bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Aspects of Emanatology in Sheikh Nuri's Poems
Authors: Mohammed Azaldin Sabir
Published: November 2023

This research, titled Some Aspects of Emanatology in Sheikh Nuri's Poems, is an attempt to reveal the emanate side of the poet's poems, with the aim of explaining the subjects of meaning, defining and presenting the arts of meaning, which consists of two main parts. In the first part, specifically the first part, dedicated to rhetoric, and in the second part we discussed the term rhetoric, and the second part was dedicated to presenting the emanating subjects of Sheikh Nuri's poetry in the second part
The Effect of Using Tutorial Video on Students’ Performance
Authors: Mousa Manal Omar
Published: November 2023

The rapid growth of technology has brought many innovations in education and especially in language teaching. In order to offer and create successful classes language teachers, especially English language teachers are using different audio-visual tools to facilitate the teaching process. Besides textbooks and other interesting and engaging activities, which ensure student centeredness, autonomy, interaction and connectivity to a certain theme, and videos such as: movies, songs, power point presentations are widely used in EFL classrooms. This paper first attempts to explore the goals of using video material in EFL classrooms and the advantages of using video materials in EFL teaching, on the basis of which proposes a framework of teaching principles, strategies and specific tips which facilitate EFL teaching. Then it would be related theories and practice to the use of audio- visual tools in language learning especially in ESP classes at university level and the reason why videos can be considered as valuable pedagogical tools is to facilitate the teaching process. The aim of this study is to investigate the benefits that the language teachers and learners get in using audio-visual aids in teaching and learning the English language, as well as to show that by using the appropriate video material the teachers can improve and ensure student- centeredness, have their students interested and engaged in activities, be more active, motivated and confident in their communicative language competence.
Translating Proverb-Like Rhetorical Quranic Structures into English
Authors: Jasim Anwar Abdulwahab , Ahmed Zainab Fahmi
Published: November 2023

Translating Proverb -like structures in the Glorious Quran is considered a difficult task because translators need to reproduce the words of Allah as accurately and faithfully as possible. The current study aims at analyzing the proverb - like structures in the Glorious Quran and their translations rhetorically. It is hypothesized that the proverb - like structures cannot be realized semantically without referring to the linguistic context and the reasons of revelation in the Quran exegesis books to realize the rhetorical and linguistic features. The study conludes that translators can convey the meaning appropriately, but they cannot produce the power of the rhetorical structures of the Glorious Quran since its language is a miracle. The study can be useful to specialists in Quran translation and non-Arab Quran learners.
Incorporating the Subordination into Arabic Grammar, an Original Study
Authors: محمود الهيتي أحمد جمعة
Published: November 2023

When some grammarians distinguish between the substitution and the coordination of the statement, it was only a way of saying that there is a phenomenon called the coordination of the statement with the substitution and that obligating the substitution that it is a sign of deleting the substituted element from which is debatable though it is common among grammarians, and the poetic evidence that is inferred by the followers is only the ignorance of those who say, not to mention the lack of agreement on its narration, not to mention the fabrication of some of them, as the investigators said. Moreover, it was the muhaddiths themselves who permitted its parsing and what they employed from Qur’anic evidence as evidence; To confirm what most of them agreed on, that what is considered Coordination is expresses as a substitution and the difference between them is that the substitution is agreed upon for its existence, so why is its counterpart inserted while the substitution is present?
The Complementary Literary Criticism Methodology from Theory to Practice: Sherko Bekas’s Open Text ‘A Girl is my Homeland Now’ as an Example
Authors: Hussein Ali Taher , Ibrahim Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: November 2023

The complementary criticism method is one of the recent literary criticism methods which takes a holistic, multifarious approach to texts. Its primary aim is to reveal the most hidden aspects of literary texts. The method, by making use of the internal and external textual analysis approaches, starts with analyzing the external side of the piece of literary work reaching to the content and internal side of the text and it attempts to connect and adapt the two aspects to each other. It has a holistic approach to the texts and deals with them as a unified whole, as long as it is allowed, the method does not neglect any aspect of the text. The study which is entitled “The complementary criticism method from theory to practice: Sherko Bekas’s Open Text ‘A girl is my homeland now’ as an example.” is an academic endeavor to analyze and interpret the poet’s texts in the light of the terms and expressions utilized by complementary method of literary text analysis. This is done through tying the relationships of the external structure of the text to exposition of the inner secrets of it, revealing the bright hidden sides built by the cohesion strategies, via those various complementary perspectives the method believes to use in the criticism process.
D. G. Rossetti's "The Burden of Nineveh"
Authors: Al-Douri Hamdi Hameed
Published: November 2023

