bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-management of chronic low back pain: Four viewpoints from patients and healthcare providers
Authors: Stenner Paul , Cross Vinnette , McCrum Carol , McGowan Janet , Defever Emmanuel , Lloyd Phil , Poole Robert , Moore Ann P
Published: November 2015

A move towards self-management is central to health strategy around chronic low back pain, but its concept and meaning for those involved are poorly understood. In the reported study, four distinct and shared viewpoints on self-management were identified among people with pain and healthcare providers using Q methodology. Each construes self-management in a distinctive manner and articulates a different vision of change. Identification of similarities and differences among the viewpoints holds potential for enhancing communication between patients and healthcare providers and for better understanding the complexities of self-management in practice.
Utilization of the Nursing Process to Foster Clinical Reasoning During a Simulation Experience
Authors: Lambie Amanda , Schwend Kelly , Scholl Andrea
Published: November 2015

Nursing practice includes complex reasoning and multifaceted decision making with minimal standardized guidance in how to evaluate this phenomenon among nursing students. Learning outcomes related to the clinical reasoning process among novice baccalaureate nursing students during a simulation experience were evaluated. Nursing process records were utilized to evaluate and foster the development of clinical reasoning in a high-fidelity medical-surgical simulation experience. Students were unable to describe and process pertinent patient information appropriately prior to the simulation experience. Students’ ability to identify pertinent patient cues and plan appropriate patient care improved following the simulation. The learning activity afforded a structured opportunity to identify cues, prioritize the proper course of nursing interventions, and engage in collaboration among peers. The simulation experience provides faculty insight into the students’ clinical reasoning processes, while providing students with a clear framework for successfully accomplishing learning outcomes.
Perceived Social Cohesion, Frequency of Going Out, and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults
Authors: Choi Namkee G. , Kim Jinseok , DiNitto Diana M. , Marti C. Nathan
Published: November 2015

Objective: To examine both cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between older adults’ perceptions of social cohesion in their community and depressive symptoms and the potential mediating effect of the frequency of going outside one’s home/building. Method: Using two waves (T1 and T2) of the National Health and Aging Trend Study ( n = 5,326), gender-stratified structural equation models were estimated to determine direct and indirect effects of perceived social cohesion on depressive symptoms. Results: At T1, both perceived cohesion and frequency of going out were directly associated with depressive symptoms; however, perceived cohesion predicted frequency of going out only for women. At T2, only frequency of going out was directly associated with depressive symptoms, although perceived cohesion predicted frequency of going out for both genders. T1 perceived cohesion did not predict T2 depressive symptoms. T1 depressive symptoms were the strongest predictor of T2 depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of enhancing the social environment in promoting mental health in late life through active aging.
Skilled migrants and labour market integration: how important is the selection process?
Authors: van de Ven Justin , Voitchovsky Sarah
Published: November 2015

Although many OECD countries use skilled migration to boost economic performance, there is surprisingly little direct empirical evidence concerning what effects historical initiatives in this area have had. This study estimates the effects of Australia’s recent shift toward a ‘hybrid approach’ for managing economic migration, which increased the requirements for (supply-driven) independent skilled migrants at the same time that (demand-driven) employer-sponsored migration was expanded. We find that this combination of policy adjustments substantively improved short-term employment outcomes amongst skilled migrants six months after taking up permanent residency.
A new model for non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae middle ear infection in the Junbo mutant mouse
Authors: Hood Derek , Moxon Richard , Purnell Tom , Richter Caroline , Williams Debbie , Azar Ali , Crompton Michael , Wells Sara , Fray Martin , Brown Steve D. M. , Cheeseman Michael T.
Published: November 2015

Acute otitis media, inflammation of the middle ear, is the most common bacterial infection in children and, as a consequence, is the most common reason for antimicrobial prescription to this age group. There is currently no effective vaccine for the principal pathogen involved, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). The most frequently used and widely accepted experimental animal model of middle ear infection is in chinchillas, but mice and gerbils have also been used. We have established a robust model of middle ear infection by NTHi in the Junbo mouse, a mutant mouse line that spontaneously develops chronic middle ear inflammation in specific pathogen-free conditions. The heterozygote Junbo mouse (Jbo/+) bears a mutation in a gene (Evi1, also known as Mecom) that plays a role in host innate immune regulation; pre-existing middle ear inflammation promotes NTHi middle ear infection. A single intranasal inoculation with NTHi produces high rates (up to 90%) of middle ear infection and bacterial titres (104-105 colony-forming units/µl) in bulla fluids. Bacteria are cleared from the majority of middle ears between day 21 and 35 post-inoculation but remain in approximately 20% of middle ears at least up to day 56 post-infection. The expression of Toll-like receptor-dependent response cytokine genes is elevated in the middle ear of the Jbo/+ mouse following NTHi infection. The translational potential of the Junbo model for studying antimicrobial intervention regimens was shown using a 3 day course of azithromycin to clear NTHi infection, and its potential use in vaccine development studies was shown by demonstrating protection in mice immunized with killed homologous, but not heterologous, NTHi bacteria.
Dynamics and thermal sensitivity of ballistic and non-ballistic feeding in salamanders
Authors: Deban Stephen M. , Scales Jeffrey A.
Published: November 2015

