bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Denosumab-Induced Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (DRONJ): A 5-Year Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kim JaeYeon , Jung Seoyeon , Park Jin Hoo , Kim Hyung-Jun , Park Wonse
Published: January 2022

Denosumab (Dmab) has been suggested as a first-line therapy for osteoporotic patients. However, a standardized protocol for the prevention of Dmab induced medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has not yet been established. Thus, we investigated the factors that can affect Dmab induced MRONJ (DRONJ) to elucidate the relationship between invasive dental treatment and Dmab administration in patients who underwent Dmab and invasive dental treatment (especially tooth extraction) between October 2016 and March 2020. Four of the 98 patients developed MRONJ before and after tooth extraction. Two out of 4 patients developed MRONJ regardless of invasive treatment after Dmab administration and proceeded with extraction, and one patient developed DRONJ after Dmab administration and extraction. The other patient underwent a tooth extraction without osteoporosis treatment, and spontaneous DRONJ developed after Dmab administration. All MRONJ/DRONJ cases reported in this study show that MRONJ/DRONJ can develop as chronic inflammation without invasive dental treatment, therefore, implementing preventive dental treatment before initiating Dmab treatment is necessary to reduce the likelihood of DRONJ.
Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk-prediction Model for HBP in Elderly Patients With NAFLD From a Health Management Perspective
Authors: Luo Xin , Zhang An , Pan Hong , Shen Xinxin , Liu Baocheng , Li Dong , Sun Jijia
Published: January 2022

Objective: Elderly patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are at a higher risk of developing high blood pressure (HBP) and having a low quality of life. This study established an effective, individualised, early HBP risk-prediction model and proposed health management advice for the ³60 patients with NAFLD in Shanghai, China.Methods: Questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and biochemical tests were conducted on 7,319 cases of sample data. Risk factors were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) model and random forest (RF) model. A risk-prediction model was established using logistic regression analysis and dynamic nomogram was drawn. The model was evaluated for discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), net reclassification index (NRI), and external validation.Results: The results suggested the model showed moderate predictive ability. The area under curve (AUC) of internal validation was 0.707 (95% CI: 0.688-0.727), the external validation AUC was 0.688 (95% CI: 0.672-0.705). The calibration plots showed good calibration, the risk threshold of the decision curve was 30-56%, and the NRI value was 0.109.Conclusion: This HBP risk factor model may be used in clinical practice to predict the HBP risk in NAFLD patients.
H3K27me3 at Pericentromeric Heterochromatin is a Defining Feature of the Early Mouse Blastocyst
Authors: Pailles Mélanie , Hirlemann Mélanie , Brochard Vincent , Chebrout Martine , Oudin Jean-François , Jouneau Alice , Bonnet-Garnier Amélie
Published: January 2022

Early mouse development is characterized by structural and epigenetic changes at the chromatin level while cells progress towards differentiation. At blastocyst stage, the segregation of the three primordial lineages is accompanied by establishment of differential patterns of DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones, such as H3K27me3. In this study, we have analysed the dynamics of H3K27me3 at pericentromeric heterochromatin (PCH) during development of the mouse blastocyst, in comparison with cultured embryonic cells. We show that this histone modification is first enriched at PCH in the whole embryo and evolves into a diffuse distribution in epiblast during its specification and maturation. Concomitantly, the level of transcription from major satellite decreases. Stem cells derived from blastocyst (naïve ESCs and TSCs) do not fully maintain the H3K27me3 enrichment at PCH. Moreover, the dynamic of H3K27me3 at PCH during in vitro conversion from naïve to primed pluripotent state and during ESCs derivation suggests that the mechanisms underlying the control of this histone mark at PCH are different in embryo and in vitro. We also conclude that the non-canonical presence of H3K27me3 at PCH is a defining feature of embryonic cells in the young blastocyst before epiblast segregation.
Comparison of Convolutional Neural Networks Based Method and LCmodel on the Quantification of in Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Yu-Long , Lin Yi-Ru , Tsai Shang-Yueh
Published: January 2022

Quantification of metabolites concentrations in institutional unit (IU) for between subject and long-term comparison is considered important strategy in the applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The aim of this study is to investigate if metabolite concentrations quantified by convolutional neuronal network (CNN) based method associated with a proposed scaling procedure can reflect variations of the metabolite concentrations in institution unit (IU) at different brain regions with different signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and linewidth (LW). An error index based on standard error (SE) is proposed to indicate the confidence levels on the prediction for metabolites. In vivo MRS spectra were collected at 3 brain regions from 44 subjects at 3T system. Metabolite concentrations in IU quantified by LCModel and CNN from 44 subjects were compared. For in vivo spectra characterized under different spectral quality in terms of SNR and LW, line narrowing and noise free spectra were successfully exported by CNN. Concentrations of five metabolites quantified by CNN and LCModel are in similar range with statistically significant Pearson’s correlation coefficients (0.28~0.70). SE of the metabolites show positive correlation with Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) (r=0.60) and with absolute CRLB (r=0.84). In conclusion, the CNN based method with the proposed scaling procedures can be used to quantify in vivo MRS spectra. The concentrations of five major metabolites were reported in IU, which are in the same range as those quantified using a routine MRS quantification procedures by LCModel. The SE can be used as error index indicating predicted uncertainties for metabolites with the information similar to the absolute CRLB.
Unified Phase Field Theory Based on the Interaction of Positive and Negative Magnetic poles and Analysis of ATLAS, CMS Experiment at the LHC
Authors: wu xianjin
Published: January 2022

