bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NOVEL APPROACH TO SCHRÖDINGER'S WAVE EQUATION: UTILIZING METRIC TENSOR IN SPHERICAL COORDINATES
Authors: Obaje Vivian O. , Koffa D. J. , Nyam G. G. , Ukewulonu K. U. , Onate C. A. , Ochala I. , Emeje K. O. , Olademeji E. O. , Aliyu N. S. , Obaje W. M. , Egbunu F. U. , Ibrahim R. A. , Oshatuyi I. I. , Ohiani A. O. , Egwuje F. D.
Published: September 2024

In quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation is fundamental for describing particle wave functions, traditionally within flat spacetime, ignoring gravitational effects. This paper introduces the Howusu Metric Tensor to extend the Schrödinger equation into spherical coordinates, accommodating gravitational fields that are regular and continuous with a reciprocal decrease at infinity. This leads to the derivation of the Riemannian Schrödinger equation, offering insights into quantum behavior in curved spacetime. Building on previous work integrating quantum mechanics with general relativity and Finsler geometry, our approach addresses the limitations in capturing gravitational subtleties. By incorporating the Howusu Metric Tensor, our model accounts for gravitational potential in spherical coordinates, providing a more precise description of quantum phenomena under gravity. The resulting Riemannian Schrödinger equation reveals new quantum behavior influenced by gravitational forces, opening new research possibilities in cosmology and astrophysics, where quantum-gravitational interactions are key. This study demonstrates the advantages of using the Howusu Metric Tensor over previous models, highlighting its potential to unify quantum mechanics with gravitational effects more coherently and comprehensively.
Smoking habits amongst teenagers and related factors in Medan- Indonesia
Authors: Harahap Mhd Abdul Rajab , Aidha Zuhrina , Ashar Yulia Khairina
Published: September 2024

Background: The patterns of cigarette consumption have been widely prevalent across different age groups in society, both among youth and adults. This is supported by data National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) data 2023 which showed that both youth and adult groups had been exposed to and exhibited behaviors indicative of cigarette smoking, although possibly at varying levels, stated that 28.62% of the population aged over 15 years had consumed cigarettes. Meanwhile, at the North Sumatra provincial level in 2023, 26.28% of the population aged over 15 years have consumed cigarettes.
Purpose: To determine smoking habits amongst teenagers and related factors in Medan
Method: This research is quantitative research with a Cross-Sectional Study approach which was conducted at PGRI 12 Medan Private High School from January 9 to February 16, 2024. The population of this study consisted of all male students, totaling 72 male teenagers. The sampling method uses a total sampling technique, where the entire population (72 students) is used as the research sample. The instrument used was a questionnaire.
Results: The findings of the study indicate that there are significant associations between smoking behavior in teenagers attending PGRI Medan Private High School and several factors. Personality traits (p=0.000), peers (p=0.000), exposure to cigarette advertising (p=0.007), and having parents who smoke (p=0.000) each exhibited strong relationships according to the results of statistical testing. Meanwhile, knowledge level (p=0.877) did not appear to correlate with teen smoking behavior at this particular school based on the analytical methods applied.
Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that there are significant associations between smoking behavior in teenagers attending PGRI Medan Private High School and several factors. Personality traits (p=0.000), peers (p=0.000), exposure to cigarette advertising (p=0.007), and having parents who smoke (p=0.000) each exhibited strong relationships according to the results of statistical testing.
Effectiveness of a combination of lemon peppermint and murottal for postoperative nausea, vomiting, and anxiety after general anesthesia
Authors: Destiana Destiana , Suharsono Suharsono , Sulistyowati Dina Indrati Dyah
Published: September 2024

Background: Nausea, vomiting, and anxiety are the most common complications after surgery with anesthesia in the first 24 hours after surgery. Handling this problem can be provided with complementary therapy in the form of lemon peppermint and murottal aromatherapy which is able to have a psychological effect on emotions, thoughts, suggest calm and reduce anxiety, and is absorbed by the central nervous system, autonomic nervous system or endocrine system. system in the brain to provide a relaxing effect.
Purpose: Explains the effectiveness of the combination of lemon peppermint and murottal aromatherapy against nausea, vomiting and anxiety in post-operative patients under general anesthesia.
Method: The research design uses a Quasi Experiment study with Pre-Post Test with Control Group Design. The sample size was 70 participants with each group consisting of 35 participants, using consecutive sampling technique. Analysis of this research data used the Repeated ANOVA test and the General Linear Model test to test differences between groups (ρ<0.05), followed by the Post-Hoc test to find out which group had the most influence.
Results: It shows that from the 2 groups, it was found that the combined intervention of lemon peppermint and murottal aromatherapy was more influential and effective in reducing nausea, vomiting and anxiety with a ρ-value of 0.000.
Conclusion: The combination of lemon peppermint and murottal aromatherapy was more effective in reducing nausea, vomiting and anxiety in post-operative patients under general anesthesia compared to other groups.
The effect of group therapy activities on social dysfunction among patients with serious mental illness
Authors: Indarna Asep Aep , Mustikasari Mustikasari , Roswendi Achmad Setya , Niman Susanti , Wisnusakti Khrisna
Published: September 2024

