bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuronal extracellular vesicles influence the expression, degradation and oligomeric state of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 2 in astrocytes affecting their glycolytic capacity
Authors: Hajka Daria , Budziak Bartosz , Rakus Dariusz , Gizak Agnieszka
Published: September 2024

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 2 (Fbp2) is a regulatory enzyme of gluco- and glyconeogenesis which, in the course of evolution, acquired non-catalytic functions. Fbp2 promotes cell survival during calcium stress, regulates glycolysis via inhibition of Hif-1α activity, and is indispensable for the formation of long-term potentiation in hippocampus. In hippocampal astrocytes, the amount of Fbp2 protein is reduced by signals delivered in neuronal extracellular vesicles (NEVs) through an unknown mechanism. The physiological role of Fbp2 (determined by its subcellular localization/interactions) depends on its oligomeric state and thus, we asked whether the cargo of NEVs is sufficient to change also the ratio of Fbp2 dimer/tetramer and, consequently, influence astrocyte basal metabolism. We found that the NEVs cargo reduced the Fbp2 mRNA level, stimulated the enzyme degradation and affected the cellular titers of different oligomeric forms of Fbp2. This was accompanied with increased glucose uptake and lactate release by astrocytes. Our results revealed that neuronal signals delivered to astrocytes in NEVs provide the necessary balance between enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions of Fbp2, influencing not only its amount but also subcellular localization. This may allow for the metabolic adjustments and ensure protection of mitochondrial membrane potential during the neuronal activity-related increase in astrocytic [Ca2+].
Identifying iodide-ion regulation of early-stage zinc nucleation and growth for high-rate anode-free zinc metal batteries
Authors: Shi Wenchao , Song Zhenjun , Zhang Wenwei , Lian Sitian , Huang Fuzhi , An Qinyou , Li Qi
Published: September 2024

An innovative approach of iodide ion-mediated regulation for the early-stage Zn nucleation and growth process is demonstrated to achieve highly reversible and high-rate anode-free aqueous Zn metal batteries.
Study of advanced treatment of low concentration tetracycline wastewater in two-stage MBBR system
Authors: Zhao Kuaile , Chen Hanyu , Wang Zhaoran , Zhang Baozhong , Zhang Kunfeng , Zhang Huikang , Hong Wanbin
Published: September 2024

In this research, a two-stage reaction system was developed, incorporating a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and a photocatalytic reactor.
3D printable gelatin/nisin biomaterial inks for antimicrobial tissue engineering applications
Authors: Dallos Ortega Mateo , Aveyard Jenny , Ciupa Alexander , Poole Robert J. , Whetnall David , Behnsen Julia G. , D’Sa Raechelle A.
Published: September 2024

Antimicrobial peptide loaded biomaterial inks for 3D printing can fabricate personalised medical devices that has significant healthcare benefits given the lower risk infection related failure and lower tendency to develop antimicrobial resistant bacteria.
Anode-free post-Li metal batteries
Authors: Petersen Deik , Gronenberg Monja , Lener German , Leiva Ezequiel P. M. , Luque Guillermina L. , Rostami Sasan , Paolella Andrea , Hwang Bing Joe , Adelung Rainer , Abdollahifar Mozaffar
Published: September 2024

This comprehensive review explores anode-free post-Li metal batteries (Na, K, Mg, Zn, Al), emphasizing metal-philicity, current collector functionalization strategies, insights from computational studies, and advancements in electrolyte formulations.
Non-Fermi liquid to charge-transfer Mott insulator in flat bands of copper-doped lead apatite
Authors: Kim Sun-Woo , Haule Kristjan , Pascut Gheorghe Lucian , Monserrat Bartomeu
Published: September 2024

The copper-doped lead apatite, known as LK-99, is revealed as an intriguing flat-band material exhibiting correlated states from non-Fermi liquid to charge-transfer Mott insulator, rather than the initially claimed room-temperature superconductivity.
Understanding mono- and bi-metallic Au and Ni nanoparticle responses to fast heating
Authors: Itina Tatiana E.
Published: September 2024

Nanoparticle assembly, alloying and fragmentation are fundamental processes with significant implications in various fields. To understand these processes under fast and strong heating, we employ molecular dynamics simulations.
Improved high-current-density hydrogen evolution reaction kinetics on single-atom Co embedded in an order pore-structured nitrogen assembly carbon support
Authors: Yu Jiaqi , Yan Yu , Lin Yuemin , Liu Hengzhou , Li Yuting , Xie Shaohua , Sun Simin , Liu Fudong , Zhang Zhiguo , Li Wenzhen , Oh Jin-Su , Zhou Lin , Qi Long , Wang Bin , Huang Wenyu
Published: September 2024

Single-atom metal embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon show high HER performance, with Co-NAC reaching 200 mA cm−2 at 310 mV overpotential.
Reconceptualising mucoadhesion for future medicines
Authors: Cook Michael T. , Shorthouse David
Published: September 2024

New perspectives on the design of mucoadhesive medicines highlight challenges with the current formulation approaches.
Tuning photoluminescence properties of Au clusters by surface modification and doping: lessons from case studies of icosahedral Au13
Authors: Buschmann Dennis Alexander , Hirai Haru , Tsukuda Tatsuya
Published: September 2024

