bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Contextual Factors on PSS Usefulness: an International Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Jiang Huaxiong , Geertman Stan , Witte Patrick
Published: July 2020

Contextual factors have been consistently argued as influencing the usefulness of planning support systems (PSS). Whereas previous studies were mostly conducted within a single planning project or based on experimental workshops, the present study looked at the application of PSS in smart city projects worldwide, and investigated the extent to which subjectively measured contextual factors contribute to PSS usefulness in smart cities. Based on a recent international questionnaire (268 respondents) designed to gather the perceptions of scholars and practitioners in the smart city realm, an ordinal regression model was fitted to assess the associations between the argued contextual factors and PSS usefulness. The results show that, in general, four contextual factors—namely the characteristics of the technology itself, user characteristics, characteristics of the planning process, and political context—have a significant influence on the usefulness of PSS, and that their impacts vary significantly. This paper emphasizes that only when PSS users can identify the critical contextual factors that are favorable and unfavorable, will the potential benefits of PSS for spatial planning be fully achieved.
Biochemical and physicochemical characteristics of the major muscle proteins from fish and shellfish
Authors: Ochiai Yoshihiro , Ozawa Hideo
Published: July 2020

Fish and marine invertebrates constitute an important part of the human diet worldwide, and their muscles are the major edible parts. The muscles are a rich source of proteins, which in other terms determines the nutritional value and the quality of seafood products. Though the fish skeletal muscle proteins share many similarities with their mammalian counterparts, there exist great differences in their biological activity and structural stability. While the muscles of shellfish or aquatic invertebrates share many properties and general structural features with their vertebrate counterparts, they have unique characteristics. Therefore, understanding the biochemical and physicochemical properties of their major protein components is needed from the viewpoint of effective utilization of aquatic bioresources. Thus, in this review, we aimed to assemble the basis of such differences and also to understand the benefits of these proteins as the targets for studies on the structure–stability relationship of proteins.
Bore-hole Well-cores Provide Evidence for Crustal Heterogeneity Beneath the Koyna-Warna Reservoir Site, Deccan Volcanic Province, India
Authors: Khanna Tarun C. , Arora Kusumita , Raza Haris , Chadha R. K. , Gupta Harsh K.
Published: July 2020

Extensive geophysical investigations are ongoing to address the causative mechanisms, which could explain the sustained seismicity in the Koyna-Warna region of the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP), western India. Towards this effort, several exploratory bore-holes ranging up to 1500 m in depth were drilled by CSIR-NGRI around the Koyna-Warna seismic zone for investigation of shallow crustal properties and long term monitoring of seismicity. The focus of this study is the examination of lithology from four bore-well-cores around the Warna area: from west to east, KBH05 (Phansavale), KBH09 (Khadi Kolvan), KBH10 (Udgiri) and KBH08 (Paneri). High-resolution lithologs of these bore-well-cores have been generated, which reveal subtrappean heterogeneity, especially given the limited areal extent of about three hundred square kilometers enclosing them. In this contribution, an account of lithological characteristics is provided, which were not available in the literature prior to this study. The discovery of relict greenstone volcanic rocks concealed beneath the Deccan Volcanic Province is reported, from one of the bore-well-cores as well as a thin layer of sediments in another. Fossil imprinted ash beds of substantial thickness are observed in two of the well-cores. Intrusive sheets of aplite/granite within the gneisses, seen in one of the well-cores, provides compelling evidence of a reworked basement beneath the Deccan Volcanic Province. The heterogeneity reported here is consistent with patterns of selective locales of earthquake occurrences in the Koyna-Warna zone; definitive roles for reservoir triggered seismicity needs further examination.
Nonuniform Oxidation Behavior of Loaded Gasoline Particulate Filters
Authors: Moses-DeBusk Melanie , Storey John M.E. , Eibl Mary A. , Thomas John F. , Toops Todd J. , Finney Charles E.A. , Pihl Josh A. , Bilheux Hassina Z. , Gregor Jens
Published: July 2020

The results of an experimental study on the oxidation behavior of loaded gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) from a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine are reported. PM was loaded on uncatalyzed cordierite GPF mini-cores by exposure to exhaust from a light-duty GDI engine operating during a rich acceleration condition on four fuels: 100% gasoline (E0); a 30% blend of ethanol in gasoline (E30); a 24% blend of isobutanol in gasoline (iBu24); or a 48% blend of isobutanol in gasoline (iBu48). The oxidative reactivities of these four types of PM were investigated as a function of temperature. Compared with E0, particulate matter (PM) from the ethanol blend showed a significant shift to lower temperature activity, whereas both isobutanol blends produced PM requiring higher temperatures to achieve complete oxidation. The oxidation kinetics of the E0 and E30 PM were studied in more detail. These cores were used in pulsed-oxidation studies to explore the oxidation kinetics of the PM throughout a stepwise burnout (i.e., regeneration). The results suggest that the reactivity of PM on GPF cores is sensitive to both its environmental history and the type of fuel being used. A unique neutron-imaging study was also performed on E0 and E30-loaded GPF cores to study how the PM layer thicknesses change during a stepwise burnout.
Differences in employment and income poverty between people with and without disabilities in South Africa
Authors: Graham Lauren
Published: July 2020

