bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced depth imaging in swept-source optical coherence tomography: Improving visibility of choroid and sclera, a masked study
Authors: Weill Yishay , Brosh Koby , Levi Vineberg Tamar , Arieli Yoel , Caspi Avi , Potter Michael J , Zadok David , Hanhart Joel
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To compare enhanced depth imaging in swept-source optical coherence tomography and non–enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in their ability to capture choroidal and scleral details.

Methods

Averaged foveal B-Scans were obtained from 40 eyes of 20 healthy volunteers by swept-source optical coherence tomography with and without enhanced depth imaging. Visibility and contrast of vascular details within the choroid, choroidoscleral junction, and sclera were evaluated by masked readers using an ordinal scoring scale. Outcomes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test.

Results

Visibility of the choroidal vascular details ( Z = 5.94, p < .001), the choroidoscleral junction ( Z = 5.85, p < .001), and the sclera ( Z = 6.80, p < .001) was significantly higher with enhanced depth imaging than with non–enhanced depth imaging swept-source optical coherence tomography. Similarly, image contrast was significantly higher with enhanced depth imaging than with non–enhanced depth imaging swept-source optical coherence tomography for the choroidal vascular details ( Z = 9.47, p < .001), for the choroidoscleral junction ( Z = 9.28, p < .001), and for the sclera ( Z = 9.42, p < .001).

Conclusion

Enhanced depth imaging applied to swept-source optical coherence tomography–averaged foveal B-scans enhances visualization of the choroidal details, of the choroidoscleral junction, and of the sclera. This novel modality can easily be implemented in clinics and could improve our understanding of conditions involving the choroid or the sclera.
Clinical outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction versus advanced surface ablation in low myopia
Authors: Taneri Suphi , Kießler Saskia , Rost Anika , Schultz Tim , Dick H Burkhard
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

To compare the visual and refractive outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction and advanced surface ablation for low myopia or myopic astigmatism.

Methods:

Retrospective, observational case series of our first 50 consecutive small incision lenticule extraction patients compared to refraction-matched 50 advanced surface ablation treatments with attempted spherical equivalent correction ⩽−3.5 D, astigmatism ⩽−1.5 D, and corrected distance visual acuity of 1.0 (decimal scale) or better. Only one eye per patient was included.

Results:

Small incision lenticule extraction: mean attempted spherical equivalent correction was −2.80 ± 0.63 D. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 0.85 and 1.0 at days 1 and 5, respectively. At 3 months, mean spherical equivalent refraction was 0.02 ± 0.32 D (range: −0.5 to +0.75 D), mean cylinder was −0.24 ± 0.21 D (range: 0 to −0.75 D), mean uncorrected distance visual acuity was 1.27, mean efficacy index was 0.96, and mean safety index was 1.05. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was same or better than corrected distance visual acuity in 96%, astigmatism ⩽0.5 D in 98% and ⩽1 D in 100% of eyes, respectively. Advanced surface ablation: mean attempted spherical equivalent correction was −2.75 ± 0.5 D. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 0.72 and 0.61 at days 1 and 5, respectively. At 3 months, mean spherical equivalent refraction was 0.22 ± 0.32 D, mean cylinder was −0.27 ± 0.27 D, mean uncorrected distance visual acuity was 1.21, mean efficacy index was 1.03, and mean safety index was 1.08.

Conclusion:

Small incision lenticule extraction for low myopia was found to be safe and effective with outcomes at 3 months similar to those obtained with advanced surface ablation while offering a quicker visual recovery.
“I Always Knew I was a Little Girly”: The gendering of skills in management training
Authors: Blithe Sarah Jane
Published: July 2019

This article examines the ways in which popular management texts organize individual behavior in gendered ways at work. Taking the ‘Strengths’ program as an example of a popular management text that shapes action, the study finds that even though the text itself makes no explicit reference to gender, it (re)produces and encourages gendered behavior and perpetuates stereotypes about gender and skill. Based on textual analysis, auto-ethnographic accounts, and critical reflection of strengths-based corporate training sessions, the study concludes with a discussion about the ways that organizational texts are consumed through a gendered lens.
Intrathecal immunoglobulins and neurofilament light after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Larsson Diane , Åkerfeldt Torbjörn , Carlson Kristina , Burman Joachim
Published: July 2019

Background:

Oligoclonal bands (OCB) are widely believed to be stable over time and rarely affected by disease-modifying treatment in MS. It is presently unknown how intrathecal immunoglobulin production and other cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are impacted by a highly efficacious procedure such as autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT).

Objective:

To describe the evolution of intrathecal immunoglobulin and neurofilament light (NFL) over time in MS patients treated with aHSCT.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, available data from previously made CSF investigations in 46 patients treated with aHSCT were analysed.

