bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WEB-BASED AUDIO-VISUAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS IN MONITORING CHILDREN’S GROWTH TO PREVENT STUNTING
Authors: Ernawati Rini , Rahman Ferry , Khoiroh M Siti , Rahmah F Dwi , Milkhatun  , Sulistiawan Jovi , Moslehpour Massoud
Published: November 2021

In this study, we explore comparing mothers’ knowledge of health education conducted through web-based audio-visual media between the intervention group and the control group who only read books on maternal and child health. This study employed criteria for the respondents: mothers who have toddlers, both in the control and treatment groups. The respondents were asked to fill out a questionnaire ( post-test). Meanwhile, for the control group, after the pre-test, the respondents read a book on maternal and child health for 10 minutes, then continued filling out the questionnaire (post-test). Health education through web applications is more effective with statistical values, 60 for pre-test scores and 80 for post-test scores (p = 0.000), while the score of education which is only by reading books from the control group, shows the same score for both pre and post-test score, 70 (p = 0.960). Health education through web-based applications consisting of videos about the growth and development of toddlers and stunting can increase mother’s knowledge about monitoring the growth and development of toddlers and is expected to prevent stunting
Antioxidant Activities of Bingöl Royal Jelly on SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Eray , AYNA Adnan , TUNÇ Abdullah , ÖZBOLAT Sedanur , BENGÜ A. Şükrü , AYKUTOĞLU Gürkan , ÇİFTCİ Mehmet , DARENDELİOĞLU Ekrem
Published: November 2021

Royal Jelly is a bee product with high protein content is a unique nutrient for the queen honeybee. It leads to a substantial elongation of the lifetime of the queen in comparison to the worker honeybees via anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-microbial properties. Flavonoids naturally have reported to have anticancer activities thanks to their potent antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of RJ is attributed to its rich flavonoid content however anti-oxidant activities of the Bingöl RJ has yet to be explored in detail. The goal of the current study was to investigate the antioxidant activities of Bingöl RJ on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The results of our study revealed that Bingöl RJ at a concentration of 0.3 mg/ml significantly augmented ROS level in SH-SY5Y cells while 0.5 mg/ml of RJ had almost no effect on ROS levels. The levels of malondialdehyde in SH-SY5Y cells considerably increased in the presence of 0.3 mg/ml RJ while 0.5 mg/ml RJ had no significant impact on MDA levels in SH-SY5Y cells. The results showed that RJ treatment 0.3 mg/ml) significantly lowered the activities of SOD and CAT activity while 0.5 mg/ml of RJ had negligible effect indicating that RJ could protect the cell membranes from radical mediated cell injuries.
Ecological Resistance Movements: A Case Study From Ghana
Authors: Awuah-Nyamekye Samuel
Published: November 2021

The issue of mismanagement of natural resources and its attendant effects of environmental degradation across  the globe has engaged the attention of environmentalists, activists including organisations that  can  be  described  as  environmental  resistant  movements. Ghana is facing serious environmental problems and one factor for this  is  its  increased  dependence  on  the  extractive  sector  of  the economy. Many have shown concern about this problem and have taken bold initiative to do something to address the problem. This has  concretely  manifested  itself  in  the  formation  of  a  number  of movements  mainly  in  the  form  of  NGOs  which  are  locally--based over  the  years.  Wassa  Association  of  Communities  Affected  by Mining  (WACAM),  which  has  been  selected  as  a  case  study  is informed  by  the  successes  it  has  chalked  in  the  areas  of activism,advocacy  and  influencing  policy  especially  on  mining  in the  Wassa  Area  in  particular,  and  Ghana  in  general  and  possibly beyond.
The Mallam and “Mallamism” in Ghana: An Exploration of the Functions of Muslim Clerics in the Wa Municipality
Authors: Abdulmoomin Mohammed Abubakar
Published: November 2021

In Islam, Muslim clerics are the heirs of the prophets. They represent a continuation of the prophetic traditions and functions in the Muslim community. These Muslim clerics are known as mallams in Ghana. Indeed, as heirs of the prophets, the mallams contribute towards promoting the wellbeing of the people in both the sacred and profane spaces. However, those clerics who participate in the production of spiritual goods and services are the only ones the general public refers to as mallams. The Ghanaian populace believes that the title mallam is the exclusive preserve of those who have the ability to manipulate the course of events as mallam. As a result, Ghanaians often ascribe ‘the unexpected’ to the works of the mallams. The mallam is, therefore, generally perceived as an exclusive agent of the spiritual. This paper explores aspects of the activities of the mallam in Ghana, using the Wa Muslim community as the site of exploration. The paper argues that although some of them render many spiritual services, dissemination of Islamic heritage is the main function of the mallam. The paper explains that the influence of the mallam in the past and their presence in the media in contemporary times together contribute to the perception about the mallam in Ghana today. It concludes that exclusively limiting the title to the spiritualist only is, therefore, not sustainable.
Joseph’s Principle of ‘Saving’ in Genesis 41: 46- 57 and its Implications for Proper Management of National Wealth in Nigeria Context
Authors: Shogunle Nathaniel Oluwaseyi
Published: November 2021

