bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the influencing factors and strategies of sorted collection of urban refuse in China
Authors: Bai Yu Fang , Chen Jun , Wu Dong Biao , Song Zao Ming , Gong Chen , Yu Zhi Min , Wu Ke
Published: June 2015

Although the sorted collection of urban refuse in China started later than that in developed countries, it has been sustained 14 years since the implementation of pilot project of waste sorting. However, the waste sorting among cities is still making slow progress and beset with difficulties in China. With a review of the actual situation of waste sorting in China, this article firstly introduced the urban refuse sorted way in China, and then analysed the influencing factors of the sorted collection of urban refuse. At last, we put forward some strategies and suggestions for dealing with the prominent challenges of the sorted collection of urban refuse in China.
Storing an OWL 2 Ontology in a Relational Database Structure
Authors: Gorskis Henrihs , Borisov Arkady
Published: June 2015

This paper examines the possibility of storing OWL 2 based ontology information in a classical relational database and reviews some existing methods for ontology databases. In most cases a database is a fitting solution for storing and sharing information among systems, clients or agents. Similarly, in order to make domain ontology information more accessible to systems, in a comparable way, it can be stored and provided in a database form. As of today, there is no consensus on a specific ontology database structure. The main focus of this paper is specifically on OWL 2 as a basis for the description of ontology centric information in a database. The Web Ontology Language OWL 2 is a language for describing ontology information for the Semantic Web. As such it consists of a list of reserved words and grammatical rules for defining many parts of ontology knowledge. Based on this language specification this paper examines the possibility of storing information in a relational database for the description of domain ontology information. By creating a database structure based on OWL2 it is feasible to obtain an approach to storing information about the domain ontology in an utilizable way, by using its descriptive abilities. Nowadays multiple approaches to storing ontology information and OWL in databases exist; most of them are based on storing RDF data or provide persistence for specific OWL software libraries. The examination of the existing approaches provided in this paper, shows how they differ from the goal of obtaining a general, more easily usable and less software library specific database for domain ontology centric information. This paper describes a version of a simple relational database capable of holding and providing ontology knowledge on demand, which can be implemented on a database management system of choice. 
Land Cover Recognition using Min-Cut/Max-Flow Segmentation and Orthoimages
Authors: Kodors Sergejs
Published: June 2015

The geospatial information is significant for many socio-technical activities like urban planning, the prediction of natural hazards, the monitoring of land use, weather forecasting, cadastral surveys etc. It is possible to acquire geospatial information from a distance using remote sensing technologies, but remotely sensed images don’t have semantics without a previous recognition. The classification of geospatial information is expensive and time consuming process. The paper describes the automatic land cover recognition method, which is based on min-cut/max-flow segmentation. The raw data are othoimages with a high resolution. The proposed method is tested and evaluated by Cohen’s kappa coefficient.
Application of Project Management Information Systems in Efficiency Improvement of Quality Management System
Authors: Berzisa Solvita
Published: June 2015

Project management information systems (PMIS) and quality management system (QMS) are two components in the project oriented organization that helps to achieve required quality of the project product. QMS define quality framework and PMIS helps to ensure quality framework requirement related to the projects. The objective of paper is to evaluate and demonstrate PMIS options for efficiency QMS development and maintenance. QMS requirements are identified according to ISO 9001:2008 standard and PMIS options of efficiency improvement are evaluated according to ISO 9004:2009 self-assessment tool.
The Myths of and Solutions for Android OS Controlled and Secure Environment
Authors: Gorbāns Imants , Kulesovs Ivans , Straujums Uldis , Buls Jānis
Published: June 2015

Android is the most popular mobile operating system nowadays both for smartphones and tablets. This fact creates many not fully recognized risks. Often even advanced users naive think that using antivirus software, firewall, encryption, updates, as well as avoiding potentially risky sites and applications are enough for security. This list is not full, but nevertheless each its item in most cases only conceals an illusion of reaching the security. Authors have summarized and pointed out several actual Android security issues and have proposed a number of possible solutions.

The practical experience as well as direct testing show that part of Android applications may contain a malware. The harmful characteristics of an application often become visible only after some runs, or after an update, or after a harmful web content is downloaded and shown by the application. It is observed that applications often try to get an unauthorized or inattentively authorized access to user data and send it outside the device.

The situation with Android applications gets more and more out of the control. The authors propose a solution to overcome the security issues, while respecting the latest Google solutions. Target group of the proposal are users that use smartphone or tablet both for private and corporate needs, i.e. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) case.

