bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sympatonic Coexistence Mechanism: A Case Study of Two Penahia Species in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea
Authors: Yan Yunrong , Luo Konglan , He Xiongbo , Zhou Yan , Yi Xiaoying , Zhao Chunxu , Yang Xiaodong , Wang Jinxi
Published: December 2023

The study of trophic relationships among closely related species plays an important role in deepening our understanding of the resource utilization characteristics, differentiation patterns, and population dynamics of co-occurring species in the same habitat. This research uses two congeneric fish species, Pennahia pawak and Pennahia anea, as examples. Based on stomach content analysis and carbon-nitrogen stable isotope analysis, a comparative analysis of their feeding habits and trophic niches is conducted. Additionally, spatial niche analysis is employed to explore the coexistence and competitive mechanisms between these two closely related fish species. The results showed that both P. pawak and P. anea had similar feeding habits, mainly feeding on Pisces and Macrura, but there were some feeding preferences between the two species. Interspecific prey overlap was meaningful but not significant, with an overlap coefficient of 0.56. There were significant differences in feeding habits between the two species during different seasons. Based on stable isotope analyses, body length of both species had a significant positive correlation with δ15N (Pearson r=0.65, P<0.01; Pearson r=0.44, P<0.01), but not with δ13C (P>0.05). Standard ellipse corrected area (SEAc) of P. pawak and P. anea were 0.65 and 1.16, while the trophic niche overlap was only 0.29, which was not significant; the spatial niche width of the two was 1.19 and 0.58, respectively, and the spatial niche overlap was only 0.20, which was not significant. Intra-species competition was intense in P. pawak and P. anea, but reduced feeding specialization had a mitigating effect on intra-species competition. Interspecific competition was present but not significant, and was mitigated by trophic and spatial niche differentiation.
Quality of Life and Incidence of Clinical Signs and Symptoms among Caregivers of Person with Mental Disorder
Authors: Oikonomou Vasiliki , Gkintoni Evgenia , Halkiopoulos Constantinos , Karademas Evangelos C
Published: December 2023

Background: Caring for individuals with mental disorders poses significant challenges for caregivers, often leading to compromised quality of life and mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression. This study aims to assess the extent of these challenges among caregivers in Greece, identifying which demographic factors influence their well-being. Method: A total of 157 caregivers were surveyed using the SF-12 Health Survey for quality of life assessment and the DASS-21 questionnaire for evaluating stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. T-tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and regression analyses were applied to understand the associations between demographics, quality of life, and mental health outcomes. Results: The study found that caregivers, especially women and younger individuals, faced high levels of mental health challenges. Marital status, educational level, and employment status also significantly influenced caregivers' well-being. Depression was the most significant factor negatively correlating with the mental component of quality of life. The magnitude of burden experienced by caregivers highlighted the urgency for targeted social and financial support, as well as strategic treatment programs that consider caregiver well-being. Conclusions: Caregivers of individuals with mental disorders endure significant stress, anxiety, and depression, influencing their quality of life. Demographic factors such as age, gender, marital status, education, and employment status have notable impacts. Findings emphasize the need for society-wide recognition of caregivers' roles and the creation of comprehensive support and intervention programs to alleviate their burden, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Room-Temperature O3 detection: zero-bias sensors based on ZnO thin films
Authors: Bolli Eleonora , Fornari Alice , Bellucci Alessandro , Mastellone Matteo , Valentini Veronica , Mezzi Alessio , Polini Riccardo , Santagata Antonio , Trucchi Daniele Maria
Published: December 2023

ZnO thin films with a thickness of 300 nm were deposited on Si and Al2O3 substrates using electron beam evaporation technique with the aim to be tested as low cost and low power consumption gas sensors for ozone (O3). To characterize the surface roughness and the grain size, which are the main parameters recognized to enhance gas sensitivity since they directly influence the effective sensing area, surface morphology and roughness analyses of the films were performed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The crystalline structure and elemental composition were studied through Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Gas tests were conducted at room temperature and zero-bias voltage to assess the sensitivity and response as a function of time of the films to O3 pollutant. The results indicate that the films deposited on Al2O3 exhibit promising characteristics, such as high sensitivity and a very short response time (< 2 s) to the gas concentration. Additionally, it was observed that the films display pronounced degradation effects after a significant exposure to O3.
Impact of Biodiversity Loss on the Structure and Stability of a Marine Antarctic Food Web
Authors: Salinas Vanesa , Cordone Georgina , Marina Tomás Ignacio , Momo Fernando Roberto
Published: December 2023

