bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Przestępstwa dezercji i samowolnego oddalenia się żołnierza w Związku Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich i Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej
Authors:   Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku, Pietrzak Radosław
Published: July 2021

Crimes of desertion and self moving away has been a problem since armed forces have been existing. In the past, crime of desertion mostly had been punishable by the death penalty and in combat situations, combat officers could even kill a deserter without any criminal trial or disciplinary proceedings. When progressive humanitarianization was in progress, penalties for discussed crimes were gradually liberalized in the entire world. Those acts have negative influence not only on the morale of the army and its strength as a consequence, but it can also be bad for society. On the other hand, the very important thing is the severity of the sanction for those prohibited acts in time of peace, in warpath and in combat situations. The next important thing is changes of criminal sanction in legislations of those two socialist countries for previously mentioned acts. In this article it was indicated, that both crimes of desertion and self moving away were similar, the difference between them was indicated and there is notice that act of desertion is more harmful and punished more severely than self moving away. The goal of this article is to show material and legal basis of penal responsibility for crimes of desertion and self moving away in USSR and Polish Peoples Republic.
Budowa administracji skarbowej w pierwszych latach Polski międzywojennej
Authors:   WSPiA Rzeszowska Szkoła Wyższa, Witkowski Andrzej
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this article is to present the process of building fiscal administration in the first years of interwar Poland, which ended with the adoption and gradual extension of the territorial scope of the binding law of July 31, 1919, on the temporary organization of tax authorities and offices. It replaced the post-partition solutions, which were initially subject to temporary changes. Considerations concerning the organization and scope of activities of the fiscal administration are complemented by comments illustrating the efforts of the Ministry of the Treasury to employ and train tax officials and candidates for tax services. The stated comments and observations were made on the basis of an analysis of legal acts, sources allowing to reconstruct the course of legislative processes (The Lower House of Polish Parliament [Sejm] documents and stenographic reports from the Lower House [Sejm] sessions) and literature. They confirm that the Act of July 31, 1919, adopted a structure based on the following principles: 1/ separation of fiscal authorities and offices from general administration, 2/ three-stage system of fiscal authorities (Ministry of the Treasury, tax chambers, tax offices), 3/ equal treatment of administration of direct and indirect taxes, as evidenced by their organizational unification in tax chambers, while maintaining the separation only in the authorities of the first instance (tax and fiscal offices; excise and state monopoly offices). The adopted fiscal administration system met the increasing role of direct taxes, which required the building of institutions for efficient calculation and collection of those taxes. However, the management of customs was separated from the competence of the tax chambers.
Początki wymiaru sprawiedliwości na Białostocczyźnie w 1919 r. w świetle wileńskich archiwaliów
Authors:   Instytut Pamięci Narodowej Oddział w Białymstoku, Maksimiuk Diana
Published: July 2021

The creation of the justice system in Poland after it regained its independence in 1918 is an issue which does not attract too much interest from researchers. The main problem lies in the lack of historical sources on the subject. This is particularly evident with regard to the Eastern Lands of the Second Polish Republic as the archival materials concerting those lands were either destroyed during World War II, or if they were not, they are not easily accessible today. The judicial history of the Białystok region in the interwar period is not well known precisely because of the lack of sources. To date, the attempts to describe it have been based solely on press releases – mainly from the local newspaper 'Dziennik Białostocki' - and on normative acts published in government gazettes issued by the state authorities. Memoirs have also been consulted, but there are not many of them either. As it turns out, the Lithuanian Central State Archives in Vilnius has valuable materials on the beginnings of Polish judiciary in Białystok from the period of March 1919 to June 1919. Thanks to these few documents, we can learn not only about the difficult process of creating the local judiciary, but also about the first months of its operation and the names of the people who participated in it. Due to the fact that these archives are not easily accessible and no one has reached them before, some of them (showing case-law figures) have been published as material for future research.
Sąd Apelacyjny w Białymstoku w latach 1949-1950
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Niewiński Kamil
Published: July 2021