Poor resource management has been a problem in many resource rich countries in Africa, including Nigeria. Nigeria as the world’s eleventh largest oil exporter with immense wealth coming from annual oil production and trade continues to suffer from poor resource management as a result of corruption, ineptitude, poor leadership, etc. This challenge has therefore led to increased poverty among the people, unemployment, poor infrastructural development, resource-control conflicts as well as ethno-religious conflicts, among others. However, the historical account as recorded in Genesis 41: 46-57 about a major economic recession to be experienced in Egypt, that would lead to seven years famine and drought all over the ‘world’ aptly captured Nigeria’s economic mismanagement debacle. But, by sustainable economic management, statecraft, and acquired skills with integrity, patriotism, and servant-leadership style, Joseph was able to steer the nation (and the then world) out of global economic recession using a major natural endowment of Egypt: Agriculture. It is this challenge of national wealth/economic (mis)management in Nigeria that this paper examined. The Paper employed historical-critical methodology with diachronic exegetical style to contextualise the pericope within the Nigeria experience. Findings revealed that the context of the passage could be applied to the Nigerian situation. Consequently, if Nigeria is to succeed in the management of her national wealth and in the pursuit of an egalitarian society with sustainable economic prosperity and management, she must have patriotic leadership with thirst for an inclusive nation-building stratagem, a leadership that is committed to the rule of law with a demonstrable sense of fair-play and democratic tolerance; a leadership characterised with ability and integrity.
Rendición de cuentas y trabajo docente
Authors: Escobar Hernández Marlene , Rivera Ferreiro Lucia
Published: November 2021

Como parte de las sucesivas modificaciones al marco jurídico que regula el sistema educativo mexicano, la rendición de cuentas basada en evidencias se ha convertido en una nueva responsabilidad para los docentes del nivel básico. No obstante, se sabe poco acerca de qué significa para los docentes, cómo la han asumido, más aún, qué efectos ha provocado en la práctica cotidiana. Por tal motivo, se realizó un estudio cuyo propósito fue analizar los efectos de la rendición de cuentas en el trabajo docente, con particular atención a la dimensión pedagógica. Mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a diez docentes de escuelas públicas de la Ciudad de México, se encontró lo que denominamos una autonomía relativa, limitada y mediada por múltiples disposiciones normativas; la invención de realidades como estrategia para cumplir con la entrega de informes y toda clase de evidencias requeridas por diversas autoridades; una idoneidad multitarea, reflejada en una multiplicidad de actividades más allá de la enseñanza; finalmente una profesionalización mecanicista, es decir, una búsqueda constante de cursos y talleres por cuenta propia pero siempre sobre temas y contenidos instrumentales.
Reproducibilidad de un proyecto didáctico para la adquisición de vocabulario académico en estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Hess Zimmermann Karina , Núñez Rodríguez Wyler Mariana Alejandra
Published: November 2021

Investigaciones previas muestran que existe una importante relación entre la capacidad de los estudiantes para realizar una descomposición morfológica de las palabras y sus habilidades para adquirir vocabulario. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la reproducibilidad de un proyecto didáctico en torno a la descomposición de palabras como estrategia para adquirir vocabulario en estudiantes de tercer grado de secundaria. Participó un grupo experimental (26 alumnos) cuyas habilidades de descomposición morfológica se compararon en un pre y post-test con las de un grupo control (21 alumnos). Los resultados mostraron en el grupo experimental un incremento en las habilidades para segmentar las palabras, aunque no hubo diferencias significativas entre grupos en la obtención del significado de palabras. Un análisis cualitativo de las emisiones del docente y de los estudiantes señaló factores importantes a tomar en cuenta para la reproducibilidad de un proyecto didáctico de esta índole en la escuela secundaria.
Evidencias en la variabilidad pluvio y fluviométrica en contexto de sequias. El caso de la cuenca del río Maule, Chile entre los años 2000-2019
Authors: Maturana Francisco , Araos E. José , Fernández Carvajal Macarena
Published: November 2021

El Cambio Climático y la gestión del recurso hídrico son elementos que impactan en la disponibilidad de agua en una amplia gama de territorios. En este trabajo se analiza el comportamiento de la variabilidad pluviométrica y fluviométrica en la cuenca del ríoMaule, Chile una de las principales y de mayor envergadura a nivel nacional con un área correspondiente a 20.300 km2, y en donde predomina la actividad silvoagropecuaria. Se realizó un análisis clúster basado en los datos disponibles para las precipitaciones (periodo 2000-2019) y caudales (periodo 2003-2019) cuyo vínculo entre este último y el primero se asocia a la magnitud de la escorrentía. El comportamiento de estos muestra una tendencia a la disminución, presumiblemente producto de la mega sequía y variaciones en el comportamiento climático de meso escala. El análisis de datos permite suponer una relación entre el comportamiento pluviométrico y la disminución del caudal medio de canales y ríos, acarreando consecuencias negativas a las actividades socioeconómicas vinculadas al uso del agua y demandando nuevas formas de gestión hídrica en los territorios.
“El rostro de Córdoba”. La industria como motivo del paisaje en la ciudad de Córdoba. Coyunturas y contrastes
Authors: Llorens Santiago
Published: November 2021