There is a substantial body of literature that confirms the cyclical relationship between poverty and disability. However, while there are studies that have sought to understand the relationship between income poverty and disability and how disability intersects with other factors to influence poverty, most do not offer insight into how this relationship is shaped – particularly given the limited availability of panel data. Furthermore, there is limited research on the effect of social grants and employment on income poverty, as well as how disability intersects with other factors to shape poverty. Guided by the capabilities approach, the focus of this article was therefore on the dynamics of the relationship between disability and two aspects of poverty, namely, income and employment, which are critical to the realization of capabilities. The findings show that people with disabilities in South Africa are more likely to be income poor and remain so over time, but that social grants serve to alleviate income poverty. Income poverty is explained in part by the fact that people with disabilities are less likely to be employed and that when they are employed they face significant wage gaps. Disability also intersects with race, sex and geographic location to shape income poverty in ways that have important implications for policy and programme development.
The Interplay of Positive and Negative Emotions to Quit Unhealthy Consumption Behaviors: Insights for Social Marketers
Authors: Muhammad Syed , Ahmadi Hormoz , Mortimer Gary , Sekhon Harjit , Kharouf Husni , Jebarajakirthy Charles
Published: July 2020

Prior research has valued the role that consumers' negative emotions play in formulating the strategies and advertising campaigns for quitting unhealthy consumption behaviors. Unhealthy consumption behaviors, such as smoking, are identified as the most important preventable cause of death globally. This study focuses on the interplay of positive and negative emotions in developing consumers' intentions to quit smoking. The study tests a model that positions consumer guilt and regret as antecedents to consumer hope, and intentions to quit smoking as its consequence. Using survey data from 300 consumers (smokers), the findings also suggest a moderating effect of frequency of physical exercise on the guilt–consumer hope relationship. For marketing theorists, the study advances knowledge of how positive and negative emotions interact to develop intentions to quit smoking. For social marketers, our study provides useful insights for investing in anti-consumption strategies and advertising campaigns for unhealthy consumption behaviors.
The Import Sales Contract System in Shanghai 1903–1918, with Special Reference to US–Chinese Commercial Disputes
Authors: Motono Eiichi
Published: July 2020

This article is part of my series of articles that deal with the Western and Chinese commercial disputes from the 1880s until the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War. In contrast to my previous articles, it deals with commercial disputes between American mercantile firms and Chinese trading merchants in the early twentieth century by examining the unpublished Shanghai American consular archives at NARA II (National Archives and Records Administration), College Park, Maryland. Together with correspondence in the North-China Herald (NCH), these archives can be materials for revealing the peculiar behavior of the proprietors of Chinese partnership (joint-share, or hegu 合股) firms. They cooperated with American mercantile firms so long as the assets of American mercantile firms could guarantee their commercial profits. Whenever they were aware that American mercantile firms could no longer guarantee the safety of their commercial assets, they did not hesitate in breaching commercial contracts by means of various tactics. Seen from the American side, it was nothing but a betrayal. Following typical cases in the records, this article reveals the process by which these commercial disputes escalated to such a level that leaders of Chinese mercantile people demanded reforms to the commercial court system at the end of the 1910s.
DYNAMIC HYPERINTENSIONAL BELIEF REVISION
Authors: ÖZGÜN AYBÜKE , BERTO FRANCESCO
Published: July 2020

We propose a dynamic hyperintensional logic of belief revision for non-omniscient agents, reducing the logical omniscience phenomena affecting standard doxastic/epistemic logic as well as AGM belief revision theory. Our agents don’t know all a priori truths; their belief states are not closed under classical logical consequence; and their belief update policies are such that logically or necessarily equivalent contents can lead to different revisions. We model both plain and conditional belief, then focus on dynamic belief revision. The key idea we exploit to achieve non-omniscience focuses ontopic-orsubject matter-sensitivity: a feature of belief states which is gaining growing attention in the recent literature.
UNIVERSISM AND EXTENSIONS OFV
Authors: ANTOS CAROLIN , BARTON NEIL , FRIEDMAN SY-DAVID
Published: July 2020

A central area of current philosophical debate in the foundations of mathematics concerns whether or not there is a single, maximal, universe of set theory. Universists maintain that there is such a universe, while Multiversists argue that there are many universes, no one of which is ontologically privileged. Often model-theoretic constructions that add sets to models are cited as evidence in favor of the latter. This paper informs this debate by developing a way for a Universist to interpret talk that seems to necessitate the addition of sets toV. We argue that, despite the prima facie incoherence of such talk for the Universist, she nonetheless has reason to try and provide interpretation of this discourse. We present a method of interpreting extension-talk (V-logic), and show how it captures satisfaction in ‘ideal’ outer models and relates to impredicative class theories. We provide some reasons to regard the technique as philosophically virtuous, and argue that it opens new doors to philosophical and mathematical discussions for the Universist.
THE LOGIC OF SEQUENCE FRAMES
Authors: LAMPERT FABIO
Published: July 2020

