bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nationalism and Modernity
Authors: Taylor Charles
Published: November 2023

Nationalism is much talked about these days. I suppose it’s obvious why. The postcommunist massacres in the ex-Soviet Union and ex-Yugoslavia are reason enough. And suddenly this kind of frightening outburst seems in danger of becoming more the rule than the exception. For some people this is all the more shocking in that it seems like a throwback. The Bosnian savagery comes across to these people as an atavistic return, as though primeval identities and ageless mutual hatreds were being resurrected at the end of the twentieth century. But this can’t be quite the right take on things, because so much in nationalism is quintessentially modern. The Serb-Croat wars disconcert us because they mix an unquestionably modern discourse—self-determination, rule by the people, et cetera with other elements that seem to us alien to (what we understand as) modernity.
Nationalism and the Limits of Global Humanism
Authors: Nathanson Stephen
Published: November 2023

Can nationalism be good? Many people think not. They link nationalism with violence, hatred, racism, and xenophobia. These links are not just the products of overheated imaginations or paranoiac worries. They are real, and they make it easy to see why some people reject all forms of nationalism as immoral, illegitimate, and undesirable.
Pro Patria Mori!
Authors: Tamir Yael
Published: November 2023

The awareness of death, says Heidegger, confers upon human beings a sense of their individuality: “Dying is one thing no one can do for you; each of us must die alone:’1 Yet death—the commemoration and veneration of the dead, the fear of death—plays a major role in political life; it is used to strengthen communality, to build a collective identity, and to define communal obligations. The central role that the tomb of the unknown soldier plays in national ceremonies can serve to illustrate this phenomenon. By its very nature, this tomb is meant not to commemorate a particular person but to promote an ideal of a soldier, our soldier as, although his personal identity is unknown, his communal identity is certain; he is a fellow citizen. And as he has performed the ultimate act of sacrifice, he has become the perfect fellow citizen. All his flaws are forgiven, as his “good action has blotted out the bad, and his merit as a citizen more than outweighed his demerits as an individual:’
Subordinate Theme
Authors: Caplin William E
Published: November 2023

To avoid tonal monotony, almost eve1y movement of a classical instrumental work establishes a subsidiary tonal area, a subordinate key, that contrasts with, yet is closely related to, the home key.1 One outstanding feature of the classical style (compared with the earlier baroque practice) is the articulation, indeed, the dramatization,2 of this subordinate key through a distinct subordinate theme.3 More than just a new melody, this theme is an integral unit of form containing a syntactical succession of formal functions and a concluding authentic cadence.
Transition
Authors: Caplin William E
Published: November 2023

At the heart of the tonal drama in the exposition of a full movement form (sonata, concerto, rondo, etc.) lies the conflict between the home key and its rival subordinate key. The formal functions of main theme and subordinate theme are responsible for. establishing and confirming these tonalities. Standing between these functions is the transition, which serves to destabilize the home key so that the subordinate key can emerge as a competing tonality in the exposition.1 In addition, the transition loosens the form established by the tight-knit main theme, imparts greater rhythmic continuity and momentum to the movement, and, especially toward its end, liquidates the characteristic melodic-motivic material in order to “clear the stage” for the entrance of the subordinate theme.
Toni Morrison’s Beloved Re-Membering The Body As Historical Text
Authors: Henderson Mae G
Published: November 2023

“Things too terrible to relate” were most often the sexual exploitation of slave women by white men. Convention allowed, indeed almost demanded, that these violations be named but not described. Morrison continues, “But most importantly-at least for me-there was no mention of their interior life” ( emphasis added). The writer’s “job”-as Morrison sees it-”becomes how to rip that veil drawn over proceedings too terrible to relate,” to “find and expose a truth about the interior life of people who didn’t write it,” to “fill in the blanks that the slave narratives left, to part the veil that was so frequently drawn,” and, finally, “to implement the stories that [she has] heard” (no-13).
Moral Knowledge and Ethical Character
Authors: Audi Robert
Published: November 2023

This book presents an ethical theory that uniquely integrates naturalistic and rationalistic elements. Robert Audi develops his theory in four areas: moral epistemology, the metaphysics of ethics, moral psychology, and the foundations of ethics. Comprising both new and published work, the book sets forth a moderate intuitionism, clarifies the relation between reason and motivation, constructs a theory of intrinsic value and its place in moral obligation, and presents a sophisticated account of moral justification. The concluding chapter articulates a new normative framework built from both Kantian and intuitionist elements. Connecting ethics in novel ways to both the theory of value and the philosophy of action, the essays explore topics such as ethical intuition, reason and judgement, and virtue. Audi also considers major views in the history of ethics, including those of Aristotle, Hume, Kant, Mill, Moore, and W. D. Ross, and engages contemporary work on autonomy, responsibility, objectivity, reasons, and other issues. Clear and conceptually rich, this book makes vital reading for students and scholars of ethics.
The Second Law
Authors: Silver Brian L
Published: November 2023