This article assumes that the elementary particle is a magnetic pole field formed by the interaction of positive and negative magnetic poles and believes that gravity, electromagnetic forces, strong forces and weak forces are all produced by the interaction of positive and negative magnetic poles. The collision of the high-energy elementary particles appears as a strong force, the decay of the high-energy elementary particles appears as a weak force, the cohesive force of the high-energy elementary particle magnetic pole field (the gravitational field) to its magnetic pole is gravity, and the spin force of the high-energy elementary particle magnetic pole field in the external field (the gravitational field) is the electromagnetic force. This article discusses a high-energy proton-antiproton collision experiment based on the interaction of positive and negative magnetic poles and reveals the production mechanism of protonium, tauium, muonium, positronium, three generations of leptons and neutrinos, and the final state. This article explains the unification of the strong force, weak force, electromagnetic force and gravity with unified phase field theory and tests this theory by the ATLAS and CMS experimental data at the LHC. The data of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC are completely consistent with the calculated data of the phase field curvature tensor equation. Differential geometric variables are covariant with physical variables. The Lagrangian function of Einstein's mass-energy equation, the Lagrangian function of the Schrodinger particle differential motion wave function based on the theory of relativity, the Lagrangian density of the Young-Mills gauge field equation, and the planet phase difference momentum-energy tensor of the curvature tensor equation are completely consistent in the high-energy proton-antiproton collision experiment. These results fully prove that the unified phase field theory is more in line with the physical reality of the high-energy proton-antiproton collision experiment.
Surgical and Functional Outcomes on Omitting Cortical Renorrhaphy During Robot-Assisted Versus Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: A Match-Paired Analysis
Authors: Kubota Masashi , Yamasaki Toshinari , Murata Shiori , Abe Yohei , Tohi Yoichiro , Mine Yuta , Hagimoto Hiroki , Kokubun Hidetoshi , Suzuki Issei , Tsutsumi Naofumi , Inoue Koji , Kawakita Mutsushi
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To assess surgical and functional outcomes in comparison of cortical renorrhaphy omitting, robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (CRO-RAPN), and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (CRO-LPN).
Methods

Between July 2012 and June 2020, patients with localized clinical T1-2 renal masses who underwent CRO-RAPN or CRO-LPN were reviewed. The outcomes of the CRO-RAPN and CRO-LPN groups were compared using propensity score matching. Trifecta was defined as negative surgical margin, less than 25 minutes of warm ischemic time, and no complications of Clavien-Dindo grade III or more until three months postoperatively. Preservation rate of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated at six months postoperatively.
Results

A total of 291 patients, including 210 patients who underwent CRO-RAPN and 81 patients who underwent CRO-LPN, were included, and matched pairs of 150 patients were analyzed. The CRO-RAPN group was associated with a significantly shorter warm ischemic time (13 min vs 20 min, P < 0.001), shorter total operation time (162 min vs 212 min, P < 0.001), less estimated blood loss (40 mL vs 119 mL, P = 0.002), lower incidence of overall complications (3% vs 16%, P = 0.001), higher preservation rate of eGFR at six months postoperatively (93% vs 89%, P = 0.003), and higher trifecta achievement rate (84% vs 64%, P = 0.004) than the CRO-LPN group.
Conclusions

CRO-RAPN contributes to a shorter warm ischemic time, less blood loss, fewer complications, and preservation of renal function and makes it feasible to achieve a higher rate of trifecta compared to CRO-LPN.
Investigation on the Needs of Preoperative Health Education of Parents, Whose Children Undergoing Day Surgery
Authors: LIAO Rong-ji , ZHANG Mei-xue
Published: January 2022

BackgroundTo explore the needs of preoperative health education of parents，whose children undergoing day surgery, and to provide reference for nurses to carry out health education. MethodsThe parents whose children undergoing day surgery in Guangzhou Women and Children,s medical center from January 2021 to February 2021 were selected as the research objects. The needs of parents for preoperative health education were investigated by questionnaire, and the needs and satisfaction of parents for the timing, content, ways and push methods of preoperative health education were observed. Results591 questionnaires were distributed and 578 were recovered, with a recovery rate of 97.80%. The results showed that the parents had the highest demand for preoperative health education when they made an appointment for day surgery. The most desired content of health education was admission procedure, and the most desired way to receive health education was through video. The most acceptable push mode was through WeChat official account. Parents' satisfaction with the current health education was 94.64%. ConclusionsThe content of preoperative health education should be formulated according to the needs of parents, whose children undergoing day surgery. The time of providing health education should be moved forward. Health education videos should be given first, combined with a variety of health education methods, and health education videos should be pushed through WeChat official account or WeChat video number, so as to ensure the smooth development of children's day surgery and enhanced recovery after surgery.
Deconvolving The Effects of Coastal Erosion and Sea-Level Rise in Assessing Shoreline Retreat Along Semi-Arid Urban Coasts
Authors: Amrouni Oula , Heggy Essam , Hzami Abderraouf
Published: January 2022

