bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Vibration Isolation Properties of a Pneumatic Suspension System for the Seat of a Working Machine with Adjustable Stiffness
Authors: Wos Piotr , Dziopa Zbigniew
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a study of the vibration isolation properties of pneumatic suspension systems for work machinery seats, with a particular focus on adjustable stiffness. It highlights the contribution that semi-active seat suspension systems make to vibration reduction, ultimately leading to improved passenger comfort levels and increased safety for vehicle users. The primary objectives of the research were twofold: firstly, to identify the key parameters of the apneumatic vibration isolation system; and secondly, to evaluate its performance in improving vibration damping. This entailed the development of a mathematical model that would foreground the movement through simulations based on different initial pressures, thus enabling the accurate prediction of real-life scenarios concerning the vibration-damping characteristics of the seating system, taking into account the different design options available for working machine technology applied at the test bed level, of which the pneumatic isolator is an integral component. In the cognitive process, the verification and validation of the formulated theoretical model play an important role. This approach enables the behaviour of the actual system to be inferred from the results of simulation studies, thus allowing the design of an appropriate vibration control system. By simulating different air bellow pressures, the characteristics of the seat suspension system can be assessed. This study provides valuable insights into optimising the vibration-damping capability of the air suspension system.
Identification and Localization of Wind Turbine Blade Faults Using Deep Learning
Authors: Davis Mason , Nazario Dejesus Edwin , Shekaramiz Mohammad , Zander Joshua , Memari Majid
Published: July 2024

This study addresses the challenges inherent in the maintenance and inspection of wind turbines through the application of deep learning methodologies for fault detection on Wind Turbine Blades (WTBs). Specifically, this research focuses on defect detection on the blades of small-scale WTBs due to the unavailability of commercial wind turbines. This research compared popular object localization architectures, YOLO and Mask R-CNN, to identify the most effective model to detect common WTB defects, including cracks, holes, and erosion. YOLOv9 C emerged as the most effective model, with the highest scores of mAP50 and mAP50-95 of 0.849 and 0.539, respectively. Modifications to Mask R-CNN, specifically integrating a ResNet18-FPN network, reduced computational complexity by 32 layers and achieved a mAP50 of 0.8415. The findings highlight the potential of deep learning and computer vision in improving WTB fault analysis and inspection.
A Novel Intelligent Condition Monitoring Framework of Essential Service Water Pumps
Authors: Liu Yingqian , Huang Qian , Li Huairui , Li Yunpeng , Li Sihan , Zhu Rongsheng , Fu Qiang
Published: July 2024

Essential service water pumps are necessary safety devices responsible for discharging waste heat from containments through seawater; their condition monitoring is critical for the safe and stable operation of seaside nuclear power plants. However, it is difficult to directly apply existing intelligent methods to these pumps. Therefore, an intelligent condition monitoring framework is designed, including the parallel implementation of unsupervised anomaly detection and fault diagnosis. A model preselection algorithm based on the highest validation accuracy is proposed for anomaly detection and fault diagnosis model selection among existing models. A novel information integration algorithm is proposed to fuse the output of anomaly detection and fault diagnosis. According to the experimental results of modules, a kernel principal component analysis using mean fusion processing multi-channel data (AKPCA (fusion)) is selected, and a support vector machine using mean fusion processing multi-channel data (SVM (fusion)) is selected. The overall test accuracy and false negative rate of AKPCA (fusion) are 0.83 and 0.144, respectively, and the overall test accuracy and f1-score of SVM (fusion) are 0.966 and 1, respectively. The test results of AKPCA (fusion), SVM (fusion), and the proposed information integration algorithm show that the information integration algorithm successfully avoids a lack of abnormal status information and misdiagnosis. The proposed framework is a meaningful attempt to achieve the intelligent condition monitoring of complex equipment.
Characteristics of Aerosol Water Content and Its Implication on Secondary Inorganic Aerosol Formation during Sandy Haze in an Inland City in China
Authors: Zhai Shiting , Kang Panru , Wang Shenbo , Zhang Ruiqin
Published: July 2024

Sand events continue to occur frequently and affect the North China region. Under unfavorable meteorological conditions, they can easily combine with haze pollution, forming sandy haze events that have a significant impact on human health. Aerosol water content (AWC) is known to have a significant impact on PM2.5, but its effect is still unclear in sandy haze. In this work, sandy haze and haze periods were observed in Zhengzhou using a series of high-time-resolution instruments. The AWC calculated by the ISORROPIA-II model reached 11 ± 5 μg m−3, accounting for 10% of the PM2.5, in the sandy haze period. Sensitivity tests show that AWC was mainly relative humidity (RH)-dependent. Additionally, elevated SO42−, TNO3, and TNH4 were crucial in the increase in AWC. The increase in Ca2+ ions in the sandy haze led to lower AWC than that in the haze periods. Specifically, (NH4)2SO4 was the major contributor to the AWC when the RH was between 30 and 46% in the sandy haze period, and NH4NO3 gradually became the main contributor with the increase in RH. In turn, AWC could enhance the formation of sulfate and nitrate, even during the sandy haze period. Therefore, the emergency control of gaseous precursors should also be implemented before the sand events.
Assessing Worker Exposure to Vehicle Exhaust Emissions and Self-Reported Exposure Symptoms at the Lebombo Port of Entry, in Mpumalanga, South Africa
Authors: Makhabane Zwelithini M. , Mokoena Kingsley K. , Rathebe Phoka C.
Published: July 2024