The authors point out and compare four possible Android technical administration solutions based on the unified model for BYOD case. The authors also propose the changes to Android architecture to enhance its security. It is proposed to look at the mobile operating system as a web server. Such principle allows implementing in Android a number of security principles taken from the web servers solutions.
Application Of The Interlaced Sweep Method For The Solution Of Problems In Field Theory
Authors: Ratnieks Aloizs , Uhanova Marina
Published: June 2015

For solution of problems in field theory the method of sweep is very popular. The authors suggest a very effective method of interlaced sweep. The essence of the interlaced sweep method lies in the fact that matrix of the linear algebraic equations system is broken into parts and the solution of separate blocks is sought by direct methods. Usually for each line of the grid a separate block is created. The system of block equations has a tridiagonal matrix where only elements of the main diagonal and two neighboring diagonals are different from zero. The system of equations with such a matrix is easily solved by the method of elimination of unknowns.

By solving the problems by the finite element method, the nodes of touching of neighboring elements can be placed on curved lines, and the sweep on these lines can be performed observing the principle of interlaced sweep. By following this method, the neighboring lines should not belong to the same half-step.
On one Approach for Stable Estimate of Technical System Efficiency
Authors: Guseynov Sharif E. , Urbah Alexander I. , Andreyev Sergey A.
Published: June 2015

In present paper the problem of efficiency evaluation of technical system by measurable structural design parameters is investigated. To accomplish the purpose of considered problem it is constructed the mathematical model in the form of a finite-dimensional operator equation, where desired elements are both influence weights of the calculated structural design parameters and technical effectiveness indicator of the system. First, the constructed model is reduced to the normal system, and then the apparatus of the ill-posed inverse problem theory is used for the reduced problem: a regularizing operator is constructed and an algorithm for finding the regularization parameter is developed. 
Analytic-Numerical Modeling and Investigation of Nanostructures' Dynamics on Material Surfaces After Laser Irradiation
Authors: Žaimis Uldis , Guseynov Sharif E.
Published: June 2015

The work is devoted to modeling the formation and behavior of solid nano-sized particles on the surface of materials. In the simulation, it is assumed that the main processing technology of surface nanostructures is laser irradiation, which causes the Brownian motion of nanoparticles, due mainly to thermal fluctuations: if the temperature around the nanoparticles is uniformly distributed, the time average of the Brownian fluctuations is zero; however, if there is a temperature gradient around the nanoparticles, the thermal fluctuations affect the nanoparticle in different ways from different sides, and there is a force like the thermophoretic force, biasing the average position of the nanoparticle. When building a 1D model of the formation and flow behavior of nanoparticles, three important assumptions are introduced: the impact of nanoparticles on the process of irradiation is negligible; the impact of nanoparticles on each other as compared to the effect of laser irradiation on them is also negligible; and nanoparticles after laser irradiation can move both forward and backward and at every fixed period of time, moving the nanoparticles does not impose any steric constraints. Under the above assumptions, a 1D continuous model is built, implicit and explicit finite difference schemes to solve it are developed; their convergence and order of convergence are studied; an output condition ensuring the stability of the explicit difference scheme is obtained, the unconditional stability of implicit difference scheme is proven, and software for computer implementation of some of the obtained analytical and numerical results developed. 
Modeling of time dependent thermal process in sliding electrical microcontact
Authors: Ilyin Alexander , Plokhov Igor , Savraev Igor , Kozyreva Oksana
Published: June 2015

Temperature has great influence on mechanical, electrical and chemical processes that occur in transition layer of sliding contact. The aim of the research is creating a three-dimensional finite-element model for calculating time dependent thermal process in sliding electrical microcontact.

The article starts with the description of the contact element representing a discrete microcontact and physics in it.  Then the authors suggest use modern simulation software COMSOL Multyphisics for modeling.

The developed 3D-model uses modules of electric currents, heat transfer in solids, and electromagnetic heat source for computing. For each module the assumptions, the initial and boundary conditions are made.

The outcomes of modeling are the transient processes of average overheat in the elements of contact-details surface layers. The transient processes depend on geometric size of the microcontact (size of contact element, height of surface elements, thickness of oxide films, and overlap), contact-details physical properties (density, electrical conductance, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity), external influences (electrical current and friction heat), and temperatures of the neighbor elements.

The results of the research will be used in the numerical simulation model of sliding electrical contact. 
CALCULATION TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE OF THE ROTARY ENGINE
Authors: Zhuravlyov Yu.N. , Semyonov S.N. , Lukyanov J.N. , Perminov A.L. , Tikhonov S.I , Donchenko M.A
Published: June 2015

The principles of calculating the temperature and pressure in the working chambers of the rotary vane engine with an external supply of heat are considered. The mathematical model for calculating the pressure and the temperature in the chamber with heat transfer between the working fluid and the chamber walls is built. The plots of the dependence of the pressure and the temperature in the chamber on the angle of rotation of the output shaft at the minimum and maximum temperature of the walls are obtained.
The Influence of Hidden Neurons Factor on Neural Nework Training Quality Assurance
Authors: Grabusts Peter , Zorins Aleksejs
Published: June 2015

