bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O enfrentamento do assédio moral pelos sindicatos
Authors: Souza Terezinha Martins dos Santos , Ducatti Ivan
Published: April 2019

Este ensaio teórico discute o assédio moral no trabalho enquanto constituição e desenvolvimento de uma forma específica de violência no trabalho, enfatizando as consequências sobre a organização da classe trabalhadora, em especial os sindicatos, a partir do materialismo histórico-dialético (MHD). O assédio moral emerge na década de 1970 como uma forma de gestão necessária do capital para enfrentar sua contestação, tão mais eficiente quão pouco explícita. É a lógica do capital que organiza determinadas estratégias de atuação que visam impedir a classe trabalhadora de se unir, de se reconhecer como indivíduos com direitos comuns, como classe. O momento de descenso das representações de classe tem impactado negativamente as formas de resistência dos/as trabalhadores/as, mas saídas existem e devem ser construídas necessariamente no coletivo. A luta sindical esbarra em limites corporativos inerentes à sua própria natureza, mas pode ser travada até o limite, forçando conquistas e organizando a classe nesse processo. Faz-se necessário que a luta contra o assédio moral seja travada como luta de classe e não como luta cidadã, posto que esta é uma das estratégias do capital para sua perpetuação.
Formas alienadas da produção: destruição criativa e produção destrutiva
Authors: Cardoso Felipe Saluti
Published: April 2019

Entre os problemas da produção e do consumo contemporâneos está a tendência à obsolescência dos valores de uso das mercadorias o que implica, por um lado, na criação de condições que generalizam a capacidade de geração de valor e, por outro, na ampliação de seu potencial destrutivo. A lei econômica imposta pelo amadurecimento do capital exige a sobreposição do valor de troca ao efeito útil das mercadorias forçando sua reposição constante no mercado e reproduzindo elementos da unidade e do antagonismo entre valor de uso e valor de troca. Esta tendência evidencia os fundamentos da produção destrutiva e da destruição criativa tratados de modos distintos para explicar as contradições que perfilam a sociedade regida pelo capital, respectivamente, por István Mészáros e David Harvey.
The Dopamine D
1
Receptor and Angiotensin II Type-2 Receptor are Required for Inhibition of Sodium Transport Through a Protein Phosphatase 2A Pathway
Authors: Gildea John J. , Xu Peng , Kemp Brandon A. , Carey Robert M. , Jose Pedro A. , Felder Robin A.
Published: April 2019

Activation of the renal D
1
R (dopamine D
1
-like receptor) or AT
2
R (angiotensin II type-2 receptor), individually or both, simultaneously, is necessary in the normal regulation of renal sodium (Na
+
) transport and blood pressure. However, little is known regarding the precise mechanism of this interaction. Pharmacological stimulation, membrane biotinylation, and cell surface immunofluorescence were used to study the effect of the D
1
R/AT
2
R interaction in human renal proximal tubule cells. D
1
R activation of Gα
S
stimulates AC (adenylyl cyclase) and induces apical plasma membrane recruitment of AT
2
Rs. We now show for the first time the reciprocal reaction, AT
2
R stimulation with Ang III (angiotensin III) leads to the apical plasma membrane recruitment of the D
1
R. The cell-permeable second messenger analogs of cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) or cGMP (8-Br-cGMP) induce translocation of both D
1
R and AT
2
R to the plasma membrane. Inhibition of PKA (protein kinase A) with Rp-cAMPS and PKG (protein kinase G) with Rp-8-CPT-cGMPS blocks D
1
R and AT
2
R recruitment, respectively, indicating that both PKA and PKG are necessary for D
1
R and AT
2
R trafficking. Both 8-Br-cAMP and 8-Br-cGMP activate PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A), which is necessary for both plasma membrane recruitment of D
1
R and AT
2
R and the inhibition of sodium hydrogen exchanger 3-dependent Na
+
transport. These studies provide insights into the D
1
R/AT
2
R transregulation mechanisms that play a crucial role in maintaining Na
+
and ultimately blood pressure homeostasis.
Complex Program Induction for Querying Knowledge Bases in the Absence of Gold Programs
Authors: Saha Amrita , Ansari Ghulam Ahmed , Laddha Abhishek , Sankaranarayanan Karthik , Chakrabarti Soumen
Published: April 2019

Recent years have seen increasingly complex question-answering on knowledge bases (KBQA) involving logical, quantitative, and comparative reasoning over KB subgraphs. Neural Program Induction (NPI) is a pragmatic approach toward modularizing the reasoning process by translating a complex natural language query into a multi-step executable program. While NPI has been commonly trained with the ‘‘gold’’ program or its sketch, for realistic KBQA applications such gold programs are expensive to obtain. There, practically only natural language queries and the corresponding answers can be provided for training. The resulting combinatorial explosion in program space, along with extremely sparse rewards, makes NPI for KBQA ambitious and challenging. We present Complex Imperative Program Induction from Terminal Rewards (CIPITR), an advanced neural programmer that mitigates reward sparsity with auxiliary rewards, and restricts the program space to semantically correct programs using high-level constraints, KB schema, and inferred answer type. CIPITR solves complex KBQA considerably more accurately than key-value memory networks and neural symbolic machines (NSM). For moderately complex queries requiring 2- to 5-step programs, CIPITR scores at least 3× higher F1 than the competing systems. On one of the hardest class of programs (comparative reasoning) with 5–10 steps, CIPITR outperforms NSM by a factor of 89 and memory networks by 9 times. 1
Scrupocellaria (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from the Queensland coast, with the description of three new species
Authors: TILBROOK KEVIN J. , VIEIRA LEANDRO M.
Published: April 2019

