bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restorative Justice, Desistance and Trauma-Informed Practice in the Youth Justice System
Authors: Mouhiddin Adnan , Adams Jack
Published: March 2023

Trauma-informed practice involves understanding the impact of trauma on an individual’s life and how trauma has a direct impact on behaviour. It is an approach that has been implemented in various sectors such as education, health and the justice system. There appears to be a direct link between trauma and crime whereby the majority of those who offend in the UK have experienced trauma such as abuse and neglect during their childhood or adult life. It follows, therefore, that it is vital for trauma-informed practice to be implemented in the justice system as this may enable the future desistance of offenders and consequently reduce crime. Using restorative justice as an approach, this article will demonstrate the impact of trauma-informed practice on offending. This article, therefore, explores key principles around restorative justice and examines how trauma-informed practice that adopts a restorative approach may tackle issues around the wellbeing of young offenders and their desistance as well as the victims of their offending behaviour.

Keywords: restorative justice; trauma-informed practice; justice system; desistance; deviance; young people.
A Critique of the Nigerian Proceeds of Crime (Recovery & Management) Act 2022
Authors: Onyiuke Tochukwu
Published: March 2023

Organized crime is a hazard to national security and the realization of institutional principles. Any society plagued by this menace must stir itself up to leave no safe space for any individual or entity seeking to surreptitiously transfer, conceal or utilize the proceeds of crime and corruption or to evade sanctions. In past decades, Nigeria’s effort expended on the anti-corruption war, although commendable, has not been met with commensurate outcome. This article examines Nigeria’s anti-corruption legislation in respect of the Proceeds of Crime (Recovery and Management) Act 2022 by providing legal analysis of this legislation in comparison with international best practices in the acquisition and disposal of these assets of crime. With the enactment of the Proceeds of Crime (Recovery and Management) Act 2022, the recovery of assets from the proceeds of crime remains the first priority of this legislation to meet the Government’s ambition to steadily increase the value of assets denied to and recovered from criminals. It does appear that the jurisprudential basis for the enactment of the Act is for the recovery of these assets through civil proceedings.

Keywords: criminal liability; forfeiture; Nigerian legislation; non-conviction-based recovery; proceeds of crime; right to property; stay of proceedings.
A batalha pelo nome: a campanha das novas direitas contra Marighella, de Wagner Moura
Authors: Turibio Thiago
Published: March 2023

O principal objetivo do artigo é analisar a campanha contra Marighella (Wagner Moura, 2019) com o fim de oferecer algumas razões sociais que explicam, ao menos em parte, a atual eficácia política das novas direitas. Nesse sentido, argumento que a retórica do ódio das novas direitas formula um discurso espectral, em que as mesmas narrativas e arquétipos são atualizados com o fim de manter seus interlocutores em permanente mobilização. No caso de Marighella, as novas direitas alegam que Wagner Moura estaria tomado pela “mentalidade revolucionária”, que o seu filme, além de ser uma peça racista, exaltaria um terrorista com recursos da lei Rouanet. Ao concluir, enfatizo que a eficácia política da retórica das novas direitas é melhor compreendida quando a pensamos no interior da totalidade social em que funciona, marcada por uma crescente espiral de instabilidade, típica do neoliberalismo. Para tanto, foram analisados por volta de 50 vídeos veiculados no YouTube, sobretudo em canais das novas direitas.
Carnaval-ritual: a linguagem fotográfica de Carlos Vergara
Authors: Silva Rodrigues de Oliveira Samuel
Published: March 2023

Com Carnaval-ritual: Carlos Vergara e Cacique de Ramos, Maurício Barros de Castro dá sequência à sua já extensa produção bibliográfica. Professor da Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (Uerj), ele destaca-se por sua formação interdisciplinar: graduado em Comunicação Social, realizou mestrado em Memória Social na Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Unirio) e doutorado em História na Universidade de São Paulo (USP), tendo trajetória na pós-graduação vinculada a orientação de José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy, um dos autores clássicos da História Oral no Brasil e de suas relações com a memória social.
Association between leptin gene polymorphism and growth traits in Bali cattle
Authors: Kurlyana T. , Hartatik T. , Sumadi S.
Published: March 2023

Leptin (LEP) gene produces hormone leptin which is secreted by adipose tissue, and plays an im-portant role in energy balance, regulating feed intake, regulating endocrine function, and immune functions. This study aims to identify molecular markers of LEP gene and its association with growth traits based on SNP in Bali cattle. The blood samples were collected from 16 male and 30 female Bali cattle. The growth data were recorded from 2018 to 2020, consist of body weight and body size. Am-plification of leptin gene with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using pair of primers, Lep-tin_3Forward: 5’- AGCTTGGAAACATGGTGGTC-3’ and Leptin_3Reverse: 5’- CATGATGCTCCCTGGATTCT-3’ with DNA target 898 bp. The SNPs were identified by the direct sequencing technique. Genotypes of the SNPs were identified using sequencing method. Association of LEP genotypes with growth traits was performed using oneway ANOVA. Three DNA polymor-phisms of the LEP gene were found, namely g.2913C/T, g.3260T/C, and g.3549G/A. SNP g.2913C/T was significantly associated (P<0,05) with weaning shoulder height (WSH), weaning body length (WBL), weaning chest circumference (WCC), yearling shoulder height (YSH), yearling body length (YBL), and yearling chest circumference (YCC). Meanwhile, SNPs g.3260T/C and g.3549G/A were not associated with the body weight and body size in Bali cattle. In conclusion, the SNP g.2913C/T can be used as molecular marker for body size in weaning and yearling of Bali Cattle.
Experten – Generalisten: Zwei Zukünfte
Authors: Fansa Jonas
Published: March 2023

