bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel EB-1/AIDA-1 isoform, AIDA-1c, interacts with the Cajal body protein coilin
Authors: Xu Hongzhi , Hebert Michael D
Published: May 2005

Background

Cajal bodies (CBs) are nuclear suborganelles that play a role in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), which are crucial for pre-mRNA splicing. Upon nuclear reentry, Sm-class snRNPs localize first to the CB, where the snRNA moiety of the snRNP is modified. It is not clear how snRNPs target to the CB and are released from this structure after their modification. Coilin, the CB marker protein, may participate in snRNP biogenesis given that it can interact with snRNPs and SMN. SMN is crucial for snRNP assembly and is the protein mutated in the neurodegenerative disease Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Coilin knockout mice display significant viability problems and altered CB formation. Thus characterization of the CB and its associated proteins will give insight into snRNP biogenesis and clarify the dynamic organization of the nucleus.

Results

In this report, we identify a novel protein isoform of EB-1/AIDA-1, termed AIDA-1c, that interacts with the CB marker protein, coilin. Northern and nested PCR experiments reveal that the AIDA-1c isoform is expressed in brain and several cancer cell lines. Competition binding experiments demonstrate that AIDA-1c competes with SmB' for coilin binding sites, but does not bind SMN. When ectopically expressed, AIDA-1c is predominantly nuclear with no obvious accumulations in CBs. Interestingly, another EB-1/AIDA-1 nuclear isoform, AIDA-1a, does not bind coilin in vivo as efficiently as AIDA-1c. Knockdown of EB-1/AIDA-1 isoforms by siRNA altered Cajal body organization and reduced cell viability.

Conclusion

These data suggest that specific EB-1/AIDA-1 isoforms, such as AIDA-1c, may participate in the regulation of nucleoplasmic coilin protein interactions in neuronal and transformed cells.
A phase I study of hydralazine to demethylate and reactivate the expression of tumor suppressor genes
Authors: Zambrano Pilar , Segura-Pacheco Blanca , Perez-Cardenas Enrique , Cetina Lucely , Revilla-Vazquez Alma , Taja-Chayeb Lucía , Chavez-Blanco Alma , Angeles Enrique , Cabrera Gustavo , Sandoval Karina , Trejo-Becerril Catalina , Chanona-Vilchis Jose , Duenas-González Alfonso
Published: May 2005

Background

The antihypertensive compound hydralazine is a known demethylating agent. This phase I study evaluated the tolerability and its effects upon DNA methylation and gene reactivation in patients with untreated cervical cancer.

Methods

Hydralazine was administered to cohorts of 4 patients at the following dose levels: I) 50 mg/day, II) 75 mg/day, III) 100 mg/day and IV) 150 mg/day. Tumor biopsies and peripheral blood samples were taken the day before and after treatment. The genes APC, MGMT; ER, GSTP1, DAPK, RARβ, FHIT and p16 were evaluated pre and post-treatment for DNA promoter methylation and gene expression by MSP (Methylation-Specific PCR) and RT-PCR respectively in each of the tumor samples. Methylation of the imprinted H19 gene and the "normally methylated" sequence clone 1.2 was also analyzed. Global DNA methylation was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis and cytosine extension assay. Toxicity was evaluated using the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria.

Results

Hydralazine was well tolerated. Toxicities were mild being the most common nausea, dizziness, fatigue, headache and palpitations. Overall, 70% of the pretreatment samples and all the patients had at least one methylated gene. Rates of demethylation at the different dose levels were as follows: 50 mg/day, 40%; 75 mg/day, 52%, 100 mg/day, 43%, and 150 mg/day, 32%. Gene expression analysis showed only 12 informative cases, of these 9 (75%) re-expressed the gene. There was neither change in the methylation status of H19 and clone 1.2 nor changes in global DNA methylation.

Conclusion

Hydralazine at doses between 50 and 150 mg/day is well tolerated and effective to demethylate and reactivate the expression of tumor suppressor genes without affecting global DNA methylation
Early efficacy of CABG care delivery in a low procedure-volume community hospital: operative and midterm results
Authors: Papadimos Thomas J , Habib Robert H , Zacharias Anoar , Schwann Thomas A , Riordan Christopher J , Durham Samuel J , Shah Aamir
Published: May 2005

Background

The Leapfrog Group recommended that coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery should be done at high volume hospitals (>450 per year) without corresponding surgeon-volume criteria. The latter confounds procedure-volume effects substantially, and it is suggested that high surgeon-volume (>125 per year) rather than hospital-volume may be a more appropriate indicator of CABG quality.

Methods

We assessed 3-year isolated CABG morbidity and mortality outcomes at a low-volume hospital (LVH: 504 cases) and compared them to the corresponding Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) national data over the same period (2001–2003). All CABGs were performed by 5 high-volume surgeons (161–285 per year). "Best practice" care at LVH – including effective practice guidelines, protocols, data acquisition capabilities, case review process, dedicated facilities and support personnel – were closely modeled after a high-volume hospital served by the same surgeon-team.

