bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Testosterone with the development of Alzheimer's disease in men with diabetes
Authors: Asra'a I. Al-Taii  , Ektefa'a A  , Ranen S. Rodan
Published: April 2023

That diabetes is a serious disease is widespread, a gate opens many health problems such as heart disease, kidney addition to that, it is a serious alarm for the brain and nervous start from the loss of concentration and poor memory through  decline into the abyss of Alzheimer's.The study included 65 blood sample, which included the first group (25) a sample of the blood of healthy people, while the second group are (40) blood samples from people with diabetes were (20) patients with the blood of diabetes patients with Alzheimer's sample.
The study showed the high level of blood sugar in diabetic patients with Alzheimer's compared with diabetic patients, as it found a rise significantly among Alzheimer's patients statistically significant, and it turned out through the study, an increase in the level of cholesterol and triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (vLDL) and the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) while high density lipoprotein level (HDL) decreased with diabetes and diabetic patients with Alzheimer's compared with healthy people.
The results showed high level body mass index (BMI) in the Alzheimer's patients compared with patients with diabetes, and  found a high of BMI among both Alzheimer's patients and patients with diabetes compared with healthy people. The results showed higher low level of testosterone in diabetic patients with Alzheimer's compared with patients with diabetes only low level among both groups compared with healthy people, while the study found no significant differences between the first group (diabetic patients with Alzheimer's) and second group (diabetic patients with Alzheimer's and suffering from high blood pressure).
Biohistological study of the effect of isolated flavonoids from Brassica Olearacea var. Capitata in the effectiveness of (AST,ALT) and liver tissue structure in alloxan induced diabetic white rats females.
Authors: Yasmine H. Jasim  , Meena A. Mustafa  , Sara F. Hassan
Published: April 2023

The study was designed to recognize the effects of flavonoids isolated from a Brassica oleracea plant to minimize the damage caused by diabetes induced by alloxan in the histological structure of liver and the levels of the (AST,ALT) in liver congeneric.
Fifteen female albino rats were used and divided into three groups equal: First group: control animals were given water and food, Second group: animals treated by alloxan, Third group: treatmed by alloxan and flavonol  in peritoneal injection.
At the end of experiment all animals were sacrified and dissected to obtain the  liver and Two grams was cut  to measure the effectiveness of liver enzymes (AST,ALT), the remaining samples were prepared for histological sections and examination.
The results clarified: A significant decrease (p≤o.o5) in the levels of (AST,ALT) in the liver of G2 when compared with the G, There are a significant increase in the levels of (ALT,AST) in liver of G3 when compared with G2, Histological examination showed occurrence of degenerative changes in histological structures of the rats liver of G2, and infiltration of composition in rats liver of G3 approached  natural form for the installation of  G1rats livers.
conclude from this study that diabetes effect the effectiveness of enzymes levels (AST, ALT) in the liver and the  degenerative changes in the structure of liver, and that the flavonol extracted from Brassica Olearacea var. Capitata has a treated effect of the damage caused by diabetes.
Study the inhibitory effect of Genger and Altbek grain against the growth some pathogenic bacterial and fungal species
Authors: Dunia K.S
Published: April 2023

This study included the test of Antimicrobial activity for two types extracts, the first is effect of aqueous, alcoholic, fresh juice and powder ginger extract .The second is the aqueous and alcoholic extract of Altbek grain on sex bacterial species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and 3 fungal species belonging to the genus Candida: Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata . The results showed that both the aqueous and alcoholic for  genger have high inhibited activity against p.mirabilis comparison all five tested antibiotics ,Also have the aqueous extract of ginger  high activity against K .pneumonia when compared to all Antibiotics used in the study, either  powder extract of genger have high inhibited activity against only P.aeruginosa while not showed any effective inhibition against bacterial and fungal species, also showed effective inhibition for alcoholic extract of genger against all fungal species, While not showed any effective inhibition for aqueous, juice and powder extract against fungal species. The study showed the aqueous and alcoholic Altbek grain have high effective activity against S.aureus comparison to  Antibiotics: Cefotaxim, Norfloxacin and moderate effective when compared to Antibiotics: Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Augmentin, The aqueous and alcoholic genger extract have highly effective inhibition against S.pneumonia compared of Antibiotics: Norfloxacin, Augmentin, Cefotaxim and medium effective compared with Antibiotics: Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, and did not appear any effective inhibition against all fungal species.
Capacity Assessment of the Sewage Treatment plant at the Residency Complex / Al- Dour / salah Al-Deen
Authors: Buraq Mahmoud Atta  , Badran Adnan Saeed  , Hutaf Abdul-Malik Ahmed
Published: April 2023

