bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of textile durability on the efficacy of three types of dual-active-ingredient long- lasting insecticidal nets: A secondary analysis on malaria prevalence and incidence from a cluster-randomized trial in north-west Tanzania
Authors: Lukole Eliud , Cook Jackie , Mosha Jacklin F , Mallya Elizabeth , Aziz Tatu , Kulkarni Manisha A , Matowo Nancy S , Martin Jacklin , Rowland Mark , Kleinschmidt Immo , Manjurano Alphaxard , Mosha Franklin W , Protopopoff Natacha
Published: January 2024

Background
The Dual-Active Ingredient long-lasting insecticidal nets (Dual-AI LLIN) have been developed to counteract the reduced efficacy of pyrethroid (PY)-only nets due to widespread pyrethroid insecticide resistance in malaria vector mosquitoes. They constitute half of the nets distributed in sub-Saharan Africa in the past two years. However, their effectiveness once they develop holes is unclear, particularly in pyrethroid-resistant settings. This study evaluates the textile integrity of three dual- AI LLINs compared to standard PY LLN, over 3 years of use in a community in Tanzania and the associated impact on malaria prevalence and incidence.
Methods
Between 2019 and 2022, we conducted a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in North-western Tanzania to evaluate the effectiveness of α-cypermethrin only; pyriproxyfen and α-cypermethrin (PPF-PY); chlorfenapyr and α-cypermethrin (chlorfenapyr-PY); and the synergist piperonyl butoxide and permethrin (PBO-PY) LLINs on malaria infection prevalence and case incidence. We assessed the association between the net textile condition and 1/malaria prevalence over 3 years of use, and 2/malaria case incidence in a cohort of children over 2 years of follow-up.
Results
There was no significant association between damaged (OR: 0.98, 95%CI: 0.71-1.37, p-value=0.6550) and too-torn (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 0.77-1.47, p-value=0.6940) compared to intact nets on malaria prevalence for all net types. However, there were reduced rates of malaria case incidence in children sleeping under a net in good condition compared to extremely torn nets (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0·76 [95%CI: 0.63-0.92], p=0.0047). Malaria incidence was also consistently lower in too-torn PBO-PY LLIN (IRR= 0.37 [95%CI: 0.19-0.72], p= 0.0033) and Chlorfenapyr-PY LLIN (IRR= 0.45 [95%CI: 0.33-0.97], p= 0.0525) compared to a intact PY-only LLIN during the first year of follow up. In year 2, the incidence was only significantly lower in intact Chlorfenapyr-PY LLIN (IRR= 0.49 [95%CI: 0.29-0.81], p= 0.0059) compared to intact PY LLIN.
Conclusion
Our study confirmed that sleeping under a Chlorfenapyr-PY LLIN or PBO-PY LLIN offered superior protection to pyrethroid-only nets even when torn. Care of the net is essential to reduce the development of holes as they impact the level of protection offered against malaria infection.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, number (NCT03554616)
Prevalence of Hypertension in Pregnancy and Its Associated Sociodemographic Factors Among Mothers Aged 15-49 Years Old in Malaysia
Authors: Ratnam Kishwen Kanna Yoga , Suliman Mohd Azmi Bin , Sui Wan Kim , Tok Peter Seah Keng , Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Bin Mohd
Published: January 2024

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) pose a substantial public health concern, ranking among the primary contributors to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, impacting around 5-10% of pregnancies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HDP and its associated risk factors among mothers aged 15-49 who recently gave birth within the last two years, throughout Malaysia, informing effective public health and primary care interventions.
Methods: This study was a part of the national survey on maternal and child health (MCH) also known as the NHMS 2022: MCH. This was a cross-sectional study using two stage stratified random sampling design. Data of mothers aged 15 – 49 years old who recently gave birth within the last two years were selected in this study. This survey utilised a set of structured validated questionnaires administered via face-to-face interviews (using a mobile device). Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the associated risk factors for hypertension.
Results: Among 6 335 participants recruited for this study with estimated population of 782, 550, the prevalence of HDP among Malaysian mother aged 15 -49 years old who recently gave birth within the last two years was 6.52% (95% CI: 5.76, 7.37). Multiple logistic regression shows that factors that have a significant association with hypertension were maternal age and ethnicity. Advanced maternal age had higher odds of hypertension compared to those below 35 years old, with an OR of 2.19 (95% CI = 1.64, 2.94). When compared to the Malays, Indians had lower odds of hypertension (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.99).
Conclusion: This knowledge is important for the early diagnosis and management of HDP to avoid adverse health outcomes in perinatal and postnatal mothers.
Silencing of LINC00221 Suppresses Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Invasion through miR-34c-5p/Snai1 and Regulation of Actin and Cytoskeletal Dynamics Proteins
Authors: Leung Dexter Hoi Long , Hassanudin Siti Ayuni , Sivalingam Mageswary , Abidin Syafiq Anawi Zainal , Ponnampalam Stephen Navendran , Ogawa Satoshi , Radhakrishnan Ammu K. , Kamarudin Muhamad Noor Alfarizal
Published: January 2024

