bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-Fire Assessment of Prestressed Concrete Bridges in Indiana
Authors: Varma Amit H. , Olek Jan , Williams Christopher S. , Tseng Tzu-Chun , Huang Dan , Bradt Tom
Published: July 2021

This project focused on evaluating the effects of fire-induced damage on concrete bridge elements, including prestressed concrete bridge girders. A series of controlled heating experiments, pool fire tests, material tests, and structural loading tests were conducted. Experimental results indicate that the portion of concrete subjected to temperatures higher than 400°C loses significant amounts of calcium hydroxide (CH). Decomposition of CH increases porosity and causes significant cracking. The portion of concrete exposed to temperatures higher than 400°C should be repaired or replaced. When subjected to ISO-834 standard fire heating, approximately 0.25 in. and 0.75 in. of concrete from the exposed surface are damaged after 40 minutes and 80 minutes of heating, respectively. Prestressed concrete girders exposed to about 50 minutes of hydrocarbon fire undergo superficial concrete material damage with loss of CH and extensive cracking and spalling extending to the depth of 0.75–1.0 in. from the exposed surface. These girders do not undergo significant reduction in flexural strength or shear strength. The reduction in the initial stiffness may be notable due to concrete cracking and spalling. Bridge inspectors can use these findings to infer the extent of material and structural damage to prestressed concrete bridge girders in the event of a fire and develop a post-fire assessment plan.
Using the Light Weight Deflectometer for Performance-Based Quality Assurance Testing of Cement Modified Subgrades
Authors: Becker Peter J.
Published: July 2021

This report documents the findings from SPR-4230 (Alternative Quality Assurance Methods for Compacted Subgrade). The main objective of SPR-4230 involved establishing performance-related quality assurance (QA) test methods for pavement subgrade construction. Because INDOT generally prefers specifying subgrade treatment type IBC (i.e., 14-in. cement modified subgrade), this study focused on performance-based QA test methods for constructing cement modified subgrade. Moreover, INDOT prefers using light weight deflectometer (LWD) for chemically modified subgrade construction acceptance, so this study aimed to use LWD deflection measurements as performance-related construction acceptance criteria. A laboratory study was performed to relate LWD deflections with resilient modulus that is the key subgrade performance-related parameter in pavement design. In addition, LWD deflections were related with unconfined compressive strength increase that is the key parameter in chemical soil modification mix design. A rigorous field study consisting of LWD testing and falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing at INDOT new pavement construction sites was conducted to verify the laboratory developed relationship. Recommendations for implementing results of this study into cement modified subgrade construction acceptance is provided, as are recommendations for future research.
ProCoopa: um Protocolo Cooperativo para Redes de Sensores sem fio Aquáticas
Authors: Cerqueira Lucas S. , Vieira Alex B. , Vieira Luiz F. M. , Vieira Marcos A. M. , Nacif José A. M.
Published: July 2021

O monitoramento de ambientes aquáticos ainda é uma tarefa difícil e dispendiosa. Neste artigo, apresentamos ProCoopa: um Protocolo Cooperativo para Redes de Sensores sem fio Aquáticas. O ProCoopa funciona de forma síncrona/assíncrona sobre o método TDMA combinado com um esquema ARQ baseado em Selective Repeat. Ele usa os nós sensores ociosos como nós retransmissores, aumentando a diversidade do espaço de comunicação. Nossas simulações mostram que, quando comparado a um protocolo não cooperativo, o ProCoopa reduz a taxa de erro de pacotes em 28,32% e aumenta o goodput em 16,87% enquanto gasta menos de 1% a mais de energia.
Gerenciando Múltiplas Falhas Bizantinas em Redes Ópticas Roteadas por Algoritmos baseados em Otimização por Colônia de Formigas
Authors: Silva Aldo Ventura da , Pavani Gustavo Sousa
Published: July 2021

Algoritmos de roteamento baseados em Otimização por Colônia de Formigas (ACO) são especialmente vulneráveis a falhas bizantinas, em que nós autenticados se comportam de maneira arbitrária e comprometem o roteamento da rede. Neste trabalho, analisamos o uso de extensões de rerroteamento crankback associados ao algoritmo ACO para gerenciar falhas bizantinas que afetam muitos nós de uma rede óptica comutada por comprimento de onda. Para os três tipos de falha bizantina avaliados, desorientação de formigas no caminho de ida, descarte de formigas no caminho de ida e descarte de formigas no caminho de volta, as simulações demonstram que o mecanismo de crankback torna a rede mais resiliente a falhas bizantinas, mitigando o impacto sobre probabilidade de bloqueio no estabelecimento de caminho ópticos.
Aplicação e Análise Comparativa do Desempenho de Classificadores de Padrões para o Sistema de Detecção de Intrusão Snort
Authors: Utimura Luan N. , Costa Kelton A.
Published: July 2021

