bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity and degree of endoparasite infection in IPB-D1 chickens raised with free-range system
Authors: Lase J A , Estuningsih S , Afnan R , Wulandari Z , Sartika T , Rafian T , Sumantri C
Published: July 2024

This study was to determine the type and degree of endoparasite infection in the feces of free-range IPB-D1 chickens, as basic science in the formation of endoparasite-resistant local chickens that are in accordance with the maintenance system and behavior of Indonesian farmers. The materials of this study were 46 feces of 18-week-old IPB-D1 chickens collected from different rearing management, 23 feces from intensive system and 23 feces from free-range system cages. Chickens had been reared for 14 weeks in each system. The examination was performed quantitatively using the Mc. Master technique. The results showed that Ascaridia galli eggs were detected in 17.39% of the samples of intensive and 65.22% of the samples of free-range, Capillaria annulata eggs were detected in 21.74% of the samples of intensive and 95.65% of the samples of free-range, Cestoda class worm eggs were detected in 13.04% of the samples of intensive and 8.70% of the samples of free-range, and protozoan oocysts were detected in 78.26% of the samples of intensive and 91.30% of the samples of free-range. Based on the results of the research, it can be claimed that IPB-D1 chickens with free-range rearing system had more worm and protozoa infections compared to intensive rearing system.
The potential of bioactive forage legumes for ruminant production in temperate and tropical areas: A One health approach
Authors: Niderkorn V , Yanza Y R , Jayanegara A
Published: July 2024

Nutritional strategies are the most evident and natural methods to integrate ruminant production systems in the One health approach, aiming at the simultaneous protection of the health of humans, animals and the environment. Among these strategies, the use of forage legumes containing some bioactive compounds (mainly phenols, terpenes and alkaloids) is particularly promising as they have shown potential benefits in multiple dimensions throughout the ruminant production chain. In addition to be protein-rich resources, they have been shown to decrease nitrogen fertilization, reduce methane emissions and urinary nitrogen excretion, have anthelmintic and antioxidant activities improving health status of animals, and can improve product quality through their fatty acid profile and oxidative stability. Bioactive legumes are present both in temperate and tropical areas, but their use could be different as the compounds of interest could be of different nature and in different concentrations. Interdisciplinary and transnational research projects could provide a considerable opportunity to share knowledge in this field and to propose global innovative solutions for ruminant nutrition in the future.
Extraction of virgin deep-sea fish oil (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum and Ruvettus pretiosus) and their potential as immunostimulants
Authors: Suseno S H , Nugraha R , Sari G N , Ramadhan W , Nurjannah F , Arifah A U , Adha A S A
Published: July 2024

Escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum) and oilfish (Ruvettus pretiosus) are by-catches of tuna and classified as deep-sea fish that are able to occupy a depth of 200 meters under ocean level. These fish are able to be used as a fount of fish oil (FO) production due to their high fat content, up to 13.30%. This research objectives to determine fat content, oil yield, fatty acid (FA) profiles, oxidation parameters, and the potential of deep-sea FO as immunostimulants agent by in vitro method. The research method employed was wet lab-based, encompassing the extraction of deep-sea fish oil using the wet rendering method at a temperature of 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C for 1 hour utilizing a water bath. The extracted oil yield was quantified, and its potential as an immunostimulant was identified through an in vitro MTT assay. The dominant FA in escolar and oilfish were oleic acid (C18:1n-9c) 26.85% (w/w) and 23.02% (w/w), respectively. Splenocyte proliferation activity showed that oilfish and escolar FO were able to raise splenocyte proliferation, so they got the potential to act as immunostimulants.
The effect of Curcuma xanthorrhiza addition in the post transportation ram diet
Authors: Lim M S , Astuti D A , Sujarnoko T U P
Published: July 2024

The process of livestock transportation causes stress, which affects physiological conditions, reduce body weight and meat quality. The following consequences must be addressed immediately, so recovery needs to be carried out more quickly. Curcuma xanthorrhiza is a plant that contains curcumin compounds and essential oils, so it can improve metabolic performance and increase consumption. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Curcuma in the diet on post-transport recovery of ram. This study used 15 rams with 12 – 14 months of age and body weight (19.72±2.06 kg), which were divided into 3 treatments with 5 groups in a randomized block design. The parameters that were tested are body weight loss, nutrient consumption, performance, and metabolite blood profile. The data was analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and significantly different treatments were tested with Duncan multiple range test using IBM SPSS 25 software. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect (p>0,05) on all parameters. The recovery time after 9 days observation had a significant effect (p<0,01) on glucose, and blood urea nitrogen. The conclusion of this study is adding Curcuma up to 2% to diet has not been able to accelerate the recovery yet of post transportation rams.
Study of maize endophytes worldwide-analyzing and mapping by bibliometric approach
Authors: Syahri  , Giyanto  , Mutaqin K H
Published: July 2024

