bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
صوت الضاد في العربية
Authors: خلف سلمان الدراجي أحمد
Published: March 2021

الحمد لله رب العالمين، والصلاة والسلام على محمد وآله المنتجبين ومن اهتدى بهديهم إلى يوم الدين، وبعد:

        يعد موضوع صوت الضاد من الموضوعات المهمة في اللغة العربية، وقد اشتهر بصعوبة نطقه، حتى أصبحت صعوبة النطق به مشكلة كبيرة.

        وقد اهتم البحث في نشأة مشكلة الضاد، وتحديد مخرج صوت الضاد عند المتقدمين والمحدثين، وتحديد مخرج هذا الصوت بناءً على لفظه الموصوف في طيات الكتب بمخرج معين ومحدد، وبيان مفهوم صفته والصفات التي أثبتت لهذا الصوت، كالإطباق، والاستعلاء، والجهر، والشدة، والاستطالة، والرخاوة، وكذلك التغييرات الصوتية التي أصابته في بعض اللهجات واثبتها في القران الكريم، وإيضاح وجود صوت الضاد في اللغات السامية. وقد تم اعتماد المنهجين الوصفي والتاريخي في البحث. وتجنّبنا الخوض في الفرق بين الضاد والظاء والتمييز بينهما؛ لأن هذا النوع من البحوث قد أُشبع ولا مجال لذكره هنا.

تضمّن البحث مبحثين سبقهما تمهيد وتلتهما خاتمة. وبحث في التمهيد مشكلة صوت الضاد ونشأتها.

وخصُّ المبحث الأول بمخرج صوت الضاد لغة واصطلاحًا، ومخرج صوت الضاد وصفته عند القدامى والمحدثين، أما المبحث الثاني فخص بصفات صوت الضاد عند المحدثين، والتغيير الذي أصاب صوت الضاد. ثم جاءت الخاتمة لتنتهي بأهم ما جاء في البحث.

                                   وآخر دعوانا أن الحمد لله رب العالمين
The usage of optical wireless communication for an indoor channel link
Authors: J. Hasan Hasan , Adnan Saleh Zeyad , Ali Abd Ali Mazin
Published: March 2021

Optical wireless communication using white LEDs is the latest research field for next-generation communication by using new technology termed as Light Fidelity or more commonly known as Li-Fi. This term indicate to the data transition in an indoor channel. In this paper we investigated the performance of  Li-Fi for indoor channel and take into account the line of the sight (LOS) and non line of sight (NLOS). There are different metrics used to assessment system such as quality factor (Q-Factor) and bet error rate (BER). The results show that the Li-Fi technology can be working with a good performance. Also, the increase in optical link leads to a weak in the record signal
INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES ON PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL HOUSING PROJECTS IN KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Kinuthia Kibugi Kenneth , Muchelule Dr. Yusuf
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The objective of the study was to establish the effect of internal management competencies on performance of commercial housing projects in Kiambu County, Kenya.

Methodology: The study employed descriptive research design. There are a total of 100 commercial housing developers operating in Kiambu County. This study targeted owners and operation managers in all the companies.  Therefore, the study population was 200 respondents. This study adopted a census approach since the target population is not large. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire. Quantitative data gathered from correctly filled questionnaires was coded; tabulated and analyzed using SPSS version 20 by both descriptive statistics which included mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics which includes Pearson correlation and regression coefficient which was used. The data was presented using frequency tables and graphs.

Results: The study revealed that there was a positive association between the variables of the study, that is, leadership competency, financial competency, project consultant competency and information technology competency with coefficients 0.636, 0.645, 0.676 and 0.622 respectively in relation to performance of commercial housing projects in Kiambu County. The p-values of leadership competency, financial competency, project consultant competency and information technology competency were 0.001, 0.011, 0.000 and 0.014 respectively. This implied that there was a significant and positive relation between internal management competencies and performance of commercial housing projects in Kiambu County.

Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The commercial housing firms should adopt the various strategic competencies that are useful to an organization to boost the performance of projects in commercial housing. The competencies include leadership and top management skills and financial management. The modern technology in the IT field is useful and should be adopted in the various project firms. Commercial housing firms’ excellence in internal management and acquisition of necessary physical and human resources should be an aim for all the registered firms. This is necessary to ensure quality of the projects.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ COVİD-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDEKİ “ÖĞRETMEN” VE “ÖĞRENCİ” KAVRAMLARINA İLİŞKİN METAFORİK ALGILARI
Authors: SARIER Yılmaz , UYSAL Şengül
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının Covid-19 pandemi sürecindeki “öğretmen” ve “öğrenci” kavramlarına ilişkin algılarının metaforlar yardımıyla belirlenmesidir. Araştırma verileri 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim döneminde Eskişehir ili Anadolu Üniversitesinde özel eğitim bölümünde öğrenimine devam eden 140 öğretmen adayından elde edilmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde nitel veri çözümleme tekniklerinden içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada öğretmen adayları “öğretmen” kavramına ilişkin 9 farklı kategori altında toplam 78 metafor, “öğrenci” kavramına ilişkin olarak ise yine 9 farklı kategori altında toplam 63 metafor geliştirmişlerdir. “Öğretmen” kavramına Covid-19 pandemi sürecindeki uzaktan eğitimin etkisiyle alan yazında daha az vurgulanan bazı farklı kategoriler (zorluklarla mücadele eden ve sürekli çalışan, tasarımcı ve sanatçı, tedirgin ve ne yapacağını bilemeyen öğretmen) de ortaya çıkmıştır. Öğrenci açısından ise bu dönemde “öğrenci” kavramının sevgi, ilgi ve desteğe ihtiyaç duyan, itaat eden ve talimatlara uyan, kendisini geliştiren, araştıran ve bilgiyi inşa eden, tedirgin ve ne yapacağını bilmeyen olarak algılandığı anlaşılmıştır.
Gebelik ve Doğum Sonu Dönemde Preeklampsi Yaşayan Hastanın Yaşam Aktiviteleri Modeli’ne Göre Hemşirelik Bakımı: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: ALTUN Esra , ŞAHİN Sevil
Published: March 2021

