bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Complex Electrical Conductivity of a Graphitic Black Schist From the Himalayas of Central Nepal
Authors: Börner Jana H. , Girault Frédéric , Bhattarai Mukunda , Adhikari Lok Bijaya , Deldicque Damien , Perrier Frédéric , Spitzer Klaus
Published: April 2018

We analyzed in the laboratory the frequency‐dependent, complex‐valued, electrical conductivity of a graphitic black schist and an augen gneiss, both collected in the Main Central Thrust shear zone in the Himalayas of central Nepal, which was heavily affected by the deadly Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake in 2015. We focused on anisotropy and salinity dependence of both cores and crushed material as well as the impact of CO2 on conductivity. This black schist possesses an extraordinarily high polarizability and a highly frequency‐dependent conductivity. Its anisotropy is very pronounced. The investigations can relate the main polarization feature to disseminated, aligned plates of graphite. By contrast, the augen gneiss shows low polarizability and a moderately anisotropic conductivity dominated by the pore‐filling brine. We further demonstrate that neglecting the complex and frequency‐dependent nature of conductivity can lead to serious misinterpretation of magnetotelluric data during inversion if highly polarizable rocks are present.
Variations in Gas and Water Pulses at an Arctic Seep: Fluid Sources and Methane Transport
Authors: Hong W.‐L. , Torres M. E. , Portnov A. , Waage M. , Haley B. , Lepland A.
Published: April 2018

Methane fluxes into the oceans are largely dependent on the methane phase as it migrates upward through the sediments. Here we document decoupled methane transport by gaseous and aqueous phases in Storfjordrenna (offshore Svalbard) and propose a three‐stage evolution model for active seepage in the region where gas hydrates are present in the shallow subsurface. In a preactive seepage stage, solute diffusion is the primary transport mechanism for methane in the dissolved phase. Fluids containing dissolved methane have high 87Sr/86Sr ratios due to silicate weathering in the microbial methanogenesis zone. During the active seepage stage, migration of gaseous methane results in near‐seafloor gas hydrate formation and vigorous seafloor gas discharge with a thermogenic fingerprint. In the postactive seepage stage, the high concentration of dissolved lithium points to the contribution of a deeper‐sourced aqueous fluid, which we postulate advects upward following cessation of gas discharge.
Changes in the Response of the Northern Hemisphere Carbon Uptake to Temperature Over the Last Three Decades
Authors: Yin Yi , Ciais Philippe , Chevallier Frederic , Li Wei , Bastos Ana , Piao Shilong , Wang Tao , Liu Hongyan
Published: April 2018

The CO2 seasonal cycle amplitude (SCA) in the Northern Hemisphere has increased since the 1960s—a feature attributed mainly to enhanced vegetation activity along climate warming and CO2 increase. We identified a temporal change in the sign of the correlation between SCA and air temperature (T) from positive to negative around the year 2000 at most Northern Hemisphere ground stations, consistent with signals from satellite column CO2 measurements since the mid‐2000s. Further, we explored potential causes of this change using net biome productivity estimates from three atmospheric inversions for the period 1980–2015. The change in the SCA‐T relationship is primarily attributable to changes in the net biome productivity‐T relationship: positive correlations weakened in the spring in the high latitudes, confirming a limit to the “warmer spring‐bigger carbon sink” mechanism; negative correlations diminished in the autumn/winter in the mid‐to‐high latitudes, challenging the “warmer winter‐larger carbon release” assumption and highlighting the complexity of carbon processes outside the peak growing season.
Soil Moisture Sensing Using Spaceborne GNSS Reflections: Comparison of CYGNSS Reflectivity to SMAP Soil Moisture
Authors: Chew C. C. , Small E. E.
Published: April 2018

This paper quantifies the relationship between forward scattered L‐band Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, recorded by the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) constellation and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) soil moisture (SM). Although designed for tropical ocean surface wind sensing, the CYGNSS receivers also record GNSS reflections over land. The CYGNSS observations of reflection power are compared to SMAP SM between March 2017 and February 2018. A strong, positive linear relationship exists between changes in CYGNSS reflectivity and changes in SMAP SM, but not between the absolute magnitudes of the two observations. The sensitivity of CYGNSS reflectivity to SM varies spatially and can be used to convert reflectivity to estimates of SM. The unbiased root‐mean‐square difference between daily averaged CYGNSS‐derived SM and SMAP SM is 0.045 cm3/cm3 and is similarly low between CYGNSS and in situ SM. These results show that CYGNSS, and future GNSS reflection missions, could provide global SM observations.
Toward personalised diffusion MRI in psychiatry: improved delineation of fibre bundles with the highest-ever angular resolution in vivo tractography
Authors: Callaghan Fraser , Maller Jerome J. , Welton Thomas , Middione Matthew J. , Shankaranarayanan Ajit , Grieve Stuart M.
Published: April 2018

Diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography is a uniquely powerful tool capable of demonstrating structural brain network abnormalities across a range of psychiatric disorders; however, it is not currently clinically useful. This is because limitations on sensitivity effectively restrict its application to scientific studies of cohorts, rather than individual patients. Recent improvements in dMRI hardware, acquisition, processing and analysis techniques may, however, overcome these measurement limitations. We therefore acquired the highest-ever angular resolution in vivo tractographic data set, and used these data to ask the question: 'is cutting-edge, optimised dMRI now sensitive enough to measure brain network abnormalities at a level that may enable personalised psychiatry?' The fibre tracking performance of this 'gold standard' data set of 1150 unique directions (11 shells) was compared to a conventional 64-direction protocol (single shell) and a clinically practical, highly optimised and accelerated 9-min protocol of 140 directions (3 shells). Three major tracts of relevance to psychiatry were evaluated: the cingulate bundle, the uncinate fasciculus and the corticospinal tract. We found up to a 34-fold improvement in tracking accuracy using the 1150-direction data set compared to the 64-direction data set, while 140-direction data offered a maximum 17-fold improvement. We also observed between 20 and 50% improvements in tracking efficiency for the 140-direction data set, a finding we then replicated in a normal cohort (n = 53). We found evidence that lower angular resolution data may introduce systematic anatomical biases. These data highlight the imminent potential of dMRI as a clinically meaningful technique at a personalised level, and should inform current practice in clinical studies.
Helicobacter pylori-induced IL-33 modulates mast cell responses, benefits bacterial growth, and contributes to gastritis
Authors: Lv Yi-pin , Teng Yong-sheng , Mao Fang-yuan , Peng Liu-sheng , Zhang Jin-yu , Cheng Ping , Liu Yu-gang , Kong Hui , Wang Ting-ting , Wu Xiao-long , Hao Chuan-jie , Chen Weisan , Yang Shi-ming , Zhao Yong-liang , Han Bin , Ma Qiang , Zou Quan-ming , Zhuang Yuan
Published: April 2018

Interleukin (IL)-induced inflammatory responses are critical for the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastritis. IL-33 represents a recently discovered proinflammatory cytokine involved in inflammatory diseases, but its relevance to H. pylori-induced gastritis is unknown. Here, we found that gastric IL-33 mRNA and protein expression were elevated in gastric mucosa of both patients and mice infected with H. pylori, which is positively correlated with bacterial load and the degree of gastritis. IL-33 production was promoted via extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway activation by gastric epithelial cells in a cagA-dependent manner during H. pylori infection, and resulted in increased inflammation and bacteria burden within the gastric mucosa. Gastric epithelial cell-derived IL-33 promoted TNF-α production from mast cells in vitro, and IL-33 increased TNF-α production in vivo. Increased TNF-α inhibited gastric epithelial cell proliferation, conducing to the progress of H. pylori-associated gastritis and bacteria colonization. This study defined a patent regulatory networks involving H. pylori, gastric epithelial cell, IL-33, mast cell, and TNF-α, which jointly play a pathological effect within the gastric circumstances. It may be a valuable strategy to restrain this IL-33-dependent pathway in the treatment of H. pylori-associated gastritis.
BAP1 induces cell death via interaction with 14-3-3 in neuroblastoma
Authors: Sime Wondossen , Niu Qiankun , Abassi Yasmin , Masoumi Katarzyna Chmielarska , Zarrizi Reihaneh , Køhler Julie Bonne , Kjellström Sven , Lasorsa Vito Alessandro , Capasso Mario , Fu Haian , Massoumi Ramin
Published: April 2018

BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a nuclear deubiquitinating enzyme that is associated with multiprotein complexes that regulate key cellular pathways, including cell cycle, cellular differentiation, cell death, and the DNA damage response. In this study, we found that the reduced expression of BAP1 pro6motes the survival of neuroblastoma cells, and restoring the levels of BAP1 in these cells facilitated a delay in S and G2/M phase of the cell cycle, as well as cell apoptosis. The mechanism that BAP1 induces cell death is mediated via an interaction with 14-3-3 protein. The association between BAP1 and 14-3-3 protein releases the apoptotic inducer protein Bax from 14-3-3 and promotes cell death through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Xenograft studies confirmed that the expression of BAP1 reduces tumor growth and progression in vivo by lowering the levels of pro-survival factors such as Bcl-2, which in turn diminish the survival potential of the tumor cells. Patient data analyses confirmed the finding that the high-BAP1 mRNA expression correlates with a better clinical outcome. In summary, our study uncovers a new mechanism for BAP1 in the regulation of cell apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells.
Cryo-EM reveals the structural basis of microtubule depolymerization by kinesin-13s
Authors: Benoit Matthieu P.M.H. , Asenjo Ana B. , Sosa Hernando
Published: April 2018

Kinesin-13s constitute a distinct group within the kinesin superfamily of motor proteins that promote microtubule depolymerization and lack motile activity. The molecular mechanism by which kinesin-13s depolymerize microtubules and are adapted to perform a seemingly very different activity from other kinesins is still unclear. To address this issue, here we report the near atomic resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of Drosophila melanogaster kinesin-13 KLP10A protein constructs bound to curved or straight tubulin in different nucleotide states. These structures show how nucleotide induced conformational changes near the catalytic site are coupled with movement of the kinesin-13-specific loop-2 to induce tubulin curvature leading to microtubule depolymerization. The data highlight a modular structure that allows similar kinesin core motor-domains to be used for different functions, such as motility or microtubule depolymerization.
Integrative network analyses of wilt transcriptome in chickpea reveal genotype dependent regulatory hubs in immunity and susceptibility
Authors: Ashraf Nasheeman , Basu Swaraj , Narula Kanika , Ghosh Sudip , Tayal Rajul , Gangisetty Nagaraju , Biswas Sushmita , Aggarwal Pooja R. , Chakraborty Niranjan , Chakraborty Subhra
Published: April 2018

