bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of New Visual Media on Discourse and Persuasion in the War Film
Authors: Tseng Chiao-I
Published: January 2019

The recent uses of digital technology in war films have sparked a wave of
discussions about new visual aesthetics in the genre. Drawing on the approach of
film discourse analysis, this article critically examines recent claims about
new visual grammar in the war film and investigates to what extent the insertion
of different media channels has affected the persuasive function of the genre.
Through a detailed analysis of Redacted (2007), which
constitutes an extreme case of a fiction filmmaking use of a variety of digital
channels, this article demonstrates that the multimedia format works within
systems of classical film discourse while also generating new patterns of
persuasion tied to new visual technology.
Old Horror, New Hollywood and the 1960s True Crime Cycle
Authors: Snelson Tim
Published: January 2019

This article focuses on a cycle of late 1960s true crime films depicting topical
mass/serial murders. It argues that the conjoined ethical and aesthetic
approaches of these films were shaped within and by a complex climate of
contestation as they moved from newspaper headlines to best-sellers lists to
cinema screens. While this cycle was central to critical debates about screen
violence during this key moment of institutional, regulatory and aesthetic
transition, they have been almost entirely neglected or, at best, misunderstood.
Meeting at the intersection of, and therefore falling between the gaps, of
scholarship on the Gothic horror revival and New Hollywood’s violent
revisionism, this cycle reversed the generational critical divisions that
instigated a new era in filmmaking and criticism. Adopting a historical
reception studies approach, this article challenges dominant understandings of
the depiction and reception of violence and horror in this defining period.
Introduction
Authors: Kane Daniel
Published: January 2019

IT IS NOW commonplace for music fans and critics to claim that figures such as Lou Reed, Richard Hell, and Patti Smith were “poetic” in their approach to making music, writing lyrics, and developing a punk style.1 Through close and intertextual readings across poetry, song lyrics, and music, ...
The Fugs Are Coming
Authors: Kane Daniel
Published: January 2019

The Fugs’ music drew on writers as diverse as Blake, Swinburne, Auden and Ginsberg, creating entirely new forms of reception for texts that had traditionally been consigned to the page. And yet, most histories of 1960s countercultural music tend to elide the Fugs both as punk precursors and as riotous cultural critics who reconciled nineteenth and twentieth century poetry with rock ‘n’ roll before Lou Reed, Patti Smith or Richard Hell’s own invocations of bardic authority. This chapter traces how the Fugs’s “low fi noisy shit about poetry sex and drugs” reveals them to be the first rock band to show how poetry and rock could work together to promote a visibly confrontational and noisy youth-oriented sensibility.
Richard Hell, Genesis: Grasp, and the Making of the Blank Generation
Authors: Kane Daniel
Published: January 2019

From his early days in the Neon Boys through the Voidoid’s Blank Generation, Hell seeded references to Nerval, Rimbaud, Artaud, and other writers into his lyrics. While the influence of French literature on Hell’s musical output is fairly well documented, however, what is not investigated sufficiently is how, like a number of the musicians considered here, Hell’s love for French romantic, symbolist and surrealist literature coincided with an increasing attraction to the chirpy poetics of sociability then dominant in New York’s literary avant-gardes. Beginning with an in-depth reading of Hell’s editorship of a Lower East Side-based literary magazine Genesis : Grasp, this chapter moves on to explore how the St. Mark’s poets’ critical engagement with seriousness as a mode informed Hell’s literary and musical tastes. Hell would never read poetry or listen, sing and play music in such a way as to presuppose solemnity, intensity and passion were prima facie good things.
Eileen Myles and the International Fuck Frank O’Hara Movement
Authors: Kane Daniel
Published: January 2019

The New York School as it developed at St. Mark’s, with its innumerable odes to joy, casualness, and collaboration, was forced to make way for a markedly punk-inflected new style that went even further then the first wave of CBGBs musicians did in foregrounding vulgarity, base intensity, raw passion – the poetry of figures including Eileen Myles and the freewheeling collective of writers who produced Koff magazine refused their predecessors’ rhetorical fireworks, wacky jokes, or poetic justifications. Where Richard Hell, Patti Smith, and their minions allowed for a marked literariness to inform their music and lyrics, influence for Myles, Cooper, and related New York writers went the other way in the latter part of the 1970s – punk was teaching poetry this time around.
“Sit on My Face!”
Authors: Kane Daniel
Published: January 2019

Extends the study of the previous chapter, focusing on Dennis Cooper.
First and Lasting
Authors: Matz Jesse
Published: January 2019

Surveys responses to impressionist painting to draw out the dynamic central to the movement's lasting legacy, which it then begins to trace through Cubism, Decorative Impressionism, and impressionist in music.
The “Image of Africa” from Conrad to Achebe to Adichie
Authors: Matz Jesse
Published: January 2019

