bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expanded constraints on chemical weathering reactions and carbon cycling beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Piccione Gavin , Blackburn Terrence , Hain Mathis , Tulaczyk Slawek , Rafter Patrick , Gagliardi Jessica , Carney Colin
Published: August 2024

Ice sheets may influence the global carbon cycle by releasing chemical weathering products and carbon from basal environments. However, limited data describing subglacial biogeochemical cycles beneath Antarctic and Greenland ice leaves open fundamental questions regarding the feedbacks between climate, ice sheets, and the carbon cycle. Most notably: does subglacial chemical weathering beneath ice sheets act as a source or sink of atmospheric CO2? Here, we present constraints on biogeochemical reactions beneath the Antarctic ice sheet using geochemical and geochronologic measurements of carbonate precipitates, which formed from basal waters in ten locations along the ice sheet margins and Transantarctic Mountains (TAM), since the late Miocene. Precipitate carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions reveal a consistent geographic pattern in subglacial carbon cycling and chemical weathering, where parent waters in catchments draining through the TAM source CO2 through microbial metabolism of organic matter that drives silicate weathering, while waters beneath the ice sheet periphery acquire carbon mainly through the dissolution of carbonate minerals. Proxies for parent water pH (P/Ca) and solute source (87Sr/86Sr) show that bedrock composition and reactivity are the main factors determining intensity of silicate weathering in TAM waters. While the dominance of subglacial silicate versus carbonate weathering is determined by the presence of carbonate minerals and/or basal water residence time, which can fluctuate across global climate cycles. Because carbonate and silicate dissolution have quantitively different effects on the carbon cycle, the balance between them dictates whether Antarctica acts as a positive or negative climate-carbon cycle feedback.
The social learning of gender roles: men report lower support for women’s empowerment when in front of their peers
Authors: Brand Charlotte (Lotty) , Mwijage Alexander , Kilgallen Joseph , Daniel  , Mebula Elisha , Katunzi Frank , Nicholaus Israel , Mang'era Charles W , Majenga Pius , Kumogola Yusufu , Urassa Mark , Lawson David
Published: August 2024

Beliefs about gender roles are widely understood to be acquired via social learning. However, accounts of gender socialisation remain disconnected from a growing literature on evolved social learning strategies. We implemented a novel field experiment to elucidate how social information on gender is communicated among young men in an urbanising Tanzanian community. Men interviewed in front of their peers reported lower support for women’s empowerment compared to men interviewed privately. We interpret this finding as indicative of conformity bias, with men strategically performing beliefs to match an assumed lack of support for women’s empowerment among their peers. Addressing prestige bias, we also found that men interviewed in front of community elders, assumed to hold relatively patriarchal beliefs, reported relatively low support for women’s empowerment. However, contrary to our expectations, men interviewed in the presence of highly-educated urban men, assumed to be more supportive of women’s empowerment, also reported lower support than when interviewed privately. Supporting qualitative data suggests that our assumptions about our comparison groups may be somewhat naive, with participants emphasising similarity rather than differences between themselves and those from the city. We discuss the implications of our results for our understanding of gender socialisation from an evolutionary perspective
Population size and language change: an evolutionary perspective
Authors: Bromham Lindell
Published: August 2024

There is increasing interest in the way that the size, composition and environment of populations influence the way that their languages evolve. There are two reasons why an exploration of population and language change from the perspective of evolutionary biology might be useful. Firstly, some of the relevant hypotheses rest explicitly or implicitly on theories developed in evolutionary biology, so it is important to critically evaluate the fit of these theories to language change. Secondly, methods developed in evolutionary biology have been applied to evaluating these hypotheses. Instead of aiming for a comprehensive review of the interaction between population size and language change, the focus of this review is on analogies drawn to processes in biological evolution (e.g. founder effects), processes that may have interesting parallels in both species and languages (e.g. evolution of complexity in small populations), and techniques from evolutionary biology have been applied to language data (e.g. Wright-Fisher models).
From Persons to General Principles: Methodological Decisions for Idiographic and Nomothetic Research
Authors: Kuper Niclas , Andresen Pia K. , Beck Emorie D , Costantini Giulio , Hamaker Ellen , Wright Aidan G.C. , Zimmermann Johannes
Published: August 2024

Research in psychology can have various foci, ranging from the psychological dynamics of single individuals to the generalization across individuals, often termed idiographics and nomothetics, respectively. However, terminological ambiguities have limited communication clarity about idiographics and nomothetics. Importantly, whether studies are suitable for idiographic and/or nomothetic inferences is not categorical but rather a matter of degree. Therefore, we propose a list of concrete, better-defined methodological aspects characterizing individual studies. Specifically, we highlight 16 different decisions researchers have to make pertaining to (1) research question, (2) research design, and (3) analyses and interpretation. These decisions are introduced with a focus on personality psychology but apply to psychological research broadly. We discuss the different decisions with an emphasis on their relation to idiographic and nomothetic inferential goals. Rather than providing specific recommendations, we emphasize the importance of aligning the methodology of a given study with the research question and theory. Overall, this overview seeks to help researchers make relevant decisions more intentionally to help them tailor their studies to their inferential goals.
An Annotated Introductory Reading List for Neurodiversity
Authors: Zaneva Mirela , Coll-Martín Tao , Héjja-Brichard Yseult , Kalandadze Tamara , Kis Andrea , Koperska Alicja , Manalili Marie Adrienne Robles , Mathy Adrien , Graham Christopher James , Hollis Anna , Ross Robert M , Yeung Siu Kit , Allen Veronica , Azevedo Flavio , Friedel Emily , Fuller Stephanie , Giannouli Vaitsa , Gjoneska Biljana , Hartmann Helena , Korbmacher Max , Elsherif Mahmoud Medhat , Zisk Alyssa Hillary
Published: August 2024