This review article focuses on the ubiquitous icosahedral Au13 core protected by organic ligands as a benchmark and derives empirical rules for tuning and enhancing photoluminescence properties through surface modification and heterometal doping.
Modular synthesis of divergent thiofunctionalized sulfoxonium ylides
Authors: Hu Qiong , Bao Mei-Zhu , Meng Yuan-Jie , Liu Xin-Xing , Zou Wen-Xuan , Song Jia-Lin , Wei Jiaohang , Shen Dan-Ting , Liu Xiang , Cao Xiaohui , Zhang Shang-Shi
Published: September 2024

A metal-free protocol for the modular synthesis of diverse α-thiofunctionalized-α′-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides from sulfoxonium–iodonium hybrid ylides (I(III)/S(VI)-ylides) has been achieved.
Highly selective and flexible silver nanoparticles-based paper sensor for on-site colorimetric detection of paraquat pesticide
Authors: Bhandari Sanjeev , Parihar Vijay Singh , Kellomäki Minna , Mahato Mrityunjoy
Published: September 2024

Paper-based sensors or paper-based analytical devices (PADs) have recently emerged as the cost-efficient, and portable, on-site detection tools for various biological and environmental analytes.
Enhancing the stereoselectivity of Me2GaOR(NHC) species in the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide, with the help of the chelation effect
Authors: Horeglad Paweł , Rola-Noworyta Anna , Tuszyński Dawid , Fabianowska Iga , Marek Natalia Agnieszka , Gładysz Patrycja , Wielgus Ireneusz , Dąbrowska Anna Maria
Published: September 2024

Using Me2GaOR(NHC) complexes for the ROP of rac-LA, we have demonstrated and discussed the effect of the chelate interaction between the growing PLA chain and gallium on the stereoselectivity of propagating species – Me2Ga(OPLA)(NHC).
Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy of human fibroblasts with impaired sialin function
Authors: Mansikkala Tuomas , Kangas Salla M. , Miinalainen Ilkka , Angervaniva Pia , Darin Niklas , Blomqvist Maria , Hinttala Reetta , Huttula Marko , Uusimaa Johanna , Patanen Minna
Published: September 2024

A comparative study of normal human fibroblasts and Salla disease patients' fibroblasts reveals changes in the soft X-ray spectroscopic signatures of disease cells. Synchrotron radiation imaging was performed for thin sections and grid-grown cells.
Incorporating azaheterocycle functionality in intramolecular aerobic, copper-catalyzed aminooxygenation of alkenes
Authors: DeCicco Ethan M. , Tlapale-Lara Neively , Paradine Shauna M.
Published: September 2024

A key limitation across aminofunctionalizations is incompatibility with substrates bearing medicinally relevant N-heterocycles; in contrast, this aerobic, Cu-catalyzed aminooxygenation engages a diverse range of N-heterocycle-bearing substrates.
Correction: Shape-controlled synthesis of micro-/nanosized Cu particles with spherical and polyhedral shapes using the polyol process
Authors: Nhat Hang Nguyen Thi , Yang Yong , Phuc Le Hong , Tri Nguyen Huu , Van Cuu Ho , Long Nguyen Viet
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘Shape-controlled synthesis of micro-/nanosized Cu particles with spherical and polyhedral shapes using the polyol process’ by Nguyen Thi Nhat Hang et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 22403–22407, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA03643C.
Compact device prototype for turn-on fluorescence detection of sarin based on reactive 4,4-diaryloxy-BODIPY derivatives
Authors: Liu Lu , Li Sheng , Luo Wendan , Yao Jiashuang , Liu Taihong , Qin Molin , Huang Zhiyan , Ding Liping , Fang Yu
Published: September 2024

4,4-Diaryloxy-BODIPYs were presented for fluorescence turn-on detection of sarin in solution media. A compact tubular sensor and a sensing platform prototype were fabricated for in situ detection of real agents and simulants at the sub-mM level.
The effects of Yb11Sb10 and Yb10MnSb9 secondary phases on the high performing thermoelectric material Yb14MnSb11
Authors: Borgsmiller Leah , Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

The first exploration of the impact of Yb11Sb10 and Yb10MnSb9 secondary phases in Yb14MnSb11, explaining years of confusing thermoelectric data.
Bi-axially oriented ternary polypropylene composite film with enhanced energy storage property at elevated temperature
Authors: Liu Wenfeng , Li Zhiyuan , Liu Hongbo , Zhou Yihan , Zeng Jiakai , Zhao Yi , Cheng Lu , Zhou Yao , Li Shengtao
Published: September 2024

The enhancement of the energy storage property of capacitor films at elevated temperature has been considered a critical area of research owing to the essential requirements of capacitor applications.
A high‐precision timing and frequency synchronization algorithm for multi‐h CPM signals
Authors: Liu Yukai , Liu Rongke , Chen Qizhi , Zhao Ling
Published: September 2024

