bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Totalité et symptôme ou comment lire « la société »
Authors: Christ Julia
Published: January 2020

L’article traite des discussions contemporaines autour du concept de totalité là où il est employé pour saisir la réalité sociale. À travers une reconstruction des positions de Durkheim et d’Althusser il s’intéresse aux différentes méthodes développées par ces théories pour justifier leur approche holiste du social. Il s’avère que le marxisme révolutionnaire et la sociologie non révolutionnaire se rencontrent en un point : les deux lisent des textes des sciences sociales pour accéder à ce qui produit la société sous forme de tout. Notre article établit le statut de ces textes pour les deux approches et compare leurs méthodes de lecture, afin de dégager ce que, selon les deux, produit le lien social.
Des fonctions du double chez Rank et Freud à la romance amoureuse à l’adolescence
Authors: Chevalier Julie , Bonnet Christian , Gimenez Guy
Published: January 2020

Notre article propose une nouvelle définition théorico-clinique du double en psychanalyse, dans ses liens aux processus adolescents. Pour cela, nous articulons d’abord les travaux de Rank (1909, 1932), sur le double et le héros, aux travaux de Freud (1909, 1913), sur le roman familial des névrosés et le mythe de totem et tabou, dans leurs articulations aux enjeux fraternels. Nous analysons ensuite le cas clinique d’une jeune femme de 16 ans, reçue pour un accompagnement thérapeutique, afin de montrer que le double constitue une figure du transfert, permettant à la patiente une actualisation de ses désirs fraternels, ainsi qu’une construction de sa romance amoureuse. Donc, le « double sororal et fraternel », que nous définissons, métamorphose le lien amoureux à l’adolescence.
Travailler à l’hôpital durant la grossesse : une étude descriptive nationale rétrospective en France
Authors: Henrotin Jean-Bernard , Béringuier Hélène , Groupe de travail de l’étude GaT-Ho
Published: January 2020

Objectif : L’objectif de l’article est de décrire le déroulement des grossesses au travail (parcours, absentéisme, prévention) et les expositions professionnelles potentiellement à risque pour l’évolution d’une grossesse. Méthode : Une étude épidémiologique descriptive transversale a été menée du 1 er  avril 2017 au 31 octobre 2017 dans les services de santé au travail des hôpitaux français. Les salariées reçues après leur accouchement par le médecin du travail (MT) dans le cadre des visites de reprise de travail réglementairement définies répondaient à un autoquestionnaire ciblé sur le recueil d’informations sociodémographiques. L’exposition aux dangers pour la grossesse, rencontrés en milieu professionnel, était évaluée par le MT. Le poids de naissance de l’enfant, l’âge gestationnel, la santé de l’enfant et les absences au travail étaient recueillies auprès de la salariée ou obtenues à partir des informations présentes dans le dossier médical du travail. Résultats : Les MT ont recruté 1 165 salariées enceintes. Parmi celles-ci, 51,8 % étaient exposées à plus de cinq risques professionnels. Les risques biologiques et physiques étaient les risques les plus fréquents au poste de travail. Notons que 9,5 % des salariées étaient amenées à porter des charges ≥ 15 kg. Elles ont été seulement 20,1 % à avoir abordé spécifiquement la question du travail dans le déroulement de la grossesse ; 26,8 % ont bénéficié d’un aménagement de poste. Concernant les arrêts de travail, 86,7 % des salariées auront bénéficié d’« au moins un arrêt de travail » avant la prise de congés pour une grossesse pathologique ou de congés légaux. Conclusion : Nos données suggèrent que les salariées enceintes en milieu hospitalier se doivent d’être rigoureusement surveillées.
Minorités sexuelles et rapport au corps : une recherche quantitative
Authors: Alessandrin Arnaud , Toulze Marielle
Published: January 2020

Introduction : Si les questions liées à la santé sexuelle et reproductive des gays et des lesbiennes sont bien renseignées, d’autres, relatives à la santé globale et au rapport au corps, sont moins souvent abordées. But de l’étude  : Issu de la recherche « Santé LGBTI », cet article tente de combler ce manque avec pour objectif de restituer les résultats d’une enquête quantitative réalisée en France en 2017, en se focalisant plus précisément sur les personnes gays et lesbiennes. Aussi, les résultats de cette recherche sont mis en regard avec la littérature disponible sur cette question. Résultats  : Par la mesure d’indices comme le recours aux régimes, le souci du poids ou la pratique sportive, nous tendons à montrer que les personnes homosexuelles n’ont pas le même rapport au corps que les personnes hétérosexuelles et qu’entre les lesbiennes et les gays, des différences apparaissent. Conclusions : Si les résultats de cette étude sont concomitants avec les données internationales en la matière, ils dessinent aussi des angles morts en termes de rapport au corps des sous-cultures homosexuelles.
Partenariat entre une ONG locale et une ONG internationale à Djibouti
Authors: Sentilhes-Monkam Angélique , Acina Emma , Chaker Katrin , Hamad Malika Moussa
Published: January 2020

