bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human muscle activity and lower limb biomechanics of overground walking at varying levels of simulated reduced gravity and gait speeds
Authors: MacLean Mhairi K. , Ferris Daniel P.
Published: July 2021

Reducing the mechanical load on the human body through simulated reduced gravity can reveal important insight into locomotion biomechanics. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of simulated reduced gravity on muscle activation levels and lower limb biomechanics across a range of overground walking speeds. Our overall hypothesis was that muscle activation amplitudes would not decrease proportionally to gravity level. We recruited 12 participants (6 female, 6 male) to walk overground at 1.0, 0.76, 0.55, and 0.31 G for four speeds: 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 ms-1. We found that peak ground reaction forces, peak knee extension moment in early stance, peak hip flexion moment, and peak ankle extension moment all decreased substantially with reduced gravity. The peak knee extension moment at late stance/early swing did not change with gravity. The effect of gravity on muscle activity amplitude varied considerably with muscle and speed, often varying nonlinearly with gravity level. Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, & vastus medialis) and medial gastrocnemius activity decreased in stance phase with reduced gravity. Soleus and lateral gastrocnemius activity had no statistical differences with gravity level. Tibialis anterior and biceps femoris increased with simulated reduced gravity in swing and stance phase, respectively. The uncoupled relationship between simulated gravity level and muscle activity have important implications for understanding biomechanical muscle functions during human walking and for the use of bodyweight support for gait rehabilitation after injury.
Molecular docking and dynamics simulation study of bioactive compounds from Ficus carica L. with important anticancer drug targets
Authors: Gurung Arun Bahadur , Ali Mohammad Ajmal , Lee Joongku , Farah Mohammad Abul , Al-Anazi Khalid Mashay
Published: July 2021

Ficus carica L., commonly known as fig, has been used in traditional medicine for metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and cancer. Various bioactive compounds have been previously isolated from the leaves, fruit, and bark, which have different pharmacological properties, but the anticancer mechanisms of this plant are not known. In the current study we focused on understanding the probable mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of F. carica plant extracts by molecular docking and dynamic simulation approaches. We evaluated the drug-likeness of the active constituents of the plant and explored its binding affinity with selected anticancer drug target receptors such as cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK-2), cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK-6), topoisomerase-I (Topo I), topoisomerase-II (Topo II), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). In silico toxicity studies revealed that thirteen molecules out of sixty-eight major active compounds in the plant extract have acceptable drug-like properties. Compound 37 (β-bourbonene) has a good binding affinity with the majority of drug targets, as revealed by molecular docking studies. The complexes of the lead molecules with the drug receptors were stable in terms of molecular dynamics simulation derived parameters such as root mean square deviation and radius of gyration. The top ten residues contributing significantly to the binding free energies were deciphered through analysis of molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) and molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA). Thus, the results of our studies unravel the potential of F. carica bioactive compounds as anticancer candidate molecules against selected macromolecular receptors.
Clinicopathological features of different subtypes in adenomyosis: Focus on early lesions
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Matsubara Sho , Imanaka Shogo
Published: July 2021

Background

The aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological features of intrinsic and extrinsic subtypes in adenomyosis. In particular, we focused on the early lesions of adenomyosis.

Methods

This is a single-center, prospective study of women who elected surgery for adenomyosis at the Department of Gynecology, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Japan, from April 2008 to March 2018. Adenomyosis was histologically classified as intrinsic, extrinsic, and others, depending on the type of intramural growth. Adenomyosis that occurs at the inner and outer myometrium was defined as an intrinsic and extrinsic type, respectively.

Results

One hundred eighty-nine patients with histologically confirmed adenomyosis were classified into three different types, 74 intrinsic type, 78 extrinsic type, and 37 other type. Compared to the intrinsic type, the extrinsic type was more likely to have endometriosis, including ovarian endometrioma (OMA), superficial peritoneal endometriosis (SUP), or deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). To further identify the clinicopathological features of early-stage adenomyosis, we focused only on patients with intrinsic and extrinsic types of adenomyosis with less than one-third of muscular layer infiltration. Patients with early-stage intrinsic adenomyosis were more likely to experience induced abortions. Patients with early-stage extrinsic adenomyosis were more likely to have endometriosis. The coexistence of endometriosis and the lack of induced abortion were independent predictors of extrinsic adenomyosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified coexistence of endometriosis as independent predictors of the early stage extrinsic adenomyosis.

Conclusion

The study suggests that there are at least two types of adenomyosis, where the intrinsic type is closely associated with a history of induced abortion, while the extrinsic type is strongly associated with endometriosis. Adenomyosis might be a gynecological disorder with complex pathogenesis implicating both traumatic and endometriotic factors.
The impact of vaccination to control COVID-19 burden in the United States: A simulation modeling approach
Authors: Alagoz Oguzhan , Sethi Ajay K. , Patterson Brian W. , Churpek Matthew , Alhanaee Ghalib , Scaria Elizabeth , Safdar Nasia
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Vaccination programs aim to control the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the relative impacts of vaccine coverage, effectiveness, and capacity in the context of nonpharmaceutical interventions such as mask use and physical distancing on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 are unclear. Our objective was to examine the impact of vaccination on the control of SARS-CoV-2 using our previously developed agent-based simulation model.