Since its inception, the concept of neurodiversity has been variably defined and widely discussed, which may cause confusion among those unfamiliar with the topic. Further, learning about neurodiversity is challenging given the lack of well-curated, appropriately contextualized information and the prevalence of misinformation on the topic. To address such barriers, we present an annotated reading list that was developed collaboratively by a neurodiverse research group. The 9 themes covered in the reading list span across the history of neurodiversity and contemporary understandings of it. Topics covered in the themes include: the importance of lived experiences, as well as specific research areas such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia, stuttering, traumatic brain injury, and mental health. The final themes are oriented towards ways of strengthening the area of neurodiversity, including considerations regarding anti-ableism, the need for robust research theory and methods, and integration with open, inclusive, and participatory work. We hope this resource can support readers in understanding some of the key ideas and topics within neurodiversity, and that it can further orient researchers towards more rigorous, destigmatizing, accessible, and inclusive scientific practices.
AITurk: Using ChatGPT for Social Science Research
Authors: Qin Xin , Huang Mingpeng , Ding Jie
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence, especially large language models (LLMs), has been widely used for scientific research. Yet, few studies have explored their potential to advance social science research. This research evaluates how effectively ChatGPT can mimic responses from real human participants on online crowdsourcing platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), Prolific, and CloudResearch. We replicated 22 studies published in top psychology journals between January 2023 and June 2023. Since ChatGPT 4.0’s cutoff date is September 2021, its training database does not include articles published after that time. The current research is among the first to use ChatGPT to replicate social science studies whose conclusions have not been included in the training database of ChatGPT. This unique methodology strengthens the credibility of our findings and establishes a more robust foundation for applying AI in simulating human behavior. The results show that ChatGPT successfully replicates about 93.2% (20.5/22) of the findings from these studies. While conducting these studies (assuming each study is a typical 5-minute online experiment with 300 participants) on online crowdsourcing platforms could take approximately 11 days and cost around $3,960, using AI through a platform we term “AITurk” could reduce the time to about 11 minutes and the cost to $132. That is, AITurk achieves about 93.2% accuracy of real human participants’ responses on online crowdsourcing platforms, with about 1/1440 time and 1/30 cost. Based on these findings, we suggest that ChatGPT can be an effective tool for social science research, especially for conducting preliminary research and evaluating the replicability of existing studies.
Moghul Khans from Muraqqaʻ Tasavir-i Salatin-i Kashghar. Part I
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Atygayev Nurlan ,   Eurasian Research Institute of the Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Dzhandosova Zarine ,   St. Petersburg State University, Ahmetzhan Kaliolla ,   Military History Museum of the Armed Forces of Republic of Kazakhstan, Krupa Tatiana ,   Pavlodar Pedagogical University, Tuyakbay Omir ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: August 2024

The article introduces a reader to a small handwritten album of miniatures in the Persian style (muraqqa‘), most likely originating from Kashgaria (modern XUAR of the PRC) and currently stored in the manuscript fund of the Malek National Library and Museum in Tehran (IRI). The album contains eight miniature portraits of the “Sultans of Kashgar” (i. e., rulers of Mughulistan (Eastern Chaghatay Khanate) and later Daulat-i Mughuliya (Yarkand Khanate)) of the 9th—10th / 15th—16th centuries, including such famous khans as Shir Muhammad Khan, Sultan Mahmud Khan, Sham-i Jahan Khan, and Naqsh Jahan Khan. The portraits are not set in chronological order. One miniature depicts prince Sufi Sultan, the ruler of Kashgar, who, judging by the entry on the first page of the album, is the customer of the manuscript. The authors of the article offer their own attribution of some portraits, where the depicted personality seem not so obvious. The publication of miniatures is accompanied, if possible, by a detailed historical commentary, as well as by the description of the portrait itself, with special attention to the clothes and ammunition of the depicted person.
The Sanskrit Fragment of the Buddhanama-Sutra (SI 3446) of the Serindia Collection at the IOM RAS
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mesheznikov Artiom , Shomakhmadov Safarali ,   Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2024

The article comprises an analysis of the Sanskrit manuscript fragment of the Buddhanama-sutra (SI 3446) of the Serindia Collection at the IOM RAS. The fragment is of special interest, since it contains the names of the Buddhas, and dharanis belonging to each name, as well as a narration explaining what benefits the one who utters these dharanis gets. The authors present an analysis of the dharanis according to the Slavic spells study.
An Early Binding from the Collection of Muhammad ‘Ayyad al-Tantawi at St. Petersburg State University Library
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Yastrebova Olga
Published: August 2024