La aparición de infraestructura industrial no es suficiente para que se construya la idea de paisaje de ciudad industrial y menos aún para interpretar cuáles fueron los debates y sentidos en torno a esta. Intentaremos dilucidar estos aspectos estableciendo tres coyunturas en las que identificamos contrastes en la forma que la relación industria y ciudad es presentada como motivo del paisaje en Córdoba desde fines del siglo XIX hasta la década de 1960, momento en que se consolida la imagen de ciudad industrial. Los avances pretenden aportar a las indagaciones que lleva adelante el Grupo de Investigación en Industria, territorio y trabajo en Córdoba. Se argumenta que, a la relación entre ciudad material e imaginario, se debe articular la temporalidad propia de la idea de paisaje en Córdoba que establece una relación determinada –histórica y geográfica- entre imágenes y territorio material.
O gênero AU
Authors: Grandini Caetano Brenda , Andrade Antonio
Published: November 2021

Os gêneros do discurso, assim como outros aspectos da experiência humana, se modificam e complexificam ao longo do tempo. As tecnologias digitais e a multimodalidade vêm transformando, por exemplo, a forma de produzir e consumir literatura na contemporaneidade. Neste contexto, a cultura de fã, que se configura como uma cultura de convergência, abarca produções estéticas de diversos grupos de fãs, realizadas a partir do diálogo com produtos já existentes na indústria cultural. Tais grupos, que se caracterizam como comunidades discursivas, criam novas textualidades multimodais de caráter ficcional, como as que se apresentam sob a rubrica de AU (Alternative Universe). Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir aspectos deste novo gênero da cultura de fã, que, a nosso ver, diferentemente do que se pensa, não está subordinado ao gênero fanfic. Para isto, analisa-se aqui uma AU Larry (shipp dos cantores Harry Styles e Louis Tomlinson) intitulada “Nº 309”, buscando-se refletir sobre questões ligadas à estrutura composicional, ao conteúdo temático e ao estilo do gênero, sob uma perspectiva bakhtiniana. Outros conceitos como os de multimodalidade, literatura pós-autônoma e multidões queer são também mobilizados a fim de apoiar a discussão em torno desse gênero inovador.
A Generalized Double Diamond Approach to the Global Competitiveness of the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Comparison between South Korea and Japan
Authors: Roller Nathalia
Published: November 2021

A competitive pharmaceutical industry is integral for the continued improvement of any country’s social and health resources and can be a source of sustained economic growth. As South Korea faces economic slowdown and increased social and health costs from an aged population, it is necessary to examine the current state of the industry’s competitiveness to determine how its global position can be enhanced. The following study identifies the determinants of South Korea’s competitiveness by applying the Generalized Double Diamond Model and conducts a comparative analysis with the globally competitive country of Japan. As the pharmaceutical industry is highly globalized, the study explores both domestic and international variables at the country and industry level ranging from 2015 to 2019. The results indicate that although South Korea almost matches Japan’s level of domestically determined competitiveness, there are significant international strategic differences that are hindering South Korea from becoming as globally competitive as Japan.
El derecho de propiedad comunal en el marco del Convenio 169 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) en las comunidades nativas del distrito de Chazuta, Provincia y Región de San Martin
Authors: Bardales del Aguila Lionel , Cenepo Mozombite Basilio
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar el derecho de la propiedad de las comunidades nativas del distrito de Chazuta, provincia y región de San Martín reconocido en el Convenio 169 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT). La investigación es de tipo básica de enfoque mixto cuantitativo-cualitativo, el diseño no experimental de nivel descriptivo transversal, la población y muestra de estudio la conformaron 64 pobladores y 4 Apus de las comunidades nativas Kechwas de Mushukllacta de Chipaota, Shilcayo, Canayo y Llucanayacu; ubicadas en el distrito de Chazuta. Para recoger la información se utilizaron dos cuestionarios: Una encuesta para los pobladores y una entrevista estructurada para los Apus.  Los resultados de las encuestas muestran que el 61% de los pobladores desconocen la cantidad de hectáreas pertenecientes al territorio comunal; el 39% de encuestados reconocen que el Estado les brinda apoyo para la titulación de su territorio. Los Apus de las Comunidades de Shilcayo y Canayo, afirman que su territorio se encuentra concesionada y superpuesta al Área de Conservación Regional Cordillera Escalera y Bosque de Protección Nacional Cordillera Azul. Es evidente, que los rezagos del conflicto histórico por la ocupación y en muchos casos usurpación del territorio de los pueblos originarios aún persisten, por lo que el Estado debe priorizar la titulación de su territorio comunal, para así evitar la ocupación ilegal de su territorio
El género pesa más que una arroba
Authors: Gaborit Mauricio
Published: November 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 53, No. 597-598, 1998: 679-685.
Reputation of Those Who Cooperate Beyond Group Boundaries: A Comparison of Universalistic and In-Group Favoring Strategies
Authors: Tateishi Wakaba , Hashimoto Hirofumi , Takahashi Nobuyuki
Published: November 2021

