bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipase enzymes for sustainable synthesis of chiral active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and key starting materials
Authors: Swain Sharada Prasanna , Khanra Moumita
Published: January 2024

Biocatalysis is considered as a green and sustainable process for synthesis of chiral organic building blocks and active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Lipase catalysed kinetic and kinetic dynamic resolution process is frequently used for in API or KSM synthesis. This review describes the reported synthesis of chiral API/KSM molecules using lipase enzyme, since last 10 years.
Self-Driving Laboratories for Chemistry and Materials Science
Authors: Tom Gary , Schmid Stefan P. , Baird Sterling G. , Cao Yang , Darvish Kourosh , Hao Han , Lo Stanley , Pablo-García Sergio , Rajaonson Ella M. , Skreta Marta , Yoshikawa Naruki , Corapi Samantha , Akkoc Gun Deniz , Strieth-Kalthoff Felix , Seifrid Martin , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: January 2024

Self-driving laboratories (SDLs) promise an accelerated application of the scientific method. Through the automation of high-throughput experimentation, and autonomization of experiment planning and execution, SDLs hold the potential to greatly accelerate research in chemistry and materials discovery. This review article provides an in-depth analysis of the state-of-the-art in SDL technology, its applications across various scientific disciplines, and the potential implications for research, and industry. This review additionally provides an overview of the enabling technologies for SDLs, including their hardware, software, and integration with laboratory infrastructure. Most importantly, this review explores the diverse range of scientific domains where SDLs have made significant contributions, from drug discovery and materials science to genomics and chemistry. We provide a comprehensive review of existing real-world examples of SDLs, their different levels of automation, and the challenges and limitations associated with each domain.
Stellane at the Forefront: Derivatization and Reactivity Studies of a Promising Saturated Bioisostere of ortho‐Substituted Benzenes
Authors: Smyrnov Oleh , Melnykov Kostiantyn , Pashenko Olexandr , Volochnyuk Dmytro , Ryabukhin Serhiy
Published: January 2024

This work highlights stellane's cage stability and derivatization opportunities. Using modern synthesis protocols, a di-verse range of building blocks were synthesized. Stellane's reactivity and chemical tolerance were rigorously evaluated across different reaction systems, demonstrating its promise as a bio-isosteric scaffold. It can be utilized in scaffold-based molecular design and offers topological precision superiority over existing ortho-isosteres, as well as mono-substituted benzene mimetics, holding the potential to become a robust platform for future medicinal chemistry studies.
Statistical distribution of binary ligands within rhodium–organic octahedra tunes microporosity in their assemblies
Authors: Tateishi Tomoki , Troyano Javier , Tokuda Shun , Craig Gavin A. , Krause Simon , López-Olvera Alfredo , Ibarra Ilich A. , Furukawa Shuhei
Published: January 2024

Structure–porosity relationships for metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs) are hardly investigated because of the difficulty in structural characterization. Here, we show a mixed ligand strategy to statistically distribute two distinct carbazole-type ligands within rhodium-based octahedral MOPs, leading to systematical tuning of the microporosity in the resulting amorphous solids.
The Book of the Machines
Authors:   , Roose Courtney
Published: January 2024

In her article “The Allegorical Architectural Project as a Critical Method”, Penelope Haralambidou proposes that an allegorical architectural project can be used as a critical method for the design of architecture. Haralambidou argues that when an allegorical architectural project is employed to unravel a work from another creative discipline, such as literature or fine art, the findings can be used as a method to generate unexpected speculative architectural outcomes. This design-led research investigation proposes to test Haralambidou’s proposition by using Samuel Butler’s 1872 novel Erewhon as a literary provocateur for the design of an allegorical architectural project.

Butler’s novel Erewhon is set in a fictional country based on his visit to New Zealand from 1860-1864. Its principal chapter “The Book of the Machines” was a commentary about how the evolution of machines in the Industrial Revolution parallels Darwin’s 1859 treatise on the evolution of mankind. In the novel’s fictional realm Erewhon (a backward pun for “nowhere”), the rulers recognise both the essential nature of machines, as well as the danger machines represent as they surpass mankind. In his 1968 essay “Difference and Repetition”, French philosopher Gilles Deleuze describes Samuel Butler’s Erewhon as “not only a disguised no-where but a rearranged now-here” (Deleuze 380).

The literary theme of Erewhon establishes a dialectical narrative about the essential nature of the machine in our lives, as well as the danger machines represent as they surpass mankind. This theme has a contemporary real-world parallel at the Chittagong ship graveyard in Bangladesh, where enormous mechanical ships, symbols of wealth and prosperity, are deconstructed by impoverished workers living in toxic conditions. As a speculative allegorical architecture project, this thesis uses the real-world Chittagong ship graveyard as an allegory for Butler’s Erewhon to explore what might happen if the buried ‘sentient’ machines of ‘Erewhon’ are uncovered and come to life once again.

