bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Long-acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) Use among Women of Reproductive Age in Indonesia: 2017 IDHS Data Analysis
Authors: Kurniatin Lydia , Marsita Elma , Nugroho Darojad Nurjono Agung
Published: November 2023

Background: The achievement of active Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) participants for West Kalimantan Province was only 9.54% in 2019 and it has not meet with the main performance target in the Strategic Plan (2015-2019) 15.19%. Research Objectives: To analyze the determinants of the use of LARC by women of reproductive age in West Kalimantan based on the results of the 2017 IDHS data analysis. Research Method: Analytical research with cross-sectional research design and using data from the 2017 IDHS in West Kalimantan. The research sample was all women of reproductive age aged 15-49 years in West Kalimantan who were using contraception, namely 501 respondents. Results: Bivariate analysis illustrates that there is a correlation between age (p value = 0.008), education level (p value = 0.002), parity (p value = 0.009), place of residence (p value = 0.005, economic status (p value = 0.000), and internet access with the status of LARC usage by women of reproductive age in West Kalimantan (p value = 0.000). Other results concluded that there was no relationship between the variables  of work (p value = 0.3), knowledge (p value = 0.674), distance to health services (p value = 0.2 ), health promotion by health workers (p value = 0.478), spousal support (p value = 0.8) and the variable number of wanted children with the status of women of reproductive age using LARC in West Kalimantan (p value = 0.173). Conclusion: There is a need to increase education and reach of contraceptive services for husbands by conduction collaborative works with public figure, religious leaders and women's organizations in carrying out health promotions about contraception in various public facilities.
EFEK ANALGESIK KOMBINATIF INFUSA JAHE MERAH, TEMUKUNCI, KENCUR, SERAI, DAN ASAM JAWA PADA MENCIT BETINA DENGAN METODE WRITHING TEST
Authors: Sujana Dani , Nurul  , Hasyim Dadang Muhammad , Nugraha Yogi Rahman , Wardani Diah , Pertiwi Mina , Renggana Hesti
Published: November 2023

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience caused by actual or potential tissue damage. Based on systematic review studies it has been proven that red ginger, temukunci, kencur, lemongrass and tamarind have been shown to have analgesic effects both in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the analgesic effect of IJTKSA. The method used in this study is a laboratory experiment with an analytical descriptive approach. The results showed that IJTKSA both concentrations of 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.08% were able to reduce the number of writhing mice. Overall, IJTKSA concentration of 0.02% has the most effective analgesic effect as evidenced by the low average total number of writhing mice during 60 minutes of observation.
FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI KRIM EKSTRAK DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI ASAM STEARAT DAN TRIETANOLAMIN
Authors: Nurfitri Laela , Endriyatno Nur Cholis
Published: November 2023

The fragrant pandan leaf (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) contains flavonoid compounds that can function as a sunscreen. Sunscreen preparations are generally in the form of creams. In cream formulations, emulsifiers play a crucial role in imparting physical properties to the cream. The objective of this research is to determine the influence of the combination of stearic acid and triethanolamine on the physical properties and stability of the cream and to identify the optimal emulsifier concentration. Cream formulations were prepared in three formulations with a combination of stearic acid and triethanolamine (TEA), namely F I (17%: 3.5%), F II (18%: 3%), and F III (19%: 2.5%). The cream formulations underwent physical evaluations such as organoleptic testing, homogeneity testing, viscosity testing, adhesion testing, pH testing, skin irritation testing, spreading power testing, and stability testing. The data obtained were analyzed using One Way ANOVA (analysis of variance) with a confidence level of 95%. The research data results showed that the addition of stearic acid and trietanolamin affected the viscosity, pH value, spreading power, and adhesion of the cream but did not affect the organoleptic properties, stability, homogeneity, and skin irritation. Based on the physical properties and statistical tests, the concentration of stearic acid and trietanolamin emulsifier (17%: 3.5%) was found to be the best.
Antioxidant Effect of Shallot Peel Infusion on Kidney Oxidative Stress in Diazinon-Induced Wistar Rats
Authors: Helianti Dina , Rosita Dewi  , Ayu Munawaroh Aziz  , Sheila Rachmania
Published: November 2023

Diazinon is a pesticide widely used by farmers to control pests. Exposure to the low doses of diazinon can occur continuously through a polluted environment and diazinon residues in agricultural products. It has a nephrotoxic effect through oxidative stress mechanism. Flavonoid as antioxidant can significantly neutralize oxidative stress. Shallot peel is a source of flavonoids. This study was designed to determine the antioxidant effect of shallot skin infusion (SPI) on kidney oxidative stress in diazinon-induced Wistar rats by measuring the flavonoid level of SPI and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Rats were divided into normal, diazinon, and SPI groups. Diazinon was administered at dose of 40 mg/kgBW for 7 days followed by SPI at doses of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kgBW for 7 days. The flavonoid level of SPI was measured using spectrophotometry method and the kidney MDA level was measured using ELISA method. The flavonoid level of SPI was 96.8 mg QE/L. The results showed that the normal group had the lowest kidney MDA level of 2.585 mM/mL, the diazinon group had the highest level of 2.708 M/mL, while the SPI group at dose of of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kgBW had renal MDA levels of 2.642 mM/mL, 2.644 mM/mL, and 2.593 mM/mL. Nevertheless, the result of statistical analysis showed that the kidney MDA levels seven days after diazinon administration was not significantly different from the normal group so that SPI administration did not affect the kidney MDA level in diazinon-induced Wistar rats.

