bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tarihi yapıların deprem performansının belirlenmesi için basitleştirilmiş bir yöntem: Kaya Çelebi Cami örneği
Authors: ÇAKIR Ferit
Published: May 2021

Türkiye topraklarının büyük bir bölümünün aktif deprem kuşakları içinde olduğu ve tarih boyunca ülkemizde birçok yıkıcı depremin meydana geldiği bilinmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar, tarihi yapıların deprem performanslarının diğer yapılara nazaran daha iyi olduğunu gösterse de bazı depremlerde tarihi yapıların ciddi hasar gördüğü anlaşılmaktadır. Bunun en önemli örneklerinden biride 23 Ekim 2011 tarihinde meydana gelen 7,2 büyüklüğündeki Van depremi ve bu depremin artçılarının tarihi yapılar üzerinde bıraktığı ciddi hasarlardır. 2011 yılında yaşanan Van depremi ve sonrasında meydana gelen artçı depremler yüksek can ve mal kayıplarıyla birlikte birçok tarihi yapının da zarar görmesine neden olmuştur.

Bu çalışma kapsamında 2011 Van depreminin tarihi yapılar üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmış ve deprem sırasında ciddi hasarlar alarak bazı bölümleri hasar gören tarihi Kaya Çelebi Cami’nin sismik performansı incelenmiştir.
Temel bileşen analizi kullanılarak Doğu Akdeniz Havzası ani taşkın potansiyelinin morfometrik yaklaşımla değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BADUNA KOÇYİĞİT Müsteyde , AKAY Hüseyin , BABAİBAN Egemen
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada Doğu Akdeniz Havzası’nın ani taşkın potansiyeli morfometrik analiz yardımıyla incelenmiştir. Havza sekiz ana, toplamda 775 adet alt havzaya ayrılmış ve her alt havzaya ait on iki morfometrik parametre hesaplanmıştır. Temel bileşen analizi sonucunda alt havzaların ani taşkın potansiyeline göre sınıflandırılmasında drenaj yoğunluğu, Ro katsayısı ile dallanma, tekstür, uzunluk ve dairesellik oranlarının kullanılmasına karar verilmiştir. Alt havzalar ani taşkın potansiyelleri bakımından çok yüksek, yüksek, orta, düşük ve çok düşük olmak üzere beş kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Elde edilen kategoriler ile havzadaki kayıtlı taşkın olayları karşılaştırılmış, yaklaşımın güvenilirliği ve uygulanabilirliği test edilmiştir. Büyük drenaj alanına sahip ana alt havzalarda başarılı sonuçlar elde edilmiş, küçük drenaj alanına sahip alt havzalarda taşkınların genellikle düşük ani taşkın potansiyeline sahip alt havzalarda yaşandığı, yüksek risk kategorisinde bulunan alt havzalarda ise kayıtlara göre hiç taşkın meydana gelmediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçların temel bileşen analizinde Doğu Akdeniz Havzası’na ait 775 adet alt havzanın tümünün değerlendirilerek bileşenlerin belirlenmesi olduğu, analiz sonucunda küçük ve yapısal farklılıklara sahip alt havzalarda etkili parametrelerin tüm havza genelinde değerlendirildiğinde etkisini yitirmiş olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçların geliştirilebilmesi için morfometrik parametrelerin yanı sıra yağış akış ilişkisini doğrudan etkileyen bitki örtüsü, arazi kullanımı, havza jeolojisi ile havzadaki su kullanımı gibi faktörlerin de dikkate alınması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Old documents, shifting approaches: An analysis on the use of Sharia court records in modern Ottoman historiography
Authors: ÇELİK Faika
Published: May 2021

The main purpose of this study is to present a summary of new approaches developed by Ottoman historians concerning the Ottoman sharia court records (also known as sicils) since the 1990s. Both the well-received studies based on the sharia court records and the critical historiographical essays published on the limitations of these records demonstrate that the court records have been used up until now in the service of three main approaches. 1) The Structuralist Approach in which the vast amount of data the sicils contain is qualified in order to evaluate social and economic structures. In this phase, starting from the 1960s to the mid-1990s, the court records were primarily used to explore long-durée structural patterns in the society and economy and to write the holistic history of the various regions, provinces, and cities. 2) By the mid-1990s, however, the sicil-based historiography gradually took its “cultural turn” through considering and critically appropriating some of the questions and approaches developed within the poststructural readings. 3) By the turn of the twenty-first century, while the “cultural turn” is still in effect, some Ottoman historians started to read the court records “sociolegally.” The sociolegal readings of the court records are very much nurtured by cultural approaches and discursive analysis yet it has one marked difference: the use of quantitative analysis. In this work, these approaches are examined thoroughly by considering certain turning points and landmarks in the field and how they shaped contemporary Ottoman historiography.
Localised corrosion of super duplex stainless steel in synthetic NaOH-Na2S solution at different temperatures
Authors: Rondón-Almeyda Carlos Eduardo , Sierra-Serrano Lina María , Rincón-Ortiz Mauricio
Published: May 2021