Introduction : L’article relate et analyse une expérience de partenariat entre une association locale et une organisation internationale, toutes deux implantées à Djibouti. But de l’étude  : La méthode utilisée est une observation analytique de l’action mise en place dès le début de cette collaboration, par l’Association elle-même, portant sur l’ensemble du processus de partenariat. L’objectif de l’Association est double : être objet d’étude dans un partenariat et mettre en œuvre un projet. Résultats  : Les résultats sont donnés sous deux angles. Un récit factuel du processus de partenariat est proposé, qui sert d’exemple en illustrant certaines pratiques, puis une analyse en est proposée. Conclusions  : Les auteurs concluent que l’asymétrie structurelle, fonctionnelle et éthique au sein d’un partenariat de ce type crée un rapport de forces rendant difficile la réalisation du projet et plaide au contraire pour une localisation de l’aide par les bailleurs de fonds auprès d’organisations locales spécialisées dans le développement.
Effects of low-pressure storage of food commodities on the mortality of adult stored product insects
Authors: Prasantha B. D. Rohitha
Published: January 2020

The food industry faces serious problems regarding pest infestation leading to high storage loss of food commodities. Due to adverse impacts of chemical preservation methods, a promising physical method of food protection could be considered as an urgent need. This study investigated the effect of low-pressure (vacuum) on the mortality of adults of three stored product pests of drug store beetle (Stegobium paniceum L.), southern cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) and red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst). The pests were exposed to 20 kPa and 10 kPa vacuum at 37 ºC and 75% relative humidity. Mortality of the insects was recorded at 8 h and 32 h after vacuum treatments. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the susceptibility to the vacuum treatment among the tested pests. Adults of C. chinensis showed comparatively less susceptibility to the vacuum treatment compared to S. paniceum and T. castaneum. Mortality of insects exposed to two low-pressure treatments did not show 100% mortality at the two exposure periods, irrespective of the type of food materials and species. The mean percentage mortality increased by about 66.0±5.7% when vacuum pressure increases from 20 kPa to 10 kP irrespective of the species, exposure time and the products. The oxygen concentration decreased to >70% inside the vacuum chamber during treatments.
Biochemical analysis of some fruit peels and comparison of Lactic acid production by authochthonous Lactic acid bacteria using fruit peels
Authors: Arekemase M. O. , Adetitun D. O. , Ahmed M. I.
Published: January 2020

Waste to wealth is a common trend in the world today. This work reports the utilization of waste fruit peels for production of lactic acid using authochthonouslactic acid bacteria. Peels of mango, orange and banana were prepared in powdered form, pretreated with HCl and added as carbon source for lactic acid production. The proximate analyses of the substrates were done. The organisms used for fermentation were isolated from spoilt banana and identified using biochemical and molecular tools. These organisms were grown using different growth factors over a period of eight days with initial pH of 6.0. Growth factors were then varied in order to optimize the yield of lactic acid. Percentage production of lactic acid was determined every 24 hours. The optimized conditions were then combined for further comparison. Isolated Lactobacillus plantarumand Lactobacillus caseiwere used for the production of lactic acid. The carbohydrate content of mango, banana and orange peels (62.48%, 55.34% and 57.06% respectively) showed that it was sufficient for use as a carbon source. The highest yield of lactic acid (27.10%) was at pH 6.0 with 2g of substrate and 1 ml inoculum at day six by Lactobacillus caseiwhile the highest yield by Lactobacillus plantarum (23.85%) was at pH 6.0, with 4g of substrate and 2 ml inoculum at day six. The highest production of lactic acid was derived when mango peels were used. The results of this study showed that lactic acid can be produced using mango, orange and banana peels.
Clinicopathologic features of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas of bone & soft tissues
Authors: Rekhi Bharat , Kembhavi Priyanka , Mishra Surya Narayan , Shetty Omshree , Bajpai Jyoti , Puri Ajay
Published: January 2020

Background & objectives:

Certain genetically defined undifferentiated round cell sarcomas, namely BCOR-CCNB3 and CIC-DUX4 positive, have been described. Here we present detailed clinicopathologic features and molecular results in such cases.

Methods:

Fifty one cases of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas, including 32 cases, tested for BCOR-CCNB3 and CIC-DUX4 fusions, by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique and 44 tumours, for CCNB3 immunostaining, were analyzed.

Results:

Twenty seven (52.9%) tumours occurred in males and 24 (47%) in females; in soft tissues (38; 74.5%), commonly, trunk and extremities and bones (13; 25.4%), frequently, femur and tibia. Five of 32 (15.6%) tested cases were positive for BCOR-CCNB3 fusion and seven (21.8%) for CIC-DUX4 fusions. Histopathologically, CIC-DUX4-positive sarcomas comprised nodular aggregates of round to polygonal cells, containing hyperchromatic nuclei, prominent nucleoli and moderate cytoplasm, with focal myxoid stroma and variable necrosis, in certain cases. BCOR-CCNB3-positive sarcomas mostly comprised diffusely arranged, round to oval to short spindly cells with angulated nuclei, vesicular chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli and interspersed vessels. Immunohistochemically, tumour cells were positive for MIC2 in 24 of 49 (48.9%) and CCNB3 in 12 of 44 (27.2%) cases. Four of five BCOR-CCNB3-positive sarcomas showed CCNB3 immunostaining and 6 of 7 CIC-DUX4-positive sarcomas displayed WT1 immunostaining. Most patients (27/37) (72.9%) underwent surgical resection and chemotherapy. Median overall survival was 12 months, and disease-free survival was seven months.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Undifferentiated round cell sarcomas are rare; mostly occur in soft tissues of extremities, with CIC-DUX4 positive, as these are relatively more frequent than BCOR-CCNB3 positive sarcomas. CCNB3 and WT1 are useful immunostains for triaging such cases for BCOR-CCNB3 and CIC-DUX4 fusion testing, respectively. Overall, these are relatively aggressive tumours, especially CIC-DUX4-positive sarcomas.
Об операторе преобразования для уравнения Шредингера с дополнительным линейным потенциалом
Authors: Khanmamedov Agil Khanmamed ogly , Makhmudova Malika G
Published: January 2020

