bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The processing, properties and optimum mix of fly ash based - self compacting geopolymer concrete
Authors: Sondakh C , Gumalang S
Published: February 2020

The development of concrete technology toward environmentally friendly concrete has become increasingly interest area. The production of Portland cement has a significant impact on greenhouse emissions. The fact triggers the research and the development of eco-friendly concrete, one of which is geopolymer concrete. The implementation of concrete casting sometimes faces the construction that requires the casting process without vibration. It is then when the self-compacting concrete technology was developed. Concerning the two main issues of eco-friendly self-compacting concrete mention above, fly ash based-self compacting Geopolymer concrete has become a research study and develops in the last decades. This paper identifies the process, properties, an optimum mix of fly ash-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete. The properties in this research are the workability of fresh concrete and compressive strength at 7 days. Compressive strength is reported with several NaOH molarities, Alkaline to fly ash ratio, curing time, Curing temperature, Superplasticizer, and Extra Water. Examination of the workability is done with a slump flow test, V-Funnel test, and L-Shape box test. The result shows the optimum mix of fly ash based self-compacting geopolymer concrete.
Wave parameter sensitivity in structural dependent reliability of jack-up
Authors: Idris A , Harahap I S H , Ali M O A
Published: February 2020

The response treatment of structural systems subject to stochastic loading requires the mathematical modeling of the input load, propagation such as input through the systems, and the treatment of uncertainty inherent in the output using probabilistic methods. For jack-up structures, the input load from the wave is modeled using the significant wave height and wave period which are statistical averages obtained from long term studies. The variability in the determination of these wave parameters leads to further uncertainty in the response output. This study, therefore, investigated the sensitivity of these wave parameters to the time-dependent reliability of jack-up. The wave was modeled using Karhunen-Loeve representation, and the propagation of uncertainty was performed on a simplified jack-up model using Duhamel convolution integral. The response analysis was performed using VanMarckes time-dependent solution method. The results of jack-up survival probability obtained for different failure criteria in deck displacement show that the probability is more sensitive to the wave period than the wave significant height.
Geotechnical profiles of expansive soil hazard for road infrastructure: Case study of Takalar-Jeneponto provincial road corridor
Authors: Hamid W , Samang L , Harianto T , Djamaluddin A R , Arsyad A
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a developed geotechnical profiles which can be utlized to map expansive soil hazard for road infrastructure. The geotechnical profiles are a fundamental part of newly framework of establishing expansive soil hazard mapping which comprise of digital elevation model of area along road corridor, geological maps and geotechnical database consisting of measured in-situ and laboratory tests data, and predicted active zone by using rainfall and potential evapotranspiration data. The geotechnical profiles in the study area suggested that clay layer dominates soil formation in the area which is found to be very expansive. The thickenss of the clay layer varies due to geological structure where it is shallow in the anticline structure and deep in the sycline structure. Active zone is difficult to predict since the measurement of groundwater table is not time lapse measurement. Therefore, future study would investigate the use of SMOS and SMAP satellite platforms, and differential SAR inferometry would enhance prediction of spatial distribution of active zone of expansive soil.
Load deformation behavior of used tires foundation with varied Filler Gradation
Authors: Meti  , Samang L , Djamaluddin A R , Muhiddin A B
Published: February 2020

In this study, waste tire is used as foundation material. Load deformation behavior was examined with varied aggregate filler gradation. The types of gradation used are: (a) 1”<(15%)<1,5”,¾”<(25%)<1”,¾<(60%)<no.4;(b)¾”<(50%)<1”, no.4<(50%)<3/4”; (c) ¾”<(100%)<1”, and (d) natural gravel 1”<(34,66%)<1,5”, ¾”<(65,34%)<1”, gradation as found in BiliBili river. Tires waste used in this study was R.16 which had been modified. Before conducting field tests, abrasion and specific gravity values of each aggregate were obtained. With applying load of20 kN, the vertical center deformationof gradation(a) was 6 mm, gradation(b) was 6mm, gradation(c) was 9 mm, and gradation (d) was 3 mm. While horizontal side deformationgradation(a) was 19,3 mm, gradation(b) was 48 mm, gradation(c) was18,8 mm, and gradation (d) was 19,2 mm.
The influence of railway development on the indonesian national economy: an input-output approach
Authors: Dwiatmoko H , Hidayat A K , Supriyatno D , Mudjanarko S W , Ramli M I
Published: February 2020

