bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction to: Project management lessons learned from the multicentre CYCLE pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: McCaskell Devin S. , Molloy Alexander J. , Childerhose Laura , Costigan F. Aileen , Reid Julie C. , McCaughan Magda , Clarke France , Cook Deborah J. , Rudkowski Jill C. , Farley Christopher , Karachi Tim , Rochwerg Bram , Newman Anastasia , Fox-Robichaud Alison , Herridge Margaret S. , Lo Vincent , Feltracco Deanna , Burns Karen E. A. , Porteous Rebecca , Seely Andrew J. E. , Ball Ian M. , Seczek Amy , Kho Michelle E.
Published: October 2019

Following publication of the original article [1], we have been notified that one of the authors’ names is spelled incorrectly. In this Correction the incorrect and correct author name are shown.
Bee venom phospholipase A2 ameliorates amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 pathway in Tg2576 mice
Authors: Ham Hyeon Joo , Han Sang-Bae , Yun Jaesuk , Yeo In Jun , Ham Young Wan , Kim Se Hyun , Park Pil-Hoon , Choi Dong-Young , Hong Jin Tae
Published: October 2019

Background

Neuroinflammation and accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) play a significant role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our previous study demonstrated that signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) plays a major role in neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis.

Methods

In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of bee venom phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) on memory deficiency in Tg2576 mice, which demonstrate genetic characteristics of AD and the mechanism of its action at the cellular and animal level. For in vivo study, we examined the effect of bvPLA2 on improving memory by conducting several behavioral tests with the administration of bvPLA2 (1 mg/kg) to Tg2576 mice. For in vitro study, we examined the effect of bvPLA2 on amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation by treating bvPLA2 on LPS-activated BV2 cells.

Results

We found that bvPLA2 alleviated memory impairment in Tg2576 mice, as demonstrated in the behavioral tests assessing memory. In the bvPLA2-treated group, Aβ, amyloid precursor protein (APP), and β-secretase 1 (BACE1) levels and β-secretase activity were significantly decreased. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-related proteins decreased in the brain of bvPLA2-treated group, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines increased. In addition, bvPLA2 reduced STAT3 phosphorylation in the brains of the bvPLA2-treated group. At the cellular level, bvPLA2 inhibits production of nitric oxide, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inflammation-related proteins including p-STAT3. Additionally, bvPLA2 inhibits the production of Aβ in cultured BV-2 cells. Results from the docking experiment, pull-down assay, and the luciferase assay show that bvPLA2 directly binds STAT3 and, thus, regulates gene expression levels. Moreover, when the STAT3 inhibitor and bvPLA2 were administered together, the anti-amyloidogenic and anti-inflammatory effects were further enhanced than when they were administered alone.

Conclusion

These results suggest that bvPLA2 could restore memory by inhibiting the accumulation of Aβ and inflammatory responses via blockage of STAT3 activity.
Impact of marginalization on tobacco use in individuals diagnosed with head and neck Cancer
Authors: Scott Grace Margaret , Best Corliss , Fung Kevin , Gupta Michael , Sommer Doron D. , Szeto Christopher , Micomonaco Damian Christopher
Published: October 2019

Background

Considerable evidence now indicates that individuals living in underprivileged neighbourhoods have higher rates of mortality and morbidity independent of individual-level characteristics. This study explored the impact of geographical marginalization on smoking cessation in a population of individuals with a diagnosis of head and neck cancer. The aims of this study were twofold: (1) assess the prevalence of smoking cessation in those with a previous diagnosis of head and neck cancer, (2) analyze the determinants of smoking alongside area-based measures of socioeconomic status.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study. We administered a self-reported nicotine dependence package to participants between the ages of 20–90 with a previous mucosal head and neck cancer diagnosis and with a history of tobacco use. Using the Canadian Marginalization (CAN-Marg) Index tool based on 2006 Canada Census data we compared the degree of marginalization to the smoking status. For those individuals who were currently smoking, nicotine dependence and readiness to quit were assessed. A summative score of marginalization was compared to smoking status of individuals.

Results

The results from this study indicate that the summative level of marginalization developed from the combined factors of residential instability, material deprivation, ethnic concentration and dependency may be important factors in smoking cessation.

Conclusions

This analysis of determinants of smoking alongside area-based measures of socioeconomic status may implicate the need for targeted population-based smoking cessation interventions.
Characterization of a Mahamayuri Vidyarajni Sutra excavated in Lu’an, China
Authors: Liu Liu , Gong Decai , Yao Zhengquan , Xu Liangjie , Zhu Zhanyun , Eckfeld Tonia
Published: October 2019