Results:

After a median follow-up time of 745 days, immunoglobulin G (IgG) OCB remained detectable in 74% of patients, the proportion of patients with a pathological IgG index went down from 70% to 46%, and the proportion of patients with a pathological NFL went down from 72% to 24%. In patients with follow-up time >1500 days, IgG OCB were detectable in 50% of patients, 14% had a pathological IgG index and none a pathological NFL.

Conclusions:

Intrathecal immunoglobulin production and NFL were lower after treatment with aHSCT, decreased over time and were normalised in a significant portion of patients. This challenges the notion that OCB are unaffected by therapeutic intervention in MS.
Behaviour of cold-formed steel built-up battened columns composed of four lipped angles: Tests and numerical validation
Authors: Anbarasu M
Published: July 2019

This article mainly investigates the behaviour and strength of built-up battened box column composed of lipped angles under axial compression. Ten specimens were fabricated and tested under pinned with warping-restrained end condition including two different cross-section dimensions of columns with five different geometric lengths. Three material tensile coupon tests were conducted to obtain the material properties of the steel used for fabricating the test specimens. The overall initial geometric imperfections were measured. The plate slenderness, member slenderness, chord slenderness and slenderness of batten plates may affect the compression behaviour of cold-formed steel built-up battened box columns and were accordingly investigated. It was found that the chord slenderness significantly affects the compressive strength of the built-up columns. Test results, including the compression resistances, the load versus displacement responses and the deformed shapes were presented. The test strengths were compared with the design strengths predicted using the North American Specifications (AISI-S100:2016), EuroCode (EN1993-1-3:2006) and design equations proposed by EI Aghoury et al. The design strengths predictions by these two design standards were unconservative, with EI Aghoury et al.’s standard performing better. Finite-element models were developed and verified against the test results.
Predicting hospital mortality for intensive care unit patients: Time-series analysis
Authors: Awad Aya , Bader-El-Den Mohamed , McNicholas James , Briggs Jim , El-Sonbaty Yasser
Published: July 2019

Current mortality prediction models and scoring systems for intensive care unit patients are generally usable only after at least 24 or 48 h of admission, as some parameters are unclear at admission. However, some of the most relevant measurements are available shortly following admission. It is hypothesized that outcome prediction may be made using information available in the earliest phase of intensive care unit admission. This study aims to investigate how early hospital mortality can be predicted for intensive care unit patients. We conducted a thorough time-series analysis on the performance of different data mining methods during the first 48 h of intensive care unit admission. The results showed that the discrimination power of the machine-learning classification methods after 6 h of admission outperformed the main scoring systems used in intensive care medicine (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, Simplified Acute Physiology Score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) after 48 h of admission.
Marketing concepts can have a life of their own: Representation and pluralism in marketing concept analysis
Authors: Patsiaouras Georgios
Published: July 2019

The expansion and fragmentation of marketing theory has led to the introduction of a plethora of concepts, definitions and theoretical constructs over the last few decades. Subsequently, marketing scholars have been developing sophisticated concept analysis tools to alleviate the field’s terminological confusion and facilitate the process of theory development. Drawing inspiration from Tähtinen and Havila’s recent contribution in the area of marketing concept analysis, this think piece aims to critically explore the methodological and philosophical assumptions of systematic concept review methods, seeking to broaden the discussion around the politics and context of marketing theory development. I suggest that apart from the meticulous examination of the conceptual marketing language, marketing theorists can elaborate on how social processes, ideological viewpoints and institutional forces shape the development of marketing concepts. Finally, I provide recommendations on how the theoretical development of marketing language can embrace a fresh awareness towards cultural contexts, consumers and marketing practices that remain under-explored or marginalized in the literature.
An Introduction to Multilevel Regression and Post-Stratification for Estimating Constituency Opinion
Authors: Hanretty Chris
Published: July 2019

This article provides an overview of multilevel regression and post-stratification. It reviews the stages in estimating opinion for small areas, identifies circumstances in which multilevel regression and post-stratification can go wrong, or go right, and provides a worked example for the UK using publicly available data sources and a previously published post-stratification frame.
Arthroscopic Distal Scaphoid Resection for Scapho-Trapezium-Trapezoid Arthritis
Authors: Luchetti Riccardo , Atzei Andrea , Cozzolino Roberto
Published: July 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the technique of arthroscopic resection of the scaphoid head and evaluate both the clinical and radiographic results of scapho-trapezium-trapezoid osteoarthritis cases. Methods: Seventeen cases (13 men and 4 women) with a mean age of 57 years (24-74 years) were operated on from 2002 to 2015. Inclusion criteria were nontraumatic radial-sided wrist pain without improvement after 4 months of conservative treatment and positive radiographic images demonstrating the presence of osteoarthritis. All cases were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively using visual analog scale, wrist range of motion (ROM), grip strength, and patient’s work status (Mayo Wrist Score). Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) and Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) questionnaires were also administered. The technique consisted of performing a 3- to 4-mm round-shaped scaphoid head resection via arthroscopy while preserving the scaphotrapezial and scaphocapitate ligament insertions. Results: At an average follow-up of 24 months, all the patients were satisfied. The results showed statistically significant improvement in pain at rest ( P = .001), under maximal load ( P = .0001), and in Mayo Wrist Score (MWS) ( P = .0001). Wrist ROM, grip strength, DASH, and PRWHE showed an improvement without reaching statistical significance. The mean preoperative radiolunate (RL) X-ray measurement angle was 17° (–10° to 35°). The postoperative mean value was 25° (0°-45°). In the preoperative radiographic evaluation, 11 cases exceeded the “critical” 15° RL angle. At follow-up, the RL angle increased in 10 cases and remained unchanged in 7 cases. None of these cases became symptomatic. Transitory neurapraxia of the dorsal superficial branch of the radial nerve was observed in 1 case. Damage of the dorsal branch of the radial artery was immediately fixed. Conclusions: Arthroscopic resection of the distal portion of the scaphoid due to scapho-trapezium-trapezoid osteoarthritis demonstrated an effective and safe technique with less complications than open surgery.
Episodic Narrative Interview: Capturing Stories of Experience With a Methods Fusion
Authors: Mueller Robin Alison
Published: July 2019

