bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A percepção profissional e comunitária sobre a reinserção social dos usuários de drogas
Authors: Paiva Fernando Santana de , Ferreira Maira Leon , Martins Maria Zilda Fernandes , Barros Selma Luísa César de Farias , Ronzani Telmo Mota
Published: October 2014

O processo de reinserção social de usuários de substâncias psicoativas tem se configurado como uma das principais estratégias da Política Nacional sobre Drogas. Haja vista que o uso de substâncias emerge como um dos principais problemas de saúde pública na atualidade, o presente artigo teve como objetivo compreender as percepções dos atores sociais inseridos nas políticas da saúde, assistência social e lideranças comunitárias acerca do processo de reinserção social dos usuários de drogas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, onde foram realizadas doze entrevistas semiestruturadas com diferentes informantes-chave, inseridos em um território com elevados indicadores de uso de drogas. Os resultados apontam para os desafios no processo de inserção efetiva dos usuários de drogas em razão da existência de uma rede assistencial multissetorial, um profundo processo de estigmatização social, a naturalização do uso de drogas, a responsabilização da família, além da sobrecarga de trabalho nas políticas públicas.
A construção cultural de significados sobre adoção: um processo semiótico
Authors: Valério Tatiana Alves de Melo , Lyra Maria C. D. P.
Published: October 2014

Buscamos compreender o processo de construção de significados sobre adoção abordando um membro da família extensa de um caso de adoção satisfatória, utilizando os fundamentos teórico-metodológicos da Psicologia Cultural Semiótica de orientação idiográfica. Destacamos a dinâmica entre os significados que existem na cultura coletiva, em transformação, e a construção pessoal de significados. A construção dos significados da adoção, mesmo numa família cuja adoção é aceita por todos, é caracterizada pela existência de uma tensão constante e pela ambivalência entre a cultura coletiva - carregada de mitos e preconceitos partilhados num sistema de mensagens redundantes, mas também refletindo um processo atual no qual a adoção se apresenta como louvável e desejável - e a construção progressiva de uma cultura pessoal. Algumas sugestões sobre direções úteis para o trabalho de orientação a pretendentes à adoção e aos grupos de apoio a mesma são sugeridas.
Oficinas de história de vida: uma construção metodológica no enlace entre psicanálise e saúde coletiva
Authors: Conte Marta , Silveira Marília , Torossian Sandra Djambolakdjian , Minayo Maria Cecília de Souza
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a História de Vida como metodologia modificada para utilização em grupo. Tal ferramenta foi usada na pesquisa A construção identitária na adolescência em contextos violentos na perspectiva da Clínica em Saúde Mental, financiada pelo Edital 033/2008 do CNPq e desenvolvida em 2009 e 2010. Analisamos as potencialidades da História de Vida, proposta como dispositivo grupal, possibilitador de narrativas coletivas e ficcionais, compartilhadas e testemunhadas pelo grupo. O campo teórico do presente trabalho aproxima a Psicanálise da Saúde Coletiva. Visa, também, à construção de ferramentas clínicas e de alternativas singulares e coletivas de expressão psicossocial possíveis de serem utilizadas para além do campo da pesquisa, na clínica, na assistência social, na interface da saúde-justiça- direitos humanos voltadas aos adolescentes atendidos em serviços públicos.
Desenvolvimento de liga sinterizada de níquel por moldagem de pós por injeção
Authors: Parucker Moisés Luiz , Klein Aloisio Nelmo , Binder Roberto
Published: October 2014

A moldagem de pós por injeção é um processo de fabricação de elevada produtividade que possibilita obter componentes de geometria complexa, estreita precisão dimensional e boas propriedades mecânicas. Neste processo, uma mistura de uma determinada quantidade de pós e ligantes orgânicos (polímeros, ceras e óleos) é obtida por meio de uma massa de injeção (feedstock) o qual tem características reológicas adequadas para promover a injeção desta massa em uma cavidade de um molde. A produção de ligas de níquel por meio deste processo é uma alternativa para produção de produtos que requerem aplicações avançadas onde se exige resistência a corrosão e oxidação, resistência mecânica a altas temperaturas e baixo coeficiente de atrito. Neste trabalho apresentamos um estudo das propriedades microestruturais e mecânicas de uma liga de níquel (Ni-Fe-Cr-P) processada via moldagem de pós por injeção, utilizando pós de níquel carbonila com e sem a presença de fase líquida durante a sinterização. Os resultados foram comparados com a mesma liga processada por compactação de pós. Os resultados demonstraram a necessidade de maior quantidade de matéria orgânica para o desenvolvimento da massa de injeção (feedstock: 15% m/m de polímero) para os tipos de pós metálicos utilizados (níquel carbonila do tipo INCO 123) se comparado ao feedstock de ligas comerciais que normalmente utilizam uma quantidade menor de matéria orgânica (feedstock: 9% m/m de polímero). A maior quantidade de matéria orgânica necessária para a preparação do feedstock deve-se a morfologia dos pós empregados (superficie rugosa - tipo spiky) que promove retenção de carbono durante o processo de extração, ocasionando a necessidade de otimização do ciclo de extração térmica e sinterização. Ciclos mais lentos e a baixa temperatura promoveram a total retirada dos ligantes. A liga de Ni-Fe-Cr-P injetada apresentou contração de aproximadamente 50%, além de elevado teor de poros quando comparado ao material compactado, o que influenciou as propriedades mecânicas e dureza aparente do material.
Influência da variação do tamanho de grão austenítico na qualidade superficial no processo de microfresamento do aço AISI H13 endurecido
Authors: Lauro Carlos Henrique , Ribeiro Filho Sergio Luiz Moni , Christoforo André Luis , Brandão Lincoln Cardoso
Published: October 2014

