bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a change management measurement instrument for effective use of examination administration system
Authors: Mphahlele Ngoanamosadi Stanford , Kekwaletswe Raymond Mompoloki , Seaba Tshinakaho Relebogile
Published: April 2024

The quantitative change management measurement for effective use, which consists of operationalized change drivers, dimensions and sub-dimensions for effective use of Examination Administration System (EAS) in the South African context, has been scarcely discussed in the literature. This paper intends to develop and validate a change management measurement instrument (CHAMI) to measure the effective use of EAS in South Africa’s (SA) Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges. The CHAMI was developed drawing on the survey measurement instruments literature for change management and effective use and assessed quantitatively using data collected from 215 EAS users across all 318 TVET colleges from nine provinces of SA. The empirical results found the existence of construct validity of the CHAMI with 11 dimensions (i.e. user involvement and change recognition, user satisfaction, performance measurement, technology use, EAS adaptive use, EAS verification, user learning, transparent interaction, representational fidelity, informed action, and effective use) and 63 questions. Another contribution this study stems from the way the research constructs in a measurement model are operationalized as they incorporate measurement class (i.e. reflective or formative). This paper presents a CHAMI for effective use of EAS. In the future, management, researchers and practitioners can use the CHAMI to measure effective use, espouse or adapt instrument as an additional use measurement dimension on United Nations digital transformation programmes index or test it in different settings to advance its generalizability.
Review of hackathon adoption factors in education
Authors: Oyetade Kayode , Harmse Anneke , Zuva Tranos
Published: April 2024

Hackathons have gained popularity recently as a platform for fostering innovation and collaboration, providing hands-on learning experiences for students to design, prototype, and solve real-world problems. While studies have explored hackathon adoption in education, there is a scarcity of chronological reviews on this subject. This article addresses the gap by presenting a comprehensive literature review using a systematic methodology, analyzing 30 relevant articles spanning 2012 to 2022 from databases like EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The study identifies five key adoption factors: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, behavioral intention, self-efficacy, and collaborative learning. Findings suggest that individuals are more likely to adopt hackathons when they perceive them as valuable and easy to engage with. Moreover, participants with a desire to engage, exhibit confidence in their abilities, and have prior hackathon experience are more inclined to embrace Hackathons. This highlights the importance of effective teamwork and knowledge sharing during hackathons, contributing to increased adoption rates. This study's contribution lies in identifying hackathon adoption factors relevant in education, providing insights for assessing progress, overcoming barriers, and making informed decisions to stay relevant in the evolving digital landscape. Ultimately, the adoption of hackathons in education holds the potential to revolutionize teaching and learning, enhancing student engagement, collaboration, and achievement. Educational institutions, by understanding these factors, can effectively integrate hackathons to develop creative and memorable learning spaces.
Stepping into the shoes of absent parents to provide educational support
Authors: Ndwandwe Ntokozo Dennis
Published: April 2024

Parental involvement is recognised as a significant factor in education globally. However, evidence suggests a scarcity of research focusing on parental involvement in education of vulnerable children in South Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the perspectives of house parents at Sunshine Haven Children’s Home regarding parental involvement in the education of vulnerable children. Informed by Epstein’s theory of overlapping spheres of influence, the qualitative study adopted an interpretivist paradigm and a case study design. Data were obtained through focus group interviews with a group of five purposefully selected house parents at Sunshine Haven Children’s Home. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study reveal that, according to house parents’ perspectives, parental involvement in education for vulnerable children is not satisfactory. House parents experienced challenges in offering educational support, including lack of resources, lack of confidence in assisting with children homework and lack of effective communication between school and home. Therefore, the study recommends the forging of a viable partnership between teachers and house parents, the development of targeted interventions and training programmes and the allocation of resources to enhance parental involvement and ultimately improve the academic performance and wellbeing of vulnerable children.
Factors influencing organizational culture on business performance among employers in technological micro-enterprises
Authors: Kappo-Abidemi Christiana , Oyewole Oyebisi Olaleye , Oyebola Abiodun Isaac , Olaposi Titilayo Olubunmi , Adedeji Funke Tawakalitu
Published: April 2024

Microenterprises are crucial in sustaining the economy, especially in developing economies like Nigeria. Many of these microenterprises do not take cognizance of necessary determinants like organizational culture and its factors to ensure proper running of their day-to-day activities. The study aims to identify some demographic statistics of employers in technological microenterprises, investigate the factors influencing organizational culture and assess organizational culture's influence on business success among employers in selected technological microenterprises in southwest Nigeria. The study was carried out in three southwestern states in Nigeria with 213 business owners (employers) as respondents. Seventeen factors were explored, but eight were extracted to be considered in measuring the employers' organizational culture: climate, customer demand, technological changes, observed behaviour, norms, consistency, adaptability, and sense of mission. Linear regression analysis was also used to measure organizational culture's impact on technological microenterprises' business performance with SPSS as a statistical tool.   The study confirms a positive and significant relationship between organizational culture and business performance at 5% significance. This study concludes that the eight variables extracted are important factors to consider when measuring the organizational culture of employers in technological microenterprises in southwest Nigeria for better business production.
Optimising postgraduate supervision using multilevel modeling techniques in a constrained higher education environment
Authors: Molaba Mamelang , Gololo Sechene Stanley , Seeletse Solly Matshonisa
Published: April 2024

