bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Reactivity of Glutaraldehyde Diperoxide in Isopropanol Solution
Authors:   Environmental Technology Research Laboratory, IQUIBA-CONICET Faculty of Exact Sciences and Nat. and Agr. Av. Libertad, Corrientes, Argentina, AG Bordón , MJ Jorge ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Nat. and Agr. Av. Libertad, Corrientes, Argentina, LC Jorge ,   Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of the Northeast, Juan Bautista Cabral, Argentina, MI Profeta ,   Environmental Technology Research Laboratory, IQUIBA-CONICET Faculty of Exact Sciences and Nat. and Agr. Av. Libertad, Corrientes, Argentina, JM Romero ,   Environmental Technology Research Laboratory, IQUIBA-CONICET Faculty of Exact Sciences and Nat. and Agr. Av. Libertad, Corrientes, Argentina, NL Jorge ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Nat. and Agr. Av. Libertad, Corrientes, Argentina
Published: July 2022

We have committed ourselves to the study of cyclic organic peroxides with two peroxy functions in their molecules, motivated by the multiple uses and application possibilities found for these compounds. In this paper, we analyze the thermal decomposition kinetics of 3, 6-dibutanal-1, 2, 4, 5-tetroxane (DPG) in isopropanol solution. At the concentration (1.06x10-3M) and temperatures studied (403-439 K), the kinetics satisfactorily fulfills with a first-order kinetic law up to 80% conversion of the diperoxide. From the kinetic data obtained experimentally, the activation parameters were determined DH# = 53.80 kJ mol-1± 0.6 and DS# = -170. 51 ± 0.7 J mol-1 K-1 different correlations and treatments could be made. The results obtained prior to this work were included in the analyses, to establish comparisons
The Analysis of the Impact of Debt on the Indonesian Economy for the Period 1976-2021:
Authors: Junaedi Dedi , Rizal Arsyad Muhammad , Norman Efrita , Paramahsyah Arman
Published: July 2022

Foreign debt has an important and inseparable role in the history of Indonesia's national development. The government has changed seven times, foreign debt is always present to fill the development budget deficit. Debt is expected to help move the wheels of the economy, create growth, create jobs, and alleviate poverty. This study aims to analyze the effect of debt, budget, inflation and differences in government regimes on the Indonesian economy (GDP and Income per Capita) in Indonesia for the 1976-2021 period. The study uses secondary data obtained from Bank Indonesia, the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the World Bank, and other reference sources such as books, journals and scientific papers. The data used are the value of foreign debt, APBN, national income (GDP), population, inflation rate, and government regime in the period 1976 - 2021. The results of multiple regression analysis with dummy variables (using the Eviews 10 application program) show the following results: Foreign debt and APBN have a correlation with the condition of the national economy, especially the value of GDP. Debt and the state budget tend to increase the value of GDP. In terms of debt management as a driver of economic growth, the Suharto Era (New Order) tended to be better than the eras that followed. However, relatively speaking, the Habibe and SBY eras tended to be better than the Megawati era, the Abdurahman Wahid era, and the Jokowi era. In fact, Jokowi's era is no better than previous eras.
 Keywords: Budget, Inflation, GDP, Indonesian Economy
CUSTOMER INTEGRATION AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF FOOD AND BEVERAGES MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN KENYA
Authors: Mogaka Conrad , Odari Sammy , Arani Wycliffe
Published: July 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of customer integration on the competitive advantage of food and beverages manufacturing firms in Kenya.

Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was used in this investigation. Managers from 270 food and beverage production companies in Kenya were targeted as part of the study. A sample size of 146 comprising of supply chain, procurement, operations and finance managers was obtained using two-stage sampling design. Cluster random sampling was utilized in the first stage to find 73 food and beverage production companies. In the second stage, convenience sampling was employed to choose two participants from among the 73 firms that had been chosen. Research questionnaires were used to collect primary data. The drop-and-pick approach, along with emailing the questionnaires, were used to obtain data. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed by utilizing descriptive statistics in SPSS version 28. Inferential analysis was carried out, with a focus on correlation as well as regression analysis, and also hypothesis testing. Tables were used to display the findings.

Results: Customer integration and competitive advantage of food and beverage manufacturing enterprises in Kenya had a positive significant association (R =.661, p =.000), according to the data. This meant that consumer integration boosted the competitiveness of Kenyan food and beverage manufacturers. Customer integration and competitive advantage of food and beverage manufacturing enterprises in Kenya were also shown to have a positive and statistically significant association (R =.661, R2 =.379), according to the study. As a result, customer integration accounted for 66.1 percent of the variation in food and beverage manufacturing enterprises' competitive advantage.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: While existing theory was validated, the study recommends that managers of food and beverages manufacturing firms should build procedures and policies that link to a superior understanding of the customer in order to meet their expectations. The study also recommends that the food and beverages industry regulators should devise policies that would allow food and beverage manufacturers to integrate with customers and thus help avoid losses that impact the efficiency of these businesses and eventually the economy as a whole. The study suggests that the government takes a more systematic approach to ensuring the growth and development of customer integration in Kenyan food and beverage manufacturing firms in order to maintain a competitive edge. Moreover, empirical research needs to be conducted to establish the effect of customer integration on the competitive advantage of other sub-sectors of manufacturing in the economy.
Az Aid for Trade és a közepes jövedelmű országok csapdája
Authors: Acheampong Timothy Yaw , Udvari Beáta
Published: July 2022

