bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Childhood Teacher Competencies: Perspectives of Educational Leaders of Public and Private Sector in Karachi
Authors: Humera Naz  , Shelina Bhamani
Published: August 2021

In Pakistan, various teacher development and professional competency model exist and have been presented. However, there is a lack of a competency model for teachers of early childhood care and education (ECCE). This research study was an attempt in initiating a formal discourse regarding how school leaders perceive ECCE teacher competency (TC). The study approached an exploratory qualitative study with the intent to understand the perspective of educational leaders from the public and private sector pertinent to ECCE-TC. Four school leaders, two from each sector respectively were approached to share their perceptions regarding the same. The researchers used an in-depth qualitative interview with a help semi-structured interview topic guide. The findings reveal that ECCE is a specialized field and that there is a need for ample work to be done to recognize this field. The data also revealed that there are discrepancies  concerning recruitment criteria, teacher appraisal and credits for continuous professional development. More so, there is a need for national level agenda to address the gaps of competency and licensing framework. We present a policy recommendation as closure of this paper for Pakistan to have a task force on ECCE with the relevant field experts who could contribute with their pragmatic experience and align Pakistan ECCE landscape with global standards
Christoph Hartknochs preußisches Identitätskonzept im Kontext der zeitgenössischen Immigrationsproblematik
Authors: Mikołajewska Anna
Published: August 2021

Das preußische Selbstbewusstsein ist kein der Forschung unbekanntes Thema. Vornehmlich den Publikationen von Janusz Małłek und Axel E. Walter lässt sich ein Bild der beiden Teile Preußens1 entnehmen, die nach der Reformation und noch mehr nach
der Lubliner Union von 1569 auseinander drifteten und trotzdem das Gefühl bewahrten, eine Einheit zu bilden.
Will Kymlicka’s Idea of Multicultural Citizenship Rights and the Nigeria Federation
Authors: Ikeke Mark Omorovie
Published: August 2021

Will Kymlicka is a Canadian political philosopher using his Federal Canadian society as a basis argued for the recognition of minority rights, in what he calls multicultural citizenship. His idea is that the claims to self-determination or autonomy, protection of a distinct cultural language and special representation need to be accommodated. National minorities should not be forced to integrate as this can lead to violence. Without recognizing the group rights of ethnicities, they will be culturally disadvantaged. Using Kymlicka’s idea in an analytical manner, this paper applies his theory to the Nigerian federation. Despite many years of operating so-called federalism, the system is be-devilled by ethnic agitations, violent militancy, youth restiveness, and many other social ills. The paper theorizes that failure to operate a true federal structure that recognizes and fully accommodates minority rights is a key problem responsible for these social ills. Nigeria is a weak and troubled federation where the rights of national minorities are often neglected, suppressed and denied. When it comes to language, the languages of the three dominant groups in terms of population are privileged over others. Representations in both state and federal establishments are often in favour of dominant ethnic groups. The cries for autonomy and restructuring of the federation are often not heeded. The paper argues that accommodating the rights of minorities can help them integrate and foster a sense of equality in a true federation. It also argues that beyond restructuring, ethical leadership is needed to move the federation forward. The paper finds and concludes that some ideas of Kymlicka can help in creating a peaceful and unified federal Nigeria
Optimization of the Efficiency of a Michell–Banki Turbine Through the Variation of Its Geometrical Parameters Using a PSO Algorith
Authors: Perez-Rodriguez A. J. , Sierra-Del Rio J. , Grisales-Noreña L. F. , Galvis S.
Published: August 2021

Small-scale hydropower generation can satisfy the needs of communities located near natural sources of flowing water. The operating conditions of a Michell–Banki Turbine (MBT) are relatively easier to meet than those of other types of turbine, making it useful in places where other devices are not suitable. Moreover, MBT efficiency is almost invariable with respect to flow rate conditions. Nevertheless, such efficiency commonly ranges between 70% and 85%, which is lower than that of other water turbines like Turgo, Pelton, or Francis turbine. The objective of this work is to determine the maximum theoretical efficiency of an MBT and its associated geometrical parameters by implementing Particle Swarm Optimization. The results show a higher effectiveness of the mathematical formulation compared with other cases from literature and show the performance of the optimization method proposed in this study in terms of solution and processing time. Finally, a maximum MBT efficiency of 93.3% was achieved
Fault Protection Considerations for MVDC Shipboard Power Systems Operating with Pulsed-Power Loads
Authors: Djibo Marounfa ` , Moses Paul , Flory Ike
Published: August 2021

Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) power distribution architectures are of immense interest for various shipboard power applications due to their advantages over classical MVAC distribution systems with respect to power quality, power density, and efficiency. However, MVDC are far away from maturity when compared to MVAC with respect to fault detection and isolation. Currently, there are no standards available for applying MVDC protection systems in shipboard applications. Furthermore, due to the absence of zero crossings in DC waveforms and unique transient fault signatures, it is challenging to design effective protection system schemes to isolate faults via conventional protection systems. This paper investigates and analyses various types of shipboard MVDC dynamic fault behaviours and signatures under different DC bus disturbances such as: bus to ground, bus to bus to ground, and impact of Pulsed-Power Load (PPL) with and without faults on a shipboard MVDC distribution system. Furthermore, a communication-based fault detection and isolation system controller that improves upon a directional ac overcurrent relay protection system is proposed offering additional protection discrimination between faults and PPLs in MVDC systems. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed protection controller, different bus current disturbances are simulated within a time-domain electromagnetic transient simulation of a shipboard power system including a PPL system operating with different ramp rate profiles, pulse widths, peak powers, and fault locations
Evaluating Inclusive Campus Environment Design Criteria Using CFPR and FANP Methodologies
Authors: Nalbant Kemal Gökhan , Özdemi̇r Şahi̇ka , Özdemi̇r Yavuz
Published: August 2021