Low temperature reduces the performance of muscle-powered movements, but in movements powered by elastic-recoil mechanisms, this effect can be mitigated and performance can be increased. To better understand the morphological basis of high performance and thermal robustness of elastically powered movements, we compared feeding dynamics at a range of temperatures (5-25°C) in two species of terrestrial plethodontid salamanders, Plethodon metcalfi and Ensatina eschscholtzii, which differ in tongue muscle architecture and the mechanism of tongue projection. We found that Ensatina is capable of ballistic projection with a mean muscle-mass-specific power of 2100 W kg−1, revealing an elastic mechanism. Plethodon, in contrast, projected its tongue non-ballistically with a mean power of only 18 W kg−1, indicating it is muscle-powered. Ensatina projected the tongue significantly farther than Plethodon and with dynamics that had significantly lower thermal sensitivity at temperatures below 15°C. These performance differences were correlated with morphological differences, namely elongated collagenous aponeuroses in the projector muscle of Ensatina as compared to Plethodon which are likely the site of energy storage, and the absence in Ensatina of projector muscle fibers attaching to the tongue skeleton that allows projection to be truly ballistic. These findings demonstrate that, in these otherwise similar species, the presence in one species of elaborated connective tissue in series with myofibers confers not only 10-fold greater absolute performance but also greater thermal robustness of performance. We conclude that changes in muscle and connective-tissue architecture are sufficient to alter significantly the mechanics, performance and thermal robustness of musculoskeletal systems.
TAXATION OF THE NONPROFIT SECTOR: CHALLENGES AND INNOVATIONS OF 2015
Authors: Дорошина  , Doroshina Olga
Published: November 2015

The variety of forms of NCOs and activities, the availability of different methods and sources of their financial support, changing legislation and other circumstances of the implementation of NGO activities are prerequisites that the taxation of non-profit organizations do not cease to be relevant. The paper describes some peculiarities of taxation of NGOs, business structures in the field of their charities. Based on current tax law changes 2015. Describes the problems NGOs and provides a brief overview of the status of this field at the moment in Russia and the Republic of Tatarstan.
PROMOTING NGO CIVIL INITIATIVE OF MODERN RUSSIAN LAWMAKING
Authors: Ульянова  , Ulyanova Irina
Published: November 2015

The article deals with the transformation of the legal field activities by NGOs in the regions of the Central Federal District as a form of civil initiative. Highlighted problems in the formation of legal field of activities by NGOs in the regions of Russia. The author concludes that one of the problematic factors cost-effective activities by NGOs is tax policy. The features of the choice of organizational form with NGOs. The study was funded by RFH in the framework of a research project RHF "Transformation of social stability-oriented non-profit organizations in the conditions of formation of inter-sectoral social partnership in the Russian Federation", the project number 14-02-00119
FEATURES OF MODERN ELECTORAL SYSTEM IN WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, GERMANY)
Authors: Никитенко  , Nikitenko Aleksey
Published: November 2015

The article is devoted to comparative analysis of electoral systems in leading Western European countries: Great Britain, France and Germany. The author examines different electoral systems existing in world-wide practice, points out that their existence in pure form is limited by only few countries; at the same time the states use mixed, “combined” models of electoral systems, introducing new particular and specified elements. Particular attention is paid to studying of modern normative legal documents of electoral systems. Key reforms and trends in national legislations of modern period are analyzed; strengths and weaknesses of each system are mentioned. The author came to the conclusion that it is possible to apply best practices of the European electoral technologies for Russian electoral system and social and political life of the Russian society.
DEMOCRATIC ETATISM AS A WAY OF ORGANIZATION OF STATE POWER: MAIN FEATURES
Authors: Дорофеев  , Dorofeev Arkadiy
Published: November 2015

The article analyzes the processes of etatization of public authorities in countries with emerging democracy. The author has the view that there is a democratic type of etatism in political practice of modern democratic countries. The author concludes that the presence of etatistic tendencies in the form of increased state control of the process of political decision-making, government regulation of the unit of social and economic relations, etc. is not contrary to the democratic vector of social development; but the synthesis of declared democratic values and etatistic realities allows to select the type of democratic etatization as one of the varieties of modern etatism. The main criterion for distinction of democratic etatism from other varieties, according to the author, is existence of constitutionally set principles of democracy, as well as actual extent of state intervention in public life.
DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY IN THE CONDITIONS OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION
Authors: Абакумов  , Abakumov Stanislav
Published: November 2015

The tendencies of development of tourism in Russia in 2015 are examined in the article; predictions and possible vectors of evolution of tourism in Russia are presented. Statistics on external and internal tourism in Russia in the 1st quarter of 2015 is analyzed; development policy of internal tourism is considered and its results are characterized. Russian tourism is having some problems with the support of internal tourism now, so the examination of last tendencies and statistics about the tourist streams in Russia are really up-to-date. Thie research will provide the complex decision of the task of reorientation of tourist streams from external to internal.
A qualitative methodological framework to assess uptake of evidence on social determinants of health in health policy
Authors: Fisher Matthew , Baum Frances , MacDougall Colin , Newman Lareen , McDermott Dennis
Published: November 2015

