bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redes masónicas epistolares entre Marruecos, México y Cuba durante la segunda República española
Authors: Aguiar Bobet Valeria
Published: June 2018

Durante la segunda república española, los contactos de las logias españolas del Norte de África y algunos talleres de América Latina fueron constantes. El intercambio epistolar adquirió cifras destacables con logias pertenecientes a la Gran Logia Oriental Peninsular de Yucatán, la Gran Logia “Unida Mexicana” de Veracruz o La Gran Logia de la Isla de Cuba. Dentro del marco geográfico del protectorado español de Marruecos y plazas de soberanía, destacan talleres como Perseverancia no. 70 de Larache o Hércules no. 55 de Ceuta, ambos auspiciados por la Gran Logia Española, así como algunos contactos con la Gran Logia Regional de Marruecos, perteneciente al Gran Oriente Español. Este trabajo nos aproxima a la relevancia y particularidad de estos vínculos, al establecimiento de una red internacional (transoceánica y transcontinental) de solidaridades y colaboración masónica, cuya intensidad superaba las relaciones de talleres europeos, en particular a la de la Península Ibérica.
Las huellas del franquismo en el uso de los signos masónicos en Internet: Algunas fotografías de políticos de la segunda República española
Authors: Hottinger Craig Sylvia
Published: June 2018

Hemos seleccionado cuatro signos considerados masónicos en Internet. En un estudio comparativo visual, hemos elegido dibujos de cuatro signos usados por teoristas de la conspiración. Después los contrastamos con fotografías masónicas auténticas las del Centro de Documentación de la Memoria Histórica en Salamanca (España) en que se ve el uso del signo. Finalmente comparamos las fotografías auténticas con las fotos de prensa de los políticos de la Segunda República subidas a la red, puesto que muchos de ellos eran masones conocidos. En este trabajo identificamos los políticos posiblemente masones para saber si hicieron uso de signos masónicos en las fotos de prensa para identificarse y dentro de qué contexto fueron subidos a la red.
Imperialismo liberomuratorio? L’impatto della ‘questione dalmata’ sulla massoneria italiana (1914-1919)
Authors: Novarino Marco
Published: June 2018

La Prima guerra mondiale mise la massoneria italiana di fronte al difficile compito di conciliare l’universalismo libero muratorio con le esigenze patriottiche. La svolta ‘nazionalista’ impressa dalla gran maestranza di Ernesto Nathan (1917-1918) ampliò ulteriormente la forbice della vexata quaestio “cosmopolitismo/nazionalismo” introducendo delle derive imperialiste, che segnarono un definitivo distacco dal pensiero mazziniano e dai valori risorgimentali professati e difesi almeno fino nel primo decennio del Novecento. Il sostegno alle politiche di annessione della Dalmazia divenne la cartina al tornasole per comprendere l’evoluzione nazionalista del Grande Oriente d’Italia durante il conflitto e nell’immediato dopoguerra.
A Maçonaria no espaço insular atlântico português: As origens católicas da maçonaria madeirense
Authors: Santos Fernanda Cristina , Franco José Eduardo
Published: June 2018

Séculos de polémicas, proibições e ataques mútuos tornaram a Maçonaria e a Igreja Católica uma espécie de adversários irreconciliáveis. Não obstante, não deixa de ser paradoxal a atração que a Maçonaria exerceu sobre membros da Igreja. Nas fileiras da maçonaria e, em particular, nos quadros das lideranças maçónicas, contaram-se membros provindos da Igreja Católica, nomeadamente do seu clero secular e regular. Se isto foi verdade a nível internacional, foi, mais ainda,  de modo especial para o nosso caso de estudo, que é o arquipélago da Madeira. Como explicar esta atração e este transpor de fronteiras proibidas, mormente da parte dos católicos que aderiram à Maçonaria, continuando a sua prática católica? Ao longo deste estudo vamos tentar compreender a Maçonaria como um movimento e uma instituição, latu sensu assim definida, que procurou constituir elites com um certo nível de preparação intelectual e de influência social.
Masonería y espacio público: El debate en torno a la “escuela atea” en Chile 1872
Authors: Cortes Quintana Ivonne
Published: June 2018

En Chile a mediados del siglo XIX, el tema de la educación fue adquiriendo gran importancia en el debate público. Desde aquí, las autoridades problematizaban acerca del mejor modelo educativo para el desarrollo de la República y la consecución del progreso. En este contexto, se produjo en Valparaíso, un enfrentamiento entre dos modelos de modernidad, que por ese entonces disputaban su legitimidad en la naciente esfera pública. Por una parte, la Masonería impulsó un desafiante proyecto educativo laico al fundar la escuela “Blas Cuevas”. La iglesia y sus defensores por su parte, en defensa de un proyecto más tradicionalista, se opusieron fervientemente a la iniciativa calificándola de “atea” e iniciando una ofensiva comunicacional en su contra. Nuestro trabajo busca analizar el debate entre ambos actores, dando cuenta de sus argumentos, estrategias y legitimación como actor dentro de la esfera pública.
Liberalismo y masonería entre Europa y América. Diego Correa (1772-1843) de Manuel Hernández González
Authors: Guisado Cuellar Angel
Published: June 2018

