bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Work Zone Crashes
Authors: Mohammed Hemin J. , Chang Young In , Schrock Steven D.
Published: March 2023

Nationally, the annual number of fatal crashes in work zones over the past decade (2010–2019) increased from 521 to 762, which led to rising fatalities from 546 in 2010 to 842 in 2019. Traffic safety in work zones with the aim of reducing fatal and serious injury crashes has been under investigation by researchers and related agencies for decades. The main objective of this study was to investigate the factors associated with work zone crashes to recommend policies targeted at addressing them. Data collected by the Kansas Department of Transportation on crashes that occurred between 2016 and 2020 were used for this research. For the statistical model, binary logistic regression was used in which the dichotomous response variable was defined as either crashes in work zones or crashes outside work zones. According to the model’s results, several significant factors were associated with work zone crashes. Those that had a reasonable expectation of improvement through state policies included the following: alcohol involvement; driver distraction; large commercial vehicle involvement; pedestrian involvement; single-vehicle crashes; speed limits, and speeding. Although these may already be areas targeted in a state’s strategic highway safety plan, special consideration of the overrepresentation of these factors in work zones can provide additional policy options for consideration. Existing countermeasures can be explored, or new countermeasures can be developed based on the needs of the existing conditions.
Stressful Life Events and Patterns of Polysubstance Use Among U.S. Late Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Ou Tzung-Shiang , Huber Lesa , Macy Jonathan T. , Bray Bethany C. , Lin Hsien-Chang
Published: March 2023

The goals of this study were to identify patterns of polysubstance use and their associations with stressful life events among U.S. late middle-aged and older adults and examine whether gender moderates these associations. Adults aged 50 and older (N = 14,738) from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III were included. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of polysubstance use. Weighted multinomial logistic regression was estimated with a generalized structural equation model. Three different polysubstance use patterns (non-users/low substance users; cannabis and excessive alcohol users; painkiller and sedative/tranquilizer misusers) were identified. Higher levels of stressful life events were associated with patterns of polysubstance use. Gender moderated the association between stressful life events and co-misusing painkillers and sedatives/tranquilizers ( p < 0.05). Substance use prevention efforts should consider aging adults’ patterns of polysubstance use and associated stressful life events when designing and implementing gender-specific polysubstance use prevention interventions.
Associations Between Cognitive Impairment Severity and Barriers to Healthcare Engagement Among Older Adults
Authors: Lovett Rebecca M. , Benavente Julia Yoshino , Opsasnick Lauren A. , Weiner-Light Sophia , Curtis Laura M. , Wolf Michael S.
Published: March 2023

Objectives: To assess whether older adults with a cognitive impairment were more likely to report challenges interacting with medical providers, or to avoid needed medical care. Methods: Data for this exploratory, cross-sectional analysis were from older adults ( N = 493) ages 60–82 participating in the “LitCog” cohort study. Multivariable generalized linear models compared cognitive impairment (none, mild, moderate, severe) with validated measures of healthcare engagement. Results: A moderate cognitive impairment was associated with delays in medical care due to embarrassment (RR 5.34.95% CI 1.30–22.0) and discomfort asking the doctor questions (RR 4.07, 95% CI 1.00–16.5). Conclusions: Intermediate cognitive deficits, such as with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementias, may impact meaningful engagement with healthcare systems, potentially affecting timely detection and appropriate management of cognitive concerns and other chronic medical conditions. More research is needed to understand mechanisms underlying this relationship.
Assessment of Rainfall Risk in a Financial Perspective: An Application to the Wine Industry
Authors: Franzoni Simona , Pelizzari Cristian
Published: March 2023

Climate change is an increasingly critical phenomenon in agriculture, which includes wine production. Rainfall appears to be extremely important for wine production; however, it can become a disaster in large quantities. Given the nature of external risk to the enterprise, rainfall financial risk, that is, the risk of decreasing revenues due to persistent rain is difficult to forecast, manage and monitor. Therefore, it is crucial for wineries to assess such a risk to safeguard their business performances.

This study adds to the literature on wine, weather and risk assessment by developing an assessment method of rainfall financial risk for small- and medium-sized wine enterprises. In particular, starting from the result of applying the proposed method, that is the assessment, or not, of rainfall financial risk, it is possible to make recommendations to a winery on the adoption, or not, of mitigation measures of such a risk with the final goal of preserving profitability and solvability. The proposed method was empirically applied to a selected group of wineries located near Lake Garda (Northern Italy), during the period 2010–2019.
Histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in the placentas and fetuses of domestic swine naturally infected with Brucella suis biovar 2
Authors: Rebollada-Merino Agustín , García-Seco Teresa , Pérez-Sancho Marta , Domínguez Lucas , Rodríguez-Bertos Antonio
Published: March 2023