Iraqi and Middle-Eastern Archaeological antiquities had been, and still are subjects to burgling by the excavators and looters. In 1850, the British Pre-Raphaelite poet-painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1822-1888), made a visit to the British Museum which coincided with the hoisting into the museum of a winged bull from Nineveh and he selected the Nineveh statue as the focus of his musings. This event induced a train of thoughts in the poet and inspired his poem "The Burden of Nineveh" in which he contemplates on the Bull's identity, time and civilizations. The poet goes into the future of London to imagine the sculpture and its new role as a relic in the London Museum. He predicts that in the future, archaeological excavators; travellers from Australia, digging up the massive Assyrian bull-god sculpture from the ruins of London and the British Museum will assume it to be a relic of London rather than of Nineveh and an object of worship by native Britons, representing London's culture and religion. This paper, therefore, is an attempt to shed light on the significance of this poem as an eye-witness on the acts of stealing the Iraqi and the Near Eastern antiquities and conveying them to the British Museum and other museums. It, also, attempts to explore Rossetti's critique of imperial cultures and his concept of time and inconstancy as well as his prediction of an aura of decline and ruin of Western civilization.
A Correlation Study between EFL Students’ Learning Styles and their Academic Performance
Authors: Salih Hilo Ibraheem Khalaf
Published: November 2023

Learning style is an effective and a natural process in which learners begin with what they already know or feel or read. Real learning cannot take place randomly. It is based on effective steps to learn something new. This will lead to use the new content and participate in how it might work in real life. Learners are also required to creatively take what they have learned beyond the classroom. This final step moves students out of the class into their real performance. According to the learning process, each student will have a place in the learning cycle where he or she is most comfortable and can contribute the most excellent work. Even though different students prefer different places in the cycle, it is important for all students to go through each of the steps in the cycle. Learning styles approach works best within a system that focuses on self-control, intrinsic rewards and self-expression. Working with learning styles, you may find that you naturally move toward a student-centered discipline approach that encourages student self-responsibility. Students usually differ in their ways of learning. Each student can understand the subject in the way he can and interpret. There are so many external factors that affect leaning. Some of them are environmental and social. Others are psychological related to age, motivation, individual differences etc.The present study aims at investigating the correlation between learning styles of EFL college students and their academic performance.The sample consists of thirty student-teachers from Department of English / College of Education for Humanities/ University of Tikrit. The instrument of the study is a learning style questionnaire that is adapted from O Brien (1985). Results show that there is a positive relationship between students' styles and their academic performance. Based on the results gained, specific recommendations are put forward.
A Pragmatic Study of Non-Observance Maxims in Selected Political Speeches
Authors: Hassan Jalal Sa’dullah
Published: November 2023

The paper is to explore the application of Paul Grice’s Cooperative Principles in analyzing political speeches in order to know how these principles are observed and how politicians in their speeches do not observe the conversational maxims. The study is a qualitative research, that is, the excerpts are taken out in order for the researcher to analyze them. Based on analyzing the excerpts, the study aims at finding the non-observance of the Conversational Maxims and to know their occurrences applied throughout the dialogues. The findings of the present study show that, making their speeches, politicians often rely on distinct non-observance categories of Conversational Maxims, including (flouting maxims, violating maxims, suspending maxims). Besides, the study found that different situations lead politicians to fail in observing conversational maxims.
A Deconstructionist Interpretation of J. M. Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians
Authors: Shakir Noora Mazin , Abdullah Al-maaroof Ansam Riyadh
Published: November 2023

Deconstruction is a postmodern theory that was propounded by, Jacques Derrida, a French philosopher to fathom the connection between text and its meaning. It is a form of literary and philosophical analysis derived from his work which began in the 1960s. In this work, he questions Western philosophy through a close examination of the language of literary and philosophical texts and their logic. Although it was applied by many critics in the 1970s, he is considered the pioneer of this approach. This paper analyzes J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians as a postmodern, deconstructionist text or novel. By choosing this text, the paper attempts to prove that Coetzee is a postmodern novelist who followed Derrida's thoughts in deconstructing his text. It tries to answer the questions: firstly; how Coetzee depends on some sources written before not by rewriting them from the beginning till the end as other writers do, but by adapting a single event, a title, or a verb? By demonstrating and answering this question, the paper will prove that deconstruction does not only occur by rebuilding a previous text but also occurring within the text itself. Secondly; how he employs the techniques of deconstruction to prove an essential notion of deconstruction that each text fills with ambiguous ideas. Thirdly; how those ideas are interpreted according to the readers' points of view? The paper has five parts. It begins with an introduction. The second part discusses the Methodology. The third gives background of the novel and the novelist. The fourth analyzes and examines the novel as a deconstruction text and conclusion sums up the findings.
Reception as a Criterion in Ibn Tayfur's (d. 280 AH) Selections in his Book Al-Manthur wal-Mandhum
Authors: حسين نور كاظم , جدوع نصرة أحميد
Published: November 2023