The article studies the artistic binding of one of the manuscripts brought to St. Petersburg by Muhammad b. Ayyad al-Tantawi (1810—1861), Arab language professor whose collection is stored at St. Petersburg University. This binding, now attached to a 16th-century manuscript, is similar to two other bindings (from Berlin State Library and Khalili Collection), all three seem to have been produced for a multi-volume manuscript, most probably, the Qur’an. Analysis of the artistic and technological features and of artistic analogies found in 5th—8th / 11th—14th century book illumination allows to suggest that the three bindings were produced in Iraq or Iran and could be contemporary with the Qur’anic fragment that is contained in one of them.
Hasht Bihisht VI (Tabriz 1874): A Gloss on Idris Bidlisi's Vocabulary
Authors:   Tehran University, Dehqan Mustafa
Published: August 2024

The Hasht Bihisht (“The Eight Paradises”) is a history of the first eight sultans of the Ottoman Empire, written in Persian by Idris Bidlisi (d. 926/1520). It offers indispensable information on the Ottomans including several first-hand historical accounts and some many cultural and social information on the Ottoman statesmen, ‘ulama’, and intellectuals. Beyond the historical importance of Hasht Bihisht, Idris' sophisticated language, use of metaphor, literary devices, and ambiguity were always lauded as a problematic feature of his historiography and style. The present short note deals with a 10th/16th century gloss concerning an Arabic word used in the margins of a manuscript of Book VI, still unpublished.
The Image of the Byzantines (the Rum) and the Franks (the Ifranj) in “The Thousand and One Nights”
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Sokolov Oleg
Published: August 2024

The memory of the Crusades in the folk culture of the Levant and Egypt remains an under-researched topic. The stories of “The Thousand and One Nights”, which feature the Rum and the Ifranj, form part of the overall narrative of 12th—15th-century Arabic folk culture about Christian attacks on the Muslim world. In these stories, the Ifranj are portrayed as a more aggressive and principled opponent than the Rum, who, unlike the Ifranj, are also mentioned in neutral and occasionally positive contexts, being portrayed as a more civilised entity. The key patterns in the depiction of the Ifranj and the Rum, such as the in-depth study of Islam by the Christian villains in order to gain the trust of the Muslims, the unanimous gathering of Franks from all lands with the aim of attacking the Muslims, and the desire of the leaders of the Ifranj and the Rum to conquer the entire Islamic world while converting all Muslims to Christianity, coincide with similar images in the Arabic folk epics that emerged during the Crusades. This supports the attribution of the stories to the indicated period and strengthens the arguments of linguistic and anthropological analysis, according to which the stories date from the time of the anti-crusader struggle.
From Envoy Extraordinary of Emperor of Russia to Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the USSR: Collections of Diplomats at the St. Petersburg Kunstkamera Museum. I
Authors:   MAE (Kunstkamera), RAS, Rezvan Efim
Published: August 2024

The history of the Kunstkamera collections in St. Petersburg is associated not only with a constellation of eminent scholars and travellers who pioneered European ethnography, but also with missions by Russian intelligence officers and diplomats. The present article is the first in a series of contributions focusing on the MAE collections in the context of their diplomatic history. These articles will have different authors; some of the articles may be devoted to a monographic description of one item, others to whole collections or gems within them. This work will take years to complete and is expected to result in the publication of a richly illustrated album-monograph on the items, collections and, more importantly, the people and historical events that formed the background to the collectors' work, and on the scholarly continuity that has been maintained despite Russia's tragic history in the 20th century. Many of the museum items mentioned in the articles of the series are the most important testimonies both to the history of Russia's relations with the countries of the East and to the emergence and development of Oriental studies and museology in Russia.
Cotton Production in Central Asia in the Photo Collections of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (1870 — the 1930s)
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, Prischepova Valeria
Published: August 2024

The paper endeavours to contextualize the photo collections of 1870 — the 1930s from the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (MAE), featuring cotton growing and production in Central Asia, that have until now played a preeminent role in the life of the region. Throughout centuries, this agricultural crop has had a particular significance in the development of the local trade and crafts. The crop gained an additional economic significance after Central Asia's incorporation into Russia. The MAE photo collections on cotton production in Central Asia include almost every stage of growing, cotton ginning and even cotton textile production. The earliest photographs mainly depict the pre-treatment steps of cotton processing, including boiling out, batting, scutching, and spinning (“The Turkestan Album”, F. Hordet). The primitive process of cotton ginning dominated in the region for years. The primary stages of cotton growing are depicted in the photographic materials of later years, specifically the 1920s and 1930s (including photographs of loosening the soil, sorting out and planting the seeds, weeding the young crops, picking the raw cotton, transporting, storing and ginning it.
The Sacred Meal: a View from Qur’anic Arabia to the “Strange Islam” of Vietnam
Authors:   MAE (Kunstkamera), RAS, Kudriavtceva Anna
Published: August 2024