In the context of certain specific digital communication systems, where there are limitations such as spectral resources and energy availability, continuous phase modulation (CPM) emerges as an appealing choice among various modulation methods. Among CPM signals, multi‐h CPM is particularly noteworthy for its ability to address these constraints within the realm of single‐carrier and constant‐envelope waveforms. At the physical layer, the design of a multi‐h CPM receiver necessitates the efficient implementation of timing and frequency synchronization algorithm within a high dynamic environment. So this paper presents an innovative approach for achieving timing and frequency synchronization. To rectify timing offset and mitigate the adverse effects of noise in received signals, a re‐configurable local filter generation method is integrated into the timing synchronization algorithm. Simultaneously, an enhanced least mean square adaptive filter algorithm is applied to address frequency synchronization. A comprehensive series of simulations rigorously evaluates the outcomes of proposed novel synchronization methodology. These analyses demonstrate a notable proximity between the synchronization errors of proposed algorithm in this paper and the performance benchmark set by the modified Cramer–Rao bound. The proposed synchronization technology also exhibits the capability to substantially reduce the bit error rate, thereby effectively enhancing demodulation performance in multi‐h CPM receivers.
Harmonic voltage phasor reconstruction and harmonic state estimation based on the measurement data of a capacitive voltage transformer
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxian , Peng Qingjun , Zou Dexu , Wang Shan , Wang Haozhou , Zhou Fangrong , Chu Desheng
Published: September 2024

Harmonic state estimation, which highly depends on accurate synchronised phasors, is a crucial basis for the location, traceability, and governance of harmonics in power systems. However, most existing synchronous phasor measurement units (PMUs) provide power frequency phasors rather than harmonic phasors. In addition, as the dominant voltage signal provider for PMUs in power systems, capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs) have complex frequency responses and cannot be directly used for harmonic measurement. Therefore, accurate harmonic state estimation is difficult to achieve in applications. A method for harmonic voltage phasor reconstruction and harmonic state estimation based on the measurement data of a CVT is proposed. First, the reasons for harmonic voltage measurement errors were analysed. Second, the scattering parameter method was used to measure the wideband voltage transfer characteristics of CVT. Third, a voltage reconstruction method was proposed to improve the measurement accuracy and expand the frequency range of synchronous phasor measurement. Fourth, this method was applied to harmonic state estimation, and the performance of harmonic state estimation before and after voltage reconstruction was quantitatively compared. Results showed that the proposed method can remarkably improve the accuracy of harmonic state estimation. Finally, some factors, such as state observability, complex error disturbances, CVT structure, and harmonic order, influencing the performance of the proposed method were investigated. Results further demonstrated that the method has high accuracy, strong anti‐interference, and adaptability, and can provide basic information for harmonic localisation and traceability.
The effect of temperature variation on the transient response of RF PIN diode limiters for very high frequency applications
Authors: Botha Cornelius Johannes , Stander Tinus
Published: September 2024

This work presents the effect of temperature change on the capacitance of silicon PIN diodes and the resulting change in performance of RF limiters at very high frequency (VHF). Device temperatures were varied between −25 ºC and 100 ºC, with small‐signal parameters (including device capacitance) extracted at regular temperature increments and bias voltages from −20 Vdc to +3 Vdc using a multi‐bias parameter extraction method. It was found that the junction capacitance of the four PIN diodes under investigation increases with temperature, as expected from carrier lifetime behaviour, while results also confirmed prior observations of an inverse relationship between forward‐biased series resistance and temperature. Devices were subsequently tested in two different limiter topologies through high‐power transient measurements. It was found that the combination of increased capacitance and decreased resistance with increasing temperature increases the transient spike leakage and decreases the flat leakage of a limiter. It was also concluded that, for VHF, an anti‐parallel topology provides the best performance over a wide range of temperatures.
Unit commitment of power systems considering system inertia constraints and uncertainties
Authors: Weng Yuxin , Geng Guangchao , Jiang Quanyuan
Published: September 2024

Large‐scale integration of renewable energy into the power grid results in a lack of system inertia, posing challenges to the optimal operation and scheduling of systems considering frequency stability. This article proposes a unit commitment model that considers both inertia constraints and the uncertainty of load and renewable energy. First, the time‐domain expression of the system frequency response is calculated based on the aggregated System Frequency Response (SFR) model, considering the system's maximum frequency deviation and the maximum Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) limit. This calculation determines the minimum inertia requirement for the system. Furthermore, inertia constraints suitable for mixed‐integer programming model are derived to address the nonlinearity of conventional frequency constraints. Second, considering the uncertainties of load and wind energy from renewable sources, a unit commitment model with inertia constraints is constructed, and a robust method is used to solve the uncertainties. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed inertia constraints and unit commitment model is validated using case study of IEEE standard test cases and a provincial power grid in China.
Reliable exploration of the deposit as the first step in the process of forecasting the quality of commercial coal
Authors: Marcisz Jan , Burczyk Aleksandra , Michorczyk Piotr
Published: September 2024

The article presents the basics of the deposit exploration process carried out at Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa, which aims to ensure a rational exploitation of resources while maintaining high product quality. It showcases the problems associated with the small mass of samples coming from the exploration wells, which make determining the key quality parameters of coke impossible and proposes solutions to assess the quality of coals in terms of producing coke with high parameters, as determined by the Nippon Steel Corporation (NSC) test, i.e. coke reactivity (CRI) and post-reaction strength (CSR). Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa, in initiating the “Quality Program” in 2018, covering the processes of deposit modeling, production planning and scheduling, and commercial product quality monitoring, set the goal of improving production processes by enabling the control of the production planning process. Such efforts are aimed at enabling the dynamic adjustment of product quality to the changing business environment, particularly at a time of increased decarbonization efforts in the European steel industry. Knowing the quality of deposits is a milestone in the process of predicting the quality of a commercial product. The primary tools for exploration of the deposit are both surface and underground drilling and sampling of seam coal during ongoing access and mining operations. In addition, analysis of qualitative data, i.e. physicochemical parameters, coking parameters and petrographic analysis from previous mining operations is carried out for the purpose of assessing coal quality and its suitability for coking.
Sustainable development trends in the Ukrainian logistics market
Authors: Siryk Zinoviy , Hrаfskа Oryslava , Pavlov Kostiantyn , Samoilenko Bohdan , Chornyi Roman
Published: September 2024