Keyword: Shallot Peel, Diazinon, Oxidative Stress, Kidney Malondialdehyde
Gambaran Kemauan Siswa Sekolah dalam Pemberian Pertolongan Pertama Cedera
Authors: Rida Darotin
Published: November 2023

Latar belakang: Cedera merupakan masalah kesehatan yang disebabkan karena ketidaksengajaan. Usia 5-14 tahun adalah usia dalam masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan untuk mengembangkan motorik kasar yang memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami cedera. Puluhan juta anak memerlukan perawatan setiap tahun dikarenakan oleh cedera, sebagian besar dari kasus tersebut mengalami kecacatan seumur Anak usia sekolah yaitu usia 6 tahun memiliki asumsi yang lebih tinggi terhadap kemampuan fisiknya sedangkan untuk usia 7-12 tahun mempunyai keterbatasan dalam pemahaman terkait keselamatan diri. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemauan melakukan pertolongan pertama (First Aid) pada 238 siswa kelas VIII Siswa SMPN 1 Jember menggunakan teknik total sampling. Kriteria inklusi dalam penelitian adalah siswa bersedia menjadi responden, dan hadir pada saat pelaksanaan penelitian berlangsung. Kriteria eksklusi dalam penelitian ini adalah responden dalam keadaan kurang sehat, ijin tidak hadir sekolah. Instrumen telah dilakukan analisis uji validitas dan realibilitas dengan tingkat kepercayaan 0.05 menggunakan 20 sampel. Hasil: Sebagian besar usia responden dalam penelitan adalah 13 tahun dengan Jenis kelamin perempuan paling banyak. Untuk Kategori kemauan dalam memberikan pertolongan pertama (First Aid) dalam kategori kemauan sedang. Sebagian siswa bersedia menyediakan dan menentukan alat yang dibutuhkan, berusahan mencari informasi, melakukan konsultasi, dan memberikan tenanganya untuk memberi pertolongan. Dan dalam kategori hanya bersedia meluangkan waktu dan memberikan alokasi dana untuk memberi pertolongan. Kesimpulan: diperlukan pemberian informasi yang berkesinambungan agar pengenalan program pemberian pertolongan pertama pada cedera dapat dianggap sebagai hal yang memang dibutuhkan oleh semua orang dalam upaya menanamkan kemauan untuk mengurangi angka kesakitan akibat cedera.
Basil Seeds Infused Water Increases Hemoglobin Levels in Adolescent Women in Jember
Authors: Widiyanti Febrina Artha , Arifuddin Sharvianty , Ahmad Mardiana , Hadju Veny , Nontji Werna , Aryandy Andi
Published: November 2023

Anemia is a condition of decreased hemoglobin levels, hematocrit and erythrocyte count and requires the availability of sufficient iron and protein so that hemoglobin synthesis can be carried out. Basil seeds are a good source of micronutrients and have excellent antioxidant potential for health and can be used as an attractive beverage with various benefits. This study aims to determine the effect of giving Basil Infused Water on increasing Hemoglobin levels which is expected to be a solution to prevent anemia in young women as a preparation for becoming a mother so that complications do not occur during a future pregnancy. Materials and This research was conducted at the Nuris Islamic Boarding School, Jember Regency. This research is a Quasy Experiment with a blinded pre-post test group design . The sample used was 52 young women. Sampling by purposive sampling in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Data analysis using statistical tests paired T-test and Independent T-Test . The study showed that there was an increase in hemoglobin levels in young women after being given intervention in the form of basil infused water for 90 days with a total of three times a week. The statistical test results showed that there was a mean difference of 1.6423 gr/dl and statistically significant with p = 0.000 where p <0.05 which means there was an increase in hemoglobin levels before and after being given basil seeds infused water .

Keyword: Basil Seeds, Hemoglobin, Adolescent Women
Relationship Between Maternal Knowledge Parenting Patterns and Exclusive Breastfeeding with The Incidence of Stunting in Toddlers in The Work Area of The Urban Health Center Tanjung Priok North Jakarta.
Authors: Permaha Owan Ratna , Argarini Diah , Hidayat Rizki
Published: November 2023

Stunting is a condition in which babies are shorter than their peers, With a prevalence of 36.4%, Indonesia ranks third among Southeast Asian nations. The aim is to determine the relationship between the level of mother's knowledge, exclusive breastfeeding and parenting style with the incidence of stunting in toddlers . This study used a descriptive analytic method with a cross-sectional approach, a sample of 81 toddlers stunted and non-stunted toddlers. The sample technique uses a purposive sampling technique. The instrument used is scale likert questionnaire. The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between the mother's knowledge level pvalue = 0.000, exclusive breastfeeding pvalue = 0.003 and parenting style pvalue = 0.000 to the incidence of stunting in toddlers. There is a significant relationship between the level of mother's knowledge, exclusive breastfeeding and parenting style with the incidence of stunting. Monitoring and assessing program implementation is necessary, as is periodically treating nutrition cases. Outreach initiatives and support for moms of young children are also important ways to raise awareness of the value of exclusive breastfeeding.

