bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Renal hydatid cyst mimicked cystic renal cell carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Wei Xiyi , Tian Jinyong , Diao Jianyu , Aibibula Gulinuer , Dawuti Maimaitijiang , Tuerxun Yiliyasi , Wubuli Mhtaer , Zhang Yujie , Song Ninghong , Yang Jie
Published: June 2022

Hydatid cyst (HC) is a zoonotic parasitic disease in agricultural and pastoral areas while renal involvement without liver and lung hydatid is both less common in clinical practice and rarely described in literature. We present a case of a 40‐year‐old male from Xinjiang who complained of flank pain in the right with oliguria. Robot‐assisted laparoscopic exploration, conversion to open laparotomy and excision of internal capsule in right kidney were performed. Finally, a typical renal HC was diagnosed after complementary examinations. Isolated renal HC is very rare and can be misinterpreted as a cystic renal cell carcinoma pre‐operatively.
An exceptional prostate cancer case: Importance of cancer screening
Authors: Basaran Elif , Kucukoztas Nadire , Aktepe Halit Oktay , Atak Tel Burcin , Aktas Gulali
Published: June 2022

Prostate cancer is a common type of malignancy in male population. It may present with various clinical findings including urinary retention. Here, we present a prostate cancer case in an elderly man who investigated for the origin of long‐term fever and weight loss. A 69‐year‐old man presented to our institution for a fever lasting more than a month. He had no other signs of infection. He lost about 15 kg within 3 months. Total prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) measurement in serum and prostate biopsy revealed advanced prostate cancer. His complaints diminished with prostate cancer treatment. In conclusion, we suggest that prostate cancer should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of fever and weight loss in men over 50 years of age whether he is symptomatic or not.
Potential anti‐Parkinsonian's effect of S‐(+)‐linalool from Cinnamomum osmophloeum ct. linalool leaves are associated with mitochondrial regulation via gas‐1, nuo‐1, and mev‐1 in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chang Chun‐Han , Chang Shang‐Tzen , Liao Vivian Hsiu‐Chuan
Published: June 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, and developing new treatments from natural products is of particular interest. Essential oils from Cinnamomum osmophloeum ct. linalool leaves contain high levels (~95%) of S‐(+)‐linalool. The neuroprotective effects of linalool have been previously described, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti‐Parkinsonian's effect of S‐(+)‐linalool on mitochondrial regulation and decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms in Caenorhabditis elegans PD model. Essential oils at 20 mg/L and 20 mg/L S‐(+)‐linalool each significantly attenuated the damaging effects of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) on dopaminergic (DA) neurons and decreased the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) to antimycin. RNAi knockdown of mitochondrial complex I (gas‐1, nuo‐1), and complex II (mev‐1) genes prevented the improvement of mitochondrial activity by S‐(+)‐linalool. The protective effects of S‐(+)‐linalool on 6‐OHDA‐induced behavior changes were absent in a DA‐specific strain of C. elegans produced by gas‐1, nuo‐1, and mev‐1 RNAi knockdown. These results suggest the potential anti‐Parkinsonian's effect of S‐(+)‐linalool is associated with mitochondrial activity and regulated by gas‐1, nuo‐1, and mev‐1 in C. elegans. Our findings suggest that S‐(+)‐linalool might be a promising candidate for therapeutic application to inhibit the progression of PD.
Migration of mineral oil hydrocarbons from contaminated paperboard into the food simulants Tenax and Sorb‐Star—A comparison
Authors: Fengler Romy , Gruber Ludwig
Published: June 2022

A previous work dealt with surrogates and food simulants to evaluate mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) migration processes from paper‐based food packaging. In this article, we compare this study with migration studies of real papers, contaminated with MOH. The focus was the applicability of food simulants in contact with MOH and the verification of surrogates. Tenax and Sorb‐Star were chosen as food simulants, which were brought into contact with recycling paperboards. Kinetic studies were performed at 20°C, 40°C, and 60°C for up to 12 days. There were significantly lower migration rates for the more polar MOAH than for MOSH. There is nearly no migration of mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) above C25. In general, Tenax in ‘touching contact’ showed the highest values, while Tenax tested with conditions that induce gas phase transport and Sorb‐Star resulted in lower but similar migration rates. Sorb‐Star in touching contact to the paperboard showed higher migration rates for non‐volatile compounds compared to Tenax in gas phase transfer, depending on the test temperature used. Nevertheless, under comparable conditions, MOH migrate to a similar percentual extent for each type of paperboard used. It was shown that the migration behaviour of MOH can be depicted by the use of respective surrogates, which will help to ease the analytical tasks. Migration tests with these surrogates using Tenax and Sorb‐Star as food simulants at 20°C and 40°C can cover a wide range of real‐life migration processes from paper‐based food packaging into foods, provided that appropriate conditions are chosen.
Observer‐based distributed fault‐tolerant containment control for stochastic nonlinear multi‐agent systems with asymmetric hysteretic quantization
Authors: Wu Ying , Pan Yingnan , Liang Hongjing
Published: June 2022

