bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Crisis of Democratisation in Tunisia: Causes, Indicators, Lessons Learned
Authors: Elbanna Asma
Published: December 2022

The democratic transition in Tunisia was unique in the Arab region before it veered off course. The current political crisis is the most precarious, disruptive moment yet seen in the country. This study aims to highlight the reasons for the failure of the Tunisian democratic transition and the lessons that can be drawn from the experience. Beginning with a definition of democratic transition as a theoretical introduction, the study uses a descriptive analytical approach to describe and explain the failure of the democratic transition in Tunisia. It concludes that despite the existence of various instruments of democratisation in Tunisia, such as the peaceful transfer of power, guarantees for rights and freedoms in Tunisian constitutions, a consensual constitution, and participatory transitional institutions, the transition in Tunisia has faltered. The most important lessons the study draws from the stalled transition are: economic development is an important factor in democratisation; the peaceful rotation of power is not sufficient to ensure the success of the transition; genuine consensus must be built between elites and the opposition; and finally, the lack of specific constitutional institutions may hinder the democratic transition.
Risk of ageism in the use of cost-effectiveness thresholds in the recommendations of the national commission for incorporation of technologies in the Brazilian Unified Health System
Authors: Galendi Julia Simões Correa , Wachholz Patrick Alexander , Boas Paulo José Fortes Villas , Nogueira Vania dos Santos Nunes
Published: December 2022

Government agencies perform health technology assessment when evaluating requests to incorporate technologies in public health systems. To promote participation in this decision-making process, the National Commission for the Incorporation of Technologies in the Unified Health System (CONITEC) makes its recommendations available for public consultation for 20 days, which may occasionally be reduced or extended. Recently, CONITEC published its recommendations about the use of cost-effectiveness thresholds in health care decision-making. When reviewing the criteria for alternative cost-effectiveness thresholds, given that they promote innovation and equity in the Brazilian Unified Health System, we realized that the criterion “diseases affecting individuals at the end of life” was excluded from the list. This viewpoint article is a request for CONITEC to reconsider this position. The report disregards technical aspects related to the use of quality-adjusted life years as a metric in patients with low life expectancy, indicating the potential to discriminate against older adults and ignore the practical considerations of international organizations on this topic.
British Colonial Marine Transport Services in the Niger-Benue Confluence Area of Nigeria, 1914–1918
Authors: Shuaibu Mohammed Lawal
Published: December 2022

This paper focuses on the British marine transport services in the Niger-Benue confluence area of Nigeria during the First World War. It posits that the flow of the Benue River through the Northern Nigeria/Cameroon border was a major way through which the British war resources were conveyed from the Niger-Benue confluence area to the battlefronts against the German Cameroon. The paper claims that the British authorities used lies as strategy by painting the Germans as land grabbers to get the locals’ commitment and support during the war at the expense of marine transport services. It reveals that the colonial authorities’ deployment of marine personnel and facilities in the prosecution of the war almost paralysed marine transport services in the area and beyond. The Marine Department (MD), the colonial authority that provided marine services on the waterways, lost 40 British marine officers, 4000 Nigerian personnel and had 12 of its vessels destroyed in the war. The deployment, as discovered, made the MD to neglect its primary responsibilities of maintaining and providing marine transport services in the Niger-Benue confluence area in particular, and Nigeria in general. The development affected nearly every other part of colonial Nigeria economically as the utilisation of Niger-Benue Rivers (which formed the major navigable trading routes) for the war created shortages of imports and scarcity of shipping resources. A wide range of sources from primary to textual analyses in extant literature are used to explain how marine transport in the confluence area fared during the First World War.
Culinary Tourism Development Strategy In Sukabumi
Authors: Nurmilah Risma , Ade Sudarma  , Alhidayatullah Alhidayatullah
Published: December 2022

Culinary tourism is an essential basis for assessing the regional creative economy. The main purpose of this study is to determine the development strategy of culinary tourism in Sukabumi. The method used is a SWOT analysis.The culinary tourism development plan begins by looking at the business characteristic and identified culinary problems so that the concept of culinary tourism development appears based on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The results of this analysis, there are similarities in main characteristics and problems that emerges from every culinary entrepreneur. Similarities in goals and directions impacton the similarities of strategy in its development. This research resulted in three stages strategy namelyshort-, medium- and long-term strategy. Promotion and revitalization culinary place are proposed inshort term strategy.In addition, medium term strategy proposes development of human resources while long term strategy propose government policiesin tourism development. The future plans in culinary tourism development should be ina consistent coordination framework so that results positive regional economic growth.
The Influence of Leadership Style on Employee Performance: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Tamimi Muhizan , Sopiah Sopiah
Published: December 2022