Reseña bibliográfica sobre Título: Liberalismo y masonería entre Europa y América. Diego Correa (1772-1843).Autor: Manuel Hernández González.Editorial: Ediciones Idea.Fecha de 1ª Edición: 2017.Lugar: Santa Cruz de Tenerife (España).ISBN: 978-84-16759-50-7Número de páginas: 245Idioma: español
Politeness and prosody in the co-construction of medical provider persona styles and patient relationships
Authors: Vickers Caroline H. , Goble Ryan
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how politeness and prosody work in the construction of medical provider communicative styles. Data are taken from a corpus of audio-recorded and transcribed bilingual Spanish-English medical consultations in a community clinic in the United States. Through discourse analysis and prosodic analysis, we demonstrate that particular linguistic features contribute to the construction of stances associated with two medical-provider particular communicative styles that we identify as an egalitarian communicative style and an authoritarian communicative style. We also indicate ways in which these communicative styles may impact patient health outcomes in the local clinical context. Implications include the need for further research that engages in fine-grained linguistic analysis to understand provider styles and their relationship to patient health outcomes.
Narrative in support of an end-state statement
Authors: Tickoo Asha
Published: June 2018

This study examines Chinese learners’ use, and acquisition, of a specialized genre of English narrative: narrative in support of an end-state statement (NIE). It uses a comparative assessment of English and Chinese NIE to understand learner text at three levels of proficiency. The study identifies differences between English and Chinese NIE in the backdrop of broad configurational commonality: unlike English, Chinese allows for less definition in thematic delimitation, formal marking of developmental design, and narrative texture, as well as the distinctive feature of a linguistic separation of crucial from subsidiary elements of the narrative development. These differences, together, suggest the accommodation of a less explicit, more implicational style of narration. The influence of this difference is apparent in the acquisition of both NIE-specific and more general lexico-syntactic features. But learning follows a linear progression across the two lower levels of proficiency, in the direction of the target configuration. At the highest level of proficiency, when students are both most fluent and most confident, however, this very advantage makes them ‘break free’, and, so, they deviate from expected practice, in a reversion to internalized first-language (L1) discoursal practice. Pedagogical implications arising from the study findings are considered.
Expert writers’ descriptions and justifications of research instruments and materials
Authors: Lim Jason Miin-Hwa
Published: June 2018

The Methods section often serves as the driving force in the construction of empirical research reports. In research writing in particular, novice writers often overlook the importance of promotional elements that describe and justify the use of their research materials and instruments. In the present study, a discourse-analytic genre-based approach was used to study the information elements in a corpus of 32 experimental research reports published in eight established journals on language education. The related descriptions require the use of imperative clauses, verb phrases indicating obligations and functions, predicator-adverbial structures highlighting degrees of commonality and noun phrases denoting circumstances. Justifications of the use of research materials and instruments recurrently involve (1) structures that demonstrate writers’ cognizance of difficulty levels, (2) means adjuncts indicating consistency, (3) integral citations in participial clauses and (4) cogent statements associating recent endorsements sought from multiple specialist informants in an academic community. The findings obtained can be used by instructors to demonstrate how contextual knowledge and communicative resources are generally used by expert writers to persuasively construct methodological knowledge.
Теплообмін при конденсації всередині мініканалів
Authors: Горін В.В.
Published: June 2018

У роботі проведено аналіз експериментальних досліджень конденсації робочих речовин всередині мініканалів із літературних джерел. Наведено залежності коефіцієнтів тепловіддачі від масового паровмісту за різними масовими швидкостями та тепловими потоками. Показано вплив на тепловіддачу геометричних форм та розмірів мініканалів.
Application of the Open Cycle Stirling Engine Driven with Liquid Nitrogen for the Non-Polluting Automobiles
Authors: Kravchenko M.B.
Published: June 2018

Progress on advancing technology of using liquid nitrogen for the non-polluting automobiles is reported. It is shown that the low exergy efficiency of the known engines fueled with liquid nitrogen has discredited the very idea of a cryomobile. The design of the open-cycle cryogenic Stirling engine is proposed. This engine allows extracting up to 57% of the exergy accumulated in liquid nitrogen. The method used to calculate of such open-cycle Stirling engine is described and the calculation results and discussion are presented. It is shown that 200 liters of liquid nitrogen is sufficient for 180 km range of cryomobile at speed of 55 km/h, while a full charge of the 300-kilogram battery of Nissan LEAF electric vehicle is sufficient for a range of 160 km. Use of liquid nitrogen or liquid air as an energy vector in a transport will not require scarce materials, and, in comparison with using of lithium-ion batteries or hydrogen, this will require less capital investment.
Шляхи підвищення енергоефективності систем кондиціювання повітря в басейні
Authors: Жихаpєва Н.В. , Бабой Є.О. , Талибли Р.Е. , Жихарєва Н.О.
Published: June 2018

В роботі розглянуті шляхи підвищення ефективності систем кондиціювання повітря для закритих басейнів цілорічного функціонування, розглянуті деякі технології i елементи, вдосконалення яких безпосередньо підвищує енергоефективність i знижує споживання електроенергії в річному циклі використання систем кондиціювання в які входять осушувачі повітря. Шляхами підвищення енергоефективності системи кондиціювання повітря басейну є: економічно-доцільна ізоляція, використання рекуператора, застосування байпасування та врахування нестаціонарності теплонадходження. Особливий інтерес представляє зниження добового споживання енергії та оцінка часу підготовки після функціонування в нічному режимі очікування систем забезпечення мікроклімату в приміщенні з басейном Показані результати розрахунків за розробленою методикою, яка враховує нестаціонарні тепловологістні зовнішні та внутрішні навантаження та вплив чинників обладнання та дані рекомендації.
Cooling System for Primary Low Temperature Processing and Storage of Grains of Small Frachioned
Authors: Petushenko S.
Published: June 2018

The analysis of different aspects of grain refrigeration on elevators of Ukraine, Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)   and in the world is carried out. The advantage of the refrigeration method is shown  concerning the quality  and   of energy conservation. A comparative analysis of various types of refrigeration machines operating on ozone-friendly refrigerants has been carried out. It is shown that it is more profitable to use heat that is worked out from refrigerating machines.
Разработка алгоритмов управления процессами охлаждения продуктов в туннельных камерах
Authors: Дубна С.М. , Гурский А.А. , Гончаренко А.Е. , Пантелюк Н.А.
Published: June 2018

В статье рассматриваются системы управления процессами охлаждения продуктов в туннельных камерах. Представляется разработанная лабораторная холодильная установка с туннельной камерой как физическая модель для экспериментальных исследований рассматриваемых систем управления. Реализуются модели систем управления в среде MATLAB\Simulink. Представляются законы управления различных систем. Выполняется сравнительный анализ результатов моделирования систем управления для дальнейшей проверки принципиальной пригодности их на базе лабораторной холодильной установки.В заключительной части работы делается вывод об актуальности применения системы управления, функционирующей по принципу согласованного регулирования и координирующего управления.
Автоматизована система для визначення теплофізичних властивостей технічних речовин
Authors: Бодюл О.С.
Published: June 2018

Розроблена автоматизована система ThermoPro 5 для розрахунку теплофізичних властивостей більше 50 речовин. В автоматизованій системі в основному представлені сучасні рівняння стану фундаментального типу, а також віріального рівняння стану для високих температур і тисків. В системі використовується теоретичне рівняння стану твердої речовини (метану, ксенону), побудоване в рамках теорії обурення, де в якості нульового наближення виступає кристал, що складається з сферичних молекул, а в якості потенціалу обурення – октуполь-октупольна взаємодія молекул. Система забезпечує розрахунок понад 30 властивостей, серед яких густина, ен-тальпія, ентропія, теплоємності, швидкість звуку, в'язкість, теплопровідність, ізотермічний дросель-ефект, коефіцієнт об'ємного розширення, число Прандтля та ін. Ці величини можуть бути визначені в однофазної і двофазної областях і на лініях фазового рівноваги при досить великому діапазоні температур і тисків для дев'яти комбінацій незалежних змінних. Модулі розрахунку властивостей речовин, що входять в систему, можна використовувати в програмах, призначених для вирішення прикладних завдань.
Ексергетична ефективність заміни холодильного агента R410А на R32 у split-кондиціонері
Authors: Лабай В .Й. , Довбуш О .М. , Ярослав В. Ю. , Омельчук О. В.
Published: June 2018

Розроблено математичну модель ексергетичного методу аналізу роботи одноступеневих хладонових холодильних машин, які використовують в місцевих автономних кондиціонерах. Визначено ексергетичний ККД та втрати ексергії у окремих елементах split-кондиціонера з номінальною холодопродуктивністю 2800 Вт фірми «Daikin» для стандартних зовнішніх температурних умов на холодильних агентах R410A та R32. Встановлено, що заміна холодильного агента R410A на R32 підвищить ексергетичну ефективність split-кондиціонера на 3,4%. Втрати ексергії, встановлені у всіх елементах холодильної машини split-кондиціонера, свідчать які елементи split-кондиціонера треба вдосконалювати для зменшення втрат ексергії в них і загального підвищення ексергетичного ККД.
Анализ перспектив использования пароэжекторной и абсорбцион-ной холодильных установок для охлаждения технологического газа и получения жидкого углеводородного топлива
Authors: Титлов А. С. , Сагала Т. А. , Артюх В. Н. , Дьяченко Т. В.
Published: June 2018

Для типового предприятия нефтеперерабатывающего комплекса проведен численный сравнительный анализ возможностей применения теплоиспользующих пароэжекторных (ПЭХУ) и абсорбционных водоаммиачных (АХУ) холодильных установок, работающих с отходящими нагретыми газовыми потоками. Предполагалось, что температурный уровень при искусственном охлаждении позволит получить конденсат углеводородных фракций н-бутана и н-пентана. В результате расчетов определяются: температура конца охлаждения технологического газа; температура конца охлаждения продуктов сгорания; параметры в характерных точках термодинамических циклов; холодопроизводительность и тепловой коэффициент; тепловая нагрузка теплообменных аппаратов и мощности циркуляционных насосов; поверхности нагрева и габариты теплообменного оборудования; габариты эжекторной группы ПЭХУ. Показано, что технические показатели АХУ (возможность более глубокого охлаждения газа, большее количество получаемого топлива, меньшие суммарные поверхности нагрева теплообменных аппаратов) выше на 20–25%, чем ПЭХУ.
Gas Velosity and Mass Flowrate Scaling Modeling in Microelectronics’ Thermal Control Systems
Authors: Kosoy B. V. , Utaka Y.
Published: June 2018

In the present research we investigate pressure driven flow in the transition and free-molecular flow regimes with the objective of developing unified flow models for microchannels. These models are based on a velocity scaling law, which is valid for a wide range of Knudsen number. Simple slip-based descriptions of flowrate in microchannels are corrected for effects in the transition and free-molecular flow regimes with the introduction of a rarefaction factor. The resulting models can predict the velocity distribution, mass flowrate, pressure and shear stress distribution in rectangular microchannels in the entire Knudsen flow regime.
Метод визначення тепловтрат у вертикальних циліндричних ємностях на основі сумарного термічного опору тепловіддачі
Authors: Задорожный С. А. , Потапов С. Г. , Форсюк А. В.
Published: June 2018

Розглянуто питання енергетичної ефективності одного з елементів системи теплового насосу – бака акумулятора теплової енергії. Характеристикою ефективності даного апарата являється мінімальна величина втрат тепла і для її визначення розроблена модель дослідної установки, яка дала можливість встановити емпіричну залежність.  Проведений ряд досліджень для різних температурних умов навколишнього середовища та з різними варіантами конструкції установки. За отриманими даними визначено дійсні значення сумарних термічних опорів тепловіддачі та встановлено рівняння за яким їх можна визначити з мінімальною похибкою, залежно від зміни температури теплоносія, термічного опору огороджуючою конструкції ємності та температури навколишнього середовища. На основі даних отриманих з дослідної установки проведено порівняння результатів теоретичних розрахунків існуючих методик, результатів за запропонованою залежністю та дійсних даних. Проведена верифікація отриманої залежності на ємностях різних габаритів та місткості при однакових умовах роботи.
Тривимірне моделювання нестаціонарного теплообміну під час охолодження води
Authors: Грищенко Р. В. , Засядько Я. І. , Пилипенко О. Ю. , Форсюк А. В.
Published: June 2018

Проведено дослідження і симулювання процесу нестаціонарного теплообміну під час охолодження води в дослідній секції поблизу охолоджуваної вертикальної трубчастої поверхні. Побудовано та проведено аналіз графіків розподілу швидкості води по всій висоті досліджуваної секції. Отримані результати дозволяють оцінити вплив температури води, що знаходиться поблизу точки інверсії (+4°С), на динаміку танення та генерацію водного льоду, а також на конструктивні параметри акумуляторів холоду. Результати таких програмно-аналітичних досліджень дадуть змогу по-новому підійти до проектування тепломасообмінного обладнання.
Assessment of Higher Ordered Thinking in Medical Education: Multiple Choice Questions and Modified Essay Questions
Authors: Javaeed Arslaan
Published: June 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Multiple choice questions and Modified Essay Questions are two widely used methods of assessment in medical education. There is a lack of substantial evidence whether both forms of questions can assess higher ordered thinking or not. Objective: The objective of this paper is to assess the ability of a well-constructed Multiple-Choice Question (MCQ) to assess higher ordered thinking skills as compared to a Modified Essay Questions (MEQ) in medical education. Methods: The medical education literature was searched for articles related to comparison between multiple choice questions and modified essay questions, looking for credible evidence for using multiple choice questions for assessment of higher ordered thinking. Results and Conclusion: A well-structured MCQ has the capacity to assess higher ordered thinking and because of many other advantages that this format offers. Multiple choice questions should be considered as a preferable choice in undergraduate medical education as literature shows that different levels of Bloom's taxonomy can be assessed by this assessment format and its use for assessing only lower ordered thinking i.e. recall of knowledge, is not very convincing.
Inoculum production and evaluation of temperature and leaf wetness for Passalora sojina inoculation in soybean
Authors: Camera Juliane Nicolodi , Deuner Carolina Cardoso , Ghissi Valéria Cecília , Reis Erlei Melo , Koefender Jana
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to develop a methodology for inoculum production and inoculation of Passalora sojina in soybean to assess the reaction to frogeye leaf spot. Thus, sporulation of fungal races was quantified in five substrates under two light regimes. The temperature and the leaf wetness period that resulted in greater infection efficiency were also determined. Petri dishes containing the culture media Oat Flour Agar (OFA), Tomato Juice (FTJ), V8 agar juice (V8), Infant Food (IF) and Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) plus isolates of P. sojina races 23, 24 and 25 were subjected to 12-h photoperiod and 24-h continuous dark. Inoculated plants were incubated at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ºC and leaf wetness periods of 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours. Experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates. There was interaction among isolate, culture medium and photoperiod. The highest sporulation (conidia/cm2) was obtained in the culture media FTJ (race 23) and V8 (races 24 and 25) under 12-h photoperiod. The optimum temperature for the disease development was 27oC under 72 hours of continuous leaf wetness.
Progresso do oídio em função da fenologia do cajueiro
Authors: Martins Marlon Vagner Valentim , Lima Joilson Silva , Cardoso José Emilson , Viana Francisco Marto Pinto , Ootani Márcio Akio
Published: June 2018

RESUMO O oídio (Pseudoidium anacardii) reduz quantitativa e qualitativamente a produção do cajueiro em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Severas epidemias ocorrem com frequência, iniciando-se durante a floração e se estendendo até o final do ciclo de produção da planta. O progresso da doença está relacionado à densidade de inóculo na área com cajueiros, aos fatores ambientais e à suscetibilidade dos órgãos para a infecção. Face a inexistência de informações sobre a epidemiologia dessa doença, objetivou-se caracterizar o progresso do oídio do cajueiro-anão em função da fenologia da planta. Foram aplicados seis tratamentos correspondentes aos períodos de proteção fenológica, com a aplicação de fungicida à base de enxofre, para quantificar a severidade do oídio nas panículas em duas floradas sucessivas. A partir dos dados coletados, foram geradas curvas de progresso da doença ajustadas a modelos lineares. O modelo Monomolecular foi o que melhor se ajustou às curvas de progresso do oídio nas panículas nas épocas I e II na ausência de proteção com enxofre. No modelo Monomolecular as taxas de progresso do oídio foram maiores na época I em relação à época II. Por outro lado, o modelo Logístico apresentou o melhor ajuste quando se introduziu o enxofre para proteger as panículas e reduzir a epidemia. Para maiores períodos de proteção, não foi possível ajustes de modelos em função da baixa severidade do oídio. É possível utilizar o modelo Monomolecular para estimar a taxa de doença e, o atraso do início da epidemia está diretamente relacionado ao aumento da proteção das panículas.
Genetic diversity between papaya lines and their correlation with heterosis in hybrids for disease resistance and morpho-agronomic traits
Authors: Vivas Marcelo , Cardoso Deisy Lucia , Ramos Helaine Christine Cancela , Santos Pedro Henrique Dias dos , Silveira Silvaldo Felipe da , Moraes Ramon de , Pereira Messias Gonzaga
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify if the genetic divergence between papaya lines, obtained by means of molecular markers, is correlated with heterosis in the hybrids for characteristics related to production, fruit quality and disease resistance. Eight parents and 56 hybrids obtained from diallel crosses were evaluated in randomized blocks, with four replicates. The number of commercial fruits (NCF), the average fruit weight (AFW), the productivity (PROD), the fruit firmness (FIRM) and the total soluble solids (TSS) were evaluated, as well as the severity of black spot on leaves (BSS) and fruits (BSSFr), phoma spot (PSS) and powdery mildew on leaves (PMS). Correlations were estimated between genetic divergence, obtained based on SSR, and heterosis, estimated for each characteristic in four possibilities of crossings within the diallel: i) all crossings; ii) between parents of the ‘Solo’ group; iii) between parents of the ‘Formosa’ group; and iv) between parents of ‘Solo’ with ‘Formosa’ group and ‘Formosa’ with ‘Solo’ group. Results indicate the possibility of exploring heterosis both in crossings between groups and in crossings within groups. The low magnitude of the estimates of correlation between heterosis and morphological characteristics of the hybrids with genetic distance obtained by SSR in the parents indicates that the behavior of hybrids cannot be inferred based on the genetic divergence between parents.
Detection of antifungal activity of plant extracts on Alternaria citrus
Authors: Triaca Tatiane , Cavião Helen Corso , Pansera Márcia Regina , Venturin Leandro , Sartori Valdirene Camatti
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT For approximately 15 years, Brazilian citriculture has suffered considerable losses in productivity and fruit quality as a result of the attack by the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata f.sp. citri, which causes Alternaria brown spot (ABS). The disease control is still performed with the massive use of agrochemicals, reaching up to twenty applications per reproductive period. The present study evaluated the efficiency of in vitro and in vivo ABS control by using fermented extracts of Trifolium pratense and Daucus pusillus as a means to control the disease. Fermented extracts autoclaved at 40% showed 100% inhibition, while the crude extract of both plants had no inhibitory effect. In vivo, the best results were found with the preventive test of non-autoclaved Trifolium pratense, which inhibited the onset of the disease by 93%.
La territorialización del otro: espacio urbano, segregación y cuerpos infames en Rosario, Argentina
Authors: Pascual Cecilia María
Published: June 2018

RESUMEN: El presente artículo construye una mirada histórica sobre el proceso de configuración de áreas urbanas segregadas basadas en principios y lógicas de diferenciación y exclusión. La espacialidad es abordada a través de la observación de sentidos aplicados por lentes normativas sobre los cuerpos y prácticas tipificados como infames, peligrosos y abyectos. La abyección como marca indeleble permite visualizar la conexión existente entre lo anómico o anormal y una imaginación sobre la regularidad que acompaña las construcciones de sentido sobre un deber ser de ciudad moderna. Metodológicamente estos sentidos son aislados tras la triangulación de tipos documentales (prensa, documentación oficial, discurso médico) para contrastar la efectividad de los intentos normativos con los órdenes de prácticas observados. Asimismo, el artículo permite comprender la variabilidad de las construcciones sobre los cuerpos otros y los espacios que habitan y la conexión entre esos otros y aquellos adscriptos a un orden nombrado como regular.
A invenção de uma tradição: as fontes históricas no debate entre afrocentristas e seus críticos
Authors: Bussotti Luca , Nhaueleque Laura António
Published: June 2018

RESUMO: Este artigo visa analisar o uso das fontes históricas no debate entre a corrente filosófica do Afrocentrismo e as críticas que esta recebeu. O Afrocentrismo, principalmente na versão elaborada por Asante, propõe a revisão radical e a superação do paradigma eurocêntrico. O alicerce desta proposta é a ideia de que o pensamento filosófico e científico surgiu em África, nomeadamente na civilização egípcia, considerada “negra”, de acordo com a lição de Anta Diop. As provas de matriz histórica utilizadas pelos afrocentristas foram largamente contestadas. O artigo pretende evidenciar a forte ligação entre elaboração filosófica, aparato ideológico e “invenção” duma tradição histórica por parte do Afrocentrismo, cujo uso instrumental das fontes entra em choque com as regras básicas da ciência histórica. Daqui, as duras críticas recebidas, devido à sua escassa fiabilidade epistemológica e metodológica.
Test-retest reliability of baropodometry in young asyntomatic individuals during semi static and dynamic analysis
Authors: Alves Rennie , Borel Wyngrid Porfirio , Rossi Barbara Palmeira , Vicente Eduardo José Danza , Chagas Paula Silva de Carvalho , Felício Diogo Carvalho
Published: June 2018

Abstract Introduction: Postural control is a multidimensional construct modulated by the integration of sensory information and muscular activity. One of the challenges in clinical practice and scientific research is the postural data collection of objective control data. Thus, baropodometry can be a promising instrument for analysis. Objective: To evaluate the absolute and relative reliability of baropodometry by means of test-retest in young asymptomatic subjects during semi-static and dynamic analysis. Methods: This is a methodological study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFJF (1,803,411). Sample selection was performed by convenience. Healthy individuals aged 18 to 35 years were included in the study without gender restriction. Participants with pain or any clinical signs of overload which led to unfeasible collection were excluded from the analysis. The variables analyzed were contact surface, maximum and mean pressure, index bow, pressure center and pressure areas in the forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot. Results: 33 individuals (total of 66 feet) participated in this study. The mean body mass of the participants was 63.0 ± 9.9kg, height of 163.4 ± 30.1cm, BMI of 23.7 ± 2.8 kg/m2. It was observed that five out of the eight variables evaluated in the semi-static analysis presented high reliability (≥ 0.70). On the other hand, the reproducibility of the measures in the dynamic analysis was low to moderate (≤ 0.69). Conclusion: Baropodometry findings should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice and in scientific research. It is suggested that complementary assessments be made for decision-making assistance.
Application on mobile platform “Idoso Ativo” (Active Aging): exercises for lower limbs combining technology and health
Authors: Santos Cláudia Márcia Ventura Teixeira , Andrade Janaína Alves de , Amorim Alyne do Carmo , Garcia Patricia Azevedo , Carvalho Gustavo Azevedo , Vilaça Karla Helena Coelho
Published: June 2018

Abstract Introduction: The introduction of a healthy lifestyle for the elderly from regular physical exercise is linked to physical independence and social wellness. The increasing integration of technology, including in the elderly’s health area, extends an innovative and interactive approach towards the specific aspects of aging. Objective: To report the development of the application "Idoso Ativo” (Active Aging) with proposed exercises for the elderly population’s lower limbs. Methods: The study belongs to the type ‘original paper’ which describes the development and accomplishment of the application for the health of the elderly. The study had the participation of an elderly model to perform exercises and video recording. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UCB and supported by CNPQ. Results: The Software development proposal involved interdisciplinary work for the selection of exercises for posture, balance and gait, development of the application and the use of a specific programming language with presentation of exercises on screens for easy understanding for the elderly public. Conclusion: The application developed can be adopted as a proposal in scientific studies in the physical therapy area and applied as an innovative resource combining health promotion and disease prevention.
Short-term respiratory exercise effects, different environments, pulmonary functional and physical capacity in elderly
Authors: Rodrigues Mariel Dias , Marquez Renatha Almeida , Montagnini Neto Aldair , Schafauser Nathany Souza , Sanchez Eliane Gouveia de Moraes , Agostinho Patrícia Leão da Silva
Published: June 2018

Abstract Introduction: Aging is often associated with reduced functional capacity (FC) and respiratory muscle strength (RMS). Objective: To verify the short-term aquatic and land-based respiratory exercise effects on RMS, pulmonary function, FC and palmar grip strength (PGS) in healthy elderly women. Methods: A blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted. The sample was composed by 32 elderly women, randomized in two groups: Land-Based Group (LG), and Hydrotherapy Group (HG). Exercise program was performed in two weekly sessions (40 minutes each), during four weeks. Evaluations (anthropometry, manovacuometry and spirometry) were performed; FC by the 6-minute Walk Test (6MWT), and PGS test. All evaluations were performed before and after four-week intervention. Results: About RMS evaluation, there was an improvement in the Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) values from 63.8 ± 19 to 74 ± 20 (p = 0.007) of HG. LG had an increase in forced expiratory flow (FEF) between 25-75% of forced vital capacity (FEF 25-75%) from 82 ± 29 to 101 ± 26 (p = 0.04). There was no statistically significant PGS improvement and walking 6MWT distance in both groups. HG presented lower values of Initial Heart Rate and Diastolic Blood Pressure, both pre (p = 0.006) and post 6MWT (p = 0.041). Conclusion: It may be suggested that, in the short-term, the respiratory exercise aquatic protocol has positive effects on the MEP and cardiovascular parameters in elderly.
Clinical functional evaluation of female's pelvic floor: integrative review
Authors: Fernandes Ana Carolina Nociti Lopes , Reis Bianca Manzan , Patrizzi Lislei Jorge , Meirelles Maria Cristina Cortez Carneiro
Published: June 2018

