bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Real-Time Spatiotemporal Machine Learning Framework for the Prediction of Nearshore Wave Conditions
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Ashton Ian G. C. , Steele Edward C. C. , Pillai Ajit C.
Published: December 2022

The safe and successful operation of offshore infrastructure relies on a detailed awareness of ocean wave conditions. Ongoing growth in offshore wind energy is focused on very large-scale projects, deployed in ever more challenging environments. This inherently increases both cost and complexity and therefore the requirement for efficient operational planning. To support this, we propose a new machine learning framework for the short-term forecasting of ocean wave conditions to support critical decision-making associated with marine operations. Here, an attention-based long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network approach is used to learn the short-term temporal patterns from in situ observations. This is then integrated with an existing, low computational cost spatial nowcasting model to develop a complete framework for spatiotemporal forecasting. The framework addresses the challenge of filling gaps in the in situ observations and undertakes feature selection, with seasonal training datasets embedded. The full spatiotemporal forecasting system is demonstrated using a case study based on independent observation locations near the southwest coast of the United Kingdom. Results are validated against in situ data from two wave buoy locations within the domain and compared to operational physics-based wave forecasts from the Met Office (the United Kingdom’s national weather service). For these two example locations, the spatiotemporal forecast is found to have an accuracy of R2 = 0.9083 and 0.7409 in forecasting 1-h-ahead significant wave height and R2 = 0.8581 and 0.6978 in 12-h-ahead forecasts, respectively. Importantly, this represents respectable levels of accuracy, comparable to traditional physics-based forecast products, but requires only a fraction of the computational resources.

Significance Statement

Spectral wave models, based on modeling the underlying physics and physical processes, are traditionally used to generate wave forecasts but require significant computational cost. In this study, we propose a machine learning forecasting framework developed using both in situ buoy observations and a surrogate regional numerical wave model. The proposed framework is validated against in situ measurements at two renewable energy sites and found to have very similar 12-h forecasting errors when benchmarked against the Met Office’s physics-based forecasting model but requires far less computational power. The proposed framework is highly flexible and has the potential for offering a low-cost, low computational resource approach for the provision of short-term forecasts and can operate with other types of observations and other machine learning algorithms to improve the availability and accuracy of the prediction.
Fear of crime in the context of gender and ambivalent sexism in Turkey
Authors: Türk Burcu , Hamzaoglu Nurcan , Yayak Aslı , Şenyuva Gülçin
Published: December 2022

In this study, the relationships between gender perceptions and ambivalent sexism were examined based on the fear of crime of the participants over 18. In this context, participants responded to the questions of the sociodemographic survey, gender perception scale, ambivalent sexism inventory, and fear of crime scale. According to the findings, the female participants were more frequently the victims of crime than men and more often exposed to hate crimes, sexual harassment, and domestic violence. Besides, the mean score of women’s fear of crime scale was found to be significantly higher than that of men. The mean score of the gender perception scale of female participants was significantly higher than that of men. A positive and significant relationship was found between the scores of gender perception and fear of crime scales. In other words, as gender perception increases, the fear of being a victim of a crime also increases.
Jewellery Workshops on Elephantine
Authors: Kopp Peter
Published: December 2022

The settlement of Elephantine in southern Egypt is one of the few places where a local jewellery production made from different materials can be documented. In particular, semiproducts and production waste suggest the manufacture of bracelets and beads from stone and faience from the late Old Kingdom onwards. The production waste also allows for the reconstruction of the way hippopotamus ivory was cut into bracelets. A jewellery workshop can be identified as one of the functions of a large building dating to the Thirteenth Dynasty. Here, raw materials from the surrounding desert regions, i.e., amethyst and ostrich eggshells, were processed into beads, pendants, and scarabs. Various stages of a production line show how the ostrich eggshells were made into beads. The raw material and an unfinished scarab indicate the manufacture of amethyst objects. Semiproducts in the neighbouring houses show that in that area, pendants were also cut from mother of pearl.
2023 Resolutions: It’s time to revamp your pressure injury prevention programs
Authors: Kennepp Lynda
Published: December 2022

The success of any quality improvement project begins with acknowledging problems, defining and addressing each issue in detail, and setting goals. In the case of pressure injuries, the answer is fairly simple. Reduce the number of pressure injuries. Yet, the process yielding a “means to the end” is quite complex. It not only requires a team of interdisciplinary healthcare providers and leaders to ensure success; it requires continuous effort. The intention of this article is to highlight the importance of a comprehensive Pressure Injury Prevention (PIP) program and offer guidance based on evidence. Utilizing an organized framework for planning will help healthcare providers ensure all critical steps are completed. The Standardized Pressure Injury Prevention Protocol (SPIPP) provides detail surrounding the necessary steps toward compliance with best practice guidelines. A comprehensive checklist provided within the SPIPP article is designed to discuss specific details of the PIP program. The author of this article offers a broader framework and checklist, The Pressure Injury Prevention Implementation Checklist (PIPIC) based on blending several quality improvement methodologies. Challenges associated with pressure injuries continue to affect the lives of both patients and caregivers. Entering a new year, new month, or even new day brings the opportunity for change and improvement. Revamping a PIP program requires careful thought, planning, and dedication, but it is not insurmountable. Organizing a team to address the issues and approach the task with an organized, evidence-based plan will improve the overall PIP program success.
Multiple aspects of heat generation/absorption on the hydromagnetic flow of Carreau nanofluids via nonuniform channels
Authors: Rehman Sohail , Hashim  , Ali Shah Syed Inayat , Galal Ahmed M
Published: December 2022

