bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultura escolar nos cadernos de um professor de escola rural (Corralito-MT, 1930 a 1960) / Presence of school culture in a teacher's notebooks of rural school (Corralito-MT, 1930-1960)
Authors: Moreira Kênia Hilda , Dutra Luzia Aparecida Morais
Published: August 2018

Objetiva-se evidenciar a presença da cultura escolar pela análise de cinco cadernos que pertenceram ao Professor João Pantalhão Dourisboure, que lecionou entre as décadas de 1930 e 1960, na Escola Rural Corralito, sul de Mato Grosso. Os cadernos e demais fontes utilizadas pertencem a um acervo particular. Como referencial teórico, segue-se a perspectiva da cultura escolar, da cultura escrita e da história regional, ancoradas na Nova História Cultural. A análise permitiu evidenciar as dificuldades de acesso a materiais escolares, no contexto analisado, levando à confecção artesanal de cadernos a partir do aproveitamento de papéis diversos. Sobre o conteúdo escrito nos cadernos, destaca-se vestígios de características marcantes da Era Vargas, como a ênfase nos conteúdos de gramática da língua portuguesa, que suscita o cumprimento dos decretos de proibição por Getúlio Vargas de outra língua que não fosse a portuguesa, considerando-se especialmente a região de fronteira onde se localizava a Escola Corralito, fronteira como Paraguai. Outro vestígio foi a preocupação em reforçar a importância do trabalho, essencial para as relações sociais e a construção do país no período do Estado Novo. Destaca-se, por fim, a importância da conservação dessas fontes, que apresentam “testemunhos insubstituíveis” sobre as práticas escolares. * * *The objective of this study is to show the presence of the school culture through the analysis of five notebooks belonging to teacher João Pantalhão Dourisboure, who taught in the 1930s and 1960s at the Rural School Corralito, south of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The notebooks and other sources used belong to a particular collection. The theoretical reference is from the perspective of school culture, written culture and regional history, anchored in the New Cultural History. The analysis revealed the difficulties of access to school materials in the analyzed context, leading to the handmade making of notebooks from the use of diverse ways. On the contents written in the notebooks, there are traces of striking features of the Vargas Age, such as the emphasis on the grammar content of the Portuguese language, which provokes the compliance with the decrees of prohibition by Getúlio Vargas of another language that was not Portuguese, especially considering the border region where the Corralito School was located, near Paraguay. Another vestige was the concern to reinforce the importance of the work, essential for the social relations and the construction of the country in the period of Estado Novo in Brazil. Finally, the importance of conserving sources such as these, which present "irreplaceable testimony" about school practices.
Vou aprender a ler pra ensinar meus camaradas: associativismo negro e educação no pós-abolição / I will learn to read to teach my comrades: black associativism and post-abolition education
Authors: Ribeiro Jonatas Roque
Published: August 2018

Este artigo pretendeu evidenciar algumas práticas executadas, no campo educacional, pelo coletivo negro associado ao Clube 28 de Setembro em Pouso Alegre, Minas Gerais. Os recentes estudos sobre associativismo negro no pós-abolição têm revelado o quanto associações beneficentes e culturais, formadas por homens e mulheres negras, contribuíram para a constituição e consolidação de ideias e ações práticas no campo educacional. Verificou-se também que, para aqueles sujeitos, a educação foi considerada a porta de entrada para a ascensão econômica e social, além de ser um meio de combate ao preconceito de cor e uma forma de garantia ao exercício da cidadania plena.* * *This article intends to highlight some of the practices carried out in the educational field by the black group associated to the Clube 28 de Setembro in Pouso Alegre, Minas Gerais. Recent studies of black associativism in post-abolition have revealed how much benevolent and cultural associations formed by black men and women have contributed to the constitution and consolidation of practical ideas and actions in the educational field. It was also found that, for those subjects, education was considered the gateway to economic and social rise, as well as being a means of combating color bias and a form of guarantee to the exercise of full citizenship.
Cartografias da cidade (in)visível: setores populares, cultura escrita, educação e leitura no Rio de Janeiro imperial
Authors: Silva Giuslane Francisca Da
Published: August 2018

Resenha: VENÂNCIO, G. M.; SECRETO, M. V.; RIBEIRO, G. S. (org.). Cartografias da cidade (in)visível: setores populares, cultura escrita, educação e leitura no Rio de Janeiro imperial. Rio de Janeiro: Mauad X: Faperj, 2017.
Expediente / Initials pages
Authors: Educação Revista De História e Historiografia da
Published: August 2018

Revista de História e Historiografia da Educaçãov. 2, n. 5 / 2018
Editorial
Authors: Machado Jr. Cláudio De Sá , Orlando Evelyn De Almeida
Published: August 2018

Revista de História e Historiografia da Educaçãov. 2, n. 5 / 2018
A Cognitive Approach to the Semantics in the Sacred Context: Semantic and Symbolic Function of Sacred Words
Authors: Singh Rajdeep
Published: August 2018

