bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of keypads and touch-screen mobile phones/devices as potential risk for microbial contamination
Authors: Koroglu Mehmet , Gunal Selami , Yildiz Fatma , Savas Mehtap , Ozer Ali , Altindis Mustafa
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Touch-screen mobile phones/devices (TMPs/Ds) are increasingly used in hospitals. They may act as a mobile reservoir for microbial pathogens. The rates of microbial contamination of TMPs/Ds and keypad mobile phones (KMPs) with respect to different variables including use by healthcare workers (HCWs)/non-HCWs and the demographic characteristics of users were investigated. Methodology: A total of 205 mobile phones/devices were screened for microbial contamination: 76 devices belonged to HCWs and 129 devices belonged to the non-HCW group. By rubbing swabs to front screen, back, keypad, and metallic surfaces of devices, 444 samples were collected. Results: Of 205 mobile phones/devices, 143 (97.9%) of the TMPs/Ds and 58 (98.3%) of the KMPs were positive for microbial contamination, and there were no significant differences in contamination rates between these groups, although TMPs/Ds had significantly higher microbial load than KMPs (p <0.05). The significant difference in this analysis was attributable to the screen size of mobile phones ≥ 5”. Microbial contamination rates increased significantly as phone size increased (p <0.05). Higher numbers of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) were isolated from KMPs than TMPs/Ds (p = 0.049). The incidence of Enterococcus spp. was higher on the KMPs of HCWs, and methicillin resistant CNS was higher from the TMPs/Ds of non-HCWs (p <0.05). Isolation of CNS, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli was higher from the TMPs/Ds of HCWs (p <0.05). Conclusions: We found no significant difference between TMP/Ds and KMPs in terms of microbial contamination, but TMP/Ds harboured more colonies and total microbial counts increased with screen size.
Circulation of bovine viral diarrhea virus – 1 (BVDV-1) in dairy cattle and buffalo farms in Ismailia Province, Egypt
Authors: Soltan Mohamed Ahmed , Wilkes Rebecca P , Elsheery Mohamed Nagy , Elhaig Mahmoud Mohy , Riley Matthhew C , Kennedy Melissa A
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the most economically significant diseases in the bovine industry causing losses due to diarrhea, reproductive disorders, immunosuppression and mortalities. The aim of our investigation was to detect and subtype BVDV from calves on two dairy cattle and two buffalo farms in Ismailia province, Egypt as an indicator of BVDV infection status in the province. Methodology: A total of 298 blood samples were collected and tested using an optimized one-step, real-time multiplex Taqman-based RT-PCR. All the positive samples by the multiplex real-time RT-PCR were tested using conventional RT-PCR to amplify multiple areas of the genome for further phylogenetic analysis and subtyping. Results: Thirty one (10.4%) of the tested samples were positive for BVDV-1. Only three samples, all from a single dairy cattle farm, had enough viral RNA to be amplified by RT-PCR. The PCR products were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis revealed detection of BVDV-1b. The detected strain is closely related to worldwide BVDV-1b strains, making it difficult to trace its origin. Nucleotide and amino acid alignments of the E2 glycoprotein region of the detected strain with other BVDV-1b strains showed high divergence, with identity ranging from 81.3% to 93.6% and 85.3% to 93.6%, respectively. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the circulation of BVDV-1b in Egyptian dairy cattle populations.
Satisfaction of HIV patients with task-shifted primary care service versus routine hospital service in northern Thailand
Authors: Aung Myo Nyein , Moolphate Saiyud , Kitajima Tsutomu , Siriwarothai Yaowaluk , Takamtha Piyaporn , Katanyoo Chitima , Okamura Hiroshi , Field Malcom , Noyama Osamu , Wannakrairot Pongsak , Klinbuayaem Virat
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Shifting the task of HIV care to primary care providers is an important strategy to sustain expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in high HIV burden countries like Thailand. In a pilot project, the task of following up ART-receiving patients was shifted from a physician-led HIV clinic team based at district level community hospital, to a nurse-led primary healthcare team of seven primary care centers, based at sub-district level in a district of Chiang Mai in northern Thailand. This study aimed to evaluate the task-shifted ART service in a patient-centered approach. Methodology: Patients’ satisfaction level was assessed cross-sectionally in a sample of 198 patients, which included 66 people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving task-shifted ART service and matched controls in a ratio of 1:2. HIV immunological outcome was compared in a retrospective cohort of a year follow-up. Transculturally translated patient satisfaction questionnaire short form (PSQ-18) was used. Multivariate analysis of variance compared seven domains of patients’ satisfaction levels. Results: Community hospital patients expressed significantly higher levels of satisfaction with the technical quality, communication, and time spent by the service provider, whereas the task-shifted model patients experienced significantly better accessibility and convenience of the service. At the one-year follow up, CD4 counts of the two groups were not significantly different. Conclusion: Future research and training programs should aim to improve the technical quality and communication skills of nurse-led ART service teams to shift the task of HIV care and sustain expansion of ART access in primary care settings.
Spontaneous Regression of an Incidental Spinal Meningioma
Authors: Yilmaz Ali , Kizilay Zahir , Sair Ahmet , Avcil Mucahit , Ozkul Ayca
Published: December 2015

