bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical education and new forms of activity following the implementation of the core curriculum in Norway in 2020
Authors: Bratten Judith Helene , Kilanowska Jolanta
Published: January 2022

Teaching physical education is intended to stimulate lifelong joy of movement for students and help them to master life. The core elements of this subject and the interdisciplinary topic of health and life skills, introduced in the new core curriculum (i.e., Fagfornyelsen 2020), enable a broader understanding of students’ holistic development.
This article aims to highlight how using movement activities such as yoga, qigong, massage, expressive dance, and visualisation and relaxation techniques, collectively referred to as activities with low pulse and little exertion, can contribute to achieving the aforementioned goals.
In 2017, one of the authors conducted an autoethnographic study at the secondary school in Norway where she worked (Bratten, 2017). She studied which feelings and experiences stood out as meaningful ones for students and teachers in activities with low pulse and low exertion, hereinafter referred to as LpLe-activities. The results were divided into the following categories: different, bodily experiences, and usefulness. The phenomenological approach and Shusterman’s theory of somaesthetics were used to clarify the findings.
This discussion demonstrates that the aforementioned activities can create inner security and give students faith in themselves and contribute to goal achievement in physical education. This happens through good and deep sensory experiences and inner experiences that students get in the classes. Such an approach to physical education teaching, focussing on what occurs in the body, has been untraditional and requires knowledge and teachers’ desire to enrich the traditional practice of the subject.
Sport as a Means of Promoting Universal Humanistic Values
Authors: Bilous Anton
Published: January 2022

Aim. Conceptualization of the axiological potential of sport as an important social phenomenon that covers all levels of modern society. Material and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of our study is: 1) works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists in the process of learning the essence of sport, its place in the socio-cultural space; 2) the results of modern cultural studies; 3) speculations of representatives of axiological knowledge. The specifics of the theoretical study also determined the need to involve a number of scientific approaches to the analysis of the phenomenon of sport: 1) systemic; 2) personality-oriented; 3) axiological; 4) culturological.

Results. The analysis of the special literature on the chosen topic provided the basis for: 1) determining the formation of humanistic values ​​of the task relevant to the society; 2) conceptualization of the basic conditions for the promotion of the following values ​​(gaining value experience by engaging in axiological knowledge and examples of success of life strategies based on humanistic values; involvement in the value reality, which formulates clear requirements for the individual in combination with creating conditions to meet its needs ); 3) appeal to sport as a specific phenomenon of cultural life and a source of a significant number of examples of success of life strategies based on humanistic values; 4) highlighting the potential of sport in terms of promoting universal humanistic values.

Conclusions. Special studies prove that the topic of humanistic values ​​does not lose relevance. Accordingly, the task is to ensure their promotion in society. There are reasonable grounds to claim that one of the means of solving this problem is modern sport. It is the social phenomenon that has the potential to provide the basic conditions for the promotion of humanistic values: 1) considerable space for gaining valuable experience; 2) effective involvement in the value reality.
Clinical and metabolic parameters, Ca2+, parathormone depending on serum 25(OH)D concentration in hypertensive patients in the West-Ukrainian population
Authors: Semianiv Marianna , Sydorchuk Larysa
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Low plasma levels of 25-OH vitamin D (25(OH)D) have been associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension. The purpose of the research was to establish the association of clinical and metabolic parameters, Ca2+, parathormone and serum 25(OH)D concentration in hypertensive patients in the West-Ukrainian population. Material and method. 100 subjects with essential arterial hypertension (EAH) and target-organ damaging (2nd stage), moderate, high, very high cardiovascular risk were involved in the case-control study. Among them, 70,84% females, 29,16% males, mean age 57,86±7,81 yo. The control group consisted of 60 healthy individuals. All recruited patients were examined for heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP); SCORE, BMI, waist and hip circumference (WC, HC); lipid panel, serum glucose and ionized calcium, 25(OH)D, parathormone levels were studied. Patients were divided into groups depending on total serum 25(OH)D concentration. Results. Low 25(OH)D concentration (<30 ng/ml) in patients with EAH was associated with arrhythmia, headache, sleep disturbance, weakness, fatigue, and increased total 10-year risk for fatal CVD SCORE>5,0%. We found higher SBP and DBP by 9,12% (р=0,014) and 5,17% (р=0,047), higher BMI in men and women – by 20-28,11% (р<0,05), as well as higher values of WC and HC by 8,69-11,92% (р<0,05) in hypertensive patients with hypovitaminosis D. In addition, obesity (BMI≥30,0 kg/m2), hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia was more frequent – by 43% (p<0,05), 43,13% (p<0,001) and 59,37% (p=0,023), respectively. The level of ionized Ca2+ was slightly higher in healthy individuals (p=0,047) with low vitamin D concentration. PTH was compensatory increased by 31,85% (p=0,048) in hypertensive patients with hypovitaminosis D.

Conclussions. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with more severe metabolic, hemodynamic disorders and clinical symptoms in hypertensive patients in the West-Ukrainian population.
Proteomics
Authors: Dolomatov S. , Kazakova V. , Zukow W.
Published: January 2022

Proteomics is a branch of molecular biology that deals with the identification and quantification of proteins in living objects, as well as the analysis of protein functions and their interactions.

Proteomics is studied by proteins that are expressed in a given cell, tissue or organism over a period of time (under certain conditions).