The efficiency of the waste water treatment plant at Salah Al-deen governorate was evaluated by measuring certain physical and chemical properties. The results showed that water temperature rates (19.840C), electric conductivity (544.2 Micro Siemens/cm), pH (7.76), biological oxygen demand (40.3 mg/L.) and chloride ion concentration (209.16 mg/ L.) in drained water were accordance the Iraqi standard properties determinants. Turbidity (7.9 naphthalene turbidity unit), total hardness (396.8 mg calcium carbonate /L.), and magnesium hardness (194.3 mg magncium carbonate /L.) were removed efficiently by the station, as the removal capacity of these determinants where (93.404%), (2.935%) and (15.337) respectively. The station was not capable enough to remove the calcium hardness (202.80mg calcium carbonate/L.) and total alkalinity (345.2 mg calcium carbonate/L (. The statistical analysis of the studied factors in the station have no significant differences among the studded sites and have highly significant differences among the studded months.
The effect of spraying Gibberellin and sea algae extracts on characteristics of Vegetative growth, mineral contents and some characteristics of volatile oils in the fruit of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)
Authors: Mohammed Abdullah AL-Joburi
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Tikrit University/Faculty of Agriculture, the agricultural season 2013- 2014 on Anise  plant. the Experiment design with randomized complete block design RCBD, the Experiment contained included two factors, the first one is Spraying Gibberellin GA3 with three levels (first, no Spraying labeled as A0 ,the second is Spraying with GA3 100 mg.L-1 labeled as A1, and the third is Spraying with GA3 200 mg.L-1 labeled as A2).The scend factor is Spraying with Sea Algae Extracts with four levels (the first is no Spraying level labeled as M0 ,the second is Spraying with Sea mino 1.5 ml.L-1 labeled as M1 the third is Spraying with Sea force 1 2.5 ml.L-1 labeled as M2, the fourth is Spraying with mixture of (Sea mino +Sea force 1 of concentration 1.5 ml. L-1 +2.5ml. L-1, labeled as M3) with three replications. the results showed the Spraying treatment of  GA3 200mg. L-1gave the height average in all the studied Characteristics of the vegetative growth. The Spraying treatment of Spraying with mixture Sea Algae Extracts (Sea mino +Sea force 1 of concentration 1.5ml. L-1 +2.5ml.L-1) gave the heiht average in all the studied Characteristics of the vegetative growth compared to the other treatments and the comparing treatment. For the overlapping treatment The Spraying treatment (A2M3) (Gibberellin 200 mg. L-1 + mixture of Sea mino + Sea force 1 of concentration 1.5 ml. L-1 +2.5 ml. L-1) in all of the Characteristics of the vegetative growth including the height of the plant (95.75) cm. plant -1, number of leaves (26.31) leaves. plant -1, dry weight for the vegetative sum (9. 41) gm. plant-1 , and the content of the total chlorophyll in the leaves (11.77) mg. gm-1.The comparing treatment gave the least of the above Characteristics (58.11 cm. plant -1, 11.06 leaves . plant -1, 4.15gm. plant -1 and 10.7 mg. gm-1) respectively. The treatment (A2M3) which is Spraying with (Gibberellin of concentration 200 mg. L-1) and Spraying with  mixture of Sea Algae Extracts (Sea mino + Sea force 1 of concentration 1.5 ml . L-1 +2.5ml. L-1) gave the hightest significant differences in the nutritious content of the leaves such nitrogen ,magnesium, iron, cuppar and zinc which are (2.513 %, 0.879 %, 80.27 mg. L-1, 14.34 mg. L-1 and 63.72 mg .L-1) respectively. The treatment (A2M1) which is Spraying with (gibberellin of concentration 200 mg. L-1) and spraying with (Sea mino of concentration 1.5ml. L-1) gave the hightest  concentration of phosphorus and putaseom  (0.393 % , and  2.873 %) respectively. For some  of the physical Characteristics of the Oil, The treatment (A2M3) and ( A2M1), gave the hightest significant  differences in terms of (Percentage, qualitative weight, Oil density, and reflection factor. The treatment (A2M3) gave the hightest concentration for the above Characteristics (2.49%, 0.961, 0.911 micro liter -1, 1.347degree)  respectively.
Hormonal biochemical study of patients with hyperthyroidism activity in the city of Samarra
Authors: Noor Ibrahem Hasan al kraie
Published: April 2023

This study was designed to determine the effect of the increase of hyperthyrodisim on some hormones (Triiodothyronine, thyroxin, thyroid stimulating hormone) and some biochemical parameters (creatinine, magnesium) 58 sample used in this study at age (25-40 years), where the samples were divided into two groups and a sample rate of 29 per group. The totals were as follows: control group, and a group of patients. It was measured hormone Triiodothyronine level (T3), and hormone Tetraiodothyronine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone, creatinine and Magnesium. Results of the study showed for the increase significantly in the level of the hormone T3 and T4 and TSH in patients group, the results also showed a significant decrease for the level of creatinine and magnesium in patients when compared to the control group.
Study the level of lipid oxidation in patients with coronary atherosclerosis
Authors: Sabah Hussein Khorsheed  , Ali Rahman Nama
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The coronary heart disease CHD one of the most common diseases of the heart and blood vessels, especially in adults who ranged from age (40 years and above), it is known that the oxidative damage caused adverse effects on the cellular functions, leading to a number of disease states. The free radical, especially Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were playing an important  role causing a lot of clinical cases including coronary heart disease. It was measuring some indicators of oxidation and anti-oxidants necessary to determine the relationship between these standards and their impact on the negative and positive CHD.
The number of patients included (60) samples for both sexes (30 males and 30 females), aged (40-69 years). They are non-smokers and do not drink alcohol. Without other diseases such as high blood pressure or diabetes, and healthy samples included (30) samples (15 males, 15 females), aged (40-67 years). The blood samples were collected from Kirkuk hospital.
Results: The results showed a significant decrease in probability (P≤0.05) in the levels of concentrations (TAC, SOD, VE, HDL) in patients with coronary heart disease and the results were (216.19±4.85µmol/L, 40.038±7.245 U/mL, 26.136±6.376umol/L, 29.128±2.001mg/dL) respectively, compared with the healthy group (422.66±69.11µmol/L, 72.191±2.729 U/mL, 39.251±7.839 umol/L, 56.267±8.890 mg/dL) respectively. While the concentrations of levels of (OxLDL, TC, TG) increased significantly high at (P≤0.05) in patients with CHD and the results were (283.97±28.75 pg/mL, 242.18±22.41 mg/dL, 274.14±56.35 mg/dL) respectively compared with the healthy group (138.56±15.04 pg/mL, 167.12±14.06 mg/dL, 108.97±12.30 mg/dL) respectively. And the current study showed that the sex statistically effect clear at (P≤0.05) between male and female patients compared with the healthy group, The role of age was evident also gave significant differences at (P≤0.05) for all age groups that have been studied and the increased risk of CHD with age in both sexes in patients compared with healthy group. The study also showed statistical differences at (P≤0.05) with increasing body mass index (BMI) when measuring all parameters for patients compared to healthy group.
Conclusion: The decrease in the levels of antioxidants (TAC, SOD, VE) and good cholesterol HDL versus an increase in oxidation OxLDL and lipids blood TC and TG as factors indicators cause increased oxidative stress in the blood serum of patients CHD as a result free radicals that put out the role of antioxidants and increased risk of disease CHD.
Development of Spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of dexamethasone in pharmaceutical preparations
Authors: Rafal Abdulraheem Abdullah  , Khalaf F. AL-Samarraee
Published: April 2023