This study assessed workers’ exposure to vehicle exhaust emissions and its health effects at the Lebombo Port of Entry. A quantitative cross-sectional design was adopted, and a structured questionnaire was administered on 209 adult workers to measure their knowledge on vehicle exhaust emissions exposures. Air samples were also collected from the participants using air sampling pumps. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 27. Logistic regression was performed to examine the association between dependent variables and some sociodemographic factors. Vocational certificates and associate degrees were attributed to workers in the South African Police Services and those in Agriculture: (Odds Ratio) = 2.83%, Confidence Interval (1.41–5.65) and (Odds Ratio) = 4.58%, Confidence Interval (2.10–9.99), respectively. Divorced males had a high level of knowledge and awareness of vehicle exhaust emission and their health effects: (Adjusted Odds Ratio) = 5.31%, Confidence Interval (1.08–26.14). Males had better knowledge of vehicle exhaust emission with carcinogenic effects: (Adjusted Odds Ratio) = 3.28%, Confidence Interval (1.11–9.67). Having an associate’s degree as the highest level of education and irritation of nose and eyes were associated with lower awareness of vehicle exhaust emissions: (Adjusted Odds Ratio) = 0.42%, Confidence Interval (0.19–0.97) and (Adjusted Odds Ratio) = 0.31%, Confidence Interval (0.13–0.76), respectively. The diesel particulate matter concentration was higher during day shifts (0.027 mg/m3) compared to night shifts (0.021 mg/m3), p = 0.001. Seventy-one workers (34%) reported experiencing acute headaches often, and fewer workers (n = 31, 14.8%) reported to have never suffered from an acute headache. A majority of workers (71 (34%)) experienced acute irritation of nose and eyes often compared to a few (33 (16%)) workers who experienced the same less often. In addition, a majority of workers (84 (40.2%)) experienced acute fatigue and nausea often, while fewer workers (37 (17.7%)) experienced fatigue and nausea very often. The majority of workers (n = 116, 55.5%) suffered cough and sneezing more often compared to others. There is an urgent need for improved and effective controls to reduce workers’ exposure to vehicle exhaust emissions.
Developmental Ambient Air Pollution Exposure in Mice Alters Fronto-Striatal Neurotransmitter System Function: Male-Biased Serotonergic Vulnerability
Authors: Cory-Slechta Deborah A. , Conrad Katherine , Marvin Elena , Chalupa David , Oberdörster Gunter , Sobolewski Marissa
Published: July 2024

Air pollution (AP) exposures have been associated with autism (ASD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), male-biased neurodevelopmental disorders that are linked to alterations in brain fronto-striatal neurotransmitter systems. The current study sought to assess how developmental exposures of mice to inhaled ambient ultrafine particle (UFP) air pollution, considered its most reactive component, alters fronto-striatal functional correlations. Mice were exposed via inhalation to concentrated ambient UFPs from postnatal days (PND) 4–7 and 10–13. Frontal cortex, striatum, and serum were collected at PND14 and PND50 to evaluate both acute and persistent effects. UFP-induced changes, more extensive and persistent in males, included elimination of frontal cortical kynurenine correlations with striatal neurotransmitter function, persistent immunosuppression of approximately 50%, and striatal neurotransmitter turnover correlations with serum corticosterone. More limited effects in females did not show persistence. Collectively, these findings depict an apparently physiologically-integrated UFP-induced persistent male-biased vulnerability to brain fronto-striatal system dysfunction that could contribute to behavioral deficits associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Further studies are needed to ascertain the interactive physiological mechanisms of male fronto-striatal vulnerability and their relation to behavioral impairments, mechanisms of apparent female compensation, and specific contaminants of AP that underlie this vulnerability.
Geometric Inequalities of Slant Submanifolds in Locally Metallic Product Space Forms
Authors: Li Yanlin , Aquib Md , Khan Meraj Ali , Al-Dayel Ibrahim , Youssef Maged Zakaria
Published: July 2024

In this particular article, our focus revolves around the establishment of a geometric inequality, commonly referred to as Chen’s inequality. We specifically apply this inequality to assess the square norm of the mean curvature vector and the warping function of warped product slant submanifolds. Our investigation takes place within the context of locally metallic product space forms with quarter-symmetric metric connections. Additionally, we delve into the condition that determines when equality is achieved within the inequality. Furthermore, we explore a number of implications of our findings.
Distribution and Molecular Characterization of Clinically Relevant Acinetobacter Species from Selected Freshwater Sources in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Adewoyin Mary Ayobami , Ogunmolasuyi Adewoyin Martin , Okoh Anthony Ifeanyi
Published: July 2024