Using Samuel Butler’s allegorical devices and narrative framework from “The Book of the Machines” as the generators of an allegorical architectural project, this design-led thesis investigation asks: how can an allegorical architectural project re-present Butler’s fictional realm of Erewhon — that Deleuze chillingly describes as now-here — as a way to enhance our awareness of the tragic story of the Chittagong ship graveyard?
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN JALUR LAMBAT PADA RUAS JALAN DR. LUKMONOHADI DAN DR. RAMELAN KUDUS DI KABUPATEN KUDUS
Authors: Kholil Munawar , Fauzan Nur Maulana , Rizani Mohammad Debby , Yudaningrum Farida
Published: January 2024

Kudus street is a national road that connects Jakarta-Semarang-Surabaya-Banyuwangi, on this north coast road as the need for mobility of goods delivery or mobility of residents between cities. On the way Dr. Lukmonohadi – Dr. Ramelan has a slow lane on the left side of the road. The purpose of the existence of the slow lane on  road  DR. Lukmonohadi-Dr. Ramelan is to smooth traffic and reduce the fatality rate of  accidents in the fast lane, but due to very high shopping and industrial activities that can interfere with performance on these roads. The purpose of this research study is to review the effectiveness of the slow lane on the Dr. Lukmonohadi-Dr. The Ramelan is working properly or not. From the results of the analysis of traffic performance measured using the degree of saturation (DS) for Road  Dr. Lukmonohadi of 0.57, while Road  Dr. Ramelan is 0.61. From the level of congestion that can be obtained from the value of the side barriers that Dr. Lukmonohadi until Dr. Ramelan is included in the medium side resistance class (M). Based on the comparison of the accident rate from 2016-2021 the number of accidents continues to increase. The recommended recommendations are that it is necessary to repair and add road facilities such as repair of separator paint, faded road markings, addition of zebra crossings in pedestrian-congested locations and asphalt repairs on slow lanes because there is a lot of asphalt that is peeling and has holes, it is very dangerous for road users crossing it. Based on the results of the analysis for the slow lane, it can be concluded that the slow lane has been effective in facilitating traffic flow to reduce the number of accidents on the fast lane.
ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN ARUS PETIKEMAS DI TERMINAL PETIKEMAS SEMARANG
Authors: Arif An Zaenal , Suwandi Putri Anggi Permata , Kristiawan Agung
Published: January 2024

Terminal Petikemas Semarang is one of the Terminals under the management of Subholding PT. Pelindo Terminal Petikemas which has a special pier or terminal for container ship activities, where the Terminal Petikemas Semarang area is in the Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas area, Semarang. The purpose of this study is to determine the growth of container flows at the Terminal Petikemas Semarang for the next 10 years, namely the period from 2023 to 2032 based on projections carried out using the regression method by correlating container flows and the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) index of Java Province Middle in the period 2013 to 2032.
Aplikasi Penyedia Informasi Kos Berbasis Android di Wilayah Kampus Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta
Authors: Anatasyah Maudy , Diwandari Saucha , Ardiani Farida
Published: January 2024

Kota Yogyakarta dikenal sebagai kota pelajar. Dengan sebutan“Kota Pelajar” sesuai dengan banyaknya perpustakaan yang ada di Kota Yogyakarta, termasuk Perpustakaan Kota Yogyakarta[1]. Kota yogyakarta juga merupakan kota budaya. Karena banyak pelajar yang datang dari luar kota, para mahasiswa membutuhkan tempat kost yang dapat mereka tinggali saat masih berkuliah. Biasanya mahasiswa ingin kost yang terletak paling dekat dengan kampus untuk menghindari biaya transportasi yang mahal bila tidak mempunyai kendaraan sendiri. Permasalahan yang ada adalah efektifnya memberikan informasi yang komprehensif sesuai kebutuhan mahasiswa. lokasi penyedia tempat kost berada di wilayah kampus 1 UTY. secara finansial. Alur sistem ini memungkinkan mahasiswa untuk mencari tempat kost perempuan dan tempat kost laki-laki, menambahkan informasi data kost perempuan dan kost laki-laki, mencari kost berdasarkan nama yang dicari, dan menampilkan hasilnya ditambahkan ke daftar pensiun. Sistem ini menggunakan metode waterfall. Pengembangan sistem menggunakan alur kehidupan sekuensial linier atau klasik, sedangkan  pengujian sistem menggunakan black box dengan fokus pada fungsionalitas dan kemudahan penggunaan. Hasil  penelitian yang digunakan untuk membuat mencari dan pemesanan kost aplikasi diharapkan dapat memudahkan dalam mengiklankan tempat kost di wilayah Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta dan menemukan tempat kost terdekat.
B-Shinance: Aplikasi R-Shiny Interaktif untuk Percepatan Visualisasi Daerah Potensi Banjir Berdasarkan Uji Dominasi
Authors: Purwayoga Vega , Dewi Euis Nur Fitriani , Gusnadi Zakwan
Published: January 2024

Bencana banjir merupakan salah satu bencana yang sering terjadi di Indonesia. Beberapa penyebab terjadinya banjir yaitu perubahan tutupan lahan, penggunaan lahan dan curah hujan yang tinggi. Banjir dapat diantisipasi atau dampak banjir dapat diminimalisir dengan cara mengidentifikasi daerah potensi banjir berdasarkan kondisi dari suatu daerah.  Proses identifikasi daerah potensi banjir dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan skyline query. Dimana skyline query dapat mengidentifikasi daerah yang paling unggul atau dominan berdasarkan karakteristik daerah yang berpotensi banjir. Penyajian hasil skyline query akan lebih mudah dipahami ketika dikembangkan atau diterapkan ke dalam suatu sistem atau aplikasi. Sehingga dalam penelitian ini mengembangkan suatu aplikasi interaktif untuk percepatan visualisasi daerah potensi banjir dengan menerapkan skyline query. Aplikasi dikembangkan dengan menggunakan R dan library shiny untuk mempercepat penerapan alogirtma dan pengembangan aplikasi. Aplikasi yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu B-Shinance.
Analisa Kepuasan Pengguna Kualitas Website Portal Berita Menggunakan Metode WebQual 4.0 dan Pendekatan Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) Studi Kasus Batampos.co.id
Authors: Firmansyah Muhamad Dody , Christian Christian
Published: January 2024

