bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI HEMAGLUTININ Staphylococcus aureus PENYEBAB MASTITIS SUBKLINIS PADA SAPI PERAH
Authors: Abrar Mahdi , Wibawan I Wayan Teguh , Priosoeryanto Bambang Pontjo , Soedarwanto Mirnawati , Pasaribu Fachriyan Hasymi
Published: October 2023

Dalam penelitian ini isolasi dan karakterisasi hemaglutinin Staphylococcus aureus dilakukan dengan teknik afinitas kromatograf Karakterisasi hemaglutinin yang dihasilkan dilajutkan dengan teknik elektroforesis menggunakan metode sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) dan dilanjutkan untuk melihat pengaruh suhu dan enzim terhadap aktivitas hemaglutinin. Hasil penelitia menunjukkan bahwa komponen hemaglutinin Staphylococcus aureus yang telah diisolasi memiliki berat molekul 46 kDa. Aktivit Staphylococcus aureus dalam meghemaglutinasi hilang pada pemanasan 60° C dan pengaruh enzim proteolitik. Hasil ini mengindikasika bahwa hemaglutinin Staphylococcus aureus adalah protein.
PENGOPTIMALAN KINERJA MOTORIK PADA PENUAAN FISIOLOGIS DAN PENUAAN AKIBAT STRES OKSIDATIF DENGAN ALANIN-GLUTAMIN DIPEPTIDA DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PERBAIKAN FUNGSI HIPOKAMPUS
Authors: S Sunarno , Manalu Wasmen , Nastiti Kusumorini , Agungpriyono Dewi Ratih
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan pengaruh alanin-glutamin dipeptida 7% terhadap perbaikan fungsi hipokampus melalui pengamatan beberapa parameter kinerja motorik seperti jarak tempuh (JT), waktu stereotipe (WT), waktu ambulatori (WA), dan waktu istirahat (WI). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memberikan alanin-glutamin dipeptida 7% selama 12 hari pada tikus umur 12 dan 24 bulan yang mengalami penuaan fisiologis dan penuaan akibat stres oksidatif. Pengamatan terhadap semua parameter kinerja motorik dilakukan dengan alat Opto-Varimex yang dikoneksikan dengan software Autotract. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan alanin-glutamin dipeptida 7% berpengaruh terhadap perbaikan kinerja motorik pada kondisi penuaan fisiologis dan penuaan akibat stres oksidatif.
GANGGUAN FUNGSI HATI INDUK BUNTING AKIBAT PEMBERIAN KARBON TETRAKLORIDA
Authors: Ganda Putri Panjaitan Ruqiah , M Masriani
Published: October 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gangguan fungsi hati yang terjadi akibat pemberian karbon tetraklorida (CCl4) pada berbagai tingkatan dosis terhadap induk bunting. Karbon tetraklorida dosis tunggal 0,014 dan 0,14 ml/20 g bobot badan mencit diberikan secara intraperitoneum pada mencit bunting, lalu diamati kerusakan yang terjadi pada hati. Kerusakan hati ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar enzim alanin transaminase (ALT), aspartat transaminase (AST) dalam serum, dan gambaran histopatologi hati. Dibandingkan dengan kont rol, pemberian CCl4 dosis 0,014 ml/20 g bobot badan mengakibatkan peningkatan ALT dan AST, bahkan pada dosis 0,14 ml/20 g bobot badan mengakibatkan induk mati dalam waktu kurang dari 24 jam setelah perlakuan. Gambaran histopatologis sel-sel hati pada kelompok mencit bunting yang mendapatkan CCl4 0,014 ml/20 g bobot badan menunjukkan terjadinya steatosis. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian karbon tetraklorida pada induk bunting menimbulkan kerusakan seiring peningkatan dosis yang diinduksikan, bahkan berakibat kematian .
PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO SAPI SETELAH FERTILISASI MENGGUNAKAN METODE INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI) DAN AKTIVASI DENGAN STRONTIUM
Authors: Gunawan Muhammad , Fahrudin Mokhamad , Boediono Arief
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) dan aktivasi dengan strontium untuk

mengetahui perkembangan pronukleus dan perkembangan embrio sampai tahap blastosis. Kombinasi ICSI dan strontium 20 mM meningkatkan

perkembangan pronukleus 2-PN mencapai 43,59%. Hasil perkembangan embrio pada perlakuan kombinasi ICSI dan strontium 20 mM mencapai

tingkat perkembangan 2-4 sel (50,5%), 8-16 sel (43,73%), dan blastosis (15,63%). Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah kombinasi ICSI

dengan aktivasi strontium 20 mM mampu menghasilkan perkembangan in vitro embrio sapi yang lebih baik.
3. Identification And Prevalence Of Endoparasites In Lovebird (Agapornis Fischeri) Sold In Banda Aceh
Authors: Zulmi Muhammad Dicky , Ferasyi Teuku Reza , Farida Farida , Winaruddin Winaruddin , Eliawardani Eliawardani , Zuhrawaty Zuhrawaty
Published: October 2023