This article investigates the distributed containment control problem for high‐order stochastic nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear multi‐agent systems. To overcome the difficulty of unknown control input gain caused by the asymmetric hysteretic quantization and actuator fault, the properties of Nussbaum function are employed and an auxiliary virtual controller is designed, which does not need to estimate the bounds of the parameters of asymmetric hysteretic quantizer and efficiency factors. Moreover, the unknown terms are estimated by introducing the radial basis function neural networks. Based on the input‐driven filter, an adaptive containment control scheme is designed by using the Nussbaum function technique, the backstepping approach, and the dynamic surface control method. It is shown that the proposed control method can guarantee that all the signals are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the containment control performance can be achieved. Finally, some simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Sweetening Lithium Metal Interface by High Surface and Adhesive Energy Coating of Crystalline α‐d‐Glucose Film to Inhibit Dendrite Growth
Authors: Abbas Syed Ali , Chen Hsin‐An , Mohapatra Anisha , Singh Anupriya , Li Shenghan , Pao Chun‐Wei , Chu Chih Wei
Published: June 2022

The notorious growth of lithium (Li) dendrites and the instability of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) during cycling make Li metal anodes unsuitable for use in commercial Li‐ion batteries. Herein, the use of simple sugar coating (α‐d‐glucose) is demonstrated on top of Li metal to halt the growth of Li dendrites and stabilize the SEI. The α‐d‐glucose layer possesses high surface and adhesive energies toward Li, which promote the homogenous stripping and plating of Li ions on top of the Li metal. Density functional theory reveals that Li‐ion diffusion within the α‐d‐glucose layer is governed by hopping around the bare sides of the O atoms and along the apparent passages formed by the glucose molecules. Stable cycling performance is achieved when combining α‐d‐glucose–coated Li (G|Li) anodes with sulfur‐ and LiFePO4‐based cathodes in both LiTFSI (ether) and LiPF6 (carbonate) electrolyte systems. A G|Li–based symmetrical cell operates at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 and areal capacity of 1 mAh cm−2 displays a stable overpotential profile for over 9 months (7000 h) of continuous charge/discharge cycling.
A Mechanically Flexible Necklace‐Like Architecture for Achieving Fast Charging and High Capacity in Advanced Lithium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Liang Tian , Mao Zhifei , Li Lingyao , Wang Rui , He Beibei , Gong Yansheng , Jin Jun , Yan Chunjie , Wang Huanwen
Published: June 2022

Integration of fast charging, high capacity, and mechanical flexibility into one electrode is highly desired for portable energy‐storage devices. However, a high charging rate is always accompanied by capacity decay and cycling instability. Here, a necklace‐structured composite membrane consisting of micron‐sized FeSe2 cubes uniformly threaded by carbon nanofibers (CNF) is reported. This unique electrode configuration can not only accommodate the volumetric expansion of FeSe2 during the lithiation/delithiation processes for structural robustness but also guarantee ultrafast kinetics for Li+ entry. At a high mass loading of 6.2 mg cm−2, the necklace‐like FeSe2@CNF electrode exhibits exceptional rate capability (80.7% capacity retention from 0.1 to 10 A g−1) and long‐term cycling stability (no capacity decay after 1100 charge–discharge cycles at 2 A g−1). The flexible lithium‐ion capacitor (LIC) fabricated by coupling a pre‐lithiated FeSe2@CNF anode with a porous carbon cathode delivers impressive volumetric energy//power densities (98.4 Wh L−1 at 157.1 W L−1, and 58.9 Wh L−1 at 15714.3 W L−1). The top performance, long‐term cycling stability, low self‐discharge rate, and high mechanical flexibility make it among the best LICs ever reported.
Deploying IoT services on the fog infrastructure: A graph partitioning‐based approach
Authors: Ghobaei‐Arani Mostafa , Asadianfam Shiva , Abolfathi Ahad
Published: June 2022

