bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability of the sonographic evaluation for cervical length and elastography with pelvic parameters in term pregnancy by experienced operators with varying levels of experience
Authors: Sawaddisan Rapphon , Khwankaew Noppasin , Pruksanusak Ninlapa , Suntharasaj Thitima , Suwanrath Chikasaem , Pranpanus Savitree , Petpichetchian Chusana , Suksai Manaphat , Chainarong Natthicha
Published: January 2024

Objective

To assess the reliability of sonographic measurements of six cervical and pelvic parameters by three sonographers with varying levels of experience.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in pregnant women with a gestational age of ≥39 weeks. Each pregnant woman was examined by two sonographers with different levels of experience. Six parameters were measured: cervical length (CL), cervical strain elastography (extrinsic type), posterior cervical angle (PCA), fetal head‐to‐perineum distance (FHPD), fetal head‐to‐pubic symphysis distance (FHSD), and angle of progression (AOP). Intra‐ and interobserver reliabilities were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient with a 95% confidence interval. Pearson pairwise correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlation between the parameter values.

Results

In all, 66 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. We found excellent intraobserver reliability for measurements of CL, PCA, FHPD, FHSD, and AOP and good‐to‐excellent intraobserver reliability for cervical strain values in the cross‐sectional view of the endocervix in the internal os area and cross‐sectional view of the entire cervix in the internal os area. Interobserver reliability was excellent for all pelvic parameters, except for the FHPD. Strain values were moderate to excellent in the area of the internal os. A significant negative correlation between CL and strain values at the internal os was observed.

Conclusions

Pelvic parameters, except for FHPD, have excellent intra‐ and interobserver reliabilities. The high reproducibility of CL and cervical strain elastography at the internal os level, with a negative correlation between these two parameters, may play an important role in predicting successful induction of labor.
Opportunistic salpingectomy at the time of vaginal hysterectomy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bonavina Giulia , Busnelli Andrea , Salmeri Noemi , Cavoretto Paolo I. , Salvatore Stefano , Candiani Massimo , Bulfoni Alessandro
Published: January 2024

Background

Despite the rising rates of opportunistic salpingectomy at the time of surgery for non‐malignant conditions, salpingectomy is not widely adopted during vaginal hysterectomy (VH) and has not been extensively investigated.

Objectives

The aim of the primary study was to determine the feasibility of bilateral opportunistic salpingectomy at the time of VH. Secondary aims included surgical outcomes, factors associated with patient selection, and the prevalence of incidental tubal malignancies.

Search Strategy

In this systematic review and meta‐analysis we searched Pubmed, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from inception to September 1, 2023, using relevant keywords.

Selection Criteria

Original articles with no language restriction reporting outcomes of women undergoing planned VH with opportunistic salpingectomy, were considered eligible. Studies including patients undergoing VH with and without opportunistic salpingectomy were also included.

Data Collection and Analysis

The Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was used to assess quality of observational studies. DerSimonian–Laird random effects meta‐analysis was performed and pooled effect estimates and proportions with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.

Results

Seven observational cohort studies including 4808 women undergoing opportunistic salpingectomy at the time of VH and 10 295 patients undergoing VH alone were selected. The pooled proportion of success was 81.83 per 100 observations (95% CI: 75.35–87.54). Opportunistic salpingectomy at the time of VH, when feasible, was associated with a significant reduction in intraoperative complications (OR 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01, −0.37, P = 0.03) and total operative time (95% CI: −17.80, −1.07, P = 0.03) compared to those where it failed. Successful salpingectomy was significantly hindered by nulliparity (OR 0.12, 95% CI: −17.69, −1.21, P < 0.001) and favored by pelvic organ prolapse (OR 3.20, 95% CI: 1.35, 7.55, P = 0.008). Immunohistochemical tubal abnormalities were found in 13/579 (2.1%) patients. The overall quality of the evidence, according to the GRADE assessment, was low.

Conclusion

Opportunistic salpingectomy is safe, effective, and feasible at the time of VH. Nulliparity and pelvic organ prolapse are factors potentially influencing surgical outcomes.
Effect of plastic mulch and strip tillage on soil hydrothermal characteristics and potato cultivation in the Bogura district of Bangladesh
Authors: Kader Mohammad Abdul , Musaddika Amina , Mojid Mohammad Abdul , Khan Ferdous Hossain
Published: January 2024

