bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ANTONYM OF LEXEME USING THE AFFIXATION ‘ME-KAN’: MORPHOSEMANTICS ANALYSIS
Authors: Anis Muhammad Yunus , Saddhono Kundharu
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis research deals with morphosemantic analysis of lexemes. The main source of data in this research was taken from the Arabic-Indonesian dictionary, Al-Munawwir, with the primary focus on lexemes using the affixation of “me-kan”. The lexemes with affixation “me-kan” can be compared in the Arabic language using the dominant measure or pattern (wazan). This research adopts a qualitative descriptive analysis, employing the distributional approach and the technique of dividing units of language, as well as the technique of marker. The study shows that the lexemes using affixation “me-kan” in Indonesian have similarities with the wazan fa-‘a-la in Arabic. The affixation of “me-kan” is one of the forms of transitive verb in the Indonesian language, and wazan fa-‘a-la in Arabic is a form of ta’diyyah (close meaning with the transitive form). Many lexemes using the affixation “me-kan” in Al-Munawwir Indonesian–Arabic dictionary were translated by the wazan fa-‘a-la. This study indicates that there is a strong connection between the transitive form in Arabic and Indonesian, as indicated through the analysis of the aforementioned lexemes.Keywords: antonym, lexeme using the affixation of “me-kan”, morpho-semantics, and Al-Munawwir Indonesian-Arabic dictionary.  Abstrak Sumber data dalam penelitian ini diambil dari kamus Al Munawwir versi Indonesia-Arab. Pembahasan antonim di dalam kamus tersebut masih terasa luas, belum mengerucut. Oleh sebab itulah peneliti akan memfokuskan pembahasan antonim hanya pada leksem yang mendapat imbuhan “me-kan”. Selanjutnya leksem “me-kan” di dalam bahasa Indonesia ternyata memiliki padanan wazan(measure) di dalam bahasa Arab yang sangat dominan. Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode distribusional dan teknik bagi unsur langsung dan teknik pemarkah. Dengan memanfaatkan metode tersebut, maka penelitian secara masif di dalam kamus tersebut akan menemukan pemakaian wazan untuk leksem berimbuhan me-kan dengan frekuensi lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan wazan lainnya. Sehingga imbuhan me-kan pada bahasa Indonesia dapat ditemukan padanannya pada wazan bahasa Arab. Beberapa data berupa leksem berimbuhan “me-kan” di dalam kamus al munawwir versi Indonesia-Arab diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan wazan fa'ala. Imbuhan me-kan merupakan salah satu bentuk dari kata kerja transitif. Begitu pula wazan fa'ala di dalam bahasa Arab digunakan untuk "ta'diyyah" yang secara tidak langsung menyerupai dengan proses pembentukan kata kerja transitif di dalam bahasa Indonesia. Oleh sebab itulah wazan fa'ala menjadi wazan yang paling dominan pada pemberian makna leksem berimbuhan me-kan yang berfungsi sebagai kata kerja transitif.Kata kunci: antonim, leksem yang menggunakan afiks me-kan, morfosemantik, kamus Al-Munawwir Indonesia- Arab.
WHY IS THERE CODE SWITCHING IN EFL CLASSROOM? : A CASE STUDY IN A VOCATIONAL SCHOOL IN CIMAHI WEST-JAVA
Authors: Fathimah Diana Nur
Published: September 2016

AbstractCode switching is a common phenomenon that results from the bilingual quality of a language speaker. In the educational context, code switching is frequently found in an EFL classroom of which the teacher is a non-native speaker. It is considered as one of the strategies to facilitate students to learn English more effectively. However, a number of research studies investigating EFL classroom discourse found various reasons of the use of code switching, ranging from the familiarity of the context to the teacher’s language proficiency. The present research gears toward investigating code-switching practiced by an EFL teacher in Indonesia and the rationale behind that practice. Taking case study method, this qualitative study employs observation and semi-structured interview to gather the data. An English teacher in one vocational school in Indonesia was chosen to be the participant of the research. The research shows that, as a bilingual, the teacher practiced code-switching both in educational context and non-educational context, inter-sententially and intra-sententially. In the classroom context, inter-sentential code switching was practiced deliberately to serve as exposures for students. Meanwhile, intra-sentential code switching was oftentime not a deliberate action, but rather a force of habit of the English teacher as a bilingual.Keywords: Bilingualism, code-switching, EFL classroomAbstrakAlih kode merupakan fenomena umum yang dihasilkan dari kualitas bilingual dari penutur bahasa. Dalam konteks pendidikan, alih kode sering ditemukan di dalam kelas EFL dimana guru merupakan pembicara non-pribumi. Hal ini dianggap sebagai salah satu strategi untuk memfasilitasi siswa untuk belajar bahasa Inggris dengan lebih efektif. Namun, sejumlah penelitian yang menyelidiki EFL wacana kelas menemukan berbagai alasan dari penggunaan alih kode, mulai dari keakraban konteks untuk kemahiran berbahasa guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji alih kode yang dilakukan oleh seorang guru EFL di Indonesia dan alasan di balik praktek itu. Metode yang digunakan yaitu studi kasus, studi kualitatif dengan menggunakan observasi dan wawancara semi-terstruktur untuk memperoleh data. Seorang guru bahasa Inggris di salah satu sekolah kejuruan di Indonesia dipilih menjadi responden penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, sebagai bilingual, guru berlatih alih kode baik dalam konteks pendidikan dan konteks non-pendidikan, antar-kalimat dan intra-kalimat. Dalam konteks kelas, alih kode antar-kalimat sengaja dipraktekkan untuk pengenalan awal bagi siswa. Sementara itu, kode intra-sentential sering kali dilakukan tidak disengaja, melainkan kebiasaan guru bahasa Inggris sebagai bilingual. Kata kunci: Bilingualism, alih kode, EFL kelas
Álgebra para a formação do professor
Authors: Campos Marcelo Bergamini
Published: September 2016

Ribeiro, Alessandro Jacques & Cury, Helena Noronha. (2015). Álgebra para a formação do professor. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica. (Coleção Tendências em Educação Matemática).
Joint Inversion of Ground-Penetrating Radar and Seismic Velocities for Porosity and Water Saturation in Shallow Sediments
Authors: Al-Shuhail Abdullatif A. , Adetunji Ademola
Published: September 2016

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measures the velocity (VG) of electromagnetic waves in a subsurface material. In a low-loss material, VG depends primarily on the porosity (φ) and water saturation (Sw) of the material. Therefore, it is impossible to estimate φ and Sw uniquely from VG without additional information. The seismic P-wave velocity (VP) in the same material can provide the extra information required for the inversion.

In this study, an approach is described for a closed-form solution of VG and VP to invert for φ and Sw in shallow sediments. The complex refractive index model (CRIM) for VG and Gassmann-Biot model for VP are used to relate these velocities to φ and Sw. Each model presents a nonlinear equation in φ and Sw. The two equations are solved simultaneously to estimate φ and Sw from VG-VP measurements. Testing of the inversion procedure in the presence of errors in assuming the properties of the soil matrix showed that these errors can drastically affect the inverted water saturation and porosity, especially in dry, low-porosity sediments.

The approach is applied on many VG-VP measurements in various soil types collected from the literature. Inversion results show that inverted φ values for most data points fell around 0.4, which is the critical porosity in sandy soils, while inverted Sw values generally agreed with reported saturations for most of the data points. Few data points resulted in unrealistic φ and Sw values when a sandy soil matrix was assumed. We found that perturbing the matrix properties for these points resulted in shifting the inverted φ and Sw to more realistic values.
Corrosion Rates of Cr- and Ni-Based Alloys With Organic Acids and Chelating Agents Used in Stimulation of Deep Wells
Authors: de Wolf Corine A. , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. , Bouwman Arjen , Bang Edwin R. A. , Naylor Ed
Published: September 2016

Acid treatments of deep wells completed by use of chromium (Cr) -based tubulars represent a real challenge to the oil industry. On one hand, Cr-based tubulars are used to protect against carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion, but on the other hand, the protective layer [chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3)] dissolves in hydrochloric acid (HCl). This makes protection of Cr tubulars during acidizing very challenging, especially at high temperatures. At temperatures greater than 200°F, there is a need to add corrosion-inhibitor intensifiers, most of which depend on heavy metals [copper (Cu) or antimony (Sb)] or are not effective at temperatures greater than 300°F [e.g., potassium iodide (KI)].

Over the last decade, a new chelant was developed, glutamic acid N, N-diacetic acid (GLDA), which can dissolve carbonate minerals from both carbonate and sandstone formations. This chelant can form wormholes in carbonates (both calcite and dolomite) and does not destabilize clay particles present in sandstone formations. In the present paper, the corrosion rate of GLDA solutions is compared with that of other chelants and simple organic acids that are used for carbonate dissolution, such as hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), acetic acid, and formic acid. All corrosion tests were conducted at high temperatures and pressures and extended for up to 6 hours at temperature and pressure. The Cr and nickel (Ni) -based coupons representing tubular metallurgy were examined thoroughly after the tests, and the spent fluids were analyzed for key cations [Cr, Ni, molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn)].

Compared with formic acid, acetic acid, and even HEDTA, GLDA is much less corrosive to Cr-13 alloys. The results of this work show that GLDA at 20 wt% causes almost no corrosion with Cr-13 up to 300°F. Unlike GLDA, HEDTA was found to be corrosive at a pH = 3.8, and requires attention when used in wells completed with Cr-13-based tubulars. On more-corrosion-resistant Cr- or Cr-Ni-based alloys, such as super Cr-13, Duplex-2205, Inconel-625, and Incoloy-925, the corrosion rate of GLDA is still far below the acceptable limit of 0.02 to 0.05 lbm/ft2 up to 350°F. In wells with corrosive sweet and sour gases, tubulars consisting of low-carbon steel, Cr-based steel, or corrosion-resistant Cr-Ni alloys can be effectively protected by a combination of GLDA with a minimal amount of a suitable corrosion inhibitor. Because of its favorable environmental profile, this mixture meets all the Oslo-Paris Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic (OSPAR) requirements for use in the North Sea. On the basis of these results, GLDA solutions can be used to stimulate carbonate and sandstone wells completed with Cr- and Ni-based tubulars, while maintaining the integrity of the tubulars.
Polymer Flooding: Establishing Specifications for Dissolved Oxygen and Iron in Injection Water
Authors: Jouenne S.. , Klimenko A.. , Levitt D..
Published: September 2016

It is now common knowledge among enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) practitioners that the combination of ferrous iron (Fe2+) and dissolved oxygen (O2) causes severe oxidative degradation to EOR polymers, resulting in a lowering of molecular weight (MW) and hence, a loss of viscosity. During the design of polymer-flooding projects, an important question is thus the acceptable levels of Fe2+ and O2 that can be tolerated in injection-water specifications. Furthermore, we would like to be able to predict the extent of degradation in the case of excess Fe2+or oxygen ingress.

However, despite more than 50 years of research and a general understanding of the degradation mechanism involved, quantitative prediction of the extent of degradation has proved elusive and dependent on the measurement protocol. This is likely because of the fastidious experimental protocols required to work under anaerobic or limited-oxygen conditions.

We examine existing protocols and demonstrate that experiments in which either Fe2+ or O2 is the limiting reagent yield equivalent results when the stoichiometry of the Fe2+ autoxidation reaction with oxygen is taken into account. On the basis of these findings, a novel, easy approach is proposed to quantify polymer-oxidative degradation as a function of either O2 or Fe2+ content.

The limits of 225 ppb Fe2+ and 32 ppb of O2 are fixed for Flopaam 3630S in 6 g/L brine in the concentration range 500–1,500 ppm to ensure that degradation of low-shear plateau viscosity does not exceed 10%. Higher levels will lead to severe polymer degradation. The influence of polymer concentration, temperature, and salinity is also investigated. At last, evolution of redox potential and pH during Fe2+ oxidation is discussed along with the injectivity risk associated with the formation of Fe3+.

There is a direct practical application of these findings for the design of surface facilities for polymer dissolution and transport and for the prediction of degradation in case of oxygen ingress. Moreover, a simple and easily performed protocol is proposed for the evaluation of polymer oxidative degradation for any given field conditions.
A Combination of Artificial Neural Network and Artificial Immune System for Virus Detection
Authors: Khang Mai Trong , Nguyen Vu Thanh , Le Tuan Dinh
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we propose an Artificial Neural Immune Network (ANIN) for virus detection. ANIN is a combination of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Artificial Immune Network (AiNet). In ANIN, each ANN is considered as a detector. A pool of initial detectors then undergoes a mature process, called AiNet, to improve its recognizing ability. Thus, more than one ANN objects can cooperate to detect malicious code. The experimental results show that ANIN can achieve a detection rate of 87.98% on average with an acceptable false positive rate.
Sustained effectiveness of automatic chlorinators installed in community-scale water distribution systems during an emergency recovery project in Haiti
Authors: Rayner Justine , Yates Travis , Joseph Myriam , Lantagne Daniele
Published: September 2016

In 2012 and 2013, as part of relief-to-recovery programming, Child Relief International partnered with Haiti Philanthropy to install automatic tablet-based chlorinators in 79 gravity-fed water distribution systems in Southeast Department, Haiti. We carried out a mixed methods evaluation to assess sustained effectiveness of chlorinators approximately two years after installation, including 18 site assessments of chlorinators and distribution systems, 180 surveys of households served by those systems and 17 key informant interviews. We tested for free chlorine residual and Escherichia coli in samples collected from sources, reservoirs, water access points, and treated and untreated household stored water. We found: 83% of chlorinators were in operational condition, although water pressure was sufficient to operate chlorinators at only 56% of sites; 0% of chlorinator sites had tablet stock; and, while 86% of households reported using water from distribution systems with a chlorinator, 0% of household drinking water was safe to drink because of chlorinators. Reasons why the chlorinator project did not achieve intended sustained effectiveness included: lack of accountability for infrastructure maintenance; lack of tablet access; and lack of effective community management systems. We recommend future implementers of centralized water treatment systems in relief-to-recovery contexts consider these three components necessary for sustainability.
A comparative study of lead adsorption by activated Khaya Ivoresnsis and Pycanthus Angolensis sawdust
Authors: Nnaji Chidozie Charles , Emefu Stephen Chinwike
Published: September 2016

Experiments investigating lead adsorption by activated sawdust of different particle sizes of two timber species were conducted. The experimental data were fitted to isothermal and kinetic models. The optimum particle size was 0.85 mm for Khaya ivorensis and 1.18 mm for Pycanthus angolensis. The adsorption of lead by Khaya ivorensis and Pycanthus angolensis conformed to the Langmuir isotherm (0.83 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.96 and 0.86 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.98, respectively) and Freundlich isotherm (0.69 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.97 and 0.94 ≤ R2 ≤ 1.0, respectively). The adsorption process for the two species of timber was controlled by solute transport in the bulk liquid and intraparticle diffusion which was confirmed by good agreement of experimental data with pseudo-first-order kinetics (0.96 ≤ R2 ≤ 1.0 for Khaya ivorensis and 0.9 ≤ R2 ≤ 1.0 for Pycanthus angolensis) and the intraparticle diffusion model (0.9 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.99 for Khaya ivorensis and 0.84 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.97 for Pycanthus angolensis). A new kinetic model was developed with R2 of 0.93 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.99 for Khaya ivorensis and 0.88 ≤ R2 ≤ 1.0 for Pycanthus angolensis.
Essence definition of notions "aim" and "ambition" while developing the strategy plan of educational institution
Authors: Molchan Andrey Yuryevich
Published: September 2016

The article describes the essence concepts "aim" and "motivation" necessary for development and further usage of strategic plan in educational institution. The work also defines the importance and possible consequences of wrong explanation of data of strategic plan components.
Improvment of prophylactic work to prevent behaviour addictions among minors
Authors: Mutallapova Rasina Floritovna
Published: September 2016

This article determines categoric device of behaviour addiction problem, methodics of diagnosing and its interpretation in the framework of carried research. Parents' help in case of behaviour addictions prevention among children is very actual.
Media economically oriented tecnologies in mass media activity
Authors: Kasperovich-Rynkevich Olga Nikolaevna
Published: September 2016

This article explores cost-effective mass media technologies. The experience of the use of paid access to the media content of Belarus was studied, the author also made the forecast on its future functioning. The paper provides global media industry trends and focuses on the use of messagers to promote content and increase the target audience of mass media. The research used the methods of content analysis and a written survey. During the study the author revealed that the media economically oriented technologies help to make a profit through distribution of content and formation of a loyal mass media audience.
Direct digital synthesis generator
Authors: Tertychnyi Kornei Sergeevich
Published: September 2016

This article illuminates one of the most promising methods for signal synthesis and also describes the basic elements used to create a signal generator and the possibility of manufacturing the device.
Premises of appearing and development of socio-psychological and economical problems among students
Authors: Pereselkina Victoria Igorevna , Zak Evgeny Mikhailovich
Published: September 2016

In the article the authors discuss the issue of student's adaptation to a new environment in the aspect of basic condition of social tension absence in students' community.
About practice of training graduate students of natural science faculties annotation of scientific articles
Authors: Gorbukhova Mariia Iurevna
Published: September 2016

This article is devoted to the training of graduate students of natural science faculties of the University to make abstracts of scientific texts. The author suggests the worked out in the practice system of teaching how to make abstracts, which includes five stages of both group and individual work. Each step of the work with graduate students, as a result of which they acquire skills of making abstracts of English-language scientific texts and of writing abstracts on their articles in English is described in detail.
Relações entre comunicação, estética e política: tensões entre as abordagens de Habermas e Rancière
Authors: Salgueiro Marques Ângela Cristina
Published: September 2016

Ao comparar as visões de Jürgen Habermas e Jacques Rancière a respeito da comunicação, da estética e da política, pretendo evidenciar que a formação de uma comunidade política expressa a tensão entre o próximo e o distante, o semelhante e o dessemelhante, o próprio e o impróprio. Ela mostra as fissuras e fragmenta a idéia do grande corpo social protegido por certezas partilhadas e amplamente unido por princípios igualitários previamente acordados e quase nunca colocados à prova. Ao recuperar os conceitos habermasianos de “mundo da vida” e “comunidade ideal de fala”, contrastando-os às noções de “desentendimento” e “comunidade de partilha” elaboradas por Rancière, argumento que a constituição de uma comunidade política deve revelar que a partilha de um mundo comum é feita, ao mesmo tempo, da tentativa de estabelecer ligações entre universos fraturados e da constante resistência à permanência desses vínculos.
Multidão-povo: a propósito da tomada das praças ao redor do mundo em 2011
Authors: Pinto Céli Regina Jardim
Published: September 2016

RESUMO

O tema deste artigo são as manifestações e ocupações de rua que se espalharam pelo mundo em 2011, atingindo a Europa, o mundo árabe, os Estados Unidos e a América Latina. O trabalho parte do pressuposto que estes acontecimentos extrapolam as conhecidas manifestações da sociedade civil ou os antigos eventos organizados por partidos de esquerda ou sindicato –, estes últimos, na maioria das vezes, com demandas meramente corporativas. O artigo está divido em duas partes: na primeira, serão examinadas as questões teóricas relacionadas, como as categorias da sociedade civil, multidão e povo. Na segunda, serão examinados exemplos escolhidos entre os acontecimentos do ano de 2011, à luz das questões levantadas na primeira parte. Os exemplos escolhidos são das manifestações na Espanha (Madri), no Egito, no Iêmen e no Chile.
Can We Foster a Culture of Peer Support and Promote Mental Health in Adolescence Using a Web-Based App? A Control Group Study
Authors: Bohleber Laura , Crameri Aureliano , Eich-Stierli Brigitte , Telesko Rainer , von Wyl Agnes
Published: September 2016

Background

Adolescence with its many transitions is a vulnerable period for the development of mental illnesses. Establishing effective mental health promotion programs for this age group is a challenge crucial to societal health. Programs must account for the specific developmental tasks that adolescents face. Considering peer influence and fostering adolescent autonomy strivings is essential. Participation in a program should be compelling to young people, and their affinity to new technologies offers unprecedented opportunities in this respect.

Objective

The Companion App was developed as a Web-based app giving adolescents access to a peer mentoring system and interactive, health-relevant content to foster a positive peer culture among adolescents and thereby strengthen social support and reduce stress.

Methods

In a control group study design, a group of employed (n=546) and unemployed (n=73) adolescents had access to the Companion App during a 10-month period. The intervention was evaluated using a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyze changes in chronic stress levels and perception of social support. Monthly feedback on the app and qualitative interviews at the end of the study allowed for an in-depth exploration of the adolescents’ perception of the intervention.

Results

Adolescents in the intervention group did not use the Companion App consistently. The intervention had no significant effect on chronic stress levels or the perception of social support. Adolescents reported endorsing the concept of the app and the implementation of a peer mentoring system in particular. However, technical difficulties and insufficiently obvious benefits of using the app impeded more frequent usage.

Conclusions

The Companion Project implemented a theory-driven and innovative approach to mental health promotion in adolescence, taking into account the specifics of this developmental phase. Particularities of the implementation context, technical aspects of the app, and insufficient incentives may have played considerable roles concerning the difficulties of the Companion Project to establish commitment. However, adopting peer mentoring as a strategy and using an app still seems to us a promising approach in mental health promotion in adolescents. Future projects should be careful to invest enough resources into the technical development of an app and consider a large use of incentives to establish commitment. When targeting risk groups, such as unemployed adolescents, it may be expedient to use more structured approaches including face-to-face support.
Anxiety in Patients Treated with Hemodialysis
Authors: Cohen Scott D. , Cukor Daniel , Kimmel Paul L.
Published: September 2016

Anxiety is a common yet frequently overlooked psychiatric symptom in patients with ESRD treated with hemodialysis (HD). Anxiety is characterized by disruptive feelings of uncertainty, dread, and fearfulness. A variety of common medical complaints may be manifestations of an anxiety disorder, including palpitations, tremors, indigestion, numbness/tingling, nervousness, shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and fear. It is essential for the clinician to rule out specific medical conditions, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurologic diseases, before ascribing these symptoms to an anxiety disorder. In addition, there is considerable overlap between the symptoms of anxiety and those of depression and uremia. This psychiatric condition has a significant adverse impact on patients’ perception of quality of life. Little is known regarding the prevalence and impact of anxiety disorders in patients with ESRD treated with HD; however, many of the seemingly irrational behaviors of patients, or behaviors which place them in conflict with staff and physicians, such as behavioral noncompliance, may be the expression of an underlying anxiety disorder. In this review, we present three clinical vignettes, highlighting the impact of anxiety disorders in patients with ESRD treated with HD.
Statistical Methods for Cohort Studies of CKD: Prediction Modeling
Authors: Roy Jason , Shou Haochang , Xie Dawei , Hsu Jesse Y. , Yang Wei , Anderson Amanda H. , Landis J. Richard , Jepson Christopher , He Jiang , Liu Kathleen D. , Hsu Chi-yuan , Feldman Harold I. ,   on behalf of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study Investigators
Published: September 2016

Prediction models are often developed in and applied to CKD populations. These models can be used to inform patients and clinicians about the potential risks of disease development or progression. With increasing availability of large datasets from CKD cohorts, there is opportunity to develop better prediction models that will lead to more informed treatment decisions. It is important that prediction modeling be done using appropriate statistical methods to achieve the highest accuracy, while avoiding overfitting and poor calibration. In this paper, we review prediction modeling methods in general from model building to assessing model performance as well as the application to new patient populations. Throughout, the methods are illustrated using data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study.
THE EFFECT OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES ON TAMOXIFEN-RESISTANT BREAST CANCER CELLS
Authors: Eskiler Gamze Guney , Cecener Gulsah , Dikmen Gokhan , Genc Lutfi , Egeli Unal
Published: September 2016

To overcome the acquired Tamoxifen (Tam) resistance in Tam-resistant breast cancer cells without damaging normal cells, we have examined the therapeutic efficacy of Tam-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Tam-loaded SLNs were produced by hot homogenization method. After characterization, in vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of Tam-SLNs were evaluated in MCF7, MCF7-TamR (Tam-resistant breast cancer cells) and MCF10A cells. Tam-SLNs had an average size nearly 300 nm and a zeta potential of approximately-40 mV. In vitro cytotoxicity results showed that Tam-SLNs indicated the cytotoxic and apoptotic activity on MCF7 and MCF7-TamR cells. We found that MCF7-TamR cell viability was also suppressed significantly by Tam-SLNs and thus, Tam-SLNs could delay and overcome Tam-resistance (p<0.05). Furthermore, the Tam-SLNs did not induce apoptosis on MCF10A control cells. The lowest MCF10A cell viability was 83.0% whereas MCF7 and MCF7-TamR (R↔ and R↑) cells viability are reduced to 21.98%, 27.5% and 29.4% at 10 µM of Tam-SLNs, respectively (p<0.05). The obtained results were supported by apoptosis assays. SLNs-delivery system provided therapeutic efficacy to overcome Tam-resistance thanks to unique features of SLNs including small size, drug accumulation in the tumor site and controlled drug release. Therefore, Tam-SLNs may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of TAM-resistant breast cancer.
QUANTIFICATION OF CSF VELOCITY THROUGH THE NARROWEST POINT IN AQUEDUCT OF SYLVIA FOR NORMAL AND NORMAL PRESSURE HYDROCEPHALUS PATIENT BY CFD ANALYSIS
Authors: H Thalakotunage A. , Sethaput Thunyaseth
Published: September 2016

The aim of this comprehensive study is to quantify the velocity variation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for narrowest point in aqueduct of Sylvia (AqSylv) of normal patients and normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) patient by corresponds to its concave shapes of anteriorly and inferiorly. T1-weighted 3-T magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the head in DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) format were taken from three controlled patients whose were admitted to Thammasat Hospital, Thailand. Patients were 29 to 52 y of age with two normal patients and one (NPH) patient. DICOM files were three-dimensionally reconstructed by using 3D slicer software, and geometric information of an aqueduct for all three cases was noted. Solid models of the aqueduct for both normal patient and NPH condition were developed based on the geometric information. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were analyzed to quantify the CSF velocity variation throughout the narrowest point of the aqueduct for both cases, i.e. normal and NPH condition. Retrospective results of “mathematical model for dynamics of CSF through the aqueduct of Sylvia based on an analogy of arterial dilation and contraction” were used as initial data for ANSYS CFX analysis. The results showed the CSF flow through the aqueduct in a pulsatile pattern in both cases. At the narrowest point of the aqueduct, amplitude of peak CSF velocity for NPH patients was significantly higher than that of normal patient. CSF velocity variation throughout the aqueduct co-relates with the pressure gradient inside the aqueduct and increased in the third ventricle direction.
Combined Analysis of Three Large Interventional Trials With Gliptins Indicates Increased Incidence of Acute Pancreatitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Tkáč Ivan , Raz Itamar
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

Data on the possible relationship of gliptin treatment with the incidence of acute pancreatitis have been controversial. The aim of the current study was to combine data on the incidence of acute pancreatitis from three large randomized controlled trials.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Three trials designed to test cardiovascular safety and efficacy of add-on treatment with a gliptin were included in the analysis, as follows: SAVOR-TIMI 53 (saxagliptin), EXAMINE (alogliptin), and TECOS (sitagliptin). The trials included 18,238 gliptin-treated patients and 18,157 placebo-treated patients. Data were combined using a random-effects model meta-analysis.

RESULTS

The incidence of acute pancreatitis was significantly increased in the gliptin-treated patients when compared with the control groups (odds ratio 1.79 [95% CI 1.13–2.82], P = 0.013). The difference in the absolute risk was small (0.13%).

CONCLUSIONS

Treatment with gliptins significantly increased the risk for acute pancreatitis in a combined analysis of three large controlled randomized trials.
Phenotypic study of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and their relationship with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at Tertiary Care in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Singh Ganesh Kumar , Chaudhari Bigu Kumar , Parajuli Kamal Prasad
Published: September 2016

Background Resistance to antimicrobial agents is prevalent among Staphylococci. This has led to wide uses of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. MLSB though chemically distinct, have similar target site and mode of action. The multiple mechanisms are responsible for resistance to MLSB antibiotics which can lead to clinical failure. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of inducible and constitutive clindamycin resistance among clinical isolates of S. aureus and their relationship with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Material & Methods A total of 336 unique Staphylococcus aureus isolates from different clinical samples obtained from patients were studied. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method. “D test” was performed to detect inducible clindamycin resistance as per CLSI guidelines. MRSA was detected using Cefoxitin (30μg) and results were interpreted according to CLSI criteria.Results Inducible clindamycin resistance was seen in 45 (13.39%), constitutive clindamycin resistance was seen among 58 (17.26%) while MS phenotype was observed among 38(11.30%) of isolates. Inducible resistance as well as constitutive resistance was higher among MRSA as compared to MSSA (21.11%, 4.48% and 21.11%, 12.82%respectively).Conclusion The Successful use of clindamycin for the treatment of infection caused by S. aureus can be predicted based on the result of simple and inexpensive D test.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 5, Number 1, Issue 8, January-July 2016, 1-5
Application of carbon reinforced composites and rapid prototyping in low volume automotive production
Authors: Durgun İsmail , Kuş Abdil , Çankaya Oğuzhan , Unver Ertu
Published: September 2016

In this publication, a method was developed for the production of plastic parts for the use in low volume automotive production. The hollow parts having a complex geometry were produced in blown plastic injection molds. The part production method employed a combination of carbon fiber reinforced composites and rapid prototyping technology. Surface operations were applied on the core model and the effects of the surface quality were researched as a case study. The fused deposition modeling method was used to build the core from soluble material. This technique affected the inside surface roughness and quality of the final parts. As these types of components require smooth surfaces for good air flow and low resistance, the surface area of the physical model of the soluble core was unfortunately too rough to be used directly in the carbon fabric application process and consequently, required preliminary surface treatment in order to improve the surface quality of the manifold part. Specimens were fabricated using different surface treatments in order to determine the smoothest surface quality. The best result was obtained using the acetone-gelcoat post-processing method.
Direction-dependent mechanical characterization of cellulose-based composite vulcanized fiber
Authors: Scholz Ronja , Mittendorf Roman-Marius , Engels Jenni Kristin , Hartmaier Alexander , Künne Bernd , Walther Frank
Published: September 2016

Vulcanized fiber is a macromolecular cellulose-based composite material manufactured using the parchmentizing process. The cellulose is produced from the chemical digestion of plant-based raw materials (wood, cotton) or textile waste. Chemical additives used during manufacturing are completely removed. After the process, vulcanized fiber possesses improved properties concerning mechanical strength and abrasion as well as corrosion resistance in comparison to its raw materials. Concerning its economic life cycle assessment, low density, electrical insulating capability and balanced properties, vulcanized fiber has a potential, up to now unused, as a light and renewable structural material for applications in automotive or civil engineering industries. Research activities concerning the mechanical properties are insufficient and existing standards are out-of-date. In this work, for the first time a direction-dependent characterization of the process-related anisotropic mechanical properties of the material is realized with the aim to formulate an adequate material model for numerical simulations in the next step.
Acicular ferrite nucleation as a diffusion controlled process in high strength low alloyed (HSLA) steel weld metal
Authors: Hosseinioun Mir Mostafa , Moeini Ghazal
Published: September 2016

Acicular ferrite is a desirable microstructure in high strength low alloy steel weld metal. This is due to its improved toughness and the enhanced mechanical properties of the weld metal. Although the nucleation of acicular ferrite has been studied by many researchers, the exact mechanisms of its nucleation and growth are still under discussion and remained unclear. In this research work, the mechanism of acicular ferrite formation in the weld metal as cast structure has been clarified as diffusion controlled solid state phase transformation. This is based on the classic theory of nucleation and growth which can contribute to possible increase of nucleation sites and growth of intergranular ferrite in HSLA steel weld metal. Therefore, it could be considered that inclusions are not acting as a nucleation site for the intergranular acicular ferrite. Consequently, our results revealed that, in austenite transformation to pro-eutectoid and acicular ferrite, manganese as an austenite stabilizer alloying element is playing an important role in the nucleation and growth of the ferrite grains. It should be added that cooling rate accompanied with the presence of other alloying elements has influenced the type and morphology of the final ferrite microstructure and constituent products.
Effect of nanoclay on the mechanical behavior of epoxy composites
Authors: Vivekanandhan Chinnasamy , Sampath Pavayee Subramani
Published: September 2016

The present study investigated the mechanical characteristics of epoxy strips reinforced with Cloisite 30B nanoclay. Epoxy materials were reinforced with different particulate fractions of chosen nanoclay and the specimens were investigated regarding mechanical properties such as tensile, impact and flexural strengths. The nanoclay content was varied from 2 to10 wt.-% of the total matrix in the matrices. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites mainly depended on the dispersion condition of the filler particles, particle size and aggregate structure. Improved tensile modulus, flexural modulus and impact strength in bending properties with less nanoclay content were observed and were found to decrease with increased filler content.
Acoustic emission testing of the machining performance of SiC grinding wheel shaped Al2O3 ceramics
Authors: Kanakarajan Periyasamy , Sundaram Sengottuvelu , Kumaravel Arumugam , Rajasekar Rathanasamy , Venkatachalam Ramasamy
Published: September 2016

Engineering ceramic materials are one among the key components of technology due to their outstanding physico-mechanical properties like hardness, toughness, wear resistance and chemical stability at elevated temperatures. On the other hand, the stated unique properties of ceramics exhibit complexity during machining. Under such circumstances, online monitoring of cutting tools plays a major role. The present study involves acoustic emission (AE) testing technique for condition monitoring of machine tools. Various grades of alumina ceramics had been machined using SiC grinding wheel. Grinding process parameters like depth of cut and feed rate were varied. Introducing AE technique, the following parameters like energy, amplitude of grinding wheel wear and surface roughness of alumina ceramics were analyzed.
Complication rates, lengths of stay, and readmission rates in “awake” and “asleep” deep brain simulation
Authors: Chen Tsinsue , Mirzadeh Zaman , Chapple Kristina , Lambert Margaret , Ponce Francisco A.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

As the number of deep brain stimulation (DBS) procedures performed under general anesthesia (“asleep” DBS) increases, it is more important to assess the rates of adverse events, inpatient lengths of stay (LOS), and 30-day readmission rates in patients undergoing these procedures compared with those in patients undergoing traditional “awake” DBS without general anesthesia.

METHODS

All patients in an institutional database who had undergone awake or asleep DBS procedures performed by a single surgeon between August 2011 and August 2014 were reviewed. Adverse events, inpatient LOS, and 30-day readmissions were analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 490 electrodes were placed in 284 patients, of whom 126 (44.4%) underwent awake surgery and 158 (55.6%) underwent asleep surgery. The most frequent overall complication for the cohort was postoperative mental status change (13 patients [4.6%]), followed by hemorrhage (4 patients [1.4%]), seizure (4 patients [1.4%]), and hardware-related infection (3 patients [1.1%]). Mean LOS for all 284 patients was 1.19 ± 1.29 days (awake: 1.06 ± 0.46 days; asleep: 1.30 ± 1.67 days; p = 0.08). Overall, the 30-day readmission rate was 1.4% (1 awake patient, 3 asleep patients). There were no significant differences in complications, LOS, and 30-day readmissions between awake and asleep groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Both awake and asleep DBS can be performed safely with low complication rates. The authors found no significant differences between the 2 procedure groups in adverse events, inpatient LOS, and 30-day readmission rates.
An assessment of data and methodology of online surgeon scorecards
Authors: Xu Linda W. , Li Amy , Swinney Christian , Babu Maya , Veeravagu Anand , Wolfe Stacey Quintero , Nahed Brian V. , Ratliff John K.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

Recently, 2 surgeon rating websites (Consumers' Checkbook and ProPublica) were published to allow the public to compare surgeons through identifying surgeon volume and complication rates. Among neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons, only cervical and lumbar spine, hip, and knee procedures were included in this assessment.

METHODS

The authors examined the methodology of each website to assess potential sources of inaccuracy. Each online tool was queried for reports on neurosurgeons specializing in spine surgery and orthopedic surgeons specializing in spine, hip, or knee surgery. Surgeons were chosen from top-ranked hospitals in the US, as recorded by a national consumer publication ranking system, within the fields of neurosurgery and orthopedic surgery. The results were compared for accuracy and surgeon representation, and the results of the 2 websites were also compared.

RESULTS

The methodology of each site was found to have opportunities for bias and limited risk adjustment. The end points assessed by each site were actually not complications, but proxies of complication occurrence. A search of 510 surgeons (401 orthopedic surgeons [79%] and 109 neurosurgeons [21%]) showed that only 28% and 56% of surgeons had data represented on Consumers' Checkbook and ProPublica, respectively. There was a significantly higher chance of finding surgeon data on ProPublica (p < 0.001). Of the surgeons from top-ranked programs with data available, 17% were quoted to have high complication rates, 13% with lower volume than other surgeons, and 79% had a 3-star out of 5-star rating. There was no significant correlation found between the number of stars a surgeon received on Consumers' Checkbook and his or her adjusted complication rate on ProPublica.

CONCLUSIONS

Both the Consumers' Checkbook and ProPublica websites have significant methodological issues. Neither site assessed complication occurrence, but rather readmissions or prolonged length of stay. Risk adjustment was limited or nonexistent. A substantial number of neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons from top-ranked hospitals have no ratings on either site, or have data that suggests they are low-volume surgeons or have higher complication rates. Consumers' Checkbook and ProPublica produced different results with little correlation between the 2 websites in how surgeons were graded. Given the significant methodological issues, incomplete data, and lack of appropriate risk stratification of patients, the featured websites may provide erroneous information to the public.
A new perspective on synchrotron radiation applications: Runaway electrons studies using a hard x-ray detection in tokamaks
Authors: Ghanbari K. , Salar Elahi A. , Ghoranneviss M.
Published: September 2016

The synchrotron radiation emitted by runaway electrons in fusion plasma provides information regarding the particle momentum and pitch-angles of the runaway electron population through the strong dependence of the synchrotron spectrum on these parameters. Information about the runaway density and its spatial distribution, as well as the time evolution of the above quantities, can also be deduced. On the other hand, control of radial electric filed and suggestion of the methods to reduce plasma turbulence are important issues in confinement process and particle transport in the tokamaks. In this work, the effects of positive limiter biasing on electrical fluctuations and hard x-ray have been investigated. For this purpose, the radial and poloidal electric fields have been measured using the Langmuir probe, and hard x-ray has been measured using the Scintillator detector. The biased electric voltage was +250 V. Also, electrical fluctuations are analyzed using wavelet transform technique in the presence of positive biasing and without it. The results show that time-frequency activity of radial electric field multiplies in the presence of positive biasing while poloidal electric filed frequency intensity decreases.
Rapid, Portable, Multiplexed Detection of Bacterial Pathogens Directly from Clinical Sample Matrices
Authors: Phaneuf Christopher , Mangadu Betty , Piccini Matthew , Singh Anup , Koh Chung-Yan
Published: September 2016

Enteric and diarrheal diseases are a major cause of childhood illness and death in countries with developing economies. Each year, more than half of a million children under the age of five die from these diseases. We have developed a portable, microfluidic platform capable of simultaneous, multiplexed detection of several of the bacterial pathogens that cause these diseases. This platform can perform fast, sensitive immunoassays directly from relevant, complex clinical matrices such as stool without extensive sample cleanup or preparation. Using only 1 µL of sample per assay, we demonstrate simultaneous multiplexed detection of four bacterial pathogens implicated in diarrheal and enteric diseases in less than 20 min.
Self-Assembly Kinetics of Colloidal Particles inside Monodispersed Micro-Droplet and Fabrication of Anisotropic Photonic Crystal Micro-Particles
Authors: Zhang Ming-Yu , Xu Ke , Xu Jian-Hong , Luo Guang-Sheng
Published: September 2016

A new microfluidic approach to preparing anisotropic colloidal photonic crystal microparticles is developed and the self-assembly kinetics of colloidal nanoparticles is discussed. Based on the “coffee ring” effect in the self-assembly process of colloidal silica particle in strong solvent extraction environment, we successfully prepared anisotropic photonic crystal microparticles with different shapes and improved optical properties. The shapes and optical properties of photonic crystal microparticles can be controlled by adjusting the droplet size and extraction rate. We studied the self-assembly mechanism of colloidal silica particles in strong solvent extraction environment, which has potential applications in a variety of fields including optical communication technology, environmental response, photo-catalysis and chromic material.