bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bio-inspired micropatterned thermochromic hydrogel for concurrent smart solar transmission and rapid visible-light stealth at all-working temperatures
Authors: Liang Huaxu , Zhang Xinping , Wang Fuqiang , Li Chunzhe , Yuan Weizhe , Meng Weifeng , Cheng Ziming , Dong Yan , Shi Xuhang , Yan Yuying , Yi Hongliang , Shuai Yong , Long Yi
Published: August 2024

Thermochromic hydrogels exhibit a smart capacity for regulating solar spectrum transmission, enabling automatically change their transmissivity in response to the ambient temperature change. This has great importance for energy conservation purposes. Military and civilian emergency thermochromic applications require rapid visible-light stealth (VLS); however, concurrent smart solar transmission and rapid VLS is yet to be realized. Inspired by squid-skin, we propose a micropatterned thermochromic hydrogel (MTH) to realize the concurrent control of smart solar transmittance and rapid VLS at all-working temperatures. The MTH possesses two optical regulation mechanisms: optical property regulation and optical scattering, controlled by temperature and pressure, respectively. The introduced surface micropattern strategy can arbitrarily switch between normal and diffuse transmission, and the VLS response time is within 1 s compared with previous ~180 s. The MTH also has a high solar-transmission regulation range of 61%. Further, the MTH preparation method is scalable and cost-effective. This novel regulation mechanism opens a new pathway towards applications with multifunctional optical requirements.
Neoplastic ICAM-1 protects lung carcinoma from apoptosis through ligation of fibrinogen
Authors: Wang ShiHui , Wang JunLei , Liu Cui , Yang Lei , Tan XuanQian , Chen ShiYang , Xue Yun , Ji HongBin , Ge GaoXiang , Chen JianFeng
Published: August 2024

Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is frequently overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and associated with poor prognosis. However, the mechanism underlying the negative effects of neoplastic ICAM-1 remains obscure. Herein, we demonstrate that the survival of NSCLC cells but not normal human bronchial epithelial cells requires an anti-apoptosis signal triggered by fibrinogen γ chain (FGG)–ICAM-1 interaction. ICAM-1–FGG ligation preserves the tyrosine phosphorylation of ICAM-1 cytoplasmic domain and its association with SHP-2, and subsequently promotes Akt and ERK1/2 activation but suppresses JNK and p38 activation. Abolishing ICAM-1–FGG interaction induces NSCLC cell death by activating caspase-9/3 and significantly inhibits tumor development in a mouse xenograft model. Finally, we developed a monoclonal antibody against ICAM-1–FGG binding motif, which blocks ICAM-1‒FGG interaction and effectively suppresses NSCLC cell survival in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Thus, suppressing ICAM-1–FGG axis provides a potential strategy for NSCLC targeted therapy.
Unified momentum model for rotor aerodynamics across operating regimes
Authors: Liew Jaime , Heck Kirby S. , Howland Michael F.
Published: August 2024

Despite substantial growth in wind energy technology in recent decades, aerodynamic modeling of wind turbines relies on momentum models derived in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which are well-known to break down under flow regimes in which wind turbines often operate. This gap in theoretical modeling for rotors that are misaligned with the inflow and also for high-thrust rotors has resulted in the development of numerous empirical corrections which are widely applied in textbooks, research articles, and open-source and industry design codes. This work reports a Unified Momentum Model to efficiently predict power production, thrust force, and wake dynamics of rotors under arbitrary inflow angles and thrust coefficients without empirical corrections. The Unified Momentum Model is additionally coupled with a blade element model to enable blade element momentum modeling predictions of wind turbines in high thrust coefficient and yaw misaligned states without using corrections for these states. This Unified Momentum Model can form a new basis for wind turbine modeling, design, and control tools from first principles and may enable further development of innovations necessary for increased wind production and reliability to respond to 21st century climate change challenges.
Generative models struggle with kirigami metamaterials
Authors: Felsch Gerrit , Slesarenko Viacheslav
Published: August 2024

Generative machine learning models have shown notable success in identifying architectures for metamaterials—materials whose behavior is determined primarily by their internal organization—that match specific target properties. By examining kirigami metamaterials, in which dependencies between cuts yield complex design restrictions, we demonstrate that this perceived success in the employment of generative models for metamaterials might be akin to survivorship bias. We assess the performance of the four most popular generative models—the Variational Autoencoder (VAE), the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), the Wasserstein GAN (WGAN), and the Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM)—in generating kirigami structures. Prohibiting cut intersections can prevent the identification of an appropriate similarity measure for kirigami metamaterials, significantly impacting the effectiveness of VAE and WGAN, which rely on the Euclidean distance—a metric shown to be unsuitable for considered geometries. This imposes significant limitations on employing modern generative models for the creation of diverse metamaterials.
Cryopreserved nanostructured fibrin-agarose hydrogels are efficient and safe hemostatic agents
Authors: Casado Carlos , Cepeda-Franco Carmen , Pereira Arenas Sheila , Suarez Maria Dolores , Gómez-Bravo Miguel Ángel , Alaminos Miguel , Chato-Astrain Jesús , Fernández-Muñoz Beatriz , Campos-Cuerva Rafael
Published: August 2024

