bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal Variation of Particulate Matter Concentrations within the Urban Area of Athens, Greece
Authors: Najam Hina , Moustris Konstantinos , Nastos Panagiotis
Published: December 2016

The main objective of this work is to investigate the temporal variation of PM10 concentrations within the urban area of Athens during the years 2001-2015. For this purpose, the time series of the particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm (PM10) is recorded for a 15-year period (2001-2015) in two different monitoring stations located in the urban area of Athens. The results show a totally different behavior of PM10 concentrations between the Athens city center and the suburban areas. It seems that in the city center the main sources of PM10 are traffic and heating systems especially during the cold period of the year. Furthermore, in the city center a significant seasonal variation was found with high concentrations during the cold period of the year and lower concentrations during the warm period of the year. Moreover, it was found that during the weekends, there is a decrease in PM10 concentrations probably due to the fact that majority of people do not use their vehicles. Finally, for both locations a significant temporal decreasing trend of the mean annual PM10 concentrations was found which indicates that during the last years, there have been improvements towards a better air quality.
Histomorfometria gonadal comparada de Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875) e Psellogrammus kennedyi (Eigenmann, 1903) (Characiformes, Characidae) em um reservatório no semiárido brasileiro
Authors: GALVÃO Giancarlo Arrais , SILVA Augusto Luis Bentinho , CARDOSO Amanda Soares , SANTOS Hellen da Silva , PEREIRA Patricia Avello Nicola , RIBEIRO Leonardo Barros
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar comparativamente as principais caracterí­­sticas morfológicas e histomorfométricas de ovários e testí­­culos de Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875) e Psellogrammus kennedyi (Eigenmann, 1903). Os peixes foram obtidos entre abril de 2014 e março de 2015, no Reservatório Monte Alegre (Salgueiro, Pernambuco). No total, 240 indiví­­duos foram observados macroscopicamente e, destes, 126 gônadas foram analisadas histologicamente. Durante o perí­­odo estudado, A. lacustris apresentou quatro diferentes estádios gonadais e P. kennedyi apresentou três. Para ambas as espécies, todos os meses foram detectados macroscopicamente, ovócitos vitelogênicos e, microscopicamente, ovócitos pré-vitelogênicos. O dií­¢metro dos ovócitos vitelogênicos foi maior (471,68 ÂµmÂ±160,55; p<0,05) para fêmeas de A. lacustris. O dií­¢metro dos túbulos seminí­­feros (114,68 ÂµmÂ±34,57; p<0,05) e a altura do epitélio germinativo (18,75 ÂµmÂ±5,47; p<0,05) foram maiores para P. kennedyi. Os testí­­culos maduros em A. lacustris apresentaram epitélio germinativo com bordas melhor delimitadas, quando comparado a P. kennedyi. As observações macroscópicas demonstraram que os maiores valores do í­­ndice gonadossomático (IGS) de ambas as espécies coincidiu com o perí­­odo de maior precipitação (entre novembro/2014 e maio/2015)  na região. Por fim, a partir das observações macro e microscópicas, concluiu-se que as duas espécies apresentam desova parcelada com desenvolvimento ovocitário assincrônico.
Cloud Computing: Security Issues and Challenges
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad Aamir
Published: December 2016

Cloud Computing is a recently emerged paradigm, for sure out of infancy but yet not matured, is aiming at provisioning of computing resources in most efficient and economical way. Virtualization is the key technique behind Cloud Computing. It adopts Service Oriented Architecture which enables its clients to transform their requirements problems into services thus benefited by the solution provided by the Cloud. Besides provisioning of computing and storage resources, it expanded the traditional threat environment. The vulnerabilities and threats to Cloud are the issues which if successfully overcome would make Cloud a digital fort for its users. This paper surveys the weaknesses in Cloud architecture, internet protocols, operating system and application software, and in crypto system. It also identifies the challenges related to Cloud security and counter measures to resolve those issues.
Theorizing and institutionalizing operation Sukuma Sakhe: a case study of integrated service delivery
Authors: Ignatia Ndlovu Nonhlanhla , Msweli Pumela
Published: December 2016

The authority of South Africa is in the midst of a profound economic crisis precipitated by high levels of unemployment and inequality, marked by political shifts unprecedented in scope subsequent to the 2016 local government elections. The recent election outcomes reveal disturbances in the social, political and economic systems of the country. These disturbances have been precipitated by low economic growth trajectory and poor investment in service delivery infrastructure. The central thesis of this paper is that in addressing the triple challenge of poverty, inequality and unemployment, a symptomatic approach of addressing social ills and service delivery will not work. This paper draws from institutional theory as a sense-making mechanism to produce a scientific approach to integrated service delivery. Using the tenets of the critical reflecting methodological approach, institutional theory is deconstructed to provide an understanding of how to operationalize integrated service delivery across functions in a scientific fashion.
Keywords: service delivery, institutional theory, poverty, inequality and unemployment. JEL Classification: L8, J64, J71, I32
Epidemiological situation of Q fever in sheep, goats and cattle in the Wielkopolska Voivodeship between the years 2011 and 2015, based on monitoring studies and cases from clinical practice
Authors: Kneblewski Piotr , Budzyk Jolanta , Szabłoński Leslaw , Olechnowicz Jan , Majewski Michał , Skoracki Aleksander , Urbaniak Krzysztof , Jaśkowski Jędrzej M.
Published: December 2016