This paper aims to investigate the effect of railway development on the Indonesia national economy with Input-Output analysis. The data used in this study are Input-Output data from 2000 to 2010. Input-Output data analysis generates contribution, value added, intermediate input, final input, linkage and multiple impacts of a railway to other modes of transportation and national economy. The result of Input-Output data analysis concludes that the railway has forward and backward linkage to various sub-sectors, therefore it can become a superior sub-sector to increase national economic growth. The research results find out that if there is a development or investment in the railway subsector of IDR. 1 billion, this, will, therefore, give impact to: (a) the amount of economic output will increase into IDR 1.633767 billion; (b) the income of the society members will become IDR. 362,507 million; (c) will upgrade the employment opportunities into 9.556 people. Accordingly, there is a need to modify the government budget (APBN) that will focus primarily on developing railway transportation, both in goods and passenger vehicles.
The relationship of volume and headway on heterogen traffic conditions in Makassar City
Authors: Halim H , Adisasmita S A , Ramli M I , Aly S H
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between vehicle distance (gap) formed by the vehicle volume. For this reason, in this study, there were 16 (sixteen) roads that were used as objects of research. To get the values from the gap variable, the VISSIM software is used in the data processing. In the use of this software calibration and validation are done by trial and error to produce simulation results that can replicate the actual traffic conditions. The results of this study indicate that statistically from the coefficient of determination and F test conducted concluded that there is a significant relationship between vehicle volume and gap.
Traffic noise level handling on A P Pettarani road towards elevated toll road construction
Authors: Azizah N , Hustim M , Pasra M
Published: February 2020

The construction of the elevated toll road is part of the transportation network system, in addition to managing the traffic system in the area to be more integrated, the facility is also used to deal with congestion that often occurs, as well as the construction plan of elevated toll on Pettarani road is expected to reduce the level of congestion that occurs. Based on previous studies, the prediction of noise levels on AP. Pettarani roads when the elevated toll road is operating with a shift estimated of 25% of the vehicle’s volume to the elevated toll road at 79.58 dB. Therefore, we need a way to handle the noise level on the AP Pettarani road if the elevated toll road is operating. Traffic load analysis is performed using the V-S-D (volume, speed and density) model analysis. The V-S-D model analysis consists of 3 models namely the Greenshield Model, the Greenberg Model, and the Underwood Model. The results of the V-S-D model analysis obtained are the Underwood Model at each point of the scenario so that it is used to calculate the average speed on the road segment according to the traffic volume. Then the results of the analysis and statistical tests through several variations of the simulation have obtained the best noise level handling by using traffic loading on the AP Pettarani Road through 50% motorcycle switch to the BRT (Bus Rapid Transyt) and can reduce the noise level by 3.05 dB.
An experimental study of clay soils for preliminary data for scour model in open channels
Authors: Latif A A , Pallu M S , Maricar F , Hatta M P
Published: February 2020

Measuring building is one of the water construction buildings known as the sluice gate which serves to divide water according to the planned discharge by adjusting the water level. This building causes differences in inflow conditions in the upstream and downstream doors which results in the occurrence of scour around the measuring building which can endanger the construction. This research aimed at the analysis of the compressive strength of clay soil to make the scouring model on an open channel. The result showed the compressive strength of clay soil was 0,95 kg/cm2. It is expected that the results of this test will result in interactions between the factors causing changes in flow patterns from a model that directly affects scour.
Coastal morphodynamic and assessments of coastal vulnerability index in Parepare bay
Authors: Sirajuddin H , Rivaldi B
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the study is to assessments the coastal vulnerability index in the Parepare bay, the beach is Lojie area, District of Mallusetasi, Barru Regency, Lumpue and Lapakaka areas, District of Bacukiki, City of Parepare South Sulawesi Province with including some aspect that is morphodynamic, coastal characteristic, hydro-oceanography, and coastal vulnerability index. Geomorphology in the study area was grouped in the formation of the morphology of terrain, wavy, and hills. Stratigraphically is composed of Parepare Volcanic rocks (Tppv), and Alluvial Deposits (Qa), divided into 4 rock units namely alluvial units, trachyte unit, tufa unit, and volcanic breccias. unit. Based on that, coastal characteristic in research area divisible in 3, that is rock coastal, sandy coastal and mud/mangrove coastal. Hydro-oceanography condition in research area that is about current with velocity of current average is 0,191 m/s with direct current is N 97° E (southeast), wave with average of high wave velocity of current average is 0,191 m/s with direct current is N 97° E (southeast), wave with average of high wave is 56,40 cm, velocity of wave is 2,4 m/s and wave maximum energy as big as 10368 joule, tide subsides in research area with high tide 1.3 meters and low subside is 0,6 meters with sea-level high 1 meters. Coastal morphodynamics and vulnerabilities of the Parepare Bay on the northern part of Lumpue Coastal, which was dominated by sand-sized sedimentary material, found multiple bars due to low/weak energy wave activity, sloping beach morphology, and predominantly residential areas. It is thus categorized as a dissipative type beach with a low level of vulnerability (CVI = 6). As for the south of the study area, the Lapakaka Coastal and Lojie Coastal are dominated by gravel and coarse-sized sedimentary material, found coral reef fragments due to high energy wave activity and mangrove found in coastal areas. Then this beach can be classified in the type of reflective with a high level of vulnerability (CVI = 53.66 n 37.94).
Experimental study the effect of turbulent flows in bend channels as to a result of vegetation groin structure on permeable type
Authors: Mansida A , Hatta M P , Pallu M S , Salintung M
Published: February 2020

