bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryptic diversity begets challenges and opportunities in biodiversity research
Authors: CHENG Rui , LUO Arong , ORR Michael , GE Deyan , HOU Zhong'e , QU Yanhua , GUO Baocheng , ZHANG Feng , SHA Zhongli , ZHAO Zhe , WANG Mingqiang , SHI Xiaoyu , HAN Hongxiang , ZHOU Qingsong , LI Yuanning , LIU Xingyue , SHAO Chen , ZHANG Aibing , ZHOU Xin , ZHU Chaodong
Published: January 2024

How many species of life are there on Earth? This is a question that we want to know but cannot yet answer. Some scholars speculate that the number of species may reach 2.2 billion when considering cryptic diversity and that each morphology‐based insect species may contain an average of 3.1 cryptic species. With nearly two million described species, such high estimates of cryptic diversity would suggest that cryptic species are widespread. The development of molecular species delimitation has led to the discovery of a large number of cryptic species, and cryptic biodiversity has gradually entered our field of vision and attracted more attention. This paper introduces the concept of cryptic species, how they evolve, and methods by which they may be discovered and confirmed, and provides theoretical and methodological guidance for the study of hidden species. A workflow of how to confirm cryptic species is provided. In addition, the importance and reliability of multi‐evidence‐based integrated taxonomy are reaffirmed as a way to better standardize decision‐making processes. Special focus on cryptic diversity and increased funding for taxonomy is needed to ensure that cryptic species in hyperdiverse groups are discoverable and described. An increased focus on cryptic species in the future will naturally arise as more difficult groups are studied, and thereby, we may finally better understand the rules governing the evolution and maintenance of cryptic biodiversity.
Relationships between protein and other chemical composition and texture of tofu made from soybeans grown in different locations
Authors: Chen Ruiqi , Chang Sam K. C. , Gillen Anne M. , Chen Pengyin , Zhang Bo
Published: January 2024

Understanding quantitative relationships between protein and other chemical components in diverse soybean genotypes (lines) grown in different locations and the firmness of tofu can provide scientific insight for selecting soybean suitable for tofu making. Locations showed significant effects on seed components, including total protein, major storage proteins, subunits and polypeptides of the major storage proteins, and calcium, but not magnesium or phytic acid. Results showed that 11S content, but not 11S/7S ratio, was only correlated with filled tofu firmness when analyzed over all locations. A strong and positive correlation between firmness and A3 polypeptide of the 11S protein content was found for both pressed tofu (r = 0.80, p < 0.001) and filled tofu (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) over three locations (overall pooled data) and within most individual locations. The correlation of filled tofu firmness and A3 polypeptide was significant for each of the three individual locations. However, the correlation of pressed tofu firmness and A3 polypeptide content was significant at two of three locations. Mean calcium content was positively correlated with mean pressed and filled tofu firmness over all locations, but calcium was not correlated with pressed tofu firmness at any individual location, and only one location showed a significant correlation of calcium and filled tofu firmness. In addition, pressed tofu firmness was found to be negatively correlated with tofu yield. The findings that A3 polypeptide's strong relationship with tofu firmness within certain locations may be used by the food industry to select proper soybean for manufacturing tofu and to facilitate tofu soybean breeding for tofu making.
Relationship between CD274 gene polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus risk in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Yang Lu‐Qi , Qin Zhen , Fu Lu , Xu Wang‐Dong
Published: January 2024

Objective

Relationship between surface antigen differentiation cluster 274 (CD274) gene polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk is limited. This study aims to discuss whether in a Chinese Han population, CD274 gene polymorphisms may relate to SLE susceptibility.

Methods

Three hundred and ten SLE patients and 390 healthy controls were included in this case–control study. Using the Kompetitive Allele‐Specific PCR (KASP) approach, five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs2890658, rs4143815, rs822339, rs2282055, and rs2297137, were genotyped for CD274 gene polymorphisms. Correlation between the polymorphisms and clinical, laboratory features in SLE patients were discussed.

Results

Frequency of C allele was substantially lower in SLE patients than in healthy controls (p = .015), and CC genotype was significantly negatively related to developing SLE at locus rs4143815 (p = .013). At locus rs822339, frequency of GA genotype was higher than that of the healthy controls (p = .006). At locus rs2282055, frequency of GG genotype was lower than that of healthy controls (p = .024). According to subgroup analysis, the CD274 gene polymorphisms rs2890658, rs4143815, rs822339, rs2282055, and rs2297137 were partly linked to some clinical symptoms of SLE patients, such as Complement 4 (C4), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).

