bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Sandcastle Stability Model Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Ma Cheng
Published: March 2021

The strength of a sandcastle is closely related to its shape and material.We developed a sand castle model of optimal sand-to water mixture proportion.The collected data were used to fit the regression linear equation and the statistical regression model was used to analyze the optimal water-sand ratio.Based on the sensitivity analysis, the consistency between the model and the reality is verified, and the robustness of the model is also verified.After the general shape of the sand castle is determined, the sand castle shape is optimized and adjusted taking the influence of rainfall into consideration.Based on the relationship between soil slope and infiltration rate and erosion rate,we divided the rainwater erosion sand castle into two stages: infiltration effect of different slopes on water-sand ratio and slope effect on erosion rate after water content saturation.After obtaining the optimal slope angles of two stages, the optimal precise 3d geometry was evaluated by AHP with the stability parameters and two slope angles.
Design, Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Mobile Robot Based on Eccentric Paddle Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Longteng , Sun Yi
Published: March 2021

In order to improve climbing performance of the robot in complex environments, the wheeled-legged mechanism is gradually being widely used. In this paper, we use computer-aided modeling technology to design a 2-DOF ePaddle-based robot of high step-climbing capacity. Climbing strategies of the robot under the circle-wheeled (CW) mode and active-paddle-legged (APL) mode are carried out. We discuss determinants for success in climbing by establishing the climbing posture models. Simulation results processed with MATLAB tools reveal that paddle’s motion can significantly improve the climbing performance to avoid slipping. The experimental results verify the robot is capable of climbing over 300mm obstacle APL modes, which is 2.14 times the wheel radius.
Research on Parametric Modeling and Digital Reproduction of Ancient Buildings on the Southern Silk Road
Authors: Jie Xiang , Ping Luo
Published: March 2021

This paper takes the parametric modeling technology of ancient buildings on the Southern Silk Road as the research object, and conducts a more in-depth analysis of the types, forms, advantages, and shortcomings of parametric modeling in ancient building modeling with a wealth of cases to demonstrate profound theories in simple language. The parametric modeling of the dwellings of Bai ethnic group in Dali was used as a case for verification. This paper is a more in-depth research paper on the digital modeling of ancient buildings, which has positive reference significance for this kind of research and production.
Inertial navigation aid indoor navigation based on the establishment of accurate magnetic reference map
Authors: Shi Shaoshan , Gao Tongyue , Gao Dongying , Ding Zhao , Zhang Zhongchao
Published: March 2021

At present, there are various indoor positioning technologies, most of which need to establish a base station to achieve positioning. The cost of establishing a base station is high, and sometimes it is greatly disturbed by the influence of buildings. The indoor positioning accuracy without base station is not high, and the matching time is also long.In order to solve these problems, the experimental group first adopted magnetism as the primary measurement tool for indoor navigation and positioning. In addition, by using the Kriging method, the high precision magnetic reference map is established in the server to improve the positioning accuracy, and the inertial navigation technology is used to shorten the matching time. This paper mainly discusses the establishment of the Kriging method in the magnetic reference map and the localization matching algorithm of the inertial navigation auxiliary magnetic navigation. The experimental group verified and simulated the feasibility of this method, which can greatly improve the positioning accuracy and matching efficiency.
Research on Computer Network Technology System Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Yao Jinling , Liu Jie
Published: March 2021

This article introduces computer network intrusion detection systems and their classification based on artificial intelligence technology, and points out the challenges that intrusion detection systems (IDS) are facing in wireless sensor computer networks. On this basis, a hierarchical multi-layer wireless sensor network intrusion detection system and technology based on artificial intelligence technology Agent is proposed, and its network structure, working principle and performance are analysed.
Solution to Model Consistency in Equipment Support Simulation
Authors: Liu Bin , Wang Shaoshuai , Gao Lu , Wu Weiyi , Yan Peng
Published: March 2021

In order to solve the problem of multi view inconsistency in equipment support simulation, a semantic oriented MCM method based on ontology model is proposed. Firstly, the rules of extracting the basic elements of the model are given. Secondly, the algorithm description of ontology mapping is given. Finally, each meta concept in the domain is described by some model description method to form the corresponding description model.
Research on Game Strategy of Crossing Desert
Authors: Ju Tuo , Cao Jiayi , Leng Shuai , Xie Yuxin , Zhuang Junjie
Published: March 2021

This paper analyzes the players in the game of "crossing the desert", and puts forward the optimal customs clearance strategy to help the game players reach the destination within the specified time under the condition that the remaining funds are retained as much as possible. Firstly, the redundant paths are eliminated and the complete subgraph of the game map is drawn to improve the speed of computer optimization. Then, the multiple rules in the game are transformed into the constraints in the planning model, such as load constraint, remaining fund constraint, resource margin constraint and so on. By solving the model based on adjacency matrix and mixed integer programming, the rationality of the optimization strategy is verified by an example. The waiting model is used to decompose the number of players and consider different space and time to maximize the revenue of a mine as much as possible, while reducing the basic consumption of latecomers in a certain area and the consumption of resources purchased in the same village.
A 3D reconstruction method based on RGB-D camera
Authors: Zhu Fan , Li Shaobin , Guo Xiaohan
Published: March 2021