This Study is concerned a fast, easy, sensitive, accurate and economical spectrophotometric method for the determination of Dexamethasone. This method based on the use of UV- spectra measurements at 242 nm.
 The linearity of the method is performed between (3 - 65) μg.ml-1, the  coefficient of  correlation was = 0.9998. The value of Rec% and RSD% are found at the range (95.28 -102.86)% and (0 - 0.272 )% respectively, The LOD and LOQ were (0.024and 0.081) μg.ml-1, respectively .
The method was successfully applied to the determination of DMT in Bulk and pharmaceutical preparations
Qualitative and quantitative study of algae in three drinking water plants supply springs in Sulaymaniyah province - Kurdistan region of Iraq
Authors: Bashar T. I. AL-Shandah  , Riadh Abas Abd Al-Jabar  , Trifa K. J. Farkha
Published: April 2023

In this study, three drinking water treatment plant supply springs were selected within different sites in Sulaymaniyah province- Kurdistan region of Iraq. Samples were collected over period of eight months from May to the end of December 2015.
Five stations were selected, Stations 1, 2 and 3 were located at Bestan Sowr drinking water project in Sharazur district, station 4 was located at Saray Subhan Agha drinking water project in Said sadiq district and station 5 was located at Khurmal drinking water project in Khurmal district within Halabja district.
The study involved a qualitative (identification) and quantitative (Density and Total count) study of phytoplankton in water for selected stations.
A total of 155 algal species were identified belong to 9 classes in all studied stations, 80 species belonged to Bacillariophyceae (diatoms), 35 species to chlorophyceae, 30 species to Cyanophyceae, 3 species to Euglenophyceae, 2 species for each of Crptophyceae and Pyrophyceae and 1 species for each of Chrysophyceae, Dinophyceae and Xanthophyceae. Diatoms were dominated (according to the total count of taxa) over all other phytoplankton in all sites, Chlorophyceae formed the second most algal group at the selected sites and Cyanophyceae formed the third most algal group of phytoplankton at the selected sites.
The results of phytoplankton quantitative study in the studying stations recorded the highest total density of phytoplankton during the study period was at Station1 (18377.28 ind×103/l), followed by (12513.34 ind×103/l) at Station 2 and (4779.45 ind×103/l) at Station 3. The results of total Count of phytoplankton at all stations ranged between 5913×103 cell/l and 29×103 cell/l.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Cytomegalovirus in Sera of Aborted Women in Samaraa city
Authors: Sheelan  A. Anwar  , Nuha S. Al-Bayati
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to detect the relationship between Toxoplasmosis, Cytomegalovirus infections and occurrence of abortion. The records of 173 aborted women between age of less than twenty years and fifty years old attending to the hospital of Samaraa general hospital from October 2015 to April 2016 were reviewed. Investigation by using VIDAS technique represented that T. Gondii antibodies showed in 54(31.2 %) of aborted women ,while 23(13.3 %) represented infected with Cytomegalovirus and 7(4.1%) were infected with both Toxoplasmosis and Cytomegalovirus. Also the study showed that 77 (44.5%) of aborted women were in aged groups between 21-30 years old ,and the anti-toxoplasmosis IgM &IgG found in 66(38.2%) and anti-cytomegalovirus IgM &IgG found only in 30(17.34%) in aborted women.
Fungal contamination of Azadi Teaching Hospital and Hevi Paediatric Hospital Environments, Duhok, Iraq
Authors: Shilan S. Saleem  , Wasan M. Alnakshabandie  , Asia A. M. Saadullah
Published: April 2023

