bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The hole is deeper: description of two new species within the Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869) species complex with an integrative taxonomy approach
Authors: HUBER AUGUSTO FREDERICO , ARAUJO PAULA BEATRIZ , RIBEIRO FELIPE BEZERRA
Published: July 2022

In this contribution, we describe two new species of burrowing crayfish species complex Parastacus brasiliensis from forestry areas in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. We used an integrative taxonomy approach with morphology and the mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA gene and also evaluated their conservation status according to the IUCN Red List Criteria. Parastacus guapo sp. nov. was collected near the municipality of Pantano Grande and it differs from all other congeneric species in having an epistome anterolateral section with a large conical projection ending in a big sharp spine on both sides. It also differs from P. brasiliensis sensu stricto in the shape of the rostral surface, sub-orbital angle, postorbital carina straight, sub-orbital angle > 90°, postorbital carinae prominent in anterior and middle portions, carpal spine present, the internal surface of chelipeds palm with sparse tubercules, areola narrow and pleon short. Parastacus gomesae sp. nov. was collected in the municipality of São Jerônimo, it differs from all analysed species for rostral spine absent, epistome anteromedian lobe heptagonal and mandible incisive process with seven teeth (the second tooth from the anterior margin is the largest). It is also distinguished of P. brasiliensis sensu stricto in the sub-orbital angle > 90°, postorbital carinae prominent in anterior and middle portions, 3–4 rows of verrucose tubercles irregularly distributed on the palm dorsal surface of chelipeds, areola narrow and pleon short. Phylogenetic relationships confirmed the distinct position of these new species to the already described species. The extent of occurrence (EOO) / area of occurrence (AOO) of P. guapo sp. nov and P. gomesae sp. nov. were estimated at 937 km² / 1,87 km², and 2.107 km² / 23,9 km² respectively. The main threats identified were continued decline in the quality of habitats, resulting from deforestation and forestry areas. However, as we know only one point of occurrence for each new species, we suggest that both be categorized as Data Deficient.
Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , SINGH NAVNEET , ČERNÝ KAREL , KIRTI JAGBIR SINGH , DATTA HARVINDER SINGH
Published: July 2022

Three new species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] are described: M. idiomorfa sp. n. (India, Nepal, N Myanmar and SW China), M. dankana sp. n. (India and north-western Myanmar) and M. etalina sp. n. (Northeast India). Miltochrista straminea Walker, 1856, stat. rev. is restored to species level. The lectotype for Miltochrista straminea is designated. Adults, male and female genitalia of the new and similar species are illustrated.
Reinstatement of “Hippolyte St. Pauli” Brandt, 1851 as a valid species of Lebbeus White, 1847 (Decapoda: Caridea: Thoridae)
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , LEMAITRE RAFAEL
Published: July 2022

Comparison between materials from various localities in the North Pacific and North Atlantic, including specimens identified with Lebbeus polaris (Sabine, 1824) in previous studies, led the authors to reinstate “Hippolyte St. Pauli” Brandt, 1851 as a valid species of the thorid genus Lebbeus White, 1847 (Decapoda: Caridea), removed from the synonymy of L. polaris. Lebbeus sanctipauli is distinguished from L. polaris by the rostrum with fewer dorsal teeth in female and a better developed ventral blade in male, fewer dorsolateral spiniform setae on the telson (three or four, rarely five versus six to 12), the longer antennular stylocerite in females, stouter pereopods 3–5 with fewer accessory spiniform setae on pereopods 3–5 dactyli (three or four versus five to seven) and the possession of an epipod on the pereopod 3. Although L. polaris has been thought to have a circumpolar distribution, the occurrence of the species in the North Pacific Ocean needs to be verified.
A new species of the genus Achalinus (Squamata: Xenodermidae) from Son La Province, Vietnam
Authors: HA NGHIA VAN , ZIEGLER THOMAS , SY TUONG DINH , LE MINH DUC , NGUYEN TRUONG QUANG , LUU VINH QUANG
Published: July 2022

A new snake of the genus Achalinus Peters, 1869 is described based on an adult male specimen from Son La Province, Vietnam. Achalinus vanhoensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: 1) maxillary teeth 32; 2) suture between the internasals distinctly longer than that between the prefrontals; 3) loreal fused with prefrontal, prefrontals stretch towards the supralabials; 4) dorsal scales in 25–23–23 rows, keeled; 5) supralabials six (left) and seven (right); 6) infralabials six; 7) temporals 2+2, the two anterior temporals in broad contact with eye; 8) ventrals 176; 9) subcaudals 84, entire; 10) cloacal entire; 11) dorsum in preservative dark purple grey above; 12) venter somewhat lighter with yellow-edged scales in the chin region, including infralabials; 13) posterior edges of ventrals and subcaudals with yellow margin. In the molecular analysis, the new species is recovered as a sister taxon of Achalinus timi, a species endemic to Vietnam, and genetically the two species are around 5% divergent from each other based on a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. This discovery brings the number of Achalinus species known from Vietnam to nine.
Evaluating Hydrologic Sensitivity in CMIP6 Models: Anthropogenic Forcing versus ENSO
Authors: Norris Jesse , Hall Alex , Thackeray Chad W. , Chen Di , Madakumbura Gavin D.
Published: July 2022