AIM: The regression of meningioma has been reported in literature before. In spite of the fact that the regression may be involved by hemorrhage, calcification or some drugs withdrawal, it is rarely observed spontaneously.CASE REPORT: We report a 17 year old man with a cervical meningioma which was incidentally detected. In his cervical MRI an extradural, cranio-caudal contrast enchanced lesion at C2-C3 levels of the cervical spinal cord was detected. Despite the slight compression towards the spinal cord, he had no symptoms and refused any kind of surgical approach. The meningioma was followed by control MRI and it spontaneously regressed within six months. There were no signs of hemorrhage or calcification. CONCLUSION: Although it is a rare condition, the clinicians should consider that meningiomas especially incidentally diagnosed may be regressed spontaneously.
Theoretical Framework of Computer Cognition for Use in Urban Design Process
Authors: Lazić Marko , Perišić Ana , Šidjanin Predrag
Published: December 2015

AIM: The purpose of this paper is to highlight a new paradigm in the urban design practice, assigning a possible role to computer cognition in architecture.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Computer cognition is a synthesis of theories of cognitive science and the latest artificial intelligence-based computer principles. First, the development of computer systems used in architecture and urban design has been examined with the emphasis that one of the most important representations of urban systems is based on the cognitive aspect of urban environment.RESULTS: Thus, the relationship between urban environment and cognitive science and computer science has been established. A framework of the implementation of computer technology into the urban design process has also been created.CONCLUSIONS: Through the research framework of the new urban design tool – named DesignTool – the paper presents the initial theoretical postulates concerning the urban environment from the aspect of cognitive perception and their genesis.
Le déterminisme entre sciences et philosophie
Authors: Athané François
Published: December 2015

Bien que ce fait soit souvent méconnu, la notion de déterminisme est de sens commun, particulièrement pour ce qui concerne les faits sociaux. La difficulté est de lui offrir une tournure véritablement scientifique. C’est pourquoi un effort spécial doit porter sur la caractérisation des phénomènes proprement sociaux, c’est-à-dire institutionnels. Or ceux-ci présentent des traits qui les rendent malaisés à intégrer dans les modèles courants de la causalité, du déterminisme et des lois dans les sciences : en raison notamment du phénomène crucial de l’immotivation des pouvoirs institutionnels par rapport aux supports matériels de ces pouvoirs. Le langage est à ce titre l’exemple le plus frappant. La question est en outre de savoir si la causalité est indispensable pour penser le déterminisme, et en quels sens ce dernier concept doit être pris. Le propos s’achève par une réflexion sur la notion de loi en sciences sociales. Il est montré qu’il y a des lois en sciences sociales, et qu’en outre il n’est pas nécessairement difficile de les mettre en lumière. Ces lois sont généralement tacitement formulées par les textes des sciences sociales, et se trouvent dès lors souvent solidaires d’une conception de la nature humaine rarement explicitée.
Le déterminisme entre sciences et philosophie
Authors: Charbonnat Pascal
Published: December 2015

Les concepts de déterminisme et de cause sont presque toujours associés lorsqu’il s’agit de les définir. La nécessité des déterminations serait sous-tendue par une chaîne de causes et d’effets, tandis que le propre d’une cause consisterait dans un pouvoir de détermination qui rendrait un effet totalement ou partiellement dépendant d’elle. Cet article a pour but d’interroger cette association et d’évaluer ses présupposés. Il apparaît tout d’abord que le concept de cause est une illusion, tant dans ses manifestations ordinaires au travers des concepts de cause cognitifs communs (C4), que dans ses expressions plus sophistiquées dans les concepts de cause savants (CCS). Ce caractère illusoire de la cause est attaché à au moins quatre biais cognitifs qui invalident toute perspective d’utilité épistémique pour les CCS. Ainsi, les différentes tentatives pour sauver le concept de cause, sur le plan ontologique comme sur celui épistémique, sont récusées. Dans ces conditions, les concepts de déterminisme et de nécessité naturelle doivent être distingués selon qu’ils intègrent ou non un concept de cause. Un concept de déterminisme causal (CDC) s’oppose à un concept de déterminisme neutre (CDN), qui se dispense entièrement de tout usage de CCS. Ce déterminisme a-causal se fonde une nécessité naturelle neutre (3N) conçue comme une interdépendance universelle entre les choses, qui ne présuppose pas un ordre ou des qualités entre les entités, et qui dépend fortement du concept de fonction. Contrairement à un déterminisme causal, le CDC possède un référent objectif hors cognition et une utilité épistémique. Cette dernière consiste dans le plaisir de réconcilier une intelligibilité par les fonctions entre grandeurs mesurables et les discours historiques ou mécanistes liés à des inductions conditionnelles.
Regard en arrière. Ma première rencontre avec Winnicott
Authors: Schacht Lore
Published: December 2015

Récit émouvant d’une psychanalyste sur sa première rencontre avec Winnicott à la fin de sa vie, quelques mois seulement avant son décès en janvier 1971.
Hétérotopie et utopie pratique : comparaison entre Foucault et Ricœur
Authors: Roman Sébastien
Published: December 2015