Background: The number of mental disorders: schizophrenia is increasing every year, social dysfunction is one of the negative behaviours of schizophrenia patients, namely: not wanting to socialize. Group activity therapy: socialization is an effort to facilitate the ability to socialize with isolated patients with social relationship problems.
Purpose: To determine the effect of group therapy activities on social dysfunction among patients with serious mental illness.
Method: The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post test approach. A sample size of 34 patients who experienced social dysfunction was taken in a way purposive sampling with criteria; adult patients and above, can read and write, patients in inpatient and rehabilitation settings, communicate well and have a nursing diagnosis of social dysfunction. The analysis used is univariate and bivariate. The statistical test used is the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: The analysis in the intervention group are available there were significant changes in signs, symptoms and social functioning (p-value 0.001), in the control group significant changes in signs, symptoms (p-value 0.001) and no significant changes in the patient's social function (p-value 0.798) before and after group activity therapy: socialization. There was no significant difference (p-value 0.336) in signs and symptoms and there was a significant difference in social function (p-value 0.001) after group activity therapy: socialization between the control and intervention groups.
Conclusion: There is an influence of group therapy activities on social dysfunction among patients with serious mental illness in rehabilitation ward at the West Java Provincial Mental Hospital.
Complementary therapy to reduce pain intensity to treat chronic pain in fracture patients: A systematic review
Authors: Gunawan Gunawan , Upoyo Arif Setyo , Triyanto Endang , Ramawati Dian , Sari Yunita
Published: September 2024

Background: Patients with fractures often experience significant pain. Complementary therapies are considered helpful in reducing pain levels in those suffering from fractures. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the impact of complementary therapy on pain reduction in fracture patients.
Purpose: To  assess  the  impact  of complementary therapy affects fracture patients' levels of pain.
Method: A systematic review approach in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles were gathered from online databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, with full-text publications in English from 2012 to 2023. Among these, four were published in China and two in Iran. Quality evaluation was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Skills Program. The severity of pain in the six studies was measured using the standard Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).
Results: The review included six articles, which demonstrated that complementary therapies can reduce pain in fracture patients. Various complementary intervention techniques were utilized in the studies, including foot intervention, reflexology, auricular acupressure, and elbow intervention therapy. Before and after the interventions, the mean pain intensity scores were 5.72 ± 0.97 in the intervention group and 5.66 ± 0.92 in the control group.
Conclusion: Complementary intervention therapy can significantly reduce pain in patients with fractures. However, additional research is needed to confirm these findings and explore other complementary therapy methods.
Türkiye’de Sürdürülebilir Ekonomiye Geçişte Uygulanabilecek Para ve Kredi Politikaları
Authors: Şahin Sinan
Published: September 2024

Türkiye’nin yeşil ekonomiye geçişinin ve Paris İklim Anlaşması kapsamında vermiş olduğu taahhütleri yerine getirme sürecinin hızlandırılması için yapılmasında yarar görülen düzenlemeler ile sürdürülebilir finans çerçevesinde uygulanabilecek alternatif para ve kredi politikası önerileri çalışmamızın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Ulusal ve uluslararası düzenlemeler ile başta Avrupa Birliği olmak üzere çeşitli ülkelerde hayata geçirilen politika uygulamaları incelenmiş, Türkiye’deki yapısal ve kurumsal kısıtlar da gözetilerek sürdürülebilir bir ekonomi yaratmak için uygulamaya konulabilecek politikalar sıralanmış, politikaların başarıya ulaşabilmesi için süreç denetimi ve etki analizlerinin de düzenli bir şekilde yürütülmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Occupational Health and Safety Self-Efficacy’s Impact on The Quality of Work Life Among Teachers in Educational Organizations: A Cross-Sectional Study in Konya
Authors: Turgutlu Kemal Ferit , Yaman Sevda
Published: September 2024

Teachers' occupational health and safety (OHS) self-efficacy stands out as an important factor that can enable them to have a positive quality of work life in the work environment. The aim of this study is to systematically analyze the effect of teachers' OHS self-efficacy on the quality of work life (QWL) and to better understand this relationship. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 382 teachers in Konya province, using the Occupational Health and Safety Self-Efficacy Scale and the QWL Scale. Data were analyzed using linear regression, examining the relationship between OHS self-efficacy and QWL. Participants included 62.0% male, and 87.7% married teachers. Notably, 23.0% reported experiencing OHS issues. While no significant differences were found in work-life quality scores based on demographics, a significant decrease was observed among those facing health or safety issues. Correlation analysis revealed weak positive correlations between Occupational Health and Safety Self-Efficacy sub-factors and work-life quality. Linear regression identified Fall-Slip, General Knowledge, and Maintenance-Repair as positive predictors, and health or safety issues as a negative predictor, explaining 18.9% of work-life quality variance. This study underscores the interconnectedness of workplace safety and QWL, emphasizing the need for comprehensive OHS programs in educational institutions. Implementing these recommendations can create safer and more supportive working conditions, ultimately enhancing the QWL for teachers.
Opinions of Preschool Teachers on Climate Change
Authors: Belgrat Feyza , Başara Baydilek Nisa
Published: September 2024