This survey study was undertaken to find out the prevalence and distribution of fungi occupying the residential surfaces in Azadi Teaching Hospital and Hevi Paediatric Hospital in Duhok province, Iraq. Three hundred samples were collected from randomly selected areas in laboratories, wards, consultation rooms, operating theatres and hospital kitchen by swabs. These samples were cultured on two selective fungal media (PDA and SDA) and also samples from air were cultured on PDA in order to determine the genus or species of the agents in the samples. The results found microorganisms that were identified included forty eight isolates in addition to non identified yeasts and sterile mycelium also detected. From 300 samples collected from period January to May 2016, molds comprised 60% and yeasts comprised 40%. All fungal isolates were identified depending on the morphological and microscopic examinations as well as biochemical tests. The environmental contaminations in Azadi Teaching and Hevi Paediatric Hospitals with fungi (Aspergillus) were the highest fungal isolates whereas Candida sp. was the highest yeast isolate
Role of Adiponectin Hormone Concentrations and Some Immunological and Biochemical Parameters inAlloxan Induced Diabetic Male Rabbits and Diabetic Treated with Alpha Lipoic Acid and L-Carnitine
Authors: Mohanad Hasan Mahmood Humadi  Al-Izzi  , Zaid Mohamad Mubarak  , Ismat  Jamal  Jamil
Published: April 2023

This study was designed in order to estimate the effect of alloxan induced diabetes mellitus on adiponectin hormone concentration and some immunological and biochemical parameters of male domestic rabbits. The study involved  (20) blood samples were divided into 4 groups : group one: adult normal healthy male rabbits as control group, group two: adult male rabbits with alloxan induced diabetes mellitus, group three: adult male rabbits with alloxan induced diabetes mellitus treated with alpha lipoic acid (100 mg/kg), group four: adult male rabbits with alloxan induced diabetes mellitus treated with L-carnitine (100 mg/kg). The results of this study found significant decrease in adiponectin hormone concentrations at levels (P≤ 0.05) in second group as compared with control group; while significant increase in adiponectin hormone concentrations at levels (P≤0.05) in third and fourth groups in comparison with diabetic group, and there is significant increase in proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) concentrations at levels (P≤ 0.05) of second group in comparison with control group, while significant decrease in IL-1 β concentrations at levels (P≤ 0.05) of third and fourth groups in comparison with diabetic group; and there are significant increases in the activity of enzymes: Alanine amino transferase (ALT), and Aspartate amino transferase (AST) at levels (P≤ 0.05) of second group in comparison with control group, while significant decrease in the activity of enzymes: Alanine amino transferase (ALT), and Aspartate amino transferase (AST) at levels (P≤ 0.05) of third and fourth groups in comparison with diabetic group.
Soil contamination with intestinal parasites eggs in public parks and playgrounds in Kirkuk city
Authors: Huda Mawlood Taher
Published: April 2023

Intestinal parasites eggs are the most soil contaminated which can cause many health problems after ingestion. The aim of this study was to estimate the presence of intestinal parasites eggs in the soil samples collected from public parks and playgrounds in Kirkuk city.
A total of Fifty-six (56) soil samples were collected from 14 areas (7 public parks and 7 playgrounds) through a period from 1st of March 2016 to 1st of October 2016, samples were examined microscopically using wet mount and zinc sulphate flotation methods for detecting intestinal parasitic eggs.
Ninety-seven (78.6%) of soil sample were positive for presence eggs, include Toxocara Spp. (22.2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (19.4%), Hymenolepis diminuta (16.7%), Ancylostoma duodenale (13.9%), Taenia saginata (11.1%), Trichuris trichiura (8.3%) and Trichostrongylus Spp. (8.3%).
The collected data was analyzed using statistical test Chi-square; this study shows the high rate of eggs of parasites which could be a potential source of parasitic infection.
Effect of Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis L.) and its isolated (flavonoids and glycosides) on the lipids profile in the local Iraqi female rabbits
Authors: Othman Rashid AL-Samarrai  , Nazar Ahmed Naji  , Rafaa Razooq Hameed
Published: April 2023

The present study aimed to explain the effect of Bay leaf and its isolated flavonoids and glycosides on the levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C in the local Iraqi female rabbits. Isolation of flavonoids and glycosides from Bay leaf were carried out, the study design included four groups (n=6): Control group-C fed with standard pellet diet; group1-G1 orally administrated daily dose 100 mg/ml/kg of Bay leaf crude for 30 days; group2-G2 orally administrated daily dose 50 mg/ml/kg of isolated flavonoids for 30 days; group3-G3 orally administrated daily dose 12.5 mg/ml/kg of isolated glycosides for 30 days. TC, TG and HDL-C were determined by enzymatic colorimetric method. The results showed that oral administration of Bay leaf and its isolated flavonoids and glycosides reduced levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C compared to control, therefore Bay leaf useful agent in reducing hyperlipidemia.
Electrical Conductance Study of Aspartic Acid (Asp) Complex Cobalt (Co ΙΙ ) in Different Solvents and Temperatures
Authors: Hala A. Abedel – Rahman Associate  , Yaman , Q. Sa'dullah  , Rawya Z. Saeed
Published: April 2023

The electrical conductivities of Co(II) complex with aspartic acid (Asp) in different solvents (water, methanol and ethanol) at different temperatures were measured by assisting of  lee-Wheaton equation at the best fit values of standard deviled for analyzing the data of unsymmetrical electrolytes including,the conductivity parameters, the ionic conductivity M+2, the association constant KA, and the distance parameter R .
 Thermodynamic information from association and examining the nature of the interaction was obtained.
Correlation study some dynamic properties with density, point load Index and Uniaxial compressive strength of some units of Mukdadya (lowerBakhtiari) Formation
Authors: Burkan S. Othman  , Dahir K. ALI
Published: April 2023

