bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antifatigue Effects of Antrodia cinnamomea Cultured Mycelium via Modulation of Oxidative Stress Signaling in a Mouse Model
Authors: Liu Yange , Li Lanzhou , An Shengshu , Zhang Yuanzhu , Feng Shiwei , Zhao Lu , Teng Lirong , Wang Di
Published: March 2017

Antrodia cinnamomea, a folk medicinal mushroom, has numerous biological effects. In this study, we aim to assess whether the antifatigue effects of A. cinnamomea mycelia (AC) and its underlying mechanisms are related to oxidative stress signaling using behavioral mouse models and biochemical indices detection. Mice were orally treated with AC at doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.9 g/kg for three weeks. AC had no effect on the spontaneous activities of mice indicating its safety on central nervous system. Furthermore, results obtained from weight-loaded forced swimming test, rotary rod test, and exhausted running test confirmed that AC significantly enhanced exercise tolerance of mice. Biochemical indices levels showed that these effects were closely correlated with inhibiting the depletion of glycogen and adenosine triphosphate stores, regulating oxidative stress-related parameters (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde) in serum, skeletal muscle, and liver of mice. Moreover, the effects of AC may be related with its regulation on the activations of AMP-activated protein kinase, protein kinase B, and mammalian target of rapamycin in liver and skeletal muscle of mice. Altogether, our data suggest that the antifatigue properties of AC may be one such modulation mechanism via oxidative stress-related signaling in mice.
Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Taselisib, an Oral PI3K Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Juric Dejan , Krop Ian , Ramanathan Ramesh K. , Wilson Timothy R. , Ware Joseph A. , Sanabria Bohorquez Sandra M. , Savage Heidi M. , Sampath Deepak , Salphati Laurent , Lin Ray S. , Jin Huan , Parmar Hema , Hsu Jerry Y. , Von Hoff Daniel D. , Baselga José
Published: March 2017

Taselisib is a potent and selective tumor growth inhibitor through PI3K pathway suppression. Thirty-four patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors were treated (phase I study, modified 3+3 dose escalation; 5 cohorts; 3–16 mg taselisib once-daily capsule). Taselisib pharmacokinetics were dose-proportional; mean half-life was 40 hours. Frequent dose-dependent, treatment-related adverse events included diarrhea, hyperglycemia, decreased appetite, nausea, rash, stomatitis, and vomiting. At 12 and 16 mg dose levels, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were observed, with an accumulation of higher-grade adverse events after the cycle 1 DLT assessment window. Pharmacodynamic findings showed pathway inhibition at ≥3 mg in patient tumor samples, consistent with preclinical PIK3CA-mutant tumor xenograft models. Confirmed response rate was 36% for PIK3CA-mutant tumor patients with measurable disease [5/14: 4 breast cancer (3 patients at 12 mg); 1 non–small cell lung cancer], where responses started at 3 mg, and 0% in patients with tumors without known PIK3CA hotspot mutations (0/15).

Significance: Preliminary data consistent with preclinical data indicate increased antitumor activity of taselisib in patients with PIK3CA-mutant tumors (in comparison with patients with tumors without known activating PIK3CA hotspot mutations) starting at the lowest dose tested of 3 mg, thereby supporting higher potency for taselisib against PIK3CA-mutant tumors. Cancer Discov; 7(7); 704–15. ©2017 AACR.

See related commentary by Rodon and Tabernero, p. 666.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 653
New Genetic Diagnoses of Short Stature Provide Insights into Local Regulation of Childhood Growth
Authors: Andrade Anenisia C. , Jee Youn Hee , Nilsson Ola
Published: March 2017

Idiopathic short stature is a common condition with a heterogeneous etiology. Advances in genetic methods, including genome sequencing techniques and bioinformatics approaches, have emerged as important tools to identify the genetic defects in families with monogenic short stature. These findings have contributed to the understanding of growth regulation and indicate that growth plate chondrogenesis, and therefore linear growth, is governed by a large number of genes important for different signaling pathways and cellular functions, including genetic defects in hormonal regulation, paracrine signaling, cartilage matrix, and fundamental cellular processes. In addition, mutations in the same gene can cause a wide phenotypic spectrum depending on the severity and mode of inheritance of the mutation.
Ring-Shaped Leiomyoma of the Ciliary Body
Authors: Tucker Steven H. , Szalai Eszter , Rivellese Mark , Grossniklaus Hans
Published: March 2017

Purpose: Ciliary body mesectodermal leiomyoma is a rare, benign smooth muscle tumor that typically presents in women in the second to fourth decade of life. The diagnosis is typically based on clinical color, funduscopic appearance, transillumination properties, and B-scan ultrasonography. Methods: We present a patient with a 360° ciliary body mass with transillumination and ultrasonographic properties consistent with a ring melanoma. Results: This case emphasizes the difficulty in differentiating the benign leiomyoma from similar appearing malignant tumors such as melanoma. Conclusion: The eye was enucleated and the diagnosis was ring-shaped leiomyoma.
Prevention of TLR9 Pathway in Warm Ischemia in Porcine Donor Liver after Cardiac Death
Authors: Shao Zigong , Jiao Baoping , Yi Dehui , Liu Tingting , Pan Qi , Cheng Ying , Liu Hao
Published: March 2017

