bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of combined midazolam and propofol in anesthesia induction and recovery of cats undergoing ovariohisterectomy
Authors: Castro Diogo Gorayeb de , Caldeira Juliana De Araújo , Devito Fernanda Corrêa , Melo Samanta Rios , Cortopassi Silvia Renata Gaido
Published: July 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of propofol and midazolam on induction of anesthesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy, measured in terms of the quality of tracheal intubation, anesthesia induction, cardiorespiratory effects, and recuperation period. Thirty healthy adult cats were pretreated with acepromazine and morphine. After 30 min, they were divided into three groups: PG (n = 10), in which induction was performed with only intravenous propofol at doses required for intubation; MPG (n = 8), in which animals received intravenous midazolam (0.3 mg kg-1) administered over 30 s, followed by administration of propofol as in PG; and PMG (n = 9), in which propofol was first administered at a rate of 4 mg kg-1 min-1, after which midazolam was administered (0.3 mg/kg), followed by re-administration of propofol. In order to perform a blinded study, the PG and PMG received a 0.9% NaCl solution volume similar to the midazolam dose before induction (0.06 mL/kg). Similar to the other groups, the PG and MPG received (0.06 mL kg-1) saline 30 s after administration of propofol. In order to mimic the administration of midazolam, the saline solution was administered for 30s. The PG received 11.0 ± 1.38 mg kg-1 propofol, a greater dose than that administered to the PMG (p < 0.001) and MPG (p < 0.01), which received 7.9 ± 1.92 and 9.1 ± 2.20 mg kg-1, respectively. There were no differences in the intubation scores between groups. Previous use of midazolam did not affect agitation or excitement in cats; both sequences of propofol-midazolam administration are feasible, but the propofol-midazolam sequence was superior due to the lower propofol dose.
Oxygen tension and oocyte density during in vitro maturation affect the in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes
Authors: Giotto Angelo Bertani , Brum Daniela Dos Santos , Santos Francielli Weber , Guimarães Antonio Carlos Galarça , Gonçalves Cibele Garcia Moreira , Pavin Cecilia Urquiza Machado , Folchini Natalia Picoli , Moyses Aline Barros , Missio Daniele , Leivas Fábio Gallas
Published: July 2016

Oocyte maturation is the key factor affecting the fertilization and embryonic development. Factors such as oocyte density and oxygen tension can directly influence the IMV. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the association of oxygen tensions (5% or 20%) with different oocyte densities (1:10?l or 1:20?l) in the in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes on maturation and fertilization rates, ROS production and antioxidant activity. Three experiments were performed with bovine oocytes that were obtained from slaughterhouse ovaries. After selection, the oocytes were randomly distributed in four treatments: 1:10/5%; 1:10/20%; 1:20/5%and 1:20/20% for each experiment. In experiment I, nuclear maturation status and cytoplasmic maturation were evaluated through detection of the first polar body by immunofluorescence and the mitochondrial reorganization assay. In experiment II, ROS production and antioxidant activity were analyzed in oocytes and IVM medium after 24 h of maturation through detection of ROS, reduced glutathione (GSH) and Superoxide dismutase activity by spectrofluorimetric methods. In experiment III, fertilization was evaluated through pronucleus formation, sperm penetration with or without decondensation and polyspermy rates by immunofluorescence. In experiment I, the nuclear maturation and cytoplasmic maturation were similar among treatments (P>0.05). In experiment II, reactive oxygen species in oocytes were elevated in treatments with low oxygen tension which was independent of oocyte density (P<0.05). Additionally, ROS levels in IVM medium were higher in treatments with high oocyte density by volume of medium, which was independent of oxygen tension (P<0.05). In Experiment III, the fertilization and penetration rates were higher in the treatment with 20% oxygen tension and high oocyte density (P<0.05). Furthermore, a high incidence of polyspermy was observed in groups with high oxygen tension and low oocyte density (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate an interaction between oxygen tension and oocyte density, which increases ROS production in certain associations and subsequently influences the rates of in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes. The improved rates of IVF were obtained when IVM was conducted using 20% oxygen tension and high oocyte density (1:20 ul).
Comparative study of two serological tests for detection of anti-Theileria equi antibodies in horses
Authors: Vieira Thállitha Samih Wischral Jayme , Valente Jessica Damiana Marinho , Silva Nayara Bezerra , Sicupira Patrícia Mara Lopes , Barros-Filho Ivan Roque , Biondo Alexander Welker , Vieira Rafael Felipe da Costa , Vidotto Odilon
Published: July 2016