The last thing Newton would have wished to be known as was a revolutionary. He was not to know, nor could he have guessed, that his second law of motion would help to change the intellectual atmosphere of Europe.
“What the Devil Does It All Mean?”
Authors: Silver Brian L
Published: November 2023

The popular image of science is formed primarily by science-based technology. As evidenced by what we buy, what we use, and what we covet, we are a gadget-based civilization. To suggest that the tidal wave of consumer goods is responsible for what has been seen by some as the emptiness at the heart of modern life is facile in the extreme. No other era has had so readily available to it great music, great art, and great literature. Cheap travel, the mass electronic media, and mass publishing have spread the products of the creative arts deeper and wider than at any time in history.
A First Answer To The Skeptic
Authors: Butchvarov Panayot
Published: November 2023

The truth is that neither Descartes’s dream-argument nor the skeptic’s gen eral argument it leads to has been answered, yet they concern what pre sumably is the most important question we can ask: Does an external world exist? Philosophy after Descartes was therefore quite justified in concen trating on this question, and thus in according a central status to episte mology. (With Kant being the major exception, the question was usually understood as what I have called the particular question, presumably be cause of the natural belief, which nevertheless I shall argue is mistaken, that what I have called the general question could be answered only as an inference from an answer to the particular question.) Some philosophers disagree with this assessment, but they would have the right to do so only if they had a solution to the problem of skepticism. In fact, they do not even attempt such a solution, sometimes just saying that it is not a genuine problem at all. But they do not explain why it is not a genuine problem, unless we count as explanations aphorisms such as Austin’s and Wittgenstein’s, which are reminiscent of Dr. Johnson’s “refuting” Berkeley by kicking a stone. It seems to remain true that it is a genuine problem and that we have no solution of it.
Our Concept Of Reality
Authors: Butchvarov Panayot
Published: November 2023

It is striking that, though the skeptic questions the reality of material ob jects, especially of those we perceive, in recent discussions of skepticism there is very little said about what obviously is the crucial concept, that of reality. Instead, we have detailed discussions of the concepts of knowledge, evidence, and justification, as if it mattered little what precisely is that of which we may or may not have knowledge, or make evidentially based or justified judgments about. This was not always the case. For example, as I pointed out in the introduction, Plato in effect undercut the motivation be hind skepticism by denying that the objects of sense perception have real being. In modern philosophy we are also familiar with Berkeley’s view that in the case of the objects of perception to be is to be perceived, whether by oneself or by another, including God. We are also familiar with John Stu art Mill’s view that the reality of a so-called material object is nothing but the permanent possibility of certain sensations. And we know that Heidegger sought an understanding of Being by explicitly denying that it is a being, and hoped for a very special grasp of it, one grounded in an interpretation of time.
Death Takes a Holiday, Sort Of
Authors: Goldberg Vicki
Published: November 2023

In eighteenth-century Europe and England, death was everyone’s inti mate acquaintance, constantly on view. Child mortality rates were hideously high. Crowded living in unsanitary conditions, malnutrition, famine, disease, and accidents ensured life’s unpredictability from day to day. Anyone with a little money then died at home, but the poor, who could not spare a hand from work to tend the sick, sent their relatives to hospitals where atrocious care and rampant infection killed them fast (McManners, 1985, p. 33). The body then went home for washing and laying out, so if you missed the dying you still saw, and most likely handled, the dead.
The Growth of Biological Information
Authors: Loewenstein Werner R
Published: November 2023

We have seen that proteins use mainly weak electromagnetic energies to implement their information transactions and that, as Maxwell demons, they rely on a sharp, 3-4 A transition in their energy fields. This gains them speed in molecular interactions. But there is more in that penchant for weak energies than meets the eye: it actually works to their economic advantage not to use stronger interactions. A little digging into the economic information aspects of the demons’ sleights of hand will bring this into the open.
French Cultural Politics & Music
Authors: Fulcher Jane F
Published: November 2023

This book argues that French musical meanings and values in the years from 1898 to 1914 are best explained not in terms of contemporary artistic movements, but rather in terms of the political culture, which was undergoing subtle but profound transformation as nationalist leagues enlarged the arena of political action. Applying recent insights from French history, sociology, political anthropology, and literary theory, the book reveals how nationalists used critics, educational institutions, concert series and lectures to disseminate their values through a discourse on French music; and it demonstrates how the Republic and Left responded to this challenge through their own discourses on French musical values. Against this background Fulcher traces the impact of this politicized musical culture on composers such as d’Indy, Charpentier, Magnard, Debussy, and Satie.
Dynamic Fracture In Nanophase Ceramics and Diamond Films: Multimillion Atom Parallel Molecular-Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Omeltchenko Andrey , Tsuruta Kenji , Nakano Aiichiro , Kalia Rajiv , Vashishta Priya
Published: November 2023

