bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and the Digital Humanities: A Handbook for Mutual Understanding
Authors: Radzikowska Milena , Ruecker Stan
Published: January 2022

Designers and digital humanists have successfully worked together for over twenty years, but many people from both fields have yet to enjoy the many opportunities such collaborations represent. This guide prepares readers for working together, outlining disciplinary perspectives, lessons learned and practical exercises.
Leveraging Social Media and Scholarly Discussion for Educator Empowerment
Authors:   Brunswick Secondary College, Kolber Steven , Nicoll Sandy ,   Excelsia College, Australia, McGraw Kelli ,   Queensland University of Technology, Australia, Gaube Nicholas ,   Collège René Cassin, France, Heggart Keith ,   University of Technology Sydney
Published: January 2022

This paper shares insights from an international community of educators who have been using social media as a virtual space for a scholarly reading group: #edureading. The collection of educator narratives presented in this paper show how social networks on Twitter and Flipgrid were used as inclusive environments for teacher-led professional development. This paper is both a report of research involving five practitioners inquiring into their collective experience, and an exercise in building the scholarly capacity of the #edureading group. The accessibility of the social media platforms, as well as the collaborative, inquiry-based approach to scholarly reading, emerge as key themes in the educator narratives. The findings of this research emphasise that professional learning occurring in virtual spaces is open to social mediation using the norms of social networks, rather than the norms of workplaces, jurisdictions or education sectors, and that this can lead to a greater sense of empowerment for educators
Secondary Curriculum Literacy and Teacher Word-Knowledge: Further Findings from a Western Australian ITE Cohort Study
Authors:   Edith Cowan University, Moon Brian , Harris Barbara ,   Edith Cowan University, Hays Anne-Maree ,   Edith Cowan University
Published: January 2022

The Australian Government, in its Professional Standards for Teachers and Australian Curriculum framework, requires that all secondary teachers actively teach the specific literacy of their learning area. Yet achievement of that goal hinges on teachers having first acquired the pre-requisite literate competencies during their own schooling. There are reasons to doubt that this is the case for some graduate teachers, which means attempts to raise standards in schools are beset by a troubling circularity. Here we illustrate the problem with further findings from a Western Australian ITE Cohort Study (n=393), focussing this time on the word knowledge of secondary teaching graduates. Our analysis suggests that some secondary ITE students carry shortcomings from their own schooling that may hamper their ability to teach word knowledge or to self-correct. Current training and resources may thus have limited efficacy for some graduating teachers, placing limits on what can be achieved in schools. We consider the implications for literacy policies and for initial teacher education at secondary level.
A mérnökhallgatók induktív gondolkodása
Authors: Tóth Péter , Pogátsnik Monika
Published: January 2022

A felsőoktatás feladata kettős: (1) felkészíteni a hallgatókat a munkaerő-piaci elvárások kielégítésére, (2) olyan tanulási környezet, feltételek megteremtése, hogy a hallgatók minél nagyobb számban tudják teljesíteni a tantárgyi követelményeket, vagyis minél alacsonyabb mértékű legyen a lemorzsolódás. E kettős követelmény kielégítéséhez alkalmas eljárás lehet a hallgatók transzverzális kompetenciáinak bemeneti, illetve folyamatos monitorozása. E kompetenciák köre igen szerteágazó. Jelen tanulmányunkban a problémamegoldásban fontos szerepet játszó induktív gondolkodásra, illetve annak komponenseire, az absztrakt következtetéses, illetve a diagrammatikus gondolkodásra fókuszáltunk. A kutatásban 212 BSc képzésben tanuló, első évfolyamos műszaki egyetemista vett részt. A kutatás során egy, a munkaerő kiválasztásában széles körben alkalmazott mérőeszközt alkalmaztunk, amit online formában kellett a hallgatóknak kitölteniük. Így az eredmények mellett lehetőség nyílt a megoldási idő rögzítésére itemenként. A kapott eredményeket az IBM SPSS Statistics programmal értékeltük ki. Az elemzés kiterjedt az induktív gondolkodás, illetve annak két alkomponensének, az absztrakt következtetésnek és a diagrammatikus gondolkodásnak háttérváltozók, továbbá időráfordítás szerinti összevetésére, majd a fajlagos teljesítmény definiálására is. Az időráfordítás és a teszten elért teljesítmény között függvénykapcsolatot találtunk. A diagrammatikus feladat itemjeit mélyebb elemzésnek vetettük alá. A hallgatók fejlett analógiás gondolkodással rendelkeznek, viszont a diagrammatikus gondolkodásuk igen eltérő fejlettséget mutat, ami a műszaki problémák megoldása során nehézséget okozhat.
DIETARY CALCIUM INTAKE IN GROUPS OF ACTIVE AND SEDENTARY ELDERLY IN THE CITY OF SANTOS, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL
Authors: de Carvalho Furtado C. , Lombardi I.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Currently, 10% of the Brazilian population is more than 60 years old. Calcium is an essential element to the body, it is produced endogenously and only acquired through daily intake of foods that contain it. The inadequate intake of this nutrient increases the risk of osteoporosis, as well as other diseases, such as hypertension and colon cancer. Therefore, the present study had the objective of evaluating the consumption of dietary calcium by active and sedentary elderly in the city of Santos/SP- Brazil. Methods: Seventy elderly people of both genders were evaluated, on an average age of 69 and 75 years old for active and sedentary groups respectively. For nutritional assessment, we used 24-hour Dietary Recall and the quantification of calcium intake was done by software Avanutri 4.0. Weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured for the assessment of body composition. Results: The data of calcium intake were compared with the recommendations advocated by DRI, which is of 1,200mg/day. Both groups consumed lower amounts of the recommended. However, the group of active elderly had a greater consumption (625,3 and 546,1mg for men and women respectively) in relation to the group of sedentary elderly (517,9 and 501,5mg for men and women, respectively), but there was no statistical difference between the groups. The low consumption may reflect on bone health and other bodily mechanisms of the evaluated groups. Therefore, nutritional education work is indispensable to inform the population.
MIDLIFE CIGARETTE SMOKING AND NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS AMONG DEMENTED OUTPATIENTS
Authors: McMurtray A. , Krishna V. , Nakamoto B. , Diaz N. , Mehta B. , Aboutalib S. , Saito E.
Published: January 2022