This study aims to identify the types and rate the prevalence of endoparasites in lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri) sold in Banda Aceh City. The study has been carried out in Banda Aceh from December 2018 to January 2019. The samples used in this study were 60 samples of lovebird feces taken from pet bird traders from the Ulee Kareng market (2 locations), Seutui market (3 locations), and Neusu market (7 locations). The results obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results of the examination showed that the prevalence of lovebirds sold in Banda Aceh City was 10%. In detail, endoparasites worms from the genus of Ascaridia sp, Heterakis sp, and Capillaria spp were found, with a prevalence of 5%, 3.33%, and 1.67% respectively. Thus it can be concluded that there is endoparasites worms infection in lovebirds sold by traders in Banda Aceh City
7. Leukocyte Profile and Bone Fracture Recovery post Scaffold Biphasic Calcium Phosphate/Alginate implantation in Sheep
Authors: Gunanti Gunanti , Dahlan Ki Agus , Latif Afiqah Binti Abd , Oktafani Liza , Afifa Selma Laily Nur , Angesti Shayrilia Ivanovanny , Soesatyoratih Rr , Widyari Sus Derthi , Erwin Erwin
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the leukocyte profile and bone fracture recovery post scaffold biphasic calcium phosphate/alginate implantation in the sheep’s os tibia. Three sheeps involved in this study and defect is made on each left and right os tiba. Left os tibia as a control while scaffold biphasic calcium phosphate/alginate is implanted on the right os tibia. Blood is collected before and after implantation to be evaluated, while the radigoraph is used to evaluate the bone fracture recovery post biphasic calcium phosphate/alginate implantation. The result shows that scaffold biphasic calcium phosphate/alginate has no significant effect to the leukocytes profile and shows a good result on affecting the recovery process of bone fracture, although it stil not able to increase the recovery periods.
4. Identification Endoparasites Of Wildboar (Sus scrofa) In Lhoknga Aceh Besar
Authors: Azhar Azhar , Rusty Boni Cutami , Bakri Muttaqin , Farida Farida , Nazaruddin4 Nazaruddin , Zuhrawaty Zuhrawaty
Published: October 2023

This research was aimed at the identification of endoparasites in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the district area Lhoknga Aceh Besar. Many six wild boars were used in this research and examined at the laboratory Parasitology in the Veterinary Medicine faculty at Universitas Syiah Kuala. The wild boar was trapped and using cough at the traditional tool. The identification of endoparasites was done by direct examination. The result of observation on the feces was obtained endoparasites Ascaris suum with a prevalence of 50% and Oesophagostomum dentatum with a prevalence of 15%.  Based on these results it can be concluded that the infestation of endoparasites in wild boars feces (Sus scrofa) were Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum dentatum.
3. Malignant Testicular Neoplasia in Male Pig with Scrotal Hernia and Testicular Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Gunanti Gunanti , Rahmiati Dwi Utari , Munir Harits Abdullah , Winarto Tytha Nadhifa , Sari Septi Nurcholida , Nuradilah Himah , Rahman Dina Zuhdina
Published: October 2023

A 4 month old male pig weighing 18.5 kg has enlarged testes. The mass in the scrotum is enlarge rapidly within 1 month, there is no known castration history of this animal. Pigs have a fairly good appetite, but have persistent diarrhea. Physical and supporting examinations (radiography, ultrasonography, hematology and blood chemistry) were performed. Radiographic results showed radiopaque nodules in the lungs, gas distension in the fundus and intestines that were imaged radiolucently, and radiopaque masses in the testis-scrotum. Based on the results of ultrasonography, it is known that the bladder is surrounded by intestinal organs and some anechoic areas are seen on the sonogram of the testes. Hematological and blood chemistry data obtained showed that the animals had hypochromic anemia, decreased ALP values, and had leukocytosis. The results of the investigations carried out were not clear enough to determine the cause of the enlargement of the pig's testicles, so a surgical approach was carried out with a dubius-infausta prognosis. The results of this approach were adjusted with the results of the previous investigations and concluded that the pigs had malignant testicular neoplasia, scrotal hernia, and testicular cyst.
Total Protein Value Of Stray Cats And Domestic Pet Cats In Surabaya City
Authors: Hermawan Intan Permatasari , Mudji Era Hari
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this research was to identify the protein value of stray cats and domestic pet cats in Surabaya. In this study blood samples were collected from 28 stray cats and 28 domestic pet cats. Total protein value was determined by Pacar Laboratory Surabaya. The result showed that 11 samples of stray cats (39%) had abnormal protein value, where 7 samples had low protein level (4,5-4,7g/dL) and 4 samples had high protein level (9,1-10,1 g/dL). Total protein value from domestic pet cats showed that 7 samples (25%) were abnormal in which 4 samples had low protein level (5,3-5,8 g/dL) and 3 samples had high protein level (8,9-9,4 g/dL). The data was analysed using independent sample t-test with SPSS, and showed that the data was not significantly different between stray cats and domestic pet cats. It can be concluded that both stray cats and domestic pet cats had risk of low and high total protein value as indicators of any disease.
Unlocking Potential of a Shuaiba Reservoir Field Through Accelerated Field Development and Utilization of New Technologies in Geosteering and Production Optimization
Authors: Kindi Z. A Al , Balushi A. AL
Published: October 2023

Shuaiba formation is one of key reservoirs around Oman. Most of big Shuaiba plays are developed since the early days, however some plays were discovered and ranked as low recovery plays. Our focus is to highlight key elements were applied to unlock and accelerate development of one of those fields.

