bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphology of Emoleptalea nwanedi n. sp. from Schilbe intermedius from Nwanedi-Luphephe Dam, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: King P. H. , Smit W. J. , Baker C. , Luus-Powell W. J.
Published: January 2018

A new species, Emoleptalea nwanedi n. sp. is described from the intestine of Schilbe intermedius, the silver catfish or butter barbel, from the Nwanedi-Luphephe Dam in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Fish were collected using gill nets where after they were euthanised and dissected. The parasites were sampled, fixed in 70 % EtOH and stained with Van Cleave’s haematoxylin. This species represents an addition to the African cluster of Emoleptalea species previously described and differs from the known species due to its unique size, equal size of oral and ventral suckers, position of ovary and seminal receptacle, number of vitelline follicles and their size, as well as the unique ciliated receptors on the wall of the acetabulum. This is the first record of this parasite from the silver catfish and from southern Africa.
Cultural Identities in Sustaining Religious Communities in the Arctic Region: An Ethnographic Analysis of Religiosity from the Northern Viewpoint
Authors: Yeasmin Nafisa
Published: January 2018

Northern countries are facing the challenges of declining human capital, and admitting immigrants, many of whom belong to religious minorities, to satisfy the demand for labour. If northern societies accept multiculturalism and immigrants, they should not disregard the cultures and religious practices (for example, ritual slaughter) of immigrants, as they need to survive and integrate as a minority community in a secular society. However, there is clash between secularism and religions permitting animal slaughter, which is prohibited by some and allowed by other European countries. Community viability and sustainability depend partly on the exercise of community beliefs and ideology that support identity behaviour. This study will present an ethnographic analysis of the religiosity related to ritual slaughter and Muslim cultural identity in the European Arctic region and explore how religious relativism and practice sustain the community and support the overall integration of the Muslim minority in the North.
The Modified Otago Exercises Prevent Grip Strength Deterioration Among Older Fallers in the Malaysian Falls Assessment and Intervention Trial (MyFAIT)
Authors: Liew Lin Kiat , Tan Maw Pin , Tan Pey June , Mat Sumaiyah , Majid Lokman A. , Hill Keith D. , Mazlan Mazlina
Published: January 2018

Background and Purpose:

Exercise-based interventions, such as the Otago Exercise Program (OEP), are effective in preventing falls in the older adult. Previous studies evaluating the OEP have determined falls, lower limb strength, or balance outcomes but with lack of assessment of hand grip strength. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of OEP on hand grip strength alongside mobility and balance outcomes.

Methods:

This was a single-center, prospective, and single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted at the University Malaya Medical Centre. Patients older than 65 years presenting to the hospital emergency department or geriatric clinic with 1 injurious fall or 2 falls in the past year and with impaired functional mobility were included in the study. The intervention group received a modified OEP intervention (n = 34) for 3 months, while the control group received conventional care (n = 33). All participants were assessed at baseline and 6 months.

Results:

Twenty-four participants in both OEP and control groups completed the 6-month follow-up assessments. Within-group analyses revealed no difference in grip strength in the OEP group (P = 1.00, right hand; P = .55, left hand), with significant deterioration in grip strength in the control group (P = .01, right hand; P = .005, left hand). Change in grip strength over 6 months significantly favored the OEP group (P = .047, right hand; P = .004, left hand). Significant improvements were also observed in mobility and balance in the OEP group.

Conclusions:

In addition to benefits in mobility and balance, the OEP also prevents deterioration in upper limb strength. Additional benefits of exercise interventions for secondary prevention of falls in term of sarcopenia and frailty should also be evaluated in the future.
Dorsal Raphe Serotonin Neurons Mediate CO2-Induced Arousal from Sleep
Authors: Smith Haleigh R. , Leibold Nicole K. , Rappoport Daniel A. , Ginapp Callie M. , Purnell Benton S. , Bode Nicole M. , Alberico Stephanie L. , Kim Young-Cho , Audero Enrica , Gross Cornelius T. , Buchanan Gordon F.
Published: January 2018

Arousal from sleep in response to CO2is a critical protective phenomenon. Dysregulation of CO2-induced arousal contributes to morbidity and mortality from prevalent diseases, such as obstructive sleep apnea and sudden infant death syndrome. Despite the critical nature of this protective reflex, the precise mechanism for CO2-induced arousal is unknown. Because CO2is a major regulator of breathing, prevailing theories suggest that activation of respiratory chemo- and mechano-sensors is required for CO2-induced arousal. However, populations of neurons that are not involved in the regulation of breathing are also chemosensitive. Among these are serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) that comprise a component of the ascending arousal system. We hypothesized that direct stimulation of these neurons with CO2could cause arousal from sleep independently of enhancing breathing. Dialysis of CO2-rich acidified solution into DRN, but not medullary raphe responsible for modulating breathing, caused arousal from sleep. Arousal was lost in mice with a genetic absence of 5-HT neurons, and with acute pharmacological or optogenetic inactivation of DRN 5-HT neurons. Here we demonstrate that CO2can cause arousal from sleep directly, without requiring enhancement of breathing, and that chemosensitive 5-HT neurons in the DRN critically mediate this arousal. Better understanding mechanisms underlying this protective reflex may lead to interventions to reduce disease-associated morbidity and mortality.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough CO2-induced arousal is critical to a number of diseases, the specific mechanism is not well understood. We previously demonstrated that serotonin (5-HT) neurons are important for CO2-induced arousal, as mice without 5-HT neurons do not arouse to CO2. Many have interpreted this to mean that medullary 5-HT neurons that regulate breathing are important in this arousal mechanism. Here we found that direct application of CO2-rich aCSF to the dorsal raphe nucleus, but not the medullary raphe, causes arousal from sleep, and that this arousal was lost with genetic ablation or acute inhibition of 5-HT neurons. We propose that 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus can be activated directly by CO2to cause arousal independently of respiratory activation.
Saliency Detection as a Reactive Process: Unexpected Sensory Events Evoke Corticomuscular Coupling
Authors: Novembre Giacomo , Pawar Vijay M. , Bufacchi Rory J. , Kilintari Marina , Srinivasan Mandayam , Rothwell John C. , Haggard Patrick , Iannetti Gian Domenico
Published: January 2018

