bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Status and Characteristics of Mountainous Fortresses for Entry into the Gangwon Region
Authors:   The Paek-San Society, Kim Jinhyung
Published: May 2024

‘Mountain’ means ‘high, rugged mountains.’ This mountainous terrain is one of the geographical features of the Gangwon region, and fortresses are located here and there in the mountains. In this paper, I would like to summarize the contents of fortresses in mountainous areas for entry among the mountain fortress data accumulated to date in the Gangwon region and briefly look at their characteristics.
The fortress to be discussed in this paper will be examined with a focus on ruins for which archaeological investigation has been conducted at least once. The ruins are seven fortresses, including Gwongeumsanseong in Sokcho, Hangyesanseong in Inje, Dootasanseong in Donghae, Samaksanseong in Chuncheon, Yeongwonsanseong in Wonju, and JeongyangsanseongㆍTaehwasanseong in Yeongwol.
The common characteristics of these fortresses are that they built walls using the rugged natural terrain (mountains) and used natural cliffs as walls to defend against invasion from the outside. The fortress wall surrounds the valley, making it easy to secure a water source, and is built in layers. Since the natural surface was used, the planar shape of the fortresses is not constant (irregular). In addition, the area of the mountain fortress is wide to maximize the living space inside, creating conditions for long-term staging. In addition, most of the mountain fortresses have historical facts related to the Khitan, Mongolia, etc., so they have something in common that shows national patriotism. Most of the artifacts excavated through archaeological investigations also correspond to this period. There is a study that shows that there is a lack of planning in the construction of mountain fortresses for entry in the Gangwon region. However, looking at the common characteristics of the fortresses mentioned above, it appears that there was sufficient planning. In addition, due to the rugged terrain, it is believed that it was only managed by the town police station in normal times, but when war broke out, it took on that role.
From literature and archaeological investigations, it is believed that most mountain fortresses in the Gangwon region were built for the purpose of staging a sit-in. It can be said that the fortresses were built during the Goryeo Dynasty and operated until the Joseon Dynasty. However, the outer castle of Jeongyangsanseong in Yeongwol is different in that it was built with walls in addition to the inner wall built during the Three Kingdoms period and was operated until the Joseon Dynasty, but the characteristics of castles in other mountainous terrains in the Gangwon region are similar.
For mountain fortresses in Korea, the English expressions “castle” and “fortress” are often used. In preparing this article, I believe that the large fortress wall located on the rugged mountainous terrain during the Goryeo Dynasty also had the meaning of “a shelter”.
Local elected officials and conflict of interest: Focusing on French judgements and implications of the 2022 revised law
Authors:   Korean Association For Corruption Studies, Kang Ji Eun
Published: May 2024

The issue of conflict between transparency and fairness and administrative efficiency and expertise has been also continuously raised in France. As part of an important recent reform, on the recommendation of the French High Commission for Public Transparency, the scope of Article 432-12 of Criminal law on obtaining illicit profits has been extended. The scope of the crime of obtaining benefits due to conflict of interest was confretely defined. In adition, through the adoption of the “3DS Act” in February 2022, standards for the discipline of conflict of interest situations were introduced. Before 3DS Act, many elected officials excluded themselves from such work due to the concerns that the legal framework would put them in a dangerous situation where they would be mistaken for corruption when performing official duties in external organizations. The law confirms the reform's commitment to address the situation of local elected officials on transparency issues related to the modification of the crime of obtaining unlawful gains as defined in the law of December 22, 2021.
One of the most important backgrounds for the enactment of Korean Conflict of Interest Prevention Act was the need to effectively manage conflicts of interest, especially for elected officials. There has been continued criticism of the need for effective sanctions against corruption activities by mmber of the Ntional Assembly and heads of local governments, in particular, compliance with the principles of disclosure and transparency regarding secretive local administration that receives less media attention and coverage over a relatively wide. Cases such as when the head of a public institution orders a construction project to his spouse, or when a high-ranking public official instructs the public institution to which he or she belongs to provide preferential treatment for his children, does not result in the direct benefit of the public official, but it does not accrue to his or her relatives or society. This is something that can definitely be influenced by indirect influence in relationships. In particular, in the case of elected officials, it is easy to be tempted to defend the interests of an organization or group in order to receive votes for re-election after their term of office. A comparative legal review of the French system provides useful implications for improving this legal system.
Study on Anti-Corruption of AI and Korean Real Estate
Authors:   Korean Association For Corruption Studies, Kim Kyung Dong
Published: May 2024

