bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of dietary olive paste flour on the performance and oxidative stress in chickens raised in field conditions
Authors: FOTOU E , MOULASIOTI V , ANGELIS I , TSIOURIS V , PATSIAS A , TELLIS C , MOUSSIS V , BOTI ME , TSOUKATOS D
Published: November 2021

Olive oil contains a variety of antioxidants, including vitamin E. Its consumption protects against oxidative stress, which is involved in many pathological conditions, affecting animals’ development and their general welfare. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of olive paste flour (OPF) on the antioxidant status and performance of broiler chickens raised in field conditions. Total of 18.000 broilers was randomly allocated in equal numbers in two poultry houses. The chickens were grouped according to their diet as follows: Control group: chickens fed commercial poultry feed, and OPF group: chickens fed control dietsin the starter period, but they got a supplement of OPF in grower, and finisher 1 and 2periods, respectively. The birds were raised under identical field conditions (ventilation, vaccination, lighting, etc.). Antioxidant status was assessed by measuring the concentration of vitamin E in plasma, as well as the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in plasma and muscle tissue. According to the statistical analysis of the results, the addition of OPF to chickens’ diet significantly enhanced plasma α-tocopherol concentration (p≤0.05). TAC did not show any significant differences in chicken plasma nor muscle tissue(p>0.05).Feed intake (FI) was higher in OPF group, while Body weight (BW) was lower. Liveability was similar for the two groups. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher, and the European production efficiency factor (EPEF) was lower in broilers of the OPF group compared to those of the control group.Samples of roasted breast from chickens of both groups were used for organoleptic characteristics evaluation. Results showed that samples of the OPF group smelled more intensely and were more tasteful than those of the control group.However, other organoleptic characteristics did not differ. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that although the addition of OPF to chickens’ diet can cause growth retardation, it can significantly increase the plasma α-tocopherol concentration. Further studies are needed to optimize the concentration of OPF in poultry feed in order to avoid growth retardation or even to promote growth in broiler chicks.
Embodying an artificial hand increases blood flow to the investigated limb
Authors: Di Pino Giovanni , Mioli Alessandro , Altamura Claudia , D'Alonzo Marco
Published: November 2021

Background: The autonomic nervous system is the main determinant of the blood flow directed towards a body part, and it is tightly connected to the representation of the body in the brain; would the experimental modulation of the sense of ownership of the limb affect its blood perfusion?

Methods: In healthy participants, we employed the rubber hand illusion paradigm to modulate limb ownership while we monitored the brachial artery blood flow and resistance of the investigated limb.

Results: In all conditions with brush-stroking, we found an initial drop in the blood flow due to tactile stimulation. Subsequently, in the illusion condition where both the rubber and real hand experience synchronous brush-stroking, the blood flow rose significantly faster and reached significantly higher values. Moreover, the increase in blood flow correlated to the embodiment level measured by questionnaires and, negatively, to the change of peripherical vascular resistance.

Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that modulating the representation of a body part impacts its blood perfusion.
Design Authorship: an intrinsic driver of designer-entrepreneurs
Authors: Valencia Aldo , Pearce Alison , Ryan Martin
Published: November 2021

This paper describes the entrepreneurial journey of product designers and the driver that makes them take an idea into the market. Following a Constructivist Grounded Theory approach, a multiple-phase data generation method explored the entrepreneurial journey of eleven designer-entrepreneurs (D-entrepreneurs). The paper describes the driver named design authorship (D-authorship) and why it is essential in the entrepreneurial journey of designers. The study identified two types of D-authorship: a) the inside-out, where D-entrepreneurs spent considerable time obtaining perfection in the product without any user feedback involved, and b) the outside-in, where D-entrepreneurs build their product as a result of a systematic user-centric approach.
On the Dose Coefficient of Uranium Hexafluoride
Authors: Babenko S. , Bad'in A.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Uranium hexafluoride (UF6, UHF) is a gaseous product containing uranium and fluorine. Once in the air, it interacts with water vapor and produces hydrolysis products that can penetrate the human body and lead to the chemical effects of uranium and fluorine, as well as the radiation effects of uranium on the body. This action can be very strong and therefore serious attention has been paid to its study for a long time.

Purpose: Quantitative calculation of the radiation effects of uranium on humans and their analysis in the conditions of daily work at nuclear power plants, as well as in emergency situations.

Material and methods: We consider uranium hexafluoride that appears under certain conditions in the air of the working rooms of some enterprises and describes methods for describing the distribution of UHF hydrolysis products to objects that can sense their effects. All these methods are combined into a single integrated model. The analytical expressions obtained in the framework of this model at various stages are given, which make it possible to calculate the radiation effect of UHF.

Results: The calculated values of the characteristics of the radiation exposure are given, their analysis is carried out. The conditions are formulated under which there is a danger of serious radiation exposure of uranium hexafluoride to employees of nuclear power plants during everyday work and in emergency situations.