Survival in a fast-changing environment requires animals not only to detect unexpected sensory events, but also to react. In humans, these salient sensory events generate large electrocortical responses, which have been traditionally interpreted within the sensory domain. Here we describe a basic physiological mechanism coupling saliency-related cortical responses with motor output. In four experiments conducted on 70 healthy participants, we show that salient substartle sensory stimuli modulate isometric force exertion by human participants, and that this modulation is tightly coupled with electrocortical activity elicited by the same stimuli. We obtained four main results. First, the force modulation follows a complex triphasic pattern consisting of alternating decreases and increases of force, time-locked to stimulus onset. Second, this modulation occurs regardless of the sensory modality of the eliciting stimulus. Third, the magnitude of the force modulation is predicted by the amplitude of the electrocortical activity elicited by the same stimuli. Fourth, both neural and motor effects are not reflexive but depend on contextual factors. Together, these results indicate that sudden environmental stimuli have an immediate effect on motor processing, through a tight corticomuscular coupling. These observations suggest that saliency detection is not merely perceptive but reactive, preparing the animal for subsequent appropriate actions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSalient events occurring in the environment, regardless of their modalities, elicit large electrical brain responses, dominated by a widespread “vertex” negative-positive potential. This response is the largest synchronization of neural activity that can be recorded from a healthy human being. Current interpretations assume that this vertex potential reflects sensory processes. Contrary to this general assumption, we show that the vertex potential is strongly coupled with a modulation of muscular activity that follows the same pattern. Both the vertex potential and its motor effects are not reflexive but strongly depend on contextual factors. These results reconceptualize the significance of these evoked electrocortical responses, suggesting that saliency detection is not merely perceptive but reactive, preparing the animal for subsequent appropriate actions.
Progranulin Gene Therapy Improves Lysosomal Dysfunction and Microglial Pathology Associated with Frontotemporal Dementia and Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
Authors: Arrant Andrew E. , Onyilo Vincent C. , Unger Daniel E. , Roberson Erik D.
Published: January 2018

Loss-of-function mutations in progranulin, a lysosomal glycoprotein, cause neurodegenerative disease. Progranulin haploinsufficiency causes frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and complete progranulin deficiency causesCLN11neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). Progranulin replacement is a rational therapeutic strategy for these disorders, but there are critical unresolved mechanistic questions about a progranulin gene therapy approach, including its potential to reverse existing pathology. Here, we address these issues using an AAV vector (AAV-Grn) to deliver progranulin inGrn−/−mice (both male and female), which model aspects of NCL and FTD pathology, developing lysosomal dysfunction, lipofuscinosis, and microgliosis. We first tested whether AAV-Grncould improve preexisting pathology. Even with treatment after onset of pathology, AAV-Grnreduced lipofuscinosis in several brain regions ofGrn−/−mice. AAV-Grnalso reduced microgliosis in brain regions distant from the injection site. AAV-expressed progranulin was only detected in neurons, not in microglia, indicating that the microglial activation in progranulin deficiency can be improved by targeting neurons and thus may be driven at least in part by neuronal dysfunction. Even areas with sparse transduction and almost undetectable progranulin showed improvement, indicating that low-level replacement may be sufficiently effective. The beneficial effects of AAV-Grndid not require progranulin binding to sortilin. Finally, we tested whether AAV-Grnimproved lysosomal function. AAV-derived progranulin was delivered to the lysosome, ameliorated the accumulation of LAMP-1 inGrn−/−mice, and corrected abnormal cathepsin D activity. These data shed light on progranulin biology and support progranulin-boosting therapies for NCL and FTD due toGRNmutations.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHeterozygous loss-of-function progranulin (GRN) mutations cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and homozygous mutations cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). Here, we address several mechanistic questions about the potential of progranulin gene therapy for these disorders.GRNmutation carriers with NCL or FTD exhibit lipofuscinosis andGrn−/−mouse models develop a similar pathology. AAV-mediated progranulin delivery reduced lipofuscinosis inGrn−/−mice even after the onset of pathology. AAV delivered progranulin only to neurons, not microglia, but improved microgliosis in several brain regions, indicating cross talk between neuronal and microglial pathology. Its beneficial effects were sortilin independent. AAV-derived progranulin was delivered to lysosomes and corrected lysosomal abnormalities. These data providein vivosupport for the efficacy of progranulin-boosting therapies for FTD and NCL.
Repressive Chromatin in Caenorhabditis elegans: Establishment, Composition, and Function
Authors: Ahringer Julie , Gasser Susan M
Published: January 2018

Chromatin is organized and compacted in the nucleus through the association of histones and other proteins, which together control genomic activity. Two broad types of chromatin can be distinguished: euchromatin, which is generally transcriptionally active, and heterochromatin, which is repressed. Here we examine the current state of our understanding of repressed chromatin in Caenorhabditis elegans, focusing on roles of histone modifications associated with repression, such as methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2/3) or the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (MES-2/3/6)-deposited modification H3K27me3, and on proteins that recognize these modifications. Proteins involved in chromatin repression are important for development, and have demonstrated roles in nuclear organization, repetitive element silencing, genome integrity, and the regulation of euchromatin. Additionally, chromatin factors participate in repression with small RNA pathways. Recent findings shed light on heterochromatin function and regulation in C. elegans, and should inform our understanding of repressed chromatin in other animals.
Pratarmė
Authors: Skukauskaitė Audra , Rupšienė Liudmila , Koro Catarina Player , Beach Dennis
Published: January 2018