It is known that information about the primary structure of a protein (the sequence of amino acid residues in a protein) is contained in a structural gene in the form of a codon sequence (genetic code). On the other hand, less than 10% of genes are functionally active (expressed) in the somatic cells of our body. Moreover, a distinct tissue-specific expression of genes is observed. This, in turn, leads to the peculiarities of the qualitative composition of the synthesized proteins in various tissues. No less important is the fact that the total amount of proteins synthesized by our tissues is much greater than the total number of structural genes containing information about their original structure. This phenomenon is explained by the activity of such mechanisms as alternative splicing and a wide variety of post-translational peptide processing pathways (covalent modification of a polypeptide synthesized on the ribosome) in health and disease. Thus, even a brief review of the semantic content of the term "proteomics" indicates an extremely complex system of protein molecules in our body, which plays a fundamental role in maintaining homeostasis and is involved in the formation of adaptive responses in response to adverse changes in the internal and external environment.
The place of lymph dissection in the treatment of cancer and the choice of surgical tactics (review article)
Authors: Nikitenko R. , Vorotyntseva K.
Published: January 2022

Over the past years, due to increase of detection of patients with early-stage stomach cancer and colorectal cancer, and improvement of survival rate, the efforts have been made to gradually develop the concept of sentinel lymph nodes detection in order to improve postoperative quality of life. The article presents the review of the literature on the feasibility of sentinel lymph nodes intraoperative diagnosis the choice of surgical treatment of patients with tumors of the stomach and colon. Analytical work demonstrates that the real time intraoperative visualization of lymph sineses using fluorescent imaging of indocyanine green during laparoscopic surgery for stomach or colorectal cancer is possible and it is a useful method of the lymph nodes mapping, therefore it can lead to intraoperative changes at lymphadenectomy as well as to reduce the surgical injury. It indicates the need in further research and improvement of approach.
Znaczenie wsparcia dla funkcjonowania psychofizycznego osób opiekujących się bliskimi z chorobą Alzheimera
Authors: Gałuszka Aleksandra
Published: January 2022

Choroby neurodegeneracyjne to wrodzone bądź nabyte postępujące choroby układu nerwowego. Ich patologia wiąże się z utratą komórek nerwowych, zaś istota procesu chorobowego wiedzie do wystąpienia wielu objawów uszkodzeń neurologicznych, związanych z funkcją motoryczną (np. ataksja) oraz z pamięcią (demencja). Proces wiodący do pojawienia się objawów choroby neurodegeneracyjnej rozpoczyna się znacznie wcześniej, zanim się one pojawią. Przebiega często przez wiele lat i bywa bezobjawowy. Pierwsze symptomy pojawiają się gdy znacząca liczba neuronów ulegnie uszkodzeniu, bądź uszkodzenie dotyczy określonej części ośrodkowego układu nerwowego. Jedną z chorób neurodegradacyjnych jest choroba Alzheimera . Dotyczy głównie osób po 65. roku życia i dotyka 5-7% populacji. Czas jej trwania wynosi ok. 8-14 lat. Specyfiką choroby jest stopniowe i nieodwracalne zaburzenie homeostazy organizmu, zaburzenia procesów poznawczych i postępujący zanik pamięci, który prowadzi do zaburzeń orientacji wzrokowo-przestrzennej. Pojawiająca się apraksja skutkuje niemożnością posługiwania się przyborami codziennego użytku. W późnej fazie otępienie jest bardzo nasilone zaś pamięć często ograniczona jedynie do faktów autobiograficznych. Zaburzenia mowy są na tyle zaawansowane, że chory może wypowiadać pojedyncze słowa. Występują również zaburzenia emocjonalne, przejawiające się apatią lub agresywnością. Zaburzenia  obejmują również problemy z przeżuwaniem, przełykaniem i kontrolą zwieraczy.  Występowanie choroby w strukturze rodziny wywołuje liczne zmiany oraz wyrzeczenia ze strony jej członków.
Pediatric neurology and telehealth before and during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Golebiowska Beata , Golebiowska Maria
Published: January 2022

Telehealth has been known in medicine for over 70 years. Until the year 2020 it has been utilized in a limited setting to provide long-distance care for individuals residing in areas lacking health facilities. SARS-CoV-2 pandemic shifted the priorities of healthcare system towards COVID-19 infections, which resulted in the transition of non-emergency consultations to telemedicine in many countries. Since pediatric neurology requires frequent follow-up and multidisciplinary care, the purpose of our work is to determine the spectrum of use of telehealth in pediatric neurology before and during the pandemic. Secondly, we would like to discuss the differences of focus in tele-neurology for children patients between the pre-pandemic and during pandemic timeframes.Within 171 articles of PubMED database, 36 substantial articles on the introduction of telehealth to pediatric neurology were included in the review. 30.5% of the articles have included the implementation of telemedicine before the pandemic, 69.5% of the articles discussed improvements made after the pandemic started. The spectrum of disorders and interventions considered for telehealth included epilepsy, cerebral palsy, rare diseases, teleneuropsychology and teleneurorehabilitation. Among major differences between pre-pandemic and pandemic research, increase in international cooperation and discussion of not only medical, but also scientific and academic impact of the pandemic could be noted.Telehealth offers sustainable alternatives to many interventions which cannot be performed in-person during public health emergency such as SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Despite high satisfaction of caregivers and healthcare professionals from the virtual visits, solutions are still far from perfection and need improvements to provide more support for the patients with various disorders, cover the concerns of privacy and confidentiality, as well as support patients from low-income and lack of electronic techology backgrounds.
Psychological determinants of the use of complementary and alternative medicine – CAM
Authors: Księska-Koszałka Joanna
Published: January 2022