Al-Manthur wal-Mandhoum: Al-Qasa'id ul-Mufradat ul-Lati la Matheel laha, of Ibnu Taifour (d. 280 AH) which is the thirteenth volume of his book Al-Manthour wal Mandhoum represens an important part of the series of literary anthologies that preceded it such as Al-Mufadhaliyat and Al-Asma'iyat and Al-Akhfash Al-Asghar's book: Al-Ikhtiyarain and all the selections of Hammad Ar-Rawiya known as Al-Mo'allaqat which represented the real beginning of Anthologie. This study is an attempt to explore Ibnu Taifour's standards in selecting his poetic texts, among them is the reception where he pays attention to the public taste of his age's recipients according to the prevalent literary conventions, therefore, selected the best poems which won the interest of the recipients according to his particular criteria as an author, poems which were outstanding and unique in their subjects and themes. His examples belonged to different literary periods: pre-Islamic, Islamic and Abbasid. His book differs from others by choosing poems dealing with new topics untackled before and expressing the concerns of his age.
The Illustration of Thatcher's Theatre in Caryl Churchill's Serious Money: A social Feminist study"
Authors: Abdullah Almaaroof Ansam R. , Mahmoud Azhin K.
Published: November 2023

Caryl Churchill 's work marks by a deep contribution to both feminism and socialism, as well as a desire to do different experience. She credits with reshaping modern theatre and introducing new subjects matter ideas. Her systematically experimental plays integrate an examination of gender with the social disparity in British society. Churchill performs a major role in the development of modern feminist stage by putting women at the forefront of theatrical activity and discussing a wide variety of socio-feminist concerns . This study aims to question the prevailing social philosophy at the time and displays a strong women that defy patriarchal society and disrupt gender conventions to gain power. Churchill intends to portray women's condition under Thatcher's regime . As in a patriarchal society, women must be obedient, reliant, subservient according to traditional norms and social standards, and they should stay under patriarchal domination by staying at home to raise children without the freedom to study, work, or even to be successful and independent person. Therefore , Churchill wants to examine the success of Margaret Thatcher in the patriarchal society and the consequences of her regime on women circumstances . This study hypothesizes that Churchill has affected by Thatcherism in her era and this influences her style of writings. This paper starts with an introduction of Thatcher's regime and Serious money play , then follows the methodology of the study and the discussion comes afterwards and it ends with a conclusion that points out the results of discussion .
The Effect of Using Project-Based Learning on EFL Students’ Achievement
Authors: Ali Nuha Mukhlef , Hasan Kanaan K.
Published: November 2023

Project-Based Learning (PBL) is an innovative approach to learning that teaches a multitude of strategies critical for success in the twenty-first century. Students drive their own learning through inquiry, as well as work collaboratively to research and create projects that reflect their knowledge. From gleaning new, viable technology skills, to becoming proficient communicators and advanced problem solvers, students benefit from this approach to instruction. The current study aims at: 1. Finding out the Effect of Using project based learning on EFL intermediate school student’s achievement in vocabulary. 2. Finding out whether there are any statistical significant differences between the achievement of the experimental group and that of the control group in the post test. 3. Find out whether there is any statistical significant difference between students' achievement at the recognition level on one hand, and their achievement at the production level, on the other hand in English vocabulary. To carry out the study, the hypotheses are posed as the following: 1. There is no any statistical significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group's achievement and that of the control group in the post-test. 2. There is no any statistical significant difference between the mean scores of students' achievement at the recognition level and that at the production level in English idioms. To achieve the aims and verify the hypotheses above, Non Randomized experimental group pretest and posttest design has been chosen .The pupils have been taught during the academic year 2020-2021. A sample consists of (50) pupils in fourth preparatory at Al shorouk school distributed into two groups. Group (A) represents experimental group that includes (25) pupils are taught according to project Based learning strategy. Group (B) represents control group which also include (25) pupils who are taught according to the traditional method. Both groups have been equalized in such variables from Educational level of parent, English grades achievement in previous schooling year, and the pretest of both groups. A unified posttest which contains six questions are constructed to collect data. Face and content validity have been attained. Reliability coefficient has been verified by using the split- half and the Alpha – Cronbach methods.
The Reflection of Satire in Political Cartoons
Authors: Ali Marwah Kareem , Mohammed Wafaa Dahham
Published: November 2023

Satire is a figurative device that is employed in different fields and different types of texts, especially politics. It is used for purposes of entertainment and hiding real meanings. However, most studies done on satire are related text analysis. Accordingly, this study aims at determining how satire is reflected in political cartoons. The data of this study is represented by American political cartoons on Donald Trump, to be analyzed critically in relation to reality. The study found that satire in cartoons on Trump reflect his egoism, ignorance and carelessness as clarified in the expressions used in American cartoons.
L’emploi de la Troisième Personne du Singulier dans le Roman Le Comte de Monte Cristo d’Alexandre Dumas
Authors: Ikhdeer Al-Nazal Fayhaa Hameed
Published: November 2023