Highly dynamic changes in flow regimes are caused by relatively high rainfall intensity, so that the excessive flood volume in the last ten years, and it is caused by watersheds experiencing a crisis or degradation due to conversion into economic and non-economic areas which ultimately impacts on river bank and beds by turbulent flow. The use of groin structure as a method of scouring prevention and channel flow control has not been able to fully meet the expectations of scouring prevention. We obtain the effect of changing the turbulent flow regime on the use of groins on the bent channel. Testing was conducted through laboratory experiments in artificial conditions to investigate the relationship between variables by providing certain treatments in several experimental groups with a comparative control of bend channel angle uses 60° with distance variations of groins and discharge; in addition, software Surfer used to describe scour contour pattern. Analysis of changes in flow behavior is done by using Froude (Fr) and Raynolds (Re) number approaches with the effect of turbulent flow on the bent channel scour. The results of the research indicate that the placement of the groins on the river bank channel bend causes a new phenomenon of turbulent flow with shear stress, resulting in local scouring around groin structure and the placement of looser permeable groin gives prevention 81% of river bank scour.
Flash flood modeling using the artificial neural network (Case study: Welang Watershed, Pasuruan District, Indonesia
Authors: Suhardi  , Hidayah E , Halik G
Published: February 2020

The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been widely used in flood modeling and has proven to be good accuracy. This research aims to flash flood modeling using ANN. The flash flood modeling was conducted at Welang Watershed, Pasuruan District, East Java, Indonesia. The input of flash flood using ANN consists of rainfall and runoff coefficient. The runoff coefficient was derived by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value from the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). The output ANN model was flash flood discharge. The ANN architecture model uses a backpropagation neural network. The period of training and testing model ANN using data from January to February 2017 period and November to December 2017 period, respectively. The Result of flash flood modeling with ANN showed the good of fitness pattern between output model and observation data.
Performing application of cooper-jacob method for identification of storativity
Authors: Pongmanda S , Suprapti A
Published: February 2020

Transmissivity is estimated by fitting a straight line between time versus drawdown on semi-logarithmic paper. The test data of both confined and unconfined aquifers were analyzed by many practitioners that are used cooper-Jacob method to estimate the drawdown equation, regardless of the differences between theoretical and practical conditions. The other parameter is storativity overestimated, so the aim of this research is to analyze ten pumping test data located in Makassar area by using cooper-Jacob’s (1946) time drawdown approximation of Theis method to estimate the aquifer parameters, also in order to determine the reasons which are affecting the reliability of the storativity value and obtain the important aspect behind that in practice. The pump well is installed to a depth of 20 m, the end is 2 meters into the hard consistency clay layer. The radius of the pump well used in a single well test to estimate the storativity value of the type of aquifer layer unconfined with the Cooper-Jacob method gives excessive value, but if the radius of the pump well is used larger by inserting the radius of the gravel filter layer is obtained a significant value that approaches the storativity value that has been estimated by Theis method uses one pump well and nine observation wells.
Effect of water discharge variation on water levels and flow characteristics in pipeline networks
Authors: Bachrun R , Pallu M S , Thaha M A , Bakri B
Published: February 2020

The ability of flow discharge is very necessary in pipeline. When changes in discharge flow in the pipe, the flow pattern and water level will be different. The design of test equipment used is a pipe network made of acrylic pipes with inner diameter (d1) 64 mm and (d2) 44 mm. The fluid used is standard water with a viscosity value of 1.14 cp, fat oil 0 mg/L, and specific gravity 1.0304 gr/cm3. Data collection on the testing pipeline is divided into 10 segments or 10 observation points (OP) per discharge. Variations of debits flowed are 0.5 liters/sec, 1.2 liters/sec, 3.5 liters/sec. The relationship between discharge and depth of flow or water level from the bottom of pipe and the relationship between discharge and flow velocity is directly proportional or linear. The greater of discharge value flowed resulted in a shift in the flow characteristics where the low discharge value, the laminar flow patterns and transitions and high discharge values of flow pattern becomes turbulent.
The resilience of asbuton material strength with immersion time used as core layer on a dam
Authors: Rahim H , Tjaronge M W , Thaha M A , Djamaluddin R
Published: February 2020

In order to increase the use of domestic materials, asbuton material which has a substantial reserve of 662,960 million tons in Buton Island becomes an alternative choice for using as a core layer on the dam. The asbuton material to be used in this research is Lawele Granular Asphalt (LGA). The laboratory result data to be analyzed relationship between the stability value with the immersion time, residual stability value with the immersion time and the value of the flow with the time of immersion of asbuton material. The results showed that the value of stability and flow of asbuton material after soaking tends to be stable, it indicates that the strength and flexibility of asbuton material are not affected by water immersion. The percentage of residual stability to each immersion time varies and the value of stability loss is relatively small, so until the 56th-day immersion the remaining percentage of stability loss is less.
Three dimension deformation analysis of Jatigede Dam
Authors: Minmahddun A , Ngii E
Published: February 2020