Conclusion: Based on all the material presented, it is concluded that the constructed mathematical model reliably describes the event in question and allows us to calculate the radiation effect of uranium on humans.
Patientoriented Algorithm for the X-ray Therapy Cabinet of Oncology Dispensary
Authors: Zuenkova J , Kicha D. , Abramov A. , Buynova Y. , Klisova L.
Published: November 2021

Results: IIntroduction: Superficial X-ray therapy is a common treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer with a high incidence worldwide. Interrupting the course of radiation therapy can negatively affect patient survival and treatment results. Low treatment adherence may be associated with a lack of a patient-centered approach and ineffective communications. The original study shows that patients undergoing X-ray therapy for cancer may have different needs. Based on the study results an algorithm for a patient-oriented approach has been developed for the X-ray cabinets.
Purpose: To develop a patient-oriented algorithm of the X-ray therapy room to address the issues of increasing patient satisfaction and forming their adherence to treatment. The objectives of the study included studying and detailing the needs of the patients who passed the X-ray therapy and to develop the patient-oriented algorithm for the X-ray therapy room.
Material and methods: The study of the patient's values was carried out from 2019 to 2020 by interviewing using open-ended questions to find out the deep motives and beliefs of patients. The study was based on Milton Rokich’s (2005) model of value orientations, which was adapted to the objectives of the study.
Results: The study included 116 patients undergoing treatment with the X-ray therapy at the City Clinical Oncology Dispensary. As a result of the study, the following patient needs were identified: clinical outcome of the procedure 111 (96 %), safety of treatment and adverse reactions 106 (91 %), cosmetic outcome 53 (46 %), convenience of the treatment schedule 42 (36 %), painlessness of the procedure 39 (34 %), the ability to lead a normal lifestyle 27 (23 %), comfortable conditions for the procedure 16 (14 %), financial costs associated with treatment 10 (9 %), preservation of organ function 4 (3 %). On the basis of the data obtained, a patient-oriented algorithm for the X-ray therapy was developed, including a communication plan with the patient. The study results clearly demonstrate that even with the same disease and condition, patients may have different priorities hat need to be considered to improve patient experience and adherence to treatment.
Conclusion: Radiation treatment decision-making based on the patients values is important for the development of the patient-centered management in oncology since this directly affects patients’ adherence to treatment. Exploring the values and needs of patients is an opportunity to influence and improve the metrics of the patient experience. Due to the mass incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer, the introduction of patient-centered approaches is an important part of patient satisfaction and increase of patients adherence to the treatment.
Influence of Powerful Non-Ionizing Terahertz Radiation on Healthy and Tumor Human Cells of Neural Origin
Authors: Shatalova R. , Gurova S. , Revkova V. , Ilina I. , Sitnikov D.
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Study of the influence of high-power pulses of coherent non-ionizing terahertz (THz) radiation on the formation of foci of double-strand DNA breaks and the proliferative activity of human neuronal cells.

Material and methods: Irradiated cell cultures are direct reprogramming neural progenitor cells (drNPCs), neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-BE). Cells are irradiated with a sequence of THz radiation pulses with a peak intensity of ~ 20 GW/cm2 and electric field strength of 2.8 MV/cm. Irradiation lasts 30 mins.

Results: There is no statistically significant difference in the number of γH2AX histone foci between experimental and control cell groups.

Conclusion: It was shown that a short exposure (30 min) of cells to THz radiation with intensity of 20 GW/cm2 does not affect the proliferative activity of both neural progenitor cells and neuroblastoma cells and does not cause a significant increase in γH2AX foci in any of the studied cell lines.
On Good and Bad Reasons for Endorsing Mereological Hylemorphism
Authors: Franken Dirk
Published: November 2021

Hylemorphism is the view that an object’s essence is—at least in part—determined by what is called the object’s form. According to the mereological version of hylemorphism, an object’s form is also a proper part of the object alongside its physical parts. Whether there are good reasons for this assumption depends not least on the background assumptions about forms and their role in the composition of objects. In the case of contemporary mereological hylemorphists, this background is provided by what I call vertical hylemorphism. I shall first argue that, as long as vertical hylemorphism is accepted, there are no good reasons for endorsing mereologism. Then, I shall point out that there is an attractive, alternative version of hylemorphism—horizontal hylemorphism—which provides good reasons to endorse mereologism.
The Fragmentary Condition of Aesthetics at the Turn of 21st Century
Authors: Lipiński Kamil
Published: November 2021

