ФУНГІЦИДНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ЕФІРООЛІЙНИХ РОСЛИН РОДУ ARTEMISIA ВІДНОСНО FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM
Authors: Ivashchenko I. V. 
Published: April 2016

<p>The article establishes the fungicidal activity of water extracts of <em>Artemisia</em><em> </em><em>maritim</em><em>а</em> L., <em>Artemisia</em><em> </em><em>austriaca Jacq.,</em> under the concentration of 100, 50 and 25 mg/ml on dry matter with regard to the phytopathogenic mushroom <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>. It also shows the fungistatic influence of extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. under concentration 25 and 50 mg/ml, fungicidal – under 100 mg/ml. Concerning <em>Artemisia abrotanum</em> L., the slow growth of mushroom is observed under the concentration 25 mg/ml, fungicidal effect – under 50 and 100 mg/ml.</p> <p>The paper provides the information on the component composition of ethereal oil and phenolic compounds of <em>Artemisia</em><em> </em><em>maritim</em><em>а</em>, <em>Artemisia</em><em> </em><em>austriaca</em>,<em> Artemisia abrotanum</em><em>, </em><em>Artemisia dracunculus</em>, cultivated in Zhytomyr Polissya. The chief ingredients of ethereal oil which is synthesized by the plant of <em>Artemisia </em><em>abrotanum</em> are 1,8-cineole (30.44%) and camphor (31.92%). A high 1,8-cineole and camphor content determines antimicrobial properties of the plants.</p> <p>Amount of phenolic compounds in the air-dry raw <em>Artemisia </em><em>abrotanum</em> is 2.98 percent. By the method of highly efficient solution chromatography (HESChr) in the grass of <em>Artemisia abrotanum </em>we have detected 23 phenolic compounds, of which we identified such flavonoids as rutin, luteolin-7-glycoside as well as caffeic, chlorogenic and isochlorogenic acids.</p> <p>The main compounds of ethereal oil of <em>Artemisia austriaca</em> are trans-verbenole (30.77 %), pinocarvone (10.77 %) and sabinilacetate (18.16 %).<strong> </strong>In the grass of <em>Artemisia austriaca </em>we have detected 31 phenolic compounds, of which we identified such flavonoids as rutin, apigenin, quercetin-bioside and the following acids: caffeic, chlorogenic, and isochlorogenic. Amount of phenolic compounds in the air-dry raw Austrian wormwood is 27.25 mg / g (2.73 %).</p> <p>The main component of ethereal oil of <em>Artemisia dracunculus is </em>methyleugenol (94.65 %). We have discovered 31 phenolic compounds in the grass of linear-leaved wormwood, from which four substances such as rutin, luteolin-7-glycoside, apigenin-7-glycoside and isochlorogenic acid have been identified. The dominant compounds of ethereal oil of <em>Artemisia maritima</em> are α-thujone (41.59 %) and camphor (23.56 %).</p> <p>Obviously, the fungicidal properties of plants are conditioned by the quantitative and qualitative content of biologically active substances – ethereal oils, fenolic compounds and other matters. The paper draws attention to the prospects of the further more detailed study of extracts of<strong> </strong>aromatic plants of the genus <em>Artemisia</em> with the aim of producing antibacterial and antifungal herbal preparations.</p> <p><em>Key words<strong>:</strong></em><strong><em> </em></strong><em>Artemisia, Fusarium oxysporum, water extract, fungicidal activity, aromatic plants.</em></p> <p><em> </em></p>