In large dams, the reservoir water level will become a large hydrostatic pressure and reduce the effective stress due to the effect of seepage on the dam body. The total stress that occurs can cause deformation in the dam body to exceed the allowable deformation. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the deformation of the dam to know the stability of the dam. This research aimed to analyze the deformation of the dam in a steady-state seepage condition. The reservoir water level was modeled on minimum, normal, and flooded water levels. The deformation was analyzed using the three-dimension finite element method. Deformation analysis results show that the deformation increased when the reservoir water level increased. Significant deformation increase occurred in x-direction deformation i.e. 0.27 m at minimum water level, 0.55 m at normal water level and 0.55 m at flooded water level. The deformation obtained from the analysis still required the maximum deformation criteria of 2 m, which is half of the freeboard.
Wave reflection and transmission test with pipe wall roughness and without roughness on the perforated breakwater
Authors: Syamsuri A M , Suriamihardja D , Thaha M A , Rachman T
Published: February 2020

Waves towards the shore that have a porous breakwater building will experience reflection and transmission, to determine the height of reflection and transmission wave is needed a study by the process of generating waves on the flume with a porous breakwater building, the effect of wave changes in its propagation requires an experiment in the laboratory. This study was aimed to determine the height ratio of reflection and transmission wave by using a model of pipe structure as a wave reducer by adding the friction plane of the roughness of the walls in the pipe. A method of laboratory experiment on the wave generation flume has several variations consisting of 3 periods (T; 1,0 seconds, T; 1,1 seconds, T; 1.2 seconds) and 3 water depth (d) are 15, 30 and 36 cm, stroke to regulate the flap motion that determines the wave height (H) as a wave generator that is 4, 5 and 6 by comparing the model that uses pipe wall roughness and without roughness. The result of testing indicates that the height of reflection wave (Hr) and transmission (Ht) is strongly influenced by the period (T). If the period increases, Hr and Ht significantly decrease, the height ratio of reflection wave using pipe wall roughness is greater than without roughness. However, it inversely proportional to the height of transmission wave (Ht) were a model using pipe roughness is more efficient to reduce Ht than a model without pipe roughness.
An investigation of fall accident in a high-rise building project
Authors: Arifuddin R , Latief R U , Suraji A
Published: February 2020

Fall accident is an accident category that becomes a primary cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries among construction workers worldwide. The objectives of the paper are to report the results of a study investigating 100 reports of fall accidents in the high-rise building project in Indonesia. The study concludes that the impact/consequence of the fall accident mostly occurring involves a fatality, causing death (56%), major injuries, causing permanent physical defect (28%), and minor injuries, causing temporary wound (16%). The main factors of fall accidents causation are mostly related to personal factors (61%) and non-personal factors (30%). It was found that fall accidents mainly take place in the area of scaffoldings (52%), area of structure (28%), and area of working structure (20%). The fall accidents occurred mostly during afternoon time (42%), followed morning time (27%), and evening time (21%), and workers who are 20 – 30 years old and under 20 years old get a higher risk of getting accidents. The findings will be a recommendation to construction companies for developing effective safety programs for the prevention of fall accidents.
Air dispersion modelling of gas turbine power plant emissions in Makassar by using AERMOD
Authors: Zakaria R , Aly S H , Annisa
Published: February 2020

Activities at PT. PLN (Persero) Makassar Tello Sector especially Gas Turbine Power Plant produces exhaust emissions that can be pollution for the environment if the quality is not monitored. Therefore, an analysis of the pattern distribution of exhaust emissions in Gas Turbine Power Plant needs to be done to determine the concentration produced and dispersion pattern and direction of its spread. The modeling in this study uses AERMOD software and requires meteorological support data and ground elevation to run the software. The results showed that the distribution of SO2, NO2, CO, and particulates gas pollutants was in line with the dominant wind direction found in windrose. The concentration received by the receptors is very small and does not exceed the ambient air quality standards based on South Sulawesi Governor Regulation Number 69 of 2010 which is 365 μg/Nm3 for SO2, 150 μg/Nm3 for NO2, 10,000 μg/Nm3 for CO, and 230 μg/Nm3 for particulates. Thus, the impact received by the receptor is not felt directly.
Analysis of e-waste components at a computer service center of Makassar City
Authors: Lando A T , Abdurrahman M A , Arifin A N , Utami R
Published: February 2020