Historically, sutras played an important role in spreading Buddhist faith and doctrine, and today these remain important records of Buddhist thought and culture. A Mahamayuri Vidyarajni Sutra with polychrome paintings was found inside the cavity on top of the Nanmen Buddhist pagoda, built in the early Tang dynasty (618–627 CE) and located in Anhui Province, China. Textile was found on the preface which is strongly degraded and fragile. Unfortunately, the whole sutra is under severe degradation and is incomplete. Technical analysis based on scientific methods will benefits the conservation of the sutra. Optical microscopy (OM), micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with optical microscope (Raman), scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the pigment and gilded material, as well as the paper fiber and textile. Pigments such as cinnabar, minium, paratacamite, azurite, lead white were found. Gilded material was identified as gold. A five-heddle warp satin, made of silk, was found as the textile on the preface of the sutra. The sutra’s preface and inner pages were made of paper comprised of bamboo and bark. As a magnificent yet recondite treasure of Buddhism, the sutra was analyzed for a better understanding of the material. A conservation project of the sutra will be scheduled accordingly.
Origin of the seismic belt in the San-in district, southwest Japan, inferred from the seismic velocity structure of the lower crust
Authors: Tsuda Hiroo , Iio Yoshihisa , Shibutani Takuo
Published: October 2019

A long linear distribution of epicenters is seen along the Japan Sea coast in the San-in district located in southwestern Japan. This linear distribution of epicenters is called the seismic belt in the San-in district. The localization of intraplate earthquakes in the San-in district, far from plate boundaries, is not well understood. To answer this question, we look at the seismic velocity structure of the lower crust beneath the San-in district using seismic travel-time tomography. Our results show the existence of a low-velocity anomaly in the lower crust beneath the seismic belt. We infer that the deformation was concentrated in the low-velocity zone due to compressive stress caused by the subduction of oceanic plates, that stress concentration occurred just above the low-velocity zone, and that the seismic belt was therefore formed there. We also calculated the cutoff depths of shallow intraplate earthquakes in the San-in district. Based on the results, we consider the possible causes of the low-velocity anomaly in the lower crust beneath the seismic belt. We found that the cutoff depths of the intraplate earthquakes were shallower in the eastern part of the low-velocity zone in the lower crust beneath the seismic belt and deeper in the western part. Thus, the eastern part is likely to be hotter than the western part. We inferred that the eastern part was hot because a hot mantle upwelling approaches the Moho discontinuity below it and the resulting high temperature may be the main cause of the low-velocity anomaly. On the other hand, in the western part, we inferred that the temperature is not high because the mantle upwelling may not exist at shallow depth, and water dehydrated from the Philippine Sea plate reaches the lower crust, and the existence of this water may be the main cause of the low-velocity anomaly.
Perceptions of health professionals regarding minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) to identify the cause of death in stillbirths and neonates: results from a qualitative study
Authors: Feroz Anam , Ali Anum Shiraz , Ibrahim Mohsina Noor , McClure Elizabeth M. , Tikmani Shiyam Sunder , Reza Sayyeda , Abbasi Zahid , Raza Jamal , Yasmin Haleema , Bano Khadija , Zafar Afia , Siddiqi Sameen , Goldenberg Robert L. , Saleem Sarah
Published: October 2019

Background

Pakistan is considered to be one of the riskiest places in the world for childbirth as measured by its high stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates. Complete diagnostic autopsy remains the gold standard to determine the cause of death (CoD); however, it is not routinely implemented due to religious objections, sociocultural beliefs, limited resources and low demand from physicians and families. Recently, minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) using needle biopsies of multiple tissues to obtain tissue for histological examination and organism identification with PCR has been developed and promoted to determine CoD in low-resource areas. To ensure successful implementation of MITS, it is important to understand health professionals’ attitudes and perceptions related to MITS.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted at the National Institute of Child Health (NICH), Karachi, Pakistan. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and Key-informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with health professionals including doctors, nurses, trainees, clinicians, bioethics experts and public health experts to explore their perceptions and views on acceptability of MITS. Data were analyzed using NVivo 10 software.

Results

A total of 12 interviews (FGDs = 4; KIIs = 8) were conducted. Four overarching themes were identified: (I) acceptability of MITS; (II) perceived benefits of the MITS procedure; (III) factors facilitating the implementation of MITS; and (IV) health system requirements for implementing the MITS procedure. Generally, MITS was considered as a positive development for the health system. Diagnostic accuracy and identification of less common causes of death were highlighted as two main benefits of the MITS procedure. The study highlighted a number of facilitators for the acceptability of MITS including effective counseling, building trust with parents, fast procedure time, and approaching families within a few hours of death. In addition, lack of skilled staff, poorly equipped healthcare facilities and the potential high cost to conduct MITS were identified as challenges for the implementation of MITS.

Conclusions

This formative research provided a unique opportunity to explore health professionals’ views and attitudes towards the MITS procedure. Such insights are crucial to ensure successful implementation and integration of a new technique into the existing health system. The research identified the factors influencing the acceptability of MITS among health professionals in Pakistan. The study also informed factors that could help facilitate the implementation of the MITS procedures in the context of Pakistan and similar settings.
Position paper: ability to drive in cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Marx Peter , Hamann Gerhard , Busse Otto , Mokrusch Thomas , Niemann Hendrik , Vatter Hartmut , Widder Bernhard
Published: October 2019

The regulations for fitness to drive after a cerebrovascular accident in the German Driving License Regulations (FeV) and the German Evaluation Guidelines for Driving Ability (BGL). are not up to date with the current medical knowledge and not consistent with regulations regarding cardiovascular diseases.

