bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular genetic aspects of prostate cancer radioresistance
Authors: Omelchuk E. P. , Kutilin D. S. , Dimitriadi S. N. , Gusarev M. A. , Timoshkina N. N.
Published: October 2021

Radioresistance of prostate cancer is a complex therapeutic problem. Biochemical recurrence after radiation therapy occurs in 22–69% of patients with prostate cancer. Nearly half of these patients progress to a clinical relapse within 15 years, and a third progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer. This review analyzes literature data on radioresistance mechanisms in prostate cancer cells. We searched for literature published in eLibrary, PubMed, and Scopus databases by key words: prostate cancer, radioresistance, markers. In total, 568 foreign and 178 national articles published between 1975 and 2020 were found. Of these publications, 77 articles were selected (published in 2001–2020), which reveal the molecular basis of tumor radioresistance.Modern understanding of the origin of radioresistant cancer cells focuses on processes leading to enhanced DNA repair, activation of anti-apoptotic signaling pathways, and a decrease in the level of endogenous and exogenous reactive oxygen species. The state of a tumor microenvironment, autophagy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition also play an important role in radioresistance. Currently, the mechanisms of resistance to radiation therapy are explained by the existence of tumor stem cells, which provide genetic heterogeneity and activation of carcinogenesis signaling pathways. The tumor can also be protected from radiation by a hypoxic microenvironment. Since cancer stem cells can acquire plasticity in response to radiation therapy, search for markers of radioresistance for screening and identification of radioresistant prostate cancer is relevant.
Genetics of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Savinova A. V. , Shnayder N. A. , Nasyrova R. F.
Published: October 2021

To analyze results of the studies covering modern scientific views on the genetics of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS).We searched for full-text publications containing the key words “amyotrophic lateral sclerosis”, “FALS”, and “genetics” in the literature for the past 10 years in both Russian and English in eLibrary, PubMed, Web of Science, and OMIM databases. In addition, the review includes earlier publications of historical interest.This review summarizes all existing information on four most widespread genes associated with FALS: SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, and C9ORF72. The review also describes the functions of these genes and possible pathogenetic mechanisms of motor neuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, damage to axonal transport components, and pathological neurofilament aggregation.As modern methods of molecular genetic diagnostics evolve, our knowledge about multifactorial FALS genetics expands. This information should be taken into consideration in clinical practice of neurologists. Information about the genes associated with ALS and understanding of particular pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease play a key role in the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
Microrna: the role in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation and potential use as a biomarker
Authors: Chaulin A. M. , Duplyakov D. V.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study was to analyze medical literature on the role of microRNA in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation and the possibilities of using microRNAs as biomarkers.The analysis of modern medical literature was carried out using the PubMed – NCBI database.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common and serious cardiovascular disease. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of atrial fibrillation are not entirely clear. In addition, there are no optimal biomarkers for early detection and assessment of the prognosis for patients with atrial fibrillation. Recently, the attention of researchers has been directed to the molecules of microRNA. There is a lot of evidence that they are involved in the pathogenesis of neurological, oncological, and cardiovascular diseases. This review examines the role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. The possibility of using microRNA as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prediction of atrial fibrillation is also discussed.MicroRNAs play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation, regulating the mechanisms of atrial remodeling, such as electrical remodeling, structural remodeling, remodeling of the autonomic nervous system, and impaired regulation of calcium levels. The stability of microRNAs and the possibility to study them in various biological fluids and tissues, including blood, make these molecules a promising diagnostic biomarker for various cardiovascular diseases. The presented data clearly indicate that AF is associated with changes in the expression level of various microRNAs, which can be quantified using a polymerase chain reaction. Further research is required to assess the role of microRNAs as biomarkers for atrial fibrillation, in particular to establish precise reference limits.
Hemodynamic status of patients with different comorbidities of ischemic heart disease before and after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Geltser B. I. , Sergeev E. A. , Kotelnikov V. N. , Silaev A. A. , Karpov R. S.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To assess the hemodynamic status by transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) with different comorbidities before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Materials and methods. 66 patients with IHD (40 men and 26 women) aged 53 to 77 years who were admitted for planned CABG were examined. The patients were divided into three groups according to the comorbidity: cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic. The first comorbidity was represented by a combination of IHD and multifocal atherosclerosis, the second – by IHD and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the third – by IHD and metabolic syndrome (MS). All patients underwent CABG with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded by the TPTD method using the Pulsion Picco Plus module (Germany) at 3 stages: after the start of mechanical ventilation (stage I), after the completion of cardiopulmonary bypass (stage II), and 24 hours after CABG (stage III).Results. The patients with IHD with different comorbidities differed in characteristic signs of hemodynamic changes. In IHD with comorbid COPD, after withdrawal from the cardiopulmonary bypass and 24 hours after CABG, the highest index of systemic vascular resistance, the minimum values of the global ejection fraction, and a decrease in the global end-diastolic volume and pulmonary blood volume less noticeable compared with other groups of patients were noted. With comorbid respiratory and metabolic disorders, the maximum values for the indices of extravascular lung water and pulmonary vascular permeability were recorded. In the patients with a comorbid cardiovascular disease, hemodynamic and volume status violations in the dynamic follow-up were less pronounced.Conclusion. The use of the TPTD method in patients with IHD before and after CABG makes it possible to specify the functional state of the circulatory system in different comorbidities, which increases the effectiveness of risk stratification and the accuracy of predicting possible complications.
Assessment of serum BDNF levels in complex rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke using traditional approaches to the restoration of motor functions
Authors: Kazakov S. D. , Koroleva E. S. , Brazovskaya N. G. , Zaytsev A. A. , Ivanova S. A. , Alifirova V. M.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To assess the relationship between changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level, regression of motor deficiency, and restoration of functional activity in patients with ischemic stroke after stage II of medical rehabilitation.Materials and methods. The study included 49 patients with ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery after stage I of medical rehabilitation. Group I (n = 32) went through stage II of rehabilitation in the early recovery period, group II (n = 17) was discharged for outpatient monitoring at the place of residence. Observation points: day 14 and day 90. Evaluation scales: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Fugle – Meyer Scale (FMA), Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Serum BDNF levels were determined using a MAGPIX multiplex analyzer (Luminex, USA).Results. A comparative analysis of the studied population showed that patients who underwent motor rehabilitation in the early recovery period had greater regression of neurologic deficit according to the ΔNIHSS scale (pgr.I–II = 0.043), a more pronounced increase in the functional activity on the ΔmRS scale (pgr.I–II = 0.047), and positive dynamics according to the FMA scale (pday14–90 = 0.003) in comparison with patients who received outpatient follow-up. The concentration of BDNF was significantly reduced by the end of the early recovery in the group II (pday14–90_gr.II = 0.002). On the contrary, there was no decrease in the level of the BDNF (pday14–90_gr.I = 0.613) in the group of patients undergoing rehabilitation.Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrated the clinical effectiveness of stage II of the comprehensive rehabilitation of patients in the early period of stroke recovery. We can suggest that the success of neurorehabilitation is closely associated with an increase of the BDNF level against the background of its performance. This makes BDNF a potential marker of evaluating the effectiveness of ongoing rehabilitation treatment.
The role of sTNFSF14 in the liver mitochondrial dynamics in obese patients
Authors: Komar A. A. , Skuratovskaia D. A. , Vulf M. A. , Vu H. Q. , Darinskas A. , Gazatova N. D. , Todosenko N. M. , Zatolokin P. A. , Kirienkova E. V. , Litvinova L. S.
Published: October 2021