Zwei alternative Zukunftsszenarien der Bibliotheksarbeit werden beschrieben. Eines zeigt den Weg der Bibliothek in eine hoch spezialisierte Arbeitsweise auf, in der die Institutionen vor allem Nischenfunktionen ausfüllen und keine ausgeprägte öffentliche Präsenz mehr haben – das zweite Szenario beschreibt Bibliotheken als öffentlich sichtbare und wichtige Einrichtungen in einer demokratischen Zivilgesellschaft.
Hydrogen blending in existing natural gas transmission pipelines: a review of hydrogen embrittlement, governing codes, and life prediction methods
Authors: Kappes Mariano A. , Perez Teresa
Published: March 2023

Existing natural gas pipelines provide an economic alternative for the transport of hydrogen (H2) in an envisioned hydrogen economy. Hydrogen can dissolve in the steel and cause hydrogen embrittlement (HE), compromising pipeline structural integrity. HE causes subcritical cracking, decreases ductility and fracture toughness, and increases the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR). This work analyzes the testing standards in gaseous hydrogen used to quantify those effects. Design code ASME B31.12 applicable to hydrogen pipelines has more stringent requirements than ASME B31.8 code commonly used for constructing natural gas pipelines. Differences in materials requirements specified by those codes are summarized. ASME B31.12 pipeline code applies for H2 at a concentration greater than 10% molar. However, recent testing programs acknowledge that H2 degrades steel mechanical properties regardless of its percentage in the blend. This paper discusses how the hydrogen degraded mechanical properties affect pipeline integrity. Decreased mechanical properties cause a drop in the failure pressure of a flawed pipeline, calculated following a fitness for service methodology. There is an increasing risk of subcritical crack growth in H2 as the hardness of base metal and welds increases. This paper analyzes where zones with high hardness and susceptible microstructures are expected in existing pipelines.
Hybrid and cognitive digital twins for the process industry
Authors: Johansen Stein Tore , Unal Perin , Albayrak Özlem , Ikonen Enso , Linnestad Kasper J. , Jawahery Sudi , Srivastava Akhilesh K. , Løvfall Bjørn Tore
Published: March 2023

In a Europe that is undergoing digital transformation, the COGNITWIN project is contributing to accelerate the transformation and introduce Industry 4.0 to the European process industries. The opportunities here can be illustrated by the SPIRE 2050 Vision document (https://www.spire2030.eu/sites/default/files/users/user85/Vision_Document_V6_Pages_Online_0.pdf), which states that “Digitalisation of process industries has a tremendous potential to dramatically accelerate change in resource management, process control and in the design and the deployment of disruptive new business models.” The process industries are characterized with harsh environments where sensors are either costly, not available, or may be subject to costly maintenance. The development of digital twins that can exploit the combinations of data-based and physics-based models is often found to be a preferred path to robust digital twins that can help cutting costs and reduce energy consumption. In this article, we present 5 out of 6 industrial pilots that are developed in the COGNITWIN project. We discuss the commonalities and differences between the selected approaches and give some ideas about how cognition can be incorporated into the digital twins. The aim of this article is to inspire similar projects in related industries.
Differentiation of dispositions toward ridicule and being laughed at in their relationships to self-reported eye contact aversion
Authors: Torres-Marín Jorge , Vizcaíno-Cuenca Rocío , Carretero-Dios Hugo
Published: March 2023

This investigation examines the associations of three dispositions toward ridicule and being laughed at with individuals’ self-reported aversion to making eye contact (EC) across different interpersonal scenarios. Data were obtained in a sample of 226 adults (53.5% women). Our results showed that the fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia) and the joy in laughing at others (katagelasticism) were positively associated with the presence of subjective experiences of EC aversion in both routine (RS) and socially threatening situations (STS). By contrast, the joy in being laughed at (gelotophilia) was unrelated to these mutual gaze-related behaviors. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that gelotophobia gave the best prediction of EC aversion regardless of the type of interpersonal situation (9–23% explained variance) after controlling for the influence of sociodemographics (effect sizes for STS > RS). Katagelasticism did not yield incremental variance in the prediction of any of these EC-related dimensions (<1%), which suggests that its prior correlations emerged due to overlapping variance with gelotophobia. Complementary further analyses revealed a significant interaction between gelotophobia (as a group factor) and the type of interpersonal situation on EC aversion. This revealed that whereas EC aversion in STS would increase as gelotophobia increases, solely gelotophobes—but not medium or lower scorers in gelotophobia—showed difficulties in maintaining EC effectively in RS. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the previous literature on EC, social behaviors, and laughter-related dispositions.
Computational research and the case for taking humor seriously
Authors: Cowie Roddy
Published: March 2023