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Interviu pokalbiuose atsispindinčių daugiasluoksnių prasmių sisteminė analizė: interakcinės etnografijos požiūris ir jo konceptualūs pagrindai
Authors: Skukauskaitė Audra
Published: January 2018

Šio straipsnio pirmoje dalyje pateikiami sociolingvistiniai, kritinio diskurso analizės ir langua kultūros konceptų pagrindai, kuriais remiantis interviu konceptualizuojamas kaip pokalbis, kuriame tyrėjas ir dalyvis kartu kuria ne tik interviu pokalbio tematiką ir procesus, bet ir kontekstus, kurie tampa svarbūs daugialypėms interviu pokalbio reikšmėms atskleisti. Antroje straipsnio dalyje atskleidžiami keturi interakcinės etnografijos principai, padedantys sistemiškai analizuoti, kaip žmonės, gyvendami ir bendraudami tam tikroje aplinkoje ir langua kultūrinėje grupėje, diskursyviai formuoja tam tikrus požiūrius, veiksmus ir supratimą apie save, savo grupę ir juos supantį pasaulį. Pirmasis principas, etnografija kaip dinamiška, nelinijinė sistema, tyrėjui padeda susikoncentruoti į daugialypių požiūrių atskleidimą, dažnai analizę pradedant nuo kalbinio kultūrinio bendravimo išsiskiriančių svaros taškų (angl. rich points). Antrasis principas, etnocentrizmo atsisakymas, skatina etnografą pažvelgti į tiriamą grupę, reiškinį ar išsakomas mintis iš vietinių (insaiderių) esminės perspektyvos, kartu reflektyviai suprantant ir atidedant savo nuomones ir patirtis. Trečiasis principas, ribų pasirinkimas ir atskleidimas, skatina tyrimo skaidrumą ir tyrėjui primena, kad visi teoriniai, metodologiniai, technologiniai ir kiti pasirinkimai turi būti atskleisti, taip parodant tyrimo apimtį ir tos apimties įtaką pateikiant vienokius ar kitokius duomenimis grindžiamus argumentus. Ketvirtasis principas, ryšių paieška, skatina tyrėją remtis skirtingais duomenų šaltiniais, teorijomis, literatūra, metodais ir perspektyvomis bei ieškoti įvairios informacijos ryšio, taip pat neatitikčių. Šis principas taip pat primena, kad kalbinei kultūrai suprasti reikia atsižvelgti ir į įvairų kontekstą, kuriame žmonės gyvena, kalba ir kuria tam tikrą pasaulio, kultūros ir savęs bei savo veiksmų supratimą. Tie kontekstai gali būti nacionaliniai, instituciniai, globalūs, tarpasmeniniai, individualūs ir kt. Aprašius keturis interakcinės etnografijos principus, trečioje straipsnio dalyje pateikiamas pavyzdys, kuriame interviu pokalbio ištrauka apie mokytojos darbo paskyrimą į mokyklą, analizuojama dviem lygmenimis – diskurso analize ir interakcine etnografijos analize. Šia analize parodoma, kaip diskurso analizė, siejama su socioistoriniu, etnografiniu požiūriu paremta analize, padeda atskleisti daugialypes, interviu pokalbyje konstruotas, reikšmes ir tų reikšmių kontekstą. Straipsnyje taip pat pabrėžiama epistemologinio ir metodologinio skaidrumo svarba.
Kokybinių tyrimų metodologijų mokymas ir mokymasis Lietuvoje besivystančios doktorantų edukacijos kontekste
Authors: Skukauskaitė Audra , Rupšienė Liudmila
Published: January 2018

Kokybinių tyrimų metodologijos mokymasis ir mokymasis doktorantūroje yra mažai tiriamas, bet tai svarbi tyrimų sritis, turint mintyje mokslininkų, gebančių savo kokybiškais tyrimais atliepti lokalios bendruomenės ir globalios visuomenės poreikius bei besivystančias kokybinių tyrimų metodologijas, rengimą. Kita vertus, tarptautiniu mastu mokslinėje literatūroje ypač mažai reprezentuojama besivystančių neanglakalbių šalių doktorantų edukacija. Todėl, siekdami atliepti šią spragą, nagrinėjame kokybinių tyrimų mokymą ir mokymąsi tyrimų metodologijos kurse Lietuvoje. Straipsnyje analizuojami duomenys, gauti vykdant didesnę mokslinių tyrimų programą. Jie buvo renkami, naudojant interviu kaip pokalbį su socialinių ir humanitarinių mokslo krypčių doktorantūroje dėstančiais profesoriais ir doktorantais. Be to, lygia greta buvo atliekama dokumentų analizė, vykdomas formalus ir neformalus stebėjimas, renkami interviu dalyvių reflektyvūs pasakojimai ir kiti kontekstualūs bei kontrastiniai duomenys, reikalingi daugiasluoksnei analizei. Straipsnyje remiamasi vieno interviu su doktorante ir jos dviem dėstytojais analize. Šis atvejis reprezentuoja kitų interviu metų pateiktus pasakojimus tų doktorantų, kurie pastaraisiais metais doktorantūros studijų metu mokėsi kokybinių tyrimų metodologijos kaip studijų dalyko ar jo dalies. Tyrimas rodo jau atsiradusį gana stiprų šalies profesorių potencialą gerai parengti mokslininkus kokybiniams tyrimams atlikti, apgalvotą šiuolaikišką mokymą ir bent dalies jau dabar studijuojančių doktorantų įvairiapusišką bei pasaulinius standartus atitinkantį mokymąsi atlikti kokybinius tyrimus.
Insaiderių tiriamas savo akademinės kultūros susikaustymas (sąstingis) ir lankstumas: Barselonos universiteto atvejis
Authors: Sancho-Gil Juana M. , Hernández-Hernández Fernando
Published: January 2018