The use of nanofluid technology as a working fluid in specific channels has significantly improved heat exchange rate in thermal engineering applications. In fact, nonuniform channels with converging or diverging nature offer special characteristics that encourage the most favorable usage, such as flow via nozzles, diffusers, and reducers in polymer processing and flow through canals and rivers. Therefore, we present a theoretical and mathematical insight into nanofluid heat transfer and flow dynamics in nonuniform channels utilizing non-Newtonian nanofluids. The impacts of heat absorption/generation and Joule heating in a magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of Carreau nanofluids with viscous dissipation are addressed in this research. Brownian and thermophoresis diffusion are deliberated to investigate heat and mass transport mechanisms. The modeled flow equations are numerically handled using a built-in MATLAB code based on the finite difference approach (bvp4c) for velocity, temperature, and concentration fields. The consequences of the variable magnetic field, heat absorption/generation, and numerous physical parameters on the temperature and concentration field are surveyed. The results indicate that the increasing values of heat generation/absorption parameter and Eckert number significantly enhances the temperature profiles in convergent channel. In addition, a similar behavior is observed for higher Prandtl number. An assessment of solutions achieved in this article is made with existing data in the literature.
Sensor fusion model for weld quality monitoring in friction stir welding process using machine learning technique
Authors: Das Bipul , Ramon Jasper
Published: December 2022

Weld quality monitoring in welding processes is not new and many research works have been carried in this area. Sensor information based methodologies have been developed to an appreciable extent and many found its recognition in many industrial applications. The current study will present an approach of monitoring weld quality in friction stir welding process with sensor fusion technique. Real-time signals acquired using force and tool rotational speed sensors are fused at two levels. First level of fusion is performed at signal level and next level of fusion is performed at feature level. The results obtained from sensor fusion approach are compared with the results obtained with monitoring using individual sensors. Support vector machine based regression models are developed for the joint quality prediction. It is observed that the machine learning model developed with fused signal features results in prediction accuracy of 99.16% and the same obtained with only process parameters results in prediction accuracy of 95.34%. The proposed research work can be used as the first line of model for estimation of joint qualities in an industrial environment.
Mixing enhancement of passive type T-mixer through shape optimization
Authors: Shasidhar Rampalli , Raju V. R. K. , Das Sharmili
Published: December 2022

This study looked at optimizing the geometrical shape of a simple T-mixer using Bernstein polynomials-based shape optimization technique to improve the mixing of the T-mixer. Passive micromixers of planar geometry are preferred in a wide range of applications such as lab-on-chips and chemical processing applications, due to their ease of fabrication and low processing costs. Studies conducted on T-mixers have revealed that the performance of T-mixers at low Re (<30) is dismal. At low Reynolds number flows, the mixing is completely dominated by diffusion because of laminar flow conditions. In the present work, an attempt to improve the mixing performance of the T-mixer was made and a nearly three-fold improvement in performance was reported. The adjoint-based shape optimization technique was employed to optimize the wall profile without losing the advantage of the ease of fabrication. The T-mixer boundaries were represented parametrically using Bernstein polynomials that could take any shape within a constrained plane. Different shapes can be generated for different polynomial orders. A limit on the minimum channel thickness (60 microns) was imposed, while the inlet and outlet boundary lengths were fixed. For this particular geometry, the 12th-order polynomial exhibits an optimized shape for maximum mixing performance. The optimized shape of the T-mixer also shows significant improvement in mixing compared to a conventional T-mixer with a reduced channel thickness of 60 microns.
Stall nonlinear aeroelastic effects and active control of thin-walled composite blade with piezoelectric patches embedded
Authors: Liu Tingrui , Cui Qinghu , Zhao Kang , Gong Ailing
Published: December 2022

Stall nonlinear flutter behavior and active control of anisotropic composite blade have been investigated based on piezoelectric actuation. The blade body comprises an elliptical composite host structure and a lightweight honeycomb skin structure. The composite blade with elliptical section is modeled as a thin-walled beam structure with circumferential asymmetric stiffness (CAS) configuration, exhibiting transverse shear deformation, warping restraint effect, and vertical bending, with structural tailoring implemented. The stall-induced flutter suppression and nonlinear aeroelastic effects of linearized dynamic response characteristics of blade incorporating stall nonlinear aerodynamic model are investigated. The nonlinear aeroelastic coupled equations are reduced to ordinary equations by the Galerkin method, with the aerodynamic force decomposed by strip theory. Active feedback control based on boundary moment control strategy is developed to enhance the vibrational behavior and dynamic response to aerodynamic excitation and stabilize structures that might be damaged in the absence of control. Various active feedback control schemes tuned by optimal proportional-derivative (PD) controller are implemented. The excellent control effect is not only confirmed by the time response with its vibration amplitude greatly suppressed but also confirmed by the frequency change and comparison. The research provides a way for rare study of amplitude suppression of stall nonlinear aeroelastic effect of thin-walled composite blade with CAS configuration and piezoelectric patches embedded.
Nisha Files a Complaint
Authors: Kundu Debashish , Thakur Aditi
Published: December 2022