Background: Several Acinetobacter species live in different ecosystems, such as soil, freshwater, wastewater, and solid wastes, which has attracted considerable research interests in public health and agriculture. Methods: We assessed the distribution of Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis in three freshwater resources (Great Fish, Keiskemma, and Tyhume rivers) in South Africa between April 2017–March 2018. Molecular identification of Acinetobacter species was performed using Acinetobacter-specific primers targeting the recA gene, whilst confirmed species were further delineated into A. baumannii and A. nosocomialis. Similarly, virulence genes; afa/draBC, epsA, fimH, OmpA, PAI, sfa/focDE, and traT in the two Acinetobacter species were assessed. Results: Our finding revealed that 410 (48.58%) and 23 (2.7%) of the isolates were confirmed as A. baumannii and A. nosocomalis, respectively. Additionally, three hundred and eight (75.12%) A. baumannii and three (13.04%) A. nosocomialis exhibited one or more of the virulence genes among the seven tested. OmpA was the most prevalent virulence gene in A. baumannii in freshwater sources. Conclusions: The distribution of clinically important Acinetobacter species in the freshwater sources studied suggests possible contamination such as the release of hospital wastewater and other clinical wastes into the environment thereby posing a risk to public health.
Multifaceted Roles of Nerve Growth Factor: A Comprehensive Review with a Special Insight into Pediatric Perspectives
Authors: Capossela Lavinia , Gatto Antonio , Ferretti Serena , Di Sarno Lorenzo , Graglia Benedetta , Massese Miriam , Soligo Marzia , Chiaretti Antonio
Published: July 2024

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic peptide largely revealed for its ability to regulate the growth and survival of peripheral sensory, sympathetic, and central cholinergic neurons. The pro-survival and regenerative properties of neurotrophic factors propose a therapeutic potential in a wide range of brain diseases, and NGF, in particular, has appeared as an encouraging potential treatment. In this review, a summary of clinical studies regarding NGF and its therapeutic effects published to date, with a specific interest in the pediatric context, will be attempted. NGF has been studied in neurological disorders such as hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental diseases, congenital malformations, cerebral infections, and in oncological and ocular diseases. The potential of NGF to support neuronal survival, repair, and plasticity in these contexts is highlighted. Emerging therapeutic strategies for NGF delivery, including intranasal administration as well as advanced nanotechnology-based methods, are discussed. These techniques aim to enhance NGF bioavailability and target specificity, optimizing therapeutic outcomes while minimizing systemic side effects. By synthesizing current research, this review underscores the promise and challenges of NGF-based therapies in pediatric neurology, advocating for continued innovation in delivery methods to fully harness NGF’s therapeutic potential.
Evidence of Potential Anammox Activities from Rice Paddy Soils in Microaerobic and Anaerobic Conditions
Authors: Khanal Anamika , Song Hyung-Geun , Cho Yu-Sung , Yang Seo-Yeon , Kim Won-Seok , Joshi Alpana , Min Jiho , Lee Ji-Hoon
Published: July 2024

Anammox, a reaction in which microorganisms oxidize ammonia under anaerobic conditions, is used in the industry to remove ammonium from wastewater in an environmentally friendly manner. This process does not produce intermediate products such as nitrite or nitrate, which can act as secondary pollutants in soil and water environments. For industrial applications, anammox bacteria should be obtained from the environment and cultivated. Anammox bacteria generally exhibit a slow growth rate and may not produce a large number of cells due to their anaerobic metabolism. Additionally, their habitats appear to be limited to specific environments, such as oxidation-reduction transition zones. Consequently, most of the anammox bacteria that are used or studied originate from marine environments. In this study, anammox bacterial evidence was found in rice paddy soil and cultured under various conditions of aerobic, microaerobic, and anaerobic batch incubations to determine whether enrichment was possible. The anammox-specific gene (hzsA) and microbial community analyses were performed on the incubated soils. Although it was not easy to enrich anammox bacteria due to co-occurrence of denitrification and nitrification based on the chemistry data, potential existence of anammox bacteria was assumed in the terrestrial paddy soil environment. For potential industrial uses, anammox bacteria could be searched for in rice paddy soils by applying optimal enrichment conditions.
Roles of Lysine Methylation in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: Functions, Regulatory Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Wang Zhen , Liu Huadong
Published: July 2024

Glucose and lipid metabolism are essential energy sources for the body. Dysregulation in these metabolic pathways is a significant risk factor for numerous acute and chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), obesity, and cancer. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), which regulate protein structure, localization, function, and activity, play a crucial role in managing cellular glucose and lipid metabolism. Among these PTMs, lysine methylation stands out as a key dynamic modification vital for the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. Emerging evidence indicates that lysine methylation significantly impacts glucose and lipid metabolism by modifying key enzymes and proteins. This review summarizes the current understanding of lysine methylation’s role and regulatory mechanisms in glucose and lipid metabolism. We highlight the involvement of methyltransferases (KMTs) and demethylases (KDMs) in generating abnormal methylation signals affecting these metabolic pathways. Additionally, we discuss the chemical biology and pharmacology of KMT and KDM inhibitors and targeted protein degraders, emphasizing their clinical implications for diseases such as diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancers. This review suggests that targeting lysine methylation in glucose and lipid metabolism could be an ideal therapeutic strategy for treating these diseases.
TRAF1 Deficiency in Macrophages Drives Exacerbated Joint Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mirzaesmaeili Ali , Abdul-Sater Ali A.
Published: July 2024

The tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) plays a key role in promoting lymphocyte survival, proliferation, and cytokine production. Recent evidence showed that TRAF1 plays opposing roles in monocytes and macrophages where it controls NF-κB activation and limits pro-inflammatory cytokine production as well as inflammasome-dependent IL-1β secretion. Importantly, TRAF1 polymorphisms have been strongly linked to an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, whether and how TRAF1 contributes to RA pathogenesis is not fully understood. Moreover, investigating the role of TRAF1 in driving RA pathogenesis is complicated by its multifaceted and opposing roles in various immune cells. In this study, we subjected wildtype (WT) mice to the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model of RA and injected them intra-articularly with WT- or TRAF1-deficient macrophages. We show that mice injected with TRAF1-deficient macrophages exhibited significantly exacerbated joint inflammation, immune cell infiltration, and tissue damage compared to mice injected with WT macrophages. This study may lay the groundwork for novel therapies for RA that target TRAF1 in macrophages.
Characterization of Subcellular Dynamics of Sterol Methyltransferases Clarifies Defective Cell Division in smt2 smt3, a C-24 Ethyl Sterol-Deficient Mutant of Arabidopsis
Authors: Ohta Daisaku , Fuwa Ayaka , Yamaroku Yuka , Isobe Kazuki , Nakamoto Masatoshi , Okazawa Atsushi , Ogawa Takumi , Ebine Kazuo , Ueda Takashi , Mercier Pierre , Schaller Hubert
Published: July 2024

An Arabidopsis sterol mutant, smt2 smt3, defective in sterolmethyltransferase2 (SMT2), exhibits severe growth abnormalities. The loss of C-24 ethyl sterols, maintaining the biosynthesis of C-24 methyl sterols and brassinosteroids, suggests specific roles of C-24 ethyl sterols. We characterized the subcellular localizations of fluorescent protein-fused sterol biosynthetic enzymes, such as SMT2-GFP, and found these enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum during interphase and identified their movement to the division plane during cytokinesis. The mobilization of endoplasmic reticulum-localized SMT2-GFP was independent of the polarized transport of cytokinetic vesicles to the division plane. In smt2 smt3, SMT2-GFP moved to the abnormal division plane, and unclear cell plate ends were surrounded by hazy structures from SMT2-GFP fluorescent signals and unincorporated cellulose debris. Unusual cortical microtubule organization and impaired cytoskeletal function accompanied the failure to determine the cortical division site and division plane formation. These results indicated that both endoplasmic reticulum membrane remodeling and cytokinetic vesicle transport during cytokinesis were impaired, resulting in the defects of cell wall generation. The cell wall integrity was compromised in the daughter cells, preventing the correct determination of the subsequent cell division site. We discuss the possible roles of C-24 ethyl sterols in the interaction between the cytoskeletal network and the plasma membrane.
Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase-2 Controls the Differentiation and Maturation of Oligodendrocytes in Mice and Zebrafish
Authors: Filippini Alice , Cannone Elena , Mazziotti Valentina , Carini Giulia , Mutti Veronica , Ravelli Cosetta , Gennarelli Massimo , Schiavone Marco , Russo Isabella
Published: July 2024

Leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2), a gene mutated in familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD), controls multiple cellular processes important for GLIA physiology. Interestingly, emerging studies report that LRRK2 is highly expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) compared to the pathophysiology of other brain cells and oligodendrocytes (OLs) in PD. Altogether, these observations suggest crucial function(s) of LRRK2 in OPCs/Ols, which would be interesting to explore. In this study, we investigated the role of LRRK2 in OLs. We showed that LRRK2 knock-out (KO) OPC cultures displayed defects in the transition of OPCs into OLs, suggesting a role of LRRK2 in OL differentiation. Consistently, we found an alteration of myelin basic protein (MBP) striosomes in LRRK2 KO mouse brains and reduced levels of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2) and Mbp in olig2:EGFP and mbp:RFP transgenic zebrafish embryos injected with lrrk2 morpholino (MO). Moreover, lrrk2 knock-down zebrafish exhibited a lower amount of nerve growth factor (Ngf) compared to control embryos, which represents a potent regulator of oligodendrogenesis and myelination. Overall, our findings indicate that LRRK2 controls OL differentiation, affecting the number of mature OLs.
The Ubiquity of the Reaction of the Labile Iron Pool That Attenuates Peroxynitrite-Dependent Oxidation Intracellularly
Authors: da Silva Gabriel Simonetti , Hernandes Maria Beatriz Braghetto , Toledo Junior José Carlos
Published: July 2024