Com a evolução da Internet, o volume de dados que trafegam nas redes de computadores cresce dia após dia, desafiando a segurança de sistemas computacionais do mundo todo. Dentre as principais ferramentas utilizadas para assegurar esses sistemas, destacam-se os Sistemas de Detecção de Intrusão (SDI). Em um ambiente onde novas vulnerabilidades são descobertas toda semana [Symantec 2015], detecções por anomalia podem reduzir os danos de ataques desconhecidos. Desta forma, este trabalho propõs a aplicação de dois classificadores de padrões para substituir o esquema de detecção do SDI código-aberto Snort. O estudo comparativo focado no desempenho de ambas as técnicas apresentou altas taxas de acurácias nas classificações de conexões.
R-RQoT: Uma Nova Estratégia de Realocação de Circuito Ciente dos Efeitos de Camada Física para Redes Ópticas Elásticas
Authors: Araújo Selles , Barbosa Ênio , Reis Júnior José , Soares André
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma estratégia de realocação de circuito ciente dos efeitos de camada física. O principal objetivo da estratégia consiste na redução de bloqueios relacionados a qualidade de transmissão dos circuitos. Vale ressaltar que a realocação de circuitos ópticos elásticos já foi foco de outros estudos, mas visando apenas a desfragmentação da rede. A estratégia proposta é aplicada a dois algoritmos RMLSA cientes de camada física: KShortest Path Computation (KS-PC) e K-Shortest Path with Reduction of QoTO (KSP-RQoTO). O desempenho de cada um dos algoritmos é avaliado com e sem a utilização da estratégia proposta. Os resultados foram obtidos através de simulações computacionais para as topologias de rede NSFNet e EON. Em termos de probabilidade de bloqueio de circuitos, os algoritmos KS-PC e KSPRQoTO apresentaram respectivamente reduções de até 29,75% e 44,06% para a topologia NSFNet. Estas reduções foram obtidas realocando apenas 12,01% dos circuitos ativos para o KS-PC e 16,47% para o KSP-RQoTO. Já para a topologia EON, ocorreu uma redução de até 49,42% para o KS-PC e 31,91% para o KSP-RQoTO. O percentual de circuitos realocados para a topologia EON foi de até 13,34% e 11,50% para os algoritmos KS-PC e KSP-RQoTO, respectivamente.
Processamento Distribuído de Grafos: Modelagem de Desempenho e Escalonamento de Tarefas Moldáveis
Authors: Presser Daniel , Siqueira Frank
Published: July 2021

O crescimento contínuo das bases de dados observado em aplicações atuais também se aplica áquelas modeladas como grafos. Neste contexto, diversos modelos para processamento distribuído de grafos de larga escala foram propostos, como o Pregel. Estes modelos assumem o uso de clusters de computadores, nos quais as tarefas precisam ser alocadas de maneira eficiente. Neste trabalho é apresentado um modelo de predição de desempenho e um escalonador de jobs de processamento de grafos. O escalonador trata os jobs a escalonar como tarefas moldáveis, encontrando a melhor alocação de processadores, com base nas predições, para otimizar o tempo total de processamento (makespan). São apresentados resultados experimentais demonstrando que o modelo de desempenho tem precisão média de 90% que permite ao escalonador se manter dentro dos limites teóricos de aproximação do makespan ótimo.
Mecanismo de Verificação de Integridade de Software Baseado em BIOS UEFI
Authors: Santos Marciel de Liz , Zeferino Cesar A. , Wangham Michelle S.
Published: July 2021

Este artigo descreve um mecanismo de verificação que aproveita os recursos do BIOS UEFI para atestar a integridade de software de sistemas embarcados utilizados na Internet das Coisas. Este mecanismo tem como componente principal uma aplicação, chamada AVIS UEFI, executada na fase de Aplicativos de Pré-Boot da inicialização que utiliza assinatura digital e chaves armazenadas em um dispositivo criptográfico para verificar se o software foi adulterado. De acordo com o resultado da verificação de integridade, o sistema é inicializado ou desligado. Como prova de conceito, um protótipo foi desenvolvido e avaliado considerando um estudo de caso real. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a viabilidade técnica do mecanismo.
Lobbying in der Europäischen Union
Authors: Ertin Deniz Z.
Published: July 2021

Do civil society interest organisations or business interest organisations participate more in EU climate and banking policy? To answer this question, the author of this study looks at pre-legislative lobbying, analysing both online consultations and direct meetings with interest organisations in an observation period from 2010–2018. The results in both policy areas reveal a clear structural imbalance in favour of business interest organisations. Therefore, the work not only refutes the prevailing view that the EU is a pluralistic interest organisation system, but also questions the democratic function of interest representation in the EU in general.
Wissenswerte Erfahrung
Authors: Leipold Kathrin
Published: July 2021

What role did experience play in economics between 1871 and 1919?

This book shows how economic actors in the formative phase of the discipline organised, researched, discussed and communicated experience, in short: how they practised experience.