Purpose – This systematic literature review aims to synthesize several studies related to the influence of leadership style on employee performance. Methodology/approach – This study was compiled using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from research related to the influence of organizational culture on employee performance. The data collection method uses the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome methods using 2 accesses, namely Google Scholar and Wiley Online Library. A total of 259 data were filtered using data inclusion criteria so that 30 data were obtained that were by the eligibility standards. Findings – it was found that there were forty-five (45) hypotheses related to leadership style and employee performance. Based on the effect and function of the data variables, they are grouped into four (4), namely, a significant positive effect, no influence and mediating variables, and moderating variables. Novelty/value – Leadership style is a very important factor in the organization because as a vehicle leader in achieving organizational goals. organizational goals can be achieved when employee performance is good. From the many types of leadership styles and various types of organizations, it is necessary to classify various studies related to leadership styles and employee performance in the last 5 years starting from 2017 to 2022.
Lessons Learned From LMICs (Low and Middle Income Countries): COVID-19 Health Education and Community Outreach Best Practices for Gaza
Authors: Mahayosnand Ponn P. , Ahmed Samiha , Sabra ZM
Published: December 2022

Purpose of Review To survey successful COVID–19 interventions of low– and middle–income countries (LMIC) that are transferable to Gaza, Palestine.   Recent Findings As the COVID–19 pandemic ravages globally, low– and middle–income countries (LMIC) showed success in education–based intervention approaches. This paper compiled the COVID responses in 7 LMIC: Vietnam, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Somalia, Afghanistan, Yemen, and Syria. The authors outlined the most successful and effective of these public health strategies, such as outreach through local leadership and the use of social media campaigning. Ineffective public outreach attributed to the shortcomings of some of the countries’ public health responses. This paper identifies the successful techniques of one LMIC and how similar strategies may be applicable in assisting Gaza in curbing COVID–19 infection rates.   Summary Gaza, a community under conflict with little resources, must implement proven strategies to improve its healthcare framework and COVID–19 response. Of the 7 LMIC reviewed, 3 are nations actively in conflict: Afghanistan, Yemen, and Syria. Assessing their ability to respond to COVID despite unstable infrastructure and low–income status provides an important example of successful health education and community outreach techniques. Based on the education–based and community–oriented best practices discovered, appropriate recommendations are proposed for Gaza’s growth and benefit.
Pola Asuh Orang Tua Pada Anak Usia Middle Childhood Yang Memiliki Gangguan Kepribadian
Authors: Fatimatus Zahroh Sitti , Nur Khotimah Nur Khotimah
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this research is to describe the parenting patterns of middle childhood children who have personality disorders in Sobih Hamlet, Waru Village, Pamekasan. This type of qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques are observation, documentation and interviews with parents, children, and their closest family and teachers. The analytical techniques used are data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification.

The results showed: 1) the parenting style applied by the first parent was authoritarian parenting by limiting the child and giving punishment when the child made a mistake that was not in accordance with the will of the parents. The second parenting style is permissive, that is, children are given any freedom without parental supervision. 2) authoritarian parenting style applied by parents has a negative impact, namely not confident, aggressive, difficult to socialize, and has selfishness. Permissive parenting applied by parents will have an impact on learning achievement, children may become lazy and spoiled, and do not care about the learning outcomes achieved due to lack of attention from parents.
Bimbingan Islam Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Rofiki Rofiki , Jannah Faridatul , Adawiyah Robiatul
Published: December 2022

The research objective is to describe guidance activities that can be carried out at Early Childhood Education Institutions. The research method is descriptive qualitative through a library study approach. Data collection techniques with documentation studies and data processing with reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study: the method of religious guidance in early childhood can be carried out individually and in groups through in-class learning. The forms of religious guidance that can be carried out are (1) prayer guidance by teaching prayer movements. (2) speech guidance to train children's speaking courage. (3) prayer guidance to love Rasulullah SAW. (4) Koran guidance to teach hijaiyanh letters and recite the Koran fluently. (5) guidance on the pillars of faith and pillars of Islam so that children can memorize the pillars of faith and Islam.
Acquirement of Land Rights by Foreign Investors: An International Investment Law Perspective
Authors: Szilágyi János Ede , Kovács Bálint
Published: December 2022

This chapter provides an insight into the world of international investment law and its intersection with cross-border acquirement/acquisition of land. Cross-border acquirements, in this context, can be viewed as foreign investments that may fall under the protection of one (or more) of the approximately 3,000 existing international investment agreements. International investment law, as a complex and autonomous system, provides protection to investors via substantive provisions and investment treaty arbitration. The unique situation of Central Europe within this particular international law framework is something which merits attention, which is why this chapter provides an introductory part for the reader to gain a general knowledge of the field and then dives into some of the regional specificities, in tune with the rest of the book.
The European Union’s Legal Framework on the Member State’s Margin of Appreciation in Land Policy : The CJEU’s Case Law After the “KOB” SIA Case
Authors: Korom Ágoston
Published: December 2022