The paper developed a multilevel model (MLM) of postgraduate (PG) supervision to improve the academic publication and PG completion rate. Crowdsourcing essentials were used in the development of the model. The crowds consisted of the MLM made of students from Honours to doctoral levels. Teamwork was also implored, where the teams were level mates and supervisory teams. The simplest form of the model has the potential to generate over 65 academic manuscripts for journals. Monitoring of the supervision process can provide maximized completion of the PG research studies. Research capacity building would be effected for the doctoral and master’s students making them able to supervise and co-supervise from Honours to doctoral levels upon completion of their studies. The study condemned the use of a single supervisor for several doctoral students. It recommended the implementation of the model (the MLM PG Supervision Framework). It further recommended that doctoral students should be assigned co-supervisors, preferably varied for different students, to enable diversity in the supervision experience.
The impact of leadership 4.0 & contemporary management on organisational performance in the 4IR
Authors: Motadi Masa Sylvester
Published: April 2024

The efficacy of organisational effectiveness during the Fourth Industrial Revolution may have been hindered by prevailing leadership styles and management practices. Hence, it has been proposed that other theories, models, or approaches to leadership will be necessary for organisations to maintain competitiveness and achieve long-term success in a business environment that deviates dramatically from the norm for leaders. This essay posits that the application of Leadership 4.0 and novel management practices may hold significance within this particular context. This study investigated the influence of leadership 4.0 and modern management on the success of organisations during the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Qualitative research methodologies were employed to conduct desk research and obtain the findings. There exists a positive association between Leadership 4.0, creative management methods, and organisational performance capabilities. Numerous scholarly and practical deliberations have substantiated the significance of leadership, specifically Leadership 4.0, in effectively navigating the complexities and challenges posed by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Furthermore, supplementary evidence was identified to substantiate theories pertaining to dependent leadership. The findings of this study have practical implications for companies as they validate the existing literature that highlights the crucial role of leadership in organisational performance, particularly for survival and long-term viability in the contemporary business landscape (4IR). The findings make a valuable contribution to the growing body of knowledge in the domains of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), leadership, creative management techniques, and research on organisational performance.
Politics and conflicts in South African cooperative government
Authors: Shopola Arthur , Munzhedzi Pandelani Harry
Published: April 2024

Globally, there is welter of evidence demonstrating that cooperative government is likely achievable where the same political party in charge of the national government is also a power holder at sub-governments level. This has been the experience of the South Africa’s African National Congress (ANC) which has been in charge of the national government and the majority of provinces for 30 years, except in few instances where opposition parties are in control. Since the ANC lost Western Cape (WC) province to the Democratic Alliance in 2004, cooperative government has been a difficult practice due in part to party ideological differences. The contradictions often play out at executive levels but the silence of legislation, in as far as ensuring that cooperative government is achievable for common goal, necessitates attention. This non-empirical article refers to numerous cases of intergovernmental tensions, with the intention being to debate the discursive issues under the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (hereafter referred to as 1996 Constitution). Following comprehensive reflection, the article concluded that the extent to which national government is showing inherent inertia to work with WC and other areas where the DA is governing has been perpetuated by the lacuna in the current legal framework, but most of the conflicts have much to do with party ideology and politics of the ‘left’ where parties just oppose executive decisions and programmes not on substance but because they are official opposition.   As a result, the continuation of these actions stands to bedevil the national and provincial executive relations in a decentralised South Africa.
Factors influencing e-servicescape on continuance intention: a case study of Blu by BCA digital in Indonesia
Authors: Yusvianto Annur Galih , Raditha Hapsari
Published: April 2024

The number of digital banks in Indonesia is very large, resulting in intense competition between each digital bank. The tighter competition for digital banks, makes the interest in reusing digital bank users low and makes users tend to switch brands or providers in using digital banks. This study aims to determine the factors that influence e-servicescape on continuance intention mediated by brand image and performance expectancy. This research is categorized as explanatory research. Respondents in this study were users of the Blu by BCA Digital application on the island of Java, determining the number of samples in this study using purposive sampling technique with a total sample size of 249 respondents. The data collection method used a questionnaire, the data was analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results showed that e-servicescape had no significant effect on continuance intention. E-servicescape has a significant effect on brand image, brand image has a significant effect on continuance intention. E-servicescape has a significant effect on performance expectancy, performance expectancy has a significant effect on continuance intention. Brand image and performance expectancy can play a fully mediating role in the relationship between e-servicescape and continuance intention. Although e-servicescape does not have a significant influence directly, it is still part of the customer experience in using the Blu by BCA Digital app. Therefore, Blu by BCA Digital should continue to invest in technology and innovation to improve their e-servicescape. This includes the use of the latest technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), data analytics, and personalized user experience. The better the e-servicescape, the better the brand image, performance expectancy and continuance intention of customers to keep using the service.
Peramalan Jumlah Buku Yang Dipinjam di Aplikasi iPusnas Menggunakan Metode Double Exponential Smoothing
Authors: As Shidiqi Anis Fitriana , Purwaningsih Tuti
Published: April 2024