Drawing on Ludwik Fleck's analysis of thinking styles, the book describes experience in its many modes and uses: it is itself part of economic rationality and acts as a hinge between the dualisms of theory and empiricism, rationality and emotionality, and objectivity and subjectivity. Experience thus becomes the motor of the emergence and development of modern economics.
Einbindung von Expertise und externem Wissen in das Gesetzgebungsverfahren
Authors: Huber Theresa Sophie
Published: July 2021

The author describes the influence of external actors on the legislative process in Germany and the US. In particular, the benefit of external knowledge for the rational fulfillment of governmental tasks and the quality of legislation are emphasized. The thesis focuses on whether the US lobby register can be transferred into German law. The author expresses considerable constitutional concerns and questions the usefulness of such a register. The thesis concludes with proposals on how to amend the rules of procedure of the German Bundestag (GOBT) and the federal ministries (GGO).
La Oratio dominica en los Comentarios africanos. Iniciación a la oración
Authors: Grossi Vittorino ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article presents a summarized historical overview of the different commentaries of the Pater Noster in the authors of North Africa before St. Augustine, particularly Tertullian, to present later the role that Pater noster played in Christian initiation, highlighting the ideas of Justin and the Didache that can be seen also in Augustine. Later, it discusses the relationship between the prayer of Pater noster and the baptismal liturgy and catechesis, explaining the diverse requests of our Father according to Saint Augustine. The article ends with a discussion of the presence and importance of the Pater Noster in the Ordo Baptismi after Vatican II.
Oración y predestinación: ¿Inutilidad de la oración?
Authors: Grossi Vittorino ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

In the article, the difficulty of reading Agustín’s works, both in his life and after his death, is briefly presented, making brief a historical summary of the reception of Augustine’s Idea if Predestintion. Then the possibility of a new way of reading of the Works of Augustine concerning the topic of predestination is proposed, following the modern methodological acquisitions on the textual analysis. The relationship elaborated by the Bishop of Hippo between predestination and prayer, particularly as it appears in perseu. and praed. sanct. is discussed.
La oración de Jesús en Getsemaní
Authors: Grossi Vittorino ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the prayer of Jesus in Gethsemane, as presented by St. Augustine in the Enarrationes in Psalmos and in the Sermones de sanctis. An exegetical introduction of the New Testament texts of the prayer of Jesus in Gethsemane is offered, as well as the pre-Augustinian patristic tradition, highlighting the various points that Augustine’s previous Fathers of the Church underlined in the Prayer of Jesus in Gethsemane. It later discusses Augustine’s Texts where He addresses this topic, highlighting particularly the ecclesiological interpretation of the Bishop of Hippo.
Realizing an Enigma
Authors: Robertson Karen ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

I argue that the analyses of language Heidegger offers in On the Way to Language demonstrate that language is both constitutively other to us and manifest to us as our historically specific possibilities of meaningful life. To do so, I argue that Heidegger’s focus on our experience of speaking demonstrates that we experience the alterity of language as an imperative, as questionable, and as perpetually ahead of us, and that these characteristics correspond to our ways of taking up meaningfully the possibilities of contemporary life available to us only in our collectively constituted, historical contexts. Further, I draw on Heidegger account of the experience of the poet who figures in Stefan George’s poem “Words” to argue that our experience of language is characterized by learning to criticize aspects of contemporary life. I also identify this practice of critique as essential to community, defining the latter as a collective attempt to preserve and transform possibilities of meaningful life.
Heidegger’s Ethics of History (with reference to Agamben)
Authors: Risser James ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

Does Heidegger have an ethics of history? The very idea of an ethics of history, especially in regards to Heidegger’s work, appears to make little sense. For Heidegger, history is always the history of being, and, as we learn from the “Letter on Humanism,” the nature of ethics has yet to be fully determined. And yet, if we follow Heidegger is his way of determining the ethical in relation to *thos, we can in fact begin to speak of Heidegger’s ethics of history. Towards this end, I want to further interpret his characterization of *thos, especially as it is presented through the saying of Heraclitus, and extend the interpretation through the work of Giorgio Agamben.
Heidegger’s Methodological Maxim
Authors: Klaskow Tyler ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

In the Introduction to Being and Time Heidegger calls ‘To the things themselves’ the “maxim” of phenomenology. I argue that Heidegger recognized the maxim’s normativity but thought that Husserl’s understanding of it made it an inadequate guide for the phenomenological method. I show that Heidegger revised the maxim in his Marburg years with a focus on its role as a principle. The revised maxim specifies how to engage in phenomenological inquiry by calling the phenomenologist’s attention to the violence our fore-conceptions can do to the way phenomena show themselves. With this revised maxim in mind I reconsider the grounds of Heidegger’s critique of Husserl in the Marburg years, and explain his conclusion that Husserl’s phenomenology was unphenomenological. Finally, I show that Heidegger’s attempts to abide by his more rigorous maxim appear to fail.
Can Dasein Be Indifferent?
Authors: MacDonald Andrew ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

Heidegger’s ontology consists of three general categories of beings: present-at-hand, ready-to-hand, and Dasein. Beings in the latter category, namely human beings, are said to exist in either one of two modes; either authentically or inauthentically. In recent years, however, it has been suggested we distinguish a third mode. This third mode, ‘indifference’ as it has come to be known, is motivated by the need to mitigate the tendentious relationship between the two functions of inauthenticity. Inauthenticity serves in a positive capacity as the source of a shared context of significance, while also functioning in the more negative role as the fundamental barrier to authenticity. Introducing this third mode of indifference allows us to split the difference, as it were, between these two seemingly incompatible functions of inauthenticity. This paper argues for a different approach. I want to suggest these two roles of inauthenticity can be made sense of using Heidegger’s distinction between genuine and non-genuine ways of disclosure. This would allow Heidegger to maintain the integrity of inauthenticity without giving up on the formal value-neutral status of this ontological distinction.
Women and Economic Production: Towards Sustainable Livelihoods in Zimbabwe
Authors: Maramura Tafadzwa Clementine , Thakhathi Dovhani Reckson , Tirivangasi Happy Mathew
Published: July 2021