Közepes jövedelmi csapda az, amikor a fejlődő országok nem tudnak a magas jövedelmű országok csoportjába kerülni. E csapda okai és megoldásai nem egységesek a kutatók között, az azonban általánosan elfogadott, hogy a fenntartható gazdasági növekedésnek kiemelt jelentősége van a csapdából való kikerülésben. A gazdasági növekedés egyik motorja a nemzetközi kereskedelemben való részvétel, és a 2006- ban elindított Aid for Trade (AfT, segély a kereskedelemért) nemzetközi kezdeményezés igyekszik támogatni a fejlődő országokat, hogy ők is tudjanak ebből profitálni. E folyamatok összekötésével jelen tanulmány arra keresi a választ, hogy az Aid for Trade hogyan járul hozzá ahhoz, hogy a közepes jövedelmi csapdában ragadt országok kikerüljenek onnan. Az elemzés során 76 közepes jövedelmű ország 2008 és 2018 közötti exportteljesítményét vizsgáltuk panelkvantilis regressziós modell segítségével. Eredményeink szerint az AfT eltérő hatást gyakorol az alsó és a felső közepes jövedelmű országokban, és a gazdasági infrastruktúra kiépítésére vonatkozó támogatásnak van a legnagyobb hatása a közepes jövedelmű országok csapdájából való menekülésre.
A műanyaghulladékok újrahasznosításának globális és lokális tényezői és hajtóerői, különös tekintettel az EU-ra
Authors: Bera Péter , Mészáros Anett
Published: July 2022

A tanulmány a műanyaghulladékok Európai Unión belüli újrahasznosításával kapcsolatos ellentmondásokat elemzi, és az újrahasznosítás jövedelmezőségét befolyásoló tényezőket tárja fel globális kontextusban. Vezérfonala az EU-n belüli és kívüli statisztikai adatok elemzése alapján a műanyaghulladékok keletkezése és kezelése jellemzőinek, újrahasznosítási arányainak és a hasznosításból származó megtérülési anomáliáknak a feltárása, bemutatása és elemzése a globális gazdasági trendek és más nemzetközi összefüggések fényében. A tanulmány a helyzetelemzés és a hatásvizsgálat eredményeire és következtetéseire támaszkodva szakpolitikai javaslatokat tett, ami a gyakorlat és az elmélet közötti kapcsolat megteremtésére tett lépésnek tekinthető. Tudományosan újszerű eleme annak sokoldalú, a műszaki-technológiai feltételek, a piaci viszonyok, piaci szerkezet, az ártrendek, a világgazdasági környezet, az export és az import, a vállalati méretek stb. alapján történő igazolása, hogy a globalizáció körülményei között a műanyagokat újrahasznosító iparág lokális jellegű. Azzal kapcsolatos példák egyike, amikor egy globális kihívásra lokális választ célszerű adni. Ezt a folyamatot adekvát nemzetközi, regionális és nemzetállami szintű szabályozással lehet és kívánatos előmozdítani.
Dalillarni bevosita tekshirish tartibini takomillashtirish
Authors: Mavlanov Kamoliddin
Published: July 2022

Mazkur maqola jinoyat ishlari yurituvida dalillarni bevosita va og‘zaki usulda tekshirish prinsipini tadqiq etishga bagʻishlangan. Maqolada dalil tushunchasi va uning huquqiy asoslari, jinoyat protsessida isbotlashning ahamiyati, dalillarni bevosita tekshirish tartibi, unga rioya qilmaslik oqibatlari, dalillarni har tomonlama, sinchkovlik bilan, to‘la va xolisona tekshirishning ahamiyati doirasida tadqiqot olib borilgan. Maqola amaldagi qonunchilik, soha boʻyicha ilmiy izlanishlar, mavzuga oid darslik, maqola, risolalar hamda xorij tajribasi asosida tahlil etilib, ilmiy asoslangan va muhim amaliy ahamiyat kasb etuvchi takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.
Standardization of polyherbal Siddha formulation aavarai poovarisi chooranam – anti-diabetic drug by pharmaceutical analytical techniques
Authors: B Bharathi , M Sangeetha , M.D Saravanadevi , V Velpandian
Published: July 2022

Aavarai Poovarisi Chooranam is a Siddha poly herbal formulation plays an important role in treating Diabetes alone or in combination. Chooranam is applied to the powder made by a single or a mixture of herbal ingredients. The drugs required for making Aavarai Poovarisi Chooranam were collected and authenticated by experts and prepared as per siddha literature. It was then subjected to preliminary phyto-chemical analysis, physico-chemical, high performance thin layer chromatographic finger printing was done through CAMAG software, biochemical analysis, heavy metal analysis, pesticide residue, aflatoxin and microbial load analysis prior to toxicology and pharmacology testing. The obtained results were within normal limits in this study, which is briefly described in this paper.
Pharmaceutical Standardization of Siddha Herbo-Mineral formulation of Kodi Pavala Chunnam
Authors: B Govindaraj , A Vajahath Ali , M.D Saravana Devi , V Velpandian
Published: July 2022

