bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The nomadic subject as a cinematographic hero by Alain Resnais
Authors: Seleznev Evgenii Kirillovich
Published: June 2023

The author of the work raises the issue of the phenomenon of nomadism in the context of the work of the French director Alain Resnais. The object of the research is the early works of the director, such films as "Last year in Marienbad", "Hiroshima, my love", "I love you, I love". The purpose of the work is to answer the question of how nomadic strategies allow the author to create non-linear narrative structures, oscillating characters and flickering characters in his films, and how understanding these strategies can help viewers and researchers in the act of deciphering works. The author also analyzes a number of phenomena related to nomadism, such as the rhizome, the body without organs, deterritorialization, escape, flicker. The novelty of the research lies in the application of nomadic strategies to the cinema of Alain Resnais. This approach makes it possible to use the current philosophical and art history prism to study narrative structures, intraframe space and characters. The author argues that Rene's cinematography can be viewed through a position of resistance to forms of power - suppression and control - which manifests itself in the violation of traditional forms of narration and the creation of split characters. To study the mentioned aspects of Rene's work, the author resorts to the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. The author also explains the position of the modern viewer and describes the strategies of looking, which can lead to a state of pleasure from interacting with nomadic works.
The paradox of tolerance in Western academia
Authors: Zenov Egor
Published: June 2023

The subject of the research is the modern educational environment of Western countries. The object of the study is the system of tolerance and the mechanisms of its functioning in the educational environment of Western countries. The author examines in detail the system of tolerance and the mechanisms of its functioning on the example of Western educational institutions. Since in the modern educational environment of the Euro-Atlantic states tolerance is perceived differently than in Russia, special attention is paid to the philosophical understanding of the current state of the phenomenon and its reflection by the Western scientific community. The author uses works of both philosophical and social, pedagogical orientation in order to reveal the main features through their prism. In the course of the study, it was found that the mechanisms of tolerance in the Western educational environment contradict the idea of tolerance for the Other. It was concluded that the boundaries of tolerance in Euro-Atlantic educational institutions are blurred: they are not clear either to the teaching staff or to the students themselves. The author traces the Nietzschean idea of ressentiment in the actions of minorities, constantly opposed to the majority, regardless of what rights and opportunities this majority gives them. The study also made it possible to identify the paradox of tolerance in the Western educational environment: although the struggle for the rights of the oppressed is officially proclaimed, the oppressed themselves avoid discussions on the topic of equal opportunities within the framework of the educational process, because the Western structure of tolerance allows them to avoid discussing pressing issues, while maintaining and even building on the benefits of a tolerant education system. In addition, the author found that Western society usually does not perceive tolerance as part of an individual's worldview, which leads to the fact that in the education of Western countries it becomes a socio-political tool.
La parola agli studenti! Un’esperienza di Focus Group a scuola sul tema della lettura nell’ambito della politica educativa «Leggere: Forte! Ad alta voce fa crescere l’intelligenza»
Authors: De Carlo Maria , Castellani Aurora , Corrieri Lia , Mattiacci Giulia , Batini Federico
Published: June 2023

The Floor To The Students! A Focus Group Experience At Schoool On The Subject Of Reading As Part Of The Educational Policy «Leggere: Forte! Ad Alta Voce Fa Crescere L’Intelligenza»  This descriptive survey, conducted as part of «Leggere: Forte! Ad alta voce fa crescere l’intelligenza» an educational policy promoted by Region of Tuscany to introduce intensive and systematic reading aloud by teachers in schools of all levels, aims to explore how exposure to reading aloud influences students’ perceptions toward reading itself. 16 Focus Groups were conducted in Primary and Secondary Schools both with adhering (LF) and not-adhering (NLF) classes to the «Leggere: Forte!» policy. Data analysis included a triangular categorization of the transcribed corpus among three independent researchers and an in-epth investigation of emotional-affective evidence, using Mood Meter (Brackett, Caruso, & Stern, 2006; Nathanson et al., 2016) as a reference model. The study showed differences in category occurrences between LF and NLF groups. Emotional mapping analysis, in particular, found a significantly larger expressed emotional repertoire in LF classes. The evidence suggests that exposure to narrative training promotes the acquisition of greater emotional competence, a relevant variable for academic success.
Identità e lingua di madri moldave emigrate in Italia
Authors: Nutricato Mariacristina , Ferraresi Paola , Fantasia Valentina , Bello Arianna
Published: June 2023

Identity And Language Of Moldovan Mothers Emigrated To Italy. The present study investigates family-related language practices of Moldovan mothers emigrated to Italy, through a semi-structured interview. To date, few studies have  considered linguistic choices in relation to educational practices and identity aspects in this population. Ten Moldovan woman have been interviewed. Results from a thematic analysis on the collected interviews has highlighted a complex relationship between identity, language and education: the use of the mother tongue or the «new» language appeared intertwined with the historical and political events of the country of origin, with consequences on the different use of languages in domestic contexts, through specific choices or «code-mixing»; or in extended family contexts. With their children, the language of origin is predominant, although the practices adopted to promote it are often mediated by TV. Overall, the findings confirm the interdependent nature of the cultural, social and identity aspects that influence language practices in migrant families from Moldova; at the same time, the selective use of these practices within different contexts and relationships has consequences for their children’s educational experiences.
Flexible specificity of memory in Drosophila depends on a comparison between choices
Authors: Modi Mehrab N , Rajagopalan Adithya E , Rouault Hervé , Aso Yoshinori , Turner Glenn C
Published: June 2023

