bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Sagittal Plane Alignment and Disc Space Narrowing of Lumbar Spine in Farmers
Authors: Park Ki Hoon , Baek Sora , Kang Eun Kyoung , Park Hee-won , Kim Gowun , Kim Sung Hyun
Published: September 2021

Objective To investigate whether lumbar lordosis (LL) and lumbar segmental lordosis (LSL) are related to sex, age, low back pain (LBP), and lumbar disc space narrowing (DSN).Methods A total of 569 farmers were recruited. In lateral spine radiograph, LL (L1–L5) and LSL (L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5) were measured using Cobb’s method. The differences in LSL values (ΔLSL) according to the presence or absence of a DSN were calculated as LSLDSN – LSLnoDSN for each DSN level.Results In male, the lateral spine radiograph showed significantly greater L4-LSL and L5-LSL and smaller L1-LSL and L2-LSL compared to female. LLs in the 50–59 and ≥60 years age groups were significantly smaller compared to those in the <50 years age group. In subjects with LBP, LL and L4-LSL were significantly smaller than in those without. The ΔLSLs at the disc level with DSN showed the greatest decrease: L1-ΔLSL (Δ-3.99°), L2-ΔLSL (Δ-3.31°), L3-ΔLSL (Δ-2.87°), L4-ΔLSL (Δ-3.31°), and L5-ΔLSL (Δ-4.44°) in L1/2, L2/3, L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1 DSN, respectively. Conversely, distant ΔLSLs were inversely increased: L1-LSL (Δ0.75°) with L4/5 DSN and L2-LSL (Δ0.94°) with L5/S1 DSN.Conclusion Sagittal plane alignment was significantly associated with sex, age, LBP, and DSN. LSLs around the levels of DSN were decreased, and there was compensational increase of LSL distant to the DSN to maintain the overall LL.
PROSES DESAIN PRODUK SNEAKERS KOLABORATIF DALAM NEGERI: STUDI KASUS KOLABORASI MEREK A DENGAN GRUP MUSIK SK
Authors: Allraysa Celvin Tauhid
Published: September 2021

This research is a case study that discusses collaborative products between brand A and the SK music group. Thisresearch uses qualitative method where data collection was carried out by interviewing the manufacturers of sneakersA to find out the relationship between the products and the design process carried out on the collaboration. The resultsobtained are in the form of a design process from a manufacturer of sneakers A and the role of collaborators in eachstage of the design process. The analysis is in the form of a comparison between the data obtained from the interviews and from the literature used. From the research results, it was found that there were differences in the types of sneakers in the collaborative product series, and some of the designs did not match the image of the collaborators who were personnel of the rock music group SK. This research is expected to be a recommendation for producers and designers in designing collaborative products. In the academic field, it is also expected to open new research related to collaborative sneakers and other collaborative products.
PENGEMBANGAN DAN VALIDASI KUESIONER DAMPAK EVENT OLAHRAGA PADA MASYARAKAT (KDEOPM)
Authors: Putra Miftah Fariz Prima , Guntoro Tri Setyo
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument that reveals public perception related to the impact of organizingsports events. Theoretically, four aspects were used as an indicator in understanding the impact of sports events onsociety, namely economic, psycho-social, infrastructure, and environmental aspects. The four aspects were broken downinto 46 statements with five alternative answers. The validation test involved 113 respondents, consisting of 77 (68.14%)male, 36 (31.86%) women. The age range was between 17 - 70 years (M = 32.6 ± 10.9) and the level of educationwas from elementary school to Doctoral degree (S3) with a wide variety of occupational backgrounds. The results ofexplanatory factor analysis found the variables of sports events can be explained by four factors (economic, psychosocial, infrastructure, and environment) with a value of 63.24% (approximately 10.37% for the first factor, 13.096%for the second factor, 7.94% for the third factor and 6.43% for the fourth factor). A correlation coefficient test betweenfactors, totals, and items-total found environmental factors to have low coefficient values (r = -0.005, Sig. 0.961), andthree items in that factor had a value of < 0.3. Hence, environmental factors and items were excluded from the instrument. The results found that there were 26 items declared valid and reliable with validity values of 0.462 - 0.744 and reliability of 0.881 - 0.934. Thus, the property of the instrument developed was declared valid and reliable in revealing public perception of the impact of sports events.
INTERKONEKSI MATA KULIAH PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DENGAN BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM MEMBANGUN PEMAHAMAN MULTIKULTURAL GENERASI DIGITAL
Authors: Saepudin Epin , Jatnika Asep Wawan
Published: September 2021

Intolerance phenomenon that is currently happening in Indonesia requires a quick and precise response and involvesvarious parties. Universities as a miniature of the diversity of the Indonesian nation need to make a series of efforts toimprove multicultural understanding so that they can produce students who are friendly to diversity, and view differencesas a necessity as well as a gift from God. This research, conducted through library research, discusses the interconnectionbetween Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan and Bahasa Indonesia courses to build multicultural understanding of studentsliving in the digital era. The results of the research indicate that the interconnection between Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan and Bahasa Indonesia courses can be an alternative strategy to build multicultural understanding of the digital generation, especially when the substance of Bahasa Indonesia is embedded in the subject matter, i.e. the dynamics of national and state life, national identity, and integration, as well as synergies for the prosperity of the nation packaged creatively and innovatively through a digital campaign.
TECHNOLOGIZING METAPHOR, DEMYSTIFYING TRAUMA: ALLEGORY IN THE FILM 27 STEPS OF MAY
Authors: Mustaffa Rifki Zamzam , Priyatna Aquarini , Adipurwawidjana Ari J.
Published: September 2021