Conclusion

CD274 gene polymorphisms may be susceptible to SLE in the Chinese Han people.
Anti‐MDA5 antibody‐associated clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis diagnosed after the onset of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Yang Y. , Huang X. , Lin J.
Published: January 2024

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of highly heterogeneous systemic autoimmune diseases, of which clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) is a distinct sub‐type. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life‐threatening medical condition that can occur as a complication of connective tissue diseases. Herein, our report first suggests that PH can develop in CADM. A 48‐year‐old woman came to our hospital due to a 3 months history of facial edema and shortness of breath. Relevant examinations revealed Gottron's sign, normal creatinine kinase levels, elevated levels of mean pulmonary artery pressure, double‐positive anti‐MDA5 and anti‐Ro52 antibodies, and typical pathological changes associated with myositis. The diagnosis of CADM combined with PH was considered. The patient responded well to the immunosuppression therapy and PH‐related drug therapy. We provide further insights that patients with IIM need to undergo regular assessment of PH.
Circular subsidiarity: Humanizing work through relational goods
Authors: González Ana Marta , Scalzo Germán
Published: January 2024

The Fourth Industrial Revolution based on digitalization, the development of AI, robotics, big data, and increasing automation is dredging up older debates on the end of human work. This article contributes to this debate arguing that these changing circumstances represent an opportunity to advance a renewed consideration of human work. By emphasizing its most distinctively human dimensions, including gratuitousness, relationality, and meaningfulness, we propose the articulation of a social model that recognizes relational goods as a specific contribution of human work in an attempt to overcome the state and the market's monopoly of public life built around the dichotomy between the private and the public. Such a social model is based on the concept of circular subsidiarity, which represents a departure from traditional notions of subsidiarity by promoting a dynamic and reciprocal interplay between three essential societal spheres: the state, the market, and organized civil society, all of which have their role to fulfill by providing security, efficiency, and relational goods. Ultimately, this article suggests that circular subsidiarity can lead to a more inclusive and equitable social model by acknowledging how relational goods not only humanize civil society but also sustain the functioning of both the market and the state.
Matrine inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and stem cell formation in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the ELAVL1/RBM3‐mediated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Song Chunhua , Li Hongwei , Huang Zhengchun , Chang Xinfeng , Pan Wen , Zhang Zhihua
Published: January 2024

Matrine has been reported to exert anti‐tumor effects in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the anti‐tumor molecular mechanism of Martine in HCC is still not fully revealed. Cell proliferative ability, apoptosis, invasion, and sphere formation ability were detected using 3‐(4, 5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2, 5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, transwell, and sphere formation assays. CyclinD1, MMP2, RNA‐binding motif protein 3 (RBM3), embryonic lethal abnormal visual‐like protein 1 (ELAVL1), Wnt3A, and β‐catenin protein levels were assessed using western blot. RBM3 and ELAVL1 expression was measured using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). After being predicted using Starbase, the possible interaction between ELAVL1 and RBM3 was identified using Co‐Immunoprecipitation (IP) assays. A xenograft model was used to examine how Matrine affects HCC cell growth in vivo. Matrine hindered HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and sphere formation ability, and boosted apoptosis in vitro. ELAVL1 and RBM3 content was decreased in Matrine‐treated HCC cells in a concentration‐dependent manner and was increased in HCC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, ELAVL1 might bind with RBM3 to positively regulate the stability of RBM3 mRNA. Matrine modulated the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway by ELAVL1/RBM3 axis. Matrine blocked tumor growth in xenograft modes in vivo. Matrine suppressed HCC cell progression partly by regulating the ELAVL1/RBM3, providing the possible therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
Global retinoblastoma studies: A review
Authors: Vempuluru Vijitha S. , Maniar Arpita , Kaliki Swathi
Published: January 2024

In the current era of global health awareness for retinoblastoma (RB), the challenge that lies ahead of us is providing optimal care for children affected with RB in underdeveloped nations. The understanding of similarities and disparities between various nations across the world aids in achieving comparable outcomes. With dissolving geographic barriers and evolving collaboration, global collaborative studies on RB are becoming increasingly common. They provide real‐world, robust evidence on several aspects of RB. This review discusses insights gained from global RB studies regarding the demographics, certain aspects of etiopathogenesis and epidemiology, international travel burden, disparities in clinical presentations based on national income levels, management protocols, pathology, treatment outcomes, and the effect of COVID‐19 on RB care across the world. These insights are likely to impact individual practice as well as inform policy reforms.
Association between donor kidney cysts and donor and recipient outcomes after living donor kidney transplantation
Authors: Emmons Brendan R. , Adler Joel T. , Sandoval Pedro Rodrigo , King Kristen L. , Yu Miko , Cron David C. , Mohan Sumit , Ratner Lloyd E. , Husain Syed Ali
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Incidental kidneys cysts are typically considered benign, but the presence of cysts is more frequent in individuals with other early markers of kidney disease. We studied the association of donor kidney cysts with donor and recipient outcomes after living donor kidney transplantation.

Methods

We retrospective identified 860 living donor transplants at our center (1/1/2011–7/31/2022) without missing data. Donor cysts were identified by review of pre‐donation CT scan reports. We used linear regression to study the association between donor cysts and 6‐month single‐kidney estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increase, and time‐to‐event analyses to study the association between donor cysts and recipient death‐censored graft failure.