O foco deste trabalho foi o estudo da influência do tamanho de grão austenítico na qualidade superficial durante o processo de micro fresamento de aços endurecidos. Corpos de prova com durezas de 46 HRC e com diferentes tamanhos de grão foram fresados com micro fresas de topo com 0,5 mm de diâmetro. Nos testes experimentais foram empregadas duas velocidades de corte e dois avanços por dente. Os resultados foram analisados empregando-se uma análise de variância e demonstraram que a velocidade de corte e o avanço não tiveram influência no comportamento da rugosidade considerando os parâmetros Ra e Rz. Dessa forma, pode-se observar que o fator mais importante foi o tamanho de grão que influenciou significativamente os valores de rugosidade Ra e Rz. Além disso, observou-se também que a interação das variáveis de entrada não demonstrou influência significativa sobre as respostas rugosidade Ra e Rz.
Compósitos de PVC rígido e fibras de bananeira: Efeito do tratamento da fibra
Authors: Becker D. , Kleinschmidt A. C. , Balzer P. S.
Published: October 2014

O interesse de compósitos de fibras naturais com polímeros termoplásticos vem crescendo a cada ano. As fibras naturais apresentam vantagens como baixa massa específica, baixa abrasividade, baixo custo, são biodegradáveis e autossustentáveis, pois são de origem natural e de fonte renovável. Dentre as resinas termoplásticas viáveis para o emprego de fibras de bananeira destaca-se a resina de poli (cloreto de vinila)-PVC por sua versatilidade em relação a sua formulação, pois há a necessidade da incorporação de aditivos durante o seu processamento, tornando-a adaptável a múltiplas aplicações. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a influência do tipo de tratamento das fibras de bananeira (FB) nas propriedades do PVC rígido (PVCr). Propriedades mecânicas, estabilidade térmica e absorção de água dos compósitos PVC/FB foram avaliados em relação ao efeito dos tratamentos alcalino, com anidrido maleico e acetilação das fibras de bananeiras. Os compósitos foram obtidos em misturador aberto de dois rolos seguido de injeção dos corpos de provas. Os resultados indicam que o tratamento com anidrido maleico e a acetilação apresentam melhor resistência ao impacto e menor absorção de água do que o tratamento alcalino. As propriedades térmicas não apresentaram alterações significativas com a adição de fibras de bananeiras tratadas e não tratadas.
Carbeto de Silício como Material Base para Sensores MEMS de Uso Aeroespacial: Uma Visão Geral
Authors: Fraga M.A. , Pessoa R. S. , Massi M. , Maciel H. S.
Published: October 2014

Este artigo discute o emprego do carbeto de silício (SiC), na forma de substrato e filme fino, em sensores MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) para aplicações em ambientes sujeitos a condições extremas, especialmente no setor aeroespacial. As propriedades físicas e químicas do SiC que o tornam um material adequado para dispositivos eletrônicos e sensores são descritas. Os conceitos, evolução e aplicações da tecnologia MEMS são apresentados. Uma visão geral sobre o estágio atual de desenvolvimento de sensores MEMS baseados em SiC e uma análise das pesquisas realizadas nesta área no exterior e no Brasil, tanto nas universidades quanto nas indústrias, são também apresentadas. Os recentes avanços alcançados, as dificuldades encontradas e o impacto dessas pesquisas são discutidos, bem como as perspectivas para um futuro próximo.
Modificaciones físicas, químicas y enzimáticas y sus efectos sobre las propiedades de las películas de quitosano
Authors: Valderrama N. , Albarracín W.
Published: October 2014

Las recientes investigaciones en el campo de biopolímeros han intentado brindar soluciones tecnológicas a los retos en el campo de la ciencia y la tecnología de los materiales. En los últimos años, se han llevado a cabo investigaciones con el objetivo de modificar las propiedades de películas empleando tratamientos enzimáticos y físicos, tales como la aplicación de radiaciones, pulsos eléctricos, plasma, tratamientos térmicos, uso de fluidos supercríticos, así como la conformación de películas en multicapas. Estas modificaciones cambian las propiedades antimicrobianas, físicas y químicas de las películas de quitosano y permiten desarrollar una extensa cantidad de aplicaciones en los campos de biomedicina, farmacología, biotecnología y en la industria de cosméticos y de alimentos. El objetivo del presente artículo de revisión es dar a conocer los nuevos avances en el campo de modificaciones físicas y enzimáticas de películas de quitosano explicando diferentes técnicas empleadas en los últimos años.
Estudo analítico da influência da correlação entre grandezas no cálculo da incerteza de medição da tensão de resistência mecânica
Authors: Oliveira José Eduardo Ferreira de
Published: October 2014