Perpustakaan adalah pusat informasi yang harus dikelola dengan baik agar dapat memberikan manfaat semaksimal mungkin. Perpustakaan Nasional RI memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi perangkat lunak dengan membuat aplikasi Bernama iPusnas, yaitu perpustakaan digital nasional agar para pembaca dapat meminjam dan membaca buku dengan mudah. Peramalan adalah perkiraan suatu kejadian di masa mendatang berdasarkan dengan data yang ada di masa lalu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meramalkan Jumlah Buku yang Dipinjam di iPusnas pada tahun 2017-2021 untuk satu tahun ke depan. Berdasarkan pola data Jumlah Buku yang Dipinjam di iPusnas yang mengalami peningkatan atau kenaikan tiap yahunnya, maka peramalan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Double Exponential Smoothing (DES). Didapatkan nilai ukuran kesalahan dengan metode MAPE, yaitu sebesar 5,89091%. Artinya, nilai tersebut memiliki kemampuan peramalan yang sangat baik.
Impact of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control on intention to invest in retail green sukuk among Muslim millennials in Jabodetabek
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad Ananda , Wulandari Ries
Published: April 2024

IntroductionRetail green sukuk is an environmentally friendly investment option for millennials. However, there have not been many studies related to this in the context of millennials in big cities in Indonesia.ObjectivesThis research aims to analyse the impact of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in intention to invest in retail green sukuk among Muslim millennials in Jabodetabek.MethodThis research uses the PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling) which presents the results of regression analysis relating to testing the relationship between endogenous and exogenous variables. A total of 183 Muslim millennials participate in this research by fulfilling an online questionnaire.ResultsThe results of this research show that these three variables significantly influence Green Sukuk investment interest among Millennial Muslims in Jabodetabek, with a significance value of attitude of 0.669, subjective norm of 0.213, and perceived behavioral control of 0.030.ImplicationsGovernments or other corporations issuing retail green sukuk instruments should focus more on promoting their green initiatives. This will create a positive attitude among millennial investors toward Retail green sukuk instruments.Originality/NoveltyThis study provides insights into the intention to invest in environmentally friendly financial product among Muslim millennials living in large cities in Indonesia.
Growth Rate and Biological Production of Yellow Eel Anguilla anguilla and Production of Silver Eel and the Number of Glass Eel to Fulfill the Danish EMP
Authors: Rasmussen Gorm , Pedersen Michael I , Therkildsen Birgit M
Published: April 2024

Silver eel were sampled in 1981 and 1983 in River Brede, Denmark, with outlet to the North Sea. Yellow eel in River Køge-Lellinge, Denmark, with outlet to the Baltic Sea were sampled 1965-1968. Silver eel were aged by burning the otoliths. Silver male ages varied from 4 to 25 years, lengths 30.8 to 45.3 cm, and female silver eel varied from 7 to 25 years, lengths 42.3 to 77.3 cm. von Bertalanffy trajectories of length-at-age of male and female yellow eel were calculated in both rivers. Younger yellow eel had significantly higher annual growth rate compared to older age groups, and females grew significantly faster than males. Two models for natural mortality M were used to estimate number of glass eel needed to produce number of silver eel for each sex and silver age group. Annual silver eel production from River Brede Å was 49.2 kg ha-1, demanding 2,894 glass eel ha-1 and in River Køge-Lellinge, the silver eel production was 48.5 kg ha-1, demanding 5,570 glass eel ha-1. It was calculated that one (0.29 g) thousand glass eel contribute to 8.8 kg silver eel in River Køge-Lellinge, and 17.0 kg silver eel in River Brede. To fulfill the Danish EMP in rivers requires annual stocking of 33 tons or 9.4 million reared on-grown eel (3.5 g) to compensate for 183 tons lost silver eel.
Most Colorectal Hyperplastic Nodules Represent Polypoid Colitis Nucleomigrans - A New Challenge in Classifying Colorectal Mucosal Tumor-Like Lesions
Authors: Tachibana Mitsuhiro , Hamayasu Hideki , Yokota Akihiko , Matsushita Masahiro
Published: April 2024

Hyperplastic nodules (HNs) are benign polypoid lesions of the colorectal mucosa reportedly caused by hyperplasia of the crypt epithelial cells. They differ from hyperplastic polyps because the crypts do not have histologically serrated changes. HNs often occur in the rectal mucosa and tend to be multifocal. We have proposed a new colitis nucleomigrans (CN) concept as the third type of microscopic colitis. Our histopathological criteria of CN include: i) chained nuclear migration to the middle part of the surface-lining columnar epithelium, ii) apoptotic nuclear debris scattered in the eosinophilic cytoplasm underneath the nuclei, and iii) mild to moderate chronic inflammation in the lamina propria. Immunostaining for cleaved-caspase 3 revealed apoptotic bodies. In this study, we report that most HN lesions share the histological features with CN, representing polypoid CN. We evaluated 108 lesions of HN in total, and 94 (87%) were reclassified as polypoid CN. In the polypoid CN, the lamina propria mucosae were uniformly edematous, suggesting that accelerated apoptosis of the mucosal surface epithelium may cause osmotic dysregulation to form localized mucosal elevations.
The Mass of the Center of the Milky Way Revalued from the Fastest Orbits around the Center and the Circular Velocity Curve of the Milky Way
Authors: zhu yin
Published: April 2024