Objective: To investigate effect of warm ischemia after cardiac death on activation of TLR9 pathway in porcine liver. Methods: Donor of cardiac death (DCD) model was established with Duroc, Landrace, Large White crossbred pigs. Liver tissues from the animals were harvested at 0, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 30 minutes after warm ischemia for analysis of expression of TLR9, IRF7, IFN-β, and TNF-α at mRNA and protein levels by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively, and for assessment of NF-κB/DNA binding activity by western blot detection of p65 protein. Results: Ischemia induced TLR9, IRF7, IFN-β, and TNF-α expression at both mRNA and protein levels in an ischemic time dependent manner. Among them, expression of TNF-α and IFN- β was induced later than TLR9 and IRF7 did. Ischemia also enhanced NF-κB binding to DNA in the DCD liver tissue. Pretreatment with iCpG specifically blocked activation of TLR9 pathway triggered by ischemia in liver and protected the animals from ischemia-caused liver tissue damage. Conclusion: Warm ischemia activates TLR9 pathways in the porcine liver tissue. Blocking TLR9 pathway could offer protection from ischemia-caused liver tissue in DCD liver transplantation.
АНАЛІЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТІ РЕГІОНАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПЕРИНАТАЛЬНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ЖІНКАМ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Slabkiy G. O. , Gaborets Yu. Yu. , Dudina O. O.
Published: March 2017

Мета: вивчити та проаналізувати результативність регіоналізації перинатальної допомоги жінкам в Україні.Матеріали та методи. Дослідження результативності регіоналізації перинатальної допомоги проведено із застосуванням даних державної і галузевої статистики, перинатального аудиту за BABIES-МATRICA за 2011–2015 рр., моніторингу та оцінки РПД за даними 2014–2015 рр., SWOT-аналізу. Застосовано методи: статистичний, графічного зображення.Результати. Регіоналізація перинатальної допомоги має позитивні результати щодо стану здоров’я жінок. Так, рівень абортів скоротився з 17,0 до 9,8 на 1000 жінок фертильного віку при співвідношенні абортів та живонароджених дітей 1:3,9. При цьому відмічається тенденція до збільшення частки абортів, які проводяться безпечними методами. Збільшилася частка жінок із вадами серця (61,0%–66,9%) та еклампсією і прееклампсією (78,0%–83,0%), які народжували в закладах третього рівня. Тенденцію до скорочення мають такі ускладнення, як маткові кровотечі (з 18,59% до 18,1%).Висновки. Отримані дані підтвердили позитивний вплив регіоналізації перинатальної допомоги на показники здоров’я матерів в Україні.
ХАРЧУВАННЯ МОЛОДІ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНОСТІ
Authors: Oksytenko O. V.
Published: March 2017

У статті висвітлено проблеми раціонального харчування, з якими стикається молодь України, та методи, які допомогають вирішенню цієї актуальної проблеми.
ПРИЧИНИ СИНДРОМУ ХРОНІЧНОЇ ВТОМИ У СТУДЕНТІВ
Authors: Bohdan N. V. , Zarudna O. I.
Published: March 2017

У статті проаналізовано причини синдрому хронічної втоми у студентів.
РОЛЬ МЕДСЕСТРИ В ПРОФІЛАКТИЦІ ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗУ СЕРЕД ПІДЛІТКІВ СТАРШИХ КЛАСІВ
Authors: Perepelytsia A. V.
Published: March 2017

У статті розглядається актуальна проблема захворюваності на туберкульоз серед підлітків України. Аналізується сучасна ситуація з профілактичних методів туберкульоз в закладах освіти. Акцентується увага на необхідності залучення медичної сестри до підвищення рівня знань підлітків старших класів з метою вдосконалення профілактики туберкульозу на етапі попередження та виявлення захворювання.
ЗАБІР КРОВІ З ВЕНИ: ОСНОВНІ ПРАВИЛА, СПОСОБИ, СУЧАСНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Slavopas V.
Published: March 2017

У статті висвітлено основні правила забору венозної крові, способи полегшення забору у пацієнтів з «проблемними венами», описано сучасні технології пошуку та візуалізації вен.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ –ЗАПОРУКА САМОРЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ МАЙБУТНІХ МЕДИЧНИХ СЕСТЕР іЗ МАСАЖУ
Authors: Melnychuk I. M. , Tieliehina A. A.
Published: March 2017

У статті розглянуто основні шляхи формування професійної компетентності під час навчання студентів із вадами зору.
ПРОФІЛАКТИЧНА СПРЯМОВАНІСТЬ ЯК ОСНОВНА СКЛАДОВА ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ МЕДИЧНОГО ПРАЦІВНИКА СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ЛАНКИ
Authors: Ponomarenko N. O.
Published: March 2017

У статті розглянуто проблеми збереження здоров’я та попередження захворюваності серед населення, роль підготовки медичних сестер у санітарно-гігієнічному вихованні та проведенні профілактичної роботи з метою формування потреби майбутнього медичного працівника до проведення профілактичних заходів та формування здорового способу життя.
On some Opisthobranchs from Cananéia, Brazil
Authors: Marcus Eveline D. B. -R.
Published: March 2017

Dez espécies de Cananéia e uma de Ubatuba foram colecionadas. Duas das espécies são novas para a ciência: Coryphella verta e Catriona oba. Elysia serca é comparada com E. clena Marcus (1970, p. 49). Os gêneros Cuthona, Trinchesia, e Catriona são discutidos.
Unsupervised 2D Dimensionality Reduction with Adaptive Structure Learning
Authors: Zhao Xiaowei , Nie Feiping , Wang Sen , Guo Jun , Xu Pengfei , Chen Xiaojiang
Published: March 2017