Large uncertainty exists in hydrologic sensitivity (HS), the global-mean precipitation increase per degree of warming, across global climate model (GCM) ensembles. Meanwhile, the global circulation and hence global precipitation are sensitive to variations of surface temperature under internal variability. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most dominant mode of global temperature variability and hence of precipitation variability. Here we show in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) that the strength of HS under ENSO is predictive of HS in the climate change context (r = 0.56). This correlation increases to 0.62 when only central Pacific ENSO events are considered, suggesting that they are a better proxy for HS under future warming than east Pacific ENSO events. GCMs with greater HS are associated with greater weakening of the Walker circulation and expansion of the Hadley circulation under ENSO. Observations of HS under ENSO suggest that it is significantly underestimated by the GCMs, with the lower bound of observational uncertainty almost double even the highest-HS GCMs. The ENSO-related transformation of the tropical circulation holds clues into how the GCMs may be improved in order to more reliably simulate future hydrological cycle intensification.
Surface Shortwave Radiative Fluxes Derived from the U.S. Air Force Cloud Depiction Forecast System World-Wide Merged Cloud Analysis
Authors: Pinker Rachel T. , Chen Wen , Ma Yingtao , Kumar Sujay , Wegiel Jerry , Kemp Eric
Published: July 2022

We present a global-scale evaluation of surface shortwave (SW↓) radiative fluxes as derived with cloud amount information from the U.S. Air Force (USAF) Cloud Depiction Forecast System (CDFS) II World-Wide Merged Cloud Analysis (WWMCA) and implemented in the framework of the NASA Land Information System (LIS). Evaluation of this product is done against ground observations, a satellite-based product from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and several reanalysis outputs. While the LIS/USAF product tends to overestimate the SW↓ fluxes when compared to ground observations and satellite estimates, its performance is comparable or better than the following reanalysis products: ERA5, CFSR, and MERRA-2. Results are presented using all available observations over the globe and independently for several regional domains of interest. When evaluated against ground observations over the globe, the bias in the LIS/USAF product at daily time scale was about 9.34 W m−2 and the RMS was 29.20 W m−2 while over the United States the bias was about 10.65 W m−2 and the RMS was 35.31 W m−2. The sample sizes used were not uniform over the different regions, and the quality of both ground truth and the outputs of the other products may vary regionally. It is important to note that the LIS/USAF is a near-real-time (NRT) product of interest for potential users and as such fills a need that is not met by most products. Due to latency issues, the level of observational inputs in the NRT product is less than in the reanalysis data.

Significance Statement

We evaluate a current scheme to produce surface radiative fluxes in the NASA Land Information System (LIS) framework as driven with cloud amount information from the U.S. Air Force (USAF) Cloud Depiction Forecast System (CDFS) II World-Wide Merged Cloud Analysis (WWMCA). The LIS/USAF product is provided at near–real time and as such, fills a need that is not met by most products. Information used for evaluation are ground observations, MODIS satellite-based estimates, and independent outputs from several reanalysis. Since the various LIS products are used by the hydrometeorology community, this manuscript should be of interest to the users of the LIS/USAF information on surface radiative fluxes.
Examining Multimodal Community-Engaged Projects for Technical and Professional Communication: Motivation, Design, Technology, and Impact
Authors: Tham Jason , Jiang Jialei
Published: July 2022

This study examines the role of multimodality in facilitating service-learning goals. We report findings from qualitative interviews with 20 college instructors who have designed and facilitated multimodal community-engaged learning projects, identifying their motivations, goals, and the impact of these projects through reflections. Based on our qualitative analysis of these instructor responses, we discuss the technological and pedagogical implications of multimodal social advocacy projects in technical and professional writing courses.
Cultural politics of Netflix in local contexts: A case of the Korean media industries
Authors: Kim Taeyoung
Published: July 2022

This paper analyzes how stakeholders in the Korean media industries understand the penetration of Netflix and other foreign streaming video-on-demand (SVoD) platforms and how they respond to global SVoD players. Based on interviews with cultural workers and bureaucrats, the findings of this paper explore how stakeholders in the media industries interpret Netflix as both an investor who would enable them to produce a variety of content and introduce their products worldwide and as a competitor that has the potential to threaten domestic media production. Considering structural asymmetries caused by disparities in technologies and financial strength between local and global players in the market, as well as the distribution power which streaming moguls have enjoyed for years, the growing presence of Netflix in the domestic market may reduce the position of Korean media production as mere subcontractors of the platform. The paper’s findings shed light on analyzing the relationship between global streaming platforms and local cultural producers.
Multi-Vehicle Interactive Lane-Changing Velocity Change Model Based on Potential Energy Field
Authors: Ma Yanli , Yin Biqing , Chen Ke , Zhang Peng , Chan Ching-yao
Published: July 2022