Straipsnyje aptariama, kaip siekis rasti prasmingesnių dėstymo ir mokymosi būdų aukštajame moksle paskatino atsižvelgti į šiuolaikines žinių ir mokymosi sampratas, susijusias su jaunimo vertybėmis, pvz., DIY kultūra (Spencer, 2005). Vykdant Europos projektą „DIYLab – Do It Yourself in Education: Expanding Digital Competence to Foster Student Agency and Collaborative Learning” („Pasidaryk pats edukacijoje: skaitmeninių kompetencijų plėtojimas skatinant studentų agentiškumą ir mokymąsi bendradarbiaujant“; http://diylab.eu tirta, kas nutinka, kai insaiderių grupė analizuoja savo pačių akademinę kultūrą, ir kaip tai susiję su etnografinio tyrimo ribomis ir galimybėmis edukologijoje. Remdamiesi Viveiros de Castro (2010), nagrinėjome savo universitetinės kultūros susikaustymą (sąstingį) ir lankstumą, kurie pasireiškė, stengiantis įdiegti už institucijos ribų atsiradusią ir išsivysčiusią mokymosi bei dalijimosi kultūrą. Precedento neturinti skaitmeninių technologijų plėtra skatina gilius socialinius, kultūrinius ir ekonominius pokyčius bei apima visas gyvenimo ir visuomenės sritis. Šiandien turėtų būti klausiama ne apie skaitmeninių technologijų naudojimo tikslingumą, bet labiau apie tai, kaip, kur ir kokiais edukaciniais tikslais jos turėtų būti naudojamos. Tačiau, kaip matyti iš pastarųjų edukacinių pokyčių tyrimų (Hargreaves, Shirley, 2009; Sancho, Alonso, 2012), reikšmingų permainų galima pasiekti tik įtraukiant mokytojus ir mokinius į sprendimų priėmimo procesus bei įtvirtinant naujas praktikas perspektyviausiais institucinės kultūros aspektais ir siejant su mokytojų profesinėmis žiniomis. Turėdami mintyje šį kontekstą, į Europos projektą „DIYlab“ įtraukėme: (a) pagrindinių DIY kultūros elementų nagrinėjimą ir (b) etnografinės pakraipos (Tacchi, Slater ir Hearn, 2003) dalyvaujančiojo veiklos tyrimo (Reason, Bradbury, 2001) atlikimą. Šiame straipsnyje pristatoma, kaip šis projektas įgyvendinamas Barselonos universitete, nagrinėjamas mūsų akademinės kultūros susikaustymas (sąstingis) ir lankstumas. Išanalizuoti duomenys rodo institucinių laikų ir erdvių nelankstumą, žinių sampratos fragmentiškumą, taip pat institucinius „plyšius“, per kuriuos skverbiasi atsinaujinanti, reikli mokymo ir mokymosi kultūra.
Kas archyvuojama etnografiniame archyve? Parodomasis atvejis: iššūkiai tiriant aukštajame moksle besivystančias interdisciplinines programas
Authors: Green Judith , Chian Monaliza , Stewart Ethny , Couch Stephanie
Published: January 2018

Straipsnyje gilinamasi į tai, kokias dedamąsias apima etnografinio archyvo įrašai, ir parodoma, su kokiais iššūkiais susidūrė mūsų interakcinės etnografijos (IE) grupė, tyrusi vidinės interakcinės etnografijos grupės surinktus archyvuotus įrašus, kai buvome pakviesti prisidėti prie vykdomo Mokymo plėtros projekto (MPP, angl. Instructional Development Project) dokumentavimo ir analizės. Išorinėje IE grupėje dalyvavo pagrindinis tyrėjas ir trys doktorantai, o vidinę IE grupę sudarė administracijos direktorius, profesorius iš organizacinės komunikacijos srities, projekto konsultantas ir du etnografai. Nors abi grupės rėmėsi interakcinės etnografijos (angl. Interactional Ethnography (IE) tyrimo logika, vis dėlto atliekant analizę teko susidurti su užtikrintumo ribų (Green, Baker, 2007) problema – kilo klausimas, kodėl buvo archyvuojami būtent tokie įrašai ir kas juose įrašyta. Siekiant atsakyti į šį klausimą, daryta papildomų įrašų, kuriais norėta plačiau išskleisti pradiniame įrašų archyve (vaizdo ir garso įrašuose, lauko užrašuose, dalyvių dialogų stenogramose ir artefaktuose) inskribuotas prasmes, veiksmus ir projekto kūrimo procesus. Įrašus papildžius susirašinėjimais su instruktoriumi el. paštu bei interviu su projekto nariais, tapo lengviau suprasti iteracinius ir rekursinius MPP procesus, kurių pagrindu sukurtas „geriausias šiuo metu siūlomas kursas“. Įsigilinimas į visą IE programos sudarymo procesą, kurio pagrindu sukurtas minėtas kursas, padėjo mūsų išorinei IE grupei geriau suprasti MPP grupės pristatomus įvykius, tekstus, dalyvius, erdves, laiką, prasmes ir konstruojamus veiksmus. Archyvo papildymas buvo naudingas tiriant istorinių įvykių ir institucinių kontekstų lygius, turėjusius įtakos tam, kuria kryptimi vystėsi MPP. Visa tai iškėlė papildomų klausimų: kada archyvas gali būti laikomas pilnu ir ko archyve gali trūkti nuodugniai vertinant konkrečios programos kūrimą skatinančius arba stabdančius veiksnius?
Psichiatrijos specializacijos medicinos studentų mokymosi stiprinimas: etnografinės įžvalgos
Authors: Fog-Petersen Cecilie , Borgnakke Karen , Arnfred Sidse
Published: January 2018