In recent years, unsupervised two-dimensional (2D) dimensionality reduction methods for unlabeled large-scale data have made progress. However, performance of these degrades when the learning of similarity matrix is at the beginning of the dimensionality reduction process. A similarity matrix is used to reveal the underlying geometry structure of data in unsupervised dimensionality reduction methods. Because of noise data, it is difficult to learn the optimal similarity matrix. In this letter, we propose a new dimensionality reduction model for 2D image matrices: unsupervised 2D dimensionality reduction with adaptive structure learning (DRASL). Instead of using a predetermined similarity matrix to characterize the underlying geometry structure of the original 2D image space, our proposed approach involves the learning of a similarity matrix in the procedure of dimensionality reduction. To realize a desirable neighbors assignment after dimensionality reduction, we add a constraint to our model such that there are exact [Formula: see text] connected components in the final subspace. To accomplish these goals, we propose a unified objective function to integrate dimensionality reduction, the learning of the similarity matrix, and the adaptive learning of neighbors assignment into it. An iterative optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the objective function. We compare the proposed method with several 2D unsupervised dimensionality methods. K-means is used to evaluate the clustering performance. We conduct extensive experiments on Coil20, AT&T, FERET, USPS, and Yale data sets to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method.
A checklist of the oribatid mite species (Acari: Oribatida) of Brazil
Authors: OLIVEIRA ANIBAL R. , ARGOLO POLIANE S. , MORAES GILBERTO J. de , NORTON ROY A. , SCHATZ HEINRICH
Published: March 2017

A checklist of the oribatid mite species reported in Brazil is presented, including all published records up to 2015. A total of 576 described species in 206 genera and 83 families is presented. Information includes the names by which each species was reported in the Brazilian literature, its general known distribution and by Brazilian States, references, and remarks, when needed. As with most countries, there was a slow early accumulation of knowledge but in recent decades the pace of description has been relatively high. A graphical overview of the number of described oribatid mite species from Brazil in different decades is given. The proportion contributed by each of the major oribatid groups is generally similar to that of the overall world fauna, with a composition that reflects the South American fauna and all of the Neotropics in general. There is a relatively low percentage of primitive mites (Palaeosomata, Enarthronota) other than Lohmanniidae and Mesoplophoridae, which are quite diverse. The Brachypylina comprises about 68% of the oribatid mite fauna. In the checklist, 41% of the species are known only from Brazil, 37% from the Neotropical region, 13.5% have a wider distribution in the global tropical and subtropical regions, and 8.5% are considered cosmopolitan or semicosmopolitan species. The number of descriptions of new species since 2000 from Brazil (73 spp.) and South America (230) is high, but the oribatid mite fauna of these countries remains poorly known. Only continued studies can determine if the high number of species known only from Brazil is an indication of high endemism.
Revision of the Ephippiochthonius complex in the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and Macaronesia, with proposed changes to the status of the Chthonius subgenera (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae)
Authors: ZARAGOZA JUAN A.
Published: March 2017

A taxonomic revision of the subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) in the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and    Macaronesia is presented. New and previously insufficiently studied characteristics are shown to be taxonomically useful, such as the chelal lyrifissures patterns, chaetotaxy and condylar complex. Three taxa previously treated as subgenera of Chthonius are here raised to generic rank: Ephippiochthonius n. stat., Globochthonius n. stat., and Hesperochthonius n. stat. Two new genera are described: Cantabrochthonius n. gen. and Occidenchthonius n. gen. Thirty-five new species are described: Ephippiochthonius aini n. sp., E. andalucia n. sp., E. aurouxi n. sp., E. benimaquia n. sp., E. caceresi n. sp., E. castellonensis n. sp., E. comasi n. sp., E. fadriquei n. sp., E. galcerani n. sp., E. gonzalezi n. sp., E. henderickxi n. sp., E. ibiza n. sp., E. masoae n. sp., E. portugalensis n. sp., E. riberai n. sp., E. serengei n. sp., E. sevai n. sp., E. tarraconensis n. sp., E. vicenae n. sp., E. zaballosi n. sp., Occidenchthonius anae n. sp., O. beieri n. sp., O. ebo n. sp., O. felgueraorum n. sp., O. gardinii n. sp., O. hoerwegi n. sp., O. lencinai n. sp., O. mahnerti n. sp., O. mateui n. sp., O. montagudi n. sp., O. murcia n. sp., O. oromii n. sp., O. ortunoi n. sp., O. riopar n. sp. and O. serranoi n. sp. A neotype is designated for Ephippiochthonius catalonicus (Beier, 1939), n. comb. As result of the changes in generic rank, 45 new combinations for species are proposed.
Levistilide A inhibits angiogenesis in liver fibrosis via vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Zhi-Min , Liu Hong-Liang , Sun Xin , Guo Tao , Shen Li , Tao Yan-Yan , Liu Cheng-Hai
Published: March 2017

