bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Muscle Activation Models for Elbow Motion Estimation
Authors: Desplenter Tyler , Trejos Ana
Published: March 2018

Adoption of wearable assistive technologies relies heavily on improvement of existing control system models. Knowing which models to use and how to improve them is difficult to determine due to the number of proposed solutions with relatively little broad comparisons. One type of these models, muscle activation models, describes the nonlinear relationship between neural inputs and mechanical activation of the muscle. Many muscle activation models can be found in the literature, but no comparison is available to guide the community on limitations and improvements. In this research, an EMG-driven elbow motion model is developed for the purpose of evaluating muscle activation models. Seven muscle activation models are used in an optimization procedure to determine which model has the best performance. Root mean square errors in muscle torque estimation range from 1.67–2.19 Nm on average over varying input trajectories. The computational resource demand was also measured during the optimization procedure, as it is an important aspect for determining if a model is feasible for use in a particular wearable assistive device. This study provides insight into the ability of these models to estimate elbow motion and the trade-off between estimation accuracy and computational demand.
Individual Biometric Identification Using Multi-Cycle Electrocardiographic Waveform Patterns
Authors: Lee Wonki , Kim Seulgee , Kim Daeeun
Published: March 2018

The electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform conveys information regarding the electrical property of the heart. The patterns vary depending on the individual heart characteristics. ECG features can be potentially used for biometric recognition. This study presents a new method using the entire ECG waveform pattern for matching and demonstrates that the approach can potentially be employed for individual biometric identification. Multi-cycle ECG signals were assessed using an ECG measuring circuit, and three electrodes can be patched on the wrists or fingers for considering various measurements. For biometric identification, our-fold cross validation was used in the experiments for assessing how the results of a statistical analysis will generalize to an independent data set. Four different pattern matching algorithms, i.e., cosine similarity, cross correlation, city block distance, and Euclidean distances, were tested to compare the individual identification performances with a single channel of ECG signal (3-wire ECG). To evaluate the pattern matching for biometric identification, the ECG recordings for each subject were partitioned into training and test set. The suggested method obtained a maximum performance of 89.9% accuracy with two heartbeats of ECG signals measured on the wrist and 93.3% accuracy with three heartbeats for 55 subjects. The performance rate with ECG signals measured on the fingers improved up to 99.3% with two heartbeats and 100% with three heartbeats of signals for 20 subjects.
Diaphragm-Free Fiber-Optic Fabry-Perot Interferometric Gas Pressure Sensor for High Temperature Application
Authors: Liang Hao , Jia Pinggang , Liu Jia , Fang Guocheng , Li Zhe , Hong Yingping , Liang Ting , Xiong Jijun
Published: March 2018

A diaphragm-free fiber-optic Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometric gas pressure sensor is designed and experimentally verified in this paper. The FP cavity was fabricated by inserting a well-cut fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and hollow silica tube (HST) from both sides into a silica casing. The FP cavity length between the ends of the SMF and HST changes with the gas density. Using temperature decoupling method to improve the accuracy of the pressure sensor in high temperature environments. An experimental system for measuring the pressure under different temperatures was established to verify the performance of the sensor. The pressure sensitivity of the FP gas pressure sensor is 4.28 nm/MPa with a high linear pressure response over the range of 0.1–0.7 MPa, and the temperature sensitivity is 14.8 pm/°C under the range of 20–800 °C. The sensor has less than 1.5% non-linearity at different temperatures by using temperature decoupling method. The simple fabrication and low-cost will help sensor to maintain the excellent features required by pressure measurement in high temperature applications.
Experimental Study of the Oriented Immobilization of Antibodies on Photonic Sensing Structures by Using Protein A as an Intermediate Layer
Authors: Caroselli Raffaele , García Castelló Javier , Escorihuela Jorge , Bañuls María , Maquieira Ángel , García-Rupérez Jaime
Published: March 2018

A proper antibody immobilization on a biosensor is a crucial step in order to obtain a high sensitivity to be able to detect low target analyte concentrations. In this paper, we present an experimental study of the immobilization process of antibodies as bioreceptors on a photonic ring resonator sensor. A protein A intermediate layer was created on the sensor surface in order to obtain an oriented immobilization of the antibodies, which enhances the interaction with the target antigens to be detected. The anti-bovine serum albumin (antiBSA)-bovine serum albumin (BSA) pair was used as a model for our study. An opto-fluidic setup was developed in order to flow the different reagents and, simultaneously, to monitor in real-time the spectral response of the photonic sensing structure. The antiBSA immobilization and the BSA detection, their repeatability, and specificity were studied in different conditions of the sensor surface. Finally, an experimental limit of detection for BSA recognition of only 1 ng/mL was obtained.
A New FPGA Architecture of FAST and BRIEF Algorithm for On-Board Corner Detection and Matching
Authors: Huang Jingjin , Zhou Guoqing , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Rongting
Published: March 2018