It has been suggested by various studies that between-group cooperation is more difficult to achieve than within-group cooperation. To investigate the factors that inhibit between-group cooperation, the reputation of a universalist, who cooperates beyond group boundaries, was considered. If the universalists were to be evaluated negatively, people would hesitate to cooperate beyond group boundaries. To examine this possibility, a comparison was drawn between the evaluation of people who employed the universalistic strategy and those who employed the in-group favoring strategy (who cooperates only with in-group members) by conducting a vignette experiment. In the experiment, participants evaluated two in-group members: one employed the in-group favoring strategy, and the other employed the universalistic strategy. In addition to the type of strategy, a trade-off between what in-group members received and what out-group members received was manipulated. Two studies were conducted by varying the universalistic strategy. The universalistic strategy meant giving resources equally to both group members in Study 1, and it meant maximizing the joint profit between the groups in Study 2. The results across the two studies suggest that the universalistic strategy was evaluated more positively than the in-group favoring strategy, with the exception that the in-group favoring strategy was chosen as the same group member in the future. Whether there was a trade-off had little effect on the evaluations of the two strategies. Consequently, this study suggests that the negative reputation of universalists might not be a factor that inhibited between-group cooperation.
ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM AO PACIENTE COM EPIDERMÓLISE BOLHOSA
Authors: Aguiar Dayana Cardoso , Geisler Sandonaid Andrei
Published: November 2021

Sendo a epidermólise bolhosa uma doença de classificação rara, poucos estudos são direcionados a esta doença e a falta de instrução aos profissionais de enfermagem acaba sendo uma prática comum; o que prejudica o diagnostico precoce e compromete o atendimento adequado ao paciente desta condição. Isso porque a assistência adequada deve ser prestada aos portadores de epidermólise bolhosa de modo emergencial e precoce, afim de minimizar traumas, atritos, pressão, e agravamento das feridas características dessas doenças. Objetivo: Investigar na literatura cientifica os cuidados de enfermagem necessários para uma assistência de enfermagem adequada a pacientes com Epidermólise Bolhosa. Método: Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico de caráter exploratório, que de modo qualitativo procura estudar a respeito da Epidermólise Bolhosa os cuidados específicos que devem ser atribuídos aos profissionais de enfermagem no tratamento desta condição. Resultados: Através da pesquisa realizada, pode-se constatar que o atendimento personalizado ao paciente com epidermólise bolhosa, não apenas reduz os riscos de agravamento e complicações da doença, como possibilita que os indivíduos, ainda que com essas anomalias, tenham sua qualidade de vida melhorada através dos cuidados e do tratamento especializado. Conclusão: Ao profissional de enfermagem, o estudo sobre o tratamento da epidermólise e as implicações técnicas adequadas para esta condição é algo indispensável e necessário para assegurar a eficiência no tratamento nos pacientes desta condição.
Propagating characteristics of mesospheric gravity waves observed by an OI 557.7 nm airglow all-sky camera at Mt. Bohyun (36.2°N, 128.9°E)
Authors: Hwang Jun-Young , Lee Young-Sook , Kim Yong Ha , Kam Hosik , Kwak Young-Sil , Yang Tae-Yong
Published: November 2021