Several studies and scientific workshops have considered the member states’ rules—within the framework of EU law—on the ownership and use of agricultural and forest property, taking into account that this area is significant not only for the member states that acceded after 2004, such as Hungary, but also for the founding members. These examinations have focused on the public interests acknowledged by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), such as the preservation of the rural population; the promotion of small and middle-sized, livable properties; and the easing of the speculative pressure on the land market, which should be achieved in practice without compromising EU law—especially its fundamental freedoms. This characteristic of the CJEU’s relevant case law primarily led to the application of the free movement of capital; nevertheless, the CJEU’s judgment in the “KOB” SIA case resulted in a significant change in this area, which is the main subject of the current examination.
Pap smear collection: Proposal of a low-cost simulator for health education
Authors: Gonçalves Martinovski Juliana de Souza , Knihs Neide da Silva , Salum Nádia Chiodelli , Amante Lucia Nazareth , Stein Mônica , Locks Melissa Orlandi Honório , Da Rosa Luciana Martins
Published: December 2022

Objective: To develop a low-fidelity and low-cost simulator for health education in Pap smears.Methods: This is an experience report of the care practice carried out with nine nurses and twenty-five women, during Pap smears in the office of the Rural Zone Family Health Team. The SQUIRE 2.0 method was used in the following steps Context: the issue was analyzed. Intervention: searches for the existence of a simulator with the same purpose. The simulator was built manually, using low-cost materials. Measurements: an evaluation of the nurses' perception of the technology produced was performed. Afterward, it was used with women undergoing Pap smears. Analysis: evaluation was carried out by means of simple descriptive statistics.Results: A low-cost and fidelity simulator formed by six slides, where the first slide represents a normal cervix; followed by a slide representing a cervix with cervicitis; a cervix with polyp; a cervix with a lesion in the transformation zone; a cervix with malignant neoplasm; and, by a figure equal to the first slide, however, the hole of the endocervix is perforated in order to introduce the brush of the Pap smear kit.Conclusion and implications for practice: A strengthening of cervical cancer preventive strategies in Primary Health Care was obtained. The simulator allows visualization of the main components of the female genital organ when introducing the speculum, configuring a creative and innovative health education strategy for nursing practice.
Association of Vocal Fatigue and Years of Experience in practicing Speech and Language Pathologists
Authors: Ijaz Aneesa , Yaqoob Saba , Mansoor Abiha Fatima , Aziz Saba , Masood Fahad
Published: December 2022

SLPs (Speech and Language Pathologists) are healthcare specialists that specialize in the areas of swallowing and communication across the lifespan. While communication comprises speech production, language, fluency, voice, hearing, cognition, resonance and swallowing involves all aspects of swallowing, including related feeding habits. According to the definition of vocal fatigue, it is "the perception of voice user, manifested mostly as an increased vocal effort that develops over time with voice usage and reduces with voice rest." Objective: To explore an association of vocal fatigue and years of experience among practicing Speech and Language Pathologists. Methods: A cross-sectional study was held with sample size of 80 participants’ using quota sampling technique. Vocal Fatigue Index questionnaire was used to collect data from SLP’s which consists of 19 items having factor 1 (tiredness of voice), factor 2 (physical discomfort) and factor 3 (improvements of symptoms with rest). Results: The mean score of tiredness of voice (factor 1) was 20.15 ± 7.18 having Pearson correlation of 0.470, mean score of physical discomfort (factor 2) was 8.30 ± 4.156 having Pearson correlation of 0.393 and the mean score of improvement of symptoms with rest (factor 3) was 7.86 ± 2.814 having Pearson correlation of -0.063. The mean year of experience was 2.38 ± 1.49. Conclusions: As the age of Speech Language Pathologist increased, they become more experienced but they decreased their workload by reducing their medical practices in this way their vocal fatigue decreases automatically. Hence as the years of experience increases the vocal fatigue of SLP’s decreases.
Context and Realities of Policy Implementation in South Africa: Quo Vadis
Authors: Nokele Sonayena kenneth
Published: December 2022

