bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Komunikasi Interpersonal dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Jamaah Haji Pada Yayasan Kbihu Babussalam Palu
Authors: Dinda Gita Pradana  , Syamsuddin R  , Nur Hilal
Published: July 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh variabel-variabel komunikasi interpersonal dan kualitas layanan terhadap kepuasan jemaah haji baik secara simultan maupun secara parsial. Analisa data menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan komunikasi interpersonal dan kualitas layanan mampu meningkatkan kepuasan dengan baik. Analisis menghasilkan persamaan   Y = 9,087 + 0,338 X1 + 0,400 X2 yang berarti bila komunikasi interpersonal dan kualitas layanan tidak berubah maka kepuasan adalah 90,8%. Bila komunikasi interpersonal meningkat 100% maka kepuasan 33,8%. Sedangkan bila kualitas layanan meningkat 100% maka kepuasan meningkat 40%. Adapun koefisien korelasi serempak (Multiple R) = 0,467 berarti dan kualitas layanan memiliki hubungan positif yang sedang dengan kepuasan. Selanjutnya koefisien determinasi Adjusted R Square 0,420 berarti komunikasi interpersonal dan kualitas layanan mempengaruhi 42% kepuasan jamaah, dan sisanya (58%) dipengaruhi variabel-variabel yang tidak diteliti. Uji F menghasilkan Fhiung (7,625) > Ftabel (3,16) berarti komunikasi interpersonal dan kualitas layanan secara serempak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan.
Analisis Risiko Credit Union dalam Manajemen Perekrutan Anggota: Studi Kasus Credit Union Pancur Kasih Kota Pontianak
Authors: Srilinus Lino  , Denny Tewu
Published: July 2023

Credit Union Pancur Kasih Kota Pontianak merupakan sebuah lembaga keuangan yang didirikan dengan tujuan memberikan layanan perbankan kepada anggotanya. Credit Union ini beroperasi dengan prinsip keanggotaan terbuka, yang berarti siapa pun dapat menjadi anggota asalkan memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis risiko dalam manajemen perekrutan anggota pada Credit Union (CU) Pancur Kasih di Kota Pontianak. Studi kasus ini dilakukan untuk memahami sejauh mana CU Pancur Kasih memperhatikan indikator-indikator penerapan manajemen rekrutmen anggota dan dampak buruk yang ditimbulkan akibat minimnya penerapan indikator tersebut terhadap kondisi organisasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CU Pancur Kasih perlu memperhatikan dan meningkatkan penerapan indikator-indikator manajemen rekrutmen anggota, mengingat minimnya penerapan tersebut memberikan dampak buruk pada kondisi organisasi, terutama dalam peningkatan jumlah anggota. Selain itu, risiko tertinggi pada KTD dapat dikurangi dengan tindakan mitigasi penerapan indikator manajemen rekrutmen yang tepat.
Tempos de mudança nas escolas: nas tramas do velho e do novo
Authors: Almeida Elmir de , Zauith Gabriella
Published: July 2023

Entrevista com Elmir de Almeida (USP) realizada por Gabriella Zauith Leite Lopes. Revisão: Felipe Ziotti Narita.
Observações sobre o impacto da abordagem legal-alarmista do uso de substâncias e da toxicodependência: (des)caminhos da austeridade
Authors: Nunes Fábio Luiz
Published: July 2023

O artigo desenvolve um percurso histórico-reflexivo sobre a fabricação do problema da drogadição no mundo, sobretudo a partir do século XIX, para compreender a conjuntura jurídica e social do Brasil atual no enfrentamento da referida questão. Aponta-se que o discurso conservador do alarmismo sobre o uso de substâncias tem pautado, direta ou indiretamente, as políticas públicas a seu respeito; essa mesma ideologia apresenta-se como mantenedor de um tratamento sancionador da droga e de seu usuário, orientado pela raça e pelo binômio proibição-punição, que busca empreender um apagamento das dimensões cultural e clínica da adicção. Considera-se que políticas sob esse sentido não têm sido plenamente efetivas na mitigação dos efeitos nocivos da drogadição nem da violência que lhe é associada; de outro lado, intervenções baseadas na perspectiva da redução de danos mostram-se recursos contra-hegemônicos para se manejar esse complexo fenômeno com cuidado e respeito aos direitos humanos.
A independência em perspectiva
Authors: Salgado Tiago Santos
Published: July 2023

Resenha do livro: OLIVEIRA, Cecilia Helena Salles de. Ideias em confronto: Embates pelo poder e independência do Brasil (1808-1825). São Paulo: Todavia, 2022.
Evaluation of Practices to Unwrap Round Cotton Modules
Authors: Delhom Christopher D. , van der Sluijs Marinus H.J. , Wanjura John D. , Thomas Joseph W.
Published: July 2023

Adoption of John Deere harvesters with on-board module building capacity that produce round modules covered with a patented engineered polyethylene film has been rapid and has forced gins to adapt their module feeding systems with techniques and machinery to feed round modules into the gin. The system used by a gin is dependent on the number of round modules handled by the gin, cost of implementing the system, and preferences of gin management. Irrespective of the system used, all require well-trained staff to prevent plastic wrap from entering the gin and contaminating lint bales. Modules are fed in different orientations, and the plastic is removed with either manual or semi-automated systems. This work evaluates the well-known unwrapping systems used to handle modules in the U.S. and Australia, which include manual and semi-automated methods. No single system can be recommended, as the needs, layout, and priorities of each gin vary. However, the details of the systems are presented in terms of manpower, time and motion, safety, and potential to prevent module wrap from entering the gin. The data presented here were gathered from numerous on-site visits to gins across the U.S. and Australia.
Utility of Hooded Broadcast Sprayer in Reducing Herbicide Particle Drift in Cotton
Authors: Virk Simerjeet S. , Sapkota Madan , Byers Coleman , Morgan Gaylon , Barnes Ed
Published: July 2023