Abstract Introduction: The effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) depends on the correct prescription of intensity, repetition and endurance of muscle contractions, which are provided by an adequate assessment of pelvic floor muscle. Objective: Verify the techniques, resources and strategies used for clinical functional evaluation of female pelvic floor (PF) described in literature. Methods: It’s an integrative review of published studies and books from 2010 until December 2015. Relevant articles with complete description of PF evaluation were found through the use of Scielo, LILACS, PubMed and Medline databases. Results: 34 articles that fulfilled all the criteria were selected. Conclusion: The most used techniques, resources and strategies were: anamnesis, physical examination, measurement of pelvic floor muscle activity using Modified Oxford Scale or perineometry, and use of questionnaires to analyze patient's perspective of their own symptoms. Thus, we could use the parameters obtained in the evaluation to plan an ideal PFMT for each patient, so the physiotherapist would have a good database to analyze the evolution and define the end of therapy.
Postural changes versus balance control and falls in community-living older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Fernandes Viviane Lemos Silva , Ribeiro Darlan Martins , Fernandes Luciana Caetano , Menezes Ruth Losada de
Published: June 2018

Abstract Introduction: Since falls are considered to be a public health problem, it is important to identify whether postural changes over time contribute to the risk of falls in older adults. Objective: To investigate whether postural changes increase fall risk and/or postural imbalance in healthy, community-dwelling older adults. Methods: In April 2016, two reviewers independently searched the PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL databases for studies in English published in the previous 10 years, using the following combined keywords: “posture” or (“kyphosis”,“lumbar lordosis”,“flexed posture”,“spinal curvature”,“spinal sagittal contour”) AND “elderly” AND “fall”. Study quality was assessed according to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines for observational studies. Results: The search retrieved 1,734 articles. Only observational studies that assessed posture, balance, and/or falls in older adults were considered eligible for review. The final sample included 17 articles: reliability and reproducibility of the instruments were not reported in five studies, while two studies offered a questionable description of the instruments used. Fourteen articles analyzed postural changes at the trunk level and three articles assessed them at the ankles and feet. Most studies found a positive association between postural changes and an increased risk for loss of balance and falls. Conclusion: Thoracic hyperkyphosis, loss of lumbar lordosis, and decreased plantar arch seem to contribute to greater postural instability, and thus to a higher risk of falls in community-living older adults.
Performance in the Deep Squat Test and musculoskeletal injuries: a systematic review
Authors: Bunn Priscila dos Santos , Silva Glória de Paula , Silva Elirez Bezerra da
Published: June 2018

Abstract Introduction: The Deep Squat Test has been applied in pre-season evaluations of sports teams and in military courses to predict the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Objective: To evaluate the association of DS performance and the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Methods: In this systematic review, a search without language or time filters was carried out in MEDLINE, SciELO, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscuss, CINAHL and BVS databases with the following title words: injury prediction, injury risk and deep squat in December 2016. Participants' profile, sample size, classification of musculoskeletal injuries, follow-up time, study design and results were extracted from the studies. Bias risk analysis was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Five studies were included, using different analyzes, whose results varied. Odds ratio ranged from 1.21 to 2.59 (95% CI = 1.01 - 3.28); relative risk was 1.68 (95% CI = 1.50 - 1.87), sensitivity from 3 to 24%, specificity from 90 to 99%, PPV from 42 to 63%, NPV from 72 to 75% and AUC from 51 to 58%. Conclusion: The DS can be a test whose presence of movement dysfunctions is a predictor of the risk of musculoskeletal injuries in individuals who practice physical exercises. However, due to the methodological limitations presented, caution is suggested when interpreting such results. PROSPERO registration: CRD4201706922.
Pattern and Predictors of Outpatient Palliative Care Referral Among Thoracic Medical Oncologists
Authors: Hui David , Kilgore Kelly , Park Minjeong , Liu Diane , Kim Yu Jung , Park Ji Chan , Fossella Frank , Bruera Eduardo
Published: June 2018

Background

There is significant variation in access to palliative care. We examined the pattern of outpatient palliative care referral among thoracic medical oncologists and identified oncologist characteristics associated with greater referral.

Materials and Methods

We retrieved data on all patients who died of advanced thoracic malignancies at our institution between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2012. Using median as a cutoff, we defined two groups (high-referring and low-referring oncologists) based on their frequency of referral. We examined various oncologist- and patient-related characteristics associated with outpatient referral.

Results

Of 1,642 decedents, 444 (27%) had an outpatient palliative care referral. The median proportion of referral among 26 thoracic oncologists was 30% (range 9%–45%; median proportion of high-referring 37% vs. low-referring 24% when divided into two groups at median). High-referring oncologists were significantly younger (age 45 vs. 56) than low-referring oncologists; they were also significantly more likely to refer patients earlier (median interval between oncology consultation and palliative care consultation 90 days vs. 170 days) and to refer those without metastatic disease (7% vs. 2%). In multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression, younger oncologists (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97 per year increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–0.995), younger patients (OR = 0.98 per year increase, 95% CI 0.97–0.99), and nonmetastatic disease status (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.29–0.78) were significantly associated with outpatient palliative care referral.