Memory guides behavior across widely varying environments and must therefore be both sufficiently specific and general. A memory too specific will be useless in even a slightly different environment, while an overly general memory may lead to suboptimal choices. Animals successfully learn to both distinguish between very similar stimuli and generalize across cues. Rather than forming memories that strike a balance between specificity and generality, Drosophila can flexibly categorize a given stimulus into different groups depending on the options available. We asked how this flexibility manifests itself in the well-characterized learning and memory pathways of the fruit fly. We show that flexible categorization in neuronal activity as well as behavior depends on the order and identity of the perceived stimuli. Our results identify the neural correlates of flexible stimulus-categorization in the fruit fly.
Prolonged T-cell activation and long COVID symptoms independently associate with severe COVID-19 at 3 months
Authors: Santopaolo Marianna , Gregorova Michaela , Hamilton Fergus , Arnold David , Long Anna , Lacey Aurora , Oliver Elizabeth , Halliday Alice , Baum Holly , Hamilton Kristy , Milligan Rachel , Pearce Olivia , Knezevic Lea , Morales Aza Begonia , Milne Alice , Milodowski Emily , Jones Eben , Lazarus Rajeka , Goenka Anu , Finn Adam , Maskell Nicholas , Davidson Andrew D , Gillespie Kathleen , Wooldridge Linda , Rivino Laura
Published: June 2023

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) causes immune perturbations which may persist long term, and patients frequently report ongoing symptoms for months after recovery. We assessed immune activation at 3–12 months post hospital admission in 187 samples from 63 patients with mild, moderate, or severe disease and investigated whether it associates with long COVID. At 3 months, patients with severe disease displayed persistent activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, based on expression of HLA-DR, CD38, Ki67, and granzyme B, and elevated plasma levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-7, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) compared to mild and/or moderate patients. Plasma from severe patients at 3 months caused T-cells from healthy donors to upregulate IL-15Rα, suggesting that plasma factors in severe patients may increase T-cell responsiveness to IL-15-driven bystander activation. Patients with severe disease reported a higher number of long COVID symptoms which did not however correlate with cellular immune activation/pro-inflammatory cytokines after adjusting for age, sex, and disease severity. Our data suggests that long COVID and persistent immune activation may correlate independently with severe disease.
Pathologic polyglutamine aggregation begins with a self-poisoning polymer crystal
Authors: Kandola Tej , Venkatesan Shriram , Zhang Jiahui , Lerbakken Brooklyn T , Von Schulze Alex , Blanck Jillian F , Wu Jianzheng , Unruh Jay R , Berry Paula , Lange Jeffrey J , Box Andrew C , Cook Malcolm , Sagui Celeste , Halfmann Randal
Published: June 2023

A long-standing goal of amyloid research has been to characterize the structural basis of the rate-determining nucleating event. However, the ephemeral nature of nucleation has made this goal unachievable with existing biochemistry, structural biology, and computational approaches. Here, we addressed that limitation for polyglutamine (polyQ), a polypeptide sequence that causes Huntington’s and other amyloid-associated neurodegenerative diseases when its length exceeds a characteristic threshold. To identify essential features of the polyQ amyloid nucleus, we used a direct intracellular reporter of self-association to quantify frequencies of amyloid appearance as a function of concentration, conformational templates, and rational polyQ sequence permutations. We found that nucleation of pathologically expanded polyQ involves segments of three glutamine (Q) residues at every other position. We demonstrate using molecular simulations that this pattern encodes a four-stranded steric zipper with interdigitated Q side chains. Once formed, the zipper poisoned its own growth by engaging naive polypeptides on orthogonal faces, in a fashion characteristic of polymer crystals with intramolecular nuclei. We further show that self-poisoning can be exploited to block amyloid formation, by genetically oligomerizing polyQ prior to nucleation. By uncovering the physical nature of the rate-limiting event for polyQ aggregation in cells, our findings elucidate the molecular etiology of polyQ diseases.
A Pvr–AP-1–Mmp1 signaling pathway is activated in astrocytes upon traumatic brain injury
Authors: Li Tingting , Shi Wenwen , Ho Margaret S , Zhang Yong Q
Published: June 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by external mechanical forces is a major health burden worldwide, but the underlying mechanism in glia remains largely unclear. We report herein that Drosophila adults exhibit a defective blood–brain barrier, elevated innate immune responses, and astrocyte swelling upon consecutive strikes with a high-impact trauma device. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of these astrocytes revealed upregulated expression of genes encoding PDGF and VEGF receptor-related (Pvr, a receptor tyrosine kinase), adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1, a transcription factor complex of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway) composed of Jun-related antigen (Jra) and kayak (kay), and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (Mmp1) following TBI. Interestingly, Pvr is both required and sufficient for AP-1 and Mmp1 upregulation, while knockdown of AP-1 expression in the background of Pvr overexpression in astrocytes rescued Mmp1 upregulation upon TBI, indicating that Pvr acts as the upstream receptor for the downstream AP-1–Mmp1 transduction. Moreover, dynamin-associated endocytosis was found to be an important regulatory step in downregulating Pvr signaling. Our results identify a new Pvr–AP-1–Mmp1 signaling pathway in astrocytes in response to TBI, providing potential targets for developing new therapeutic strategies for TBI.
A review of visual sustained attention: neural mechanisms and computational models
Authors: Huang Huimin , Li Rui , Zhang Junsong
Published: June 2023