The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating cell motility in glioblastoma (GBM) remains largely unexplored as compared to other cancers. Our bioinformatic analyses of the microarray data of upregulated lncRNAs predicted the oncogenic role of LINC00221 in GBM cell motility. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis confirmed that LINC00221 was upregulated in different GBM cell lines. While the transient silencing of LINC00221 decreased the A172 cell viability, the cell scratch closure in LN18 and T98G was suppressed. This was followed by reduced cell migration in both LN18 and T98G, but only decreased cell invasion in the latter. Furthermore, Snail and N-cadherin were only decreased in the LINC00221 silenced T98G (T98Gsi − LINC00221) but not LN18. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis predicted miR-34c-5p as a potential miRNA target downstream of LINC00221 and upstream of Snai1, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved, we identified the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) from the proteome profiling of T98Gsi − LINC00221 and miR-34c-5p mimic transfection (T98GmiR − 34c−5p). Further enrichment of the DEPs in both T98Gsi − LINC00221 and T98GmiR − 34c−5p unveiled enriched pathways associated with the regulation of actin and cytoskeletal dynamics proteins. In summary, our findings establish the oncogenic role of LINC00221 in promoting both T98G and LN18 cell motility. Although LINC0221 exhibited the involvement of a Snai1-dependant mechanism, which is potentially modulated by miR-34c-5p in T98G, proteomic analysis further supported the regulation cell motility via the actin and cytoskeletal-related proteins following LINC00221 silencing in both GBM cells.
Risk Factors of Post-Partial Hepatectomy Acute Myocardial Infarction ： A Retrospective Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database Study
Authors: Li Pei , Wang Yifan , Zhou Qi , Shirong Chen , Xu Nuo , Gan Lu , Yang Qinfeng , Li Cai , Ling Wei
Published: January 2024

Background
The aftermath of partial hepatectomy often results in a severe condition known as acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which may lead to death and frequently necessitates coronary angiography-directed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Despite this, the occurrence and factors associated with AMI following partial hepatectomy have not been comprehensiveky investigated using a nationwide database.
Methods
This study utilized data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, covering the years 2015 to 2019, involving 81,735 patients who underwent partial hepatectomy and were categorized into two groups according to the occurrence of AMI. Patient demographics (age, sex, and race), hospital characteristics (type of admission and payer, and bed size, teaching status, and location), length of stay (LOS), total charges during hospitalization, in-hospital mortality, comorbidities, and perioperative complications were analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to ascertain independent predictors of acute myocardial infarction following partial hepatectomy.
Results
A total of 81,735 partial hepatectomies was identified from the National Inpatient Sample, with an overall incidence of in-hospital AMI post partial hepatectomy of 0.8%. Except for 2015, the annual incidence rate of AMI exhibited a downward trend from 2016 to 2019. Patients with AMI after partial hepatectomy were associated with prolonged hospitalization, overall expenses, usage of Medicare, and in-hospital mortality. Factors associated with AMI comprised advanced age (≥ 80 years), multiple comorbidities (n ≥ 6), coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, coagulopathy, fluid and electrolyte disorders, neurological disorders and paralysis. Furthermore, AMI was associated with cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, acute renal failure, pulmonary embolism, stroke, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, and pneumonia.
Conclusion
The present study revealed a relatively low occurrence of in-hospital AMI following partial hepatectomy, coupled with unfavorable outcomes. Exploring the risk factors associated with AMI post-partial hepatectomy is essential for optimal treatment and mitigating potential adverse outcomes.
Trial registration retrospectively registered
Memory at Will: Investigating Voluntary Utilization of Visual Working Memory Capacity
Authors: Kvitelashvili Shalva , Kessler Yoav
Published: January 2024

While a vast amount of research has focused on understanding the capacity limits of visual working memory (VWM), little is known about how VWM resources are employed in unforced behavior and how they correlate with individual capacity constraints. We present a novel, openly available and easy to administer paradigm, that enables participants to utilize their VWM capacity freely. Participants had to reconstruct an array of colored squares. In each trial they were allowed to alternate between the memory array and the reconstruction screen as many times as they wished, each time choosing how many items to reconstruct. This approach allowed us to estimate the number of utilized items, as well as the accuracy of the reconstruction. In addition, VWM capacity was measured using a change detection task. In two experiments we show that participants tend to under-utilize their VWM resources, performing well below their capacity limits. Surprisingly, while the extent to which participants utilized their VWM was highly reliable, it was uncorrelated with VWM capacity, suggesting that VWM utilization is limited due to strategic considerations rather than capacity limits.
Genetic dissection of QTLs linked to seed yield and its contributing traits in horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum)
Authors: Katoch Megha , Rana Maneet , Sharma T R , Chahota Rakesh Kumar
Published: January 2024