This study attempted to present discussions and directions regarding artificial intelligence(AI) and the prevention of corruption in Korean real estate. This Paper dealt with moral hazard, corruption prevention, and trust using real estate, the 4th industrial revolution(4IR), AI, and intelligent information technology as keywords. Prior research is focusing on economic utility and technical benefits related to AI and real estate. In contrast, this study pointed out the risk of moral hazard and corruption arising from the combination of AI and real estate, and conducted a paper to prevent moral hazard and corruption. In this respect, there is a difference between this study and existing previous studies. This is where the originality of this study appears. The results of this study on anti-corruption of AI and Korean real estate are as follows. As a result of the study, the problems of AI and Korean real estate, and anti-corruption were presented in three major categories: 1. AI and the problem of changing times, 2. Korean real estate and corruption problem, and 3. AI and real estate problem. In relation to this, this study largely derived three measures as implications of the research. The contents include, first, responses to the issues of AI and changing times, second, responses to Korean real estate and corruption issues, and third, measures to respond to AI and real estate issues. This study hopes to restore market trust through Artificial Intelligence(AI) and the prevention of corruption in Korean real estate, and to build a future where the benefits and utility provided by real estate, AI, and intelligent information technology are desirable.
A study on the impact of personnel fairness on organizational commitment and turnover intention of organizational members
Authors:   Korean Association For Corruption Studies, Min Kyoung Ryoul , Han Dong Sook
Published: May 2024

With the emphasis on fairness issues, the importance of fairness in personnel management for public servants is increasing. We examined the level of fairness in personnel management, from recruitment for public service to promotion, staffing, workload, and evaluation, and explored how fairness in personnel management affects organizational commitment and turnover intentions. Analyzing the results, firstly, the level of fairness in recruitment was the highest, and workload was the lowest. Secondly, perceived fairness in recruitment, promotion, workload, and evaluation positively influenced organizational commitment. Thirdly, perceived fairness in recruitment and workload was found to decrease turnover intentions. Based on these findings, implications were provided to enhance organizational commitment among members and reduce turnover intentions.
Horizontal oscillations of the wood sawing support during the cutting process in a wood sawing line using a vertical bandsaw
Authors: Son Hoang , Bảy Vu Khac , Tuong Tran Van , Truong Bui Le Hong , Tuan Luong Anh , Son Hoang Hai
Published: May 2024

The wooden trolley (in the sawing line using a vertical bandsaw) during work generally moves by iron wheels on two rails placed on the concrete floor. Due to the effect of noticeable cutting force applied by the saw blade and the vehicle's uneven weight on the wheels, it causes the vehicle to vibrate during the horizontal movement, affecting the stability of the wood sawing circuit. By modeling the problem of vibration of beams located on Winkler elastic foundations, subjected to mobile concentrated loads, the article has built a system of differential equations of vibration of two rails, giving an expression to calculate the vibration amplitude of the swan plane. The influence of the flexural rigidity EI of the rails and the elastic stiffness k of foundation on the vibration amplitude of the cutting plane is studied and analyzed. The use of the Dirac Delta function and the employed analytical solution allow the designers to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the calculated results.
Numerical and analytical models of the mechanism of torque and axial load transmission in a shock absorber for drilling oil, gas and geothermal wells
Authors: Landar Serhii , Velychkovych Andrii , Mykhailiuk Vasyl
Published: May 2024