The case discusses a pressing problem that a Human Resource (HR) Lead was confronted with. A female colleague in the organization had filed a complaint of sexual harassment against a senior male colleague. The HR Lead had never dealt with such a case before and was worried about how to go about the enquiry process and resolve the matter based on the laws applicable in India. This complaint was received at such a stage in the organizational lifecycle when the organization—Kapoor Housing Finance Limited (KHFL) had acquired another organization—Munich Home Finance Limited (MHFL) which was the Indian subsidiary of a multinational bank. While in the short run, the complaint of sexual harassment was seemingly important, however, in the long run, this complaint could be a sign of deeper issues that might have emerged due to the recent organizational change process of Merger and Acquisition (M&A) that the organization and its employees were witnessing. The employees of both the firms could be under stress because of changing expectations and uncertainties arising from restructuring, reshuffling and fear of relocation and layoffs, etc. How should the managers deal with changing dynamics arising out of the organizational change? The case attempts at finding solutions to the problems to increase the level of co-operation, trust and collaboration among the employees.
Lest We Forget the Parent in the Parent-Adolescent Dance!
Authors: Sharma Eesha , Golhar Tejas
Published: December 2022

Adolescence is a developmental stage with rapid, and dynamic, biological and social changes in an individual. These changes add to the vulnerabilities for mental health morbidity. Adolescents today live and grow at the center of a layered, globalized, hyper-connected world where proximate and distal environments constantly influence each other. Parenting is part of the most proximate of the environmental layers, and is purported to have a protective and supportive role for adolescents. This editorial reflects upon challenges in parenting adolescents, and the need for nuanced re-examinations of the role of parenting in today’s globalized, hyper-connected, yet isolating, constantly changing environments.
Methodologies for the Apocalypse: Unthinking the Thinkable
Authors: Koro Mirka , Wolgemuth Jennifer
Published: December 2022

In this conceptual paper, we speculate on some goals and methodologies for social inquiry responsive to a viral and potentially unthinkable world. Rather than following old methodological scripts and validated practices, we imagine fluid, responsive, and urgent methodologies as needed responses to better show and vividly document our progression toward a possible (methodological) “apocalypse.” As such a real/imaginary apocalypse enables us to (un)think what is currently thinkable, to postulate, speculate, and hesitate as we stretch to imagine inquiry and knowing in more immediate, deeply responsive, and responsible ways.
Differences in the Relationships Between Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, Balance Function, and Quality of Life for Middle-Aged and Older Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Morishita Shinichiro , Kasahara Ryuichi , Yamamoto Yuichi , Jinbo Ryohei , Takano Aya , Yasuda Mitsuhiko , Tsubaki Atsuhiro , Aoki Osamu , Fu Jack B. , Tsuji Tetsuya
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in muscle strength, muscle mass, balance function, and quality of life (QOL) among middle-aged breast cancer survivors (BCSs) and older BCSs.

Methods:

The study included 53 middle-aged (<65 years old) BCSs and 49 older (≥65 years old) BCSs. Muscle strength was evaluated via handgrip and knee extensor strength, and muscle mass was assessed using a body composition test. Balance function was assessed using the Timed Up and Go test and the body sway test. QOL was assessed using the Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey.

Results:

The older BCSs had significantly lower right grip strength, right knee extension strength, and muscle mass ( P < .05) than the middle-aged BCSs. In addition, the body sway test showed that older BCSs had a significant increase in the length of center of pressure compared to middle-aged BCSs ( P < .05). Older BCSs showed significantly lower physical functioning subscales in QOL compared to middle-aged BCSs ( P < .05). The associations among muscle strength, muscle mass and QOL were more significantly observed in the older BCSs ( P < .05). Furthermore, a significant correlation between QOL and balance function was observed in the older BCSs, but not in the middle-aged BCSs ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

There may be associations among muscle strength, muscle mass, balance and QOL in older BCSs, but not in middle-aged BCSs. We believe that the findings of this study will be relevant in the context of planning rehabilitation for older BCSs.
An Initial Conceptualization of Algorithm Responsiveness: Comparing Perceptions of Algorithms Across Social Media Platforms
Authors: Taylor Samuel Hardman , Choi Mina
Published: December 2022