L’emploi des pronoms est un d’importants aspects narratif qui jouent un grand rôle dans l’écriture romanesque de sorte qu’il détermine les niveaux narratifs et la position du narrateur. En effet, la troisième personne est le plus simple des modes narratifs principaux du roman, et le plus familier et courant à la narration orale ainsi qu’à la narration écrite. Les romanciers emploient la troisième personne dans leurs œuvres pour éviter la subjectivité et pour être plus neutre ou plutôt lointains de ce qui se déroule dans le roman. Certainement, la présentation du point de vue par la troisième personne se diffère de celle par la première personne c’est le romancier ou le narrateur extradiégétique qui présente les personnages même le personnage principal, et raconte les événements sans avoir subi l’influence des personnages et leurs points de vue, c’est –à- dire il raconte objectivement l’action du roman. Dumas a toujours donné une importance au point de vue à partir duquel on envisage une réalité donnée. L’auteur et le narrateur pouvaient, grâce à la troisième personne, sans restriction, introduire tout ce qu’ils voulaient des idées, des idéologies, des événements et des points de vue différents, c’est-dire ils sentaient qu’il n’y avait pas de frontières qui limitaient leur liberté de se déplacer et substituer dans le style et la manière de présenter les événements en employant le style narratif et le style dramatique, pour dramatiser, grâce à la troisième personne, les événements et les idées par la manière qu’il voyait adéquate.
La focalisation interne dans Un amour de Swann de Marcel Proust
Authors: Ali Qatiran Bashar
Published: November 2023

Dans la présente investigation, on essayera de mettre la lumière sur la question de l’apparition de la focalisation adoptée dans ce roman de Marcel Proust. Le décompose de cette problématique semble très important pour des raisons essentiels, il nous ramène à une étude détaillée de l’œuvre principale "A la recherche du temps perdu", parce que cette œuvre surpasse librement le règlement des techniques narratives. En effet, le style proustien se caractérise par la singularité et la différence, il attire le lecture vers un atmosphère transparent, profond et philosophique. Un amour de Swann assume ce profondément par son adoption d’un valeur particulier dans toute l’œuvre monumentale. Les techniques narratologiques sont des appuis sur lesquels le sens du texte est formé. Cela résulte de son thème essentiel "l’amour". La présente étude tente de répondre à la problématique d’avoir une profonde connaissance concernant la focalisation magistral dans Un amour de Swann.
The Deviation in Al-Maqasid Al-Shafiyah fi Sharh Al-Khulasat il-Kafiyah for Abi-Ishaq Al-Shatibi (D 790AH)
Authors: طلفاح سارة عبد الغني , حسين باسم صالح
Published: November 2023

This research studies the connotation of nullifying the purpose and takes from the satisfying purposes as a means for it. It bears the meaning of (rejecting the purpose), studying it, determining its path and the location of the purpose in it, as well as clarifying the opinions of scholars in that and their preference for it. The research was divided into three sections preceded by an introduction and a brief definition of Ash-Shatby and his purposes, and a definition of (reversing the purpose. The first section includes: a study of issues in reversing the grammatical and morphological ruling. The second one consists of reversing the meaning, whereas the third topic is made up of reversing the original, then the research ends up with the most prominent results obtained from both the theoretical and practical chapters.
The Problem of Reading the Heritage Poetic Text of Adunis through his book Ash-Shi'riyat ul-Arabiya (Arabic Poetics)
Authors: زين خديجة
Published: November 2023

Adunis dealt with the ancient Arabic poetic text and tried to criticize and analyze it, through several intertwined modern critical approaches and mechanisms, through which he tried to build a special vision towards that poetic heritage in order to renew and modernize it and search for the bright aspects in it, in an effort to revitalize Arab culture and build a semi-Arabic theory that keeps pace with Modern Western Critical Studies and make the heritage contribute to solving the problems posed by the lived reality. From this standpoint, Adonis is one of the critics who opened the door to heritage in order to unmask it, and dust it off, after it was accumulated in Arab libraries without examination, study or analysis. Everything that is stereotypical is a heritage tradition, and everything that is different is modern in line with the elements of poetic modernity.
The Omission in Ibn Ya’ish al-Nahwi (643 AH) The Letter as Model
Authors: عبدالرحمن عبد الرحمن وليد
Published: November 2023

Arabic is a language sanctified by the holiness of the Noble Qur’an, as it has occupied a large space in human civilizations, and had a prominent impact on the codification of all human sciences. Today, the Arabs have not finished achieving them, due to their huge amount. This paper is concerned with the phenomenon of omission of letters because of the syntactic and semantic secrets of omission in Arabic syntax, and the paper approached this phenomenon according to one of our outstanding linguists, namely Ibn Ya'ish an-Nahwi, who died (643 AH). ) The great commentator, and the unique grammatical mentality, and (Sharh al-Mofassal) is considered one of the greatest explanations and studies in our Arab heritage. The research is divided into a preface, two chapters, and the conclusion which sums up the most prominent results. The preface deals with two topics: deletion of letters and deletion of prepositions. The conclusion gives a summary of the most prominent results of the study.
The Grammatical Effect in Directing the Structures of the Word "Purchase" in the Holy Qur’an
Authors: حمادي عبطان حليمة جسام , عيد يوسف
Published: November 2023