Use of hooded sprayers to mitigate spray particle drift during pesticide applications in cotton has not been investigated. Therefore, experiments were conducted in cotton fields in 2021 and 2022 to compare particle drift of dicamba applied with open and hooded broadcast sprayers at six different spray qualities: Fine (F), Medium (M), Coarse (C), Very Coarse (VC), Extremely Coarse (EC), and Ultra Coarse (UC). A fluorescent tracer dye was mixed and applied with the dicamba solution to measure drift deposition at different downwind distances up to 105 m from the target area. Results showed particle drift for F and M spray qualities applied with a hooded sprayer were reduced up to 94% and 77%, respectively, out to 10 m downwind from the application area compared to the open boom sprayer. Hooded sprayer decreased particle drift for C and VC spray qualities as well but only for short distances downwind (≤ 5 m). Sprayer type did not affect the particle drift for EC and UC spray qualities and it was also significantly lower than other spray qualities across both sprayer types. From 20 to 60 m downwind, dicamba applications with hooded sprayer exhibited as much as 42% less drift than open boom sprayer applications regardless of the spray quality. These data suggested that hooded sprayers are effective in reducing particle drift in cotton and thus can be utilized as a viable spray drift management technique for herbicide applications in cotton.
Zonal Application of Plant Growth Regulator in Cotton to Reduce Variability and Increase Yield in a Highly Variable Field
Authors: Vaz Carlos M.P. , Franchini Julio C. , Speranza Eduardo A. , Inamasu Ricardo Y. , de C. Jorge Lucio A. , Rabello Ladislau M. , de O.N. Lopes Ivani , das Chagas Sergio , de Souza Jefferson L.R. , de Souza Marcio , Pires Amandio , Schepers James
Published: July 2023

Variable-rate application has great potential to reduce variability and increase yield by spatially optimizing agricultural inputs. In cotton, plant growth regulators (PGRs) control excessive growth and provide suitable plant height for harvest operations. This study evaluates the effect of variable-rate PGR application compared to constant-rate application to reduce yield spatial variability and increase yield. The variable-rate approach was carried out in 2020 based on zonal applications defined by clustering analysis using soil electrical conductivity, vegetation indexes, and yield maps. Application doses and timings were determined by integrating plant height measurements for the whole field in 2019 and by zone in 2020. To compare the two procedures, cultivar and plant populations were kept constant; fertilization and accumulated rain were similar in both seasons. A reduction in yield spatial variability due to the zonal application was observed, with yield coefficient of variation (CV) decreasing from 18% in 2019 to 12% in 2020. Spatial and temporal analysis of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index satellite images showed higher CV values in 2019 (constant-rate) reaching 30% at the end of the season, whereas in 2020 (variable-rate) CV was constant (approximately 10%). Cotton yield increased from 3.5 to 4.3 t ha-1 between 2019 and 2020, which can be partially attributed to the variable-rate approach. The variable-rate approach based on application zones and plant height measurements was a viable strategy for reducing yield spatial variability and likely increasing yield in a highly variable cotton field.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF EDIBLE WILD FRUIT BEARING WOODY SPECIES UNDER DIFFERENT LAND USE TYPES & MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN DANGUR DISTRICT, NORTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: BELETE GORAW , ASFAW ZEBENE , TAMIRAT TESHOME
Published: July 2023

The traditional and indigenous knowledge on sustainable management and utilization of wild edible fruit bearing woody species is not well documented in Ethiopia. There are many plants species which are most popular and widely used for various socio-economic purposes including as supplementary food items and medicinal plants by local community. Wild edible fruit bearing woody species are highly inhabited on agricultural landscape and natural forests in which their diversity is threatened due to deforestation and forest degradation. Moreover, the traditional knowledge of using these wild edible fruit bearing woody species is being eroded through acculturation and loss of plant biodiversity in most of indigenous people. Hence, conducting research is crucial to generate useful information for ensuring food security and to maximize the socio-economic benefits through biodiversity conservation. This study was conducted to analyze socio-economic benefits of wild edible fruit bearing woody species and management under different use type in Dangur. A systematic sampling method was employed to locate the sample plots following the transect line in order to study the species diversity and socio-economic benefits, where the first transect line and plot were selected randomly inside the land use types. For wood land use type a plot size of 20 m × 20 m were used to encompass all edible wild fruit tree species inside the plots. For parkland agroforestry a plot size of 50 m × 100 m making a total of 144 plots were used for data collection. For socioeconomic study, 90 households were interviewed through structured questionnaire from three sample villages. Most prevalent species used as traditional medicine comprised plant families of Balanitaceae, Rhamnaceae and Apocynaceae under both woodland and parkland agroforestry types. The most frequently recorded species include Syzygium guineense, Ziziphus mauritiana. Ficus sur, Ficus sycomorus, Carissa spinarum, Balanites aegyptiaca and Gardenia ternifolia. From the recorded edible wild fruit woody species, fruits of 90% were trees that were most frequently used for different plant parts for various economical uses. Farmers retained edible wild fruit bearing woody species in their parkland agroforestry for the purpose of fuel wood, food, improving soil fertility, fodder, timber, shade and construction. The local communities employ management practices such as thinning, pruning and protection. The relative presence of high number of edible wild fruit bearing tree species in the study area is a good indicator of biodiversity conservation for food and nutrition and medicinal plants which needs good effort of in-situ conservation and applying of appropriate management practices.
GWO BASED OPTIMISTIC FEATURE SELECTION FOR PREDICTION OF ADVANCED LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: SINGARAVELAN S. , SATHYA A. MARY , HARINI V. , MURUGAN D.
Published: July 2023