The publication presents the results of monitoring Q fever in the Wielkopolska Voivodeship and three outbreaks disclosed as part of a clinical field practice. In five years (2011 – 2015) of examination in the Wielkopolska Voivodeship, 2,431 serological tests were carried out (1,851 in sheep, 343 in goats and 237 in cattle). Antibodies against Coxiella burneti were found three times. The first positive result in 2011 affected herds of goats and cattle and was confirmed in the reference laboratory of the National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy. A specific DNA sequence for Coxiella burneti by real-time PCR method was found. The farm consisted of 1,494 goats and 397 cattle. Serological tests were carried out to give positive results in 15.3% of the cattle and 5.77% of the goats from the whole herd. Breeding selection and the elimination of seropositive animals and double oxytetracycline treatment reduced the proportion of animals with a positive result to 5.53% in cattle and 0.96% in goats. After more than a year the elimination of seropositive animals and probable natural decline in antibody levels has led to the recognition of an outbreak of Q fever to be eliminated. The second positive result of the monitoring of Q fever was found in 2014 in one cow out of seven respondents, but the serological test was not confirmed in the reference, as a specific DNA sequence for Coxiella burneti was not found. The research conducted in sheep in 2015 showed the presence of antibodies against Coxiella burneti in two samples. The results were confirmed by the detection of genetic material of the pathogen by real-time PCR examination in the National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy. Three outbreaks of Q fever revealed in clinical practice related to bovine herds where clinical disturbances were observed in: reproduction, milk production decrease or increase in internal body temperature and symptoms of the respiratory system. The positive ELISA test results were the reason for the elimination of seropositive animals. Moreover, after the disclosure of infection two herds were vaccinated using an inactivated vaccine Coxevac (CEVA), which caused the improvement of production results and relief of clinical symptoms. It is worth mentioning that in two farms along with cattle there were fallow deer supported by staff cowman. Official monitoring tests of Q fever revealed an outbreak of the disease in a herd of goats and cattle, which lead to taking effective action to protect public health because of the zoonotic nature of this infection and epidemiological risk. In the disclosure of these clinical signs in cattle it is advisable to carry out laboratory tests for Q fever.
Applying the isothermal DNA amplification method in identifying the Marek’s disease virus in poultry
Authors: Józefiak Agata , Kufel Magdalena , Wilczyński Jarosław
Published: December 2016

Marek's disease is a viral disease, a type of poultry cancer. It is caused by MDV serotype 1 (Marek's disease virus, MDV) viruses, also referred to as Gallid herpesvirus 2 belonging to the family Herpesviridae. The complete, fully infectious virus particles are present in the feathers and the nodules months can survive in the environment for many months. The use of isothermal amplification methods of genetic material (Loop - Mediated Isothermal Amplification, LAMP) virus MDV enables rapid and precise identification of the virus in difficult diagnostic material, including dust. By optimizing the reaction conditions and using at least two pairs of primers which bind to specific sites in the genome of the virus, this technique has high sensitivity and specificity. The technique makes it possible to detect of single copies of the meq oncogene – a unique region of DNA of the first type of virus MDV.
An approximate analytical method to size an air vessel in a water supply system
Authors: Miao Di , Zhang Jian , Chen Sheng , Li Dong-zhou
Published: December 2016

The size parameters of an air vessel, mainly including its initial gas volume and total volume, account for its performance in hydraulic transients. Traditionally, the size of an air vessel in a given water supply system is estimated by trial and error, usually aided by computers. To simplify the preliminary estimation of the air vessel's volume, in this paper, an approximate analytical method is proposed and derived on the basis of incompressible flow theory and simple harmonic vibration theory. With this method, a theoretically optimal size of an air vessel, which is able to meet the protective requirements in hydraulic transients, could easily be obtained in an analytical way. Besides, a real engineering case is introduced in this paper to illustrate that the proposed method could give guidance and reference in the preliminary work of designing an air vessel in practice.
Water quality and antifungal susceptibility of opportunistic yeast pathogens from rivers
Authors: Monapathi M. E. , Bezuidenhout C. C. , Rhode O. H. J.
Published: December 2016

Yeasts from water sources have been associated with diseases ranging from superficial mucosal infections to life threatening diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the water quality as well as diversity and antifungal susceptibility of yeasts from two rivers. Yeast levels and physico-chemical parameter data were analyzed by principal component analysis to determine correlations between physico-chemical data and yeast levels. Yeast morphotypes were identified by biochemical tests and 26S rRNA gene sequencing. Disk diffusion antifungal susceptibility tests were conducted. Physico-chemical parameters of the water were within target water quality range (TWQR) for livestock farming. For irrigational use, total dissolved solids and nitrates were not within the TWQR. Yeast levels ranged between 27 ± 10 and 2,573 ± 306 cfu/L. Only non-pigmented, ascomycetous yeasts were isolated. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida glabrata were most frequently isolated. Several other opportunistic pathogens were also isolated. A large number of isolates were resistant to azoles, especially fluconazole, but also to other antifungal classes. Candida species were resistant to almost all the antifungal classes. These water sources are used for recreation and religious as well as for watering livestock and irrigation. Of particular concern is the direct contact of individuals with opportunistic yeast, especially the immune-compromised. Resistance of these yeast species to antifungal agents is a further health concern.
Significance to human health of carbamazepine detected in fruits and vegetables irrigated with recycled water
Authors: Sheikh Bahman
Published: December 2016

