bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functionalized Scaffold and Barrier Membrane with Anti‐BMP‐2 Monoclonal Antibodies for Alveolar Ridge Preservation in a Canine Model
Authors: Min Seiko , Kim Taewan , Kim Oksu , Goncalo Carames , Utsunomiya Tadahiko , Matsumoto Takashi , Kuyama Kayo , Angelov Nikola
Published: September 2020

Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of anti‐bone morphogenetic protein 2 monoclonal antibody (anti‐BMP‐2 mAb) to functionalize scaffolds to mediate bone regeneration in a canine model. Materials and Methods. The mandibular right premolar 4 (PM4) was extracted in eight beagle dogs and grafted with anti‐BMP‐2 mAb+anorganic bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (ABBM‐C) and porcine bilayer native collagen membrane (CM). The ABBM‐C and CM were functionalized with either anti‐BMP‐2 mAb (test group) or an isotype matched control mAb (control group). Animals were euthanized at 12 weeks for radiographic, histologic, and histomorphometric analyses. Outcomes were compared between groups. Results. 3D imaging using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed that sites treated with ABBM‐C and CM functionalized with anti‐BMP‐2 mAb exhibited significantly more remaining bone width near the alveolar crest, as well as buccal bone height, compared with control groups. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses demonstrated that in anti‐BMP‐2 mAb‐treated sites, total tissue volume was significantly higher in the coronal part of the alveolar bone crest compared with control sites. In anti‐BMP‐2 mAb‐treated sites, bone formation was observed under the barrier membrane. Conclusion. Functionalization of the ABBM‐C scaffold and CM appeared to have led to bone formation within healing alveolar bone sockets.
Efficacy of Acupoints Dual‐Frequency Low‐Level Laser Therapy on Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Liao Fang-Yin , Lin Chien-Lin , Lo Sui-Foon , Chang Chun-Ching , Liao Wen-Yen , Chou Li-Wei
Published: September 2020

Background. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) presented with knee pain and limitation of mobility is common, and it may become a chronic problem resulting in major loss of function, with related impaired activity of daily living. Current traditional therapy for knee OA includes pharmacological treatment and physiotherapy, but the efficacies are limited. An alternative noninvasive treatment low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) applied to acupoints is still contradictory and the efficacy needs to be assessed. Methods and Materials. We conduct the randomized double‐blind control study to investigate the efficacy of a dual‐frequency LLLT (combines red light (780 nm) and near‐infrared light (830 nm)) in patients suffering knee OA. Participates were randomly assigned into active laser therapy (ALT) and placebo laser therapy (PLT) groups. Subjects in the ALT group were separately treated by laser apparatus at the three acupoints (SP9, SP10, and EX‐LE2) on their knee joints under continuous radiation for 15 min at the maximum intensity, three times per week for four weeks. The PLT group used laser apparatus of the same model according to similar procedures without laser light emission. Outcome Measurements including visual analog scale (VAS), pain pressure threshold (PPT), and Lequesne index were used. Results. A total of 30 subjects with two‐sided knee OA in both groups completed the experiment. Statistically significant decreases were observed in the Lequesne index (5.27 ± 3.26 vs. 10.83 ± 3.83), conscious VAS 4 weeks after treatment (moving: 2.87 ± 1.13 vs. 5.67 ± 1.72; resting: 0.33 ± 0.62 vs. 2.67 ± 1.29), and the increase was noted in PPT (21.23 ± 1.82 kg vs. 13.02 ± 1.46 kg) in the ALT group compared with the PLT group. Conclusion. It appears that the knee OA pain and disability can be decreased after a dual‐frequency LLLT applied to acupoints (SP9, SP10, and EX‐LE2). The clinical efficacy of LLLT is highly related to the therapeutic settings of the laser apparatus; hence, more clinical trials with diffident parameter settings are needed to be further clarified.
Individual and Community Factors Associated with Household Insecticide-Treated Bednet Usage in the Sunyani West District of Ghana Two Years after Mass Distribution
Authors: Mensah Emmanuel Angmorteh , Anto Francis
Published: September 2020

Purpose. In the year 2015, the Ghana Health Service launched a free mass insecticide-treated net (ITN) distribution campaign in the Sunyani West district of Ghana with the aim of improving household ownership to increase usage. This study determined the level of ownership and usage of ITNs and associated factors among households in the Sunyani West district two years after the mass distribution campaign. Methods. Study participants were identified using the systematic approach in all five subdistricts of the Sunyani West district and interviewed, and data were collected on household ITN ownership. Data were also collected on the source of the ITN and whether the respondent slept under an ITN the previous night. Data on individual and community factors associated with ITN ownership and usage were also collected. Pearson chi-square tests and logistic regression were performed to determine factors significantly associated with ITN ownership and usage. Results. The level of ITN ownership was 78.93% and usage was 55.93%. Most of the participants (73.62%) received their nets during the 2015 mass distribution campaign, 39 (11.96%) received their ITNs during antenatal care visits, whilst 27 (8.28%) bought the nets from the store. People who experience irritation (χ2 = 23.32; p < 0.001) and respondents who did not perceive themselves as likely to be beaten by mosquitoes or get malaria (χ2 = 26.61; p < 0.001) were less likely to use ITNs. Respondents who used other malaria/mosquito bite prevention methods were also less likely to use the ITNs (χ2 = 206.26; p = 0.001), but individuals who received free nets were likely to use them. Conclusion. ITN ownership was high, but usage was low and far below the national target. Intense health education emphasizing the fact that everybody is susceptible to malaria may help improve usage.
HMGB1 Recruits TET2/AID/TDG to Induce DNA Demethylation in STAT3 Promoter in CD4+ T Cells from aGVHD Patients
Authors: Xu Xuejun , Chen Yan , Liu Enyi , Fu Bin , Hua Juan , Chen Xu , Xu Yajing
Published: September 2020