Preeklampsi, gebelik ve doğum sonu dönemde anne ve bebek sağlığını ciddi şekilde etkileyecek
önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Dünyada anne ve bebek ölümlerinin nedenleri arasında preeklampsi
ön sırada yer almaktadır. Gebelik döneminde hipertansiyon hastalıklarının arasında yer alan preeklampsi
önemli bir gebelik komplikasyonudur. Ancak preeklampsinin erken tespit edilerek doğru
yönetilmesi ile maternal morbidite ve mortalite oranları azaltılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yüksek
riskli gebelik servisinde preeklampsi tanısı ile yatan hastanın bütüncül ve sistematik hemşirelik
bakım sürecinin değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Sağlık profesyonellerinin, gebeleri preeklampsi
bulgu ve belirtileri hakkında bilgilendirmesi ve mevcut bir hastalık belirtisinde sağlık kuruluşu ile
temasa geçmesinin aciliyetini vurgulaması gerekmektedir. Hemşirelik bakım sürecinde model kullanımının
gerekliliğini vurgulamak ve uygulama alanında kullanılmasını sağlamak amacıyla Roper,
Logan ve Tierney tarafından geliştirilen Yaşam Aktivitelerine temelli Hemşirelik Modeli kullanılarak
preeklampsi olgusu değerlendirilmiştir.
“Narraciones cotidianas”, una experiencia de audiencia con niños/as de 1 a 2 años
Authors: Carrizo Méndez María Gabriela , Cifuentes Oyarzún Stephanía , Faúndez Silva Daniela
Published: March 2021

La educación inicial, cada vez más, se ha ido transformando para posicionar a los niños y niñas en el centro de la práctica educativa. Al observar con detención la infancia, sabemos que el interés por la narración oral, la búsqueda de la belleza, el arte y la sensorialidad, son parte intrínseca del desarrollo en los primeros años de vida. La experiencia que se detalla, consiste en un proyecto de formación de audiencia infantil aplicado a un grupo de 13 niños, de entre 1 a 2 años, de un jardín infantil inspirado en la filosofía Reggio Emilia, ubicado en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Este proyecto se desarrolló a nivel transversal en el aula, implementando diversas experiencias de narración, utilizando estrategias orales, corporales, sonoras y visuales. Los procesos vividos, desde la observación y el actuar de los niños, permitieron repensar una propuesta de formación de audiencia infantil para los primeros años, con nuevas prácticas, que pudiesen ahondar en las capacidades de los niños para vincularse con las propuestas educativas, así como sus posibilidades de acción sobre lo que nos parece tan lejano como la cultura y la comunidad.
Modelación de la educación y escolaridad desde las revoluciones industriales
Authors: Bonilla Molina Luis
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo el autor muestra como los modelos de enseñanza-aprendizaje que se desarrollan en los sistemas escolares y son influenciados por la aceleración de la innovación científico tecnológica y las revoluciones industriales. El punto de vista es que estamos ante un giro brusco que impactan aceleradamente sobre los rituales y prácticas educativas.  Llega a esta conclusión a partir de sus estudios de las tendencias de las reformas educativas en el mundo y el actual curso del cambio societal.
COMPARACIÓN DE DOS SISTEMAS DE TRATAMIENTO ANAERÓBICOS DE AGUAS RESIDUALES DE CARACTERÍSTICAS HOMOGÉNEAS PARA ESCUELAS SIN SISTEMA DE TRATAMIENTO
Authors: Isaza Santos Irving Isaac , González Freddy , Gómez Yarelys
Published: March 2021

En las escuelas de la República de Panamá que se encuentran en áreas rurales y sitios que no cuentan con sistemas de alcantarillado municipal en la actualidad muchos de los pliegos de cargos y contratista de proyectos hacen referencia al sistema de Tanque Séptico como el sistema de tratamiento primario más versátil en cuanto al manejo de plantas de tratamiento aguas residuales (PTAR) y económico en cuanto a construcción y mantenimiento. En este artículo se realiza una modelación comparativa entre el sistema de tanque séptico y un reactor UASB para la PTAR de escuelas, destacando la efectividad del tratamiento anaeróbico (Lozada, 2012), (Salazar-Larrota, Luis, et al, 2009) (Lorenzo y Obaya, 2006), además de su viabilidad económica en cuanto a costos de construcción y mantenimiento lo cual hace considerar implementar PTAR con sistema de reactor UASB en ambientes tropicales (Conil, 2001).
DIVERSIDAD Y ESTADO DE CONSERVACIÓN DE PECES ARRECIFALES EN PLAYA LA ANGOSTA, PROVINCIA DE COLÓN (PANAMÁ)
Authors: Melo Nemesio , De León Yhaidelice , Morales Jorge , Contreras Mónica
Published: March 2021