Methods

We applied our agent-based model to replicate COVID-19-related events in 1) Dane County, Wisconsin; 2) Milwaukee metropolitan area, Wisconsin; 3) New York City (NYC). We evaluated the impact of vaccination considering the proportion of the population vaccinated, probability that a vaccinated individual gains immunity, vaccination capacity, and adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions. We estimated the timing of pandemic control, defined as the date after which only a small number of new cases occur.

Results

The timing of pandemic control depends highly on vaccination coverage, effectiveness, and adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions. In Dane County and Milwaukee, if 50% of the population is vaccinated with a daily vaccination capacity of 0.25% of the population, vaccine effectiveness of 90%, and the adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions is 60%, controlled spread could be achieved by June 2021 versus October 2021 in Dane County and November 2021 in Milwaukee without vaccine.

Discussion

In controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the impact of vaccination varies widely depending not only on effectiveness and coverage, but also concurrent adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions.
Environmental stability of porcine respiratory coronavirus in aquatic environments
Authors: De Rijcke Maarten , Shaikh Hisham Mohammed , Mees Jan , Nauwynck Hans , Vandegehuchte Michiel Bert
Published: July 2021

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a family of viruses that are best known as the causative agents of human diseases like the common cold, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. CoVs spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact. There is, however, concern about potential waterborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, as it has been found in wastewater facilities and rivers. To date, little is known about the stability of SARS-CoV-2 or any other free coronavirus in aquatic environments. The inactivation of terrestrial CoVs in seawater is rarely studied. Here, we use a porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) that is commonly found in animal husbandry as a surrogate to study the stability of CoVs in natural water. A series of experiments were conducted in which PRCV (strain 91V44) was added to filtered and unfiltered fresh- and saltwater taken from the river Scheldt and the North Sea. Virus titres were then measured by TCID50-assays using swine testicle cell cultures after various incubation times. The results show that viral inactivation of PRCV in filtered seawater can be rapid, with an observed 99% decline in the viral load after just two days, which may depend on temperature and the total suspended matter concentration. PRCV degraded much slower in filtered water from the river Scheldt, taking over 15 days to decline by 99%, which was somewhat faster than the PBS control treatment (T99 = 19.2 days). Overall, the results suggest that terrestrial CoVs are not likely to accumulate in marine environments. Studies into potential interactions with exudates (proteases, nucleases) from the microbial food web are, however, recommended.
Prevalence and risk factors for feather-damaging behavior in psittacine birds: Analysis of a Japanese nationwide survey
Authors: Ebisawa Kazumasa , Nakayama Shunya , Pai Chungyu , Kinoshita Rie , Koie Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

A case control study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of feather-damaging behavior and evaluate the correlation with risk factors among pet psittacine birds in Japan. Although feather-damaging behavior among pet parrots is frequently observed in Japan, its prevalence and potential risk factors have not been investigated. Therefore, we conducted an online questionnaire survey on parrot owners throughout Japan to examine regional differences in feather-damaging behavior and associated risk factors. In total, 2,331 valid responses were obtained. The prevalence of feather-damaging behavior was 11.7%, in general agreement with prior studies. The highest prevalence was among Cockatoos (Cacatuaspp., etc.; 30.6%), followed by Lovebirds (Agapornisspp.; 24.5%) and African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus; 23.7%). Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) for potential risk factors and adjust the confounding of the variables. The odds of feather-damaging behavior were significantly higher for Conures (Aratingaspp.,Pyrrhuraspp.,Thectocercus acuticaudatus,Cyanoliseus patagonus) (ORadj= 2.55,P= 0.005), Pacific parrotlets (Forpus coelestis) (ORadj= 3.96,P< 0.001), African grey parrots (ORadj= 6.74,P< 0.001), Lovebirds (ORadj= 6.79,P< 0.001) and Cockatoos (ORadj= 9.46,P< 0.001) than Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), and for young adults (ORadj= 1.81,P= 0.038) and adults (ORadj= 3.17,P< 0.001) than young birds, and for signs of separation anxiety (ORadj= 1.81,P< 0.001). Species, bird age and signs of separation anxiety were significantly higher risk factors for feather-damaging behavior than any other potential risk factors. Our findings, which include broad species diversity, are a good source of data for predicting risk factors for feather-damaging behavior and could be useful in preventing declines in welfare.
Global and local identities on the balance scale: Predicting transformational leadership and effectiveness in multicultural teams
Authors: Lisak Alon , Harush Raveh
Published: July 2021