The publication deals with a short episode of the Court of Appeal in Bialystok between 1949-1950. It is part of the author's research work on the problem of reconstruction and transformation of the common judiciary during the period of building the socialist system in Poland in the first decade after World War II. Moreover, the aim of the publication is to answer an important, immediately emerging question; why the Court of Appeal in Bialystok was established at all? This was closely related to the fundamental changes that were taking place in the common judiciary in the years 1944-1954, which led to the politicization of the justice system. However, the reforms were not limited to the systemic adaptation of the judiciary to the needs of the authorities. The changes went much further, towards carrying out staff purges and eliminating from the judiciary pre-war judges who did not want to submit to political pressure and ideological indoctrination. The establishment of the Court of Appeal in Bialystok was part of the planned reorganization of the common court system, which was supposed to simplify the staff exchange process. That is why the publication also widely concerns the general changes that took place in the judiciary during this period. This approach helps to show intentions of the authorities and true reasons of establishing the Court of Appeal in Bialystok. These are presented in the decisions taken at the meetings of the Collegium of the Ministry of Justice and fragments of the reports of the Judicial Supervision Department, as quoted in the publication.
Kwestia „ochrony” wolności sumienia i wyznania w toku prac nad kodyfikacją prawa karnego Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej 1949-1969
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Szczygieł Tomasz
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the development of criminal law regulations regarding the protection of freedom of conscience and religion in the Polish People's Republic in 1949–1969. The presented analysis shows the real intentions of these regulations. The communist party wanted to control religious associations in terms of their potential impact on public opinion. There is no doubt that the analyzed regulations were an expression of the struggle of the communist authorities with the only independent institution after 1944, which was the Catholic Church. The work also highlights the problem of the ostracism of people associated with the communist movement, which was undoubtedly present, especially after the threat of excommunication issued by the Vatican in July 1949. As a result of this, freedom of conscience and religion became a kind of "hostage" of the growing struggle for a new state system and the place of religious associations.
Stan badań nad dokumentacją zabytków powiatu bielskiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Danieluk Janusz
Published: July 2021

This paper constitutes a critical analysis of a two-volume publication: Katalog zabytków sztuki. Województwo podlaskie (białostockie). Powiat bielski [A Catalogue of Artistic Monuments. Podlaskie (Białystok) Voivodeship. Bielsk County], published in a series “A Catalogue of Artistic Monuments in Poland” by the Institute of Art at the Polish Academy of Sciences. The author of this article presents the contents of the Catalogue and evaluates its usefulness for further, detailed research on regional history. He draws attention to a high substantive level of the reviewed work which was based on rich source material acquired by means of queries conducted in the Polish archives (e.g., State Archives in Białystok), foreign ones (Russian State Historical Archive in St. Petersburg), and other cultural institutions (e.g. Voivodship Office for the Protection of Historical Monuments in Białystok). The Catalogue also uses data from numerous scientific monographs, articles, and elaborations containing over 300 references. One of its assets, apart from the scientific content, is high editorial quality. The Catalogue presents rich illustrative material provided with detailed descriptions in the form of historical outlines of seventy-two settlements with the characteristics of included monuments, depicted in 1,427 colourful photographs. The author expands information on some of the monuments described in the Catalogue using archive materials stored in the National Archives in Białystok. These are e.g.: 20th-century photographs showing the town hall in Bielsk Podlaski and archival files on the technical condition of the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary from Mt. Carmel in Bielsk Podlaski after the First World War. The potential reader of the discussed review article is offered a synthesis of the Catalogue’s contents. It also highlights its scientific usefulness for art historians and regionalists.
Kwas podchlorawy – nowa nadzieja w walce z zakażeniami w opiece zdrowotnej
Authors: Rożkiewicz Dorota , Witkowski Grzegorz
Published: July 2021

W czasach narastającej oporności drobnoustrojów na antybiotyki i środki dezynfekcyjne usilnie poszukuje się nowych rozwiązań w walce z zakażeniami. Zaczyna się też doceniać związki/preparaty znane od lat. Jednym z takich związków jest kwas podchlorawy (HOCl). W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono aktualną wiedzę na temat HOCl, z uwzględnieniem jego właściwości bójczych, bezpieczeństwa stosowania i możliwości wykorzystania w medycynie. Kwas podchlorawy jest produkowany przez komórki odpornościowe organizmu ludzkiego w celu zwalczania infekcji. Wykazuje skuteczność wobec szerokiej gamy mikroorganizmów. Kwas podchlorawy charakteryzuje się wieloma cechami idealnego środka dezynfekcyjnego: jest łatwy w użyciu, niedrogi, bójczy wobec różnych drobnoustrojów, bezpieczny dla personelu, pacjentów, sprzętów szpitalnych i aparatury medycznej. Może być skuteczny w walce z rozprzestrzenianiem się SARS-CoV-2, co w obecnych czasach stanowi największe wyzwanie w medycynie.
Stosowanie kloksacyliny w praktyce klinicznej – dlaczego dawkowanie jest kluczowe dla skuteczności leku
Authors: Woroń Jarosław
Published: July 2021