Internet of Things (IoT) represents a new generation of information and communication technology for anyone, anytime and anywhere. Cloud service‐based IoT applications significantly increase latency and network utilization. The fog environment is closer to the user to perform computing, communication, and storage tasks on network edge devices. Therefore, it can greatly reduce the latency of real‐time applications. It is an essential feature of fog computing and its most important advantage compared to cloud computing. This study proposed a new approach to service placement generated by running applications on IoT devices in the fog computing. IoT devices send applications to the fog environment that each application contains a set of services. The purpose of solving the IoT services placement problem is to efficiently deploy these services on fog cells. For this purpose, it is assumed that the received services from the IoT applications are received as a directed acyclic graph that depicts the communication between the cells within the graph that shows the communication between the services. Then, the imperialist competitive algorithm is used to place and select the destination for IoT services. The simulation results of the iFogSim simulator in different experiments showed that the imperialist competitive algorithm with the proposed graph partitioning approach has improved service placement on the fog infrastructure compared to the genetic algorithm and best‐fit algorithm.
Artificial intelligence empowerment: The impact of research and development investment on green radical innovation in high‐tech enterprises
Authors: Su Huishuang , Qu Xintong , Tian Shuo , Ma Qiang , Li Ling , Chen Yong
Published: June 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important driving force leading the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation worldwide. AI empowers green radical innovation (GRI), a vital strategic orientation for high‐tech enterprises. To explore the relationship between research and development (R&D) investment and GRI and identify the contingency factors that affect the relationship, this paper proposes a framework and conducts a survey to test it. The findings indicate that R&D investment and GRI have an inverted U‐shaped relationship, that organizational learning meditates the relationship and that management process innovation and organization structure innovation moderate the relationship positively and negatively, respectively. The findings clarify the intermediate mechanism of the transformation from R&D investment to GRI. They will help high‐tech enterprises improve their innovation ability and achieve technological leapfrogging and sustainable development in the context of AI and the green economy.
The influence of AI word‐of‐mouth system on consumers' purchase behaviour: The mediating effect of risk perception
Authors: Zhang Wei , Sun Linhui , Wang Xinping , Wu Anbo
Published: June 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is playing an increasingly important role in achieving precision marketing. AI word‐of‐mouth system marketing focuses most on the entry point of consumers—the key information that leads consumers to buy. Based on consumer behaviour theory and information communication theory, this study constructs a research model of the influence of positive and negative online word of mouth on consumer purchase behaviour from the AI word‐of‐mouth system's four dimensions: professional degree, information quality, information quantity and information intensity. The results show that in the analysis of perceived risk, whether for positive or negative online word of mouth, consumers pay more attention to the number of information features than information quality and information intensity. In the purchase behaviour analysis, consumers are most concerned about information quality and information intensity. Perceived risk plays a mediating role in the influence of AI word of mouth on purchasing behaviour.
Seismic loss optimum design of steel structures using learning‐based charged system search
Authors: Motamedi Pouya , Banazadeh Mehdi , Talatahari Siamak
Published: June 2022

One of the structural engineers' challenges on a regular basis is balancing the expense of initial construction with the cost of future structural loss. At first appearance, employing the optimization method seems to be a viable option. However, since both the structure's analysis and design, as well as the computation of the cost of future loss, are time‐consuming and expensive, combining these processes with the costly optimization progression is prohibitively expensive. The purpose of this study is to present a methodology for the risk‐based optimum design of steel frame structures, as well as to enhance a previously published metaheuristic algorithm for a better optimization approach. The methodology given here allows structural designers to account for seismic risks in the design optimization process without incurring expensive computing expenditures. This approach may be appealing for practical work since it minimizes time‐consuming charges and provides designers with a structural impression. Furthermore, as compared to the standard version, the new optimization algorithm improves performance while decreasing computing costs. Bayesian linear regression is used in conjunction with a parameter identification challenge to derive probabilistic models for estimating structural analysis demand responses. The minimum amount of total initial cost and seismic loss cost is regarded as the objective function of the design of three chosen mid‐ to high‐rise moment frames for the optimization purpose. The results demonstrated enhanced optimization performance as well as a decreased loss cost for employed structures.
Bisphenol A and 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin at non‐cytotoxic doses alter the differentiation potential and cell function of rat adipose‐stem cells
Authors: Nunes Helga Caputo , Tavares Samara Costa , Garcia Heloísa Vicente , Cucielo Maira Smaniotto , dos Santos Sérgio Alexandre Alcântara , Aal Mirian Carolini Esgoti , de Golim Marjorie Assis , Justulin Luís Antônio , Ribeiro Amanda Oliveira , Deffune Elenice , Scarano Wellerson Rodrigo , Delella Flávia Karina
Published: June 2022

The possibility of chemical contamination is an important issue to consider when designing a cell therapy strategy. Both bisphenol A (BPA) and 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) are among the most environmentally relevant endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs, compounds with a high affinity for adipose tissue) recently studied. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) are mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) obtained from adipose tissue widely used in regenerative medicine to prevent and treat diseases in several tissues and organs. Although the experimental use of tissue‐engineered constructs requires careful analysis for approval and implantation, there has been a recent increase in the number of approved clinical trials for this promising strategy. This study aimed to evaluate cell viability, apoptosis, DNA damage, and the adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation potential of rat adipose‐derived stem cells (rASCs) exposed to previously established non‐cytotoxic doses of BPA and TCDD in vitro. Results demonstrated that 10 μM of BPA and 10 nM of TCDD were able to significantly reduce cell viability, while all exposure levels resulted in DNA damage, although did not increase the apoptosis rate. According to the analysis of adipogenic differentiation, 1 μM of BPA induced the significant formation of oil droplets, suggesting an increased adipocyte differentiation, while both 10 μM of BPA and 10 nM of TCDD decreased adipocyte differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation did not differ among the treatments. As such, BPA and TCDD in the concentrations tested can modify important processes in rASCs such as cell viability, adipogenic differentiation, and DNA damage. Together, these findings prove that EDCs play an important role as contaminants, putatively interfering in cell differentiation and thus impairing the therapeutic use of ASCs.
Jet energy spectrum and substructure in e+e− collisions at 91.2 GeV with ALEPH Archived Data
Authors: Chen Yi , Badea Anthony , Baty Austin , Chang Paoti , Chien Yang-Ting , Innocenti Gian Michele , Maggi Marcello , McGinn Christopher , Perepelitsa Dennis V. , Peters Michael , Sheng Tzu-An , Thaler Jesse , Lee Yen-Jie
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The first measurements of energy spectra and substructure of anti-kT jets in hadronic Z0 decays in e+e− collisions are presented. The archived e+e− annihilation data at a center-of-mass energy of 91.2 GeV were collected with the ALEPH detector at LEP in 1994. In addition to inclusive jet and leading dijet energy spectra, various jet substructure observables are analyzed as a function of jet energy which includes groomed and ungroomed jet mass to jet energy ratios, groomed momentum sharing, and groomed jet radius. The results are compared with perturbative QCD calculations and predictions from the Sherpa, Herwig v7.1.5, Pythia6, Pythia8 and Pyquen event generators. The jet energy spectra agree with perturbative QCD calculations which include the treatment of logarithms of the jet radius and threshold logarithms. None of the event generators give a fully satisfactory description of the data.
Heavy neutrinos at future linear e+e− colliders
Authors: Mękała Krzysztof , Reuter Jürgen , Żarnecki Aleksander Filip
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Neutrinos are among the most mysterious particles in nature. Their mass hierarchy and oscillations, as well as their antiparticle properties, are being intensively studied in experiments around the world. Moreover, in many models of physics beyond the Standard Model, the baryon asymmetry or the dark matter density in the Universe are explained by introducing new species of neutrinos. Among others, heavy neutrinos of Dirac or Majorana nature were proposed to solve open questions in High Energy Physics. Such neutrinos with masses above the electroweak (EW) scale could be produced at future linear e+e− colliders, like the Compact LInear Collider (CLIC) or the International Linear Collider (ILC).