The work shows the role of hidden neurons in the multilayer feed-forward neural networks. The numeric expression of hidden neurons is usually determined in each case empirically. The methodology for determining the number of hidden neurons are described. The neural network based approach is analyzed using a multilayer feed-forward network with backpropagation learning algorithm. We have presented neural network implementation possibility in bankruptcy prediction (the experiments have been performed in the Matlab environment). On the base of bankruptcy data analysis the effect of hidden neurons to specific neural network training quality is shown. The conformity of theoretical hidden neurons to practical solutions was carried out.
On one Mathematical Model for Dynamics of Propagation and Retention of Heat over New Fibre Insulation Coating
Authors: Grickus Armands , Guseynov Sharif E.
Published: June 2015

In circumstances, when it is important to replace insulation materials with high content of emissions during production it is necessary to create new heat and sound insulation material, which eliminates CO2 emissions, develop its production techniques and technological machinery – raw material chopper, pulp mixer, termopress, dryer chamber, formatting knifes, determine technical control parameters and control equipment, develop mathematical model of the material and calculation methods for design works. It is necessary to design, manufacture and experimentally test the respective technological equipment for insulation production pilot plant. To get exact physical parameters it is necessary design, manufacture and test unique laboratory equipment for determining the properties of insulation material. The mathematical model describing the dynamics of propagation and retention of heat over fibre insulation coating by taking "inner" specificities (graininess and porosity of layered structure of the considered fibre insulation) of heat insulator into account is proposed in the present paper.
Modern approaches to reduce webpage load times
Authors: Grocevs Aleksejs , Prokofyeva Nataly
Published: June 2015

Nowadays, many modern websites offer a variety of information services, providing a dynamically generated content for the end user. However, the more users are trying to obtain such content, the slower becomes its loading time in their browsers. This article explains the mentioned problem in detail, as well as examines the roots of this problem.
Husserl's Phenomenology and Two Terms of Noema and Noesis
Authors: Rassi Fatemeh , Shahabi Zeiae
Published: June 2015

In Ideas, Husserl usesthis pair of terms, "Noema" and "Noesis" to refer to correlated elements of the structure of any intentional act. In fact in Ideas, Husserl uses the term ‘Noesis’ to refer to intentional acts or “act-quality” and ‘Noema’ to refer to what, in the Logical Investigationshad been referred to as “act-matter”. He also says that every intentional act has noetic content. This noetic content is that mental act-process which becomes directed towards the intentionally held object. Every act also has a Noematic correlate that which is meant by it. In other words, every intentional act has an "I-pole and an "object-pole. According to Husserl, noesis is the real content, namely, noesis is real character, the part of the act that gives the character to a thing. Noema is the ideal essence of the character. Husserl says also about the noema as the Sinn or sense of the act. Husserl also, refers to full noema. According to Husserl the full noema is the object of the act as meant in the act, the perceived object as perceived, the judged object as judged, and so on. In fact the full noema is a complex structure comprised of at least a noematic sense and a noematic core.
Innovating Science Student-Teacher’s Practicum in Nigeria
Authors: Opara Jacinta A.
Published: June 2015

The training of the science teacher requires both theory and practice. Teaching practice refers to a period of guided teaching during which the teacher-trainee or student-teacher assumes increasing responsibilities for directing the learning of a group of students over a period of some weeks, (about 12 weeks in all). Within this period, the student teacher undergoes a periodical apprenticeship under the guidance of supervisors from the training institutions and the co-operating school harboring the student teacher. In the process they endeavour to marry the theory taught and learnt with practice. The processes help them to acquire the necessary new skills, insights, attitudes and responsibilities which are basic to the teaching career/profession.
Differential histone acetylation in the Amygdala leads to fear memory consolidation and extinction
Authors: Ranjan Vandana , Singh Sanjay , Siddiqui Sarfraj Ahmad , Khan M Y , Prakash Anand
Published: June 2015

In the present study, a fear-conditioning model in rats was used to gauge the changes in the histone acetylation level in the
different nuclei of amygdala during fear memory consolidation and its extinction. It was found by immunohistochemical
examination of Amygdala that during the fear memory consolidation histone H3 acetylation level was significantly
increased in the Central amygdala (CeA), the output of the fear circuitry, as compared to the unconditioned group and
subsequently, when this fear memory was extinguished during fear extinction, the histone H3 acetylation levels decreased
significantly as compared to the conditioned group. However, in another nuclei of the amygdala, the intercalated cells
(ITCs) the Acetyl H3 levels increased during extinction and but not in the conditioned group as compared to the
unconditioned group. The p-ERK and p-CREB levels also significantly varied in the different nuclei of amygdala
between the two groups and showed correlation with the Histone acetylation changes observed in these groups. In
conclusion the present study points out that the memory formation, during fear memory consolidation and its extinction,
may be dependent on differential neuronal activity under epigenetic control through acetylation at k-9 residue of histone
H3, in different regions of the amygdala as evident by the p-ERK and p-CREB activation, which are the markers for
activity of neurons and memory formation.
Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Banana Fiber Reinforced Biocomposite
Authors: Goutam Surya Pratap , Shastri Rajkamal , Yadav J P , Gupta M K , Yadav Anil Kumar , Pawar J S
Published: June 2015