To quantitatively analyze velocity change in the interaction of multiple vehicles during the lane-changing process, this study defines the concepts of driving constraint region and multi-vehicle interaction region (MVIR) by analyzing the potential energy field. The attraction and repulsion effects of the target vehicle and surrounding vehicles are attributed to the area change in the overlapping parts of their MVIRs. A multi-vehicle interactive lane-changing method considering MVIR is proposed. A velocity change model of multi-vehicle interactive lane-changing is established to reveal the change regularity of velocity under multi-vehicle interactive lane-changing. The model parameters are calibrated using a P3-DT Beidou high-precision positioning direction finding receiver to collect vehicle coordinates and velocity. The error of vehicle velocity variation was less than 11%, which verified the validity of the velocity change model. The research results can guide drivers in completing the lane-changing process safely and quickly, and provide theoretical support for micro-traffic flow simulation, road traffic safety proactive prevention and control, multi-vehicle lane-changing rules, and multi-agent simulation platform construction.
Development and Evaluation of Connected-Vehicle-Enabled Optimal Dynamic Path Planning with Bus Stops
Authors: Yang Hao , Oguchi Kentaro
Published: July 2022

The frequent stops of transit buses significantly block lanes on roads and generate vehicle queues behind. The passenger cars traveling behind buses may be stuck in the queues and miss the green light in the downstream intersection. They will be very tempted to make lane changes to avoid the stopping vehicles efficiently. However, without knowing the information of bus stations and traffic signals, it is very difficult and dangerous for the queued vehicles to make lane changes at last minute. In this paper, an optimal dynamic path planning system will be developed to assist passenger cars avoid buses so as to improve their mobility on local roads. The system utilizes connected vehicles to receive stop information, including times, duration, and locations, of buses, and the signal timing information from intersections. The information is applied to predict the delay of connected vehicles caused by the buses and intersections. The system also estimate optimal paths for the target vehicles to make lane changes and overpass the buses and the downstream intersection to minimize its travel time delay. In this paper, both synthetic and realistic examples are designed with microscopic traffic simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The results indicate that the travel time delay for connected vehicles can be reduced by up to 35%. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of the market penetration rates of connected vehicles and demand levels is conducted to understand the benefits and reliability of the system under different stages of the connected environment.
Solving Hub Location Problems With Profits Using Variable Neighborhood Search
Authors: Zhang Chunxiao , Sun Xiaoqian , Dai Weibin , Wandelt Sebastian
Published: July 2022

This paper proposes variable neighborhood search (VNS) heuristics to solve hub network design problems with profits, which are uncapacitated hub location problems with incomplete hub networks. These problems seek to locate hub facilities, design hub networks, and assign spokes to hubs to maximize total profits. Six problems consisting of multiple allocation, single allocation, and r-allocation strategies, with optional direct connections, are solved. Unlike hub location problems that minimize costs satisfying all service demands, the operators can choose to satisfy a subset of travel demands to maximize profits. Although exact methods and heuristics are both commonly used for solving hub location problems, the problems with profits are mainly solved by the former. Therefore, VNS-based heuristics are proposed to solve six variants of hub location problems. The proposed heuristics have the same shaking procedure to escape local optima, while neighborhood structures in the improvement procedure depend on the allocation strategies. To evaluate the heuristics, this study also designs enhanced Benders decomposition methods which are exact algorithms. Computational experiments on existing benchmark datasets reveal an extraordinary performance of the heuristics. For the instances that can be solved by exact methods, the heuristics solve over 90% to optimality while being one to three orders of magnitude faster than the commercial solver CPLEX and Benders decomposition. Given the outstanding accuracy, with significantly reduced computational cost, the study contributes to the usage of heuristics for hub location problems with profits, especially for larger-scale networks, where exact methods cannot be executed because of limited computational resources.
One Fourth-Grader’s Orchestration of Modes Through Comic Composition
Authors: Reid Stephanie F. , Moses Lindsey
Published: July 2022