We studied the possibility of observing decays of heavy Dirac and Majorana neutrinos in the qqℓ final state with ILC running at 500 GeV and 1 TeV, and CLIC at 3 TeV. The analysis is based on the Whizard event generation and fast simulation of detector response with Delphes. Neutrinos with masses from 200 GeV to 3.2 TeV were considered. We estimated the limits on the production cross sections, interpreted them in terms of the neutrino-lepton coupling parameter $$ {V}_{\ell N}^2 $$

V

ℓ
N

2

(effectively the neutrino mixing angle) and compared them with current limits coming from the LHC running at 13 TeV, as well as the expected limits from future hadron colliders. The limits for the future lepton colliders, extending down to the coupling values of 10−7− 10−6, are stricter than any other limit estimates published so far.
HGprt deficiency disrupts dopaminergic circuit development in a genetic mouse model of Lesch–Nyhan disease
Authors: Witteveen J. S. , Loopstok S. R. , Ballesteros L. Luque , Boonstra A. , van Bakel N. H. M. , van Boekel W. H. P. , Martens G. J. M. , Visser J. E. , Kolk S. M.
Published: June 2022

In Lesch–Nyhan disease (LND), deficiency of the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGprt) leads to a characteristic neurobehavioral phenotype dominated by dystonia, cognitive deficits and incapacitating self-injurious behavior. It has been known for decades that LND is associated with dysfunction of midbrain dopamine neurons, without overt structural brain abnormalities. Emerging post mortem and in vitro evidence supports the hypothesis that the dopaminergic dysfunction in LND is of developmental origin, but specific pathogenic mechanisms have not been revealed. In the current study, HGprt deficiency causes specific neurodevelopmental abnormalities in mice during embryogenesis, particularly affecting proliferation and migration of developing midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons. In mutant embryos at E14.5, proliferation was increased, accompanied by a decrease in cell cycle exit and the distribution and orientation of dividing cells suggested a premature deviation from their migratory route. An abnormally structured radial glia-like scaffold supporting this mDA neuronal migration might lie at the basis of these abnormalities. Consequently, these abnormalities were associated with an increase in area occupied by TH+ cells and an abnormal mDA subpopulation organization at E18.5. Finally, dopaminergic innervation was disorganized in prefrontal and decreased in HGprt deficient primary motor and somatosensory cortices. These data provide direct in vivo evidence for a neurodevelopmental nature of the brain disorder in LND. Future studies should not only focus the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the reported neurodevelopmental abnormalities, but also on optimal timing of therapeutic interventions to rescue the DA neuron defects, which may also be relevant for other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Contact-dependent signaling triggers tumor-like proliferation of CCM3 knockout endothelial cells in co-culture with wild-type cells
Authors: Rath Matthias , Schwefel Konrad , Malinverno Matteo , Skowronek Dariush , Leopoldi Alexandra , Pilz Robin A. , Biedenweg Doreen , Bekeschus Sander , Penninger Josef M. , Dejana Elisabetta , Felbor Ute
Published: June 2022

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are low-flow vascular lesions prone to cause severe hemorrhage-associated neurological complications. Pathogenic germline variants in CCM1, CCM2, or CCM3 can be identified in nearly 100% of CCM patients with a positive family history. In line with the concept that tumor-like mechanisms are involved in CCM formation and growth, we here demonstrate an abnormally increased proliferation rate of CCM3-deficient endothelial cells in co-culture with wild-type cells and in mosaic human iPSC-derived vascular organoids. The observation that NSC59984, an anticancer drug, blocked the abnormal proliferation of mutant endothelial cells further supports this intriguing concept. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and RNA sequencing revealed that co-culture induces upregulation of proangiogenic chemokine genes in wild-type endothelial cells. Furthermore, genes known to be significantly downregulated in CCM3−/− endothelial cell mono-cultures were upregulated back to normal levels in co-culture with wild-type cells. These results support the hypothesis that wild-type ECs facilitate the formation of a niche that promotes abnormal proliferation of mutant ECs. Thus, targeting the cancer-like features of CCMs is a promising new direction for drug development.
Preliminary Observations and Impact in Japan of the Tsunami Caused by the Tonga Volcanic Eruption on January 15, 2022
Authors: Imamura Fumihiko , Suppasri Anawat , Arikawa Taro , Koshimura Shunichi , Satake Kenji , Tanioka Yuichiro
Published: June 2022

