bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telehealth Across the Therapies: Examining the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Clinical Staff Working With Low Socioeconomic Status Populations
Authors: Bolden William
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

This study examined how allied health professionals (e.g., speech-language pathology, physical therapy, and occupational therapy), who provide services to low socioeconomic–status (SES) families through a Texas-based pediatric home health agency, responded to a shift from in-person to telehealth service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:

A 28-item survey was sent out to the 308 clinical staff members at the Texas-based pediatric agency. One hundred thirty-eight respondents completed the survey in its entirety with a response rate of 44.8%.

Results:

Across the allied health professions, most therapists identified themselves as “somewhat prepared,” whereas few respondents identified themselves as “very prepared” or “not at all prepared” to transition to telehealth service delivery. Regardless of perceived differences in service delivery models and challenges faced during the rapid transition to telehealth, therapists largely rated client progress as similar between in-person and telehealth sessions despite reporting level of client engagement, response to cues, and ability to engage in hands-on activities as better in-person than in telehealth sessions. Comparisons among allied health professions and considerations related to the specific population served are discussed.

Conclusions:

Survey results from the allied health professionals at Care Options for Kids and the clinical population of low-SES, early intervention clients were consistent with findings from similar surveys conducted in which the clinical populations were not defined (client age, diagnosis, etc.), suggesting that during the pandemic, allied health professionals face similar challenges as they adopt a telehealth service delivery model. Additional training and access to resources may address some of these challenges. As the pandemic persists, results from this survey may be used to inform therapy companies in their decision-making processes related to the implementation of telehealth.
A state‐of‐the‐art comprehensive review of modern control techniques for grid‐connected wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays distributed generation systems
Authors: Abdul Basit Bilal , Nguyen Anh Tuan , Ryu Sang‐Wook , Park Hyunghu , Jung Jin‐Woo
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a state‐of‐the‐art comprehensive review of the modern control techniques for the widely recommended two distributed generation systems (DGSs) using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)‐ and doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaic (PV) arrays in grid‐connected applications. The already published review papers individually study each DGS and also lack a systematic discussion on the control techniques without any suitable classification. This makes it difficult to study the comparatively improved performance of each control technique and comprehensively understand the control requirements of overall DGSs. Unlike existing literature, this paper first distinctively presents the generalized control configurations for both DGSs in the form of control blocks (CBs). Second, the modern control techniques suggested for each DGS are uniquely classified based on the CBs. Third, each CB is studied in detail considering its required control operation for the particular DGS component and recently proposed control techniques for its implementation. Furthermore, a detailed data analysis and comparative graphical illustrations are provided to appropriately study the merits and demerits of every state‐of‐the‐art control technique. Finally, the useful future research directions are presented to realize improved hardware components and control techniques for the grid‐connected WTs and PV arrays DGSs.
Polarization and variability of compact sources measured in Planck time-ordered data
Authors: Rocha G. , Keskitalo R. , Partridge B. , Marscher A. , O’Dea C. , Pearson T. J. , Górski K. M.
Published: May 2022

This paper introduces a new Planck Catalog of Polarized and Variable Compact Sources (PCCS-PV) comprising 153 sources, the majority of which are extragalactic. The data include both the total flux density and linear polarization measured by Planck with frequency coverage from 30 to 353 GHz, and temporal spacing ranging from days to years. We classify most sources as beamed, extragalactic radio sources; the catalog also includes several radio galaxies, Seyfert galaxies, and Galactic and Magellanic Cloud sources, including H II regions and planetary nebulae. An advanced extraction method applied directly to the multifrequency Planck time-ordered data, rather than the mission sky maps, was developed to allow an assessment of the variability of polarized sources. Our analysis of the time-ordered data from the Planck mission, tod2flux, allowed us to catalog the time-varying emission and polarization properties for these sources at the full range of polarized frequencies employed by Planck, 30-353 GHz. PCCS-PV provides the time-and frequency-dependent, polarized flux densities for all 153 sources. To illustrate some potential applications of the PCCS-PV, we conducted preliminary comparisons of our measurements of selected sources with published data from other astronomical instruments. In summary, we find general agreement between the Planck and the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) polarization measurements as well as with the Metsähovi 37 GHz values at closely similar epochs. These combined measurements also show the value of PCCS-PV results and the PCCS2 catalog for filling in missing spectral (or temporal) coverage and helping to define the spectral energy distributions of extragalactic sources. In turn, these results provide useful clues as to the physical properties of the sources.
Revisiting the high-mass transfer close binary star system AU Monocerotis
Authors: Armeni Antonio , Shore Steven N.
Published: May 2022

Context. AU Monocerotis is an eclipsing, double-lined spectroscopic binary with a period of 11 days that is in a state of extreme mass transfer, consisting of a main sequence B-type embedded in a thick accretion disk fed by a Roche lobe overflowing evolved G-type companion. It is also one of the double periodic variable Algol-type binaries.

Aims. Our aim is to study the accretion environment and the origin of the long cycle in the system. We present revised properties of the gainer by including contributions from the accretion disk and its boundary layer, because the absorption lines used in previous works to estimate the parameters were contaminated by the disk absorption.