Relates impressionism's perceptual trickery to a kind of fraudulence that has tended to accompany it, in discussion of three impressionist tricksters: Japanese financier Ryoto Saito, performance artist Yves Klein, and memoirist/fiction-writer James Frey.
The Impressionist Fraud
Authors: Matz Jesse
Published: January 2019

Traces the development of impressionism in Africa after Chinua Achebe's epochal rejection of the impressionist style of Joseph Conrad—from these two writers to others including Kojo Laing, Barbara Kingsolver, W. G. Sebald, Buchi Emecheta, and finally Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.
Introduction
Authors: Kolozi Peter
Published: January 2019

This chapter established that there is an underexplored tradition in American conservatism that has been critical of capitalism. This tension has been expressed in three phases: outright opposition to capitalism; more muted critiques of capitalism; and ultimately an uneasy accommodation with capitalism.
Emerging Capitalism and Its Conservative Critics
Authors: Kolozi Peter
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on the critique of capitalism offered by George Fitzhugh, John C. Calhoun, and James Henry Hammond. It pays particular attention to their indictment of the wage system as exploitative and immiserating of the working class.
In Search of the Warrior-Statesman
Authors: Kolozi Peter
Published: January 2019

Brooks Adams and Theodore Roosevelt focus on how the pursuit of profit fosters class antagonisms and makes the nation soft and effeminate undermining national strength and unity. They believed in an American empire and an economy guided and regulated to imperial ends as the mechanism for social harmony, unity, and national strength.
The Agrarian Critique of Capitalism
Authors: Kolozi Peter
Published: January 2019

The Southern Agrarian critique of capitalism was the most radical of twentieth century conservative attacks on capitalism. For the Southern Agrarians capitalism undermined the “Southern way of life,” a vision of society characterized by a segregationist, populist, agrarian republicanism.
The Neoconservative Critiques of and Reconciliation with Capitalism
Authors: Kolozi Peter
Published: January 2019

The crisis decade of the 1970s was a transformational moment for conservatives in which their ambivalence about capitalism underwent a fundamental shift. This chapter explores how conservatives in America resolved the tension between conservatism and capitalism by reimagining the capitalist market as an arena of a reinvigorated Protestant ethic. In addition, the chapter argues that a critique of capitalism on the neoconservative right remains, but it centers on how the culture of capitalism, rather than capitalism as such, produces a decadent, emasculated America lacking the will for empire.
A Principled Critique of the ACA and the ACA in an Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Almgren Gunnar
Published: January 2019

The chapter begins with an analysis of the ACA for what it is: the realization of an approach to health care reform that traces its origins to the conservative framework for health care reform once advanced by the moderate faction of the GOP and also the Heritage Foundation in its more moderate past. The policy aims, strategies, and specific provisions of the ACA are then critiqued in accordance to the principles of a national health care policy that would be consistent with the realization of democratic citizenship, as explicated in the first two chapters of the book. The chapter then concludes with arguments in support of a perspective of the ACA as a flawed but essential stage in an evolutionary policy progression that propels the nation’s health care system further toward the more radical and fundamental health care reform that is requisite to both the preservation of democratic governance, and the advancement of a more democratic society.
A Principled Approach to Radical Health-Care Finance Reform
Authors: Almgren Gunnar
Published: January 2019

Building upon contextualization of the ACA as not a panacea, but instead a stage of progressive policy evolution, this chapter is the first of three chapters that sketches out a vision of health care reform that more completely satisfies the requirements of democratic citizenship and the possibility of social mobility that is essential to the preservation and advancement of political democracy. A basic premise of this chapter is that health care system finance reform logically (and in historical terms empirically) precedes health care system delivery reforms. The particular form of health care financing that is presented and then argued in this chapter is a hybridization of the social insurance approach to health care financing, subsidized by a vibrant voluntary insurance market. This approach takes into account both the principles of health care reform advanced in Chapter 4 and a pragmatic appreciation of the social and political context that has shaped the American liberal welfare state and continues to define its boundaries.
A Principled Approach to Essential Health-Care Delivery System Reforms
Authors: Almgren Gunnar
Published: January 2019

The basic premise of this chapter is that we have at our disposal a wealth of evidence-based knowledge of critical health care delivery strategies that would, if implemented on a large scale, yield both a social right to health care for all citizens and favorable population health care outcomes at lower cost. This chapter provides a synthesis of this knowledge, and then identifies a limited set of very specific health care system delivery reforms that meet three evaluative criteria: equity, sustainability, and political feasibility. Equity refers to the extent to which any particular health care system delivery reform achieves a fair balance between the competing interests of different segments of the patient population and society at large. Sustainability refers to the extent to which a health care system delivery reform initiative yields favorable impacts on population health while realizing large reductions in immediate and future health care costs. Finally, political feasibility refers to the likelihood of a given health care system delivery reform in view of the competing interests of different stakeholder groups affected. This chapter offers a principled and empirically justified blueprint for the most promising health care system delivery reforms towards the fulfillment of these three ends.
Rationalizing Romance
Authors: Randles Jennifer M.
Published: January 2019