Dengan melakukan penelitian ini adalah  bermaksud untuk mengetahui dan memahami hasil analisa dan mengidentifikasi website portal berita batampos.co.id terhadap kepuasan pengguna dengan menggunakan pengukuran webqual 4.0 dan Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), masalah yang di peroleh pada penelitian ini adalah sulitnya mengetahui kualitas pengguna website portal berita batampos.co.id terhadap kepuasan pengguna.Teknik pengambilan data yang dilakukan dengan  menggunakan metode webqual 4.0 dan Importance Performance Analysis (IPA),Kuesioner dalam penelitian ini disusun sesuai dengan indikator webqual 4.0 terdiri dari 22 pertanyaan dan terbagi dalam 3 dimensi berdasarkan variabel webqual .Penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi bagi pembaca dalam menentukan cara dalam menarik pengguna mengetahui dan memahami hasil identifikasi pada portal berita batampos.co.id terhadap kepuasan pengguna dan pembaca di kota Batam.
A Conservative Finite Element Scheme for the Kirchhoff Equation
Authors: Dautov R. Z. , Ivanova M. V.
Published: January 2024

This article presents an implicit two-layer finite element scheme for solving the Kirchhoff equation, a nonlinear nonlocal equation of hyperbolic type with the Dirichlet integral. The discrete scheme was designed considering the solution of the problem and its derivative for the time variable. It ensures total energy conservation at a discrete level. The use of the Newton method was proven to be effective for solving the scheme on the time layer despite the nonlocality of the equation. The test problems with smooth solutions showed that the scheme can define both the solution of the problem and its time derivative with an error of O(h2+τ2) in the root-mean-square norm, where τ and h are the grid steps in time and space, respectively.
A Relaxed Version of the Cutting Method with Approximation of the Constraint Region
Authors: Zabotin I. Ya. , Shulgina O. N. , Yarullin R. S.
Published: January 2024

A cutting method was proposed for solving the convex programming problem. The method assumes that the constraint region of the problem is embedded into some polyhedral sets for constructing iteration points. It involves the construction of a sequence of approximations that belongs to the admissible set and is relaxed, as well as implies that the ε-solution of the initial problem is fixed after a finite number of steps. The method also allows to obtain mixed convergent algorithms by using, if desired, any known or new relaxation algorithms for constructing the main iteration points.
Enhancing Multiple Frame Surveys: Improved Calibration and Efficient Bootstrap Techniques
Authors: Aidara Cherif Ahmat Tidiane
Published: January 2024

In recent years, multiple frame surveys have gained significant attention due to their applicability in capturing special or challenging-to-sample populations. This paper introduces two methodological advancements, the calibrated multiplicity estimator and without-replacement bootstrap techniques, in the field of multiple frame surveys. A comprehensive simulation study assesses their performance. The calibrated multiplicity estimator is demonstrated to outperform the multiplicity estimator, particularly in terms of mean squared error, with a ratio ranging from 0.6 to 0.8. Furthermore, the study shows that without-replacement bootstrap techniques perform favorably compared to their with-replacement counterparts. Future research directions include conducting more extensive simulations with real-world data and establishing the theoretical properties of the proposed estimator. This paper contributes to the growing body of knowledge on multiple frame surveys and their estimation methods.
Efectos de la Ley Fintech México en la apertura de Instituciones de Tecnología Financiera (ITF)
Authors: García-Cañedo Alma Iliana , Quiroz-Gálvez Sergio , Jiménez-García Carlos
Published: January 2024

El corto plazo de la proliferación de las empresas FinTech en México y en el mundo, es debido al impulso recibido por la combinación de varios factores: Técnicas novedosas de desarrollo, expectativas de innovación empresarial, ahorro en los costos, etcétera. Esta expectativa tan dramáticamente amplia en el uso de las FinTech mexicanas, está a la expectativa de cómo funcionará la nueva Ley que para tal efecto se aprobó en marzo de 2018, y las Leyes secundarias en noviembre del mismo año. Por todo ello es pertinente este trabajo, en tanto que es una demanda urgente para académicos y profesionales un conocimiento preciso y actualizado de las tan nombradas FinTech así como la normativa acabada de autorizar. El Objetivo general es: Analizar la Ley para regular las Instituciones de Tecnología Financiera mexicanas, para determinar si afecta o no a la apertura de nuevas empresas Fintech en México.
Alternativas farmacológicas y no farmacológicas para el tratamiento de la ansiedad dental en pacientes pediátricos en la clínica odontológica: revisión de la literatura
Authors: León Valencia Wilson Andrés , García Abad Rafael Eduardo , González Campoverde Lorena , Avecillas Rodas Renata Alejandra
Published: January 2024