This paper intends to examine the context and realities of policy implementation in South Africa. This is important because South Africa has over the years crafted good policies but suffers from poor implementation. Scholars, policymakers, non-governmental organisation, and target beneficiaries have advanced various reasons contextualizing the root causes of policy failure in the South African context. Such reasons include but are not restricted to, lack of resources, lack of precision and policy design, incorrect policy instrument, lack of leadership, negligence of relevant actors, and lack of precision and clarity in the implementation stage. This paper discovered that in South Africa, there has been a particular emphasis on the delivery of services with the capacity and capabilities of national, provincial, and local government to advance service delivery, however, challenges have been encountered in the implementation processes. This article concludes that actors of public policy implementation must be seen as formal and have access to ‘implementation structures’ that they can use to advance their own “different interests; values; perceptions and policy preferences during the implementation process. This paper recommends, that the South African government should review the policy implementation strategies with clear contextual considerations to demonstrate the goals. Furthermore, the paper recommends that public policy implementation should be entrusted to suitable government departments that have the necessary administrative capacities.
Surgical management of Chondrosarcoma Rib
Authors: Mahapatra Poulomi , Meena Yamuna , Naithani Vinay
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Chondrosarcoma of a rib is a very rare malignant tumor of the bone. Most patients present with an enlarging, painful anterior chest wall tumor. CT scan with intravenous contrast is the gold standard for radiological imaging and planning for surgery. Since chondrosarcoma is less sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, surgical treatment with extensive resection with a sufficient margin is considered first line treatment. Overall survival is excellent in most surgical series from experienced centres.

Case Report:
A 37 yr old male patient presented in our outpatient department with gradually increasing swelling over left, mammary region of chest. Radiograph showed bony outgrowth on the anterolateral aspect at 4-5th rib. Surgical management done via anterolateral thoracotomy. Wide surgical resection along with chest wall repair by suturing mesh along with reinforced pectoral muscle flap was done. He was discharged with uneventful postoperative course on 10th postoperative day

Conclusion:
Radical Surgical resection of chondrosarcoma chest wall with a sufficient margin of clearance along with chest wall repair is an effective management in these patients.
Conservative Management of Gallbladder Disease in a Surgical Unit in Khartoum- Sudan
Authors: Khair Randa , Ibrahim MohamedToum , Yousif Yassir
Published: December 2022

Background
Gallbladder disease (GBD) is a common presentation to the surgical departments. Gallstone disease is more common in females with increasing age groups. It is rare in childhood with increasing incidence of diagnosing asymptomatic gallstones. Other risk factors include family history advancing sedentary lifestyle, obesity, pregnancy, drugs, etc.
Patients with GBD have variable attitudes regarding cholecystectomy as the solutions for their pain and hence the rate of cholecystectomy is variable but generally it increased after introduction of laparoscopic surgery.
Results
A total of 1795 patients representing 9.3% of the total patients presented to the surgical unit in the University of Khartoum Medical and Health Services University Hospital. Male to Female ratio is 2:13. The age is ranging between 14 to 94, mean age 46.5 (± 14.6) years. Median age is 45 years.
Most of the patients were treated conservatively; with surgery rate of only 8.0%.
Conclusion
Most of the patients respond well to conservative management. Cholecystectomy is performed in 2 among 25 patients with GBD.
Effects of Vibration Intervention on Grip Strength and Endurance Time of Young College Students
Authors: Ali Abdulelah
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND: Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) is widely regarded as signal of maximum grip strength and active muscle contraction in the forearm.
AIM: The aim of the study is to investigate the muscular performance and effects of anthropometric measurement on grip strength (GS) and endurance time (ET) of young college students before and after vibration therapy (VT) in supination forearm posture.
METHODS: A observational study design (4 days x 2 levels (before vibration exposure (BVE) and after exposure to vibration at frequency of 45 Hz, amplitude of 3g and duration of vibration exposure of 60 seconds) x 24 subjects) was used in this study. Changes due to intervention were assessed by measuring GS and ET at 50% MVC (before and after vibration training).
RESULTS: MANCOVA results showed vibration training frequency and training days significantly affect the GS (p<0.001) and ET (p<0.05). Compared with day 1 before vibration exposure (BVE) and day 4 after 45 Hz vibration training, MVC grip strength increased by 53.1% and endurance time increased by 37.07%. The Pearson correlation test showed that frequency of VT and days of exposure were not significantly associated with endurance time and grip strength.
CONCLUSIONS: Results showed a significant increase in GS and ET relative to VT frequency and training days. In addition, body weight and PL were the most important factors affecting ET, and palm circumference and forearm circumference are the most important factors affecting grip strength.
COVID-19 Vaccinations: Medical, Ethical and Legal Aspects
Authors: Alazzam Farouq , Shakatreh Hisham , Gharaibeh Zaid , Aldrou Khaled , Alkhatib Ahed
Published: December 2022

Background: Following the consideration of COVID-19 as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), developing new vaccinations against COVID-19 was the dream of humanity. Leading companies competed to achieve this task. Several vaccinations have been developed relatively quickly. Objective: The aim of the present study was to review the literature regarding medical, ethical, and legal aspects of COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: Literature was reviewed regarding various issues of COVID-19 vaccinations. Results and Discussion: The main findings showed that a dilemma exists in literature regarding the ethics in general in keeping the rights of individuals to retain their rights to receive the vaccine and considering receiving the vaccination as compulsory. Conclusion: As the disease has become pandemic with high mortality rates, keeping the safety of the community has received the priority on individual rights, and many countries considered compulsory vaccinations.
Effectiveness and safety of amitriptyline, duloxetine, and pregabalin in painful diabetic neuropathy: An observational study
Authors: Sumedhan Suji , Wilson Vinu , P Manoj , N Rajamony
Published: December 2022

Background: Studies comparing the real-world effectiveness, safety, and effect on quality of life (QoL) of drugs for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are scarce.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare effectiveness, safety and effect on QoL of amitriptyline (AMY), duloxetine (DUL) and pregabalin (PGN) in DPN.

