact, the authors have developed an appropriate metric for the assessment of ROI coded images, adapted to foveation image coding based on psycho-visual quality optimization tools, which objectively enable us to assess the visual quality measurement with respect to the region of interest (ROI) of the human observer. The proposed metric yields a quality factor called foveation probability score (FPS) that correlates well with visual error perception and demonstrating very good perceptual quality evaluation.
Avatar-Based Natural Neural Network as a Dynamic Virtual Model
Authors: Veretekhina Svetlana , Gorbachenko Vladimir
Published: August 2020

Avatar-based natural neural network (A-B Triple N) is widely used in modern industry created by Prof. Vardan Mkrttchian. The A-B Triple N is a dynamic virtual model of a system, process or service. The A-B Triple N continuously learns and updates its parameters, receiving information from a variety of sensors, correctly representing the state of a biophysical object. When learning, they use current data from sensors, control devices, and from the external bio environment combining actual data with the knowledge gained from specialists in this field. A-B Triple Ns allow you to monitor systems and processes in real time and analyze data in a timely manner to prevent problems before they occur, schedule preventive maintenance, reduces downtime, opens up new business opportunities and plans future updates and new developments.
The Research on the Effects of Geothermal Water Resources in Modern Georgia
Authors: Axtjan Emma
Published: August 2020

This article summarizes many years of research on the effects of geothermal water resources in modern Georgia in the context of globalization. A study was made on the degree of influence of the potential of human resources and the potential of economic resources on the effectiveness of policies in the field of renewable water resources of modern Georgia in a democracy. It is concluded that indeed the potential of human resources and the potential of economic resources affect the implementation of policies in the field of renewable water resources of modern Georgia, but the potential of human resources and the potential of economic resources do not directly affect the implementation of policies. All this indirectly affects its interaction with neighbors. A test was developed and implemented, and the test results show an indirect effect, which, through the mediation of a good policy in the field of renewable water resources of modern Georgia, has a positive effect on the use of human potential and economic resources of not only modern Georgia, but also the neighbors of the region.
Levy Processes Simulation for Modeling in Bioinformatics
Authors: Kuzmina Anna V.
Published: August 2020

This article discusses the capabilities of the R language for modeling Levy processes, processes that currently most closely correspond to the nature of the evolution of stock price movements. The efficient algorithm of the CGMY process simulation as a difference of the tempered stable independent Levy is processed and programmed with the R language. The efficient algorithm of variance gamma process simulation using variance gamma random variables is processed and programmed with the R language. The article is focused on an entirely new area relevant to the scope of the International Journal of Applied Research in Bioinformatics (IJARB).
Building Detection From Satellite Images for Urban Planning Using MATLAB-Based Pattern Matching Method
Authors: Reji A. Amala Arul , Muruganantham S.
Published: August 2020

Remote sensing and satellite image processing has many applications and an emerging field of trending in recent research. Remote sensing methods for extraction of information are used to obtain information related to the Earth's resources and environment for most government-based research applications. Few enhanced hybrid algorithms are reported and in use for real-world applications in recent years by extensive research for digital image processing. The digital images and satellite images are now extensively used for its information, which have many advantages over present analog image processing methods. The satellite data are larger and carry enormous amounts of information for applications like land description, crop assessment, cultivation monitoring, meteorology, regional description, underwater analysis, sea water interpretation, and so on. This paper analyses the requirements of better interpretation methods of received/captured images and newer processing techniques required. This paper presents complete study and pattern matching research in image processing tools using MATLAB programming and its capabilities that could be used in remote sensing applications in the future.
A California Hospital’s Response to COVID-19: From a Ripple to a Tsunami Warning
Authors: Bader Mary Kay , Braun Annabelle , Fox Cherie , Dwinell Lauren , Cord Jennifer , Andersen Marne , Noakes Bryan , Ponticiello Daniel
Published: August 2020

Background

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rippled across the world from Wuhan, China, to the shores of the United States within a few months. Hospitals and intensive care units were suddenly faced with a “tsunami” warning requiring instantaneous implementation and escalation of disaster plans.

Evidence Review

An evidence-based question was developed and an extensive review of the literature was completed, resulting in a structured plan for the intensive care units to manage a surge of patients critically ill with COVID-19 in March 2020. Twenty-five sources of evidence focusing on pandemic intensive care unit and COVID-19 management laid the foundation for the team to navigate the crisis.

Implementation

The Critical Care Services task force adopted recommendations from the CHEST consensus statement on surge capacity principles and other sources, which served as the framework for the organized response. The 4 S’s became the focus: space, staff, supplies, and systems. Development of algorithms, workflows, and new processes related to treating patients, staffing shortages, and limited supplies. New intensive care unit staffing solutions were adopted.

Evaluation

Using a framework based on the literature reviewed, the Critical Care Services task force controlled the surge of patients with COVID-19 in March through May 2020. Patients received excellent care, and the mortality rate was 0.008%. The intensive care unit team had the needed respiratory and general supplies but had to continually adapt to shortages of personal protective equipment, cleaning products, and some medications.

Sustainability

The intensive care unit pandemic response plan has been established and the team is prepared for the next wave of COVID-19.