Keyword: Maternal Knowledge Level, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Parenting, Incidence of Stunting
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN OPEN ENDED TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMECAHKAN MASALAH PADA MATERI OPERASI BILANGAN
Authors: Nurhasanah Umi , Sandi Budiana  , Fitri Anjaswuri
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  pengaruh model pembelajaran Open Ended terhadap kemampuan memecahkan masalah pada materi operasi bilangan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDIT AL Hikmah pada semester satu tahun ajaran 2023/2024. Metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan eksperimen kuasi desain dua grup. Subjek penelitian ini ialah siswa siswa kelas IV SDIT Al Hikmah dengan jumlah siswa 60 orang. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil pada kemampuan memecahkan masalah atau N-gain diperoleh dengan menggunakan pretest dan posttest. Peneliti juga melakukan uji normalitas dengan uji liliefors kedua sampel berdistribusi normal karena nilai kedua sampel lebih kecil dari Ltabel. Pada kelompok kelas Open Ended didapat Lhitung ≤ Ltabel yaitu 0,052 ≤ 0,161, dan pada kelompok kelas kontrol didapat Lhitung ≤ Ltabel yaitu 0,063 ≤ 0,161. Kemudian pada uji homogenitas data tersebut bersifat homogen karena lebih kecil dari Ftabel, didapatkan nilai 1,518 ≤ 1,860. Selanjutnya pada uji hipotesis didapatkan thitung sebesar 67,67 lebih besar dari ttabel sebesar 2,001717, menunjukkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Dengan demikian terdapat pengaruh model Open Ended  terhadap kemampuan memecahkan maslaah matematika materi operasi bilangan pada kelas IV SDIT Al Hikmah.

 

Kata Kunci: Open Ended, Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah, Matematika, Operasi Bilangan, Peserta didik kelas 4
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Make A Match Berbasis Kartu Bergambar terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Ragil Aria Irawan  , Henry Aditia Rigianti
Published: November 2023

Writing this study aims to determine the effect of the make a match learning model on student learning outcomes on heat transfer material for grade 5 SD Ki Ageng Giring. This research was conducted using a quantitative method with a pre-experimental design. The type of design chosen in this study is the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample used was grade 5 as many as 21 students as research subjects. Based on the data obtained, the results showed that there was an influence of the picture card-based learning model on student learning outcomes. This is supported by research data which shows a significance value of 0.00. Thus, based on the sig testing criteria <0.05, it can be concluded that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected so that there’s a positive influence with the application of  picture card-based make a match learning model on the learning outcomes of cognitive aspects of students in learning IPA heat transfer materials. This research is expected to be useful for all parties involved.
URGENSI PENERAPAN LITERASI MEMBACA PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DSAR KAITANYA UNTUK MENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR
Authors: Setiani Eka , Nana Hendracipta  , Siti Rokmanah
Published: November 2023

Jurnal ini mengkaji urgensi penerapan literasi membaca pada siswa sekolah dasar dan kaitannya untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar. Literasi membaca adalah keterampilan kunci yang membentuk dasar pendidikan yang kuat. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa adalah tujuan utama dalam sistem pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mendalam menggali hubungan antara literasi membaca dan hasil belajar di tingkat dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan mengumpulkan data melalui tes membaca dan pengukuran hasil belajar siswa.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang memiliki tingkat literasi membaca yang lebih tinggi cenderung mencapai hasil belajar yang lebih baik. Literasi membaca tidak hanya berkontribusi pada kemampuan siswa untuk memahami materi pelajaran, tetapi juga memicu minat dan motivasi mereka dalam belajar. Temuan penelitian ini memiliki implikasi penting dalam pengembangan strategi pendidikan di tingkat dasar. Guru dan lembaga pendidikan harus memberikan penekanan pada pengembangan literasi membaca siswa sebagai bagian dari kurikulum mereka. Selain itu, kerjasama dengan orangtua dan masyarakat dalam meningkatkan literasi membaca di luar lingkungan sekolah juga merupakan faktor penting dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar. Penelitian ini menggarisbawahi urgensi literasi membaca sebagai fondasi pendidikan yang kokoh dan kaitannya dengan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa di sekolah dasar. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya upaya berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan literasi membaca siswa sebagai langkah kunci dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang lebih baik dan berkualitas di tingkat dasar.
FAKTOR - FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT KARIR MAHASISWA KELAS KARYAWAN PROGRAM STUDI BK UNIVERSITAS PGRI SEMARANG
Authors: Imarotul Aliyah  , Heri Saptadi Ismanto  , Agus Setiawan
Published: November 2023