The tsunami caused by the Tonga submarine volcanic eruption that occurred at 13:15 Japan Time (JST) on January 15, 2022, exposed a blind spot in Japan’s tsunami monitoring and warning system, which was established in 1952 for local tsunamis and expanded to distant tsunamis after the 1960 Chile tsunami. This paper summarizes how the warning system responded to the unprecedented tsunami, the actual evacuation process, and the damage it caused in Japan. Initially, the tsunami from the volcanic eruption was expected to arrive at approximately midnight with amplitudes of less than 20 cm. However, a series of short waves arrived at approximately 21:00, a few hours earlier than expected. The early arrival of these sea waves coincided with a rapid increase in atmospheric pressure; then, the short-period component was predominant, and the wave height was amplified while forming wave groups. After a 1.2 m tsunami was observed in Amami City in southern Japan at 23:55 JST, the Japan Meteorological Agency issued a tsunami warning/advisory. The tsunami continued, and all advisories were cleared at 14:00 JST on January 16. Information about this tsunami and the response to it are summarized here, including the characteristics and issues of the actual tsunami evacuation situation in each region. There were no casualties, but the issues that emerged included difficulty evacuating on a winter night and traffic congestion due to evacuation by car and under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the coastal area, damage to fishing boats and aquaculture facilities was reported due to the flow of the tsunami. In addition, damage to aquaculture facilities, including those producing oysters, scallops, seaweed and other marine products, decreased the supply of marine products, and the economic impact is likely to increase in the future.
Interaktive intraoperative Annotation chirurgischer Anatomie in der studentischen Ausbildung zur Unterstützung der Lerneffizienz und -motivation
Authors: van Bonn Sara M. , Grajek Jan S. , Schuldt Tobias , Schraven Sebastian P. , Schneider Armin , Rettschlag Stefanie , Oberhoffner Tobias , Weiss Nora M. , Mlynski Robert
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund

Durch die Entwicklung technologischer Innovationen haben sich nicht nur das gesellschaftliche Leben und das Gesundheitssystem verändert, sondern auch die Anforderungen an die Lehre. Ziel dieser Pilotstudie war es zu evaluieren, ob Studierende bei der Observation eines mikrochirurgischen Eingriffs am Schläfenbein mit Annotation chirurgischer Landmarken ein zusätzliches Verständnis anatomischer Strukturen erlangen, wenn eine Visualisierung verwendet wird, die für Chirurg und Betrachter gleiche 3‑D-Ansichten bietet.

Material und Methoden

Während regulärer Anwesenheitspraktika wurden Studierende drei Gruppen randomisiert zugewiesen: Kontroll‑, 2‑D‑ oder 3‑D-Gruppe. Mithilfe von Evaluationsbögen/intraoperativer Annotation chirurgischer Landmarken des Operationssitus erfolgte die Beurteilung des subjektiv didaktischen Werts verschiedener Visualisierungsformate und daraus resultierender Lernerfahrungen.

Ergebnisse

47 Studierende konnten in die Studie einbezogen werden. Die Mehrheit der Studierenden gab einen sehr hohen Mehrwert der 3‑D-Visualisierung bezüglich der Methode (70 %) und der Anschaulichkeit (80 %) im Vergleich zur 2‑D‑ und Kontrollgruppe an. 69 % der Studierenden stimmten der Aussage voll und ganz zu, dass die 2‑D- und 3‑D-Visualisierung die Lernmotivation erhöht und sehr gut geeignet ist, Topographie/und Strukturen besser zu erkennen.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Verwendung interaktiver Visualisierungsmöglichkeiten in der Lehre unterstützt die Lerneffizienz und ‑motivation der Studierenden. Besonders die 3‑D-Visualisierung und die intraoperative Annotation des Operationssitus ist ein nützliches Werkzeug in der Lehre und erhöht die Qualität dieser. Sie unterstützt die Wahrnehmung der anatomischen Topographie und ermöglicht eine gezieltere chirurgische Ausbildung.
Problem drinking recognition among UK military personnel: prevalence and associations
Authors: Spanakis Panagiotis , Gribble Rachael , Stevelink Sharon A. M. , Rona Roberto J. , Fear Nicola T. , Goodwin Laura
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Despite the higher prevalence of problem drinking in the UK military compared to the general population, problem recognition appears to be low, and little is known about which groups are more likely to recognise a problem. This study examined prevalence of problem drinking recognition and its associations.

Methods

We analysed data from 6400 regular serving and ex-serving personnel, collected in phase 3 (2014–2016) of the King's Centre for Military Health Research cohort study.