La odontofobia en pacientes pediátricos, es decir el miedo exacerbado al ambiente e intervenciones odontológicas, es regularmente combatido con terapias no farmacológicas y no farmacológicas. Objetivo. Determinar cuál es la efectividad de estos dos tipos de terapias para controlar la ansiedad dental en pacientes odontopediátricos. Materiales y Métodos.  Se hizo una revisión narrativa de literatura científica publicada en bases de datos en línea con fechas comprendidas entre el 2018 y 2022; además se consideraron otros criterios de inclusión o exclusión, obteniendo un total de 25 artículos que cumplían con los requisitos. Según lo analizado se determinó que las terapias no farmacológicas más utilizadas son: la musicoterapia, la desensibilización, la técnica “decir, mostrar, hacer” y la técnica de refuerzo positivo; mientras que las terapias farmacológicas más comunes son: la inhalación de óxido nitroso, la sedación intravenosa y la administración de benzodiacepinas por vía oral. Resultados. Para los autores del presente estudio, dentro de las técnicas no farmacológicas es recomendable utilizar la técnica “decir, mostrar, hacer”, puesto que el miedo a lo desconocido suele ser un detonante fuerte para que se presente la ansiedad; también puede usarse la desensibilización, misma que brinda recursos de relajación. En ambos casos no se requiere de medicamentos; sin embargo, en casos complejos se utilizan terapias farmacológicas, cuya elección siempre debe ser valorada por el odontólogo tratante para constatar si el paciente es apto, además de que en todos los casos la aplicación de fármacos sedantes vía intravenosa debe estar vigilada por un anestesiólogo.
Asociación entre ansiedad, depresión y desgaste dental en escolares de una ciudad colombiana
Authors: Llinás-Ariza Alfredo Rafael , Castillo-Pedraza Midian Clara , Wilches-Visbal Jorge Homero
Published: January 2024

Introducción: Diversos factores psicológicos pueden afectar la funcionalidad de los músculos faciales y la estructura de los dientes. Objetivo: determinar si existe asociación entre desgaste dental y ansiedad y depresión en niños. Metodología: estudio de casos y controles, en una muestra de 78 niños de entre 6 y 9 años de un colegió público de la ciudad de Santa Marta, Colombia. Resultados: La media de edad de los niños fue 7,7 ± 1,2 años. Cerca del 92 pertenecían al estrato 1 (ingresos familiares muy bajos). Todos presentaron algún nivel de ansiedad, el 89,7% de ellos presentó ansiedad moderada. Para estos, el 87% de los niños tuvieron desgaste dental grado 3 o 4. Respecto a la depresión, el 62% se encajó en moderada. El 59,0% de niños con algún grado de depresión mostró desgaste grado 3 y el 28,1%, grado 4. Además, se encontró asociación significativa entre dichos factores psicológicos y desgaste dental. Conclusión: El total de los niños examinados tuvieron simultáneamente depresión – ansiedad y desgaste dental, siendo los grados 3 y 4 de desgaste, los más frecuentes.
Identification of Stomata Structures in Leaves of The Tradescantia Genus in The Meurandeh Langsa Region
Authors: Akbar M. Ali , Khairunnisa  , Pepayosa Enca , Lestari Amanda , Sitakar Sahna Maulana , Sabrini Viska Annisa , Mz Rauzatul Jannah , Zubaida Siti , Mahyuny Siska Rita
Published: January 2024

Langsa City is a city located in the province of Nangroe Aceh Darussalam with an area of 262.41 km2 with a population of 165,890 people. Meurandeh Village is one of the villages located in Langsa city, precisely in Langsa Lama. Meurandeh is one of the places that produces plants from the Tradescantia genus. This research aims to identify and differentiate the stomata of three types of plants from the Tradescantia genus. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with observational data collection techniques. The results of this research show that the three types of plants from the Tradescantia genus have three neighboring cells and a tetracytic type of stomata. Of these three types of plants, there are differences in the shape and structure of the stomata.
Effect of Garlic Filtrate as An Alternative Anticoagulant for Osmotic Fragility Test (OFT)
Authors: Aini  , Hijriani Baiq Isti , Dewi Fitriani Kusuma , Atfal Bustanul
Published: January 2024

Osmotic fragility test (OFT) is an examination conducted to measure the resistance of erythrocytes when exposed to hypotonic saline solutions with various concentrations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of garlic filtrate as an alternative anticoagulant for osmotic fragility test (OFT). The samples used were blood samples with heparin anticoagulant. This study is a pre-experimental study, using NaCl solution with concentrations of 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.35%, and 0.55%. The method used to measure OFT value is spectrophotometric method. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical one way Anova. The results showed the percentage value of hemolysis with garlic filtrate at each concentration was 100%, 99%, 95%, and 5%, respectively. Data analysis using ANOVA showed that there was a significant effect on the effect of garlic filtrate as an alternative anticoagulant on OFT with (p < 0.05) 0.000 < 0.05.
Literature Review: Use of (Moringa oleifera) Leaves Against Inflammation
Authors: Rambe Rita Hartati , Yuniarti Elsa
Published: January 2024

