bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does anesthesia duration or number of cases per patient predict safety events?
Authors: Berens R. J. , Greene C. C. , Frahm C. E. , McCormick M. E. , Hoffman G. M.
Published: February 2024

Background

The need for dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia is increasing, with varying needs between patients. Mortality has been found to be a rare event in these patients; however other perioperative events can and do occur. Previous studies have established increased incidence of perioperative events with younger, sicker children, and longer anesthetics, however, no studies to date have evaluated if the incidence of perioperative events is more closely associated with one long anesthetic or multiple anesthetics per patient.

Aims

To evaluate the association of perioperative events related to single anesthetic duration or number of anesthetics per patient for dental rehabilitation.

Methods

After Children's Wisconsin Human Research Protection Program determined this quality activity did not meet the definition of human subjects research, we performed an epidemiologic observational evaluation by extracting all dental related cases (dental alone or with oral surgeon vs. dental with other specialties) with an associated general anesthesia encounter from Children's Wisconsin electronic data warehouse from June 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. These cases occurred at a free‐standing children's hospital or associated pediatric‐only ambulatory surgery center. The risk of perioperative safety events was analyzed for previously identified risk groups such as American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA‐PS), patient age, anesthesia case time with the addition of number of dental cases per patient.

Results

In this study, 8468 procedures were performed on 8082 patients. Of this cohort, 7765 patients underwent one procedure for dental care while 317 patients underwent a total of 703 dental‐related procedures, ranging from two to five procedures per patient. Multivariable logistic regression identified increased risk of perioperative events in patients with ASA‐PS 3 (n = 1459, rate 1.78%, p value .001, OR 5.7, CI 2.1–15.5) and ASA‐PS 4 (n = 86, rate 5.8%, p < .001, OR 17.2, CI 4.4–67.3), anesthesia duration (p < .001, OR 1.46, CI 1.21–1.76), but no increased risk with number of anesthetics per patient (p value .54, OR 0.81, CI 0.4–1.61).

Conclusions

Limiting dental care under general anesthesia to multiple short cases may decrease the risk of perioperative events when compared to completing all treatment in one long operative session.
Comparison survey on family caregivers of older persons in Japan and Thailand
Authors: Ryuno Hirochika , Greiner Chieko , Tamdee Decha , Okamoto Nahoko , Tamdee Patrapan , Isowa Tokiko , Booonchiang Waraporn , Baba Yuji , Kitagawa Akiko
Published: February 2024

Background

While rapid population ageing is occurring worldwide, its speed is especially prominent in Asian countries. In Asia, cultural diversity might significantly affect care burden; however, few studies have investigated the differences in care burden, and mental, physical and social conditions among Asian countries. This study aimed to clarify the situations of and differences in family caregivers (FCs) of older persons in Japan and Thailand, and evaluate the factors associated with care burden in both countries.

Methods

A cross‐national survey of 217 in‐home FCs was conducted in Japan and Thailand and mainly included items regarding care burden and psychosocial conditions. Differences between the two countries were obtained, and the factors associated with care burden were analysed by multiple regression analyses.

Results

The FCs' and care receivers’ mean ages (64.8 ± 11.1 and 84.8 ± 8.6 years, respectively) in Japan were significantly higher than the mean ages (49.1 ± 13.3 and 77.1 ± 9.5 years) in Thailand. In Japan, FCs had more severe care burden, loneliness, and stress compared to those in Thailand. In Thailand, FCs had more social connections and informal support than those in Japan. The factors associated with care burden were different in each country; thus, severe stress, low emotional care preparation, and low willingness to continue care at home were significantly associated with severe care burden in Japan, whereas poor relationships with care receivers, few social connections, low confidence in providing care, low emotional care preparation, and lack of informal support were significantly associated with severe care burden in Thailand.

Conclusions

Despite there being a long‐term care insurance system in Japan, which is absent in Thailand, care burden and psychosocial conditions of FCs might be worse in Japan. There was a clear difference in the factors associated with care burden between Japan and Thailand.
Evaluating performance of three types of carbon seed coatings on seedling development
Authors: Duquette Cameron , Rios Roxanne , Baughman Owen , Kildisheva Olga , Cahill Matt , Boyd Chad
Published: February 2024