This paper investigates and develops generalizations of two-dimensional modal logics to any finite dimension. These logics are natural extensions of multidimensional systems known from the literature on logics for a priori knowledge. We prove a completeness theorem for propositional n-dimensional modal logics and show them to be decidable by means of a systematic tableau construction.
The Target of Incivility Cannot Be an Island
Authors: Zhao Peng , Xu Xiaohong , Peng Yisheng , Miner Kathi N.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. To address the inconsistencies regarding the effects of incivility on employee productivity and career satisfaction, this study adopted a multilevel approach to examine the cross-level moderating effect of department-level incivility on the negative impact of individual-level incivility. We tested our hypotheses using data from 717 faculty nested within 79 departments at a southwestern university. The hierarchical linear modeling results supported that individual-level incivility negatively related to career satisfaction but not productivity. Further, department-level incivility moderated the negative effects of individual-level incivility such that the negative effects of individual-level incivility on career satisfaction and productivity were reduced when most people in the department experienced incivility or when individuals were not singled out for being mistreated. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Arctic Continental Margin Sediments as Possible Fe and Mn Sources to Seawater as Sea Ice Retreats: Insights From the Eurasian Margin
Authors: Tessin Allyson , März Christian , Blais Marie‐Amélie , Brumsack Hans‐Juergen , Matthiessen Jens , O'Regan Matt , Schnetger Bernhard
Published: July 2020

Continental margins are hot spots for iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) cycling. In the Arctic Ocean, these depositional systems are experiencing rapid changes that could significantly impact biogeochemical cycling. In this study, we investigate whether continental margin sediments north of Svalbard represent a source or sink of Fe and Mn to the water column and how climate change might alter these biogeochemical cycles. Our results highlight that sediments on the Yermak Plateau and Sofia Basin exhibit accumulations of Fe and Mn phases compared to average shale. Conversely, sediments from the Barents Sea slope exhibit lower enrichments of Fe and Mn compared to average shale, with the exception of enriched, near‐surface sediment layers. Pore waters from these slope sites provide evidence for Fe and Mn reduction and diffusion of Fe and Mn into near surface sediments, which are susceptible to physical or biogeochemical remobilization. These regional patterns are best explained by the spatial distribution of sea ice coverage and labile organic carbon fluxes to the seafloor. As sea ice continues to retreat and the Yermak Plateau becomes seasonally ice‐free, productivity is expected to increase, which would increase the flux of carbon to the sediments, thereby increasing oxidant demand, and the reduction of Fe and Mn mineral phases. Our results suggest that as sea ice continues to retreat, the Yermak Plateau and other Arctic continental margins could become sources of Fe and Mn to Arctic bottom waters.
Wind Stress‐Induced Multiyear Predictability of Annual Extratropical North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies
Authors: Reintges A. , Latif M. , Bordbar M. H. , Park W.
Published: July 2020

Long‐term predictability of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) is commonly attributed to buoyancy‐forced changes of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Here we investigate the role of surface wind stress forcing in decadal hindcasts as another source of extratropical North Atlantic SST predictability. For this purpose, a global climate model is forced by reanalysis (ERA‐interim) wind stress anomalies over the period 1979–2017. The simulated climate states serve as initial conditions for decadal hindcasts. Significant skill in predicting detrended observed annual SST anomalies is observed over the extratropical central North Atlantic with anomaly correlation coefficients exceeding 0.6 at lead times of 4 to 7 yrs. The skill is insensitive to the calendar month of initialization and primarily linked to upper ocean heat content anomalies that lead anomalous SSTs by several years.
Chromatin remodeler Znhit1 preserves hematopoietic stem cell quiescence by determining the accessibility of distal enhancers
Authors: Sun Shenfei , Jiang Ning , Jiang Yamei , He Qiuping , He Hua , Wang Xin , Yang Li , Li Runsheng , Liu Feng , Lin Xinhua , Zhao Bing
Published: July 2020

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) utilizes its quiescence feature to combat exhaustion for lifetime blood cell supply. To date, how certain chromatin architecture and subsequent transcription profile permit HSC quiescence remains unclear. Here, we show an essential role of chromatin remodeler zinc finger HIT-type containing 1 (Znhit1) in maintaining HSC quiescence. We find that loss of Znhit1 leads to exhaustion of stem cell pool and impairment of hematopoietic function. Mechanically, Znhit1 determines the chromatin accessibility at distal enhancers of HSC quiescence genes, including Pten, Fstl1, and Klf4, for sustained transcription and consequent PI3K–Akt signaling inhibition. Moreover, Znhit1–Pten–PI3K–Akt axis also participates in controlling myeloid expansion and B-lymphoid specification. Our findings therefore identify a dominant role of Znhit1-mediated chromatin remodeling in preserving HSC function for hematopoietic homeostasis.
Immunotherapy in older patients with non-small cell lung cancer: Young International Society of Geriatric Oncology position paper
Authors: Gomes Fabio , Wong Melisa , Battisti Nicolò Matteo Luca , Kordbacheh Tiana , Kiderlen Mandy , Greystoke Alastair , Luciani Andrea
Published: July 2020

Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors against programmed cell death receptor (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) has been implemented in the treatment pathway of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from locally advanced disease to the metastatic setting. This approach has resulted in improved survival and a more favourable toxicity profile when compared with chemotherapy. Following the successful introduction of single-agent immunotherapy, current clinical trials are focusing on combination treatments with chemotherapy or radiotherapy or even other immunotherapeutic agents. However, most of the data available from these trials are derived from, and therefore might be more applicable to younger and fitter patients rather than older and often frail lung cancer real-world patients. This article provides a detailed review of these immunotherapy agents with a focus on the data available regarding older NSCLC patients and makes recommendations to fill evidence gaps in this patient population.
Structure and distribution of chalky deposits in the Pacific oyster using x-ray computed tomography (CT)
Authors: Banker Roxanne M. W. , Sumner Dawn Y.
Published: July 2020