Uncontrolled bleeding during surgery is associated with high mortality and prolonged hospital stay, necessitating the use of hemostatic agents. Fibrin sealant patches offer an efficient solution to achieve hemostasis and improve patient outcomes in liver resection surgery. We have previously demonstrated the efficacy of a nanostructured fibrin-agarose hydrogel (NFAH). However, for the widespread distribution and commercialization of the product, it is necessary to develop an optimal preservation method that allows for prolonged stability and facilitates storage and distribution. We investigated cryopreservation as a potential method for preserving NFAH using trehalose. Structural changes in cryopreserved NFAH (Cryo-NFAH) were investigated and comparative in vitro and in vivo efficacy and safety studies were performed with freshly prepared NFAH. We also examined the long-term safety of Cryo-NFAH versus TachoSil in a rat partial hepatectomy model, including time to hemostasis, intra-abdominal adhesion, hepatic hematoma, inflammatory factors, histopathological variables, temperature and body weight, hemocompatibility and cytotoxicity. Structural analyses demonstrated that Cryo-NFAH retained most of its macro- and microscopic properties after cryopreservation. Likewise, hemostatic efficacy assays showed no significant differences with fresh NFAH. Safety evaluations indicated that Cryo-NFAH had a similar overall profile to TachoSil up to 40 days post-surgery in rats. In addition, Cryo-NFAH demonstrated superior hemostatic efficacy compared with TachoSil while also demonstrating lower levels of erythrolysis and cytotoxicity than both TachoSil and other commercially available hemostatic agents. These results indicate that Cryo-NFAH is highly effective hemostatic patch with a favorable safety and tolerability profile, supporting its potential for clinical use.
Closing the gap: addressing telehealth disparities across specialties in the sustained pandemic era
Authors: Amagai Saki , Vonesh Edward , Adams James , Luo Yuan
Published: August 2024

Missed appointments, or no-shows, disrupt healthcare delivery, exacerbating chronic disease management and leading to worse health outcomes. Telehealth has surged as a viable solution to reduce no-shows and improve healthcare accessibility, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, telehealth disparities and its long-term efficacy across various medical specialties remain understudied. To address this, we performed a retrospective analysis of electronic health records from a heterogenous network of hospitals in Illinois, examining telehealth use and no-shows across among 444,752 adult patients with 1,973,098 outpatient encounters across nine specialties during the sustained pandemic phase (i.e., January 1, 2021 to July 1, 2022). Among them, 84,290 (4.27%) were no-shows, and telehealth constituted 202,933 (10.3%) of the total encounters. Telehealth use during the sustained phase varied significantly by specialty type. Overall, telehealth encounters were associated with reduced no-show odds compared to in-person encounters (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.26–0.29). Black and Hispanic patients, as well as those with Medicaid, had higher no-show odds relative to their counterparts, even when using telehealth. Mental health specialty had the highest telehealth usage rate and the highest no-show odds (OR, 2.99; 95% CI, 2.84–3.14) relative to other specialties included in the study. Moreover, specialty type had differential effects on no-shows for telehealth. These results underscore the variability in telehealth use by specialty type and pervasive disparities telehealth use and no-shows. As we move beyond the pandemic, our findings can inform policymakers to tailor policies and incentives to reach different patient groups as well as specialties, with varying needs, to promote equitable telehealth utilization.
Chiral spin-transfer torque induced by curvature gradient
Authors: Bittencourt Guilherme H. R. , Castro Mario , Nunez Alvaro S. , Altbir Dora , Allende Sebastian , Carvalho-Santos Vagson L.
Published: August 2024

A curvature-induced chiral spin-transfer torque (CSTT) is responsible for causing handedness in DW motion along a nanowire with a curvature gradient. The current-driven transport depends on DW chirality and current direction.
Revealing nanoscale structure and interfaces of protein and polymer condensates via cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Rizvi Aoon , Favetta Bruna , Jaber Nora , Lee Yun-Kyung , Jiang Jennifer , Idris Nehal S. , Schuster Benjamin S. , Dai Wei , Patterson Joseph P.
Published: August 2024

This study uses cryo-electron microscopy to reveal the distinct nanoscale structures within protein condensates, highlighting the potential correlation between their internal organization and material properties.
Multi-functional GdEuxTb1−xO3 (x = 0 to 1) nanoparticles: colour tuning optical properties, water proton spin relaxivities, and X-ray attenuation properties
Authors: Zhao Dejun , Liu Ying , Ho Son Long , Tegafaw Tirusew , Al Saidi Abdullah Khamis Ali , Lee Hansol , Ahn Dabin , Nam Hyunji , Park Ji Ae , Yang Ji-ung , Chae Weon-Sik , Chang Yongmin , Lee Gang Ho
Published: August 2024

Multi-functional properties of GdEuxTb1−xO3@PAA/PDA nanoparticles (x = 0 to 1), i.e., colour tuning, high water proton spin relaxivities, and high X-ray attenuation, suitable for various applications, were investigated.
A gel polymer electrolyte functionalized separator for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Fang Zhan , Tan Jian , Ma Longli , Yi Pengshu , Lu Wenyi , Xu Yuyu , Ye Mingxin , Shen Jianfeng
Published: August 2024

Application of TPFPB/Al2O3/PE separators in lithium–sulfur batteries.
Irida-graphene phonon thermal transport via non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Felix Isaac M. , Tromer Raphael M. , Machado Leonardo D. , Galvão Douglas S. , Ribeiro Luiz A. , Pereira Marcelo L.
Published: August 2024

Irida-G exhibits a thermal conductivity of approximately 215 W mK−1, lower than graphene due to increased phonon scattering in its porous structure. The analysis revealed three heat transport regimes: ballistic, diffusive, and transition.
Z-scheme heterojunction enhanced photocatalytic performance for CO2 reduction to CH4
Authors: Feng Bangli , Wang Qian , Liu Peng , Yuan Zibo , Pan Danxuan , Ye Mingfu , Shen Kejing , Xin Zhifeng
Published: August 2024