Language-oriented literacy standards offer mostly linguistic accounts of text complexity. In response, the present article demonstrates that multimodal and visual narratives offer additional ways to understand and discuss text complexity. This descriptive analysis of one fourth-grader’s comic provides an account of the multimodal patterns and orchestration noted across the pages of the comic. Data sources included the published comic, as well as a multimodal artifact elicitation interview conducted with Sabrina, a fourth-grade student. The authors show how Sabrina constructed a complex multimodal text by drawing not only from her knowledge of image and written language but also from her experiences with spoken language, touch, facial expressions, and gesture. These findings suggest that it would be beneficial for teachers and researchers to continue to create curricular space for multimodal composing opportunities and that stakeholders in language arts and communication education might deepen collaborations to develop instructional frameworks that support students as they compose using modes beyond language across the grade levels.
University Student Attitudes Toward Persons With a History of Adult Sexual Violence and Their Correlates With Policy, Treatment, and Management
Authors: Corăbian Gabriela , Hogan Neil R. , Olver Mark E.
Published: July 2022

Empirical evidence suggests that postsecondary students are disproportionately impacted by sexual violence. Further evidence suggests that most persons convicted of crimes involving sexual violence return to the community, and that social factors, including public policy and community members’ attitudes and perceptions, are key determinants of successful reintegration among these persons. Taken together, these observations suggest that students’ perspectives should be considered in discourse related to reintegration. The current study aimed to assess the attitudes of a university undergraduate sample toward men convicted of adult sexual violence as well as their level of support for various community-based policies to manage this population upon release from custody. Participants ( N = 333) completed a survey battery comprising measures of three dimensions of attitudes toward persons who have sexually offended, perceptions of recidivism and treatment response, and support for various incapacitation/control (IC) and rehabilitative/reintegration (RR)-based policies. Results varied depending on the dimension of attitudes measured, with the affective component appearing to be the most markedly negative. Participants endorsed a mixture of IC and RR policies, with attitudinal measures predicting policy endorsement controlling for relevant demographic variables. The results provide a framework for future research surveying a more representative sample of the Canadian public, while also providing useful information for policymakers relying on community support to reduce sexual offending.
Influence of Socio-Economic Status on Knowledge Management Practice in Small and Medium Level Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Ramya M. , Arockiam K.
Published: July 2022

SMEs have a vital role in modern economies, as they are the primary source of entrepreneurial skills, innovation and employment. SMEs account for over 90% of enterprises worldwide, 50% of GDP and 60% of employment in many countries, implying that small businesses play a vital social and political role in national economic development. Despite their importance to many economies, however, SMEs are frequently locked in a cycle of low productivity and restricted expansion options. This article investigates the impact of socio-economic factors on knowledge management (KM) practice. The researcher has followed a non-experimental descriptive research design with a systematic sampling method. The sample size for this study is—164 employees from 3 companies in the Tiruchirappalli district with a total number of 822 employees. By using a payroll list in the companies, every fifth employee is considered as a sample for this study. This research has concluded that the socio-economic profile of the respondents has a prominent influence on the KM process by the chi-square test and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
What Explains Excess Liquidity of Banks? Empirical Evidence from India
Authors: Ansari Md Gyasuddin , Sensarma Rudra
Published: July 2022

We study excess liquidity in the banking system using data for India during 2005–2020. We apply Autoregressive Distributed Lag model and panel regressions to identify the factors determining excess liquidity at both aggregate and bank levels. We find that required reserves, private sector credit, and government securities held by banks have negative, positive, and negative effects on excess liquidity, respectively. Other factors such as exchange rate and inter-bank call rate have varying effects at the two levels. Our results suggest that banks can chalk out mechanisms to optimize their liquidity management and avoid the cost of excess liquidity.

JEL Classifications: C23, E50, E58, G00, G21
Thru-hiking and Thriving: Exploring College Student Experiences on the Appalachian Trail
Authors: Rohn Kathy Chau , Conway Patrick Filipe
Published: July 2022

Background: Research shows that participation in outdoor adventure education (OAE) programs can confer individual educational, psychological, and social benefits that relate to college student thriving. Purpose: This qualitative study examined the experiences of college students who took a semester's leave to backpack the Appalachian Trail (AT) in order to understand how self-guided and immersive outdoor experiences can facilitate traits related to college student thriving. Methodology/Approach: We employed a longitudinal phenomenological approach and experience sampling to gain a holistic understanding of four college students’ experiences thru-hiking and transitioning back to college. The two primary sources of data included audio diaries and semi-structured pre-, mid-, and post-hike interviews. Findings/Conclusion: We found the self-guided and immersive nature of thru-hiking enabled participants to deal with immediate tasks while engaging in deep self-reflection about life on and off trail. Additionally, participants discovered how to integrate individual and broader group goals while also developing self-efficacy, self-confidence, and resilience when dealing with unforeseen circumstances. Implications: Our study suggests that providing opportunities for intensive and prolonged student-led and student-chosen outdoor experiences can meaningfully contribute to the development of traits related to interpersonal, intrapersonal, and academic components of college student thriving.
A numerical chemo-micromechanical damage model of sulfate attack in cementitious materials
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Wang Chong , Ju J Woody
Published: July 2022

