bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonexistence Results for the Korteweg–de Vries and Kadomtsev–Petviashvili Equations
Authors: Joshi Nalini , Petersen Johannes , Schubert Luke
Published: March 2003

We study characteristic Cauchy problems for the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation ut=uux+uxxx, and the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation uyy=(uxxx+uux+ut)x with holomorphic initial data possessing non‐negative Taylor coefficients around the origin. For the KdV equation with initial value u(0, x)=u0(x), we show that there is no solution holomorphic in any neighborhood of (t, x)=(0, 0) in C2 unless u0(x)=a0+a1x. This also furnishes a nonexistence result for a class of y‐independent solutions of the KP equation. We extend this to y‐dependent cases by considering initial values given at y=0, u(t, x, 0)=u0(x, t), uy(t, x, 0)=u1(x, t), where the Taylor coefficients of u0 and u1 around t=0, x=0 are assumed non‐negative. We prove that there is no holomorphic solution around the origin in C3, unless u0 and u1 are polynomials of degree 2 or lower. MSC 2000: 35Q53, 35B30, 35C10.
Initial Boundary Value Problems for Scalar and Vector Burgers Equations
Authors: Joseph K. T. , Sachdev P. L.
Published: March 2003

In this article we study Burgers equation and vector Burgers equation with initial and boundary conditions. First we consider the Burgers equation in the quarter plane x>0, t>0 with Riemann type of initial and boundary conditions and use the Hopf–Cole transformation to linearize the problems and explicitly solve them. We study two limits, the small viscosity limit and the large time behavior of solutions. Next, we study the vector Burgers equation and solve the initial value problem for it when the initial data are gradient of a scalar function. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of this solution as time tends to infinity and generalize a result of Hopf to the vector case. Then we construct the exact N‐wave solution as an asymptote of solution of an initial value problem extending the previous work of Sachdev et al. (1994). We also study the limit as viscosity parameter goes to 0.Finally, we get an explicit solution for a boundary value problem in a cylinder.
Nonhydraulic Effects in Particle‐Driven Gravity Currents in Deep Surroundings
Authors: Moodie T. B. , Pascal J. P.
Published: March 2003

In this article, we present an approach to modeling the flow of particle‐driven gravity currents produced by the sudden release of well‐mixed, fixed‐volume suspensions into deep surroundings. Our model accounts for the initial turbulent energy of mixing in the release volume, characteristic of the classical lock–release experiments, as well as the spatiotemporal variability in the driving buoyancy forces attributable to particle settling. We show that, in contrast to compositionally driven flows, particle‐driven flows cannot be described consistently in terms of shallow water theory. Specifically, we show that the presence of particles in the flow dynamics produces significant horizontal velocity shear, thereby changing the flow configuration in important ways from flows assumed to be governed by the shallow water equations. These new flow properties are calculated and contrasted with flow properties derived on the basis of the shallow water equations to show that the shallow water analysis misses dynamical features of the flow. We also show that our model provides significant improvement over the previous shallow water‐based models in predicting the experimentally determined deposition patterns associated with the lock–release experiments.
Pump Flow Solutions of the Navier–Stokes Equations
Authors: Öztekin A. , Seymour B. R. , Varley E.
Published: March 2003

Exact solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations are used to describe pump flows that involve the interaction of several different components. As an illustration of the general representations obtained, a detailed description is given of flows that involve both a swirl and a shear component. Such flows are common in the atmosphere. For example, they are produced in the core of a vortex as it moves over a horizontal surface into a region where the flow is sheared in a direction normal to the surface. Far from the surface, the vortex core translates in a direction parallel to the surface, and the flow asymptotes to that in an Ekman spiral. When the core rotates and translates with speeds that vary in time, the flow develops both updraft and downdraft regions.
The Role of Individual Education Plans/Programmes in Special Education: A Critique
Authors: Goddard Alan
Published: March 2003

In a scholarly way Alan Goddard examines individual education plans and their origins in behaviourist theory. It is an approach he firmly rejects on the grounds that this fragments learning and pupils’ experiences. He posits instead the constructivist position. His view that behaviourist objectives have run their course will raise an eyebrow or two. Nevertheless, there will be many who warm to his belief that education is more than a succession of hurdles that have to be systematically cleared.
Accessing Science: Challenges Faced by Teachers of Children with Learning Difficulties in Primary Schools
Authors: Bell Derek
Published: March 2003

Derek Bell reports on the early findings of a project which aims to address the needs of teachers who wish to access and develop scientific understanding of primary school children with moderate to severe learning difficulties. Traditionally, this group of children have been given little in the way of scientific problems to explore. However, Bell asserts that the contribution science can make to this and similar groups is significant, provided that approaches are properly conceived and systematically presented.
Une Question de Writing: A Comparative Study
Authors: Thomas Fiona
Published: March 2003