STAT3 is highly expressed in aGVHD CD4+ T cells and plays a critical role in inducing or worsening aGVHD. In our preceding studies, DNA hypomethylation in STAT3 promoter was shown to cause high expression of STAT3 in aGVHD CD4+ T cells, and the process could be modulated by HMGB1, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. TET2, AID, and TDG are indispensable in DNA demethylation; meanwhile, TET2 and AID also serve extremely important roles in immune response. So, we speculated these enzymes involved in the STAT3 promoter hypomethylation induced by HMGB1 in aGVHD CD4+ T cells. In this study, we found that the binding levels of TET2/AID/TDG to STAT3 promoter were remarkably increased in CD4+T cells from aGVHD patients and were significantly negatively correlated with the STAT3 promoter methylation level. Simultaneously, we revealed that HMGB1 could recruit TET2, AID, and TDG to form a complex in the STAT3 promoter region. Interference with the expression of TET2/AID/TDG inhibited the overexpression of STAT3 caused by HMGB1 downregulation of the STAT3 promoter DNA methylation. These data demonstrated a new molecular mechanism of how HMGB1 promoted the expression of STAT3 in CD4+ T cells from aGVHD patients.
Nearly One in Three Lactating Mothers Is Suffering from Inadequate Dietary Diversity in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Fentahun Netsanet , Alemu Elisabeth
Published: September 2020

Background. In developing countries, dietary diversity is a challenge for rural communities especially pregnancy and lactation. Malnourished mothers are unable to combat disease and feed adequate nutrients to their children, and this will in turn affect the socioeconomic development of the country. To date, there is paucity of evidence regarding predictors of dietary diversity among lactating mothers in developing countries. The main objective of this study was to determine the extent and predictors of dietary diversity among lactating mothers in Lay Gayint District, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed on 416 systematically selected lactating mothers from March 1–30, 2018. The data were collected using pretested interviews. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the predictors of dietary diversity. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and p ≤ 0.05 were used to test the association. Result. A total of 268 (65.7%) lactating mothers had inadequate dietary diversity. Adequate dietary diversity was significantly associated with mobile phone usage (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.15–4.55); practice of home gardening (OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.71–9.87); pulses production (OR: 4.8; 95% CI: 2.50–9.32); delivery in health center (OR: 4.7; 95% CI: 1.80–12.25); food secured household (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.25–4.62); three meals per day within the previous seven days (OR: 11.12; 95% CI: 2.74–45.24); and practice of income generating activity (OR: 4.00; 95% CI: 2–8.33). Conclusion. Meal frequency, home gardening practices, pulses production, delivery at health center, practice of income generating activity, food insecurity, and mobile phone usage had significant association with dietary diversity. Therefore, concerned bodies should design multidimensional livelihood and health service programs to alleviate inadequate dietary diversity.
Targeted Engagement of the Action Selection Network during Task-Oriented Arm Training after Stroke
Authors: Stewart Jill Campbell , Handlery Kaci , Baird Jessica F. , Blanck Erika L. , Pathak Geetanjali , Fritz Stacy L.
Published: September 2020

Action selection (AS), or selection of an action from a set of alternatives, is an important movement preparation process that engages a frontal-parietal network. The addition of AS demands to arm training after stroke could be used to engage this motor planning process and the neural network that supports it. The purpose of this case series is to describe the feasibility and outcomes associated with task-oriented arm training aimed at engaging the AS behavioral process and the related neural network in three individuals with chronic stroke. Three participants with mild to moderate motor deficits completed 13 to 15 sessions of task-oriented arm training that included AS cues for each movement repetition; cues dictated movement direction, height, or distance. Before and after training, individuals completed an AS brain-behavior probe during functional MRI. AS behavioral performance improved after training (increased accuracy, decreased reaction time) in all participants while brain activation in the AS network (dorsal premotor, parietal, dorsolateral prefrontal cortices) decreased in two participants. Gains in motor function were also found in all three participants, especially on patient-reported measures of perceived difficulty and confidence to complete upper extremity functional tasks. It was feasible to target the AS behavioral process and the related neural network through the addition of AS demands to functional, task-oriented arm training in three individuals with mild to moderate motor dysfunction poststroke.
Multimodal Fusion Method Based on Self-Attention Mechanism
Authors: Zhu Hu , Wang Ze , Shi Yu , Hua Yingying , Xu Guoxia , Deng Lizhen
Published: September 2020