The present populace of India is 1,362,255,678 as of January, 2019, in view of the most recent United Nations estimates [1]. Worldwide examinations calculate that there are 8.7 million individuals living with chronic Hepatitis in India. Chronic Hepatitis disease represents 12-32 per cent of liver malignant growth and 10-20 per cent of cirrhosis cases in India. The vast majority with constant Hepatitis B or C are ignorant of diseases and are at genuine danger of creating cirrhosis or liver malignant growth.Machine learning fits a few procedures superior to other traditional methods like Biopsy. This paper evaluate various machine learning methods to predict advanced liver fibrosis by using patient’s blood report to build up the optimization and classification models. The METAVIR score is a device used to assess the seriousness of fibrosis seen on a liver biopsy test from a human who has chronic hepatitis. Based on the METAVIR score [2,3,4] chronic hepatitis divided into three parts, first one is classified as mild stage, second one is moderate stage and third one is advanced stage of fibrosis. Grey Wolf Optimization, Random Forest Classifier and Decision tree procedure models forpropelled fibrosis chance expectation were produced. ROC curve and confusion matrix was evaluated to compare the accuracy of proposed methods.
MOLECULAR DOCKING: CONCEPT AND RECENT ADVANCES
Authors: RAY BISWARANJAN , MISHRA AMIYAKANTA , PALATASINGH HIMANSU RANJAN , TAYAB SHAYEQUE , TRIPATHY RAGHUNATHPRASAD
Published: July 2023

Molecular docking is a computational method used to established the interaction of two molecules generating a binding model. In many drug discovery applications, docking is done between a small molecule and a macromolecule for example, protein-ligand docking. The simulation of the docking process as such is a much more complicated process in this approach, the protein and the ligand are separated by some physical distance, and the ligand finds its position into the protein’s active site after a certain number of “moves” in its conformational space. The present Review focuses Concept, Strategy, Types and other Aspects with Recent Advances of Molecular Docking.
ASSESSMENT OF SOME SPICES AS MAIZE SEEDS PROTECTANTS AGAINST MAIZE WEEVIL, Sitophilus zeamais (MOTSCULSKY) [COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE]
Authors: ILEKE KAYODE DAVID , AFOLABI KAYODE ISAAC
Published: July 2023

Maize is cultivated in large quantity during the raining season in Nigeria. Maize is classified into fourth position of the most edible seeds after sorghum, millet and rice. Despite its importance as staple food, they are preservation at the time of abundance during the raining season is being hindered by maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais which is the major insect pest of stored maize seeds. The toxicity of Aframomum melegueta, Monodora myristica and Syzygium aromaticum seeds powders and extracts were assessed in the Laboratory at ambient temperature of 28±2oC and 75 ± 5% relative humidity for the management of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. The seeds dusts were tested at doses 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g / 20 g of maize seeds. Oil extracts were tried at concentrations 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ml. Parameters assessed includes mortality rate, progeny development, % weight loss, seeds damage and weevil perforation index (WPI) caused by maize weevils. The results of M. myristica powder caused 76.7% adult mortality at rate 2.0 g/ 20g after 24 hours of treatment. Syzygium aromaticum powder evoked 60% mortality of maize weevil. Aframomum melegueta powder evoked 53.3% adult mortality at rate 2.0 g / 20 g after 24 hours of treatment. Monodora myristica oil extract at concentration 2.0 ml/ 20g of maize seeds evoked 100% adult mortality after 24 hours of treatment. Syzygium aromaticum caused 86% adult mortality at concentration 2.0 ml/ 20g of maize seeds. Aframomum melegueta evoked 80% mortality at same concentration. Aframomum melegueta, Monodora myristica and Syzygium aromaticum seeds oil extracts prevented egg laying, progeny development, weight loss and seeds damaged. The integration of A. melegueta, M. myristica and S. aromaticum into the management of maize weevils will ensure availability of viable seeds for future farming and ensure food security in developing countries such as Nigeria.
EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON MYCELIA GROWTH AND SPORE GERMINATION OF Aspergillus niger OBTAINED FROM DECAYED CUCUMBER FRUITS (Cucumis sativus)
Authors: OLAKUNLE OLADELE, OLUWOLE , MARTINS AJAYI, AYODELE , OLABODE ISAIAH FAMOBIO,
Published: July 2023