The performance of multicultural teams depends, to a great extent, on the effectiveness of their leaders. Transformational leadership is thought to be effective across organizational contexts and national cultures; yet we know little about what shapes these leadership behaviors. This study argues that leaders’ social identity configurations influence their transformational leadership behaviors and leadership effectiveness in multicultural settings. Building upon the global acculturation model, we test the effects of four identity configurations, based on the relative strength and balance of identification with the global and local cultures. We suggest that multicultural team leaders with balanced identity configurations, either glocal (high global, high local) or marginal (low global, low local), demonstrate more transformational leadership and consequently are more effective than leaders with unbalanced (dominant global or dominant local) configurations. Data were collected from 298 MBA students who worked on a four-week project in 77 multicultural teams. We used polynomial regression to capture how the discrepancy between the global and local components of leaders’ identity configurations affects transformational leadership behaviors and effectiveness. The results generally support the theoretical model, showing that the most transformational and effective leaders are those with balanced identity configurations. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
A novel algorithm for 3-D visualization of electrogram duration for substrate-mapping in patients with ischemic heart disease and ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Masjedi Mustafa , Jungen Christiane , Kuklik Pawel , Alken Fares-Alexander , Kahle Ann-Kathrin , Klatt Niklas , Scherschel Katharina , Lorenz Jürgen , Meyer Christian
Published: July 2021

Background

Myocardial slow conduction is a cornerstone of ventricular tachycardia (VT). Prolonged electrogram (EGM) duration is a useful surrogate parameter and manual annotation of EGM characteristics are widely used during catheter-based ablation of the arrhythmogenic substrate. However, this remains time-consuming and prone to inter-operator variability. We aimed to develop an algorithm for 3-D visualization of EGM duration relative to the 17-segment American Heart Association model.

Methods

To calculate and visualize EGM duration, in sinus rhythm acquired high-density maps of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing substrate-based VT ablation using a 64-mini polar basket-catheter with low noise of 0.01 mV were analyzed. Using a custom developed algorithm based on standard deviation and threshold, the relationship between EGM duration, endocardial voltage and ablation areas was studied by creating 17-segment 3-D models and 2-D polar plots.

Results

140,508 EGMs from 272 segments (n = 16 patients, 94% male, age: 66±2.4, ejection fraction: 31±2%) were studied and 3-D visualization of EGM duration was performed. Analysis of signal processing parameters revealed that a 40 ms sliding SD-window, 15% SD-threshold and >70 ms EGM duration cutoff was chosen based on diagnostic odds ratio of 12.77 to visualize rapidly prolonged EGM durations. EGMs > 70 ms matched to 99% of areas within dense scar (<0.2 mV), in 95% of zones within scar border zone (0.2–1.0 mV) and detected ablated areas having resulted in non-inducibility at the end of the procedure. Ablation targets were identified with a sensitivity of 65.6% and a specificity of 94.6% avoiding false positive labeling of prolonged EGMs in segments with healthy myocardium.

Conclusion

The novel algorithm allows rapid visualization of prolonged EGM durations. This may facilitate more objective characterization of arrhythmogenic substrate in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Preventing and managing antimicrobial resistance in the African region: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Iwu-Jaja Chinwe Juliana , Jaca Anelisa , Jaja Ishmael Festus , Jordan Portia , Bhengu Phelele , Iwu Chidozie Declan , Okeibunor Joseph , Karamagi Humphrey , Tumusiime Prosper , Fuller Walter , Yahaya Ali Ahmed , Wiysonge Charles , Gahimbare Laetitia
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a significant threat to global health and food security, typically associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. The high burden of infectious diseases coupled with the weak health systems in most countries of Africa magnifies the risk of increasing AMR and its consequences thereof. This scoping review will be aimed at mapping the evidence on interventions used to prevent and manage antimicrobial resistance in Africa, guided by the “One Health” concept.

Methods

We will consider interventions targeting multiple sectors such as health care systems, the agricultural and veterinary sectors. The outcomes to be considered include reduction of AMR decreased morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases, increased awareness for rational use of antimicrobials and reduced antibiotic consumption. We will include all types of studies regardless of study designs conducted within the context of the WHO African region. Studies will be excluded if they are not conducted in Africa and if they are literature reviews, only describing the concept of AMR without mentioning interventions.

We will include studies identified through a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature databases. In addition, we will search the reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews. Finally, we plan to do a citation search for included studies. Findings of this review will be narratively synthesized.
Efficient interspecies transmission of synthetic prions
Authors: Block Alyssa J. , Shikiya Ronald A. , Eckland Thomas E. , Kincaid Anthony E. , Walters Ryan W. , Ma Jiyan , Bartz Jason C.
Published: July 2021

Prions are comprised solely of PrPSc, the misfolded self-propagating conformation of the cellular protein, PrPC. Synthetic prions are generated in vitro from minimal components and cause bona fide prion disease in animals. It is unknown, however, if synthetic prions can cross the species barrier following interspecies transmission. To investigate this, we inoculated Syrian hamsters with murine synthetic prions. We found that all the animals inoculated with murine synthetic prions developed prion disease characterized by a striking uniformity of clinical onset and signs of disease. Serial intraspecies transmission resulted in a rapid adaptation to hamsters. During the adaptation process, PrPSc electrophoretic migration, glycoform ratios, conformational stability and biological activity as measured by protein misfolding cyclic amplification remained constant. Interestingly, the strain that emerged shares a strikingly similar transmission history, incubation period, clinical course of disease, pathology and biochemical and biological features of PrPSc with 139H, a hamster adapted form of the murine strain 139A. Combined, these data suggest that murine synthetic prions are comprised of bona fide PrPSc with 139A-like strain properties that efficiently crosses the species barrier and rapidly adapts to hamsters resulting in the emergence of a single strain. The efficiency and specificity of interspecies transmission of murine synthetic prions to hamsters, with relevance to brain derived prions, could be a useful model for identification of structure function relationships between PrPSc and PrPC from different species.
Neuer Weg: Institutional Carbon Management an der Universität Graz
Authors: Danzer Julia , Hölbling Stefanie , Kirchengast Gottfried , Tschuchnik Martina , Zettl Ralph
Published: July 2021

Um die Pariser Klimaziele zu erreichen, ist ein aktives Emissionsmanagement auf allen gesellschaftlichen Ebenen erforderlich. Die Universität Graz hat Kompetenzen aufgebaut, um entsprechende Konzepte für Institutionen zu entwickeln und zu erproben. Im Rahmen des neuen Institutional
Carbon Management an der Universität Graz wurden die institutionellen Treibhausgasemissionen erhoben und ein Treibhausgasbudget für das Referenzjahr 2020 erstellt. In der Folge soll ein Reduktionszielpfad mit klaren Maßnahmen festgelegt werden, zudem werden die Emissionen
begleitend vierteljährlich und jährlich beobachtet.
Hydrogen research: technology first, society second?
Authors: Hanusch Frederic , Schad Miriam
Published: July 2021

Hydrogen futures are in the making right in front of our eyes and will determine socio-ecological path dependencies for decades to come. However, expertise on the societal effects of the hydrogen transition is in its infancy. Future energy research needs to include the social sciences,
humanities and interdisciplinary studies: energy cultures have to be examined as well as power relations and anticipation processes since the need for (green) hydrogen is likely to require a massive expansion of renewable energy plants.
Volksbegehren Artenvielfalt: Gesetzesänderungen können auch Ökosystemdienstleistungen in Bayerns Agrarlandschaften stärken
Authors: Hartmann Hanna , Haensel Maria , Riebl Rebekka , Lohse Eva Julia , Koellner Thomas
Published: July 2021

Mit dem Volksbegehren Artenvielfalt wurden Änderungen im Bayerischen Naturschutzgesetz für besseren Arten- und Biotopschutz angestoßen. Auf Basis einer Literaturstudie betrachten wir, welches Potenzial diese Änderungen auch für Ökosystemdienstleistungen
in der Agrarlandschaft haben können.The Bavarian referendum Biodiversity and Natural Beauty (Volksbegehren Artenvielfalt) has led to significant changes in Bavarian environmental legislation. This article investigates and assesses the potential impact of the referendum on ecosystem
services (ES) based on existing literature. For this purpose, we selected all the legislative changes that are assumed to directly impact ES in agricultural landscapes. Little research exists on many of the specific relationships for the legislative changes discussed, particularly concerning
cultural ES. Nonetheless, for the majority of the legislative changes, the reviewed studies suggest a positive impact on ES. Although we did not find any neutral or negative effects on ES, they are possible in individual cases based on local site conditions and the specific design of the measures.
Habitat function and genetic resource maintenance are likely to benefit the most from the legislative changes. Yet, many other ES may be positively influenced, especially in combination with funding law measures and the planned positions for wildlife habitat and biodiversity advisors. The
actual effects in Bavarian landscapes should be scientifically investigated.
Evaluation of Fractalkine and Migration Inhibitory in the Patient with Atherosclerosis
Authors: AL-Nazal Huda W.A. , Al-Kufaishi Ali M.A. , Dakhel Khalid M.
Published: July 2021

Atherosclerosis (AS) a is the major underlying clinical mechanism of CVD. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally, many factors such as MIF, CX3CL1, GSH and MDA were isociated with atherosclerosis. Materials and method: Sixty back to back patients with conclusion of atherosclerosis along with 30 sound control subjects were enlisted. Venous blood tests were gathered not long before the coronary atheterization methodology (in examination patients). MIF, CX3CL1, GSH and MDA fixation was resolved utilizing financially accessible colorimetric kits. Results: The most elevated value of MIF, MDA, FKN in patient group while decline of GSH in serum level patients. (0.482, 0.512 (ng\ml), 7.28 (μmole/L), respectively; p<0.05). Conclusion: The new data MIF, CX3CL1, GSH and MDA demonstrate a significant job for these components being developed of atherosclerosis, simultaneously these elements information were reveals insight into their job in tweak the safe reaction and irritation in the aortic divider.
The Effect of Algal Extract of Spirulina Platensis, Cladophora Glomerata on Some Positive and Negative Bacterial Isolates of Gram Stain
Authors: Mohammed Zainab Abd Ameer , Jawad Haifaa M. , Reda Nada Mohammed
Published: July 2021

This study examines the efficacy of the algal alcoholic extract isolated from Cladophora Spirulina platensis and glomerata and testing their efficacy against positive bacteria of Gram stain Staphylococcus aureus and the negative bacteria for Escherichia coli and Klebislla sp. The organic solvent ethanol was used at 95%. The efficacy of the extract was tested against some strains of positive and negative bacteria of Gram stain. The results of the extract showed that the positive bacteria of Gram stain has sensitivity towards the extract higher than the negative bacteria. The highest inhibitory efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus by inhibitive diameter zone of 20 mm and less inhibitive against negative bacteria E.coli by inhibitive diameter of 16 mm.
Reinforcing Glaze Layer of Restorative Dental Zirconia by Adding Nano Alumina Ceramics
Authors: Moosa Jaafar M. , Abdulzahraa Haider G. , Zaidan Shihab A. , Abed Hafidh Y.
Published: July 2021