Multimodal fusion is one of the popular research directions of multimodal research, and it is also an emerging research field of artificial intelligence. Multimodal fusion is aimed at taking advantage of the complementarity of heterogeneous data and providing reliable classification for the model. Multimodal data fusion is to transform data from multiple single-mode representations to a compact multimodal representation. In previous multimodal data fusion studies, most of the research in this field used multimodal representations of tensors. As the input is converted into a tensor, the dimensions and computational complexity increase exponentially. In this paper, we propose a low-rank tensor multimodal fusion method with an attention mechanism, which improves efficiency and reduces computational complexity. We evaluate our model through three multimodal fusion tasks, which are based on a public data set: CMU-MOSI, IEMOCAP, and POM. Our model achieves a good performance while flexibly capturing the global and local connections. Compared with other multimodal fusions represented by tensors, experiments show that our model can achieve better results steadily under a series of attention mechanisms.
Fault Diagnosis of Spindle Device in Hoist Using Variational Mode Decomposition and Statistical Features
Authors: Gu Jun , Peng Yuxing , Lu Hao , Cao Shuang , Cao Bobo
Published: September 2020

By analyzing nonlinear and nonstationary vibration signals from the spindle device of the mine hoist, it is a challenge to overcome the difficulty of fault feature extraction and accurately identify the fault of rotor-bearing system. In response to this problem, this paper proposes a new approach based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), SVM, and statistical characteristics such as variance contribution rate (VCR), energy entropy (EE), and permutation entropy (PE). Comparisons have gone to evaluate the performance of rolling bearing defect by using EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition), MEEMD (Modified Ensemble EMD), BP (Back Propagation) network, single or multiple statistical characteristics, and different motor loads. The experiment was carried out on the mechanical failure simulator of the main shaft device of the hoist, which verified the reliability and effectiveness of the method. The results show that the diagnosis method is suitable for feature extraction of bearing fault signals, with the highest diagnosis accuracy. It can provide a good practical reference for the fault diagnosis of mechanical equipment of the hoist spindle device and has certain practical value.
Measurement-Based Modal Analysis and Stability Prediction on Turn-Milling of Hollow Turbine Blade
Authors: Zhao Zhengcai , Hou Junming , Fu Yucan
Published: September 2020

Hollow blades with honeycomb structures are increasingly used in the turbine engines for reducing weight and saving costs. The hollow blade is a typical thin-walled structural part with low stiffness, the machining system of which is often unstable and likely to chatter. The most effective solution to avoid the machining chatter is to guide the hollow blade to be machined in a stable machining zone. This paper proposes a measurement-based approach for modal analysis and stability prediction of turn-milling hollow blade. The impact test was carried out to achieve the FRF curves on the hollow blade and the milling tool. An extremum method was employed to obtain an equivalent FRF curve, from which the modal parameters involving the natural frequency, damping ratio, and stiffness were computed. Afterwards, the semidiscretization method was used to draw a stability lobe diagram to predict the stability when turn-milling hollow blades. The experimental results confirm the feasibility of the predicted stability lobe diagram.
Abnormal Adrenal Mass Presents as Proximal Epithelioid Sarcoma
Authors: Martinez Valeria Pereira , Nicholson Marilin , Patel Trushar
Published: September 2020

Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that accounts for less than one percent of all soft-tissue sarcomas. Only two cases of ES involving the adrenal gland were found after a literature review. We report a case of an 82-year-old female initially presenting with right flank pain who was subsequently found to have an incidental left adrenal mass on CT imaging. After appropriate diagnostic workup, the patient underwent surgical resection. A diagnosis of ES was made from the histopathological analysis. The characteristic findings of ES are epithelioid cells with rhabdoid morphology and moderate eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical findings are significant for positive staining for epithelial markers, cytokeratins, vimentin, and CD34, and loss of INI-1 stain. Due to the aggressive nature and limited data of ESs, the standard treatment continues to remain wide surgical excision.
Lupus Never Fails to Deceive US: A Case of Rowell’s Syndrome
Authors: Arevalo Ana B. , Nassar Rawann , Krishan Satyam , Lakshmanan Priyanka , Salgado Maria , Chokshi Priya
Published: September 2020

Background. Rowell’s syndrome is comprised of the presentation of erythema multiforme- (EM-) like lesions in association with lupus erythematosus (LE), along with serologies of speckled antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), positive rheumatoid factor (RF), positive anti-La/anti-Ro, and the clinical finding of chilblains. As per the redefined criteria by Zeitouni et al., three major criteria in addition to at least 1 minor criterion are necessary for diagnosis.Case Presentation. A 20-year-old male presented with a one-week history of worsening nonpruritic erythematous maculopapular skin rash (resembling EM) which appeared on the face and subsequently spread to the trunk, arms, legs, palms, and soles. There was no mucosal involvement. At the onset of rash, the patient reported headaches, associated with photosensitivity and intermittent fevers. Workup for viral meningitis yielded negative results. Laboratory investigation revealed mild anemia, elevated inflammatory markers, a positive ANA with speckled pattern, a positive anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB antibodies, and a positive rheumatoid factor (RF). Lupus anticoagulant antibody was positive along with a low-positive anticardiolipin IgM antibody and a negative beta-2 glycoprotein antibody. Anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, anti-Jo-1, anti-centromere, and anti-Scl-70 antibodies were negative. Hepatitis serologies, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, mycoplasma, Epstein–Barr virus, HIV, and parvovirus B19 were negative. Left arm skin biopsy demonstrated vacuolar interface dermatitis and positive colloidal iron stain suggestive of dermal mucin deposition, favoring the diagnosis of cutaneous collagen vascular disease. Cutaneous lesions improved with administration of oral prednisolone.Conclusion. Rowell’s syndrome should be considered in patients who present with cutaneous LE and lesions resembling EM. Further serological markers should be pursued in the absence of obvious EM-precipitating factors.
Apathetic Thyroid Storm with Cardiorespiratory Failure, Pulmonary Embolism, and Coagulopathy in a Young Male with Graves’ Disease and Myopathy
Authors: Ali Abuobeida , Mostafa Wail , Fernandez Cornelius , Ahmad Habib , Htwe Nyi
Published: September 2020