Although the labile iron pool (LIP) biochemical identity remains a topic of debate, it serves as a universal homeostatically regulated and essential cellular iron source. The LIP plays crucial cellular roles, being the source of iron that is loaded into nascent apo-iron proteins, a process akin to protein post-translational modification, and implicated in the programmed cell death mechanism known as ferroptosis. The LIP is also recognized for its reactivity with chelators, nitric oxide, and peroxides. Our recent investigations in a macrophage cell line revealed a reaction of the LIP with the oxidant peroxynitrite. In contrast to the LIP’s pro-oxidant interaction with hydrogen peroxide, this reaction is rapid and attenuates the peroxynitrite oxidative impact. In this study, we demonstrate the existence and antioxidant characteristic of the LIP and peroxynitrite reaction in various cell types. Beyond its potential role as a ubiquitous complementary or substitute protection system against peroxynitrite for cells, the LIP and peroxynitrite reaction may influence cellular iron homeostasis and ferroptosis by changing the LIP redox state and LIP binding properties and reactivity.
Treating Cardiovascular Disease in the Inflammatory Setting of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Ongoing Challenge
Authors: Godbole Saloni , Solomon Jenny Lue , Johnson Maryann , Srivastava Ankita , Carsons Steven E. , Belilos Elise , De Leon Joshua , Reiss Allison B.
Published: July 2024

Despite progress in treating rheumatoid arthritis, this autoimmune disorder confers an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Widely used screening protocols and current clinical guidelines are inadequate for the early detection of CVD in persons with rheumatoid arthritis. Traditional CVD risk factors alone cannot be applied because they underestimate CVD risk in rheumatoid arthritis, missing the window of opportunity for prompt intervention to decrease morbidity and mortality. The lipid profile is insufficient to assess CVD risk. This review delves into the connection between systemic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and the premature onset of CVD. The shared inflammatory and immunologic pathways between the two diseases that result in subclinical atherosclerosis and disrupted cholesterol homeostasis are examined. The treatment armamentarium for rheumatoid arthritis is summarized, with a particular focus on each medication’s cardiovascular effect, as well as the mechanism of action, risk–benefit profile, safety, and cost. A clinical approach to CVD screening and treatment for rheumatoid arthritis patients is proposed based on the available evidence. The mortality gap between rheumatoid arthritis and non-rheumatoid arthritis populations due to premature CVD represents an urgent research need in the fields of cardiology and rheumatology. Future research areas, including risk assessment tools and novel immunotherapeutic targets, are highlighted.
The Role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Axis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Qian , Xiao Jingyi , Hsieh Yao-Ching , Kumar Neha Love , Han Lei , Zou Yuntao , Li Huang
Published: July 2024

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignancies globally, representing a significant public health problem with a poor prognosis. The development of efficient therapeutic strategies for HNSCC prevention and treatment is urgently needed. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, growth, and cycle progression. Dysfunction in components of this pathway, such as hyperactivity of PI3K, loss of PTEN function, and gain-of-function mutations in AKT, are well-known drivers of treatment resistance and disease progression in cancer. In this review, we discuss the major mutations and dysregulations in the PAM signaling pathway in HNSCC. We highlight the results of clinical trials involving inhibitors targeting the PAM signaling pathway as a strategy for treating HNSCC. Additionally, we examine the primary mechanisms of resistance to drugs targeting the PAM pathway and potential therapeutic strategies.
An Efficient Bio-Receptor Layer Combined with a Plasmonic Plastic Optical Fiber Probe for Cortisol Detection in Saliva
Authors: Arcadio Francesco , Seggio Mimimorena , Pitruzzella Rosalba , Zeni Luigi , Bossi Alessandra Maria , Cennamo Nunzio
Published: July 2024

Cortisol is a clinically validated stress biomarker that takes part in many physiological and psychological functions related to the body’s response to stress factors. In particular, it has emerged as a pivotal tool for understanding stress levels and overall well-being. Usually, in clinics, cortisol levels are monitored in blood or urine, but significant changes are also registered in sweat and saliva. In this work, a surface plasmon resonance probe based on a D-shaped plastic optical fiber was functionalized with a glucocorticoid receptor exploited as a highly efficient bioreceptor specific to cortisol. The developed plastic optical fiber biosensor was tested for cortisol detection in buffer and artificial saliva. The biosensor response showed very good selectivity towards other hormones and a detection limit of about 59 fM and 96 fM in phosphate saline buffer and artificial saliva, respectively. The obtained detection limit, with a rapid detection time (about 5 min) and a low-cost sensor system, paved the way for determining the cortisol concentration in saliva samples without any extraction process or sample pretreatment via a point-of-care test.
Multimorbidity in Severe Mental Illness as Part of the Neurodevelopmental Continuum: Physical Health-Related Endophenotypes of Schizophrenia—A Narrative Review
Authors: Genkel Vadim , Domozhirova Elena , Malinina Elena
Published: July 2024