Methods. We performed a multiwavelength spectroscopic study using archival high-resolution IUE ultraviolet (1200–3200 Å) spectra and optical spectra (from about 3700–9000 Å) from FEROS, HARPS, and SOPHIE.

Results. Using the optical He I lines and the UV Si III, C II, Si IV lines, we derived new parameters for the temperature, gravity, and rotational velocity of the B star. The IUE spectra delineate a stratified environment around the gainer, with spectral lines such as O I, Mg II, Al II, and Si II formed in the outer accretion disk and a pseudo-photospheric boundary layer that alters the spectrum. Phase-limited discrete outflows, detected in the time-dependent absorption, trace the stream impact site and the disturbance it creates downstream in the disk. The long-term variability is due to changes in the accretion disk structure and circumstellar environment. Enhanced systemic mass outflow is observed at long cycle maximum, reaching at least 1000 km s−1.

Conclusions. These results highlight the complex interplay between physical mechanisms that regulate the evolution of strongly interacting mass-exchanging binary stars.
Traitement de deux cas cliniques d’infraclusion antérieure : apport des extractions et utilisation des minivis d’ancrage en technique mixte et vestibulaire
Authors: Pujol Pierre
Published: May 2022

De par leur étiologie multiple le traitement des infraclusions dentaires compte parmi les plus difficiles en orthodontie. Dans le traitement de deux cas cliniques, l’un en technique mixte et l’autre en technique vestibulaire, l’association d’extractions dentaires et des minivis permet le traitement d’une infraclusion antérieure importante en technique linguale mixte dans le premier cas et celui d’une infraclusion antérieure associée à une hyperdivergence majeure dans le deuxième cas.
Approche multidisciplinaire d’un cas de fusion incisive centrale maxillaire avec un « talon cusp »
Authors: Terbeche Sonia , Yousfi Kheira , Saddat Samia , Messaoudi Souad Larbi , Fouatih Noureddine Ahmed
Published: May 2022

Fusion et gémination sont des termes qui décrivent les « dents doubles » et représentent des défis thérapeutiques. Le cas clinique d’un garçon âgé de 8 ans, normodivergent, classe I DDM, présentant une fusion de l’incisive centrale maxillaire droite avec deux dents surnuméraires (une supplémentaire et un talon cusp) est décrit. La prise en charge chirurgicale par résection, restauration esthétique puis traitement orthodontique d’alignement dentaire et le traitement endodontique conservateur de l’incisive centrale maxillaire droite sont présentés.
An efficient generalized fuzzy TOPSIS algorithm for the selection of the hybrid energy resources: A comparative study between single and hybrid energy plant installation in Turkey
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Majumder Arunava , Yadav Rakesh
Published: May 2022

This paper develops an efficient algorithm for selecting the most suitable and appropriate hybridized energy power plant using “fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making” (MCDM) in Turkey. This research compares the findings of existing studies with energy hybridization. The study investigated the method of suitable location selection to install renewable energy power plants. Installation of an energy power plant is quite a difficult task as there are many factors such as availability of resources and environmental or social factors that significantly impact determining the best energy resource plant to be implemented. The purpose of this research is to extend the single-resource plant installation policy to multi-resource (hybridized) energy usage. An efficient algorithm is developed with the help of combination theory and combined fuzzy TOPSIS method to choose the best suitable alternative out of all possible single and hybrid energy resources in Turkey. All criteria, alternatives, and numerical values are chosen identically with the previous literature to compare the efficiency of the developed method. The result obtains the decision for the best hybridization along with the most suitable combination of various energy resources and sMAPE analysis. The results also supports the real situation of energy resources in Turkey.
Ambulante Rehabilitative Versorgung von Patienten mit Long-COVID
– eine leitlinienorientierte klinisch-praktische
Handlungsempfehlung
Authors: Teixido Lidia , Andreeva Elena , Gartmann Judith , Lemhöfer Christina , Sturm Christian , Gutenbrunner Christoph
Published: May 2022

Hintergrund Auch über Wochen und Monate anhaltende und neu
auftretende Symptome nach einer SARS-CoV-2 Infektion sind verbreitet und
führen teilweise zu einem bunten Bild an Einschränkungen und
Defiziten. Wissenschaftliche Evidenz zu einzelnen therapeutischen
Möglichkeiten ist nur begrenzt verfügbar. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit
ist es daher pragmatische Be-handlungsempfehlungen analog der aktuellen
Heilmittelrichtlinie aufzustellen.

MethodeNeben einer Suche in sechs elektronischen Datenbanken wurden auch
die Erfahrungen aus der Behandlung von hunderten Betroffenen aus der
Post-COVID-Sprechstunde sowie Patienten mit ähnlichen Symptomen bei
anderen Erkrankungen herangezogen. Unter Einbeziehung aller Autoren erfolgte
dann die Entwicklung der pragmatischen Handlungsempfehlungen für die
Hauptsymptome im Rahmen ambulanter Therapiemaßnahmen. Eine Aufstellung
von möglicher Diagnostik und funktionellen Assessments vor der Therapie
wurde abschließend entwickelt.