Background: Midlife cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk for both midlife neuropsychiatric symptoms and development of dementia later in life. Objective: This study was designed to extend knowledge of these relationships by assessing for increased risk of neuropsychiatric symptoms among demented outpatients related to midlife smoking habits. Design: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Setting: Patients seen in a community based outpatient clinic for treatment of dementia during a one year period. Participants: A total of 38 participants were included in this study, 22 with a history of midlife smoking and 16 lifetime non-smokers. Results: Midlife cigarette smoking was associated with midlife alcohol use (p = 0.023) and presence of delusions (p = 0.031) among demented outpatients. Conclusions: A history of midlife smoking is associated with increased frequency of delusions later in life among demented outpatients and may help identify those at higher risk for developing neuropsychiatric symptoms.
DOES THE MINI NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT-SHORT FORM PREDICT CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN YOUNGER REHABILITATION PATIENTS?
Authors: Wegener L. , James S. , Slattery A. , Satanek M. , Miller M.
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To identify the nutritional status of younger patients on admission to rehabilitation using the Mini Nutritional Assessment – Short Form (MNA-SF) and determine whether the MNA-SF has predictive validity for clinical outcomes in this setting. Design: Retrospective case note audit. Setting: Rehabilitation Unit, Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaïde, Australia. Participants: Fifty four patients under 65 years (mean age 52.9±10 years, 54% female). Measurements: Case notes for adults admitted consecutively to rehabilitation were reviewed. Risk of malnutrition was categorised using the MNA-SF. Outcomes measured were length of stay (LOS), complications and poor participation during admission, change in function, discharge to higher level of care, and acute readmissions and mortality 18 months post discharge. Results: Fourteen (26%) subjects were malnourished and 28 (52%) were at risk of malnutrition as classified by the MNA-SF. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between patients classified as malnourished or at risk of malnutrition and those of normal nutritional status. Conclusion: Over three quarters of subjects were classified as malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. These patients were more likely to have adverse clinical outcomes than their well-nourished counterparts but the difference was not significant. Further research is required to investigate the validity of the MNA-SF and other nutrition screening and assessment tools for adults under 65 years old undergoing rehabilitation.
PREVALENCE OF SARCOPENIA IN ELDERLY WITH DEMENTIA INSTITUTIONALIZED: A MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: Sarabia Cobo C.M. , Pérez V. , Hermosilla C. , Nuñez M.J. , de Lorena P.
Published: January 2022

Objective: Determine the prevalence of sarcopenia, applying the new diagnostic criteria in a group of institutionalized elderly with dementia, analyzing the possible association between sarcopenia, degree of dementia, and nutritional status. Method: Transversal, descriptive, multicenter study with 189 subjects diagnosed with dementia in middle phase. The current criteria for sarcopenia were assessed through several tests (bioimpedance, dynamometry, and physical performance tests). Nutritional status through the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was also assessed. Parametric tests (Student t test and ANOVA) were performed to compare the significant differences between the two stages of dementia according to gender, age, presence of sarcopenia, and MNA, among other tests. Results: 74% were female and the mean age was 82.3 years. Of the participants, 57.1 % were in stage 5 and 42.9 % in stage 6 in GDS. The MNA showed that 54.6 % had risk of malnutrition, 36.2 % were normal, and 9.2% had malnutrition. Of the subjects, 68.78% have shown signs of sarcopenia. There were significant differences for sarcopenia according to the phase of dementia and between sarcopenia and malnutrition status. Conclusions: To our knowledge it is the first study of its kind in Spain under the new criteria for diagnosis of sarcopenia. There seems to be a high percentage of sarcopenia among institutionalized elderly with dementia and this in turn appears to be related to dementia status and states of malnutrition. This syndrome has a significant impact on the population, so early detection is crucial; more studies of this type are required.
Recent Trend of Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation in Korea, 2015–2019
Authors: Lim Young Khi
Published: January 2022

