bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Goal Attainment Measure for Stroke Self-management
Authors: Kimmel Barbara , Anderson Jane A. , VonVille Helena , Stonecypher Karen A. , Shegog Ross
Published: July 2020

Self-management support (SMS) interventions help stroke survivors achieve behavior changes to control stroke risk factors. Goal-setting is a fundamental skill widely recognized as integral to SMS. Theories related to goal-setting describe a mediating effect between the quality of a goal and successful goal attainment. However, direct measurement of goal attainment and its mediated effect on sustained behavior change is not well quantified. We report findings from an updated systematic review of peer-reviewed systematic reviews to identify current valid, reliable measures of goal attainment, with specific focus on goal-attainment measurement used in SMS interventions for stroke risk factors. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to ensure transparent reporting. Databases used were Medline (Ovid), PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Embase (Ovid), and PsycINFO (Ovid). A priori eligibility criteria included outcome measures for goal attainment and publication in English (2006–2017), following last major review. Of 1363 citations found, 808 titles and abstracts were screened; 52 articles were included in the full review and nine in the final analysis. No measures of goal attainment in the context of SMS for stroke risk factors were identified. The only published measures of goal attainment related to stroke were in the stroke-rehabilitation context. The effect of goal attainment on effective SMS of stroke risks factors could not be determined. We conclude there remains an absence of outcome measures for goal attainment in the context of SMS and SMS interventions that target stroke risk factors.
Yoga and Brain Wave Coherence
Authors: De Anup , Mondal Samiran
Published: July 2020

Background:

The recent hype in yoga practice is concomitant with the fact that it helps the practitioner to achieve radiant health and serene mind. The science of yoga has also become a powerful stream of knowledge. It has increased the number of scientific studies on different yogic interventions, but has also been performed to evaluate its effects on brain wave activity, particularly in neural oscillations.

Objectives:

In this systematic analysis, we reviewed studies investigating the effect of integrated yoga, meditation, and pranayama on brain wave activity that affects overall cognitive functions.

Methods:

Broad search strategy was practiced using several online databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Europe PMC, Scopus, and IndMED. Studies were included in integrated yoga, meditation, and pranayama with brain wave activity, and the entire relevant articles were critically analyzed according to the nature of this study.

Results:

Several studies examined yogic interventions for restoring brain functions, nerve diseases, and cognitive impairment and suggested that integrated yoga, meditation, and pranayama practices improve verbal skills, reaction time, hand–eye coordination, speed accuracy, and neural activity. Yogic intervention increases overall brain wave (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) activity, which increases overall cognitive functions with greater perceived cognition, working memory, attention, better switching ability, focusing ability, positive mind, and perception. It has also been reported that yogic intervention activates dormant areas of brain while downgrading memories not of interest and upgrading useful ones.

Conclusions:

There is emerging evidence from randomized controlled trials to support yoga practice, which significantly improves brain wave activity resulting in better cognitive functions.
Pharmacologic Prevention of Delirium after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Soni Manish K. , Raja Shahzad G.
Published: July 2020

Delirium is a familiar neuropsychological syndrome confronted after cardiac surgery associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. Although several therapeutic options including dexamethasone, rivastigmine, risperidone, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, propofol, and clonidine have been used for delirium prevention, there is still lack of certainty regarding the most effective drug. In the current era of evidence-based medicine, the systematic review (with homogeneity) of randomized controlled trials is regarded as the most precise tool for determining the benefit of a therapeutic intervention. This review article aims to assess the current best available evidence to determine the most effective pharmacologic agent for prevention of delirium post cardiac surgery.
The Effects of Surrendering to The Islamic Texet, in The Integrity of Belief
Authors: أسماء بنت داود بن أحمد العلواني أسماء بنت داود بن أحمد العلواني
Published: July 2020

Praise be to Allah, and may blessings and peace be upon his Messenger The book of Allah and the Sunnah of his prophet are the two main source of the Islamic creed. That is why the submission to them is very important in Islam and had been confirmed by their texts and called for in more than one place, hence the importance of the subject of the research, as well as the following reasons: Greatest importance of the integrity of the faith to survive in this world and the hereafter. That many matters of islamic creed are unseen, and there must be a solid evidence for faith in them. The guidance and the way to it is an objective for every believer to win the approval of Allah and to enter his paradise, and that the majority of delusion of those who have gone astray in matters of belief is due to the non-surrender of the Islamic texts. What happens from time to time in some Islamic societies, outright calls aim to rebel against the Islamic texts. This research includes in an introduction in it a statement of terms for the title of the topic. Then the first chapter: Which Include the referee to the submission for the Islamic texts, and texts evidence for that. Then the second chapter: Which include the results of surrender to the legal texts in the integrity of belief, and in it talk about what results from surrender of moderation of human belief and rightness, and the validity of his faith, and his mediation in the section of belief between the dear and the dural, his safety and his escape from delusion and transgressing the limits of Allah.
Divorce Phenomenon in the Jabal Al-Ahdar Region – Libya A Study in Social Geography of Its Rates , Spatial Variation and Causes By
Authors: د. أحمد عبد السلام عبد النبي عبد الكريم د. أحمد عبد السلام عبد النبي عبد الكريم
Published: July 2020

