bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foliar Insecticide Efficacy Trial, European Corn Borer, 1984
Authors: Gurecki Thomas , Smilowitz Zane , Rebarchak Paul
Published: March 2022

‘Silver Queen’ was planted 25 May at Rock Springs Agricultural Research Center, Centre Co., PA. Each plot consisted of 2 rows 25 ft in length with 4 replicates arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on 16, 22, 30 Aug, and 6 Sep using a Hi-Boy tractor equipped with a spray boom delivering 30 gal per acre. ECB damage was evaluated by selecting 5-10 stalks per plot and counting the number of entrance holes. On 11 Sep all ears larger than 6 inch were harvested and classified “damaged” or “marketable.” Rainfall totalled 6.07” for Jun, 3.22” for Jul and 5.33” for Aug. Average maximum and minimum daily temperatures (°F) were 87.0 and 47.3 for Jun, 86.5 and 49.0 for Jul, and 85.8 and 53.8 for Aug.
European Corn Borer Control in Whorl Stage Sweet Corn, 1985
Authors: Whalen J. , Vanderhoef H.
Published: March 2022

Sweet corn was planted on 25 Apr near Georgetown, DE. Treatments were arranged in 4-row plots, 20 ft long on 40-inch centers, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar treatments were applied on 14 Jun at the mid-whorl stage with a wheelbarrow design, CO2 pressurized sprayer using 1 nozzle per row delivering 28 gal/acre at 40 psi. Lorsban 15G was applied with a hand shaker in a 7-inch band over the whorl. Ten plant whorls were removed from each plot, unrolled, and the number of infested plants were counted.
Insect Control in Sweet Corn, 1985
Authors: Whalen J. , Vanderhoef H.
Published: March 2022

Sweet corn was planted on 20 Jun near Georgetown, DE. Single row plots, 20 ft long on 30-inch centers were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer using 1 nozzle per row delivering 60 gal/acre at 40 psi. Silk sprays were applied on 12, 15, 19, and 22 Aug. At harvest maturity (26 Aug), all ears from each plot were examined for economic damage and all live CEW, ECB, and FAW larvae were counted.
Whorl Applications to Control Fall Armyworm in Sweet Corn, 1985
Authors: Whalen J. , Vanderhoef H.
Published: March 2022

Sweet corn was planted on 20 Jun near Georgetown, DE. Plots were 4 rows wide on 30-inch centers and 20 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Granular whorl treatments were applied with a hand shaker in a 7-inch band over the whorl. Foliar treatments were applied with a wheelbarrow design, CO2 pressurized sprayer using 1 nozzle per row delivering 60 gal per acre at 40 psi on 25 Jul. All plant whorls were removed from each plot, unrolled, and the number of infested plants were counted.
Control of Onion Maggot, 1985
Authors: Grafius E. , Hayden J.
Published: March 2022

Onions were seeded at Brink Muck Farms, Grant MI on 22 Apr. Plots were single rows by 20 ft, arranged in a completely randomized block design with 4 replications per treatment. Granular insecticide treatments were applied with a standard v-belt seeder during seeding. Other plots were seeded with a Planet Jr. seeder (same planting shoe and depth as the v-belt seeder). The at-planting liquid Lorsban treatment was applied in the seed furrow, prior to seeding. Soil drench treatments were applied in a 2 to 3-inch band over the row at 50 gal of water per acre with a hand sprayer. Applications were made weekly (except for Lorsban and certain ABG-6178 treatments), beginning at first signs of oviposition and damage and continuing to the end of oviposition (15, 22, 29 May; 5, 12, 19, and 26 Jun). This was 2 wksor so longer than in 1983 or 1984, due to the early spring and long oviposition period. One hundred plants per plot were staked off immediately after plant emergence and checked weekly for onion maggot damage, 22 May through 2 Jul. Percent stand remaining after first generation damage was assessed from these same plants on 9 Jul. Harvest data was not taken since plant stands were not identical between v-belt and Planet Jr. seeded plots. Identical plots were established at the M.S.U. Muck Crops Experimental Farm, but damage in untreated plots (and other untreated areas on the farm) was less than 5% and no treatment differences occurred.
Control of Potato Insects with Foliar Insecticides, Larimer County, Colorado, 1985
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Jagne Jarra , Lordier Martha , Wawryznski Robert
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 9 May, ’85 at the Colorado State University Horticulture Research Center, Larimer County, CO. Plots were 3 row (30 inch spacing), 25 ft in length randomized in a complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied 12 Aug using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 61 gal/acre. Evaluation of potato psyllid and green peach aphid were made 16 Aug and 26 Aug by counting 35 leaves per plot. CPB larvae were collected from nearby vegetation and confined with treated foliage picked after sprays had dried. Mortality of CPB larvae was assessed 24 and 96 h after exposure to treated foliage.
Soil Applications of ABG-6112 to Control Colorado Potato Beetle, 1985
Authors: Jansson Richard K. , Smilowitz Zane
Published: March 2022