A 38-year-old gentleman presented with thyroid storm with multiorgan involvement in the form of heart failure (thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy), respiratory failure (respiratory muscle fatigue), hepatic dysfunction, fast atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). His Graves’ disease (GD) remained undiagnosed for nearly 8 months because apart from weight loss, he has not had any other symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. The presentation of thyroid storm was atypical (apathetic thyroid storm) with features of depression and extreme lethargy without any fever, anxiety, agitation, or seizure. There were no identifiable triggers for the thyroid storm. Apart from mechanical ventilation and continuous veno-venous renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit, he received propylthiouracil (PTU), esmolol, and corticosteroids, which were later switched to carbimazole and propranolol with steroids being tapered down. He was diagnosed with thyrotoxic myopathy which, like GD, remained undiagnosed for long (fatigability). A high index of suspicion and a multidisciplinary care are essential for good outcome in these patients.
A Unique Compensatory Mechanism for Total Pulmonary Vein Occlusion Post Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation Visualized by Multimodality Imaging
Authors: Fath Ayman R. , Aglan Amro , Scott Luis R. , Jokerst Clinton E. , Narayanasamy Hemalatha , Mookadam Farouk , Mihyawi Nawfal , Venepally Nithin R. , Konduru Sudheer , Arsanjani Reza
Published: September 2020

Pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis is a rare and serious complication of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for atrial fibrillation. However, it can be asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic depending on the severity of the stenosis and the development of compensatory mechanisms. This study provides a detailed description and visualization of a unique type of venous collaterals that bypass the PV stenosis and drain directly in the left atrium alleviating PV stenosis sequelae. This study reports a case of a 61-year-old male who presented with mild dyspnea and fatigue 3 years post atrial fibrillation RFCA. After a thorough evaluation of the case, a redo-ablation was planned. As a part of the preablation workup, a transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan of the lungs, and a chest computed tomography angiogram (CTA) were performed. The TEE revealed total obstruction of the left superior PV, with no color Doppler flow detected. It also showed evidence of multiple collateral flows at the os of the left superior PV. The V/Q scan showed a large perfusion defect involving the entire left upper lobe consistent with a compromised left upper PV flow. The CTA with 3D volume rendering revealed the total occlusion of the left superior PV at its ostium. Moreover, the scan confirmed the pulmonary venous drainage via small collateral channels that was suggested by the TEE.
Resistance to Avapritinib in PDGFRA-Driven GIST Is Caused by Secondary Mutations in the PDGFRA Kinase Domain
Authors: Grunewald Susanne , Klug Lillian R. , Mühlenberg Thomas , Lategahn Jonas , Falkenhorst Johanna , Town Ajia , Ehrt Christiane , Wardelmann Eva , Hartmann Wolfgang , Schildhaus Hans-Ulrich , Treckmann Juergen , Fletcher Jonathan A. , Jung Sascha , Czodrowski Paul , Miller Stephen , Schmidt-Kittler Oleg , Rauh Daniel , Heinrich Michael C. , Bauer Sebastian
Published: September 2020

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) harboring activating mutations of PDGFRA respond to imatinib, with the notable exception of the most common mutation, D842V. Avapritinib is a novel, potent KIT/PDGFRA inhibitor with substantial clinical activity in patients with the D842V genotype. To date, only a minority of PDGFRA-mutant patients treated with avapritinib have developed secondary resistance. Tumor and plasma biopsies in 6 of 7 patients with PDGFRA primary mutations who progressed on avapritinib or imatinib had secondary resistance mutations within PDGFRA exons 13, 14, and 15 that interfere with avapritinib binding. Secondary PDGFRA mutations causing V658A, N659K, Y676C, and G680R substitutions were found in 2 or more patients each, representing recurrent mechanisms of PDGFRA GIST drug resistance. Notably, most PDGFRA-mutant GISTs refractory to avapritinib remain dependent on the PDGFRA oncogenic signal. Inhibitors that target PDGFRA protein stability or inhibition of PDGFRA-dependent signaling pathways may overcome avapritinib resistance.