Results

Operative mortality was similar for LVH and STS (OM: 2.38% vs. 2.53%), and the corresponding LVH observed-to-expected mortality (O/E = 0.81) indicated good quality relative to the STS risk model (O/E<1). Also, these results were consistent irrespective of risk category: O/E was 0, 0.9 and 1.03 for very-low risk (<1%), low risk (1–3%) and moderate-to-high risk category (>3%), respectively. Postoperative leg wound infections, ventilator hours, renal dysfunction (no dialysis), and atrial fibrillation were higher for LVH, but hospital stay was not. The unadjusted Kaplan-Meier survival for the LVH cohort was 96%, 94%, and 92% at one, two, and three years, respectively.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that high quality CABG care can be achieved at LVH programs if 1) served by high volume surgeons and 2) patient care procedures similar to those of large programs are implemented. This approach may prove a useful paradigm to ensure high quality CABG care and early efficacy at low volume institutions that wish to comply with the Leapfrog standards.
APF, HB-EGF, and EGF biomarkers in patients with ulcerative vs. non-ulcerative interstitial cystitis
Authors: Zhang Chen-Ou , Li Ze-Liang , Kong Chui-Ze
Published: May 2005

Background

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic bladder disorder, with symptoms including pelvic and or perineal pain, urinary frequency, and urgency. The etiology of IC is unknown, but sensitive and specific biomarkers have been described, including antiproliferative factor (APF), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). However, the relative sensitivity of these biomarkers in ulcerative vs. nonulcerative IC is unknown, and these markers have yet to be validated in another laboratory. We therefore measured these markers in urine from patients with or without Hunner's ulcer, as well as normal controls, patients with bladder cancer, and patients with bacterial cystitis, at the First Hospital of China Medical University.

Methods

Urine specimens were collected from two groups of Chinese IC patients (38 IC patients with Hunner's ulcers, 26 IC patients without Hunner's ulcers), 30 normal controls, 10 bacterial cystitis patients and 10 bladder cancer patients. APF activity was determined by measuring 3H-thymidine incorporation in vitro, and HB-EGF and EGF levels were determined by ELISA.

Results

APF activity (inhibition of thymidine incorporation) was significantly greater in all IC patient urine specimens than in normal control specimens or in specimens from patients with bacterial cystitis or bladder cancer (p < 0.0001 for each comparison). Urine HB-EGF levels were also significantly lower and EGF levels significantly higher in both groups of IC patients than in the three control groups (p < 0.0001 for each comparison). Although APF and HB-EGF levels were similar in ulcerative and nonulcerative IC patients, EGF levels were significantly higher in IC patients with vs. without ulcers (p < 0.004).

Conclusion

These findings indicate that APF, HB-EGF and EGF are good biomarkers for both ulcerative and nonulcerative IC and validate their measurement as biomarkers for IC in Chinese patients.
A portable near infrared spectroscopy system for bedside monitoring of newborn brain
Authors: Bozkurt Alper , Rosen Arye , Rosen Harel , Onaral Banu
Published: May 2005

Background

Newborns with critical health conditions are monitored in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). In NICU, one of the most important problems that they face is the risk of brain injury. There is a need for continuous monitoring of newborn's brain function to prevent any potential brain injury. This type of monitoring should not interfere with intensive care of the newborn. Therefore, it should be non-invasive and portable.

Methods

In this paper, a low-cost, battery operated, dual wavelength, continuous wave near infrared spectroscopy system for continuous bedside hemodynamic monitoring of neonatal brain is presented. The system has been designed to optimize SNR by optimizing the wavelength-multiplexing parameters with special emphasis on safety issues concerning burn injuries. SNR improvement by utilizing the entire dynamic range has been satisfied with modifications in analog circuitry.

Results and Conclusion

As a result, a shot-limited SNR of 67 dB has been achieved for 10 Hz temporal resolution. The system can operate more than 30 hours without recharging when an off-the-shelf 1850 mAh-7.2 V battery is used. Laboratory tests with optical phantoms and preliminary data recorded in NICU demonstrate the potential of the system as a reliable clinical tool to be employed in the bedside regional monitoring of newborn brain metabolism under intensive care.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the gallbladder
Authors: Behranwala Kasim A , Straker Peter , Wan Andrew , Fisher Cyril , Thompson Jeremy N
Published: May 2005

Background

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is a benign, nonmetastasizing proliferation of myofibroblasts with a potential for local infiltration, recurrence and persistent local growth.

Case report

We report a case of a 51 year-old female, who had excision of a gallbladder tumour. Histopathology showed it to be IMT of the gallbladder.