Wprowadzenie i cel pracy. Współcześnie obserwuje się rosnącą popularność medycyny komplementarnej i alternatywnej (complementary and alternative medicine – CAM). U podstaw zjawiska leży szereg uwarunkowań, które są przedmiotem zainteresowań nauk społecznych. Badania te napotykają na szereg metodologicznych trudności. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja psychologicznych uwarunkowań stosowania CAM w świetle literatury przedmiotu. Przedstawienie stanu wiedzy poprzedzono obszernym wstępem teoretycznym z uwagi na nikłość aktualnych polskich opracowań dotyczących omawianej tematyki w literaturze z zakresu psychologii zdrowia. Dokonano przeglądu prac badawczych z lat 1990-2021 w bazach danych dostępnych w zasobach Ebsco, tj. Medline, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL; w wyszukiwarce Google Scholar; spisach piśmiennictwa znalezionych artykułów oraz w zasobach własnych.

Skrócony opis stanu wiedzy. Istniejących badań dotyczących zjawiska jest relatywnie niewiele, wyniki dotychczasowych badań niejednokrotnie są sprzeczne. Najlepiej poznanymi determinantami stosowania CAM są czynniki środowiskowe i poznawcze dotyczące stylów poznawczych i przekonań. Duże znaczenie mają również czynniki związane z duchowością i religijnością. Najmniej wiadomo na temat czynników osobowościowych i emocjonalnych.

Podsumowanie. Tematyka psychologicznych uwarunkowań stosowania CAM wymaga dalszych  badań. Głębsze poznanie determinant zjawiska pozwoli na lepiej zrozumieć potrzeby i oczekiwania pacjentów, które stoją u podstaw postaw zdrowotnych.
Analysis of the terms of usage of non-removable restorations fixed by different glass ionomer cements
Authors: Yanishen I. , Sidorovа O. , Berezhna O. , Saliya L. , Bugaiev V.
Published: January 2022

Preservation and restoration of dental health of patients is achieved by early detection and treatment of diseases, finding ways of individual prevention, detection and elimination of risk factors for their development. The amount of materials significantly increased used to restore the integrity of teeth and dentition. Among them are dental materials for permanent fixation of indirect non-removable restorations. The material is used to fill the space between the inner surface of the artificial structure and the support element. This helps to mechanically fix the restoration in place to prevent its displacement during chewing. The correct choice of dental material for permanent fixation is an important decision and will determine the long-term success of permanent restorations. The aim of the study is to analyze the durability using non-removable structures of dentures mounted on different glass ionomer cements.
Local and nonlocal Purcell factor control of an emitter in graphene under the modulation of a static magnetic field
Authors: Ma Zenghong , Chen Zijian , Zhang Lian , Lu Xiaocui , Xu Jian , Xu Xin , Yang Guangwu
Published: January 2022

Spontaneous emission control of emitters holds great promise for applications in photonics and quantum optics. As a definition of the spontaneous emission lifetime of an atom or molecule, the Purcell factor of an emitter coupled with graphene controlled by a static magnetic field was studied. The results show that the Purcell factor can be effectively enhanced by applying an external magnetic field to graphene at low terahertz frequency. By analyzing the dispersion relations of graphene and the Purcell factor of an emitter nearby it, we find that the emitter-graphene interactions are most influenced by nonlocal effects at the low frequency, especially at a short emitter-graphene distance. The coupling between the emitter and the magnetic biased graphene becomes stronger under nonlocal effects, leading to a strong enhancement of the emission of the emitter. More specifically, the nonlocal Purcell factor can increase by orders of magnitude when the applied magnetic field is 10 T compared to the local model at a very short distance. The bias of the applied magnetic field extends a new path for the realization of Purcell factor modulation based on graphene-emitter interaction, and it may provide a promising application value for the design of the photo-magnetic-based quantum devices.
Dual-model hybrid pattern recognition method based on a fiber optic line-based sensor with a large amount of data
Authors: Cheng Jing , Song Qiuheng , Peng Hekuo , Huang Jingwei , Wu Hongyan , Jia Bo
Published: January 2022

A dual-model hybrid pattern recognition based on a fiber optic line-based sensor with a large amount of data is proposed. The vibration signals are converted to gray-level images to reduce the memory requirement. The ResNet18 model for classification is used. To reduce the false positive rate, the over-zero rate and short-time energy are extracted from the intrusion signal, and a support vector machine (SVM) is used. Finally, a discriminator is constructed to determine the types of events by combining the two models trained on the validation dataset. The results demonstrate the excellent average recognition accuracy of this method, which achieves the 97.1% for six events.
Polysilicon micro-heaters for resonance tuning in CMOS photonics
Authors: Krishna Rakesh M. , Eftekhar Ali , Lee Sanghoon , Fan Tianren , Wu Xi , Hosseinnia Amir , Wang Hua , Swaminathan Madhavan , Adibi Ali
Published: January 2022