Background. The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which develops in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is associated with the effects of inflammatory factors on the liver parenchyma and liver mitochondrial dysfunction.Aim. To determine the role of sTNFSF14 in the regulation of liver mitochondrial biogenesis in obese patients with and without T2DM.Materials and methods. The study included 263 obese patients with and without T2DM and 42 apparently healthy donors. Quantitative determination of cytokines in the blood plasma was performed by fluorescence flow cytometry. The level of relative gene expression in the liver biopsy samples was investigated by real-time PCR. Semi-quantitative determination of proteins in the liver biopsy samples was studied by western blotting.Results. The study showed that the levels of sTNFSF14, interleukin (IL)-10, gp130 / sIL-6Rb, and sIL-6Ra in the blood plasma of the obese patients without T2DM significantly exceeded the similar values in the control patients and obese patients with T2DM. In the liver biopsy samples of the obese patients with T2DM and a body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg / m2, the expression level of the dynamin-1-like protein (DRP1 / DNM1L) gene was lower than in the control group, and the expression level of the mitofusin 2 (MFN2) gene tended to be higher. Compared with the control group, an increase in the expression level of the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 (MT-ND4) gene was recorded in the liver of all the obese patients. The patients with obesity showed a decrease in the amount of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) compared with the control group.Conclusion. Thus, sTNFSF14, interacting with IL-10 and gp130 / sIL-6Rb in the circulation, positively effects the liver in the obese patients without T2DM. A low level of sTNFSF14 in the blood plasma of the obese patients with T2DM results in decreased mitochondrial division and increased cellular respiration.
Fibrosis biomarkers and echocardiographic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes depending on the degree of albuminuria
Authors: Lebedev D. A. , Laevskaya M. Yu. , Babenko A. Yu.
Published: October 2021