Background: The present study is anticipated the perspective of physico chemical characteristics of the traditional Siddha medicine Kodi pavala chunnam . It is a herbo mineral formulation which treats the Cholelithiasis & it's related symptoms. Materials and Methods: The drug was prepared as mentioned in the Siddha literature Noigaluku Siddha parigaaram part 2 .Then the prepared drug was undergone physicochemical, biochemical, organoleptic and phytochemical analysis and HPTLC. Results: Loss on drying at 105°C was 0.8667 ± 0.4041,Total ash (%) was 55.67 ± 9.603,Acid insoluble ash (%) 0.64 ± 0.02,Water soluble extractive was 3.1 ± 1.044, Alcohol soluble extractive (%) was 0.2533 ± 0.0611, the PH was 8 which indicates alkaline nature of the drug. From the results the drug was free from microbial contamination . Heavy metals and Pesticide residues were below the quantification limit.Conclusion: The result shows that the  drug is of standard quality and can be used as reference in laying pharmacopoeia standards. From the results obtained in the above investigations it was concluded that the drug is effective biologically active components which may helps in treating cholelithiasis and it's related ailments.
Manifestaciones orales y manejo estomatológico de paciente pediátrico con secuelas por COVID-19.
Authors: Jasso Rosales Wendy Yunuhen , Belmont Laguna Francisco , Vázquez de Lara Saavedra Lucero , Peral García Alejandra
Published: July 2022

Introducción: Desde diciembre de 2019, la nueva cepa del coronavirus 2, causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2), ha provocado una pandemia mundial. Los niños y los adolescentes infectados generalmente son asintomáticos y solo experimentan síntomas respiratorios leves. Sin embargo, se ha reportado, una nueva tendencia alarmante en las infecciones pediátricas por COVID-19, en las cuales los pacientes han llegado a presentar manifestaciones agravantes que han requerido de hospitalización, dejando secuelas importantes.

Objetivos: Dar a conocer las diversas manifestaciones orales asociadas a los pacientes pediátricos contagiados por el SARS-CoV-2 y establecer, si existe o no una asociación entre dichas lesiones y este virus, así como la rehabilitación estomatológica con mínima invasión.

Presentación de caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 5 años, con antecedente de COVID-19, quien en su estancia hospitalaria presentó choque séptico refractario secundario SARS-COV-2 y falla orgánica múltiple, referido por Inmunología para tratar múltiples lesiones cariosas. Se rehabilitó con materiales bioactivos y convencionales, estableciendo un excelente rapport con el paciente y logrando una rehabilitación bucal exitosa.

Conclusiones: Es menester del estomatólogo pediatra conocer el manejo de los pacientes con secuelas por COVID-19, ya que produce múltiples alteraciones sistémicas dejando diversas secuelas; así como implementar una estrategia de rehabilitación oral efectiva y instaurar parámetros de prevención. Es importante reportar las manifestaciones orales para establecer la relación que guardan con la sintomatología propia de la infección y reconocer si existe una alteración propia de esta infección o son secundarias al compromiso sistémico que cursa el paciente y su manejo farmacológico.
Automatic License Plate Recognition System
Authors: Supriya S S  , Arunkumar K L
Published: July 2022

Automatic Number Plate Recognition (LPR) plays an important role in numerous applications and various techniques have been proposed. In this paper we will learn about the automatic license plate detection of the security purpose and documentation of entry of vehicles inside any building. In this technique we are using easy-OCR for detection of the characters and numbers present in the number plate. By using this technique, we can store the number plate details and vehicle entry time in an accurate rate and in a faster way. In this project we are using the camera to take the picture of the number plate and then by using easy OCR we are taking the characters and number values from the image of the number plate and then the data is stored in the data base and can be exported when ever needed.
Design and Fabrication of Safe Mask and Hand Gloves Disposal Machine
Authors: Yogesh Sapkale  , Darshan Patil  , Mayur Deshmukh  , Dadabhai Lakyzari
Published: July 2022

The origin of the novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its potential for harm increased face mask and medical waste in the environment, thereby necessitating the urgent prevention and control of the pandemic. The article estimates the face mask and medical waste generation in Asia during the pandemic to convince the waste management and scientific communities to find ways to address the negative impact that the waste disposal has on the environment. Standardization, procedures, guidelines and strict implementation of medical waste management related to COVID-19, community habitats and public areas should be carefully considered to reduce pandemic risks in hospitals, as proper medical waste disposal effectively controls infection sources. Improper disposal of the face mask can lead to various problems which include large heaps of mask all over, bacteria causing infection, unhygienic environment etc. The used mask that have not been disposed of properly sometimes block the drainage system. Incineration is a better technique to dispose of such waste but burning of used mask releases harmful gases that effects health and environment. To incinerate mask, electrical or physical fire – based incinerators can be used. Toilet facilities in India are very poor as they lack bins for the disposal of mask [1]. This system is one of the best way to dispose waste burn mask using electrical fire based burner without allowing smoke generate in the process to escape into the atmosphere. This steps must be taken to solve the problems that improper disposal of mask causes to the environment and to the public health
Effect of Use of Geocell and Rice Straw in Slope Stability
Authors: Amitha Vijay  , Prof. Sudha A R
Published: July 2022