Computational research underscores the complex abilities underlying humor. Two decades of work have achieved substantial progress in some areas, notably systems that make jokes; detecting and generating laughter; and using irony in interactions. Sophisticated evaluations clarify both strengths and limitations. The achievements illuminate specific abilities, but also expose unsolved problems. The way humor pervades life is harder to match than self-contained episodes. Learning techniques are powerful, but providing the data they need is daunting. The medium is no longer simply verbal, but other modalities present deep challenges, such seeing the humor in a situation. There are real applications, but the most striking still depend on human support. Achievements and limitations together underscore the scale of the challenges involved in understanding humor.
Multiscale theory
Authors: Grmela Miroslav
Published: March 2023

Boltzmann kinetic equation is put into the form of an abstract time evolution equation representing links connecting autonomous mesoscopic dynamical theories involving varying amount of details. In the chronological order we present results that led to the abstract time equation evolution in both state space and the space of vector fields. In the final section we list some open problems.
Analysis of 4-inch cold leg top-slot break LOCA in ATLAS experimental facility using MARS-KS
Authors: Jeong Hyunjoon , Kim Taewan
Published: March 2023

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has operated an integral effect test facility, the Advanced Thermal-Hydraulic Test Loop for Accident Simulation (ATLAS) with reference to the Advanced Power Reactor 1400 MW (APR1400) for transient and design basis accidents (DBAs) simulation. An experiment for a 4-inch cold leg top-slot break was performed at ATLAS to resolve a safety issue that the loop seal reformation (LSR) of APR1400 could lead to the increase of peak cladding temperature. In addition, the experimental data has been utilized to validate system codes within a framework of domestic standard problem (DSP) program organized by KAERI in collaboration with Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS). In this study, the experiment has been analyzed by thermal-hydraulic system analysis code, MARS-KS 1.5 and a comparison with experimental and calculation results has been performed. Since the top-slot break is not a typical break geometry for safety analyses, this study aims at examining the applicability of MARS-KS to the top-slot break accident where the LSR occurs repeatedly. The results revealed that overall physical behavior during the accident was predicted by the code, appropriately. MARS-KS showed the excursion of the peak cladding temperature because of the LSR as in experiment. It has been confirmed that the core integrity was maintained because the temperature excursion by the LSR was not large enough to alter the acceptance criteria. In addition, it is presented the results of the sensitivity analysis of parameter that affect the figure of merits.
Hemmnisse beim Data Sharing: Empirie und Handlungsempfehlungen
Authors: Röhl Klaus-Heiner , Scheufen Marc
Published: March 2023

Digitalisierung und Datenbewirtschaftung werden zunehmend zu bestimmenden Faktoren der wirtschaftlichen Tätigkeit von Unternehmen. Untersuchungen zeigen jedoch, dass viele Unternehmen in der Nutzung und insbesondere beim Teilen von Daten deutlich hinter den technischen Möglichkeiten zurückbleiben und die sich bietenden geschäftlichen Potenziale nicht ausnutzen. Dies liegt auch an Hemmnissen. Die bisherige Literatur zu den relevanten Hemmfaktoren ist jedoch überschaubar. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, analysieren Klaus-Heiner Röhl und Marc Scheufen Daten einer Unternehmensbefragung bezüglich verschiedener Hemmnisse. Wie sich ergibt, stuft eine überwiegende Mehrheit von Unternehmen insbesondere rechtliche Hemmnisse als relevant ein, was auf einen steigenden Bedarf an datenbezogener rechtlicher Expertise hinweist. Es zeigt sich, dass vor allem solche Firmen, die zur Datenbewirtschaftung eher fähig sind, signifikant häufiger rechtliche, aber auch andere Hemmnisse sehen. Die Autoren folgern, dass die höhere Sensibilität dieser Unternehmen für die Hürden beim Bewirtschaften von Daten im Allgemeinen und mit Bezug auf das Teilen von Daten im Besonderen ein Signal für wirtschaftspolitisches Handeln sein sollte.
Accelerating Maturation of Spatial Memory Systems by Experience: Evidence from Sleep Oscillation Signatures of Memory Processing
Authors: Contreras María P. , Fechner Julia , Born Jan , Inostroza Marion
Published: March 2023