Despite abundant evidence on social determinants of health (SDH) and health inequities, effective uptake of the evidence in health policies of high-income countries has been limited. Health policies might acknowledge evidence on SDH but still direct most strategies towards biomedical and behavioural interventions. This article reports on a framework developed for qualitative analysis of health policy documents to assess how and to what extent policies address health inequities and SDH outside health care services. This framework provides an effective way to interrogate health policies on key points raised in recent literature about the translation of evidence on SDH into policy.
A theory of change for capacity building for the use of research evidence by decision makers in southern Africa
Authors: Stewart Ruth
Published: November 2015

The effective use of public policy to reduce poverty and inequality in southern Africa requires an increased use of research evidence to inform decision making. There is an absence of clear evidence as to how best to encourage evidence-informed decision making, and how to build capacity among decision makers in the use of research. This paper proposes a demand-focused approach for increasing the use of evidence in policy, presenting strategies supporting ‘pull’ activities and closer linkages and exchanges between producers and users. The paper shares for discussion a people-focused theory of change for building capacity to use research evidence amongst policy makers in southern Africa.
Redes sociais: perceções de aprendizagem em ambiente formal, não‑formal e informal por parte de jovens, seus encarregados de educação e seus professores
Authors: Tomé Vitor
Published: November 2015

As redes sociais online (RSO) são ferramentas com potencial no desenvolvimento da literacia digital, focada na aquisição de competências técnicas, de análise crítica e de práticas de formação, contextualmente situada em contextos de aprendizagem formal e informal complementares. Apresentamos neste artigo os resultados de uma investigação que visou compreender se há condições para concretizar o potencial das RSO, pelo que inquirimos jovens portugueses (10‑16), seus professores e encarregados de educação (EE), a que se seguiram entrevistas de grupos focais e entrevistas semiestruturadas, seguindo o design dos métodos mistos. Os professores reconhecem potencial pedagógico às RSO, mas consideram, tal como os alunos e os EE, que a aprendizagem com recurso às RSO ocorre sobretudo no contexto informal, que veem como quase estanque em relação ao formal, não se sentindo preparados para os integrar no caso específico das RSO.
Rubricas humorísticas das rádios portuguesas como desconstrução da atualidade
Authors: Pereira Luís , Ribeiro Fábio
Published: November 2015

A paródia é uma forma de desconstruir a realidade e pode muito bem contribuirpara manter as pessoas informadas – sendo esta dimensão informativa uma parterelevante da Educação para os Media. A programação das manhãs da rádio em Portugal apresenta diversos espaços humorísticos. Com esta investigação exploratória pretende‑se fazer uma recolha de todos os programas satíricos de curta duração das principais rádios portuguesas para compreender se esses programas têm como tópico a atualidade informativa. Para além da análise de cerca de 50 programas de caráter humorístico, este trabalho inclui ainda dados sobre a percepção de mais de uma centena de ouvintes relativamente à rádio e ao humor. Uma das sugestões dos ouvintes inquiridos é precisamente que os programas satíricos versem mais sobre as temáticas da atualidade política e social.
A pluralização do debate democrático nas decisões de controle concentrado do STF
Authors: Schroeder Pontes Leonardo Quadros
Published: November 2015

O presente artigo busca esclarecer questões atinentes a participação da sociedade do debate das inconstitucionalidades apreciadas pelo STF, na medida que a legitimidade exclusiva deste órgão para processar e julgar este tipo de ação, é questionada frente a ausência de democracia para a formação daquela Corte julgadora.
Passagem forçada e servidão de trânsito: limitações distintas ao direito de propriedade
Authors: Serafim Marcéli Da Silva
Published: November 2015

Este artigo científico trata da distinção entre passagem forçada e servidão de trânsito, institutos compreendidos no direito das coisas. A servidão de trânsito constitui direito real de gozo sobre coisa alheia e deriva, na maioria das vezes, de acordo entre as partes, ao passo que a passagem forçada é restrição involuntária, infligida pela lei, dizendo respeito à falta de saída de um prédio para a via pública, exigindo-se, portanto, o encravamento do prédio dominante.
O princípio constitucional da igualdade, a lei Maria da Penha e a magistratura brasileira
Authors: Leite Júnior Ivens Antônio
Published: November 2015

O presente artigo utiliza do método indutivo, auxiliado pela técnica do referente, definindo categorias e apresentando conceitos operacionais, bem como fichamentos temáticos relativos à pesquisa bibliográfica realizada sobre o tema pesquisado. Para tanto, aborda inicialmente digressões acerca do controle de constitucionalidade, conceitos, contextualização histórica, classificação e métodos de controle. Define o princípio constitucional da igualdade, de forma a conceituá-lo. Expõe efetivamente a Lei 11.340/06, e ressaltada a importância do caso Maria da Penha Maia Fernandes na positivação da norma. Discute a constitucionalidade ou não do artigo 41 da Lei 11.340/06 destacando argumentação doutrinária e jurisprudencial pela constitucionalidade e inconstitucionalidade do dispositivo, trazendo ao leitor subterfúgios suficientes para firmar posicionamento, analisa decisões de alguns Tribunais brasileiros, expõe alguns entendimentos da magistratura brasileira acerca do assunto e a Ação Declaratória de Constitucionalidade que discute o tema deste artigo.
Ativismo judicial
Authors: Santos Paulo Junior Trindade dos , Balestrin Thelleen Aparecida
Published: November 2015