The new observations, including the fastest star, the circular velocity curve of the Milky Way and the fast galaxy bar, should imply that the mass of the center of the Milky Way is almost 1011 times the mass of the Sun.
Human-In-The-Loop Optimization Of Knee Exoskeleton Assistance For Minimizing User’s Metabolic And Muscular Effort
Authors: Monteiro Sara , Figueiredo Joana , Fonseca Pedro , Vilas-Boas J. Paulo , Santos Cristina P.
Published: April 2024

Lower limb exoskeletons have the potential to reduce the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders; however, they often lack user-oriented control strategies. Human-in-the-loop (HITL) controls can adapt an exoskeleton’s assistance in real-time, to optimize the user-exoskeleton interaction. This study presents a HITL control for a knee exoskeleton to minimize the users’ physical effort, a parameter innovatively evaluated by their interaction torque with the exoskeleton (a muscular effort indicator) and metabolic cost. This work innovates by estimating the user’s metabolic cost within the HITL control through a machine-learning model. The regression model was able to estimate the metabolic cost, in real-time, with a root-mean-squared error of 0.66 W/kg and a mean absolute percentage error of 26%, making faster (10s) and less noisy estimations than a respirometer (K5, Cosmed) device. The HITL reduced the user’s metabolic cost and interaction torque by 7.3% and 32.3%, respectively, when compared to a zero-torque control. The developed HITL control surpassed both a non-exoskeleton and a zero-torque condition regarding the user’s physical effort, even for a simple task such as slow walking. Furthermore, the user-specific control enabled a lower metabolic cost than the non-user-specific assistance. This proof-of-concept demonstrated the potential for HITL controls in assisted working.
Improvement of Raw and Pasteurized Milk Quality Through the Use of Lactoperoxidase System (LPS) Along Dairy Value Chain Under Real Condition in Ethiopia
Authors: Ashenafi Tigist , Zebib Haftom , Woldegiorgis Ashagrie Zewdu
Published: April 2024

Lactoperoxidase system (LPS) effect on quality of raw and pasteurized milk under real conditions along the dairy value chain in Ethiopia was evaluated. A total of 250 milk samples were collected from farmers, collectors, and factories. Experimental samples were LPS-activated of morning and overnight milk. The samples were tested with several chemical and microbiological tests such as total bacterial count (TBC), total coliform count (TCC) and Escherichia coli count (EC). Results indicated that all LPS-activated milk samples had a higher quality than all the control samples. For instance, both the morning and overnight farm milk samples had a mean TBCs of 5.79 log and 6.55 log cfu/ml which is significantly (p
Assessment of the Potential Contribution of the Urban Green System to the Carbon Balance of Cities
Authors: Menconi Maria Elena , Bonciarelli Livia , Grohamnn David
Published: April 2024

Reducing GHG emissions is a crucial challenge in urban areas, characterized by high energy consumption and reduced exposure to nature. In this context, the urban green system could play a pivotal role. In the literature, scholars analyzed both the ability of species-specific and layout-specific green infrastructures to increase carbon sequestration and the best location sites of new green infrastructures, to increase the provision of overall ecosystem services. There is a lack of studies helping green urban planners and designers choose where and which green infrastructure to implement, based on vegetation species-specific performance and local carbon emissions of city components. This paper uses tree inventory data from a medium-sized city in central Italy (Perugia) to develop a spatial analysis of the urban parks' performance in carbon sequestration. Then, the method evaluates the carbon emission of a public city building to generate a spatialized balance between buildings’ demand and trees’ supply, to support local decisions about the best locations for new green infrastructures and the choice between species. The paper contributes to GIS-based tools that vary the recommended location sites and species for new green infrastructures based on the demanded ecosystem service.
Neutrophils Expressing Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Play an Indispensable Role in Effective Bacterial Elimination and Resolving Inflammation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Authors: Terasaki Azusa , Ahmed Faizan , Okuno Alato , Peng Zhenzi , Cao Duo-Yao , Saito Suguru
Published: April 2024