Levistilide A (C24H28O4, molecular weight = 380.48) derived from Angelica sinensis (Danggui) has been reported to inhibit hepatic stellate cell proliferation. This study investigated the effects of levistilide A on liver fibrosis relating to angiogenesis, particularly on the characteristic change in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. LX-2 cells were activated by TGF-β1, and the human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HHSECs) were induced by endothelial cell growth supplement. Cell viability was detected using a methylthiazoldiphenyl–tetrazolium bromide assay; F-actin was visualized through the fluorescence probe method; cell proliferation was examined using the EdU kit; antiangiogenesis activity was assessed using the tube formation assay and transgenic zebrafish model. To verify the results in vivo, rats were subcutaneously injected with CCl4 twice a week for six weeks to duplicate the liver fibrosis model and then treated with 10 mL/kg of normal saline, 4 mg/kg of sorafenib, and 3 and 6 mg/kg of levistilide A for three weeks from the fourth week. Collagen deposition was detected through Sirius Red staining; liver microvasculature was examined through vWF labeling and X-ray 2D imaging; sinusoidal fenestrations were observed through scanning electron microscopy; collagen I, α-SMA, CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF-R2 were detected through Western blotting. Our results indicated that levistilide A attenuated LX-2 cell activation and HHSEC proliferation. The ability of HHSECs to form tubelike structures in Matrigel was inhibited, and the number of functional vessels in transgenic zebrafish decreased. In in vivo experiments, levistilide A reduced collagen deposition and the number of new microvessels; ameliorated sinusoid capillarization; and downregulated the expression of CD31, VEGF, and VEGF-R2. These findings suggest that levistilide A can inhibit liver fibrosis through antiangiogenesis by alleviating sinusoid capillarization via the VEGF signaling pathway.

Impact statement

Levistilide A has been reported to inhibit hepatic stellate cell (HSC) proliferation. In this study, we further investigated the mechanisms of levistilide A on liver fibrosis relating to angiogenesis, particularly on the characteristic change in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. The cell models of HSC and liver sinusoidal endothelial cell and CCl4 induced liver fibrosis model were used. These results suggest that levistilide A can inhibit liver fibrosis through antiangiogenesis by alleviating sinusoid capillarization via the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway. The effect of levistilide A on liver fibrosis was confirmed, and its detailed mechanism was also discussed. These findings suggest that levistilide A may be a great potential drug for treating liver fibrosis through antiangiogenesis, and this effect will be verified in other fibrotic animal model studies or by clinical trials.
Identification of unipotent megakaryocyte progenitors in human hematopoiesis
Authors: Miyawaki Kohta , Iwasaki Hiromi , Jiromaru Takashi , Kusumoto Hirotake , Yurino Ayano , Sugio Takeshi , Uehara Yasufumi , Odawara Jun , Daitoku Shinya , Kunisaki Yuya , Mori Yasuo , Arinobu Yojiro , Tsuzuki Hirofumi , Kikushige Yoshikane , Iino Tadafumi , Kato Koji , Takenaka Katsuto , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Maeda Takahiro , Akashi Koichi
Published: March 2017

Publisher's Note: There is an Inside Blood Commentary on this article in this issue.
How the Left can Right Itself
Authors: Givens Terri E.
Published: March 2017

Many pundits and politicians blame the left's neglect of white working-class voters for the success of far-right parties in Europe and the U.S. But sidelining or deriding diversity isn't the answer, writes political science professor Terri E. Givens. Instead, mainstream left parties must build broad-based support for a multiethnic approach to governance that addresses inequality, strengthens unions, and develops sustainable immigration policies.
A People without a History Won’t Fight
Authors: Bateson Ian
Published: March 2017

From Kiev, journalist Ian Bateson explores how the political wing of the far-right Azov battalion uses historical artifacts and a selective interpretation of past greatness to justify its vision for Ukraine.
Geometry-dependent functional changes in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes probed by functional imaging and RNA sequencing
Authors: Werley Christopher A. , Chien Miao-Ping , Gaublomme Jellert , Shekhar Karthik , Butty Vincent , Yi B. Alexander , Kralj Joel M. , Bloxham Blox , Boyer Laurie A. , Regev Aviv , Cohen Adam E.
Published: March 2017

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) are a promising platform for cardiac studiesin vitro, and possibly for tissue repair in humans. However, hiPSC-CM cells tend to retain morphology, metabolism, patterns of gene expression, and electrophysiology similar to that of embryonic cardiomyocytes. We grew hiPSC-CM in patterned islands of different sizes and shapes, and measured the effect of island geometry on action potential waveform and calcium dynamics using optical recordings of voltage and calcium from 970 islands of different sizes. hiPSC-CM in larger islands showed electrical and calcium dynamics indicative of greater functional maturity. We then compared transcriptional signatures of the small and large islands against a developmental time course of cardiac differentiation. Although island size had little effect on expression of most genes whose levels differed between hiPSC-CM and adult primary CM, we identified a subset of genes for which island size drove the majority (58%) of the changes associated with functional maturation. Finally, we patterned hiPSC-CM on islands with a variety of shapes to probe the relative contributions of soluble factors, electrical coupling, and direct cell-cell contacts to the functional maturation. Collectively, our data show that optical electrophysiology is a powerful tool for assaying hiPSC-CM maturation, and that island size powerfully drives activation of a subset of genes involved in cardiac maturation.
Autopia: Notes on Banham’s Visionary Metropolis
Authors: Eisenschmidt Alexander
Published: March 2017

