bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping Potential Planting Areas for Golden Camellias in North Vietnam
Authors: DO Tran Van , MANH Tran Duc , TUAN Nguyen Van , TRUNG Phung Dinh , THANG Nguyen Toan , THUYET Dang Van , DUC Dao Trung , LINH Mai Thi , KHUONG Ninh Viet , LAM Vu Tien , THINH Nguyen Huu , SON Hoang Thanh , BON Trinh Ngoc , LUONG Ho Trung , THUAN Vu Van , PHUONG Nguyen Thi Thu
Published: November 2020

This study mapped potential areas for planting golden camellias in Cao Bang province, North Vietnam. Natural conditions (elevation above sea level, annual precipitation, and annual air temperature), where 6 golden camellia species (Camellia impressinervis, C. kirinoi, C. megasepala, C. tuyenquangensis, C. hamyenensis, and C. tienii) naturally distribute, were used for mapping. Three map layers (topography, precipitation, and air temperature) were used. Each main condition was classified into 3 levels for planting, “not suitable”, “suitable”, and “very suitable”. The results indicated that 1,970 ha, accounting for 0.3 % of the total land area of Cao Bang province, was classified as “very suitable” for planting golden camellias. “Suitable” areas counted for 62.7 %, and “not suitable” areas accounted for 37 % of the total land area, respectively. Mapping suitable planting areas is the 1st step for the successful planting of any species. It is recommended that golden camellias should be first planted in very suitable areas, after which planting may be extended to some suitable areas.
Liberdade profissional e exercício ilegal da medicina: o caso do curador Eduardo Silva
Authors: Rocha Rafael Rosa da
Published: November 2020

Este artigo analisa como os casos relacionados à liberdade profissional em medicina se desenrolavam nos anos iniciais da Primeira República, contexto em que um novo Código Penal e uma nova Carta Constitucional foram elaborados visando sofisticar e renovar os mecanismos reguladores do Império. Para tanto, analisamos as críticas desferidas por um jornalista de um periódico do Rio de Janeiro contra a sentença do renomado juiz Viveiros de Castro sobre o caso do curandeiro Juvêncio Serafim, alfaiate negro que lidava com raízes e pós, colocando em perspectiva como a interpretação do juiz era inovadora diante das leituras que se faziam sobre os dispositivos legais. Além disso, analisamos o inquérito do engenheiro e curador Eduardo Silva que praticava a imposição das mãos, era branco, letrado, possuía recursos financeiros e uma robusta rede de relacionamentos. O objetivo é contribuir para o debate historiográfico acerca da liberdade profissional, apresentando algumas perspectivas em torno da questão e como brancos e negros eram tratados pelo aparato judicial quando eram indiciados pelo exercício ilegal da medicina.
Emergency preparedness: Interviews with senior leadership in Nebraska hospitals
Authors: Roy, PhD Shreya , Bekmuratova, PhD Sarbinaz , Medcalf, PhD Sharon , Sayles, MS Harlan , ElRayes, MD, PhD, FACHE Wael , Ringel, PhD Jeanne S. , Shope, PhD Ronald J.
Published: November 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore perceptions of senior leadership in hospitals on the motivations, cost, benefits, barriers, and facilitators of investment in emergency preparedness. Study design: This is a qualitative study which used a grounded theory approach to develop a theory of hospital emergency preparedness. Setting and study participants: A purposive sample of hospital leaders (n = 11) in the US state of Nebraska were interviewed.Results: Results showed that the environmental risk associated with the hospital location, the hospital’s position in the community, and the preparedness requirements of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services contribute to investment decisions. Rural hospitals face unique challenges in preparing for disasters, for example, lack of trained personnel. Facilitators of disaster preparedness include the availability of federal funds, the commitment of leadership, and an organizational mission aligned toward emergency preparedness. Hospitals invest in hazard vulnerability assessments; partnerships with other organizations in the community; staff trainings and infrastructure.Conclusions: The authors concluded that hospitals in Nebraska are committed toward investing in preparedness activities. The theory of hospital emergency preparedness developed will be used in a subsequent study to develop a decision-support framework for hospital investment in preparedness.
Escaping the Norm: Games for Wider Participation with a Sense of Success
Authors: Moore Leigh , Campbell Narelle
Published: November 2020

This practice report describes how escape rooms have been used by one Australian university to successfully engage with high-school students who reside in areas of relative socio-educational disadvantage. We discuss how the escape room approach aligns with Lizzio’s Five Senses of Success and offer recommendations for further use and evaluation.
Online Student Expectations: A Multifaceted, Student-centred Understanding of Online Education
Authors: Henry Mel
Published: November 2020