During early development, memory systems gradually mature over time, in parallel with the gradual accumulation of knowledge. Yet, it is unknown whether and to what extent maturation is driven by discrete experience. Sleep is thought to contribute to the formation of long-term memory and knowledge through a systems consolidation process that is driven by specific sleep oscillations (i.e., ripples, spindles, and slow oscillations) in cortical and hippocampal networks. Based on these oscillatory signatures, we show here in rats that discrete spatial experience speeds the functional maturation of spatial memory systems during development. Juvenile male rats were exposed for 5 min periods to changes in the spatial configuration of two identical objects on postnatal day (PD)25, PD27, and PD29 (Spatial experience group), while a Control group was exposed on these occasions to the same two objects without changing their positions. On PD31, both groups were tested on a classical Object Place Recognition (OPR) task with a 3 h retention interval during which the sleep-associated EEG and hippocampal local field potentials were recorded. On PD31, consistent with forgoing studies, Control rats still did not express OPR memory. By contrast, rats with Spatial experience formed significant OPR memory and, in parallel, displayed an increased percentage of hippocampal ripples coupled to parietal slow oscillation-spindle complexes, and a stronger ripple-spindle phase-locking during the retention sleep. Our findings support the idea that experience promotes the maturation of memory systems during development by enhancing cortico-hippocampal information exchange and the formation of integrated knowledge representations during sleep.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCognitive and memory capabilities mature early in life. We show here that and how discrete spatial experience contributes to this process. Using a simple recognition paradigm in developing rats, we found that exposure of the rat pups to three short-lasting experiences enhances spatial memory capabilities to adult-like levels. The adult-like capability of building spatial memory was connected to a more precise coupling of ripples in the hippocampus with slow oscillation-spindle complexes in the thalamo-cortical system when the memory was formed during sleep. Our findings support the view that discrete experience accelerates maturation of cognitive and memory capabilities by enhancing the dialogue between hippocampus and cortex when these experiences are reprocessed during sleep.
Leveraging homologous recombination repair deficiency in sarcoma
Authors: Slade Dea , Loizou Joanna I
Published: March 2023

Personalised oncology is at the forefront of cancer research. The goal of personalised oncology is to selectively kill cancer cells while minimising side effects on normal tissue. This can be achieved by identifying and targeting cancer vulnerabilities that distinguish it from normal cells. Many cancers are deficient in high‐fidelity DNA repair pathways that maintain genomic stability, such as homologous recombination (HR). Such cancers are highly sensitive to targeted therapies that induce DNA damage or inhibit DNA repair pathways. A notable example and a poster child of personalised oncology are PARP1/2 inhibitors (PARPi) that selectively kill HR‐deficient (HRD) cancer cells by preventing repair of DNA gaps or single‐strand breaks (SSBs) (Slade, 2020). Inhibitors of cell cycle checkpoints such as CHK1 and WEE1 can also eliminate HRD cancers by pushing cancer cells through the cell cycle despite unrepaired DNA damage and causing death by mitotic catastrophe (Groelly et al, 2022). PARPi have been approved for the treatment of ovarian, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancer but other cancer types with an HRD signature (HRDness) may also respond to PARPi treatment. Planas‐Paz et al (2023) now show that many sarcomas show HRDness and respond to PARP1/2 and WEE1 inhibitors, thus offering a new personalised oncology approach for this treatment‐refractory cancer.
A stimulus‐contingent positive feedback loop enables IFN‐β dose‐dependent activation of pro‐inflammatory genes
Authors: Wilder Catera L , Lefaudeux Diane , Mathenge Raisa , Kishimoto Kensei , Zuniga Munoz Alma , Nguyen Minh A , Meyer Aaron S , Cheng Quen J , Hoffmann Alexander
Published: March 2023

Type I interferons (IFN) induce powerful antiviral and innate immune responses via the transcription factor, IFN‐stimulated gene factor (ISGF3). However, in some pathological contexts, type I IFNs are responsible for exacerbating inflammation. Here, we show that a high dose of IFN‐β also activates an inflammatory gene expression program in contrast to IFN‐λ3, a type III IFN, which elicits only the common antiviral gene program. We show that the inflammatory gene program depends on a second, potentiated phase in ISGF3 activation. Iterating between mathematical modeling and experimental analysis, we show that the ISGF3 activation network may engage a positive feedback loop with its subunits IRF9 and STAT2. This network motif mediates stimulus‐specific ISGF3 dynamics that are dependent on ligand, dose, and duration of exposure, and when engaged activates the inflammatory gene expression program. Our results reveal a previously underappreciated dynamical control of the JAK–STAT/IRF signaling network that may produce distinct biological responses and suggest that studies of type I IFN dysregulation, and in turn therapeutic remedies, may focus on feedback regulators within it.
Family and its protection in contemporary Polish legislation
Authors:   University of Bialystok, Fiedorowicz Anna Maria , Fiedorowicz Łukasz ,   Regional Court in Białystok
Published: March 2023

This article deals with issues related to the family and its protection in contemporary Polish legislation. The Authors focused on the attempt to define the subject of protection and its scope. Basically, they analyzed the regulations of the Polish family law. They also took into account constitutional provisions and provisions from other spheres of law affecting the family. The content was supplemented with practical professional experience of a probation officer from the family division.
Protection of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells toward oxidation by a polyphenol-rich plant extract
Authors: Kaminski Jacques , Haumont Marc , Prost-Camus Emmanuelle , Durand Philippe , Prost Michel , Lizard Gérard , Latruffe Norbert
Published: March 2023