One of the intriguing features of language interaction with society and culture is the position of certain words as sacred within that society. Thus, it is important to analyze the social process through which sacred words present their particular features. In this paper, we show how sacred words gain their symbolic prominence. Furthermore, we propose a cognitive-semantic model based on the hypothesis of historic automaticity chain that explains well the reason behind the loss of semantics of the sacred words. In this paper, we compare some sacred words across many Indo-European languages and analyze how the very same sacred words lost ground to other words and became almost empty of semantics and word origin, while still preserving the symbolic notion. This study brings the notion of abstraction to the sacred word framework and clarifies the ways the mind processes sacred semantics. In order to support our hypothesis, we performed two small-scale psycho-linguistic experiments and the results confirmed our hypothesis.
An Evaluation of the Implementation Synergy between NCE-Integrated Science and the 9-Year Basic Science Curricula in Nigeria
Authors: Atomatofa Rachel O. , Avbenagha Andrew E , Ewesor Stella E , Abugor Okpako C
Published: August 2018

The Curriculum of the Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) has implications for the Curriculum of the 9-yearBasic Education (BEC) programme in Nigeria. Hence the National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE)came up with a vision of producing well motivated teachers with high professional integrity and competence. Boththe in-service and pre-service teachers need to be conversant with the content of the 9– year Basic EducationCurriculum (BEC). Are there implementation synergies in the topics, laboratory exercises and nature of assessmentin the NCE integrated Science and the 9-year basic science curricula as perceived by the in-service and pre-serviceteachers who are recipients of the NCE-integrated science curriculum and who also implement the 9-year basicscience curriculum? 4 research questions and 4 research hypotheses guided this study. A sample of 180 pre-serviceand in-service basic science teachers who are recipients of the new 2012 NCCE Curriculum in Integrated-sciencefrom the South – South Geo-political zones in Nigeria were used. A 4-point Likert scale ’24-item questionnaire’called the Curriculum Implementation Synergy Questionnaire was used to obtain data. A cronbach alpha reliabilityco-efficient of 0.75 was obtained. Results showed that a larger proportion of both pre-service and in-service teachersagreed that there was high level of synergy in both curricula. It is recommended that the few topics and laboratoryexercises not found in both curricula should be added and the present basic science teachers who are not recipient ofthe present curriculum should be trained in line with the present curriculum.
Perceptions Towards Integrating Desire2Learn System in EFL Teaching and Learning Processes
Authors: Amin Eman Abdel-Reheem , Mohammed Faiza Abdalla ELhussien
Published: August 2018

This study applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in investigating teachers and students’ perceptions towards integrating the D2L system to enhance EFL teaching and learning processes at the English language department, Majmaah University. Two close-ended questionnaires were designed to measure the participants’ perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitudes, and intentions to use D2L. To understand participants’ perceptions and the obstacles that may hinder their use of D2L, an interview with open-ended questions were conducted. Data from the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS. Qualitative analysis of the interview data showed the frequencies and proportions of participants’ responses. The findings indicated that the D2L system is totally accepted by teachers and students. Few problems along with their suggested solutions were grouped, presented and discussed.
English in an EFL Context: Teachers’ and Learners’ Motivations for English Language Learning
Authors: Zarrabi Fatemeh
Published: August 2018

The present study explores the ways in which English is used in public discourse in Tehran-Iran and the motivations of Iranian - English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners and teachers towards English language learning. The paper begins with an overview of different places in which English is used in Iran, such as media, public signs, traffic signs, advertisements, products, people’s ordinary lives, and education. A cohort of 327 participants, including 168 Iranian EFL learners (male and female) and 159 experienced Iranian EFL teachers (male and female) responded to an English language motivation questionnaire. The results revealed that there is an active presence of English in Iran. In addition, the majority of Iranian EFL learners and teachers involved in the study regard English as an important part of their lives for many and various reasons such as being up-to-date, love, education, learning a new skill, being promoted, having a better and more highly qualified job and increased life chances.
O chão, o pano e o bastão
Authors: Reyes Rose Helena
Published: August 2018

Texto autobiográfico que atravessa experiência em teatro, arte/educação e formação de professores. Toma-se tres “materiais não-estruturados” – chão, pano e bastão, enquanto elementos estruturais e estruturantes dessas práticas, ao mesmo tempo concretas e simbólicas. Um passeio por registros fotográficos dá espaço a memória corporal dos diversos trabalhos que desenvolvi e a faz reencontrar esses tres elementos sempre presentes, construindo e transformando suas experiencias. Comporiam, chão, pano e bastão, uma via de navegação que traz os conflitos presentes nas relações humanas em volta da criação, o desafio de posicionar-se diante das múltiplas possibilidades e efemeridade das produções simbólicas, a aproximação ao enigma do desejo.
Narrativa afetiva de uma artista educadora
Authors: Ruggeri Maria Carolina Duprat
Published: August 2018

O artigo apresenta uma narrativa de uma artista educadora considerando aspectos de seu período de formação e de atuação, no âmbito do ensino superior, enfatizando a relação de interdependência que há entre a arte e o ensino da arte. A narrativa tem como principal fundamento a perspectiva fenomenológica e mais especificamente as concepções de percepção e intersubjetividade proposta por Maurice Merleau-Ponty, em diálogo com os conceitos de percepção e afecção de Henri Bergson, que mobilizam a produção artística e a relação de ensino; e a permanente reversibilidade entre o que vemos e o que nos olha, proposta por Georges Didi-Huberman, que traz a emoção como força mobilizadora. Destaca-se também a importância da experiência estética no ensino da arte, segundo a abordagem de John Dewey. O entrelaçamento dessas perspectivas nos leva a considerar a importância da relação afetiva no processo de formação e atuação do artista e do educador.
Notas acerca das ressonâncias de um processo de iniciação artística na criação de si
Authors: Rocha Ana Cristina Rossetto
Published: August 2018