Human–algorithm interaction has emerged as a pressing area in social media research because algorithms curate and govern most communication on social media. In the present study, we focus on the perceptions people have of algorithms as it relates to their identity and goals. Bridging interpersonal communication theory into human–algorithm interactions, we explicate the concepts of perceived algorithm responsiveness (PAR) and perceived algorithm insensitivity (PAI). In two preregistered studies, we examine PAR and PAI across the social media ecology, finding that TikTok has a higher PAR and lower PAI compared with Facebook and Instagram. Data suggest that algorithm awareness is only weakly correlated with PAR or PAI, and that PAR was a significant predictor of people’s social media enjoyment. These results contribute to research on human–algorithm interaction by conceptualizing and testing two new theoretical concepts to explain the algorithm responsiveness process.
Effects of prior antiplatelet use on futile reperfusion in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving endovascular treatment
Authors: Sohn Jong-Hee , Kim Chulho , Lee Minwoo , Kim Yerim , Jung Mo Hee , Yu Kyung-Ho , Lee Sang-Hwa
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

We evaluated the effects of prior antiplatelet use (APU) on futile reperfusion (FR) after endovascular treatment (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke.

Material and methods:

We consecutively collected data of 9369 patients with acute ischemic stroke from four university-affiliated multicenter registry databases over 92 months. We enrolled 528 patients with acute stroke receiving EVT. Among them, we defined FR in subjects as a 3-month modified Rankin Scale score of >2 despite successful reperfusion after EVT. We classified patients into two groups: prior APU and no prior APU. We used propensity score matching (PSM) to overcome the imbalance in multiple covariates between the two groups. After PSM, we compared the baseline characteristics between the two groups and performed multivariate analysis to determine whether prior APU affected FR and other stroke outcomes.

Results:

The overall FR rate in the present study was 54.2%. In the PSM cohort, the FR was lower in the prior APU group than that in the no prior APU group (66.2% vs 41.5%, p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis using the PSM cohort, prior APU significantly reduced the risk of FR (odds ratio (OR), 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.18–0.55; p = 0.001) and stroke progression (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.15–0.93; p = 0.03). Prior APU was not associated with symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation in this study.

Conclusion:

Prior APU potentially reduced FR and stroke progression. Further, prior APU was not associated with symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation in patients receiving EVT. APU pretreatment can be a modifiable predictor of FR in clinical practice.
Seasonal Migration and Child’s Schooling: A Survival Approach
Authors: Sengupta Susmita , Guchhait Sanat Kumar
Published: December 2022

The article opts to investigate the long-term effects of parental seasonal migration on a child’s access to school education. The phenomenon of seasonal migration ‘leaving child at home’ or ‘accompanied by’ is a very common feature in the Purulia district where migration is the only viable option to sustain livelihood in lean-agricultural season. Although parents’ migration in such areas seems to be essential for the family economy, lack of parental care is found to be responsible for academic and psychological non-adjustment that affects a child’s education to a great extent. The Cox Regression Hazard Model and the Kaplan–Meier Estimator analysis of school participation have been employed to explore the survival probability of children at varying contexts, viz. migration status, gender, caste and age. The result shows the negative impact of parental migration on school participation of left-behind children leading to early dropout before the completion of the school education cycle.
Serrated polyp detection rate in colonoscopies performed by gastrointestinal fellows
Authors: Heckroth Matthew , Eiswerth Michael , Elmasry Mohamed , Gala Khushboo , Cai Wenjing , Diamond Scott , Shine Amal , Liu David , Liu Nanlong , Tholkage Sudaraka , Kong Maiying , Parajuli Dipendra
Published: December 2022

Background:

Clinically significant serrated polyp detection rate (CSSDR) and proximal serrated polyp detection rate (PSDR) have been suggested as the potential quality benchmarks for colonoscopy (CSSDR = 7% and PSDR = 11%) in comparison to the established benchmark adenoma detection rate (ADR). Another emerging milestone is the detection rate of lateral spreading lesions (LSLs).

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate CSSDR, PSDR, ADR, and LSL detection rates among gastrointestinal (GI) fellows performing a colonoscopy. A secondary aim was to evaluate patient factors associated with the detection rates of these lesions.

Design and Methods:

A retrospective review of 799 colonoscopy reports was performed. GI fellow details, demographic data, and pathology found on colonoscopy were collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with CSSDR, PSDR, ADR, and LSL detection rates. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

For our patient population, the median age was 58 years; 396 (49.8%) were male and 386 (48.6%) were African American. The 15 GI fellows ranged from first (F1), second (F2), or third (F3) year of training. We found an overall CSSDR of 4.4%, PSDR of 10.5%, ADR of 42.1%, and LSL detection rate of 3.2%. Female gender was associated with CSSDR, while only age was associated with PSDR. GI fellow level of training was associated with LSL detection rate, with the odds of detecting them expected to be four times higher in F2/F3s than F1s.

Conclusion:

Although GI fellows demonstrated an above-recommended ADR and nearly reached target PSDR, they failed to achieve target CSSDR. Future studies investigating a benchmark for LSL detection rate are needed to quantify if GI fellows are detecting these lesions at adequate rates.
Decoding the Virtual 2D Map of the Chloroplast Proteomes
Authors: Mohanta Tapan Kumar , Mohanta Yugal Kishore , Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Published: December 2022

Background

The chloroplast is a semi-autonomous organelle having its own genome and corresponding proteome. Although chloroplast genomes have been reported, no reports exist on their corresponding proteomes. Therefore, a proteome-wide analysis of the chloroplast proteomes of 2893 species was conducted, and a virtual 2D map was constructed.