Theileria equi is the causative agent of worldwide piroplasmosis, an important tick-borne disease of equids associated to a lifetime carrier state of infected horses. Since rapid, accessible and reliable tests have been posted as a challenge for clinicians, the aim of the present study was to verify the agreement between an in-house immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) and a commercial competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) in a population of 198 carthorses from Southern Brazil. The horse seroreactivity for T. equi revealed 152/198 (76.8%) positive samples by IFA and 155/198 (78.3%) by cELISA. Using cELISA as gold standard, IFA has shown a sensitivity of 91.6% (95% CI = 86.18-95.03%) and specificity of 76.7% (95% CI = 62.26-86.85%), with a substantial degree of agreement (k = 0.8445). In conclusion, the in-house IFA may be used as a screening test for diagnosis of equine piroplasmosis.
Crude protein reduction with amino acid supplementation in tambaqui fingerling diets
Authors: Lima Charlyan De Sousa , Bomfim Marcos Antonio Delmondes , Siqueira Jefferson Costa de , Lanna Eduardo Arruda Teixeira , Ribeiro Felipe Barbosa , Firmo Danielli Dos Santos
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect that reduced crude protein (CP) diets with amino acid  supplementation, based on the ideal protein concept, have on the performance of tambaqui fingerlings. In total, 750 fingerlings with an initial weight of 0.44 ± 0.14 g, were used in a completely randomized design, with six treatments, five replications, and 25 fish per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of six isocaloric, isocalcic, isophosphoric, and isolysinic diets containing 32.0, 30.5, 29.0, 27.5, 26.0, and 24.5% CP. Performance parameters, carcass yield, body composition (body humidity, protein, and fat content), and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE) of the fish were evaluated. When the CP content was reduced to 27.5%, there was an improvement in weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion, and protein efficiency rate. Feed intake was higher in fish fed diets containing 26% CP, followed by those fed diets containing 29 and 27.5% CP; diets containing other levels of CP did not differ among themselves. CP intake was reduced by the use of diets containing 24% CP, and the carcass yield was not influenced by the treatments. Reduced CP had no influence on body composition. NRE was higher in response to diets containing 26.0 and 24.5% CP. Reducing dietary CP content, from 32.0 to 24.5%, based on the ideal protein concept, is possible for tambaqui fingerlings, and a decrease of up to 24.5% enhances the fish performance.
Social Reporting in Italian Public Schools in Theory and Practice
Authors: Raucci Domenico , Agostinone Stefano , Tarquinio Lara
Published: July 2016

Some of the challenges that schools are currently facing include the stakeholders engagement, the necessity to open schools to the local territory and the need to be accountable for activities and results.

The Italian reform of the school system has required schools to overcome their self-referentiality and to make themselves more accountable to stakeholders. The social reporting process can be considered as an effective response to enable schools to become accountable, triggering fruitful stakeholder engagement processes and, at the same time, implementing a management tool.

This is an exploratory research paper. It aims to describe, through a questionnaire, the awareness and dissemination degree of social reporting in Public schools located in Southern Italy given the particularities of this area. Frequency percentage and descriptive statistical methods are used to interpret findings. Results show that, although social reporting is well known in theory, it is still under-used by schools in practice.
Online Dispute Resolution to Resolve Consumer Disputes from the Perspective of European Union Law: Is the Potential of ODR Fully Used?
Authors: Loutocký Pavel
Published: July 2016

Traditional judicial mechanisms did not offer an adequate solution for cross-border electronic commerce disputes. Although there has been expected great potential in solving disputes online and the rise of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) use, the assumptions has not been confirmed yet. Only a few examples demonstrate the success stories of ODR, which is in big contrast to the continuous growth of electronic transactions and in general with the use of the online environment. The European Commission however understood the potential of ODR and it is trying to foster the use of it by adopting the ODR Regulation and the ADR Directive. Such legal framework has been developed to apply in consumer disputes arising out of sales or providing services between an EU consumer and an EU trader.The ADR Directive sets out basic standards of ADR entities and processual rules under which it is possible to solve the dispute. Then under the ODR Regulation the complainant will be able to submit a complaint using the ODR platform. The complaint (and any related documentation) will be submitted to the ODR platform via an electronic form.Yet it is necessary to assess the risks of above mentioned legal framework. One of the great concerns are connected with possible forum shopping while providers are registering as ADR entities. Experienced trader (unlike the consumer) is able to choose ADR provider, which is more likely to decide in his favour. Possible exclusion of online negotiation or even online tools in general is then further underlining possible. The paper will thus assess main legal aspects of ADR / ODR legal framework of European Union Law and will deal with main problematic parts of it.
Neural oscillations as a signature of efficient coding in the presence of synaptic delays
Authors: Chalk Matthew , Gutkin Boris , Denève Sophie
Published: July 2016

Cortical networks exhibit 'global oscillations', in which neural spike times are entrained to an underlying oscillatory rhythm, but where individual neurons fire irregularly, on only a fraction of cycles. While the network dynamics underlying global oscillations have been well characterised, their function is debated. Here, we show that such global oscillations are a direct consequence of optimal efficient coding in spiking networks with synaptic delays and noise. To avoid firing unnecessary spikes, neurons need to share information about the network state. Ideally, membrane potentials should be strongly correlated and reflect a 'prediction error' while the spikes themselves are uncorrelated and occur rarely. We show that the most efficient representation is when: (i) spike times are entrained to a global Gamma rhythm (implying a consistent representation of the error); but (ii) few neurons fire on each cycle (implying high efficiency), while (iii) excitation and inhibition are tightly balanced. This suggests that cortical networks exhibiting such dynamics are tuned to achieve a maximally efficient population code.
Active-polarization-controlled long-depth focus generated by orthogonal nanoslit array
Authors: Zhu Lilin , Li Yuanjie , Sun Aihui , Xiong Zhicheng , Liu Cheng , Kong Yan , Wang Shouyu
Published: July 2016