Sagebrush Steppe native plant restoration faces many hurdles to success, including extreme temperature and precipitation variability and non‐native plant invasions. Multi‐year preemergent herbicides are an option for annual grass control, but also prevent germination of native seeded species. Seed enhancement technologies have been recently developed and tested to shield native seeds from herbicide effects using activated carbon, giving them a competition‐free window to germinate and develop. Several issues need to be addressed to scale these technologies appropriately to contend with the massive spatial extent of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata spp.) steppe restoration needs, such as the ability to produce seed enhancement technologies at high volume and making them compatible with existing rangeland seeding practices. In this lab study, we evaluated the efficacy of traditional herbicide protection pellets (HPPs) versus smaller commercial coatings at protecting native seed from the preemergent herbicide imazapic. We then tested house‐made coatings against those produced by Germains Seed Technology. Finally, we tested to see if the order of seeding and spraying affects the efficacy of high carbon industrial coatings and HPP technologies. Though no technology achieved complete protection, commercial seed coatings were able to achieve results comparable to HPPs with roughly 60% less activated carbon and 80% less dry materials; this smaller size is expected to reduce cost and simplify logistics of handling, storage, and delivery at scale. We also found no difference in the effectiveness of commercial seed coatings whether seeding happened before, or after spraying.
High‐frequency palaeoenvironmental changes in the mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sedimentary system from a lower Permian restricted basin (West Gondwana, southern Brazil)
Authors: Brito Ailton S. , Nogueira Afonso C. R. , Dos Santos Renan F. , Angélica Rômulo S. , Rodrigues René
Published: February 2024

Global climatic and palaeogeographical changes generated a siliciclastic–carbonate system with high organic matter accumulations in a shallow sea during the lower Permian in Western Gondwana. The 60 m thick mixed siliciclastic–carbonate succession (Irati Formation and the base of the Serra Alta Formation) from the Paraná Basin represents a singular record of the interplay between carbonate production and siliciclastic input, providing a window of opportunity to integrate large‐scale depositional architecture with facies and geochemical analyses. The detailed study of cores supported by outcrop columnar sections revealed a siliciclastic‐dominated, retrogradational to aggradational facies, and a carbonate‐dominated, mixed aggradational to progradational facies composing three depositional sequences that record an outer‐ramp and mid to upper‐ramp. An integrated approach based on the description of facies and microfacies, organic geochemistry and mineralogical composition, indicated high‐frequency palaeoenvironmental changes during the evolution of this restricted basin. Climate changes, resulting in humid and dry phases, produced ideal conditions for high organic matter production and dolomite formation. The high organic matter production (humid phases) in addition to the restricted condition was responsible for the anoxic bottom waters that were widespread due to the low angle and homoclinal platform. Nutrient‐rich freshwater inflows in the anoxic and hypersaline restricted basin created a density‐stratified water column causing low‐salinity surface and anoxic bottom water, which allowed planktonic life, typical of lakes, such Botryococcus braunii, to flourish in the photic zone and sulphur bacteria to populate below the chemocline. Microbial activity induced primary dolomite precipitation (dry phases) and widespread formation of synsedimentary dolostone. Freshwater inflow and marine incursions are reflected in the organic matter accumulation (kerogen types I and II, respectively), generating bituminous shale with high total organic carbon (5 to 27 wt.%).
The party of Reagan: External (but not internal) personalization
Authors: Harmel Robert , Kockaya Leon B.
Published: February 2024

Objective

The purpose of this article is to assess whether the relationship that existed between Ronald Reagan and the Republican Party could reasonably be characterized as one of personalization/de‐institutionalization of the party.1

Methods

The authors employ the common conceptual framework developed for this special issue. Evidence is drawn from both popular journalism and scholarly sources.

Results and Conclusion

While bits of evidence exist for personalization, especially with regard to the external dimension, the collective evidence stops short of what is required to be considered de‐institutionalization of the party.
Estimation of the incubation time distribution in the singly and doubly interval censored model
Authors: Groeneboom Piet
Published: February 2024

We analyze nonparametric estimators for the distribution function of the incubation time in the singly and doubly interval censoring model. The classical approach is to use parametric families like Weibull, log‐normal or gamma distributions in the estimation procedure. We propose nonparametric estimates for functions of the observations, which stay closer to the data than the classical parametric methods. We also give explicit limit distributions for discrete versions of the models and apply this to compute confidence intervals. The methods complement the analysis of the continuous model in Groeneboom (2021, 2023). R scripts for computation of the estimates are provided in Groeneboom (2020).
THE USE OF PVDF-BASED MEMBRANE FOR TREATING INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF FABRICATION TECHNIQUE AND FOULING MITIGATION VIA ADDITIVE BLENDING AND SURFACE COATING
Authors: Martini Sri , Mardwita Mardwita , Afroze Sharmeen , Sri Yusmartini Eka , Kharismadewi Dian
Published: February 2024

This review particularly discusses current development of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)-based membrane technology for wastewater purification in terms of the potentiality, various fabrication techniques and specific fouling mitigation. Firstly, membrane technology for treating industrial wastewater and other polluted water is presented properly. In this section, essential aspects in membrane technology such as membrane usage in wastewater treatment field, fouling phenomena, fouling characteristics, and its mechanism would be explained. The second part then includes PVDF polymer, the utilization of conventional and green solvents used in membrane fabrication process as well as prominent methods available for fabricating PVDF-based membranes. Ultimately, the last section critically covers fouling mitigation efforts covering two prominent strategies namely additive blending and surface coating using novel substances as reported in current literature. Although some research related to the preparation of membrane materials has existed in the literature, there are still several challenging issues that need to be critically discussed deeper for establishing a reliable PVDF-based membrane and modifying the membrane for obtaining better properties of permeate flux, selectivity and anti-fouling leading to better membrane performance for purifying industrial wastewater containing high concentration of recalcitrant organic and inorganic pollutants. Overall, this review will considerately contribute to understand membrane fabrication and current surface modification as part of possible dependable loopholes for reducing fouling rate especially on PVDF-based membranes, and it will be a strong foundation for future research regarding the fabrication of polymeric membrane derived from PVDF having better durability and antifouling property.
EFFECTS OF Avicennia marina MANGROVE SEDIMENTATION ON WAVE ATTENUATION
Authors: Herison Ahmad , Bengen Dietriech Geoffrey , Putra Andius Dasa , Romdania Yuda , Arief Farah Diba
Published: February 2024