Materials and Methods: After ethics committee approval and informed consent, 75 outpatients (25 each) prescribed any one of above drugs were consecutively recruited in a prospective and observational study. Drug effectiveness was assessed by comparing difference in mean monthly visual analogue scale (VAS) score from baseline, obtained from pain diary. QoL was assessed by comparing total and domain-wise score on Nottingham health profile (NHP) questionnaire. Safety was assessed by comparing frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Qualitative and quantitative outcome measures were compared using Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance, respectively. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The difference in mean monthly VAS scores at the end of 4, 8, and 12 weeks was similar between the three drugs. Patients on PGN had smaller beneficial effects in total as well as emotional, energy, and sleep domains of NHP compared to other drugs. Sedation and dizziness occurred with all drugs but PGN had least incidence of sedation.

Conclusion: AMY, DUL and PGN are equally effective and safe in DPN. Although PGN did not improve QoL unlike AMY and DUL, it had lower incidence of sedation.
An ethnobotanical survey of the Savanna: (1) General introduction
Authors: Dukku Usman
Published: December 2022

This paper, the first in the series, reviews the importance of plants as a source of medicine and other products to mankind. It discusses the use of plants and their products by humans (ethnobotany) from ancient times to the present. These products include food, fibre, cosmetics, poisons and medicine. It also paves the way for specialised studies, aimed at documenting indigenous knowledge, on the ethnobotany of specific communities living in the savanna.
Teacher Use of School Connectedness Strategies With Underrepresented Youth in a Low-Income Middle School
Authors: Tyndall Deborah E. , Pestaner Mitzi C. , Powell Shannon B. , Lewis Travis E. , Melendez Carlos R.
Published: December 2022

Adolescents in low-income and rural communities are at a higher risk for mental health concerns. This study used a mixed-methods, community-based participatory research design to examine teachers’ experiences managing students with emotional and mental health needs in a low-income middle school serving underrepresented youth. Barriers to connecting positively with students included disruptive student behaviors, a lack of student interest, and an emphasis on accountability measures for academic achievement. Three themes emerged: (a) disruptive student behavior resulted in a whack-a-mole approach to managing emotional health needs; (b) learning was often put on the back burner as teachers attempted Maslow before Bloom; and (c) a lack of training and limited time to connect positively with students contributed to missed connections. Findings from this study indicate that additional resources and staff training are needed to help rural, low-income schools support students who have emotional and mental health needs.
COVID-19 KRİZİNİN ULUSLARARASI PORTFÖY YATIRIMLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: ATICI USTALAR Sinem
Published: December 2022

Uluslararası portföy yatırımlarının yapısı yatırımcıların riskten kaçınma güdülerine bağlıdır. COVID-19 küresel krizi küresel riskin dünya ekonomisinde daha önce görülmemiş seviyelerde yükselmesine ve yatırımcıların riskten kaçınma güdülerinin artmasına neden olmuştur. Yatırımcının riskten kaçınma güdüsü yatırım yapacağı finansal piyasa hakkındaki bilgisinden bağımsız değildir. Bu nedenle bilgi maliyetlerinin finansal varlık getirilerinin riski üzerindeki etkisi dikkate alındığında, COVID-19 krizinde ülkeler arasındaki portföy yatırımları üzerindeki etkisinin farklılaşacağı beklenebilir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 krizinin bilgi maliyetleri kanalı aracılığıyla karşılıklı portföy yatırımları üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Analiz coğrafi ve kültürel yakınlık gibi bilgi maliyetlerinin etkisini kontrol eden finansal çekim modeli ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Model 120 ülkenin karşılıklı portföy yatırımları için 2010-2020 yılları itibariyle EKK ve PPML tahmincileri ile sınanmıştır. Ampirik finansal çekim modeli sonuçları, coğrafi ve kültürel yakınlık ile temsil edilen bilgi maliyetlerinin etkilerinin uluslararası portföy yatırımları üzerindeki etkisinin COVID-19 krizi süresince de önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Yatırımcılar COVID-19 krizi döneminde, bilgi maliyetleri düşük olsa bile kendilerine coğrafi ve kültürel olarak daha uzak olan ülkelerin finansal varlıklarını tercih etmektedir.
The Impact of Digital Finance on Total Factor Productivity of Enterprises
Authors: Xu Xinyu
Published: December 2022