although the size of the divorce phenomenon in the Jabal Al Ahdar region is experiencing rapid growth , the region has not previously undertaken any geographical study of the spatial dimensions of this problem . Therefore, this study aims to track evolution of the phenomenon and analyze its spatial variation and causes .To achieve this aim , the study relied on official data and statistics , also on field work by questionnaire (112) divorced women in the study region . The analysis of data is by descriptive method .The study found that the size of divorce phenomenon and its rates between 2000-2018 in the study region has significant rising , and the study also found a large spatial variation in this phenomenon . The study concluded that there are thirteen reasons of divorce in the study region , the most important of which is housing shortage .
Multifunctionality of the Pragmatic Marker ‘?amaanah’ in Yemeni Spoken Arabic
Authors: د. حميد يحيى أحمد الزبيري د. حميد يحيى أحمد الزبيري
Published: July 2020

the present study aims at exploring and describing the multiple functions of the PM ‘?amaanah’ in the corpus of Yemeni spoken Arabic. A total of 174 audio-recorded data of natural conversations were analyzed as spoken corpus of Yemeni Arabic. The study is based on an eclectic analytical method whose views have been drawn from the theoretical frameworks of the speech act theory, politeness theory, model of functional systemic linguistics (the interpersonal metafunction), and relevance theory. The findings of the study show that the PM ‘?amaanah’ functions as: an expression of oath; a commitment marker to a future action on the part of the speaker and the addressee; a mitigation marker, preceding potentially face-threating speech acts; a signal introducing reprimanding; an attitude marker expressing a speaker’s attitude and emotion; an epistemic marker evaluating the subjectivity of the speaker’s propositional content; an entreaty-marker on directive act; and a displeasure marker on the part of the speaker. The study concluded with a suggestion on conducting a further research exploring the discourse functions of the marker.
Evaluating the Self-Learning Skills of the Faculty Members of the Arabic Language Department at Northern Border University
Authors: د. فراس بن محمد المدني د. فراس بن محمد المدني
Published: July 2020

the study sought to provide an analysis of the self-learning skills of the faculty members of the Arabic Language Department at Northern Border University in order to evaluate their performance. The study was conducted on a random sample of 18 faculty members of all academic levels, and their performance was evaluated using five key axes. The researcher was keen to study faculty members because they are the active class at the University and because raising the faculty members’ scientific, technical and research performance will inevitably develop academic life and enhance students’ acquisition of skills, concepts and academic capabilities that improve their level and meet their needs. Through the study, the researcher sought to apply the descriptive analytical method when presenting the main concepts of the objective axes of the study. The researcher also used the survey method, by relying on the questionnaire tool and designing a set of questions that cover the axes, to evaluate the self-learning skills of the faculty members of the Arabic Language Department at Northern Border University. The main variable in the survey elements was based upon sex, academic degree and nationality. The SPSS statistical software was used to calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient in order to determine the confidence interval. Indeed, the researcher calculated the correlation coefficient between each statement in the questionnaire and the total score of the part associated with the statement. The research results of the learning skills test revealed that there are statistically significant (0.05) differences in learning skills. In addition, the statistical treatment revealed a variance between the weak, average and good in the faculty members’ statements about the five axes of study, which were reflected in the researcher’s recommendations about the need to improve the university’s performance in terms of activating self-learning workshops and programs, increasing the availability of the software and multimedia necessary to encourage faculty members to acquire new self-learning skills, as well as making databases and direct research portals available over Northern Border University’s network in order to facilitate scientific research and publication in specialized and accredited scientific journals for academic advancement.
‏ (medical terminology in blood diseases - linguistic study -)
Authors: د. الزبير بن محمد أيوب عمر د. الزبير بن محمد أيوب عمر
Published: July 2020

that is, considering that these terms are singular, compound, or interrelated, and diversify them by looking at them as a source, plural, derivative, attributed, or rigid name, and study what the additions overlap, or some of them are associated with prepositions, and the extent of the association of the name (blood) with a large number of them Also, after the translation some of them remain in their non-Arabic name, and their association with the Arabic name, with verification of the accuracy or validity of the Arabized description of each term, and can some Arab terms be found for what has not been Arabized until now? Or change or reduce the name?The research will follow the descriptive and analytical approach with regard to studying the structure of Arabized medical terms that have entered Arabic, and terms translated from foreign to Arabic, and compare them in terms of simplicity and complexity, as well as a balance between synonymous Arab terms.
The Role of Business Intelligence in Administrative Development at King Abdulaziz University
Authors: أ. محمد بن عبدالله العمري أ. محمد بن عبدالله العمري
Published: July 2020