L’utopie, aujourd’hui, a mauvaise presse. Elle est réduite, très souvent, à sa forme littéraire – le rêve ou la fiction – qui pourrait paraître inoffensive ou prêter à sourire, si le xx e siècle ne l’avait pas discréditée par les expériences totalitaires. L’utopie serait une notion désuète dont il conviendrait de se débarrasser, pour accepter une restriction du champ des possibles. Contre ces préjugés, le présent article insiste sur la figure de l’utopie pratique, et sur sa force critique pour contester un ordre social donné, dans les sociétés contemporaines, à partir d’une étude comparative des travaux de Michel Foucault et de Paul Ricœur, qu’il est intéressant de faire pour souligner l’importance d’espaces autres – des hétérotopies – en démocratie.
Premières leçons d’une « drôle » de transition en République centrafricaine
Authors: Marchal Roland
Published: December 2015

Alors que la situation intérieure en République centrafricaine peine à se stabiliser, il est important de revenir sur la nature de la crise que la communauté internationale essaie de résoudre en allant aux élections le plus rapidement possible. En mettant entre parenthèses son ancrage historique et la radicalité des déchirures du tissu social, les acteurs internationaux évitent de questionner la perpétuation au pouvoir d’une élite banguissoise prédatrice et d’une situation régionale dans l’impasse depuis trop longtemps.
Le Grand Paris, le joker de l’économie française
Authors: Davezies Laurent
Published: December 2015

Cet article est rédigé à partir d’une note préparée pour la mission de configuration du Grand Paris. Il vise, à deux mois de sa mise en place, à évaluer les enjeux et les dynamiques, en termes de « macroéconomie locale » de la mise en place du Grand Paris. Sont examinés successivement le poids de son économie en France et dans la région Île-de-France, le fait que, contrairement à sa région, le Grand Paris se conforme au modèle de dynamique métropolitaine qui s’est développé depuis 15 ans dans le pays (et dans les autres pays industriels), en rupture avec ce que l’on observait dans les années antérieures. Il rend compte également du fait qu’à cette concentration métropolitaine, à l’échelle du pays, vient s’ajouter une concentration urbaine au sein des grandes aires urbaines, avec, dans le cas du Grand Paris, un retournement des dynamiques, favorables hier à la « deuxième couronne » de la région et aujourd’hui à son cœur « grand parisien » et particulièrement au centre, dans Paris et ses communes limitrophes. On examine, enfin, l’évolution actuelle du marché de l’emploi de ce territoire, son intégration croissante avec le reste de la région et la transformation d’un modèle radial en un nouveau modèle, de plus en plus concentrique.
Vers un nouveau paradigme des stratégies de développement régional dans l’OCDE
Authors: Oliveira-Martins Joaquim , Maguire Karen
Published: December 2015

Cet article décrit les principales tendances qui se dégagent en termes de croissance et de convergence entre les régions de l’OCDE. Il discute ensuite les facteurs de croissance au niveau régional et les principaux changements en termes de politique territoriale mise en œuvre dans les pays de l’OCDE. Il termine par une discussion sur l’utilisation des politiques régionales pour un objectif élargi de bien-être.
ColScript a New Scripting Language for Collaborative Learning
Authors: Turani Aiman
Published: December 2015

The collaboration script is defined as a formal way of describing the flow of activities within a collaborative learning session. Using collaboration script would encourage the production of effective and productive interactions between learners. Nevertheless, developing such script is not a trivial task. Standardization has played a major role in the expansion of instructional designs, but at the same time it limited down the flexibility of describing collaboration sessions that have complex structures. Representing a collaboration script in XML-tags format works well when scripting simple scenarios, but to describe extended scenarios it would make this scripting style very challenging and complicated. This approach causes users to avoid designing heavy weight scenarios and limits down their creativity. Relying on tools to implicitly generate such script would also limit down designers’ creativity since designers can only choose from a limited set of tools and design components.

In this research, we have defined the bases of a new collaboration scripting language, CoScript, that is able to describe collaboration learning sessions in a simple, flexible, and formal way. This scripting language has been derived based on a theoretical framework that was proposed in an earlier research. The proposed scripting language notation is close to the notation of traditional software scripting languages. This makes it easier to be learnt by instructors with basic programming skills. It has the ability to describe design’s structure elements, such as sequencing, conditions, repetition, activities, activity’s input /output, group formation, etc.

ColScript is basically composed of a limited set of objects and commands. The first part contains six objects (role object, group object, feedback object, collaboration tools object, time/date object and resources object), where the second part contains five essential structuring commands (input, output, loop, doactivity, groupformation).
Vidas Secas (Nelson Pereira dos Santos, 1963), le son à perte de vue
Authors: Thomas Erika
Published: December 2015

Vidas Secas (Nelson Pereira dos Santos, 1963) est un film emblématique du Cinema Novo brésilien des années soixante qui s’ouvre et se referme sur le son strident que produit le frottement d’une roue de char à bœufs contre le chariot en bois. Un son particulier qui semble illustrer une plainte autour de laquelle s’articule le propos central du film illustrant la misère du Nordeste et ses vies déshumanisées. Cet article se focalise sur trois séquences précises qui nous aident à comprendre la potentialité discursive de ce bruit et son lien avec le sentiment d’indignité des protagonistes.
L’art textile préhispanique, témoin des schémas migratoires (l’exemple de la côte sud du Pérou, Intermédiaire Tardif)
Authors: Tessier Chloé
Published: December 2015

