bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states assisted by asymmetric Coulomb repulsion in a bipartite molecular device
Authors: Ma Xiang-Rui , Li Wei , Yuan Zhi-Hong , Zhou Wang-Huai , Nan Nan , Chen Di-Fang , Hou Yong-Dan , Zhang Jun , Xiong Yong-Chen
Published: July 2023

Interfacing magnetism with superconducting condensates are promising candidates holding Majorana bound states with which fault-tolerant quantum computation could be implemented. Within this field, understanding the detailed dynamics is important both for fundamental reasons and for the development of innovative quantum technologies. Herein, motivated by a molecular magnet Tb2Pc3 interacting with a superconducting Pb(111) substrate, which results in spin-orbital Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states, as is affirmed by a theoretical simulation with the aid of the numerical renormalization group technique (see Xia et al 2022 Nat. Commun.
13 6388), we study the YSR states and quantum phase transitions (QPTs) in a bipartite molecular device adsorbed on an

s
−

wave superconducting substrate. We highlight the effect of asymmetric Coulomb repulsion by computing the spectrum function and spin correlation function in various parameter regimes. We demonstrate that if one impurity is non-interacting, there are no YSR states in both impurities with any repulsion value in the other impurity. Whereas if the repulsion in one impurity is strong, the YSR states are observed in both impurities, and a QPT arises as the repulsion in the other impurity sweeps, assisted by the competition between the superconducting singlet (Cooper pair) and the Kondo singlet. The evolution of YSR states distinguishes from the single impurity case and can be well interpreted by the energy scales of the isotropic superconducting gap parameter, as well as the two Kondo temperatures. Our findings provide theoretical insights into the phase diagram of two magnetic impurities on a superconducting host and shine light on the effects induced by asymmetric Coulomb repulsion on many-body interactions.
High field magnetic transport measurements of FeGe thin plates
Authors: Li Long , Wang Weiwei , Xu Xitong , Wang Ning , Wang Zhaosheng , Song Dongsheng , Qu Zhe , Du Haifeng
Published: July 2023

Magnetic skyrmions have garnered considerable attention due to their topological properties and potential applications in information storage. These unique structures can be found in chiral magnets, including well-known compounds like MnSi and FeGe with a B20-type crystal structure. In this study, we utilized Lorentz transmission electron microscopy to investigate the influence of magnetic skyrmions on the Hall effect in FeGe under low magnetic fields. Additionally, we examined the magnetoresistance (MR) and Hall effect of FeGe under a high magnetic field of 28 T. Our findings reveal distinct mechanisms governing the MR at low and high temperatures. Notably, the anomalous Hall effect plays a significant role in the Hall resistivity observed at low magnetic fields. Meanwhile, the contribution of the skyrmion-induced topological Hall signal in the FeGe is ignorable. Furthermore, by employing a two-carrier model and fitting the carrier concentration of FeGe under high magnetic fields, we demonstrate a transition in the dominant carrier type from electrons to holes as the temperature increases. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the intrinsic magnetic properties of FeGe.
Stochastic dynamics of stochastic delay Duffing oscillator and sensitivity analysis to different types of signals
Authors: Wang QiuBao , Zhang Xing , Ai Hao , Yang Guijiang
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a stochastic delay differential system driven by the square wave signal is presented. The sensitivity of the system to different types of signals is evaluated by the dynamic behaviors of the system. The stochastic dynamic behaviors of the system is analyzed theoretically, and the theoretical chaotic threshold under different external excitation signals is deduced. The numerical simulation results show that the stochastic delay differential system is more sensitive to the square wave signals with the same frequency than the harmonic signal and the square wave signal with the different frequency.
Intelligent fault diagnosis for variable working conditions of rotor-bearing system based on vibration image and domain adaptation
Authors: Zhu Mengting , Liu Xiaoyue , Peng Cong , Gao Haining , Chen Lin , Zhou Yunan , Du Xiangyu
Published: July 2023

In recent years, intelligent condition monitoring and diagnosis based on deep learning have made great progress. However, traditional diagnostic methods mostly perform vibration analysis based on accelerometer signals, ignoring the influence of sensors on the mass load of the measured object. On the other hand, conventional transfer learning (TL) methods are mostly based on global distribution alignment to achieve intelligent diagnosis under variable working conditions. In this paper, a deep global subdomain adaptation network (DGSAN) is proposed to solve the intelligent diagnosis problem under variable working conditions based on vibration image and TL. First, visual measurement is introduced in vibration extraction. Based on the phase vibration extraction method, the vibration feature information is obtained from the visual vibration image to construct the vibration dataset. Then, the proposed DGSAN establishes a multi-layer domain adaptive network to minimize the difference in feature distribution and realize fine-grained feature distribution alignment of fault data under variable working conditions. Comparative experiments are carried out on the vibration image datasets of rotor-bearing systems, and the results show that the proposed method achieves high-precision transfer intelligent diagnosis.
Magnetic field sensors using VO2/Fe3O4 nanoparticle devices
*
Authors: Tabib-Azar Massood
Published: July 2023