This article aims at elaborating the issues of trauma, violence against women and their agencies depicted in Indonesianfilm entitled 27 Steps of May. By situating the issues within the theoretical framework combining theories on allegoryand metaphor as elaborated by Jameson (2006), and Jakobson (1956), as well as theoretical premises pertaining to filmtechnology by Turner (2002), this study shows how film as a form of narrative texts can visualize those issues throughavailable technological features (camera techniques and mise-en-scene). Our close reading finds that the film presentsmetaphors of rape, women agency, amnesia and trauma through the presentation of the characters (May, Bapak, Pesulapand Kurir), also the mise-en-scene in its scenes. We argue that this film visualizes an allegory of national trauma inrelation to Indonesian May 1998 riots, specifically the violence towards marginalized groups (Chinese and women),which also represents the Indonesian collective expectation in acknowledging the national trauma jointly.
Administration of red ginseng regulates microRNA expression in a mouse model of endometriosis
Authors: Lee Jae Hoon , Park Ji Hyun , Won Bo Hee , Im Wooseok , Cho SiHyun
Published: September 2021

Objective: Red ginseng (RG) exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and immunomodulatory effects on endometriosis through the regulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression. It may also ameliorate endometriosis by affecting the expression of multiple miRNAs simultaneously, rather than acting on a single miRNA at a given time. Since studies on the overall effects of RG on endometriosis via the regulation of miRNA expression are lacking, the current study aimed to explore the global effect of RG on miRNA expression in a mouse model of endometriosis. Methods: To establish the mouse model, the uterine horn of donor mice was implanted into the lateral side of the recipients’ peritoneum, followed by vehicle or RG treatment for 8 weeks. Results: To confirm the effects of RG on the established mouse model, the size of the implanted uterus was measured; it was found to be lower in mice from the RG group than in mice from the control group. miRNA expression profiles in the implanted uterus of the mouse model of endometriosis after vehicle or RG administration were analyzed using microarray technology. Thereafter, seven candidate miRNAs and 125 candidate genes (miRNA targets) were identified through a bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that RG regulates the expression of multiple miRNAs and mRNAs, thereby alleviating endometriosis in a mouse model of the disease.
Predictive value of sperm motility before and after preparation for the pregnancy outcomes of intrauterine insemination
Authors: Jeong Mina , Kim Seul Ki , Kim Hoon , Lee Jung Ryeol , Jee Byung Chul , Kim Seok Hyun
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate sperm motility and its changes after preparation as predictors of pregnancy in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles.Methods: In total, 297 IUI cycles from January 2012 to December 2017 at a single tertiary hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patient and cycle characteristics, and sperm motility characteristics before and after processing were compared according to clinical pregnancy or live birth as outcomes.Results: The overall clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was 14.5% (43/297) and the live birth rate was 10.4% (30/289). Patient and cycle characteristics were similar between pregnant and non-pregnant groups. Sperm motility after preparation and the total motile sperm count before and after processing were comparable in terms of pregnancy outcomes. Pre-preparation sperm motility was significantly higher in groups with clinical pregnancy and live birth than in cycles not resulting in pregnancy (71.4%±10.9% vs. 67.2%±11.7%, p=0.020 and 71.6%±12.6% vs. 67.3%±11.7%, p=0.030, respectively). The change in sperm motility after processing was significantly fewer in the non-pregnant cycles, both when the comparison was conducted by subtraction (post-pre) and division (post/pre). These relationships remained significant after adjusting for the female partner’s age, anti-Müllerian hormone level, and number of pre-ovulatory follicles. According to a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, an initial sperm motility of ≥72.5% was the optimal threshold value for predicting live birth after IUI.Conclusions: Initial sperm motility, rather than the motility of processed sperm or the degree of change after preparation, predicted live birth after IUI procedures.
Effectiveness of Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Weight Loss, Stress, Anxiety, and Depression via Virtual Group Therapy
Authors: Abedishargh Najme , Ramezani Farani Abbas , Gharraee Banafsheh , Farahani Hojjatollah
Published: September 2021

Background: The obesity crisis is one of the major public health issues in the 21st century, and depression, anxiety, and stress are the psychological factors that mediate obesity. Objectives: This research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT) in reducing body mass index (BMI), stress, anxiety, and depression in overweight women via a virtual group. Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was conducted on three groups of the experiment, the waiting list, and the treatment-as-usual. It was done as single-phase, single-center, and double-blinded. The statistical population included all women with BMI ≥ 25 in Neyshabur city in 2019 - 2020. The research sample included 90 subjects randomly assigned to the groups. The therapeutic intervention was applied in the form of 42 ICBT sessions using a virtual WhatsApp group. The participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), and their BMI was also calculated before and after the sessions. Results: The analysis of covariance indicated the significant effect of ICBT on the reduction of BMI compared to the usual treatment group and waiting list group [F (72, 2) = 15.54, P < 0.0005; Partialη2 = 0.30]. However, it was not significant on the reduction of stress [F (72, 2) = 0.47, P = 0.63; Partialη2 = 0.01], anxiety [F (72, 2) = 0.49, P = 0.61; Partialη2 = 0.01], and depression [F (72, 2) = 0.06, P = 0.93; Partialη2 = 0.002]. Conclusions: The present study showed the direct effect of ICBT on the reduction of BMI like the treatment-as-usual for obesity. However, these sessions could not reduce the participants’ stress, anxiety, and depression.
Schelling’s Plato Notebooks, 1792–1794
Authors: Schelling F. W. J. , Fisher Naomi ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