Los arrecifes coralinos son considerados ambientes dinámicos y de gran importancia biológica debido a la alta diversidad de organismos que interactúan con este ecosistema. Los peces, que son parte de esta diversidad, actúan como controladores ambientales a través de la depredación, el herbivorismo y otros aspectos vinculados a las actividades tróficas. En el área del Caribe, se reporta el declive de comunidades de peces, indicándose entre sus amenazas: la sobrepesca, contaminación, explotación y cambio climático. El objetivo de estudio es determinar  la riqueza, abundancia  y estado de conservación de la ictiofauna en zonas arrecifales de Playa La Angosta, Colón. Se realizaron 7 muestreos diurnos entre los meses de octubre y diciembre del 2018, en zonas arrecifales de playa La Angosta, se establecieron dos sitios de estudio y dos  transectos en banda, utilizándose el método de censo visual de buceo. Se determinó el estado de conservación a partir de la Lista Roja publicada por UICN. Se registró un total de 3668 individuos en 43 especies, 21 familias y 8 órdenes. Las familias más diversas son Haemulidae y Labridae con 6 especies cada una, seguido de Pomacentridae con 4 especies, Scaridae, Lutjanidae, Chaetodontidae y Carangidae con 3 especies. La familia más abundante fue la familia Labridae con un total 1274 individuos que representa un 34.7% de los taxa estudiadas. Se determinó que Lutjanus synagris está en categoría NT. Es el primer estudio en esta zona que reporta datos sobre diversidad y estado de conservación de peces arrecifales Se recomienda establecer estrategias para conservar tanto la diversidad de peces como cobertura de coral vivo.
LA AUTORÍA MEDIATA EN EL DERECHO PENAL PANAMEÑO
Authors: Arenas Nero Orestes
Published: March 2021

Este artículo explicó la autoría mediata en el Derecho penal panameño. Se analizó el Código Penal de Panamá desde el método exegético de la hermenéutica jurídica, luego se analizaron los principales autores panameños sobre Derecho Penal. También se explicó por qué no hay autoría mediata en los delitos culposos, los delitos de propia mano y los delitos especiales. Para esto, se utilizó técnicas de revisión de fuentes bibliográficas panameñas y de fuentes normativas nacionales. En la misma se llegó a la conclusión, entre otras, que, en Panamá, es autor mediato aquella persona que cometa un delito a través de otro, que muchas veces no es consciente del hecho punible, y si lo es, entonces no se puede autodeterminar con base en esa comprensión.
ENEMIGOS NATURALES DE Dione juno (Cramer, 1779) (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) EN CULTIVO DE Passiflora edulis Sims, J. (1818) CENTRO REGIONAL UNIVERSITARIO DE COCLE, UNIVERSIDAD DE PANAMÁ
Authors: Santos Murgas Alonso , Martínez Adnieska , Rodríguez Luis M.
Published: March 2021

Muchas de las larvas de Lepidóptera producen daños a cultivos en sus primeros estadios del desarrollo, estas inhiben el crecimiento foliar de las plantas. Ya que las larvas en su crecimiento necesitan alimentarse constantemente en gran medida de hojas (plantas hospederas) para completar su ciclo biológico. En esta investigación se reportan los enemigos naturales de la mariposa Dione juno (Cramer, 1779) mediante un monitoreo de cuatro meses (agosto-noviembre 2019) en cultivos de Passiflora edulis Sims, J. (1818) sembrados en terrenos del Centro Regional de Coclé, Universidad de Panamá, sede de la provincia de Coclé. Mediante observaciones en Passiflora edulis, la planta hospedera natural de Dione juno, se identificaron en cada una de las etapas del desarrollo de su ciclo biológico los enemigos naturales; depredadores como hormigas: Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Solenopsis giminata (Fabricius 1804), chinche: Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Mormidea notulata (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1844) y la avispas (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Mischocyttarus angulatus Richards 1945) y parasitoides como, moscas: Diptera, Tachinidae, Lespesia archippivora (Riley). Consideramos que estos enemigos naturales son la causa de la disminución de la población de Dione juno en el cultivo de Passiflora edulis, en los cultivos de P. edulis, del Centro Regional Universitario de la Universidad de Panamá, en la Provincia de Coclé. El ciclo biológico de Dione juno dura aproximadamente ± 30 días, desde la eclosión de los huevos hasta la etapa adulta.
ON THE IDENTITY OF HOG-NOSED PIT-VIPERS FROM WESTERN PANAMA: A REVIEW OF SPECIMENS OF PORTHIDIUM LANSBERGII (SCHLEGEL, 1841) IN LOWER CENTRAL AMERICA.
Authors: Monteza-Moreno Claudio Manuel , Ramos Carlos , Martínez Victor , Sasa Mahmood
Published: March 2021

Porthidium lansbergii is a relatively abundant pit viper in semiarid environments from eastern Panama, through the Caribbean plains and Magdalena Valley in Colombia to northeastern Venezuela. Like other members of this genus, P. lansbergii exhibits great variation in scutellation and other morphological characters, a situation that has complicated the taxonomy and identification of populations assigned to the species. In Lower Central America, P. lansbergii is known to inhabit seasonally-dry environments of the Pacific slopes of western Panama. Here, we aimed to clarify the taxonomic status of some enigmatic specimens collected in western Panama, with morphological ambiguity, resembling P. lansbergii. We used the mitochondrial marker cytochrome oxidase b to perform a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, to evaluate the affinities ofthese specimens with P. lansbergii individuals from central and eastern Panama, and Venezuela. We also analyzed meristic morphological characters to discriminate among populations of P. lansbergii in Panama, including other species of the Porthidium genus. Our analyses indicate that the enigmatic individuals do not differ from others individuals identified as P. lansbergii, thus forming a monophyletic group. We conclude that P. lansbergii has a more extended range than currently recognized including the western Pacific in Panama.
CALLIPHORIDAE DE INTERÉS FORENSE ASOCIADAS A TRES CEBOS DE CERDOS DOMÉSTICO (Sus scrofa L.) EN UN ÁREA RURAL, CORREGIMIENTO DE LA PINTADA, PROVINCIA DE COCLÉ, PANAMÁ
Authors: Garcés Percis A. , Molinar Milexi
Published: March 2021