In order to realize long-range directional excitation and coupling, active-polarization-controlled Bessel beams with an orthogonal nanoslit array are proposed. Excited with left or right circular polarization light, long-depth focus from Bessel beams can be generated with different propagation directions. Moreover, multiple long-depth foci are also designed according to dual-conical phase settings. Proved with numerical simulations, it is considered that the active-polarization-controlled system can be potentially used in future logic photonic and plasmonic systems for optical switching and multichannel coupling.
Thin film metallic glass as a diffusion barrier for copper indium gallium selenide solar cell on stainless steel substrate: A feasibility study
Authors: Diyatmika Wahyu , Xue Lingjun , Lin Tai-Nan , Chang Chia-wen , Chu Jinn P.
Published: July 2016

The feasibility of using Zr53.5Cu29.1Al6.5Ni10.9 thin-film metallic glass (TFMG) as a diffusion barrier for copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells on stainless steel (SS) is investigated. The detrimental Fe diffusion from SS into CIGS is found to be effectively hindered by the introduction of a 70-nm-thick TFMG barrier; the cell performance is thus improved. Compared with the 2.73% of CIGS on bare SS, a higher efficiency of 5.25% is obtained for the cell with the Zr52Cu32Al9Ni7 TFMG barrier.
Comparative analysis of SNP candidates in disparate milk yielding river buffaloes using targeted sequencing
Authors: Menon Ramesh , Patel Anand B. , Joshi Chaitanya
Published: July 2016

River buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk plays an important role in economy and nutritious diet in several developing countries. However, reliable milk-yield genomic markers and their functional insights remain unexposed. Here, we have used a target capture sequencing approach in three economically important buffalo breeds namely:Banni, JafrabadiandMehsani, belonging to either high or low milk-yield group. Blood samples were collected from the milk-yield/breed balanced group of 12 buffaloes, and whole exome sequencing was performed using Roche 454 GS-FLX Titanium sequencer. Using an innovative approach namely,MultiCom; we have identified high-quality SNPs specific for high and low-milk yield buffaloes. Almost 70% of the reported genes in QTL regions ofmilk-yieldandmilk-fatin cattle were present among the buffalo milk-yield gene candidates. Functional analysis highlighted transcriptional regulation category in the low milk-yield group, and several new pathways in the two groups. Further, the discovered SNP candidates may account for more than half of mammary transcriptome changes in high versus low-milk yielding cattle. Thus, starting from the design of a reliable strategy, we identified reliable genomic markers specific for high and low-milk yield buffalo breeds and addressed possible downstream effects.
A survey of the perceptions and behaviors of chiropractic interns pertaining to evidence-based principles in clinical decision making
Authors: Dane Dawn E. , Dane Andrew B. , Crowther Edward R.
Published: July 2016

Objective: This study explored how chiropractic interns applied evidenced-based concepts, the sources of evidence they used, and how useful they perceived these sources to be in clinical decision making.

Methods: A questionnaire containing 13 items in a Likert 5-point scale was administered to 28 chiropractic interns to gather information on the evidence types they commonly accessed and their perceived usefulness of these sources in clinical decision making. The interns were in the 8th semester of the training program.

Results: There was a 93% (n = 26) response rate. Clinical guidelines were rated as the most helpful resource in clinical decision making (81%), followed by lecture materials (77%), journals (54%), databases (50%), and textbooks (35%). Students recognized scientific evidence as the most important aspect in clinical decision making. They found their personal experience and the views of their clinician to be equally important and patient preference the least.

Conclusion: Interns routinely employed high-quality levels of evidence in clinical decision making. They also considered their early, limited clinical experience as important as that of their clinical supervisor in decision making. This finding should be investigated further.
Effect of time‐dependent 3‐D electron density gradients on high angle of incidence HF radiowave propagation
Authors: Zawdie K. A. , Drob D. P. , Huba J. D. , Coker C.
Published: July 2016

One of the challenges for the utilization of HF radiowaves in practical applications is to understand how the signals propagate in time‐ and range‐dependent multipath environments. For typical quiescent ionospheric conditions it is often reasonably straightforward to interpret received HF signals. For disturbed ionospheric conditions, however, such as in the presence of large tilts, irregularities, and medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs), data interpretation and utilization often becomes challenging. This paper presents a theoretical HF propagation modeling study that exploits the capabilities of a first principles, mesoscale resolution ionosphere code, SAMI3 (Sami3 is Another Model of the Ionosphere) and a new implementation of the 3‐D ray trace equations, MoJo‐15 (Modernized Jones Code) in order to examine the relationship between various HF propagation observables and MSTID characteristics. This paper demonstrates the implications of MSTIDS on high angle of incidence HF propagation during typical low‐latitude, postsunset ionospheric conditions and examines the spatiotemporal evolution of multiple propagation paths that may connect a given source and receiver.
The permanently shadowed regions of dwarf planet Ceres
Authors: Schorghofer Norbert , Mazarico Erwan , Platz Thomas , Preusker Frank , Schröder Stefan E. , Raymond Carol A. , Russell Christopher T.
Published: July 2016