These notebooks were written during the years that F. W. J. Schelling spent as a student at the Tübinger Stift (1790–1795). From dates written by Schelling in the margins, we can surmise that the first portion (AA II/4: 15–28) was begun in August of 1792, and the latter portion (AA II/5: 133–142) was written in early 1794. To this latter portion is appended a substantial work, Schelling’s Timaeus-commentary, which is not included in the present translation. It appeared as “Timaeus (1794)” (translated by Adam Arola, Jena Jolissaint, Peter Warnek) in Epoché 12: 2. These notebooks offer a window into Schelling’s philosophical development and proclivities, in light of his engagement with various Platonic dialogues, most notably the Ion, Theaetetus, Meno, Timaeus, and Philebus. They include discussions of divine power, rapture, and genius, especially as these relate to poetry, prophecy, and ordinary forms of human knowledge. These topics are discussed in the first portion (AA II/4: 15–25). In the latter portion, Schelling discusses myth, its function and relation to human greatness, Socrates’s daimonion, and the authority of tradition (AA II/4: 25–28; II/5: 133–142).
Trends in Dental Sedation of Korean Children and Adolescents
Authors: Tak Minkyung , Kim Jaegon , Yang Yeonmi , Lee Daewoo
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate trends in dental sedation of Korean children and adolescents. A retrospective study was conducted on patients under 20 years of age who received dental treatment under sedation using National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort Database from 2002 to 2015. Based on the 1 million standard data, there were 436 cases of dental treatment under sedation in 2002, but 4002 cases in 2015, showing a trend increasing every year. The 3 - 5 year old group accounted for the largest portion (54.2%), while the 6 - 8 year old group increased recently. Nitrous oxide inhalation sedation is the most commonly used, accounting for 45.9% in 2002, but increased to 89.5% in 2015. Combination of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation, chloralhydrate and hydroxyzine was the most common, accounting for 5.7% in 2002, but decreased to 2.9% in 2015. There is a trend to use the sedation method more safely and in a way that reduces side effects.
Survey on Sedation Training for Pediatric Residents in Training Hospitals
Authors: Moon Soyeon , Song Je Seon , Shin Teo Jeon , Choi Sungchul , Yang Yeonmi
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate current status of sedation training for the residents in pediatric dentistry training institutions and opinions about continuing education after the residency program. Surveys were sent to 18 pediatric dentistry training institutions by e-mail, and the responses were collected and analyzed. Most of the sedation education period for the residents were the 1st-year education (61.1%) and 1 - 3 years of integrated education (55.6%). In terms of an externship, 5 institutions (27.8%) sent their residents to the department of anesthesiology. Second half of the 1st year (50%) was the highest for a resident to use sedation for the first time. The period of supervisor participation varied from not participating at all to whole time throughout the residency program. The sedation training is conducted at all training institutions, but there were variations in the experience that a resident can gain. All training institutions agreed on the necessity of continuing education of the sedation, but there were various opinions regarding time, method, and the period of review course. Overall, this study suggested that continuing education should be consisted of 1 - 2 hours of didactic education every year and clinical skills and simulation training in every 2 - 3 years.
Micromorphological Analysis of Primary Second Molar with Molar-incisor Malformation : A Case Report
Authors: Kim Myunghwan , Park Howon , Lee Juhyun , Seo Hyunwoo
Published: September 2021

Molar-incisor malformation (MIM) is characterized by malformation in the root with a normal crown. While MIM mostly occurs in the permanent first molar, it has also been reported in the maxillary central incisor and the primary second molar (PSM), but anatomical analysis of the primary teeth with MIM has not been studied to date. In this case report, a patient with MIM was reported, and an extracted PSM with MIM was analyzed with micro computed tomography (CT). A cervical constriction morphology of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) can be observed in extracted PSM. In micro CT analysis, characteristics such a mineralized plate (cervical mineralized diaphragm) in the CEJ area, complex root canal morphologies, a calcified mass inside the pulp chamber, and constricted pulp chamber of crown portion were observed.
Dental Management in a Child Patient with Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency : A Case Report
Authors: Jeon Jiyoon , Yang Sunmi , Choi Namki , Kim Seonmi
Published: September 2021

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder and is the most common enzyme deficiency worldwide. Although this disease is rare in Korea, its prevalence may increase due to an increase of multicultural families. Patients with this deficiency are prone to hemolytic anemia provoked by specific drugs commonly used or prescribed in pediatric dentistry. It is necessary for pediatric dentists to have accurate knowledge of a patient's medical history and to consult with a pediatric hematologist to avoid oxidative stress that can lead to hemolysis. The most effective treatment is prevention of exposure to factors that may trigger anemia. Appropriate education regarding risk factors is essential for patients diagnosed with this disease. This case report aimed to discuss the drugs and dental management methods that should be cautious in children with G6PD deficiency.
Ditadura militar brasileira nas aulas de história
Authors: Alberti Verena
Published: September 2021