Psichiatrijos medicinos studentų rengimo kokybė atsiduria pavojuje, kai studentams nesuteikiama pakankamai galimybių įgyti praktinių žinių iš patyrusių psichiatrų ir dirbant su pacientais. Siekdami suteikti medicinos studentams, kurie specializuojasi psichiatrijoje, alternatyvią galimybę įgyti praktinių žinių apie pacientus, sukūrėme vaizdo biblioteką. Šiame straipsnyje aprašomas ilgalaikis tyrimas, kuriame tiriamos medicinos studentų mokymosi sąlygos klinikinės praktikos metu, koncentruojantis į stebėjimą, kaip vaizdo biblioteka naudojama kaip papildoma mokymosi priemonė. Tyrime taikomi etnografiniai metodai, kurie atliepia klinikinės praktikos metu kylančius iššūkius. Mokymosi situacijų tyrimo ir eksperimentinio vaizdo bibliotekos panaudojimo tyrimo pamatą sudaro psichiatrijos specializacijos medicinos studentų kasdienės klinikinės praktikos bei interviu po klinikinės praktikos veiklos stebėjimas. Tam, kad skaitytojui būtų lengviau suprasti medicinos studentų praktikos kontekstą, straipsnyje trumpai aprašomas psichiatrijos studijų organizavimas. Teorinį tyrimo pamatą sudaro Dreyfuso ir Dreyfuso mokymosi modelis, kuriame išskiriami praktinio mokymosi etapai, bei Lave ir Wengerio koncepcija, pagrindžianti situacinio mokymosi per klinikinę praktiką sąsajas su medicinos studentų, kaip naujokų, pasiekimais psichiatrijoje. Taip pat trumpai pristatomi pasirinktų metodų keliami iššūkiai.
An Econometric Validation of Malthusian Theory: Evidence in Nigeria
Authors: Sakanko Musa Abdullahi , David Joseph
Published: January 2018

Rising population is an asset, provided, the skills of the workforce are used to the maximum extent. If not appropriately channelized, it can be a liability for a nation. A skilled and hardworking population can emerge as a foundation for a country’s development. This study examines the validity of Malthusian Theory in Nigeria using time series data from 1960 to 2016, employs the ARDL bound test techniques. The result shows that in the long-run, population growth and food production move proportionately, while population growth poses a depleting effect on food production in the short-run, thus validating the incidence of Malthusian impact in Nigerian economy in the short-run. The researcher recommended the government should strategize plans, which will further intensify family planning and birth control measure, compulsory western education and revitalization of the agricultural sector.DOI: 10.150408/sjie.v7i1.6461
Injury and Mortality Among Children Identified as at High Risk of Maltreatment
Authors: Vaithianathan Rhema , Rouland Bénédicte , Putnam-Hornstein Emily
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To determine if children identified by a predictive risk model as at “high risk” of maltreatment are also at elevated risk of injury and mortality in early childhood.

METHODS:

We built a model that predicted a child’s risk of a substantiated finding of maltreatment by child protective services for children born in New Zealand in 2010. We assigned risk scores to the 2011 birth cohort, and flagged children as “very high risk” if they were in the top 10% of the score distribution for maltreatment. We also set a less conservative threshold for defining “high risk” and examined children in the top 20%. We then compared the incidence of injury and mortality rates between very high-risk and high-risk children and the remainder of the birth cohort.

RESULTS:

Children flagged at both 10% and 20% risk thresholds had much higher postneonatal mortality rates than other children (4.8 times and 4.2 times greater, respectively), as well as a greater relative risk of hospitalization (2 times higher and 1.8 times higher, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

Models that predict risk of maltreatment as defined by child protective services substantiation also identify children who are at heightened risk of injury and mortality outcomes. If deployed at birth, these models could help medical providers identify children in families who would benefit from more intensive supports.
Youth Sport Values Questionnaire-2 (ysvq-2): evidências de validade para o contexto brasileiro
Authors: Gonçalves Marina Pereira , Rocha Jair Nunes , Da Silva Paulo Gregório Nascimento , De Oliveira Letícia Coelho , Guerra Valeschka Martins
Published: January 2018

Objetivou-se adaptar e validar para o contexto brasileiro o Youth Sport Values Questionnaire-2 (YSVQ-2) por meio de dois estudos: No Estudo 1, contando com a participação de 181 jovens atletas, foi realizada uma Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) e identificou-se três fatores condizentes com o estudo original. Entretanto, os índices de consistência interna (alpha de Cronbach) foram aceitáveis somente para dois fatores (status: α = 0,62; moral: α = 0,70), no fator competência este índice foi um pouco abaixo do aceitável α = 0,56). No Estudo 2, buscou-se comprovar a estrutura fatorial do YSVQ-2, contando com uma nova amostra de 200 jovens atletas. Foi realizada uma Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC), onde os resultados demonstraram indicadores de ajuste do modelo próximo ao recomendado: χ²(148) = 108,43, p < 0,001, χ²/gl = 2,26, GFI = 0,92, CFI = 0,90, RMSEA = 0,08 (IC90% = 0,06-0,10). Assim, o estudo apresentou evidências de validade fatorial do YSVQ-2 para o contexto brasileiro, porém novas pesquisas de validade deste instrumento são recomendadas.
Az apolipoprotein M és a szfingozin-1-foszfát tengely jelentősége az érelmeszesedés kialakulásának gátlásában
Authors: Nádró Bíborka , Juhász Lilla , Szentpéteri Anita , Páll Dénes , Paragh György , Harangi Mariann
Published: January 2018

Abstract:

Previous studies showed that plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are inversely related to risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, in the last few decades it became obvious that beyond its plasma level, HDL structure and function have a critical role in its anti-atherogenic efficacy. Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) is an HDL-associated plasma protein affecting HDL metabolism and exhibits various anti-atherosclerotic functions, such as protection against oxidation and regulation of cholesterol efflux. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent sphingolipid mediator that regulates numerous cellular responses including cell differentiation and migration, apoptosis and vascular inflammation. The majority of S1P is associated to ApoM containing HDL particles. Therefore, ApoM and S1P content of HDL have an impact on the atherosclerotic process. Moreover, HDL-ApoM and S1P content can be altered in several pathologic conditions such as coronary artery disease. This review covers the currently available data on the contribution of ApoM and S1P to HDL function in health and cardiovascular diseases. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(5): 168–175.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT RELIGIUSITAS DENGAN TINGKAT AKTIVITAS SEKSUAL PADA REMAJA AKHIR
Authors: Pradisukmawati Dya Lita , Darminto Eko
Published: January 2018

The purpose ofthis study was totest the relationshipbetween thedegree ofreligiousityandthedegree ofsexual activity among late-adolescences. The research design usedwasa quantitative using correlational analysis. The sample was30late adolescentsinthe Southarea ofSurabayawhich wereselectedusing purposive sampling. The subjects of this research were adolescents of aged 18-21 years old, were in/had been in a relationship with another person, lived in South Surabaya, were at Senior High School or University, and were willing to participate in the study. The data were collected using religiousity and sexual activity questionary that were developed by the researcher.Hypothesis was tested using statistical technique Phi correlation coefficient.To know the significant level of correlation analysis result of 0,79, Chi-Squre (X2) was converted with a significant level of 5% , the value obtained was 3.84. Based on these result it can be seen that the Chi-Squre (X2) value of 18.7 is far above the value of theoretical Chi-squre, of 3.84 (5%). From the data in Chi-Squre (X2) crosstab that degree of religiousity have a negative correlational with degree ofsexual activity.
PERSONAL VALUES DAN INTERNAL POLITICAL EFFICACY TERHADAP PARTISIPASI POLITIK MAHASISWA PEMILIH PEMULA (Studi pada Fakultas Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, serta Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi UIN SGD Bandung)
Authors: Fitriah Elis Anisah
Published: January 2018

Political participation is the manifest of people power, however there’s a declining trend of voters in the previous elections. This study is aimed to examine relative contribution of personal values and internal political efficacy toward political participation. Subject of research is 231students from four faculties of Islamic State University (UIN) Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, registered and becaming a novice voter in the election of 2014. The result of the regression analysis between Personal Values (X1) and Internal Political Efficacy (X2) collectively together against participation in Political Participation (Y) is resulted F = 17,809 in the significancy level (p) = 0,000. It shown that Personal Values and Internal Political Efficacy simoultaneously have significant effect toward student’s political participation .
Assessment of transit transport corridor efficiency of landlocked African countries using data envelopment analysis
Authors: Fanou Enagnon H. , Wang Xuping
Published: January 2018

We used a data envelopment analysis (DEA) to examine the efficiency and performance of transport systems of landlocked African countries (LLACs). We conducted a comparative performance efficiency analysis of transfer transport systems for LLACs’ corridors. Three different types of DEA models were proposed and used to measure the relative efficiencies of transit transport using a 6-year data set (2008–2013) of some selected LLACs. The results show that the average pure technical and scale efficiency scores are 90.89% and 37.13%, respectively. Two units (13.33%) are technically efficient (technical and scale efficiency) while four units (26.66%) are only purely technically efficient over the observed period. Swaziland was the most efficient corridor while the Central African Republic corridor was the least efficient throughout the monitored years. The results indicate the relevance of minimising trade costs to stimulate landlocked countries’ exports.
Significance:

This study is the first efficiency study on transit transport corridors of landlocked African countries.
DEA is an effective analytical tool for corridors evaluation and can help decision-makers in finding practical solutions.
Some corridors are efficient, which means that other landlocked countries can learn from these efficient corridors to improve their corridor services.
Public perceptions of biotechnology in South Africa
Authors: Gastrow Michael , Roberts Ben , Reddy Vijay , Ismail Shameelah
Published: January 2018

A nationally representative survey of the South African public’s perceptions of biotechnology provides new insights into the position of the sector in the public sphere. Familiarity with the concept of biotechnology, and awareness of GM food, have increased over the last decade, although these changes have occurred from a low base. Compared to Europeans, South Africans are more positive about the health implications of GM food, less critical about the environmental impact of GM food, and more positive about the economic consequences of GM food. Knowledge about biotechnology is positively correlated with younger age, higher educational attainment and higher living standard. For marginalised groups, particularly low-income groups in rural areas and traditional authority areas, engaging on the basis of indigenous knowledge systems may prove to be the most effective platform for communication. The concepts of DNA and genes are far better understood than those of genetic modification or GM food, and would therefore present a better starting point for engagement and knowledge transfer. Together, these considerations point towards new strategic imperatives for public engagement in the South African biotechnology sector. Public policy, and broader sectoral engagement strategies, need to take into account: (1) the highly dynamic nature of public perceptions, (2) the diversity of views held by different demographic groups and (3) the diversity of sources of information utilised and preferred by different demographic groups. These considerations would support a strategically targeted engagement approach that would leverage the rapidly growing public awareness of biotechnology in a constructive manner.