3D surface reconstruction with realistic feeling is a hot research field in computer graphics. In order to reconstruct 3D models with high precision, a 3D reconstruction method is proposed in this paper.Based on the BundleFusion reconstruction algorithm, this method uses color images and depth images of indoor scenes obtained by Intel’s realsenseD435i depth camera for rapid 3D reconstruction.An improved ORB feature detection algorithm is used for image feature extraction, and the efficiency of several classical feature detection algorithms in image matching is compared.Experiments show that this method can effectively generate 3d models with higher precision and better sense of reality.
Research on the Secondary Development of Mechanical Engineering English Textbooks based on the Concept of CIPE
Authors: Ou Peiyi
Published: March 2021

The focus of research on CIPE has been shifted from the macro level to the micro level. This paper focuses on the research on the specific paths and methods of integrating CIPE into the whole process of classroom teaching. Special attention will be given to the five aspects of secondary textbook development, that is, revision of curriculum standards, generation of CIPE connotation, optimization of textbook structure, cohesion of teaching mode innovation and classroom teaching effectiveness.
Chinese Implicit Sentiment Analysis based on Hybrid Neural Networks
Authors: Qi Yanfang , Wang Chao , Zhu Guoan
Published: March 2021

Implicit sentiment analysis is an important part of sentiment computing, especially sentiment analysis based on deep learning has become a research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, convolutional neural networks are used to extract text features, combined with long-term and short-term memory network (LSTM) structure to extract context information, and add attention mechanism to the network to construct a new hybrid neural network model to achieve implicit emotion for text analysis. The hybrid neural network model extracts more meaningful sentence semantic and structural hidden features from the word-level and sentence-level hierarchies, respectively, and pays attention to the features with a large emotional contribution rate through the attention mechanism. The classification accuracy rate of the model on the public implicit sentiment dataset has reached 77%. The research of implicit sentiment analysis can improve the effect of text sentiment analysis more comprehensively, and further promote the application of text sentiment analysis in the fields of knowledge embedding, text representation learning, user modeling and natural language.
Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Simulation Study on Thread Rolling Pure Aluminum
Authors: Hu Zhiqing , Zhang Yuheng , Guo Liming
Published: March 2021

In order to study the effects of grain orientation on thread rolling deformation, the mechanical performance was analyzed from a microscopic perspective. The Voronoi method was employed to establish a polycrystalline model and a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT) was adopted. Meanwhile the crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) was used to simulate the deformation behavior of the grain on thread rolling process. The simulation results show that the deformation degree of the grain is different due to the different initial grain orientation and the representative element strain curve is more accurate after homogenization. It is also indicated that the initially activated slip systems cause the movement of the other slip systems. By analyzing the rotation of the grain orientation and the evolution of the texture through the pole figure, it can be seen the CPFEM results show high consistency with the test results of the electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD).
Identification of chitosan beads from coconut crab patani variety using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
Authors: Zam Z Z , Muin F , Fataruba A
Published: March 2021

This study aims to synthesize and characterize chitosan beads using the Fourier Tranform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The test was carried out by making chitosan beads by mixing chitosan and 0.1 M acetic acid and dropping it into 0.1 M NaOH solution to form gel beads. Based on the results of the study obtained the value of the degree of deacetylation of chitosan by 76.85% and chitosan beads by 89.32%. While the characterization of chitosan beads based on FTIR spectrophotometer showed a difference in the peak absorption of NH3 at wave number 1450.47 cm−1 with a slightly wider band on the chitosan beads while the sharp NH2 absorption band appeared in the region of 1435.04 cm−1 in chitosan. And there is an absorption peak in the region of 570.93 cm−1 which is the KBR absorption peak used as pellets in chitosan samples.
Numerical analysis of ice freezing processes of block ice production in a brine tank factory using the finite volume method
Authors: Fatahillah A , Setiawan T B , Sholihin A
Published: March 2021

Brine Tank is a tank that serves to freeze ice blocks. Brine Tank contained salt water to condense water. Numerical analysis and simulation were carried out after a mathematical model of the ice freezing process in the Brine Tank space was formed. The simulations used in this study were Matlab and Fluent. The matlab graphic result of ice freezing process in brine tank factory ice box with an initial temperature 301 K faster than initial temperatures of 302 K and 303 K. Results graph using freezing MATLAB with a pool temperature 266 K faster than an temperature of 267 K and 268 K. Based on the MATLAB calculation results using the Gauss Seidel iteration method and the exact calculation, it show that the results of the difference between the numerical temperature value of each node and the exact temperature value of each node is less than 0.001
Developing online interactive learning media by using easyclass with geogebra to help students representation mathematic on linear programming
Authors: Hussen S , Setiawani S , Fatahillah A , Monalisa L A , Albirri E R , Mutrofin S
Published: March 2021