The scholars defined the prohibition as: the structural saying that indicates your request is an act on the side of superiority, and the prohibition has one letter that the scholars stipulated, which is not the prohibition, but this does not mean that the subject adheres to this tool exclusively, for the Arabs used other than them in the prohibition, such as the names of verbs meh, and it, and they also used The explicit verb in the prohibition is taken from the verb forbid and its derivatives, and just as the topics of grammar have connotations and meanings that are known according to the case of the sentence, the prohibition has meanings that are known according to the context of the sentence, including: supplication, petition, guidance, persistence, statement of consequence, despair, wishful thinking, threat, hate, reprimand, Intimacy, humiliation, as well as topics came out of their true meaning to the prohibition . Rather, the meaning of these topics was known through careful understanding of the text and extracting its implicit meanings, from that negation in the sense of prohibition, command in the sense of prohibition, news in the sense of prohibition, interrogation in the sense of prohibition, denial interrogation in the sense of prohibition, exclamation in the sense of prohibition and denial, and it was necessary to rely on the hadiths of our master Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, in explaining some of the prohibitions that were received from him, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, whose statement came to explain the pure Islamic legislation, and from that he addressed the individual and wanted everyone, and from him he addressed everyone and wanted everyone, and from him, peace be upon him, explained the sanctity of something, it is forbidden to do it , including the method of warning, including the use of not to deny in the sense of prohibition.
Leveling up the Performance of EFL Students by Using Personal Response Approach
Authors: حسين باسم صالح , مرعي إسراء مولود
Published: November 2023

Abu al-Qasim al-Tamanini (died 442 AH) is considered one of the famous grammarians in the fifth century of migration, and his book on Sharh al-Lama’ by Ibn Jinni is one of his most famous works. Abi Al-Fath Othman Ibn Jinni until he excelled and explained (Kitab Al-Lama’), as well as (Al-Tasrif Al-Malki), which Ibn Jinni understood, he sought to encompass the art of language. And all of those who translated into the eighties praised his knowledge and literature, and I found no mention of his flaws or defects or defamation of his personality, until Al-Dhahabi said about him: (One of the great imams of Arabic was taken from Abu Al-Fath Othman Ibn Jinni, and others, and from him Abu Al-Muammar bin Tabataba Al-Alawi took), then He went back to mentioning his description in the biography of the nobles’ flags, in which he says: (And the sheikh of Arabic Abu al-Qasim Umar ibn Thabit the eighty, the owner of Ibn Jinni), and among those who testified to them with literature and the credit of al-Suyuti as well, he said in it: (Ali ibn Thabit Abu al-Qasim, the octogenarian, the blind grammarian, was a virtuous imam, a complete writer). It was called the eighty after the eighty market, a small town in the land of Mosul in the direction of Qardi, it is said that it was the first city built after the flood, and it was named so because they claimed that those who survived from the ship were eighty human beings. This research introduces the famous grammarian eighty, and another of his important grammar books, which is the book (Al Muqeed fi Grammar). The research dealt with the definition of the eighty, his life and his scientific biography, and the approach he followed in his book (Al-Muqeed), which is considered an important grammatical text in collecting the rules of Arabic grammar.
The phenomenon of Al-Hamza and Its Impact on Zaid's Narration about Ya`qub Alhadhrami
Authors: عبد الله لؤي حاتم , عواد جاسم محمد
Published: November 2023

This research deals with a linguistic phenomenon in the reading of one of the ten reciters, not to mention "the phenomenon of Al-Hamza and its impact on Ziyad's narration about Ya`qub Alhadhrami". After investigating the resources of narrations and interpretations, it shows that the narrations include differences in the single hamza and two hamzas. Hamza has been used "muhaqaq" in Zaid's narration, though it has been deleted in some situations, and moved in other cases
Multifunctional structure morphemes in structured word formation (The role of prefixes, for example)
Authors: Tahir Shahab Tayeb , Abubakr Rojan Qadir
Published: November 2023

The research is entitled “Morpheme Multi-functionality (of Prefixes) in Constructing New Words, Complex Words for Example”. Multi-functionality here means morphemes (prefixes) undertake several functions in creating complex words. Accurately, language gives diverse roles to morphemes as an indication for their various functions. This is a method originates in language itself, in which most of the morphemes with their various types are actively engaged for enriching the language lexicon. This role depends on the productivity of the morpheme, for instance, by adding the prefixes to the free morphemes several new meanings can be achieved in different parts of speech . It is the worth of mentioning that there are several researches about multifunctionality in Kurdish Kirmanji Dialect, but nothing has been done about prefixes solely and purely yet which is the prominent goal of this research. Samples and explanations of the research have been taken from this above mentioned dialect that specify the scope of it. Only Morphological level is taken into consideration to fulfil the research as a criteria that is why it can be regarded as a descriptive analytic research. The significance of this research comes out in indicating of theses prefixes that participate to construct words actively in Kurdish language. Prefixes are focused on, especially in relation to some specific parts of speech such as nouns,adjectives, adverbs, base and numbers. Finally, in addition to results and references, a sufficient summary in both Arabic and English languages is referred to
A Mystical Reading of D. H. Lawrence's "Shadows"
Authors: Al-Douri Hamdi Hameed
Published: November 2023

Though D. H. Lawrence was not a mystic or a mystical poet, his poem "Shadows" is a mystical poem par excellence. However, this aspect has never been given its due of study. Due to the depth of the inexpressible mystical experience, mystical poets resort to symbolic language to render their experiences. This paper aims at exploring the poet's mystical experience in this poem and it is divided into two sections. The first section is introductory; it attempts to shed light on mysticism, its meaning and nature to reach at an acceptable definition of "mysticism". The second is devoted to a detailed analysis of the mystical experience and the main mystical symbols in the poem such as water, autumn, darkness, dry tree, blossoms, and the phoenix. The paper also shows the diversity of the poet's sources of this experience by relating it to Christian and even Islamic mystical thought or even to Indian mysticism. It also attempts to point out the major influences on Lawrence, namely those of the Spanish mystic John of the Cross, Islamic mysticism and Indian Mysticism. The last part of the poem is the conclusion which sums up the results of the study.
A Syntactic-Semantic Study of Agentive Passive by-phrase Constructions in English context with reference to their Comprehension in Arabic
Authors: Khalid Mustafa Abu Baker , Abdullah Alaa Hasan
Published: November 2023

Passive voice refers to a syntactic phenomenon which is widely used in a language. The agentive passive construction which refers to a passive with overt agent is considered as one of the types of passive constructions which have great significance due to the role it does with regard to syntax, semantics and even to discourse. Its own consequence in these linguistic fields is reflected in its being a cohesive device which makes information appear in a logical order in which given and short information is put at the beginning provided that new and long information is placed at the end. It also helps to create a new sentence topic, moreover it completes the meaning of sentence due the important information it denotes. There are some problems to be met with regard to the agentive passive construction. It is worth mentioning that difficulty and ambiguity may be resulted in through both the deletion and retention of the agent. The other problem is that unacceptability can be created as a result of lack knowledge of semantic roles. This study aims at showing the appropriate comprehension of English agentive passive. It also aims at disambiguating situation caused by the omission or the retention of the agent besides knowing where to add or remove the agent in passive voice. This study hypothesizes that the importance of information affects the way agent is mentioned in passive constructions.
Meta-discourse Aspects in Joe Biden’s Inauguration Speech
Authors: Hassan Jalal Sadullah
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study is to find the types and to explain meta-discourse strategies used in Joe Biden’s selected speech. The study also tries to analyze the selected data by using the Hyland (2005) method or model in which meta-discourse is sorted in to two main kinds Textual and Interpersonal. The study has reached a number of conclusions; the most significant one is that interpersonal meta-discourse is frequently used by Biden for the purpose of affecting and directing American people. The study tries to have the answers to the following Questions:- 1-What type of meta-discourse markers used in Joe Biden’s selected speech? 2-What are the frequencies of the interactional and interpersonal meta-discourse markers in the selected speech? 3-What are the most important functions of meta-discourse in Biden’s speech?
Dramatising Anti-Racism in Branden Jacob-Jenkin's An Octoroon
Authors: Abdullah Almaaroof Ansam Riyadh , Ali Amaal Mohammed
Published: November 2023

This paper is based on social and literary critique. Literature reflects human existence through expressing a vast spectrum of human emotions, feelings, and behaviours. People can transcend human creativity into something larger than life and beyond their imagination through literary art. Numerous references, scientific investigations, and literary works have been written about Racism. An octoroon by Branden Jacobs-Jenkins is one of the literary works that analyse such phenomena. The researchers are called literary critics since she evaluates and analyse the selected literary work to achieve the study's objectives. The researchers look at this literary endeavour from two angles: intrinsic and extrinsic and then apply the genetic structuralism theory. This paper tries to answer questions such as "Do Blacks in America confront a variety of forms of white racism?" and " What are the important things for Blacks to continue their struggle against racism and win equity?"
(Midadul 'utma) and (Harbul A'maa) From the book “The Last of the Prophecies” by Abdul Haleem Mahouder: A Semiotic Study
Authors: عوض مي عبد الخالق
Published: November 2023

