bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fifteen years on – early intervention for a new generation
Authors: Marwaha Steven , Thompson Andrew , Upthegrove Rachel , Broome Matthew R.
Published: September 2016

Early intervention for psychosis (EIP) is a model of service delivery that aims to support young people with first-episode psychosis by providing the best available treatments, supporting recovery and preventing relapse. In this editorial, we review the evidence for EIP, how the model has developed since its inclusion in the NHS policy implementation guideline for mental health in 2001, challenges and areas of ongoing debate, and future development.
Innovative Breast Cancer Awareness and Advocacy Campaign
Authors: Salako Omolola , Roberts Alero A. , Isibor Victor I. , Babatunde Oluwatimilehin , Fatiregun Omolara , Nwogu Chukwumere N.
Published: September 2016

Breast cancer is a major disease in Nigeria; in 2012, 27,304 new occurrences were diagnosed, and the number of mortalities was 13,960. Greater than 70% of patients present with advanced disease, which has a poor survival outcome. The mortality rates are high mainly because of a lack of awareness about breast health, screening guidelines, and treatment centers, and because of sociocultural barriers. In Nigeria, health care professionals remain the backbone for the provision of medical information to the public. This is a study of the innovative ways that breast health and cancer awareness were promoted across communities and institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria, in 2015. Several community awareness campaigns were carried out in the forms of health talks, breast cancer screenings, radio and television interviews, and campaigns on social media. Anomalies noticed during the screenings were promptly referred to appropriate hospitals for additional treatment. The campaign culminated in the #12KLLP, or 12,000 people light Lagos pink, which was a Guinness World Record attempt for the largest human awareness ribbon formed for breast cancer. There was a total reach of 28,774,812 people across platforms: 285,318 were on social media, 3,620 were in communities, 7,466,276 were on the website, 20 million were through media events, 12,000 were through publications, 7,598 were verified participants at the Guinness World Record, and approximately 1 million were through blogs. Eighty partnerships were made with various private and government institutions to facilitate different aspects of the campaign. The community members were able to learn about the need for early detection and awareness; volunteerism and corporate social responsibility were promoted among individuals and corporate institutions.
THE METAPHYSICS OF EXTRA-MODERNS
Authors: Skafish Peter
Published: September 2016

In this conversation, Brazilian anthropologist, philosopher, and political activist Eduardo Viveiros de Castro offers an overview of his thinking, both past and present. After explaining why initially he argued that ontology should be a topic of anthropologists, he discusses his more recent conclusion that indigenous thought should be regarded instead as metaphysical. It is not that la pensée sauvage has an implicit ontology discoverable by the human sciences but, rather, that indigenous people themselves think about metaphysical issues as such. He explains the origins of this position in the ethnographic fieldwork that he undertook in the 1980s with the Awareté of northwestern Brazil and in his and the anthropologist Philippe Descola's parallel engagements with the structuralism of Claude Lévi-Strauss. Finally, Viveiros de Castro addresses the political stakes of ascribing metaphysics to alien and marginal peoples, clarifying what he means by the “permanent decolonization of thought.”
RELATIVISM VERSUS ABSOLUTISM
Authors: Bloor David
Published: September 2016

This essay is a follow-up to a previous article by the author, “Epistemic Grace: Antirelativism as Theology in Disguise,” published in Common Knowledge 13, nos. 2–3 (2007): 250–80. Its central claim was that relativism and absolutism should be understood as categories that are mutually exclusive and jointly exhaustive; the two categories form a dichotomy, and thus the rejection of absolutism is a necessary and sufficient condition for the embrace of relativism and vice versa. Daniel Paksi, in a essay titled “Relativism or Absolutism? David Bloor and the Snares of an Unfortunate Dichotomy,” claims that it is possible to adopt a position, a “third way,” that is neither relativist nor absolutist. He proposes that the “emergentism” of Michael Polanyi is such a third way. In response, David Bloor argues that Paksi's proposed third way is beset by profound and well-known problems of obscurity—specifically, by what is sometimes called the two-worlds problem. Bloor claims that the dichotomy of relativism and absolutism is more intelligible and more defensible than the emergentism that Paksi defends and concludes that the only ism between relativism and absolutism is obscurantism.
Governing the Metal–Molecule Interface: Towards New Functionality in Single-Molecule Junctions
Authors: Kiguchi Manabu , Fujii Shintaro
Published: September 2016

Single-molecule junctions, in which a single molecule bridges a gap between metal electrodes, have attracted significant attention due to their potential applications in ultra-small electronic devices and their unique structure. Single-molecule junctions are one-dimensional nanomaterials having two metal–molecule interfaces. Thus, unconventional properties and functionalities that would not be observed in other phases (e.g., isolated molecules and bulk crystals) are expected to appear in these nanomaterials. Despite interest in these expected unconventional properties, several issues have been noted with the investigation and practical application of the unique properties of single-molecule junctions.