В работе рассмотрено уравнение Шрeдингера с дополнительным линейным потенциалом на всей оси. Построен оператор преобразования с условием на бесконечности . Получено интегральное уравнение Гельфанда-Левитана на левой полуоси.
Построение захваченной волны на низких частотах в упругом волноводе
Authors: Nazarov Sergei Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2020

Для любого малого $\varepsilon>0$ построен упругий двумерный волновод, у которого $\lambda^\varepsilon=\varepsilon^4$ -
единственное собственное число, расположенное в непосредственной близости от нижней грани $\lambda_{\dagger}=0$ непрерывного спектра. Результат неожидан тем, что акустический волновод (задача Неймана для оператора Лапласа) с любым достаточно малым локализованным
возмущением не может произвести захват волн на низких частотах.
Теорема единственности для двумерной сигма-функции
Authors: Domrin Andrei Victorovich
Published: January 2020

Показано, что сигма-функции Вейерштрасса ($g=1$) и Клейна ($g=2$) являются единственными (с точностью до умножения на комплексную константу) решениями соответствующих систем $2g$ линейных дифференциальных уравнений теплопроводности в неголономном репере на функцию от $3g$ переменных, голоморфными хотя бы в одной точке, где все модулярные переменные равны нулю. Показано также, что все локальные голоморфные решения указанных систем допускают аналитическое продолжение до целых функций от угловых переменных, а в случае $g=1$ дано полное описание оболочек голоморфности таких решений.
Об усреднении локально периодических эллиптических и параболических операторов
Authors: Senik Nikita N
Published: January 2020

Пусть $\Omega$ - ограниченная область в $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ с границей класса $C^{1,s}$ ($s>1/2$), и пусть $\mathcal A^\varepsilon=-\operatorname{div}A(x,x/\varepsilon)\nabla$ - матричный эллиптический оператор в $\Omega$ с граничным условием
Дирихле. Мы предполагаем, что $\varepsilon$ мало, а функция $A$ липшицева по первому аргументу и периодическая по второму, так что коэффициенты оператора $\mathcal A^\varepsilon$ оказываются локально периодическими. Нас интересует погрешность приближений при $\varepsilon\to0$ для $(\mathcal A^\varepsilon-\mu\rho^\varepsilon)^{-1}$ и $\nabla(\mathcal A^\varepsilon-\mu\rho^\varepsilon)^{-1}$ в операторной топологии на $L_2$, когда $\mu$ находится в резольвентном множестве. Здесь $\rho^\varepsilon(x)=\rho(x,x/\varepsilon)$ - положительно определенная локально периодическая функция, причем $\rho$
удовлетворяет тем же условиям, что и $A$. Отследив зависимость погрешностей от параметров $\varepsilon$ и $\mu$, мы затем переходим к аналогичным вопросам, связанным с начально-краевой задачей для параболического уравнения $\rho^\varepsilon \partial_t v_\varepsilon=-\mathcal A^\varepsilon v_\varepsilon$.
Операторные оценки погрешности при усреднении гиперболических уравнений
Authors: Dorodnyi Mark Aleksandrovich , Suslina Tatiana Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2020

В $L_2(\mathbb{R}^d;\mathbb{C}^n)$ рассматривается самосопряженный сильно эллиптический дифференциальный оператор $A_\varepsilon$ второго порядка. Предполагается, что коэффициенты оператора $A_\varepsilon$ периодичны и зависят от ${\mathbf x}/\varepsilon$, где $\varepsilon>0$ - малый параметр. Получены аппроксимации операторов $\cos(A_\varepsilon^{1/2}\tau)$ и $A_\varepsilon^{-1/2}\sin(A_\varepsilon^{1/2}\tau)$ по норме операторов, действующих из пространства Соболева $H^s(\mathbb{R}^d;\mathbb{C}^n)$ в $L_2(\mathbb{R}^d;\mathbb{C}^n)$ (при подходящем $s$). Для оператора $A_\varepsilon^{-1/2}\sin (A_\varepsilon^{1/2}\tau)$ получена также аппроксимация при учете корректора по $(H^s\to H^1)$-норме. Исследован вопрос о точности результатов относительно типа операторной нормы и относительно зависимости оценок от $\tau$.
Результаты применяются к исследованию поведения решений задачи Коши для гиперболического уравнения
$\partial_\tau^2\mathbf{u}_\varepsilon=-A_\varepsilon{\mathbf u}_\varepsilon$.
The Impact of Fiscal Decentralisation on Local Economic Development in Serbia
Authors: Kmezic Sanja , Bartlett Will , Đulić Katarina
Published: January 2020