The Moringa plant is known as a nutritious plant, has health benefits and can be used in the industrial sector. Moringa plants contain flavonoids, saponins and polyphenols which are known to have anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this research is to conduct a literature review to gather general information about the use of Moringa leaves for inflammation. The research method applied is a literature review by searching for relevant sources on Google Scholar in the period 2010-2022. Based on a literature review of various research results, it is proven that the content of Moringa leaves has a significant effect on inflammation.
The Association Between Body Dissatisfaction and Social Media Addiction Among Teenagers in Indonesia
Authors: Candra Paradini Sukma , Rifansha Muhammad Ghifari , Dahnita Ni Komang Sanca Dara , Kuta Putu Cicilia Rarasati , Elizar Lale Justin Amelinda
Published: January 2024

Body dissatisfaction and social media addiction are two psychological problems that are often experienced by teenagers. Body dissatisfaction is a psychological concept that refers to an individual's negative feelings towards his body. Several studies have shown that the higher level of body dissatisfaction, the higher the tendency of social media addiction in adolescents. Individuals tend to compare themselves with others through their appearance on social media, thereby reducing their appreciation of their own body shape and becoming more insecure. These conditions can affect a person's overall mental and physical health. This literature review aims to examine the relationship between body dissatisfaction and social media addiction among teenagers in Indonesia. This literature review was conducted using the keywords “body dissatisfaction AND social media addiction AND teenagers”. This article uses 28 articles that were used as references in its preparation. In conclusion, based on research conducted in various countries, including Indonesia, there is a significant relationship between body dissatisfaction and social media addiction among teenagers. Teenagers who are dissatisfied with their physical appearance tend to use social media more frequently, and excessive use of social media can increase the risk of both body dissatisfaction and social media addiction.
Gallbladder Empyema: A Dreadly Complication of Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Sari Dinda Puspita , Shaffiranisa Elvienna , Hamdin Amrullah Muliawan , Nadila Clara , Habib Philip
Published: January 2024

Gallbladder empyema is a severe form of acute cholecystitis with additional suppuration with an incidence rate of 6.3%-26.6% and a mortality rate 3%. If not treated promptly, gallbladder empyema can cause complications. Therefore, in this literature review we will discuss gallbladder empyema in more depth and the immediate treatment that must be carried out to avoid complications in patients. In this literature review Schoolar, we conducted a search on the PubMed and Sciencedirect database    using    the search keyword “gallbladder empyema”, “empyema”, and “gallbladder”. Gallbladder empyema can occur due to bile that cannot be excreted from the gallbladder will cause infection from microorganisms so that the gallbladder becomes full of exudative material in the form of pus, causing acute inflammation. Diagnosis of gallbladder empyema can be done using Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography Scan (CT Scan). Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) is a procedure for the initial management of gallbladder empyema before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. If gallbladder empyema is treated immediately, the prognosis is good. If not treated promptly, gallbladder empyema can lead to peritonitis, and bacteremia leading to a rapid systemic inflammatory response, shock, and sepsis.
Population Structure of Turbo setosus and Strombus labiatus Collected By Rads in The Intertidal Area of Serinting Beach Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Mandalika
Authors: Lestari Linda , Karnan  , Bachtiar Imam
Published: January 2024

Harvesting gastropods and other intertidal biota during lowest tides called Madak, is a traditional activity of coastal community on the Lombok Island. The Madak tradition has the potential to be used as a biology learning resource in schools. Variations in the size of Gastropods can be used as a source of studying population ecology. The present study aimed to describe quantitatively Gastropoda populations harvested during the madak. This study was carried out by collecting snail Turbo setosus and Strombus labiatus shells harvested in the intertidal area of ​​Serinting Beach. Convenience sampling was applied to collect data from 5 people in 5 days. There were 120 individuals of T. setosus and 240 individuals of S. labiatus collected from 25 rads with varying shell sizes. The shell size of T. setosus ranges from 3.32 to 7.19 cm, which is then divided into 8 classes. The average size of the harvested shells was 5.08 cm with a standard deviation of 1.96 cm, which means that the distribution of the data obtained was less varied. The size of S. labiatus shells ranges from 2.40-4.78 cm which is then divided into 9 classes. The average size of harvested shells was 3.48cm with a standard deviation of 0.92 cm, which means that the distribution of the data obtained is less varied. The population structures of T. setosus and S. labiatus harvested were less diverse, so further research is needed to determine the population structure of T. setosus and S. labiatus found in nature.
Fungal Crude Lipase Enzyme Produced Using the SSF (Solid State Fermentation) Method Increases The Washing Test Performance
Authors: Sedijani Prapti , Khovia Nida'an , Rasmi Dewa Ayu Citra , Kusmiyati
Published: January 2024

Lipase is an enzyme that commonly used in various industries, including the detergent industry to improve washing performance. Two fungal isolates (Al and Cl) has been reported to be highly active on high pH. This research aims to see the potential of those fungi (crude enzyme) in improving washing performance. Enzymes were produced using the SSF (Solid State Fermentation) method with sugarcane bagasse as a medium. To determine how adding enzymes might affect the effectiveness of washing, studies were conducted. The results show that washing performance increases from 52% (detergent only) to 74% in combination with the crude enzyme. It is concluded that Al has a potential to be involved in biodetergent production. Similar assays with concentrated enzymes are suggested for future studies.
Effectiveness of Cages Inducing Nasopharyngeal Dysplasia in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Nugraha Gede Rama Hardy , Kadriyan Hamsu , Wedayani Anak Agung Ayu Niti , Yuliyani Eka Arie
Published: January 2024