No global summary of maize endophyte publication exists. It’s hard to elaborate on global data because the provided information is localized. This study examined maize endophyte research and its future insight. Six hundred-three papers related to the topic were downloaded from Scopus. Parameters were computed using Excel 2016, whereas bibliometric analysis used VOSviewer. Co-occurrence, co-authorship, and citation were the three primary types of analysis. Kolmogorov-Smirnov determined the author’s Lotka’s Law productivity. This study found that the cumulative number of publications followed a linear model from 1966 to 1991; however, later, the model followed an exponential curve. The most comprehensive research on maize endophytic topics is in Agricultural and Biological Sciences (34.3%). The US published 203 documents, followed by China and Brazil. The most published author is Bacon CW, who has published 23 papers. The distribution of the author’s productivity conforms to Lotka’s Law. The bibliometric map showed fungal, bacterial, and endophyte microbiology clusters. The result showed that the study on maize endophytic fungi was smaller than bacterial species. Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter sp. are the popular studied bacteria endophytes, while Beauveria bassiana dominates fungal. In addition, future research trends will concentrate on “fungi endophytes” and “effect on seed mycorrhiza.”
Unearthing ecological sustainability: a study on farmer behavior and the adoption of sustainable rice cultivation practices in Kendayakan Village, Indonesia
Authors: Sarwoprasodjo S , Wiyono S , Abdullah S , Rahayu A
Published: July 2024

Ecological agricultural practices serve as a promising method for the conservation of natural resources. Techniques such as crop rotation, cover cropping, and organic farming play a pivotal role in preserving soil fertility, preventing erosion, and minimizing the reliance on synthetic inputs. The establishment and maintenance of healthy soils are essential for the long-term sustainability of agriculture. This study delves into ecological rice cultivation practices and explores the intricate relationship between farmers’ behavioral factors and the adoption of such practices. Conducted in Kendayakan Village, Terisi District, Indramayu Regency. The research involved surveying 60 farmers through accidental sampling techniques. Data collection encompassed farmer characteristics, behavioral factors, and rice cultivation practices. The analysis of the application level of ecological agricultural practices included both descriptive examination and testing using Spearman Rank correlation. The study revealed a moderate level of ecological agriculture application among farmers, particularly in areas such as incorporating straw into the farming system, tillage, and plant pest control. These practices showed a lack of adherence to ecological principles in cultivation. A positive correlation indicates that as motivation and the ability to act increase, the likelihood of applying ecological rice cultivation also increases. On the other hand, internal factors among farmers, including motivation, capacity to act, social norms, and land preparation, demonstrated a positive correlation with the components of ecological agriculture in rice cultivation. To promote sustainable agriculture practices, it is recommended that communication campaigns be developed with a focus on motivational messages, address barriers, and enhance participation in ecological rice cultivation, especially in land preparation and incorporating straw into the soil.
Termite attack on succession forest plants at Soraya Research Station, Leuser Ecosystem, Sumatra
Authors: Iqbar  , Djufri  , Darusman  , Rahmadani  , Anjelia V , Bessania M A , Syaukani
Published: July 2024

Termites are one of the social insects that play a significant role in the decomposition process in tropical forests. This arthropod not only attacks dead plants but also live plants. Information on termite attacks on plants in tropical forests is still very scarce in Indonesia, especially in regenerating forests. This study aims to reveal the role of termites in infesting plants in Soraya Research Station Forest, Leuser Ecosystem. Plant data collection using sampling plots and termites. Data collection using a standardized sampling protocol will be analyzed by descriptive analysis. We found 37 families, 59 genera, and 90 species of plants. Dipterocarpaceae, Meliaceae, Anacardiaceae, Ebenaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, and Myristicaceae are dominant plant families in the forest. Plant strata attacked by termites include trees, poles, and saplings. Shorea multiflora (Burck) and Streblus elongatus (Miq.) are the most dominant living plant-attacked species. This study also describes the preferences of termite attacks on different plant species in the Soraya Regeneration Forest.
Suitability assessment of a volcanic endorheic lake for aquaculture
Authors: Rustini H A , Sapei A , Riani E , Machfud  , Sunaryani A , Santoso A B , Nomosatryo S , Setiawan F , Rahmadya A
Published: July 2024

Lake Batur, a volcanic endorheic lake, has been utilized for aquaculture. In 2013, the regional authorities of Bangli Regency designated the Lake Batur area as a Minapolitan, allocating it for aquaculture development within a specified limit of 5% of the lake’s surface. However, a mere five years post-designation, research emerged revealing the lake’s incapacity to sustain aquaculture operations exceeding 1% of its area. This study delves into an assessment of Lake Batur’s suitability for aquaculture, utilizing pre-regulation water quality data and employing the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment (CCME) Water Quality Index (WQI). Key water quality parameters, including pH, dissolved oxygen, unionized ammonia, nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, orthophosphate, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total dissolved solids, were considered. The findings unequivocally indicate that the lake’s water quality renders it unsuitable for aquaculture. Additionally, this paper examine the imminent threats posed by aquaculture development in the Lake Batur region.
Physiological and behavioural responses of Ongole-cross and Simmental-cross cattle at local farm in Lampung Tengah District
Authors: Lanan H A , Suprayogi A , Satrija F , Atabany A , Muladno  , Subangkit M , Tarigan R
Published: July 2024