O cálculo da incerteza de medição em ensaios mecânicos é uma etapa primordial para a garantia da confiabilidade dos resultados apresentados. Porém, mesmo atribuindo-se um cálculo estatístico, não necessariamente se obterá um resultado realístico, por não se considerar, muitas vezes, todas as variáveis que contribuem significativamente para a incerteza de medição e por não se considerar o efeito da correlação entre variáveis quando ele se apresenta. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um estudo analítico da influência do coeficiente de correlação no cálculo da incerteza de medição da tensão limite de resistência mecânica, obtido através do ensaio de tração. No estudo experimental, variou-se o número de corpos de prova para a obtenção dos diferentes valores de coeficiente de correlação, com o intuito de se calcular a incerteza de medição considerando-se as grandezas correlacionadas e a incerteza de medição desprezando esse efeito. Através deste estudo foi possível se verificar o quanto a correlação entre a variação da força máxima e a variação do diâmetro da parte reduzida do corpo de prova pode influenciar o resultado da medição, além de apresentar a maneira correta de se calcular a incerteza padronizada combinada considerando a correlação.
Synthesis, characterisation and thermal degradation studies of copolymer resin
Authors: Gurnule Wasudeo B. , Bisen Vaishali R.
Published: October 2014

Copolymer (2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid-phenyl hydrazine-formaldehyde (2,4-DBPHF)) has been synthesised using monomers 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, phenyl hydrazine and formaldehyde in 1:1:2 molar proportions. The structure of 2,4-DBPHF copolymer has been elucidated on the basis of elemental analysis and various physicochemical techniques, such as ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,1H-NMR spectroscopy and13C-NMR spectroscopy. Detailed thermal degradation study of this new copolymer has been carried out to ascertain its thermal stability. Thermal degradation curve is discussed, which shows three decomposition steps. The activation energy (Ea) and thermal stability have been calculated by using Freeman–Carroll, Sharp–Wentworth, Friedman, Chang and Coats–Redfern methods. Thermodynamic parameters such as entropy change (ΔS), apparent entropy change (S*) and frequency factor (z) have also been evaluated on the basis of the data of Freeman–Carroll method.
An observation about global microstructure of ECAPed magnesium
Authors: Jiao Xing , Li Qizhen
Published: October 2014

A popular processing method, ECAP (equal channel angular pressing), was employed to process commercial pure magnesium. A magnesium sample experienced eight ECAP cycles, and then was sliced and prepared to observe the microstructure of two cross-section planes. The overall microstructure was obtained for both planes to reveal the global microscopic features of ECAPed magnesium. The results indicate that there are extensive deformation twins; different regions of each plane have different amounts of twins; overall, the center region tends to have fewer twins compared with the peripheral region for each cross-section plane; and the area of the region with low twin density decreases when the cross-section plane moves close to the middle of the sample along the pressing direction.
Briefing: Building cracking problems
Authors: Smith James Derek
Published: October 2014

Cracking of buildings as a result of vibration led to detailed measurement checks of levels. In some cases the problem was not conventional vibration but fast shock fronts. Theory then suggested that very fast rise times allowed shocks to be much more damaging than test vibrations. This alters permissible damage levels.
State and Trait Dissociation: Evaluating Convergent and Discriminant Validity
Authors: Condon Liam P. , Lynn Steven Jay
Published: October 2014

In an undergraduate sample ( N = 214), we examined the construct validity of the Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scales (CADSS; Bremner, Krystal, Putnam, Southwick, Marmar, Charney, et al., 1998) in the context of measures of state and trait dissociation, administered in conjunction with measures of depression, state anxiety, and affect. We found evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of the dissociation measures in terms of correlations among dissociation measures that exceeded the correlations of the dissociation measures with measures of other constructs. Internal consistencies of the dissociation measures exceeded .80. Multiple regression analyses provided further evidence of construct validity in that variance in dissociation scores was largely accounted for by scores on other dissociation measures. Nevertheless, measures of anxiety, affect, and depression accounted for incremental variance in the prediction of dissociation measures and therefore should be included in a comprehensive model of dissociation. Our results strongly support the construct validity of the measures of dissociation.
Moral Affects, Empathy, and Integrative Self-Knowledge in Iran
Authors: Ghorbani Nima , Watson P. J. , Lotfi Somaie , Chen Zhuo
Published: October 2014

In the more individualistic West, guilt promotes and shame interferes with empathic sensitivity. This investigation sought to determine if similar results would appear in the presumably more interdependent cultural context of Iran. Iranian university students ( N = 220) responded to guilt and shame scales along with measures of other-oriented empathy and empathic distress. As in the West, guilt predicted greater other-oriented empathy, shame correlated positively with empathic distress, and relationships with integrative self-knowledge, self-esteem, covert narcissism, depression, and anxiety confirmed guilt and other-oriented empathy as adaptive and shame and empathic distress as maladaptive. Integrative self-knowledge mediated shame but not guilt relationships with other measures. In contrast to Western findings, Iranian women did not score higher on shame, and guilt correlated positively with empathic distress. These data confirmed Iranian parallels with the previously reported dynamics of empathy and moral affects in the West, but Iranian differences also pointed toward the need for additional research.
Online Survey as Empathic Bridging for the Disenfranchised Grief of Pet Loss
Authors: Packman Wendy , Carmack Betty J. , Katz Rachel , Carlos France , Field Nigel P. , Landers Craig
Published: October 2014