Post-structuralism and the apparent achievements of semiotics have revised the notion of “text” in modern cultural studies. The understanding of text as an encoded written message has been replaced by its understanding as a set of cultural artefacts, wherein culture becomes a text that shapes the personal and social space of human existence. The present paper is based on the experience of the author, a specialist in Qur’anic ethnography, who travelled through the areas of compact settlement of the Cham in Vietnam in January 2020. Part of the Cham community in Vietnam practises a particular form of religion known as “strange Islam”, based on a combination of female spirit worship and Shaivism, with some elements of Islamic doctrine and rituals. Observing a Cham Bani sacred meal helped to document the fundamental elements of their spiritual culture, including the matricentric nature of their social structure, the sacrificial aspect of the food prepared by women, and the important role of the male priesthood, which acted as a mediator between the divine and the human and guaranteed the observance of tradition by all members of the community. This paper proposes two “opposing” approaches to the reader: that of “reproducing” the culture based on linguistic and textological techniques, and that of “reading” the ethnographic field material as a text.
The Saints and Prophets of the Incense Route (Revisiting the Sources of Old and New Testament Pantheon of the Qur’an)
Authors:   MAE (Kunstkamera), RAS, Rezvan Efim
Published: August 2024

In 2024, the State Museum of the History of Religion hosted the exhibition “Islam in the Photographic Collection of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society”. It has become a further stage in the work on Qur’anic ethnography, a new scholarly discipline devoted to the historical and ethnographic study of society in Arabia at the turn of the 6th and 7th centuries, Arabia of the Prophet, the place where the Qur’an was revealed to the world. The archival photographs uncovered during the study of the IOPS collection were supplemented with the materials taken during 2017—2020, mainly in Oman and Jordan, along the ancient trans-Arabian trade routes, as part of the work of the international expedition “The Material World of the Qur’an (everyday life of Arabia at the time of the Prophet)”. In particular, the participants of the expedition collected materials to validate the working hypothesis that the set of Old and New Testament prophetic legends found in the Qur’an is closely linked to a number of holy sites along the most important Arabian caravan routes.
Neurodesarrollo y tipo de alimentación en el lactante menor en la Unidad Médica Familiar 62, Cuautitlán, México
Authors: Herrera Mejia Hayde Wendolyn , Zamora Tafoya Marisabel , Ríos Morales Rubén
Published: August 2024

Introducción: la alimentación que se brinda en las primeras 143 semanas de vida puede afectar a la salud. Un factor de riesgo modificable para la salud a largo plazo es la alimentación infantil. La alimentación balanceada sustenta un adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo, el cual se inicia con la lactancia materna. La inteligencia sensorio-motriz es la capacidad de resolver problemas a partir de actividades donde interactúan la percepción, actitudes y movimientos. Por tal motivo, es importante estimar la asociación del neurodesarrollo y el tipo de alimentación en el lactante menor.
Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, transversal y prolectivo, en una muestra de 212 lactantes de 6 meses de edad, por medio de muestreo no probabilístico no aleatorizado. Se incluyeron a pacientes de seis meses de vida de término, peso percentil 10 a 90, con antecedente de embarazo normo evolutivo, esquema de vacunación completo.  Se realizó análisis descriptivo con las variables cuali-cuantitativas e inferencial de las variables de neurodesarrollo y tipo de alimentación (lactancia materna, sucedáneos, alimentación mixta), aplicando la prueba de ANOVA Kruskall-Walss (p=<0.005).
Resultados: de acuerdo con la asociación del neurodesarrollo y el tipo de alimentación, se encontró que el 9.5% correspondió a rezago en el desarrollo y tipo de alimentación mixta, seguido de 6.2% con sucedáneos de lactancia materna, y de 5.1% con lactancia materna exclusiva; (p=0.000).
Conclusiones: se concluyó que el uso de lactancia mixta provoca mayor rezago en el neurodesarrollo, en comparación al uso de sucedáneos de la lactancia materna y de la lactancia materna exclusiva.
Discapacidad y dolor en pacientes con diagnóstico de hombro doloroso
Authors: Arias Juárez Michel Iván Antonio , Zamora Tafoya Marisabel , Ríos Morales Rubén
Published: August 2024

Introducción: el dolor de hombro es un trastorno musculoesquelético muy común que afecta a una gran parte de la población, con una prevalencia puntual de hasta el 26%. En las lesiones de hombro puede presentarse desde un dolor crónico constante hasta la dificultad para realizar movimientos de la vida cotidiana. Material y métodos: el estudio se realizó en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar número 62, Cuautitlán. Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo, prolectivo y transversal, con una muestra calculada de 143 pacientes, de edad entre 30-55 años, que hayan realizado la prueba de SPADI. Se aplicó la estadística descriptiva, con software SPSS v27. Resultados: se encontró que, con respecto a la discapacidad moderada, hay un predominio del 60.1% (86 pacientes). Con respecto al sexo femenino, hay un predominio del 55.9% (80 pacientes). En la ocupación para empleado se encontró un predominio del 39.9% (57 pacientes). En relación con los que realizan movimiento repetitivo en el trabajo, hay un predominio del 94.4% (135 pacientes). En los que realizan ergonomía hay un del 72% (103 pacientes). Con respecto a los que no realizan actividad física, hay un predominio del 75.5% (108 pacientes). En la edad se encontró 55 años más frecuente con 10.5 % (15 pacientes). Para la jornada laboral el horario de 9-12 horas hubo un 65% (93 pacientes). Además, que el estado nutricional más frecuente fue el sobrepeso, con 44.1% (63 pacientes). De los días de incapacidad, el 69.9% (100 pacientes) no tiene generados. Conclusión: la discapacidad y el dolor están en relación con las actividades diarias y otras comorbilidades como factor de riesgo para presentar un aumento en la frecuencia de presentación.
Actualización en el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico de la amiloidosis cardiaca por transtiretina: una entidad subestimada
Authors: Lopez Barrios Victor Manuel , Chacón Quirós Melissa María , Apuy Rodríguez Fiorella , Sáenz Madrigal Manuel Eduardo
Published: August 2024

