bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IV segment portal vein reconstruction in split-liver transplantation with extended right grafts
Authors: Wang Dong , Fan Ning , Wang Xin , Sun Yandong , Guan Ge , Wang Jianhong , Zhu Xiaodan , Zang Yunjin , Cai Jinzhen , Guo Yuan
Published: August 2022

Background

Liver transplantation is one of the most effective treatments for end-stage liver disease. Split liver transplantation (SLT) can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of grafts. However, split liver transplantation still faces shortcomings and is not widely used in surgery. How to improve the effective transplantation volume of split liver transplantation and promote the postoperative recovery of patients has important clinical significance.

Methods

In our study, the donor’s liver was split into the extended right graft and left lateral sector, and the IV segment occur ischemia. To guarantee the functional graft size, and avoid complications, we reconstructed the IV segment portal vein and left portal vein. And we analyzed the operation time, intraoperative bleeding, liver function, and postoperative complications.

Results

In our research, 14 patients underwent IV segment portal vein reconstruction, and 8 patients did not undergo vascular reconstruction. We found that the ischemic area of the IV segment decreased significantly after IV segment portal vein reconstruction. We found that there was no significant difference in operation time and postoperative complications between the patients of the groups. There were significant differences in ALT on the 1st day and albumin on the 6th day after the operation.

Conclusion

It indicates that IV segment reconstruction in SLT surgery can alleviate the graft ischemic and promote the recovery of liver function after the operation. And, IV segment reconstruction as a novel operating procedure may be widely used in SLT.
Persistence and stability of sublingual varices over time and their connection to underlying factors: an 8 year follow up study
Authors: Bergh Håkan , Kastberg Clovis , Albrektson Margit , Hedström Lennart
Published: August 2022

Objective

To investigate whether sublingual varices are constant or inconstant over time and whether this is connected to background variables, cardiovascular risk factors or disease.

Design

This longitudinal observational study was performed between 2010 and 2020 at the Public Dental Services Västra Vall, Varberg, Sweden. The study was based on 431 patients included in a previous study in which the relationship between sublingual varices and hypertension was examined. In connection to the annual dental examination, 281 patients were included in the follow-up study. They completed a questionnaire about background and health factors and diseases. Length and weight were measured. Two intraoral photos were taken with a digital camera. Two dentists independent of each other graded all photographs as none/few visible sublingual varices (nSV) or medium/severe sublingual varices (SV).

Results

The prevalence of SV was 25.6% at baseline and 30.6% at follow-up. At the follow up, a total of 76.5% had maintained their sublingual vascular status. Of those with nSV at baseline (n209), 80.9% still had nSV, and 19.1% had developed SV during the 8-year follow-up period. Of those 72 participants who had SV at baseline, 46 (63.9%) were unchanged at follow-up, and 26 (36.1%) were classified as nSV. Those who had developed SV at follow-up had a higher mean age (p = 0.003) and a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), 13.2% versus 3.0% (p = 0.021). This association with CVD did not persist after an adjustment for sex and age (OR 3.2, 95% CI 0.81–12.46). They exhibited more hypertension (35.0% vs. 22.5%) and diabetes type 2 (7.5% vs. 3.0%), but with no significant difference.

Conclusions

This study revealed that 76.5% of the participants had an unchanged status regarding sublingual varices during an 8-year period and that the development from nSV to SV was associated with advanced age.
Comparing the quality of care for long-term ventilated individuals at home versus in shared living communities: a convergent parallel mixed-methods study
Authors: Klingshirn Hanna , Gerken Laura , Hofmann Katharina , Heuschmann Peter Ulrich , Haas Kirsten , Schutzmeier Martha , Brandstetter Lilly , Wurmb Thomas , Kippnich Maximilian , Reuschenbach Bernd
Published: August 2022

Background

People on home mechanical ventilation (HMV) belong to a heterogeneous population with complex care needs. In Germany, outpatient intensive care is provided in people's private home (PH) or in shared living communities (SLC). Increasing patient numbers have led to criticism of the quality of care in recent years. Since quality deficits from the perspective of those affected are largely unclear, the following research question emerged: How do interviews with ventilated individuals and family caregivers explain any differences or similarities in the quality of care between PH and SLC?

Methods

This study used a mixed-methods convergent parallel design, where quantitative and qualitative components were separately collected and analysed. The quantitative component (structured interviews and online survey) included ventilation characteristics, health-related resource use, health-related quality of life (HRQL) measured with the Severe Respiratory Insufficiency Questionnaire (SRI; range 0-100; higher scores indicated higher HRQL) and the Burden Scale of the Family Caregivers short version (BSFC-s; range 0-30; higher scores indicated higher burden). The qualitative component (semi-structured interviews) focused on people's experience of person-centred care. Data were merged using a weaving method and the Picker framework of Person-Centred Care.