The power of mathematical representation by applying concepts needs to be improved so that students can remember mathematical concepts sustainably. The purpose of this study to development and describe the process of interactive online media learning using a geogebra aid easyclass to help students represent mathematically on linear program materials. Research model is research dan development 4-D Thiagarajan. Twenty-four sophomores of science 4 man 2 jember. Media is tested based on three criteria that are valid, practical and effective. Validity of learning media when reaching high categories with correlation coefficient values (α) > 0,6. The practicality of learning media when achieving good categories with a percentage > 60%. The effectiveness of learning media when the average score of a student’s study results tests meets completedness, 80% of all students get a score greater or equal to the Minimum Completed Criteria = 75. Studies show 0.917 correlation value and therefore valid to a very high category. Practical analysis based on student responses indicates a percentage of 99 percent so it is stated practical by excellent criteria. The effectiveness is analyzed based on a student’s mathematical representation on a matter and quiz exercise when after using the learning media. Based on data analysis, interactive online learning media use a geogebra aid linier program material meets valiant criteria, practicality and effectiveness so that media can help students reflect mathematically on the linear program material and can be used for learning activities.
Application of STMCpE-Based chemistry books with chemo-entrepreneurship orientation in the learning of acid-base solutions to improve students’ creative thinking skills
Authors: Sutarto  , Nuriman  , Budiarso A S , Hasanah N
Published: March 2021

Creative thinking is one of the high-level thinking skill as a form of finding the best solution to solve a problem that emphasizes aspects of fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using STMCpE based Chemo-entrepreneurship textbooks on students’ creative thinking skill on Acid – Base Material. This is a quasi-experimental research with nonequivalent control group design. Data obtained from the results of creative thinking tests conducted in the experimental class and the control class before and after learning. Pretests are used as student’s premier knowledge data and the data after learning are used as data for different tests using ANCOVA. The results showed that the creative thinking skill of students who studied with STMCpE Based Chemo-entrepreneurship Textbook higher than students who studied with conventional learning with a significance value of 0.000<0.050. A large percentage of the effect of the application of STMCpE Based Chemo-entrepreneurship Textbook 87.7%. This shows that the creative thinking skill of students who learn with STMCpE Based Chemo-entrepreneurship Textbook is better than classes that use school textbooks.
Students’ creative thinking skills in solving mathematics higher order thinking skills (HOTS) problems based on online trading arithmetic
Authors: Muttaqin H , Susanto  , Hobri  , Tohir M
Published: March 2021

Online trading arithmetic is a new learning that is used to improve students’ creative thinking skills in solving mathematics higher order thinking skills problems. Besides, it can also improve students’ entrepreneurship skills. The learning process online trading arithmetic uses several market place applications such as Shopee, Bukalapak, and Tokopedia in which many online sellers offering the same item at different price. In addition, there are many possibilities to change the price of an item so students are interested in getting the best price for maximum profit. This research aimed to determine the differences of students’ level of creative thinking in solving mathematics Higher Arithmetic Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) problems after the learning of online trading arithmetic. This research employed a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The research subjects were junior high school students consisting of 20 students which was divided into two groups; the control and experimental groups. The control group received regular arithmetic learning (control class) while the experimental group received online trading arithmetic (experimental class). The results of this research indicated that: (1) the level of students’ creative thinking skills in solving mathematics HOTS questions in the experimental group showed the majority of students are in the creative category, while in the control group was less creative; (2) the metacognitive level of the majority of students at MTs Miftahul Huda Muncar Banyuwangi was at level 3 (aware use) for the experimental group while it was at level 2 (aware use) for the control group; (2) the result of statistical analysis showed the significance value of Sig. (2-tailed) was 0.00 < 0.05; it can be concluded that the implementation of online trading arithmetic learning had a significant effect on students’ creative thinking skills; moreover, (3) there was an effect of the students’ metacognition level on their creative thinking abilities, which indicated that the higher the students’ metacognition level, the higher their creative thinking level.
The analysis of olympiad student’s metacognition skills in solving the national sciences olympiad problem on two-variables linear equation system material
Authors: Anwarudin M , Dafik  , Ridlo Z R
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to describing the metacognition skills of mathematical olympiad students’ in solving the national sciences olympiad problem on two-variables linear equation system material. The participants were four mathematical olympiad students at Banyuglugur–Situbondo. This research used qualitative descriptive research. Test and interview were used as data collection methods. The research findings show that all of the students had strengths and weaknesses in solving the problem. Three students among of them were able to write down and explain what was known and asked by the problem given. All of the students have re-evaluated all of the results before stating that the completion has been completed. The first student was showed not only the metacognition skills but also the creative-innovative thinking skills. The student has found the other method/technique to solve the problem by utilizing the other source. An interesting finding of this research was that one of the students presents a different technique than usual. This student cannot explain in detail and clearly, the techniques used, but he presents the appropriate result. The student has used “trying to guess” the possible answers and used them in the mathematical equation system formed.
Graphic representation ability in learning chemistry through multipresentation-based chemistry modules
Authors: Ulva Y I , Mahardika I K , Nuriman
Published: March 2021