Kloksacylina jest zaliczana do grupy penicylin izoksazolilowych. Wskazuje się ją jako lek pierwszego rzutu w zakażeniach wywoływanych przez metycylinowrażliwe S. aureus (MSSA). W celu prowadzenia skutecznej i bezpiecznej terapii przeciwbakteryjnej kluczowy jest profil farmakokinetyczny leku. Istotna dla optymalnej skuteczności leku jest strategia dawkowania, obejmująca specyfikę leczonego pacjenta. W niniejszej pracy omówiono aktualne wytyczne w tym zakresie.
An integrated approach for hemicellulose extraction from forest residue
Authors: Ghosh Debjani , Tanner Joanne , Lavoie Jean-Michel , Garnier Gil , Patti Antonio F.
Published: July 2021

An alkali-mediated hydrothermal approach was optimized for partial extraction of high-purity hemicellulose (xylan) from a timber waste product (unbleached eucalyptus sawdust). The extraction process was: a) extractives removal using sequential solvent extraction; b) alkali-mediated hydrothermal extraction of hemicellulose; and c) purification of the isolated hemicellulose fraction. Biomass was extracted in an autoclave at a fixed temperature of 121 °C while varying the extraction time (1 h to 2.5 h) and alkali concentration (10%, 15%, and 20% w/v). Using this simple approach, high purity polymeric hemicellulose with molecular mass (21 to 30 kDa) was recovered in yields of 35 to 37%. The isolated hemicellulose can be chemically transformed into high-value commercial products such as prebiotics (xylooligosaccharides), surfactants, hydrogels, and food packaging materials. The purified residue can be utilized in existing kraft pulping processes. The integration of hemicellulose extraction into existing pulping process represents additional valorization of timber resources.
Diffusion coefficient and equilibrium moisture content of different wood species degraded with Trametes versicolor
Authors: Slováčková Barbora , Schmidtová Jarmila , Hrčka Richard , Mišíková Oľga
Published: July 2021

The degradation of wood changes various properties; these changes can favor its usage in particular instances, e.g., as an insulation material. Knowledge of the moisture content and movement of moisture in building materials is crucial. The primary focus of this paper is the diffusion coefficient and equilibrium moisture content of three wood species after degradation via Trametes versicolor. Values for the diffusion coefficients were determined under different conditions: a temperature of 20 °C ± 2 °C; and 3 relative air-humidity settings, i.e., 30% ± 3%, 60% ± 3%, and 96% ± 3%. The differences in the longitudinal and transversal directions were statistically significant for all conditions, while the differences in the diffusion coefficients were non-significant for the first two relative-air-humidity settings. A portion of the diffusion coefficient calculation data was used to develop a sorption isotherm for all wood species. The equilibrium moisture content of the degraded wood was determined for each condition. Duncan’s multiple-range test showed that the wood species was a significant factor; therefore, the isotherm had to be plotted for each wood species. The number of sorption sites in the monolayer in degraded spruce wood was different from the number in degraded beech and oak wood.
How, when and why can the mother-tongue language be forgotten? The case of international adoption
Authors: Ramonaitė Jogilė Teresa , Ramonienė Meilutė
Published: July 2021