Due to the high charge separation efficiency leading to high photocatalytic activity, there has been significant interest in enhancing the charge separation ability of photocatalysts by controlling the heterojunction structure.
Improving the optical properties of magnesium spinel chromites through Ni and Cu substitutions for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Heni Souhir , Hcini Sobhi , Bouazizi Mohamed Lamjed , HajTaieb Lamjed , Dhahri Abdessalem , Bacha Habib ben
Published: August 2024

In this study, we investigated the optoelectronic performance of magnesium spinel chromites with nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) substitutions.
A practical approach to demonstrate the circular economy in remediation of textile dyes using nutraceutical industrial spent
Authors: Taqui Syed Noeman , Syed Usman Taqui , Mir Rayees Afzal , Syed Akheel Ahmed , Ukkund Shareefraza J. , Deepakumari Hemavathi Nagaraju , Al-Mansour Abdullah I. , Alam Shamshad , Berwal Parveen , Majdi Hasan Sh.
Published: August 2024

We used Nutraceutical Industrial Coriander Seed Spent (NICSS), as an innovative adsorbent for the bioremediation of a bisazo Acid Red 119 (AR 119) dye.
Development and evaluation of antimicrobial PVC-grafted polymer for enhanced paint applications
Authors: Gupta Sonali , Puttaiahgowda Yashoda Malgar , Kulal Ananda
Published: August 2024

Transform your walls into health guardians with our revolutionary antimicrobial paint polymer.
First-principles calculations to investigate the impact of fluorine doping on electrochemical properties of Li-rich Li2MnO3 layered cathode materials
Authors: Zeng Xiang-Ming , Liu Jing , Su Jiang-Bin , Wang Fa-Hui , Li Yan-Bing , Zhan Chang-Jun , Liu Ming , Wu Run-Sheng , Hu Jun-Ping , Zheng Feng
Published: August 2024

Li-rich layered oxides are promising candidates for high-capacity Li-ion battery cathode materials.
Numerical analysis and device modelling of a lead-free Sr3PI3/Sr3SbI3 double absorber solar cell for enhanced efficiency
Authors: Ghosh Avijit , Islam Buian Mohammad Fokhrul , Maniruzzaman Md. , Hossain Md. Mahfuz , Azad Abul Kalam , Miazee Asif Ahammad , Ragab Islam , Hassan Abeer A. , Alrafai H. A. , Alla Abdelrahim Siham Khalaf
Published: August 2024

Halide perovskites are the most promising options for extremely efficient solar absorbers in the field of photovoltaic (PV) technology because of their remarkable optical qualities, increased efficiency, lightweight design, and affordability.
Real-time capture of nuclear motions influencing photoinduced electron transfer
Authors: Kim Pyosang , Roy Subhangi , Valentine Andrew J. S. , Liu Xiaolin , Kromer Sarah , Kim Tae Wu , Li Xiaosong , Castellano Felix N. , Chen Lin X.
Published: August 2024

This study explores vibronic wavepacket dynamics in photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The dynamic interplay of PET and coherent wavepacket motions highlights the crucial role of vibrations in influencing efficient PET process.
Engineering MOF/carbon nitride heterojunctions for effective dual photocatalytic CO2 conversion and oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Diez-Cabanes Valentin , Granados-Tavera Kevin , Shere Inderdip , Cárdenas-Jirón Gloria , Maurin Guillaume
Published: August 2024

Tuning the structural and opto-electronic properties of MOF/C3N4 heterojunctions was revealed as a promising avenue towards efficient Z-scheme based photoreactors displaying dual oxygen evolution (OER) and CO2 reduction (CO2RR) catalytic activity.
Organocatalytic enantio- and diastereoselective assembly of cyclopropane-incorporated polycyclic molecules via isobenzopyrylium ions
Authors: Liu Shuxuan , Zhang Chaoshen , Han Zhengyu , Huang Hai , Sun Jianwei
Published: August 2024

An organocatalytic asymmetric cycloaddition of isobenzopyrylium with vinylboronic acid was successfully developed, providing rapid access to cyclopropane-containing complex polycyclic structures with four chiral centers.
Electronic regulation of carbon sites by oxygenated groups for electrochemical oxygen reduction to H2O2
Authors: Wang Yin , Zhang Tingting , Li Dongyong , Li Peihe , Hu Quanli , Zhuang Quan , Duan Limei , Liu Jinghai
Published: August 2024

A mild condition controllable synthesis of –CHO regulates the electronic state of carbon sites for selective electrochemical oxygen reduction to H2O2.
Optimizing the thermoelectric performance of n-type PbSe through dynamic doping driven by entropy engineering
Authors: Wu Shujie , Li Changyuan , Chen Feida , Yang Kun , Hu Chengchao , Huang Haihua , Huang Wenjing , Zuo Xueli , Tang Xiaobin
Published: August 2024

This work utilized a collaborative optimization approach combining dynamic doping and entropy engineering to enhance the band degeneracy, enabling Pb0.875Sn0.125Se0.5Te0.25S0.25-2at%Cu to achieve excellent thermoelectric performance.
Dual-strategy of carbon-coating and nanoengineering enables reversible and durable Na storage in an iron-based pyrophosphate cathode
Authors: Cao Zhitao , Hu Xiaoping , Wang Yuyao , Xu Yongqing , Zhou Yifan , Cao Xinxin , Liang Shuquan
Published: August 2024