The pitting corrosion resistance of the UNS S-32760 super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) in synthetic NaOH-Na2S solution at different working temperatures of 25, 50, and 70°C has been evaluated in the current investigation to assess the alloy behaviour under the caustic environments used in the pulp and paper industry. The temperature effect on pitting (Ep) and repassivation (Erp) potentials was studied with the Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarisation (CPP) technique according to the ASTM G61. Results demonstrated that pitting corrosion is prone to occur when increasing alloy temperature since both pitting and repassivation potentials lean towards more negative values while the repassivation zone is reduced. Furthermore, the morphology of the found pits was determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The pitting corrosion mechanism for the studied super duplex stainless steel under the exposed conditions was introduced. The thiosulphate ion is attributed to be responsible for the initiation of the localised corrosion.
Importancia de la nutrición en pacientes adultos mayores con infección por COVID-19
Authors: Velázquez Alva María del Consuelo , Cabrer Rosales María Fernanda , Irigoyen Camacho María Esther
Published: May 2021

La nutrición cumple un valioso papel ante la infección por el nuevo coronavirus 2019 (covid-19), tanto para la prevención como para el tratamiento, y en particular en los pacientes adultos mayores, debido a que tienen un alto riesgo de desarrollar desnutrición, la cual podría desencadenar diversas complicaciones relacionadas a la enfermedad, sobre todo durante el periodo de hospitalización o en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. El manejo nutricional, además del manejo farmacológico, debe ser implementado de manera adecuada y oportuna por el personal de salud. El objetivo de la presente revisión es brindar información sobre la intervención nutricional para el manejo de personas adultas mayores con infección de covid-19.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES OF SOCIAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH OF INCLUSIVE TOURISM IN UKRAINE
Authors: Bielousova Natalyа
Published: May 2021

Goal. Consider the theoretical and methodological features of the development and implementation of inclusive rehabilitation and social tourism in Ukraine, with an emphasis on scientific approaches and research methods of inclusive tourism within the framework of social geography.

Methodology. Analytical, statistical, graphic, systemic and comparative geographical methods were used.

Approbation. The main conceptual issues of the scientific and theoretical basis of research activities in the direction of inclusive tourism were investigated both by domestic students (L. Barmashina, N. Belousova, S. Derevyanko, O. Zayarnuk, L. Naumenko and others) and by foreign scientists (A. Bavelsky , A. Dyskin, S. Makhov, A. Sesolkin, E. Sigida, D. Chepik) and have been tested in the previous works of the author of this article.

Scientific novelty. Using the experience of foreign countries, where inclusive tourism has been widely developed and has a high efficiency of implementation, we propose priority steps for the development of inclusive social and rehabilitation tourism in Ukraine in the form of scientific approaches as components of the theoretical and methodological base of the study.

Practical significance. The article raises controversial issues related to the scientific and theoretical basis, in the form of scientific approaches to socio-geographical research of inclusive tourism in Ukraine. The main subjects of rehabilitation processes in the development of inclusive tourism are people with disabilities, as representatives of the most vulnerable inclusive category. The materials of the publication can be used in further scientific research on this topic, in the process of work of departments and specialized institutions that provide rehabilitation services for people with disabilities, and also relate to the tourism sector.
A wide range of pharmacological properties of melatonin
Authors: Arushanian Eduard B. , Naumov Stanislav S.
Published: May 2021

The pineal gland hormone melatonin has various pharmacological activity. In experimental work, he revealed anti-anxiety, antidepressant, neuroprotective, anti-pain and anti-inflammatory properties.
Comparative evaluation of the antistress effect of phenazepam, melatonin and their combination
Authors: Arushanian Eduard B. , Vladimirovna Olga , Beyer Eduard Vladimirovich
Published: May 2021

Phenazepam and melatonin reduce anxiety in stressed rats, and their anxiolytic effect is enhanced in combination. Melatonin also limits stress-induced increases in sympathetic activity and eliminates the dysregulatory effect of phenazepam on the main indicators of heart rate variability.
Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of melatonin in a model of experimental arthritis
Authors: Naumov Stanislav Sergeevich
Published: May 2021