Background. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a risk of developing chronic heart failure (CHF). The degree of albuminuria is a marker of DN and is associated with an increased risk of chronic heart failure (CHF).Aim. To evaluate fibrosis biomarkers and echocardiographic parameters in patients with T2DM without CHF, depending on urinary albumin excretion.Materials and methods. The study included 42 patients with T2DM without verified CHF. The patients were divided into two groups: 1) a group with normoalbuminuria and 2) a group with a moderate increase in albuminuria (albumin / creatinine ratio of 30–300 mg / g). Echocardiography was performed and galectin-3, ST-2, PIСP, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 concentrations were measured.Results. The groups did not differ by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Galectin-3 concentrations were significantly higher in the group with a moderate increase in albuminuria than in the group of patients without albuminuria – 13.6 (11.2; 15.1) ng / ml and 7.4 (6.7; 7.9) ng / ml, respectively, p = 0.002. The groups also did not differ in the values of biomarkers, such as P1CP, TIMP-1, and MMP-9. Besides, the group with normoalbuminuria had lower E/e’ values than the group with a moderate increase in albuminuria – 8 (7; 9) and 10 (9; 12.5), p = 0.02.Conclusion. The patients with type 2 diabetes and a moderate increase in albuminuria have higher values of galectin-3 and a more pronounced diastolic dysfunction. The identified changes may reflect a higher risk of chronic heart failure in this group of patients.
The role of the autonomic nervous system in stress cardiomyopathy
Authors: Prokudina E. S. , Maslov L. N. , Naryzhnaya N. V. , Kurbatov B. K. , Mukhomedzyanov A. V. , Shipulin V. V. , Krylatov A. V. , Tsibulnikov S. Yu. , Voronkov N. S.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To identify the role of the autonomic nervous system in stress cardiomyopathy in an experimental model of Takotsubo syndrome.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 120 female Wistar rats. Stress modeling was performed by immobilizing animals on the back for 24 hours. Intact rats were used as controls. The rats were decapitated after termination of immobilization under general anesthesia with ether. Stress cardiomyopathy (SCM) was quantified by accumulation of 99mTc pyrophosphate radiopharmaceutical (99mTc PP) in the myocardium. The pharmacological agents used included the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium, administered five times at a dose of 20 mg / kg; guanethidine (50 mg / kg) administered subcutaneously once a day for three days, the last injection was performed 24 hours before immobilization; the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine methyl nitrate (1 mg / kg); the α1-AR (adrenergic receptor) antagonist prazosin (2 mg / kg); the α2-AR antagonist yohimbine, administered at a dose of 2 mg / kg; the β1-AR antagonist nebivolol (1.2 mg / kg); the β2-AR antagonist ICI 118,551 (0.3 mg / kg); and the β3-AR antagonist L-748337 (0.1 mg / kg).Results. Three-day administration of guanethidine caused a decrease in the degree of 99mTc-PP accumulation in the heart by 35.9%. Hexamethonium did not affect the degree of SCM. The blockade of the muscarinic receptor caused an increase in accumulation of 99mTc-PP by 26.5%. Inhibition of α1-AR did not affect SCM. The blockade of α2-AR caused a 2.2-fold increase in the accumulation compared with stress control. The blockade of β1-AR reduced 99mTc-PP accumulation by 2.5 times. The blockade of β2-AR by ICI 118,551 increased the degree of 99mTcPP accumulation by 34.6%. Inhibition of β3-AR had no effect on SCM.Conclusion. The adrenergic system and β1-adrenergic receptor play an important role in the development of SCM. The parasympathetic nervous system ensures resistance of the heart to stress.
MRI assessment of the abdominal adipose tissue and the state of the abdominal aorta in patients with coronary artery disease: association with metabolic disorders
Authors: Ryumshina N. I. , Koshelskaya O. A. , Kologrivova I. V. , Kharitonova O. A. , Nasekina K. A. , Ussov V. Yu.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To evaluate potential associations between quantitative features of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) and anthropometric characteristics of obesity, metabolic disorders, and the state of the abdominal aorta in patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD).Materials and methods. The study included 55 patients (average age 61.2 ± 7.2 years) with chronic CAD. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on a 1.5 T MRI scanner using T2-weighted spin-echo modes. The area and volume of abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were calculated at the L4–L5 level; the total volumes of abdominal SAT and VAT were determined. Parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as adipokine profile were studied in the blood serum.Results. In the course of a multiple linear regression analysis, we detected the independent determinants, which described 95% of the total VAT volume variability and were represented by waist circumference (WC) and serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and adiponectin. The model was characterized by the significance level p < 0.000001, the residuals of the model were normal. We calculated the coefficients in the model: 1.39 for WC, –0.26 for HDL cholesterol, and –0.19 for adiponectin. We detected a positive correlation between the abdominal aorta (AA) diameter and SAT area at the L4–L5 level (rs = 0.48; p = 0.0014), which does not depend on gender, and reverse correlations between the aorta diameter and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (rs = –0.40; p = 0.0359) and postprandial glycemia (rs = –0.40; p = 0.0273). The patients with a dilated aorta (group 2), when compared with the patients with a normal aorta diameter (group 1), did not differ in the AT accumulation, but demonstrated decreased levels of HbA1c and postprandial glycemia, which resulted in a smaller number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Conclusion. We identified independent determinants of an increase in the total volume of abdominal visceral AT, such as an increase in WC and a decrease in serum adiponectin and HDL cholesterol levels. Results of the study indicate the presence of a link between the AA remodeling, accumulation of subcutaneous AT, and impaired glucose metabolism.
Inventory of the Different Methods of Natural Conservation of Food Crops Used in the Markets of Daloa (Ivory Coast)
Authors: MASSE Diomandé DEFFAN Zranseu Ange Bénédicte , BEUGRE Grah Avit Maxwell YAPI Jocelyn Constant
Published: October 2021