Host specific resistance and non-host resistance are two plant immune responses to counter pathogen invasion. Gene network organizing principles leading to quantitative differences in resistant and susceptible host during host specific resistance are poorly understood. Vascular wilt caused by root pathogen Fusarium species is complex and governed by host specific resistance in crop plants, including chickpea. Here, we temporally profiled two contrasting chickpea genotypes in disease and immune state to better understand gene expression switches in host specific resistance. Integrative gene-regulatory network elucidated tangible insight into interaction coordinators leading to pathway determination governing distinct (disease or immune) phenotypes. Global network analysis identified five major hubs with 389 co-regulated genes. Functional enrichment revealed immunome containing three subnetworks involving CTI, PTI and ETI and wilt diseasome encompassing four subnetworks highlighting pathogen perception, penetration, colonization and disease establishment. These subnetworks likely represent key components that coordinate various biological processes favouring defence or disease. Furthermore, we identified core 76 disease/immunity related genes through subcellular analysis. Our regularized network with robust statistical assessment captured known and unexpected gene interaction, candidate novel regulators as future biomarkers and first time showed system-wide quantitative architecture corresponding to genotypic characteristics in wilt landscape.
Multi-lectin Affinity Chromatography and Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveal Differential Glycoform Levels between Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Sera
Authors: Totten Sarah M. , Adusumilli Ravali , Kullolli Majlinda , Tanimoto Cheylene , Brooks James D. , Mallick Parag , Pitteri Sharon J.
Published: April 2018

Currently prostate-specific antigen is used for prostate cancer (PCa) screening, however it lacks the necessary specificity for differentiating PCa from other diseases of the prostate such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), presenting a clinical need to distinguish these cases at the molecular level. Protein glycosylation plays an important role in a number of cellular processes involved in neoplastic progression and is aberrant in PCa. In this study, we systematically interrogate the alterations in the circulating levels of hundreds of serum proteins and their glycoforms in PCa and BPH samples using multi-lectin affinity chromatography and quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Specific lectins (AAL, PHA-L and PHA-E) were used to target and chromatographically separate core-fucosylated and highly-branched protein glycoforms for analysis, as differential expression of these glycan types have been previously associated with PCa. Global levels of CD5L, CFP, C8A, BST1, and C7 were significantly increased in the PCa samples. Notable glycoform-specific alterations between BPH and PCa were identified among proteins CD163, C4A, and ATRN in the PHA-L/E fraction and among C4BPB and AZGP1 glycoforms in the AAL fraction. Despite these modest differences, substantial similarities in glycoproteomic profiles were observed between PCa and BPH sera.
Significant loss of mitochondrial diversity within the last century due to extinction of peripheral populations in eastern gorillas
Authors: van der Valk Tom , Sandoval-Castellanos Edson , Caillaud Damien , Ngobobo Urbain , Binyinyi Escobar , Nishuli Radar , Stoinski Tara , Gilissen Emmanuel , Sonet Gontran , Semal Patrick , Kalthoff Daniela C. , Dalén Love , Guschanski Katerina
Published: April 2018

Species and populations are disappearing at an alarming rate as a direct result of human activities. Loss of genetic diversity associated with population decline directly impacts species’ long-term survival. Therefore, preserving genetic diversity is of considerable conservation importance. However, to assist in conservation efforts, it is important to understand how genetic diversity is spatially distributed and how it changes due to anthropogenic pressures. In this study, we use historical museum and modern faecal samples of two critically endangered eastern gorilla taxa, Grauer’s (Gorilla beringei graueri) and mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei), to directly infer temporal changes in genetic diversity within the last century. Using over 100 complete mitochondrial genomes, we observe a significant decline in haplotype and nucleotide diversity in Grauer’s gorillas. By including historical samples from now extinct populations we show that this decline can be attributed to the loss of peripheral populations rather than a decrease in genetic diversity within the core range of the species. By directly quantifying genetic changes in the recent past, our study shows that human activities have severely impacted eastern gorilla genetic diversity within only four to five generations. This rapid loss calls for dedicated conservation actions, which should include preservation of the remaining peripheral populations.
Radiating pattern of surge-current-induced THz light in near-field and far-field zone
Authors: Han J. W. , Choi Y. G. , Lee J. S.
Published: April 2018

We generate the THz wave on the surface of an unbiased GaAs crystal by illuminating femtosecond laser pulses with a 45° incidence angle, and investigate its propagation properties comprehensively both in a near-field and in a far-field zone by performing a knife-edge scan measurement. In the near-field zone, i.e. 540 μm away from the generation point, we found that the beam simply takes a Gaussian shape of which width follows well a behavior predicted by a paraxial wave equation. In the far-field zone, on the other hand, it takes a highly anisotropic shape; whereas the beam profile maintains a Gaussian shape along the normal to the plane of incidence, it takes satellite peak structures along the direction in parallel to the plane of incidence. From the comparison with simulation results obtained by using a dipole radiation model, we demonstrated that this irregular beam pattern is attributed to the combined effect of the position-dependent phase retardation of the THz waves and the diffraction-limited size of the initial beam which lead to the interference of the waves in the far-field zone. Also, we found that this consideration accounting for a crossover of THz beam profile to the anisotropic non-Gaussian beam in the far-field zone can be applied for a comprehensive understanding of several other THz beam profiles obtained previously in different configurations.
The plant hormone abscisic acid regulates the growth and metabolism of endophytic fungus Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Xu Gangming , Yang Suiqun , Meng Linghong , Wang Bin-Gui
Published: April 2018

Plant hormones are well known chemical signals that regulate plant growth, development, and adaptation. However, after comparative transcriptome and metabolite analysis, we found that the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) also affect the growth and metabolism of endophytic fungus Aspergillus nidulans. There were 3148 up-regulated and 3160 down-regulated genes identified during 100 nM ABA induction. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in: RNA polymerase and basal transcription factors; ribosome biogenesis, protein processing, proteasome, and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis; nucleotide metabolism and tri-carboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; cell cycle and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Production of mycotoxins, which have insect-resistance or anti-pathogen activity, was also changed with ABA induction. This study provides the first global view of ABA induced transcription and metabolite changes in endophytic fungus, which might suggest a potential fungus-plant cross-talk via ABA.
A new model to predict the influence of surface temperature on contact angle
Authors: Villa Fabio , Marengo Marco , De Coninck Joël
Published: April 2018