University students are more likely to feel satisfied and persist with their studies if their experiences have met their expectations, and vice versa (Wu, Tsai, Chen, & Wu, 2006). Understanding what online students expect, therefore, is important to guide how universities might satisfy and retain these students. Research into online student expectations to date, however, has been limited to pre-defined expectations of the academic experience, and extrapolations from traditional higher education. To gain a deeper understanding of what online students expect, the author conducted in-depth interviews with 43 commencing online students. Thematic analysis revealed online students’ expectations were described by six key themes: Motivation, Ability, Circumstances, Interaction, Curriculum, and Environment. The findings offer an empirical, student-centred, and multifaceted understanding of online student expectations. Opportunities are illuminated to clarify inaccurate expectations, and to design online education to better meet student needs, facilitating enhanced online student satisfaction and retention.
Entre la 'necesidad y urgencia' y el derecho indígena: reclamo territorial en el sur de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Engelman Garreta Juan Manuel
Published: November 2020

En las últimas dos décadas, la población indígena que reside en la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (RMBA) ha consolidado espacios de participación institucional y organización etnopolítica en los ámbitos locales. Diversas son las experiencias que dan cuenta de este fenómeno, dada la heterogeneidad de pueblos y nucleamientos existentes en la región. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo describir la complejidad que implica llevar adelante el reclamo de tierras urbanas en el marco del reconocimiento estatal argentino. Para ello, nos centraremos en una reciente experiencia que, desde hace años, protagoniza el “Consejo Indígena de Almirante Brown” junto a la “Coordinación de Pueblos Originarios de Almirante Brown” en torno a la solicitud de un conjunto de predios urbanos. Finalmente, reflexionaremos acerca de cómo se constituyen las demandas indígenas sobre el territorio urbano, en un campo de sentidos donde el Estado al tiempo que reconoce atraviesa la demanda.
Developing Productive Skills through an Interactive Approach: Present to Learn
Authors: Milad Marine
Published: November 2020

This paper aims at presenting an interactive approach that was implemented on Arab Open University (AOU) students to enrich their productive skills namely speaking, oral presentation and writing skills. The researcher aimed at establishing a community of practice through a blended learning environment which considers non-traditional multicultural leaner. This community of practice presents a combination of face-to-face facilitated learning, e-learning and self-study. The researcher applied “Present to Learn” approach on AOU students employing Johari Windows Model to develop the identified productive skills and break the students’ stage fright through collaboration in groups. An observation checklist was developed to check the students’ oral presentation and writing prompts. In addition, a questionnaire was developed to measure the students’ satisfaction towards the applied interactive approach and their assessment of the whole experiment. It was observed that cooperative work especially with having critical partners has improved the students’ performance achievement through learning from each other in one group and competing with other groups. The collected feedback from the questionnaire was in favour of applying this approach on more groups which was implemented across three consecutive academic semesters. Moreover, the students’ end results were statistically analysed and a correlation between high performance achievement and active participation inside and outside the class was drawn. The results have shown that students who participated by giving presentations reflecting their group work obtained higher grades than those who failed to work with others or did not give any presentations.
Análise de Impacto Regulatório (AIR) e participação social no Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Cristóvam José Sérgio , Sonsol Gondim Liliane , Pereira de Sousa Thanderson
Published: November 2020

No contexto do paradigma do Estado regulador busca-se, precipuamente, determinar os traços da Análise de Impacto Regulatório (AIR) no Brasil e, nesse seguimento, identificar a participação social, suas potencialidades e desafios. No aspecto metodológico, adota-se abordagem dedutiva, com técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica, legislativa e documental. Infere-se, da pesquisa realizada, que a AIR corresponde ao procedimento de verificação de evidências para lastrear edição ou alteração de ato normativo regulatório, caracterizando-se predominantemente pela técnica. Entretanto, é mecanismo aberto à participação social, que se corporifica na fase de elaboração do relatório de AIR e no processo de deliberação propriamente dito. Apesar dos desafios enfrentados (captura das agências e assimetria informacional), a participação social representa instrumento para a legitimação e melhoria da política regulatória, bem como conduz à adoção de um modelo regulatório responsivo.
Mathematical Laboratory: Semiotic mediation and cultural artefacts in the mathematics classroom
Authors: Bartolini Bussi Maria G.
Published: November 2020

Aim of this presentation is to summarize the influence of Tamas Varga on the Italian research and practice concerning didactics of mathematics since the 70s of the 20th centuries. While being in Budapest for the Conference I noticed that this influence was not known by most Hungarian mathematics educators. I guess that also in Italy, only the teacher educators of my generation know Varga’s influence on the teaching and learning of mathematics in primary school. Hence I start from a brief summary of development of mathematics curriculum in Italy (mainly in primary school) in the last decades of the 20th century. I focus some elements that may be connected with Varga’s influence and, later, some recent development of them.

Subject Classification: 97G20, 97-U6, 97A40
Mapping students’ motivation in a problem oriented mathematics classroom
Authors: Báró Emőke
Published: November 2020

This research focuses on mapping students’ motivation by implementing problem-solving activities, namely how the problem-oriented approach affects the students’ commitment, motivation, and attitude to learning. As a practicing teacher, the author faced difficulties with motivation and sought to improve her practice in the form of action research as described in this paper. Based on the literature, the author describes sources of motivation as task interest, social environment, opportunity to discover, knowing why, using objects, and helping others. The author discusses the effect of problem-oriented teaching on the motivation of 7th-grade students. In this paper, the results of two lessons are presented.