With continuous increase in world’s population, the main challenge among breeders is to increase food production with endurable utilization of available natural resources to accomplish a goal of zero hunger. Cultivating the nutritious underutilized crops could be a significant approach to address the issues of nutritional insecurity. Among 39 crops identified by FAO, horsegram is also considered as an important “Future Smart Food”. It has attracted interest amongst the scientific community due to its unparallel nutritional and pharmaceutical properties. Improving seed yield and related traits are main objectives of plant breeders for enhancing productivity in the crops. Horsegram lacks the information on the genetic structure of its yield contributing traits. The present study was aimed to dissect the quantitative trait loci of seed yield and its associated traits in horsegram by utilizing linkage map already developed in our lab of intraspecific F8 RIL population of 162 individuals derived from HPKM249×HPK4 cross. Phenotypic data of different years and locations were used to identify QTLs for yield related traits by composite interval mapping (CIM). A total of six QTLs (LOD ≥ 2.5) were detected across different environments for seed size, seeds per plant, pods per plant and yield per plant. These were major QTLs with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) greater than ten percent and one of them was stable QTL across different locations and years. Phenotypic variation explained by QTLs ranged from 10.8 to 20.16 per cent thus they are of economic importance.
Estimation of Vs30 and site classification of Bhaktapur District using Microtremor Array Measurement
Authors: Prajapati Roshan , Dhonju Salim , Bijukchhen Subeg Man , Shigefuji Michiko , Takai Nobuo
Published: January 2024

The past earthquakes have depicted the strong need for the study of seismic behavior of sediments. Shear wave velocity directly relates to elastic shear modulus of the material and helps to incorporate the behavior of the soil in a design of structure which can be determined invasively as well as non-invasively. Multi-sensory Microtremor Array Measurement (MAM) is one of the non-intrusive methods of determining a subsurface soil characteristic by analyzing ambient vibration of the ground. In this method several geophones either in a linear or grid configuration are deployed on a firm ground surface for recording the ambient vibration. The ambient vibration data obtained by employing seismometer array of different sizes can then be jointly processed to obtain the single combined dispersion curve for a site. We determined averaged shear wave velocity (Vs30) of Bhaktapur district by two ways using non-invasive method of MAM using dispersion curve. The first method lies in obtaining Vs30 from dispersion curve directly and the second method extracts Vs30 from the inversion process using Genetic Algorithm. The first approach is direct and doesn’t require any prior knowledge of geology of site while the later one gives the velocity structure for the study area. The Vs30 thus obtained was tallied with previous works which illustrated a good correlation. The Vs30 at the south eastern part of the study area is higher than in other parts of the study area. Similarly, Vs30 at the western part of the study area is lower. The soil of the study area is found to be composed of both hard and soft soil but it is categorized as type D soil (i.e. very soft soil sites) in the new building code of Nepal. Also, the Vs30 from first method had high correlation so was used for the classification of soil of the study area based on NEHRP site classification system. As per this classification system, the study area lies in a site class C, D and E respectively.
Utilizing Anthocyanin Incorporated Chitosan-Neem Gum Nanocomposites for Smart and Active Food Packaging Solutions
Authors: Soman Vishnu , Poddar Maneesh Kumar
Published: January 2024

The present work explores the potential of chitosan-neem gum nanocomposite films for potential application in active and smart food packaging. The incorporation of anthocyanin pigment allows consumers to visually assess the spoilage of packaged food. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals a uniform structure and even nanoclay dispersion in cross-linked films, highlighting the effectiveness of ultrasound in dispersing components within the matrix. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms successful cross-linking of chitosan and neem gum. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrates improved thermal stability in cross-linked films, a valuable trait for thermal sensitive packaging. Tensile testing indicates that neem gum content influences film flexibility, while cross-linking enhances strength and rigidity. The reduced water vapor permeability in cross-linked films extends shelf life. Swelling index data suggests film stability, and antimicrobial assays underline the potential for further optimization. This research highlights the promise of anthocyanin-incorporated chitosan-neem gum nanocomposite films in food packaging with significant scope for further developments.
Simultaneous profiling of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and selected phytohormones in plant tissues using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Karady Michal , Hladík Pavel , Cermanová Kateřina , Jiroutová Petra , Antoniadi Ioanna , Casanova-Sáez Rubén , Ljung Karin , Novák Ondřej
Published: January 2024

Background: Gaseous phytohormone ethylene levels are directly influenced by the production of its immediate non-volatile precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Owing to the strongly acidic character of the ACC molecule, its quantification has been difficult to perform. Here, we present a simple and straightforward validated method for accurate quantification of not only ACC levels, but also major members of other important phytohormonal classes – auxins, cytokinins, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid and salicylic acid from the same biological sample.
Results: The presented technique facilitates the analysis of 15 compounds by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. It was optimized and validated for 10 mg of fresh weight plant material. The extraction procedure is composed of a minimal amount of necessary steps. Accuracy and precision were the basis for evaluating the method, together with process efficiency, recovery and matrix effects as validation parameters. The examined compounds comprise important groups of phytohormones, their active forms and some of their metabolites, including six cytokinins, four auxins, two jasmonates, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. The resulting method was used to examine their contents in selected Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lines.
Conclusion: This profiling method enables a very straightforward approach for indirect ethylene study and explores how it interacts, based on content levels, with other phytohormonal groups in plants.
Title: FAM83B Regulates Mitochondrial Metabolism and Anti-Apoptotic Activity in pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Li Panpan , Sun Limin , Zhang Jing , Yue Ke , Wang Yan , Wu Xiaojuan
Published: January 2024