University campuses bring together individuals from different socio-cultural backgrounds. At the same time, university campuses contribute to the personal and intellectual development of individuals and serve as a socialization area. Campuses create vitality with their social, cultural, economic, and spatial effects. In this paper, we study for evaluating inclusive campus environment design criteria using the Fuzzy Analytical Network Process (FANP) and Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relations (CFPR) techniques, which are two Multi- Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. Seven Inclusive Campus Environment Design Criteria are “Land Use Organization”, “Compactness”, “Connectivity”, “Configuration”, “Living campus”, “Greens” and “Context”. The major contribution of our study is to prioritize inclusive campus environment design criteria by using numerical methods from the decision maker's perspective. According to the authors’ knowledge, this will be the first interdisciplinary study to use MCDM methods for evaluating inclusive campus environment design criteria. Additionally, the results of both methodologies are compared
On a Strategy of Mobile Networks Synthesis
Authors: Lyandres Vladimir
Published: August 2021

Effective design of mobile communication network includes optimization of two bounded together processes: the network base stations placement and the channel assignment. In real environments the well-known cellular concept fails due to not uniformly spaced traffic and not isotropic wave propagation. We find a rather universal method for synthesis of a close to optimal network structure. The proposed design approach is based on the idea of adaptive vector quantization for a map with random traffic. As a result, the service zone of the network becomes discrete and is being transformed to a map with not equal cells and approximately equal number of requests in every one. This fact allows to apply the simplest periodic reuse pattern. The algorithm finds a point with minimal average Euclidean distance from all its requests. This point defines optimal placement of the corresponding base station. The approach guarantees maximum coverage
Fuzzy Cloud Evaluation of Service Quality Based on DP-FastText
Authors: Ye Huanzhuo , Li Yuan
Published: August 2021

This study proposes a service quality evaluation model framework which integrates automatic data acquisition, intelligent data processing and real-time data analysis with online comment data as data sources by introducing natural language processing technology based on management methods to break the traditional idea of over-reliance on human resources for service quality evaluation. The framework is mainly divided into text data preparation, fine-grained sentiment analysis and fuzzy cloud evaluation models. Data preparation module is responsible for preparing the initial data, and the fine-grained sentiment analysis module is responsible for pre-training a fine-grained sentiment classification model. The fuzzy cloud evaluation module uses the data obtained from the first two modules to evaluate service quality. By applying the model into catering industry, the feasibility of the model is proved and individuality, efficiency, dynamicity and intelligence of the model give it more advantage in the practice of service quality evaluation
Impact of Retail Strategy, Location and Type of Business on Sales: A Case Study of Peace & Love Festival Borlänge
Authors: Sobia Shujaat A Sobia Shujaat , Iram Tahir Dr. Iram Tahir , Owais Tahir Owais Tahir
Published: August 2021

Abstract

 

Purpose - This study primarily examines how local retail businesses strategically take advantage of an event like the Peace and Love Festival. The financial effects of the event on these businesses were studied with a focus on whether sales increase or decrease during the Festival. The influence of three important factors was examined; business strategy, location of business and type of business on local businesses’ sales during festivals. The study assessed the impact of specific location and the effect of these festivals on different types of businesses. It uncovers the influence of such events on businesses, particularly on their sales. Overall, such festivals have positive financial effects on all local business, except a few, which are further explored in the study.
A remarkable foraminiferal assemblage from the Quaternary of northeast Greenland
Authors: Hanssen R. W. Feyling
Published: August 2021

A fossil foraminiferal assemblage with abundant lslandiella inflata (Gudina) from the Ymer Formation in northeastemmost Greenland is described and compared with similar occurrences in Siberia and in Baffin Island. Some of these occurrences seem to be of Holsteinian (Yarmouthian) age.
Development of the Fe-Ti-oxides in the Koster dyke swarm during amphibolite facies metamorphism
Authors: Jensen Aage
Published: August 2021

The 1421 Ma old Koster dyke swarrn is part of the late Proterozoic Kattsund-Koster dyke swann running from Bohus Lan in Sweden into Oslofjord in Norway. On the basis of the degree of amphibolite facies deformation and recrystallisation, Hageskov (1984) has divided the dyke swann into three sectors, where sector I is the southemmost part of the dyke swann consisting of undefonned tholeiitic dolerites, sector III dykes are transformed to amphibolites, and sector II is transitional.
From a number of miroscopically investigated dykes 5 dykes from sector I, 5 dykes from sector II and 4 dykes from sector III have been selected for electron microprobe analyses of the Fe-Ti-oxides.
No significant differences could be found between the titanomagnetite groundmass in sector I and sector II, but in sector III the titanomagnetite groundmass is completely altered to turbid titanite.
Some of the dykes in sector II have an ilmenite composition similar to the sector I dykes, but other dykes from sector II have clearly lost Fe203 and are correspondingly richer in Ti; in sector III the ilmenite no longer contains Fe203•
Based on the composition of coexisting ilmenite and titanomagnetite, temperature and f02 have been deterrnined for sector I and sector II dykes, but they cannot be deterrnined for sector III dykes as no titanomagnetite is left here.
The dykes of sector I give temperatures between 1100° and 1280°, and f02 between 10-10 and 10-•. The least altered dykes of sector II give similar values of temperature and f02 as sector I dykes, whereas the more altered dykes of sector II show considerably lower values of temperature and f02• These values, however, are not meaningful as they neither indicate temperature and f02 of interoxide reequilibration nor temperature and f02 of metamorphism; they are the result of ilmenite loosing Fe203 during meta­morphism.
New occurrences of undersaturated syenites from the southern Blosseville Coast, East Greenland
Authors: Brooks C. K.
Published: August 2021