Subject Classification: 97C20, 97D40, 97D50, 97D60
Straight line or line segment?
Authors: Moravcová Vlasta , Hromadová Jana
Published: November 2020

The article focuses on students’ understanding of the concept of a straight line. Attention is paid to whether students of various ages work with only part of a straight line shown or if they are aware that it can be extended. The presented results were obtained by a qualitative analysis of tests given to nearly 1,500 Czech students. The paper introduces the statistics of students’ solutions, and discusses the students’ thought processes. The results show that most of the tested students, even after completing upper secondary school, are not aware that a straight line can be extended. Finally, we present some recommendations for fostering the appropriate concept of a straight line in mathematics teaching.

Subject Classification: 97C30, 97D70, 97G40
Report of the conference "Connecting Tamás Varga’s Legacy and Current Research in Mathematics Education"
Authors: Artigue Michèle , Gosztonyi Katalin , Kónya Eszter , Vancsó Ödön
Published: November 2020

On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of the Hungarian mathematics educator, didactician and reform leader Tamás Varga, a conference on mathematics education has been organized in November 2019 and held at the Hungarian Academy of Science.
Complex-Parameter Integral Iterations of Caratheodory Maps
Authors: Babalola Kunle Oladeji , Sidiq Mashood
Published: November 2020

Recent studies in the class of Bazilevi$\check{c}$ maps as a whole has compelled the development, in this work, of certain complex-parameter integral iterations of Caratheodory maps. The iterations are employed in a similar manner as in \cite{BA} to study a certain subfamily of those Bazilevi$\check{c}$ maps.
Comparison of the Effect of Eight Weeks of Water-Based Versus Land-Based Cycling on Serum Levels of Testosterone and IGF-1 in Elderly Men
Authors: Shafei Abolfazl , Fathi Mehrdad , Mosaferi Ziaaldini Mohammad
Published: November 2020

Background: aging is accompanied by multiplie changes in the body, mainly due to hormonal changes. Few favorable comprehensive exercise prescriptions are defined for older adults. Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the effect of eight weeks of water-based versus land-based cycling on serum levels of testosterone and IGF-1 in male elderly. Methods: Twenty participants were randomly allocated into two groups of water-based cycling (n = 10; mean age = 64.1 ± 5.4 years; and body mass index (BMI) = 25.2 ± 2.4 kg/m2) and land-based cycling (n = 10; mean age=63.8 ± 4.3 years; and BMI = 25.0 ± 3.7 kg/m2). Both groups received eight weeks of cycling program at 60% to 70% of maximum heart rate, three sessions per week. In the first week, training sessions were nearly 30 minutes, then increased by 2 minutes per week. At the baseline and the end of the program, the fasting blood of participants was measured to evaluate testosterone and IGF-1 concentrations. Results: After providing the intervention, the serum testosterone level was significantly increased in the WBC groups (18.75%, P = 0.010), nevertheless, it was significantly decreased in the LBC group (20.69%, P = 0.042). Also, serum IGF-1 level was significantly increased in the WBC group (9.69%, P = 0.005), though, it didn’t change in the LBC group after providing the intervention (-5.9%, P = 0.555). The independent sample t-test indicated an increased level of testosterone in the WBC (P < 0.05) compared to the LBC group. However, there was no difference in IGF-1 level between the two groups. Conclusions: Water-based cycling program caused alters in testosterone and IGF-1. This proposes that WBC protocol may stimulate anabolic effects in older adults.
Ultrasound and Radiography Evaluation of the Tips of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Neonates Admitted to the NICU
Authors: Kadivar Maliheh , Mosayebi Ziba , Ghaemi Omid , Sangsari Razieh , Saeedi Maryam , Shariat Mamak , Mehdizadeh Mehrzad , Mohamadi Shirin , Majnoon Mohammad-Taghi , Mirnia Keyvan
Published: November 2020