We combined the metal-insulator transition (MIT) properties of VO2 and the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 to realize a magnetometer with very large nonlinearity and switching characteristics. VO2, Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and a conductive binder (silver paint) were mixed and drop-casted onto two-terminal gap junction devices. The device’s current–voltage characteristics exhibited current-switching behavior related to MIT in VO2 which changed with the external magnetic field. The magnetoresistance and magnetostriction in Fe3O4 both contributed to the field sensitivity of the sensor. Sensitivities as high as 1 A nT−1 (or 50.8 V T−1 with a current bias) were observed near the MIT voltage. The resulting minimum detectable signal was 20 pT/SQRT(Hz).
Darboux integrability for diagonal systems of hydrodynamic type
Authors: Agafonov Sergey I
Published: July 2023

We prove that (1) diagonal systems of hydrodynamic type are Darboux integrable if and only if the corresponding systems for commuting flows are Darboux integrable, (2) systems for commuting flows are Darboux integrable if and only if the Laplace transformation sequences terminate, (3) Darboux integrable systems are necessarily semihamiltonian. We give geometric interpretation for Darboux integrability of such systems in terms of congruences of lines and in terms of solution orbits with respect to symmetry subalgebras, discuss known and new examples.
On instability of a generic compressible two-fluid model in
R3
Authors: Wu Guochun , Yao Lei , Zhang Yinghui
Published: July 2023

This paper concerns the study of instability of a generic compressible two-fluid model in the whole space

R

3

, where the capillary pressure

f
(

α
−

ρ
−

)
=

P
+

−

P
−

≠
0

is taken into account. For the case that the capillary pressure is a strictly decreasing function near the equilibrium, namely,

f

′

(
1
)
<
0

, Evje et al (2016 Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal.
221 1285–316) established global stability of the constant equilibrium state for the three-dimensional Cauchy problem under some smallness assumptions. Recently, Wu et al (2022 arXiv:2204.10706) proved global stability of the constant equilibrium state for the case

P
+

=

P
−

(corresponding to

f

′

(
1
)
=
0

). We investigate instability of the constant equilibrium state for the case that the capillary pressure is a strictly increasing function near the equilibrium, namely,

f

′

(
1
)
>
0

. By employing the Hodge decomposition technique and making a detailed analysis of the Green’s function for the corresponding linearized system, we construct solutions of the linearized problem that grow exponentially in time in the Sobolev space Hk
, thus leading to a global instability result for the linearized problem. Moreover, with the help of this global linear instability result together with a local existence theorem of classical solutions to the original nonlinear system, we can show instability of the nonlinear problem in the sense of Hadamard by carefully analysing the properties of the semigroup. Therefore, our results show that for the case

f

′

(
1
)
>
0

, the constant equilibrium state of the two-fluid model is globally linearly unstable and locally nonlinearly unstable in the sense of Hadamard, which is different from the cases

f

′

(
1
)
<
0

(Evje et al 2016 Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal.
221 1285–316) and

P
+

=

P
−

(corresponding to

f

′

(
1
)
=
0

) (Wu et al 2022 arXiv:2204.10706) where the constant equilibrium state of the two-fluid model was proved to be globally nonlinearly stable.
A bi-directional beam-line energy ramping for efficient patient treatment with scanned proton therapy
Authors: Actis Oxana , Mayor Alexandre , Meer David , Rechsteiner Urs , Bolsi Alessandra , Lomax Antony John , Weber Damien Charles
Published: July 2023

Objective. The treatment of mobile tumours using Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS) has become more prevalent in the last decade. However, to achieve the same beam delivery quality as for static tumours, treatments have to be combined with motion mitigation techniques, not limited but including, breath hold, gating and re-scanning, which typically prolong treatment time. In this article we present a novel method of bi-directional energy modulation and demonstrate our initial experience in improvement of treatment efficiency. Approach. At Paul Scherrer Institute Gantry 2 mobile tumours are treated by combining PBS with gating and volumetric re-scanning (VR), where the target volume is irradiated multiple times. Initial implementation of VR used only descending beam energies, creating a substantial dead time due to the beam-line initialization (ramping) before each re-scan. In 2019 we commissioned an energy meandering strategy that allows us to avoid beam line ramping in-between energy series while maintaining beam delivery quality. Main results. The measured beam parameters difference for both energy sequence are in the order of the typical daily variations: 0.2 mm in beam position and 0.2 mm in range. Using machine log files, we performed point-to-point dose difference calculations between original and new applications where we observed dose differences of less than 2%. After three years of operation employing bi-directional energy modulation, we have analysed the individual beam delivery time for 181 patients and have compared this to simulations of the timing behaviour assuming uni-directional energy sequence application. Depending on treatment complexity, we obtained plan delivery time reductions of up to 55%, with a median time gain of 17% for all types of treatments. Significance. Bi-directional energy modulation can help improving patient treatment efficiency by reducing delivery times especially for complex and specialised irradiations. It could be implemented in many existing facilities without significant additional hardware upgrades.
Pilot study of contactless sleep apnea detection based on snore signals with hardware implementation
Authors: Li Heng , Lin Xu , Lu Yun , Wang Mingjiang , Cheng Hanrong
Published: July 2023