In 1959 Reyner Banham challenged zoned urbanism by combining the Situationist psychogeographic drift with his love for Los Angeles. His essay “City as Scrambled Egg” (Banham, 1959) effectively produced a new urban image and introduced a new outlook on postwar modernization, communication, and leisure. The radicalization of contemporary life resonated in images of the city as decentralized, free, and in motion. While Le Corbusier had compared the city to an egg with demarcating zones and boundaries, Banham argued that motorization and telecommunications had long scrambled the city; “I don’t just mean in Los Angeles. A large part of the population of Europe already lives conurbatively” (Banham, 1959, p. 21). The entire region between Amsterdam and Rotterdam was already one conurbanized arena, effectively formulating an early definition of the megalopolis.Unlike CIAM’s city of the urban core with designated outskirts, thecenter was now seen to be everywhere. For Banham, this was theterrain of contemporary urbanization that needed to be understoodby holding prejudgments at bay and instead doing, what he called,“leg-work on the territory” (Banham, 1959, p. 21). But, as his ongoing fascinations with Futurism and post-war technologies revealed, this departure from modernist imagery of the city was not a disregard of modernist urban utopias but a way to rework these ideas towards a new kind of visionary; one that is less about forecasting the new and, instead, is contingent on a new optical vision of the existing city. A key site for his development of a different way of seeing the modernized urban world was the city of Los Angeles and particularly its traffic, which he called “Autopia.”
Utopia and vision. Learning from Vienna and Frankfurt
Authors: Porotto Alessandro
Published: March 2017

The article identifies and observes critically two emblematic cases of modern utopia of 1920s: Das rote Wien and Das neue Frankfurt. These two architectural experiences correspond to two alternative but complementary spatial and social models, the courtyard block (Hof) and the settlement (Siedlung). Through the historical distance today we can observe in critical way these experiences, analyzing the effects of utopian character within the contemporary city.Referring to the theoretical concepts of “utopia” and “realism” by Tafuri, the analysis tries to show the spatial elements that characterize these examples. The comparative approach highlights that today their solutions produce spatial quality at the urban and housing scale. In this way, Höfe and Siedlungen represent a “vision”.The actuality of utopia of social housing in Vienna and Frankfurt is the starting point to reflect to the contemporary architecture and collective living.
Aportes teórico-metodológicos para un Sistema de Alerta Temprana de conflictos socioambientales. Experiencias en torno al Proyecto Mirador, Ecuador
Authors: Sánchez Vázquez Luis , Eguiguren Riofrío María Beatriz
Published: March 2017

En el presente artículo se describe el diseño teórico y metodológico de un Modelo de Monitoreo de Conflictos Socioambientales con un Sistema de Alerta Temprana (MMCS-SAT) en el cantón El Pangui, Ecuador. Este modelo surge a partir de la creciente conflictividad socioambiental en el cantón influida por la llegada de la minería a gran escala. Diseñado dentro del marco teórico de los estudios sobre paz y conflictos, su objetivo principal es el monitoreo de variables clave para facilitar la identificación y el manejo no violento de los conflictos socioambientales a través del análisis de datos estadísticos y de las percepciones de la población local. Los resultados preliminares obtenidos constatan puntos de interés del MMCS-SAT como herramienta metodológica para el análisis e intervención en conflictos socioambientales. Como conclusión más relevante destacamos la pertinencia de la combinación de fuentes cualitativas y cuantitativas como propuesta metodológica para detectar conflictos potencialmente violentos, aunque se presentan ciertas limitaciones a la hora de emitir alertas tempranas de forma efectiva.
Detección del crecimiento urbano en el estado de Hidalgo mediante imágenes Landsat
Authors: Cano Salinas Laura , Rodríguez Laguna Rodrigo , Valdez Lazalde José René , Acevedo Sandoval Otilio Arturo , Beltrán Hernández Rosa Icela
Published: March 2017

La detección de la expansión urbana a través del procesamiento digital de imágenes satelitales proporciona información valiosa para el conocimiento de la dinámica del cambio de uso del suelo y su relación espacial con factores ambientales. Para aplicar o generar políticas efectivas de planeación del territorio es indispensable contar con un registro histórico de la distribución regional de los asentamientos humanos, elemento que en nuestro país es prácticamente nulo. Por esta razón, este texto tiene por objetivo determinar la tasa de crecimiento urbano durante el periodo 2000-2014 en el estado de Hidalgo, México, e identificar las zonas potenciales de expansión a partir de imágenes Landsat. Se utilizaron seis escenas Landsat para el análisis espacial de la cobertura urbana estatal y se evaluó su relación con el área de influencia vial. Como productos cartográficos se obtuvieron dos mapas: uno de distribución de la cobertura urbana y otro de los municipios con mayor expansión, cuyas áreas están localizadas en la región del Valle del Mezquital. Sin embargo, Mineral de la Reforma, Tetepango, Tizayuca y Pachuca de Soto se destacan por sus tasas de crecimiento durante el periodo de estudio: 183.44%, 102%, 94% y 68.5%, respectivamente. En total, la superficie urbana estatal aumentó 72.3 km2 del 2000 al 2014 con una tasa de crecimiento promedio de 1.8% por año. Dicho crecimiento se asoció con las áreas de influencia de infraestructura vial importante, como el Libramiento Arco Norte en Hidalgo. Por lo tanto, se considera al Valle del Mezquital y la Cuenca de México como regiones potenciales de expansión urbana en el estado.
Implementación del Índice de Condición Forestal (ICF) como un insumo para el diseño de políticas públicas de corte forestal en México
Authors: Sosa Gutierrez Neyra , Velázquez Alejandro , Ayala-Ortiz Dante Ariel , Bocco Gerardo , Gopar Merino Luis Fernando
Published: March 2017