E-waste is a waste of electronic devices where its number of generation continues to increase in the world. However, improper processing of e-waste in developing countries, such as Indonesia, especially from computing devices, can lead to adverse human health effects and environmental pollution. Therefore, the aims of this study are to determine the generation, composition, material flow, and management of e-waste of computer devices produced by 19 stores in a computer service center of Makassar City. Analysis of this study is based on Indonesian Government Regulation No. 101 of 2014 on the Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste. The results of this study showed that the generation of e-waste from a computer service centre was 4.340 kg/store/day with 60.34% of plastic, 23.88% of metal, 7.81% of metal and plastic, 4.18% of metal and rubber, 3.62% of glass and 0.17% of rubber. Material flows of e-waste generation in the computer service centre are divided into sold to e-waste collectors, kept in stores, brought back by customers, and disposed of, with 38.69%, 30.75%, 26.55%, and 4.01%, respectively. Moreover, specific e-waste management needs to be done by segregating the e-waste from other types of waste by arranging waste transport time and providing a special disposal site.
Analysis of infrastructure needs and operational systems for traditional market solid waste management (A case study on Makassar – Niaga Daya traditional market)
Authors: Mangarengi N A P , Zubair A , Abdurrahman M A
Published: February 2020

Municipal authorities in developing countries face a challenge in managing solid waste. The challenging is mainly due to the increasing generation of waste that is not followed by the improvement of infrastructure and operational systems. The city of Makassar has also experienced the problem. Solid waste, especially in the traditional market, has not adequately managed, resulting in a complex waste management issue. The study is purposely to calculate the volume of solid waste generation and to assess the infrastructure and management systems, including trash cans, collection, temporary solid waste disposal in the form of container and transportation. The results show as follows: The total volume of Niaga Daya’s market solid waste is 9000 l/day. The infrastructure required is 600 pieces of trash cans in which every stall needs 1, four carts, and two containers, transporting solid waste once a day to landfill. Optimization solid waste operational activities will be maximized by adding the number of service rations, additional work time, adding labor, and increasing the number of temporary solid waste disposal and transportation.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plant for super-intensive shrimp farms (A case study on Punaga Village, Takalar)
Authors: Mangarengi N A P , Selintung M , Zubair A , Ahmad F
Published: February 2020

Wastewater becomes a problem if it is not appropriately treated. Shrimp farms are one of the examples of an industry that produces wastewater. Super Intensive farms usually have a high concentration of wastewater pollution and above the threshold required. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate wastewater changes from super-intensive farms to wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and evaluate the effectivity of WWTP to treat the wastewater. The study was done through laboratory texting (ex-situ) and field (in-situ). This type of research using the descriptive method, describing the characteristics that systematically determined. This study uses purposive sampling method and integrated sampling for six weeks in the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) unit and raw water from the reservoir of a super-intensive pond. Research has been conducted from May to June 2016. The result found that the effluent of wastewater from super-intensive farms tends to increase or contaminated with pollutants such as waste metabolites, un-eaten nutrient waste by fish, and waste detritus. Based on optimum standards of environmental sanitation by the Ministry of Health in 2011, it shows that the effectiveness is more likely to decrease the pollutant (already efficient: 60% < x = 80%). The effe ct ive ness o f TSS parameter is efficient enough by 63.4%, TN 60.0%, Phosphate (PO4) 59.21%, 64.07% BOD. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of TOM parameter based on the optimum standards allowed by the Ministry of Environment 51 2004 is 15.45%, which is inefficient (x = <20%); the parameter of pH is 3.67% and DO 17.01%. Both parameters of pH and DO are more likely to increase or quite efficient. According to KEP28 / MEN / 2004 regarding Shrimp Effluent Quality standards and the results bioassay test, there were 100% of Survival Rate (SR), and it was in good condition for the medium term for 96 hours (4 days).
Investigation of CO emissions on alternative car free day roads in the city of Makassar
Authors: Zakaria R , Pasra M , Herliani
Published: February 2020

Car Free Day is a movement to reduce the level of air pollution in big cities around the world caused by the emission load of vehicles. The event gives motorists and commuters an idea of their locality with fewer cars. Vehicles produce CO emissions from the fuel combustion process. This research was conducted on alternative roads in 3 Car Free Day locations in Makassar City, which are 1) Boulevard with an alternative road Ance Daeng Ngoyo, 2) Sudirman with an alternative road Karunrung and 3) Losari Beach with an alternative road Hj. Saleh Daeng Tompo. Analysis of measurement data using the method of the number of vehicles and Indonesia’s emission factors and Indian emission factors. The results of the study show that the CO emission load on Jl. Ance Daeng Ngoyo and Jl. Karunrung, when Car Free Day (Sunday) is smaller than Non Car Free Day (Monday) while on Jl. Hj Saleh Daeng Tompo when Car Free Day (Sunday) is greater than Non Car Free Day (Monday). The results of statistical tests also showed that there were no significant differences when Car Free Day (Sunday) and Non Car Free Day (Monday).
Investigation of CO emissions on school areas based on Caline-4
Authors: Aly S H , Amiruddin A A , Winardhy D Y
Published: February 2020