Knowledge of appropriate science learning techniques can be found through analysis of multi representation abilities which include verbal, image, mathematical and graphic representation. Chemistry as part of science contains concept that can be presented through various representations (multi representation), one of them is a graphical representation. The ability of students to read and interpret graphics will provide additional knowledge for students in learning chemistry. This study aimed to explain students’ ability to read and interpret graphs in chemistry learning on the reaction rate subject. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. The data used in this study came from various sources such as journals, books, proceedings, internet and observations. The result showed that using chemistry module based multi representation in learning chemistry could improve the understanding of chemical concepts and students’ ability to read and interpret graphs.
The analysis of the development of the 5E-STEAM learning model to improve critical thinking skills in natural science lesson
Authors: Anggraeni R E , Suratno
Published: March 2021

This article aims to develop 5E-STEAM learning model that is used to increase the critical thinking skill in science learning. Critical thinking is the ability to think logically, to apply these rational thoughts in order to evaluate problems, and to make good judgments and decisions. 5E-STEAM is a learning model that combines the 5E Learning cycle with the STEAM approach. This research used 4D development model that consist of four stage i.e define, design, develop and dissemination. Results of the need assessment given to 10 teachers showed that only 10% of teachers applied STEAM in the class, while others use PBL, Discovery learning, and inquiry learning. As many as 70% of teachers do not know about 5E Learning Cycle, and as many as 30% only know but they have not implemented yet in learning. In addition, as many as 70% of teachers know only the acronyms of STEAM, but do not understand how to apply STEAM in learning. Moreover, the other 30% don’t know about the STEAM approach. The 5E-STEAM syntaxs are Engagement; stages provide real world problem. The second is Exploration; the stages of problem solving. The third is Explanation; students explain ideas or concepts about solutions to problems. The fourth is Elaboration; stresses collaborative teamwork. The fifth is Evaluation; teacher provides feedback and tests student’s knowledge.
Analysis of problem solving skills in work and energy material using the RASCH model
Authors: Wati M , Mahtari S , Azmi A N , Salam A , Mastuang M
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze students’ problem solving skills in work and energy material using the RACH model. The method in this study was a descriptive method using survey techniques. The instrument used is a problem solving test. Tests were given to 253 students from eighth grade in junior high schools in Banjarmasin randomly selected. The RASCH model was used as a processing stage of data from raw data into logit numbers that provided information related to infit, outfit and unidimensionality using a winstep program to achieve this goal. This study investigated the quality of person measure, person reliability, and variable map. The results of the analysis are based on the RASCH model with the Mean Square Statistics (MNSQ) value is 0.95, Z Standard (ZSTD) is 0.0, pearson reliability is 0.77, and cronbach alpha (KR-20) person raw score test reliability is 0.86. Lower logits manifests students with lower ability. This proved that the students’ problem solving skills was absolutely poor. Students’ problem solving skills need to be improved through classroom learning in future research.
Student’s learning outcomes through the application of guided inquiry learning model based on scientific approach in fundamental chemical laws
Authors: Said I , Hamzah B , Kade A , Ratman R , Ningsih P
Published: March 2021

The discovery learning model is a learning model which can be implemented in the Curriculum 2013 in Indonesia. However, the student’s learning outcomes of chemistry subject at SMAN 7 Palu using this learning model are not satisfactory because the students’ scores have not passed the passing grade. Therefore, it is needed other learning model that has the characteristics of the scientific approach to be implemented. The purpose of this study is to see whether the application of the guided inquiry learning model based on the scientific approach in Fundamental Chemical Law topic can provide better learning outcomes for students in class X of SMA Negeri 7 Palu compared to the discovery learning model. The research method was a quasi-experimental study by conducting the experimental group and control groups. The results obtained by this study, to be precise the learning achievement data reached 92,1% to 96,05% in the experimental class 1 and 91.35% - 94.75% in the experimental class 2. While student’s learning outcomes obtained an average of 56,48 and 46,25 with a standard deviation of 11,07 and 11,98. These values prove that the guided inquiry learning model to provide better learning outcomes compared to discovery learning. Furthermore, based on the two samples t-test results obtained, it was found that - ttable + ttable(-1.68 <2.99> +1.68) with a significant level (α = 0.05) and degrees of freedom 41. Consequently, it can be inferred that the implementation of the guided inquiry learning model based on the scientific approach in the Fundamental Chemistry Law topic can provide better learning outcomes for class X students of SMA Negeri 7 Palu.
Investigation on a novel SiC Schottky barrier diode hydrogen sensor with trench-insulator structure
Authors: Qi Yonglan , Lai Kaiyuan , Lv Haojie , Qi Bao , Zhao Yuheng
Published: March 2021

A novel SiC Schottky barrier diode (SBD) hydrogen gas sensor with trench-insulator structure was proposed in this paper. A physical model is built for this hydrogen sensor based on 4H-SiC SBD thermionic emission theory, tunneling effect of carriers, adsorption/desorption principle of hydrogen and modulation effects of Schottky barrier height. Use Silvaco TCAD, the semiconductor simulation software, to analyze SBDs with trench-insulator layer and to compute current-voltage characteristics at different temperature, hydrogen concentration and trench width under forward bias. The temperature and hydrogen concentration affect the I–V characteristics of the devices by changing the Schottky barrier height. Compared with normal metal-silicon carbide and metal-insulator-silicon carbide devices at 573 K in terms of on-off voltage, current resolution, response speed, and stability, the trench-insulator hydrogen sensor showed good performance. Relationship between device characteristics and trench width was researched using the above model. Trench width has an opposite effect on sensor resolution and sensitivity.
Comparison between fluctuation of floating potential gradient and velocity of blob structure on HL-2A tokamak
Authors: WANG Chenyu , NIE Lin , TANG Guixin , XU Min , KE Rui , CHEN Yihang , WANG Huajie , WANG Zhanhui , HU Shilin , WU Ting , LONG Ting , ZHU Yuxuan , LIU Hao , GONG Shaobo , YUAN Jinbang , YAN Longwen
Published: March 2021

Several results based on the Langmuir probes’ data on the HL-2A tokamak are presented. The blob structures’ radial and poloidal drift velocities, estimated by the gradient of floating potential and by time delay evaluation, are compared in different line-averaged density and electron cyclotron resonance heating conditions. A positive correlation is observed in the comparison between blobs’ radial velocity estimated by the two methods mentioned above, regardless of the situation differences mentioned above. Correlation is also observed in the comparison between the blobs’ poloidal velocity estimated by the two methods in different situations, while a shift due to the different line-averaged density is observed. These results imply that the radial gradient of floating potential may have some value as a reference during data analysis in low-parameter discharge.
Static dielectric permittivity of ionic liquids ultraconfined in carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ben Cheick Mansour Nadia , Ouiten Mohammed-Lamine , Soldera Armand , Szymczyk Anthony , Ghoufi Aziz
Published: March 2021

In this work the parallel component of the static dielectric permittivity,

ϵ

II

of ionic liquids ultraconfined into flexible carbon nanotubes of radius of 1.2 nm and 2.4 nm is evaluated from molecular dynamics simulations. We show an enhancement of

ϵ

II

with respect to bulk value and a counter-intuitive temperature dependence. Indeed an increase of

ϵ

II

as a function of the temperature opposed to a bulk behavior is evidenced. Increase in

ϵ

II

is the result of the strong orientation of ionic liquid close to the pore wall. The temperature dependence is the consequence of the thermal fluctuations increasing the dipolar fluctuations such that the strong orientation is conserved. Eventually, we show a molecular stacking between [C4mim+][Tf2N−] and CNT decreasing dipolar fluctuations close to the CNT surface reducing

ϵ

II

.
Enhanced solar photocatalysis of TiO2 nanoparticles and nanostructured thin films grown on paper
Authors: Freire T , Fragoso A R , Matias M , Pinto J V , Marques A C , Pimentel A , Barquinha P , Huertas R , Fortunato E , Martins R , Nunes D
Published: March 2021

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and nanostructured thin films were simultaneously synthesized using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The synthesis formed very fine particles, appearing as nanospheres in the 11 nm size range. As for the nanostructured films, they have displayed similar structural characteristics to the nanoparticles, with thickness of 130 nm. These films covered uniformly and homogenously the Whatman paper, while maintaining its flexibility. The materials processed had their photocatalytic activity assessed from rhodamine B degradation under solar radiation (91% degradation after 40 min for the powder material and 68% after 6 h for the nanostructured thin films). Reusability experiments were also carried out, revealing superior performance concerning the Degussa P25, the most common photocatalyst used. The results of the present work can be thought as an option for the existing photocatalysts activated under solar light, namely for water purification, as it simultaneously produces enhanced photocatalytic powders and photocatalytic papers fully disposable and that can be easily recycled.
Beta-Conversion and the Being Constraint
Authors: Rayo Agustín
Published: March 2021