Conclusion

The approach to these tumours should be primarily surgical resection to obtain a definitive diagnosis and relieve symptoms. IMT has a potential for local infiltration, recurrence and persistent local growth.
The not-for-profit form and translational research: Kerr revisited?
Authors: Joiner Keith A
Published: May 2005

Translational research conducted in academic health centers is confounded by the organizational structure in which the work is performed. Investigators must obtain research funding and appropriate recognition as a part of a research team in a not-for-profit environment which has more readily rewarded basic work, and individual accomplishments. What results is a unique form of conflict of interest, best understood by relating the basic principles underlying the not-for-profit form to the conduct of translational research in the AHC setting.
Inactivation of HIV-1 in breast milk by treatment with the alkyl sulfate microbicide sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
Authors: Urdaneta Sandra , Wigdahl Brian , Neely Elizabeth B , Berlin Cheston M , Schengrund Cara-Lynne , Lin Hung-Mo , Howett Mary K
Published: May 2005

Background

Reducing transmission of HIV-1 through breast milk is needed to help decrease the burden of pediatric HIV/AIDS in society. We have previously reported that alkyl sulfates (i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) are microbicidal against HIV-1 at low concentrations, are biodegradable, have little/no toxicity and are inexpensive. Therefore, they may be used for treatment of HIV-1 infected breast milk. In this report, human milk was artificially infected by adding to it HIV-1 (cell-free or cell-associated) and treated with ≤1% SDS (≤10 mg/ml). Microbicidal treatment was at 37°C or room temperature for 10 min. SDS removal was performed with a commercially available resin. Infectivity of HIV-1 and HIV-1 load in breast milk were determined after treatment.

Results

SDS (≥0.1%) was virucidal against cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1 in breast milk. SDS could be substantially removed from breast milk, without recovery of viral infectivity. Viral load in artificially infected milk was reduced to undetectable levels after treatment with 0.1% SDS. SDS was virucidal against HIV-1 in human milk and could be removed from breast milk if necessary. Milk was not infectious after SDS removal.

Conclusion

The proposed treatment concentrations are within reported safe limits for ingestion of SDS by children of 1 g/kg/day. Therefore, use of alkyl sulfate microbicides, such as SDS, to treat HIV1-infected breast milk may be a novel alternative to help prevent/reduce transmission of HIV-1 through breastfeeding.
Mechanisms of lipid malabsorption in Cystic Fibrosis: the impact of essential fatty acids deficiency
Authors: Peretti N , Marcil V , Drouin E , Levy E
Published: May 2005

Transport mechanisms, whereby alimentary lipids are digested and packaged into small emulsion particles that enter intestinal cells to be translocated to the plasma in the form of chylomicrons, are impaired in cystic fibrosis. The purpose of this paper is to focus on defects that are related to intraluminal and intracellular events in this life-limiting genetic disorder. Specific evidence is presented to highlight the relationship between fat malabsorption and essential fatty acid deficiency commonly found in patients with cystic fibrosis that are often related to the genotype. Given the interdependency of pulmonary disease, pancreatic insufficiency and nutritional status, greater attention should be paid to the optimal correction of fat malabsorption and essential fatty acid deficiency in order to improve the quality of life and extend the life span of patients with cystic fibrosis.
Designing a HER2/neupromoter to drive α1,3galactosyltransferase expression for targeted anti-αGal antibody-mediated tumor cell killing
Authors: Lanteri Marion , Ollier Laurence , Giordanengo Valérie , Lefebvre Jean-Claude
Published: May 2005

Introduction

Our goal was to specifically render tumor cells susceptible to natural cytolytic anti-αGal antibodies by using a murine α1,3galactosyltransferase (mαGalT) transgene driven by a designed form of HER2/neu promoter (pNeu), the transcription of which is frequently observed to be above basal in breast tumors. Indeed, the αGalT activity that promotes Galα1,3Galβ1,4GlcNAc-R (αGal) epitope expression has been mutationally disrupted during the course of evolution, starting from Old World primates, and this has led to the counter-production of large amounts of cytotoxic anti-αGal antibodies in recent primates, including man.

Method

Expression of the endogenous c-erbB-2 gene was investigated in various cell lines by northern blotting. A mαGalT cDNA was constructed into pcDNA3 vector downstream of the original CMV promoter (pCMV/mαGalT) and various forms of pNeu were prepared by PCR amplification and inserted in the pCMV/mαGalT construct upstream of the mαGalT cDNA, in the place of the CMV promoter. These constructs were transferred into HEK-293 control and breast tumor cell lines. Stably transfected cells were analyzed by northern blotting for their expression of αGalT and c-erbB-2, and by flow cytometry for their binding with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Griffonia simplicifolia/isolectin B4.

Results

We show that expression of the mαGalT was up- or down-modulated according to the level of endogenous pNeu activity and the particular form of constructed pNeu. Among several constructs, two particular forms of the promoter, pNeu250 containing the CCAAT box and the PEA3 motif adjacent to the TATAA box, and pNeu664, which has three additional PEA3 motifs upstream of the CCAAT box, were found to promote differential αGalT expression.