Food in West Africa is one of the main sources of cash income. It plays an important role in feeding populations (rural and urban). These vegetables are very perishable foods, and generally seasonal, causing several post-harvest losses. Lack of knowledge of the natural techniques used by our peasants to conserve their various crops hampers their application, as well as their popularization. It is with this in mind that this study was initiated. It is based first of all on a survey carried out on large markets and supermarkets in the commune of Daloa (Ivory Coast), with a view to identifying the most widely used natural food conservation methods. It appears from these surveys that the open air preservation method was the most common at 80%. This method is widely used on eggplants (42.29%), tomatoes (33.66%) and okra (24.05%) in the markets. This method could favor certain physico-chemical parameters of the food crop to the detriment of others. The results of surveys carried out in the field have made it possible to show the need to popularize the food sector by training our various producers and sellers in order to know the basic basics of conservation.
A Comparative Study between Cowpea Variety C-152 and Local Variety in Tumakuru District (Karnataka), India
Authors: Mukul Baviskar Sunita Kusugal , Nandini Kelkar Sagar Kadao
Published: October 2021

Pulses are the second important group of crops after cereals, providing high dietary protein (20 to 25%), along with rich supplement of calcium and iron. They play an important role to enhance soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation and also pass on the benefits to associated non legume and subsequent crops. In Handanakere area farmers cultivate local varieties which are low yielding. A field experiment was conducted in the farmers’ fields to know the performance of C-152 cowpea variety with local cowpea variety. The results indicated that C-152 has performed better compared to local varieties in growth and yield parameters. Higher income is generated by the cultivation of C-152 cowpea variety.
Physico-chemical and Cyanophitic Variation of Ganga Sagar Lake, Jabalpur
Authors: Balendra Pratap Singh Preetraj Singh Patel
Published: October 2021

The present studies focused on the Physico-chemical parameter and Cyanophitic diversity of Ganga Sagar Lake, Jabalpur. The physicochemical parameters like temperature, water temperature, D.O., pH, free CO2, Total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, chloride, phosphate and nitrate were studied to analyze the Ganga Sagar Lake, Jabalpur. The study area selected was Cyanophitic diversity has been done with scientific name in this Lake. In these studies, an attempt has been made to identify the taxa of Cyanophyta in Pre-monsoon, monsoon, summer and Post monsoon from July 2017 to June 2019.
Detection and Testing Pathogenicity of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae Causing Bacterial Blight on Pomegranate
Authors: M. P. Basavarajappa Mahesh S. Dashyal , D. P. Prakash G. Manjunath , Anita Rajkumar Ghandhe Sayeed Wajeed R. Mulla
Published: October 2021

Pomegranate, one of the most important fruit crops, is constantly challenged by Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodispv. punicae, is a prevalent and destructive pomegranate disease. Accurate diagnosis of disease is very important to manage the disease. PCR have been widely used to detect or verify the presence of pathogen in recent decades. These molecular-based methods are rapid, accurate and sensitive for detecting pathogens. In this study, a primer set KKM5 and KKM6 was used and amplification of 491bp of gyrB gene proved the presence of Xap. The pathogenicity of the Xap was confirmed following Koch’s postulates.
Effect of Different Sowing Dates on Grain Yield and Incidence of Lentil Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis
Authors: B. K. Sharma Sakshi Sharma , Banyal D. K.
Published: October 2021

Wilt of lentil, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis is a serious disease and plays major role in reducing lentil yield in India and Abroad. There are many factors which influence disease development. The present studies were, therefore, undertaken to study the effect of different dates of sowing on disease incidence and grain yield. The crop was sown on four dates during rabi 2019-20 and 2020-21 i.e. 15th October, 30th October, 15th November and 30th November. The disease incidence was maximum (10.74 per cent) in early sown crop as compared to the late sown crop (3.32 per cent).The grain yield was maximum at third date of sowing i.e. 15th November (10.94 q/ha).
Phyto-chemical Screening and Anti-Microbial Analysis of a Medicinal Plant: Telosma pallida L.
Authors: V. Hirani Nimisha R. Umaretiya Vidisha , Mehta D. R.
Published: October 2021

The work is undertaken to evaluate the preliminary phyto-chemicals, anti-microbial activity of root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit extracts. The highest anti-fungal activity was observed against M. phaseolina by aqueous extract of flower. The highest anti-bacterial activity was observed against S. typhi by methanol extract of leaf. This medicinal plant was the source of the secondary metabolites i.e., alkaloid, flavonoids, saponin etc. The outcomes of the present study specified the plant possess various potentially active secondary metabolites which help for the developing pharmaceuticals, especially antimicrobial drugs. It is the first-ever information about this plant and it will help with pharmacological studies of Telosma pallida L.
Evaluation of Growth Parameters on Carpobrotus edulis, Kalanchoe daigremontiana and Kalanchoe tubiflora in Relation to Different Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) as a Biostimulant
Authors: Spagnuolo Damiano , Prisa Domenico
Published: October 2021