Abstract. We analyzed all-sky camera images observed at Mt. Bohyun observatory (36.2°N, 128.9°E) for the period of 2017–2019. The image data were acquired with a narrow band filter centered at 557.7 nm for the OI airglow emission at ~96 km altitude. The total of 150 wave events were identified in the images of 144 clear nights. The interquartile ranges of wavelength, phase speed, and periods of the identified waves are 20.5–35.5 km, 27.4–45.0 m/s and 10.8–13.7 min with the median values of 27.8 km, 36.3 m/s and 11.7 min, respectively. The summer and spring bias of propagation directions of northeast- and northward, respectively, can be interpreted as the effect of filtering by the prevailing winds in the lower atmosphere. In winter the subdominant northwestward waves may be observed due to nullified filtering effect by small northward background wind or secondary waves generated in the upper atmosphere. Intrinsic phase speeds and periods of the waves were also derived by using the wind data simultaneously observed by a nearly co-located meteor radar. The nature of vertical propagation was evaluated in each season. The majority of observed waves are found to be freely propagating, and thus can be attributed to wave sources in the lower atmosphere.
Evaluating the impact of post-processing medium-range ensemble streamflow forecasts from the European Flood Awareness System
Authors: Matthews Gwyneth , Barnard Christopher , Cloke Hannah , Dance Sarah L. , Jurlina Toni , Mazzetti Cinzia , Prudhomme Christel
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Streamflow forecasts provide vital information to aid emergency response preparedness and disaster risk reduction. Medium-range forecasts are created by forcing a hydrological model with output from numerical weather prediction systems. Uncertainties are unavoidably introduced throughout the system and can reduce the skill of the streamflow forecasts. Post-processing is a method used to quantify and reduce the overall uncertainties in order to improve the usefulness of the forecasts. The post-processing method that is used within the operational European Flood Awareness System is based on the Model Conditional Processor and the Ensemble Model Output Statistics method. Using 2-years of reforecasts with daily timesteps this method is evaluated for 522 stations across Europe. Post-processing was found to increase the skill of the forecasts at the majority of stations both in terms of the accuracy of the forecast median and the reliability of the forecast probability distribution. This improvement is seen at all lead-times (up to 15 days) but is largest at short lead-times. The greatest improvement was seen in low-lying, large catchments with long response times, whereas for catchments at high elevation and with very short response times the forecasts often failed to capture the magnitude of peak flows. Additionally, the quality and length of the observational time-series used in the offline calibration of the method were found to be important. This evaluation of the post-processing method, and specifically the new information provided on characteristics that affect the performance of the method, will aid end-users to make more informed decisions. It also highlights the potential issues that may be encountered when developing new post-processing methods.
Fabrication of antibiotic-loaded dissolvable calcium sulfate beads: an in vitro mixing lab utilizing various antibiotic mixing formulas
Authors: McPherson Edward J. , Dipane Matthew V. , Chowdhry Madhav , Wassef Andrew J.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating
complication that requires an aggressive eradication protocol. Local
antimicrobial delivery via dissolvable calcium sulfate (CaSO4) using
small-sized beads (3–8 mm) has been utilized as an adjunctive treatment
combined with implant exchange, radical debridement, and antimicrobial
loaded acrylic spacers. The non-exothermic setting of CaSO4 theoretically allows for any antimicrobial agent to be used, so long as
mixing methods provide a consistent fabrication within a reasonable set
time. This study performed the first in vitro mixing study, in which various
antimicrobial agents, used singularly and in combination, were mixed with a
synthetic CaSO4 product to observe and document their interactions. The
study was performed in a simulated operating room environment. We report a
standard mix formula with set times, testing 22 different antimicrobial
agents, combinations, and doses. For some antimicrobials and combinations,
set times using the standard formula were either too fast or exceedingly
slow. For these 14 antimicrobial agents and combinations, we were able to
arrive at individualized mixing methods. We present all mixing formulas and
set times. In all, we were able to establish mixing methods that incorporate
all antimicrobial agents and combinations that we have seen utilized via
surgeon-directed use.
Pre-collapse motion of the February 2021 Chamoli rock-ice avalanche, Indian Himalaya
Authors: Van Wyk de Vries Maximillian , Bhushan Shashank , Jacquemart Mylène , Deschamps-Berger César , Berthier Etienne , Gascoin Simon , Shean David E. , Shugar Dan H. , Kääb Andreas
Published: November 2021