Ergebnisse Für die Hauptsymptome Fatigue, Dyspnoe und kognitive
Einschränkungen bietet der Heilmittelkatalog unter der Diagnose U09.9
weitreichende therapeutische Möglichkeiten. Die Zusammenstellung der
Therapiepakete sollte individuell erfolgen und durch Reassesments an das
Leistungsniveau angepasst werden. Eine Aufklärung des Patienten
über mögliche Rückfälle und Verschlechterungen
sowie Umgang mit diesen sollte Teil der Therapie sein.
Diskussion Ambulante Heilmittel sollten im Rahmen des besonderen
Verordnungsbedarfes zur Behandlung von Long-COVID eingesetzt werden. Hierbei ist
es wichtig auch schwerwiegende Komplikationen nach der Erkrankung, wie
beispielsweise das Post-intensive-Care-Syndrom zu erfassen und speziell zu
behandeln. Eine regelmäßige Überprüfung
wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten und Empfehlungen sollte auf Grund der schnellen
Weiterentwicklung der Erkenntnisse erfolgen. Qualitativ hochwertige
Interventionsstudien sind notwendig, um eine größere Evidenz auf
diesem Gebiet zu erreichen.
Transesophageal Ultrasound Guidance for Endovascular Interventions on the Aorta
Authors: Castro-Verdes Mireya , Yuan Xun , Mitsis Andreas , Li Wei , Nienaber Christoph A.
Published: May 2022

Aortic pathologies in general require a multidisciplinary approach and decision-making to integrate elements of clinical acuity, vascular pathology, individual comorbidity, and risk assessment; thus, ideally it is a center with access to multiple imaging modalities and expertise in all treatment options. Besides classic open surgical options, endovascular procedures have been accepted for a variety of aortic pathologies. More recently, novel transcatheter interventions even to the proximal aorta have been introduced, particularly for patients unfit for open surgery. Nevertheless, the role of transesophageal echocardiography to guide percutaneous aortic interventions is not well established, notwithstanding the growing potential as an ancillary tool to guide the procedure and document success.
300 mm CMOS-compatible fabrication of Ru2Si3 sub-50 nm thin films and characterization
Authors: Hertel Johannes , Schwinge Caroline , Gerlich Lukas , Wagner-Reetz Maik
Published: May 2022

We report the thermoelectric characterization of Ru2Si3 thin films. Ruthenium (VI)-silicide was formed via silicidation by rapid thermal processing of ruthenium on amorphous, undoped silicon of different thicknesses (sub-50 nm). 300 mm wafer level processes were applied, utilizing physical and chemical vapor deposition methods. High-temperature-XRD, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry confirm the formation of single-phase Ru2Si3 thin films. Thermoelectric measurements reveal exceptionally high Seebeck coefficients of up to 1.5 mV/K close to room temperature in dependence of adjustable oxide nanoskins. Due to the thermal stability of the nanoskins, fine-tuning of the thermoelectric properties by rapid thermal processing could be applied in a large temperature range.
Hot carrier extraction from plasmonic–photonic superimposed heterostructures
Authors: Lee Sanghyuk , Yu Sungju
Published: May 2022

Plasmonic nanostructures have been exploited in photochemical and photocatalytic processes owing to their surface plasmon resonance characteristics. This unique property generates photoinduced potentials and currents capable of driving chemical reactions. However, these processes are hampered by low photon conversion and utilization efficiencies, which are issues that need to be addressed. In this study, we integrate plasmonic photochemistry and simple tunable heterostructure characteristics of a dielectric photonic crystal for the effective control of electromagnetic energy below the diffraction limit of light. The nanostructure comprises high-density Ag nanoparticles on nanocavity arrays of SrTiO3 and TiO2, where two oxides constitute a chemical heterojunction. Such a nanostructure is designed to form intense electric fields and a vectorial electron flow channel of Ag → SrTiO3 → TiO2. When the plasmonic absorption of Ag nanoparticles matched the photonic stopband, we observed an apparent quantum yield of 3.1 × 10−4 e− per absorbed photon. The contributions of light confinement and charge separation to the enhanced photocurrent were evaluated.
The interfacial structure of super-concentration LiNO3 aqueous electrolyte studied by second harmonic generation
Authors: Bai Ruipeng , Lin Yuan , Guo Yuan , Zhang Zhen
Published: May 2022