Mangrove ecosystems protect coastlines from abrasion and erosion, dampen strong winds against oceans, and bind sediment periodically. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of Avicennia marina sedimentation on wave attenuation. The employed methods in this research were spot-check, transect-squared, and laboratory test methods. The measurement of the wave data involved SBE 26 and RBRDuo T.D. They were carried out at 5 stations with thicknesses of 3 m, 5 m, 10 m, 20 m, and 50 m respectively. The percentages of the wave energy attenuation were 49.5%, 53.8%, 82.9%, 91.4%, and 92.3%, with grain diameter percentages of 19.36%, 19.75%, 19.87%, and 21.27%. The higher the percentage of wave attenuation, the smaller the percentage of grains, and vice versa. When a wave arrives, the energy is so large that each large particle of the sediment in the sea is brought back to the mangrove ecosystem. When the wave disappears, the released energy gets so smaller that only small particles are taken back to the sea. The conclusion of this study is that the diameter percentage of mangrove sediment was related to the percentage of wave attenuation. The greater the percentage of wave attenuation, the smaller the percentage of grains.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH OCIMUM SANCTUM
Authors: Mat Jalil Mohd Taufiq , Raja Yahya Mohd Fakharul Zaman , Zakaria Nurul Aili , Ibrahim Darah
Published: February 2024

Endophytic fungi of the medicinal herb, Ocimum sanctum are believed to possess antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi. Due to the emergence of pathogenic fungi and antibiotic-resistant strains, the search for alternative antimicrobial agents is a need. The present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of endophytic fungi isolated from O. sanctum. Plate-to-plate method, disk diffusion assay, and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) were employed in this study. The finding revealed that fungal isolates Colletotrichum sp. IBRL OS-39, Aspergillus sp. IBRL OS-65, Muscodor sp. IBRL OS-94 and Muscodor sp. IBRL OS-98 was able to produce volatile compounds with antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi. On the disk diffusion assay, Lasiodiplodia sp. IBRL OS-64, and Muscodor sp. IBRL OS-94 displayed good antifungal activity against test fungi with a diameter of inhibition zone between 9.6±0.6 - 14.3±0.6 mm and 11.2±1.2 - 15.7±0.6 mm, respectively. SEM observations revealed remarkable morphological changes in Candida albicans treated with the dichloromethane extracts of Lasiodiplodia sp. IBRL OS-64 and Muscodor sp. IBRL OS-94 with severe cell damage beyond repair and thus leads to cell death.
THE EFFECT OF HARDENING TECHNIQUES ON WEAR RESISTANCE AND FATIGUE LIFE OF DUCTILE CAST IRON
Authors: Obaid Abdulsalam Y. , AlSamarai Riyadh A. , Ahmed Saad R. , Al-Douri Y.
Published: February 2024

Many hardening methods have been developed and proposed as an effective technology to produce microstructural modification and improvement of mechanical properties of variety metallic materials.  In this experimental study, the effects of applying laser peening (LP) and friction stir processing (FSP) methods on wear resistance and fatigue properties of selected cast iron ASTM A536, grade (80-55-06) with ferrite/pearlite microstructure were investigated. Microscopic study revealed evident refinement and crashing of graphite nodules as 50% of the basic size with FSP and 32% with LP within the processed surfaces hence improving average microhardness by 100% and 48% respectively. The wear resistance and fatigue life were increased by 33% and 122% after FSP whereas, the corresponding increments were 15% and 22% after LP in comparison with the basic ductile iron. These improvements were linked to surface hardening, compressive stresses and structural modification by the employed processes.
The Craftsmanship Footage in Yunnan Ethnic Minority Documentaries Contributes to the Construction of Regional Culture
Authors: Li Chenxiao , Yaakup Hani Salwah , Zainudin Sharifah Sofiah Syed , Razi Siti Aishah Hj Mohammad , Yu Kun
Published: February 2024