The paper proposes an improved design of a shock absorber used in drilling deep oil and gas and geothermal wells with polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits. The proposed innovations successfully combat the dangerous phenomenon of self-excited vibrations, which can lead to malfunctions such as stick-slip and whirling of the drilling tool. Most conventional drill shock absorbers are designed to only absorb longitudinal vibrations, which was sufficient when using roller cutter bits for the drilling process. However, the design features of PDC bits and the phenomenon of interaction of their cutters with interlayered rocks during deep drilling impose new requirements on the properties of the drill shock absorber. To protect the downhole tool from abnormal torque values and torque oscillations, it is proposed to equip the shock absorber with a special torque transmission unit in the form of a fourteen-thread self-releasing screw pair. This unit is capable of transforming increases in external torque into increases in the force that loads the elastic element of the shock absorber. The numerical and analytical models of the mechanism of transferring external axial load and torque to the elastic element of the drill shock absorber are constructed. The distribution of contact pressures on the interacting surfaces of the screw pair and the distribution of equivalent stresses in the screw pair parts are analysed. The strength of the proposed drill shock absorber assembly was evaluated using the Huber-von Mises energy criterion. The dependence of the load transmitted to the elastic element of the shock absorber on changes in the external torque and external axial force is investigated. In general, it is determined that the external load is distributed evenly between all turns of the screw pair, and the limit state of the parts of the proposed assembly is not reached even under high-torque operating load. The obtained analytical dependencies will allow to effectively determine the required strength and stiffness of the elastic element of the drill shock absorber at the design stage. The obtained analytical results were verified using a finite element model.
In-Silico analysis of the structural and functional impact of SNPs in adhesion molecules associated with cardiovascular disease and the effect of potential phytochemicals on these molecules.
Authors: Hussain Mureed , Iqbal Muhammad Perwaiz , Imran Koukab , Mateen Rana Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Adhesion molecules are one of the most important proteins playing a major role in the regulationof cell migration, apoptosis, and survival. While adhesion molecules play a pivotal role inpreserving cellular matrix and tissue integrity, these molecules are also involved in thepathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The cell adhesion molecules are involved inatherosclerotic plaque progression, deposition of fibrotic tissue, and thrombus formation. Selectins-E and -P and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily ICAM-1 and ICAM-3 are the majorgroups of the adhesion molecules involved in cardiovascular diseases.In the current study, computational analysis was performed to understand the effects of missensemutations on the structure and functions of the adhesion molecules. The computational studiescan lead to a better understanding of the role of single nucleotide polymorphic mutations on thefunctions of adhesion molecules. The single nucleotide polymorphism data of adhesion moleculeswas retrieved from gnomAD v2.1.1. Only the missense SNPs were selected, and the 3D proteinstructures of the adhesion molecules were retrieved from AlphaFold. The 3D protein structures ofthe adhesion molecules were mutated using USCF Chimera 1.14.The comparison of structural stability, structural change, and interaction with ligands wasperformed between the wild-type and mutant adhesion molecules by several bioinformatics tools.The R458W mutant of ICAM-1 was found to be destabilizing the structure of the protein.Similarly, the V88M mutant of ICAM-3 and H468Y mutant of E-selectin (SELE), along withG179R and G727Q mutants of P-selectin (SELP) have also shown structural deviations ascompared to wild-type molecules. The R367C mutant of ICAM-1, P15L mutant of ICAM-3, andT756P mutant of SELP showed a significant change in the hydrogen bonding interactions withtheir respective ligands as compared to the wild-type protein interactions with a deviation from theoriginal binding free energies. No significant changes in the hydrogen bonding interactions wereobserved in the G179R and G727Q mutants of SELP.Moreover, phytochemicals data of several medicinal plants which were effective againstcardiovascular diseases was retrieved from the Indian Medicinal Plants, Photochemistry, andTherapeutics database. The molecular docking was performed to analyze the effects ofphytochemicals on adhesion molecules. The 3,29-Dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, aphytochemical of the Panax ginseng plant was found to have an inhibitory effect on the activesites of adhesion molecules ICAM-1, ICAM-3, SELE, and SELP. Furthermore, the results of thisstudy can be tested experimentally to confirm the effect of adhesion molecule mutations on theonset of cardiovascular diseases and the role of 3,29-Dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid as ageneral drug for the treatment of diseases caused by mutant adhesion molecules.
Updated NICE Cardiotocograph (CTG) Guideline: Is it Suspicious or Pathological?
Authors:   Director, Global Academy of Medical Education & Training, London, UK., Chandraharan Edwin
Published: May 2024

Cardiotocograph (CTG) trace was introduced into clinical practice in 1960s as a tool to record the changes in the fetal heart rate (cardio) in response to ongoing uterine contractions (toco). The intention was to timely recognise the features of fetal decompensation so that immediate action could be taken to avoid hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and/ or intrapartum hypoxia-related perinatal deaths, without increasing unnecessary operative interventions to the mother. However, very unfortunately, unlike other tools in clinical medicine, CTG was introduced into clinical practice without any randomised controlled trials or robust scientific studies not only to confirm its effectiveness, but to determine the CTG features which actually reflected fetal central organ oxygenation. This chasm of deficiency of knowledge of fetal physiology created a vacuum of understanding regarding what features were reflecting fetal compromise. Regrettably, this vacuum was soon filled by prominent obstetricians from national societies who were presumed to have the knowledge, but they began the arduous journey of classifying decelerations which are normal fetal cardioprotective reflexes, and they misclassified them as signs of “fetal distress”. Classification of these decelerations based on the observed morphology into “reassuring” and “nonreasoning” categories has resulted in disastrous consequences for women and babies. In the UK, since the publication of the first CTG guideline in 2001, due to continuing lack of knowledge and confusion, these guidelines were repetitively revised in 2007, 2014, 2017 and 2022. Despite the international consensus guidelines of physiological interpretation of CTG produced by 44 CTG experts from 14 countries which recommended classification of CTG traces based on the type of fetal hypoxia and fetal response to stress, the latest revised guideline produced by the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE), had continued the illogical approach of grouping arbitrary features into different categories and then randomly combining them to classify the CTG traces into “Normal, Suspicious and Pathological”. Therefore, all practising clinicians who are focussed on protecting their patients from harm have a responsibility to ask the question whether the revised NICE CTG Guideline itself is suspicious or pathological from a patient safety perspective.
A Study on ways to Improve the Ability of fire Special Judicial Police to Execute Their Duties Regarding Investigations
Authors:   Korea Safety Culture Society, Son Won Bae
Published: May 2024