To explore new functionality, we have investigated single-molecule junctions using a combined approach comprising fabrication, characterization, and measurement. First, we have explored a new generation of the metal–molecule interfaces formed by direct π-bonding. The interfaces made by the direct π-bonding have increased electronic conductance at the single-molecule junction, reaching the theoretical limit, 1 G0 (2e2/h), which is the conductance of typical metal monoatomic contacts. Secondly, we have developed new characterization techniques combined with a variety of spectroscopic methods to observe a single molecule confined between metal electrodes. This has allowed us to reveal structural and electronic details of single-molecule junctions, such as the number of molecules, molecular species, interface-structure, electronic structure, and dynamics. Based on the development of the metal–molecule interface structures and the combined spectroscopic characterization techniques, we have searched for new single-molecule junction functionality. By controlling the metal–molecule interface structures, single molecular switching functionality with multiple conductance states and a programmable single-molecule junction with various electronic functionalities have been realized. Our newly developed interface structure, characterization technique, and the functionality of the single-molecule junction opens the door for future research in the field of single-molecule junctions.
Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation study of inositol phosphorylceramide synthase – inhibitor complex in leishmaniasis: Insight into the structure based drug design
Authors: Mandlik Vineetha , Singh Shailza
Published: September 2016

Inositol phosphorylceramide synthase (IPCS) has emerged as an important, interesting and attractive target in the sphingolipid metabolism of Leishmania. IPCS catalyzes the conversion of ceramide to IPC which forms the most predominant sphingolipid in Leishmania. IPCS has no mammalian equivalent and also plays an important role in maintaining the infectivity and viability of the parasite. The present study explores the possibility of targeting IPCS; development of suitable inhibitors for the same would serve as a treatment strategy for the infectious disease leishmaniasis. Five coumarin derivatives were developed as inhibitors of IPCS protein. Molecular dynamics simulations of the complexes of IPCS with these inhibitors were performed which provided insights into the binding modes of the inhibitors. In vitro screening of the top three compounds has resulted in the identification of one of the compounds (compound 3) which shows little cytotoxic effects. This compound therefore represents a good starting point for further in vivo experimentation and could possibly serve as an important drug candidate for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
The significance of the personality traits of schizophrenic patients and their therapists for the therapeutic relationship
Authors: Bielańska Anna , Cechnicki Andrzej , Hanuszkiewicz Igor
Published: September 2016

Cel

1/Analiza zależności pomiędzy oceną relacji przez terapeutów i pacjentów 2/ Analiza związku pomiędzy cechami osobowości terapeutów a oceną relacji z perspektywy pacjentów i terapeutów 3/Analiza związku pomiędzy cechami osobowości pacjentów a oceną relacji z perspektywy terapeutów i pacjentów 4/ Analiza związku pomiędzy wiekiem i płcią oraz cechami osobowości terapeutów i pacjentów, a oceną relacji z ich perspektywy.

Metoda

Grupa: Zbadano 34 pacjentów z diagnozą schizofrenii (ICD10) pozostających w długoterminowej terapii podtrzymującej i ich 11 terapeutów. Metoda: Diadyczny Kwestionariusz Relacji Terapeuta – Pacjent i kwestionariusz osobowości NEO-FFI Costy i Mcrea. W ocenie wykorzystano współczynniki korelacji Pearsona, oraz przeprowadzono analizę regresji; zmiennymi zależnymi były czynniki kwestionariusza T-P a predyktorami: wyniki uzyskane w skalach NEO-FFI przez pacjentów i terapeutów, ich płeć i wiek.

Wyniki

Poczucie profesjonalizmu u terapeutów było w istotny sposób powiązane z akceptacją terapeuty przez pacjentów (p. 0,032). Terapeuci o większym nasileniu cech Ekstrawersji i Otwartości częściej akceptowali swoich pacjentów (p.0,006, p.0,041), czuli się bardziej profesjonalni (p=0,000, p=0,023) i rzadziej niepewnie w relacji (p.0,013, p.0,048). Pacjenci o większym nasileniu cech Sumienności rzadziej odrzucali terapeutów (p. 0,004) i rzadziej spostrzegali ich jako niepewnych (p.0,007). Wyższy poziom Neurotyczności pacjentów związany był z większą niepewnością terapeutów w relacji (p=0,039).

Wnioski

1/ Profesjonalizm terapeutów związany był z większą akceptacją przez pacjentów. 2/ Ekstrawersja i Otwartość terapeuty są związane z jego postawą wobec pacjenta, ale nie pozostają w związku z przeżywaniem relacji przez pacjenta. 3/Sumienność i Neurotyczność pacjenta są związane z jego spostrzeganiem terapeuty w relacji, jak również z przeżywaniem relacji przez terapeutę.
Depression with atypical features in various kinds of affective disorders
Authors: Buzuk Grzegorz , Łojko Dorota , Owecki Maciej , Ruchała Marek , Rybakowski Janusz
Published: September 2016

Cel

Ocena nasilania objawów atypowych w różnych rodzajach zaburzeń depresyjnych przy zastosowaniu autorskiego kwestionariusza dla objawów depresji atypowej.

Metoda

Do badań zakwalifikowano 70 pacjentów z rozpoznaniem epizodu depresji w przebiegu zaburzeń depresyjnych nawracających, 54 pacjentów z rozpoznaniem epizodu depresji w przebiegu choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej (ChAD) oraz 58 pacjentów z rozpoznaniem dystymii. Do oceny stopnia nasilenia poszczególnych objawów atypowych stworzono specjalny kwestionariusz. W każdej grupie diagnostycznej połowa z badanych miała prawidłową masę ciała, a połowa miała nadwagę lub otyłość (BMI>25).

Wyniki

Osoby z różnymi rodzajami depresji nie różniły się statystycznie istotnie między sobą pod względem czynników klinicznych i demograficznych. Bardziej nasilone u kobiet były takie objawy depresji atypowej, jak nadmierne łaknienie, przyrost masy ciała i uczucie paraliżu ołowianego. W grupie depresji w przebiegu ChAD istotnie częściej wystąpiły nadmierna senność (w porównaniu z dystymią) i uczucie paraliżu ołowianego (w porównaniu z depresją okresową i dystymią). U chorych z nadmierną masą ciała nasilenie objawów atypowych korelowało wprost proporcjonalnie ze wskaźnikiem masy ciała i nasileniem depresji mierzonym w skali Hamiltona. W grupie tej wszystkie badane objawy depresji atypowej wystąpiły istotnie częściej u chorych na depresję w przebiegu ChAD.