The epiphyseal hormone melatonin (1 and 5 mg/kg) significantly limited locomotor and psychoemotional disorders, indicators of inflammation and immunological reactivity in rats with experimental adjuvant arthritis.
Evaluation of the activity of antihypoxants with an isothiourea structure in a model of hypercapnic hypoxia with a shutdown of the cerebral hemispheres
Authors: Marysheva Vera V. , Mikheev Vladimir V. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE: To study the effect of amtizol, 2-aminobenzthiazole (2-ABT) and 2-amino-4-acetylthiazolo[5,4-b]indole (BM-606) on the resistance of male outbred mice to acute hypoxia with hypercapnia under conditions of isolated functioning of one from the hemispheres, as well as both hemispheres of the brain.
METHODS: A model of acute hypoxia with hypercapnia (canned hypoxia) was used in mice of the same mass, the lifespan of all animals was determined. Temporary shutdown of the cortex of one of the hemispheres or both hemispheres was achieved by epidural application of filter paper moistened with 25% potassium chloride solution, creating a spreading depression according to Leao. Amtizol, 2-aminobenzthiazole (2-ABT) and 2-amino-4-acetylthiazolo[5,4-b]indole (BM-606) at equimolar doses of 25, 32.5, and 50 mg/kg, respectively were used as pharmacological analyzers, the compounds were injected intraperitoneally 30 min before the hypoxic episode.
RESULTS: It was shown that, in contrast to amtizol, 2-ABT and VM-606 increase the life time of experimental animals when any hemisphere is turned off. The use of drugs when both hemispheres were turned off revealed that amtizol has approximately equal effect on the brain and the rest of the body, in 2-ABT antihypoxic activity is 1/3 associated with the brain, in VM-606 exclusively with the brain.
CONCLUSION: The experimental model used in this work makes it possible to quite easily evaluate the effect of either one drug or compare several drugs, their role in the functioning of the cerebral hemispheres, on which part of the sample highly resistant or low resistant to hypoxia they have the greatest effect.
Effects of S-adenosyl methionine and essential phospholipids on serum biochemical parameters in simulated acute liver disease in late pregnancy
Authors: Petrosyan Mariya A. , Zhestkova Natalia V. , Tumasova Zhanna N. , Polyanskikh Lyudmila S. , Balashova Natalia N. , Baziian Elena V. , Kuz’minykh Tatiana U. , Razygraev Alexey V.
Published: May 2021

AIM: Liver diseases, developing in late pregnancy, remains a very important problem in obstetrics. In present study, the aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of monotherapy by essential phospholipids and by S-adenosyl methionine for simulated acute liver pathology during pregnancy using the biochemical parameters of blood serum.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Acute liver injury was simulated in rats from 15th to 18th day of pregnancy using tyloxapol (300 mg / kg daily). As drugs for monotherapy, Essentiale (Sanofi-Aventis, France) and Heptral (Abbott srl, Italy) were used separately and were administered to rats daily from the 16th to the 18th day of pregnancy (50 mg / kg and 35 mg / kg, respectively). On the 19th day of pregnancy, blood serum biochemical parameters were analyzed.
RESULTS: In the model, the concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol were sharply increased, which can be caused not only by the inhibitory effect of tyloxapol on the lipoprotein lipase of the lumen of blood vessels, but also by damage to liver cells with the accumulation of lipids in them. The activities of aminotransferases (ALT, AST), glutamate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were statistically significantly increased. In healthy pregnant rats, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased from 15th to 19th day of gestation, but under the treatment by tyloxapol in some cases the increase of ALP activity was observed. After using essential phospholipids in the model of acute liver injury, normal values of ALT and ALP activities were observed, and a significant decrease in triglycerides was revealed, which did not reach the normal values. After using S-adenosyl methionine in this model, the significant changes in blood serum parameters were not observed. By themselves, the drugs change several biochemical parameters in the serum of healthy pregnant rats. Heptral increases urea levels and Essentiale appears to increase AST activity.
CONCLUSION: The use of essential phospholipids or S-adenosyl methionine as monotherapy in a model of acute liver damage in late pregnancy has demonstrated their low efficiency. It is possible that the combined use of drugs is necessary to increase the effectiveness. The use of S-adenosyl methionine should be carried out under the control of the urea level and glutamate dehydrogenase activity in serum. While using essential phospholipids, it is advisable to control the AST activity.
Antistress action of Fornicium uniflorum extract in chronic stress
Authors: Gulyaev Sergey M. , Shantanova Larisa N.
Published: May 2021

The anti-stress effect of the Fornicium uniflorum extract was studied in Wistar rats in model of chronic unpredictable stress. Stress disorders in rats were determined using methods open field, plus elevated maze, forced swimming test, tail suspension model, sucrose test, as well as changes in the weight indicators of stress target organs. The course administration of F. uniflorum extract to rats under conditions of chronic stress prevented the development of behavioral disorders: the indicators of horizontal, vertical motor activities and mink reflex in the open field were, respectively, 1.5, 4 and 2.5 times higher than those of control rats (without treatment) (p 0.05); the time spent in the open arms of the plus elevated maze and the number of entries into them were respectively 3 and 8.5 times greater than the indices of control rats (p 0.05); the time of immobility of rats in the forced swimming test and the model of hanging by the tail were 2 and 3 times less than in the control; the volume of consumption of sucrose solution in the sucrose test by rats was 1.4 times higher than that of control rats (p 0.05), which indicated the antidepressant activity. In the rats treated with F. uniflorum, no changes in the relative mass of stress target organs were noted, in contrast to the control (p 0.05). Therefore, the course administration of F. uniflorum has an anti-stress and antidepressant effect in chronic unpredictable stress.
Observations on seismic waves reflected at the core boundary of the earth*
Authors: Martner Samuel T.
Published: May 2021

Waves reflected from the outer boundary of the core of the earth often record trace amplitudes that appear excessive. A comparison of the observed displacements of these phases and the direct body waves is presented. Observational data seem to confirm the idea that the displacement ratios of the longitudinal waves reflected at the core to the longitudinal direct waves is larger than the presently recognized theory indicates. A discussion is included of some possible causes for this difference, but reasonable changes in accepted assumptions fail to explain the entire discrepancy.
Direction of faulting in certain earthquakes of the North Pacific*
Authors: Hodgson J. H. , Milne W. G.
Published: May 2021