The measurement of the equilibrium contact angle (ECA) of a weakly evaporating sessile drop becomes very challenging when the temperatures are higher than ambient temperature. Since the ECA is a critical input parameter for numerical simulations of diabatic processes, it is relevant to know the variation of the ECA with the fluid and wall temperatures. Several research groups have studied the effect of temperature on ECA either experimentally, with direct measures, or numerically, using molecular dynamic simulations. However, there is some disagreement between the authors. In this paper two possible theoretical models are presented, describing how the ECA varies with the surface temperature. These two models (called Decreasing Trend Model and Unsymmetrical Trend Model, respectively) are compared with experimental measurements. Within the experimental errors, the equilibrium contact angle shows a decrease with increasing surface temperatures on the hydrophilic surface. Conversely the ECA appears approximately constant on hydrophobic surfaces for increasing wall temperatures. The two conclusions for practical applications for weakly evaporating conditions are that (i) the higher the ECA, the smaller is the effect of the surface temperature, (ii) a good evaluation of the decrease of the ECA with the surface temperature can be obtained by the proposed DTM approach.
A Novel Method for Investigating the Role of Reflux Pattern in Color Doppler Ultrasound for Grading of Varicocele
Authors: Bagheri Seyed Morteza , Khajehasani Fatemeh , Iraji Hamed , Fatemi Iman
Published: April 2018

Varicocele is the most common correctable cause of infertility. Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDUS) has a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 94% for diagnosing this condition. This study aimed to propose a new pattern of scrotal Doppler for predicting the severity of varicocele. An observational study was conducted from January 2016 to January 2017 on 120 testes units in 60 patients. Scrotal CDUS and semen analysis were done in all participants. Patients were evaluated for reflux pattern, pampiniform venous plexus diameter, and venous reflux time. The ultrasonography parameters and semen analysis data were compared to assess the correlations between the results. The reflux pattern and vein diameters had a significant correlation. Also, a significant correlation was detected between the reflux pattern and reflux time. There was a significant correlation between the reflux pattern and two parameters of semen analysis namely sperm count and its motility. In conclusion, the reflux pattern classification suggested in this study can be used as a useful predictor of varicocele severity and sperm parameters in patients with varicocele.
The Phytophthora cactorum genome provides insights into the adaptation to host defense compounds and fungicides
Authors: Yang Min , Duan Shengchang , Mei Xinyue , Huang Huichuan , Chen Wei , Liu Yixiang , Guo Cunwu , Yang Ting , Wei Wei , Liu Xili , He Xiahong , Dong Yang , Zhu Shusheng
Published: April 2018

Phytophthora cactorumis a homothallic oomycete pathogen, which has a wide host range and high capability to adapt to host defense compounds and fungicides. Here we report the 121.5 Mb genome assembly of theP. cactorumusing the third-generation single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology. It is the second largest genome sequenced so far in thePhytophthoragenera, which contains 27,981 protein-coding genes. Comparison with otherPhytophthoragenomes showed thatP. cactorumhad a closer relationship withP. parasitica,P. infestansandP. capsici.P. cactorumhas similar gene families in the secondary metabolism and pathogenicity-related effector proteins compared with other oomycete species, but specific gene families associated with detoxification enzymes and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) underwent expansion inP. cactorum.P. cactorumhad a higher utilization and detoxification ability against ginsenosides–a group of defense compounds fromPanax notoginseng–compared with the narrow host pathogenP. sojae. The elevated expression levels of detoxification enzymes and hydrolase activity-associated genes after exposure to ginsenosides further supported that the high detoxification and utilization ability ofP. cactorumplay a crucial role in the rapid adaptability of the pathogen to host plant defense compounds and fungicides.
Effective solvent-free oxidation of cyclohexene to allylic products with oxygen by mesoporous etched halloysite nanotube supported Co2+
Authors: Li Cuiping , Zhao Yue , Zhu Tianwen , Li Yan'ge , Ruan Jiajia , Li Guanghui
Published: April 2018

Mesoporous eHA@Co2+ nanorods with effective solvent-free oxidation of cyclohexene to allylic products with O2 have been successfully fabricated by HCl selective etching of Al2O3 from halloysite nanotubes and the impregnation method consecutively.
Fabrication of air-stable, transparent Cu grid electrodes by etching through a PVA-based protecting layer patterned using a screen mesh
Authors: Tokuhisa H. , Tsukamoto S. , Nobeshima T. , Yamamoto N.
Published: April 2018

As an alternative to conventional indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes, a transparent Cu grid electrode was fabricated by etching a sputtered Cu on a flexible polyethylene naphthalate film through a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based protecting layer.
Non-chromatographic separation and determination of thimerosal and inorganic mercury in vaccines by Fe3+-induced degradation with cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Xu Qi , Wang Zhenhua , Jin Linghe , Liu Peng , Tian Yuan , Zhang Shengxiao , Zhang Changqiao
Published: April 2018

By adding Fe3+ into an HCl carrier, thimerosal can be transformed into elemental mercury cold vapor in the presence of KBH4 and detected by AFS.
Synthesis of 2-arylbenzofuran-3-carbaldehydes via an organocatalytic [3+2] annulation/oxidative aromatization reaction
Authors: Zhang Huiwen , Ma Chunmei , Zheng Ziwei , Sun Rengwei , Yu Xinhong , Zhao Jianhong
Published: April 2018