The aim of this research was to evaluate the biofertilization capacity of five different species of algae, representative of the three main groups of macroalgae selected from Lake Ganzirri in Messina, Venice Lagoon and Norwegian coasts. The experiments, started in January 2021, were conducted in the greenhouses of CREA-OF in Pescia (Pt), Tuscany, Italy (43°54′N 10°41′E) on Carpobrotus edulis, Kalanchoe daigremontiana and Kalanchoe tubiflora from seed. The test showed a significant increase in the agronomic parameters analysed in plants treated with algae extracts on succulents cultivated. The test also showed increased control of the pathogen Pythium debaryanum in seedlings where the algae extracts were introduced and also an increase in the percentage of seed germination and a reduction in the average germination time. This research work has shown that algal species have great potential for use in the development of biofertilisers in sustainable agriculture in terms of cost-effectiveness, ecological role, possible reduction of synthetic fertilisers and plant protection products, increased soil fertility and microbiological diversity.
Characterization of Solanum spp for Grafting and its Interpretation on Morphological, Production and Nutritional Quality of Fruit Under Polyhouse
Authors: Umesh Thapa Satish Kr. Subba , Anant Tamang Pinkey Dukpa
Published: October 2021

Seven wild Solanum species (viz., S. torvum, S. macrocapon, S. incanum, S. aethiopicum, S. sisymbrifolium, S. viarum, and S. indicum) were grafted onto three brinjal scions (viz., Patakata, PusaShyamla, and Bhangor) for its evaluation based on compatibility ratio and further characterization of successful graft combination for morphological, yield and quality attributing characters. On persual of grafting success percentage, Patakata and PusaShyamla grafted onto S. torvum had high compatibility and success rate. The species S. torvum exhibited better adaptability to the prevailing climate which led to more success indicating their compatibility. Complete failure on grafting was noticed in the species S. aethiopicum, S. indicum, and S. sisymbrifolium. The vegetative parameters were found to be maximum from the grafting combination of Patakata onto S. torvum, wherein PusaShyamla grafted onto S. torvum and S. macrocarpon exhibited high yield attributing characters and crop duration. Given quality parameters, the maximum values were attained from the combination of PusaShyamla and Patakata onto S. torvum.
Studies on Variability and Correlation for Nutrients, Biochemicals and Yield Contributing Traits in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Shirin Akhtar Vishwanath Bidaramali , Anupam Das Rashmi Kumari , Chandan Roy M. Feza Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Vegetables are defined as the fresh parts of plants that provide suitable nutrition for humans, raw, cooked, canned, or processed in some other way. Brinjal is a commonly grown economically valuable crop, is an important solanaceous crop in India is a high genotypic diversity. In this study of variability and correlation of nutrient, biochemical parameters, and yield traits of diverse brinjal genotypes. Brinjal is a Wide variability was present among all the nutrients under study suggesting ample scope of selection. Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was high in most of the characters except moisture content, radical scavenging activity, and yield/plant. High heritability was observed for iron (99.70 %), copper (99.01 %), total anthocyanin (99.12 %), total phenol (98.59 %), total chlorophyll content (92.61 %), average fruit weight (98.82 %), number of fruits/plant (97.86), suggesting that selection for these traits would be effective for the selection. Correlation study shows that Moisture, P, Ca, TSS, total chlorophyll, fruit length, fruit girth, and a number of fruits per plant showed high significant positive correlation and Fe and Zn significant negative correlation with yield per plant at the genotypic level. This study shows that sufficient variability exists in all the cultivars for nutrients, biochemical parameters, and yield traits.
Combining Ability Analysis for Seed Cotton Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Desi Cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) over the Environments
Authors: D. B. Deosarkar V. N. Chinchane , H. V. Kalpande K. S. Baig
Published: October 2021

Cotton is one of the most important fiber and cash crop of India and plays a dominant role in the industrial and agricultural economy of the country. Fifty six crosses with fifteen parents and four checks viz., PKVDH 1, PKVSuvarna, NACH 12 and PA 255 were grown in Randomized Block Design with two replications. Pooled over the environments, the highest GCA effect for seed cotton yield plant was showed by line PAIG 346and also exhibited high GCA (in desirable direction) for the traits, sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, seed index, lint index and harvest index. Among the testers, highest GCA for seed cotton yield per plant (9.72) was reported in CNA 449.This tester showed significantly desirable GCA for the characters viz. plant height, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed index and harvest index. Pooled over the environments, among the crosses highest SCA for seed cotton yield per plant was reported in PA 740 x Digvijay. It has also exhibited significant SCA in desirable direction for days to 50 % boll bursting, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed index and harvest index. Another cross which ranked second for with high per se and high SCA for seed cotton yield per plant was PAIG 346 x DWDa 1402.It showed significantly desirable SCA for days to 50 % flowering, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, seed index, lint index and harvest index.
Potential Application of Phage ɸ11 Lytic Proteins in Rapid Detection and Elimination of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rajkrishna Mondal Amenti
Published: October 2021

The increasing antibiotic resistance conferred by Staphylococcus aureus to multiple potential antibiotics has become a serious issue of concern and threat to mankind worldwide. In light of this, phage lytic proteins have been reported which show potential antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms that could be a promising alternative to antibiotics to eradicate the antibiotic resistant problems. This review discusses the various applications of S. aureus phage lytic proteins and the potentiality of aureophage phi 11 endolysin and virion associated peptidoglycan hydrolase (VAPGH) against staphylococcus strains. Phage Phi11 endolysin harbors two enzymatically active domain; cysteine and histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase (CHAP) and Amidase 2 at the N-terminus and a cell wall binding domain (CBD) SH3 5 at the C-terminus, while virion associated peptidoglycan hydrolase (VAPGH) has two catalytic domains, CHAP and Glucosaminidase (Mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase) at its N-terminal and C-terminal, respectively.
Adaptive Performance of Five Varieties of Hybrid Citrus in Jingzhou Area Hubei Province
Authors: Feng Xu Tian zhi Gong , Wang Guiyuan
Published: October 2021