The relevance and significance of the findings of chemicals of emerging concern at nanogram concentrations in recycled water is critically important for the consumers of these crops. The relevance and significance of these chemicals at these concentrations is placed in perspective in terms of the number of years of consumption necessary to accrue one acceptable daily intake every day, over a lifetime, specifically for carbamazepine. In this paper, the number of years is calculated and found to far exceed the maximum human life expectancy, even assuming that the individual consumes a mix of fruits and vegetables irrigated with recycled water throughout an 80-year life span, excluding other food crops free from carbamazepine.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT DI KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT
Authors: Ely Aziz , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi
Published: December 2016

The objectives of this study are to find out th level of business feasibility for seaweed cultivation and setting the strategy development business of seaweed cultivation in West Seram regency.Purposive sampling method was applied in this study for selecting locations in the district as center of seaweed production. West Seram Kotania, Osi Island, Wael hamlet, Wae Pesy, and Taman Jaya were selected as region fotr this study.From the location of the study, there were 47 respondents were selected by stratified random sampling for the SWOT analysis, composed as fisherman 40 respondents, fisher and nayal official 6, and 1 collectors.Data analysis was carried out to look at the business feasibility and development strategy in seaweed cultivation. Feasibiility analysis, namely Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C), Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C), Break Event Point (BEP) and Internal Rate of Investment (ROI) were applied. Moreover, to formulate the development strategy, the SWOT analysis instrument was used, which begins with the validity and reliability of the statement used in the SWOT analysis.Based on the analysis there were obtained that value of Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C>1) at 2.32, Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C>0) at 1.32, Break Event Point of price Rp 3,232.88, Break Event Point unit production of Rp 989.26 Kg, Rate of Investment (ROI) at 131,99%. From the analysis it can be concluded that the business development efforts of seaweed in the district of West Seram deserves to be developed. Then, SWOT analysis result shown that development strategy of seaweed farming is to reduce the intensity of cultivation, expansion, and increased production and maximizing the potential of local wisdom in the form of marine guard. Meanwhile, local governance should facilitate the development of seaweed production by serving coaches and supervision of seaweed farming.
EFISIENSI USAHA PENANGKAPAN IKAN DENGAN KAPAL MOTOR DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN PANTAI SADENG KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Suosa Pandhu Rochman , Suryantini Any , Waluyati Lestari Rahayu
Published: December 2016

This research aims to determine (a) the factors that affect the productivity of the fish effort, (b) the level of technical price/allocative, economic eficency and revenue of fishing effort in fishing port Sadeng, Gunungkidul. The research was conducted using a survey. Determination of the study area is purposively. Respondent is selected by simple random sampling. Respondent is the owner of the motor vessel boat using gillnet and handline fishing gear, as many as 32 people.Data analysis is amultiple linear regression, calculating the level of efficiency and revenue. The results showed that factor significantly affect the productivity of fishing effort is the amount of fuel, fishing gear mesh size and number of crew (ABK). Value of technical efficiency of fishing effort (ET) is 0,99 while price efficiency (EH) is 5,117 and value of economic efficiency (EE) is 5,065. Revenues of fishing effort is Rp 5.854.072/trip and the value of R/C is 1,47/trip means fishing in Sadeng is profitable and feasible to be developed.
ANALISIS USAHA DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN AGRIBISNIS BUAH NAGA CV. KUSUMO WANADRI KULONPROGO
Authors: Ilvira Rika Fitri , Suryantini Any , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi
Published: December 2016

The objective of this research are to determine the feasibility of dragon fruit agribusiness (seeding, cultivation, and processing) and formulates strategies of agribusiness development in Kulon Progo regency. The method in this research is to used descriptive analysis. The analyzed data are forming performance of factors internal and external strategic agribusiness. The location is determined (purposive) at CV. Kusuma Wanadri located in Bebekan Village, Glagah Indah, Temon district with considerating of the company doing all the dragon fruit agribusiness activities (seeding, cultivation, and processing). The analysis tools are: analysis of income, BEP analysis, B/C Ratio, payback period and SWOT analysis.Result of feasibility analysis showed that the activity seeding and processing is feasible to be developed in Kulon Progo. Revenue of seeding activities Rp 981.550.128, value of production BEP is 756 stem, and price BEP is Rp 918 per stem, the value of B/C ratio is 37,11 and the payback period is 0.002 month. Revenue of cultivating activities Rp 7.491.123,516 the value of production BEP is 73.035 kg and price BEP is Rp 4.864 per kg, the value of B/C ratio is 4,13 and a payback period of 0,18 year. Revenue of processing activities Rp 14.787.634, value of production BEP is 3.542 glass, price BEP is Rp 2.725 per glass, the value of B/C ratio is 0,83 and payback period is 0,03 month.Strategy that is suitable for seeding is S-O (Strengths – Opportunities), S-T (Strengths-Treaths) for cultivation activities and strategies W-O (Weakness-Opportunities) for dragon fruit processing activities.
ASPEK HUKUM REKLAMASI PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA PADA KAWASAN HUTAN DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Muhdar Muhamad
Published: December 2016

This study was submitted to answer two questions, first, whether the reclamation obligations of license holders have conformity with the principles of forest protection. Secondly, how the implementation of regulations regarding the reclamation of coal mining in forest areas in Kalimantan Timur. This study uses socio-legal approach to the research area in Kalimantan Timur province. Based on these results, forest destruction can not be avoided because the current rules justify coal mining in forest areas. Implementation of the regulations on reclamation of coal mining in forest areas can be performed without re-vegetation and reduce the number of forest in Kalimantan Timur province.