Abdul Haleem Mahouder is a storyteller and visual playwright, and he is one of the founders of the Basra Narrative Workshop and the Silence Film Group. He has many books in which intertextuality was clear, including his book "The Last of the Predictors". The significance of the darkness has a great impact on the same recipient represented in the two stories under study whereby these themes reflect many meanings. The black color, for example, is multi-connotation, and the writer employs it to make the recipient search for this plurality, as well as the white color, which is the opposite of black and other colors. In addition, employing the sense of the eye in exploring danger and confronting come through the psychological dimension and emotional awareness, as it is not intended by the human eye as an organ, but rather the insight that corresponds to the sight and even surpasses it. The writer uses the word "surprise", has a special philosophy and a strong significance in the dialogue. Alienation also has an effective impact on the writer's soul, as there may be self-alienation that affects writer's soul.
Seces Correspondence The Color Of Arjani (Semiotics Study)
Authors: عباد رمضان صالح , حسن مرعي ميعاد سعيد
Published: November 2023

The sense of sight is one of the senses that a person enjoys , distinguishes by them , and enjoys the beauty of being in them, as this sense gives the person the ability to perceive the bright beauty and his gift of the subtle ability to sense colored objects, natural beings and fresh things in which man has found the ability to define their features It also believes that colors are a tangible and exciting phenomenon for them, and their distinction stems from their meanings. Color studies in its subject matter is that it is a space full of suggestion , contemplation, metaphor and sign , It has the largest part of man’s perceptual and natural experiences of the visible world , Poetry and color is a language that searches for generation and emanation , far from the language of the mummified mummy and rigid dictionaries , Rather , it is a language that stores many connotations and visions that need efficient reading that decodes the text's bounds to give the colors in the text an aesthetic depth that refers to the worlds of mental colors with their different associations.
"Strength and weakness coefficient of Arabic letters"
Authors: أحمد الجبوري أيمن عبدالله
Published: November 2023

The phonemic level of linguistics is closer to all other levels of applied sciences; As a physical phenomenon in its origin, as well as finite and countable units; Thus it is easy to describe it mathematically. I had previously had an idea based on a quantitative description of the concepts of strength and weakness in the letters of the Arabic lexicon, by calculating the ratio of strong to weak qualities for each letter and thus showing the ratio of strength, weakness and moderation. With this research in her master's thesis tagged: (Quantitative Description of the Concepts of Strength and Weakness in the Arabic Letters), she did well and completed the research, and came out with good results, which no one has ever reached. Since the purpose of the research is a quantitative representation of the strength, weakness and moderation of each letter; It seemed to me that we treat those values that we obtained for each letter (the percentage of strength and percentage of weakness) with an arithmetic process and come up with one numerical coefficient for each letter that represents the strength, weakness, or moderation of the letter. The researcher did this by making the value of the strength ratio a basis, and comparing the weakness ratio with it according to the following equation (Strength Coefficient = Strength Ratio / Weakness Ratio). Relatively speaking, if the output is greater than (1), the sound is relatively strong. But if the result is equal to (0), the letter is absolutely weak, and if the result is equal to (∞), then the letter is absolutely strong
The Role of Feedback Comments on Online Posts in Learning English Vocabulary and Phrasal Expressions
Authors: Khidhir Rozhgar Jalal , Omer Othman Qadir
Published: November 2023

The study is an exploratory research which generally aims to generate a hypothesis regarding the efficacy of using feedback comments on social network for language learning purpose namely English vocabulary and phrasal expressions based on the university students’ both perception and experience. Teaching and learning have been unceasingly and unwillingly restrained to input exposition in classes without having been considering tie strengthening with the outside, i.e., real world. As teaching and learning a foreign language has been understood as getting involved with the culture, there have always been challenges with the ways how one could have an access to. Additionally, due to social media several methods have been tried out to learn English language better and effectively but less or almost none has yet attended to the use of feedback comments to do so. Therefore, the present study tries to work on the gap and reveal out the role and the strength of using this method to learn or improve English language by getting an in –depth insight in the users’ viewpoint. The study attempts to answer the following questions respectively, (i) what are the students’ perception concerning the use of feedback comments for learning?, (ii) to what extent can feedback comments, from the students’ perspectives, aid to learning English as a foreign language?, (iii) can feedback comments as well as posts on socials networks serve as a worthwhile academic platform for learning English language vocabulary and phrasal expressions? The study aims to gain insights regarding the efficacy of feedback comments on social networks in learning English vocabulary and phrasal expressions. In addition, it intends to unveil the extent to which the input exposition as feedback comments allows for learning English vocabulary and phrasal expressions. A mixed approach for seeking data is used, i.e., qualitative and quantitative. Thus, a structured questionnaire as well as an interview is administered to meet the aims of the study. University students in Kurdistan Region of Iraq at Salahaddin University- Erbil, College of Basic Education are target population of the study. The study concluded the followings, (i) the generation of an explorative hypothesis as EFL vocabulary and phrasal expressions can be efficiently learned due to the interaction with posts and feedback comments on social networks, (ii) having access to experiencing and interacting with so-called virtual authentic culture of English Language due to posts and feedback comments on social networks,
The poem “Idhhar Amwaj” by Al-Nabi, A Linguistic Study
Authors: Yahya Shaymaa Imad
Published: November 2023