Climate change is defined as alterations in climate that degrade the environment on a global scale due to human activities, in addition to natural climate changes that occur over similar time periods. Since the consequences of global climate change are being felt more and more each day, this research aims to determine the opinions of pre-school education teachers working at the first stage of education regarding climate change. The research was conducted as a case study, one of the qualitative research methods that allows in-depth description and examination of a limited system. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six preschool teachers. In the interview form, under the title 'Climate Change,' there are sections for causes, precautions, and comments on a related movie. As a result, teachers generally touched upon global warming and human activities regarding the cause and outcome of climate change and the precautions that can be taken. They emphasized that climate change awareness should be fostered during the preschool years.. In line with these results, suggestions have been made about what can be done in the preschool period in order to increase awareness about climate change.
EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL: SUCCESS OR FAILURE?
Authors:   University of Trnava, Lazorčáková Timea
Published: September 2024

The European Union has set an ambitious goal to reduce emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels and to achieve a climate-neutral continent by 2050. This goal seems too ambitious and it is unlikely that it will be realistically fulfilled. At the level of the European Union, several legally binding acts are being adopted in the area of air, water or soil and agriculture, with the aim of setting harmonized rules in all member states. At the same time, there is a revision of several existing legal acts. However, such a procedure represents only one part of the goal. The second, more important one, lies in the willingness of states to properly transpose and apply European rules at the national levels. In the last 8 years, the European Commission has started more than 2,800 infringements in relation to member states due to incomplete or incorrect transposition or bad application practices related to the limits and rules set by European directives in the environment. Member States have a problem to fulfill their obligations and I think that this problem will continue in the future, despite all the efforts of the European Union to achieve the goals set through the European Green Deal. With the work presented, I want to point out the shortcomings and complications which arise in connection with the fulfillment of goals at the level of the European Union in the area of the environment.
El proceso de licenciamiento institucional y la mejora de la investigación científica en la educación superior
Authors: Gómez Méndez Julio , Prado Palomino Jorge Alberto , Enciso Huillca Edwar Rafael , Tenorio Alanya Franz Martin , Pozo Curo Carlos
Published: September 2024

The objective of this research was to analyze the existing literature regarding the institutional licensing process and the improvement of scientific research, whose setting was the Peruvian territory. For this reason, the PRISMA systematic review method was developed, selecting 20 studies that were developed during the years 2019 and 2023, which must have met criteria according to the Higher Education scenario. Information was collected from searching three reliability databases: ERIC, Scopus and SciELO. The results of the systematic review have highlighted the transcendental importance that institutional licensing has in the field of higher education, marking a clear guideline towards raising educational quality. The conclusion derived from this study emphasizes the cardinal relevance of institutional licensing as a pillar for educational improvement; However, a notable deficiency is identified in the volume of academic research carried out, which is presented as a significant obstacle that needs to be addressed. The proposed solution involves strengthening and investing in research culture, placing special emphasis on the leading role of students in the process of generating and disseminating scientific knowledge.
Estrés, ansiedad y depresión como factores asociados a la procrastinación académica en estudiantes universitarios peruanos
Authors: Tantalean-Terrones Lizley Janne , Del Rosario Pacherres Orlando , Aguirre Morales Marivel Teresa , Livia Segovia José Héctor , Franco Mendoza Josué Michael
Published: September 2024

The influence of stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD) on academic procrastination (AP) in the context of COVID-19 was analyzed; a predictive study in 1069 Peruvian students aged 18 to 25 from a public university recruited by non-probabilistic sampling and assessed using the Academic Procrastination Scale and the DASS-21 Scale. The results reflect significant differences in academic procrastination in favor of non-scholarship holders; likewise, for stress, anxiety, and depression in favor of: a) women, b) non-scholarship holders, c) without COVID-19 infection, and d) with family losses due to COVID-19; likewise, a positive correlation between AP and SAD (with emphasis on depression); this correlation is strengthened in the network analysis for the scholarship holder condition. Finally, regarding the analysis of structural equations: anxiety and stress are related at 0.83; both variables explain depression at 63%. On the other hand, depression is presented as a cause of PA at 0.41 and this model has an explanatory value of 17% (with adjustment indices of CMIN/df = 0.305, CFI = 1.000, SRMR = 0.006, RMSEA = 0.000 and PClose = 0.974). The study reflects the predictive capacity of the E-A-D in the behavior of higher education students regarding their academic responsibility.
Recyclable Polymeric Cable Insulation Materials: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Deb Ankita , Naskar Moumita
Published: September 2024