Ceres has only a small spin axis tilt (4°), and craters near its rotational poles can experience permanent shadow and trap volatiles, as is the case on Mercury and on Earth's Moon. Topography derived from stereo imaging by the Dawn spacecraft is used to calculate direct solar irradiance that defines the extent of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs). In the northern polar region, PSRs cover ∼1800 km2 or 0.13% of the hemisphere, and most of the PSRs are cold enough to trap water ice over geological time periods. Based on modeling of the water exosphere, water molecules seasonally reside around the winter pole and ultimately an estimated 0.14% of molecules get trapped. Even for the lowest estimates of the amount of available water, this predicts accumulation rates in excess of loss rates, and hence, there should be fresh ice deposits in the cold traps.
A simple method for Bayesian model averaging of regional climate model projections: Application to southeast Australian temperatures
Authors: Olson Roman , Fan Yanan , Evans Jason P.
Published: July 2016

Recent studies using regional climate models to make probabilistic projections break important new ground. However, they typically lack cross validation, pull the projections toward agreeing models (which can agree due to shared biases), and ignore model skill at reproducing internal variability when weighing the models. Here we conduct the first, to our knowledge, application of Bayesian model averaging (BMA) to make probabilistic projections using regional climate models (RCMs). We weigh the RCMs from the NARCliM project based on their skill at representing temperature over 12 southeast Australian regions in terms of trend, bias, and internal variability. The weights do not depend on model agreement with other models. Using the weighted ensemble, we provide probabilistic seasonal temperature projections. We cross validate the method, and demonstrate that weighted projections are well calibrated and more precise than the unweighted ones. We find considerable differences between the weighted and the unweighted projections in some cases.
Impact of an interactive ocean on numerical weather prediction: A case of a local heavy snowfall event in eastern Korea
Authors: Kim Taekyun , Jin Emilia Kyung
Published: July 2016

To examine the impact of an interactive ocean on numerical weather prediction (NWP), numerical simulations of a heavy snowfall are performed using a coupled atmosphere‐ocean model. Results indicate that upper ocean conditions, such as the spatiotemporal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) and currents, have a significant impact on the heavy snowfall. SST condition, acting as source of energy for the formation of heavy snowfall, regulates intensity of heat and moisture fluxes and consequent convection. When an interactive ocean is included, mesoscale variations in SST in coastal regions, where satellite observations would be inaccurate, are successfully captured, and intensity and location of heavy snowfall are improved. These results suggest that coupled air‐sea interaction is an important physical mechanism in the intensity and structure of extreme weather events and, thus, that the inclusion of an interactive ocean in NWP model could improve weather prediction, particularly for localized severe weather.
Comparison of observed and simulated spatial patterns of ice microphysical processes in tropical oceanic mesoscale convective systems
Authors: Barnes Hannah C. , Houze Robert A.
Published: July 2016

To equitably compare the spatial pattern of ice microphysical processes produced by three microphysical parameterizations with each other, observations, and theory, simulations of tropical oceanic mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were forced to develop the same mesoscale circulations as observations by assimilating radial velocity data from a Doppler radar. The same general layering of microphysical processes was found in observations and simulations with deposition anywhere above the 0°C level, aggregation at and above the 0°C level, melting at and below the 0°C level, and riming near the 0°C level. Thus, this study is consistent with the layered ice microphysical pattern portrayed in previous conceptual models and indicated by dual‐polarization radar data. Spatial variability of riming in the simulations suggests that riming in the midlevel inflow is related to convective‐scale vertical velocity perturbations. Finally, this study sheds light on limitations of current generally available bulk microphysical parameterizations. In each parameterization, the layers in which aggregation and riming took place were generally too thick and the frequency of riming was generally too high compared to the observations and theory. Additionally, none of the parameterizations produced similar details in every microphysical spatial pattern. Discrepancies in the patterns of microphysical processes between parameterizations likely factor into creating substantial differences in model reflectivity patterns. It is concluded that improved parameterizations of ice‐phase microphysics will be essential to obtain reliable, consistent model simulations of tropical oceanic MCSs.
Associations Between Fat Mass and Multisite Pain: A Five‐Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Pan Feng , Laslett Laura , Blizzard Leigh , Cicuttini Flavia , Winzenberg Tania , Ding Changhai , Jones Graeme
Published: July 2016

Objective

Pain is common in older adults and typically involves multiple sites. Obesity is an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of pain and multisite pain (MSP). This study aimed to examine longitudinal associations between fat mass and MSP, and to explore the potential mechanisms of any associations.

Methods

Data from a longitudinal population‐based study of older adults (n = 1,099) were utilized with measurements at baseline and after 2.6 and 5.1 years. At each time point, presence/absence of pain at the neck, back, hands, shoulders, hips, knees, and feet was assessed by questionnaire. Fat mass was assessed by dual x‐ray absorptiometry, and height and weight were measured.