The current cross-cultural study investigated grief reactions of bereaved individuals following the death of a pet. We used qualitative methodology to compare, analyze, and report responses of U.S. and French Canadian participants to the last open-ended question on our online pet loss survey. We explored the degree to which our data illustrated pet loss as disenfranchised grief and asked whether there are differences and commonalities in the expression of grief between the two samples. Four major themes emerged: lack of validation and support; intensity of loss; nature of the human pet relationship; and continuing bonds. Findings confirm that, for both the U.S. and French Canadian participants, pet loss is often disenfranchised grief and there are ways to facilitate expressions of grief. Many participants wrote that the survey was therapeutic. Our survey allowed participants to express their grief in an anonymous, safe way by serving as empathic bridging and a willingness to help others.
We Rise Out of the Cradle into the Grave: An Ethnographic Exploration of Ritual, Mourning, and Death on a Hutterite Colony
Authors: Cacciatore Joanne , Thieleman Kara
Published: October 2014

The Hutterites are a closed ethnoreligious community whose funeral traditions have remained unchanged for centuries. Few researchers have had the opportunity to study this unique group. This study is an ethnographic exploration into the experience of child death and ritual on a Hutterite colony utilizing participant-observation and interviewing. Three recurrent themes emerged: ritual/tradition, spirituality/faith, and social cohesion and integration/group identity. Observed rituals are situated within the broader framework. While some aspects of the response to death may resemble those of mainstream culture, a deeper evaluation of descriptive and structural specifics reveals some important differences. Most of the cultural contrast is contained in concrete social enactment of death rituals, shared identity, and the immutable faith in God at the center of the Hutterite mourning process. These factors may help account for the low rates of mental disorders seen among Hutterites, even following traumatic events, and would be worthy of further investigation.
Suicide and Perfectionism: A Psychological Autopsy Study of Non-Clinical Suicides
Authors: Kiamanesh Parvin , Dyregrov Kari , Haavind Hanne , Dieserud Gudrun
Published: October 2014

This study explores suicide in relation to perfectionism among individuals who died by suicide with no history of treatment in mental health care or of suicide attempts. The study is part of an ongoing psychological autopsy study (PA-study). It aimed to produce a phenomenological understanding of the dynamics/processes from perfectionism to suicide among 6 men aged 22 to 58. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the interview data of 41 key informants. Based on the informants' narratives, it seemed that perfectionism left these men less able to cope with their (self-perceived) inability to meet their high expectations. Four themes emerged from analysis: 1) striving for success; 2) fear of failure; 3) keeping up the facade; and 4) rigidity. The results may be important in the prevention of nonclinical suicides, a group that is particularly difficult to identify, especially if the deceased have been regarded as very successful in many areas.
Pediatric Bereavement Services: A Survey of Practices at Children's Hospitals
Authors: Borgman C. Jan , Meyer Marcella Cameron , Fitzgerald Michael
Published: October 2014

The death of a child can be an overwhelming experience for parents. Hospitals are often the first place to get information or to seek services, yet little is known about what types of bereavement services, information, or support are typically available. This study was designed to identify types of bereavement support offered to parents whose child died at a pediatric hospital, to ascertain who provides support and to see how those services are institutionally organized and funded. The investigation gathered data using an online, custom-designed survey completed by bereavement providers at 122 of the 188 pediatric hospitals invited to participate. This article summarizes the ways hospitals follow-up with families, from provision of educational materials to a menu of support services including memorial services, counseling, and community referrals.
Boundary Crossing: Chinese Orthopedic Surgeons as Researchers
Authors: Li Yongyan
Published: October 2014

In hospitals around the world it is common to find clinician researchers who play the dual roles of clinician and researcher. In major Chinese hospitals, the young generation of clinical doctors, especially those who hold a doctoral degree, is commonly expected to stay research-active. The study reported in this article was conducted at a major hospital in East China, featuring a group of orthopedic surgeons for whom there is an SCI-publication requirement. The study draws upon cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) to illuminate the medical doctors' boundary crossing between clinical and research activity systems. Based on analyses of observations, interviews with 11 research-active doctors, and 2 weeks of activity logs kept by three of the doctors, the article demonstrates how the doctors take the advantage of rich clinical data for research purposes and how they “squeeze time” for research.
Perceiving that one's partner is supportive moderates the associations among attachment insecurity and psychosexual variables
Authors: Péloquin Katherine , Bigras Noémie , Brassard Audrey , Godbout Natacha
Published: October 2014