The sulfate attack (SA) of cementitious materials widely exists, which severely reduces the mechanical properties and durability of cementitious materials. However, few numerical SA damage models of cementitious materials have been comprehensively developed. The understanding and simulation of the chemo-mechanical behavior of cementitious materials are beneficial to better modeling, predictions and designs of underground structures. In this research, a numerical chemo-micromechanical damage model under the SA and loading is proposed to explore the cracking process of the cementitious materials based on the discrete element method (DEM). Some inherent characteristics of the chemical attack can be well considered in the proposed numerical model. The local damage effect can be simulated, as well as the sulfate corrosion degree and the material component. The performance of this proposed model is confirmed and validated by available experimental results. We examine the dependence of the strength and the elastic moduli of the cementitious material on: (a) the content of ettringite, (b) the distribution of ettringite, (c) the mechanical properties of the cementitious matrix, (d) the void ratio of the cementitious materials, (e) the confining pressure, and (f) the expansion coefficient of sulfate corrosion products. The softening and fluctuating phenomena are witnessed in the stress-strain curves. The failure mode of cementitious materials with the SA is different from that of specimens without the SA. The damage parameters of cementitious materials under the SA are examined in depth. The numerical results reveal that the proposed damage model is feasible and valuable in the modeling, predictions, applications and durability of chemo-mechanical sulfate attack problems in cementitious materials.
Roundabout Guidance Receptor 1 Is an Emerging Prognostic Biomarker for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Sung-Wei , Yang Ching-Chieh , Lai Hong-Yue , Tsai Hsin-Hwa , Yeh Cheng-Fa , Kuo Yu-Hsuan , Kang Nai-Wen , Chen Tzu-Ju , Chang Shih-Lun
Published: July 2022

Background:

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating from the nasopharynx with high morbidity and mortality in Southeast Asia and south of China. Roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1) can regulate axonogenesis (axon-like protrusion), which may play an important role in migration. However, the roles of ROBO1 in NPC have not been clarified.

Methods:

A comparative analysis employing the NPC transcriptome (GSE12452) and the axonogenesis-related genes (GO: 0050772) was performed. In total, 124 tissue blocks from patients primarily diagnosed as NPC (1993-2002) were examined using immunohistochemical staining. The connections between clinicopathological variables and protein immunoexpression were analyzed by Pearson’s chi-square test. The Kaplan–Meier method with a log-rank test was employed to plot survival curves. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model to identify independent prognostic biomarker.

Results:

According to transcriptome analysis, we found that ROBO1 is significantly highly expressed in NPC tissues compared with normal tissues. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining showed that high expression of ROBO1 was significantly related to primary tumor (T1T2 and T3T4) ( P = .024), nodal metastasis status (N0N1 and N2N3) ( P = .030), stage (I-II and III-IV) ( P = .019), and histological grade (keratinizing, non-keratinizing, and undifferentiated) ( P = .065). Importantly, NPC patients with high ROBO1 expression had poorer disease-specific survival (DSS) ( P = .0001), distal metastasis-free survival (DMeFS) ( P < .0001), and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) ( P = .0001) compared with NPC patients with low ROBO1 expression through the uni-/multivariate and the Kaplan–Meier survival analyses.

Conclusion:

Our report indicates that ROBO1 might be a potential prognostic biomarker for NPC.
Where are they now? Career sustainability and Australian web-series producers
Authors: Ryan Mark David , Healy Guy , Cunningham Stuart
Published: July 2022

Over the last decade, several professionalising amateur Australian content creators making popular web series distributed on multiple open platforms broke into the television industry and have since developed promising professional careers. The limited scholarly research into the career trajectories and sustainability of web series creators has typically been conducted as normative critique of the value of web series labour. In contrast, we look processually and empirically at the career trajectories of 26 creators following their first publicly funded web series between 2011 and 2020. The creators’ pathways are varied, but web series facilitated a pathway to career sustainability for roughly three quarters of the cohort. Web series functioned as (1) a calling card for native online creators, (2) a format facilitating career consolidation or acceleration for television professionals and (3) a format enabling career diversification for filmmakers. Overall, they can be a market-tested talent training ground for television, especially broadcaster-video-on-demand or subscription-video-on-demand services.
Nakedness as Decolonial Praxis
Authors: Mathebula Mpho
Published: July 2022