The alarming vulnerability of low-lying sandy beaches to the acceleration of global sea level rise has been confirmed in the recent IPCC AR6 report. The situation is worsened by increasing coastal erosion, resulting in additional shoreline retreat of sandy beaches along several semi-arid urban coastal areas around the globe. The additional shoreline retreats from erosion are indicative of the rising imbalance in coastal sedimentary processes, which are a direct consequence of changes in precipitation patterns, urban growth, and change in land use. To quantify the magnitude and timescale of both coastal erosion and sea-level rise (SLR) in generating shoreline retreat of sandy beaches in semi-arid urban areas, we combine photogrammetric and statistical methods to measure and forecast the decadal evolution of these coastlines using two well-characterized sites that are hypothesized herein to be globally representative of these types of coasts undergoing rapid urban growth. We use multi-decadal shoreline positioning and land use classification surveys of the Southern California (SC, USA) and the Hammamet-North (HAM, Tunisia) beaches from aerial and orbital photogrammetric images, combined with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System, for the period from 1985 to 2018. Our results suggest that the current average shoreline retreat rates of sandy beaches range from -0.75 to -1.24 m/yr in SC and from -0.21 to -4.49 m/yr in HAM under similar aridity, land coverage and precipitation patterns. The observed decadal changes in shoreline positions along these semi-arid urban coastal areas are found to be accentuated by anthropogenic drivers associated with extensive urbanization, causing sediment imbalance at the coastline, adding up to the effect of the accelerating SLR. We assess that ~81% and 57% of the observed shoreline retreat was due to SLR, and 19% to 43% due to coastal erosion from urban growth along SC and HAM beaches, respectively. Using these measured rates, we establish a semi-empirical numerical model that combines urban growth and the observed shoreline retreat rate to forecast retreat rates through 2100 for both of our study areas, inferred herein to be representative of other global semi-arid urban coasts. Our model suggests that future average total shoreline retreat rates, accounting for both urban growth and SLR, range from -2 to -4 m/yr for SC and HAM sandy beaches, respectively, through 2100. The above suggests that if no mitigation is made, by 2100 the cumulative shoreline retreat in these urban areas could significantly exceed the Global Scale Assessment Model’s [46] cumulative projected average retreat of -30 m, confirming the alarming vulnerability of the semi-arid coastal urban areas that would need intensive and costly beach nourishment to control increasing shoreline erosion.
Rapid Differentiation From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Functional Oligodendrocytes Using Synthetic Modified Olig2 mRNA
Authors: Xu Jian , Wang Rui , Zhao Jingxin , He Fumei , Zhang Yidi , Xie Yuan , Shen Lan , Nie Yichu , Deng Wenbin
Published: January 2022

Background: Transcription factors (TFs) have been introduced to drive highly efficient differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into lineage-specific oligodendrocytes (OLs). However, effective strategies currently rely mainly on genome-integrating viruses. To facilitate the translation of hiPSC-derived OLs into clinical practice, a synthetic modified messenger RNA (smRNA) reprogramming method that generates transgene-free OLs has been developed.Methods: An smRNA encoding Olig2, a key TF in OL development, with a defined phosphorylation site modification serine 147 replaced with alanine, Olig2S147A, was designed to reprogram hiPSCs into OLs. Proteomics were used to identify Olig2S147A-binding proteins that positively mediated of Olig2S147A-driven OL differentiation.Results: We demonstrated that repeated administration of the smRNA encoding Olig2 S147A led to higher and more stable protein expression. Using the single-mutant Olig2 smRNA with morphogens, we established a 6-day smRNA transfection protocol, and glial induction led to rapid NG2+ OL progenitor cell (OPC) generation (>70% purity) from hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs). The smRNA-induced NG2+ OPCs matured into functional OLs and myelinated nanofibers in vitro. Moreover, when transplanted into mice with cuprizone-induced demyelination, smRNA-induced OPCs promoted remyelination ex vivo. A proteomic analysis of Olig2-binding proteins indicated that the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) complex bound Olig2. The HSP70 complex bound more strongly to Olig2 with the modified phosphorylation site than to wild type Olig2. VER-155008, an HSP70 complex antagonist, and ML346, an HSP70 complex agonist, inhibited and promoted Olig2 transcriptional activity and efficient OL generation, respectively.Conclusions: We present a very safe and efficient smRNA-driven strategy for hiPSC differentiation into OLs, which might be utilized for disease modeling, drug discovery, and/or therapeutic OPC/OL transplantation in neurodegenerative disease.
The Shortest Innovative Process of Black And Golden Garlic For Enhancing The S-Allylcysteine Content And Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Pakakaew Peeraporn , Phimolsiripol Yuthana , Taesuwan Siraphat , Kumphune Sarawut , Klangpetch Wannaporn , Utama-Ang Niramon
Published: January 2022