La présente étude propose d’observer comment les textiles préhispaniques (c’est-à-dire les tissus produits par les peuples ayant vécu avant la conquête et l’arrivée des européens en Amérique) peuvent apporter des données sur les sociétés qui les ont réalisés. En l’absence de documents écrits -comme c’est le cas pour les Andes préhispaniques-, les artefacts archéologiques constituent en effet les uniques matériels informatifs disponibles pour reconstruire l’histoire des cultures du passé. C’est à partir de l’exemple des textiles préhispaniques de la côte sud du Pérou que nous montrerons comment l’analyse des variations stylistiques permet de formuler des hypothèses concernant les schémas migratoires et les interactions culturelles entre les populations de l’époque.
Les territoires de l’attente dans la littérature des Amériques au 20ème siècle : représentations et enjeux
Authors: Plançon Thomas
Published: December 2015

Les sciences sociales se sont intéressés aux déplacements de population pour fournir des données statistiques, sociales, politiques de la migration, notamment à travers les flux vers les Amériques au cours du 20ème siècle. Aujourd’hui, la recherche s’oriente vers de nouvelles thématiques et de nouvelles approches au plus près des migrants, pour comprendre les ressentis et vécus des personnes en mouvement. C’est le cas des territoires de l’attente dont l’objectif est d’analyser la mise en attente – volontaire ou non – ainsi que sa perception durant les voyages vers les Amériques. Si les archives nous donnent un aperçu de ce qu’est l’attente au cours de la traversée, il est cependant important de travailler sur de nouveaux corpus qui retranscrivent les ressentis face à cet entretemps, comme la littérature par exemple.Au-delà du simple exercice historiographique des rapports entre histoire et littérature, cet article met en avant l’importance de la fiction dans la compréhension d’ « évènements qui n’ont pas de place définie dans le temps » (Bruno Schulz), à travers l’exemple de l’attente vécue par des migrants ou des personnes déplacés par un pouvoir politique en place.
Nuevas instancias transculturales de la literatura latinoamericana : la tradición latina de los Estados Unidos
Authors: López Alejo
Published: December 2015

La literatura latina de los Estados Unidos, expresión literaria de una identidad cultural surgida de los procesos migratorios que desde el siglo XX en adelante vehiculizan la condición extraterritorial de gran parte de la cultura latinoamericana contemporánea, configura un fenómeno estético-cultural de enorme impacto en el seno de las tradiciones literarias que intersecta intersticialmente, y a las cuales transforma por medio de la portentosa pujanza de sus innovadores procesos transculturales, proyectando, consecuentemente, un cuestionamiento de los límites tradiciones de lo que se conoce como “la literatura latinoamericana”.
Atypical femur fractures associated with bisphosphonates: from prodrome to resolution
Authors: Sastre-Jala Braulio , Heredia-Heredia Elaine , Franco-Ferrando Nuria , Poquet-Jornet Jaime
Published: December 2015

Atypical fractures related to the prolonged use of bisphosphonates are caused by low energy mechanisms and are characterized by oblique and transverse lines and frequent bilateralism. We present a clinical case of a patient who we believe illustrates, both in clinical and radiological aspects, the new definition of atypical femur fracture related to treatment using bisphosphonates treated conservatively and successfully with discharge and teriparatide 20 mcg/80 mcl s.c./24h. The appearance of painful symptoms in the upper thigh, especially if bilateral, in patients treated with bisphosphonates for long periods of time, makes it necessary to dismiss bone lesions that might otherwise suggest atypical fracture. In those cases where the fracture is incomplete, restoring bone metabolism through the administration of teriparatide 20 mcg/80 mcl s.c./24h could prevent displaced fractures.
Гомотопические свойства $\infty$-симплициальных коалгебр и гомотопически унитальные дополненные $A_\infty$-алгебры
Authors: Lapin Sergei Valerievich
Published: December 2015

Настоящая работа посвящена разработке гомотопической теории
$\infty$-симплициальных коалгебр, в терминах которой
дается ответ на следующий вопрос:
задание какой дополнительной структуры на тензорной
биградуированной коалгебре градуированного модуля эквивалентно
введению на этом модуле структуры гомотопически унитальной
$A_\infty$-алгебры.
Библиография: 6 названий.
Осцилляция функции меры иррациональности в многомерном случае
Authors: Shatskov Denis Olegovich
Published: December 2015

Доказано, что для почти всех пар матриц $\Theta$, $\Theta'$
в случаях $m=1$ и $n=2$ или $m\geqslant2$ и $n=1$ разность
$\psi_\Theta-\psi_{\Theta'}$ осцилирует бесконечное количество раз
при $t\to+\infty$.
Библиография: 4 названия.
Преобразование Ляпунова дифференциальных операторов с неограниченными операторными коэффициентами
Authors: Bichegkuev Mairbek Suleimanovich
Published: December 2015

Вводятся в рассмотрение ряд понятий,
связанных с преобразованием Ляпунова
линейных дифференциальных операторов
с неограниченными операторными коэффициентами,
порожденных семейством эволюционных операторов.
Получены утверждения о подобных операторах,
связанных с преобразованием Ляпунова,
и приводятся их спектральные свойства.
Одним из основных результатов статьи является теорема
о подобии возмущенного дифференциального оператора
с постоянным операторным коэффициентом, являющегося генератором
ограниченной группы операторов. В качестве возмущения выступает
оператор умножения на суммируемую операторную функцию.
Установлена почти периодичность на бесконечности решений
соответствующего однородного дифференциального уравнения.
Библиография: 21 название.
Afterword: Role Language and Character Research in a Wider Perspective
Authors: BEKEŠ Andrej
Published: December 2015

The present issue of ALA offers readers a unique opportunity to become familiar with the developments in character and role language research, which evolved in Japan mainly around and after the turn of the millennium.[full text available in PDF]
Vojko Kavčič (2015). Umovadba za bistre možgane v poznih letih. Dob pri Domžalah, Miš
Authors: Šulak Tanja
Published: December 2015

Vojko Kavčič se je po diplomi iz psihologije na Filozofski fakulteti v Ljubljani in po nadgradnji svojega znanja z doktorskim študijem iz eksperimentalne psihologije na univerzi North Texas v ZDA zavezal raziskovanju možganov in kognitivnih sprememb, povezanih s staranjem. V knjigi Umovadba za bistre možgane v poznih letih nas znanstveno poglobljeno, pa vendar razumljivo tudi širšemu krogu bralcev, pouči o najnovejših spoznanjih nevroznanosti, o alzheimerjevi bolezni in demenci. Zaradi vse večjega deleža starega prebivalstva tako v Sloveniji kot tudi v Evropi in širše v svetu so znanstvena dognanja o staranju možganov zelo aktualna in tudi zelo slišana. To med drugim potrjuje podatek, da je knjiga, izdana v tem letu, doživela že dva ponatisa.
Nonverbal Elements in War Poems across Cultures: A Case Study of English and Croatian
Authors: Vančura Alma
Published: December 2015

Building on extensive study on nonverbal communication, this paper focuses on the presence of culturally referenced representations of nonverbal behaviour in poetry, specifically looking at the presence of culturally referenced nonverbal elements in war poems written during and after World War I. Written representations of such nonverbal elements are seen either as vocal-nonverbal (paralanguage) or as nonvocal-nonverbal (kinesics). As a poem’s theme derives from the actual event(s), it can be expected to contain culturally bound nonverbal elements. Analysis shows that nonverbal elements are mostly represented via descriptions of spatial signs, body adaptors and bodily characteristics, and that the presence of culturally referenced nonverbal elements is almost non-existent.
What Does the Digital Student Want? Cross-Cultural Collaboration and Wikis in Academic Literacy
Authors: Pisanski Peterlin Agnes , Botshon Lisa
Published: December 2015

New online educational tools have opened new possibilities for cross-cultural collaboration which supports critical thinking and encourages learner autonomy. Nevertheless, the success of a crosscultural collaborative experience cannot be taken for granted, since it inevitably involves the need to bridge transcultural differences. This paper presents an American-Slovene cross-cultural collaborative project with a focus on the perceptions of the Slovene student-participants. In particular, it examines their views of one of the components of the collaborative project, specifically, the collaborative wiki writing assignment, introduced to develop the students’ academic literacy skills. The findings of the questionnaire study show that the participants’ experiences with the cross-cultural collaboration were positive, although their answers reveal a slight preference for less challenging activities. Nevertheless, even the fairly demanding writing assignment was generally perceived to be interesting and useful: while its full interactive potential was not realized due to the participants’ reluctance to engage in editing, the wiki is clearly an efficient tool for promoting academic literacy.
Evaluative Meaning in Translation
Authors: Jurko Primož
Published: December 2015

Evaluative meaning is frequently understood as a form of connotation, pertaining to single lexical items. However, the term has recently been applied also to longer stretches of text, spanning several words. The paper generally deals with the latter aspect and provides a corpus-driven analysis of several Slovene and English phrases that may appear semantically neutral, yet turn out to be heavily non-neutral in terms of their semantic properties. After a short introduction of the main approaches to the topic, including its dilemmas, the paper focuses on the L1-into-L2 translation of such strings, with particular emphasis on proper rendering of the evaluative meaning. While further research is warranted into the matter, the work presented here attests to the complex and ubiquitous nature of the Sinclairian extended unit of meaning.
Variation and Change in the Grammatical Marking of Stance: The Case of That-Complement Clauses in Research Articles
Authors: Godnič Vičič Šarolta
Published: December 2015

Variation in the genre of research articles has been extensively studied across different disciplines and languages; however, diachronic change and intradisciplinary variation in this academic genre have received less attention. Therefore this paper aims to shed light on change and variation in research articles within a multidisciplinary field of research by focusing on the use of that-complement clause constructions which are known to mark stance. The corpus-based study uses tourism studies as an example, and covers the time span from 1995 to 2010. Diachronic change in the use of that-complement clause constructions was found in instances when they are marked by a verb as well as in the kinds of stance meanings conveyed. Significant intradisciplinary variation was also found across the journals.
Iconicity and Distribution of Complex Verbal Phrases in English
Authors: Trobevšek Drobnak Frančiška
Published: December 2015

The aim of the paper is to look into how the use and distribution of complex verbal phrases in English comply with the postulates of the theories of constructional iconicity, frequency asymmetries and naturalness, especially in the initial stages of their proliferation. The three theoretical frameworks are first outlined and compared, and predictions ensuing from them are formulated as to the expected behaviour of complex versus simple linguistic constructions. Two types of complex verbal constructions are examined from the point of view of these predictions: the progressive verbal phrase be + present participle and the composite predicate consisting of a semantically bleached verb + deverbal noun.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS CONHECIMENTOS SOBRE PARASITOSES ENTRE GESTANTES E PUÉRPERAS ATENDIDAS EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DE NITERÓI, RJ – BRASIL
Authors: Sudré Adriana Pittella , Dos Santos Davi Costa , Paulics Jennyfer Gagliano , Rosental Renata , Fonseca Ana Beatriz Monteiro , Millar Patricia Riddell
Published: December 2015

As infecções parasitárias são frequentes no Brasil durante a gestação. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento sobre parasitoses entre gestantes e puérperas atendidas em um Hospital Universitário Público de Niterói-RJ, Brasil. A avaliação foi realizada por meio de entrevista para preenchimento de um questionário padrão. Foram realizadas 100 entrevistas (60 gestantes e 40 puérperas). O grau de escolaridade não influenciou no conhecimento sobre parasitoses. Grande parte das entrevistadas afirmou possuir hábito de sempre lavar as mãos após ir ao banheiro e antes das refeições. O consumo de frutas e vegetais foi prevalente, mas 17% afirmaram não higienizá-los antes do consumo e 39% afirmaram consumir carne crua ou mal cozida. O nível de escolaridade e o número de gestações não influenciaram nos hábitos de higiene. O início tardio do acompanhamento pré-natal e o número de gestações não influenciaram no conhecimento sobre parasitos. Além disso, não se verificou correlação entre a data de início do pré-natal e o número de respostas corretas no questionário. Da mesma forma, não houve associação entre a data de início do pré-natal e o recebimento de informações sobre infecções parasitárias. Das entrevistadas, 79% afirmaram não ter recebido qualquer informação sobre parasitoses e os malefícios que poderiam causar a elas e/ ou ao bebê. Apesar dos avanços na assistência pré-natal na última década, a falta de conhecimento entre gestantes e puérperas acerca de parasitoses e fatores de risco para infecção ainda persiste
SOROPREVALÊNCIA DE INFECÇÃO HUMANA POR Trypanosoma cruzi EM UMA ÁREA RURAL DO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Araújo Adelita Campos , Rodrigues Suelen Costa , Rezende Andreá de Fátima Silva , Villela Marcos Marreiro , Borsuk Sibele
Published: December 2015

A doença de Chagas é causada pelo protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi. Apesar de ser endêmica na América Latina, há poucos estudos de soroprevalência de infecção por T. cruzi em áreas rurais, onde os indivíduos têm menos acesso à informação sobre esta enfermidade. Neste trabalho, teve-se como objetivo investigar a soroepidemiologia de T. cruzi em uma população humana rural do município de Pelotas, RS. Participaram 227 usuários de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) da localidade Cerrito Alegre-RS (3º distrito de Pelotas-RS). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas e os soros testados quanto à presença de anticorpos anti-T. cruzi por meio de Imunoensaio Quimioluminescente de Micropartículas e, quando reagentes, confirmados via Imunofluorescência Indireta. O levantamento dos fatores de risco associados à presença da parasitose deu-se por meio de um questionário semiestruturado. Na população da região rural avaliada foi encontrado o índice de 2,7% de soropositividade para T. cruzi. Dentre os fatores de risco avaliados, dois apresentaram diferença estatística significativa: o tipo de moradia (P 0,0093), com maior risco morar ou ter morado em casa de pau-a-pique, barro e madeira (OR 46,9), e o fato de já ter sido picado pelo vetor (P 0,0309 e OR 14,5).
Secularização, (a) teísmo e pluralismo religioso nas sociedades ocidentais contemporâneas
Authors: Mónico Lisete S. Mendes
Published: December 2015

Os fenómenos religiosos ocupam um lugar central na vida dos crentes, na dinâmica dos grupos, na coesão das comunidades locais e na ordenação global das sociedades nacionais e transnacionais. Incidindo sobre a dimensão ideológica da religiosidade, o presente artigo pretende contribuir para um entendimento mais alargado da secularização, seus contornos sociais e consequências individuais nas sociedades ocidentais contemporâneas. Nele se revisita a tese weberiana da Secularização e seus efeitos ao nível da significação religiosa, dos estatutos/papéis religiosos e da extensão pela qual se vive o religioso. Discute-se a privatização da religião e a consolidação numa religião mais transferida para a privacidade de cada um. A regressão ocorrida ao nível do efeito global e totalizante da religião assiste à procura de novas formas/rumos espirituais. A secularização vê-se transfigurada em pós-secularização, momento oportuno para a reformulação das teorias sociológicas da religião. O mundo contemporâneo é plural e secularizado, desenvolvendo-se crenças fora dos contextos institucionais, associadas a uma atitude religiosa mais pragmática. Espelho das sociedades ocidentais contemporâneas, a realidade portuguesa aproxima-se de uma posição pluralista em matérias religiosas. A relação do cristão leigo com a Igreja transformou-se, passando-se de uma fé de obrigação para uma fé de convicção.
Villous Adenoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Wang Jindong , Manucha Varsha
Published: December 2015

Villous adenoma is a rare neoplasm in the urinary tract. It usually occurs in patients older than 50 years with a male predominance. The affected patients typically present with hematuria, irritative voiding symptoms, and mucosuria. The malignant potential of this entity has not been established, but some of the case series studies on bladder villous adenoma do suggest a possible association with malignant tumors. Findings on ultrasonography, computed tomographic scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, or on cystoscopic examination are nonspecific. Therefore, villous adenoma of the bladder is primarily a histologic diagnosis. This review will highlight the current theories on its pathogenesis and discuss its main histologic and immunohistochemical features to aid the diagnosis.
Reappraisal of Serosal Invasion in Patients With T3 Colorectal Cancer by Elastic Stain: Clinicopathologic Study of 139 Surgical Cases With Special Reference to Peritoneal Elastic Lamina Invasion
Authors: Nakanishi Yukihiro , LeVea Charles , Dibaj Shiva , Habib Fadi , Cheney Richard , Kanehira Kazunori
Published: December 2015

Context

Peritoneal elastic lamina invasion (PELI) has been reported to be an important adverse prognostic factor in pT3 colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the data supporting this contention are limited.

Objective

To clarify the associations between PELI of pT3 CRC and prognostic significance, 139 consecutive surgical cases of pT3 CRC were examined.

Design

One hundred thirty-nine consecutive in-house surgical cases of pT3 CRC between 1993 and 2011 were examined. Thirty consecutive surgical cases of pT4a CRC resected during the same period were examined for comparison. Case selections were restricted to pT3 CRCs with the sections containing the deepest adenocarcinoma invasion partially or entirely covered with the peritoneum. Elastic staining was performed on one section containing the deepest tumor invasion partially or entirely covered with the peritoneum. The associations between the presence of PELI and clinicopathologic factors including prognosis of the patients were examined.

Results

Peritoneal elastic lamina invasion was identified in 23.0% (32 of 139) of the pT3 CRCs. PELI was associated with primary site (P = .006), lymph node metastasis (P < .001), lymphovascular invasion (P < .001), recurrence (P = .007), and patient's age (P = .002). The proportions of patients with a 4-year recurrence-free period in those with negative PELI, positive PELI, and pT4a tumor were 90.3%, 66.7%, and 28.9%, respectively (P < .001).

Conclusions

Elastic staining is useful to evaluate the serosal invasion of CRC. Positive PELI is a significant predictive factor for lymph node metastasis and recurrence-free survival in patients with pT3 CRC. This indicates that pT3 tumors with PELI should be treated like pT4a tumors.
Decline in Frozen Section Diagnosis for Axillary Sentinel Lymph Nodes as a Result of the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 Trial
Authors: Bishop Julie Anne , Sun Jihong , Ajkay Nicolas , Sanders Mary Ann G.
Published: December 2015

Context.—Results of the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 trial showed that patients with early-stage breast cancer and limited sentinel node metastasis treated with breast conservation and systemic therapy did not benefit from axillary lymph node dissection. Subsequently, most pathology departments have likely seen a decrease in frozen section diagnosis of sentinel lymph nodes.

Objective.—To determine the effect of the Z0011 trial on pathology practice and to examine the utility of intraoperative sentinel lymph node evaluation for this subset of patients.

Design.—Pathology reports from cases of primary breast cancer that met Z0011 clinical criteria and were initially treated with lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy from 2009 to 2015 were collected. Clinicopathologic data were recorded.

Results.—Sentinel lymph node biopsies sent for frozen section diagnosis occurred in 22 of 22 cases (100%) in 2009 and 15 of 22 cases (68%) in 2010 during the pre-Z0011 years, and in 3 of 151 cases (2%) collected in 2011 through 2015, considered to be post-Z0011 years. Of the 151 post-Z0011 cases, 28 (19%) had sentinel lymph nodes with metastasis, and 147 (97%) were spared axillary lymph node dissection.

Conclusions.—Following Z0011, intraoperative sentinel lymph node evaluation has significantly decreased at our institution. Prior to surgery, all patients had clinically node-negative disease. After sentinel lymph node evaluation, 97% (147 of 151) of the patients were spared axillary lymph node dissection. Therefore, routine frozen section diagnosis for sentinel lymph node biopsies can be avoided in these patients.
“A Really Nice Spot”: Evaluating Place, Space, and Technology in Academic Libraries
Authors: Khoo Michael J. , Rozaklis Lily , Hall Catherine , Kusunoki Diana
Published: December 2015

This article describes a qualitative mixed-method study of students’ perceptions of place and space in an academic library. The approach is informed by Scott Bennett’s model of library design, which posits a shift from a ‘book-centered’ to a technology supported ‘learning centered’ paradigm of library space. Two surveys gathered data on (a) students’ perceptions of places in an academic library, and (b) on occupancy rates in the same library. When triangulated, the results identified two distinct and contrasting models of place: a more traditional model based on individual study near stacks of books, and an emergent technologically-supported group study model. The results suggest that academic libraries should develop new metrics to measure library place and space in settings of technologically-supported group work.
The Impact of Faculty Status and Gender on Employee Well-being in Academic Libraries
Authors: Galbraith Quinn , Fry Leanna , Garrison Melissa
Published: December 2015

This study measures job satisfaction, personal fulfillment, work/life balance, and stress levels of male and female librarians. Researchers surveyed 719 librarians at ARL institutions that either offer faculty status and tenure or offer neither. Females at libraries offering faculty status indicated poor work/life balance and high levels of stress compared to male colleagues and female librarians without faculty status; however, their reported job satisfaction was similar. Possible implications of the results are discussed.
Residue proximity information and protein model discrimination using saturation-suppressor mutagenesis
Authors: Sahoo Anusmita , Khare Shruti , Devanarayanan Sivasankar , Jain Pankaj C. , Varadarajan Raghavan
Published: December 2015

Identification of residue-residue contacts from primary sequence can be used to guide protein structure prediction. Using Escherichia coli CcdB as the test case, we describe an experimental method termed saturation-suppressor mutagenesis to acquire residue contact information. In this methodology, for each of five inactive CcdB mutants, exhaustive screens for suppressors were performed. Proximal suppressors were accurately discriminated from distal suppressors based on their phenotypes when present as single mutants. Experimentally identified putative proximal pairs formed spatial constraints to recover >98% of native-like models of CcdB from a decoy dataset. Suppressor methodology was also applied to the integral membrane protein, diacylglycerol kinase A where the structures determined by X-ray crystallography and NMR were significantly different. Suppressor as well as sequence co-variation data clearly point to the X-ray structure being the functional one adopted in vivo. The methodology is applicable to any macromolecular system for which a convenient phenotypic assay exists.
And then there were two
Authors: Clark Lorraine F , Kodadek Thomas
Published: December 2015

A second enzyme that removes acetyl groups from lysine residues in E. coli been discovered and represents the founding member of a new enzyme family.
Getting food during the German occupation of Western Finnmark (1940–1944)
Authors: Bogomolov Yaroslav
Published: December 2015

In this article the author describes the food supply in the western part of Finnmark County. Despite the fact that the authorities tried to control the food supplies and secure equal access to food for all inhabitants, food distribution was never equal and civilians had to work hard and use their imagination in order to get some food to eat.
Ice shelf basal melt rates around Antarctica from simulations and observations
Authors: Schodlok M. P. , Menemenlis D. , Rignot E. J.
Published: December 2015

We introduce an explicit representation of Antarctic ice shelf cavities in the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II (ECCO2) ocean retrospective analysis; and compare resulting basal melt rates and patterns to independent estimates from satellite observations. Two simulations are carried out: the first is based on the original ECCO2 vertical discretization; the second has higher vertical resolution particularly at the depth range of ice shelf cavities. The original ECCO2 vertical discretization produces higher than observed melt rates and leads to a misrepresentation of Southern Ocean water mass properties and transports. In general, thicker levels at the base of the ice shelves lead to increased melting because of their larger heat capacity. This strengthens horizontal gradients and circulation within and outside the cavities and, in turn, warm water transports from the shelf break to the ice shelves. The simulation with more vertical levels produces basal melt rates (1735 ± 164 Gt/a) and patterns that are in better agreement with observations. Thinner levels in the sub‐ice‐shelf cavities improve the representation of a fresh/cold layer at the ice shelf base and of warm/salty water near the bottom, leading to a sharper pycnocline and reduced vertical mixing underneath the ice shelf. Improved water column properties lead to more accurate melt rates and patterns, especially for melt/freeze patterns under large cold‐water ice shelves. At the 18 km grid spacing of the ECCO2 model configuration, the smaller, warm‐water ice shelves cannot be properly represented, with higher than observed melt rates in both simulations.
Greenland freshwater pathways in the sub‐ArcticSeas from model experiments with passive tracers
Authors: Dukhovskoy Dmitry S. , Myers Paul G. , Platov Gennady , Timmermans Mary‐Louise , Curry Beth , Proshutinsky Andrey , Bamber Jonathan L. , Chassignet Eric , Hu Xianmin , Lee Craig M. , Somavilla Raquel
Published: December 2015

Accelerating since the early 1990s, the Greenland Ice Sheet mass loss exerts a significant impact on thermohaline processes in the sub‐Arctic seas. Surplus freshwater discharge from Greenland since the 1990s, comparable in volume to the amount of freshwater present during the Great Salinity Anomaly events, could spread and accumulate in the sub‐Arctic seas, influencing convective processes there. However, hydrographic observations in the Labrador Sea and the Nordic Seas, where the Greenland freshening signal might be expected to propagate, do not show a persistent freshening in the upper ocean during last two decades. This raises the question of where the surplus Greenland freshwater has propagated. In order to investigate the fate, pathways, and propagation rate of Greenland meltwater in the sub‐Arctic seas, several numerical experiments using a passive tracer to track the spreading of Greenland freshwater have been conducted as a part of the Forum for Arctic Ocean Modeling and Observational Synthesis effort. The models show that Greenland freshwater propagates and accumulates in the sub‐Arctic seas, although the models disagree on the amount of tracer propagation into the convective regions. Results highlight the differences in simulated physical mechanisms at play in different models and underscore the continued importance of intercomparison studies. It is estimated that surplus Greenland freshwater flux should have caused a salinity decrease by 0.06–0.08 in the sub‐Arctic seas in contradiction with the recently observed salinification (by 0.15–0.2) in the region. It is surmised that the increasing salinity of Atlantic Water has obscured the freshening signal.