The cage is a place used to put experimental animals in experimental studies to study the mechanism of the disease and its response to therapy. Formaldehyde as a carcinogenic compound can increase the occurrence of chronic inflammation which has the potential to increase the growth of cancer cells in experimental animals due to the stress experienced while in the cage. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of large and small cages induced by formaldehyde 30 ppm against nasopharyngeal dysplasia in Wistar rats. This research is an experimental study with a true experimental design with the type of post-test only control group design. This study used 12 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were divided into two groups, namely the group of Wistar rats which were placed in large cages measuring (30 x 24 x 11.5) cm3 of 6 individuals, and in small cages (27 .5 x 21.5 x 9) cm3 of 6 individuals induced by 30 ppm formaldehyde with a span of 6 hours per day for 16 weeks. The rats were terminated and retro-orbital blood samples were taken to measure MDA levels and nasopharyngeal tissue to assess the degree of dysplasia. The results of this study showed that there was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) between the degrees of nasopharyngeal dysplasia (p=0.003) and MDA levels (p=0.003) in Wistar rats in small cages and large cages. In this study the effectiveness of small cages was greater than large cages in causing dysplasia in the nasopharyngeal tissue of Wistar rats.
Exploring the Phytochemical and Antioxidant potential of Musa balbisiana Peel Extract Using Biochemical Approach
Authors: Bahri Syamsul , Jannah Raudatul , Rahmawati Ami , Huldin Rizky Jasa
Published: January 2024

Several studies have discussed the benefits peels of Musa balbisiana. This study aims to determine the chemical content in Kepok banana (Musa balbisiana) peel as a natural ingredient. Sample in this study is Kepok banana peel. Sliced peel of Kepok banana were dried by keeping this sample in room temperature for days, grounded using a commercial blender, and passed through a 60 mesh sieve, macerated for 72 hours using 96% ethanol, then filtered and concentrated the sample by using a rotary evaporator. Phytochemical analysis showed that ethanol extract of Kepok banana peel contain tannins, flavanoids, steroids and saponin. Radical scavenging activities (inhibition of DPPH) of the extract showed that ethanol extract of Kepok banana peel has a very strong antioxidant activity, because from a linear regression curve we obtained equation y=1.2597x – 5.7942. By using this equation, IC50 concentration value is 44.29 ppm.
Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations of Hypogonadism
Authors: Nurma'rifatullah  , Duarsa Ni Made Meta Satya Buda , Purnama Ranti Filarma Negara , Khalda Yumna Iftinan , Triani Eva
Published: January 2024

Hypogonadism is a condition where the function of the gonad glands decreases, resulting in a decrease in hormone levels due to the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis. Hypogonadism occurs in approximately 2.1% – 12.8% of the middle-aged to older male population. This article was written to find out more about explaining the pathophysiology and clinical symptoms of hypogonadism. The method used is literature reflection combined with related search sources from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Google Scholar, and Research Gate. The results of a literature review of articles carried out can conclude that hypogonadism often causes symptoms of delayed puberty, loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, loss of muscle mass, and depression. Hypogonadism is also classified based on the reason into primary and secondary hypogonadism. Primary hypogonadism occurs due to gonadal dysfunction, while secondary hypogonadism occurs due to dysfunction of the hypothalamus and/or pituitary gland.
Macronutrient Content of Sipunculus nudus as an Antistunting Candidate
Authors: Warsidah
Published: January 2024

Consuming balanced nutritious food with macronutrient content including carbohydrates, protein and fat for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers as well as children under five during the growth and development period is one of the efforts to prevent and treat anti-stunting, up to the age of 2 years. Waters and beaches are one of the habitats for marine biota such as bivalve shells, gastropods, various fish and other marine biota whose names and uses are not yet popular but are widely consumed by coastal communities, including Sipunculus nudus. Marine biota from the phylum Sipuncula in some areas are called sea worms, are one of the marine biota whose habitat is in the sand, and are the favorite food of coastal communities. Information about the nutritional and mineral content of this marine biota species has not been widely reported. This research aims to determine the macronutrient content of Sipunculus nudus collected from the coastal waters of Samboang, South Sulawesi. Determination of macronutrients was carried out using several methods, including for protein using the Kjeldahl method, fat using extraction with n-hexane solvent, water and ash content using an oven and furnace. The results of measuring the macronutrient content of Sipunculus nudus showed a water content of 72%, ash content of 1.19%, protein content of 6.5%, fat content of 2.07% and carbohydrate content using difference calculations was obtained at 18.24%.
Anatomical Identification of Leaf Stomatal Cell Types in The Family Euphorbiacea
Authors: Tambun Miduk Leonardo , Suri Sirem , Siregar Lili Anna Sari , Mardiah Siti Rhadiatun , Sarjani Tri Mustika
Published: January 2024

Stomata, which are specialized cells on the surface of leaves, undergo modification to form structures containing two guard cells. These cells play a crucial role in facilitating the exchange of water vapor and gases between the plant's internal environment and the surrounding atmosphere. Typically located on plant parts exposed to air, such as leaves, stems, and rhizomes, stomata distribution varies among different species. While some plants exhibit stomata on both upper and lower leaf surfaces, others, like water lilies, exclusively feature stomata on the upper side.The objective of the current investigation was to analyze the stomatal anatomy of various plant species within the Euphorbiaceae family. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the study aimed to characterize and interpret the stomatal types present on the leaves of Euphorbiaceae plants in the Langsa City region. The findings revealed the presence of five Euphorbiaceae species in Langsa City, including Euphorbia mili (jade fern), Jatropha curcas (Jatropha curcas), Codiaeum variegatum 'Norma' (norma puring), Codiaeum variegatum Bi (jet puring), and Codiaeum finger (finger puring), all of which exhibited parasitic stomatal types.
Effect of Ecoenzyme Application for Cayenne Pepper Storage
Authors: Eskundari Ratna Dewi , Wardoyo Suwaji Handaru , Azzahra Alya Febrina
Published: January 2024