Attachment representations are associated with psychosexual adjustment in intimate relationships (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007). Few studies, however, have investigated relationship processes modulating the effect of attachment insecurity on sexuality (Dewitte, 2012). This study examined whether perceived partner support moderates associations among romantic attachment (i.e., anxiety and avoidance) and sexual self-esteem, sexual anxiety, and sexual assertiveness in individuals involved in a romantic relationship (N=214). Results showed that individuals high on avoidance reported lower sexual self-esteem and assertiveness, as well as more sexual anxiety. Unexpectedly, they reported more sexual anxiety and poorer sexual assertiveness when partner support was perceived to be high. Moreover, low perceived partner support was related to higher sexual self-esteem in women scoring high on attachment avoidance whereas high perceived partner support was related to higher sexual self-esteem in men scoring high on avoidance. Individuals scoring high on attachment anxiety reported poorer sexual self-esteem and more sexual anxiety when partner support was perceived to be low, but attachment anxiety was unrelated to either sexual anxiety or self-esteem when partner support was perceived to be high. Findings are consistent with attachment theory and suggest clinical implications for individuals presenting with attachment insecurity.
Risky sexual behaviours: The role of substance use, psychopathic traits, and attachment insecurity among adolescents and young adults in Quebec
Authors: Lemelin Carmen , Lussier Yvan , Sabourin Stéphane , Brassard Audrey , Naud Christopher
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine how substance use, psychopathic traits, and attachment representations explain sexual risk-taking in adolescence. Variables used to define risky sexual behaviours were age at first sexual intercourse and number of lifetime sexual partners. A sample of 1,553 adolescents and young adults completed a battery of questionnaires including measures of substance use, psychopathic traits, attachment representations, and sexual behaviours. Structural equation modelling demonstrated that, in the present sample, risky sexual behaviours were best modelled through both direct effects of avoidant attachment representations and indirect effects of psychopathic traits and abandonment anxiety through increases in substance use. This model was gender-invariant and may represent a contemporary trend toward homogenization of sexual practices among young people in Quebec.
State of Knowledge and Practice
Authors: Jordan Brooke , Makler Jon , Bertini Robert
Published: October 2014

This study examined the capacity of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to reduce energy consumption in the transportation sector. Research included a literature review focused on the energy-saving capacity of ITS technologies and interviews with ITS stakeholders and transportation experts and practitioners. A case study of an ITS project in Portland, Oregon, was used to illustrate the challenges and the opportunities associated with implementing ITS technologies. The objective of this study was to document the state of knowledge and practice and to create a resource for action and implementation of ITS technologies with energy savings as a goal. There is a lack of empirical evidence to substantiate the capacity of ITS to reduce energy consumption in the transportation sector. However, research indicates that the use of ITS has contributed to reductions in vehicular delay but further benefits may be limited. In contrast, ITS does have the potential to reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT), with significant benefits, although the benefits are uncertain. The shortage of empirical evidence of ITS benefits may be a function of the limited interest in the energy and environmental benefits of ITS compared with the interest in congestion and safety. In the ITS industry, the focus is on the connected vehicle initiative and, more broadly, the many opportunities to integrate and to leverage multiple ITS applications. There are opportunities to deploy ITS technologies with the purpose of reducing energy consumption in the transportation sector, to document any gains, and to address the lack of evidence supporting the energy-reducing capacity of ITS.
Effect of Tactile Location, Pulse Duration, and Interpulse Interval on Perceived Urgency
Authors: Lewis Bridget A. , Eisert Jesse L. , Baldwin Carryl L.
Published: October 2014

Tactile displays hold promise as an effective and efficient means of presenting a wide range of information to the driver. This study examined the subjective perceptions of urgency and annoyance for tactile signals of different pulse duration, interpulse interval (IPI), and pulse pattern from devices called tactors located on the wrist, on the waist belt, or in the seat pan. Results revealed significant utility (steep increases in urgency without similarly steep increases in annoyance) for signals presented in pulse durations from 10 to 150 ms with decreasing utility beyond this range (200 ms or greater). Perceived urgency showed a decreasing trend as the IPI increased. Strikingly similar magnitude estimation functions were obtained across the three tactor locations. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for tactile display design in vehicles.
Review of Variable Speed Limits and Advisories
Authors: Lu Xiao-Yun , Shladover Steven E.
Published: October 2014

Previous studies on variable speed limits (VSLs) were reviewed. These studies were classified as three types: simulations for algorithm development and evaluations, VSL implementation and field testing, and a combination of VSLs with ramp metering. The review considered strategies and algorithms, targeted traffic improvements (safety, throughput, etc.), applicable traffic conditions, performance evaluations, and simulation or test results and their implications. Most practices in Europe indicated that the use of VSLs was effective in both traffic safety and flow improvement, although the former was more significant. Practices in the United States indicated that safety improvement was significant but the impact on traffic flow was controversial. Practices are summarized, and some new viewpoints and future research directions are presented.
Enhanced Modeling of Driver Stop-or-Run Actions at a Yellow Indication
Authors: Elhenawy Mohammed , Rakha Hesham A. , El-Shawarby Ihab
Published: October 2014

The ability to model driver stop-or-run behavior at signalized intersections is critical in the design of advanced driver assistance systems. Such systems can reduce intersection crashes and fatalities by predicting driver stop-or-run behavior. The research presented in this paper used data collected from a controlled field experiment on the smart road at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute to model driver stop-or-run behavior at the onset of a yellow indication. The paper offers three contributions. First, it evaluates the importance of various model predictors in the modeling of driver stop-or-run behavior in the vicinity of signalized intersections. Second, this paper introduces a new variable related to driver aggressiveness and demonstrates that this measure enhances the modeling of driver stop-or-run behavior. Third, the paper applies well-known machine learning techniques, including k nearest neighbor (k nn), random forests, and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) techniques on the data and compares their performance to standard logistic models in an attempt to identify the optimum modeling framework. The experimental work shows that adding the driver aggressiveness predictor to the model increases the model accuracy by approximately 10% for the logistic, random forest, and k nn models and by 7% for the AdaBoost model. The paper also demonstrates that all modeling frameworks produce similar prediction accuracies.
Traveler Use of and Response to Real-Time Traffic and Traveler Information
Authors: Petrella Margaret , Minnice Paul , Lappin Jane
Published: October 2014