Future periods with limited water resources in Bangladesh will need the use of effective water‐saving technology, such as mulching, to increase potato production in a sustainable way. This study investigated the effect of plastic mulch on soil hydrothermal status and its consequent effect on potato production over 2 years in field experiments in Bogura, Bangladesh. We cultivated potato under four treatments: two coloured (black and blue) plastic mulches, strip tillage and no mulch. The black plastic mulch raised the soil temperature by 1.2–2.4°C in the early growth stages and by 0.4–1.2°C in the later growth stages compared to the no‐mulch treatment. This mulch raised soil moisture by 5.1–15.9% and reduced weed growth by 91% compared to no mulch. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the soil were significantly higher under the mulching treatments compared to no mulch. When compared to the blue and no‐mulch treatments, black mulch provided 31–34% and 45–48% more tuber yield of potato, respectively, which significantly improved the economic benefits under mulching treatments. Black plastic mulch is therefore suggested as a workable adaptation approach to increase potato production under limited water resources in northern Bangladesh and elsewhere with similar agroclimatic conditions.
Evaluation of PHARM‐HF, a pharmacist‐led heart failure medication titration clinic: A pre‐post study
Authors: Ladhar Simroop , Hawkins Nathaniel M. , Virani Sean A. , Turgeon Ricky D.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The PHARM‐HF clinic is a novel, pharmacist‐led medication optimization clinic for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). PHARM‐HF aims to achieve maximum‐tolerated HFrEF guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) as outlined by the latest Canadian Cardiovascular Society heart failure guidelines.

Methods

This retrospective pre‐post study evaluated consecutive patients attending PHARM‐HF (January 2021–August 2022). The primary outcome was the modified Optimal Medication Therapy (mOMT) score, an aggregate score of HFrEF quadruple therapy. The mOMT score was categorized as suboptimal (score 0–4), acceptable (score 5–7), or optimal (score 8; all four drugs at maximum tolerated dose). Secondary outcomes included change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline to 1 year, and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire‐12 (KCCQ; range 0 [worst] to 100 [best]) from baseline to discharge.

Results

Of 81 included patients, median age was 68 years, 21% were female, 61% had New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 2 functional capacity, and median LVEF was 30%. Median mOMT improved from 6 (interquartile range [IQR] 4–7) at baseline to 8 (IQR 7–8) at clinic discharge (p < 0.001; increase from 7% to 73% categorized as optimal). LVEF improved from a median of 30% to 38% at 1 year (p < 0.001). Among 16 patients who completed the KCCQ‐12 at both time points, the score was 62 at baseline and 77 at discharge (p = 0.42).

Conclusions

Uptake of GDMT significantly increased from admission to discharge from the PHARM‐HF medication optimization clinic, during which other cardiovascular clinicians did not modify HFrEF medications. Furthermore, there was an improvement in LVEF at 1 year. A pilot randomized controlled trial is currently underway to guide the development of a multicenter trial to provide definitive evidence for the role of pharmacist‐led medication optimization in HFrEF.
Towards label‐free non‐invasive autofluorescence multispectral imaging for melanoma diagnosis
Authors: Knab Aline , Anwer Ayad G. , Pedersen Bernadette , Handley Shannon , Marupally Abhilash Goud , Habibalahi Abbas , Goldys Ewa M.
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on the use of cellular autofluorescence which visualizes the cell metabolism by monitoring endogenous fluorophores including NAD(P)H and flavins. It explores the potential of multispectral imaging of native fluorophores in melanoma diagnostics using excitation wavelengths ranging from 340 nm to 510 nm and emission wavelengths above 391 nm. Cultured immortalized cells are utilized to compare the autofluorescent signatures of two melanoma cell lines to one fibroblast cell line. Feature analysis identifies the most significant and least correlated features for differentiating the cells. The investigation successfully applies this analysis to pre‐processed, noise‐removed images and original background‐corrupted data. Furthermore, the applicability of distinguishing melanomas and healthy fibroblasts based on their autofluorescent characteristics is validated using the same evaluation technique on patient cells. Additionally, the study tentatively maps the detected features to underlying biological processes. This research demonstrates the potential of cellular autofluorescence as a promising tool for melanoma diagnostics.
Green autofluorescence of the skin and fingernails is a novel biomarker for evaluating the risk for developing acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Tao Yue , Yu Haibo , Zhang Mingchao , Zou Xiaofeng , Li Peilu , Qiu Jian‐Ge , Jiang Bing‐Hua , Ying Weihai
Published: January 2024

The only existing approach for assessing the risk of developing acute ischemic stroke (AIS) necessitates that individuals possess a strong understanding of their health status. Our research gathered compelling evidence in favor of our hypothesis, suggesting that the likelihood of developing AIS can be assessed by analyzing the green autofluorescence (AF) of the skin and fingernails. Utilizing machine learning‐based analyses of AF images, we found that the area under the curve (AUC) for distinguishing subjects with three risk factors from those with zero, one, or two risk factors was 0.79, 0.76, and 0.75, respectively. Our research has revealed that green AF serves as an innovative biomarker for assessing the risk of developing AIS. Our method is objective, non‐invasive, efficient, and economic, which shows great promise to boost a technology for screening natural populations for risk of developing AIS.
Analysis of soft tissue integration‐supportive cell functions in gingival fibroblasts cultured on 3D printed biomaterials for oral implant‐supported prostheses
Authors: Rabel Kerstin , Nath Amélie Joséphine , Nold Julian , Spies Benedikt C. , Wesemann Christian , Altmann Brigitte , Adolfsson Erik , Witkowski Siegbert , Tomakidi Pascal , Steinberg Thorsten
Published: January 2024