A new, to the best of our knowledge, device platform for tuning the resonance wavelength of integrated photonic resonators based on polysilicon-based micro-heaters for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-foundry-based active Si photonics is demonstrated. The miniaturized micro-heater can be placed directly on the active Si layer, with a pedestal providing the optical and electrical isolation needed for the implementation of ultrafast active photonic devices such as modulators. The demonstrated devices do not require any additional modifications to the standard CMOS foundry processes. Experiments demonstrate a tuning efficiency of 0.25 nm/mW (or 42 GHz/mW) for a 5-µm-radius microdisk resonator with a loaded quality factor (Q) > 35,000. This polysilicon-based heater demonstrates a tunability of 42 GHz/mW with an average switching time of 60 µs. The proposed compact heater architecture enables it to be kept near to the optical mode, thereby providing efficient and high-speed wavelength tuning for resonant devices.
Topological constant-intensity waves
Authors: Ossi Nicholas , Chandramouli Sathyanarayanan , Musslimani Ziad H. , Makris Konstantinos G.
Published: January 2022

Topological constant-intensity (TCI) waves are introduced in the context of non-Hermitian photonics. Unlike other known examples of topological defects, the proposed TCI waves exhibit a counterintuitive behavior because a phase difference occurs across space without any accompanying intensity variations. Such solutions exist only on non-Hermitian systems, because the associated nonzero phase difference is directly related to the real and imaginary parts of the potential. The free space diffraction and the existence of such waves in two spatial dimensions are also discussed in detail.
Turbostratic stacked graphene-based high-responsivity mid-wavelength infrared detector using an enhanced photogating effect
Authors: Shimatani Masaaki , Ikuta Takashi , Sakamoto Yuri , Fukushima Shoichiro , Ogawa Shinpei , Maehashi Kenzo
Published: January 2022

We employ turbostratic stacked chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene for a mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) photodetector using the photogating effect. Turbostratic stacked CVD graphene was fabricated by multiple transfer processes. Graphene field effect transistor-based MWIR photodetectors were developed using an InSb substrate. The effect of the three layers of turbostratic stacked graphene enhanced both the field-effect mobility and MWIR response by approximately three times, compared to that of a conventional single-layer graphene photodetector in vacuum at 77 K. Our results may contribute to the realization of low-cost, mass-producible, high-responsivity graphene-based infrared sensors.
The First Time the Laser Was Classified
Authors: Hecht Jeff
Published: January 2022

An argument between Bell Labs and ARPA in 1959 led to
classification of a million-dollar ARPA project to make the first
laser—and delayed the laser efforts of both parties.
Optical trapping of nanoparticles in superfluid helium
Authors: Minowa Yosuke , Geng Xi , Kokado Keisuke , Sato Kentaro , Kameyama Tatsuya , Torimoto Tsukasa , Ashida Masaaki
Published: January 2022

Although nanoparticles have been used to study the properties of superfluid helium as fluid tracers, the interaction between nanoparticles and superfluid helium has remained largely unexplored. This is due to the lack of a technique to precisely trap and manipulate nanoparticles in superfluid helium. Optical tweezers, the three-dimensional confinement of a nanoparticle by a strongly focused beam of light, have been widely employed in investigating biomaterial nanomechanics, nanoscopic fluid properties, and ultrasensitive detection in various environments such as inside living cells, at gigapascal pressure, and under high vacuum. However, the cryogenic operation of solid-state-particle optical tweezers is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate the optical trapping of metallic and dielectric nanoparticles in superfluid helium below 2 K, which is two orders of magnitude lower than in previous experiments. We prepare the nanoparticles via in situ laser ablation. The nanoparticles are stably trapped with a single laser beam tightly focused in the superfluid helium. Our method provides a new approach for studying nanoscopic quantum hydrodynamic effects and interactions between quantum fluids and classical nanoobjects.
Encountering a divine dance of solidarity at the Zalongo Monument
Authors: Muse Amy
Published: January 2022

In this article, a combination of travelogue, personal narrative, archival research and cultural analysis, I contemplate the Monument to the Heroines of Zalongo, a sculpture by George Zongolopoulos that stands in the western Greek region of Epirus. It commemorates the Dance of Zalongo, a mass suicide, or heroic sacrifice, of women and children in 1803. The legend of the dance and the monument inspired by it evoke contradictory perspectives on the national identity of Greece and of Greeks that stretch back to the founding of the modern nation: the externally directed view of the philhellenes, and the introverted perspective of the Romii. Seen as an international, philhellenic cause, a mass suicide, the Souliote women’s leap signified helpless women and children, and a nation, in need of rescuing. Seen as a national, Greek narrative, a patriotic sacrifice, the Souliote women’s leap showed female warriors filled with pride and self-determination. The Dance of Zalongo has had many lives: as a nineteenth-century media event that sparked an outpouring of literature and art, a twentieth-century lifeline to the old country for Greeks in the diaspora and a twenty-first-century cultural meme bolstering resistance to economic austerity. The Zalongo Monument, a site for pilgrimage where Greek cultural memory is infused in stone and resonant in the air, recreates the presence of the dance, letting us feel what it means to be free. Visiting the monument as a philhellenic foreigner, I ponder its power as a tribute to solidarity among those everywhere who are pushed to the precipice.
The Greek War of Independence in Turkish historiography
Authors: Özkan Dilek
Published: January 2022