Byerly has shown that when stations are plotted in extended position the initial motion will be compressional in two lunes of the earth and rarefactional in two others, the direction of displacement being opposite in alternate segments. These lunes are formed by the intersection of the earth's surface with the fault plane and with a plane through the epicentre perpendicular to the motion direction. Certain geometrical consequences of the orthogonality of this second plane and the motion direction are here deduced. The extended theory is applied to four earthquakes, one in the Aleutians, one in central Alaska, one in the Queen Charlotte Islands, and one in Vancouver Island, the strike and dip of the fault and the direction of slipping being determined in each case. The seismic results are discussed in the light of other information available.
Juízes pragmáticos são necessariamente juízes ativistas?
Authors: Leal Fernando
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo discute a relação entre os conceitos muitas vezes distorcidos de pragmatismo jurídico, instrumentalismo e ativismo judicial, com o objetivo de apresentar e esclarecer algumas caricaturas geralmente a eles associadas. Após a apresentação de sentidos das expressões que podem gerar aproximações e distanciamentos entre elas, recorre-se à possibilidade de justificação pragmática de posturas de autocontenção judicial para sustentar a inexistência de associação necessária entre pragmatismo e ativismo judicial – ainda que possíveis relações entre ambos não possam ser ignoradas quando juízes se declaram pragmáticos.
Synthesis of nanostructured (Ti-Zr-Si)N coatings deposited on Ti6Al4V alloy
Authors: Cardenas-Flechas Leydi Julieta , Mejía-Villagran Claudia Patricia , Rincon-Joya Miryam , Olaya-Florez Jhon Jairo
Published: May 2021

d Zr targets. The synthesis of the coatings was carried out by varying the discharge power in the Ti5 well as a variation in the deposit temperature at room temperature 130° and 260°C. The coatings were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), evidencing the formation of the phase that belongs to the solid solution (Zr, Ti)N, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy and hardness and pin-on-disc tests. The thickness was measured through interferometry with values between 662 and 481nm for the deposited coatings. According to the failure mechanism in the scratch test, the best results were obtained with a power of 170W and 260°C with a cohesive failure Lc1 = 2.1N and an adhesive failure Lc2 = 4.7N.
Los smart-contracts y el arbitraje. Una introducción
Authors: Chipana Catalán Jhoel
Published: May 2021

El autor otorga una visión adecuada de smart contract. No obstante, no se detiene en definir este tipo contractual, pues advierte ciertas características que deberán tenerse en cuenta para afinar su funcionalidad, además de identificar las ventajas del arbitraje en la solución de controversias que nazcan en la ejecución de tales actos jurídicos, siempre que se logre un empalme adecuado con este sistema heterocompositivo.
Integration of Safety Knowledge into Three-Dimensional Model Design and Construction Plan from the Perspective of Project Executors in Petrochemical Industry
Authors: Wen I-Jyh , Liang Chien Wei
Published: May 2021

In petrochemical industry, the execution of construction involves three main issues, namely, design planning, construction, and job safety. Three-dimensional (3D) models are increasingly applied to design and construction. However, the improper concept of 3D design has bred potential unsatisfactory behaviors and the lack of vigilance among workers. Besides, many employees are not fully aware of the safety in 3D design and construction planning. Therefore, our goal is to improve the safety and health of construction workers through design practices in the upstream of the construction phase, and verify the applicability of the combination of 3D models and safety knowledge. Specifically, a questionnaire survey was carried out among 124 employees in the construction-related fields of the petrochemical industry. The collected data were processed, and statically analyzed on SPSS. The results show that safety knowledge was acceptable in 3D model design from the perspective of project executors, and the integration of safety knowledge into the design helps to improve the safety environment of the construction site.
Trends in Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Illness in Patients Seeking Treatment from a Tertiary Care Hospital of Central Kerala
Authors: Ramachandran Reshmi , Ramesh Jeena , Vasudevan Bindhu
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI / AFI) is one of the most common reasons for people seeking medical care globally. Investigation into the aetiology and trends in AUFI cases are valuable public health data source. Absence of such evidence-based data may result in unintended public health consequences. Present study was undertaken to address the gap in period specific trends in AUFI cases reported from the region. METHODS A record based descriptive study was done in patients treated with AUFI from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st , 2019 in Government Medical College, Ernakulam. Universal sampling technique was adopted, and the data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using Epi-Info software. Line diagram was constructed to obtain the trends in AUFI cases over the five-year period. Chisquare test was applied to find out the association between age group (paediatric and others) and causative agents of AUFI. RESULTS A total of 7998 AUFI cases were included in this study. Highest number of AUFI cases (1986) was reported in the year 2017. Under five age group was the most common, 1564 (19.6 %). Majority of the AUFI were reported among males, 4947 (61.9 %). Undetermined fever was found to be the most common AUFI, 2188 (27.4 %). Dengue fever, 1993 (24.9 %) was the most diagnosed AUFI. Viral aetiology was found to be the most common, 3895 (48.7 %) in both paediatric and other age groups. No statistically significant association was found between (P-value = 0.22) age group and organisms causing AUFI. There were 121 (1.5 %) deaths reported among the AUFI cases during the five-year period. It was seen that the case fatality due to AUFI was highest (2.41 %) in the year 2019. CONCLUSIONS A lack of consistent pattern in the aetiology of AUFI cases reported over the fiveyear study period, calls for persistent vigil by the public health surveillance system in the region, to identify any impending infectious disease outbreak at the earliest. As this study is based on hospital-based surveillance record it can underestimate the disease incidence. KEYWORDS Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Illness (AUFI), Trends, Dengue, Acute Febrile Illness
Особенности подготовки врачей по медицине катастроф
Authors: Меараго Ш.Л. , Кобышев С.В.
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the ways to improve the quality of training of doctors in disaster medicine. The increased interest of the audience to the problems of emergency medicine was noted. The experience in organizing practical classes at the department is presented.
EMPLOYEES’ ENGAGEMENT AND CUSTOMERS’ LOYALTY FOR UTILITARIAN SERVICES: A MODERATED MEDIATION MODEL
Authors: Afridi Sajjad Ahmad , Khan Wajid , Javed Asad , Waseem Muhammad , Saifullah Kaleem
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: The present study aimed to determine the impact of employee engagement on customers’ loyalty through customers’ engagement. Moreover, this study also aimed to examine the moderating role of customers’ trust and the mediating role of customers’ engagement on the relationship between employees’ engagement and customers’ loyalty.