Graphical abstract

Sarcopenia is a very disabling age-related disease which affects the mass and strength of skeletal muscles. This syndrome has no efficient treatment and is associated with important oxidative stress which could play important role in skeletal muscle degeneration. In this context, the cytoprotective activity and the antioxidant properties of a polyphenol-rich plant extract (PRPE) were evaluated in undifferentiated C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells (myoblasts). PRPE is a potent antioxidant mixture as shown by its reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging properties by using the Kit Radicaux Libres method and the dihydroethidium (DHE) scavenging assay. In addition, PRPE has significant protecting properties in C2C12 cells toward oxidative stress triggered by 2, 2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) which is an ROS generator, as measured by different complementary approaches. PRPE counteracts several AAPH-induced cytotoxic effects. PRPE prevents morphological changes evaluated by phase contrast microscopy and decreases the number of dying cells determined by counting in the presence of trypan blue and the intracellular ROS overproduction evaluated by flow cytometry after staining with DHE. In addition, PRPE tends to normalize the expression of genes (peroxiredoxin 1 (Pdrx1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Pgc1α)) involved in the oxidant stress defense under ROS exposure. Altogether; our data show that PRPE has potent antioxidant properties and protects C2C12 skeletal muscle cells toward AAPH-induced oxidative stress. These cytoprotective properties of PRPE in skeletal muscle cells submitted to a pro-oxidant environment deserve further investigation in the context of sarcopenia.
Acciones colectivas juveniles en Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: Seca María Victoria
Published: March 2023

Over the last decades, there appeared phenomena of social protest, collective action and participation with a strong youth component. This increased visibility of young people as a differentiated political subject with their own demands and actions has gone hand in hand with the expansion of youth studies. Therefore, this paper focuses on young people's motivations for participation in youth collective actions.  Methodologically, this research is qualitative and it's a multiple case study. There are two cases: a popular library and a cultural center. Both are located in working class neighborhoods in the metropolitan area of Mendoza, Argentina, and they are representative of other youth experiences that move away from the traditional structures of political participation. The motivational universe and the emotional field of participatory practices are studied. We conclude that there is an individual motivation that can only be solved collectively. In this process, the peer group provides meaning to the daily experience, bonds are created and an emotional community is generated that operates as a means and an end to collective actions.
Estudio bibliométrico del humanista Juan Andrés y la Escuela Universalista
Authors: Peña-Acuña Beatriz
Published: March 2023

The enlightened French are recognized in the history of scientific European thought appearing collected in school manuals. However, contemporary Spanish scholars of that time have been rescued for their intellectual height recently, since the 90s. Scientific production about the Universalist School is analyzed in the form of a bibliometric review, with special emphasis on the figure of Juan Andrés. Scientific articles are investigated in two databases of Web of Science and Dialnet. The results provide a sample of 51 articles in a range from 2001 to 2020 by 15 researchers, mostly national and male, highlighting Astorgano Abajo and Aullón de Haro. The articles are classified in Humanities works of the type of historical reconstruction and philological hermeneutics in Journals not only of Humanities, but also in those of Social Sciences. Mostly with a nature of character specialized in authors of this school or about specific issues. It is concluded that these themes have been scientifically consolidated by constancy, deepening, extension, quality, dissemination and by arousing an interest of a transdisciplinary nature.
Modelo para fomentar hábito lector en primaria a partir de la cocreación
Authors: MELO RODRIGUEZ CAROLINA , Franco Aldana Diego Andrés
Published: March 2023

This document exposes the design of a model to create the habit of reading based on a co-creation process with third and fourth grade students, parents and teachers of the José Celestino Mutis Municipal Educational Institution (Fusagasugá). The methodology had a mixed approach, using sources of documentary research and field work, through surveys of 78 students and 11 parents, interviews with four teachers and six experts, the application of a reading log for 21 days and the workshop on co-creation. From the results, it was identified that students like to read, enjoy reading in textbooks and feel that it contributes to the learning process, however, half do not have books at home, and their parents are not motivated to create this habit, so the model proposes to train parents in the formation of said habit.
Keywords: cocreation, innovation, reading habit, model
Properties of polyvinyl alcohol/palm kernel shell powder biocomposites and their hybrid composites with halloysite nanotubes
Authors: Alias Nur Fazreen , Ismail Hanafi , Ab. Wahab Mohamad Kahar
Published: March 2023

Biocomposites composed from polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH)/palm kernel shell powder (PKSP) were prepared via a solution casting method. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were used to gradually replace PKSP to study the effect of hybrid fillers and also to compare the properties of PVOH/PKSP biocomposites with a commercial filler, HNTs. The effect of HNTs’ addition on the biocomposites was investigated based on mechanical properties, physical properties, and its biodegradability. The incorporation of HNTs in the biocomposites enhanced the tensile properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed that better filler and matrix interaction was achieved after the incorporation of HNTs. Moreover, the water absorption and water vapour transmissibility (WVT) of biocomposites decreased. The biodegradability of biocomposites filled with HNT was lower compared to the biocomposites filled with PKSP.
Physical strength improvement of Eucalyptus alkaline hydrogen peroxide mechanical pulp by low-temperature plasma treatment
Authors: Huang Chongxing , Chen Yizhao , Zhao Yuan , Xue Dongjie , Li Cuicui , Zhu Mingxiu
Published: March 2023