Significance:

Provides new insights into public perceptions of biotechnology in South Africa

Informs new strategic imperatives for public engagement in the South African biotechnology sector

Quantifies changes over time and differences across demographic groups in biotechnology perceptions
Pengaruh Gaya Mengajar Resiprokal Dalam Pembelajaran Permainan Bola Voli Terhadap Pengembangan Kreativitas Siswa
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya mengajar resiprokal dalam pembejaran permainan bola voli terhadap pengembangan kreativitas siswa dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dikelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Lembang. Metode yang digunakan adalah pre-eksperimen designs dengan rancangan desain One-Grup Pretest and Postest Design. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 31 siswa dari populasi yang berjumlah 308 siswa. pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen tes kreativitas berbentuk skala berupa pernyataan yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitanya dan lembar obsevasi. Hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah Gaya mengajar resiprokal memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pengambangan kreativitas siswa melalui pembelajaran permainan bola voli”. Dengan menggunakan uji dua rata-rata dan mendapat kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pengembangan kretivitas siswa lebih tinggi secara singnifikan sesudah mendapatkan pembelajaran permainan bola voli dengan gaya mengajar resiprokal.
KUALITAS HIDUP ORANG DENGAN HIV POSITIF, PENGGUNA NAPZA, DAN MASYARAKAT MISKIN KOTA YANG MENGIKUTI AKTIVITAS STREET SOCCER DI RUMAH CEMARA BANDUNG
Authors: Hanwar Ramdhani
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas hidup orang dengan HIV Positif, pengguna napza, dan masyarakat miskin kota yang mengikuti aktivitas street soccer di Rumah Cemara Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Populasi dan sampel yang digunakan adalah pemain Timnas Homeless World Cup 2015 di Rumah Cemara Bandung terdiri dari 8 orang dengan kriteria 2 orang dengan HIV Positif, 2 orang mantan pengguna napza dan 4 orang masyarakat miskin kota, dengan teknik pengambilan sampling jenuh. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner WHOQOL-BREF. Hasil penelitian : adanya peningkatan domain kesehatan fisik besarnya 6% untuk orang dengan HIV positif ; 18.5% untuk pengguna napza ; 9.25% untuk masyarakat miskin kota. Domain kesejahteraan psikologis pada orang dengan HIV positif tidak mengalami peningkatan ; peningkatan untuk pengguna napza besarnya 11% ; 9.25% untuk masyarakat miskin kota. Domain hubungan sosial besarnya 12.5% untuk orang dengan HIV positif ; 12.5% untuk pengguna napza ; 10.75% untuk masyarakat miskin kota. domain hubungan dengan lingkungan besarnya 6.5% untuk orang dengan HIV positif ; 13.5% untuk pengguna napza ; 14% untuk masyarakat miskin kota. Simpulan penelitian menggambarkan telah terjadi peningkatan kualitas hidup pada orang dengan HIV positif, pengguna napza, dan masyarakat miskin kota yang mengikuti aktivitas street soccer di Rumah Cemara Bandung.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN BADMINTON LIKE GAMES DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN POLA GERAK DOMINAN MEMUKUL SHUTTLECOCK DALAM AKTIVITAS PERMAINAN BULUTANGKIS
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat
Published: January 2018

Tujuan penelitian untuk membuktikan impelementasi pembelajaran badminton like games dalam meningkatkan pola gerak dominan memukul shuttlecock. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Instrumen yang digunakan Observasi, catatan lapangan, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Populasi siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri Binakerta. Sampel siswa kelas V berjumah 28 siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data persentase. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa: 1). Bahwa Implementasi pembelajaran badminton like games dapat meningkatkan pola gerak dominan memukul shuttlecock siswa kelas V dengan jumlah pola gerak dominan memukul shuttlecock 77,37% 2). Adanya upaya guru dalam mengembangkan pola gerak dominan memukul shuttlecock melaui situasi pembelajaran badminton like games. 3). Adanya interaksi guru kepada siswa dalam mengajarkan pola gerak dominan memukul shuttlecock melalui pengajaran badminton like games.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA BERABASIS ADOBE FLASH PLAYER PENCEGAHAN, PERTOLONGAN, DAN PERAWATAN CEDERA OLAHRAGA BAGI GURU PENDIDIKAN JASMANI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA (SMP)
Authors: Irawan Dede
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan produk berupa media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis adobe flash player. Konten dalam media ini berisikan materi pencegahan, pertolongan dan perawatan cedera olahraga bagi guru pendidikan jasmani SMP Negeri se-Kabupaten Pangandaran. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development). Model pengembangan dalam penelitian ini diadaptasi dari model pengembangan Borg & Gall. Berdasarkan tahapan-tahapan yang diadaptasi dari model pengembangan Borg and Gall maka didapatkan hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: Penilaian dan validasi ahli materi menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran sangat baik dengan nilai rerata 4,85. Penilaian dan validasi ahli media menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran sangat baik dengan nilai rerata 4, 69. Penilaian dan validasi dari ahli parktisi menunjukan media pembelajaran sangat baik dengan rerata 4,70. Hasil uji coba kelompok kecil menunjukkan hasil sangat baik yaitu rerata 4,50. Hasil uji coba kelompok besar menunjukkan hasil sangat baik dengan rerata 4,85. Pada uji operasional dan efektifitas produk, diberlakukan pre test dan post test terhadap 2 kelompok. Kelompok pertama yang diberikan pengaruh media, dan kelompok kedua sebagai kelompok kontrol. Uji operasional menunjukan penilain media dengan hasil sangat baik dengan rerata 4,89. Uji efektifitas menunjukan bahwa media pembelajaran interaktif memiliki keefektifan yang signifkan dengan nilai t hitung > t tabel yaitu 6,070 > 1,734 dan nilai p (signifikansi) 0,000 < 0,05 yang berarti bahwa media tersebut efektif. Sebagai simpulan akhir dinyatakan bahwa produk terbukti efektif meningkatkan pemahaman guru pendidikan jasmani di Kabupaten Pangandaran.
PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS GERAK LOKOMOTOR, NONLOKOMOTOR DAN MANIPULATIF MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PERMAINAN PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Hidayat Arif
Published: January 2018