A novel organocatalytic [3+2] annulation/oxidative aromatization reaction of enals with 2-halophenols is developed for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzofuran-3-carbaldehydes.
Use multiscale simulation to explore the effects of the homodimerizations between different conformation states on the activation and allosteric pathway for the μ-opioid receptor
Authors: Zhang Xi , Yuan Yuan , Wang Longrong , Guo Yanzhi , Li Menglong , Li Chuan , Pu Xuemei
Published: April 2018

Using multiscale simulation to explore the activation of a GPCR dimer.
Novel structured transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Lai Zhuangchai , Ma Qinglang , Zhang Hua
Published: April 2018

This review summarizes the recent advances in the preparation, characterization and application of new-structured ultrathin transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets.
Comment on “Hydride, gold(i) and related derivatives of the unsaturated ditungsten anion [W2Cp2(μ-PCy2)(μ-CO)2]−” by M. A. Ruiz et al., Dalton Trans., 2014, 43, 16044
Authors: Green Malcolm L. H.
Published: April 2018

The covalent bond classification identifies the nature of the interaction between the metals in [M2(η5-C5H5)2(μ-H)(μ-PCy2)(CO)2] M = Mo, W.
Incorporation of Keplerate-type Mo–O based macroanions into Zn2Al-LDH results in the formation of all-inorganic composite films with remarkable third-order optical nonlinearity
Authors: Ren Haizhou , Shehzad Farooq Khurum , Zhou Yunshan , Zhang Lijuan , Iqbal Arshad , Long Yi
Published: April 2018

The fabricated all-inorganic composite films Zn2Al-LDH/{Mo132-Ac} have notable saturated absorption and self-defocusing effect with a large third-order optical nonlinear susceptibility.
BINAP-copper supported by hydrotalcite as an efficient catalyst for the borrowing hydrogen reaction and dehydrogenation cyclization under water or solvent-free conditions
Authors: Xu Zhaojun , Yu Xiaoli , Sang Xinxin , Wang Dawei
Published: April 2018

A BINAP-Cu system supported by hydrotalcite has been developed and proved to be a highly efficient catalyst for the atom-efficient and green borrowing hydrogen reaction and dehydrogenative cyclization.
Metal nanotrough embedded colorless polyimide films: transparent conducting electrodes with exceptional flexibility and high conductivity
Authors: Moon Ji-Young , Youn Doo-Young , Kim Chanhoon , Lee Ji-Hyun , Luo Zhenhao , Kim Il-Doo
Published: April 2018

We present an inverted-heart shape Ag nanotrough electrode based on the fusion of a CPI substrate and Ag layer-coated CPI nanofibers.
Synchronized-pressing fabrication of cost-efficient crystalline perovskite solar cells via intermediate engineering
Authors: Ma Yongchao , Lee Jihoon , Liu Yanliang , Hangoma Pesi Mwitumwa , Park Woon Ik , Lim Jae-Hong , Jung Yun Kyung , Jeong Jung Hyun , Park Sung Heum , Kim Kwangho
Published: April 2018

A cost-effective synchronized-pressing annealing method is designed, providing two homogeneous highly crystalline MAPbI3 films with monolithic millimeter-scale grains.
Probing excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides by Drude-like exciton intraband absorption
Authors: Zhao Siqi , He Dawei , He Jiaqi , Zhang Xinwu , Yi Lixin , Wang Yongsheng , Zhao Hui
Published: April 2018

Excitonic intraband absorption is used to probe excitonic dynamics in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides.
Polymeric crown ethers: LCST behavior in water and stimuli-responsiveness
Authors: Huang Dechun , Zhang Qiao , Deng Yan , Luo Zheng , Li Bo , Shen Xin , Qi Zhenhui , Dong Shengyi , Ge Yan , Chen Wei
Published: April 2018

A crown ether-functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) system shows lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase separation behavior in water.
Magnetic interactions and in vitro study of biocompatible hydrocaffeic acid-stabilized Fe–Pt clusters as MRI contrast agents
Authors: Kostevšek N. , Hudoklin S. , Kreft M. E. , Serša I. , Sepe A. , Jagličić Z. , Vidmar J. , Ščančar J. , Šturm S. , Kobe S. , Žužek Rožman K.
Published: April 2018

Study of magnetic interactions revealed optimal size and morphology of Fe–Pt nanoparticles. Novel biocompatible hydrocaffeic acid coating was used to prepare highly efficient and safe MRI contrast agent, which was proven by in vitro study.
Hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of isoquercitrin as an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Shi-Tao , Yin Yan-Chun , Xing Shu , Li Wan-Nan , Fu Xue-Qi
Published: April 2018

Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is a potent glucose-dependent insulinotropic gut hormone released from intestinal L cells.
One-pot synthesis of chiral alcohols from alkynes by CF3SO3H/ruthenium tandem catalysis
Authors: Liu Huan , Liu Sensheng , Zhou Haifeng , Liu Qixing , Wang Chunqin
Published: April 2018

A simple and compatible catalytic system for one-pot transformation of alkynes into chiral alcohols was developed.
Bioactive terpenoids from Santalum album derived endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. YD-2
Authors: Yan Chong , Liu Weiyang , Li Jing , Deng Yanlian , Chen Senhua , Liu Hongju
Published: April 2018

Two new spiromeroterpenoids, namely fusariumin A (1) and B (2), along with four known terpenoids, asperterpenoid A (3), agathic acid (4), guignardone N (5), and trametenolic acid (6), were obtained from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. YD-2, derived from the twigs of Santalum album.
Single-crystalline perovskite wafers with a Cr blocking layer for broad and stable light detection in a harsh environment
Authors: Wang Qian , Bai Dongliang , Jin Zhiwen , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: April 2018