The present paper deals with the attrition of the first language. It presents a general overview of language attrition as a research field and discusses the main characteristics of the phenomenon by examining some typical lexical, grammatical, and phonological properties of attriters’ speech. Our attention is drawn here to a variety of factors, such as age, time spent in the L2 environment, frequency of first language use, language attitudes, and other aspects that have an impact on language attrition. The paper also reflects on and motivates the choice of the term ‘attrition’ in the Lithuanian academic use. The current empirical analysis focuses on an extreme case of first language attrition in the situation of international adoption of an early-teenager (~12 years old) Lithuanian girl adopted to Italy. The linguistic development of the girl was normal, and at the time of adoption she was regularly literate in Lithuanian L1. With the adoption, her language environment switched completely from Lithuanian to Italian. This case study is based on longitudinal observation and speech recordings mainly from the final stage of the observation period, i.e., 14 months after her departure from the country of origin. The paper examines Lithuanian utterances and other elements of the Lithuanian language in the girl’s communication. Her spontaneous speech is analysed mostly on the lexical and grammatical level, but some other language levels are also touched upon. The analysis shows a very advanced stage of first language attrition not only on the most evident – lexical – level, but also substantial changes on the grammatical level. The data shows that categories of tense, aspect, indefiniteness, case, and even gender, which differ in the two – Lithuanian and Italian – languages, have been impacted by the new dominant language. To conclude, even though the girl’s age and particularly positive attitudes towards the Lithuanian language were quite likely the most important factors for her maintaining some of the language one year later, the attrition of her L1 is still very advanced.
Values Guidelines for Innovative Development in Ukraine
Authors: ZAIATS T. A.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the problems of forming and affirming the values of innovative development as new opportunities for development for the state, business and individual households. The need to accelerate the socioeconomic development of the country on an innovative basis through their perception in society as values and means of minimizing the risks of technical and technological backwardness of Ukraine from European countries has led to the relevance of the article. The purpose of the article is to assess the public perception of the values of innovative development of the country, identify barriers to innovation in the country, and identify areas to minimize their impact in the future. The novelty is the results of generalization of the conditions necessary for the transformation of the guidelines of innovative development into values, which are guided by different actors when choosing a model of behavior in the market or in specific life situations. The following research methods are used: system analysis, scientific generalization and comparison, economic and statistical analysis. Against the background of low world rating positions of Ukraine on the innovation index, uneven implementation in various sectors of the economy, funding of science on a residual basis and the decline of its prestige, it is problematic to spread the values of innovation development among management, small and medium sized businesses and individual households. In Ukraine, a positive public perception of innovation, openness to the achievements of science and technology is combined with skepticism about their role in everyday life, the idea of dependence on scientific achievements, which can change the perception of right and wrong in everyone’s life. Institutional distrust in Ukrainian society in a chain reaction increases distrust in the results of innovation, especially research. State support for innovation in the country remains weak. The article identifies the main barriers to the positive perception of innovation by society as values formed due to the inefficiency of state regulation of innovative activities of business structures, the lack of a concept for solving the problems of innovative development in the future, limited consumer strategies. The main models of stimulating innovative development used in world practice are considered from the point of view of influence on these processes, their target landmarks, advantages and disadvantages are singled out. Th rough the eff orts of the state, business and the public, Ukraine should develop a European model of stimulating innovative development, changing the modern format of interaction of subjects to a more productive one on the basis of trust, partnership and responsibility.
LEGAL CONNECTION OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FORM OF A LEGAL ENTITY WITH THE PECULIARITIES OF ITS CIVIL LIABILITY
Authors: Parasiuk V. M. , Parasiuk M. V.
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes a number of problematic issues related to the mechanism of application of civil liability to legal entities of private law in modern civil law. Particular attention is paid to the emergence and legal regulation of subsidiary liability, the possibility and procedure for filing recourse claims against the person guilty of the offense. The author draws attention to the presence of a number of problems in the practical implementation of the rules on subsidiary civil liability of legal entities and the rules governing the institution of recourse. The opinion is expressed on the expediency of bringing the rules of subsidiary liability of members of a production cooperative with the liability of members of a limited liability company, so it is necessary to agree on the liability of members of a production cooperative of the same type. It is concluded that the enshrinement in the legislation of special rules governing the recourse procedure for the protection of civil rights, would solve the situation. The author points out the important negative consequences of the lack of legislation and doctrine of a clear vision of the legal nature of corporate responsibility, its main features and relationship with other types of civil liability (contractual and tort). A general description of the practical difficulties in applying the rules of subsidiary liability is given. It is stated that the independence of civil liability of business associations is limited by a number of cases when the obligations of the company are also the responsibility of its members (founders). It is argued that in relation to non-profit companies, the legislator consistently adheres to the concept of this type of legal entities, and does not provide for the possibility of acquiring ownership of the company’s property, and therefore there is no corporate liability of non-profit companies and their members.
ON THE COMPETENCE OF THE BUREAU OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINE AS A SUBJECT TO THE PREVENTION OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES IN THE FIELD OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Karelin V. V.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the coverage of one of the current problems of criminology, as a matter of activity of the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine as a subject of prevention of criminal offenses in the sphere of economic activity. The presence of the Ukrainian state in the process of substantial reform, conditioned not least by the regional and global policy of transformation of modern society in the broadest sense of the word, puts on the agenda many tasks. The defining vector of this process is, without a doubt, the further development of public relations, which, however, is impossible without solving such a key task as comprehensive security and law and order. One of the links of this provision is the creation and functioning of the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine in the system of public authorities, as the main subject of prevention of criminal offenses in the field of economic activity. It is established that avoiding duplication of powers of law enforcement agencies to investigate financial crimes is one of the key goals of the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine. The draft law stipulates that from the moment of adoption of the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on the commencement of the Bureau’s work, all criminal proceedings on crimes within the Bureau’s jurisdiction must be transferred to it from other law enforcement agencies within two months. Since the entry into force of the law on the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine, it is prohibited to open new operational and investigative cases by operational units of the tax police. In our opinion, this will improve the protection of business and investment, as it will eventually lead to the final liquidation of the tax police, as well as economic units in other law enforcement agencies. Another positive innovation that should protect businesses from arbitrary interference by law enforcement is the need for a document of violation of tax legislation recorded in the act of documentary verification for inclusion in the Unified Register of pre-trial investigations of criminal proceedings under Articles 212 (Tax Evasion) and 212-1 from the payment of a single social contribution) of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Among the positive innovations is also the creation of the Public Oversight Board of the Bureau. This will make the Bureau’s activities public and thus reduce the risks of detective misconduct. It is proved that the creation of the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine is designed to solve the problem of duplication of functions of bodies that fight criminal offenses in the field of economic activity, as well as to avoid conflicts of their professional interests; The introduction of this body can help businesses in Ukraine, in particular, to avoid additional pressure from numerous inspections of bodies that monitor their activities, and often cannot determine the limits of their powers.
REVISION OF JUDGMENTS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS ABOUT DRUG CRIMES
Authors: Cherniienko A. O.
Published: July 2021

The Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine guarantees every person the right to appeal against procedural decisions, actions or omissions of a court, investigating judge, prosecutor, investigator in the manner prescribed by this Code. Undoubtedly, the review of court decisions in the context of criminal proceedings is an important guarantee for ensuring the constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen, especially in criminal proceedings where a person is accused of committing serious or especially serious crimes, namely drug trafficking, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors. Given the above, it is important to respect both the rights of the accused and the provisions of criminal procedure law, which, among other things, determines the mandatory requirements for appropriate procedural actions, decisions made at the pre-trial investigation, as well as during the prosecution in court. Ignoring such requirements, non-compliance or violation of the procedure established by the criminal procedural legislation entails the revocation of court decisions and the recognition of a person not guilty of a drug crime. Important is the fact that the motivating basis for such a decision, in particular a verdict of acquittal, may not be the real innocence of the person whose accusation was refuted by the defense by using all means of proof, and mistakes made during the pre-trial investigation, which found the evidence inadmissible. as they were received with significant violations of the procedure established by the criminal procedural legislation. This article analyzes the case law and highlights the typical mistakes made by the prosecution during the state prosecution in court, based on the case law on the acquittal of those accused of drug crimes. In addition, the proposed ways to prevent such mistakes, certain preventive aspects that will help practitioners to avoid the inherent errors of judicial practice, which led to the acquittal in this category of criminal offenses.
Identifikasi Kearifan Lokal Dimensi dan Bentuk Kasko Kapal Pancing Ulur KMN. Reski 01 Berbasis di Kelurahan Panyula, Bone
Authors: Tandipuang Paduartama , Tamrin Tamrin , Muhammad Maskur  , Nurwahidin Nurwahidin , Khairudin Isman  , Arham Rumpa  , Tri Setianto  , Asia Asia
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan rasio dimensi utama KMN. Reski 01 dengan rasio dimensi utama kapal ikan static gear umumnya di Indonesia dan  menentukan tipe bentuk lambung kapal KMN. Reski 01 dari gambaran bentuk gading terbesar. Metode studi kasus digunakan untuk mengetahui penyebab kapal ikan ini memerlukan alat stabilizer tambahan saat drifting. Identifikasi dimulai dari rasio dimensi utama dan tipe bentuk lambung kapal dari gambaran kelengkungan gading terbesar sebagai data primer. Data sekunder diperoleh dari hasil pengolahan data penelitian yang telah dilakukan Iskandar & Pujiati, 1995. Analisa data dilakukan menggunakan metode comparative numeric dan deskriptif dengan bantuan software coreldraw. Berdasarkan hasil analisa, rasio dimensi kapal KMN. Reski 01 yang terdiri dari perbandingan L/B, L/D, dan B/D, masih masuk dalam kisaran kapal ikan static gear di Indonesia. Akan tetapi walaupun nilai perbandingan dimensi L/B berada di kisaran modus, nilai L/D dan B/D berada di atas kisaran modus dan median. Kapal KMN. Reski 01 yang merupakan kapal ikan static gear memiliki tipe lambung round bottom. Tipe lambung kapal ikan seperti ini lebih umum digunakan pada kapal ikan yang mengoperasikan alat tangkap aktif dari pada kapal ikan static gear.
La cultura como motor de la innovación social corporativa: descifrando sus factores clave
Authors: Clouet María-Eugenia , Recalde-Viana Mónica , Alfaro-Tanco José-Antonio
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo estudia la cultura organizacional (CO) como motor para impulsar la innovación social corporativa (ISC) en las empresas. Con una metodología basada en la revisión sistemática de la literatura, la principal contribución académica es el diseño de un marco teórico que permite dilucidar qué tipo de CO es la más adecuada para albergar la ISC, así como una propuesta original de factores clave para promover dicha cultura. Esta propuesta pretende también ser una guía para directivos y profesionales a fin de implantar culturas organizacionales proclives a la innovación social en sus empresas.
A novel homozygous RAG1 mutation is associated with severe combined immunodeficiency and neurological presentations
Authors: Shafeghat Melika , Esmaeilzadeh Hossein , Sadeghalvad Mona , Rayzan Elham , Zoghi Samaneh , Shahkarami Sepideh , Jimenez Heredia Raul , Krolo Ana , Boztug Kaan , Rezaei Nima
Published: July 2021