To date, it is unknown whether 3D printed fixed oral implant‐supported prostheses can achieve comparable soft tissue integration (STI) to clinically established subtractively manufactured counterparts. STI is mediated among others by gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and is modulated by biomaterial surface characteristics. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to investigate the GF response of a 3D printed methacrylate photopolymer and a hybrid ceramic‐filled methacrylate photopolymer for fixed implant‐supported prostheses in the sense of supporting an STI. Subtractively manufactured samples made from methacrylate polymer and hybrid ceramic were evaluated for comparison and samples from yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y‐TZP), comprising well documented biocompatibility, served as control. Surface topography was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and interferometry, elemental composition by energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, and wettability by contact angle measurement. The response of GFs obtained from five donors was examined in terms of membrane integrity, adhesion, morphogenesis, metabolic activity, and proliferation behavior by a lactate‐dehydrogenase assay, fluorescent staining, a resazurin‐based assay, and DNA quantification. The results revealed all surfaces were smooth and hydrophilic. GF adhesion, metabolic activity and proliferation were impaired by 3D printed biomaterials compared to subtractively manufactured comparison surfaces and the 3Y‐TZP control, whereas membrane integrity was comparable. Within the limits of the present investigation, it was concluded that subtractively manufactured surfaces are superior compared to 3D printed surfaces to support STI. For the development of biologically optimized 3D printable biomaterials, consecutive studies will focus on the improvement of cytocompatibility and the synthesis of STI‐relevant extracellular matrix constituents.
Neural control of reproduction in reptiles
Authors: Shankey Nicholas T. , Cohen Rachel E.
Published: January 2024

Reptiles display considerable diversity in reproductive behavior, making them great models to study the neuroendocrine control of reproductive behavior. Many reptile species are seasonally breeding, such that they become reproductively active during their breeding season and regress to a nonreproductive state during their nonbreeding season, with this transition often prompted by environmental cues. In this review, we will focus on summarizing the neural and neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling reproductive behavior. Three major areas of the brain are involved in reproductive behavior: the preoptic area (POA), amygdala, and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). The POA and VMH are sexually dimorphic areas, regulating behaviors in males and females respectively, and all three areas display seasonal plasticity. Lesions to these areas disrupt the onset and maintenance of reproductive behaviors, but the exact roles of these regions vary between sexes and species. Different hormones influence these regions to elicit seasonal transitions. Circulating testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) peak during the breeding season and their influence on reproduction is well‐documented across vertebrates. The conversion of T into E2 and 5α‐dihydrotestosterone can also affect behavior. Melatonin and corticosterone have generally inhibitory effects on reproductive behavior, while serotonin and other neurohormones seem to stimulate it. In general, there is relatively little information on the neuroendocrine control of reproduction in reptiles compared to other vertebrate groups. This review highlights areas that should be considered for future areas of research.
Unraveling stress resilience: Insights from adaptations to extreme environments by Astyanax mexicanus cavefish
Authors: Cobham Ansa E. , Rohner Nicolas
Published: January 2024

Extreme environmental conditions have profound impacts on shaping the evolutionary trajectory of organisms. Exposure to these conditions elicits stress responses, that can trigger phenotypic changes in novel directions. The Mexican Tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, is an excellent model for understanding evolutionary mechanisms in response to extreme or new environments. This fish species consists of two morphs; the classical surface‐dwelling fish and the blind cave‐dwellers that inhabit dark and biodiversity‐reduced ecosystems. In this review, we explore the specific stressors present in cave environments and examine the diverse adaptive strategies employed by cave populations to not only survive but thrive as successful colonizers. By analyzing the evolutionary responses of A. mexicanus, we gain valuable insights into the genetic, physiological, and behavioral adaptations that enable organisms to flourish under challenging environmental conditions.
Resetting relationship trajectories: A reconceptualization of the relationship repair process
Authors: Olekalns Mara , Caza Brianna Barker
Published: January 2024

Negative events within and outside of work can disrupt coworkers' relationships, triggering a re‐evaluation of relationship quality. The subjective experience of these events – which we term relationship threats – harms relationships, resulting in long‐lasting negative interpersonal and organizational consequences. Coworkers' responses to a relationship threat determine whether relationships are repaired or whether the threat leads to a loss of commitment, lowered satisfaction, and increased negative affect. Because of the critical role that relationships play in organizational life, it is vital that we have a comprehensive understanding of the repair process. To date, researchers have focused on one of three repair processes: trust repair. In reconceptualizing relationship repair, we flesh out the remaining two processes: relationship work and sensemaking. Our reconceptualization balances the restorative actions that mitigate in‐the‐moment harm with those that sustain these benefits over time. We expand our understanding of relationship repair by highlighting the role that narrative foundations play in determining a relationships' vulnerabilities and determining effective repair processes. We highlight the importance of considering relationship threats as events embedded within a relationship's history; identify narrative foundations as a bridging mechanism between disrupted relationships and their repair; and expand our conceptualization of the processes that repair relationships.
Artemisia argyi extract exerts antioxidant properties and extends the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Yang Yuhua , Cao Yuping , Zhang Jianming , Fan Li , Huang Yan , Tan Thuan‐Chew , Ho Lee‐Hoon
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi) possesses extensive pharmacological activities associated with anti‐tumour, antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti‐ageing effects of A. argyi extract (AAE) on the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) ageing model by detecting antioxidant enzyme activities and the mRNA level of antioxidant genes.