Penelitian ini diajukan untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan, pertama, apakah kewajiban reklamasi pemegang izin memiliki kesesuaian dengan prinsip perlindungan hutan. Kedua, bagaimana implementasi peraturan mengenai reklamasi pertambangan batubara di kawasan hutan di Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosio-legal dengan area penelitian di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, kerusakan hutan tidak dapat dihindari karena aturan saat ini membenarkan pertambangan batubara di kawasan hutan. Implementasi peraturan tentang reklamasi pertambangan batubara di kawasan hutan dapat dilakukan tanpa revegetasi dan mengurangi jumlah hutan di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur.
PRODUCT CERTIFICATION AND LEGAL PROTECTION TO ENHANCE INDONESIAN TRADITIONAL HERBAL PRODUCTIONS
Authors: Purwaningsih Endang , Huda Nurul , Ulfah A.R. Nelly
Published: December 2016

This study is aimed to empower traditional herbs producer and help legal protection of Indonesian traditional medicines, implementing Participatory Research and juridical-sociological approaches. Data

were collected through literary, questionnaire, interview and Focus Group Discussion. The first year study revealed that Herbal Producer Association worked with all members, persuading government offices to get product certification and effective trademark licenses. In the second year study the researchers and Producers Association trained and facilitated vendors to endorse trademark, label registry, and markets shares. Producers maintain traditional medicine management, because product certification is hard to achieve.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan produsen jamu/OT dan membantu perlindungan hukumnya, dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan penelitian partisipatoris dan sosiologis yuridis. Data dikumpulkan dengan literatur, kuesioner, wawancara dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Pada tahun pertama organisasi gabungan pengusaha jamu (GP Jamu) bersama-sama dengan seluruh anggotanya mendorong pemerintah untuk perolehan sertifikasi produk izin edar dan merek secara efektif. Pada tahun kedua, peneliti dan gabungan pengusaha jamu melakukan pelatihan guna perolehan izin edar, pendaftaran merek, dan peningkatan pemasaran. Para pengusaha jamu tradisional perlu terus menerus didampingi karena perolehan izin edar terkesan sulit.
AN APPLICATION OF DOCTRINE OF NECESSITY: PREVIOUS CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF NEPAL AND ITS TIME EXTENSION TO AVOID CONSTITUTIONAL UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Jayshwal Vijay Pd.
Published: December 2016

This paper aims to investigate issues in relation of constitutional doctrine which had potential debate among the jurists of Nepal for the issues of time extension. The paper will also argue some weaknesses in the constituent assembly and their role expected by the people of Nepal. This paper will discuss about the evolution of constitution in Nepal, its features, the principle of Constitutionalism embodied in Nepalese constitution. This paper will further argue about the legitimacy of Doctrine of Necessity and its application in Nepal. In last, this paper will show the possibility of constitutional uncertainty by newly elected constituent assembly. Penulisan ini dalam rangka mengkaji doktrin konstitusional yang tengah ramai diperdebatkan oleh para ahli hukum di Nepal, khususnya berkaitan dengan isu mengenai perpanjangan waktu. Melalui tulisan ini, terdapat temuan yang menunjukkan beberapa kelemahan yang ada dalam majelis konstituate Nepal di samping peran-perannya sebagaimana yang diharapkan oleh rakyat Nepal. Tulisan ini membahas pula mengenai evolusi konstitusi Nepal sebagaimana diwujudkan dalam prinsip-prinsip konstitusionalism yang dianut oleh Konstitusi Nepal. Lebih lanjut, berkaitan dengan legitimasi dari Doctrin of Necessity dan penerapannya di Nepal. Pada akhirnya, tulisan ini akan memberikan gambaran mengenai kemungkinan ketidakpastian secara konstitusional berkaitan dengan kondisi majelis konstituante yang baru saja terpilih.
PROSPEK PENEMPATAN PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL YANG MENGIKAT INDONESIA DALAM HIERARKI PERATURAN PERUNDANGUNDANGAN INDONESIA
Authors: Aminoto Mr. , Merdekawati Agustina
Published: December 2016

This research aims to know understand the prospects to include international treaties binding to Indonesia in the hierarchy of Indonesian statutory regulations, from the aspects of urgency and challenges. This research is a legal research. Therefore, the data collecting method applied for this research mainly focuses on literature reseach. These materials will be analyzed with a statutory, and comparative approach. The analysis of this research concluded that: Firstly, there were seven reasons of urgency to place international treaties in the hierarchy of statutory regulations and Secondly, there were four main challenges to place international treaties in the hierarchy of statutory regulations. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peluang penempatan perjanjian internasional yang mengikat Indonesia dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan yang terdiri dari aspek urgensi dan tantangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis. Pengumpulan sumber-sumber penelitian menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan (literature reseach) dengan metode pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan perbandingan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, adatujuh alasan utama urgensi penempatan perjanjian internasional dalam hierarki Peraturan Perundang-undangan Indonesia; dan Kedua, ada empat tantangan dalam penempatan perjanjian internasional dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia.
FUNGSI PERADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SENGKETA LINGKUNGAN (STUDI GUGATAN ORGANISASI LINGKUNGAN HIDUP)
Authors: Harjiyatni Fransisca Romana , Raharja Sunarya
Published: December 2016