This position paper presented by six medical and neuropsychological societies in Germany provides a guideline for the assessment of driving ability after diagnosis of a cerebrovascular disease and addresses three major questions:

If there is a functional limitation, how can it be compensated for?

What is the risk of sudden loss of control while driving in the future?

Are there behavioral or personality changes or cognitive deficiencies interfering with safety while driving?

Recommendations for the assessment of driving ability in different cerebrovascular diseases are presented.

This article is a translation of the position paper published in Nervenarzt: Marx, P., Hamann, G.F., Busse, O. et al. Nervenarzt 90(4): 388–398.
Impact of water saturation on the elastic anisotropy of the Whitby Mudstone, United Kingdom
Authors: Douma Lisanne A. N. R. , Dautriat Jeremie , Sarout Joel , Dewhurst David N. , Barnhoorn Auke
Published: October 2019

Mudstones are often anisotropic, which complicates depth conversion in seismic exploration and monitoring subsurface reservoirs during injection or production. In addition, the physical and mechanical properties of mudstones are highly sensitive to their water content. The elastic anisotropy of mudstones is not well understood because of their complex nature and the lack of laboratory experiments performed on well-preserved samples. Triaxial deformation tests were performed on mudstone core plugs to investigate the impact of water saturation on the elastic anisotropy of the Whitby Mudstone (United Kingdom). The mechanical and physical properties of the Whitby Mudstone were estimated from stress-strain and ultrasonic wave velocity data obtained on core plugs with different water saturations under isotropic and anisotropic stress conditions. The Whitby Mudstone has extremely high intrinsic elastic anisotropy (0.3–0.4) due to its composition and lamination. This elastic anisotropy increases with decreasing water content. There are three competing mechanisms that play a key role in the anisotropy increase due to dehydration such as (1) density contrast in the pore space (i.e., the presence of purely brine or a mixture of brine and air in the pore space), (2) formation of dehydration fractures, and (3) frame stiffening. Increasing the mean effective stress leads to a decrease in Thomsen’s anisotropy parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] because of the closure of defects, such as natural and dehydration fractures, and the formation of stress-induced fractures. The relationship between the wavefront anellipticity factor [Formula: see text] and the mean effective stress is nonmonotonic and can be related to the onset of inelastic deformation.
Two-station continuous wavelet transform cross-coherence analysis for surface-wave tomography using active-source seismic data
Authors: Ikeda Tatsunori , Tsuji Takeshi
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Surface-wave tomography has great potential to improve the lateral resolution of near-surface characterization compared to 2D surface-wave analysis with multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). Surface-wave tomography has been widely applied to obtain high-resolution maps of phase or group velocity from dispersion curves between pairs of stations in seismological studies. However, very few studies have done surface-wave tomography with active-source (exploration) seismic data, probably because extracting surface-wave dispersion curves between two stations is difficult due to the complex wave propagation in heterogeneous near-surface structures. Here, we describe a method to estimate reliable phase-velocity dispersion curves between two stations from exploration seismic data. In our approach, we compute cross coherences between pairs of stations to extract phase information, stacking the cross coherences from different shot gathers to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. To further distinguish surface-wave signals from noise in the time domain, we perform a time-frequency analysis using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) on the stacked cross coherences. We used modeling of the wavelet transform between station pairs to extract phase-velocity dispersion curves from the stacked cross coherences. We apply this two-station CWT cross-coherence method to synthetic and field data sets. Both applications demonstrate that our method can extract stable phase-velocity dispersion curves between two stations better than two-station or multistation analysis without time-domain filtering. In phase-velocity distributions constructed by surface-wave tomography from the dispersion curves between two stations, the horizontal resolution is improved over MASW-based analyses. Improvement of the horizontal resolution is also achieved in S-wave velocity structures derived by inversion of the phase-velocity distributions. Our method is effective in estimating reliable phase-velocity dispersion curves and may contribute to constructing high-resolution S-wave velocity models located with a laterally heterogeneous structure, by subsequent surface-wave tomography and S-wave velocity inversion.
Depositional characteristics of fluvial facies in gentle slope zone of lacustrine rift basins: The third member of the Dongying Formation in the Wen’an Slope of Baxian Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Zili , Zhu Xiaomin , Li Qi , Zhang Ruifeng , Zhang Jing , Huang Yi
Published: October 2019