Modal contingentists face a dilemma: there are two attractive principles of which they can only accept one. In this paper I show that the most natural way of resolving the dilemma leads to expressive limitations. I then develop an alternative resolution. In addition to overcoming the expressive limitations, the alternative picture allows for an attractive account of arithmetic and for a style of semantic theorizing that can be helpful to contingentists.
Which Resources Are Better: Sales or Scholarly? An Assessment on the Readability, Quality, and Technical Features of Online Chemical Peel Websites
Authors: Varghese Jeffrey Alex , Patel Anooj A , Joshi Chitang , Alleyne Brendan , Galiano Robert D
Published: March 2021

Background

Chemical peels are an exceedingly popular cosmetic treatment with a wide variety of suppliers, each with its own online health resource describing the procedure. With increasing reliance on the internet for medical information, it is crucial that these resources provide reliable information for patients to make informed decisions.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine popular chemical peel resources and determine if those that offered chemical peel treatments (Sales) had lower readability, quality of information, and technical features compared with those that did not (Scholarly).

Methods

The term “chemical peel” was searched in July 2020 and the top 50 websites were retrieved for analysis. Each resource’s readability, quality, and technical features were measured through 8 readability formulas, the DISCERN and Health on the Net Code (HONcode), and 2 website performance monitors.

Results

The 50 websites were analyzed with an average Fry readability score of 13th grade. Scholarly websites displayed higher readability than Sales (Flesch Reading Ease 54.4 > 47.4, P = 0.047 and Coleman-Liau Index 10.6 < 11.7, P = 0.04). Scholarly resources surpassed Sales both in quality (DISCERN 56.4 > 39.7, P < 0.001 and HONcode 11.8 > 9.5, P = 0.032) and technical features (WooRank 76.9 > 68.6, P = 0.0082).

Conclusions

The average readability of chemical peel resources is too difficult, and their quality must be improved. Scholarly resources exhibited higher readability, quality, and technical features than Sales websites.
Characterization of a cryptic, pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent dehydrogenase of Gluconobacter sp. strain CHM43
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Minh , Naoki Kotone , Kataoka Naoya , Matsutani Minenosuke , Ano Yoshitaka , Adachi Osao , Matsushita Kazunobu , Yakushi Toshiharu
Published: March 2021

We characterized the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent dehydrogenase 9 (PQQ-DH9) of Gluconobacter sp. strain CHM43, which is a homolog of PQQ-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase (GLDH). We used a plasmid construct to express PQQ-DH9. The expression host was a derivative strain of CHM43, which lacked the genes for GLDH and the membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase and consequently had minimal ability to oxidize primary and secondary alcohols. The membranes of the transformant exhibited considerable d-arabitol dehydrogenase activity, whereas the reference strain did not, even if it had PQQ-DH9-encoding genes in the chromosome and harbored the empty vector. This suggests that PQQ-DH9 is not expressed in the genome. The activities of the membranes containing PQQ-DH9 and GLDH suggested that similar to GLDH, PQQ-DH9 oxidized a wide variety of secondary alcohols but had higher Michaelis constants than GLDH with regard to linear substrates such as glycerol. Cyclic substrates such as cis-1,2-cyclohexanediol were readily oxidized by PQQ-DH9.
Novel approach for parallelizing pairwise comparison problems as applied to detecting segments identical by decent in whole-genome data
Authors: Sapin Emmanuel , Keller Matthew C
Published: March 2021

Motivation

Pairwise comparison problems arise in many areas of science. In genomics, datasets are already large and getting larger, and so operations that require pairwise comparisons—either on pairs of SNPs or pairs of individuals—are extremely computationally challenging. We propose a generic algorithm for addressing pairwise comparison problems that breaks a large problem (of order n2 comparisons) into multiple smaller ones (each of order n comparisons), allowing for massive parallelization.

Results

We demonstrated that this approach is very efficient for calling identical by descent (IBD) segments between all pairs of individuals in the UK Biobank dataset, with a 250-fold savings in time and 750-fold savings in memory over the standard approach to detecting such segments across the full dataset. This efficiency should extend to other methods of IBD calling and, more generally, to other pairwise comparison tasks in genomics or other areas of science.

Availability and Implementation

A GitHub page is available at https://github.com/emmanuelsapin with the code to generate data needed for the implementation
Knowledge enhanced LSTM for coreference resolution on biomedical texts
Authors: Li Yufei , Ma Xiaoyong , Zhou Xiangyu , Cheng Pengzhen , He Kai , Li Chen
Published: March 2021

Motivation

Bio-entity Coreference Resolution focuses on identifying the coreferential links in biomedical texts, which is crucial to complete bio-events’ attributes and interconnect events into bio-networks. Previously, as one of the most powerful tools, deep neural network-based general domain systems are applied to the biomedical domain with domain-specific information integration. However, such methods may raise much noise due to its insufficiency of combining context and complex domain-specific information.