The first exploration well was drilled targeting deep Gas reservoirs, the vertical hole shows an indication of HC within XX Shuaiba play. XX Shuaiba play was low relief structure which remains the key risk, so an appraisal well drilled vertically to assess the potential followed by lateral well to perform productivity test.

As a result, from few appraisal wells around the field, the key challenges were:

Project funding constrains. Steering the wells close to the roof. The reservoir permeability is high, and water is highly mobile. Crude processing Capacity limitations. Produced Water handling. Optimization of wells hook-up process.

To overcome and accelerate the project, a strategic note submitted to get a fast approval for the updated FDP. Project strategy to minimize the cost by have rental stations and optimize cost of wells drilling and surface constructions.

Well placement was continuously improved by implement different logging solutions (ex: Borehole imaging, Roof indicators …etc.). However, placement is also critical to delay water productions as the zones are vertically connected so mechanical shutoff implemented (Ex: scab liner, straddle packers… etc). In line with subsurface solutions, in surface for wells with High potential and low water cut an extended well test unit were carried on also an introduction of mini station has maximized and accelerate crude production and processing. In addition, major project established to handle the capacity of water and ramp up oil production. To fasten hookup process, LLRTP flow lines commissioned to connect wells to MSV also mobile DG used to power artificial lift down hole equipment till commissioning of OHL.

The project recovered the cost in around 5 years with sustained oil production to date.
Novel Approach of Reservoir Management to Ensure Reservoir Healthiness and Gas Availability to the Network
Authors: Yaqoubi Nouf Al , Sudarev Maxim , Hammadi Shamma Al , Marzooqi Laila Al , Latypov Eduard , Hosani Mariam Al , Bairaq Ahmed Al
Published: October 2023

This study presents a state-of-the-art approach to enhance the development of a giant gas-condensate reservoir in the UAE. The primary objective is to maximize condensate recovery and maintain reservoir pressure while also focusing on decarbonization and emission reduction. With the combination of productivity growth and sustainable strategy, multiple measures were taken to diminish the necessity of drilling new wells and drilling related facilities. The study specifically focuses on the recycling mode in the reservoir, aiming to achieve high condensate recovery and reservoir pressure maintenance by dividing the reservoir into distinct sectors. This approach is particularly valuable during under-injection mode when there is a lack of make-up gas or a need to produce sellable gas. Proper distribution of available gas for injection is crucial for maintaining reservoir pressure where it is most needed and preventing premature gas breakthrough. The study's main goal is to sectorize the reservoir based on geological definitions and optimize well-level strategies, including the redistribution of injection and full-field development plans. To accomplish this, geological data such as facies are utilized initially, followed by the use of actual tracer and production/injection data to validate the sectorization. This work has yielded positive results, leading to an increase in condensate recovery by several million units without requiring additional investments. Based on the outcome analysis, an implementation plan has been devised, specifying allowable gas injection rates for each gas injector. Overall, the implementation of this approach has resulted in a significant increase in condensate recovery and an extension of the gas production plateau.

Further optimization the performance was achieved by conducting horizontalization of the vertical wells with low condensate gas ration (CGR). The horizontalization strategy resulted in minimization of reservoir contacts and enhancement of productivity. Based on the sectorization concept, peripheral drilling was carried out targeting the upswept rich condensate zones. In summary, under the sectorization strategy, horizontalization, low CGR well optimization, and peripheral drilling were combinedly carried out resulting in improvements of ultimate recovery and production efficiency. The sectorization implementation added gain of ∼ 0.5% on the URF. The horizontalization added gain of ∼1.5% and ∼ 4 % from the Peripheral project. Overall, the condensate URF was enhanced by ∼ 5- 6%
Using a Permanently Installed Fiber Optic Sensing System for Water Injection Monitoring on an Onshore Water Injection Well in a Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Mason J. , Naldrett G. , Venkata S. Rachapudi , Ofowena F. , Rios J. Vargas , Ahmed J. , Mahmood H. , Langnes T.
Published: October 2023

A series of fiber optic surveys were performed in an Onshore well in Abu Dhabi to prove the concept of using both Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) for water injection monitoring.

This technology aims to provide new and novel techniques where these surveys could be carried out without wellbore intervention, thereby reducing cost, removing HSE risk and lowering carbon footprint. In addition to these significant benefits fiber optic data provides a dense array of measurements from surface to total depth.

The well selected for this proof-of-concept pilot was an onshore horizontal water injector located south of Abu Dhabi. Total depth of the well is approximately 13,000ft, of which approximately 5,000ft is an open hole injection interval. The fiber optic cable was clamped to a 3.5″ tubing string at the time of completion, all the way from surface to total depth. The reservoir section was completed open hole with slotted 3.5″ tubing below the production packer allowing injection through perforated pipe into five separate intervals, each isolated by four swells packers.