Não é fácil trabalhar a ditadura militar brasileira nas aulas de História. Professores e professoras precisamos nos respaldar em documentos oficiais que legitimem o tratamento desse assunto e a Educação em Direitos Humanos. Além disso, precisamos saber o que gostaríamos que nossos alunos e nossas alunas aprendessem, tendo em vista ideias equivocadas hoje existentes acerca da ditadura e da transição para a democracia. Trazer as disputas de memória para dentro da sala de aula pode ser promissor. E, trabalhando com documentos, buscar compreender as ações das pessoas naquele período, enfatizando não “lições éticas”, mas a compreensão da historicidade. Com isso, talvez possamos proporcionar um aprendizado efetivo, que permita um reordenamento de entendimentos, considerando a complexidade do passado e do presente.
Palavras-chave: Ensino de História; ditadura militar; disputas de memória; trabalho com documentos.
Representaciones y prácticas docentes en torno a la dictadura de Franco
Authors: Banderas Navarro Néstor , Fuertes Muñoz Carlos
Published: September 2021

En este artículo llevamos a cabo un estudio de caso centrado en 5 docentes españoles en relación con el tratamiento educativo que llevan a cabo de la dictadura franquista. Se parte de una contextualización general acerca del periodo histórico de la dictadura de Franco (1936-39 y 1975-78), tema social y políticamente candente que tiene su correlato a nivel educativo al estar presente en el currículo de la educación secundaria y bachillerato. Esta investigación pone el foco en el profesorado, que traduce en el contexto del aula una serie de ideas y representaciones sobre la dictadura, algo que está condicionado por su nivel formativo, el contexto sociopolítico actual y la concreción curricular que se realiza en la normativa educativa. Las representaciones, los saberes y las prácticas que se analizan con estos 5 docentes permiten identificar tendencias, posibilidades y dificultades en la enseñanza de la dictadura de Franco.
Palabras clave: Dictadura de Franco; historia; enseñanza de la Historia; profesores
A história sem presente e o ensino sem futuro: representação do tempo no ensino de História pelos alunos da Educação Básica
Authors: Cavalcanti Erinaldo Vicente
Published: September 2021

Este artigo analisa como um conjunto de alunos e alunas do 9º Ano da Educação Básica de uma escola pública representa o tempo na história ensinada em sala de aula. Como procedimento metodológico para atingir esse objetivo foi aplicado um questionário durante as atividades realizadas no âmbito do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) na Faculdade de História (Fahist) da Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (Unifesspa), pelo qual os estudantes puderam registrar um conjunto de informações sobre o ensino de História, em especial no que se refere às suas relações com a compreensão de tempo. A partir dos registros produzidos pelos alunos/as, percebeu-se que a história ensinada se relaciona predominantemente ao passado, praticamente sem vínculo ou relação com o presente e sem conexões com projeções de futuro.
Palavras-chave: História; ensino; tempo; educação básica.
Memoria histórica e historia enseñada: construcciones simbólicas del futuro profesorado y su vínculo con la experiencia escolar
Authors: Sáez-Rosenkranz Isidora , Sabido-Codina Judit , Prats Cuevas Joaquín
Published: September 2021

Memoria histórica e historia reciente son conceptos cada vez más presentes en las aulas y más consolidados en la historiografía, siendo una problemática relevante en la construcción de las sociedades democráticas postransicionales. No obstante, en el aula, sigue siendo aún un campo que requiere investigar con más precisión algunos elementos que ayuden a entender mejor su incorporación en el proceso didáctico. El presente artículo analiza las construcciones simbólicas que tiene el futuro profesorado sobre la memoria y esboza un vínculo con su experiencia escolar, particularmente con las narrativas transmitidas en los libros de texto, en tanto principal recurso didáctico Se pretende contribuir al debate entre historia enseñada e historia investigada. La investigación, de tono hermenéutico, explora las conceptualizaciones y el papel que atribuyen a la memoria el futuro profesorado, relacionado con el papel que juegan los libros de texto a partir de la información recogida en un cuestionario construido ex profeso y las narrativas presentes en los libros de texto, que han construido una visión imprecisa y parcial de la memoria. De esta manera, evidenciamos la necesidad de repensar las relaciones entre historia reciente y memoria desde un punto de vista didáctico, tanto en los libros de texto como en la formación inicial del profesorado.
Palabras clave: memoria histórica; historia enseñada; libro de texto; conceptualizaciones; futuro profesorado.
Avaliação de desempenho organizacional no setor comercial de uma empresa de cursos profissionalizantes
Authors: Oliveira Jessé da Silva , Leopoldino Cláudio Bezerra
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo aborda uma pesquisa realizada em uma instituição de ensino profissionalizante, a respeito dos processos de avaliação de desempenho individual dos colaboradores do seu setor comercial. A investigação foi de natureza qualitativa e empregou a observação, o questionário e a análise de documentos como meios de coleta de dados. Observou-se que a empresa era inflexível em seus processos avaliativos, demitindo sumariamente os empregados que não atingissem as metas em curto espaço de tempo, gerando rotatividade e custos. Adicionalmente, certos aspectos básicos da avaliação de desempenho como o feedback e transparência eram ignorados. Constatou-se que com pequenas modificações, o modelo vigente poderia, sem perder suas características, equilibrar melhor a avaliação do desempenho dos indivíduos e o desenvolvimento das pessoas que compõem o corpo funcional da organização.
Biodiesel e transporte urbano: uma visão acerca da pesquisa acadêmica na web of science nos últimos dez anos
Authors: Rodrigues Glauco Oliveira , Silva Gustavo Chiapinotto da , Gazzoni Fernando , Schneider Jardel Romeu , Drago Henrique Faverzani , Falkembach Marcos Morgental
Published: September 2021