The advent of information technology may have gone some way towards downgrading the traditional skill of handwriting. Whatever the reason, there now appears to be some considerable concern over standards of legibility and presentation. Fiona Thomas’s research, via the Teacher Training Agency, into the French system casts light on how we might look again at this important skill area.
Helping readers who have fallen behind
Authors: Merrett Frank
Published: March 2003

Some 10 years ago an article was published in this journal describing an approach called Pause, Prompt and Praise (Wheldall, Merrett and Colmar 1987) for those who were making slow progress in reading. This involves using well‐structured procedures in one‐to‐one tutoring, using peers, teachers, parents or other adults as tutors. More recently, there has been a recognition that many pupils fail to reach expected standards in reading at Key Stage 2. Likewise, there are many students entering secondary schools who, although they can read simple texts, are not capable of reading reasonably quickly and with enough understanding to profit fully from the books with which they are asked to work at this stage. It seemed opportune at this time to remind teachers of these well‐researched and very successful remedial techniques and to describe some of the more recent practical studies and findings from research.
The Code in Action: Some School Perceptions of its User‐Friendliness
Authors: Bowers Tony , Dee Lesley , West Mel
Published: March 2003

The government's Green Paper is promising a revision of the Code of Practice in four years' time. The authors of this article have evaluated the impact of the Code, concentrating on three user groups, LEA staff, school staff and parents. The investigation encompasses fifteen local authorities. This is a substantial investigation which concludes that overall the Code has been well received by its users. However, there are identifiable areas that will need some modification.
Increasing Access to Modern Foreign Languages to Pupils with Special Educational Needs: a Neuropsychological Perspective
Authors: Robertson Jean
Published: March 2003

The question of access to modern foreign languages for all students continues to be a matter of debate, and sometimes dispute, between SENCOs, teachers and parents of children with SEN. Jean Robertson considers the implications of neuropsychology with regard to the student with SEN gaining access to modern foreign languages. The article looks at the task demands of second language learning and the contribution of the cerebral hemispheres to reading. Using insights from her research into the neuropsychology of dyslexia, Robertson makes a number of practical suggestions to help teachers and parents understand the issues more clearly and help students gain access to this important area of the curriculum.
Educating Mary: A Special Education Case Study in One Western Australian High School
Authors: Fernandez Miguel
Published: March 2003

In this article, Miguel Fernandez examines the integration of a female student with an intellectual disability into a mainstream high school in Western Australia. A major concern is to achieve, with limited educational support facilities, an inclusive placement that facilitates both academic requirements and life skills training. In what settings will she learn most effectively and what does she need to learn? In this context, the author suggests that given the similarities between UK and Australian special educational needs policies, both derived from the 1978 Warnock Report, threats to inclusion in the UK also apply in Western Australia.
‘Raising standards’ or rationing education? Racism and social justice in policy and practice
Authors: Gillborn David
Published: March 2003

In this article, David Gillborn considers the next round of educational reforms. His cogently argued analysis provides a timely reminder of the extent to which contemporary British education is institutionally racist. Unless, as he urges us, we examine the effects of actions and policies and not merely their intent, the future for inclusion looks bleak. In this context readers will find his critique of ‘tiering’ to be particularly apt.
Sociological perspectives on special and inclusive education
Authors: Tomlinson Sally
Published: March 2003

In this series, individuals with long and varied experience of special educational needs are invited to reflect on their careers, how they got where they did and what they think lies ahead.
What’s the problem? A guide to running a problem‐solving workshop for parents/carers of children with language and communication difficulties
Authors: Peck Dee
Published: March 2003

Although the guidance described in this article by Dee Peck has been designed for those working with the parents/carers of a particular group of children with special educational needs, the principles on which it is based, and its approach, gives it much wider applicability.
Excellence for all: able pupils in urban secondary schools
Authors: Lowe Hilary
Published: March 2003

This article traces the development of provision for able pupils in maintained schools and the agenda for Excellence in Cities schools. Case studies are used to illustrate the different and varied approaches taken by participating schools to meet the needs of their most able students.
Spreading the word: publishing special educational needs
Authors: Fulton David
Published: March 2003

David Fulton, having recently sold his company, David Fulton Publishers to Granada Learning, had time to talk to Caroline Roaf about his life, and the development of his interest in special education.
The Typology of Wh‐Movement, Wh‐Questions in Malay
Authors: Cole Peter , Hermon Gabriella
Published: March 2003