Cayenne pepper is one of vegetables that is consumed almost every day by every household. However, cayenne pepper is characterized by not being long-lasting, so efforts are needed to extend the shelf life of cayenne peppers. Ecoenzyme is known as a multipurpose solution that has antimicrobial properties, so it is thought that ecoenzyme can be used as a natural preservative, for example to extend the shelf life cayenne pepper. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of ecoenzyme solutions in extending the shelf life of cayenne pepper. The research was carried out using fruit-derived ecoenzyme solution and vegetable-derived ecoenzyme solution, with treatment without dilution, ecoenzyme solutions with a concentration of 75%, and ecoenzyme solutions with a concentration of 50%. The results of the research showed that at full concentration without dilution, fruit-derived or vegetables-derived ecoenzyme solution can extend the shelf life of cayenne pepper to 10 days. It is hoped that these results will be useful for post-harvest purposes of cayenne pepper, both on a household and larger scale.
Analysis of Soil Chemical Properties and Their Relationship with Tobacco Plant Productivity in Dry Land
Authors: Azzahra Ema Rahila , Fauzi Taufik , Suwardji  , Sudharmawan A. A. Ketut
Published: January 2024

Dryland is defined as land that is never flooded or submerged in water throughout the year. Indonesia has a very large area of dryland, which is 11,876,881 hectares. Generally, drylands have low fertility and thin soil layers with low organic matter content. There are several types of plants that can be cultivated in drylands, one of which is tobacco. Environmental conditions such as soil conditions (physical and chemical properties of soil) affect the production and quality of tobacco, among others, soil status. In this topic, the descriptive method was used as an approach. Data collection techniques (literature) were carried out using books, articles, and scientific journals derived from previous research. It was concluded that an increase in C-organic content, CEC, and KB increased tobacco production. Conversely, an increase in pH can adversely affect tobacco production and quality.
Potential Utilization of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Various Growing Media on Soil Fertility in Dry Land
Authors: Restiyah Demy Afiya , Fauzi Taufik , Suwardji  , Sudharmawan A. A. Ketut
Published: January 2024

The potential of dry land for agricultural development in Indonesia is very large, one way that can be done to increase soil fertility and productivity of dry land is by using PGPR biologival fertilizers and various planting media such as husk charcoal and cocopeat. The purpose of this writing is to determine the effect of giving Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and various planting media on soil fertility in dry land. This research was conducted using a descriptive method by obtaining data from publication in the form of research journal, review journal published in international and national journals and other related information. Descriptive analysis was carried out by means of 1). Do a search of appropriate literature 2). Screening and selecting relevant articles 3). Conducting qualitative analysis and 4). Compile articles. The application of PGPR and various planting media can increase the physical and chemical fertility of the soil and nutrient absorption for the soil, such as improving soil ph, organic C, P-total and soil N-total. The mechanism of PGPR to increase soil fertility is by fixing nitrogen in the air with the help of the enzyme nitogenase, as a phosphate solvent, and as a producer of plant hormones.
Study of The Chemical Properties of The Post-Harvest Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Pertilized by The Mushroom Baglog Waste Compost
Authors: Zuhraini Zuhraini , Sutriono R. , Susilowati Lolita Endang
Published: January 2024

Availability in the soil varies greatly, influenced by the interaction between the chemical properties of the soil and some other soil traits such as the physical and biological properties of the soil. An analysis of the chemical properties of the soil is vital to recognizing availability of nutrients for future crop cultivation. The purpose of this study is to know the chemical conditions of the ground after the harvest of the peanut plant after given the mushroom compost post fertilizer. The design of the experiment used in this study is a complete random design (ral) with a dose of mushroom post baglog fertilizer 6 and a degree of fertilizer recommendation 1 (as control). As for the treating cedar that is used is p1 = 100% recommendation fertilizer, p2 = 2 ton ha-1 fertilizer compost of the mushroom baglog, p4 = 4 tons of ha-1 fertilizer compost of the mushroom baglog, p5 = 6 tons of ha-1 Studies show a different dosage of fertilizer has a real impact on all the parameters observed.
Protein Profile Analysis of Tungro and Dwarf Virus-Infected Rice Plants using SDS-PAGE
Authors: Abbas Saipul
Published: January 2024

Viruses in rice plants are one of the causes of decreased harvest yields and rice farming productivity. This study aims to analyze the protein profile of viruses in rice plants infected with tungro and dwarf viruses using the SDS-PAGE method. The study includes six plant samples, including tungro-infected plants from Pinrang and Sidrap districts, as well as dwarf virus-infected plants from Sidrap and Wajo districts. Two healthy plant samples were used as a comparison. The SDS-PAGE technique was employed for the separation and analysis of proteins. The protein profile results in tungro-infected plants showed a protein band pattern between 31-116 kDa. Meanwhile, in dwarf virus-infected plants, a protein band pattern between 31-205 kDa was detected. These results indicate variations in protein expression between viruses and significant differences in protein profiles between tungro and dwarf virus-infected plants compared to healthy plants. Therefore, it is expected that this information can aid in designing more effective strategies for controlling virus infections in rice plants.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Brotowali (Tinospora crispa) Rhizosphere Bacteria Producing Siderophore from Dry Lands of Lombok Island
Authors: Partiwi Sekar , Al Idrus Agil , Zulkifli Lalu , Mahrus  , Sedijani Prapti
Published: January 2024