Results

The resulting virtual 2D map of the chloroplast proteome exhibited a bimodal distribution. The molecular mass of the chloroplast proteome ranged from 0.448 to 616.334 kDa, and the isoelectric point (pI) ranged from 2.854 to 12.954. Chloroplast proteomes were dominated by basic pI proteins with an average pI of 7.852. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of chloroplast proteome were found to show bimodal distribution. Leu was the most abundant and Cys the least abundant amino acid in the chloroplast proteome. Notably, Trp amino acid was absent in the chloroplast protein sequences of Pilostyles aethiopica. In addition, Selenocysteine (Sec) and Pyrrolysine (Pyl) amino acids were also found to be lacking in the chloroplast proteomes.

Conclusion

The virtual 2D map and amino acid composition of chloroplast proteome will enable the researchers to understand the biochemistry of chloroplast protein in detail. Further, the amino acid composition of the chloroplast proteome will also allow us to understand the codon usage bias. The codon usage bias and amino acid usage bias of chloroplast will be crucial to understanding their relationship.
An insight into cancer palaeobiology: does the Mesozoic neoplasm support tissue organization field theory of tumorigenesis?
Authors: Surmik Dawid , Słowiak-Morkovina Justyna , Szczygielski Tomasz , Kamaszewski Maciej , Kalita Sudipta , Teschner Elżbieta M. , Dróżdż Dawid , Duda Piotr , Rothschild Bruce M. , Konietzko-Meier Dorota
Published: December 2022

Background

Neoplasms are common across the animal kingdom and seem to be a feature plesiomorphic for metazoans, related with an increase in somatic complexity. The fossil record of cancer complements our knowledge of the origin of neoplasms and vulnerability of various vertebrate taxa. Here, we document the first undoubted record of primary malignant bone tumour in a Mesozoic non-amniote. The diagnosed osteosarcoma developed in the vertebral intercentrum of a temnospondyl amphibian, Metoposaurus krasiejowensis from the Krasiejów locality, southern Poland.

Results

A wide array of data collected from gross anatomy, histology, and microstructure of the affected intercentrum reveals the tumour growth dynamics and pathophysiological aspects of the neoplasm formation on the histological level. The pathological process almost exclusively pertains to the periosteal part of the bone composed from a highly vascularised tissue with lamellar matrix. The unorganised arrangement of osteocyte lacunae observed in the tissue is characteristic for bone tissue types connected with static osteogenesis, and not for lamellar bone. The neoplastic bone mimics on the structural level the fast growing fibrolamellar bone, but on the histological level develops through a novel ossification type. The physiological process of bone remodelling inside the endochondral domain continued uninterrupted across the pathology of the periosteal part.

Conclusions

Based on the results, we discuss our case study’s consistence with the Tissue Organization Field Theory of tumorigenesis, which locates the causes of neoplastic transformations in disorders of tissue architecture.
Methodology of the INVestigating traIning assoCiated blasT pAthology (INVICTA) study
Authors: Roy Michael J. , Keyser David O. , Rowe Sheilah S. , Hernandez Rene S. , Dovel Marcia , Romero Holland , Lee Diana , Menezes Matthew , Magee Elizabeth , Brooks Danielle J. , Lai Chen , Gill Jessica , Wiri Suthee , Metzger Elizabeth , Werner J. Kent , Brungart Douglas , Kulinski Devon M. , Nathan Dominic , Carr Walter S.
Published: December 2022

Background

Subconcussive blast exposure during military training has been the subject of both anecdotal concerns and reports in the medical literature, but prior studies have often been small and have used inconsistent methods.

Methods

This paper presents the methodology employed in INVestigating traIning assoCiated blasT pAthology (INVICTA) to assess a wide range of aspects of brain function, including immediate and delayed recall, gait and balance, audiologic and oculomotor function, cerebral blood flow, brain electrical activity and neuroimaging and blood biomarkers.

Results

A number of the methods employed in INVICTA are relatively easy to reproducibly utilize, and can be completed efficiently, while other measures require greater technical expertise, take longer to complete, or may have logistical challenges.

Conclusions

This presentation of methods used to assess the impact of blast exposure on the brain is intended to facilitate greater uniformity of data collection in this setting, which would enable comparison between different types of blast exposure and environmental circumstances, as well as to facilitate meta-analyses and syntheses across studies.
Performance and comparison of artificial intelligence and human experts in the detection and classification of colonic polyps
Authors: Li Ming-De , Huang Ze-Rong , Shan Quan-Yuan , Chen Shu-Ling , Zhang Ning , Hu Hang-Tong , Wang Wei
Published: December 2022

Objective

The main aim of this study was to analyze the performance of different artificial intelligence (AI) models in endoscopic colonic polyp detection and classification and compare them with doctors with different experience.