This article investigates the complex facts of Malay wh‐questions, and suggests a theory of how Malay wh‐questions fit into the typology of wh‐questions permitted by a Minimalist conception of Universal Grammar. The paper examines the principles that account for overt wh‐movement, wh‐in‐situ and partial wh‐movement in Malay. We argue that the apparent optionality seen in Malay reduces to whether, in the lexicon, a question word consists of an operator and variable combined in a single word, or of a variable bound by a separate, phonologically null operator. We then apply the analysis based on Malay to other languages (primarily, to Chinese and English), and show that the principles employed for Malay are sufficient to explain the variation in wh‐question formation among these languages.
On the Nature of Default Case
Authors: Schütze Carson T.
Published: March 2003

This paper presents arguments that Universal Grammar includes a notion of “default case” different from that which has generally been assumed in the literature. It comprises the case forms used to spell out nominals that do not receive a case specification by assignment or other syntactic means. As such, it does not interact with the Case Filter, which is argued to be a purely syntactic constraint as opposed to a morphophonological one. It is shown that diverse phenomena in the distribution of pronouns in English can be parsimoniously treated using default case, and further that English can thereby be assimilated to “richer” case languages such as German, rather than being analyzed with arbitrary language‐particular rules. A sampling of phenomena from other languages demonstrates that evidence for default case is widespread, and moreover, that crosslinguistic differences in case patterns can often be reduced to the choice of a default case.
Two‐Way Interactions — They're Top of the Pops
Authors: Simonite Vanessa
Published: March 2003

A helpful example of interaction in two‐wayanalysis of variance is described.
Investigating Randomness via Simulation Using the TI‐83
Authors: Johnson Roger W.
Published: March 2003

Most students do not have a good grasp of the consequences of randomness. Simulating random phenomena with unexpected outcomes sparks student interest and discussion when presenting probability topics in class. TI‐83 programs for simulating selected random phenomena are available from the author.
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Authors: Johnson Roger W.
Published: March 2003

This article presents bootstrap methods for estimation, using simple arguments. Minitab macros for implementing these methods are given.
Statistics Going to the Dogs
Authors: Clarke Stephen R. , Bedford Anthony B.
Published: March 2003

This article discusses a real‐life example of statistics in gambling.
Simulation in the Simple Linear Regression Model
Authors: Armero Carmen , Ferrándiz Juan
Published: March 2003

This article presents an activity which simulates the linear regression model in order to verify the probabilistic behaviour of the resulting least‐squares statistics in practice.
The Addition Property of Expectation – An Example to Convince
Authors: Dahl Henrik
Published: March 2003

This article describes an example that is designed to convince students of the addition property of expectation.
Review Essay: On Common Ground: World Religions in America
Authors: Williams Raymond Brady
Published: March 2003

Diana L. Eck and the Pluralism Project at Harvard University, On Common Ground: World Religiions in America
The Bible in African American Perspectives
Authors: Bellis Alice Ogden
Published: March 2003

This modified “note from the classroom” is a dialogue between two scholars about African American study of the Bible. Bellis introduces the subject by advocating the primacy of social location and the African American student's religious experience in the method that she uses in her classes. (Her sample bibliography, syllabus and course outline for teaching about the Bible in African American perspectives can be found on the Wabash Center web page: http://www.wabashcenter.wabash.edu.) Brown's response takes a different stance with regard to the relative importance for exegesis of historical‐critical method and the reader's social location. While Bellis and Brown agree on the appeal that the King James Version holds for many African Americans (but for different reasons), their differing assessments of translations, the distinctiveness of African American interpretations, and the ethnicity of Biblical characters models a lively discussion of issues in teaching and learning.
“Cyber” Barth
Authors: McKim Donald K.
Published: March 2003

This article describes a study of the theology of Karl Barth carried out by four students at Memphis Theological Seminary who used the Internet and e‐mail in addition to other means for learning. Dr. Donald K. McKim taught the class and here describes the way in which the class was structured, how students used the World Wide Web, a Newsgroup in which students participated, and their use of e‐mail to amplify discussion. McKim indicates the advantage of using these resources which introduced students to a “new world” of media and unique resources, linked them with others throughout the world who also had an interest in Barth, and provided an enhanced means of communication for the students with each other and with the professor. He also provides further reflections about the experience in relation to seminary teaching.
Adjusting the Religious Autobiography Course for the Postmodern Classroom
Authors: Ray Darby Kathleen
Published: March 2003

Religious autobiography as an introductory course is popular yet problematic. Often, it lacks methodological breadth and functions to ensconce Western notions of subjectivity which elide difference, locatedness, and the reality of multiple or shifting identifications. These problems can be addressed by incorporating into the course a community‐based learning exercise in which each student is paired with a local senior citizen, conducts a series of interviews with the elder, and then writes an (auto‐)biography based on the interviews. Students are thus given a real‐life situation in which to test the applicability of theories and definitions of religion, as well as a relationship to a subject whose locatedness and relatively unprivileged “I” allow for the problematization of autobiography as a genre as well as an appreciation for the contextual nature of religiosity. This exercise transforms the religious autobiography course into a pedagogically fruitful, intellectually defensible, and institutionally savvy introductory course.
Philosophical Hermeneutics and Theological Education
Authors: Teevan Donna
Published: March 2003