Molecular dynamics is a powerful simulation tool for studying various properties and phenomena relevant to material science at the microscopic level. Ab initio electronic structure calculations provide the most fundamental description of materials based solely on equations of quantum mechanics without any empirical parameters. However, first-principle molecular dynamics calculations are tractable on modem computers only for system sizes up to atoms. Atomistic simulations that can handle systems containing atoms and also include electronic effects are feasible using the tight-binding molecular-dynamics approach with linear system-size scaling.
Scaling Phenomena In Crack Propagation
Authors: Bouchaud E , Daguier P
Published: November 2023

Fracture toughness is an essential property of a material, since it characterises its ability to resist to the propagation of a pre-existing crack. For a given composition, the fracture toughness Kic may vary drastically with the microstructure, and an important goal would be to predict quantitatively this inter-dependence. Furthermore, for some commercial alloys (titanium-based, titanium-based intermetallics, aluminium-based...) there is a strong dispersion of the measured values of KIc, hence a statistical approach is quite necessary, both experimentally and numerically.
The Doe Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative: Challenges and Opportunities for Predictive Materials Simulation Capabilities
Authors: Mailhiot Christian
Published: November 2023

In response to the unprecedented national security challenges derived from the end of nuclear testing, the Defense Programs of the Department of Energy has developed a long-term strategic plan based on a vigorous Science-Based Stockpile Stewardship (SBSS) program. The main objective of the SBSS program is to ensure confidence in the performance, safety, and reliability of the stockpile on the basis of a fundamental science-based approach. A central element of this approach is the development of predictive, full-physics, full-scale computer simulation tools. As a critical component of the SBSS program, the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) was established to provide the required advances in computer platforms and to enable predictive, physics-based simulation technologies.
Multiscale Modeling of Polycrystalline Covalent Ceramics
Authors: Brenner D W , Shenderova O A , Yang L H , Nazarov A , Romanov A E
Published: November 2023

Predicting mechanical properties of polycrystalline ceramics requires detailed knowledge of structures, energetics, and stresses at defects such as grain boundaries, triple junctions, and twins. In principle, properties and structures of defects in polycrystalline materials can be accurately calculated at the atomic scale using density functional techniques. In practice, however, first-principles calculations can be extremely compute intensive, especially for defects with long-range stress fields that require many atoms. Defect structures can also be modeled at the atomic scale using analytic potentials.
High Temperature Thermal Property Prediction For Mgo, Kci and Zns
Authors: Wang Kai , Reeber Robert R
Published: November 2023

Equations of state, phase equilibria, and residual stress calculations require accurate values of thermal expansion, bulk modulus, and specific heat. Experimental data for these parameters from low to intermediate temperatures are usually self-consistent. At high temperatures, when data for materials are either scattered or non-existent, reliable models are required for evaluation or prediction. Theoretical and semi-empirical approaches are available for predicting thermal expansion at high temperatures. Theoretical calculations include interatomic potential approaches based on equations of state, first principle lattice dynamical methods relying on approximate interatomic potentials, and direct methods utilizing quantum theory. Each approach has its own approximate basis and is valid over a limited temperature range.
Atomistic Simulation of Mems Devices via the Coupling of Length Scales
Authors: Broughton Jeremy Q
Published: November 2023

This manuscript is a copy of a successful proposal to the High Performance Computing Modernization Program of the Department of Defense for a Grand Challenge Award. Although it does not relate directly to high temperature ceramics (the topic of this conference proceedings), the ideas contained herein are directly pertinent to the realistic simulation of ceramics. This grand challenge project will predict the dynamic and temperature dependent behavior of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices from their atomic constituents by utilizing recently developed parallel codes which enable a coupling of length scales. This powerful methodology will be applied to two MEMS systems thereby providing a new paradigm in device design and prediction and in the relevance of atomistic simulation.
Soil Phosphorus Characterization and Total Element Analysis
Authors: Lajtha Kate , Driscoll Charles T , Jarrell Wesley M , Elliott Edward T
Published: November 2023