This note reports hitherto undescribed nepheline-sodalite syenites from I. C. Jacobsen Fjord and Ryberg Fjord. Numerous syenite erratics have been encountered at I. C. Jacobsen Fjord. They are believed to come from a single intrusion in the immediate neighbourhood which has not yet been located. They consist Iargely of perthite with nepheline, sodalite, salitic pyroxene, hastingsitic amphibole, sphene and Fe-Ti oxide. They resemble the pulaskites of the Kangerdlugssuaq intrusion.
On the side of the Sorgenfri Gletscher at the head of Ryberg Fjord an extensive area of peralkaline syenite has been found. It consists of perthite, nepheline, sodalite, aegirine, arfvedsonite and very Fe-rich biotite. It is cut by tholeiitic dykes of a late generation of the coastal dyke swarm.
These syenites bridge a gap between previously known examples and suggest that the magma type was much commoner than thought originally.
Analysis of demographic, social and economic impacts of proximal femur fracture's surgical treatment for geriatric patients in Russia
Authors: Seryapina Yu. V. , Fedyaev D. V. , Musina N. Z.
Published: August 2021

Objective. Evaluation of influence on mortality, life expectancy and related costs in the Russian Federation of methodical changes in the organizing surgical treatment of proximal femur fracture (PFF).

Material and methods. The mathematical modeling methods were applied for evaluation of impacts, related to methodical changes in the organizing surgical treatment of PFF, including the calculation of life expectancy. It is assumed, that 95% of all patients over 60 years old with PFF would receive a surgical treatment. Calculations were perform in 3 stages: calculation of death causes, related to PFF, calculation of life expectancy change in population and calculation of direct and indirect medical and non-medical costs and social assistance for patients with PFF.

Results. Mortality rate from PFF in model is decreased by 51%, which is equal to 55 648 saved lives. Life expectancy indicator increases by 0.3 annually during the transition to new methods of surgical treatment for the patients with PFF. Number of disabled patients is decreasing by 74 179 people annually. Taking into account all the effects, revealed in the modeling, the financial savings are estimated at 12.3 billion rubles or 32% of current expenditures from all funding sources on treatment and social assistance of patients with PFF.

Conclusion. Implementation of this new approach to surgical treatment of patients over 60 years old with PFF shows a positive influence on dynamic of demographical indicators of population in general. Despite changes in structure of expenses and increase direct medical costs, new approach in surgical care will lead to a major cost reduction as well as significant improvement of treatment results for geriatric patients with PFF.
Nursing protocol: fall prevention in elderly and senile patients
Authors: Tkacheva O. N. , Runikhina N. K. , Sharashkina N. V. , Lesina E. I. , Kotovskaya Yu. V.
Published: August 2021

The prevalence of in-hospital falls varies depending on medical institution profile and department. According to various sources, the incidence of falls in intensive care units (ICU) is 2.3-7 falls per 1000 bed-days (a day spent by a person in the hospital). Assessment of fall risk in elderly patients shows that especially in case of deteriorating health, after transfer to another department, and when the fall has already happened, according to the protocol nurses will allow quickly identification of the problem and provide timely correction.
Ways of polypharmacy optimization in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shyman A. S. , Balashova A. V. , Glinkina I. V.
Published: August 2021

Современные достижения фармакотерапии — залог компенсации и сдерживания прогрессирования многих заболеваний. Основной задачей современной медицины является увеличение продолжительности качественной жизни пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями.
Vascular stiffness evaluation in elderly patients with hypertension in conjunction with geriatric syndromes
Authors: Luzina A. V. , Trifonov M. I. , Tkacheva O. N. , Runikhina N. K. , Kotovskaya Yu. V.
Published: August 2021

Цель: изучить параметр жесткости артериальной стенки (сердечно-лодыжечный сосудистый индекс (СЛСИ)) у пациентов 60 лет и старше с артериальной гипертонией (АГ) во взаимосвязи с синдромом старческой астении (ССА) и другими гериатрическими синдромами.
The connection between changes in the cutaneous microcirculation reactivity and biological age in patients with diabetes mellitus. Pilot study
Authors: Logina V. E. , Glazkova P. A. , Kulikov D. A. , Glazkov A. A. , Kozlova K. A. , Rogatkin D. A.
Published: August 2021

Цель: оценить корреляцию реактивности микроциркуляторного звена кровообращения с биологическим и хронологическим возрастом.
Elderly and seniors awareness about geriatric care in the Arkhangelsk region
Authors: Fedorova M. S. , Novikova I. A.
Published: August 2021