Hagerstown silt-loam soil was obtained from The Pennsylvania State University Agricultural Research Center in Rock Springs, PA, and placed (360 g oven-dried) in Dixie cups (11.5-cm diam). Seven concentrations of ABG-6112 ranging from 1 × 1010 to 1 × 1016 conidia per acre were used and compared to sterile-soil and non-sterile-soil treatments that were treated with distilled water. In all but the 1 × 1016 conidia/acre treatment, serial dilutions of ABG-6112 were prepared and applied to the soil surface in a 20-ml solution. In the 1 × 1016 conidia/acre treatment, ABG-6112 was applied as a powder to the soil surface and followed with distilled water (20 ml). The soil was mixed to produce an even distribution of conidia. The field capacity of the soil was 24%. Ten cups filled with soil (360 g oven-dried) were used to measure daily water loss. The percentage of water in the soil was maintained at ca. 25%. Five fourth-instar CPB were placed in each cup on 30 Jun. Larvae were collected from populations feeding on ‘Buckskin’ at The Pennsylvania State University Agricultural Research Center. Potato leaves (7-10th nodes on a stem) were excised from plants and placed in the cups. Cups were placed in a controlled-environment chamber and set at 25°C and 70% R.H. with a 16-h photophase and an 8-h scotophase to simulate field conditions. Treatments were arranged into a completely randomized design with twelve replications. On 20 Jul, all CPB were removed from the cups and mortality was recorded. Data were analyzed using the least-squares approach to analysis of variances. The Kolmogorov statistic and normality and residual plots were used to determine homogeneity of error variances. Means were separated using the Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test. Probit analysis of loglO concentration was used to determine the LC50, LC95, and LC99.
Control of Potato Leafhopper Nymphs with Foliar Insecticides, 1985
Authors: Watrin Clifford G. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted 24 May, at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount MN. Treatments were 20 ft long, with 40-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Insect numbers were estimated by counting nymphs on the underside of 35 leaves per plot. Foliar sprays were applied using a CO2 powered hand-sprayer delivering 36 gal of water/acre at 35 psi. Treatments were applied 22 Jul and 30 Jul. Percent control was calculated by comparison of treatment counts to those for the untreated control.
Control of Sweetpotato Flea Beetle Larvae on Sweet Potatoes, 1985
Authors: Linduska James J. , Bouwkamp John C.
Published: March 2022

‘Goldmar’ sweet potato sprouts were planted n single row plots (36-inch row spacing), 40 ft in length, on 30 May ’85. The spacing between plants within the row was 12 inches. The treatments ivere arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Granular treatments were applied in a 6 to 8-inch band using a shaker c an and then incorporated 2-4 inches into the soil on 30 May. Soil temperature at the 4-inch depth at the time of preplant application was 28°C. Yield data were taken from the entire 40 ft of row. All roots were examined for flea beetle larvae injury (shallow writing on the roots).
Foliar Sprays to Control Colorado Potato Beetle on Tomato, 1985
Authors: Gurecki Thomas , Smilowitz Zane , Yocum John O.
Published: March 2022

Trials were conducted in Landisville, Lancaster County, PA. ‘Roma’ tomatoes were transplanted on 15 May in rows 60 inches apart with 18-inch spacing between plants. Plots consisted of one 20-ft treatment row alternated with buffer rows planted to ‘Pick Red’ tomatoes spaced 36 inches apart. A randomized complete block design with 4 replicates was used. Insecticides were applied on 18 Jun, 16 Jul, 6 Aug with a CO2 pressurized back-pack sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre at 20 psi. Five stems per plot were sampled throughout the growing season for all stages of CPB. Plant damage rated on a I to 5 scale based on leaf loss were 1 = 0-5% loss, 2-6-25% loss, 3 = 26-50% loss, 4 = 51-75% loss, and 5 = >75% loss.
Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Fall 1984
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set 6 Sep, 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft wide by 8-inch high beds of Eau Gallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete blocks design. Treaments were applied 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 Oct, and 6, 13, 20 Nov with a 2.5-gal hand-held CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 80-115 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). On 15 Nov, the no. of small (less than 0.5 inch in length) and large (0.5 inch or longer) leaf mines were counted in a one-minute visual search of each plot. The no. of undamaged fruit and the no. of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae (principally the southern armyworm, S. eridania Cramer) or stink bugs were totaled over harvests taken on 19 and 27 Nov.
Apple, All Season Insecticide Test, 1985
Authors: Hamilton George C. , Herman Elizabeth , Swift Fred C.
Published: March 2022

A 15-year-old orchard located at the Rutgers Fruit Research & Development Center, Cream Ridge, NJ was used in this test. Sprays were applied to single-tree plots consisting of 2 replicates of ‘Yellow Delicious’ and 1 of ‘Red Delicious’ arranged in a randomized complete block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff (ca 5 gal/tree; 300 GPA) using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a hand-gun and operated at 200 psi. Spray dates were 12 Apr (P), 1-4 May (PF), 13 May (1C), 28 May (2C), 10 Jun (3C), 25 Jun (4C), 15 Jul (5C), 5 Aug (6C), and 2 Sep (7C). For disease control the entire orchard was sprayed with Captan and Polyram as needed. European red mite (ERM) estimates were made by randomly picking 25 leaves per replicate, brushing the mites onto glass plates and counting mobile mites. Sampling methods for the various insects in the tables are as follows: RAA = no. of RAA colonies/tree; AA = avg. no. of AA/terminal/tree (20 terminals counted); WALHa = no. of WALH nymphs and adults/3 minute count; WALHb = no. of WALH damaged leaves/3 minute count; EASFa = no. of EASF damaged fruit/3 minute count; STLM = no. of STLM mines/3 minute count; Stethorus = no. of S. punctum larvae, pupae and adults/ 3 minute count; PC = no. of PC damaged fruit/100; TPB = no. of TPB damaged fruit/100; AM = no. of AM damaged fruit/100; FS = no. of flyspeck damaged fruit/100; BR = no. of brown rotted fruit/100; RAA = no. of RAA damaged fruit/100; JB = no. of JB damaged fruit/100; TABM+LR = no. of TABM and/or LR damaged fruit/100; OFM+CM = no. of OFM and/or CM damaged fruit/100; EASFb = no. of EASF damaged fruit/100. Russet = avg. % russet/fruit (100 fruit evaluated); Sugar = avg. sugar content (% soluble solids)/fruit (100 fruit measured); Press = avg. pressure (Kg)/fruit (100 fruit measured); Diam = avg. diameter (mm)/fruit (100 fruit measured). Mite-days were calculated as follows: MD = MD1 + [(Ml + M2)/2 × Y], where MD1 = mite days already accumulated, Ml = avg ERM/leaf on a given counting date, M2 = avg ERM/leaf on the next counting date after Ml and Y = number of days between Ml and M2. Data were transformed to × + 1, or arcsin (x) prior to analysis of variance and comparison of means. In tables numbers followed by the same letter are not significantly different (alpha = 0.05; DMRT).
Potato Leafhopper and Pea Aphid Control on Alfalfa, 1985
Authors: Flessel John K.
Published: March 2022

