bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of the system of antioxidant protection and lipid peroxidation in microangiopathies against type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Savitsky I. , Gritsan I. , Sarakhan V. , Sirman Ya. , Preys N.
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the AOР and LPО system in animals simulated complications of the microcirculatory tract (diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy) on the background of type 2 diabetes. It was found that in the group of animals with type 2 diabetes increased the level of DC, TBCproducts and MDA; catalase and FG levels decreased. In animals with simulated DN, AOP disorders were more pronounced compared to animals with DR. This trend can be explained by the fact that in addition to hyperglycemia in these animals, the excessive formation of free radicals contributes to metabolic shifts in ischemic areas of tissues and organs. Disturbance of balance in AOP and LPO in type 2 diabetes triggers a pathogenetic cascade of development of complications of the microcirculatory tract and is accompanied by a tendency to further increase the generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of POL in microangiopathies.
Heidegger: redução fenomenológica e analítica existencial
Authors: Marques Junior Celso
Published: December 2022

O artigo investiga a relação existente entre as filosofias de Martin Heidegger e Edmund Husserl a partir do traço cartesiano identificado na fenomenologia. Após revisitar a descrição husserliana do período transcendental de sua filosofia e analisar sua relação com o pensamento de Descartes, expõe-se a crítica que Heidegger dirige ao projeto fenomenológico em suas preleções de Marburg e busca-se compreender de que maneira a crítica mesma, novamente permeada pelas teses cartesianas, apresenta um caminho para a constituição da ontologia fundamental, cuja forma maturada se encontrará em Ser e Tempo.
Editorial Vol. 11 N. 2
Authors: Barroso Gabriel Lago de Sousa
Published: December 2022

Dossiê "Novas perspectivas da fenomenologia"Português [PT]Español [ESP]English [ENG]
Viriato e as Guerras Lusitanas: a construção de uma heroicidade
Authors: De Souza Ricardo Luiz
Published: December 2022

Desde a antiguidade, a Península Ibérica sempre foi uma área muito almejada. Assim, gregos, cartagineses e, por último, os romanos, buscaram o seu controle ao longo da História.  Após a derrota de Cartago, boa parte da Antiga Península Ibérica, ficou sob o comando de Roma, sendo posteriormente organizado em duas províncias:  Hispania Citerior e Ulterior. A chegada das legiões romanas, alteraria profundamente o cotidiano dos mais variados povos peninsulares, levando muitos a pegar em armas contra o invasor, em guerras travadas sob o ritmo da prática de emboscadas e guerrilhas. Nesse ínterim, destacam-se as chamadas Guerras Lusitanas (155-139 a.C), conflito violento e decisivo, que nos trouxe a figura do chefe militar que infligiu pesadas derrotas aos exércitos romanos: o chefe militar Viriato, personagem que ainda nos dias de hoje traz uma certa heroicidade em sua figura.
A fúria de Pedro Eiras: três aproximações
Authors: Coutinho Ana Paula
Published: December 2022

O que poderá leva um poeta a dialogar, nos dias de hoje eabertamentes, com a (con)sagrada obra A Divina Comédia de Dante, um dos autores com quem, segundo HaroldBloom, os escritores contemporâneos não gostariam de concorrer.  Ora, Pedro Eiras, autor com provas já dadas em diversos registos discursivos, do ensaio, à ficção e a o teatro, foi justamente  comamagnus opus de Dante que dialogou ao estrear-se como poeta, em 2020, com o livro intitulado Inferno, a que se seguiram nos dois anos seguintes, os livros Purgatório e Paraíso, respectivamente. A leitura que proponho dessa trilogia poética visa evidenciar como ela convoca alguns aspectos estruturais da Commedia de Dante, num gesto de atualização da viagem iniciática e das personagens que lhe subjazem, mas para logo se desviar do sentido teológico e teleológico da peregrinação interior do poeta italiano, destronando o seu princípio de esperança messiânica em nome de uma intensa atenção com o mundo presente.  Nesse sentido, julgo que a trilogia de Pedro Eiras acaba por representar também um confronto agónico e duplo - com Dante e com Bloom - não em nome de uma supremacia estética, mas da afirmação inequívoca de um compromisso entre estética e ética.
Use a wrap instead: using compression wraps in lymphoedema and venous disease
Authors: Payne Drew
Published: December 2022

Lymphoedema is more than ‘swollen legs’; it is an unpleasant condition that affects approximately 260 000 people in the UK. This article briefly looks at what the lymphatic system is and what lymphoedema is. It then looks at compression wraps and argues for wider use with patients, as they can promote self-care in patients.
Exploring community nurses' views on the implementation of a local Weight Management Pathway
Authors: Hinks Sophie Rose
Published: December 2022

This research explores the views of community nurses on the implementation of a local Weight Management Pathway (WMP). WMP's are a recognised tool used to reduce levels of excess weight and obesity and are recommended by both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), yet locally there is no WMP in place. A qualitative interpretative phenomenological approach was employed and a focus group of community nursing staff was conducted. The data was then thematically analysed with the use of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Participants acknowledged the lack of a current WMP, the potential benefits of a local WMP as well as the need for training in the use of the tool. They also identified potential barriers to its implementation such as the sensitivity of the subject, a lack of staff knowledge, patient's willingness to change and communication systems.
The relationship between satisfaction with care and quality of life among family caregivers of of patients living with terminal cancer in general wards: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Morishita-Kawahara Miki , Koike Kazuhiko , Kawahara Takuya , Kamibeppu Kiyoko
Published: December 2022

Background:

Family caregivers of terminal cancer patients have reported experiencing low quality of life (QOL). Satisfaction with care has gained attention as a factor that correlates with QOL.