Sustained attention is one of the basic abilities of humans to maintain concentration on relevant information while ignoring irrelevant information over extended periods. The purpose of the review is to provide insight into how to integrate neural mechanisms of sustained attention with computational models to facilitate research and application. Although many studies have assessed attention, the evaluation of humans’ sustained attention is not sufficiently comprehensive. Hence, this study provides a current review on both neural mechanisms and computational models of visual sustained attention. We first review models, measurements, and neural mechanisms of sustained attention and propose plausible neural pathways for visual sustained attention. Next, we analyze and compare the different computational models of sustained attention that the previous reviews have not systematically summarized. We then provide computational models for automatically detecting vigilance states and evaluation of sustained attention. Finally, we outline possible future trends in the research field of sustained attention.
América Latina y su papel en el comercio internacional
Authors: Prats Germán Martínez
Published: June 2023

El comercio internacional ha desempeñado un papel fundamental en el desarrollo económico de América Latina. En este artículo, se realiza un análisis exhaustivo de la evolución del comercio internacional en la región, así como de los desafíos que enfrenta. En primer lugar, se examina el crecimiento significativo que ha experimentado el comercio internacional en América Latina en las últimas décadas. Se destacan los avances en la apertura económica, la firma de acuerdos comerciales y la participación en cadenas de valor globales como factores clave en este crecimiento. Se destaca la importancia de los recursos naturales, la industria manufacturera y los servicios como pilares fundamentales de la actividad comercial. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el describir a través de una metodología cualitativa como se desarrolla el comercio internacional en América latina y el impacto que este tiene en los países que la conforman.
Hidrovias europeias vetor de desenvolvimento econômico e ambiental
Authors: De Freitas Junior Moacir , Vendrametto Oduvaldo , Bueno Robson Elias , Dos Santos Dilma Vicente , Toloi Rodrigo
Published: June 2023

O meio de transporte aquaviário perdeu espaço na era industrial para os meios ferroviário e rodoviário, porém, devido a problemas ambientais, o modal aquaviário passou a ser cogitado, principalmente devido aos avanços tecnológicos que o tornaram mais eficiente e menos agressivo ao meio ambiente. É nesse contexto que os países que compõem o continente europeu passaram a investir de forma mais sistemática no modelo hidroviário como meio de transporte de seus produtos e movimentação de cargas e pessoas. Diante do exposto, este artigo pretende apresentar as principais obras das hidrovias europeias e os principais produtos e volumes de cargas transportadas. Para a realização do estudo, foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa, combinada com pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e bibliográfica. A realização do estudo possibilitou observar o potencial que o modal aquaviário oferece para o transporte de cargas e pessoas, além disso, foi possível descrever importantes obras construídas em hidrovias e portos, para acomodar embarcações de maior porte, reduzir distâncias de deslocamento, aumentar sua capacidade, confiabilidade e melhorar a eficiência do transporte aquaviário, contribuindo para a redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa.
A política da educação básica de ensino médio em tempo integral da Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Minas Gerais
Authors: Figueiredo Jacqueline de Sousa Batista
Published: June 2023

Este estudo pretende compreender a concepção e a organização da política pública educacional da Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Minas Gerais de Ensino Médio em Tempo Integral. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa discorrendo com os principais teóricos da área e as principais legislações que tratam sobre o tema produzidos nos últimos anos. Como metodologia é utilizada uma revisão de literatura e documental. Para a coleta de dados são utilizados decretos, leis, livros, artigos, documentos orientadores da SEE/MG e as normativas legais que tratam do objeto em análise. Justifica-se a pesquisa, para que possam ser examinados a concepção e a organização da política pública educacional da Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Minas Gerais de Ensino Médio em Tempo Integral para formação integral dos jovens pretendida para essa etapa da Educação Básica. A partir dos estudos aqui propostos apresenta-se a implementação da política de educação integral suscitando o debate em torno do tema. Os resultados mostram que a educação integral tem que ser estruturada visando o aprendizado onde as ações de integralidade aconteçam para o desenvolvimento educacional integral dos sujeitos. O que se observa, perante os quadros apresentados, é que ela surge como tentativa de melhorar os índices educacionais. Este estudo contribui para que outros sejam realizados sobre a implementação do EMTI no Estado de Minas Gerais trazendo novos aspectos e novas demandas, bem como, o ponto de vista dos atores escolares, pontos positivos e pontos a serem aperfeiçoados, considerando que o EMTI está como política pública educacional há poucos anos no Estado de Minas Gerais.
Relatos de vivências de mães em home office durante a pandemia
Authors: Bispo Danielle de Araújo , Nepomuceno Luciana Holanda , Siqueira Elisabete Stradiotto , Nobre Liana Holanda Nepomuceno
Published: June 2023