This study aims to explore the successful experiences in the portrayal and dissemination of the handicraft culture within Yunnan ethnic minority documentaries. Through exquisite visual presentations and the stories of artisans, Yunnan ethnic minority documentaries have sparked vigorous discussions on social media, played a significant role, and positively impacted the lives of many artisans. The research employs focus group methodology as the primary measurement approach, gathering materials through interactive discussions among group members. The study's findings reveal the impact of imagery narratives on the dissemination of Yunnan ethnic minority culture, emphasizing the importance of visual representation in enhancing people's understanding of traditional artisans and preserving their heritage. An authentic presentation of intangible cultural heritage maximizes public attention towards Yunnan ethnic minority artisans. Through this research, we gain in-depth insights into the successful portrayal and dissemination of handicraft culture within Yunnan ethnic minority documentaries, offering references and insights for the further enhancement of handicraft culture dissemination and preservation.
Neuropilin‐1 regulates renin synthesis in juxtaglomerular cells
Authors: Shen Yunzhu , Lotenberg Kenza , Zaworski Jeremy , Broeker Katharina A.‐E. , Vasseur Florence , Louedec Liliane , Placier Sandrine , Frère Perrine , Verpont Marie‐Christine , Galichon Pierre , Buob David , Hadchouel Juliette , Terzi Fabiola , Chatziantoniou Christos , Calmont Amélie
Published: February 2024

Renin is the key enzyme of the systemic renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, which plays an essential role in regulating blood pressure and maintaining electrolyte and extracellular volume homeostasis. Renin is mainly produced and secreted by specialized juxtaglomerular (JG) cells in the kidney. In the present study, we report for the first time that the conserved transmembrane receptor neuropilin‐1 (NRP1) participates in the development of JG cells and plays a key role in renin production. We used the myelin protein zero‐Cre (P0‐Cre) to abrogate Nrp1 constitutively in P0‐Cre lineage‐labelled cells of the kidney. We found that the P0‐Cre precursor cells differentiate into renin‐producing JG cells. We employed a lineage‐tracing strategy combined with RNAscope quantification and metabolic studies to reveal a cell‐autonomous role for NRP1 in JG cell function. Nrp1‐deficient animals displayed abnormal levels of tissue renin expression and failed to adapt properly to a homeostatic challenge to sodium balance. These findings provide new insights into cell fate decisions and cellular plasticity operating in P0‐Cre–expressing precursors and identify NRP1 as a novel key regulator of JG cell maturation.

image

Key points

Renin is a centrepiece of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and is produced by specialized juxtaglomerular cells (JG) of the kidney.

Neuropilin‐1 (NRP1) is a conserved membrane‐bound receptor that regulates vascular and neuronal development, cancer aggressiveness and fibrosis progression.

We used conditional mutagenesis and lineage tracing to show that NRP1 is expressed in JG cells where it regulates their function.

Cell‐specific Nrp1 knockout mice present with renin paucity in JG cells and struggle to adapt to a homeostatic challenge to sodium balance.

The results support the versatility of renin‐producing cells in the kidney and may open new avenues for therapeutic approaches.
Review on ultrahigh growth rate GaAs solar cells by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy
Authors: Lang Robin , Klein Christoph , Ohlmann Jens , Dimroth Frank , Lackner David
Published: February 2024

The aim of this review paper is to summarize a decade of research focused on enhancing metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth rates of GaAs, driven by the imperative for most cost-effective and energy-efficient III–V compounds’ production. While MOVPE is renowned for producing high-quality devices, it has been constrained by production cost. For example, MOVPE was traditionally thought to have moderate growth rates that limit the throughput of the cost-intensive reactors. Recent research endeavors, however, have demonstrated ultrafast growth rates, exceeding 280 μm/h, with a remarkable group III precursor utilization efficiency of over 50%. It is worth noting that even with increased growth rates, the surface quality remains unaffected in terms of roughness and morphology. Nonetheless, optoelectronic properties, such as minority carrier lifetime, deteriorate for both p- and n-doped materials under constant growth conditions. This is attributed to an increase in the defect density of arsenic antisites, particularly EL2 and HM1 defects, as revealed by deep-level transient spectroscopy investigations. Some of these losses can be mitigated by optimizing growth conditions, such as elevating the temperature and reducing the V/III ratio. The latter not only restores some of the material quality but also increases the growth rate and reduces precursor consumption. Still, fully recovering the original reference lifetimes remains a challenge. Solar cell results indicate that structures with predominantly n-type absorbers are less affected by reduced minority carrier lifetimes. A remarkable 24.5% efficiency was achieved in a GaAs single-junction solar cell grown at 120 μm/h, representing less than 1 min of growth time for the absorber layers.
Single-cell chromatin profiling reveals genetic programs activating proregenerative states in nonmyocyte cells
Authors: Dong Yanhan , Yang Yuchen , Wang Haofei , Feng Dong , Nist Elizabeth , Yapundich Nicholas , Spurlock Brian , Craft Madison , Qian Li , Liu Jiandong
Published: February 2024