Oysters are unusual among bivalves in that they possess chambers, often filled with soft, chalky calcite, that are irregularly scattered throughout the shell. Because the function of these so-called chalky deposits is still unclear, evaluating the growth and distribution of chalk is important for elucidating the ecological function of this unique shell trait. Specimens of the Pacific oysterMagallana gigas, an oyster well known for chalk expression, were grown in Bodega Harbor, Bodega Bay, CA. At the end of an 11 month growing period, specimens were culled and selected animals were submitted for x-ray computed-tomography imaging. Three-dimensional reconstructions of oyster shells were used to assess the overall distribution of chalk, and also to better understand the relationship between chalk and other structures within the shell. Results indicate that chalky deposits underly sculptural features on the shell exterior, such as external ridges and changes in growth direction, and also that there is a relationship between chalk formation and oyster processes of cementation. Overall, chalk is useful for a cementing lifestyle because it enables morphological plasticity needed to conform to irregular substrates, but also acts as a cheap building material to facilitate rapid growth.
Selection of mutant µplasmin for amyloid-β cleavage in vivo
Authors: Yang Dongying , Zhu Wei , Wang Yingjie , Tan Fangmei , Ma Zhiping , Gao Jiali , Lin Xinli
Published: July 2020

One of the main culprits of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the formation of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide polymers and the aggregation of Aβ to form plaques in the brain. We have developed techniques to purify the catalytic domain of plasmin, micro-plasmin (µPlm), which can be used for an Aβ-clearance based AD therapy. However, in serum, µPlm is irreversibly inhibited by its principal inhibitor α2-antiplasmin (α2-AP). In this study, we engineered and selected mutant forms of µPlm that are both catalytically active and insensitive to α2-AP inhibition. We identified surface residues of μPlm that might interact and bind α2-AP, and used an alanine-scanning mutagenesis method to select residues having higher activity but lower α2-AP inhibition. Then we employed saturation mutagenesis for further optimize both properties. Modeled complex structure of µPlm/α2-AP shows that F587 is a critical contact residue, which can be used as a starting position for further investigation.
An osmolality/salinity-responsive enhancer 1 (OSRE1) in intron 1 promotes salinity induction of tilapia glutamine synthetase
Authors: Kim Chanhee , Kültz Dietmar
Published: July 2020

Euryhaline tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) are fish that tolerate a wide salinity range from fresh water to > 3× seawater. Even though the physiological effector mechanisms of osmoregulation that maintain plasma homeostasis in fresh water and seawater fish are well known, the corresponding molecular mechanisms that control switching between hyper- (fresh water) and hypo-osmoregulation (seawater) remain mostly elusive. In this study we show that hyperosmotic induction of glutamine synthetase represents a prominent part of this switch. Proteomics analysis of the O. mossambicus OmB cell line revealed that glutamine synthetase is transcriptionally regulated by hyperosmolality. Therefore, the 5′ regulatory sequence of O. mossambicus glutamine synthetase was investigated. Using an enhancer trapping assay, we discovered a novel osmosensitive mechanism by which intron 1 positively mediates glutamine synthetase transcription. Intron 1 includes a single, functional copy of an osmoresponsive element, osmolality/salinity-responsive enhancer 1 (OSRE1). Unlike for conventional enhancers, the hyperosmotic induction of glutamine synthetase by intron 1 is position dependent. But irrespective of intron 1 position, OSRE1 deletion from intron 1 abolishes hyperosmotic enhancer activity. These findings indicate that proper intron 1 positioning and the presence of an OSRE1 in intron 1 are required for precise enhancement of hyperosmotic glutamine synthetase expression.
Author Correction: Comprehensive genomic analysis of a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pantoea agglomerans strain P5
Authors: Shariati J Vahid , Malboobi Mohammad Ali , Tabrizi Zeinab , Tavakol Elahe , Owlia Parviz , Safari Maryam
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Publisher Correction: Interplay of Calcium and Nitric Oxide in improvement of Growth and Arsenic-induced Toxicity in Mustard Seedlings
Authors: Singh Rachana , Parihar Parul , Prasad Sheo Mohan
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Advances in anion transport and supramolecular medicinal chemistry
Authors: Davis Jeffery T. , Gale Philip A. , Quesada Roberto
Published: July 2020

The development of discrete molecular carriers for anions and supramolecular anion channels are reviewed followed by an overview of the use of these systems in biological systems as putative treatments for diseases such as cystic fibrosis and cancer.
Chlorotoxin-derived bicyclic peptides for targeted imaging of glioblastomas
Authors: Li Meiqing , Shao Ximing , Wu Chunlei , Lu Danyi , Liu Ke , Wang Wei , Liu Jiakai , Li Hongchang , Su Wu , Fang Lijing
Published: July 2020

Chlorotoxin-derived bicyclic peptide-biomolecule conjugates were synthesized conveniently by cyclizing fully-unprotected linear peptides with a designed tetrafunctional reagent (TTA).
Selective catalytic 2e−-oxidation of organic substrates by an FeII complex having an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand in water
Authors: Fujisaki Hiroto , Ishizuka Tomoya , Shimoyama Yoshihiro , Kotani Hiroaki , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Kojima Takahiko
Published: July 2020