Conclusion

Our results strengthen current concepts about the crucial role played by the proximal PEA3 motif of pNeu, and may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the development of targeted transgene expression.
Fatality after deliberate ingestion of the pesticide rotenone: a case report
Authors: Wood David Michael , Alsahaf Hadi , Streete Peter , Dargan Paul Ivor , Jones Alison Linda
Published: May 2005

Rotenone is a pesticide derived from the roots of plants from the Leguminosae family. Poisoning following deliberate ingestion of these plant roots has commonly been reported in Papua New Guinea. However, poisoning with commercially available rotenone in humans has been reported only once previously following accidental ingestion in a 3.5-year-old child. Therefore, the optimal management of rotenone poisoning is not known. After deliberate ingestion of up to 200 ml of a commercially available 0.8% rotenone solution, a 47-year-old female on regular metformin presented with a reduced level of consciousness, metabolic acidosis and respiratory compromise. Metformin was not detected in premortem blood samples obtained. Despite intensive supportive management, admission to an intensive care unit, and empirical use of N-acetylcysteine and antioxidant therapy, she did not survive. Poisoning with rotenone is uncommon but is potentially fatal because this agent inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In vitro cell studies have shown that rotenone-induced toxicity is reduced by the use of N-acetylcysteine, antioxidants and potassium channel openers. However, no animal studies have been reported that confirm these findings, and there are no previous reports of attempted use of these agents in patients with acute rotenone-induced toxicity.
Pulse high-volume haemofiltration for treatment of severe sepsis: effects on hemodynamics and survival
Authors: Ratanarat Ranistha , Brendolan Alessandra , Piccinni Pasquale , Dan Maurizio , Salvatori Gabriella , Ricci Zaccaria , Ronco Claudio
Published: May 2005

Introduction

Severe sepsis is the leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients. Abnormal concentrations of inflammatory mediators appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Based on the humoral theory of sepsis, a potential therapeutic approach involves high-volume haemofiltration (HVHF), which has exhibited beneficial effects in severe sepsis, improving haemodynamics and unselectively removing proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. However, concerns have been expressed about the feasibility and costs of continuous HVHF. Here we evaluate a new modality, namely pulse HVHF (PHVHF; 24-hour schedule: HVHF 85 ml/kg per hour for 6–8 hours followed by continuous venovenous haemofiltration 35 ml/kg per hour for 16–18 hours).

Method

Fifteen critically ill patients (seven male; mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE] II score 31.2, mean Simplified Acute Physiology Score [SAPS] II 62, and mean Sequential Organ Failure Assessment 14.2) with severe sepsis underwent daily PHVHF. We measured changes in haemodynamic variables and evaluated the dose of noradrenaline required to maintain mean arterial pressure above 70 mmHg during and after pulse therapy at 6 and 12 hours. PHVHF was performed with 250 ml/min blood flow rate. The bicarbonate-based replacement fluid was used at a 1:1 ratio in simultaneous pre-dilution and post-dilution.

Results

No treatment was prematurely discontinued. Haemodynamics were improved by PHVHF, allowing a significant reduction in noradrenaline dose during and at the end of the PHVHF session; this reduction was maintained at 6 and 12 hours after pulse treatment (P = 0.001). There was also an improvement in systolic blood pressure (P = 0.04). There were no changes in temperature, cardiac index, oxygenation, arterial pH or urine output during the period of observation. The mean daily Kt/V was 1.92. Predicted mortality rates were 72% (based on APACHE II score) and 68% (based on SAPS II score), and the observed 28-day mortality was 47%.

Conclusion

PHVHF is a feasible modality and improves haemodynamics both during and after therapy. It may be a beneficial adjuvant treatment for severe sepsis/septic shock in terms of patient survival, and it represents a compromise between continuous renal replacement therapy and HVHF.
ABL Mutations in Late Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients With Up-Front Cytogenetic Resistance to Imatinib Are Associated With a Greater Likelihood of Progression to Blast Crisis and Shorter Survival: A Study by the GIMEMA Working Party on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Soverini Simona , Martinelli Giovanni , Rosti Gianantonio , Bassi Simona , Amabile Marilina , Poerio Angela , Giannini Barbara , Trabacchi Elena , Castagnetti Fausto , Testoni Nicoletta , Luatti Simona , de Vivo Antonio , Cilloni Daniela , Izzo Barbara , Fava Milena , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Alberti Daniele , Pane Fabrizio , Saglio Giuseppe , Baccarani Michele
Published: May 2005

Purpose

Point mutations within the ABL kinase domain of the BCR-ABL gene have been associated with clinical resistance to imatinib mesylate in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. To shed further light on the frequency, distribution, and prognostic significance of ABL mutations, we retrospectively analyzed a homogeneous cohort of late chronic phase CML patients who showed primary cytogenetic resistance to imatinib.

Patients and Methods

Using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (D-HPLC) and sequencing, we screened for ABL mutations in a total of 178 bone marrow and/or peripheral blood samples from 40 late chronic phase CML patients homogeneously treated with imatinib 400 mg/d, who did not reach a major cytogenetic response at 12 months.

Results

Mutations were found in 19 of 40 patients (48%). Mutations were already detectable by D-HPLC at a median of 3 months from the onset of therapy. The presence of a missense mutation was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of subsequent progression to accelerated phase/blast crisis (P = .0002) and shorter survival (P = .001). Patients carrying mutations falling within the P-loop seemed to have a particularly poor outcome in terms of time to progression (P = .032) and survival (P = .045).