How was the Greek War of Independence or the Greek Revolution narrated in Turkish historical texts? How did the Turkish historians’ approach to the establishment of the Greek State affect Greek–Turkish relations? On the occasion of the bicentenary of the Greek War of Independence, this article reviews the approaches of the Ottoman/Turkish historians to the Greeks, to the establishment of the Greek State and to outbreak the Greek Revolution, and demonstrates to what extent their perceptions have changed from the Ottoman period to the present day. Offering an analysis based on three historical periods (Ottoman rule to the 1920s, the 1930s to the1980s and from the 1990s to the present), the discussion highlights the prevalent approach of Turkish nationalist historiography in the 1970s and 1980s, and the influence on younger generations’ approaches to the Greek War of Independence. This article also tackles the issue of how this prevalent historiographical approach affected the Turkish–Greek relations, and conversely, how the trajectory of Turkish–Greek relations impacted the consolidation of such a narrative.
Athens ’21: Undoing the demos in the year of the pandemic
Authors: Plantzos Dimitris
Published: January 2022

This article is presented in the form of an illustrated memoire from the Greek bicentenary day (25 March 2021) and the way it was celebrated in Athens. As the Greek capital was under strict lockdown at the time, in view of the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the festivities were cancelled, with the exception of a military parade carried out through empty streets. The city’s desolate landscape on that most symbolic day helps rethink Greek biopolitics in the days of post-democracy.
Means and beginnings: Voicing revolution in Solomos’s early work
Authors: Zenios Simos
Published: January 2022

In this article I read the figurations of poetic voice in Solomos’s early lyric ‘Spiligga’ as a testing site for the conceptualization of the Greek Revolution as a modern political event. Perusing its thematic, intertextual and formal strategies, I argue that two distinct poetic voices are operative in the poem. The first model is commensurate with the voice of nature. The second is a medium of reflective and expressive human speech able to herald the revolution. In order to ascertain the political significance of this juxtaposition, I procure insights from seminal studies in intellectual history that outline the transformations of the term ‘revolution’ at the turn of the eighteenth century (Arendt, Koselleck). The period’s new understanding of the term as an absolute and inaugurating break from an existing state of affairs (which supplanted the previous meaning of revolution as quasi-natural experience that precludes innovation) illuminates the juxtaposition by Solomos of the two models of voice: they represent the revolutionary fissure as an exit from the state of nature and as the innovation of a new order. This reading not only elucidates the encounter of modern revolution and poetry in ‘Spiligga’ but also establishes the latter as a necessary starting point for the examination of this encounter in Solomos’s later works.
Pengaruh Pola Asuh terhadap Perilaku Makan Anak Usia 4-6 Tahun
Authors: Nida Noor Maziyati , Hartanto Fitri
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang. Perilaku makan yang terbentuk saat dewasa diawali oleh perilaku makan di usia anak-anak. Faktor lingkungan terdekat yang berpengaruh pada perilaku makan adalah keluarga diantaranya pola asuh orangtua. Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan terdapat hubungan pola makan remaja dengan pola asuh orangtua.Tujuan. Menganalisis hubungan pola asuh terhadap perilaku makan anak usia 4-6 tahun.Metode. Penelitian dengan desain cross-sectional, dilaksanakan di beberapa TK di Semarang dengan subyek orangtua dan anak usia 4-6 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pemilihan subyek dilakukan dengan teknik consecutive sampling dengan besar sampel sebanyak 153 subyek. Data perilaku makan diperoleh melalui Children Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ), sedangkan data pola asuh melalui kuesioner pola asuh. Analisis data menggunakan uji koefisien kontingensi.Hasil. Sebanyak 125 (82,4%) anak mendapatkan pola asuh demokratis, 18 (11,1%) pola asuh otoriter dan 10 (6,5%) permisif, 72,5% di antaranya adalah penyuka makanan dan 27,5% penghindar makanan. Terdapat korelasi sangat lemah pola asuh demokratis terhadap terhadap perilaku makan (r=0,197;p=0,013). Terdapat korelasi sangat lemah pola asuh permisif terhadap terhadap perilaku makan (r=0,189;p=0,017).Tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna antara pola asuh otoriter terhadap perilaku makan.Kesimpulan. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi dengan menunjukkan adanya pengaruh pola asuh demokratis dan permisif terhadap perilaku anak, tetapi tidak ada korelasi pada pola asuh otoriter.
Korelasi antara Nilai Red Cell Distribution Width dengan Fungsi Ventrikel Kiri pada Anak dengan Gagal Jantung Akibat Penyakit Jantung Rematik
Authors: Pusparani Carla , Rahayuningsih Sri Endah , Gurnida Dida Akhmad
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang. Proses inflamasi berkaitan dengan kondisi anisositosis dan gagal jantung yang terjadi secara paralel sehingga menjadikan red cell distribution width (RDW) sebagai penanda yang handal untuk disfungsi jantung. Di negara berkembang, gagal jantung pada anak paling banyak diakibatkan oleh penyakit jantung rematik (PJR). Penelitian mengenai korelasi antara nilai RDW dan fungsi ventrikel kiri yang dinilai dengan ekokardiografi pada anak dengan gagal jantung akibat PJR belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya.Tujuan. Mengetahui korelasi antara nilai RDW dengan fungsi ventrikel kiri pada anak dengan gagal jantung akibat PJR.Metode. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang pada pasien gagal jantung akibat PJR yang berusia <18 tahun di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Hasan Sadikin periode September 2020–Februari 2021. Anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis, laboratorium, dan ekokardiografi dilakukan pada semua subjek. Penilaian fungsi ventrikel kiri berdasarkan pengukuran fraksi ejeksi (EF), pemendekan fraksi (FS), gelombang E, A, dan rasio E/A. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman.Hasil. Kami melakukan analisis pada 34 subjek. Kelompok usia terbanyak 11–15 tahun (64,7%). Derajat keparahan gagal jantung terbanyak adalah NYHA kelas II (41,1%). Rata-rata hasil EF, FS, gelombang E, gelombang A, dan rasio E/A subjek penelitian adalah 68,2%; 38,64%; 1,34 cm/detik, 0,85 cm/detik, dan 1,72. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada gelombang A dan E antara RDW normal dan tinggi (p<0,05). Terdapat korelasi signifikan antara nilai RDW dengan gelombang E pada anak dengan gagal jantung akibat PJR (r 0,471; p=0,005).Kesimpulan. Peningkatan nilai RDW berkorelasi sedang dengan fungsi ventrikel kiri pada anak dengan gagal jantung akibat PJR.
Prevalensi Tanda dan Gejala serta Keterlibatan Tim Multidispliner dalam Perawatan Paliatif Pasien Leukemia Anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito
Authors: Rahmatina Samalalita , Mulatsih Sri , Arguni Eggi , Sudadi Sudadi
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang. Perawatan paliatif pada anak masih jarang diteliti terutama di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Salah satu kategori pasien yang memerlukan perawatan paliatif adalah anak dengan kanker. Leukemia merupakan kanker dengan prevalensi terbesar pada anak.Tujuan. Mengetahui karakteristik, prevalensi tanda dan gejala, serta keterlibatan tim multidispliner dalam perawatan paliatif pasien leukemia anak di RSUP Dr. Sardjito.Metode. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medis pasien berusia kurang dari 18 tahun yang didiagnosis leukemia pada tahun 2015 di RSUP Dr. Sardjito.Hasil. Empat puluh enam pasien anak dengan leukemia dianalisis. Sebanyak 34 pasien merupakan pasien leukemia limfoblastik akut (LLA) dan 12 sisanya merupakan pasien leukemia mieloblastik akut (LMA), 20 pasien berusia berusia 1-4 tahun, dan 26 pasien berjenis kelamin perempuan. Sepuluh pasien meninggal, 18 pasien sembuh atau telah selesai menjalani terapi, dan 18 pasien lainnya tanpa keterangan sehingga disimpulkan masih menjalani terapi. Tanda dan gejala dengan prevalensi tertinggi adalah demam (40 pasien), nyeri (38 pasien), mual (32 pasien), dan muntah (27 pasien). Fase induksi memiliki prevalensi tanda dan gejala tertinggi dibanding fase lainnya. Tiga kelompok tenaga kesehatan yang selalu terlibat dalam perawatan paliatif adalah residen anak/dokter spesialis anak/konsultan onkologi anak, perawat, dan dokter spesialis anestesi.Kesimpulan. Fase induksi memiliki prevalensi tanda dan gejala tertinggi dibanding fase lain sehingga memerlukan perawatan paliatif suportif lebih banyak.
Terapi Antikoagulan pada Anak
Authors: Chozie Novie Amelia , Sarita Raisa Cecilia
Published: January 2022

