bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Triboelectric Surface Prepared by Interfacial Self‐Assembly for Water Harvesting
Authors: Zhang Puyang , Zhang Song , Li Xiuzhen , Liu Tao , Zhao Tong , Wang Jinlong , Luo Bin , Cai Chenchen , Liu Yanhua , Shao Yuzheng , Du Guoli , Wang Shuangfei , Nie Shuangxi
Published: October 2024

Extracting water from air offers a promising route to address the global challenge of water scarcity. However, bionic engineering surfaces for water harvesting often struggle with efficiently coordinating droplet nucleation and desorption. The recently emerging triboelectric effect at the liquid–solid interface offers a novel approach for developing bionic fog harvesting surfaces. In this study, inspired by Namib Desert beetles and lotus leaves, a biomimetic superhydrophobic surface with nanoscale hydrophilic domains is prepared via interfacial self‐assembly, exhibiting heterogeneous wettability for effective water harvesting. The essence of interfacial self‐assembly lies in the synergy of non‐covalent interaction forces, driving the self‐assembly of nanoparticles into surface micro‐nano hierarchical structures, thereby regulating wettability and increasing potential nucleation sites. Additionally, the triboelectric effect can directly utilize the triboelectric charges to facilitate droplet migration. The triboelectric effect can be generated by flexible mechanical input induced by walking, which enhances interfacial mass transfer, thereby rapidly improving droplet removal and achieving a 39.02% increase in water harvesting efficiency. This study has opened up a new breakthrough for the design of portable and efficient water harvesting systems.
Spider Webs‐Inspired Aluminum Coordination Hydrogel Piezoionic Sensors for Tactile Nerve Systems
Authors: Guan Xiaoyu , Zheng Sai , Luo Jianxun , Liu Xingchen , Wang Xuechuan , Zhang Bingyuan , Zhu Yanxia , Li Dongping , Han Qingxin , Ueda Motoki , An Meng
Published: October 2024

Piezoionics, a new frontier that employs mobile ions as energy and charge carriers, plays an important role in new energy and intelligent electronics. However, a significant challenge consists in balancing the structural design of metal ions coordination hydrogel (HG‐MI) piezoionics for current conduction, voltage generation, and especially mechanical adaptability. Herein, inspired by the spider webs' unique structure, a strategy by realizing the full potential of metal‐ligand ions ([(OH)Cl2]3−) to facilitate the keggin‐type structure AlOHAlOH generation together with activate functional carboxyls is introduced. Impressively, the whole property of the product HG‐AlPAC, especially the mechanical performance is improved. For example, the toughness of HG‐AlPAC is 2.75 MJ m−3, more than twofold that of traditional HG‐AlAS/AC/AN samples. Due to the stable fixation of ─Al─OH─ thus promoting Cl− separation upon external force, HG‐AlPAC achieves a piezoionic coefficient of 0.89 mV KPa−1 and energy conversion efficiency of 1.29%, promising for mechanical‐electrical conversion and sensing. Combined with the good mechanical performance with the excellent piezoionic properties, underscores its potential as a tactile nerve system of analgesia patients to prevent them from being injured. This work intends to provide a stride toward mechanically robust self‐powered piezoionic sensors and offer insights into ionotropic materials for energy harvesting, human‐machine interaction, and biointerface.
Electrochemical Sacrificial Alchemy: Crafting Hollow Hydroxide Hierarchy for Practical Aqueous Energy Storage Solution
Authors: Sun Fang‐Fang , Wu Chongchong , Guan Xinwei , Huang Zi‐Hang , Han Xu , Zhang Yue , Li Hui , Song Yu , Ma Tianyi
Published: October 2024

Effective utilization of internal active sites in high‐mass loading electrode materials is essential for advancing practical energy storage. Herein, a novel electrochemical sacrificial alchemy for the first time to directly transform the solid Co‐Ni‐Zn carbonate hydroxide (CH) into its hollow structure with a strategic hierarchical architecture is introduced. In contrast to the complex and often cumbersome procedures of traditional methods, the approach is built on the simple electrochemically induced in situ etching and remodeling process. The experimental and theoretical analyses highlight the significant role of electric field force‐induced Zn sacrificial etching and hydroxide redeposition in creating internal cavities and regenerating external active sites, leading to the final hollow hierarchical structure with primary 1D hollow nanorod arrays and secondary reconstructed 2D nanoflakes, effectively exposing abundant energy storage sites. Benefiting from the synergistic effect, the resulting Co‐Ni‐Zn CH exhibited exceptional electrochemical performance. As proof of concept, a modular pouch‐type hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) composed of Co‐Ni‐Zn CH cathode achieved an ultrahigh energy density of 46.9 Wh kg−1. This device can efficiently power consumer electronics with a faster charging speed compared to commercial shared power banks. This research unveils a facile electrochemical approach for structuring electrode materials in energy storage solutions.
Transcytosable and Ultrasound‐Activated Liposome Enables Deep Penetration of Biofilm for Surgical Site Infection Management
Authors: Wang Guowei , Zhang Chengyue , Huang Zixuan , Chen Jifan , Chen Hongjian , Lin Tao , Zhou Zhuxian , Gu Ning , Huang Pintong
Published: October 2024