DAS and DTS data were recorded on the first injection into this well. Although water injection had started in the field the project team obtained dispensation from the reservoir management team to keep the well shut in until fiber optic acquisition could be acquired. This allowed a stable geothermal baseline to be obtained, and after initial injection the well only had to be shut for a few hours to obtain a good warmback response.
Unearthing Hidden Treasures Beneath Our Feet: The Thrilling Journey of Recent Oil Field Discovery and Charting Future Opportunities, Onshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Salahuddin A. A. , Al-Ghaferi M. R. , Khan K. A. , Warsito E. , Aljneibi N. M.
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a case study of the successful discovery of an appraisal well on a fault-bounded oil accumulation, carried out recently. The discovery was made adjacent to two big mature fields, highlighting the importance of careful geological and geophysical evaluation in identifying and targeting untapped potential hydrocarbon reserves. This paper also showcases the pre-drilled estimation of the probability of success (PoS) to properly evaluate the risk associated to the prospect and improve drilling success.

The study involved a comprehensive and thorough evaluation of geological, geophysical, and petrophysical data to understand the complexities of the petroleum system elements of the prospect. A range of advanced geoscience techniques were utilized, including seismic interpretation, advanced seismic imaging, well log analysis, core analysis, structural analysis, basin modeling, and play fairway analysis to develop a detailed understanding of the petroleum system elements of the area. This enabled the identification of high-quality potential hydrocarbon accumulation target in the fault-bounded reservoir. The appraisal well was drilled vertically using the latest drilling technologies and advanced data acquisition programs that allowed for better understanding on the reservoir characterization.

The well intersected significant oil column thickness with good reservoir properties and the oil was of good quality. The discovery of the fault-bounded oil accumulation was a significant achievement, highlighting the analysis of drilling data, mud log, well logs, and production testing data to further understand the reservoir potential and productivity for field development plan purposes. The discovery also demonstrated and provided valuable insights into the importance of careful geological and geophysical evaluation in identifying and targeting potential hydrocarbon traps and reserves with same geological setting and trap concept in other onshore areas.

The success of the appraisal well discovery on a fault-bounded oil accumulation demonstrates the importance of utilizing a range of advanced geoscience techniques to understand the complexities of the petroleum system elements of the prospect. This allows for the identification and targeting of potential hydrocarbon traps, and ultimately, the successful discovery of new reserves.
Stratigraphy and Depositional Environments of the Paleogene Pabdeh Foredeep Basin: A Shallow Shelf to Deep Basin Transect, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
Authors: Mills W. S. , Socha K. , Malczewski M. , Swire P. H. , Firpo G. , Balta A. O. , Burckhart T. , Kepinski M. , Ryder R. , Cetean C. , Sekti R. , Pardon A. , Mccarthy A. , Gold D. P. , Holloway D. , Hadro P. , Hjalmarsdottir H. , Hayward P.
Published: October 2023

The present study is the result of a technical collaboration undertaken by RAK Gas (the national energy company of the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, UAE), PGNiG PKN ORLEN (current operator of RAK Block 5, Figure 1) and CGG.

The research focuses on the Paleogene Pabdeh Group, the thick sediment package that filled the accommodation space developed during the Northern Emirates foreland basin evolution (Figure 2). The main goal of the study was to create an integrated stratigraphic framework and regional understanding of the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene depositional system by describing age, facies distribution and depositional environment of the Aruma and Pabdeh sequences, within the Oman Mountain foreland basin.

The Pabdeh Group encompasses a variety of lithologies related to different sediments sources and depositional settings, revealing a rather complex tectono-stratigraphic evolution. A correct understanding of such sedimentological diversity is critical to develop an effective hydrocarbon exploration strategy, including multiple reservoir targets, play concepts and exploration scenarios. To date, a relatively limited number of research papers has focused on the Pabdeh potential, mostly because the oil and gas exploration and production in the Northern Emirates has been historically limited to the Cretaceous carbonates of the Arabian Platform.

New data acquisition carried out in the last decade in the Ras Al Khaimah (RAK) acreage (i.e. onshore 3D seismic, FTG/Aeromagnetics) contributed to generate a rejuvenated interest in the Cenozoic plays, which has allowed a leads/prospects portfolio to be developed in the Paleogene section and led, in 2023, to the drilling of the first exploration well targeting the Pabdeh Group (Oryx-1). Several authors who have utilized the recently acquired data, published novel research material on the UAE foreland potential including Fava (2018), Firpo (2020 and 2021), Swire et al. (2022).
Near Bit, Real-Time 1D and 3D Ultra-Deep Resistivity Inversion; A Case Study in the Longest Maximum-Reservoir-Contact well Offshore Abu Dhabi, UAE
Authors: Serry Amr , Ahmed Shafiq , Arif Abdelrahman , Keshta Osama , Yousif Sharifa , Alhamedi Asma , Cottin Christophe , Fares Wael , Manurung Vinda , Waseem _ , Clegg Nigel
Published: October 2023

For decades, horizontal wells, offshore Abu Dhabi have been planned and executed with the objective of enhancing well productivity, injectivity, and to reduce water coning. One of the main methods of maximizing reservoir contact is through targeting two reservoir layers in one horizontal section. To enable these specific targets, the implementation of innovative geosteering solutions has a major role in securing the success of the project. Early warning and deep horizon mapping is critical, therefore we demonstrate the innovation of the placement for the Ultra-deep azimuthal resistivity (UDAR) logging while drilling (LWD) transmitter close to the bit.