Conclusion

The pattern of referral to outpatient palliative care varied widely among thoracic oncologists. Younger oncologists were not only referring a higher proportion of patients, but also referring patients earlier in the disease trajectory.

Implications for Practice

This retrospective cohort study found that younger thoracic medical oncologists were significantly more likely to refer patients to outpatient palliative care and to do so earlier in the disease trajectory compared with older oncologists, even after adjusting for other known predictors such as patient demographics. The findings highlight the role of education to standardize palliative care access and imply that outpatient palliative care referral is likely to continue to increase with a shifting oncology workforce.
Critical assessment of evidence related to the 1989 Hillsborough Stadium disaster, UK
Authors: Dickie James Frank
Published: June 2018

The Hillsborough Stadium disaster that unfolded on the Leppings Lane terrace of Sheffield Wednesday Football Club’s ground in Sheffield, UK, on 15 April 1989 resulted in 96 fatalities. Evidence presented to the initial 1989 inquiry, the 1991 civil court case and the 2016 inquest is critically assessed, together with additional relevant research findings. The matters discussed are concerned with fundamental technical principles that provide for spectator safety on terraces such as that on which the disaster unfolded. This paper examines the significance as to the lack of compliance with the applicable guidance. The terrace barrier testing undertaken prior to the disaster is examined and considered inadequate.
Evaluating wind technicians’ performance on safety-critical rescue steps
Authors: Lawani Kenneth , Hare Billy , Cameron Iain
Published: June 2018

This paper reports the results of an analysis on the performance levels of wind technicians at 1 month and 3 months on safety-critical steps using situational judgement tests (SJTs) and job knowledge tests (JKTs) to assess their emergency rescue and evacuation proficiency. The research design is a repeat-measures study (longitudinal), using SJTs and JKTs to assess job-specific knowledge and job-related situations. It measured procedural knowledge in addition to aspects of declarative knowledge and fluid abilities, and this was considered as a good predictor of performance for wind technicians. The results indicate that rescue and evacuation skills decay within 1 month and 3 months after wind turbine rescue and evacuation training with 47 and 20% of technicians experiencing such decay in their skills and knowledge. These findings have practical implications for activities involving rescue and evacuation of workers – for example, crane driver rescue. The implementation of SJTs and JKTs indicates that skill decay takes place within the first 4 weeks after acquisition. Likewise, job knowledge is more resistant to decay compared with skill tasks over the 3 months’ retention time frame for both refresher and new wind technicians.
Field sampling of root-associated microbes for DNA/RNA extraction v1
Authors: Angel Roey
Published: June 2018

This protocol describes a procedure for sampling plant roots in the field for future DNA and RNA extraction for microbiome analysis. The protocol is deliberately designed to be simple and requires no electronic equipment. Root samples are preserved in LifeGuard Soil Preservation Solution for protecting against nucleic acid degradation.
Investigating lexical diversity and lexical sophistication of productive vocabulary in the written discourse of Indonesian EFL learners
Authors: Juanggo Willy
Published: June 2018

This paper reports the findings in investigating lexical diversity and lexical sophistication of productive vocabulary in the written discourse of Indonesian EFL learners. Thirty one students at high school level participated in this study; 15 students were from B1 level and 16 students were from B2 level according to Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Students’ written compositions were used as the main data for this study. The gauge was done based on the result of the calculation of lexical frequency profile (LFP). The result of the calculation showed that the lexical diversity index of students at higher level was greater than that of students at lower level. In addition, based on the calculation per LFP category, it was found that the two groups shared similar patterns of lexical diversity index in which most varied vocabulary used in their writings falls into the second most common 1000 wordlist, followed by vocabulary that belongs to “not in the lists” category and AWL, respectively. Subsequently, the first common 1000 words category became the least varied words used by the learners. In terms of lexical sophistication, it was found that the percentage of advanced vocabulary used by less proficient learners was slightly larger than the percentage of advanced vocabulary used by more proficient learners. However, there was no significant difference found between two groups of learners in terms of lexical diversity and lexical sophistication.
Theme markedness in the translation of student translators
Authors: Sofyan Rudy
Published: June 2018

A good translation product should be able to reflect the typical characteristics of the target language in terms of its function and structure. One of the structure features that can show that the target text (TT) is free from the influence of the structure of the source language (SL) is its theme structure. As there are both marked and unmarked themes, this would be considered as one of the options to characterize the TT structure. This is a research-based article aimed at finding out the extent of theme markedness in the student translators’ TTs. This research used content analysis design, taking 15 student translators as the participants. They were asked to translate two news item texts from English as the source text (ST) into Bahasa Indonesia as the TT. The data were collected using Translog. Based on the data analysis, it was found that: (i) simple unmarked theme (SUT) was the theme most frequently used in both the ST and the TTs; (ii) Indonesian news item texts were characterized by the frequent use of marked themes. This finding indicates that Indonesian news item text puts more emphasis on how the events presented in the text can be easily caught by the readers as SUT is characterized through the use of short clauses with low lexical density. This study concludes that English and Indonesian news item texts share a small number of similarities as most of their clauses are composed of simple marked themes (SMT) but the similarities are outweighed by a large number of differences.