Investiga-se no estudo a Evolução do Estado de Direito, demonstrando o crescimento tangencial do Poder Judiciário, fortalecido pelos novos modelos Constitucionais, que dão respaldo há uma maior interferência de seus Tribunais. Portanto, o Poder Judiciário passou a “criar direito” por meio de sua atividade, legislando negativamente, pois é este um Poder Político que usa da interpretação jurídica constitucional construtiva, chamada de Ativismo Judicial. Defende-se o Ativismo Judicial Substancialista, que legitima-se pelo Poder Judiciário fortalecido, pelo Poder Constituinte Originário e pelas sociedades democráticas.
A indenização da vítima no juízo cível com base em sentença penal condenatória transitada em julgado
Authors: Lovato Luiz Gustavo
Published: November 2015

 O processo criminal tem por escopo prin­cipal a punição do agente que pratica um crime. Por punição a lei prevê a privação de liberdade, a restrição de direitos e a multa, todos cumpridos perante o Estado. A reparação ou compensação do dano sofrido pela vítima é um efeito secundário da condenação penal, que lhe permite não mais discutir esse direito, mas executar diretamente o seu crédito em face do condenado. A participação da vítima do processo criminal, porém, é mínima, resumindo-se ao depoimento. Ela não tem espaço para requerer a condenação do réu a lhe inde­nizar e, menos ainda, produzir provas relacionadas à extensão do dano sofrido. Com base nesses problemas, a execução direta da sentença penal condenatória transitada em julgado, sem a neces­sidade de liquidação prévia no cível, torna-se cada vez mais difícil de ser realizada. Quiçá impossível.
Tutela antecipada e pedido incontroverso à luz da razoável duração do processo
Authors: Gonçalves Alan Robson de Souza
Published: November 2015

O presente artigo expõe a autonomia e características da antecipação de tutela decor­rente da incontrovérsia de um ou mais pedidos, ou ainda, sobre parte do(s) pedido(s). Prossegue­-se com a abordagem de pontos nodais que dão ensejo a diversas divergências sobre sua aplicação e natureza, tendo em vista os efeitos daí decor­rentes. Por fim, busca-se pontuar o substancial peso do instituto frente o postulado constitucional que constituiu um dos maiores desafios da proces­sualística contemporânea, qual seja, assegurar a razoável duração do processo
Aplicação prática nos cursos de direito dos meios alternativos de solução de conflitos (conciliação, mediação e arbitragem)
Authors: Silva Eduardo Peruffo e
Published: November 2015

Verifica-se, na atualidade, uma sobre­carga do Poder Judiciário brasileiro, em especial no que tange a processos relacionados a direitos que podem ser solucionados sem a necessidade da intervenção estatal, os chamados direitos disponí­veis. Somado a isso, está o despreparo dos aplica­dores do direito para lidar com a possibilidade de composição de litígios, uma vez que as faculdades de direito tem um enfoque muito maior na prática do litígio do que na formulação de acordos. Busca o presente trabalho, portanto, apresentar e explicar os meios de solução de conflitos existentes no Direito brasileiro, bem como apresentar aborda­gens práticas para que os professores tenham melhores e mais eficazes mecanismos de ensino do tema, para uma melhor prática processual.
Articulação de competências no poder municipal: um estudo sobre a sua recente reforma em Portugal
Authors: Catarino João Ricardo , Silva Miguel Matias Reis , Cristóvam José Sérgio da Silva
Published: November 2015

Os poderes dos órgãos do Poder Municipal nem sempre se articulam adequadamente. As reformas da Administração Municipal realizadas em todo o mundo têm como objetivo essa melhoria. A mais recente reforma, ocorrida em Portugal em 2013, visou igualmente essa finalidade e inspirou-se no Docu­mento Verde da Reforma da Administração Local, lançado em 2011 pelo XIX Governo Constitucional. Os objetivos definidos são os de melhorar a eficiência e a eficácia da gestão pública e definir um novo para­digma da gestão local, por meio de uma melhor organização do território, da melhoria da gestão e do financiamento e do reforço da democracia local. Este ensaio visa averiguar o impacto que esta reforma teve nas compe­tências dos órgãos autárquicos mais importantes: as Assem­bleias Municipais, as Câmaras Municipais, os Presidentes de Câmara e as Juntas de Freguesia (subunidades municipais). A escolha desses órgãos deve-se ao fato de serem os que detêm os poderes deliberativo e execu­tivo no nível municipal.
A incompatibilidade entre a acepção de moralidade e a responsabilidade culposa
Authors: Mangullo Marcella Querino
Published: November 2015

O tema não é novo. A aferição da culpa na responsabili­dade de atos perpetrados em face da moralidade administrativa é talvez um dos temas mais discu­tidos e consolidados na jurispru­dência brasileira, considerando sua previsão em apenas um dos artigos daqueles que preveem os atos de improbidade na Lei nº 8.429/92, e responsabilidade dolosa nos demais. No entanto, apesar de o tema já estar sedimen­tado, ainda não nos conformamos com essa possibilidade de respon­sabilidade culposa, uma vez que, a nosso ver, a culpa é incompatível com o conceito de moralidade, ainda que tal conceito não seja jurídico-positivo. Esta é a razão pela qual resolvemos rememorar a discussão.
O princípio da proibição do retrocesso social e sua importância na contemporaneidade
Authors: Vasconcellos Marina De Oliveira de , Luiz Fernando Vieira
Published: November 2015