We have integrated core, well logs, and seismic data to analyze fluvial types and reconstruct sediment dispersal patterns of the Dongying Formation in the Wen’an Slope, Bohai Bay Basin (China). We analyzed four meandering-braided fluvial successions from the Dongying Formation in the Wen’an Slope. The results indicate that the fluvial systems are dominantly northeast–southwest and consist of channel, channel bar, and flood plain subfacies, which can be further subdivided into six microfacies including braided channel, meandering channel, sandy channel bar, muddy channel bar, crevasse fan, and floodplain. With a paleoflow direction, [Formula: see text] ranges from 40° to 65°, the river belt width [Formula: see text] is estimated to be 1.47–2.64 km, whereas the main channel width varies from 0.02 to 0.29 km and its thickness/bankfull depth [Formula: see text] ranges from 1.2 to 6.4 m. The differential subsidence of rift basin during fault-depression transition period is the main control on fluvial evolution and sand body distribution. The climatic effect causes changes in river flow. During the flood season, river flow and flow rate are large, and early sediments and sand bodies are reconstructed. Lateral erosion and undercutting are very strong in this period. In the dry season, the river is dominated by weak lateral erosion. Our study also suggests that the development of thick mudstone in the upslope may limit hydrocarbon charging and migration and thick channel and channel bar deposits in the middle and downslope cross cut by faults, which are conduits for migration are likely to be the most potential reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin.
Fertility and Pregnancy in Women With Hypopituitarism: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Vila Greisa , Fleseriu Maria
Published: October 2019

Context

Human reproduction is mainly governed from the hypothalamic–adrenal–gonadal (HPG) axis, which controls both ovarian morphology and function. Disturbances in the secretion of other anterior pituitary hormones (and their respective endocrine axes) interfere with HPG activity and have been linked to fertility problems. In normal pregnancy, maintenance of homeostasis is associated with continuous changes in pituitary morphology and function, which need to be considered during hormone replacement in patients with hypopituitarism.

Design

We conducted a systematic PubMed literature review from 1969 to 2019, with the following keywords: fertility and hypopituitarism, pregnancy and hypopituitarism, and ovulation induction and hypopituitarism. Case reports or single-case series of up to 2 patients/4 pregnancies were excluded.

Results

Eleven publications described data on fertility (n = 6) and/or pregnancy (n = 7) in women with hypopituitarism. Women with hypopituitarism often need assisted reproductive treatment, with pregnancy rates ranging from 47% to 100%. In patients achieving pregnancy, live birth rate ranged from 61% to 100%. While glucocorticoids, levothyroxine, and desmopressin are safely prescribed during pregnancy, growth hormone treatment regimens vary significantly between countries, and several publications support a positive effect in women seeking fertility.

Conclusions

In this first systematic review on fertility, ovulation induction, and pregnancy in patients with hypopituitarism, we show that while literature is scarce, birth rates are high in patients achieving pregnancy. However, prospective studies are needed for evaluating outcomes in relationship to treatment patterns. Replacement therapy in hypopituitarism should always mimic normal physiology, and this becomes challenging with changing demands during pregnancy evolution.
Impact of the Addition of Examples to the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System
Authors: Fielding-Singh Vikram , Willingham Mark D. , Grogan Tristan , Neelankavil Jacques P.
Published: October 2019

Examples of comorbidities for the widely used American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS) classification system were developed and approved in 2014. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with 4 comorbidities included in the examples as warranting a specific minimum ASA-PS class. For each comorbidity subgroup, we used interrupted time-series models to compare ASA-PS underclassification for the periods before (2011–2014) and after (2015–2017) the introduction of examples. Rates of underclassification ranged from 4.8% to 38.7%. We observed no evidence of a significant impact on ASA-PS classification with the introduction of examples in 2014.
Geographic Distribution and Change in Tang Poetry: Data Analysis from the “Chronological Map of Tang-Song Literature”
Authors: Zhaopeng Wang , Junjun Qiao
Published: October 2019

This article uses data to analyze the geographic distribution and transformation of the poetic world in the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE). There are two ways we can examine spatial distribution and movement in Tang poetry. The first is a static examination of poets' hometowns (jiguan 籍貫). This method looks at the distribution of poets during a specific period to understand where greater or lesser numbers of poets were born, which places could be considered the center of Tang poetry, and what kinds of geographical changes occurred over time in the Tang literary world. The second is a dynamic examination of poets' activities. When we compare various Tang poets, what differences and changes can we find in the places they lived and traveled? Are the poets' spatial distribution patterns even, or do they favor certain regions? Where were the centers of poetic activity in this period? Were they the same as the political center (the two capitals), or were they located farther out in the provinces? Were they in culturally or politically developed areas or in more remote, less developed ones? In which areas was poetic activity most frequent and intense? This article attempts to answer these questions with data.
Cachexia Disrupts Diurnal Regulation of Activity, Feeding, and Muscle Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 in Mice
Authors: COUNTS BRITTANY R. , HARDEE JUSTIN P. , FIX DENNIS K. , VANDERVEEN BRANDON N. , MONTALVO RYAN N. , CARSON JAMES A.
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Cancer cachexia is characterized by severe skeletal muscle mass loss, which is driven by decreased muscle protein synthesis and increased protein degradation. Daily physical activity and feeding behaviors exhibit diurnal fluctuations in mice that can impact the systemic environment and skeletal muscle signaling.

Purpose

We investigated the effect of cancer cachexia on the diurnal regulation of feeding, physical activity, and skeletal muscle mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in tumor-bearing mice. We also examined the impact of increased physical activity on diurnal behaviors and skeletal muscle mTROC1 signaling in the cancer environment.