Although some researchers have proposed the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) architectures of Feature From Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) and Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features (BRIEF) algorithm, there is no consideration of image data storage in these traditional architectures that will result in no image data that can be reused by the follow-up algorithms. This paper proposes a new FPGA architecture that considers the reuse of sub-image data. In the proposed architecture, a remainder-based method is firstly designed for reading the sub-image, a FAST detector and a BRIEF descriptor are combined for corner detection and matching. Six pairs of satellite images with different textures, which are located in the Mentougou district, Beijing, China, are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture. The Modelsim simulation results found that: (i) the proposed architecture is effective for sub-image reading from DDR3 at a minimum cost; (ii) the FPGA implementation is corrected and efficient for corner detection and matching, such as the average value of matching rate of natural areas and artificial areas are approximately 67% and 83%, respectively, which are close to PC’s and the processing speed by FPGA is approximately 31 and 2.5 times faster than those by PC processing and by GPU processing, respectively.
Poisson–Gaussian Noise Analysis and Estimation for Low-Dose X-ray Images in the NSCT Domain
Authors: Lee Sangyoon , Lee Min , Kang Moon
Published: March 2018

The noise distribution of images obtained by X-ray sensors in low-dosage situations can be analyzed using the Poisson and Gaussian mixture model. Multiscale conversion is one of the most popular noise reduction methods used in recent years. Estimation of the noise distribution of each subband in the multiscale domain is the most important factor in performing noise reduction, with non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) representing an effective method for scale and direction decomposition. In this study, we use artificially generated noise to analyze and estimate the Poisson–Gaussian noise of low-dose X-ray images in the NSCT domain. The noise distribution of the subband coefficients is analyzed using the noiseless low-band coefficients and the variance of the noisy subband coefficients. The noise-after-transform also follows a Poisson–Gaussian distribution, and the relationship between the noise parameters of the subband and the full-band image is identified. We then analyze noise of actual images to validate the theoretical analysis. Comparison of the proposed noise estimation method with an existing noise reduction method confirms that the proposed method outperforms traditional methods.
An Effective Hybrid Routing Algorithm in WSN: Ant Colony Optimization in combination with Hop Count Minimization
Authors: Jiang Ailian , Zheng Lihong
Published: March 2018

Low cost, high reliability and easy maintenance are key criteria in the design of routing protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This paper investigates the existing ant colony optimization (ACO)-based WSN routing algorithms and the minimum hop count WSN routing algorithms by reviewing their strengths and weaknesses. We also consider the critical factors of WSNs, such as energy constraint of sensor nodes, network load balancing and dynamic network topology. Then we propose a hybrid routing algorithm that integrates ACO and a minimum hop count scheme. The proposed algorithm is able to find the optimal routing path with minimal total energy consumption and balanced energy consumption on each node. The algorithm has unique superiority in terms of searching for the optimal path, balancing the network load and the network topology maintenance. The WSN model and the proposed algorithm have been implemented using C++. Extensive simulation experimental results have shown that our algorithm outperforms several other WSN routing algorithms on such aspects that include the rate of convergence, the success rate in searching for global optimal solution, and the network lifetime.
Comparative Performance Analysis of Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Logistic Regression and k-Nearest Neighbours in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Classification Using Image-Based Features
Authors: Saberioon Mohammadmehdi , Císař Petr , Labbé Laurent , Souček Pavel , Pelissier Pablo , Kerneis Thierry
Published: March 2018

The main aim of this study was to develop a new objective method for evaluating the impacts of different diets on the live fish skin using image-based features. In total, one-hundred and sixty rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed either a fish-meal based diet (80 fish) or a 100% plant-based diet (80 fish) and photographed using consumer-grade digital camera. Twenty-three colour features and four texture features were extracted. Four different classification methods were used to evaluate fish diets including Random forest (RF), Support vector machine (SVM), Logistic regression (LR) and k-Nearest neighbours (k-NN). The SVM with radial based kernel provided the best classifier with correct classification rate (CCR) of 82% and Kappa coefficient of 0.65. Although the both LR and RF methods were less accurate than SVM, they achieved good classification with CCR 75% and 70% respectively. The k-NN was the least accurate (40%) classification model. Overall, it can be concluded that consumer-grade digital cameras could be employed as the fast, accurate and non-invasive sensor for classifying rainbow trout based on their diets. Furthermore, these was a close association between image-based features and fish diet received during cultivation. These procedures can be used as non-invasive, accurate and precise approaches for monitoring fish status during the cultivation by evaluating diet’s effects on fish skin.
Range Sensor-Based Efficient Obstacle Avoidance through Selective Decision-Making
Authors: Shim Youngbo , Kim Gon-Woo
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we address a collision avoidance method for mobile robots. Many conventional obstacle avoidance methods have been focused solely on avoiding obstacles. However, this can cause instability when passing through a narrow passage, and can also generate zig-zag motions. We define two strategies for obstacle avoidance, known as Entry mode and Bypass mode. Entry mode is a pattern for passing through the gap between obstacles, while Bypass mode is a pattern for making a detour around obstacles safely. With these two modes, we propose an efficient obstacle avoidance method based on the Expanded Guide Circle (EGC) method with selective decision-making. The simulation and experiment results show the validity of the proposed method.
Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with “Green” Metals for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Toxic Elements
Authors: Economou Anastasios
Published: March 2018