Background: Radiation exposure can occur as a result of occupational activities utilizing sources of radiation. The average level of occupational exposure is generally similar to the global average, but some workers receive more than this. In this study, the occupational exposure data for workers in Korea to check the recent trend of radiation exposure.Materials and Methods: The data collection and analysis are carried out by two separate periods based on the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) survey. One is the year 2003 to 2014 for a recent survey, and the other is 2015 to 2019. All available data were collected by annual reports from radiation dose registry organizations.Results and Discussion: The annual dose over the record level to the total workers did not change much compared with the total increasing number of workers in this period. The dose to the nuclear fuel cycle field has a tendency to decrease. It resulted from the efforts of radiation dose reduction with high technology introduced to this area. Also, it is important result that the radiation dose to the workers in radiography is remarkably reduced.Conclusion: The number of radiation workers and average doses were analyzed for occupational categories in Korea. It still needs cooperative efforts between the dose registry organizations for the efficient dose management of Korean radiation workers.
Constructive Disequilibrium and Transformative Pedagogy
Authors: Nalani Andrew , Gómez Christina , Garrod Andrew
Published: January 2022

In this reflective essay we examined the experiences of a group of students from a small liberal arts college in the United States on a study abroad program to the Marshall Islands to intern as preservice teachers in Marshallese schools. Specifically, we examined 32 students’ critical reflections written once they returned from their programs. We interrogated their understanding of themselves regarding their privilege as American students and the inequality between the two nations. Through their teaching of Marshallese students, they deeply questioned the meaning of privilege, culture, identity, and community. We interpreted these experiences through the lens of transformative learning theory and the notion of constructive disequilibrium. When critical-transformative pedagogies inform these experiences, they nudge students out of their comfort zone and offer them opportunities to consider new possibilities that widen their life trajectories and develop global citizenship. We conclude with advocating for the importance of study abroad experiences.
Actividad de rayos en el departamento de Santander entre 2014 y 2016
Authors: Ardila Murillo Brandon Steven , Soto Ríos Edison Andrés , Velandia López Kevin Alberto
Published: January 2022

Contexto: En este artículo se determinó el parámetro de densidad de descargas a tierra (DDT) en Santander (Colombia) y se hizo un estudio de la actividad de rayos en el departamento entre 2014 y 2016. Método: El territorio departamental se dividió en recuadros de 1 km² y, mediante información de descargas a tierra obtenida de la Red Colombiana de Detección Total de Rayos LINET, se halló la cantidad de flashes promedio anuales por recuadro, lo que corresponde al parámetro de DDT. Así mismo, usando métodos estadísticos, se analizó la variación espacial, temporal, multiplicidad y corriente pico de descarga de retorno de los flashes que incidieron en el departamento. Resultados: Las zonas con mayores valores de DDT se ubican en los municipios de Suaita, Gámbita, Bolívar, Oiba y Charalá. En promedio, se registraron 183.199 flashes anuales, de los cuales el 54,14 % tiene multiplicidad igual a uno. Se observaron picos de actividad de rayos en los meses de abril, mayo, septiembre y octubre entre las 16:00 y las 18:00 y las 22:00 y las 4:00, así como valores de corriente anual media de 33,6 kA para descargas negativas con valores máximos promedio en los meses de octubre, noviembre y diciembre, y de 25,7 kA para descargas positivas con valores máximos promedio en los meses de abril, octubre y noviembre. Conclusiones: Se encontró una marcada influencia de la topografía y de la altitud del terreno en la incidencia de descargas atmosféricas en el departamento, ya que los municipios con mayor actividad de rayos se ubican a los costados de altas cadenas montañosas a alturas menores que 1.500 msnm y los municipios de menor actividad se sitúan sobre páramos y cerros a alturas entre 3.000 y 3.500 msnm. Agradecimientos: A la empresa Keraunos por el suministro de datos de la red Colombiana de Detección Total de Rayos con Tecnología LINET mediante los cuales se realizaron los análisis de la actividad de rayos en Santander. Al Dr. Diego del Rio por suministrar el script para determinar la multiplicidad de los eventos de rayo y aportes adicionales para el desarrollo de este artículo.
Současná podoba environmentální výchovy a její potenciál v ovlivňování environmentálního uvědomění žáků
Authors: Sokolíková Eliška , Andreska Jan
Published: January 2022

Článek představuje výsledky výzkumu, který se zabýval analýzou environmentálního vzdělávání žáků středních škol s důrazem na prozkoumání faktorů ovlivňujících pro-environmentální chování. Výzkum využívá model sestavený na základě metody TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior) a metody NAM (Norm Activation Model). Z analýzy je patrné, že značná část žáků považuje současnou environmentální výchovu za nedostatečnou. Nejčastějším zdrojem informací se v oblasti environmentálního vzdělávání stává pro žáky internet a sociální sítě. Stěžejním determinantem pro-environmentálního chování jsou dle výsledků výzkumu postoje a normy respondentů, které je možné v rámci environmentálního vzdělávání ovlivnit skrze budování povědomí o důsledcích chování. Článek se také vzhledem k odlišným výsledkům jednotlivých zahraničních studií obdobného zaměření zamýšlí nad důležitostí lokálního výzkumu v oblasti rozvoje environmentálního vzdělávání, který je v oblasti analýzy determinantů environmentálního uvědomění stále na samém začátku.
TRADE UNIONS AND BASIC INCOME: SOME DANISH EXPERIENCES
Authors: CHRISTENSEN ERIK
Published: January 2022

Theoretically, there are many good arguments that unions should support a proposal on basic income. The main reason for the Danish trade unions resistance to basic income reform is that it would go against the short-term interest of the unions in organisational self-maintenance. Trade unions will lose power in relation to their members with a basic income. Trade unions have control over individual members by virtue of the collective agreement system and the labour law system. If you have a basic income system, the individual worker will decide when he or she wants to leave his workplace and strike. Suppose a single worker or a group of workers leave their workplace because of dissatisfaction with the working condition. In that case, they will be punished financially according to the rules of labour law rely on any support from their trade union.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and association with parathyroid hormone
Authors: Ravelo Marrero Alejandro José , Guillén Astete Carlos Antonio , Román Miriam Menacho , Coronado Marta Rosillo , Del Rey Sánchez José Manuel , Lozano Ana Gómez , Terán Tinedo María Andreína , Díaz Mónica Vázquez , Gómez Ignacio Arribas
Published: January 2022

Objectives

We evaluated the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D) deficiency in our setting according to season, sex, and age. We also studied the association with parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.

Methods

The study population comprised all patients with requests for assessment of 25-(OH)D between January 1 and December 31, 2018, as registered in the database of the laboratory information system. Major exclusion criteria were pediatric samples (<18 years) and factors affecting 25-(OH)D and/or PTH levels (i.e., kidney injury, liver disease, PTH disorders).

Results

Among 33,601 patients (24,028 women, 9,573 men), the prevalence of 25-(OH)D deficiency was 48%. Prevalence was greater in males than in females (53% vs. 46%). By age group, deficiency was more prevalent in quartile 1 (Q1, 74–87 years) and less prevalent in quartile 2 (Q2, 60–73 years). By season, deficiency was greater in spring (nonsignificant differences with respect to winter) and lower in summer. The association between 25-(OH)D and PTH was assessed in 9,368 persons. Linear regression analysis showed a weak association (coefficient – 0.303). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between 25-(OH)D deficiency and increased PTH (Odds ratio (OR), 1.63). Other risk factors for increased PTH include female sex (OR, 1.27), season (winter, OR 1.63, spring OR 1.16), and age (quartile 1, OR, 3).

Conclusions

The prevalence of 25-(OH)D deficiency differed according to sex, age, and season of the year. Furthermore, elevation of PTH is mainly influenced by low 25-(OH)D, female sex, season, and age.
Study on the speciation of arsenic in the genuine medicinal material honeysuckle
Authors: Peng Congnan , Zhou Juntong , Sun Yaxuan , Yin Hang , Chen Yuxin , Yao Li , Qi Kailin , Huo Qing , Xie Fei
Published: January 2022

Arsenic (As) accumulated in genuine medicinal materials will not only deteriorate the original medicinal properties of the medicinal materials but also harm the eater’s body. In this study, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technology was used to investigate the total As content of honeysuckle in four regions, namely Fengqiu, Henan, Xinmi, Shandong, and Julu, Hebei, as well as the speciation and content of As in the roots, stems, and leaves of honeysuckle. This research shows that the total As content of honeysuckle in the four regions was 0.25–0.3 mg/kg. At 1.5 mol/L H3PO4, 200 W, we performed ultrasonic extraction for 30 min at 60°C and adopted high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) to analyze the As speciation of honeysuckle plants. The soil As speciation mainly exists in the form of As(v). In the medicinal part of honeysuckle, the amount of different As speciation is ranked in the descending order as As(v) > As(iii) > dimethyl As acid > monomethyl As acid > AsC. As(v) is the main speciation, accounting for 64.5% of the total, followed by the most toxic As(iii), which is 18.8%. As(v) absorbed by the root system of honeysuckle from the soil tends to transform to As(iii) when transported upwards, and the transformation process mainly occurs in the roots.
Mathematical formation and analysis of COVID-19 pool tests strategies
Authors: Chandel Sushmita , Bhatnagar Gaurav , Singh Krishna Pratap
Published: January 2022

Objectives

The excessive spread of the pandemic COVID-19 around the globe has put mankind at risk. The medical infrastructure and resources are frazzled, even for the world's top economies, due to the large COVID-19 infection. To cope up with this situation, countries are exploring the pool test strategies. In this paper, a detailed analysis has been done to explore the efficient pooling strategies. Given a population and the known fact that the percentage of people infected by the virus, the minimum number of tests to identify COVID-19 positive cases from the entire population are found. In this paper, the problem is formulated with an objective to find a minimum number of tests in the worst case where exactly one positive sample is there in a pool which can happen considering the fact that the groups are formed by choosing samples randomly. Therefore, the thrust stress is on minimizing the total number of tests by finding varying pool sizes at different levels (not necessarily same size at all levels), although levels can also be controlled.

Methods

Initially the problem is formulated as an optimization problem and there is no constraint on the number of levels upto which pooling can be done. Finding an analytical solution of the problem was challenging and thus the approximate solution was obtained and analyzed. Further, it is observed that many times it is pertinent to put a constraint on the number of levels upto which pooling can be done and thus optimizing with such a constraint is also done using genetic algorithm.

Results

An empirical evaluation on both realistic and synthetic examples is done to show the efficiency of the procedures and for lower values of percentage infection, the total number of tests are very much less than the population size. Further, the findings of this study show that the general COVID-19 pool test gives the better solution for a small infection while as the value of infection becomes significant the single COVID-19 pool test gives better results.

Conclusions

This paper illustrates the formation and analysis of polling strategies, which can be opted for the better utilization of the resources. Two different pooling strategies are proposed and these strategies yield accurate insight considering the worst case scenario. The analysis finds that the proposed bounds can be efficiently exploited to ascertain the pool testing in view of the COVID-19 infection rate.
Simulation and improvement of the separation process of synthesizing vinyl acetate by acetylene gas-phase method
Authors: Zhang Qiuli , Chen Zhaoyang , Song Ziyue , Zhou Jun , Ning Xiaogang , Wu Lei
Published: January 2022

Vinyl acetate, as an essential organic chemical raw material, can be used to produce polyvinyl acetate, polyester vinyl alcohol, and other products. The existing classical vinyl acetate production process has the problems of low product purity and excessive heat load. In this study, in the classical design of the process, acetylene is separated first, and then acetaldehyde is removed with the formation of an azeotrope between ethylene acetate and water. Meanwhile, considering the solubility of acetaldehyde in water and insolubility of vinyl acetate in water, the process was optimized to separate acetic acid after removing acetylene, so as to avoid the azeotrope formation of vinyl acetate and water. The nonrandom two-liquid-Hayden–O’Connell thermodynamic hybrid model was used to simulate the classical process and improved process (IP). Finally, the reflux ratio and theoretical tray number of the main separation equipment of IP were optimized to get the better parameters. The simulated results show that the purity of vinyl acetate increased from 99.1% to 99.8%, the cooling energy consumption was reduced by 16.83%, and the thermal energy consumption was reduced by 6.18%. At the same time, the equipment investment was also decreased.
Doubly robust adaptive LASSO for effect modifier discovery
Authors: Bahamyirou Asma , Schnitzer Mireille E. , Kennedy Edward H. , Blais Lucie , Yang Yi
Published: January 2022

Effect modification occurs when the effect of a treatment on an outcome differsaccording to the level of some pre-treatment variable (the effect modifier). Assessing an effect modifier is not a straight-forward task even for a subject matter expert. In this paper, we propose a two-stageprocedure to automatically selecteffect modifying variables in a Marginal Structural Model (MSM) with a single time point exposure based on the two nuisance quantities (the conditionaloutcome expectation and propensity score). We highlight the performance of our proposal in a simulation study. Finally, to illustrate tractability of our proposed methods, we apply them to analyze a set of pregnancy data. We estimate the conditional expected difference in the counterfactual birth weight if all women were exposed to inhaled corticosteroids during pregnancy versus the counterfactual birthweight if all women were not, using data from asthma medications during pregnancy.
Double Rabi splitting in methylene blue dye-Ag nanocavity
Authors: Han Xiaobo , Li Fang , He Zhicong , Liu Yahui , Hu Huatian , Wang Kai , Lu Peixiang
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate a double Rabi splitting totaling 348 meV in an Ag nanocavity embedding of methylene blue (MB) dye layer, which is ascribed to the equilibrium state of monomer and dimer coexistence in MB dye. At low dye concentration, the single-mode strong coupling between the monomer exciton in MB dye and the Ag nanocavity is observed. As the dye concentration is increased, three hybridized plexciton states are observed, indicating a double Rabi splitting (178 and 170 meV). Furthermore, the double anti-crossing behavior of the three hybrid states is observed by tuning the Ag nanocube size, which validates the multi-mode strong coupling regime. It shows clear evidence on the diverse exciton forms of dye molecules, both of which can interact with plasmonic nanocavity, effectively. Therefore, it provides a good candidate for realizing the multi-mode strong coupling.
The crystal structure of 6-amino-5-carboxypyridin-1-ium pentaiodide monohydrate C6H9I5N2O3
Authors: Li Dan-Xia , Wang Hai-Jun , Yan Zhen-Li , Du Chao-Jun
Published: January 2022

C6H9I5N2O3, triclinic, P1¯ (no. 2), a = 7.4851(5) Å, b = 9.6056(6) Å, c = 12.4084(7) Å, α = 109.119(3)°, β = 99.341(3)°, γ = 92.334(3)°, V = 827.53(9) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0234, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0449, T = 150.0 K.
Revisiting the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: January 2022

This study revisits the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and finds that the existing literature is erroneous regarding the primary unknowns and the number of independent unknowns in the RANS. The literature claims that the Reynolds stress tensor has six independent unknowns, but in fact the six unknowns can be reduced to three that are functions of the three velocity fluctuation components, because the Reynolds stress tensor is simply an integration of a second-order dyadic tensor of flow velocity fluctuations rather than a general symmetric tensor. This difficult situation is resolved by returning to the time of Reynolds in 1895 and revisiting Reynolds’ averaging formulation of turbulence. The study of turbulence modeling could focus on the velocity fluctuations instead of the Reynolds stress. An advantage of modeling the velocity fluctuations is, from both physical and experimental perspectives, that the velocity fluctuation components are observable whereas the Reynolds stress tensor is not.
Európai Újraélesztési Társaság (ERC) 2021. évi újszülött élesztés és az adaptáció támogatása ajánlásának összefoglaló bemutatása
Authors: Pandur Attila , Schiszler Bence , Tóth Balázs , Bogár Bence , Jauch Melinda , Betlehem József , Priskin Gábor , Radnai Balázs
Published: January 2022

Jelen referátum az Európai Reszuszcitációs Társaság (ERC) és az International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) által 2021-ben kiadott újszülött élesztés irányelveit foglalja össze. Terjedelmi okok miatt a referátum nem tartalmazza az egyes lépések teljes körű magyarázatát, a cél az új irányelvek rövid összefoglalása. Az újszülött élesztés guideline-ja lefedi az újszülött ellátást, érthető jól  belépített algoritmus segíti az ellátókat feldolgozni és használnia mindennapi ellátásban a legfrissebb ajánlásokat.A guideline tárgyalja az újszülött resuscitatio lépéseit, az oktatás legfontosabb aspektusait, a hőmérsékletkontrollt. a köldökellátást a megszületést követően, az első állapotfelmérést, a légút, légzés és keringés támogatás lehetőségeit, a szülőkkel történő  kommunikációt.Ezen irányelvek a megszületést követő percekre,órákra vonatkoznak, ugyanakkor az adaptáció lezajlásátkövető első néhány élethét során is alkalmazhatók.
Spirituality, religion and social work in recovery
Authors: El-Nachef Pamela Elias Ka'adan
Published: January 2022

This study addresses the potential role of spirituality in promoting mental health and wellbeing and argues for its utility in the helping professions. Spirituality, as a common human orientation, has long been a central notion in recovery movements. In the first part of the paper the author discusses the differences and overlaps between spirituality and its traditional form, religion. In the second part a questionnaire was used to study laypersons’, and professional helpers’ views on spirituality. The convenience sample comprised 137 persons. Professionals could find spirituality an important resource in their practice and included it in their interventions mainly when their clients had introduced the theme first. Most of the laypersons in the sample were concerned with spiritual issues and regularly practiced meditation or prayer. They conceived spirituality to cope with mental or physical illnesses.
Szegregált lakókörnyezet és nemzetközi prostitúció
Authors: Pásztor Dániel
Published: January 2022

A hazai és nemzetközi prostitúció és emberkereskedelem fontos forrásai lehetnek a szegregált lakókörnyezetek. A mélyszegénység és az elhanyagoló családi környezet „tökéletes” áldozatokat produkál az emberkereskedelemnek, így a szegregált lakókörnyezet, amennyire elszigeteltnek tűnik, annyira része a nemzetközi prostitúciónak. A prostituált beszervezése a jobb életre való csábítás különböző módozatain keresztül történik a szegregált lakókörnyezetben: ilyen például a loverboy metódus. Tapasztalataim szerint a szegregált lakókörnyezet főként Svájc és Németország prostituáltexportőre.
Net heterotrophy in High Arctic first-year and multi-year spring sea ice
Authors: Campbell Karley , Lange B. A. , Landy J. C. , Katlein C. , Nicolaus M. , Anhaus P. , Matero I. , Gradinger R. , Charette J. , Duerksen S. , Tremblay P. , Rysgaard S. , Tranter M. , Haas C. , Michel C.
Published: January 2022

The net productivity of sea ice is determined by the physical and geochemical characteristics of the ice–ocean system and the activity of organisms inhabiting the ice. Differences in habitat suitability between first-year and multi-year sea ice can affect the ice algal community composition and acclimation state, introducing considerable variability to primary production within each ice type. In this study, we characterized the biogeochemical variability between adjacent first-year and multi-year sea ice floes in the Lincoln Sea of the Canadian High Arctic, during the May 2018 Multidisciplinary Arctic Program—Last Ice sampling campaign. Combining measurements of transmitted irradiance from a remotely operated underwater vehicle with laboratory-based oxygen optode incubations, this work shows widespread heterotrophy (net oxygen uptake) in the bottom 10 cm of both ice types, particularly in thick multi-year ice (>2.4 m) and early morning of the 24-h day. Algal acclimation state and species composition varied between ice types despite similar net community production due to widespread light and nutrient limitation. The first-year ice algal community was increasingly dominated over spring by the potentially toxin-producing genus Pseudonitzschia that was acclimated to high and variable light conditions characteristic of a thinner ice habitat with mobile snow cover. In comparison, the multi-year ice harbored more shade-acclimated algae of mixed composition. This work highlights the potential for heterotrophy in sea ice habitats of the High Arctic, including first measurements of such O2-uptake in multi-year ice floes. Observed differences in photophysiology between algae of these sea ice types suggests that a shift toward higher light availability and a younger sea ice cover with climate change does not necessarily result in a more productive system. Instead, it may favor future sea ice algal communities of different species composition, with lower photosynthetic potential but greater resilience to stronger and more variable light conditions.
A Church and Its Charms
Authors: Porter Sarah F.
Published: January 2022

Meletios was exiled for 13 of his 20 years as bishop of Antioch, and at times as many as three other bishops claimed the Antiochene episcopacy during his tenure. Still, in an encomium for Meletios delivered in 386, his protegé John Chrysostom claimed that Meletios managed to enchant the whole city: “Blessed is that man, because he was strong enough to cast such a love charm (ϕίλτρον) on all of you.” John delivered this encomium in a large cruciform church that Meletios campaigned to build. In the church were burials: probably Babylas, a martyr bishop who had died in the Decian persecution about 150 years before, and Meletios himself, interred either in the same grave or a neighboring one. The next year, Dorys the presbyter would fund the pavement of the church’s floors, carpeting them in rich geometric designs and clean black-and-white dedicatory inscriptions.

Using Sara Ahmed’s work on “the cultural politics of emotion,” this article analyzes the cruciform church through three different modes: its architecture, an encomium delivered there, and its mosaic program. The Meletian faction forged alliances with material and space to produce and manage affects of security, love, and pleasure in their communities. These spatial, discursive, and material enchantments encouraged the more decisive affiliation of fourth-century Antiochene Christians with Meletios’s community instead of with his competitors’ communities.
O fonetyce syntaktycznej zapożyczeń
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Perlin Jacek
Published: January 2022

This paper discusses the question of the adaptation of borrowings in Polish. In modern Polish borrowings can be different from native words in terms of phonotactics and the place of stress, rather than due to the existence of non-native phones which are not admitted in standard speech. This work aims to describe all the liaisons characteristic for borrowings but not appearing in native morphemes.
Institutional Coherence and the Evolution of Corporate Governance in Poland
Authors:   University of Bialystok, Owczarczuk Magdalena , Wierzbicka Anna ,   University of Bialystok
Published: January 2022

Goal – the purpose of the article is to present the significance and role of institutional coherence in the development and evolution of corporate governance in Poland. Research methodology – a review of the literature on examining the specificity of knowledge about the role of institutional coherence in the development and evolution of corporate governance in Poland and analysis and assessment of the changes in good practice codes in Poland. Score/results – a systemic approach to the issue of corporate governance reveals that it is a collection of both formal and informal institutions. Through mutual interac tion, corporate governance rules lead to the emergence of a relatively stable and predictable environment in which enterprises and their stakeholders can operate. Originality/value – analysis of good practice codes in Poland reveals that the process of their adjustment to the current social and cultural norms, as well as to the expectations of the market, can be positively evaluated, as evidenced by the fact that their new editions continue to be published. The provisions which appear in good practice codes year by year adequately reflect the needs and expectations of the market.
Long-term survival of metastatic small intestine neuroendocrine tumors: a meta-analysis
Authors: Van Den Heede Klaas , Chidambaram Swathikan , Van Slycke Sam , Brusselaers Nele , Warfvinge Carl Fredrik , Ohlsson Håkan , Gustafsson Rita , Nordenström Erik , Almquist Martin
Published: January 2022

This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the long-term survival and prognostic factors in patients with metastatic small intestine neuroendocrine tumors (siNETs). Patients with siNETs usually present with advanced disease, limiting curative treatment options. The overall survival seems favorable compared to other cancers, but differences in terminology, lack of consistent coding, conflicting results from smaller cohorts, and recent developments of new treatment options make (reliable) survival data difficult to achieve. Nevertheless, accurate survival data are essential for many facets of health care. A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE®(PubMed), EMBASE®, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to June 30, 2021. Studies were included if the overall survival data in patients with metastatic siNETs were reported. The results were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis and are reported as hazard ratios and 95% CIs. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to assess the observed heterogeneity and the impact of important prognostic factors. After screening 9065 abstracts, there were 23 studies, published between 1995 and 2021, that met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 8636 patients. The weighted 5- and 10-year overall survival was 67 and 37%, respectively. Meta-regression identified younger age and primary tumor resection to be associated with better prognosis. Subgroup analyses showed similar results. This study confirms that in an advanced, metastatic setting, the weighted 5- and 10-year overall survival reveal a favorable prognosis, improving over the last few decades. Meta-regression showed that age at diagnosis is an important prognostic factor.
Initial response of young people with thyrotoxicosis to block and replace or dose titration thionamide
Authors: Wood Claire L , Morrison Niamh , Cole Michael , Donaldson Malcolm , Dunger David B , Wood Ruth , Pearce Simon H S , Cheetham Timothy D
Published: January 2022

Objective

Patients with thyrotoxicosis are treated with anti-thyroid drug (ATD) using block and replace (BR) or a smaller, titrated dose of ATD (dose titration, DT).

Design

A multi-centre, phase III, open-label trial of newly diagnosed paediatric thyrotoxicosis patients randomised to BR/DT. We compared the biochemical response to BR/DT in the first 6 months of therapy.

Methods

Patients commenced 0.75 mg/kg carbimazole (CBZ) daily with randomisation to BR/DT. We examined baseline patient characteristics, CBZ dose, time to serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)/free thyroxine (FT4) normalisation and BMI Z-score change.

Results

There were 80 patients (baseline) and 78 patients (61 female) at 6 months. Mean CBZ dose was 0.9 mg/kg/day (BR) and 0.5 mg/kg/day (DT). There was no difference in time to non-suppressed TSH concentration; 16 of 39 patients (BR) and 11 of 39 (DT) had suppressed TSH at 6 months. Patients with suppressed TSH had higher mean baseline FT4 levels (72.7 vs 51.7 pmol/L; 95% CI for difference 1.73, 31.7; P = 0.029). Time to normalise FT4 levels was reduced in DT (log-rank test, P = 0.049) with 50% attaining normal FT4 at 28 days (95% CI 25, 32) vs 35 days in BR (95% CI 28, 58). Mean BMI Z-score increased from 0.10 to 0.81 at 6 months (95% CI for difference 0.57, 0.86; P < 0.001) and was greatest in patients with higher baseline FT4 concentrations.

Conclusions

DT-treated patients normalised FT4 concentrations more quickly than BR. Overall, 94% of patients have normal FT4 levels after 6 months, but 33% still have TSH suppression. Excessive weight gain occurs with both BR and DT therapy.
Rise and fall of thyroid radiologic density during the time course of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Felix Laure , Jacon Peggy , Lugosi Maxime , Cristante Justine , Roux Julie , Chabre Olivier
Published: January 2022

Background and Objective

It has been reported recently in a cross sectional study that patients with amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) showed a ‘white’ thyroid on unenhanced computed tomography, due to intrathyroid iodine accumulation. However, the link between increase in thyroid radiologic density and amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis remains unknown. We sought to analyze this link.

Methods

We present the case of a 34-year-old patient with severe sarcoidosis-related hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who was followed with successive unenhanced CT scans integrated with FDG PET scans. After the first CT scans the patient, who initially had a normal thyroid function, was exposed to amiodarone during 23 months and developed AIT, very likely by thyroiditis (AIT type 2). There were no thyroid antibodies, no evidence of thyroid sarcoidosis on FDG PET scan, while thyroid sonogram showed a homogenous 22 ml moderate goiter with normal echogenicity and no nodules.

Results

Analysis of the successive enhanced CT scans revealed that after initiation of amiodarone treatment, thyroid radiologic density steadily increased before detection of AIT, peaked after cessation of amiodarone and initiation of thyrotoxicosis treatment, before returning to normal as thyrotoxicosis receded. Thyroid volume also showed a moderate increase, peaking at the detection of thyrotoxicosis, before returning to normal.

Conclusion

This case suggests that AIT is preceded by a very high intrathyroid iodine accumulation before the ‘burst’ of thyroiditis occurs and that measurements of thyroid gland radiological density might predict the development and remission of AIT.
TSHB R75G is a founder variant and prevalent cause of low or undetectable TSH in Indian Jews
Authors: Shaki David , Eskin-Schwartz Marina , Hadar Noam , Bosin Emily , Carmon Lior , Refetoff Samuel , Hershkovitz Eli , Birk Ohad S , Haim Alon
Published: January 2022

Objective

Bi-allelic loss-of-function mutations in TSHB, encoding the beta subunit of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), cause congenital hypothyroidism. Homozygosity for the TSHB p.R75G variant, previously described in South Asian individuals, does not alter TSH function but abrogates its detection by some immune detection-based platforms, leading to erroneous diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. We set out to identify and determine the carrier rate of the p.R75G variant among clinically euthyroid Bene Israel Indian Jews, to examine the possible founder origin of this variant worldwide, and to determine the phenotypic effects of its heterozygosity.

Design

Molecular genetic studies of Bene Israel Jews and comparative studies with South Asian cohort.

Methods

TSHB p.R75G variant tested by Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Haplotype analysis in the vicinity of the TSHB gene performed using SNP arrays.

Results

Clinically euthyroid individuals with low or undetectable TSH levels from three apparently unrelated Israeli Jewish families of Bene Israel ethnicity, originating from the Mumbai region of India, were found heterozygous or homozygous for the p.R75G TSHB variant. Extremely high carrier rate of p.R75G TSHB in Bene Israel Indian Jews (~4%) was observed. A haplotype block of 239.7 kB in the vicinity of TSHB shared by Bene Israel and individuals of South Asian origin was detected.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the high prevalence of the R75G TSHB variant in euthyroid Bene Israel Indian Jews, demonstrate that heterozygosity of this variant can cause erroneous detection of subnormal TSH levels, and show that R75G TSHB is an ancient founder variant, delineating shared ancestry of its carriers.
2022 European Thyroid Association Guideline for the management of pediatric Graves’ disease
Authors: Mooij Christiaan F , Cheetham Timothy D , Verburg Frederik A , Eckstein Anja , Pearce Simon H , Léger Juliane , van Trotsenburg A S Paul
Published: January 2022

Hyperthyroidism caused by Graves’ disease (GD) is a relatively rare disease in children. Treatment options are the same as in adults – antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine (RAI) or thyroid surgery, but the risks and benefits of each modality are different. The European Thyroid Association guideline provides new recommendations for the management of pediatric GD with and without orbitopathy. Clinicians should be alert that GD may present with behavioral changes or declining academic performance in children. Measurement of serum TSH receptor antibodies is recommended for all pediatric patients with hyperthyroidism. Management recommendations include the first-line use of a prolonged course of methimazole/carbimazole ATD treatment (3 years or more), a preference for dose titration instead of block and replace ATD, and to avoid propylthiouracil use. Where definitive treatment is required either total thyroidectomy or RAI is recommended, aiming for complete thyroid ablation with a personalized RAI activity. We recommend avoiding RAI in children under 10 years of age but favor surgery in patients with large goiter. Pediatric endocrinologists should be involved in all cases.