Aim:

To examine the relationship between ‘satisfaction with care’ and QOL of family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer.

Methods:

The study used a cross-sectional design and included family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer in general wards. The authors assessed family caregivers’ QOL using the caregiver quality of life index-cancer; a multivariable regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with QOL.

Findings:

A total of 51 family caregivers enrolled in the study. Their satisfaction with care and the months since their initial diagnosis were positively associated with a more positive QOL.

Conclusion:

Satisfaction with care is correlated with QOL among family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer in general wards. Enhancing family caregivers’ satisfaction with care may contribute to improving their QOL.
Anaesthesia in small rodents
Authors: Blake Caroline , Pellett Sarah
Published: December 2022

Anaesthesia in rodents comes with a higher risk than in cats and dogs and is generally feared and avoided. This article concentrates on anaesthesia in the smaller species seen commonly in general practice such as mice, rats, hamsters, and gerbils. To ensure the safety of the animal and the efficacy of the anaesthesia certain considerations and techniques should be implemented and veterinary nurses should familiarise themselves with the process when dealing with these small mammals.
Nitrogen dioxide detection using tandem integrating spheres as a gas absorption cell based on gas absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Xiaomeng , Xia Guo , Wang Yixin , Zhou Shihao , Li Yanduo , Fang Fan
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a nitrogen dioxide detection device based on gas absorption spectroscopy by connecting two integrating spheres as a gas cell, observing the feasibility of the tandem integrating spheres as a gas cell, and taking a single integrating sphere as a gas cell for comparison experiments. Theoretical knowledge of the effective path length of tandem integrating spheres was established, and the theoretical derivation was further verified by experiments investigating the relationship between absorbance and gas concentration. This work makes it possible to develop a gas sensor that can reduce the volume of the gas cell and keep the effective optical path length unreduced.
Coloration mechanism in gasochromic thin films through the analysis of a complex refractive index
Authors: Mazur Michał , Domaradzki Jarosław , Jędrzejak Tomasz , Wojcieszak Damian
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the dispersion of a complex refractive index is investigated and proposed as a way to analyze the change of the optical properties of gasochromic material under the influence of diluted hydrogen (3.5%

H

2

in Ar) as an active volatile medium. Therefore, a tungsten trioxide thin film and an additional platinum catalyst were deposited by electron beam evaporation and used as a prototype material. Based on experimental verification, it is shown that the proposed method allows one to explain the reasons for the observed changes in the transparency in such materials.
Adaptive dynamic analysis-based optical coherence tomography angiography for blood vessel projection artifact suppression
Authors: Zhou Junxiong , Li Yuntao , Tang Jianbo
Published: December 2022

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for blood vessel 3-D structure imaging suffers from blood vessel projection artifacts/tail artifacts when using a long decorrelation time (e.g., repeat B-scan acquisition in regular OCTA) or loss of micro vessel signal when using a short decorrelation time. In this work, we developed an adaptive first-order field autocorrelation function (g1) analysis-based technique to suppress the projection artifacts under macro vessels while enhancing the dynamic signal of micro vessels. The proposed method is based on the differences of the decorrelation rate and the phase variations of g1 between the vessel voxels and the artifacts regions. A short or long decorrelation time was applied to obtain the dynamic index of the projection artifacts region or the blood vessel region, respectively. Compared to the slab subtraction-based post-image processing-based techniques, the proposed approach addresses this problem on a physical basis and shows the ability to suppress the projection artifacts while enhancing the detection of the micro vessels.
Ultra-high-Q substrate-mode coupled resonances in complementary THz metamaterial
Authors: Ben-Atar Kobi , Han Zhengli , Frydendahl Christian , Mazurski Noa , Han Zhanghua , Levy Uriel
Published: December 2022

Achieving high-Q resonances in the THz frequency range is significant for applications such as sensors, filters, and emitters. A promising approach for obtaining such resonances is by using metamaterials. However, high-Q resonances in THz metamaterials are usually limited by metallic radiation losses in the meta-atoms. In this Letter, we investigate both experimentally and numerically a complementary metallic disk-hole array (CMA) that uses the coupling between lattice resonances and Fabry–Pérot cavity resonances, and features in-substrate modes with experimentally obtained record breaking Q-factors of up to 750. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest quality factor measured for free-space-coupled metallic metamaterial structure at THz frequencies.
Ten simple rules for failing successfully in academia
Authors: Gaillard Stefan , van Viegen Tara , Veldsman Michele , Stefan Melanie I. , Cheplygina Veronika
Published: December 2022