Objective. Sleep apnea has a high incidence and is a potentially dangerous disease, and its early detection and diagnosis are challenging. Polysomnography (PSG) is considered the best approach for sleep apnea detection, but it requires cumbersome and complicated operations. Thus, it cannot satisfy the family healthcare needs. Approach. To facilitate the initial detection of sleep apnea in the home environment, we developed a sleep apnea classification model based on snoring and hybrid neural network, and implemented the well trained model in an embedded hardware platform. We used snore signals from 32 patients at Shenzhen People's Hospital. The Mel-Fbank features were extracted from snore signals to build a sleep apnea classification model based on Bi-LSTM with attention mechanism. Main results. The proposed model classified snore signals into four types: hypopnea, normal condition, obstructive sleep apnea, and central sleep apnea, with 83.52% and 62.31% accuracies, corresponding to the subject-dependence and subject-independence validation, respectively. After pruning and model quantization, at the cost of 0.81% and 0.95% accuracy loss of the subject dependence and subject independence classification, respectively, the number of model parameters and model storage space were reduced by 32.12% and 60.37%, respectively. The model exhibited accuracies of 82.71% and 61.36% based on the subject dependence and subject independence validations, respectively. When the well trained model was successfully porting and running on an STM32 ARM-embedded platform, the model accuracy was 58.85% for the four classifications based on leave-one-subject-out validation. Significance. The proposed sleep apnea detection model can be used in home healthcare for the initial detection of sleep apnea.
Hybrid low-dropout voltage regulator designed with TFET-MOSFET nanowire technologies
Authors: Tolêdo Rodrigo do Nascimento , Martino Joao Antonio , Der Agopian Paula Ghedini
Published: July 2023

In this work, hybrid low-dropout voltage regulators (LDO) designed with a tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET)-MOSFET nanowire (NW) technologies are presented. The devices were modeled using Verilog-A with lookup tables based on experimental data of NW-TFETs and NW-MOSFETs fabricated in the same silicon vertical process flow. In all LDOs, the amplifier devices were biased with the same gm/I
D = 9.5 V−1 for a maximum load current/capacitance of 1 mA/1 nF. In the hybrid regulators, the power transistors are designed with NW-MOSFETs to deliver the high load current, while the other devices are implemented with NW-TFET to provide high gain and low power consumption. Due to different onset voltages, two hybrid LDOs are proposed, one with symmetrical onset voltages implemented with a voltage shift (Hybrid-ΔV LDO) and one with a level-shift stage using the real characteristics of the devices (Hybrid-LS LDO). The hybrid circuits were compared to LDOs designed using only NW-TFETs and with only NW-MOSFETs. The Hybrid-ΔV LDO presents the best loop gain (62 dB) with a low quiescent current (7 nA), while the Hybrid-LS LDO shows a good gain-bandwidth product (700 Hz). In the transient analysis, the hybrid circuits showed a settling time close to the NW-MOSFET LDO but with higher undershoot/overshoot values in the case of a load transient. As demonstrated, the use of hybrid projects with TFET-MOSFET NW technologies enable LDOs with ultra-low power consumption and high loop gain, that are presented on TFET circuits and with a frequency response equivalent of MOSFET circuits.
A novel lorenz-sine coupling chaotic system and its application on color image encryption
Authors: Zhang Ning , Liu Jie , Tong Xiaojun , Jiao Wei , Gan Hongping
Published: July 2023

The chaos-based image encryption has been extensively studied for image security owing to its high efficiency. However, both the complexity of the chaotic system and the chaos-based image encryption method must be enhanced. A Lorenz-Sine coupling chaotic system with complex behavior and a novel image encryption scheme is presented in this work. By adding a nonlinear controller containing sinusoidal function to the Lorenz system, we obtain smooth chaotic attractors with a unique appearance. Analysis of the dynamical properties shows that it has a multi-symmetry stranger attractor and a large chaotic range. Based on the proposed chaotic system, a pseudorandom sequence generator is designed to generate keys with high randomness. Furthermore, an image encryption scheme using spiral-rotation and random permutation is presented. Cipher-feedback is employed to increase the avalanche effect. The encryption efficiency and the security analysis are simulated. The result shows that the correlation coefficient between the adjacent pixels of the proposed scheme achieves

10

−
4

.