Wnioski

Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na częstsze występowanie objawów depresji atypowej w ChAD w porównaniu z depresją okresową nawracającą i dystymią. Mogą również wskazywać na istnienie wzajemnej zależności między objawami depresji atypowej, choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej i otyłości.
The sense of body ownership in schizophrenia: research in the rubber hand illusion paradigm
Authors: Mirucka Beata
Published: September 2016

Cel

Głównym celem prezentowanych badań była eksploracja zjawiska podatności na zakłócenia poczucia własności swojego ciała, wywoływanego eksperymentalnie u osób chorych na schizofrenię. Dążono do odpowiedzi na następujące pytania badawcze: 1) Czy RHI w grupie osób ze schizofrenią jest znacząco bardziej intensywna niż w grupie osób bez diagnozy choroby psychicznej? 2) Czy zaburzenia poczucia własności ciała pozostają w istotnym związku z poziomem organizacji osobowości, wyrażonym konstelacją najczęściej uruchamianych mechanizmów obronnych?, oraz 3) Czy zaburzenia poczucia własności ciała wiążą się z najczęstszym uruchamianiem konkretnych mechanizmów obronnych?

Metoda

W badaniach wzięły udział 64 osoby, w tym 31 osób z diagnozą schizofrenii wg ICD-10 (93,5% typ paranoidalny i 6,5% typ zdezorganizowany) oraz 33 bez diagnozy choroby psychicznej. Badania przeprowadzone zostały w paradygmacie Iluzji Gumowej Ręki (RHI). Wykorzystane zostały następujące narzędzia badawcze: Kwestionariusz RHI Botvinicka i Cohena oraz Kwestionariusz Stylów Obronnych Bonda.

Wyniki

Między grupą kontrolna a grupą osób ze schizofrenią stwierdzono istotne różnice: 1) w intensywności RHI (F(1, 62) = 121,86; p < 0,001), jak również 2) na poziomie mechanizmów neurotycznych (F(1, 62) = 28,21; p < 0,001) i mechanizmów niedojrzałych (F(1, 62) = 36,71; p < 0,001). W grupie osób ze schizofrenią najintensywniej uruchamiane są mechanizmy z grupy niedojrzałych, natomiast w grupie kontrolnej dominującymi w konstelacji mechanizmów obronnych są mechanizmy z grupy dojrzałych i neurotycznych.

Wnioski

Osoby ze schizofrenią znacznie intensywniej, w porównaniu do osób z grupy kontrolnej, ulegają zakłóceniom poczucia własności ciała. Intensywność RHI ma związek z poziomem organizacji osobowości, oraz z najczęstszym uruchamianiem mechanizmów z grupy niedojrzałych, zwłaszcza fantazji schizoidalnych i projekcji.
Empowering families with the experience of mental illness.
A presentation of the Polish version of CAMILLE training package
Authors: Tabak Izabela , Zabłocka-Żytka Lidia , Czabała Jan
Published: September 2016

Artykuł ma na celu zaprezentowanie programu szkolenia CAMILLE, opracowanego w ramach projektu Unii Europejskiej Empowerment of Children and Adolescents of Mentally Ill Parents through Training of Professionals working with children and adolescents. Pakiet szkoleniowy CAMILLE przeznaczony jest dla psychiatrów, psychologów, pracowników socjalnych, nauczycieli i innych pracowników, którzy pracują z dziećmi i młodzieżą z rodzin, w których rodzic doświadcza zaburzeń psychicznych. Projekt realizowany był w czterech etapach: (1) badania wstępne (ilościowe i jakościowe) profesjonalistów, członków rodzin i osób doświadczających zaburzeń psychicznych, dotyczące potrzeb, doświadczeń i oczekiwań w zakresie kształcenia profesjonalistów zajmujących się rodzinami osób z chorobami psychicznymi; (2) opracowanie nowego ogólnoeuropejskiego programu szkolenia dla specjalistów pracujących z rodzinami osób chorych psychicznie; (3) Pre-pilotażowe wdrożenie szkolenia wraz ze wstępną ewaluacją; (4) opracowanie ostatecznej wersji szkolenia i pilotażowe wdrożenie w 7 krajach uczestniczących w projekcie, w tym w Polsce. Opracowano program szkolenia składający się z 9 tematów, podzielonych na 3 główne grupy: podstawowa wiedza (dotycząca zaburzeń zdrowia psychicznego, prawidłowego rozwoju dziecka oraz przywiązania), doświadczenia i potrzeby rodzin (doświadczenia rodziców, dzieci, stygmatyzacja), metody wspomagania rodziny (komunikacja z dziećmi, odporność, skutecznie działające instytucje). Pilotażowe wdrożenie programu pokazało duże zainteresowanie profesjonalistów tematyką i formą szkolenia, przeprowadzona ewaluacja pokazała istotne pozytywne efekty szkolenia w zakresie wzrostu świadomości wpływu choroby rodzica na potrzeby dziecka oraz umiejętności rodzicielskie rodzica, a także umiejętności budowania odporności dziecka. Szkolenie CAMILLE jest wartościowym programem, który może być wdrożony w Polsce.
Bartosz Grabski: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHIATRIC ASSESSMENT FOR STUDENTS, PHYSICIANS, PSYCHOLOGISTS AND PSYCHOTHERAPISTS
Authors: Mączka Grzegorz
Published: September 2016

no summary
Should left-handed midwives and midwifery students conform to the ‘norm’ or practise intuitively?
Authors: Power Alison , Quilter Julie
Published: September 2016