Results

In this article, we explore how to leverage the external knowledge base in a fine-grained way to better resolve coreference by introducing a knowledge-enhanced Long Short Term Memory network (LSTM), which is more flexible to encode the knowledge information inside the LSTM. Moreover, we further propose a knowledge attention module to extract informative knowledge effectively based on contexts. The experimental results on the BioNLP and CRAFT datasets achieve state-of-the-art performance, with a gain of 7.5 F1 on BioNLP and 10.6 F1 on CRAFT. Additional experiments also demonstrate superior performance on the cross-sentence coreferences.

Availability and implementation

The source code will be made available at https://github.com/zxy951005/KB-CR upon publication. Data is avaliable at http://2011.bionlp-st.org/ and https://github.com/UCDenver-ccp/CRAFT/releases/tag/v3.1.3.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Species diversification and ecomorphological evolution in the radiation of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae)
Authors: Vinciguerra Nicholas T , Burns Kevin J
Published: March 2021

Ecological opportunity is hypothesized to cause an early burst of species diversification and trait evolution followed by a slowdown in diversification rates as niches are filled. Nonetheless, few studies have tested these predictions empirically with ecomorphological data at the large spatial scales relevant to most of biodiversity. Tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest family of songbirds, show an early burst of species diversification and provide an excellent opportunity to test one of the hallmarks of adaptive radiation: rapid ecomorphological evolution. Here, we test for an early-burst pattern of a resource-exploiting trait (bill morphology) across the radiation of tanagers using a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny and high-resolution three-dimensional surface scans of bill structure from museum study skins. Using recently developed methods of multivariate trait evolution, we find evidence for a rapid burst of bill shape evolution early in the radiation of tanagers, followed by a subsequent decrease in rates toward the present. Likewise, we show that morphological disparity is distributed among (rather than within) subclades, indicating that most of the observed bill shape disparity evolved early in the radiation of tanagers and has slowed through time. The diversification dynamics of tanagers match patterns expected from adaptive radiation and the filling of ecomorphospace.
Revision of the muscular anatomy of the paired fins of the living coelacanthLatimeria chalumnae(Sarcopterygii: Actinistia)
Authors: Huby Alessia , Mansuit Rohan , Herbin Marc , Herrel Anthony
Published: March 2021

As a sarcopterygian fish, the extant coelacanth Latimeria has muscular paired fins, different in their skeletal and muscular anatomy from the paired fins of actinopterygians. Although the muscular anatomy of the pectoral and pelvic fins of Latimeria has been described by several studies, a detailed functional description of the muscles and their architecture has never been performed. Our detailed functional description of the muscles of the paired fins shows a more complex organization than previously described. The pectoral and pelvic fins have a different organization of their muscular anatomy, and the pelvic fin shows a more plesiomorphic configuration of the muscles since most of them are poly-articular and run from the pelvic girdle to the fin rays, an organization typical of actinopterygians. We found that the pectoral fins are stronger than the pelvic fins which is likely to be associated with the greater contribution of the pectoral fins to locomotion and manoeuvring. Finally, the study of the joint mobility of the paired fins showed that the pectoral fins show greater mobility than the pelvic fins. The reduced mobility of the pelvic fin is possibly a consequence of the morphology of the mesomeres and the large pre-axial radials.
Time-lapse imaging of human embryos fertilized with testicular sperm reveals an impact on the first embryonic cell cycle
Authors: van Marion E S , Speksnijder J P , Hoek J , Boellaard W P A , Dinkelman-Smit M , Chavli E A , Steegers-Theunissen R P M , Laven J S E , Baart E B
Published: March 2021

Testicular sperm is increasingly used during in vitro fertilization treatment. Testicular sperm has the ability to fertilize the oocyte after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), but they have not undergone maturation during epididymal transport. Testicular sperm differs from ejaculated sperm in terms of chromatin maturity, incidence of DNA damage, and RNA content. It is not fully understood what the biological impact is of using testicular sperm, on fertilization, preimplantation embryo development, and postimplantation development. Our goal was to investigate differences in human preimplantation embryo development after ICSI using testicular sperm (TESE-ICSI) and ejaculated sperm. We used time-lapse embryo culture to study these possible differences. Embryos (n = 639) originating from 208 couples undergoing TESE-ICSI treatment were studied and compared to embryos (n = 866) originating from 243 couples undergoing ICSI treatment with ejaculated sperm. Using statistical analysis with linear mixed models, we observed that pronuclei appeared 0.55 h earlier in TESE-ICSI embryos, after which the pronuclear stage lasted 0.55 h longer. Also, significantly more TESE-ICSI embryos showed direct unequal cleavage from the 1-cell stage to the 3-cell stage. TESE-ICSI embryos proceeded faster through the cleavage divisions to the 5- and the 6-cell stage, but this effect disappeared when we adjusted our model for maternal factors. In conclusion, sperm origin affects embryo development during the first embryonic cell cycle, but not developmental kinetics to the 8-cell stage. Our results provide insight into the biological differences between testicular and ejaculated sperm and their impact during human fertilization.
Attracting Diverse Students to Field Experiences Requires Adequate Pay, Flexibility, and Inclusion
Authors: Jensen Alex J , Bombaci Sara P , Gigliotti Laura C , Harris Stephen N , Marneweck Courtney J , Muthersbaugh Mike S , Newman Blaise A , Rodriguez Shari L , Saldo Elizabeth A , Shute Kyle E , Titus Keifer L , Williams Amanda L , Yu Sze Wing , Jachowski David S
Published: March 2021