Methods

Physical activity and feeding behaviors were measured for four consecutive days before sacrifice in male C57BL/6 (B6; n = 24) and ApcMin/+
(MIN; n = 22) mice at 7:00 am and 7:00 pm under ad libitum condition. A subset of B6 (n = 16) and MIN (n = 19) mice were given wheel access for 2 wk before diurnal behavior measurements. Gastrocnemius muscle protein expression was examined.

Results

The MIN mice demonstrated altered diurnal fluctuations in feeding and activity compared with the B6. Interestingly, cachexia did not alter MIN total food intake, but dramatically reduced cage physical activity. As a measurement of mTORC1 activity, 4E-BP1 phosphorylation increased after the dark cycle in B6 and precachectic MIN mice, whereas rpS6 phosphorylation was only increased after the dark cycle in MIN mice. MIN 4E-BP1 phosphorylation at the end of the light cycle was significantly correlated with cachexia progression and reduced physical activity. Voluntary wheel running increased light cycle MIN 4E-BP1 phosphorylation and attenuated muscle mass loss.

Conclusions

The cancer environment can alter diurnal feeding and physical activity behaviors in tumor-bearing mice, which are linked to the progression of cachexia and muscle wasting. Furthermore, suppressed physical activity during cachexia is associated with decreased skeletal muscle mTORC1 signaling.
Comparison of the participation rate between CT colonography and colonoscopy in screening population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhu He , Li Fudong , Tao Ke , Wang Jing , Scurlock Carissa , Zhang Xiaofei , Xu Hong
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To compare the participation rate between CT colonography (CTC) and colonoscopy in screening population in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods:

A search was performed using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. RCTs that included screening populations and reported participation number were assessed. Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the bias and quality. Risk ratio (RR) was used to present the results. The non-participation rate was analyzed to verify the results of participation rate.

Results:

Five of 760 studies, with a total of 15,974 invitees, were included. The participation rate was higher at CTC (28.8%) than colonoscopy (20.8%), although the difference did not reach statistical significance (RR = 1.26; p = 0.070; I2 = 90.3%). The non-participation rate at CTC was significantly lower than colonoscopy (RR = 0.92; p = 0.012; I2 = 86.7%). Subgroup analysis suggested both the participation and non-participation rate were with significant difference between reduced/no cathartic preparation CTC and colonoscopy. Cumulative meta-analysis showed both the participation rate and non-participation rate exhibited a trend over time and sample size.

Conclusion:

The participation rate was higher at CTC than colonoscopy, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. But the non-participation rate was with statistical difference. Screening population seemed more likely to participate the reduced/no cathartic preparation CTC. Statistical evidence was provided for more large RCTs are needed in the future.

Advances in knowledge:

The screening populations seem more likely to participate in the CTC, especially the reduced/no cathartic preparation CTC. The statistical evidence was provided for more large RCTs are needed in the future.
An RNA guanine quadruplex regulated pathway to TRAIL-sensitization by DDX21
Authors: McRae Ewan K.S. , Dupas Steven J. , Booy Evan P. , Piragasam Ramanaguru S. , Fahlman Richard P. , McKenna Sean A.
Published: October 2019

DDX21 is a newly discovered RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) binding protein with no known biological rG4 targets. In this study we used label-free proteomic MS/MS to identify 26 proteins that are expressed at significantly different levels in cells expressing an rG4-binding deficient DDX21 (M4). MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013501. From this list we validate MAGED2 as a protein that is regulated by DDX21 through rG4 in its 5′-UTR. MAGED2 protein levels, but not mRNA levels, are reduced by half in cells expressing DDX21 M4. MAGED2 has a repressive effect on TRAIL-R2 expression that is relieved under these conditions, resulting in elevated TRAIL-R2 mRNA and protein in MCF-7 cells, rendering them sensitive to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Our work identifies the role of DDX21 in regulation at the translational level through biologically relevant rG4 and shows that MAGED2 protein levels are regulated, at least in part, by the potential to form rG4 in their 5′-UTRs.
Barriers and enablers to screening and diagnosing depression and diabetes distress in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus; protocol of a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: McGrath Niamh , McHugh Sheena , Kearney Patricia M. , Toomey Elaine
Published: October 2019

Background: Depression and diabetes distress are common in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). These conditions are independently associated with poorer T2DM outcomes and increased healthcare utilisation and costs. Questions remain regarding the most appropriate ways of initially detecting depression and diabetes distress in this group. Diabetes guidelines recommend depression screening in primary care for people with T2DM but their implementation in practice is suboptimal. As health care professionals influence detection practices, their perceptions and experiences of these guidelines can improve understanding of aspects of the guidelines that work, and those which are more difficult to implement in practice. This study describes the protocol for a qualitative evidence synthesis of primary care health professionals’ perceived barriers and enablers to screen for and diagnose depression and diabetes distress in people with T2DM.

Methods and analysis: Primary qualitative and mixed method studies will be identified using a systematic search of electronic databases and the CLUSTER (Citations, Lead authors, Unpublished materials, Scholar searches, Theories, Early examples, Related projects) approach. We selected ‘best-fit framework synthesis’ as the approach to synthesise primary data using the RETREAT (Review question-Epistemology-Time/Timescale-Resources-Expertise-Audience and purpose-Type of Data) framework. Quality appraisal of primary studies and confidence in the overall review findings will be determined using the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) and the GRADE-CERQual (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research), respectively.