Methodology: The data were collected from 220 insurance service users through a non-probability sampling technique. Data reliability and validity were confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis and hypotheses were tested through Andrew F. Hayes model 7.

Main Findings: Results show a significant direct effect of employee engagement on customers’ loyalty. Moreover, the findings confirmed the significant role of customers’ engagement as a mediator between employee engagement and customers’ loyalty. Results also confirmed customers’ trust moderating effect between employee engagement and customers’ engagement. Furthermore, the result confirmed the mediation of trust-based-customers engagement between the link of employee engagement and customers’ loyalty.

Applications of this study: This study would have some positive repercussions for utilitarian services such as insurance services providers. For instance, this study's findings revealed the process through which companies can make customers more loyal. Insurance companies through their employees' engagement and customer engagement can make a dyade that can better explain customers’ loyalty.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study explored the underlying mechanism that links employee engagement to customers’ loyalty. Moreover, this study introduces a new term “trust-based engagement” as an important attribute in enhancing customers’ loyalty in general and particularly for insurance companies.
DECIPHERING THE FAIRYTALE: DECONSTRUCTION OF ROMANCE THROUGH THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF IN PYGMALION
Authors: Jaffar Nosheen
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This study examines Eliza’s character in Bernard Shaw’s play Pygmalion and her construction of self through the deconstruction of romance in the play.

Methodology: This research is a qualitative study applying the content analysis method. A qualitative research design was adopted to investigate and look at various traits of the main character and her evolution to become an independent, thinking, and opinionated individual towards the end. The research data in this paper is drawn from two primary sources: literary books and articles.

Main Findings: The analysis of the text unravels the transformation of the character and her eventual emancipation from the shackles of the expected programmed behavior.

Applications: This paper can be used by literary scholars, and students.

Novelty/Originality: In the past, many researchers have contributed articles on the thematic analysis of Pygmalion, while this paper approached the play from both linguistic and thematic viewpoints and provided insights for other researchers in the field. The insights based on language analysis of Pygmalion presented in this paper can be a model for other researchers in the interdisciplinary fields of language and literature to apply similar approaches to analyze literary texts.
Um estudo comparativo entre o peso relativo e o peso para os métodos da soma dos pesos e o produto dos pesos no método AHP na seleção do melhor material para a adsorção de corantes de águas residuárias
Authors: Silva Josemar Pereira da , Caiado Kely Lopes
Published: May 2021

Nos últimos anos a adsorção utilizando materiais alternativos como plantas orgânicas e materiais residuais tem sido utilizada e tem recebido muita atenção dos pesquisadores sobre o assunto. Neste trabalho, estudamos o processo de adsorção usando serragem de angelim, casca de arroz e MDF. Este trabalho é uma tentativa de identificar o melhor material para a adsorção de água residuária de corante. Para tanto, o processo de hierarquia analítica foi utilizado para selecionar o melhor material para a adsorção e também foi considerada uma comparação entre peso relativo e o peso para os seguintes métodos: método da soma dos pesos e o produto dos pesos. O material de seleção neste estudo foi feito para efluente contendo corante em solução e quatro fatores, absortividade (ABS), concentração do corante adsorvido (NAS), turbidez (TUR), tempo de adsorção (TAS).
Mladina 2020: položaj mladih v Sloveniji
Authors:   Univerza v Mariboru, Filozofska fakulteta, Lavrič Miran , Deželan Tomaž ,   Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za družbene vede
Published: May 2021