Measurements

Participants provided sociodemographic, military, health and impairment, life experiences, problem drinking, and problem recognition information. Problem drinking was categorised as scores ≥ 16 in the AUDIT questionnaire. Associations with problem recognition were examined with weighted logistic regressions.

Findings

Among personnel meeting criteria for problem drinking, 49% recognised the problem. Recognition was most strongly associated (ORs ≥ 2.50) with experiencing probable PTSD (AOR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.64–5.07), social impairment due to physical or mental health problems (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.51–4.79), adverse life events (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.70–4.75), ever being arrested (AOR = 2.99, CI = 1.43–6.25) and reporting symptoms of alcohol dependence (AOR = 3.68, 95% CI = 2.33–5.82). To a lesser extent, recognition was also statistically significantly associated with experiencing psychosomatic symptoms, feeling less healthy, probable common mental health disorders, and increased scores on the AUDIT.

Conclusion

Half of UK military personnel experiencing problem drinking does not self-report their drinking behaviour as problematic. Greater problem drinking severity, poorer mental or physical health, and negative life experiences facilitate problem recognition.
Parameter optimization and mechanical properties of 42CrMo4 manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Shi Chuan , Dietrich Stefan , Schulze Volker
Published: June 2022

To study the manufacturability and mechanical properties of a low alloy heat treatable medium carbon steel by additive manufacturing, 42CrMo4 (AISI4140) specimens were manufactured by laser powder bed fusion. Influences of processing parameters on relative density and crack density were investigated. Moreover, Charpy impact tests, microhardness, and tensile tests for specimens with and without preheating were also studied. Results showed that the primary defects in the microstructure of additively manufactured samples were the lack of fusion pores and microcracks. The variation of processing parameters influences the porosity and microcracks prominently. The impact toughness of specimens with preheating is around three times higher than specimens without preheating. However, post heat treatment for as-built specimens, such as tempering at different temperature ranges, did not improve the impact toughness further. The detailed fracture mechanism for the massive difference in the impact toughness was investigated.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction as an easy-to-perform analytical methodology for monitoring ibuprofen and its main metabolites in mussels
Authors: Malvar José Luis , Santos Juan Luis , Martín Julia , Aparicio Irene , Fonseca Tainá Garcia , Bebianno Maria João , Alonso Esteban
Published: June 2022

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been reported to be the main pharmaceutical class accumulated in seafood. Among them, ibuprofen (IBU) is of special concern as it is used worldwide to treat common pain, does not require a medical prescription, it is often taken in a high daily dose, and has been reported to cause potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms. IBU is highly transformed into hydroxy- and carboxy-metabolites and/or degradation products generated not only after its administration but also during wastewater treatment or in the environment. These compounds can be present in the environment at higher concentrations than IBU and present higher toxicity. In this work, a low-cost and affordable routine analytical method was developed and validated for the first-time determination of IBU and its main metabolites in mussels. The method is based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), clean-up by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) and analytical determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Box-Behnken experimental design was used for method optimisation to better evaluate the influence and interactions of UAE and d-SPE variables. Extraction recoveries were in the range from 81 to 115%. Precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was lower than 7%. Method detection limits were in the range from 0.1 to 1.9 ng g−1 dry weight. The method was successfully applied to wild mussels.

Graphical abstract
Effects of vacancy co‑doping on the structure, magnetic and dielectric properties of LaFeO3 perovskite nanoparticles
Authors: Arman M. M. , Ahmed M. A.
Published: June 2022

Perovskite nanoparticles La1-x□xFe1-y□yO3, (y = x = 0.0, 0.01 and 0.02) were prepared using the citrate combustion method. The samples were crystallized in a single phase orthorhombic structure. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirms that the chemical composition is very close to the nominal one. The particle size values indicated that the samples were prepared in nano scale. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern shows the good crystallinity of the samples. The magnetic hysteresis loops indicate the antiferromagnetic properties of the samples. The molar magnetic susceptibility (χM) of LaFeO3 sample was enhanced by vacancy doping. The value of Ms of the sample La0.98□0.02Fe0.98□0.02O3 increased by a factor 1.9 than that of sample LaFeO3. The investigated samples have semiconductor-like behavior as clear from the increase in the conductivity with raising the temperature and the values of activation energies. The main conduction mechanisms in the investigated samples are the small polaron tunneling (SP) and the correlated barrier hopping (CBH).
Laminar transpiration cooling experiments in hypersonic flow
Authors: Ifti Hassan Saad , Hermann Tobias , Ewenz Rocher Marc , Doherty Luke , Hambidge Christopher , McGilvray Matthew , Vandeperre Luc
Published: June 2022