Discussion: The planned review will provide the first, single point of reference of the available synthesised qualitative evidence on this topic. It will apply recommended approaches to ensure rigor and robustness of study and contribute meaningfully to understanding of how depression and diabetes distress can be initially detected in people with T2DM. This protocol is awaiting processing by the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) [ID number 145483].
On Synchronous, Asynchronous, and Randomized Best-Response Schemes for Stochastic Nash Games
Authors: Lei Jinlong , Shanbhag Uday V. , Pang Jong-Shi , Sen Suvrajeet
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we consider a stochastic Nash game in which each player minimizes a parameterized expectation-valued convex objective function. In deterministic regimes, proximal best-response (BR) schemes have been shown to be convergent under a suitable spectral property associated with the proximal BR map. However, a direct application of this scheme to stochastic settings requires obtaining exact solutions to stochastic optimization problems at each iteration. Instead, we propose an inexact generalization of this scheme in which an inexact solution to the BR problem is computed in an expected-value sense via a stochastic approximation (SA) scheme. On the basis of this framework, we present three inexact BR schemes: (i) First, we propose a synchronous inexact BR scheme where all players simultaneously update their strategies. (ii) Second, we extend this to a randomized setting where a subset of players is randomly chosen to update their strategies while the other players keep their strategies invariant. (iii) Third, we propose an asynchronous scheme, where each player chooses its update frequency while using outdated rival-specific data in updating its strategy. Under a suitable contractive property on the proximal BR map, we proceed to derive almost sure convergence of the iterates to the Nash equilibrium (NE) for (i) and (ii) and mean convergence for (i)–(iii). In addition, we show that for (i)–(iii), the generated iterates converge to the unique equilibrium in mean at a linear rate with a prescribed constant rather than a sublinear rate. Finally, we establish the overall iteration complexity of the scheme in terms of projected stochastic gradient (SG) steps for computing an [Formula: see text]-NE2(or [Formula: see text]-NE∞) and note that in all settings, the iteration complexity is [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] in the context of (i), and c > 0 represents the positive cost of randomization in (ii) and asynchronicity and delay in (iii). Notably, in the synchronous regime, we achieve a near-optimal rate from the standpoint of solving stochastic convex optimization problems by SA schemes. The schemes are further extended to settings where players solve two-stage stochastic Nash games with linear and quadratic recourse. Finally, preliminary numerics developed on a multiportfolio investment problem and a two-stage capacity expansion game support the rate and complexity statements.
Benedicto XIV, lector de Feijoo: un episodio de la recepción italiana del Teatro crítico universal
Authors: San José Vázquez Eduardo
Published: October 2019

Este artículo estudia la historia de la recepción italiana de Benito Jerónimo Feijoo a partir de uno de sus episodios señalados: la cita que el papa Benedicto XIV hace del discurso feijoniano «Música de los templos» (Teatro crítico universal, tomo I, 1726) en la encíclica Annus qui (1749). Analiza, asimismo, las implicaciones de este episodio en el marco de las polémicas entre Feijoo y sus contradictores, señaladamente Francisco Soto y Marne. Entre varias posibilidades, el artículo justifica la opción del cardenal Angelo Maria Quirini como transmisor real de la obra de Feijoo a Benedicto XIV.
Intercambios estético-culturales entre España e Italia en el siglo XVIII: la relación entre José Nicolás de Azara y Giambattista Bodoni
Authors: López Souto Noelia
Published: October 2019

La estancia del diplomático José Nicolás de Azara en Roma en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII resultó trascendental para las relaciones político-culturales entre España e Italia, en especial gracias a su amistad y colaboración estético-editorial con el célebre tipógrafo Giambattista Bodoni, afincado en Parma. En este trabajo se da cuenta de la relevante presencia de Azara en el catálogo de este maestro neoclásico de la imprenta, y trata de analizarse el trasvase de ideas estéticas del intelectual español al italiano. Esta influencia se conceptualiza en una serie de puntos que no solo afectan a la producción bodoniana, sino que explican su conseguida poética editorial de la sobriedad. Esta se consolidó, de hecho, entre 1791 y 1794 mediante la  colección de clásicos latinos que ambos amigos, Azara y Bodoni, ofrecieron para el público bibliófilo de su siglo.
Injuria, reputación y conflicto en las calles de Bilbao en la Edad Moderna
Authors: Mendieta Eva
Published: October 2019

Este trabajo examina la importancia de la injuria verbal como factor desestabilizador de la vida comunitaria en el Bilbao de los siglos modernos. La abundancia de querellas por injurias en la villa pone de relieve la seriedad con que se tomaban estas ofensas y su efectividad para comprometer la reputación del individuo. La sociedad vizcaína reaccionó ante esta situación estigmatizando las actuaciones verbales que creaban escándalos y alborotos. La persona ideal era la quieta y pacífica, alejada del desorden social a que daba lugar el uso de palabras injuriosas. En el análisis se ha tenido en cuenta el papel que tuvo la alta densidad demográfica del Bilbao de estos siglos, en el origen y la resolución de los conflictos por injurias.
Prensa y «desastres» en el Mercurio Histórico y Político (1738-1783)
Authors: Berná Ortigosa Antonio Manuel
Published: October 2019