Background: Chemotherapy is an effective therapeutic modality; nevertheless, a significant proportion of patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) demonstrate resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the potential regulatory mechanisms to develop novel treatment strategies.
Methods: Multiple assays, such as CCK8, wound healing, EdU, and transwell assays, were employed to confirm the augmented chemotherapy resistance, heightened cell proliferation, migration, and invasion caused by FAM83B overexpression in LUAD cells. Furthermore, MIMP, MTG, and ATP assays were utilized to quantify changes in mitochondria metabolism. In vitro functional assays were performed to evaluate the influence of FAM83B overexpression on the malignant progression and resistance mechanisms to chemotherapy in LUAD.
Results: In the context of this study, it was determined that LUAD patients with increased FAM83B expression had shorter survival times, and tissue samples with FAM83B overexpression were more prone to metastasis compared to primary samples. As a result, FAM83B is identified as an adverse prognostic marker. The mechanistic analysis demonstrated that FAM83B impedes the translocation of calbindin 2 (CALB2) from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria, resulting in the inhibition of apoptosis and the promotion of mitochondrial activity. Consequently, this ultimately confers resistance to chemotherapy in LUAD. Furthermore, the administration of metformin, which blocks mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), can restore sensitivity to drug resistance in LUAD.
Conclusions: Taken together, these findings provide substantial evidence supporting the notion that FAM83B enhances chemotherapy resistance in LUAD through the upregulation of mitochondrial metabolism and the inhibition of apoptosis.
LDLR c.415G>A causes familial hypercholesterolemia by weakening LDLR binding to LDL
Authors: Wang Kaihan , Hu Tingting , Tai Mengmeng , Shen Yan , Chai Haocheng , Lin Shaoyi , Chen Xiaomin
Published: January 2024

Background
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a prevalent hereditary disease that can cause aberrant cholesterol metabolism. In this study, we confirmed that c.415G > A in LDLR, an FH-related gene, is a deleterious mutation in FH by in silico analysis and functional experiments.
Methods
The proband and his family were evaluated by the diagnostic criteria of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were used to explore and validate FH-related mutations. In silico analyses were used to evaluate the pathogenicity of the candidate mutation and its impact on protein stability. Molecular and biochemical methods were performed to examine the effects of the LDLR c.415G > A mutation in vitro.
Results
Four of six participants had a diagnosis of FH according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network. The LDLR c.415G > A mutation in the family was predicted to be pathogenic. qPCR and western blotting suggested that LDLR c.415G > A does not affect the expression of LDLR. Functional studies showed that this mutation may lead to dyslipidemia by impairing the binding and absorption of LDLR to LDL.
Conclusion
LDLR c.415G > A is a pathogenic mutation in FH; it causes a significant reduction in LDLR's capacity to bind LDL, resulting in impaired LDL uptake. These findings expand the spectrum of mutations associated with FH.
A Single-center Retrospective Report Therapies and Treatment Responses for Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Children: Is Blood Purification Beneficial?
Authors: Yu Lihua , Lin Danna , Wu Li , Huang Lulu , Lai Xiaorong , Zhang Yajie , Zi Juan , Zhang Jingxin , Liao Xu , Liang Lichan , Zhang Guanmei , Yang Liucheng , Yang Lihua
Published: January 2024

Background
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe and life-threatening systemic inflammatory disorder. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different therapies and identify early treatment responses as potential indicators to adjust subsequent treatments.
Methods
A retrospective review of HLH patients was conducted at Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou, China) from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2022. The study used Cox regression to identify prognostic risk factors. Causal mediation analysis assessed the impact of various treatments on overall survival, specifically through the mediator of complete remission at 4 or 8 weeks.
Results
The study involved 102 patients, with 31 receiving HLH-94 protocol treatment and 22 receiving HLH-04. Among 78 pediatric intensive care unit patients, 13 underwent blood purification alone, while 22 underwent blood purification with HLH-94/04 protocol treatment. Central nervous system involvement, elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, and blood purification alone were associated with poor prognoses (P < 0.05). Achieving complete remission at 4 or 8 weeks is a positive prognostic indicator(P < 0.05). HLH-94/04 protocol treatments had higher survival rates (81.3% and 76.6%) than blood purification alone or combined with HLH-94/04 protocol treatments, which had significantly lower survival rates (23.4% and 15.4%). Patients who achieved complete remission at 4 or 8 weeks had a higher survival rate of 90.7% and 92.3%, respectively. Conversely, Partial or no response at 4 or 8 weeks had a significantly lower survival rate of 2.9% and 3.4%, respectively. Compared to HLH-94 protocol treatment, blood purification alone has a 33.28% effect mediated by inducing complete remission at 4 weeks, which decreases to 26.56% at 8 weeks. Blood purification combined with HLH-94/04 protocol treatment with higher mediation effect was 79.88% at 4 weeks compared to 51.95% at 8 weeks.
Conclusion
HLH-94/04 protocol treatments resulted in complete remission and improved survival rates compared to blood purification alone in pediatric HLH patients. Further investigation is necessary to determine the efficacy of blood purification in combination with these treatments. Comparing complete remission at 4 weeks to that at 8 weeks may be a better mediator on overall survival.
Multi-target and control group selection for multi-explanatory multi-output regression problem
Authors: Szűcs Gábor , Németh Marcell , Kiss Richárd
Published: January 2024