This article examines naked protests as efforts to advocate for social justice, particularly against patriarchal oppression and state violence. It explores ways in which women use naked body protests as a form of resistance, thereby negating dominant narratives of its impropriety. Naked protests are examined for how they might be mobilised against patriarchy and institutional oppression. This is done through the use of three data sources, namely a radio podcast interview of two women student protestors who staged a naked body protest during the #FeesMustFall violence in 2016; a video recording of a protest staged by working class women against the destruction of their homes in Dobsonville, Soweto on 12 July 1990; and interviews conducted with 14 women who participated in naked body protests. The article employs critical discourse analysis to understand women’s role in advocating for social change and decoloniality. In addition, it delves into different affective registers experienced by women protesters during protests and interviews. Findings suggest that politics of protests are saturated with affective registers that range from anger to rage, fear, sadness, pain, joy and a sense of power. African women’s naked bodies in protest are a link to generational power that creates a rupture, which interrupts violence and coloniality. Moreover, the analysis suggests that naked protest is a powerful form of protest that transforms a woman’s body from social constructions of vulnerability and consumption to a site of militancy, defiance and one that speaks back from a position of solidarity and strength. These protests demonstrate a grounded African feminism, which enables African women to speak from their location and reality.
Discursive construction in multilingual crisis risk communication: An analysis of ‘A letter to foreign nationals’ messages in China’s COVID-19 fight
Authors: Chen Ningyang
Published: July 2022

This article examines the discursive construction of a specific letter-style multilingual crisis message released by local governmental institutions during China’s battle against the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a sociocognitive analysis of a collection of 33 English-language messages, the analysis revealed the structural features of the message and the discursive strategies in constructing and negotiating the identities of the message’s addresser and the addressee. It was found that the discursive relationship between the addresser and the addressee was established on an ingroup-outgroup distinction mediated by neutralising strategies to reduce authoritative imposition and image-enhancing strategies to promote a responsible government. The findings suggest that multilingual crisis communication is a multivocal, complex social practice shaped by genre, textual, media and contextual factors. These findings will provide insights into the crisis discourse as an emerging topic of interest and help inform multilingual communication strategies in and beyond the context of a public health emergency.
Multi-process tooling for discontinuous carbon and hybrid glass fiber thermoplastics
Authors: Vaidya Uday , Robinson Mark , Hiremath Nitilaksha , Yeole Pritesh , Theodore Merlin , Hassen Ahmed , Unser John
Published: July 2022

Expensive tooling often constraints the use of composites in the design and development of automotive parts. While there is significant confidence and knowledge in sheet and bulk metals, composite processes are less understood in mass production environment. The processes used to produce composites and resulting properties are influenced by fiber length attrition, resin to fiber ratio, process waste etc. Tool designs are determined very early in the engineering process. It is cost prohibitive to build additional tools, in the event it becomes obvious a better processing method and material would be beneficial, the original decision is not easily changed. In the present work we recognize the bottleneck of tooling costs and provide an approach of multi-process tooling. The innovation of this work is the design and demonstration of a single tool for different processes namely injection, injection-compression and extrusion-compression. The materials used in this study were long and short fiber thermoplastics (LFTs and SFTs). The resulting structure-property relationships have been reported for the materials and processing methods with a battery tray (BT) tool.
Merging motherhood and medicine: A qualitative study exploring barriers and enablers to motherhood among female doctors in Australia
Authors: Collie Erika , Lew Raelia , Peate Michelle
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

To identify barriers and enablers to motherhood experienced by female doctors in Australia.

Methods:

Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 18 female physician-mothers in Australia, during March and May 2020. Interview data were examined using thematic analysis to extract key themes.

Results:

Six key barriers and seven key enablers were identified. Barriers (B1–6) largely reflected structural and cultural issues operating within health services and the wider medical profession. Barriers were the experience of working in medicine (B1); demands of postgraduate specialty training (B2); attitudes towards mothers in medicine (B3); gender inequality (B4); insufficient entitlements and support (B5); and competing priorities, conflicting roles (B6). Enablers were supportive partnerships (E1); break from traditional gender roles (E2); capacity to delegate/outsource (E3); doctors supporting doctors (E4); flexible work arrangements (E5); increasing acceptance and support (E6); and capacity to combine career and family (E7).

Conclusion:

This was the first qualitative study to explore motherhood experiences among female doctors in Australia. Participants reported structural and cultural barriers during all stages of motherhood. The mismatch between identified barriers and available supports reveals opportunities for improving the experience of physician-mothers.
White (but Not Black) Americans Continue to See Racism as a Zero-Sum Game; White Conservatives (but Not Moderates or Liberals) See Themselves as Losing
Authors: Rasmussen Raea , Levari David E. , Akhtar Muna , Crittle Chelsea S. , Gately Megan , Pagan Jeremy , Brennen Andrea , Cashman Dylan , Wulff Alia N. , Norton Michael I. , Sommers Samuel R. , Urry Heather L.
Published: July 2022