Methods

We searched the studies on Colonoscopy, Colonic Polyps, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning published before May 2020 in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and the citation index of the conference proceedings. The quality of studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 table of diagnostic test quality evaluation criteria. The random-effects model was calculated using Meta-DISC 1.4 and RevMan 5.3.

Results

A total of 16 studies were included for meta-analysis. Only one study (1/16) presented externally validated results. The area under the curve (AUC) of AI group, expert group and non-expert group for detection and classification of colonic polyps were 0.940, 0.918, and 0.871, respectively. AI group had slightly lower pooled specificity than the expert group (79% vs. 86%, P < 0.05), but the pooled sensitivity was higher than the expert group (88% vs. 80%, P < 0.05). While the non-experts had less pooled specificity in polyp recognition than the experts (81% vs. 86%, P < 0.05), and higher pooled sensitivity than the experts (85% vs. 80%, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The performance of AI in polyp detection and classification is similar to that of human experts, with high sensitivity and moderate specificity. Different tasks may have an impact on the performance of deep learning models and human experts, especially in terms of sensitivity and specificity.
Antibiotic resistance of uropathogens among the community-dwelling pregnant and nonpregnant female: a step towards antibiotic stewardship
Authors: Mohapatra Sarita , Venugopal Shwetha J. , Kalaivani Mani , Kant Shashi , Tak Vibhor , Panigrahy Rajashree , Chunchanur Sneha K. , Kocher Deepak , Behera Birasen , Pundir Swati , Chaudhuri Susmita , Gautam Hitender , Sood Seema , Das Bimal Kumar , Kapil Arti , Kumar Arvind , Kumari Rajesh , Ambica R. , Hari Pankaj , Malhotra Sumit , Salve Harsal Ramesh ,   CAUTION-ED Study (Community-acquired UTI, Emerging Drug Resistance), Mohapatra Sarita , Venugopal Shwetha J. , Tak Vibhor , Panigrahy Rajashree , KChunchanur Sneha , Chaudhuri Susmita , Hari Pankaj , Das Suren , Raghav Pankaja Ravi , Kant Shashi
Published: December 2022

Background

Indiscriminate and widespread use of antibiotics has resulted in emergence of many antibiotic-resistant organisms. Antibiotic administration during pregnancy is mostly avoided, unless there is compelling medical condition. We hypothesized that the uropathogens isolated from pregnant women would be more susceptible to antibiotics compared to those isolated from nonpregnant women, thus will be helpful in formulating separate empiric guideline for pregnant women based on the resistance pattern.

Methods

This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 2 years in which females with the clinical diagnosis of either cystitis or asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy were included from the community settings. Uropathogen species and their antimicrobial resistance pattern were compared between the pregnant and nonpregnant groups. After accounting for centre-to-centre variation and adjusting for age and socio-economic status, the adjusted odds ratio for antibiotic resistance was calculated and compared between pregnant and nonpregnant women using logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 1758 women (pregnant: 43.3%; nonpregnant: 56.6%) were screened in the study over a period of 2 years, out of which 9.3% (163/1758) were having significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the two commonest uropathogen in both the groups; their prevalence being 83.6% in pregnant women and 85.2% in nonpregnant women, respectively. Resistance against ampicillin, cefixime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were found significantly lower in the pregnant women compared to nonpregnant. After adjusting the age and socio-economic status accounting for centre-to-centre variation, the odds of resistance for cefixime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and co-trimoxazole were found lower and statistically significant among the pregnant women group.

Conclusions

The antimicrobial resistance was significantly higher among the community-dwelling nonpregnant women compared to pregnant women in case of few antibiotics. The study highlighted the need of building local antibiogram that could help to initiate the empirical treatment and thus prevent emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
Phylogenetic analysis of congenital rubella virus from Indonesia: a case report
Authors: Herini Elisabeth Siti , Triono Agung , Iskandar Kristy , Nuady Albaaza , Pujiastuti Lucia Hetty , Marcellus  , Nugrahanto Andika Priamas , Kamal Musthofa , Gunadi
Published: December 2022

Background

Rubella is a common inherited infection resulting in congenital cataracts and a significant cause of permanent vision loss in developing countries. In 2016, Indonesia had the highest number of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) cases globally. Here, we report the first genotype of the rubella virus extracted from the eye lens from a child with congenital cataracts due to CRS.

Case presentation

A female neonate was delivered by an elective caesarean delivery with normal birth weight at term from a 24-year-old mother in the rural setting. The baby presented with bilateral congenital cataracts, small-moderate secundum atrial septal defect, severe supravalvular pulmonary stenosis, and profound bilateral hearing loss. She also had microcephaly and splenomegaly. The patient's serology showed persistent positive IgG for rubella virus at the age of four years and four months. Following extraction during cataract surgery, viral detection of the lenses identified the presence of rubella. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the virus was grouped into genotype 1E.