Results

Participants were of mean age 63 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 27.9 kg/m2, and 51% women. Participants reporting greater number of painful sites had greater fat mass, fat mass index (FMI), and BMI both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. In multivariable analyses, fat mass was associated with MSP (odds ratio [OR] 1.06 per SD; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02–1.10) and pain at the hands, knees, hips, and feet (OR 1.29–1.99 per SD, P < 0.05 for all). Results were similar for FMI and BMI, although the latter was also associated with back pain (OR 1.25 per SD, 95% CI 1.02–1.54).

Conclusion

Fat mass, FMI, and BMI are associated with MSP and pain at all lower‐extremity sites and hand pain, independent of sociodemographic, physical activity, and psychological factors. This suggests that both loading and systemic inflammatory factors may have an important role in the pathogenesis of fat‐related MSP.
Association Between Pain at Sites Outside the Knee and Knee Cartilage Volume Loss in Elderly People Without Knee Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Study
Authors: Pan Feng , Laslett Laura , Tian Jing , Cicuttini Flavia , Winzenberg Tania , Ding Changhai , Jones Graeme
Published: July 2016

Objective

Pain is common in the elderly. Knee pain may predict knee cartilage loss, but whether generalized pain is associated with knee cartilage loss is unclear. This study, therefore, aimed to determine whether pain at multiple sites predicts knee cartilage volume loss among community‐dwelling older adults, and, if so, to explore potential mechanisms.

Methods

Data from the prospective Tasmanian Older Adult Cohort study was utilized (n = 394, mean age 63 years, range 52–79 years). Experience of pain at multiple sites was assessed using a questionnaire at baseline. T1‐weighted fat‐saturated magnetic resonance imaging of the right knee was performed to assess the cartilage volume at baseline and after 2.6 years. Linear regression modeling was used with adjustment for potential confounders.

Results

The median number of painful sites was 3 (range 0–7). There was a dose‐response relationship between the number of painful sites and knee cartilage volume loss in the lateral and total tibiofemoral compartments (lateral β = −0.28% per annum; total β = −0.25% per annum, both P for trend < 0.05), but not in the medial compartment. These associations were stronger in participants without radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) (P < 0.05) and independent of age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, pain medication, and knee structural abnormalities.

Conclusion

The number of painful sites independently predicts knee cartilage volume loss, especially in people without knee OA, suggesting that widespread pain may be an early marker of more rapid knee cartilage loss in those without radiographic knee OA. The underlying mechanism is unclear, but it is independent of anthropometrics, physical activity, and knee structural abnormalities.
Vascular Evaluation of the Hand by Power Doppler Ultrasonography and New Predictive Markers of Ischemic Digital Ulcers in Systemic Sclerosis: Results of a Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Lescoat Alain , Coiffier Guillaume , Rouil Alban , Droitcourt Catherine , Cazalets Claire , de Carlan Marine , Perdriger Aleth , Jégo Patrick
Published: July 2016

Objective

To evaluate the relevance of power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) as a predictive tool of 1‐year digital ulcer (DU) occurrence in systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods

A total of 55 SSc patients and 19 controls underwent PDUS of both hands to evaluate the prevalence of ulnar artery occlusion (UAO) at baseline. Finger pulp blood flow (FPBF) of the third and fourth fingers was also assessed and considered as pathologic if a defect of the Doppler signal on a finger pulp was observed. All patients were clinically re‐evaluated 6 and 12 months later and new ischemic DU occurrences in the meantime were retrospectively recorded. Patients were also asked to call if new DUs occurred between consultations.

Results

PDUS parameters were normal in all controls. The prevalence of UAO was 36.4% and was bilateral in 70% of the SSc cases. A total of 56.4% of SSc patients had a pathologic FPBF. UAO and pathologic FPBF were associated with a history of multiple DU episodes (odds ratio [OR] 8.98 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.52–32.01], P < 0.001, and OR 4.69 [95% CI 1.30–16.93], P = 0.014, respectively) and the occurrence of new DUs during the followup in the univariable model (OR 8.73 [95% CI 2.00–38.16], P = 0.005, and OR 12.65 [95% CI 1.50–106.77], P = 0.005, respectively). The association of UAO and pathologic FPBF in the same patient was a predictive factor of new DUs in the multivariable analysis (P = 0.015).

Conclusion

This study suggests that UAO and pathologic FPBF are associated with a history of multiple DUs and are predictors of new ischemic DUs. These parameters could be used as prognostic factors and considered in further studies evaluating DU treatment strategies.
Prevalence of Axial Spondyloarthritis Among Patients With Fibromyalgia: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study With Application of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Classification Criteria
Authors: Ablin Jacob N. , Eshed Iris , Berman Mark , Aloush Valerie , Wigler Irena , Caspi Dan , Likhter Maria , Wollman Jonathan , Paran Daphna , Anouk Marina , Elkayam Ori
Published: July 2016

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of sacroiliitis, the radiographic hallmark of inflammatory spondyloarthropathy, among patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), using the current Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria and magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods

Patients experiencing FMS (American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria) were interviewed regarding the presence of spondyloarthritis (SpA) features and underwent HLA–B27 testing, C‐reactive protein (CRP) level measurement, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the sacroiliac joints. FMS severity was assessed by the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and the Short Form 36 health survey. SpA severity was assessed by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index.