Po desetih letih je pred nami ponovno raziskava o položaju mladih v slovenski družbi Mladina 2020. Ker gre za nacionalno raziskavo o mladi generaciji med 15–29 let, je njena informativna vrednost tako za naročnika raziskave (Urad RS za mladino) kot tudi za mladino in celotno družbo izjemnega pomena. Naš cilj je v prvi vrsti udejanjanje temeljnega namena raziskave, ki je, da bomo na Uradu v prihodnjem nekajletnem obdobju s pomočjo Mladine 2020 nudili podporo z dokazi podprtega oblikovanja javnih politik na področju mladine. Ob raziskavi so izvajalci pripravili tudi priporočila, ki lahko služijo kot izhodišče za oblikovanje ukrepov. Slednji pa naj bi mladim nudili boljše pogoje za prehod v odraslost, odraslim pa mirno zrelo dobo, zavedajoč se, da je mlada generacija opolnomočena in dobro pripravljena na spopad z vsemi življenjskimi okoliščinami. Pa je res? Kakšna je torej naša mladina na pragu 21. stoletja?
Humanistyka emancypacji, czyli przestrzenie życia i przestrzenie komunikacji między słowem a wirtualnością
Authors: Lachman Michał
Published: May 2021

Artykuł stanowi podsumowanie kilku sposobów rozumienia współczesnej humanistyki, której zasadniczą cechą pozostaje aspekt emancypacyjny oraz jej charakter relacyjny. Humanistyka postrzegana jest w tym kontekście nie tylko jako dyscyplina nauki zdominowana przez otwartość, ale przede wszystkim jako metodologia akceptująca własną nieostateczność. Ten element miękkiej strategii badawczej, w której ważnym aspektem refleksji pozostaje również doświadczenie osoby badającej, obecny jest w tych dziedzinach humanistyki, które łączą się z szeroko rozumianym obszarem kultury cyfrowej oraz wirtualnej rzeczywistości. Humanistyka badająca kulturę cyfrową zmuszona jest do redefinicji własnych narzędzi, a także do uznania innych podmiotów stanowiących źródło doświadczenia. Ten relacyjny charakter humanistyki, w którym ewoluuje ona ku wielości podmiotów i perspektyw badawczych stanowi zarówno wyzwanie, przed którym stają współcześni humaniści, jak i szansę dalszego rozwoju tej gałęzi nauki.
Humanistyka, zmiana, autobiografia. Studium przypadku osobistego
Authors: Iwasiów Inga
Published: May 2021

Artykuł dotyczy zmian w metodologiach humanistycznych. Wychodząc od etapu badań nad tożsamością grup, odwołuje się do tekstu Ewy Domańskiej i zastosowanych w nim metafor poszukiwania nowych tematów i obiektów jako nawigowania po morzu. Za istotne uznaje podejście autobiograficzne, akcentujące doświadczenie badacza. Przykładem takiego podejścia są interpretacje powieści Bolesława Prusa Lalka, weryfikowane w przebiegu życia. Najszerzej omówiony został przykład wpływu autorefleksji na teorię na podstawie książek Susan Faludi (Backlash, In the Darkroom).
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family (PAL): Genome wide characterization and transcriptional expression in jute (Corchorus olitorius)
Authors: Hosain M. S. , Ahmed R. , Ullah M. W. , Honi U. , Tareq M. Z. , Sarker M. S. A. , Ahmed B. , Islam M. S.
Published: May 2021

Jute is one of the important ligno-cellulose bast fiber crops next to cotton. High lignin content in jute fiber makes hindrances during spinning in the textile industry. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), encoded by multigene family, is the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway which involved in biosynthesis of different secondary metabolites including lignin. A total of 4 PAL genes were identified in jute (Corchorus. olitorius) genome which was being distributed in two chromosomes and clustered into three subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. Like PAL genes in other species, CoPALs had similar molecular properties and structure organizations. Expression analysis revealed that CoPAL1 and CoPAl2 were differentially expressed in various jute tissues. Among them, CoPAL1 was predominately expressed in stem tissues suggesting its involvement in lignin accumulation in fiber and can act as a potential target for reducing lignin in jute. Our study provides useful information for future functional characterization of PAL genes in jute.
Egg quality and production constraints in smallholder egg value chain of Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria
Authors: Ingweye J. Naligwu , Kalio G. Adokiye , Ologbose F. Imokhaide
Published: May 2021