This work reviews the field of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with “green” metals for electrochemical stripping analysis of toxic elements. Electrochemical stripping analysis has been established as a useful trace analysis technique offering many advantages compared to competing optical techniques. Although mercury has been the preferred electrode material for stripping analysis, the toxicity of mercury and the associated legal requirements in its use and disposal have prompted research towards the development of “green” metals as alternative electrode materials. When combined with the screen-printing technology, such environment-friendly metals can lead to disposable sensors for trace metal analysis with excellent operational characteristics. This review focuses on SPEs modified with Au, Bi, Sb, and Sn for stripping analysis of toxic elements. Different modification approaches (electroplating, bulk modification, use of metal precursors, microengineering techniques) are considered and representative applications are described. A developing related field, namely biosensing based on stripping analysis of metallic nanoprobe labels, is also briefly mentioned.
The Secret of Self-Made: The Potential of Different Types of Consumer Participation for Product Attachment and Commercial Value
Authors: Diefenbach Sarah , Jung Svetlana , Diller Thomas , Franze Christina , Maciejczyk Stina
Published: March 2018

Consumer participation in the product production process offers chances for consumers and marketers alike, promising a better fit to consumer needs, a more fulfilling product relationship, and a higher willingness to pay (WTP). To exploit this potential, a key question is as to what type of participation evokes the most positive effects with respect to product attachment and commercial value. Two experimental studies in different product domains (cloth bag design and smartphone customization) explore the specific effects of self-creation versus self-design (study 1, N = 106) and functional versus cosmetic customization (study 2, N = 272). Study 1 highlighted the role of product attachment as a mediator of WTP and the role of experienced effort related to consumer participation as one chance to create such attachment. The specific type of consumer participation appeared to be less decisive, i.e., self-design and self-creation appeared to be equally successful for creating product attachment. Study 2 revealed cosmetic customization to be more related to product attachment, functional customization to be more related to WTP, and both in combination as most effective. In addition to a number of theoretical and practical contributions to the psychological understanding and successful design of consumer participation, the present study highlights several aspects for future exploration such as potential backfire effects of customization.
A DSM Test Case Applied on an End-to-End System, from Consumer to Energy Provider
Authors: Andreadou Nikoleta , Soupionis Yannis , Bonavitacola Fausto , Prettico Giuseppe
Published: March 2018

Current decarbonisation goals have, in recent years, led to a tremendous increase in electricity production generated from intermittent Renewable Energy Sources. Despite their contribution to reducing society’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions they have been responsible for numerous challenges that the current electricity grid has to cope with. Flexibility has become a key mechanism to help in mitigating them. Real-time informed consumers can offer the needed flexibility through modifying their behaviour or by engaging with Demand Side Management (DSM) programs. The latter requires the intervention of several actors and levels of communication management which makes this task difficult from an implementation perspective. With this aim we built and tested a small scale system in our lab which represents a real end-to-end system from the consumer to the energy provider. We programmed the system according to the Object Identification System (OBIS) specification to obtain consumers’ consumption through smart meters with high frequency (one minute). This allows remote control of their appliances in order to reduce the total neighbourhood consumption during critical time periods of the day (peak time). These results and the realisation of a realistic end-to-end system open the way to more complex tests and particularly to the possibility of benchmarking them with other lab tests.
Identification and Quantification of Physicochemical Parameters Influencing Chlorophyll-a Concentrations through Combined Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis: A Case Study of the Yuqiao Reservoir in China
Authors: Chen Ran , Ju Meiting , Chu Chunli , Jing Weiqiang , Wang Yuqiu
Published: March 2018

Algal outbreaks caused by excessive nutrients in lakes result in eutrophication. Chlorophyll-a, as a primary productivity feature, is used as a representative index of algal presence in lakes. Physicochemical parameters are known to affect the type and amount of nutrients in lakes, which are related to eutrophication. In this study, factor analysis was used in conjunction with principal component analysis to reveal the relationship between chlorophyll-a and its associated parameters. The combination of these two methods helps to identify the main influencing parameters by quantifying the respective extent of parameters using FA, after which the meaning is explained by PCA. We investigate physicochemical parameters, including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and five-day biochemical oxygen demand, as well as nutrients, such as ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus (TP). Yuqiao Reservoir, an important drinking water source in northern China, has been affected by eutrophication for years. Analysis was performed using daily monitoring data of physicochemical parameters and chlorophyll-a concentrations collected from Yuqiao Reservoir between 2003 and 2014. Results show that main parameters affecting chl-a concentrations are TP, temperature, DO, COD, and nitrogen, with correlation coefficients of 0.977, 1.983, 1.797, and 1.595, respectively.
Pro-Environmental Behavior: The Role of Public Perception in Infrastructure and the Social Factors for Sustainable Development
Authors: Rajapaksa Darshana , Islam Moinul , Managi Shunsuke
Published: March 2018

The importance of public participation in the successful implementation of climate change-related policies has been highlighted in previous research. However, existing environmental behavioral studies have not sufficiently addressed the relationship among perceptions of climate change, living conditions, social demographic factors and environmentally friendly behavior. Therefore, this paper investigates whether environmental perception and other social determinants such as living conditions and the subjective evaluation of social inequality affect environmentally friendly behavior. We use survey data (N = 1500) collected in Mumbai, India, and analyze our hypotheses using a structural equation model (SEM). The empirical results confirm the direct and indirect influences of environmentally related perceptions, the subjective evaluation of living environments, social factors and other demographic characteristics on pro-environmental behavior. In particular, we find a robust positive effect of education level on pro-environmental behavior, where we observe both a direct impact and an indirect impact through positive effects on environmental knowledge. Thus, we confirm the importance of living environment, social equality and education in sustainable urban planning and efforts to mitigate climate change.
R&D Project Valuation Considering Changes of Economic Environment: A Case of a Pharmaceutical R&D Project
Authors: Park Jung , Shin Kwangsoo
Published: March 2018

R&D project valuation is important for effective R&D portfolio management through decision making, related to the firm’s R&D productivity, sustainable management. In particular, scholars have emphasized the necessities of capturing option value in R&D and developed methods of real option valuation. However, despite suggesting various real option models, there are few studies on simultaneously employing mean-reverting stochastic process and Markov regime switching to describe the evolution of cash flow and to reflect time-varying parameters resulting from changes of economic environment. Therefore, we suggest a mean-reverting binomial lattice model under Markov regime switching and apply it to evaluate clinical development with project cases of the pharmaceutical industry. This study finds that decision making can be different according to the regime condition, thus the suggested model can capture risks caused by the uncertainty of the economic environment, represented by regime switching. Further, this study simulates the model according to rate parameter from 0.00 to 1.00 and risk-free interest rates for regimes 1 and 2 from ( r 1 = 4%, r 2 = 2%) to ( r 1 = 7%, r 2 = 5%), and confirms the rigidity of the model. Therefore, in practice, the mean-reverting binomial lattice model under Markov regime switching proposed in this study for R&D project valuation contributes to assisting company R&D project managers make effective decision making considering current economic environment and future changes.
The Optimal Decisions for a Sustainable Supply Chain with Carbon Information Asymmetry under Cap-and-Trade
Authors: Yuan Baiyun , Gu Bingmei , Guo Jin , Xia Liangjie , Xu Chunming
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we firstly investigate issues of low carbon supply chain including one retailer and one manufacturer in the context of joint information asymmetry and cap-and-trade mechanism, where the retailer is a leader and faces a stochastic demand, and the manufacturer is a follower and keeps private information in carbon emissions. Our aim is to design an incentive contract to make the manufacturer disclose the carbon information. Furthermore, we quantify the effects of the carbon price, the carbon emissions and the carbon quota on the supply chain model and design an incentive contract for improving supply chain performance. Finally, we give a couple of numerical examples and undertake sensitivity analysis to illustrate the proposed model and provide some managerial inferences in the conclusions.
Sustainable Lighting Policies: The Contribution of Advertisement and Decorative Lighting to Local Light Pollution in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Ngarambe Jack , Kim Gon
Published: March 2018

We carried out field measurements to determine the contribution of advertisement and decorative lighting to local light pollution in Seoul. We used the lighting limits set by the “Light Pollution Prevention Act”, which regulates light pollution, as measuring criteria. Our results show that both advertisement and decorative lighting are significant contributors to local light pollution in Seoul. Thirty percent of advertisement lighting measured in our study areas exceeded the legal limits. Moreover, we found that certain types of advertisement lighting are more likely to cause light pollution than the others. In addition, 73% of the decorative lighting found in our sample areas exceeded the legal limits. Based on our findings, we suggest that local light pollution policies establish a curfew time when all advertisement and decorative lighting must be completely turned off. Such an approach is essential in reducing lighting levels in outdoor environments. Furthermore, it lessens the burden on law enforcement personnel, who otherwise must ensure that advertisement and decorative lighting levels are kept within the legal limits. In light of the ongoing debate over the role of lighting in public well-being and the sustainability of cities, the present study provides a discussion on the status and management policy of light pollution caused by advertisement and decorative lighting.
Scenarios Simulation of Spatio-Temporal Land Use Changes for Exploring Sustainable Management Strategies
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Pengcheng , Wang Tianwei , Cai Chongfa , Li Zhaoxia , Teng Mingjun
Published: March 2018

Land use and land cover change have received considerable attention from global researchers in recent decades. The conflicts between different development strategies for land uses have become a problem that urgently needs to be solved, especially in those regions with a fragile ecological environment. The development of scenario simulations is essential in order to highlight possible alternative pathways for the future under the backgrounds of urbanization, economic growth and ecological protection. This study simulated land use changes for Tekes in 2020 with the Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent (CLUE-S) model under a ‘business as usual’ scenario, cropland protection scenario, ecological security scenario, and artificial modification scenario. The results indicated that the spatial patterns of the land use types were explained well by the environment variables, and the selected models had a satisfactory accuracy in this study. The requirements and the patterns were quite different owing to the variation of the major objectives of the four scenarios. In addition to the constraint rules of the land use transformation, the hot point for land use change was its spatial coherency. Areas near to an existing land use type were more likely to transform to that type than those farther away. The increased cropland and urban land were mainly located around the current cropland and urban land while forests and grassland were more likely to occur in places with flat terrain and good hydrological conditions. The results could contribute to better insight into the relationships between land use changes and their driving factors and provide a scientific basis for regional management strategies and sustainable land use development.
The Dynamic Impacts of Employment Subcenters on Residential Land Price in Transitional China: An Examination of the Beijing Metropolitan Area
Authors: Huang Daquan , Yang Xiaoqing , Liu Zhen , Zhao Xingshuo , Kong Fanhao
Published: March 2018

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the urban spatial structure in developing countries. In China, studies have shown that many mega cities or big cities have been transformed into polycentric spatial structures. However, polycentric spatial structures’ impact on urban development requires further empirical research, including in relation to land price, commuting, and population distribution. Taking Beijing as an example, this paper discusses employment subcenters’ rise and evolution on residential land prices. Using the land transaction data for 2001–2013, this paper analyzes the residential market characteristics in terms of their temporal and spatial variation and studies the impact of employment subcenters on residential land prices using a Hedonic model of Beijing city for 2001–2004, 2005–2008, and 2009–2013. This paper finds that (1) Beijing’s employment subcenters increased from one in 2001 to four in 2004 and six in 2008, while the spatial distribution was diffused from the center of the city to the suburbs; (2) Beijing’s main center’s influence on residential land price is on the decline, while that of employment subcenters is on the rise, although their influence and scope of influence remain limited; (3) the impact of different employment subcenters on land prices is significantly different. The impact of Zhongguancun is very significant, while that of other employment sub-centers is relatively limited, particularly the “new town” employment subcenter. Based on this, this paper argues that with the development of subcenters of employment, their influence on urban development will become increasingly obvious. Therefore, urban policy-makers need to consider this influence and make corresponding strategic adjustments.
Integrating Ecosystem and Urban Services in Policy-Making at the Local Scale: The SOFA Framework
Authors: Antognelli Sara , Vizzari Marco , Schulp Catharina J. E.
Published: March 2018

Despite ecosystem services having been broadly studied in the scientific literature, they are still hardly integrated in policy-making and landscape management. The lack of operative tools for their application is a main limiting factor of such operationalization. In this work, a framework including 53 livability services produced by the biophysical and socioeconomic subsystem, or by their interaction, was developed considering a local study area. All the services were characterized in terms of the need to access their Service Benefiting Areas (SBAs, the geographical units where the services benefit consumers) from the Use Regions (URs, the usual location of users). Moreover, the Service-Providing Areas (SPAs, the geographical unit where the service is produced) were also classified and characterized. Such analysis, together with empirical observations, helped to classify the spatial relationships between the SPAs, SBAs and URs of each service. In addition to a list of detailed information about all the services included in the framework, a visual scheme representing the different SBA types and an operational flow diagram synthesizing the spatial organization of service flow were designed to apply the methodology in other study areas. Two examples show the practical applicability in policy-making of the whole framework for supporting different aspects of local decision-making.
A Symmetric Particle-Based Simulation Scheme towards Large Scale Diffuse Fluids
Authors: Liu Sinuo , Ban Xiaojuan , Wang Ben , Wang Xiaokun
Published: March 2018

We present a symmetric particle simulation scheme for diffuse fluids based on the Lagrangian Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model. In our method, the generation of diffuse particles is determined by the entropy of fluid particles, and it is calculated by the velocity difference and kinetic energy. Diffuse particles are generated near the qualified diffuse particle emitters whose diffuse material generation rate is greater than zero. Our method fits the laws of physics better, as it abandons the common practice of adding diffuse materials at the crest empirically. The coupling between diffuse materials and fluid is a post-processing step achieved by the velocity field, which enables the avoiding of the time-consuming process of cross finding neighbors. The influence weights of the fluid particles are assigned based on the degree of coupling. Therefore, it improved the accuracy of the diffuse particle position and made the simulation results more realistic. The approach is appropriate for large scale diffuse fluid, as it can be easily integrated in existing SPH simulation methods and the computational overhead is negligible.
Ensemble Kalman Filter Assimilation of ERT Data for Numerical Modeling of Seawater Intrusion in a Laboratory Experiment
Authors: Bouzaglou Véronique , Crestani Elena , Salandin Paolo , Gloaguen Erwan , Camporese Matteo
Published: March 2018

Seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers is a worldwide problem exacerbated by aquifer overexploitation and climate changes. To limit the deterioration of water quality caused by saline intrusion, research studies are needed to identify and assess the performance of possible countermeasures, e.g., underground barriers. Within this context, numerical models are fundamental to fully understand the process and for evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed solutions to contain the saltwater wedge; on the other hand, they are typically affected by uncertainty on hydrogeological parameters, as well as initial and boundary conditions. Data assimilation methods such as the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) represent promising tools that can reduce such uncertainties. Here, we present an application of the EnKF to the numerical modeling of a laboratory experiment where seawater intrusion was reproduced in a specifically designed sandbox and continuously monitored with electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Combining EnKF and the SUTRA model for the simulation of density-dependent flow and transport in porous media, we assimilated the collected ERT data by means of joint and sequential assimilation approaches. In the joint approach, raw ERT data (electrical resistances) are assimilated to update both salt concentration and soil parameters, without the need for an electrical inversion. In the sequential approach, we assimilated electrical conductivities computed from a previously performed electrical inversion. Within both approaches, we suggest dual-step update strategies to minimize the effects of spurious correlations in parameter estimation. The results show that, in both cases, ERT data assimilation can reduce the uncertainty not only on the system state in terms of salt concentration, but also on the most relevant soil parameters, i.e., saturated hydraulic conductivity and longitudinal dispersivity. However, the sequential approach is more prone to filter inbreeding due to the large number of observations assimilated compared to the ensemble size.
Non-equilibrium electron transport induced by terahertz radiation in the topological and trivial phases of Hg1−xCdxTe
Authors: Galeeva Alexandra V , Artamkin Alexey I , Kazakov Alexey S , Danilov Sergey N , Dvoretskiy Sergey A , Mikhailov Nikolay N , Ryabova Ludmila I , Khokhlov Dmitry R
Published: March 2018

Terahertz photoconductivity in heterostructures based on n-type Hg1−xCdxTe epitaxial films both in the topological phase (x < 0.16, inverted band structure, zero band gap) and the trivial state (x > 0.16, normal band structure) has been studied. We show that both the positive photoresponse in films with x < 0.16 and the negative photoconductivity in samples with x > 0.16 have no low-energy threshold. The observed non-threshold positive photoconductivity is discussed in terms of a qualitative model that takes into account a 3D potential well and 2D topological Dirac states coexisting in a smooth topological heterojunction.
Can We Distinguish Low-mass Black Holes in Neutron Star Binaries?
Authors: Yang Huan , East William E. , Lehner Luis
Published: March 2018

The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from coalescing binary neutron stars (NS) represents another milestone in gravitational-wave astronomy. However, since LIGO is currently not as sensitive to the merger/ringdown part of the waveform, the possibility that such signals are produced by a black hole (BH)–NS binary can not be easily ruled out without appealing to assumptions about the underlying compact object populations. We review a few astrophysical channels that might produce BHs below 3 M
⊙ (roughly the upper bound on the maximum mass of an NS), as well as existing constraints for these channels. We show that, due to the uncertainty in the NS equation of state, it is difficult to distinguish GWs from a binary NS system from those of a BH–NS system with the same component masses, assuming Advanced LIGO sensitivity. This degeneracy can be broken by accumulating statistics from many events to better constrain the equation of state, or by third-generation detectors with higher sensitivity to the late-spiral to post-merger signal. We also discuss the possible differences in electromagnetic (EM) counterparts between binary NS and low-mass BH–NS mergers, arguing that it will be challenging to definitively distinguish the two without better understanding of the underlying astrophysical processes.
Two new species of Ateuchus with remarks on ecology, distributions, and evolutionary relationships (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)
Authors: Moctezuma Victor , Sánchez-Huerta José Luis , Halffter Gonzalo
Published: March 2018

Two new species of the genusAteuchusWeber are described from the region of Los Chimalapas, Oaxaca, Mexico:A.benitojuarezisp. n.andA.colossussp. n.A diagnosis for distinguishing these new species from the other species of this genus in North America is included. This paper is illustrated with pictures of the dorsal habitus and the male genitalia of the new species. The evolutionary relationships of the species are discussed, as well as their distribution and ecology. It is considered that the species of the genusAteuchuspresent in North and Central America correspond to the Typical Neotropical and Mountain Mesoamerican distribution patterns.
A new species of the genus Gonatopus Ljungh from the USA (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae)
Authors: Guglielmino Adalgisa , Olmi Massimo , Marletta Alessandro , Speranza Stefano
Published: March 2018

A new species ofGonatopusLjungh, 1810 is described from the USA, Florida:G.jackisp. n. Morphologically, the new species is similar toG.ashmeadiKieffer, 1905 andG.agropyrusFenton, 1921, but it is distinguished by the different shape of the mesoscutum (very slender inG.jacki; broader inG.ashmeadiandG.agropyrus). Published identification keys to the Nearctic species ofGonatopusare modified to include the new species.
Morphological evidence for the taxonomic status of the Bridge’s Guan, Penelope bridgesi, with comments on the validity of P. obscura bronzina (Aves: Cracidae)
Authors: Evangelista Vargas Oscar Diego , Silveira Luis Fabio
Published: March 2018