Phosphorus is a major element in soil organic matter, and in natural terrestrial ecosystems is derived from the weathering of minerals in parent rock material. It is usually the second most limiting nutrient for terrestrial primary production (after nitrogen) and is often the primary limiting nutrient in freshwater ecosystems. Due to its critical role in controlling aquatic primary production, there is an increased concern over runoff of P from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems and the role of Pin affecting water quality. Studies of P cycling and availability pose a challenge to agronomists and ecologists, in part because P occurs in soils in many different physicochemical forms that are operationally difficult to define, and in part because Pis involved in a myriad of biological and chemical processes. The cycling of P can be controlled by inorganic chemical reactions, but in many systems the turnover of organic P controls the availability of P to plants through organic matter decomposition or the release of P from microbial biomass. Phosphate sorption by various soil constituents is a dominant process in maintaining very low concentrations of Pin soil solutions, particularly in mineral soils. Tight control of P concentrations by adsorption creates difficulty for the measurement of the amount of P available for plant uptake or P release upon organic matter mineralization. Whereas important pools and fluxes of N are readily measured in soils, the different physicochemical forms of soil P are more difficult to categorize or define operationally. As a result, it is challenging to define or measure bioavailable P.
Soil CO2, N20, and CH4 Exchange
Authors: Holland Elisabeth A , Robertson G Philip , Greenberg James , Groffman Peter M , Gosz Richard D Boone James R
Published: November 2023

The composition of the earth’s atmosphere is largely determined by the exchange of trace gases with the oceanic and terrestrial biosphere. Human-induced perturbations to the earth’s system are changing the atmospheric composition at unprecedented rates. The gases of particular interest can be divided into two categories: those species that are radiatively active and thus influence the radiation balance of the earth (the so-called greenhouse gases: nitrous oxide [N2O], carbon dioxide [CO2], methane [CH4], chlorofluorocarbons [CFCs}, halogenated chlorofluorocarbons [HCFCs}, and ozone [03)), and those species that are photochemically active and thus influence the troposphere’s ability to cleanse itself (its “‘oxidizing capacity”‘: hydroxyl radical OH, hydroperoxy radical HO2, 03, active nitrogen (NOx-NO + NO2), carbon monoxide [CO], CH4, and volatile organic carbon compounds other than methane [VOCs]). The atmospheric lifetime of the radiatively active species is often longer than 10 years, extending to as long as 120 years for N2O in the troposphere (the lower 10-16 km of the atmosphere), whereas the lifetime of the photochemically active species is 1-3 days (Tab. l 0.1). Because of their very long lifetimes, N2O, CFCs, HCFCs, and other halogenated compounds persist long enough to be transported to the stratosphere, where they play an important role in stratospheric ozone depletion. Some gases, notably 03 and CH4, are both photochemically and radiatively active. Both radiatively active and photochemically active gases are central to global change research; these gases are rapidly altering atmospheric composition and chemistry, in part as a result of changes in biospheric activity.
Explanation and Prediction by Covering Laws
Authors: Hempel Carl G , Fetzer James H
Published: November 2023

In this essay, I propose to present two models of scientific explanation; to comment on the range of their applicability and, briefly, on their qualifications as models of scientific prediction; and to examine some of the criticisms directed against these models and some alternatives to them that have been put forward in the recent literature. I will refer to the models in question as the deductive-nomological, or briefly the deductive, model, and the inductive-probabilistic, or briefly the probabilistic, model. Both have been described in considerable detail in earlier publications,1 and I will therefore be brief in outlining their main characteristics here; but I will add some new amplificatory observations.
Equity, Equality, and Affirmative Action
Authors: Hardin Garrett
Published: November 2023

Humanity, trudging along a path presumed to lead to perpetual progress, has come to a curious bifurcation. The more familiar of the two forks proclaims that the resources avail­ able to our species are not meaningfully finite. If this is so, it may be legitimate to assume that more people are better-as are more highways, more labor-saving machinery to be kept in repair, and more information pouring in on us per unit time. A hectic life, perhaps, but a defensible one.
The Extended Reach of Gresham’s Law
Authors: Hardin Garrett
Published: November 2023

Puzzling over repetitious studies of the world’s population, professionals are astounded at the evasive maneuvers of “pragmatic” politicians. The Man from Mars would surely conclude that the attempts to maximize the human population must be motivated by a form of greed. But if our heavenly visitor wanted a welcome to continue his studies, he would keep this conclusion to himself.
Autonomy and the Social Self
Authors: Barclay Linda
Published: November 2023

Widespread dissatisfaction with the ideal of individual autonomy is a prominent feature of feminist and communitarian perspectives on moral and political theory. Whether attention is focused on moral impartialism, Kantian ethics, modern political theory, or in particular, contemporary liberalism, a frequently voiced concern is that individual autonomy is overemphasized and that an “atomistic” or “abstract individualistic” conception of the self is presupposed. Both feminists and communitarians have claimed that numerous moral and political theories promote a vision of the autonomous self as essentially independent and self-sufficient, a vision that denies the inescapable connectedness of selves and the fact that their immersion in networks of relationships forms their desires, aspirations, indeed their very identities. In other words, what is denied is that the self is essentially social.
On Moral Considerability
Authors: Bernstein Mark H
Published: November 2023