Los trabajos vinculados al clima y a los desastres de origen natural están siendo objeto de atención en la investigación histórica. Una fuente idónea para esta tarea es la prensa periódica. Muchas de las cabeceras del siglo XVIII permiten conocer las catástrofes climáticas y naturales; cómo eran descritas, interpretadas y asumidas por las sociedades modernas, ofreciendo información acerca del clima, de la naturaleza y de la meteorología. El Mercurio Histórico y Político (1738-1783) fue un periódico oficial de la Monarquía Española. Este trabajo expone los resultados del vaciado de los contenidos de dicha cabecera, contribuyendo a ampliar sus características y alcance, proponiendo una metodología de análisis adaptada al caso.
Small Opening, Big Problem: Esophageal Food Bolus Impaction and Microstomia
Authors: Madhu Mathew , Mbachi Chimezie , Aisien Efesomwan , Attar Bashar , Kotwal Vikram
Published: October 2019

Patients presenting to the hospital with esophageal food bolus impaction often need urgent upper endoscopy. However, patients with trismus and microstomia can pose a real challenge because endoscopic access in these patients can be difficult. We present a unique transoral endoscopic approach for esophageal food bolus disimpaction in a patient with microstomia and trismus resulting from chronic graft-vs-host disease.
Colorectal Cancer Risks According to Sex Differences in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Korean Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Ji Min , Lee Kang-Moon , Kim Dae Bum , Ko Seung-Hyun , Park Yong Gyu
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Developing colorectal cancer (CRC) poses challenges for patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated CRC risk factors in patients with T2DM.

METHODS:

We retrospectively collected data from the National Health Insurance Corporation database, comprising approximately 97% of the Korean population. T2DM and CRC were defined according to International Classification of Disease codes (10th Revision) and claims data. Obesity was defined using body mass index (BMI); abdominal obesity was defined according to waist circumference. Other variables were defined using demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data.

RESULTS:

Overall, 2,591,149 patients with T2DM were analyzed. During the follow-up period (median, 5.4 years), 24,236 CRC cases were identified. Aging (≥70 years), male sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and insulin and/or sulfonylurea use were significant risk factors for CRC. In males, smoking and alcohol consumption were more likely to lead to CRC, whereas a BMI increase was a more significant risk factor in females. Females with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and abdominal obesity were associated with an 18% increased risk of CRC compared with patients with normal weight and normal waist circumference (hazard ratio = 1.184, 95% confidence interval 1.123–1.25), whereas male patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and abdominal obesity were associated with an 8% increased risk (hazard ratio = 1.087, 95% confidence interval 1.049–1.127).

DISCUSSION:

Patients had CRC risk factors that differed according to sex. Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption were risks of CRC in males. Female patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and abdominal obesity were at a higher risk of developing CRC than males.
Wie viel Drache braucht ein Held?
Authors: Schindler Andrea
Published: October 2019

Drachenbilder variieren von Zeit zu Zeit, von Kultur zu Kultur. Entsprechend wandeln sich auch Aussehen und Funktion und damit auch die Bezeichnung von Drachen in der deutschsprachigen Literatur von Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart. Während etwa mit Nomina wie wurm oder slange das Schlangenartige der Drachengestalt im Mittelhochdeutschen in den Vordergrund rückt, finden sich umgekehrt wenig Beispiele, in denen Drachen Schätze hüten oder Jungfrauen rauben. Anhand von Beispielen aus der mittelalterlichen deutschsprachigen Literatur wird die vielfältige Einsetzbarkeit des Erzählkerns »Drache« aufgezeigt, der häufig mit der »Entwicklung« des Helden und seiner Identität verbunden wird und im Zusammenspiel von Drachen und Drachentöter im Drachenkampf zahlreiche Spielarten zulässt.
Sexueller Exzeptionalismus
Authors: Dietze Gabriele
Published: October 2019

Ein zentrales Motiv der Abwehr von Migration insbesondere aus islamisch geprägten Ländern ist die Annahme einer generellen sexuellen Rückständigkeit und Gefährlichkeit von Migrant_innen. Dem setzt der dominante Diskurs eine überlegene okzidentale sexuelle Moderne entgegen - einen »sexuellen Exzeptionalismus«. Gabriele Dietze dekonstruiert diese sexualpolitisch fokussierte Charakterisierung von Migration als Strategie, die eine emotionalisierte ›Politik der Angst‹ nutzt, um einen ethno-nationalistischen Diskurs voranzutreiben. Sie stellt damit ein neues Begriffsrepertoire zur Verfügung, das in die männlich dominierte Rechtspopulismusforschung interveniert.
Border Wall Aesthetics
Authors: Ganivet Elisa
Published: October 2019