Results

Sacroiliitis was demonstrated among 8 patients (8.1%) and ASAS criteria for diagnosis of axial SpA were met in 10 patients (10.2%). Imaging changes suggestive of inflammatory involvement (e.g., erosions and subchondral sclerosis) were demonstrated in 15 patients (17%) and 22 patients (25%), respectively. The diagnosis of axial SpA was positively correlated with increased CRP level and with physical role limitation at recruitment.

Conclusion

Imaging changes suggestive of axial SpA were common among patients with a diagnosis of FMS. These findings suggest that FMS may mask an underlying axial SpA, a diagnosis with important therapeutic implications. Physicians involved in the management of FMS should remain vigilant to the possibility of underlying inflammatory disorders and actively search for such comorbidities.
Value of History, Physical Examination, and Radiographic Findings in the Diagnosis of Symptomatic Meniscal Tear Among Middle‐Aged Subjects With Knee Pain
Authors: Katz Jeffrey N. , Smith Savannah R. , Yang Heidi Y. , Martin Scott D. , Wright John , Donnell‐Fink Laurel A. , Losina Elena
Published: July 2016

Objective

To evaluate the utility of clinical history, radiographic findings, and physical examination findings in the diagnosis of symptomatic meniscal tear (SMT) in patients over age 45 years, in whom concomitant osteoarthritis is prevalent.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional study of patients from 2 orthopedic surgeons' clinics, we assessed clinical history, physical examination findings, and radiographic findings in patients age >45 years with knee pain. The orthopedic surgeons rated their confidence that subjects' symptoms were due to meniscal tear; we defined the diagnosis of SMT as at least 70% confidence. We used logistic regression to identify factors independently associated with diagnosis of SMT, and we used the regression results to construct an index of the likelihood of SMT.

Results

In 174 participants, 6 findings were associated independently with the expert clinician having ≥70% confidence that symptoms were due to meniscal tear: localized pain, ability to fully bend the knee, pain duration <1 year, lack of varus alignment, lack of pes planus, and absence of joint space narrowing on radiographs. The index identified a low‐risk group with 3% likelihood of SMT.

Conclusion

While clinicians traditionally rely upon mechanical symptoms in this diagnostic setting, our findings did not support the conclusion that mechanical symptoms were associated with the expert's confidence that symptoms were due to meniscal tear. An index that includes history of localized pain, full flexion, duration <1 year, pes planus, varus alignment, and joint space narrowing can be used to stratify patients according to their risk of SMT, and it identifies a subgroup with very low risk.
Adequacy of Online Patient Information Resources on Gout and Potentially Curative Urate‐Lowering Treatment
Authors: Jimenez‐Liñan L. M. , Edwards L. , Abhishek A. , Doherty Michael
Published: July 2016

Objective

To assess the content and readability of online patient information resources against the current understanding of gout.

Methods

An online survey was undertaken using Google UK, USA, Australia, and Canada. Information was assessed for content and accuracy on 19 key points regarding core content for gout patient information resources. Readability was assessed using the Flesch‐Kincaid Reading Ease score. Fifteen randomly selected websites were reviewed by a blinded second observer.

Results

A total of 85 websites were selected. More than 50% of the websites provided no information or had inaccuracies regarding the pathogenesis of gout. Most websites contained information on dietary and lifestyle modifications for treating gout and did not emphasize urate‐lowering therapy (ULT) and its potential for cure. Over 75% of the websites had no/inaccurate information on the role of ULT or prophylaxis for preventing gout attacks on starting ULT. The majority of websites were difficult to read, with information in 68% of the websites rated at least fairly difficult.

Conclusion

Only a few web‐based patient information resources provide accurate and easy‐to‐read information on gout. This study will help physicians direct patients to currently reliable resources, but there is a need to improve many web‐based patient information resources, which at present act as barriers to care.
Variations in Radiographic Procedure Use for Medicare Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Schmajuk Gabriela , Tonner Chris , Trupin Laura , Yazdany Jinoos
Published: July 2016

Objective

In 2013, the American College of Rheumatology published its Choosing Wisely list, which identified 2 radiographic procedures (peripheral joint magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and dual x‐ray absorptiometry [DXA] scans) that were at risk for overuse.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cross‐sectional cohort study to measure the use of peripheral joint MRI, peripheral joint radiographs, and DXA scans in a national cohort of Medicare patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during 2008–2009, before the start of the Choosing Wisely campaign. Diagnoses were identified via International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes; utilization was calculated using Current Procedural Terminology codes. Utilization was analyzed at the individual level and at the regional level (by hospital referral region [HRR]).

Results

There were 8,051 patients with RA who were included: 81% were women, and the mean age was 76 years. Over a 2‐year period, the mean number of peripheral joint MRIs per beneficiary was 0.3 (median 0 [range 0–50]), peripheral joint radiographs per beneficiary was 2.6 (median 1 [range 0–33]), and DXA scans per beneficiary was 0.7 (median 0 [range 0–11]). Only 6.8% of patients received >1 peripheral joint MRI, and 6% of HRRs had a mean number of peripheral joint MRIs >1.