this study aimed at clarifying the concept of business intelligence and what is meant by administrative development, and to know the role of business intelligence in administrative development at King Abdulaziz University. Also, to explain the relationship between them, the extent of its application in the university, and providing solutions and proposals that contribute to that. The study adopted the descriptive approach and data was collected by reviewing the existing intellectual production in the field of study. Preparing a questionnaire as a tool and distributing it electronically, (46) who entered the study (administrative leaderships at King Abdulaziz University) responded to it. The most important result of this study is the existence of an interrelated relationship between business intelligence and administrative development. The perceptions of the study sample came to the extent of applying business intelligence in administrative development in an average way. Also, there is a great importance for training in business intelligence practices in administrative Development processes. This study recommends supporting and adopting senior management and making more effort to apply business intelligence in accomplishing administrative operations. As well as giving high importance to training on business intelligence and sending informational and awareness messages to leaders at the university. And the need to seek to keep abreast of developments of business intelligence techniques to carry out and update. Further experimental studies reflecting business intelligence applications in local organizations recommend this, to find out the level and constraints of applying business intelligence.
short-selling and its applications on the Saudi Arabia Stock Exchange Fiqhi Authentication study
Authors: د. أحمد بن هلال الشيخ د. أحمد بن هلال الشيخ
Published: July 2020

Research Subject: short-selling and its applications on the Saudi Arabia Stock Exchange. Fiqhi Authentication study Research Objectives: - Clarifying the short-selling and its applications on the Saudi Arabia Stock Exchange. - Alternatives to Short-selling Research Methodology: Analytical Descriptive. The most important findings. There is a distinction between naked short-selling – the selling of stocks that the person “does not own” or without first obtaining approval for borrowing them – and the regular short-selling where an investor sells stocks borrowed from its owner and return them back later after a certain time – covered shorting. Regular short-selling is a combined contract of sale and loan transactions, where the loan is set against a certain dividends to the borrower to be paid to the broker. There is a number of alternatives to short-selling such as: put options and inverse exchange-traded funds.
Emotional divorce in light of some demographic variables among married women in the city of Jeddah
Authors: د. عبير محمد الصبان د. عبير محمد الصبان
Published: July 2020

.the present research aimed to identify the level of emotional divorce among a sample of married women in Jeddah city. The Emotional Divorce Scale was selected as a tool for data collection. The validity and reliability of the tool were verified. It was applied on a sample consisting of 623 married women. They were selected randomly. The result indicated that the level of emotional divorce came within the low level. The results indicated that there were no differences in the emotional divorce and the variables of educational and economic level, while there were differences in the emotional divorce due to the wife's position in favor of the employed wives, and the number of years of marriage in favor of more than 10 years.
Associate professor of applied linguistics Applied Linguistics Dept., Arabic Linguistics Inst., King Saud University
Authors: د. محمود بن عبدالله المحمود د. محمود بن عبدالله المحمود
Published: July 2020

In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the concern of the Arabic language is reflected in the Saudi language policy, which is displayed in all aspects of decisions, programs, projects and public life. The Kingdom’s development process has facilitated significant improvements at all levels, which enhances the need for continuous review of the language policy to ensure that it is achieving its goals. The current study seeks to discuss Saudi language policy in general, with a specific focus on Arabic language decisions, by utilizing an integrated approach, consisting of questionnaire and interview with a sample of administrative leaders in the Kingdom. The study seeks to discuss the ideology underlying Saudi language policy, as well as views on its nature, effectiveness, impact and implementation challenges; it also proposes a framework to build a Saudi language policy aimed at preserving previous achievements and achieving future aspirations. The study demonstrates the existence of social, cultural and linguistic ideologies that support the policies related to the Arabic language, such as considering it as a basic component of the political entity, a major part of the national identity; it also identifies concern for Arabic in the linguistic landscape, along with its centrality in the educational system, and the keenness of linguistic purification. The results also showed the participants’ agreement on the clarity of the decisions on language, as well as its comprehensiveness, need for development, and the extent to which individuals and institutions exhibit a weak awareness of it. Also, it reveals the existence of some problems that prevent its implementation, which are related to the decisions themselves, the procedural processes, or the administrative institutions. The study also provides suggested methodological recommendations to build the desired language policy, which proceeds from a research base and builds on current achievements.
Badi‘iyyat in Praise of the Prophet: Gift Exchange Theory
Authors: د. مشاري عبدالعزيز الموسى د. مشاري عبدالعزيز الموسى
Published: July 2020

this study approaches badi‘iyyat in light of gift exchange theory by Marcel Mauss. It tries to solve the problem of badi‘iyyat definition and their goal. The value of the study lies in the new practical way of applying this theory on badi‘iyyat, which will pave the way for future studies to apply the same theory on other literary texts. It begins with exploring different notions of understanding badi‘iyyat and their goal. The study proposes a definition of them. Then, it moves to apply the gift exchange theory on three of badi‘iyyat to observe their potential to be a reward or gift, the textual aspects that poets have added to enhance their badi‘iyyat as a reward or gift, and how the poets have increased the value of badi‘iyyat by employing metapoetry and mythic concordance. The study then reaches its conclusion.
Bireysel Yenilikçilik Eğilimi ve Yeniliğin Önündeki Engeller Açısından Kadın Akademisyen Profilleri: 2006 Yılından Sonra Kurulan Üniversitelerde Bir Durum Analizi
Authors: AKGÜN ZUHAL
Published: July 2020

Bilgi çağının şekillenmesinde önemli rol üstelen kurumlardan biri olan üniversiteler, yeniliklerin yönlendirilmesinde önemli yapı taşları olarak akademisyenler ışığında yol almaktadır. Akademisyenlerin yenilikçi bir profil çizmesinin eğitim-öğretim kalitesinin yükselmesine katkı sağlayacağı varsayılmaktadır. Toplumsal gelişimin merkezinde yer alan üniversitelerde, akademik kaliteyi yükselten kadın akademisyenlerin yenilikçi profilleri belirlemek bu çalışmanın amaçlarından biridir. Yükseköğretimin kadın temsilcileri için yenilikçi olmanın, yenilikçi bireyler yetiştirmenin sorumluluğu yanında yenilikçiliğin önündeki engellerin varlığından da söz edilmektedir. Kendini geliştirme, kariyer ilerlemesi gibi çeşitli alanlarda kendini göstermesi muhtemel olan bu engellere ilişkin tespitlerde bulunmak, çalışmanın diğer bir amacını oluşturmaktadır.
Belirlenen amaçlar doğrultusunda uygulanan anket formunda Bireysel Yenilikçilik Ölçeği (BYÖ), Yeniliğin Önündeki Engeller (YÖE) ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Saha araştırması 2006 yılında kurulan 15 üniversiteye yönelik yapılmaktadır. Üniversitelerin web sitelerinde bulunan mail adresleri aracılığıyla elde edilen veriler SPSS programında analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcı kadın akademisyenlerin yüksek düzeyde yenilikçi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En yenilikçi ve öncü kategorinin Dr. Öğretim üyesi ve öğretim görevlisi, 31-40 yaş aralığı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yeniliğin önündeki engellerin kadın akademisyenler tarafından algılanmasında bağımsız değişkenler açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmamakla beraber öğretim görevlisi ve araştırma görevlilerinin algı düzeyi daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Kurumsal ve bireysel engeller yüksek öncelikli, toplumsal engeller düşük öncelikli değerlendirilmiştir.
Body Composition Rate Results after Acupuncture and Diet Applications in Women with Obesity Patients
Authors: Hayriye Alp
Published: July 2020

Obesity is a disease defined by excessive fat storage in the body. It is an energy balance problem; the increase in body fat is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure.
Method/participants: The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 in xxx University’s GETAT Center). Patients aged between 18–65 years with a BMI > 25 were included in the study.
Exclusion Criteria: Pregnant women, breastfeeding patients , susceptible demographics (acute coronary insufficiency, immunodeficiency, severe psychotic disorder, liver and kidney failure), and those who could not give consent were not included in the study. Weight, BMI, and metabolic age values were measured with a Tanita device; the same diagnostic device was used for all patients. Both body and ear acupuncture were performed.
Results: A t-test was applied to pre- and post-acupuncture measurement values. After acupuncture, the waist circumference of the participants decreased significantly (p < 0.005). The BMI of the participants also decreased significantly after acupuncture (p < 0.005).
Explorando el fujimorismo en el ámbito subnacional: los Gobiernos Regionales de Ica, Pasco y San Martín (2014-2018)
Authors: Augusto Meléndez María Claudia , Vergara Paniagua Alberto
Published: July 2020

En los últimos años, algunos trabajos han señalado que dentro de la «democracia sin partidos» peruana, el fujimorismo podría ser un caso de excepcional construcción partidaria. Algunos consideran que ya es un partido consolidado y otros han enfatizado la posibilidad de que está en camino a la consolidación. Más allá del diagnóstico, estas investigaciones subrayan ciertos activos materiales e ideacionales que el fujimorismo poseería y que resultan útiles para la construcción partidaria. Estos argumentos han sido desarrollados desde el ámbito nacional. En este artículo, en cambio, nos acercamos al funcionamiento de Fuerza Popular (FP) en el ámbito subnacional. Así también, se realiza dos contribuciones. Primero, el artículo observa el funcionamiento de FP en el ámbito subnacional, algo que había sido dejado de lado. En sistemas políticos descentralizados, los partidos deben ser funcionales a través de los niveles de gobierno y no solo en el nacional. Nuestro estudio centrado en las tres regiones donde FP ganó el gobierno regional en 2014 (Ica, San Martín y Pasco) encuentra que FP tiene activos similares al resto de débiles vehículos partidarios peruanos. Además, FP hace política desde las mismas reglas informales que las otras organizaciones. Estos hallazgos generan una segunda contribución, pues sugieren que las lecturas que vieron a FP como un partido consolidado o en vías de consolidación eran, por lo menos, sobreestimadas.
Política, poder y democracia en el proceso de producción del discurso de la entrevista política de televisión en vivo: el caso Todo se Sabe
Authors: Del Río Villanueva Carmen Amalia
Published: July 2020

¿Cómo dialogamos sobre política en el Perú? Tal inquietud inspiró una tesis cuyo estudio se enfocó en una instancia muy específica de diálogo político: la entrevista política de televisión en vivo (EPTV), producto de las «prácticas» del periodismo televisivo peruano. El caso Todo se sabe, considerado especialmente representativo de tal fenómeno, fue objeto de análisis en sus emisiones del 04 al 08 de diciembre del 2017. A partir de él, se desentrañó el proceso de producción del discurso, con especial foco en el desempeño de la entrevistadora (Milagros Leiva), y se estudió de qué manera encarnaba los conceptos de política, poder y democracia. Para ello, se construyó un método con cuatro factores de análisis: temporal-cuantitativo, lógico-argumentativo, de pertinencia informativa, y de interacción y comunicación. Entre los hallazgos, encontramos una EPTV que difiere, sustancialmente, de la naturaleza de la práctica social conceptualizada desde diversos ámbitos del conocimiento, reconfigurándola, a la par que se divorcia de las competencias que los expertos consideran son las requeridas para el desarrollo de entrevistas eficaces que cumplan con su función social.
Gobernanza ambiental y conservación: las gestiones del SERNANP y PROHVILLA en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Los Pantanos de Villa
Authors: León Sulca Glendy Maybeth
Published: July 2020

La conservación de los humedales, en especial de tipo costero, es importante no sólo por los servicios ecosistémicos que brindan sino también porque permite contrarrestar los efectos del cambio climático. No obstante, en el Perú dichos humedales tan sólo representa un 0.15% del total de superficie de humedales (MINAM 2014 a: 117). Pero ¿Qué acciones se están realizando? Con el fin de lograr una adecuada gestión en los humedales del Perú, la Estrategia Nacional de Humedales (ENH), aprobado mediante Decreto Supremo N° 004-2015-MINAM, ha propuesto fortalecer la coordinación interinstitucional para disminuir la degradación ambiental de los humedales. En tal sentido, ¿Cuáles son los mecanismos de coordinación interinstitucional que se realizan para conservar los humedales costeros? En esta investigación se analiza la gestión y los elementos de coordinación interinstitucional del SERNANP y PROHVILLA en su área natural protegida, como es el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Pantanos de Villa (RDVSPDV) reconocido por ser humedal costero de importancia internacional; así como las acciones destinadas a su conservación para así identificar, si a partir de realizar dicha coordinación, es viable implementar la gobernanza ambiental compartida entre ambas instituciones en la gestión del RDVSPDV.
Reflexiones sobre «el problema de la mujer» en el Perú
Authors: Goicochea Medina Jazmin Jareth
Published: July 2020

En el presente artículo nos acercamos a la reexión sobre el «problema de la mujer» en el Perú a partir de un recorrido desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta la década de 1980. La temporalidad señalada ha contemplado la discusión sobre la educación, el trabajo y el voto femenino, así como procesos organizativos de las mujeres de sectores populares y el feminismo. Esta reexión precede la discusión que incorpora conceptos como patriarcado y género; asimismo, dan cuenta de una historia llena de luchas y resistencia de las mujeres peruanas frente a contextos precarios y violentos.
Tradiciones en conflicto: el Parlamento peruano y la construcción de la Ley universitaria de 1983
Authors: Garfias Marcos
Published: July 2020

¿Bajo cuáles premisas y quiénes edificaron la Ley Universitaria Nº 23373 de 1983, que se mantuvo vigente por más de treinta años en el Perú? El presente artículo responde estas interrogantes y muestra, entre otras cosas, las disputas que surgieron sobre el papel del Estado en el campo de la educación universitaria. Como se verá, la edificación de esta ley representó un hito importante en el proceso de transformaciones que se iniciaron entre 1950 y 1960, las cuales produjeron el declive de las universidades públicas y el favorable posicionamiento de las universidades privadas, una tendencia que se consolidó en las siguientes décadas. Estas disputas involucraron, particularmente, a senadores y diputados, en un contexto marcado por la solidez de los partidos políticos en términos de representación. No obstante, el artículo también recoge información sobre el papel que cumplieron las organizaciones estudiantiles y los sindicatos docentes, con la intención de mostrar los vínculos entre Parlamento y sociedad. Estos actores discutieron sobre la autonomía, la gratuidad y la participación estudiantil en el gobierno universitario, bajo el tamiz de dos tradiciones contrapuestas sobre la injerencia estatal en estos asuntos.
De amor y odio: vida matrimonial, conflicto e intimidad en el Sur Andino Colonial, 1750-1825 de Nicholas A. Robins.
Authors: Bustamante Luis
Published: July 2020

Sorprende la reciente publicación de Nicholas Robins, básicamente por su trayectoria historiográfica más ligada al estudio de los movimientos sociales y a temas medioambientales andinos. Pero sorprende más por la calidad de su contenido. Dedicada a examinar el matrimonio, la vida privada y cotidiana de Charcas virreinal en el marco del reformismo borbónico, la crisis colonial y la independencia, el libro del profesor Robins se suma a la aún exigua lista de materiales consagrados a estos tópicos en el concierto de las naciones andinas.
Una panorámica de la segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico en educación primaria en Perú y sus regiones
Authors: Murillo F. Javier , Carrillo Sandra
Published: July 2020

La segregación escolar afecta la calidad educativa en la medida que determinados grupos de estudiantes no se mezclan con otros que son distintos a ellos. El objetivo del estudio es estimar la magnitud de la segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico en Perú y sus regiones, específicamente en las escuelas urbanas de educación primaria, en sus dimensiones de uniformidad (índice de Gorard) y exposición (índice de Aislamiento). Para ello se realizó una explotación de los datos de la Evaluación Censal de Estudiantes (ECE) del Ministerio de Educación. La muestra está conformada por 141.852 estudiantes de 26 regiones. Los resultados indican que la magnitud de la segregación escolar en primaria es alta (0,50 para todas las escuelas y 0,46 para las urbanas, según el Índice Gorard; así como, 0,49 para todas las escuelas y 0,43 para las urbanas, según el Índice de Aislamiento). Asimismo, se identifica una gran disparidad entre las regiones, con características muy diferenciadas en cada una de ellas. El estudio evidencia que la alta segregación escolar es un gran obstáculo para la equidad del sistema educativo peruano, dado que no solo afecta la igualdad de oportunidades en el aprendizaje, sino que contribuye, en mayor medida, a la segmentación social.
Wahid Jahan, a Reformer's Wife and Partner in Muslim Women's Reform at Aligarh
Authors: Bano Shadab
Published: July 2020

As the Muslim women’s question was articulated by men in the ‘reform’ movement (as in other communities), the participation of women was also by their (male) design; many times, women’s reform activities were seen as evidence of their own (male) progress. This paper examines the role of women initiated in the reform movement and the ‘role model’ they were expected to play, especially if educated and wedded to one active in ‘reform.’ The paper takes up the study of Wahid Jahan in reform, wife of Sheikh Abdullah, a pioneer in Muslim women’s education at Aligarh in the early twentieth century. Initiated in reform by her husband, and expected to follow his guidelines in all-important matters like being a ‘good wife’, her life would still be worthwhile to explore if the wife’s commitment and initiatives moved beyond the expectations or dictates of her husband. The paper thus, through biographical writings on Wahid Jahan, seeks to examine the larger question of reform normative and wife’s agency; whether it was possible for a wife as subordinate partner in reform and agent at home, to extend spaces for women both in the family and the school, or to separate herself from her roles.
Attitudes towards Family Formation Among Young Adults in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Ahmad Norainie
Published: July 2020

This study examines young adults’ attitudes towards marriage and family formation in Bruneian society. Questionnaires were distributed to a group of undergraduate students aged 17-31. Findings show that the majority of young adults in the study expected to be married within an ideal age range of 25-29, a period in their lives when they also ideally want to have their first child. However, respondents overwhelmingly agree that marriage should take place after graduating from university, and more importantly, after finding a stable job. This signifies not only an idealisation of a sequence of life course events that diverges from the traditional Bruneian Malay Muslim cultural narrative(in terms of timing of marriage and family formation), but also suggests increasingly heterogeneous life course pathways that might not be as predictable, given the challenges in securing a job (or a spouse), after graduation. This study, thus, sheds light on the transition to adulthood among Bruneians, and offers a glimpse of the motivations behind increasing ages at first marriage, increasing proportions of female singlehood, and apparent desires for smaller families that characterise the Bruneian population today.
Hearing Silent Voices and Listening to Perceptions and Experiences of Pukhtun Women on Higher Education: Opportunities for Women in Pakistan
Authors: Gul Khattak Shabana Shamaas
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate factors relating to the low level of women’s participation in higher education in Khyber Pukhtunkhwah (KP), aparticularly conservative and traditionalist region of Pakistan, adjoining Afghanistan. The data analysis shows that women who succeed in entering higher education are in general from the elite/upper and the upper-middle classes. However, even these elite women face problems relating to particularly conservative understandings and practices that are culturally specific to Pukhtun culture rather than to the actual teachings of Islam, the religion professed by a majority of the people. In addition, attitudes towards women and the language of instruction have implications on women's access to education. More importantly, women of all economic classes have difficulty in making their own decisions and have to seek approval from their families, particularly their male relatives. The paper argues that men (and women) misinterpret teachings of religion, in other words they ‘culturalise’ Islam, instead of Islamising their culture. Drawing upon women's narratives, this study not only investigates factors affecting female participation in higher education in KP, but also gives voice to the traditionally voiceless Pakhtun women and puts on record stories not heard before.
Experiences of Female Teachers in Elite and Non-Elite Private Schools of Pakistan
Authors: Ali Rabia , Khan Sheema
Published: July 2020

This study examines the experiences of female teachers working in private schools in Islamabad, Pakistan. These schools were divided into two categories: elite schools and non- elite schools. This differentiation was made based on fee structure, location of schools and salaries offered to teachers. Thirty-six in-depth interviews were conducted, including 24 interviews from teachers and 12 from school principals. Additionally, the responses of 96 teachers were taken through a survey in the selected schools. The data reveals that female teachers in both elite and non-elite schools encountered numerous constraints. The major issues highlighted by the teachers included low wages, lack of support from administration, disrespectful behaviour from students and job dissatisfaction. The majority considered teaching as a temporary arrangement while they waited for better employment opportunities in other sectors. This study recommends that to rescue the profession of teaching, the state can play a role by safeguarding the rights of teachers. The focus should not be merely on privatization of the education sector but due accountability of private schools is needed not only in terms of quality of education provided, but also workplace ethics and resources provided to teachers.
Women’s Rights Or Ontological Erasure? A Feminist Insight Into Women Protection Bill (2015)
Authors: Aamir Rabia
Published: July 2020

The schism created between man and woman in recent times of some past centuries has generated critical debates in different social frameworks. In Pakistan’s context, the recently passed bill for women’s protection has garnered a debate about certain structured gender roles that need be addressed to alleviate the sexual polarization that has ensued. While some religious factions have their apparently patriarchal concerns to resolve the perpetration of anti-patriarchal discourse that this bill seemingly initiates, this paper explores the manifestations of very pertinent anti-feminist concerns that this bill ensconces in its text, the discussion of which is mandatory for the peace and stability of this society. Drawing interstitially from Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s concept of the subaltern in a postcolonial context, the questioning of the parochial double-bound concept of post-coloniality and womanhood by Sara Suleri, and the legacy of Islamic feminism are three possible modes of addressing these relevant trepidations in the Pakistani context. Using this multi-pronged approach as a theoretical framework, this exploratory paper impresses an imperative of deconstructing the textual implications initiated by such issues as raised in this bill. Validating the common grounds of the three adopted approaches, this study is an attempt at revealing a multiplicity of meanings for objective cognizance.
Understanding the Influence of Women’s Education on Their Autonomy: Evidence From a Less Developed Area in Pakistan
Authors: Agha Nadia , Tarar Maliha Gull
Published: July 2020

Women’s autonomy or ability to make decisions is determined by several factors, education is one of them. In this paper, we have checked the association of women’s education with their autonomy. We have considered how women’s education influences the decisions regarding their marriage, participation in family’s decisions, access to healthcare facilities and management of finances in the family. From a randomly selected cluster of neighbourhoods/muhallas in Jacobabad city, we purposively selected 391 married women from different households for testing four hypotheses. Results reveal that education played a positive role in the women’s lives by enhancing their participation in the family’s power distribution. Women with graduate level education performed better in the family’s power distribution than women with primary or secondary level education. The women with graduate level education were asked their consent for marriage, had more frequent participation in family’s decisions and visited healthcare facilities more often. However, these women also had limited control over the family’s finances, which shows that educated women too do not have complete autonomy in managing and controlling household finances, which can empower them and enhance their status in the family.
The Unforgettable and Invisible Truth: A Study of Acquaintance Rape in Yejide Kilanko’s Daughters Who Walk This Path
Authors: Dodhy Shamaila
Published: July 2020

The outstanding contribution of feminism is that it highlighted the issue of women’s mental health instigated by hidden but common abuse of women and children. Yejide Kilanko has presented an incidence of sexual aggression by a violent male figure, which results in severe negative consequences in a fragile girl of fifteen. The invisible truth of unforgettable experience overshadows her being. The disclosure leads to varied reactions from the public—ranging from surprise, pity, disappointment to supportive and compassionate care. The concept of social stigma makes life miserable for the victim who feels sadness and humiliation. However, by inculcating hope within the traumatized individual, profound marks embedded in the psyche of the victim are deciphered, but the violent experience remains alive until the time of the victim’s burial. This study promotes the possibility for alteration in cultural and socio-political ideologies, which sustain trauma and the perpetrators of trauma.
Remembering Urban Trauma: St Petersburg and Nijmegen in the Second World War
Authors: Van Ansem Niek , David Louise , Van Eekhout Carien , Leijnse Marit , Mellendijk Savannah , Oost Kees
Published: July 2020

The issue of the memory of collective trauma has rarely been analyzed in cross-cultural research. Urban trauma, in particular, is a relatively unknown concept. Never before has the memory of urban trauma of the cities of St Petersburg and Nijmegen in relation to the Second World War been compared in the academic realm. This article sets out to create a juxtaposition of St Petersburg and Nijmegen in terms of their Second World War traumas and the way these traumas are represented and commemorated in both cities. The authors examine the meaning-making role that experts play within the remembrance culture of St Petersburg and Nijmegen. A thick description of conducted field research and interviews with experts are used in order to thoroughly compare the experts’ approach to the remembrance cultures. This article aims to compare and translate the way in which different types of memory of trauma relate to the same event. It establishes that although there are distinct differences between the two cities, experts deal with researching the commemoration of trauma in a similar manner. This study reveals uneasy questions, blind spots and taboos of commemorating urban trauma in both Russia and the Netherlands.
The Body of Art
Authors: Waldrep Shelton
Published: July 2020

As part of a larger study on the mainstreaming of pornography in contemporary film and television, this essay attempts to examine and extend our vocabulary for discussing visual representations of the human body by revisiting Kenneth Clark’s important study The Nude from 1972. Clark’s book provides a history of the male and female nude in two- and three-dimensional art from Ancient Egypt and Greece to the Renaissance and beyond. This essay focuses on places within his analysis that are especially generative for understanding pornography such as the importance of placing the nude form within a narrative (Venus is emerging from her bath, for example) or attempts by artists to suggest movement within static forms. The essay places Clark’s rich typology in conversation with other thinkers, such as Fredric Jameson, Erwin Panofsky, E. H. Gombrich, and Michel Foucault. The piece ends with a discussion of androgyny and hermaphroditism as they relate to the expression of gender in plastic art, especially the notion that all representations of the body necessarily include a gender spectrum within one figure. Artists whose work is looked at in some detail include Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Donatello.
Tax management from the global to the Latin American
Authors: Contreras Velez Gabriel Eduardo , Mercado Tordecilla Lina Marcela , Altamiranda Percy Edgar David
Published: July 2020

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la definición de la gestión tributaria desde lo global a lo latinoamericano con especial atención en Colombia y Venezuela. Estuvo enmarcado en una metodología cuantitativa a través del análisis bibliométrico de los principales artículos científicos hallados por la base de datos JCR (SCOPUS) a partir del 2018-2020. Esto permitió conocer que la Gerencia tributaria en la aldea internacional se enmarca en la administración de impuestos configurada por una política pública fiscal sobre el desarrollo de las actividades comerciales y permiten la sustentabilidad de la sociedad. Sin embargo, es un proceso planificado y no improvisado con metas de recaudación por los estados, alineados a estrategias y políticas para el logro efectivo del proceso.
From madness to mental illness
Authors: Hudson Roger
Published: July 2020

Reports of psychotic episodes characterized by irrational, unintelligible behaviours and hallucinations are frequent throughout historical narratives. Appropriately contextualized, some of these descriptions appear to resemble the paranoid, and catatonic characteristics of schizophrenia, respectively, yet holistic accounts of schizophrenia-like syndromes rarely exist prior to the 19th century.1 Despite evolving diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches, and more than 100 years since the demarcation of schizophrenia by Eugen Bleuler in 1908, the etiology, neuropathology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia remain elusive.2-4 No biological markers possess the sensitivity and specificity expected of a diagnostic test, and schizophrenia persists conceptually as a broad clinical syndrome characterized by a range of subjective symptoms with varying patterns of course.5-8 This heterogeneity coupled with a lack of coherence between clinical and preclinical evidence have fueled speculation about the validity of current conceptualizations of the illness.9-12 Nevertheless, patients exhibit typical symptom progression over time, appear to respond favourably to particular treatment approaches, and despite inconsistencies in diagnostic classification, alternative proposals do not offer improvements in any of these categories.13,14 Undoubtedly, further parsing of schizophrenia and related disorders will be necessary to advance future treatment and diagnostic approaches. In this review, we briefly outline the origins of schizophrenia as it is conceptualized contemporarily by linking ancient medical descriptions with modern clinical perspectives, and discuss why historical accounts of schizophrenia may not accurately reflect its prevalence in the past.