Cardiac regeneration requires coordinated participation of multiple cell types whereby their communications result in transient activation of proregenerative cell states. Although the molecular characteristics and lineage origins of these activated cell states and their contribution to cardiac regeneration have been studied, the extracellular signaling and the intrinsic genetic program underlying the activation of the transient functional cell states remain largely unexplored. In this study, we delineated the chromatin landscapes of the noncardiomyocytes (nonCMs) of the regenerating heart at the single-cell level and inferred the cis-regulatory architectures and trans-acting factors that control cell type–specific gene expression programs. Moreover, further motif analysis and cell-specific genetic manipulations suggest that the macrophage-derived inflammatory signal tumor necrosis factor–α, acting via its downstream transcription factor complex activator protein–1, functions cooperatively with discrete transcription regulators to activate respective nonCM cell types critical for cardiac regeneration. Thus, our study defines the regulatory architectures and intercellular communication principles in zebrafish heart regeneration.
Discovery of a Cushing’s syndrome protein kinase A mutant that biases signaling through type I AKAPs
Authors: Omar Mitchell H. , Byrne Dominic P. , Shrestha Safal , Lakey Tyler M. , Lee Kyung-Soon , Lauer Sophia M. , Collins Kerrie B. , Daly Leonard A. , Eyers Claire E. , Baird Geoffrey S. , Ong Shao-En , Kannan Natarajan , Eyers Patrick A. , Scott John D.
Published: February 2024

Adrenal Cushing’s syndrome is a disease of cortisol hypersecretion often caused by mutations in protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PKAc). Using a personalized medicine screening platform, we discovered a Cushing’s driver mutation, PKAc-W196G, in ~20% of patient samples analyzed. Proximity proteomics and photokinetic imaging reveal that PKAc
W196G
is unexpectedly distinct from other described Cushing’s variants, exhibiting retained association with type I regulatory subunits (RI) and their corresponding A kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Molecular dynamics simulations predict that substitution of tryptophan-196 with glycine creates a 653–cubic angstrom cleft between the catalytic core of PKAc
W196G
and type II regulatory subunits (RII), but only a 395–cubic angstrom cleft with RI. Endocrine measurements show that overexpression of RIα or redistribution of PKAc
W196G
via AKAP recruitment counteracts stress hormone overproduction. We conclude that a W196G mutation in the kinase catalytic core skews R subunit selectivity and biases AKAP association to drive Cushing’s syndrome.
The spatial organization of sphingofungin biosynthesis in
Aspergillus fumigatus
and its cross-interaction with sphingolipid metabolism
Authors: Jojić Katarina , Gherlone Fabio , Cseresnyés Zoltán , Bissell Alexander U. , Hoefgen Sandra , Hoffmann Stefan , Huang Ying , Janevska Slavica , Figge Marc Thilo , Valiante Vito
Published: February 2024

Sphingofungins are sphinganine analog mycotoxins acting as inhibitors of serine palmitoyl transferases, enzymes responsible for the first step in the sphingolipid biosynthesis. Eukaryotic cells are highly organized with various structures and organelles to facilitate cellular processes and chemical reactions, including the ones occurring as part of the secondary metabolism. We studied how sphingofungin biosynthesis is compartmentalized in the human-pathogenic fungus
Aspergillus fumigatus
, and we observed that it takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER-derived vesicles, and the cytosol. This implies that sphingofungin and sphingolipid biosynthesis colocalize to some extent. Automated analysis of confocal microscopy images confirmed the colocalization of the fluorescent proteins. Moreover, we demonstrated that the cluster-associated aminotransferase (SphA) and 3-ketoreductase (SphF) play a bifunctional role, supporting sphingolipid biosynthesis, and thereby antagonizing the toxic effects caused by sphingofungin production.

IMPORTANCE

A balanced sphingolipid homeostasis is critical for the proper functioning of eukaryotic cells. To this end, sphingolipid inhibitors have therapeutic potential against diseases related to the deregulation of sphingolipid balance. In addition, some of them have significant antifungal activity, suggesting that sphingolipid inhibitors-producing fungi have evolved mechanisms to escape self-poisoning. Here, we propose a novel self-defense mechanism, with cluster-associated genes coding for enzymes that play a dual role, being involved in both sphingofungin and sphingolipid production.
Massively parallel mutant selection identifies genetic determinants of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
colonization of
Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Miles Jessica , Lozano Gabriel L. , Rajendhran Jeyaprakash , Stabb Eric V. , Handelsman Jo , Broderick Nichole A.
Published: February 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is recognized for its ability to colonize diverse habitats and cause disease in a variety of hosts, including plants, invertebrates, and mammals. Understanding how this bacterium is able to occupy wide-ranging niches is important for deciphering its ecology. We used transposon sequencing [Tn-Seq, also known as insertion sequencing (INSeq)] to identify genes in
P. aeruginosa
that contribute to fitness during the colonization of
Drosophila melanogaster
. Our results reveal a suite of critical factors, including those that contribute to polysaccharide production, DNA repair, metabolism, and respiration. Comparison of candidate genes with fitness determinants discovered in previous studies on
P. aeruginosa
identified several genes required for colonization and virulence determinants that are conserved across hosts and tissues. This analysis provides evidence for both the conservation of function of several genes across systems, as well as host-specific functions. These findings, which represent the first use of transposon sequencing of a gut pathogen in
Drosophila
, demonstrate the power of Tn-Seq in the fly model system and advance the existing knowledge of intestinal pathogenesis by
D. melanogaster,
revealing bacterial colonization determinants that contribute to a comprehensive portrait of
P. aeruginosa
lifestyles across habitats.

IMPORTANCE

Drosophila melanogaster
is a powerful model for understanding host–pathogen interactions. Research with this system has yielded notable insights into mechanisms of host immunity and defense, many of which emerged from the analysis of bacterial mutants defective for well-characterized virulence factors. These foundational studies—and advances in high-throughput sequencing of transposon mutants—support unbiased screens of bacterial mutants in the fly. To investigate mechanisms of host–pathogen interplay and exploit the tractability of this model host, we used a high-throughput, genome-wide mutant analysis to find genes that enable the pathogen
P. aeruginosa
to colonize the fly. Our analysis reveals critical mediators of
P. aeruginosa
establishment in its host, some of which are required across fly and mouse systems. These findings demonstrate the utility of massively parallel mutant analysis and provide a platform for aligning the fly toolkit with comprehensive bacterial genomics.
Asymptomatic transmission of human mpox
Authors: Mouro Margarida , Duque Vitor
Published: February 2024

Monkeypox virus belongs to the genusOrthopoxvirus. There was a worldwide mpox outbreak in 2022, with many cases reported in Europe in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men. Here, we report a case of mpox diagnosed in a heterosexual woman in her twenties without any known history of exposure. This is a very rare event. Despite lesions remaining for more than 1 month, she recovered fully with no sequelae. We highlight the diagnosis of mpox in a heterosexual woman without a known or suspected history of exposure or any risk factor for acquiring the infection.
Right-sided diaphragmatic hernia causing gastric outlet obstruction 1 month after trauma
Authors: Alfardan Nadya , Fernandes Roland , Thomas Janine
Published: February 2024

Diaphragmatic hernias arising from trauma are rare, and scarcely present in a delayed manner. This case report highlights a case of delayed presentation of a right-sided post-traumatic hernia in a woman in her early 70s following a fall. The aim of this report is to shed light on the diagnostic peculiarities and management. The woman presented with a 3-day history of abdominal pain and coffee-ground vomiting. This followed a fall a month ago. CT confirmed the diagnosis of a gastric outlet obstruction secondary to a right-sided diaphragmatic rupture. At surgery, the herniated abdominal contents were reduced, and the diaphragmatic defect was fixed. The postoperative recovery was unremarkable, and the patient was discharged on day 4. This case highlights that diaphragmatic hernias should be considered as differential diagnoses following recent trauma.
TPN ascites: an uncommon cause for acute deterioration on mechanical ventilation in a neonate with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Dalai Richie , Bhardwaj Umang , Thukral Anu
Published: February 2024

On ventilation since birth, a term neonate with an antenatally detected left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) had a sudden worsening in respiratory parameters on day 5 of life. Tube displacement, obstruction, pneumothorax and equipment failure were all ruled out. The examination revealed decreased air entry on the left side and mild abdominal fullness. The chest and abdomen radiographs revealed the absence of bowel gas with a complete whiteout of the abdominal cavity. Since birth, the neonate had received parenteral nutrition via the umbilical venous line. Keeping a possibility of ascites and pleural effusion, an abdominal sonogram was performed, timely glove drain insertion was ensured, and umbilical lines were removed. The neonate improved dramatically and underwent CDH patch repair. Given the likely distorted vascular anatomy, this case underscores the need to re-examine the umbilical venous line insertion practice on the first day in CDH neonates.
Chronic diarrhoea due to trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES) in an infant
Authors: Bharadwaj Shruthi Kumar , Mathai Sheila Samanta , Bhargava Smriti , Lewis Leslie Edward S
Published: February 2024

An infant was admitted with suspected postinfectious malabsorption with watery diarrhoea, fever and failure to thrive. She had dehydration, acute kidney injury and metabolic acidosis, which were corrected with intravenous fluids and managed with empiric antibiotics and prophylactic antifungals. She also developedEscherichia colisepsis, meningitis and Candida skin infections during hospitalisation, which were treated according to the culture reports. Intrauterine growth restriction, woolly hair and a broad nasal bridge with chronic refractory diarrhoea prompted genetic testing to rule out syndromic diarrhoea. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a pathogenic compound heterozygous mutation causing trichohepatoenteric syndrome. She succumbed to severe infections at 80 days of life. The condition is rare, and no established guidelines or specific treatments exist; the focus is to promote optimal growth through parenteral nutrition, elemental formula and infection control. Early suspicion and molecular genetic testing can help reduce the time to diagnosis, treatment and genetic counselling.
Post-traumatic transocular retained foreign body in the infratemporal fossa: a near miss
Authors: Chowdhary Stuti , Veerappan Madhavi , Peter Jayanthi , Kurien Regi
Published: February 2024