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a co-inhibitory molecule expressed on the surface of various
cell types, known for its suppressive effect on T cells through interaction with PD-1. Neutrophils also express
PD-L1, and its expression is elevated in specific situations; however, the immunobiological role of PD-L1+
neutrophil has not been fully characterized. Here, we report that PD-L1-expressing neutrophils increased in
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection are highly functional in bacterial elimination and
supporting inflammatory resolution. The frequency of PD-L1+ neutrophils was dramatically increased in
MRSA-infected mice, and this population exhibited enhanced activity in bacterial elimination compared to
PD-L1- neutrophils. An administration of PD-L1 monoclonal antibody did not impair PD-L1+ neutrophil
function suggesting that PD-L1 expression itself does not influence neutrophil activity. However, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade significantly delayed liver inflammation resolution in MRSA-infected mice, as indicated by increased plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) level and frequencies of inflammatory leukocytes in the liver implying that neutrophil PD-L1 suppresses the inflammatory response of these cells during the acute phase of MRSA infection. Our results reveal that elevated PD-L1 expression can be a marker for enhanced anti-bacterial function of neutrophils. Moreover, PD-L1+ neutrophils are an indispensable population attenuating inflammatory leukocyte activities assisting in a smooth transition into the resolution phase in MRSA infection.
Pregestational Prediabetes Induces Maternal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Dysregulation and Results in Adverse Fetal Outcomes: Influences on HPA Axis and Development
Authors: Ngema Mathuli , Xulu Nombuso D , Khathi Andile , Ngubane Phikelelani S
Published: April 2024

Maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been shown to result in fetal programming of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to adverse fetal outcomes. T2DM is preceded by prediabetes and shares similar pathophysiological complications. However, no studies have investigated the effects of maternal prediabetes on fetal HPA axis function and postnatal offspring development, hence this study. Pre-diabetic (PD) and non-pre-diabetic (NPD) female Sprague Dawley rats were mated with non-prediabetic males. After gestation, male pups born from the PD and NPD groups were collected. Markers of HPA axis function, adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone were measured in all dams and pups. Glucose tolerance and expression of mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors were further measured in all pups at birth and their developmental milestones. The results demonstrated increased basal concentrations of ACTH and corticosterone in the dams from the PD group by comparison to NPD. Furthermore, the results show an increase in pups ACTH and corticosterone concentrations, impaired glucose tolerance and dysregulated MR and GR expression in the PD group at all developmental milestones. These observations reveal that pregestational prediabetes is associated with maternal dysregulation of the HPA axis, impacting offspring HPA axis development along with impaired glucose handling.
Evalution of the Efficiency of Using an Oxidizer in the Leaching Process of Gold-Containing Concentrate
Authors: Kenzhaliyev B.K. , Tussupbayev N.K. , Abdykirova G.Zh. , Koizhanova A.K. , Fischer D.Ye. , Baltabekova Zh.A. , Samenova N.O.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of cyanide leaching of gold-containing concentrate using the trichlorocyanuric acid (TCCA) oxidizer. Gold-containing concentrate obtained from a gold tailings sample from a gold recovery factory (GRF) in one of the deposits of Kazakhstan that was not previously studied for concentrability. According to X-ray phase analysis and energy dispersive spectrometry (DSM) data, the main compounds in the tailings sample under study are: pyrite FeS2, quartz SiO2, calcite CaCO3, albite NaAlSi3O8, muscovite KAl2Si3AlO10(OH)8, dolomite CaMg(CO3)2, and oxidized iron compounds. Microscopic studies have established the presence of gold grains in free form, ranging in size from 0.9-10.2 mkm Au-ultrafine and fine gold. Obtaining a gold-containg concentrate with a gold content of 15.95 g / t is possible according to the enrichment scheme, which includes centrifugal separation, classification according to the fineness class -0.05 mm, additional grinding of hydrocyclone sands to a fineness of 90.0-95.0% of the class finer than 0.050 mm, and control centrifugal separation. Since pyrite in technogenic raw materials is the main gold-containing mineral, this paper presents studies on the oxidizability of pyrite with the TCCA oxidizer. The results of studies on the oxidation of pyrite using the TCCA oxidizer show that the products of its hydrolysis oxidize pyrite with the formation of various iron compounds on its surface. Pretreatment of gold-containing concentrate with oxidizer TCCA for 3 hours before the cyanidation process (20 hours) allows to increase the recovery of gold in the solution by 5.8 %.
Calculating the Mass of Objects That Are Transitive from Giant Planets to Brown Dwarfs Using a New Formula for the Gravitational Potential
Authors: Abdukadyrov Askar
Published: April 2024

The gravitational potential characterizes the gravitational field of ordinary bodies and has dimension equal to the square of the velocity. In 2021, a new expression for the law of universal gravitation was obtained, which is completely analogous to Coulomb’s law. Using this result, the presented paper introduces a new formula for the gravitational potential, which has dimension of velocity. This formula establishes a clear boundary for the mass of objects that are transitive from giant planets to stars of the smallest masses (brown dwarfs).
Exploring the Prevalence of Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars (HSPM) and Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) As Perceived by Northern Italian Dentists: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Bardellini Elena , Conti Giulio , Veneri Federica , Majorana Alessandra , Amadori Francesca
Published: April 2024