RESULTS

AAE could significantly lengthen the mean lifespan, 50% survival days, and maximum lifespan of D. melanogaster, especially when the amount of AAE added reached 6.68 mg mL−1, the mean lifespan of both female and male flies increased by 23.74% and 22.30%, respectively, indicating the effective life extension effect of AAE. At the same time, AAE could improve the climbing ability and tolerance to hydrogen peroxide in D. melanogaster. In addition, the addition of AAE effectively increased the activities of copper‐zinc‐containing superoxide dismutase, manganese‐containing superoxide dismutase and catalase in D. melanogaster and reduced the contents of malondialdehyde. Moreover, when reared with diets containing AAE, the expression of antioxidant‐related genes SOD1, SOD2 and CAT was up‐regulated in D. melanogaster and down‐regulated for MTH genes.

CONCLUSION

The study indicates that AAE effectively enhances the antioxidant capacity of D. melanogaster and has potential applications as an antioxidant and anti‐ageing agent in the nutraceutical industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Phytochemical profiling and bioactivity assessment of underutilized Symphytum species in comparison with Symphytum officinale
Authors: Luca Simon Vlad , Zengin Gokhan , Kulinowski Łukasz , Sinan Kouadio Ibrahime , Skalicka‐Woźniak Krystyna , Trifan Adriana
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Symphytum (comfrey) genus, particularly Symphytum officinale, has been empirically used in folk medicine mainly for its potent anti‐inflammatory properties. In an attempt to shed light on the valorization of less known taxa, the current study evaluated the metabolite profile and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of nine Symphytum species.

RESULTS

Phenolic acids, flavonoids and pyrrolizidine alkaloids were the most representative compounds in all comfrey samples. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that, within the roots, S. grandiflorum was slightly different from S. ibericum, S. caucasicum and the remaining species. Within the aerial parts, S. caucasicum and S. asperum differed from the other samples. All Symphytum species showed good antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities, as evaluated in DPPH (up to 50.17 mg Trolox equivalents (TE) g−1), ABTS (up to 49.92 mg TE g−1), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC, up to 92.93 mg TE g−1), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, up to 53.63 mg TE g−1), acetylcholinesterase (AChE, up to 0.52 mg galanthamine equivalents (GALAE) g−1), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, up to 0.96 mg GALAE g−1), tyrosinase (up to 13.58 mg kojic acid equivalents g−1) and glucosidase (up to 0.28 mmol acarbose equivalents g−1) tests. Pearson correlation analysis revealed potential links between danshensu and ABTS/FRAP/CUPRAC, quercetin‐O‐hexoside and DPPH/CUPRAC, or rabdosiin and anti‐BChE activity.

CONCLUSIONS

By assessing for the first time in a comparative manner the phytochemical–biological profile of a considerably high number of Symphytum samples, this study unveils the potential use of less common comfrey species as novel phytopharmaceutical or agricultural raw materials. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of ultrasonic power on drying kinetics and product quality of licorice extract during ultrasound‐assisted vacuum drying
Authors: Wang Xuecheng , Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Yutian , Wang Yaqi , Li Yuanhui , Xiong Yaokun , Yang Ming , Luo Xiaorong , Wu Zhenfeng
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Licorice extract is an important raw material for food additives and medicine. The quality of licorice extract is dictated by the drying process. The commonly used drying methods of licorice extract are not efficient in obtaining high‐quality products so alternative techniques need to be developed and researched. In this study, ultrasound‐assisted vacuum drying (UAVD) was first utilized to improve drying efficiency and produce a higher‐quality product. The changes in water mobility of licorice extract during drying were characterized using low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance. In addition, the effects of ultrasonic power on the drying dynamics, the contents of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid, the antioxidant capacity and the microstructure formation of licorice extract during the whole drying process were investigated.

RESULTS

The drying times for licorice extract to reach equilibrium moisture content were reduced by 9.09–69.70% with UAVD at 40–200 W compared with that without ultrasonic treatment (0 W). Moreover, the proportions of bound water and semi‐bound water in fresh concentrate were 3.75% and 96.25%. It was also found that high ultrasonic power promoted the flow of water and the formation of porous structure in licorice extract, which led to the improvement of drying efficiency. The contents of liquiritin (2.444%) and glycyrrhizic acid (6.514%) were retained to a large degree in the dried product at an ultrasonic power of 80 W. The DPPH inhibition rate of UAVD samples with different ultrasonic powers ranged from 84.07 ± 0.46% to 90.65 ± 0.22%.