Failure is an integral part of life and by extension academia. At the same time, failure is often ignored, with potentially negative consequences both for the science and the scientists involved. This article provides several strategies for learning from and dealing with failure instead of ignoring it. Hopefully, our recommendations are widely applicable, while still taking into account individual differences between academics. These simple rules allow academics to further develop their own strategies for failing successfully in academia.
Loss of growth differentiation factor 9 causes an arrest of early folliculogenesis in zebrafish–A novel insight into its action mechanism
Authors: Chen Weiting , Zhai Yue , Zhu Bo , Wu Kun , Fan Yuqin , Zhou Xianqing , Liu Lin , Ge Wei
Published: December 2022

Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) was the first oocyte-specific growth factor identified; however, most information about GDF9 functions comes from studies in the mouse model. In this study, we created a mutant for Gdf9 gene (gdf9-/-) in zebrafish using TALEN approach. The loss of Gdf9 caused a complete arrest of follicle development at primary growth (PG) stage. These follicles eventually degenerated, and all mutant females gradually changed to males through sex reversal, which could be prevented by mutation of the male-promoting gene dmrt1. Interestingly, the phenotypes of gdf9-/- could be rescued by simultaneous mutation of inhibin α (inha-/-) but not estradiol treatment, suggesting a potential role for the activin-inhibin system or its signaling pathway in Gdf9 actions. In gdf9-null follicles, the expression of activin βAa (inhbaa), but not βAb (inhbab) and βB (inhbb), decreased dramatically; however, its expression rebounded in the double mutant (gdf9-/-;inha-/-). These results indicate clearly that the activation of PG follicles to enter the secondary growth (SG) requires intrinsic factors from the oocyte, such as Gdf9, which in turn works on the neighboring follicle cells to trigger follicle activation, probably involving activins. In addition, our data also support the view that estrogens are not involved in follicle activation as recently reported.
Seroprevalence of human brucellosis in selected sites of Central Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Getahun Temesgen Kassa , Urge Beksisa , Mamo Gezahegn
Published: December 2022

Brucellosis is one of the most neglected zoonotic diseases in the world. It affects all age groups and both sexes. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to May 2020 to estimate the seroprevalence and assess the potential risk factors of brucellosis among dairy cow owners and dairy farmworkers, and assess their knowledge, attitudes, and practices in selected sites in the central highlands of Oromia, Ethiopia. A structured interview question was administered to 284 respondents, and only 166 of them volunteered to give a blood sample. Most respondents had limited knowledge of brucellosis (93.3%), zoonotic diseases transmitted by handling animal delivery (88%), and consuming raw milk and other animal products (90.0%). Accordingly, 149 blood samples from animal owners and 17 farmworkers were collected for serological testing. The serum samples collected were initially screened using the Rose Bengal Plate test, and the Complement Fixation test was used as a confirmatory test. The overall seroprevalence of zoonotic brucellosis was 1.2% (95%CI: 0.32–4.27). There was a statistically significant association of human brucellosis with human housing (OR = 1.8, p = 0.002), contact with aborted fetus (OR = 21.19, p = 0.017), drinking raw milk from non-aborted (OR = 24.99, p = 0.012), aborted (OR = 5.72, 0.019), and retained fetal membrane (OR = 4.22, p = 0.029) cows. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the seroprevalence of brucellosis in the study area was low. Public awareness among animal owners, farm and animal health workers on the transmission and health hazards of brucellosis needs to be addressed through community training. Implementing one health approach between veterinary and medical health professionals must be strengthened.
Prioritization of carceral spending in U.S. cities: Development of the Carceral Resource Index (CRI) and the role of race and income inequality
Authors: Skaathun Britt , Maviglia Francesca , Vo Anh , McBride Allison , Seymour Sarah , Mendez Sebastian , Gonsalves Gregg , Beletsky Leo
Published: December 2022

Background

Policing, corrections, and other carceral institutions are under scrutiny for driving health harms, while receiving disproportionate resources at the expense of prevention and other services. Amidst renewed interest in structural determinants of health, roles of race and class in shaping government investment priorities are poorly understood.

Methods

Based on the Social Conflict Model, we assessed relationships between city racial/ economic profiles measured by the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) and budgetary priorities measured by the novel Carceral Resource Index (CRI), contrasting investments in carceral systems with funding for health and social support across the 50 most populous cities in the United States (U.S.). Bivariate correlations, and unadjusted and adjusted polynomial regression models were used to assess the relationship between budgetary investments and population concentration at extremes in terms of income, racial/ethnic composition, and education, controlling for other demographic characteristics.

Results

In our sample, median CRI was -0.59 (IQR -0.64, -0.45), with only seven cities exhibiting positive CRI values. This indicates that most large U.S. cities spend more on carceral systems than on health and supportive services, combined. Adjusted polynomial models showed a convex relationship between the CRI and ICE-Education, and ICE-Race(White vs. Black)+Income, with quadratic terms that were positive and significant at p<0.05. After controlling for age, the strongest prioritization of carceral systems was observed in cities where the proportion of low-income Black residents approached or exceeded that of high-income white residents.

Conclusions

Municipal prioritization of carceral investments over health and social support is pervasive in the U.S and exacerbated by racial and economic disparities. The CRI offers new opportunities to understand the role of government investments as a structural determinant of health and safety. Longitudinal research is warranted to examine the relationship between budget priorities, structural racism, and health outcomes.
Empathy as a silent art–A doctor´s daily balancing act: A qualitative study of senior doctors’ experiences of empathy
Authors: von Knorring Johanna , Lehti Arja , Fahlström Martin , Semb Olof
Published: December 2022

Empathy in the doctor-patient relationship is of great importance and has long been considered a true professional virtue for doctors. Despite the general agreement concerning the importance of empathy, there is no consensus regarding the definition of empathy in medical research. While several quantitative studies, measuring empathy as an individual trait, show a decline in empathy among medical students, other studies have shown that empathy is influenced by contextual factors as well as the availability of role models. Therefore, further studies about the transition from medical school to clinical work also including the perspective of senior doctors are needed. The study presented in this article aims to better understand the clinical conditions for empathy through interviews with senior doctors about their lived experience of empathy. Twelve senior doctors, from different specialities were interviewed using a semi-structured approach. The data was analysed using content analysis. The analysis resulted in the main theme: Empathy as a silent art–a doctor`s daily balancing act. This main theme comprised three categories: “A tacit, yet language-dependent process”, “A daily balancing act” and “An unsupported path towards mastery”. Doctors face many challenges in their daily balancing act between individual and structural conditions that may affect empathy. In order to maintain and further develop empathy, doctors need working conditions allowing for collegial reflection and conversations that promote empathy.
Neuromuscular blockade in mechanically ventilated pneumonia patients with moderate to severe hypoxemia: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Baek Moon Seong , Kim Jong Ho , Lim Yaeji , Kwon Young Suk
Published: December 2022

Background/Purpose

The benefit of neuromuscular blockades (NMBs) in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation remains uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether NMB use is associated with improved survival of mechanically ventilated pneumonia patients with moderate to severe hypoxemia.

Methods

This retrospective multicenter study was conducted at five university-affiliated hospitals. Data of pneumonia patients aged 18 years and older who received mechanical ventilation between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2020, were analyzed.

Results

In a total of 1,130 patients, the mean patient age was 73.1 years (SD±12.6), and the overall mortality rate at 30 d was 29.5% (n = 333). NMB users had a higher 30 d mortality rate than NMB nonusers (33.9% vs. 26.8%, P = 0.014). After PS matching, the 30 d mortality rate was not significantly different between NMB users and nonusers (33.4% vs. 27.8%, p = 0.089). However, 90 d mortality rate was significantly increased in NMB users (39.7% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.021). Univariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses showed that NMB use ≥ 3 d was significant risk factor for the 90 d mortality than those with < 3 d use (90 d mortality HR 1.39 [95% CI: 1.01–1.91], P = 0.045).

Conclusions

NMB use was not associated with lower 30 d mortality among mechanically ventilated pneumonia patients with moderate to severe hypoxemia. Rather, NMB users had higher 90 d mortality, furthermore, and NMB use ≥ 3 d was associated with a higher risk of long-term mortality compared to NMB use < 3 d. Therefore, care should be taken to avoid extended use of NMB in critically ill pneumonia patients during mechanical ventilation.
A genetic correlation and bivariate genome-wide association study of grip strength and depression
Authors: Zhang Tianhao , Ji Lujun , Luo Jia , Wang Weijing , Tian Xiaocao , Duan Haiping , Xu Chunsheng , Zhang Dongfeng
Published: December 2022

Grip strength is an important biomarker reflecting muscle strength, and depression is a psychiatric disorder all over the world. Several studies found a significant inverse association between grip strength and depression, and there is also evidence for common physiological mechanisms between them. We used twin data from Qingdao, China to calculate genetic correlations, and we performed a bivariate GWAS to explore potential SNPs, genes, and pathways in common between grip strength and depression. 139 pairs of Dizygotic twins were used for bivariate GWAS. VEAGSE2 and PASCAL software were used for gene-based analysis and pathway enrichment analysis, respectively. And the resulting SNPs were subjected to eQTL analysis and pleiotropy analysis. The genetic correlation coefficient between grip strength and depression was -0.41 (-0.96, -0.15). In SNP-based analysis, 7 SNPs exceeded the genome-wide significance level (P<5×10−8) and a total of 336 SNPs reached the level of suggestive significance (P<1×10−5). Gene-based analysis and pathway-based analysis identified genes and pathways related to muscle strength and the nervous system. The results of eQTL analysis were mainly enriched in tissues such as the brain, thyroid, and skeletal muscle. Pleiotropy analysis shows that 9 of the 15 top SNPs were associated with both grip strength and depression. In conclusion, this bivariate GWAS identified potentially common pleiotropic SNPs, genes, and pathways in grip strength and depression.
Street mothers’ well-being and motivation to leave street life in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia: A phenomenological study
Authors: Nigatu Dabere , Tsega Gebeyehu , Birhanu Shiferaw , Workineh Yinager , Tadele Christian , Ambaw Fentie
Published: December 2022

Background

Being-street mother is a challenging life situation for both the mothers and their children. However, the lived experiences of motherhood in street families are not explored very well in Ethiopia in general. Hence, this study explored street mothers’ well-being, perception of street life, and motivation to leave street life in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia.

Methods

A phenomenological study was conducted on 10 street mothers from July 13, 2021 to July 17, 2021. The mothers were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using face-to-face in-depth interview method. Data were analyzed using framework approach.

Results

Four themes emerged from the data: well-being of mothers and their children with four subthemes (physical, social, mental, and spiritual wellbeing), perception of street life, motivations to leave street life and efforts to end street life. Nearly all of the street mothers perceived that living on the street was terrible for them and their kids. They described it as an absolutely revolting, bitter, awful, horrible, and difficult life. Generally, street mothers had the motivation to leave street life, but only some had exerted tangible efforts to end the street life.

Conclusion

Street mothers had a very poor status in almost all dimensions of well-being. The perception of mother about their street life was negative. The mothers had strong motivation to end street life but were unable to make strong tangible efforts showing that they need assistance mechanisms before they change to street extended families under misery.
Socio-demographic characteristics and their relation to medical service consumption among elderly in Israel during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019
Authors: Shaked Ohad , Korn Liat , Shapiro Yair , Koren Gideon , Zigdon Avi
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the isolation of the population in Israel, including the elderly. The present study aimed to compare the consumption of medical services among adults over the age of 65 in Israel at the time of the first COVID-19 lockdown relative to the corresponding period the year before.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective longitudinal observational quantitative research based on the Natali Healthcare Solutions Israel database of subscribers. Company subscribers over the age of 65 (N = 103,955) were included in the sample (64.5% women) in two time periods, before the COVID-19 outbreak-P1, in 2019, and during the first COVID-19 lockdown- P2 in 2020. Logistic regression was applied to examine service consumption for study variables.

Results

The average number of referrals to services was lower during the COVID-19 lockdown period (M = 0.3658, SD = 0.781) compared to the corresponding period in the previous year (M = 0.5402, SD = 0.935). The average number of ambulance orders, doctor home visits and service refusals were higher when compared to the same period in the previous year. During both time periods, women (P1- M = 0.5631, SD = 0.951; P2- M = 0.3846, SD = 0.800) required significantly more (p < .000) services than men (P1- M = 0.5114, SD = 0.910; P2- M = 0.3417, SD = 0.753). Older, widowed people, living in non-Jewish/mixed localities, or in average or below average socioeconomic status localities required relatively more services to those with opposite socio-demographic traits (p < .000).

Summary and conclusions

In a large sample of elderly in Israel, findings indicate a decrease in referrals to medical care during the first COVID-19 lockdown period, yet an increase in ambulance orders, doctor visits and service refusals. Socio-demographic characteristics showed a similar effect in both time periods. The period of the first COVID-19 lockdown was characterized by a higher incidence of medical service refusals as compared to the equivalent period in the previous year.
Determinants of long-term opioid use in hospitalized patients
Authors: Kurteva Siyana , Abrahamowicz Michal , Weir Daniala , Gomes Tara , Tamblyn Robyn
Published: December 2022

Background

Long-term opioid use is an increasingly important problem related to the ongoing opioid epidemic. The purpose of this study was to identify patient, hospitalization and system-level determinants of long term opioid therapy (LTOT) among patients recently discharged from hospital.

Design

To be eligible for this study, patient needed to have filled at least one opioid prescription three-months post-discharge. We retrieved data from the provincial health insurance agency to measure medical service and prescription drug use in the year prior to and after hospitalization. A multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards model was utilized to determine factors associated with time to the first LTOT occurrence, defined as time-varying cumulative opioid duration of ≥ 60 days.

Results

Overall, 22.4% of the 1,551 study patients were classified as LTOT, who had a mean age of 66.3 years (SD = 14.3). Having no drug copay status (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.91, 95% CI: 1.40–2.60), being a LTOT user before the index hospitalization (aHR 6.05, 95% CI: 4.22–8.68) or having history of benzodiazepine use (aHR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.12–1.83) were all associated with an increased likelihood of LTOT. Cardiothoracic surgical patients had a 40% lower LTOT risk (aHR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31–0.96) as compared to medical patients. Initial opioid dispensation of > 90 milligram morphine equivalents (MME) was also associated with higher likelihood of LTOT (aHR 2.08, 95% CI: 1.17–3.69).

Conclusions and relevance

Several patient-level characteristics associated with an increased risk of ≥ 60 days of cumulative opioid use. The results could be used to help identify patients who are at high-risk of continuing opioids beyond guideline recommendations and inform policies to curb excessive opioid prescribing.
A novel model of gestational diabetes: Acute high fat high sugar diet results in insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction during pregnancy in mice
Authors: Mishra Akansha , Ruano Simone Hernandez , Saha Pradip K. , Pennington Kathleen A.
Published: December 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 7–18% of all pregnancies. Despite its high prevalence, there is no widely accepted animal model. To address this, we recently developed a mouse model of GDM. The goal of this work was to further characterize this animal model by assessing insulin resistance and beta cell function. Mice were randomly assigned to either control (CD) or high fat, high sugar (HFHS) diet and mated 1 week later. At day 0 (day of mating) mice were fasted and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests (ipITT) were performed. Mice were then euthanized and pancreata were collected for histological analysis. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp experiments were performed on day 13.5 of pregnancy to assess insulin resistance. Beta cell function was assessed by glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay performed on day 0, 13.5 and 17.5 of pregnancy. At day 0, insulin tolerance and beta cell numbers were not different. At day 13.5, glucose infusion and disposal rates were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in Pregnant (P) HFHS animals (p<0.05) suggesting development of insulin resistance in P HFHS dams. Placental and fetal glucose uptake was significantly increased (p<0.01) in P HFHS dams at day 13.5 of pregnancy and by day 17.5 of pregnancy fetal weights were increased (p<0.05) in P HFHS dams compared to P CD dams. Basal and secreted insulin levels were increased in HFHS fed females at day 0, however at day 13.5 and 17.5 GSIS was decreased (p<0.05) in P HFHS dams. In conclusion, this animal model results in insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction by mid-pregnancy further validating its relevance in studying the pathophysiology GDM.
Design of Active Fault-Tolerant Control System for Air-Fuel Ratio control of Internal Combustion engine using nonlinear regression-based observer model
Authors: Alsuwian Turki , Amin Arslan Ahmed , Iqbal Muhammad Sajid , Qadir Muhammad Bilal , Almasabi Saleh , Jalalah Mohammed
Published: December 2022

Internal Combustion (IC) engines are prevalent in the process sector, and maintaining sufficient Air-Fuel Ratio (AFR) regulation in their fuel system is crucial for enhanced engine performance, fuel economy, and environmental safety. Faults in the AFR system’s sensors cause the engine to shut down, hence, fault tolerance is essential. In order to avoid engine shutdown, this paper offers a novel Active Fault-Tolerant Control System (AFTCS) for air-fuel ratio control of an Internal Combustion (IC) engine in a process plant. In the Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) unit, the proposed AFTCS uses a nonlinear regression-based observer model for analytical redundancy. The suggested system was simulated in the MATLAB / Simulink environment. The proposed system was tested at two different speeds (300 r/min and 600 r/min) and the results show that the system’s response is within the acceptable bound without compromising the stability. The findings also demonstrate the higher fault tolerance capability for sensor defects of the AFR control system, particularly for the MAP sensor (at 300 r/min) in terms of reduced oscillatory response in comparison to the current literature. Compared to the linear regression-based and Genetic Algorithm (GA) based model, the nonlinear regression-based model results in a more accurate estimation of the faulty sensors. The proposed model is also efficient in terms of computation power and response time.
Cardiometabolic deaths attributable to poor diet among Kuwaiti adults
Authors: Al-Lahou Badreya , Ausman Lynne M. , Peñalvo José L. , Huggins Gordon S. , Zhang Fang Fang
Published: December 2022

Background

Nutrition transition towards a Western diet is happening in parallel with the rapidly increasing rates of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Kuwait. The cardiometabolic deaths attributable to poor diet have not been quantified among Kuwaiti adults.

Methods

Using a Comparative Risk Assessment model that incorporated dietary intake data from Kuwait’s first national nutrition survey, number of cardiometabolic deaths from the World Health Organization, and estimated associations of diet with cardiometabolic deaths from the Global Burden of Disease project, we estimated the number and proportion of cardiometabolic deaths attributable to suboptimal intake of 10 dietary factors among Kuwaiti adults ages 25+ years, and by population subgroups.

Findings

An estimated 1,308 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 1,228–1,485) cardiometabolic deaths were attributed to suboptimal diet, accounting for 64.7% (95% UI = 60.7%-73.4%) of all cardiometabolic deaths in Kuwait in 2009. The low intake of nuts/seeds was associated with the highest estimated number and proportion of cardiometabolic deaths (n = 380, 18.8%), followed by high intake of sodium (n = 256, 12.6%), low intake of fruits (n = 250, 12.4%), low intake of vegetables (n = 236, 11.7%), low intake of whole grains (n = 201, 9.9%), and high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (n = 201, 9.9%). The estimated proportions of cardiometabolic deaths attributable to suboptimal diet were higher in men (67.7%) than women (57.8%) and in younger adults aged 25–34 years (84.5%) than older adults aged ≥55 years (55.6%).

Conclusion

Suboptimal dietary intake was associated with a very substantial proportion of cardiometabolic deaths among Kuwaiti adults in 2009, with young adults and men experiencing the largest proportion of diet-associated cardiometabolic deaths in Kuwait.
The moderation role of board independence change in the relationship between board characteristics, related party transactions, and financial performance
Authors: Almaqtari Faozi A. , Farhan Najib H. S. , Al-Hattami Hamood Mohammed , Elsheikh Tamer
Published: December 2022

The present study examines the moderation effect of board independence change on the relationship between board characteristics, related party transactions and financial performance of Indian listed banks over 10 years from 2010 to 2019. While board size, independence, diligence, and remuneration were taken to represent board characteristics, all key personnel and subsidiaries’ transactions were considered measures for related party transactions. On the other hand, the financial performance of banks was measured by two accounting-based measures (return on assets and profit after tax) and two market-based measures (earning per share and Tobin Q). The results revealed that board independence change has a significant negative effect on financial performance. Further, the results indicated that board independence change moderates positively and significantly the relationship between related party transactions and financial performance. The findings also showed that board independence change had a moderating effect that significantly and negatively weakens board size and effectiveness, negatively influencing banks’ profitability. Unlike other studies, this study uniquely uses board independence change as a moderator between board characteristics, related party transactions, and several measures of banks’ financial performance. The limited research highlighting this issue, where Indian banks have encountered several challenges in the last few years, has motivated the present study to bridge the existing gaps in the strand literature. Therefore, this research opens useful insights and has beneficial implications for policymakers, bankers, financial analysts, and academicians.
AIF-1, a potential biomarker of aggressive tumor behavior in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Lingling , Zhao Xing , Zheng Huachuan , Zhu Cuimin , Liu Yanhong
Published: December 2022

Allogeneic inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) overexpression has been reported to be associated with tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the role of AIF-1 in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). AIF-1, IL-6, and VEGF expressions in human NSCLC tissue were examined by immunofluorescence staining. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify AIF-1-related molecules and pathways in NSCLC. Human lung cancer A549 cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay, and cell migration was evaluated with wound-healing assay. IL-6 and VEGF secretions in A549 cell culture supernatants were quantified using the Elecsys IL-6 immunoassay kit and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Assay Kit. RT-PCR and western blot were performed to quantify the expressions of AIF-1, IL-6, and VEGF mRNAs and proteins involved in p38-MAPK and JAK/STAT3 signaling such as p-p38 and p-STAT3. The effects of AIF-1 on A549 cell proliferation and the expressions of IL-6 and VEGF were assessed using SB203580 and ruxolitinib. The results showed that AIF-1 expression was higher in human NSCLC tissue than that in paracancer tissue. High AIF-1 expression was associated with metastasis, higher TNM stage, and poorer survival. Bioinformatics connected AIF-1 to JAK/STAT signaling in NSCLC. AIF-1 increased A549 cell proliferation, migration, IL-6 secretion and, VEGF secretion, and these effects were attenuated by inhibition of p38-MAPK or JAK/STAT3 signaling. In conclusion, AIF-1 may promote aggressive NSCLC behavior via activation of p38-MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling.
Editorial
Authors: Murray Shaun
Published: December 2022

This Design Ecologies issue, ‘Towards a Transdisciplinary Practice’, will focus on how practices consider what is being included and what is not in projects and allow for a reductive design approach and outcome. To consider design as an ecology is a practice fundamentally concerned with understanding the abundance and distribution of all elements involved, which bears on virtually every application of architecture. Can we develop architectures that are intrinsically ecological and transdisciplinary by design through evidence-based practices? Design practices could be considered a mereological condition where the focus of projects is unpacking part-hood relations to the whole, and the relation of the part to the part within the whole. Can we design practices that are whole, inclusive, non-reductive and implicit?
«La aguja fría del deseo»: la tropología sensitiva de Margarita Ferreras
Authors: Cacciola Anna
Published: December 2022

La poesía escrita por mujeres que se produjo desde las postrimerías del Modernismo hasta mediados de los cincuenta se distingue por un subjetivismo copioso y cierto erotismo que procura contradecir el arquetipo femenino de ascendencia romántica y desacreditar el matrimonio en cuanto institución represiva de las exigencias liberales de las mujeres. Propia del clima de emancipación femenina de los años treinta, la incorporación de referencias eróticas en las obras de las poetas del 27 viene a complementar el panorama de libertades que reivindicaban. Con todo, la mayoría de las poetas optan por estrategias estilísticas que insinúan, más o menos directamente, el elemento sensual, parapetándolo detrás de un sistema metafórico complejo, fundamentado en la ambigüedad genérica. Pocas son las que se decantan por un tratamiento franco e inmediato de los impulsos amorosos. Entre estas últimas destaca Margarita Ferreras, otra de las grandes olvidadas de las autoras que operaron en el primer tercio del siglo XX, quien alcanza en Pez en la tierra (1932), su única obra publicada, la cumbre de un erotismo pionero e infrecuente. El poemario, impreso por los Altolaguirre, consta de veintiocho composiciones que destacan por audacia, claridad expresiva y un realismo que puede tildarse de ardoroso. El presente estudio pretende proporcionar un análisis de las soluciones formales adoptadas por Ferreras para vehicular su concepto de erotismo y sensualidad. A través del análisis de algunas composiciones de Pez en la tierra, procuraremos explicar su peculiar uso de la tropología y el simbolismo de los elementos naturales, para luego explayarnos en los recursos metafóricos empleados para poetizar ese erotismo luminoso y atrevido.
El «cuerpo estéril» y la invitación a la posesión: el tenso conflicto hacia la vía unitiva en «Noche oscura» de Ernestina de Champourcin
Authors: Chen Sham Jorge
Published: December 2022

En el tercer poema de «Noche oscura», conjunto de poemas pertenecientes al Canto inútil (1936) de Ernestina de Champourcin, la percepción corporal se dibuja como un «cuerpo estéril» que debe ser saciado y colmado; su posesión es una invitación que reclama el yo poético femenino, bajo el tópico del «naufragio» y la solitud de una deriva y de un deseo irrefrenable. Este artículo replantea la imagen del «cuerpo estéril» frente a la contraria, la del cuerpo fecundo, dentro de una retórica que, apelando al modelo de San Juan de la Cruz, responde a la incorporación de un amante esquivo y duro de persuadir, frente a las ansias de plenitud y de goce por parte del yo poético.
«Cuando el tiempo no tenga ya memoria»: El tema del recuerdo en la poesía de Josefina de la Torre
Authors: Pelegrina Gutiérrez Alicia
Published: December 2022

Josefina de la Torre Millares (1907-2002) es una de las grandes autoras de la joven literatura. Pese a la indudable calidad de su obra poética y a su inclusión en la segunda edición de la célebre antología Poesía española contemporánea (1934) de Gerardo Diego, su figura fue olvidada durante años. En las últimas décadas han surgido varios estudios destinados a recuperar su legado. Este trabajo se propone seguir ahondando en su obra poética a través del análisis de un tema recurrente en sus poemarios: el recuerdo. Se trazará la evolución de dicho concepto mediante el estudio de los poemas incluidos en los cuatro libros poéticos que publicó en vida: Versos y estampas (1927), Poemas de la isla (1930), Marzo incompleto (1945 y 1968) y Medida del tiempo (1940-1989).
María Castillo Robles, M.ª Teresa León, crítica literaria. Feminismo y compromiso político. Almería, Universidad de Almería, 2020, ISBN 978-84-13510057
Authors: Fernández Soto Concepción
Published: December 2022

Reseña: María Castillo Robles, M.ª Teresa León, crítica literaria. Feminismo y compromiso político. Almería, Universidad de Almería, 2020, ISBN 978-84-1351-005-7.
N.M. Yadrintsev and A.F. Barkov in 1874: «A New Period of Life, Full of Personal Happiness and Major Social Success»
Authors: Golovinov A.V. , Golovinova Yu.V.
Published: December 2022

This article considers a significant period in the biography of Nikolai Mikhailovich Yadrintsev. In the high summer of 1874 in St. Petersburg the famous publicist got married to Adelaide Fedorovna Barkova. The authors emphasize that with the beginning of his family life N. M. Yadrintsev intensified his creative activity, having a reliable rear and household arrangements.

Guided by the first biographical information and appealing to sources of personal origin (letters, memoirs, autobiography), the authors have proved that in the surviving materials there are obvious inaccuracies in determining the exact date of marriage. Only with a thorough analysis of extant written sources the correct date of the wedding can be established.

In general, the authors conclude that the wife played a significant role in the life of Nikolai Mikhailovich. Outstanding, sociable, responsive and intellectually gifted A.F. Barkova wholeheartedly shared any of her husband's endeavors. Analyzing the autobiographical notes the authors state that after the wedding the destiny of N.M. Yadrintsev changed, he felt a burst of energy in his activity.
Plán řízení rizik vybraných prvků kritické dopravní infrastruktury
Authors: Procházková Dana , Martincová Jana Victoria , Procházka Jan , Kertis Tomáš
Published: December 2022

The presented piece of work deals with the risk management plan of selected ele-ments of critical transportation infrastructure. It is based on data on the failure of the elements in question, the local site conditions in which the elements occur and uses current advanced methods of risk management for the benefit of safety. It is based on the methodology of creating a risk management plan for selected items of transport infrastructure, which is certified by the Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic. The publication presents a proposal for the introduction of the methodology into the legislation of the Czech Republic and contains guidance on how the risk management plan should be created by administrators of selected elements of criti-cal transport infrastructure to ensure their quality response to the failure of the ele-ment in question. Finally, it gives examples from the field of international civil avia-tion, in which the IATA has long required a risk management tool.
Competencia digital docente
Authors: Poyatos Dorado César
Published: December 2022

Vivimos una era de cambios impulsados por la tecnología. Las TIC están transformando la mayoría de sectores y procesos de nuestra sociedad incluido el mundo educativo. Los marcos de competencia digital docente y de organizaciones educativas nos ofrecen una hoja de ruta para desarrollar la competencia digital de nuestro alumnado.
La última palabra la dices tú
Authors: Ruiz Delgado Milagrosa
Published: December 2022

Se dice que la nueva Ley de Educación es un despropósito en muchos sentidos. Una ley que abole lo que durante años se ha intentado instaurar como “la cultura del esfuerzo”. Pero, no nos quedemos en lo superficial. Hoy escribo para tranquilizarles, porque una vez más, no podrán tanto como creen. Y es que, padres y maestros, la última palabra es vuestra. Y el poder que con ella ejercéis, supera el poder de la Ley.