Porcine brucellosis, which is caused by Brucella suis biovar (bv) 2, is a re-emerging disease that causes reproductive problems in pigs in Europe. The pathogenesis and lesions of B. suis intrauterine infection are poorly characterized; characterization could facilitate the diagnosis and investigation of porcine brucellosis. We collected samples of placentas and fetuses for histologic and microbiologic studies during an outbreak of abortions on a pig-breeding farm in Spain. Brucella was cultured from the vaginal swabs obtained from sows that had aborted, some placentas, and fetal tissues (spleen, liver, lung, gastric content); molecular testing confirmed B. suis bv 2 infection. Histologically, there was necrotizing and hemorrhagic placentitis; suppurative hepatitis; lymphoid depletion and sinusoidal histiocytosis in the spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus; and bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Hemorrhages were observed in the umbilical cord, heart, kidneys, and brain. We detected Brucella by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in all of the placentas and fetal organs studied, specifically in the trophoblasts of the chorionic epithelium, in the cytoplasm of macrophages in the chorionic stroma, and extracellularly in necrotic debris. Furthermore, we assessed the lymphocyte population in the placentas through the use of IHC (anti-CD3, anti- Pax5 antibodies), revealing that the lymphocytic response was composed of T cells but not B cells.
Addressing Mental Health Needs of Secondary Homicide Survivors through a Social Determinants of Health Framework
Authors: Magee Lauren A. , Semenza Daniel , Gharbi Sami , Wiehe Sarah E.
Published: March 2023

Drawing on a social determinants of health framework, death records and Medicaid data were linked at the individual and family level to examine mental health outcomes among secondary homicide survivors in the 12 months following a homicide of a loved one. Results indicate secondary homicide survivors are significantly more likely to have a mental health diagnosis in the 12 months following a homicide—particularly youth family members. Violence prevention in local communities must be aligned with the provision of critical victims’ services and access to mental health care to protect all residents exposed to the harmful ripple effects of homicide.
Safety and efficacy of cryopexy during pars Plana vitrectomy in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Loiudice Pasquale , Pintor Emanuele Siotto , Tronci Claudia , Tatti Filippo , Casini Giamberto , Figus Michele , Demarinis Giuseppe , Peiretti Enrico
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To evaluate efficacy and safety of intraoperative cryoretinopexy in cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD)

Methods

In this retrospective, interventional case series, we review the medical records of 85 consecutive cases of RRD treated with pars plana vitrectomy and gas tamponade, without the use of perfluorocarbon liquids. Baseline best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, number and location of retinal breaks, location and extension of retinal detachment, duration of symptoms, macula status, presence, and grade of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) were registered. Follow-up visits were at 1 day, 15 days, 1 month and 3 months. Anatomical and functional outcomes and any adverse event were recorded.

Results

Primary anatomical success was obtained in 82/85 patients (96%). During the postoperative period, PVR was observed in 4/85 cases (4.7%), 3 of whom developed recurrence of retinal detachment. 7/85 (8.2%) patients developed ocular hypertension. We built a model of logistic regression including age, sex, lens status, macula status, number of quadrants involved, number of ruptures and duration of symptoms. None of the variables considered was found to be a predictor of postoperative PVR development. Symptom's duration (β = 0.429; 95% CI = 0.009–0.023; P < 0.001) and preoperative BCVA (β = 0.273; 95% CI = 0.034–0.184; P = 0.005) were predictors for final BCVA.

Conclusion

These findings emphasize the safety and efficacy of the use of intraoperative cryotherapy, associated with PPV and gas tamponade, for the management of uncomplicated RRDs.
Water Energy Food Nexus to Tackle Future Arab Countries Water Scarcity
Authors: Hindiyeh Muna , Albatayneh Aiman , AlAmawi Rana
Published: March 2023

Several Arab countries face numerous environmental problems in addition to climate change, desertification, and water crisis. Multiple issues related to water and energy need to be resolved. In this paper, we examine the most important topics to be studied, and the research conducted to elucidate the importance of the water problem in the Arab region, including the gap between increased demand and a lack of resources. Water problems include leakage, pollution, and depletion of water resources. We also focus on climate change and the role of young people, software, educational institutions, and training centers in achieving water security and sustainable development objectives. The paper also investigates the idea of water harvesting, the relationship between water, food security, and energy, the role of stakeholders, and good governance in solving the water crisis by understanding the problems and framing research within a multi-year work program with financial, legislative, and scientific support. Providing incentives and the necessary research structure to coordinate all sectors and organizations concerned with water is also essential.
The Constitution of Dubai’s Mobile-App-Mediated Spatiotemporal Glocalization: Postphenomenology and Postdigitality in Dialogue
Authors: Salama Amir H. Y. , Fawzy Rania Magdi
Published: March 2023