This article explores the resources that the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans‐Georg Gadamer can bring to the challenge of teaching theology to undergraduates. The author offers a sympathetic reading of Gadamer but is influenced by the insights of liberation theology. In this interpretation of his work, Gadamer's contribution lies in his emphases on intersubjectivity and on praxis as the goal of historically conscious understanding — and thus of historically conscious theological education. To suggest what philosophical hermeneutics can tell us about the process of teaching and learning in theology, this essay examines Gadamer's approach to historicity, conversation, truth, objectivity, subjectivity, practical wisdom, and praxis.
Western Theory, Indigenous Religion, and Local Material: Enhancing Learning Motivation among Students of Religious Studies in the Asian Context
Authors: Chan Shun‐hing
Published: March 2003

One of the difficulties in teaching religious studies in Asia is that many religious theories and case studies are closely related to Western countries and therefore the knowledge and teaching material have a strong Western cultural bias. The cultural differences make teaching rather difficult and, most importantly, lower students' motivation to learn. To deal with the problem, this researcher attempted to introduce material on indigenous religions in various subjects in order to test whether such material would enhance student motivation. The material included newspaper articles, articles in books and journals, television programs, and documentary films. This paper is the result of an experiment in education and personal reflection on the use of indigenous religious materials in teaching religious studies in the Asian context.
Two‐Way Bridge: The Cross cultural Colloquy at Virginia Seminary
Authors: Hadler Jacques B. , Jones Richard J.
Published: March 2003

Six years of the Cross‐cultural Colloquy at Virginia Theological Seminary, located in metropolitan Washington, D.C., have alerted the two participating American teachers to some peculiarities of their own American culture, some peculiarities of the home cultures of foreign students, and the importance of the work which foreign Christian leaders must do to select and translate from their new learnings when they begin to turn their minds towards resuming responsibilities at home. We observe that this Colloquy also meets characteristic needs of non‐Americans studying theology in the USA: it offers them conceptual tools and an oral forum for explaining to themselves odd aspects of American culture, emotional support during that time of adjustment, and inducements to begin formulating ways to take both curricular and extracurricular learnings and begin to apply them in the settings to which they will be returning. We commend this model for consideration by schools where foreign or minority‐culture students' place in the curriculum and in the community of teachers and learners is ill‐defined or remains less than satisfactory.
How Clearly Must I See? Art and Ethics in Pedagogical Practice
Authors: Mercer Joyce Ann , Foster Charles R.
Published: March 2003

This essay explores pedagogical practices and ethical obligations in the embrace of cultural and religious diversity by a faculty team in a theological school course. Attention is given to the interplay of art and ethical dilemmas in an educational praxis that calls into question students’ taken‐for‐granted worldviews and theologies. In the first of three sections the writers identify several assumptions they brought to the conduct of the course regarding diversity, art, and pedagogy. The second section describes student encounters with and responses to art from a variety of cultural contexts. The paper concludes with a critical reflection on ethical and political issues arising from pedagogical practices that engage students with art.
De‐schooling the Theological Seminary: An Appropriate Paradigm for Effective Ministerial Formation
Authors: Harkness Allan G.
Published: March 2003

The most common paradigm of contemporary Protestant theological education for ministerial formation is that of schooling, seen in the institution of the theological seminary/college. This article notes the limitations of the schooling paradigm for educational intervention in the range of domains inherent in effective ministerial formation; recognizes that teaching and learning take different but still legitimate shape when used to describe educational processes in this context; and argues for an integrated, formational, and missional community paradigm modeled especially on the relationship of Jesus with his disciples as being both more consistent with biblical precedents and more effective educationally. The implications of this for the role of faculty of theological institutions are explored.
High Tech or High Touch: Will Technology Help or Hurt Our Teaching?
Authors: Mercadante Linda
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:

David G. Brown, Interactive Learning: Vignettes from America's Most Wired Campuses

Marc Eisenstadt and Tom Vincent, The Knowledge Web: Learning and Collaborating on the Net

Pat Maier, Liz Bamett, Adam Warren, and David Brunner, Using Technology in Teaching and Learning

Adam Warren, David Brunner, Pat Maier, and Liz Barnett, Using Technology in Teaching and Learning: An Introductory Guide