O presente artigo obje­tiva discutir o princípio da proi­bição do retrocesso social e sua importância e aplicação na juris­prudência pátria, sobretudo no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). Para tanto, conceituar-se-á o princípio estudado, objetivando o rigor acadêmico necessário. Após, verificar-se-á a necessidade de assegurar os direitos funda­mentais e manter uma ordem constitucional íntegra, com a explicação da segurança jurídica. Por fim, verificar-se-á a aplicação do princípio da proibição do retrocesso social na jurispru­dência brasileira, principalmente na Corte Constitucional.
Modified chain regression type estimator for population mean in the presence of non- response
Authors: Khare Brij , Rehman Habib
Published: November 2015

A modified chain regression type estimator forÂ  population mean in the presence of non-response have been proposed replacing Hansen & Hurwitz (1946) estimator for population mean by Searls (1964) type improved estimator and using Hansen & Hurwitz (1946) estimator forÂ  based on available information comparing to the study characterÂ  in the second phase sample. The expressions for MSE for fixed sample sizeÂ Â  and also fixed costÂ Â  have been obtained. The empirical studies show that the proposed estimator is more efficient than the relevant estimators in the case of fixed sample size as well as for fixed cost.
Do Economic Development Incentives Crowd Out Public Expenditures in U.S. States?
Authors: Wang Jia
Published: November 2015

This paper investigates whether economic development incentives (EDI) crowd out public expenditures in U.S. states. Using EDI data from a new database, this paper employs a two-way fixed effect panel framework and generalized method of moments (GMM) approach to account for dynamic features associated with public expenditures. Potential endogeneity of policy variables and problems with unbalanced panels are also addressed. Results show relatively little effect of incentives spending on most public goods expenditures contemporaneously, with negative repercussions beginning to appear in year one. Findings of this paper carry practical importance for policymakers concerning the efficacy of incentives.
A blueprint of the Entrenchment-and- Conventionalization Model
Authors: Schmid Hans-Jörg
Published: November 2015

Languages are subject to change, but they are also stable. The linguistic knowledge of the members of speech communities is similar, but also differs in many ways. Language use affects individual linguistic knowledge and contributes to linguistic conventionality. The present paper outlines a model of how language works that strives to do justice to these commonsensical observations. The model consists of cognitive processes and social processes and shows how these interact under the influence of usage events and a range of different types of forces.
Usage-based linguistics and conversational interaction
Authors: Zeschel Arne , Proske Nadine
Published: November 2015

Speakers’ linguistic experience is for the most part experience with language as used in conversational interaction. Though highly relevant for usage-based linguistics, the study of such data is as yet often left to other frameworks such as conversation analysis and interactional linguistics (Couper-Kuhlen and Selting 2001). On the basis of a case study of salient usage patterns of the two German motion verbs kommen and gehen in spontaneous conversation, the present paper argues for a methodological integration of quantitative corpus-linguistic methods with qualitative conversation analytic approaches to further the usage-based study of conversational interaction.
Insulin sensitivity affects corticolimbic brain responses to visual food cues in polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Authors: Alsaadi Hanin M. , Van Vugt Dean A.
Published: November 2015

Background: This study examined the effect of insulin sensitivity on the responsiveness of appetite regulatory brain regions to visual food cues.

Materials and methods: Nineteen participants diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were divided into insulin-sensitive (n=8) and insulin-resistant (n=11) groups based on the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). Subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing food pictures following water or dextrose consumption. The corticolimbic blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses to high-calorie (HC) or low-calorie (LC) food pictures were compared within and between groups.

Results: BOLD responses to food pictures were reduced during a glucose challenge in numerous corticolimbic brain regions in insulin-sensitive but not insulin-resistant subjects. Furthermore, the degree of insulin resistance positively correlated with the corticolimbic BOLD response in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior cingulate and ventral tegmental area (VTA) in response to HC pictures, and in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), mPFC, anterior cingulate, and insula in response to LC pictures following a glucose challenge. BOLD signal in the OFC, midbrain, hippocampus, and amygdala following a glucose challenge correlated with HOMA2-IR in response to HC-LC pictures.

Conclusion: We conclude that the normal inhibition of corticolimbic brain responses to food pictures during a glucose challenge is compromised in insulin-resistant subjects. The increase in brain responsiveness to food pictures during postprandial hyperinsulinemia may lead to greater non-homeostatic eating and perpetuate obesity in insulin-resistant subjects.
Das BGB von 1896/1900: Regelungen gegen Bauschwindler? Zur Kritik der „unlogische[n], lediglich verwirrende[n], die Rechtsunsicherheit fördernde[n] Unterscheidung zwischen Werkvertrag und Dienstvertrag“
Authors: Kocher Eva
Published: November 2015

Bei Scheinwerkverträgen und Scheinselbstständigkeit spielt eine Abgrenzung eine wichtige Rolle, die das BGB seit seiner Entstehungszeit enthielt: die Abgrenzung zwischen Werk- und Dienstvertrag. Diese war aber bereits zur Zeit der Entstehung des BGB höchst umstritten. Die beiden sozialdemokratischen Abgeordneten in der Reichstagskommission von 1896 waren damals aber nicht in einer Position, um sich entweder in dieser Grundsatzfrage oder auch nur in der konkreten Frage der Haftung des Hauptunternehmers (genauer: der Haftung des „Bauschwindlers“) durchsetzen zu können.
1.2 Die Moral der anderen. Nietzsches Wertkritik
Authors: Saar Martin
Published: November 2015