La amiloidosis cardiaca (AC) es una condición grave que afecta la función cardíaca debido al depósito anormal de amiloide. Esta, puede ser causa por diferentes tipo de proteínas, siendo las más comunes las cadenas ligeras (AL) y la transtiretina (ATTR) en sus formas hereditaria (ATTRv) y no hereditaria (ATTRwt). La variante ATTRwt es la más prevalente y su diagnóstico temprano constituye un desafío debido a la variabilidad de las manifestaciones clínicas y la falta de pruebas diagnósticas específicas. Así, el fenotipo clásico de la AC es la falla cardíaca con fracción de eyección preservada (HFpEF). La sospecha diagnóstica se basa en hallazgos clínicos, electrocardiográficos y ecocardiográficos; reservando la resonancia magnética, la gammagrafía con bifosfonatos y la determinación del componente monoclonal en sangre y/o orina para la confirmación. Además, los trastornos del ritmo cardíaco, el síncope y la valvulopatía aórtica son también manifestaciones frecuentes de la AC. Seguidamente, el tratamiento comprende la atención de la complicaciones cardíacas (de soporte) y del proceso amiloidogénico (específico). Cabe destacar, que los recientes avances en el proceso diagnóstico y las nuevas terapias disponibles se traducen en mejoras en el pronóstico de los pacientes. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo sintetizar el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico de la AC-ATTR.
Prevalencia de pliegues de Dennie Morgan en pacientes de 0 a 10 años con atopia atendidos en el Centro Integral de Salud Roger Mercado, Tela, Honduras, de octubre 2023 a abril 2024
Authors: Medina Martinez Rennie Michelle , Reyes Guifarro Alejandra María , Ochoa Ortiz Gloria Samantha
Published: August 2024

Introducción: las enfermedades alérgicas son padecimientos que se presentan debido a una reacción exagerada ante sustancias comunes como polen, ácaros del polvo, caspa de animales, ciertos alimentos o medicamentos. Estas reacciones alérgicas pueden manifestarse de diferentes formas, como rinitis alérgica (inflamación de la mucosa nasal), asma, urticaria, dermatitis atópica y alergias alimentarias, entre otras. Por ello, el objetivo es determinar la prevalencia de pliegues de Dennie Morgan en pacientes de 0 a 10 años atendidos en el CIS Roger Mercado durante el periodo comprendido entre octubre de 2023 y abril de 2024. Método: estudio descriptivo observacional cuantitativo. Resultados: el análisis reveló que la prevalencia fue de 25.86%, lo que significa que, de cada 100 pacientes, 25 de ellos presentan pliegues de Dennie Morgan. Los pliegues estuvieron más presentes en pacientes con rinitis alérgica, siendo esta la patología alérgica más comúnmente asociada. Conclusión: los hallazgos apoyan la idea de que los pliegues de Dennie Morgan podrían servir como marcador clínico para identificar atopia y enfermedades alérgicas en pacientes pediátricos.
Paludismo secundario a lesión por punzocortante
Authors: Cureño Díaz Mónica Alethia , Peña Montero Itzel , Hernández Mariano José Ángel
Published: August 2024

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Actualización sobre la deficiencia de vitamina B12
Authors: Quirós Porras Fabiola
Published: August 2024

La vitamina B12 es conocida como cobalamina, una vitamina del grupo B más compleja. No es producida por los seres humanos, y se obtiene tras la ingesta de productos animales como pescado, carne y lácteos. Es un micronutriente fundamental para el crecimiento celular y el desarrollo del sistema nervioso central. Es crucial para la mielinización de la médula espinal y el cerebro; además, es esencial para la producción de glóbulos rojos. La deficiencia es causada por ingesta inadecuada, malabsorción, inactivación química o alteración en el transporte o en el metabolismo intracelular. Su deficiencia puede manifestarse clínicamente como alteraciones hematológicas y neurológicas. Siendo así, su espectro de enfermedades asociadas es amplio, este abarca desde la presencia de síntomas neurológicos acompañados de parestesias, mielopatía o neuropatía, hasta la presencia de síntomas atribuibles a la anemia. Una vez identificada la causa por la cual se produce la deficiencia, se podrá abordar el tratamiento apropiado, evitando secuelas irreversibles.
Xerodermia pigmentosa: la importancia del diagnóstico precoz
Authors: Wright Molina Francesca Maria
Published: August 2024