The objective of this work is to study the effect of adding varying ratios of Nano Alumina to the glazing powder on glazing layer of restorative dental ceramic. The effect of addition is examined by applying Vickers hardness and surface roughness tests on the glazing layer. The specimens have been cut in a cubic form. The specimens were placed in the furnace for sintering up to temperature of 1450 oC. One specimen is glazed with glazing materials and the remaining three specimens are glazed with glazing materials but supported with varying ratios of Nano Alumina (10, 15 and 25 wt%) and all these specimens sintered at 850 oC. It was found that Vickers hardness is increased with increasing the ratios of Nano Alumina but the surface roughness decreased with increasing the ratios of Nano Alumina. Weibull modulus increased with Alumina additive increases for glass coating layer.
Bioactivity of Some Natural and Semisynthetic Coumarin Derived Compounds
Authors: Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Bashir Moath Kahtan , Oglah Mahmood Khudhayer , Khalil Raghad Riyadh , Mohammed Eman Tareq
Published: July 2021

A couple of natural coumarins was identified in the seeds of two apples’ cultivars commonly known as Granny Smith and Red Delicious. The effect of the phenolic hydroxyl moieties found in these products was evaluated on the bioactivity. This evaluation included the structural alteration of these moieties into less hydrophilic ones to explore the significance of the parent moieties on the biological activity. The investigated biopotentials were antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. The antioxidant potential was investigated by detecting the ability of the natural and semisynthetic coumarins to trap the free hydroxyl and DPPH radicals. The antiproliferative potential was assessed via an MTT-depended assay versus eight cancerous-cell lines, included HeLa, SK-OV-3, AR42J, MCF-7, AB12, KYSE-30, LC540, and AMN3. The antibacterial potential was tested versus six common pathogenic bacterial strains via a well-defined disc diffusion assay. These pathogens were Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Shigella dysenteriae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antifungal potential was also screened by utilizing a similar microbiological technique versus three pathogenic fungi, involved Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger. It is concluded that the investigated chemical moiety has a positive influence on the antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials of the natural derivatives, and a negative one on their antibacterial and antifungal potentials.
Identifikasi Molekuler Kapang Asosiasi Spons menggunakan Metode DNA Barcoding
Authors: Larasati Stefanie Jessica Henny , Sabdono Agus , Sibero Mada Triandala
Published: July 2021

Spons merupakan organisme yang memiliki pori-pori dan termasuk kedalam filum Porifera. Hewan ini merupakan filter feeders dimana spons menyaring makanannya masuk kedalam rongga tubuhnya, sehingga spons dapan memakan partikel organik algae, dan mikroba, termasuk kapang. Kapang merupakan mikroorganisme eukariotik dari kingdom fungi, multiseluler, menghasilkan miselium tanpa pembentukan badan buah. Kapang dapat berfungsi sebagai penjaga keseimbangan ekosistem di perairan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi dua isolat kapang yang telah diisolasi dari inang spons di ekosistem mangrove dengan menggunakan DNA barcoding. Metode dalam penelitian ini yaitu peremajaan isolat, karakterisasi morfologi yaitu warna koloni, tekstur, reverse, exudates, sclerotia, bentuk konidia, konidiofor, spora, dan septa. Identifikasi molekuler dari ekstraksi DNA, amplifikasi, elektroforesis, visualisasi DNA, sekuens dan BLAST. Optimasi suhu annealing dilakukan pada amplifikasi DNA. Berdasarkan identifikasi molekuler dengan menggunakan primer universal ITS1 5' TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG 3' dan ITS4 5' TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC 3' dan persamaan homologi, isolat MKMS 2.1 merupakan Trichoderma reesei (100%) dan PKMS 2.2 merupakan spesies Fusarium solani (99,81%). A sponge is an organism that has pores and belongs to the Porifera phylum. These animals are filter feeders where the sponge filters its food into the body cavity, so the sponge can eat organic algae particles, and microbes, including fungi. Mold is a eukaryotic microorganism from Fungi kingdom, multicellular, that forms mycelium without fruiting body formation. Mold has an important role in balancing the environmental quality in an ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to identify two molds that had been isolated from sponge in the mangrove ecosystem using DNA barcoding. The study was conducted in April-October 2019 in Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology using the experimental laboratory method. The methods in this research were isolation refreshment, morphological characterization which were consisted of colony color, texture, reverse, exudates, sclerotia, conidia, conidiophores, spores, and septa. Molecular identification consisted of DNA extraction, amplification, electrophoresis, DNA visualization, sequences and BLAST. Annealing temperature optimization is carried out on DNA amplification. Based on molecular identification using universal primers ITS1 5 'TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG 3' and ITS4 5 'TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC 3' and homological equations, MKMS 2.1 isolates were identified as Trichoderma reesei (100%) and PKMS 2.2 were identified as Fusarium solani (99.81%).
Kajian Morfometri Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) Linnaeus, 1758 (Crustacea: Portunidae) pada Dua Fase Bulan yang Berbeda di Perairan Desa Tunggulsari, Rembang
Authors: Pratiwi Wukir Berliana , Nuraini Ria Azizah Tri , Widianingsih Widianingsih
Published: July 2021