The NPCR of the proposed scheme is larger than 0.9661 and the UACI falls within the theoretical value of UACI with a significance level of 0.05. Thus, the proposed scheme is more capable against differential attacks. Furthermore, it is more robust against noise attacks and cropping attacks.
Bi-directional controlled asymmetric teleportation protocol initiated by a mentor in noisy environments
Authors: Choudhury Binayak S , Mandal Manoj Kumar , Dolai Biswanath , Samanta Soumen
Published: July 2023

In this paper we consider the problem of the bidirectional state transfer of a 2-qubit and a 3-qubit quantum state unknown to the parties, respectively, who intend to send the respective states in the site of the other party. These states are intended for transfer but are not possessed by the intender. The protocol has a Mentor whose role is in the fabrication of entangled channels, distribution of qubits through the noisy environment in order to create entanglement sharing and finally fixing one of the several courses of the protocol. The role of the Mentor is thereby completed. The protocol is overseen by a controller whose action signals the final steps to be taken in the protocol. Three types of noises are considered through three different Kraus operators. There is an analysis of the fidelity of the protocol corresponding to three types of noises.
Gaussian and Faddeeva broadening of the Franz-Keldysh oscillations at three-dimensional critical-points
Authors: Alomar Abdulazeez S
Published: July 2023

Faddeeva broadening (FB) couples the physical characteristics of Gaussian and Lorentzian broadening into a single profile shaping the spectral response of dielectric functions. The electric field induces Franz-Keldysh oscillations (FKOs) as deviations in the dielectric function of semiconductors. We investigated the impact of Gaussian and FB on FKOs at the isotropic M0 of three-dimensional critical points. The twenty-pole Martin–Donoso–Zamudio quadrature was applied to compute the FB of FKOs in differential reflectivity based on the electro-optic function, H(z), with the complex Airy function, Ai(z). H(z) was simplified into a compact product of

K

(
z
)

=
A

i
′

(
z
)

+

z

A
i

(
z
)

to reduce the truncation error and determine its asymptotics. We derived a general asymptotic expansion of order N, accounting for Stokes’ phenomenon as the arg(z) crosses

2
π

/
3
.

The computation of H(z) is detailed for twelve digits of accuracy. The effects of higher Gaussian and FB widths on the damping of FKOs are assessed using FKO peak-to-peak attenuations. For the low-field regime, this work H(z) smoothly evolves into Aspnes’ third derivative functional form (TDFF). Between low- to intermediate-field regimes, we investigated the boundaries for the relevant use of the TDFF by assessing parameters extracted from simulated lineshapes, and the average root mean-squared error. We fitted of the Faddeeva broadened single Airy model

Δ
R

/
R

to published experimental photoreflectance (PR) lineshapes of InGaAsP. To model degenerate light-and heavy-holes transitions, we fitted of the Faddeeva broadened double Airy model

Δ
R

/
R

to published experimental contactless electroreflectance (CER) lineshapes of GaAs. In addition to legacy mean-squared error (

χ

2

) and coefficient of determination (

R
2

), the goodness of fit was evaluated using the unbiased Akaike information criteria. The effectiveness of Faddeeva versus Lorentzian broadening in sample PR and CER spectra analysis was assessed using Airy function FKO models. Concludingly, the FB of the differential reflectivity

Δ
R

/
R

model outperformed the Lorentzian broadening even with the empirical energy-dependent width.
Directional direct detection of light dark matter up-scattered by cosmic rays from direction of the Galactic center
Authors: Nagao Keiko I. , Higashino Satoshi , Naka Tatsuhiro , Miuchi Kentaro
Published: July 2023

Dark matter with MeV scale mass is difficult to detect with standard direct search detectors.
However, they can be searched for by considering the up-scattering of kinetic energies by cosmic rays. Because the dark matter density is higher in the central region of the Galaxy, the up-scattered dark matter will arrive at Earth from the direction of the Galactic center. Once the dark matter is detected, we can expect to recognize this feature by directional direct detection experiments. In this study, we simulate the nuclear recoils of the up-scattered dark matter and
quantitatively reveal that a large amount of this type of dark matter is arriving from the direction of the Galactic center.
Also, we have shown that the characteristic signatures
of the up-scattered dark matter can be verified with more than 5σ confidence levels for the assumed target atoms and future upgrades to directional detectors.
Analytic auto-differentiable ΛCDM cosmography
Authors: Karchev Konstantin
Published: July 2023

I present general analytic expressions for distance calculations (comoving distance, time coordinate, and absorption distance) in the standard ΛCDM cosmology, allowing for the presence of radiation and for non-zero curvature. The solutions utilise the symmetric Carlson basis of elliptic integrals, which can be evaluated with fast numerical algorithms that allow trivial parallelisation on GPUs and automatic differentiation without the need for additional special functions. I introduce a PyTorch-based implementation in the phytorch.cosmology package and briefly examine its accuracy and speed in comparison with numerical integration and other known expressions (for special cases). Finally, I demonstrate an application to high-dimensional Bayesian analysis that utilises automatic differentiation through the distance calculations to efficiently derive posteriors for cosmological parameters from up to 106 mock type Ia supernovæ using variational inference.
Broadband Alfvénic excitation correlated to turbulence level in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator plasmas
Authors: Vaz Mendes S. , Rahbarnia K. , Slaby C. , Thomsen H. , Schilling J. , Borchardt M. , Kleiber R. , Könies A. , Bähner J.-P. , von Stechow A. , Sunn Pedersen T. , Klinger T.
Published: July 2023

During the first operational phase (OP1) of the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator, poloidal magnetic field fluctuations,