CONCLUSION

UAVD has the advantages of high efficiency and low energy consumption, which may be an alternative technology for vacuum drying widely used in industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Estimating galvanic corrosion rate of copper/steel couple by using remote earth mixed potential
Authors: Zhuang Dawei , Du Yanxia , Chen Le , Pu Chunming , Zhao Qian , Gu Shaojie
Published: January 2024

Copper and steel are often electrically connected in industrial devices, which causes galvanic corrosion in environments. To ensure the safety of the devices, it is needed to assess the corrosion rate of galvanic couples. The galvanic current is often used to calculate the galvanic corrosion rate in theory, however, in the actual devices, the copper parts are generally coupled with the steel parts and it is difficult to separate them to measure the galvanic current between them, as well as to determine the galvanic corrosion rates for actual devices. In this paper, the galvanic couple mixed potential distribution and influencing factors including area ratios, polarization characteristics, and medium resistivity are studied by experiments and calculation. The mixed potential becomes stable with a certain distance from the surface of copper/steel couple and acts as remote earth mixed potential. Remote earth mixed potential is positively associated with galvanic corrosion rate. Based on the results of experiments and calculation, a method to estimate the galvanic corrosion rate of steel in copper/steel couple by using the remote earth mixed potential is proposed.
Placebo and Nocebo Responses in Pharmacological Trials of Tic Disorders: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wang Simeng , Xiong Zhiyi , Cui Yuehua , Fan Fei , Zhang Si , Jia Ru , Hu Yuchen , Li Liang , Zhang Xuan , Han Fei
Published: January 2024

Background

Clinical trials of new drugs for tic disorders (TD) often fail to yield positive results. Placebo and nocebo responses play a vital role in interpreting the outcomes of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), yet these responses in RCTs of TD remain unexplored.

Objective

The aim was to assess the magnitude of placebo and nocebo responses in RCTs of pharmacological interventions for TD and identify influencing factors.

Methods

A systematic search of the Embase, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO databases was conducted. Eligible studies were RCTs that compared active pharmacological agents with placebos. Placebo response was defined as the change from baseline in TD symptom severity in the placebo group, and nocebo response as the proportion experiencing adverse events (AEs) in this group. Subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were performed to explore modifying factors.

Results

Twenty‐four trials involving 2222 participants were included in this study. A substantial placebo response in TD symptom severity was identified, with a pooled effect size of −0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.99 to −0.59; I2 = 67%). Forty‐four percent (95% CI 27% to 63%; I2 = 92%) of patients experienced AEs while taking inert pills. Sample size, study design, and randomization ratio were correlated with changes in placebo and nocebo responses.

Conclusion

There were considerable placebo and nocebo responses in TD clinical trials. These results are of great relevance for the design of future trials and for clinical practice in TD.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO registration ID CRD42023388397. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Prognostic value of 18F‐FDG PET radiomics and sarcopenia in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Song Yuxing , Tian Ying , Lu Xinyan , Chen Gaoxiang , Lv Xiaozhi
Published: January 2024

Background

Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the head and neck region. Approximately 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). 18F‐FDG PET/CT has been used in OSCC patients for its high value in detecting metastatic lymph nodes and distant metastases. PET radiomics and sarcopenia can be measured on the PET and CT components of 18F‐FDG PET/CT.

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of radiomics and sarcopenia measured on the PET and CT components of pre‐operation 18F‐FDG PET/CT in OSCC.

Methods

A total of 116 patients eventually enrolled in our study were randomly divided into two cohorts: training cohort (n = 58) and validation cohort (n = 58). The Cox model combined with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was applied to construct the radiomics score (Rad_score). The third lumber skeletal muscle index (L3 SMI) was calculated to identify sarcopenia. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the independent prognostic factors. Based on the clinical factors, the clinical model was constructed, and the combined model was developed through the combination of the clinical model and Rad_score. C index, time‐dependent C‐index curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the performance of prediction models.

Results

Three radiomics features constitute the Rad_score for overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS), respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Rad_score was an independent prognostic factor, whereas sarcopenia was not. The combined models showed satisfactory performance in both the training cohort (C‐index: OS:0.836, PFS:0.776) and the validation cohort (C‐index: OS:0.744, PFS:0.712). The combined models were visualized as nomograms. Nomogram scores can realize the risk stratification of OSCC patients. Lower nomogram score is significantly related to the poorer OS (training cohort: p < 0.0001, validation cohort: p < 0.0001, overall cohort: p < 0.0001) and PFS (training cohort: p < 0.0001, validation cohort: p = 0.00017, overall cohort: p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Rad_score, but not sarcopenia, was an independent prognostic factor for patients with OSCC. The nomograms had a satisfactory performance, which might be helpful for OSCC patients and clinicians in personalized prognostic prediction and treatment decision‐making.
Dynamic changes in lung water density and volume following supine body positioning
Authors: Goodhart Thomas , Seres Peter , Grenier Justin , Keen Christopher , Stobbe Rob , Thompson Richard B.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Measure the changes in relative lung water density (rLWD), lung volume, and total lung water content as a function of time after supine body positioning.

Methods

An efficient ultrashort‐TE pulse sequence with a yarnball k‐space trajectory was used to measure water density–weighted lung images for 25 min following supine body positioning (free breathing, 74‐s acquisitions, 3D images at functional residual capacity, 18 time points) in 9 healthy volunteers. Global and regional (10 chest‐to‐back positions) rLWD, lung volume, and total lung water volume were measured in all subjects at all time points. Volume changes were validated with a nitrogen washout study in 3 participants.