Abstract. On the 7th of February 2021, a large rock-ice avalanche triggered a debris flow in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, India, leaving over 200 dead or missing. The rock-ice avalanche originated from a steep, glacierized north-facing slope. In this work, we assess the precursory signs exhibited by this slope prior to the catastrophic collapse. We evaluate monthly slope motion from 2015 to 2021 through feature tracking of high-resolution optical satellite imagery. We then combine these data with a time series of pre- and post-event DEMs, which we use to evaluate elevation change over the same area. Both datasets show that the 26.9 Mm3 collapse block moved over 10 m horizontally and vertically in the five years preceding collapse, with particularly rapid motion occurring in the summers of 2017 and 2018. We propose that the collapse results from a combination of snow-loading in a deep headwall crack and permafrost degradation in the heavily jointed bedrock. Our observation of a clear precursory signal highlights the potential of satellite imagery for monitoring the stability of high-risk slopes. We find that the timing of the Chamoli rock-ice avalanche could likely not have been forecast from satellite data alone.
The mud volcanoes at Santa Barbara and Aragona (Sicily, Italy): a contribution to risk assessment
Authors: Gattuso Alessandro , Italiano Francesco , Capasso Giorgio , D'Alessandro Antonino , Grassa Fausto , Pisciotta Antonino Fabio , Romano Davide
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The Santa Barbara and Aragona areas are affected by mud volcanism (MV)
phenomena, consisting of continuous or intermittent emission of mud, water, and gases. This activity could be interrupted by paroxysmal events, with an eruptive column composed mainly of clay material, water, and gases. They are the most hazardous phenomena, and today it is impossible to define the potential parameters for modelling the phenomenon. In 2017, two digital surface models (DSMs) were performed by drone in both areas, thus allowing the mapping of the emission zones and the covered areas by the previous events. Detailed information about past paroxysms was obtained from historical
sources, and, with the analysis of the 2017 DSMs, a preliminary hazard
assessment was carried out for the first time at two sites. Two potentially hazardous paroxysm surfaces of 0.12 and 0.20 km2 for Santa Barbara and Aragona respectively were defined. In May 2020, at Aragona, a new paroxysm covered a surface of 8721 m2. After this, a new detailed DSM was collected with the aim to make a comparison with the 2017 one. Since 2017, a seismic station was installed in Santa Barbara. From preliminary results, both seismic events and ambient noise showed a frequency of 5–10 Hz.
Structural integrity investigations of spent nuclear fuel with finite element modeling
Authors: Vlassopoulos Efstathios , Pudollek Susanne , Alifieris Olympios , Papaioannou Dimitrios , Nasyrow Ramil , Gretter Ralf , Rondinella Vincenzo V. , Caruso Stefano
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Radioactive waste in Switzerland will be disposed of in a deep geological
repository (DGR). Responsible for the planning and preparation of realization
of this task is National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste
(Nagra). Spent fuel assemblies (SFA) constitute the main high-level waste
(HLW) stream that will be disposed in the DGR. Prior to final disposal they
will be transferred or transported to an encapsulation plant, where they will
be loaded into final disposal canisters. To ensure that the structural
integrity of SFAs is not compromised during handling and transportation, it is
desirable to characterize the expected mechanical parameters of SFAs after
long-term interim storage. Experimental research activities performed at the JRC Karlsruhe include safety
aspects of radioactive waste management, encompassing also spent fuel storage
and spent fuel/HLW disposal activities. Nagra and JRC have established a
collaboration to jointly study relevant properties and behaviours of spent
fuel rods, with the support of the Gösgen nuclear power plant and of
Framatome, and in collaboration with other partners in Europe and
internationally. As part of this collaboration, 3-point bending and impact tests were performed
at the hot-cell facilities of JRC Karlsruhe, to determine the mechanical
response of spent fuel rodlets under quasi-static and dynamic loads. The
structural integrity of fuel rods was also evaluated under different handling
scenarios using finite element (FE) analysis. Starting with the construction
of a static 3D FE model of a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) nuclear fuel rodlet in ANSYS
Mechanical, Nagra has developed a series of FE models over
the years. Mechanical properties of the original rodlet model were derived
through an extensive validation process, using experimental data from the
3-point bending tests. To evaluate the mechanical response of an SFA in
different loading scenarios, this model was expanded using 1D beam modeling
approach. The development of the simplified 1D models is shown in this
presentation. In particular, the effect of the contact formulation between the
spacer grid and the rods is discussed. Finally, preliminary results of the
bending response of a 15×15 PWR SFA sub-model are presented.
Impact of the heterogeneity of the sandy Opalinus clay facies at the Mont Terri underground research laboratory on radionuclide migration
Authors: Ait-Mouheb Naila , Yang Yuankai , Van Loon Luc R. , Glaus Martin A. , Deissmann Guido , Bosbach Dirk
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The assessment of the safety of a deep geological repository (DGR) for high-level radioactive wastes over assessment time scales of up to 1 million years requires an in-depth understanding of the multi-scale coupled processes that affect the repository system evolution over time, to reduce uncertainties and conservatism in safety analyses. This is in particular required with respect to the challenges of a comparative assessment of different repository concepts in different host rocks within the process of a site selection for a DGR for heat-generating radioactive wastes in Germany. The collaborative project “Integrity of nuclear waste repository systems – Cross-scale system understanding and analysis (iCross)” conducted jointly by five research centres of the Helmholtz Association and co-funded by the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) has been initiated with the overall objective to improve the understanding of coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical-(micro)biological (THMCB) processes and to