Um conjunto de entrevistas realizadas com ex-alunos da Escola Municipal de Iniciação Artística (São Paulo, SP) constituiu o material de pesquisa da minha tese de doutorado. Ela investiga a atuação da memória como dispositivo de ressignificação e a potência da iniciação artística como campo propício às práticas do cuidado de si – noção que atravessou a cultura e a filosofia greco-romana por um período de longa duração e foi retomada por Foucault nos seus últimos trabalhos. A abordagem cartográfica, referenciada no conceito de cartografia de Deleuze e Guattari oferece a principal orientação metodológica. Compartilhar recortes deste trabalho relacionando-os à temática deste dossiê é o objetivo deste artigo.
Encuentros que afectan y generan saber pedagógico entre docentes a través de cartografías visuales
Authors: Hernández Fernando Hernández-
Published: August 2018

Este artículo es parte de una investigación sobre cómo aprenden los docentes de secundaria. Una peculiaridad de este proyecto es que cuestiona diferentes dualidades características de la investigación cualitativa: la relación entre investigadores e investigadores se asume desde la trama de relaciones y no desde una distancia separadora; la generación de evidencias se lleva a cabo a partir de una experiencia de configurar cartografías visuales que permiten expandir sentidos y  cuestionar el dualismo entre imagen y palabra; el análisis no pretender extraer una verdad de los datos por parte del investigador, sino se configura como  un proceso de pensar que permite, a partir de conceptos, investigar desde la teoría; la propia noción de ‘datos’ es revisada, pues no se considera algo que ‘está ahí fuera’ sino que se genera en los encuentros; finalmente, la investigación no termina sólo en publicaciones académicas, sino en nuevos encuentros con docentes, donde la práctica de la formación se realiza para generar saber pedagógico de manera compartida. De una de estas experiencias de formación se da cuenta en este texto. Experiencia que ponemos en relación con la noción de ‘afectos’ que se sitúa en las intra-acciones relacionales que generan transformaciones en los docentes.
Experiencias y registros en escuelas rurales de Chiloé, Patagonia Chilena: Educando en libertad
Authors: Zeran Sergio Trabucco
Published: August 2018

A través de dibujos, cartas, fotografías y juegos, se realizaron ciclos de talleres en escuelas rurales unidocentes y multigrados en la Isla Grande y en la Isla Quinchao del Archipiélago de Chiloé, en la Patagonia Chilena, lo que resultó, por un lado, en la confección de una bitácora de la experiencia, y por otro, en ciclos de talleres a cargo de artistas de Chile, Brasil y Argentina. Se trata de proyectos en construcción (vivos) en tanto registros de experiencias de memoria y territorio que nacen en un contexto de crisis de la educación pública en Chile, iniciada en 2006 por los estudiantes escolares, presentándose como una necesidad por parte del autor, quien además es profesor en la Universidad de Chile pero que no está restringido a un territorio, por mirarse, descubrirse y entender el lugar que habitamos en una constante contraposición escuela/campo, poniendo en tensión la concepción de ciudad y modernidad desde una concepción autobiográfica e identitaria.
Incompressible flow in granulated porous media with null initial velocity
Authors: Boldrini José Luiz , Lukaszczyk João Paulo
Published: August 2018

In this work we study a Navier-Stokes type equation which models the flow of a viscous, homogeneous and incompressible fluid in a isotropic granular (non consolidated) porous media. Using point fixed type arguments we obtain conditions for existence of solution for the equation in Hölder's spaces.
Algumas considerações com referência às formas de representação da Terra através de coordenadas UTM
Authors: Becker Elisabeth Léia Spode , Piroli Edson Luis , Trevisan Mario Luiz , Cassol Roberto
Published: August 2018

The elaboration of maps is such an old activity that made a mistakes with the humanity's own history. This shows the importance that the map allways had for the man. lt was objectified to present in summarized form some considerations concerning as form of representation of the curved surface of the Earth on a plan. This article made a larger detail of the Universal Transverse of Mercator - UTM projection. Projection this, recommended, in 1951, for the International Geodesic Association for use in the whole world as a form for the international cartographic standard, in big scale. In Brazil, the UTM system became adopted in 1955, for the Management of Geographical Service of the Army (DSG)
Le phonème /r/ en franco-ontarien : réalisations et perceptions
Authors: Reguigui Ali
Published: August 2018

Ali Reguigui
inscrit son étude dans le cadre de la phonétique articulatoire et de la sociophonétique, fond
é
e sur les données d’un questionnaire sociolinguistique recueillies auprès de sujets franco-ontariens. Il examine le cas de la consonne roulée alvéolaire voisée /r/ du latin, qui a persévéré en ancien français et moyen français jusqu’au

xvii

e

siècle dans les centres urbains, et jusqu’au

xviii

e

siècle en général pour se faire remplacer par la consonne roulée uvulaire voisée, communément qualifiée de grasseyée et marquée comme variante de prestige en France. Au Québec, au début du

xx

e

siècle, c’est le [r] roulé, associé à l’élite intellectuelle, qui était valorisé. Dévalorisée vers le milieu de ce siècle, cette variante est abandonnée par l’élite au profit de la variante grasseyée et elle marque de plus en plus le langage de la classe populaire. Ces perceptions se traduisent par des jugements de valeur ou des clichés sur l’usage de ces variantes. Qu’en est-il de l’usage et de la perception du phonème /r/ chez les Franco-Ontariens, une minorité bilingue qui vit en contact constant avec l’anglais
 ?
Quelles sont leurs réalisations du phonème /r/ et quelles en sont leurs perceptions
 