The article explores the impact of current challenges on Ukraine’s logistics sector, emphasizing its crucial role in supply chain management and integration into the global economy. Political instability and military conflicts have severely disrupted logistics, particularly due to port closures and transport route blockages, necessitating immediate strategic adjustments by companies. The study examines the evolution of the logistics market and how global and local factors influence process optimization. The need for new strategies to rebuild the damaged logistics infrastructure during post-crisis recovery is substantiated. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, including trend analysis, comparative analysis, expert interviews, and case studies, the article offers a comprehensive understanding of the Ukrainian logistics market’s dynamics and challenges. It identifies key industry transformations, such as digitalization, shifts in international trade, and adaptations to domestic market conditions, underscoring the importance of integrating advanced technologies into supply chain management. The article also emphasizes the critical role of flexible and efficient logistics strategies in supporting the national economy’s sustainability amid global challenges and internal shifts. It highlights the role of adaptive logistics in maintaining economic stability and international competitiveness while addressing the opportunities and challenges these strategies present.
Application of C–H Functionalization in the Construction of Pyrene-Azobenzene Dyads
Authors: Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda , Suwasia Sonam , Venkataramani Sugumar
Published: September 2024

Herein we report synthesis of pyrene-azobenzene dyads using the Pd(II)-catalyzed directing-group-assisted arylation of the ortho C(sp2)–H bond of pyrenecarboxamides as a key transformation. Many examples of directly connected pyrene-azobenzene dyads (without any linker) and glycine-based azobenzene-pyrene dyads have been synthesized. Initial incorporation of an acetanilide unit in the pyrene skeleton through Pd(II)-catalyzed directing-group-assisted ortho C(sp2)–H arylation by using iodoacetanilide was followed by the transformation of the acetanilide into an azobenzene unit to give the pyrene-azobenzene dyad. UV-Vis spectroscopic studies were performed to get the absorption properties (λmax (nm)) of all the compounds. Preliminary photoswitching studies in both forward and reverse directions and their related thermal reverse Z→E isomerization kinetics measurements were ascertained for representative compounds. Considering the importance of pyrene and azobenzene linked motifs as important chromophore-based photoswitchable molecules in chemical, materials, and supramolecular sciences research fields, this work enriches the library of pyrene-azobenzene dyads.
A New General, Mild Preparation of 2-Hydroxy-β-nitrostyrenes Starting from 2-Acetylsalicylaldehydes and Nitroalkanes via Domino Process
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Bassetti Benedetta , Wang Lu , Ballini Roberto , Petrini Marino
Published: September 2024

A new practical and improved preparation of 2-hydroxy-β-nitrostyrenes by reaction of nitroalkanes with acetylsalicylaldehydes, promoted by DBU in acetonitrile at 0 °C is reported. Under these conditions products were isolated in very good yields and as single E-diastereomers.
Evaluation of Knowledge about Epilepsy among Undergraduate Health Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alshahrani Abdulrahman M. , Alotaibi Nemer , Rashikh Mohammad Azhar
Published: September 2024

Background Greater knowledge of undergraduate health students will provide quality care to patients with epilepsy. Most previous studies have targeted teachers, health care providers, and the general public. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge gaps of undergraduate health students on basic subjects of epilepsy, such as etiologies, symptoms, and treatment options.

Materials and Methods Our study conducted a cross-sectional survey among undergraduate health students. We collected data using a descriptive information form. The chi-square test was employed to compare knowledge of seizure between demographic and academic variables.

Results Of the total, 84.4% of students had read or heard about epilepsy. However, only 2.8% of students displayed good knowledge scores toward epilepsy. About 18.2 and 32% of students incorrectly identified that epilepsy could be due to possession by evil spirits and blood disorder, respectively. More than half of the students considered epilepsy to be nontreatable (52.1%) and a contagious disease (55.4%). Moreover, students in the advanced age group, medicine, and clinical years displayed significantly better knowledge scores than their peers (p < 0.05). All dental college students revealed poor scores in terms of knowledge about epilepsy's causes, symptoms, and treatment.