As a new financial service mode integrating traditional finance and technology, digital finance has an important impact on the high-quality development of micro enterprises. Based on the relevant data of China's A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2019, this paper empirically tests the impact of digital finance on total factor productivity. The research finds that: (1) Digital finance is significantly positively correlated with total factor productivity of enterprises, that is, digital finance can improve total factor productivity of enterprises; (2) The mechanism test shows that the development of digital finance can effectively reduce the degree of financial mismatch and promote technological innovation of enterprises, so as to improve the total factor productivity of enterprises; (3) After analyzing the heterogeneity of individual characteristics of enterprises, it is found that when enterprises are under low government control, high financing constraints, and enterprises are high-tech enterprises, the role of digital finance in promoting total factor productivity of enterprises will be more significant. The research conclusion provides a certain reference basis for improving the quality and efficiency of financial services in the real economy, total factor productivity of enterprises and promoting the high-quality development of China's economy.
Characteristic Evolution of Inter-Industry Liquidity Spillover Effect in China's Stock Market -- An Analysis based on Complex Network
Authors: Li Siwen , Zhao Yiquan , Feng Haoyuan , Lu Yaqiang , Dai Xueliang
Published: December 2022

In recent years, the liquidity risk of China's stock market occurs frequently and spreads among different industries. The study of liquidity spillover is of great significance to prevent systematic financial risk. Based on the industry transaction data of China's stock market from 2011 to 2021, this paper calculates the market liquidity of different industry indexes, constructs Granger causality network in stages, and discusses the heterogeneity of the spillover effect of liquidity at the industry level in different economic stages. It is found that there is a significant liquidity spillover effect among industries; Compared with the stage of high leverage and loose monetary policy, under the background of stable macro leverage ratio and stable monetary policy, the liquidity spillover effect among industries will be weakened; The impact of liquidity has gradually changed from the spillover impact of traditional industries to the spillover impact of emerging industries.
Application of Business Analysis in Stock Market Forecasting -Machine Learning in Stock Market Practice
Authors: Zhang Xinyi
Published: December 2022

With the development of global economic integration, the stock market occupies an important position in the global economy. Accurately predict the stock market is of important social and economic value, the stock market has huge amounts of data sources, such data features to capture the hidden rule of the stock market, and associated accurately predict proposed the new challenge, with the vigorous development of the data mining technology and the data sample is unceasingly rich, The value of data is more fully recognized and more widely concerned, and business data analysis has been gradually applied to stock market forecasting, For example: Machine learning, data mining. This paper studies the business analysis in the era of big data, so that the stock market can get higher economic benefits. For the stock market, machine learning, statistical reasoning and other methods can be used as theoretical research, but the practical application needs to be prepared and improved according to the real market environment.
Chooser Option Pricing based on Black-Scholes Model and Monte-Carlo Simulations
Authors: Ren Shaoyi , Zhang Xinyi
Published: December 2022

Since February 2022, the intensification of the Ukrainian conflict has triggered significant impacts on financial market. Huge changes in supply and demand have led to a spike in stock volatility, which resulted in the growth in risk aversion among investors. The gold is regarded as a safe haven asset and has hedge function in the stock markets. In this study, a Monte-Carlo pricing simulation based on Black-Scholes model for chooser option was investigated using the underlying asset of gold. The gold price and volatility index were sourced from Yahoo Finance website and the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE). According to the analysis, the present value of the average return for one-month chooser option is simulated as $58.91, using the initial gold price of $1965.10 and the strike price of $1977.3. The present value of the average return for one-month chooser option is significantly higher than traditional call or put options. According to the sensitivity analysis, the return of chooser option under the pricing model adopted is not sensitive to the changes in volatility and time, which indicates that this pricing model is able to resist to risks and play a better role in a high-volatility market. These results shed light on the optimization of investment portfolio under complex situations. The utilization of a new pricing method paved a path for the research of exotic options and the state-of-art applications of them in the financial innovation procedures.
The Social, Economic, and Political Impacts of Offshore Outsourcing on the Companies and Developing Countries
Authors: Cui Yingxin
Published: December 2022

With the changes in the industrial era and the transformation of global trade, offshore outsourcing as a new business model was born. In developed countries, offshore outsourcing can be traced back to the 1960s. In the 21st century, the offshore outsourcing business is gradually expanding and tends to spread all over the world. Offshore outsourcing enables companies and their suppliers to be widely fused into the world economy. This article aims to discuss the social, economic, and political impact of companies’ business transfer to developing countries. By combing the concept of offshore outsourcing and exploring the impact of offshore outsourcing on multinational corporations and developing countries, it is found that although it has some disadvantages, it is still a win-win strategy. Because it promotes globalization, promotes cooperation between companies and developing countries, reduces costs, accelerates industrial progress, and thus promotes the economic development of both sides.
The Industrial Structure and Operating Model of Emerging Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in China
Authors: Wang Yiyang
Published: December 2022