In this fresh and powerfully argued book, Mark Bernstein identifies the qualities that make an entity deserving of moral consideration. It is frequently assumed that only (normal) human beings count. Bernstein argues instead for "experientialism"--the view that having conscious experiences is necessary and sufficient for moral standing. He demonstrates that this position requires us to include many non-human animals in our moral realm, but not to the extent that many deep ecologists champion.
Chronoscopes
Authors: ter Meulen Alice G B
Published: November 2023

Some essential semantic properties of our use of tense and aspect in ordinary English discourse have been accounted for in Discourse Representation Theory (DRT; Kamp and Reyle 1993), formalising how aspectual properties control the reference to events and states with a classical notion of logical entailment. Further properties of our ordinary reasoning about temporal dependencies may arise in the interpretation of discourse. The richer representational tools of Dynamic Aspect Trees (DAT; ter Meulen 1995) captures other aspects of temporal rea-soning in natural language with a situated, nonmonotonic notion of inference in chronoscopes.
Therapeutic Aspects of Sah: Medical
Authors: Weir Bryce
Published: November 2023

A prophetic early article on the medical management of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) concluded that surgery in suitable cases is the only treatment that offers reduction in the mortality rate of patients with SAH.1 Therapy should prepare patients for surgery and protect them after it. The aims of medical management of a patient with a recently ruptured intracranial aneurysm are to preserve residual brain function and to prevent systemic complications. The priorities in medical treatment are to prevent cerebral edema with herniation, cerebral ischemia with infarction, rebleeding, and medical complications. The general treatment must be predicated on the neurological status of the patient. For those with a significant depression of consciousness, sedation, paralysis, and intubation are required. The insertion of a ventricular catheter to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP) may be necessary. Analgesia should be provided for all patients. Arterial and venous lines are provided as required. For all patients, urgent radiologic evaluation should be performed. This should include a CT scan to make the diagnosis of SAH and a four-vessel angiogram on admission to define the source of bleeding and any coexisting abnormalities. Hematology and biochemistry profiles are performed to rule out serious coexisting disease or intoxications.
Clones, Harms, and Rights
Authors: Rhodes Rosamond
Published: November 2023

As the possibility of cloning humans looms on the horizon people are worrying about the morality of using the new technology. They are anxious about the ethical borders that might be crossed when virtual genetic duplicates can be produced by creating a zygote from an existing person’s genetic material. They are apprehensive about eugenics, concerned about creating humans as sources of spare parts for others, uneasy about producing humans in the absence of the intention to allow them to live and develop, and uncomfortable about using human clones in business ventures.
The Regulation of Technology
Authors: Warnock Mary
Published: November 2023

Everybody recognizes that most of the problems in medical ethics arise, these days, from innovations in medical technology. We would not have had to lay down laws or ethical guidelines about assisted reproduction had it not been for the new technology of in vitro fertilization, which produced the first IVF baby in 1978. We would not be currently anxious about the ethics of possible human cloning had it not been for the production in Edinburgh of Dolly, the lamb whose birth resulted from the removal of a mammary gland cell from an adult sheep. So the question is whether there is some research into developing technology that is too dangerous, that will lead to consequences too dramatic for humanity, for the research itself to be permitted. Should there be control over what technological innovation should be permitted?
Cloning Issues in Reproduction, Science, and Medicine: A Report by a Joint Working Group of the UK Human Genetics Advisory Commission and the UK Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority
Authors: Deech Onora O’Neil & Ruth
Published: November 2023

News of the UK Human Genetics Advisory Commission’s first meeting was overshadowed by the Roslin Institute’s announcement of Dolly the sheep, the first vertebrate cloned from another adult. Since that event, cloning has been a subject of intense debate. While the major motivation for the work that resulted in Dolly was to develop methods for the genetic improvement of livestock, subsequent commentary has understandably been marked by fears that this technique might be open to misuse.
The trees of Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Felger Richard Stephen , Johnson Matthew Brian , Wilson Michael Francis
Published: November 2023

The definitive treatment of the trees and tree-like plants of Sonora, a remarkably diverse and biologically important region, ranging from some of the driest and hottest areas in North America to cool, temperate woodlands and the northernmost tropical regions in the New World. The majority of the trees in this semi-arid region are at their northern limits in the Americas in this state and many range to South America. Thus, this book will be important to biologists in regions well outside of the area covered. Felger is the recognized expert in the area, and the book contains an enormous body of information nowhere else obtainable. The introductory chapter contains biotic and climatic information and an analysis of the geographical distributions of the trees of a state that is poorly known biologically. Two hundred eighty-five species of native and naturalized trees are covered, featuring extensive identification keys and illustrations, most of them newly produced for this book. The descriptive species accounts include common names, indigenous names, and synonyms, detailed botanical descriptions, ecological and geographic data, geographic ranges, natural history, economic uses, and, in many cases, other information such as horticultural uses and conservation status.
The Mechanical Functions of Silks and Their Correlated Structural Properties
Authors: Riekel C
Published: November 2023