Seiring berkembangnya pengobatan dan teknologi di rumah sakit seperti pemasangan akses vaskular, serta kondisi penyakit pada anak, maka faktor risiko kejadian trombosis pada anak juga semakin meningkat. Kejadian trombosis ini perlu penanganan berupa terapi antikoagulan yang bertujuan untuk menurunkan risiko emboli, mencegah komplikasi, dan profilaksis bagi individu yang berisiko. Penggunaan antikoagulan pada anak di praktik klinis sehari-hari sebagian besar menggunakan data ekstrapolasi dari hasil studi pada orang dewasa. Terbatasnya data yang ada saat ini dan sistem hemostasis anak yang berbeda dengan dewasa menyebabkan penggunaan antikoagulan pada anak menjadi tantangan khusus. Beberapa pilihan terapi antikoagulan masing-masing memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangannya baik dari sisi pengaturan dosis, frekuensi pemberian, pemantauan, efikasi dan efek samping. Tinjauan pustaka ini akan membahas penggunaan antikoagulan pada anak khususnya heparin (unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin), warfarin, dan perkembangan studi antikoagulan oral baru, serta pada populasi khusus yaitu anak dengan keganasan, sindrom lupus eritematosus, dan infeksi virus SARS-COV-2.
Hubungan Asap Rokok terhadap Derajat Keparahan Pneumonia Anak Usia di Bawah 5 Tahun
Authors: Stefani Maria , Setiawan Andy
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang. Pneumonia merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada anak usia di bawah 5 tahun di dunia. Di Indonesia, prevalensi pneumonia pada anak di bawah usia 5 tahun mencapai 18,5 per mil. Paparan asap rokok merupakan salah satu faktor risiko pneumonia. Tujuan. Membuktikan hubungan paparan asap rokok terhadap pneumonia berat pada anak usia di bawah 5 tahun.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus kontrol di Rumah Sakit Atma Jaya. Kelompok kasus didefinisikan sebagai anak usia di bawah 5 tahun dengan pneumonia berat, sedangkan kontrol merupakan anak dengan pneumonia sesuai klasifikasi WHO. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap orangtua responden untuk mendapatkan data paparan asap rokok. Analisis data menggunakan metode chi-square dan regresi logistik dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,05.Hasil. Penelitian ini melibatkan 67 responden, terdiri dari 34 kasus dan 33 kontrol. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara paparan asap rokok dengan pneumonia berat. Keberadaan perokok (p=0,000), jumlah perokok di rumah (p=0,000), perilaku orangtua merokok di dalam rumah (p=0,001) dan kepadatan rumah (p=0,012) merupakan faktor risiko yang signifikan terhadap kejadian pneumonia berat pada anak usia di bawah 5 tahun.Kesimpulan. Paparan asap rokok dan kepadatan rumah merupakan faktor risiko pneumonia berat untuk anak usia di bawah 5 tahun.
Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi terjadinya Komplikasi pada Anak dengan Infeksi Dengue di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda
Authors: Pratiwi Regita , Yuniati Yuniati , Buchori Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang. Infeksi dengue memiliki tiga fase. Fase kritis yang tidak dapat dilewati dengan baik dapat menyebabkan perburukan keadaan dan komplikasi. Pemeriksaan fisik dan laboratorium merupakan pemeriksaan rutin. Status gizi, nilai trombosit dan hematokrit dapat membantu prediksi perburukan keadaan berupa komplikasi pada pasien anak dengan infeksi dengue.Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi, nilai trombosit dan kadar hematokrit dengan kejadian komplikasi pada anak dengan infeksi dengue. Metode. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Data diambil dari rekam medik di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dari bulan Februari-Maret 2020. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Fisher exact dan Kruskal Wallis test, kemaknaan ditentukan berdasarkan nilai p<0,05.Hasil. Didapatkan sebanyak 110 sampel, dengan rincian 36 sampel mengalami komplikasi dan 74 sampel tidak mengalami komplikasi. Nilai signifikansi yang didapatkan dari analisis data adalah status gizi p=0,036 (p<0,05, OR 2,39), nilai trombosit p=0,001 (p<0,05, OR 6,09), dan kadar hematokrit p=0,010 (p<0,05 OR 2,48).Kesimpulan. Status gizi, nilai trombosit dan kadar hematokrit berhubungan dengan terjadinya komplikasi pada anak dengan infeksi dengue.
Perkembangan Otak dan Kognitif Anak: Peran Penting Sistem Imun pada Usia Dini
Authors: Suryawan Ahmad , Endaryanto Anang
Published: January 2022

Perkembangan kognitif anak merupakan cerminan dari kompleksitas kerja sirkuit otak yang terbentuk sejak usia dini dan harus melewati periode kriitis pada tahun-tahun pertama awal kehidupan anak. Semakin kompleks sirkuit otak yang terbentuk, maka semakin besar kapasitas anak untuk belajar mengembangkan kemampuan kognitif. Saat ini berbagai studi mengkaitkan antara perkembangan otak dengan perkembangan sistem imun anak pada usia dini. Sistem imun selama ini lebih dikenal peranannya dalam sistem pertahanan tubuh untuk melawan organisme patogen, ternyata terbukti juga mempunyai peran khusus dalam proses perkembangan otak, baik dalam kondisi yang normal atau sehat, maupun pada kondisi patologis. Proses perkembangan otak dan sistem imun melibatkan berbagai sel dan molekul-molekul mediator yang sama, seperti protein dan sitokin. Keterkaitan perkembangan otak dan sistem imun terjadi secara dua arah dengan konsep mekanisme yang terprogram sejak usia dini, dimana aktivasi di usia dini akan berdampak jangka panjang terhadap kedua sistem tersebut. Berbagai studi saat ini juga membuktikan bahwa mikrobiota saluran cerna juga berperan khusus dalam sistem imun dan perkembangan otak. Memahami aktivasi sistem imun selama periode kritis perkembangan otak anak merupakan langkah yang strategis untuk dapat mengungkap patogenesis berbagai gangguan perkembangan, perilaku, dan kognitif pada anak dan juga terhadap berbagai cara dan metode terapi di masa depan.
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR PRODUCING (-)-17-ALLYL-4,5Ά-EPOXY-3,14-DIHYDROXYMORPHINAN-6-ONE
Authors: Kalashnikov Aleksandr Ivanovich , Kulagina Dar'ya Aleksandrovna , Malykhin Valeriy Viktorovich , Sysolyatin Sergey Viktorovich
Published: January 2022

Naloxone ((-)-17-allyl-4,5ά-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one) is a pure opiate antagonist of a competitive type devoid of morphine-like activity and is widely used in clinical practice. The main raw material for the production of naloxone is thebaine, which is extracted from plant materials.

This study presents a seven-step process for preparing naloxone with a yield of 35% (based on thebaine). Previously known methods of obtaining are characterized by the yield of the target product in terms of thebaine not higher than 20%. The greatest losses are recorded at the stage of obtaining oxycodone from thebaine and at the stage of O-demethylation of codeine. The use of formic acid in the hydrogenation process provides a more complete conversion of the intermediate product, and the use of boron tribromide in the environment of chloroalkanes at the stage of O-demethylation leads to the production of naloxone with a yield of more than 70%.

A detailed study of the stages of obtaining oxycodone and noroxycodone allows to reduce the consumption of reagents and the time spent in the reactor, which is essential for reducing the cost of the final product.