Significance:

Here, we provide the first description of avapritinib resistance mechanisms in PDGFRA-mutant GIST.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Terapêutica da insistência: a cena de música experimental e o uso do transe mediado pela música como terapêutica contra males causados pelo ethos paulistano
Authors: Oliveira Renato Albuquerque de
Published: September 2020

Este artigo pretende abordar como participantes da cena de música experimental de São Paulo realizam práticas terapêuticas através das performances que ali acontecem. A terapia consistiria no uso da música como mediadora para uma busca pelo transe, intencionando tratar estados como a ansiedade ou a condição patológica que o blasé citadino pode gerar. Esses males, como dizem, são ocasionados pelo ethos dessa cidade, vetor que lhes impõe a necessidade de adaptação a um modo de vida que não compactuam. Por fim, considera-se que o grau de proximidade entre o performer e o público é relacionado ao grau da eficácia do tratamento pretendido e, a partir da reflexão sobre esse grupo e uma rápida comparação com outros, sugere-se que formas de tratamentos como essa podem ser recorrentes entre populações marginalizadas, permitindo-lhes uma forma de insistir em um modo de vida paralelo ao ethos predominante.
A fabricação da crença por imagens, sons, objetos e corpos
Authors: Barreto Marcus Vinícius
Published: September 2020

Resenha de Meyer, Birgit Meyer. 2019. Como as coisas importam: uma abordagem material da religião. Organizado por E. Giumbelli, J. Rickli e R. Toniol. Porto Alegre: Editora da UFRGS.
Artefatos visuais em manifestações políticas: um ensaio sobre mutações nos modos de subjetivação e ação política entre 2013 e 2018
Authors: Parra Henrique Z. M.
Published: September 2020

Este ensaio explora certa configuração estético-política presente na fotografia de uma manifestação do dia 20 de junho de 2013, na Avenida Paulista, em São Paulo. Essa imagem anuncia uma partilha do sensível (nos termos de Rancière) em movimento, que será explorada num conjunto de fotografias de manifestações de rua de 2013 e 2018. Essas imagens disparam inúmeras perguntas sobre uma nova geometria das formas de representação política e sobre as mutações nos modos de subjetivação, indicando disputas sobre as composições e distribuições instituídas nos modos de ação política contemporâneos.
Monumentos religiosos como um novo tipo de objeto: genealogia e atualidade de uma forma de presença católica no espaço público
Authors: Giumbelli Emerson Alessandro
Published: September 2020

Partindo de uma situação etnográfica que envolve a construção recente de uma estátua de grandes proporções que representa uma santa católica, este texto busca apontar pistas que respondam à seguinte questão: o que faz um monumento? Articula inspirações que orientam a antropologia dos objetos com referências que constroem uma abordagem material da religião. Toma o Cristo Redentor em sua concepção e realização como protótipo de um novo tipo de objeto religioso. Considerando a crise que assola os paradigmas monumentais definidos até o início do século XX, constata a persistência de objetos que reiteram representações realistas e colossais de personagens religiosas. Sugere que esses monumentos religiosos recentes servem menos para uma função memorial e mais para estabelecer certas formas de presença católica no espaço público.
Navegar entre silêncios
Authors: Valentini Luísa
Published: September 2020

Resenha de Cánepa Koch, Gisela e Ingrid Kummels, orgs. 2018. Fotografía en América Latina: imágenes e identidades a través del tiempo y el espacio. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.

Fotografia en América Latina (2018),  livro editado por Gisela Cánepa Koch e Ingrid Kummels, reúne uma série de artigos sobre diferentes coleções fotográficas produzidas em contextos latino-americanos e as relações implicadas na produção de cada uma delas. O livro oferece uma visão panorâmica das proximidades e lacunas entre diferentes períodos históricos, diferentes perspectivas fornecidas pelos antropólogos e seus colaboradores de pesquisa ao longo do tempo e diferentes tradições dos estudos culturais e antropológicos da América Latina.
Make or Buy? The Provision of Indigent Defense Services in the United States
Authors: Shem-Tov Yotam
Published: September 2020

Most criminal defendants cannot afford to hire an attorney. To provide constitutionally mandated legal services, states commonly use either private court-appointed attorneys or a public defender organization. This paper investigates the relative efficacy of these two modes of indigent defense by comparing outcomes of codefendants assigned to different types of attorneys within the same case. Using data from San Francisco, I show that in multiple defendant cases, public defender assignment is plausibly as good as random. I find that public defenders reduce the probability of any prison sentence by 22% and the length of prison sentences by 10%.
Exchange Rate Reconnect
Authors: Lilley Andrew , Maggiori Matteo , Neiman Brent , Schreger Jesse
Published: September 2020

It is surprisingly difficult to find economic variables that strongly comove with exchange rates, a phenomenon codified in a large literature as “exchange rate disconnect.” We demonstrate that a variety of common proxies for global risk appetite, which did not comove with exchange rates prior to 2007, have provided significant in-sample explanatory power for currencies since then. Furthermore, during the 2007–2012 period, U.S. purchases of foreign bonds were highly correlated with these risk measures and with exchange rates. Our results support the narrative that the U.S. dollar's role as an international and safe-haven currency has surged since the global financial crisis.
Recognising Similarity in ‘Angers’ Across History
Authors: Parrott W. Gerrod
Published: September 2020