Chapter 1 provides background information on why and how different amino acids can affect the folding patterns of silk proteins. In considering these configurations, chapter 2 describes how molecular genetic processes can result in the substitution of one amino acid for another. The remaining chapters identify factors that can act as selective agents on the protein variation that the molecular genetic processes generate.

Five hypotheses have been advanced to explain the diversity and evolution of silks spun by the Orbiculariae: (1) random genetic events (Rudall and Kenchington 1971); (2) selection for synthetic efficiency (Mita et al. 1988; Candelas et al. 1990; Hayashi and Lewis 1998; chapter 2); (3) selection for mechanical properties such as strength and elasticity (Denny 1976; Denny 1980; Gosline et al. 1984; Craig 1987a; Gosline et al. 1994; Kohler and Vollrath 1995); (4) selection for reduced reflectance and hence reduced web visibility (chapter 4); and (5) selection for amino acids that may reflect the composition or diet of the silk producer ‘s prey (chapter 7).
Central Sleep Apnea and Hypoventilation During Sleep
Authors: Aldrich Michaels.
Published: November 2023

Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a condition in which absence of respiratory effort leads to cessation of breathing. Gastaut and coworkers 1 first used the term central sleep apnea to distinguish central apneas from obstructive apneas, in which respiratory effort persists and the apnea is caused by airway occlusion. The term periodic breathing is also used to describe regularly recurring periods of central apnea and other breathing patterns in which variations in rate or amplitude occur in a regular, repetitive fashion.
Psychiatric Disorders and Sleep
Authors: Aldrich Michaels.
Published: November 2023

Psychiatric disorders are common in patients with sleep complaints, particularly those with insomnia. About one-third of insomniacs evaluated at sleep centers have a primary psychiatric diagnosis and an other 40% have a secondary psychiatric diagnosis. According to community-based surveys, as many as 40% of those who complain of insomnia have a psychiatric illness, usually a mood disorder or an anxiety disorder. 2, In addition, mood disorders subsequently develop in many patients who initially present with insomnia, suggesting that insomnia can be an initial symptom of depression or that the irritability, anxiety, and dysphoria that often accompany insomnia increase the likelihood that depression will develop., Whether treatment of insomnia can pre vent depression is uncertain.
Following in Their Footsteps
Authors: Attig Thomas
Published: November 2023

Cliff was at first a carpentry contractor and then a successful home builder. His wife, Lorna, was a social worker who specialized in work with children. They tried to have children of their own but to no avail. Still, they wanted to contribute together to the welfare of children. Men they were in their mid-thirties, Lorna thought of how they could combine their talents and find ways to work with agencies that address problems of homelessness for children in third-world countries. Cliff could use time in the winter months, his off-season. Lorna could allocate her vacation time at first and, if things began to work out, go on a part-year schedule where she worked. Cliff responded enthusiastically to her idea and plan. For several years they went to locations around the world and did what they could. Cliff worked side-by-side with others in home construction. He learned from local workers about available materials, traditional building styles, environmental constraints, and the like. He learned to adapt what he knew to diverse conditions, and he passed many of his skills on to others.
They Are with Us in Our Souls
Authors: Attig Thomas
Published: November 2023

Henry never underestimated how precious Grace was to him. He did not call her “Amazing” for nothing. He expressed his gratitude often. Still, when she died, he was painfully aware of how much he never told her. He wishes he could again look into her eyes and tell her all that he has discovered about how much she meant to him. Instead, he begins to tell her at night as he lies awake thinking of her and the events of the day. Henry tells Grace of how he is finding his way in the home they made together. Surrounded by so many reminders of the life they shared, he feels he still belongs there. It has been their house for thirty years, and so it always will be. Gradually, he comes to cherish the memories that echo there without tears. He is grateful to sense her presence in so many of the things they accumulated and treasured together. He is grateful, too, for the way the walls resonate with their family history.
Finding Our Roots in Their Life Stories
Authors: Attig Thomas
Published: November 2023