PenelopeobscuraTemminck, 1815 is a forest guan found in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina and Bolivia. Three subspecies are currently recognized:Penelopeo.obscuraTemminck, 1815,P.o.bridgesiGray, 1860, andP.o.bronzinaHellmayr, 1914. The limits betweenPenelopetaxa are poorly understood since few studies have evaluated their differences in plumage, distribution and taxonomy. Based on 104 specimens deposited in ornithological collections we studied the variations in the plumage ofP.obscura, including all characters that have been used to describe the included subspecies. Our results show that the plumage of these birds is extremely variable in southern and southeastern Brazil. Without any morphological and morphometric characters to supportP.o.bronzinaas a valid taxon, we synonymized it withP.obscura. Conversely,P.o.bridgesi, which occurs in the Yungas and the Chaco, is a distinct taxon and should be treated as a separate species fromP.obscura.
Puissance statistique des tests et date de publication : une corrélation trompeuse ?
Authors: Bonache Adrien Bernard
Published: March 2018

Cet article synthétise une étude de la puissance statistique des tests des articles publiés dans la revue Comptabilité – Contrôle – Audit depuis vingt ans et de ses déterminants. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé des analyses de puissance, bivariée et multivariée. À l’instar des études antérieures, les analyses de puissance et bivariée montrent un accroissement significatif de la puissance statistique des tests des articles. Mais l’analyse multivariée révèle que la corrélation entre la date de publication et la puissance des tests est trompeuse. Cette corrélation pourrait être due à un biais de publication lié à l’utilisation de la signification statistique comme critère de publication.
La lente déprofessionnalisation des métiers du social
Authors: Chauvière Michel
Published: March 2018

Quand le principe de professionnalité recule, la professionnalisation se différencie entre celles des cadres pour des fonctions de gestion, de direction, de formation, des métiers historiques pour des actions plus ou moins cliniques et de gestion, et des bas niveaux de qualification pour l’exécution. Cette division du travail rompt avec la période antérieure dont les métiers de niveau III étaient la poutre maîtresse. Situés à bac + 2, capables d’action de terrain et de responsabilités institutionnelles, ils bénéficiaient d’une relative autonomie de jugement et de décision qui disparaît.
Professionnalisation, formation et identité professionnelle
Authors: Garcia Serge
Published: March 2018

Dans le contexte d’une évolution de l’architecture des formations en travail social, le métier d’éducateur de jeunes enfants va connaître des transformations liées à sa reconnaissance de niveau II. Il existe un véritable danger d’édulcoration et de perte des identités professionnelles pour tous les métiers éducatifs et sociaux ( eje, es, ets, ass, cesf ). Une question se pose pour la petite enfance : sera-t-elle soluble dans un travail social généraliste, rationnel, techniciste, déniant la dimension clinique et la place centrale de la relation au quotidien avec l’enfant et sa famille ?
Nouvelle forme de professionnalisation et alternance intégrative
Authors: Plante Flavie , Catalan Julien
Published: March 2018

À La Réunion, l’ emap , École des métiers de l’accompagnement de la personne, applique une nouvelle forme de professionnalisation au diplôme d’ aes  : la formation par immersion, dite aussi formation in situ . Ce dispositif pédagogique se dessine comme une pratique innovante dans laquelle la professionnalisation repose sur une construction tripartite des savoirs faisant intervenir formateurs, apprenants et professionnels. Cet article décrit ce dispositif et présente également les premiers résultats de l’évaluation de cette formation par l’immersion obtenus dans le cadre d’une recherche menée par l’ emap .
Stage et/ou période de formation en milieu professionnel : des modalités innovantes de professionnalisation
Authors: Cornier Chantal , Poizat Sylvie
Published: March 2018

Étudier les modalités de professionnalisation à l’œuvre dans les établissements de formation en travail social, tel a été l’objet d’un groupe de travail national Unaforis. Cet article en présente les travaux. À l’heure des réformes des formations, repérer les critères pédagogiques permettant d’approcher un réel processus d’acquisition de compétences pour les futurs travailleurs sociaux permet de renouveler nos représentations de l’alternance intégrative.
Le travail social au risque de la clinique
Authors: Joussellin Jean-Jacques
Published: March 2018

La désinstitutionnalisation, l’implication active des familles, les plateformes de services, le parcours de soin sont convoqués pour porter une nouvelle politique de santé mentale. Cette nouvelle approche met la personne au cœur du dispositif. La carence des enveloppes et des contenances oblige à repenser les présences et les coordinations de tous les partenaires. Alors, comment penser ces nouveaux paradigmes ?
Toulouse, le 21 septembre 2001, chaos dans la ville et traumatismes collectifs
Authors: Bichet David
Published: March 2018