O objetivo do trabalho consiste em identificar as principais características da produção científica internacional relacionada ao Biodiesel e transporte urbano nos últimos dez anos. O estudo possui natureza exploratória, caracteriza-se quanto a abordagem como quantitativo e para fins da sua operacionalização foi desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa bibliométrica, objetivando ampliar o conhecimento referente às publicações internacionais relacionadas ao tema Biodiesel na base de dados Web of Science no período de 2010 a 2019. Os resultados revelam que as publicações na área têm aumentado gradativamente ao longo do tempo e que a maioria das pesquisas foram publicadas no periódico Energy Fuels.  O autor com maior número de publicações sobre este tema foi Masjuki HH. Como limitação do estudo, destaca-se a sua realização utilizando apenas em uma base de dados específica. Como sugestão para trabalhos futuros pode-se ampliar o escopo dos meios de publicação.
Some two-point boundary value problems for systems of higher order functional differential equations
Authors: Mukhigulashvili Sulkhan
Published: September 2021

In the paper we study the question of the solvability and unique solvability of systems of the higher order differential equations with the argument deviations \begin{equation*} u_i^{(m_i)}(t)=p_i(t)u_{i+1}(\tau _{i}(t))+ q_i(t), (i=\overline {1, n}), \text {for $t\in I:=[a, b]$}, \end{equation*} and \begin{equation*}u_i^{(m_i)} (t)=F_{i}(u)(t)+q_{0i}(t), (i = \overline {1, n}), \text {for $ t\in I$}, \end{equation*} under the conjugate $u_i^{(j_1-1)}(a)=a_{i j_1}$, $u_i^{(j_2-1)}(b)=b_{i j_2}$, $j_1=\overline {1, k_i}$, $j_2=\overline {1, m_i-k_i}$, $i=\overline {1, n}$, and the right-focal $u_i^{(j_1-1)}(a)=a_{i j_1}$, $u_i^{(j_2-1)}(b)=b_{i j_2}$, $j_1=\overline {1, k_i}$, $j_2=\overline {k_i+1,m_i}$, $i=\overline {1, n}$, boundary conditions, where $u_{n+1}=u_1, $ $n\geq 2, $ $m_i\geq 2, $ $p_i \in L_{\infty }(I; R), $ $q_i, q_{0i}\in L(I; R), $ $\tau _i\colon I\to I$ are the measurable functions, $F_i$ are the local Caratheodory's class operators, and $k_i$ is the integer part of the number $m_i/2$.In the paper are obtained the efficient sufficient conditions that guarantee the unique solvability of the linear problems and take into the account explicitly the effect of argument deviations, and on the basis of these results are proved new conditions of the solvability and unique solvability for the nonlinear problems.
On transfinite diameters in $\mathbb{C}^{d}$ for generalized notions of degree
Authors: Levenberg Norman , Wielonsky Franck
Published: September 2021

We give a general formula for the $C$-transfinite diameter $\delta_C(K)$ of a compact set $K\subset \mathbb{C}^2$ which is a product of univariate compacta where $C\subset (\mathbb{R}^+)^2$ is a convex body. Along the way we prove a Rumely type formula relating $\delta_C(K)$ and the $C$-Robin function $\rho_{V_{C,K}}$ of the $C$-extremal plurisubharmonic function $V_{C,K}$ for $C \subset (\mathbb{R}^+)^2$ a triangle $T_{a,b}$ with vertices $(0,0)$, $(b,0)$, $(0,a)$. Finally, we show how the definition of $\delta_C(K)$ can be extended to include many nonconvex bodies $C\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ for $d$-circled sets $K\subset \mathbb{C}^d$, and we prove an integral formula for $\delta_C(K)$ which we use to compute a formula for $\delta_C(\mathbb{B})$ where $\mathbb{B}$ is the Euclidean unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^2$.
DON IZ HAR ONDT I MAVEN: Delt social erfaring og sameksisterende refleksiviteter
Authors: Hervik Peter
Published: September 2021

Peter Hervik: Don Iz’ Stomach Aches.

Shared Social Experience and Co-

Existing Reflexivities

This article delimits a locus of study

centered on the notion of shared social experience

which draws on the author’s

fieldwork among the Mayas of Yucatan in

Mexico. Shared social experience concems

the conscious identity of the ethnographer,

the nature of relationships with local informants,

and his or her willingness to be enganged

in the lived experince of native actors.

Only if we engage ourselves direetly

in the practical and emotional concems of

others in the field can we demystify subjectivity

and gain insight into other reflexivities

and reflexivities in their interactional

mode.
ANTROPOLOGIENS HEMMELIGHED: Refleksioner over etnografens rolle i studiet af hemmelige ritualer
Authors: Højbjerg Christian Kordt
Published: September 2021

Christian Kordt Højbjerg: The Secret of

Anthropology. Reflections on the Ethnographer’s

Role in the Study of Secret Rituals.

The article gives an account of an apparently

hopeless effort to study men’s secret association

and its masked figure among the Loma

in Guinea. The secret mask is purposely

withheld during the ethnographer’s stay, and

he is not allowed to assist in the meetings of

the men’s society taking place in the sacred

grove. However, the student possesses prior

knowledge about the mask, and information

from the meetings is transmitted constantly.

Therefore, nothing is in faet held secret to

the ethnographer, and the leaders of the

men’s association seem to be aware of it.

Still, secrecy is being practiced by the people

chosen as the object of study. An essential

aspect of secrecy is hereby revealed. Despite

its emptiness, it is efficient in its patteming

of social relations. The methodological point

is that in anthropology, subjectivity can be a

means to objectivity. Not by focusing too

exelusively on the observing scientist, but

rather in the sense that the staging of the

ethnographic encounter by the anthropologist

produces a miscalculation permitting an

understanding of the scientific object. A sort

of role inversion is taking place. The anthropologist

realizes that he has become the victim

of an illusion about the nature of secrecy,

and that he has been subjected to the practice

of secrecy. This lived experience leads to a

concluding observation about the common

but reversed strategies of staging inherent in

secrecy and anthropology. While secrecy deliberately

and inevitably reveals a part of itself

in order to conceal, anthropology is on

the contrary inevitably concealing reality

when constructing its object. But just as secrecy

implies concealment, anthropology is

compelled to unmask reality, at least as a regulative

principle, if it is not to lose its status

as a scientific discipline.
John Liep og Karen Fog Olwig (red.): Komplekse liv: Kulturel mangfoldighed i Danmark
Authors: Eriksen Thomas Hylland
Published: September 2021

Komplekse liv: Kulturel mangfoldighed i Danmark.

Anmeldes af Thomas Hylland Eriksen.
SMÅ SKRIDT ELLER ET KÆMPE SPRING: Indfødte folk og de Forenede Nationer
Authors: Burger Julian
Published: September 2021

Julian Burger: Small steps or a giant leap:

Indigenous people and the United Nations

For the first five decades of the existence of

the United Nations indigenous people have

been absent from the deliberations of the

world organization. But over the last fifteen

years small but significant changes have occured.

The article describes the development

of how the indigenous voice „stepwise“,

has gained more and more resonance inside

the United Nations system. A short history

of The Working Group of Indigenous

Populations is sketched, elaborating on its

most important achievement, the draft declaration

on the rights of indigenous peoples.

The author outlines the innovating proposals

of this unique document, as well as its contested

status for some States, specifically

conceming the issue of defining the controversial

concept of self-determination.

Among other activities, initiated by the United

Nations on indigenous matters, the article

emphazises the studies on historie treaties

and indigenous cultural and intellectual

property, as well as expert seminars on racism,

self-govemment, sustainable development,

and land rights. Finally an assesment is

made on the possible outeome of the Year

and the Decade of Indigenous Peoples, the

outeome of which, hopefully, could be a permanent

forum for indigenous peoples inside

the United Nations system.
BEVIDSTGØRELSE SOM ETISK AKTIVITET OG ANTROPOLOGISK METODE
Authors: Ringberg Torsten
Published: September 2021

BEVIDSTGØRELSE SOM ETISK AKTIVITET

OG ANTROPOLOGISK METODE
FJER OM MULEN VED MORGENGRY: Om brugen af dyremetaforer i det danske politi
Authors: Holmberg Lars
Published: September 2021

Lars Holmberg: The Use of Animal Metaphors

in the Danish Police

From within the framework of international

research on the police, especially the notion

of “real policework” and the categorisation

of citizens, this article discusses the views on

society held by the Danish police. The population

of Denmark is percieved by the police

to be divided between “customers” (i.e. criminals)

and “good Danish citizens”. The

border between these categories is maintained

partly by applying animal metaphors

to the customers, thereby strengthening the

notion of criminality as being of animal nature.

The article discusses the use of metaphors

and the hierarchy that is revealed in police

notions not only of society but of the

police organisation as well. The last part of

the article deals with the tasks of the

“community police”, their marginalized position

in the police organization, and the special

relationship they share with their clients.

It is argued that the practice of the community

policemen has a significant impact on

their views on crime-related issues, and that

a change of practice might have considerable

effect on both the views and the work of the

police as a whole.
DET ZOOFILE ÅRHUNDREDE
Authors: Knudsen Anne
Published: September 2021

Anne Knudsen: The Century of Zoophilia

Taking as her point of departure the protests

against a dying child having his last wish fulfilled

because his wish was to kill a bear, the

author argues that animals have achieved a

higher moral status than that of humans during

the 20th century. The status of animals

(and of “nature”) is seen as a consequence of

their muteness which on the one hånd makes

it impossible for animals to lie, and which on

the other hånd allows humans to imagine

what animals would say, if they spoke. The

development toward zoophilia is explained

as a a logical consequence of the cultural naturalisation

of humans, and the author draws

the conclusion that we may end up entirely

without animals as a category. This hypothetical

situation will lead to juridical as well as

philosophical complications.
DYREETIK
Authors: Sandøe Peter
Published: September 2021

Peter Sandøe: The Ethics of Animals

The paper is about man’s duties to animals. It

consists of two main parts. The first part is a

critical discussion of the view, influential in

western philosophy, that we have no moral

obligations to animals. Particularly two lines

of argument are discussed. This first is the

argument inspired by Aristotle and Thomas

Aquinas, that animals have no moral standing

because they lack rationality. The second

is the argument, inspired by René Descartes,

that we owe no moral consideration

to animals because they, allegedly, lack consciousness.