Usual polymer composites are non-biodegradable and pollute the environment. Using natural fibers with polymers
based on renewable resources will allow many environmental issues to be solved. Therefore, world is as of now focusing
on alternate material sources that are environment friendly and biodegradable in nature. Owing to increasing natural
concerns, bio composite produced out of natural fiber and polymeric resin, is one of the late advancements in the
scientific business. This paper is focused on fabrication and mechanical behaviour of natural fiber-reinforced
biocomposite R P E B . It is shown that a property of the fibers also gives important indication regarding their 15 15 40 30
subsequent behaviour as reinforcement in composites.
Science, Technology and Inclusive growth and development of the society
Authors: Singh Rana Pratap
Published: June 2015

The last century has witnessed rapid growth in science and technology, which lead the establishment of industrialisation throughout the world and domination of market economy over the agrarian economy.  More recently, the knowledge economy has emerged over all others, which is also driven by the emerging areas of science and technology data bases. The rapid industrial and urban growth  has resulted to the degraded ecosystems caused by the anthropogenic pollutants and climate change, global warming, deforestation, resource crunch, energy crisis and health hazards are several new threats which have insisted to opt for a sustainable development pathway.

            It has appeared that the role of science and technology for sustainable development, inclusive growth and socio-economic equity needs a thorough review of the existing knowledge and search of new knowledge using interdisciplinary wisdom and skills. This journal will provide such a forum to the students, researchers, professionals, academicians, planners, communicators and administrators globally. In addition to original research papers, short communications and review articles, we have decided to include letters to editor, scientific correspondence, meeting reports and book reviews also in this journal. Contributors may go through the authors guidelines for preparation of their manuscript.

            We believe that this journal will not be just another journal in this field of knowledge, but will fill up a gap existing in the area of science communication to the experts across the various disciplines in science, technology and social sciences.
Individual Green Computing
Authors: Rajoria Annie , Khandelwal Amit , Kohli Narendra
Published: June 2015

In today's world, with the rapid growth in industries in every sector, the environment is at stake without the implementation
of environment friendly practices. However, with the rising prices and climate change, the public and corporate companies
are keen to follow eco friendly measures which will not only conserve energy but also help to sustain balance in the
environment. In this paper, we have presented such measures to be practiced at the individual level. Green computing
refers to the ways in which energy consumption can be reduced, more recyclable products can be manufactured and the
adverse impact on the environment can be diminished. The study and practice of using computing resources efficiently by
the individuals or computer users can be termed as 'individual green computing'. The key to 'individual green computing' is
the creation of awareness at the student as well as the college level about the significance of their pivotal role in this eco
friendly initiative.
Comparative Studies of Target Detection Algorithm for Hyperspectral Imagery
Authors: Nagesha B K , Puttaswamy M R , Hasmitha Dsouza , Kumar G Hemantha
Published: June 2015

Target detection in hyperspectral imagery is a complex process due to many factors. Exploiting the hyperspectral image
for analysis is very challenging due to large information and low spatial resolution. However, hyperspectral target
detection has numerous applications. Hence, it is important to pursue research in target detection. In this paper, a
comparative study of target detection algorithms for hyperspectral imagery is presented along with scope for future
research. A comparative study behind the hyperspectral imaging is detailed. Also, various challenges involved in
exploring the hyperspectral data are discussed.
Assessment and Treatment of Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy- a Physical Therapy Perspective
Authors: Kumar Senthil P , Jamwal Nisha Rani
Published: June 2015

Chemotherapy is recognized as a mainline treatment for all types of cancer, and its most debilitating and dose-limiting complication is Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), the mechanisms of nerve damage of which depends upon the specific chemotherapeutic agent used. Use of non-invasive treatment methods such as physical therapy may provide a valuable therapeutic adjunctive option in patients with CIPN. Physical therapy treatment methods had been shown to produce effective symptom control and enhance quality of life in palliative care. A detailed evidence-based update of literature is provided under evaluation and management of CIPN with a special perspective of physical therapy management using a proposed clinical reasoning-based treatment decision making algorithm so that an Ã¢â‚¬Ëœout of the boxÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ self-reflective evidence-informed critical thinking process is applied along a collaborative multidisciplinary biopsychosocial approach.Ã‚Â Keywords: Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity; Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy; Physical therapy; Palliative rehabilitation
Exhaled Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Hookah Smokers: A Public Health Concern
Authors: Alnashwan Arwa , Hakamy Ali , Gongol Brendan , Alismail Abdullah , Horn Michael , Marin Traci L
Published: June 2015