Fase bulan secara periodik mengalami perubahan dan menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi perairan secara fisika, kimia, maupun biologi. Kondisi tersebut di wilayah perairan laut menimbulkan fenomena pasang surut yang memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap kehidupan biota laut seperti rajungan (Portunus pelagicus). Strategi penangkapan yang tepat dapat dilakukan dengan menentukan target satu spesies atau dengan cara melihat fase bulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian morfometri, nisbah kelamin, hubungan lebar berat, dan tingkat kematangan gonad rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) yang tertangkap nelayan pada fase bulan purnama dan bulan mati dari Perairan Desa Tunggulsari, Rembang. Pengambilan data dilakukan terhadap rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) yang tertangkap oleh nelayan dari perairan Desa Tunggulsari. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 9 Januari 2020, 28 Januari 2020, 10 Februari 2020, 25 Februari 2020, 10 Maret 2020, dan 24 Maret 2020. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan uji T statistik menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan komposisi rajungan dari fase bulan purnama dan bulan mati dengan selisih yang tidak signifikan. Rajungan yang tertangkap pada fase bulan purnama memiliki rata-rata ukuran berat dan lebar yang lebih kecil dibandingkan pada fase bulan mati. Analisis power curve hubungan lebar dan berat rajungan yang ada di perairan Desa Tunggulsari bersifat allometrik negatif yang berarti pertumbuhan lebar karapas lebih cepat dibandingkan beratnya.  The lunar phase periodically changes and becomes a factor that affects the waters physically, chemically, and biologically. These conditions in the marine waters cause tidal phenomena which have a major influence on marine life such as blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus). The right fishing strategy can be done by determining the target of one species or by looking at the phases of the moon. This study aims to study the morphometry, sex ratio, weight-width relationship, and maturity level of the crab gonads (Portunus pelagicus) caught by fishermen in the full moon and new moon phases of the Tunggulsari Waters, Rembang. The method used in this research is descriptive exploratory. Research activities were carried out on January 9, 2020, January 28, 2020, February 10, 2020, February 25, 2020, March 10, 2020, and March 24, 2020. The results of the study based on the statistical T test showed that there was an insignificant difference in the catch of the full moon and new moon phases. The crabs that are caught in the full moon phase have an average size of weight and width that is smaller than in the new moon phase. Analysis of the relationship between the width and weight of small crabs in the waters of Tunggulsari Waters is negative allometric, which means that the carapace width grows faster than its weight.
Perubahan Jalur Pelayaran Terhadap Peta Perekonomian Asia Tenggara Dampak Pembangunan Terusan Kra Thailand
Authors: Persada Aninditya Gita Kireina , Setyawanta Lazarus Tri
Published: July 2021

Terusan Kra merupakan kanal yang telah direncanakan pembangunannya oleh Thailand sejak abad ke-17. Dengan dibangunnya terusan Kra yang dimungkinkan berhasil memberi efisiensi terhadap penyingkatan waktu pelayaran di daerah Asia Pasifik tentu akan memberi dampak kerugian yang signifikan pada terusan Malaka yang telah terlebih dahulu dibuat. Dampak pembangunan tersebut akan mempengaruhi perubahan jalur pelayaran serta merubah peta perekonomian Asia Tenggara secara makro. Tujuan dari tulisan ini ada untuk mengetahui dampak dan perubahan signifikan terhadap pembangunan terusan Kra di masa depan. Metode yang digunakan merupakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang menggunakan data sekunder melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan studi dokumen. Adanya terusan Kra akan merubah neraca ekspor dan impor secara signifikan serta akan memberikan perubahan besar ke beberapa negara-negara di Asia Pasifik. Hingga saat ini mulai banyak negara-negara di Asia Tenggara yang mulai merencanakan dan membangun kawasan pantainya agar dapat bersaing saat nantinya Terusan Kra dibuka. The Kra Canal is a canal that Thailand has planned to build since the 17th century. With the construction of the Kra canal, which is possible to provide efficiency in reducing shipping time in the Asia Pacific region, it will certainly have a significant impact on the Malacca canal that was previously built. This development impact will affect changes in shipping lanes and change the economic map of Southeast Asia at a macro level. The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact and significant changes to the development of the Kra canal in the future. The method used is a normative juridical approach that uses secondary data through library research and document study. The existence of the Kra canal will change the export and import balance significantly and will provide big changes for several countries in Asia Pacific. Until now, many countries in Southeast Asia have started planning and building their coastal areas so that they can compete when the Kra Canal opens.
Strategi Pemasaran, Penjualan dan Produksi Olahan Rumput Laut Berbasis IT saat Pandemi Covid-19 di Padepokan Suket Segoro Semarang
Authors: Heriawan Fauzan , Susanto AB , Haryanti Dwi
Published: July 2021