Las políticas públicas (PP) se definen como aquellas acciones diseñadas, implementadas y evaluadas por el gobierno, que operan a través de programas, cuyo fin último es mejorar o solucionar problemas sociales a corto y largo plazo. Una deficiencia recurrente en el diseño de las políticas públicas es la falta de análisis de la complejidad del contexto territorial. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio se centró en desarrollar el Índice de Condición Forestal como instrumento que provee una referencia espacial robusta para fortalecer el diseño de PP de corte forestal ad hoc para cada territorio. Los insumos del Índice de Condición Forestal son datos que describen la dinámica tanto del grado de marginación como de la cobertura vegetal durante el periodo 2000-2010 de los municipios de Michoacán como estudio de caso. Los resultados demuestran que existen grupos de municipios con tendencias significativamente disímiles y que por ende experimentan problemáticas y desafíos contrastantes. Se concluye que cada territorio requiere un diseño de políticas púbicas de corte forestal adecuado a su condición para lograr su efectividad a corto y largo plazo. Se discute la relevancia de los resultados a la luz de la etapa de diseño de las políticas públicas y las consecuencias con respecto al grado de vulnerabilidad de los territorios al suponer que una misma PP se aplica igual en territorios tan disímiles.
On the polynomial solution of the first PainlevÃ© equation
Authors: Sierra Porta D. , NÃºÃ±ez L. A.
Published: March 2017

The PainlevÃ© equations and their solutions arises in pure, applied mathematics and theoretical physics. In this manuscript we apply the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM) for solving the first PainlevÃ© equation. Our approximation technique is based on the use of polynomial solutions, which are shown to be accurate when compared to the computed numerical solutions, thus providing a very close description of the evolution of the system.
The effect of relationship marketing, emotional marketing and supportive marketing on customers loyalty with the mediating role of customers satisfaction: a case study (pars Abad banks)
Authors: Talaneh Elhameh , Sarboland Kheirollah
Published: March 2017

In todayâ€™s competitive world, the attraction and retention of customers in banking industry has become much more difficult and only those banks are successful in this competition that focuses their activities on attraction and retention of their customers. In other words, customersâ€™ satisfaction and loyalty are considered as one of the most significant objectives of banking system. Consequently, the purpose of present research is to investigate the impact of relationship marketing, emotional marketing and supportive marketing on the customersâ€™ loyalty in Pars Abad banks with the mediating role of customersâ€™ satisfaction. The statistical population of research comprises all the customers of private banks, public banks and credit and finance institutions of Pars Abad. From this population, 377 customers were selected as the research sample using random sampling method in terms of Morgan table. The questionnaires were used as the statistical instrument for data collection. The reliability of these questionnaires was confirmed using Cranachâ€™s Coefficient Alpha. The collected data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Boot Strap. The SPSS, Lisrel and Stata software were also used in various stages of estimation. The results revealed that the customersâ€™ satisfaction plays a mediating function in the relationship between the effect of relationship marketing, emotional marketing and supportive marketing on customersâ€™ loyalty.
Low fertility, childlessness and family changes in the first half of the 20th century in France and Belgium
Authors: Brée Sandra , Eggerickx Thierry , Sanderson Jean-Paul
Published: March 2017

Résumé

Au cours de l’entre-deux-guerres, la fécondité a chuté à des niveaux très faibles dans de nombreux pays d’Europe occidentale, presque toujours en dessous du niveau de remplacement. Ce phénomène reste pourtant assez peu étudié et c’est pour apporter de nouveaux éléments à sa compréhension que cet article se penche sur la taille de la famille en France et en Belgique pour les générations de femmes nées entre 1872 et 1931 (en distinguant les femmes en fonction de leur état civil), révélant le rôle important de l’infécondité et des petites familles dans les très faibles niveaux de fécondité observés. Un accent particulier est également mis sur le calendrier de la formation de la famille révélant que les très faibles niveaux de fécondité de l’entre-deux-guerres peuvent être expliqués, au moins en partie, par une modification du calendrier de la fécondité.

Abstract

During the interwar period, fertility dropped to very low levels in many western European countries, almost always below the replacement level but not much is known about this phenomenon. To bring new features, this paper focuses on family size in France and in Belgium for cohorts of women born between 1872 and 1931 (distinguishing women according to their marital status), revealing the important role of childlessness and small families in the strong decline in fertility. A particular focus is then placed on the timing of family formation revealing that the very low levels of fertility of the interwar period can be explained, at least in part, by a modification of the timing of fertility.
Informationsdidaktik – Skizze eines neuen informationswissenschaftlichen Forschungsfelds
Authors: Michel Antje
Published: March 2017

In diesem Beitrag wird das Forschungsfeld der Informationsdidaktik aus den didaktikwissenschaftlich und informationswissenschaftlich relevanten Forschungsdesideraten der formalen Beschreibung von Information und der Praxis des „sich Informierens“ hergeleitet. Als Ziel der informationsdidaktischen Forschung werden zum einen die Überprüfung der Relevanz der beiden Untersuchungsgegenstände als Einflussfaktoren für die didaktische Modellbildung und zum anderen die Entwicklung eines Beitrags zur empirischen Beschreibung von Information als einer der Grundkategorien der Informationswissenschaften benannt. Weiterhin wird der methodische Rahmen der informationsdidaktischen Forschung im Kontext der angewandten Forschung an der Fachhochschule Potsdam erläutert. Abschließend wird eine Verortung der Informationsdidaktik in der informationswissenschaftlichen Fachdiskussion vorgeschlagen.
Automatische Erkennung von politischen Trends mit Twitter – brauchen wir Meinungsumfragen noch?
Authors: Siegel Melanie , Deuschle Jennifer , Lenze Barbara , Petrovic Marina , Starker Sascha
Published: March 2017