Biofilm‐associated surgical site infection (BSSI) is a common and grievous postoperative complication lacking effective remedies, mainly due to the poor drug accumulation and penetration in the biofilms featured by dense extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). Here, it is found that the vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM1) is highly overexpressed in the vascular cells of BSSI. It is proposed that the combination of VCAM1‐mediated transcytosis and ultrasonic cavitation can consecutively overcome the biological barriers of vascular endothelial cells and EPS for biofilm eradication. To demonstrate the feasibility, a VCAM1‐targeted and ultrasound (US)‐activated liposome (LPCOTML) loaded with a reactive‐oxygen‐species (ROS)‐responsive lipoid prodrug of oleoyl meropenem, sonosensitizer of lipoid Ce6, and perfluoropentane is developed. LPCOTML can recognize the receptors on vascular cells, and initiate receptor‐mediated transcytosis for transendothelial transport into the BSSI periphery. LPCOTML subsequently transforms from nanoparticle into microbubble via liquid–gas phase transition under US irradiation, triggering strong ultrasonic cavitation to blow up the EPS and deeply penetrate the biofilms. The sonosensitizer Ce6 induces ROS production under US irradiation and triggers the release of meropenem to induce potent antibacterial effect in a BSSI model. This study presents an effective strategy to tackle the biological barriers in BSSI via combining receptor‐mediated transcytosis and ultrasonic cavitation.
Functionalized Quasi‐Solid‐State Electrolytes in Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries for Flexible Devices: Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Han Yinlong , Liu Ye , Zhang Yan , He Xiaoxiao , Fu Xianwei , Shi Ruijuan , Jiao Shilong , Zhao Yong
Published: October 2024

The rapid development of wearable and intelligent flexible devices has posed strict requirements for power sources, including excellent mechanical strength, inherent safety, high energy density, and eco‐friendliness. Zn‐ion batteries with aqueous quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes (AQSSEs) with various functional groups that contain electronegative atoms (O/N/F) with tunable electron accumulation states are considered as a promising candidate to power the flexible devices and tremendous progress has been achieved in this prospering area. Herein, this review proposes a comprehensive summary of the recent achievements using the AQSSE in flexible devices by focusing on the significance of different functional groups. The fundamentals and challenges of the ZIBs are introduced from a chemical view in the first place. Then, the mechanism behind the stabilization of the flexible ZIBs with the functionalized AQSSE is summarized and explained in detail. Then the recent progress regarding the enhanced electrochemical stability of the ZIBs with the AQSSE is summarized and classified based on the functional groups on the polymer chain. The advanced characterization methods for the AQSSE are briefly introduced in the following sections. Last but not least, current challenges and future perspectives for this promising area are provided from the authors' point of view.
Deciphering the Multifaceted Immune Landscape of Unresectable Primary Liver Cancer to Predict Immunotherapy Response
Authors: Xue Jun , Yang Shuai , Zhang Si‐Si , Fan Jun , Wu Zi‐Long , Sui Cheng‐Jun , Yang Yong‐Qiang , Zhang Jin‐Feng , Liu Pian , Zhang De‐Jun , Qiu Xin‐Yao , Zhang Tao , Chen Lei , Wu Gang , Wang Hong‐Yang , Tang Jing
Published: October 2024

Immunotherapies employing PD‐1/PD‐L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are vital for primary liver cancer (PLC), but response rates remain unsatisfying. Accurate differentiation of responders from non‐responders to immunotherapy is imperative. Here, single‐cell‐scaled mass cytometry analysis on sequential peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ICI‐treated PLC patients is conducted, and tissue residence of immune subpopulations is assessed via multiplex immunohistochemistry. In the discovery cohort (n = 24), responders have lower baseline B cell and HLA‐DR+CD8+T cell, and higher CD14+CD16− classical monocyte (CM) proportions. CMs decrease more in responders PBMCs, while HLA‐DR+CD8+T cells conformably amplify after ICI‐exposure. Responsive individuals display upregulated exhaustion and activation markers in peripheral immune lineages. In the expanded cohort of 77 patients, the augment of the B cells in non‐responders is re‐confirmed. Responders demonstrate much higher enrichment of B cells or tertiary lymphoid structures in tumor compared to non‐responders. A prospective model that excelled in early discrimination of responders is developed using generalized linear model and achieves a satisfactory AUC over 0.9 in all three independent cohorts. Integratedly, the study unveils dynamic immune landscapes in PLC patients undergoing ICI‐based therapy, aiding in PLC patient stratification for ICI‐based treatment and fostering new response monitoring strategies.
Cardiac Urea Cycle Activation by Time‐Restricted Feeding Protects Against Pressure Overload‐Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Tan Yanzhen , Li Min , Li Han , Guo Yongzheng , Zhang Bing , Wu Guiling , Li Jia , Zhang Qian , Sun Yang , Gao Feng , Yi Wei , Zhang Xing
Published: October 2024