The study evaluated the quality of eggs and constraints facing smallholder egg producers (≤10,000 layers) in Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria. Desk study, survey of 47 farmers, Focused Group Discussion with eight farmers and weighing of eggs were done at Obio-Akpor, Oyigbo and Etche Municipal Councils out of the eight in Greater Port Harcourt City. Farmers were administered pre-structured questionnaires. Open questions from a checklist were used for in-depth interviews with 22 stakeholders. Thirty eggs per grade were weighed using a digital scale. Numerical data were evaluated using the SPSS statistical package, while qualitative information was assessed using matrices and content analysis. Results indicate that most farmers (56%) sort and grade their eggs for better prices but time constraint discourages others from doing so. The size was the only egg grading criterion used. A five-grade system (jumbo, extra-large, large, small, and bullet) was used. The most important quality parameters were size (41%), shell colour (29%), cleanliness (28%) and weight (2%). Customers prefer brown-shelled (82%) eggs to white (15%). Significant constraints faced by farmers were input-based (high cost and low quality feed, drug breeds, veterinary services, lack of loans); management (staff misbehaviour) and infrastructure (bad roads and poor electricity supply) related. Other stakeholders face quality challenges (small size, dirty eggs, rotting of eggs, no uniformity, low or no grading, high returns rate), financing, egg handling and marketing challenges. Proffered solutions include better chain coordination, local sourcing of eggs, improved quality control, establishment of egg aggregation centres, and introduction of machine-based grading, grade-based pricing and reduction in local production costs. Others include formation of cooperatives and bulk input purchases, improved staff motivation and better quality control. Smallholders’ access to the egg market can be improved by producing brown-shelled eggs of large, extra-large and jumbo sizes.
Pilot Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Adult ICU Nurses Versus Neonatal ICU Nurses in the United States
Authors: Lurati Ann , Kim Steven
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this pilot descriptive survey was to evaluate occupation-related MSDs in nurses in the adult intensive care unit (ICU) compared to those in neonatal intensive care unit nurses (NICU). Background: Nursing research has focused on heavy patient handling however; there is a gap in the literature that examines musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among neonatal intensive care nurses Methods: The survey utilized Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. This survey was disseminated to members of Academy of Neonatal Nursing and the American Association of Critical Care Nurses. It was a convenience sample but with low response rate. The inclusion criteria consisted of critical care nurses working or have worked full time. Results: A total of 38 responders completed the survey. General demographics among groups were similar. Risk factors for MSDs in each group were similar with the exception of a history of depression which was more common among NICU nurses, (p = .0052). Knee problems seem more common among adult ICU nurses, (p = .0002). Ankle/foot problems seem more common among NICU nurses, (p = .0202). Sixty-three percent of adult ICU nurses reported that MSDs were definitely related to work versus, 47.4% of NICU nurses. Conclusion: Both groups of nurses experienced MSDs, with adults experiencing lower extremity MSDs and NICU nurses experiencing upper extremity MSDs. These pilot results need to be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. Depression, stress, and ethical dilemmas were more prevalent in the NICU nurses which may a contributing factor for MSDs Both groups expresses a need for additional staffing and a need for improving the quality of work/life issues.
Solución del problema de ruteo de vehículos con demandas estocásticas mediante la optimización por espiral
Authors: Gelves-Tello Natalia Alejandra , Mora-Moreno Ricardo Andrés , Lamos-Díaz Henry
Published: May 2021

El artículo presenta los resultados del estudio de un problema de ruteo de vehículos con demandas estocásticas (Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands, VRPSD), en el cual la única variable estocástica es la demanda de los clientes, esta variable sigue una distribución discreta, y su valor solo es conocido cuando el vehículo llega a la ubicación del cliente. Para su solución, se implementó la metaheurística denominada Optimización por Espiral, con el enfoque a priori y la estrategia de reabastecimiento preventivo para un solo vehículo. Para mejorar el método se inicializaron las rutas mediante la heurística del vecino más cercano, y posteriormente se utilizó la mutación, un operador evolutivo, para ampliar la zona de exploración de los puntos de búsqueda. Adicionalmente, se utilizó el intercambio 2-Opt, una heurística de búsqueda local, con el fin de intensificar la búsqueda en la vecindad de soluciones óptimas encontradas. Por otra parte, se realizó un diseño de experimentos 23, con el fin de determinar la influencia de cada factor en la función objetivo. Este análisis se llevó a cabo en 8 instancias diferentes que fueron diseñadas y desarrolladas por Galván et al. [1]. Finalmente, se compararon los resultados obtenidos con los arrojados por el algoritmo híbrido EPSO, con el objetivo de probar la eficiencia y eficacia del algoritmo desarrollado. Esta comparación evidenció que el método propuesto obtiene mejores resultados en todas las instancias, con mejoras de hasta el 5,71 %.
Optimización del mecanizado de agujeros profundos de pequeño diámetro por electroerosión usando la metodología Taguchi
Authors: Jiménez-Chavarro Guillermo , Vieira-Porto Arthur José , Hideaki-Tsunaki Roberto
Published: May 2021

Realizar agujeros profundos de pequeño diámetro en metales de alta dureza es una operación que está fuera del alcance del proceso de perforación con arranque de viruta, uno de los procesos más adecuados para ello es el mecanizado por electroerosión. Debido a las múltiples variables involucradas en electroerosión y a las restricciones impuestas por las dimensiones reducidas, es necesario determinar el nivel de ajuste preciso de cada una de las variables para realizar un mecanizado eficiente y de buena calidad. Usando un arreglo ortogonal L27 Taguchi, fue posible analizar el efecto de las variables eléctricas, de limpieza y del diámetro del electrodo sobre las características del mecanizado de perforaciones de pequeño diámetro en piezas de acero rápido DIN 1.3344. El análisis de los resultados experimentales y su conversión a señales de ruido permitieron optimizar la tasa de remoción de material, la velocidad de avance de perforación, el desgaste del electrodo y la rugosidad superficial.
Distribution and number of the Eagle Owl in the Republic of Kalmykia, Russia
Authors:   “Chernye Zemli” State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Abushin Anton A.
Published: May 2021