After Grace died, Henry and his children continued to fill his home with stories of Grace and their life with her. Conversation at Nagel family reunions always included tales and anecdotes about Grandma, rarely about Grandpa. Kathryn gathered stories about Mark and life with him from family and friends and shared them with him before he died. Now she reviews them and adds others of her own in sessions with her children who were too young when Mark died to have clear memories of him. Alex Haley probed his family history and told the world what he found in Roots. We often tell stories about those who have died and our lives with them. Typically, we tell and cherish the stories because they delight or fascinate us. We hold dear their principal characters. We keep their memories alive in and through the stories. We find in them many things that are useful in our practical lives. But we can, and often do, cherish the stories for deeper reasons.
Striving
Authors: Attig Thomas
Published: November 2023

Like so many immigrants before him, my Grandpa Nagel came to America in 1914 to escape a coming war and to find and make a better life for himself and his family. Grandma shared his hopes and supported his aspirations. She followed him with their four children and gave birth first to my mother and then to four more in the years that followed. The Nagel family echoes with stories of how my grandparents struggled to learn a new language and culture. How they made homes in the row houses of Chicago. How they worked hard to make ends meet and feed their growing family. How the changes and struggles took their toll on the relationship between them. Grandma believed education was a key to success. Her oldest son, Helmut, wanted to continue beyond grammar school into high school. Grandpa blocked his way, thinking he should apprentice as he would have in Germany. Grandma saw that that was not the way in this new country. She stood up to Grandpa, by no means an easy thing to do. She insisted my uncle be allowed to complete high school. She encouraged all her children to do well in school.
The Claim of Reason
Authors: Cavell Stanley
Published: November 2023

This reissue of an American philosophical classic includes a new preface by Cavell, in which he discusses the work’s reception and influence. The work fosters a fascinating relationship between philosophy and literature both by augmenting his philosophical discussions with examples from literature and by applying philosophical theories to literary texts. Cavell also succeeds in drawing some very important parallels between the British analytic tradition and the continental tradition, by comparing scepticism as understood in Descartes, Hume, and Kant with philosophy of language as practiced by Wittgenstein and Austin.
Cognitive Pharmacology of Stimulants in Children with ADHD
Authors: Denney Colin B , Rapport Mark D
Published: November 2023

Psychostimulant effects on higher order cognitive processes in children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are of central interest to researchers in the field of clinical child psychopharmacology. This interest reflects the importance of studying drug effects for understanding the etiology and treatment of the disorder. Several lines of evidence indicate that drugs affecting different neurochemical systems show generalized and in some cases selective effects on cognitive functioning, but the mechanisms responsible have not yet been definitively elucidated.
Understanding Medications Used to Treat Moderate Pain
Authors: Patt Richard B , Lang Susan S
Published: November 2023

When pain is moderate and can’t be adequately controlled with nonopioid (nonnarcotic) drugs, usually the next step (as dictated by the World Health Organization’s analgesic ladder; see Chapter 1) is the addition or substitution of a weak opioid, of which codeine is the most well known. These codeine-like drugs, referred to in the past simply as the “weak” or “mild” opioids (in contrast to the “strong” or “potent” opioids such as morphine), are today referred to as “opioids conventionally used to treat moderate pain” (versus “opioids conventionally used to treat severe pain”).
Planetary Structure
Authors: Morowitz Harold J
Published: November 2023

The material in a given orbit coalesces into a planet for reasons that are not completely clear and, in the case of the Earth, the planet probably underwent a meltdown. The energy for this process came from gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy of the components, heat of radioactive decay and radiant energy from the sun. Because of the small size of the Earth, the core temperatures were not high enough to be in the nuclear reaction domain, so that the fractionation of the planet was governed by chemical and mechanical factors.
Postmugging Facial Twitching
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan
Published: November 2023

Patient is a 38-year-old man who was mugged 3 years previously by a blow to the vertex of his head. He was unconscious for less than a minute, with no retrograde amnesia. There were no obvious residua. Over the next year, he developed twitching of his left eye, which progressed to frequent spasms of most of his facial muscles. He admitted that chewing affected his eye and that eye closure caused lip movement. There was no loss of hearing, tinnitus, abnormal tearing, or taste distortion. There was a medical history of hypertension.
Painless Scapular Atrophy
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan
Published: November 2023

One month previously, a 22-year-old right-handed man participated in skeet shooting, absorbing the gun’s recoil in his right shoulder. The next day, he had difficulty raising his arm laterally. Subsequently, he was told that his right lower scapular muscle was atrophic. He denied shoulder, neck, or arm pain at any time. Medical history was limited to low back pain treated by traction.
Shoulder Pain and Weakness
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan
Published: November 2023

Six weeks previously, a 17-year-old girl recalls wrestling in a pool. She subsequently developed severe pain and numbness of the right shoulder, which soon localized over the deltoid. Within the next few days she was unable to raise her arm. She denied neck pain and exacerbation from Valsalva’s maneuver. There was no pharyngitis, but she noted a short period of axillary inflammation. Medical history was negative. Physical Examination. Forward flexion, lateral abduction, and external rotation of the right shoulder were weak. A region of hypesthesia 4 cm wide extended from the shoulder to the elbow. Cranial nerves and cerebellar function were normal. DTRs were active and symmetric, with no pathologic reflexes. There was no Homer’s sign.
Bum Victim with Flaccid Quadriplegia
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan
Published: November 2023