The interfacial structure of a super-concentration LiNO3 aqueous electrolyte was studied using non-resonant second harmonic generation (SHG) and heterodyne-detected SHG spectra. First, we investigated the electric double layer structure at the air/LiNO3 interface. As the concentration of LiNO3 increased, the SHG intensity first increased and then remained unchanged, while the SHG phase changed by about 5°. These results reveal that there was only a small amount of NO3− at the interface. The increase of the SHG intensity resulted from the thickening of the interfacial water molecular layer. In addition, we studied the broadening mechanism of the electrochemical stability window (ESW) for the super-concentrated LiNO3 aqueous electrolyte. During cyclic voltammetry scanning, the potential-dependent SHG curves of the Pt/LiNO3 interface verify that at the cathodic end of the ESW, as the concentration of LiNO3 increased, the orientation angle θ of Pt–H changed less and the number density Ns of Pt–H gradually decreased, which indicates the decrease of the number of adsorbed H atoms on the Pt electrode surface. Therefore, the decrease of the number of free water molecules on the Pt electrode surface resulted in an expanded ESW.
Experimental investigation of flow control of a curved-surface jet at Mach 5 hypersonic flow
Authors: Sun Zhikun , Shi Zhiwei , Li Zheng , Geng Xi , Sun Qijie , Chen Sinuo , Sun Quanbing
Published: May 2022

Jet flow-control technology is a promising area of fluid research. In this work, the flow-control effect of a curved-surface jet in an incoming flow of Mach = 5 and its underlying control mechanism are experimentally studied using high-speed photography and dynamic force measurement. From the establishment of complete stability of the flow field, the evolutionary process can be roughly divided into five stages: two equilibrium stages (short and long term), jet acceleration stage, bow shock formation stage, interference removal stage, and stable state. By defining the pressure ratio (PR) as an independent variable, it is found that the flow control of the jet occurs through different wave-system structures. The interaction between the jet and the incoming flow produces an oblique shockwave and expansion waves. The shockwave generates thrust and forms a virtual rudder surface; the expansion waves interact with the backflow region and the separated shear layer to generate lift. Moreover, PR has an optimal solution of PRopt. When PR < PRopt, the effect of flow control is related to α, Ve, and ρe, and the greater the PR, the stronger the flow-control effect. When PR > PRopt, the flow-control effect is related to α and ρe, and the larger the PR, the weaker the effect of the shockwave and the stronger the effect of the expansion waves but the slower the growth. In experiments, the thrust, pitching moment, and lift increased by 17.43%, 17.75%, and 9.45%, respectively, because of the appearance of wave-system structure when PRopt = 201.32.
Particle-resolved simulations of local liquid spreading in packed beds: Effect of wettability at varying particle size
Authors: Ambekar Aniket S. , Rüde Ulrich , Buwa Vivek V.
Published: May 2022

Packed beds are widely used to perform solid-catalyzed gas–liquid reactions, e.g., hydrodesulfurization, oxidation, and hydrogenation. The overall performance of packed beds is often governed by local liquid spreading. In the present work, the dynamics of liquid spreading through a randomly packed three-dimensional bed is investigated using particle-resolved volume-of-fluid simulations. The effect of particle surface-wettability (θ) at varying particle diameter (dp) on the relative contributions of forces governing the dynamics of liquid spreading is analyzed using the Ohnesorge (OhI), Weber (WeI), and ABI (proposed in the present work) numbers. With the help of simulated liquid spreading and these numbers, we show that the contribution of inertial force is significant at the beginning of liquid spreading irrespective of θ as well as dp and promotes lateral liquid spreading (ABI >1, WeI >1). Once the dominance of inertial force diminishes, the capillary force leads to a substantial increase in the lateral spreading (ABI > 1, WeI < 1). In the final stages, the gravitational force dominates restricting the lateral liquid spreading (ABI < 1). Furthermore, we have proposed a regime map constructed using ABI and WeI, which provides a relationship between different forces and the resultant liquid spreading at breakthrough. We also show that the dominance of capillary force (ABI >1, WeI <1) results in the highest lateral spreading, whereas the flow dominated by inertial (ABI >1, WeI >1) and gravitational force (ABI ≪ 1) leads to intermediate and least lateral liquid spreading, respectively.
Comparison of combustion and micro-explosion characteristics of droplet group of biodiesel/ethanol and biodiesel/RP-3/ethanol
Authors: Meng Kesheng , Li Lan , Zhang Xiaolei , Huang Zhiyong , Wang Fengsheng , Li Rui , Lin Qizhao
Published: May 2022

In order to compare the influence of temperature on the micro-explosion intensity and frequency of BD60E40 droplet group (the ratio of biodiesel to ethanol was 60:40) and BD60R10E30 droplet group (the ratio of biodiesel, RP-3, and ethanol was 60:10:30), a five-droplet synchronous heating experimental system was established. Using this experimental system, the heating sequence experiments of BD60E40 droplet group and BD60R10E30 droplet group in the range of 500–800 °C were carried out under simulated atmospheric conditions. By adjusting the ambient temperature, not only the ignition and expansion of the droplet group were found, but also the supermicro-explosion phenomenon was observed. In the experiment, the life cycle of droplet group had different characteristics under different temperatures and the life cycle of BD60E40 droplet group was calculated under 500–800 °C. The characteristics and reasons of BD60E40 droplet group life cycle changing with temperature were analyzed. Furthermore, the frequency model of supermicro-explosion of droplet group was established and calculated, and the influence of combustion on supermicro-explosion was analyzed. Furthermore, the reason for the difference of micro-explosion intensity between BD60E40 droplet group and BD60R10E30 droplet group was compared and analyzed.
Long-range transport and ultrafast interfacial charge transfer in perovskite/monolayer semiconductor heterostructure for enhanced light absorption and photocarrier lifetime
Authors: Zhang Chi , Lu Guochao , Zhang Yao , Fang Zhishan , He Haiping , Zhu Haiming
Published: May 2022