Aim: The purpose of this study was to collect prevalence data of Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars (HSPM) and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) among pediatric patients treated by dental practitioners in Northern Italy and assess the practitioners’ awareness of these conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted using a structured online questionnaire administered through Google Forms. The survey comprised 10 single-choice questions addressing the prevalence of opacities affecting molars and an index of HSPM and MIH in caries-free children aged 6-9 years, categorized by percentage. Results: A total of 315 dentists participated in the survey, yielding a response rate of 31.5%. The majority of respondents (59%) reported HSPM prevalence in 1-25% of their patients, while 18% observed no opacity in any of their patients. MIH was observed in HSPM patients in 1-25% and 25-50% of cases, as reported by 44% and 31% of respondents, respectively. Among non-HSPM patients, MIH was observed in 1-25% of children (reported by 74% of respondents). Conclusion: The findings from this pilot survey show substantial agreement with existing prevalence data on HSPM and MIH reported in the literature. The co-occurrence rate of HSPM and MIH defects supports the hypothesis of HSPM potentially serving as a predictor of MIH. The study underscores a significant need to enhance awareness of these defects for early diagnosis and effective management. Additionally, there is a call for the promotion of standardized diagnostic protocols to obtain more accurate epidemiological data.
Genetic Upregulation of Activated Protein C Mitigates Delayed Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure in the Mouse Plasma
Authors: Bansal Shivani , Li Yaoxiang , Bansal Sunil , Klotzbier William , Singh Baldev , Jayatilake Meth , Sridharan Vijayalakshmi , Fernández José A , Griffin John H , Weiler Hartmut , Boerma Marjan , Cheema Amrita K
Published: April 2024

Exposure to ionizing radiation, accidental or intentional, may lead to delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) that manifest as injury to organ systems including kidney, heart, and brain. This study examines the role of activated protein C (APC), a known mitigator of radiation-induced early toxicity, in long-term plasma metabolite and lipid panels that may be associated with DEARE. Male and female cohorts of C57BL/6N wild-type and APCHi transgenic mice were exposed to 9.5 Gy γ-rays with their hind-legs shielded to allow long-term survival that is necessary to monitor DEARE, and plasma was collected at 6 months for LC-MS based metabolomics and lipidomics. We observed significant dyslipidemia, indicative of inflammatory phenotype, upon radiation exposure. Additionally, observance of several other metabolic dysregulations was suggestive of gut damage, perturbations in TCA and urea cycles, and arginine metabolism. We also observed gender and genotype modulated metabolic perturbations post radiation exposure. The APCHi mice showed near normal abundance for several lipids. Moreover, restoration of plasma levels of some metabolites including amino acids, citric acid, and hypoxanthine in APCHi mice are indicative of APC-mediated protection from radiation injuries. With the help of these findings the role of APC in plasma molecular events after acute -radiation exposure in a gender-specific manner can be established for the first time.
Toward Contamination in Coastal Regions for Groundwater Quality, Fluoride, Nitrate and Human Health Risk Assessments Within Multi-aquifer Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Yassin Mohamed A. , Abba Sani I. , Shah Syed Muzzamil Hussain , Usman Abdullahi. G. , Egbueri Johnbosco C. , Agbasi Johnson C. , Khogali Abid , Baalousha Husam Musa , Aljundi Isam H. , Sammen Saad Sh. , Scholz Miklas
Published: April 2024

Contamination in coastal regions attributed to fluoride and nitrate cannot be disregarded, given the substantial environmental and public health issues they present worldwide. Maintaining water quality is crucial for environmental well-being. This comprehensive study was performed to assess the spatial as well as indexical water quality, identify contamination sources, and evaluate associated health risks pertaining to nitrate and flouride in AlHassa region, KSA. The physiochemical results revealed a pervasive pollution of the overall groundwater. The dominant water type was Na-Cl, indicating saltwater intrusion and reverse ion exchange impact. Spatiotemporal variations in physicochemical properties suggest diverse hydrochemical mechanisms, with geogenic factors primarily influencing groundwater chemistry. The groundwater pollution index varied between 0.8426 and 4.7172, classifying samples as moderately to very highly polluted. Similarly, the synthetic pollution index (in the range of 0.5021-4.0715) revealed that none of the samples had excellent water quality, with various degrees of pollution categories. Nitrate Health Quotient (HQ) values indicated chronic human health risks ranging from low to severe, with newborns being the most vulnerable. Household use of nitrate-rich groundwater for showering and cleaning did not pose significant health risks. Fluoride HQ decreased with age, and children faced the highest risk of fluorosis. The Hazard Index (HI) yielded moderate to high-risk values. Nitrate risks were 1.21 times higher than fluoride risks, as per average HI assessment. All samples fell into the vulnerable category based on the Total Hazard Index (THI), with 88.89% classified as very high risk. This research provides valuable insights into groundwater quality, guiding water authorities, inhabitants, and researchers in identifying safe water sources and vulnerable human populations. The results highlight the need for appropriate treatment techniques and long-term coastal groundwater management plans.
Effect of Laser Scan Speed on the Defects and Texture Development of Pure Chromium Metal Fabricated by Powder Bed Fusion-Laser Beam
Authors: Kim Yong Seong , Gokcekaya Ozkan , Matsugaki Aira , Nakano Takayoshi
Published: April 2024