Background. The majority of deaths in patients with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses (SMIs) are caused by natural causes, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The increased risk of CVD and other somatic diseases in SMIs cannot be fully explained by the contribution of traditional risk factors, behavioral risk factors, patients’ lifestyle peculiarities, and the influence of antipsychotics. The present review has the following main objectives: (1) to aggregate evidence that neurodevelopmental disorders are the basis of SMIs; (2) to provide a review of studies that have addressed the shared genetic architecture of SMI and cardiovascular disease; and (3) to propose and substantiate the consideration of somatic diseases as independent endophenotypes of SMIs, which will make it possible to place the research of somatic diseases in SMIs within the framework of the concepts of the “neurodevelopmental continuum and gradient” and “endophenotype”. Methods. A comprehensive literature search was performed on 1 July 2024. The search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar databases up to June 2024. Results. The current literature reveals considerable overlap between the genetic susceptibility loci for SMIs and CVDs. We propose that somatic diseases observed in SMIs that have a shared genetic architecture with SMIs can be considered distinct physical health-related endophenotypes. Conclusions. In this narrative review, the results of recent studies of CVDs in SMIs are summarized. Reframing schizophrenia as a multisystem disease should contribute to the activation of new research on somatic diseases in SMIs.
Self-Determination Research: Current and Future Directions
Authors: Burke Kathryn M. , Shogren Karrie A. , Parente Andrea , Alsaeed Abdulaziz , Myers Austin M. , Aleong Shawn
Published: July 2024

This article summarizes the history, current status, and future directions of self-determination research across the globe, with a focus on applications to the education of students with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their transition from school to adult life. Research on the development, implementation, and outcomes of self-determination assessments and interventions is explored. Causal Agency Theory, a theoretical framework for understanding the development of self-determination as a psychological construct, is reviewed, along with research on the importance of self-determination for inclusion, psychological growth, and overall well-being. Specific approaches, models, and perspectives for addressing the support needs of students with intellectual and developmental disabilities, particularly during transitions, are discussed. Assessment and intervention aligned with Causal Agency Theory, including the Self-Determination Inventory and the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction, are introduced. Future directions and emerging areas of research are summarized, including issues related to cultural validity, integration of strengths-based approaches, emerging technologies, and systemic changes in schools and communities.
Risk Analysis in Building Renovations: Strategies for Investors
Authors: Macek Daniel , Vitásek Stanislav
Published: July 2024

This study explores the diverse array of risks inherent in building renovation investments and proposes effective strategies for risk mitigation tailored to investors. Through a combination of qualitative analysis, expert interviews, and quantitative risk quantification techniques, the research identifies and evaluates key risk factors across regulatory, financial, technical, market, and other domains. Thorough due diligence, proactive stakeholder engagement, and contingency planning emerge as critical components of effective risk management in renovation projects. The study underscores the importance of proactive risk mitigation in enhancing project success and investor returns. By providing investors with a comprehensive understanding of the challenges they may face and practical strategies for addressing them, this research aims to empower stakeholders to make informed decisions and achieve positive outcomes in building renovation investments, ultimately contributing to a more resilient and sustainably built environment.
Hygrothermal Performance Analysis of Wooden Basements under Critical Conditions
Authors: Rahiminejad Mohammad , Ghazi Wakili Karim , Barat Antoine , Renfer Christoph
Published: July 2024

Basements are integral to contemporary building design, serving as foundational structures with diverse functions in residential and commercial constructions. The utilization of wood as a natural, economical, and CO2 storage material for basement construction significantly influences the future of construction, necessitating established concepts to guarantee sustainability, and foremost, avoid possible damages induced by moisture intrusion. This paper explores the hygrothermal performance of a wooden basement when subjected to severe indoor and outdoor climates and in the absence of pressuring groundwater. Using both 1D and 2D numerical simulations, this study conducts risk analyses for several cases to evaluate how the wooden basement behaves under critical conditions, such as moisture accumulation in the assembly due to air convection through a gap in the insulation layer, air leakage through the waterproofing membrane, and high-vapor pressure caused by the high moisture load in the indoor space. The thresholds are determined for the initial wood moisture and indoor relative humidity, under which supports are given for the use of wooden elements in the basement structures, exhibiting satisfactory performance and avoiding wood decay in the construction. Additionally, the impact of the waterproofing membrane on avoiding wood decay in the assembly is highlighted.
RETRACTED: Enhancing Data Quality Management in Structural Health Monitoring through Irregular Time-Series Data Anomaly Detection Using IoT Sensors
Authors: Cho Junhwi , Lim Kyoung , Kim Jonggun , Shin Yongchul , Park Youn , Yeon Jaeheum
Published: July 2024

The importance of monitoring in assessing structural safety and durability continues to grow. With recent technological advancements, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors have garnered attention for their complex scalability and varied detection capabilities, becoming essential devices for monitoring. However, during the data collection process of IoT sensors, anomalies arise due to network instability, sensor noise, and malfunctions, degrading data quality and compromising monitoring system reliability. In this study, Interquartile Range (IQR), Long Short-Term Memory Autoencoder (LSTM-AE), and time-series decomposition were employed for anomaly detection in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) processes. IQR and LSTM-AE produce irregular patterns; however, time-series decomposition effectively detects such anomalies. In road monitoring influenced by weather and traffic, the time-series decomposition approach is expected to play a crucial role in enhancing monitoring accuracy.
α-Alkylation of Aliphatic Ketones with Alcohols: Base Type as an Influential Descriptor
Authors: Mane Rasika , Hui Li , Centeno-Pedrazo Ander , Goguet Alexandre , Artioli Nancy , Manyar Haresh
Published: July 2024