This study focuses on fire special judicial police and measures to improve their ability to carry out their duties regarding investigations by securing expertise as the subject of investigation of violators of fire laws and regulations in the area of fire administration, improving the hiring system, establishing a unified investigation-only organization, and strengthening the education and training system. The purpose is to present. The research method was an exploratory analysis of related previous research papers, statistical yearbooks such as the National Fire Agency, operation cases in foreign countries such as the United States, various government reports, homepages of Korean government ministries, and media reports. As a result of the analysis, there are only a very small number of personnel dedicated to investigative work, most of them hold other positions concurrently, the investigative position does not have a division-level structure, so independence is not secured, there is no public recruitment or special recruitment system for fire chiefs or lower to perform front-line investigative work, and no training for job training. Course opening was also insufficient. In conclusion, avoid the new investigative field recruitment or special recruitment system and rotational personnel system, designate the fire and special judicial police duties as a specialized field, ensure job continuity, establish a unified organization, develop a job training course, and complete at least 6 months of professional training. The introduction of an education system should be implemented quickly.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Degree of Harm after Fall Incidents in the Eldery in General Hospitals
Authors:   Korea Safety Culture Society, Yoon Sook Hee
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the degree of harm after falls for the elderly aged 60 or older in general hospitals and to provide basic data for the development of intervention programs to prevent fall incidents. The study method analyzed a total of 3,459 fall incidents using patient safety reporting data, and conduct descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis using the SPSS 26.0 program. The study results showed the factors that affecting moderate to severe injuries after a fall incidents were woman in gender(odds ratio=1.51, 95% CI: 1.24-1.84, p<.001), age group of 80years or older(odds ratio=1.51, 95% CI: 1.19-1.93, p=.001), psychiatry(odds ratio=2.31, 95% CI: 1.28-4.17, p=.005), medical institutions with 500beds or more(odds ratio=2.04, 95% CI: 1.34-3.13, p=.001), and medical institutions with 200 or more beds and less than 500beds(odds ratio=1.73, 95% CI: 1.13-2.64, p=.011). Based on this study results, there is a need for medical institutions to provide periodic fall prevention education to patients and staff, identify risk factors for falls, and continuously improve the environment.
Proposition of Countermeasures for Social Welfare Facilities in Response to Implementation of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act: Focusing on Senior Clubs, Senior Employment Support Agencies
Authors:   Korea Safety Culture Society, Youn Ki Hyok , Kang Seung Joo , Lee Seung Hun
Published: May 2024

The Serious Accidents Punishment Act was expanded to apply to all workplaces with five or more employees on January 27, 2024. This paper examines the major legal issues surrounding senior employment support agencies, especially senior clubs, which are social welfare facilities particularly vulnerable to major accidents, and proposes organizational countermeasures for preventing major accidents. To this end, this paper analyses the main contents of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act through academic literatures, and reviews various legal principles and key issues related to the implementation of the Act on senior clubs through the case laws. This paper aims to seek effective preventive measures and responses to the accidents that occur in senior clubs. The research revealed that the characteristics of senior clubs include continuous increasing trend in the number of elderly participants in senior job programs, full-time employments more than three hundred employees, various types of business operations such as public service, social service, and private business, and continuous occurrence of dangerous accidents. The key issues of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act relevant to the senior clubs are identifying an employee with legal responsibility, types of business subject to the Act, establishment of a dedicated occupational health and safety board appropriate to the type of business, a joint penal provision, and punitive damages. This paper proposes the following responsive measures for senior clubs in response to the implementation of the Act; changing employees’ perspective towards the Serious Accidents Punishment Act, building a health and safety management system reflecting characteristics of senior clubs, utilizing scientific risk management techniques in establishing a health and safety management system and support and management from the Ministry of Health and Welfare as well as local governments.
Year Five Pupils’ Perception Towards Higher Order Thinking Skills in Learning Mathematics
Authors: Ying Shian Tay , Rosli Roslinda
Published: May 2024

Higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) are the cognitive skills that mathematics should apply to fulfil current needs. Unfortunately, Mathematics achievement in Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) has shown that the thinking ability of Malaysian pupils still needs improvement. Identifying pupils' perceptions of implementing HOTS in mathematics is essential. Thus, this study was conducted to determine Year Five pupils' perception towards implementing HOTS in terms of attitude, readiness and belief in Mathematics learning, as well as the differences in these three aspects based on gender. The survey study involved 142 Year Five pupils at a Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (SJKC) in Johor Bahru district. The instrument used in this study is a questionnaire. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 27. The descriptive statistical analysis results found that pupils’ perception towards HOTS in Mathematics in terms of Attitude and readiness are moderate. At the same time, pupils' perception towards HOTS in mathematics in terms of belief is high. The Mann-Whitney U test results found a significant difference in pupils’ attitudes towards HOTS in Mathematics based on gender. However, this study showed no significant difference in student’s readiness and belief towards HOTS in Mathematics based on gender. This study brings implications for educators in schools to realise the importance of modifying HOTS teaching practices by considering pupils’ perceptions.
The Best Self and the Ordinary Self: The Free Play of Consciousness in Felix Holt, the Radical and Culture and Anarchy
Authors: Tan Kunyu
Published: May 2024