In a 2011 article in this journal entitled “Whites See Racism as a Zero-Sum Game That They Are Now Losing” ( Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 215–218), Norton and Sommers assessed Black and White Americans’ perceptions of anti-Black and anti-White bias across the previous 6 decades—from the 1950s to the 2000s. They presented two key findings: White (but not Black) respondents perceived decreases in anti-Black bias to be associated with increases in anti-White bias, signaling the perception that racism is a zero-sum game; White respondents rated anti-White bias as more pronounced than anti-Black bias in the 2000s, signaling the perception that they were losing the zero-sum game. We collected new data to examine whether the key findings would be evident nearly a decade later and whether political ideology would moderate perceptions. Liberal, moderate, and conservative White (but not Black) Americans alike believed that racism is a zero-sum game. Liberal White Americans saw racism as a zero-sum game they were winning by a lot, moderate White Americans saw it as a game they were winning by only a little, and conservative White Americans saw it as a game they were losing. This work has clear implications for public policy and behavioral science and lays the groundwork for future research that examines to what extent racial differences in perceptions of racism by political ideology are changing over time.
Perceptual scale expansion: A natural design for improving the precision of motor control
Authors: Yan Chenyu , Chen Yilin , Zhang Yu , Kong Linghang , Durgin Frank H , Li Zhi
Published: July 2022

Space perception is systematically biased. Few theories of spatial bias address the possible functional advantages of mechanisms that produce spatial biases. The scale expansion hypothesis proposes that many spatial biases are due to the perceptual expansion of visual angles, which acts somewhat like a natural magnifying glass in vision. The present study examined the idea that visual expansion may improve motor precision (i.e., reduce motor variability) in movements when using closed-loop control but not when using open-loop control. Experiment 1 tested this idea in an online tracking task (closed-loop control), whereas Experiment 2 tested it in a fast-hitting task (open-loop control). The results were consistent with the hypothesis. To rule out the effect of the task difference (i.e., tracking vs fast hitting), Experiment 3 examined the effect of visual expansion on the variability of motor performance in a line-reproduction task. The control type (closed-loop or open-loop) was manipulated by the form of visual feedback (online or offline). The results were again consistent with the present assumption. Taken together, the present data suggest that perceptual expansion in vision improves motor-control precision when using closed-loop control (but not when using open-loop control), which supports the scale expansion hypothesis. In addition, the present findings also improve our understanding of how visual error amplification affects motor control.
Postoperative assessment and management of metallosis and periprosthetic osteolysis in patients treated with metal-on-polyethylene total wrist prostheses
Authors: Martínez Villén Gregorio , Rodríguez Nogué Luis , García González Elena
Published: July 2022

We analysed the relationship between serum metal ions, radiological periprosthetic osteolysis and the clinical features in a series of 25 patients treated with fourth-generation metal-on-polyethylene total wrist prostheses. The mean implant follow-up was 7 years. Our results show that titanium was the main elevated serum metal ion in patients with the prostheses that we used; elevated serum cobalt or chromium values were infrequent. The risk of loosening was higher in an implant older than 6 years, with more than five periprosthetic osteolysis points according to our radiograph zone system, and serum titanium values between 26 to 31 µg/L. The presence of metallosis pseudotumours does not guarantee but increases the risk of implant failure, which may be asymptomatic or associated with little pain.

Level of evidence: IV
A glance into the future of diagnosis and treatment of spondyloarthritis
Authors: Navarro-Compán Victoria , Ermann Joerg , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: July 2022

The last two decades have seen major developments in the field of spondyloarthritis (SpA), but there are still important unmet needs to address. In the future, we envisage important advances in the diagnosis and treatment of SpA. In the diagnosis of SpA, the use of online and social media tools will increase awareness of the disease and facilitate the referral of patients to rheumatology clinics. In addition, more specific diagnostic tests will be available, especially advanced imaging methods and new biomarkers. This will allow most patients to be diagnosed at an early stage of the disease. In the treatment of SpA, an increasing number of novel treatment targets can be expected, most of which will be directed against intracellular enzymes. We hope to see more strategy trials shaping treatment pathways in SpA and accommodating principals of precision medicine. Approved treatment options will be available for both axial and peripheral SpA. We also hope to intervene not only at the inflammation level but also at the level of underlying immunological processes that might be associated with a higher probability of long-standing remission if not a cure. Finally, artificial intelligence techniques will allow for the analysis of large-scale data to answer relevant research questions for the diagnosis and management of patients with SpA.
The association of depression and anxiety with treatment outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis – a pooled analysis of five randomised controlled trials
Authors: Manning-Bennett Arkady T. , Hopkins Ashley M. , Sorich Michael J. , Proudman Susanna M. , Foster David J.R. , Abuhelwa Ahmad Y. , Wiese Michael D.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune condition associated with an increased risk of developing depression and anxiety. Depression and anxiety are associated with worse outcomes in RA, but the magnitude of the effect of each condition on RA outcomes is unclear. It is also unknown how pharmacological treatment of depression affects RA outcomes.

Objective:

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association of comorbid depression and anxiety with remission in patients with RA. Secondary aims were to determine the association between comorbid depression and anxiety on patient-reported outcomes and the relationship between concomitant use of antidepressants and remission in patients with depression.

Design:

Data from patients with moderate to severe RA were pooled from five randomised controlled trials investigating tocilizumab and conventional synthetic disease-modifying agents.