Access to field experiences can increase participation of diverse groups in the environmental and natural resources (ENR) workforce. Despite a growing interest among the ENR community to attract and retain diverse students, minimal data exist on what factors undergraduate students prioritize when applying for field experiences. Using a nationwide survey of US undergraduate ENR students, we show that attracting most students to field experiences—especially racial or ethnic minority students—will require pay above minimum wage. However, the concurrent landscape of pay in ENR fell short of meeting many students’ pay needs. Aside from pay, ENR students valued training in technical field skills and analytical or research skills, working with their desired study species or taxa, and working near school or family. Additional barriers beyond limited pay included incompatible schedules and noninclusive work environments. Our findings provide important insights for attracting a diverse workforce to this critical stage in career advancement for students in ENR.
Sign-specific stimulation ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ spots in Parkinson’s disease validated with machine learning
Authors: Boutet Alexandre , Germann Jurgen , Gwun Dave , Loh Aaron , Elias Gavin J B , Neudorfer Clemens , Paff Michelle , Horn Andreas , Kuhn Andrea A , Munhoz Renato P , Kalia Suneil K , Hodaie Mojgan , Kucharczyk Walter , Fasano Alfonso , Lozano Andres M
Published: March 2021

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus has become a standard therapy for Parkinson’s disease. Despite extensive experience, however, the precise target of optimal stimulation and the relationship between site of stimulation and alleviation of individual signs remains unclear. We examined whether machine learning could predict the benefits in specific Parkinsonian signs when informed by precise locations of stimulation. We studied 275 Parkinson’s disease patients who underwent subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation between 2003 and 2018. We selected pre-deep brain stimulation and best available post-deep brain stimulation scores from motor items of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III) to discern sign-specific changes attributable to deep brain stimulation. Volumes of tissue activated were computed and weighted by (i) tremor, (ii) rigidity, (iii) bradykinesia and (iv) axial signs changes. Then, sign-specific sites of optimal (‘hot spots’) and suboptimal efficacy (‘cold spots’) were defined. These areas were subsequently validated using machine learning prediction of sign-specific outcomes with in-sample and out-of-sample data (n = 51 subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation patients from another institution). Tremor and rigidity hot spots were largely located outside and dorsolateral to the subthalamic nucleus whereas hot spots for bradykinesia and axial signs had larger overlap with the subthalamic nucleus. Using volume of tissue activated overlap with sign-specific hot and cold spots, support vector machine classified patients into quartiles of efficacy with ≥92% accuracy. The accuracy remained high (68–98%) when only considering volume of tissue activated overlap with hot spots but was markedly lower (41–72%) when only using cold spots. The model also performed poorly (44–48%) when using only stimulation voltage, irrespective of stimulation location. Out-of-sample validation accuracy was ≥96% when using volume of tissue activated overlap with the sign-specific hot and cold spots. In two independent datasets, distinct brain areas could predict sign-specific clinical changes in Parkinson’s disease patients with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. With future prospective validation, these findings could individualize stimulation delivery to optimize quality of life improvement.
Characterizing the Network Architecture of Emotion Regulation Neurodevelopment
Authors: Guassi Moreira João F , McLaughlin Katie A , Silvers Jennifer A
Published: March 2021

The ability to regulate emotions is key to goal attainment and well-being. Although much has been discovered about neurodevelopment and the acquisition of emotion regulation, very little of this work has leveraged information encoded in whole-brain networks. Here we employed a network neuroscience framework to parse the neural underpinnings of emotion regulation skill acquisition, while accounting for age, in a sample of children and adolescents (N = 70, 34 female, aged 8–17 years). Focusing on three key network metrics—network differentiation, modularity, and community number differences between active regulation and a passive emotional baseline—we found that the control network, the default mode network, and limbic network were each related to emotion regulation ability while controlling for age. Greater network differentiation in the control and limbic networks was related to better emotion regulation ability. With regards to network community structure (modularity and community number), more communities and more crosstalk between modules (i.e., less modularity) in the control network were associated with better regulatory ability. By contrast, less crosstalk (i.e., greater modularity) between modules in the default mode network was associated with better regulatory ability. Together, these findings highlight whole-brain connectome features that support the acquisition of emotion regulation in youth.