In order to understand the growth habits and freeze resistance of the hybrid citrus variety in Jingzhou area, and to provide reference for the introduction of the variety in fruit farmers, and to promote the development of the local citrus industry, the main biological and freeze resistance characteristics of the five hybrid citrus variety were investigated. The results showed that:(1)The growth potential of ‘Wo gan’ and ‘Daya’ were the strongest, followed by ‘Aiyuan 38’ and ‘Chunjian’, and the weakest growth was ‘Buzhihuo’;(2) On the performance of summer and autumn shoots, ‘Daya’ and ‘Wogan’ were the longest, ‘Chunjian’ was moderate, ‘Aiyuan 38’ and ‘Buzhihuo’ were the weakest; (3) On the aspect of freeze resistance, ‘Aiyuan 38’was the strongest, followed by ‘Daya’ and ‘Wogan’, the freeze resistance of ‘Chunjian’ was more weak and ‘Buzhihuo’ was the weakest;(4) On the other aspects, such as the leaf shape, leaf size, color of tender leaf, thorn density, flower size, inflorescence and so on also had the big difference, but the petal number and the petal color were similar. It could be seen that ‘Daya’ and ‘Wogan’ had the best growth potential in Jingzhou area, but their freeze resistance were weak. The growth potential of ‘Aiyuan 38’ and ‘Chunjian’ were in the middle, ‘Aiyuan 38’ had best freeze resistance. The growth potential and freeze resistance of ’Buzhihuo’ in Jinzhou area was the weakest.
Genomic Distribution of Sars-Cov-2 Variants - A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience
Authors: C. S. Sripriya T. Sabeetha , S. Arockia Doss K. Sudha
Published: October 2021

By 2019 December saw a deadly virus starting to spread across wuhan city in china and started to spread across the globe by 2020 and was named as SARS-CoV-2. The Covid-19 variant spreading in India, namely the Delta variant is found to be more contagious and has been classified as ‘being of concern’ by the World Health Organization. RTPCR positive samples from a tertiary care hospital were subjected to sequencing after fulfilling the criteria as per the standard protocol. Out of 70 samples sequenced, B.1.617.2, AY.4, AY.6, AY.12 & Delta like variants were detected. The Delta variant B.1.617.2 was found to be the predominant strain. The sub lineage of Delta variant strain like AY.6 (1.4%), AY.4 (12 %), AY.12 (14%) were also detected. Delta –like variant was found in 20% of the samples sequenced. The results of sequencing might help to understand the characteristics of the strains prevalent during second wave of SARS-CoV-2 and would be helpful to tackle further infection of COVID.
Isolation of Dermatophytes from Clinically Suspected Cases of Superficial Fungal Infections
Authors: Nilma Hirani Shraddha Dalvi , Shrikant G. Joshi Ritesh Shirpurkar , Ameeta Joshi Abhay Chowdhary
Published: October 2021

Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi responsible for dermatophytoses which are superficial mycoses affecting skin, hair and nails. The aim of the study was to isolate dermatophytes from clinically suspected cases of superficial fungal infections. This study was carried out at the Department of Microbiology, Grant Government Medical College & Sir J.J Group of Hospitals, Mumbai. A total of 279 clinically suspected cases of superficial fungal infections were included in the present study. The specimens like skin scraping, nail and hair were collected with all aseptic precautions and were first examined under microscope on KOH mount and then inoculated on to duplicate slopes of Sabouraud dextrose agar (plain) and SDA (Chloramphenicol and Cycloheximide). Lactophenol cotton blue preparations were made of each fungal growth and were identified using specific tests like slide culture, hair perforation and urease test. Out of the 279 clinically suspected cases of superficial mycoses, maximum involved the skin (65.23%) and a total of 216 (77.42%) cases were of clinically suspected dermatophytoses. KOH mount examination alone could detect 144 (66.66%) cases out of the 216 clinically suspected cases of dermatophytoses. A total 162 isolates were confirmed in which maximum dermatophytes 122 (75.30%) were found. Amongst the dermatophytes, T. rubrum was the commonest pathogenic species isolated followed by T. mentagrophytes. Other species isolated were T. tonsurans, M. gypseum, E. floccosum, T. verrucosum and M. audouinii, T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes were mainly isolated from Tinea unguium followed by Tinea corporis cases. M. gypseum was isolated only from Tinea capitis cases whereas M. audouinii was isolated only from Tinea unguium cases. Dermatophytoses are the most common types of superficial cutaneous fungal infections. The incidence of Dermatophytoses is increasing in India due to widespread and indiscriminate use of corticosteroids and antifungal agents without performing appropriate microbiological investigations.
Effects of Irrigation and Nutrient Management on Summer Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: M. Das Bairagya P. Chakraborty , J. M. L. Gulati S. Sarkar , N. Nayak G. H. Santra , Sahoo B. K.
Published: October 2021