? Cette étude apporte des réponses à ces questions.
Chronique
Authors: Bock Michel
Published: August 2018

En annexe à ce douzième volume, notre confrère Michel Bock a compilé dans la « Chronique » les faits saillants survenus depuis la parution du dernier volume et les nouvelles des membres reliées à leurs activités professionnelles. Nous y joignons le compte rendu des activités récentes de la Société des Dix que son secrétaire, Fernand Harvey, a préparé à notre intention.
Les voyages des manuscrits de la mer Morte
Authors: Duhaime Bernard , Labadie Camille
Published: August 2018

Depuis la découverte des premiers rouleaux de parchemin en 1947, les Manuscrits de la mer Morte ont fait l’objet de nombreuses querelles non seulement d’ordre théologique et archéologique, mais également d’ordre culturel, politique et juridique. Actuellement détenus en grande majorité par Israël, ces Manuscrits sont désormais au coeur de revendications concurrentes dans la mesure où tant Israël que la Jordanie et l’Autorité palestinienne en réclament la propriété. Dans cette perspective, le présent article se propose non seulement d’explorer les enjeux juridiques soulevés par la question de la propriété des Manuscrits de la mer Morte, plus spécifiquement ce qui a trait aux normes de droit international, mais également de mettre en lumière la manière dont les questions relatives au patrimoine culturel et religieux conservent une dimension hautement politique du fait de l’implication des États dans la protection de ces biens, et de la notion de territoire qu’elle implique.
A short history of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Columbia-0
Authors: Somssich Marc
Published: August 2018

75 Years ago Arabidopsis thaliana was first suggested as a Model Plant – But how did Arabidopsis Col-0 become the standard natural accession? This is a short history of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Columbia-0.
Isolation and characterization of Ty1-copia retrotransposons in Saccharum officinarum
Authors: Chen Ke , Yu Fan , Huang Yongji , Wu Xianglin , Yang Shan , Li Xueting , Zeng Kai , Hu Xuguang , Huang Fei , Deng Zuhu , Zhang Muqing
Published: August 2018

Background. Saccharum officinarum is the most significant resource for sugar and high-yield genes in sugarcane breeding programs. However, the unknown information of evolution and genome organization remain largely in the sugarcane, which has limited progress in sugarcane breeding. Retrotransposons occupy a large proportion of the plant genome; therefore, characterization of Ty1-copia retrotransposons will improve understanding of the evolution and organization of plant genomes.

Methods. The present study isolated conserved domains of Ty1-copia retrotransposon-encoded reverse transcriptase genes from S. officinarum to characterize their phylogenetic diversity, genomic abundance, and chromosomal distribution.

Results. In total, 42 Ty1-copia reverse transcriptase sequences with 35-100% similarity and high levels of heterogeneity were obtained. Of them, 11 (26%) were disrupted by stop codons and/or frameshift mutations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed these sequences could be split into four distinct evolutionary lineages (Tork/TAR, Tork/Angela, Sire/Maximus, and Retrofit/Ale). Dot blot analysis showed that Ty1-copia retrotransposons represent a significant portion of the S. officinarum genome, with copy numbers as high as 1.7 × 105. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that Ty1-copia retrotransposons were dispersed within heterochromatic regions among all S. officinarum chromosomes, with around 30 obvious signals clustering in terminal regions. However, Ty1-copia retrotransposons were not found in nucleolar organizing regions of 45S rDNA.

Discussion. These results serve to enhance our understanding of the chromosomal distribution and evolution of the S. officinarum genome as well as promote possible utilization of retrotransposons in sugarcane breeding programs.
Dynamic system with random structure for modeling security and risk management in cyberspace
Authors: Dzhalladova Irada , Růžičková Miroslava
Published: August 2018

We deal with the investigation of \(L_{2}\)-stability of the trivial solution to the system of difference equations with coefficients depending on a semi-Markov chain. In our considerations, random transformations of solutions are assumed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for \(L_{2}\)-stability of the trivial solution to such systems are obtained. A method is proposed for constructing Lyapunov functions and the conditions for its existence are justified. The dynamic system and methods discussed in the paper are very well suited for use as models for protecting information in cyberspace.
Oscillatory behavior of even-order nonlinear differential equations with a sublinear neutral term
Authors: Graef John R. , Grace Said R. , Tunç Ercan
Published: August 2018

The authors present a new technique for the linearization of even-order nonlinear differential equations with a sublinear neutral term. They establish some new oscillation criteria via comparison with higher-order linear delay differential inequalities as well as with first-order linear delay differential equations whose oscillatory characters are known. Examples are provided to illustrate the theorems.
Difference equations with impulses
Authors: Danca Marius , Fečkan Michal , Pospíšil Michal
Published: August 2018

Difference equations with impulses are studied focussing on the existence of periodic or bounded orbits, asymptotic behavior and chaos. So impulses are used to control the dynamics of the autonomous difference equations. A model of supply and demand is also considered when Li-Yorke chaos is shown among others.
Structure of the chromatin remodelling enzyme Chd1 bound to a ubiquitinylated nucleosome
Authors: Sundaramoorthy Ramasubramanian , Hughes Amanda L , El-Mkami Hassane , Norman David G , Ferreira Helder , Owen-Hughes Tom
Published: August 2018

ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling proteins represent a diverse family of proteins that share ATPase domains that are adapted to regulate protein–DNA interactions. Here, we present structures of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chd1 protein engaged with nucleosomes in the presence of the transition state mimic ADP-beryllium fluoride. The path of DNA strands through the ATPase domains indicates the presence of contacts conserved with single strand translocases and additional contacts with both strands that are unique to Snf2 related proteins. The structure provides connectivity between rearrangement of ATPase lobes to a closed, nucleotide bound state and the sensing of linker DNA. Two turns of linker DNA are prised off the surface of the histone octamer as a result of Chd1 binding, and both the histone H3 tail and ubiquitin conjugated to lysine 120 are re-orientated towards the unravelled DNA. This indicates how changes to nucleosome structure can alter the way in which histone epitopes are presented.
Exploiting natural regulation
Authors: Proenza Catherine
Published: August 2018

Using a short peptide to regulate the activity of HCN ion channels illustrates how physiological modulators could inspire new drugs.
Increased misophonia in self-reported Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response
Authors: Janik McErlean Agnieszka B. , Banissy Michael J.
Published: August 2018

Background

Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a sensory experience elicited by auditory and visual triggers, which so far received little attention from the scientific community. This self-reported phenomenon is described as a relaxing tingling sensation, which typically originates on scalp and spreads through a person’s body. Recently it has been suggested that ASMR shares common characteristics with another underreported condition known as misophonia, where sounds trigger negative physiological, emotional and behavioural responses. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether ASMR is associated with heightened levels of misophonia.

Methods

The Misophonia Questionnaire (MQ) was administered to individuals reporting to experience ASMR and to age and gender matched controls.

Results

Compared to controls ASMR group scored higher on all subscales of MQ including the Misophonia Symptom Scale, the Misophonia Emotions and Behaviors Scale and the Misophonia Severity Scale.

Discussion

Individuals reporting ASMR experience have elevated levels of misophonia.
Fossil mammals from the Gondolin Dump A ex situ hominin deposits, South Africa
Authors: Adams Justin W.
Published: August 2018

The Gondolin palaeokarstic system, located in the UNESCO Fossil Hominids of South Africa World Heritage Site, has been sporadically excavated since the 1970s. Sampling of ex situ dumpsites in 1997 recovered the only two fossil hominin specimens recovered thus far from Gondolin. While one partial mandibular molar (GA 1) remains unattributed, the complete mandibular second molar (GA 2) represents the largestParanthropus robustusBroom, 1938 tooth identified to date. While subsequent excavations and research at Gondolin has clarified the geological, temporal, taphonomic, and palaeoecologic context for the in situ deposits, this paper presents the first comprehensive description of the fossil assemblage ‘associated’ with the two ex situ hominins. Analysis of 42 calcified sediment blocks and naturally decalcified sediments excavated from three cubic metres of the Dump A deposits reinforce that the dump contains a heterogeneous aggregation of materials from across the Gondolin sedimentary deposits. A total of 15,250 individual fossil specimens were processed (via sifting or acetic-acid mediated processing of calcified sediment blocks), yielding a faunal record that largely mirrors that described from either (or both) the GD 1 and GD 2 in situ assemblages but includes representatives of four novel mammal groups (Families Cercopithecidae, Felidae, Herpestidae, Giraffidae) not recorded in either in situ sample. While basic assemblage characteristics including primary taphonomic data is presented, analysis and interpretation is limited by the ex situ origin of the sample. Ultimately, these results reinforce that the substantial mining-mediated obliteration of palaeokarstic deposits at Gondolin continue to obscure a clear association between the Gondolin Dump A hominins and any of the sampled and dated in situ deposits.
Mechanical Properties of Model Two‐Phase Composites with Continuous Compared to Discontinuous Phases
Authors: Sabet Fereshteh Alsadat , Su Frances Yenan , McKittrick Joanna , Jasiuk Iwona
Published: August 2018

Composites with stiff and soft phases are widely used in engineering applications and are found in nature. Geometrical arrangements of phases in composites can significantly influence overall properties. This study focuses on the numerical and experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of model two‐phase composites with different phase geometries including an interpenetrating phase composite with two continuous phases, a matrix‐inclusion composite with a continuous and a discontinuous phase, and a discontinuous phase composite where both phases are discontinuous. These different types of composites are fabricated by additive manufacturing and their mechanical performance is studied both experimentally, using compression testing and digital image correlation, and numerically by a finite element analysis. It is observed that continuity of the stiff phase leads to a stiffer overall response of composites. Furthermore, while the stiff phase enhances the overall elastic modulus by enduring a larger fraction of the load, the soft phase provides load redistribution resulting in a higher load‐bearing capacity. Finally, these composite types are simulated using properties of bone constituents (collagen and hydroxyapatite) and results imply that bone may be an interpenetrating phase composite. The findings of this study provide guidance for the design of advanced composites with superior properties.
Long Thermal Stability of Inverted Perovskite Photovoltaics Incorporating Fullerene‐Based Diffusion Blocking Layer
Authors: Galatopoulos Fedros , Papadas Ioannis T. , Armatas Gerasimos S. , Choulis Stelios A.
Published: August 2018