Low-temperature plasma treatment technology is an efficient and environmentally friendly surface treatment technology that has been extensively studied for the surface chemical modification to pulp fibers. In this study, Eucalyptus alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp (APMP) fibers were modified using a low-temperature plasma generator. The tensile index of the fibers after low-temperature plasma treatment under different conditions was measured and analyzed to evaluate the relationship between the plasma treatment conditions and the physical strength improvement of APMP. It was revealed that factors such as gas source (oxygen, argon, and nitrogen gases), discharge power, vacuum level, and modification time affected the physical strength properties of APMP. In addition, the change in carboxyl group content in the pulp fibers after low-temperature plasma treatment was measured using the Headspace Gas Chromatography (HS-GC) method. The carboxyl content in the fiber increased remarkedly after low-temperature plasma treatment, which was beneficial for improving the physical strength properties of paper made from the APMP.
Electron transport studies of dye-Sensitized solar cells based on natural sensitizer extracted from rengas (Gluta spp.) and mengkulang (Heritiera elata) wood
Authors: Safie Nur Ezyanie , Ahmad Ludin Norasikin , Hamid Norul Hisham , Md. Tahir Paridah , Mat Teridi Mohd Asri , Sepeai Suhaila , Ibrahim Mohd Adib , Sopian Kamaruzzaman
Published: March 2023

Dyes extracted from rengas (Gluta spp.) and mengkulang (Heritiera elata) wood were investigated as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Three types of sensitizers, including individual sensitizer, mixture sensitizer, and co-sensitizer, exhibited different patterns of absorption properties under UV-Vis spectroscopy. The incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) was analyzed via spectral response to examine the generation of photocurrent. Because mixture sensitized DSSCs obtained broader absorption spectra, they were expected to achieve good light harvesting and hence, enhanced photocurrent and conversion efficiency. The photovoltaic performance was further examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The mixture sensitized DSSCs exhibited good conversion efficiency (0.21% and 0.30%) compared with individual sensitized DSSCs (0.16% and 0.11%). The co-sensitized DSSCs also showed increased conversion efficiency with ruthenium (N719) dye as a co-sensitizer. The parameters calculated from EIS analysis were used to determine suitable conditions for the dye to be implemented in DSSC. The behavior of electron transport was determined to be efficient due to the increase of electron diffusion coefficient, electron lifetime, and low recombination rate as achieved by the mixture sensitized DSSCs.
Nondestructive measurement of water content in hardwood leaves using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Shimbori Chisato , Kurata Yohei
Published: March 2023

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was applied to conduct nondestructive measurements of water content in hardwood leaves. The authors developed a prediction method using a partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis of NIR spectra data of six hardwood species. The pretreated spectra were compared by the full spectral range (1200 nm to 2500 nm) and short spectral ranges (1300 nm to 1600 nm [short range 1 (S1)] and 1800 nm to 2100 nm [S2]). Good prediction results were obtained for the full spectral range with six species. The correlation coefficient for prediction of each of the species ranged from 0.94 to 0.97, and the root mean standard error of prediction ranged from 1.59 to 7.72. Compared with the full spectral analysis, predictions based on S1 and S2 were less accurate. However, leaf water content could be predicted based on measurements in the S1 and S2 ranges. It was worth comparing the wavelengths in a preliminary experiment. In this research, NIR spectroscopy was a powerful nondestructive technique for determining the moisture content of tree leaves.
Investigating the potential of strength grading green Eucalyptus grandis lumber using multi-sensor technology
Authors: Nocetti Michela , Pröller Marco , Brunetti Michele , Dowse George P. , Wessels C. Brand
Published: March 2023

The exploitation of Eucalyptus grandis lumber as structural material may take advantage of the finger-jointing and edge-gluing of the boards while they are still wet, so as to reduce the natural susceptibility of the species to warp and split during drying. But the strength grading needed for structural uses, usually performed on dried lumber, should be done before any gluing process, then already in wet condition. Thus, detection and assessment of selected properties of the wet lumber were evaluated. Eucalyptus grandis boards were measured by a multi-sensor machine soon after sawing, then dried and measured again. Destructive bending tests were then performed to determine the mechanical properties of the lumber and several predictive models were compared. The determination of non-destructive parameters by the machine was as effective on fresh as on dry lumber. The dynamic modulus of elasticity was the best single predictor of mechanical properties. In contrast, the knot parameter did not show a correlation between strength and stiffness robust enough to justify the efforts to measure it. Wet grading proved to be as effective as dry grading. Therefore, the study suggests that measuring only dynamic modulus of elasticity on fresh lumber is the best approach for the mechanical grading of Eucalyptus grandis.
Characterization of a GH12 endoglucanase from Volvariella volvacea exhibiting broad substrate specificity and potential synergy with crude cellulase
Authors: Wang Zhen , Hu Yimei , Long Liangkun , Ding Shaojun
Published: March 2023