Indonesia memiliki sumberdaya hayati laut yang beragam, salah satunya adalah rumput laut. Tumbuhan ini merupakan sumber komoditi laut yang saat ini mulai dilirik oleh masyarakat karena memiliki nilai ekonomis yang baik Kappaphycus alvarezii salah satunya jenis rumput laut yang memiliki nilai ekonomis karena karagenannya dapat digunakan sebagai bahan makanan, obat-obatan dan kosmetik. Berwirausaha dalam bidang rumput laut khususnya hasil produksi olahan rumput laut menjadi pilihan baru dalam meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat dan mengasah keterampilan. Tingkat produktifitas dalam usaha produk olahan rumput laut kini terhambat karena adanya wabah Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak dari Covid-19 terhadap proses pemasaran, penjualan dan produksi olahan rumput laut. Penelitian ini diambil pada bulan April-September 2020 dilakukan secara deskriptif eksploratif dengan menggunakan metode wawancara online. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dampak Covid-19 ini membawa dampak yang buruk terhadap Padepokan Suket Segoro. Pemasaran, penjualan dan produksi tidak berjalan secara baik. Hasil simulasi penjualan online pada bulan April-Mei 2020 terdapat sebanyak 12 pemesan dan bulan September sebanyak 8 pemesan, dari hasil analisis SWOT yang dilakukan pada masa pandemi Covid-19 Padepokan Suket Segoro perlu melakukan strategi Weakness-Opportunity (WO) dengan memanfaatkan peluang untuk memperbaiki kelemahan.Indonesia has abundant marine biological resources, one of which is seaweed. This plant is a source of marine commodities that are currently starting to be glimpsed by the public because it has a good economic value. Kappaphycus alvarezii is one type of seaweed that has economic value because its carragenan can be used as a food, medicine and cosmetic ingredient. Enterpreneurship in the field of seaweed, especially the product of processed seaweed is a new option in improving the community’s economy and honing skills. The level productivity in the seaweed processed product business is now hampered due to the Covid-19 outbreak. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of Covid-19 on the marketing, sales and production of processed seaweed. This research was taken in April-September 2020 and was conducted in a descriptive exploratory manner using the online interview method. Base on the results of the research on te impact of Covid-19 has a bad impact on Padepokan Suket Segoro. Marketing, sales and production are not going well. The simulation results of online sales in April-May 2020 have 12 orders and 8  in September. From the results of the SWOT analysis carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic Padepokan Suket Segoro needs to carryout a Weakness Opportunity (WO) strategy by making Opportunities improve Weakness.
Indeks Kondisi Kerang Bambu yang Didaratkan Di TPI Tasik Agung, Rembang, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Ramadhani Aulia Dessy , Redjeki Sri , Suprijanto Jusup
Published: July 2021

Kerang bambu merupakan  salah  satu  jenis  Moluska  dari  famili  Solenidae  yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis. Potensi sumberdaya hayati kerang bambu ini menarik untuk diteliti lebih dalam mengingat permintaannya yang semakin meningkat. Upaya pengambilan kerang bambu jika tidak diimbangi dengan selektivitas ukuran dan dilakukan penangkapan secara terus-menerus maka dapat mengakibatkan hilangnya organisme ini. Mengingat masih minimnya informasi mengenai kerang bambu (Solen sp.) sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai morfometri, hubungan panjang dan berat serta indeks kondisi kerang bambu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan panjang cangkang dan berat total serta nilai indeks kondisi dari kerang bambu (Solen sp.). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengukur aspek morfometri seperti panjang, lebar dan berat total. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan antara panjang cangkang dan berat total memiliki nilai b = 3,99 dan R2=0.5742. Nilai indeks kondisi kerang bambu (Solen sp.) dari TPI Tasik Agung, Rembang, Jawa Tengah pada kategori kurus sebesar 1.9% dengan jumlah 1 ekor, kategori sedang sebesar 13,3% dengan jumlah 67 ekor dan kategori gemuk sebesar 86.4% dengan jumlah 433 ekor.Bamboo clams are type of mollusc from the Solenidae family that have economic value. The potential of bamboo clam is interesting to be investigated more deeply considering its increasing demand. Efforts to collect bamboo clams of it’s not balanced with size selectivity and continuous fishing can result in the loss of these organisms. Given the lack of information on bamboo clams (Solen sp.) it is necessary to conduct research on morphometry, length and weight relationship and condition index of bamboo clams. The purpose of this study was to determine condition index value of bamboo clams (Solen sp.). This research was conducted by measuring morphometric aspects such as length, width, and total weight. The result showed that the condition index value of bamboo clams (Solen sp.) in TPI Tasik Agung, R, Central Java in the thin category was 1.9% with 1 individuals, the moderate category was 13.3% with 67 individuals and the fat category was 86.4% with 433 individuals.
Kajian Valuasi Ekonomi Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove Di Desa Kaliwlingi Dan Desa Sawojajar, Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Christy Yonanda Alodea , Setyati Wilis Ari , Pribadi Rudhi
Published: July 2021