The aim of this research is to determine the factors that influence the career interest of employee class students in the BK study program at PGRI University Semarang. Factors that influence the career interests of students in the employee class of the BK study program at PGRI University Semarang are measured by the variables of interest, academic achievement, type of work chosen, and parental expectations. The sample in this research were students from the employee class of the BK study program at PGRI University Semarang. Data analysis uses data reduction type analysis techniques, presenting data and drawing conclusions regarding the factors that influence the career interests of employee class students in the BK study program at PGRI University Semarang. The results of the research show that the factors that influence the career interests of students in the employee class of the BK study program at PGRI University Semarang include internal factors and external factors. Where internal factors consist of interest and academic achievement, while external factors consist of the type of job chosen and salary or income.
Nosocomial pneumonia: Current etiology and impact on antimicrobial therapy
Authors: Gamazo Julio Javier , Candel Francisco Javier , González del Castillo Juan
Published: November 2023

Nosocomial pneumonia is an infection with high clinical impact and high morbimortality in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays a priority role, especially in the critically ill patient. Conventional antipseudomonal treatments, historically considered as standard, are currently facing important challenges due to the increase of antimicrobial resistance. In recent years, new antimicrobials have been developed with attractive sensitivity profiles and remarkable efficacy in clinical scenarios of nosocomial pneumonia including bacteremia, mechanical ventilation, infections with multidrug-resistant organisms or situations of therapeutic failure. This new evidence underscores the need to update current clinical guidelines for the antimicrobial treatment of nosocomial pneumonia, especially in the most critically ill patients.
Group A Streptococcus invasive infection in children: Epidemiologic changes and implications
Authors: Ramos Amador José Tomás , Berzosa Sánchez Arantxa , Illán Ramos Marta
Published: November 2023

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) can cause a broad array of clinical manifestations and complications. Recently, in post COVID-19 postpandemic months, there has been an increased incidence and severity of invasive infections in the pediatric age group in Spain and other European countries with high morbidity, affecting mostly to young children, associated with seasonal peaks in incidence of viral respiratory pathogens. The increased in incidence and severity has not been associated with predominant GAS strains, but rather to the lack of immunity to both GAS and common viral respiratory infections due to isolation measures to prevent COVID-19. Due to the nonspecific initial clinical manifestations a high index of suspicion is necessary in order to initiate a prompt medical and surgical treatment when necessary to improve the outcome. Prevention strategies are needed as well as continuous microbiological surveillance of iGAS strains.
Feminist Quest Heroine: Female Superheroines and Deconstruction of Male Heroism
Authors: Aupitak Thanong
Published: November 2023

Hero's narratives have long been significantly shaped by male heroism to construct a certain perception towards gender by imposing hegemonic masculinity onto a male hero and hegemonic femininity on a female in order to establish a perpetual linkage between masculinity and superiority, simultaneously marginalizing female characters and their values by limiting their roles into being damsels in distress waiting to be rescued by a male hero and later becoming a reward of his success. Nevertheless, it has become prominent that various materials, especially movies, in the twenty-first century American popular culture have adopted a different model to portray a narrative of heroism by infusing it with the concept of Feminist Quest Heroine, a theory foregrounded by Svenja Hohenstein that highlights the re-modification of male-dominated narrative of heroism into a feminist one. The narrative no longer cherishes the superiority of masculinity but now addresses the feminine aspects instead. In order to rework the narrative, the concept points out to four different but inter-related approaches: the empowerment of femininity, reworking gendered bodies, power of connections, and a critique of patriarchal power. The adoption of the approaches result in a more empowering heroine who is able to subvert traditional aspects embedded with a conventional narrative of heroism.
The Dollhouse and Mobility of the Southern Gothic Legacy in Sharp Objects
Authors: Klusáková Veronika
Published: November 2023

The text explores several issues connected to the relationship between the gothic house and its miniature double, a dollhouse, on the example of a Southern Gothic TV series Sharp Objects, an HBO production from 2018. It addresses their similar position as gendered spaces (the house being a profoundly feminine business, the dollhouse a field for girls to practice femininity), their gothicization (both host traumas and secrets of the past), and the work they perform in the perpetuation of their Gothic legacy. The foregrounding of mobility and agency in the treatment of the gothic dollhouse helps to question and reread one of the basic building blocks of Southern Gothic fiction: its reliance on the sense of place. In this view, the dollhouse operates as an interface between the world outside and inside and thus dissolves the boundaries set by the master house. It is not just its mirror image, propelling a mise-en-abîme project of perpetual proliferation, but, when properly noticed, provides a tool for the healing of past wounds and traumas via their contemporary embodiments, and sets new directions for the social relevance of Southern Gothic fiction.
TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE OF OSTEOARTICULAR PAIN AND MENTAL HEALTH
Authors:   Medical Student At The University Iguaçu - Unig, Itaperuna, Rj, Brazil, Aires Marques Melissa Alves , De Oliveira Bianca Gabriella ,   Medical Student At The University Salvador - Unifacs, Salvador, Ba, Brazil, Rodrigues Corsini Allan ,   Medical Student At The University Salvador - Unifacs, Salvador, Ba, Brazil, Moraes Filho Cícero Azevedo De ,   Resident Doctor Psiquiatria Pela Secretária Municipal De Saúde De Vitória Da Conquista, Ba, Brazil, Aquino Peixoto Paloma Pinheiro De ,   Medical Student At The Uninassau, Recife, Pe, Brazil, Negreiros Holtz Fabricio ,   Medical Student At The Uninassau, Recife, Pe, Brazil, Costa Nerys Rafael ,   Doctor Orthopedist And Traumatologist No Hospital Universitário De Nova Iguaçú(Unig), Rio De Janeiro, Rj, Brazil, Pereira Da Silva Laís Cristina ,   Doctor Orthopedist And Traumatologis No Hospital Estadual De Urgências De Goiás - Dr Valdemiro Cruz(Hugo),Goiânia, Go ; Shoulder And Elbow No Hospital Das Clínicas Da Ufg, Goiânia, Go, Brazil, Costa Simoes Marcella Rodrigues ,   Medical Student At The University Salvador - Unifacs, Salvador, Ba, Brazil
Published: November 2023