Many tasks in midwifery are learned and taught from a right-handed perspective, meaning they may prove difficult for people who are left-handed. Experiences of midwives and midwifery students show that there are various barriers to learning and performing certain skills for left-handed people, and they are often forced to choose whether to persist in conforming to the ‘norm’ and using their right hand, or adapt elements of practice to suit left-hand dominance.
Amendments in electronic fetal monitoring and intermittent auscultation
Authors: Sholapurkar Shashikant L
Published: September 2016

Confusion over terminology and disagreement about the best methods make fetal monitoring a controversial topic. Shashikant L Sholapurkar argues that current guidelines may not be robust and that midwives should take an active role in debating and bringing about reforms.
8 ‘must-know’ secrets to success
Authors: Brooks Janine
Published: September 2016

Janine Brooks MBE draws on her vast experience and shares her inside knowledge on what it takes to enjoy an amazing dental nursing career
‘If I had learned the truth at 17’
Authors: Marshall Kathryn
Published: September 2016

Kathryn Marshall reflects on her career and considers how she would have done things differently, knowing what she knows now – it may even help you find the right pathway!
Are your habitual reactions harmful?
Authors: Bradbury Sarah
Published: September 2016

As a dental professional, there's a strong possibility that you may have experienced discomfort or pain in your back from working in a dental surgery, as well as the feelings of stress or pressure. Each of these experiences can have a negative effect on your life and work
Show the red card on sports drinks
Authors: Morgan Maria , Fairchild Ruth , Broughton David
Published: September 2016

Dental Nursing hears from Maria Morgan, Ruth Fairchild and David Broughton about their recent study of sports drinks and the impact on children's dental health
I want my records and I want them now!
Authors: Collier Andrew
Published: September 2016

Some patients consider records are ‘theirs’ and should be available for them to take away, if requested. But what does this mean for you, asks Andrew Collier
Prediction of rebound phenomenon after removal of hemiepiphyseal staples in patients with idiopathic genu valgum deformity
Authors: Park S-S. , Kang S. , Kim J. Y.
Published: September 2016

Aims

Our aim was to investigate the predictive factors for the development of a rebound phenomenon after temporary hemiepiphysiodesis in children with genu valgum.

Patients and Methods

We studied 37 limbs with idiopathic genu valgum who were treated with hemiepiphyseal stapling, and with more than six months remaining growth at removal of the staples. All children were followed until skeletal maturity or for more than two years after removal of the staples.

Results

On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the rate of correction, body mass index (BMI), age, and initial valgus angle were significantly associated with a rebound phenomenon. With those characteristics, a predictive model for rebound was generated using recursive partitioning analysis. Children with a rapid rate of correction had the most frequent and severe rebound phenomenon (incidence 79%, mean 4°), whereas those with a slow rate of correction had less rebound when they had low BMI (43%, 2°) and none when the BMI was ≥ 21 kg/m2.

Conclusion

This is the first study to evaluate a predictive model for a rebound phenomenon after temporary hemiepiphysiodesis in children with idiopathic genu valgum. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1270–5.
CT-based morphological assessment of the hip joint in Japanese patients
Authors: Mineta K. , Goto T. , Wada K. , Tamaki Y. , Hamada D. , Tonogai I. , Higashino K. , Sairyo K.
Published: September 2016

Aims

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been highlighted and well documented primarily in Western countries and there are few large studies focused on FAI-related morphological assessment in Asian patients. We chose to investigate this subject.

Patients and Methods

We assessed the morphology of the hip and the prevalence of radiographic FAI in Japanese patients by measuring predictors of FAI. We reviewed a total of 1178 hips in 695 men and 483 women with a mean age of 58.2 years (20 to 89) using CT images that had been obtained for reasons unrelated to symptoms from the hip. We measured the lateral centre edge angle, acetabular index, crossover sign, alpha angle and anterior femoral head-neck offset ratio.

Results

A total of 441 hips (37.4%) had pincer-type deformity (41.7% men, 31.3% women) and 534 (45.3%) had cam-type deformity (54.4% men, 32.3% women). Moreover, 773 hips (65.6%) had at least one parameter that predisposes to FAI (74.0% men, 53.6% women) and 424 hips (36.0%) had two or more parameters (43.6% men, 25.0% women).

Conclusion

The prevalence of radiographic FAI was common in Japanese patients who are generally considered to have dysplastic hips. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1167–74.
The fate of Baker’s cyst after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Hommel H. , Perka C. , Kopf S.
Published: September 2016

Aims

It is widely held that most Baker’s cysts resolve after treatment of the intra-articular knee pathology. The present study aimed to evaluate the fate of Baker’s cysts and their associated symptoms after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Patients and Methods

In this prospective cohort study, 102 patients with (105 were included, however three were lost to follow-up) an MRI-verified Baker’s cyst, primary osteoarthritis and scheduled for TKA were included. Ultrasound was performed to evaluate the existence and the gross size of the cyst before and at one year after TKA. Additionally, associated symptoms of Baker's cyst were recorded pre- and post-operatively.

Results

After one year, a Baker’s cyst was still present in 87 patients (85%). There was a significant reduction in associated symptoms arising from the Baker’s cyst before (71%) to after surgery (31%). No patients developed a new Baker’s cyst associated symptoms. However, of the 72 patients who had reported Baker’s cyst associated symptoms pre-operatively, 32 patients (44%) still complained of such symptoms one year after surgery.

Conclusion

Baker’s cysts had resolved in only a small number of patients (15%) one year after TKA and symptoms from the cysts persisted in 31%. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1185–8.
The relationship between spinopelvic measurements and patient-reported outcome scores in patients with multiple myeloma of the spine
Authors: Yu H. M. , Malhotra K. , Butler J. S. , Patel A. , Sewell M. D. , Li Y. Z. , Molloy S.
Published: September 2016

Aims

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) develop deposits in the spine which may lead to vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). Our aim was to establish which spinopelvic parameters are associated with the greatest disability in patients with spinal myeloma and VCFs.