Steve Ryan, Bernard Scott, Howard Freeman, and Daxa Patel, The Virtual University: The Internet and Resource‐Based Learning
From Pride to Cowardice: Obstacles to the Dialogical Classroom
Authors: Bain–Selbo Eric
Published: March 2003

Drawing on his own work in educational theory as well as his classroom experience, the author identifies important dialogical vices that he finds in his students: pride and cowardice. These vices are put both in the theoretical context of a greater understanding of the role of dialogue in learning and in the social context of the contemporary multicultural ethos from which the students come. In opposition to the vices, the author proposes dialogical virtues (humility, charity, and courage) and a concept of tolerance that help us to avoid pride and cowardice. In this way, we achieve genuine dialogue and multiculturalism and avoid what the author calls a pernicious multiculturalism
Debating dussehra and reinterpreting rebellion in bastar district, central india
Authors: Sundar Nandini
Published: March 2003

This article unpacks the history of a ‘tribal’ region in Central India to show that the current appearance of ‘two‐dimensionality’ or stark opposition between the people and the state is a product of colonial and post‐colonial policies rather than a pre‐colonial relic. It challenges the idea of ‘coercive subordination’ as an adequate explanation for kingship in this area, as argued by the late Alfred Gell. Instead, this article uses the same phenomena, annual Dussehra rituals and successive rebellions, to argue for a more dialectical concept of hegemony. It also takes issue with culturalist interpretations of rule, arguing instead for a historically nuanced political economy.
Multiple hierarchies and the duplex nature of groups
Authors: Schryer Frans J.
Published: March 2003

This article examines the links between multiple hierarchies and a wide range of broad‐based groups, in order to develop a theoretical framework capable of integrating group phenomena, social identities, and political mobilization. Various case‐studies are used to illustrate how hierarchies between and within groups are obfuscated by discrepancies between the material and symbolic aspects of social reality. Yet such discrepancies, which are partly transparent, can generate contestation and the reconfiguration of groups. A duplexity model, which treats groups as a complex mix of embodied categories and observable attributes whose interconnections are contingent, can help unravel crosscutting social cleavages.
Archaeology, anthropology and subsistence
Authors: Pluciennik Mark
Published: March 2003

Wherever and whenever one may wish to place the roots of the disciplines of archaeology and anthropology, the subsistence‐based categories of savage hunters and civilized farmers still lie at the heart of the division of much contemporary intellectual labour. The sources of these categories can be traced back into the seventeenth century, although they were first systematically related to (pre)history and cultural difference in the mid‐eighteenth century. The subsequent relations between these categories and the changing disciplines of ethnology, ethnography, and archaeology have not remained constant over time or space. However, the underlying assumption that subsistence practices are meaningful and useful societal categories has persisted for the past 250 years. The relationship between such concepts, the closely associated idea of social evolution, and anthropology and archaeology, in particular from the mid‐nineteenth century to the present, is examined. It is suggested that finding ways of writing across such categories is a necessary step for the future of both disciplines.
Erotic Dreams And Nightmares From Antiquity To The Present
Authors: Stewart Charles
Published: March 2003

The history of erotic dreams, nightmares, and erotic nightmares offers a valuable opportunity to study how such dreams tested Western ideas about the self, desire, and self‐control. Like Foucault, I find it more productive to analyse these dreams, and the struggles to introject them, as sites of self‐making rather than of repression. Erotic dreams and nightmares have been inflected by various historical strategies of self‐making, themselves produced by different regimes of knowledge such as Christian asceticism, medicine, or philosophy. Erotic nightmares still proliferate today in reports of alien abductions. A reason for this historical tenacity has been the ease with which the affective sensations of the erotic nightmare – terror and sexual arousal – have jumped between genres as various as monastic handbooks, medieval folk‐tales, gothic fiction, and personal dreams. This study demonstrates the importance of historical perspective for the ability to identify and understand culturally elaborated (‘culture‐bound’) syndromes.
Location of Entrepreneurship Assistance Centres in Israel
Authors: Razin Eran
Published: March 2003

The establishment of entrepreneurship assistance centres in Israel in the 1990s, triggered by the need to absorb mass‐immigration, serves as an example for the geographic implications of the break from top‐down approaches to regional development towards a pluralist model that involves a variety of national networks and local partnerships. A balance between cost effectiveness and social needs was achieved through the establishment of assistance centres by several organisations, each committed to a different set of principles. Demand‐driven initiatives, led by broad coalitions, were common in core regions, while stronger parochial political culture and ‘social needs’ orientation of development initiatives reduced the prospects for formation of broad growth coalitions in the periphery. Unique core‐periphery variations among immigrants increased the attractiveness of initiatives in the periphery. However, as the system matures, pre‐immigration core‐periphery variations in entrepreneurial potential can be expected to be more influential.
Understanding the Dutch‐German cross‐border labour market: are highly educated workers unwilling to move?
Authors: De Gijsel Peter , Janssen Manfred
Published: March 2003

The willingness of highly educated workers from Germany and the Netherlands to enter the Dutch‐German cross‐border labour market is analysed by using survey data. The results of logit analyses show that individual predictors and factors concerning the neighbouring country are the most important determinants. Special attention is paid to the so‐called ‘soft’ factors, which are differentiated according to the nationalities involved. These factors are usually excluded from political discussion in the European Union (EU), whereas obstacles such as taxation and social security are emphasised. The results of this exploratory paper are the first steps towards a socio‐economic micro‐theoretic foundation of cross‐border labour market behaviour, and call for further theoretical and empirical research on the determinants of cross‐border labour market interactions as well as on the relation between willingness and actual mobility.
Germany after the Millennium: Discourses and strategies of restructuring: redefining the role of the state
Authors: Felhoölter Guido , Noppe Ronald
Published: March 2003

The German discourse on the future role of the state is currently at the turn of the millennium is dominated by the joint paper by Tony Blair and Gerhard Schro¨der, ‘Europe: The Third Way/Die Neue Mitte’ (Blair & Schroüder 1999). Using the crisis of the post‐war Fordist mode of regulation as a background, various concepts of the restructuring of the State and society are discussed. This paper intends to show that the prevailing dominant social democratic restructuring discourse is rooted in a number of important elements in preceding conservative and neo‐liberal discourses about the future of society and the State. The notion of desolidarisation is identified as the common denominator of conservative and neo‐liberal approaches as well as the ‘Third Way’ (Neue Mitte). To cope with growing social inequality it is argued that only a new European political project that re‐animates solidarity and sustainability is viable.
French regulatory path? State, economy and territory
Authors: Ne´grier Emmanuel
Published: March 2003

After enjoying considerable success among French scholars, the concept of regulation has now become one of the main political arguments for explaining and justifying policy. Paradoxically, the success of regulation owes more to its ambiguity than to its suitability to actual policy and political goals. In order to understand the elements comprising the French regulation discourse, it is necessary to examine both its historical roots and the conditions for its diffusion and hegemony. It is also important to distinguish at least two very different domains within which such discourse is applied. The first relates to macroeconomic policy that, for several reasons, faced the most fundamental ideological and practical transformations. The second relates to territorial policy, which is simultaneously confronted with the reform of public intervention and new spaces of European regulation. The focus on French structural policy implementation will highlight France’s peculiar way of negotiating between two new norms of regulation: subsidiarity and regionalisation. The story behind these two concepts shows general similarities, but also reveals interesting differences such as the methods employed to legitimise new regulations, their linearity and ruptures, and the degree of coherence of the new dominant discourses. This paper draws some lessons from the French case to assess the new role set for European regulation.
Assimilating Jews in Dutch nation‐building: the missing ‘pillar’
Authors: Knippenberg Hans
Published: March 2003

Until the Second World War the Netherlands housed a Jewish minority, which varied from 1.4% to 2.2% of the Dutch population in the 1800–1940 period. In this paper an analysis is made of their numerical development and geographical distribution based on census data, and of the consequences of the Jewish demography and geography for the assimilation into Dutch society. Among other factors, it appears that the small size of the Jewish population, their strong geographical dispersion, their strong propensity for internal migration, their orientation towards rival liberal and socialist institutions in Amsterdam have prevented the rise of a Jewish ‘pillar’ and encouraged assimilation into Dutch society.
Hubs, nodes and by–passed places: a typology of e–commerce regions in the United States
Authors: Zook Matthew A.
Published: March 2003

This paper assesses US metropolitan regions in terms of the adoption of e–commerce by businesses using a combination of data from Interactive Week, Alexa Research and Hoover’s Online. This analysis shows that e–commerce is providing the impetus and means to reorganise the economic and geographic space in which businesses operate. Spatial divisions in the use of e–commerce are identified in which many cities in the South and Midwest appear to be lagging behind their counterparts in other parts of the country. Thus, rather than the destruction of place and geography predicted by some, e–commerce is reorganising the economic space in which businesses operate. Although not every place will become a major e–commerce hub, all regions will be shaped by the way in which firms adapt to this new commercial medium.
Integration of GIS and Spatio‐temporal Simulation Models: Interoperable Components for Different Simulation Strategies
Authors: Bernard Lars , Krüger Thomas
Published: March 2003