An FeII complex, 1, having a pentadentate ligand with an NHC moiety catalyzes substrate oxidation to afford 2e−-oxidized products with high selectivity by suppression of overoxidation in water.
Structural evidence for a reaction intermediate mimic in the active site of a sulfite dehydrogenase
Authors: Djeghader Ahmed , Rossotti Melanie , Abdulkarim Saleh , Biaso Frédéric , Gerbaud Guillaume , Nitschke Wolfgang , Schoepp-Cothenet Barbara , Soulimane Tewfik , Grimaldi Stéphane
Published: July 2020

We provide structural and spectroscopic evidence for a molybdenum–phosphate adduct mimicking a proposed reaction intermediate in the active site of a prokaryotic sulfite oxidizing enzyme.
NIR-emitting squaraine J-aggregate nanosheets
Authors: Shen Chia-An , Würthner Frank
Published: July 2020

The self-assembly of a newly synthesized bis(squaraine) dye was investigated revealing the formation of J-type aggregates with absorption maxima at 886 nm.
Iron Fenton oxidation of 2′-deoxyguanosine in physiological bicarbonate buffer yields products consistent with the reactive oxygen species carbonate radical anion not the hydroxyl radical
Authors: Fleming Aaron M. , Burrows Cynthia J.
Published: July 2020

Fe(ii)-Fenton reaction in bicarbonate buffer yields CO3˙−, not HO˙, oxidizing 2′-deoxyguanosine to yield 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine with no ribose damage.
Iminoguanidines: from anion recognition and separation to carbon capture
Authors: Custelcean Radu
Published: July 2020

The chemistry of iminoguanidines, first reported in 1898 by Johannes Thiele, is reviewed from the anion and CO2separations perspectives.
Access to dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyrrol-5-ones skeletons by N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [3+3] annulations
Authors: Wu Ya-Tong , Zhang Rui , Duan Xiao-Yong , Yu Hai-Fei , Sun Bo-Yu , Qi Jing
Published: July 2020

A NHC-catalyzed [3+3] annulation of enals with pyrrol-4-ones was developed, thus providing various dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyrrol-5-ones with broad scope and excellent enantioselectivities.
Molecular design of a non-fullerene acceptor enables a P3HT-based organic solar cell with 9.46% efficiency
Authors: Yang Chenyi , Zhang Shaoqing , Ren Junzhen , Gao Mengyuan , Bi Pengqing , Ye Long , Hou Jianhui
Published: July 2020

A record PCE of ∼9.5% is achieved for a P3HT-based non-fullerene OSC with enhanced VOC and optimized phase separation morphology by modifying the end groups of the NFA, ZY-4Cl.
Ionothermal carbonization in [Bmim][FeCl4]: an opportunity for the valorization of raw lignocellulosic agrowastes into advanced porous carbons for CO2 capture
Authors: Cibien Laure , Parot Maxime , Fotsing Patrick Nkuigue , Gaveau Philippe , Woumfo Emmanuel Djoufac , Vieillard Julien , Napoli Alfredo , Brun Nicolas
Published: July 2020

In this study, we investigated the ionothermal carbonization (ITC) in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate, [Bmim][FeCl4], of cocoa bean shells, a raw lignocellulosic agrowaste.
Regio- and stereoselective C(sp2)–H acylation of enamides with aldehydes via transition-metal-free photoredox catalysis
Authors: Zhao Kai , Zhang Xiao-Chen , Tao Ji-Yu , Wu Xian-Dan , Wu Jia-Xu , Li Wei-Ming , Zhu Tong-Hao , Loh Teck-Peng
Published: July 2020

A regio- and stereoselective β-C(sp2)–H acylation of enamides with aldehydes is demonstrated, affording geometrically defined acylated enamides under environmentally friendly conditions.
Needles in haystacks: using fast-response LA chambers and ICP-TOF-MS to identify asbestos fibres in malignant mesothelioma models
Authors: Greenhalgh Calum J. , Voloaca Oana M. , Shaw Phil , Donard Ariane , Cole Laura M. , Clench Malcolm R. , Managh Amy J. , Haywood-Small Sarah L.
Published: July 2020

A prototype time-of-flight mass spectrometer and prototype laser ablation chamber have been used together for the first time, providing differentiation between three forms of harmful asbestos fibre in biological samples.
Asymmetric-donor (D2D2′)–acceptor (A) conjugates for simultaneously accessing intrinsic blue-RTP and blue-TADF
Authors: Bhatia Harsh , Ray Debdas
Published: July 2020

Asymmetric-donor–acceptor (D2D2′–A) conjugates for simultaneously accessing blue room-temperature phosphorescence (BRTP) and blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (BTADF).
Manganese-induced neurotoxicity in cerebellar granule neurons due to perturbation of cell network pathways with potential implications for neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Hernández Raúl Bonne , Carrascal Montserrat , Abian Joaquin , Michalke Bernhard , Farina Marcelo , Gonzalez Yasmilde Rodriguez , Iyirhiaro Grace O , Moteshareie Houman , Burnside Daniel , Golshani Ashkan , Suñol Cristina
Published: July 2020