Die Hoffnung, bei Nietzsche eine affirmative oder positive Lehre von ,neuen‘ Werten zu finden, könnte trügerisch sein. Es könnte sinnvoller sein, sich an den Implikationen seiner Kritik der Werte zu orientieren und an seinem Beharren darauf, dass neue Werte allererst zu schaffen wären. In einer solchen negativistischen Lesart erscheint Nietzsche weniger als Prophet oder Vordenker neuer Werte, dem sich die heutige praktische Philosophie systematisch anschließen könnte, denn als Diagnostiker der Macht und problematischen Autorität der alten Werte. Nietzsches Haltung zu den Werten (oder zur Normativität allgemein) ist primär anti-autoritär, und dies betrifft und relativiert auch seine eigenen Versuche, für andere verbindliche Elemente einer neuen Moral zu entwerfen.
Nietzsche’s Science of Love
Authors: Chouraqui Frank
Published: November 2015

In this paper, I examine the possibility of constructing an ontological phenomenology of love by tracing Nietzsche’s questioning about science. I examine how the evolution of Nietzsche’s thinking about science and his increasing suspicion towards it coincide with his interest for the question of love. Although the texts from the early and middle period praise science as an antidote to asceticism, the later texts associate the scientific spirit with asceticism. I argue that this shift is motivated by Nietzsche’s realization that asceticism and science share the same fetish of facts. It is now for Nietzsche no longer a matter of proving the so-called facts of the back worlds to be wrong (something science is very capable of doing), but a matter of rejecting the very structure of thought that reduces a shapeless reality into a series of facts, subjects and objects. It is this second attitude that Nietzsche regards as the common core of science and asceticism. From this critique of science and its correlative critique of facts, Nietzsche begins searching for a counter-attitude able to perform the reduction of the factual attitude. This is the attitude he calls love. Although Nietzsche’s concept of love has oft en been elucidated in terms of its object or its subject, I argue that such interpretations precisely defeat Nietzsche’s point, which is to recover a ground that precedes the division of the world into subjects and objects. Love becomes the name of this intra-relationship of being, opening up to new perspectives on Nietzsche’s ontology of the will to power.
Contesting Nietzsche’s Agon. On Christa Davis Acampora’s Contesting Nietzsche
Authors: Siemens Herman
Published: November 2015

This paper engages in a critical discussion with Christa Davis Acampora concerning Nietzsche’s concept of the agon. It takes issue with the “meaning-making” model of the agon developed in her book Contesting Nietzsche, the typology for distinguishing productive agonal confl ict from destructive confl ict, and its application to the Apollinian-Dionysian relation in GT and to Nietzsche’s critique of Socrates. Acampora’s model, it is argued, modernises and soft ens Nietzsche’s agon by taking out the moment of negation, disempowerment, or critical opposition that belongs together with reciprocal affi rmation or stimulation in agonal interaction.
Religiosität – eine Ressource von Lebenszufriedenheit und Gesundheit?
Authors: Grom Bernhard
Published: November 2015

Bei einer Allensbach-Erhebung (2006) bejahten 46% der West- und 23% der Ostdeutschen die Frage, ob sie „persönlich aus dem Glauben Trost und Kraft ziehen“. Nach einer Emnid-Umfrage (2015) erklärten 56% der West- und 34% der Ostdeutschen, dass sie beten – sei es regelmäßig, gelegentlich oder nur in Krisen. Wirkt sich diese Religiosität auf die Lebenszufriedenheit sowie auf die psychische und körperliche Gesundheit aus? Was weiß die Forschung darüber?
„Zum Glück“ in der Schule sein? Lebenskompetenzen als Unterrichtsfach
Authors: Graf Ulrike
Published: November 2015

Eine hohe Veränderungsgeschwindigkeit und zunehmende individuelle Gestaltungsspielräume gehören zu den Herausforderungen unserer Zeit. Sie bedürfen einer pädagogischen Antwort, damit gesund umzugehen. Die Glücksforschung macht darauf aufmerksam, dass neben strukturellen Maßnahmen die Perspektive des Individuums auf sich und die Welt eine Quelle höherer Lebenszufriedenheit sein kann. „Wie nehme ich die Welt?“ könnte als Leitthema über dem Glücksunterricht stehen, der durch Erfahrungsübungen und deren Reflexion den Zugang zu eigenen Erlebnisqualitäten ermöglicht und gleichzeitig Räume für die Erprobung noch unausgeschöpfter Möglichkeiten öffnet.
Electrochemical, computational and spectroscopic investigation on local environment of plutonium in ionic liquid and aqueous medium: a comparative study
Authors: Sengupta Arijit , Murali Mallekav S. , Mohapatra Prasanta Kumar , Ali Sk. Musharaf , Shenoy Kalsanka Trivikram
Published: November 2015