Drawing on my ethnographic research in trainings and workshops for 20 government-approved healthy marriage curricula, this chapter analyzes how the curricula defined the dynamics of healthy relationships and the economic and social value of marriage to families and society. They emphasized what I call skilled love, a type of romantic love that is logical, competent, and controlled. Educators taught that individuals can learn to love in line with long-term marital commitment by developing rational romantic values, emotional competencies, and interpersonal habits.
Teaching Upward Mobility
Authors: Randles Jennifer M.
Published: January 2019

This chapter shows how the healthy marriage classes I studied promoted skilled love as the essential link between marriage, financial stability, and upward mobility. It illustrates how the classes taught about the connection between strong relationships and social class without acknowledging how economic deprivation and stress affect romantic relationships. The chapter concludes by highlighting how healthy marriage programs seek to change the relationship choices and behaviors of those in poverty without addressing their structural context.
Intimate Inequalities and Curtailed Commitments
Authors: Randles Jennifer M.
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes how cultural and economic changes in marriage throughout the twentieth century have created a middle-class marriage culture in which low-income couples are less likely to marry for both ideological and financial reasons. I introduce several emblematic Thriving Families couples who told me they could not afford or prioritize marriage until they were no longer economically struggling. Their relationship stories illustrate how financial challenges lead to curtailed commitment, especially when marriage between two economically unstable partners seems like a bad financial risk.
Fertilization
Authors: Gilbert Scott
Published: January 2019

The story of fertilization is often told as man’s story, a race ending in capturing and penetrating an egg. Science finds these stories to be false myths. The female reproductive tract is not a raceway, but an active entity that gives sperm the ability to activate the egg; and the merging of sperm and egg is not done by boring or drilling through the egg, but by the melting of cell membranes so that the two cells become one.
Technological Motherhood
Authors: Pinto-Correia Clara
Published: January 2019

We have invented new types of mothering and are just beginning to feel their effects on society. Surrogacy has a long history and as a means of employment, it has opened up many unquieting biological and legal questions. Similarly, egg donation and post-menstrual pregnancies enable people to become biological mothers when such options had been closed until a few years ago. The new technology of egg freezing promises a life of freedom to young single women. These technologies are popularized and romanticized, but they are not without significant perils.
Cloning Animals, Cells, and Genes
Authors: Gilbert Scott
Published: January 2019

Every technology has its history, and this chapter looks at the technologies of animal cloning and how they changed when it became apparent that one could perform some of the medical task of cloning with embryonic stem cells. These stem cells were difficult to obtain (and morally worrisome to many) and a new technology, induced pluripotential stem cells, enabled researchers to transform nearly any cell of the body into an embryonic stem cell. This has brought new worries concerning the ability to manipulate these cells to enhance a person’s capabilities.
Activist Business
Authors: Davis Joshua Clark
Published: January 2019

Chapter one investigates the intellectual and political origins of activist business and analyzes them within the context of the New Left, earlier leftist thinkers, and an even older tradition of social movement businesses. These thinkers charged that a wide range of Americans were excluded from a postwar consumer culture that celebrated the white, suburban, heterosexual, obedient, and conventional family of four as the normative social and economic unit. Unlike most conventional businesses, activist entrepreneurs responded by seeking to achieve three fundamental non-financial goals: to advance and disseminate the ideologies and values of a range of social movements; to offer an alternative to chain retail by making small business more democratic, participatory, collaborative, and spiritually fulfilling; and to create “free spaces” where marginalized people and activists could publicly assemble and collaborate. Some activist entrepreneurs sought to challenge capitalist imperatives of management ownership and profit maximization and believed that they could create businesses that were minimally capitalist or even non-capitalist. This chapter also addresses the criticisms activist businesses faced.
Liberation Through Literacy
Authors: Davis Joshua Clark
Published: January 2019

Chapter two examines Black-Power activists who founded scores of bookstores throughout the country in the 1960s and ‘70s, hoping to prompt both a “revolution of the mind” and a transformation of business culture in black communities. These activists hailed bookstores as information centers where African American community members could meet to learn about and agitate for radical movements for racial equality and black progress. African American booksellers’ sought to further the work of the Black Power movement by affirming racial pride, celebrating black history and identity, and promoting connections to and interest in Africa. As Black Power declined over the course of the 1970s, however, black bookstores were compelled to deal in an ever broader range of black-authored written works, many of them less political in nature.
Champion of Spiritual Care
Authors: Callahan Ann M.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 1 highlights how important it is for hospice social workers to operate as champions of spiritual care with and on behalf of their patients. This begins with exploring why it is important to understand a patient’s experience of spirituality. Spirituality is described as having significant implications for life quality and delivery of hospice care Hospice social workers are essential members on interdisciplinary teams charged with the responsibility of ensuring patient access to quality hospice care, which for some patients necessitates spiritual care. To lay the foundation, hospice social workers need to understand how to engage in spiritually-sensitive hospice social work so they have the capacity to coordinate, if not deliver, spiritual care.
Spiritual Needs
Authors: Callahan Ann M.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 3 describes common spiritual needs as well as unique factors that can shape how the end of life is experienced. The meeting of spiritual needs is essential (Langegard & Ahlberg, 2009), as it supports patients who seek wholeness in the midst of profound vulnerability (Goldberg & Crespo, 2003). Advances in medicine may further extend the time patients have for spiritual challenges to inform life meaning (Grant, 2007). Hospice social workers can support patients in this process provided that they are aware of what patients consider are spiritual needs. This chapter reviews research that suggests spiritual needs may be shaped by personal and contextual factors. Some spiritual needs may not be met due to declining health (Hermann, 2006), but the recognition of spiritual needs may also reveal biopsychosocial needs that can be.
Japan’s Twenty-First-Century Security Renaissance
Authors: Oros Andrew L.
Published: January 2019

This chapter provides an overview of Japan's security renaissance in the past decade, with special attention to three historical legacies that continue to limit Japan's defense policies: Japan's World War II history, its antimilitarist security policies of the postwar period, and the unequal aspects of the US-Japan alliance.
The Gradual Awakening
Authors: Oros Andrew L.
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines Japan's gradual security awakening with particular focus on the post-Cold War period to 2006.
Domestic Power Transitions and Japan’s Evolving Strategic Posture, 2006 to 2012
Authors: Oros Andrew L.
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the first administration of Shinzo Abe, the fall of the LDP from power, and the three years of rule by the Democratic Party of Japan, with a focus on security policy innovation in this period.
Immunity, Bare Life, and the Thanatopolitics of Reproduction
Authors: Deutscher Penelope
Published: January 2019

Considers the status of reproduction and abortion for the two leading proponents of the thanatopolitical interpretations of Foucauldian biopolitics: Italian philosophers Giorgio Agamben and Roberto Esposito. Re-evaluates a number of feminist critiques of their work. Argues for a new understanding of abortion, by means not of an application of Esposito and Agamben, but through an ‘inversion’ of some of their resources. For example, the chapter argues for an understanding of politicized abortion in terms of an “inversion’ of a term extensively discussed by Agamben, the state of exception. Proposes this approach as an alternative to other means of feminist critique of these philosophers.
Introduction
Authors: Marzouki Nadia
Published: January 2019

The 2004 French law that prohibits wearing conspicuous religious symbols in public schools provoked much perplexity and even indignation in the United States. The law appeared to go entirely against the American definition of religious freedom as a fundamental individual right and the principle of its free exercise as guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution. The questions and moralizing multiplied: What right had the French state to intervene in the regulation of religious practices? Why did the French have the mischievous obsession of always instituting new laws to settle the least little problem? Did young Muslim women really need to be protected by the republic? But France is hardly the only target of America’s wrath. Several countries are regularly denounced for their intolerance toward this or that religious minority: Why do the Germans refuse to recognize Scientology as a religion? Why do Italians oppose the construction of mosques? Why are the Belgians afraid of a few burkas? One institution in particular has for many years played an essential role in the construction of this narrative that places an exceptional America—champion of religious freedom—in opposition to an aging Europe that is increasingly insular, intolerant, and racist. The United States Commission for International Religious Freedom is an independent, bipartisan group created by the federal government in 1998 to make recommendations to the U.S. State Department about the condition of religious liberties around the world. Based in Washington, D.C., ...
Muslim Americans
Authors: Marzouki Nadia
Published: January 2019

Chapter one explores the principal historical and sociological characteristics of Muslims in America, and show that from a legal point of view, what they seek is no different from what other religious minorities request.
Forcing the First Amendment
Authors: Marzouki Nadia
Published: January 2019

The fifth chapter looks at how the treatment of Islam as a matter of foreign policy reveals less clear distinctions than those observed in domestic quarrels between moral registers, law, and security. The policy of exporting the principle of international religious freedom is founded mostly on a culturalist approach that opposes an intolerant Muslim world to a persecuted Christian world.
Introduction
Authors: Balsom Erika
Published: January 2019

The history of art is the history of copy rites, of transformations that take place during acts of copying.