The physiological status and productivity of beef cattle in tropical regions are influenced by their adaptation to hot and humid environments. This study aimed to measure and compare the physiological and behavioural characteristics of Ongole-cross and Simmental-cross breeds and examine their correlation with environmental temperature. Physiological indicators, including rectal temperature, breathing rate, and pulse frequency, along with the duration of specific activities such as locomotion, lying, eating, and rumination, were systemically collected from five male Ongole-cross and five male Simmental-cross cows. Based on the calculation of the average temperature humidity index (THI), all cows experienced moderate environmental stress. As homeothermic animals, rectal temperature did not correlate with ambient temperature in both breeds. Conversely, a strong correlation between respiration rate and environmental temperature was measured in both both breeds. In addition, the correlation between pulse rate and environmental temperature was strong and weak in Simmental-cross and Ongole-cross breeds, respectively. Both breeds exhibited a significantly longer duration of rumination during the night than during the daytime. Notably, the Ongole-cross breed displayed an extended duration of eating during the daytime. In conclusion, the Simmental-cross breed demonstrated a more robust physiological and behavioural responses, indicating their thermoregulatory compensation under a moderate environmental stress.
Papaya extract as a prebiotic strengthens the inhibitory activity of lactobacillus against the growth of pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Rahminiwati M , Aprilia E , Wiendarlina IY , Affif U , Najwa CC A
Published: July 2024

The flesh leaves, and seeds of papaya contain carbohydrates and dietary fiber that were suggested capable of being metabolized by intestinal microbiota such as L. casei and L. plantarum to produce beneficial secondary metabolites for body health. The effect of papaya flesh, leaf, and seed extracts on L. plantarum and L. casei growth and the synbiotic effect of papaya flesh extract with L. plantarum on the growing of S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa in this study, was investigated. Diffusion of paper discs impregnated with various concentrations of the extract was utilized to determine the bacterial growth zone of L. casei, and solid media to calculate the total bacterial population in co-feeding L. plantarum and P. aeruginosa or with S. aureus and E. coli in the presence of papaya flesh extract to determine its synbiotic effect. All extracts increase the growth of L. casei and L. plantarum bacteria. Synbiotic papaya flesh extract suppresses the bacterial growth of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and E. coli in a concentration-dependent manner. It is concluded that papaya is a promising prebiotic source, to strengthen the effect of L. plantarum to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
Assessment of antidiabetic activity of Zingiber officinale and Cajanus cajan leaf extracts in the alloxan-diabetic rats
Authors: Wresdiyati T , Sa’diah S , Aziz S A , Darawati M , Alfarisi H
Published: July 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition marked by heightened levels of blood glucose, also known as hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia leads to oxidative stress, which promotes some complications, both microangiopathy and macroangiopathy impairments. This study assesses the antidiabetic activity of Z. officinale (ginger) and C. cajan (pigeon pea) leaf extracts in alloxan-diabetic rats. This study used 25 male rats. Rats were allocated into five groups: negative control group (C), diabetes mellitus group (DM), DM treated with glibenclamide (G), DM treated with ginger (60 mg/kg BW) and pigeon pea leaf (300 mg/kg BW) extract (E1), DM treated with ginger (125 mg/kg BW) and pigeon pea leaf (300 mg/kg BW) extract (E2). 110 mg/kg BW alloxan was used to induce diabetic conditions in rats. The administrations were given for a duration of 28 days. The E1 group showed the best results in parameters of antidiabetic and hypoglycemic activity, and it significantly increased body weight, insulin level, and the number of beta cells in diabetic rats. This study suggested that Z. officinale and C. cajan leaf extracts could be used as antidiabetic agents for producing such functional food or drinks for controlling and maintaining blood glucose levels.
In Silico Study of Avocado Leaves (Persea americana Mill.) as Inhibitor of Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis
Authors: Purwono RM , Syafitri M , Widyastuti R , Prasetyo BF , Andrianto D , Maulidia DAEC
Published: July 2024

Urolithiasis, also known as kidney stones, is a disorder when mineral deposits in urinary tract crystallize and stick together. The presence of kidney stones may lead to renal failure along with systemic disorders. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) has been reported as a potential medication for anti-urolithiasis. Therefore, in this study, we aim to achieve an in silico study analysis of the bioactive compound responsible for anti-urolithiasis activity (glycolate oxidase enzyme inhibitor) from avocado leaves. The molecular interactions and inhibition potency were evaluated using AutoDock software, while the ligands of toxicity prediction were evaluated using admetSAR software. The result showed that oxoassonine (ΔG -8.4 Ccal/mol) is the most potentially bioactive compound from avocado leaf that is possible to inhibit the glycolate oxidase enzyme with the lowest toxicity potential.
Optimizing Food Resources: Empowering Households Through Effective Food Management for Enhanced Food Security
Authors: Swamilaksita PD , Baliwati YF , Martianto D , Briawan D
Published: July 2024