Atomically thin two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have shown great potential for optoelectronic applications, including photodetectors, phototransistors, and spintronic devices. However, the applications of TMD-based optoelectronic devices are severely restricted by their weak light absorption and short exciton lifetime due to their atomically thin nature and strong excitonic effect. To simultaneously enhance the light absorption and photocarrier lifetime of monolayer semiconductors, here, we report 3D/2D perovskite/TMD type II heterostructures by coupling solution processed highly smooth and ligand free CsPbBr3 film with MoS2 and WS2 monolayers. By time-resolved spectroscopy, we show interfacial hole transfer from MoS2 (WS2) to the perovskite layer occurs in an ultrafast time scale (100 and 350 fs) and interfacial electron transfer from ultrathin CsPbBr3 to MoS2 (WS2) in ∼3 (9) ps, forming a long-lived charge separation with a lifetime of >20 ns. With increasing CsPbBr3 thickness, the electron transfer rate from CsPbBr3 to TMD is slower, but the efficiency remains to be near-unity due to coupled long-range diffusion and ultrafast interfacial electron transfer. This study indicates that coupling solution processed lead halide perovskites with strong light absorption and long carrier diffusion length to monolayer semiconductors to form a type II heterostructure is a promising strategy to simultaneously enhance the light harvesting capability and photocarrier lifetime of monolayer semiconductors.
Event-based quickflow simulation with OpenLISEM in a burned Mediterranean forest catchment
Authors: Vieira D. C. S. , Basso M. , Nunes J. P. , Keizer J. J. , Baartman J. E. M.
Published: May 2022

Recently burnt areas typically reveal strong to extreme hydrological responses, as a consequence of loss of protective soil cover and heating-induced changes in topsoil properties. Soil water repellency (SWR) has frequently been referred to as one of the explanatory variables for fire-enhanced surface runoff generation but this has been poorly demonstrated, especially at the catchment scale. This study employs a process-based modelling approach to better understand the relevance of SWR in the hydrological response of a small, entirely burnt catchment in central Portugal, in particular by comparing hydrological events under contrasting initial conditions of dry vs wet soils. The OpenLISEM model was applied to a selection of 16 major rainfall runoff events that occurred during the first 2 post-fire years. The automatic calibration procedure resulted in good model performance, but it worsened for validation events. Furthermore, uncertainty analysis revealed an elevated sensitivity of OpenLISEM to event-specific conditions, especially for predicting the events’ total and peak flows. Also, predicted spatial patterns in runoff poorly agreed with the runoff observed in microplots. Model performance improved when events were separated by dry and wet initial moisture conditions, particularly for wet conditions, suggesting the role of variables other than initial soil moisture.
The effect of learning to drum on behavior and brain function in autistic adolescents
Authors: Cahart Marie-Stephanie , Amad Ali , Draper Stephen B. , Lowry Ruth G. , Marino Luigi , Carey Cornelia , Ginestet Cedric E. , Smith Marcus S. , Williams Steven C. R.
Published: May 2022

Significance

There is an acknowledged need for improved service provision in the context of autism spectrum disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated the positive role drum training can play in improving behavioral outcomes for children and adolescents with emotional and behavioral difficulties. However, to date, none of these studies has explored how these behavioral changes translate at the neural level. Our study provides strong evidence that drumming not only reduces hyperactivity and inattention in autistic adolescents but also strengthens functional connectivity in brain regions responsible for inhibitory control and action outcome monitoring.
GPR174 signals via Gαs to control a CD86-containing gene expression program in B cells
Authors: Wolf Elise W. , Howard Zachary P. , Duan Lihui , Tam Hanson , Xu Ying , Cyster Jason G.
Published: May 2022

Significance

Modeling immune responses in vitro is critical for studying many facets of the B cell response. We show that during culture without stimulation, mouse B cells undergo massive changes in gene expression. Many of these changes are promoted by GPR174 signaling via Gαs. GPR174 and Gαs also contribute to reduced B cell viability during culture. We suggest that GPR174 antagonists may be useful to reduce the shift in gene expression and to augment B cell survival during culture. We also provide evidence that ligand engagement of GPR174 can activate this pathway in vivo. Variants in the GPR174 locus have been associated with autoimmune diseases. Our findings provide knowledge for understanding how alterations in GPR174 expression may contribute to disease.
Evidence for an adolescent sensitive period to family experiences influencing adult male testosterone production
Authors: Gettler Lee T. , Rosenbaum Stacy , Kuo Patty X. , Sarma Mallika S. , Bechayda Sonny Agustin , McDade Thomas W. , Kuzawa Christopher W.
Published: May 2022