Este artigo apresentou a reflexão sobre os dados obtidos na primeira etapa do projeto de extensão “Relatos de vivências de mães em home office durante a pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID 19)”. A questão que norteou o trabalho foi: como as mulheres mães e profissionais levadas ao home office relataram e deram sentido ao seu cotidiano no período da pandemia? A teoria utilizada para situar a análise dos dados foi a literatura sobre home office, que aborda as vantagens e desvantagens dessa modalidade de trabalho. A partir da literatura, elaborou-se o modelo teórico que priorizou compreender as dimensões trabalho profissional, trabalho doméstico, família e indivíduo. A pesquisa se classifica como descritiva visto que se trata de descrever as características do fenômeno, com o campo empírico composto por 17 mães. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da apresentação de uma questão estímulo. As assertivas destacadas das respostas das mães foram analisadas de forma interpretativa. Concluiu-se que essas mulheres passaram por transformações na sua individualidade, no seu relacionamento com a família, na sua casa e no trabalho profissional para ressignificarem suas vidas num contexto pandêmico. O modelo teórico apresentado permitiu analisar o cotidiano dessas mulheres em relação às dimensões assim como criticar a dualidade presente na literatura sobre trabalho em home office.
Clinical Profile and Short-term Outcome of Paediatric COVID-19 in the First, Second and Third Wave of the Pandemic in IndiaAn Observational Study
Authors: Archaka Sai Swaroop , Mannu Alexander , Chellaiyan Vinoth Gnana
Published: June 2023

Introduction: There has been adequate evidence that children are less likely to contract the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID19) infection and less likely to experience a deadly course of the disease in the paediatric group. The majority of the time, they exhibit moderate respiratory symptoms, like fever, dry cough and exhaustion. They were all free of COVID-19 pneumonia. Aim: To compare the clinical features and short-term outcomes of COVID-19 in children during May 2020 to April 2022. Materials and Methods: The present analytical observational study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Chettinad Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from March 2020 to March 2022. The study population included Reverse TranscriptionPolymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) positive COVID-19 children between age groups of one month and 18 years age. A sample size of 102, 90 and 98 were included from first, second and third wave, respectively. Kruskal-Wallis test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test were used were used for statistical analysis. Results: In the study population, the mean age in the wave 1, wave 2 and wave 3 was 9.1±5.25 years, 9.3±4.99 years and 9.2±5.12 years, respectively. Males were more affected in all the phases than females. The most common symptoms in all the three waves were cough, myalgia and fever. Fever was the predominant symptom reported in all three waves (74.8% in wave 1, 80.6% in wave 2 and 75% in wave 3). Between the COVID19 waves, baseline investigations such as Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate Transaminase (AST) (p-value=0.001, 0.02) showed significant differences. C-reactive Protein (CRP) was non reactive in (81.55%) in wave 1, (85.07%) in wave 2 and (65.3%) in wave 3. (p-value=0.029). Conclusion: The present study results conclude that the presenting features of COVID-19 in children were mild, and the outcome was good. The first, second and third waves had considerable differences in clinical findings and short-term outcomes among COVID-19-affected children.
Effects of Nalbuphine and Nefopam in the Management of Postoperative Shivering after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy under General Anaesthesia: A Randomised Double-blind Study
Authors: Mahajan Nahila , Angral Rajesh , Chander Anshuman Mahesh , Sharma Raj Rishi
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Postoperative shivering is a very common and unpleasant complication of laparoscopic surgery under General Anaesthesia (GA). Postoperative shivering is uncomfortable for the patient, and it might increase the postoperative complications especially in high-risk patients. Aim: To compare the therapeutic effects of Nalbuphine and Nefopam in treating postoperative shivering in patients undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) under GA. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomised, double-blinded, study conducted at Government Medical College and Hospital, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India, on 60 patients aged between 25 to 60 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I and II scheduled for elective LC under GA, who had postoperative shivering during recovery period. Study duration was of one year (October 2021 to October 2022). Patients were randomly allocated into Group A (n=30, received nalbuphine) and Group B (n=30, received nefopam). Data was collected and compiled using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23.0 version. Student’s t-test and Chi-square test was used to analyse the data. The p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Time for cessation of shivering was 4.11±1.12 minutes in nalbuphine group as compared to 3.03±0.68 minutes in nefopam group which was statistically significant (p=0.001). Response rate was 73.33% in nalbuphine group as compared to 90% in nefopam group, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.043). Similar incidence of bradycardia and vomiting was noted in both the groups. Nausea (6.67% vs 3.33%), pain on injection (3.33% vs nil) and pruritis (6.67% vs nil) were more in nalbuphine group as compared to nefopam group which was statistically significant. Sedation was more in nalbuphine group as compared to nefopam group (10% vs 6.67%) which was not significant statistically. Conclusion: Nefopam as compared to nalbuphine had earlier cessation of shivering, better response rate and had less sideeffects.
Expression of VEGF-C in Breast Carcinoma and its Association with HER2/neu and Oestrogen/ Progesterone Receptors: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ray Sohini , Ghosh Suman , Jana Sritanu
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour and is the leading cause of carcinoma death in women. Assessing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C (VEGF-C) is important because the expression of VEGF-C is one of the factors determining the aggressiveness of breast carcinoma. Aim: To evaluate the expression of VEGF-C in breast carcinoma and its association with HER2/neu and Oestrogen Receptors (ER)/Progesterone Receptors (PR). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in Department of Pathology of a tertiary care center of Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal from 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2019. Patients attending Outpatient Department (OPD) and were diagnosed clinically as having breast cancer, operated upon, and subsequently sent for Histopathological Examination (HPE) in Pathology. The samples which were positive for breast carcinoma by histopathology were further studied with Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers and the positivity of IHC expression was reported using standard procedure and scoring pattern. The assosciation of VEGF-C expression with respect to histological type, grade, and stage of cancer as well as the HER2/neu and ER/PR status was studied. Using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0, Chi-square was applied for the significance of p-value and the significance level was considered at a p-value <0.05. Results: This study consisted of 44 cases of malignant breast lesions and of which 27 cases were associated with axillary lymph nodes. After IHC staining, 25 (56.82%) were VEGF-C positive and the rest 19 (43.18%) were VEGF-C negative. There was a significant association between VEGF-C and histologic grades of breast carcinoma. VEGF-C expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and with HER2/neu. VEGF-C seems to be significantly associated with ER status of breast carcinoma and was not associated with the PR status of breast carcinoma. Conclusion: Assessment of VEGF-C is recommended because expression of VEGF-C is one of the factors determining the aggressiveness of breast carcinoma. If VEGF-C is positive in node- negative breast carcinoma, then it may help in targeted therapy of breast carcinoma before lymphatic metastasis develops.
Influence of Gibberellic Acid on Fruit Crops: A Review
Authors: Shah Syed Muddassir Hussain , Kumar Rakesh , Bakshi Parshant , Bhat Deep Ji , Sinha Bhav Kumar , Sharma Magdeshwar , Sharma Reetika
Published: June 2023