Chromium (Cr) metal has garnered significant attention in alloy systems owing to its exceptional properties, such as high melting point, low density, and superior oxidation and corrosion resistance. However, its processing capabilities are hindered by the high Ductile-Brittle Transition Temperature (DBTT). Recently, powder bed fusion-laser beam for metals (PBF-LB/M) has emerged as a promising technique, offering the fabrication of net shapes and precise control over crystallographic texture. Nevertheless, research investigating the mechanism underlying crystallographic texture development in pure Cr via PBF-LB/M still needs to be conducted. This study explores the impact of scan speed on relative density and crystallographic texture. At the optimal scan speed, an increase in grain size attributed to epitaxial growth was observed, resulting in the formation of cubic texture. Consequently, a reduction in High Angle Grain Boundaries (HAGB) was achieved, suppressing defects such as cracks and enhancing relative density up to 98.1%. Furthermore, with increasing densification, Vickers hardness also exhibited a corresponding increase. These findings underscore the efficacy of PBF-LB/M for processing metals with high DBTT properties.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 9 (DPP9) Depletion From Hepatocytes in Mice Retards Liver Tumour Growth and Increases Intrahepatic Caspase-1 Activation
Authors: Huang Jiali Carrie , Tong Xinlin Linda , Xiang Michelle Sui Wen , Boumelhem Badwi B. , Foulis Diarmid P , Zhang Mingchang , McKenzie Catriona , McCaughan Geoffrey William , Reinheckel Thomas , Zhang Hui Emma , Gorrell Mark Douglas
Published: April 2024

Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a multifunctional intracellular protease with roles in tumour growth, inflammation and mitochondrial function. We developed a hepatocyte-specific DPP9 knockout mouse (DPP9-KO) to explore DPP9 in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DPP9-KO mice were generated by crossing Albumin-Cre mice (Wt/Wt Cre+/+) with DPP9 floxed mice (Fl/Fl Cre-/-). Mice were treated with Diethylnitrosamine and Thioacetamide then an atherogenic High Fat Diet until 28 weeks of age. DPP9-KO mice had reduced liver and subcuta-neous adipose tissue mass and lower fasting plasma glucose, fewer small macroscopic liver nod-ules compared to DPP9-WT mice. However, there were no differences in the total number of mac-roscopic liver nodules, tumour burden, inflammation score and steatosis score. Consistent with the known ability of DPP9 to suppress NLRP1 activation, activated caspase-1 protein was ele-vated in DPP9-KO mouse liver. Additionally, Nfkbib, Cxcl10 and Ccl5 mRNA and protein levels of autophagy marker beclin1 and tumour suppressor p53 were increased. In conclusion, DPP9 de-pletion in hepatocytes may reduce liver cancer initiation, via mechanisms that may include in-creased autophagy and innate tumour suppression in this experimental model. Finally, the data supports DPP9 having a role in glucose regulation by the liver.
Genetic Heterogeneity Correlated with Phenotypic Variability in Congenital Hyperinsulinism Caused by Mutation in ABCC8 Gene Associated with Early‐Onset Persistent Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Authors: Butnariu Lăcrămioara Ionela , Bizim Delia Andreia , Păduraru Gabriela , Păduraru Luminița , Moisă Ștefana Maria , Popa Setalia , Gimiga Nicoleta , Ghiga Gabriela , Bădescu Minerva Codruța , Lupu Ancuta , Vasiliu Ioana , Trandafir Laura Mihaela
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a rare disorder of glucose metabolism and is the most common cause of severe and persistent hypoglycemia (hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, HH) in the neonatal period and childhood. Most cases are caused by mutations in the ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes that encode the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP). We present the correlation between genetic heterogeneity and the variable phenotype in patients with early-onset hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia caused by ABCC8 gene mutations. In the first patients, which presented persistent severe hypoglycemia since the first day of life, molecular genetic testing revealed the presence of a homozygous mutation in the ABCC8 gene [deletion in the ABCC8 gene c.(2390+1_2391-1)_(3329+1_3330- 1)del] correlated with a diffuse form of hyperinsulinism (the parents being healthy heterozygous carriers). In the second patient, the onset was on the third day of life with severe hypoglycemia, and genetic testing identified a heterozygous mutation in the ABCC8 gene c.1792C>T (p.Arg598*) inherited on the paternal line, which led to the diagnosis of focal form of hyperinsulinism. To locate the focal lesions, (18)F-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]fluoro-L-phenylalanine) PET/CT was recommended (an investigation that cannot be carried out in the country), but the parents refused to carry out the investigation abroad. In this case, early surgical treatment could have been curative. In addition, the second child also presented secondary adrenal insufficiency requiring replacement therapy. At the same time, she developed early recurrent seizures that required antiepileptic treatment. We emphasize the importance and of molecular genetic testing for diagnosis, management and genetic counseling in patients with HH.
Mobile Colistin-Resistant Gene; mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3 Identified in Diarrheal Pathogens among Infants, Children, and Adults in Bangladesh: Implications for the Future
Authors: Sarker Shafiuzzaman , Neeloy Reeashat Muhit , Habib Marnusa Binte , Urmi Umme Laila , Asad Mamun Al , Mosaddek Abu Syed Md. , Khan Mohammad Rabiul Karim , Nahar Shamsun , Godman Brian , Islam Salequl
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Colistin is a last-resort antimicrobial for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Phe-notypic colistin resistance is highly associated with plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes. mcr-bearing Enterobacteriaceae have been detected in many countries, with the emergence of colistin-resistant pathogens a global concern. This study assessed the distribution of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5 genes with the phenotypic colistin resistance in isolates from diarrheal infants and children in Bangladesh. Bacteria were identified using the API-20E biochemical panel and 16s rDNA gene sequencing. Polymerase chain reac-tions detected mcr gene variants in the isolates. Their susceptibilities to colistin were determined by agar dilu-tion and E-test by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements. Over 30.0% (69/225) of isolates showed colistin resistance by agar dilution assessment (MIC> 2.0 μg/mL). Overall, 15.5% of isolates carried mcr genes (7, mcr-1; 17, mcr-2; 13, mcr-3; and co-occurrence occurred in 2 isolates). Clinical breakout MIC val-ues (≥ 4 μg/mL) were associated with 91.3% of mcr-positive isolates. The mcr-positive pathogens include twenty Escherichia spp., five Shigella flexneri, five Citrobacter spp., two Klebsiella pneumoniae, and three Pseudo-monas parafulva. mcr-genes appeared to be significantly associated with phenotypic colistin resistance phe-nomena (p=0.000), with 100% colistin-resistant isolates showing MDR phenomena. Age and sex of patients showed no significant association with detected mcr variants. Overall, mcr-associated colistin-resistant bacte-ria have emerged in Bangladesh, which warrants further research to determine their spread and instigate ac-tivities to reduce resistance.
Chikungunya Virus Vaccine: An Update Review
Authors: Shaikh Mohd Sayeed , Faiyazuddin Md. , Khan Mubasshera Sabir , Pathan Shahbaz K. , Syed Imran J. , Akhtar Mohammad Shabib , Sah Ranjit , Mehta Rachana , Sah Sanjit , Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine , Luna Camila , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J.
Published: April 2024