In situ carbon-coated Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)2/C nanoflakes successfully synthesized in a molten surfactant–paraffin medium, demonstrating exceptional electrochemical reversibility and ultra-long lifespan as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries.
Microenvironment modulation of Zr sites in covalent organic frameworks for low-pressure preparation of UHMWPE
Authors: Li Hao-Tian , Zhou Tao , Peng Yu-Qing , Shi Xiao-Ke , Zhu Zhi-Hao , Guan Ye-Bin , Li Yong-Qing , Liu Zhen , Zhang Chuan-Lei
Published: August 2024

Zr-TtDa catalyst with a triazine ring in ethylene polymerization forms hydrogen bonds with ethylene, enriching it around metal sites. This method produced high molecular weight linear polyethylene (Mw = 1.71 × 106 g mol−1) at a low pressure (5 bar).
Ultralow dark current and high specific detectivity of Ga2O3-based solar-blind photodetector arrays realized via post-annealing in oxygen plasma
Authors: Bao Lingjie , Liang Zheng , Kuang Siliang , Xiao Bohan , Zhang Kelvin H. L. , Xu Xiangyu , Cheng Qijin
Published: August 2024

A photodetector based on Ga2O3 thin films via post-annealing in oxygen plasma features excellent overall performance with an ultralow dark current of 44 fA, a high specific detectivity of 1.45 × 1016 Jones, a decay time of 58 ms, etc. (@20 V).
Adapting the Early Communication Indicator as a Social Communication Outcome Measure for Young Autistic Children: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nowell Sallie , Steinbrenner Jessica R. , Wallisch Anna , Salley Brenda , McGovern Jamie , McGauley Sarah , Watson Linda R. , Irvin Dwight , Buzhardt Jay , Boyd Brian
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

We sought to conduct a pilot investigation of the reliability and administration fidelity of a new play-based measure of social communication for infants and toddlers with an autism diagnosis.

Method:

Our team adapted an existing measure, the Early Communication Indicator (ECI), for use with young autistic children in clinical and research contexts. In this brief report, we detail our adaptation process including administration and scoring of the final adapted measure based on data from a two-phase pilot study with young autistic children (
N
= 17).

Results:

This adapted measure, the Early Communication Indicator–Autism (ECI-A), captured a range of scores for the ECI, Initiation of Joint Attention, and Directed Communication in pilot testing. Interrater reliability was moderate to strong across the scored behaviors. Finally, parents were able to administer the ECI-A with high fidelity with support from the research staff.

Conclusions:

This two-phase pilot study demonstrated promise for the ECI-A as a brief measure of social communication that can be administered by parents and reliably scored by trained staff with limited background in autism assessments. Validation of the ECI-A is presently underway.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26042077
Velopharyngeal Gap Size During Sustained Vowel Production Correlates With Perceptual Ratings of Hypernasality in Connected Speech
Authors: Williams Jessica L. , Perry Jamie L. , Bunton Kate , Cordero Kelly Nett , Snodgrass Taylor D. , Singh Davinder J. , Temkit Hamy , Sitzman Thomas J.
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceptual ratings of hypernasality made during connected speech and velopharyngeal (VP) gap size measured in millimeters in the sagittal plane during sustained vowel production using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Method:

A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was completed. A subgroup of 110 participants from another study with an
M
age
of 10.1 years presenting for management of VP insufficiency was included. Perceptual ratings of hypernasality during connected speech and measurement of gap size during sustained /i/ production on MRI were performed by raters blinded to the participants' medical and surgical history.

Results:

There was a moderate-to-strong, positive correlation (
r
= .61;
p
< .001) between hypernasality ratings and VP gap size measured on MRI using sustained /i/. The odds of a higher hypernasality rating increased as the gap size increased (odds ratio = 1.34; 95% CI [1.20, 1.49];
p
< .001). The predicted probability for hypernasality ratings of none/minimal/mild steadily decreased as the gap size increased indicating that lower ratings of hypernasality were associated with smaller gap sizes. For the rating of “moderate” hypernasality, the predicted probability of the rating steadily increased up to 8 mm and then decreased as the gap size continued to increase. The predicted probability for a hypernasality rating of “severe” consistently increased as the gap size increased.

Conclusions:

Hypernasality ratings made at the connected speech level were significantly associated with VP gap size as measured during sustained vowel production. These findings suggest sustained vowel production elicited on MRI may adequately characterize VP gap size in the evaluation of VP insufficiency.
Multi‐agent reinforcement learning in a new transactive energy mechanism
Authors: Mohsenzadeh‐Yazdi Hossein , Kebriaei Hamed , Aminifar Farrokh
Published: August 2024

Thanks to reinforcement learning (RL), decision‐making is more convenient and more economical in different situations with high uncertainty. In line with the same fact, it is proposed that prosumers can apply RL to earn more profit in the transactive energy market (TEM). In this article, an environment that represents a novel framework of TEM is designed, where all participants send their bids to this framework and receive their profit from it. Also, new state‐action spaces are designed for sellers and buyers so that they can apply the Soft Actor‐Critic (SAC) algorithm to converge to the best policy. A brief of this algorithm, which is for continuous state‐action space, is described. First, this algorithm is implemented for a single agent (a seller and a buyer). Then we consider all players including sellers and buyers who can apply this algorithm as Multi‐Agent. In this situation, there is a comprehensive game between participants that is investigated, and it is analyzed whether the players converge to the Nash equilibrium (NE) in this game. Finally, numerical results for the IEEE 33‐bus distribution power system illustrate the effectiveness of the new framework for TEM, increasing sellers' and buyers' profits by applying SAC with the new state‐action spaces. SAC is implemented as a Multi‐Agent, demonstrating that players converge to a singular or one of the multiple NEs in this game. The results demonstrate that buyers converge to their optimal policies within 80 days, while sellers achieve optimality after 150 days in the games created between all participants.
Security constrained optimal power shutoff for wildfire risk mitigation
Authors: Rhodes Noah , Coffrin Carleton , Roald Line
Published: August 2024