Patients and Methods

We performed a retrospective cross-sectional review of 148 consecutive patients (87 male, 61 female) with spinal myeloma and analysed correlations between spinopelvic parameters and patient-reported outcome scores. The mean age of the patients was 65.5 years (37 to 91) and the mean number of vertebrae involved was 3.7 (1 to 15).

Results

The thoracolumbar region was most commonly affected (109 patients, 73.6%), and was the site of most posterior vertebral wall defects (47 patients, 31.8%). Poorer Oswestry Disability Index scores correlated with an increased sagittal vertical axis (p = 0.006), an increased number of VCFs (p = 0.035) and sternal involvement (p = 0.012). Poorer EuroQol visual analogue scale scores correlated with posterior vertebral wall defects in the thoracolumbar region (p = 0.012). The sagittal vertical axis increased with the number of fractures and kyphosis in the thoracolumbar (p = 0.009) and lumbar (p < 0.001) regions.

Conclusions

In MM, patients with VCFs have poorer clinical scores at presentation in the presence of sagittal imbalance. Outcome is particularly affected by multiple fractures in the thoracolumbar and lumbar regions and by failure to prevent kyphosis. Patients with MM should be screened for spinal lesions early. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1234–9.
Prior bariatric surgery may decrease the rate of re-operation and revision following total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Watts C. , Martin J. R. , Houdek M. , Abdel M. , Lewallen D. , Taunton M.
Published: September 2016

Aims

We compared the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in obese patients who previously underwent bariatric surgery and those who did not, in a matched cohort study.

Patients and Methods

There were 47 THAs in the bariatric group (42 patients), and 94 THAs in the comparison group (92 patients). The mean age of the patients was 57 years in both groups (24 to 79) and 57% of the patients in both groups were women. The mean time between bariatric surgery and THA was five years (four months to 12 years) in the bariatric group. The mean follow-up after THA was three years (2 to 9).

Results

The mean BMI improved from 49.7 kg/m2 (35 to 75) prior to bariatric surgery to 35.3 kg/m2 (21 to 49) at the time of THA (p < 0.001). Patients in the comparison group had an increased risk of re-operation (Hazard Ratio (HR) 3.2; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.3 to 9.5, p = 0.01) and revision (HR 5.4; 95% CI 1.5 to 34.5, p = 0.01) when compared with the bariatric group.

Conclusion

Patients had a dramatic improvement in BMI after bariatric surgery and those with prior bariatric surgery had a lower risk of re-operation and revision in the short- and mid-term after a subsequent THA. Larger prospective studies are required before it can be concluded that this extra surgery should be advised in these patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1180–4.
What is a Bristow-Latarjet procedure?
Authors: Cowling P. D. , Akhtar M. A. , Liow R. Y. L.
Published: September 2016

Objectives

A variety of operative techniques have been described as under the term ‘Bristow-Latarjet’ procedure. This review aims to define the original procedure, and compare the variation in techniques described in the literature, assessing any effect on clinical outcomes.

Materials and Methods

A systematic review of 24 studies was performed to compare specific steps of the technique (coracoid osteotomy site, subscapularis approach, orientation and position of coracoid graft fixation and fixation method, additional labral and capsular repair) and detect any effect this variability had on outcomes.

Results

Overall recurrence rate was 5.36% (2.94% to 43%). Half of the studies performed the procedure for recurrent shoulder instability, with only five studies documenting glenoid bone loss as an indication: 12 studies used the procedure as the primary surgical intervention for recurrent instability. No change in outcome was noted when examining variation in the coracoid osteotomy site, the fixation site on the scapular neck, the fixation method or whether a capsular repair was also performed. Performing a horizontal split in subscapularis may preserve external rotation compared with performing a tenotomy.

Conclusions

This is the first review to examine various operative techniques of the Bristow-Latarjet procedure, and their effect on outcome. We found that other than the approach through subscapularis, outcome was independent of the surgical technique, and depended more on patient selection. We would commend future publications on this procedure to provide a detailed description of the surgical technique, and as a minimum present rates of recurrence as an outcome measure. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1208–14.
Tissue doppler imaging in thalassemia major patients: correlation between systolic and diastolic function with serum ferritin level
Authors: Rohimi Syarif , Advani Najib , Sastroasmoro Sudigdo , Mardiyono Bambang , Putra Sukman Tulus , Djer Mulyadi M. , Subroto Fajar
Published: September 2016