The consequences of climate change and anthropogenic stressors, such as habitat loss and overexploitation, are threatening the subsistence of species and communities across the planet. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the impact of environmental perturbations on the diversity, structure and function of ecosystems. In this work, in silico simulations of biodiversity loss were carried out on the marine food web of Caleta Potter (25 de Mayo Island, Antarctica) where global warming has caused critical changes in the abundance and distribution of benthic and pelagic communities during the last 30 years. We performed species removal considering their degree and trophic level and including four different thresholds on the occurrence of secondary extinctions. We examined the impact of extinctions on connectance, modularity and stability of the food web. We found different responses of these properties depending on the extinction criteria used, e.g., large increase in modularity and rapid decrease in stability when most-connected and relatively high-trophic level species were removed. Additionally, we studied the complexity-stability relationship of the food web founding two regimes: 1) high sensitivity to small perturbations suggesting that Potter Cove would be locally unstable, and 2) high persistence to long-range perturbations suggesting global stability of this ecosystem.
Differential Ability of S Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Variants to Downregulate ACE2
Authors: Maeda Yosuke , Toyoda Mako , Kuwata Takeo , Terasawa Hiromi , Tokugawa Umiru , Monde Kazuaki , Sawa Tomohiro , Ueno Takamasa , Matsushita Shuzo
Published: December 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of corona-virus disease 19 (COVID-19) and employs angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the recep-tor. Although the expression of ACE2 is crucial for cellular entry, we found that the interaction of ACE2 with the Spike (S) protein in the same cells led to its downregulation through degradation in the lysosomal compartment via the endocytic pathway. Interestingly, the ability of the S protein from previous variants of concern (VOCs) to downregulate ACE2 was variant-dependent and correlated with disease severity. The S protein from the Omicron variant, associated with milder disease, exhibited a lower capacity to downregulate ACE2 than that of the Delta variant, which is linked to a higher risk of hospitalization. Chimeric studies between the S proteins from the Delta and Omicron variants revealed that both the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and S2 subunit played crucial roles in the reduced ACE2 downregulation activity observed in the Omicron var-iant. In contrast, three mutations (L452R/P681R/D950N) located in the RBD, S1/S2 cleavage site, and HR1 domain were identified as essential for the higher ACE2 downregulation activity ob-served in the Delta variant than that in the other VOCs. Our results suggested that dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system due to the ACE2 downregulation activity of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
Prevention of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: An Up-to-Date Systematic Review of Different Surgical Approaches
Authors: Pagliara Domenico , Grieco Federica , Rampazzo Silvia , Pili Nicola , Serra Pietro Luciano , Cuomo Roberto , Rubino Corrado
Published: December 2023

Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) affects approximately 20% of women after breast cancer therapy. Advances in treatment have increased life expectancy, thus the prevalence of BCRL will continue to rise with the number of cancer survivors. Hence the need to develop strategies to prevent this condition. We provide a systematic review of the literature on primary prevention of BCRL by prophylactic lymphatic surgery (PLS).
Between June and August 2022, we conducted a search of PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane. In the end a total of eighteen papers were selected.
The eleven studies without a control group reported only 15 of 342 patients who developed lymphedema at least six months after PLS (4.59%). The seven studies with a control group included 569 patients, 328 cases and 241 controls. Among the cases, 36 (10%) developed lymphedema. In contrast, the incidence of lymphedema in controls was 40% (98 of 241 patients).
Formulation of definite recommendations in favour of PLS is hindered by low-quality studies. There is no consensus on which technique should be preferred, nor on whether adjuvant radiotherapy might affect the efficacy of PLS. Randomized controlled trials are mandatory to conceive evidence-based recommendations.
Perceptions, Barriers, and Facilitators of Maternal Health Service Utilization in Southern Ethiopia: A Qualitative Exploration of Community Members’ and Health Care Providers’ Views
Authors: Yoseph Amanuel , Teklesilasie Wondwosen , Guillen-Grima Francisco , Astatkie Ayalew
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground: Maternal health service (MHS) use is a key strategy to reduce maternal mortality. However, the existing evidence is scarce to design efficient intervention strategies in Ethiopia. Thus, we aimed to explore community members and health care providers' perceptions of MHS, and barriers, and facilitators of MHS use in southern Ethiopia. Methods: A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted from November 14-30, 2022, in the northern zone of the Sidama region. Sixteen in-depth interviews, nine focus group discussions, and 15 key informant interviews were done with 112 study participants. A maximum variance sampling method was used to select study participants. Data coding and analysis were done using MAXQAD 2020 software and presented in narratives. Results: Communities have positive perceptions and good practices of skilled antenatal care (ANC) and health facility delivery (HFD), but lack awareness of postnatal care (PNC) services and schedules. Some have experienced negative interactions with health care providers, health facilities, and ambulance drivers. The main identified barriers to ANC use were lack of awareness of ANC benefits, distance from a health facility, costs associated with ANC use, long waiting time, lack of access to road, and women being busy with different household chores. Distance from health facility, costs associated with HFD use, unpredicted labour, lack of an ANC visit, lack of a birth preparedness plan, and non-dignified care were the main barriers to HFD. The major identified barriers to PNC use were home delivery, lack of awareness of PNC service and schedule, and socio-cultural beliefs. The main identified facilitators of MHS use were previous experience and fear of obstetric complications, health extension workers and women’s development teams, and pregnant women's forum.Conclusions: Rural women still encounter several challenges when using MHS, even though communities have positive perceptions and good practices of skilled MHS. Bad experiences mothers faced in health facilities, challenges associated with the costs of MHS use, poor awareness of service, and unpredictable labour continued to be basic barriers to MHS use. Intervention approaches should consider inter-sectoral collaboration to address barriers at the community and health facility levels. The programs must emphasize the transportation arrangements during unpredictable labour, the needs of poor mothers, and women who have poor awareness of MHS at the community level.
Artificial Intelligence in MALDI-TOF MS: Microbial Identification, Strain Typing, and Antimicrobial Resistance Detection
Authors: Wang Hsin-Yao , Chung Chia-Ru , Lin Wan-Ying , Kalpana Sriram , Horng Jorng-Tzong , Lee Tzong-Yi , Lu Jang-Jih
Published: December 2023