B
˙

θ

, were measured in several different plasma scenarios with a system of Mirnov coils. In the spectrograms, multiple frequency bands close together in frequency are observed below f = 600 kHz. Furthermore, a dominant feature is the appearance of a frequency band with the highest spectral amplitude centred between

f
=
180
−
220

 kHz. The fluctuations are observed from the beginning of most W7-X plasmas of OP1, which were often operated solely with electron cyclotron resonance heating. The fluctuations show characteristics known from Alfvén waves and possibly Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs). However, the fast particle drive from heating sources, which is generally a driver necessary for the appearance of AEs in magnetic confinement plasmas, is absent in most of the analysed experiments. A characterization of the Alfvénic fluctuations measured during OP1 plasmas is possible using a newly developed tracking algorithm. In this paper, we extensively survey the different spectral properties of the fluctuations in correlation with plasma parameters and discuss possible driving mechanisms. The correlation studies of the dynamics of the possible ellipticity induced AEs indicate that Alfvén activity in the frequency interval between

f
=
100
−
450

kHz could be excited due to an interaction with turbulence, or profile effects also affecting the turbulence amplitude.
Application of bayesian network based on fault tree in fault diagnosis of Radio Altimeter System
Authors: Gao Junru , Yao Bin , Shen Tianfei
Published: July 2023

The radio altimeter system is an important part of the aircraft navigation system, the system failure will directly affect flight safety. Therefore, to ensure the safe flight of the aircraft, a fault diagnosis method based on fault trees and Bayesian networks was proposed in this paper. Firstly, starting from the system composition and working principle, taking the typical failure of the system ‘loss of radio altitude displays’ as an example, the fault trees were set up to comprehensively analyze the cause of the fault. On this basis, the built-in fault tree models were used to build the Bayesian network model, and to determine the maximum possible paths and key nodes of the fault through reverse reasoning to achieve the fault positioning. The outcomes demonstrate the excellent accuracy and dependability of the proposed method.
Isogeometric pre-buckling analysis of laminated shallow shells
Authors: Hu Yuechen , Huang Zhengdong , Fan Kuan , Zhang Yun
Published: July 2023

The deployment of laminated shallow shells has achieved significant traction across the domains of aerospace, mechanical, and marine engineering, where ensuring structural stability remains a major consideration. In this paper, the pre-buckling analysis of laminated shells is proposed based on the isogeometric model. The geometric structure and displacement of the shallow shell are represented by NURBS basis functions with fewer control points, and the nonlinear behavior of the shell is shown by the path-following method. The result shows that the nonlinear pre-buckling critical points are associated with the laminated material, which provides a certain reference for the further optimization of laminated parameters to improve the pre-buckling performance of shells.
Aerodynamic design and experimental study of small flow rate centrifugal compressor
Authors: Li Siru , Yu Guoxin , Chen Jinjian , Gui Xingmin , Chang Yunxue , Han Cong , Zhu Wanpeng , Yin Jiqiang , Zhang Yin
Published: July 2023

The aerodynamic design of a single-stage of a small flow rate centrifugal compressor is completed by theoretical analysis and CFD simulation, and the simulation results can meet the target performance. In addition, an equal proportion prototype performance test bench was designed and built, and the prototype performance test using air as working medium was completed. The results show that the overall trend of the measured flow-pressure ratio curve fits well with the simulation curve. Due to the error of simulation calculation, the measured mass flow rate is a little small and there is a certain difference with the simulation data. Based on the results, the structure of impeller and volute was optimized, and the performance was retested. The retest results show that the flow range of the measured pressure ratio and efficiency curve can basically cover the simulated curve, and the difference between the measured value and the simulated value of pressure ratio and efficiency decreases significantly. Using air medium, when the mass flow is 0.01kg/s, the pressure ratio is 1.17 and the isentropic efficiency is 85%. The results confirm the feasibility of this design method, which can provide important reference for the design of small-flow centrifugal compressor.
Preface to the Proceedings of TEMPMEKO and TEMPBEIJING 2019
Authors: Todd Andrew D.W.
Published: July 2023

The 14
th
International Symposium on Temperature and Thermal Measurements in Industry and Science (TEMPMEKO) and the 4
th
International Temperature Conference, Beijing (TEMPBEIJING) were held jointly along with the Metrology for Meteorology and Climate conference (MMC) in 2019, in the city of Chengdu in the People’s Republic of China. This joint event was hosted by the National Metrology Institute of China (NIM) and the Chinese Society for Measurements.

The events attracted attendees from all over the world. The event had 190 oral presentations and 222 poster presentations across a breadth of topics. Figure 1 shows the distribution of oral presentations by topic.
Automatic calibration system of thermo-hygrometers
Authors: Yang Ju , Yi Hong , Li Zhangyuan , Ren Changqing
Published: July 2023