Fungal glycoside hydrolase family GH12 has a single catalytic domain, exhibiting a great diversity of properties and application potentials in biomass biorefinery, feed, and textile industries. To discover new GH12 enzymes from white- and brown-rot basidiomycetes for application in the saccharification of lignocelluloses, two putative genes, VvGH12A and VvGH12B, were identified from the Volvariella volvacea genome and classified into basidiomycetous subfamily GH12-1 and GH12-2, respectively. One enzyme VvGH12A was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris, and characterized. VvGH12A was the most active on CMC but with broad substrate specificities on polysaccharides with b-1,4 linked and b-1,3-1,4-mixed glucans. Furthermore, VvGH12A was also active on xylan and mannan. Unlike other fungal GH12 endoglucanases, VvGH12A showed a weak processivity independent of the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) due to both “endo” and “exo” types of enzyme activity. The pH-optimum was significantly affected by the acidity and basicity of amino acid at site 98. The enzyme optimum pH was engineered to a higher neutral or alkaline pH (from pH 6.5 to pH 7.0-8.0) when Asp98 was replaced with nonpolar or neutral or amide residue. VvGH12A exhibited synergistic action with crude cellulase from Trichoderma reesei D-86271 (Rut C-30) in saccharification of delignified wheat straw, suggesting that VvGH12A plays a functional role in efficiently hydrolyzing plant cell wall polysaccharides.
Application of the finite element model using 3D modeling of a human bone system with osteoporosis for biomedical and mechanical analysis
Authors: Sosa G Urriolagoitia , Corona MI Correa , Ángeles B Romero , Luna A Urriolagoitia , Anaya D Maya , Hernández M de la L Suarez , Enríquez A Trejo , Calderón GM Urriolagoitia
Published: March 2023

In the past, medicine was limited to developing diagnoses of the human beings’ skeletal system, especially considering that surgical operations would pose a risk to the health of the human being. However, today technology has evolved in such a way that a diagnosis and prediction of the health of the individual can be done, carrying out different analyses through computational numerical simulations and 3D modeling in order to study, evaluate and solve bone problems of the current human being without the need for surgical interventions even with the presence of degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis, which enables to obtain the most appropriate and specific solution for the human being, considering specific characteristics of the human body when diagnosing.
Definition of carbon equivalent and degree of eutecticity of cast iron in foundry production
Authors:   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of the NAS of Ukraine, Sirenko K. , Mazur V.
Published: March 2023

The issues related to the essence of the concepts of carbon equivalent, an indicator of the degree of eutecticity and the ratio of carbon content to silicon content for characterizing the chemical composition and properties of gray cast iron were analyzed. The results of studies of the carbon equivalent value, the degree of eutecticity and the C/Si ratio of the chemical composition of synthetic cast iron, which is used for the manufacture of brake pads and the «Khanin wedge» of railway rolling stock, are presented. Examples of different approaches and formulas for determining the limits and methods of using the carbon equivalent of the chemical composition of cast iron to characterize the weldability of steels, coefficient of friction, wear, other operational indicators of cast iron brake pads, and evaluation of the quality of cast iron as a whole are given and analyzed. Within the standards-regulated ranges of the content of chemical elements in cast iron, the value of its carbon equivalent in individual smelting batches of products can differ significantly (by 30 %). With certain ratios of the main elements in the chemical composition of cast iron, the values of the carbon equivalent can be the same, but the mechanisms of crystallization of cast iron and its properties do not coincide. The parameters of the distribution of the content of carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, carbon equivalent, and the degree of eutecticity in cast iron СЧ350, from which the friction «Khanin wedge» for railway rolling stock is made, were analyzed. Cleaning the factory arrays of indicators of chemical composition, hardness, carbon equivalent, degree of eutecticity of cast irons intended for the production of brake pads and the friction «Khanin wedge» from gross erroneous values practically did not affect the general characteristics of the statistical analysis, which indicates the reliability of the results. It is shown that when smelting in induction crucible furnaces gray synthetic cast iron intended for the production of brake pads and the «Khanin wedge», the ranges of variation in the content of C, Si, Mn, P, S are much narrower than those regulated by the standards for these foundry products. The fundamental possibility of introducing appropriate clarifications to the requirements of the standards regarding the content of chemical elements in synthetic gray cast iron intended for the production of brake pads of the «M» type and the friction «Khanin wedge» for railway rolling stock was noted, in particular, reducing the sulfur content to 0,05 % to increase stability of its quality. Keywords: cast iron, chemical composition, carbon equivalent, degree of eutecticity, properties, castings, brake pads, operational characteristics.
Університетські бібліотеки як центри наукових комунікацій (за досвідом вищих навчальних закладів Азербайджанської Республіки)
Authors: Гардашов Рашад , Казімі Парвіз
Published: March 2023

Досліджень щодо трансформації університетських бібліотек у наш час є чимало. Бібліотеки ВНЗ досліджуються в різних напрямках і аналізуються як частина навчального, педагогічного та наукового процесу. Безперечно, розширення функцій підвищує цінність і роль цих бібліотек.

У статті подано інформацію про питання комплексного висвітлення документних ресурсів з навчальної літератури бібліотечно-інформаційних центрів вищих навчальних закладів у сучасний час та проаналізовано приклади з досвіду роботи конкретних університетських бібліотек. До дослідження були залучені лише бібліотеки передових університетів Азербайджанської Республіки.

Університетські бібліотеки Азербайджану виступають одними з провідних структурних закладів вищої освіти. Прискореними темпами здійснюється процес перетворення бібліотек на центри духовних та інтелектуальних зв’язків, забезпечення освітньо-науковою, навчальною, науковою, методичною літературою та інформаційними матеріалами, що популяризують знання. У статті проаналізовано та зроблено практичні узагальнення на основі фактів, що базуються на вітчизняному та зарубіжному досвіді у цій сфері.