Manganese (Mn) is essential for living organisms, playing an important role in nervous system function. Nevertheless, chronic and/or acute exposure to this metal, especially during early life stages, can lead to neurotoxicity and dementia by unclear mechanisms. Thus, based on previous works of our group with yeast and zebrafish, we hypothesized that the mechanisms mediating manganese-induced neurotoxicity can be associated with the alteration of protein metabolism. These mechanisms may also depend on the chemical speciation of manganese. Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating the mechanisms mediating the toxic effects of manganese in primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). By exposing cultured CGNs to different chemical species of manganese ([[2-[(dithiocarboxy)amino]ethyl]carbamodithioato]](2-)-kS,kS′]manganese, named maneb (MB), and [[1,2-ethanediylbis[carbamodithioato]](2-)]manganese mixture with [[1,2-ethanediylbis[carbamodithioato]](2-)]zinc, named mancozeb (MZ), and manganese chloride (MnCl2)), and using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, we observed that both MB and MZ induced similar cytotoxicity (LC50 ∼ 7–9 μM), which was higher than that of MnCl2 (LC50 ∼ 27 μM). Subsequently, we applied systems biology approaches, including metallomics, proteomics, gene expression and bioinformatics, and revealed that independent of chemical speciation, for non-cytotoxic concentrations (0.3–3 μM), Mn-induced neurotoxicity in CGNs is associated with metal dyshomeostasis and impaired protein metabolism. In this way, we verified that MB induced more post-translational alterations than MnCl2, which can be a plausible explanation for cytotoxic differences between both chemical species. The metabolism of proteins is one of the most energy consuming cellular processes and its impairment appears to be a key event of some cellular stress processes reported separately in other studies such as cell cycle arrest, energy impairment, cell signaling, excitotoxicity, immune response, potential protein accumulation and apoptosis. Interestingly, we verified that Mn-induced neurotoxicity shares pathways associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. This has been observed in baker's yeast and zebrafish suggesting that the mode of action of Mn may be evolutionarily conserved.
Evaluation of curcumin assistance in the antimicrobial and photocatalytic activity of a carbon based TiO2nanocomposite
Authors: Suba V. , Saravanabhavan M. , Krishna Lakkaboyana Sivarama , Kaleemulla Shaik , Ranjith Kumar E. , Rathika G.
Published: July 2020

The present study focuses on the synthesis of visible light active curcumin supported TiO2/AC (curcumin–TiO2/AC) through sol–gel and wet impregnation methods for the decolourization of Reactive Blue 160.
Novel BODIPY-subphthalocyanine dyads with reasonable photodynamic therapy behaviours
Authors: Kazan Hasan Hüseyin , Özcan Emrah , Çoşut Bünyemin , Yenilmez Çiftçi Gönül , Tanrıverdi Eçik Esra
Published: July 2020

In this study, a set of bio-compatible and NIR emissive BODIPY-subphthalocyanine dyads (SP–DBD1–3) that contain amphiphilic triethyleneglycol units supporting partial water solubility and red absorbing BODIPY monomers (DBD1–3) were prepared.
Identification of key odorants in complex mixtures occurring in nature
Authors: Baldovini Nicolas , Chaintreau Alain
Published: July 2020

Here are reviewed the methods based on gas chromatography-olfactometry to identify natural key odorants, followed by an overview of the richness of Nature's olfactome through examples on the chemistry of wine and various other natural odorants.
Copper, zinc, and manganese niobates (CuNb2O6, ZnNb2O6, and MnNb2O6): structural characteristics, Li+ storage properties, and working mechanisms
Authors: Lee Sung-Yun , Lim An Seop , Kwon Yong Min , Cho Kuk Young , Yoon Sukeun
Published: July 2020

Niobium-based oxides are considered promising anode materials for Li-ion batteries due to their high capacities, good cyclability, and excellent safety.
Correction: A CO2-responsive smart fluid based on supramolecular assembly structures varying reversibly from vesicles to wormlike micelles
Authors: Xiong Chunming , Wei Falin , Zhou Qiang , Peng Kang , Ye Zhengrong , Yang Haiyang
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘A CO2-responsive smart fluid based on supramolecular assembly structures varying reversibly from vesicles to wormlike micelles’ by Chunming Xiong et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 25311–25318, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA03854G.
Controlled synthesis of organic two-dimensional nanostructures via reaction-driven, cooperative supramolecular polymerization
Authors: Dhiman Shikha , Ghosh Rita , Sarkar Souvik , George Subi J.
Published: July 2020

We report the kinetically controlled supramolecular polymerization of organic two-dimensional charge-transfer nanostructures via a chemical reaction (imine)-driven approach.
Cytokine-induced killer cells-assisted tumor-targeting delivery of Her-2 monoclonal antibody-conjugated gold nanostars with NIR photosensitizer for enhanced therapy of cancer
Authors: Liang Shujing , Sun Menglin , Lu Yonglin , Shi Shuo , Yang Yiting , Lin Yun , Feng Chan , Liu Jie , Dong Chunyan
Published: July 2020

Herein, CIK cells were loaded with GNS@ICG-Ab as an innovative nanoplatform under the guidance of multimodal imaging for synergistic cancer therapy.
Common Configurations of Real-Ear Aided Response Targets Prescribed by NAL-NL2 for Older Adults With Mild-to-Moderate Hearing Loss
Authors: Jensen Justin , Vyas Dhruv , Urbanski Dana , Garudadri Harinath , Chipara Octav , Wu Yu-Hsiang
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study investigates common real-ear aided response (REAR) configurations prescribed by the NAL-NL2 algorithm for older adults with hearing loss.