The present study proposes the notion-complex of “spatiotemporal glocalization” as a potentially postdigital phenomenon inhering in the touristscape representations mediated by mobile apps, with an analytic focus on the Dubai Travel mobile app. An integrative tripartite approach has been adopted with three theoretical models at work: (1) Don Ihde’s postphenomenological perspective as reconcilable with Roudometof’s model of refracted glocalities; (2) Vásquez and Cooren’s theoretical model of Communicative Constitution of Organizing (CCO); and (3) Jürgen Habermas’s pragmatic model of speech acts. Three findings have resulted from the approach-informed analysis. First, there existed various postdigital refracted touristic glocalities about Dubai with globally flowing cultural landscapes: ethnoscapes, mediascapes, financescapes, ideoscapes, and technoscapes. Second, it was demonstrated that the app-mediated glocalities have been organized through three spacing practices: (1) presentifying the materiality of glocalized hybrid interactions of techno-human actors, (2) ordering the glocal scripted trajectories of Dubai touristscape by creating more space and time across a 5-day regular framework of intervals, and (3) accounting as associated with the glocal narrative of Dubai touristscape through specifying its scripted trajectory at traditional and modern levels. Third, speech act theory has been instrumental in defining the “discourse worlds” in which human–nonhuman interactions communicatively unfolded, namely, mobile-interface technological actors and app users.
Designing short-time work for mass use
Authors: Weber Enzo , Yilmaz Yasemin
Published: March 2023

In the course of the Covid-19 pandemic, short-time work as an instrument of income replacement once again proved to be an effective means of stabilising employment. However, the very concept, based on individual entitlement, led to its operational limits in respect of mass use. For example, in Germany, the complete processing of all cases in multiple stages can take years, involving corresponding strains and uncertainties for firms and labour administration. Against this background, we discuss the development of variants of job retention schemes compatible with mass use. An international comparison indicates that the legal instrument of force majeure could facilitate access with simplified criteria and procedures. We elaborate on specific proposals for the well-known German system. Going beyond simplifying existing rules, we outline a collective instrument of a wage subsidy increasing with lost revenue or hours. In this respect, drawing on results from the relevant literature, we argue that the need to limit redundancies and the precision of the instrument must be carefully balanced. Particularly in the case of mass use, qualification is indispensable, which is why the need for a concept with flexibly applicable, modular and online-based training formats, incentives and counselling services is essential. Finally, preconditions for the phasing-out of the mass use scheme are outlined. The exceptional situation would have to be officially ended – or extended – at an appropriate time with sufficient notice. Subsequent schemes may provide for transition to regular arrangements, a gradual reduction of wage subsidies, and liquidity support.
Suicide in services for mental health and substance use: A national hybrid registry surveillance system
Authors: Myhre Martin Ø , Kildahl Anine T , Astrup Helene , Bergsager Dagfinn , Walby Fredrik A
Published: March 2023

Suicide is strongly associated with mental health and substance use disorders, which makes mental health- and substance misuse services important areas for suicide prevention. The aim of The Norwegian Surveillance System for Suicide in Mental Health and Substance Use Services is to describe all suicide deaths in Norway that occur within one year after contact with mental health and substance misuse services. The study uses a hybrid registry case series design. It consists of a yearly linkage between the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry and the Norwegian Patient Registry, which is linked with a questionnaire. The linkage is conducted by using a cryptographic hash function of the deceased’s personal id, thus ensuring that the project can link data across sources without the use of directly identifiable information. This indirect linkage ensures the deceased’s confidentiality. Moreover, the The Norwegian Surveillance System for Suicide shows how administratively collected data can be harnessed and used for surveillance. Both use of hybrid registry designs and linkage through cryptographic hash functions might contribute to the development of health informatics as well as quality improvement in health care.
Sufficiently small rotations of Lagrange’s gyro
Authors: Ismail AI , Amer TS , Amer WS
Published: March 2023

In this study, the motion of Lagrange’s gyro about its fixed point in the presence of a perturbed torque, a gyroscopic torque, and a varied restoring one is searched. We assume sufficiently small angular velocity components in the direction of the principal axes that differ from the dynamical symmetry one and a restoring torque that is considered to be greater than the perturbing one. In this manner, we replace the familiar small parameter that was used in previous works with a large one. In such cases, the gyro equations for motion (EOM) are formulated in the form of a two-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) autonomous system. We average the obtained system to get periodic solutions and motion’s geometric interpretation of the problem using the large parameter. The regular precession and the pure rotation of the motion are obtained. A numerical study is evaluated for asserted the used techniques and showed the influence of the changing parameters of motion on the gyro behavior. The trajectories of the motions and their stabilities are discussed and analyzed. The novelty of this work lies in how to adapt the method of large parameter (MLP) to solve the rigid body problem, especially since it has been assumed initially that its angular velocity or its initial energy are very small.