Вивчається світовий досвід роботи бібліотек вищих навчальних закладів та порівнюється з досвідом роботи бібліотек Азербайджану. Враховуючи практичне значення публічних бібліотек таких як: наукова бібліотека БДУ (Бакинського державного університету), Бібліотечно-інформаційний центр Азербайджанського державного педагогічного університету (АДПУ), бібліотека «Бакинського інженерного університету», «Головна бібліотека ім. Азербайджанський державний університет нафти та промисловості», бібліотека Азербайджанського університету «Лінгвістика» розглядався та порівнювався їх досвід роботи.
Філософська складова фамілістичних досліджень
Authors: Шаталович Олександр , Шаталович Інна
Published: March 2023

Актуальність статті викликана поверненням теми сім’ї у коло філософських досліджень. У ХІХ-ХХ століттях тема сім'ї, не зовсім заслужено, як на думку авторів статті, була витіснена з філософського дослідницького поля і практично монополізована соціологією, психологією і демографією. Останні десятиліття відбувається відновлення міждисциплінарного балансу, що підтверджується неухильним зростанням філософських досліджень сім'ї. Метою статті є систематизація і експлікація філософської складової фамілістичних досліджень, яка активно розгортається у сучасному науковому просторі. У ході дослідження були отримані такі результати. Кожна з наук (таких як соціологія, психологія, демографія та ін.), яка відокремлено досліджувала феномен сім'ї, виявилася не в змозі охопити його в повноті, що викликало у дослідників (зокрема, А. Антонов, В. Медков, Є. Рашковський) пропозицію про міждисциплінарний синтез наук про сім'ю. Реалізація зазначеного синтезу пов'язана, за своєю суттю, з вирішенням філософської задачі сучасного розгляду сімейної форми людського буття з найбільш загальної точки зору, або в перспективі, з формуванням нового філософського підрозділу – філософії сім'ї. У статті проаналізовано соціально-філософський, історико-філософський, гендерно-антропологічний, етико-аксіологічний, екзистенціально-феноменологічний, метафізичний, діалектичний, семіотико-лінгвистичний, філософсько-релігійний, філософсько-психологічний, філософсько-педагогічний, філософсько-культурологічний, системно-синергетичний та комунікативний напрямки. За допомогою даних підходів сім'я розглядається в якості концепту, поняття, універсалії, ідеалу, цінності, норми, екзистенціалу, феномену. Продуктивними для дослідження сім'ї є також поняття системності, самоорганізації, комунікації. Автори дійшли до наступних висновків. Хоча соціально-філософський напрямок є найбільш розвиненим, проте перспективними для подальшої розробки є метафізичний та етико-аксіологічний напрямки. До ключових тем виділених напрямків належать: метафізична значимість сім'ї, її онтологічні підстави і проблема визначення, а також проблема ідеалу християнської сім'ї та конфлікту ідеалів сімейного та особистого буття. Подальше виявлення філософських вимірів сім'ї дозволить поряд з визнаними в науковому співтоваристві дисциплінами, такими як «соціологія сім'ї», «психологія сім'ї» або «демографія сім’ї» сформувати актуальний для сьогодення напрям «філософія сім'ї».
Population decline will likely become a global trend and benefit long-term human wellbeing
Authors: Lutz Wolfgang
Published: March 2023

Summarising earlier publications, I draw a rather optimistic picture of the human future on this planet, if priority is given to universal education, and, in particular, to female education. The benefits of a greater focus on education range from a lower desired family size and empowerment to reach this goal, to better family health, to poverty reduction, to greater resilience, to expanded capacities to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and, ultimately, to the emergence of better institutions and social values that are less obsessed with material consumption and violent nationalism and more concerned with cooperation, care and wellbeing. I also show that extended periods of below replacement level fertility are beneficial for long-term human wellbeing, and that the human population is on the path to peaking during the second half of this century and then declining to 2–4 billion people by 2200. As this smaller population will be well-educated, they should be healthy and wealthy enough to be able to cope fairly successfully with the already unavoidable (moderate) effects of climate change.
Modéliser la prise de Constantinople (1204) •
Authors: Grévin Benoît
Published: March 2023

The fictional letters on the capture of Constantinople in 1204 and its aftermath written by the professor of rhetoric Boncompagno da Signa for his treatise Boncompagnus (1215/1226) form a prime document for examining the relationship between real and fictional correspondence in the Middle Ages. By comparing their content, structure, and rhetorical devices with those of a set of documents written on the same theme, including the letter sent by Baldwin of Flanders to Pope Innocent III to report on the events of 1204, it is possible to identify the way in which Boncompagno drew inspiration from this official letter to compose his model letter, and what differentiates them. This comparative analysis allows us not only to deepen our knowledge of the processes of the fictionalisation of history at work in Italy in the thirteenth century, but also to take a different look at the rhetoric of official letters or other texts (poems, stories) relating the same events.
Shinra Myojin and Buddhist Networks of the East Asian “Mediterranean” by Sujung Kim
Authors: McBride II Richard D
Published: March 2023

Shinra Myojin and Buddhist Networks of the East Asian “Mediterranean” by Sujung Kim. University of Hawai’i Press, 2020. 194pp. Hb. $80.00, ISBN-13: 9780824877996; Pb. $28.00, ISBN-13: 9780824888442.