While there is a persistent argument for the disjunctive nature of the double plots in Felix Holt, the Radical (1866), this article aims to alter this account by suggesting that Eliot’s novel is a coherent narrative about the different fates and the crisscrossing actions of the best selves and the ordinary selves. This contention is supported by putting the novel in dialogue with Matthew Arnold’s Culture and Anarchy (1869) and arguing for their common emphasis on the importance of active thinking, or in Arnold’s term, “the free play of consciousness.” In her novel, Eliot portrays the trio of Arnoldian best selves who exercise active thinking, including Felix, Esther, and Rev. Lyon, among a multitude of ordinary selves. Yet she also transcends Arnold by highlighting the role of action in one’s transformation into the best self and depicting three different types of egoism. Specifically, although Arnold emphasizes the importance of thinking in acquiring a better principle of action, Eliot gives equal weight to action in one’s development into perfection. Moreover, while Arnold denounces strong individualism and materialism in his social criticism, Eliot goes a step further by portraying three different types of egoism.
Hands at Our Throats, Nails in Their Heads: The Holy Vengeance of Women in Hawthorne and Gentileschi
Authors: Silver Ariel Clark
Published: May 2024

Deeply informed by the work of Artemisia Gentileschi, Hawthorne wrestles with narratives of female vengeance found in canonical and deuterocanonical sources as he moves from his earlier romances to his final published oeuvre, The Marble Faun. His allusions to biblical women seeking retribution in The Blithedale Romance are magnified when he moves from transcendental New England to Catholic Italy. In the Book of Judith and the Book of Judges, female figures of holy vengeance wield weapons of righteous anger to redress the repeated violations they are forced to endure. When Hawthorne encounters these figures painted on canvas in the Uffizi, he reconsiders the art of recrimination for women who have been wronged by men who have political, religious, or artistic power. The aesthetic restraint of Gentileschi inspires an even more audacious approach from Hawthorne in The Marble Faun. Where Artemisia works to contain her retaliation within the canvas, the figure of Miriam rejects such boundaries, insisting instead on holy vengeance outside the studio. Painted treatments of revenge spill into real-life acts of bloody retribution. Hawthorne then insists on one more radical shift, from parricide to piety, taking the hands of death in Judith, Jael, and the works of Gentileschi and transforming them into the hands of life. In the figure of Miriam, Hawthorne converts the fatal vengeance of violated women into the wellspring of their spiritual possibility.
Unraveling the antimicrobial activity of nutmeg and turmeric essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp.
Authors: ROMEIRO Paula Fredericci Ribeiro , COELHO Alessandra Silva , ALMEIDA Jaqueline Milagres de , ALONSO Vanessa Pereira Perez , PRATA Ana Silvia , CRIPPA Bruna Lourenço , SILVA Nathalia Cristina Cirone
Published: May 2024

The consumer demand for a reduction in the use of synthetic additives in food has been providing a greater search and incentive for the food industries to use new alternatives for food preservation. Among them, there is the initiative to use essential oils (EOs) due to their antimicrobial properties, coming from specific compounds in their compositions. However, in view of limitations related to the use of EOs, as well as their susceptibility to oxidation and degradation, the possibility arises of employing protection methods such as microencapsulation to minimize the impairment of the benefits associated with the application of EOs. This study aimed to examine the antimicrobial effect of turmeric and nutmeg EOs against microbial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp., as well as the microparticles of the EOs involved. Analyses of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and the developed microparticles, as well as the verification of the synergistic inhibitory action between these oils, were carried out. For free oils, antimicrobial action was evidenced against the vast majority of microorganisms tested, with free nutmeg EO having a better antimicrobial effect than free turmeric oil. In contrast, for encapsulated oils, only antimicrobial action was noted against strains of Listeria. Furthermore, the synergism of free oils did not potentiate the antimicrobial action. Regarding the alternative of microencapsulation of EOs, it was obtained that the results in which chitosan was used as wall material were more promising than when gelatin was used as wall material.
Book Review: FROM PAST TO PRESENT: UKRAINIANS AND UKRAINE
Authors:   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Turkish-Kazakh Universit, KANAPIYANOVA Zh.
Published: May 2024

Yılmaz, Salih, et.all (Ed.). From Past to Present: Ukrainians and Ukraine. Nobel Press, 2024. pp.312.
Artificial Intelligence In Clinical Settings: Improving the practice of medicine and surgery
Authors: Shaikh Khalil Ahmed , Shaikh Muhammad Kashif , Karim Imran , Shah Syed Zulfiquar Ali , Jahanghir Syed , Bansari Muskan Kumari
Published: May 2024

A lot of people use the term medical technology refer to a wide range of resources that can help doctors give patients and society an improved standard of life by finding problems earlier, preventing complications, simplifying treatments, making them more effective, and cutting down on the length of hospital stays.1 In the past, medical technologies were mostly standard medical devices like implants, prosthetics and stents2. But cell phones, wearable tech, detection devices, and technology for communication have wholly transformed medical by letting clinicians carry around minimal tools driven by artificial intelligence (AI), such as apps. AI has changed the way medical technology works, and most people think of it as the part of the computer science field that can solve hard problems and find many uses in areas with lots of data but only a little theory3.
Clinical Evaluation of Impact of Acrylic Partial Dentures on the periodontal conditions of abutments
Authors: Naeem Sajid , Saleem Nida , Ahmed Rana Ammar , Kashif Talha , Ghous Hafiz Shah Muhammad , Hamid Tayyaba , Qamar Khezran
Published: May 2024