Current global challenges associated with energy security and climate emergency, caused by the combustion of fossil fuels (e.g., jet fuel and diesel), necessitate the accelerated development and deployment of sustainable fuels derived from renewable biomass-based chemical feedstocks. This study focuses on the production of long-chain (straight and branched) ketones by direct α-alkylation of short chain ketones using both homogenous and solid base catalysts in water. Thus, produced long-chain ketones are fuel precursors and can subsequently be hydrogenated to long-chain alkanes suitable for blending in aviation and liquid transportation fuels. Herein, we report a thorough investigation of the catalytic activity of Pd in combination with, (i) homogenous and solid base additives; (ii) screening of different supports using NaOH as a base additive, and (iii) a comparative study of the Ni and Pd metals supported on layered double oxides (LDOs) in α-alkylation of 2-butanone with 1-propanol as an exemplar process. Among these systems, 5%Pd/BaSO4 with NaOH as a base showed the best results, giving 94% 2-butanone conversion and 84% selectivity to alkylated ketones. These results demonstrated that both metal and base sites are necessary for the selective conversion of 2-butanone to alkylated ketones. Additionally, amongst the solid base additives, Pd/C with 5% Ba/hydrotalcite showed the best result with 51% 2-butanone conversion and 36% selectivity to the alkylated ketones. Further, the screening of heterogenous acid-base catalysts 2.5%Ni/Ba1.2Mg3Al1 exhibited an adequate catalytic activity (21%) and ketone selectivity (47%).
Graft-Specific Regulatory T Cells for Long-Lasting, Local Tolerance Induction
Authors: Seltrecht Nadja , Hardtke-Wolenski Matthias , Iordanidis Konstantinos , Jonigk Danny , Galla Melanie , Schambach Axel , Buitrago-Molina Laura Elisa , Wedemeyer Heiner , Noyan Fatih , Jaeckel Elmar
Published: July 2024

Background: Solid organ transplantation is hindered by immune-mediated chronic graft dysfunction and the side effects of immunosuppressive therapy. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for modulating immune responses post-transplantation; however, the transfer of polyspecific Tregs alone is insufficient to induce allotolerance in rodent models. Methods: To enhance the efficacy of adoptive Treg therapy, we investigated different immune interventions in the recipients. By utilizing an immunogenic skin transplant model and existing transplantation medicine reagents, we facilitated the clinical translation of our findings. Specifically, antigen-specific Tregs were used. Results: Our study demonstrated that combining the available induction therapies with drug-induced T-cell proliferation due to lymphopenia effectively increased the Treg/T effector ratios. This results in significant Treg accumulation within the graft, leading to long-term tolerance after the transfer of antigen-specific Tregs. Importantly, all the animals achieved operational tolerance, which boosted the presence of adoptively transferred Tregs within the graft. Conclusions: This protocol offers a means to establish tolerance by utilizing antigen-specific Tregs. These results have promising implications for future trials involving adoptive Treg therapy in organ transplantation.
Correction: Alves et al. WNK2 Inhibits Autophagic Flux in Human Glioblastoma Cell Line. Cells 2020, 9, 485
Authors: Alves Ana Laura Vieira , Costa Angela Margarida , Martinho Olga , da Silva Vinicius Duval , Jordan Peter , Silva Viviane Aline Oliveira , Reis Rui Manuel
Published: July 2024

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Atomic-Scale Structural and Magnetic Coupling Properties of Twin Boundaries in Lithium Ferrite (Li0.5Fe2.5O4) Film
Authors: Liu Kun , Li Jiankang , Zhang Songyou
Published: July 2024

It is of great academic significance to understand the influence that the atomic-scale structure of interfaces and boundaries within materials has on magnetic coupling characteristics and promote the innovation of advanced magnetic devices. Here, we carried out a systematic investigation of the atomic and electronic structures of twin boundaries (TBs) in Li0.5Fe2.5O4 (LFO) thin films and determined their concurrent magnetic couplings using atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy and first-principle calculations at the atomic scale. The results show that ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic coupling can exist across the different TBs in LFO thin films, and electrical structures within a few atomic layers directly rely on the atom arrangement across the TB. Uncovering one-to-one relationships between the magnetic coupling properties of individual TBs and atomic-scale structures can clarify a thorough comprehension of numerous fascinating magnetic properties of commonly utilized magnetic materials, which will undoubtedly encourage the progress of sophisticated magnetic materials and devices.
Stego-STFAN: A Novel Neural Network for Video Steganography
Authors: Vergara Guilherme Fay , Giacomelli Pedro , Serrano André Luiz Marques , Mendonça Fábio Lúcio Lopes de , Rodrigues Gabriel Arquelau Pimenta , Bispo Guilherme Dantas , Gonçalves Vinícius Pereira , Albuquerque Robson de Oliveira , Sousa Júnior Rafael Timóteo de
Published: July 2024