The mixing between the coolant and the boundary-layer gas downstream of an injector—for transpiration/film cooling—has been extensively studied for turbulent flows; however, only a handful of studies concerning laminar mixing exist, particularly in hypersonic flows. In this paper, the concentration of the coolant gas at the wall and the heat flux reduction downstream of a transpiring injector in a hypersonic laminar flow are experimentally measured and examined. Experiments are performed in the Oxford High Density Tunnel at Mach 7. A flat-plate model is coated with pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) to spatially resolve the film and obtain a film effectiveness based on coolant concentration. Thin-film arrays are installed to measure the heat flux reduction. Six different cases are studied featuring nitrogen and helium as the coolant gas, where the blowing ratio is varied from 0.0406% to$$0.295\%$$0.295%. The unit Reynolds number of the flow is$$12.9\times 10^6\;\mathrm {m^{-1}}$$12.9×106m-1. A coolant concentration of up to$$95\%$$95%is achieved immediately (2 mm) downstream of the injector. The film concentration drops in a monotonic fashion farther downstream; however, a constant film coverage of 5–20 mm immediately downstream of the injector is observed in cases with a higher blowing ratio. A film coverage above 15% over three injector lengths is present even for the lowest blowing ratio. Heat flux reduction is achieved in all cases. The concentration effectiveness obtained from PSP is compared with the thermal film effectiveness calculated from the heat flux reduction. The latter is found to be higher than the former for all data points. Finally, a collapse of the thermal effectiveness is achieved and a modified analytical correlation is proposed.

Graphical abstract
Disparate age and sex distribution of sessile serrated lesions and conventional adenomas in an outpatient colonoscopy population–implications for colorectal cancer screening?
Authors: Lall Vidit , Ismail Ali Galalah Mostafa , Ayonrinde Oyekoya Taiwo
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasingly diagnosed in individuals aged < 50 years, resulting in advocacy of screening from age 45 years. Despite existing knowledge associating CRC with conventional adenomas, the significance of sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) on the burden of CRC is less detailed. We aimed to provide contemporary estimates for SSL prevalence and examine patient and procedure factors associated with SSL detection.

Methods

Retrospective observational study examining associations between SSL and conventional adenoma detection, polyp histopathology, patient, and procedure characteristics in an outpatient colonoscopy unit over 12 months.

Results

From 2097 colonoscopies, SSL detection was 13.8% overall and 12.5% in patients < 50 years. SSLs were mostly proximal in location (64%), and SSL detection was significantly higher in females compared with males (16.2% vs. 11.7%, p = 0.003), particularly in those < 50 years (16.8% vs. 8.6%, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, SSL detection was associated with female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–1.91), synchronous conventional adenoma detection (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.04–1.78) and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (aOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.02–1.77). Conventional adenoma detection was 33.6% and associated with age ≥ 50 years (aOR 3.57, 95% CI 2.84–4.47) and synchronous SSL detection (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03–1.79).

Conclusions

We observed age and sex disparities in polyp types and prevalence in this outpatient colonoscopy population. SSLs were most prevalent in females aged < 50 years, suggesting a potential increased susceptibility of young females to SSLs and CRC. Our findings may have implications for the design of CRC screening programs.
DNA-methylome-assisted classification of patients with poor prognostic subventricular zone associated IDH-wildtype glioblastoma
Authors: Adeberg Sebastian , Knoll Maximilian , Koelsche Christian , Bernhardt Denise , Schrimpf Daniel , Sahm Felix , König Laila , Harrabi Semi Ben , Hörner-Rieber Juliane , Verma Vivek , Bewerunge-Hudler Melanie , Unterberg Andreas , Sturm Dominik , Jungk Christine , Herold-Mende Christel , Wick Wolfgang , von Deimling Andreas , Debus Juergen , Rieken Stefan , Abdollahi Amir
Published: June 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) derived from the “stem cell” rich subventricular zone (SVZ) may constitute a therapy-refractory subgroup of tumors associated with poor prognosis. Risk stratification for these cases is necessary but is curtailed by error prone imaging-based evaluation. Therefore, we aimed to establish a robust DNA methylome-based classification of SVZ GBM and subsequently decipher underlying molecular characteristics. MRI assessment of SVZ association was performed in a retrospective training set of IDH-wildtype GBM patients (n = 54) uniformly treated with postoperative chemoradiotherapy. DNA isolated from FFPE samples was subject to methylome and copy number variation (CNV) analysis using Illumina Platform and cnAnalysis450k package. Deep next-generation sequencing (NGS) of a panel of 130 GBM-related genes was conducted (Agilent SureSelect/Illumina). Methylome, transcriptome, CNV, MRI, and mutational profiles of SVZ GBM were further evaluated in a confirmatory cohort of 132 patients (TCGA/TCIA). A 15 CpG SVZ methylation signature (SVZM) was discovered based on clustering and random forest analysis. One third of CpG in the SVZM were associated with MAB21L2/LRBA. There was a 14.8% (n = 8) discordance between SVZM vs. MRI classification. Re-analysis of these patients favored SVZM classification with a hazard ratio (HR) for OS of 2.48 [95% CI 1.35–4.58], p = 0.004 vs. 1.83 [1.0–3.35], p = 0.049 for MRI classification. In the validation cohort, consensus MRI based assignment was achieved in 62% of patients with an intraclass correlation (ICC) of 0.51 and non-significant HR for OS (2.03 [0.81–5.09], p = 0.133). In contrast, SVZM identified two prognostically distinct subgroups (HR 3.08 [1.24–7.66], p = 0.016). CNV alterations revealed loss of chromosome 10 in SVZM– and gains on chromosome 19 in SVZM– tumors. SVZM– tumors were also enriched for differentially mutated genes (p < 0.001). In summary, SVZM classification provides a novel means for stratifying GBM patients with poor prognosis and deciphering molecular mechanisms governing aggressive tumor phenotypes.
Incidence and types of laryngotracheal sequelae of prolonged invasive ventilation in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Fiacchini Giacomo , Abel Joel Reuben , Tricò Domenico , Ribechini Alessandro , Canelli Rachele , Picariello Miriana , Guarracino Fabio , Forfori Francesco , Dallan Iacopo , Berrettini Stefano , Bruschini Luca
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The COVID-19 outbreak has led to an increasing number of acute laryngotracheal complications in patients subjected to prolonged mechanical ventilation, but their incidence in the short and mid-term after ICU discharge is still unknown. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of these complications in a COVID-19 group of patients and to compare these aspects with non-COVID-19 matched controls.