Results

The quantitative component revealed that ventilated individuals living in PHs were on average 20 years younger than participants living in SLCs (n = 46; PH: 46.86 ±15.40 years vs. SLC: 65.07 ±11.78 years; p = .001). HRQL (n = 27; PH: 56.62 ±16.40 vs. SLC: 55.35 ±12.72; p > .999) and the burden of family caregivers (n = 16; PH: 13.20 ±10.18 vs. SLC: 12.64 ±8.55; p > .999) were not significantly different between living situation. The qualitative component revealed that person-centred care is possible in both care settings (ventilated individuals: n = 13; family caregivers: n = 18).

Conclusion

This study describes a care situation that is as heterogeneous as the population of people with HMV. HRQL and the burden of family caregivers are highly individual and, like person-centred care, independent of the living situation. Policy decisions that facilitate person-centred care need to recognise that quality of care is highly individual and starts with the free choice of the care setting.
Experimental infections of sand flies and geckos with Leishmania (Sauroleishmania) adleri and Leishmania (S.) hoogstraali
Authors: Ticha Lucie , Sadlova Jovana , Bates Paul , Volf Petr
Published: August 2022

Background

Species belonging to the subgenus Sauroleishmania are parasites of reptiles, and traditionally considered to be non-pathogenic to mammals. Knowledge of the development of these parasites in sand flies and their mechanism of transmission is currently lacking. The main aim of this study was to test the susceptibility of various sand fly species to infection by two Sauroleishmania species, focusing on the localization of parasites in the sand fly intestinal tract.

Methods

The development of Leishmania (Sauroleishmania [S.]) adleri and Leishmania (S.) hoogstraali was studied in six sand fly species (Phlebotomus orientalis, P. argentipes, P. sergenti, P. papatasi, P. duboscqi, Sergentomyia schwetzi). Sand flies were fed through a chick-skin membrane on blood containing Sauroleishmania promastigotes, and they were dissected at various time intervals post blood meal (PBM). Guts were examined microscopically for the presence of parasites, and the intensity and localizations of infections were recorded. Morphological forms of both Sauroleishmania species developing in P. orientalis were analyzed. Experimental infections of geckos using sand fly-derived promastigotes were also performed, and the reptiles were repeatedly examined for Sauroleishmania infection by xenodiagnosis and PCR analysis.

Results

High infection rates for both Sauroleishmania species were observed in P. orientalis and P. argentipes, with the parasites migrating anteriorly and undergoing a peripylarian type of development, including colonization of the stomodeal valve. Conversely, the development of L. (S.) adleri in P. sergenti, P. papatasi and Se. schwetzi was restricted to the sand fly hindgut (hypopylarian type of development). Five morphological forms were distinguished for both Sauroleishmania species developing in P. orientalis. All experimentally infected geckos scored negative for Sauroleishmania based on xenodiagnosis and molecular analysis.

Conclusions

The results showed that Sauroleishmania promastigotes can undergo either a peripylarian or hypopylarian type of development in the sand fly intestinal tract, depending on the sand fly species infected. We demonstrated that P. argentipes and P. orientalis, two sand fly species known as permissive vectors for mammalian parasites of subgenus Leishmania, are also highly susceptible to Sauroleishmania as the parasites developed mature late-stage infections, including colonization of the sand fly stomodeal valve. Thus, the role of Phlebotomus sand flies in transmission of Sauroleishmania should be reconsidered and further investigated.

Graphical Abstract
Whole-body inhalation of nano-sized carbon black: a surrogate model of military burn pit exposure
Authors: Trembley Janeen H. , So Simon W. , Nixon Joshua P. , Bowdridge Elizabeth C. , Garner Krista L. , Griffith Julie , Engles Kevin J. , Batchelor Thomas P. , Goldsmith William T. , Tomáška Julie M. , Hussain Salik , Nurkiewicz Timothy R. , Butterick Tammy A.
Published: August 2022

Objective

Chronic multisymptom illness (CMI) is an idiopathic disease affecting thousands of U.S. Veterans exposed to open-air burn pits emitting aerosolized particulate matter (PM) while serving in Central and Southwest Asia and Africa. Exposure to burn pit PM can result in profound biologic consequences including chronic fatigue, impaired cognition, and respiratory diseases. Dysregulated or unresolved inflammation is a possible underlying mechanism for CMI onset. We describe a rat model of whole-body inhalation exposure using carbon black nanoparticles (CB) as a surrogate for military burn pit-related exposure. Using this model, we measured biomarkers of inflammation in multiple tissues.

Results

Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to CB aerosols by whole body inhalation (6 ± 0.83 mg/m3). Proinflammatory biomarkers were measured in multiple tissues including arteries, brain, lung, and plasma. Biomarkers of cardiovascular injury were also assayed in plasma. CB inhalation exposure increased CMI-related proinflammatory biomarkers such as IFN-γ and TNFα in multiple tissue samples. CB exposure also induced cardiovascular injury markers (adiponectin, MCP1, sE-Selectin, sICam-1 and TIMP1) in plasma. These findings support the validity of our animal exposure model for studies of burn pit-induced CMI. Future studies will model more complex toxicant mixtures as documented at multiple burn pit sites.
Are there gender based differences in participation and time spent in physical activity in Albania? Evidence from 2017-18 demographic and health survey
Authors: Çule Monika , Guliani Harminder
Published: August 2022

Background

Since 1990, Albania has embraced the market economy and globalization. Prosperity and modernization have also brought significant lifestyle changes toward unhealthy behaviours, doubling the mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). While Physical Activity (PA) can mitigate the NCDs burden, participation is low in Albania. To date, research on PA determinants that could meaningfully inform policy is lacking. To fill this gap, this study examines the PA behaviour among Albanian adults. Specifically, we assess the decisions to participate, and the time spent in PA.