Black garlic is a type of heat-treated garlic for which the traditional process is extremely simple but it is very time-consuming, taking more than one month. The purpose of this research was to reduce the processing time of black garlic. A novel processing including soaking and freezing was applied for the pre-treatment of the garlic. The effects of two temperatures (60 and 80 °C) and two relative humidities (65 and 80% RH) were investigated to find the optimum conditions for black garlic production. The optimum conditions for black garlic production were pre-treatment using CaCl2 soaking followed by freezing before being further incubated at 80 °C and 80% RH for 1 week. This optimal condition produced black garlic with high antioxidant activity as 5,390 and 25,421 mg Trolox/100 g dry weight for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. However, the incubation process at 60 °C and 65% RH provided golden garlic with the highest S-allylcysteine (SAC) content by about 1,772 mg/100 g dry weight. This novel process shortened the processing time of black garlic by about four times and provided a new processed garlic product called “golden garlic”.
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Versus Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus: a Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Su Ke , Gu Tao , Xu Ke , Wang Jing , Liao Hongfei , Li Xueting , Wen Lianbin , Song Yanqiong , Zhong Jiaqi , He Bingsheng , Liu Xin , He Jie , Liu Yanlin , Li Qi , Feng Xunjie , Chen Siyu , Yang Binbin , Huang Weihong , Jin Hongping , Luo Xiaotong , Hu Teng , Chen Jiali , Wu Zhenying , Lu Simin , Zhang Jianwen , Rao Mingyue , Xie Yunchuan , Wang Jing , Zhu Xiaoning , Chen Lan , Li Bo , Su Song , Yang Xiaoli , Wang Juan , Zeng Hao , Wang Pan , Yan Min , Chen Xiaojing , He Kun , Han Yunwei
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe optimal management for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR) versus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in HCC patients with PVTT. MethodsThis retrospective study included 572 HCC patients with PVTT (GKR, 207; TACE, 365). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis identified 188 matched pairs of patients. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).ResultsBefore PSM, the GKR group demonstrated significantly median OS (mOS) than TACE group (17.4 vs. 8.0 months, p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, GKR was associated with significantly longer OS for patients with PVTT II-IV (17.5 vs. 8.2 months, p < 0.001; 19.3 vs. 7.4 months, p < 0.001; 14.5 vs. 6.6 months, p = 0.008, respectively) and comparable OS for patients with PVTT I. After PSM, the GKR group had also a longer OS (mOS) than TACE group (15.8 vs. 9.8 months, p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the GKR group demonstrated superior mOS for patients with PVTT II-IV (all P < 0.05) and comparable OS for patients with PVTT I. ConclusionsGKR was associated better OS than TACE in HCC patients with PVTT, especially for patients with PVTT II-IV.
MLC1: A New Calcium-regulated Protein Conferring Calcium Dependence to Volume-regulated Anion Channels (VRAC) in Astrocytes.
Authors: Brignone Maria Stefania , Lanciotti Angela , Michelucci Antonio , Mallozzi Cinzia , Camerini Serena , Catacuzzeno Luigi , Sforna Luigi , Caramia Martino , D'Adamo Maria Cristina , Ceccarini Marina , Molinari Paola , Macioce Pompeo , Macchia Gianfranco , Petrucci Tamara Corinna , Pessia Mauro , Visentin Sergio , Ambrosini Elena
Published: January 2022

MLC1 is a membrane protein highly expressed by brain perivascular astrocytes. Mutations in the MLC1 gene account for megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC), an incurable leukodystrophy characterized by macrocephaly, brain edema and cysts, myelin vacuolation and astrocyte swelling, causing cognitive and motor dysfunctions. It has been demonstrated that MLC1 mutations affect the swelling-activated Cl - currents (I Cl,swell ) mediated by volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) and the consequent regulatory volume decrease (RVD) and lead to abnormal activation of intracellular signaling pathways linked to inflammation/osmotic stress. Despite this knowledge, the MLC1 physiological role and MLC molecular pathogenesis are still elusive. Following the observations that Ca 2+ regulates all the MLC1-modulated processes and that intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis is altered in MLC1-defective cells, we applied a multidisciplinary approach including biochemistry, molecular biology, video imaging, electrophysiology and proteomic techniques on cultured astrocytes to uncover new Ca 2+ -dependent signaling pathways controlling MLC1 function. Here, we revealed that MLC1 binds the Ca 2+ effector proteins calmodulin (CaM) and Ca 2+ /CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and, as result, changes its assembly, localization and functional properties in response to Ca 2+ changes. Noteworthy, CaM binding to the COOH terminal promotes MLC1 trafficking to the plasma membrane, while CaMKII phosphorylation of the NH 2 -terminal potentiates MLC1 activation of I Cl,swell . Overall, these results revealed that MLC1 is a Ca 2+ -regulated protein linking VRAC function and, possibly, volume regulation to Ca 2+ signaling in astrocytes. These findings open new avenues of investigations aimed at clarifying the abnormal molecular pathways underlying MLC and other diseases characterized by astrocyte swelling and brain edema.
The Effectiveness of Governmental Nonpharmaceutical Interventions Against COVID-19 On The Control of Seasonal Influenza Transmission: An Ecological Study
Authors: Qiu Zekai , Cao Zicheng , Zou Min , Tang Kang , Zhang Chi , Tang Jing , Zeng Jinfeng , Wang Yaqi , Sun Qianru , Wang Daoze , Du Xiangjun
Published: January 2022