The problem of multi-output learning involves the simultaneous prediction of multiple outputs based on given inputs. This paper focuses on addressing this challenge, assuming that we can only monitor a subset of variables. This resource constraint led to a definition of a new kind of problem, that we call Multi-Explanatory Multi-Output Regression (MEMOR) task. The goal of MEMOR is to select explanatory variables that minimize the prediction error for target variables. The central question pertains to the optimal choice of a given number of variables to maximize the goodness of the regression. We propose two greedy approaches for identifying good explanatory variables, along with a linear approximation as a baseline. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms, we compared the resulting explanatory variables with the optimal set obtained through an exhaustive search. Our greedy algorithms surpass the linear method with better regression results, while they are faster than the exhausted method. Both the MEMOR problem and the methods developed for it are well-suited for multi-dimensional data analysis with resource constraints.
RETRACTED: Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in diagnosis of unexplained distal Common Bile Duct stricture
Authors: Samir Ahmed , Abbasy Mohammed , Zakaria Talaat , Allam Mahmoud , Badr Reda , Zaghla Hassan
Published: January 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The impact of Community Services on Geriatric Depression: A ten-year follow-up study
Authors: Li Xiaowen , Chen Shuhu , Zhang Jun
Published: January 2024

Background This study explores whether the impact of environmental factors (Community Service) on Geriatric Depression is mediated by Psychological Resilience and moderated by the COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism. Methods Data were obtained from 13,512 Chinese individuals aged 65 and above, comprising a nationally representative sample from the 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). The study employed a Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) to examine the relationship between community service and geriatric depression, including the mediating effect of psychological resilience and the moderating role of the COMT Val158Met gene polymorphism in this relationship. Results Lower levels of community service at earlier assessments were significantly associated with more severe geriatric depression in subsequent evaluations.Psychological resilience was found to partially mediate the relationship between community service and geriatric depression.Differential impacts were observed among various gene genotypes; specifically, the Val genotype demonstrated a significantly greater influence of community service on subsequent psychological resilience and on subsequent depression compared to the Met genotype. Conclusion Enhancement in Community Service can predict subsequent Geriatric Depression. The influence of community service on depression is partly mediated by its impact on psychological resilience, with genetics modulating the pathway from community service through psychological resilience to depression. Multidisciplinary interventions focused on enhancing community service quality, boosting psychological resilience, and mitigating depression are likely to benefit the elderly's emotional and psychological well-being.
RETRACTED: Empirical and Theoretical Relationship between FinTech and Accounting Practices: Evidence from Mena Countries
Authors: Al-Smadi Arkan , Al-Smadi Raed
Published: January 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Reed Fiber as a Sustainable Filler for Tuning the Biodegradability of Polylactic acid Composites
Authors: Xu Jia , Li Yuan , Hu Qing , Wang Yingsai , Zhang Zhiqiang , Feng Kunpeng , Xie Jixing
Published: January 2024

Reed fiber/polylactic acid (PLA/RF) blends with various proportions were prepared through melt blending, and the corresponding films were prepared by blow molding. The biodegradability of PLA/RF films with varying RF contents was investigated in the presence of proteinase K. The crystallization behavior, surface morphology, and functional group changes of the samples during enzymatic degradation were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Meanwhile, we investigated the influence of reed fiber on the biodegradation behavior of test samples in different environments. The results showed that RF could enhance the degradation of PLA. Additionally, the inclusion of reed fiber significantly improved the hydrophilicity of the composites and reduced the crystallinity of PLA, thereby impacting the degradation rate of the composites. The weight loss rates of PLA/RF10, PLA/RF20, and PLA/RF30 were 12.01%, 14.17%, and 19.92% after 12 months under soil burial degradation conditions. The results of composting degradation also confirmed that reed fiber contributed to the disintegration behavior and biodegradation rate of the materials. The modification of RF and PLA blends to regulate the degradation rate of composites holds great promise for practical application.
The association between cadmium exposure and axonal injury biomarker, serum neurofilament light chain levels in US adults
Authors: Luo Jing , Lin Song
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims: Cadmium exposure has been shown a toxic effect on the nervous system, but little is known regarding the link between cadmium exposure and axonal injury. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether there is a relationship between blood cadmium and serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in the general population.
Methods and Results: In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014, 1,040 participants with a median (IQR) age of 47 (35–60) years are enrolled. Serum NfL levels are measured using a highly sensitive immunoassay. Whole blood cadmium concentrations are detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Linear regression and restricted cubic spline models are used to analyze the strength and shape of the relationship between blood cadmium and serum NfL levels. In full adjusted model, blood cadmium levels are positively associated with serum NfL levels (Q4 vs Q1, β = 3.35, 95%CI: 0.41, 6.30, p for trend = 0.014). A potential linear positive dose-effect relationship is found between blood cadmium and serum NfL levels (p for non-linearity = 0.15), and the potential threshold dose of blood cadmium is 0.7 µg/L. The stratified analysis shows a significant positive relationship between blood cadmium and serum NfL levels is limited to middle-aged and older adults.
Conclusion: The present study suggests a positive association between blood cadmium and serum NfL levels in the general US population. This study is expected to provide new ideas for the primary prevention and mechanism exploration of neurodegenerative diseases.
Quality Evaluation and Health Implications of Natural Spring Water from a District in Outer Himalayas: A Case Study for Murree, Pakistan
Authors: Anjum Mavia , Siddique Naila , Younis Hannan , Faiz Yasir , Shafique Munib Ahmed , Anjum Mahnoor , Abbas Ansar , Younas Muzammil
Published: January 2024