The author concludes that both

arguments fail, and that we ought to accept a

moral obligation to look after the interests of

animals. The second part is a discussion of

modem animal production. Broiler chickens,

battery hens, veal calves, tethered and

stalled sows and other farm animals will often

suffer and will all lack the ability to do

things which could contribute to their “positive

welfare”. The interests of these animals

are set aside so that the production can be as

efficient as possible. Consequently consumers

are able to buy very cheap meat and

other animal products. However, in the rich

part of the world there is no reason to think

that these cheap products are vital to human

interests. There is a discussion of methods

for measuring the welfare of farm animals.

Finally, there is a presentation of intitiatives

to improve the welfare of farm animals in

Denmark and the EU.
TRETTEN MÅDER AT BETRAGTE EN SOLSORT PÅ
Authors: Schwartz Jonathan
Published: September 2021

En etnografisk refleksion over Wallace Slevens’ digt og

Poul Borums danske oversættelse
AT STANDSE STRØMMEN: Om religionsantropologisk: ikonoklasme og fremtidens antropologi
Authors: Højberg Christian Kordt
Published: September 2021

CAROLINE HUMPHREY AND JAMES LAIDLAW: The Archetypal Actions of Ritual:

A theory of ritual illustrated by the Jain rite of worship. Oxford: Clarendon Press

312 sider. ISBN 0-19-827788-1. Pris: £ 30.00 (hbk.). ISBN 0-19-8279477. Pris:

£ 14.95 (pbk.).

IAN KEEN: Knowledge and Secrecy in an Aboriginal Religion: Yolngu of North-East

Amhem Land. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1994.368 sider, illustreret. ISBN 0-19-827900-

Pris: £ 35.00 (hbk.).
James R: Lehning: Peasant and French. Cultural Contact in Rural France During the Nineteenth Century.
Authors: Knudsen Anne
Published: September 2021

Cultural Contact in Rural France During the Nineteenth Century.

Anmeldes af Anne Knudsen.
Marcel Mauss: Gaven. Utvekslingens form og årsak i arkaiske samfunn.
Authors: Liep John
Published: September 2021

Anmeldes af John Liep.
ETNOGRAFEN
Authors: Borges Jorge Luis
Published: September 2021

Fra El Hacedor (1960), Emece Editores S.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Tidsskriftet Antropologi takker forlaget Basilisk for tilladelse til at genoptrykke teksten, der

foreligger pa dansk i „Borges - en antologi". Sjakalens Beduinserie, 1983; redigeret og oversat

af Per Aage Brandt, Irma Kobak, Annemarie Salomonsen og Karl Erik Schblhammer.
FELTARBEJDE OM ETNISK IDENTITET: Et canadisk indiansk samfund i 1990’eme
Authors: Braroe Niels Winther
Published: September 2021

Niels Winther Braroe: Fieldwork on

Ethnic Identity: A Canadian Indian

Community in the 1990’s

This article describes some obstacles to

fieldwork in a Plains Cree Indian com-munity.

The research is a continuation of study

begun in the 1960’s, after an absence of

twenty-five years. Two areas of “trouble” are

discussed. The first has to do with the effects

of a book about the community published by

the author; the second set of difficulties

results from newly emergent factional

divisions on the reserve. Both of these are

relevant to the author’s interest in changing

expressions of ethnic identity of the band,

and political and economic changes associated

with a new Indian cultural self-image.

The author describes some approaches taken

to negotiate these obstacles.
TEATRETS RUM: En analyse af scenen i Shakespeares verden
Authors: Hastrup Kirsten
Published: September 2021

Kirsten Hastrup: Theatre’s Space. An

Analysis of the Stage in the World of

Shakespeare

In this article it is suggested that historically

and structurally, Shakespeare’s theatre

belongs to a liminal space, on the threshold

of the city, and of order. This position makes

it possible for the theatre to incorporate the

contradictions of society. The stage itself is

an empty space, ready to be impregnated by

the imagination of both players and

audience. The nature of illusion on stage is

discussed, and it is argued that on stage the

distinction between illusion and reality

dissolves. Theatre, on the whole, is a “site of

passage” where one is transported between

worlds, equally real and powerful.
HVOR BOR DE VILDE? Erindringer om identitet og politik i Amazonas
Authors: Hvalkof Søren
Published: September 2021

Søren Hvalkof: Where are the Savages?

Memories of Identity and Politics in the

Amazon

The author’s personal experience with a

conventional study tour to the Peruvian

Andes that metamorphosed into an ethnographic

joumey of the Amazon, highlights

the central importance of the ethnographic

field work as anthropology’s phenomenological

soul. The case of the Asheninka of

the Peruvian Amazon is used to show why

the ethnographic description is crucial to the

realization of the political potentials inherent

in non-Westem societies. Using classificatory

models of ethnic and social identity

developed by Dr. Niels Fock and rethinking

them in the context of power, the

epistemological contrast between the

developmentalist and essentialist monolith

of Western thinking and the indigenous, nonessentialist,

multicentric and particularistic

universe is demonstrated. The recent

political success of the latter is related to the

potentials released through the growing

process of globalization. An anecdote from

the field epitomizes the choices made by the

Asheninka.
ORDEN I KLASSIFIKATIONEN: Om repræsentationen og udbredelsen af religiøs viden
Authors: Højbjerg Christian Kordt
Published: September 2021