The ‘fragmentary condition’ relates to Jena Romanticism as the point of departure to discuss how the idea of the fragment moves from classical, literary studies to contemporary art and becomes part of a broader interpretation of the 20th century fin de siècle aesthetics. The article builds on Jean-Luc Nancy’s and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe’s theoretical insights into Jena Romanticism in order to examine the unification of all genres separated from poetry to touch poetry, philosophy, rhetoric through the anecdotal and witty articulation, as well as ars combinatoria. For Romantics, the basic imperative was to educate, form their existence, that is, Bildung, in Hegelian terms, cultural education, formation, development. This literary foundation is defined by Jean-Luc Nancy as a fragmentary existence which he identifies with the fraction, fractal essence, inherent separation, disengaging. Nancy was intent on examining the emergence of various contemporary works expressing their essence in terms of breaks, incompleteness, and an autonomous role of the fragment. This classical conceptual foundation provides these key conceptual and methodological perspectives and allows for discussing the implications of the critical aesthetics of the fin de siècle for the practices of fraction, ex-peau-sition, spacing, and division in the contemporary research in art.
Assessment, treatment and new approaches to facial veins
Authors: Whiteley Mark S , Whiteley Victoria C
Published: November 2021

Patients with prominent or cosmetically embarrassing facial veins may often seek an aesthetic opinion for removal. The authors present a methodology to approach classifying facial veins by describing the veins in terms of position, colour, size and flat or bulging appearance. Tiny telangiectasia (also known as thread or spider veins) or smaller discrete blue/green or green veins are regularly treated by heat, using electrocautery, radiofrequency, intense pulsed light or extra-corporeal laser. However, the authors present the use of microphlebectomy, endovenous laser and arterial ligation for larger facial veins and arteries that are often thought to be too big or complex to treat.
Beyond technological determinism: revitalising labour process analyses of technology, capital and labour
Authors: Thompson Paul , Laaser Knut
Published: November 2021

Technological determinism is a recurrent feature in debates concerning changes in economy and work and has resurfaced sharply in the discourse around the ‘fourth industrial revolution’. While a number of authors have, in recent years, critiqued the trend, this article is distinctive in arguing that foundational labour process analysis provides the most effective source of an alternative understanding of the relations between political economy, science, technology and work relations. The article refines and reframes this analysis, through an engagement with critical commentary and research, developing the idea of a political materialist approach that can reveal the various influences on, sources of contestation and levels of strategic choices that are open to economic actors. A distinction is made between ‘first order’ choices, often about adoption at aggregate level and ‘second order’ choices mainly concerned with complex issues of deployment. This framework is then applied to the analysis of case studies of the call centre labour process and digital labour platform, functioning as illustrative scenarios. It is argued that the nature of techno-economic systems in the ‘digital era’ open up greater opportunities for contestation.
Rights without remedy: the disconnection of labour across multiple scales and domains
Authors: Tartanoglu Bennett Safak , Hammer Nikolaus , Jenkins Jean
Published: November 2021

This article examines the disconnection between promises of labour rights made at the international level and their inaccessibility to workers at the local level. Going beyond the concept of a global ‘governance gap’, it draws on a political economy perspective and focuses on the intersecting and competing roles of different forms of capital and the state, in curtailing workers’ paths to remedy in the global apparel (garment) value chain. A longitudinal case study of a campaign by Turkish garment workers, seeking remedy for lost earnings and severance payments due factory closure and wage theft, is the focus for analysis. The workplace is conceptualised as a key ‘arena of disarticulation’ in the apparel value chain, central in simultaneously embedding and dis-embedding commitments by brands, the state and employers, such that even wages for work done may be denied to workers with relative impunity. The article considers to what extent promises made in abstraction at the international level can hope to guarantee conditions at workplace level.
Workplace regimes: a sociological defence and elaboration
Authors: Wood Alex J.
Published: November 2021

This article defends and extends the concept of workplace regimes, understood as the existence of identifiable systematic patterns of managerial control. In doing so a conceptual framework is developed for explaining both patterns in control and the dynamics of workplace politics. Specifically, this article elaborates on the approach of Michael Burawoy and extends it through an engagement with Science and Technology Studies (also known as Science, Technology and Society Studies) (STS) and Economic Sociology. The core of Burawoy’s framework is identified as the use of ideal-typical ‘workplace regimes’ to represent historically distinct positions upon a continuum between legitimation and coercion. This core is defended and it is argued that granular firm-level variations in the use of legitimation and coercion would only invalidate the theory if they were to make the identification of shifts in historical tendencies at the macro level of world systems impossible. In fact, it is claimed that once fully elaborated the resultant framework is able to explain commonalities and regularities across seemingly divergent contexts as well as variations within regimes. In the course of making this argument, an important distinction, that has not previously been fully recognised, between workplace regimes and workplace politics is highlighted. Finally, the potential explanatory power of this workplace regime approach is illustrated by drawing on recent qualitative research in the retail sectors of the UK and the US.
Surveilling Amazon’s warehouse workers: racism, retaliation, and worker resistance amid the pandemic
Authors: Alimahomed-Wilson Jake , Reese Ellen
Published: November 2021