develop simulation tools that enable a holistic close to reality description of the long-term evolution of the repository system. Geological formations, such as those foreseen as potential host rocks for DGRs, and their surroundings are heterogeneous on various length scales ranging from nanometers to kilometers. Therefore, the aim of this work in the context of iCross is to evaluate the effects of mineralogical, geochemical and microstructural heterogeneities of repository host rocks on radionuclide transport in the repository far field, using the sandy facies of the Opalinus clay (SF-OPA) from the Mont Terri underground research laboratory (St. Ursanne, Switzerland) as an example. Here, we address in particular the migration behaviour of Ra-226 as an important radionuclide to be considered in safety cases for deep geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel. To assess the impact of the heterogeneities in SF-OPA on radionuclide transport, a complementary approach combining microstructural characterisation methods, experimental techniques for the determination of transport parameters of the rock matrix and the mobility of Ra-226 with innovative developments in reactive transport modelling on the pore and continuum scales was pursued. One of the results was that although the limited clay content in SF-OPA decreases the total amount of Ra bound to the illite phase, the solid solutions of sulphate and carbonate compensate for this and provide a major fixation mechanism.
Radionuclide geochemistry: solubility and thermodynamics in an HLW repository
Authors: Fellhauer David , Gaona Xavier , Altmaier Marcus , Geckeis Horst
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Deep geological disposal is the internationally favoured option to isolate
high-level nuclear waste (HLW) from the biosphere and to minimise the
potential radiological risk for future generations. Potentially contacting
aqueous solutions such as groundwater may, however, lead to the corrosion of
the solid casks containing the nuclear waste, and the formation of aqueous
radionuclide systems in the near-field of the emplacement rooms. As dissolved
species, radionuclides can in principle further migrate into the far-field and
finally reach the biosphere on medium and long timescales. Like all chemical
species, the radionuclides are subject to fundamental (geo)chemical
laws. Relevant reactions that control retention and release, and hence, the
migration behaviour and fate of radionuclides in a repository, are solubility
equilibria, formation of soluble complexes, redox reactions, sorption on and
incorporation into mineral surfaces, transport phenomena etc. These processes
depend directly on the (geo)chemical boundary conditions, and, consequently,
can differ greatly for various host rock systems such as clay rock, rock salt,
and crystalline rock. Many of the radionuclides in HLW are heavy metals that are sparingly soluble
under various repository-relevant conditions, e.g. actinides, lanthanides,
transition metals, so that only partial dissolution (mobilisation) from the
solid waste matrices is expected. This underlines the importance of evaluating
the radionuclide solubility within a geochemically based safety assessment for
repositories as it provides reliable upper-limit concentrations of the mobile,
potentially migrating radionuclide fraction in the near-field. In this
contribution, we discuss relevant aspects related to the topic radionuclide
solubility and thermodynamics in a HLW repository. This includes a summary of
recent laboratory studies on the solubility behaviour and speciation of key
radionuclides in repository-relevant solutions, which are an important basis
for obtaining (geo)chemical information and models, and the
corresponding fundamental thermodynamic constants on aqueous radionuclide
systems. National and international thermodynamic database projects, where
quality-assured thermodynamic data (solubility products, complex formation
constants, and ion-interaction parameters) are evaluated and compiled,
e.g. the Nuclear Energy Agency Thermochemical Database
(http://www.oecd-nea.org, last access: 1 November 2021) or
the Thermodynamic Reference Database
(http://www.thereda.de, last access: 1 November 2021), are
highlighted and the main remaining uncertainties discussed. The
experimental information and the quantitative thermodynamic data are applied
within a generic case study to demonstrate the impact of different geochemical
solution conditions representing different host rock systems considered as HLW
repositories in Germany on the solubility and speciation of selected
radionuclides.
The Grimsel Test Site – more than 35 years of underground research
Authors: Martin Andrew J. , Blechschmidt Ingo
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Nagra and its international partners have been conducting underground
research projects at the Grimsel Test Site (GTS,
https://www.grimsel.com, last access: 8 November 2021) for more than 35 years. The results have been incorporated directly into modelling, safety and engineering feasibility studies necessary for the siting and construction of deep geological repositories. Various types of experiments are carried out at the GTS, each involving field testing, laboratory studies, design and modelling tasks, thus integrating all scientific aspects. Projects are typically planned over a 5 year period with the option to extend depending on the latest findings from the experiment. In the current 5 year programme (2019–2023) new phases of running in situ experiments using radionuclides were started and include the Long-Term Diffusion experiment (LTD) and the Colloid Formation and Migration project (CFM). A completely new experiment studying the migration of C-14 and I-129 in aged cement (CIM) was also initiated. Other experiments focusing mostly on engineered barrier materials were continued such as the Material Corrosion Test (MaCoTe), which is studying anaerobic corrosion of candidate canister materials in bentonite (Fig. 1). Also, a 1:1 scale experiment studying the high-temperature (>175∘C) effects on bentonite materials (HotBENT project) was started last year. In this paper we provide an overview of the CIM, LTD and MaCoTe projects, including key findings so far. In addition to research, the GTS, as part of the Grimsel Training Centre (GTC), is also used as an education platform for knowledge transfer to the next generation of scientists and engineers in the area of radioactive waste disposal and geosciences.
The pore pressure oscillation method as a proven tool for determining the hydraulic properties of low-permeability rocks
Authors: Winhausen Lisa , Jalali Mohammadreza , Amann Florian
Published: November 2021