A 5-yr stand of Saranae AR at OARDC at Wooster, OH was used for this study. Treatments were applied using a tractor-mounted Myers hydraulic sprayer, calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 20 psi. Plots were 30 × 30 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. The alfalfa was 16 inches tall at treatment (Jul 11) and 32 inches tall at the completion of the study. The weather was normal, with 5 days of precipitation totaling 1.95 inches. No rain during the first 72 h. Dyfonate was an encapulated formulation. Cygon was the standard. Data were transformed (square root plus 0.5) before analysis.
Slug Control in No-Till Alfalfa, 1985
Authors: Goh Kean S. , Specker Donald R. , Seaney Robert R. , Hatch Leon W.
Published: March 2022

No-till alfalfa plots were located at Halme and Caldwell Fields, Ithaca, NY. These fields were treated with 2 lb Al/acre of glyphosate in Oct ’84 before seeding of alfalfa in the spring ’85. Alfalfa was seeded at 12 lb/acre with a John Deere Power Til drill with 8-inch row spacing, and fertilized with 300 lb/acre of 0-25-25 on May 22 and Jun 3 at Halme and Caldwell Fields, respectively. Plots were 6 × 20 ft with treatments replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design. In each plot 2 holes, 4-inch diam × 6-inch deep, were excavated with a soil sampler and each covered with a 1 ft-square asphalt roofing shingle with aluminum foil glued to the top surface. These holes served as refuges for slugs and hence provided an efficient means of sampling. Sprays were applied with an air-activated bicycle plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 25 gpa at 40 psi, with 3 T-jet 8003 hollow cone nozzles. Molluscicidal baits were prepared by coating wettable powder on cracked corn with milk as a sticking agent. The prepared baits were applied evenly by hand at 20 lb/acre. Treatments were made on May 29 and Jun 14 during seedling emergence at Halme and Caldwell fields, respectively. Samples were taken by inspecting the holes for dead and live slugs at pretreatment, and at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days posttreatment. Alfalfa stands were visually rated on Jun 20. Three species of slugs were present, D. reticulatum being the major species.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, Louisiana, 1985
Authors: Wilson Howard K. , Quisenberry Sharron S. , Rabb James L.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted at the Red River Research Station on the first cutting of Fla. ‘7’ alfalfa. Plots were 6.4 m by 9.1 m and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Spray treatments were applied on 15 Mar with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to 20.2 gpa and 36 psi, using 8002 flat-fan nozzles on a 2.1-m boom. Conditions at treatment were air temperature 10°C with <2 mph wind. Precipitation during the test period was 9.07 cm. Samples were obtained at pretreatment and 3, 7 and 14 days posttreatment with a 38-cm diam sweep net by taking 10 pendulum sweeps per plot.
Control of Army Worm in Barley, 1984
Authors: Noetzel David M.
Published: March 2022

Plots were located on the Ponsford prairie 15 miles northwest of Park Rapids, MN in Becker county. Treatments were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 25 ft × 50 ft in size. Insecticides were applied in approximately 20 gal total material per acre using a hand held CO2 sprayer with 40 psi pressure. Application was 15 Jul ‘84 and oounts were taken 24 h posttreatment. Both living and dead larvae were counted in a band 6 inches wide from one corner to plot center.
Field Corn, Fall Armyworm Control in Whorl Stage Field Corn, 1985
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. , Guillebeau P. L.
Published: March 2022

planted 17 Aug, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee CO. Soil type was Appling coarse sandy loam. Randomized complete block experimental design with 2-row plots × 6.5-m long × 1-m row width × 1-m alleys. 5 replicates. Plants treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 500 liter/ha directed into the whorls of seedlings. Sprayed twice, 18 and 25 days after planting. Using a 0 to 7 damage index of the following: 0, no damage; 1, slight leaf feeding, but no indication of bud damage; 2, moderate leaf feeding, but no bud damage; 3 heavy leaf feeding, and no bud damage; 4, slight to moderae feeding, and slight bud damage; 5, moderate to heavy leaf feeding damage, and moderate to heavy bud damage; 6, heavy leaf feeding, and severe bud damage; and 7, plant virtually destroyed. Silage yield taken in the center 6 m of each plot on Nov 6.
Black Cutworm Control in Field Corn ii, 1985
Authors: Chmiel Stephen M. , Wollam John D.
Published: March 2022