Method

A data set that is representative of the older adult U.S. population with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss was constructed from the audiometric data of 934 adults (aged 55–85 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey years 1999–2012. Two clustering approaches were implemented to generate common REAR configurations for eight frequencies (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz) at three input levels (55, 65, and 75 dB SPL). (a) In the REAR-based clustering approach, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey audiograms were first converted to REAR targets and then clustered to generate common REAR configurations. (b) In the audiogram-based clustering approach, the audiograms were first clustered into common hearing loss profiles and then converted to REAR configurations. The trade-off between the number of available REAR configurations and the percentage of the U.S. population whose hearing loss could be fit by at least one of them (i.e., percent coverage) was evaluated. Hearing loss fit was defined as less than ± 5-dB difference between an individual's REAR targets and those of the clustered REAR configuration.

Results

Percent coverage increases with the number of available REAR configurations, with four configurations resulting in 75% population coverage. Overall, REAR-based clustering yielded 5 percentage points better coverage on average compared to audiogram-based clustering.

Conclusions

The common REAR configurations can be used for programming the gain frequency responses in preconfigured over-the-counter hearing aids and provide clinically appropriate amplification settings for older adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss.
Pour une approche interdisciplinaire du risque environnemental. Le cas de l’uranium
Authors: Bretesché Sophie , Montavon Gilles , Martin Alexis
Published: July 2020

La transition écologique contemporaine impose de se pencher sur les conséquences sanitaires et environnementales du passé industriel des territoires. Le projet de recherche « Traces, Transfert, Patrimoine », dont il est question ici, s’inscrit précisément dans cette réflexion, en s’intéressant au devenir des anciennes mines d’uranium françaises. La notion de radioactivité naturelle renforcée consécutive à la post-exploitation de l’uranium rend nécessaire une compréhension de la dynamique des territoires et des contaminants, afin de contribuer à une gestion des risques plus intégrée et plus anticipatrice. Le projet s’appuie sur une démarche conduite pour appréhender le risque environnemental dans sa dimension physique et sociale. Issu d’un programme de recherche conduit entre la sociologie et la radiochimie, il vise à caractériser l’empreinte de l’uranium au travers des traces, des processus de transfert et de la qualification du patrimoine.
Iron-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cross-Dehydrogenative C(sp3)–H/X–H (X = C, N, S) Coupling Reactions
Authors: Xu Da-Zhen , Hu Ren-Ming , Lai Yi-Huan
Published: July 2020

The direct functionalization of C(sp3)–H bonds is an attractive research topic in organic synthetic chemistry. The cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction provides a simple and powerful tool for the construction of C–C and C–heteroatom bonds. Recently, some progress has been made in the iron-catalyzed aerobic oxidative CDC reactions. Here, we present recent developments in the direct functionalization of C(sp3)–H bonds catalyzed by simple iron salts with molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant.

1 Introduction

2 C(sp3)–C Bond Formation

3 C(sp3)–N Bond Formation

4 C(sp3)–S(Se) Bond Formation

5 Conclusion and Outlook
Cancer and Pregnancy: National Trends
Authors: Ma Kimberly K. , Monsell Sarah E. , Chandrasekaran Suchitra , Gadi Vijayakrishna K. , Gammill Hilary S.
Published: July 2020

Objective Cancer and pregnancy are likely increasing; however, updated estimates are needed to optimally address the unique needs of this patient population. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of cancer and cancer survivorship at delivery, to test the change in odds of cancer and cancer survivorship at delivery over the 10-year period, and to compare medical conditions, serious events, and obstetric complications between pregnancies with and without cancer at delivery.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest all-payer inpatient health database in the United States. We identified delivery admissions from 2004 to 2013 with a concurrent diagnosis of cancer using International Classification of Disease, ninth revision (ICD-9) codes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the change in prevalence of concurrent cancer, cancer survivorship, and pregnancy and to compare outcomes between deliveries with and without cancer. All analyses were adjusted for NIS-provided population weights and strata.

Results During the study period, the NIS represented a national estimate of 40,855,208 deliveries. The odds of cancer increased from 3.41/10,000 deliveries in 2004 to 4.33/10,000 in 2013. This trend was statistically significant, including after adjustment for maternal age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.04]). Cancer survivorship at delivery increased significantly (aOR = 1.07 [95% CI: 1.06–1.08]). Women with cancer more often experienced one or more of the following: death, ventilation, cardiac arrest, sepsis, or acute respiratory or renal failure during delivery (aOR for composite outcome 10.7 [95% CI: 6.6–17.2]), even after adjustment in a multivariable logistic regression model.

Conclusion The odds of cancer and cancer survivorship at delivery increased from 2004 to 2013, independent of maternal age. Women with cancer were more likely to experience medical or obstetric complications during their delivery compared with women without cancer. These findings highlight the importance of obstetric and oncologic clinical and research collaboration to improve patient care.