Background: A range of strict nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) had been implemented in many countries to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. These NPIs might also be effective in controlling the seasonal influenza virus, which share the same transmission path with SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different NPIs for control of seasonal influenza.Methods: Data on 14 NPIs implemented in 33 countries and corresponding data on influenza virologic surveillance were collected. The influenza suppression index was calculated as the difference between the influenza-positive rate during its decline period from 2019 to 2020 and that during influenza epidemic seasons in the previous 9 years. A machine learning model was developed by using extreme gradient boosting tree (XGBoost) regressor to fit NPI data and influenza suppression index. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was used to characterize NPIs in suppressing influenza.Results: Gathering limitation contributed the most (37.60%) among all NPIs in suppressing influenza transmission in the 2019-2020 influenza season. The top three effective NPIs were gathering limitation, international travel restriction, and school closure. Regarding the three NPIs, their intensity threshold to generate effect were restrictions on the size of gatherings less than 1000 people, travel bans on all regions or total border closure, and closing only some categories of schools, respectively. There was a strong positive interaction effect between mask wearing requirement and gathering limitation, whereas merely implementing mask wearing requirement but ignoring other NPIs would dilute mask wearing requirement’s effectiveness in suppressing influenza.Conclusions: Gathering limitation, travel bans on all regions or total border closure, and closing some levels of schools are the most effective NPIs to suppress influenza transmission. Mask wearing requirement is advised to be combined with gathering limitation and other NPIs. Our findings could facilitate the precise control of future influenza epidemics and potential pandemics.
Metabolic Stress Index Including Mitochondrial Biomarker for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Hepatic Steatosis
Authors: Chang Jae Seung , Ahn Jhii-Hyun , Kang Seong Hee , Koh Sang-Baek , Kim Jang-Young , Baik Soon Koo , Huh Ji Hye , Lee Samuel S. , Kim Moon Young , Park Kyu-Sang
Published: January 2022

Background Mitochondrial dysfunction with oxidative stress contributes to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression. We investigated the steatosis predictive efficacy of a novel non-invasive diagnostic panel using metabolic stress biomarkers. Methods Altogether, 343 subjects who underwent magnetic resonance imaging-based liver examinations from a population-based general cohort, and 41 patients enrolled in a biopsy-evaluated NAFLD cohort, participated in the development and validation groups, respectively. Serologic stress biomarkers were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Multivariate regression showed that waist-to-hip ratio, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, FGF19, adiponectin-to-leptin ratio, insulin, albumin, triglyceride, total-cholesterol, and alanine-aminotransferase were independent predictors of steatosis (rank-ordered by Wald). The area under receiver-operator characteristics curve [AUROC (95%CI)] of the metabolic stress index for steatosis (MSI-S) was 0.886 (0.85‒0.92) and 0.825 (0.69‒0.96) in development and validation groups, respectively. MSI-S had higher diagnostic accuracy (78.1%‒81.1%) than other steatosis indices. MSI-S notably differentiated steatosis severities, while other indices showed less discrimination. Conclusion MSI-S, as a novel non-invasive index, based on mitochondrial stress biomarker FGF21 effectively predicted steatosis. Furthermore, MSI-S may increase the population that could be excluded from further evaluation, reducing unnecessary invasive investigations more effectively than other indices.
First DNA Barcoding Based Record of Lysiosquillina Maculata (Fabricius, 1793) (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) From Chennai Coast, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: C Babu , K Silambarasan , A Anrose , A Tiburtius
Published: January 2022

Taxonomic identification of mantis shrimp Lysiosquillina maculata through DNA barcoding analysis collected from Kasimedu fisheries harbour, Chennai coast, Tamil Nadu, India. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase sub unit I gene (mtcoI) with 650 bp region was sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The present record, mitochondrial gene sequences were used to identify the mantis shrimp Lysiosquillina maculata. This is the first confirmed record of Indian waters and the mt COI sequence was deposited in GenBank. The neighbor joining method was used for phylogenetic analysis. The pair wise genetic distance calculated with 08 closely related species varied form 0.03-0.404%. Phylogenetic tree based on 13 protein coding genes shows that Lysiosquillina maculata has a closer phylogenetic relationship to Harpiosquilla harpax.
Parent Moral Distress From The Perspectives of Mothers With An Infant Previously Hospitalized in The NICU
Authors: Voultsos Polychronis , Deligianni Maria , Tsamadou Eftychia
Published: January 2022