This paper presents baseline findings from a panel survey of regular peak hour travelers of the US-75 corridor in Dallas, Texas, and the I-15 corridor in San Diego, California. This survey was conducted as part of the evaluation of the Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) Initiative. The baseline survey, conducted before the deployment of the ICM Initiative, collected data on travelers’ typical travel in the corridor, their satisfaction with their peak hour trips, their awareness and use of real-time traffic information, and their satisfaction with the information. In addition, recruited respondents were asked to complete brief pulse surveys administered immediately following incidents in the corridor to measure the use of information and its impact on travel during incident conditions. The surveys provide insights on travelers’ use of real-time traffic and travel information and its impact on their travel decisions in two major metropolitan corridors. Through a comparison of the two sites, the findings illuminate how the use of traveler information is conditioned, at least in part, by regional and situational context. In Dallas, respondents were faced with greater traffic congestion and delay, and they were more likely to consult information for their peak hour trips in the corridor. Their use of radio and electronic message signs, two of the most common sources of information, was significantly higher compared with the San Diego sample. In addition, the availability of alternate routes may affect how travelers use real-time traffic information. In Dallas, where respondents reported greater use of alternate routes, both under typical circumstances as well as in the face of severe congestion, significantly more respondents used real-time information to make routing decisions.
Development of Strategic Plan for Deployment of Intelligent Transportation System Equipment
Authors: Gartner Nathan H. , Stamatiadis Chronis , Srinivas Sushma , Feula Austin
Published: October 2014

This paper develops a methodology for the strategic placement of intelligent transportation system (ITS) devices such as variable message signs (VMSs) and closed circuit video equipment (CCVE) across a highway network. These devices are widely used by highway departments to observe and to detect highway incidents and to communicate with drivers. The devices have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing delays and accidents, increasing throughput, and providing real-time information to the motoring public. Although motorists cannot measure directly the benefits associated with these devices over their lifetime, this study has adopted surrogate measures for the evaluation of the benefits that accrue to motorists. The methodology uses a utility index decision criterion composed of the following four components: crash frequency, diversion opportunity, level of congestion, and traffic exposure. Each of these measures addresses an aspect of the benefits associated with the installation of the ITS elements. By combining them in a utility index, an overall measure of the benefits contributed by these elements can be obtained. The utility index is calculated for each link of the highway network, and a priority list for instrumenting the links with the highest potential return is developed. The methodology described in this paper was used to develop a strategic plan for the placement of VMSs and CCVE along the highway network operated by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation Highway Operations Center.
Investigation of the Neuroprotective Impact of Nimodipine on Neuro2a Cells by Means of a Surgery-Like Stress Model
Authors: Herzfeld Eva , Strauss Christian , Simmermacher Sebastian , Bork Kaya , Horstkorte Rüdiger , Dehghani Faramarz , Scheller Christian
Published: October 2014

Nimodipine is well characterized for the management of SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage) and has been shown to promote a better outcome and less DIND (delayed ischemic neurological deficits). In rat experiments, enhanced axonal sprouting and higher survival of motoneurons was demonstrated after cutting or crushing the facial nerve by nimodipine. These results were confirmed in clinical trials following vestibular Schwannoma surgery. The mechanism of the protective competence of nimodipine is unknown. Therefore, in this study, we established an in vitro model to examine the survival of Neuro2a cells after different stress stimuli occurring during surgery with or without nimodipine. Nimodipine significantly decreased ethanol-induced cell death of cells up to approximately 9% in all tested concentrations. Heat-induced cell death was diminished by approximately 2.5% by nimodipine. Cell death induced by mechanical treatment was reduced up to 15% by nimodipine. Our findings indicate that nimodipine rescues Neuro2a cells faintly, but significantly, from ethanol-, heat- and mechanically-induced cell death to different extents in a dosage-dependent manner. This model seems suitable for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective signal pathways influenced by nimodipine.
Safety and Feasibility of Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning in Patients with Unilateral Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis and Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Li Sijie , Ma Chun , Shao Guo , Esmail Fatema , Hua Yang , Jia Lingyun , Qin Jian , Ren Changhong , Luo Yumin , Ding Yuchun , Borlongan Cesario V. , Ji Xunming
Published: October 2014