Machine vision technology is an interdisciplinary subject involving plenty of fields such as artificial intelligence, neurobiology, psychophysics, computer science, image processing and pattern recognition, etc. In recent years, with rapid development of the technology, machine vision recognition is widely used in many fields of detection and control. For thermo-hygrometers calibration, the manual operation method is used traditionally. This has proven to be a cumbersome, time-consuming, and error-prone activity, as there are lots of models and quantities of thermo-hygrometers to be calibrated. Therefore, an automatic thermo-hygrometers calibration system was developed by using vision recognition technology in combination with automatic movement control as well as a purposely structured database management software. It can complete the calibration and the verification task accurately, timely and efficiently. It has drastically reduced the workload, improved accuracy, and realized the automatic calibration of the thermo-hygrometers.
Construction and comparison of high temperature fixed points at NRC and CEM
Authors: Mantilla J. M. , Woods D. J. , Emms R. , Martín M. J. , Todd A.D.W. , del Campo D.
Published: July 2023

This paper describes the collaborative project between National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and Centro Español de Metrología (CEM) for the construction and comparison of high temperature fixed points (HTFPs). A hybrid-type crucible that uses the piston method for filling has been jointly developed. A series of 12 high temperature fixed point blackbodies (HTFPBBs) have been constructed, including Cu, Ru-C, Ir-C, Re-C and WC-C covering the temperature range from 1084°C to 2750°C. All these cells were filled in NRC facilities by CEM and NRC staff. Two cells of each type of fixed point were constructed (except for the WC-C cells), using crucibles from two different suppliers in order to study the influence of the density and emissivity of the crucible in the HTFPs’ performance. Moreover, four WC-C cells were made using tungsten powder from two different suppliers, covering all the possible combinations of tungsten powder and crucibles acquired for this project. All cells, and additionally a Pt-C HTFPBB belonging to NRC, have been measured firstly at NRC and, afterwards, at CEM. Both laboratories have calculated the ITS-90 temperatures from their respective measurements and the results have been compared. Differences on the ITS-90 temperatures of the HTFPBBs measured at each lab are within uncertainties of the comparison. After the comparison, CEM kept one Cu cell, one Ru-C cell, one Re-C cell and two WC-C cells. The rest of the fixed points involved in the comparison were sent back to NRC.
Bloch state constrained by spatial and time-reversal symmetries
Authors: Okamura Koshi
Published: July 2023

The time-reversal symmetry in a nonmagnetic condensed-matter system is revised to the form dependent on the spatial symmetry of two-fold rotation in addition to the conventional inversion. The Bloch state within the constraints of spatial and time-reversal symmetries is demonstrated for representative systems of Si and GaAs on the basis of first-principles calculations. The nondegenerate gapless state in a topological system is also assessed.
Relaxation effects in twisted bilayer molybdenum disulfide: structure, stability, and electronic properties
Authors: Arnold Florian M , Ghasemifard Alireza , Kuc Agnieszka , Kunstmann Jens , Heine Thomas
Published: July 2023

Manipulating the interlayer twist angle is a powerful tool to tailor the properties of layered two-dimensional crystals. The twist angle has a determinant impact on these systems’ atomistic structure and electronic properties. This includes the corrugation of individual layers, formation of stacking domains and other structural elements, and electronic structure changes due to the atomic reconstruction and superlattice effects. However, how these properties change with the twist angle, θ, is not yet well understood. Here, we monitor the change of twisted bilayer (tBL) MoS2 characteristics as a function of θ. We identify distinct structural regimes, each with particular structural and electronic properties. We employ a hierarchical approach ranging from a reactive force field through the density-functional-based tight-binding approach and density-functional theory. To obtain a comprehensive overview, we analyzed a large number of tBLs with twist angles in the range of

θ
=

0.2
∘

…

59.6
∘

. Some systems include up to half a million atoms, making structure optimization and electronic property calculation challenging. For

13

°

≲
θ
≲

47

°

, the structure is well-described by a moiré regime composed of two rigidly twisted monolayers. At small twist angles (

θ
⩽

3
∘

and

57
∘

⩽
θ

), a domain-soliton regime evolves, where the structure contains large triangular stacking domains, separated by a network of strain solitons and short-ranged high-energy nodes. The corrugation of the layers and the emerging superlattice of solitons and stacking domains affects the electronic structure. Emerging predominant characteristic features are Dirac cones at K and kagome bands. These features flatten for θ approaching 0∘ and 60∘. Our results show at which range of θ the characteristic features of the reconstruction, namely extended stacking domains, the soliton network, and superlattice, emerge and give rise to exciting electronics. We expect our findings also to be relevant for other tBL systems.
Protest over Fermilab visitor curbs
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: July 2023

A “Reopen Fermilab” petition has been set up in response to rules that visitors to the facility must present identification approved by the US Department of Homeland Security.
Freeman Dyson: the radical scientist
Authors: Johnston Hamish
Published: July 2023

From space travel and the origins of life, to quantum foundations and extraterrestrial megastructures; mathematical physicist Freeman Dyson was a radical scientist. Based on a new biography, Hamish Johnston delves into the life and scientific legacy of the unorthodox genius, who was born 100 years ago.
How a technique from particle physics could transform MRI
Authors: Miller Jack
Published: July 2023

An experimental technique that started life in nuclear and particle physics is now being used to measure chemical reactions inside the human body and to help diagnose cancer and heart disease in almost 50 clinical trials. Jack Miller charts the unexpected rise of dynamic nuclear polarization, which is vastly improving the quality of magnetic resonance imaging.
How not to be fooled by models
Authors: Massimi Michela
Published: July 2023