Aim: To evaluate the impact of wearing removable partial dentures on the periodontal health of abutments and find outtheage and gender association. Study design: Descriptive case series. Place and duration: Prosthodontic department of Lahore Medical and Dental College Lahore, from15th January till 15thJuly 2023. Methodology: A total of 70 patients of both genders participated in the study. Removable dentures were delivered to the patients and they were recalled after one month of denture insertion to evaluate the abutment health, gingival recession was checked in terms of its presence or absence, plaque and gingival health index assessment were done using Loe and Silness index. Tooth mobility was checked by using Millar’s classification. Mean and SD was computed for quantitative data. Age and gender correlation was assessed using Pearson Chi -square test. Significant level was set to p<0.05. Results: A total 41.4%males and 58.6% females were selected. A total of 68.6% maxillary partial dentures whereas 31.4% mandibular partial dentures were inserted. Gingival health index showed maximum patients with good health 57.1%. Dental plaque index of maximum patients 77.1% fell under zero score. Tooth mobility score of zero was frequently found in abutments 78.6%. Gingival recession around the abutments after one month of denture insertion was found in 15.7%whereas 84.3% abutments remained healthy. Association of Gingival index, plaque index, tooth mobility and gingival recession with gender did not show statistical significance however with respect to age significant results were obtained. Tooth mobility had no association with age. Conclusion: Removable partial dentures use does not disturb the periodontal health of abutments if well fabricated dentures are provided and good oral hygiene maintenance protocolsare followed. Patients’ education regarding denture use along with regular recall visits are of utmost importance. Keywords: Abutment, Acrylic dentures, dental plaque, Removable partial dentures, Periodontal health, periodontal diseases.
Prescription Pattern in patients with Acute Tonsillitis, attending Outpatient Department
Authors: Khan Tahir Hussain , Shaikh Irfan Ahmed , Memon Muhammad Jamil , Rahim Danishur , Siddiqui Tariq Zia , Ibrahim Mukhtar , Saleem Bisma
Published: May 2024

Background: Acute tonsillitis is a major health problem among children and adults which is badly effects the quality of life. Aim: To determine the antimicrobial prescription pattern in patients with acute tonsillitis, attending ENT OPD of Kulsumbai Valika, Social Security, Post Graduate Teaching Hospital Karachi.. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients attending the outpatient of ENT, with acute tonsillitis. Study was conducted in Outpatient of ENT department of Kulsumbai Valika Social Security S.I.T.E. Hospital, Karachi. from 1st January 2023 to 31st December 2023. Data collection was done from the prescription of each patient. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 210 acute tonsillitis patients, with 116(55.23%) were male. Mean number of the drugs in prescription 4±1.4. All the prescriptions included antimicrobials, 185(88%), and NSAIDs. Amoxicillin / Clavulanic acid (24.8%) and Ceftriaxone (12.2%) were the most commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Parenteral route was preferred in 113(53.8%). None of the patients was offered culture or sensitivity test of the microorganisms. Practical implication: Acute tonsillitis patients admitted and started parenteral antibiotic along with anti-inflammatory drugs. Conclusion: Antimicrobials thosewere prescribed in almost all cases of acute tonsilitis, and most frequently prescribed were Amoxicillin / Clavulanic acid and Cefixime. Injectable antibiotics were also prescribed very frequently. Most of the patients were given just one antibiotic. This study findings highlighted the gaps the rational practices in drug prescribing for acute tonsilitis. Keywords: Acute tonsillitis, Amoxicillin,antimicrobials, Clavulanic acid, Cefixime, prescription.
Trends in Maternal Mortality in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Qadir Maimoona
Published: May 2024

Background: Maternal mortality is an extremely devastating event for family, surviving children, hospital staff and community. Aim: To analyse the rate, demography, causes and timing of maternal deaths in a tertiary care hospital of Mardan. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in Gynaecology Department, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan from January 2016 to December 2020. All patients received in the study period were included and counted and causative factors of maternal deaths were recorded. A predesigned proforma was used for collection of data from the medical records. SPSS 23.0 was employed for data analysis. Results: MMR of 657.7/100,000 live births was recorded. Most of the deaths (50%) were in 21-30 years age group, followed by 31-40 years age group (26%).34(39%) patients were multigravidas,27(31%) were primigravidas and 26(30%) were grand multigravidas.72(82.7%) were booked and 15(17%) were unbooked cases. Haemmorhage was responsible for 39(45%) maternal deaths, Hypertensive disorders ±HELLP caused 21(24%), Sepsis and thromboembolism caused 7(8%) each, cardiac diseases 5(5.7%), anesthesia complicated 3(3.4%), Anaphylaxis and hepatic encephalopathy lead to 2(2.2%) each, and epilepsy caused 1 maternal death. Most (44%) maternal deaths occurred in 6-12 hours of admission. Conclusion: The common causes of maternal mortality are haemmorhage, hypertensive disorders, sepsis and thromboembolism. Improvement of the maternity units in tertiary care facilitiesis need of the day and awareness of the general population is strongly favored to reduce or prevent maternal mortalities. Keywords: Maternal Mortality, Eclampsia, Postpartum Haemmorhage, Hypertension, Thromboembolism, Sepsis.
Acetabular Fracture; its Management and Early Functional Outcome
Authors: Inam Muhammad , Palh Hussain Bux , Raza Tauseef , Alam Farhad , Ahmed Irshad , Abidi Syed Abdur Rub
Published: May 2024