Background Thalassemia is a major public health problem inIndonesia. Cardiac diseases remain as the main cause of death inthese patients due to iron overload. Although the T2* magneticresonance imaging has been considered as the gold standard forassessing cardiac iron overload but it has limited availability.The tissue doppler imaging (TDI) echocardiography, a fairly newand easy method that is suggested, can detect early abnormalmyocardial iron overload.Objective To assess myocardial systolic and diastolic functionof thalassemic patients using TDI and examine their correlationwith serum ferritin level.Methods A cross􀁌sectional study was conducted from January toMarch 2011 at the Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital.We performed clinical examination, serum ferritin level, as wellas conventional and tissue doppler echocardiography on allsubjects.Results We included 34 regularly􀁌tranfused patients, of which17 were boys. The mean age of the subjects was 11.6 (SD 4.7years, range 2.6 􀁌 20 years). Mean pulse rate and blood pressurewere within normal range. Hemoglobin level at inclusion rangedfrom 5.8 to 6 g/dL. Almost all patients did not receive regularchelation therapy. Median serum ferritin level was 6275 ng/mL(range 2151 - 17,646 ng/mL). Conventional echocardiographyshowed normal systolic function, but some diastolic dysfunctionswere found including E wave abnormalites in 4 patients, A waveabnormalites in 3, and E/A ratio abnormalites found in 3. TheTDI showed decreased systolic function (Sa wave abnormality) in9 patients and diastolic dysfunctions (Ea wave abnormality in 11patients and Aa wave abnormaly in 2). No abnormality was foundin Ea/Aa and ElEa ratios. There was a weak negative correlationbetween ferritin level and Sa wave and Ea wave respectively anda moderately negative correlation between ferritin level and Ea/Aa ratio. There was no correlation between serum ferritin andAa wave or ElEa ratio.Conclusion TDI identifies a greater number of patients Mthsystolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunction than was revealedby conventional echocardiography. There was a weak negativecorrelation between serum ferritin to Sa wave and Ea wave, and amoderately negative correlation between ferritin and Ea/Aa ratio.There was no correlation between serum ferritin and Aa wave orElEa ratio. [paediatr Indones. 2012;52:187,93].
Obesity accelerates secondary sexual maturity in girls
Authors: Sari Meirina , Prawirohartono Endy Paryanto , Julia Madarina
Published: September 2016

Background Worldwide incidence of obesity in children isincreasing. Obesity may have many health effects includingadvancement of sexual maturity.Objective T he aim of this study was to assess the timing ofsecondary sexual maturation in obese vs. non􀁄obese girls.Methods Subjects were 105 obese and 105 non􀁄obese girls, aged7 to 8 years who had not entered puberty. Breast and pubic hairgrowth, secondary sexual characteristics, were assessed at baselineand every 4 months for two years. Onset of puberty was defined asTanner stage for secondary sexual maturation of 2: breast Tannerstage II (B2) and/or 2: pubic hair Tanner stage II (P2). Survivalanalyses were used to estimate time to puberty in both groups.Cox regressions were used to analyze possible factors affectingsecondary sexual maturation.Results Mean onset of breast budding (B2) was 7.8 (95% CI 7.7to 7.8) years in obese girls vs. 8.6 (95% CI 8.5 to 8.6) years innon􀁄obese girls (P<O.OOl). Mean onset of pub arc he (P2) was 8.7(95% CI 8.6 to 8.8) years in obese girls vs. 9.0 (95% CI 8.9 to 9.0)years in non􀁄obese girls (P<O.OOl). Hazard ratios of obese girlsto experience an earlier secondary sexual maturation at maturitylevel B2, B3 and P2 were 1.34 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.52), 6.91 (95%CI 3.90 to 12.24) and 3.78 (95% CI 2.42 to 5.89), respectively.Conclusions Obesity was associated with earlier onset ofpuberty in girls. Obese girls entered puberty approximately 3 to9 months earlier than their non􀁄obese peers. [Paediatr Indones.2012;52:213-8].
Interleukin-6 and highly sensitive C-reactive protein in obese adolescents
Authors: Kasenda Michael , Tantura Suryadi , Warouw Sarah
Published: September 2016

Background Childhood obesity is a major health concern.Obesity is due to an expansion of adipose tissue mass. This tissueproduces pro􀁞inflarmnatory cytokines, such as interleukin􀁞6 (IL--6).IL􀁞6 is considered to be the chief stimulator of the production ofhighly sensitive C􀁞reactive protein (hsCRP) in the liver. Bothmolecules are responsible for the chronic low􀁞grade inflammatorystate in obese individuals.Objective To assess a correlation between IL􀁞6 and hsCRP inobese adolescents.Methods This cross􀁞sectional study was conducted from Marchto June 2011 in Manado. Subjects were obese and normal bodymass index (BMI) teens aged 13􀁞18 years. Serum glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase (SOOT) and serum glutamic pyruvictransaminase (SOPT) levels were measured to rule out liverimpairment. IL􀁞6 and hsCRP levels were also measured. Data wasanalyzed by Pearson's correlation and linear regression to test forcorrelation between IL--6 and hsCRP levels.Results There was a strongly positive correlation between IL􀁞6and hsCRP levels in obese adolescents (r=0.79 with P<O.OOl).IL--6 and hsCRP levels were not significantly associated in subjectswith normal BMI.Conclusions There was a strongly positive correlation betweenIL--6 and hsCRP levels in obese adolescents, suggestive of anongoing, chronic, low􀁞grade inflammatory state. [PaediatrIndanes.2012;52:219-22].
Lipids contribute to epigenetic control via chromatin structure and functions
Authors: Zhdanov Renad , Schirmer Eric C. , Venkatasubramani Anuroop V. , Kerr Alastair R. W. , Mandrou Elena , Rodriguez-Blanco Giovanny , Kagansky Alexander
Published: September 2016

Isolated cases of experimental evidence over the last few decades have shown that, where specifically tested, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have specific lipid species bound to nucleoproteins of the genome. In vitro, some of these lipid species exhibit stoichiometric association with DNA polynucleotides with differential affinities toward certain secondary and tertiary structures. Hydrophobic interactions with inner nuclear membrane could provide attractive anchor points for lipid-modified nucleoproteins in organizing the dynamic genome and accordingly there are precedents for covalent bonds between lipids and core histones and, under certain conditions, even DNA. Advances in biophysics, functional genomics, and proteomics in recent years brought about the first sparks of light that promises to uncover some coherent new level of the epigenetic code governed by certain types of lipid–lipid, DNA–lipid, and DNA-protein–lipid interactions among other biochemical lipid transactions in the nucleus. Here, we review some of the older and more recent findings and speculate on how critical nuclear lipid transactions are for individual cells, tissues, and organisms.
Fotokunst in Zeiten der Digitalisierung
Authors: Wudtke Birgit
Published: September 2016