The subject well targets two carbonate reservoirs layers by drilling a single eight and half inch, horizontal section. The drilled footage along each formation was approximately 4000 ft of lateral length with a total length of 8000 ft measured depth. Consequently, a six- and three-quarter inch OD UDAR tool has been combined with a triple combo bottom hole assembly, in order to enhance the well placement, with the aim of simultaneous geosteering and GeoMapping using advanced 1D inversion processing in real-time. In geosteering operations early decision making allows for more gentle corrections to be made, limiting tortuosity, critical in very long wells. The latest technology, allows deployment of a UDAR transmitter close to the bit in this study ~25 ft. Providing both UDAR inversions and actual Shallow Phase / Attenuation Resistivity measurements.

The Well encountered multiple geological and drilling challenges during the real time drilling operations. Despite the evident complexities in density images, which indicated the undulation of the formation, the 1D UDAR Inversions clearly identified the stratigraphic position of the well allowing for optimal well placement decisions to be made early due to the proximity of the UDAR transmitter to the bit. Additionally, the 1D inversions allowed early identification of a conductive zone below the trajectory at the heel as well as a conductive zone above the well trajectory towards the toe. This was interpreted as water coning / slumping, vividly displayed in the UDAR azimuthal resistivity image, 1D Inversion and 3D inversion, the direction of the low conductive zone was coming from the left-top side of the trajectory, indicating alignment with the nearest offset well.

The 1D/3D inversion data provided has increased confidence for the completion team to finalize blanking sections and pump design in a timely manner to isolate the zone at risk from water breakthrough. This successful run with regards to both operations and safety has set a benchmark for future development for saving operation time and cost.
Efficient Solutions to Reinforce Weak Soil Strata
Authors: Nuthanapati Sreekanth , Subramanian T. S. , Al Awadhi Ibrahim
Published: October 2023

Site selection for Industrial / Oil & Gas plants is a complex process requiring careful consideration of numerous factors to render it technologically and economically viable. Any error committed during selection of plot will have short- and long-term ramifications in terms of cost, safety, operability etc. This paper presents the issues faced in development of pre-finalized project plots and improvements that are carried out in most effective and economical way for safe functioning of the plant.

Geotechnical investigations were conducted to obtain soil characteristics at different depths of predefined bore hole locations at each of the project plot. Also ground water levels were measured at each of the bore hole location to establish the ground water level to identify the measures to be considered during design and construction.

In some project plots / unit plot areas, liquefaction risks were anticipated due to presence of loose silty sand layers in the event of earthquake. This may result in differential settlement of structures and equipment supported and the same will affect the operation and long-term integrity of that unit / plant. In some other unit plots, allowable bearing pressure at proposed founding level is not adequate to support the heavy loads from equipment.

Removal of these silty sand layers at varying depths (5 to 7.0m) and replacing with compacted engineering fill is one of the options, however not pursued due to time and cost. Project / unit plots were finalized based on soil properties, type of structures and anticipated loads etc., and cost benefit analysis was performed for different geotechnical solutions to identify optimal soil reinforcement solution.

Due to presence of weak soil in large storage areas with liquefaction potential, soil improvement using ‘vibro-replacement’ technique was finalized to prevent excessive / differential settlement and to improve allowable bearing pressure.

State-of-the-art soil stabilization technique using geo-synthetics to increase the stiffness of weak soil was employed in other project / unit areas intended to support moderately loaded facilities. Removal of loose topsoil and replacement by ‘Engineering Fill’ supplemented with adequate compaction was deemed sufficient in certain areas bearing lightly loaded facilities.

By tailoring different geotechnical solutions that suits the unit / plot soil conditions, expensive soil improvements & large/raft foundation solutions were eliminated. As a result, foundation footprint and concrete quantities were optimized which resulted in substantial savings in construction cost and improvement in project schedule due to elimination of laborious activities.
Ultra ERD Well Completions: Extending the Limits to Drive Profitability
Authors: Panga M. K. , Al Hammadi F. , Marsh J. D. , Mohamed A. , Pace D. , Wills J.
Published: October 2023

This paper discusses the new technologies and completion methods implemented to complete ultra-ERD wells in a giant carbonate reservoir with total depth reaching fifty thousand feet. The wells are drilled from an offshore island and completed with a compartmentalized limited entry liner in the reservoir section. The ability to reach reservoir targets farther away from the island has brought significant cost benefits by deferring the need for a new island to develop the reservoir.