Methods

Using the 2017–2018 Albania Demographic and Health Survey data and a double-hurdle regression model, we simultaneously assess the influence of demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors on the likelihood of participating (extensive margin) and the time spent (intensive margin) in PA. To understand gender differences regarding PA decisions, we run separate models for men and women.

Results

Results show significant variations in the likelihood of participation and the time spent in PA, by household economic status, administrative regions, occupation, and education. We find that likelihood of participation in PA increases with household wealth, but conditional on participation, affluent Albanians spent less time in PA. Education and employment status also have opposite effects on participation and time spent margins. Results show notable gender-based differences in PA behaviour (either for participation or time spent) related to education, age, family structure (marital status and the number of young children), regions, occupation, and lifestyle factors.

Conclusions

Insights in understanding the PA behaviour of Albanian adults allow policymakers to identify socio-demographic groups most in need of intervention effort. To effectively support PA among Albanians, policymakers should target males and females differently and address gender-specific needs accordingly.
Magnitude and associated factors of anemia among adolescent girls in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Berhe Kidanemaryam , Gebrearegay Freweini , Gebreegziabher Hadush , Weldegerima Lemlem , Kahsay Amaha , Hadush Haven , Gebremariam Brhane , Fseha Berhane , Gebremariam Gebrehiwot , Etsay Natnael , Hailu Micheale
Published: August 2022

Background

In Ethiopia, there are primary studies on adolescent anemia with imprecise and inconclusive findings. Besides, there was no meta-analysis pooled the magnitude and associated factors of anemia among adolescent girls in Ethiopia. Estimating the pooled magnitude and associated factors of anemia among adolescent girls is helpful for evidence-based interventions in Ethiopia.

Methods

The authors used a preferred reporting item for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). We included articles and survey reports published until May 2021 using searching engines of Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. To assess the quality of studies, we used Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale for non-randomized. Two authors independently assessed the quality of the studies. We computed the pool magnitude and odds ratio of the associated factors with their 95%CI using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Publication bias assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test.

Result

In this review, we included a total of 15 studies with 9,669 adolescent girls. Using the random-effects model, the pooled magnitude of anemia among the Ethiopian adolescent girls was 19.1% (95%CI: 16.1%, 24.6%). The associated factors were attained menarche (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.96), ≥ 5 days of blood flow during menses (AOR = 6.21), food insecurity (AOR = 1.48), inadequate diet diversity score (AOR = 2.81), presence of intestinal parasite (AOR = 3.51), low body mass index (AOR = 2.49), and rural residence (AOR = 1.79).

Conclusion

The pooled magnitude of anemia among adolescent girls in Ethiopia was 19.1% depicting a mild public health problem; while attained menarche, ≥ 5 days’ blood flow during menses, food insecurity, inadequate diet diversity score, intestinal parasites, low body mass index, and rural residence were the associated factors. Hence, addressing health and nutrition wellness of adolescent girls should be center of concern in health, nutrition, agriculture, research, strategies and policies in Ethiopia.
Successful salvage of torsion testis by means of intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence imaging
Authors: Shirasaki Yumi , Kawashima Masumi , Kimura Takuya , Yamanaka Hiroaki , Hatta Kousuke , Branch Joel , Matsuda Yasuo
Published: August 2022

Background

Testicular torsion (TT) is common surgical emergency that requires early diagnosis and immediate intervention within 6 h since its onset to salvage the testis. However, the decision was made only by the surgeon’s experience whether it has to be resected or not. Recently, indocyanine green (ICG) has become an excellent tool to identify biliary and vascular anatomy, and assess perfusion abnormalities in tissues. In this case report, we successfully salvaged the twisted testis, since the testicular blood perfusion was confirmed by means of intraoperative ICG (IICG) fluorescence imaging.

Case presentation

A 14-year-old healthy male patient presented due to acute left testicular pain. The patient was diagnosed with TT and had immediate surgery. Macroscopically, the testis had stagnant blood flow and appeared to be dark colored. After manual detorsion, the testis remained cyanotic and with macroscopically poor blood flow. ICG angiography was performed under near-infrared light by laparoscopic camera to assess the perfusion of the affected testicle. An excellent ICG signal appeared after 45 s in the testis, and decision was made to be preserved. Therefore, left orchidopexy was performed to complete the operation. The patient had a good postoperative course and was discharged the day after surgery. Six months later, the testis did not show any shrinkage, and both sides of the testis showed the same size without any consequences.