Results

Among donors, 77% donors had no kidney cysts, 13% had ≥1 cyst on the kidney not donated, and 11% only had cysts on the donated kidney. In adjusted linear regression, cysts on the donated kidney and kidney not donated were not significantly associated with 6‐month single‐kidney eGFR increase. Among transplants, 17% used a transplanted kidney with a cyst and 6% were from donors with cysts only on the kidney not transplanted. There was no association between donor cyst group and post‐transplant death‐censored graft survival. Results were similar in sensitivity analyses comparing transplants using kidneys with no cysts versus 1–2 cysts versus ≥3 cysts.

Conclusions

Kidney cysts in living kidney donors were not associated with donor kidney recovery or recipient allograft longevity, suggesting incidental kidney cysts need not be taken into account when determining living donor candidate suitability or the laterality of planned donor nephrectomy.
Efficacy of intravenous clonazepam for paediatric convulsive status epilepticus
Authors: Colmard Maxime , Rivier François , de Barry Gaëlle , Roubertie Agathe , Urtiaga‐Valle Sarai , Mercedes‐Alvarez Blanca , Combes Clementine , Cambonie Gilles , Milesi Christophe , Meyer Pierre
Published: January 2024

Aim

To compare the efficacy of intravenous clonazepam (CLZ) for the initial management of convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in children as a function of the first‐line in‐hospital dose used.

Method

This monocentric retrospective study included children who received a first dose of CLZ for CSE at Montpellier University Hospital, France, between January 2016 and June 2019. Data from medical records (clinical, treatment, course) were collected and compared as a function of the first CLZ dose used.

Results

Among the 310 children treated for CSE, 105 received at least one CLZ dose (median age 3 years; quartile 1–quartile 3 [Q1–Q3] = 1 years 2 months–6 years 6 months). Among these 105 patients, 24 (22%) received a dose less than 0.03 mg/kg (low dose) and 69 (65%) received a dose of at least 0.03 mg/kg (high dose). Seizure cessation rate was not different between the low‐ and high‐dose groups (62.5% vs 76%; odds ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19–1.44, p = 0.29). The administration of a second dose of CLZ was more frequent in the low‐ than the high‐dose group (37.5% vs 16%; odds ratio 3.2, 95% CI 1.1–9.1, p = 0.04).

Interpretation

Our study did not find any difference in seizure termination rate as a function of CLZ dose in children with CSE. However, a second CLZ dose was more frequently needed in the group receiving low (less than 0.03 mg/kg) CLZ.
Electroencephalographic microstates as a potential neurophysiological marker differentiating bilateral from unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Baldini Sara , Duma Gian Marco , Danieli Alberto , Antoniazzi Lisa , Vettorel Airis , Baggio Martina , Da Rold Martina , Bonanni Paolo
Published: January 2024

Objective

Electroencephalographic (EEG) microstate abnormalities have been documented in different neurological disorders. We aimed to assess whether EEG microstates are altered also in patients with temporal epilepsy (TLE) and whether they show different activations in patients with unilateral TLE (UTLE) and bilateral TLE (BTLE).

Methods

Nineteen patients with UTLE, 12 with BTLE, and 15 healthy controls were enrolled. Resting state high‐density electroencephalography (128 channels) was recorded for 15 min with closed eyes. We obtained a set of stable scalp maps representing the EEG activity, named microstates, from which we acquired the following variables: global explained variance (GEV), mean duration (MD), time coverage (TC), and frequency of occurrence (FO). Two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare groups, and Spearman correlation was performed to study the maps in association with the clinical and neuropsychological data.

Results

Patients with BTLE and UTLE showed differences in most of the parameters (GEV, MD, TC, FO) of the four microstate maps (A–D) compared to controls. Patients with BTLE showed a significant increase in all parameters for the microstates in Map‐A and a decrease in Map‐D compared to UTLE and controls. We observed a correlation between Map‐A, disease duration, and spatial short‐term memory, whereas microstate Map‐D was correlated with the global intelligence score and short‐term memory performance.

Significance

A global alteration of the neural dynamics was observed in patients with TLE compared to controls. A different pattern of EEG microstate abnormalities was identified in BTLE compared to UTLE, which might represent a distinctive biomarker.
Autonomy and overparenting: Are parents of emerging adults being responsive?
Authors: Jiao Jian , Pitts Margaret Jane , Segrin Chris
Published: January 2024

Recognizing the various negative consequences of overparenting for the child such as poor mental health and relationship quality and delayed transition to full adulthood, this study examined to what extent parents of emerging adults were being responsive and tailoring their parenting practices to meet their child's characteristics, such as need for autonomy and trait autonomy. Survey data from 256 parent‐emerging adult child dyads were used for analyses. The results showed that parent‐reported overparenting was not associated with child‐reported autonomy features. Nevertheless, parents engaged in lower levels of tangible assistance and higher levels of advice/affect management if they perceived their child as high in autonomy need or trait autonomy. Collectively, these findings suggest that parents might practice overparenting out of their own desires and needs rather than taking into account their child's developmental needs and traits. Practical recommendations for family therapists are offered.
Migrate to (not) be ‘gurus’: Unpacking workplace masculinity in China's tech sector
Authors: Li Xiaotian , Chan Jenny
Published: January 2024