Serbia is a transition country that has experienced strong negative spillover effects from the global financial crisis and the subsequent eurozone debt crisis. At the same time it is a candidate for accession to the European Union. Success in local economic development is likely to affect prospects for economic recovery and a successful EU integration process and the paper analyses the contribution of fiscal decentralisation to successful local economic development. The analysis is based upon a cross-section time-series regression model that reveals a positive impact of local public expenditure on economic development. Expenditure on education has a particularly strong effect on local economic development, as does investment per capita from both public and private sources. The conclusion of the paper is that local economic development has been enhanced by the fiscal decentralisation that has taken place in Serbia.
The Effective Spirits’ Taxation Policy across Regions in Montenegro
Authors: Radojevic Gordana , Čizmović Mirjana , Mugoša Ana , Laković Tanja
Published: January 2020

This study aims to test the impact of taxation policy on households’ spirits consumption on a regional level. To asses regional differences in spirits use and prevalence changes, due to price and income increase, we applied Two-part methodology on Household Budget Survey data. Using estimates of prevalence and conditional elasticity, we were capable of simulating the effects of price changes on consumption and public revenues. The results confirmed the positive impact of effective taxation policy – consumption decreases, and public revenues increase with evident regional differences. The paper contributes to the research of the consumption sensitivity to price and income changes, which was, until now, not empirically tested in Montenegro.
Local Government Borrowing Capacity: Legislative versus Market Approach in Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia
Authors: Rant Vasja , Čok Mitja , Rožman Gregor , Verbič Miroslav
Published: January 2020

In this article, we develop a new conceptual model for estimating local government borrowing capacity that combines a legislative and market approach. The model has wider applicability and is relevant for several stakeholders: for the local governments to determine their development financing potential, for the central government to balance local development needs with macroeconomic stability objectives, and for financial institutions and project, developers to tailor their products to the local financing and investment opportunities. We apply the model on selected local government units in Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia and test the hypothesis that their relative (per capita) borrowing capacities differ. We find that the legislative borrowing capacity is more restrictive in Slovenia, while market limitations cap the borrowing capacity in Croatia and Serbia. Overall, Slovenian local government units have the highest relative (per capita) market borrowing capacity, followed by local government units in Croatia and Serbia. We also find evidence that market sentiment may be prohibitive for the borrowing of some units. Our results additionally indicate substantial unused local borrowing capacities in the analysed local government units.
Influence of Municipalities on LAG's Effectiveness in Attracting Project Subsidies in Croatia
Authors: Mrnjavac Željko , Perić Ivana
Published: January 2020

Local Action Groups LAGs are tri-sectoral bodies in which the economic and civil sectors in partnership with the public sector use EU policy funds for rural development. In such a decentralized approach to community led local development there is a risk of excessive municipal interference and principles of bottom-up development can be compromised. The basic assumption by which the leading public sector is trying to justify itself as having a better administrative capacity that can help LAGs to attract and absorb subsidies is statistically tested in this paper. Example of Croatia has shown that “municipalisation” of local partnerships have no justifications, as increasing the share of public partners in the membership structure reduces LAG effectiveness in attracting project subsidies, and in the same time municipalities that prove stronger absorptive capacity through larger share of EU funds in their budget, show no positive influence transferred to LAGs in which they are members.
Corporate Global Responsibility and Reputation Risk Management
Authors: Cassano Raffaella
Published: January 2020

The increasing attention placed by corporations on sustainable development due to the growing importance attributed to this issue by institutions at an international level, leads to a reconsideration of the concept of the global responsibility of companies as a pre-requisite for effective multi-stakeholder relationships. All levels of responsibility are taken into consideration within this broad spectrum: legal, social, economic and environmental, leading to a more integrated approach to management of reputation risk.  This study is a theoretical reflection on the relationship between the interests of stakeholders, the extent of corporate responsibility and management of reputation risk.
Estilo de aprendizaje visual en la Ingeniería. Utilidad en la docencia de la rama eléctrica
Authors: Vicéns Moltó J.L. , Zamora Parra Blas , Hervás R.M.
Published: January 2020