La xerodermia pigmentosa es una genodermatosis rara de tipo autosómica recesiva causada por un defecto en la reparación por escisión de nucleótidos. Se caracteriza por una incrementada sensibilidad cutánea posterior a mínima exposición solar. Estos pacientes nacen sin alteraciones cutáneas, pero desarrollan cambios dermatológicos entre el primer y segundo año de vida. La xerodermia pigmentosa cursa con cambios en la pigmentación cutánea en una distribución semejante a las pecas. Además, presenta poiquilodermia, xerosis, atrofia cutánea, lentigos, queratosis actínicas y telangiectasias. La principal complicación de la enfermedad son las lesiones cutáneas premalignas y malignas. La causa de muerte más común es por melanoma metastásico o carcinomas epidermoides invasivos. La xerodermia pigmentosa también se asocia a trastornos oftalmológicos, neurodegenerativos y endocrinos.
No existe un tratamiento curativo. El manejo se basa en el diagnóstico oportuno de la enfermedad mediante la detección de mutaciones bialélicas y en la implementación de medidas de protección tempranas con el fin de reducir las complicaciones y la mortalidad.
Evaluación de la terapéutica aplicada a pacientes post COVID sintomáticos, referidos al servicio de cardiología. Lima, Perú
Authors: Infante Romny
Published: August 2024

El manejo de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2, surgida en 2020, impuso al personal de salud un nivel de exigencia como no se había experimentado en los últimos 100 años, no solo por el volumen de casos, sino por las dificultades para su diagnóstico y tratamiento.  El interés por conocer la fisiopatología de los síntomas post COVID-19 y determinar la influencia de la inflamación en ellos, condujo a la realización de un estudio clínico de tipo observacional descriptivo con 125 pacientes ambulatorios, encontrando, en la mayor parte de los pacientes, la persistencia del proceso inflamatorio bronquio alveolar y sistémico, que se evidenció con la aparición de los síntomas posteriores a la infección por esta partícula biológica, así como también mostró la evolución satisfactoria de aquellos que fueron tratados con Deflazacort en dosis de 6 mg al día en combinación con fluticasona inhalada, como se observó al evaluar las condiciones de los pacientes en cuanto a la saturación de oxígeno, la disnea de esfuerzo y de parámetros hemodinámicos, como tensión arterial, frecuencia cardiaca, así como también de otros síntomas como la poliartralgía, relacionados con la normalización de indicadores inflamatorios como la Velocidad de Sedimentación Globular VSG y de la Proteína C Reactiva PCR, permitiendo concluir que el uso de esteroides ayuda a controlar el proceso inflamatorio post COVID-19 y, por tanto, favorece la resolución de estos síntomas.
Grado de nutrición y soledad social en el paciente geriátrico de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 62
Authors: Rodríguez Olvera Karla Alejandra , Ríos Morales Rubén
Published: August 2024

Introducción: la OPS considera geriátrico a una persona con edad > 60 años. En este protocolo de estudio se estimará la asociación del estado nutricional y la soledad social, ya que en esta etapa de envejecimiento los pacientes suelen ser abandonados por sus familiares, lo cual implica cambios y deficiencias nutricionales. Objetivo: estimar la asociación entre el grado de nutrición y la soledad social en el paciente geriátrico en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 62. Material y métodos: se realizará un estudio observacional, analítico, transversal y prospectivo. Se utilizará una fórmula para el cálculo de muestra de una proporción finita con muestra calculada de 365 pacientes, utilizando muestreo aleatorio simple. Se incluirán pacientes derechohabientes, con edad de 65-75 años, y que firmen el consentimiento informado. Se utilizará Mini Nutritional Assessment para identificar a ancianos desnutridos con alfa de Cronbach de 0.9 y Escala ESTE II que evalúa soledad social con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.72. Resultados: se realizó un estudio para determinar la asociación entre el grado de nutrición y la soledad social en 365 pacientes adscritos de la UMF No. 62 IMSS, donde se encontró un 32.1% (117 pacientes) con grado de soledad baja, con grado de soledad media se encontró un 42.2% (154 pacientes), y con un grado de soledad alta un 25.8% (94 pacientes) Conclusión: como conclusión, es posible decir que el trabajo de investigación mostró que una malnutrición en el paciente geriátrico sí se encuentra relacionada con una soledad social alta.
Anestesia em um cão da raça Spitz Alemão com persistência do ducto arterioso
Authors: Nahum Mariana Jungers Calderaro , Zanoni Fernando Luiz
Published: August 2024