Previous studies have indicated a neuroprotective effect of remote limb ischemic preconditioning. The aim of the present study was to assess whether upper arm ischemic preconditioning is feasible and safe in patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis compared to healthy volunteers. Ten patients with unilateral MCA stenosis and 24 healthy volunteers underwent limb ischemic preconditioning, consisting of five cycles of 5-min inflations of a blood pressure cuff to 200 mmHg around an upper limb followed by 5 min of reperfusion. Limb ischemic preconditioning has no significant effect on the heart rate, oxygenation index, or mean flow velocity in patients with unilateral MCA stenosis or healthy volunteers. However, healthy volunteers showed a reduction in blood pressure 30 min following reperfusion of the last cycle. Limb ischemic preconditioning was found to be safe and well tolerated in both patients and healthy volunteers. We highlight the potential of limb ischemic preconditioning as an adjunct to neuroprotective treatment.
Travail de la relation
Authors: Calvet Maxime-Hélène , Moro Marie Rose
Published: October 2014

Cet article s’appuie sur une enquête menée en 2012 par M. H. Calvet auprès des Maisons des Adolescents. L’objet était de questionner la place faite aux parents par les mda , dispositifs destinés en première adresse aux adolescents. L’approche privilégiée est une approche sémantique : le discours des mda , leur façon de nommer les parents, de dire la relation de ces derniers tant avec leur adolescent qu’avec les mda elles-mêmes.
Collusions et constructions
Authors: Di Giacomo Francesca , Martin Solène , Paupe Gaëlle , Lida-Pulik Hélène
Published: October 2014

Dans le dispositif d’accueil des adolescents et de leurs parents à la Maison des Adolescents Yvelines Sud, un des principaux écueils pour les thérapeutes-accueillants est le risque de collusion avec certains mécanismes défensifs des jeunes et/ou de leurs familles. Ces collusions peuvent entraver le travail de narration et de co-construction, au cours des rencontres, à partir des représentations des adolescents, de leur environnement proche, des difficultés dans leur parcours et des ressources sur leur territoire.
Un groupe pour les parents
Authors: Giraud Catherine , Moro Marie Rose
Published: October 2014

Huit années de pratique d’un groupe de parole pour parents d’adolescentes atteintes de tca à la Maison de Solenn ont amené les observations suivantes : contre le risque de clôture du système familial, la fréquentation du groupe, co-animé par un binôme parent-soignant, procure un sentiment d’appartenance et permet un « retour en société ». L’effet « contenant » sur les mouvements psychiques accélère la mobilisation des ressources familiales et l’alliance thérapeutique. L’importance des liens d’attachement qui se nouent permet aussi de considérer le groupe comme un lieu d’entraide.
Les fantaisies partagées
Authors: Atger Ioana
Published: October 2014

Les familles des patients adolescents hospitalisés en soins-études et les équipes soignantes partagent des fantaisies communes de séparation-adoption, de réparation-destruction et de séduction-rejet. Dans cette « constellation adolescente », parents et équipes se retrouvent régulièrement en position d’identification, de projection, d’isomorphisme, de reflet systémique, de résonance. Ces phénomènes mettent les équipes en difficulté mais leur compréhension et leur élaboration est une chance à la fois pour les patients, leur famille et les institutions.
Une nouvelle « guerre sans nom » ?
Authors: Buisson-Fenet Emmanuel
Published: October 2014

Résumé L’Algérie vue d’ici n’est pas ignorée, les attentats en France l’ont déjà par deux foisviolemment rappelée à notre souvenir. Simplement on la regarde d’un air étonné, et cet étonnement est effrayant.
Un démon dans les oreilles
Authors: Sève Bernard
Published: October 2014

Résumé Beethoven était sourd. C’est pourtant encore lui qui nous apprend à entendre, si nous voulons bien lui prêter l’oreille.
Sissy boy
Authors: Llamas Ricardo
Published: October 2014

Résumé Homosexualité et adolescence.
un drame musical instantané
Authors: Ollivier Stéphane
Published: October 2014

Résumé Voilà plus de vingt ans maintenant qu’un drame musical instantané travaille à transgresser joyeusement les frontières entre l’art et la vie... musique, théâtre, cinéma, littérature, aujourd’hui multimédia : autant de domaines investis, traversés, pillés, revivifiés par la grâce d’agencements inédits. un projet ambitieux pour un champ d’action illimité. une formation atypique, marginale par nature : la marge, n’est-ce pas ce qui relie ?
Un brunch dont vous ne serez pas peu fière
Authors: Celse Michel
Published: October 2014

Résumé Le brunch est au menu d’ordonnance classique ce que la révolution sexuelle fut à la conjugalité hétéro monogame. C’est l’idéal pour inviter quelques vieilles copines des deux sexes au lendemain d’un jour que d’aucuns sont fiers de fêter.
La matière littéraire
Authors: Mesnard Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé A partir d'une conversation avec Olivier Cadiot et Pierre Alferi.
Les centres de langues : des dispositifs pluriels à un dispositif modélisé ?
Authors: Rivens Mompean Annick
Published: October 2014

Les centres de langues dans les universités françaises ont des modalités de fonctionnement peu normées et plurielles. Les apprenants ont des besoins variés, de la langue généraliste de communication à la langue de spécialité. Les moyens offerts (structurels, financiers ou pédagogiques) ainsi que le type de ressources privilégiées sont également variables, entre présence et distance, des ressources numériques au conseil individualisé…Pour trouver des éléments unifiants au sein de cette diversité, nous proposons une modélisation du "centre de langues", afin de faire émerger les éléments récurrents, essentiels et constitutifs de ce dispositif d'apprentissage. Nous proposons ainsi cinq volets qui nous semblent fondamentaux pour appréhender la question des centres de langues : le contexte européen pour l'enseignement / apprentissage des langues, le statut de la langue, l'évolution temporelle, les notions didactiques à convoquer – en particulier autour des questions d'apprentissage des langues médiatisé et d'autonomie d'apprentissage, qui permettent d'aboutir à une modélisation, nécessairement évolutive, en fonction des pratiques mouvantes de ces champs de recherche.
Fuelling the Borderland: Power and Petrol in Goma and Gisenyi
Authors: Lamarque Hugh
Published: October 2014