Masalah penelitian ini adalah aktivitas, kemampuan dan keterampilan teknik dasar gerak lokomotor, nonlokomotor dan manipulatif siswa SD Negeri 3 Tanjung Agung Kabupaten Muara Enim masih rendah. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan Aktivitas, kemampuan dan keterampilan teknik dasar gerak lokomotor, nonlokomotor dan manipulatif siswa SD Negeri 3 Tanjung Agung Kabupaten Muara Enim. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas III tahun ajaran 2016/2017 di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 3 Kecamatan Tanjung Agung Kabupaten Muara Enim yang berjumlah 30 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan melakukan observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data adalah analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Keaktifan siswa pada gerak lokomotorik pra siklus adalah 10% (sedang), pada gerak non lokomotorik 29% (sedang), dan pada gerak manipulatif 3,3% (sedang). Keaktifan siswa pada gerak lokomotorik siklus 1 adalah 56,6% (sedang), pada gerak non lokomotorik 76% (sedang), dan pada gerak manipulatif 60% (sedang). Keaktifan siswa pada gerak lokomotorik pra siklus adalah 80% (tinggi), pada gerak non lokomotorik 83% (tinggi), dan pada gerak manipulatif 86,6% (tinggi). Melalui penerapan metode bermain Kera Panjat dalam Penelitian Tindakan kelas ini diketahui bahwa terjadi peningkatan keaktifan siswa pada gerak lokomotorik sebesar 70%, gerak non lokomotorik 54%, dan gerak manipulatif 83,3%.
HASIL PEMBANGUNAN OLAHRAGA DI KOTA JAMBI DITINJAU DARI SPORT DEVELOPMENT INDEX
Authors: Dasar Sukendro , Decheline Grafitte
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi permasalahan yaitu belum diketahuinya pembangunan olahraga Kota Jambi ditinjau dari Sport Development Index (SDI). Keempat aspek SDI akan membantu menilai proses pembangunan olahraga di Kota Jambi dari tahun ke tahun yang selanjutnya akan mempengaruhi pengukuran indeks pembangunan olahraga di daerah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) untuk mengetahui ketersediaan ruang terbuka olahraga di Kota Jambi 2) mengetahui kuantitas dan kualitas sumber daya manusia keolahragaan di Kota Jambi, 3) mengetahui tingkat partisipasi masyarakat di Kota Jambi dan 4) mengetahui tingkat kebugaran jasmani yang dimiliki masyarakat di Kota Jambi. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian ini juga mengevaluasi kebijakan pemerintah terkait pembangunan olahraga tentang Standar Pelayanan Minimal Keolahragaan, sehingga penelitian ini juga termasuk penelitian evaluatif. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 270 orang dari 3 kecamatan. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cluster sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket dan serangkaian protokol Multi Stage Fitness Test untuk mengetes kebugaran jasmani masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) indeks ruang terbuka Kota Jambi adalah 0,364, lebih tinggi dibandingkan nilai indeks ruang terbuka nasional (0,266), (2) indeks Sumber Daya Manusia keolahragaan Kota Jambi adalah 0.00057, sangat jauh dibawah indeks SDM nasional (0,099), (3) indeks partisipasi masyarakat Kota Jambi 0,57, lebih tinggi dari indeks partisipasi nasional (0,422), (4) indeks kebugaran jasmani Kota Jambi yaitu 0,340, lebih tinggi daripada indeks kebugaran nasional (0,335), 5) indeks pembangunan olahraga (SDI) Kota Jambi yaitu 0,318. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah indeks SDI Kota Jambi masih berada pada kategori rendah karena indeks total SDI yang meliputi Ruang Terbuka, Sumber Daya Manusia, Partisipasi Olahraga dan Kebugaran Jasmani masyarakat Kota Jambi sebesar 0,318 berada direntang 0-0,499. Artinya bahwa pembangunan olahraga kota Jambi masih perlu diperhatikan dan dibenahi oleh pemerintah kota untuk memajukan olahraga di kota Jambi.
GAMBARAN KEJADIAN POSTPARTUM BLUES PADA IBU NIFAS BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM TINGKAT IV SARININGSIH KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Fitriana Lisna Anisa , Nurbaeti Siti
Published: January 2018

ABSTRAKPostpartum blues merupakan fenomena yang terjadi pada hari-hari pertama postpartum. Puncak gejala postpartum blues terjadi pada hari ke-3 sampai ke-5 postpartum dengan durasi mulai dari beberapa jam sampai beberapa hari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi Gambaran Kejadian Postpartum Blues Pada Ibu Nifas Berdasarkan Karakteristik di Rumah Sakit Umum TK IV  Sariningsih Kota Bandung. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Purposive consecutive Sampling. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 40 responden. Intrumen penelitian menggunakan instrument baku yaitu instrument EPDS (Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale) dengan jumlah soal 10 pertanyaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hampir setengahnya mengalami postpartum blues ringan (42,5%) dan hampir setengahnya (35,0%) mengalami postpartum blues berat. Berdasarkan usia hampir setengahnya ringan dan berat (30,0%), berdasarkan pendidikan sebagian kecil ringan (20,0%), berdasarkan jumlah paritas sebagian kecil ringan (25,0%), berdasarkan jenis persalinan hampir setengahnya berat (27,5%), berdasarkan jumlah penghasilan perbulan hampir setengahnya ringan (37,5%), berdasarkan pekerjaan hampir setengahnya ringan (30,0%), berdasarkan status kehamilan sebagian kecil ringan (22,5%) dan berdasarkan dukungan sosial hampir setengahnya ringan (35,0%). Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hampir setengahnya ibu nifas di Rumah Sakit Umum TK IV Sariningsih Kota Bandung mengalami postpartum blues ringan dan berat. Adapun rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah diadakannya penyuluhan tentang cara mengatasi postpartum blues.Kata Kunci : Kejadian Postpartum Blues, Karakterististik Ibu Nifas