Drawing on insights from Cedric Robinson’s theory of racial capitalism, we analyse black and Latinx blue-collar warehouse workers’ concerns about health and safety in Amazon’s warehouses as well as their collective efforts to organise and improve working conditions during the pandemic. The pandemic increased the demand for home-delivered e-commerce, bringing Amazon’s (directly employed) global workforce to over 1.2 million workers and making Amazon the second largest company in the US. Amazon’s business model, particularly its Amazon Prime programme, has further driven consumer demand for expedited, free shipping. Amazon’s logistics system puts pressure on warehouse workers, who are electronically surveilled, to work very quickly, resulting in high rates of turnover and injury on the job. In the US, this workforce is not unionised and is disproportionately black and Latinx. Workers of colour are also leading workplace organising efforts in various cities in the United States. Our research combines information from in-depth interviews with current and former Amazon warehouse workers in Inland Southern California, one of the largest hubs of Amazon warehouses in the world. We also analyse interviews with leading high-profile current and former black Amazon warehouse worker activists across US cities, affiliated with the Congress of Essential Workers, Amazonians United Chicagoland, the Awood Center, and Bay Area Amazonians who have demanded improvements in their working and safety conditions and faced retaliation, disciplining and/or firing during the pandemic.
Between automation and gamification: forms of labour control on crowdwork platforms
Authors: Krzywdzinski Martin , Gerber Christine
Published: November 2021

Algorithmic management is a core concept to analyse labour control on online labour platforms. It runs the risk, however, of oversimplifying the existing variety and complexity of control forms. In order to provide a basis for further research, this article develops a typology of labour control forms within crowdwork and discusses how they influence perceptions of working conditions. It identifies the two most relevant forms of labour control in crowdwork: direct control mainly takes the form of automated output control, while indirect control aiming at creating motivation and commitment is mainly exerted through ranking and reputation systems (gamification). The article shows that these forms of control and their combination are linked with very different ways of how platform workers perceive working conditions on platforms. In addition, the analysis shows significant differences regarding the perception of working conditions between those who work on platforms in addition to a regular employment as opposed to those who are self-employed and rely more strongly, if not fully, on their income from platform work. The analysis is based on qualitative and quantitative research on crowdwork platforms. In particular, it builds on an online survey conducted with 1,131 crowdworkers active on different types of platforms.
Near ground horizontal high resolutionCn2 profiling from Shack–Hartmann slopeand scintillation data
Authors: Sauvage C. , Robert C. , Mugnier L. M. , Conan J.-M. , Cohard J.-M. , Nguyen K.-L. , Irvine M. , Lagouarde J.-P.
Published: November 2021

Coupled slope and scintillation detection and ranging (CO-SLIDAR) is a very promising technique for the metrology of near groundCn2profiles. It exploits both phase and scintillation measurements obtained with a dedicated wavefront sensor and allows profiling on the full line of sight between pupil and sources. This technique is applied to an associated instrument based on a mid-IR Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor coupled to a 0.35 m telescope, which observes two cooperative sources. This paper presents what we believe is the first comprehensive description of the CO-SLIDAR method in the context of near-ground optical turbulence metrology. It includes the presentation of the physics principles underlying the measurements of our unsupervisedCn2profile reconstruction strategy together with the error bar estimation on the reconstructed values. The application to data acquired in a heterogeneous rural landscape during an experimental campaign in Lannemezan, France, demonstrates the ability to obtain profiles with a sampling pitch of about 220 m over a 2.7 km line of sight. The retrievedCn2profiles are presented and their variability in space and time is discussed.
Analysis of pesticide residues by a support vector machine combined with fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Ji Rendong , Han Yue , Wang Xiaoyan , Bian Haiyi , Xu Jiangyu , Jiang Zhezhen , Feng Xiaotao
Published: November 2021

Pesticide residues enter a lake through the water cycle, causing harm to the water environment and human health. It is necessary to select highly sensitive fluorescence spectroscopy to detect pesticides (bifenthrin, prochloraz, and cyromazine), and a support vector machine (SVM) is used to analyze the concentration of pesticides. In addition, this paper adopts K-fold cross validation and a grid search to optimize the SVM algorithm. The performance evaluation index and running time prove the reliability of the results of this experiment. They show that fluorescence spectroscopy combined with SVM is efficient in predicting pesticide residue content.
Augmented reality registration algorithm based on T-AKAZE
features
Authors: Ji Xiu , Yang Huamin , Han Cheng , Xu Jiayu , Wang Yan
Published: November 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) registration plays a pivotal step in augmented reality (AR) systems. Traditional 3D registration methods have the disadvantages of poor accuracy and robustness. This paper proposes a novel registration method, we believe, for AR systems based on the AKAZE and Tanimoto similarity measurement method. In this paper, the image feature points are extracted and matched by combining the AKAZE algorithm and the Tanimoto similarity measurement method. Then, the camera pose is estimated by calculating the constraint relationship of the feature points. Finally, the 3D registration and real-time tracking of the virtual objects are realized by the Lucas–Kanade (LK) optical flow tracking algorithm. We use Tanimoto to determine the similarity of feature points to improve the matching accuracy of the AKAZE algorithm, and this method not only retains the advantages of strong scale adaptation but also has the advantage of high-precision matching. Experiments show that the method proposed in this paper has the benefits of high registration accuracy, low time consumption, and strong robustness. Under the premise of ensuring accuracy, when the marker is rotated or blocked, it can be accurately registered. In addition, when the external environment changes, for example, the light intensity or the size of the parallax, the registration can still be stable.
Linear scanning system for THz imaging
Authors: Shchepetilnikov A. V. , Gusikhin P. A. , Muravev V. M. , Kaysin B. D. , Tsydynzhapov G. E. , Dremin A. A. , Kukushkin I. V.
Published: November 2021