Through an intersectional analysis of gender, class, and migration, this article reveals how a hegemonic culture of workplace masculinity, embodied by a group of ‘gurus,’ is constructed in China's tech companies. The guru masculinity is characterized by proactivity and aggressiveness at work, ‘putting work first’ and overwork, and the ability to navigate boundaryless careers and settle down in first‐tier cities. It translates hegemonic masculine norms of material success, enjoying urban life, and men's breadwinner position in contemporary China on the one hand, and responds to a labor regime of precarious employment relations and prevalent overwork norm on the other hand. The article contributes to the literature on hegemonic masculinity in work organizations by showcasing how a hegemonic masculinity in China's tech workplace is constructed at the conjuncture of hegemonic gender norms at a societal level and the distinct labor regime in the tech sector. It also reveals that many male workers fail to conform to this cultural ideal, experiencing masculine frustration rooted in the nature of the ‘workplace masculinity contest,’ uneven urban development, and the demanding labor regime. It thus opens further discussions on how men resist hegemonic gender norms and construct alternative masculinities.
Risk of map‐like redness development after eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Matsumoto Sho , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Fukuzawa Masakatsu , Uesugi Nana , Iwata Eri , Kagawa Yasuyuki , Madarame Akira , Koyama Yohei , Morise Takashi , Uchida Kumiko , Yamaguchi Hayato , Kono Shin , Naito Sakiko , Kawai Takashi , Itoi Takao
Published: January 2024

Background

Map‐like redness is a newly identified endoscopic risk factor for gastric cancer in patients who received Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. However, the incidence rate of map‐like redness in patients who received eradication, and the risk factors for the development of map‐like redness remain unclear. We hence aimed to investigate the incidence rate of map‐like redness at 1‐year post H. pylori eradication, and evaluated its associations with map‐like redness and gastric cancer in relation with gastric condition.

Materials and Methods

Endoscopic severity of gastritis and map‐like redness were retrospectively evaluated according to the Kyoto Classification of Gastritis in patients who had undergone endoscopy before and after H. pylori eradication therapy.

Results

The incidence rate of map‐like redness for all 328 patients at a mean of 1.2 ± 0.6 years after eradication was 25.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.7%–30.4%). Patients who developed map‐like redness were older, had more severe atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, a higher total score of the Kyoto Classification of Gastritis both before and after eradication, and a higher rate of gastric cancer history than patients who did not have map‐like redness. On multivariate analysis, risk of map‐like redness was increased in patients with intestinal metaplasia (odds ratio [OR]: 2.794, 95% CI: 1.155–6.757) and taking acid inhibitors (OR: 1.948, 95% CI: 1.070–3.547). Characteristics of H. pylori‐positive patients with gastric cancer history were patients who were older (OR: 1.033, 95% CI: 1.001–1.066), taking acid inhibitors (OR: 4.456, 95% CI: 2.340–8.484), and with occurrence of map‐like redness after eradication therapy (OR: 2.432, 95% CI: 1.264–4.679).

Conclusions

Map‐like redness is observed in one fourth of patients at 1‐year post eradication. Patients who developed map‐like redness were found to have severe intestinal metaplasia and taking acid inhibitors, and hence such patients require increased attention at surveillance endoscopy.
Evaluation of in vitro prebiotic effects of galactomannan oligosaccharides derived from guar gum
Authors: Zhang Jing , Gao Zihan , Wang Guangzhen , Yang Xiaojun , Tong Yanjun , Zhao Wei
Published: January 2024

Galactomannan oligosaccharides (GMOS) have been designated as the second generation of prebiotics. This study aimed to systematically investigate the prebiotic effects of GMOS. GMOS were obtained by the hydrolysis of guar gum (5 g L−1) using β‐mannanase (160 U g−1) for 4 h, with the molecular weight significantly decreased to 665 Da. The prebiotic activity of GMOS was verified, which displayed a great proliferation effect on Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. After in vitro faecal fermentation, GMOS greatly improved the production of total short‐chain fatty acids (43.62 mM), especially butyric acid (7.44 mM). Meanwhile, the relative abundance of several beneficial bacteria, including Megasphaera, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, was greatly improved to 41.15%. Besides, the total relative abundance of several typical harmful bacteria decreased to 37.80%, indicating that GMOS can regulate the composition of intestinal flora. These results provide an important scientific basis for the further use of GMOS as a prebiotic.
Substance use during hospitalisation requiring an urgent clinical response: an opportunity for intervention
Authors: Nash Emily , Dawson Andrew H. , Haber Paul , Gribble Robert , Volovets Anastasia
Published: January 2024

Background

There are few reports on drug use in patients while hospitalised and none regarding management or clinical outcomes.

Aims

To describe cases of drug use by inpatients requiring an urgent clinical response.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed cases at a teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia, from February 2019 to March 2021.