La contracción/compresión experimentada por los programas de la enseñanza de la Ingeniería, desde los cinco/seis cursos clásicos a los cuatro del Grado actual, propicia un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que sobrevuela muchos contenidos sin poder detenerse en ellos. Los alumnos contactan con los conceptos teóricos y los algoritmos correspondientes, e identifican las actuaciones matemáticas pertinentes, pero la penuria crediticia priva de las habilidades instrumentales para aplicarlas. El resultado puede ser un aprendizaje parcial y superficial. Este trabajo propone una actuación docente para que el alumno adquiera habilidades en MATLAB como respuesta a necesidades concretas detectadas en el alumnado de materias vinculadas con Ingeniería Eléctrica. Se parte de dos consideraciones iniciales: la constatación del predominio del estilo de aprendizaje visual de los alumnos de la UPCT por un lado, y por el otro, de la filosofía de que las matemáticas, para ser productivas en la Enseñanza de la Ingeniería, necesitan del ordenador.
Retrieval of the vertical evolution of the cloud effective radius from the Chinese FY-4 (Feng Yun 4) next-generation geostationary satellites
Authors: Chen Yilun , Chen Guangcan , Cui Chunguang , Zhang Aoqi , Wan Rong , Zhou Shengnan , Wang Dongyong , Fu Yunfei
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The vertical evolution of the cloud effective radius
(Re) reflects the precipitation-forming process. Based on observations
from the first Chinese next-generation geostationary meteorological
satellites (FY-4A, Feng Yun 4), we established a new method for objectively obtaining
the vertical temperature vs. Re profile. First of all, Re was
calculated using a bispectral lookup table. Then, cloud clusters were
objectively identified using the maximum temperature gradient method.
Finally, the Re profile in a certain cloud was then obtained by
combining these two sets of data. Compared with the conventional method used
to obtain the Re profile from the subjective division of a region,
objective cloud-cluster identification establishes a unified standard,
increases the credibility of the Re profile, and facilitates the
comparison of different Re profiles. To investigate its performance, we
selected a heavy precipitation event from the Integrative Monsoon Frontal
Rainfall Experiment in summer 2018. The results showed that the method
successfully identified and tracked the cloud cluster. The Re profile
showed completely different morphologies in different life stages of the
cloud cluster, which is important in the characterization of the formation
of precipitation and the temporal evolution of microphysical processes.
Accelerated increases in global and Asian summer monsoon precipitation from future aerosol reductions
Authors: Wilcox Laura J. , Liu Zhen , Samset Bjørn H. , Hawkins Ed , Lund Marianne T. , Nordling Kalle , Undorf Sabine , Bollasina Massimo , Ekman Annica M. L. , Krishnan Srinath , Merikanto Joonas , Turner Andrew G.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. There is large uncertainty in future aerosol emissions scenarios explored in the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), with plausible pathways spanning a range of possibilities from large global reductions in emissions to 2050 to moderate global increases over the same period. Diversity in emissions across the pathways is particularly large over Asia. Rapid anthropogenic aerosol and precursor emission reductions between the present day and the 2050s lead to enhanced increases in global and Asian summer monsoon precipitation relative to scenarios with weak air quality policies. However, the effects of aerosol reductions don't persist in precipitation to the end of the 21st century, when response to greenhouse gases dominates differences across the SSPs. The relative magnitude and spatial distribution of aerosol changes is particularly important for South Asian summer monsoon precipitation changes. Precipitation increases here are initially suppressed in SSPs 2–4.5 and 5–8.5 relative to SSP 1–1.9 and 3–7.0 when the impact of East Asian emission decreases is counteracted by that due to continued increases in South Asian emissions.
kCARTA: a fast pseudo line-by-line radiative transfer algorithm with analytic Jacobians, fluxes, nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium, and scattering for the infrared
Authors: DeSouza-Machado Sergio , Strow L. Larrabee , Motteler Howard , Hannon Scott
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A fast pseudo-monochromatic radiative transfer package using a
singular value decomposition (SVD) compressed atmospheric
optical depth database has been developed, primarily for simulating
radiances from hyperspectral sounding instruments (resolution ≥0.1 cm−1). The package has been tested extensively for clear-sky
radiative transfer cases, using field campaign data and satellite
instrument data. The current database uses HITRAN 2016 line
parameters and is primed for use in the spectral region spanning 605 to 2830 cm−1. Optical depths for other spectral regions (15–605 and 2830–45 000 cm−1) can also be generated for use by kCARTA. The
clear-sky radiative transfer model computes the background thermal
radiation quickly and accurately using a layer-varying diffusivity
angle at each spectral point; it takes less than 30 s (on a
2.8 GHz core using four threads) to complete a radiance calculation
spanning the infrared. The code can also compute non-local
thermodynamic equilibrium effects for the 4 µm CO2 region, as well
as analytic temperature, gas and surface Jacobians. The package also
includes flux and heating rate calculations and an interface to an
infrared scattering model.
Estimates of mean residence times of phosphorus in commonly considered inorganic soil phosphorus pools
Authors: Helfenstein Julian , Pistocchi Chiara , Oberson Astrid , Tamburini Federica , Goll Daniel S. , Frossard Emmanuel
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Quantification of turnover of inorganic soil phosphorus (P) pools
is essential to improve our understanding of P cycling in soil–plant systems
and improve representations of the P cycle in land surface models. Turnover
can be quantified using mean residence time (MRT); however, to date there is
little information on MRT of P in soil P pools. We introduce an approach to
quantify MRT of P in sequentially extracted inorganic soil P pools using
data from isotope exchange kinetic experiments. Our analyses of 53 soil
samples from the literature showed that MRT of labile P (resin- and
bicarbonate-extractable P) was on the order of minutes to hours for most
soils, MRT in NaOH-extractable P (NaOH-P) was in the range of days to months, and MRT
in HCl-extractable P (HCl-P) was on the order of years to millennia. Multiple-regression models were able to capture 54 %–63 % of the variability in
MRT among samples and showed that land use was the most important predictor
of MRT of P in labile and NaOH pools. MRT of P in HCl-P was strongly
dependent on pH, as high-pH soils tended to have longer MRTs. This was
interpreted to be related to the composition of HCl-P. Under high pH, HCl-P
contains mostly apatite, with a low solubility, whereas under low-pH
conditions, HCl-P may contain more exchangeable P forms. These results
suggest that current land surface models underestimate the dynamics of
inorganic soil P pools and could be improved by reducing model MRTs of the
labile and NaOH-P pools, considering soil-type-dependent MRTs rather than
universal exchange rates and allowing for two-way exchange between HCl-P
and the soil solution.
Zooplankton diel vertical migration and downward C flux into the oxygen minimum zone in the highly productive upwelling region off northern Chile
Authors: Tutasi Pritha , Escribano Ruben
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Diel vertical migration (DVM) can enhance the vertical
flux of carbon (C), and so contributes to the functioning of the biological
pump in the ocean. The magnitude and efficiency of this active transport of
C may depend on the size and taxonomic structure of the migrant zooplankton.
However, the impact that a variable community structure can have on
zooplankton-mediated downward C flux has not been properly addressed. This
taxonomic effect may become critically important in highly productive
eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUSs), where high levels of zooplankton
biomass are found in the coastal zone and are composed by a diverse community
with variable DVM behavior. In these systems, presence of a subsurface
oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) can impose an additional constraint to vertical
migration and so influence the downward C export. Here, we address these
issues based on a vertically stratified zooplankton sampling at three
stations off northern Chile (20–30∘ S) during
November–December 2015. Automated analysis of zooplankton composition and
taxa-structured biomass allowed us to estimate daily migrant biomass by taxa
and their amplitude of migration. We found that a higher biomass aggregates
above the oxycline, associated with more oxygenated surface waters and this
was more evident upon a more intense OMZ. Some taxonomic groups, however,
were found closely associated with the OMZ. Most taxa were able to perform
DVM in the upwelling zone withstanding severe hypoxia. Also, strong
migrants, such as eucalanid copepods and euphausiids, can exhibit a large
migration amplitude (∼500 m), remaining either temporarily or
permanently within the core of the OMZ and thus contributing to the release
of C below the thermocline. Our estimates of DVM-mediated C flux suggested
that a mean migrant biomass of ca. 958 mg C m−2 d−1 may contribute
with about 71.3 mg C m−2 d−1 to the OMZ system through respiration,
mortality and C excretion at depth, accounting for ca. 4 % of the net
primary production, and so implies the existence of an efficient mechanism
to incorporate freshly produced C into the OMZ. This downward C flux
mediated by zooplankton is however spatially variable and mostly dependent
on the taxonomic structure due to variable migration amplitude and DVM
behavior.
A global end-member approach to derive aCDOM(440) from near-surface optical measurements
Authors: Hooker Stanford B. , Matsuoka Atsushi , Kudela Raphael M. , Yamashita Youhei , Suzuki Koji , Houskeeper Henry F.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. This study establishes an optical inversion scheme for deriving the absorption coefficient of colored (or chromophoric, depending on the literature) dissolved organic material (CDOM) at the 440 nm wavelength, which can be applied to global water masses with near-equal efficacy. The approach uses a ratio of diffuse attenuation coefficient spectral end-members, i.e., a short- and long-wavelength pair. The global perspective is established by sampling “extremely” clear water plus a generalized extent in turbidity and optical properties that each span 3 decades of dynamic range. A unique data set was collected in oceanic, coastal, and inland waters (as shallow as 0.6 m) from the North Pacific Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, Hawaii, Japan, Puerto Rico, and the western coast of the United States. The data were partitioned using subjective categorizations to define a validation quality subset of conservative water masses (i.e., the inflow and outflow of properties constrain the range in the gradient of a constituent) plus 15 subcategories of more complex water masses that were not necessarily evolving conservatively. The dependence on optical complexity was confirmed with an objective methodology based on a cluster analysis technique. The latter defined five distinct classes with validation quality data present in all classes, but which also decreased in percent composition as a function of increasing class number and optical complexity. Four algorithms based on different validation quality end-members were validated with accuracies of 1.2 %–6.2 %, wherein pairs with the largest spectral span were most accurate. Although algorithm accuracy decreased with the inclusion of more subcategories containing nonconservative water masses, changes to the algorithm fit were small when a preponderance of subcategories were included. The high accuracy for all end-member algorithms was the result of data acquisition and data processing improvements, e.g., increased vertical sampling resolution to less than 1 mm (with pressure transducer precision of 0.03–0.08 mm) and a boundary constraint to mitigate wave-focusing effects, respectively. An independent evaluation with a historical database confirmed the consistency of the algorithmic approach and its application to quality assurance, e.g., to flag data outside expected ranges, identify suspect spectra, and objectively determine the in-water extrapolation interval by converging agreement for all applicable end-member algorithms. The legacy data exhibit degraded performance (as 44 % uncertainty) due to a lack of high-quality near-surface observations, especially for clear waters wherein wave-focusing effects are problematic. The novel optical approach allows the in situ estimation of an in-water constituent in keeping with the accuracy obtained in the laboratory.
Constraining the response of phytoplankton to zooplankton grazing
and photo-acclimation in a temperate shelf sea with a 1-D model -
towards S2P3 v8.0
Authors: Bahamondes Dominguez Angela A. , Hickman Anna E. , Marsh Robert , Moore C. Mark
Published: January 2020