Introduction and objectives: Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a subset of primary immunodeficiency diseases caused by a hereditary deficiency of the adaptive immune system. Mutation in recombination activating gene (RAG) is known as the underlying genetic cause of SCID. RAG protein plays a pivotal role in V(D)J recombination which is the main process to assemble lymphocyte antigen receptors during T- and B-cell development. The patients are characterized by recurrent infections, failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea, and fever, in early infancy. Herein, we present a case of SCID with rare neurological manifestations affected by a mutation in RAG1.Patients and methods: The patient was a 15-month-old infant born to a consanguineous family. She was presented with neurological abnormalities including facial nerve palsy, seizure, and decreased consciousness. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based primary immunodeficiency disease (PID)-gene panel screen and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the genetic mutation.Results: We found a novel homozygous missense mutation in RAG1, c.1210C>T,p.Arg404Trp, which was predicted to be deleterious (combined annotation dependent depletion, CADD score of 27.4). Both parents were heterozygous carriers for this mutation. According to her laboratory data, both T cell and B cell numbers were decreased and the patient was diagnosed as RAG1- SCID.Conclusions: SCID is a pediatric emergency with a variety of manifestations in infants. Therefore, accurate diagnosis importantly in the case of rare manifestations must be considered in these patients. Our findings point toward the importance of genetic assessment for early diagnosis and timely treatment of this disorder.
Cannabis policy reform in Germany: Political and constitutional discourses on decriminalisation and regulation strategies
Authors: Kemme Stefanie , Pfeffer Kristin , Von Rodbertus Luise
Published: July 2021

There is relentless discussion in Germany about the right manner to deal with cannabis and its users. In 1994 and 2004, the Federal Constitutional Court reaffirmed the legal appropriateness of prohibition. However, since then, studies and data about the dangers and effects of cannabis use have quieted alarm, and Europe, alongside the once-prohibitive United States, has had its initial experiences with liberalised use of cannabis. Since the founding of the Schildower Kreis, a network of experts from science and practice, 122 German criminal law professors have petitioned the Bundestag for an Enquête Commission. The aim of this paper is, on the one hand, to provide insight into German narcotics law. On the other hand, the political arguments for sticking to prohibition are contrasted with the numerous empirical findings that are now available. The results of the empirical studies now challenge the Federal Constitutional Court and the legislature to review their previous course and possibly break new ground in drug policy. The basis of the Federal Constitutional Court’s decisions no longer exists. The Narcotics Act and constitutional discourse on cannabis prohibition need to be reviewed, as do political arguments about resources and high costs. Indications of a paradigm shift in drug policy, as required by the Global Commission on Drug Policy, are hesitantly appearing in Germany.
Representation Matters but is Not Enough
Authors: Hadley Susan
Published: July 2021

Editorial
The spread of the coronavirus is putting a strain on financial markets and the resulting stock market volatility is causing huge problems for investors. Volatility in the U.S. market has returned to levels not seen since the 2011 sovereign debt crisis. It is already clear that this volatility has had a negative effect on the economy. In this study, we introduce a regime-switching GJR-GARCH modelwith a stable distribution to investigate the predictive power of the S&P 500 index volatility to VaR estimation. The results of VaR backtesting at a 5% risk level confirm that the model performs better and is a useful tool for the risk manager and financial regulator
Authors: SEMA Gado , Konté Mamadou Abdoulaye , Diongue Abdou Kâ
Published: July 2021

The spread of the coronavirus is putting a strain on financial markets and the resulting stock market volatility is causing huge problems for investors. Volatility in the U.S. market has returned to levels not seen since the 2011 sovereign debt crisis. It is already clear that this volatility has had a negative effect on the economy. In this study, we introduce a regime-switching GJR-GARCH modelwith a stable distribution to investigate the predictive power of the S&P 500 index volatility to VaR estimation. The results of VaR backtesting at a 5% risk level confirm that the model performs better and is a useful tool for the risk manager and financial regulator.
Comparative Analysis of Decision Tree Algorithms for Data Warehouse Fragmentation*
Authors: Rodríguez Mazahua Nidia , Rodríguez Mazahua Lisbeth , López Chau Asdrúbal , Hernández Giner Alor
Published: July 2021