Global consumption of electrical cables continues to grow with increasing electrification and infrastructure projects. Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE) has been used as a traditional non-recyclable insulating material for cable insulation for many years due to its good dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties and economic viability. The volume of waste generated increases daily due to XLPE, which contributes to growing landfill sites. Recyclable insulation of electric cables is significant in promoting environmental sustainability and resource efficiency, akin to substantial advantages over XLPE. Additionally, recyclable materials help conserve non-renewable petroleum resources. This review article presents an overview of recyclable polymeric insulation materials that can be an alternative solution to XLPE. Recyclable polymeric materials like Polypropylene (PP), Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), and polyolefins are briefly discussed in this paper. PP and its blend composites and test results of electrical and mechanical properties are further explained.
1D analytic and numerical analysis of the depth response filter and semi-infinite limit of thin film heat transfer gauges
Authors:   University of Oxford, Baker Mark , Rosic Budimir ,   University of Oxford
Published: September 2024

The impulse response method is widely used for heat transfer analysis in turbomachinery applications. Traditionally, the 1D method assumes linear time invariant, isotropic, semi-infinite material, which constrains the analysis to short duration tests. Known as the semi-infinite limit, this constraint is arbitrarily approximated by the simple unit step solution, misrepresenting the actual duration over which the analysis is considered reliable. This paper evaluates the true limit and demonstrates the error associated with unit step approximation. A novel impulse response depth filter is defined, enabling robust definition of the permitted test duration via direct simulation of the subsurface heat flux. Additionally, an inverse depth filter is presented for impulse response post-processing of embedded thermal measurements, inferring the exposed surface heat flux from a subsurface reference. This new technique extends the capability of thin film gauges for heat flux measurements in abrasive flow, utilising coverlay materials to protect the sensing element. The new depth response solutions are then combined with a Keras optimisation algorithm to solve unsteady surface heat flux. This paper defines the allowable limit for thin film gauge test duration and, together with the preceding publications, provides the necessary methodology to handle the complex case of embedded heat transfer measurements.
Numerical prediction of clocking angle variations in a low-pressure turbine
Authors:   Leibniz Universität Hannover, Soeder Tobias , Camarero Pueyo Josué-Inocente ,   Leibniz Universität Hannover, Furukawa Juo ,   IHI Corporation, Maruyama Kohei ,   IHI Corporation, Tani Naoki ,   IHI Corporation, Seume Joerg R. ,   Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wein Lars ,   Leibniz Universität Hannover
Published: September 2024

The exact prediction of clocking angle effects is important for the aerodynamic and aeroelastic design of turbomachinery. Predicting accurately the wake propagation, wake-boundary-layer interaction, and potential field effect remains a challenge for eddy-viscosity-based turbulence-models and transition-models, even with (U)RANS. Therefore, this paper investigates the sensitivities of the prediction towards boundary conditions. The test case is the T106A low-pressure turbine cascade with upstream and downstream moving bars. This includes different inlet turbulence intensities and clocking angles. The influence of simplifications such as modeling the fully 3D (F3D) flow as a quasi 3D flow (Q3D) combined with a linear distribution of an axial velocity density ratio (AVDR) in axial direction will be demonstrated. The k-wSST turbulence model combined with the g - Req transition model is used. Special emphasis will be put on the analysis of the suction side boundary-layer, its separation, and transitional behavior. The numerical results are compared to the experimental data of the cascade test-case. Current results indicate that Q3D models with linear approximations of AVDR effects struggle to predict the influence of the clocking angle variation on the flow. While the potential field effect from the downstream bars is well predicted with Q3D simulations, the authors show that Q3D simulations combined with the choice of AVDR influence the dynamics of the boundary-layer. Furthermore, it will be shown that the interaction between wake and boundary-layer, as well as the development of the boundary-layer are not predicted well by the current (U)RANS model for both F3D and Q3D. This requires more attention in future work.
Transient throttling and prestall disturbances: insights from scale-resolving simulations
Authors:   Technische Universität Berlin, Civinelli de Almeida Victor Bicalho , Tüzüner Ergin ,   Technische Universität Berlin, Eck Mario ,   Technische Universität Berlin, Peitsch Dieter
Published: September 2024