‘Pioneer 3747’ field corn was planted in a sandy loam soil on 13 Sep at the Mobay Research Farm, Howe, IN. Plots measured 1 row × 15 ft with 4 replications in a completely randomized block design. Granular treatments were applied at planting to the soil in a 7-inch band using a Noble metering unit mounted on a bicycle applicator with no incorporation. Liquid applications were sprayed either at planting or as a rescue treatment a few hours after infestation, using a CO2 pressurized hand boom sprayer with 8002E flat fan tips at 20 psi and 20 gpa. Enclosures measuring 1 ft × 3 ft × 7 inches were randomly placed in each plot and corn populations within each enclosure were thinned to 10 plants. On 20 Sep, when the corn plants were in cotyledon stage, all plots were infested with 15 late third/early fourth stage laboratory reared black cutworm (BCW) larvae. Percent damaged and cut plants were determined 5 days post infestation by daily monitoring of each enclosure. A plant was considered cut if it was severed at or below the cotyledon. Plants were classified as damaged if cut or if other evidence of feeding was apparent.
Stalk Borer Control; 1985
Authors: Foster David E. , Wintersteen Wendy K.
Published: March 2022

The efficacy of selected foliar insecticides for the control of stalk borer were tested near Hale, Jones County, IA. Plots were planted to no-till corn on 30 Apr, at a rate of 24,000 seeds/acre on 30-inch rows. Thirty-one treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Plots were 8 rows by 75 ft. All treatments were applied 3 May using a 4-row boom sprayer, fitted with Tee Jet 8004 LP flat fan nozzles on 20-inch centers, propelled by CO2, and mounted on a Honda 110 ATV. Sevin XLR+ was applied at 13 psi and 10 gal/acre. All other insecticide treatments were applied at 18 psi and 20 gal/acre. Weather conditions at the time of application were partly cloudy, with an intermittent breeze 0-8 mph and temperatures ranging from 63-89°F during the application period. The weed control program consisted of 1 lb (AI)/acre of Bladex banded at planting plus 2 lb (AI)/acre of Dual and 3 lb (AI)/acre of atrazine broadcast preemerge. Stand counts were made on 8 May. Plots were evaluated on 17 May and 10 Jun by determining the number of stalk borer infested plants per 17.4 ft from the center of each of the 2 middle rows of each plot. Missing plants, along with those exhibiting dead heart or wilting were deemed to be stalk borer infested.
Sandhill Cutworm Control, 1984
Authors: Noetzel David M.
Published: March 2022

A locally severe outbreak of sandhill cutworm near Royalton, Mn permitted this trial. The soil type was glacial outwash sand. Moisture was adequate with air temperature min-max 38°F and 75°F. Plot size was nine 30-inch rows 50 ft long. A randomized complete block experimental design was used. Ten gal total material per acre was broadcast on undisturbed soil surface with no posttreatment cultivation. Corn height was 8 inches leaf extended on treatment date of 30 May ‘84. Corn stand loss was 82% before treatment and was uneven in the plot area. Stand counts were taken before and after treatment. Numbers of dead larvae per 6 rows × 25 ft long were counted 24 h posttreatment and are reported.
Corn Rootworm Larval Control in Field Corn, 1985
Authors: Ostlie K. , Ross S.
Published: March 2022

Soil-applied insecticides were evaluated for their performance against corn rootworm larvae at 3 locations in Minnesota. Each trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots measured 2 rows (1.5 m) × 16 m with 2 border rows between plots. Granular insecticides were applied at planting ahead of the presswheel in a 7-inch band using modified Noble metering units and were lightly incorporated. Plots were planted on 10, 13, and 28 May at Waseca, Lamberton, and Morris, respectively. Liquids, used as cultivation-time treatments, were applied on 7 Jun in a 7-10 inch band with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer delivering 17 gpa at 30 psi with 11004 Teejet nozzles. Tractor-mounted cultivators were used for incorporation. Rootworm feeding damage was rated on 5 washed roots per plot using the Iowa 1 to 6 scale (1 = no feeding, 6 = 3 or more nodes severely pruned). Damage ratings were made on 30 Jul, 5 Aug, and 8 Aug at Lamberton, Waseca, and Morris, respectively.
Chemigated Insecticides for Control of Second Generation European Corn Borer, Eckley, Co, 1985
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Pilcher Stanley D.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied on 13, 14 Aug ‘85 with a Pulsafeeder Hydracone R-1 pump, with the exception of Penncap M + oil which was applied with a Neptune hydratube pump. The second half of the split Lorsban treatment was applied on 21 Aug ‘85. A Valley sprinkler system with 360 degree low pressure drop nozzles was used. Plots were ca 5 acre sectors of the circle. Unless noted otherwise, the oil used was once refined nonemulsifiable soybean oil. Treatments were evaluated by splitting 4 sets of 10 plants and counting live larvae on 13 Sep ‘85.
Corn Root Aphid-Nematode Control, 1980
Authors: Peters Leroy L. , Doupnik Ben
Published: March 2022

Experiments were conducted in Phelps County, NE, to evaluate 3 insecticides for reducing corn root aphids and/or nematode damage to corn. Plots were 2 rows (spaced 0.9 m), 10.7 m long arranged in a Latin Square design Experiment 1 was located in an area of the field that had severe stand reduction in 1979. Experiment 2 was in an area that did not have severe stand reduction in 1979. The granular insecticide/nematicides were applied after planting but before corn was emerged with a Noble metering device mounted on a manually operated planter press wheel to give an 18-cm band over the planted furrow. Pretreatment and posttreatment nematode soil samples were taken with a 2.5 × 20-cm soil probe. Corn root aphids are transported from plant to plant by ants (Lasius neoniger Emery). To prevent disrupting the experiment by digging plants and counting aphids, insect control was based on number of active anthills/row. Yields were determined by hand harvest.
Large Plot Evaluation of Vydate for Early-Season Boll Weevil Control on Cotton, 1982
Authors: Benedict J. H. , Treacy M. F. , Segers J. C. , Maher B. R.
Published: March 2022