Conclusion Our findings concluded that most undergraduate health students demonstrated poor knowledge scores regarding epilepsy. Notably, students studying in dental college and preclinical years had a lower understanding of epilepsy than their peers. This finding suggests that introducing comprehensive epilepsy education in all health-related courses could improve patient care.
Much Ado about Nothing? Counterterrorist Legislation has Few Effects
Authors: Bjørnskov Christian , Voigt Stefan
Published: September 2024

The events of 9/11 not only caused anger and fear among citizens the world over, but also led to counterterrorist legislation (CTL) in many countries. This paper identifies the most important determinants of passing CTL and the effects of such legislation on the likelihood of future terrorist attacks and on civil liberties. We particularly focus on the interplay between constitutionalized emergency provisions and CTL. We find that constitutional emergency provisions seem unrelated to CTL. It is not newly passed CTL, which drives civil liberties down, but, rather, the terrorist attacks themselves and the immediate and unmediated government responses to them.
Rule of law, corruption and transparency impacts on green growth of East Asian economies
Authors: Gu Weiyu , Yan Weifeng , Yu Shiqin
Published: September 2024

This paper highlights the necessity for nations to adopt green growth strategies to achieve economic prosperity, social equity, and environmental sustainability. By examining governance indicators in six East Asian economies from 1995 to 2021, it finds that a 1% increase in the rule of law boosts green energy deployment by 0.33%, while a 1% rise in corruption reduces it by 0.25%. Similarly, a 1% increase in transparency leads to a 0.45% rise in green energy. Higher income levels encourage green energy adoption, with a 1% increase in income resulting in a 0.19% boost, whereas a 1% rise in income inequality decreases deployment by 0.32%. The paper suggests policies to enhance the rule of law, promote transparent governance, reduce income inequality, and encourage inclusive growth to support green growth objectives.
Effective control of magnetism and transport properties of monolayer WV2N4 with two magnetic atomic layers and its van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Guo Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaolin , Zhu Yu , Liu Yuheng , Han Xiufeng , Yan Yu
Published: September 2024

The large magneto-resistance (MR) effect produced by electric control of the magnetic state for van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures composed of vdW intrinsic magnets holds great significance for low-dissipation spintronic devices. Our first-principles calculations reveal that the proposed monolayer WV2N4 is a ferromagnetic (FM) metal with two magnetic V atomic layers, and the interlayer magnetic coupling between two V atomic layers can be switched from FM to antiferromagnetic coupling by applying a small compressive strain. Interestingly, a large MR ratio of 253% is achieved in the proposed graphite/monolayer WV2N4/graphite vdW heterostructure using a −1.5% compressive strain. Combining the strain-induced change in magnetism of monolayer WV2N4 and the graphite/monolayer WV2N4/graphite vdW heterostructure with the inverse piezoelectricity of piezoelectric materials, a feasible strategy is proposed to achieve electric control of the interlayer magnetic coupling of monolayer WV2N4 in the graphite/monolayer WV2N4/graphite vdW heterostructure clamped by piezoelectric materials by utilizing the inverse piezoelectricity, thereby generating a large MR ratio in the graphite/monolayer WV2N4/graphite vdW heterostructure clamped by the piezoelectric material. Our work presents a promising avenue for developing energy-efficient spintronic devices.
Realization of a gas puff imaging system on the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
Authors: Terry J. L. , von Stechow A. , Baek S. G. , Ballinger S. B. , Grulke O. , von Sehren C. , Laube R. , Killer C. , Scharmer F. , Brunner K. J. , Knauer J. , Bois S. ,   W7-X Team
Published: September 2024

A system for studying the spatiotemporal dynamics of fluctuations in the boundary of the W7-X plasma using the “Gas-Puff Imaging” (GPI) technique has been designed, constructed, installed, and operated. This GPI system addresses a number of challenges specific to long-pulse superconducting devices, such as W7-X, including the long distance between the plasma and the vacuum vessel wall, the long distance between the plasma and diagnostic ports, the range of last closed flux surface (LCFS) locations for different magnetic configurations in W7-X, and management of heat loads on the system’s plasma-facing components. The system features a pair of “converging–diverging” nozzles for partially collimating the gas puffed locally ≈135 mm radially outboard of the plasma boundary, a pop-up turning mirror for viewing the gas puff emission from the side (which also acts as a shutter for the re-entrant vacuum window), and a high-throughput optical system that collects visible emission resulting from the interaction between the puffed gas and the plasma and directs it along a water-cooled re-entrant tube directly onto the 8 × 16 pixel detector array of the fast camera. The DEGAS 2 neutral code was used to simulate the Hα (656 nm) and HeI (587 nm) line emission expected from well-characterized gas-puffs of H2 and He and excited within typical edge plasma profiles in W7-X, thereby predicting line brightnesses used to reduce the risks associated with system sensitivity and placement of the field of view. Operation of GPI on W7-X shows excellent signal-to-noise ratios (>100 at 2 Mframes/s) over the field of view for minimally perturbing gas puffs. The GPI system provides detailed measurements of the two-dimensional (radial and poloidal) dynamics of plasma fluctuations in the W7-X edge and scrape-off layer and in and around the magnetic islands outside the LCFS that make up the island divertor configuration employed on W7-X.
Competitive flow of bilateral internal thoracic artery Y-graft: Insights from hemodynamics and transit time flow measurement parameters
Authors: Masoudi Ahmad , Pakravan Hossein Ali , Bazrafshan Drissi Hamed
Published: September 2024