La familia Calliphoridae habita en todas las regiones biogeográficas y comprende más de 1000 especies y 150 géneros a nivel mundial. Usualmente son el primer taxón en colonizar cadáveres frescos, pues su desarrollada capacidad para detectar olores olfato les permite colonizar cadáveres horas o minutos después del deceso, pudiendo encontrarse en todos los estados de descomposición cadavérica. El presente estudio se realizó durante la temporada lluviosa, en el mes de noviembre de 2017, en el corregimiento de La Pintada, provincia de Coclé. Se utilizaron vísceras de cerdo (Sus scrofa L.) correspondientes a cerebro, hígado, y corazón. De acuerdo con el análisis de correspondencias (CPA), las especies Chrysomya megacephala y Cochliomyia macellaria fueron las más abundantes; ambas están correlacionadas positivamente, debido a que sus poblaciones fueron las más capturadas y por ende pueden ser utilizadas como las principales indicadoras forenses. Lo opuesto ocurrió con las especies Chrysomya rufifacies, Lucilia sericata y Lucilia eximia, que registraron poblaciones bajas, y de acuerdo con el análisis tienen correlación negativa.
SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DE LAS ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS EN LA PROVINCIA DE COLÓN, PANAMÁ: MARCO DESCRIPTIVO PARA UNA MEJOR GESTIÓN Y MANEJO
Authors: Ortiz Octavio , Moreno de Niño Yolanda , Vargas Cusatti Ursula , De La Cruz Cabrera Vera , Lanuza-Garay Alfredo
Published: March 2021

Las áreas protegidas son por excelencia los lugares más valiosos para la conservación in situ de la naturaleza en un país. En Panamá, dichos espacios naturales son de interés institucional y de gestión por el beneficio ambiental que ofrecen, a pesar de la intensa presión humana de la cual son objeto. Al respecto, el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (SINAP) del departamento de Manejo de Áreas Protegidas del Ministerio de Ambiente (MiAmbiente) de Panamá, través del Programa de Monitoreo de la Efectividad del Manejo de las Áreas Protegidas (PMEMAP) verifica todas a nivel nacional y su estado actual. El país cuenta con ciento cinco (105) áreas protegidas legalmente establecidas, de las cuales la provincia de Colón cuenta con cuatro: Parque Nacional Portobelo, Bosque Protector y Paisaje Protegido San Lorenzo, Área Recreativa Lago Gatún y Paisaje Protegido de Isla Galeta. Sin embargo, estas nocuentan desde 2012 con un análisis profundo que describa su particularidad en torno a aspectos sociales, ambientales, culturales y económicos, información que podría ser útil en la búsqueda de las posibles líneas de acción a corto, mediano y largo plazo. En esta investigación de carácter descriptivo sobre áreas protegidas de Colón y su situación actual, basándose en cinco ejes: social, administrativos, económico-financieros, político-legal, recursos naturales y culturales, además de investigaciones científicas y amenazas registradas, se realizó trabajo de campo y se revisó información del departamento de Manejo Áreas Protegidas del Ministerio de Ambiente. Los resultados muestran realidades diversas en cada una de las áreas protegidas tratadas, se recomienda establecer nuevos planes de acción y alianzas estratégicas apoyadas en educación ambiental, producción y fortalecimiento del conocimiento científico e incremento de personal idóneo.  Por otro lado, las amenazas registradas se muestra un incremento significativo, lo que sugiere una incidencia negativa en la integridad de dichas áreas.
FIRST NEST REPORT OF VARIED SOLITAIRE (Myadestes coloratus), AN ENDEMIC BIRD SPECIES OF PANAMA AND COLOMBIA
Authors: Garzon Jorge L.
Published: March 2021

Here we present the first description of nests for the Varied Solitaire Myadestes coloratus, a regional endemic species (Panama and Colombia). We found two nests in Cerro Chucantí Natural Private Reserve (CCNPR), the first nest was seen on May 6, 2019 with three hatchlings inside and the second on May 9, 2020 with three eggs. The nests were constructed out of green mosses and foliaceus liverworts over tree trunks covered with moss, they were cup shaped, at 1.3 and 1.5 meters high. The GPS coordinates of the nests were (8° 47’44.8” N, 78°27’47.4 W, 1276 m) and (8° 48’09.5” N, 78°27’37.0 W, 1393 m) respectively. This report represents the first for this species which is under the Endangered (EN) category of Panama´s List of threatened species of Fauna and Flora by Ministerio de Ambiente.
COMPARACIÓN DE LAS PRINCIPALES MOSCAS NECRÓFAGAS ATRAÍDAS POR HÍGADOS HUMANOS EN ESTADO DE DESCOMPOSICIÓN, EXPUESTOS A DIFERENTES INTERVALOS DE TIEMPO, EN UN ÁREA URBANA DE LA PROVINCIA DE PANAMÁ.
Authors: Garcés P. A. , Rosa M. B. , Portillo O. J. , Ross I. I. , Jiménez C. O. , Moreno C. M. , Cobos J. J. , Zapata O. , Chiari C. , Ku V. , Gutiérrez Medina V. , Góndola Y. , Mendieta C. , Pitti W. , Ochoa I.
Published: March 2021

Se obtuvieron cuatro muestras de hígados humanos, de aproximadamente de 150 a 200 g. de la Morgue Judicial de Panamá. Los tejidos se expusieron a intervalos de tiempo que iban desde las primeras 12 horas, incluyendo las 24, 48, 72 y hasta 96 horas de descomposición. Las capturas de las moscas se realizaron durante tres horas continuas.