Electric vehicle is very important for future China car industry. This essay analysis the current electric vehicle market in China by referring real-world example and demonstrating relevant figures. Finally, the essay reaches the conclusion that there is a huge change of electric vehicle in China, the integration of upstream and midstream becomes closer, and more innovation is occurring.
Effects of Industrial Protection Policies on Firms’ Incentives and Consumer Welfare
Authors: Song Qimou , Wu Ben
Published: December 2022

Industrial protection policies have been widely implemented to protect domestic firms from foreign competition. This project specifically focused on examining the effects of the Domestic Movie Protection Month Policy that started in China in 2014. First, I demonstrated the existence of this policy by measuring the obvious delay of foreign movies during the summer (July and August) after 2014. Second, I compared the quality of domestic movies released during the summer (treatment group) with movies released at other times of the year (control group) to evaluate the effect of the policy. Two proxies for movie quality and consumer welfare were constructed for robustness checks: (1) Douban rating, which is the general rating of the entire population of the audience on Douban website, the biggest movie rating website in China; (2) Welfare Index which is based on the sentiment analysis constructed by the NLP (Natural Language Processing) of around 70,000 consumers’ comments. The final result showed that the Douban rating and Welfare Index were both significantly higher for domestic movies released during the summer after 2014 than before 2014, while the quality of movies in the control group remained unchanged. This finding supports the hypothesis that domestic firms will have more incentives to invest in quality upgrading if the industrial protection policy is implemented. This conclusion also adds to the recent heated discussions on whether policymakers shall continue to implement industrial protection policy not only in the movie industry but also in other industries that face severe foreign competition.
Options Pricing Comparison between the Black-Scholes Model and the Binomial Tree Model: A Case Study of American Equity Option and European-style Index Option
Authors: Wu Yawei
Published: December 2022

In recent years, quantitative researchers used a wide range of models to price options, from the Black-Scholes model to more complex models such as the Heston model. This paper aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Black-Scholes model and the Binomial Tree model by using them to price Berkshire Hathaway’s equity options and European-style S&P 100 index options. The method used in this paper is gathering the market data of the options first. Second, using the data gathered to price the options by applying the Black-Scholes and Binomial Tree models. Third, comparing the derived theoretical price with the market price by getting the Sum of Square Errors. Lastly, determining the best model for each type of option. Through this research, the author found that comparing the two models, the Binomial Tree model derives a smaller Sum of Square Errors when pricing European-style index options, and the Black-Scholes model derives a smaller Sum of Square Errors when pricing American equity options. Thus, the Binomial Tree model is a better model to price European-style index options, and the Black-Scholes model is more effective when pricing American equity options.
Economic Significance of Arbitrage Transactions in the Tesla Industry
Authors: Feng Yuqin
Published: December 2022

Arbitrage transactions have played a significant role in allowing Tesla to exploit the minor differences in price between its similar and identical assets in two or more markets. In this case, as an arbitrage trader, Tesla undertakes the responsibility of purchasing assets in one market and selling them out at the same period to pocket any differences between the two prices. In this paper, there are two main parts of arbitrage transactions. The first part is three methods that can be utilized to analyze the options prices. These methods are linear regression and random Walk Theory, and Black Scholes. Their functionalities, influences, and theory are demonstrated in this paper. When using Black Scholes to calculate desired options prices and figure it in linear regression, assuming time to the expiration date, volatility, and risk-free rate are the same. The estimated trend and outcome are stated and described in this paper. The second part is about arbitrage transactions based on option prices. The circumstances of arbitrage transactions used by Tesla are analyzed and the utilized method called fundraising is demonstrated, and its functionality is analyzed with data and facts to prove the significance of arbitrage transactions. The paper also points out it is possible to use black scholes to estimate option prices in linear regression graphs and random walk theory. Call and put options prices are related to stock prices. They all shared a similar trend when time flows. The true value of this research is that people do not need to simply use a single method to estimate values, but to combine them, use them together to better understand the estimation of prices.
Yield and Volatility of Air Transport Industry under Rapidly Changes in Crude Oil Prices: Evidence from Time-series Model
Authors: Xie Jiakang
Published: December 2022

The tense atmosphere of energy supply in the international market is gradually strengthened, and with the continuous development of the conflict, the Western countries continue to strengthen the sanctions, which makes it difficult to eliminate the impact of oil in a short time. Based on WTI crude oil price, Brent crude oil price, and the stock price closing price of air transport industry, this paper establishes VAR model and ARMA-GARCH model through empirical analysis to analyze the impact of the Russian-Ukraine conflict and oil price changes on air transport industry. The empirical results show that the increase of WTI crude oil price has a significant negative impact on the return rate of air transport industry, Brent crude oil price has no similar effect. Further research shows that the change of crude oil price has a significant positive impact on the volatility of air transport industry. This paper provides evidence for the economic results caused by changes in oil prices.
International Capital Flows, Dynamic Changes in Cryptocurrency and Noble Metal Markets
Authors: Sun Ruize
Published: December 2022