Conclusions

Our study reports the first phylogenetic analysis of the rubella virus extracted from the eye lens of a child with CRS in Indonesia. The detection of the rubella virus from eye lenses is remarkably promising. Our findings also emphasize the importance of molecular epidemiology in tracking the origin of rubella infection toward achieving virus eradication.
Study on the influence of meteorological factors on influenza in different regions and predictions based on an LSTM algorithm
Authors: Zhu Hansong , Chen Si , Lu Wen , Chen Kaizhi , Feng Yulin , Xie Zhonghang , Zhang Zhifang , Li Lingfang , Ou Jianming , Chen Guangmin
Published: December 2022

Background

Influenza epidemics pose a threat to human health. It has been reported that meteorological factors (MFs) are associated with influenza. This study aimed to explore the similarities and differences between the influences of more comprehensive MFs on influenza in cities with different economic, geographical and climatic characteristics in Fujian Province. Then, the information was used to predict the daily number of cases of influenza in various cities based on MFs to provide bases for early warning systems and outbreak prevention.

Method

Distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs) were used to analyse the influence of MFs on influenza in different regions of Fujian Province from 2010 to 2021. Long short-term memory (LSTM) was used to train and model daily cases of influenza in 2010–2018, 2010–2019, and 2010–2020 based on meteorological daily values. Daily cases of influenza in 2019, 2020 and 2021 were predicted. The root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) were used to quantify the accuracy of model predictions.

Results

The cumulative effect of low and high values of air pressure (PRS), air temperature (TEM), air temperature difference (TEMD) and sunshine duration (SSD) on the risk of influenza was obvious. Low (< 979 hPa), medium (983 to 987 hPa) and high (> 112 hPa) PRS were associated with a higher risk of influenza in women, children aged 0 to 12 years, and rural populations. Low (< 9 °C) and high (> 23 °C) TEM were risk factors for influenza in four cities. Wind speed (WIN) had a more significant effect on the risk of influenza in the ≥ 60-year-old group. Low (< 40%) and high (> 80%) relative humidity (RHU) in Fuzhou and Xiamen had a significant effect on influenza. When PRS was between 1005–1015 hPa, RHU > 60%, PRE was low, TEM was between 10–20 °C, and WIN was low, the interaction between different MFs and influenza was most obvious. The RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and SMAPE evaluation indices of the predictions in 2019, 2020 and 2021 were low, and the prediction accuracy was high.

Conclusion

All eight MFs studied had an impact on influenza in four cities, but there were similarities and differences. The LSTM model, combined with these eight MFs, was highly accurate in predicting the daily cases of influenza. These MFs and prediction models could be incorporated into the influenza early warning and prediction system of each city and used as a reference to formulate prevention strategies for relevant departments.
What did the pandemic teach us about effective health communication? Unpacking the COVID-19 infodemic
Authors: Cooks Eric J. , Vilaro Melissa J. , Dyal Brenda W. , Wang Shu , Mertens Gillian , Raisa Aantaki , Kim Bumsoo , Campbell-Salome Gemme , Wilkie Diana J. , Odedina Folake , Johnson-Mallard Versie , Yao Yingwei , Krieger Janice L.
Published: December 2022

Background

The spread of unvetted scientific information about COVID-19 presents a significant challenge to public health, adding to the urgency for increased understanding of COVID-19 information-seeking preferences that will allow for the delivery of evidence-based health communication. This study examined factors associated with COVID-19 information-seeking behavior.

Methods

An online survey was conducted with US adults (N = 1800) to identify key interpersonal (e.g., friends, health care providers) and mediated (e.g., TV, social media) sources of COVID-19 information. Logistic regression models were fitted to explore correlates of information-seeking.

Results

Study findings show that the first sought and most trusted sources of COVID-19 information had different relationships with sociodemographic characteristics, perceived discrimination, and self-efficacy. Older adults had greater odds of seeking information from print materials (e.g., newspapers and magazines) and TV first. Participants with less educational attainment and greater self-efficacy preferred interpersonal sources first, with notably less preference for mass media compared to health care providers. Those with more experiences with discrimination were more likely to seek information from friends, relatives, and co-workers. Additionally, greater self-efficacy was related to increased trust in interpersonal sources.

Conclusion

Study results have implications for tailoring health communication strategies to reach specific subgroups, including those more vulnerable to severe illness from COVID-19. A set of recommendations are provided to assist in campaign development.
Influencing factors of weak grip strength and fall: a study based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
Authors: Liu Hao , Hou Yunfei , Li Hu , Lin Jianhao
Published: December 2022

Background

Fall is a major cause of mortality and cause a significant burden on the healthcare system and economic system. Weak grip strength signifies impaired function. Older people with weak grip strength are at a higher risk of death. China has the largest ageing population in the world today. This study aims to analyze the factors contributing to weak grip strength and fall among Chinese.

Methods

This study analyzed data from the 2011 baseline and 2015 follow-up survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). To identify the risk factors of fall and weak grip strength, we used a stepwise multivariable logistic regression model and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model.