Key Points
Stand-off radiation detection techniques
Authors: Sawant Ashwini , Kwak Donghyun , Lee Ingeun , Chung Moses , Choi EunMi
Published: July 2020

Remote detection of radioactive materials is extremely challenging, yet it is important to realize the technique for safe usage of radioactive materials. Gamma rays are the most far distant penetrating photons that are involved with the radiation decay process. Herein, we overview the gamma-ray detection techniques that are material-based and vacuum tube-based. A muon detector is also reviewed as a radioactive material imager. We overview versatile detectors that are currently being widely used and new concepts that may pave the way for promising remote detectability up to several kilometers.
The anatomy of the 2019 Chilean social unrest
Authors: Caroca Soto Paulina , Cartes Carlos , Davies Toby P. , Olivari Jocelyn , Rica Sergio , Vogt-Geisse Katia
Published: July 2020

We analyze the 2019 Chilean social unrest episode, consisting of a sequence of events, through the lens of an epidemic-like model that considers global contagious dynamics. We adjust the parameters to the Chilean social unrest aggregated public data available from the Undersecretary of Human Rights and observe that the number of violent events follows a well-defined pattern already observed in various public disorder episodes in other countries since the 1960s. Although the epidemic-like models display a single event that reaches a peak followed by an exponential decay, we add standard perturbation schemes that may produce a rich temporal behavior as observed in the 2019 Chilean social turmoil. Although we only have access to aggregated data, we are still able to fit it to our model quite well, providing interesting insights on social unrest dynamics.
Beam impedance minimization for accelerator beamline insertion devices
Authors: Konoplev I. V. , Posthuma De Boer D. W. , Warsop C. , John M.
Published: July 2020

Use of complex state-of-the art detectors and monitors is essential to carry out high-energy and nuclear physics experiments at accelerator/collider facilities. The detectors are used to monitor charged particle beam parameters at large accelerator facilities such as coherent light sources and to develop new state-of-the art accelerators. Improvements in beam quality and lifetime necessitate the advancement of the instrumentation for successful operation of the accelerator facilities. Minimization of the beam-line-inserted devices’ influence on the beam is therefore one of the essential considerations during the design of such facilities and the preparation of experiments. In this paper, we suggest and discuss a roadmap to minimize this influence. It is developed using fundamental concepts and numerical modeling, and we show that this is a multi-stage and multi-parametric problem that needs careful consideration. To illustrate the roadmap, the vacuum vessel for the vertex locator detector (CERN) is used. The results are discussed and, using them, the steps and stages of the design optimization are suggested. The suggested procedure can be applied to optimize the design of any beamline insertion device and will contribute to the development of next generation particle/accelerator detectors and monitors.
Systematic investigations of level delocalization and spectroscopy of hydrogen atom subjected to a plasma environment using various statically screened potentials
Authors: Chen Zhan-Bin , Qi Yue-Ying , Sun Hua-Yang , Zhao Guo-Peng , Liu Peng-Fei
Published: July 2020

The description of the plasma effect using an accurate screened potential, which is crucial for many applications of plasma physics, represents a hitherto challenge for theory. Here, we present a theoretical determination of the level delocalization and transition rate of an exemplary hydrogen atom immersed in plasmas. Specific forms of the screened potentials include the average-atom, the standard ion-sphere, and those recently proposed by Shukla and Eliasson [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 165007 (2012)], Akbari-Moghanjoughi [Phys. Plasmas 22, 022103 (2015)], and Stanton and Murillo [Phys. Rev. E 91, 033104 (2015)]. Calculations including these potentials are performed with a new uniform relativistic self-consistent model electron photon processes in plasmas we developed. A comparison with the five sets of results obtained from our models in a uniform background (same density or temperature regions) is presented for the first time, and deviations among each other are shown. The present results not only provide valuable information regarding plasma effects but also reveal the applicability and the limitation of these models in some regimes and pave the way toward a deeper understanding of collective behavior for atoms or ions subjected to the plasma environments.
Generation of empirical pseudopotentials for transport applications and their application to group IV materials
Authors: Laturia Akash A. , Van de Put Maarten L. , Vandenberghe William G.
Published: July 2020

Empirical pseudopotentials (EPs) allow for accurate and efficient modeling of atomistic electron transport. Unfortunately, EPs are available only for a few materials and atomic configurations. Furthermore, EPs for nanostructures have historically been described using a variety of different parameterized forms. To compete with more general first-principles methods, we propose an automated workflow to generate EPs of a general form for any material and atomistic configuration. In particular, we focus on the generation of EPs for electron transport calculations, i.e., we provide an EP that accurately reproduces a reference band structure. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, we generate the EPs to reproduce the band structure for bulk Si, Ge, 3C–SiC (zinc-blende polytype), 4H–SiC (hexagonal polytype), diamond, and hydrogen terminated ⟨100⟩ oriented Si and Ge thin films, calculated using first principles. In addition, using the generated EPs, along with the virtual crystal approximation, we demonstrate that our method reproduces accurately the band structure related properties of Si1−xGex alloy as a function of Ge mole fraction, x. As an application of our generated EPs, we perform ballistic quantum transport simulations of extremely scaled (≈0.6 nm wide), hydrogen terminated, ⟨100⟩ oriented Ge and Si gate-all-around nanowire field-effect transistors and compare their transfer characteristics.