Conclusion

Our results show that, irrespective of the hematologic response, monitoring for emerging mutations in the first months of therapy may play a role in detecting patients with worse prognosis, for whom a revision of the therapeutic strategy should be considered.
The Theoretical Basis of Transcriptional Therapy of Cancer: Can It Be Put Into Practice?
Authors: Melnick Ari M. , Adelson Kerin , Licht Jonathan D.
Published: May 2005

Aberrant gene silencing is a frequent event in cancer and plays a critical role in the molecular pathogenesis of malignant transformation. The two major mechanisms of silencing in cancer include transcriptional repression by mutated or aberrantly expressed transcription factors, and aberrant epigenetic silencing by hypermethylation of tumor suppressor or DNA repair–related genes. Both of these mechanisms require the activities of multiprotein chromatin remodeling and modifying machines, several of which may be mutated in cancer. The end result is genetic reprogramming of cells to express combinations of genes that confer the neoplastic phenotype. Recent discoveries in transcriptional biochemistry and gene regulation indicate that therapeutic agents can be engineered to specifically target these mechanisms. We provide a framework for the clinical or translational scientist to consider how such drugs might be developed and what their impact might be on restoring cells to normal genetic programming.
Comparing Practical Knowledge Storage of Deaf and Hearing Teachers of Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Marlatt Edward A
Published: May 2005

Especially in the education of students who are deaf or hard
of hearing, teachers' practical knowledge storage is almost never
measured. The Survey of Practical Knowledge was used to compare the
practical knowledge storage of deaf and hearing teachers of these
students. Surveyed were 48 deaf and 115 hearing individuals at the
preservice and in-service experience levels. Practical knowledge
storage was defined as images, rules of practice, and practical
principles. Results indicate that deaf teachers tend to view students
as equals but are more likely to emphasize control over classroom
behavior than hearing teachers. Hearing teachers tend to stress efforts
to engage students in subject matter by providing variety and relating
it to life experiences. Given the trend toward high-stakes testing of
teachers, further research is encouraged on role differences between
deaf and hearing teachers working with students who are deaf or hard
of hearing.
Navigating the Difficult Waters of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001: What It Means for Education of the Deaf
Authors: Steffan Richard Charles
Published: May 2005

The author outlines the major elements of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and describes the law's impact on deaf education. The law's stated purpose is to close the achievement gap with accountability, flexibility, and choice, so that no child is left behind. The specific goal of the law is to ensure that all students are 100% proficient in reading, mathematics, and science by 2014. No Child Left Behind has effected sweeping reforms in general education. But with 814 requirements, it has also created great stress in educators throughout the United States. No Child Left Behind poses particular challenges to education of the deaf since policymakers gave no consideration to the needs of deaf children in formulating this law. Clearly, deaf students must be included in school and state accountability systems, but the law leaves many questions unanswered.
Applying Critical Thinking Skills to Character Education and Values Clarification With Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Easterbrooks Susan R , Scheetz Nanci A
Published: May 2005

Students who are deaf or hard of hearing must learn to think critically. Character education (CE) refers to the effort to teach basic values and moral reasoning (Doyle & Ponder, 1977). Values clarification (VC) is the process of examining one's basic values and moral reasoning (Rokeach, 1973). Character education and values clarification as subject matter foster the development of critical thinking (CT), a tool used both to develop and to modify values and moral reasoning. These three areas mutually support one another. The development of a set of values and their underlying moral reasoning is the foundation for thinking critically about values. The authors examine the components of critical thinking, character education, and values clarification, summarize the literature, and provide a template for appropriate lesson plans. They also describe strategies that promote the development of critical thinking, character education, and values clarification.
Deaf Children in Regular Classrooms: A Sociocultural Approach to a Brazilian Experience
Authors: Kelman Celeste Azulay , Branco Angela Uchoa
Published: May 2005

Inclusion of deaf children in regular classrooms is often described as unsuccessful. The present article shows how communicative and metacommunicative strategies used in teacher(s)-deaf students(s) interactions may facilitate inclusion. A fourth-grade classroom was investigated where a coteaching approach—a master teacher working with a teacher trained in Brazilian Sign Language (BSL)—was used. The class, 7 deaf and 19 hearing students, was selected because of the teacher dyad's effectiveness with these students. The teachers' interactive styles and strategies are highlighted, along with communicative and metacommunicative processes that occurred between them and the deaf students. The authors show that meanings are co-constructed not only through words or BSL but through nonverbal actions. Relational metacommunicative strategies make integration more effective and learning easier and more pleasant; therefore, dialogue with deaf children entails more than the mere use of words, either vocally or with signs.
Comparing Motor Development of Deaf Children of Deaf Parents and Deaf Children of Hearing Parents
Authors: Lieberman Lauren J. , Volding Lori , Winnick Joseph P
Published: May 2005