With lateral section length exceeding thirty-five thousand feet, several initiatives were taken to be able to deploy the liner to bottom. A comprehensive risk analysis showed that injection and production from neighboring wells resulted in a highly uneven reservoir pressure along the lateral which increased the differential sticking risk while running the liner. To mitigate the risk, neighboring wells were shut-in ahead of time and pressure measurements were taken during the drilling phase to optimize the mud density and reduce the overbalance during liner run. The second challenge was to minimize friction to be able to slack-off the liner without helically buckling or losing hook load prematurely. To achieve low friction factor, non-aqueous mud (NAF) was used, and hole cleaning practices were implemented during drilling phase to remove cuttings and debris from the lateral section. As a contingency measure to address unexpected high friction factors, a casing swivel was also included in the liner to enable rotation and reduce friction load.
Integrated Drilling Services Model Driving Cost Optimization and Operation Efficiency
Authors: Al Hadabi Faisal , Al Rashdi Zakiya , Al Bulushi Mohamed
Published: October 2023

An outcome-based contract is an agreement between a client and a contractor in which the contractor is contracted to deliver business results rather than providing services without being accountable for the deliverable. Such business results can be, for example, completed wells which meet pre-agreed acceptance criteria. The IPM approach is a typical example of an Outcome Based Contract. In such contracts there are minimum client/ contractor interfaces, and the contractor has a vested interest in optimizing performance as payment is linked to pre-defined acceptance criteria for the deliverable; these criteria, such as, completed well, are collated in checklists. Continuous improvement, drilling efficiency, and consistency are critical components in an integrated project for achieving drilling performance and ensuring project profitability, whereas the customer establishes a goal of expediting well deliveries in a safe and efficient manner by deploying new technologies and advanced engineering practices, which results in drilling efficiency optimization (Abdelaal, K. et al. 2022).

As an example of the outcome-based approach is the development of Marmul Phase III Polymer Project under an IPM Model. The strategic objective is to deliver 800+ wells safely, on time and meeting PDO specifications in Marmul; Greater Saqar and Standardize Satellite Field Development (SSFD) fields. The main value drivers are to deliver wells safely, reduce well cost– Cost Target, secure production promise to shareholders – phasing/timings and quality. The IPM commenced in October 2022 where the project target in 2022 was met and a new Company Best Composite Time (BCT) at 4 days is achieved vs. conventional drilling. The project has strong In-Country Value (ICV) component by utilizing indigenous service providers and achieving the deployment of a 90% local workforce.
Renewables for Subsea Power – Transformational Low Carbon Subsea Power Project
Authors: Slorach P. , Crossland I. , Silva A. , Money N.
Published: October 2023

Momentum is building within the global offshore oil and gas industry to reduce carbon emissions in line with net zero targets and industry agreements around decarbonization such as the North Sea Transition Deal in the UK. As part of this drive to reduce emissions and to decrease reliance on traditional sources of power, integration of renewables within offshore operations is increasingly being seen as a viable solution.

In order to encourage wider adoption of renewables within these operations, successful projects must be demonstrated to show the viability of renewables in this environment, as well as the capability of overcoming the intermittency challenges associated with renewables.

The Renewables for Subsea Power (RSP) project, launched in 2020, is said to be a first-of-a-kind commercial scale demonstrator project which provides a fully integrated offshore power and over-the-horizon communications solution through the integration of a wave energy device (Mocean Energy) and a subsea battery energy storage system (Verlume). The project demonstrates power export to the subsea energy management system, powering both subsea controls equipment (Baker Hughes) and underwater vehicles (Transmark Subsea) through a remote wireless communication link to the subsea equipment.

In this paper, the focus will be on the development and progress within the RSP project since the previous paper SPE-210910-MS (Crossland et al., 2022). Discussion will include observations from Phase 2 onshore commissioning, as well as the offshore demonstration which began in February 2023 in the UK North Sea and has been operational over a four-month period.

Beyond innovation in the developed hardware, the project provides a case study of a wider industry collaborative approach, addressing the need to explore ways of achieving a net zero future and work towards enhanced energy security, including for offshore operations. The project is relevant to numerous remote power provision applications across the ever-growing Blue Economy.
Innovative Solution to Minimize Oil-Based Mud Formation Damage in Jurassic Depleted Reservoirs
Authors: Anood Al-Dhafiri , Yousef Al-Otaibi , Taha Bloushi , Majdi Al-Mutawa , Moudi Al-Ajmi , Mamoun Abdelbagi , Martinez Sebastian Sierra , Mohammed Abdel-Basset
Published: October 2023

This document describes how the use of filter cake breaking fluid pills in non-cemented completions across North Kuwait Jurassic reservoirs increased the well's likelihood to be stimulated and produced. It describes the process to test this innovative solution before a well trial, the wells and environment in which they have been used, and their impact in the well's ability to communicate the borehole with the reservoir. The initial step was to identify which type of mud breaking pills could be used and available in the industry and use the current OBM dispersant pills as found in cement job spacers to enhance cement-reservoir contact. A target well screening was done to wells with possible non-cemented reservoir completions. The detailed operational procedure was then designed to consider the breaker volumes, the composition of the interface's spacer high viscosity pill, and the weight of the displacement fluid to account for the hydrostatic loss in the solids-free breaker volume into each of the wells’ geometries. Finally, these wells were stimulated and tested to identify if the new approach had enabled the wells to be productive and minimize the OBM's damage.