Results

Thirty cases were identified, with no deaths. Two patient groups were identified: (i) substance use disorders, using illicit drugs and (ii) self‐harm history, using prescribed or over‐the‐counter drugs. Management involved cardiac monitoring (40%), intensive care (30%), charcoal (20%), antidotes (20%) and intubation (13%). Discharge was planned in 22 of 30 patients, against medical advice in four and directed by medical staff in four.

Conclusions

Inpatient drug use requiring an urgent clinical response was infrequently recognised but presents a risk of harm to patients and staff and increases service utilisation and costs. Both harm reduction and systematic approaches guided by institutional policy are recommended. Using these events as reachable moments to address driving factors may modify patients' risk from future events.
Invasive device‐associated skin complications and mechanical dysfunctions in paediatric healthcare: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Takashima Mari , Hyun Areum , Gibson Victoria , Borello Eloise , Ullman Amanda
Published: January 2024

Aim

This study aimed to estimate the proportion and rate of skin complications and mechanical dysfunction associated with indwelling invasive devices in paediatric healthcare.

Design

This systematic review is reported in accordance with Cochrane standards for randomized controlled trials and the Meta‐analysis of Observation Studies in Epidemiology for cohort studies.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, clinical trial registries, and unpublished study databases were searched.

Review Methods

Cohort studies and trials published from January 2011 to June 2022, including (1) indwelling invasive devices, (2) paediatric participants admitted to a hospital, (3) reporting post‐insertion device‐associated skin complication and/or mechanical dysfunction, and (4) published in English, were included. Device‐associated skin complication and mechanical dysfunction (infiltration, leakage, occlusion/blockage, dislodgement/malposition, breakage and others). Pooled proportion and incidence rate per 1000 device days are reported.

Results

This review synthesized 114 studies (30,782 devices; 1,635,649 device‐days). Skin complications were reported in 40 studies, but none exclusively reported individual device‐related pressure injuries. Mechanical dysfunctions were well‐reported for central venous access devices, peripheral intravenous catheters, nasogastric/gastric tubes and peritoneal dialysis catheters but less for arterial catheters, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and ventricular assist devices.

Conclusions

This systematic review highlights the need for standardized definitions and reporting methods to better surveil and benchmark device‐related complications, particularly for understudied device types. Device‐related pressure injuries were not reported in any of the included studies, and all devices except for vascular access devices require standardized reporting of complications.

Impact

Despite the widespread use of invasive devices, comprehensive data on their prevalence, utility, and associated paediatric complications is limited. This review identified prevalent skin complications, occlusions and dislodgments in children with devices, underscoring the need for standardized reporting to enhance surveillance and understanding of paediatric device‐related complications.

Reporting Method

MOOSE (Meta‐analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) Checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
School‐Based Tele‐Behavioral Health: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Sowa Nathaniel A. , Gaffney Katie , Sanders Amanda , Murrell Caroline
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Telehealth utilization exploded during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including within school‐based health programs. School‐based tele‐behavioral health can help programs overcome barriers of access to care, but the current state and effectiveness of such programs are unknown.

METHODS

A scoping literature review was conducted. Studies were included if they described in‐school behavioral health services delivered via telehealth for children ages 5 to 18. From the included studies, population, location, setting, intervention, telehealth modality, clinician type, and outcomes assessed were extracted.

FINDINGS

Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria. All described psychotherapy or medication management delivered by psychologists (n = 7) and/or psychiatrists (n = 11). Treatment included psychotherapy (N = 8), psychiatric consultation (N = 7), medication management (N = 4), crisis stabilization (N = 1), and caregiver education (N = 1). Eight studies provide qualitative or quantitative outcomes, with 4 examining clinical effectiveness.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite limited findings in the literature, school‐based tele‐behavioral health is feasible, effective, and acceptable for delivery of behavioral health care to children and adolescents.
Decadal limnological changes in Lake Beseka, central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Melese Hana , Debella Habte Jebessa
Published: January 2024

Lake Beseka (Metahara), formerly, an alkaline soda lake in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia is recently undergoing unprecedented changes. The objective of this study was to investigate the current status on the plankton composition of Lake Beseka, in relation to the lake's environmental parameters. Samples for physicochemical and biological parameters were taken twice a year during both the rainy and dry seasons at two different sites (open and shore). Temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, salinity, ammonia, silica and soluble reactive phosphate showed significant variation (p < .05) between wet and dry seasons. The physicochemical parameters recorded during this study shows decreasing trend than the previous studies indicating the lakes ecosystem undergone fundamental changes over time. A total of 25 phytoplankton and 13 zooplankton genera were identified. The phytoplankton community of Lake Beseka had previously been dominated by Arthrospira fusiformis, but this time it was completely missing, and diatoms substituted for it. The decrease in pH and salinity of the lake's water could be responsible for these changes. In addition, cyclopoid copepods now predominate over zooplankton in Branchionus dimidiatus during periods of high salinity. Redundancy analysis showed that SRP, ammonia, nitrate and turbidity are important environmental factors that significantly influenced plankton abundance. This study provides new baseline information on the plankton composition of Lake Beseka, in relation to the lake's environmental parameters, which can be used to evaluate future community structure.
How many Vesta‐like bodies existed in the asteroid belt?
Authors: Burbine T. H. , Greenwood R. C. , Zhang B. , Buchanan P. C.
Published: January 2024