Globally, the use of whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in clinical microbiology laboratories has increased considerably. With the rapid growth of artificial intelligence technology, there is an increasing number of areas devoted to solving problems by implementing machine learning-based methods. Applying the use of artificial intelligence to the analysis of the massive amount of information obtained in the mass spectrum derived from MALDI-TOF MS should be a breakthrough in clinical microbiology. Specifically, it would facilitate a more rapid and accurate strain typing or antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) based on whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS spectra, and hence, it is a promising solution. Even though the reproducibility of peaks could result in some critical problems, computational methods have been developed to address this issue. Therefore, clinical microbiologists are able to perform strain typing or an AST as smoothly and easily as identifying species by using MALDI-TOF MS and artificial intelligence.
Extracellular Matrix Tunes the Regenerative Potential of Fetal Stem Cells
Authors: Pei Yixuan Amy , Patel Jhanvee , Pei Ming
Published: December 2023

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for tissue regeneration. However, ex vivo expansion results in cell senescence; cells lose their proliferation and differentiation capacity. Fetal MSCs can be an alternative due to their robust proliferation and differentiation capacities as well as immune privilege properties. Given the rejuvenation effect of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) on adult MSCs, it remains unknown whether dECM influences the regenerative potential of fetal stem cells. In this study, passage five fetal nucleus pulposus cells (fNPCs) and fetal synovium-derived stem cells (fSDSCs) were expanded on dECMs deposited by fNPCs (NECM) and fSDSCs (SECM) for one passage with expansion on tissue culture plastic (Plastic) as a control. We found that dECM expanded fNPCs and fSDSCs exhibited both similarities and differences in expression of stemness genes and surface markers. Expanded fNPCs yielded more differentiated pellets after chondrogenic induction but no adipogenic differentiation following adipogenic induction in both Plastic and dECM groups than the corresponding fSDSC group. Despite a significant increase in fNPCs, dECM expanded fSDSCs exhibited no increase in chondrogenic potential; however, compared to the Plastic group, dECM expanded fSDSCs exhibited a small increase in osteogenic potential and a great increase in adipogenic potential. These results suggest that fNPCs are more sensitive to NECM rejuvenation for cartilage tissue engineering and regeneration; in contrast, dECMs exhibited limited effects on fSDSC rejuvenation in chondrogenic capacity except for enhanced adipogenic capacity following expansion on SECM.
Charge Storage and Magnetic Properties Nitrogen-containing Nanoporous Biocarbon
Authors: Szymczykiewicz Ewelina , Bordun Ihor , Maksymych Vitalii , Klapchuk Myroslava , Kohut Zenoviy , Borysiuk Anatoliy , Kulyk Yuriy , Ivashchyshyn Fedir
Published: December 2023

The article presents a technology for producing nitrogen-containing nanoporous biocarbon with high degree of elemental composition homogeneity, confirmed by electron spectroscopy. The research explores the relationship among the electronic characteristics of supramolecular nanoporous carbon, its porous structure, and the capacitance at its interface with the electrolyte. The obtained biocarbon is characterized by micro and mesopores, as evidenced by the results of studies by the method of nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The specific area of the available porous surface was found to be 1247 m2/g. Comparing this result with the data of small-angle X-ray scattering, we conclude that micropores are open while mesopores remain closed. This material was found to have a saturation magnetization σs of 1.4 A∙m2∙kg-1 and a coercive force Hc of 10 kA/m. The impedance studies of electrochemical cells of supercapacitors made of the experimental biocarbon were carried out. Equivalent electrical circuits of the studied electrochemical processes were constructed and characterized.
From Cognitive Evolution to Cultural Evolution to Explain the Sustainable Development of Science: A Problem and Its Plausible Solution
Authors: Yucheng Wang
Published: December 2023