Gibberellic acid is a tetracyclic di-terpenoid molecule that acts as a plant hormone by promoting the growth and development of plants. Gibberellins, one of the longest-known groups of plant hormones, control several developmental and signaling processes, such as stem lengthening, germination, dormancy, flowering and floral development, as well as the senescence of leaves and fruits. Gibberellins can alter physiological and developmental processes, including plant vegetative growth, sex expression, yield, and yield components in several crops, when applied foliar. Gibberellin, therefore has significant economic and industrial significance. Their exogenous use aids in enhancing the several commercially significant and marketable traits of flowering plants and has several benefits, like being environmentally friendly and taking less time to treat the plant. Growth regulators like GA3 have finally impacted on flowering crops' physiological processes, which in turn has affected growth and flower production. To put things in perspective, current scientific advancements will significantly affect fruit productivity and quality. In this review, we have discussed the impact of gibberellins on different aspects of crop production with special emphasis on fruit crops. To make the use of these regulators ecologically and toxicologically safe for both plants and consumers, the proper concentration for exogenous applications in fruit crops should also be examined properly.
Efficacy of Herbicides on Weed Control & Growth Parameter on Wheat
Authors: Yadav Mohit , Yadav Pragati
Published: June 2023

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a globally significant crop and a staple food for millions of people. Weed infestation is one of the major constraints affecting wheat productivity worldwide. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency of Carfentrazone ethyl 5% + Clodinafop propargyl 15% DF as a post-emergence herbicide against predominant weeds in wheat crops. Wheat is a globally significant crop and a staple food for millions of people. Weed infestation is a major constraint affecting wheat productivity. The study was conducted using a Randomized Block Design with three replications and a total of 11 treatments. The herbicide treatments were applied using foliar spray at different doses. Weed control efficiency was evaluated at 30, 45, and 60 days after herbicide application.

The results showed that the highest weed control efficiency was observed in the weed-free plot, followed by the treatment with Carfentrazone ethyl 5% + Clodinafop propargyl 15% DF at a dose of 800 g/ha. This treatment provided significant control against different weed species such as Phalaris minor, Avena ludoviciana, and Chenopodium album. The herbicide treatments showed varying degrees of control efficiency, with some treatments performing better than others.