Results

Global rLWD increased significantly (p = 0.001) from 31.8 ± 5.5% to 34.8 ± 6.8%, while lung volumes decreased significantly (p < 0.001) from 2390 ± 620 mL to 2130 ± 630 mL over the same 25‐min interval. Total lung water volume decreased slightly from 730 ± 125 mL to 706 ± 126 mL (p = 0.028). There was a significant chest‐to‐back gradient in rLWD (20.7 ± 4.6% to 39.9 ± 6.1%) at all time points with absolute increases of 1.8 ± 1.2% at the chest and 5.4 ± 1.9% at the back. Nitrogen washout studies yielded a similar reduction in lung volume (12.5 ± 0.9%) and time course following supine positioning.

Conclusion

Lung volumes during tidal breathing decrease significantly over tens of minutes following supine body positioning, with corresponding increases in lung water density (9.2 ± 4.4% relative increase). The total volume of lung water is slightly reduced over this interval (3.3 ± 4.0% relative change). Evaluation of rLWD should take time after supine positioning, and more generally, all sources of lung volume changes should be taken into consideration to avoid significant bias.
On the convergence of 2D P4+$$ {P}_{4+} $$ triangular and 3D P6+$$ {P}_{6+} $$ tetrahedral divergence‐free finite elements
Authors: Zhang Shangyou
Published: January 2024

We show that the discrete velocity solution converges at the optimal order when solving the steady state Stokes equations by the ‐ mixed finite element method for on 2D triangular grids or on tetrahedral grids, even in the case the inf‐sup condition fails. By a simple ‐projection of the discrete pressure to the space of continuous polynomials, we show this post‐processed pressure solution also converges at the optimal order. Both 2D and 3D numerical tests are presented, verifying the theory.
SDWA's 50th Anniversary Marked With Busy Agenda
Authors: Moody Chris
Published: January 2024

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has continued to pursue an ambitious regulatory agenda for drinking water. Several significant final actions this year will require utilities to prepare.
Opflow Celebrates 50 Years of Operators Teaching Operators
Authors: Pizzi Nick
Published: January 2024

After 50 years of publication, Opflow continues to share practical advice and wisdom with water treatment and distribution system operators. Operators sharing what they’ve learned is one of the most effective ways to ensure successful continuity in any utility.
Finding and Assessing US Galvanized Service Lines
Authors: Akgun Tugba , Liggett Jennifer
Published: January 2024

Given impending regulations, a study of community water systems found challenges in defining, identifying, and funding remediation of the galvanized pipe associated with lead service lines.
Public preference for the rewilding framework: A choice experiment in the Oder Delta
Authors: Dunn‐Capper Rowan , Giergiczny Marek , Fernández Néstor , Marder Fabian , Pereira Henrique M.
Published: January 2024

Rewilding is an emerging paradigm in restoration science and is increasingly gaining popularity as a cost‐effective ecosystem restoration option. A rewilding framework was recently proposed that contains three integral components: restoring trophic complexity, allowing for stochastic disturbances and enhancing species' potential to disperse. However, as of yet, there has been limited quantitative analysis looking at public preference for rewilding and each of its elements.

We used a discrete choice experiment approach to determine public preference for rewilding in the Oder Delta. The unique geographical context of the Oder Delta, spreading evenly across two countries, allowed us to analyse differences between the German (n = 1005) and Polish (n = 1066) samples.

In both countries, we found that respondents were willing to pay for rewilding interventions when compared against a status quo option. Notably, preferences were strongest for restoring trophic complexity through promoting the comeback of large mammals.

In addition, we found respondents living locally to the study region had significantly different preferences than the nationwide samples, exhibiting negative willingness to pay for the restoration of natural flooding regimes and the presence of large predator species.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Plasma activated‐water stimulates aged pepper seeds and promotes seedling growth
Authors: Guo Dingmeng , Liu Hongxia , Zhang Xiaoning , Xiong Chenlu
Published: January 2024

This study conducted an activation experiment on tap water using a self‐designed dielectric barrier discharge plasma field. Aged pepper seeds and seedlings were chosen as the investigation's subjects to assess plasma‐activated water (PAW's) effects on aged seed germination, seedling growth, and their respective qualities. PAW cultivation led to notable improvements in pepper seeds' germination potential and rate, with increases of 18.0% and 28.3%, respectively. Moreover, the vitality index exhibited a remarkable rise of 250.0%. Concurrently, seedlings treated with PAW exhibited significant growth enhancements, with root length, root number, stem length, and leaf area increasing by 138.6%, 69.2%, 47.9%, and 28.4 cm², respectively. Additionally, PAW treatment induces changes in endogenous substances and enzyme activities in seeds and seedlings.
Urban residence as a driver of wealth differentials: New evidence from Norway
Authors: Galster George , Wessel Terje
Published: January 2024