A large plot field study was conducted on a commercial farm near Robstown, TX, to evaluate the effectiveness of Vydate for control of boll weevils and fleahoppers. Vydate and Guthion were compared in 6 acre plots of cotton planted 12 Mar on 30-inch rows. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a paired block design. Treatments were applied beginning at the matchhead square stage on 28 Apr, 3, 8, 14, and 18 May. The first application was made with a high-clearance spray machine, while the last 4 applications were done with an airplane. Efficacy of the insecticides was evaluated by inspecting: (1) 150 plant terminals in each plot for the presence of fleahoppers, (2) 150 whole plants in each plot, via the beat-bucket method, for the presence of beneficial arthropods and (3) 150 squares in each plot for the presence of boll weevil and bollworm damage. Seed cotton for yield analysis was hand-harvested from designated 6.8-ft sections of row in each plot.
Foliar and Hopperbox Treatments with Orthene for the Control of Cotton Fleahoppers and Aphids, 1983
Authors: Benedict J. H. , Segers J. C. , Walmsley M. H. , Treacy M. F. , Schmidt K. M. , Maher B. R.
Published: March 2022

A field study was conducted on the Texas A&M Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi, TX, to determine the efficacy of Orthene 75S applied at different rates and formulations compared to Bidrin and an untreated check. The plot design was randomized complete block with 4 replications of 9 treatments. Plots were 8 rows wide by 40 ft and were planted on 28 Mar in beds spaced 38 inches apart. The soil type was Victoria sandy clay loam. The planting rate was 20 lb seed/acre. The plots of slurry treated seed received 0.075 lb (AI)/acre of Orthene 75S (based on 8 oz/100 lb seed). Foliar insecticides were applied with a backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver four gal of solution/acre in a band 20 inches wide on 16 May and 3 Jun. Aphids were sampled in the check and hopperbox treatments by examining 40 inches of row per plot, 36 Jays after planting. Fleahopper numbers and damage were determined weekly by visual examinations of 50 terminals per plot from 13 May to 6 jun.
Effect of Selected Insecticides on Black Cutworm in Cotton, 1985
Authors: Burris Gene , Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. , Donaldson Fred
Published: March 2022

Cotton was double planted at the Northeast Research Station for thick stands on 40-inch rows. One-m plots were arranged in randomized complete block design (4 replications) with 3-row separation to reduce drift. A 6-inch flexible lawn edge guard was cut and placed around the plots to confine worms. Stand counts were made on the date of infestation (1 May). Ten 5 to 7-day-old worms per plot were infested 24 h prior to treatment. Plots were treated with a 3-gal compressed air sprayer utilizing a hand spray boom calibrated to deliver 10 gal/acre. Treatments were applied 2 May and stand counts were made daily for 5 days following treatment.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Oklahoma 1985
Authors: Doss Michael , Price Richard , Neese Paul
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, OK. The cotton cultivar Stoneville 213 was planted on 29 May at a rate of 20 lb/acre. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications was utilized with plots containing 8 rows, 200 feet long. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 6000 sprayer traveling at 4.5 mph. The John Deere pumping unit was replaced with a Marco system equipped with a roller pump and powered by a 3 horsepower Briggs and Straton engine. Chemical applications were made using 1 hollow cone nozzle (spraying systems No. 8) per row with an output of 5 gal/acre at 40 psi. Three insecticide applications were made starting on 24 Jul followed by 1 Aug and 21 Aug. Treatments were to be applied on weekly intervals, however rainfall for the month of August made this impossible. Rainfull during this period was measured in inches and is as follows: 22 Jul, 0.04; 25 Jul, 0.07; 26 Jul, 0.22; 5 Aug, 1.06; 7 Aug, 1.65; 14 Aug, .78; 15 Aug, 0.08; for a total of 3.9 inches. Damage estimates were made by collecting at random 100 fruits from the upper one third of the plants in each plot.
Chemical Control of Carmine Spider Mite on Cotton, 1985
Authors: Fitt Johnny R. , Teetes George L.
Published: March 2022

'Stoneville 213' cotton was planted 7 May in rows spaced 40 inches apart. The experimental design for both experiments was a randomized complete block with 4 replications of 7 treatments including an untreated check. Plots for both studies were 6 rows wide and 60 ft long. Insecticide treatments were applied to the middle 2 rows of each plot with a high-clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gal of solution per acre through 2 TX-4 hollow cone nozzles per row at 43 psi and 2 mph. Insecticide treatments in both experiments were applied only once. Insecticide treatments in the first study received 0.8 inches of rain 1.5 h after completion of insecticide applications. Counts of adult female mites per leaf were made 5 and 10 days after treatment by examining the fifth mainstem node leaf on 5 plants per plot. Leaves inspected were tagged to ensure that the same leaves were sampled throughout the experiment. The number of adult female mites per leaf were counted in the field with the aid of a 5X lens. Yield for both experiments was calculated from hand harvested cotton of one 20-ft section of row per plot. Seed cotton weights were used for analysis. All cotton in each experiment was treated with Azodrin 17 May for thrips control. Cygon was applied 13 Jun for fleahopper control and Cythion RTU was applied 24 Jun for boll weevil control. Ammo was applied 1 and 12 Jul for control of Heliothis spp. Percent control due to treatment was calculated by Henderson's formula.
Early Season Insecticide Study (Msu), 1985
Authors: Luttrell R. G. , Bell M. , Reed J.
Published: March 2022