Michela Massimi reviews Escape from Model Land by Erica Thompson.
The first Martian metropolis
Authors: Randall Ian
Published: July 2023

Ian Randall reviews The First City on Mars: an Urban Planner’s Guide to Settling the Red Planet by Justin Hollander.
‘Quantum materials are going through a revolution’
Authors: Holst Faye
Published: July 2023

Leni Bascones – a quantum physicist at Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid in Spain – talks to Faye Holst about her journey into quantum physics, her research on quantum materials, and how women are vital for the future of the field.
Great gaffe in the sky
Authors: Tierney Tom
Published: July 2023

Tom Tierney turns the famous album cover into a classroom physics exercise.
Faster variational quantum algorithms with quantum kernel-based surrogate models
Authors: Smith Alistair W R , Paige A J , Kim M S
Published: July 2023

We present a new optimization strategy for small-to-intermediate scale variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) on noisy near-term quantum processors which uses a Gaussian process surrogate model equipped with a classically-evaluated quantum kernel. VQAs are typically optimized using gradient-based approaches however these are difficult to implement on current noisy devices, requiring large numbers of objective function evaluations. Our approach shifts this computational burden onto the classical optimizer component of these hybrid algorithms, greatly reducing the number of quantum circuit evaluations required from the quantum processor. We focus on the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm and demonstrate numerically that these surrogate models are particularly well suited to the algorithm’s objective function. Next, we apply these models to both noiseless and noisy VQE simulations and show that they exhibit better performance than widely-used classical kernels in terms of final accuracy and convergence speed. Compared to the typically-used stochastic gradient-descent approach to VQAs, our quantum kernel-based approach is found to consistently achieve significantly higher accuracy while requiring less than an order of magnitude fewer quantum circuit executions. We analyze the performance of the quantum kernel-based models in terms of the kernels’ induced feature spaces and explicitly construct their feature maps. Finally, we describe a scheme for approximating the best-performing quantum kernel using a classically-efficient tensor network representation of its input state and so provide a pathway for scaling this strategy to larger systems.
On the devolvement of fractal antenna for IoT applications
Authors: Kumar Ashwini , Dewan Basudha , Khandelwal Arpit , Shrivastava Kapil
Published: July 2023

A fractal patch antenna is designed and fabricated on FR4-epoxy substrate for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Minkowski fractal has been used in the design of radiating element of antenna and slots are incorporated in the partial ground structure. The proposed antenna is miniaturized by 65% in terms of resonating frequency using Minkowski fractal. The proposed structure of antenna has an overall size of 60× 40 ×1.6 mm3. The antenna resonates at 1.223, 1.58, 2.69, and at 3.54 GHz. It exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 0.11 (1.16–1.27) GHz, 0.23 (1.47–1.70) GHz, and 4.5 (1.99–6.49) GHz. The proposed antenna has a peak gain of 3.4 dBi. The key benefits of the proposed antenna are: simple structure, improved performance characteristics, and its usefulness for applications such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Radar Altimeter, Public Safety Applications, and 5G communications in sub-6 GHz band. The simulated results of the proposed fractal antenna have been verified experimentally. The results are highly convincing.
Conditions on the monodromy for a surface group extension to be CAT(0)
Authors: Zhu Kejia
Published: July 2023

In order to determine when surface-by-surface bundles are non-positively curved, Llosa Isenrich and Py [Math. Ann. 380 (2021), pp. 449–485] give a necessary condition: given a surface-by-surface group

G
G

with infinite monodromy, if

G
G

is CAT(0) then the monodromy representation is injective. We extend this to a more general result: Let

G
G

be a group with a normal surface subgroup

R
R

. Assume

G

/

R

G/R

satisfies the property that for every infinite normal subgroup

Λ
\Lambda

of

G

/

R

G/R

, there is an infinite finitely generated subgroup

Λ
0

>
Λ

\Lambda _0>\Lambda

so that the centralizer

C

G

/

R

(

Λ
0

)

C_{G/R}(\Lambda _0)

is finite. We then prove that if

G
G

is CAT(0) with infinite monodromy, then the monodromy representation has a finite kernel. This applies in particular if

G

/

R

G/R

is acylindrically hyperbolic.
Introduction: Remixing the Classics
Authors: Sullivan Erin
Published: July 2023

Drawing on the findings of the Remixing the Classics research network, this introduction highlights the importance of both digital culture and classic literature to adaptation studies today. It starts with a historiographical account of digital media’s impact on adaptive creativity and adaptation studies, particularly in light of twenty-first-century franchise culture and transmedia storytelling. It then makes a case for the continued relevance of classic literature to these fields, despite its decreased prominence within adaptation studies and its near-invisibility in transmedia studies. That case is grounded in three arguments: the continued centrality of these texts in compulsory education, the potential for radical adaptations to articulate progressive political engagements through canonical works, and the special ability of repeatedly adapted literature to illuminate cultural change. The introduction finishes with a summary of the issue’s contents and an assertion of the artistic, pedagogical, and political significance of new media to old stories and old stories to new media.
The dualist character of a garden’s aesthetic properties
Authors: Fenner David
Published: July 2023