Aim: To evaluate the functional results of open reduction and rigid internal fixation with Reconstruction plates and screws in acetabular fractures Methods: This prospective case series study was carried out on 47 consecutive patients, of either gender and age ranging from 18 to 60 years, who presented with an acetabular fracture within a month of injury at the Orthopedic and Trauma Department of the Medical Teaching Institute Lady Reading Hospital (LRH) in Peshawar, Pakistan, from January 2018 to September 2023. Excluded from the research were patients receiving traction therapy with a trochanteric pin for an open fracture. A non-probabilistic sequential sampling method was applied. Clinical grading followed D'aubigne and Postel's guidelines, with Matta's modifications. We measured range of motion, pain, and gait. Results: There were 47 patients in total, ages ranging from 20 to 60, with an average age of 37.52. there were 31 males (66.0%) and 16 females (33%). In 19(40.4%) patients, 5(10.6%) patients have physical violence and 23(48.9%) of the patients, the cause of injury was a road traffic collision. Our study shows that of the patients, 29(61.7%) were involved on the right side and 18(38.3%) on the left. In five (10.6%) of the instances, there was plate loosing. It is shown that 24(51.1%) cases, excellent outcomes were attained, in 15(31.9%) case good, 5(10.6%) cases fair, 3(6.4%) cases poor outcome were attained. Conclusion: According to Matta Grading, all acetabular fractures, including those involving osteoporotic bone, respond excellently to rather well to open reduction and internal fixation using a 3.5-millimeter reconstruction plate and screws. Keywords: Acetabulam, Fracture, Internal fixation, Open Reduction, Rigid Fixation.
Association of Different Risk Factors with Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children
Authors: Khalid Novera , Raza Afsheen Batool , Javed Aimen
Published: May 2024

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) arises from an imbalance in the body's iron production and demand, making it a prevalent form of anemia in children. While its causes are varied, many contributing factors to IDA are adjustable. If identified and addressed promptly, these factors can be modified to improve both immediate and extended health effects in children. 13It is an established fact that iron is an important component for growth of body and our nervous system. IDA in children may permanently disturb their sensory and cognitive ability. It is therefore important to determine its risk factors to ensure early screening and prevention among children. Aim and Objective: To determine correlation of different risk factors with Iron deficiency Anemia. Material and Methods: This case-control study, comprising 150 participants in each group, was carried out in the Pediatric department of Jinnah Hospital Lahore over a nine-month period, spanning from May 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023. Inclusion criteria involved children aged between 6 months and 12 years. Non-Probability consecutive sampling was employed to collect data, with informed consent obtained from parents/guardians. A pre-designed proforma was utilized for data collection. Statistical analysis using SPSS v.22 involved calculating mean and standard deviation for quantitative data, and presenting frequency and percentages for categorical data. Risk assessment and association were determined using odds ratio and chi-square tests, with a p-value below 5% considered significant.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validates the Clinical Accuracy of the Mcmurray's Test in Diagnosing Medial Meniscal Tears
Authors: Ahmad Ziyad , Farid Muhammad Imran , Khalil Muhammad Taha , Wajid Fazli , Khan Amanullah , Abidi Syed Abdur Rub , Nayyer Zain , Ullah Nada , Inam Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Background: A physical examination method to find medial meniscal tears is the McMurray's test. The purpose of this research was to evaluate how effectively the McMurray's test can identify medial meniscal tears in a clinical situation that have been verified by MRI. However, arthroscopic evaluation is now replacing the traditional methods. Aim: To determine diagnostic accuracy of McMurray's test is in diagnosing Medial Meniscal knee injuries. Methods: This prospective case series study was conducted in the department of Orthopedic MTI Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar on 100 consecutive patients who received an MRI for suspected medial meniscal tears between August 2022 and July 2023. Each patient underwent the McMurray's test, and the findings were compared to those of the MRI scans. Positive and negative predictive values, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the McMurray test, were calculated. The McMurray test was performed on all patients to check for meniscal tears, and arthroscopy was then performed on the affected knees to evaluate the accuracy of the test. Results: Overall, one hundred patients took part in the study. There were 65 males and 35 females among the patients. There was a wide range of ages represented in the group, from 18 to 75. A total of 45 out of the 100 cases were young adults. The mean age was 31.46, while the standard deviation was 9.12 years. Participants of all ages were involved in the study. Forty-seven patients (47%) were in the 18-30 age range, 25(25%) were in the 31-45 age range, 19(19%) were in the 46-60 age range, and 9(9%) were in the 61-75 age range. In 100 patients MRI and McMurray tests can diagnose medial meniscal abnormalities. According to the study, the sensitivity of McMurray's test is 62.9%, the specificity is 81.6%, the positive predictive value is 84.8%, and the negative predictive value is 57.4%. Practical Implication: McMurray's Test is a good alternative to MRI for diagnosis of medial meniscus in areas where the facility of imaging is not available. Conclusion: The McMurray's test is a good clinical method for detecting medial meniscal tears that has been verified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Keywords: McMurray test, meniscal tears, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, arthroscopy, accuracy.
Super Slender Axe (SSA) Terbiye Sisteminin M × M 14 ve Gisela 6 Anaçları Üzerindeki Performansı
Authors: Soysal Dilek
Published: May 2024