Asteroid 4 Vesta is typically thought to be the parent body of the HED (howardite, eucrite, and diogenite) meteorites due to spectral similarities. The discovery of asteroids far from Vesta with HED‐like spectra like (1459) Magnya and HED‐like meteorites (e.g., NWA 011) with anomalous oxygen isotopic values compared to typical HEDs is evidence that other Vesta‐like bodies formed. We broadly define a Vesta‐like body as a differentiated object with a crust composed primarily of low‐Ca pyroxene and plagioclase feldspar. We estimate the number of Vesta‐like bodies that did form by looking at the astronomical evidence; the oxygen isotopic, chemical, and petrologic evidence; and the iron meteorite evidence. Assuming that fragments of Vesta were scattered from Vesta by giant planet migration, we conservatively estimate that at least two Vesta‐like bodies (Vesta and the Magnya parent bodies) existed. From the oxygen isotopic, chemical, and petrologic evidence, we also conservatively estimate that seven Vesta‐like bodies formed. Analyses of iron meteorites indicate that there may be as many as 23 Vesta‐like bodies (Vesta, 10 magmatic iron groups, South Byron trio, Emsland/Mbosi duo, 10 ungrouped irons). This estimate from iron meteorites is most certainly an overestimation due to the existence of a number of non‐HED crustal/mantle fragments that potentially originated from bodies with magmatic iron cores. Using our three estimates as a guide, we predict that there were ~10 Vesta‐like bodies (including Vesta) that formed in the early solar system. Only Vesta remains intact with the others being disrupted early in solar system history.
Heat‐tolerant intertidal rock pool coral Porites lutea can potentially adapt to future warming
Authors: Huang Wen , Meng Linqing , Xiao Zunyong , Tan Ronghua , Yang Enguang , Wang Yonggang , Huang Xueyong , Yu Kefu
Published: January 2024

The growing threat of global warming on coral reefs underscores the urgency of identifying heat‐tolerant corals and discovering their adaptation mechanisms to high temperatures. Corals growing in intertidal rock pools that vary markedly in daily temperature may have improved heat tolerance. In this study, heat stress experiments were performed on scleractinian coral Porites lutea from subtidal habitat and intertidal rock pool of Weizhou Island in the northern South China Sea. Thermotolerance differences in corals from the two habitats and their mechanisms were explored through phenotype, physiological indicators, ITS2, 16S rRNA, and RNA sequencing. At the extremely high temperature of 34°C, rock pool P. lutea had a stronger heat tolerance than those in the subtidal habitat. The strong antioxidant capacity of the coral host and its microbial partners was important in the resistance of rock pool corals to high temperatures. The host of rock pool corals at 34°C had stronger immune and apoptotic regulation, downregulated host metabolism and disease‐infection‐related pathways compared to the subtidal habitat. P. lutea, in this habitat, upregulated Cladocopium C15 (Symbiodiniaceae) photosynthetic efficiency and photoprotection, and significantly increased bacterial diversity and coral probiotics, including ABY1, Ruegeria, and Alteromonas. These findings indicate that rock pool corals can tolerate high temperatures through the integrated response of coral holobionts. These corals may be ‘touchstones’ for future warming. Our research provides new insights into the complex mechanisms by which corals resist global warming and the theoretical basis for coral reef ecosystem restoration and selection of stress‐resistant coral populations.
Abscisic acid induces stomatal closure in horsetails
Authors: Meigas Egon , Uusküla Benelote , Merilo Ebe
Published: January 2024

See also the Commentary on this article by Chater, 243: 503–505.
Prevalence and characteristics of pain in patients with lower‐extremity ulcers—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sabah Lubna , Burian Ewa Anna , Kirketerp‐Møller Klaus , Thomsen Simon Francis , Moltke Finn Borgbjerg
Published: January 2024

The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of pain in different ulcer types and to identify factors associated with pain experience in patients with lower‐extremity ulcers. A cross‐sectional single‐centre study was performed, including 130 newly referred outpatients with lower‐extremity ulcers. Pain intensity was measured with a visual analog scale (VAS) and pain characteristics with the short form mcgill pain questionnaire‐2 (SF‐MPQ‐2). The mean pain intensity was 29.5 (SD 31.8) at rest and 35.5 (SD 34.1) during movement (0–100 VAS). 61.5% of the patients experienced pain (VAS > 0) at rest and 70.8% during movement. Moderate to severe pain at rest was seen in 39.2% and in 43.8% of patients during movement. The mean total score on SF‐MPQ‐2 (range 0–220) was 35.9 (SD 32.6). Most of the patients described pain as intermittent (mean 11.8 SD 13.9). Analgesics were prescribed for 78% of the patients. Ulcer type (i.e., arterial, immunological, pressure and venous) and age were associated with pain severity, and women had a significantly lower well‐being score than men. Prevalence of pain in patients with lower‐extremity ulcers was high across different ulcer aetiologies. Pain intensity and quality must be assessed to obtain adequate pain management.
Efectos psicológicos inmediatos y autocuidado en la cuarentena por SARS-CoV-2 en el suroccidente colombiano
Authors: Martínez Floréz Juan Felipe , Isaza Ivonn , Osorio Juan David
Published: January 2024