This work investigated effect of heat treatment on mycelia growth and spore germination of Aspergillus niger obtained from decayed cucumber fruits.  Both mycelia disc and sample aliquots of the spore suspensions of Aspergillus niger were separately treated with hot air (HA) and hot water (HW) at the following heat regimes: 40°C and 50°C  for 10, 20 and 30 minutes each while non-heated mycelia and spores served as control. Results showed that the mycelia growths of A. niger following each HA treatment increased in this order: 50°C – 10 minutes > 50°C – 20 minutes > 50°C – 30 minutes > 40°C – 10 minutes > 40°C – 20 minutes / 40°C – 30 minutes and 40°C – 20 minutes > 40°C -10 minutes > 50°C – 20 minutes > 50°C – 10 minutes > 50°C – 30 minutes > 40°C – 30 minutes following each HW treatment. Similarly, germinating spores of A. niger following each HA treatment increased in this order: 40°C - 10 minutes > 50°C for 20 minutes > 40°C – 30 minutes > 40°C - 20 minutes > 50°C - 30 minutes > 50°C - 10 minutes and 40°C - 30 minutes > 50°C - 20 minutes > 40°C – 10 minutes > 40°C - 20 minutes > 50°C - 30 minutes > 50°C - 10 minutes after each HW treatment. Thus, this probably implied that HA treatment at 40°C – 10 minutes, 50°C – 10 and 20 minutes and HW treatment at 40°C – 20 minutes, 40°C – 30 minutes could be effective in delaying the development of Aspergillus niger in cucumber fruits.
DETERMINANTS OF LOCAL COMMUNITY’S WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR FOREST CONSERVATION IN EVERGREEN AFROMONTANE ECOSYSTEM OF SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA
Authors: LEMESSA DEBISSA , CHALA DEBELI
Published: July 2023

Human beings largely depend on ecosystem services obtained from nature. Here, we examined the local communities’ willingness to pay for improving forest conservation and the determinants in southwest Ethiopia. For this, firstly, the peasant associations were randomly sampled; one from the edge of the forests and three others each at 5km differences, secondly, from each peasant association, 30 sample households were randomly selected for questionnaire survey. The first sample household was selected by throwing the stick to the sky and following the direction of the stick head. We tested the effects of the socioeconomic variables on the households’ willingness to pay for forest conservation employing a logistic regression model analysis with probit function using aod package and the effect of locations of households from forest edges on the amount of bids of willingness per month was analyzed using one-way ANOVA within R statistical program. The results revealed that 104 (86.7%) of the households accepted the arbitrarily offered initial bid. The mean monthly willingness to pay is 1.1 (range: 0.36–4.46) USD. The educational level, income status, whether trained or not on the importance of forest conservation, land possession status and locations of the households from forest edges were the determinants of the local community’s willingness to pay for conservation (P<0.01). The bids offered by households for forest conservation increased with increasing the monthly income was higher at the intermediate location from forest edges. Besides the factors such as education, income and land possession, training the farmers can enhance the communities' commitment to forest biodiversity conservation. Our overall results suggest that awareness creation training and enhancing the livelihood options of the local communities may play substantial roles in increasing the willingness to pay of the households for improving the conservation of the sheka forest in southwest Ethiopia.
EFFECTS OF WATERSHED LAND OCCUPATION AND LAND USE ON THE TROPHIC STATE OF TWO SHALLOW LAKES
Authors: ALVES RAFAEL MACHADO DE ARAÚJO , SANTOS JOÃO PAULO DE OLIVEIRA , MACHADO CÉLIA CRISTINA CLEMENTE , BARBOSA LUCIANA GOMES
Published: July 2023

The increase in external phosphorus inputs has as main consequence the cultural eutrophication, currently regarded as one of the primary threats to water bodies. Anthropogenic activities involving the watershed use and occupation of land can accelerate this process. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of land use and land cover on the trophic status of two shallow lakes (lakes Paó and Santa Lúcia, Paraíba state, Brazil). Samples of water and sediments were collected for 6 months at three sampling stations in the lakes. The land-use and land-cover mapping was performed through visual interpretation of satellite images with high spatial resolution. Lake Paó remained eutrophic, with a low euphotic zone (ZEU≤1), while Lake Santa Lucia, oligotrophic and with clear waters (ZEU≥1), throughout the study period. The advanced eutrophication of Lake Paó was related to high sewage inputs from nonpoint sources, since the urban/ built-up area corresponded to 37.63% of its riparian zone (the lakeshore), whereas in Lake Santa Lucia to only 2.43%. Our results evidenced the importance of maintaining phosphorus at low concentrations and a minimum of riparian vegetation for reducing the vulnerability to eutrophication and thus preserving water quality.
SEASONAL ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS ALONG THE ESTUARIAN REGION OF DHAMRA, EAST COAST OF INDIA: A SPECIAL APPROACH THROUGH DISTRIBUTION MAPS AND CORRELATION MATRIX
Authors: PANDA B. S. , NAYAK S. , PATI S. S. , MAHALA S. S. , MISHRA S.
Published: July 2023

Dhamra estuary region is located at latitude 20046’09.74’’N and longitude 86059’26.90’’E. Heavy metals and metalloids, while happening at higher fixations, become serious toxic substances for every single living life form including human. For example, an extreme amount of Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) components could be harmful to the living cells, and a drawn-out presentation to the body can cause illness of death. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of the heavy metals viz., Mercury (Hg), Vanadium (V), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Molybdenum (Mo), and Cadmium (Cd) and also their distribution in the water collected from the eastern part of Bay of Bengal from four different estuary locations of Dhamra coast, Odisha. Overall, we found that heavy metal dominance in Dhamra estuary region was in order of Zn>Cu>Fe> V>Cr> Ni> Co> As>Mo> Mn>Pb> Hg> Cd. As most of the heavy metals were found in the surface water of Dhamra estuary,It may be due to  basically by two factors; the first one is the riverine influence through both Baitarani and Brahmani river. The second one is Dhamra port activities and fishing harbour.
ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF ECOHYDROLOGICAL INTERVENTION ON THE WETLANDS ALONG THE SOUTHEASTERN SHORE OF LAKE TANA, ETHIOPIA
Authors: ASNAKEW ESHETE , SEYOUM ABERA
Published: July 2023

Lake Tana watershed wetlands have critical functions of nutrient and sediment retention, biodiversity and hydrological functions. Although ecohydrological solutions have been proposed, a comprehensive study on the impacts of ecohydrology intervention in relation to biological aspects is limited. Information regarding the ecological impacts of ecohydrology based intervention approach in the wetland ecosystem plays an indispensable role in increasing biodiversity and improves water quality. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of ecohydrological intervention in relation to macrophytes, phytoplankton and zooplankton of the wetlands in Lake Tana shore. Quantitative characteristics of macrophytes and plankton sampling were conducted using transect and quadrat method along vegetation and water depth gradients. The biological data were measured on each fixed sampling point. Macrophytes, phytoplankton and zooplankton were significantly different (p<0.05) across the sampling sites. Low disturbed wetland supports higher abundance and diversity of macrophytes, phytoplankton and zooplankton than moderately and highly disturbed wetlands. Overall results of the study confirmed that biological abundance and diversity were associated with the level of disturbance of wetlands. Therefore, emphasis should be given to the factors which may lead to the degradation of wetland resources within and its catchment. Immediate ecohydrology based intervention approaches should be implemented to conserve and minimize further degradation of wetlands along the shore of Lake Tana.
STUDIES ON SURVEY OF AFRICAN MISTLETOE IN BIRNIN KEBBI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KEBBI STATE
Authors: MUHAMMAD M. T. , SINGH D. , KETA J. N. , OBAROH I. O. , MALIK A. I. , KETA M. N.
Published: July 2023

The study on Survey of African mistletoe was conducted in Birnin kebbi from three (3) different localities namely A, B and C. One thousand four hundred and eighty two (1482) host trees were randomly identified and examined accordingly using standard methods. The results revealed that Acacia nilotica had the highest percentage with 41 (20.8%) while the lowest percentage of occurrence was identified in Ziziphus mauritiana 10 (5.1%) from location A, Azadirachta indica had the highest occurrence with 34 (30.6%) and its lowest occurrence on Gmelina arborea with 3 (2.7%) from location B, while in location C, Acacia nilotica had the highest occurrence with 39 (21.9%) and its lowest occurrence on Parkia biglobosa with 11 (6.2%). Overall, 9 species of trees had the parasite on them with different levels of infestation among the species. Characteristics features of host such as host size, canopy spread and height that influence mistletoes and their host relationship have no influence on mistletoes-host interaction and other factors such as compatibility, interaction with birds and seedling establishment may be more important in determining mistletoes host interaction. Researchers should lay emphasis on other factors such as disseminators (birds) relationship with host tree, tree bark roughness and mistletoes seed establishment on the host.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF L-GLUTAMINASE ENZYME FROM SYMBIONT ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA OF MARINE PLANT Sargassum sp. AS ANTIMICROBIAL ADJUVANTS
Authors: KARIM H.
Published: July 2023

Endophytic bacterial symbiont of marine plant seaweed is a potential source of various bioactive compounds as a raw material for drugs. This research aimed to study the antimicrobial potential of L-glutaminase enzyme isolated from seaweed bacterial symbiont collected from Cikoang Island, South Sulawesi Indonesia. The production of L-glutaminase of bacterial symbiont marine plant Sargassum sp was optimum in nutrient broth using a shaker at 37 °C for 3 d. L-glutaminase was obtained from extraction and fractionation with ammonium sulphate at increased saturation levels of 0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60% and 60-80%, continued by dialysis and column chromatography. Antimicrobial activity assessment was conducted by an agar diffusion method using paper discs. Enzyme fractions were produced by purification using DEAE-Cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography with a purity of 12.23 and 16.95 times, respectively. The enzyme characterization showed that the optimum condition was at pH 8.0 and 37oC, where at this condition, enzyme activity showed a slight increase after the addition of K+ and Na+ ions and however, significant decrease in enzyme activity after the addition of Cu2+ and Fe2+ ions. The results of the antimicrobial activity evaluation revealed that the L-glutaminase of sephadex G-100 fraction had the highest activity against Escherchia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with the inhibition zone of 12.1 ± 0.29 and 17.4 ± 0.21mm, respectively. These results demonstrated that the environmentally friendly bacterial symbiont of the marine plant Sargassum binderi could be a new alternative as a source to produce the antimicrobial L-glutaminase enzyme. This work probably provides an essential finding for further research on the antimicrobial action of protein fraction from bacterial symbiont of marine plant Sargassum sp. or the other species.
IN VITRO SCREENING AND CONFIRMATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) GENOTYPES FOR FUSARIUM WILT RESISTANCE (RACE 1A) THROUGH SAND CORN MEDIUM
Authors: LAL DALPAT , SUBRAMANYA SUNIL , RAVIKUMAR R. L.
Published: July 2023

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major pulse crops in the Indian subcontinent and the Mediterranean regions. Chickpea wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Ciceris is the most important biotic factor that reduces productivity in India. In an earlier study - an allele specific associated primers CS27700 and SSR markers H3A12, TA 72, TA 144, TAA 55, SSR 14, H4G11, NCPGR 45, NCPGR 48, GSSR 18, GSSR 69, CaM 1402 and UASBC 4 were reported as linked to Fusarium wilt resistance (race 1A). However, validation of these markers is necessary for effective use in resistance breeding. Further, validation of these markers for wilt resistance was carried out by studying 11 diverse chickpea genotypes for wilt reaction and markers. The in vitro screening of all the genotypes for wilt reaction was carried out by sand corn medium. Out of 13 markers studied, two markers CS27700 and CaM 1402 were validated in 11 diverse chickpea genotypes and found to be consistence with the phenotypic reaction. These markers could be utilized in the future for marker assisted breeding for wilt resistance in chickpea.
THE STABILITY STUDY OF GINGER EXHAUSTIVE EXTRACTION USING HPLC
Authors: JAFARI ABDEL HADI AL , ALKHAWALDEH AHMAD KHALAF
Published: July 2023

Ginger contains biologically active components that may contribute significantly to the therapeutic applications of ginger and some ginger-derived products.  6-Gingerol has long been used as a ginger marker. HPLC was used to perform quantitative measurements of 6-Gingerol and its principal degradation product. In addition, the pH factor to be one of the most important factors in the stability condition of ginger liquid extractions. The rate of degradation was shown to be pH dependent, with the maximum stability at pH 4. At 100°C and pH 1, the reversible breakdown of 6-gingerol was quite quick, reaching equilibrium in less than 2 hours. The coefficient of correlation were larger than 0.994. The HPLC approach described in this article has been validated by researchers and can be used to verify the stability of 6-gingerol. It is also suitable for ginger reformulation research. The stability of ginger solution at various pH (4-7) was investigated. The content of 6-gingerol in various formulations was assessed. Ginger stability: According to the regulations, the extract must be stable after 180 days at 40 degrees Celsius, with not more than 10% of the active component or active markers degraded. Therefore, the experimental work has been put on hold while the researchers wait for the samples to go through the process of repose at 40 degrees Celsius for a period of time, after which they will be analyzed; if the results are promising, the researchers will continue to confirm the final time of 180 days; if not, the researchers will try another theory.
GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF GARLIC (Allium sativum L.) GENOTYPES USING RAPD MARKERS
Authors: SHEULY KAMRUN NAHAR , HOQUE MD. EKRAMUL , SYFULLAH KHALID , BASHAR MD. ABUL , RAHMAN MD. HABIBUR , SIDDIQUE ABU BAKAR
Published: July 2023

Genetic diversity analysis is the prerequisite to construct breeding program in any crops. This study aimed to analyse the genetic diversity of existing garlic (Allium sativum L.) genotypes grown in different regions in Bangladesh using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Nine garlic genotypes were used in this study to find out the existing polymorphism using seven different RAPD primers. Total 53 distinct and differential amplified DNA bands were generated from PCR amplification where 40 bands (75.88%) showed polymorphic, and 13 bands (24.12%) showed monomorphic. OPBX-02 and OPB-06 marker showed the highest and lowest number of bands respectively whereas OPBX-02 showed highest polymorphic band. The Nei´s genetic identity among nine garlic genotypes ranged 0.8053-0.9966 and genetic distance ranged 0.0053-0.2166. The UPGMA Dendrogram segregated the nine garlic genotypes into two main clusters having one and eight genotypes in first and second cluster respectively. Highest (0.2166) and lowest (0.0053) genetic distance were found in BARI-G1 vs GC0027 and GC0012 vs GC0017 varietal pair respectively. RAPD markers used in this study were found useful tool for the molecular characterization and polymorphic study among the nine cultivated garlic genotypes in Bangladesh which can be used as a useful information for developing new variety.
A MORPHO-BIOCHEMICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SIXTEEN PROMISING SWEET ORANGE (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) CULTIVARS
Authors: SIDDIQUE IMRAN MUHAMMAD , SHARIF NASEEM , NASEER MUDASSAR , KHAN MUHAMMAD NAWAZ , NOREEN AMARA , DIN SAFEER UD , AKHTAR NASEEM , NAWAZ MUHAMMAD ZAIGHUM , ASIF MUHAMMAD , FAIZ HIRA , NASIR MARIAM , ASLAM KOMAL , MEHREEN NIDA
Published: July 2023

Sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.] Osbeck is the most important and widely cultivated group of citrus. For having rich nutritive profile, these fruits are treated internationally for table and processed products. Present study was undertaken for accurate evaluation of the germplasm and to exploit the distinctive characters towards varietal improvements, certification and ultimately towards variety registration. Studies on 55 traits of 16 sweet orange cultivars produced significant values.  The measured quantitative traits like trunk diameter varied from 47-78 cm, leaf lamina length dispersed from 5.2-13.2cm, leaf lamina width deviated from 2.5-9.5cm, fruit weight diverged from 131.7-278.3g, fruit diameter differed from 57.56-81.21mm, number of segments varied from 10-14, segments length differed between 45.92-65.56mm, juice weight extended from 51-78 g, rind thickness spanned between 2.09-6.80mm and total soluble solids differed from 9.34-12.67 °Brix. Significant variation was also governed between morphological qualitative traits like trunk surface, tree shape, tree growth habit, branch angle, shoot tip surface and color leaf blade. Highest positive correlation was observed for leaf lamina length and leaf lamina width (0.961). The work on morpho-biochemical profiling will be helpful in precise evaluation of diversity, inter relationship studies between germplasm, dependable interpretation of morphological attributes of citrus germplasm, accurate detection of varieties and to exploit distinctive attributes through breeding. The study will be helpful for bringing diversification in citrus sector to broaden the base of sweet orange varietal cultivation.
ADVANTAGES OF NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES FOR HERBAL DRUGS; AND MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE OF Crotalaria burhia PLANT: A REVIEW
Authors: NOOR RAESSA , SHAHEEN GHAZALA , NAZAR HALIMA , SHAMIM TAHIRA , SUMREEN LAILA , NAWAZ HINA , HABIBA UMME , SAJID FARHAN , GHAFFAR SAIRA , RASOOL SHAFQAT , ZAFAR FARAH , RAHMAN SHAFIQ UR
Published: July 2023

Herbal or natural medicines have been used since ancient time due to easy availability and less side effects. Still 80% population of developing countries uses herbal medicines to treat common diseases. The Crotalaria burhia plant is shrub having several chemical constituents like flavonoids, hormones, alkaloids phenolic compounds and terpenes etc. It traditionally used for fever, inflammation, chronic kidney pain, cancer, general bacterial infections, fungal infections, gout, cough, arthritis, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and typhoid etc. It has also been used in cattle for the removal of placenta after delivery. Due to traditional dosage formulation a few amount of drug reach to its target tissue. In recent past, Phyto-pharmaceutical work leads to new medicine delivery methods for example nanoparticles, microparticles, nano-suspension and liposome’s etc. For herbal medicine, this unique medication delivery mechanism enhances stability, solubility, absorption, bioavailability and therapeutic effect. The carrier in nano dosage forms increases the drug concentration at targeted tissue due to which systemic side effects can be reduced. Silver nanoparticles have been emerged as a potent component of novel drug delivery system because silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have its own antimicrobial and anticancer activities but they are non-toxic to human body. Ag NPs synthesized by natural plant extracts have shown enhanced anticancer and antimicrobial activities. The silver nanoparticles exert its antimicrobial and anticancer activity by disrupting cell wall permeability and cellular respiration. Recently use of Ag NPs has been increased to overcome the antibiotics resistance. Silver nanoparticles have ability to sterilize the hospital items. This new method of drug delivery is a protective way for administration of herbal drugs to target tissues.
RAPID SCREENING OF WHEAT GERMPLASM FOR DROUGHT PRONE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: AMIN MUHAMMAD AMIR , NAEEM MUHAMMAD KASHIF , BATOOL ASIA , SHAHBAZ MUHAMMAD UMAR , IQBAL MUHAMMAD AZHAR , FAROOQ JEHANZEB
Published: July 2023

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been cultivated over wider ranges of climatic changes. Changing rainfall pattern has been drastically affecting its yield and production, especially in the areas where there are least rainfalls; irrigation water is not available and are highly dependent upon conserved soil moisture. Development of drought tolerant genotypes for such drought prone areas essential for the farmers, there is a dire need to exploit the rapid and efficient methods of screening large germplasm in wheat. In the present study one hundred and eight genotypes were screened by “PEG Assay Germination Test”. PEG assay proved an effective method for screening the large germplasm as fifteen accessions were finally identified are finally selected from 108 accessions. The promising fifteen genotypes with five checks were evaluated in greenhouse pot experiment on the basis of yield related traits and proline content. Among the fifteen accessions, “12160” accession revealed the better performance in all traits especially for grain weight and proline content.
FOLIAR SUPPLEMENTATION OF PROLINE AND GLYCINE BETAINE IMPROVES DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN MEDICINAL PLANTS (Lavandula dentata and Plantago ovata)
Authors: HAKEEM ABDUL , SHAUKAT KANVAL , NIZAR MEREEN , SAMAD ABDUL , ISMAIL TARIQ
Published: July 2023

One of the most common environmental constraints with adverse impacts is the drought stress which is rapidly increasing due to the intensive usage of water resources. It has been reported to affect and limit plant growth and development. A pot experiment was conducted at Botanical garden University of Balochistan, Quetta to explore the impact of foliar application of Osmoprotectant i.e., Proline (PRO; 2 mM), Glycine Betaine (GB; 1 µM) in mitigating the drought stress in Plantago ovata and Lavandula dentata.  Fifteen days seedlings were subjected to three levels of drought stress i.e., Quarter Field Capacity (QFC), Half Field Capacity (HFC) and Full Field Capacity (FFC) and after 10 days of drought plants were foliarly supplemented with Pro and GB. Plants were harvested after 1 week of foliar treatment and analyzed for the accumulation of essential nutrients i.e., (Nitrate, Calcium, Potassium, Zinc and Magnesium) under drought stress. Foliar supplementation of GB and Pro, improved nutrient status under drought stress thereby improving plants tolerance to drought stress. Therefore, foliar supplementation of GB and Pro can be recommended to plants especially medicinal plants to withstand and mitigate the impacts of drought stress effectively.
IMPACT OF SALICYLIC ACID TREATMENTS ON YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF CANOLA AND GROWTH OF Schizaphis Graminum
Authors: NASEER SAIMA , MUSTAFA AZHER , RAMZAN MUHAMMAD , AHMAD SALMAN , SAEED SABA , YOUSAF MUHAMMAD JAWWAD , SHAKOOR ABDUL , YASIN MUHAMMAD , ALI YASIR
Published: July 2023