When approaching stall, rotating disturbances close to the blade tip clearance arise in many turbomachines. As a clear precursor to stalled operation, this regime imparts additional unsteady loading on the blades, possibly inducing noise and non-synchronous vibrations. Advancing beyond the current limited comprehension of this flow condition, this work employs full-annulus, scale-resolving simulations of a single-stage axial compressor to elucidate the initiation mechanisms of prestall disturbances and rotating stall. For that, transient throttling is implemented at the channel outlet. The numerical setup is validated by unsteady experimental results. The findings are contrasted with previous scale-resolving assessments with constant throttling levels. Testing the previously proposed hypothesis correlating time-average blockage and leading edge spillage with the onset of prestall disturbances, the present study confirms its validity under transient boundary conditions.
Lessons from the United States: Improving Accreditation and Quality Assurance in CEMAC Higher Education
Authors: Ngenge Ransom Tanyu
Published: September 2024

This study compares higher education accreditation and quality assurance systems in the United States (U.S.) and Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) countries, highlighting the potential for selective adaptation of the U.S. model to improve the CEMAC higher education landscape. A comparative policy analysis approach was used, which included legal texts, policy documents, reports, and scientific publications from CEMAC higher education organisations and subregional entities as well as U.S. government and accreditation bodies. The data reveals that the U.S. system excels in financial stability, openness, and constant quality improvement, while CEMAC countries, on the other hand, confront obstacles as a result of weak legislative frameworks, varying accrediting requirements, and limited financial resources. Higher education institutions in CEMAC could enhance their credibility and performance by adopting U.S. standards, such as expedited accreditation procedures and enhanced regulatory monitoring, while also taking into account the unique challenges of their respective countries.
Dysregulation of lysine acetylation in the pathogenesis of digestive tract cancers and its clinical applications
Authors: Li Penghui , Xue Yuan
Published: September 2024

Recent advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics have improved our understanding of lysine acetylation in proteins, including histones and non-histone proteins. Lysine acetylation, a reversible post-translational modification, is catalyzed by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs). Proteins comprising evolutionarily conserved bromodomains (BRDs) recognize these acetylated lysine residues and consequently activate transcription. Lysine acetylation regulates almost all cellular processes, including transcription, cell cycle progression, and metabolic functions. Studies have reported the aberrant expression, translocation, and mutation of genes encoding lysine acetylation regulators in various cancers, including digestive tract cancers. These dysregulated lysine acetylation regulators contribute to the pathogenesis of digestive system cancers by modulating the expression and activity of cancer-related genes or pathways. Several inhibitors targeting KATs, KDACs, and BRDs are currently in preclinical trials and have demonstrated anti-cancer effects. Digestive tract cancers, including encompass esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers, represent a group of heterogeneous malignancies. However, these cancers are typically diagnosed at an advanced stage owing to the lack of early symptoms and are consequently associated with poor 5-year survival rates. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers for early detection, as well as to accurately predict the clinical outcomes and identify effective therapeutic targets for these malignancies. Although the role of lysine acetylation in digestive tract cancers remains unclear, further analysis could improve our understanding of its role in the pathogenesis of digestive tract cancers. This review aims to summarize the implications and pathogenic mechanisms of lysine acetylation dysregulation in digestive tract cancers, as well as its potential clinical applications.
Progress in the study of the correlation between sepsis and intestinal microecology
Authors: Tao Yan-Lin , Wang Jing-Ran , Liu Miao , Liu Ya-Nan , Zhang Jin-Qiu , Zhou Yi-Jing , Li Shao-wei , Zhu Shu-Fen
Published: September 2024

Sepsis, a disease with high incidence, mortality, and treatment costs, has a complex interaction with the gut microbiota. With advances in high-throughput sequencing technology, the relationship between sepsis and intestinal dysbiosis has become a new research focus. However, owing to the intricate interplay between critical illness and clinical interventions, it is challenging to establish a causal relationship between sepsis and intestinal microbiota imbalance. In this review, the correlation between intestinal microecology and sepsis was summarized, and new therapies for sepsis intervention based on microecological target therapy were proposed, and the shortcomings of bacterial selection and application timing in clinical practice were addressed. In conclusion, current studies on metabolomics, genomics and other aspects aimed at continuously discovering potential probiotics are all providing theoretical basis for restoring intestinal flora homeostasis for subsequent treatment of sepsis.
The gut microbiota: emerging biomarkers and potential treatments for infertility-related diseases
Authors: Wang Min , Zheng Lian-Wen , Ma Shuai , Zhao Dong-Hai , Xu Ying
Published: September 2024