—Hillel Schwartz, The Culture of the Copy

On the occasion of Philippe Parreno’s exhibition Anywhere, Anywhere, Out of the World (2013–14) the art deco facade of Paris’s Palais de Tokyo was adorned with an illuminated marquee (...
A New Approach to Wine Tasting
Authors: Shepherd Gordon M.
Published: January 2019

The principle of the book is set out at the start: taste is not in the wine; the taste is created by the brain of the wine-taster. At present there is no book focused on how wine taste is created by the brain. We show how, just as with creating the flavors of food, creating the flavors of wine engages more of the brain than any other human experience. The book aims to explain how this happens to enhance your wine tasting enjoyment, whether yours is the brain of the casual wine drinker at home or the brain of an expert professional wine taster.
Respiration and Wine Aromas
Authors: Shepherd Gordon M.
Published: January 2019

Respiration is critical to producing both orthonasal and retronasal smell. We explain how the diaphragm moves up and down, controlled by the nerves from the respiratory central pattern generator. We look inside the nose to see how the sniff produces complex airflows when we are sampling the wine aroma in the glass by orthonasal smell.
Swallow, Aroma Burst, and Finish
Authors: Shepherd Gordon M.
Published: January 2019

Swallowing is a complex act, crucial to the wine tasting experience. We describe the swallowing muscles, controlled by the swallowing central pattern generator. We describe the steps in swallowing, from mouth to throat to esophagus. After swallowing come two essential stages in wine tasting: the aroma burst from the wine coating the throat, and the “finish” - how long the taste remains.
Memory and Wine Tasting
Authors: Shepherd Gordon M.
Published: January 2019

How many components can we remember in a wine taste? Much research has shown that memory is good for one or two components, but falls off severely ad 3 and is virtually gone for more. The more experience one has the better one learns to associate specific sets of features as synthetic objects, much like a face in visual perception, which is reasonable if we remember that the brain constructs images of smells. Current research on memory indicates that learning occurs when cells that fire together wire together; the changes can take place because the connections are plastic. Language is key to the recall of the memories.
Pleasure
Authors: Shepherd Gordon M.
Published: January 2019

Like everything else involved in the taste of wine, the pleasure that a good wine gives is created by the brain. A half century of research has identified centers in the brain whose stimulation creates the feeling of pleasure. These are especially related to the hypothalamus, the cingulate cortex, and the deep regions of the forebrain. Current studies of these areas are distinguishing between the behavior of “liking” something, and “wanting” it. The higher sensory centers we have discussed merge into this pleasure network to constitute the “human brain flavor system”. Research has even gone so far that the pleasantness of the aroma of given molecule can be predicted from its molecular structure. The future will hold many opportunities like this to unite brain science with enology to advance our understanding of wine flavor.
Introduction
Authors: Gilmore Leigh
Published: January 2019

The introduction lays out the framework for why we doubt what women say about their lives; defines the figure of the tainted witness as who a woman can become, not who she is; places the figure of the woman witness and the practices of testimony (legal and literary) in the context of raced and gendered histories of doubt; theorizes the presence of a testimonial network through which bodies, persons, and words moves as a circulatory system in which histories of slavery and colonialism are lodged and which incubates sexism and racism; analyzes how these pre-existing judgments lay in wait for any particular woman’s testimony in order to smear her; defines scandal as the substitution of the witness’s terms for hostile ones that are then repeated as if truth and are recycled through global media; and defines the “adequate witness” as one who provides a “holding environment” (following Winnicott) for testimony.
Anita Hill, Clarence Thomas, and the Search for an Adequate Witness
Authors: Gilmore Leigh
Published: January 2019

Chapter one begins with Anita Hill, situates the study at the beginning of the 1990s (with roots in the 1980s) within the context of post-Reagan neoliberalism, and argues that Anita Hill’s testimony initiates a new phase in the history of discrediting women’s public accounts of agentic response to sexual harassment. The chapter goes on to theorize that sexual harassment offers a test case of how the social contract, based as it is in a public/private split, is confounded by the presence of women in the workplace as citizens, workers, professionals, colleagues, and sexual agents rather than objects. Finally, the chapter examines how race and gender migrated in relation to judgment about Hill’s and Thomas’s life stories and claims the purposeful use of racism and sexism in the hearings.
Jurisdictions and Testimonial Networks
Authors: Gilmore Leigh
Published: January 2019

Chapter two traces Rigoberta Menchú’s search for an adequate witness from the interview she gave that became an international best seller to her recent vindication in Guatemalan court. The chapter goes on to identify and analyze two histories – the history of scandal and the history of testimony – as Menchú’s life story and life work move from book to documentary film to court. Finally the chapter theorizes that by following both histories, we can better understand how testimony travels within a network, how it halts or continues, and how multiple audiences receive it.
Witness by Proxy
Authors: Gilmore Leigh
Published: January 2019