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a single-stranded RNA virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, poses a significant global health threat, with severe complications observed in vulnerable populations. The only licensed vaccine, IXCHIQ, approved by the USFDA, is insufficient to address the growing disease burden, particularly in endemic regions lacking herd immunity. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), explicitly targeting structural proteins E1/E2, demonstrate promise in passive transfer studies, with mouse and human-derived mAbs showing protective efficacy. The article explores various vaccine candidates, including live attenuated, killed, nucleic-acid-based (DNA/RNA), virus-like particle, chimeric, subunit, and adenovirus vectored vaccines. RNA vaccines emerge as promising candidates due to their rapid response capabilities and enhanced safety profile. The review underscores the importance of E1 and E2 proteins as immunogens, emphasising their antigenic potential. Several vaccine candidates, such as CHIKV/IRES, measles vector (MV-CHIK), synthetic DNA-encoded antibodies, and mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines, demonstrate encouraging preclinical and clinical study results. In addition to identifying potential molecular targets for antiviral therapy, the study looks into the roles played by Toll-like receptors, RIG-I, and NOD-like receptors in the immune response to CHIKV. It also offers insights into novel tactics and promising vaccine candidates.
Multiple Natural Approaches of Salix alba
Authors: Marina Andrei Samiee , Amalia Stefaniu , Nicoleta Ene , Lucia Pintilie , Radu Nicoleta , Tomescu Andrei Justinian , Raiciu Anca Daniela
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The Willows, belonging to the genus Salix, encompass a vast array of species and hybrids, totaling between 330 to 500 species along with approximately 200 hybrids. These plants are found across continents such as Africa, North America, Europe, and Asia, exhibiting diverse forms ranging from trees to shrubs and prostrate plants. Traditionally, Willows have been utilized in folk medicine due to their rich reservoir of biologically active compounds, with salicin being a notable example, serving as a prodrug for salicylic acid.The chemical composition of Willows is highly diverse, with 322 secondary metabolites identified thus far. These include various classes such as flavonoids (94 types encompassing flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavan-3-ols like catechins and procyanidins, chalcones, dihydrochalcone, anthocyanins, and dihydroflavonols), phenolic glycosides (76), organic acids (28), non-phenolic glycosides (17), sterols, and terpenes (17), simple phenolics (13), lignans (7), as well as volatiles and fatty acids (69). This rich chemical di-versity underpins the various pharmacological activities exhibited by Willows.
The pharmacological properties attributed to Willows are extensive and include analgesic, an-ti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiobesity, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. These properties make Willows a subject of con-siderable interest in the fields of medicine and pharmacology.
In summary, Willows represent a valuable natural resource with a diverse chemical composition and a wide range of pharmacological activities. This study aimed to enhance our comprehension of the medicinal characteristics of willow bark extract, focusing on its antimicrobial properties. This investigation holds significance in validating the traditional usage of willow bark and investi-gating its potential utility in contemporary medicine.