Abstract. An established 1-dimensional model of Shelf Sea Physics and Primary Production (S2P3) has been developed into three different new models: S2P3-NPZ which includes a Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton (NPZ) framework, where the grazing rate is no longer fixed, but instead varies over time depending on different functions chosen to represent the predator- prey relationship between zooplankton and phytoplankton; S2P3-Photoacclim which includes a representation of the process of photo-acclimation and flexible stoichiometry in phytoplankton; and S2P3 v8.0 which combines the NPZ framework and the variable stoichiometry of phytoplankton at the same time. These model formulations are compared to buoy and CTD observations, as well as zooplankton biomass and in situ phytoplankton physiological parameters obtained in the Central Celtic Sea (CCS). Models were calibrated by comparison to observations of the timing and magnitude of the spring phytoplankton bloom, magnitude of the spring zooplankton bloom, and phytoplankton physiological parameters obtained throughout the water column. A sensitivity study was also performed for each model to understand the effects of individual parameters on model dynamics. Results demonstrate that better agreement with biological observations can be obtained through the addition of representations of photo-acclimation, flexible stoichiometry, and grazing provided these can be adequately constrained.
HESS Opinions: The myth of groundwater sustainability in Asia
Authors: Schwartz Franklin W. , Liu Ganming , Yu Zhongbo
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Across the arid regions of water-stressed countries of
Asia, groundwater production for irrigated agriculture has led to water-level declines that continue to worsen. For India, China, Pakistan, Iran, and
others, it is unrealistic to expect groundwater sustainability in a
verifiable sense to emerge. Fragmented governance and the general inability
to bring traditional socio-economic tools to bear on reducing groundwater
demands have impeded progress to groundwater sustainability. For India and
Pakistan, where operational management is at the level of states and
provinces, there is no capacity to regulate. Also in both China and India,
the tremendous numbers of groundwater users, large and small, confound
regulation of groundwater. With business as usual, groundwater-related
problems receive insufficient attention, a situation referred to as an
“accelerating and invisible groundwater crisis” (Biswas et al., 2017).
Another obstacle to sustainability comes from trying to manage something you
do not understand. With sustainable management, there are significant
burdens in the needed technical know-how, in collecting necessary data, and in
funding advanced technologies. Thus, there are risks that Iran, India,
and Pakistan will run short of groundwater from over-pumping in some places
and will also be adversely affected by global climate change.
Magnitude correlations in a self-similar aftershock rates model of seismicity
Authors: Zambrano Moreno Andres F. , Davidsen Jörn
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Crucial to the development of earthquake forecasting schemes is the manifestation of spatiotemporal correlations between earthquakes as highlighted, for example, by the notion of aftershocks. Here, we present an analysis of the statistical relation between subsequent magnitudes of a recently proposed self-similar aftershock rates model of seismicity, whose main distinguishing feature is that of interdependence between trigger and triggered events in terms of a time-varying frequency–magnitude distribution. By means of a particular statistical measure, we study the level of magnitude correlations under specific types of time conditioning, explain their provenance within the model framework and show that the type of null model chosen in the analysis plays a pivotal role in the type and strength of observed correlations. Specifically, we show that while the variations in the magnitude distribution can give rise to large trivial correlations between subsequent magnitudes, the non-trivial magnitude correlations are rather minimal. Simulations mimicking southern California (SC) show that these non-trivial correlations cannot be observed at the 3σ level using real-world catalogs for the magnitude of completeness as a reference. We conclude that only the time variations in the frequency–magnitude distribution might lead to significant improvements in earthquake forecasting.
Extension and Inversion of Salt-Bearing Rift Systems
Authors: Dooley Tim P. , Hudec Michael R.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We used physical models to investigate the structural evolution of segmented extensional rifts containing syn-rift evaporites and their subsequent inversion. An early stage of extension generated structural topography consisting of a series of en-échelon graben. Our salt analog filled these graben and the surroundings before continued extension and, finally, inversion. During post-salt extension, deformation in the subsalt section remained focused on the graben-bounding fault systems whereas deformation in suprasalt sediments was mostly detached, forming a sigmoidal extensional minibasin system across the original segmented graben array. Little brittle deformation was observed in the post-salt section. Sedimentary loading from the minibasins drove salt up onto the footwalls of the subsalt faults, forming diapirs and salt-ridge networks on the intra-rift high blocks. Salt remobilization and expulsion from beneath the extensional minibasins was enhanced along and up the major relay/transfer zones that separated the original sub-salt grabens, forming major diapirs in these locations. Inversion of this salt-bearing rift system produced strongly decoupled shortening belts in basement and suprasalt sequences. Suprasalt deformation geometries and orientations are strongly controlled by the salt diapir and ridge network produced during extension and subsequent downbuilding. Thrusts are typically localized at minibasin margins where the overburden was thinnest and salt had risen diapirically on the horst blocks. In the subsalt section, shortening strongly inverted sub-salt grabens, which uplifted the suprasalt minibasins. New popup structures also formed in the subsalt section. Primary welds formed as suprasalt minibasins touched down onto inverted graben. Model geometries compare favorably to natural examples such as those in the Moroccan High Atlas.
Disaggregating a Regional Extent Digital Soil Map using Bayesian Area-to-Point Regression Kriging for Farm-Scale Soil Carbon Assessment
Authors: Pallegedara Dewage Sanjeewani Nimalka Somarathna , Minasny Budiman , Malone Brendan
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Most soil management activities are implemented at farm scale, yet digital soil maps are commonly available at regional/national scale. Disaggregating these regional/national maps to be applicable for farm scale tasks particularly in data poor or limited situations. Although disaggregation is a frequently discussed topic in recent DSM literature, the uncertainty of the disaggregation process is not often discussed. Underestimation of inferential or predictive uncertainty in statistical modelling leads to inaccurate statistical summaries and overconfident decisions. The use of Bayesian inference allows for quantifying the uncertainty associated with the disaggregation process. In this study, a framework of Bayesian Area-to-Point Regression Kriging (ATPRK) is proposed for downscaling soil attributes, in particular, maps of soil organic carbon. Estimation of point support variogram from block supported data, was carried out using the Monte Carlo integration via the Metropolis-Hasting Algorithm. A regional soil carbon map with a resolution of 100 m (block support) was disaggregated to 10 m (point support) information for a farm in the northern NSW, Australia. The derived point support variogram has a higher partial sill and nugget while the range and parameters do not deviate much from the block support data. The disaggregated fine-scale map (point support with a grid spacing of 10 m) using Bayesian ATPRK had an 87 % concordance correlation with the original coarse scale map. The uncertainty estimates of the disaggregation process were given by a 95 % confidence interval (CI) limits. Narrow CI limits indicate, the disaggregation process gives a fair approximation of mean SOC content of the study site. The Bayesian ATPRK approach was compared with dissever; a regression-based disaggregation algorithm. The disaggregated maps generated by dissever had 96 % concordance correlation with the coarse-scale map. dissever achieves this higher concordance correlation through an iteration process while Bayesian ATPRK is a one-step process. The two disaggregated products were validated with 127 independent topsoil carbon observations. The validation concordance correlation coefficient for Bayesian ATPRK disaggregation was 23 % while downscaled maps generated from dissever had 18 % CCC. The advantages and limitations of both disaggregation algorithms are discussed.
Reseña del libro: Darren McGarvey. Safari en la pobreza. Entender la ira de los marginados de Gran Bretaña, Madrid, Capitán Swing, 2019. 272 pp. ISBN: 978-84-949667-1-2
Authors: Pérez Lozano Alejandro
Published: January 2020