The solution has been applied in three barefoot and one multi-stage completion wells. The first well's 380 ft 3-7/8" carbonate reservoir took 18 days to drill using 12.1 ppg OBM. Several calibration trips were done and on the final trip the 30 bbl mud breaking pill was displaced to replace the OBM within the open hole section. Post injectivity tests and an acid treatment, the well's initial production was 3 times the field average with a stabilization above field average gas production. In the second well, the 460 ft 3-7/8" section took 7 days to drill using 11.6 ppg OBM. This fluid was left in the hole to perform the acid treatment without achieving any injectivity. The entire reservoir section was then displaced with the mud breaking solution, for which injectivity and successful acid treatment and N2 activation achieved a final production rate comparable to the offset wells. In the third well, the 684 ft 3-7/8" reservoir took 3 days to drill with a 11.5 ppg OBM, which was displaced with the mud breaking pill using the drilling BHA before pulling it out of the hole. The well achieved immediate injectivity and higher than field average production. The fourth well was the first successful pilot in a multi-stage completion well, in which the OBM weight was initially lowered from 12 to 8.8 ppg, and then displaced by the breaker fluid prior to set the hanger and activate the packers.

The use of filter cake breaking pills in barefoot wells achieved the purpose of facilitating the communication between the wellbore and the reservoir, requiring lower stimulation pressures, and minimizing formation damages that positively impacted the wells’ productivity.
Estimating Continuous Production Well Flow Rates Using Ensemble Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Martinez V.
Published: October 2023

This study proposes a novel approach that combines machine learning algorithms with deep learning algorithms to improve the performance of predictive models while estimating the continuous well production flow rate using daily operational conditions. This approach is a hybrid or stacked model where predictions of several base models are combined using bagging as ensemble method. The models are trained and evaluated using dataset of operational data, including well pressure, temperature, water cut, water-oil ratio, etc., collected over a period of several years. Results demonstrate that the ensemble machine learning approach achieves high accuracy. The findings suggest that the proposed approach can provide a reliable and efficient solution for estimating well production flow rates in the oil and gas industry when well flow rate measurements are not performed continuously.
Curing Packer Leak Riglessly Using Bismuth Alloy: Results of the Field Pilot
Authors: Ahmad Bilal , Yugay Andrey , Akhtar Mohamed Masud , Hijjawi Mohammad Rajai Baker , Vorozhikhin Sergei , Almuharrami Abdulla , Nadeem Amir , Varshney Mayank , Arif Ehsan , Al Harmoodi Eisa
Published: October 2023

Wells with positive pressure at surface must comply with double barrier policy. Packer is part of primary barrier envelope, its failure causes well non-compliance to the policy, leaving it with single barrier only. Standard practice is to perform a rig intervention to replace the packer. This paper describes the outcome of the 2nd phase (5 wells) field testing of the new technology available on the market that is designed to cure packer leak riglessly. Packer is the element of the primary barrier envelope that seals off the annulus between the tubing and the casing ("A" annulus).

The new technology consists of dropping of bismuth alloy beads from the wellhead into the tubing casing annulus aimed to descending by gravity and settling on top of the leaking packer. Once beads were in place in the annulus "A", a thermite heater was run inside the tubing on electric line and placed on depth across the beads. Upon activation the thermite heater produced an exothermic reaction melting the beads resulting in molten bismuth alloy but keeping the tubing integral. As the alloys cool and solidify, they expand to provide a seamless gas tight seal.

Pilot project was divided into two phases. The 1st phase of the pilot (3 wells) completed in 2021 (Yugay et al, 2022). The 2nd phase (5 wells) execution completed in Mar-2023. The wells are under monitoring for evaluation at the time of Abstract submission, 2 wells are showing success. Already some interesting findings and lessons learned have been obtained, that would add value for those who might think of implementing the same in their fields. Step by step execution process including verification and validation will guide you through the whole exercise and will help to design the program in a most effective and efficient way.

Positive business impact of this technology consists not only from the direct cost savings due to cancelled rig intervention (around USD2.5MM plus additional "hidden" costs associated with the well and location preparation for the rig entry), but also saved rig slot that can be utilized for the acceleration of other projects. Avoidance of the several months of the deferred production also makes this technology very attractive.
Utilizing Near-Field Hydrophones for Near-Surface Imaging Over Shallow Salt Structure Offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Babkina S. , Khakimov O. , Anthoine S. , Al Kaabi A. , Waqas M. , Aljaberi F. , Cambois G. , Mahgoub M.
Published: October 2023

The subsurface of offshore Abu Dhabi is characterized by shallow waters followed by a complex near-surface and shallow salt diapirs with associated faulting. We focus on the objective of imaging the near-surface above a salt structure in order to reduce drilling hazards and to assess if the faults reach the surface. Before acquiring a new high-resolution seismic site survey, an analysis of existing data focused on the near-field hydrophones (NFHs) from a recent ocean-bottom node (OBN) survey.

Legacy data, which included an old marine streamer survey and a recent OBN survey, were not designed to image the near-surface and could not be used for shallow imaging. NFH data were acquired as part of the OBN survey, chiefly to QC the performance of the airgun source arrays. These data included near-surface reflections, and since the source grid for the OBN survey was dense enough (25 × 50 m), we considered their use for a high-resolution 3D image of the near-surface. One challenge was strong near-field source energy that overwhelmed the recorded seismic signals.