Conclusion

The blood flow in the testis was visually confirmed during the IICG fluorescence method. ICG fluorescence imaging may become an effective alternative to evaluate whether a testis can be preserved following TT.
COVID-somnia: anxiety, insomnia, and poor sleep among second-line healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Al-Otaibi Torki , Abbas Ahmad , Nagib Ayman Maher , Gheith Osama Ashry , Nair Prasad , Farid Mahmoud M. , Albader Mohammad A. S.
Published: August 2022

Background

Little information is available about the linkage between sleep affection and COVID-19. Preliminary reports and clinical observations focused on the appearance of related mental health issues, especially in healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methods

A cross-sectional study is conducted on the COVID-19 second-line HCWs using an English online survey prepared via Google forms. The survey focused on sociodemographic and profession-related characteristics (age, sex, smoking, history of previous sleep disorders or medications affecting sleep, comorbidities specialty, years of experience, and number of hours worked per week) and COVID-19-associated risks (being on the second line of COVID-19 management, following updates and news about COVID-19, and getting an infection with COVID-19 or having a colleague/friend who was infected with or died of COVID-19). Assessment of anxiety, insomnia, and sleep quality was done using the relevant diagnostic scales.

Results

This study included 162 second-line HCWs with a mean age of 34.36 ± 8.49 years. Although being in second lines, there was a high prevalence of anxiety (49.38%), insomnia (56.17%), and poor sleep quality (67.9%) during the pandemic. One condition was recently developed after the pandemic: insomnia in 6.6%, anxiety in 5.7%, and poor sleep in 16%. Two conditions were developed: insomnia and poor sleep in 21.7%, anxiety and poor sleep in 7.5%, and insomnia and anxiety in 10.4%. The three conditions were de novo experienced in 19.8%. A total of 22.4% of those who followed daily COVID-19 updates developed de novo combined anxiety, insomnia, and poor sleep. A total of 38.5% of participants that had been infected with COVID-19 developed de novo combined anxiety, insomnia, and poor sleep. A total of 50% of participants who had a colleague/friend who died with COVID-19 developed de novo combined anxiety, insomnia, and poor sleep.

Conclusion

Although being in second lines, there was a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and poor sleep concerning COVID-19-related factors.
SRC Family Kinase Inhibition Targets YES1 and YAP1 as Primary Drivers of Lung Cancer and as Mediators of Acquired Resistance to ALK and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors
Authors: Sato Hiroki , Kubota Daisuke , Qiao Huan , Jungbluth Achim , Rekhtman Natasha , Schoenfeld Adam J. , Yu Helena A. , Riely Gregory J. , Toyooka Shinichi , Lovly Christine M. , Paik Paul , Ladanyi Marc , Fan Pang-Dian
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE

The identification of novel oncogenic driver alterations and novel mechanisms of acquired resistance (AR) is the key for further development of personalized therapy. The current study investigates the potential role of YES1 amplification as a primary driver of tumorigenesis and of YES1/YAP1 amplifications as mediators of AR to ALK and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

METHODS

Models of ectopic expression were established and characterized for YES1 and YAP1 in human bronchial epithelial cells and ALK fusion–positive (ALK+) and EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. MSK-IMPACT data for all lung adenocarcinoma cases and for ALK and EGFR TKI AR cases were surveyed for YES1 and YAP1 amplification.

RESULTS

We report response to SRC family kinase (SFK) inhibition in a patient whose lung cancer exhibited YES1 amplification, without any well-established primary driver alteration, suggesting that YES1 amplification can also function as a primary oncogenic driver. To investigate the possibility of YES1 as a primary driver in tumorigenesis, we established preclinical models of YES1 overexpression using human bronchial epithelial cells and normal human breast epithelial cells. We showed that YES1 overexpression conferred sensitivity to SFK TKIs and promoted EGF-independent growth in a YAP1-dependent manner. Analysis of clinical genomic sequencing data from cases of AR to EGFR and ALK inhibitors revealed acquired amplification of YAP1 in four cases. EGFR-mutant and ALK fusion–positive cells overexpressing YES1 or YAP1 were resistant to EGFR and ALK TKIs, respectively, but were sensitive to dual inhibition of the primary driver and YES1.

CONCLUSION

Our results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of SFK inhibition in primary tumorigenesis and AR driven by YES1/YAP1 signaling.
Endocannabinoid System in the Neuroendocrine Response to Lipopolysaccharide-induced Immune Challenge
Authors: De Laurentiis Andrea , Correa Fernando , Fernandez Solari Javier
Published: August 2022

The endocannabinoid system plays a key role in the intersection of the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, regulating not only their functions but also how they interplay with each other. Endogenous ligands, named endocannabinoids, are produced “on demand” to finely regulate the synthesis and secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters, as well as to regulate the production of cytokines and other proinflammatory mediators. It is well known that immune challenges, such as exposure to lipopolysaccharide, the main component of the Gram-negative bacteria cell wall, disrupt not only the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis but also affects other endocrine systems such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and the release of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis. Here we explore which actors and molecular mechanisms are involved in these processes.
Lance Adams Syndrome After Hypoxic Cardiac Arrest: A Case Report
Authors: Lim Michelle L. , Lim Rachel R. Z. , Tien JongChie C. , Lim Shawn Z. Z. , Lee Yi Lin
Published: August 2022