Methods:

Remission was defined as a clinical disease activity index (CDAI) of ⩽2.8 and simple disease activity index (SDAI) of ⩽3.3. The association between the time to reach remission and depression and anxiety was analysed using Cox proportional hazard analysis.

Results:

Individual patient data were available from 5502 subjects, of whom 511 had depression, 236 had anxiety and 387 were using antidepressants. Depression was significantly associated with reduced remission [adjusted HR (95% CI): 0.62 (0.48–0.80), p < 0.001 and adjusted HR (95% CI): 0.59 (0.44–0.79), p < 0.001] using CDAI and SDAI, respectively. Depression was associated with a lower likelihood of achieving more subjective outcomes (⩽1 physician global assessment, ⩽1 patient global assessment) and ⩽1 28-swollen joint count, but not ⩽1 28-tender joint count or C-reactive protein measurement. Treatment with antidepressants did not improve outcomes for patients with depression. Anxiety was not significantly associated with RA remission.

Conclusion:

Comorbid depression, but not anxiety, was associated with less frequent remission. Concomitant antidepressant use was not associated with improvements in RA outcomes in patients with depression.
The indirect effect of leader humility on employee creativity through a growth mindset for creativity
Authors: Yang Wa , Xu Shiyong
Published: July 2022

Drawing on social learning theory, the authors hypothesized that leader humility would have an indirect effect on employee creativity through employees’ belief in the malleability of creativity (a growth creative mindset). They further hypothesized that this indirect effect would be particularly pronounced in research-and-development-related work teams. They tested these hypotheses in a survey study of 476 Chinese employees. The results support both hypotheses: employees’ perception of team leaders’ humility was positively related to employees’ growth creative mindset, which in turn was positively associated with employee creativity. In addition, this indirect effect was stronger in research-and-development-related teams than in other teams. This study provides a new explanation of the link between leader humility and employee creativity through a growth creative mindset. The practical implications are discussed.
Gendering Coalitional Presidentialism in Brazil
Authors: Gatto Malu A. C. , dos Santos Pedro A. G. , Wylie Kristin N.
Published: July 2022

Coalitional presidentialism is a power-sharing strategy deployed in multiparty presidentialist democracies that entails the distribution of cabinet positions to coalition partners to facilitate governability. This model of governance is increasingly common worldwide, gaining growing scholarly interest. The consequences of coalitional presidentialism for women’s cabinet representation, however, have received scant attention. In this article, we provide a gendered analysis of the Brazilian experience with coalitional presidentialism. Through the quantitative analysis of an original dataset of all ministerial appointments ( N = 597) under eight Brazilian presidents (1985–2019) and a descriptive assessment of the coalitional dynamics during that period, we evaluate the Brazilian experience with coalitional presidentialism through the lens of Feminist Institutionalism. We show that coalitional presidentialism restricts women's access to cabinet seats, with the demands of multiparty coalition formation and management often overriding presidential considerations about descriptive representation, and coalition parties rarely advancing women to fill portfolios allocated to them by the president.
Basic Traditional Chinese Medicinal Compound for Adjuvant Treatment of Helicobacter pylori-Related Gastritis: Implication for Anti-H. pylori-Related Gastritis Drug Discovery
Authors: Li Yuli , Li Xiaoya , Tan Zhoujin
Published: July 2022

This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the adjuvant treatment of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis (HPAG) and exploring the molecular mechanism underlying the action of the basic TCM compounds against HPAG. Eight representative Chinese and British databases were combed for pertinent literature. In light of the basic principle of evidence-based medicine, this work rigorously stuck to the inclusion and exclusion of criteria so as to plump for qualified articles. Also, the data mining method was adopted to help determine the basic TCM compound for HPAG treatment. Furthermore, a network pharmacology-based strategy was used to uncover the underlying mechanisms of the basic TCM compound against HPAG. Ultimately, molecular docking was used for preliminary verification. TCM combined with triple or quadruple therapy against HPAG possessed more advantages in improving the total effective rate and H. pylori eradication rate than triple or quadruple therapy alone. The basic TCM plant materials against HPAG consisted of Citrus reticulata Blanco, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit, Coptis chinensis Franch, and Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. Quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, baicalein, nobiletin, and hederagenin were determined as the key active ingredients of the basic TCM preparation against HPAG. Moreover, these ingredients played a therapeutic role by acting on AKT1, TP53, interleukin (IL)-6, VEGFA, CASP3, MAPK3, JUN, TNF, and MAPK8 via Pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. The results of molecular docking indicated that the key ingredients could bind stably with the core targets. The efficacy of the TCM in the adjuvant treatment of HPAG is worthy of affirmation. Compatible use of the key ingredients of the basic TCM compound is a novel idea of drug research with profound clinical significance and research value in the development of anti- H. pylori drugs.