Episodic narrative interview is an innovative, phenomenon-driven research method that was developed by integrating elements from several qualitative approaches in a methods fusion. Episodic narrative interview draws on critically oriented theoretical foundations and principles of experience-centered narrative and includes features from narrative inquiry, semistructured interview, and episodic interview. The purpose of episodic narrative interview is to better understand a phenomenon by generating individual stories of experience about that phenomenon. As such, an episodic narrative interview participant provides nested narrative accounts of their experiences with a social phenomenon, within the context of a bounded situation or episode. In this article, the author details the foundations of the episodic narrative interview approach and describes how the method is designed and implemented. The significance of episodic narrative interview is also explored, especially in terms of the ways in which it produces tightly focused, phenomenon-centered narratives that are reflective of particular bounded circumstances.
Towards a relational understanding of teacher autonomy: The role of trust for Canadian and Finnish teachers
Authors: Paradis Audrey , Lutovac Sonja , Jokikokko Katri , Kaasila Raimo
Published: July 2019

We argue that teacher autonomy should be conceptualised differently from its current form, that confines teacher autonomy to the individual, or to freedom from control. Here, we investigate the role of trust concerning teachers’ perceptions of their own autonomy, embedded in differing contexts and relations. To display contextual variations, we study qualitatively a sample of Canadian and Finnish upper-secondary school mathematics teachers. Our findings reveal that trust plays a decisive role in whether teachers feel autonomous or not, and that trust plays a central role in relationships teachers have at work. Furthermore, trust is articulated differently according to the teachers’ context. Based on our findings, we argue that a reconceptualisation of teacher autonomy is needed. A relational conceptualisation of teacher autonomy, highlights its inherent relationality and contextual sensitivity, provides new insight into the teachers’ work, and supports more empowering ways for teachers to exert a proactive influence on their autonomy.
Effects of Anthocyanins and Melatonin From Purple Waxy Corn By-Products on Collagen Production by Cultured Human Fibroblasts
Authors: Rimdusit Thithima , Thapphasaraphong Suthasinee , Puthongking Ploenthip , Priprem Aroonsri
Published: July 2019

Cob and silk of purple waxy corn ( Zea mays L. Ceratina Kulesh) are underutilized sources of anthocyanins, which could be extracted by various solvents: water, ethanol, methanol, 50% ethanol, and 50% methanol. Anthocyanin and melatonin levels were investigated. The quantifications of anthocyanins as cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, and peonidin-3-glucoside were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), and melatonin by HPLC-fluorescence. The ability of collagen production upon exposure to human skin fibroblasts from the different macerates of the cob and silk was also studied. All cob extracts showed higher level of anthocyanins than silk extracts. The 50% ethanol extract of cob showed the highest cyanidin-3-glucoside level at 2.42 ± 0.03 mg/g dried weight, whereas that of silk showed the highest content of cyanidin-3-glucoside at 1.95 ± 0.04 mg/g dried weight. Although cob extracts contained more anthocyanins than silk extracts, silk extracts could stimulate collagen production more than cob extracts. Therefore, the collagen production was likely due to the amount of melatonin in the silk extracts, which contained greater quantities than those of the cob, and the lipophilicity of melatonin or the hydrophilicity of anthocyanins also affected the ability of cell permeation. Thus, anthocyanins and melatonin levels should be considered for the biological activity study.
Association of Motivational Climate With Addictive Behaviors Depending on Type of Sport in University Students: Structural Equation Analysis
Authors: Chacón-Cuberos Ramón , Zurita-Ortega Félix , Ubago-Jiménez José Luis , González-Valero Gabriel , Castro-Sánchez Manuel
Published: July 2019