»Computer sind gewaltige Instrumente zum Projizieren alternativer Wirklichkeiten, vorher ungeahnter Welten. Aber das alles hat wenig Sinn, solange wir nicht wissen, wozu das alles.« (Vilém Flusser 1990) Seit sich die Computerindustrie in aggressiver Weise der optischen Technologie bemächtigt und der Kunstmarkt von fotografisch anmutenden Bildwerken überschwemmt wird, ist Vilém Flussers Aufforderung, »gegen den Apparat zu spielen«, aktueller denn je. Birgit Wudtke entschlüsselt die (Meta-)Programme der »Apparate« mit Hilfe ausgewählter Theorien und künstlerischer Positionen aus der Perspektive einer schreibenden Praktikerin und wagt eine Neuinterpretation der »Fotokunst« der 1990er Jahre. Sie präsentiert Werke, die zumeist keine Fotografien mehr sind, sondern digitale Collagen, Computergrafiken oder Renderings dreidimensionaler Grafikmodelle. Die Analysen umfassen die Übergangszeit der Digitalisierung von 1990-2010 bis hin zur sogenannten »postdigitalen Phase«.
Das »gute« Unternehmen
Authors: Hagemann-Wilholt Stephanie
Published: September 2016

»Tue Gutes und rede darüber« - das Credo scheint in der Außenkommunikation von Unternehmen allgegenwärtig zu sein. Doch vollkommen neu ist diese Idee nicht. Stephanie Hagemann-Wilholt zeichnet die Entstehungsgeschichte der heutigen Unternehmensberichterstattung über gesellschaftliche Verantwortung nach und legt den Fokus der Analyse auf die Entwicklung von Sozialbilanzen in den 1970er Jahren. Die in dieser Dekade des Umbruchs entstandenen Formen reflektierten ein verändertes öffentliches Verständnis der gesellschaftlichen Aufgaben von Unternehmen. Zugleich zeigt die historische Analyse die Bedeutung wissenschaftlicher Expertise auf, die bis in die gegenwärtigen Debatten um Nachhaltigkeit hineinwirkt.
Orientalismus und demokratische Öffentlichkeit
Authors: Biskamp Floris
Published: September 2016

Seit Jahren wird in politischer Öffentlichkeit und Wissenschaft heftig darüber gestritten, welches Sprechen über den Islam als legitimer Teil demokratischer Debatten zu betrachten ist und welches nicht. Diese Konflikte nimmt Floris Biskamp als Ausgangspunkt für eine theoretische Diskussion von Aushandlungen kultureller Differenz in der demokratischen Öffentlichkeit. Er legt dar, unter welchen Verkürzungen die gängigen Konzepte von Islamophobie, Islamfeindschaft und antimuslimischem Rassismus leiden. Um diese zu überwinden, entwickelt er vor dem Hintergrund von neuerer kritischer Theorie und postkolonialer Theorie ein Konzept von Rassismus als systematisch verzerrtem Kommunikationsverhältnis.
Raum und Behinderung
Authors: Modes Marie-Theres
Published: September 2016

Gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen Raum und der Art, wie wir Menschen wahrnehmen? Marie-Theres Modes diskutiert anhand neuerer raumsoziologischer Theorien, wie Räume - als Katalysatoren - Deutungen von Behinderung beeinflussen und verändern. Anhand einer umfangreichen Feldforschung in einem Hotel, in dem behinderte und nicht behinderte Personen gemeinsam in allen Dienstleistungsbereichen arbeiten, legt sie dar: Die Wahrnehmung von Raum und Behinderung kann als ein sich wechselseitig beeinflussender und sich gegenseitig bedingender Prozess aufgefasst werden.
Andere Märkte
Authors: Mörtenböck Peter , Mooshammer Helge
Published: September 2016

Weltweit gesehen gilt die Hälfte aller ökonomischen Aktivitäten als informell. In Zeiten der globalen Unsicherheit wird heute immer mehr darauf gesetzt, die produktive Energie von Informalität zu integrieren, um wirtschaftliches Wachstum und sozialen Zusammenhalt abzusichern. Informelle Marktplätze und die zahlreichen Konflikte rund um deren Räume und Konventionen bilden sowohl Schauplatz als auch Steuerungsmoment dieser Entwicklung. Von Märkten der Überlebensökonomie bis zum inszenierten ökonomischen Anderssein spürt dieses Buch den Diskursen und Akteuren, Widersprüchen und Potenzialen nach, die neue Formen von Informalität vorantreiben.
Lokaldemokratie und Europäisches Haus
Authors: Hoffmann-Axthelm Dieter
Published: September 2016

Wenn etwas heute die Europäer vereint, dann nicht das große Haus Europa, sondern die historische Unruhe: die Unruhe des Austritts der Einzelnen aus herkömmlichen politischen Bindungen. Daraus resultiert auch die Krise des Nationalstaats und seines politischen Ordnungssystems, der repräsentativen Demokratie. Europa könnte dagegen die Chance der Demokratie sein, sich noch einmal neu zu erfinden. Anzusetzen wäre dafür ganz oben - und ganz unten: Abgabe nationalstaatlicher Macht nach oben zugunsten einer handlungsfähigen EU, und nach unten zugunsten freigestellter lokaler Selbstbestimmung. Nur so kann der grassierende Populismus aufgefangen werden.
From Primitive to Substantive Equality—via Slavery
Authors: Mészáros István
Published: September 2016

Unlike materially grounded and strictly determined primitive equality, the realization of universally shared substantive equality is feasible only at a highly developed level of social/economic advancement that must be combined with the consciously pursued non-hierarchical (and thereby non-antagonistic) regulation of a historically sustainable social reproductive metabolism. That would be a radically different social metabolism, in contrast to all phases of historical development hitherto—including of course the spontaneous primitive equality of the distant past rooted in the grave material constraints of directly imposed natural necessity and struggle for survival.… "Materiality" of that kind, despite its unquestionable substantiveness, as linked to the corresponding hemmed-in "spontaneity," is obviously not enough in order to achieve historical sustainability.… The requirement of materiality, in the case of the human being whose fundamental existential substratum is objectively determined nature, is essential. The seminal condition of materiality with regard to equality can be swept aside or wished out of existence—as a rule in a revealingly discriminatory and class-bound self-serving way—only by some idealist philosophical conception; one that predicates the commendability of some kind of equality (e.g., "in the eyes of God" or "before the Law") and at the same time denies the realizability of materially embodied substantive equality, in its defense of a most iniquitous social order.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Alkaline Pretreatment of Sweet Sorghum Bagasse for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Sudiyani Yanni , Triwahyuni Eka , Muryanto Muryanto , Burhani Dian , Waluyo Joko , Sulaswaty Anny , Abimanyu Haznan
Published: September 2016

Lignocellulosic material, which consist mainly of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, are among the most promising renewable feedstocks for the production of energy and chemicals.   The bagasse residue of sweet sorghum can be utilized as raw material for alternative energy such as bioethanol.  Bioethanol production consists of pretreatment, saccharification, fermentation and purification process.  The pretreatment process was of great importance to ethanol yield.  In the present study, alkaline pretreatment was conducted using a steam explosion reactor at 1300C with concentrations of NaOH  6, and 10% (kg/L) for 10, and 30 min.  For ethanol production separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process were conducted with 30 FPU of Ctec2 and Htec2 enzyme and yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.   The results showed that maximum cellulose conversion to total glucose plus xylose were showed greatest with NaOH 10% for 30 min.  The highest yield of ethanol is 96.26% and high concentration of ethanol 66.88 g/L were obtained at SSF condition during 48 h process. Using SSF process could increase yields and concentration of ethanol with less energy process. Article History: Received January 16th 2016; Received in revised form May 25th 2016; Accepted June 28th 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Sudiyani, Y., Triwahyuni, E., Muryanto, Burhani, D., Waluyo, J. Sulaswaty, A. and Abimanyu, H. (2016) Alkaline Pretreatment of Sweet Sorghum Bagasse for Bioethanol Production. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(2), 113-118.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.2.113-118
Performance characteristics of mix oil biodiesel blends with smoke emissions
Authors: Mohite Sanjay , Kumar Sudhir , Maji Sagar
Published: September 2016

Fossil fuel resources are being depleted day by day and its use affects the environment adversely. Renewable energy is one of the alternate for sustainable development and biodiesel is one of the suitable alternate which can replace the diesel. The major hurdles in the successful commercialization of biodiesel are high feedstock cost and conversion technology to reduce viscosity. The choice of raw material and biodiesel production method must depend upon techno-economical view. There are some specific regions for different types of oil availability. It is therefore required to produce biodiesel from the mixture of oils to fulfill the requirements of energy demand in a particular country according to its suitability and availability of feedstock. Karanja and Linseed crops  are abundantly available in India. Biodiesel was produced from a mixture of Karanja and Linseed oils by alkaline transesterification. In this experimental study, biodiesel blends of 10%, 20% and 30% were used with diesel in a diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm with varying brake powers (loads) from 0.5 kW to 3.5kW to evaluate brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption,  brake specific energy consumption, exhaust gas temperature, mechanical efficiency, volumetric efficiency, air fuel ratio and smoke opacity. They were compared with diesel and found satisfactory. BTE was found to be  28.76% for B10 at 3.5kW load.  Smoke opacity was also found to be reduced with all blends. Smoke opacity was found to be reduced up to 10.23% for B10 biodiesel blend as compared to that of diesel at 3.5kW. Experimental investigation  has revealed that  biodiesel produced from a mixture of Karanja and Linseed oils can be successfully used in diesel engines without any engine modification  and B10 was found to be an optimum biodiesel blend in terms of brake thermal efficiency. Article History: Received April 14th 2016; Received in revised form June 25th 2016; Accepted July 10th 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Mohite. S, Kumar, S. &  Maji, S.  (2016) Performance  characteristics of mix oil biodiesel blends with smoke emissions. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(2), 163-170.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.2.163-170
MPPT Schemes for PV System under Normal and Partial Shading Condition: A Review
Authors: Sameeullah Malik , Swarup Akhilesh
Published: September 2016

The photovoltaic system is one of the renewable energy device, which directly converts solar radiation into electricity. The I-V characteristics of PV system are nonlinear in nature and under variable Irradiance and temperature, PV system has a single operating point where the power output is maximum, known as Maximum Power Point (MPP) and the point varies on changes in atmospheric conditions and electrical load. Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) is used to track MPP of solar PV system for maximum efficiency operation. The various MPPT techniques together with implementation are reported in literature. In order to choose the best technique based upon the requirements, comprehensive and comparative study should be available. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of various MPPT techniques for uniform insolation and partial shading conditions. Furthermore, the comparison of practically accepted and widely used techniques has been made based on features, such as control strategy, type of circuitry, number of control variables and cost. This review work provides a quick analysis and design help for PV systems. Article History: Received March 14, 2016; Received in revised form June 26th 2016; Accepted July 1st 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Sameeullah, M. and Swarup, A. (2016). MPPT Schemes for PV System under Normal and Partial Shading Condition: A Review. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(2), 79-94.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.2.79-94