Background: Appropriate and accurate easy access tools are necessary to overcome complications from malpositioned line tips of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in critically ill neonates. Ultrasound is a radiationless, cost-beneficial, and time-saving method that allows medical personnel to manipulate the line and correct possible malposition of this tip. In addition, it reduces the need for a second radiography. Objectives: We compared the effectiveness of sonography with radiography for confirmation of the line tip placement. Methods: This prospective descriptive-analytical study was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Tehran Children’s Medical Center (tertiary level), Tehran, Iran. Neonates who were candidates for PICC implantation according to the ward’s protocol were enrolled in the study. Radiography and sonography were performed after catheter insertion by a radiologist blinded to the preliminary radiographic reports. The results of both methods were compared and interpreted by statistical analysis using the chi-square and Pearson correlation tests. Results: A total of 90 infants, 45 (50%) males and 45 (50%) females, were assessed. We noted that 17 (18.8%) cases had malpositioned tips according to the radiographs. Malpositioning of the line tips were identified in 21.1% of cases by sonography (P ≤ 0.05), which indicated a higher accuracy for sonography compared to radiography. Both methods were appropriately correlated regardless of the underlying variables. Sonography had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 89.5%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 97.3%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. Conclusions: Our findings show that sonography can be a more accurate, safer bedside tool, with fewer complications compared to radiography in PICC tip placement determination in neonates. Multi-center studies with increased sample sizes should be performed to confirm replacement of radiography by sonography as the gold standard test for confirmation of PICC tip positioning.
Inter-membrane association of the Sec and BAM translocons for bacterial outer-membrane biogenesis
Authors: Alvira Sara , Watkins Daniel W , Troman Luca A , Allen William J , Lorriman James S , Degliesposti Gianluca , Cohen Eli J , Beeby Morgan , Daum Bertram , Gold Vicki AM , Skehel J Mark , Collinson Ian
Published: November 2020

The outer-membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is critical for surface adhesion, pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance and survival. The major constituent – hydrophobic β-barrel Outer-Membrane Proteins (OMPs) – are first secreted across the inner-membrane through the Sec-translocon for delivery to periplasmic chaperones, for example SurA, which prevent aggregation. OMPs are then offloaded to the β-Barrel Assembly Machinery (BAM) in the outer-membrane for insertion and folding. We show the Holo-TransLocon (HTL) – an assembly of the protein-channel core-complex SecYEG, the ancillary sub-complex SecDF, and the membrane ‘insertase’ YidC – contacts BAM through periplasmic domains of SecDF and YidC, ensuring efficient OMP maturation. Furthermore, the proton-motive force (PMF) across the inner-membrane acts at distinct stages of protein secretion: (1) SecA-driven translocation through SecYEG and (2) communication of conformational changes via SecDF across the periplasm to BAM. The latter presumably drives efficient passage of OMPs. These interactions provide insights of inter-membrane organisation and communication, the importance of which is becoming increasingly apparent.
Convergence of cortical types and functional motifs in the human mesiotemporal lobe
Authors: Paquola Casey , Benkarim Oualid , DeKraker Jordan , Larivière Sara , Frässle Stefan , Royer Jessica , Tavakol Shahin , Valk Sofie , Bernasconi Andrea , Bernasconi Neda , Khan Ali , Evans Alan C , Razi Adeel , Smallwood Jonathan , Bernhardt Boris C
Published: November 2020

The mesiotemporal lobe (MTL) is implicated in many cognitive processes, is compromised in numerous brain disorders, and exhibits a gradual cytoarchitectural transition from six-layered parahippocampal isocortex to three-layered hippocampal allocortex. Leveraging an ultra-high-resolution histological reconstruction of a human brain, our study showed that the dominant axis of MTL cytoarchitectural differentiation follows the iso-to-allocortical transition and depth-specific variations in neuronal density. Projecting the histology-derived MTL model to in-vivo functional MRI, we furthermore determined how its cytoarchitecture underpins its intrinsic effective connectivity and association to large-scale networks. Here, the cytoarchitectural gradient was found to underpin intrinsic effective connectivity of the MTL, but patterns differed along the anterior-posterior axis. Moreover, while the iso-to-allocortical gradient parametrically represented the multiple-demand relative to task-negative networks, anterior-posterior gradients represented transmodal versus unimodal networks. Our findings establish that the combination of micro- and macrostructural features allow the MTL to represent dominant motifs of whole-brain functional organisation.
Professional Development Workshops: Determination and Fulfillment of Educational Requirements in Measurement-Evaluation
Authors: Gürsoy Gülden , Özpolat Esen Turan
Published: November 2020

The present study aimed to determine the educational requirements for teachers in measurement-evaluation and whether the professional development (PD) workshops organized based on these requirements have an impact on evaluation literacy, attitudes, and self-efficacy perceptions of the teachers. The mixed-method design, where both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, was employed. A total of 204 middle school teachers participated in the study that aimed to determine the educational requirements of teachers in measurement-evaluation. For maximum diversity, 17 science teachers with different genders (10 male 7 female) and seniority between 3 and 15 years attended PD workshops. Five data collection instruments, including a survey form, three scales, and an interview form, were used to collect the study data. In quantitative analysis, descriptive statistics, dependent groups t-test, multilinear regression analysis were employed and the content analysis method was used in qualitative analysis. The analysis of the study data demonstrated that there were positive changes in assessment literacy, attitudes, and self-efficacy perceptions of the teachers towards measurement-evaluation, and it was determined that the workshop model was applicable in PD programs. As teachers’ knowledge of assessment increased, they increasingly relied on self-knowledge and decided to adopt the new assessment techniques they learned. After the training requirements of the teachers were determined, it was recommended that the professional development training should be supported to meet their needs in workshops based on the study findings.
A Pre-Research Field Work Partnership Agreement Will Benefit Literacy Research Project Partnerships
Authors: Holt Latasha
Published: November 2020