The issue of food waste is being widely discussed in national and international forums and its relationship to healthy diets and environmental impacts with implications for food security and hunger. Data shows that the average household consumer throws away nearly 1 kg/day. Reducing food waste has significant direct economic and nutritional impacts at the household level. Food management behaviors that need to be improved to reduce FW include making nutrition plans, making grocery lists, proper storage, proper processing, and optimal food consumption (zero waste). This research explores strategies to empower households through food resource optimization. The method used in the research is literature review. Based on a search through PubMed using the keywords food waste food security household, 104 articles were obtained and 6 articles were then selected for further research. The results show that food wastage tends to occur in households experiencing food insecurity because the expenditure of poor households is mostly aimed at buying staple foods. Socioeconomic status is still the main key to high food insecurity, so redistributing leftover food to those in need can certainly improve food security for people with low socioeconomic status. Actions that need to be taken by households to reduce food waste include food waste management.
The potential of bromelain enzyme as a safe anthelmintic and minimume residues for livestock commodities
Authors: Fudhola F R , Ridwan Y , Purwono RM
Published: July 2024

Livestock are very important as a source of food products of of animal protein source for the Indonesian people. Worm infections are an infectious disease can reduce production, quality of animal health and cause hemorrhagic lesions in the intestinal mucosal layer during migration in the tissue phase and blockages often occur if the number of worms is so large that the food absorption process is disrupted. The use of anthelmintics requires attention to the incidence of target worm resistance to the drugs used. This is important because the incidence of anthelmintic resistance is a topic and is a problem of concern throughout the world and also needs to consider residues in food products of animal origin. Bromelain is a proteolytic sulphihydryl fraction components are peroxide, acid phosphatase and several protease inhibitors to play an important role in the antihelminthic effect. In silico molecular docking analysis using USF Chimera, Protox and Swiss Docking show that bromelain has anthelmintic potential which works as a destroyer of the cuticular tegument of parasitic walls and is able to bind to astekolin in nematode worms. Bromelain can be used as an anthelmintic compound in the future that is safe and free of residue in foods of animal origin.
Prototyping Field-Based Learning via Agro-Eco-Edu-Tourism
Authors: Perdinan  , Imran Z , Ardiansyah R , Widayanti S , Sugiarto S W , Rosita R , Asnan T A W , Nugraha H C , Basuki D S O , Bahri S , Yusmur A , Marlinda S , Supriyanto  , Febriana R , Lastiah S , Tjahjandarie T S
Published: July 2024

As an alternative tourism, ecotourism is defined as the traveling activity to the natural areas responsibly involves preserving the environment, supporting local economies, and providing interpretation and education. The aim of ecotourism is to ensure the connectivity of tourism and conservation. This concept of ecotourism is employed to develop and design the prototype of Agro-Eco-Edu-Tourism (AEET) at SEAMEO BIOTROP. AEET combines agro-, eco-, and edu-tourism with aiming to promote agricultural product, environmental conservation, and learning package to increase the community’s skills and well-being in implementing the concept of AEET. The development of learning prototypes is crucial and plays an important role as the field-based learning model for the users or visitors. For this needs, SEAMEO BIOTROP develops five prototypes that can be a model for the “off class” education, where the visitors can learn about biodiversity out of their classroom. The developed prototypes are Aquatic Garden, Stingless Bee Garden, Sensory and Therapeutic Garden, Smart-Agriculture Hydroponic, and BIOTROP Science and Technology Expo. The development of those prototypes is expected to be the field-based learning model for biodiversity conservation education. The AEET is designed to become a “showcase” of biodiversity in Southeast Asia. The AEET can also be a great tool to educate public about biodiversity with a “fun” way as a bridge for connecting education and conservation aspects. This approach can be offered as an alternative way to educate the public about biodiversity conservation which is important to sustain the environmental earth.
Comparison of burn and incision wound healing in rat given crude extract of porcupine quill (Hystrix sp)
Authors: Agungpriyono S , Pristihadi D N , Sutardi L N , Prawira A Y , Farida W R , Dewi T I T
Published: July 2024

Delayed and impaired wound healing in burn and incisional wound can lead to scarring and may cause considerable distress to patients. In line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) particularly SDG no 3, the study of finding materials that accelerate skin wound healing and minimize the scarring of the wound became important field of study. In some regions in Indonesia, porcupine quills are used as a traditional medicine to heal wound and relieve pain by the traditional community. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the comparison between burn and incisional wound healing in rat using crude extract of porcupine quills as the natural compound. The results showed that crude extract of porcupine quills in gel base had positive effect on burn and incisional wound healing compared to those without treatment or in cream base. In addition, the crude extract of porcupine quills in gel base decreased the mortality rate in burn wounded rats, increased body weight, and contributed in quicker wound closure in burn and incisional wounded rats. Incisional wound closed quicker than in burn wound indicated by skin closure and full re-epithelization histologically. The burn wound healed more than 21 days, however, the administration crude extract of porcupine quills in gel base results in comparable rate of wound closure compared to commercial product. These findings indicated that crude extract of porcupine quill in gel base can improve the burn and incisional wound healing with less mortality.
Analysis of the sustainability level of using immunoglobulin Y (IgY) as antibiotic substitute
Authors: Hidayat R , Pasaribu F H , Mulatsih S , Amin A A
Published: July 2024

Broiler chickens are the highest source to fulfill animal protein consumption of the Indonesian people. The population of this type of chicken is very high because it does not require a large area in maintenance, has fast growth and good feed efficiency compared to other types of broiler poultry. Broiler farms generally use antibiotics as feed additives to trigger growth, increase body weight and improve the efficiency of food converted into meat. Antibiotics are also used for disease prevention and treatment, especially by commercial chicken farmers. Antibiotics used in livestock production account for about two-thirds of global antibiotic sales and consumption. The unwise use of antibiotics also increases the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance, especially in bacteria. This research goals to analyze the sustainability of using IgY affixes as a substitute for antibiotics in chicken feed. The results of the analysis are grouped based on the value of the sustainability level. The results of Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis using the RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries) analysis tool showed that the level of sustainability of IgY use was 66.49% with a quite sustainable category.
Insights into Stunting Policy Implementation: A Qualitative Analysis in Aceh Province
Authors: Rizal M , Damanik M , Muliadi T , Ahmad A
Published: July 2024

This study addresses the persistent issue of stunted growth among children below the age of five in Aceh Province, Indonesia, despite the government’s ongoing efforts to combat it through various policies. Employing qualitative methods such as interviews, document analysis, and observations, the research explores the discrepancy between the intended policy framework and the on-ground implementation of interventions. While some indicators align with national targets, specific and sensitive intervention indicators often fall short, emphasizing the need for more focused and aligned efforts in policy implementation. The study underscores the urgency for stringent budgetary monitoring, increased collaboration among stakeholders, and a targeted approach to enhance the efficacy and coverage of stunting reduction programs in Aceh. Ultimately, it highlights the necessity for better policy alignment and implementation to mitigate the challenge of stunting among children in the province.
Functional Cookies Based on Brown Rice (Oryza nivara) and Black Rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) as A Healthy Snack for Adolescent with Obesity
Authors: Estuti W , Kunaepah U , Adiyaksa J , Nasir S Q
Published: July 2024

The prevalence of obesity continues to increase, especially in the adolescent group. Functional food can be one of the solutions to overcome this problem. Development of functional cookies as snacks made from brown rice and black rice aimed at obese teenagers. This research aimed to obtain the best formula to develop functional cookies as snack made from brown rice and black rice aimed at obese teenagers based on organoleptic test. This research method used a randomized design with the substitution of wheat flour with brown and black rice into 4 formulations F1 (25%), F2 (50%), F3 (75%), and F4 (100%). The best formula were obtained at F4 for both for brown and black rice cookies. The nutritional content of black rice cookies (per 100 g) contains energy 110.4 kcal, protein 3.9 g, fat 3.9 g, moisture 6.6 g, carbohydrate 18 g, and fibre 4.2 g. Meanwhile for brown rice cookies (per 100 g) contains energy 142.2 kcal, protein 5.1 g, fat 4.2 g, moisture 9.0 g, carbohydrate 23.1 g, and fibre 0.3 g. These cookies made from brown and black rice can be a healthy snack alternative for obese teenagers.
Improving Body Weight, Serum Albumin and Total Protein of Undernourished Rat Model after Milks-Based and Fish-Soy-Based RUTF Intervention
Authors: Fadly K , Rimbawan R , Damayanthi E , Giriwono P E
Published: July 2024

Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) has been formulated to address severe acute malnourished (SAM) in children under five years old, but its efficacy in undernourished rat models should be assessed before human trials can be conducted. This research examined how RUTF with milk-based and fish-soy-based impacted body weight, serum albumin level, and total protein level in undernourished rats. Using a factorial randomized group design, 31 male Wistar rats were split into three intervention groups: control (standard diet), low protein (5%), and low protein energy (30%) diet restriction. After 21 days of inducing malnutrition, each group received randomly assigned milk-based or fish-soy-based RUTF. The findings revealed that both groups’ body weight, serum albumin, and total protein had significantly improved to normal ranges. Statistical analysis did not show significant differences between the two groups in terms of body weight (p = 0.904), serum albumin (p=0.645), and serum total protein (p=0.504). This study suggests that producing RUTF from local resources such as soybean and fish in Indonesia could improve the nutritional status of undernourished animal models, which can be further studied in human subjects.
Nutritional Profile of Locally Produced Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) for Severe Acute Malnourished Children in Indonesia
Authors: Rimbawan R , Nasution Z , Griwono P E , Tamimi K , Fadly K
Published: July 2024

Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is a lipid-based product used to treat severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children under five years old without clinical complications. In Indonesia, new RUTF formulas have been created using local protein sources, resulting in milk-based, legumes-based, fish-based, and soy-fish-based RUTFs. Among these, milk-based RUTF was the most preferred and was enhanced with a vitamin and mineral premix to meet WHO, UNICEF, and FAO standards. The nutrient content, including proximate composition, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids, was assessed using standardized methods. Safety was evaluated for mycotoxins, microorganisms, and heavy metals. The results indicated that the nutritional content met RUTF guidelines, with no heavy metal contamination and acceptable levels of mycotoxins and microorganisms. This study suggests that producing safe RUTF from local resources with high nutritional value is feasible and likely to be well-received by the local population, offering sustainable prospects.
Development of a 35 K single-stage coaxial pulse tube cryocooler
Authors: Wang Nailiang , Zhao Miguang , Lei Yilin , Liang Jingtao
Published: July 2024

A high-efficiency, single-stage coaxial pulse tube cryocooler has been developed for the purpose of operating at approximately 35 K, specifically targeting long-wavelength infrared detectors. The present study outlines the design considerations and discusses the optimizations made to the length of the regenerator. By conducting experimental investigations, the prototype of the cooler has successfully achieved a no-load temperature of 24 K. This was accomplished by incorporating an inertance tube and reservoir as the phase-shifter. By incorporating the double-inlet into the phase-shifter, it is possible to attain a lower temperature of 21 K. At present, the current cooler prototype demonstrates a cooling capacity of 2 W at 35 K with an input power of 200 W at a frequency of 37 Hz. Additionally, a comprehensive presentation of the key parameters and performance of the designed PTC is provided.
Using mylar-insulated cryopumping panels to improve vacuum level during warm temperature testing at JSC’s large thermal vacuum facilities
Authors: Gasior B , Owen J , Cui K , Song H , Homan J
Published: July 2024

Johnson Space Center’s Space Environment Simulation Lab (SESL) has both Chamber A, the world’s largest purpose-built thermal vacuum chamber capable of creating deep space conditions, and Chamber B, the largest human rated thermal vacuum chamber. A unique design feature of these chambers is the gaseous helium cryopumping panels within the liquid nitrogen shroud. This shroud is used to bring the chamber to cryogenic temperatures while the cryopumping panels trap gasses on its surface area to create a high vacuum environment of 5*10−6 Torr. In preparation for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) flight test, a series of functionals required the chamber to run at higher temperatures, and therefore did not need active cooling from the liquid nitrogen shroud. During testing, cryopumping panels were used to mitigate contamination during this main shroud warm-up. One of the cryopumping panels in Chamber A was covered with several layers of aluminized mylar to thermally protect the zone from the warmed shroud. This strategy was effective and became part of operations during JWST testing. Currently, Chamber B has requests for both commercial and NASA space suit tests at both high and low temperatures to validate thermal models. High temperature tests could benefit from reduced heater demand with an insulated shroud while still sustaining the high vacuum environment provided by the cryopumping panels. This paper will quantitatively define the thermal loads on the panels used in previous Chamber A warm up sequences. Additionally, this report will perform thermal analyses to assess the feasibility of adding layers of aluminized mylar to the cryopumping panels of Chamber B.
The simulation and experiments of a high frequency single stage pulse tube cryocooler with two cooled thermal sinks
Authors: Gao Min , Li Geyang , Feng Tianshi , Yang Bin , Quan Jia , Chen Houlei , Cai Jinghui , Zheng Maowen
Published: July 2024

In the application of infrared detectors, pulse tube cryocoolers are required to provide cooling power at different temperature ranges simultaneously with light weight and compact construction. In this paper, a single stage pulse tube cryocooler was designed to provide cooling power at different temperature ranges with an extra cooled thermal sink placed in the middle of the regenerator. The axial distribution of volume flow and pressure wave of cryocooler with middle heat exchanger and without middle heat exchanger were compared theoretically. To verify the simulation results, a series of experiments were carried out. As a result, the cooling power of cryocoolers with middle heat exchanger was decreased at 80 K, and 0.5 W @ 88.5 K & 0.5 W @ 195.8 K of cooling power was obtained simultaneously at 45 W input power.
Development of a cryogenic stepping motor using high-purity copper wire
Authors: Iida Teruhito , Matsumura Tomotake , Sakurai Yuki , Ghigna Tommaso , Hasebe Takashi , Hoang Thuong Duc , Katayama Nobuhiko , Takaku Ryota , Nakagawa Jun
Published: July 2024

We developed a stepping motor working in a cryogenic environment with minimal heat dissipation from it. While a cryogenic motor is commercially available, a user must prepare a cryogenic environment that can tolerate a large heat dump during the operation. We modified a commercial stepping motor (TAMAGAWA SEIKI CO., LTD) for room temperature usage. The components of the motor were replaced from a conventional electromagnetic wire to 6N high-purity copper and from aluminium chassis to a glass-fibre resign epoxy chassis. The former reduces the Joule heat, and the latter reduces the eddy current. In addition, the bearings have been replaced with ones with a dry lubricant. An iron yoke, a stack of iron core plates, is already introduced in the commercial motor to reduce an eddy current loss, and this was kept from the commercial design. The preliminary experiment was conducted at the temperature of 15 K using a GM cryocooler to estimate the heat dissipation on the motor. The results show that the electrical resistance of the high-purity copper wire at 15 K is 1950 times lower than at room temperature. We measured the total heat dissipation of the motor with the high-purity copper coils and compared it to the conventional one. The measured heat dissipation was reduced by about 40% when the motor rotation speed was 2.25 rpm. The Joule loss of the motor with a high-purity copper wire was about 20 times smaller than the conventional motor due to the reduction of the wire resistance. We also identified that the remaining heat dissipation is dominated by the component proportional to the rotational frequency, i.e., hysteresis or static friction from the bearing. This development was motivated by using a cryogenic stepping motor in a cryogenics space mission with limited active and passive cooling power.
Cooling method for the rotor of a superconducting motor
Authors: Caughley A J , Allpress N , Lumsden G , Rogers Rehn N , Gschwendtner M , Jeong S
Published: July 2024

Electrification has been proposed as a route to decarbonizing air travel. Conventional electric motors are too heavy to achieve the power densities required for aviation so superconducting motors for aircraft are being developed. Superconductors however, work at cryogenic temperatures, which indispensably require a reliable and efficient cooling mechanism with a cryocooler. The Robinson Research Institute is developing a 3 MW superconducting motor using an HTS (High Temperature Superconductor) rotor operating at 50 K and MgB2 running at near 20 K for the stator. The motor is intended to run at a shaft speed of 4500-6000 rpm to directly drive a ducted fan. A key challenge is the removal of heat from a cryogenic spinning rotor to a stationary refrigerator so it can be rejected at ambient temperatures. Previous motors have utilized externally pumped or thermos-syphoned cryogens to cool the rotor, which require complex rotary seals. The aircraft application demands a compact and low weight solution. This paper presents a novel cooling design where a stationary cryocooler’s cold heat exchanger penetrates the rotor, and the relative motion of the two creates a pumping motion for cold helium gas to transfer heat from the rotor to the cryocooler. The sealing is low pressure and at ambient temperature and pressure with a temperature gradient in the helium adjacent to the cryocooler regenerator. Design and CFD modelling of the concept are presented showing the system can generate sufficient cold helium flow to transfer heat from the rotor to the cryocooler with a small temperature difference, resulting in a compact, efficient, and low-weight rotor cooling method.
Thermal Modeling of CryoFILL liquefaction tests
Authors: Kashani A , Yamashita K , Grotenrath R , Hauser D , Balasubramaniam R , Johnson W
Published: July 2024

Proposed NASA missions to Moon and Mars involve producing cryogenic propellant in-situ to reduce launch mass and requirements. One technique for liquefaction of the gases produced through electrochemical processes is to circulate cold gaseous neon or helium through broad area cooling tubes attached to the outside of the propellant tanks. To determine the performance of this liquefaction process tests were conducted at NASA Glenn Research Center in a 2.1 cubic meter tank with a broad area cooling network (CryoFILL). A thermal/fluid model of the tank and its cooling loop is developed in Thermal Desktop. Details of the model and the model predictions and comparison to some of the experimental data from the CryoFILL liquefaction tests are presented here.
Conceptual cryostat design for cryogenic payload suspension studies for the Einstein Telescope
Authors: Koroveshi X , Rapagnani P , Mangano V , Stamm M , Grohmann S
Published: July 2024

The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a third generation gravitational wave detector, combining a low-frequency (LF) and a high-frequency (HF) laser interferometer. Cryogenic operation of ET-LF in the temperature range of 10 K to 20 K is essential to suppress the suspension thermal noise, which dominates the detection sensitivity at frequencies below 10 Hz. This requires suspension materials with high thermal conductivity and low mechanical dissipation at cryogenic temperatures. Two possible suspension concepts are currently considered, using either monocrystalline suspension fibers made of silicon or sapphire, or titanium suspension tubes filled with static He-II. The dissipative behavior of these suspensions is characterized by the mechanical Q-factor. It can be measured by the ring-down method, exciting the suspensions to resonance vibrations on the nanometer scale and analyzing the decay time. For this purpose, a new cryogenic test facility is being planned, allowing the investigation of cryogenic payload suspensions for third-generation gravitational wave detectors. The test cryostat is equipped with a cryocooler and enables real-size studies with various suspension materials and geometries. The future integration of He-II is foreseen to enable He-II filled suspension studies. We describe the scope of experiments and the conceptual design of the test cryostat.
Low-noise thermal shielding around the cryogenic payloads in the Einstein Telescope
Authors: Busch L , Iaquaniello G , Rosier P , Stamm M , Grohmann S
Published: July 2024

The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a planned third-generation gravitational-wave detector that includes a low-frequency (LF) and a high-frequency (HF) laser interferometer. Cryogenic operation of ET-LF is imperative for exploiting the full scientific potential of ET, with mirrors operated at temperatures of 10 K to 20 K in order to reduce the thermal noise. Thermal shielding around the optics is essential to support the cooldown process and to decrease the heat load. Additionally in steady-state operation, mechanical vibrations must be kept to an absolute minimum in order to limit noise contributions from scattered light.