Heart failure is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic and lifestyle interventions. Recent studies highlight a potential role of time‐restricted feeding (TRF) in the prevention and treatment of cardiac diseases. Here, it is found that TRF protected against heart failure at different stages in mice. Metabolomic profiling revealed that TRF upregulated most circulating amino acids, and amino acid supplementation protected against heart failure. In contrast, TRF showed a mild effect on cardiac amino acid profile, but increased cardiac amino acid utilization and activated the cardiac urea cycle through upregulating argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) expression. Cardiac‐specific ASL knockout abolished the cardioprotective effects afforded by TRF. Circulating amino acids also protected against heart failure through activation of the urea cycle. Additionally, TRF upregulated cardiac ASL expression through transcription factor Yin Yang 1, and urea cycle‐derived NO contributes to TRF‐afforded cardioprotection. Furthermore, arteriovenous gradients of circulating metabolites across the human hearts were measured, and found that amino acid utilization and urea cycle activity were impaired in patients with decreased cardiac function. These results suggest that TRF is a promising intervention for heart failure, and highlight the importance of urea cycle in regulation of cardiac function.
Injectable Autocatalytic Hydrogel Triggers Pyroptosis to Stimulate Anticancer Immune Response for Preventing Postoperative Tumor Recurrence
Authors: Rao Zhiping , Zhu Yutong , Chen Zhuang , Luo Yi , Yang Zuo , Liu Weijing , Qiao Chaoqiang , Xia Yuqiong , Yang Peng , Ye Dong‐Man , Wang Zhongliang
Published: October 2024

Modulating immunosuppression while eliminating residual microscopic tumors is critical for inhibiting the postoperative recurrence of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Although immunotherapy has shown potential in achieving this goal, due to multiple immunosuppression and poor immunogenicity of apoptosis, a satisfactory anti‐recurrence effect still faces the challenge. Herein, an injectable hydrogel‐encapsulated autocatalytic copper peroxide (CP@Gel) therapeutic platform is designed and combine it with the clinical‐grade DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine (DAC) to effectively inhibit TNBC growth and postoperative recurrence via pyroptosis, killing residual cancer cells that bypass apoptosis resistance while also improving immunogenicity and modulating immunosuppression to achieve an intense anti‐tumor immune response. Following injection of the CP@Gel, the sustained release of CP leads to the autocatalytic generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in caspase‐3 activation, and the pre‐administered DAC inhibits the methylation of Gsdme to elevate the GSDME protein levels, leading to intense pyroptosis and anti‐tumor immune responses. The in vivo results show a 67% elimination of local tumor recurrence via treatment with DAC+CP@Gel, suggesting the successful integration of sustained drug release with autocatalysis and epigenetic modification. The results thus suggest great potential for pyroptosis‐based and injectable hydrogel‐aided strategies for preventing the postoperative recurrence of TNBC.
Electronic Structure Engineering of Single‐Atom Tungsten on Vacancy‐enriched V3S4 Nanosheets for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xi Min , Zhang Hua , Yang Lingfeng , Long Youyu , Zhao Yifan , Chen Anran , Xiao Qiaozhi , Liu Tingting , Xiao Xuechun , Hu Guangzhi
Published: October 2024

Constructing single‐atom catalysts (SACs) and optimizing the electronic structure between metal atoms and support interactions is deemed one of the most effective strategies for boosting the catalytic kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a sulfur vacancy defect trapping strategy is developed to anchor tungsten single atoms onto ultrathin V3S4 nanosheets with a high loading of 25.1 wt.%. The obtained W‐V3S4 catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 54 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and excellent long‐term stability in alkaline electrolytes. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the in situ anchoring of W single atoms triggers the delocalization and redistribution of electron density, which effectively accelerates water dissociation and facilitates hydrogen adsorption/desorption, thus enhancing HER activity. This work provides valuable insights into understanding highly active single‐atom catalysts for large‐scale hydrogen production.
E2F2 Reprograms Macrophage Function By Modulating Material and Energy Metabolism in the Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatohepatitis
Authors: Liu Zheng , Wang Hao , Liang Yuan , Liu Mu , Huang Qiyuan , Wang Mingming , Zhou Jinren , Bu Qingfa , Zhou Haoming , Lu Ling
Published: October 2024

Macrophages are essential for the development of steatosis, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis(MASH). However, the roles of macrophage E2F2 in the progression of MASH have not been elucidated. This study reveals that the expression of macrophage E2F2 is dramatically downregulated in MASH livers from mice and humans, and that this expression is adversely correlated with the severity of the disease. Myeloid‐specific E2F2 depletion aggravates intrahepatic inflammation, hepatic stellate cell activation, and hepatocyte lipid accumulation during MASH progression. Mechanistically, E2F2 can inhibit the SLC7A5 transcription directly. E2F2 deficiency upregulates the expression of SLC7A5 to mediate amino acids flux, resulting in enhanced glycolysis, impaired mitochondrial function, and increased macrophages proinflammatory response in a Leu‐mTORC1‐dependent manner. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis and CUT &Tag assay identify the direct binding of Nrf2 to E2F2 promoter to promote its transcription and nuclear translocation. Genetic or pharmacological activation of Nrf2 effectively activates E2F2 to attenuate the MASH progression. Finally, patients treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors demonstrate reduced E2F2 activity but increased SLC7A5 activity in PBMCs. These findings indicated macrophage E2F2 suppresses MASH progression by reprogramming amino acid metabolism via SLC7A5‐ Leu‐mTORC1 signaling pathway. Activating E2F2 holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for MASH.
No evidence of a rural‐urban divide in prioritizing agricultural policy goals
Authors: El Benni Nadja , Finger Robert , Irek Judith , Mack Gabriele , Ammann Jeanine
Published: October 2024