Recent studies have demonstrated the superior efficacy of bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafts compared to other graft methods in treating coronary artery disease. Competitive flow (CF) is a primary factor contributing to graft failure in the long term. For the first time, the CF of the BITA-Y graft has undergone rigorous numerical analysis. Through the application of transit time flow measurement (TTFM) and hemodynamic parameters, this study provides a new perspective on graft performance. Simulation results indicate that average flow, TTFM, and hemodynamic parameters fall within the critical range for stenosis severities below 90%. Specifically, at 80% stenosis, the mean graft flow (MGF) and pulsatility index (PI) of the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) were 0.071 cc/s and 27, respectively, while those of the right internal thoracic artery (RITA) were 0.211 cc/s and 11. With increasing stenosis severity, TTFM parameters remained within the clinical permissible limit (MGF > 0.34 cc/s and PI < 5). At 95% stenosis severity, the MGF and PI for LITA were 0.526 cc/s and 1.2, respectively, while those for RITA were 0.790 cc/s and 0.9. The results indicate the presence of competitive flow within the BITA-Y graft for stenosis severities below 90% area reduction, suggesting a potential risk of graft failure in the long term. Additionally, the results indicated that when there are significant differences in stenosis severity between the two native arteries, the BITA-Y graft is not optimal due to CF, characterized by low MGF and high reverse flow.
Rapid flowing cells localization enabled by spatiotemporal manipulation of their holographic patterns
Authors: Huang Zhengzhong , Wang Zhe , Pirone Daniele , Bianco Vittorio , Miccio Lisa , Memmolo Pasquale , Cao Liangcai , Ferraro Pietro
Published: September 2024

Lab-on-a-Chip microfluidic devices present an innovative and cost-effective platform in the current trend of miniaturization and simplification of imaging flow cytometry; they are excellent candidates for high-throughput single-cell analysis. In such microfluidic platforms, cell tracking becomes a fundamental tool for investigating biophysical processes, from intracellular dynamics to the characterization of cell motility and migration. However, high-throughput and long-term cell tracking puts a high demand on the consumption of computing resources. Here, we propose a novel strategy to achieve rapid 3D cell localizations along the microfluidic channel. This method is based on the spatiotemporal manipulation of recorded holographic interference fringes, and it allows fast and precise localization of cells without performing complete holographic reconstruction. Conventional holographic tracking is typically based on the phase contrast obtained by decoupling the calculation of optical axial and transverse coordinates. Computing time and resource consumption may increase because all the frames need to be calculated in the Fourier domain. In our proposed method, the 2D transverse positions are directly located by morphological calculation based on the hologram. The complex-amplitude wavefronts are directly reconstructed by spatiotemporal phase shifting to calculate the axial position by the refocusing criterion. Only spatial calculation is considered in the proposed method. We demonstrate that the computational time of transverse tracking is only one-tenth of the conventional method, while the total computational time of the proposed method decreases up to 54% with respect to the conventional approach. The proposed approach can open the route for analyzing flow cytometry in quantitative phase microscopy assays.
Effect of clustering on Turing instability in complex networks
Authors: Pranesh Samana , Jaiswal Devanand , Gupta Sayan
Published: September 2024

Turing instability in complex networks is known to be dependent on the degree distribution, and the necessary conditions for Turing instability have been shown in the literature to have an explicit dependence on the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix, which, in turn, depends on the network topology. This study reveals that these conditions are not sufficient, and another global network measure—the nodal clustering—also plays a crucial role. Analytical and numerical results are presented to explain the effects of clustering for several network topologies, ranging from the S1/H2 hyperbolic geometric networks that enable modeling the naturally occurring clustering in real-world networks, as well as the random and scale-free networks, which are obtained as limiting cases of the S1/H2 model. Analysis of the Laplacian eigenvector localization properties in these networks is shown to reveal distinct signatures that enable identifying the so called Turing patterns even in complex networks.
Brinkman–Bénard convection in a box with temperature modulation
Authors: Dev Kapil , Suthar Om P. , Siddheshwar Pradeep G.
Published: September 2024

A bounded porous box saturated with Newtonian fluid and subjected to a sinusoidal temperature gradient has various practical applications, such as solar energy storage, groundwater remediation, food processing, and chemical reactors. We address the generalization of the classical Rayleigh–Bénard convection problem in a horizontal fluid layer in an infinitely large domain heated from below to a finite three-dimensional box. We also look into a more intricate form of the modulated Rayleigh–Bénard problem in which the temperature at the bottom boundary varies sinusoidally. The Rayleigh number quantifies the non-sinusoidal part of the temperature gradient, while the amplitude and frequency of modulation describe the sinusoidal one. The critical Rayleigh number is determined using linear and nonlinear stability analyses; for the latter, the energy method is used. There is a possibility of subcritical instabilities, as evidenced by the energy stability estimates being lower than the linear ones. Furthermore, eigenvalues are obtained as a function of aspect ratios, modulation amplitude, and frequency for varying Darcy numbers. Modulation amplitude more significantly triggers a change in flow patterns at the onset of convection compared to the effect of other parameters. Considering water-saturated porous media made up of different materials, we report the critical temperature difference between lower and upper surfaces required for the onset of convection. In addition, a comparison between such a temperature difference obtained from linear theory and the energy method is also provided in the same manner. It is observed that subharmonic instability occurs for all considered porous media packed densely or sparsely.
Dynamics of an acoustically levitated fluid droplet captured by a low-order immersed boundary method
Authors: Sustiel Jacqueline B. , Grier David G.
Published: September 2024