In the context of biopesticide development, siderophore-producing rhizosphere bacteria play an important role as potential biological control agents. Siderophores are complex organic compounds produced by microorganisms to bind and take up iron ions (Fe3+) from the surrounding environment. This compound is very important because iron is a nutrient necessary for life for many microorganisms and plants. The aim of this research was to determine the type and ability of bacteria in the rhizosphere of Brotowali (Tinospora crispa) to produce siderophores. The method used in this research is an exploratory descriptive type. The isolation results obtained from the North Lombok area obtained 5 samples with codes B4A1, B6A1, BT61, BT63 and BT83. The results of the bacterial isolate potency test with Media Kings showed that only isolate BT63 showed clear fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light. Meanwhile, the Arnow's Assay test showed that only BT63 colonies experienced a color change to pink. The results of the molecular identification of the potential bacteria, namely BT63, using the BLAST method using the GenBank data base at NCBI, show that it is closely related to the species Bacillus thuringiensis strain FDAARGOS 791. The results above show that the rhizobacteria isolated from Brotowali have the potential to be developed as a natural biopesticide that can be applied in the future.
Soil Properties Affecting Mercury (Hg) Adsorption-Desorption: Determine The Extent of Soil Pollution Risk
Authors: Hurum Puji Hapsari , Suwardji  , Fauzi Taufik , Sudharmawan A. A. Ketut
Published: January 2024

One of the hazardous wastes generated from unlicensed gold mining is mercury. Mercury is a toxic metal that can have a negative impact on the environment such as reducing soil and water quality and disturbing human health. The presence of mercury in the soil is completely controlled by adsorption-desorption of various sorbents. Soil properties greatly affect the adsorption and desorption of mercury in the soil. Because different soil properties will adsorb and desorb mercury in different ways and amounts.  The purpose of writing this article is to review the results of previous research on the adsorption-desorption of mercury in soil so as to determine the extent of the risk of soil and environmental pollution. The method used in this writing is to collect and process data sources from previous research published in scientific articles, books, and discussion results. The results show that soils with high organic matter, iron oxide and clay content can absorb more Hg2+. In addition, lower pH has more hydroxylated surfaces that can adsorb more Hg2+. Irreversibility was found where the amount released or desorbed was less than the adsorption of mercury.
Utilization of Coffee Commodity Agricultural Waste Through Partnership Towards Sustainable Production and Consumption
Authors: Siahaan Herlyna Novasari , Putra Hendris Syah , Hasibuan M. Fariz Afif
Published: January 2024

One of the SDGs for the process of coffee production and consumption through partnerships is SDGs 12 and 17. SDGs 12 relates to Responsible consumption and production and SDGs 17 relates to partnerships for the Goals. Efficient management of waste management is an important target for achieving SDGS 12 goals to move towards a more sustainable consumption pattern by 2030. Coffee production is increasing every year accompanied by an increase in coffee consumption and drinking trends around the world. This research was conducted at Satya Terra Bhinneka University by holding a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) by inviting stakeholders consisting from farmers, government, business world and academics. on July 20 2023. The data collection method was carried out using the PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) method and analyzed in a descriptive. The research results show that coffee farmers in North Sumatra Province are spread across several districts which produced Arabica and Robusta while the original coffee variety is “Sigarar Utang”. Coffee farmer institutions in North Sumatra are in the form of farmer groups, farmer group associations and farmer cooperatives to managing plantations by implementing agricultural corporations. The use of coffee waste is making compost and liquid organic fertilizer. Coffee waste is also used as a Cascara drink and making coffee ashtrays.
Identification of Food Types of Ghost Crabs (Ocypode kuhlii L.) in The Intertidal Zone of Peudawa Beach, East Aceh
Authors: Syaravicena Dwi , Jayanthi Sri , Ramadila Aini , Sapitri Suci Nurlida , Anisa Devi , Sabrini Viska Anisa
Published: January 2024

Ghost crabs are one of the arthropod animals that live in coastal ecosystems and are one of the key species that have a very important role in maintaining ecological balance. Here the author refers to the abundance of ghost crabs and the types of food eaten by ghost crabs, this is because there are still many who do not know about the types of ghost crab hands and the abundance of ghost crab hands and the abundance of ghost crabs on an east aceh beach. The type of research used was quantitative research with a random sampling method which was carried out on November 25 2023. From the results of this crab density research, there were 100 individuals with a translation size of 254M and a density index of 1,96 D at 40 54’’ 9’ N 970 51’’ 2’ T. Aceh Regency Timur, the types of food for ghost crabs are Zooplankton, Phytoplankton and Bacterioplankton. The conclusion of this research is that the existence of this crab population is greatly influenced by the condition of the beach which is its habitat. Natural beaches usually find many ghost crabs because the food chain process is still maintained.