Chapter four takes up the interest in second hand life narratives of girls exemplified by Greg Mortenson’s Three Cups of Tea and Nicholas Kristof’s Half the Sky and argues that humanitarian campaigns now promote ever purer (and younger) victims as deserving of empathy and Western intervention. The chapter goes on to identifiy the preference for blameless witnesses, sufficiently innocent to arouse nearly universal sympathy and often the victims of profoundly unsympathetic criminals populate accounts by Mortenson and Kristof, specifically by examining the “Three Cups of Tea” scandal. The chapter also theorizes that girls and women spark international awareness campaigns, as they should, but that humanitarian efforts like Mortenson’s do not necessarily operate in concert with local efforts at feminist reform. Finally, the chapter posits the appeal of the proxy witness: the man who speaks on behalf of girls and women who, in a turn of the humanitarian screw, is not so much their proxy as they are his.
Science and the Solar System Over Easy
Authors: Comins Neil F.
Published: January 2019

This chapter defines some essential terms, such as "space" and paints the big picture of our neighborhood of space, what is in our astronomical neighborhood, and what places in it we will be able to visit in the near future. It also presents the basic physics, such as the different types of electromagnetic radiations, necessary to understand some of the issues surrounding space travel, such as radiation hazards and weightlessness.
Brief Descriptions of Journeys Through Space
Authors: Comins Neil F.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 2 outlines the types of trips possible in the near future, namely suborbital flights; trips to earth-orbiting space stations; trips to the Moon, to nearby asteroids and comets, and trips to Mars and its moons.
Preparing for Your Trip
Authors: Comins Neil F.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 3 describes testing to see if you are qualified to travel into space. Discusses legal matters related to your flight.
Launch!
Authors: Comins Neil F.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 5 explores the steps leading up to launch, the launch and for flights into orbit and beyond, the flight path followed to a space station, which will be the departure point for more distant flights.
Experiences by Destination
Authors: Comins Neil F.
Published: January 2019

Using a variety of pictures taken on the Moon, on Mars, and on nearby asteroids and comets, this chapter explores a variety of locations that space tourists might find especially interesting.
Memory Deviants
Authors: Autry Robyn
Published: January 2019

Chapter 4 asks, “What can deviant forms of remembering tell us about the normative project of collective remembrance?” This chapter draws on newspaper articles, blogs, and interviews to explore the world of “memory deviants” who refuse to engage in ‘socially responsible” forms of remembering and the identity constructions implicit in them. This chapter investigates the limits of constructing a consensus-driven collective memory through the lens of dissenting voices, particularly those of the people meant to identify with revised collective narratives.
Papers
Authors: Hanley Will
Published: January 2019

Identity documents are a key tool in modern regimes of affiliation. This chapter examines the physical nature of a variety of identity documents (passports, certificates of registration, tezkeres, and the like). It traces the protocols and practices that bureaucrats used to identify people on paper. Many newcomers to Alexandria lacked personal connections, and substituted paper vouchers of various kinds.
Marriage
Authors: Hanley Will
Published: January 2019

Marriage (and related questions of divorce, inheritance, custody, and maintenance) was the most important trigger of nationality law jurisprudence in Alexandria. Breakdowns in private life drove litigants into a formal legal sphere that had taken the place of local and non-state adjudication. Many of these litigants were reluctant to concede sovereignty on the basis of nationality; others were eager to explore the limits of nationality-based claims. Here more than anywhere, the new legal technology of private international law struggled to corral human diversity. This chapter shows how lines of gender, sect, and class revealed nationality’s inconsistencies and the improvised nature of its practice.
Foreigners
Authors: Hanley Will
Published: January 2019

This chapter turns to an inferior variety of foreigner: European imperial subjects grudgingly accorded “second class foreigner” standing in Alexandria. These Algerians, Tunisians, and Maltese were Arabic speakers who often had more in common with local society than they did with their imperial co-citizens. “European” foreigners struggled to control these imperial subjects, who were able to claim much stronger rights in Alexandria than they could in home colony or metropole. Their treatment illustrates the complex nature of nationality, as a bringer and a denier of rights.
Amorous Time
Authors: Shelden Ashley T.
Published: January 2019

In The Line of Beauty, Alan Hollinghurst revises the notion of nostalgia on which successful love depends, exemplifying the contemporary concept of “amorous time.” This relation to temporality understands time as non-unitary in order to foreground the disappointments that structure a nostalgic relation to the past. The past is desirable for Hollinghurst not because it is full and whole but because of the optimism that it seemed to promise. Such optimism is corroded by the recognition that the possibilities that the past promised have been disappointed in the present. Amorous time thus queers love by dividing both love and temporality, infusing them with distortion and negativity.
Conclusion
Authors: Shelden Ashley T.
Published: January 2019