With an aim to understand the nature of species, cyclic voltammetry (CV) of Pu(IV) in dilute HBr and in a room temperature ionic liquid
(RTIL), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (C8mimBr) was carried out. Shifts of cathodic and anodic peak potentials of
Pu(IV) cyclic voltammograms were observed towards negative potentials in the extended electrochemical window for ionic liquid medium
compared to 2 M HBr. The diffusion coefficient of the most likely species of Pu(IV) in aqueous medium was found to be
greater than that of the corresponding species in ionic liquid while the activation energy showed reverse trend. The Pu(IV)/Pu(III)
redox reaction was found to be exothermic in aqueous medium while it was endothermic in C8mimBr. The redox reaction was found
to be quasi reversible for both the media while the extent of irreversibility was more in ionic liquid. UV-Vis spectroscopy of Pu in
these media showed significant differences in the peak positions and their relative intensities, indicating the possible differences in the
interactions of Pu(IV) with the solvent molecules resulting in speciation differences. A new prominent peak was observed in RTIL which
could be for a new species of Pu(IV). Computational studies were also carried out to understand the solvation of Pu and the possibility
of thermodynamic conversion from Pu(IV) to Pu(III).
N,N-dialkyl-2-hydroxyacetamides for modifier-free separation of trivalent actinides from nitric acid medium
Authors: Prathibha T. , Kumaresan R. , Selvan B. Robert , Venkatesan K. A. , Antony M. P. , Vasudeva Rao P. R.
Published: November 2015

The alkyl derivatives of N,N,-dialkyl-2-hydroxyacetamide (DAHyA), namely, N,N,-dihexyl-2-hydroxyacetamide (DHHyA),
N,N,-dioctyl-2-hydroxyacetamide (DOHyA), N,N,-didecyl-2-hydroxyacetamide (DDHyA), were synthesized and characterized
by FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopy. The extraction behaviour of Am(III) in a solution of DAHyA in n-dodecane was studied as a function of
various parameters to evaluate the feasibility of using DAHyA for partitioning of trivalent actinides from high-level liquid waste
(HLLW). The distribution ratio of Am(III) (D
Am(III)) in 0.1 M DAHyA/n-DD increased from 10−4 to > 200
with increase in nitric acid concentration from 1 M to 6 M. A D
Am(III) value 10–70 was obtained
in a nitric acid concentration range from 3–4 M. The extraction of Am(III) in 0.1 M DAHyA/n-dodecane
decreased in the order DHHyA > DOHyA > DDHyA. The third-phase formation behaviour of nitric acid and neodymium (III) in
0.2 M DAHyA/n-dodecane was studied. Near stoichiometric amount of neodymium (III) can be loaded in octyl and decyl
derivatives without any third-phase formation from 3–4 M nitric acid medium. Unlike other extractants, the loaded
trivalent metal ion in DAHyA can be recovered even with 1 M nitric acid. Therefore, the study revealed that
N,N,-dialkyl-2-hydroxyacetamides are promising candidates for partitioning the trivalent actinides from HLLW.
Reliable disease biomarkers characterizing and identifying electrohypersensitivity and multiple chemical sensitivity as two etiopathogenic aspects of a unique pathological disorder
Authors: Belpomme Dominique , Campagnac Christine , Irigaray Philippe
Published: November 2015

Much of the controversy over the causes of electro-hypersensitivity (EHS) and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) lies in the absence of both recognized clinical criteria and objective biomarkers for widely accepted diagnosis. Since 2009, we have prospectively investigated, clinically and biologically, 1216 consecutive EHS and/or MCS-self reporting cases, in an attempt to answer both questions. We report here our preliminary data, based on 727 evaluable of 839 enrolled cases: 521 (71.6%) were diagnosed with EHS, 52 (7.2%) with MCS, and 154 (21.2%) with both EHS and MCS. Two out of three patients with EHS and/or MCS were female; mean age (years) was 47. As inflammation appears to be a key process resulting from electromagnetic field (EMF) and/or chemical effects on tissues, and histamine release is potentially a major mediator of inflammation, we systematically measured histamine in the blood of patients. Near 40% had a increase in histaminemia (especially when both conditions were present), indicating a chronic inflammatory response can be detected in these patients. Oxidative stress is part of inflammation and is a key contributor to damage and response. Nitrotyrosin, a marker of both peroxynitrite (ONOO°-) production and opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), was increased in 28% the cases. Protein S100B, another marker of BBB opening was increased in 15%. Circulating autoantibodies against O-myelin were detected in 23%, indicating EHS and MCS may be associated with autoimmune response. Confirming animal experiments showing the increase of Hsp27 and/or Hsp70 chaperone proteins under the influence of EMF, we found increased Hsp27 and/or Hsp70 in 33% of the patients. As most patients reported chronic insomnia and fatigue, we determined the 24 h urine 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6-OHMS)/creatinin ratio and found it was decreased (<0.8) in all investigated cases. Finally, considering the self-reported symptoms of EHS and MCS, we serially measured the brain blood flow (BBF) in the temporal lobes of each case with pulsed cerebral ultrasound computed tomosphygmography. Both disorders were associated with hypoperfusion in the capsulothalamic area, suggesting that the inflammatory process involve the limbic system and the thalamus. Our data strongly suggest that EHS and MCS can be objectively characterized and routinely diagnosed by commercially available simple tests. Both disorders appear to involve inflammation-related hyper-histaminemia, oxidative stress, autoimmune response, capsulothalamic hypoperfusion and BBB opening, and a deficit in melatonin metabolic availability; suggesting a risk of chronic neurodegenerative disease. Finally the common co-occurrence of EHS and MCS strongly suggests a common pathological mechanism.
Radiofrequency exposure in young and old: different sensitivities in light of age-relevant natural differences
Authors: Redmayne Mary , Johansson Olle
Published: November 2015

Our environment is now permeated by anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation, and individuals of all ages are exposed for most of each 24 h period from transmitting devices. Despite claims that children are more likely to be vulnerable than healthy adults to unwanted effects of this exposure, there has been no recent examination of this, nor of comparative risk to the elderly or ill. We sought to clarify whether research supports the claim of increased risk in specific age-groups. First, we identified the literature which has explored age-specific pathophysiological impacts of RF-EMR. Natural life-span changes relevant to these different impacts provides context for our review of the selected literature, followed by discussion of health and well-being implications. We conclude that age-dependent RF-EMR study results, when considered in the context of developmental stage, indicate increased specific vulnerabilities in the young (fetus to adolescent), the elderly, and those with cancer. There appears to be at least one mechanism other than the known thermal mechanism causing different responses to RF-EMR depending upon the exposure parameters, the cell/physiological process involved, and according to age and health status. As well as personal health and quality-of-life impacts, an ageing population means there are economic implications for public health and policy.
Zwischen latín und romance: Syntaktische Variation und Sprachwandel in den Fueros de Coria Cima-Coa (12./13. Jh.)
Authors: Meyer-Hermann Reinhard
Published: November 2015

The central object of study of the present research is the syntax of the family of legal texts “Fueros de Coria Cima-Coa” (FCCC), which emerged in the Leonese-Portuguese Extremadura in the 12th and 13th centuries. The aim is to reconstruct phases of language change from written (medieval) Latin to written Romance language with the aid of codices which partly evolved through several stages of modification. The different domains of Latin syntax are replaced at different points in time by their romance cognates. In the chapter texts of the FCCC the predominance of Latin OV word order is retained until the most recent codex, Coria (14th century), while the Romance postposition of the infinitive in auxiliary constructions is already predominant in the earliest Fuero of the FCCC, Ciudad Rodrigo (around 1190-1208). The view propagated by Wright and his “school”, according to which the texts which arose between the 5th and the 11th century in the Iberian Peninsula are “plenamente romances”, is shown to be incorrect on empirical grounds. The different graphematic conventions of the FCCC do not permit systematic conclusions to be drawn about the underlying syntax. The investigation concludes with a new genealogical stemma of the FCCC which overcomes the inevitable contradictions of the proposal of Martínez Díez (1971) which had previously been regarded as consensual opinion.
Tagore in the Diaspora: Presence, Ritual, Nostalgia
Authors: Lange Bernd-Peter
Published: November 2015

The hype around the sesquicentenary of Rabindranath Tagore’s birth in 2011 and the centenary of his Nobel Laureateship in 2013 for some time outshone the overall trajectory of the sage’s reputation in South Asia’s public spheres. While Tagore has been firmly inscribed into India’s and Bangladesh’s cultural memory, it rests on a shifting basis. Since Tagore’s death, the focus of reactions to his work across his wide productive range has moved from a real presence into a ritualised one which in turn has progressed into commemorative nostalgia. This gradual movement can be traced most clearly in the South Asian diaspora, expressed by writers from Nirad Chaudhuri through Anita Desai, Salman Rushdie, Sunetra Gupta, Vikram Seth, Shashi Tharoor, Monica Ali and Arvind Adiga. It is being continued most reflexively in Amit Chaudhuri’s attempts at negotiating Tagore’s legacy for the present time.
'The Conversion of the Barbarians': Comparison and Psychotherapists’ Approaches to Buddhist Traditions in the United States
Authors: Helderman Ira
Published: November 2015

The use of Buddhist teachings and practices in psychotherapy, once described as a new, popular trend, should now be considered an established feature of the mental health field in the United States and beyond. Religious studies scholars increasingly attend to these activities. Some express concern about what they view as the secularizing medicalization of centuries old traditions. Others counter with historical precedent for these phenomena comparing them to previous instances when Buddhist teachings and practices were introduced into new communities for healing benefit like medieval China. I reveal that a growing number of clinicians also describe their activities in comparison to moments of Buddhist transmission like medieval China. Drawing on the models of scholars like Robert Ford Campany and Pierce Salguero, I outline the possible benefits and limits of such comparisons. I ultimately conclude that scholars use comparison to normalize these contemporary phenomena as cohering to a historical pattern and their interpretations are subsequently employed by clinicians to legitimate their activities.
Pore water pressure prediction for undrained heating of soils
Authors: Ghaaowd Ismaail , Takai Atsushi , Katsumi Takeshi , McCartney John S.
Published: November 2015

This paper focuses on the validation of a prediction model for the thermally induced excess pore water pressure generated in saturated soils during undrained heating. A thermoelastic analysis was calibrated using experimental data presented in the literature for normally consolidated soils having different mineralogical compositions. The magnitude of thermally induced excess pore water pressure for these soils was observed to depend on the initial void ratio, the initial effective stress, the thermal coefficient of cubical expansion of the soil particles, the change in temperature, the compressibility of the soil skeleton and the physicochemical coefficient of structural volume change. An empirical relationship between the physicochemical coefficient of structural volume change and the plasticity index was proposed to predict the thermally induced excess pore water pressure for saturated, normally consolidated soils. To validate the model, an undrained heating test was performed independently on a specimen of normally consolidated kaolinite clay, and the measured thermally induced excess pore water pressures were found to match well with the model predictions.