Цель: определить степень информированности лиц пожилого и старческого возраста об оказании гериатрической помощи в Архангельской области.
Regioselective N-alkylation of the 1H-indazole scaffold; ring substituent and N-alkylating reagent effects on regioisomeric distribution
Authors: Alam Ryan M , Keating John J
Published: August 2021

The indazole scaffold represents a promising pharmacophore, commonly incorporated in a variety of therapeutic drugs. Although indazole-containing drugs are frequently marketed as the corresponding N-alkyl 1H- or 2H-indazole derivative, the efficient synthesis and isolation of the desired N-1 or N-2 alkylindazole regioisomer can often be challenging and adversely affect product yield. Thus, as part of a broader study focusing on the synthesis of bioactive indazole derivatives, we aimed to develop a regioselective protocol for the synthesis of N-1 alkylindazoles. Initial screening of various conditions revealed that the combination of sodium hydride (NaH) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (in the presence of an alkyl bromide), represented a promising system for N-1 selective indazole alkylation. For example, among fourteen C-3 substituted indazoles examined, we observed > 99% N-1 regioselectivity for 3-carboxymethyl, 3-tert-butyl, 3-COMe, and 3-carboxamide indazoles. Further extension of this optimized (NaH in THF) protocol to various C-3, -4, -5, -6, and -7 substituted indazoles has highlighted the impact of steric and electronic effects on N-1/N-2 regioisomeric distribution. For example, employing C-7 NO2 or CO2Me substituted indazoles conferred excellent N-2 regioselectivity (≥ 96%). Importantly, we show that this optimized N-alkylation procedure tolerates a wide structural variety of alkylating reagents, including primary alkyl halide and secondary alkyl tosylate electrophiles, while maintaining a high degree of N-1 regioselectivity.
Pesticides as endocrine distruptors of the reproductive system
(literature review and own research)
Authors: Shepelska Ninel , Prodanchuk Mykola , Kolianchuk Yana
Published: August 2021

Currently, one of the main threats to human health is undoubtedly endocrine disruptors (ED), since they directly disrupt the processes of homeostasis maintenance, controlled by the endocrine system, the purpose of which is to maintain normal functions and development in a constantly changing environment. Pesticides can disrupt the physiological functioning of many endocrine axes, including the endocrine mechanisms that ensure reproductive health. It should be noted that research aimed at preventing chemically induced reproductive disorders in the human population is one of the central areas of preventive medicine, both in terms of their importance and the complexity of the tasks being solved.
Analysis and generalization of the results of our own long-term studies have shown that the selective, and, therefore, the most dangerous toxicity of pesticides for the reproductive system is determined by endocrine-mediated mechanisms of etiopathogenesis. The low level of doses inducing pathological changes in reproductive function in our studies fully confirms one of the universal signs inherent in endocrine-distruptive compounds. The above examples demonstrate a wide range of possible endocrine-mediated mechanisms of reproductive toxicity of pesticides - endocrine disruptors. However, it is very important to note that low doses may be more effective in changing some endpoints compared to high (toxic) doses.
Currently, several mechanisms have been identified and studied that demonstrate how hormones and ED induce non-monotonic reactions in animal cells, tissues and organs. The reproductive system, the functioning of which is ensured by a fine balancing of the action of androgens and estrogens, is one of the systems that presents a unique opportunity for modeling a non-monotonic dose dependence.
All of the above indicates the extreme danger of the impact of hormonally active agents on the reproductive health of a person and his offspring. At the same time, the threat of endocrine-mediated disorders for subsequent generations can also be realized through the induction of mechanisms of development of epigenetic transgenerational effects.
Taking into account the results of studies of the mechanisms of the ED destructive action, as well as their ability to induce non-monotonic dose dependence at an extremely low dose level, it should be admitted that, apparently, there is a need to revise the paradigm of methodological approaches to the regulation of pesticides with endocrine-disruptive properties.
Key words: pesticides, endocrine disruptors, reproductive system
CHANGES IN LIPID PEROXIDATION IN THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF MALE RATS DUE TO THE TRANSPLACENTAL ACTION OF CHEMICAL ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS
Authors: Reznikov Alexander , Lymareva Аnna
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In everyday life, people come into contact with chemical products that have hormone-like properties, for example, antiandrogenic (dibutyl phthalate, DBP) or estrogenic (bisphenol A, BPA). For a number of years, the issue of the potential harm of low doses of these endocrine disruptors (ED) for a developing fetus after entering the body of a pregnant mother has been discussed. Taking into consideration the ED ability to overcome the placental barrier, and the fact that one of the general mechanisms of the pathogenic effect of ED on humans and animals is oxidative stress, it is reasonable to study the state of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the reproductive organs of adult male offspring, which was subjected to prenatal effects of low doses of DBP and BPA. The aim is to elucidate the prenatal effect of low doses of DBP and BPA on the content of LPO products in the ventral prostate (VP) and gonads of adult male rats. Material and methods. Wistar rats received orally an oil solution of DBP at 100 mg / kg bw. or BPA in Dorfman gel at 25 μg / kg bw per day from 15 to 21 days of pregnancy, control animals – carriers of drugs. In male offspring of 6 and 18 months of age, the contents of LPO products – malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugates (DC) – were determined per mg of protein in the VP and testes. Results. In the testes of young rats prenatally exposed to DBP, the contents of both studied LPO products were significantly increased. The content of MDA in the VP of aging experimental rats exceeded 6 times, and DC – 1.5 times the values of control animals. The expression levels of MDA and DC in the testes of experimental animals increased by 134 % and 37 %, respectively. In the testes of 6-month-old rats exposed to BPA in utero, the contents of LPO products significantly increased in comparison with the control group: MDA by 155 %, DC – by 16 %. In the VP, the content of MDA significantly increased, DC did not differ from the control group. Conclusions. The result of oral administration of DBP to rats at a threshold dose relative to reproductive fetotoxicity during the last week of pregnancy is the activation of LPO in the testes of young and in the VP and testes of aging offspring. Oral administration of a subthreshold BPA dose to rats in the last week of pregnancy leads to the activation of LPO in the testes and the VP of young offspring.
Key words: dibutyl phthalate, bisphenol A, prenatal action, lipid peroxidation, male rats, ventral prostate, testes.
Die Welt der Polyominos in den oberen Klassen der Grundschule – vom Spiel bis zur Forschung
Authors: Jánvári Zsuzsanna
Published: August 2021