Perovskite single-crystalline wafer based photodetectors are prepared with broad photodetection, and show little degradation at high-temperature or with storage under ambient-conditions.
Ionic activation via a hybrid IL–SSE interfacial layer for Li–O2 batteries with 99.5% coulombic efficiency
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Ping , Wen Zhao-Yin , Zhang Tao
Published: April 2018

A Li–O2 battery with an in situ formed IL–SSE hybrid interfacial layer achieved 99.5% coulombic efficiency and a significantly improved capacity retention. The organic–inorganic hybrid layer exhibited ionic activation behavior through a dispersing redistribution and bridging process, revealing the beneficial interaction of IL and SSE in the cycling in safe IL–SSE-based Li–O2 batteries.
Proton conductive cationic nanoporous polymers based on smectic liquid crystal hydrogen-bonded heterodimers
Authors: Mulder Dirk-Jan , Liang Ting , Xu Yifei , ter Schiphorst Jeroen , Scheres Luc M. W. , Oosterlaken Bernette M. , Borneman Zandrie , Nijmeijer Kitty , Schenning Albertus P. H. J.
Published: April 2018

The fabrication of a cationic nanoporous smectic liquid crystal network (LCN) based on hydrogen bonded heterodimers is presented.
Plateau limit‐based tri‐histogram equalisation for image enhancement
Authors: Paul Abhisek , Bhattacharya Paritosh , Maity Santi P. , Bhattacharyya Bidyut Kr.
Published: April 2018

An adaptive plateau limit‐based histogram equalisation algorithm is suggested to enhance digital images. Histogram of the image is clipped with a plateau limit to avoid over enhancement. The plateau limit is derived from the average of the mean and the median intensity values to offer the improved enhancement. Clipped histogram is subdivided into three parts, using histogram subdivision limit parameters that are calculated on the basis of the standard deviation of the image. Histogram of individual sub‐image is equalised independently and then combined into a single enhanced image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed plateau limit‐based tri‐histogram equalisation algorithm enhances the image quality. Compared with the other traditional plateau and non‐plateau limit‐based histogram equalisation algorithms, quantitative and visual quality assessments effectively validate the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Discovery of a brown dwarf companion to the star HIP 64892
Authors: Cheetham A. , Bonnefoy M. , Desidera S. , Langlois M. , Vigan A. , Schmidt T. , Olofsson J. , Chauvin G. , Klahr H. , Gratton R. , D’Orazi V. , Henning T. , Janson M. , Biller B. , Peretti S. , Hagelberg J. , Ségransan D. , Udry S. , Mesa D. , Sissa E. , Kral Q. , Schlieder J. , Maire A.-L. , Mordasini C. , Menard F. , Zurlo A. , Beuzit J.-L. , Feldt M. , Mouillet D. , Meyer M. , Lagrange A.-M. , Boccaletti A. , Keppler M. , Kopytova T. , Ligi R. , Rouan D. , Le Coroller H. , Dominik C. , Lagadec E. , Turatto M. , Abe L. , Antichi J. , Baruffolo A. , Baudoz P. , Blanchard P. , Buey T. , Carbillet M. , Carle M. , Cascone E. , Claudi R. , Costille A. , Delboulbé A. , De Caprio V. , Dohlen K. , Fantinel D. , Feautrier P. , Fusco T. , Giro E. , Gluck L. , Hubin N. , Hugot E. , Jaquet M. , Kasper M. , Llored M. , Madec F. , Magnard Y. , Martinez P. , Maurel D. , Le Mignant D. , Möller-Nilsson O. , Moulin T. , Origné A. , Pavlov A. , Perret D. , Petit C. , Pragt J. , Puget P. , Rabou P. , Ramos J. , Rigal F. , Rochat S. , Roelfsema R. , Rousset G. , Roux A. , Salasnich B. , Sauvage J.-F. , Sevin A. , Soenke C. , Stadler E. , Suarez M. , Weber L. , Wildi F.
Published: April 2018

We report the discovery of a bright, brown dwarf companion to the star HIP 64892, imaged with VLT/SPHERE during the SHINE exoplanet survey. The host is a B9.5V member of the Lower-Centaurus-Crux subgroup of the Scorpius Centaurus OB association. The measured angular separation of the companion (1.2705 ± 0.0023”) corresponds to a projected distance of 159 ± 12 AU. We observed the target with the dual-band imaging and long-slit spectroscopy modes of the IRDIS imager to obtain its spectral energy distribution (SED) and astrometry. In addition, we reprocessed archival NACO L-band data, from which we also recover the companion. Its SED is consistent with a young (<30 Myr), low surface gravity object with a spectral type of M9γ ± 1. From comparison with the BT-Settl atmospheric models we estimate an effective temperature of Teff = 2600 ± 100 K, and comparison of the companion photometry to the COND evolutionary models yields a mass of ~29−37 MJ at the estimated age of 16−7+15 Myr for the system. The star HIP 64892 is a rare example of an extreme-mass ratio system (q ~ 0.01) and will be useful for testing models relating to the formation and evolution of such low-mass objects.
Orthomolekulare Medizin bei Erschöpfung
Authors: Feldhaus Simon
Published: April 2018