This study aims to analyse: (1) The function of the Administrative Court in providing protection against environmental sustainability; (2) Constraints of the implementation of the administrative court functions in resolving environmental disputes. The results showed that: The function of the Administrative Court in providing protection toward the environment is not optimal yet. Administrative Court Decisions has not provided environmental sustainability because judges tend to be formalistic procedural in using their consideration. This is due to the presence of a number of constraints which include: government decision restrictions in the field of environment that can be disputed in the administrative court, there is no use of the principle of sustainable development as the consideration for the judge in deciding the case, and the judges’ less understanding about environmental problems. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) fungsi PTUN dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap kelestarian lingkungan; (2) kendala-kendala pelaksanaan fungsi PTUN dalam menyelesaikan sengketa lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fungsi PTUN dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap kelestarian lingkungan adalah belum optimal. Putusan-putusan Pengadilan TUN belum memberikan perlindungan kelestarian lingkungan hidup, karena hakim cenderung bersifat prosedural formalistik dalam menggunakan pertimbangannya. Hal ini disebabkan terdapatnya sejumlah kendala yang meliputi: adanya pembatasan KTUN di bidang lingkungan yang dapat menjadi obyek sengketa di PTUN, belum digunakannya asas pembangunan berkelanjutan sebagai pertimbangan hakim untuk memutus perkara, dan pemahaman hakim yang kurang mengenai persoalan lingkungan hidup.
THE PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE IN TRANSACTIONS BASED ON PROFIT AND LOSS SHARING IN SHARIA BANKS
Authors: Usanti Trisadini Prasastinah , Shomad A. , Kurniawan Ari
Published: December 2016

In fund raising with mudharabah agreement only contain a clause about sharing profits alone, does not contain a clause about sharing losses because the losses in case the fund will be borne by LPS, and there is no clause about profit sharing or revenue sharing is used. At mudharabah and musharakah financing contain a clause on sharing profits and losses, although there is a clause that does not reflect justice. Dalam penghimpunan dana dengan perjanjian mudharabah hanya memuat klausul tentang berbagi keuntungan saja, tidak memuat klausul tentang berbagi kerugian karena apabila terjadi kerugian maka dana tersebut akan ditanggung oleh LPS, dan tidak ada klausul tentang profit sharing atau revenue sharing yang dipergunakan. Pada pembiayaan mudharabah dan pembiayaan musyarakah memuat klausul tentang berbagi keuntungan dan kerugian, meskipun masih ada klausul yang belum mencerminkan keadilan.
DOKTER, PASIEN DAN MALPRAKTIK
Authors: Wiriadinata Wahyu
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this paper is to answer the questions and problems that give a rise to disputes between physicians and their patient and the liabilities of physicians to their patients in case a malpractice. The research method used was a juridical-normative approach, by studying applicable legislations, both contained in laws themselves and in legal references/books. The result in a juridical aspect was written in a descriptive-analytical form. The conclusion of this paper is: that disputes have occurred due to malpractices that the physicians committed to their patients, and that physicians’ liability involved criminal, private, and administrative aspects. Tulisan ini, bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan dan masalah penyebab perselisihan antara dokter dengan pasien dan pertanggungjawaban dokter terhadap pasien dalam hal terjadi malpraktik. Metode penulisan yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan yuridis normatif, dengan mempelajari peraturan perundang-undangan, baik yang ada dalam undang-undang itu sendiri maupun yang ada dalam literatur/buku ilmu pengetahuan hukum. Hasilnya berupa aspek yuridis dituangkan dalam bentuk deskriptif analitis. Adapun kesimpulan dari tulisan ini adalah: Perselisihan terjadi akibat dari malpraktik dokter terhadap pasien dan pertanggungjawaban dokter meliputi pidana, perdata dan etik.
KAJIAN KONFLIK DALAM PENGADAAN TANAH UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN JALUR EVAKUASI TSUNAMI ALAI-BY PASSDI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Listyawati Heri , Sulastriyono Mr
Published: December 2016