From the perspective of human cognitive evolution to analyze the origin and sustained development of science, there is a puzzle, because the driving force behind cognitive evolution is natural selection, which favors biological traits improving individual adaptation rather than seeking the truth. Some scholars argue that cultural evolution provides an explanation for the development (or progress) of science, wherein scientific beliefs can be transmitted intergenerationally within the scientific community, thus continually converging toward truth. However, this explanation has ecological validity problem. Research on cultural learning strategies suggests that when choosing beliefs for imitation learning, people tend to consider contextual and content factors rather than the truth value of beliefs. On the other hand, due to the absence of universally accepted criterion for theory selection recognized by all scientists, the best theory choice always fails. I will develop a minimum model for the best theory choice to defend the scientific progress's cultural evolution approach. The criterion for the best theory choice is the mark of a scientific school's establishment and the demarcation line with each other. As a scientific school's member, a scientist could select the best theory as his/her learning model according to the school's criterion. Hence, it is plausible for the approach to explain scientific progress. Finally, my model will show a scientific school is a driver to improve the local scientific progress, and the competition between schools promotes global scientific progress. The school's size and the scientific reasoning diversity decide a result of the competition.
An Interaction among Neurotrophic Factor BDNF and Stress-Related Glucocorticoids in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Numakawa Tadahiro , Kajihara Ryutaro
Published: December 2023

Both brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glucocorticoids (GCs) have multiple roles in the various aspects of neurons, including cell survival and synaptic function. BDNF and its receptor TrkB express in the central nervous system (CNS) neurons extensively, and contribution of BDNF/TrkB system in neuronal function is evident, thus, its downregulation has been considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). GCs, a stress-related molecule, and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) are also considered to be associated with AD, in addition to mental disorders such as depression. Importantly, a growing body of evidence suggest a close relationship between BDNF/TrkB-mediated signaling and GCs/GR system in the CNS. Here, we introduce current studies on the interaction among neurotrophic system and stress in CNS neurons, and discuss their involvement in the pathophysiology of AD.
Antiangiogenic Therapy Efficacy Can Be Tumor Size Dependent,as Mathematical Modeling Suggests
Authors: Kolobov Andrey , Kuznetsov Maxim
Published: December 2023

Antiangiogenic therapy (AAT) is an indirect oncological modality which is aimed at disruption of cancer cells nutrient supply. Invasive tumors have been shown to possess inherent resistant to this treatment, while compactly growing benign tumors react to it by shrinkage. It is generally accepted that AAT by itself is not curative. This study presents a mathematical model of non-invasive tumor growth with physiologically justified account of alteration of microvasculature and biomechanical aspects during tumor growth and AAT. In untreated setting the model reproduces tumor growth with saturation, where the maximum tumor volume depends on the level of angiogenesis. The outcomes of simulations of AAT depend on the tumor size at the moment of treatment initiation. If it is close to the stable size of avascular tumor grown in absence of angiogenesis, then the tumor is rapidly stabilized by AAT. Treatment of large tumors is accompanied by displacement of normal tissue due to the tumor shrinkage. During it, microvasculature undergoes distortion which degree depends on the displacement distance. As it affects tumor nutrient supply, the stable size of a tumor that undergoes AAT negatively correlates with its size at the beginning of treatment. For sufficiently large initial tumors, the long-term survival of tumor cells is compromised by competition with normal cells for severely limited inflow of nutrients, which makes AAT effectively curative.
Application of machine learning in the quantitative analysis of surface characteristics of highly abundant cytoplasmic proteins: Toward AI-based biomimetics
Authors: Moon Jooa , Hu Guanghao , Hayashi Tomohiro
Published: December 2023

Proteins in the crowded environment of human cells have often been studied regarding nonspecific interactions, misfolding, and aggregation, which may cause cellular malfunction and disease. Specifically, proteins with high abundance are more susceptible to these issues due to the law of mass action. Therefore, the surfaces of highly abundant cytoplasmic (HAC) proteins directly exposed to the environment can exhibit specific physicochemical, structural, and geometrical characteristics that reduce nonspecific interactions and adapt to the environment. However, the quantitative relationships between the overall surface descriptors still need clarification. Here, we used machine learning to identify HAC proteins using hydrophobicity, charge, roughness, secondary structures, and B-factor from the protein surfaces and quantify the contribution of each descriptor. First, several supervised learning algorithms were compared to solve binary classification problems for the surfaces of HAC and extracellular proteins. Then, logistic regression was adopted for the feature importance analysis of descriptors considering model performance (80.2% accuracy and 87.6% AUC) and interpretability. The HAC proteins showed positive correlations with negatively and positively charged areas but negative correlations with hydrophobicity, B-factor, beta structure proportion, roughness, and disordered regions proportion. Finally, the details of each descriptor could be explained concerning adaptative surface strategies of HAC proteins to regulate nonspecific interactions, protein folding, flexibility, stability, and adsorption. This study presented a novel approach using various surface descriptors to identify HAC proteins and provided quantitative design rules for the surfaces well-suited to human cellular crowded environments.
Pro-Fibrotic Effects of CCL18 on Human Lung Fibroblasts Are Mediated via CCR6
Authors: Höhne Kerstin , Wagenknecht Annett , Maier Corinna , Engelhard Peggy , Goldmann Torsten , Schließmann Stephan J , Plönes Till , Trepel Martin , Eibel Hermann , Mueller-Quernheim Joachim , Zissel Gernot
Published: December 2023