Persistent drought and economic collapse in Zimbabwe have seen most, if not all, rural women shifting from the receiving end to the giving end. Rural women have since initiated several livelihood activities to make ends meet, as they are the most vulnerable whenever they are left to look after children at home. The paper aims to examine rural livelihoods and how they contribute to economic production in Ward 5 of Bikita district. A mixed design in the form of a case study was employed in this study. Systematic random sampling was used to select 40 households, which provided data for the study out of 409 households in Ward 5. The study used questionnaires and semi-structured interviews as data collecting instruments. Several livelihood activities were noted in the ward including seasonal farming, gardening, community-based and money lending and saving schemes (fushai), informal trading, and petty trading as selling thatch grass and firewood, among others. However, climate change and drought, economic crisis, lack of capital and poor soils and poor farming methods were some of the constraints faced in rural livelihoods. The paper concludes with several recommendations for eradicating rural livelihood challenges.
Book review: Koponen, M., Mossop, B., S. Robert, I., & Scocchera, G. (Eds.). (2020). Translation Revision and Post-editing: Industry Practices and Cognitive Processes (1st ed.). Routledge.
Authors: Sánchez Castañ Roser
Published: July 2021

Book review: Koponen, M., Mossop, B., S. Robert, I., & Scocchera, G. (Eds.). (2020). Translation Revision and Post-editing: Industry Practices and Cognitive Processes (1st ed.). Routledge.
La campagne électorale de 1875 au Mississippi : armes, citoyenneté et race
Authors: Péloquin Olivier
Published: July 2021

Dans un contexte électoral chargé en animosité raciale, au cours de l’automne 1875, les conservateurs-démocrates s’assurent, par la violence et l’intimidation, la victoire lors de l’élection dans l’état du Mississippi. Leur « rédemption » peut-elle être interprétée comme une lutte entre deux visions distinctes de la citoyenneté et de la République américaine ? S’agit-il de la résurgence d’une interprétation Antebellum de la citoyenneté plutôt que la perpétuation d’un héritage raciste de la Confédération ? Plus précisément, cette réflexion a pour objectif de s’interroger sur la nature des redéfinitions identitaires des groupes afro-américains et blancs, ainsi que leurs liens avec la citoyenneté, le droit à l’autodéfense et la race.
Courrier « féminin » ? Les normes de genre selon Colette dans La Presse, 1922–19561
Authors: Savaria Maude
Published: July 2021

Qu’est-ce qui rend un courrier « féminin » ? Pour Kimberly Voss, c’est la prédominance des thèmes reliés au « 4F » (food, fashion, family and furnishing)2. En histoire de la presse féminine, il s’agit de publications faites par, pour et sur les femmes3. Le « Courrier de Colette », page féminine de La Presse, de 1903 à 1956, entre dans ces définitions tout en les dépassant. Bien que construisant et renforçant des normes de genre, Colette, pseudonyme d’Édouardina Lesage, aborde une variété de sujets : la mode, les manières d’entretenir la maison, les conflits au sein de la famille, l’étiquette, le fonctionnement de la société, les emplois, la littérature, l’histoire, la géographie et une multitude d’autres questions anodines4. Recevant entre 100 et 400 lettres par jour à l’apogée de sa popularité, la journaliste gère des problèmes de coeur et répond aux interrogations de tous les lecteurs et toutes les lectrices de La Presse qui lui envoient une missive5.
Corps et virilité : Hermann-Paul et la représentation du pacifisme français
Authors: Sabate Laurent
Published: July 2021

Cet article tente d’éclairer la vision d’un artiste, Hermann-Paul, afin de connaître les représentations d’un contemporain de l’entre-deux-guerres sur la France et les modèles de la civilisation occidentale. Le corpus se concentre sur son travail dans l’hebdomadaire Je suis partout qui offre le double avantage de pouvoir suivre l’artiste chaque semaine sur une décennie de décembre 1930 à février 1940. Les pacifistes sont des acteurs majeurs de la période qui défendent l’idée d’une paix durable. Le concept de la paix durable est défini par l’historien Carl Bouchard comme une expression représentant les désirs de cette population à la sortie du conflit : « (ils) n’ont pas la prétention de croire que les propositions de paix qu’ils exposent puissent rendre la paix permanente ou perpétuelle. Pour eux, la guerre est un problème sans solution tranchée, auquel il existe, au mieux, des palliatifs, la quête de la paix réactualisant à sa façon le mythe de Sisyphe ». Les défenseurs de la paix participent ainsi aux différents changements de la société de l’entre-deux-guerres, ce qui accentue l’angoisse civilisationnelle déjà débutée au XIXe siècle. Comment le caricaturiste intègre-t-il ces acteurs dans sa vision de la France en danger ?
El factor innovador en la agricultura de la Comunidad Valenciana (España). Factores que impulsan la innovación agraria / / / \ \ \ The innovative factor in agriculture in the Valencian Community (Spain). Factors driving agricultural innovation
Authors: Pérez-Ledo Pau , Segovia-Pérez Mónica
Published: July 2021

Resumen: La presente investigación sociológica se centra en la figura del productor agrario valenciano y su comportamiento frente a la innovación. Adoptar una actitud que favorezca la innovación depende de múltiples factores que influyen en la gestión de la empresa agraria. Este estudio utiliza los datos procedentes de una encuesta a productores agrarios valencianos que profundiza en los factores socioeconómicos que pueden decantar al productor agrario hacia una postura favorable a la innovación. Posteriormente, el estudio se centra en obtener un perfil tipo que represente al productor según sus características y las de su explotación, según su actitud innovadora y la orientación hacia factores influyentes, como son la orientación al mercado y la orientación al aprendizaje. Se observa una asociación positiva entre la actitud innovadora y el nivel de formación del agricultor y su proximidad a zonas urbanas, donde existe más acceso a conocimiento y servicios. El artículo concluye con la descripción de unos tipos ideales weberianos sobre agricultores basándose en su orientación hacia la innovación.
 