Challenges exist between the university course professors, pre-service teachers, and field work partnerships in literacy education programs. This article discusses a need to create and implement a pre-research field work agreement to increase the efficiency of literacy research projects conducted between the university and the practicum school partnership. Based on collected formal and informal research, disconnects are hindering the overall literacy research project goals from being accomplished. Specific challenging issues that are identified include ensuring placement diversity, geographical issues, researcher access to records, and adequate placement opportunities within the needed content focus supported by a highly qualified mentor. Resolutions to the challenges can be better addressed if a systematic, organized pre-research field work partnership agreement is in place.
The Relationship between Prospective Social Studies Teachers’ Attitudes towards Gender Roles and Entrepreneurship Levels
Authors: Seçgin Fadime , Tural Ayşegül
Published: November 2020

Social studies is an important course to include current issues and associate them with life. Within the course, the concept of gender and supporting the entrepreneurship of individuals are noteworthy. Since it is an interdisciplinary course, the recognition of gender roles, and understanding correctly and developing the concept of entrepreneurship are emphasized in the course content. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the prospective social studies teachers’ attitudes towards gender roles considered to play an important role in the emergence of entrepreneurial skills and their entrepreneurship levels. For this purpose, the study was carried out using a relational screening model. The study group consisted of 222 prospective teachers studying in social studies teacher education program at a university located in the Central Black Sea Region of Turkey during the 2016-2017 academic year. In the study, Gender Roles Attitude Scale developed by Zeyneloğlu (2008) and University Students Entrepreneurship Scale developed by Yılmaz and Sünbül (2009) were used as data collection tools. As a result of the study, it was found that there is a significant relationship between the participants’ egalitarian gender role attitudes and entrepreneurship levels.
Geographic variation in the skull morphology of the lesser grison (Galictis cuja: Carnivora, Mustelidae) from two Brazilian ecoregions
Authors: Migliorini Raissa Prior , Fornel Rodrigo , Kasper Carlos Benhur
Published: November 2020

Background

The lesser grison (Galictis cuja) is one of the least known carnivores in the Neotropical region. Its wide geographical occurrence and range of habitats could lead to morphological variations along its distribution. So, this study aimed to investigate the variation in skull shape and size of this species, by testing the existence of ecotypes adapted to their respective environments (Uruguayan savanna and Atlantic Forest), as well as its relationship with selected abiotic variables.

Methods

The skulls of 52 museum specimens were photographed in the ventral, dorsal, and lateral views, and were analyzed using geometric morphometric techniques.

Results

We found sexual size dimorphism, with males being larger than females. The shape variation between sexes, as well as between ecoregions, is mostly explained by the effect of allometry. The specimens from Uruguayan savanna are larger than the ones from the Atlantic Forest. Size variation was also significantly correlated to latitude, temperature and precipitation patterns. No correlation between skull shape with geographical distance was detected.

Discussion

Morphometric measurements and diet data of lesser grison in regions from higher latitudes than our sampling show a tendency to heavier individuals, and the consumption of bigger prey compared to Uruguayan savanna. The results indicated the smaller specimens associated to low variability in annual temperature, congruent to Atlantic Forest region. An explanation for observed variation may be related to the “resource rule” but, due the minimal natural history information regards this species, we can just speculate about this.
SONITA-STHAPANA MAHAKASHAYA: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Khandelwal Richa , Nathani Sumit , Murthy A R
Published: November 2020

Ayurveda is a great science and have very enormous ancient literature in Samskrita language like brhatrayi and laghutrayi. Many of Ayurveda concepts and terms have not been recognized yet due to its intricacy. One such type of term is sonita-sthapana. Sonita-Sthapana term is given by Acarya Charaka in the context of Mahakasaya. This review is based on different commentaries on Ayurveda text and different modern text and information available on internet. On the basis of the review it is clear that sonita-sthapana is a broad term which includes rakta-prasadana, rakta-Stambhana and rakta-vardhana property. Some of drugs of this Mahakasaya are having all three properties, others having one or two, and acts accordingly.
MEDICO-LEGAL DUTIES OF DOCTOR IN CASE OF SUSPECTED POISONING: A REVIEW
Authors: Raut Parmeshwar P , Pawade Uday V , Nikam Ashwin V , Anjankar Meghsham P
Published: November 2020