Methods

In this cohort study, we retrospectively selected patients from November 1 to December 31, 2020, according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The follow-up visits were planned after 6 months from discharge. All patients were subjected to an endoscopic evaluation and completed two questionnaires (VHI-10 score and MDADI score).

Results

Thirteen men and three women were enrolled in the COVID-19 group while nine men and seven women were included in the control group. The median age was 60 [56–66] years in the COVID-19 group and 64 [58–69] years in the control group. All the patients of the control group showed no laryngotracheal lesions, while five COVID-19 patients had different types of lesions, two located in the vocal folds and three in the trachea. No difference was identified between the two groups regarding the VHI-10 score, while the control group showed a significantly worse MDADI score.

Conclusions

COVID-19 patients subjected to prolonged invasive ventilation are more likely to develop a laryngotracheal complication in the short and medium term. A rigorous clinical follow-up to allow early identification and management of these complications should be set up after discharge.
H3K27m3 overexpression as a new, BCL2 independent diagnostic tool in follicular and cutaneous follicle center lymphomas
Authors: Brune Magdalena M. , Vela Visar , Bratic Hench Ivana , Dertinger Susanne , Borgmann Vanessa , Dirnhofer Stefan , Tzankov Alexandar
Published: June 2022

Approximately 15% of follicular lymphomas (FL) lack overexpression of BCL2 and the underlying translocation t(14;18). These cases can be diagnostically challenging, especially regarding follicular hyperplasia (FH). In a subset of FL, mutations in genes encoding for epigenetic modifiers, such as the histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2), were found, which might be used diagnostically. These molecular alterations can lead to an increased tri-methylation of histone H3 at position lysine 27 (H3K27m3) that, in turn, can be visualized immunohistochemically. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of H3K27m3 in FL, primary cutaneous follicle center lymphomas (PCFCL), and pediatric-type FL (PTFL) in order to investigate its value in the differential diagnosis to FH and other B cell lymphomas and to correlate it to BCL2 expression and the presence of t(14;18). Additionally, the mutational profile of selected cases was considered to address H3K27m3’s potential use as a surrogate parameter for mutations in genes encoding for epigenetic modifiers. Eighty-nine percent of FL and 100% of PCFCL cases overexpressed H3K27m3, independently of BCL2, EZH2, and the presence of mutations. In contrast, 95% of FH and 100% of PTFL cases lacked H3K27m3 overexpression. Other B cell lymphomas considered for differential diagnosis also showed overexpression of H3K27m3 in the majority of cases. In summary, overexpression of H3K27m3 can serve as a new, BCL2 independent marker in the differential diagnosis of FL and PCFCL, but not PTFL, to FH, while being not of help in the differential diagnosis of FL to other B cell lymphomas.
Accuracy of Dysphagia Standard Assessment (DSA®) bedside screening test: a flowchart for patient eligibility
Authors: Mariani Laura , Cilfone Armando , Nicastri Maria , Pipitone Lucia Libera , Stella Federica , de Vincentiis Marco , Greco Antonio , Mancini Patrizia , Longo Lucia , Ruoppolo Giovanni
Published: June 2022

Background

Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) screening tests have improved patient management; however, the complex applicability and high percentage of false negatives do not allow these tests to be considered completely reliable if not supported by an instrumental investigation. The aim of the present study is to evaluate an OD screening test, the Dysphagia Standard Assessment (DSA®) with different volumes and viscosities.

Materials and methods

Prospective study of 72 patients evaluated for suspected OD through a double-blind methodology conducted by two operators. All patients underwent fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) as a reference test and a separate DSA® test. DSA® was performed by administering boluses with different viscosities, with the signal of interruption of the test being: onset of the cough reflex, wet voice after swallowing, and/or desaturation of O2 ≥ 5%. The Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was evaluated by FEES. The cut-off identified to diagnose OD was PAS ≥ 3.

Results

The test showed an accuracy of 82%, a sensitivity of 0.93 (95% C.I. 0.84–0.97), and a specificity of 0.78 (95% C.I. 0.67–0.87); positive predictive value 0.55 (95% C.I. 0.43–0.67); negative predictive value 0.97 (95% C.I. 0.90–0.99), positive likelihood ratio 4.37 (95% C.I. 3.6–5.2); likelihood negative ratio 0.08 (95% C.I. 0.06–0.09).

Conclusions

According to the preliminary results, the test showed good outcomes in determining the presence or absence of OD with a wide spectrum of applicability with some limitations that could be overcome by the selection of a target population. For this reason, a flowchart to address patient eligibility was developed.