Electric grid faults are increasingly the source of ignition for major wildfires. To reduce the likelihood of such ignitions in high risk situations, utilities use preemptive de‐energization of power lines, commonly referred to as Public Safety Power Shutoffs (PSPS). Besides raising challenging trade‐offs between power outages and wildfire safety, PSPS removes redundancy from the network at a time when component faults are likely to happen. This may leave the network particularly vulnerable to unexpected line faults that may occur while the PSPS is in place. Previous works have not explicitly considered the impacts of these outages. To address this gap, the Security Constrained Optimal Power Shutoff problem is proposed which uses post‐contingency security constraints to model the impact of unexpected line faults when planning a PSPS. This model enables, for the first time, the exploration of a wide range of trade‐offs between both wildfire risk and pre‐ and post‐contingency load shedding when designing PSPS plans, providing useful insights for utilities and policy makers considering different approaches to PSPS. The efficacy of the model is demonstrated using the EPRI 39‐bus system as a case study. The results highlight the potential risks of not considering security constraints when planning PSPS and show that incorporating security constraints into the PSPS design process improves the resilience of current PSPS plans.
Investigating the lingering effects of the pandemic on wholesale industry sales in South Africa
Authors: Masena Thabiso Ernest , Shongwe Sandile Charles
Published: August 2024

This study aims to investigate the lingering impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the South African total monthly wholesale trade sales using time series Box-Jenkins methodology. The SARIMA(2,1,1)(0,1,1)12 model provides the best fit to the SA’s total monthly wholesale trade sales series as it has the lowest Akaike’s information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error values which serve as model selection and model adequacy metrics. The findings of this study show that the South African wholesale industry trade sales were negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic but have fully recovered.
Weakly Tripotent Elements in Quaternion Rings over ℤp
Authors: Lee Wei Jun , Qua Kiat Tat , Yap Hong Keat
Published: August 2024

Let R be a ring. An element x ∈ R is weakly tripotent if x can be written as x3 = x or x3 = −x. In this paper, we discuss weakly tripotency in quaternion rings over ℤp, ℍ/ℤp. We also give some conditions for the element x ∈ ℍ/ℤp to be weakly tripotent.
Durchführung von Online-Klausuren in der dermatologischen Lehre
Authors: Wiegand Cornelia , Tittelbach Jörg
Published: August 2024

Prüfungen in elektronischer Form (kurz E-Prüfung) wurden während der COVID-19-Pandemie nahezu flächendeckend eingeführt, um die Lehre an Hochschulen fortführen zu können. Dies hat Lehrende und Studierende gleichermaßen vor Probleme gestellt. Mit dem Wechsel von Präsenz- zu Online-Klausuren ergaben sich aber auch Chancen, neue Lehr- und Prüfungsformate auszuprobieren. War die Einführung der Open-Book-Klausur zunächst eher die Einsicht, dass man bei Online-Prüfungen mit technischen Hilfsmitteln nur beschränkt Betrugsversuchen proaktiv entgegenwirken kann, so bietet dieses Format die Chance, die Anwendung von Wissen durch die Studierenden zu testen und damit im besten Fall kritisches Denken vor dem reinen Auswendiglernen von Fakten zu fördern. Die technischen Anforderungen bei Online-Klausuren stellen eine weitere Hürde dar, die von Prüfern und Studierenden gleichermaßen bewältigt werden muss. Des Weiteren befürchten beide Parteien, dass es bei Online-Prüfungen häufiger zu Täuschungsversuchen kommen könnte. Die Schaffung gleicher Prüfungsbedingungen für alle Prüfungsteilnehmerinnen und -teilnehmern ist ein wichtiger Aspekt, um den Charakter einer Klausur als Aufsichtsarbeit unter chancengleichen Bedingungen zu gewährleisten. Daher sollten nach Empfehlungen die Universitäten eine Videoaufsicht in Echtzeit (ohne Aufzeichnung) durchführen, die am ehesten mit der Klausuraufsicht in Präsenz zu vergleichen ist. Auf Basis der gewonnenen Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse ist davon auszugehen, dass Hochschulen zukünftig verstärkt Gebrauch von innovativen Prüfungsverfahren machen werden. Die technischen Möglichkeiten sind geschaffen und werden weiter genutzt werden, denn die Vorteile, wie Unabhängigkeit von Raumverfügbarkeiten, Reduktion des Aufsichtspersonals und erleichterte Auswertung, liegen klar auf der Hand.
Ein dynamischer Trachealkollaps bei einem Wagyukalb mit multiplen
Rippenfrakturen nach einer Schwergeburt
Authors: Endriß Kai Josef , Golbeck Lennart , Hellige Maren , Twele Lara , Störk Theresa , Hansmann Florian , Rehage Jürgen , Heppelmann Maike
Published: August 2024