New technologies for distributed object computing (DOC) challenge new approaches to integrate Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and simulation tools for spatio‐temporal modeling. Several standardization initiatives work on specifying interfaces and defining service architectures for appropriate components. Currently, the most promising attempts are represented by the OpenGIS and the High Level Architecture. This paper gives a brief survey of the current state of the emerging standards, highlights the advantages and shortcomings of these attempts, and defines a possible framework for GIS‐integrated simulation of spatio‐temporal processes. Two abstraction layers provide interfaces for different GIS kernels and allow the integration of different simulation models. A prototype implementation of the specified interfaces shows the integration of analysis tools and two different simulation strategies: a mesoscale boundary layer model based on the Navier‐Stokes equation and a cellular automata to simulate air pollutant dispersion.
A Map Browser for an Internet‐based GIS Data Repository
Authors: Jankowski Piotr , Stasik Milosz , Jankowska Maria A.
Published: March 2003

This article presents the design of a map browser for an Internet‐based GIS data repository. A map browser called GeoLibrary was developed and implemented as a component of the Idaho Geospatial Data Center (IGDC), a digital library of public‐domain GIS data for the state of Idaho. The design and implementation of the map browser are introduced in the larger context of a geolibrary model. The article also discusses alternative solutions that can be considered for implementing a map browser.
Visibility Analysis with the Multiscale Implicit TIN
Authors: Kidner David B. , Sparkes Andrew J. , Dorey Mark I. , Ware J. Mark , Jones Christopher B.
Published: March 2003

Visibility analysis is now a key function of many geographical information systems. It is also one of the most contentious tools, as it is notoriously prone to error. The paper will demonstrate the versatility of the Multiscale Implicit Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) for the application of intervisibility analysis at multiple resolutions. This approach allows for the integration of three‐dimensional (3D) topographic features with the terrain surface. The multiscale TINs are derived from generalising digital contours at a variety of lateral tolerances. The models' performances are evaluated from an extensive field study undertaken in the South Wales valleys. Results suggest that the accuracy of intervisibility analysis is very dependent upon the availability of good quality 3D topographic data. In our study, such data were shown to improve visibility performance by more than 44% over its bare‐earth TIN equivalent. Interestingly, generalisation of the TINs had very little effect on visibility performance. In addition, a Monte Carlo approach to sensitivity analysis was found to be detrimental to the accuracy of visibility prediction in the full terrain and topographic models. However, this probable approach can improve intervisibility performance by up to 18% on a bare‐earth TIN. The range of these visibility modelling scenarios demonstrate the flexibility of the Multiscale Implicit TIN for digital surface modelling.
Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery for Flood Modelling
Authors: Galy Hélème , Sanders Richard A.
Published: March 2003

Airborne radar technology has traditionally been largely devoted to military applications. In recent years, applications in telecommunications, oil exploration and agriculture have proved that radar technology can also be used commercially. This paper focuses on an application of airborne radar technology in the insurance industry and describes the development of a large‐scale flood risk assessment model for the River Thames. The model is based upon airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and was built with commonly used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and image processing tools. From the Orthorectified Images (ORIs) a land cover map was produced, from which a surface roughness map could be derived. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was processed to remove trees and other soft barriers and obtain the effective ground level. This was achieved by using standard GIS processes. The methodology may be applicable to any organisation exposed to flood risk.
Historic Landscape Reconstruction and Visualisation, West Oxfordshire, England
Authors: McClure Joanne T. , Griffiths Geoffrey H.
Published: March 2003

As part of the Wychwood Project in West Oxfordshire, England, aerial photography and historic maps are being used to reconstruct landscape change in the former medieval Royal Hunting Forest of Wychwood. An important objective of the project is to stimulate local interest in Wychwood and promote understanding of its evolution, thereby encouraging the support of stakeholders in the design of future landscapes. The parish of Leafield was selected to develop and test a method for reconstructing and visualising past and present landscapes to present to the public for evaluation and comparison. Leafield contains fine examples of both early and late enclosure landscapes and underwent large‐scale disafforestation following the Enclosure Act of 1856. Ordnance Survey (O.S.) 1:10000 Landform Panorama contour data were used to create a digital elevation model (DEM) of the parish using ArcView 3D Analyst, enabling the user to create perspective views of the landscape from any height and viewing angle. Contemporary aerial photography was scanned and geo‐rectified to create an overlay for ‘draping’ onto the DEM. Historical maps provided the reference for modifying the aerial photography using the PaintShop Pro graphics package. This paper presents and reviews the results and compares the method with other techniques, including VRML.
Negation and focus in Hungarian: an Optimality Theory account
Authors: Payne John , Chisarik Erika
Published: March 2003