BackgroundGiven that having an infant in the NICU is a morally stressful event for parents and preterm birth rates are increasing worldwide, parent moral distress is a matter of public health. While moral distress in the clinical context is already a widely explored phenomenon, the parent moral distress still remains a largely under-explored complex phenomenon. Methods This is a prospective qualitative study using semi-structured interviews of seventeen parents (mothers) who previously had an infant in the NICU. The study conducted between February 2021 and August 2021. A thematic analysis of the data was performed. Results While parents with infants in the NICU initially needed for having their decisions respected by physicians, they ultimately shew a tolerant attitude towards benevolent medical paternalism. However, many physician-related factors (i.e. uncertainty, discrepancy of opinion, operational behavior, lack of communicative or empathetic behavior, previous malpractice) facilitate parent moral distress. The important role of the family pediatrician in creating parent moral distress is highlighted. The same holds for family/social environment – related factors. Furthermore, the role of parent’s internal factors (especially spiritual/existential core values or beliefs) as well as the role of NICU environment-related factors (such as the image of a long-suffering infant, preventing mothers from providing their own milk for their infants and having a skin-to-skin contact with them) in creating parent moral distress are highlighted. Moral residue no more than mild was found. Moreover, parent moral schisma is emerged as a conceptually distinct from moral distress phenomenon. Last, the findings of this study confirm the relational account of parental moral distress offered by Mooney-Doyle and Ulrich. ConclusionsWhile many findings of the present study are in line with previous studies, our data analysis revealed findings which are little recognized in the available literature. Parents showed tolerant attitudes towards benevolent medical paternalism. No more than mild moral residue has been found. The most relevant categories of variables associated with parent moral distress were a) physician-related (various factors), b) parent-related, c) parent’s context (family or broader social)-related, and d) NICU environment-related. Furthermore, parent moral distress and parent moral schisma are conceptualized as conceptually distinct albeit strictly related or overlapping phenomena. The findings of this study support the relational account of parent moral distress.
Design and Fabrication of Elevators Using AVR Microcontroller
Authors: Keykha M.
Published: January 2022

Men, along with the progress in his civilization and daily life, felt the need more and more every day that in addition to all the facilities and tools he had created for himself to move horizontally, he needed a tool to move himself and his tools and loads in the horizontal direction. Is. Images have been recorded in history that show that he invented methods for vertical movement in the distant past. Initially, this was done by levers and animals. An elevator is a permanent public vehicle that moves between predefined levels. The elevator is the only means of transportation used by all age groups and is the most common means of vertical movement in the world. The elevator is installed inside an environment that consists of three parts: 1. Engine room 2. Elevator well 3. Well. The gearbox motor acts as the heart of the elevator and the control panel acts as the core of the elevator. The aim of this research is to simulate and build the circuit and the building of the elevator so that it can be equipped with new facilities and sensors by using reprogramming if necessary to make its operation safer and provide more comfort for the passengers. Here we have programmed the AVR microcontroller using codevisionAVR software and performed the simulation using Proteus software.
Effective-Component Compatibility of Bufei Yishen Formula Ⅲ Ameliorated COPD By Improving Airway Epithelial Cell Senescence Via Promoting Mitophagy By Nrf2/PINK1 Pathway
Authors: Li Min-yan , Qin Yan-qin , Li Jian-sheng , Zhao Peng , Tian Yan-ge , Li Kang-chen , Oliver Brian G. , Liu Xue-fang
Published: January 2022

Background: Effective-component compatibility of Bufei Yishen formula Ⅲ (ECC-BYF Ⅲ) shows positive effects on stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Purpose: To investigate the mechanisms of ECC-BYF Ⅲ on COPD rats from the aspect of airway epithelial cell senescence.Methods: COPD model rats were treated with ECC-BYF Ⅲ for 8 weeks and the efficacy was evaluated. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced senescence model of airway epithelial cells were treated with ECC-BYF Ⅲ, the related enzymes and proteins involved in oxidative stress and mitophagy were detected.Results: ECC-BYF Ⅲ markedly rescued pulmonary function and histopathological changes, which might be associated with the amelioration of lung senescence, including reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, increase of the level of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and decease of p21 level in airway. Furthermore, ECC-BYF Ⅲ suppressed p16, p21 expressions and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) in CSE-induced airway epithelial cells. Moreover, ECC-BYF Ⅲ upregulated the mitophagy-related proteins, including co-localization of TOM20 and LC3B, PINK1, PARK2, and improved mitochondrial function with upregulating mitochondrial mitofusin (Mfn)2 and reducing dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) expression. ECC-BYF Ⅲ enhanced the activities of T-SOD and GSH-PX by up-regulating Nrf2, thus inhibiting oxidative stress. After intervention with Nrf2 inhibitor, the regulation effects of ECC-BYF Ⅲ on oxidative stress, mitophagy and senescence in airway epithelial cells were significantly suppressed.Conclusions: ECC-BYF Ⅲ exerts beneficial effects on COPD rats by ameliorating airway epithelial cell senescence, which is mediated by inhibiting oxidative stress and subsequently enhancing mitophagy through activation of Nrf2 signaling.
Analysis of Reasons For Readmission of Diabetic Patients: 2015-2019
Authors: Wang Junmei , Xiong Jiayao , Yang Chao , Jiang Xianshu , Zhang Min , Chen Yanmei , Chen Dezhi , Li Zhiyong , Zhao Xiaolan
Published: January 2022