One of the main problems faced by Data Warehouse designers is fragmentation.Several studies have proposed data mining-based horizontal fragmentation methods.However, not exists a horizontal fragmentation technique that uses a decision tree. This paper presents the analysis of different decision tree algorithms to select the best one to implement the fragmentation method. Such analysis was performed under version 3.9.4 of Weka, considering four evaluation metrics (Precision, ROC Area, Recall and F-measure) for different selected data sets using the Star Schema Benchmark. The results showed that the two best algorithms were J48 and Random Forest in most cases; nevertheless, J48 was selected because it is more efficient in building the model.
The Mediating Role of the Interactional Justice on the Effect of Mushroom Management on Organizational Cynicism
Authors: MUMCU Ahmet , ARAS Mehtap
Published: July 2021

The study aims to test the mediating role of interactional justice on the effect of mushroom management style on organizational cynicism. Data were collected by survey method from 107 research assistants working in a state university in Turkey. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the research model. In the study, firstly, the effect of mushroom management style on organizational cynicism was tested. After this step, the mediator variable was included in the research model. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the mushroom management style affected organizational cynicism sub-dimensions (cognitive, affective, and behavioral) positively, and affected interactional justice negatively. However, it was concluded that interactional justice does not have a mediating role in the relationship between mushroom management style and organizational cynicism dimensions.
Financial Stress and Buffer Effects of Trust in Policies in Business Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: GÜNAY Hamdi Furkan
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to investigate the determinants of financial stress experienced in working life during the COVID-19 pandemic process in Turkey, and also the role of the confidence placed for the government pandemic action policies in reducing financial stress. For this purpose, online survey data obtained from 414 employees were analyzed with multivariate statistical methods. As a result of the analysis, the significant effect of job insecurity and pay satisfaction on financial stress was determined. Although it was found that trust in the policies against pandemics was effective in reducing financial stress, a significant moderating effect of trust in policies was not found in the relationship of other factors with financial stress. It is recommended to prevent practices that may cause revenue and employment losses in businesses and closely monitor the steps taken to inhibit abuse in this area accordingly.
B2B Firmalar için Pazarlama Kabiliyetleri Ölçeği Geliştirilmesi ve Doğrulanması
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Neslişah , KAVAK Bahtışen
Published: July 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, B2B firmaların pazarlama kabiliyetlerine yönelik bir ölçek geliştirilip doğrulanmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda, pazarı algılama kabiliyeti, yeni ürün geliştirme kabiliyeti ve stratejik işbirliği kabiliyetine yönelik mevcut ölçekler yeniden düzenlenmiş ve birleşik bir ölçekte doğrulanmıştır. Mevcut ölçekler, pazarı algılama kabiliyeti, yeni ürün geliştirme kabiliyeti ve stratejik iş birliği kabiliyeti için sırasıyla Mu (2015), Morgan, Vorhies ve Mason (2009), Theoharakis, Sajtos ve Hooley (2009) tarafından kullanılan ölçeklerdir. 358 orta ve büyük ölçekli B2B firmanın yöneticisinden elde edilen veriler kullanılarak yapılan analizler sonucunda ölçeğin geçerliliği, güvenirliği ortaya konmuştur ve üç boyutlu yapı desteklenmiştir.
On the Necessity to Reorient Scientific and Technological Policy from the Production of Indicators to Solving Actual Problems
Authors:   Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Semenov Evgeny
Published: July 2021

The main feature of the state scientific and technological policy in modern Russia is its hypertrophied formalism – isolation from the real problems of the country and science itself, from the substantive tasks that are replaced by standards. Such a policy distracts science from the production of knowledge, competencies and technologies, orients it towards the production of reporting indicators. It is absolutely necessary to reorient the scientific and technological policy from the production of indicators to solving the actual problems of the country, associated primarily with overcoming the technological backwardness by modernizing the existing and creating the new branches of production and industries, as well as creating an innovation system. Deep transformations are also needed in science itself, primarily in its outdated disciplinary and official structure, as well as in the model of scientific organization and the national scientific system as a whole. A radical change is required to the national language of science, the loss of which is dangerous for the loss of higher education in the Russian language as well.
The Notion of Matter in Contra Proclum of John Philoponus: Modern Scientific Discussions
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation, Koshelev Alexander
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this opening article is to give a brief overview of key foreign works, mainly monographs, concerning the account of matter in the treatise Contra Proclum John Philoponus, and thus to make evident the corresponding research situation to the Russian reader. John Philoponus is one of the last Greek commentators on Aristotle, both a neoplatonist and a Christian. In his work Contra Proclum (c. 529 AD) John Philoponus redefines the classical concept of matter, rejecting the universal qualityless prime matter of the Neoplatonists. At the beginning of the article, a brief historical introduction is given, which is necessary for the formulation of the problem. The author analyses several works relevant to the topic: an article by a Russian researcher M. N. Varlamova (2017) and foreign (German, English, Dutch, French) monographs by Michael Wolff (1971), Richard Sorabji (1988), Christian Wildberg (1988), Jeanne de Groot (1991), Frans de Haas (1997), Pantelis Golitzis (2008) and Pascal Mueller-Jourdan (2011). The overview covers the entire research history of John Philoponus’ account of matter. The author pays special attention to a detailed description of the current scientific discussions related to this issue: the positions of researchers, their approaches and perspectives. At the same time, the problem of Philoponic matter is also presented in close connection with many related research topics of the history of late-antique philosophy: the ontological status of species differences, the reception of the Aristotelian doctrine of categories, the separation of the Alexandrian and Athenian Neoplatonic traditions, etc. In conclusion, the article gives a general summary, identifying the most important discussions related to the topic of Philoponus’ matter, and finally proposes an author’s assessment of their current state.
Returning to the Criterion of Falsifiability: Some Thoughts on the Article by S.Yu. Kolomiytsev
Authors:   Siberian Transport University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Martishina Natalya
Published: July 2021