Knapp ein Drittel der deutschen Bevölkerung über 16 Jahren leidet unter den Symptomen von Erschöpfung. Während die heutigen Ernährungsgewohnheiten oft zu einer
verminderten Zufuhr bestimmter Mikronährstoffe führen, erhöhen Stress, starke Beanspruchung oder Krankheiten den Bedarf an Mikronährstoffen. Die integrative
Behandlung von Patienten mit Adrenal Fatigue mit einer Mikronährstofftherapie erzielt gute Ergebnisse, wobei eine individuelle Betrachtung und Diagnostik
zwingend notwendig sind. Eine therapeutisch dosierte Zufuhr, die weit über der offiziellen Zufuhrempfehlung liegt, ist bei der Behandlung meist notwendig.
Vegetarische Kostformen in der Kinderernährung? Eine Bewertung aus Pädiatrie und Ernährungswissenschaft
Authors: Kersting Mathilde , Kalhoff Hermann , Melter Michael , Lücke Thomas
Published: April 2018

Sich vegetarisch zu ernähren liegt im Trend. Und viele sich vegetarisch ernährende Eltern wünschen eine entsprechende Kost auch für ihre Kinder. Doch sind alle vegetarischen Kostformen für Schwangere, Stillende, Säuglinge, Kinder und Jugendliche gleichermaßen geeignet? Auf welche kritischen Nährstoffe sollen Eltern, Kinder- und Jugendärzte und Ernährungsfachkräfte achten? Auf diese Fragen und andere Aspekte wie wissenschaftlich basierte Ernährungskonzepte geht dieser Beitrag ein.
Latent Radical Cleavage of α-Allenylic C–O Bonds: Potassium Persulfate Mediated Thiolation of Allenylphosphine Oxides
Authors: Wu Lei , Luo Kai , Zhang Ling , Wei Kai , Yang Wen-Chao
Published: April 2018

A novel potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) mediated thiolation of allenylphosphine oxides with diaryl sulfides is disclosed. Mechanistic studies indicate that K2S2O8 homolyzes the diaryl sulfide to produce a thiyl radical (PhS•), which is followed by C–O bond cleavage of the allenylphosphine oxide under metal-free conditions, affording novel S,P-bifunctionalized butadienes in moderate to excellent yields.
DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction Complication Rate in Previously Irradiated Internal Mammary Nodes
Authors: Shechter Shirley , Arad Ehud , Inbal Amir , Friedman Or , Gur Eyal , Barnea Yoav
Published: April 2018

Background Postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) is a widely accepted treatment for locally advanced breast cancer. Some patients require additional boost radiation to the internal mammary nodes as the part of regional nodal irradiation (RNI). Delayed breast reconstruction with an autologous free flap using the internal mammary vessels for microvascular flap anastomosis is a common practice for these patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of RNI on autologous microvascular breast reconstruction.

Patients and Methods A retrospective study was performed on 57 patients (69 flaps) undergoing deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap for delayed breast reconstruction after radiation therapy. The study group included 37 patients (65%) who received PMRT and RNI to the internal mammary nodes. The control group included 20 patients (35%) who received PMRT alone. Early and delayed surgical complications, including wound complications, fat necrosis, and flap loss, were compared between the groups.

Results The patient demographics in both groups were similar. Complication rate showed a higher trend in the study group for flap loss (8.3% versus 0%) and vascular anastomosis failure (5.6% versus 0%), but with no statistical difference (p = 0.54, 0.53, respectively). The control group showed a higher trend in fat necrosis (25% versus 8.3%, p = 0.11).

Conclusions DIEP flap breast reconstructions with internal mammary vessels anastomosis should be performed with cautious in patients who had received RNI to internal mammary nodes because of potential added risk for surgical complications.
Advanced Imaging in the Diagnosis of Gout and Other Crystal Arthropathies
Authors: McQueen Fiona , Eshed Iris , Plagou Athena , Klauser Andrea , Teh James
Published: April 2018

In recent years significant advances have been made in imaging techniques. Dual-energy computed tomography has revolutionized the ability to detect and quantify gout. The key ultrasound features of gout have been defined. Magnetic resonance imaging is an excellent modality for demonstrating the extent and severity of crystal arthropathies, but the findings may be nonspecific. This article summarizes the use of advanced imaging techniques in the diagnosis and assessment of gout and other crystal arthropathies.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Participate in All Different Types of Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic Complications of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Pertiwi Kartika , van der Wal Allard , Pabittei Dara , Mackaaij Claire , van Leeuwen Marinus , Li Xiaofei , de Boer Onno
Published: April 2018

Acute coronary syndromes can be initiated by either atherosclerotic fibrous cap ruptures, superficial plaque erosions or intraplaque haemorrhages (IPHs). Since neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) display pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic properties, we investigated the presence, extent and distribution of neutrophils and NETs in different types of plaque complications in relation to the age of overlying thrombus mass or haemorrhage. Sixty-four paraffin-embedded coronary plaque segments of 30 acute myocardial infarction patients were retrieved from the autopsy archives, which contained 44 complicated plaques (17 IPHs, 9 erosions and 18 ruptures) and 20 intact plaques. Complicated plaques were further categorized according to the histological age of thrombus or haemorrhage. Immunohistochemistry was performed to visualize neutrophils (anti-myeloperoxidase, anti-elastase and anti-CD177) and NETs (anti-citrullinated histone-3 and anti-peptidyl-arginine-deiminase-4). The results were scored semi-quantitatively. Neutrophils and NETs were abundantly present in all types of complicated, but not in intact, plaques (p < 0.05). They were found in thrombus, haemorrhages and at the thrombus–plaque interface, with no significant differences in extent between ruptures, erosions and IPHs. Interestingly, adjacent perivascular tissue of complicated, but not of intact plaques, also contained high numbers of neutrophils and NETs (p < 0.05). In thrombus and haemorrhage of different age, neutrophils and NETs were more frequently present in non-organized (fresh) thrombi and in on-going IPHs. In conclusion, netosis is a prominent pro-thrombotic participant in all distinct types of atherothrombosis, which may facilitate the progression of thrombotic or haemorrhagic complications and thus the onset of ensuing clinical coronary ischemic syndromes.
Evaluation of Quality of Life: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy after Thoracic Sympathectomy for Palmar Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Dobosz Lukasz , Stefaniak Tomasz
Published: April 2018

Background Primary hyperhidrosis is a condition that significantly decreases the quality of life (QOL). Thoracic sympathectomy is safe and efficient method of treatment in palmar hyperhidrosis.