The present investigation was studied the effect of various trends of salicylic acid on canola yield traits besides, aphid interaction. For this purpose, the research trial was conducted under the semi-natural conditions of the net house of the Plant Pathology Research Institute, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute Faisalabad during November 6, 2019. The canola seeds were planted in the pots following (RCBD) with six treatments (0 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm and 160 ppm) and three replications. The maximum plant height (212.41cm), number of pods per plant (675.67), number of seeds per pod (25.29), thousand seed weight (3.85g), biological yield (24817.2 kg-1), seed yield (3666.33 kg-1), seed oil content (47.16%) and protein contents (24.1%) were observed with the application of the high concentration of salicylic acid (160 ppm/pot) over control. A significant increase in harvest index increased (18.8) was recorded with the application of 20 ppm concentration of salicylic acid. The exogenous application of salicylic acid treatments significantly increased the mortality percentage of 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar nymph. The maximum mortality percentage of 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar nymph were recorded 43.67, 76.6 and 83% with the application of high level of salicylic acid concentration (160 ppm/pot) as compared to the control, respectively. The honey drops of aphid and nymph survival percentage were reduced with the foliar application of salicylic acid over control. The minimum honey drops (17.9%), nymph survival (61.8%) and reproductive periods (18%) were recorded with the use of salicylic acid. It was concluded that foliar application of salicylic acid had a significant impact on yield attributes of canola genotypes and biology of canola aphid.
ELUCIDATING THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR IN IMPROVING NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF Plantago ovata UNDER SALINITY STRESS
Authors: SAMAD ABDUL , SHAUKAT KANVAL , ANSARI MAHMOOD-UR- RAHMAN , NIZAR MEREEN , HAKEEM ABDUL , ALI WAJID , RAHIM MIR CHAKAR , BILAL MUHAMMAD , ISMAIL TARIQ
Published: July 2023

Plant growth and development processes are affected under environmental/abiotic stresses. Salinity limits rooting system regarding uptake of essential nutrient that is required for plant growth and development. A field experiment was conducted at the Botanical Garden University of Balochistan Quetta to explore the role of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) i.e., Proline (PRO; 1 µM), Moringa leaf extract (MLE; 10%), Thiourea (TU; 10 mM) and Salicylic acid (SA; 250 µM) on nutritional status of Plantago ovata under (120 mM) salinity stress (SS). After 10 days of germination seedlings were subjected to salinity stress (in comparison to control field plants) and after 1 week of salinity stress plants were foliarly supplemented with optimized levels of PGRs. Moreover, later one week of foliar spray plants was harvested and analyzed for nutrient status. Data revealed statistically significant results except for shoot calcium (P< 0.05). Salinity hampered the essential nutrients (Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium and Nitrate); however, the contents of Na+ enhanced in both Root and Shoot under salinity stress. However, foliar application of PGRs improved the essential nutrients of Plantago ovata (Mg+2, Ca+2, K+ and NO3-) except in the case of Na+ that is decreased under foliar supplementation thus defining the positive role of PGRs in ameliorating the toxic impacts of salinity. It is concluded that exogenous application of PGRs recommended for improved nutritional status of plants under stress condition with MLE and TU to be the most effective treatment under salinity stress.
INDIGENOUS RHIZOBACTERIA FOR CONTROLLING THE DISEASE CAUSED BY Phomopsis longicolla ON SOYBEAN (Glycine max)
Authors: HUYNH NGHIA HUU , PHAM TRUYEN THANH , NGUYEN NHON LY , NGUYEN NHUT NHU
Published: July 2023

Rhizobacteria have been proved to have potential for biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens and have been successfully applied in the field to a variety of crops. However, diseases caused by Phomopsis longicolla on soybean have been mainly controlled by agricultural or chemical techniques. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro control of rhizobacteria on P. longicolla through their ability to inhibit the growth of P. longicolla on agar plates and disease caused by P. longicolla on soybean seeds. The results showed that the GTC 5.3.84 rhizobacterial isolate was able to inhibit 31% of the growth of P. longicolla GTC 2.5.1 on the agar plate. The GTC 5.3.84 isolate had no effect on germination rate and was able to completely inhibit the disease caused by P. longicolla GTC 2.5.1 on soybean seeds. This result was very clear evidence for the potential application of indigenous rhizobacteria in the control of diseases caused by P. longicolla in soybean. Further studies need to be continued to exploit the efficiency of the GTC 5.3.84 isolate as well as the potential of other indigenous rhizobacteria in the control of P. longicolla disease in soybean.
AN ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIUM FROM Tridax procumbens PROVIDES DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN WHEAT SEEDLINGS
Authors: DUBEY ANKITA , GAUTAM PRIYANKA
Published: July 2023

Drought stress can negatively affect the growth and yield of crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum). One of the strategies to improve climate resilience includes the incorporation of beneficial microbes in agricultural practices. Endophytic bacteria are the plant associated bacteria that thrive inside plants and can improve plant growth under normal and stressful conditions. They can benefit host plants directly by improving plant nutrient uptake and by modulating phytohormones. The application of plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria (PGPEB) offers an ecofriendly approach for improving agriculture crop production and counteracting the negative effects of drought stress. In this study, we isolated a bacterium from Tridax procumbens L designated as Tps05. Treatment with Tps05 significantly improved seed germination, root/shoot length, fresh and dry weight of wheat under normal and Drought stress conditions compared to mock/control.  Tps05 bacterial isolate was found to produce higher IAA content and Phosphate solubilization. Because of these attributes, Tps05 bacterial isolate can be a good candidate to use as biofertilizers in improving plant tolerance to Drought stress.