One of the problems in the area of land acquisition on tsunami evacuation construction Alai-by pass in Padang city is the time consuming taken by the government to take over the land rights of the society. The project had been done since 2003, but until now it has not completely accomplished which caused by a particular conflict between the land holders against the government in dealing with the land acquisition, like compensation. Therefore, this research studies factors which cause the conflict and efforts done by the parties to manage the conflict. Salah satu permasalahan terkait pengadaan tanah untuk pembangunan jalur evakuasi tsunami Alai-by Pass di Kota Padang yakni lamanya proses pengadaan tanah yang dialami pemerintah untuk mengambil alih hak atas tanah dari masyarakat. Proyek tersebut berlangsung sejak tahun 2003, namun hingga saat ini belum uga selesai. Hal ini disebabkan oleh munculnya konflik antara pemegang hak atas tanah dengan pemerintah terkait proses pengadaan tanah, termasuk mengenai ganti kerugian. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini akan mengkaji faktor penyebab konflik dan upaya yang dilakukan para pihak untuk mengelola konflik.
COALITIONS MODEL IN INDONESIAN PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM
Authors: Aritonang Dinoroy Margonda
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe option to pick a suitable governmental system is greatly determined by political stability and effectivity considerations. Presidential system used in Indonesian constitutional system is designed along with the format of multiparty which highly requires coalitions among political parties in the parliament. This feature is actually an original or a real character of parliamentary system. It stems from and is developed well in the system. In this article, it will be described the problems based on empirical experiences of Indonesian Presidential cabinet which is struggling with the multiparty system.IntisariPemilihan model pemerintahan amat ditentukan oleh pertimbangan terhadap stabilitas dan efektiftas dari pemerintahan. Sistem Presidensil yang diterapkan di Indonesia didesain dengan format multiapartai, yang amat menghendaki koalisi dalam partai politik di parlemen. Ciri ini sebenarnya amat cocok (lahir dan tumbuh subur) dalam sistem parlementer. Dalam tulisan ini dideskripsikan mengenai problematika yang berangkat dari pengalaman empiris cabinet pemerintahan yang telah berlangsung di Indonesia dalam desain presidensil yang multipartai.
INTERNALISASI STANDAR HAM INTERNASIONAL DALAM PENGUJIAN UNDANG-UNDANG OLEH MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI
Authors: Kurnia Titon Slamet
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe issue to be discussed in this article is the internalisation process of international human rights standards into domestic forum through the judicial review mechanism of the constitutionality of legislation by the MKRI. This article argues that MKRI should consider international human rights standards in reviewing the constitutionality of legislation based on Ch. XA of the UUD NRI 1945. The argument based on the prescription that the international human rights standard are binding on States and requiring them to conform their laws and their offcial behavior to the international norm.IntisariTulisan ini membahas isu proses internalisasi standar HAM internasional dalam forum domestik melalui mekanisme pengujian konstitusionalitas undang-undang oleh MKRI. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa MKRI seyogianya mempertimbangkan standar HAM internasional dalam menguji konstitusionalitas undangundang berdasarkan Bab XA UUD NRI 1945. Argumen itu didasarkan pada preskripsi bahwa standar HAM internasional berlaku/mengikat kepada negara dan mensyaratkannya untuk menyesuaikan undangundang beserta tindakan pejabatnya dengan kaidah HAM internasional tersebut
MODEL PEMBERDAYAAN WILAYAH PESISIR DALAM MENGHADAPI PASAR BEBAS MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN
Authors: Tinambunan Hezron Sabar Rotua
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe role of the people are needed to the development, because development success in a country is how the government to make a empowerment community. Local government policy in development has contributed by doing upaya­upaya serious. More indonesia is facing Asean economic community (MEA) in 2016, aimed at as an effort to increase stability the economy in Asean. Continuity of the local government and communities to face the challenges MEA indispensable. Local governments have to make regulatory system warehouse related resinous to cut the tengkulak a highly lethal businesses fshermen in guarantees the availability of capital for the production of sustainable and stabilize commodity prices.IntisariPeran masyarakat sangat dibutuhkan untuk tercapainya pembangunan, karena keberhasilan pembangunan di suatu negara adalah bagaimana pemerintah menentukan model pemberdayaan kepada masyarakatnya. Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pembangunan memiliki andil dengan melakukan upaya-upaya serius. Lebih lagi Indonesia menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) pada tahun 2016, yang bertujuan sebagai salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan stabilitas perekonomian di kawasan ASEAN. Kesinambungan antara pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat guna menghadapi tantangan MEA sangat diperlukan. Pemerintah daerah harus membuat regulasi terkait sistem resi gudang guna memangkas jalur tengkulak yang sangat mematikan hasil usaha nelayan dalam menjamin ketersediaan modal usaha untuk produksi yang berkelanjutan dan menstabilkan harga komoditi.
PROSECUTION OF MONEY LAUNDERING OF PROCEEDS OF CORRUPTION BY ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMISSION (KPK)
Authors: Akbar Muh. Fatahillah
Published: December 2016

AbstractAs extra ordinary crime, corruption which may be done in several ways is hard to be eradicated. One of the ways is money laundering. The problem which arises is that KPK has no authority to prosecute money laundering of corruption proceed. This research aims to explore the authority to prosecute money laundering of corruption proceed based on existing legislations and to also provide the reform of law regarding to that issue. The research shows that there is no regulation which authorizes KPK to prosecute money laundering. To cope with that problem, the reform of laws is necessary by: First, combining the regulation of money laundering and corruption in one legislation; and Second, authorizing KPK to prosecute money laundering of corruption proceed by putting the authority in a legislation.IntisariSebagai extra ordinary crime, korupsi dengan berbagai modus operandi tidak mudah diberantas. Salah satu modus operandi yang kompleks adalah TPPU. Permasalahan yang timbul dalam TPPU hasil tindak pidana korupsi adalah dimana KPK tidak diberikan kewenangan melakukan penuntutan terhadap TPPU hasil korupsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kewenangan penuntutan terhadap perkara TPPU hasil korupsi dalam hukum positif dan memberikan reformulasi pengaturan terhadap hal tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat kekosongan hukum dalam penegakan hukum pada perkara TPPU hasil tindak pidana korupsi yang ditangani KPK. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut perlu reformulasi peraturan dengan: (1) mengatur secara tersendiri TPPU dalam UU PTPK; dan (2) memberikan kewenangan KPK untuk melakukan penuntutan terhadap perkara TPPU hasil tindak pidana korupsi.
Introduction: Art and finance
Authors: Nestler Gerald , Malik Suhail
Published: December 2016