Pain is a difficult to understand and multifactorial condition, defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with a real injury or described in such terms." When acute, it has an important biological value in preserving the integrity of the individual by alerting them to the occurrence of an injury, while chronic pain does not have this characteristic. It is considered a public health problem because it causes temporary or permanent disability, absenteeism, high costs to the health system and morbidity. It is estimated that the prevalence of chronic pain in the world is around 10.1 to 55.5%, with an average of 35.5%.Several studies have investigated the causal nature of this association and point to a bidirectional relationship. This is a literature review with the application of an anonymous questionnaire.Orthopaedic surgeons and musculoskeletal clinicians have given importance to mental health in patient recovery after injury or orthopaedic surgery, since pain after these events is common, and can trigger a new mental illness or its worsening. We therefore conclude that interventions to assess pain and mental health should be prioritized, in addition to the greater involvement of psychiatrists and psychologists in this process.
Effects of Job Design Dimensions on Organizational Performance: A Study of Cross River State Internal Revenue Service, Calabar
Authors: Ele Augustine Augustine , Eneh Sunday Isaac , Okongo Nsor John , Ettah Patricia Omini , Ewah Sunday Felix , Abdullahi Samuel
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the effects of job design dimensions on organizational performance of public sector organization in Cross River State using Cross River State Board of Internal Revenue Service, Calabar, for the study. The study sought to examine the extent to which skill variety, task identity, task significance, task autonomy as well as feedback significantly affects organizational performance (employees’ motivation, job satisfaction, employees’ commitment, employees’ involvement) of public sector organizations in the state. The study adopted survey research design. The population of the study was four hundred (400). The sample size was 196 respondents from the Cross River State Board of Internal Revenue Service, Calabar, determined by Krejcie and Morgan Table of 1970. The study revealed that skill variety, task identity, task significance, task autonomy as well as job feedback significantly affects organizational performance of public sector organizations in the state. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the government and management of public sector organizations should at all times design jobs based on skill variety, task identity and task significance in order to increase organizational performance continuously. The government as well as management should also be granting task autonomy to workers while performing their routine jobs and responsibilities, for this will in turn enhance employees as well as organizational performance steadily.
Parallel Search Using Probabilistic DNA Sticker Model to Cryptanyze One Time Pad Polyalphabetic Cipher
Authors: Sahar Yaseen Basim
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, it is difficult to imagine a powerful algorithm of cryptography that can continue cryptanalyzing and attacking without the use of unconventional techniques. Although some of the substitution algorithms are old, such as Vigenère, Alberti, and Trithemius ciphers, they are considered powerful and cannot be broken. In this paper we produce the novelty algorithm, by using of biological computation as an unconventional search tool combined with an uninhibited analysis method is the vertical probabilistic model, that makes attacking and analyzing these ciphers possible and very easy to transform the problem from a complex to a linear one, which is a novelty achievement. The letters of the encoded message are processed in the form of segments of equal length, to report the available hardware components. Each letter codon represents a region of the memory strand, and the letters calculated for it are symbolized within the probabilistic model so that each pair has a triple encoding: the first is given as a memory strand encoding and the others are its complement in the sticker encoding; These encodings differ from one region to another. The solution space is calculated and then the parallel search process begins. Some memory complexities are excluded even though they are within the solution paths formed, because the natural language does not contain its sequences. The precision of the solution and the time consuming of access to it depend on the length of the processed text, and the precision of the solution is often inversely proportional to the speed of access to it. As an average of the time spent to reach the solution, a text with a length of 200 cipher characters needs approximately 15 minutes to give 98 % of the correct components of the specific hardware. The aim of the paper is to transform OTP substitution analysis from a NP problem to a O(n^m) problem, which makes it easier to find solutions to it easily with the available capabilities and to develop methods that are harnessed to attack difficult and powerful ciphers that differ in class and type from the OTP polyalphabetic substitution ciphers.
Memorable Moments from the Last 30 Years of INTERPOL
Authors: Hegyaljai Mátyás
Published: November 2023