Geotechnical study conducted upon 10 rock samples have been taken from outcroup of Mukdadiya Formation (Lower Bakhtiari) which are located in Kirkuk anticline. Seismic wave velocities (shear and compressional), the dynamic modulus of rigidity, young, bulk and poisson's ratio, density, point load index test and uniaxial compressive strength test were measured of the rock samples in the laboratory. The dynamic properties values were correlated with geotechnical properties inculding uniaxial compressive strength, point load index and dry density. The rock samples have low to medium seismic velocites and very weak to weak mechanical strength. The mathematical relations showed a good correlation coefficient between the dynamic and geotechnical properties of the rock samples, that confident relations could use to estimate the geotechnical properies in the field by measuring sciesmic wave velocities in any future engineering projects.
Innovated Method to Estimate the Water Income in the Section of Tharthar Valley near the Site of Hatra Proposed Dam
Authors: Sabbar Abdullah Saleh  , Omar Riyadh Abdulrahman  , Abdulsalam Mehdi Salih
Published: April 2023

Innovated method applied to adapt Hatra Bridge on Tharthar valley as discharge monitoring station, to estimate the water income of the valley near the site of proposed dam. The section of the valley was geometrically surveyed before the first rainfall storm to build the equation of relationship between water level and area of flow section which required for the discharge estimation.
Six flood waves were monitored along the period of raining season of 2012-2013, the flow velocity were measured on the surface of flow section, with 30 minutes time interval, the same time interval used for the measurements of water level.
The average velocity estimated by innovated method according to the measurements of surface velocity, the equation of the relationship between average velocity and water level were derived and applied with the cross sectional area of flow to estimate the discharge, then the accumulated discharge measurements converted to the total volume of water income for each flood wave.
The total volume of water income in the studied section reached to 141719509 m3.
Fabrication and characterization of Ag-BaF2/GaSb Schottky diode
Authors: Abdulsamee Fawzi Abdulaziz
Published: April 2023

The Ag-BaF2/GaSb Schottky diode measurement has been investigated by using voltage versus current (I-V) at different temperatures, voltage versus capacitance (C-V) and hotoelectric measurements on n-type GaSb carrier per cm-3, Current – voltage measurement were used to study the interface layer. Near ideal characteristics were observed for Ag-BaF2/GaSb contact with ideality factor values (1.21-1.451). The Schottky barrier height and donor concentration (Nd) have been obtained from C-V characteristics. Barrier height results from these methods were the same approximately with the results obtained from current – voltage measurement and were in the same range which suggests that the Fermi level is pinned in the lower half of the band gap. Photoelectric measurements were used for barrier height measurements by applying the fowler method. The surfaces of sample was analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and also the x-ray is used to investigate the reasons for the non-ideal behavior of Ga contacts and to study the surface of Ag-BaF2 layer on the air-cleaved n-GaSb surface.
Annealing temperature effect on the Structure, Morphology and Optical properties of Copper Oxide CuO thin Films
Authors: Najat A.Dahham
Published: April 2023

Copper  oxide (CuO) thin films were  deposited on glass substrates  by (sol-gel ) method using a spin -Coating technique  and the speed of the spin coater was fixed at 3000 rpm for 30 sec and the samples were are annealed at temperatures (250,350,450 and 550) ° C for 1 hrs. The structural, Morphology, and optical properties of the film are determined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-visible spectroscopy respectively. The XRD patterns showed that copper oxide (CuO) thin films prepared has polycrystalline structure and when increase the annealing temperature of the thin film over than 300° C the thin film turns from phase Cu2O to CuO phase and through examination (AFM) showed that the average grain size increases with the annealing temperature either Optical examinations showed decrease in transmission and increase in absorption coefficient with increase annealing temperature. The prepared thin films have direct energy gap and the value of the optical energy gap decreased with increasing annealing temperature from 3.99 eV to 3.94 eV
Cluster forming based on spatial information using HMAC in WSN
Authors: Aso Ahmed Majeed
Published: April 2023

The wireless sensor can be considered as one of the most major technologies through using it in different application such as environmental applications, military applications, commercial applications, health applications and agriculture applications. Due to the sensor networks may be deployed in open area (uncontrolled area), especially in military applica­tions. In such situ­ations, the nodes are vulnerable to be captured. Moreover, data/control packets may be inter­cepted and/or modified due to the transmission nature.
Consequently, security services such as authentication and encryption done by key manage­ment which is not trivial task. The key management is important to maintain the network op­erations. The proposed scheme the nodes based on spatial information with data sequence then sends encryption message to each other in secure way by HMAC for providing safe links between the nodes in the network and forming the clusters. Consequently, the proposed scheme covers the security goals and au­thentication of each node.
A SINGLE MUTUAL FIXED POINT THEOREM USING Փ- CONTRACTION IN PARTIAL –b– METRIC SPACES
Authors: Muayyad Mahmood Khalil
Published: April 2023