MSC (2000): 70E20, 70E17, 70E15, 70E05
Frequency domain-based analytical framework for seismic performance of viscously damped outrigger systems based on continuous Timoshenko beam theory
Authors: Fang Chuangjie
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes a frequency domain-based analytical framework for seismic performance of viscously damped outrigger systems. Based on a core–outrigger–damper–column simplified model, the global dynamic stiffness matrix is assembled from the core modeled as a Timoshenko beam, damped outriggers as complex rotational stiffness comprising outriggers, dampers, and perimeter columns, and inherent damping using Leung’s theory and modal damping construction. A general numerical method combining Wittrick-Williams algorithm and Newtonian iteration is developed to study the dynamic characteristic of such systems with multiple damped outriggers. The fast Fourier transformation (FFT) and the inverse Fourier transformation (IFFT) are then integrated with the principle of potential energy to obtain the equivalent nodal force and thus the time history response by transformations between time and frequency domains. Finally, the stochastic analysis is conducted via the transfer function resulting from the global stiffness matrix with the stochastic seismic excitation following Kanai-Tajimi spectrum. The proposed approach is verified by comparison with the finite element method through a case study of a tall building implemented with viscously damped outriggers. This study shows that the proposed analytical framework could serve as a powerful tool for evaluating the performance of viscously damped outrigger systems.
Up in smoke? The lingering influence of history on community identity dynamics
Authors: Lyle Matthew CB , Hockensmith Ashley S , Walsh Ian J
Published: March 2023

While prior research suggests that ventures not yet present in a given geographic community might threaten reflective aspects of community identity (i.e. materiality and rhetoric), it has yet to explain the divergent outcomes they might engender. In this article, we develop a comparative case study of communities where recreational cannabis dispensaries were founded and underlaid a noticeably different effect on identity reflections. Our findings suggest that different threat interpretations—founded in communal characterizations of history—spur theoretically similar yet descriptively different processes through which these elements co-evolve. Furthermore, these processes involve a wide range of actors and occur irrespective of the venture’s ultimate influence on reflections of community identity.
Recovery without normalisation: It's not necessary to be normal, not even in psychiatry
Authors: Chappell Zsuzsanna , Jeppsson Sofia MI
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we argue that there are reasons to believe that an implicit bias for normalcy influences what are considered medically necessary treatments in psychiatry. First, we outline two prima facie reasons to suspect that this is the case. A bias for ‘the normal’ is already documented in disability studies; it is reasonable to suspect that it affects psychiatry too, since psychiatric patients, like disabled people, are often perceived as ‘weird’ by others. Secondly, psychiatry's explicitly endorsed values of well-being and function are hard to measure directly, which is why we see simpler box-ticking conceptions of recovery used in large research studies. This need not be problematic, but might lead to researchers and clinicians focusing too much on treatments that promote easy-to-measure proxies for recovery, instead of what actually matters to psychiatric patients themselves. Next, we provide examples of treatments and treatment decisions within two areas – self-injury and psychosis – which are hard to explain unless we assume that an implicit and harmful normalcy bias is at work. We conclude with some suggestions for clinicians and future research.
The Ones Who Walk Away from Hallownest: Hollow Knight's Radical Response to the Omelas Dilemma
Authors: Grunberg Alex
Published: March 2023

In Ursula K. Le Guin's short story “The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas,” a society's happiness depends on the suffering of a child and the reader is presented as culpable this contract. In the video game Hollow Knight, the kingdom of Hallownest was also designed to thrive under a similar contract through the suffering of the Hollow Knight. However, the game presents the player with the choice of multiple endings: take the place of the child as an ignorant sacrifice, take the place of the child as a willing sacrifice after learning the truth about the bargain, or eradicate the bargain altogether. This retelling in a video game format gives the player an agency that is not afforded to readers engaging with a short story. Ultimately, Hollow Knight not only rejects passivity, but proposes a redemptive arc for the ones who walk away from Omelas.
How To Do It: Mitral Valve Translocation
Authors: Quinn Rachael W. , Pasrija Chetan , Zaheer Salman , Winicki Nolan , Gammie James S.
Published: March 2023

Mitral valve translocation (MVT) is a novel procedure that was developed to treat patients with severe, symptomatic, secondary mitral regurgitation (MR). MVT enhances leaflet coaptation by insertion of an autologous pericardial patch interposed between the mitral annulus and the native mitral leaflets. The patch substantially increases total leaflet surface area and creates supranormal coaptation. In addition, it relieves leaflet tethering by transposing the native valve deeper into the ventricle and decreases the circumference of the annulus. The enhanced coaptation produced by MVT may protect against recurrent MR in patients with continued adverse left ventricular remodeling. The procedural steps include detachment of the intact native mitral valve at the annulus, placement of interrupted pledgeted sutures around the annulus to secure the proximal aspect of the patch, and attachment of the native valve to the distal aspect of the patch using running suture. Follow-up of patients who have undergoing MVT is ongoing, with satisfactory short-term results, including sustained MR grades of ≤mild and 14 mm coaptation at 12 months.
The Use of Three-Dimensional Printing in Cardiac Structural Disease: A Review
Authors: Hornstein Gabrielle , Diep Calvin , Masson Jean-Bernard , Potvin Jeannot , Gobeil Jean-François , Noiseux Nicolas , Forcillo Jessica
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Three-dimensional printing (3DP), or additive fabrication, is a process in which a physical 3D model is created using a multitude of 2-dimensional images. This process has been applied to numerous surgical subspecialties with growing interest for the use of 3DP in adult structural heart disease. This scoping review evaluates the use of 3DP in transcatheter and surgical aortic and mitral valve interventions as well as left atrial appendage occlusion in terms of its practical and clinical application.