We investigate theoretically and empirically how urban residence contributes to interpersonal differentials in wealth accumulation trajectories through its interrelated influences on labour and housing market outcomes. On the basis of Norwegian register data, we estimate models of one's position in various national wealth distributions over the 2010–2018 period, employing fixed‐effects to reduce geographic selection bias and obtain plausibly causal estimates of the impact of moving between levels of the rural–urban hierarchy. We find that residing in a more urbanized area for a longer duration is strongly related to one's rank in the net wealth, housing wealth and financial wealth distributions. Differentials in net wealth growth among levels of urbanization are most dramatic for younger and higher‐educated individuals, with further advantages for those who settle in Oslo. Structural equation modelling reveals that these plausibly causal effects arise primarily through gains in housing equity and (to a lesser degree) in earnings and capital incomes, confirming our conceptual model.
Study of Ge‐Rich Ge–Sb–Te Device‐Dependent Segregation for Industrial Grade Embedded Phase‐Change Memory
Authors: Petroni Elisa , Allegra Mario , Baldo Matteo , Laurin Luca , Serafini Andrea , Favennec Laurent , Desvoivres Latifa , Sandrini Jury , Boccaccio Christian , Le‐Friec Yannick , Ostrovsky Alain , Gouraud Pascal , Bonnevialle Aurore , Ranica Rossella , Redaelli Andrea
Published: January 2024

Ge‐rich Ge–Sb–Te (GGST) alloys are the most promising materials for phase‐change memory in embedded applications, being able to fulfill the tough data retention requirements of automotive and consumer markets. GGST alloys are sensitive to thermal budgets and spatial confinement; thus, memory device process integration and architecture can strongly impact their final electrical properties and reliability. Herein, exploiting a statistical methodology capable to extract quantitative metrics for evaluating by‐process segregation, the inhomogeneity of out‐of‐fab GGST material in function of process parameters is studied such as architecture and alloy composition. The present results with the already known source of segregation, namely the back‐end‐of‐line thermal budget, are compared providing a comprehensive description of the main modulating factors of segregation among these different process parameters.
Characteristics of Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Terbium‐Doped Ga2O3 Films
Authors: Guo Qixin , Koga Yushi , Chen Zewei , Saito Katsuhiko , Tanaka Tooru
Published: January 2024

Terbium (Tb)‐doped Ga2O3 films are grown on Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition at a substrate temperature of 500 °C. The electroluminescence (EL) peaks detected at 488, 543, 587, and 622 nm from the Tb‐doped Ga2O3/Si light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) correspond to the 5D4–7F6, 5D4–7F5, 5D4–7F4, and 5D4–7F3 transitions, respectively. The EL intensity initially increases with current up to 70 mA, followed by a decrease at higher currents. Notably, there is no discernible shift in the EL spectra peaks as the operating current varies from 5 to 90 mA. These findings imply that the Tb‐doped Ga2O3/Si LED, characterized by its remarkable wavelength stability, holds significant potential for advancing the development of highly efficient LEDs across diverse applications.
20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury by mitigating mitochondrial oxidative stress via the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Deyun , Duan Hengqian , Zou Cheng , Yang Renhua , Zhang Xiaochao , Sun Yan , Luo Xingwei , lv Di , Chen Peng , Shen Zhiqiang , He Bo
Published: January 2024

Reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress has become an important strategy to prevent neuronal death in ischemic stroke. Previous studies have shown that 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 can significantly improve behavioral abnormalities, reduce infarct size, and decrease the number of apoptotic neurons in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury rats. However, it remains unclear whether 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 can inhibit mitochondrial oxidative stress in ischemic stroke and the potential molecular mechanism. In this study, we found that 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 notably inhibited mitochondrial oxidative stress in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats and maintained the stability of mitochondrial structure and function. Treatment with 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 also decreased the levels of mitochondrial fission proteins (Drp1 and Fis1) and increased the levels of fusion proteins (Opa1, Mfn1, and Mfn2) in MCAO/R rats. Furthermore, we found that 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 promoted nuclear aggregation of nuclear factor erythroid2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) but did not affect Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein‐1 (Keap1), resulting in the downstream expression of antioxidants. In in vitro oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion stroke models, the results of PC12 cells treated with 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 were consistent with animal experiments. After transfection with Nrf2 short interfering RNA (siRNA), the protective effect of 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 on PC12 cells was reversed. In conclusion, the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a vital position in the anti‐cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury of 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3, and its neuroprotective mechanism is related to the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid2‐related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway.
Re‐examination of statistical relationships between dietary fats and other risk factors, and cardiovascular disease, based on two crucial datasets
Authors: Ou Jiarui , Zhang Le , Ru Xiaoli
Published: January 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in many regions around the world, and several of its risk factors might be linked to diets. To improve public health and the understanding of this topic, we look at the recent Minnesota Coronary Experiment (MCE) analysis that used t‐test and Cox model to evaluate CVD risks. However, these parametric methods might suffer from three problems: small sample size, right‐censored bias, and lack of long‐term evidence. To overcome the first of these challenges, we utilize a nonparametric permutation test to examine the relationship between dietary fats and serum total cholesterol. To address the second problem, we use a resampling‐based rank test to examine whether the serum total cholesterol level affects CVD deaths. For the third issue, we use some extra‐Framingham Heart Study (FHS) data with an A/B test to look for meta‐relationship between diets, risk factors, and CVD risks. We show that, firstly, the link between low saturated fat diets and reduction in serum total cholesterol is strong. Secondly, reducing serum total cholesterol does not robustly have an impact on CVD hazards in the diet group. Lastly, the A/B test result suggests a more complicated relationship regarding abnormal diastolic blood pressure ranges caused by diets and how these might affect the associative link between the cholesterol level and heart disease risks. This study not only helps us to deeply analyze the MCE data but also, in combination with the long‐term FHS data, reveals possible complex relationships behind diets, risk factors, and heart disease.
Protein Binding Leads to Reduced Stability and Solvated Disorder in the Polystyrene Nanoparticle Corona
Authors: Somarathne Radha P. , Amarasekara Dhanush L. , Kariyawasam Chathuri S. , Robertson Harley A. , Mayatt Railey , Gwaltney Steven R. , Fitzkee Nicholas C.
Published: January 2024