Palabras clave: Innovación, Agricultura Valenciana, Gestión del Territorio, Políticas Públicas, Sociología Rural.
 
Abstract: This sociological study focuses on rural innovation. Farmers are the main actors of innovation in the agricultural sector. This study focuses on the socio-economic profile of the Valencian farmer and his/her attitude towards innovation. Adopting a position inclined to innovate depends on multiple factors that influence business management. This paper uses data from a farmers’ survey carried out in the Valencia region that considers the socioeconomic factors that make farmers take a position favourable to innovation. Later, the study focuses on a typical profile of innovative producers, according to their characteristics, taking into account market orientation, learning orientation and innovative attitude. The results show a positive contribution of level of education and location in urban areas (access to knowledge and services) to the innovative attitude.
 
Key words: Innovation, Valencian Agriculture, Territorial Management, Public Policies, Rural Sociology.
Shrinking Rural Areas: demographic and broader interconnections of population decline in Hungary
Authors: Kovács Katalin , Tagai Gergely
Published: July 2021

Resumen: este artículo explora la dinámica de la población en Hungría durante las últimas tres décadas a nivel de distrito. La cartografía de los distritos en crecimiento, estancamiento y contracción desde diversas perspectivas indica patrones previstos, como los polos de crecimiento de la población en la zona suburbana alrededor de la capital, las ciudades más grandes y a lo largo de las fronteras con Austria y Eslovaquia en el sur. El hecho de que la contracción de grado significativo o dramático sea más frecuente en los distritos rurales que en sus homólogos urbanos y suburbanos, caracterizando a casi la mitad de las unidades rurales de nivel LAU-1, también se encuentra entre los resultados esperados de la investigación. El crecimiento o el estancamiento de las zonas rurales, especialmente en las regiones más atrasadas, representa un patrón imprevisto de dinámica demográfica para el que una interpretación secundaria de dos estudios de caso proporciona antecedentes socioeconómicos, espaciales e históricos.
 
Palabras clave: periferización, marginación, dinámica demográfica, regiones atrasadas.
 
Abstract: this article explores population dynamics in Hungary over the last three decades at the district level. Mapping of growing, stagnating and shrinking districts from a variety of perspectives indicates anticipated patterns such as population growth poles in the suburbanised area around the capital city, larger cities and along the Austrian and Southern Slovakian borderlines. The fact that shrinking of significant or dramatic degree is more prevalent across rural districts than in their urban and suburban counterparts characterising almost half of rural LAU-1 level units is also among the expected research results. Growing or stagnating rural areas especially in lagging regions represent an unforeseen pattern of population dynamics for which a secondary interpretation of two case studies provides socio-economic, spatial and historical background.
 
Key words: peripherization, marginalisation, population dynamics, lagging regions.
Reseña. Espacios y prácticas económicas alternativas en las ciudades españolas
Authors: Caraffa Marina
Published: July 2021

Resumen: La obra reseñada presenta los resultados de una amplia, concisa, y relevante investigación sobre las prácticas económicas alternativas que se materializan en diversas ciudades españolas. Adoptando una perspectiva geográfica, además de económica y social, pone de manifiesto las condicionantes y determinantes de esos territorios, en los cuales se materializan. Las especificidades, las diferentes modalidades de las prácticas y sus espacios, cómo se relacionan y cómo se conectan, son revelados a partir de una metodología multitécnica, sin agotar el tema, aportando inestimable valor en tiempos de crisis sistémica.
 
Palabras clave: espacios urbanos, prácticas económicas, economía alternativa, innovación social.
Reseña. El momento de la ciudadanía. Innovación social y gobernanza urbana
Authors: Miguel Argudo Pablo
Published: July 2021

Resumen: El momento de la ciudadanía es un interesante libro académico que analiza la emergencia de iniciativas de innovación social, surgidas en muchos municipios españoles, que buscan solucionar algunos problemas generados por las dinámicas de exclusión social, agravadas en el contexto de crisis económica de 2008, y a las que el Estado cada vez da respuesta con más dificultades. En esta reseña tratamos de hacer un breve repaso de las ideas que, en nuestra opinión, resultan más interesantes de la obra, respondiendo así a preguntas como: ¿cuáles son las dinámicas de exclusión social que fomentan la aparición de estas iniciativas de innovación social? ¿es el papel del Estado suficiente para hacerles frente? ¿las iniciativas trabajan al margen de las instituciones o con ayuda de estas? ¿qué influencia tiene ello en el éxito o fracaso de las iniciativas de innovación social?
 