Deaf children of Deaf parents perform better academically (Ritter-Brinton & Stewart, 1992), linguistically (Courtin, 2000; M. Harris, 2001; Vaccari & Marschark, 1997), and socially (Hadadian & Rose, 1991; M. Harris, 2001) than Deaf children of hearing parents. Twenty-nine Deaf children in residential schools were assessed to determine if a significant difference also exists in motor development between Deaf children with Deaf parents and Deaf children with hearing parents. In the locomotor area, 78.6% of Deaf children of Deaf parents and 73.3% of Deaf children of hearing parents reached or surpassed average performance levels. In regard to object control, 92.9% of Deaf children of Deaf parents and 93.3% of Deaf children of hearing parents reached or surpassed average performance levels. The study results show no significant difference between the motor development of Deaf children of Deaf parents and Deaf children of hearing parents.
Rural Gifted Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: How Electronic Technology Can Help
Authors: Belcastro Frank P
Published: May 2005

Electronic technology can be used to overcome many of the barriers and other factors that restrict delivery of services to rural schools; it can also expand the world of rural gifted students who are deaf or hard of hearing. Online college and high school Web sites that offer courses are listed, as well as a Web site for tutoring and one offering help for teachers of rural gifted students who are deaf or hard of hearing. Recommendations are made for ways that legislatures and rural school districts can make Internet resources and assistive technology more widely available in rural educational settings.
What Do We Know About Deaf Clients After Thirteen Years of Ambulatory Mental Health Care? An Analysis of the PsyDoN Database, 1987-1999
Authors: Bruin Ed de , Graaf Ronald P. de
Published: May 2005

Little is known about demographic, deafness-related, and diagnostic characteristics of deaf and partially hearing people with psychosocial or psychiatric problems. A study was conducted derived from data from intake assessment interviews of people with hearing loss treated at a Dutch ambulatory mental health center for the deaf between 1987 and 1999. Both sexes were equally represented. People who were postlingually deaf, hard of hearing, below age 22 years, or above age 65 years were less likely to ask for help than other groups in the study. Men presented more psychiatric disorders, and women more psychosocial problems, especially partially hearing women. The authors recommend stronger emphasis on mental health care for postlingually deaf people, severely hard of hearing people, adolescents, and retirement-age people. They also recommend development of skills for rational and emotional self-expression in the education and rearing of children with hearing loss.
Technologies of Servitude: Governmentality and Indonesian Transnational Labor Migration
Authors: Rudnyckyj Daromir
Published: May 2005

This paper examines the techniques and networks that enable the transnational movement of migrant laborers from Indonesia. Theoretically, the paper argues that governmentality is an effective concept through which to understand political economic relations across national borders and outside state institutions. The concept is useful not only in analysis of abstract policy prescriptions, but also in the apparently mundane methods that are intended to rationalize the training, delivery and security of migrant laborers. The intervention herein is in part methodological, in so far as the paper argues that the concept is useful in analyzing the everyday practices that are a frequent focus of ethnographic fieldwork. Empirically grounded in interviews and observational fieldwork in Indonesia, the paper describes the networks that facilitate transnational labor migration from the country and demonstrates the interconnection of the "global" economy with localized moral economies. Thus, the paper argues that transnational flows of migrant laborers are in fact dependent upon supposedly traditional patron-client networks. Furthermore, I suggest that some NGOs advocating for the rights of migrant workers are not inimical to state power, but in fact work to enhance it. Strategies to protect the rights of migrant laborers may bring about greater state intervention in their lives. The paper proposes two technologies deployed by non-state entities, specifically human resources companies and NGOs, that facilitate transnational labor migration. The first are termed technologies of servitude and are intended to impart the skills and attitudes necessary to conduct domestic labor. The latter are technologies for rationalizing labor flows to wealthier countries of the Indian and Pacific Ocean regions.
Women Work, Men Sponge, and Everyone Gossips: Macho Men and Stigmatized/ing Women in a Sex Tourist Town
Authors: Brennan Denise
Published: May 2005

This article focuses on gossip about Dominican womens sexual labor as an entry point into documenting shifting gender relations and ideologies in Sosúa, a sex tourist destination frequented primarily by German tourists. In Sosúas sexscape, new meanings of masculinity have emerged alongside womens earning capacity. While sex workers must temper their displays of monetary gains so as to not compromise their reputations as mothers sacrificing for their children, men openly enjoy freedom from gender ideologies that make demands on them to appear as hard working and sacrificing fathers. In this sexual economy, men even can flaunt their unemployment. Their laziness and/or dependency are recast as macho. Here is one industry where poor Dominican women have the opportunity to make significant earnings and to jump out of poverty, yet their labor strategies do not necessarily ensure a reconfiguration of gender roles and ideologies that works in their favor. Rather, migrant men in Sosúa enjoy such a reworking that lowers expectations for them, while women are caught in a set of increased expectations.
Diasporic Spaces in K. S. Maniam's The Sandpit: Womensis
Authors: Philip Susan
Published: May 2005