Rural‐urban divides have been found in various policy fields, but it remains unclear if they exist in agricultural policy. We analyzed the policy preferences of 1542 Swiss respondents, ranging from very rural to very urban. Respondents prioritized different pairs of conflicting goals, that is, two economic goals versus four conflicting agri‐environmental goals. We find no evidence of a rural‐urban divide in the prioritization of agricultural policy goals. Respondents prioritize economic goals over environmental goals. Efforts to make agriculture more environmentally sustainable do not per se create a rural‐urban divide, but policies should focus on reducing trade‐offs between economic and environmental goals.
A Novel Mouse Model for Cerebral Inflammatory Demyelination in X‐Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: Insights into Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Hashemi Ezzat , Srivastava Isha N. , Aguirre Alejandro , Yoseph Ezra T. , Kaushal Esha , Awani Avni , Ryu Jae K. , Akassoglou Katerina , Talebian Shahrzad , Chu Pauline , Pisani Laura , Musolino Patricia , Steinman Lawrence , Doyle Kristian , Robinson William H. , Sharpe Orr , Cayrol Romain , Orchard Paul J. , Lund Troy , Vogel Hannes , Lenail Max , Han May H. , Bonkowsky Joshua L. , Van Haren Keith P.
Published: October 2024

Objective

X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is caused by mutations in ABCD1, a peroxisomal gene. More than half of males with an ABCD1 mutation develop inflammatory cerebral demyelination (cALD), but underlying mechanisms remain unknown and therapies are limited. We sought to develop and characterize a mouse model of cALD to facilitate study of disease mechanisms and therapy development.

Methods

We used immunoassays and immunohistochemistry to assess novel (interleukin 18 [IL‐18]) and established molecular markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and postmortem brain tissue from cALD patients. We generated a cALD phenotype in Abcd1‐knockout mice using a 2‐hit method that combines cuprizone and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. We then used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immunohistochemistry to assess the fidelity of cALD molecular markers in the mice.

Results

Human and mouse cALD lesions shared histologic features of myelin phagocytosis, myelin loss, abundant microglial activation, T and B‐cell infiltration, and astrogliosis. Compared to wild‐type controls, Abcd1‐knockout mice displayed more cerebral demyelination, blood–brain barrier disruption, and perivascular immune cell infiltration. This enhanced inflammatory response was associated with higher levels of fibrin deposition, oxidative stress, demyelination, and axonal injury. IL‐18 immunoreactivity co‐localized with perivascular monocytes/macrophages in both human and mouse brain tissue. In cALD patients, CSF IL‐18 levels correlated with MRI lesion severity.

Interpretation

Our results suggest loss of Abcd1 function in mice predisposes to more severe blood–brain barrier disruption, cerebral inflammation driven by the infiltration of peripheral immune cells, demyelination, and axonal damage, replicating human cALD features. This novel mouse model could shed light on cALD mechanisms and accelerate cALD therapy development. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:296–312
Selective Monoborylation of Methane by a Mono Bipyridyl‐Nickel(II) Hydride Catalyst
Authors: Kalita Rahul , Chauhan Manav , Gupta Poorvi , Begum Wahida , Manna Kuntal
Published: October 2024

We report the development of an earth‐abundant metal catalyst for methane C−H borylation. The post‐synthetic metalation of bipyridine‐functionalized zirconium metal‐organic framework (MOF) with NiBr2, followed by treatment with NaEt3BH affords MOF‐supported monomeric bipyridyl‐nickel(II) dihydride species via active site isolation. The heterogeneous and recyclable nickel catalyst selectively borylates methane at 200 °C using pinacolborane (HBpin) to afford CH3Bpin in 61 % yield with a turnover number (TON) up to 1388. The confinement of the active NiH2‐species within the uniformly porous MOF allows selective monoborylation of methane via shape‐selective catalysis by preventing the formation of sterically encumbered overborylated products. Unlike MOF−Ni catalyst, its homogeneous control is almost inactive in methane borylation due to its intermolecular decomposition. Our mechanistic investigation, including spectroscopic, kinetic, and control experiments, as well as DFT calculations, revealed that stabilizing mononuclear bipyridyl‐nickel dihydride and diboryl species by MOF is crucial for achieving efficient methane borylation via turnover‐limiting σ‐bond metathesis. This work shows promise in designing MOF‐based abundant metal catalysts for the chemoselective functionalization of methane and other inert molecules into valuable chemicals.
Copper‐Catalyzed γ‐C(sp3)−H Lactamization and Iminolactonization
Authors: Sheng Tao , Zhuang Zhe , Zhao Zhihan , Hoque Md Emdadul , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: October 2024