The relative efficacy of 24 insecticide treatments was evaluated at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS. Statistical design was randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows (38-inch centers) by 50 ft with 2 untreated rows between plots. Treatments except “as needed” treatments were applied on 3, 10, 14, 24 Jun, and 1 and 8 Jul. “As needed” treatments were applied to individual plots within treatments as indicated by scouting results. Application dates and average applications per plot for the “as needed” treatments were: Orthene, 3, 14 and 24 Jun, 1 and 8 Jul (average, 3.75); Cygon, 3 and 24 Jun, and 1 Jul (average 3.0); Cymbush, 3 and 24 Jun, 1 and 8 Jul (average, 3.25). All treatments were applied by spray tractor with 2 Teejet 4X nozzles/row calibrated for 6.5 gal/acre. All plots were oversprayed as follows (rates are lbs (AI)/acre): 12 Jul (Guthion 0.25); 19 Jul (Guthion 0.25 + Lorsban 0.5); 30 Jul (Guthion 0.25 + Ammo 0.05); 3 Aug (Guthion 0.25); 8 Aug (Pydrin 0.1); 14 Aug (Guthion 0.25 + Mavrik .05 + Bidrin 0.2); 21 Aug (Guthion 0.25 + Pay-off0.06 + Fundal 0.125); 23 Aug (Guthion 0.25); 27 Aug (Guthion 0.25 + Cymbush 0.06 + Fundal 0.125 + Bidrin 0.02); 30 Aug (Guthion, 0.25 + Cymbush 0.06 + Fundal 0.25). The 2 center rows of each plot were mechanically harvested 17 and 18 Oct. Cotton was scouted for thrips on 7 and 13 Jun by shaking plants into a cigar box. Whole plant counts on 5 row ft were made on 26 Jun, 2 Jul, and 10 Jul.
Insecticide Efficacy Against Heliothis Spp., 1985
Authors: Luttrell R. G. , Bell M. , Reed Jack
Published: March 2022

Twenty-seven insecticide treatments were evaluated at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, using a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows (38 inch centers) by 50 ft with 2 untreated rows between plots. Applications were made by spray tractor with 2 Teejet 4X nozzles per row, calibrated lor a total volume of 6.5 gal/acre. Treatment dates were 17 and 31 Jul, 8 and 13 Aug ‘85. All plots were oversprayed as follows (rates are lb (AI)/acre): 5, 10 and 25 Jun (Orthene 0.33); 19 Jul (Guthion 0.25 + Lorsban 0.5); 30 Jul and 9 Aug (Guthion 0.25); 21 Aug (Pay-Off 0.08 + Guthion 0.25); 23 Aug (Pydrin 0.1 + Guthion 0.25); 27 and 30 Aug (Pydrin 0.1 + Guthion 0.25 + Fundal 0.125). Efficacy of treatments was evaluated by random sampling of 25 terminals and 25 squares per plot on 5, 12 and 15 Aug, and by whole plant examination on all plants in 5 row ft on 23 Aug. The center 2 rows of each plot were picked mechanically on 17-18 Oct.
Microbial Study, 1985
Authors: Luttrell R. G. , Haney J. , Grant B.
Published: March 2022

A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used to evaluate biological insecticides against Heliothis spp. at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississipi State University, Starkville, MS. Plots were 4 rows (38-inch centers) by 50 ft. Applications were made by tractor with 2 Teejet 4X nozzles per row at a total volume of 6.5 gal/acre. All plots were treated 24 Jul and 12 Aug. Elcar and Dipel treatments included applications at approximately 1, 3 and 5-day intervals. AH plots were oversprayed as follows (rates are lb (AI)/acre): 10 Jun (Orthene, 0.33); 30 Jul, 3 and 9 Aug (Guthion, 0.25); 21 Aug (Guthion, 0.25 + Pay-Off, 0.06 + Fundal, 0.125); 23 Aug (Guthion, 0.25); 27 Aug (Guthion, 0.25 + Cymbush, 0.06 + Fundal, 0.125 + Bidrin, 0.2); 30 Aug (Guthion, 0.25 + Cymbush, 0.06 + Fundal 0.125). Cotton was scouted by randomly examining 25 terminals and 25 squares per plot within the center 2 rows on 14 Aug. The center 2 rows were mechanically harvested 17 Oct.
Evaluation of Temik for Control of Insect Pests on Cotton, 1985
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Benedict J. H. , Schmidt K. M. , Hopkins S. W. , Davidson T.
Published: March 2022

A large plot field study was conducted on a commercial farm near Tivoli, TX, to evaluate Temik for control of early-season insect pests on cotton. Four treatments and an untreated check were compared in 32-row by 1500 ft plots of cotton planted 7 Apr on 38 inch rows. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Temik was applied in the seed furrow at-planting with John Deere plastic hopper boxes. Side-dress applications of Temik were made at the matchhead square stage (31 May) with Gandy hopper boxes mounted to a tool bar equipped with Lilston rolling cultivators. Rainfall measuring ca. 10 inches occurred at the test site during the period 8-18 Apr. There was no rainfall for nearly 3 wk following the side-dress applications. Efficacy of the treatments was evaluated by inspecting: (1) the terminals of 30 randomly chosen plants in each plot for the presence of fleahopper nymphs and (2) the terminal leaves (third leaf from the apex) of 30 randomly chosen plants in each plot for the presence of aphids. Seed cotton was hand-harvested twice from designated 6.8-ft sections of row in each plot for yield analysis.
Effects of Droplet Characteristics of Permethrin Sprays Applied in Vegetable Oil and Water on Control of Heliothis Spp. in Cotton; 1984
Authors: Wofford J. T. , Luttrell R. G. , Smith D. B.
Published: March 2022