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) plays a vital role in the Indian agriculture, industry and export trade. It commonly known as til and also called as “queen of oilseeds” has been known to be one of the earliest domesticated edible oilseeds used by mankind. It is grown in wide range of environments extending from semi-arid tropics and subtropics to temperate regions. A field experiment entitled “effects of irrigation and nutrient management on summer sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”,was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Brinjhagiri, Chatabar of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar (Odisha) during summer season of 2021. Treatments included three irrigation levels (I1: 2 irrigations at 21 and 63 days after sowing, I2: 2 irrigations at 21 and 42 days after sowingand I3: 3 irrigations at 21, 42 and 63 days after sowing) are treated in main plot and four nutrient management (N1: 100% RDF, N2: 100% RDF + 2 t/ha FYM, N3: 100% RDF + 2 t/ha FYM + Jeevamrut @250l/ha and N4: 75% RDF + 2 t/ha FYM + Jeevamrut @250l/ha) are treated in sub plot were experimented in split plot design replicate thrice. The experiment was conducted with the variety of TKG-21 followed the spacing of 30 cm × 10 cm. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture with the pH of 5.65 and EC of 7.33 ds/m. The recommended dose of NPK was given 30:15:15 kg ha-1. From the experiment, highest seed yield (643.49 kg ha-1), haulm yield (1820.13 kg ha-1) and harvest index (26.04%) was obtained in I3. N4 (75% RDF + 2 t/ha FYM + Jeevamrut @250l/ha) showed second highest seed yield (652.21 kg ha-1), haulm yield (1882.07 kg ha-1) and harvest index (25.74%) which is at per with N3. Highest water use efficiency (2.72 kg ha-1 m-1) was calculated in I2N3. Hence, it can be conclude that cultivation of sesame under75% RDF + 2 t/ha FYM + Jeevamrut @250l/ha with 2 irrigations at 21 and 42 days after sowing proved better in terms of yield, economics and water use efficiency.
Physical, Biochemical, Cytological, Bacteriological Screening of Carpal hygroma Fluid vis-a-vis Surgical Management of Carpal hygroma in Cattle and Buffaloes- A report of 15 Cases
Authors: H. R. Bhardwaj Sukhnandan Singh , Ashok Kumar Vikas Gaur , Manzoor Ahmad Bhat Ankur Sharma , Kour Amandeep
Published: October 2021

Fifteen animals affected with unilateral 9 and bilateral 6 carpal hygroma were presented with the history of swelling on the anterior aspect of the carpus since 3-18 month. Hygroma fluid samples from all the cases were aseptically collected for physical, biochemical, cytological and bacteriological investigations. The colour of hygroma fluid was pale yellow with slight deposits. Glucose, chloride and total protein levels were 43±4.08 mmol/dL, 107±6.50 mmol/dL and 3.20 g/dL, respectively. Cytological examination revealed cell count of 150 cells/µL, 20% neutrophils and 80% lymphocytes. Moreover, mild (+) cellular degeneration changes were also seen. The hygroma fluid samples from all animals were screened for brucellosis. Two cows were found positive for Brucella in tube agglutination test with antibody titres of 160 and 320 IU, respectively. Whereas, the hygroma fluid samples from other animals showed no growth on culture. Surgical excision of carpal hygroma in all cases was done under xylazine sedation (@ 0.02mg/kg body wt) and intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA). In brucella infected cows (n=2), hygroma sacs were excised en mass. Skin sutures were applied and the limb was put in fiber-glass cast for 10 days. In bilateral cases, the hygroma of one limb was treated at first instant followed by counter limb after 15 days. In all cases, the wound healing occurred by first intention without any complication. It was concluded that brucella organism may be present in hygroma fluid and due precaution are required while collecting fluid samples. The presence of hygroma may be considered as evidence of brucellosis in the herd. The owners should be advised not to breed such animals in future.
Good Agricultural Practices Followed by Awardee Farmers of Department of Agriculture Development and Farmers Welfare in Southern Kerala
Authors: G. S. Sreedaya R. S. Reshma
Published: October 2021

This research study aimed to identify good agricultural practices followed by the awardee farmers of Thiruvananthapuram and Pathanamthitta districts of Kerala. Altogether, 70 awardee farmers, 35 each from the two districts constituted the sample. This research was to analyze the main good agricultural practices followed by awardee farmers in major crops of Kerala viz. coconut, rice, banana and vegetables. The major constraints faced by these farmers and the strategies to overcome it were also studied in this work. The results showed that majority of the awardee farmers followed good agricultural practices like application of a mixture of sand, salt and ash in the pit before transplanting of coconut, soaking of seeds in fresh water in jute sacks for one day and keeping wet seeds for three days for germination in the case of rice, covering of banana bunches with dried banana leaves to increase bunch size and spraying neem oil -garlic emulsion (2%) to control aphids of chilli. The main constraint faced by the awardee farmers was pest and wild animals attack.
Study of Temperature Profile of the Solar Pyramid Dryer
Authors: A. G. Mohod O. S. Karpe , R. T. Thokal Y. P. Khandetod , Dharaskar R. M.
Published: October 2021