Palabras clave: innovación social, exclusión social, municipalismo, gobernanza multinivel, ciudadanía.
Walk the Wall Athens: An Experiential Walk in the City
Authors: Karagiannopoulou Maria
Published: July 2021

Athens is a historic capital widely known for its legacy left to Western civilization and its publicly recognized and well-studied monuments of world heritage. But what do we really know about the Athenian antiquities that have been integrated into the city’s modern canvas? In how many ways can the urban landscape of Athens be re-introduced to the modern traveler? Walk the Wall Athens is a bilingual mobile application that allows the user to wander, literally and metaphorically, through the streets of Athens in order to explore the traces of the Themistoclean city wall and to recover this important monument from oblivion. Just as the ancient city wall surrounds Athens as a historical chain that crosses all the neighbourhoods of the modern city’s historical centre, the route provided by the interactive map of the application introduces the visitor to the layout of the modern Athenian metropolis. Through a walk on the remains of the ancient fortification, the application Walk the Wall Athens attempts to spark the interest and excite the curiosity of the Athenian traveller of the 21st century, introducing him to a journey of 2,500 years of history.
Da Lagkadikia al Mediterraneo: gli spazi delle migrazioni in Grecia
Authors: Raffaele Valerio
Published: July 2021

The geopolitical upheavals affecting the Middle East and North Africa at the beginning of the 21st century have created an arc of instability around the Balkan Peninsula, causing serious consequences for all the countries in the area as regards migration flows. Due to its peculiar geographical position, Greece has thus found itself at the forefront of the so-called migratory emergency, which has involved the European Union (UE) in the last few years. The Dublin Regulation first and then the closure of the borders, following the agreement on migrants between the UE and Turkey in March 2016, have made Greece a sort of first reception hotspot for the whole Eastern Mediterranean, giving rise at the same time to new Balkan migration routes managed by human traffickers. Historically a hinge between East and West, today’s Greece constitutes the ideal starting point to interpret in a multi-scalar perspective both the weaknesses of the paradigm on which the so-called ‘Fortress Europe’ is based, and the geographical variety of problematic ‘living spaces’ that recent migratory phenomena have contributed to build over time.
Credit Risk Management Using Automatic Machine Learning
Authors: Gaweł Bartłomiej , Paliński Andrzej
Published: July 2021

The article presents the basic techniques of data mining implemented in typical commercial software. They were used to assess the risk of credit card debt repayment. The article assesses the quality of classification models derived from data mining techniques and compares their results with the traditional approach using a logit model to assess credit risk. It turns out that data mining models provide similar accuracy of classification compared to the logit model, but they require much less work and facilitate the automation of the process of building scoring models.
HISTÓRIAS DENTRO DO FESTIVAL: Um retrato das 26 edições do Jaraguá em Dança
Authors: Schug Nathã Luiz , Souza Marco Aurélio da Cruz
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo fazer um recorte das inúmeras histórias ocorridas durante as edições do Festival Jaraguá em Dança, evento realizado a mais de duas décadas e meia na cidade de Jaraguá do Sul, norte do estado de Santa Catarina. A pesquisa principal teve como seu objetivo relatar sobre as 26 edições do evento, onde que obtivemos relatos através dos participantes do festival, onde devidamente selecionados foram submetidos a perguntas em gravação de vídeo. Utiliza-se de uma poética de um conto/livro de história.
O despertar para a dança cigana: um encontro de significados na arte e na licenciatura em dança
Authors: Schneider Patricia , Velloso Sonia Laiz Vernacci
Published: July 2021

Estudar e pesquisar as danças ciganas é uma nova maneira de contribuir para a preservação da memória de uma cultura milenar, com uma origem em comum com a dança do ventre, e que ao longo do tempo ramificou-se ao se espalhar pelo mundo, a medida em que o povo cigano, como nômade, deslocava- se. O objetivo desta investigação foi pesquisar e refletir sobre as danças ciganas em termos artísticos, pedagógicos e acadêmicos a partir do estudo de referenciais teóricos e vivências de uma das autoras do referido artigo. Buscou-se referências bibliográficas sobre o tema e associou-se como locus de investigação as experiências pessoais desta pesquisadora em aulas de danças ciganas e dança do ventre dos anos de 2017 a 2020, refletindo sobre suas tradições, assim como sobre práticas artísticas e pedagógicas e sua utilização em tempos contemporâneos, com enfoque na metodologia Gypsy Duende. Concluiu-se, com esta pesquisa, que tanto nas danças ciganas quanto na dança do ventre, ao criar significados a partir da diversidade cultural da etnia cigana, delineando relações entre a pessoa que dança e suas existências sociopolítico-culturais, são reconhecidos e valorizados conhecimentos históricos, étnicos e culturais a serem utilizados como instrumentos pedagógicos. Assim como em condutas de exploração da criatividade na dança, utilizando diferentes ritmos e que colaborem na pesquisa de movimentações, em busca de maior autenticidade da expressão e do movimento.
As experiências de um corpo em movência: elos metodológicos, de formação e processo de subjetivação em dança.
Authors: Andrade Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