We present a variant of the immersed boundary (IB) method that implements acoustic perturbation theory to model acoustically levitated fluid droplets. Instead of resolving sound waves numerically, our hybrid method solves acoustic scattering semi-analytically to obtain the corresponding time-averaged acoustic forces on the droplet. This framework allows the droplet to be simulated on inertial timescales of interest, and therefore works with much larger time steps than traditional compressible flow solvers. To benchmark this technique and demonstrate its utility, we implement the hybrid IB method for a single droplet in a standing wave. Simulated droplet shape deformations and streaming profiles agree with available theoretical predictions. Our simulations also yield insights into the streaming profiles for elliptical droplets, for which a comprehensive analytic solution does not yet exist.
Numerical study on the polarity change process during internal wave shoaling
Authors: Wang Xueyu , Wen Zehua , Zou Li , Ma Xinyu , Yu Zongbing , Zhao Tao
Published: September 2024

Polarity change is an important mechanism for internal waves shoaling. In this study, a numerical model for simulating the real-scale internal wave passing over slope-shelf topography is established based on the Fourier pseudo-spectral method and weakly nonlinear theory. By numerical simulation, the effects of shelf height, initial wave amplitude, and inclination angle on the waveform characteristics and energy properties of the internal wave during its shoaling are investigated. In the polarity change process, the initial internal wave converts into a depression wave and a generated elevation wave behind it. The distance between the peak of the elevation wave and the trough of the depression wave is a key feature to describe the polarity change. In terms of energy properties, the energy ratio of depression and generated elevation waves compared with the initial wave as well as their relative magnitude is mainly determined by the shelf height. In addition, the initial wave amplitude also affects the generation of the elevation wave and the attenuation of the depression wave to a certain extent. The increase in the inclination angle hinders the formation of the elevation wave but has little effect on the depression wave energy.
Preparation and characterization of high-stability gel foam for fracture plugging in reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Li Binfei , Xin Yan , Li Boliang , Zhang Mengyuan , Wang Hao , Zhang Shuhao , Zhang Hang , Gu Xinliang
Published: September 2024

A high-stability gel foam is successfully prepared by forming a gel structure in the liquid film using polymer and crosslinker. The foaming properties, gel characteristics, foam stability, and microstructure of the high-stability gel foam are systematically studied. Although increasing the viscosity of the liquid film reduces the foam volume, it significantly enhances the foam stability. Considering the foaming properties, gel characteristics, and economic benefits, the optimal formulation of the gel foam system is determined to be 0.8% surfactant, 0.3% hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG), and 0.2% organic titanium crosslinker (ATC). Microstructural analysis revealed that, compared to water-based and polymer foams, gel foam has smaller bubble sizes, lower drainage rates, and slower coarsening rates. This improvement is mainly attributed to the increased viscosity and thickness of the liquid film after gel and the formation of a three-dimensional network structure. Water loss rate experiment shows that the foam stability is stronger when the liquid film has certain viscosity and elasticity to resist external disturbances. However, higher viscosity and film strength do not necessarily result in better foam stability. The final water loss rate of the gel foam after being placed at 100 °C for 10 h is 74.45%, much lower than that of other higher-strength gel foams (greater than 99%). Fracture plugging experiments demonstrated that the plugging rate of gel foam is high (80%), whereas water-based foam achieved only 37.5%. The gel foam can effectively plug fractures and expand the swept volume, showing great potential for improving oil reservoir recovery.
Broadband metamaterial linear polarization converter designed by a hybrid neural network with data augmentation
Authors: Hua Junyu , He Xiaodong
Published: September 2024

Deep learning techniques provide a new approach to the design and optimization of electromagnetic metamaterials. This study used a convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (CNN–LSTM) hybrid network to design and optimize a broadband metamaterial reflective linear polarization converter. The data augmentation method was also employed in few-shot learning to reduce optimization costs and improve model prediction performance. With the inverse prediction, a linear polarization converter that perfectly covers the Ku-band was obtained and fabricated with flexible printed circuit technology. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that this network can accurately predict the structural parameters. The polarization converter not only achieves remarkable broadband polarization conversion efficiency spanning the 2.2–18 GHz range but also maintains precise cross-polarization control across the entire Ku-band. The mean polarization conversion ratio in the Ku-band was calculated to be an impressive 99.69%. Finally, the mechanism of polarization conversion and the influence of each structural parameter on its performance further verify the optimality of the inverse design model. The use of CNN–LSTM deep learning methods significantly simplified the design process of electromagnetic metamaterials, reducing design costs while ensuring high design precision and excellent performance.
Analysis of edge stress of combined shell under internal waves
Authors: Cui Yiqiong
Published: September 2024

Internal wave is essentially a gravity wave induced by the layered structure of water (e.g., density stable layering), with its maximum amplitude occurring within the ocean. Similar to surface waves, internal waves have significant influence on the strength and stability of a submerged body as an external factor. Meanwhile, combined shells are exposed to complicated loads under internal waves, and edge stress is dominant. In this study, the edge stresses of combined shell (typical hemisphere–cylinder combined shell and unfolded sphere–cylinder combined shell) under internal waves were analyzed. Indeed, a semi-empirical, semi-theoretical formula for the edge stress of combined shells (typical hemisphere–cylinder combined shell and unfolded sphere–cylinder combined shell) has been proposed. In this study, the semi-empirical, semi-theoretical formula was corrected by introducing internal wave loads, with the depth of the internal wave taken into consideration. In addition, the corrected formula was verified by finite element analysis, and a simplified equation for the calculation of edge stress of the combined shell under internal waves was developed, with errors in a rational range.
FeS2/SnS2@C with mosaic-like heterointerface as robust sodium anode
Authors: Di Miaoxin , Miao Tenglong , Song Zhenqi , Chen Suhua , Bai Ying
Published: September 2024