The conclusion takes up some of the consequences of the arguments in this book particularly in relation to the idea of otherness in David Mitchell’s Cloud Atlas and in the cinematic adaptation of it. Mitchell’s novel suggests that otherness is intractable and unavoidable and cannot simply be erased by the desire to find sameness, connection, and universal humanity in the world. Contemporary literature, in this way, may not provide a road map for how to make the world a better place. But contemporary literature can teach us about otherness not just in others but also in ourselves and in the ideas (like love) that we hold dear.
Pinning Down Potential
Authors: Richardson Ken
Published: January 2019

Chapter 1 explains why a new look at the whole field covered by the title is badly needed. It illustrates how ideology has (even unwittingly) perfused much of what passes for a science of potential through a fatal weakness – the vagueness of its basic concepts. The rest of the chapter illustrates that weakness in the recent hype-ridden “advances” about genes, brains and intelligence and in the “new” methods said to support them
Real Genes, Real Intelligence
Authors: Richardson Ken
Published: January 2019

Chapter 4 offers a genuine biological model of intelligence. It goes right back to basics: to molecular networks, and life before genes; to evolution and cells; the true nature of complex environments; the kind of information living things really need to survive in them; and the “intelligent systems” that use it. It also explains why the new concepts of “dynamical systems” are needed to understand the adaptability of complex organisms.
A Creative Cognition
Authors: Richardson Ken
Published: January 2019

Chapter 7 relates these brain concepts to traditional theories of cognition. It provides an overview of those theories, indicating their inadequacies, and reasons for their continuing rivalry. It goes on to offer a new perspective now emerging from dynamical systems research. For the first time, that perspective clearly describes how cognitive intelligence both transcends, yet emerges from, that in brain networks. The chapter accordingly attempts to reframe traditional concepts of cognitive functions within that dynamical perspective
Potential Between Brains
Authors: Richardson Ken
Published: January 2019

Chapter 8 describes cognition between animals and their brains in the context of the evolution of social groupings from ants to apes. Even in ants it has entailed a further leap of intelligent functions more complex than those within individuals. And, that, in turn, sheds a new light on the origins and nature of individual differences in social groups, some of which were hinted at by Charles Darwin himself. The chapter describes the dynamical context for the evolution of social mammals, including apes.
Promoting Potential
Authors: Richardson Ken
Published: January 2019

Chapter 10 considers attempts to promote human potential, and analyzes the concepts of genes and environments underlying them. It contrasts the emerging dynamical systems framework with traditional “input-output” models of causes and interventions. The chapter explains why interventions have been disappointing because those underlying concepts are crude. Instead it indicates how the properties of individuals in dynamical systems stem from properties of the (social) system, not from deficiencies in individuals.
The Problems of Education are not Genetic
Authors: Richardson Ken
Published: January 2019

Chapter 11 brings a similar perspective to bear on schooling and education. It explains how what is defined as ability in schools consists largely of (a) informal attributions based on social class background that, in schools, become self-fulfilling; and (b) the consequences of a curriculum of largely irrelevant learning demanding doggedness and persistence, themselves based on class background. The chapter discusses evidence and consequences of this and shows how a mythological meritocracy continues across generations. The chapter also discusses some possible alternatives for providing “real” education.
Michael Milken
Authors: Knee Jonathan A.
Published: January 2019

Junk bond king Michael Milken’s fraud conviction inevitably made him a controversial figure, but none question his financial brilliance. Milken has focused largely on philanthropic efforts since his release from prison, but became convinced that the education sector presented a unique opportunity to apply his economic acumen in a way that would allow him to do well by doing good. Instead, twenty years later Knowledge Universe stands a monument to the hubris inherent in the belief that raw intelligence and enthusiasm for an idea are alone adequate to yield either commercial success or desirable learning outcomes.
Marxism and Memory
Authors: Traverso Enzo
Published: January 2019

The second chapter depicts the teleological conception of memory that shaped Marxism: the collective remembrance of the past struggles inscribed them into the future. It analyzes the exhaustion of this teleological memory by exploring the shift from the revolutionary iconography of the 1920s to the 1990s landscape of broken statues (communism as a field of ruins.
Religion, Reason, and the Politics of Progress
Authors: Hurlbut J. Benjamin
Published: January 2019

Chapter 7 examines the politics surrounding California’s stem cell ballot initiative. The chapter explores how the promise of cures derived from human embryonic stem cell research elicited accounts of citizenship and the public good that treated biomedical innovation as an unequivocal public good. The chapter examines how actors used this idea of innovation to construct science and public reason as allied, secular institutions, and critics of the initiative as injecting unwarranted, private religious perspectives into processes of democratic judgment.
Secular Emergence in Ireland
Authors: Buckley David T.
Published: January 2019