These findings highlight the importance of weed management for increasing wheat crop production. The judicious use of herbicides, such as Carfentrazone ethyl 5% + Clodinafop propargyl 15% DF, can effectively control weeds and contribute to higher yields. However, further research and field trials are necessary to optimize the herbicide application and determine its long-term effects on wheat crops. Overall, this study emphasizes the need for effective weed control strategies to enhance wheat productivity and meet the demands of a growing population.
Response of Bio-fertilizer and Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. var. kabulium)
Authors: Minz Teresha Akancha , Singh Rajesh
Published: June 2023

A field experiment entitled “Response of Bio-fertilizer and Phosphorus on growth and yield of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. var. kabulium)” was conducted during rabi season, 2022-2023 at Crop Research Farm in the Department of agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh. The soil texture of the experimental plot was sandy loam, with a pH of 7.1, low organic carbon (0.28 percent), available N (225 kg/ha), available P (19.50 kg/ha), and available K (213.7 kg/ha). The treatment consisted of three levels of Bio-fertilizer Rhizobium sp, PSB, Rhizobium sp and PSB in combination with Phosphorus (50, 60 and 70 kg/ha) and control. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. Application of (Rhizobium sp + PSB + Phosphorus 70 kg/ha) produces maximum plant height (57.67 cm), number of nodules/plant (47.80), dry weight (10.32 g), number of pods/plant (30.17), number of grains/pod (1.65) and seed yield (2975.44 kg/ha).
Sociological Determinants and Consequences of Irregular Migration, Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery in Nigeria
Authors: Fanu Omolade Oyindamola , Abdullateef Ibrahim Bidemi , Atta Julie Alaere
Published: June 2023

In Nigeria, the prevalence of irregular migration, human trafficking, and modern slavery reflects a socio-political deficiencies and a pure socio-economic imbalance between the rich and the poor. As a result, this study investigated the determinants and consequences of irregular migration, human trafficking, and modern slavery in Nigeria in the context of national and international perspectives. Several variables were believed to be determining factors of these events based on what is apparent in the existing literature reviewed, including poverty, low standard of living, insecurity, wealth disparity, leadership flaws, and a low level of education. This paper then concludes that, given the globalising nature of these events (irregular migration, human trafficking, and modern slavery), it would be extraordinarily impossible for any single country to adequately address the tremendous consequences emanating from these social events.
Assessment of Factors Influencing Process Safety Risk Accumulation in Petroleum Operations in Nigeria
Authors: Maduabuchi Emeka , Ugbebor John N. , Oyet Gogomari I.
Published: June 2023

A cross-sectional exploratory assessment of the factors that influence process safety cumulative risk for accident prevention in petroleum operations in Niger-Delta Nigeria was investigated. For the study, a purposive cum random sampling technique was deployed among selected petroleum companies operating in Niger-Delta, Nigeria. A population of 261 of asset integrity engineers/operators, process safety experts, production safety professionals in the petroleum industry in the Niger Delta were sampled using survey questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics (analysis of variance) were used for data analysis. Overall, the study established that process safety cumulative risk assessment has a significant influence in major accident prevention in petroleum operations in Niger-Delta, Nigeria. The study identified seven influencing factors that need to be considered by petroleum industries in Niger-Delta Nigeria, in assessing process safety cumulative risk: (a) preventive and corrective maintenance deviations (agreed by 100% of the respondents), (b) temporary changes (agreed by 98% of the respondents), (c) inhibits/overrides (agreed by 96% of the respondents. Also (d) 97% accounted for downgraded integrity items and (e) 100% accounted for permit to work as influencing factors. The study further showed that (f) simultaneous operations (averred by 99% of the respondents) and (g) open actions from safety review /audits (averred by 92% of the respondents) were the other influencing factors. Including these influencing factors in process safety cumulative risk assessment by the petroleum industries in the study area, will enable better operational decision making in reducing the risk of major accidents.
Philistines
Authors: Faust Avraham
Published: June 2023

“Philistines” is a collective name of a people who settled in part of Canaan's southern coastal plain during Iron Age I and occupied the area until the end of the Iron Age.
Aeschines (Aischines)
Authors: Harris Edward M.
Published: June 2023

Aeschines (born c. 390bce) was an Athenian politician and orator. He was one of the ambassadors who negotiated the Peace of Philokrates in 346, which was the beginning of the longstanding antagonism between himself and Demosthenes. Three speeches survive:Against Timarchos(346),On the False Embassy(343), andAgainst Ktesiphon(330).
Iranian languages
Authors: Tucker Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

Description and documentation of Old Iranian languages (Avestan and Old Persian) and of Middle Iranian languages (Middle Persian, Parthian, Bactrian, Sogdian, Khotanese, Tumshuqese, Chorasmian, Alanic and Samartian).
Legislation, Greek and Roman
Authors: Fisher Roger S.
Published: June 2023

Legislation is distinct from other sources of law such as unwritten custom and judicial decisions by judges or juries. Legislation first appeared in the Greek and Roman world with the introduction of writing and was always associated with a legislative body or person(s) with delegated rule‐making authority. Legislation is one part of a larger legal culture in the Greek and Roman world. How legislative rules were enacted, interpreted, applied, and amended was largely determined by specific social and political circumstances.
Italy, southern
Authors: Owens E. J.
Published: June 2023

Geographically, southern Italy is characterized by the high mountains of the Apennines and the fertile coastal plains, and this geography produced characteristically independent peoples. Its history and development were influenced by the Greeks, Etruscans, and Romans. The communities gained full Roman citizenship after the Social War and became part of a united Italy. The area enjoyed the benefits of the
pax Romana
in the first two and a half centuries
ce
, after which it suffered from the barbarian invasions, and in the second half of the sixth century came under the influence of Byzantine emperors from Constantinople.
Municipia, Roman Republic
Authors: Owens E. J.
Published: June 2023