In 2022, with the implementation of tightening monetary policies by FOMC, US dollar is experiencing a dramatic appreciation in a very short period. Though numerous studies have demonstrated the connection between the traditional currency market, cryptocurrency market, and precious metal market, rare studies are exploring the relationships between the three markets under a special political environment. This paper selects USDCNY exchange rate, gold and silver, and bitcoin as the representatives of three markets and then tests the volatility response of return on gold & silver and return on bitcoin to the change of return on USDCNY exchange rate. By employing impulse response function and ARMA-GARCHX model, the paper verifies the change of exchange rate will exacerbate the volatility of returns on gold & silver and bitcoin significantly, which suggests high risk and uncertainty of the cryptocurrency market and precious metal market in a complex and extreme political environment. Investors and speculators should take prudent investment strategies in such environment.
The yield and volatility of automobile industry under the rapid changes in crude oil prices
Authors: Xiang Shang
Published: December 2022

The increasing conflict between Russia and Ukraine since February 2022 has had a significant effect on the world's political and economic condition. In the early days of the conflict, crude oil prices were subject to extreme swings. The auto industry is impacted as it is a part of the macroeconomy and is closely linked to the oil sector. This essay intends to investigate how changes in crude oil prices brought on by the war between Russia and Ukraine affect both the traditional and the new energy auto industries. The modeling, analysis, and probable explanation of the fall in new energy vehicle stock returns brought on by the rise in crude oil prices, which is contrary to economic intuition, are the research contributions of this work.
Research on the Existing Problems and Optimization Strategies of Nike sports Goods Brand Marketing
Authors: Kang Jiaqi
Published: December 2022

Nike is a well-known sports brand globally; It not only includes clothes and shoes but also creates a lot of sports goods. Nike’s performance in the Chinese market in recent years is not very good, and other established overseas sports brands have also suffered setbacks in the Chinese market. Nike, for example, reported annual revenue from Greater China of $7.547 billion in 2022, down 9% from a year earlier. It’s not just Nike. Adidas reported its Q2 2022 financial results on August 4, 2022, with a net profit of 3.09 euros, down 24.2% from a year earlier. Based on Nike’s major marketing strategies in China from 2019 to 2022, this paper discusses the changes Nike can make in its sales strategies in the future and analyzes the Chinese market environment to find out the opportunities, advantages, and disadvantages Nike currently has in the Chinese market. To achieve the integration of brand culture and do a good job of localized marketing, develop the sporting goods market while striving for market space for Nike.
Entertainment Industry under Normalized Covid-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Evidence Based on Time-series Model
Authors: Wu Zhixing
Published: December 2022

In January 2020, the coronavirus, known as COVID-19 launched the first strike in Wuhan China, shutting down the local economy and causing massive loss. The expeditious spread of COVID-19 then became a global epidemic. The ubiquitous virus is jeopardizing both home life and economical life. The main objective of this paper is to examine how tourism, catering, and hotel stock returns respond to the stress of the Covid-19 pandemic in Chinese market. Secondary data of 3 collective stocks as well as pandemic data for China and overseas have been collected from Choice.eastmoney.com and WHO website from 23rd January 2020 to 21st January 2021. This paper employs an ARMA model, a VAR model, and an ARMA-GARCH model for analyzing changes in market returns and volatility. This paper finds adverse effects of domestic pandemic on the three markets, with hospitality being the least affected one. Neither global nor Chinese newly confirmed cases significantly influence volatility in observed industries. The results are appliable for investors and policymakers.
Empirical Research based on the Asset Pricing Model in China's Securities Market under the COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Li Chenqi , Shi Tong , Wang Zilin
Published: December 2022

This paper explores the empirical research based on the asset pricing model in China's securities market under the COVID-19 epidemic. Capital asset pricing model, which are frequently employed in corporate finance and investment decision-making, serve as the foundation for price theory in financial markets. However, the research on asset pricing models in China is still in its infancy, and there is a lack of detailed and profound empirical studies. The COVID-19 epidemic causes some economic damage to China's securities market. Therefore, the empirical research in the era of the epidemic is necessary, and it can help investors find suitable investment portfolios. Using asset pricing models and related indicator formulas, the results of the study show that the risk of bond fonds, blend funds, and stock funds, in addition to monetary funds, increases with the arrival of COVID-19. Among them, blend funds and stock funds have better performances, but the operational risk of these three types of funds outweighs the return.