In this article, the stability of inverted (p‐i‐n) perovskite solar cells is studied under accelerated heat lifetime conditions (60 °C, 85 °C, and N2 atmosphere). By using a combination of buffer layer engineering, impedance spectroscopy, and other characterization techniques, the interaction of the perovskite active layer with the top Al metal electrode through diffusion mechanisms is proposed as the major thermal degradation pathway for planar inverted perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) under 85 °C heat conditions. It is shown that by using thick solution processed fullerene buffer layer the perovskite active layer can be isolated from the top metal electrode and improve the lifetime performance of the inverted perovskite photovoltaics at 85 °C. Finally, an optimized reliable solution processed inverted perovskite PV device using thick fullerene diffusion blocking layer with over 1000 h accelerated heat lifetime performance at 60 °C is presented.
Unraveling Photostability of Mixed Cation Perovskite Films in Extreme Environment
Authors: Yang Jianming , Hong Qiuming , Yuan Zhongcheng , Xu Ruipeng , Guo Xuewen , Xiong Shaobing , Liu Xianjie , Braun Slawomir , Li Yanqing , Tang Jianxin , Duan Chungang , Fahlman Mats , Bao Qinye
Published: August 2018

Organometal halide perovskites exhibit a bright future for applications in solar cells, as efficiency has achieved over 22%. The long‐term stability remains a major obstacle for commercialization. Here, it is found that three cationic compositional engineered perovskites, MAPb(I0.83Br0.17)3, FA0.83MA0.17Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3, and Cs0.1(FA0.83MA0.17)0.9Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3, undergo severe degradation under white‐light illumination in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) environment, but the rate of degradation is significantly lower for the mixed cation perovskites. This is attributed to the defect‐induced trap states that trigger the strong coupling between the photoexcited carriers and the crystal lattice. The observed behavior supports the view of the mixed cations suppressing the photoinduced degradation. It is further demonstrated that UHV environment remarkably accelerates the degradation of the perovskite films under illumination, which delivers a very important message that the current hybrid perovskite materials and their optoelectronic devices are not suitable for application in outer space. Moreover, the applied UHV environment can be an accelerated test method to estimate the photostability of the perovskites.
Efficient Water Splitting Cascade Photoanodes with Ligand‐Engineered MnO Cocatalysts
Authors: Lee Mi Gyoung , Jin Kyoungsuk , Kwon Ki Chang , Sohn Woonbae , Park Hoonkee , Choi Kyoung Soon , Go Yoo Kyung , Seo Hongmin , Hong Jung Sug , Nam Ki Tae , Jang Ho Won
Published: August 2018

The band edge positions of semiconductors determine functionality in solar water splitting. While ligand exchange is known to enable modification of the band structure, its crucial role in water splitting efficiency is not yet fully understood. Here, ligand‐engineered manganese oxide cocatalyst nanoparticles (MnO NPs) on bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) anodes are first demonstrated, and a remarkably enhanced photocurrent density of 6.25 mA cm−2 is achieved. It is close to 85% of the theoretical photocurrent density (≈7.5 mA cm−2) of BiVO4. Improved photoactivity is closely related to the substantial shifts in band edge energies that originate from both the induced dipole at the ligand/MnO interface and the intrinsic dipole of the ligand. Combined spectroscopic analysis and electrochemical study reveal the clear relationship between the surface modification and the band edge positions for water oxidation. The proposed concept has considerable potential to explore new, efficient solar water splitting systems.
Spore wall ultrastructure and development in a basal euphyllophyte: Psilophyton dawsonii from the Lower Devonian of Quebec (Canada)
Authors: Noetinger Sol , Strayer Sandra L. , Tomescu Alexandru M.F.
Published: August 2018

Premise of the Study

Euphyllophytes, a clade including living ferns, horsetails, and seed plants, have a rich fossil record going back to the Early Devonian. The euphyllophyte spore wall has a complex structure, the evolutionary origins of which are incompletely understood. Psilophyton is the best‐characterized basal euphyllophyte genus; thus, data on this genus can inform current hypotheses on spore wall structure and development, which propose a bilayered spore wall organization of combined spore and sporangial origin for the ancestral euphyllophyte.

Methods

We employed cellulose acetate peel sectioning of permineralized Lower Devonian (Emsian) Psilophyton dawsonii sporangia, combined with electron microscopy, to document spore wall structure and development.

Key Results

The Psilophyton dawsonii spore wall is bilayered. The inner spore wall is homogeneous, probably of lamellar construction. The outer spore wall, loosely attached to the inner wall, covers distal and equatorial spore areas, and has a foveolate base layer upon which stacks of sporopollenin lumps accrete centrifugally, forming the scaffolding for the final apiculate ornamentation.

Conclusions

This is the most complete account on spore wall structure, allowing developmental interpretations, in a basal euphyllophyte. The bipartite organization of the Psilophyton dawsonii spore wall reflects development as a result of two processes: an inner layer laid down by the spore cell and an outer layer of tapetal origin. Providing direct evidence on the spore wall of a basal euphyllophyte, these data confirm previous hypotheses and mark an empirically supported starting point for discussions of the evolution of spore wall development in euphyllophytes.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reduction of Aryl Sulfones to Arenes by Means of Alkylmagnesium Reagents
Authors: Fukuda Jun‐ichi , Nogi Keisuke , Yorimitsu Hideki
Published: August 2018

A cobalt‐catalyzed reduction of aryl sulfones to the corresponding arenes has been developed. With a cobalt‐IPr catalyst and a primary alkylmagnesium reagent as the hydride source, a range of aryl sulfones and some other organosulfur compounds could be reduced.
Creating a smart textile via the self‐assembly of responsive polymer particles on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers
Authors: Liu Jiguang , Shi Gaoli , Liu Yue , Chen Siyan , Shang Cong
Published: August 2018