In this paper we proved a common fixed point theorem by using Փ- contraction condition and also provided an example which supports our main result.
Study of Ceroluplasmin and some immunological parameters in renal failure and iron deficiency anemia patients
Authors: Ansam Hussein Ali  , Sahib J. Abdurahman  , Mousa J. Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The current study included 130 people over a period of research from October 2015 to May 2016 who have renal failure, iron deficiency anemia. Samples were studied divided in three groups: the first group: included 50 patients (62-20 years) with renal failure, and the second group: included 50 patients (34-5 years) from anemic iron deficiency, in addition to the 30 healthy persons (18-54 years) represented a group of healthy control. The present study aimed to find out the dynamic effect of the ceroluplasmin and its role in anemia among patients with iron deficiency anemia as well as anemia in patients with renal failure, in addition to the effect of some of the immune status in patients indicators which (IL-4), (IL-6) and (IL-10), The study concludes the following results: The results showed the presence of high-altitude CP in patients groups and for both males and females when compared with the control group. significant rise in the level of and  IL- 4, IL-6 and IL- 10 for patients with renal failure, iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia, and for both males and females
Morphological and histological study of the spleen in Hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus)
Authors: Thekra Atta Ibrahim
Published: April 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the morphological description and histological structure of the spleen in Hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus); the anatomical study revealed that spleen in Hedgehog was elongated, tongue-like shape, with blue red color. It is situated in the abdominal cavity in the left side of the stomach. The results of histological study revealed that the spleen was surrounded by a thick capsule composed of outer layer of mesothelial cells and an inner layer consist of dense fibrous connective tissue, contains collagen and elastic fibers with more smooth muscle fibers, trabeculae extend from dense fibrous connective tissue the capsule into the splenic parenchyma. The contained trabecular arteries, nerves and were composed mainly of connective tissue made of collagen, reticular and elastic fibers and more smooth muscle fibers. It is comprised of two functionally and morphologically distinct compartments, the red pulp and the white pulp. The white pulp was made of lymphatic nodules consists of the marginal zone forming the outermost edge of white pulp, the periarteriolar lymphatic sheeth (PALS), central arteries and germinal centers Containing the phagocytic and plasma cells and Retinae cells win lymphocytes of medium and small-sized. The present study revealed some of these terminate in the marginal sinus at the junction of the white pulp and the marginal zone, whereas others traverse the marginal zone to form the venous system of the red pulp, which named after the large, blood-filled sinuses. Histological examination also showed that the red pulp spleen in hedgehog composed from vascular tissue that contain pulp arteries, venous sinuses and splenic cords Within the spaces between the cords are megakaryocytes and blood cells. Results of the present study revealed that extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) a normal occurs of the splenic red pulp. Extramedullary hematopoiesis may include increased numbers of erythroid precursors, myeloid precursors, megakaryocytes
Effect of using Melatonin in reducing the heart toxicity produced from the use of Doxorubicin drug on some hormones in the experimental male rabbits
Authors: Abeer Talib A. H  , Zaid M. Mubark AL-Mahdawi  , Saleh M. Rahim AL-Obaidy
Published: April 2023

This study amid to search the role of Melatonin in reducing the heart toxicity and atherosclerosis which result from using of Doxorubicin in treatment of cancer Also the role of hydrogen peroxide in inducing oxidative stress in Laboratory Albino rabbit; Growth Hormone and (T3,T4,TSH) levels. the Study included 40 male rabbits, where each group consist of 5 animals. the study showed high Significant decrease in Growth Hormone concentration (P≤0.01) in Dox group (15mg/kg of.w) and group of animals treated with H2O2 alone while the concentrations of Growth Hormone  had been increase with high significant (P≤0.01) in other groups. The results showed high significant (P≤0.01) in the hormone (T4)  concentration in serum in the group H2O2 and Dox group alone compare with control and the occurrence of a highly significant increase (P≤0.01)of Hormone (T3) (T4) concentrations in Animal group treated with Dox (15 mg/kg) and  Melatonin Also group treated with H2O2 and Melatonin, and group treated with Cholesterol and Melatonin. while high significant decrease (P≤0.01) had been happened in Hormone (T3) (T4) concentration in sera of other groups of animals compared with the control. and the results showed high significant (P≤0.01) in the hormone TSH concentration in serum in the group Dox and Cholesterol group alone compare with control. there were no significant differences in the concentration of  the hormone TSH in the group H2O2 alone and the other groups compared with the control.
The control of genetic parameters on grain yield and its components in hexaploid wheat
Authors: N. K. Yousif  , H. A. Abass
Published: April 2023

Controlling of genetical parameters on grain yield and its components were study in six generation (P1,P2,F1,F2,B1 and B2) for two crosses of hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (Iba-99 x Reyna-27) and (Abochareeb-3 x Jawaher-20) to estimate: gene action parameters, components of genetic variance, environmental variance, average degree of dominance, broad sense heritability, narrow sense heritability and expected genetic advance from selection in F2. Two models were applied in analyzing the component of generation means and the total phenotypic variance for studied traits in six generations for each cross were analyzed. The results showed that: The three parameter genetics models were adequate for the inheritance of spike number and grain yield in tow crosses and there were significant additive, dominance and epistatic effects on the other traits. Over dominance for studied traits, but partial for 100 grain weight in the first cross, plant height and spike length in the second cross. Narrow sense heritability and expected genetic advance were high for most traits.
Evaluation the effectivness of Phycocyanin as antibiotic against Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Yawooz Hameed Mahmood
Published: April 2023