We present a cooling concept for a thermal shield surrounding the cryogenic optics of ET-LF, which considers rapid cooldown and low vibration in steady-state operation. During cooldown, cooling tubes enable the flow of supercritical helium, driving the shield temperature decrease by forced convection. For steady-state operation, the shield cooling mechanism is converted to static heat conduction in He-II within the same tubes. A first mechanical model is presented that fulfills the thermal and vibrational requirements. Thermal characteristics of the shield are demonstrated by means of analytical and numerical modeling results. Modal and dynamic analyses are performed to obtain natural frequencies and transfer functions.
SPHEREx payload thermal architecture and analysis
Authors: Moore B , Bolton D , Penanen K , Susca S
Published: July 2024

The SPHEREx (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer) is an all-sky spectral survey in a Sun-synchronous low earth orbit. It measures spectrum in the near infrared band from 0.75 µm to 5 µm. To achieve this wavelength coverage, the instrument has two focal plane arrays, both passively cooled at <55 K (mid-wave infrared) and <80 K (short-wave infrared). Additionally, the instrument requires no moving parts for spectral resolution, relying instead on spacecraft-controlled pointing. A thermally isolating structure and a set of V-groove radiators reduce the heat flow conducted and radiated from the spacecraft bus. The thermal system also blocks the incident solar flux and earth radiation from reaching the sensitive cryogenic instrument while still allowing substantial pointing flexibility. The combination of passive cryogenic cooling and survey requirements in a sun exposed low earth orbit environment presents a challenge for the thermal design. This paper will discuss the SPHEREx payload overall thermal architecture, bounding thermal environments, the component thermal design, and analysis of on-flight performance.
Development of switchless thin-plate sorption compressor and miniaturized check valves for 5 K J- T cooler
Authors: Bae Junhyuk , Kim Bokeum , Jeong Sangkwon
Published: July 2024

The cell of the sorption compressor developed in this paper has a thin-plate shape to accelerate the pressure swing by reducing the heating and cooling periods. Its width, height and thickness are 100 mm, 100 mm and 4.6 mm, respectively. Two identical cells filled with 22.8 g of charcoal mass are operated alternately to generate and maintain significant pressure difference for the 5 K J-T cooler with the pre-cooling temperature of 15 K. The designed nominal pressure of the high-pressure and the low-pressure parts of the J-T cooler are 1000 kPa and 196 kPa, respectively. The mass flow rate and the pressure gradient of the thin-plate sorption compressor with commercial check valves are measured experimentally. As the performance of the compressor, COP of the compressor is estimated and compared with the compressor of previous researches. Furthermore, to reduce leakage rate and thermal inertia of check valves in the compressor, miniaturized check valve is specially designed and fabricated to replace the commercial valve. When the flow direction is reversed in the valve, the leakage is passively prevented by contacting two metal surfaces at low temperature (30 K). The essential parts of the valve are critically miniaturized to reduce the overall thermal inertia of the compressor system. The cracking pressure and the leakage rate of the developed check valve and the commercial check valve are measured to compare.
Effects of working fluid on performance of 4.5 K JT cooler
Authors: Chen W , Moore B , Petach M ,   The
Published: July 2024

NASA is considering a “probe” class mission with a far-infrared imaging and spectroscopy space telescope. A critical technology need for this mission is an efficient, high capacity, low-temperature cryocooler with low exported vibrations to enable its cryogenic instruments to achieve exquisite sensitivity and low internal noise to observe far distant faint cosmic sources. This paper discusses the design of a 4.5 K hybrid cooler consisting of a pulse tube precooler and a JT stage. The JT stage uses 3He as its working fluid to achieve a low cooling temperature of 4.5 K. The cooler will build on the JWST MIRI spare flight cooler, using existing TRL 9 component and subsystem hardware technologies. The paper will discuss the cooler configuration, thermodynamic design, predicted performance, and sensitivity to operating conditions. The impact of pressure drops and thermal ineffectiveness in the JT stage recuperators are discussed and compared to those in the MIRI cooler. Finally, test results for MIRI Development Model (DM) compressor with 4He are presented. Test data include compressor volumetric flow rates and power inputs at different pressure ratios and piston stroke lengths. The DM compressor test results and flight compressor test data collected during MIRI spare flight cooler acceptance testing both indicate that the 4.5 K cooler will be able to meet the cooling requirement of 48 mW at 4.5 K and 230 mW at 18 K with a significant margin.
Performance of a single-stage mixed refrigerant miniature Joule Thomson cryocooler operating at 90-100 K for space applications
Authors: Murthy V V S , Padmanabhan P , Venkatarthnam G
Published: July 2024

The performance of a closed-cycle miniature Joule Thomson (J-T) cryocooler operating with zeotropic mixtures is presented in this work. The system can provide refrigeration between 90-100 K and meet a heat load of 1 to 3 W. A miniature variable-speed rotary piston compressor is used in the present version. A coiled tubes-in-tube heat exchanger with an effectiveness greater than 95% is used. The details of the system and its performance are presented in this paper.