The doctor attending the patient of poisoning has to fulfill his duties, first as medical professional then as a medico legal professional. While treating the patient of suspected poisoning, the role of doctor is not only to treat the patient but also to handle the legal formalities. In such cases, it is must to keep documentation record accurate and clear. In government hospitals, doctors have to inform all the cases of suspected poisoning to nearest police officer or magistrate while in private hospitals, doctors are bound to inform homicidal cases only. If case of suspected poisoning proves fatal, medical practitioner should never grant a death certificate but must communicate the facts of death to the nearest police officer for necessary investigations. This article highlights the legal aspects in poisoning cases which will help the doctor to do justice to the legal management of poisoning cases.
INTERPRETATION OF SNAYU IN CLASSICAL TEXTS BASED ON INFERENTIAL ANATOMICAL EXPLORATIONS: A REVIEW
Authors: R Vidhyaprabha
Published: November 2020

Contemporary validation is the need of the hour when it comes to Ayurveda. Discrepancy in theories of Ayurveda and contemporary science makes this validation quite challenging. The anatomical terms mentioned in the classical texts need to be deciphered appropriately as the impact of these ideas are not just limited to a structure but to its physiological, surgical, pathological and surgical aspects. The term Snayu has always been a controversial structure when it comes to an anatomical validation. The objective of this review article is to correlate Snayu and its types to structures in the human body on the basis of cadaveric dissection through observation and inference. The methodology involved is a thorough literary review on structure and location of Snayu and its comparison to the anatomical structure in the background of dissection techniques and observation methods used in the ancient texts. It was observed that Snayu can be correlated to fibrous structures of human body like fascia, ligaments, tendons, aponeurosis etc.
ASHTA AHARA VIDHI VISHESHA AYATANA: A REVIEW
Authors: Paul Antony , Bhat Smitha
Published: November 2020

Health is wealth”, is a statement that reverberates the importance of health in an individual’s life. But it is ignored that, health is dependent on multiple factors associated with life. Ayurveda explains three Upastambhas, which is to be observed for leading a healthy life. They are Ahara, Nidra and Brahmacharya, among which Ahara stands the first. Adequate nutrition through diet is very much needed for the maintenance of life, but, health comes up with following of systematic rules and regulations in diet. For this there is a unique approach that is explained in Ayurveda, which is Ashta Ahara Vidhi Vishesha Ayatana. In this we find the guidelines for healthy dietary habits like choosing of appropriate food, the right processing, the different combination with food, the right quantity etc. Likewise there are a total of eight dietetic rules and conducts that are explained in this context. With the current scenario, it is noticed that, there is a huge spike in GIT disorders and lifestyle related diseases. It is also undoubtedly established fact that, altered diet habits of the modern world are a leading causative factor for it. The necessity for a scientific and stable dietetic regimen for encountering these issues is in great demand. Taking these into account it is wise to look into the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. Here, following Ashta Ahara Vidhi Vishesha Ayatana, which have a huge potential in bringing back the normal health of an individual can be taken into account as a solution.
NEEDLE FREE INJECTION TECHNOLOGY: A REVIEW
Authors: S Geetha Pushpanjali , V Leela Praveena , P V Swamy
Published: November 2020

Needleless injection systems are novel ways to introduce various medicines into patients without piercing a conventional needle. Needleless injection technology was developed to reduce the number of needle-stick accidents and associated problems; easy to use, disposable and their use is expected to increase considerably. Self-administration is feasible with these devices. This technology is used to deliver not only drugs but also proteins, peptides, monoclonal antibodies, small molecules and vaccines. This review describes pre-requisites, comparison between hypodermic and needle free injections, manufacturing process, components, types and marketed products.
Entrepreneurial Intention of Final Year Undergraduate Students of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Authors: Madhushyanthi Shanika , Wijerathna Madhavi
Published: November 2020

Aims: The scientific literature on Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) among agricultural university students in Sri Lanka is meager. Therefore, the focus of this study was to evaluate the EI and to understand what factors affect on EI of the final year undergraduate students of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.

Study Design: The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. A stratified simple random sample of 100 final year undergraduates that represented 50% of each of the three degree programs of the Faculty of Agriculture, university of Peradeniya were selected for the study. The primary data was collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire.

Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka from October 2018 to February 2019.

Methodology: The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used to measure the EI. Thus, it examined the influence of personal attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control factors on EI. Short-term risk taking, perceived structural support and social capital on business start-up were examined as additional variables to the theory.

Results: The results revealed that each of the TPB variables significantly (P = 0.05) affect on EI, with an overall R2 = 0.606. Attitudes were the strongest predictor of EI, followed by subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. However, overall level of EI of the students was neutral. Awareness programmes, financial support, introducing and updating the entrepreneurial subjects were some major suggestions of the respondents to improve entrepreneurship among the students.