Aim: The aim of the study is to present, from the author’s own point of view and based on his personal experience, the most significant changes in INTERPOL over the last 30 years in Hungary.Methodology: In addition to the relevant literature and legislation, the author draws on his own lived experience to describe the past three decades of the organization's ‘close-up view of history’.Findings: Looking at the history of INTERPOL, it can be seen that, in addition to the spirit of internationalism, regionalism and regional/continental cooperation have always played a crucial role in practice. In the beginning, partly due to a lack of technical development, this was a restraining force in day-to-day operations. However, INTERPOL has taken advantage of the opportunities offered by technical-digital developments to recognise the regionality of the way in which smwaller entities are recognised and operate, thus contributing to the effectiveness of global INTERPOL. In Europe, this is represented by the INTERPOL European Commission. Likewise, an important means of enhancing effectiveness is INTERPOL’s cooperation with other regional law enforcement organisations – in the case of Europe, this is the close working relationship that has been established between INTERPOL and Europol. All this could not be achieved without the added value through the National Centre Bureaus of the Member States, which in the case of Hungary is the International Law Enforcement Cooperation Centre.Value: As a result of this overview, the reader can see the structure of the domestic system, its links with the international organisation, the relevant EU agencies and the structure and role of the committees of strategic importance.
INTERPOL’s Contribution and Prospective Roles in Tackling Migrant Smuggling Concerning Europe and Wider Area
Authors: Maftei Ciprian-Vasile
Published: November 2023

Illegal migration is a major ongoing crisis affecting Europe, but, also, a global one. While the causes determining people to leave their habitat are diverse (violent conflicts, social unrest, economic problems, effects of the climate change and so on), what is obvious is that the migrant smugglers ruthlessly try to take advantage on their plight for profit purposes. In this regard, INTERPOL’s assistance to the national authorities, as well as its cooperation with other international organisations and agencies operating in the field of law enforcement cooperation, in countering migrant smuggling, is hugely important. As migrant trafficking is one of the driving forces of illegal migration, in the author’s opinion, in order to better counter the complex migrant smuggling networks, it would be needed a more comprehensive, targeted and tailored approach meant to facilitate simultaneous, quicker and coordinated operations in multiple jurisdictions.Aim: To describe the contribution of trafficking in migrants to the exacerbation of illegal migration, the role of INTERPOL in assisting European Union and its relevant agencies, as well as to contemplate to new ideas leading to solutions meant to tackle more effectively this scourge.Methodology: Having a solid experience in combating migrant smuggling, both at the operational and strategic level, as well as in the field of international Police cooperation, the Author, using both an empirical and a descriptive approach, tries to highlight the main elements of the problem based on which to contribute to a debate aimed at finding ideas and solutions for improving the efficiency of the fight against this criminal phenomenon, concerning the European continent and a wider area.Findings: The migrant smuggling networks are intrinsically connected to the phenomenon of illegal migration, looking to exploit its causes and take advantage on people’s vulnerabilities. These networks, which could be very dynamic and complex, easily spreads and infiltrates across national jurisdictions, requiring a strong response on behalf of the law enforcement agencies, which cannot be effective enough without ensuring a solid, smart and flexible international cooperation process, both at strategic and practical level. In this respect, INTERPOL’s role, alongside its partners at European and global level is essential.Value: The author’s purpose is that of describing the complexity and the implications of migrant smuggling on Europe, as well as to propose a more pragmatic, tailored and coordinated approach for fighting this phenomenon.
The beginnings of INTERPOL
Authors: Marangoni Richard
Published: November 2023

Aim: This article presents the 1st international judicial police congress, which was held in Monaco, from 14 to 18 April 1914, as well as its outcome, and recalls the commemoration of its centenary at the 83rd session of the INTERPOL General Assembly, held in Monaco from 3 to 7 November 2014.Methodology: Documents from Monegasque archives were used for the writing of this article. Some of them are published here.Findings: From the beginning of the 20th century, the Principality of Monaco, under the leadership of a visionary Head of State, His Serene Highness Prince Albert I, was strongly involved in the implementation of instruments aimed at establishing international cooperation between the judicial police departments of different countries and improve exchanges in criminal matters, to facilitate the search and arrest of criminals. To this end, Monaco organised in 1914 the first congress that brought together police officers and lawyers, who were tasked with developing proposals to meet these new needs and put representatives from around twenty countries in direct contact with each other. The outbreak of the First World War, however, interrupted the continuation of the process of strengthening international exchanges initiated on this occasion, which should have led to a second stage planned in 1916 and eventually did not resume until 1923.Value: 2023 is the year of the Centenary of the creation of the International Criminal Police Commission, which became the International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL. From a historical point of view, it is interesting to look at the beginnings of the founding of an international institution specialized in the field of fight against crime and to recall that this construction is the result of a more ancient reflection initiated at the beginning of the 20th century, which first materialised through an initiative in Monaco in 1914 (commemorated in 2014, also in Monaco). The resolutions that were adopted by the experts of the time, gathered at the invitation of the Principality, and are presented in this contribution underline the precision of the issues they had identified, as well as the relevance of the proposed solutions, some of those still being valid today.
The INTERPOL Global Complex for Innovation in Singapore: A Personal Retrospective
Authors: Herko Thomas
Published: November 2023