This research study aims at contrasting a structural model of the associations between the alcohol consumption, tobacco dependence, and the problematic use of video games with motivational climate toward sport depending on the category of sports practiced in a sample of Physical Education university students. The sample consisted of 775 university students from the Autonomous Community of Andalusia (Spain), aged between 21 and 35 (22.22 ± 3.76) years. The instruments used were the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and the Questionnaire of Experiences Related to Video Games (QERV) questionnaires. A path model that fitted properly in the multigroup analysis for both categories of sports was used, χ2 = 19.843; gl = 8; p = .011; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.911; normed fit index (NFI) = 0.903; incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.912; root mean square error approximation (RMSEA) = 0.085. An inverse association was shown between task climate and tobacco consumption in individual sports, being weaker in collective sports. This association is not significant for collective sports, but it is for individual sports for ego climate. However, a positive association was found between ego climate and the use of video games in individual sports, not being significant in the case of collective sports. The importance of promoting motivational climates oriented toward tasks that are based on the practice of collective sports is established, because they could act as protective factors against the development of addictive behavior in university students.
EMTReK: An Evidence-based Model for the Transfer & Exchange of Research Knowledge—Five Case Studies in Palliative Care
Authors: Payne Cathy , Brown Mary J. , Guerin Suzanne , Kernohan W. George
Published: July 2019

Knowledge transfer is recognized as a vital stage in evidence-informed nursing with several models available to guide the process. Although the main components commonly involve identification of messages, stakeholders, processes and contexts, the underpinning models remain largely unrefined and untested; and they need to be evaluated. We set out to explore the use of our “Evidence-based Model for Transfer & Exchange of Research Knowledge” (EMTReK) within palliative care research. Between January 2016 and May 2017, data were collected from five case studies which used the EMTReK model as a means to transfer knowledge relating to palliative care research, undertaken in Ireland. A qualitative approach was taken with thematic analysis of case documentation, semistructured interviews, and field notes from the case studies. Qualitative analysis supports the core components of EMTReK as a model of knowledge transfer and exchange in palliative care. Results focused upon identification of messages to be transferred to defined stakeholders through interactive processes that take account of context. Case study findings show how the model was interpreted and operationalized by participants and demonstrate its impact on knowledge transfer and exchange. Eight themes were drawn from the data: Credibility of the Model, Model Accessibility, Applicability to Palliative Care, A Matter of Timing, Positive Role of Facilitation, Required Resources, Enhancing Research Quality, Limitations or Areas for Further Consideration. Study participants found EMTReK to be a useful guide when making knowledge transfer plans. Success depended upon adequate facilitation and guidance. Further exploration of the model's utility is warranted.
Flexible Mental Models and Collective Wisdom Through Social Media: An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach
Authors: Bansal Mani , Vij A. K. , Nayyar Ruchi
Published: July 2019

Present study deals with the impact of social network technologies like email, web forums, chat rooms, wikis, and idea forums on individual mental models and collective wisdom. Theme of collective wisdom has been explored from a systemic perspective considering the parameters that help the organizations and their constituent groups to create and share knowledge, collectively reflect and find sustainable solutions to the problems. Role played by the social media and network technologies in connecting people; facilitating dialogue; knowledge sharing, flexibility and collaboration leading to improved mental models and collective wisdom has been studied in detail using an Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) approach.
Early prolonged ambulatory cardiac monitoring in stroke (EPACS): an open-label randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kaura Amit , Sztriha Laszlo , Chan Fong Kum , Aeron-Thomas John , Gall Nicholas , Piechowski-Jozwiak Bartlomiej , Teo James T.
Published: July 2019

Background

Cardioembolism in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is a preventable cause of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or ischaemic stroke; however, due to its transient nature, a short-duration Holter monitor may miss a significant proportion of events.

Methods

We conducted an open-label randomised controlled trial of cardiac monitoring after a TIA or ischaemic stroke comparing a 14-day ECG monitoring patch (Zio® Patch, iRhythm Technologies) with short-duration Holter monitoring for the detection of PAF. The primary outcome was the detection of one or more episodes of ECG-documented PAF lasting at least 30 s within 90 days in each of the study arms. A budget impact analysis from the healthcare perspective was performed.

Results

From February 2016 through February 2017, 43 (76.8%) of the 56 patients assigned to the patch-based monitoring group and 47 (78.3%) of the 60 patients assigned to short-duration Holter monitoring group had successful monitor placement with 90 days of follow-up. Of the 26 protocol failures between the two groups, 23 (88.5%) were due to patient refusal for outpatient short-duration ECG monitor placement, whilst only 1 (3.8%) was due unsuccessful ZioPatch placement. The rate of detection of PAF at 90 days was 16.3% in the patch-based monitoring group (seven patients) compared to 2.1% in the short-duration Holter monitoring group (1 patient), with an odds ratio of 8.9 (95% CI 1.1–76.0; P = 0.026). An economic model demonstrated that implementation of the Zio Patch service would result in 10.8 more strokes avoided per year compared to current practice with Holter monitoring with an associated yearly saving in direct medical costs of £113,630, increasing to £162,491 over 5 years.