Objetivo. Describir el impacto psicológico durante las semanas iniciales de cuarentena por SARS-CoV-2 en el suroccidentecolombiano y la adherencia a las recomendaciones de autocuidado y distanciamiento social. Método. Se diseñó una encuesta enlínea que fue respondida por una muestra válida de 1606 sujetos del suroccidente colombiano. La encuesta incluyó el Cuestionariode Salud General-12 (GHQ-12) adaptado para Colombia, y un set de preguntas basadas en los lineamientos de prevención dela Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Para procesar la información se utilizó análisis de varianza (Anova). Resultados. El33.8% de los participantes mostraron síntomas de ansiedad o depresión en un rango moderado-alto; el 57% de los participantesnunca o casi nunca se adhirieron a las recomendaciones de autocuidado. Se registraron diferencias signicativas en la afectaciónpsicológica y en la adherencia a las recomendaciones de autocuidado por género, nivel educativo, ingresos y desarrollo o no deactividades telemáticas. Conclusión. A solo dos semanas de cuarentena se presentaron efectos en la salud mental. Aunque laspersonas reportaron alto nivel de información respecto a las medidas de autocuidado, la adherencia a las recomendaciones fue baja.La desigualdad social fue un agravante de la salud mental y una barrera para el seguimiento y ecacia de las medidas de autocuidadoy distanciamiento social.
Dynamic Properties of Double Porosity/Permeability Model
Authors: Nakshatrala Kalyana B.
Published: January 2024

Understanding fluid movement in multi-pored materials is vital for energy security and physiology. For instance, shale (a geological material) and bone (a biological material) exhibit multiple pore networks. Double porosity/permeability models provide a mechanics-based approach to describe hydrodynamics in aforesaid porous materials. However, current theoretical results primarily address steady-state response, and their counterparts in the transient regime are still wanting. The chief aim of this paper is to fill this knowledge gap. We present three principal properties—with rigorous mathematical arguments—that the solutions under the double porosity/permeability model satisfy in the transient regime: backward-in-time uniqueness, reciprocity, and a variational principle. We employ the “energy method”—exploiting the physical total kinetic energy of the flowing fluid—to establish the first property and Cauchy–Riemann convolutions to prove the next two. The results reported in this paper—qualitatively describe the dynamics of fluid flow in double-pored media—have (a) theoretical significance, (b) practical applications, and (c) considerable pedagogical value. In particular, these results will benefit practitioners and computational scientists in checking the accuracy of numerical simulators. The backward-in-time uniqueness lays a firm theoretical foundation for pursuing inverse problems in which one predicts the prescribed initial conditions based on data available about the solution at a later instance.
Construction and Multi-Mode Motion Analysis of Single-Degree-of-Freedom Four-Bar Multi-Mode Planar Mechanisms Based on Singular Configuration
Authors: Nie Liangyi , Ding Huafeng , Kecskeméthy Andrés
Published: January 2024

The traditional four-bar mechanism is renowned for its simple structure, dependable performance, and wide range of applications. The single-degree-of-freedom (DOF) four-bar multi-mode planar mechanism (MMPM) is a type of four-bar mechanism that not only has the structural characteristics of the traditional four-bar mechanisms but also can achieve multiple motion modes by changing its structure. It has the advantage of performing diverse functions while conserving resources, which opens up new possibilities for research and application of the four-bar mechanism. However, due to the lack of a systematic configuration construction method, the design and application of single-DOF four-bar MMPMs are seriously limited. This paper presents a systematic method to construct a set of single-DOF four-bar MMPMs based on the loop equations and the proposed multi-mode modules (MMMs). First, depending on the loop equations, the four-bar planar mechanism containing two branches is identified by the corresponding branch graphs. Then, three kinds of MMMs are systematically proposed for the first time, helping the identified mechanism realize multiple motion modes. Subsequently, single-DOF four-bar MMPMs are constructed by replacing the specific component of the planar mechanism with the MMMs. Furthermore, the replacement rules of MMMs and the corresponding construction steps are summarized. Finally, 14 kinds of single-DOF four-bar MMPMs are listed, and the corresponding multi-mode motion analysis is discussed at the end of this paper. The proposed method is a straightforward one, which will provide great convenience for the configuration design of single-DOF four-bar MMPMs and promote the development and application of MMPMs.
Source level of wind-generated ambient sound in the ocean
Authors: Chapman N. Ross , Ainslie Michael A. , Siderius Martin
Published: January 2024