Aim: The article introduces the INTERPOL Global Complex for Innovation (IGCI) in Singapore. It provides a survey of the facility’s genesis and development portraying the ambitious original vision for the IGCI to become firstly, a second headquarter for the INTERPOL General Secretariat (IGS), secondly, a cutting-edge research and development facility for police worldwide, and thirdly, an Asian hub for international police cooperation.Methodology: The author has used open sources supplemented by personal memories and insights of both former and current executive staff of the IGS.Findings: As the original vision for the IGCI has not been accomplished to date, three key factors are identified as crucial for its realisation: agreement, funding, as well as commitment.Value: The article assesses the added value of the IGCI for international police cooperation as well as its future potential.
The Role of INTERPOL in the European Integrated Border Management
Authors: Herczeg Mónika
Published: November 2023

Aim: The study focuses on how the cooperation between the EU and INTERPOL fits into the European integrated border management system, how it contributes to the effectiveness of external border management, and what challenges it faces.Methodology: The paper examines cooperation from the perspective of European integrated border management, drawing on relevant international and national literature on the topic.Findings: By examining this cooperation, the author demonstrates that the relationship between INTERPOL and the EU border administration is vital to enhancing the EU’s ability to effectively manage its borders. INTERPOL provides valuable intelligence, training and operational support to EU Member States in the fight against terrorism, organised crime and other transnational threats. Cooperation contributes significantly to improving border management practices, strengthening cross-border cooperation and ensuring the safety and security of EU citizens.Value: The study presents the relationship between INTERPOL and the EU border management agencies through the European integrated border management model and highlights the challenges involved.
Être activiste à l’ère du numérique au Cameroun : entre logiques de visibilisation des causes sociales, luttes de visibilité de soi et stratégies d’accumulation
Authors: Elanga Edmond VII Mballa , Abouga Clavel Vicky Omgba
Published: November 2023

Le Cameroun est un pays où les médias ont longtemps évolué dans un régime de la censure (Atenga, 2007). Les choses ont changé à partir de 1990, avec la libéralisation du système politique. Celle-ci va progressivement conduire à l’ouverture de l’espace médiatique. Bénéficiant des premières connexions au réseau Internet, depuis avril 1997 (Tamokwe Piaptie, 2013), l’espace social numérique camerounais est devenu aujourd’hui une véritable plateforme de redéploiement du travail d’activisme politique. Désormais, les « laissés-pour-compte » d’hier, restés longtemps dépourvu de parole, peuvent s’exprimer à leur guise sans risque d’être interrompus grâce aux facilités que leur donnent les plateformes numériques. Cet état de chose suscite une curiosité intellectuelle relativement aux conditions de déploiement de ces « nouveaux leaders d’opinion ». Ainsi, cette réflexion qui s’inscrit dans le cadre des interrogations sur le rôle des technologies avancées dans la structuration du travail d’activisme au Cameroun se veut une contribution à la sociologie des réseaux sociaux numériques. Par une démarche conciliant méthode qualitative (observation directe et analyse documentaire) et les digitals methods (sources d’information basée sur des traces numériques), nous démontrons que l’activisme numérique s’appréhende comme une activité complexe, structurée par des contraintes liées à l’intensification de la visibilisation des problèmes sociaux, la course à la visibilité de soi ou au célébrisme, et la recherche des moyens de subsistance.
Recent advances in computerized imaging and its vital roles in liver disease diagnosis, preoperative planning, and interventional liver surgery: A review
Authors: Horkaew Paramate , Chansangrat Jirapa , Keeratibharat Nattawut , Le Doan Cong
Published: November 2023

The earliest and most accurate detection of the pathological manifestations of hepatic diseases ensures effective treatments and thus positive prognostic outcomes. In clinical settings, screening and determining the extent of a pathology are prominent factors in preparing remedial agents and administering appropriate therapeutic procedures. Moreover, in a patient undergoing liver resection, a realistic preoperative simulation of the subject-specific anatomy and physiology also plays a vital part in conducting initial assessments, making surgical decisions during the procedure, and anticipating postoperative results. Conventionally, various medical imaging modalities, e.g. , computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography, have been employed to assist in these tasks. In fact, several standardized procedures, such as lesion detection and liver segmentation, are also incorporated into prominent commercial software packages. Thus far, most integrated software as a medical device typically involves tedious interactions from the physician, such as manual delineation and empirical adjustments, as per a given patient. With the rapid progress in digital health approaches, especially medical image analysis, a wide range of computer algorithms have been proposed to facilitate those procedures. They include pattern recognition of a liver, its periphery, and lesion, as well as pre- and postoperative simulations. Prior to clinical adoption, however, software must conform to regulatory requirements set by the governing agency, for instance, valid clinical association and analytical and clinical validation. Therefore, this paper provides a detailed account and discussion of the state-of-the-art methods for liver image analyses, visualization, and simulation in the literature. Emphasis is placed upon their concepts, algorithmic classifications, merits, limitations, clinical considerations, and future research trends.
Trans-anal endoscopic microsurgery for non- adenomatous rectal lesions
Authors: Shilo Yaacobi Dafna , Bekhor Eliahu Y , Khalifa Muhammad , Sandler Tal E , Issa Nidal
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Trans-anal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) enables a good visualization of the surgical field and is considered the method of choice for excision of adenomas and early T1 rectal cancer. The rectum and retro-rectal space might be the origin of uncommon neoplasms, benign and aggressive, certain require radical trans-abdominal surgery, while others can be treated by a less aggressive approach. In this study we report outcomes in patients undergoing TEM for rare and non-adenomatous rectal and retro-rectal lesions over a period of 11 years.