Conclusions

Early, prolonged, patch-based monitoring after an index stroke or TIA is superior to short-duration Holter monitoring in the detection of PAF and likely cost-effective for preventing recurrent strokes.

Trial registrationhttp://www.isrctn.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN 50253271. Registered 21 January 2016
Effect of lifestyle, medication and ethnicity on cardiometabolic risk in the year following the first episode of psychosis: prospective cohort study
Authors: Gaughran Fiona , Stahl Daniel , Stringer Dominic , Hopkins David , Atakan Zerrin , Greenwood Kathryn , Patel Anita , Smith Shubulade , Gardner-Sood Poonam , Lally John , Heslin Margaret , Stubbs Brendon , Bonaccorso Stefania , Kolliakou Anna , Howes Oliver , Taylor David , Forti Marta Di , David Anthony S. , Murray Robin M. , Ismail Khalida ,   the IMPACT team
Published: July 2019

Background

The first episode of psychosis is a critical period in the emergence of cardiometabolic risk.

Aims

We set out to explore the influence of individual and lifestyle factors on cardiometabolic outcomes in early psychosis.

Method

This was a prospective cohort study of 293 UK adults presenting with first-episode psychosis investigating the influence of sociodemographics, lifestyle (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, substance use) and medication on cardiometabolic outcomes over the following 12 months.

Results

Rates of obesity and glucose dysregulation rose from 17.8% and 12%, respectively, at baseline to 23.7% and 23.7% at 1 year. Little change was seen over time in the 76.8% tobacco smoking rate or the quarter who were sedentary for over 10 h daily. We found no association between lifestyle at baseline or type of antipsychotic medication prescribed with either baseline or 1-year cardiometabolic outcomes. Median haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) rose by 3.3 mmol/mol in participants from Black and minority ethnic (BME) groups, with little change observed in their White counterparts. At 12 months, one-third of those with BME heritage exceeded the threshold for prediabetes (HbA1c>39 mmol/mol).

Conclusions

Unhealthy lifestyle choices are prevalent in early psychosis and cardiometabolic risk worsens over the next year, creating an important window for prevention. We found no evidence, however, that preventative strategies should be preferentially directed based on lifestyle habits. Further work is needed to determine whether clinical strategies should allow for differential patterns of emergence of cardiometabolic risk in people of different ethnicities.
Molecular Characterization and Clinical Outcomes of Primary Gleason Pattern 5 Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Isaacsson Velho Pedro , Lim David , Wang Hao , Park Jong Chul , Kaur Harsimar B. , Almutairi Fawaz , Carducci Michael A. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Markowski Mark C. , Isaacs William B. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Pritchard Colin C. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Lotan Tamara L.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Very high-risk prostate cancer (PC) is associated with poor response to local and systemic treatments; however, few cases have been molecularly profiled. We studied clinical outcomes and molecular profiles of patients with clinically localized primary Gleason pattern 5 PC.

Patients and Methods

Clinicopathologic features, targeted somatic and germline sequencing, and PTEN, TP53, and ERG status by immunohistochemistry were assessed in patients undergoing surgery from 2005 to 2015; 60 consecutive patients were identified with Gleason score 5 + 4 = 9 or 5 + 5 = 10 PC after radical prostatectomy with available tissue and clinical follow-up. Clinicopathologic and genomic parameters were correlated with biochemical relapse, metastasis-free survival, time to castration resistance, and overall survival using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Of patients with somatic sequencing data and clinical follow-up, 34% had DNA repair gene mutations, including 22% (11 of 49) with homologous recombination and 12% (six of 49) with mismatch repair gene alterations. Homologous recombination mutations were germline in 82% (nine of 11) of patients. In addition, 33% (16 of 49) had TP53 mutation, and 51% (29 of 57) had PTEN loss. Overall, 43% developed metastasis, with a time to castration resistance of 12 months. On multivariable analysis of clinicopathologic variables, only ductal/intraductal histology (hazard ratio, 4.43; 95% CI, 1.76 to 11.15; P = .002) and seminal vesicle invasion (hazard ratio, 5.14; 95% CI, 1.83 to 14.47; P = .002) were associated with metastasis. Among genomic alterations, only TP53 mutation and PTEN loss were associated with metastasis on univariable analysis, and neither remained significant in multivariable analyses. These data are retrospective and hypothesis generating.