In this paper we make an estimation of the number of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) in the Republic of Kalmykia by means of using the suitable habitat model in QGIS using data acquired by the Earth remote sensing. The research was carried out in May – July 2020. The distribution of breeding pairs, reproductive success, and diet were studied. 36 eagle-owl’s home ranges are identified, 26 of them were occupied in 2020, and nests were found in 22 breeding territories. The density of breeding territory is 1.29 pairs per 100 km² or 17.5 pairs per 100 km of the linear biotopes on average. The brood size varied from 3 to 5 nestlings, average 3.36±0,67 nestlings per occupied nest and 2.9±1,22 nestlings per successful nest. The current number of the Kalmyk eagle owl population is estimated in a range of 242-293, 266 pairs on average, including 165 pairs (151–181) on the Ergeny hills and 23 pairs (21–25) in the Kuma Manych depression. The breeding grouping of Chernye Zemli is estimated at 70–87 pairs, 78 pairs on average. A decrease in the population level caused by the habitat loss started from the second half of the 20th century is estimated at 52 %.
Expectations toward family policy in the context of procreation decisions and plans of the inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship
Authors: Zygmunt Agata
Published: May 2021

The aim of the article is to present the results of the survey of the opinions of the inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship on various family policy instruments, which are intended to support fertility and parenthood. The presented results were obtained as part of the project “Determinants of reproduction plans and fertility decision-making of the inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship”, implemented in 2016 via a sample of 1,000 people aged 18-39. Opinions of people at the appropriate age for procreation regarding support provided to families are important, because they are at the stage of family planning and implementation of parental plans. It can be assumed that the conviction of these people about the effectiveness of family policy instruments will influence their decisions regarding having children.
Plain language as a tool used in the adaptation of texts for the purpose of teaching Polish as a foreign language — research overview
Authors: Matyjaszczyk-Łoboda Olga
Published: May 2021

The aim of the article is to collect and present studies into text comprehensibility conducted so far. The author examines studies dealing with plain language, Polish language teaching and pedagogy. The article opens with an overview of the history of research into text difficulty in the world featuring various concepts of automatic measurement of text difficulty level. Next the author presents studies devoted to comprehensibility of utterances in Poland, as well as studies concerning text difficulty with regard to language teaching. This is followed by a discussion of the principles of the text simplification principle according to the Wrocław plain language model and in the teaching of Polish.The article closes with a short overview of publications containing simplified authentic texts used in the teaching of Polish as a foreign language.
Selected problems associated with the introduction of plain language
Authors: Hebal-Jezierska Milena
Published: May 2021

The article deals with problems associated with the introduction of plain language into official correspondence. The conclusions presented have been drawn from the training of about 800 officials working in ministries, regional government and other institutions financed from the state budget. The author discusses selected factors hindering effective implementation of plain Polish. These are: the lack of sanctioning of plain language by law, ambiguity, connotations as well as the relative meaning of the phrase plain language/plain Polish, officials’ habits and beliefs.
Research on the readability of the chosen General Insurance Terms and Conditions on the Polish market
Authors: Barczuk-Grędzińska Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

Readability and the study of complexity of functional texts are of interest to many contemporary researchers. Nowadays, in the age of miniaturization, simplification of our everyday life components, portability, and domination of short text forms in the mass media, we can observe a decrease in interest in reading larger texts or those containing specialized, difficult to understand vocabulary. This is how consumer contracts (including insurance contracts) are perceived. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to examine and evaluate the readability of the General Insurance Terms and Conditions (hereinafter referred as: Insurance GTC) — an integral part of the insurance contract. In order to determine whether the language of the Insurance GTC is easy to understand, precise and clear for consumers, a quantitative and qualitative analysis was carried out using readability formulas, in particular FOG-PL — fully adapted to the specificity of the Polish language. The Insurance GTC corpus from four different insurance groups was examined, and its level of language “fogginess” was compared with other utility texts.
The factor of social cultural resources of Moscow within the methodological system of preparing students at Language University for intercultural foreign language communication
Authors:   Moscow City Pedagogical University, Goncharova V.A. , Alpatov V.V.
Published: May 2021

resented is the authors’ elaboration of the articles, enhanced their previously stated idea about the need to integrate the socio-cultural resources of the Moscow metropolis into the system of preparing students for intercultural foreign language communication. To design an educational environment within the framework of the intercultural approach to TEFL a systematic typology of the socio-cultural resources of Moscow is suggested based on the three levels of understanding of Moscow: as an urban space, as a center of regional and national culture, as a global capital. Based on the typology, the fundamental components of the methodological system of intercultural foreign language education of students of a language university are generalized, taking into account the use of such resources. Hence the authors share the objective of TEFL within the intercultural approach as the triple unity, i.e. to understand the essence of educational communication as a unique, but acceptable array of existential trajectories, to build one’s own trajectory (as a result of study of the city as an environment of interaction of individual routes), to compare it with other possible trajectories (the study of the city from the standpoint of its regional and national specifics), and to implement this trajectory in a true life communicative situation (interaction with the city from the standpoint of its intercultural manifestation). The components of the content of training at its cognitive (knowledge and understanding), operational-activity (skills) and axiological (attitudes, willingness and values) levels, as well as the specific principles of such training are specified. As a result, the deficits and current problems of studying such integration are summarized.