This article aims to report the management of anesthesia in a German Spitz dog with patent ductus arteriosus, with the initial aim of castrating the animal in question. The surgical procedure was performed using the 3-clamp technique described in the literature and occurred without complications. For the anesthetic protocol, pre-anesthetic medication with intramuscular methadone at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg was chosen; the animal presented mild sedation after pre-anesthetic medication (PAM). For induction, intravenous propofol was used at a dose of 4 mg/kg and anesthetic maintenance by inhalation using isoflurane, adjusting the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) as needed during anesthetic monitoring. The patient's physiological parameters remained stable throughout the procedure, with heart rate varying between 110 and 118 bpm, systolic blood pressure varying between 95 and 102 mmHg, respiratory rate between 12 and 20 bpm, body temperature (measured by esophageal thermometer) between 38 and 37.2ºC, and oxygen saturation between 96 and 98%. Anesthetic recovery was rapid, with extubation occurring 5 minutes after the isoflurane was turned off. Post-surgical medication was tramadol 3 mg/kg and dipyrone 25 mg/kg for analgesia, amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate 15 mg/kg for prophylaxis of bacterial infection, and dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg as an anti-inflammatory, all subcutaneously. In the immediate post-surgical evaluation, the animal appeared calm and showed no signs of pain.Understanding the animal's physiology and comorbidities provides greater security for adequate planning, ensuring greater comfort, efficiency and preparation for certain complications that may occur during the planned surgical procedure and its evolution in the postoperative period.
The Mediating Role of Work Motivation in the Impact of Training on Teachers’ Digital Literacy
Authors: Butar Butar Senita , Mulyadi Hari , Ramdhany Muhamad Arief
Published: August 2024

It is importance of improving the digital literacy of teachers is crucial with the rapid integration of technology in education, effective training programs are critical. However, their success largely depends on the motivation of the participants. The purpose of this study is to determine the mediating role of the work motivation variable on the effect of the training variable on the digital literacy variable so that there are two independent variables and one dependent variable. The number of samples used was 73 teachers in Palembang. To collect data, a questionnaire technique was used. Using the Smart PLS 3.0 structural equation modeling technique, the hypothesized relationships in this study were tested. This study found that: 1) training had a positive and significant effect on teacher motivation; 2) work motivation had a positive and significant effect on teacher digital literacy; 3) training had a positive and significant effect on teacher digital literacy; and 4) work motivation had a mediating effect on the relationship between training and teacher digital literacy. These results highlight the importance of fostering a motivational climate to maximize the benefits of training programs. Implications for educational policy and practice are discussed, emphasizing the need for strategies that not only provide training but also actively engage and motivate teachers to enhance their digital competencies.
Project-Based Learning Using Podcast-Assisted Media in the Teaching of English Speaking Skill
Authors: Ma'rufah Anis , Samanhudi Udi , Ardiasih Lidwina Sri
Published: August 2024

Developing speaking skill is difficult for foreign language teachers and learners since they rarely use the target language outside the classroom. However, students need more opportunities and confidence to use it outside the classroom. Thus, teachers must adopt various teaching methods to strengthen the students’ speaking skill in English. Nowadays, students must possess competencies relevant to the 21st century, such as analysis and problem-solving, creativity and invention, communication, teamwork, life skills, and efficient use of technology. Therefore, Project-Based Learning (PjBL) provides opportunities to learn deep content knowledge and 21st-century skills. One of the methods used is using Podcast. A podcast is an up-to-date technology for improving students’ listening and speaking abilities. This qualitative study intends to determine the implementation of project-based learning using podcast-assisted media in teaching English speaking skill at one of the schools in Mojokerto, East Java, and the student’s perspective on it. The research participants were grade XI Science students. The data collection techniques were tests, observations, interview sheets, and audio and video material. The data were analyzed using an analysis flow by Miles and Huberman, which included data reduction, displaying the data, and a conclusion. This study showed that implementing project-based learning using podcast-assisted media in teaching English speaking skill ran smoothly. Students responded enthusiastically. At last, the students’ perspectives are also positive since Podcast-assisted media is able to enrich not only their speaking skill but also develop other language skills.
Development of Musi Board Teaching Media on Math Arithmetic Operation for Grade II Elementary School Student
Authors: Pratama Dimas Wahyu , Mulyawati Ima
Published: August 2024

This research is based on the problems that exist in math subjects, especially in multiplication, adding, and subtracting. One of the fundamental problems experienced by students is a lack of understanding of basic concepts due to the lack of understanding of students reasoning and only paying attention to what is on the blackboard and the lack of learning media used during learning. In order for their understanding and numeracy skills to increase, learning resources for the Musi Board are needed. This study aims; (1) to test the feasibility of Musi Board Media on math arithmetic operations; (2) to see students response when learning using Musi Board Media on math arithmetic operations; (3) the effectiveness of Musi Board Media on math arithmetic operations. Using the ADDIE methodology (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation), this study used the Research and Development approach. The study involved 26 students from grade II of SDN dukuh 08. This media had shown the validity of the media and materials with 94% and 95%, respectively, with a very feasible category. Students’ responses also reached 96%, respectively, with a very interesting category. The results show that this Musi Board Media is feasible to use to help students learning. Therefore, the solution to overcome the problems of students to understand the basic concepts of mathematics in counting operations is to use the media during the lesson. With an N-gain value of 59.26%, the effectiveness of utilizing Musi Board medium for math arithmetic operations falls into the Moderately Effective group.
Drying Chips Alat Pengeringan Kemplang Khas Palembang Berbasis Teknologi Solar Drying Pada Sentra Produksi Kemplang Keluruhan Lima Ulu Laut
Authors: Indah Indah pratiwi polsri , Bimo Pamungkas  , Tria Apriyanti  , Pelid Sandi Prawata1  , Paisal  , Dian Kurnia Sari
Published: August 2024