Christian Kordt Højbjerg: The Order of

Classification. On the Representation and

Distribution of Religions Knowledge

The purpose of the article is to present and

discuss the apparent contradiction between

differentiated cognition and cultural

consensus with regard to the religious

category sale among the Loma people in

Guinea and Liberia. Opposing traditional

classificatory approaches to cultural

knowledge in anthropology, it is argued that

the complex religious category is more

adequately rendered through a cognitive and

distributive approach. The first part of the

article identifies three different, although

frequently coexisting mechanisms of distribution

and acquisition of sale knowledge,

which are labeled respectively continuous

(semantic memory), discontinuous (episodic

memory), and esoteric (secret knowledge

acquisition). In the second part, an analysis

of a sacrificial ritual leads to the conclusion

that the sale category is an awkward

classificatory case, which helps to build

cognitive bridges between separate domains

of reality. This general cognitive quality of

the sale category serves to apprehend sale as

a collectively shared representation,

irrespective of its multi-vocality and

differentiated cognition.
ADSKILT, FORBUNDET, FORENET: Totemistisk praksis på Rossel Island
Authors: Liep John
Published: September 2021

John Liep: Separated, Linked, and

United: Totemic Practice on Rossel Island

Matrilineal clans on Rossel Island, Papua

New Guinea have so-called “linked totems”

of bird, plant and fish as well as a fourth

totem which is an individual snake,

crocodile or dugong. Further investigation

disclosed that these emblems and sacred

animals are both used to distinguish clans

and subclans and to unite linked subclans of

different clans. Further, individual geographical

features of subclan territories mark

out territorial as well as symbolic

possessions that are likewise used to “think”

separation as well as unification of social

groups. A minor point of the discussion is

that totems serve as vehicles of metaphor as

Levi-Strauss emphasized, but also as

metonyms which he underplayed. A second,

and major, point is that territorial categories

and relations which we tend to regard as

“economic” may also be part of a totemic

symbolic practice.
MATACOMYTER
Authors: Westman Bror
Published: September 2021

Bror Westman: Mataco Myths

Taking a point of departure in Levi-Strauss’

concept of the myth as movement in

different ways, the article deals with Mataco

myths as they have been recorded by Niels

Fock during his field work among the

Mataco of Gran Chaco in the northern part of

Argentina between 1958 and 1962. The form

of this body of myths is seen as one of

variation and movement, and the contents

are understood as dealing with becoming a

human being, a cultural being. The figures

Sipilak, the culture hero, and Tokuah, the

bungler, play important roles in the myths.

They incamate different principles, rule over

different domains, create different

phenomena, and act in different ways. Also

the elements fire, water, air, and earth are

dealt with in the myths. The universe of the

myths is static, moving however between

different levels, and the identities of the

figures of the myths change. The myths are

variations of each other and tell about the

sensuous sides of life. The myths deal with

concrete, tangible experience.
HINKELINKE OG HALTEFANDEN
Authors: Knudsen Anne
Published: September 2021

EU for antropologer
„VI ISLAMISTER.. Distinktion og drama i islamisk aktivisme
Authors: Christiansen Connie Carøe
Published: September 2021

Connie Carøe Christiansen: “We,

Islamists”. Distinetion and Drama in

Islamic Activism

In the town of Fes the Islamic activists have

now accepted Islamist as a term of selfdesignation.

In the continuous drama of a

rivalry between comrades and Islamists at

the university campus, the Islamists are

recreating themselves as Islamists. This

struggle, as well as other activities of the

Islamists, is reinforcing an objectifying

approach to the world. The social space of

the university is a polarized space where

both political groups are trying to obtain

visibility by various activities on the

campus, which in a sense can be regarded as

a stage. Their offer of a political standpoint,

however, is often rejected and the vast

majority of the Moroccan youth present

themselves as uninterested in politics. They

are in reality exeluded from formal political

participation. The ability to objectify may

act as support for the ascendent middle class

in Morocco where politics has been tumed

into an activity for elite families which are

allied with the powerful king, Hassan II. At

the university, however, political organizing

is something that is quite easily accomplished,

but at the same time it is monitored

and controlled by the police. The political

activities of the university students,

therefore, have little real effeet, which only

adds to the impression of them as

exaggerated, as if having a melodramatic

character. The Islamist, female students are

not involved in the physical confrontations

between comrades and brothers. Rather,

necessitated by stereotype ideas on the

Muslim woman as dumb and duil, they are

engaged in a struggle of distinction. In this

struggle they are implicitly distancing

themselves from their “ordinary Muslim”

sisters, the uneducated Muslim woman and

the female students who let the religion play

a minor part in their lives. This also involves

objectifying processes. The Islamist women

place impetus on the hijab but have also

realized that this device does not suffice as a

signal of commitment to the Islamist cause,

because anybody can wear a hijab, calling

for evemew devices of distinction. At doser

look, the Islamists may have more in

common with their secularist rivals than

might be expected if one judges from the

dramatic rivalry at the university. The

women at least seem to be more concemed

with distancing themselves from the

ordinary Muslim woman, in order to make it

possible to be recognized as being, at one

and the same time, a woman, a Muslim, and

an intellectual.