In diesem Artikel möchte ich eine erweiterte Anwendung von Polyominos vorstellen. Kompetenzentwicklung, Talentförderung und Neugestaltung haben in Ungarn eine lange Tradition. Eines der bekanntesten Beispiele für all dies ist die Einführung von Pentominos und ihre Verwendung, um ebene geometrische und zugehörige kombinatorische Probleme und Aufgaben zu lösen. Der Grund für die Erweiterung des Anwendungsbereichs besteht darin, 10-, 12- und 14-jährige Kinder in den oberen Grundschulklassen auf eine typische Aufgabe in der verbindlichen zentralen Aufnahmeprüfung vorzubereiten. Die Unterrichtseinheit, die in einer Unterrichtsstunde durchgeführt werden kann, bietet auf spielerische Weise die Möglichkeit, räumliches Sehen und Denken zu entwickeln.
Geometrie und geometrisches Denken: Orientierungen für den Inhalt und die didaktische Gestaltung des Geometrieunterrichts
Authors: Neubrand Michael
Published: August 2021

Dieser Beitrag betrachtet, eingeleitet und begleitet von einem Aufgaben-Entwurf für eine Leistungsuntersuchung, fundamentale Aspekte, um geometrisches Denken zu verstehen und zu gestalten. Der Inhalt (Was ist Geometrie?), die gedankliche Eröffnung (Welche Zugänge zum geometrischen Denken gibt es?), die mathematischen Tätigkeiten in der Geometrie (Wie betreibt man Geometrie?), aber auch das didaktische Potential (Welche Optionen bietet der Geometrieunterricht?) werden dabei diskutiert. Es sind epistemologische, geometrische, didaktische und allgemein-päda¬gogischer Aspekte aufzunehmen, deren Interdependenz zu beachten und in eine systematische Ordnung zu bringen. Abschließend wird skizzenhaft auf die Problematik der Realisierung der Multiperspektivität der Geometrie im Curriculum und bei Leistungstests eingegangen.
Wie Studenten eine offene Aufgabe aus der Geometrie lösen – eine Fallstudie
Authors: Svitek Szilárd
Published: August 2021

In der folgenden Fallstudie werden die Mittel und die Strategien untersucht, die Studenten der Universität verwenden, um eine bestimmte offene Geometrieaufgabe zu lösen. Ziel der Studie ist es, diese Mittel und Strategien auf ihre Nützlichkeit und ihre Vor- und Nachteile hin zu analysieren. An der Studie nahmen Mathematikstudenten des ersten Studienjahres an der J. Selye Universität (UJS) in Komárno und ein Student der Eötvös Loránd Universität (ELTE) in Budapest teil.
Neue Zugänge zu geometrischen Beweisen als Beitrag zum geometrischen Denken am Beispiel des Satzes von Varignon
Authors: Szücs Kinga
Published: August 2021

Argumentieren und Beweisen stellen einen der fünf Aspekte geometrischen Denkens dar und sollten somit einen wesentlichen Bestandteil des Geometrieunterrichts bilden. Auch wenn dies etwa bis in die 1990er Jahre der Fall war, verschwanden Beweise seitdem aus dem gesamten Mathematikunterricht, so auch aus dem Geometrieunterricht – bis auf wenige Ausnahmen – vollkommen. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden neue Zugänge durch Falten zu einem altbekannten Satz beziehungsweise zu seinen Beweisen, nämlich zum Satz von Varignon sowie zu dessen Spezialfällen vorgestellt. Es wird zudem aufgezeigt, dass hierdurch weitere Aspekte des geometrischen Denkens wie die Begriffsbildung, das Problemlösen und die Verwendung von Darstellungen gefördert werden können.
Revision of the family Metarbelidae (Lepidoptera) of the Oriental Region. V. Genus Marcopoloia Yakovlev & Zolotuhin gen. nov. from the Taiwan Island and Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Yakovlev Roman V. , Zolotuhin Vadim V.
Published: August 2021