This essay looks at Malaysian playwright K. S. Maniam's English-language playThe Sandpit: Womensis, and discusses the playwright's portrayal of the individual's negotiations with the tensions inherent in Malaysia's multicultural society. Most Malaysians live in tension between the fluid cultural spaces of their lived reality and the rigid, narrowly defined cultural spaces allowed them by public policy. In this play, Maniam embodies the tension between these two cultural spaces through the characters of Santha (who lives within the prescribed cultural borders) and Sumathi (who feels the constraints of these borders and pushes against them). Finally, Maniam suggests that the only solution, tentative at best, is to find some new space where these apparently opposing views can come together.
Karagoz and Hacivat: Projections of Subversion and Conformance
Authors: Smith James
Published: May 2005

This article examines the related shadow puppet traditions of Turkey and Greece, karaguz and karagiozis respectively, relating them to Bakhtin's theories of carnivalistic performance. The author analyzes how these forms of shadow puppetry were used by various audience communities to negotiate and define cultural boundaries and senses of communal identity.
The Pendulum of Intercultural Performance: Kathakali King Lear at Shakespeare's Globe
Authors: Daugherty Diane
Published: May 2005

Kathakali King Lear, presented at London's Globe Theatre in 1999, is a case study in the possibilities and difficulties of intercultural theatre practice. This article uses Bharucha's and Pavis's theories on intercultural theatre to frame its analysis and shows how this production, by a multinational troupe collaborating over ten years, crafted a work that crosses Indian and European cultural borders. Text adaptation, character type assignment, casting, resistance by Indian critics, and refinement of earlier versions are detailed. The ultimate success came as this classical text of Western theatre fused with the physicalization of emotion by kathakali masters. The production illuminated both the Western text and kathakali technique in ways that allowed spectators and performers to experience Lear and kathakali anew, offering a positive model for further intercultural work.
Impersonation, Autobiography, and Cross-Cultural Adaptation: Lee Kuo-Hsiu's Shamlet
Authors: Huang Alexander C. Y. (Alexander Cheng-Yuan)
Published: May 2005

Lee Kuo-Hsiu's 1992 Shamlet is a "sham" Hamlet that possesses three palimpsestical levels of signification as it rearranges Shakespeare's play. The first level is the parody of the Shakespearean text, where scripted technical errors and confusion prevail when a fictional Taiwanese theater company rehearses and performs Hamlet. The second level is (auto)biographical: the stories of the characters of the company portraying Hamlet reflect the chaotic condition of theatre making and living in contemporary Taiwan, where the economics of the arts are vexed and the political future of the island is unclear. At a third level, where the parody of the Western classical text and the autobiographical rendition of contemporary East Asian reality confront each other in scripted improvisations, a new Asian modernity emerges in the articulate voice of Lee Kuo-Hsiu.
Shushin Kani'iri (Possessed by Love, Thwarted by the Bell): A Kumi Odori by Tamagusuku Chokun, as Staged by Kin Ryosho
Authors: Tamagusuku Chokun , Ochner Nobuko , Foley Kathy
Published: May 2005

Kumi odori is an aristocratic dance-drama developed in 1719 by Tamagusuku Chōkun as part of Okinawan court performance for the ritual investiture of the monarch. Shūshin Kani'iri (Possessed by Love, Thwarted by the Bell) was written for this court presentation and has remained one of the most frequently performed works. The all-male form, which combines music, dance, and narrative, has Okinawan, Chinese, and Japanese roots. Kumi odori's most important performances for 250 years were in the context of ukwanshin entertainments for the official envoys sent by the Chinese emperor. With the demise of court in 1879, the genre languished until it was designated as an important cultural asset by the Japanese government in 1972. This article gives an introduction to kumi odori based on the practice of Kin Ryōshō, an important twentieth-century practitioner of the form. A translation of the 1719 classic Shūshin Kani'iri (Possessed by Love, Thwarted by the Bell) with stage directions reflecting Kin Sensei's choreography gives an example of this important art. Shūshin Kani'iri has been a consistent part of the repertoire and was recently presented at the opening of the new National Kumi Odori Theatre (Kokuritsu Kumi Odori Gekijō) in Urasoe-shi near Naha in 2004.
Memory, Authority, and Identity: Holocaust Studies in Light of the Wilkomirski Debate
Authors: Gross Andrew S , Hoffman Michael J.
Published: May 2005

Holocaust scholars often privilege survivor testimony by contrasting it with the more detached way history is traditionally studied. By communicating affect rather than fact through its gaps and inconsistencies, testimony's emotional intensity guarantees its authority. The scandal surrounding Binjamin Wilkomirski's Fragments, the false testimony of a troubled man, challenges trauma theory's tendency to identify with victims by showing that the author's trauma can be authentic even when his testimony is not. It is clear that Wilkomirski validated his personal suffering by attributing it to a broad human catastrophe. That such mistaken memory, or memory envy, could be so widely acclaimed challenges the ways we study and use the Holocaust within both American and American-Jewish culture.
National Icons and Personal Identities in Three Israeli Autobiographies
Authors: Keren Michael
Published: May 2005