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is considered as one of the major causes for periodontitis that eventually lead to health complications and teeth loss. In this study, crude protein extract of phycocyanin (C-PC) from Spirulina platensis that extract by precipitation and freezing/thawing methods, was assessed for its antimicrobial activity against its growth ATCC 33277, W50 wild type and  W50 (Kgp-) W50 (Rgp-) mutant type P. gingivalis strains were used to evaluate C-PC action in the bacterial inhibition at different concentrations. The results showed that there was  a decrease in ratio of the surface area for growth of bacteria has encountered in the W50 mutation strain at higher concentrations. This knowledge can be useful for the development of new oral hygienic treatments containing C-PC in the future
Survey study for diseases of house chickens in villages of Kirkuk governorate
Authors: N. A. Jasim
Published: April 2023

This research included (436) infected case of house chickens were diagnosed in villages of Kirkuk in the period (January 2015 to December 2015).The study showed that Newcastle Disease still the most important diseases in poultry of Iraq, with a high percentage of (35.3%) from total cases. The incidence of other diseases were as follow: Parasitic infestations manifested in chickens as Ectoparasites (15%), Fowl pox (14.4%), Internal parasites (13.3%), Bumble foot (7.3%), Fowl Typhoid and Pullorum Disease (6.9%), Necrotic enteritis (4.8%), the low incidence with Fowl cholera (3%) was recorded .
The Study of Teratogenic and Histological effects of treatment with Methotrexate and Rituximab in Swiss White Mice
Authors: Wajdi Sabeh Sadek  , Nuha Hussam Abed el-Wahab
Published: April 2023

The present study was conducted to evaluate teratogenic and histopathological effects of two drugs Methotrexate (MTX) and Rituximab (RTX) ) in Swiss white mice Mus musculus by intra-peritoneal injectioning at 9 day after gestation, sacrificing of pregnant females at 18 day of pregnancy to study features abnormalities of embryos. (Liver, Kidney and Heart) of pregnant and non pregnant females of mice (Lungs and spleen) of pregnant females used in Histopathological study. The results showed that abortion caused by  MTX at 5, 10 mg/kg bw., RTX at 10 mg/kg bw., and 5 mg/kg bw MTX +5 mg/kg bw RTX. The treatment with RTX at 5 mg/kg bw. induces features of skeletal abnormalities in embryos of  treated pregnant females. When the pregnant females treated with the both drugs embryos of treated females showed abnormalities in neck, lumbar vertebrae, skull bones and tail vertebrae. Histopathological effects, represented as desquamation in epithelium of kidney tubules, hemorrhage, congestions, infiltration of lymphocytes, necrosis and apoptosis of cells in liver, kidney, spleen, and lungs, damage of alveolar wall, enlargement of heart cells and increasing of nuclei, in treated pregnant females  was more than that of  non pregnant females. The current  study suggest that MTX and RTX had genotoxic and cytotoxic effects, based on indication  that 5, and 10 mg/kg.b.wt of MTX, 10 mg/kg b.wt. of RTX  and 5 mg/kg bw MTX +5 mg/kg bw RTX caused abortion, 5 mg/kg b.wt. of RTX caused teratogenic features. Treatment with the two drugs simultaneously has less impact on development of embryos as we found no abortion but it caused histopathological effects and congenital abnormalities.
Role Oxidative stress in formation Of kidney stones
Authors: Sabah H. khurshid  , Sherko M. Sharif
Published: April 2023

The study includes (90) people of males and females, whom (30) healthy peoples (16 males, 14 females) and (60) patients have kidney stones (33 males, 27 females) that aged ranged from (20 – 62) years.
The study was conducted to evaluated (MDA, SOD, Catalase ,total concentration of thiols, total concentration of protein and albumin) in blood serum of kidney stone patients. Also evaluated level of TAC, MDA, and Biochemical test (uric acid and Calcium) for 24 hours urine collection.
 The study showed significantly increase concentration of (MDA) that value in the serum of patients (48.813±6.614nmol/l) compared with control groups (17.689±4.176 nmol/l) in addition to significantly decrease in the level of (SOD, Catalase, total thiols, total proteins and albumin) in blood serum of patients, They were (39.46±6.95 U/ml), (293.5±26.08KU\l), (223.9±18.39µmol/ml), (6.584±0.532g\dl), (3.325±0.29 mg/dl) compared with control (64.52±8.42 U/ml), (509.01±43.41 KU\l), (401.36±37.42 µmol/ml), (8.500±0.321 g\dl), (4.5173±0.26 mg/dl) respectively at the level of probability (P ≤ 0.05)
The study also showed the presence of a significantly increase concentration of MDA, Uric acid, Calcium of urine patients they were (166.0±8.103nmol/l), (14.27±1.511mg/dl), (9.126±1.731mg/dl) comparing with controlling group which were (88.62±6.002 nmol/l), (6.671±0.561 mg/dl(, (6.946±0.904 mg/dl) respectively, the significantly decrease of the level of total anti-Oxidants in the urine of patients of urinary stones (45.90±8.063 µmol\l) compared with controlling group (98.0±12.757µmol\l) ,The highest incidence of urinary tract stones in the age group (31- 40) years and that the high percentage prevalence of kidney stones in male group (55%) compared with a female groups (45%).
Estimate of the flavonoids in the Leavesof BayLaurel Studying their Bio-activity
Authors: Nuha Ali Hadi AL-Samarrai
Published: April 2023