A novel method is presented for the construction of a hierarchical microstructure/nanostructure via the chemical self‐assembly of poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) particles on polyester fibers. The textile of the particle‐bound fibers possessed smart wettability and an oil‐absorbing capacity. The wettability was dependent on the initial contact angle and spreading time of water droplets on the particle‐bound textile, which could be controlled with the content of acrylic acid inserted into the polymer chains. The wettability of the particle‐bound textile was responsive to the pH value. In addition, the textile was superoleophilic on an air–solid surface and could absorb oil quickly from water. The oil‐absorbing capacity could be controlled by the alteration of the pH value. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46834.
Dynamische Entwicklung des Lebens nach der Kohle
Authors: Donat Ralf
Published: August 2018

In Sielmanns Naturlandschaft Wanninchen, in der Niederlausitz im südlichen Brandenburg gelegen, hat sich seit dem Ende der Braunkohleförderung eine struktur‐ und artenreiche Bergbaufolgelandschaft entwickelt. Riesige Sanddünen, Kleingewässer und Seen prägen das Bild und bieten zahlreichen extrem seltenen Pflanzen, Insekten, Amphibien und Vögeln Lebensraum. Sandstrohblume, Kreiselwespe, Wechselkröte, Kranich und Wolf zählen zu den charakteristischen Attraktionen. Prägend ist der ständige Wandel der Landschaft und der Artenzusammensetzung, denn einerseits schreitet auf vielen offenen Flächen die natürliche Sukzession voran, andererseits sacken an einigen Stellen gelegentlich Teile der Landschaft ab, wodurch unvermittelt neue Strukturen entstehen. Durch die enge Kooperation mehrerer Akteure und durch das Flächeneigentum der Heinz Sielmann Stiftung konnte sichergestellt werden, dass Naturschutz bei allen Sanierungsmaßnahmen einen hohen Stellenwert hat. Dies kommt auch einer sanften touristischen Entwicklung der Region mit vielfältigen Naturerlebnis‐ und Umweltbildungsangeboten zugute. Dadurch, dass große Teile der Landschaft bergrechtlich gesperrt sind und ihr Betreten mit Gefahren verbunden ist, gibt es hier ein großes Potenzial für eine Wildnisentwicklung ohne weitere menschliche Beeinflussung. In einigen Arealen stellt sich jedoch die Frage nach dem Erhalt wertvoller Offenlandlebensräume, die ansonsten in unserer intensiv genutzten Kulturlandschaft nicht mehr existieren.
Wirkung von Säure auf den Zahnschmelz – ein Modellversuch mit einer verblüffenden Erkenntnis
Authors: Högermann Christiane
Published: August 2018

Bislang galt es als “morgentliche Pflichtübung”, die Zähne erst nach dem Frühstück zu putzen, um Nahrungsreste sowie die evtl. in der Nacht angefallenen Bakterienbeläge zu beseitigen und auch einen frischen Geschmack im Mund zu bekommen. Der folgende Modellversuch stellt diese “Tradition” jedoch in Frage.
Der Kautschukbaum: Eine Pflanze, die die Welt veränderte!
Authors: Rösemann Ulrich
Published: August 2018

„… In der Provinz Esmeralda (Brasilien) wächst ein Baum Namens Hevea. Wenn man nur einen kleinen Schnitt in seine Rinde macht, tritt daraus eine mächtige Flüssigkeit hervor, die, wenn sie mit Luft in Berührung kommt, härter wird und eine schwarze Farbe annimmt […]

Die Maya nennen das Harz, das sie auf diese Weise gewinnen, Cahutschu. Man spricht es Kautschuk aus und es bedeutet, der Baum, der weint.“

Charles Marie de La Condamine (1745)
Helical Inversion of Peptide‐based Supramolecular Co2+ Complexes
Authors: Kim Ka Young , Kim Jaehyeong , Park Hyesong , Choi Yeonweon , Kwon Ki‐Young , Jung Jong Hwa
Published: August 2018

Herein, we report the helical inversion of supramolecular polymeric complexes of Co2+ containing a peptide‐based ligand comprising one alanine and three glycine moieties and an achiral terpyridine group. The helicity of the peptide‐based supramolecular polymer is controlled via strain‐induced chirality at different stoichiometric ligand/Co2+ ratios. The supramolecular polymer S‐1 adopts octahedral geometry with right‐handed helicity (P‐type) in the presence of <0.7 equiv of Co2+. In contrast, it adopts coexisting octahedral and square‐pyramidal geometries in the presence of 1.0 equiv of Co2+ and presents left‐handed helicity (M‐type). The helicities of the supramolecular polymer R‐1 with Co2+, prepared using the chirally opposite ligand, were completely opposite to those of S‐1. Furthermore, the circular dichroism intensities of supramolecular polymers S‐1 and R‐1 in the presence of Co2+ were 900–1500 times higher than those of free S‐1 and R‐1. In addition, the helical inversion was completely reversible and controllable by the addition of more Co2+ or ligand.
Ultra‐Fast Cycling of Nanoscale Thin‐Film LiCoO2 Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Clancy Tomás M. , Rohan James F.
Published: August 2018