Lance-Adams syndrome (chronic post-hypoxic myoclonus) is a rare syndrome occurring in patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Awareness of this condition is important to distinguish it from myoclonic status epilepticus, which is a poor prognostic sign. We present the case of a 32-year-old woman who developed Lance-Adams syndrome after an episode of hypoxic cardiac arrest from severe pneumonia. Brain computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and an electroencephalogram were used to rule out other causes of myoclonus. In this report, we discuss the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with Lance-Adams syndrome.
Controlling for What? Movements, Measures, and Meanings in the US Gender Wage Gap Debate
Authors: Hirschman Daniel
Published: August 2022

Studies of the political power of economic knowledge have tended to foreground the role of causal claims in the form of grand theories or more narrow findings produced by experimental methods. In contrast, scholars have paid relatively little attention to the role of economic experts' descriptions. This article highlights one category of influential, quantitative descriptive claim: stylized facts. Stylized facts are simple empirical regularities in need of explanation. Focusing on the example of the gender wage gap in the United States, this article showcases how stylized facts travel into political debates, and how the choices made in characterizing an aspect of economic life (such as controlling for full-time work, but little else) interact with social movement activism, and folk understandings of economic life. The gender wage gap was first calculated in the 1950s, but did not take on special importance until the 1960s–1970s, when feminists rallied around the statistic as a useful aggregate measure of women's economic disempowerment. Academics soon followed, and sociologists and economists began to publish studies documenting trends in the gap and trying to account for its sources. The comparable worth movement of the 1980s explicitly argued that the wage gap resulted from occupational segregation and the devaluation of women's work. As that movement faltered in the late 1980s, the gender wage gap became increasingly understood through the lens of women's choices and trade-offs between work and family, and occupational segregation dropped out of the narrative. Throughout this period, the gap was frequently misunderstood or misrepresented as reflecting the narrow sort of same-job, different-pay discrimination made illegal by the 1963 Equal Pay Act, adding confusion to the public debate over women's economic position. These dynamics showcase how technical choices made in the identification of stylized facts, such as statistical controls, are simultaneously deeply political choices.
Secular Reason? A Minor Query about a Major Work
Authors: Honneth Axel
Published: August 2022

This article asks what it means to claim that secular reason is “postmetaphysical” and differentiates among understandings of that notion in Jürgen Habermas’s work. The article considers what secular reason would have to achieve to make good on the claim that it still can provide us with such a comprehensive understanding or worldview. From a theoretical standpoint, we should explore how reality has to be understood for us to understand self and world; from a practical standpoint, we need to ask which attitudes we would actually have to adopt toward reality to find in it the kind of orientation that Habermas believes his version of secular reason holds in store. The article concludes by showing that Habermas’s thesis that secular reason can survive only in the form of a tradition that reaches back to either Immanuel Kant or David Hume is problematic because it neglects a third alternative, namely, a revised Aristotelianism.
The Production of Everyday Space for Workers: The New Village Movement in China, 1919–1936
Authors: Zhu Qian
Published: August 2022

The idea of a “new village” first emerged in the years 1919–20 and was widely discussed by Chinese intellectuals, who advocated for its humanitarian and social justice purposes and its goal of constructing a new society. This article focuses on the new village movement in China from 1919 to 1936, which was imagined and materialized by intellectuals, social reformers, and the Nationalist state in response to crises of capital accumulation, displacement of labor, and urbanization. New villages emerged as a worldwide sociopolitical response to exploitation and class antagonism—the worst effects of capital accumulation and the alienation of labor, under which the creation of everyday spaces for labor reproduction provided the key to constructing a new type of community for social transformation among migrant workers. Whereas the state and capital attempt to “pulverize” new villages into a manageable, calculable, and abstract grid, diverse social forces simultaneously attempt to create, defend, or extend spaces of social reproduction, everyday life, and grassroots control. Thus, the new village's anti-capitalism combined an eminently modern criticism of capitalism with the conservative recovery of an ideal rural community, in an attempt to overcome social inequality and the urban exploitation of the rural caused by capital accumulation.
Low-End Accumulation: Spatial Transformation and Social Stratification in a Beijing Urban Village
Authors: Ou Tzu-Chi
Published: August 2022