This analysis of autobiographies by three Israeli military and political leaders--Yigal Allon, Moshe Dayan, and Yitzhak Rabin--explores how the three men's status as national icons affected their life writing, and how the different ways in which they negotiated a compromise between the iconicity attributed to them in their youth and their identities as mature human beings affected some of their political attitudes, especially toward Arab-Israeli coexistence.
German Rediscovery of Life Writing: Introduction to Essays on German-Speaking Women as Rulers, Consorts, and Royal Mistresses in the Long Eighteenth Century
Authors: Dawson Ruth P. , Maierhofer Waltraud
Published: May 2005

This introduction to the analysis of the construction of aristocratic life writing
by and about German women during the long eighteenth century explores
the ongoing reevaluation of autobiography and biography by historians,
Germanists, and other scholars in the humanities and social scientists.
Landgrafin Karoline of Hessen-Darmstadt: Epistolary Politics and the Problems of Consort Biography
Authors: Heipcke Corinna
Published: May 2005

Karoline of Hessen-Darmstadt exemplifies the problems in writing the biography
of a royal or high aristocratic consort in eighteenth-century Germany.
Such a biography can only succeed if it deploys feminist historiography; takes
seriously the correspondence of the consort as a historiographical source,
and also takes seriously marriage politics as an important aspect of foreign
politics.
Posthumous Fame and Writing of the Self by the "Great" Landgrafin Karoline of Hessen-Darmstadt
Authors: Meise Helga
Published: May 2005

This article deals with the contradictions imposed on Landgr�fin Karoline of
Hessen-Darmstadt, as the "Great Landgr�fin" was torn between two completely
different aims: to save her dynasty by means of her marriage politics;
or to proceed in self-enlightenment by writing and reading, especially the
philosophers of her time.
"Happy, Happy, Ever After": The Transformation of Trauma between the Generations in Art Spiegelman's Maus: A Survivor's Tale
Authors: Elmwood Victoria A
Published: May 2005

This essay considers Maus as a work that spans the genres of autobiography and collaborative biography, as Art Spiegelman negotiates the difficulties of heteropathic identification—most successfully with his father Vladek, and more problematically with his mother Anja and brother Richieu. In analyzing the ways that Spiegelman struggles to narrate an identity within a family for whose founding trauma he was absent, the essay also investigates the ways that he seeks to intervene in public debates on visual art of the Holocaust.
'A New History for the New Millennium': Canada: A People's History
Authors: Dick Lyle
Published: May 2005

In 2000-1, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation produced the two-volume book Canada: A People's History to accompany the television series of the same name. Although sharing certain affinities with the TV series, the book possessed a distinctive narrative structure that warrants analysis in its own right. In content, its text and images followed in the tradition of nation-building narratives of anglophone Canada, emphasizing the history of European peoples in northern North America from early exploration to the year 1990. In form, the book presented the past as a linear narrative, focusing on the role of major personalities and recurrent confrontations in Canadian history. In figurative terms, the narrative structure drew on biblical models, including treatments of the country's Creation, a Fall, struggles of a chosen people to reach a promised land, battles with demonic adversaries, parables offering instruction to readers, prophecies of a Messiah and his incarnation, restoration, and the country's redemption. In this latest application of typological explanation in Canadian historiography, the traditional nation-state was presented as both the realization of the country's original promise and the means of its future fulfillment. By these means, the book offered history as a path to national salvation. En 2000-2001, la Soci�t� Radio-Canada a produit Le Canada: une histoire populaire, l'ouvrage en deux tomes qui accompagnait sa s�rie d'�missions t�l�vis�es du m�me nom. Mais si le livre a eu certaines affinit�s avec la s�rie t�l�vis�e, il n'en poss�dait pas moins sa propre structure narrative, qui m�rite une analyse distincte. En ce qui concerne le contenu litt�ral, texte et images se conformaient � la tradition des discours du Canada anglophone sur l'�dification du pays, soulignant l'histoire des peuples europ�ens dans l'Am�rique du Nord septentrionale depuis les d�buts de l'exploration jusqu'en 1990. Quant � sa forme, le livre pr�sentait le pass� comme un r�cit lin�aire, se concentrant sur le r�le des grands personnages et sur les affrontements r�p�t�s dans l'histoire du Canada. Au sens figur�, la structure narrative s'inspirait des mod�les bibliques, y compris les th�mes de la gen�se du pays, de la chute, de la lutte d'un peuple �lu pour atteindre une terre promise, des batailles avec des adversaires d�moniaques, des paraboles offrant un enseignement th�orique aux lecteurs, des proph�ties d'un messie ainsi que son incarnation, de la restauration, et de la r�demption du pays. Dans cette derni�re application de l'explication typologique dans l'historiographie canadienne, l'�tat-nation traditionnel �tait pr�sent� � la fois comme la concr�tisation de la promesse originelle du pays, et comme le potentiel de sa r�alisation future. De cette fa�on, le livre pr�sentait l'histoire comme une voie menant au salut de la nation.