Nabi is one of the greatest Turkish poets in the poetry of Nudhum. He was born ın Urfa in 1642 and died ‘n Istanbul in 1712. He is one of the Divan poets and is famous for this style of poetry. Nab’ has vast imaginations in the field of Turkish poetry, for this pen used to write profusely. Most of his poems were based on the principle of poetry for the people. His poetry was in the shape of a rhyming couplets. Nabi was also capable of popular proverbs and aphorisms. He is the one who established a poetic style for himself along with his contemporaries, that is the style of poetry of Nudhum.
The multiplicity of affirmations in the shortest surahs from Surat Al-Duha to Surat Al-Nas
Authors: عبيد خضير العلواني قاسم مخلف
Published: November 2023

There are many aspects of the miracles in the Holy Qur’an, and it was miraculous with its eloquence, rulings and laws, as well as miraculous with its telling of previous nations and some news of later nations as well as multiplicity of cases of rhetoric and its varying levels and methods, we initially chose the topic of “the multiplicity of affirmations in the shortest surahs from Surat Al-Dhaha to Surat Al-Nas.” This study is a huge one and could not be confined in one research as that depend on sources and references. The current study deals with the multiplicity of affirmations in the shortest Surah from Surat Al-Duha to Surat Al-Nas, and endeavor to uncover secrets of these grammatical structures and patterns in the miraculous book of the Holy Qur’an, and highlights the semantic aspects that are related to them, as well as consistency and cohesion between the affirmations and their significance. (Statistical study) from sources and references. I have divided the study into an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction included a definition of the research, its importance and objectives. As for the first topic: - it included the definition of assertion , its types and purposes. The first requirement: - the definition of assertion linguistically and idiomatically, and the second requirement: - types of assertion, and the third requirement: - the purposes and benefits of assertion .. The second topic included: - affirmations in the shortest surah and the first requirement: Affirmations from Surat Al-Dhuha to Surat Al-Bayinah, and the second requirement: - asserting from Surat Al-Zalzalah to Surat Al-Nas.
Vinegar Humor Death in the Diwan of Ibn Shahid Andalusi
Authors: صالح ابراهيم راوي
Published: November 2023

The summary of the research is based on the fact that the political events (the period of sedition) that took place at the beginning of the literary poet’s career, have refined his personality and his poetic flair and prompted him to pay attention to the affairs of people and rulers once and to harmonize with every ruler who enters Cordoba in a hope that he will find in this ruler his desire for the return of Andalusian glory, but he gets disappointed over and over again. And also the strife prompted him to play his literary role in defending the Andalusian character from being lost. The complex of deficiency that accompanied the Andalusian character and its feeling of that towards everything that comes from the East prompted Ibn Shaheed to show this character at the top of its giving, and this was achieved in the critical looks that he came up with, as well as in his poetic philosophy that based on innovation and uniqueness in poetic images. So taking with him depends on changing the poetic image and increasing it, and what his journey in the minions and whirlwinds and the permission of the writers and Oriental poets to show him his superiority and the supremacy of Andalusian literature and that it is an independent literature with its characteristics and poetic arts. Among the characteristics of this superiority were the prose, critical and poetic features of Ibn Shaheed, which are the focus of this study.
The achievement of rhetoric among fifth_grade literary students and the develoment of their contemplative Thinkig
Authors: محمد منصور جاسم
Published: November 2023

The current research aims to know the effect of the question circles strategy on the achievement of rhetoric among fifth-grade literary students and the development of their contemplative thinking. Its sample consists of two experimental and control groups of (60) students, with (30) students in the experimental group and (30) in the control group. The researcher has two research tools: an achievement test for rhetoric subject of the type (multiple-choice) with four alternatives, and he has specified its paragraphs with forty items, and its validity, stability and psychometric properties have been verified. The second tool that is represented by the deep thinking consists of (30) items that are characterized by validity and stability and discrimination power. The researcher has applied statistical methods such as Pearson's t test and t-test for two independent samples, as well as, Alfa, Kronbach and the Statistical Package Program (SPSS) for the social sciences and has reached the following results: 1- There is a statistically significant difference between the averages in favor of the students of the experimental group who have studied rhetoric using the question circles strategy over the students of the control group who have studied the subject according to the usual method. 2- There is a statistically significant difference between the students of the experimental group and the students of the control group in developing reflective thinking and in favor of the experimental group. The researcher has reached a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.