Conclusion: Attitudes toward entrepreneurship is the strongest predictor of EI. However, overall EI of the students was neutral. Improving individual attitudes through motivational programmes, providing an approving nature of the staff towards entrepreneurship (subjective norms), mechanisms to develop entrepreneurial capabilities among students and linking entrepreneurship to the present curriculum, would be important to improve the EI of the students leading to a greater entrepreneurship.
Crop Weather Relationships of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Different Sowing Windows and Hybrids
Authors: Dadapeer B. H. , Sridhara S. , Gopakkali Pradeep
Published: November 2020

A field experiment was conducted to know the crop weather relationships under different sowing windows and hybrids in maize at the College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, during Kharif 2015. The experimental site is situated at 14°01 to 14°11 North latitude and 75°401 to 75°421 East longitude with an altitude of 650 meters above mean sea level. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a factorial concept and replicated thrice. There were eight treatment combinations, including four-date of sowing (15th June, 30th June, 15th July and 30th July) and two hybrids (PAC-740 and CP-818). Maize sown on 15th June recorded significantly higher grain yield (7632.57 kg ha-1) as compared to other dates of sowing and among the hybrids, CP-818 (7060.72 kg ha-1) was found superior than PAC-740 (6776.93 kg ha-1). Grain yield had a highly significant positive correlation with weather parameters such as cumulative pan evaporation (0.85**), cumulative solar radiation (0.83**), cumulative rainfall (0.79**) and average relative humidity (0.75**) during silking to maturity stage. The variation in grain yield was primarily affected by average maximum temperature (69%) followed by cumulative sunshine hours (68%) and cumulative pan evaporation (66%) during sowing to maturity and lower variation was observed in average relative humidity (54%) during silking to maturity. From the present findings it can be inferred that sowing maize on June 15th with CP-818 hybrid can be a better option to get higher productivity in southern transition zone of Karnataka.
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the mental health of healthcare workers in a hospital setting—A Systematic Review
Authors: Sanghera Jaspinder , Pattani Nikhil , Hashmi Yousuf , Varley Kate F , Cheruvu Manikandar Srinivas , Bradley Alex , Burke Joshua R
Published: November 2020

Objectives

The SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic has subjected healthcare workers (HCWs) to high risk of infection through direct workplace exposure, coupled with increased workload and psychological stress. This review aims to determine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mental health outcomes of hospital-based HCWs and formulate recommendations for future action.

Methods

A systematic review was performed between 31st December 2019 and 17th June 2020 through Ovid Medline and Embase databases (PROSPERO ID CRD42020181204). Studies were included for review if they investigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mental health outcomes of hospital-based HCWs and used validated psychiatric scoring tools. Prevalence of ICD-10 classified psychiatric disorders was the primary outcome measure.

Results

The initial search returned 436 articles. Forty-four studies were included in final analysis, with a total of 69,499 subjects. Prevalence ranges of six mental health outcomes were identified: depression 13.5%-44.7%; anxiety 12.3%-35.6%; acute stress reaction 5.2%-32.9%; post-traumatic stress disorder 7.4%-37.4%; insomnia 33.8%-36.1%; and occupational burnout 3.1%-43.0%. Direct exposure to SARS-CoV-2 patients was the most common risk factor identified for all mental health outcomes except occupational burnout. Nurses, frontline HCWs, and HCWs with low social support and fewer years of working experience reported the worst outcomes.

Conclusion

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health of HCWs. Frontline staff demonstrate worse mental health outcomes. Hospitals should be staffed to meet service provision requirements and to mitigate the impact onmental health. This can be improved with access to rapid-response psychiatric teams and should be continually monitored throughout the pandemic and beyond its conclusion.
Workplace and community social capital and burnout among professionals of health and welfare services for the seniors: A multilevel analysis in Japan
Authors: Murayama Hiroshi , Nonaka Kumiko , Hasebe Masami , Fujiwara Yoshinori
Published: November 2020

Objective

Despite the potential of the social capital approach in preventing burnout, there is sparse evidence of its contextual effect. This study aimed to reveal the contextual association of workplace and community social capital on burnout among professionals of health and welfare services for seniors in Japan.

Methods

We collected data from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey for all health and welfare professionals working in Community Comprehensive Support Centers (CCSCs) in the central Tokyo area in 2015. We assessed burnout using the Japanese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which consists of three subscales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. We prepared social capital items regarding workplace (the CCSC the participants belonged to) and community (the current catchment area of the CCSC). We aggregated individual responses of workplace and community social capital within each CCSC to create group-level workplace and community social capital indicators.

Results

Among the 1771 questionnaires distributed, we analyzed 1110 from 211 CCSCs. Multilevel analysis showed that higher group-level workplace social capital was significantly associated with lower scores of all three subscales after adjusting for covariates. Moreover, we found a significant association between greater group-level community social capital and lower scores of depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment.