The school located near the city’s main transportation line at first profitable for the school because the location is easy to reach. From the location of the school is considered strategic but not fit with convenience of studying in school, the problem arises that the location close to the main road tends to have a higher level of air pollution and leads to impact the students at school. The purpose of this research is to know the level of carbon monoxide at the school area uses modelling CALINE-4 and the pattern of distribution of emission CO at school area with CALINE-4. This research was done in three locations for three days namely MAN 2 Model Makassar, SMA Negeri 11 Makassar and SMP Negeri 4 Makassar. Analysis of the distribution of Carbon Monoxide CO emissions using Caline 4. The largest result of Carbon Monoxide (CO) pollutants in MAN 2 Model Makassar at 05:00 pm, namely the b receptor is beside the school at as much as 9 ppm. In SMAN 11 Makassar, the biggest carbon monoxide (CO) pollutant was at 07:00 pm the two receptors in front of the school as much as 2.2 ppm. And in SMPN 4 Makassar, the biggest carbon monoxide (CO) pollutant was at 06:00 am the receptor in front of the school as much as 3.1 ppm. The pattern of distribution of CO concentration is influenced by the wind speed and wind direction affecting the pattern of the distribution of these pollutants. The faster the wind blows, the spread of pollutants is faster with a wide range.
Laboratory study on the effect of leachate type to swelling behavior of bentonite
Authors: Sari K , Ridwan I , Lando A T
Published: February 2020

Bentonite is well known as highly plastic, swelling clay material, the product of volcanic ash. An experimental test of the effect of leachate type on swelling behavior of bentonite has been conducted. Four types of liquids, tap water, 10 g/l of NaCl solution, 11.1 g/l of CaCl2 solution, and 100 ml/l of ethanol solution were used in the tests. Liquid limit, plastic limit, free swelling index, and swelling pressure tests were carried out to evaluate the relative swelling ability of bentonite when interacted with different leachate types. The result of free swelling tests indicated bentonite swelled higher when interacted with tap water and ethanol solution compare with NaCl solution and CaCl2 solution as a liquid. The value of liquid limit and plastic limit of bentonite for ethanol solution and CaCl2 solution were highest and lowest among liquid tested, respectively. The result also showed that bentonite has the highest swelling pressure when contacted with tap water but opposite for NaCl solution.
Study of correlation between noise and disturbance to workers in the Soekarno Hatta Area of Makassar
Authors: Hustim M , Adisasmita S A , Alifiadi R
Published: February 2020

Soekarno Hatta Port, located in Makassar City, is one of the largest ports in Indonesia. Activities with a tight schedule at this port are giving many impacts on the surrounding environment, one of them is noise. This study aims to analyze, predict and to map noise levels in the Soekarno Hatta port area and find out the correlation between noise and disturbance to workers. This study has seven observation points in the work environment and the environment of port interests, which are divided into 3 zones. The study was conducted on 29 November 2018 and 6 - 7 December 2018. The results showed that the average noise level was 75.1 dB. This figure has exceeded the noise threshold set in Minister of Environment No.48 in 1996. Predicted results using the 2008 ASJ RTN model show a large difference with the noise measured, which is 64.5 dB without horn sound and 64.7 dB with sound horn. Contour depiction and noise distribution mapping using Surfer 12 program which represents red, yellow and green contours for the highest to lowest noise levels. For the relationship between noise and interference with workers, it was analyzed using the SPSS program through a questionnaire distributed to 32 respondents. The results show a correlation coefficient of 0.398 and a significance of 0.024 which means that the disturbance in workers has a relationship with the noise level in the workplace.
Concentration of cao catalyst from chicken eggshell in transesterification process of pangi seed oil biodiesel
Authors: Hamzah F H , Zalfiatri Y , Hamzah N
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research was to obtain best consentration of CaO catalyst chicken eggshell in transesterification process on quality of biodiesel produced from pangi seed oil. The treatment of CaO catalyst concentrations in this research was S1 (1%), S2 (1.5%), S3 (2%), S4 (2.5%), and S5 (3%). The collected data were statistically analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) continued by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) test at 5% level. The parameters observed were acid value, density, iodium value, saponification value, and cetana number. The results of analysis showed that consentration of CaO catalyst chicken eggshell gave unsignificantly affect on acid value and cetana number but significantly affect on density, iodium value, and saponification value of biodiesel. The chosen treatment in this research was S5 (CaO catalyst 3%). The treatment of S5 has yield 97.99% with characteristics acid value 0.68 mg KOH/g, density 885.22 kg/m3, iodium value 81.41 g I2/100 g, saponification value 179.00 mg KOH/g, and cetana number 58.48.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.
Rice crop phenology analysis during rendeng season using remote sensing data: an EVI-2 ratio approach of Aceh Besar regency rice field
Authors: Sugianto Sugianto , Adinda Riska , Rusdi Muhammad , Basri Hairul , Syakur  , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: February 2020

Information about rice phase growth is essential forpredicting of rice production, and to ensure food security program, especially during Rendeng season of rice field. The use of remote sensing data is very helpful in the process of determining the phases of plant growth. Information about the condition of the rice plant is very important to be able to estimate the growth phases and the planting season that fittingwithin the control of the production results of the rice field. This research aims to analyze phenology of rice crops during Rendeng season using remote sensing data by utilizing EVI-2 ratio. The methods used in this research is a descriptive method of quantitative interpretation with Landsat 8 OLI data. Classification on phenology phase was carried out fro the selected area of Aceh Besar District, Aceh. Results show that phenology cycle of rice crop during Rendengseason vary, ranging from low greenness to high greenness. The total area for each phase of growth also varies, with peak area occur in January. There are cyclical differences of different rice plant phenology in the Rendeng in Aceh Besar District. The differences of planting times by the farmers resulted in the existence of the value of the EVI-2 ratio variation in the area. January is the higher values of the greenness of rice crop then drop to February to March. The value of the ratio of EVI-2 experience increases with the total area of rice plant in accordance with the phases of growth of the rice plant.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.
Resistant mechanisms of red jabon seedlings (Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb.) Havil.) against Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. causing dieback diseases
Authors: Yanti L A , Achmad  , Khumaida N
Published: February 2020

Anthocephalusmacrophyllus (Roxb.) Havil. seedlings are the most preferred plant for nursery because they have a lot of benefits. Further, its benefits can increase economic prosperity of this plant. The main problem in nursery of forestry plants is pest and disease attacks. The disease that is a focus on this research is dieback disease. The dieback disease is caused by Botryodiplodiatheobromae Pat. that may lead the host plant to death. Every plant has its resistant mechanisms to pathogen attacks both before and after pathogen attacks. This research aims: (1) to study B. theobromaeattack with wounded and non-wounded stem infection methods on red jabon seedlings; (2) to study resistant mechanism of red jabon seedlings both in structural and biochemical resistance against B. theobromae attacks. The structural resistance was done by studying the microscopic stem of the red jabon seedlings, which was conducted through scanning electron microscope. While, the biochemical resistance was done by studying the chemical compounds of red jabon seedlings’ stem using phytochemistry analysis. Red jabon seedlings had the structure of trychomaes on the epidermis and necrotic resistance as structural resistance before and after pathogen attacked, respectively. Red jabon seedlings also had secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, phenol hydroquinone, tannin, saponin, triterpenoids and steroids. Biochemical resistance of red jabon seedling after pathogen attacks showed the increase of accumulation of phenolic compounds as phenol hydroquinone and tannin and the increase of accumulation of triterpenoids and steroids compounds.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.
Preliminary study of entomopathogenic fungi from termite nests
Authors: Lisa O , Hanum S , Samingan S , Bahi M , Alfizar A , Fitri L , Novita N , Syakur S , Sutekad D , Syaukani S
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop inventory system of potentially entomopathogenic fungi from the termites’ nests at Seulawah Ecosystem, Aceh, Indonesia. The identification and pathogenicity test of the entomopathogenic fungi were conducted at Zoology and Microbiology Laboratories, Syiah Kuala University. We found that a potential entomopathogenic fungus, Aspergilus sp., from nest of termite (Nasutitermes spp.). Laboratory studies have shown that this entomopathogenic fungus affected to control termite Coptotermes sp. Aspergillus fungus has a great potency to be applied as a biological control agent against the termite.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.
A comparative study of sensory quality of sie reuboh (an Acehnese cooked meat) based on its cooking ware
Authors: Hasni D , Nilda C , Yusriana  , Annabila D I , Asna Y Y
Published: February 2020

Sie reuboh is a traditional festive cuisine from Aceh Besar district – Aceh Province. Sie reuboh named by Acehnese for a 2:1 comparison of red-meat and separated beef tallow boiled with palm vinegar and blended spices. It reported having a long shelf life, exquisite of taste and flavor. Normally, Acehnese cooks this cuisine with traditional clay pot. As cooking utensil, clay pot is vulnerable to breakage and has slow heat propagation compared to stainless steel pot which has long usage and good heat conductor. This study aims to compare the quality of produced siereuboh based on its sensory quality (Hedonic and Qualitative Descriptive Analysis = QDA) and consumer acceptance by hedonic test. Sie reuboh was cooked in two types of cooking ware (earth clay pot and stainlesssteelpot) in four times repetitions. The obtained data is statistical analyzed with ANOVA and DMRT. The results showed that sie reuboh cooked with stainless steel pot is preferable in terms of color, aroma, flavor (P≤0,01) than one cooked with clay pot. Furthermore, the QDA showed that from ten examined attributes, brightness, sour and spicy aroma and umami flavor of sie reuboh cooked with stainless steel has higher notes (P≤0,01) than other treatment. As conclusion, it can be stated that stainless steel provides sie reuboh with better sensory properties and higher consumer liking.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.
The workload of rice harvester in Java Indonesia
Authors: Mulyati G T , Maksum M , Purwantana B , Ainuri M
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine the workload of rice harvesters in different harvesting technologies and find ways to reduce the physical workload. The physical workload is shown by the magnitude of a worker’s heart rate at work. The linear regression model is used to identify the independent variables that affect the workload dependent-variable. Heart rate and body temperature as the dependent variable are thought to be influenced by independent variables such as age, Body Mass Index, ambient temperature and humidity, and noise. Statistically the workload of workers in the manual harvest method is at the medium level, while the semi-mechanical and mechanical methods are at a low workload level. Factor that play a role in the physical workload of all harvesters is environmental temperature. To reduce the physical workload of manual workers by combining four alternative solutions, wearing red or blue clothes, using harvest tents, drink a lot, and using ergonomic tools.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.
Effect of fruit size, solvent and extraction methods on resin extractability of Daemonorops sp. (jernang)
Authors: Sulaiman M I , Nasrianti N , Andini R , Darmadi  , Erika C
Published: February 2020