A linear scanning system utilizing constant wave 280 GHz radiation has been developed and characterized. The system comprises a linear array of detectors based on a unique plasma wave approach in terahertz sensing, an impact ionization avalanche transit-time-diode signal generator coupled to a frequency multiplier and an optical system. The performed tests allowed us to estimate the resolution of the system reaching the value of 2.3 mm and to determine the dynamic range of the system to be around 200. The imaging capabilities of the scanner were tested in realistic cases of non-destructive testing and security screening.
Enhancement of quantum correlations in a cavity–magnon system with feedback control
Authors: Qin SiYu , Xin XuanXuan , He ShiWen , Li Chong
Published: November 2021

We propose a scheme to generate and enhance the quantum correlations between two magnons separated in two microwave cavities with feedback control of the cavity field. In each cavity, the magnon is coupled to the cavity mode by magnetic dipole interaction, and the interaction between two microwave cavities is realized via linear beam splitter interaction without any nonlinear interaction in the system. We show that the quantum entanglement, as a special quantum correlation, between the two magnons is improved in the system with double-feedback control, and the entanglement is highly robust to temperature. It is always possible to optimize the entanglement by modulating the gain of the other feedback loop if the parameters of one of the feedback loops are given. Also, there is one-way steering between two magnons of the system in the presence of a single feedback loop.
Ultra-thin plasmonic detectors
Authors: Nordin Leland , Petluru Priyanka , Kamboj Abhilasha , Muhowski Aaron J. , Wasserman Daniel
Published: November 2021

Plasmonic materials, and their ability to enable strong concentration of optical fields, have offered a tantalizing foundation for the demonstration of sub-diffraction-limit photonic devices. However, practical and scalable plasmonic optoelectronics for real world applications remain elusive. In this work, we present an infrared photodetector leveraging a device architecture consisting of a “designer” epitaxial plasmonic metal integrated with a quantum-engineered detector structure, all in a mature III-V semiconductor material system. Incident light is coupled into surface plasmon-polariton modes at the detector/designer metal interface, and the strong confinement of these modes allows for a sub-diffractive (

∼

λ
0

/

33

) detector absorber layer thickness, effectively decoupling the detector’s absorption efficiency and dark current. We demonstrate high-performance detectors operating at non-cryogenic temperatures (

T

=

195

K

), without sacrificing external quantum efficiency, and superior to well-established and commercially available detectors. This work provides a practical and scalable plasmonic optoelectronic device architecture with real world mid-infrared applications.
Snapshot hyperspectral light field tomography
Authors: Cui Qi , Park Jongchan , Ma Yayao , Gao Liang
Published: November 2021

We present snapshot hyperspectral light field tomography (Hyper-LIFT), a highly efficient method in recording a 5D (x,y, spatial coordinates;θ,φ, angular coordinates;λ, wavelength) plenoptic function. Using a Dove prism array and a cylindrical lens array, we simultaneously acquire multi-angled 1Den faceprojections of the object like those in standard sparse-view computed tomography. We further disperse those projections and measure the spectra in parallel using a 2D image sensor. Within a single snapshot, the resultant system can capture a 5D data cube with270×270×4×4×360voxels. We demonstrated the performance of Hyper-LIFT in imaging spectral volumetric scenes.
Polarization-independent quadri-channel vortex beam generator based on transmissive coding metasurface
Authors: Li Weihan , Ma Qian , Tang Wenxuan , Qiu Tianshuo , Wang Jiafu , Li Yongfeng , Yan Mingbao , Iqbal Shahid , Sui Sai , Meng Yueyu , Zhu Ruichao , Qu Shaobo
Published: November 2021

In the 1990s, it was recognized that light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have benefited applications ranging from optical manipulation to quantum information processing. In recent years, attention has been directed towards the opportunities for communication systems due to the inspiring application potential in both the optical and microwave fields. In this paper, a polarization-independent quadri-channel vortex beam generator based on transmissive metasurface is proposed that can achieve selectivity of polarization, 2-bit OAM modes and spatial distribution in the quadri-channel simultaneously. The transmissive metasurface consists of four metallic layers and three dielectric layers and is designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated to generate multi-mode and dual-polarization OAM vortex beams at 10.0 GHz. Orthogonal polarization and 2-bit information are carried by OAM modes +1, −1 + 2 and −2 and a different phase gradient is superimposed at each channel to realize beam steering, ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the information. The simulation and experimental results verify that the vortex beams with different OAM modes in dual polarizations can be flexibly generated by using transmissive metasurfaces. The proposed method and metasurface pave a way to add extra channels to create an additional set of data carriers for space-division multiplexing (SDM).
Exploring the impact of narrowing urban-rural income gap on carbon emission reduction and pollution control
Authors: Wang Lujing , Zhang Ming
Published: November 2021

Over the past four decades, China have experienced rapid economic growth but also a widening urban-rural income gap and deteriorating air quality. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2017, this paper investigates the effect of narrowing the urban-rural income gap on carbon emission reduction and pollution control by using OLS method. The empirical results indicate that: the narrowing of the urban-rural income gap has a positive impact on pollution control, while there are regional differences in the impact on carbon emission reduction. In the perspective of the whole country and central and western regions, the narrowing of the urban-rural income gap is conducive to carbon emission reduction. However, the narrowing of the urban-rural income gap increases carbon emissions in the eastern regions where economic development is at high level. This paper provides a theoretical basis and policy reference for promoting urban-rural integration and construction of ecological civilization.
Just dancing with ideology? The role of dramaturgs within the socialist mode of children’s film development
Authors: Ebert Steffi
Published: November 2021

The dramaturgs of the Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft (DEFA), the GDR’s state-owned film production company, played a particular role in socialist children’s film culture. Within the production process, they acted as important mediators as well as developed themes and defended them before the state film censors. In this article, I argue that screenwriting for children and the changing role of the dramaturg were remarkable inasmuch as the creative collaboration between authors, dramaturgs and directors became a collective process of navigating between politics, education, film and the young audience that can reasonably be described as ‘collective authorship’. First, I will show how DEFA children’s film production was an example of the ‘state-socialist mode of children’s film production’ and examine Szczepanik’s model in the light of the current question. Following this, I will examine the structural and practical development of children’s film production in view of both official images of the child and the images of children anticipated by the filmmakers. At the same time, I will discuss the role of dramaturgs as participants in a collective authorship process.
Fear and wonderment in a limitless world: Learning to write from a child’s point of view
Authors: Deese Frank
Published: November 2021

During my 25 years working as a screenwriter in Los Angeles, I developed a reputation as a writer who could craft vivid and believable scripts about young people. Initially, this was based on my teleplay for the first episode of Steven Spielberg’s Amazing Stories series, and later for the semi-autobiographical Josh and S.A.M. released by Columbia Pictures. I also wrote uncredited revisions of DreamWorks’s Small Soldiers and Castle Rock’s Alaska, both involving prominent child characters. I have to confess that my reputation for writing content for children and adolescents realistically did not stem from any natural ability. It came from mining my personal childhood memories, and from studying movies and literature I felt authentically captured what it is like to be new in the world. This text explores my journey writing from a child’s perspective.
‘Do animals talk in this dimension? ’Cos I don’t wanna freak anyone out’: Writing for children’s animation
Authors: Wells Paul
Published: November 2021

This article discusses a series of screenwriting for animation workshops dedicated to writing for children, using the specific characteristics of the animated form, and seeking to identify the particularity of creating material for a children’s audience. The discussion explores different approaches for children of a variety of ages, cultural backgrounds and national contexts. It takes into account global theories of child welfare and the needs of practitioners in speaking to issues of child development and social and educational sensitivities.
The Science of Writing Characters, Kira-Anne Pelican (2020)
Authors: Gulino Paul
Published: November 2021

Review of: The Science of Writing Characters, Kira-Anne Pelican (2020)

New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 200 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-50135-724-4, p/bk, $26.95; h/bk, $90.00; Kindle, $24.25
Atención farmacéutica en probióticos y estimulación inmunitaria en una oficina de farmacia de Salamanca durante los meses de septiembre a enero de 2020
Authors: Rodríguez Isabel , Martín Crisanto
Published: November 2021

El sistema inmune y la microbiota constituyen la primera línea de defensa del organismo contra patógenos, por lo que su buen funcionamiento es esencial para nuestra salud.

La microbiota es el conjunto de los numerosos microorganismos que residen en nuestro organismo, y cuando esta se ve alterada se pueden desarrollar diversas patologías. Por ello, los probióticos, prebióticos y simbióticos tienen un papel muy importante como tratamiento preventivo o como coadyuvante ayudando a reequilibrar nuestra microbiota, además de poseer un destacable efecto inmunomodulador.

Para recomendar o consumir un producto probiótico de forma adecuada debemos tener en cuenta la cepa y la dosis para cada patología a tratar, ya que, de lo contrario, la eficacia podría no ser la esperada.

En este estudio se tratará de comprobar el conocimiento y el uso de los probióticos en la población de una farmacia comunitaria, verificar su eficacia y detectar posibles efectos adversos, además de fomentar la educación sanitaria por parte del farmacéutico.
Detección del riesgo de lesión renal en fumadores
Authors: Tascón Javier , Hernández-Sánchez M.ª Teresa , G. Casanova Alfredo , Vicente-Vicente Laura , Morales Ana I. , Prieto Marta
Published: November 2021

La etiología de diversos tipos de cáncer, además de patologías relacionadas con el sistema cardiovascular y respiratorio, reside en el consumo de tabaco. Hoy en día, los nuevos estudios apuntan a que el tabaco produce un daño renal que puede degenerar en insuficiencia renal crónica a largo plazo. No obstante, los parámetros utilizados en clínica para la detección del daño renal, como la creatinina plasmática, no son útiles para evidenciar la disfunción. Por ello, los métodos de diagnóstico más innovadores incluyen los biomarcadores urinarios de daño renal temprano, que permitirían prevenir la evolución de la enfermedad renal. Por otra parte, basándonos en estudios previos de nuestro laboratorio, se ha desarrollado el concepto de predisposición adquirida al daño renal, así como la existencia de biomarcadores urinarios asociados a esta condición. Nuestro objetivo es estudiar si determinados biomarcadores de predisposición son capaces de detectar entre los pacientes fumadores a aquellos que están predispuestos a sufrir daño renal. Nuestros resultados demuestran que algunos de estos biomarcadores se excretan en orina de un modo significativamente superior en individuos fumadores respecto a no fumadores. La mayor excreción de dichos biomarcadores podría estar relacionada con una predisposición de los individuos fumadores a sufrir disfunción renal, aspecto clave a tener en cuenta en clínica.
Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok trösztellenes szabályozása – a Sherman Act-től a Celler-Kefauver Act-ig
Authors: Czékus Ábel
Published: November 2021

A szerző tanulmányában az Amerikai Egyesült Államok antitröszt-szabályozásának fejlődését vizsgálja. Bemutatja, hogy melyek voltak a nyugati világ első modern antitröszt törvénye megalkotása mögött meghúzódó társadalmi, közgazdasági és politikai motivációk, illetve, hogy az idők folyamán ezek az igények miképpen formálták a szabályozás fejlődését. Az 1890-es Sherman Act elfogadásához vezető legfőbb gazdasági probléma a monopolerő megjelenése és megerősödése volt; ezt az amerikai polgárháború utáni gyors ipari és technológiai fejlődés indukálta, beleértve a méretgazdaságossági előnyök kihasználása előtt álló korlátok lebomlásának lehetőségét is. A Sherman Act jelenti azóta is a szabályozás alapját, de nem a gerincét. A törvény által hagyott számos joghézag jó részét az 1914-es Clayton Act, és a szintén az adott évben elfogadott Federal Trade Commission Act szüntette meg. Az 1936-ban elfogadott Robinson-Patman Act természetét tekintve inkább volt intervencionista, mintsem liberális, míg a Celler-Kefauver Act tovább erősítette az antitröszt és fúziókontroll közötti – az Egyesült Államokban egyébként sem gyenge – kapcsolatot.*
FROM BRAIN DISEASE TO BRAIN HEALTH: PRIMARY PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS IN A HEALTH SYSTEM USING AN ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD-BASED APPROACH
Authors: Fosnacht A.M. , Patel S. , Yucus C. , Pham A. , Rasmussen E. , Frigerio R. , Walters S. , Maraganore D.
Published: November 2021

Background: Alzheimer’s disease and aging brain disorders are progressive, often fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Successful aging, modern lifestyles and behaviors have combined to result in an expected epidemic. Risks for these diseases include genetic, medical, and lifestyle factors; over 20 modifiable risks have been reported. Objectives: We aim to primarily prevent Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders through electronic medical record (EMR)-based screening, risk assessments, interventions, and surveillance. Design: We identified modifiable risks; developed human, systems and infrastructural resources; developed interventions; and targeted at-risk groups for the intervention. Setting: A Community Based Health System. Participants: In year one (June 2015 to May 2016), 133 at-risk patients received brain health services with the goal of delaying or preventing Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders. Measurements: We created mechanisms to identify patients at high risk of neurodegenerative disease; EMR-based structured clinical documentation support tools to evaluate risk factors and history; evidence-based interventions to modify risk; and the capacity for annual surveillance, pragmatic trials, and practice-based and genomic research using the EMR. Results: This paper describes our Center for Brain Health, our EMR tools, and our first year of healthy but at-risk patients. Conclusion: We are translating research into primary prevention of Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders in our health system and aim to shift the paradigm in Neurology from brain disease to brain health.
THE ALZHEIMER’S PREVENTION INITIATIVE GENERATION PROGRAM: EVALUATING CNP520 EFFICACY IN THE PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Lopez Lopez C. , Caputo A. , Liu F. , Riviere M.E. , Rouzade-Dominguez M.-L. , Thomas R.G. , Langbaum J.B. , Lenz R. , Reiman E.M. , Graf A. , Tariot P.N.
Published: November 2021