A family-resemblance approach to categorisation, such as that developed by Wittgenstein, provides a basis for conceiving how various historical types of ‘anger’ can be recognised as similar despite their variability and lack of core defining features. Thomas Dixon’s essay applies this approach in a way that avoids radical relativism and acknowledges general human emotional capabilities. His approach may arguably be extended to commonalities between emotions of humans and animals, which would have interesting implications for the history of emotion.
Animal-Human Compassion: Structures of Feeling in Dark Pastoral
Authors: Barnes Diana G.
Published: September 2020

This essay argues that animal-human compassion, defined as human fellow-feeling with (and not for) animals, is most urgently articulated at points of crisis in human history, such as the terrible bushfires and drought of the Australian summer of 2019–20. Literary history, particularly of pastoral literature, reveals animal-human compassion as a long-contested structure of feeling. The pastoral template established in classical literature, and refined in early modern literature, sets conventions for proper human-animal emotional relations. These ideals are radically destabilised in Andrew Marvell’s ‘dark pastoral’ civil war poetry. This troubled legacy flows through Australian settler-colonial writing about animals, particularly the kangaroo; Barron Field, Charles Harpur and Ethel Pedley strive to intervene in the patriotic myth-making associated with colonial settlement and Federation.
Compassion in the Garden: Radical Homemakers or Just More Women’s Work?
Authors: Mickelburgh Renée
Published: September 2020

Compassion is key to Australian women’s garden stories and return-to-the-home environmentalism. These stories highlight the gendered power implications of women’s work. Questions about who is suffering and who is caring are paramount. Women’s garden narratives are hopeful: they capture the interconnection between the local and global and the ethics of care promoted by ecofeminists. Yet when women gardeners embrace a care ethic which sees their own domestic workload skyrocket in order to alleviate environmental suffering, their compassion stories risk becoming what Lauren Berlant terms ‘collective norms of obligation’. Through aural storytelling in Pip permaculture magazine podcasts, women gardeners consider how the responsibility of ordinary, caring garden work fits within their already numerous, significant, and everyday caring responsibilities. Their collaboration reveals innovative solutions to this conundrum. Their compassionate garden work becomes a domestic practice of time, effort, and joy.
A Novel Strategy for Liquid Exfoliation of Ultrathin Black Phosphorus Nanosheets
Authors: Yang Gaojian , Huang Hao , Xiao Ziqi , Zhang Chuanxiang , Guo Wenfei , Ma Tingting , Ma Liang , Chen Zhu , Deng Yan
Published: September 2020

As an emerging two-dimensional layered material, black phosphorus nanosheets show unparalleled optical and electronic properties. Although black phosphorus nanosheets have attracted much attention in the photoelectric field, their applications in biomedical field were still limited
due to their poor biocompatibility of current synthesis strategies. Herein, we propose a novel synthetic strategy for black phosphorus nanosheets that rely on Tween 20-assisted liquid exfoliation and post-processing in deoxygenated water. Microscopic and spectroscopic analysis suggested that
the produced black phosphorus nanosheets dispersions exhibited good stability and higher yield compared with other currently prepared methods. Because of their ultrahigh exfoliation efficiency, the black phosphorus flakes present few-layer and even monolayer, which are thinner than the most
dispersions of black phosphorus. Thus, this method enables mass-production of high-quality few-layer black phosphorus with high biocompatibility, and has the potential to be directly used in the biological field.
In Vitro Biomedical and Photo-Catalytic Application of Bio-Inspired Zingiber officinale Mediated Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Faisal Shah , Abdullah  , Shah Sajjad Ali , Shah Sumaira , Akbar Muhammad Taj , Jan Faheem , Haq Ihteshamul , Baber Masroor Elahi , Aman Komal , Zahir Fazli , Bibi Farkhanda , Syed Fatima , Iqbal Madiha , Jawad Sahibzada Muhammad , Salman Syed
Published: September 2020

To minimize the hazardous effect of physical and chemical synthesis of nanoparticles we focused on the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is a research hotspot and catch great attention because of its versatile applications in medical, biosciences and engineering fields.
Purpose of our recent study is to synthesize bio-inspired metallic silver NPs by root mediated Zingiber officianale extract. The synthesized Ag-NPs were further characterized by using UVVisible spectroscopy, XRD, EDX, SEM, TEM and DLS techniques. The extent of crystallites were confirmed
by X-ray diffraction. SEM and TEM revealed the morphological features with size of nanoparticles between 17.3 and 41.2 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed the capping of nanoparticles by bio active constituents present in Zingiber officinale extract. Later EDX confirmed the elemental composition
of nanoparticles. Zeta potential, PDI and hydrodynamic size of Ag-NPs were confirmed by DLS. The synthesize Ag-NPs possess eminent biological potency against bacterial and leishmanial strains. Moreover considerable anti-diabetic, anticancer, antioxidant and biocompatibility nature of Ag-NPs
was elucidated. The highest antioxidant activity of 50.61± 1.12%, 38.22 ± 1.18% and 27.39 ± 0.92 at 200 g/mL for TAC, TRP DPPH and was observed respectively. Ag-NPs exhibit potent leishmanicidal activity of 80% ± 1.4 against promastigotes and 77% ± 1.6 against
amastigotes cultures of L. tropica. Highest antidiabetic activity 30 ± 0.77% recorded at 200 μg/ml. Highest Brine shrimps cytotoxicity of Ag-NPs was 60 ± 1.18 at 200 g/ml. Maximum dye degradation for Ag-NPs was recorded as 94.1% at 140 minute. All UTI isolates
were resistant to antibiotics not coated with Ag-NPs. By applying 1% of Ag-NPs highest activity was recorded as 25 ± 1.58 mm against K. pneumoniae. Maximum zone of inhibition for Ag-NPs coated with Imipenem antibiotics 26 ± 1.5 mm against K. pneumoniae and coated
with Ciprofloxacin 26 ± 1.4 m against S. aureus were measured. Last but not least high biocompatible nature of Ag-NPs was observed against fresh RBCs making the ecofriendly biosynthesized silver NPs a multi-dimensional candidate in biomedical field.
A gender-comparative exploration of women’s and men’s pathways to prison in Thailand
Authors: Russell Tristan , Jeffries Samantha , Hayes Hennessey , Thipphayamongkoludom Yodsawadi , Chuenurah Chontit
Published: September 2020