Current public policy does not reflect health risk awareness associated with hookah smoking. Although, cigaretteÃ‚Â smoking has gained considerable attention accompanied by public restrictions, hookah smoking continues toÃ‚Â increase as an unrestricted, socially acceptable means of recreation. This study identified novel biomarkersÃ‚Â altered by hookah smoking compared to cigarette smoking using exhaled breath condensate collected fromÃ‚Â nonsmokers, hookah smokers and cigarette smokers pre and post smoking. Both cigarette and hookah smokershad higher levels of inflammatory mediators suggestive of inflammasome activation as well as altered expressionÃ‚Â of miR-217 and miR-17, which are known to regulate inflammasome activation and promote oncogenesis. Toassess current public knowledge of risk factors and behaviors associated with hookah smoking, and if knowledgeÃ‚Â of hookah dangers would influence smoking behaviors, the experimental data were integrated into a surveyÃ‚Â emphasizing cancer risk associated with hookah smoking. Survey results indicated that 70% of study participantsÃ‚Â were encouraged to abstain from hookah smoking after gaining knowledge of cancer risk associated with hookah.Ã‚Â The identification of behaviors associated with hookah smoking and novel biomarkers of health risk may influenceits public health regulation and facilitate community health education.
A Cocktail of Specific Inhibitors of HER-2, PI3K, and mTOR Radiosensitises Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Hamunyela Roswita , Serafin Antonio , Hamid Mogammad , Maleka Sechaba , Achel Daniel , Akudugu John
Published: June 2015

Intrinsic tumour radioresistance limits the benefit of radiotherapy. Targeted treatment modalities that are singly effective for triple-negative breast cancer are lacking, partly due to paucity of relevant targets as they are devoidof the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), progesterone receptor (PR), and oestrogen receptor (ER); or to resistance to single-target therapies as a consequence of cellular heterogeneity. Concomitant targeting of cell signaling entities other than HER-2, PR and ER may sensitise triple-negative tumours to radiotherapy. In this study, we investigated the effect of an HER-2 inhibitor (TAK-165) and a dual inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target for rapamycin (mTOR) (NVP-BEZ235) in three human breast cancer cell lines. The potential of simultaneous inhibition of HER-2, PI3K and mTOR with a cocktail of the specific inhibitors TAK-165 and NVP-BEZ235, to radiosensitise human breast cancer cells in vitro was examined using the colony forming assay. Combined inhibition of HER-2, PI3K, and mTOR resulted in significant radiosensitisation in all cell lines, independent of HER-2, ER, or PR status. Radiosensitisation was more prominent in ER- and PR-negative cells expressing higher levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These data suggest that a cocktail of TAK-165 and NVP-BEZ235 could potentially be effective in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
Anatomically Based Geometric Modelling Using Medical Image Data: Methods and Programs
Authors: Wang Monan , Sun Lei , Liu Yuming
Published: June 2015

Geometric modeling software that can realize two-dimensional medical image browsing, preprocessing, and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is designed for modeling human organs. This software performs medical image segmentation using a method that combines the region growing and the interactive segmentation methods. The Marching Cubes surface reconstruction algorithm is used to obtain a 3D geometric model. The program is compiled using Visual Studio 2010. The software is employed to obtain the geometric model of the human femur, hipbone, and muscle. The geometric modeling results can accurately express the structural information of the skeleton and muscle.
Dependence of the Deformation of 128×128 InSb Focal-plane Arrays on the Silicon Readout Integrated Circuit Thickness
Authors: Zhang Xiaoling , Meng Qingduan , Zhang Liwen
Published: June 2015

The square checkerboard buckling deformation appearing in indium antimonide infrared focal-plane arrays
(InSb IRFPAs) subjected to the thermal shock tests, results in the fracturing of the InSb chip, which restricts its final yield.
In light of the proposed three-dimensional modeling, we proposed the method of thinning a silicon readout integrated circuit
(ROIC) to level the uneven top surface of InSb IRFPAs. Simulation results show that when the silicon ROIC is thinned from 300 μm to 20 μm, the maximal displacement in the InSb IRFPAs linearly decreases from 7.115 μm to 0.670 μm in the upward direction, and also decreases linearly from 14.013 μm to 1.612 μm in the downward direction. Once the thickness of the silicon ROIC is less than 50 μm, the square checkerboard buckling deformation distribution presenting in the thicker InSb IRFPAs disappears, and the top surface of the InSb IRFPAs becomes flat. All these findings imply that
the thickness of the silicon ROIC determines the degree of deformation in the InSb IRFPAs under a thermal shock test,
that the method of thinning a silicon ROIC is suitable for decreasing the fracture probability of the InSb chip, and that this
approach improves the reliability of InSb IRFPAs.
The Effect of Age, Gender, Refractive Status and Axial Length on the Measurements of Hertel Exophthalmometry
Authors: Karti Omer , Selver Ozlem B , Karahan Eyyup , Zengin Mehmet O , Uyar Murat
Published: June 2015

Purpose :

To evaluate the normal distribution of exophthalmometric values in Turkish adult population and the effect of age, gender, refractive status and axial length on globe position.

Methods :

One hundred and twenty-two males and 114 healthy females with age ranging from 18 to 87 years were included in the study. The study population was recruited from patients presenting to our institution for routine refractive examination. Hertel exophthalmometer was used to measure the degree of ocular protrusion. Effect of age, refractive error, interpupillary distance, and axial length on globe position was detected with linear regression analyses.

Results :

The mean Hertel exophthalmometric size was 15.7+2.6 mm (range; 11 to 21 mm). The mean value for males was 16.1±2.6 mm (range; 11 to 21 mm), and for females 15.5±2.6 mm (range; 11 to 20 mm). The mean distance between the lateral rims of the orbit was 102 + 5.1 mm (range; 88 to 111mm). The mean exophthalmometric values were not statistically different in males and females. Age and mean spherical equivalents were negatively correlated with exophthalmometric measurements. Axial length was positively correlated with exophthalmometric measurements.

Conclusion :

The exophthalmometric measurement of the eye is affected by the age, spherical equivalent and the axial length. Standard normative values of the Hertel exophthalmometric measurements should be reevaluated with larger samples.
A Before and After Analysis of the Impacts of the Inaguration of a New Metro Station in Naples
Authors: Pagliara Francesca , Troisi Claudio , Pelliccia Luca
Published: June 2015

In this paper a before and after analysis of the impacts of the inauguration of a new metro station in Garibaldi
square in Naples in Italy will be presented. This station is part of Line 1 and it was inaugurated in January 2014.
Moreover, many interventions have been carried out in Garibaldi square, surrounding the station. Therefore a
reorganization of the whole transportation system connecting this new strategic node was necessary.

Two surveys have been undertaken with the objective of understanding these impacts. Indeed the first one aimed at
identifying the present circulation scheme and the one induced by the inauguration of the station. The second one aimed at
quantifying the entity of traffic flows in “critical points”, by counting the vehicles during peak periods. From these
surveys, it has come out that in the peak morning period (7am-10am) 6,000 vehicles have been counted towards the rail
node Garibaldi. This value decreases of almost 15% in the afternoon peak period (12am-3pm) as well as in the evening
one (5pm-8pm). A simulation model has been implemented as well in order to estimate future scenarios promoted by the
local administration. Indeed the access to the square and to the surrounding areas (where the CBD and the historical centre
are placed) changes completely.
Positive solutions to advanced fractional differential equations with nonlocal boundary conditions
Authors: Jankowski Tadeusz
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we study the existence of positive solutions for a class of
higher order fractional differential equations with advanced arguments and
boundary value problems involving Stieltjes integral conditions. The fixed
point theorem due to Avery-Peterson is used to obtain sufficient conditions
for the existence of multiple positive solutions. Certain of our results
improve on recent work in the literature.
Some Facts about Trigonometry and Euclidean Geometry
Authors: Coghetto Roland
Published: June 2015

We calculate the values of the trigonometric functions for angles: [XXX] , by [16]. After defining some trigonometric identities, we demonstrate conventional trigonometric formulas in the triangle, and the geometric property, by [14], of the triangle inscribed in a semicircle, by the proposition 3.31 in [15]. Then we define the diameter of the circumscribed circle of a triangle using the definition of the area of a triangle and prove some identities of a triangle [9]. We conclude by indicating that the diameter of a circle is twice the length of the radius
Diagnostic value of electrocardiogram stress testing in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Badarienė Jolita , Čelutkienė Jelena , Petrikonytė Dovilė , Balsytė Jūratė , Rinkūnienė Egidija , Ryliškytė Ligita , Dženkevičiūtė Vilma , Čypienė Alma , Kizlaitis Romualdas , Puronaitė Roma , Laucevičius Aleksandras
Published: June 2015

Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of exercise stress testing to detect coronary heart disease (CHD) in the group of patients with metabolic syndrome.

Design and methods: 2803 patients without prior diagnosis of CHD and identified metabolic syndrome were investigated. Subjects underwent electrocardiogram (ECG) stress testing and, depending on the results, coronary angiography and/or coronary computed tomography angiography to detect hemodynamically significant stenosis. CHD was confirmed, if lumen narrowing ≥ 50% of coronary arteries was found.

Results: Exercise stress testing was interpreted as positive in 12% patients (71.7% women and 28.3% men). CHD was diagnosed in 45 patients (1.6%), 23 of them had positive exercise stress testing. ECG stress testing was more frequently positive in patients, who had typical/atypical anginal chest pain, dyspnea and/or non-anginal chest pain, in comparison to asymptomatic patients (16.6% vs 8.9%, p <0.001). CHD was more often diagnosed in symptomatic patients compared to patients with no symptoms (6.1% vs 0.7%, p < 0.001, women 5.3% vs 0.6%, p < 0.001, men respectively 8% vs 0.8%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Diagnostic value of exercise stress testing for detecting CHD is limited in population with metabolic syndrome. CHD was more prevalent in patients with chest pain or dyspnea than in asymptomatic patients.
Dietary Mannoheptulose Increases Fasting Serum Glucagon Like Peptide-1 and Post-Prandial Serum Ghrelin Concentrations in Adult Beagle Dogs
Authors: McKnight Leslie , Eyre Ryan , Gooding Margaret , Davenport Gary , Shoveller Anna
Published: June 2015

There is a growing interest in the use of nutraceuticals for weight management in companion animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mannoheptulose (MH), a sugar in avocados that inhibits glycolysis, on energy metabolism in adult Beagle dogs. The study was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial where dogs were allocated to a control (CON, n = 10, 10.1 ± 0.4 kg) or MH containing diet (168 mg/kg, n = 10, 10.3 ± 0.4 kg). Blood was collected after an overnight fast and 1 h post-feeding (week 12) to determine serum satiety related hormones and biochemistry. Resting and post-prandial energy expenditure and respiratory quotient were determined by indirect calorimetry (weeks 4 and 8). Physical activity was measured using an accelerometer (weeks 3, 7, 11). Body composition was assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry (week 12). MH significantly (p < 0.05) increased fasting serum glucagon-like peptide-1 and post-prandial serum ghrelin. MH tended (p < 0.1) to increase fasting serum gastric inhibitory peptide and decrease physical activity. Together, these findings suggest that dietary MH has the ability to promote satiation and lowers daily energy expenditure.
Celiac Disease: Diagnostic Standards and Dilemmas
Authors: Kaswala Dharmesh , Veeraraghavan Gopal , Kelly Ciaran , Leffler Daniel
Published: June 2015

Celiac Disease (CD) affects at least 1% of the population and evidence suggests that prevalence is increasing. The diagnosis of CD depends on providers being alert to both typical and atypical presentations and those situations in which patients are at high risk for the disease. Because of variable presentation, physicians need to have a low threshold for celiac testing. Robust knowledge of the pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease has served as a catalyst for the development of novel diagnostic tools. Highly sensitive and specific serological assays including Endomysial Antibody (EMA), tissue transglutaminase (tTG), and Deamidated Gliadin Peptide (DGP) have greatly simplified testing for CD and serve as the foundation for celiac diagnosis. In addition, genetic testing for HLA DQ2 and DQ8 has become more widely available and there has been refinement of the gluten challenge for use in diagnostic algorithms. While diagnosis is usually straightforward, in special conditions including IgA deficiency, very young children, discrepant histology and serology, and adoption of a gluten free diet prior to testing, CD can be difficult to diagnose. In this review, we provide an overview of the history and current state of celiac disease diagnosis and provide guidance for evaluation of CD in difficult diagnostic circumstances.
General and Local: Averaged k-Dependence Bayesian Classifiers
Authors: Wang Limin , Zhao Haoyu , Sun Minghui , Ning Yue
Published: June 2015

The inference of a general Bayesian network has been shown to be an NP-hard problem, even for approximate solutions. Although k-dependence Bayesian (KDB) classifier can construct at arbitrary points (values of k) along the attribute dependence spectrum, it cannot identify the changes of interdependencies when attributes take different values. Local KDB, which learns in the framework of KDB, is proposed in this study to describe the local dependencies implicated in each test instance. Based on the analysis of functional dependencies, substitution-elimination resolution, a new type of semi-naive Bayesian operation, is proposed to substitute or eliminate generalization to achieve accurate estimation of conditional probability distribution while reducing computational complexity. The final classifier, averaged k-dependence Bayesian (AKDB) classifiers, will average the output of KDB and local KDB. Experimental results on the repository of machine learning databases from the University of California Irvine (UCI) showed that AKDB has significant advantages in zero-one loss and bias relative to naive Bayes (NB), tree augmented naive Bayes (TAN), Averaged one-dependence estimators (AODE), and KDB. Moreover, KDB and local KDB show mutually complementary characteristics with respect to variance.
2D Anisotropic Wavelet Entropy with an Application to Earthquakes in Chile
Authors: Nicolis Orietta , Mateu Jorge
Published: June 2015

We propose a wavelet-based approach to measure the Shannon entropy in the context of spatial point patterns. The method uses the fully anisotropic Morlet wavelet to estimate the energy distribution at different directions and scales. The spatial heterogeneity and complexity of spatial point patterns is then analyzed using the multiscale anisotropic wavelet entropy. The efficacy of the approach is shown through a simulation study. Finally, an application to the catalog of earthquake events in Chile is considered.
Analysis of Two Stroke Marine Diesel Engine Operation Including Turbocharger Cut-Out by Using a Zero-Dimensional Model
Authors: Guan Cong , Theotokatos Gerasimos , Chen Hui
Published: June 2015

In this article, the operation of a large two-stroke marine diesel engine including various cases with turbocharger cut-out was thoroughly investigated by using a modular zero-dimensional engine model built in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The model was developed by using as a basis an in-house modular mean value engine model, in which the existing cylinder block was replaced by a more detailed one that is capable of representing the scavenging ports-cylinder-exhaust valve processes. Simulation of the engine operation at steady state conditions was performed and the derived engine performance parameters were compared with the respective values obtained by the engine shop trials. The investigation of engine operation under turbocharger cut-out conditions in the region from 10% to 50% load was carried out and the influence of turbocharger cut-out on engine performance including the in-cylinder parameters was comprehensively studied. The recommended schedule for the combination of the turbocharger cut-out and blower activation was discussed for the engine operation under part load conditions. Finally, the influence of engine operating strategies on the annual fuel savings, CO2 emissions reduction and blower operating hours for a Panamax container ship operating at slow steaming conditions is presented and discussed.
Sheep Wool as a Construction Material for Energy Efficiency Improvement
Authors: Korjenic Azra , Klarić Sanela , Hadžić Almedina , Korjenic Sinan
Published: June 2015

The building sector is responsible for 40% of the current CO2 emissions as well as energy consumption. Sustainability and energy efficiency of buildings are currently being evaluated, not only based on thermal insulation qualities and energy demands, but also based on primary energy demand, CO2 reductions and the ecological properties of the materials used. Therefore, in order to make buildings as sustainable as possible, it is crucial to maximize the use of ecological materials. This study explores alternative usage of sheep wool as a construction material beyond its traditional application in the textile industry. Another goal of this research was to study the feasibility of replacement of commonly used thermal insulations with natural and renewable materials which have better environmental and primary energy values. Building physics, energy and environmental characteristics were evaluated and compared based on hygrothermal simulation and ecological balance methods. The observations demonstrate that sheep wool, compared with mineral wool and calcium silicate, provides comparable thermal insulation characteristics, and in some applications even reveals better performance.
Thermo-Mechanical Simulations of Rock Behavior in Underground Coal Gasification Show Negligible Impact of Temperature-Dependent Parameters on Permeability Changes
Authors: Otto Christopher , Kempka Thomas
Published: June 2015

A coupled thermo-mechanical model has been developed to assess permeability changes in the vicinity of an underground coal gasification (UCG) reactor resulting from excavation and thermo-mechanical effects. Thereto, we consider a stepwise UCG reactor excavation based on a pre-defined coal consumption rate and dynamic thermal boundary conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that thermo-mechanical rock behavior is mainly driven by the thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, tensile strength and elastic modulus of the surrounding rock. A comparison between temperature-dependent and temperature-independent parameters applied in the simulations indicates notable variations in the distribution of total displacements in the UCG reactor vicinity related to thermal stress, but only negligible differences in permeability changes. Hence, temperature-dependent thermo-mechanical parameters have to be considered in the assessment of near-field UCG impacts only, while far-field models can achieve a higher computational efficiency by using temperature-independent thermo-mechanical parameters. Considering the findings of the present study in the large-scale assessment of potential environmental impacts of underground coal gasification, representative coupled simulations based on complex 3D large-scale models become computationally feasible.
Spatial Variation in the Mercury Concentration of Muscle Myomeres in Steaks of Farmed Southern Bluefin Tuna
Authors: Ross Kirstin , Edwards John
Published: June 2015

Mercury concentration in the muscular tissue of farmed southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii (SBT) is known to vary. Data suggests that mercury concentration is negatively correlated with the lipid concentration of tissues. Those areas that accumulate higher levels of lipid are noted to have a lower mercury concentration than lean tissues. Here we further delineate variation in mercury concentration within SBT muscular tissues by determining the concentration of mercury in the muscle myomeres (those sections within whole muscles) of transverse sectional steaks of farmed SBT. Mercury concentration in myomeres is observed to significantly decrease with dorsal and ventral distance from the spine or lateral line of fish. By extension, evidence is provided for the variation of mercury concentration within tissue cuts present in SBT steaks. This paper provides the first documentation of variation in mercury concentration within muscular tissue of fish.
Effects of Varying Particle Sizes and Different Types of LDH-Modified Anthracite in Simulated Test Columns for Phosphorous Removal
Authors: Zhang Xiangling , Chen Qiaozhen , Guo Lu , Huang Hualing , Ruan Chongying
Published: June 2015

A comparative study was carried out for the removal of phosphorus in simulated unplanted vertical-flow constructed wetlands with different layered double hydroxide (LDHs) coated anthracite substrates. Three particle sizes of anthracites were selected and modified separately with nine kinds of LDH coating. The simulated substrates test columns loaded with the original and modified anthracites were constructed to treat the contaminated water. For the medium and large particle size modified anthracite substrates, the purification effects of total phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus and phosphate were improved by various degrees, and the purification effect of the medium particle size anthracite is better than that of the large size one. The medium size anthracite modified by ZnCo-LDHs had optimal performance with average removal efficiencies of total phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus and phosphate reaching 95%, 95% and 98%, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity on ZnCo-LDHs and ZnAl-LDHs modified medium sizes anthracites were 65.79 (mg/kg) and 48.78 (mg/kg), respectively. In comparison, the small size anthracite is not suitable for LDHs modification.