Reseña del libro: McGarvey, Darren (2019). Safari en la pobreza. Entender la ira de los marginados de Gran Bretaña [A poverty safari: understanding the anger of the marginalised in Great Britain]. Madrid: Capitán Swing. 272 pp. ISBN: 9788494966712.
Low-Cost Carriers versus High-Speed Rail: Understanding Key Drivers of Passengers' Choice in China
Authors: Pan Jing Yu , Truong Dothang
Published: January 2020

This study investigated passengers' choice between high-speed rail (HSR) and low-cost carriers (LCCs) in China. A survey of 1,080 passengers was performed and a logit regression method was used to identify the key factors in modal choice behaviors. The results indicated that frequency, price, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and attitudes were significant determinants of choice between HSR and LCCs, while service quality, access, and subjective norms were not important factors. Group differences in terms of the factor impact were also identified. Frequency and attitudes had a greater influence on business passengers, compared to nonbusiness passengers, in terms of their mode preference. Price affected the two types of passenger groups in a similar way, while PBC only influenced the choice behavior of the nonbusiness passengers. These findings fill the knowledge gap of the choice between HSR and LCCs and provide useful insights for HSR and LCCs to improve competitiveness in China.
Investors’ Structure and Investment Decision Making Factors: Evidence from Capital Market in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Khan Md. Hafizur , Saiful Islam Mohammad
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the paper is to identify the investors’ structure and vital investment decision making factors in the context of capital market in Bangladesh. Total 104 investors have been surveyed in the study with close ended and structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and factor analysis have been conducted to analyze the collected data. The results of the study reveal that policy adoption of government together with fundamental analysis and deposit interest rate as alternative of return from share market for investors are vital investment decision making factors of investors of capital market in Bangladesh. The paper is significant for the investors for proper investment decision making and policy makers to work with development of capital market in Bangladesh.
Appropriate Learning Management for Studentswith Different Learning Styles within a Multicultural Society at State-run Universities in Thailand
Authors: Churngchow Chidchanok , Rorbkorb Narongsak , Petchurai On-tip , Tansakul Jirawat
Published: January 2020

This research aimed to discover appropriate learning management to suit students’ different learning styles within a multicultural society at state-run universities using mixed methods research of explanatory design. A survey was first conducted followed by focus group discussions. It was found that the students consisted of all four types of learning styles: reflector, activist, theorist and pragmatist, while, reflectors were the majority group. The results also showed that students from different disciplines and types of highschools used different learning styles. However, the participants in the focus groups, especially the Muslim students, stated that they employed the pragmatic style as well as their dominant style. It is suggested that a teaching style incorporating practiced-based learning, such as lab-work, field work or project-based learning would suit all students. Student-centered classes and active leaning are also recommended as being appropriate for all types of student learning styles.