Conclusion

Potentially actionable homologous recombination and mismatch repair alterations are observed in a significant proportion of patients with very high-risk PC at the time of radical prostatectomy. These findings could inform the design of prospective trials in this patient population.
Modelling the MYC-driven normal-to-tumour switch in breast cancer
Authors: Lourenco Corey , Kalkat Manpreet , Houlahan Kathleen E. , De Melo Jason , Longo Joseph , Done Susan J. , Boutros Paul C. , Penn Linda Z.
Published: July 2019

The potent MYC oncoprotein is deregulated in many human cancers, including breast carcinoma, and is associated with aggressive disease. To understand the mechanisms and vulnerabilities of MYC-driven breast cancer, we have generated an in vivo model that mimics human disease in response to MYC deregulation. MCF10A cells ectopically expressing a common breast cancer mutation in the phosphoinositide 3 kinase pathway (PIK3CAH1047R) led to the development of organised acinar structures in mice. Expressing both PIK3CAH1047R and deregulated MYC led to the development of invasive ductal carcinoma. Therefore, the deregulation of MYC expression in this setting creates a MYC-dependent normal-to-tumour switch that can be measured in vivo. These MYC-driven tumours exhibit classic hallmarks of human breast cancer at both the pathological and molecular level. Moreover, tumour growth is dependent upon sustained deregulated MYC expression, further demonstrating addiction to this potent oncogene and regulator of gene transcription. We therefore provide a MYC-dependent model of breast cancer, which can be used to assay in vivo tumour signalling pathways, proliferation and transformation from normal breast acini to invasive breast carcinoma. We anticipate that this novel MYC-driven transformation model will be a useful research tool to better understand the oncogenic function of MYC and for the identification of therapeutic vulnerabilities.
New hematologic populations at risk of invasive aspergillosis: focus on new targeted, biological, and cellular therapies
Authors: Girmenia Corrado
Published: July 2019

The introduction of new targeted, biological, and cellular therapies in patients with hematologic malignancies has improved the outcomes of patients but in parallel has changed the frequency and epidemiology of infections, including invasive aspergillosis (IA). In this article, recent literature on the epidemiology and clinical findings of IA in patients who have lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative diseases and are undergoing novel targeted treatment with kinase inhibitors, agents targeting cell surface antigens, chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells, and antibodies to immune checkpoint molecules is reviewed and the clinical impact of IA on the overall management of the underlying disease is discussed. Overall, IA represents a variable and uncommon complication in these populations, but given the increasing eligibility criteria of these novel treatments (particularly in patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies) and the prolonged periods of therapy, a considerable number of unusual cases of Aspergillus infections can be expected in clinical practice.
An audit of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: are current pathological techniques missing important abnormalities in the glomerular basement membrane?
Authors: Davis Justin , Tjipto Alwie , Hegerty Katharine , Mallett Andrew
Published: July 2019

Background:There is an increasing appreciation that variants of the collagen IV genes may be associated with the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). On electron microscopy, such variants may produce characteristic changes within the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). These changes may be missed if glomerular lesions histologically diagnosed as FSGS on light microscopy are not subjected to electron microscopy.

Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of all patients presenting to two hospitals who received a primary histological diagnosis of FSGS to see if these samples underwent subsequent electron microscopy. Each such sample was also scrutinised for the presence of characteristic changes of an underlying collagen IV disorder

Results:A total of 43 patients were identified. Of these, only 30 underwent electron microscopy. In two samples there were histological changes detected that might have suggested the underlying presence of a collagen IV disorder. Around one in three biopsy samples that had a histological diagnosis of FSGS were not subjected to electron microscopy.

Conclusion:Renal biopsy samples that have a histological diagnosis of primary FSGS not subjected to subsequent electron microscopy may potentially miss ultrastructural changes in the GBM that could signify an underlying collagen IV disorder as the patient’s underlying disease process. This could potentially affect both them and their families’ investigative and management decisions given potential for implications for transplant, heritability and different disease pathogenesis. This represents a gap in care which should be reflected upon and rectified via iterative standard care and unit-level quality assurance initiatives.
Understanding the uptake of a national retinopathy screening programme: An audit of patients with diabetes in two large primary care centres
Authors: Tracey Marsha , Racine Emmy , Riordan Fiona , McHugh Sheena M. , Kearney Patricia M.
Published: July 2019

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) affects 8.2% of the Irish population with type 2 diabetes over 50 years and is one of the leading causes of blindness among working-age adults. Regular diabetic retinopathy screening (DRS) can reduce the risk of sight loss. In 2013, the new national screening programme (RetinaScreen) was introduced in Ireland. Maximising DRS uptake (consent to participate in the programme and attendance once invited) is a priority, therefore it is important to identify characteristics which determine DRS uptake among those with diabetes in Ireland. We report uptake in an Irish primary care population during the initial phase of implementation of RetinaScreen and investigate factors which predict consenting to participate in the programme.

Methods:  In two primary care practices, data were extracted from records of people with diabetes (type 1 and type 2) aged ≥18 years who were eligible to participate in RetinaScreen between November 2013 and August 2015. Records were checked for a RetinaScreen letter. RetinaScreen were contacted to establish the status of those without a letter on file. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to examine associations between socio-demographic variables and consenting. Adjusted incident rate ratios (IRR) with 95% CI were generated as a measure of association.