One of the most difficult challenges in geotechnical engineering is slope failure caused by soil erosion during rain. The geocell structures and rice straw reinforcement are used to create a composite soil treatment and slope protection approach. The geocell structures improve the planting soil's stability and provide a stable and fixed habitat for the vegetation, while the rice straw strengthens the soil while also increasing its fertility. The progression of slope failure during rainfall, soil erosion and slope displacement were all evaluated. The findings reveal that when rainfall persists, slope failure occurs, and soil deterioration increases with rainfall intensity. Although geocell treatment enhances slope stability, geocell with rice straw composite reinforcement provides the best erosion control and slope protection. The result shows that use of geocell improve slope stability , but geocell and rice straw composite shows best erosion control and slope stability.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo
Authors: Mr. Vaibhav S. Sangale  , Mr. Sanket Dhamne  , Mr. Shubham Dalvi  , Mr. Prashant Chitale  , Mr. Subhash Kumbhar
Published: July 2022

The study aimed to formulate a pure herbal shampoo and to evaluate and compare its physicochemical properties with the marketed synthetic and herbal shampoos. The herbal shampoo was formulated by adding the extracts of Acacia concinna, Sapindus mukorossi, Phyllanthus emblica, Ziziphus spina-Christi and Citrus aurantifolia in different proportions to a 10% aqueous gelatin solution. Small amount of methyl paraben was added as a preservative and pH was adjusted with citric acid. Several tests such as visual inspection, pH, wetting time, % Of solid contents, foam volume and stability, surface tension, detergency, dirt dispersion etc, were performed to determine the physicochemical properties of both prepared and marketed shampoos. The formulated herbal shampoo was also evaluated for conditioning performance by administering a blind test to 20 student volunteers. The formulated herbal shampoo was clear and appealing.
Huellas fotográficas: pistas da produção bibliográfica Argentina em fotodocumentação
Authors: Americo Elaine Torres , Lopez Andre Porto Ancona
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: O artigo objetivou identificar, de maneira não exaustiva, a temática bibliográfica predominante nas obras produzidas por pesquisadores argentinos sob a perspectiva da Fotodocumentação. Por meio de uma amostragem bibliográfica inicial destacou, resumidamente, algumas obras produzidas por autores integrantes de grupos de pesquisa argentinos dedicados aos estudos de fotografia, desde uma perspectiva interdisciplinar.
Método: Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa por meio de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica
Resultado: O estudo identificou intensa produção bibliográfica que interage com várias áreas de conhecimento, com tendência orientada à  Fotodocumentação nas ciências humanas e  sociais.
Conclusões: A produção bibliográfica argentina se apropria de forte tendência interdisciplinar ao gerar publicações que interagem com várias áreas do conhecimento e contribuem com reflexões centradas principalmente nos Direitos Humanos, Comunicação e Antropologia.
Colaboração brasileira com autores da Austrália, Canadá, Estados Unidos e Reino Unido e o desempenho das Universidades no Ranking ARWUGRAS
Authors: Vanz Samile Andrea de Souza , Docampo Domingo
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: identificar as disciplinas e universidades brasileiras que se beneficiam da colaboração científica com Austrália, Canadá, Estados Unidos e Reino Unido, visualizado a partir do desempenho no Global Ranking of Academic Subjects (ARWUGRAS).
Método: estudo exploratório que identificou os artigos brasileiros indexados no InCites entre 2010-2019, e recalculou pesos para artigos em colaboração com os quatro países de língua inglesa. Os dados do InCites foram cotejados com o desempenho das universidades brasileiras presentes nas 54 disciplinas do ARWUGRAS edição 2021.
Resultados: o Brasil figura em 39 das 54 disciplinas do ARWUGRAS, com a presença de 49 diferentes universidades brasileiras.                Ao se retirar a colaboração internacional com países de língua inglesa, observou-se alteração no posicionamento das universidades brasileiras na lista de classificação. Os testes estatísticos demonstram vantagem significativa para a colaboração com estes países, considerando todas as disciplinas juntas. Quando testadas de forma específica por grandes áreas, observou-se que não há ganho significativo para Engenharias e Ciências da Vida, mas há resultados significativos para a vantagem apresentada pelas Ciências Naturais e Ciências da Saúde.
Conclusão: a análise do desempenho das universidades brasileiras no ARWUGRAS demonstrou que há vantagem no posicionamento destas quando existe colaboração com autores provenientes da Austrália, Canadá, Estados Unidos e Reino Unido.
Marketing digital en el Ecuador tras la crisis sanitaria de la Covid-19.
Authors: Mogrovejo Lazo Alberto , Cabrera Espinoza Carolina
Published: July 2022