In feminist criminology, there is a growing body of research exploring gendered pathways into prison. However, this research has focussed predominantly on women. There are few gender comparative studies. Further, most feminist pathways research is western centric having, for the most part, been undertaken in the United States. Utilising categorical principal components analysis alongside descriptive statistics and illustrative case study examples, this paper adds to the feminist pathways research by describing and comparing women’s and men’s pathways to prison in Thailand. Three common pathways to prison emerged for both women and men: (1) peer group association/deviant lifestyle, (2) harmed and harming, (3) economically motivated. However, gendered variance was found within these common pathways. Further, two pathways emerged exclusively for women: (1) adulthood victimisation and dysfunctional intimate relationships, (2) naivety and deception. These results substantiate the notion that trajectories into prison are gendered, add empirical support to the feminist pathways perspective beyond the west, contribute to knowledge on how both women and men come to be in prison in Thailand, and in doing so, have utility for the development of gender-informed prison policies, and practices as per the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-Custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules).
What Forms of Representation Do American Workers Want? Implications for Theory, Policy, and Practice
Authors: Hertel-Fernandez Alexander , Kimball William , Kochan Thomas
Published: September 2020

Recent evidence documents an increased interest among American workers in joining a union. At the same time, there is revived debate among labor scholars, union leaders, politicians, and activists over what forms of labor representation are best suited to meet the needs of the contemporary workforce. Yet little is known about what contemporary workers have to say about these debates. This article draws on a conjoint survey experiment fielded on a nationally representative sample of more than 4,000 employees to explore the forms of representation workers want and are willing to support by paying dues. The authors compare interest in the forms of labor representation that are currently being debated. Results show that while workers value traditional collective bargaining, they would be even more willing to join and financially support organizations currently unavailable under US law and practice. The authors use these results to draw implications for the labor movement, worker advocacy groups, and the future of labor law.
Learning From Teaching: Benefits of Peer Leadership for Peer Leaders in Psychology
Authors: Riser Diana K. , Silva Stephanie P. da , Clarke Stephanie D.
Published: September 2020

Peer leader programs train students in supporting introductory learners in traditional classrooms via instructional sessions of peer-to-peer learning. Assessments of these programs typically focus on benefits to learners rather than leaders, with any gains for leaders shown via self-reported growth measures. This study examined benefits to leaders using additional indexes such as standardized scores of content knowledge and grade point average. Participants were high-achieving psychology students who underwent a pedagogical training program and led instructional sessions for learners weekly. We found evidence that peer leaders experience gains in content knowledge, academic success, and career readiness. Peer leader programs serve as useful additions to academic programs by aiding learning in classrooms and improving leadership abilities and content knowledge in advanced students.
Opportunities, Pitfalls, and Alternatives in Adapting Electronic Health Records for Health Services Research
Authors: Taksler Glen B. , Dalton Jarrod E. , Perzynski Adam T. , Rothberg Michael B. , Milinovich Alex , Krieger Nikolas I. , Dawson Neal V. , Roach Mary J. , Lewis Michael D. , Einstadter Douglas
Published: September 2020

Electronic health records (EHRs) offer the potential to study large numbers of patients but are designed for clinical practice, not research. Despite the increasing availability of EHR data, their use in research comes with its own set of challenges. In this article, we describe some important considerations and potential solutions for commonly encountered problems when working with large-scale, EHR-derived data for health services and community-relevant health research. Specifically, using EHR data requires the researcher to define the relevant patient subpopulation, reliably identify the primary care provider, recognize the EHR as containing episodic (i.e., unstructured longitudinal) data, account for changes in health system composition and treatment options over time, understand that the EHR is not always well-organized and accurate, design methods to identify the same patient across multiple health systems, account for the enormous size of the EHR, and consider barriers to data access. Associations found in the EHR may be nonrepresentative of associations in the general population, but a clear understanding of the EHR-based associations can be enormously valuable to the process of improving outcomes for patients in learning health care systems. In the context of building 2 large-scale EHR-derived data sets for health services research, we describe the potential pitfalls of EHR data and propose some solutions for those planning to use EHR data in their research. As ever greater amounts of clinical data are amassed in the EHR, use of these data for research will become increasingly common and important. Attention to the intricacies of EHR data will allow for more informed analysis and interpretation of results from EHR-based data sets.
CD14, CD163, and CCR1 are involved in heart and blood communication in ischemic cardiac diseases
Authors: Chen Chengcong , Peng Hong , Zeng Yongmei , Dong Guoqing
Published: September 2020

Objective

Cardiac diseases lead to heart failure (HF), but the progression can take several years. Using blood samples to monitor changes in the heart before clinical symptoms begin may help to improve patient management.