Kiraz dünyada ve ülkemizde üretimi ve ticareti yapılan önemli bir türdür. Dünya’da son 50-60 yılda geliştirilen bodur ve yarı bodur anaçlar ile yeni terbiye sistemleri kiraz bahçelerinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye’de ise kiraz yetiştiriciliğinin büyük bir çoğunluğu yarı kuvvetli ve kuvvetli anaçlar ve geleneksel sistemler ile yapılmaktadır. Ülkemizde yeni terbiye sistemleri henüz deneme aşamasındadır. Bu çalışma 2021 ve 2022 yıllarında Samsun’un Bafra ilçesi’nde Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarımsal Uygulama Merkezi’ne ait deneme bahçesinde yürütülmüştür. Denemede Super Slender Axe (SSA) terbiye sistemi ile Ma×Ma14 ve Gisela 6 (Gi6) anacı üzerine aşılı ‘0900 Ziraat’ çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Denemede, fenolojik gözlemler, meyve ağırlığı (g), meyve eni (mm), suda çözünür kuru madde içeriği (SÇKM, %), meyve eti sertliği (kg.cm-2), ağaç başına (kg. ağaç-1) ve dekara verim (kg. da-1), meyve rengi (L, C, Ho), ağaç boyu (m), hasat süresi (dk. kg-1) ve budama süreleri (dk) belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Gi6 anacı üzerindeki ağaçların daha erken çiçeklenip meyve verdikleri, bu anaç üzerindeki meyvelerin daha iri ve verimlerinin de Ma×Ma14’e göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada hasat ve budama sürelerinin Gi6 anacı üzerindeki ağaçlarda M×M14’e göre daha kısa olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmadaki bu sonuçlar ile SSA sisteminin yarı bodur anaçlar üzerinde daha iyi performans gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur.
Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi Fındık Plantasyonlarında Verim ve Kalitenin İyileştirilmesi Üzerine Araştırmalar
Authors: İslam Ali , Turan Ali , Serdar Ümit , Tonkaz Tahsin , Akar Aysun , Karagöl Selim
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı yaşlanmaya yüz tutmuş fındık bahçelerinde rehabilitasyon uygulamalarının verim ve kalite üzerine etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Çalışma 2017-2020 yılları arasında Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde yer alan 4 ilde (Trabzon, Giresun, Ordu ve Samsun) yürütülmüştür. Her ilde 4 da büyüklüğünde 5 er bahçe seçilerek kontrol ve uygulama olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Kontrol bahçelerinde herhangi bir uygulama yaptırılmamış, üreticiler daha önce uyguladığı geleneksel yöntemlerle yetiştiriciliğe devam etmiştir. Rehabilitasyon bahçesinde ise fındık tarımının gerektirdiği kültürel uygulamalar takip edilmiştir. Her üretici bahçesinde budama, gübreleme, mücadele yapılmıştır. Hasat döneminde kontrol ve rehabilitasyon bahçelerinden temsili, rastgele örnekleme yapılmış olup, bu bahçelerin verim ve kalite özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Böylece her iki uygulama verim ve kalite bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. Verim ve meyve özelliklerinde 2019 ve 2020 yılı değerleri kullanılmıştır. Bahçelerde bitki başına verim, gövde kesit alanına verim ile meyve kalite özellikleri incelenmiştir. Tüm bahçeler dikkate alındığında rehabilitasyon uygulamalarının geleneksel uygulamalara göre verimde %57,2 oranında artış meydana getirdiği ve rehabilitasyonun meyve kalite kriterlerini de önemli oranda artırdığı ifade edilebilir. Kontrol grubunda meyve ağırlığı 2.04 g iken rehabilitasyon grubunda ortalama değer 2.11 g olarak elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak üreticilerin, üretim tekniklerini yerinde ve zamanında uygulaması ile fındık veriminde önemli artışlar sağlanacağı ve dünya fındık üretiminde Türkiye’nin yerinin daha da güçleneceği ifade edilebilir.