Dragon blood is a red color resin exuded from the fruit of rattan species of Daemonorops sp. The plants are mainly found in the rain forest of South-Eastern Asia, particularly Sumatera and Malaysian Peninsula. The resin has been used since ancient times in the Chinese medicines as hemostatic, antidiarrhetic, antiulcer, antimicrobial, wound healing, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. It is used also as a coloring agent for ceramic industry. Besides its huge benefits, there is only little information about postharvest handling of Daemonorops’ fruit. This study explained the effect of solvent type, fruit size, and traditional handling methods of Daemonorops’ fruits in order to extract the highest amount of resin. The results showed that eluent strength had played a determining role during the resin extraction process; ranging from the strongest to the weakest was ethanol-chloroform-, and hexane, consecutively. Regarding fruit sizes, the smaller the fruits; the higher the amount of extracted resin was obtained. The relationship between fruit size and extractable resin was negative exponential. Among the three types of processing methods in terms of the yield of extracted resin, the direct extraction of fruits was more pronounced compared to the other two traditional handling methods, namely the dry and the wet ones. The results highlighted that better understanding on the postharvest handling; particularly improved of extraction method is a key in the production of dragon blood resin.
Yields of maize (Zea mays l.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea l.) in intercropping system treated by bokashi plus fertilizer under early growth of teak plantation in Napabalano District, Muna Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Karimuna L , Halim  , Ansi A , Marfi W E , Samaruddin L
Published: February 2020

The main objective of this paper was to describe and to analyse the effects of improved agroforestry system through the use of biotechnology bokashi plus fertilizer on the yields of intercropped maize and peanut characteristics in order to maintain biological diversity in agriculture simile forestry ecosystem and to improve the agriculture production to meet human needs in Lambiku, Pentiro and Bonea villages, Napabalano District, Muna Regency. Biotechnology bokashi plus fertilizer produced by local farmers. Three locations as the demonstration plot at the farmers land was selected to search the growth and yields performances of intercropped maize and peanut under improved agroforestry system of early growth of teak trees treated by the application of various doses of bokashi plus fertilizer. Closed canopy resulted in improved agroforestry practice might contribute to prevent direct rain precipitation to soil and decrease soil erosion as well as to maintain biological diversity. The yields of maize and peanut were recorded and analysed using analyses of variances (ANOVA). The results showed that the higher doses of biotechnology bokashi plus fertilizer produce the higher yields of maize and peanut at one to two years of teak plantation trees, while the further age of teak trees, the suppress the growth and yields performances of maize and peanut if there was no pruning of teak branches and leaves occurred. This was indicated that improved agroforestry system through the arrangement of intercropped maize and peanut under early growth of teak trees might sustain agricultural crops production for maize and peanut yields.
Morphological characteristics of Simeulu buffalo in Simeulue District of Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sari E M , Haliman N , Abdullah M A N
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the morphological characteristics of Simeulue buffalo in Simeulue district of Aceh Province, Indonesia, the reason is because the lack of morphological data of simeulue buffalo. This research used survey method in ten villages within Simeulue district, namely: Ujung Salang, Along, Panten Lawe, Mutiara, Padang Unoi, Karya Bakti, Tamon Jaya, Meunafa, Jaya Baru and Tameng. The material consisted of fifty Simeulue buffaloes aged 3-7 years (25 male and 25 female). Determination of buffalo samples is done by simple random sampling method. The collected data was analyzed using a frequency table, averaged, and standard deviations. The parameters observed were: (a) chest circumference; (b) shoulder heigth; (c) body length; (d) chest width; and (e) hip height. The results showed that the mean of chest circumference for female and male Simeulue buffalo was 173.08 ± 8.99 and 165.68 ± 0.14, shoulder heigth was 122.33 ± 0.33 and 118 ± 1.44, body length was 125.54 ± 0.96 and 120 ± 1.16, chest width was 37.32 ± 4.09 and 34.28 ± 2.34, hip height was 118.05 ± 1.40 and 114.32 ± 1.07, respectively. It can be conclude that the average body measurements of the Simeulue buffalo are classified as medium size both male and female. The body sizes of the male Simeulue buffalo are larger than those of the female Simeulue buffalo. The average body size of Simeulue buffalo is not much different from the body size of several types of buffalo outside Simeulue Island.