Murree is the most visited tourist destination in Pakistan. The rural population of Murree uses natural spring water for drinking, household use, and irrigation. This study assessed the elemental concentration of water from 20 natural springs in Murree using ICP-OES. The mean concentration of these elements varied in the following order: Ca > Na > Mg > Si > K > Se > Sr > Ba > Al > B > Li > Zn > Fe > Ni > Cr. Principal component analysis was used to assess the correlation between the sites. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to find the correlation among the metals and altitude. To assess the metal pollution levels in Murree’s natural spring water, metal index was calculated for Al, Ba, Cr, Ni, Fe, Zn, Sr, Mg, and Ca, respectively. The metal index revealed that the pollution levels in the natural spring water of Murree are low. The health hazards posed by exposure to these metals were quantified for ingestion and dermal contact. The spatial distribution was assessed using inverse distance weighting interpolation. The average daily dose was calculated for Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Sr, Zn, Li, and Ni exposure for both adults and children. The average daily dose results showed that ingestion is the primary exposure pathway, with children having a higher risk. Ca has the highest ADD via ingestion and dermal contact, while Cr has the lowest for both adults and children. The study quantified potential noncarcinogenic health hazards from metal exposure in Murree spring water by calculating the hazard quotient and hazard index for two pathways. Barium had the highest HQing, HQder, and HI values, while Fe had the lowest. The study assessed the quality of water for irrigation in Murree's natural spring water using the sodium absorption ratio, magnesium absorption ratio, percentage sodium, Kelly's ratio, and salinity hazard. The study concluded that the spring water of Murree has low concentrations of heavy metals; their concentration is dependent upon the geology of the study area and is good for drinking and irrigation.
Impact of a structured training and support program on junior doctors’ participation in clinical audits
Authors: Anderson Joseph , Carton Eleanor , Silva Ana Sergio Da
Published: January 2024

BackgroundDespite the large number of medical graduates who start their career as interns only a few interns are involved in Clinical Audits and quality improvement due to the lack of audit related teaching and a structured program to guide interns through the audit process.CATS Program InitiativeThe clinical audit Training and Support (CATS) Program is an initiative to educate interns and promote their participation in Clinical Audits and quality improvement through the implementation of a learner centred curriculum that values self-directed, experiential and situated learning. The CATS program was to run over a period of 3 months. During that time, the interns enrolled in the program were expected to have successfully completed one PDSA cycle of clinical audit.MethodologyA non-randomized quasi experimental pre-test post-test study was designed to assess the effect of the CATS program in improving the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of the interns towards clinical audits and quality improvement. This was a survey study using questionnaire prior to the initial lecture and 3 weeks later. A voluntary convenient sampling was used as the CATS program was a non-mandatory training initiative for the interns.ResultsThere were 31 and 30 Interns who rotated through various medical and surgical jobs. Following ethical approval, the initial lecture on the audit was delivered on 08.09.22, and the post-test was 2 weeks later. The post-test knowledge score following the initial lecture was significantly higher than the pre-test score. The attitude of interns towards clinical audit and quality improvement were neutral and remained unchanged following the CATS initiative. Higher proportion of interns were actively involved in clinical audits following the CATS initiative.ConclusionAudit-related teaching to junior doctors at the beginning of their career as hospital doctors can help them recall audit-related knowledge and learn local quality improvement policies. Although junior doctors want to be involved in quality improvement initiatives, their attitude towards clinical audits remains neutral due to lack of time, training and support. A structured training and support program for junior doctors promotes their participation in quality improvement initiatives and improves service outcome measures.
Grimoire is All You Need for Enhancing Large Language Models
Authors: Chen Ding , Song Shichao , Yu Qingchen , Li Zhiyu , Wang Wenjin , Xiong Feiyu , Tang Bo
Published: January 2024