In this paper, we present an Optimality Theory account of negation and focus in Hungarian. Unlike many recent formal analyses, for example, Puskás (1994, 1998), É.Kiss (1998b) and Newson (1998b), this account does not treat negation and focus as heading separate functional projections, nor does it assume that principles such as the Neg‐Criterion (Haegeman and Zanuttini 1991) or the Focus‐Criterion (Brody 1990, 1995; É.Kiss 1998a) lie behind the placement of negative or focused phrases. Instead, following a line of analysis initiated by Horváth (1986), Kenesei (1986) and É.Kiss (1987, 1992, 1994), we develop a model of the Hungarian predicate based purely on verbal projections. It is then proposed that, following the principles of Optimality Theory, the surface alignment of negative and focused phrases in Hungarian can be derived from a language‐particular ranking of universal but violable constraints.
The Reconstruction of Labial Stop + Sonorant Clusters in Proto‐Far‐Western Hmongic
Authors: Johnson Michael
Published: March 2003

A comparison of the Far‐Western Hmongic languages of south‐western China and northern mainland South East Asia leads to a reconstruction of Proto‐Far‐Western Hmongic with an initial consonant system that is comparatively rich in areal terms. These initials include three series of sonorants clustered after a labial stop: dental lateral (*pl‐), retroflex lateral (*pι6;‐) and palatal (*pj‐). This article presents the comparative data and works through the reconstruction, showing the evidence for the contrastivity of the clusters in Proto‐Far‐Western Hmongic, examining the extensive sound changes that have occurred in the derivation of each synchronic dialect, and comparing the correspondences to the clusters in the rest of Hmongic.
India's Trade Policy Reforms and Industry Competitiveness in the 1980s
Authors: Siggel Eckhardt
Published: March 2003

The paper proposes a method of measuring and analyzing competitiveness, and applies it to Indian manufacturing data of 1980/81, 1987/88 and 1991/92. The method consists of computing a unit cost ration and breaking it down into various components, ditinguishing between comparative advantage measured at shadow prices, and competitive advantage measured at market prices. The difference, equal to the sum of all price ditortions, may enhance or diminish competitiveness, depending on whether the distortions are cost‐increasing or ‐decreasing. The study reviews first the limited trade reforms of the 1980s and examines whether they have led to increased competitiveness. Although the present study is limited to less than the full potential of the method, due to lack of adequate data, it demonstrates, that the policy changes of the 1980s have failed to enhance the competitiveness of the industrial sector as a whole, while some industries have undergone substantive changes. In three industry case studies the results are compared with the findings of earlir studies.
The Foreign Exchange Origins of Japan's Economic Slump and Low Interest Liquidity Trap
Authors: McKinnon Ronald , Ohno Kenichi
Published: March 2003

Japan's macroeconomic problem has yet to be properly diagnosed. Throughout the 1990s, policy makers could not decide on the proper macro economic measures to combat the country's severe economic slump. We propose a unified explanation, with deep historical roots, of why aggregate private demand failed to recover after Japan's stock and real estate bubbles burst in 1991 and deflationary pressure continues.

The problem is not purely ‘made in Japan’. It arises from Japan's unbalanced mercantile relationship with the United States. Starting in the early 1970s, numerous trade disputes between the two countries created tensions that were (temporarily) resolved by the yen going ever higher against the dollar up to 1995. In the last two decades, this persistent pressure for the yen to rise was further aggravated by Japan's large current‐account (saving) surpluses as the counterpart of America's large current account (saving) deficits. The legacy is the expectation that trade and financial tensions will recur so that the yen will be higher 10, 20, or 30 years from now –with Japan's (wholesale) price level forced correspondingly lower and nominal interest rates on yen assets remaining more than four percentage points less than those on dollar assets.

This fear of yen appreciation, whose timing is erratic and unpredictable, now inhibits private domestic investment by both Japanese firms and households. Our theory also explains why, in the late 1990s, nominal interest rates on short‐term yen assets were compressed toward zero so as to destroy the normal profit margins of the banking system. In this liquidity trap, the Bank of Japan –whose monetary policy has been quite ‘expansionary’–is powerless to stimulate the flagging economy.

To spring the liquidity trap, eliminate deflationary pressure, and restore macro economic balance in Japan, the American and Japanese governments must act jointly to quash the expectation that the yen will be higher in the future than it is today.
Regional Versus Multilateral Solutions to Transboundary Environmental Problems: Insights from the Southeast Asian Haze
Authors: Chang Li Lin , Rajan Ramkishen S.
Published: March 2003

At an analytical level, economists have often categorised the international dimensions of environmental problems and policies as being national (or competitiveness), psychological (as opposed to physical) and transboundary (global) in nature. Focusing on transboundary pollution problems, the reasons why a multilateral approach among sovereign nations to solve such global externalities may be difficult are discussed within a simple analytical framework. The paper examines the Southeast Asian experience at a regional approach to tackling the haze problem due to the Indonesian forest fires. It goes on to explore multilateral policy options and constraints for dealing with such transboundary environmental pollution problems.