This article presents an innovative approach to video steganography called Stego-STFAN, as by using a cheap model process to use the temporal and spatial domains together, they end up presenting fine adjustments in each frame, the Stego-STFAN had a PSNRc metric of 27.03 and PSNRS of 23.09, which is close to the state-of-art. Steganography is the ability to hide a message so that third parties cannot perceive communication between them. Thus, one of the precautions in steganography is the size of the message you want to hide, as the security of the message is inversely proportional to its size. Inspired by this principle, video steganography appears to expand channels further and incorporate data into a message. To improve the construction of better stego-frames and recovered secrets, we propose a new architecture for video steganography derived from the Spatial-Temporal Adaptive Filter Network (STFAN) in conjunction with the Attention mechanism, which together generates filters and maps dynamic frames to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of frame processing, exploiting the redundancy present in the temporal dimension of the video, as well as fine details such as edges, fast-moving pixels and the context of secret and cover frames and by using the DWT method as another feature extraction level, having the same characteristics as when applied to an image file.
Mangrove Biodiversity and Conservation: Setting Key Functional Groups and Risks of Climate-Induced Functional Disruption
Authors: Ferreira Alexander C. , Ashton Elizabeth C. , Ward Raymond D. , Hendy Ian , Lacerda Luiz D.
Published: July 2024

Climate change (CC) represents an increasing threat to mangroves worldwide and can amplify impacts caused by local anthropogenic activities. The direct effects of CC on mangrove forests have been extensively discussed, but indirect impacts such as the alteration of ecological processes driven by specific functional groups of the biota are poorly investigated. Ecological roles of key functional groups (FGs) in mangroves from the Atlantic–Caribbean–East Pacific (ACEP) and Indo-West Pacific (IWP) regions are reviewed, and impacts from CC mediated by these FGs are explored. Disruption by CC of ecological processes, driven by key FGs, can reinforce direct effects and amplify the loss of ecological functionality and further degradation of mangrove forests. Biogeochemistry mediator microbiotas of the soil, bioturbators, especially semiterrestrial crabs (Ocypodoids and Grapsoids) and herbivores (crustaceans and Insects), would be the most affected FG in both regions. Effects of climate change can vary regionally in the function of the combination of direct and indirect drivers, further eroding biodiversity and mangrove resilience, and impairing the predictability of ecosystem behaviour. This means that public policies to manage and conserve mangroves, as well as rehabilitation/restoration programs, should take into consideration the pressures of CC in specific regions and the response of key FGs to these pressures.
Indazole–Quinolone Hybrids as Anti-Virulence Agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Hanot Marie , Duplantier Marine , Dalle Céline , Ren Yani , Da Nascimento Sophie , Becker Jean-Paul , Taudon Nicolas , Lohou Elodie , Sonnet Pascal
Published: July 2024

Antibiotic resistance is a critical public health issue. Among the multi-drug resistant microorganisms in question, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been designated by the WHO as a priority threat. Its virulence is orchestrated through quorum sensing (QS). This sophisticated communication network relies on the release and perception of autoinducers acting as population density indicators. Therefore, the interest of a quorum silencing pharmacological approach has unfolded to quench bacterial pathogenicity without impairing growth. In this article, we reported the development of a family of indazole–quinolone hybrids as anti-virulence agents. These new biaromatic compounds were designed as potential specific QS quenchers against P. aeruginosa. Our transdisciplinary research methodology included their synthesis using palladocatalyzed cross-coupling reactions, as well as their in silico physicochemical and in vitro biological evaluation. The hit 7-chloro-2-indazolyl-4-quinolone Ie shows a promising anti-biofilm and anti-pyocyanin efficiency (35% inhibition at 25 µM and 35% inhibition at 100 µM, respectively) without an anti-pseudomonal bacteriostatic effect. It also demonstrated a moderate eukaryotic cytotoxicity. Its anti-QS properties have been investigated using metabolomic and molecular modelling studies.
Improvement of Breast Cancer Detection Using Dual-Layer Spectral CT
Authors: Hasse Felix Christian , Giannakis Athanasios , Wehrse Eckhard , Stiller Wolfram , Wallwiener Markus , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Weber Tim F. , Heil Jörg , Mokry Theresa
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of breast mass detection on monoenergetic image data at 40 keV (MonoE40) and on iodine maps (IM) compared with conventional image data (CI). In this prospective single-center case-control study, 50 breast cancer patients were examined using contrast-enhanced dual-layer spectral CT. For qualitative and quantitative comparison of MonoE40 and IM with CI image data, four blinded, independent readers assessed 300 randomized single slices (two slices for each imaging type per case) with or without cancerous lesions for the presence of a breast mass. Detection sensitivity and specificity were calculated and readers rated their subjective diagnostic certainty. For statistical analysis of sensitivity and specificity, a paired t-test and ANOVA were used (significance level p = 0.05). A total of 50 female patients (median age 51 years, range 28–83 years) participated. IM had the highest overall scores in sensitivity and specificity for breast cancer detection, with 0.97 ± 0.06 and 0.95 ± 0.07, respectively, compared with 0.90 ± 0.04 and 0.92 ± 0.06 in CI. MonoE40 yielded a sensitivity of 0.96 ± 0.02 and specificity of 0.94 ± 0.08. All differences in sensitivity and specificity between MonoE or IM and CI were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The superiority of IM sensitivity and specificity was most pronounced in patients with dense breasts. Spectral CT improved the detection of breast cancer with higher sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional image data in our study.