Results: Of 722 people with diabetes, one fifth (n=141) were not registered with RetinaScreen. Of 582 who were registered, 63% (n=365) had participated in screening. Most people who consented subsequently attended (n=365/382, 96%). People who had attended another retinopathy screening service were less likely to consent (IRR 0.65 [95%CI 0.5-0.8]; p<0.001). Other predictors were not significantly associated with consent.

Conclusions: Over one third of people eligible to participate in RetinaScreen had not consented. Research is needed to understand barriers and enablers of DRS uptake in the Irish context. Implementing strategies to improve DRS uptake (consent and attendance) should be a priority.
A história como pesadelo: a representação alegórica da Argentina peronista no romance El examen (1950) de Julio Cortázar
Authors: De Souza Rafael Vaz
Published: July 2019

Entre os anos 1945 e 1955, os argentinos viveram sob o governo de Juan Domingo Perón, período que ficaria conhecido como a “Década Peronista”. Nesta, práticas autoritárias e demagógicas conviveram com significativas mudanças na estrutura política do país, sendo a participação das massas populares nos comícios organizados pela máquina estatal o seu maior símbolo. Neste artigo, procuraremos ver como a literatura argentina, majoritariamente um produto das classes médias de Buenos Aires contrárias ao governo, internalizou os debates de sua época e construiu uma representação própria do regime peronista. Para isto, analisaremos o romance El examen (1950), de Julio Cortázar, de escrita contemporânea ao fervor dos anos peronistas e que os representa de maneira alegórica e sob o signo do pesadelo.
Do Ipês à Polícia – obra de Rubem Fonseca durante a redemocratização
Authors: Lísias Ricardo
Published: July 2019

Sociólogos que se debruçaram sobre o período final da última ditadura militar, conhecido como redemocratização, observaram que a narrativa da “violência urbana” começou a aparecer com cada vez mais força no discurso político da população. O medo do terrorismo, incutido pelos ideólogos do regime militar, estava sendo substituído por outro, o receio de que a bandidagem se tornava cada vez mais ameaçadora. Alguns ficcionistas colaboraram para o crescimento e a fixação desse novo medo. Esse ensaio procura apresentar o papel nessa transformação de um dos principais autores do período: Rubem Fonseca.
Health professionals' lack of knowledge of central venous access devices: the impact on patients
Authors: Kelly Linda J , Snowden Austyn , Paterson Ruth , Campbell Karen
Published: July 2019

Background:

the literature on the patient experience of living with a central venous access device (CVAD) is growing, but remains sparse. It suggests that patients accept having a CVAD as it should reduce episodes of repeated cannulations. However, a recent doctoral study found the reality did not live up to this hope.

Aim:

the study objective was to uncover the global, cross-disease experience of patients with CVADs.

Method:

an online survey was sent to an international sample of people living with CVADs.

Findings:

74 people from eight countries responded. Respondents corroborated the PhD findings: painful cannulation attempts continued after CVAD insertion because of a lack of clinical knowledge. Participants lost trust in clinicians and feared complications due to poor practice.

Conclusion:

clinicians often lack the necessary skills to care and maintain CVADs. This leads to a negative patient experience.
Are health hubs the future?
Authors: Jackson Ian
Published: July 2019

A new report, Fit For The Future, states that GP practices will need to evolve into ‘wellbeing hubs’ to meet patients' primary healthcare needs. Ian Jackson looks at what this means for GP surgeries, and what needs to change
Feeling real and rehearsal for reality: psychosocial aspects of ‘forum theatre’ in care settings and prisons
Authors: Froggett Lynn , Kelly-Corless Laura , Manley Julian
Published: July 2019

This article discusses psychosocial aspects of a short drama module, drawing on observational research into the adaptation of ‘forum theatre’ by Odd Arts theatre company for people in educational, care and custodial settings. The course facilitated the enactment of life experiences and choices, enhancing self-awareness and reflective capacity. The drama space is considered as ‘third space’, and a transitional space, where participants play with creative illusion in what Augusto Boal called a ‘rehearsal for reality’. We argue that the use of third-space and third-position thinking is key to understanding forum theatre as a restorative practice both through rehearsal and in ‘playing for real’ before an audience – a symbolic community that offers the opportunity for recognition. Problems attendant on the performance of ‘false self’ arise where there is collusive avoidance of difficult issues because the value of forum theatre lies in the achievement of authorship and authenticity – or ‘true self’ – publicly performed and owned. It is this that allows individuals to imagine the possibility of creative living in the future.
Abjection, identity and the enigmatic message: embodied meanings and social constructions
Authors: Charles Marilyn
Published: July 2019

Identity is built upon the early interactions with caretakers through whom we internalize a felt-sense of what it means to be ourselves, including values and judgments that have been passed along the generations. Psychoanalytic theory and the attachment literature help us to understand some of the more subversive elements of that transmission process, ways in which unprocessed trauma and unresolved mourning provides a vehicle for passing along positive and negative aspects of personal, familial and cultural aspects of identity across the generations. Because that transmission process directly impacts ways in which oppression and marginalization skew meanings for future generations, it is important that we consciously recognize and work with the projective processes as they play out in our children and in ourselves. In this paper, I discuss ways in which projection and unprocessed shame can inhibit the type of active reflection required for ethical behavior and democratic process.
Psychosocial studies with psychoanalysis
Authors: Frosh Stephen
Published: July 2019