Conclusion

There is variation in the use of peripheral joint MRI, peripheral joint radiographs, and DXA scans among Medicare patients with RA, although only a small number of HRRs have consistently high utilization. Although we cannot judge the appropriateness of each procedure, variation in use across regions signals the need for investigations to examine potential overutilization.
High‐Aspect‐Ratio Parallel‐Plate Microchannels Applicable to Kinetic Analysis of Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Shima Kohei , Funato Yuichi , Sugiura Hidetoshi , Sato Noboru , Fukushima Yasuyuki , Momose Takeshi , Shimogaki Yukihiro
Published: July 2016

A method is proposed to fabricate a high‐aspect‐ratio (HAR) microchannel with a microscopic gap and AR of more than 1000:1 applicable to a test structure for kinetic analysis of chemical vapor deposition (CVD). It has a parallel‐plate structure and is formed concisely by sticking a planar Si substrate and a patterned Si or silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) substrate fabricated by single‐step etching, by clamping them. The resulting feature exhibits a uniform gap and smooth surface morphology along its depth. When CVD is conducted into this HAR microchannel, the sticking probability (η) of film‐forming species can be detected by analyzing the film thickness gradient. The use of a microchannel with an AR of 1000:1 enables the elucidation of η values from 1 down to the order of 10−7. A kinetic analysis of SiC‐CVD from methyltrichlorosilane and H2 is thus performed. It is found that conformal SiC‐film growth occurred inside the HAR microchannel, where one of the film‐forming species is revealed to have extremely low η around 10−6. The present study demonstrates that the developed HAR microchannel is a solution to access the overall reaction kinetics of CVDs, including film‐forming species with extremely low η.
Towards High‐Safe Lithium Metal Anodes: Suppressing Lithium Dendrites via Tuning Surface Energy
Authors: Wang Dong , Zhang Wei , Zheng Weitao , Cui Xiaoqiang , Rojo Teófilo , Zhang Qiang
Published: July 2016

The formation of lithium dendrites induces the notorious safety issue and poor cycling life of energy storage devices, such as lithium–sulfur and lithium–air batteries. We propose a surface energy model to describe the complex interface between the lithium anode and electrolyte. A universal strategy of hindering formation of lithium dendrites via tuning surface energy of the relevant thin film growth is suggested. The merit of the novel motif lies not only fundamentally a perfect correlation between electrochemistry and thin film fields, but also significantly promotes larger‐scale application of lithium–sulfur and lithium–air batteries, as well as other metal batteries (e.g., Zn, Na, K, Cu, Ag, and Sn).
Piezo‐Phototronic Effect Enhanced Flexible Solar Cells Based on n‐ZnO/p‐SnS Core–Shell Nanowire Array
Authors: Zhu Laipan , Wang Longfei , Xue Fei , Chen Libo , Fu Jianqiang , Feng Xiaolong , Li Tianfeng , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: July 2016

The piezo‐phototronic effect is about the enhanced separation, transport, and recombination of the photogenerated carriers using the piezoelectric polarization charges present in piezoelectric‐semiconductor materials. Here, it is presented that the piezo‐phototronic effect can be effectively applied to improve the relative conversion efficiency of a flexible solar cell based on n‐ZnO/p‐SnS core–shell nanowire array for 37.3% under a moderate vertical pressure. The performance of the solar cell can be effectively enhanced by a gentle bending of the device, showing its potential for application in curly geometries. This study not only adds further understanding about the concept of increasing solar energy conversion efficiency via piezo‐phototronic effect, but also demonstrates the great potential of piezo‐phototronic effect in the application of large‐scale, flexible, and lightweight nanowire array solar cells.
Low Sound Velocity Contributing to the High Thermoelectric Performance of Ag8SnSe6
Authors: Li Wen , Lin Siqi , Ge Binghui , Yang Jiong , Zhang Wenqing , Pei Yanzhong
Published: July 2016

Conventional strategies for advancing thermoelectrics by minimizing the lattice thermal conductivity focus on phonon scattering for a short mean free path. Here, a design of slow phonon propagation as an effective approach for high‐performance thermoelectrics is shown. Taking Ag8SnSe6 as an example, which shows one of the lowest sound velocities among known thermoelectric semiconductors, the lattice thermal conductivity is found to be as low as 0.2 W m−1 K−1 in the entire temperature range. As a result, a peak thermoelectric figure of merit zT > 1.2 and an average zT as high as ≈0.8 are achieved in Nb‐doped materials, without relying on a high thermoelectric power factor. This work demonstrates not only a guiding principle of low sound velocity for minimal lattice thermal conductivity and therefore high zT, but also argyrodite compounds as promising thermoelectric materials with weak chemical bonds and heavy constituent elements.
Endoscopic sinus surgery improves cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Alt Jeremiah A. , Mace Jess C. , Smith Timothy L. , Soler Zachary M.
Published: July 2016

Background

Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have been found to have cognitive deficit, as identified using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), but the exact etiology of cognitive decline is unknown. In this study we aimed to determine whether improvement in concomitant inflammation and disease burden in CRS, using endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), improves cognitive deficit. We also sought to identify comorbid conditions that effect improvement likelihood.