En total se capturaron 1003 ejemplares, distribuidos en tres familias y 11 especies: Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae y Muscida. La familia que mayormente atrapada en los tejidos fue la Calliphoridae seguida de la Sarcophagidae. Las especies más abundantes en el área correspondió a Chrysomya megacephala, con 464 ejemplares y Lucilia cuprina con 117 ejemplares, seguido de Lucilia sericata con 55 ejemplares y Lucilia eximia con 47 ejemplares. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer las principales especies de moscas necrófagas que arriban a los hígados humanos, expuestos a diferentes intervalos, en un área urbana de la provincia de Panamá.
BIOMETRÍA DE Lutjanus peru (PARGO SEDA) y Lutjanus guttatus (PARGO DE LA MANCHA) (PISCES: LUTJANIDAE) EN EL GOLFO DE MONTIJO, PACÍFICO DE PANAMÁ.
Authors: Gómez C. Valerio A. , Sánchez V. Benjamín , Gómez H. Juan A.
Published: March 2021

Existe una presión pesquera sobre dos especies, Lutjanus peru y Lutjanus guttatus en el Golfo de Montijo, del Pacífico veragüense. Entre noviembre 2013 y septiembre de 2018, semanalmente se registró dos especies de interés comercial; se determinó y analizó el volumen de desembarque, la talla y el peso y se correlacionaron. En L. peru las tallas oscilaron entre 12 y 84 cm con promedio de 40,7 cm; el peso entre los 0,22 kg y 6,35 kg con promedio de 1,33 kg; el volumen total fue 169 132 kg, un r = 0,76 y R2 = 0,5705. La talla de L. guttatus osciló en los 20 y 79 cm con promedio de 38,5 cm y el peso entre 0,22 kg y 2,04 kg con el promedio 0,6 kg; el volumen reportado fue 174 002 kg, r = 0,73. R2= 0,5338. Las capturas de L. peru representaron el 49,29 %; mientras que para L. guttatus correspondió a 50,71 %. La relación talla-peso para ambas especies fue significativa.
ENDOPARÁSITOS EN CUATRO ESPECIES DE VIPERIDOS PROVENIENTES DE LA CONCESIÓN MINERA “COBRE PANAMÁ”
Authors: Quintero P. Indira , Ríos-Carrera Nivia , Mack P. Marcelo , Martínez C. Víctor
Published: March 2021

Los parásitos en los sistemas digestivo y sanguíneo comprenden un amplio grupo de protozoarios y helmintos, que influyen directa o indirectamente en el estado de salud de sus hospederos (Negroni, 2009). Es importante determinar la ausencia o presencia y frecuencia de parásitos como potenciales causantes de enfermedades en serpientes. Los análisis parasitológicos constituyen técnicas para el seguimiento sanitario de poblaciones silvestres y cautivas (García, 2013).  En esta investigación reportamos parásitos en Bothrops asper, Bothriechis schlegelii, Lachesis stenophrys, y Porthidium nasutum. Se analizaron un total de 75 muestras fecales y sanguíneas, utilizando las técnicas coprológicas de Bailenger y Sheather. Identificamos la prevalencia de parásitos como Eimeria sp. (72%), Hymenolepis sp. (52%), y Strongylus sp. (88%) y mediante la tinción de Giemsa para hemoparásitos, se identificó Hepatozoon sp.
Hipertensão arterial entre idosos: comparação entre indicadores do Ceará, do Nordeste e do Brasil
Authors: Rocha Alane Siqueira , Pinho Breno Aloísio Torres Duarte de , Lima Érica Nobre
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Estimar a taxa de prevalência e o número de pessoas com hipertensão e a expectativa de vida livre e com hipertensão arterial da população idosa do estado do Ceará, da Região Nordeste e do Brasil, para o ano de 2008, e apresentar o cenário dos indicadores para o ano de 2020. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, elaborado a partir de dados populacionais da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios e das Projeções Populacionais disponibilizados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Estima-se a prevalência e a população idosa com hipertensão, e utiliza-se o método de Sullivan para calcular a esperança de vida sem e com hipertensão. Resultados: Nos anos de 2008 e 2020, a prevalência de hipertensão entre idosos foi superior a 50% entre o sexo feminino e 40% entre o sexo masculino, assim como a proporção da expectativa de vida aos 60 anos a ser vivida com hipertensão, sendo observados valores mais elevados para o Brasil em comparação com o Nordeste e o Ceará. Nesse período, espera-se um aumento do número de idosos com hipertensão em mais de 40% no Brasil e ao redor de 30% no Nordeste e no Ceará. Conclusão: O ritmo do envelhecimento populacional contribui para o crescimento da população idosa com hipertensão. A prevalência e a expectativa de vida com hipertensão apresentam especificidades regionais. Regra geral, a prevalência de hipertensão é elevada entre os idosos, de modo que parte significativa da expectativa de vida aos 60 anos deverá ser vivida com o problema da hipertensão.
Temperaments and characters: incompatible or complementary components for criterion B of the alternative model in predicting DSM-5 section II personality disorders?
Authors: Hemmati Azad , Vanderbleek Emily , Mirani Atefeh , Clark Lee , Rezaei Farzin
Published: March 2021

Background

Many studies have found clear correspondence among the domains of the five-factor model of personality (FFM) and the alter-native model of personality disorders (AMPD) in DSM-5-III, which is assessed with the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). However, very few studies have compared the PID-5 with the other well-known established dimensional models of personality such as Cloninger’s model. The present study examined whether the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125) dimensions, PID-5 dimensions, or a combination would represent PD-scale scores more accurately.

Participants and procedure

In this regard, 437 college students completed the Persian version of the PID-5, TCI-125 and SCID-II Screening Questionnaire.