In the fifth part of the revision on the Asian Metarbelidae we describe the new genus Marcopoloia Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, gen. nov. (type species, by original designation: Arbela discipuncta Wileman, 1915). The male and female of Marcopoloia discipuncta (Wileman, 1915) comb. nov. are redescribed; four new species Marcopoloia leloi Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, sp. nov. (type locality: C. Vietnam, Gia Lai Prov., Kon Ka Kinh NP), Marcopoloia nangmai Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, sp. nov. (type locality: Thailand, Changwat Nan, 20 km N of Bo Luang), Marcopoloia siniaevi Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, sp. nov. (type locality: Mynmar (Burma), 40 km N Myitkyina, Chanc Kand village), and Marcopoloia thaica Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, sp. nov. (type locality: Thailand, Changwat Nan, 30 km E of Pua) are described. A new synonym is established: Arbela discipuncta Wileman, 1915, syn. nov. = Arbela baibarana Matsumura, 1927.
First record of Pseudostyphlus pillumus (Gyllenhal, 1835) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from Altaiskii Krai, Western Siberia (Russia)
Authors: Legalov Andrei A.
Published: August 2021

The first find of Pseudostyphlus pillumus (Gyllenhal, 1835) (Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Ellescini: Styphlina) from Altaiskii Krai, Western Siberia is recorded. It is the most eastern find of this species. The redescription of Pseudostyphlus pillumus is given. A key for identifying genera of Styphlina from Siberia is completed.
Estudo comparado de organização e adensamento de cadeias produtivas e seus indicadores: uma análise das câmaras setoriais entre 1991, 2006 e 2017
Authors: Monteiro Maicon Gonçalves , Rocha Helinton José , Brisola Marlon Vinícius
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tece comentários sobre o desempenho do agronegócio brasileiro e sua ligação com as ações do Estado no que tange ao provimento de recursos financeiros e à condução de políticas públicas voltadas ao setor.
A Dimensão transfronteiriça nas ligações internacionais entre cidades: comentários sobre uma nova informação da REGIC 2018
Authors: Moura Rosa , Ferreira Gustavo , Nagamine Liria Yuri
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tece comentários sobre as motivações que impulsionam a atratividade internacional das cidades da faixa de fronteira e, entre outras coisas, faz observações sobre a relevância das ligações internacionais na configuração de arranjos transfronteiriços e em sua importância na rede urbana brasileira.
Herschel Photometric Observations of Little Things Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Cigan Phil , Young Lisa M. , Gomez Haley L. , Madden Suzanne C. , De Vis Pieter , Hunter Deidre A. , Elmegreen Bruce G. , Brinks Elias ,   and the Little Things Team
Published: August 2021

We present here far-infrared photometry of galaxies in a sample that is relatively unexplored at these wavelengths: low-metallicity dwarf galaxies with moderate star formation rates. Four dwarf irregular galaxies from the Little Things survey are considered, with deep Herschel PACS and SPIRE observations at 100, 160, 250, 350, and 500 μm. Results from modified blackbody fits indicate that these galaxies have low dust masses and cooler dust temperatures than more actively star-forming dwarfs, occupying the lowest L
TIR and M
dust regimes seen among these samples. Dust-to-gas mass ratios of ∼10−5 are lower, overall, than in more massive and active galaxies but are roughly consistent with the broken power-law relation between the dust-to-gas ratio and metallicity found for other low-metallicity systems. Chemical evolution modeling suggests that these dwarf galaxies are likely forming very little dust via stars or grain growth and have very high dust destruction rates.
Nondetection of Helium in the Upper Atmospheres of TRAPPIST-1b, e, and f*
Authors: Krishnamurthy Vigneshwaran , Hirano Teruyuki , Stefánsson Gumundur , Ninan Joe P. , Mahadevan Suvrath , Gaidos Eric , Kopparapu Ravi , Sato Bunei , Hori Yasunori , Bender Chad F. , Cañas Caleb I. , Diddams Scott A. , Halverson Samuel , Harakawa Hiroki , Hawley Suzanne , Hearty Fred , Hebb Leslie , Hodapp Klaus , Jacobson Shane , Kanodia Shubham , Konishi Mihoko , Kotani Takayuki , Kowalski Adam , Kudo Tomoyuki , Kurokawa Takashi , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Lin Andrea , Maney Marissa , Metcalf Andrew J. , Morris Brett , Nishikawa Jun , Omiya Masashi , Robertson Paul , Roy Arpita , Schwab Christian , Serizawa Takuma , Tamura Motohide , Ueda Akitoshi , Vievard Sébastien , Wisniewski John
Published: August 2021

We obtained high-resolution spectra of the ultracool M-dwarf TRAPPIST-1 during the transit of its planet “b” using two high-dispersion near-infrared spectrographs, the Infrared Doppler (IRD) instrument on the Subaru 8.2m telescope, and the Habitable Zone Planet Finder (HPF) instrument on the 10 m Hobby–Eberly Telescope. These spectroscopic observations are complemented by a photometric transit observation for planet “b” using the APO/ARCTIC, which assisted us in capturing the correct transit times for our transit spectroscopy. Using the data obtained by the new IRD and HPF observations, as well as the prior transit observations of planets “b,” “e” and “f” from IRD, we attempt to constrain the atmospheric escape of the planet using the He i triplet 10830 Å absorption line. We do not detect evidence for any primordial extended H-He atmospheres in all three planets. To limit any planet-related absorption, we place an upper limit on the equivalent widths of <7.754 mÅ for planet “b,” <10.458 mÅ for planet “e,” <4.143 mÅ for planet “f” at 95% confidence from the IRD data, and <3.467 mÅ for planet “b” at 95% confidence from HPF data. Using these limits along with a solar-like composition isothermal Parker wind model, we attempt to constrain the mass-loss rates for the three planets. For TRAPPIST-1b, our models exclude the highest possible energy-limited rate for a wind temperature <5000 K. This nondetection of extended atmospheres with low mean-molecular weights in all three planets aids in further constraining their atmospheric composition by steering the focus toward the search of high-molecular-weight species in their atmospheres.
Extracting the Main Trend in a Data Set: The Sequencer Algorithm
Authors: Baron Dalya , Ménard Brice
Published: August 2021