Additive‐free nanoscale LiCoO2 thin‐films deposited on Si substrates using DC sputtering show exceptional electrochemical performance due to the unique kinetics of the nanoscale thin‐film in aqueous environment. At extremely high scan rates and galvanostatic current densities of up to 100 mV s−1 and 200 C respectively, a capacity retention equivalent to 97 mAh g−1 (4.8 μAh cm−2, 48.3 μAh cm−2 μm−1) is obtained. A significant contribution of non‐diffusion controlled kinetics in a LiCoO2 electrode is shown.
Understanding the Sn Loading Impact on the Performance of Mesoporous Carbon/Sn‐Based Nanocomposites in Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Nita Cristina , Fullenwarth Julien , Monconduit Laure , Le Meins Jean‐Marc , Parmentier Julien , Sougrati Moulay Tahar , Matei Ghimbeu Camélia
Published: August 2018

Herein, we report a systematic study to understand the influence of the amount of tin metal precursor salt on the formation of carbon/tin hybrid materials and their performances as anodes in Li‐ion batteries. Small Sn metallic particles (ca. 5 nm) covered by a SnO2 layer were uniformly dispersed in a mesoporous carbon for a low loading of tin; whereas, for higher Sn loadings, the formation of Sn‐based particles aggregates (ca. 200 nm) is promoted as well. By increasing the Sn loading from 20 to 80 %, the irreversible capacity was successfully reduced and the reversible capacity improved. This could be related to the decrease of the C/Sn hybrids specific surface area and the increase of the Sn active species. For long‐term cycling, capacity fading was observed, particularly for high Sn loadings assigned to the Sn nanoparticles placed outside the carbon network, which upon lithiation witness large volume expansion, leading to severe particle growth and agglomeration. Therefore, similar reversible capacities at long cycling are reached, no matter the Sn loading. For optimal electrochemical performances, it appears that a balance between the amount of Sn and uniform small Sn‐based particles dispersion within carbon matrix must be assured to design high‐performance anodes for Li‐ion batteries.
Interfacial N→Sb Nonbonded Interaction Enhances the Photoelectronic Performance of PVP‐Capped Sb2S3 Amorphous Colloids
Authors: Wang Junli , Feng Ying , Wang Tingting , Qiao Yajie , Chen Kangmin
Published: August 2018

The bonded or nonbonded interactions at the interface of ligands and surface atoms are a core issue in engineering the surface chemistry and (photo)electronic properties of semiconductor colloidal solids. Herein, we demonstrate the interfacial Lewis acid‐base N→Sb nonbonded interaction: N atoms in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) molecules acting as an electron donor to enhance the photoconductivity and ‐responsivity of PVP‐capped Sb2S3 amorphous semiconductor colloids. The electron donation effect of PVP N atoms in the N→Sb interaction is backed by the upper shift of N 1s binding energy in the X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and the relevant literature. The repulsion of lone pair electrons (LPEs) of N atoms is thought to make 5 s2 LPEs of Sb atoms retract from Sb nuclei with an increased orbital volume, giving rise to high probability for the overlap and coupling of 5 s2 LPEs among neighboring Sb atoms on the surface of Sb2S3 amorphous colloids. Such a spatially and energetically matched electron‐electron coupling greatly contributes to the photoelectronic performance enhancement of amorphous Sb2S3. We believe that the electron coupling and improved (photo)electronics can be generalized in many semiconductors containing ns2 LPE metal cations by the surface/interface Lewis acid‐base interactions with suitable ligands.
Engineering Two‐Helix Motifs through NDI Linker: A Modular Approach for Charge Transferable Conductive Foldamers Design
Authors: Reja Rahi M. , Misra Rajkumar , Gopi Hosahudya N.
Published: August 2018

A new approach for the construction of two‐helix motifs from helix modules and planar 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NDI) is described. The single crystal conformations of two different types of two‐helix motifs consisting of achiral α‐peptide C10‐helix (310) and chiral α,γ‐hybrid peptide C12‐helix revealed that the helices adopted antiparallel orientations across the planar NDI with 2‐fold symmetry. The crystal conformations of two‐helix motifs were further explored to design electrical conducting peptide foldamer by introducing electron rich pyrene (p‐type) as a side‐chain in the α,γ‐hybrid helix. The two‐helix motif with charge transferable pyrene (p‐type)‐NDI (n‐type) combination showed better electrical conductivity compared to the two‐helix motif without pyrene side‐chain. Moreover, the crystal conformations also provided molecular insight into the peptide orientation of NDI‐peptide conjugates. The two‐helix motifs described here may serve as potential molecular scaffolds to design novel conductive peptide foldamers and self‐assembling biomaterials.
Substituent‐directed ESIPT‐coupled Aggregation‐induced Emission in Near‐infrared‐emitting Quinazoline Derivatives
Authors: Dwivedi Bhupendra Kumar , Singh Vishwa Deepak , Paitandi Rajendra Prasad , Pandey Daya Shankar
Published: August 2018

A series of ESIPT (excited state intramolecular proton transfer) active systems (HQz1–HQz6) derived from quinazoline have been reported. The ESIPT emission for these derivatives gets completely quenched in solvents with diverse polarities which have been restored via aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) with large Stokes shift (up to 314 nm). It varied from 450 to 701 nm just by altering substituents at the para position of hydroxy group in the central phenyl ring. As well, HQz1–HQz6 displayed solid state emission [∼455 (blue) to ∼704 nm (red)]. The formyl group on the central hydroxy‐phenyl ring of these derivatives induces ESIPT by increasing acidity of the hydroxy proton which has been followed by 1H NMR studies. Further, it has been clearly shown that emission colour and aggregate morphology can be fine tuned by incorporating apt substituents. The present study offers a simple route to obtain colour tunable ESIPT emission via AIE which is very important for biological imaging and fabrication of optoelectronic devices.