Results

The results indicated that cooperativeness (low), self-directedness (low), and self-transcendence (high) characters of the TCI-125 and the psychoticism (high) domain of the PID-5 are the most consistent predictors of all PD-scale scores.

Conclusions

Overall, the findings showed that an integrative model, combining dimensions of the TCI-125 and PID-5, represented the fea-tures of PD-scale scores most effectively.
Place of the gold standard isokinetic dynamometer in Paralympic sports: a systematic review
Authors: Ahmadi Shirko , Uchida Marco Carlos
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Isokinetic dynamometers are machines that can supply multiple elements for measuring muscle strength, peak force, power, endurance, and angle of maximal force. The purpose of this study was to run a systematic review to find the quality of evidence in studies evaluating the gold standard isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex) in Paralympic sports.

Methods

The search strategy was defined as: (‘Paralympic’ OR ‘Paralympic sport’ OR ‘Parasport’ OR ‘disabled athlete’ OR ‘athletes with a disability’) AND (‘strength’ OR ‘isokinetic’ OR ‘torque’ OR ‘muscle strength dynamometer’ OR ‘isokinetic dynamometer’ OR ‘Biodex’). Four databases were searched: PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, and Scopus.

Results

From the 981 articles initially found, 10 records were finally included in this systematic review. Five articles were selected as high quality. The Biodex isokinetic dynamometer was introduced about 3 decades ago; still, a small number of papers (10) have been published on applying it in Paralympic sports. We observed different experimental protocols in the included studies. The shortage of standardization in the experimental protocols precludes pooling data for analyses.

Conclusions

As the Biodex isokinetic dynamometer is a gold standard, reliable, and valid instrument to measure human joint function, future research should apply it in Paralympic studies.
Weekly variations of biomechanical load variables in professional soccer players: comparisons between playing positions
Authors: Hasan Uday Ch. , Silva Rui , Clemente Filipe Manuel
Published: March 2021

Purpose

The purpose of the present study was fourfold: (i) to describe the weekly variations of acute external load measures during a professional soccer season; (ii) to analyse the variability of external load measures within weeks; (iii) to analyse the acute:chronic workload ratio of players during the process; and (iv) to analyse the differences of external load measures between playing positions.

Methods

Twenty professional soccer players (age: 24.9 ± 3.5 years; body mass: 71.6 ± 18.7 kg; height: 168.8 ± 41.4 cm) from the same team competing in the First Portuguese League (Europe) voluntarily participated in this study. They were daily monitored with a Global Positioning System (GPS) and the following external load variables were extracted per session: (i) total distance; (ii) running distance; (iii) high-speed running distance; (iv) distance at maximal speed; (v) distance at high accelerations; and (vi) players’ training load. The acute load and acute:chronic workload ratio were weekly calculated for each of the GPS measures.

Results

Week-by-week variations ranged from –57% to +115%, depending on the playing position and the variable measured. The within-week variability revealed coefficients of variation between 48% and 55%, depending on the measure. Considering the differences in mean load between playing positions, significant differences between players were found for the majority of the variables, with the only exceptions being maximal speed and high accelerations distances.

Conclusions

Great between-week variations in the acute load as well as the variability of load within weeks were found. It was observed that acute load was position-dependent.
Effect of stress on hand movement in a laboratory setting among high school students: preliminary research
Authors: Kim Hyungsook , O’Sullivan David , Camurri Antonio , Park Yonghyun , Kolykhalova Ksenia , Piana Stefano , You Jeong Ae , Seong Jeong Hee
Published: March 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stress on movement before and after a computer application-based simulated stress task.

Methods

Differences in the movement of participants were examined by measuring movement quality described by wrist accumulated distance, velocity, acceleration, jerk, and smoothness. Ten high school students performed 3 horizontal and vertical hand circling movements before and after a simulated concentration-based stress task. Blood pressure was measured, and a saliva sample was collected before and after the stress test execution. The participants were instructed to take a 10-minute relaxation period, perform 3 horizontal and vertical circling movements, a 20-minute stress task, and then perform 3 horizontal and vertical movements.

Results

There were significant differences between before- and after-stress-task levels of cortisol (p < 0.05), heart rate (p < 0.01), smoothness (p < 0.01), and jerk movements (p < 0.05) in the vertical plane. The stress-related variables were lower after the relaxation phase than the stress task. Likewise, movements were smoother and had less jerk in the vertical plane after relaxation.

Conclusions

This study indicates that stress may affect hand movement quality in the vertical plane. Therefore, we recommend that any movement behaviour adaptive therapy should focus on movements in the vertical plane.
Clinical evaluation and monitoring of the effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in sub-acute and chronic post-stroke spasticity patients
Authors: Mohammed Abdelnaby Mai , Abdelraheem Abdellatif Maii
Published: March 2021

Introduction

To evaluate the efficacy and maintenance of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in sub-acute and chronic post-stroke spasticity patients in the Suez Canal region.

Methods

An interrupted time series study was conducted; 82 patients were recruited in accordance with the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided into 2 subgroups depending on the stroke duration: a sub-acute group (35 patients) and a chronic group (47 patients). ESWT was applied over knee and ankle flexor muscle belly with the following setup parameters: energy: 0.068–0.093 mJ/mm; frequency: 5 Hz; number of shots: 1500. Modified Ashworth score, clonus score, 3-minute walk test, range of motion angle of both knee and ankle joint, and Fugl-Meyer Assessment were established at baseline, after the 1st session, and at the 1st, 4th, and 8th week for the 2 groups.