Alzheimer’s disease pathology begins decades before the onset of clinical symptoms. This provides an opportunity for interventional clinical trials to potentially delay or prevent the onset of cognitive impairment or dementia. CNP520 (a beta-site-amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme inhibitor) is in clinical development for the treatment of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease under the Alzheimer’s Prevention Initiative Generation Program. The Alzheimer’s Prevention Initiative is a public-private partnership intended to accelerate the evaluation of Alzheimer’s disease prevention therapies. The Generation Program comprises two pivotal phase II/III studies with similar designs to assess the efficacy and safety of investigational treatments in a cognitively unimpaired population at increased risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease based on age and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype (i.e., presence of the APOE ε4 allele). The program has been designed to maximize benefit to Alzheimer’s disease research. Generation Study 1 (NCT02565511) and Generation Study 2 (NCT03131453) are currently enrolling; their key features are presented here.
SEX AND AGE DIFFERENCES IN THE ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND HYPERTENSION WITH COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN THE ELDERLY: THE RANCHO BERNARDO STUDY
Authors: Kritz-Silverstein D. , Laughlin G.A. , McEvoy L.K. , Barrett-Connor E.
Published: November 2021

Objectives: This study examines sex and age differences in associations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), pulse pressure and hypertension with cognitive function in a community-dwelling population. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Research clinic visit in 1988-91. Participants: Participants were 693 men and 1022 women aged 50-97 Measurements: Blood pressure was measured and 12 cognitive function tests were administered. Results: Average age was 73.8±9.9 in men and 73.2±9.3 in women; 62.6% of men and 63.4% of women were hypertensive (SBP≥140 mmHg, DBP≥90 mmHg, or antihypertensive medication use). Each 5-unit increment in SBP, DBP, or pulse pressure and categorical hypertension was associated with significantly increased odds of poor verbal fluency performance in men and poor Trails B performance in women, with strongest associations for hypertension (OR=1.97, CI:1.01,3.85 in men; OR=1.51, CI:1.01,2.26 in women). After age stratification, associations remained statistically significant in younger (<80 years ) but not older (≥80 years) participants. Conclusion: Blood pressure as a continuous or categorical variable was associated with poor performance on cognitive function tests, but domains varied by sex and associations were found only in those younger than 80 years. The absent associations in those aged 80 years and older could support the hypothesis that increased blood flow is required to maintain cerebral perfusion with advancing age, or could reflect a survivor effect.
DIABETES MITIGATES THE ROLE OF MEMORY COMPLAINT IN PREDICTING DEMENTIA RISK: RESULTS FROM THE PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE WITH VITAMIN E AND SELENIUM STUDY
Authors: Zhang X. , Schmitt F.A. , Caban-Holt A.M. , Ding X. , Kryscio R.J. , Abner E.
Published: November 2021

Background: Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are associated with increased risk of dementia in older adults, but the role of comorbidities in modifying this risk is unknown. Objectives: To assess whether comorbidities modify estimated dementia risk based on SMCs. Design: The Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease with Vitamin E and Selenium Study (PREADVISE) was designed as an ancillary study to the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), a randomized, multi-center prostate cancer prevention trial with sites in the Unites States, Puerto Rico, and Canada. In 2009, PREADVISE and SELECT were changed into cohort studies. Setting: Secondary analysis of PREADVISE data. Participants: PREADVISE recruited 7,540 non-demented male volunteers from participating SELECT sites from 2002 to 2009. SMCs, demographics, and comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), stroke, sleep apnea, and head injury were ascertained by participant interview. Measurements: Cox models were used to investigate whether baseline comorbidities modified hazard ratios (HR) for SMC-associated dementia risk using two methods: (1) we included one interaction term between SMC and a comorbidity in the model at a time, and (2) we included all two-way interactions between SMC and covariates of interest and reduced the model by “backward” selection. SMC was operationalized as any complaint vs. no complaint. Results: Baseline SMCs were common (23.6%). In the first analyses, with the exception of stroke, presence of self-reported comorbidities was associated with lower estimated HR for dementia based on SMC status (complaint vs. no complaint), but this difference was only significant for diabetes. In the second analysis, the two-way interactions between SMC and race as well as SMC and diabetes were significant. Here, black men without diabetes who reported SMC had the highest estimated dementia risk (HR=5.05, 95% CI 2.55-10.00), while non-black men with diabetes who reported SMC had the lowest estimated risk (HR=0.71, 95% CI 0.35-1.41). Conclusions: SMCs were more common among men with comorbidities, but these complaints appeared to be less predictive of dementia risk than those originating from men without comorbidities, suggesting that medical conditions such as diabetes may explain SMCs that are unrelated to an underlying neurodegenerative process.