Significance

Testosterone influences how animals devote energy and time toward reproduction, including opposing demands of mating and competition versus parenting. Reflecting this, testosterone often declines in new fathers and lower testosterone is linked to greater caregiving. Given these roles, there is strong interest in factors that affect testosterone, including early-life experiences. In this multidecade study, Filipino sons whose fathers were present and involved with raising them when they were adolescents had lower testosterone when they later became fathers, compared to sons whose fathers were present but uninvolved or were not coresident. Sons’ own parenting behaviors did not explain these patterns. These results connect key social experiences during adolescence to adult testosterone, and point to possible intergenerational effects of parenting style.
Pop music in informal foreign language learning
Authors: Ludke Karen M. , Morgan Kathryn A.
Published: May 2022

There is currently little information about the kinds of foreign language pop music, songs and activities used by language learners in informal learning contexts. This systematic analysis provides an overview of research from 2010–2020 in an attempt to describe how foreign language learners find, listen to, and engage with pop songs from another country or culture and how this can lead to increased informal language learning, using qualitative observations and interview responses found in published articles to conduct thematic analysis using grounded theory. Thematic analysis resulted in six themes within the peer-reviewed qualitative journal articles, and we argue that more research is needed into learner perspectives and about how learners engage autonomously with L2 pop music in informal language learning.
Surface-induced gas-phase redistribution effects in plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane: numerical investigation by fluid modeling
Authors: Zhu Mingrui , Zhong An , Dai Dong , Wang Qiao , Shao Tao , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: May 2022

Plasma catalysis is an emerging process electrification technology for industry decarbonization. Plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane relies on the mutual effects of the plasma and the catalyst leading to the higher chemical conversion efficiency. The effects of catalyst surfaces on the plasma are predicted to play a major role, yet they remain unexplored. Here, a 1D plasma fluid model combined with 0D surface kinetics is developed to reveal how the surface reactions on platinum (Pt) catalyst affect the redistribution of the gas-phase particles. Two contrasting models with and without the surface kinetics as well as the Spearman rank correlation coefficients are used to quantify the effect of the key species (H, CH, CH2) on the CO generation. Advancing the common knowledge that Pt catalyst can influence the plasma chemistry directly by changing the surface loss/production of particles, this study reveals that the catalyst can also affect the spatial distributions of active species, thereby influencing the plasma chemistry in an indirect way. This result goes beyond the existing state-of-the-art which commonly relies on over-simplified 0D models which cannot resolve the spatial distribution. Further analysis indicates that the species spatial redistribution is driven by the dynamic catalyst surface adsorption-desorption processes. This work enables the previously elusive account of active species redistribution and may open new opportunities for plasma-catalytic sustainable chemical processes.
Experimental and theoretical investigations on fullerene (C60) induced compact CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films
Authors: Kumar Virendra , Pandey Anand , Kumar Lokendra , Singh Manohar , Kumar Ashwani , Kishor Shyam , Jain Kalpna , Singh Khundrakpma Saratchandra , Singh Beer Pal
Published: May 2022

In the present work, pure and Fullerene (C60)-doped methyl ammonium lead halide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite thin films were prepared on glass substrates by spin coating method at different concentrations of fullerene (C60).The structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of as-prepared thin films were analysed using experimental and computational methods. The X-ray diffraction studies and their Reitveld refinement analysis of the samples confirms that all deposited perovskite thin films have tetragonal structure and are highly oriented along the (110) plane. The morphology of the perovskite films was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The elemental composition of perovskite thin films was confirmed by Energy Dispersive X-rays Analysis (EDAX). The addition of fullerene (C60) resulted in the increase of grain size sand a more compact surface development of the perovskite thin films with fewer flaws as compared with perovskite thin films without (C60) was evaluated. Also, geometrical, electronic and optical properties were studied by using the first principles DFT computational method. Optical properties have been studied experimentally and verified computationally. All the perovskite thin film samples exhibit direct band-gap which is suitable for solar cells applications.
Time evolution of quantum correlations in presence of state dependent bath
Authors: Rashid Mehboob , Qadir Lone Muzaffar , Ganai Prince A
Published: May 2022

The emerging quantum technologies heavily rely on the understanding of dynamics in open quantum systems. In the Born approximation, the initial system-bath correlations are often neglected which can be violated in the strong coupling regimes and quantum state preparation. In order to understand the influence of initial system-bath correlations, we study the extent to which these initial correlations and the distance of separation between the qubits influence the dynamics of quantum entanglement and coherence. It is shown that at low temperatures, the initial correlations have no role to play while at high temperatures, these correlations strongly influence the dynamics. Furthermore, we have shown that the distance of separation between the qubits in presence of a collective bath helps to maintain entanglement and coherence at long times.
Development of a compact muon veto for the Nucleus experiment
Authors: Wagner V. , Rogly R. , Erhart A. , Savu V. , Goupy C. , Lhuillier D. , Vivier M. , Klinkenberg L. , Angloher G. , Bento A. , Canonica L. , Cappella F. , Cardani L. , Casali N. , Cerulli R. , Colantoni I. , Cruciani A. , del Castello G. , Friedl M. , Garai A. , Ghete V.M. , Guidi V. , Hauff D. , Kaznacheeva M. , Kinast A. , Kluck H. , Langenkämper A. , Lasserre T. , Mancuso M. , Mauri B. , Mazzolari A. , Mazzucato E. , Neyrial H. , Nones C. , Oberauer L. , Onillon A. , Ortmann T. , Pattavina L. , Petricca F. , Potzel W. , Pröbst F. , Pucci F. , Reindl F. , Rothe J. , Schermer N. , Schieck J. , Schönert S. , Schwertner C. , Scola L. , Stodolsky L. , Strauss R. , Tomei C. , Mirbach K.v. , Vignati M. , Wex A.
Published: May 2022