Psychosocial studies is methodologically and theoretically diverse, drawing on a wide range of intellectual resources. However, psychoanalysis has often taken a privileged position within this diversity, because of its well-developed conceptual vocabulary that can be put to use to theorise the psychosocial subject. Its practices have become a model for some aspects of psychosocial work, especially in relation to its focus on intense study of individuals, its explicit engagement with ethical relations, and its traversing of disciplinary boundaries across the arts, humanities and social sciences.

This article begins with a brief description of some principles of psychosocial thinking, including its transdisciplinarity and criticality and its interest in ethics and in reflexivity. It then explores the place of psychoanalysis in this genealogy, presenting the case for psychoanalysis’ continuing contribution to the development of psychosocial studies. It is argued that this case is a strong one, but that the critique of psychoanalysis from the discursive, postcolonial, feminist and queer perspectives that are also found in psychosocial studies is important. The claim will be made that the engagement between psychoanalysis and its psychosocial critics is fundamentally productive. Even though it generates real tensions, these tensions are necessary and significant, reflecting genuine struggles over how best to understand the socially constructed human subject.
A Cacophony of Signals: Woodpecker Sexbots, Squirrel NORAD, and Other Robotic Systems
Authors: Ingram Ian
Published: July 2019

This article discusses the author’s robotic artworks, which consider the human-made body's future as a willful entity and the nature of communication. The robots use computer vision or sound signal processing to search the world for the signals of target species and then attempt to respond through similar gestural and audible signalling. The robots are trying to communicate with the animals and, in part, allow human communion with those animals in ways that human bodies and umwelts don't allow. That human narrative stamps itself heavily onto the projects is confirmed by these becoming things like a hermaphroditic sexbot for Pileated Woodpeckers and a NORAD equivalent for Grey Squirrels.
Preindividuation, Individuation, and Bacteria: Revisiting Gilbert Simondon’s Philosophy through the Hologenome
Authors: Terranova Charissa N.
Published: July 2019

This essay implicitly broaches the question of how science and philosophy—microbiology and metaphysics—work together, reinforcing one another. Its explicit focus is the work of French philosopher Gilbert Simondon, his idea of individuation, and the growing information about bacteria, our multiple microbiomes, and their manifold genomes. The argument that twenty-first century understandings of the personal self must include the microbiome as well as the mind has implications for interspecies communication. The author explores the biological facts that corroborate Simondon’s materialist metaphysics of individuation, rethinking the evolutionary individual and the fundamental place given to competition within Darwinian evolution and placing what she terms a “biotechnical evolutionary individual” at the core of Simondon’s philosophy of individuation.
Elvira Santamaria, Salt Cartographies II
Authors: Mancini Matthew
Published: July 2019

Elvira Santamaria, Salt Cartographies II Sur Gallery and 7a11*d International Festival of Performance Art, Toronto October 3 – 5, 2018
Mixing It Up: Primates, Robots, and Other Relations
Authors: Tromble Meredith , Forster Deborah , Mayeri Rachel
Published: July 2019

A conversation about their work and collaboration with scientist Deborah Forster and artist Rachel Mayeri, covering their meeting, Forster’s field research with baboons, Mayeri’s Primate Cinema series of video installations, and their experiences with interspecies communication, concluding with a discussion of Forster’s work in animal FACS and robotics.
Contextualizando o Sistema Único de Saúde e o processo comunicativo
Authors: Xavier Júnior Antonio Fernando Silva
Published: July 2019

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Estudos sobre a operacionalização da universalidade no Sistema Único de Saúde: uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura
Authors: Siqueira Carla Tadeia da Silva , Ferreira Eliane José , Santos Silvania Lira dos , Carnut Leonardo
Published: July 2019

Objetivou-se revisar a literatura científica sobre o princípio da universalidade no Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS e sua operacionalização. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura acessando a base de dados da BIREME (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde). Foram identificados 29 estudos. Destes, foram selecionados 04 artigos que contemplavam o tema em questão. Os resultados evidenciados nesta revisão afirmaram que a literatura sobre o assunto é escassa, porém dentro destes estudos percebe-se que os usuários do SUS têm pleno conhecimento ao princípio de universalidade em termos práticos. Percebeu-se que a universalidade no SUS carece de mais interesse da comunidade política, no entanto alguns estudos já denunciam algumas lacunas na operacionalização deste princípio como mercadorização da saúde, a crise econômica do capitalismo global e a pouca capacidade de barganha da clientela SUS.
Novas competências na atuação dos enfermeiros no mundo globalizado
Authors: Malagatti William
Published: July 2019

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