A 5-year-old boy was trapped in a burning building for 30 min. Respiratory damage required laryngoscopy, tracheostomy, and treatment for pulmonary edema. In addition, first- and second-degree burns of 15% of his body required antibiotic treatment but no skin grafts. During his hospitalization, he fluctuated between unresponsive and agitated states. Over a 2-week period, the tone and strength of his extremities decreased until he lost all voluntary motion. Medical, developmental, and family history were negative.
Fracture of Humerus with Weakness
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan
Published: November 2023

Several weeks previously, a 24-year-old man was hit by a car and thrown 5 feet. There was no loss of consciousness and only several seconds of amnesia. He had a comminuted fracture of the midshaft of the left humerus with anterior angulation; this required operative placement of a plate. In addition, a left tibial fracture was treated by closed reduction and casting.
Foot Numbness After Baker’s Cyst Removal
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan
Published: November 2023

A 49-year-old woman had elective removal of a Baker’s cyst from her right popliteal fossa. After uneventful surgery, she awoke to find her right foot numb over the plantar surface, and she had difficulty bending her toes. There was no pain and no effect from Valsalva’s maneuver. Medical history was negative.
Evolving Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan
Published: November 2023

A 70-year-old woman was started on anticoagulation several weeks previously because of atrial fibrillation. Twelve days ago she experienced sudden leg pain, numbness of her medial leg, and left knee weakness. Medical history included cardiac disease and congestive heart failure. Physical Examination. Cranial nerves and cerebellar function were normal. All findings were confined to her left leg. There was an area of hypesthesia along the medial leg. She had isolated weakness of hip flexion and knee extension with atrophy of the quadriceps. DTRs were symmetric except for absence of the left knee jerk. No pathologic reflexes were present.
Social Choice Theory and Constitutional Democracy
Authors: Riker William
Published: November 2023

No method of voting can be said to amalgamate individual judgments truly and fairly because every method violates some reasonable canon of fairness and accuracy. All voting methods are therefore in some sense morally imperfect. Furthermore, these imperfect methods can produce different outcomes from the same profile of individual judgments. Hence it follows that sometimes—and usually we never know for sure just when—the social choice is as much an artifact of morally imperfect methods as it is of what people truly want. It is hard to have unbounded confidence in the justice of such results.

It is equally hard, as I will show in this essay, to have unbounded confidence in the meaning of such results. Individual persons presumably can, if they think about it deeply enough, order their personal judgments transitively. Hence their valuations mean something, for they clearly indicate a hierarchy of preference that can guide action and choice in a sensible way.
Neurology Of Cognitive And Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Devinsky Orrin , D’esposito Mark
Published: November 2023

This reference text provides an insightful and unified synthesis of cognitive neuroscience and behavioral neurology. The strong clinical emphasis and outstanding illustrations will provide neurologists, psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, and psychologists with a solid foundation to the major neurobehavioral syndromes. With backgrounds in behavioural neurology, functional imaging and cognitive neuroscience, the two authors are in an ideal position to cover the anatomy, genetics, physiology, and cognitive neuroscience underlying these disorders. Their emphasis on therapy makes the book a “must read” for anyone who cares for patients with cognitive and behavioural disorders.
Comparative Respiratory Physiology
Authors: Hlastala Michael P , Berger Albert J
Published: November 2023

The study of comparative respiratory physiology provides a broad and useful perspective on the respiratory physiology of humans. One of the first observations is that the function of the respiratory system can be accomplished in several different ways. Each way of functioning appears to be ideally suited to the environment and behavior of the species in question. Each particular respiratory system has evolved to provide optimal efficiency for gas exchange under the behavioral and environmental conditions of an organism.
Fokker-Planck Equations
Authors: Zwanzig Robert
Published: November 2023

The foundations of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics are based on the Liouville equation. Many of the common methods for handling practical problems in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, methods that will be described in the next few sections, either avoid the Liouville equation entirely or replace it by approximations. This is generally a reasonable thing to do; simple and approximate methods have an enormous value in science. Ultimately, however, the approximate methods must be connected with more exact and rigorous ones. This section presents a derivation of the Liouville equation in classical mechanics and shows how symbolic operator solutions of the Liouville equation can be used to deal with the properties of time correlation functions. The Liouville equation is associated with Hamiltonian dynamics; the corresponding equation associated with Langevin dynamics, called the Fokker-Planck equation, is discussed in the next section.