How did Ireland arrive at the twin tolerations after independence from British colonial rule? This chapter the existence of benevolent secularism in the Irish Constitution of 1937, and traces its impact on Ireland’s Catholic majority, religious minorities, and secular elites. Evidence draws on communication between political and religious elites during the drafting of the 1937 Constitution, with special attention to communication between Éamon de Valera and Catholic, Protestant and Jewish elites. The chapter closes with an examination of weaknesses in Irish benevolent secularism manifested in the “Mother and Child” controversy.
Secular Evolution in Ireland
Authors: Buckley David T.
Published: January 2019

How has Irish benevolent secularism withstood challenges brought on by rapid decline in Catholic influence over the past quarter century? This chapter documents the role of religious-secular and interfaith partnerships in steering institutional change in Ireland during this period. Benevolent secularism has evolved without changing into a more assertive form of secularism. The chapter traces secular evolution in areas like education policy and accommodating the growing Muslim minority. It traces elite alliances through field interviews, and then documents similar consensus in public opinion data.
Secular Evolution in Senegal
Authors: Buckley David T.
Published: January 2019

How has Senegal’s benevolent secularism withstood challenges brought on by religious revival and political competition over the past quarter century? This chapter documents the role of religious-secular and interfaith partnerships in steering institutional change in Senegal during this period. Benevolent secularism has evolved in spite of political manipulation by the administration of former-President Wade and efforts from some to privilege portions of the Muslim community. The chapter traces secular evolution in areas like education policy and the crucial election of 2010. It traces elite alliances through field interviews, and then documents similar consensus in public opinion data.
Theater
Authors: Annovi Gian Maria
Published: January 2019

Chapter One explores Pasolini’s theater and theatricality as a specific performance of authorship. It focuses particularly on his “Manifesto per un Nuovo Teatro” (Manifesto for a New Theater) and his play Calderón. The latter is inspired by de la Barca’s drama Life is a dream, and partially set inside Diego Velázquez’s Las Meninas. With its rich, interdisciplinary network of references, Calderón represents a staging of the type of author and metalinguistic work that Pasolini sought to produce. In particular, in Pasolini’s theater the author occupies a double position. He is the external creator, but also a character in the text, engaged in a direct dialogue with the audience. This chapter also discusses the short film Che cosa sono le nuvole? (What Are the Clouds?, 1967), a theater exercise within cinema, which reveals how the multimedial tension that characterizes the second phase of Pasolini’s work is an essential element of his authorial performance. In What Are the Clouds?, Velázquez’s Las Meninas, with its focus on authorial self-inscription, functions as a visual metaphor for the specular relationship between spectator, work, and author, which extends all the way to Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom.
POW Treatment and Lawyers
Authors: Arsenault Elizabeth Grimm
Published: January 2019

Following the attacks of 9/11, the normative challenges put forth by the lawyers inside the Bush administration consisted of two main arguments: that international law should play less of a role in dictating U.S. policy, and that the executive branch has primary control over setting U.S. foreign policy. The decisions on detainee treatment would not have occurred without the justification provided by the lawyers in the executive branch. Despite their lack of political authority, these men wielded formidable intellects, access to key decision-makers, and positions of influence within key offices such as the Office of Legal Counsel in the Department of Justice to fundamentally shape U.S. detainee policy in the GWOT.
Market Mistakes and How Unpaid-For External Effects Are Killing Us
Authors: Heal Geoffrey
Published: January 2019

External costs are pervasive, and have been of concern to society since the Middle Ages at least. Examples discussed are oceanic dead zones, overfishing and coral death, deforestation, antibiotic resistance, ozone depletion and acid rain. They result from a failure of the market as it currently operates to reflect external costs, a failure which can be readily overcome.
How to Deal with External Effects
Authors: Heal Geoffrey
Published: January 2019

The classical approach to external costs is to levy corrective taxes. An alternative, the cap and trade system, builds on the idea that external effects arise from inadequately-defined property rights. Historically most societies have regulated external effects, passing laws limiting externality-generating actions: this practice dates back at least to the Middle Ages. The US practices a legal approach to externality-management, giving damaged parties the right to sue for damages. Finally we are now seeing the emergence of an approach based on activism by civil society and consumers and by the investor community. Some of these approaches seem better than others – taxes and cap and trade, for example, are capable of correcting external effects at minimum cost.
A Critical Theory of Human Rights—Some Groundwork
Authors: Forst Rainer
Published: January 2019

Human rights are a complex phenomenon, comprising an array of different aspects: moral, legal, political, and social. A philosophical account of human rights must integrate each of these aspects in the right way. In this chapter, Forst sketches a critical theory of human rights as an alternative to mainstream accounts. His own account begins from the oft- neglected social aspect—the perspective of participants in social struggles against exploitation and oppression—and seeks to reconstruct the basic emancipatory claim of human rights. Human rights, Forst argues, have a common ground in one basic moral right, the right to justification, and their legal and political function is to make this right socially effective.