Conclusion

Working in workplaces and communities with higher social capital is related to lower burnout. The findings suggest that strategies to enhance the social capital of their workplace and community would be beneficial in the prevention of burnout among professionals in the field of health and social welfare.
The role of brain innate immune response in lysosomal storage disorders: fundamental process or evolutionary side effect?
Authors: Vitner Einat B.
Published: November 2020

Sphingolipidoses are diseases caused by mutations in genes responsible for sphingolipid degradation and thereby lead to sphingolipid accumulation. Most sphingolipidoses have a neurodegenerative manifestation characterized by innate immune activation in the brain. However, the role of the immune response in disease progression is ill‐understood. In contrast to infectious diseases, immune activation is unable to eliminate the offending agent in sphingolipidoses resulting in ineffective, chronic inflammation. This paradox begs two fundamental questions: Why has this immune response evolved in sphingolipidoses? What role does it play in disease progression? Here, starting from the observation that sphingolipids (SLs) are elevated also in infectious diseases, I discuss the possibility that the activation of the brain immune response by SLs has evolved as a part of the immune response against pathogens and plays no major role in sphingolipidoses.
From membrane to mineralization: the curious case of the ABCC6 transporter
Authors: Verschuere Shana , Van Gils Matthias , Nollet Lukas , Vanakker Olivier M.
Published: November 2020

ATP‐binding cassette subfamily C member 6 gene/protein (ABCC6) is an ATP‐dependent transmembrane transporter predominantly expressed in the liver and the kidney. ABCC6 first came to attention in human medicine when it was discovered in 2000 that mutations in its encoding gene, ABCC6, caused the autosomal recessive multisystemic mineralization disease pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). Since then, the physiological and pathological roles of ABCC6 have been the subject of intense research. In the last 20 years, significant findings have clarified ABCC6 structure as well as its physiological role in mineralization homeostasis in humans and animal models. Yet, several facets of ABCC6 biology remain currently incompletely understood, ranging from the precise nature of its substrate(s) to the increasingly complex molecular genetics. Nonetheless, advances in our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms causing mineralization lead to several treatment options being suggested or already tested in pilot clinical trials for ABCC6 deficiency. This review highlights current knowledge of ABCC6 and the challenges ahead, particularly the attempts to translate basic science into clinical practice.
Predicting osimertinib‐treatment outcomes through EGFR mutant‐fraction monitoring in the circulating tumor DNA of EGFR T790M‐positive patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (WJOG8815L)
Authors: Sakai Kazuko , Takahama Takayuki , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Azuma Koichi , Takeda Masayuki , Kato Terufumi , Daga Haruko , Okamoto Isamu , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Teraoka Shunsuke , Ono Akira , Ohira Tatsuo , Yokoyama Toshihide , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Nishio Kazuto
Published: November 2020

The WJOG8815L phase II clinical study involves patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that harbored the EGFR T790M mutation, which confers resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive value of monitoring EGFR genomic alterations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with NSCLC that undergo treatment with the third‐generation EGFR‐TKI osimertinib. Plasma samples of 52 patients harboring the EGFR T790M mutation were obtained pretreatment (Pre), on day 1 of treatment cycle 4 (C4) or cycle 9 (C9), and at diagnosis of disease progression or treatment discontinuation (PD/stop). CtDNA was screened for EGFR‐TKI‐sensitizing mutations, the EGFR T790M mutation, and other genomic alterations using the cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2 (cobas), droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), and targeted deep sequencing. Analysis of the sensitizing—and T790M—EGFR mutant fractions (MFs) was used to determine tumor mutational burden. Both MFs were found to decrease during treatment, whereas rebound of the sensitizing EGFR MF was observed at PD/stop, suggesting that osimertinib targeted both T790M mutation‐positive tumors and tumors with sensitizing EGFR mutations. Significant differences in the response rates and progression‐free survival were observed between the sensitizing EGFR MF‐high and sensitizing EGFR MF‐low groups (cutoff: median) at C4. In conclusion, ctDNA monitoring for sensitizing EGFR mutations at C4 is suitable for predicting the treatment outcomes in NSCLC patients receiving osimertinib (Clinical Trial Registration No.: UMIN000022076).
Toughened epoxy‐liquid polybutadiene networks cured with anhydride with outstanding thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Soares Bluma Guenther , Silva Adriana A. , Lima Verônica D. , Barros Deborah N. , Livi Sebastien
Published: November 2020

Toughened epoxy systems cured with anhydride‐based hardener were successfully prepared by incorporating nonpolar liquid polybutadiene (PB) previously functionalized with isocyanate groups (PBNCO). The NCO groups in PBNCO react with the hydroxyl and/or epoxy groups of the matrix forming a ER‐PB‐ER triblock copolymer. The block copolymer is evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In fact the modified epoxy resin (ER) networks presented domains with cocontinuous‐like morphology, composed by PB and ER phases in nanomeric dimensions. The effect of PBNCO on the curing process of ER was studied by rheometry. Also the resulting networks were characterized by mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties, differential scanning calorimetry, and TEM. By adding an amount of rubber as high as 20 phr, a great improvement of toughness (around 140%) and impact resistance as well as a good transparency were achieved without significantly affecting the modulus and stiffness. Also the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased around 10°C with the presence of 5 phr of PBNCO. Even with the addition of 20 phr of rubber, the Tg of the system was superior than that found for the neat epoxy network. The outstanding physic‐mechanical performance is attributed to the peculiar morphology.