Penjemuran kerupuk kemplang bergantung kondisi cuaca sehingga laju waktu pengeringan kerupuk kemplang pada UMKM kerupuk kemplang lebih lama saat musim hujan, menyebabkan produk lembab dan berjamur. Tujuan peneliti membuat alat pengering panel surya ini agar kemplang lebih cepat kering dengan kadar air lebih rendah.  Metode yang digunakan jenis data primer menggunakan teknik analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil pengujian kadar air kerupuk kemplang dengan perbandingan pengeringan menggunakan  drying chips dengan direct sun drying yaitu, untuk waktu pengeringan kemplang dengan diameter 3,93 cm jika menggunakan direct sun drying memerlukan waktu 3 hari sedangkan jika menggunakan drying chips hanya memerlukan waktu 1 hari pengeringan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa drying chips mampu mengeringkan  kemplang lebih cepat.
 
Kata Kunci: Laju waktu pengeringan, Panel surya,  Drying chips
Novel BRICHOS-related defensin-like antimicrobial peptide from the marine polychaeta Arenicola marina
Authors: Safronova V. N. , Panteleev P. V. , Kruglikov R. N. , Bolosov I. A. , Finkina E. I. , Ovchinnikova T. V.
Published: August 2024

To date, polychaetes remain a poorly studied class of invertebrate animals in the context of clarification of their immune system functioning and, in particular, of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) biodiversity. AMPs, also known as host defense peptides, play a key role in host protection from various pathogens and regulation of the species composition of symbiotic microbes. The study of biosynthesis of AMPs in polychaetes has revealed an interesting pattern, namely so-called BRICHOS domain in the precursor proteins of a number of such peptides. The conserved structure of this domain allows to perform a bioinformatic search for AMP precursors in polychaete transcriptomes. In this work, we found and studied a new BRICHOS-associated AMP from the lugworm Arenicola marina, which represents a structural family of defensin-like peptides stabilized by four disulfide bonds, not previously identified in marine worms. The peptide, designated as AmBRI-44a, contained 44 amino acid residues and was obtained by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. AmBRI-44a was shown to have a specific activity against a narrow spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria and did not exhibit pronounced cytotoxic effects on eukaryotic cell line HEK293T. A potential mechanism of the antibacterial action of this peptide may be associated with inhibition of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, as indicated by genetic and phenotypic analysis of selected AmBRI-44a-resistant bacteria Bacillus licheniformis B-511. The results obtained allow us to consider the novel peptide AmBRI-44a as a candidate compound for the development of an antibiotic agent that could potentially be effective in the treatment of infectious diseases mediated by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
Heat shock proteins on the surface of tumor cells as a target for anti-tumor therapy
Authors: Makarova A. O. , Kostenko V. V. , Ovsyanikova O. V. , Svirshchevskaya E. V. , Lutsenko G. V. , Sapozhnikov A. M.
Published: August 2024

According to WHO, oncological diseases are the cause of ~5 million people deaths annually. To date, there is no universal solution to fight cancer, despite outstanding achievements in the field of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. In this regard, there is a need to develop new approaches to antitumor therapy, in particular based on the search and use of targeted molecules that allow killing tumor cells of various types with high efficiency, without significant toxic effects on healthy organs and tissues. This review presents the characteristics of the main heat shock protein (HSP) families, the features of their expression in tumor cells and the possibility of using monoclonal antibodies to these proteins as a guiding vector for antitumor immunotherapy.
Bioinformatic approaches for detection of fusion genes and trans-splicing products
Authors: Musatov I. Y. , Sorokin M. I. , Buzdin А. A.
Published: August 2024

Chimeric genes and transcripts can be biological markers as well as the reasons for tumor progression and development. Modern algorithms and high-throughput sequencing are the complementary clues to the question of the tumor origin and cancer detection as well as to the fundamental question of chimeric genes origin and their influence on molecular processes of the cell. A wide-range of algorithms for chimeric genes detection was developed, with various differences in computing speed, sensitivity, specificity, and focus on the experimental design. There exist three main types of bioinformatic approaches, which act according to the sequencing read length. Algorithms, which focus on short-read high-throughput sequencing (about 50–300 bр of read length) or long-read sequencing (about 5000–100000 bр of read length) exclusively or algorithms, which combine the results of both short and long-read sequencing. These algorithms are further subdivided into: 1) mapping-first approaches (STAR-Fusion, Arriba), which map reads to the genome or transcriptome directly and search the reads supporting the fused gene or transcript; 2) assembly-first approaches (Fusion-Bloom), which assemble the genome or transcriptome from the overlapping reads, and then compare the results to the reference transcriptome or genome to find transcripts or genes not present in the reference and therefore raising questions; 3) pseudoalignment approaches, which do not make local alignment, but just search for the closest transcript subsequence to the reads seed, following the precomputed index for all reference transcripts and provides the results. This article describes the main classes of available software tools for chimeric gene detection, provides the characteristics of these programs, their advantages and disadvantages. To date the most resource intensive and slowest are still assembly-first algorithms. Mapping-first approaches are quite fast and rather accurate at fusion detection, still the fastest and resource-saving are the pseudoalignment algorithms, but, worth noting, that the quick search is carried out at the expense of chimeras search quality decrease.