Abstract. In the context of selecting and designing a future repository site for nuclear waste, a proper understanding of the host rock's physical behavior is required. One of the fundamental characteristics is the hydraulic diffusivity of the host rock, i.e., the ratio between permeability and storativity. For low-permeability rocks, however, determination of these properties is technically challenging and often time consuming. Among various steady-state and transient methods, the pore pressure oscillation technique has been proven to be an advantageous method for the simultaneous measurement of permeability and storativity for potential host rocks on a laboratory scale. In this contribution, we will introduce the methodological approach and highlight the advantages and disadvantages compared to other methods. Furthermore, we will demonstrate the applicability of this method for clay-rich rocks by presenting our experimental results. Carefully chosen boundary conditions allow us to constrain dependencies of the properties on, e.g., effective stress or bedding orientation with respect to the fluid flow direction. Additionally, this method is practical for measuring the damage-induced changes of permeability and storativity due to differential loading.
Modelling of hydrodynamic and solute transport with consideration of the release of low-level radioactive substances
Authors: Winter Roman , Flemisch Bernd , Class Holger , Merk Rainer
Published: November 2021

Abstract. When nuclear power plants are
dismantled, only a small portion is heavily contaminated with radioactivity
and must be stored in a repository. The remaining material, mainly concrete
rubble (construction waste), is decontaminated if necessary and can be stored
in conventional surface landfills after clearance. The focus of this work is
on the modelling of such landfills and the radioactive substances during
raining events. The influence of the heterogeneous nature of the construction
rubble should also be investigated. The simulation environment
DuMux, mainly developed by our institute, is used to compare
different modelling approaches. It follows a previous work by Merk (2012). The research work is supported and accompanied by the Federal Office for
Radiation Protection (BfS). Parts of the research initiatives of the BfS in
the area of clearance of materials with negligible radioactivity are also
presented.
Microbial soil characteristics of grassland and arable soils linked to thermogravimetry data: correlations, use and limits
Authors: Doležalová-Weissmannová Helena , Malý Stanislav , Brtnický Martin , Holátko Jiří , Demyan Michael Scott , Siewert Christian , Tokarski David , Kameníková Eliška , Kučerík Jiří
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Thermogravimetry (TG) is a simple method that enables rapid analysis of soil properties such as the content of total organic C, nitrogen, clay and C fractions with different stability. However, the possible link between TG data and microbiological soil properties has not been systematically tested yet and limits TG application for soil and soil organic matter assessment. This work aimed to search and to validate relationships of thermal mass losses (TML) to total C and N contents, microbial biomass C and N, basal and substrate-induced respiration, extractable organic carbon content, anaerobic ammoniﬁcation, urease activity, short-term nitriﬁcation activity, speciﬁc growth rate, and time to reach the maximum respiration rate for two sample sets of arable and grassland soils. Analyses of the training soil set revealed signiﬁcant correlations of TML with basic soil properties such as carbon and nitrogen content with distinguishing linear regression parameters and temperatures of correlating mass losses for arable and grassland soils. In a second stage the equations of signiﬁcant correlations were used for validation with an independent second sample set. This conﬁrmed applicability of developed equations for prediction of microbiological properties mainly for arable soils. For grassland soils was the applicability lower, which was explained as the inﬂuence of rhizosphere processes. Nevertheless, the application of TG can facilitate the understanding of changes in soil caused by microorganism’s activity and the different regression equations between TG and soil parameters reﬂect changes in proportions between soil components caused by land use management.
Artificial hard substrate colonisation in the offshore Hywind Scotland Pilot Park
Authors: Karlsson Rikard , Tivefälth Malin , Duranović Iris , Kjølhamar Ane , Murvoll Kari Mette
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Artificial substrates associated with renewable offshore energy infrastructure, such as Floating Offshore Windfarms, enables the establishment of benthic communities with similar diversity species composition to that of naturally occurring rocky intertidal habitats. The size of the biodiversity impact and the structural changes on benthic habitats will depend on the selected locations. The aim of the study was to assess colonisation, zonation, quantify diversity and abundance, and identify any non-indigenous species of fauna and flora present within the wind farm. This article is based on work undertaken within the offshore floating Hywind Scotland Pilot Park, the first floating offshore wind park established in the world, located approximately 25 km east of Peterhead, Scotland. The floating pilot park is situated in water depths of approximately 120 m with a seabed characterised predominantly by sand and gravel substrates with occasional patches of mixed sediments. The study utilised a Work Class Remotely Operated Vehicle with a mounted High Definition video camera, deployed from the survey vessel M/V Stril Explorer. A total of 41 structures, as well as their associated subcomponents, including Turbines (Substructures), Mooring Lines, Suction Anchors and Infield Cables, were analysed with regards to diversity, abundance, colonisation, coverage and zonation. This approach provides comprehensive coverage of whole structures in a safe and time-saving manner. Eleven phyla were observed with a total of 121 different taxa, macrofauna as well as macro- and filamentous algae, identified on the different structures. The submerged turbines measured approximately 80 m in height and exhibited distinct patterns of zonation. Plumose anemone Metridium senile and tube building fan worm Spirobranchus sp. dominated the bottom and mid-sections (80 m–20 m) of the turbines while kelp and other Phaeophyceae with blue mussel Mytilus spp. dominated top sections of the turbines (20 m–0 m).
Association of Hyperuricemia With Hypertension In Pakistani Population
Authors: Khaliq Attia , Tariq Abdul Moueed , Khattak Abdul Latif , Ali Karamat , Satti Shahzeb Ahmad , Rehman Hafiz Yasir
Published: November 2021

Objective: To find an association between Hyperuricemia and Hypertension in patients presenting in outpatients department for regular check-up. Study design and Setting: Case Control Study design conducted at Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi (PEMH), Medical Outpatient department (OPD) from 4th Feb, 2017 to 4th Aug, 2017. Methodology: A total of 200 patients, with 100 cases and 100 controls fulfilling the selection criteria were included in the study, which were selected from Medical OPD of PEMH. An informed written consent was taken. The Demographic such as age, gender were obtained. Veriable upon selection into study group, the blood samples were taken and two groups of patients were made on the basis of normal or raised uric acid levels. The Serum Uric Acid (SUA) was measured in the patients. Then blood pressure was measured by using sphygmomanometer by researchers themselves. If BP level was >140/90mmHg on 2 separate occasions, or patient is already a known case of hypertension, then hypertension was labeled. Results: The mean age (years) in the study was 54.79 + 8.96. There were 136 (68%) male and 64 (32%) female patients. The frequency and percentage of hypertension in cases and control groups was (84%) and (41%) patients respectively which was statistically significant with a p-value of 0.000. The Odds ratio was found to be 7.55. Conclusion: It was concluded that there was an association found between Hyperuricemia and Hypertension