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the change in QOL in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis who underwent thoracic sympathectomy.

Methods The study includes 149 patients (37 men and 112 women) who were treated with bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy for primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Subjective and objective evaluation of hyperhidrosis were performed prior to the surgery, 3 and 12 months after the treatment. Control group consists of 305 healthy volunteers (118 men and 187 women). The QOL was measured using Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) scale.

Results The average level of palmar hyperhidrosis in the study group prior to surgery was 224.69 ± 179.20 mg/min/m2. General QOL (FACIT total) before the surgery was significantly lower in the study group when compared with the control group (66.57 ± 16.33 vs. 91.29 ± 11.13; p < 0.05). Three months after surgery level of hyperhidrosis decreased significantly and remained at similar level 12 months after the procedure (13.55 ± 15.41 mg/min/m2 p < 0.05 and 14.41 ± 18.19 mg/min/m2 p < 0.05, respectively). After thoracoscopic sympathectomy, the QOL increased and did not differ when compared with the control group 3 and 12 months after the surgery (90.28 ± 11.13 vs. 91.29 ± 11.13; p = 0.55 and 89.59 ± 11.34 vs. 91.29 ± 11.13; p = 0.84, respectively). The highest increase was observed in functional well-being domain (32.25%); however, it was also noticeable in other domains.

Conclusion Thoracic sympathectomy is an efficient method of treatment in palmar hyperhidrosis which significantly increases patients' QOL especially in a functional domain.
Tissue Engineering von Fettgewebe mittels bioabbaubaren Biomaterialien zur Weichteildefektdeckung
Authors: Klein Silvan , Aung Thiha , Haas Robert Michael , Medved Fabian , Schiller Stefan M. , Felthaus Oliver , Dolderer Jürgen H.
Published: April 2018

Bestehende Weichteildefekte nach Unfallverletzungen, onkologischen Tumorresektionen, kongenitalen Anomalien oder chronischen Wunden stellen eine zentrale
Herausforderung in der rekonstruktiven Chirurgie dar. Der derzeitige Goldstandard in der Therapie von Gewebedefekten besteht in der Gewebetrans plantation in
Form von freien oder lokalen Lappenplastiken. Limitierend ist jedoch die unumgängliche Morbidität an der Spenderstelle nach dem Gewebetransfer. Vor diesem
Hintergrund wurden in den letzten Jahren aufgrund der günstigen Gewebetextur und hohen Plastizität große Anstrengungen im Bereich des Tissue Engineerings von
vaskularisierten, langzeitstabilen autologen Fettgewebskonstrukten unternommen. Dabei stellt der enge Zusammenhang von Adipogenese und Angiogenese eine
entscheidende Hürde in der de novo Erzeugung von Fettgewebe dar. Eine besondere Rolle kommt hierbei bioabbaubaren Biomaterialien (Scaffolds) als Trägereinheiten
für Zellen und der damit verbundenen Zell-Matrix-Interaktion zu. Ein ideales Biomaterial sollte die Zellproliferation, -adhäsion und -differenzierung
unterstützen, und gleichzeitig unbedenklich in seiner Biokompatibilität sein. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit gewährt einen Überblick über derzeitige Ansätze
des Tissue Engineerings von Fettgewebe vor dem Hintergrund der aktuell verfügbaren Evidenz.

Die Problematiken bisheriger Modelle sind einerseits hohe Resorptionsraten der gezüchteten Gewebekonstrukte und andererseits der fehlende Nachweis von klinisch
relevanten Gewebevolumina. Das Tissue Engineering von Fettgewebe in einem Wachtumskammermodell in Kombination mit Scaffolds bietet eine weitere Möglichkeit zur
in vivo Gewebezüchtung. Hier zeigen aktuelle Ergebnisse, dass eine de novo Fettgewebezüchtung mit klinisch relevanten und langzeitstabilen Volumina in vivo
möglich ist. Dieses Modell besitzt, unserer Auffassung nach, das Potential die Therapie großer Weichteildefekte signifikant zu verbessern.
Amplification of wavelength-shifting soliton in active photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Yao Chuanfei , Jia Zhixu , Li Qing , Qin Guanshi , Hu Minglie , Ohishi Yasutake , Qin Weiping
Published: April 2018

We demonstrate the amplification of a wavelength-shifting soliton in an active photonic crystal fiber (PCF). When a redshifting soliton experiences optical gain in a certain spectral range in the active PCF, in addition to its amplification, the redshifting speed of the soliton is increased dramatically and the corresponding pulse width of the soliton can also be reduced down dramatically. The dramatical increase in the redshifting speed is due to the amplification and large pulse compression. Large pulse compression arises because of the self-reinforcing feature of the fundamental soliton during amplification. Furthermore, gain-induced deceleration of the optical soliton causes the collision between the soliton and its corresponding dispersive wave and the generation of the temporal analog of reflection of optical beams. Our experimental results coincided with the simulated results partly.