AIM

To report outcomes in patients undergoing TEM for rare and non-adenomatous rectal and retro-rectal lesions over a period of 11 years.

METHODS

Between January 2008 to December 2019 a retrospective analysis was completed for all patients who underwent TEM for non-adenomatous rectal lesion or retro-rectal mass in our institution. Patients were discharged once diet was well tolerated and no complications were identified. They were evaluated at 3 wk post operatively, then at 3-mo intervals for the first 2 years and every 6 mo depending on the nature of the final pathology. Clinical examination and rectoscopy were performed during each of the follow-up visits.

RESULTS

Out of 198 patients who underwent TEM during the study period, 18 had non-adenomatous rectal or retro-rectal lesions. Mean age was 47 years. The mean size of the lesions was 2.9 mm, with a mean distance from the anal margin of 7.9 cm. Mean surgical time was 97.8 min. There were no intra-operative neither late post-operative complications. Mean length of stay was 2.5 d. Mean patient follow-up duration was 42 mo.

CONCLUSION

TEM allows for reduced morbidity given its minimally invasive nature. Surgeons should be familiar with the technique but careful patient selection should be considered. It can be used safely for uncommon rectal and selected retro-rectal lesions without compromising outcomes. We believe that it should be reasonably considered as one of the surgical methods when treating rare lesions.
Correlation between pre-treatment serum total blood bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Tong Hui , Xing Peng , Ji Zhao-Ning
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Epidemiological studies have found that unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) levels are positively correlated with the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, bilirubin may also play an important role in the prognosis of CRC.

AIM

To investigate the predictive value of total bilirubin (TBIL) and UCB in the prognosis of patients with CRC.

METHODS

A total of 142 CRC patients were selected as the research subjects in Jingxian Hospital, from October 2014 to May 2021. General and tumour-related clinical data at admission and the overall survival at 3 years after surgery were collected. The optimal cut-off values of TBIL and UCB were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to analyse the effect of bilirubin level on the survival of CRC patients. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to assess the survival time.

RESULTS

The 3-year overall survival rate of CRC patients was significantly higher in the high TBIL (> 13.45 μmol/L) group than in the low TBIL (≤ 13.45 μmol/L) group (76.4% vs 37.1%; P < 0.05). The 3-year overall survival rate of CRC patients in the high UCB (> 10.75 μmol/L) group was significantly higher than that in the low UCB (≤ 10.75 μmol/L) group (83.3% vs 34.2%; P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that higher TBIL levels were an independent predictor of better prognosis in CRC patients (hazard ratio = 0.360, 95% confidence interval: 0.159-0.812, P = 0.014).

CONCLUSION

TBIL levels can be used as a prognostic indicator for CRC patients.
Correlation between the expressions of metastasis-associated factor-1 in colon cancer and vacuolar ATP synthase
Authors: He Miao , Cao Zuo-Feng , Huang Li , Zhong Wen-Juan , Xu Xue-Ming , Zeng Xiao-Li , Wang Jing
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Clinical prognosis often worsens due to high recurrence rates following radical surgery for colon cancer. The examination of high-risk recurrence factors post-surgery provides critical insights for disease evaluation and treatment planning.

AIM

To explore the relationship between metastasis-associated factor-1 in colon cancer (MACC1) and vacuolar ATP synthase (V-ATPase) expression in colon cancer tissues, and recurrence rate in patients undergoing radical colon cancer surgery.

METHODS

We selected 104 patients treated with radical colon cancer surgery at our hospital from January 2018 to June 2021. Immunohistochemical staining was utilized to assess the expression levels of MACC1 and V-ATPase in these patients.

RESULTS

The rates of MACC1 and V-ATPase positivity were 64.42% and 67.31%, respectively, in colon cancer tissues, which were significantly higher than in paracancerous tissues (P < 0.05). Among patients with TNM stage III, medium to low differentiation, and lymph node metastasis, the positive rates of MACC1 and V-ATPase were significantly elevated in comparison to patients with TNM stage I-II, high differentiation, and no lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The rate of MACC1 positivity was 76.67% in patients with tumor diameters > 5 cm, notably higher than in patients with tumor diameters ≤ 5 cm (P < 0.05). We observed a positive correlation between MACC1 and V-ATPase expression (rs = 0.797, P < 0.05). The positive rates of MACC1 and V-ATPase were significantly higher in patients with recurrence compared to those without (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, MACC1 expression, and V-ATPase expression as risk factors for postoperative colon cancer recurrence (OR = 6.322, 3.435, 2.683, and 2.421; P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The upregulated expression of MACC1 and V-ATPase in colon cancer patients appears to correlate with clinicopathological features and post-radical surgery recurrence.