The recent study a imed at extracting and estimating  some of the secondary metabolic compounds  taken from  Leaves of Bay Laurel due to their important benefits for  the human health . the flavonoids  were  and registered 12.7% and alkaloids 7.8 %. some of the dietary valu in the leaves of Bay Laurel-moistur ,total Sold materia, ash, oil, fiber were 5.7%, 94.3%, 20%, 1.7%, 15.1%, respectively. The kinds of Filavovonid in leaves of Bay Laurel were estimated also by the HPLC Techniqe .They were as following: Apigenin, Luteolin, Quercetin, Chrysin, Myricetin, Kaempferol and Hesperetin.so  they registered their values: 11.5, 14.19, 11.1, 11.3, 10.9, 10.65, 8.49 a respectively by unit μg/ ml. by Comparison with the standard flavonoids kinds as well as studying the bio-activity of the flavonid  extract against bacteria, four concentrations form the flavonid extract were prepared: (50,100,150,200)mg/ml. concentrations (150,200) mg/ ml gave an inhibition against positive and negative –grem bacteria against normal Genamicin Sulfate where as the an centrations 100 mg/ ml did not give an any inhibition against negative germ bacteria but give a little inhibition gainst the positive-germ bacteria compared with  normal inhibition. the concentrations 150 mg/ml did not give any inhibition against the  negative and positive –germ bacteria compared with  normal inhibition Genamicin Sulfate .
Morphological characteristics and spectral reflectivity of some degraded soils west Fold Makhoul
Authors: Ammar S. Esmael  , Abdulla A. Rashd  , J.K. Shalla
Published: April 2023

The study aim to determine the status and the types of degradation in different sites, depending on the interest of the morphological characteristics Evaluation  of the selected Soils and using the Remote Sensing Thechniques as a modern and efficient technologies in monitoring and controlling changes as a result of soil degradation and vegetation and knowledge of the spectral behavior of these soils using a measuring device reflectivity spectral Spectroradiometer. The study was conducted in the province of Salah Alddin in the area between the city of Baiji, and Sharqat that represent the western flank of Makhoul  fold, the Total area was to 402.20 km2. It has been identified types of Degradation of soils study, which varied between physical degradation District Representative Degradation at Soil Structure build soils and chemical Representative high content of salts and gypsum content and biological Representative down the organic matter content and lack of vegetation. The study also demonstrated through the use of Spectral Reflectance dvice (Spectroradiometer) to show properties of Spectral  reflectance curves of degraded Soil, and characterized by a high degree of gypsum soils with situations of deterioration as a result of high gypsum content by distinguished absorb moisture packs at wavelengths (1400-1450) nm. A reflectance spectral increases with the color value of the Value and increases with higher content of Gypsum, which increases with depth, The results showed a linear relationship was positive and strong, a factor determining R2 value of 0.93 between the percentage of reflectivity and spectral values​​, linear relationship positive between reflectance and spectral content of gypsum, a factor determining R2 worth 0.77 Pan Pedons soils study area. And the existence of a relationship between the third-degree reflectivity ratio of the spectral content of organic matter by a factor of determining R2 value of 0.52
Estimation of some plant nutrition and heavy metals in Euphrates River at AL-Ramadi and Khalidiah Cities
Authors: Majeed Mahmoud Khalaf  , Riedh A. Abdul - Jabbad
Published: April 2023

This study was carried out in Euphrates River at Al-Jazira region in between the cities of Al-Ramadi and khalidiah in AL-Anbar province.  Seven stations were selected. The first one was west to AL-Ramadi, and the Last one was at Al-Khalidiah bridge. The study was carried out during the period from September 2013 to June 20l4.  Results of the plant nutrition of nitrite, phosphate and silica were (0.01-0.3) μg nitrogen atom-nitrite, (0.11-0.79) μg phosphorus -atom- phosphate, and (0.58-1.39) mg/L. Heavy metals of chrome and cobalt were in between the allowed values of the Iraqi drinking water characterization and were (0.00-0.05) mg/L and (0.00-0.02) mg/L receptively. The values of the other metals as Lead, Nickel, and Cadmium were extended beyond the allowed characterization of standard Iraqi drinking water and were (0.007-0.950), (0.00-0.036), and (0.004-0.04) mg/L respectively. Statistical analyses (at the significance level of 0.01 and 0.05) proved to have no significant differences between the stations for all factors, while significant differences were found with time (P≤ 0.05)  for alt factors.
Preparation of rodenticide for (Sprague Dawley Rats Rattus rattus) from the residue of tin adsorption arriving to Zero Residue Level (ZRL)
Authors: Suadat Mustafa Mohammed Al- Hermizy
Published: April 2023

This paper is deal with study the potential of Banana Peel Residue (after extraction of Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) enzyme) to remove tin (Sn+2) ions from simulated synthesis aqueous solutions (SSAS) through various operating parameters using adsorption technique in sorption unit. Results show that the removal efficiency were 94.55% for tin ions from (SSAS) and the removal efficiency decreased with increasing of initial concentration, pH and SSAS flow rate while the removal efficiency increased with increasing packing height of adsorbent material and treatment time. The waste of banana peel residue (remaining after adsorbed tin) was predestined to investigate the utilization of it in useful method. It can prepare a cheap rodenticide from these BPR waste without any further treatment. The results explain that the BPR adsorb chromium ions showed a good behaviour as rodenticide for sprague dawley rats Rattus rattus. By this way it can perform different benefits which are: remove the chromium ions polluted the water, get rid of agricultural waste banana peel residue, in the same time, prepare a cheap and active rodenticide. It can discard more type of waste in a non-cost and eco-friendly method accessing to zero residue level (ZRL).