Infertility is a disease of impaired fertility. With socioeconomic development, changes in human lifestyles, and increased environmental pollution, the problem of low human fertility has become increasingly prominent. The incidence of global infertility is increasing every year. Many factors lead to infertility, and common female factors include tubal factors, ovulation disorders, endometriosis, and immune factors. The gut microbiota is involved in many physiological processes, such as nutrient absorption, intestinal mucosal growth, glycolipid metabolism, and immune system regulation. An altered gut flora is associated with female infertility disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis (EMs), and premature ovarian failure (POF). Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota directly or indirectly contributes to the development of female infertility disorders, which also affect the homeostasis of the gut microbiota. Identifying the etiology and pathogenesis of infertility in patients is the focus of reproductive medicine physicians. We studied the developmental mechanism between the gut microbiota and PCOS, EMs, and POF from a new perspective, providing new ideas for diagnosing and treating female infertility diseases and specific reference values for eugenics.
Bone health in transgender assigned female at birth people: effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy and gonadectomy
Authors: Sanna Elena , Lami Alessandra , Giacomelli Giulia , Alvisi Stefania , Paccapelo Alexandro , Seracchioli Renato , Meriggiola Maria Cristina
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) and gender-affirming surgery (GAS) may be desired by transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals who want to affirm their gender identity. Testosterone is the basis of GAHT for transgender individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB), whereas GAS can involve hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, bilateral oophorectomy (BO), thorax masculinization, and phalloplasty. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of GAHT on the bone health of TGD AFAB individuals who have undergone or not undergone BO.

Methods

This was a single-center, longitudinal study with retrospectively collected data. TGD AFAB GAHT-naïve individuals were enrolled and underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and laboratory tests (hormonal and bone metabolism parameters) at baseline and after 5 and 10 years of GAHT.

Results

Two hundred and forty-three TGD AFAB people were included in this study. Seventy-five subjects had completed data for 5 years and 19 subjects for 10 years of GAHT. At baseline, low bone density (Z-score < –2.0) was found in 2.5% (6/243) of subjects for lumbar spine (LS), whereas total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) Z-scores and laboratory tests were within the normal female range. After stratifying by physical activity, the physically active group showed significantly higher LS BMD and Z-scores (p ≤ 0.05). Five years after the start of GAHT, a significant reduction in LS (p ≤ 0.05), TH (p ≤ 0.001), and FN (p ≤ 0.01) Z-scores was detected. A significant reduction in the Z-scores of all three bone sites was observed only in the subgroup that had undergone BO. After 5 years of GAHT, estradiol levels were significantly decreased compared to those in baseline (p ≤ 0.001). Significantly higher estradiol levels were detected in the 5-year no-BO subgroup compared to those in the 5-year BO subgroup (p ≤ 0.001). A significant reduction in LS and TH Z-scores were observed after 10 years of GAHT. At this time, estradiol levels were significantly decreased compared to those in baseline (p ≤ 0.01).

Conclusion

Bone density in TGD AFAB individuals is comparable to that in their peers prior to GAHT and BO, but those subjects who underwent BO had a reduced Z-score at LS, FN, and TH after 5 years and at LS after 10 years of GAHT.
Genetic etiology of autism spectrum disorder in the African population: a scoping review
Authors: Hakizimana Olivier , Hitayezu Janvier , Uyisenga Jeanne P. , Onohuean Hope , Palmeira Leonor , Bours Vincent , Alagbonsi Abdullateef Isiaka , Uwineza Annette
Published: September 2024

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) characterized by significant impairments in social, communicative, and behavioral abilities. However, only a limited number of studies address the genetic basis of ASD in the African population. This study aims to document the genes associated with ASD in Africa and the techniques used to identify them. Additionally, genes identified elsewhere but not yet in Africa are also noted.

Methods

Online databases such as Wiley Online Library, PubMed, and Africa Journal Online were used. The review was conducted using the keyword related to genetic and genomic ASD study in the African population.

Result

In this scoping review, 40 genetic studies on ASD in Africa were reviewed. The Egyptian and South African populations were the most studied, with 25 and 5 studies, respectively. Countries with fewer studies included Tunisia (4), East African countries (3), Libya (1), Nigeria (1), and Morocco (1). Some 61 genes responsible for ASD were identified in the African population: 26 were identified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method, 22 were identified using sequencing technologies, and 12 genes and one de novo chromosomal aberration were identified through other techniques. No African study identified any ASD gene with genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Notably, at least 20 ASD risk genes reported in non-African countries were yet to be confirmed in Africa’s population.

Conclusion

There are insufficient genetic studies on ASD in the African population, with sample size being a major limitation in most genetic association studies, leading to inconclusive results. Thus, there is a need to conduct more studies with large sample sizes to identify other genes associated with ASD in Africa’s population using high-throughput sequencing technology.
Research on carbon sink prices in China’s marine fisheries: an analysis based on transcendental logarithmic production function model from 1979 to 2022
Authors: Chai Yuan , Wei Jipeng , Wang Jing , Guo Weichen , Yu Yingbo , Zhang Xiaoli
Published: September 2024