Methods

Microarray data GSE42955 and GSE9128 were used as study datasets and GSE16499, GSE57338, and GSE59867 were used as validation groups. The “limma” package from R Language was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Functional enrichment analyses of gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were performed using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. We also investigated the correlation between the heart and blood using the mRNA expression level.

Results

Three hub genes, CD14, CD163, and CCR1, were identified. Functional enrichment analyses showed their involvement in the immune response and in the inflammatory response, which are the critical biochemical processes in ischemic HF. The mRNA expression level further demonstrated that a special model may exist to help to predict the mRNA level in the heart based on that in blood.

Conclusions

Our study identified three biomarkers that can connect the heart and blood in ischemic heart diseases, which may be a new approach to help better manage ischemic cardiac disease patients.
Glossolalalararium Pandemiconium: A Meaningfully Irreverent, Queerelously Autoethnographic Essamblage for Trying Times
Authors: Murray Peta
Published: September 2020

If there is any throughline to COVID-19, it lies within a narrative of capriciousness. To explore the paradox of the pandemic as proliferation meets obliteration, I alternate randomization with redaction within a riotous essamblage combining essayistic principles of “prepositional thinking” with bricolage. Neologisms meet textracts of responses to the 21 prompts of the Massive and Micro experiment. Glossolalalararium Pandemiconium comes with a helping of “lala” in a froth of babble, doubt, rage, and whimsy. It is a textual grappling with the shock and awe of the everyday, girded by a notion of “meaningful irreverence” that underpins my current research.
inCNV: An Integrated Analysis Tool for Copy Number Variation on Whole Exome Sequencing
Authors: Chanwigoon Saowwapark , Piwluang Sakkayaphab , Wichadakul Duangdao
Published: September 2020

The detection of copy number variations (CNVs) on whole-exome sequencing (WES) represents a cost-effective technique for the study of genetic variants. This approach, however, has encountered an obstacle with high false-positive rates due to biases from exome sequencing capture kits and GC contents. Although plenty of CNV detection tools have been developed, they do not perform well with all types of CNVs. In addition, most tools lack features of genetic annotation, CNV visualization, and flexible installation, requiring users to put much effort into CNV interpretation. Here, we present “inCNV,” a web-based application that can accept multiple CNV-tool results, then integrate and prioritize them with user-friendly interfaces. This application helps users analyze the importance of called CNVs by generating CNV annotations from Ensembl, Database of Genomic Variants (DGV), ClinVar, and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). Moreover, users can select and export CNVs of interest including their flanking sequences for primer design and experimental verification. We demonstrated how inCNV could help users filter and narrow down the called CNVs to a potentially novel CNV, a common CNV within a group of samples of the same disease, or a de novo CNV of a sample within the same family. Besides, we have provided in CNV as a docker image for ease of installation ( https://github.com/saowwapark/inCNV ).
An existential psychological perspective on Chinese career gap travel
Authors: Chen Xiaolian , Mak Barry , Feng Yan
Published: September 2020

This study examined travellers’ reflections of meaning in career gap travel experiences, through an existential psychology lens. Specifically, it investigated how career gap travellers conferred and fundamentally shifted meaning in their lives. Eleven career gap travellers’ reflections were interpreted through existential-narrative analysis. The study contributed to current knowledge by developing a career gap travel cycle including stages before, during and after the trip. The findings showed that career crises and existential anxiety for something more meaningful were the antecedents of career gap travel in the pre-trip stage. The trip itself comprised two stages: the early days of travel were depicted as pleasurable; however, long-term travel also involved existential challenges, such as anxiety and fear. The post-trip stage involved post-trip liminality and travel syndrome related to fear of failure and anxiety. The article concludes with a discussion of future research areas for career gap travel.
Neuropsychological and Functional Impact of COVID-19 on Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Padala Kalpana P. , Parkes Christopher M. , Padala Prasad R.
Published: September 2020

We present a case report to showcase that behavioral, cognitive, and functional decline may be associated with COVID-19 stay-home guidance among older adults with pre-existent cognitive impairment. In a functionally independent and physically active older adult with Mild Cognitive Impairment, there was worsening in depression and anxiety symptoms associated with the restrictions of COVID-19. Functional decline was also noted as assessed by Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. We discuss solutions to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 restrictions in this vulnerable population.
The Psychosocial Aspect of Burn Patient Recovery as it Informs Chaplain Interventions
Authors: Crandall Robert J.
Published: September 2020

This article provides an understanding of how the psychosocial and spiritual aspects of burn patients informs the chaplain’s interventions. It was developed by taking existing literature, using it in a clinical burn care setting, and then developing an experiential model of spiritual care. It has been attempted to point out to the reader where the literature supports the discussion and when the model uses the author’s experience to expand on that literature.