Methods

Study participants (n = 247) with and without nasal polyposis (CRSwNP, CRSsNP) were prospectively enrolled in this multi‐institutional, observational outcomes study. Pre‐ and postoperative cognitive dysfunction was evaluated using the CFQ instrument. Quality of life (QOL) and disease burden was also evaluated using the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI), the 22‐item SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), nasal endoscopy, computed tomography, and the 2‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐2).

Results

Average CFQ total scores improved significantly (p = 0.012) after ESS for patients with follow‐up (n = 141). Participants with CRSwNP (n = 51) reported significant postoperative improvements in mean CFQ total scores (p = 0.002) and CFQ distractibility and blunders domain scores (p ≤ 0.006). No significant postoperative improvement for any average CFQ score was found in CRSsNP (p > 0.086). The magnitude of postoperative improvement in CFQ total and domain mean scores was statistically similar between CRSsNP and CRSwNP (p > 0.115). Depressive disorder, identified using PHQ‐2 screening, was the only comorbid condition significantly associated with measurable cognitive deficit (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Patients with CRS have measurable cognitive decline, and ESS may modestly improve cognitive deficit/CFQ scores. Future investigations are needed to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for cognitive deficit in patients with CRS and significant associations with depression.
Transfer hydrogenation of aryl ketones with homogeneous ruthenium catalysts containing diazafluorene ligands
Authors: Baran Mehmet Fırat , Durap Feyyaz , Aydemir Murat , Baysal Akın
Published: July 2016

Novel cationic ruthenium(II) complexes bearing a 4,5‐diazafluorene unit and p‐cymene as ligands have been synthesised. The complexes were characterised based on elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The synthesised Ru(II) complexes were employed as pre‐catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones using 2‐propanol as both hydrogen source and solvent in the presence of NaOH. All complexes showed high catalytic activity as catalysts in the reduction of substituted acetophenones to corresponding secondary alcohols. The products of catalysis were obtained with conversion rates of between 80 and 99%. Among the seven new complexes investigated, the most efficient catalyst showed turnover frequencies in the range 255–291 h−1 corresponding to 85 to 97% conversion, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic carbon nanotube‐supported imidazolium cation‐based ionic liquid as a highly stable nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 2‐aminothiazoles
Authors: Zarnegar Zohre , Safari Javad
Published: July 2016

Magnetic carbon nanotube‐supported imidazolium ionic liquid (CNT‐Fe3O4‐IL) was synthesized and investigated using various characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies, X‐ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. In order to synthesize the CNT‐Fe3O4‐IL nanocomposites, Fe3O4‐decorated multi‐walled CNTs were modified with 1‐methyl‐3‐(3‐trimethoxysilylpropyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium chloride. This catalytic system was found to be a highly stable, active, reusable and solid‐phase catalyst for the synthesis of 2‐aminothiazoles via the one‐pot reaction of ketone, thiourea and N‐bromosuccinimide under mild conditions. Immobilized magnetic ionic liquid catalysis combines the advantages of ionic liquid media with magnetic solid support nanomaterials which enables the application of nanotechnology and green chemistry in chemical processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brief Report: Power Doppler Ultrasonography for Detection of Increased Vascularity in the Fascia: A Potential Early Diagnostic Tool in Fasciitis of Dermatomyositis
Authors: Yoshida Ken , Nishioka Makiko , Matsushima Satoshi , Joh Kensuke , Oto Yosuke , Yoshiga Masayuki , Otani Kazuhiro , Ito Haruyasu , Hirai Kenichiro , Furuya Kazuhiro , Ukichi Taro , Noda Kentaro , Kingetsu Isamu , Kurosaka Daitaro
Published: July 2016

Objective

We previously demonstrated that fasciitis is a common lesion of dermatomyositis (DM) that is detectable early after disease onset by en bloc muscle biopsy combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) is a useful method for detection of inflammation and vascularity in rheumatic diseases. We undertook this study to determine whether fasciitis was detectable by PDUS in patients with DM.

Methods

We prospectively evaluated 7 patients with DM and 7 patients with polymyositis (PM) for the detection of fasciitis with PDUS. MRI and PDUS were both performed in all patients. Fasciitis was histologically confirmed by en bloc biopsy.

Results

Among all patients with DM, 4 showed signs of fasciitis on MRI, while increased blood flow signals were observed along the fascia by PDUS in 6 DM patients, including 4 patients with early disease (<2 months after the onset of muscle symptoms). Histologically, significant fasciitis was confirmed in 4 patients with DM. In the remaining 3 patients with DM, significant fasciitis was not evident histologically, but mild proliferation of capillaries and mild inflammation were notable in the area of the fascia. Immunohistochemical staining for CD31 indicated abnormal neovascular proliferation in the fascia in patients with DM. None of the PM patients showed signs of fasciitis or increased vascularity by MRI, PDUS, or en bloc biopsy.

Conclusion

In our limited population, PDUS was useful for the detection of fasciitis associated with DM, especially in the early stage of disease. The increased blood flow signal as detected by PDUS is involved in angiogenesis accompanying fasciitis in patients with DM.