Goma and Gisenyi form a single conurbation that straddles the border between the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Rwanda. Thriving off the borderland environment, the Association des Petits Pétroliers du Nord Kivu (A.P.PE.NO.KI) is monopolizing the second-economy distribution of petrol in Goma, a commodity essential to the basic functioning of the city. This group has mirrored the Congolese state’s top-down political structure. Interaction between A.P.PE.NO.KI and local authorities occurs along a number of tiers that transect their respective hierarchies. I argue that this has led to a de facto institutional integration of the two. What results is a proliferation of domestic sovereignty that contributes to the ongoing fragmentation of the Congolese state.
An Attempt to Estimating Informal Trade Across Tunisia’s Land Borders
Authors: Ayadi Lotfi , Benjamin Nancy , Bensassi Sami , Raballand Gaël
Published: October 2014

This paper uses mirror statistics and research in the field to estimate the magnitude of Tunisia’s informal trade with Libya and Algeria. The aim is to assess the scale of this trade. The main findings show that informal trade represents an important part of the Tunisia’s bilateral trade with Libya and Algeria, accounting for more than half the official trade with Libya and more than official trade with Algeria. The main reasons behind this large-scale informal trade are differences in the levels of subsidies on either side of the border as well as the varying tax regimes. Tackling informal trade is not simply a question of stepping up the number of controls and sanctions, because differences in prices lead to informal trade (and to an increase in corruption levels among border officials) even in cases where the sanctions are severe.
Trade Flows Between the United States and Mexico: NAFTA and the Border Region
Authors: Barajas Ismael Aguilar , Sisto Nicholas P. , Gaytán Edgardo Ayala , Cantú Joana Chapa , López Benjamín Hidalgo
Published: October 2014

Since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into force in 1994, U.S.-Mexico trade has soared. The regional structure of trade flows within Mexico however has been hardly documented. This paper offers an analysis of state-level U.S.-Mexico trade flows. We find that the regional structure of bi-national trade under NAFTA has remained quite stable. Border States, in particular Texas and the Northeastern Mexico states, have consistently played a large role in overall U.S.-Mexico trade; nonetheless some non-borders states have also weighed heavily in that relationship, especially Michigan and Central Mexico states. The regional features of trade we identify point to varied and multi-layered border and trans-border dynamics that go beyond a simple border effect. Furthermore, we find that economic integration in the Texas-Northeastern Mexico region has intensified significantly under NAFTA in terms of business cycle synchronization. Moreover the region has come to display a considerable level of economic interdependence, as evidenced by the relatively large share of Northeastern Mexico’s economic output linked to its trade with Texas. These bi-national, border region economic linkages present opportunities as well as challenges for both national economic policies and the management of the shared border.
Intra-muros
Authors: Solini Laurent , Basson Jean-Charles
Published: October 2014

Forme carcérale récente de gouvernement de la jeunesse délinquante, l’établissement pénitentiaire pour mineurs (EPM) se prête à une décentration du regard sociologique propre à appréhender la détention par le bas. Une sociologie des expériences de détention permet ainsi de saisir les initiatives entreprises par les jeunes prisonniers afin de parvenir à une mise en scène de soi constituant le moyen privilégié d’amélioration de leur quotidien carcéral. Soumis à la double contrainte consistant à répondre aux exigences des différents professionnels intervenant dans l’institution tout en satisfaisant aux attentes et codes des codétenus, les adolescents incarcérés font valoir une posture biface qui conditionne leur vie en prison. Regroupés au sein de nombreuses activités collectives organisées dans des environnements partagés, les mineurs tentent de tirer parti des dispositions spatio-temporelles présentées par l’EPM pour faire la démonstration, plus ou moins ostensiblement, de leurs capacités à investir des comportements et des conduites susceptibles de leur garantir la production d’une impression idéalisée d’eux-mêmes livrée à tous.
Ciro René Lafón y su Pequeña Historia del Museo Etnográfico y la antropología de Buenos Aires
Authors: Guber Rosana
Published: October 2014

El registro que aquí se presenta corresponde a la historia inédita del doctor en antropología, arqueólogo y profesor de arqueología de la Licenciatura de Ciencias Antropológicas de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires entre 1950 y 1974, Ciro René Lafón, sobre su paso por el Museo Etnográfico de Buenos Aires y su desempeño docente. En ésta que él llama “Pequeña Historia”, Lafón narra su experiencia y los esfuerzos de la comunidad académica de entonces hacia la profesionalización de la disciplina. Presenta así las gestiones, los logros, y también los obstáculos internos y externos. Y lo hace desde una perspectiva que torna único a este testimonio: su continuidad a través de épocas signadas por la ruptura, la intervención y la polarización política.