The Nucleus experiment aims to measure coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering of reactor anti-neutrinos using cryogenic calorimeters. Operating at an overburden of 3 meters of water equivalent, muon-induced backgrounds are expected to be one of the dominant background contributions. Besides a high efficiency to identify muon events passing the experimental setup, the Nucleus muon veto has to fulfill tight spatial requirements to fit the constraints given by the experimental site and to minimize the induced detector dead-time. We developed highly efficient and compact muon veto modules based on plastic scintillators equipped with wavelength shifting fibers and silicon photo multipliers to collect and detect the scintillation light. In this paper, we present the full characterization of a prototype module with different light read-out configurations. We conclude that an efficient and compact muon veto system can be built for the Nucleus experiment from a cube assembly of the developed modules. Simulations show that an efficiency for muon identification of >99 % and an associated rate of 325 Hz is achievable, matching the requirements of the Nucleus experiment.
Two distinct waves of greening in northeastern Canada: summer warming does not tell the whole story
Authors: Bayle Arthur , Roy Alexandre , Dedieu Jean-Pierre , Boudreau Stéphane , Choler Philippe , Lévesque Esther
Published: May 2022

Arctic vegetation cover has been increasing over the last 40 years, which has been attributed mostly to increases in temperature. Yet, the temporal dimension of this greening remains overlooked as it is often viewed as a monotonic trend. Here, using 11 year long rolling windows on 30 m resolution Landsat data, we examined the temporal variations in greening in north-eastern Canada and its dependence on summer warming. We found two significant and distinct waves of greening, centred around 1996 and 2011, and observed in all land cover types (from boreal forest to arctic tundra). The first wave was more intense and correlated with increasing summer temperature while no such relation was found for the weaker second wave. More specifically, the greening lasted longer at higher elevation during the first wave which translates to a prolonged correlation between greening and summer warming compared to low-altitude vegetation. Our work explored a forsaken complexity of high latitude greening trends and associated drivers and has raised new questions that warrant further research highlighting the importance to include temporal dimension to greening analyses in conjunction with common spatial gradients.
Plasticity and fracture of AA7075 at elevated strain rates and temperatures
Authors: Li X , Roth C C , Pandya K , Karathanasopoulos N , Mohr D
Published: May 2022

The accurate description of the strain rate and temperature dependent response of Aluminium alloys is a perpetual quest in the hot forming industry. In the present study, uniaxial tension, and notched tension experiments are conducted for an aluminium AA7075-T6 sheet metal at various temperatures and strain rates. The experimental campaign covers strain rates ranging from 0.001/s to 100/s, and temperatures ranging from 20°C to 360°C. We observe low strain rate sensitivity at room temperature, with an increase in strain rate sensitivity as temperature is increased up to 360°C. An YLD2000-3D model is employed to describe the anisotropy of the material. A machine learning based hardening model is employed to capture the complex strain rate and temperature effect on the observed hardening response. Counter-example regularization is utilized to guarantee a convergence in the numeric return-mapping algorithm. Comparing the experimental force-displacement curves with the numerical predictions, the neural network model accurately describes the large deformation response of the material in the post-necking range.
Implicitization of the Vegter Yield Criterion
Authors: Sheng J , Yang S-Y , Tong W
Published: May 2022

An advanced yield criterion plays a central role in rate-independent plasticity modeling of sheet metals in automotive and other industrial applications. Different from many non-quadratic yield criteria based on implicit polynomials, Vegter yield criterion is piecewise and quadratic as it is originally constructed by interpolation of several biaxial stress states using multiple second-order Bézier curves. Additional efforts in recent years have made Vetger yield criterion more user-friendly, flexible and robust for sheet metal forming applications. Nevertheless, Vetger yield criterion has only been presented in its parametric formulation in the literature. This work describes a method of reformulating the existing Vetger Lite yield criterion into the implicit form that is more commonly used in the conventional sheet metal plasticity modeling. The potential benefits of using both the original parametric and the new implicit forms of Vegter yield criterion for material parameter calibration, convexity certification, and computational simulations are discussed.
Upset bulging as a preforming operation for hot metal gas forming of 22MnB5 tubes
Authors: Alimov A , Haase R , Sviridov A
Published: May 2022

Hot Metal Gas Forming (HMGF) is a coupled process of gas forming and quenching of tubes. This process allows to obtain complex and accurate geometry due to the elimination of springback and high mechanical properties due to the formation of martensite, as a result, the weight of the parts can be reduced. HMGF is widely used in the aerospace and automotive industries to make critical parts from high hardenability steels such as 22MnB5. A typical hot stamped component has 1000 MPa yield stress and 1500 MPa ultimate tensile strength. The main challenge of HMGF process is a significant material thinning and cracking due to the biaxial tension stress state. The paper proposes a preforming method for increasing the forming limits of HMGF by the cold upset bulging of tubes by means of the additional volume of material in the deformation zone. This method allows to obtain one or several waves in the cross section of the tube, which helps to increase the minimum workpiece wall thickness after the forming process by more than 40% and to reduce a probability of the crack formation.
Experiments on forming behaviour of the aluminium alloy AA6016
Authors: Norz R. , Valencia F.R. , Gerke S. , Brünig M. , Volk W.
Published: May 2022

Investigation of the sheet metal formability is an important issue in the design of components. During metal forming different deformation histories occur which may cause various damage and failure mechanisms on the micro-level affecting the quality of products. Therefore, description of the material characteristics by means of a linear limit change curve is not sufficient because the remaining formability and the fracture processes also depend on deformation history. For this purpose the aluminium alloy AA6016 is systematically investigated in order to obtain their forming capability as well as the damage and fracture behaviour after complex deformation paths. Different uniaxial tests with various initially unloaded and preloaded specimens have been performed to identify the effect of the forming history, the loading direction and the stress state on the formability and the mechanical parameters of the investigated material. The results can be used to propose a critical ratio between the pre-strain and the change in loading direction from which on shear failure occurs instead of necking behaviour leading to the loss of formability.
Determination of temperature dependence in Modified-Mohr-Coulomb failure model for process simulation of shear cutting
Authors: Behrens B-A , Brunotte K , Wester H , Kock C , Kildonaviciute D
Published: May 2022

Shear cutting is a proven process for chip-less separation of metals and used as a cost-effective production method. The process design of shear cutting is usually based on time and cost intensive experimental tests. Therefore, numerical depiction of the process offers great potential to reduce these practical tests. An important aspect hereby is the representation of temperature dependency of the material. However, the classical Modified-Mohr-Coulomb (MMC) failure model does not depict this effect directly. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to investigate the temperature dependency of MMC failure model for simulating shear cutting. The required data is obtained from tensile tests on miniaturised specimens under variation of temperature on dual-phase steel DP1000, using an additional optical measurement system. To determine stress triaxiality, Lode angle parameter and plastic strain at failure, the experimental tests are simulated using the Finite-Element simulation program ABAQUS. The MMC failure surfaces are fitted using the least squares method in Matlab. With this approach, temperature dependent MMC failure model was built to be used for shear cutting simulation of DP1000 steel.
An approach to describe edge ductility
Authors: Kesti V , Folmerz M , Vierelä R , Rautio P , Ruoppa R , Plosila P , Kaijalainen A
Published: May 2022

One of the challenges of utilizing advanced high-strength steels is their limited ability to withstand the forming of cut edges. Large production quantities of parts often lead to mechanical punching/shearing processes in blank preparation, providing a challenging starting point for forming processes. The most commonly used edge ductility test is the ISO 16630 hole-expansion test to describe stretch-flangeability properties. However, this method has been widely criticized for its large-scatter, unreliable results and the fact that it covers only a certain stress-strain state of cut edge forming. In addition, it does not provide enough data to be reliably used in forming simulations to predict edge failures. This paper presents an approach to create a more comprehensive way of describing overall edge ductility. Multiple edge forming test methods coupled with digital image correlation (DIC) were selected in order to investigate different edge loading scenarios in both open and closed trim line forming situations. Data regarding limiting local strain before cracking was collected for several steel grades, and results are gathered in 2D and 3D “Edge FLC”-figures. Attempts to utilize these results for simulation purposes are also presented. Results indicate that this approach can be useful to evaluate overall edge forming limits.
Optimum blanking clearance choice method by an approach coupling experimental trials and simulations
Authors: Schreiber P , Rizk J , Rachik M , Maillard A
Published: May 2022

Blanking process of sheet metal is accomplished by a shearing action on a thin plate placed between two sharp cutting edges, known as “punch” and “die”. The main problem of this sheet metal cutting technology, that causes major shutdowns of the press machine, is the punch wear. Among all blanking parameters, the clearance set between the punch and the die has the major influence on tool wear. In this context, our study focuses on identifying the optimum blanking clearance that guarantees a maximum abrasion and chipping wear reduction for different sheet metal materials and different blanking operations. The developed approach combines experimental blanking tests and numerical simulation of blanking processes. Based on assumptions made in this paper, links are established between the stripping force and the abrasive wear behaviour of punching tools and also between the maximum pressure on the face of the punch and the risk of chipping. Using these links, criteria have been developed allowing to propose an optimum blanking clearance for all the configurations tested in this paper. A next step of this study consists on applying the optimum punch-die clearances in a variable way along a complex blanking shape and realizing experimental tests to compare the results (tool life and edge quality) with a constant blanking clearance.