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease of unknown origin, with a median survival time of ~3 years after diagnosis without anti-fibrotic therapy. It is characterized by progressive fibrosis indicated by increased collagen deposition and high numbers of fibroblasts in the lung. It was demonstrated that CCL18 induces collagen and αSMA synthesis in fibroblasts. We aimed to identify the CCL18 receptor responsible for its pro-fibrotic activities. Methods: We used a random phage display library to screen for potential CCL18-binding peptides, demonstrated its expression in human lungs and fibroblast lines by PCR and immunostaining and verified its function in cell lines. Results: We identified CCR6 (CD196) as a CCL18 receptor and found its expression in fibrotic lung tissue and on lung fibroblast lines derived from fibrotic lungs but it is almost absent in control lines and tissue. CCL18 induces receptor-internalization in a CCR6-overexpressing cell line. CCR6 blockade in primary human lung fibroblasts reduces CCL18-induced FGF2 release as well as collagen-1 and αSMA expression. Knock-down of CCR6 in a mouse fibroblast cell line abolishes the induction of collagen and -smooth muscle actin expression. Conclusion: Our data indicate that CCL18 triggers pro-fibrotic processes via CCR6, highlighting its role in fibrogenesis.
A Closer Look at the Perivascular Unit in the Development of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hayden Melvin Ray
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
The recently described perivascular unit (PVU) resides immediately adjacent to the true capillary neurovascular unit (NVU) in the postcapillary venule and contains the normal-benign perivascular spaces (PVS) and pathological enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS). The PVS are important, in that, they also have recently been identified to be the construct and the conduit responsible for the delivery of metabolic waste from the interstitial fluid to the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid for disposal into the systemic circulation and has been termed the glymphatic system. Importantly, the outermost boundary of the PVS is lined by protoplasmic perivascular astrocyte endfeet (pvACef) that communicate with regional neurons. As compared to the well-recognized and described neurovascular unit (NVU) and NVU coupling, the PVU is less well understood and remains an emerging concept. The primary focus of this narrative review is to compare the similarities and differences between these two units and discuss each of their structural and functional relationships and how they relate not only to brain homeostasis but also how they may relate to the development of multiple clinical neurological disease states and specifically how they may relate to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, the concept and importance of a perisynaptic astrocyte coupling to the neuronal synapses with pre- and postsynaptic neurons will also be considered as a perisynaptic unit to provide for the creation of the information transfer in the brain via synaptic transmission and brain homeostasis. Multiple electron microscopic images and illustrations will be utilized in order to help explain these complex units.
Exploring cross-country heterogeneity in the relation between female labor force participation and fertility in Latin America
Authors: Carvalho Angelita Alves de , Paula Daniela Polessa de
Published: December 2023