Ekosistem hutan mangrove merupakan ekosistem yang berada di kawasan pesisir yang memiliki fungsi fisik, fungsi ekologi dan fungsi ekonomi. Dampak kerusakan ekosistem hutan mangrove dapat dipulihkan dengan adanya kegiatan rehabilitasi dan konservasi di kawasan hutan mangrove. Pemanfaatan nilai ekonomi dari ekosistem hutan mangrove memerlukan perhitungan valuasi ekonomi guna melihat aktivitas ekonomi yang ada pada ekosistem hutan mangrove. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menghitung nilai total ekonomi di ekosistem hutan mangrove dan merekomendasikan strategi pengembangan dan pengelolaan kawasan ekosistem mangrove di Desa Kaliwlingi dan Desa Sawojajar, Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Tengah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan eksploratif. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian yang diambil adalah masyarakat yang mempunyai mata pencaharian berkaitan dengan keberadaan ekosistem hutan mangrove secara langsung dan tidak langsung. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai total ekonomi ekosistem hutan mangrove di Desa Kaliwlingi adalah sebesar Rp 12.912.098.100 yang didapatkan dari total use value sebesar Rp 9.927.638.100 dan total non use value sebesar Rp 2.984.460.000. Nilai total ekonomi di Desa Sawojajar adalah sebesar Rp 5.519.784.145 dengan jumlah nilai use value sebesar Rp 3.670.377.145 dan nilai non use value sebesar Rp 1.849.407.000. Mangrove forest ecosystem are the ecosystem that is located in coastal environment that have a physical function, ecological function and economic function. The effect of damaged can be heal if there is a rehabilitation and conservation in mangrove ecosystem. The value of economic from mangrove ecosystem needs a calculation of valuation to look up the economic activity in mangrove forest ecocsystem. The aim of the research are calculate the economic total value of mangrove forest ecosystem and recommend a developing and managing strategy of mangrove ecosystem at Kaliwlingi Village and Sawojajar village. The method of the research is use descriptive and explorative method. The location of the research conducted by purposive sampling method. The sample of the study is the residents related to the existence of the mangrove ecosystem directly and indirectly. Based on the results of the research showed the total economic of mangrove forest ecosystem in Kaliwlingi Village is Rp 12.912.098.100 that comes from the total amount of use value Rp 9.927.638.100 and non use value Rp 2.984.460.000. The total economic value in Sawojajar village is Rp 5.519.784.145 that comes from the total amount of use value Rp 3.670.377.145 and non use value Rp 1.849.407.000.
Korelasi Panjang Berat Ikan Buntal Pisang Tetraodon lunaris Linnaeus, 1758 (Actinopterygii : Tetraodontidae) di Perairan Pati, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Hapsara Hudanu , Wijayanti Diah Permata , Redjeki Sri
Published: July 2021

Perairan Pati mempunyai kekayaan sumberdaya jenis ikan yang beragam jenisnya. Salah satu hasil tangkapannya adalah Ikan Buntal Pisang (Tetraodon lunaris). Ikan Buntal Pisang memiliki bentuk badan membulat dan ukuran mulut yang kecil dengan moncongnya yang tumpul dan memiliki racun yang disebut tetrodotoksin (TTX). Namun Ikan Buntal Pisang memiliki kandungan gizi yang cukup tinggi dan sebagian masyarakat Pati mengolah ikan ini menjadi ikan asin. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada hasil tangkapan Ikan Buntal Pisang yang didaratkan di PPI Banyutowo oleh nelayan yang melakukan penangkapan di perairan Pati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai hubungan panjang berat Ikan Buntal Pisang yang berada di perairan Pati. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian deskriptif, dimana pengambilan sampling berdasarkan metode pertimbangan (purposive sampling method). Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Februari – April 2016 di PPI Banyutowo. Materi yang digunakan adalah 360 sampel Ikan Buntal Pisang. Sampling Ikan Buntal Pisang dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali yaitu 13 Februari, 12 Maret, dan 9 April 2016. Analisa data berupa analisis hubungan panjang berat Ikan Buntal Pisang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pertumbuhan Ikan Buntal Pisang pada bulan Februari – April 2015 bersifat allometrik positif yang memiliki nilai slope (b) sebesar 3,30. Pati waters has a rich variety of fish species. One of the catches is Green Rough-Backed Puffer (Tetraodon lunaris). Green Rough-Backed Puffer  have a rounded body shape and small mouth size with a blunt snout and a poison called tetrodotoxin (TTX). But this fish has a high nutritional content and some Pati people process this fish into salted fish. This research is based on the catch of Green Rough-Backed Puffer landed in PPI Banyutowo by fishermen who make arrests in the waters of Pati. This study aims to determine the value of the long weight relationship of Green Rough-Backed Puffer in the waters of Pati. This research was conducted with descriptive research method, where sampling was taken based on the method of consideration purposive sampling method. The study was conducted in February - April 2016 at PPI Banyutowo. The material used was 360 samples of Green Rough-Backed Puffer. Sampling of Green Rough-Backed Puffer was carried out 3 times, namely February 13, March 12, and April 9, 2016. Analysis of the data was in the form of an analysis of the long weight relationship of Green Rough-Backed Puffer. The results showed that the growth of Green Rough-Backed Puffer in February - April 2015 was positive allometric which had a slope value (b) of 3,30.