The infratemporal fossa is an uncommon site for lodgement of foreign bodies. Fast-moving projectiles and displaced teeth may get impacted and have been described in the literature. However, foreign body lodgement in the retromaxillary space after transorbital passage is rare. The trajectory of the foreign bodies in such cases is difficult to predict and may not be suspected in the absence of overt clinical features. The authors present a case of a wooden splinter lodged within the infratemporal fossa after the patient sustained a lid injury with an orbital floor fracture. Imaging was equivocal; hence, endoscopic surgical exploration was undertaken, revealing the foreign body. A high index of clinical suspicion and rapid intervention is needed since unsuspected foreign bodies may cause further visual, infective or neurovascular complications. Approaches should be tailored on a case-by-case basis.
Extreme heat, pregnancy and women’s well-being in Burkina Faso: an ethnographical study
Authors: Kadio Kadidiatou , Filippi Veronique , Congo Mariam , Scorgie Fiona , Roos Nathalie , Lusambili Adélaïde , Nakstad Britt , Kovats Sari , Kouanda Seni
Published: February 2024

Climate change is an increasing threat to the health of populations in Africa, with a shift in seasonal temperatures towards more extreme heat exposures. In Burkina Faso, like other countries in the Sahel, many women have little protection against exposure to high temperatures, either outside or inside the home or place of work. This paper investigates how women perceive the impacts of heat on their physical and mental health, in addition to their social relationships and economic activities. Qualitative methods (in-depth interviews and focus group discussions) were conducted with women, community representatives and healthcare professionals in two regions in Burkina Faso. A thematic analysis was used to explore the realities of participants’ experiences and contextual perspectives in relation to heat. Our research shows extreme temperatures have a multifaceted impact on pregnant women, mothers and newborns. Extreme heat affects women’s functionality and well-being. Heat undermines a woman’s ability to care for themselves and their child and interferes negatively with breast feeding. Heat negatively affects their ability to work and to maintain harmonious relationships with their partners and families. Cultural practices such as a taboo on taking the baby outside before the 40th day may exacerbate some of the negative consequences of heat. Most women do not recognise heat stress symptoms and lack awareness of heat risks to health. There is a need to develop public health messages to reduce the impacts of heat on health in Burkina Faso. Programmes and policies are needed to strengthen the ability of health professionals to communicate with women about best practices in heat risk management.
Prevalence of occupational moral injury and post-traumatic embitterment disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Brennan Chloe J , Roberts Carl , Cole Jon C
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Occupational moral injury and post-traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) describe the psychological distress caused by exposure to injustice at work. This meta-analysis aims to determine the prevalence of occupational moral injury and PTED and establish whether prevalence estimates differ depending on occupation.

Design

A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

Google Scholar, PubMed, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Sage Journals Online were searched in June 2020 and updated in November 2022.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Observational studies that measured prevalence or average scores of moral injury, or PTED in any occupational group and any geographical location.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent reviewers screened and coded eligible studies. Study design, participant demographics, sampling method, location, measurement tool and prevalence or average scores were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Checklist for Prevalence Studies tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models. Results that could not be combined were summarised qualitatively in a narrative synthesis using the Guidance for Systematic Reviews.

Results

In total, 88 studies across armed forces and veterans, healthcare, first responders, educators, journalists, child protection service employees, the unemployed, public-sector employees and mixed occupations were included. Studies included in each separate meta-analysis based on the measure used ranged from 2 to 30. The pooled prevalence of clinically relevant moral injury in healthcare professionals was 45%, and exposure to any potentially morally injurious event (PMIE) across occupations was 67%. Exposure to transgressions by others and betrayal was significantly lower in the armed forces than civilian occupations. Pooled prevalence of PTED across occupations was 26%.

Conclusion

Exposure to PMIEs, moral injury symptoms and PTED are prevalent at work and exposure to transgressions by others and betrayal are more likely in civilian occupations than the armed forces.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020191766.
Patient-report and caregiver-report measures of rehabilitation service use following acquired brain injury: a systematic review
Authors: McCormick Sophie , Jarvis Jessica M , Terhorst Lauren , Richardson Amanda , Kaseman Lauren , Kesbhat Aboli , Yepuri Yamini , Beyene Elizabeth , VonVille Helena , Bendixen Roxanna , Treble-Barna Amery
Published: February 2024

Objective

To review patient-report/caregiver-report measures of rehabilitation service use following acquired brain injury (ABI).

Data sources

Medline, APA PsycINFO, Embase and CINAHL were searched on November 2021 and November 2022. Authors were contacted if measures were not included in manuscripts/appendices.

Study selection

Included articles were empirical research or a research protocol, available in English and described measures of patient report/caregiver report of rehabilitation service use post-ABI via quantitative or qualitative methods. Two reviewers independently screened 5290 records using DistillerSR. Discrepancies were resolved by team adjudication.

Data extraction

Data extraction was piloted with high levels of agreement (k=.94). Data were extracted by a single member with team meetings to seek guidance as needed. Data included administration characteristics (reporter, mode of administration, recall period), psychometric evidence and dimensions assessed (types of services, setting, frequency, duration, intensity, qualitative aspects).