30 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, we live in a time of globalization and free trade. Nevertheless, 70 new border walls have been built in this period - put together, they would cover the total circumference of the Earth. While governments offer manifold justifications for building these separation barriers, they invariably attract the attention of artists. Is it merely the lure of transgression, however, that attracts them - or is there a deeper significance in the artistic encounter with border walls? And which artistic strategies do these artists employ to approach them? In order to address these questions, Élisa Ganivet revisits the history of border wall aesthetics and compares more recent border-related works by 100 artists, including Joseph Beuys (Berlin), Banksy (Israel-Palestine), and Frida Kahlo (Mexico-US). Through art and thus beyond art, we understand the flaws and shortcomings of supposedly well-oiled systems. With a preface by Élisabeth Vallet.
Contentious Assemblages
Authors: Schritt Jannik
Published: October 2019

Jannik Schritt skizziert in seinem Beitrag das Konzept der »contentious assemblages«. Aufbauend auf einer erweiterten Fallstudie über urbane Aufstände um die Eröffnung einer Erdölraffinerie in Niger, wird gezeigt, dass Proteste heterogene sozio-technische Gefüge sind, die sich durch eine Verkettung von Ereignissen im Prozess bilden und wieder zerfallen. Der Beitrag bespricht dabei analytische Werkzeuge aus Assemblage- und Affekttheorie, einen Fokus auf politische Situationen und die erweiterte Fallmethode, um die Heterogenität, sozio-materielle Relationalität, Prozesshaftigkeit und Kontingenz von Protest aufzuzeigen, die mit den etablierten Theorien sozialer Bewegungen oft unterbelichtet bleiben.
Wie Stories zu History werden
Authors: Bergold Björn
Published: October 2019

Denken wir an Ereignisse der Zeitgeschichte, dann tauchen vor unserem geistigen Auge Bilder auf, die aus Spielfilmen stammen. Dass es sich dabei um Fiktionen handelt, die erzählerische Freiheiten genießen und doch zugleich Geschichte erzählen, stellt ihre Zuschauer_innen vor die entscheidende Frage: Handelt es sich um authentische Darstellungen der Geschichte? Björn Bergold untersucht mit seiner Studie erstmals, wie jugendliche Zuschauer_innen diese Frage am Beispiel des TV-Zweiteilers »Der Turm« für sich beantworten und wie dieser Prozess der Authentifizierung charakterisiert werden kann. Seine Ergebnisse gewähren einen Einblick, wie historische Film-Stories vom Publikum gesehen werden und wie Jugendliche sich medial vermittelt Geschichte aneignen.
»Hope dies - Action begins«: Stimmen einer neuen Bewegung
Authors:   Extinction Rebellion Hannover
Published: October 2019

»Hope dies - Action begins« - so lautet das Motto der neuen weltweiten Umweltbewegung »Extinction Rebellion« (XR). XR will uns alle dafür sensibilisieren, endlich radikale Maßnahmen gegen das gigantische Artensterben und die Klimakatastrophe zu ergreifen. In diesem Buch kommen XR-Aktivist*innen zu Wort, die XR-Forderungen, XR-Prinzipien & Werte und XR-Aktionen aus ihrer je eigenen Sichtweise erläutern. Dadurch sollen Leser*innen ermutigt werden, sich mit dieser Bewegung und ihren Zielen auseinanderzusetzen. XR bedeutet Rebellion für das Leben.
Ajuste protección de sobreexcitación ANSI 24 de un generador sincrónico para un relé Siemens 7UM62
Authors: Caicedo Delgado Nayiver Gladys , Andrade Alegria Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2019

Contexto: Las funciones de protección de un grupo generador-transformador deben garantizar su vida útil cuando se presenta una condición de operación anormal, de esta manera se mejora la confiabilidad del servicio de energía eléctrica en el sistema eléctrico de potencia. Cuando la relación V/Hz del grupo se incrementa puede presentarse saturación en el núcleo magnético, induciendo un flujo de dispersión en los componentes no laminados que no están diseñados para conducirlo y puede ocurrir un daño en segundos; razón por la cual, estas máquinas se protegen con la función de protección (FDP) ANSI 24.

Metodología: Este artículo presenta la teoría que justifica la implementación de la FDP ANSI 24 en un grupo generador-transformador y la metodología para calcular cada uno de sus parámetros de ajuste en un relé multifuncional Siemens 7UM62. La originalidad del artículo radica en que se explica su diagrama lógico de decisión de una manera clara y detallada, identificando las señales de entrada: ajustes, analógicas y binarias, y sus señales de salida. Este diagrama lógico se organizó en 3 subdiagramas para facilitar su comprensión e identificar las causas que originan sus salidas de alarmas, arranque, disparos o bloqueo.

Resultados: Se obtuvo el diagrama de decisión detallado de la FDP ANSI 24, se describieron los criterios de ajuste de entrada de cada uno de los parámetros de ajustes y un procedimiento detallado para calcular cada uno. También, se obtuvieron los resultados numéricos de todos los ajustes para el grupo generador-transformador de la Unidad 1 de la Central Hidroeléctrica de Salvajina.

Conclusiones: Se recomienda para una mayor precisión en los parámetros de ajuste obtener la característica de calentamiento V/Hz real o entregada por el fabricante de los equipos a proteger.