The proposed method is superior to those known in terms of productivity and economic efficiency and can be used for the development of industrial technology for the production of naloxone and its derivatives.
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYTIC FRACTIONATION OF BIRCH-WOOD BIOMASS INTO MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE, XYLOSE AND ENTEROSORBENTS
Authors: Kuznetsov Boris Nikolayevich , Garyntseva Natal'ya Viktorovna , Sudakova Irina Gennad'yevna , Skripnikov Andrey Mikhaylovich , Pestunov Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: January 2022

For the first time, it was proposed to fractionate the main components of birch wood into microcrystalline cellulose, xylose and enterosorbents by integrating heterogeneous catalytic processes of acid hydrolysis and peroxide delignification of wood biomass. The hydrolysis of wood hemicelluloses into xylose is carried out at a temperature of 150 °C in the presence of a solid acid catalyst Amberlyst® 15. Then the lignocellulosic product undergoes peroxide delignification in a "formic acid – water" medium in the presence of a solid TiO2 catalyst to obtain microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and soluble lignin. Under the determined optimal conditions (100 °С, Н2О2 – 7.2 wt.%, НСООН – 37.8 wt.%, LWR 15, time 4 h), the yield of MCC reaches 64.5 wt.% and of organosolvent lignin 11.5 wt% from the weight of prehydrolyzed wood. By the treatment of organosolvent lignin with a solution of 0.4% NaHCO3 or hot water the enterosorbents were obtained, whose sorption capacity for methylene blue (97.7 mg/g) and gelatin (236.7 mg/g) is significantly higher than that of the commercial enterosorbent Polyphepan (44 mg/g and 115 mg/g, respectively). The products of catalytic fractionation of birch wood are characterized by physicochemical (FTIR, XRD, SEM, GC) and chemical methods.
CHANGES IN THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WOOD PECEA OBOVATA LEDEB. UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF IPS TYPOGRAPHUS L.
Authors: Vedernikov Konstantin Yevgen'yevich
Published: January 2022

The process of forest destruction is very dynamic and covers the entire boreal zone of the Northern hemisphere. Against the background of deterioration of the sanitary condition of plantings, pathogenic organisms become more active. The article presents materials on the study of the chemical composition of wood of individuals of various life conditions of Siberian spruce (Pícea obovata Ledeb.) in the conditions of distribution of bark beetle (Ips typographus L.). Plants of various life States were studied for the content of water-soluble and resin-like extractives, tannins, lignin, and polysaccharides. The obtained data were subjected to statistical processing. Under the influence of the bark beetle-typographer, no significant differences were found between individuals of different life States in the polymer structural components of spruce wood (lignin and polysaccharides). In the course of the study, it was noted that during the colonization of bark beetles in plants, the content of extractive substances increases. With deterioration, the proportion of phenolic compounds begins to increase from 25.8% in plants of good condition to 37.5% in plants of unsatisfactory condition, with a decrease in the proportion of resinous substances. An increase in phenolic compounds is associated with an increase in tannins. The highest content of all groups of metabolites (including tannins) was observed in individuals of a satisfactory life state and is 7.15% of the a.s.s.
QUALITATIVE CONTENT AND SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM ONOPORDUM ACANTHIUM L. HERB
Authors: Garsiya Ekaterina Robertovna , Myikots Liliya Petrovna , Ligay Liliya Veniaminovna , Shamilov Arnol'd Alekseyevich , Konovalov Dmitriy Alekseyevich
Published: January 2022

Natural polymers are interesting as independent pharmaceutical substances also as complex drugs including herbal drugs. The aim of this work was determination of the main features of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPS) and pectinic substances (PS) isolated from Onopordum acanthium L. herb for using as pharmaceutical substances. The following tasks were set to achieve this aim: determination of qualitative content of monosaccharides after previous acidic hydrolysis of fractions by paper chromatography, determination of molecular weight, isoelectric point, distribution coefficient, superficial activity these fractions by physical and chemical methods. It was found that WSPS consist of xylose and rhamnose, PS – galacturonic acid. WSPS have molecular weighs 783.96 g/mol, PS – 17351.37 g/mol. Molecules WSPS are neutralize in buffer solution with pH 5.2 and PS – pH 4.7. Also WSPS and PS have similar distribution activity with distribution coefficient 2.97 and 2.59, respectively. But WSPS and PS are superficially inactive substances. Determinate features including well distribution activity may be used for development complex herbal drugs containing herb of Onopordum acanthium L. Also sorption activity should be detected in the future.
USING OF BIOMASS AND WASTES OF BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS) AND PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM) PRO-CESSING AS SORPTION MATERIAL FROM POLLUTANTS REMOVING FROM WATER ENVIRONMENTS (LIT-ERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Shaykhiyeva Karina Il'darovna , Fridland Sergey Vladimirovich , Sverguzova Svetlana Vasil'yevna
Published: January 2022

Was reported literature findings of domestic and foreign articles about using of biomass components (leaves, straw, pods, seeds) and wastes of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and peas (Pisum sativum) pods shells processing as sorption material for pollutants (metals ions, colorants) removing from water environments. Concise literature findings about Pisum sativum and Phaseolus vulgaris plant structure, cultivation value, and chemical composition of some biomass components are described. Was revealed that composition of beans and peas pods has big amount of proteins, that can provide removing of metals ions such as (Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III) и Cr(VI), Cu(II), Fe(III), Mo(VI), Ni(II), Pb(II), Sb(III) и Sb(V), Zn(II)) from water environments. Was showed  the possibility of sorption characteristics increase for pollutants by Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum biomass treatment with different chemical reagents. Was revealed that pollutants sorption isotherms of wastes and biomass of considered legumes are described mostly by Langmuir model than by Freundlich model. The kinetic of process mostly match to pseudo-second order model. It is shown that using of seeds and pods shells of legumes is prospectively for removing of heavy metals ions and suspended particles from water. Was proposed to use charcoal, which was gotten by peas pods carbonization for removing of heavy metals ions from water environments. Concluded, that using of legumes pods extracts is more effective for clearing water environments from heavy metals ions.