Ein dynamischer Trachealkollaps infolge multipler Rippenfrakturen wurde bei einem
Wagyukalb mit Hilfe von röntgenologischen, endoskopischen und
computertomografischen Untersuchungen diagnostiziert. Es erfolgte ein
konservativer Behandlungsversuch, der in einer Reduktion von Stressfaktoren und
einer medikamentösen, antiinflammatorischen Therapie bestand. Die
respiratorischen Symptome verbesserten sich deutlich, so dass das Kalb in den
Heimatbestand entlassen werden konnte. Nach einigen Wochen ohne Behandlung kam
es zu einer Verschlechterung des Zustands, die wahrscheinlich durch eine
exzessive Kallusbildung im Bereich der Rippenfrakturen mit einer weiteren
Verringerung des Tracheallumens hervorgerufen wurde.
Lahmheit und Schwellung des Metatarsus bei einem Saluki – Könnte es
eine arteriovenöse Fistel sein?
Authors: Schippers Paula Andrea , Meyer-Wilmes Jana , Langenmayer Martin Christoph , Partale Klas
Published: August 2024

Ein 12 Jahre alter Saluki wurde mit einer akuten Lahmheit und plantaren
Schwellung des rechten Metatarsus nach dem Freilauf vorgestellt. Im Röntgen war
lediglich eine Weichteilschwellung zu erkennen, die beteiligten Knochen- und
Gelenkstrukturen zeigten sich unbeteiligt. Einige Monate später kam es zum
Rezidiv der Schwellung. Bei der diesbezüglich durchgeführten
Ultraschalluntersuchung war eine gut vaskularisierte kavernöse Struktur zu
erkennen. Die folgende operative Entfernung und histopathologische Untersuchung
der Struktur ergab den ersten Verdacht auf eine arteriovenöse Fistel, welche
sich auch bei einer zweiten operativen Entfernung nach einem weiteren Rezidiv
histologisch bestätigte. Der vorliegende Fallbericht soll die mögliche
Komplexität einer zunächst einfach zu behandelnden Lahmheit darstellen.
Gleichzeitig liegt das Augenmerk auf der Möglichkeit, dass arteriovenöse Fisteln
zu Rezidiven tendieren können.
Duodenal ileus caused by a cage magnet in a Fleckvieh
cow
Authors: Huber Lisa , Feist Melanie , Knubben-Schweizer Gabriela , Trefz Florian M.
Published: August 2024

The present report aims to describe the case of a duodenal obstruction ileus in a
dairy cow that was caused by a cage magnet. The 4.7-year-old German Fleckvieh
cow was hospitalized because of symptoms of intestinal obstruction such as
anorexia, noticeable drop in milk yield, reduced defecation, dehydration and
positive percussion and swinging auscultation in a circumscribed area cranial of
the right flank over the last 2 ribs. Six months as well as 3 days prior to
hospitalization the cow had already been treated for signs of hardware disease,
which included administration of a cage magnet.

After the initial clinical diagnostic procedure on hospital admission, a
diagnostic laparotomy in the right paralumbar fossa was performed to identify
the cause of the ileus. The cranial part of the duodenum was markedly dilated,
and a solid foreign body was found obstructing the intestine immediately aboral
to the duodenal sigmoid flexure. This was identified as a cage magnet, which was
massaged in retrograde direction into the pyloric antrum and removed via
abomasotomy. The cow recovered from surgical intervention and was discharged
from the hospital 6 days later.

The present report describes an unusual complication of cage magnet
administration, which is a standard veterinary procedure and generally
considered a safe treatment option in cows with clinical signs of acute
traumatic reticuloperitonitis.
Interaction of Purine and its Derivatives with A1,
A2-Adenosine Receptors and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Receptor-1 (Vegf-R1) as a Therapeutic Alternative to Treat
Cancer
Authors: Figueroa Lauro , Rosas Marcela , Alvarez Magdalena , Aguilar Emilio , Mateu Virginia , Bonilla Enrique
Published: August 2024

Background There are several studies that indicate that cancer development
may be conditioned by the activation of some biological systems that involve the
interaction of different biomolecules, such as adenosine and vascular
endothelial growth factor. These biomolecules have been targeted of some drugs
for treat of cancer; however, there is little information on the interaction of
purine derivatives with adenosine and vascular endothelial growth factor
receptor (VEGF-R1).

Objective The aim of this research was to determine the possible
interaction of purine (1) and their derivatives (2–31) with
A1, A2-adenosine receptors, and VEGF-R1.

Methods Theoretical interaction of purine and their derivatives with
A1, A2-adenosine receptors and VEGF-R1 was carried out
using the 5uen, 5mzj and 3hng proteins as theoretical tools. Besides, adenosine,
cgs-15943, rolofylline, cvt-124, wrc-0571, luf-5834, cvt-6883, AZD-4635,
cabozantinib, pazopanib, regorafenib, and sorafenib drugs were used as
controls.

Results The results showed differences in the number of aminoacid residues
involved in the interaction of purine and their derivatives with 5uen, 5mzj and
3hng proteins compared with the controls. Besides, the inhibition constants (Ki)
values for purine and their derivatives 5, 9, 10,
14, 15, 16, and 20 were lower compared with the
controls

Conclusions Theoretical data suggest that purine and their derivatives
5, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, and
20 could produce changes in cancer cell growth through inhibition of
A1, A2-adenosine receptors and VEGFR-1 inhibition.
These data indicate that these purine derivatives could be a therapeutic
alternative to treat some types of cancer.
Boundaries in Kinematic Alignment: Why, When, and How
Authors: Indelli Pier Francesco , Petralia Giuseppe , Ghirardelli Stefano , Valpiana Pieralberto , Aloisi Giuseppe , Salvi Andrea Giordano , Risitano Salvatore
Published: August 2024