Inference of source levels for ambient ocean sound from local wind at the sea surface requires an assumption about the nature of the sound source. Depending upon the assumptions made about the nature of the sound source, whether monopole or dipole distributions, the estimated source levels from different research groups are different by several decibels over the frequency band 10–350 Hz. This paper revisits the research issues of source level of local wind-generated sound and shows that the differences in estimated source levels can be understood through a simple analysis of the source assumptions.
Digital Health Literacy and Social Determinants of Health Affecting Telehealth Use by Athletic Trainers
Authors: Patel Sujal R. , Uriegas Nancy A. , Armstrong Tara A. , Stover Ryan M. , Games Kenneth E. , Winkelmann Zachary K.
Published: January 2024

Context: While increasing telehealth use throughout sports medicine has improved patients’ access to health care, some communities may not have the same opportunities to connect with a provider. Barriers to telehealth implementation can be influenced by internal (eg, provider’s digital health literacy and resources) and external (eg, community’s social determinants of health or “SDOH”) factors. This study aimed to assess the impact of internal and external factors on telehealth use by athletic trainers (ATs). Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: In total, 767 ATs participated in the study. Participants (age = 39 [13] y) completed a survey containing the electronic health literacy scale and digital health literacy instrument, reported professional use of telehealth as a provider (yes/no), provided resources at their clinical site, and provided the zip code for the community they served. After data collection, the researchers extracted SDOH information using the zip code data from 2 US databases, including population density, median household income, poverty index, education level, and technology access. Chi-square or independent samples t tests were conducted to compare telehealth use by each SDOH factor. Results: In total, 62.3% (n = 478/767) of ATs reported using telehealth, and 81.6% of ATs (n = 626) had a dedicated facility to offer health care services. We identified a significant difference in digital health literacy scores between users and nonusers of telehealth (P = .013). We did not identify any significant differences between telehealth users by community type (P = .957), population density (P = .053), income (P = .462), poverty index (P = .073), and computer (P = .211) or broadband internet access (P = .295). Conclusions: Our data suggest that internal factors such as digital health literacy and clinical site resources may have contributed to an AT’s previous telehealth use in clinical practice. However, the SDOH data extracted from the community zip code where the AT provided clinical services were similar for those with and without previous telehealth use.
Household air pollution exposure and risk of tuberculosis: a case–control study of women in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Jagger Pamela , McCord Ryan , Gallerani Anna , Hoffman Irving , Jumbe Charles , Pedit Joseph , Phiri Sam , Krysiak Robert , Maleta Kenneth
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Globally, 3–4 billion people rely on solid fuels for cooking, and 1 billion use kerosene to light their homes. While household air pollution (HAP) emitted from burning these fuels has well-established links to numerous health outcomes, the relationship between active tuberculosis (TB) and HAP exposure remains inconclusive.

Methods

We explore the association between HAP exposure and TB among adult women in Lilongwe’s high-density suburbs using hospital and community-based health data, objectively measured exposure to HAP, and sociodemographic data controlling for individual, household and community-level confounders. Only one other study combines public health, exposure and sociodemographic data to explore the association between HAP and TB. We report results from a case–control study of 377 primary cooks (76 cases; 301 controls) on the association between risk of developing active TB and HAP exposure. We calculate ORs for developing active TB using indicators of HAP exposure including primary fuel used for cooking, cooking location and frequency of kerosene use for lighting, and in a subset of households, by directly measured cooking area and personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide.

Results

We are unable to find an association between self-reported cooking with solid fuels and TB in our sample; we do find that increased frequency of kerosene use for lighting is associated with significantly higher odds of TB. Household area PM2.5concentration is the only direct HAP measure associated with significantly higher odds of TB. We find that 16.8% of the relationship between TB and kerosene use is mediated by increases in area PM2.5.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that efforts to reduce the risk of active TB within the home environment should include strategies to reduce or eliminate kerosene, commonly used for lighting and cooking in many low-income country settings.
Inflation based on the Tsallis entropy
Authors: Teimoori Zeinab , Rezazadeh Kazem , Rostami Abasat
Published: January 2024

We study the inflationary scenario in the Tsallis entropy-based cosmology. The Friedmann equations in this setup can be derived by using the first law of thermodynamics. To derive the relations of the power spectra of the scalar and tensor perturbations in this setup, we reconstruct an f(R) gravity model which is thermodynamically equivalent to our model in the slow-roll approximation. In this way, we find the inflationary observables, including the scalar spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio in our scenario. Then, we investigate two different potentials in our scenario, including the quadratic potential and the potential associated with the natural inflation in which the inflaton is an axion or a pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone boson. We examine their observational viability in light of the Planck 2018 CMB data. We show that although the results of these potentials are in tension with the observations in the standard inflationary setting, their consistency with the observations can be significantly improved within the setup of the Tsallis entropy-based inflation. Moreover, we place constraints on the parameters of the considered inflationary models by using the current observational data.