Despite extensive efforts to develop γ‐lactamization reactions for pyrrolidinone synthesis using either cyclometallation, C−H insertion, or radical C−H abstraction strategies, γ‐lactamization reactions of aliphatic amides using practical catalysts and common protecting groups remain extremely rare. Herein we report copper‐catalyzed γ‐C(sp3)−H lactamization and iminolactonization of tosyl‐protected aliphatic amides using inexpensive Selectfluor as the sole oxidant. A switchable selectivity of γ‐lactams or γ‐iminolactones can be obtained by using two different sets of reaction conditions. Notably, structurally diverse spiro‐, fused‐, and bridged‐lactams and iminolactones, as well as isoindolinones are accessible by this method. Further derivatization of the γ‐lactam products enables the synthesis of a range of biologically important motifs, including γ‐amino acids, δ‐amino alcohols, and pyrrolidines.
C−H Alkylation of Heterocycles via Light‐Mediated Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Senapati Sudip , Kumar Hota Sudhir , Kloene Lennard , Empel Claire , Murarka Sandip , Koenigs Rene M.
Published: October 2024

Methods enabling direct C−H alkylation of heterocycles are of fundamental importance in the late‐stage modification of natural products, bioactive molecules, and medicinally relevant compounds. However, there is a scarcity of a general strategy for the direct C−H alkylation of a variety of heterocycles using commercially available alkyl surrogates. We report an operationally simple palladium‐catalyzed direct C−H alkylation of heterocycles using alkyl halides under the visible light irradiation with good scalability and functional group tolerance. Our studies suggest that the photoinduced alkylation proceeds through a cascade of events comprising, site‐selective alkyl radical addition, base‐assisted deprotonation, and oxidation. A combination of experiments and computations was employed for the generalization of this strategy, which was successfully translated towards the modification of natural products and pharmaceuticals.
Mott Memristors for Neuromorphics
Authors: Zhao Zherui , Luan Wanhong , Zhai Yongbiao , Lv Ziyu , Zhang Meng , Yan Yan , Xue Shuangmei , Zhou Kui , Ding Guanglong , Han Su‐Ting , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Zhou Ye
Published: October 2024

Neuromorphic computing has emerged as a key solution for overcoming the challenge of von Neumann bottleneck, offering a pathway to more efficient and biologically inspired computing systems. A crucial advancement in this field is the utilization of Mott insulators, where the metal‐insulator transition (MIT) elicits substantial alterations in material properties, infusing renewed vigor into the progression of neuromorphic systems. This review begins by explaining the MIT mechanisms and the preparation processes of Mott insulators, followed by an introduction of Mott memristors and memristor arrays, showing different types of multidimensional integration styles. The applications of Mott memristor in neuromorphic computing are then discussed, which include artificial synapse designs and various artificial neuron architectures for sensory recognition and logic calculation. Finally, facing challenges and potential future directions are outlined for utilizing Mott memristors in the advancement of neuromorphic computing. This review aims to provide a thorough understanding of the latest advancements in Mott memristors and their applications, offering a comprehensive reference for further research in related areas, and contributing to bridging the gap between traditional silicon‐based electronics and future brain‐inspired architectures.
Thermoluminescence and Kinetic Parameters of Beta Rays Irradiated Egyptian Muscovite
Authors: Farouk Shrouk , El‐Faramawy Nabil
Published: October 2024

The current work was going to study the dosimetric properties of Egyptian muscovite minerals irradiated with β‐rays using the thermoluminescence technique (TL). The analysis of the TL glow curves was done using the (Tm − Tstop) and the initial rise methods. The deconvolution of the muscovite glow curves was analyzed to have eight superimposed trapping peaks. These trapes were located at 0.72, 0.80, 0.98, 1.09, 1.19, 1.30, 1.50, and 1.59 eV. Muscovite samples were studied at doses up to 330 Gy and exhibited good linearity in relation to beta radiation. The kinetic parameters, sensitivity, and dosimetric characteristics were evaluated. High accuracy was achieved through the repeatability of TL measurements.
Enhanced signal to noise ratio of single entity electrochemistry signal of platinum nanoparticles using passive silver ultramicroelectrode
Authors: Yoon Seongkyeong , Na Jaedo , Moon Sun Gyu , Kim Heewon , Kim Ki Jun , Kwon Seong Jung
Published: October 2024

The single‐entity electrochemistry (SEE) of electrocatalytic platinum (Pt) single nanoparticles (NPs) on a less electrocatalytic silver (Ag) ultramicroelectrode (UME) surface was investigated using the electrocatalytic amplification method. Two characteristic types of current responses—current staircases and blips (or spikes)—were observed during single NP collision experiments, depending on the applied potential at the Ag UME. Notably, at applied potentials of 0.13 and 0.17 V, the Ag UME becomes passive due to the formation of a delicate oxide layer, resulting in a highly stable background current. This leads to an enhanced signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio, attributed to the low background current, when using Ag UME compared to commonly used UMEs such as Au, C, Ni, and Hg for the SEE of Pt NPs. The exceptionally low background current can provide a significant advantage for detailed observation of SEE signals and further mechanistic studies based on the current response.
Critical factors to adopt sustainable agrifood supply chain management in developing countries: The case of Ethiopian coffee industry
Authors: Habib Adem M. , Ren Jun , Matellini Ben , Jenkinson Ian , Paraskevadakis Dimitrios
Published: October 2024

Global agrifood supply chains are under increasing pressure to address sustainability issues due to growing concerns. However, numerous organizations within the agrifood industry are struggling to incorporate sustainable supply chain management practices and address the concerns. Therefore, this research is designed to identify the key critical factors, such as drivers, enablers, and barriers to adopting sustainable practices. This study considers the Ethiopian coffee industry, which is an important sector not only for the Ethiopian economy but also for the global agrifood supply chain. To accomplish the objectives of this study, we applied a systematic literature review and empirical survey. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify critical factors for adopting sustainability in agrifood supply chains. An empirical survey was then undertaken in the Ethiopian coffee industry to rank the key critical factors. Hence, the study has revealed that economic and productivity improvement, cost effectiveness and improvement in the overall performance, and difficulty in mindset and cultural changes as the key critical factors that determine the adoption of sustainability initiatives from the perspectives of the Ethiopian coffee supply chain. The findings can be used as input by government regulatory bodies and policymakers to craft strategies and policies to adopt sustainability initiatives and ensure sustainable development. Furthermore, the research is expected to contribute to the existing literature by bringing in the perspective of suppliers in developing countries.
Developing Individualized Follow‐Up Strategies Based on High‐Risk Recurrence Factors and Dynamic Risk Assessment for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Qiu Jianjian , Yu Yilin , Wang Zhiping , Hong Liang , Shao Lingdong , Wu Junxin
Published: October 2024

Background

Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Despite multimodal treatment, the recurrence rate of LARC patients remains high, about 20%–50%. However, the follow‐up strategy according to tumor stage has certain limitations. There is no consensus on the optimal frequency and duration of follow‐up. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the high‐risk factors for recurrence in LARC from clinical characteristics, nutritional indicators, and imaging indexes. It intends to utilize conditional survival (CS) evaluation to assess dynamic survival and recurrence risks after comprehensive treatment of LARC and to develop individualized follow‐up strategies.

Methods

Logistic regression was utilized to analyze the independent recurrence factors in LARC patients. Calibration curve, decision curve, and ROC curve were employed to evaluate the model's efficacy. Kaplan–Meier curve was used to calculate CS rate and compare survival differences among different risk groups.

Results

A total of 561 patients were analyzed in our study. Our multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), extramural vascular invasion (EMVI), vascular tumor thrombus, perineural invasion, and tumor size were independent factors for recurrence. Subsequently, a nomogram model was constructed and risk stratification was performed. Calibration curves and decision curves demonstrated that the model exhibited good clinical efficacy. The area under the ROC curve for the model was 0.763, indicating good sensitivity and specificity. Kaplan–Meier curves showed significant differences in survival among different risk groups. Furthermore, we observed that the CS without local recurrence and distant metastasis increased each year, while the cumulative recurrence risk decreased annually with prolonged survival time. Tailored follow‐up intensities were developed for different risk groups and clinical stages based on the cumulative recurrence risk.

Conclusion

The personalized follow‐up strategy based on risk stratification can optimize resource allocation, early detection of recurrence or metastasis, and ultimately enhance the overall care and prognosis of LARC patients.
Safety and Efficacy of Rechallenge With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Solid Tumor: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Xu Huijun , Yang Yang , Yan Ying , Li Mengge , Wu Shusheng , Cao Lulu , Chen Wenju , Luo Huiqin , He Yifu
Published: October 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have drastically shifted the current landscape toward a wide variety of malignancies. However, ICIs are interrupted owing immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), therapy completion, and disease progression. The risk–benefit of rechallenged ICIs remains inconclusive. Herein, a systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ICI rechallenge in the treatment of advanced solid tumor.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to analyze the efficacy and safety of ICI rechallenge. The study protocol was approved by the PROSPERO International Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022372222). The last updated search date was March 2, 2024. Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and incidence rates of all‐ and high‐grade irAEs were evaluated.

Results

A total of 41 retrospective studies comprising 2343 patients were ultimately enrolled for qualitative and quantitative assessments. A total of 1200 (51.2%) individuals were male and the median age was 66 years (range 18–97 years). The majority of the tumors was lung cancer (n = 898, 38.3%). The occurrence rates of all‐grade and high‐grade (grade 3 or 4) irAEs between initial and readministration ICIs were not significantly different (all‐grade: OR, 0.75, 95% CI: 0.39–1.45, p = 0.40; I2 = 87%; high‐grade: OR, 0.96, 95% CI: 0.62–1.49, p = 0.87, I2 = 65%). ICIs restart presented a decreased ORR and DCR compared to initial ICI administration (ORR: OR, 0.36, 95% CI: 0.23–0.56, p < 0.00001; I2 = 67%; DCR: OR, 0.62, 95% CI: 0.43–0.89, p = 0.010; I2 = 53%). Seven studies with 513 patients for survival analysis revealed a nonsignificant difference in OS between the ICIs rechallenge and discontinuation cohorts (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.35 to 1.35, p = 0.27).

Conclusion

Rechallenging immunotherapy is feasible, and patients should be carefully evaluated by a multidisciplinary team prior to initial therapy for close monitoring and assessment of the risk–benefit ratio. Therefore, prospective trials are essential to guide clinicians in the decision‐making process.

PROSPERO Registration: CRD42022372222.
Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Cancer Survivors: From Oncogenesis to Quality of Life
Authors: Kisamore Claire O. , Kisamore Caleb A. , Walker William H.
Published: October 2024

Background

Circadian rhythms are approximately 24‐hour cycles in physiological and behavioral processes. They are entrained to the external solar day via blue wavelength light. Disruptions in these intrinsic rhythms can lead to circadian dysfunction, which has several negative implications on human health, including cancer development and progression.

Aims

Here we review the molecular mechanisms of circadian disruption and their impact on tumor development and progression, discuss the interplay between circadian dysfunction and cancer in basic scientific studies and clinical data, and propose the potential clinical implications of these data that may be used to improve patient outcomes and reduce cost of treatment.

Materials & Methods

Using scientific literature databases, relevant studies were analyzed to draw overarching conclusions of the relationship between circadian rhythm dysruption and cancer.

Conclusions

Circadian disruption can be mediated by a number of environmental factors such as exposure to light at night, shift work, jetlag, and social jetlag which drive oncogenesis. Tumor growth and progression, as well as treatment, can lead to long‐term alterations in circadian rhythms that negatively affect quality of life in cancer survivors.
Cracking Lysine Crotonylation (Kcr): Enlightening a Promising Post‐Translational Modification
Authors: Westerveld Marinda , Besermenji Kosta , Aidukas David , Ostrovitsa Nikita , Petracca Rita
Published: October 2024

Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a recently discovered post‐translational modification (PTM). Both histone and non‐histone Kcr‐proteins have been associated with numerous diseases including cancer, acute kidney injury, HIV latency, and cardiovascular disease. Histone Kcr enhances gene expression to a larger extend than the extensively studied lysine acetylation (Kac), suggesting Kcr as a novel potential therapeutic target. Although numerous scientific reports on crotonylation were published in the last years, relevant knowledge gaps concerning this PTM and its regulation still remain. To date, only few selective Kcr‐interacting proteins have been identified and selective methods for the enrichment of Kcr‐proteins in chemical proteomics analysis are still lacking. The development of new techniques to study this underexplored PTM could then clarify its function in health and disease and hopefully accelerate the development of new therapeutics for Kcr‐related disease. Herein we briefly review what is known about the regulation mechanisms of Kcr and the current methods used to identify Kcr‐proteins and their interacting partners. This report aims to highlight the significant potential of Kcr as a therapeutic target and to identify the existing scientific gaps that new research must address.
Facial Merkel cell carcinoma in a 92‐year‐old man: A case report
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Shi Weiwei , Zhang Ruzhi
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive skin cancer that can be easily misdiagnosed in its early stages. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for rapidly growing skin lesions in elderly patients and promptly investigate with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Treatment for MCC should be individualized, considering the patient's age, overall health, and quality of life. Close follow‐up is essential to detect recurrence or metastasis early.
Fusion of Hydrophobic Anchor Peptides Promotes the Hydrolytic Activity of PETase but not the Extent of PET Depolymerization
Authors: Wang Yongjie , Akram Ekram , Ding Yujing , He Chengzhi , Zhang Yifei
Published: October 2024

Enzymatic recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has attracted significant attention in recent years. While the fusion of anchor peptides to PET hydrolases is believed to enhance PET hydrolytic activity, a quantitative analysis is yet lacking. Here, we construct four fusion enzymes by fusing anchor peptides (including hydrophobic LCI, LCIM1 and TA2, and hydrophilic EK4) to the C terminus of HotPETase, one of the most active PET hydrolases for high‐crystallinity PET (HC‐PET). Single‐molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) demonstrates that hydrophobic anchor peptides promote adhesive interactions between the fusion enzymes and the PET surface. This is also validated by the adsorption kinetics and isotherms, and the saturated adsorption capacity remains unaltered compared to HotPETase. At low substrate loadings, the apparent hydrolytic activity of these fusion enzymes is positively related to the hydrophobicity of the anchor peptides. Among them, HotPETase‐LCI stands out as the most effective enzyme for HC‐PET degradation, demonstrating a 1.5‐fold increase in hydrolytic activity. At high substrate loadings, the advantages of fusion with anchor peptides diminish. We conclude that fusion enzymes only facilitate the hydrolytic rates of reactions for HC‐PET but have little effect on the final conversion extent.
Photothermal Dry Reforming of Methane on Yolk‐Shell Co–Ni Alloy@SiO2 Catalyst
Authors: El‐Naggar Hamada A. , Takami Daichi , Asanuma Hisashi , Hirata Takafumi , Yoshida Hisao , Yamamoto Akira
Published: October 2024

Photothermal dry reforming of methane (PT‐DRM) is an appealing pathway to convert carbon dioxide and methane into synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, via photothermal heating induced by concentrated sunlight. However, coke formation and sintering of active metal nanoparticles are key issues for catalyst stability. In the present study, we demonstrated Co–Ni alloy nanoparticles encapsulated with a porous SiO2 shell exhibited improved catalytic activity and stability for PT‐DRM using visible/near‐IR light irradiation without any other external heating. The addition of a tiny amount of Co (1–5 mol% relative to total metal) and SiO2 encapsulation enhanced the stability by simultaneously suppressing coke formation and sintering of the metal nanoparticles. Furthermore, we revealed that the position of the light irradiation spot has a crucial role in the conversions of methane and carbon dioxide and product selectivity, presumably due to the large temperature gradient under the light irradiation. These findings would contribute to designing effective PT‐DRM catalysts with improved activity and enhanced resistance for both coke formation and sintering and emphasize the significant contribution of the temperature gradients to the performance of PT‐DRM.
Biosolids in the Dryland Pacific Northwest Seven Years After Application
Authors: Singh Surendra , Singh Shikha , Schillinger Bill , Griffin‐LaHue Deirdre , Neely Haly
Published: October 2024

In dryland region of the inland Pacific Northwest (iPNW), the two‐year winter wheat–fallow rotation is associated with wind erosion and a decline in soil organic carbon (SOC) and overall soil health. The use of biosolids, produced as by‐products of municipal wastewater treatment, in agriculture is gaining traction as an effective way to improve SOC and nutrient availability. While immediate benefits of biosolids application have been studied to some extent, there is still a lack of research‐based information on the persistence and residual effects of biosolids applications in the low‐precipitation region of the iPNW. Therefore, a study was conducted to address that gap by assessing the legacy effects of biosolids, seven years after their application. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Mental health matters: Evaluating the preparedness of sport psychologists to incorporate within their role
Authors: Winter Stacy , Collins Dave
Published: October 2024

Mental health has become increasingly important for the applied sport psychologist, a factor which may include screening, promoting literacy, individual support, and educational programs. However, despite of this importance, few checks have been made on the perceived preparedness of sport psychologists to undertake this work and whether differences may exist between those recently qualified compared to experienced practitioners. Underpinned by the theoretical domains framework, 62 Health and Care Professions Council registered practitioner sport and exercise psychologists (30 females: age: M = 46.13 years and SD = 10.44 years and 32 males: age: M = 43.25 years and SD = 10.47 years) completed an online survey to assess whether they felt equipped to address the mental health dimension of their work. The survey comprised three sections: Demographic and background information, a series of statements (n = 31) adapted from the determinants of implementation behavior questionnaire, and three questions with space for free text comments, inviting participants to explain their level of preparedness to incorporate and deliver mental health interventions. A 6 × 12 analyses of variance yielded significant differences between domain ratings but not across levels of experience or interactions. Data from free text comments were analyzed thematically and categorized into the following three themes: (a) complementing the performance role, (b) awareness of professional boundaries, and (c) importance of further continued professional development. Combined, although practitioners emphasized importance, preparedness ratings ranged from neutral to somewhat agree, calling for further specific sport psychology‐based mental health training.
Modeling nonstationary surface‐level ozone extremes through the lens of US air quality standards: A Bayesian hierarchical approach
Authors: Li Jax , Russell Brook T. , Huang Whitney K. , Porter William C.
Published: October 2024

Surface‐level ozone (O) is a harmful air pollutant whose effects may be more deleterious when at its most extreme levels. Current US air quality standards are written in terms of the 3‐year average of the 4th highest annual daily maximum 8‐h O values; therefore, developing approaches based on extreme value theory may be useful. We develop a Bayesian hierarchical approach, where the ‐largest order statistics are parametrized by the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution, while a Gaussian process is employed to characterize how the GEV parameters depend on the O precursors, namely nitrous oxides (NO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The fitted model is then used to characterize the upper tail of the distribution of O and estimate O noncompliance probabilities. We illustrate the proposed method using data from an air quality station in Providence, Rhode Island (RI). The results suggest that the far upper tail of extreme O values is likely bounded, and the dependence of the upper tail distribution on NO and O is highly nonlinear, consistent with the known relationship, albeit not specifically for extreme values, in the existing scientific literature. A convolution‐based approach is used to estimate noncompliance probabilities for several covariate scenarios. Our results indicate that estimated noncompliance probabilities in recent years are much lower than in the mid‐1990s, primarily due to lower O precursor levels. However, the estimated noncompliance probabilities appear to rise sharply for hypothetical stricter O standards, even for the conditions observed in recent years.
Simulation study of R1234ze and its mixed working medium in TEG‐ORC combined cycle
Authors: Liu Changxin , Shi Feixiong , Qiao Guangchao , Li Yiran , Liu Nan
Published: October 2024

Thermoelectric generation (TEG) and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technologies both have their respective limitations in recovering waste heat from ships. However, the combination of TEG and ORC is an effective approach to achieve cascaded waste heat recovery and improve heat utilization efficiency. There has been some progress in research on waste heat recovery in maritime applications based on TEG‐ORC combined cycles. The selection of a working medium is a crucial element that directly influences the design and performance of the entire system, but there is limited research on the impact of different working fluids on combined cycle systems. In this study, a simulation model of a TEG‐ORC combined cycle system was established to examine its output potential using two different working fluids R1234ze and a mixture of R245fa/R1234ze. The results demonstrate that compared to employing the R1234ze working medium, the combined cycle system with the mixed working medium achieved a 13% increase in maximum output power, a 102% improvement in optimum thermal efficiency, and a 53% reduction in optimum power production cost. Additionally, the power output distribution in the system utilizing the mixed working fluid was more uniform compared to the system employing a single working medium. This confirms the great potential of using a mixed working fluid in a combined cycle system.