El estallido de la pandemia de Covid-19, en marzo del 2020 en el Ecuador, produjo una crisis sanitaria que ha impactado de manera directa la economía del país. La economía ecuatoriana antes de la pandemia ya enfrentaba un oscuro panorama como resultado de la deuda externa e inestabilidad política, por lo tanto, el confinamiento de los habitantes como principal medida preventiva en todo el mundo, originó desempleo masivo, baja salarial, la disminución del consumo, por tanto, la reducción del ahorro. Muchas empresas y negocios han quebrado y las que han sobrevivido a esta dura crisis económica se han tenido que rediseñar para atraer clientes a sus negocios. En este contexto se desarrolló el presente estudio con el objetivo de analizar la importancia del marketing digital empresarial en el Ecuador tras la crisis sanitaria; la metodología utilizada fue la mixta, se utilizó la información cuantitativa brindada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos y el Banco Central del Ecuador; así como cualitativa para el estudio teórico de los nuevos métodos digitales de marketing. Se concluyó que los métodos de marketing empleadas durante la pandemia son una tendencia para la etapa de pos pandemia.
El microcrédito entre los bancos sostenibles y el desarrollo de los emprendedores.
Authors: Maza Iñiguez José
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la sostenibilidad de las instituciones microfinancieras para continuar aportando al desarrollo de los emprendedores, para ello se realizó una investigación descriptiva de tipo revisión bibliográfica con enfoque mixto, sistematizado a través de los métodos de revisión documental, análisis de contenido, hermenéutico y estadístico. Los hallazgos indican que las IMF están debidamente estructurados contribuyen al desarrollo de los comerciantes, sin embargo, en algunos casos esos son utilizados mediante influencias por gente pudiente o para adquirir bienes de consumo. El sistema micro financiero coloca los créditos con la finalidad de mantener un retorno oportuno asegurando la sostenibilidad, las personas que los utilizan adecuadamente alcanzan un desarrollo progresivo.
Métodos para la selección y compra de materiales reciclados. Centro de acopio “Renovacero”. Cantón Pasaje.
Authors: Pinoargote Nieto Christian Alexander , Saavedra Freiré Julio Enrique , Romero Black Wilton Eduardo , Mora Sánchez Norman Vinicio
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo responde a una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cuali-cuantitativo se fundamenta en los métodos de análisis documental, análisis de contenido, inductivo y estadístico; tiene como finalidad establecer métodos para la aceptación o rechazo en la compra de materiales de las empresas recicladoras del cantón Pasaje, tomando como campo de estudio el centro de acopio de material reciclado “Renovacero”, el que recepta y vende material reciclado ferroso y no ferroso. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que la aplicación de los métodos de inspección en conjunto con los criterios de aceptación, empleados en la empresa seleccionada, ayudaron a los responsables de dicho proceso, a ser más efectivos y eficientes cumpliendo con la meta establecida del 98% en el proceso de compra del material reciclado, logrando estandarizar dicho proceso.
Valoración de los activos biológicos en las empresas camaroneras. Santa Rosa, El Oro, Ecuador
Authors: Olaya Cum Ronny Leonardo , Chuquirima Espinoza Samuel Efraín , Chávez Cruz Robert Bolívar
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo investigativo tiene como objetivo realizar la valoración de los activos biológicos en las empresas camaroneras de la ciudad de Santa Rosa provincia de El Oro, como medida administrativa y financiera para ser más competitivos y que su información contable pueda ser comparada con empresas similares alrededor del mundo, atrayendo la inversión y fuentes de empleo, tan necesarios en los actuales escenarios. Para alcanzar la meta propuesta se aplicó una metodología de carácter descriptiva utilizando los métodos de analítico-sintético y estadístico, así como la encuesta para la recolección de la información en las distintas organizaciones. La muestra estuvo constituida por 77 contadores o responsables del departamento financiero de las empresas camaroneras.  Entre los resultados se presentan los registros contables que se deben aplicar según la naturaleza de las operaciones y como conclusión se destaca que la mayoría de empresas ya aplica el criterio de valor razonable por encima del costo histórico para valorar su producción inicial y final, facilitándoles la toma decisiones oportunas y relevantes.
Situación del Sistema de Salud en el Perú al 2021 y Agenda Pendiente
Authors: Javier Jara Juan José , Cuadros Salazar Diego
Published: July 2022

La presente investigación de carácter descriptiva con enfoque cuantitativo busca analizar la situación del sistema de salud del Perú durante periodo 2010 al 2021, así como plantear la agenda pendiente para el sector, realizando el contraste de la evolución de gasto en salud con periodos anteriores y comparando con otros países de la región latinoamericana y europea. Se analiza la problemática del recurso humano del sector y por último identificar la brecha de infraestructura del primer nivel de atención; para los cual se emplean los métodos: hermenéutico, análisis de contenidos y estadístico. Se concluye que el sector salud necesita un incremento sostenido en mayor proporción del presupuesto general de la República, así como la descentralización del primer nivel de atención.
El Método Delphi Cualitativo y su Rigor Científico: Una revisión argumentativa
Authors: Cañizares Cedeño Edgar Leonardo , Suárez Mena Karla Estefanía
Published: July 2022

El método Delphi es uno de los más utilizados y reconocidos debido a sus características, que ayudan a analizar los principales factores de un entorno y a pronosticar el comportamiento futuro de un fenómeno. A pesar de su amplia aceptación y uso, algunos autores han cuestionado su rigor científico. Mediante una exhaustiva y sistemática revisión de la literatura científica y con el empleo de los métodos: revisión bibliográfica, análisis de contenido y analítico-sintético, se analizaron, interpretaron, cotejaron y resumieron los textos encontrados en libros, tesis de grado y, ensayos y artículos científicos relativos a la temática estudiada, lo que permitió la discusión sobre las bondades y malas prácticas en el uso del método Delphi. Se concluye que el problema del método Delphi radica, en la incorrecta aplicación de la metodología y en las falencias al llevar a cabo las acciones necesarias para asegurar su rigor científico. Este es un método vigente, aceptado por la comunidad científica, sus resultados han sido probados consistentemente, evidenciándose así su valor y rigor científico.
La estabilidad laboral en la Ley de Apoyo Humanitario en Ecuador
Authors: Gualli Agualsaca Daniel Geovanny , Cárdenas Paredes Karina Dayana
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el cumplimiento del derecho a la estabilidad laboral con la creación de la Ley de Apoyo Humanitario a los trabajadores frente a las decisiones que se han visto obligados los empleadores a tomar, en cuanto a terminar discrecionalmente las relaciones laborales, debido a la crisis ocasionada por la pandemia. Además, se analizan las políticas que se establecen a través de esta ley para fomentar nuevas formas y modalidades de trabajo. Para lograr el resultado investigativo se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo, donde se emplearon métodos de investigación como el exegético, la revisión bibliográfica, el histórico-lógico y el análisis documental. Entre los principales hallazgos se encuentra que la Ley de Apoyo Humanitario surge como respuesta del Estado ecuatoriano ante las secuelas originadas por las dificultades sanitarias a causa del COVID-19 en el sector laboral; sin embargo, se evidencian debilidades legales en los sistemas de control y protección de las relaciones laborales. El cumplimiento de la Ley de Apoyo Humanitario no ha sido lo suficientemente controlado en la generación de los resultados para los cuales ha sido creada; se torna difícil controlar los parámetros legales establecidos para generar nuevas fuentes de empleo e impedir que se pierdan otras.
El homicidio culposo por mala práctica médica en el Ecuador
Authors: Paguay Ocampo Marco Patricio
Published: July 2022

El homicidio culposo por mala práctica médica en el Ecuador es un tema estrechamente relacionado con el derecho a la vida y en consecuencia con el reconocimiento de los derechos humanos. Reflexionar sobre el mismo, es un ejercicio necesario que motiva el objetivo del presente artículo, analizar el tratamiento de este tipo jurídico en el marco legal ecuatoriano. Para ello se realizó una investigación descriptiva, fundamentada en los métodos exegético, análisis de contenido, analítico-sintético e histórico-lógico. Entre los principales hallazgos se significa que: el delito de homicidio culposo por mala práctica médica en el Ecuador no posee una normativa acorde a las necesidades que se encuentran involucradas en este tipo de delito y son estos vacíos lo que afectan gravemente la toma de decisión justa para los implicados. Es urgente el perfeccionamiento del marco normativo-jurídico para superar los vacíos de la norma penal sobre la mala praxis médica
El principio iura novit curia en la acción de protección
Authors: Guamán Aguirre Glenda Gildalid , Arias Montero Vicente
Published: July 2022

Existe un excesivo uso del principio Iura Novit Curia por parte de los juzgadores al resolver las acciones de protección en desmedro del principio de tutela judicial efectiva, debido proceso y seguridad jurídica. Este artículo tiene el objetivo de analizar la aplicación del principio iura novit curia por los jueces constitucionales al dictar sentencia dentro de la acción jurisdiccional de acción de protección; para lo cual se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva sustentada en los métodos histórico-lógico, exegético y analítico-sintético, así como la técnica de análisis de contenido. Entre los resultados se significa que, ante la existencia de problemas jurídicos en la aplicación de este principio, en cuanto a límites, alcances, rol del juzgador e imparcialidad de los administradores de justicia se sugiere al Consejo Nacional de la Judicatura la creación de un instructivo orientado a los jueces constitucionales, con el propósito de garantizar, además de la instrucción de estos, el debido respeto a los derechos constitucionales de los ciudadanos, los cuáles no pueden ser  violados por la subjetividad o extralimitación del principio procesal iura novit curia.
Garantías de la continuidad de la relación laboral en la emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19
Authors: Urquizo Rodríguez Miguel Ludgardo , Bonilla Alarcón Luis Alfonso
Published: July 2022

Producto a la emergencia sanitaria originada por la pandemia del Covid-19, el mundo laboral sufrió un fuerte impacto; en el Ecuador se adoptaron medidas emergentes para proteger a los trabajadores y menguar el impacto provocado por esta crisis; así como para contrarrestar la inoportuna aplicación del artículo 169 numeral 6 del Código del Trabajo. Durante el estado de excepción emitido mediante Decreto Ejecutivo 1017 del 16 de marzo de 2020. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la inconstitucionalidad de la disposición interpretativa de dicho artículo como parte de las medidas de apoyo humanitario dictadas a favor de las garantías de la continuidad de la relación laboral en la emergencia sanitaria y los efectos de su inadecuada aplicación; para ello se realizó una investigación descriptiva fundamentada en los métodos exegético, hermenéutico e histórico-lógico. Se concluye que, la utilización abusiva e injustificada de la causal 6 del Art. 169, del Código del Trabajo afectó la fuerza laboral del país, pues las leyes y reglamentos del Ecuador eran entonces insuficientes para garantizar el principio de continuidad o estabilidad laboral, por razón de caso fortuito o fuerza mayor, lo que indica la violación del derecho al principio de estabilidad en el trabajo.
Stratigraphic templates for ice core records of the past 1.5 Myr
Authors: Wolff Eric W. , Fischer Hubertus , van Ommen Tas , Hodell David A.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The international ice core community has a target to obtain
continuous ice cores stretching back as far as 1.5 Myr. This would
provide vital data (including a CO2 profile) allowing us to assess
ideas about the cause of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT). The European
Beyond EPICA project and the Australian Million Year Ice Core project each
plan to drill such a core in the region known as Little Dome C. Dating the
cores will be challenging, and one approach will be to match some of the
records obtained with existing marine sediment datasets, informed by
similarities in the existing 800 kyr period. Water isotopes in Antarctica
have been shown to closely mirror deepwater temperature, estimated from
Mg/Ca ratios of benthic foraminifera, in a marine core on the Chatham Rise
near to New Zealand. The dust record in ice cores resembles very closely a
South Atlantic marine record of iron accumulation rate. By assuming these
relationships continue beyond 800 ka, our ice core record could be
synchronised to dated marine sediments. This could be supplemented, and
allow synchronisation at higher resolution, by the identification of rapid
millennial-scale events that are observed both in Antarctic methane records
and in emerging records of planktic oxygen isotopes and alkenone sea surface
temperature (SST) from the Portuguese Margin. Although published data remain
quite sparse, it should also be possible to match 10Be from ice cores
to records of geomagnetic palaeo-intensity and authigenic 10Be/9Be
in marine sediments. However, there are a number of issues that have to be
resolved before the ice core 10Be record can be used. The approach of
matching records to a template will be most successful if the new core is in
stratigraphic order but should also provide constraints on disordered
records if used in combination with absolute radiogenic ages.
Adaptation strategies to address irrigation demand in the Mediterranean under climate change
Authors: Nikolaidis Nikolaos , Efstathiou Dionissis , Lilli Maria
Published: July 2022

Irrigation in the Mediterranean region consumes at least 80% of the total water consumption. This is expected to increase due to the impacts of climate change. There is a lack of data regarding the irrigation needs of agricultural plants especially in the Mediterranean region.  To address this issue, the Water Use Efficiency of an Avocado plantation in Crete, Greece is being assessed in systematic way in order to minimize the environmental footprint and impact of the operation while maximizing the benefits for the farmer and the environment. A hydrologic and plant monitoring station have been established in an avocado plantation to determine optimal irrigation schemes, the water use efficiency of the trees and ways to improve plant productivity. The station consists of a precipitation and meteorological station, soil moisture profilers near and away from the tree, irrigation flow monitoring, NDVI and PRI cameras for the estimation of the above ground biomass changes.  These data that are collected every 15 minutes, together with expert knowledge were used to determine optimal irrigation schemes such as deficit irrigation that will conserve the use of water as well as maximize plant production.  The plants were irrigated the amount estimated by their evapotranspiration needs.  In addition, drip irrigation was not applied in a linear fashion in the field, but in a circle with one-meter diameter from the root of the tree.  In this way, the amount of irrigation used was only 30% of the typically prescribed irrigation needs for the plants on an areal basis. Irrigation was applied every 3-4 days based on soil moisture changes in a constant fashion.  It has been observed the over-irrigation stresses the plant. Biomass production was monitored with the NDVI and PRI cameras in order to estimate the above ground production as well as to identify the conditions that plants were stressed. No tilling was practiced in order not to disturb the formation of water stable aggregates and thus the productivity of the soil. Finally, soil organic matter was added by cutting the grass grown in between the trees and leaving the clippings on site and also by not removing the leaves from the avocado. The addition of organic matter in the soil promotes the below ground biodiversity as well as the productivity of the plants and it improves the soil water retention capacity. The results of this study illustrate that we can reduce the amount of irrigation significantly (60-70% of suggested irrigation annual rates) by both increasing the soil organic matter and by irrigating the tree and not the field. Reducing irrigation rates as well increasing the soil water retention capacity can be the two main adaptation strategies that can address effectively the increases or irrigation demand due to climate change.
Temperature and slope stability in temperate climate
Authors: Scaringi Gianvito , Loche Marco , Tourchi Saeed , Lombardo Luigi
Published: July 2022

Changes in slope stability can arise from hydro-mechanical processes driven by atmosphere-soil interaction, and these processes are affected by the temperature at which they occur. This is well studied in cold climates, but even at temperatures well above freezing, experiments show significant changes in soil parameters upon comparatively small variations in temperature. These effects are typically neglected in geomechanical models, as their formulations do not typically include temperature or, if they do, they relate it to soil hydrology and not soil mechanics. Therefore, by only focusing on extremes in hydrological forcing, we may be underestimating the role of climate change in landsliding in temperate regions. Within ongoing projects, we are exploring the relationship between temperature and slope stability with various approaches and at various scales. In the laboratory, we are conducting temperature-controlled oedometer tests and ring-shear tests on saturated soils, observing patterns of strengthening or weakening in relation to both the mineralogy and shear rate. We also are evaluating correlations between basic and mechanical properties on the basis of the soil’s response to heating and cooling. We are using such correlations in the field to obtain insights on slope stability, particularly of rock bodies. Focusing on soils, we are developing thermo-hydro-mechanical model formulations for slope stability under climate change. At the catchment scale, we are using statistical tools to find whether a temperature-related variable (such as the land surface temperature) can inform landslide susceptibility models. Insights from debris flow-yielding steep mountain catchments and gentle clay slopes with slow creep processes suggest the significance of temperature and its fluctuations in influencing/controlling gravitational processes also independently of its influence on vegetation and hydrological forcing.
Satellite-based characterization of Medicanes in the GPM era
Authors: D'Adderio Leo Pio , Casella Daniele , Dietrich Stefano , Sanò Paolo , Panegrossi Giulia
Published: July 2022

Mediterranean hurricanes (Medicanes) are meso-scale cyclones typical of the Mediterranean area which during their lifetime may show some dynamical features with tropical cyclones: the presence of a quasi-cloud-free calm eye, spiral-like cloud bands elongated from the center, strong winds close to the vortex centre and a warm core. They are often associated to heavy rainfall and flooding, intense wind, and high waves and storm surge, and can be serious threats to human life and infrastructure. Recent studies highlighted that extra-tropical and tropical-like cyclone (TLC) characteristics can alternate or even coexist in the same cyclonic system, and that only in some cases strong diabatic forcing leads to tropical-like transition (i.e., purely barotropic structure) associated to shallow or deep warm core. In this study a comparative analysis among the Medicanes occurred during the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) era (i.e. since March 2014), is carried out. The goal is to extract common features from passive MW measurements to identify and characterize the transition to TLC phase during the Medicane evolution. Passive microwave measurements from the GPM constellation radiometers are used to characterize the precipitation structure and warm core properties throughout the Medicane evolution. In particular, the NASA/JAXA GPM Core Observatory (GPM-CO) active and passive microwave (MW) sensors are used in conjunction with ground-based LIghtning NETwork (LINET) measurements to analyse the rainband structure and infer microphysics processes and convection strength. On the other hand, MW temperature sounding channels available from AMSU-A and ATMS radiometers are used to identify the warm core and infer its properties (e.g., depth and symmetry) around the cyclone center.  The most intense Medicane on record, named Ianos, which swept across the Ionian Sea between 14 and 18 September 2020, is anlaysed in detail. The GPM-CO Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) overpass, available for the first time during a medicane TLC phase, provides key measurements and products to analyze the 3D precipitation structure in the rainbands, offering further evidence of the main precipitation microphysics processes inferred from the passive MW measurement analysis. Moreover, the GPM-CO overpasses highlight a significant change in deep convection features between Ianos development and mature phases, which explain the substantial drop in lightning activity during Ianos TLC phase. The study demonstrates the value of satellite MW measurements in the GPM era to provide evidence of Medicanes' transition to TLC phase and to characterize its precipitation structure and microphysics processes.
Vulnerability of maize, barley, and wheat yields to growing season temperature and socioeconomic indicators in Morocco
Authors: Achli Soumia , Epule Eplule Terence , Dhiba Driss , Chehbouni Abdelghani , Er-Raki Salah , Salih Wiam
Published: July 2022

Africa's agricultural growth will be complicated by climate change, which is expected to worsen already difficult conditions. In many cases, agricultural yields are becoming more volatile due to deteriorating weather conditions. Climate change is likely to exacerbate severe extreme events by increasing temperatures and further altering rainfall patterns. In Morocco, the historical record depicts a situation characterized by increasing temperatures and diminishing precipitation, which often ends up in severe drought episodes and affects crop production. This study investigates the vulnerability of wheat, barley, and maize to fluctuations in growing season temperature as well as socioeconomic proxies of adaptation capacity such as literacy and poverty rates in Morocco at both national and sub-national scales. A composite vulnerability index is adopted in this research; it posits that vulnerability is a function of the exposure index, sensitivity index, and adaptive capacity index. FAOSTAT and the yield gaps Atlas provided the national and sub-national crop yield data required to compute the sensitivity index. The world bank climate portal is utilized to obtain mean annual growing season temperature data at both national and subnational scales and is used to calculate the exposure index. Finally, the world bank, figshare, and MPR archives are used to acquire proxy data on adaptive capacity in the form of literacy and poverty rates. The results indicate that wheat has the lowest vulnerability index and the highest adaptive capacity index, while barley has the highest vulnerability index and the lowest adaptive capacity index. Maize falls somewhere in the middle with median indexes. Another notable observation is that the coefficient of determination R2 for all crops is generally very low, indicating that temperature during the growing season is a very strong yield determinant. Sub-nationally, Vulnerability indexes and normalized growing season temperature decrease as one moves northwards, whereas the adaptive capacity index increases. Also, at each latitude northward wheat records the lowest vulnerability index and the highest adaptive capacity index as well as, the second-highest normalized growing season temperature after maize. Furthermore, these findings have significance for establishing climate change adaptation or coping techniques, cereal responses, and adaptation to variation in temperatures, as well as the mechanisms underlying heat tolerance development and socioeconomic indicators for key crops that should be included in the Moroccan Agricultural Transformation Agenda.