The attribution of perceptually based aesthetic properties to a garden should be indexed to whether that attribution is (1) to the ever-changing dynamic garden or (2) to some phenomenal capture of the garden in one’s experience, frozen like a photograph. Perceptually based aesthetic properties are used to identify objects, to compare them to others, to evaluate them, and to describe them as we seek to interpret or find meaning in them. This set of activities requires aesthetic properties that do not change, or at least not much, if any degree of normativity is to be maintained. But those aesthetic properties that are derived from our immediate sensations of a garden only describe a garden at a certain time, under certain conditions, in certain states—all of which change constantly. Both descriptions are useful, and perhaps necessary, for appreciating gardens.
Funded hospital discharges to care homes: a cohort study
Authors: Wilson Carol L , Keevil Victoria L , Goodman Claire
Published: July 2023

Background

Optimising timely discharge from hospitals is an international priority. In 2020, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in the United Kingdom Government implementing the Discharge to Assess (D2A) model across England. This funded temporary care home placement to allow further recovery and assessment of care needs outside of the hospital.

Objectives

Determine if older adults discharged from hospital to care homes after implementation of D2A differ in their characteristics or outcomes.

Design and methods

Two cohorts of older adults discharged from hospital to care homes pre- and post-implementation of the D2A model (n = 244), with 6 months of follow-up. Data were extracted from routinely collected healthcare records.

Results

The mean duration of the hospital admission was reduced (29 vs. 23 days (P = 0.02)) but discharges to care homes did not increase with implementation of D2A (n = 161 in both cohorts prior to exclusions). In July–December 2020 (post-implementation), 28% of people were living in a private residence 6 months post-discharge, compared with 18% in the same period in 2019 (P = 0.09). When those who died were excluded, this changed to 40 vs. 28% (P = 0.19). There was no change in 6-month mortality (26 vs. 35% (P = 0.17)), and no increase in readmission rate (0.48 vs. 0.63 (P = 0.21) readmissions-per-patient over 6 months). No differences in key characteristics were found. However, patients were placed in care homes further from admission addresses (17.3 vs. 9.8 km (P = 0.00001)).

Conclusions

Implementation of D2A did not result in poorer outcomes but was associated with a reduced length of hospital stay.
The extent of anticholinergic burden across an older Welsh population living with frailty: cross-sectional analysis of general practice records
Authors: Cheong V-Lin , Mehdizadeh David , Todd Oliver M , Gardner Peter , Zaman Hadar , Clegg Andrew , Alldred David P , Faisal Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Background

Anticholinergic medicines are associated with adverse outcomes for older people. However, little is known about their use in frailty. The objectives were to (i) investigate the prevalence of anticholinergic prescribing for older patients, and (ii) examine anticholinergic burden according to frailty status.

Methods

Cross-sectional analysis of Welsh primary care data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage databank including patients aged ≥65 at their first GP consultation between 1 January and 31 December 2018. Frailty was identified using the electronic Frailty Index and anticholinergic burden using the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were conducted to (i) describe the type and frequency of anticholinergics prescribed; and (ii) to estimate the association between frailty and cumulative ACB score (ACB-Sum).

Results

In this study of 529,095 patients, 47.4% of patients receiving any prescription medications were prescribed at least one anticholinergic medicine. Adjusted regression analysis showed that patients with increasing frailty had higher odds of having an ACB-Sum of >3 compared with patients who were fit (mild frailty, adj OR 1.062 (95%CI 1.061–1.064), moderate frailty, adj OR 1.134 (95%CI 1.131–1.136), severe frailty, adj OR 1.208 (95%CI 1.203–1.213)).

Conclusions

Anticholinergic prescribing was high in this older population. Older people with advancing frailty are exposed to the highest anticholinergic burden despite being the most vulnerable to the associated adverse effects. Older people with advancing frailty should be considered for medicines review to prevent overaccumulation of anticholinergic medications, given the risks of functional and cognitive decline that frailty presents.
CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing for comparative genetic analysis related to soy sauce brewing in Aspergillus sojae industrial strains
Authors: Igarashi Takayuki , Katayama Takuya , Maruyama Jun-ichi
Published: July 2023

Aspergillus sojae has traditionally been used in soy sauce brewing. Genetic modification techniques have been established in A. sojae, but it is difficult to apply them to various industrial strains. Although we have previously developed a CRISPR/Cpf1 system for genetic modification of A. sojae, another genome editing system was required for versatile modification. In addition, repetitive genetic modification using the CRISPR system has not been established in A. sojae. In this study, we demonstrated mutagenesis, gene deletion/integration, and large deletion of a chromosomal region in A. sojae using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We also successfully performed repetitive genetic modification using a method that involved forced recycling of genome-editing plasmids. Moreover, we demonstrated that the effects of genetic modification related to soy sauce brewing differed among A. sojae industrial strains. These results showed that our technique of using the CRISPR/Cas9 system is a powerful tool for genetic modification in A. sojae.