Results

Regarding the sub-acute group, there was a statistically significant improvement in the modified Ashworth score, clonus score, 3-minute walk test, and range of motion angle of both knee and ankle joint after the 1st session and after the 1st week of intervention. The differences were not statistically significant after 4th or 8th week. The chronic group showed no statistically significant improvement after the 1st session or in the 1st, 4th, or 8th week assessment.

Conclusions

ESWT was more effective in treatment of spasticity in patients with sub-acute stroke compared with those with chronic stroke.
Biodegradation of Phenol: Mini Review
Authors: Saraireh Razan , Asasfeh Batool , Saraireh Mutaz , Shiyyab Kholoud , Shawawreh Rawan
Published: March 2021

This paper is a comprehensive review related to the biological degradation of phenol by microorganisms. The aromatic compound, phenol or hydroxybenzene, is produced industrially or naturally. Many microorganisms that are able to biodegrade phenol have been isolated and at the same time, the metabolic pathways responsible for these metabolic processes have been determined. A large number of bacteria were studied in detail especially, pure cultures as well as the pathways of aerobic phenol metabolism and the enzymes involved. Phenol oxygenation occurred as the initial steps through phenol hydroxylase enzymes leading to formation of catechol, pursued by the splitting of the adjacent ring or in between the two groups of catechol hydroxyls. Thus, the physical and chemical environments plus the chemical structures that affecting biodegradation processes are important determining factors for combating of pollution. This nature of chemical structure for the other aromatic compounds is also a main decisive factor of biodegradability.
Microfinancing in Pakistan: A Case Study of Local Support Organizations in Northern Areas
Authors: Shah Saif-ul-Mujahid , Shah Anwar-ul-Mujahid , Shah Saadullah
Published: March 2021

Pakistan is one of the developing countries, where the majority of the population resides in rural areas with a high poverty rate. Microfinance in rural areas is considered an effective tool not only making the people financially strong but at the same time improving their standard of living. The current research investigates the impact of local NGOs on rural life in the northern areas of Pakistan.in this regard, a parametric approach, Structural equation Modelling (SME) was applied to analyze the impact of microfinance projects on welfare using a case of four microfinance NGOs. The data was collected from 566 respondents using a pre-designed questionnaire. The results show the welfare of the people increased in terms of income, consumption, empowerment, employment. The findings imply that the loan size should be increased so that the respondents’ would be able to save and acquire more assets. In addition, Ngo microfinance organizations initiate programs such as education and health awareness along with training on entrepreneurial skills before granting loans so that the microfinance loan can be utilized efficiently.
Duel Effects of Ostracism at Work with Differing Regulatory Focus of Ostracized Workers: Affective Event Theory Application
Authors: Umar Anila , Fatima Seerat , Hasnain Amna
Published: March 2021

The objective of the following paper is to examine the effects of ostracism at work on extra-role behavior, ingratiation and eudaimonia at work by taking mediating effect of sadness as well as moderating effects of employee regulatory focus. This phenomenon was examined through the lens of Affective event theory. The data was collected from 291 public sector employees of Pakistan. Data on variables of interest were collected through time lag and multi-rated survey which was divided into three parts. Data were analyzed through smart PLS software. Results indicated that sadness mediates the relationship between ostracism at work and extra-role behavior and between ostracism and ingratiation at work. The result indicated that promotion focus antagonistically moderate the relationship between sadness and extra-role and prevention focus failed to moderate the relationship between sadness and ingratiation at work. Furthermore, results also indicated that extra-role behavior positively related to eudaimonia and ingratiation at work negatively related to eudaimonia at work.
Empowering Leadership and Occupational Burnout: A Moderated Mediation Model of Employee Optimism, Employee Hardiness and Job Crafting
Authors: Chughtai Muhammad Salman , Rizvi Syed Tahir Hussain
Published: March 2021

Integration of social cognitive theory and hardiness theory, this study aimed to investigate the mediating mechanism of job crafting and the direct effect of empowering leadership that causes occupational burnout with the sample from law enforcement institutions. The authors also tested the moderating effect of employee optimism and employee hardiness between the linkage of job crafting and occupational burnout. To test the proposed hypothesis of this study, 192 participants from the law enforcement institution of Punjab, Pakistan participate in this study voluntarily. The findings of the study suggest that job crafting mediates the relationship between empowering leadership and occupational burnout. Furthermore, the authors found that employee optimism and hardiness moderate the relationship between empowering leadership and occupational burnout. The result of moderated mediation analysis revealed that the indirect effect of empowering leadership on occupational burnout was weakening when employee optimism and hardiness level was high. The findings of this study declared that empowering leadership has adverse consequences on employees’ physical and psychological health that decrease the well-being and employee optimism and hardiness reduce that stress level and enhance the intrinsic motivational level. Top management of law enforcement institutions must focus especially on the psychological health of employees and provide climate and psychological training that mitigates the harmful consequences of empowering leadership. Also, the authors through this study respond to the calls of prior researches as slight researches have studied the negative consequences of empowering leadership.
Effect of Government Support on Entrepreneurial Culture: Moderating Role of Education Institutions Support in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Saleemullah , Shah Syed Imad
Published: March 2021