In Latin America, despite an apparent convergence on the relation between female labor force participation (FLFP) and total fertility rates (TFR), there are differences between and within countries that must be considered. This paper aimed to understand the heterogeneity in the relation between the FLFP rate and the TFR in Latin American from 1990 to 2018 in order to identify cross-country patterns. Using World Bank data for the 20 countries in Latin America, clustering longitudinal data was performed, and mixed-effect models were fitted to quantify the heterogeneity. Three patterns of relationship were observed in Latin American countries: low TFR and intermediate FLFP, high TFR and high FLFP, and high TFR and low FLFP. The heterogeneity identified suggests the diversity of socio-economic and cultural factors influences the dynamics of the relation between FLFP and TFR in Latin America.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Berita Hoax di Media Sosial Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 Tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik
Authors: Herlambang Kenes Annesia
Published: December 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku kejahatan penyebaran berita hoax di media sosial dan perlindungan hukum terhadap korban penyebaran berita hoax di media sosial. Jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif yang menggunakan sumber data sekunder. Berita hoax di media sosial sangat merugikan masyarakat khususnya bagi mereka yang buta hukum, mereka tidak akan mendapatkan perlindungan hukum yang semestinya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa dasar pengaturan penyebaran berita hoax yang telah diatur dalam Pasal 390 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, Pasal 14 dan 15 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1946 tentang Peraturan Hukum Pidana, Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Perlindungan hukum terhadap korban penyebaran berita hoax yaitu pre-emptif dengan sosialisasi dan edukasi kepada masyarakat terkait berita hoax yang dilakukan di media sosisal, preventif dengan diterbitkan nya Surat Edaran Kapolri Nomor: SE/2/11/2021 tentang Kesadaran Budaya Beretika untuk Mewujudkan Ruang Digital Indonesia yang Bersih, Sehat, dan Produktif, Surat Keputusan Bersama Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika RI, Jaksa Agung RI, dan Kepala Kepolisian Negara RI Nomor 229 Tahun 2021, Nomor 154 Tahun 2021 dan Nomor KB/2/VI/2021 tentang Pedoman Implementasi atas Pasal tertentu dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, dan represif ada dua perlindungan yaitu perlindungan korban secara pidana dan perlindungan korban secara perdata.
Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Cipta Kerja dalam Aspek Demokrasi Masyarakat Indonesia
Authors: Wicaksono Arif , Firdaus Sunny Ummul
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yakni guna membahas pembuatan aturan Undang undang cipta kerja dalam aspek masyarakat Indonesia yang di lihat tidak sesuai dengan pedoman masyarakat Indonesia dengan kurangnya ke ikut sertaan masyarakat di dalam terciptanya perpu tersebuut. Rumusan masalah di ambil dalam kepenulisan kali ini; pertama, Apakah pembuatan Undang Undang Cipta Kerja sudah sesuai dengan asas demokrasi dalaam persfektif HAM di Negara hukum; Kedua, Bagaimana pembentukan Undang undang Cipta Kerja berdasarkan asas perpu. Metode penelitiian ini bersifat Normatif yang di gabungkan dengan penelitian bersifat kualitatif, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perumusan undang-undang tentang penciptaan lapangan kerja secara prosedural terjerat dalam proses pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan, dan banyak menemui keberatan dari para pemangku kepentingan di akar rumput seperti pekerja dan kelompok lainnya. Selain itu, pada saat pelatihan Perpu tentang hukum hak cipta tenaga kerja, dalam penyusunannya tidak menggunakan prinsip-prinsip pelatihan Perpu, tetapi dalam setiap pelatihan harus ada ketentuan hukumnya, ketentuan tersebut harus ada agar nantinya penerapan praktis dari undang-undang yang berlaku dibentuk tanpa pertentangan dan keberatan dari para pihak.
DETERMINATION OF POWER LOSSES DUE TO PERIODIC COMPRESSION-EXPANSION OF THE OIL-AIR MIXTURE BETWEEN THE TEETH OF GEARS. PART 1. MATHEMATICAL MODEL
Authors: Bashta Oleksandr , Nosko Pavlo , Boiko Grygorii , Melnyk Volodymyr , Bashta Alla
Published: December 2023

The simultaneous contact of two pairs of teeth between their active profiles creates a closed volume of the oil-air mixture. Reducing this volume leads to the occurrence of such a negative phenomenon as periodic compression and expansion of the oil-air mixture in volume. At high gear rotation speeds, a significant increase in the pressure of the oil-air mixture is observed and, as a result, additional vibration of the gearing occurs. The oil-air mixture outflow rate can reach the speed of sound, which causes additional noise during gear operation, and at high rotational speeds, a hydraulic shock occurs in the space closed between the pinion and gear teeth, resulting in cavitation. By representing the helical gear as a set of spur gears displaced relative to each other in the tangential direction, it simplified the mathematical model to describe thermodynamic processes in a series of isolated cavities. The following variants are considered: a) the first cavity in the direction of engagement is connected to the environment on one side and to the next second cavity on the other side; b) some i-th cavity is connected to the cavities i - 1 and i + 1, respectively; c) the edge cavity N is connected to the previous cavity N - 1 and the environment. Thus, a mathematical model of the periodic compression-expansion of the oil-air mixture in the space closed between the teeth is presented, which considers the cross-sectional areas of the axial and radial flows of the oil-air mixture, the ambient pressure of the space closed between the teeth, the velocity of the radial flow of the oil-air mixture, the instantaneous volume of the elementary cavity closed between the teeth, and the current pressure in the cavity.
Keywords: power losses, oil-air mixture, periodic compression-expansion, toothed gears, mathematical model, hydrodynamic model
NEW METAHEURISTIC ALGORITHM «SEARCH BY MOBILITY»
Authors: Bondarenko Oleksiy
Published: December 2023