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been widely researched due to their abundant resource and inherent safety. However, the major challenge for further commercialization of SIBs is the absence of low-priced anode electrodes with high reversible capacity and durability. Herein, a hierarchical heterogeneous structure of FeS2/SnS2@C nanocubes with rich two-dimensional mosaic-like heterointerface and N/S co-doped carbon wrapping is constructed and synthesized, to achieve ultrahigh reversible capacity and long cycling stability as anode of SIBs. Combining x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ion diffusion kinetic analysis, and in situ x-ray diffraction, the exquisite hierarchical heterogeneous structure of FeS2/SnS2@C could promote charge/electrons transfer and accelerate ion diffusion kinetics. As expected, the FeS2/SnS2@C anode shows superior reversible capacity (867.5 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), good rate performance (718.9 mA h g−1 at 5.0 A g−1), and long cycle stability (738.0 mA h g−1 after 1200 cycles at 5.0 A g−1) with Na metal as counter electrode. This work proves that the effectiveness of heterojunction interfaces for promoting Na+ diffusion is highlighted by such capabilities.
Advanced attention-based spatial-temporal neural networks for enhanced CO2 water-alternating-gas performance prediction and history matching
Authors: Xu Yunfeng , Zhao Hui , Pathegama Gamage Ranjith , Chen Qilong , Zhou Yuhui , Rao Xiang
Published: September 2024

This study combines convolutional neural networks, spatial pyramid pooling, and long short-term memory networks (LSTM) with self-attention (SA) mechanisms (abbreviated as CSAL) to address the problem of production dynamics prediction in tight reservoirs during the CO2 water-alternating-gas (CO2-WAG) injection process. By integrating DenseNet and SPP modules, this method effectively captures and processes complex spatial features in tight reservoirs. Concurrently, the LSTM enhanced with SA mechanisms improves the prediction capability of temporal data during the CO2-WAG process. Experimental results demonstrate that the CSAL model performs excellently in both the training and testing phases, achieving a coefficient of determination (R2) exceeding 0.98, significantly enhancing the model's prediction accuracy. Compared to models without attention mechanisms, the CSAL model increases the R2 value in time series prediction by 10%. Furthermore, employing the Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation algorithm, the CSAL model achieves high-precision history matching, significantly reducing the error between predicted values and actual observations. This study validates the application potential and superiority of the CSAL model in the CO2-WAG process in tight reservoirs.
Cascade amplification-based triple probe biosensor for high-precision DNA hybridization detection of lung cancer gene
Authors: Yin Zhiyong , Jing Xili , Li Shuguang
Published: September 2024

As an essential biomarker for diagnosing and treating various diseases, low-cost, quantitative detection methods for complementary DNA (cDNA) have received much attention. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing technique is an effective measurement scheme, but the ambient temperature and pH variations have a non-negligible impact. In this work, we developed a triple-probe SPR sensing system for detecting cDNA concentration, temperature, and pH. In order to satisfy the triple parameter measurements, we used a microstructured optical fiber as the sensing platform, silver and gold films as the excitation layer, and a MoS2 film as the modulation layer. First, we explore the modulation mechanism of SPR and the conditions for excitation of triple SPR and demonstrate that the carrier concentration is a crucial factor affecting the resonance wavelength. Then, the feasibility of the sensing system for triple-probing is theoretically analyzed. Finally, in the experiment, the optimal parameters of the sensor were determined, and the triple parameter detection was successfully realized. The experimental results show that the three probes can work independently, and the hybridized DNA probe can realize the selective detection of cDNA with a sensitivity of 0.249 nm/(nmol/l). The maximum sensitivity of the pH probe and the temperature probe are 51.5 nm/pH and 6.14 nm/°C. In addition, the experimental results show that the sensing probes have excellent reproducibility. This paper’s innovation is using the fiber optic SPR effect to achieve quantitative detection for cDNA, temperature detection, and pH detection. Therefore, the sensor has a promising future in early diagnosis and biosensing.
针对华裔学生的美国大学中文教材
Authors: Liu Yan , Ji Jingjing , Wu Grace , Liang Min-Min
Published: September 2024

近些年来，美国大学中文课中传承语学习者的数量不断增加 (Xiang,
2016)。然而，现有的传承语教材数量比较少，且目前美国大学中文项目所使用的华裔中文教材也存在一定的局限性 (Luo et al.,
2019)。因此，编写新的大学中文传承语教材势在必行。本文首先回顾了相关传承语教学以及中文传承语学习者的研究，然后对现有的中文传承语教材进行评估，识别其局限之处。最后，基于以上分析以及与传承语教学法和教材编写原则相关的研究，为未来中文传承语教材所应遵循的编写原则、课文话题和角度、面向群体、教学内容和活动所应遵循的标准和体例等方面提出一些建议。