The significance of an entrepreneurial culture of a country in alleviating its social and economic issues is accepted by policymakers and emphasized by academics. The role of government in shaping entrepreneurial culture is little understood in the literature. This is especially true for emerging economies like Pakistan. Furthermore, the role of educational institutions in supporting such a culture has also not been adequately understood by the extant literature. This raises issues for policymakers in a country like Pakistan when it comes to taking entrepreneurial decisions. This study intends to examine the effect of government support on establishing an entrepreneurial culture along with the role of education institutions support acting as moderator. Data was gathered through a self-structured questionnaire from 1200 final year students of higher education institutions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) using the proportional allocation method. Simple regression and Process approach were used for data analysis. The findings reveal that government support has a significant positive effect on the entrepreneurial culture of Pakistan. Moreover, the educational institutions support significantly moderates the relationship between government support and entrepreneurial culture, thereby highlighting one of the underlying mechanisms through which the government may extend its influence for enabling an entrepreneurial culture. This research holds if the government and higher education institutions play their role in promoting an entrepreneurial culture, it will lead students towards a business-oriented approach to become entrepreneurs and job creators rather than job seekers.
The Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Stock Market: An Evidence from China and Pakistan
Authors: Alam Isbat , Mohsin Muhammad , Latif Khalid , -Rehman Muhammad Zia-ur
Published: March 2021

Silk Road is an ancient strategy of economic and trade routes development networks between emerging and developing economies (China & Pakistan). The main purpose of this research is to empirical inspect the association that exists among the China stock exchange (SSE), Pakistan Stock Exchange (KSE-100) with macroeconomic variables (Gross Domestic Product, Balance of Trade, Foreign Direct Investments, Lending interest rate, and Money Supply). The annual time series data from 1995 to 2019 used to find out the results. Macroeconomic variables have an essential role in any changes in every economy. Any unexpected variations amongst these variables influence the economy in several ways. Multiple regression techniques were analyzed and examine for the significance of data to approximate the probable impacts of variables on stock market prices. Breusch Godfrey Serial Correlation with heteroskedasticity assessment is utilized to investigate the correctness as well as residual normality of series data. The finding of this study exposed that GDP is negative significant 10% with SSE and 1% at level with KSE, FDI is insignificant with SSE. negative significant 10% at level with KSE and the result of BOT shows positive significant 5% at level with SSE while insignificant with KSE, M2 is significant 5% at level with SSE but insignificant with KSE and LI are shown statistically significant 1% at level with SSE While positive significant 10% with KSE. It is determined that it is significant and an insignificant relationship among the variables with both stock market returns. The financial analyst, policymaker appreciate these findings, investors, shareholder, stock exchange editors, security exchange supervisors as well as for the Government.
A Cross-sectional Study on Improving Privacy Policy Read Rate and Comprehension via Better UX/UI Design
Authors: Glorin SEBASTIAN
Published: March 2021

Data privacy is becoming one of the major risks faced by organizations. With the emergence of new technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Automated vehicles, mobile payments, privacy is no longer a compliance issue, but also a user responsibility to ensure users are aware of the risks of sharing personal data with third parties.
Analysis and Evaluation of Education Costs in Romania: Methods and Techniques
Authors: PAPP (MARINESCU) Anca Leontina
Published: March 2021

The cost of education may be the smallest monetary value belonging to the system inputs needed to reach a certain level of outputs. In order to understand the concept of cost of education, the notion of suitability of education must be understood in advance.
Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility Aspects Included in The Integrated Reports at OMV Petrom Group
Authors: PĂUNESCU (PETRE) Carmen Florentina , MAN Mariana
Published: March 2021

The need to make future-oriented rather than past information available to users has arisen due to the competitive environment and in the context of accelerating the globalization process. Organizations are required to develop new strategies to remain competitive in the long term.
Nuclear Proliferation and Pakistan
Authors: Leghari Farooque Ahmed , Hakro Humera , Kolachi Muhammad Ramzan
Published: March 2021

Pakistan, India, Israel in addition to North Korea became successful to get sensitive nuclear assistance from other nuclear weapon states and became successful nuclear weapon states. The major objective of this research is to know Pakistan’s nuclear path that what factors motivated it to get nuclear weapons. The qualitative methodology is used and secondary data is being analyzed with content analysis to get the findings. This article tries to look at nuclear proliferation and nuclear non-proliferation regimes to check out Pakistan’s nuclear path. The article finds three things. First, the sense of conventional military inferiority and insecurity against India led Pakistan to follow nuclear path. Second, the cold war in Afghanistan between the United States and the Soviet Union proved to be a blessing in disguise for Pakistan to fulfill its dream of becoming a nuclear weapon state. Third, Pakistan became successful to get sensitive nuclear assistance from the China. Pakistan became successful in achieving the milestone of getting the capability to manufacture nuclear weapons in 1980s era.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN KONSEP MANAJEMEN BERBASIS SEKOLAH DALAM PENGELOLAAN DANA BANTUAN SEKOLAH PADA SMK NEGERI 3 SEKAYU KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN
Authors: Endang Endang
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan konsep manajemen berbasis sekolah (MBS) dalam pengelolaan dana bantuan operasional sekolah (BOS) pada SMK Negeri 3 Sekayu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan cara menganalisis 7 prinsip pengelolaan dana BOS berdasarkan Petunjuk Teknis BOS SMK 2017. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer berupa hasil wawancara penulis dengan pengelola dana BOS, Bendahara, komite sekolah dan wali murid dan sekunder adalah Laporan Target dan Realisasi atas Pengelolaan Dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah SMK Negeri 3 Sekayu Tahun 2016 - 2018 Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Teknik analisis data dengan cara wawancara, dokumentasi dan studi pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan Dana BOS di SMK Negeri 3 Sekayu. Petunjuk Teknis yang berlaku. Prinsip transparan kurang tranparan, Prinsip demokratis dilaksanakan dengan baik. Prinsip efektif dan efisien dilaksanakan dengan efektif. Prinsip tertib administrasi dan pelaporan dilaksanakan kurang cukup baik. Prinsip saling percaya seharusnya dilaksanakan dengan baik karena untuk menjaga kepercayaan pihak sekolah dan wali siswa dapat memegang amanah dan komitmen yang ditujukan untuk membangun pendidikan yang lebih baik.