La catastrophe industrielle survenue le 21 septembre 2001 avec l’explosion de l’usine azf à Toulouse fait apparaître un traumatisme social considérable dans la ville. Je propose, à partir de mon vécu de cet événement, d’aborder les douloureux aspects de cette catastrophe. L’organisation des secours se met très difficilement en place et chacun est aux prises avec une panique extrême dans des sensations et des scènes d’horreur. Le traumatisme touche aussi les institutions et un processus de déshumanisation émerge en surface. Dès lors, l’enjeu majeur est de trouver comment il est possible d’accueillir le traumatisme et de travailler la « groupalité ».
La vulnérabilité des assistant.e.s maternel.le.s, un frein au développement professionnel
Authors: Devineau Sophie
Published: March 2018

La vulnérabilité des assistantes maternelles constitue un frein au développement professionnel. Parmi les obstacles, on relève le statut social, la configuration de l’espace de travail dans la sphère domestique, la solitude autant que les petits arrangements familiaux. Des conditions d’un travail précaire qui renforcent les assignations de genre faites aux femmes peu diplômées, mariées et ayant des enfants, dont le foyer est installé en zone périurbaine et à la campagne. De surcroît, l’invisibilisation des actes éducatifs contribue au défaut de reconnaissance de l’activité.
L’imbrication des expériences historiques. La mémoire de la déportation des Juifs lituaniens par les Soviétiques
Authors: Davoliūtė Violeta , Muller Sylvie
Published: March 2018

Le retour de la mémoire pendant le mouvement populaire de la fin des années 1980 porta sur les crimes du Stalinisme, pas sur l’Holocauste. On considéra que les premiers concernaient la mémoire et l’identité lituanienne, le second uniquement les Juifs. Cette opposition diminue depuis une décennie à mesure que l’on prend conscience de l’imbrication des expériences historiques, notamment de la collaboration des Lituaniens de souche avec les nazis et du fait que les déportations de 1941 ont affecté tous les citoyens lituaniens, quelles que soient leur appartenance ethnique ou leur religion, y compris les Juifs. En rapportant les expériences et les souvenirs des Juifs lituaniens qui ont été déportés, cet article se veut une contribution à l’émergence tardive de cette mémoire juive de la déportation par les Soviétiques, et à une représentation plus nuancée de cette période.
Histoire-mémoire d’espaces yiddish litvaks après la Shoah. Entre mondes assassinés et vivants en Lituanie
Authors: Lemée Carole
Published: March 2018

En Lituanie, les violences génocidaires et ethnocidaires commises par les hommes du iii e Reich et leurs auxiliaires lituaniens ont décimé les populations juives litvaks à plus de 95 % et détruit la quasi-totalité de leurs patrimoines matériels. Cet article décrit les mondes yiddish durant le nazisme et les périodes soviétiques, et depuis l’indépendance de 1991 à nos jours. Durant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale et dès 1944-1945, des victimes rejointes ensuite par des descendants se sont faits les acteurs et rédacteurs de leur propre histoire et de leurs mémoires, à la fois pour relater les faits, et pour continuer à faire vivre les mondes yiddish. Leur histoire, mémoires, et savoirs font l’objet de traitements institutionnels dans le cadre de logiques de muséification, visant à se souvenir comme à répondre à la demande d’un tourisme mémoriel international. L’article insiste sur les tensions mémorielles, marquées tant par les difficultés à évoquer les crimes des auxiliaires lituaniens, et par la thèse du «  double génocide  », que par la persistance d’un antisémitisme et l’intérêt porté à la culture yiddish d’autrefois.
From Masculine Heroism to Everyday Violence? A Gendered Perspective on the Partisan War in Lithuania
Authors: Budrytė Dovilė
Published: March 2018

Entre la fin des années 1980 et le début des années 1990, la Lituanie connut l’émergence d’un régime mémoriel qui mit à l’honneur les hommes qui avaient résisté par les armes aux armées soviétiques pendant et après la seconde guerre mondiale. De nos jours, la mémorialisation de la résistance armée reste une pratique publique importante. Cet article se place du point de vue des femmes qui ont participé à la guerre, et analyse les interactions avec un régime mémoriel fondé sur « le combat et la souffrance ».
Drama Underground. Forgetting Socialist Nostalgia
Authors: Lankauskas Gediminas
Published: March 2018

Cet article examine le « théâtre de la survie » dans le Bunker, un parc récréatif expérimental situé dans un lieu souterrain près de Vilnius, capitale de la Lituanie. Les visiteurs du Bunker participent de – et survivent à – plusieurs scènes interactives : interrogatoires par le kgb simulés, examens dentaires, courses au temps de l’ère soviétique, etc. Ces représentations sont des actes de commémoration qui rendent manifeste le socialisme à travers un discours, des images et des effets sensibles. L’auteur cherche à savoir comment les participants répondent à la théâtralisation du socialisme dans le Bunker en tant que personnes moralement engagées qui se le rappellent à travers un passé personnel et national. En critiquant les perspectives nostalgiques dominantes, cet article souligne les complexités et les ambiguïtés de la mémoire socialiste dans la Lituanie contemporaine.