The experiment was conducted at ‘Energy Park’, Department of Electrical and Other Energy Sources CAET, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krushi vidyapeeth Dapoli, Dapoli. The readings of temperature inside the dryer has been taken from 9:00 AM TO 5:00 PM with interval of thirty minute. It is recorded that maximum temperature inside the solar pyramid dryer was at 12:00 noon that is 55.5 0C and corresponding solar radiations where 552 W/m2.After analysing the temperature pattern from the graphs we can say that the temperature of air inside the dryer at various places varies such that, temperature of air at bottom of dryer was minimum, and it goes on increasing as the air moves from bottom to top of the solar pyramid dryer. Subsequently the maximum temperature found at the exhaust of the solar dryer. The average drying temperature is found to be suitable for drying of fruits and vegetables.
Study the Physical and Functional Properties of Chickpea and Black Gram Flours
Authors: Pradeep P. Thorat Nikhil D. Solanke , Ughade Jayashri
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the quality of chickpea and black gram flour used in preparation of traditional products. As the study of physical properties of flour, both chickpea as well as black gram flour shows higher in bulk density. Water absorption index show lower level of both chickpea as well as black gram flour and water solubility index shows both chickpea as well as black gram flour in between bulk density and water absorption index. While the functional properties of flour, water absorption capacity lower for chickpea flour but higher oil absorption capacity. Higher the water absorption capacity for black gram flour and lower the oil absorption capacity for black gram. This concluded that bulk density for both chickpea flour and black gram is highest while oil absorption capacity is lower in both chickpea flour and black gram flours.
Correlation and Path Analysis Studies in Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
Authors: K. Chitra K. Dhanalakshmi , V. Ambethgar R. Arulmozhiyan
Published: October 2021

Turmeric (Curcuma longa), a flowering plant in the ginger family, is widely used as a food coloring in curry powder. Turmeric has long been used in both Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine an anti-inflammatory, to treat digestive disorders and liver problems. The active ingredient in turmeric is curcumin, which have been the various medicinal properties. To extract the curcumin, best variety should be selected. The ultimate aim of any programme is to obtain the high yield with quality and studies like correlation and path coefficient analysis to understand the association different characters and their final effect on the yield. The present study was attempted in this direction to analyze the association of different character on yield in Turmeric.
A Review on Biochar Production and its Applications in Agriculture
Authors: A. Suresh P. M. Sameera , P. Raja Rao J. Chapla
Published: October 2021

Amazonians are the pioneer workers in put in their effort to increase the soil fertility and productivity by the use of biochar. Biochar is nothing but life from charcoal. Few decades ago it is a common practice for the farmers to burn the plants after harvest. Though the farmers are not aware of the importance of biochar they felt that they are irradiating different kinds of infections and diseases and also the insects. This way the farmers are indirectly helping themselves by improving the soil texture, fertility and also productivity of the crop. The production of biochar is anerobic process. The biochar can be obtained from different crop residues which may be from black or red soils. Biochar is nothing but carbon stable form and it can remain in soil for decades.
Effect of Mulch and Nutrients on Yield and Physiological Parameters in Transplanted Ginger
Authors: G. S. Sreekala Sandra Merin Mathew
Published: October 2021

The conventional propagation method using ginger rhizome being slow, a suitable method of raising ginger seed material in portrays has been devised by Indian Institute of Spices Research. The advantages of this technology are production of healthy uniform planting materials and reduction in seed rhizome quantity which eventually reduced cost on rhizomes. The experiment was carried out in the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during April 2016 to January 2017. The ginger variety used was Karthika. Field experiment was laid out in split plot design with four levels of mulches in main plots and fertilizer levels in sub plots with four replications..Two nodded rhizome bits of ginger cultivar was raised in protrays were transplanted at 55 days in beds taken in the interspaces of coconut. Plants that received M1 (30 t ha -1) in main plot resulted in maximum plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves/plant and shoot weight, treatment T2 (150:100:100 kg ha -1) and their interaction (m1t2) also resulted in highest plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves/plant, shoot weight, Fresh yield and Dry yield on all periods of observation The results of the study indicated that ginger transplants intercropped in coconut garden, that mulching @ 30 t ha -1(half at transplanting and half 2 MAT) along with 150:100:100 kg NPK ha-1 and basal application of 30 t ha-1 of farm yard manure could be recommended for higher yield and growth.
Influence of fungicide and fertilizer amendments on mycorrhizal association in Quiona (Chenopodium quinoa. Willd.)
Authors: thisandepogu Prashan
Published: October 2021

Effect of soil factor like alkaline cultivated versus saline non-cultivated soil, fertilization with organic (PYM) and inorganic (DAP) manure and addition of fungicides (Bavistin + Thiram, Difolatan and Thiram) on indigenous VA mycorrhizal fungi was examined in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). DAP in combination with Bavistin + Thiram enhanced the spore population ad decreased mycorrhizal formation. FYM in combination with Difolatan enhanced both. Adverse effects of fungicides were nullified by fertilizers. Activity of Glomus was enhanced in the presence of DAP and Gigaspora was favoured by FYM.