Scientists aim to extract simplicity from observations of the complex world. An important component of this process is the exploration of data in search of trends. In practice, however, this tends to be more of an art than a science. Among all trends existing in the natural world, one-dimensional trends, often called sequences, are of particular interest, as they provide insights into simple phenomena. However, some are challenging to detect, as they may be expressed in complex manners. We present the Sequencer, an algorithm designed to generically identify the main trend in a data set. It does so by constructing graphs describing the similarities between pairs of observations, computed with a set of metrics and scales. Using the fact that continuous trends lead to more elongated graphs, the algorithm can identify which aspects of the data are relevant in establishing a global sequence. Such an approach can be used beyond the proposed algorithm and can optimize the parameters of any dimensionality reduction technique. We demonstrate the power of the Sequencer using real-world data from astronomy, geology, and images from the natural world. We show that, in a number of cases, it outperforms the popular t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection dimensionality reduction techniques. This approach to exploratory data analysis, which does not rely on training or tuning any parameter, has the potential to enable discoveries in a wide range of scientific domains. The source code is available on GitHub, and we provide an online interface at http://sequencer.org.
Age-dating Red Giant Stars Associated with Galactic Disk and Halo Substructures
Authors: Grunblatt Samuel K. , Zinn Joel C. , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Angus Ruth , Saunders Nicholas , Hon Marc , Stokholm Amalie , Bellinger Earl P. , Martell Sarah L. , Mosser Benoit , Cunningham Emily , Tayar Jamie , Huber Daniel , Rørsted Jakob Lysgaard , Silva Aguirre Victor
Published: August 2021

The vast majority of Milky Way stellar halo stars were likely accreted from a small number (≲3) of relatively large dwarf galaxy accretion events. However, the timing of these events is poorly constrained and predominantly relies on indirect dynamical mixing arguments or imprecise age measurements of stars associated with debris structures. Here, we aim to infer robust stellar ages for stars associated with galactic substructures to more directly constrain the merger history of the Galaxy. By combining kinematic, asteroseismic, and spectroscopic data where available, we infer stellar ages for a sample of 10 red giant stars that were kinematically selected to be within the stellar halo, a subset of which are associated with the Gaia–Enceladus–Sausage halo substructure, and compare their ages to 3 red giant stars in the Galactic disk. Despite systematic differences in both absolute and relative ages determined here, age rankings of stars in this sample are robust. Passing the same observable inputs to multiple stellar age determination packages, we measure a weighted average age for the Gaia–Enceladus–Sausage stars in our sample of 8 ± 3 (stat.) ± 1 (sys.) Gyr. We also determine hierarchical ages using isochrones for the populations of Gaia–Enceladus–Sausage, in situ halo and disk stars, finding a Gaia–Enceladus–Sausage population age of 8.0

−
2.3

+
3.2

Gyr. Although we cannot distinguish hierarchical population ages of halo or disk structures with our limited data and sample of stars, this framework should allow a distinct characterization of Galactic substructures using larger stellar samples and additional data available in the near future.
Feeding the Accretion Disk from the Dusty Torus in a Reddened Quasar
Authors: Li Ge , Shi Xiheng , Tian Qiguo , Sun Luming , Shu Xinwen , Chen Xiangjun , Zhou Hongyan
Published: August 2021

We present here a detailed analysis of an unusual absorption line system in the quasar SDSS J122826.79+100532.2. The absorption lines in the system have a common redshifted velocity structure starting from v ∼ 0 and extending to ∼1000 km s−1, and are clearly detected in the hydrogen Balmer series up to Hι, in the metastable neutral helium triplet, and in optical lines of excited states of single ionized iron. We estimated that the absorber has a density n
H ≈ 108.4 cm−3 and an ionization parameter U ≈ 10−1.2, thereupon we located it at r
abs ≈ 1.5 pc from the central supermassive black hole. The inferred distance is remarkably similar to the evaporation radius for dust grains r
evap ≈ 1 pc in the quasar. Thus the absorber may be a probe of an inflow starting from the dusty torus and feeding the accretion disk. Both the featureless continuum and the broad emission lines are heavily reddened with E(B − V) ≈ 0.66, in contrast to the narrow emission lines whose reddening is negligible. The dusty medium could be located in between the broad and narrow emission line regions, and possibly be associated with a “cold” narrow absorption line system detected in Ca ii and Na i doublets nearly unshifted from the quasar systemic velocity. SDSS J122826.79+100532.2 might represent such a rare case that both the inflow and the torus could be tracked by absorption lines.
Molecular Dynamics Approach for Predicting Release Temperatures of Noble Gases in Presolar Nanodiamonds
Authors: Aghajamali Alireza , Shiryaev Andrey A. , Marks Nigel A.
Published: August 2021