The relevance of modern metaheuristic algorithms has been proven, a number of terms and relationships between them are illuminated, and a need for classification has been clarified. An approach to the classification of metaheuristic algorithms has proposed, based on the terms and division of categories taken from the natural sciences. This makes it possible to combine a certain segment of knowledge into a cluster with a single terminology. Considering the category of «metaphor» and its functions in the formation of metaheuristic algorithms, it made it possible to gain a deeper understanding of possibilities for using metaphors in scientific activity. A new metaheuristic algorithm «Search by mobility» has proposed, which has based on actions and processes similar to the processes of general social and everyday mobility of people, and its main provisions had formed. «Search by mobility» creates a high level of self-organizing parameter search system that corresponds to the general provisions of synergy in technical systems. The metaphor of the «Search by mobility» algorithm has described. Basic definitions and categories are considered. This enables a high-quality presentation, description and delivery of ideas, principles of operation and sequences of algorithms. Because of using a metaphor, we get an increase in understanding and intensification of conveying an idea. The new metaheuristic algorithm «Search by mobility» has described, which is based on processes that copy the social mobility of human communities. Also, the algorithm «Search by mobility» combines elements of a modified evolutionary algorithm, which allows to get as close as possible to the life and social process of most of humanity, that is the desire to take a better or no worse than the current life position. The proposed new metaheuristic algorithm «Search by mobility» showed higher efficiency than standard and modified evolutionary algorithms at the stage of conducting test trials. The extension of those evolutionary algorithms by local searches taken together with the proposed strategy, which is a reflection of the metaphor, showed the prevailing results.
Keywords: metaheuristic algorithm, metaphor, optimization, «Search by mobility»
PROBLEMS OF IMPROVING OF DYNAMIC MODELS OF CYLINDRICAL ROLLER BEARINGS
Authors: Gaydamaka Anatoly , Lukashov Andrey
Published: December 2023

Designing of construction of a bearing cage base on empirical data does not provide an opportunity to assess the impact of many structural and operational factors. Therefore, there is a need to develop analytical models of the functioning of roller bearings in order to determine the magnitude of the loads imposed on the separator by bearing parts. For this purpose, it is necessary to improve the models of the statics, kinematics and dynamics of bearing heads. This article examines high-capacity bearings with straight rollers of the normal accuracy grade, which, unlike bearings with taper rollers, allow higher operating speeds. The lack of a scientifically based model of the kinematics of straight roller bearings of the normal accuracy grade does not allow building an adequate model of their dynamics and therefore assessing the performance of their parts, which affects the reliability of machine support units. The analysis of the technical literature enables revealing that the vast majority of the articles on dynamics models are devoted to the speed group, which is used in the aviation and space industries. The dynamics of low-speed straight roller bearings under heavy operating conditions are the most extensively studied for the supporting units of the rolling stock of railway transport. We have determined the basic tasks for improving the dynamics models of low-speed straight roller bearings of normal accuracy grade, which are aimed at optimizing the kinematics models and studying the dynamics of the bearings in the areas loaded and unloaded by external forces, taking into account misalignment of the rings and deformation of the cage. The task of improving the dynamics models will include the development of 3D models of the interaction of the cage with the rollers in the radial load area, as well as the cage with the base ring, taking into account misalignment of the parts. New models of the bearing dynamics enable determining the forces of interaction of the parts under any operating mode to assess their performance and design optimal constructions of the cage.
Key words: roller bearing, dynamics models, radial load area, cage, rollers
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMBAT CAPABILITIES OF MODERN TANKS OF VARIOUS TYPES
Authors: Ivanets Grigoriy , Horielyshev Stanislav , Baulin Dmitro , Ivanets Mihail , Volkov Pavel
Published: December 2023

Modern war is a test of the material and spiritual forces of the people, the state and its Armed Forces, which prompts each country to maintain its defense capability at a level that guarantees reliable protection of society. Analysis of the nature of armed conflict in recent decades shows a sharp increase in the impact of modern weapons and military equipment on the course and outcome of military operations. Currently, weapons and military equipment form the basis of the combat power of the armed forces of any state and are the determining factor in achieving success in war or armed conflict. Despite the rapid development of anti-tank weapons and the decrease in survivability on the battlefield, main battle tanks remain one of the decisive means of modern combined arms combat, which is characterized by dynamism, saturation and speed. They provide the combat stability of their own forces in defense and advance during the offensive, destroy enemy armored vehicles, fire points and living forces. A comparative analysis of the main characteristics of modern combat tanks, the advantages and disadvantages of various types of vehicles of foreign and domestic production, used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine for the defense of the state and countering the aggression of Russia against Ukraine, in order to improve the effectiveness of their use in different conditions of combat. Western models of modern tanks and the Ukrainian tank "Oplot" in some significant combat characteristics prevail over the modern Russian tank T-90, in particular: in the power of the engine and its reliability of operation (engine overheating and failure); in the effectiveness of optoelectronic counteraction to optical enemy means; in the effectiveness of dynamic protection and countering modern weapons; in the perfection of the fire control system; in the sufficiency of the armor of the machine; in the effectiveness of actions in urban conditions.
Keywords: war, battle tank, tactical and technical characteristics, effectiveness, comparative analysis
Releasers with electro-hydraulic retarders as an effective alternative for short circuit and overcurrent protection
Authors: Kalinchyk Vasyl , Pobigaylo Vitaliy , Borychenko Olena , Kuzovkin Sergii
Published: December 2023