Municipia(sing.municipium) were the institution by which the Romans incorporated Italian communities into the Roman state, permitting the expansion of the Roman citizen‐body without fundamentally affecting Rome's city‐state (polis) institutions. They were a vital mechanism of Roman expansion and control in Italy and later in the provinces. Although incorporated into the Roman state,municipiamaintained their local identity and retained their local political autonomy. After the Social War (91–88bce), all Italian communities becamemunicipiaand before the end of the Republican period, the process of granting municipal status to communities in some provinces had begun.
Tarquinius Superbus
Authors: Glinister Fay , Armstrong Jeremy
Published: June 2023

Lucius Tarquinius Superbus was the seventh and last
rex
(“king”) of Rome (traditionally, reigned ca. 534–509
bce
).
Anunnaki and Igigi
Authors: Villard† Pierre
Published: June 2023

The terms Anunnaki and Igigi designate two categories of Mesopotamian gods, whose precise definition varied over time. In the Sumerian corpus, as well as in the Old Babylonian period, the Anunnaki are the major divinities, the Igigi the inferior divinities. From the end of the second millennium, the Anunnakū are the chthonic deities and the Igigū the celestial deities.
Lachish
Authors: Faust Avraham
Published: June 2023

The ancient city of Lachish is identified with Tell ed‐Duweir, a relatively large site (approximately 7 ha) located in the Shephelah (lowlands) of southwestern Israel.
Qadishtum
Authors: Scurlock Joann
Published: June 2023

The Akkadian word qadištum (
qadishtum
), equivalent to Canaanite
qedešah
, denotes a “holy woman,” that is, a minor priestess.
Xanthippos of Sparta
Authors: Mazloum Gladys
Published: June 2023

Xanthippos was a Spartan mercenary brought to Carthage during the First Punic War, who led the Carthaginian army to transient success against Rome.
Microstructure Control and Performance Evolution of Hypereutectic Al–20Mg2Si Alloy by Novel Al–Ca–Sb Masteralloy
Authors: Ju Yan , Zuo Min , Liu Tongtong , Li Yongli , Xia Wenli , Chen Juan , Zhao Degang , Xu Chengcheng
Published: June 2023

Herein, the microstructure control and performance evolution of hypereutectic Al–20Mg2Si alloy with the addition of novel Al–3.3Ca–10Sb master alloy are investigated. It is found that AlCa11Sb9 and CaSb2 compounds are successfully synthesized through in situ melt reaction of masteralloy. With 0.45 wt% Al–3.3Ca–10Sb master alloy addition, primary Mg2Si particles in hypereutectic Al–20Mg2Si alloy are significantly refined from more than 150 μm to 10.7 μm, which are accompanied with the 3D morphologies changing from dendrites to octahedrons. After heat treatment, Brinell hardnesses of Al–20Mg2Si alloys are remarkably improved to 112 HB. Furthermore, it is also found that the cooling rate of Al–3.3Ca–10Sb master alloys has certain influence on the refinement effect of Al–Mg2Si alloys. The excellent complex modification of this master alloy on Al–20Mg2Si alloy can be attributed to the existence of CaSb2 particles as the heterogeneous nucleation sites of Mg2Si particles and the inhibiting growth effect of residual Ca atoms adsorbed on the surface of Mg2Si phase.
Simultaneously Improved Bendability and Strength of Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Zn Alloys by Controlling the Formation and Evolution of Primary Fe‐Rich Phase
Authors: Du Jinqing , Li Gaojie , Guo Mingxing , Lu Wenyi , Dong Qijuan , Zhuang Linzhong
Published: June 2023

In present work, the formation, evolution, and distribution of the primary Fe‐rich phase in an Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Zn–Fe–Mn alloy are coupling controlled by ultrasonic melt treatment (USMT) and thermomechanical processing (TMP). It is shown in the results that the size of grains and Fe‐rich phase in the as‐cast state can be greatly reduced by the applied optimum USMT at 680 °C. Additionally, the transformation rate of β‐Fe‐rich phase to α‐Fe‐rich phase can be also enhanced. After the coupling control of USMT and TMP, the number density and distribution uniformity of multiscale Fe‐rich particles can be greatly increased or improved, which contributes to the fine‐grained recrystallization microstructure and weakened texture. Finally, compared with the 6xxx series Al alloys (such as AA6016 and AA6111), the alloy sheet in the pre‐aging state exhibits substantially improved bendability and strength (the plastic strain ratio and tensile strength are 0.67 and 304 MPa, respectively). The effect of USMT on the formation and transformation of primary Fe‐rich phase and the mechanisms of improved bendability and strength are deeply discussed.
Preparation, Structural Identification and Reactivities of Two Benziodazole‐type I(III) Reagents
Authors: Yang Zhifang , Sun Fengxia , Xu Jun , Li Yadong , Yang Kaiyue , Du Yunfei
Published: June 2023