The article was written as a response to a previously published (Ideas and Ideals, 2018, No. 3) article by S.Yu. Kolomiytsev “About Unfalsifiable Scientific Statements and Ideas”. The author, agreeing with a number of positions of this article, discusses some of its ideas. Primarily, the criticism concerns the thesis that the criterion of falsifiability unjustifiably narrows the scope of knowledge identified with its help as scientific, and that there is such a type of knowledge that does not meet the criterion of falsifiability but it has a scientific status. According to the author of this article, for applying of the criterion of falsifiability, we must take into account some conditions. First, the required falsifiability of knowledge is potential, i.e. falsification does not have to be available just at this stage of the development of science. Secondly, this criterion is intended to solve the problem of demarcation of science and knowledge that lies outside of it, and may be less effective in other, even close cognitive situations. Thirdly, the qualification of a theory as non-scientific does not mean that it is certainly unacceptable or erroneous. From the point of view of the modern epistemological paradigm, not only the science but also other types of cognition may give reliable and useful knowledge. The article discusses the thesis of S. Yu. Kolomiytsev that some fundamental ideas (for example, the idea of the atom) originally were not falsified but were already scientific. The author justifies an alternative assessment: these ideas were initially true, since they corresponded to the objective reality, but at the same time they were not scientific, since they could not be developed by means of scientific knowledge. The reality of some object does not mean that all judgments about it automatically fall into the category of scientific; after all, metaphysics is also a doctrine of reality, although, as a rule, deeper than directly observable reality. Thus, arguments aimed at limiting the criterion of falsifiability actually refer to attempts to expand it to a range of problems that it is not intended to solve. One of the normative directions for the application of the criterion of falsifiability is the demarcation of science and pseudo-scientific theories; pseudo-scientific knowledge often has a “built-in” protection against falsification. The article describes some techniques of such protection.
Inspirational Concept of Scientific Management: Values and Ideals
Authors:   Rybinsk State Aviation Technical University, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl Region, Russian Federation, Sidorov Leonid
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the philosophical problems of the technocratic, bureaucratic nature of modern scientific management, indifferent to the moral sense of man. The purpose of the article is to consider the foundations of the humanistic concept of scientific management as an incentive moral communication that inspires a person. The author introduces the concepts of ‘metaphysics of management’ and ‘inspirational management’. He also determines the main properties of inspirational scientific management: the moral nature of values and ideals, synergy, thought-sensory rationality, the unity of explicit and implicit, scientific and non-scientific knowledge. Inspirational management is carried out in the process of popularizing scientific knowledge, system integration. The process of scientific management based on system integration presupposes, firstly, orientation of scientists towards moral meanings and feelings, professional self-improvement and civic activity. Secondly, it implies a team of like-minded people united by a common dream, values and ideals. Thirdly, it is based on the development of applied scientific theories, social technologies, which have a symbolic character of incentive communication. Fourthly, in the process of extensive discussions, the popularization of scientific knowledge is taking place. Knowledge and scientific management acquire the mental-sensory character of persuasion. Systematic scientific thinking, the pathos of moral feeling induces a person to believe in his own strength, to achieve the set goal, to become better. It is noted that inspirational management has the properties of science and art. The author considers the main incentive symbols of the inspirational concept of management: system thinking, the meaning of life at work, scientific knowledge, an educated person - a professional and a citizen, progress, globalization of mankind, a social idealized project. The basic principles of the inspirational concept of management are based on the methods of dialectics and synergetics. The author comes to the conclusion that metaphysics of management presupposes the disclosure and realization of the essential moral human qualities and meanings. It is substantiated that the metasystem for the development of inspirational management is a social idealized project that includes elements of scientific, philosophical knowledge, dreams, utopia, ideology, moral, including religious values and ideals.