Enhancing marine carbon sequestration through nearshore aquaculture is a novel scientific approach to addressing global climate change and facilitating low-carbon development. Scientifically estimating the quantity and price of China’s marine fisheries carbon sinks provides a crucial foundation for promoting marine carbon trading. In this article, firstly, the long-term carbon storage capacity of China’s marine carbon sequestration fishery available from 1979 to 2022 for carbon trading is calculated. And then a transcendental logarithmic production function model incorporating ridge regression analysis, and an accounting equation for estimating the shadow price of China’s marine fisheries carbon sequestration are established. Simultaneously, the distortion level of China’s marine fisheries carbon sequestration prices from 2015 to 2022 is measured, and the reasons and economic effects of the distortion in prices are analyzed. The research results show that: 1) The capacity of a net carbon sequestration in China’s marine carbon sequestration fishery for carbon trading, ranged from 78,869.01 tons in 1979 to 1,232,762.27 tons in 2022, with an average annual capacity of 592,472.07 tons and an average annual growth rate of 7.48%; 2) The price of China’s marine fisheries carbon sinks increased from 39.46 CNY in 1979 to 375.96 CNY in 2022, with an average annual growth rate of 6.00%. The average annual price was 167.87 CNY; 3) There were varying degrees of distortion in China’s marine fisheries carbon sequestration prices from 2015 to 2022, which decreased annually with the construction of China’s own carbon trading market and the practice of trading. To realize the value of marine fisheries carbon sequestration, it is necessary to actively promote the development of voluntary emission reduction markets, develop carbon trading futures markets, and strengthen the dynamic monitoring system for resources.
Probiotics application in aquaculture: its potential effects, current status in China and future prospects
Authors: Rahayu Silvana , Amoah Kwaku , Huang Yu , Cai Jia , Wang Bei , Shija Vicent Michael , Jin Xiao , Anokyewaa Melody Abena , Jiang Mouyan
Published: September 2024

Today’s increasing demand for aquaculture production is accompanied by various challenges such as diseases, broodstock improvement, domestication, development of suitable pellets and feeding methods, hatchery technology, and water quality management. Thus, probiotic usage has been reported as the ideal alternative to antibiotics, other chemotherapeutics, and additional supplements to other alternative ingredients. The main beneficial roles of probiotics include the enhancement of disease and stress resistance, immunity, promotion of growth and reproduction, improvement of digestion, provide several nutrients, and enhancement of water microbial composition. To guarantee safety, the probiotics provided must be non-invasive and non-pathogenic. The use of probiotics in aquaculture, either directly or in combination with alternative materials such as plant protein diets, vitamins, microalgae, fermented products, and so on, has been shown to improve the health and growth of aquatic animals and offer significant benefits to the sustainability of the industry. There is advocacy for a systematic approach to conducting innovative research to unearth new putative strains, which is substantial in ensuring sustainable probiotic usage and, thus, can help in the continuous development of the aquaculture industry especially in China. Some examples of the probiotics found in China are mainly photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) which are autotroph bacteria capable of photosynthesis, antagonistic bacteria (Pseudoalteromonas sp., Flavobacterium sp., Alteromonas sp., Phaeobacter sp., Bacillus sp., etc.), bacteria that contribute nutrients and enzymes during digestion (lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, etc.), bacteria that improve water quality (nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, etc.), Bdellovibrio, and other probiotics. This review also focuses on the potential use of probiotics in aquaculture, especially in China, and probiotics’ prospective future role.
Alleviating effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SDSP202418 on exercise-induced fatigue in mice
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhao Yuanji , Lei Huan
Published: September 2024