Treating 2‐acetyl‐1‐chloro‐1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐1λ3‐benzo[d][1,2]iodazol‐3‐one1 fwith sliver cyanate in dried chloroform was found to give hypervalent isocyanato‐iodine(III) reagent5in excellent yield, while the oxo‐bridged 1,1′‐oxybis(2‐acetyl‐1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐1λ3‐benzo[d][1,2]iodaz‐ol‐3‐one)6was obtained when a mixture of chloroform and water was used as solvent. Structure of these two hypervalent iodine reagents were established by X‐ray crystallography and their reaction with base, aniline, methanol and cyclic ether were investigated. A previously reported 1‐cyanato benziodoxole compound was revisited and its structure was revised.
Elucidating the Role of Prelithiation in Si‐based Anodes for Interface Stabilization
Authors: Bai Shuang , Bao Wurigumula , Qian Kun , Han Bing , Li Weikang , Sayahpour Baharak , Sreenarayanan Bhagath , Tan Darren H.S. , Ham So‐yeon , Meng Ying Shirley
Published: June 2023

Prelithiation as a facile and effective method to compensate the lithium inventory loss in the initial cycle has progressed considerably both on anode and cathode sides. However, much less research has been devoted to the prelithiation effect on the interface stabilization for long‐term cycling of Si‐based anodes. An in‐depth quantitative analysis of the interface that forms during the prelithiation of SiOx is presented here and the results are compared with prelithiaton of Si anodes. Local structure probe combined with detailed electrochemical analysis reveals that a characteristic mosaic interface is formed on both prelithiated SiOx and Si anodes. This mosaic interface containing multiple lithium silicates phases, is fundamentally different from the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formed without prelithiation. The ideal conductivity and mechanical properties of lithium silicates enable improved cycling stability of both prelithiated anodes. With a higher ratio of lithium silicates due to the oxygen participation, prelithiated SiO1.3 anode improves the initial coulombic efficiency to 94% in full cell and delivers good cycling retention (77%) after 200 cycles. The insights provided in this work can be used to further optimize high Si loading (>70% by weight) based anodes in future high energy density batteries.
Peptide‐Hypervalent Iodine Reagent Chimeras: Enabling Peptide Functionalization and Macrocyclization**
Authors: Liu Xing‐Yu , Ji Xinjian , Heinis Christian , Waser Jerome
Published: June 2023

Herein, we report a novel strategy for the modification of peptides based on the introduction of highly reactive hypervalent iodine reagents—ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBXs)—onto peptides. These peptide‐EBXs can be readily accessed, by both solution‐ and solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). They can be used to couple the peptide to other peptides or a protein through reaction with Cys, leading to thioalkynes in organic solvents and hypervalent iodine adducts in water buffer. Furthermore, a photocatalytic decarboxylative coupling to the C‐terminus of peptides was developed using an organic dye and was also successful in an intramolecular fashion, leading to macrocyclic peptides with unprecedented crosslinking. A rigid linear aryl alkyne linker was essential to achieve high affinity for Keap1 at the Nrf2 binding site with potential protein‐protein interaction inhibition.
Synthese von Trifluormethylierten Alkenen: hypervalentes Iod trifft hochvalentes Kupfer
Authors: Milzarek Tobias Michael , Waser Jerome
Published: June 2023

Die erste Trifluormethylierung von Vinylbenziodoxolonen (VBX) wird hier berichtet. Die Synthesemethode basiert auf stabilen, hochvalenten Kupfer(IIII) Verbindungen, kann unter thermischen Bedingungen und/oder Bestrahlung (365 nm) initiert werden und ermöglicht den stereoselektiven Zugang zu trifluoromethylierten Alkenen. Als Ausgangsstoffe können zahlreiche VBX‐Reagenzien verwendet werden, die von Tyrosin, Cystein, kleinen Peptiden, Thiolen und Amiden abgeleitet sind. Die erhaltenen Alkene können durch Reduktion oder Epoxidierung der trifluoromethylierten Doppelbindung weiter funktionalisiert werden. Darüber hinaus kann die Methode in großen Batch‐/Flow‐Synthesen angewendet und unter Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht durchgeführt werden.
Expedient Access to Enantioenriched 1‐Azaspiro Cyclobutanones Enabled by Modified Heyns Rearrangement
Authors: Panda Shibaram , Ghorai Prasanta
Published: June 2023

Leveraging the unexplored regions of chemical space, the integration of spirocyclic cyclobutane in a molecular scaffold opens up a new vista in modern drug discovery. Despite recent advancements in achieving the synthesis of such motifs, strategies for their asymmetric construction have not been well‐recognized and remain a formidable challenge. Herein, for the first time, we have demonstrated a chiral Brønsted acid‐catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of 1‐azaspiro cyclobutanone enabled by an unusual reactivity of enamine that explore the potentiality of Heyns rearrangement upon electrophilic modification. This design strategy offers viable access to a wide range of cyclobutanone containing spiroindoline and spiropyrrolidine derivatives in good yields with excellent stereoselectivities (up to >99 % ee, >20 : 1 dr). Furthermore, the practicality of this methodology has been shown by a scale‐up synthesis of spirocyclic products and their facile post‐synthetic modifications.