We focus on a 100 km2 area located in the overlap zone of two zippers. Shot coverage overlap, combined with off-end shooting geometry, meant that the area was covered four times by the source carpet, which helped improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Aggressive noise attenuation was still required to attenuate the high-energy near-field source direct arrival in the active NFHs, which could only be used for the very shallow imaging. For the deeper image, we relied on the passive NFH recordings. Since NFHs are zero-offset (the hydrophones are located just above the guns), the velocity field had to be built using available wells. In the end, we obtained a high-resolution 3D image that met our objectives and helped confirm that the faults were not reaching the surface. This allowed us to forego the planned high-resolution site survey. Since the overlapping sources were shot four months apart, we also assessed the repeatability of these NFH surveys.

The resulting 3D high-resolution images were better than those from 2D high-resolution site surveys and at a fraction of the cost since no new acquisition was needed.
Leveraging Natural Language Processing for Benchmarking and Enhancing Maintenance and Reliability in the Energy Industry
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad , Rahnama Ramin , Stewart Kevin
Published: October 2023

Objectives/Scope

Wood aims to introduce a novel approach for rapidly and effectively benchmarking maintenance and reliability in the upstream and midstream oil and gas sectors. The proposed method will provide valuable insights at both macro (overall build) and micro (individual maintenance items) levels, with the goal of improving asset performance management and setting new industry standards. This approach promotes collaboration among industry peers and sharing of best practices, driving overall industry progress.

Methods, Procedures, Process

Our approach uses advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms to match short text descriptions from multiple maintenance builds, utilizing techniques ranging from Jaccard similarity to state-of-the-art language model embeddings. In-house developed denoising algorithms remove unnecessary information to clarify the text, addressing potential issues of data quality and consistency. This process allows for the identification of similar tasks, which then serve as key columns to match the entire build, facilitating effective benchmarking and enabling more accurate comparisons.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

The proposed method enables swift benchmarking among maintenance builds and allows for frequent comparison at both micro and macro levels. This overcomes the limitations of traditional manual matching processes, which are time-consuming, costly, and error prone. By determining the optimal frequency of maintenance intervention to minimize cost and carbon footprint while maximizing reliability, our approach highlights the power of data- driven decisions to enhance asset reliability and streamline maintenance processes. The method fosters a culture of collaboration among industry peers, promoting the sharing of best practices and driving overall industry progress. Moreover, it has been shown to provide valuable insights that can be leveraged for continuous improvement and to address common challenges in asset performance management and maintenance practices.

Novel/Additive Information

In contrast to traditional methods that rely on Failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA) tables, subjective understanding, or manual matching, our approach revolutionizes benchmarking using natural language processing and data-driven methodologies. This ground-breaking contribution takes away manual time and expense, improving efficiency and ensuring that the changes implemented are data-backed. These leads to continuous improvement in maintenance and reliability practices within the energy industry, ultimately enhancing asset performance management and reliability standards.
A Novel Approach to Improve Whipstock Setting and Milling Operations with Existing Downhole Measurement and Logging Technology in an Offshore Field, Norway
Authors: Elkasaby Sayed , Parker Tim , Munoz David , Slettebo Endre
Published: October 2023

A unique downhole measurement and logging configuration combined with a single-trip whipstock assembly was designed to significantly reduce rig time by eliminating a wireline run. The sensors that were incorporated into the whipstock assembly were configured to detect casing collars in real time to ensure the precise setting depth and orientation of the whipstock. Once the whipstock was set, downhole measurements of torque, weight, bending moment, and vibration facilitated the efficient window-milling operation without exceeding the mechanical limits of the system. Additionally, the assembly was configured to operate across a wide range of mud weights and flow rates to help manage different operational requirements.

The first objective was to locate the casing joints and centralizers in real time to ensure an optimum setting depth, which would facilitate a smooth window-milling operation. The identification of casing collars and centralizers was achieved by applying a modified calibration file to the density sensor, allowing it to identify casing collars due the localized steel mass increase. Once the setting depth was identified, the whipstock orientation was set with conventional means followed by an efficient milling operation guided by downhole measurements, which helped to optimize the operation and aid a quality window exit.

Due to the multiple operational objectives to be achieved in one run, and the requirement to operate in different mud systems and flow ranges, a detailed workflow plan with risk assessment was prepared by all parties and executed successfully. The unique downhole assembly successfully logged the casing joints and identified a discrepancy with the casing tally. As a result of this real-time information, the setting depth was changed to avoid casing collars that could have negatively impacted the efficiency of the milling operation. After the whipstock was set, the casing was displaced from brine to oil-based mud, followed by a smooth window-milling operation where the use of downhole weight, torque, bending moment, and 3-axis drillstring vibration measurements allowed the drilling parameters to be constantly optimized without compromising the integrity of the downhole tools. The positive-pulse telemetry system that was configured for a wide range of downhole flow and mud-weight conditions performed flawlessly across the complex operation with almost 100% data detection efficiency. The benchmark of window quality was defined on the following run where a heavily stabilized assembly was run over the window without any indications of the bottomhole assembly hanging up or any mechanical engagement.