bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Therapeutic Effect of Active Vitamin D Supplementation in Preventing the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy in a Diabetic Mouse Model
Authors: Nakhoul Nakhoul , Thawko Tina , Farber Evgeny , Dahan Inbal , Tadmor Hagar , Nakhoul Rola , Hanut Anaam , Salameh Ghasan , Shagrawy Ibrahim , Nakhoul Farid
Published: November 2020

Background. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and replacement therapy worldwide. Vitamin D levels in DN patients are very low due to the decrease in the synthesis and activity of 1-α hydroxylase in the proximal tubule cells and decrease in the vitamin D receptor abundance. To date, few studies have shown the antioxidant effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on hyperglycemia-induced renal injury. The selective activator of the vitamin D receptor, paricalcitol, reduces proteinuria and slows the progression of kidney injury. The precise mechanism through which vitamin D affects diabetic status and provides kidney protection remains to be determined. Methods. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in 94 8-week-old DBA/2J mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). DM mice were randomly divided into receiving vehicle or treatment with paricalcitol, the active vitamin D analog, 1 week after DM induction or paricalcitol treatment 3 weeks after DM induction. An additional control group of healthy wild-type mice was not treated. Urine albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels were measured before and at the end of the paricalcitol treatment. Periodic acid-Schiff, immunohistochemistry staining, and western blot of the renal tissues of vitamin D receptor, villin, nephrin, and podocin expressions, were analyzed. Results. Paricalcitol treatment restored villin, nephrin, and podocin protein levels that were downregulated upon DM induction, and reduced fibronectin protein level. Vitamin D receptor activation by paricalcitol may reduce proteinuria of DN in mice and alleviate high-glucose-induced injury of kidney podocytes by regulating the key molecules such nephrin-podocin. Conclusions. Paricalcitol treatment was associated with improved structural changes in type 1 diabetic mice including upregulation of vitamin D receptor expression, and decreased fibrosis markers such as fibronectin. These effects may contribute to the consistent benefit of vitamin D analog to slow the deterioration in glomerular function and reduce the risk of ESRD in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Our results suggest that additional use of paricalcitol may be beneficial in treating patients with diabetes under standard therapeutic strategies.
Research on Financial Data Query and Distribution Scheme Based on SQL Database
Authors: Fu Xiaolan
Published: November 2020

With the advance of optimization and merger colleges and universities, a university often contains more than one campus. The traditional centralized education management system has been unable to meet the needs of use. The model detects the intrusion by dividing the clusters in the clustering result into normal clusters and abnormal clusters and analyzing the weighted average density of object

x

to be detected in each cluster and the weighted overlapping distance of

x

and each centre point. We verified the intrusion detection performance of the model on the KDD Cup 99 dataset. The experimental results show that the model established in this paper has certain theoretical value.
Visible Portion of Anterior Teeth at Rest and Analysis of Different Smile Characteristics in the Saudi Population of the Jeddah Region
Authors: Awad Mohamed Abdelmageed , Alghamdi Doaa Saleh , Alghamdi Aljawharah Talal
Published: November 2020

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the degree of visibility of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth at rest in different age groups and to evaluate the smile line, smile arc, and number of maxillary teeth displayed during smiling among the Saudi population visiting King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 157 participants (77 males and 80 females) were included in this study with an age range of 19 to 69 years. All participants had maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth without restorations. Crown length and visible portions of anterior teeth at rest were measured using a Fowler Electronic Digital Caliper. Three measurements of each variable were recorded by two independent dental interns and calibrating their measurements was performed. Smile line, smile arc, and number of teeth displayed during smiling were examined. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. It was found that the average clinical crown lengths in the maxillary lateral incisor, mandibular central incisor, and canine were significantly higher in males than females. At rest position, females displayed more maxillary central and lateral incisors. The displayed length of maxillary teeth at rest is inversely proportional to increasing age; the reverse occurs in mandibular teeth. The common visibility of maxillary teeth during smiling was from the second bicuspid to its counterpart. Average smile line and consonant smile arc were the most common characteristics. It was concluded that both age and gender affect the characteristics of tooth display at rest and in smiling. These effects should be considered during treatment planning and restoration of anterior teeth to obtain a more predictable esthetic outcome.
Neural Model Stealing Attack to Smart Mobile Device on Intelligent Medical Platform
Authors: Zhang Liqiang , Lin Guanjun , Gao Bixuan , Qin Zhibao , Tai Yonghang , Zhang Jun
Published: November 2020

To date, the Medical Internet of Things (MIoT) technology has been recognized and widely applied due to its convenience and practicality. The MIoT enables the application of machine learning to predict diseases of various kinds automatically and accurately, assisting and facilitating effective and efficient medical treatment. However, the MIoT are vulnerable to cyberattacks which have been constantly advancing. In this paper, we establish a MIoT platform and demonstrate a scenario where a trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for predicting lung cancer complicated with pulmonary embolism can be attacked. First, we use CNN to build a model to predict lung cancer complicated with pulmonary embolism and obtain high detection accuracy. Then, we build a copycat model using only a small amount of data labeled by the target network, aiming to steal the established prediction model. Experimental results prove that the stolen model can also achieve a relatively high prediction outcome, revealing that the copycat network could successfully copy the prediction performance from the target network to a large extent. This also shows that such a prediction model deployed on MIoT devices can be stolen by attackers, and effective prevention strategies are open questions for researchers.
Social Risk Early Warning of Environmental Damage of Large-Scale Construction Projects in China Based on Network Governance and LSTM Model
Authors: Fang Junmin , Huang Dechun , Xu Jingrong
Published: November 2020

With the improvement of citizens’ risk perception ability and environmental protection awareness, social conflicts caused by environmental problems in large-scale construction projects are becoming more and more frequent. Traditional social risk prevention management has some defects in obtaining risk data, such as limited coverage, poor availability, and insufficient timeliness, which makes it impossible to realize effective early warning of social risks in the era of big data. This paper focuses on the three environments of diversification of stakeholders, risk media, and big data era. The evolution characteristics of the social risk of environmental damage of large-scale construction projects are analyzed from the four stages of incubation, outbreak, mitigation, and regression in essence. On this basis, a social risk early warning model is constructed， and the multicenter network governance mode of social risk of environmental damage in large-scale construction projects and practical social risk prevention strategies in different stages are put forward. Experiments show that the long short-term memory neural network model is effective and feasible for predicting the social risk trend of environmental damage of large-scale construction projects. Compared with other classical models, the long short-term memory model has the advantages of strong processing capability and high early warning accuracy for time-sensitive data and will have broad application prospects in the field of risk control research. By using the network governance framework and long short-term memory model, this paper studies the environmental mass events of large-scale construction projects on the risk early warning method, providing reference for the government to effectively prevent and control social risk of environmental damage of large-scale construction project in China.
Understanding the CSR Awareness of Large Construction Enterprises in China
Authors: Xie Linlin , Xu Ting , Le Yun , Chen Qing , Xia Bo , Skitmore Martin
Published: November 2020

With the rapid growth of the construction industry in China in recent years, its impact on society and the environment is increasing, as well as the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR). In order to understand the CSR awareness and CSR practices of Chinese domestic construction enterprises, this study conducted a comprehensive content analysis of the CSR reports of China’s leading 100 domestic construction enterprises. The results show that the Chinese construction industry’s CSR awareness is generally poor and CRS practices mainly involve corporate governance, environmental management, occupational health and development, economic responsibility, community development, and overseas responsibility. State‐owned enterprises are more concerned with community responsibility, while private enterprises pay more attention to economic and employee development. These findings not only reveal the CSR awareness and CSR practices of Chinese domestic construction enterprises but also provide practical implications for construction enterprises in other countries to integrate CSR into their corporate governance system and strengthen their CSR practices.
Adaptive Robust Dynamic Surface Integral Sliding Mode Control for Quadrotor UAVs under Parametric Uncertainties and External Disturbances
Authors: Zhang Ye , Xu Ning , Zhu Guoqiang , Sun Lingfang , Cao Shengxian , Zhang Xiuyu
Published: November 2020

A robust adaptive fuzzy nonlinear controller based on dynamic surface and integral sliding mode control strategy (ADSISMC) is proposed to realize trajectory tracking for a class of quadrotor UAVs. In this study, the composite factors including parametric uncertainties and external disturbances are added to controller design, which make it more realistic. The quadrotor model is divided into two subsystems of attitude and position that make the control design become feasible. The main contributions of the proposed ADSISMC strategy are as follows: (1) The combination of dynamic surface and integral sliding mode makes the system always in sliding stage by finding the appropriate initial position compared with the common sliding mode, and the complexity of explosion in backstepping method is eliminated. (2) By introducing the fuzzy system, the unknown functions and uncertainties can be approximated which significantly improves the robustness and the tracking performance. (3) The switching control strategy is utilized to compensate for the errors between estimated and ideal inputs; the tracking performance of the whole system has been significantly improved. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Variations of Flavone Glycosides Profile Underscore the Necessity of Quality Control of Prepared Microctis Folium Slices
Authors: Li Kun-Ping , Yuan Min , Liu Chang-Le , Liang Ze-yu , Pan Tian-Ling , Guo Jiao
Published: November 2020

Microctis Folium (MF), the dried leaves of Microcos paniculata, is widely used as a medical and food dual‐purpose herb in South‐east Asia and China. However, the quality control of MF is not well studied. A simple and reliable quality control method was urgently needed for its growing usage. Herein, at first, its main active components were identified by UPLC‐ESI‐qTOF‐MS, and a representative MF flavone glycosides profile consisting of ten compounds was illustrated, which is the most detailed one up to now. Successively, using vitexin as the reference substance, a novel QAMS method with HPLC for quantification of the ten identified flavone glycosides was developed and methodologically validated. Furthermore, making use of the abovementioned QAMS method, quantitative profiling of 21 batches of prepared MF slices collected from different hospital pharmacies were performed. As a result, the total contents of ten flavone glucosides and the content of specific compound showed obvious variations. Using the ten compounds’ contents dataset, the 21 batches of samples were divided into two distinct clusters by HCA. In sum, our results indicated that it was of great importance to take quality control of prepared MF slices and we presented a robust and simple method for their quantitative determination, which should be beneficial for the quality control of MF and its derived products.
Network Pharmacology‐Based Study on the Mechanism of Gegen Qinlian Decoction against Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Fan Qiaowei , Guo Lin , Guan Jingming , Chen Jing , Fan Yujing , Chen Zhendong , Li Hulun
Published: November 2020

Purpose. Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD) has been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, such as diarrhea and ulcerative colitis (UC). A recent study demonstrated that GQD enhanced the effect of PD‐1 blockade in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study used network pharmacology analysis to investigate the mechanisms of GQD as a potential therapeutic approach against CRC. Materials and Methods. Bioactive chemical ingredients (BCIs) of GQD were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. CRC‐specific genes were obtained using the gene expression profile GSE110224 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Target genes related to BCIs of GQD were then screened out. The GQD‐CRC ingredient‐target pharmacology network was constructed and visualized using Cytoscape software. A protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was subsequently constructed and analyzed with BisoGenet and CytoNCA plug‐in in Cytoscape. Gene Ontology (GO) functional and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis for target genes were then performed using the R package of clusterProfiler. Results. One hundred and eighteen BCIs were determined to be effective on CRC, including quercetin, wogonin, and baicalein. Twenty corresponding target genes were screened out including PTGS2, CCNB1, and SPP1. Among these genes, CCNB1 and SPP1 were identified as crucial to the PPI network. A total of 212 GO terms and 6 KEGG pathways were enriched for target genes. Functional analysis indicated that these targets were closely related to pathophysiological processes and pathways such as biosynthetic and metabolic processes of prostaglandins and prostanoids, cytokine and chemokine activities, and the IL‐17, TNF, Toll‐like receptor, and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathways. Conclusion. The study elucidated the “multiingredient, multitarget, and multipathway” mechanisms of GQD against CRC from a systemic perspective, indicating GQD to be a candidate therapy for CRC treatment.
Unilateral Dorsolateral Medullary Hemorrhage Presenting with Severe Dysphagia
Authors: Yoshii Fumihito , Matsushita Reiko , Takahashi Wakoh
Published: November 2020

We report an 87-year-old woman with right dorsolateral medullary hemorrhage. She did not show all of the usual symptoms of Wallenberg syndrome and her main symptom was severe dysphagia. Dorsolateral medullary hemorrhage may be overlooked, because it is rare and does not exhibit the typical Wallenberg syndrome presentation usually seen in patients with infarction at the dorsolateral medulla.
Is the Oncological Outcome of Early Stage Uterine Carcinosarcoma Different from That of Grade 3 Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma?
Authors: Güngördük Kemal , Plett Helmut , Gülseren Varol , Meydanlı Mutlu , Boyraz Gökhan , Özdemir İsaAykut , Şahin Hanifi , Şenol Taylan , Yıldırım Nuri , Turan Taner , Öge Tufan , Gökçü Mehmet , Taşkın Salih , Ayhan Ali , Ataseven Beyhan
Published: November 2020

Aim: The clinicopathologic characteristics, recurrence patterns, and survival of patients with grade 3 endometrial cancer (G3-EAC) and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) were compared. Materials and Methods: The medical records of patients treated for G3-EAC and UCS between January 1996 and December 2016 at 11 gynecologic oncology centers in Turkey and Germany were analyzed. Results: Of all patients included in the study, 161 (45.1%) were diagnosed with UCS and 196 (54.9%) with G3-EAC at FIGO stage I–II (early stage) disease. The recurrence rate was higher in patients with UCS than in those with G3-EAC (17.4 vs. 9.2%, p = 0.02). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS; 75.2 and 80.8%, respectively; p = 0.03) and overall survival (OS; 79.4 and 83.4%, respectively; p = 0.04) rates were significantly lower in the UCS group compared to the G3-EAC group. UCS histology was an independent prognostic factor for decreased 5-year DFS (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–3.2; p = 0.034) and OS (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3–6.9; p = 0.041) rates. Conclusions: The recurrence rate was higher in UCS patients than in G3-EAC patients, regardless of disease stage. DFS and OS were of shorter duration in UCS than in G3-EAC patients. Adequate systematic lymphadenectomy and omentectomy were an independent prognostic factor for increased 5-year DFS and OS rates.
Metastasiertes Nierenzellkarzinom: Überlegung zur Erstlinientherapie in den Zeiten einer SARS-CoV-2 Pandemie
Authors: Ivanyi Philipp
Published: November 2020

This letter summarizes recommendations from the interdisciplinary working group of renal tumors (IAGN) of the German Cancer Society for the systemic treatment of advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the context of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Metastasiertes Nierenzellkarzinom: Cabozantinib als Behandlungsoption für ältere Patienten
Authors: von Amsberg Gunhild
Published: November 2020

Background: Cabozantinib improved progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR) compared with everolimus in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after prior antiangiogenic therapy in the phase III METEOR trial (NCT01865747). Limited data are available on the use of targeted therapies in older patients with advanced RCC. Methods: Efficacy and safety in METEOR were retrospectively analysed for three age subgroups: <65 (n = 394), 65–74 (n = 201) and ≥75 years (n = 63). Results: PFS, OS and ORR were improved with cabozantinib compared with everolimus in all age subgroups. The PFS hazard ratios (HRs) were 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41–0.68), 0.53 (95% CI: 0.37–0.77) and 0.38 (95% CI: 0.18–0.79) for <65, 65–74 and ≥75 years, respectively, and the OS HRs were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.54–0.95), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.44–0.99) and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.28–1.14). The ORR for cabozantinib versus everolimus was 15% vs 5%, 21% vs 2% and 19% vs 0%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in PFS or OS with age as a categorical or continuous variable. Grade III/IV adverse events (AEs) were generally consistent across subgroups, although fatigue, hypertension and hyponatraemia occurred more frequently in older patients treated with cabozantinib. Dose reductions to manage AEs were more frequent in patients receiving cabozantinib than in those receiving everolimus. Dose reductions and treatment discontinuation due to AEs were more frequent in older patients in both treatment groups. Conclusions: Cabozantinib improved PFS, OS and ORR compared with everolimus in previously treated patients with advanced RCC, irrespective of age group, supporting use in all age categories. Proactive dose modification and supportive care may help to mitigate AEs in older patients while maintaining efficacy.
The mantis shrimp superfamily Eurysquilloidea confirmed from Taiwan: Liusquilla taiwanica gen. et sp. nov.
Authors: Ahyong Shane T. , Lin Chia-Wei
Published: November 2020

Prior to the present study, the mantis shrimp superfamily Eurysquilloidea Manning, 1977, with the single family Eurysquillidae Manning, 1977, contained six genera and 32 species, most of which occur in the Indo-West Pacific. A new genus and species of eurysquilloid, Liusquilla taiwanica, recently discovered off southeastern Taiwan, is described herein, constituting the first record of the superfamily from the island. Sixty-eight species in six of the seven stomatopod superfamilies are now known from Taiwan. Liusquilla differs from other eurysquillids in the combination of four teeth on the dactylus of the raptorial claw and form of the eye and ocular scale. Liusquilla is possibly most closely related to Sinosquillla Liu & Wang, 1978, based on eye form and in the similarly ornamented, densely spinose telson and abdominal somite 6. A key to the eurysquillid genera is provided.
Species of Caridina nilotica group in China, with description of one new species (Crustacea, Decapoda, Atyidae)
Authors: Cai Yixiong
Published: November 2020

The atyid shrimps of Caridina nilotica species group from China are reviewed. Taxonomic diagnosis and discussions are given to three species so far known from China, viz. Caridina gracilipes De Man, 1892, Caridina macrophora Kemp, 1918 and Caridina elongapoda Liang & Yan, 1977. Detailed morphological description and illustrations are provided for a new species. Caridina sheni sp. nov. is morphologically similar to C. gracilipes but could be distinguished by its much longer dactylus of third and fifth pereiopods, and lower number of ventral rostral teeth.
A new species of sponge-inhabiting barnacle Neoacasta (Archaeobalanidae, Acastinae) in Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Yu Meng-Chen , Yorisue Takefumi , Kolbasov Gregory A. , Chan Benny K. K.
Published: November 2020

This paper describes a new species of sponge-inhabiting barnacle, Neoacasta liui sp. nov., collected in Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. In the present study we used both the morphological examination and DNA barcode (cytochrome c oxidase I gene) to distinguish this new species from acastine species including its congeners from Neoacasta Kolbasov, 1993. Neoacasta liui sp. nov. is similar to Neoacasta glans (Lamarck, 1818) in shell morphology, but the divergence in COI gene between them reached inter-specific differences. N. liui sp. nov. is characterized by externally latticed, narrow scutum, beak-shaped tergum with wider spur, and lack of six inwardly prominent teeth on margin of basis. N. glans having an Indo-West Pacific distribution may represent a complex of cryptic species.
Historical Thinking and the Human: Introduction
Authors: Tamm Marek , Simon Zoltán Boldizsár
Published: November 2020

In recent years the age-old question “what is the human?” has acquired a new acuteness and novel dimensions. In introducing the special issue on “Historical Thinking and the Human”, this article argues that there are two main trends behind the contemporary “crisis of human”: ecological transformations (related to human-induced climate change and planetary environmental challenges), and technological ones (including advancements in human enhancement, biotechnology and artificial intelligence). After discussing the respective anthropocenic and technoscientific redefinitions of the human, the paper theorizes three elements in an emerging new historicity of the human: first, the move from a fixed category to a dynamic and indeterminate concept, considering the human as a lifeform in movement; second, the extent to which the human is conceived of in its relational dependence on various non-human agents, organic and non-organic; and third, the reconceptualization of the human not as one but as many, to comprehend that we cannot speak of human individuality in the classical biological sense. In the final part, the article addresses the consequences of the redefinition of the human for historical thinking. It makes the case for the need to elaborate a new notion of history – captured by the phrase “more-than-human history”, and attuned to an emerging planetary regime of historicity in which historical thinking becomes able to affirm multiple temporalities: digital, technoscientific, sociocultural, human, biological and anthropocenic. The article concludes by recognizing the necessity to venture into a new transdisciplinary knowledge economy, appropriate for making sense of the contemporary constellation of the entangled human, technological and natural worlds.
An Overview of the Pre-Suppression Society of Jesus in Spain
Authors: Manning Patricia W.
Published: November 2020

In An Overview of the Pre-Suppression Society of Jesus in Spain, Patricia W. Manning offers a survey of the Society of Jesus in Spain from its origins in Ignatius of Loyola’s early preaching to the aftereffects of its expulsion. Rather than nurture the nascent order, Loyola’s homeland was often ambivalent. His pre-Jesuit freelance sermonizing prompted investigations. The young Society confronted indifference and interference from the Spanish monarchy and outright opposition from other religious orders. This essay outlines the order’s ministerial and pedagogical activities, its relationship with women and with royal institutions, including the Spanish Inquisition, and Spanish members’ roles in theological debates concerning casuistry, free will, and the immaculate conception. It also considers the impact of Jesuits’ non-religious writings.
Typification and nomenclatural clarifications of Mesembryanthemum purpurocroceum and M. insititium (Ruschioideae, Aizoaceae)
Authors: JOCOU ADRIEL I. , MINUÉ CARLOS R. , KLAK CORNELIA
Published: November 2020

The typification of the names Mesembryanthemum purpurocroceum and M. insititium are discussed. A neotype (illustration by Duncanson) and a lectotype (a specimen at B in Willdenow’s Herbarium) are designated. Epitypes (deposited at BOL) are also selected for both names. Nomenclatural issues about the specific epithet “purpurocroceum” are discussed. The two names are accepted here in Malephora as heterotypic synonyms, with M. purpurocroceum having nomenclatural priority.
Effect of polyamide nanoparticles on apoptosis of colon cancer cells induced by survivin antisense oligonucleotide
Authors: Xu Yongqiang , Ye Weibiao , Zhou Chan , Li Yuling , He Jianfang
Published: November 2020

In this study, we aimed to observe the effect of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) liposomes on the apoptosis of human colon cancer cells induced by survivin antisense oligonucleotides (ASODNs). PAMAM liposomes and PAMAM were mixed with survivin ASODNs to obtain antisense gene transfection complexes.
In addition, the zeta potentials and encapsulation rates of the complexes were measured. The two gene-containing complexes were transfected into HT-29 colon cancer cells to observe changes in cell morphology, detect the inhibitory effect on tumor cells and changes in apoptosis, and observe
changes in the cytoskeleton microfilament system using laser confocal microscopy. Caspase-3 activity in the cells was determined using a kinase activity assay, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activity in the cells was measured using immunoprecipitation analysis. The results
showed that the zeta potential of the PAMAM liposome-survivin-ASODN complex was higher than that of the PAMAM-survivin-ASODN complex (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the gene encapsulation rates between the two complexes (P > 0.05). PAMAM liposomes may
efficiently deliver survivin ASODNs to human colon cancer cells, reduce the expression of survivin protein and at the same time induce G2/M phase arrest in cells, and activate caspase-3 by activating p38 MAPK. Cleavage of caspase-3 destroys the structure of the intracellular skeletal microfilament
system, finally resulting in apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
Fabrication of single crystalline LiNbO3 thin films for wideband bulk acoustic wave filters
Authors: Xing Ying , Shuai Yao , Wang Xiaoxue , Lv Lu , Bai Xiaoyuan , Huang Shitian , Jian Ke , Yang Tao , Luo Wenbo , Wu Chuangui , Zhang Wanli
Published: November 2020

Single crystalline lithium niobate (LN) thin films with a Y43-cut are fabricated by crystal-ion-slicing technique, and the B-staged benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymer is used as the bonding medium for the transferring of the LN thin film on to a homogeneous LN substrate. The thickness of
the LN film is about 910 nm, and low energy ion irradiation is used to treat the surface of the film, which reduces the roughness from 12.4 nm down to 3.6 nm. Bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator is fabricated based on the thin LN layer, and the electromechanical coefficient (k2t)
of the LN film reaches 16.3%. A 3-stage BAW filter is obtained, and the 3 dB bandwidth of the filter is 8.5%, demonstrating the single crystalline LN thin film with large k2t is promising for wide band filter.
Effect of triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticles on diabetic retinopathy in rats
Authors: Li Chengyan , Zhao Guihong , Lu Lianwei , Du Xiuping
Published: November 2020

Triamcinolone acetonide acetate (TAA)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were prepared to investigate their transdermal absorption in vitro and establish a diabetic retinopathy (DR) rat model. To evaluate the effect of triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle capsules
on improving the structure of the retina and pancreas, we measured blood glucose levels and investigated the pathological changes in the retina and pancreas. The effect of triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle capsules on the morphology of the retina and pancreas of the rats with DR
was determined and compared among the normal group, model control group, positive control group, and triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle group. After treatment with triamcinolone acetonideloaded nanoparticle capsules for 2 months, the blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels
were significantly lower (P < 0.01) and the pathological changes were less severe in the triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle group than in the model control group. In addition, the arrangement of the photoreceptor cell layers in the retina was organized, intracellular and
extracellular edema in each layer was reduced compared with that in the model control group, the capillary lumen was not occluded, and the peripheral cells were slightly edematous in the triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle group. Triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle capsules
could effectively reduce the blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels and improve the structure of the retina and pancreas in the rats with DR.
A density functional theory study of metalloporphyrin derivatives act as fluorescent sensor for rapid evaluation of trimethylamine
Authors: Gu Haiyang , Liu Kaiqi , Huang Xingyi , Chen Quansheng , Sun Yanhui , Tan Chin Ping
Published: November 2020

A fluorescent sensor based on metalloporphyrin was developed for trimethylamine (TMA) evaluation. Density functional theory (DFT) has been performed to investigate the design mechanism of fluorescent sensor. Fourteen metalloporphyrin (MP) models were selected to find the influence of
metal atoms and substituent groups on the binding performance of fluorescent sensor. The optimized geometry structures, relative energies, mulliken charges, spin densities, and four frontier molecular orbitals together with binding energies of these fluorescent sensors were investigated. AgP
sensor has the lowest relative energies before and after exposure to TMA, which make AgP sensor better than the others to go through more than one pathway. Binding energy results revealed that the metalloporphyrin sensors with different metal atoms and substituent groups cause remarkable changes
in TMA binding performances. Thus, theoretical investigations can be used to extend the fluorescent sensor in to TMA related analytes in different detection requirements, and perhaps other molecule.
Twice as Nice: How Doubling Otolaryngology Rotation Time Affects the Intern Experience Nationwide
Authors: Maksimoski Matthew , Mutchnick Sean , Racette Samuel , Yu Karina J. , Micco Alan G.
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

Describe the current state of otolaryngologic residency training with recent changes to the program requirements by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) which increased the amount of time on intern year otolaryngology rotations from 3 to 6 months.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was performed and recruitment was done via personalized email sent to program coordinators of 113 ACGME-accredited otolaryngology training programs within the Unites States. The message requested a breakdown of the amount of time and specialty in which first year otolaryngologic residents rotated. Interval follow ups were sent at 3 and 6 months for coordinators who had not responded.

Results:

Response rate was 79.7% (90/113). General surgery and surgical intensive care unit were the two most common non-otolaryngologic rotations (92.2% and 96.6% respectively) while ophthalmology and radiation oncology were the least common at 7.8% each. All first year residents spend time on an inpatient otolaryngologic rotation, while 30.7% spend time on outpatient rotations. The most common subspecialties were head and neck oncology (40.0%) followed by pediatric otolaryngology (36.0%).

Conclusions:

Otolaryngologic training continues to become more slanted towards specialty-specific training and a concurrent reduction in “off-service” rotations. General inpatient services still predominate the intern year both inter- and intra-departmentally. These data provide insight into the training environment of the otolaryngologic trainees set to graduate residency for the first time this year.
SARS-CoV-2 immunochromatographic IgM/IgG rapid test in pregnancy: A false friend?
Authors: Fabre M , Ruiz-Martinez S , Monserrat Cantera ME , Cortizo Garrido A , Beunza Fabra Z , Peran M , Benito R , Mateo P , Paules C , Oros D
Published: November 2020

Background

An increasing body of evidence has revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women could increase the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Careful monitoring of pregnancies with COVID-19 and measures to prevent neonatal infection are warranted. Therefore, rapid antibody tests have been suggested as an efficient screening tool during pregnancy.

Cases

We analysed the clinical performance during pregnancy of a rapid, lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies. We performed a universal screening including 169 patients during their last trimester of pregnancy. We present a series of 14 patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 immunochromatographic assay rapid test result. Immunochromatographic assay results were always confirmed by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays for quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM+IgA antibodies as the gold standard. We observed a positive predictive value of 50% and a false positive rate of 50% in pregnant women, involving a significantly lower diagnostic performance than reported in non-pregnant patients.

Discussion

Our data suggest that although immunochromatographic assay rapid tests may be a fast and profitable screening tool for SARS-CoV-2 infection, they may have a high false positive rate and low positive predictive value in pregnant women. Therefore, immunochromatographic assay for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies must be verified by other test in pregnant patients.
Tackling Societal Challenges with Open Innovation
Authors: McGahan Anita M. , Bogers Marcel L. A. M. , Chesbrough Henry , Holgersson Marcus
Published: November 2020

Open innovation includes external knowledge sources and paths to market as complements to internal innovation processes. Open innovation has to date been driven largely by business objectives, but the imperative of social challenges has turned attention to the broader set of goals to which open innovation is relevant. This introduction discusses how open innovation can be deployed to address societal challenges—as well as the trade-offs and tensions that arise as a result. Against this background we introduce the articles published in this Special Section, which were originally presented at the sixth Annual World Open Innovation Conference.
Conflict transition, emplaced identity and the gendered politics of scale in Solomon Islands
Authors: George Nicole
Published: November 2020

Although there is growing recognition that women’s participation is critical for the durability of peaceful conflict transition, grounded research examining the political scale of women’s participation has not been common. Where feminist researchers have tackled this topic, they have generally reproduced binary representations of political space, sometimes strongly critical of local spaces as restrictive of women, sometimes strongly critical of a hegemonic liberal international. In this article, I address the issue of women’s participation in conflict transition governance from another more ethnographic angle, drawing from fieldwork conducted in the Solomon Islands, a Pacific Islands country destabilised by conflict in the late 1990s and early 2000s. I apply theories of political scale to consider where and how women are politically active in the conflict transition environment, how that political activity is constituted relative to other political scales and where and how women seek to make their political ambitions understood. The ‘emplacement’ lens I develop offers a critical vantage point for analysis of the ways women constitute political identities and the agendas they might meaningfully progress, at scales ranging from the small worlds of the household and the community to the broader scale of national politics.
Emplacing the spatial turn in peace and conflict studies
Authors: Brigg Morgan , George Nicole
Published: November 2020

This introduction provides an overview for the following collection of articles that engage with, and aim to extend, recent scholarship emphasising space as a category of analysis in peace and conflict studies. Attempts to ‘spatialise’ this field of enquiry have emphasised the ways actors and ideas travel and transform across scale (from the personal to the local, regional and global) and how agents, actors and identities constitute, and are constituted by, space and place in dynamics of conflict and peace. Attention to space has increased appreciation of the complex nature of nature of war- and peace-‘scapes’, and reflects upon space as material and symbolic, given meaning through peoples’ embodied activity and interactions. The articles in this issue engage with the foundations of the spatial turn and build upon innovations in spatial analysis of peace and conflict by focussing on the idea of ‘emplacement’ and emplaced security as critical to peacebuilding efforts and processes of conflict transition. To do so, we consider place in a relational sense, focussing on attachment, affective connection and narratives of place-identity as these are connected with conflict management, security, governance and political ordering.
Incorporating Consumer Product Categorizations into Shelf Layout Design
Authors: Rooderkerk Robert P. , Lehmann Donald R.
Published: November 2020

Using one field and two online lab experiments, this article shows that congruency between shelf layout and a consumer’s internal product categorization increases the perceived variety of the assortment and reduces the perceived complexity of the shelf layout. These assortment perceptions, in turn, heighten purchase intention and satisfaction toward the chosen item. Results are robust across internal categorization measurements (planogram design vs. sorting tasks), congruency measures (distance- vs. matching-based), and products (biscuits vs. yogurt snacks). In the field study, familiarity—operationalized as either consumption frequency or subjective product knowledge—increased the overall effect of categorization congruency and strengthened its pathway through perceived variety (vs. the one through complexity). The authors show how their research can be exploited to improve shelf layouts by optimizing the external categorization. They demonstrate the value of a unifying Bayesian framework for research on behavioral decision making that uses the same set of posterior parameter draws for parameter inference, moderated mediation analysis, and optimization under uncertainty.
What, Where, When and How of Visual Word Recognition: A Bibliometrics Review
Authors: Fu Yang , Wang Huili , Guo Hanning , Bermúdez-Margaretto Beatriz , Domínguez Martínez Alberto
Published: November 2020

The neural/mental operations involved in the process of visual word recognition (VWR) are fundamental for the efficient comprehension of written/printed words during reading. The present study used CiteSpace, a visual analysis software, to identify the intellectual landscape where VWR has been reviewed in the past decade. Thus, synthesized co-citation networks were analyzed to explore and discuss the main questions raised in the VWR literature: the research fronts and the emerging trends of research on this topic. Our results showed that the main questions addressed in VWR studies during the last decade have been focused on four main aspects related to “what,” “where,” “when,” and “how” of VWR; to be specific, the different types of representations assessed during VWR (“what”), the locations and the timing of the brain activity involved in VWR (“where” and “when”), and the interactivity among different representations during processing (“how”). Among the revised studies, letter position coding was found to be the main topic of interest, possibly reflecting the critical role of this process. Furthermore, the evidence found in these studies consistently supported that VWR implies access to phonological, semantic, and morphological representations, which interact and modulate the processing of written words, particularly during early stages. Altogether, our findings showed the evolution in VWR literature regarding the different cognitive and neural operations involved in this process, highlighting the growing interest over the last decade toward the top-down way that mental representations interact.
The Role of Outpatient Care Accreditation in Enhancing Foreign Patients’ Perception of Colombian Medical Tourism: A Quasi-experimental Design
Authors: de la Puente Pacheco Mario Alberto , de Oro Aguado Carlos Mario , Lugo Arias Elkyn , Fontecha Pacheco Briyis
Published: November 2020

This study analyzes whether hospitals accredited by the Joint Commission International in outpatient medical care protocols located in Colombia achieve a higher quality perception from foreign patients compared to others treated in a non-accredited one. A t-test with Welch correction, chi-square test, correlation coefficient of Tau Kendall, pre-test, post-test, complementary questionnaire and a 2 focus groups were used in 178 foreign patients. It was observed that patients treated in accredited hospitals had a higher quality perception than the non-accredited group. However, it was found that an unbalanced application of the 3 variables negatively alters quality judgment. Findings contributes to understanding the Colombian medical tourism in depth using non-conventional instruments.
Measuring Christian Integration in Professional Counseling Practice and the Contributions of Spiritual Formation and Mentoring
Authors: Loosemore Paul W.
Published: November 2020

This study surveyed counselors who integrate Christian faith to determine the impact of spiritual formation and mentoring relationships on integration satisfaction and activity. A holistic measure of integrative practice is proposed and used. In a convenience sample of 226 counselors who were Christian, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) found spiritual formation and mentoring relationships significantly contribute to satisfaction ( p < .001, [Formula: see text] = .127) and activity ( p = .001, [Formula: see text] = .041) of integration. A second MANOVA and post hoc tests explore the contribution of spiritual formation and mentoring relationship to 12 integration elements. A T-test found mean satisfaction was significantly higher than activity ( p < .001, d = 0.7) of integration. Counselor development is discussed in light of study findings with specific recommendations including a focus on spiritual formation.
The Relationship between Purity Culture and Rape Myth Acceptance
Authors: Owens Bretlyn C. , Hall M. Elizabeth Lewis , Anderson Tamara L.
Published: November 2020

The current study investigated the relationship between purity culture, rape myth acceptance, and intrinsic religiosity in the Christian population. Specifically, this study explored if purity culture endorsement would be associated with increased rape myth acceptance and increased likelihood of incorrectly labeling rape. It was also examined whether intrinsic religiosity would ameliorate the relationship between purity culture and rape myth acceptance. Ninety-nine Christian men and women participated in this study. Results demonstrated that endorsement of purity culture was related to increased endorsement of rape myths and increased likelihood of labeling marital rape and acquaintance rape as consensual sex. Intrinsic religiosity was also found to be a significant moderator of the relationship between purity culture and rape myth acceptance. Overall, these findings have important implications for how purity culture is taught and understood, and how these teachings relate to the Christian population’s involvement in the cultural dialogue surrounding sexual assault.
The Benefits and Liabilities of Risk-Taking Propensity and Confidence at the U.S. Military Academy
Authors: Schaefer Hillary S. , Farina Andrew G. , Cotting Dave I. , Proctor Eliot S. , Cook Cheveso L. , Lerner Richard M.
Published: November 2020

The military environment presents an intersection between a setting featuring unavoidable risk and individual risk-taking propensity; prior work suggests risk-takers have positive and negative outcomes here, and messaging about risk-taking in the military is mixed. The current study used social identity theory to examine how self-reported risk propensity related to three identities/outcomes among cadets at the U.S. Military Academy: attributes of an archetypal “Model Soldier” (physical and military excellence), “Model Student” (grade point average, service positions, and behavior), and Military Values (bravery, duty, and resilience). Structural equation modeling demonstrated that risk-taking was positively related to our Model Soldier and Military Values identities but negatively associated with being a Model Student. Additionally, high-risk-taking cadets were viewed by peers and instructors as confident but prone to judgment, self-discipline, and insight difficulties, suggesting overconfidence among risk-takers. Quantified as a difference between confidence and self-discipline, judgment, and insight, overconfidence mediated the relationship between risk-taking and the three identities, suggesting overconfidence drives both positive and negative associations with risk-taking. Military and leadership implications are presented.