The editorial premise of this special issue is that the adage ‘art and money do not mix’ is now wholly untenable. As detailed in our extended interview with Clare McAndrew, the art market has grown rapidly over the last twenty years, leading to systemic and structural changes in the art field. For some, this growth of the market and its significance for art is an institutional misfortune that, for all of its effects, is nonetheless inconsequential to the normative claim that art and money shouldn't mix. This commonplace premise looks to keep the sanctity or romance of art from the business machinations of market mechanisms, as eloquently summarised by Oscar Wilde's definition of cynicism (‘knowing the price of everything and the value of nothing’). This issue repudiates that normative moral code, and precisely for the reasons just stated: by now, the interests of the art market permeate all the way through the art system. The interests of the art market shape what is exhibited and where; what kinds of discourse circulate around which art (or even as art) and in what languages; and what, in general, is understood to count as art. In short, the art market - comprising mainly of collectors, galleries and auction houses - is now the primary driver in what is valuable in art.
Shared stakes, distributed investment: Socially engaged art and the financialization of social impact
Authors: Rosamond Emily
Published: December 2016

This article examines the implications of the financialization of social impact and the emerging social impact bonds (SIBs) market for socially engaged art practices. How do SIBs, which allow for investment in social impact metrics, shift the broader contexts through which the value of social impact is understood in art discourses? In the British context, recent projects by Assemble, Open School East and others do important social work, yet echo the logic of the social investment market by outsourcing social impact. Rather than dismissing socially engaged art initiatives as having been recuperated by financialized capitalism, I suggest the need to develop new ways of achieving a double reading of these works as they relate to - and upset the distinctions between - stakeholder and bondholder valuation.
Recovery of heritage software stored on magnetic tape for Commodore microcomputers
Authors: De Vries Denise , Harrington Craig
Published: December 2016

Digital games make up a significant but little known chapter in the history of the moving image in Australia and New Zealand.Â  Beginning in the early 1980s, the Australasian software industry developed a remarkable record of content creation. The ``Play It Again'' project is conducting research into the largely unknown histories of 1980s game development in Australia and New Zealand, ensuring that local titles make it into national collections and are documented and preserved, enabling the public to once again play these games. Microcomputers from the 1980s made extensive use of compact audio cassettes to distribute software as an inexpensive alternative to the floppy disk technology available at the time. Media from this era are at risk of degradation and are rapidly approaching the end of their lifespan. As hardware platforms and peripheral devices become obsolete, access to the data for future scholars and other interested parties becomes more difficult. In this article, we present a case study, wherein we investigate the issues involved in making digital copies with a view to the long term preservation of these software artefacts. A video game title stored on standard compact cassette for Commodore's popular VIC-20 machine, ``Dinky Kong'' by Mark Sibley was recorded using both inexpensive amateur and professional playback equipment. The audio files obtained were processed using freely available software, alongside a customised decoder written in MATLAB and Perl. The resulting image files were found to be playable using an emulator. More importantly, the integrity of the data itself was verified, by making use of error detection features inbuilt to the Commodore tape format, which is described in detail. Issues influencing the quality of the recovered image files such as the bit rate of the digital recording are discussed. The phenomenon of audio dropout on magnetic tape is shown be of some concern, however there exist signal processing techniques to compensate for such errors. The end result of the imaging process was a file compatible with a popular Commodore VIC-20 emulator, the integrity of which was verified by using inbuilt checksums.
ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI, DAN ANTAGONISME IN VITRO TRICHODERMA SPP. ISOLAT LOKAL PERKEBUNAN KARET DI KEBUN BLIMBING PT. PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA IX
Authors: Berlian Intan , Anarqi Sindu , Pudjihartati Endang
Published: December 2016

Rigidoporus microporus merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit jamur akar putih (JAP) yang sangat merugikan perkebunan karet di Kebun Blimbing, PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah. Tindakan pengendalian secara preventif, kuratif dengan cara kultur teknis dan kimiawi sudah dilakukan namun belum dapat mengendalikan JAP. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat lokal perkebunan karet di Kebun Blimbing PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX yang bersifat antagonis terhadap JAP.  Penelitian terdiri dari: (1) isolasi, (2) identifikasi, dan (3) uji antagonisme dengan metode dual culture. Pengujian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Penelitian ini berhasil mendapatkan sebelas isolat Trichoderma spp. dari rhizosfer tanaman karet di Kebun Blimbing. Sebelas isolat tersebut yaitu Trichoderma spp. dari Blok Sikaum TBM 1 (P1), Blok Sikaum TBM 2 (P2), Blok Sikaum TM 1 (P3), Blok Sikaum TM 2 (P4), Blok Sari TM 1 (P5), Blok Sari TM 2 (P6), Blok Sitirejo TBM 1 (P7), Blok Sitirejo TBM 2 (P8), Blok Semurup TM 1 (P9), Blok Semurup TM 2 (P10), Blok Semurup TM 3 (P11). Semua isolat Trichoderma spp. tersebut bersifat antagonis terhadap pertumbuhan R. microporus.  Persentase daya hambat Trichoderma spp. terhadap R. microporus berkisar antara 36,56% sampai 69,66%. Penghambatan paling tinggi (69,66%) diamati pada isolat P9 dan terendah (36,56%) pada isolat P3.
Ambiente de aprendizaje lúdico de las matemáticas para niños de la segunda infancia
Authors: Martínez Lozano José Joaquín , Vergel Ortega Mawency , Zafra Tristancho Sandra Liliana
Published: December 2016

La investigación presenta resultados con respecto a la implementación de actividades lúdicas para el desarrollo intelectual de niños en disciplinas como topología, geometría y estadística. Su Objetivo consistió en analizar la influencia del kit de material didáctico en un grupo de estudiantes de preescolar del Colegio Nuestra Señora de Fátima de la Ciudad de Cúcuta, Colombia. Siguió un diseño de estudio cuasi experimental explicativo. La población de estudio consistió en niños entre cinco (5) y seis (6) años de edad con residencia en Cúcuta, y la muestra estuvo constituida por 16 estudiantes. Resultados: El desempeño intelectual de niños en edad preescolar mejora y se hace significativo con el desarrollo de habilidades de comprensión y descripción de su entorno, especialmente a través de ejercicios de clasificación, comparación y seriación. Conclusión: La implementación del kit de actividades lúdicas constituye una estrategia metodológica que incide en el desarrollo intelectual de niños de cinco (5) a seis (6) años.
Violencia estructural en el triángulo norte centroamericano
Authors: Devia Garzón Camilo Andrés , Ortega Avellaneda Dina Alejandra , Niño Pérez Jairo José
Published: December 2016

El objetivo de este escrito es demostrar la relación entre la violencia que se presenta en el denominado Triángulo Norte centroamericano: Honduras, El Salvador y Guatemala y las condiciones socioeconómicas que se relacionan al concepto de violencia estructural, a la vez que mostrar los principales mecanismos para mitigar esta violencia en los contextos locales y regionales. Se realizó un estudio de caso comparado, que demuestra que las condiciones socioeconómicas de Honduras, El Salvador y Guatemala son la base de la violencia que los Estados experimentan. Además, se muestra la poca efectividad de las “políticas de mano dura” con las que se enfrenta localmente el fenómeno de la violencia, y que los mecanismos regionales establecidos son aún incipientes y sin el respaldo institucional necesario, por lo cual no han sido efectivos en la reducción de la violencia.
industrialización de Medellín en el siglo XIX: construcción de un paradigma productivo en una zona poco industrializable
Authors: Vélez Tamayo Julián Mauricio
Published: December 2016

El proceso de industrialización de Colombia ha sido motivo de fuerte debate por parte de los académicos que estudian la historia económica de Colombia y, usualmente, ubican este proceso en el siglo XX, después del despegue cafetero y las misiones internacionales. Sin embargo, se quiere mostrar el proceso de industrialización de Medellín durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, a partir de elementos como las condiciones inadecuadas para el desarrollo de la agricultura, que a pesar de eso, permitió la migración productiva de la extracción a lo agropecuario, aunado a las características culturales de los antioqueños y en particular, al surgimiento de actividades “libres” y la asimilación del sentimiento religioso de los calvinistas en el ethos paisa. Para ello, se pretende demostrar el crecimiento de los factores productivos, representados en la población y el surgimiento de las primeras industrias en el territorio de Antioquia, que la harían, en el siglo XX, centro industrial del país.
Representación social sobre la gestión investigativa en la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
Authors: Colorado Ordoñez Paula , Padilla Beltrán José Eduardo , Rincón Caballero Diego
Published: December 2016

En el presente estudio, derivado del proyecto de investigación, Las representaciones sociales en investigación formativa en grupos de investigación de la Facultad de Estudios a Distancia de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada (DIS1507), se analizan los procesos de investigación desarrollados desde la teoría de las representaciones sociales. Al interrelacionar los grupos de investigación de la Facultad, a través del método de comparación constante, se establecen criterios para un modelo de gestión educativo. Se concluye que los docentes buscan con la investigación proyección personal, que es necesario un modelo de gestión, como contar con políticas para desarrollar los procesos investigativos.
Professor Gościmierz Geras – Memory and Introduction to Understanding Issues in the Area of Correctional Psychology
Authors: Pastwa-Wojciechowska Beata
Published: December 2016

The aim of this article is to promote Professor Gościmierz Geras’ contribution to scientific research on correctional psychology and his impact on the further development of our general knowledge on human nature. Insights, concepts and theories developed, among others, by the Professor, should continue to be the source of inspiration for studies based on updated knowledge, but also respecting previous contributions. Finding out about man in extreme or unusual circumstances still seems to be a challenge if one does not look at human actions holistically. We perceive prisoners too often from the narrow context of tasks and functions without the broader knowledge of mechanisms which are at the root of their actions. Getting to know what we define as pathological, we also find the path to the healthy norm and even heroism.