Methods:

Articles were identified through PubMed and Embase using MeSH search terms as well as independent searches. A total of 645 articles were screened, and 37 were retained for qualitative analysis.

Results:

Operative planning was coded in 100% of articles, complication prevention in 43%, medical education in 5.4%, patient education in 0%, and simulation in 5.4%.

Conclusions:

The main uses of 3DP in acquired structural heart disease are centered around operative planning and complication prevention, with moderate use regarding surgical simulation and infrequent use regarding medical and/or patient education. Although patient anatomy varies greatly, deploying 3DP as a large-scale tool remains a possibility. The more 3D models are made, the more can be learned about demographic subsets of patient populations. Due to the lack of standard operating procedures for the creation of 3DP models, the cost-effectiveness of these models is hard to determine and likely center specific. More research into this facet could inform centers that wish to implement this tool.
Exploring the Impact of Interview Location on Knowledge Development
Authors: Bjørvik Eira , Thoresen Lisbeth , Salamonsen Anita , Fauske Lena , Solbrække Kari Nyheim
Published: March 2023

In ethnographic and participatory studies, the study location is often claimed to have an obvious significance, whereas, in the methodology literature on qualitative interviews, this aspect is frequently treated as a pragmatic issue. Based on this background, there are claims that the location of an interview should be understood as a fundamental, active aspect of the research process as well as a sensitizing concept. Considering this ambition, the aim of this article is to develop further insights into how different interview locations may contribute to knowledge development regarding the issue being studied. Based upon a study on cancer survivorship and experiences from conducting interviews in three different settings, namely the participants’ home, an office on the university’s premises, and a cancer care center located at a hospital, this paper illustrates how the choice of location may have an impact and evoke insights and knowledge regarding the research issue. The interviews conducted in private homes provided insights into how life post cancer implicated a more house-bound lifestyle than before, with a risk of becoming isolated. The hospital setting yielded responses that were more mixed. While some could not stand coming there, others considered the hospital to represent safety. The third interview location, an office at the university, was the most ‘formal’ location and seemed to resonate with the participants’ present busy but exhausting work life.
Hydrogen gas treatment improves survival in a rat model of crush syndrome by ameliorating rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Yumoto Tetsuya , Aokage Toshiyuki , Hirayama Takahiro , Yamamoto Hirotsugu , Obara Takafumi , Nojima Tsuyoshi , Naito Hiromichi , Nakao Atsunori
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Crush syndrome (CS) is characterized by a systemic manifestation of traumatic rhabdomyolysis, leading to multiple organ dysfunction and death. Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is commonly responsible for systemic response. Extending studies have shown that hydrogen gas treatment ameliorated IR injury in numerous experimental models; however, its effect on CS has not been well examined. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrogen gas inhalation following crush injury in an experimental model of CS.

Methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to experimental CS by applying a total of 3.0 kg weight to both hindlimb under general anesthesia for 6 h. Immediately after decompression, the animals were randomly placed in a gas chamber filled with either air or 1.3% hydrogen gas. Animals were sacrificed 18 h or 24 h following gas exposure for non-survival studies or for survival study, respectively.

Results

The rats with hydrogen treatment ( n = 6) had a higher 24-h survival than the rats with air treatment ( n = 9) (100% vs. 44%, p = 0.035). Lactate concentrations (2.9 ± 0.2 vs. 2.2 ± 0.2 mmol/L, p = 0.040) and creatine kinase (34,178 ± 13,580 vs. 5005 ± 842 IU/L, p = 0.016) were lower in the hydrogen group compared with the air group 18 h after decompression ( n = 4 in the air group, and n = 5 in the H2 group). Histological analysis revealed that the damage to the rectus femoris muscle and kidney appeared to be ameliorated by hydrogen treatment.

Conclusion

Hydrogen gas inhalation may be a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of CS.
The meaning of leadership for educated young bedouin men
Authors: Alhuzail Nuzha Allassad
Published: March 2023

In a world beset by rapid change, more than ever people seek trustworthy leaders. The establishment of the State of Israel has wrought many changes in Bedouin society, including the perception of the traditional leadership. From being the majority population in an Arab country, the Bedouins have become a minority in a Jewish-majority state. Moreover, they have undergone a shift from an Indigenous, tribal culture to a culture based on individualism, and from a nomadic life to one of permanent settlement. In this context a qualitative study in the phenomenological tradition, using a semi-structured interview, was conducted among 20 educated young Bedouin men, ages 20–25, with the aim of understanding the meaning of leadership for them. The findings revealed that they see leadership as action for the benefit of all. They are aware of what they consider bogus leadership, elected officials who use their position to promote their own interests and those of their cronies. The participants described the differences between formal and informal leadership, on the basis of their experience. They also described the change they themselves are undergoing. The findings contribute to the understanding of factors affecting the perception of leadership in a society in transition to modernity and are applicable worldwide.
A “regional halo effect”: Media use and evaluations of America's strategic relationships with five Middle East countries
Authors: Martin Justin D. , Alkazemi Mariam , Sharma Krishna
Published: March 2023

Countries in the Middle East go to considerable lengths using mass media to try to maintain or improve their images among the U.S. public. The same countries often engage in negative media campaigns in the U.S. against each other, attempting to bring down public support for regional rivals. This study examined diplomatic evaluations of five Middle East countries—rating Saudi Arabia, Israel, Palestine, Qatar, and UAE as an ally, neutral, or enemy of the U.S.—among a large, representative sample of U.S. adults ( N = 2059), and assessed measures of news use, social media use, political partisanship, and demographic variables as predictors of the evaluations. News use and other media use predicted little variance in diplomatic ratings; the strongest predictors of positive ratings of a given country were having rated one or more of the other countries positively also—what we term a “regional halo effect.” A key implication of this study is that attempting to harm public perceptions of a regional rival may be self-defeating for a given country, as negative attitudes toward the former country are associated with poor attitudes toward the latter.
Media convergence for US–China competition? Comparative case studies of China Media Group and the US Agency for Global Media
Authors: Jia Wenshan , Lu Fangzhu
Published: March 2023

The present study provides a comparative analysis of the media convergence of China Media Group and US Agency for Global Media to illustrate the increasing US–China rivalry in international communication. It yields the following tentative findings: Both have been undergoing rigorous development at the technological and operational levels of convergence to enhance international communication; both are made to show more explicit loyalty to its official ideology, and both have become more monolithic via convergence; both have integrated their broadcasting services for an increasingly integrated market of information and news; both seem to be weaponizing itself against each other to fuel rivalry in international communication between the two nations rather than deepening mutual understanding and cooperation for mutual good and global good. The two case studies reveal that media convergence has not been able to liberate journalism from nationalistic constraints and transform it into an instrument to spawn new ideas and disseminate high-quality information and news for global public good.
Failure rates and analysis of risk factors for percutaneous A1 pulley release of trigger digits
Authors: Jeon Neunghan , Yoo Sang Gil , Kim Seong Kyong , Park Min Jong , Shim Jae Woo
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to identify the rates and risk factors for failure of percutaneous A1 pulley release. We retrospectively analysed patients who underwent percutaneous A1 pulley release between 2015 and 2019. We defined failure as (1) pain or discomfort at the final follow-up, (2) when open release or revision percutaneous release was performed, or (3) when steroid injections were administered three or more times for symptom control. A total of 331 digits from 251 patients were included. The mean follow-up duration was 47 months (minimum 24 months). Complete resolution was achieved in 287 cases (87%), but 21% required steroid injection before symptoms settled. There was failure in 44 cases (13%). Involvement of the index, middle and ring fingers was significantly different between the successful and failure groups. Percutaneous A1 pulley release has a long-term success rate of 87%. The failure rate was higher when the procedure was performed on the index, middle or ring fingers.

Level of evidence: III
The Ukraine war and the future of the Eastern Partnership
Authors: Crombois Jean F.
Published: March 2023

Russia’s unprovoked war against Ukraine calls into question the future of the EU’s Eastern Partnership (EaP) initiative on two levels. First, the war challenges the very geopolitical premise that underpins the Partnership. Second, the EU’s granting of candidate status for Ukraine and Moldova in June 2022, while postponing its decision on Georgia’s membership application, undermines the main rationale of the EaP: to keep the door to EU membership closed. This article argues that while the war in Ukraine may lead to a reshaping of the EaP, its fundamental features will remain for some time.
COVID-19 now and then: Reflections on mobile communication and the pandemic
Authors: de Souza e Silva Adriana , Xiong-Gum Mai Nou
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic may soon be coming to its end, but COVID-19 still kills thousands of people every single day (at time of writing). Even if COVID-19 now represents less of a health risk, and less disruption to our personal lives, we know this won’t be the last pandemic. Preparing for the next pandemic includes understanding the past and planning for the future. It includes rethinking “normal” ways of interacting with others, our technologies, and the spaces in which we live. In this introduction, we show how the pandemic has challenged the role of mobile communication in our everyday lives, making us rethink the very meaning of mobile communication—from simply communicating while on the move, to a networked resource that supports emotional and personal connections. During the pandemic, mobile communication practices and the development of new mobile technologies, such as contact-tracing apps and mobile mapping, was strongly tied to the infrastructural politics that took place through government and private companies’ interventions. In addition, mobile technologies became a primary source of support for those who became immobile, or were forced to move. However, mobile communication is not only enabled by end devices; it happens at the intersection of both end devices and the infrastructures that enable them to work. The articles in this special issue reflect some of these themes, and address how the pandemic has shaped and rearranged our mobile communication, sociability, and networked urban mobility practices around the world. Although each article engages with the challenges of the pandemic in its unique and original way, in this introduction we highlight some overlapping topics and methodologies that run across multiple articles, namely historical perspectives on the pandemic, urban and transnational networked mobilities, the use of mobile apps and interfaces for community and self-care, pandemic context in the Global South, and networks and infrastructures.
Pityriasis rubra pilaris partially responsive to treatment with upadacitinib: A case report
Authors: Saad Mysa , Spurr Alison , Lipson Jennifer
Published: March 2023

Pityriasis rubra pilaris is a rare inflammatory dermatosis characterized by orange-red confluent plaques, hyperkeratotic follicular papules, palmoplantar keratoderma, and, in some cases, erythroderma. The etiology of pityriasis rubra pilaris is unclear. This condition is often treated with oral retinoids and topical corticosteroids, and more recently, biological agents have become the mainstay of treatment. However, there is a paucity of high-quality evidence on the safety and effectiveness of these agents, and the disease often remains refractory to therapy. Herein, we present a case of pityriasis rubra pilaris with a favorable response to treatment with upadacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, which has not been previously reported in the literature for the management of this condition.
Latent change models of lifestyle in acute coronary syndrome patients: Are lifestyle changes associated with resilience changes?
Authors: Greco Andrea , Adorni Roberta , De Matteis Chiara , D’Addario Marco , Fattirolli Francesco , Franzelli Cristina , Giannattasio Cristina , Luyckx Koen , Steca Patrizia
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to examine the role of resilience resources in patients' lifestyle changes after the first Acute Coronary event. 275 Italian patients (84.0% men; mean age = 57.5, SD = 7.9) participated in a longitudinal study. Resilience resources (Self-esteem, Dispositional Optimism, Sense of Coherence – SOC, General and Disease-specific Self-efficacy), and lifestyles (diet, physical activity, and smoking) were assessed twice (at baseline and after 6 months). Path analysis using latent change models was performed to model the combined effect of levels and changes of the resilience resources over lifestyle changes. Patients with strong SOC at baseline were less prone to smoke and more prone to decrease smoking; enhancement in SOC was associated with a smoking decrease. High Disease-specific Self-efficacy at baseline was associated with an improvement in all lifestyles; enhancement in Disease-specific Self-efficacy predicted an increase in physical activity. Findings underline the need to design psychological interventions that promote patients' Disease-specific Self-efficacy and SOC.
Understanding the Role of Social Networking Sites in Political Marketing
Authors: Gupta Shelleka , Chauhan Vinay
Published: March 2023

Today social networking sites (SNS) are one of the most popular and extensively used platforms. These SNSs are now acting as a strong medium of social expression and are changing the way people are acting and reacting to the information flow on these sites. Therefore, in this context, the current study tries to identify how SNS engagement of the people is affecting their online political participation and further how it impacts their rational political decision-making strategy. The resource model of political participation and the social exchange theory are undertaken as a guiding theoretical framework of this study. Survey method was used to collect data from university students across the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir. PLS SEM has been used for data analysis. The paper concludes by putting up the major findings of the study along with theoretical and practical implications.
Paper 08: Long Term Survivorship and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Capsular Repair and Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Domb Benjamin , Lee Michael , Jimenez Andrew , Maldonado David , Lall Ajay , Harris Wallace
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

The purpose of this study is to report minimum 10-year survivorship and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following primary hip arthroscopy with capsular repair for FAIS and to compare outcomes of patients undergoing capsular repair to capsular release.

Methods:

Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed on all patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy with capsular repair between October 2008 and February 2011. Survivorship was defined as a non-conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patients with minimum 10-year follow-up for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS). If available, preoperative and minimum 10-year follow-up for the Hip Outcome Score—Sports Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS) were reported. Patients with ipsilateral hip surgery, worker’s compensation, Tönnis osteoarthritis grade > 1, and hip dysplasia (lateral center-edge angle < 25°) were excluded. Survivorship defined by non-conversion to THA, PROS, and clinical benefit (minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS)) were reported. An additional propensity-matched sub-analysis comparing patients undergoing capsular repair with patients undergoing capsular release over the age of 40 with acetabular labrum articular disruption ≥ 2 was performed.

Results:

145 (130 patients) out of 180 eligible hips (165 patients) had minimum 10-year follow-up (80.6%). 126 hips (86.9%) were female, and 19 hips (13.1%) were male. The average patient age was 30.3 ± 12.9 years. The survivorship rate was 91.0% at minimum 10-year follow-up. The cohort experienced significant improvement (P < 0.001) in the mHHS, NAHS, HOS-SSS, and VAS for pain. Additionally, the cohort achieved high rates of PASS for the mHHS (89.8%), and high rates of the MCID for the mHHS (82.4%) and VAS for pain (80.6%). 29 capsular repair hips were matched to 81 capsular release hips. Both groups experienced significant improvement in all PROs, but there was a higher conversion to THA rate in the release group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy with capsular repair experienced a high rate of survivorship of 91.0% at minimum 10-year follow-up. Patients that did not convert to THA saw favorable improvements in PROs and achieved high rates of clinical benefit. In the subanalysis, patients undergoing capsular repair demonstrated higher rates of survivorship.
Paper 09: Revision rate following primary hip arthroscopy in patients given prophylactic oral losartan for the prevention of post-surgical fibrosis versus no losartan
Authors: Su Chuck , Day Hannah , Comfort Spencer , Briggs Karen , Huard Johnny , Philippon Marc
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

To evaluate whether postoperative treatment with Losartan decreased the revision rate in patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy.

Methods:

Patients underwent primary hip arthroscopy with labral repair and CAM osteoplasty and rim trimming between 2012 and 2017. Patients who underwent microfracture, labral debridement or reconstruction, core decompression, ligamentous teres repair or reconstruction, or capsular reconstruction were excluded. Losartan was added to all patients’ post-operative protocol in December 2015. Patients who underwent hip arthroscopy prior to November 2015 were included in the no-Losartan group (NOLOS) and patients who had arthroscopy between December 2015 and Dec 2017 were included in the losartan group (LOS).

Results:

Of the 964 cases, follow-up was obtained on 673 patients (70%). There were 405 patients in the NOLOS group and 268 in the LOS group. There was no difference in gender distribution (P=0.128) between groups. The LOS group was significantly older (36.6 ±13 years) compared to the NOLOS group (34.1±11)(p=0.012). Average follow-up in the NOLOS group was 5.8±2 years and was 4.1±1 years in the LOS group. Revision hip arthroscopy was required in 35 (8.6%) patients in the NOLOS group and 6 (2.2%) patients in the LOS group(p=0.001). There was no difference in age between those patients who required revision (32±11 years) and those who did not(35±12 years)(p=0.137).

Conclusions:

The prevalence of revision hip arthroscopy was significantly lower (2.2%) in patients who took Losartan as part of their post-operative protocol compared to those who did not (8.6%). Reduction in the need for revision hip arthroscopy can improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare dollars spent.
Education and Public Support for COVID-19 Mitigation Measures
Authors: Chykina Volha , Crabtree Charles
Published: March 2023

Governments around the world have adopted many mitigation strategies to stop the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Public support for these strategies varies widely. In this visualization the authors examine whether college education might play a role in support for various COVID-19 mitigation strategies. To do so, they leverage original data from surveys conducted across six countries. The authors find that the association between education and support for COVID-19 restrictions varies considerably in direction, both by restriction type and by country. Given this finding, in many contexts, the educational status of the intended audience should be considered in how public health messaging campaigns are developed and targeted.
A Guide for Calculating Study-Level Statistical Power for Meta-Analyses
Authors: Quintana Daniel S.
Published: March 2023

Meta-analysis is a popular approach in the psychological sciences for synthesizing data across studies. However, the credibility of meta-analysis outcomes depends on the evidential value of studies included in the body of evidence used for data synthesis. One important consideration for determining a study’s evidential value is the statistical power of the study’s design/statistical test combination for detecting hypothetical effect sizes of interest. Studies with a design/test combination that cannot reliably detect a wide range of effect sizes are more susceptible to questionable research practices and exaggerated effect sizes. Therefore, determining the statistical power for design/test combinations for studies included in meta-analyses can help researchers make decisions regarding confidence in the body of evidence. Because the one true population effect size is unknown when hypothesis testing, an alternative approach is to determine statistical power for a range of hypothetical effect sizes. This tutorial introduces the metameta R package and web app, which facilitates the straightforward calculation and visualization of study-level statistical power in meta-analyses for a range of hypothetical effect sizes. Readers will be shown how to reanalyze data using information typically presented in meta-analysis forest plots or tables and how to integrate the metameta package when reporting novel meta-analyses. A step-by-step companion screencast video tutorial is also provided to assist readers using the R package.