Data synthesis

One hundred and fifty-two measures were identified from 85 quantitative, 56 qualitative and 3 psychometric studies. Psychometric properties were reported for four measures, all of which focused on satisfaction. Most measures inquired about the type of rehabilitation services used, with more than half assessing functional (eg, physical therapy) and behavioural health rehabilitation services, but fewer than half assessing community and academic reintegration (eg, special education, vocational rehabilitation) or cognitive (eg, neuropsychology) services. Fewer than half assessed qualitative aspects (eg, satisfaction). Recall periods ranged from 1 month to ‘since the ABI event’ or focused on current use. Of measures that could be accessed (n=71), many included a limited checklist of types of services used. Very few measures assessed setting, frequency, intensity or duration.

Conclusions

Despite widespread interest, the vast majority of measures have not been validated and are limited in scope. Use of gold-standard psychometric methods to develop and validate a comprehensive patient-report/caregiver-report measure of rehabilitation service use would have wide-ranging implications for improving rehabilitation research in ABI.
Operation-specific risk of postoperative nausea: a cross-sectional study comparing 72 procedures
Authors: Komann Marcus , Rabe Yvonne , Lehmann Thomas , Dreiling Johannes , Weinmann Claudia , Kranke Peter , Meißner Winfried
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Determination of the procedure-specific, risk-adjusted probability of nausea.

Design

Cross-sectional analysis of clinical and patient-reported outcome data. We used a logistic regression model with type of operation, age, sex, preoperative opioids, antiemetic prophylaxis, regional anaesthesia, and perioperative opioids as predictors of postoperative nausea.

Setting

Data from 152 German and Austrian hospitals collected in the Quality Improvement in Postoperative Pain Treatment (QUIPS) registry from 2013 to 2022. Participants completed a validated outcome questionnaire on the first postoperative day. Operations were categorised into groups of at least 100 cases.

Participants

We included 78 231 of the 293 947 participants from the QUIPS registry. They were 18 years or older, willing and able to participate and could be assigned to exactly one operation group.

Main outcome measures

Adjusted absolute risk of nausea on the first postoperative day for 72 types of operation.

Results

The adjusted absolute risk of nausea ranged from 6.2% to 36.2% depending on the type of operation. The highest risks were found for laparoscopic bariatric operations (36.2%), open hysterectomy (30.4%), enterostoma relocation (29.8%), open radical prostatectomy (28.8%), laparoscopic colon resection (28.6%) and open sigmoidectomy (28%). In a logistic regression model, male sex (OR: 0.39, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.41, p<0.0001), perioperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis (0.73, 0.7 to 0.76, p<0.0001), intraoperative regional anaesthesia (0.88, 0.83 to 0.93, p<0.0001) and preoperative opioids for chronic pain (0.74, 0.68 to 0.81, p<0.0001) reduced the risk of nausea. Perioperative opioid use increased the OR up to 2.38 (2.17 to 2.61, p<0.0001).

Conclusions

The risk of postoperative nausea varies considerably between surgical procedures. Patients undergoing certain types of operation should receive special attention and targeted prevention strategies. Adding these findings to known predictive tools may raise awareness of the still unacceptably high incidence of nausea in certain patient groups. This may help to further reduce the prevalence of nausea.

Trial registration number

DRKS00006153; German Clinical Trials Register;https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00006153
Effects of a home-based exercise combined yoga and resistance training in enthesitis-related arthritis in China: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Mei , Li Jiaoyu , Su Yue , Guo Guimei , Chen Nan
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) is a category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The complications of JIA include pain, muscle weakness, limited movement and worsening quality of life. Yoga is an effective exercise therapy for rheumatoid arthritis and may have similar benefits for JIA. Considering the limitation of yoga for strengthening muscles, combined yoga and resistance training (CYRT) may compensate for the shortcomings and provide more benefits for JIA patients. Despite this, there is currently a lack of studies investigating the effectiveness of CYRT for JIA patients. Due to the inaccessibility of traditional exercise therapy, home-based exercise is needed. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of home-based CYRT on JIA.

Methods and analysis

This is a 12-week randomised single-blind controlled trial study. 60 patients with ERA will be randomised into two groups: the home-based exercise group (HBE) and the health education (HE) group. The HBE group (n=30) will perform the CYRT programme 3 times a week at home for 12 weeks and receive HE. The HE group (n=30) will only receive HE. The outcomes include primary outcome (pain levels) and secondary outcomes (lower limb muscle strength, motion range of joint, aerobic fitness, function ability, fatigue levels, mental health, quality of life and blood biomarkers). The assessments will be conducted at baseline, postintervention (12 weeks) and follow-up (24 weeks). Data will be analysed by intention to treat.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine in December 2023 (approval no. XHEC-C-2023-059-3). This study will require informed consent from all subjects and guardians of children under 18 years of age. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and international conferences.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2300073446.