Presolar meteoritic nanodiamond grains carry an array of isotopically distinct noble gas components and provide information on the history of nucleosynthesis, galactic mixing, and the formation of the solar system. In this paper, we develop a molecular dynamics approach to predict the thermal release pattern of implanted noble gases (He and Xe) in nanodiamonds. We provide atomistic details of the unimodal temperature release distribution for He and a bimodal behavior for Xe. Intriguingly, our model shows that the thermal release process of noble gases is highly sensitive to the impact and annealing parameters, as well as the position of the implanted ion in the crystal lattice and morphology of the nanograin. In addition, the model elegantly explains the unimodal and bimodal patterns of noble gas release via the interstitial and substitutional types of defects formed. In summary, our simulations confirm that low-energy ion implantation is a viable way to incorporate noble gases into nanodiamonds, and we provide an explanation of the experimentally observed peculiarities of gas release.
Genetic characteristics of yellow seabream Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn, 1782) (Teleostei: Sparidae) after stock enhancement in southeastern China coastal waters
Authors: Song Puqing , Liu Cheng , Cai Zizi , Liu Shigang , Xiang Jiali , Shan Binbin , Ji Dongping , Li Yuan , Lin Longshan
Published: August 2021

Yellowfin seabream is an important economic fish that is widely distributed in the East and South China seas. Many attempts to enhance stocks of yellowfin seabream have occurred in China, but a lack of genetic information for this species after stock release represents an obstacle to its management and conservation. To provide scientific guidance for sustainable germplasm resource development, we sequence the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (CR) of 123 yellowfin seabream from 6 sample populations (Xiamen, Dongshan I, Dongshan II, Yangjiang, Fangchenggang, and Beibu Gulf). Populations of both wild and cultured yellowfin seabream have high genetic diversity, which we relate to their breeding habits and growth rate. A neighbor-joining tree of CR haplotypes reveals no specific phylogenetic structure corresponding to location of fish capture. Both neutral test and nucleotide mismatch distribution analyses suggest that yellowfin seabream have experienced population expansion events. Pleistocene glacial periods and recent stock releases have played important roles in the formation of present-day phylogeographical patterns. Our study provides baseline information which will assist future research on genetic structure, genetic diversity, and historical demography of yellowfin seabream after stock release in southeast China coastal waters. The use of exotic seeds should be avoided in stock breeding and release, and relevant follow-up surveys and genetic monitoring should be undertaken to clarify the genetic impact of exotic seed use on wild populations.
A new genus for the tiny hawk Accipiter superciliosus and semicollared hawk A. collaris (Aves: Accipitridae), with comments on the generic name for the crested goshawk A. trivirgatus and Sulawesi goshawk A. griseiceps
Authors: Sangster George , Kirwan Guy M. , Fuchs Jérôme , Dickinson Edward C. , Elliott Andy , Gregory Steven M. S.
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Multiple molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that two Neotropical raptors, tiny hawk Accipiter superciliosus and its sister species semicollared hawk A. collaris, are not closely related to core Accipiter, and that A. superciliosus, at least, possesses osteological characters not replicated in the remainder of the genus. Based on these data, there is a need to recognise their distinctiveness at generic level. However, as recently noted in two global bird checklists, no name is available to accommodate them, so we provide a new nomen here. Furthermore, two Asian accipitrids, crested goshawk A. trivirgatus and its presumed closest relative Sulawesi goshawk A. griseiceps, are also phylogenetically distinctive; in this case the genus-group name Lophospiza is applicable. We also designate type species for two genus-group names (Hieraspiza and Eusparvius) currently in the synonymy of Accipiter, and, as an aid to future workers, we provide a synonymy of the genus Accipiter and a list of species currently included in Accipiter for which published molecular phylogenetic data are apparently lacking.
Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean
Authors: Di Martino Emanuela , Rosso Antonietta
Published: August 2021

The Mediterranean specimens of the genus Microporella collected from shallow water habitats during several surveys and cruises undertaken mostly off the Italian coast are revised. As a result of the disentanglement of the M. ciliata complex and the examination of new material, three new species, M. bicollarissp. nov., M. ichnusaesp. nov., and M. pachyspinasp. nov., are described from submarine caves or associated with seagrasses and algae. An additional species Microporella sp. A, distinct by its finely reticulate ascopore, is described but left in open nomenclature owing to the limitations of a single infertile fragment. After examination of all available material, based on their identical zooidal morphology, the genus Diporula is regarded as junior synonym of Microporella and the combination Microporella verrucosa is resurrected as first suggested by Neviani in 1896. Fenestrulina joannae is also reassigned to Microporella. The availability of a large number of colonies of the above-mentioned and other species already well known from the area (i.e., M. appendiculata, M. ciliata, and M. modesta), allowed the assessment of their high intraspecific variability as well as the observation, for the first time, of some morphological characters including ancestrulae, early astogeny, and kenozooids. Finally, M. modesta, in spite of M. ciliata as defined by the neotype selected by Kukliński & Taylor in 2008, appears to be the commonest species in the basin.
Rediscovery of Orientotlos iishibai Sakai, 1980 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Leucosiidae) in Taiwan
Authors: Ng Peter K. L. , Chan Tin-Yam
Published: August 2021

The leucosiid crabOrientotlos iishibaiSakai, 1980 was described from one female collected off western Japan and had never been reported since. The species is now recorded from southwestern Taiwan for the first time, and is redescribed and figured at length. Although Sakai argued thatOrientotlosSakai, 1980, is closely related toOreophorusRüppell, 1830 andAtlantotlosDoflein, 1904, the genus is actually morphologically most similar toMerocryptusA. Milne-Edwards, 1873. The two genera, however, still differ markedly in a number of key carapace and cheliped characters.