It is known that circuit breakers (CBs) installed in distribution cabinets (DCs), better known as “enclosed circuit breakers”, depending on the execution, are designed for: protection against emergency states of grids: overvoltage and short circuit (s/c) or voltage drop below the permissible level (circuit breakers installed on the grid do not always provide protection against voltage reduction); protection of AC motors, as well as for combined installation with other electric devices (CBs can service by grid sections as well as separate motors if CBs are used to operate the wound-rotor motor or starting devices, they must include voltage drop protection); to be used as disconnectors for supply and trunk networks. Overcurrent protection is done by a bimetallic plate, while an electromagnetic releaser provides s/c protection. The main features inherent in this technical solution of overcurrent protection include: relative dependence on ambient temperature; inability to quickly switch on again after the CB is triggered; unstable time-current characteristics of the CB. National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” and «E.NEXT Ukraine» offers an alternative solution for the design of CB protection elements, which is an integrated overcurrent and short circuit protection at the same time in the form of a releaser with an electro – hydraulic retarder. A releaser with an electro-hydraulic retarder triggers the СB actuator, which breaks the contact group of the CB when the current exceeding the set maximum permissible value (s/c or overcurrent) is passing through electrical equipment. The main part of this releaser is an electromagnet, whose coil is connected in series with working contacts in the circuit of the operating current.
Numerical-field analysis of the magnetic conductivity of the slot dispersion of the stator winding of induction motors
Authors: Milykh Volodymyr
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The magnetic fields and the corresponding magnetic conductivities of the slot dispersion of the stator winding of three-phase induction motors (IM) are studied. Such studies are relevant in their design and are one of the bases for calculating a number of energy parameters and characteristics of motors. In the classical design of an IM, which is still valid, the specified magnetic conductivities are determined analytically according to the simplified slot dispersion model, therefore they may not always provide sufficient accuracy due to a number of assumptions and conventions. Goal. Further development of the IM design system by means of a numerical-field calculation analysis of the magnetic conductivity of the slot dispersion of their stator winding, as well as a comparative check of the relevant analytical formulas from various methods of classical design. Results. The slot dispersion of IM is determined by numerical calculations using the FEMM program within the stator tooth steps. For the research, four variants of the shapes of the stator slots, which are common in modern IMs of small and medium power, are accepted. In the calculations, calculation models with strongly saturated and unsaturated in the magnetic relation with the stator core teeth are considered. The numerical-field method shows that the classical design method can give both sufficiently accurate results and unacceptable errors in determining the magnetic conductivities of slot dispersion of IM. Discussion and prospects for further development. The provided numerical-field analysis method and the obtained results of the calculation of slot dispersion of IM windings are recommended as a basis for improving the system of their design.
Mathematical simulation of brushless double stator axial flux magnetoelectric generator for small power electric complexes
Authors: Chumak Vadim , Kovalenko Mykhaylo , Kovalenko Iryna , Tkachuk Ihor , Tymoshchuk Oksana
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the design of a magneto-electric generator with an axial magnetic flux (MEGAP) and a double stator, which is used for an autonomous wind-electric complex. Contactless MEGAPs have the advantages of permanent magnet generators: high reliability, efficiency; and generators with electromagnetic excitation: the possibility of adjusting the output parameters (voltage, power) using an additional excitation winding. In order to meet the requirements of a stand-alone multiplier-less wind power plant, a MEGAP structure consisting of a double stator and a single rotor has been investigated. The use of a double stator design allows more efficient use of the active volume of the generator, increasing its power and stabilizing the output voltage of the stator winding. A three-dimensional numerical field mathematical model of MEGAP was developed. The model fully takes into account the design features of the generator under study, namely the presence of an axial flow from the stator winding and the flow generated by the additional winding. With the help of the model, the external characteristics were calculated, which indicates the correspondence of the developed mathematical model to physical processes. The analysis of magnetic induction in the air gap and in other structural elements of the generator under study was carried out. The analysis of the obtained values showed that the geometric dimensions of the generator, which were previously selected, are correct and do not require significant adjustments. In the future, it allows you to use the results of this calculation for the preparation of documentation for the production of the prototype. Static characteristics of MEGAP and values of magnetic parameters in all structural elements were studied. An additional winding is used to stabilize the output voltage when the speed of rotation of the generator changes and at different loads. At a relative power of the additional winding of ≈7%, the output voltage of the generator increases by ≈24%. A more significant result can be achieved by adjusting the current of the additional winding with special controllers