Background: Among patients with diabetes who had been hospitalized, 30% had twice or more hospitalisations rate, accounting for more than 50% of total hospitalizations and hospitalization expense. The purpose of our study was to to find available strategies to reduce the readmission rate of diabetics in rural areas.Methods: This retrospective single-center study used the data from Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The t-test and the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used to compare continuous and categorical variables, respectively. We used the Spearman correlation coefficient to examine the relationship between variables. Multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of hospitalisation time, and dummy variables were set for categorical independent variables. Results: There were a total of 1721 readmissions during a five-year period; among them, 829 were females and 892 males. The readmission rate of diabetic patients in the endocrinology department was 32.40%. The age, times of hospitalisation, and duration of all subjects were 64.67 ± 13.82, 2.69 ± 1.41 and 10.60 ± 6.78, respectively. Among all the diabetic patients, type 2 diabetes accounted for 98.55% (n = 1696). Most of the patients were readmitted due to poor glycemic control, infection, edema, dizziness, and weakness, accounting for approximately 56%. During the 5-year period, the majority of readmitted diabetic patients were hospitalized twice. Times of hospitalisation was weakly positively correlated with age (Rho = 0.206, P≤0.001), diabetic duration (Rho = 0.248, P ≤ 0.001) and hospitalisation expenses (Rho = 0.008, P = 0.035) by Spearman correlation analysis. Age, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were the main factors affecting times of hospitalisation in diabetes patients (all P < 0.05). Compared with current smokers, non-smokers and cessation smokers had high hospitalisations rate (all P for trend < 0.05). When taking diabetic foot infection as a reference, edema was more accountable than diabetic foot infection for hospitalisation times, which was statistically significant (P for trend = 0.048).Conclusion: Age, duration of diabetes and hospitalisation costs were positively correlated with times of hospitalisation. Age, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, ALT, smoking status and edema are the influencing factors of hospitalisation times. The most common causes of hospitalisation for diabetics are poor glycemic control, infection, edema, dizziness, and weakness. Controlling these factors may be key to developing rational health strategies for rural diabetics.
Cardiovascular Benefits of Vitamin C Supplementation Against Particulate Air Pollution in Healthy Adults: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Ren Jingyi , Liang Jufeng , Wang Jiaqi , Yin Bowen , Zhang Fan , Li Xiang , Zhu Siqi , Tian Hao , Cui Qiqi , Jianshi Song , Ling Wenhua , Liu Gang , Ma Yuxia
Published: January 2022

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that ambient air pollution exposure is associated with the adverse effects of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Evidence on the health benefits of vitamin C supplementation in highly polluted areas has not been evaluated. Objectives: We aims to evaluate whether dietary vitamin C supplementation can improve cardiovascular health linked to PM exposure. Methods: A randomized double-blind crossover trial was performed in 58 health young adults in Shijiazhuang, China in 2018. All subjects were randomly assigned to vitamin C supplementation or placebo group for a week alternating with a two-week washout period. We measured blood pressure (BP), blood lipid, biomarkers of oxidative and biomarkers of inflammation. Linear mixed-effect model was applied to evaluate the effect of vitamin C supplementation on health outcomes.Results: During the intervention periods, the average concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 was 164.91μg/m3 and 327.05μg/m3, respective. Vitamin C supplementation was significantly associated with decrease in several inflammatory indicators and blood pressure, including 19.47% in interleukin-6 (IL-6), 17.30% in tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), 34.01% in C-reactive protein (CRP), 3.37% in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 6.03% in pulse pressure (PP). Further, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was significantly increased by 7.15%. The effect of nutritional intervention on other indicators were beneficial, but there was no statistical difference. Gender-subgroup analysis showed that vitamin C supplementation significantly reduced SBP by 3.31%, PP by 4.94%, IL-6 by 20.97%, TNF-α by 27.85% and CRP by 38.5% in males, and significantly reduced SBP by 3.65%, PP by 8.12%, IL-6 by 17.35% and CRP by 29.15% in females. In contrast, vitamin C supplementation significantly increased APOB by 6.28% and GSH-Px by 14.47% in female participants only. Conclusion: This study indicates that vitamin C supplementation may protect cardiovascular system against particulate matter (PM) exposure among healthy young adults in China.Clinical trial registration information: Identifier: ChiCTR2100051371. Registered 19 October 2018, https://www.chictr.org.cn.
Diet Rather than Genetic Status Shapes the Gut Microbiota in Two Congeneric Snakes
Authors: Qu Yan-Fu , Wu Yan-Qing , Jiang Yi-Jin , Ji Xiang
Published: January 2022