Este artigo é um recorte do trabalho de conclusão de curso “Corpocasa: a dança antes do espetáculo”, que pretendeu, a partir da elaboração do conceito de corpocasa, problematizar a constituição do professor/artista/pesquisador. O método foi desenvolvido com base na análise auto-etnográfica do autor, a partir do seu processo de formação em dança em espaços não formais e dos atravessamentos de sua licenciatura em dança na Universidade Regional de Blumenau- FURB. Os recortes trazidos pelos autores perpassam por analisadores do campo do sujeito; seus processos de subjetivação, singularização e atravessamentos. Discute-se sobre ensino, aprendizagem, conceito, metodologia e caminhos possíveis para compreensão mais ampla da dança como área de conhecimento.
A renda renascença na Paraíba: enredos de cultura, moda e desenvolvimento regional
Authors: Silva Fabiana Miranda , Guerra Sobrinho Lemuel Dourado
Published: July 2021

Apresentamos neste artigo uma análise das transformações nas dinâmicas socioculturais da atividade da renda renascença no Cariri paraibano, engendradas a partir da criação de políticas públicas referidas à atividade citada, em sua interface com o desenvolvimento regional. Na pesquisa que deu origem a este artigo utilizamos: como perspectiva teórica, a contribuição de Néstor García Canclini sobre processos de hibridação sociocultural; uma metodologia que se baseou no estudo da história da produção de renda renascença no Cariri paraibano; e a realização de entrevistas, com uma amostra intencional estratificada pela posição dos atores no sistema de produção e comercialização da renda renascença (rendeiras, atores de ONG e estilistas). Dentre as principais conclusões a que chegamos, destacamos: de um lado, as rendeiras do Cariri paraibano vivenciam uma pressão crescente das demandas do mercado sobre as dinâmicas de sua atividade produtiva e, de outro, a inserção de atores estatais, paraestatais, dos estilistas no campo produtivo da renda renascença provocou e continua provocando alterações nas atividades das rendeiras, nos modos de as significar e as experienciar, o que tem contribuído para a sua diferenciação em relação às produções de outras regiões do Brasil.
Usability, Security and Trust of E-commerce Websites: The effect on the Nigerian E-shopper
Authors: Abraham Goodhead T. , Osaisai Evans F. , Dienagha Nicholas, S. , Ineyekineye Abalaba
Published: July 2021

With the internet fast-penetrating the Nigerian populace, e-commerce businesses have become commonplace, this has given rise to an increase in the number of Nigerians shopping online. However, there is a growing concern that most Nigerian e-shoppers prefer foreign to local online shops, resulting in an online fund-leak from the local economy. This work presents a comparative analysis of the usability of e-commerce websites in Nigeria, highlights the key findings viz: security and lack of trust. The findings were then related to why Nigerians prefer shopping from foreign rather than local e-commerce websites.  We argued that for e-commerce to thrive; usability should be given prime consideration, security should be guaranteed and trust-building ethos is practiced. We conclude that despite the ‘pay on delivery’ mode applied by e-commerce websites to woo customers and gain trust, the insecurity posed by the prevalence of online fraud in Nigeria has created apprehension and distrust among Nigerians towards local e-commerce websites and is contributing to why Nigerians prefer to buy from foreign rather than local e-commerce websites.
Li–Fraumeni Syndrome
Authors: Rabinowicz Ron , Malkin David
Published: July 2021

Li–Fraumeni syndrome is a rare inherited predisposition to the development of multiple cancer phenotypes at an early age which is attributed primarily to germline mutations of the
TP53
tumour suppressor gene. p53 plays a major role in the control of cellular growth, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis and senescence, particularly in response to DNA damage and other cellular stressors. The tumours most closely associated with LFS are called ‘core’ cancers and include soft tissue sarcomas, osteosarcoma, premenopausal breast cancer, brain tumours and adrenocortical carcinomas. Identification of these families is important in the study of cancer and the development of ethical and appropriate screening modalities, prevention, early cancer detection and treatment of individuals who harbour alterations of such cancer genes, in order that we may one day improve their prognosis.

Key Concepts

Li‐Fraumeni syndrome is caused by germline
TP53
mutations.

p53 is fundamental to DNA damage repair and genome stability.

Li‐Fraumeni syndrome is associated with a wide range of early‐onset cancers.

Comprehensive surveillance of
TP53
mutation carriers is associated with early tumor detection and improved clinical outcomes.

There are currently no effective pharmacologic measures to prevent cancer in
TP53
mutation carriers.
Drift: Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Ohta Tomoko
Published: July 2021

Drift is the process by which gene frequency changes erratically in a population. Random sampling of gametes at reproduction is the main cause of drift, and therefore the population size of a species is most important, that is often measured by the effective size. Homozygosity and inbreeding may increase by drift. The significance of drift has become clear in studies of population genetics and evolution at the molecular level by the expansion of genome data. The effects of drift are estimated by statistical analyses of molecular data on polymorphisms and divergence among related species. Drift is the prerequisite for attaining new genes by duplication. For the evolution of complex systems at the molecular level, the interplay of drift and selection is most important. Also, epigenetic mechanisms have significant influences on the interplay. Drift, selection, environmental factors and epigenetics are thought to work together here.

Key Concept

Interaction of drift and selection is important for evolution at the molecular level.

Weak selection is abundant in molecular evolution where drift operates.

The interplay of drift and selection is the basic principle of the Nearly Neutral theory.

Degeneration of genes and genomes occurs by drift in small populations.