A small plot field study was conducted on the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS, to determine if insecticide carriers (vegetable oil and water) and droplet characteristics (droplet size and droplet concentration) influence control of Heliothis spp. in cotton. Four-row plots (3.87 m × 15.24 m) with 10-row buffers were planted to ‘Stoneville 825’ on 15 May and 1 Jun (2 replications required replanting) in a randomized complete block design. Vegetable oil treatments were varied by manipulating droplet size with Micro Max rotary atomizers set at 1600, 3500 and 5000 RPM and by using 3 different application rates (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 gpa) attained by varying the ground speed. Water treatments were similarly varied by using 3 different droplet sizes, attained with TX-6, TX-4 and TX-1 hollow cone nozzles, and 3 volumetric application rates (3.0, 6.0 and 12.0 gpa) attained by varying the number of nozzles per row and the ground speed. Permethrin (Pounce 3.2 EC) was used at 0.1 lb (AI)/acre for all droplet size-carrier-volumetric application rate combinations. The controls consisted of a water-only treatment, an oil only treatment and an untreated. Treatments were applied on 15, 20 and 27 Aug. Plots were evaluated 17 Aug by randomly pulling 25 squares from plants in each plot and observing the number of squares damaged by Heliothis spp. larvae. On 25 Aug whole-plant observations were made on 5 row feet to observe Heliothis spp. damage and numbers of fruiting structures present. On 5 Oct open bolls, unopened bolls and total bolls were counted on 5 row feet in each plot. Yield data were obtained by mechanically harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot on 21 Nov.
Apple, Evaluation of M0070616 + SD014114 (VENDEX) in Full-Season and in Post-Bloom Applications, 1985
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J.
Published: March 2022

M0070616, a pyrethroid insecticide, was tank mixed with variable rates of Vendex and applied to mature semi-dwarf ‘Red Delicious’ trees with a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Single tree treatments were used and replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff. Application dates were 4 Apr (pre-pink), 18 Apr (pink), 1 May (petal-fall), 21 May, 3 Jun, 27 Jun, 10 Jul and 9 Aug. Each rate of Vendex plus M0070616 was tested as a full season treatment and as a post-bloom treatment. A standard treatment (Lorsban) was included and the post-bloom plots of M0070616 plus Vendex were treated the same as the standard for pre-bloom applications. ERM was evaluated periodically throughout the season by randomly selecting 25 leaves/trees, brushing with a modified Henderson-McBurnie mite brushing machine onto glass plates and counting motile mites and eggs with a binocular microscope. Full-season and post-bloom treatments of M0070616 alone, as well as the unsprayed check required 1 application of Kelthane 4F (16 fl ox/100) on 18 Jun to reduce ERM to manageable levels.
Insecticide Control of Sorghum Midge in Georgia, 1985
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. , Chamberlin J. R.
Published: March 2022

Planted 21 Jun, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. Soil type was Appling coarse loamy sand. Randomized complete block experimental design with 2 row plots × 6.5-m long × 1-m n w width × 1-m alleys. 5 replicates. Plants treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 500 liter/ha directid on the heads when 15% of the panicles were in bloom, on 5 Aug and repeated on 9 Aug. Twenty-five consecutive plants in each plot were examined on 25 Oct and the percent head damage (seed loss) by sorghum midge was estimated.
Efficacy of Insecticides Against Green Cloverworm Larvae, 1985
Authors: Higgins R. A. , Neuman-Dye P. , Blodgett S. L. , Gibb T. J.
Published: March 2022

Naturally infested early-pod stage (R4) soybean plants were treated on 26 Aug. Insecticides control were applied to plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All plots consisted of 4 adjacent rows 7.5 m long with 76-cm interrow spacings. Sprays were applied in water (25 gpa) with a CO2 de-powered backpack sprayer equipped with 80 degree hollow cone nozzles.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Sunflower Moth, 1984
Authors: DePew L. J.
Published: March 2022

Ten insecticide treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling sunflower moth larvae. Test plots were established in an irrigated field of sunflower at the Garden City Branch Experiment Station, Garden City, KS. A randomized block design was utilized with 4 replications. Individual plots included 4 rows 12 m long (76-cm between rows) with 1.52-m alleys separating replicates. Insecticides were broadcast applied using a backpack CO2 pressurized sprayer equipped with Cone Jet hollow-cone sprayer nozzles (TX6). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 165.5 1 of finished formulation/ha at an operating pressure of 2.1 kg/cm2. Sprays were applied on 6 and 11 Jul when plants were in the 30% and 100% bloom stage, respectively. Treatments were evaluated 27 Jul by selecting 5 heads from each plot and placing them into large Berlese funnels for dry-down and larval recovery. After 48 h, heads were removed from the funnels and examined for additional larvae that might have remained in the heads. Larvae were counted and recorded as total number per 5 heads. Total rainfall from first treatment until posttreatment evaluation was 1.47 cm. Yield data were not obtained in this test because of a variation in plant stand and bird depredation on maturing seed before harvest.
Apple, Full Season Insecticide Test, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Hays Alan R.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied to a completely randomized block. Each treatment consisted of single trees replicated 4 times. Sprays were applied in 255 gal of finished spray per acre by a Bean orchard sprayer. Sprays were applied 11 May (PF), 25 May, 6 Jun, 19 Jun, 1 Jul, 14 Jul, 27 Jul, 8 Aug, 20 Aug and 5 Sep 85. Evaluations were made by examining 100 apples per replication for injury and categorizing the injuries by their respective pest. A single mite count was made in midseason by collecting 50 leaves from each replication and brushing them in a mite brushing machine. The resulting plates were examined using a stereo binocular microscope recording the numbers of ERM and predaceous mites on each plate.
Tobacco Flea Beetle and Hornworm Control with Soil Insecticides, 1985
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B.
Published: March 2022