In-context Learning (ICL) is one of the key methods for enhancing the performance of large language models on specific tasks by providing a set of few-shot question and answer examples. However, the ICL capability of different types of models shows significant variation due to factors such as model architecture, volume of learning data, and the size of parameters. Generally, the larger the model's parameter size and the more extensive the learning data, the stronger its ICL capability. In this paper, we propose a method SLEICL (Strong LLM Enhanced ICL) that involves learning from examples using strong language models and then summarizing and transferring these learned skills to weak language models for inference and application. This ensures the stability and effectiveness of ICL. Compared to directly enabling weak language models to learn from prompt examples, SLEICL reduces the difficulty of ICL for these models. Our experiments, conducted on up to eight datasets with five language models, demonstrate that weak language models achieve consistent improvement over their own zero-shot or few-shot capabilities using the SLEICL method. Some weak language models even surpass the performance of GPT4-1106-preview (zero-shot) with the aid of SLEICL.
Multi-directional unitarity and maximal entanglement in spatially symmetric quantum states
Authors: Mestyán Márton , Pozsgay Balázs , Wanless Ian M.
Published: January 2024

We consider dual unitary operators and their multi-leg generalizations that have appeared at various places in the literature. These objects can be related to multi-party quantum states with special entanglement patterns: the sites are arranged in a spatially symmetric pattern and the states have maximal entanglement for all bipartitions that follow from the reflection symmetries of the given geometry. We consider those cases where the state itself is invariant with respect to the geometrical symmetry group. The simplest examples are those dual unitary operators which are also self dual and reflection invariant, but we also consider the generalizations in the hexagonal, cubic, and octahedral geometries. We provide a number of constructions and concrete examples for these objects for various local dimensions. All of our examples can be used to build quantum cellular automata in 1+1 or 2+1 dimensions, with multiple equivalent choices for the “direction of time”.
EFFET DE LORPAILLAGE SUR LABONDANCE ET LA DIVERSITE DES ESPECES DE CHAMPIGNONS MYCORHIZIENS ARBUSCULAIRES DANS LA REGION CENTRALE DU TOGO
Authors:   Laboratoire des Sciences Agronomiques et Biologiques Appliquees, Institut Superieur des Metiers de lAgriculture, Universite de Kara, BP 404 Kara, Togo., Tchassanti Latifou , Tchabi Atti ,   Laboratoire des Sciences Agronomiques et Biologiques Appliquees, Institut Superieur des Metiers de lAgriculture, Universite de Kara, BP 404 Kara, Togo., Kadanga Pana ,   Laboratoire des Sciences Agronomiques et Biologiques Appliquees, Institut Superieur des Metiers de lAgriculture, Universite de Kara, BP 404 Kara, Togo., Komlan Batawila ,   Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Vegetale, Faculte des Sciences, Universite de Lome, BP 1515, Lome, Togo.
Published: January 2024