Among the Scrupocellaria species previously reported from Queensland, three are here redescribed — S. cervicornis, S.curvata and S. diadema; two other species, S. frondis and S. sinuosa, are recorded from the area for the first time; threenew species, S. hamata n. sp., S. prolata n. sp. and S. peltata n. sp., are also described, and the remainder are discussed.The need for the re-examination of specimens assigned to this genus is highlighted. The geographic range of some Scrupocellaria species is far more limited than once thought.
Eleven new species of the Homoneura (Homoneura) beckeri group from Yunnan, China (Diptera, Lauxaniidae)
Authors: LI WENLIANG , YANG DING
Published: April 2019

In the Homoneura (Homoneura) beckeri group, the following eleven species from Yunnan, China are described as new to science: H. (H.) baihualingensis sp. nov., H. (H.) brevituba sp. nov., H. (H.) conica sp. nov., H. (H.) cornis sp. nov., H. (H.) dulongjiangica sp. nov., H. (H.) ensata sp. nov., H. (H.) gemmiformis sp. nov., H. (H.) latizona sp. nov., H. (H.) longiprocessa sp. nov., H. (H.) pilifera sp. nov. and H. (H.) trilineata sp. nov.. A key to the species of the H. (H.) beckeri group in the Oriental Region is presented.
Taxonomic review of the genus Herpystis Meyrick, 1911 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species
Authors: BAI XIA , LI HOUHUN
Published: April 2019

Five species of Herpystis Meyrick, 1911 are reported from China, four of which species are described as new: H. densisetosa, sp. nov.; H. medispinata, sp. nov.; H. arcisaccula, sp. nov.; and H. orthocera, sp. nov. Herpystis mica Kuznetzov, 1988 is newly recorded in China. Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided, along with a key to the Chinese species.
Emotions as method: Obtrusiveness and participant observation in public bureaucracies
Authors: Hahonou Eric Komlavi
Published: April 2019

Based on a case-study of the governance of health facilities in Niger, the paper examines how emotions can be used as a method to explore meaning-making activities in bureaucratic settings where public servants’ behaviours follow practical norms that deviate from both official norms and social norms. As a supplement to other techniques associated with long-term field research, the use of obtrusive participant-observation is arguably a relevant and fruitful methodological tactic. The author argues that giving space to the ethnographer’s empathy while doing participant-observation enables a deeper understanding of bureaucratic behaviours by bringing emotions back into the analysis of empirical findings and deepening reflexivity. Whereas the paper examines some ethical issues associated with this method in contexts where the ethnographer is confronted with abuse of power in health bureaucracies, the author suggests that emotions as method can be a fruitful approach to bureaucratic ethnography at large.
Effects of Practice Turnover on Primary Care Quality Improvement Implementation
Authors: Baron Andrea N. , Hemler Jennifer R. , Sweeney Shannon M. , Tate Woodson Tanisha , Cuthel Allison , Crabtree Benjamin F. , Cohen Deborah J.
Published: April 2019

Primary care practices often engage in quality improvement (QI) in order to stay current and meet quality benchmarks, but the extent to which turnover affects practices’ QI ability is not well described. The authors examined qualitative data from practice staff and external facilitators participating in a large-scale QI initiative to understand the relationship between turnover and QI efforts. The examination found turnover can limit practices’ ability to engage in QI activities in various ways. When a staff member leaves, remaining staff often absorb additional responsibilities, and QI momentum slows as new staff are trained or existing staff are reengaged. Turnover alters staff dynamics and can create barriers to constructive working relationships and team building. When key practice members leave, they can take with them institutional memory about QI purpose, processes, and long-term vision. Understanding how turnover affects QI may help practices, and those helping them with QI, manage the disruptive effects of turnover.
The Staging of Contested Servicescapes
Authors: Chronis Athinodoros
Published: April 2019

Identifying the abundance of servicescapes whose meaning and identity can be contested by customers, and recognizing the necessity for managing these environments, this study investigates and provides theoretical understanding of the way in which service providers stage contested servicescapes. To this end, ethnographic research was conducted at the Gettysburg National Military Park as an exemplary empirical context of a servicescape that, more than a century and a half after the battle transpired, remains at the center of intense controversies. Analytical attention was focused on the performative practices of tour guides who—as frontline employees (FLEs)—are essential in practices of staging. The contribution of this research lies in (1) highlighting the politicized nature of certain servicescapes and theorizing their staging through three groups of interrelated practices, (2) viewing authenticity as a discourse employed by service providers to legitimize their claims of an undisputed “official” servicescape, and (3) shedding light on current debates on the tension between domination (structure) and resistance (agency) by introducing the strategic notion of metaperformance. Implications for practice are provided in the form of suggestive techniques that can guide FLEs in staging potentially controversial servicescapes and avoiding contestation.
Taste Function in Healthy Taiwanese Adults
Authors: Jiang Rong-San , Lin Wen-Jiun
Published: April 2019

Objective:

In this work, our aim was to measure the taste function of healthy Taiwanese adults using 2 commonly used taste tests.