Seven soil-applied insecticide treatment were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville. Granular and liquid formulations were applied and incorporated prior to transplanting on 20 May. Plots were 30 ft × 4 rows with 40-inch spacing between rows; plants were spaced 18 inches apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Flea beetle damage was reported as average number of feeding holes/10 leaves; counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 inches) from the top of the plant. Hornworm damage was counted on 3 Jul and expressed as % plants damaged. Soil type was Hermitage silt loam, 2-5% slope, and pH of 6.0.
Armyworm Control in Wheat, 1984
Authors: Noetzel David M.
Published: March 2022

Plots were located in Chippewa county 6 mi east of Milan, MN. Plots were 25 ft by 50 ft replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied in approximately 20 gal of total material per acre using a hand held CO2 sprayer at 40 psi pressure. Applications were made 10 Jul. Both living and dead larvae were counted in a 6-inch wide strip from one corner to the plot center.
Aphid Control of Late Planted Wheat with Foliar Applied Insecticides, 1985
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Halbert Susan , Bishop Guy W.
Published: March 2022

‘Twin’ wheat was planted 26 Apr. at the University of Idaho Research and Extension Center, Caldwell, ID, in a furrow-irrigated field. Plots were 5 ft wide by 20 ft long and each bordered by a 3-ft buffer strip. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer at 35 psi delivering 40 gal water/acre. Early sprays (2-4 aphids/tiller) were applied 27 Jun. Late milk and dough-stage sprays were applied on 9 and 12 Jul respectively. All other sprays were applied on 3 Jul. Aphids were sampled by examining 10 tillers taken at random through the length of the plot. Plots were counted on 4, 8, 16, and 23 Jul. Plots were harvested and yield taken 27 Aug.
Armyworm Control in Wheat, 1985
Authors: McPherson Robert M.
Published: March 2022

Three insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling armyworms in soft red winter wheat. Foliar insecticides were applied on 22 May on small grain grown on the Eastern Virginia Research Station in Richmond County, VA. A completely random experimental design was incorporated with 3 replications. Individual plots were 50 × 6 ft spaced 12 ft apart. Spray concentrate was applied with a CO2 sprayer at 22 psi that delivered 11.7 gal of finished formulation per acre. Flat Fan, Tee Jet AL8002, nozzles were used. The efficacy of individual treatments was determined 1, 7, and 14 days after application by inspecting 3 row-ft (on both sides of a single row) for the presence of live armyworm larvae.
Foliar Insecticides for Hessian Fly Control in Morocco, 1985
Authors: Regehr David L.
Published: March 2022

Three postemergence-applied insecticides were evaluated at 3 different rates, to determine their potential for protecting wheat already infested with Hessian fly eggs. Insecticides were applied 13 Dec to durum wheat at the 2-leaf stage, growing on the SOGETA Farm, 3 km west of Settat, Morocco. Five to 10 unhatched fly eggs were present per plant, mostly on the first leaf. Treatments were applied with a CO2-powered, hand-carried plot sprayer, with flat-fan (8001) tips, calibrated to deliver 24 gpa at 40 psi. Plots were 1.8m by 10m, replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Air temperature at application was 21°C. Weather was sunny and warm for 14 days following treatment, followed by a cool, rainy period. Twenty days after treatment, 10 plants were sampled from each plot and evaluated for tiller number, total living larvae per plant, percent of tillers with living fly larvae, and percent of plants with living larvae.
Insecticides for Hessian Fly Control in Morocco, 1985
Authors: Regehr David L. , Wilde Gerald E. , Hatchett Jimmy H. , Keith David L.
Published: March 2022

The objective of this trial was to identify reliable methods for preventing Hessian fly damage to wheat research plots in Morocco. Wheat was planted, and in-furrow/planting-time (IF/PT) treatments applied, on 6 Nov, to durum spring wheat. Plots measured 2 m by 11 m, arranged in randomized complete blocks with 4 replications. Foliar applications of Malathion, Metasystox, Croneton (ethiofencarbe), and Perfekthion (dimethoate) were begun when wheat was at the 2-leaf stage and repeated at intervals when warm weather favored fly activity (dates shown on table). They were applied with a CO2-powered sprayer with flat-fan (8002) tips calibrated to deliver 24 gpa at 30 psi. One treatment received 2 surface broadcast applications of Furadan 5G. Hessian fly infestation was examined on 10 and 4 plants per plot, sampled on 30 Dec and 27 Mar, respectively. Ten weeks without rain, starting in February, caused severe water stress and early senescence. On 9 May a 2-m2 sample was cut from each plot for straw and grain yield.
Chokecherry, Efficacy of Experimental Insecticides Against Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Carroll Co., OH, 1984
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J.
Published: March 2022

Experimental insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against late instar eastern tent caterpillars infesting roadside chokecherry. A KWH backpack mistblower operating at 0.5 throttle at aperature setting 3 was used to deliver ca. 300 ml of finished spray to the dominant tent and surrounding foliage in each of 4, single-tree replicates per treatment. The sky was sunny at 27°C with a breeze of 15-25 kph during application on 1 Jun. Treatment effectiveness was assessed on 4 Jun by dismantling the dominant tent in each sprayed tree and counting the number of living and dead caterpillars.
Control of Elm Leaf Beetle Larvae with Kryocide and San 416, FT. Collins, Co, 1985
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Wawrzynski Robert P.
Published: March 2022

Siberian elm foliage was sprayed August 29 to point of run-off using a hand operated mister. Two terminals on the tree were sprayed with each treatment. Foliage was immediately collected after drying, cut, and divided into 10 Petri dishes/treatment. Field collected larvae were placed in each dish at the rate of 10 larvae/dish. Leaves were replaced daily, collecting from the treated foliage. Elm leaf beetle mortality was assessed 24 and 96 h after exposure of larvae to treated foliage.