In this study, the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SDSP202418 isolated from shrimp paste on the exercise performance of fatigued mice were analyzed, and the potential action mechanism was revealed. L. rhamnosus SDSP202418 significantly improved the exhaustion time of the mice and regulated the biochemical indices (lactate dehydrogenase, nitrogen, and uric acid) of the fatigued mice to resist fatigue. L. rhamnosus SDSP202418 also upregulated the mRNA expression of slow muscle fibers and downregulated the mRNA expression of fast muscle fibers in the exercise mice by activating the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway in the fatigued mice. It also increased the contents of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH)) in the liver and muscle. These enzymes removed and repaired oxidative free radicals to achieve antifatigue. In addition, L. rhamnosus SDSP202418 can change the gut microbial structure and modulate the abundance and balance of fatigue-related gut microbiota, which in turn exerts antifatigue effects. L. rhamnosus SDSP202418 is a functional food component that relieves fatigue after exercise.
Periodontitis: etiology, conventional treatments, and emerging bacteriophage and predatory bacteria therapies
Authors: Łasica Anna , Golec Piotr , Laskus Agnieszka , Zalewska Magdalena , Gędaj Magdalena , Popowska Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Inflammatory periodontal diseases associated with the accumulation of dental biofilm, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, are very common and pose clinical problems for clinicians and patients. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease and when treated quickly and properly is completely reversible. Periodontitis is an advanced and irreversible disease of the periodontium with periods of exacerbations, progressions and remission. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that damages the tissues supporting the tooth in its socket, i.e., the gums, periodontal ligaments, root cementum and bone. Periodontal inflammation is most commonly triggered by bacteria present in excessive accumulations of dental plaque (biofilm) on tooth surfaces. This disease is driven by disproportionate host inflammatory immune responses induced by imbalance in the composition of oral bacteria and changes in their metabolic activities. This microbial dysbiosis favors the establishment of inflammatory conditions and ultimately results in the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Apart microbial shift and host inflammatory response, environmental factors and genetics are also important in etiology In addition to oral tissues destruction, periodontal diseases can also result in significant systemic complications. Conventional methods of periodontal disease treatment (improving oral hygiene, dental biofilm control, mechanical plaque removal, using local or systemic antimicrobial agents) are not fully effective. All this prompts the search for new methods of therapy. Advanced periodontitis with multiple abscesses is often treated with antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin, or combined therapy of amoxicillin with metronidazole. However, due to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, treatment does not always achieve the desired therapeutic effect. This review summarizes pathogenesis, current approaches in treatment, limitations of therapy and the current state of research on the possibility of application of bacteriophages and predatory bacteria to combat bacteria responsible for periodontitis. We present the current landscape of potential applications for alternative therapies for periodontitis based on phages and bacteria, and highlight the gaps in existing knowledge that need to be addressed before clinical trials utilizing these therapeutic strategies can be seriously considered.
The magnitude of anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women in Hawela Tula Sub-city of Hawassa, Hawassa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Sileshi , Petros Legese , Tulu Israel Alemayehu , Feleke Fentaw Wassie
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Anemia is one of the most serious health problems impacting people worldwide. The disease is quiet, moving slowly and producing only a few physical symptoms. Anemia during pregnancy raises the risk of premature birth, low birth weight, and fetal anomalies, and it can have a substantial financial impact on society and families. However, there was a paucity of studies on the magnitude and associated factors of anemia among pregnant women in southern Ethiopia.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in the Hawella Tula Sub-city of Hawassa City in 2021.

Methods

Institution-based cross-sectional study was done on 341 randomly selected pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics. Data were obtained using a standardized semi-structured questionnaire. To identify the associated factors for the magnitude of anemia logistic regression model was used with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated.

Results

The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in health facilities of Hawella Tula Sub-city was 113 (33.7%) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) (28.8, 38.9). Male-headed household (AOR = 2.217, 95% CI: 1.146, 4.286), rural resident (AOR = 3.805, 95% CI: 2.118, 6.838), early marriage below 18 years (AOR = 2.137, 95% CI: 1.193, 3.830), and recurrent of illness during pregnancy (AOR = 3.189, 95% CI: 1.405, 7.241) were associated factors for anemia.

Conclusion

Anemia prevalence among pregnant women was 113 (33.7%). Anemia among pregnant women was associated with rural residents, early marriage age below 18 years, and repeated illnesses during pregnancy.
Lipids in the tumor microenvironment: immune modulation and metastasis
Authors: Pascual Gloria , Benitah Salvador Aznar
Published: September 2024

Tumor cells can undergo metabolic adaptations that support their growth, invasion, and metastasis, such as reprogramming lipid metabolism to meet their energy demands and to promote survival in harsh microenvironmental conditions, including hypoxia and acidification. Metabolic rewiring, and especially alterations in lipid metabolism, not only fuel tumor progression but also influence immune cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to immunosuppression and immune evasion. These processes, in turn, may contribute to the metastatic spread of cancer. The diverse metabolic profiles of immune cell subsets, driven by the TME and tumor-derived signals, contribute to the complex immune landscape in tumors, affecting immune cell activation, differentiation, and effector functions. Understanding and targeting metabolic heterogeneity among immune cell subsets will be crucial for developing effective cancer immunotherapies that can overcome immune evasion mechanisms and enhance antitumor immunity.
Genetic effect of basal metabolic rate on the benign neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang Guijin , Yao Ying , Fan Lin , Li Sisi
Published: September 2024

Background

Previous studies have found an association between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and various malignant neoplasms, including bone tumors. BMR is also associated with bone mineral density, but the causality between BMR and benign neoplasms of bone and articular cartilage remains uncertain.

Design

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMR (p < 5 × 10-8) were used as instrumental variables for Mendelian randomization analysis of neoplasm risk. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary approach, with the weighted median and MR-Egger regression serving as supplements.

Results

In this MR analysis, the IVW method supported a causal relationship between BMR and benign neoplasms of bone and articular cartilage (OR = 1.417; 95% CI, 1.039 to 1.930; p = 0.027). No evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy in the selected SNPs was found in our study. Thus, based on these results, we discovered a possible causal relationship between BMR and benign neoplasms of bone and articular cartilage.

Conclusions

In this MR study, evidence suggested a genetic correlation between genetically predicted BMR and the risk of neoplasms in bone and articular cartilage.