Gold mining has a negative impact on the soil include microorganisms such as Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). The AMF form associations with plants by improving their development However, the effect of gold mining on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) living in its soils is poorly understood.The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of gold mining on the abundance and diversity of AMF species in the Central region of Togo. The AMF were extracted by wet sieving from 200g of soil samples taken directly from four types of soil, Gold Soil (SA), Washed Gold Soil (SAL), Soil Under Corn Cultivation (SSCM) and the Soil Under Natural Vegetation (SSVN). The diversity of AMF was determined by diversity indices. The results showed that SA, SSCM and SSVN had significantly higher AMF fungal spores densities (p < 0.05) than SAL. AMF species richness was generally lower in SAL (12 species out of a total of 30 species identified). A total of 30 AMF species classified into 16 genera, in 9 families (AcaulosporaceaeAmbisporaceae, Archaeosporaceae, Gigasporaceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Dentiscutataceae, Diversisporaceae, Glomeraceae, Paraglomeraceae) were identified. The most frequent species were Acaulosporascorbiculata, Acaulospora sp., Entrophosporainfrequens, Gigaspora gigantea, Claroideoglomusetunicatum. The most abundant species were Acaulosporascorbiculata, Acaulosporasp., Entrophosporainfrequens, ClaroideoglomusEtunicatum, Glomus clavisporum, and Rhizophagusintraradices. The biological diversity indices (Shannon and Pielou equitability) revealed a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the different types of soils studied. The density of the spores as well as their diversityvary as follows: SAL<SA< SSVN< SSCM. The soils of the study area contain a great natural wealth of AMF species, but this natural wealth is significantly affected by gold panning. The native AMF found in these areas could be used for the ecological restoration of degraded gold panning areas.
AN OPEN LABELLED CLINICAL TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF MATRA BASTI WITH SUKUMARA GHRITA FOLLOWED BY THE ADMINISTRATION OF VAISHWANARA CHURNA IN THE MANGEMENT OF VIBANDHA VIS-A-VIS CONSTIPATION IN GERIATRIC AGE GROUP
Authors:   Second Year, MD Scholar, Dept. of Post-Graduate Studies in Kayachikitsa, Government Ayurveda Medical College, Mysuru, India., A. Amrutha , R.C Mythrey ,   HOD and Professor, Dept. of Post-Graduate Studies in Kayachikitsa, Government Ayurveda Medical College, Mysuru, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: Constipation is a frequently reported bowel symptom in the elderly with considerable impact on quality of life and health expenses. Disease-related morbidity and even mortality have been reported in the affected frail elderly. Although constipation is not a physiologic consequence of normal aging, decreased mobility, medications, underlying diseases, and rectal sensory-motor dysfunction may all contribute to its increased prevalence in older adults. Direct and explicit description of Vibandha as a disease is not found in Ayurveda but different presentation of Purisha like Baddha Purisha, Ghana Purisha/Grathita Purisha, Sushka Purisha, Mala avabaddhata are found in different contexts of Ayurveda, these can be taken as various manifestations of Vibandha Objective Of The Study: To evaluate the effect of Matra basti with Sukumara ghrita, followed by the administration of Vaishwanara churna with ghrita in the management of Vibandha vis-a-vis constipation in geriatric population. Methods: A clinical study with pre-post design. Data was collected on before intervention ie 0 day,mid intervention ,after matrabasti ie 9th day and and after the complete course of intervention,after internal administration of vaishwanara churna ie on 31 st day.The data obtained were analysed statistically by applying descriptive statistics,Paired t test and Chi square test,using statistical presentation system software (SPSS) for windows. Intervention:Matra basti with sukumara ghrita for the first 8 consecutive days of intervention in the dose of 60 ml. After Matra basti, Vaishwanara churna with ghrita as anupana was administered internally in the dosage of 12 gms in two equally divided doses, before food, for 22 days. Total duration of the study was 30 days Bristol Stool form scale and Patient assessment of constipation-Quality of life were used to assess the pre and post data gathered through pre designed research proforma.The results having Â‘pÂ’ value of <0.001 was considered to be statistically highly significant in this study. Results: Overall assessment showed significant improvement in all the 32 subjects in this study. Interpretation and Conclusion: It can be concluded that Matra basti with sukumara ghrita followed by internal administration of Vaishwanara churna showed better results in Bristol Stool form scale and Patient assessment of constipaion- Quality of life.
Transformational leadership, emotional intelligence, and innovative work behavior: Mediating roles of knowledge sharing at public hospitals in Indonesia
Authors: Bahagia Rahmad , Daulay Raihanah , Arianty Nel , Astuti Rini
Published: January 2024

Innovative behavior refers to the deliberate engagement in activities to generate and embrace novel ideas, concepts, or approaches to execute and accomplish tasks effectively. This study aims to investigate the impact of transformational leadership and emotional intelligence on innovative work behavior through knowledge sharing. The research population was employees in several public hospitals in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This quantitative study used survey methodology by sending questionnaires to administrative employees of public hospitals. The samples for this study consisted of 129 administrative employees with a minimum of one year of service at various public hospitals. The investigation employed a Likert scale questionnaire to gather data, which were subsequently analyzed utilizing SEM-PLS in conjunction with SmartPLS 4.0 software. The findings of this study indicate the influence between transformational leadership and emotional intelligence on knowledge sharing (p < 0.05) and innovative work behavior (p < 0.05). In addition, knowledge sharing affects innovative work behavior (p < 0.05). Knowledge sharing mediates the influence of transformational leadership on innovative work behavior (p < 0.05), and knowledge sharing mediates the influence of emotional intelligence on innovative work behavior (p < 0.05).
AcknowledgmentThe funding for this study was provided by the budget allocated to Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara for the fiscal year 2023. Hence, we express our profound appreciation to the Rectorate of Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara and the Institute for Research and Community Service (LPPM) of Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara.
A qualitative study on menstrual health and hygiene management among adolescent schoolgirls in peri-urban Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Sambo Joy , Nyambe Sikopo , Yamauchi Taro
Published: January 2024

Menstrual Health and Hygiene (MHH) require adequate sanitary facilities, clean water, product access, privacy and safety, and disposal. MHH can significantly influence girls' health and educational achievements. However, schools in some developing countries lack proper Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) amenities to manage healthy menstruation. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance WASH services to tackle menstrual-related difficulties effectively. Zambian government schools struggle with insufficient WASH infrastructures. Hence, it is imperative to reveal the status of WASH services for policy progress and to promote girls' optimal menstrual health. We conducted observations and a qualitative study to evaluate the school's WASH facilities, investigate the sociocultural factors impacting MHH, and examine coping mechanisms to manage menstruation. Thirty adolescent schoolgirls, aged 14–19, residing in Lusaka peri-urban areas, participated in five focus group discussions. Insufficient school security, inadequate sanitary facilities, absence of clean water, and limited access to menstrual materials presented notable challenges. Culturally, there was an expectation for girls to swiftly embrace womanhood despite being unprepared for the natural biological process it entailed. Girls formulated strategies for managing challenges associated with MHH. The fundamental needs of menstruating girls include a sufficient supply of menstrual materials, improved WASH services, increased safety, and enhanced privacy.