In late 2017, a tragic fire in southern Beijing led to a massive eviction and demolition campaign that drove out tens of thousands of rural migrant workers in bleak winter weather. While the evictions were widely covered by the mass media, few analyses examined the gongyu 公寓 (apartment complex), a low-rent housing complex where the fire broke out. Based on fieldwork in Beijing's northern fringe, this article examines the spatial transformation of residences from cramped one-story farmhouses to gongyu and how it signals the social stratification of migrant tenants. The emergence of the better-equipped gongyu, as an alternative modernity, caters to the influx of young tenants and migrants working in the service sector. Meanwhile, the rise of the gongyu has propelled an increase in the subcontracting of property management. The rationalization and specialization of the fast-growing private rental housing market have further led to estranged living among migrant tenants and landlords, who experience different forms of displacement in urban villages. Gongyu is the outcome of low-end accumulation, which is intended primarily for constructing low-quality, low-cost rental projects for the “low-end population.” Despite its prevalence, the urban village gongyu represents an overlooked, unrecognized, and undesirable mode of urbanization, which is the target of the recurring housing crackdown in China's capital.
AGRICULTURAL CONSUMER COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION OF RURAL ECONOMY
Authors: Mukhametgaliev Farit , Avhadiev Fayaz , Sitdikova Landysh
Published: August 2022

Currently, cooperatives in the Republic of Tatarstan cover only less than 2% of collective farms, about 5% of collective farms, less than 1% of household farms. The analysis of regional experience in the development of cooperation in the Republic of Tatarstan showed that the measures taken to develop cooperation in rural areas in the last four years have positive results. The increase of budget support for the last four years allowed to increase the number of operating cooperatives 3,3 times, contributed to the growth of cooperative movement members by 16 times, the growth of monetary gain by 6 times and return of budget support by 1,8 times. At the same time, almost half of the registered cooperatives are not able to establish effective activities. The number of operating cooperatives in municipal districts varies from 0 to 14, which in most cases is connected with the use of administrative resources of local authorities on the external influence of cooperative development on the increase of the number of established cooperatives to the detriment of the implementation of the internal mechanism of cooperative solidarity. In the Republic of Tatarstan there is conducted work on activation of cooperative movement due to the promotion of positive experience of cooperatives and strengthening of measures of state support of small forms of management and cooperative development, the volume of which made 856,2 million rubles in 2021, 905,8 million rubles in 2022. To ensure the effective functioning of agricultural consumer cooperatives it is necessary to provide a cluster format for the organization of agricultural consumer cooperatives on a territorial basis and to transfer production and economic processes to a digital platform, to a digital management system by levels and stages of product promotion with simultaneous training for the use of software developments.
SYNTHESIS OF SPATIAL FIVE- AND SIX-LINK MECHANISMS WITH ROTATIONAL PAIRS BY THE MOVEMENT OF THE OUTPUT LINK
Authors: Mudrov Aleksandr , Habibullin Fanil' , Pikmullin Gennadiy , Gurgenidze Zurab
Published: August 2022

The research was carried out in order to identify the optimal structural schemes of three-dimensional five- and six-link mechanisms with rotational pairs, which reproduce with the required accuracy a linear function during oscillatory and rotational motion of the output link. Spatial mechanisms, which are used as transmission and base mechanisms, make it possible to recreate the movement of the output or any working link with a given accuracy and provide the necessary rigidity, reliability and compactness of the structure. The synthesis of spatial mechanisms was carried out according to the given law of the output link. To implement oscillatory motion with working sections on the forward and reverse stroke, you can use crank-rocker five-links, in which the angles of crossing of the geometric axes of the hinges of adjacent links 4 and 5 are equal to . In a similar way, the synthesis of a spatial five-link was carried out, in which the angles of crossing the axes of the hinges of the output link α_4 and the rack α_5 are related by the dependence α_4= , by reproducing the oscillatory motion of the output balancer with the working stroke in a straight section. Optimal structural schemes of three-dimensional five- and six-link mechanisms are revealed, which reproduce with the required accuracy a linear function during the oscillatory and rotational motion of the output link. The resulting dependencies will be used to automate the optimization synthesis for the objective function of the six-link mechanism (or its five-link modification), which reproduces a linear function on a certain part of the turn of the output link with its full cranking
‘Minesweeper’: In Remembrance of Włodzimierz Borodziej (1956–2021)
Authors: Górny Maciej
Published: August 2022

The article outlines the life and achievements of Włodzimierz Borodziej, a contemporary historian. Initially a scholar of the history of Polish-German relations, he became the secretary, and later chairman, of the Polish-German Textbook Commission. Then, he engaged himself in the history of diplomacy and international relations; the ‘Polskie Dokumenty Dyplomatyczne’ [Polish Diplomatic Documents] series was established at his initiative. He also occupied various official positions at the University of Warsaw and in the Sejm of the Republic of Poland. In his final decade, he became interested in the history of Central and Eastern Europe. He also contributed to the creation of the permanent exhibition at the House of European History in Brussels.
Assessing the Contacts between Stefan Báthory and the Serbian Monks from Hilandar Monastery on Mount Athos in the Light of a Sixteenth-Century Model Letter
Authors: Dziadul Paweł
Published: August 2022