The use of alternative alignments in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has recently been increasing in popularity: many of these alignments have been included in the broad spectrum of “kinematic alignment.” This alternative approach was recommended to increase patients' satisfaction since many studies based on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) showed that every fifth patient is not satisfied with the surgical outcome. In fact, the original kinematic alignment technique was designed as a “pure resurfacing” technique, maintaining the preoperative axes (flexion–extension and axial rotation) of the knee. In adjunct, many new classifications of the preoperative limb deformity have been proposed to include a large range of knee anatomies, few of them very atypical. Following those classifications, many surgeons aimed for a reproduction of unusual anatomies putting in jeopardy the survivorship of the implant according to the classical “dogma” of a poor knee kinematics and TKA biomechanics if the final hip–knee–ankle (HKA) axis was not kept within 5 degrees from neutral. This article reviews the literature supporting the choice of setting alignment boundaries in TKA when surgeons are interested in reproducing the constitutional knee anatomy of the patient within a safe range.
The First Observational Study of Acute Medical Unit in Qatar
Authors: Elzouki Abdel-Naser , Iqbal Phool , Zahid Mohammed , Kamal Ijaz , Kartha Anand , Al-Tekreti Mustafa , Al-Muhanadi Dabia , Al-Mohamed Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Background Acute medical unit (AMU) is a dedicated facility to treat patients with acute medical conditions requiring a short hospital stay (< 72 hours) with the support of a multidisciplinary team led by a medical consultant. We aim to present a study of the AMU model of care from Qatar to provide insight into its effects on patient care and management.

Methods Retrospective data from AMU facility at Hamad General Hospital (HGH), Doha, Qatar, was collected from January 2019 to December 2020 from the electronic patient record. The data were analyzed for demographic characteristics of the patients, length of stay (LOS), readmission rate, and postdischarge follow-up. The effectiveness of the AMU system was studied closely from this data. An extensive literature search was also performed for comparative results analysis in other AMU facilities outside Qatar.

Results Total admissions under the AMU facility were 8,371 from january2019 to December 2020. The 28 days readmission rate was 10.25 and 9.9% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The average LOS was approximately 3.2 days. Around 88.7% of the patients were discharged home, 7.8% were admitted to medical wards due to longer stays, and 0.5% left against medical advice. Most of the patients admitted under AMU were 18 to 60 years old. The top primary diagnoses of admissions were minor stroke, transient ischemic attack, chest infection, urinary tract infections, and gastrointestinal and liver diseases. The most common comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, acute kidney injury, and chronic kidney disease. A total of 2,858 patients were booked for a follow-up visit in the postdischarge clinic on discharge from the AMU for the year 2019 and 2020. The analysis of these followed up patients showed 73% of patients were discharged from clinic after first visit while the readmission from clinic was on only 1% (28 patients for year 2019 and 2020).

Conclusion Attentive patient care under AMU with a designated multidisciplinary medical team led by an internal medicine consultant is the cornerstone for the success of the AMU unit. This unit has proven very helpful for the smooth disposition of patients from the emergency department with reduced LOS, readmission rate, and overall mortality.
Complications and Long-Term Outcome in 30 Canine Total Hip Arthroplasties Using a Second-Generation Selective Laser Melted Screw Cup
Authors: Huels Nikolaus , Dautzenberg Philipp , Keim Dana , Harms Oliver , Siedenburg Johannes
Published: August 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to report complications and outcomes of a cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) system with a second-generation selective laser-melted screw cup (SCSL).

Study Design All THA using the SCSL performed at a single institution between January 2017 and November 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months and complete medical records were included and analyzed for radiographic and clinical outcomes.

Results Thirty THA with SCSL in 23 dogs were included in this study. Complications were observed in seven hips, comprising two minor and five major complications, with two hips experiencing two major complications. Among these seven major complications, six were associated with the femoral implant and one involved cup luxation. Of the 30 THA, 4 were explanted, while 26 remained in place for a median follow-up of 17.5 months (range, 12–38 months).

Conclusion No cases of late aseptic loosening were observed with SCSL. THA using SCSL helps reduce cup-associated complications and is appropriate for THA surgery, and the overall complication rate is comparable with that of other single-implant systems. Nevertheless, four hips were explanted.
DNA damage-induced proteasome phosphorylation controls substrate recognition and facilitates DNA repair
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Zhu Tianyi , Li Xuemei , Zhao Hongxia , Lin Shixian , Huang Jun , Yang Bing , Guo Xing
Published: August 2024

Upon DNA damage, numerous proteins are targeted for ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation, which is an integral part of the DNA repair program. Although details of the ubiquitination processes have been intensively studied, little is known about whether and how the 26S proteasome is regulated in the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we show that human Rpn10/PSMD4, one of the three ubiquitin receptors of the 26S proteasome, is rapidly phosphorylated in response to different types of DNA damage. The phosphorylation occurs at Rpn10-Ser266 within a conserved SQ motif recognized by ATM/ATR/DNA-PK. Blockade of S266 phosphorylation attenuates homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair and sensitizes cells to genotoxic insults. In vitro and in cellulo experiments indicate that phosphorylation of S266, located in the flexible linker between the two ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIMs) of Rpn10, alters the configuration of UIMs, and actually reduces ubiquitin chain (substrate) binding. As a result, essential DDR proteins such as BRCA1 are spared from premature degradation and allowed sufficient time to engage in DNA repair, a scenario supported by proximity labeling and quantitative proteomic studies. These findings reveal an inherent self-limiting mechanism of the proteasome that, by controlling substrate recognition through Rpn10 phosphorylation, fine-tunes protein degradation for optimal responses under stress.
Circadian and environmental signal integration in a natural population of
Arabidopsis
Authors: Nishio Haruki , Cano-Ramirez Dora L. , Muranaka Tomoaki , de Barros Dantas Luíza Lane , Honjo Mie N. , Sugisaka Jiro , Kudoh Hiroshi , Dodd Antony N.
Published: August 2024