Meinungsforschungsinstitute betreiben einen beträchtlichen Aufwand, um die Meinungstrends der Bevölkerung bezogen auf Politiker mit Telefon- und Straßenumfragen zu erfassen. Mit einer Studierendengruppe haben wir uns im Winter 2015/16 die Frage gestellt, ob es möglich ist, diesen Prozess zu automatisieren. Die Idee dahinter ist, dass die Plattform Twitter vielfach für politische Diskussionen genutzt wird. Da sich Tweets auf einen Umfang von 140 Zeichen beschränken und das jeweilige Thema durch Hashtags meist eindeutig zugeordnet werden kann, scheinen sich Twitter-Daten gut für eine automatische Sentiment-Analyse zu eignen. Mit Sentiment-Analyse-Methoden kann man diese Tweets automatisch in positive und negative Meinungsäußerungen klassifizieren. Wir haben dafür einen Twitter-Crawler und Sentiment-Analyse in der Programmiersprache Python implementiert. Anschließend haben wir über einen Zeitraum von vier Wochen Tweets zu Politikern gesammelt und die Ergebnisse der Meinungsanalysen visualisiert. Schließlich haben wir unsere Ergebnisse mit dem ZDF-Politbarometer verglichen.
Experience and the Argument Against Human Freedom
Authors: Clark David K.
Published: March 2017

The heart of this essay, presented in part II, is an attempt to break the longstanding gridlock of the determinism/free-will controversy. Part I sets the table by examining recent attempts to refine and resolve this controversy. For example, Fischer’s groundbreaking case for semi-compatibilism seeks to soften the devastating impact of incompatibilism by arguing that while metaphysical (libertarian) freedom is indeed incompatible with determinism, human responsibility is not. But Fischer’s ingenious application of Frankfort-like examples simply cannot rescue any relevant notion of human responsibility. Rather, Fischer’s resourceful argumentation guides us to a pivotal realization. Kane’s Principle of Alternative Possibilities (the longstanding “could have done otherwise” necessary condition for human freedom aka Fischer’s “Leeway Principle”) is false. Thus, any successful attack against metaphysical freedom must target the “source-hood” thesis – an indeterministic agency theory of metaphysical freedom – the very idea of which is rejected by Hume, Nietzsche, Fischer et al as simply incoherent. But I argue that these philosophers are surely mistaken about the literal incoherence of the source-hood premise. Consequently, the current debate cannot move us beyond the frustration faced so squarely by Kant: we just can’t find a way to advance the case for or against metaphysical freedom. In Part II, I urge that an appeal to the a posteriori data of experience is sufficient to decisively resolve this recalcitrant impasse. This a posteriori evidence I argue, reveals that the thesis of metaphysical freedom is surely false. There is no human freedom; and neither are humans morally responsible for their choices. The supportive case supplied here will seek to rehabilitate Schopenhauer’s proclamation that while “man can do what he wants, he cannot will what he wants.”

Schopenhauer (1974, 212), nt 34.

I believe this claim is importantly correct; but as it stands, it obviously begs the question. Therefore, this essay will attempt to present both a compelling defense of Schopenhauer’s dictum, as well as the supplementary insight which makes philosophical capital of that defense. My central thesis, universally confirmed by experience, is that what we want most causes us to choose accordingly. It is not physically possible to choose otherwise than in accord with what we desire most strongly; but this efficacious desire is never itself chosen; it is instead always already given. The full argument follows.
Material Objects and Their Parts
Authors: Brewer Bill
Published: March 2017

Commonsense appears committed to enduring macroscopic material objects that exclude each other from their precise location at all times. I elaborate a specific version of the commonsense commitment and consider its merits in connection with an important line of objection concerning the relation between material objects and their parts. The central thesis is that amongst persisting macroscopic material objects there are Natural Continuants, NCs, whose unity at a time and over time is entirely independent of our concepts, which occupy their precise spatial location Exclusively at all times, and which ground Artificial Continuants, ACs, by partition, collection, and approximation. I call the position the Natural Continuants View (NCV). Section “The Natural Continuants View” offers a provisional characterization. Section “Spatial Partition” considers a familiar puzzle concerning the idea that material objects may survive the loss of a part in order to provide intuitive motivation for (NCV) and to elaborate its commitments concerning (spatial) parts. The result is an account of the way in which NCs ground ACs by spatial partition. Section “Collection and Approximation” turns to a consideration of collections and assemblages of NCs. Section “Conclusion” concludes.
‘So yo creo que es un proceso evolutivo’: Language ideologies among Puerto Ricans in southeastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Shenk Elaine
Published: March 2017

This article examines the perspectives of Puerto Ricans living in the United States in response to a publicity campaign that focuses on the correction of linguistic features that appear in some Puerto Ricans’ spoken Spanish. The campaign addresses phonetic, morphological, lexical, and syntactic features, including a specific set of words or phrases that are named as lexical and semantic borrowings from English. Participants were invited to respond to the content and ideologies present in the campaign by means of semi-structured interviews. Through a framework of Critical Discourse Analysis and language (de)legitimation, the article analyzes the ways in which interviewees (de)legitimize loanwords in Puerto Rican Spanish. A Critical Discourse Analytical framework allows for the mapping of spoken and written texts (e. g. the campaign texts) onto discourses
Wachen und Erwachen – Eschatologische Variationen bei Levinas und Kierkegaard
Authors: Lincoln Ulrich
Published: March 2017