The paper deals with contacts between Polish King and Lithuanian Grand Duke Stefan Báthory (1576–86) and the Serbian monks from Hilandar Monastery on Mount Athos. The contacts are presented based on a model letter found in the letter-writing manual from the Hilandar Archive (no. 153). The monks asked Báthory for the introductory and travel letters for their journey to Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, where they would search for new benefactors [ktetors] and financial assistance from the Ruthenian Orthodox Christians. The model letter, supported by other written sources, also sheds light on the general characteristics of contacts with Catholic Polish-Lithuanian authorities and other rulers who mediated intercultural relations between the Ruthenian Orthodox Church and the Serbian (and Balkan in general) monastic milieus. These relations had a special significance for the group (confessional-cultural) identity of the Ruthenian Orthodox Christians and their tradition in the Counter-Reformation climate due to the proselytic policy and polemical attacks in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The Bishops of the Diocese of Vilnius and Lithuanian Domestic Politics in 1709–17: Attitudes, Problems, and Solutions
Authors: Šapoka Mindaugas
Published: August 2022

The article looks into the participation of the bishop ordinary of the diocese of Vilnius, Kazimierz Konstanty Brzostowski, and his suffragan, Maciej Józef Ancuta, in Lithuanian politics of the period between 1709 and 1717. The study has been based on the letters written by the bishops to the Lithuanian chancellor. It examines the bishops’ attitude towards Russian contributions, the taxation of Church estates, the arbitrary contributions raised by the Lithuanian army, the introduction of Saxon troops in 1713, the reaction to the king’s policies, and the attitude towards the nationwide uprising against the Saxon troops known as the confederations of Tarnogród and Vilnius. Finally, the bishops’ opinion on Russian mediation and the notorious Silent Sejm, where it was agreed that the liberum veto would be invalid. The bishops of the diocese of Vilnius were rather indifferent to the internal problems of Lithuania. They defended the immunity of the Church estates and disapproved of the introduction of Saxon troops. However, when the confederations were formed, they tried to manoeuvre between the noble and royal camps, not wanting to ruin their reputation on either side. The bishops often spoke on behalf of the diocesan clergy. Therefore, their adopted posture was often the expression of the opinion of the whole diocese’s clergy.
“There Will Be No Free Bohemia without Free Poland, No Free Poland without Free Bohemia”. Masaryk’s Vision of Independent States
Authors: Pavlíček Tomáš W.
Published: August 2022

The aim of the paper is to examine, using the comparative perspective, how politicians and historians perceived the ideas applied in the process of formation of the states of Poland and Czechoslovakia. The situation in the period of 1918–20 seemed to be open to various opportunities for constituting and cooperation of independent countries, but not all these opportunities were acceptable at that time. Although some of them had a stabilising potential, the official narrative became the foundation for national historiography.

The traditional master narrative (roles of Masaryk, Dmowski, Piłsudski), interrupted by the caesura of the 1945/54–89 period, understandably affects the current understanding of a state and celebration of its anniversaries, which raises a need to find a paradigm of interpretation that deviates from the nation state. The author disputes the approach of historiography which considered military violence a defining element of the process of formation of a state. He regards choosing a perspective which explains the transfer of the traits of the founders to the states as social institutions (quasi-figures) to be beneficial. Using archival documents, he shows how Masaryk’s ideas of forming a New Europe were received in Poland and what image of the situation in Poland was presented to Masaryk. Criticism of the neighbouring state in the speeches of the members of the Sejm was instrumentalised with regard to the tensions in the home politics. That is why the author puts the dispute about the Seven-day War and the Polish-Ukrainian conflict into a broader perspective.
Why did God not Create us in Heaven? The Idea of Creation in statu viae in Thomas Aquinas and Thomas Talbott
Authors: Adamski Bartosz
Published: August 2022

Dlaczego Bóg nie stworzył nas w niebie? Idea stworzenia in statu viae u Tomasza z Akwinu i Thomasa Talbotta

Thomas Talbott, ewangelicki profesor filozofii i uniwersalista, swoim dziele zatytułowanym The Inescapable Love of God (wyd. 1999 r.), odpowiada Michaelowi Murray’owi, który, zakładając uniwersalistyczną powszechność zbawienia, zadaje następujące pytanie: Dlaczego Bóg nie stworzył nas wszystkich ab initio w stanie ostatecznym w niebie? W artykule zostanie porównana odpowiedź Talbotta na pytanie postawione przez Murraya z nauczaniem św. Tomasza z Akwinu, który wyjaśnia, dlaczego Raj był właściwym miejscem dla ludzi przed grzechem pierworodnym. W ten sposób zostaną ukazane podobieństwa i różnice w rozumowaniu Akwinaty i Talbotta. Posłuży to do wykazania, że argumentacja Doktora Anielskiego jest wciąż użyteczna i aktualna we współczesnych debatach.
„Adamie, gdzie jesteś?” Dialogiczna egzegeza Hugona ze św. Wiktora we fragmencie jego Super Ecclesiasten
Authors: Janecki Marcin Jan
Published: August 2022

Artykuł zawiera fragment Komentarz do Księgi Koheleta mistrza Hugona ze św. Wiktora w przekładzie na język polski. W krótkim wstępie, poza zwięzłym przedstawieniem samego dzieła i okoliczności jego powstania, tłumacz, a zarazem wydawca krytyczny tego dzieła, zwraca uwagę na charakterystyczną dla Wiktoryna „dialogiczną” formę uprawiania egzegezy biblijnej. Super Ecclesiasten, będąc ostatnim egzegetycznym dziełem Hugona, stanowi najdoskonalsze świadectwo jego sposobu czytania i wyjaśniania Biblii. Prezentowany w przekładzie passus, oparty na będącym w przygotowaniu tekście krytycznym, jest tego wyjątkową i wyborną ilustracją.
Risk factors and diagnosis of iatrogenic damage of periodontal structures and roots during orthodontic Mini-Implants implantation procedures - a systematic literature review
Authors: Nieścior Hubert , Sereda Dominika , Metelska Aleksandra , Metelski Jakub
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose

In recent years, Mini-Implants (MI) have gained popularity and new complications have emerged with them. The article assesses the current reports on the scale of the problem, factors and diagnostic possibilities related to iatrogenic injuries of periodontal tissues and roots.

 

Description of the state of knowledge

The incidence of complications was estimated to be 13.5%. Complications are more common in the mandible and are estimated at 20-27.1%. Periodontal and root damage are an important risk factor for treatment failure. The fact that the implant does not interfere with the alveolus structure gives the treatment effectiveness in 90%, and the contact with the alveolar “lamina dura” is 62.5%. Interference with the root structure is successful in only 31.2%.

Risk factors for failure include: young age, poor hygiene, smoking, area of mandibular molars, contact with the root, thickness of the bone and lack of experience. The implant between the roots is a risk of root trauma, as the location close to the tooth cemento-enamel junction, no preparation for surgery, not using surgical templates, strenuous implantation or implant migration under the influence of orthodontic forces. Radiographs are the gold standard in the diagnosis of complications, but they do not allow for a full assessment of the three-dimensional structures of the implant. A promising method is the evaluation of the torque as the implant is placed in its final location. The patient's subjective feelings are questionable in diagnosis and require further research.

Summary

There are many complications in using MI and the most important of these is damage to the structures of the periodontium and the tooth root. Despite the low failure rate, failure should be prevented by pre-operative evaluation, in-operative monitoring, and post-operative diagnostics.
Clinical features and management of iris melanoma - a systematic review
Authors: Sereda Dominika , Nieścior Hubert , Metelska Aleksandra , Metelski Jakub
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose 
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Most of them arise in the choroid and ciliary body, whereas 2-5 % of the cases are located to the iris. Nevertheless, during the last few decades the incidence of this neoplasm has been increasing. The aim of the study is to discuss the risk factors, clinical features and methods of diagnosis and treatment of iris melanoma. 
Description of the state of knowledge 
Iris melanomas vary in their shape, size, degree of pigmentation and clinical behavior and most commonly present as a nodular tumor located in the lower temporal iris quadrant. This localisation is linked to exposure to solar radiation, which among light-colored iris, skin color and pre- existing iris naevus, is a risk factor for this malignancy. Gender predilection for the development of iris melanoma is unclear, however, some studies indicate a predominance of female patients. The most common clinical symptoms are growth of a pre-existing naevus, detection of new, dark lesion, pain secondary to elevated IOP and blurred vision. Due to anterior location of this site of uvea, early diagnosis and treatment is possible. Slit-lamp examination, gonioscopy, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) allow staging of the tumor to guide the most appropriate treatment. As many primary iris lesions have a benign prognosis, surgical resection or radiotherapy is efficient way of treatment and allows good local tumor control.  
Summary 
Iris melanoma is least frequent of all uveal melanomas and usually presents as variably pigmented, elevated, solitary lesion. When there is a clinical suspicion of malignancy slit- lamp examination and UBM should be performed. When early diagnosed it can be successfully treated.
Is Interreligious Dialogue Even Possible? Meeting the Other in a Philosophical Approach
Authors: Karpiuk Sylwia
Published: August 2022

To become reality, religious freedom requires the possibility of interreligious dialogue. Does dialogue lead to the abolition of differences between religions? Should dialogue lead to religious syncretism? This paper attempts to grasp the essence of interfaith dialogue on the basis of contemporary philosophy by presenting the notion of dialogical attitude, the adoption of which makes dialogue possible. Five necessary assumptions that constitute a dialogical attitude are characterized and must be accepted before meeting the Other. The idea of tikkun olam – the Jewish concept of repairing the world – is also presented briefly. Its recent reception, in the author’s belief, has established the perfect atmosphere for treating religious dialogue as an important step in achieving peace and justice.
Ehrenamt im Umbruch – Pastorale Folgen für Sozial-Caritatives Engagement
Authors: Kießig Sebastian , Celary Ireneusz
Published: August 2022

Voluntary engagement characterises the free civil societies of Poland and Germany. Not only forms of engagement are changing, but also church, pastoral and charitable engagement is subject to constant change. The article compares the forms of commitment in both countries and addresses which pastoral-theological observations accompany this change in charitable volunteering.