Understanding the conformation of proteins in the nanoparticle corona has important implications in how organisms respond to nanoparticle‐based drugs. These proteins coat the nanoparticle surface, and their properties will influence the nanoparticle's interaction with cell targets and the immune system. While some coronas are thought to be disordered, two key unanswered questions are the degree of disorder and solvent accessibility. Here, a model is developed for protein corona disorder in polystyrene nanoparticles of varying size. For two different proteins, it is found that binding affinity decreases as nanoparticle size increases. The stoichiometry of binding, along with changes in the hydrodynamic size, supports a highly solvated, disordered protein corona anchored at a small number of attachment sites. The scaling of the stoichiometry versus nanoparticle size is consistent with disordered polymer dimensions. Moreover, it is found that proteins are destabilized less in the presence of larger nanoparticles, and hydrophobic exposure decreases at lower curvatures. The observations hold for proteins on flat polystyrene surfaces, which have the lowest hydrophobic exposure. The model provides an explanation for previous observations of increased amyloid fibrillation rates in the presence of larger nanoparticles, and it may rationalize how cell receptors can recognize protein disorder in therapeutic nanoparticles.
P‐Incorporation Induced Enhancement of Lattice Oxygen Participation in Double Perovskite Oxides to Boost Water Oxidation
Authors: Fu Gaoliang , Zhang Leilei , Wei Ruixue , Liu Huili , Hou Ruipeng , Zhang Zheng , Yang Kun , Zhang Shouren
Published: January 2024

Activating the lattice oxygen in the catalysts to participate in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which can break the scaling relation–induced overpotential limitation (> 0.37 V) of the adsorbate evolution mechanism, has emerged as a new and highly effective guide to accelerate the OER. However, how to increase the lattice oxygen participation of catalysts during OER remains a major challenge. Herein, P‐incorporation induced enhancement of lattice oxygen participation in double perovskite LaNi0.58Fe0.38P0.07O3‐σ (PLNFO) is studied. P‐incorporation is found to be crucial for enhancing the OER activity. The current density reaches 1.35 mA cmECSA−2 at 1.63 V (vs RHE), achieving a sixfold increase in intrinsic activity. Experimental evidences confirm the dominant lattice oxygen participation mechanism (LOM) for OER pathway on PLNFO. Further electronic structures reveal that P‐incorporation shifts the O p‐band center by 0.7 eV toward the Fermi level, making the states near the Fermi level more O p character, thus facilitating LOM and fast OER kinetics. This work offers a possible method to develop high‐performance double perovskite OER catalysts for electrochemical water splitting.
Triple Synergism Effect of Ammonium Nitrilotriacetate on the Chemical Mechanical Polishing Performance of Ruthenium Barrier Layers
Authors: He Ziwei , Zhou Jianwei , Qi Yuhang , Luo Chong , Wang Chenwei , Liu Jianghao
Published: January 2024

As the feature size of integrated circuits continues to decrease, ruthenium (Ru) has been suggested as the successor to traditional Ta/TaN bilayers for barrier layer materials due to its unique properties. This research delves into the effects of ammonium nitrilotriacetate (NTA(NH4)3) on the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) performance of Ru in H2O2‐based slurry. The removal rate (RR) of Ru surged from 47 to 890 Å min−1, marking an increase of about 17 times. The essence of this mechanism lies in the triple synergistic effects of NTA(NH4)3 in promoting ruthenium (Ru) removal: 1) The interaction between from NTA(NH4)3 and SiO2 abrasives; 2) The chelating action of [(NH4)N(CH2COO)3]2‐ from NTA(NH4)3 on Ru and its oxides; 3) The ammoniation and chelation of Ru and its oxides by from NTA(NH4)3, which enhance the dissolution and corrosion of oxidized Ru, making its removal during the barrier layer CMP process more efficient through mechanical means. This research introduces a synergistic approach for the effective removal of Ru, shedding light on potential applications of CMP in the field of the integrated circuits.