Results

In the LASSO regression model, all the risk factors were not shrunken. In the stepwise logistic regression model, adjusted for gender, age, grip strength, depression, and chronic disease, we found that female (aOR = 1.376, 95% CI = 1.243–1.523; P < 0.001), history of ischemic stroke (aOR = 1.786, 95% CI = 1.263–2.524; P = 0.001), depression (aOR = 1.559, 95% CI = 1.396–1.742; P < 0.001), weak grip strength (aOR = 1.285, 95% CI = 1.105–1.494; P = 0.001), older age (aOR = 1.227, 95% CI = 1.163–1.294; P < 0.001), rheumatoid arthritis (aOR = 1.410, 95% CI = 1.270–1.560; P < 0.001), history of kidney disease (aOR = 1.383, 95% CI = 1.136–1.682; P = 0.001) were factors associated with fall significantly. After further adjusting, we found the risk factors of weak grip strength included symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (aOR = 1.755, 95% CI 1.158–2.661; P = 0.008), living in rural area (aOR = 2.056, 95% CI 1.290–3.277; P = 0.002), depression (aOR = 1.523, 95% CI 1.116–2.078; P = 0.008), older age (aOR = 2.116, 95% CI 1.801–2.486; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

From the study, we found that older age and depression were risk factors of weak grip strength and fall. Weak grip strength was a risk factor of fall. Female, ischemic stroke, kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis were risk factors of fall; living in rural area and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis were risk factors of weak grip strength.
Socio-demographic determinants of knowledge, attitude and practices towards food safety among Lebanese population during the economic crisis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Haidari Rana El , Fahes Fatima , Makke Fatima , Nouredine Fatima , Baydoun Kassem , Mansour Samir , Hoballah Abbas
Published: December 2022

Background

Lebanon has been gripped by an economic crisis and the local currency has lost more than 90% of its value; besides, a lack of consistent electricity supply which has contributed to rising concerns about food safety especially among households. This study aimed to assess Lebanese society knowledge, attitude and practice towards food safety during the economic crisis.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lebanon between September 5 and January 30, 2021. Data was collected through an online survey that included information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practice of Lebanese consumers towards food safety. Two multivariate regression models were performed on the knowledge and practices as a dependent variable. 95% confidence interval was calculated. All tests were two-sided and statistical significance was set atp-value < 0.05.

Results

The majority of participants had good knowledge regarding food safety (74.9%) while more than half of the respondents adopted good preventive practices (62.8%). Multivariate regression of factors associated with good knowledge regarding food safety showed married participants (adjusted OR = 2.1;p < 0.0001), who had university degree and above (adjusted OR = 2.0;p < 0.0001), and who had income < 1,500,000 LBP (adjusted OR = 1.7;p < 0.0001) had a significantly good knowledge score compared to their counterparts. Finally, participants aged more than 35 years old and who had income higher than 1,500,000 LBP (adjusted OR = 1.8;p < 0.0001 and adjusted OR = 1.9;p = 0.01 respectively) were positively associated to good practice towards food safety.

Conclusion

This study offers useful insights into the knowledge, attitude and practices of Lebanese consumers towards food safety during the economic crisis.
Treadmill training mitigates bone deterioration via inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase1/IL-1β signaling in aged rats
Authors: Wu Qi , Zhong Peirui , Ning Pengyun , Tan Lu , Huang Xiarong , Peng Ting , Yin Linwei , Luo Fu , Qu Mengjian , Zhou Jun
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Although aerobic physical exercise may improve osteoporosis during ageing, the underlying mechanism of the favorable effects remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the localized and generalized proinflammatory indicators and the adaptive skeletal responses to treadmill training in aged rats to explore the potential mechanisms by which treadmill training impacts bone deterioration in a natural aged rat model.

Materials and methods

A total of 24 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were included in this study. Sixteen of all these animals were twenty-four months natural aged male SD rats, which were distributed into two groups (n = 8/group): AC group with sham treadmill training, and AT group with 8 weeks treadmill training. The remaining 8 were six months male SD rats matched subline and supplier, which were used as the adult control group with sham treadmill training (YC group, n = 8). The serum, bone marrow, fresh femur, tibia, and lumbar spine were harvested for molecular biological analysis, bone mineral density (BMD) testing, and micro-CT analysis after 8 weeks of treadmill training.

Results

After 8 weeks of intervention, the results showed that treadmill training increased BMD and inhibited deterioration of bone microarchitecture of hind limb bones. Further analysis showed that treadmill training increased serum P1CP concentration and decreased serum CTX-1level. Interestingly, treadmill training down-regulated the protein expressions of proinflammatory indicators, including NLRP3, proCaspase1, cleaved Caspase1, IL-1β, and GSDMD-N, and the mRNA levels of NLRP3, Caspase1, and IL-1β of the bone marrow. In addition, treadmill training also inhibited serum TNF-α and IL-1β concentration. However, 8 weeks of treadmill training did not increase BMD and bone microarchitecture in the lumbar spine.

Conclusion

Treadmill training mitigates the ageing-induced bone loss and reverses the deterioration of bone microarchitecture in hind limbs probably through inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase1/IL-1β signaling to attenuate low-grade inflammation and improve the inflammatory bone microenvironment.