»Wachet!« Der eschatologische Ruf zur Wachsamkeit ist ein Grundmotiv der biblischen Überlieferung. Anhand von Texten Emmanuel Levinas‘ und Søren Kierkegaards untersucht der Aufsatz die Frage, wie das Motiv der Wachheit von Theologie und Philosophie aufgenommen werden kann. Levinas‘ Texte über das Erwachen sind zugleich eine kritische Aneignung der Husserlschen Phänomenologie, insofern Levinas im Begriff des Erwachens ­seine Abkehr von der transzendentalen Phänomenologie markiert. Kierkegaards »Der Begriff Angst« verfolgt demgegenüber das Thema der eschatologischen Wachheit auf indirekte Weise. Dennoch spielt der Begriff für die Metaphorologie und Methodologie des Buches eine wichtige Rolle. Beide Autoren erläutern Wachheit im Zusammenhang mit dem Begriff des Unendlichen. In diesem Kontext ergibt sich eine Interpretation Kierkegaards im Lichte des Husserlschen ­Intentionalitätsbegriffs. Für Levinas wie auch Kierkegaard ermöglicht das Phänomen der Wachheit, verstanden als Intentionalität in Unendlichkeit, den Ansatz für ein religionsphilosophisches Verständnis von Intersubjektivität und Geschichte.
Martin Luthers Paradies-Kirche Zur Frage der Allgemeingültigkeit des christlichen Glaubens
Authors: Stolle Volker
Published: March 2017

In seiner Genesisvorlesung entwickelt Luther detailreich die Vorstellung, Gott habe die christliche Kirche bereits im Paradies begründet und Adam und Eva seien die ersten Christen gewesen. Obwohl er sich bemüht, diese These aus dem Text der biblischen Urgeschichte herzuleiten, gelingt ihm ein solcher Schriftbeweis nicht. Das dogmatische Anliegen, das ihn zu dieser gewagten Theoriebildung führt, liegt offensichtlich darin, mit der Priorität des Christentums eine Abhängigkeit aller denkbaren außerchristlichen Entwick­lungen von einem ursprunghaft christlichen Anfang zu erweisen und damit die eigene Glaubensüberzeugung zum Maßstab der Wahrnehmung aller fremden geschichtlichen Erscheinungen zu machen. Andere Religionen erscheinen als Fehlentwicklungen, die von der christlichen Wurzel wegführen. Das Judentum wird als eine im eigentlichen Sinne christliche Größe vereinnahmt. Die staat­lichen Ordnungssysteme werden an einer göttlichen Setzung gemessen. Das öffentliche Recht wird in den Rahmen des Gottesgesetzes einbeschrieben. Indem Luther eine grundlegende auctoritas der christlichen Kirche annimmt, wächst der »Kirche Satans« eine fundamentale Bedeutung zu, da alles vom eigenen christlichen Verständnis Abweichende auf den Einfluss böser Mächte zurückgeführt wird. Der Beitrag möchte auf diese ideologische Komponente in Luthers Schriftprinzip aufmerksam machen.
Hans Schaefer und sein Seminar
Authors: Meier Christian
Published: March 2017

Der Aufsatz versucht, den wissenschaftlichen Ansatz, die Leistung und die Bedeutung des Heidelberger Althistorikers Hans Schaefer (1906-1961) sowie die Anfänge seines Schülers Peter Sattler (1930-1961) darzustellen, ein Stück deutscher Wissenschaftsgeschichte in der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Beide wurden, zusammen mit acht Kollegen, Opfer eines Flugzeugsunfalls bei Ankara.
Early History of Elis and Pisa: Invented or Evolving Traditions?
Authors: Kõiv Mait
Published: March 2017

The article discusses the development of ethnic and political identities, and the related traditions concerning the past, in Archaic and Classical Elis and Pisa. It shows that the earliest signs of Pisatan identity can be traced to the sixth century BC, and that the Eleans of the valley of Peneios on the one hand, and the people dwelling in the valley of Alpheios (i.e. the Pisatans) and the so-called Triphylia farther south on the other, nourished distinct traditions about their heroic past, which reflect distinct ethnic identities. Instead of assuming that the Pisatans as a group was intentionally constructed and its ‚history‘ invented during the political disturbances of the fourth century BC, we must accept that the Eleans and the Pisatans had since an early period developed and mutually re-negotiated the traditions confirming their identities and promoting their interests in the changing historical conditions.
PROP1 gene mutations in a 36-year-old female presenting with psychosis
Authors: Chaudhary Durgesh Prasad , Rijal Tshristi , Jha Kunal Kishor , Saluja Harpreet
Published: March 2017

Combined pituitary hormonal deficiency (CPHD) is a rare disease that results from mutations in genes coding for transcription factors that regulate the differentiation of pituitary cells. PROP1 gene mutations are one of the etiological diagnoses of congenital panhypopituitarism, however symptoms vary depending on phenotypic expression. We present a case of psychosis in a 36-year-old female with congenital panhypopituitarism who presented with paranoia, flat affect and ideas of reference without a delirious mental state, which resolved with hormone replacement and antipsychotics. Further evaluation revealed that she had a homozygous mutation of PROP1 gene. In summary, compliance with hormonal therapy for patients with hypopituitarism appears to be effective for the prevention and treatment of acute psychosis symptoms.

Learning points:

Patients with PROP1 gene mutation may present with psychosis with no impairment in orientation and memory.

There is currently inadequate literature on this topic, and further study on the possible mechanisms of psychosis as a result of endocrine disturbance is required.

Compliance with hormonal therapy for patients with hypopituitarism appears to be effective for prevention and treatment of acute psychosis symptoms.