Molecular interplay exists at various levels on genes and gene regulation to influence molecular evolution.
Online course design structure and interface
Authors: Ralston‐Berg Penny , Braatz Heather
Published: July 2021

This article examines the design structure and interface of online courses and explains how program‐wide design standards can benefit the learner, educator, and organization as a whole. Standards in program design can help support learner success, and these examples serve as a guide when designing, updating, or improving online adult and continuing education courses.
Pharmacokinetics‐On‐a‐Chip: In Vitro Microphysiological Models for Emulating of Drugs ADME
Authors: Ramadan Qasem , Fardous Roa Saleem , Hazaymeh Rana , Alshmmari Sultan , Zourob Mohammed
Published: July 2021

Despite many ongoing efforts across the full spectrum of pharmaceutical and biotech industries, drug development is still a costly undertaking that involves a high risk of failure during clinical trials. Animal models played vital roles in understanding the mechanism of human diseases. However, the use of these models has been a subject of heated debate, particularly due to ethical matters and the inevitable pathophysiological differences between animals and humans. Current in vitro models lack the sufficient functionality and predictivity of human pharmacokinetics and toxicity, therefore, are not capable to fully replace animal models. The recent development of micro‐physiological systems has shown great potential as indispensable tools for recapitulating key physiological parameters of humans and providing in vitro methods for predicting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in humans. Integration of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) processes within one close in vitro system is a paramount development that would meet important unmet pharmaceutical industry needs. In this review paper, synthesis of the ADME‐centered organ‐on‐a‐chip technology is systemically presented from what is achieved to what needs to be done, emphasizing the requirements of in vitro models that meet industrial needs in terms of the structure and functions.
3D‐Printed Wearable Electrochemical Energy Devices
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Liu Yuqing , Hao Junnan , Wallace Gordon G. , Beirne Stephen , Chen Jun
Published: July 2021

Emerging markets for wearable electronics have stimulated a rapidly growing demand for the commercialization of flexible and reliable energy storage and conversion units (including batteries, supercapacitors, and thermoelectrochemical cells). 3D printing, a rapidly growing suite of fabrication technologies, is extensively used in the above‐mentioned energy‐related areas owing to its relatively low cost, freedom of design, and controllable, reproducible prototyping capability. However, there remain challenges in processable ink formulation and accurate material/device design. By summarizing the recent progress in 3D‐printed wearable electrochemical energy devices and discussing the current limitations and future perspectives, this article is expected to serve as a reference for the scalable fabrication of advanced energy systems via 3D printing.
Magnesium Oxide‐Assisted Dual‐Cross‐Linking Bio‐Multifunctional Hydrogels for Wound Repair during Full‐Thickness Skin Injuries
Authors: Tang Xiaoduo , Wang Xiaomeng , Sun Yihan , Zhao Liang , Li Daowei , Zhang Junhu , Sun Hongchen , Yang Bai
Published: July 2021

Full‐thickness skin injuries have always been an intricate problem in clinical treatment. The application of biomaterials provides an artificial matrix for the recruitment of cells and deposition of extracellular matrix to accelerate wound healing. For the recovery of full‐thickness skin defects, the double cross‐linking of MgO‐catechol and Schiff's base bonds are used as part of the gel‐forming mechanism, and a bio‐multifunctional hydrogel (CCOD‐MgO) is prepared by adding MgO to catechol‐modified chitosan (CHI‐C) and oxidized dextran (ODex). The CCOD‐MgO demonstrates high tissue adhesion, excellent self‐repairing, hemostasis function, and low swelling rate. With the addition of MgO and catechol chelation, the adhesion strength of CCOD‐MgO is about 35 kpa, which is much greater than fibrin glue. Moreover, the CCOD‐MgO has better antibacterial properties than CHI‐C/ODex hydrogel (CCOD) due to the synergy of chitosan and MgO in vitro. Accordingly, the CCOD‐MgO can protect the wounds from infection and accelerate the healing speed of the epidermis in full‐thickness cutaneous defect and burn model in vivo. These results demonstrate that the CCOD‐MgO would be a promising therapeutic strategy in full‐thickness skin injuries for clinical therapies.
Black Phosphorus/Polymers: Status and Challenges
Authors: Zhang Ye , Ma Chunyang , Xie Jianlei , Ågren Hans , Zhang Han
Published: July 2021

As a newly emerged mono‐elemental nanomaterial, black phosphorus (BP) has been widely investigated for its fascinating physical properties, including layer‐dependent tunable band gap (0.3–1.5 eV), high ON/OFF ratio (104), high carrier mobility (103 cm2 V−1 s−1), excellent mechanical resistance, as well as special in‐plane anisotropic optical, thermal, and vibrational characteristics. However, the instability caused by chemical degradation of its surface has posed a severe challenge for its further applications. A focused BP/polymer strategy has more recently been developed and implemented to hurdle this issue, so at present BP/polymers have been developed that exhibit enhanced stability, as well as outstanding optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. This has promoted researchers to further explore the potential applications of black phosphorous. In this review, the preparation processes and the key properties of BP/polymers are reviewed, followed by a detailed account of their diversified applications, including areas like optoelectronics, bio‐medicine, and energy storage. Finally, in accordance with the current progress, the prospective challenges and future directions are highlighted and discussed.