Plants sense and respond to environmental cues during 24 h fluctuations in their environment. This requires the integration of internal cues such as circadian timing with environmental cues such as light and temperature to elicit cellular responses through signal transduction. However, the integration and transduction of circadian and environmental signals by plants growing in natural environments remains poorly understood. To gain insights into 24 h dynamics of environmental signaling in nature, we performed a field study of signal transduction from the nucleus to chloroplasts in a natural population of
Arabidopsis halleri.
Using several modeling approaches to interpret the data, we identified that the circadian clock and temperature are key regulators of this pathway under natural conditions. We identified potential time-delay steps between pathway components, and diel fluctuations in the response of the pathway to temperature cues that are reminiscent of the process of circadian gating. We found that our modeling framework can be extended to other signaling pathways that undergo diel oscillations and respond to environmental cues. This approach of combining studies of gene expression in the field with modeling allowed us to identify the dynamic integration and transduction of environmental cues, in plant cells, under naturally fluctuating diel cycles.
Bandwidth modulation and pulse characterization of passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser
Authors: Muhammad Farah Diana , Hamdan Khalilah Zatiliman
Published: August 2024

We demonstrate the modulation of laser bandwidth by utilizing an ultranarrow tunable bandpass filter (UNTBF) in a passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser. The passive Q-switch mechanism is enabled by using carbon nanotubes as saturable absorber at a Q-switched threshold of 35.5 mW. Based on spectral filtering effect introduced by the UNTBF, the 3 dB laser bandwidth can be tuned from 0.016 nm to 0.478 nm at a fixed pump power of 75.9 mW. The corresponding pulse behavior for each different bandwidth is characterized, and the results reveals that the pulse width can be as well tuned from 7.8 to 2.6 μs against the laser bandwidth, which agrees with the rule of time-bandwidth product. Correspondingly, the pulse repetition rate and the pulse energy vary from 16.23 kHz to 26.16 kHz and from 0.67 to 1.03 μJ respectively across the laser bandwidth. Further investigation of the pulse performance is performed against the pump power increment up to 107.2 mW. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of spectrum bandwidth modulation in a passively Q-switched fiber laser, which can be useful for fully exploiting the possibilities of Q-switched pulse applications.
Effects of phase separation on extinction times in population models
Authors: Schüttler Janik , Jack Robert L , Cates Michael E
Published: August 2024

We study the effect of phase-separating diffusive dynamics on the mean time to extinction (MTE) in several reaction-diffusion models with slow reactions. We consider a continuum theory similar to model AB, and a simple model where individual particles on two sites undergo on-site reactions and hopping between the sites. In the slow-reaction limit, we project the models’ dynamics onto suitable one-dimensional reaction coordinates, which allows the derivation of quasi-equilibrium effective free energies. For weak noise, this enables characterisation of the MTE. This time can be enhanced or suppressed by the addition of phase separation, compared with homogeneous reference cases. We discuss how Allee effects can be affected by phase separation, including situations where the tendency to phase-separate renders an otherwise stable population unstable.
Analysis of SIS epidemic model in bi-uniform hypernetworks
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Zhang Juping , Liu Maoxing , Jin Zhen
Published: August 2024

To describe the dynamics of epidemic spread with multiple individuals interacting with each other, we develop a susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) spread model with collective and individual contagion in general hypernetworks with higher-order interactions. The constructed model is applied to a bi-uniform hypernetwork to obtain a mean-field model for the SIS model. The threshold value at which an epidemic can spread in the bi-uniform hypernetwork is obtained and analyzed dynamically. By analysis, the model leads to bistability, in which a disease-free equilibrium and an endemic equilibrium coexist. Finally, numerical simulations of the developed model are carried out to give the effect of the proportion of individual contagion hyperedges on the spread of an epidemic.
CFD study on wake characteristics of a dual rotor wind turbine using different turbulence models
Authors: Yang Dinghua , Gu Xun , Li Changjie , Lin Fei , Jiang Zhiwei , Yang Minglong , Liu Zhenqing , Qi Zhihui , He Lanfei , Wu Songxiong
Published: August 2024

The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is widely used in wind turbine wake characteristics simulation. The dual-rotor wind turbine has attracted the attention of researchers because of the wind energy utilization rate that is difficult to surpass by the traditional single-rotor wind turbine. Using the CFD method to study the wake of the fan needs to complete the steps of modeling, meshing, simulation, and post-processing. Reynolds average Navier-Stokes (RANS) model and large eddy simulation (LES) model are two commonly used turbulence models in CFD calculation. The flow field can be simulated efficiently and accurately by using the considerate hybrid grid. This paper uses a full-scale wind turbine model, body-fitted hybrid grid, RANS, and LES turbulence models to conduct CFD numerical simulation on a dual-rotor wind turbine to analyze its wake characteristics. It was found that the LES model shows obvious advantages in instantaneous wind speed and vorticity, and the richness of its details is more helpful for researchers in analyzing the results accurately. The dual-rotor wind turbine shows the fusion of two wind turbine wakes in the far wake region, resulting in the expansion of the wake region and the irregularity of the far wake region.