Methods:

The taste function of 102 healthy Taiwanese adults was evaluated using the whole-mouth suprathreshold taste test and the taste quad test. In the whole-mouth taste test, 5 concentrations of sweet, bitter, sour, and salty solutions were sipped and swished in the mouth twice in a counterbalanced order. A total of 40 tests were done to give a maximum score of 40 for correct quality identification of tastant solutions. In the taste quad test, the 4 quadrants of the tongue were tested using high concentration drops of sweet, bitter, sour, and salty solutions 6 times. A total of 96 tests were done to give a maximum score of 96 for correct quality identification of tastant solutions.

Results:

The score of the whole-mouth taste test ranged from 33 to 40 with a mean of 38.6 for men and from 31 to 40 with a mean of 38.9 for women. The score of the taste quad test ranged from 40 to 91 with a mean of 75 for men and from 38 to 96 with a mean of 78 for women. Sex was shown not to affect the taste function.

Conclusions:

Our result showed that sex did not affect the taste function of healthy Taiwanese adults.
Dual prognostic role of 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent oxygenases in ten cancer types: implications for cell cycle regulation and cell adhesion maintenance
Authors: Chang Wai Hoong , Forde Donall , Lai Alvina G.
Published: April 2019

Background

Tumor hypoxia is associated with metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Genes involved in oxygen‐sensing are clinically relevant and have significant implications for prognosis. In this study, we examined the pan‐cancer prognostic significance of oxygen‐sensing genes from the 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent oxygenase family.

Methods

A multi‐cohort, retrospective study of transcriptional profiles of 20,752 samples of 25 types of cancer was performed to identify pan‐cancer prognostic signatures of 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent oxygenase gene family (a family of oxygen‐dependent enzymes consisting of 61 genes). We defined minimal prognostic gene sets using three independent pancreatic cancer cohorts (n = 681). We identified two signatures, each consisting of 5 genes. The ability of the signatures in predicting survival was tested using Cox regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.

Results

Signature 1 (KDM8, KDM6B, P4HTM, ALKBH4, ALKBH7) and signature 2 (KDM3A, P4HA1, ASPH, PLOD1, PLOD2) were associated with good and poor prognosis. Signature 1 was prognostic in 8 cohorts representing 6 cancer types (n = 2627): bladder urothelial carcinoma (P = 0.039), renal papillary cell carcinoma (P = 0.013), liver cancer (P = 0.033 and P = 0.025), lung adenocarcinoma (P = 0.014), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001 and P = 0.040), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (P < 0.001). Signature 2 was prognostic in 12 cohorts representing 9 cancer types (n = 4134): bladder urothelial carcinoma (P = 0.039), cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (P = 0.035), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.038), renal clear cell carcinoma (P = 0.012), renal papillary cell carcinoma (P = 0.002), liver cancer (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), lung adenocarcinoma (P = 0.011), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (P = 0.002, P = 0.018, P < 0.001), and gastric adenocarcinoma (P = 0.004). Multivariate Cox regression confirmed independent clinical relevance of the signatures in these cancers. ROC curve analyses confirmed superior performance of the signatures to current tumor staging benchmarks. KDM8 was a potential tumor suppressor down‐regulated in liver and pancreatic cancers and an independent prognostic factor. KDM8 expression was negatively correlated with that of cell cycle regulators. Low KDM8 expression in tumors was associated with loss of cell adhesion phenotype through HNF4A signaling.

Conclusion

Two pan‐cancer prognostic signatures of oxygen‐sensing genes were identified. These genes can be used for risk stratification in ten diverse cancer types to reveal aggressive tumor subtypes.
Off-label use of ketamine for treatment-resistant depression in clinical practice: European perspective
Authors: López-Díaz Álvaro , Murillo-Izquierdo Manuel , Moreno-Mellado Elisa
Published: April 2019

Ketamine therapy for treatment-resistant depression in European national health systems may only be considered after attempting all evidence-based antidepressant strategies outlined in clinical guidelines. This paper seeks to explain the ethical, regulatory and procedural framework for the off-label use of ketamine for treatment-resistant depression within a public healthcare system.

Declaration of interest

None.
California Ground Motion Vertical Array Database
Authors: Afshari Kioumars , Stewart Jonathan P. , Steidl Jamison H.
Published: April 2019

We present a data set of ground motion recordings and site information from vertical array sites in California. The recordings include two horizontal components of ground shaking at the ground surface level and from downhole sensors. The availability of both surface and downhole recordings at the same site facilitates direct observations of site response. The site data include measured shear-and compression-wave velocities, and, where available, geotechnical boring logs. We considered 39 vertical array sites in California and chose 21 for inclusion in the database on the basis of having at least four pairs of surface/downhole recordings. The recordings and site data are presented in a data repository, which is accessible at the DesignSafe platform (DOI: 10.17603/146DS2N680). The original digital accelerograms are processed in a manner consistent with NGA-West2 protocols. In this paper, this data set is compared to a similar but larger data set from Japanese vertical arrays compiled by others.
Pioglitazone abolishes cognition impairments as well as BDNF and neurotensin disturbances in a rat model of autism
Authors: Kirsten Thiago B. , Casarin Renato C. , Bernardi Maria M. , Felicio Luciano F.
Published: April 2019

We have shown that exposure of rats to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during gestation induces autistic-like behaviors in the juvenile offspring and pioglitazone post-treatment corrects social and communication deficits. The first objective of the present study was to evaluate the cognition of the rats, because this is also a behavioral sphere committed in autism. Second, biomarkers related to pioglitazone pathways and autism were studied to try to understand their mechanisms. We used our rat model of autism and pioglitazone were administered daily to these young offspring. T-maze spontaneous alternations test, plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), beta-endorphin, neurotensin, oxytocin, and substance P were studied. Exposure of rats to LPS during gestation induced cognitive deficits in the young offspring, elevated BDNF levels, and decreased neurotensin levels. Daily postnatal pioglitazone treatment abolished cognition impairments as well as BDNF and neurotensin disturbances. Together with our previous studies, we suggested pioglitazone as a candidate for the treatment of autism, because it improved the responses of the three most typical autistic-like behaviors. BDNF and neurotensin appeared to be related with the autistic-like behaviors as well as should be considered for therapeutic purposes/pathway.
Strategic Ignorance in Sequential Procurement
Authors: Krasteva Silvana , Yildirim Huseyin
Published: April 2019

Should a buyer approach sellers of complementary goods informed or uninformed of her private valuations, and if informed, in which sequence? In this paper, we show that an informed buyer would start with the high-value seller to minimize future holdup. Informed (or careful) sequencing may, however, hurt the buyer as sellers “read” into it. The buyer may, therefore, commit to ignorance, perhaps, by overloading herself with unrelated tasks, delegating the sequencing decision, or letting sellers self-schedule. Absent such commitment, we show that ignorance is not time-consistent for the buyer, but it increases trade. Evidence on land assembly supports our findings. (JEL D11, D81, D82, D83)
Strategic Performance of Deferred Acceptance in Dynamic Matching Problems
Authors: Kennes John , Monte Daniel , Tumennasan Norovsambuu
Published: April 2019

In dynamic matching problems, priorities often depend on previous allocations and create opportunities for manipulations that are absent in static problems. In the dynamic school choice problem, students can manipulate the period-by-period deferred acceptance (DA) mechanism. With a commonly used restriction on the schools’ priorities, manipulation vanishes as the number of agents increases, but without it the mechanism can be manipulated, even in large economies. We also check manipulation in large finite economies through a novel computer algorithm, which can check every possible manipulation by examining all the different matchings that a single player can induce. (JEL C78, I21, I28)
Low - Temperature Sintering of Porous Ceramics via Sodium Borate Addition
Authors: KALEMTAS AYSE
Published: April 2019

In the current study, sodium borate-bonded highly open porous ceramics successfully produced by starch consolidation technique. Open porous ceramic production was carried out by using an economical grade a-Si3N4, corn starch, CC31 commercial-grade kaolin, and borax decahydrate (Na2B4O7.10H2O). Borax decahydrate was used as a sintering aid in the system and total ceramic (a-Si3N4 + CC31): borax decahydrate ratio was kept constant at 5:1. Sintering studies of the shaped samples carried out in an air atmosphere at a relatively low sintering temperature, 1100°C, for one hour. Scanning electron microscopy investigations of the porous ceramic samples revealed that due to the high amount of borax based sintering additive a significant amount of liquid phase formed during the sintering process of the designed ceramics. Highly open porous(~66-74%) and lightweight(~0.64-0.83 g/cm3) ceramics were produced via starch consolidation technique and low-temperature sintering at atmospheric conditions.
Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose from Natural Areca Fiber
Authors: RANGANAGOWDA RAGHU PATEL G. , KAMATH SAKSHI SHANTHARAM , BENNEHALLI BASAVARAJU
Published: April 2019

In areca empty fruit bunch, fibres are packed strongly with hemicelluloses, lignin and with slight deposition of wax and inorganic elements. In the work reported, for the extraction of cellulose from the raw areca fibres, formic acid (20% v/v) and hydrogen peroxide (10% v/v) were used and the yield of 65% cellulose was attained. To know α-cellulose content with crystallinity, XRD diffractions studies were carried and the values were found to be 93% and 71% respectively. FTIR spectral studies confirm the absence of hemicellulose, lignin and wax in the cellulose extracted from areca fibres. The morphological studies provided the evidence for isolated fibres and removal of deposits in the extracted cellulose.
Bacteriophage GH15: Developing A Novel Weapon Against MRSA
Authors: Card Adam
Published: April 2019

In recent years, numerous bacterial species have developed antibiotic resistance due to the overuse of antibiotics in the home, health care setting, and in agriculture. Alternative methods of treatment, including phage therapy (PT), have been proposed as solutions to this problem. PT is showing promise as an alternative method of treatment against the bacteria methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA is a virulent and antibiotic resistant bacterium capable of causing infections of the skin, respiratory system, and various other body systems. In this research proposal, we propose investigating the use of the Staphylococcal bacteriophage (phage) GH15 as a therapeutic agent against MRSA infections due to its broad host range, its lack of bacterial virulence genes, and its strong ability to lyse various strains of MRSA. Specifically, we propose to evaluate the tail fibre genes of GH15 contributing to the phage’s host range, in addition to the ability of the phage to induce antiphage humoral immune responses in human cells, in the interest of exploring GH15 as a therapeutic agent for use in PT, specifically against MRSA.
Weighing In The Evidence: Lifestyle Modification In The Treatment Of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hong Kathryn
Published: April 2019

Imagine if you suddenly felt your heart “jumping out of your chest” – this is the case for an estimated 1 in 4 Canadians who experience this rapid and chaotic heartbeat characteristic of atrial brillation (AF). The healthy heart works continuously to beat regularly under the control of electrical impulses originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart’s natural pacemaker. In AF, electrical impulses do not originate in the SA node, but rather, from a different part of the atrium or in nearby pulmonary veins. These abnormal electrical signals become rapid and disorganized, radiating throughout the atrial walls in an uncoordinated manner. This can cause the walls of the atrium to quiver, or brillate, which results in irregular electrical transmission from the atria to the ventricles. A normal heart rate at rest should be between 60-100 beats per minute at rest, but in AF, it can be considerably higher than 140 beats per minute1. Affecting more than 33 million individuals worldwide, AF is the most common sustained irregular heart rhythm encountered in clinical practice2. The progression and maintenance of AF results in adverse events, including an increase in hospitalizations and a ve-fold increase in the risk of stroke3. Given this evidence and anticipated increases in life expectancy within the next several decades, there are clear public health implications for the aging Canadian population.
Editorial: Gains and Challenges in the Global Movement for Sex Workers’ Rights
Authors: Lepp Annalee , Gerasimov Borislav
Published: April 2019

Over the past two decades, there has been a growing body of excellent academic and community-based literature on sex workers’ lives, work, and organising efforts, and on the harmful effects of anti-trafficking discourses, laws, and policies on diverse sex worker communities. Importantly, a significant portion of this work has been produced by sex workers and sex worker organisations.[1] When we decided to devote this Special Issue of Anti-Trafficking Review to the theme of sex work, we acknowledged this reality. However, we also thought that, given that the discourses, laws, and policies that directly impact sex workers globally are continually changing, the production of new evidence-based research and critical perspectives is constantly needed.
The New Virtual Crackdown on Sex Workers’ Rights: Perspectives from the United States
Authors: Peterson Meghan , Robinson Bella , Shih Elena
Published: April 2019

On 11 April 2018, the Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act (FOSTA) was signed into law in the United States. FOSTA introduced new provisions to amend the Communications Act of 1934 so that websites can be prosecuted if they engage ‘in the promotion or facilitation of prostitution’ or ‘facilitate traffickers in advertising the sale of unlawful sex acts with sex trafficking victims.’ While supporters of the law claim that its aim is to target human traffickers, its text makes no effort to differentiate between trafficking and consensual sex work and it functionally includes websites where workers advertise services or share information, including safety tips.[3] Following the law’s passage—and even before its full implementation—sex workers felt its impact as websites began to eliminate platforms previously used to advertise services. Backpage, an adult advertising website, was pre-emptively seized by the FBI. Other platforms began to censor or remove content related to sex work, including Google, Craigslist, and many online advertising networks. Sex workers in the United States have denounced the passage of FOSTA for reducing workers’ ability to screen clients and ensure safety practices. This paper provides an overview of the findings of a recent survey with sex workers in the United States, details the advent of similar initiatives in other countries, and explores how the legislation conflates trafficking with consensual sex work.
Anti-trafficking Efforts and Colonial Violence in Canada
Authors: Roots Katrin
Published: April 2019

In Responding to Human Trafficking: Dispossession, Colonial Violence, and Resistance among Indigenous and Racialized Women, Julie Kaye offers a critical examination of how Canadian state and non-state actors understand human trafficking and implement anti-trafficking measures. Kaye examines Canada’s anti-trafficking policies and the efforts of non-government organisations (NGOs) through one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions. She demonstrates the way in which this politically charged issue has worked to conceal Canada’s violent colonial history and naturalise the inequalities and structural and material conditions in which trafficking and various forms of violence occur. Kaye argues that trafficking discourses position the colonial state as the saviour and therefore work to reinforce its power.
Uranium Levels in Groundwater of North India
Authors: PANGHAL AMANJEET , KUMAR AJAY , KUMAR SUNEEL
Published: April 2019

Ionizing radiations are continuously exposed to human being. Natural radionuclides are available in different amount in environment. Uranium is found everywhere in water, rocks, soil and building material. Ground water is the main source of drinking water. So it becomes important to review the water quality of north India in view of uranium. Uranium is inhaled through drinking water in human body. In this regard, an extensive data has been compiled and reviewed in this article from North India and compared with safe limits from worldwide data. The majority of the reported articles are about monitoring of uranium concentration in water samples. Most of the reported data have been obtained using Fission track technique, ICPMS, laser fluorimetery and LED fluorimetery.
Modification of Clinoptilolite with Benzalkonium Chloride as a Carrier of Metformin Hydrochloride
Authors: PUTRA I.M.W.A. , KUSUMAWATI I.G.A.W. , PERMADI A.W.
Published: April 2019

Clinoptilolites have a limitation in the adsorption of drug molecules due to their fixed pore structure. In this study, we modified the clinoptilolite with benzalkonium chloride. The modification was carried out by stirring 1 g of NaCl activated clinoptilolite with 100 mL of benzalkonium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 15 % at room temperature for 24 h. After filtration and drying process, benzalkonium chloride modified clinoptilolite was stirred with 100 mL of 300 mg/L metformin hydrochloride solution at room temperature for 24 h. The result of sample characterization using FTIR spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer and N2 Sorption analyzer showed that clinoptilolite modification with benzalkonium chloride and the impregnation of metformin hydrochloride proceeded well. The optimal amount of metformin hydrochloride occurred in benzalkonium chloride 1 % modified clinoptilolite.
Studies on DNA Interactions and Biological Activities of Lanthanum(III) Complexes with 4-Quinoline Terpyridine and 1,10-Phenanthroline
Authors: CHETANA P.R. , NAVYA D.R. , BHAT VIBHA VINAYAKUMAR , SRINATHA B.S. , DHALE MOHAN A.
Published: April 2019

A series of lanthanum(III) complexes [La(4-qtpy)2(NO3)2](NO3) (1), [La(4-qtpy)3(NO3)](NO3)2 (2), [La(4-qtpy)(phen)(NO3)2](NO3) (3) and [La(4-qtpy)(phen)2(NO3)2](NO3) (4) (4-qtpy = 4′-[(4-quinoline)-2,2′;6′,2′′-terpyridine]) were synthesized and characterized. The cyclic voltammetric studies revealed that the complexes 1 and 3 are redox active. UV-visible absorption spectral studies and viscosity measurements revealed that complexes bind to DNA through intercalation. Complexes 1 and 3 have shown the highest binding propensity (Kb = 4.241 + 0.2 × 106 for 1 and 1.492 + 0.2 × 106 for 3). The results of chemical nuclease studies revealed that the complexes 3 and 4 have shown maximum chemical nuclease activity in the presence of H2O2 and the mechanism involves hydroxyl radicals. The antibacterial activities of the complexes 1 to 4 were tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria in which complex 3 shows comparable results with the standard antibiotic tetracycline. The cytotoxic activities of 4-qtpy and complex 4 were done by MTT assay against HeLa cell lines.
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Copper(II) Complexes of Functionalized Hydrazones
Authors: KASIMBI D. , REDDY K. HUSSAIN , DEVANNA N.
Published: April 2019

Copper(II) complexes having the formula CuL2 {where, L = 2-acetylthiophene acetoylhydrazone (ATAH), 2-acetylthiophene benzoylhydrazone (ATBH)} have been investigated on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility, UV-visible, IR and ESR spectral data. Non-electrolytic nature of the complexes are revealed by molar conductance data. IR spectral data suggested that hydrazones act as tridentate ligands. The spin Hamiltonian, orbital reduction and bonding parameters of complexes are calculated using ESR spectra of complexes. The compounds are screened for their antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aureoginos and Bacillus cereus. Acetoylhydrazones show more antibacterial activity than the corresponding benzoyl hydrazones. Some of the Cu(II) complexes show more activity than hydrazone ligands.
Preparation of New Biologically Active and Water Soluble Dyes: Characterization, Aggregation and Extraction of Metal Ions from Solutions
Authors: TOUJ NEDRA , AL-AYED ABDULLAH SULAIMAN , HAMDI NACEUR
Published: April 2019

The synthesis of metallo-phthalocyanines complexes (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) containing azo dye were described in this study. The metallophthalocyanines have been supported by elemental analysis, UV-visible, FT-IR and NMR. The aggregation of phthalocyanine compounds was investigated in different solvents and concentrations. The newly synthesized metallophthalocyanines possess modest antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, these complexes have been tested as antioxidant and presented remarkable activities by two different in vitro chemical assays. They were able to reduce DPPH % radical with IC50 values ranging from 3.8 to 7.5 μmol L-1 and some of them also reduced ABTS % radical cation.
Setup virtual e placa constritiva, uma alternativa para pequenas discrepâncias
Authors: André Cristiane B.
Published: April 2019

"O setup ortodôntico tem sido utilizado, ao longo dos anos, para auxiliar no planejamento e na tomada de decisão entre uma conduta clínica e outra. A compreensão dos movimentos por parte do paciente é muito bem-vinda, pois facilita a explanação do ortodontista e evita desentendimentos futuros. Com o avanço das tecnologias, o setup passou a ser virtual, o que é um grande avanço, pois, quando realizado por mãos experientes e com softwares de acurácia comprovada, faz muito mais do que simular a movimentação: promove medidas com segurança, sem a necessidade de manipulação de materiais como gesso ou cera..."
Identity of foreign language pre-service teachers to speakers of other languages: Insights from Brazil and Chile
Authors: Archanjo Renata , Barahona Malba , Finardi Kyria Rebeca
Published: April 2019

The aim of this paper is to examine the identity of foreign language (FL) pre-service teachers in two distinct contexts: Brazil and Chile. A multiple case study methodology was used to investigate how foreign language pre-service teachers develop and conceptualize their teacher identity in three different teacher education programs—two in Brazil and one in Chile. The analysis focused on three main issues: emerging identities, the role of foreign language proficiency, and the practicum as a mediating space to develop teacher identity. Results of the two case studies situated in Brazil suggest that FL pre-service teacher identity is shaped by their beliefs on language proficiency. The case study in Chile confirmed that pre-service teachers’ identity oscillates between identifying as students and as teachers. Overall, results of the study suggest that FL teacher identity is shaped by notions of legitimization of the teacher’s role and language proficiency.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: Wach Aleksandra , Scheffler Paweł
Published: April 2019

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HOW TEACHERS DEAL WITH INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE LANGUAGE CLASSROOM: RESULTS OF A STUDY
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław
Published: April 2019

The process and outcome of second or foreign language (L2) learning are mediated by an array of variables, the most important of which are perhaps individual difference (ID) factors (cf. Dörnyei, 2005; Dörnyei, Ryan, 2015; Pawlak, 2012a, 2017a). It is therefore not surprising that such factors have been addressed by hundreds, if not thousands, of studies in the last several decades, and while the foci or methodology of such research have inevitably been subject to change, the role of individual variation in L2 has been taken for granted. Apart from illuminating the role of various ID factors, researchers have also attempted to draw up recommendations concerning how what we know about these factors can inform classroom practice. A question arises, though, about teachers’ awareness of different facets of individual variation, the steps they take to capitalize on learners’ individuality in providing instruction, and the degree to which they can be expected to successfully deal with ID factors in the classroom. The paper tackles these issues by reporting on a questionnaire study which involved 37 Polish teachers of English at different educational levels. The results indicate that, while the respondents are cognizant of individual differences and address them in teaching practice, their understanding thereof is limited and so are the actions they embark on in this respect.
EMOTIONS, LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE AND LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors: Wiśniewska Danuta
Published: April 2019

Emotions are a significant part of our lives. The question of how to communicate emotions is especially important for individuals who, apart from speaking their mother tongue, speak another, either second or foreign language. Research shows that there are differences across languages in terms of the vocabulary of emotion, in the concepts underlying lexical items, in the degree of ease of expressing and describing emotions. Therefore, teaching emotion words is of vital importance for successful communication. One of the factors which may be conducive in eliciting emotions is teaching materials. The purpose of this paper is to address the problem of expressing emotions in a foreign language and suggest the use of linguistic landscape as one of possible sources of input for teaching/learning how to perceive and communicate emotions in a foreign language effectively.
Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
Authors: Kara Aslı , Arici Şerife Evrim
Published: April 2019

There are many diseases in potatoes that cause loss of quality and yield in the world. One of them is the Rhizoctonia stem canker and black scurf of potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani (telemorph: Thanetephorus cucumeris). Disease resistant plants can be generated by irradiated application. By irradiating the plant explants, some radicals and biochemical compounds can be generated in cells. In this study, in-vitro cultured expiants from potato cv. Alonso were irradiated with gamma rays with five different doses (22, 33, 54, 57 and 109 Gy). After four sub-cultures in MS media, irradiated plants were inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani and potato plants were cultured at 24 ± 1°C in climate room conditions. The survival rates of the plants were determined after 15 days. Some parameters such as plant size, leaf number and number of plant nodes were recorded and compared with control groups. The highest survival rate of the plants (42%) was determined at 22 Gy and 109 Gy doses (42%) and the lowest survival rate of plants (20%) was determined in the positive control group (P<0.05). The highest number of plant nodes and number of leafs were determined at 54 Gy doses and maximum plant size was determined at 109 Gy doses.
Dynamic assessment of the pupillary reflex in patients on high-dose opioids
Authors: Kongsgaard Ulf E. , Høiseth Gudrun
Published: April 2019

Background and aims

Pupil size and reaction are influenced by opioids, an effect that is not considered to be affected by opioid tolerance. As clinicians have observed patients on high-dose opioids who exhibited seemingly normal pupil sizes, we wanted to dynamically assess the pupillary reflex in cancer patients on high-dose opioids.

Methods

We performed a dynamic assessment of the pupillary reflex in cancer patients on high-dose opioids and a control group of healthy volunteers using a portable, monocular, infrared pupillometer. We also performed a clinical examination and measured blood concentrations of opioids and their active metabolites.

Results

Sixty three patients who were on opioids for 2 months (median time) and on an oral morphine equivalent dose of 250 mg (median dose) were investigated. Most patients used more than one opioid. When correcting for age, pupil size in the group that had received no increase of opioid dose over the last 14 days was not significantly different from pupil size in the healthy volunteer group (p = 0.76), while the group that had increased the dose of opioids differed significantly from healthy volunteers (p = 0.006). We found no statistically significant correlation between total oral morphine equivalents and pupillary reactions or between blood opioid or opioid metabolite concentrations and baseline pupillary changes.

Conclusion

Pupillary changes do take place in patients on opioids. However, tolerance to these changes occurs when medication is not increased over time. Dynamic pupillometry can give additional information about the degree of tolerance to opioids.

Implications

These findings elucidate previous misconceptions regarding pupillary effects and tolerance to opioids.
Research on digital news distribution based on cognitive neuroscience
Authors: Zheng Xiaomei
Published: April 2019

Updated computer and brain science have profoundly changed journalism and communication as well as the media industry. The application of related technologies and theories represented by big data technology, cognitive neuroscience and intelligent technology may bring about a paradigmatic shift in journalism and communication. On the basis of combing the frontier development of cognitive neuroscience at home and abroad, this paper introduces the cases of applying the cognitive neurological method in communication studies and studies the application situation of the communicating effect in the field of advertising, photos, news webs, and films and television. This paper also discusses the important significance of relevant frontier results for the development of journalism and communication discipline.
The quest for pluripotency: a comparative analysis across mammalian species
Authors: Devika A. S. , Wruck Wasco , Adjaye James , Sudheer Smita
Published: April 2019

Pluripotency is the developmental potential of a cell to give rise to all the cells in the three embryonic germ layers, including germline cells. Pluripotent Stem cells (PSCs) can be embryonic, germ cell or somatic cell in origin and can adopt alternative states of pluripotency: naïve or primed. Although several reports have described the differentiation of PSCs to extra-embryonic lineages, such as primitive endoderm and trophectoderm, this is still debated among scientists in the field. In this review, we integrate the recent findings on pluripotency among mammals, alternative states of pluripotency, signaling pathways associated with maintaining pluripotency and the nature of PSCs derived from various mammals. PSCs from humans and mouse have been the most extensively studied. In other mammalian species, more research is required for understanding the optimum in vitro conditions required for either achieving pluripotency or preservation of distinct pluripotent states. A comparative high-throughput analysis of PSCs of genes expressed in naïve or primed states of humans, non-human primates (NHP) and rodents, based on publicly available data-sets revealed the probable prominence of seven signaling pathways common among these species, irrespective of the states of pluripotency. We conclude by highlighting some of the unresolved questions and future directions of research on pluripotency in mammals.
Herakleitas: λογος kaip φυσις bylojimas
Authors: Jankauskas Skirmantas
Published: April 2019

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba] Straipsnyje pateikiama savita herakleitiškojo Logo kaip mąstančio kalbėjimo interpretacija. Iš pradžių aptariamos antikinio filosofavimo bendrosios ontologinės ir gnoseologinės prielaidos. Bene svarbiausia šio filosofavimo nuostata yra laikoma mąstymo subjekto ir objekto perskyros reliatyvumas. Todėl į efesiečio aforizmus straipsnyje žiūrima kaip fenomenologines įžvalgas. Laikantis tokio požiūrio, mėginama eksplikuoti efesiečio pagrindinio aforizmo (DK22 B1) turinį. Šio aforizmo prasmė pamažu atskleidžiama pasitelkiant kitus Herakleito aforizmus. Kadangi pavieniai aforizmai ir jų grupės atveria skirtingus herakleitiškojo filosofavimo aspektus, tai tie aspektai straipsnyje nuosekliai ir aptariami. Tariant, kad antikinis filosofavimas yra teorinio mąstymo pastanga asimiliuoti tuometinį dalykinį mąstymą, parodoma, kaip teorinio mąstymo logiškumo, t. y. to paties, matas lemia trinarę tikrovės sampratą bei inspiruoja mąstančiajam egzistencinio tikrumo problemą. Kadangi filosofuojantysis aptinka save lakioje būdravimo plotmėje, o tikrumo gali tikėtis vien tą matą tenkinančio Logo sande, tai jis susiduria su šio sando temizavimo problema. Sapną, būdravimą ir Logą Herakleitas traktuoja kaip nebendramatiškus tikrovės sandus, todėl iškyla klausimas, kaip juos temizuoti viena ir ta pačia kalba. Šią problemą papildomai komplikuoja ta aplinkybė, kad, teikdamas prioritetą mąstymo dalykui, Herakleitas yra priverstas pernelyg sureikšminti kalbos etimologiškumą. Straipsnyje parodoma, kad anksčiau minėtą problemą Herakleitas įveikia eksploatuodamas ontologizuotai traktuojamos kalbos, taigi tiesiog pačios tikrovės totalų metaforiškumą. Straipsnis užbaigiamas išvadomis apie filosofuojančiojo misiją ir egzistencinius įpareigojimus, kuriuos žmogui primeta hierarchizuotai traktuojama trinarė tikrovės samprata.
Emocijų metaforinė egzemplifikacija grynojoje muzikoje
Authors: Mikalonytė Elzė Sigutė
Published: April 2019

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba] Šiame straipsnyje ginama tezė, kad grynoji muzika nereprezentuoja emocijų, bet jas metaforiškai egzemplifikuoja. Tezė grindžiama remiantis N. Goodmano metaforinės emocijų egzemplifikacijos samprata, kurią M. Textoras papildo intencijos kriterijumi (egzemplifikuojama tik tai, ką turima intencija egzemplifikuoti). Straipsnis sudarytas iš dviejų dalių: pirmojoje pateikiama emocijų atpažinimo ir sužadinimo klausantis muzikos analizė. Antrojoje dalyje siekiama pagrįsti, kad emocijų metaforinė egzemplifikacija muzikoje laikytina P. Grice’o nenatūralios prasmės rūšimi, o priėmus šią prielaidą galima apginti metaforinės egzemplifikacijos sampratą nuo pagrindinių kontrargumentų.
Išmintis lietuvio pasaulėvaizdyje
Authors: Smetonienė Irena , Ganusauskaitė Beatričė
Published: April 2019

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]

Straipsnyje Liublino etnolingvistų sukurtu kognityvinės definicijos metodu siekiama ištirti lietuviškąją išmintį ir jos vietą vertybių sistemoje. Pirma, nagrinėjami įvairiuose lietuvių kalbos žodynuose pateikiami žodžio išmintis ir jo vedinių straipsniai. Toliau aprašoma atlikta apklausa, atskleidžianti šių laikų jauno žmogaus suvokimą. Galiausiai tiriami šeši diskursai, apibrėžiantys išmintį kaip daugiaplanę sąvoką. Pabaigoje pateikiama kognityvinė definicija, žyminti, kaip lietuvių tautos suvokiama, vertinama, kaip apibūdinama ir su kuo siejama išmintis.