Background: Various external and internal factors affect the gut microbiota of animals. The colonization and proliferation of gut microbes have been studied in a diverse array of animal taxa but remain poorly known in snakes. Here, we used the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology on the Roach 454 platform to analyze the gut microbiota composition using fecal samples collected from three snake groups [gravid females, newly hatched (preprandial) hatchlings and postprandial hatchlings] of two congeneric colubrid snake species (Elaphe carinata and E. taeniura) that are sympatric across a wide range in mainland China. We tested two hypotheses. First, the gut microbiota should not differ between the two species at hatching if the maternal or genetic contribution has no role in affecting post-hatching gut microbial colonization. Second, differences in the gut microbiota between newly hatched (preprandial) and postprandial hatchlings should not exist in both species if the dietary contribution has no role in affecting post-hatching gut microbial colonization.Results: The top three dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria in both species. None of the measured alpha diversity indexes differed among the three snake groups or between the two species. The relative abundance of the gut microbiota differed among the three snake groups and between the two species, and so did the relative abundances of the functions associated with the metabolism, cellular processes and environmental information processing. Evidence from gravid females and hatchlings showed that the gut microbiota composition was similar between the two species. The metabolism held the overwhelming predominance of functional categories at the top level in both species.Conclusion: Only the relative abundance of the gut microbiota differed between the two species, and the gut microbiota composition changed rapidly in postprandial hatchlings and differed among the three snakes groups in both species. From these findings, we may conclude that the dietary rather than the maternal or genetic contribution affects gut microbial colonization in snakes.
Serotonin 5-HT7 Receptor Is A Biomarker Poor Prognostic Factor And Induces Proliferation of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Through FOXM1
Authors: Cınar Venhar , Hamurcu Zuhal , Guler Ahsen , Nurdinov Nursultan , Ozpolat Bulent
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer and associated with poor prognosis and shorter survival due to significant genetic heterogeneity, drug resistance and lack of effective targeted therapeutics. Therefore, novel molecular targets and therapeutic strategies are needed to improve patient survival. Serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-HT) has been shown to induce growth stimulatory effects in breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which 5-HT exerts its oncogenic effects in TNBC still are not well understood. Methods: Normal breast epithelium (MCF10A) and two TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231, BT-546) and MCF-7 cells (ER+) were used to investigate effects of 5-HT7 receptor. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based knockdown and metergoline (5-HT7 antagonist) were used to inhibit the activity of 5-HT7. Cell proliferation and colony formation were evaluated using MTS cell viability and colony formation assays, respectively. Western blotting was used to investigate 5-HT7, FOXM1 and its downstream targets protein expressions.Results: We demonstrated that 5-HT induces cell proliferation of TNBC cells and expression of 5-HT7 receptor and FOXM1 oncogenic transcription factor. We found that expression of 5-HT7 receptor is upregulated in TNBC cells and higher 5-HT7 expression is associated with poor patient prognosis and shorter patient survival. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT7 by siRNA and metergoline, respectively, suppressed TNBC cell proliferation and FOXM1 and its downstream mediators, including eEF2-Kinase (eEF2K) and cyclin-D1. Conclusion: Our findings suggest for the first time that the 5-HT7 receptor promotes FOXM1, eEF2K and cyclin D1 signaling to support TNBC cell proliferation, thus inhibition of 5-HT7/FOXM1 signaling may be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting TNBC.
Removal of Cesium and Strontium From Radioactive Wastewater by Prussian Blue Nanorods
Authors: Yao Chuqing , Dai Yaodong , Chang Shuquan , Zhang Haiqian
Published: January 2022

In this work, novel Prussian blue tetragonal nanorods were prepared by template-free solvothermal methods for removal of radionuclide Cs and Sr. It was worth that Prussian blue nanorods exhibited the better adsorption performance than co-precipitation PB or Prussian blue analogue composites. Thermodynamic analysis implied that adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic which was described well with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order equation, the maximum adsorption capacity of PB nanorod was estimated to be 194.26 mg g-1 and 256.62 mg g-1 for Cs+ and Sr2+. The adsorption mechanism of Cs+ and Sr2+ was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and 57Fe Mössbaure spectroscopy, the results revealed that Cs+ entered in PB crystal to generate a new phase, the most of Sr2+ was trapped in internal crystal and the other exchanged Fe2+. Furthermore, the effect of co-existing ions and pH for PB adsorption process were also investigated. The results suggest that PB nanorods were outstanding candidate for removal of Cs+ and Sr2+ from radioactive wastewater.
Propofol Regulates the Proliferation and Migration of Lung Cancer Cells Through Atr Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhou Yu , Li Dongmei , Liang Hongyan , Ma Yuan , Wang Wei
Published: January 2022

Aims: Here we aim to investigate the regulation of propofol on DNA damage caused by replication fork arrest in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells.Methods: A549 and NCI-H460 cells were treated with propofol and hydroxyurea (HU) in vitro. CCK-8 assay was used to examine cell proliferation. Transwell assay was employed to investigate cell migration and invasion abilities. Western blotting was carried out to study the activities of ATR signals. Laser confocal microscopy was utilized to study the formation of p-RPA32 foci.Results: Propofol treatment promoted the apoptosis and suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion, possibly by increasing the sensitivity of A549 and NCI-H460 cells against DNA damage. Propofol treatment enhanced the sensitivity of A549 and NCI-H460 cells to damages caused by replication fork arrest, as well as the activity of ATR signaling pathway. Propofol regulated the sensitivity of A549 and NCI-H460 cells to DNA replication damage by affecting the level of H3K27me3.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that propofol up-regulates the expression of H3K27me3 in lung cancer cells, promotes the recruitment of exonuclease MUS81 in stagnant replication fork, induces apoptosis caused by DNA damage, and thus inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells.