bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zooarchaeology in Lithuania
Authors: Piličiauskienė Giedrė , Micelicaitė Viktorija
Published: March 2021

In recent years Lithuanian archaeologists have become greatly more aware of and interested in the information provided by faunal remains. Its potential has begun to draw the attention of researchers from nature sciences, while the archaeologists working in the field collect faunal remains uncovered during excavations and hand them over for storage increasingly more often. These faunal remains continue to be stored in the repository at Vilnius University. The project carried out in 2018–2020 with the funds provided by the Research Council of Lithuania gave an opportunity to record and make public the information about the zooarchaeological finds stored in the repository of Vilnius University, which are accessible for researchers and students from various scientific fields. The aims of this article are to present the Lithuanian collection of faunal remains kept at Vilnius University, to review the history of zooarchaeological research as well as the studies carried out in the last few years and to discuss the associated problems that continue to emerge.
A new class of anisotropic charged compact star
Authors: BS Ratanpal , P Bhar
Published: March 2021

A new model of charged compact star is reported by solving the Einstein-Maxwell field equations by choosing a suitable form of radial pressure. The model parameters ρ,pr,p⊥ and E2 are in closed form and all are well behaved inside the stellar interior. A comparative study of charged and uncharged model is done with the help of graphical analysis.
New Burials of the Pre-Scythian Time From the North-Eastern Azov Area
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Department of Historical Disciplines, PhD, Associate Professor, Zabavin Viacheslav , Nebrat Serhii ,   Mariupol State University, Deputy Chief of the Archaeological Expedition, Master of Science in History
Published: March 2021

In the article there are presented excavation materials from the Mariupol archaeological expedition and the results of new research of the archaeological expedition conducted by the Mariupol State University in the North-Eastern Azov area and in Donets Ridge refilling a comparatively small series of burials of the pre-Scythian time in the basin of the Azov Sea rivers. As far as the set of features, all the burial sites presented by the authors are dated by the early Iron Age and precede the sites of the Scythian time. The burials discovered near Kalynivka and Starolaspa villages are interpreted by the authors as Cimmerian sites of Novocherkassk type or as burials of the late stage of Chernogorivka culture. The burials from Vysoke and Yalta are determined as complexes of Chernogorivka type / Chernogorivka group of Cimmerian culture or as late Chernogorivka complexes. The authors consider peculiarities of the rite and inventory complex as well as some aspects of cultural and chronological character, spiritual and material culture of the tribes which, in the researchers’ view, are conflated with the historical Cimmerians. Analysis of the materials has made it possible for the authors to approach the problem of social reconstructions and to assume that the individuals buried in the mounds near Starolaspa and Kalynivka villages were unlikely to enjoy some kind of special authority among other tribesmen or to have some appreciable privileges in the society when they were alive. However, the burials in the mounds placed near Yalta and Vysoke villages demonstrate certain features of ingenuity. The man buried in the barrow near Yalta village was most likely to have something to do with the religious or the hieratic sphere of life.
Early Scythian Barrow With Cremation on the Western Podillia
Authors:   Kamianets-Podilskyi National University, Associate Professor, Hutsal Anatoliy , Hutsal Vitaliy ,   Kamianets-Podilskyi National University, Head of the Archaeological Laboratory, PhD, Mogylov Oleksandr ,   National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Archaeology, PhD, Senior Researcher
Published: March 2021

In the early Scythian time, the Western Podillia group of monuments was distinguished on the territory of the Middle Dniester. A large cluster of complexes stands out in the middle course of the Zbruch River, the left tributary of the Dniester. Barrow groups, in particular, were excavated near Spasivka and Ivankivtsi villages, Horodok district, Khmelnytskyi Region. Barrow No. 5, explored in 2010, was completely plowed up and was distinguished on the surface only by the stone outcropping of which its barrow mound was made. The dimensions of this oval mound are 3,67 × 3,50 m. The largest slabs were located along the perimeter, forming an outer ring. From the south-east it was adjoined with a small display of cobblestones measuring 1,77 × 0,84 m, which was the place of a destroyed side burial. The burial pit, discovered under a layer of stone, was 2,7 m long, 2,37 m wide, 0,6 m deep. In ancient times, it probably had a wooden overlapping. The burial turned out to be robbed, but many things survived. The remains of a burial-cremation carried out on the side were found here. The burnt bones laid in a heap of 0,25 m in diameter. The burial was accompanied by glass beads, bronze earrings, and a handmade ladle. In addition, parts of a pot, a bowl, ladles, and a small cup were found in the layer of barrow stones. The burial rite of the barrow, in particular the presence of a stone barrow mound, a large central and additional side tombs, a type of grave have analogies in the burial monuments of the Western Podillia group. In these antiquities, the rite of burning the dead is also known, which exists along with the custom of inhumations. According to the inventory, the mound can be attributed to the Early Scythian time, and is dated by the Kelermes stage (mid-VII — first half of the VI c. BC). Judging by the cremation rite, a local aboriginal forest-steppe inhabitant was buried here. The modest sizes of the mound make it possible to see in him a simple community member of one of the surrounding settlements.
Architectural Terracotta From Olbia According to Excavations of the 1920-ies
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Archaeology, Dr. Sc., Deputy Director, Buiskykh Alla , Harkusha Nataliia ,   Mykolaiv Regional Local History Museum, Senior Researcher of the scientific-exposition department, Chepkasova Maryna ,   Mykolaiv Regional Local History Museum, Senior Researcher of the Funds department
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the introduction into scientific circulation of a collection of terracotta architectural details from the excavations of the Upper City of Olbia in the second half of the 1920-ies. Archaeological research was conducted by the Scientific Council of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences according to the plan proposed by B. V. Farmakovskyi after the resumption of excavations in Olbia in 1924. Two of the details, fragments of polychrome simas of the Late Archaic period, most likely were related to the cult monumental structures of the Western Temenos and were found in the layer of its destruction. The remaining details were found during excavations of residential houses in the central (excavation sites A, H, D) and north-eastern part of the city (excavation site I). These are fragments of eaves tiles, the facades of which are decorated with embossed ornaments of two variants — Ionian cyma with pearls and meander, in the metopes of which are placed letters or four- and eight-petalled palmettes. The tile category includes a pentagonal antefix with a relief image of an Athena mask in a helmet and half lotus flowers on the sides. Fragments of gutters (simas) — a facade with a Satire mask and a water-supply decorated in the shape of a lion’s head with an open mouth were also found. Ceramic architectural details, which served as decoration and were an integral part of the roof of residential buildings, became widespread in Olbia in the second half of the IV—III c. BC. Such details are also known in almost all ancient centers of the Western Black Sea coast. Modern ceramic studies of similar architectural terracotta from Messambria and Apollonia Pontica have determined its local production. The obtained data allowed correcting not only the information on handicraft production in Olbia, as such a tile is traditionally, after the opinion of I. B. Brashynskyi, belonged to the local ceramic production, but also to offer a new direction of the Black Sea trade in ceramic building materials. Another important area for Olbia was the tiles import from Sinop.
Evaluasi Usability User Interface dan User Experience Aplikasi SAKERNAS PANEL 2018 Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Ayuningtias Ashifa , Huda Muhammad Qomarul
Published: March 2021

Badan Pusat Statistik merupakan lembaga non kementrian dimana lembaga ini bertanggung jawab langsung kepada presiden. Sebelumnya, BPS merupakan Biro Pusat Statistik, yang dibentuk berdasarkan UU Nomor 6 Tahun 1960 tentang Sensus dan UU Nomer 7 Tahun 1960 tentang Statistik. Setiap sistem harus memiliki kualitas yang baik agar mudah digunakan oleh pengguna. Untuk menguji kualitas sistem tersebut maka dilakukan evaluasi sistem dengan menggunakan metode pengujian usability dengan mengobservasi pengguna dengan metode observasi, dilanjutkan dengan metode dan kuesioner Nielsen’s Attributtes Of Usability (NAU). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan metode observasi Aplikasi SAKERNAS berada pada tingkat ke-3 dari 5 skala atau Cukup, lalu dengan kuesioner NAU dapat disimpulkan  bahwa Aplikasi SAKERNAS Badan Pusat Statistik CUKUP dalam memenuhi kelima kategori usability menurut Nielsen Model.
Usulan Keamanan Sistem Informasi pada Penyelenggara Financial Technology (Fintech) Menggunakan Cobit 5 (Studi Kasus: Gandengtangan.org)
Authors: Nurkholis Oki , Fitroh Fitroh Fitroh , Rustamaji Eri
Published: March 2021

Gandengtangan.org adalah salah satu perusahaan startup di bidang financial technology (fintech) yang ada di Indonesia. Gandengtangan.org menyediakan layanan pengumpulan pinjaman (crowdlending) untuk para pelaku usaha sosial atau UMKM yang ada di Indonesia. Beberapa masalah yang muncul pada penelitian ini di antaranya: (1) kerentanan penggunaan internet terutama sektor finansial yang menjadi target serangan nomor 2 terbanyak. (2) Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) juga mewajibkan untuk setiap penyelenggara fintech di Indonesia agar dapat memenuhi standardisasi mengenai keamanan informasi pada perusahaannya. (3) Belum pernah dilakukaannya evaluasi terhadap keamanan sistem informasi di Gandengtangan. (4) Terjadinya 4 kasus keamanan informasi: satu kasus terkait phising, dua kasus tentang integrasi data, dan satu kasus terkait ssl (secure socket layer). Hal ini menunjukan keamanan informasi menjadi hal yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian penting pada Gandengtangan.org. Metode penilaian yang digunakan adalah perpaduan antara Process Assessment Model (PAM) dengan COBIT 5 Life cycle. Dipilih 5 domain yang berhubungan dengan keamanan pada COBIT 5 yakni, EDM03 (Ensure Risk Optimisation), APO12 (Manage Risk), APO13 (Manage Security), BAI06 (Manage Changes), dan  DSS05 (Manage Security Services). Penelitian ini menghasilkan usulan keamanan informasi yang menjadi panduan Gandengtangan.org untuk mengantisipasi kerentanan keamanan pada bisnisnya dan untuk memenuhi persyaratan dari OJK.
Customary Law Before Religion and State Laws Regarding Marriage In Manggarai, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Lon Yohanes S , Widyawati Fransiska
Published: March 2021

This article explores the position of customary law before state law and Catholic religious law regarding marriage in Mangggarai, Flores, Indonesia. This study applied a critical analytic approach. This study found that the legal position of Manggarai adat concerning marriage is weaker and tends to be marginalized. It happened because state law explicitly Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage merely accepting the legality of marriage based on religious law and not customary law. Meanwhile, religious law, in this case, Catholicism, does not provide space for customary law in matters of marital legality. As a result, many married couples who have been bound their marriage according to customary law experienced injustice as their marriage was considered illegitimate according to religious and state law. However, this research found many positive contributions of customary law to the process, legality, and integrity of marriage. Therefore, this study recommends that the Indonesian Marriage Law and Catholic Religious Law need to accommodate customary law in marriage, taking into account human rights and justice principles. Both laws need to be revised so that they can place local customary law in an equal position.
The response of soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial respiration to different land use types: A case of areas in Central-North Hungary region
Authors: Weldmichael Tsedekech Gebremeskel , Michéli Erika , Simon Barbara
Published: March 2021

Land use change may modify key soil attributes, influencing the capacity of soil to maintain ecological functions. Understanding the effects of land use types (LUTs) on soil properties is, therefore, crucial for the sustainable utilization of soil resources. This study aims to investigate the impact of LUT on primary soil properties. Composite soil samples from eight sampling points per LUT (forest, grassland, and arable land) were taken from the top 25 cm of the soil in October 2019. The following soil physicochemical parameters were investigated according to standard protocols: soil organic matter (SOM), pH, soil moisture, NH4+–N, NO3––N, AL-K2O, AL-P2O5, CaCO3, E4/E6, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), and exchangeable bases (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+). Furthermore, soil microbial respiration (SMR) was determined based on basal respiration method. The results indicated that most of the investigated soil properties showed significant difference across LUTs, among which NO3––N, total N, and K2O were profoundly affected by LUT (p ≤ 0.001). On the other hand, CEC, soil moisture, and Na+ did not greatly change among the LUTs (p ≥ 0.05). Arable soils showed the lowest SOM content and available nitrogen but the highest content of P2O5 and CaCO3. SMR was considerably higher in grassland compared to arable land and forest, respectively. The study found a positive correlation between soil moisture (r = 0.67; p < 0.01), Mg2+ (r = 0.61; p < 0.01), and K2O (r = 0.58; p < 0.05) with SMR. Overall, the study highlighted that agricultural practices in the study area induced SOM and available nitrogen reduction. Grassland soils were more favorable for microbial activity.
A Tolnay–Panofsky-affér, avagy hűség az ifjúsághoz: A bécsi iskola, Max Dvořák és A Vasárnapi Kör
Authors: Markója Csilla , Balázs Kata
Published: March 2021

The conflict between Charles de Tolnay and Erwin Panofsky that grew unprecedentedly acrimonious in the history of the discipline – the so-called Tolnay–Panofsky affair – was more than mere personal bickering. The documents clearly reveal that the “affair”, which basically affected financial and professional positions, was based on embarrassingly ordinary, occasionally petty-minded questions instead of scientific arguments, and led to a break of relationship probably in spring 1943, also directs the attention to the science political consequences of the hierarchic establishment of American science financing and academia in general in the interwar years and the 1940s, and to differences between European and American scholarship. It can be gleaned that Tolnay’s efforts to be allotted raised stipends (often by a great degree, as the documents unanimously testify) and a confirmed position led to the deterioration of his relationship with the Princeton IAS leaders and community – in spite of the fact that the former leader of the Institute Flexner took Tolnay’s side, at times with threats to Panofsky and Oppenheimer and accusing Panofsky of professional jealousy. Though Tolnay received raised scholarship up to 4000 dollars for three years, the institute decided to part with Tolnay in 1948. In the background of the affair, however, one may discover conflicts based on the diverging views on art history by Panofsky and Tolnay rooted far deeper, in the elementary influences of the Vienna School of Art History and Max Dvořák on the one hand, and of the Sunday Circle and György Lukács, on the other. The art philosophical aspects and methodological consequences of these dissenting concepts of art history may bear significance for the practitioners of the discipline today as well.
Adatok II. Lajos magyar király páncélos ábrázolásaihoz
Authors: Papp Júlia
Published: March 2021

Most of the posthumous portraits of Louis II, who died in the battle of Mohács in 1526, show him in armour. In some pictures he is wearing fictitious armour, but in other portraits he is clad in the armour which until 1939 was believed to had once been his, but actually had been made in 1533 for the Polish king Sigismund II Augustus and is currently kept in the Hungarian National Museum. The author of the study has examined the latter group of artworks. She describes the armours of Louis II, some only mentioned in archival sources or historical works. Some items that can certainly or presumably be attributed to him are kept in museums abroad. The first paintings in which Louis II is wearing the gilded ornamental armour were painted by István Dorffmeister in the mid-1780s. Since at that time the armour was on display in one of the gala rooms fitted out in Vienna’s Kaiserliches Zeughaus in the 1760s, the study discusses the history of the imperial armour and weapon collections and the conception of the arms exhibition in the Zeughaus at that time. After the demolition of the Zeughaus in 1856, the armour was transferred, together with the rest of the imperial collection of armours and weapons, to the war museum wing of the newly built Arsenal. The armour was presented by the Austrian catalogues of the museum as belonging to Louis II, and some items had illustrations added to them. The armour was introduced in Pest in 1876 at a historical exhibition for charitable purposes, and later in 1896 at the Millennial Exhibition. The Hungarian press also devoted articles to it, and several scholarly papers were written about the armour.

The prototypes for some of the 19th century artworks depicting Louis II in the Viennese armour – most of them local monuments preserving the memory of the battle – were István Dorffmeister’s paintings. His battle scene showing the death of Louis II appears in a sketch of an unrealized monument, dated 1846; in the picture painted on metal that adorned the monument in Mohács in the 1860s and on the bronze relief replacing it in the late 1890s. The antecedents to another group of representations must have been the 19th century Austrian and Hungarian descriptions and illustrations of the armour attributed to Louis II. The ruler wears this armour in several book illustrations and on the statue by Ferenc Vasadi on the Danubian facade of the Hungarian Parliament building.

Although these artworks presenting Louis II in Sigismund II Augustus’ armour do not satisfy the iconographic criteria of historical authenticity, they were up-to-date for their time, for instead of depicting the fictitious, often waywardly fantastic armours of earlier centuries, they presented the portrayed person in an existing armour made in his own era, that is, with a historically authentic appearance.
Lechner Ödön rajzai a szegedi városházához
Authors: Váraljai Anna
Published: March 2021

The paper is about the set of drawings and documents by Ödön Lechner and Gyula Pártos for the Town-hall of Szeged dated to 1881–1883 (Hungarian National Archives, Csongrád-Csanád County Archives, Szeged [MNL CSML], Collection of Building Plans and Documents of the Municipality of Szeged, marked Lecher Ödön, Pártos Gyula: A Szegedi Városházhoz készített tervek, rajzok és iratok, [Plans, drawings and documents for the Szeged Town-hall], XV.2b. 45. d.-49.d). The elaborated theme includes ground-plans, rosette, baluster and skylight plans, detail plans of staircase and main cornice, plan of the roof of the main staircase, 37 drawings of ornamental sculpture, window pillars, window frames and rail chains, painter’s stencils signed by Ödön Lechner, two façade versions, tower detail, details of the main portal, drawings of the vault around the clock, of the ornaments of room doors and cornice elements. The building logbooks, list of submissions to the competition with code-names and the contracts signed with the building contractors are also valuable sources.

In addition to eighty drawings of diverse sizes and techniques, the collection includes the construction documents, accounts, correspondence, building logbooks, planning competition calls, and a colour plan for the tiling of the Szeged Town-hall now in the Architectural Collection of the Kiscelli Museum of the Budapest History Museum (inv.no. 117). I evaluate the drawings both within the conception of an architectural work and also as separate graphic sheets, and try to describe their background in terms of the history of architecture, art and ideas.

I am led to conclude that the Szeged Town-hall was the first project to manifest Lechner’s ambition to lay the groundworks of a national architecture based on the more abstracted and universal basic forms of folk art but keeping abreast of European tendencies. The drawings are invaluable in that they add more information to the chronology of Lechner’s artistic career and lend stress to the fact that folklore and local history researches, the intellectual approach, the synthesis of local and international achievements, a thorough knowledge of the history of ceramics, the redefinition of traditions played at least as important roles in creating the concept of a building as individual intention and creative imagination.

The paper was supported by the Ernő Kállai Art Historical Research Grant.
Syncope mint a SARS-CoV-2-fertőzés egyedüli tünete
Authors: Arabadzisz Hrisula , Tako Katalin , Tomcsányi János
Published: March 2021

Összefoglaló. Egy 61 éves, SARS-CoV-2-fertőzött, traumás syncopés
nőbeteg rosszullétének hátterében orthostaticus hypotonia igazolódott. A
vírusfertőzés megszűnése után az orthostaticus hypotonia megszűnt, de a
posturalis tachycardia fennmaradt. A syncopénak egyéb okát kimutatni nem tudtuk.
A SARS-CoV-2-fertőzésnek egyéb tünete, illetve szervi manifesztációja nem volt.
Tudomásunk szerint ez az első eset, amelyben a SARS-CoV-2-infekció egyedüli
tünete a syncope. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(7): 243–245.

Summary. Orthostatic hypotension was demonstrated in the background
of malaise in a 61-year-old SARS-CoV-2 infected female traumatic syncope. After
cessation of the virus infection, orthostatic hypotension resolved, but postural
tachycardia persisted. No other cause of syncope could be detected. There were
no other symptoms or organ manifestations of SARS-CoC-2 infection. To our
knowledge, this is the first case where the only symptom of SARS-CoV-2 virus
infection is syncope. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(7): 243–245.
Perlawanan terhadap Marginalisasi Perempuan dalam Islam: Analisis Wacana Kritis pada Laman mubadalah.id
Authors: Amarilisya Aliftya
Published: March 2021

The growing phenomenon of “hijrah” recently has been used by many groups to campaign for various religious issues. However, the campaign contents are often discriminatory through flouring the logic of gender as natural. This study analyses the discourse of contemporary Muslim women's resistance to the marginalisation and domestication on mubadalah.id site. Using a qualitative research method with a media text analysis approach, namely Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis, the results of this study indicate that mubadalah.id represents the marginalization of women as a discourse that is contrary to gender equity in Islam. This online media also provides a counter discourse, that men are also responsible for domestic work.
Neuropathogenesis caused by Trypanosoma brucei, still an enigma to be unveiled
Authors: Figarella Katherine
Published: March 2021

Trypanosoma brucei is one of the protozoa parasites that can enter the brain and cause injury associated with toxic effects of parasite-derived molecules or with immune responses against infection. Other protozoa parasites with brain tropism include Toxoplasma, Plasmodium, Amoeba, and, eventually, other Trypano-somatids such as T. cruzi and Leishmania. Together, these parasites affect billions of people worldwide and are responsible for more than 500.000 deaths annually. Factors determining brain tropism, mechanisms of in-vasion as well as processes ongoing inside the brain are not well understood. But, they depend on the par-asite involved. The pathogenesis caused by T. brucei initiates locally in the area of parasite inoculation, soon trypanosomes rich the blood, and the disease enters in the so-called early stage. The pathomecha-nisms in this phase have been described, even mole-cules used to combat the disease are effective during this period. Later, the disease evolves towards a late-stage, characterized by the presence of parasites in the central nervous system (CNS), the so-called meningo-encephalitic stage. This phase of the disease has not been sufficiently examined and remains a matter of investigation. Here, I stress the importance of delve into the study of the neuropathogenesis caused by T. brucei, which will enable the identification of path-ways that may be targeted to overcome parasites that reached the CNS. Finally, I highlight the impact that the application of tools developed in the last years in the field of neuroscience will have on the study of neglect-ed tropical diseases.
La anunciadora azul de la muerte. De las creencias populares de los Andes Centrales
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Mąka Mirosław , Jodłowska Elżbieta ,   Uniwersytet Jagielloński
Published: March 2021

This essay is a monographic draftattempt concerning one of the most widely known omens of disease and death throughout the native Andean cultures. Among many signs, interpreted as approaching death, the figure of bluebottle fly called in Quechan chiririnka has a key position, which extends from pre-Co- lombian times, and its popularity exceeds other similar signs of similar mea- ning. Up to this date, it retains its significance in funerary beliefs and functions in various forms of folklore, especially in songs. At the same time, it is also commonly thought to be an incarnation of human soul, what finds resemblance in folk beliefs and tales of mythic characteristics, including tropes found in in- digenous eschatology. This essay relies on ethnographic sources, and very im- portant contributions to this topic, which can be found in books and essays of José María Arguedas.
La muerte simbólica. El cuadro con la representación de Silencio y Monja crucifi cada del Beaterio del Carmen de San Blas en Cusco
Authors:   Universidad de Łódź, Kubiak Ewa , Huacso Juan Gómez ,   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
Published: March 2021

The article presents a painting which has never been reproduced or publicly displayed before. The work comes from the Beaterium of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in St. Blaise Parish in Cusco. It is a two-sided representation. The ob- verse side contains a figure of a nun in a Carmelite habit, who puts his hand to his mouth and orders silence, which is communicated not only by the gestu- re, but also by the inscription accompanying the representation. On the rever- se side we can see an image of a crucified nun. The painting used to function as a door leading to the novitiate, which could be established based on the archi- val photo. The article describes iconography of the work, as well as the sources for most of the inscriptions that accompany the images. The painting is presen- ted in a broader historical and cultural context of Cusco Beaterium functioning.
Piedad y suntuosidad: los ornamentos litúrgicos de tres colecciones limeñas
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Perú, Cánovas Emma Patricia Victorio
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to contribute to the knowledge of liturgical ornaments in general, as well as to bring readers closer to understanding of the importance of the collections of the Cathedral Basilica of Lima, the San Francisco Convent and the Nazarenas Carmelitas Descalzas Monastery. These works not only present contents and particularities based on their symbolic character promoted by the Church, but also integrate plastic values of local origin.
Los ritos, los curanderos y la ley
Authors:   Investigadora independiente, Krysińska-Kałużna Magdalena
Published: March 2021

The ontological difference on which positive law and indigenous customary law in Latin America are based is one of the most important problems in the field of legal conflict between both systems. The ontological difference of the indigenous world is visible, among others, in the ways of passing and executing sentences. Punishment is often ritualistic and reintegrates the punished person into the community. In many cultures where witchcraft is a common phenomenon, sentences are given by shamans and healers. Illustrating the above statements with examples from various Latin American indigenous cultures, the article shows that law based on the vision of the Western world often cannot be an adequate response to some events taking place in indigenous worlds. This is not least because in the world of positivist rationality these events or phenomena simply do not exist.
Two Embassies of Bagrat IV to Constantinople: Dating, Causes, and Aftermath
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Kosourov Dmitry A.
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to a new consideration of the issue of the number and dating of the embassies of king Bagrat IV of Georgia (1027–1072) to Constantinople during the reign of the Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Monomachos (1042–1055). Contrary to I. A. Javakhishvili’s point of view, generally accepted in historiography about the existence of the only embassy of Bagrat IV to Byzantium in 1054–1057, the author promotes the hypothesis about the existence of two embassies, in 1047 and 1050–1052/1053 respectively. This hypothesis is proved, in addition to the source analysis of the Georgian text of the Chronicle of Kartli, by referring to Byzantine and Armenian narrative sources, as well as by using information from the recently explored manuscript Q-1376 from the Georgian National Centre of Manuscripts. A comparison of data from sources allows the author to link the reason for the two embassies of the Georgian king to Byzantium with the escalation of the internal Georgian conflict between Bagrat IV and Liparit IV Baghuashi, Duke of Kldekari after the Battle of Sasireti in 1046. Also, the article highlights several new features in it, in particular, the conditions of truces between the two sides, the date of Liparit’s liberation from the Seljuk captivity, as well as the possible participation in the conflict of Leonti Mroveli, a famous Georgian historian of the eleventh century. Also, the article examines the consequences of the two trips of Bagrat IV to Constantinople for the Byzantine foreign policy on its eastern borders and, more particularly, clarifies the dating and circumstances of the military campaign of raiktor Nikephoros against the Shaddadid emir of Dvin Abu’l-Aswar in 1049, as well as the role of Georgian noblemen in this campaign.
Adaptação transcultural e validação do instrumento Parental Health Literacy Activities Test (PHLAT)
Authors: Simch Francielle Brustolin de Lima , Viera Claudia Silveira , Santos Mauricio Bedim dos , Toso Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de Oliveira
Published: March 2021

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi realizar a tradução, a adaptação cultural e a validação psicométrica do instrumento Parental Health Literacy Activities Test (PHLAT), que avalia o letramento em saúde para cuidadores/familiares que buscam atendimento às suas crianças menores de 1 ano na unidade de atenção primária. Estudo metodológico, quantitativo, de validação e adaptação transcultural de instrumento, seguindo as etapas de tradução, retrotradução, análise por comitê de juízes, aplicação de testes estatísticos para avaliação das propriedades psicométricas, obtendo-se sua versão para o português do Brasil. O pré-teste foi realizado com 31 familiares, e o teste/reteste, com 93, em unidades de atenção primária do município do Oeste do Paraná, em 2018 e 2019. Análise estatística inferencial foi aplicada para verificar a validade e a confiabilidade do instrumento. Na validade de conteúdo com comitê de juízes, obteve-se taxa de concordância de 100%. Os dados na fase de pré-teste apresentaram coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach de 0,73; e na etapa do teste/reteste, obteve-se 0,69. A avaliação da confiabilidade pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foi de 0,865, considerada substancial. O instrumento foi tido como adequado quanto a sua adaptação cultural e validado para o português do Brasil, confiável para a aplicação entre cuidadores/familiares.
Acidente de trabalho grave: perfil epidemiológico em um município do oeste do Paraná
Authors: Zack Bruna Tais , Ross Claudia , Gouvêa Leda Aparecida Vanelli Nabuco de , Tonini Nelsi Salete
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Objetivou-se conhecer o perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes de trabalho graves em município do oeste do Paraná no período 2014-2018. Tratou-se de pesquisa quantitativa, retrospectiva, descritiva realizada por meio do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan). Realizou-se análise descritiva e estatística. Totalizaram-se 1.741 notificações, predominando a faixa etária de 25 a 45 anos, sexo masculino, raça branca, ensino médio completo, residência na cidade estudada e área urbana. A principal ocupação foi a de empregado doméstico nos serviços gerais, prevalecendo acidente típico, nas instalações do contratante, empresas não terceirizadas, carteira assinada, Comunicação de Acidente de Trabalho não preenchida, e tempo de serviço inferior a um ano. Acontecidos predominantemente no horário comercial, sem outros trabalhadores envolvidos. A maioria recebeu atendimento médico notificado na unidade hospitalar, mão mais atingida, regime de tratamento hospitalar mais frequente até evolução para incapacidade temporária. Destacou-se o grupo de quedas e traumas. Totalizaram-se 39 óbitos com principal ocupação de pedreiro. A maioria das variáveis foram significativas para ocorrência dos acidentes e desfecho. A ocorrência de óbito foi relacionada à parte do corpo atingida e à classificação da lesão. O conhecimento do perfil epidemiológico pode subsidiar estratégias de saúde na área de saúde do trabalhador.
Itinerários vividos, histórias narradas: gradientes de autonomia entre beneficiários do Programa ‘De Volta para Casa’
Authors: Silva Alyne , Aleixo Aleff , Silva Camilla , Duarte João , Moraes Maristela
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Este trabalho parte de uma pesquisa multicêntrica que abrange 11 municípios que sofreram intervenção federal para o fechamento dos seus hospitais psiquiátricos e lançaram mão do Programa ‘De Volta para Casa’ (PVC) como estratégia de desinstitucionalização. Inspirados metodologicamente pela etnografia e metodologia de história de vida, realizou-se o acompanhamento dos itinerários dos primeiros beneficiários do PVC em um município paraibano e, a partir de observação participante e trocas diretas com eles, produziram-se narrativas orientadas por quatro eixos de análise: 1) Trajetória de vida; 2) Autonomia: emancipação x opressão; 3) O que o capital faz poder; 4) Acesso à saúde, acesso à vida. O objetivo foi compreender os efeitos deste auxílio– reabilitação na construção de autonomia de seus beneficiários, em seus diferentes graus. Entendendo autonomia enquanto capacidade do sujeito de construir vínculos em conjunto com outras pessoas e lidar com sua rede de dependências, apresentaram-se diferentes graus de autonomia expressos pelos beneficiários do PVC, partindo da centralidade desse conceito e do tensionamento que provoca. Percebeu-se que há muitas formas e graus de autonomia entre os beneficiários acompanhados, o que depõe contra a visão liberal hegemônica de autonomia.
Satisfação de negros e não negros assistidos por Centros de Atenção Psicossocial em Álcool e Outras Drogas
Authors: Silva Nelma Nunes da , Oliveira Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de , Oliveira Mônica Silvia Rodrigues de , Claro Heloísa Garcia , Fernandes Ivan Filipe de Almeida Lopes , Boska Gabriella de Andrade , Bosque Ronédia Monteiro
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Este artigo objetivou analisar comparativamente a satisfação de indivíduos negros e não negros assistidos por Centros de Atenção Psicossocial em Álcool e Outras Drogas de três estados brasileiros. É um estudo quantitativo, transversal e avaliativo, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas seguidas de análise inferencial. Participaram do estudo 707 indivíduos, a maioria homens, autodeclarados negros, com média de idade de 44 anos. Os resultados mostraram que indivíduos negros e não negros estavam igualmente satisfeitos com a assistência ofertada, sobretudo com a competência e compreensão dos profissionais, acolhimento e ajuda recebida, o que contradiz a literatura tradicional que desvela racismo nos serviços de saúde. A avalição é a de que os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial em Álcool e Outras Drogas são locais potentes e diferenciados do sistema de saúde, mais acolhedores e inclusivos, para o cuidado de qualquer tipo de população com necessidades decorrentes do uso de substâncias. Esse resultado é coerente com a história desses dispositivos de saúde em nosso país, sendo serviços centrais da rede substitutiva aos cuidados hegemônicos e asilares.
Internacionalização Brasil-Canadá: coordenando uma atualização profissional para enfermeiros sobre letramento em saúde comunitário
Authors: Santos Walterlânia Silva , Zanchetta Margareth Santos , Moraes Katarinne Lima , Brasil Virginia Visconde , Marinus Maria Wanderleya de Lavor Coriolano , Viduedo Alecssandra de Fátima Silva , Oliveira Lizete Malagoni de Almeida Cavalcante , Leal Luciana Pedrosa , Linhares Francisca Márcia Pereira
Published: March 2021

Resumo Objetivo Relatar a experiência da capacitação profissional no contexto da cooperação internacional Brasil-Canadá por meio da implantação de curso de atualização de enfermeiros sobre letramento em saúde comunitário. Método Relato de experiência do curso organizado por dez docentes, nove brasileiras e uma brasileira-canadense, com atividades de planejamento, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2019, majoritariamente com uso de ferramentas digitais e as de implantação, de 06 a 31 de janeiro de 2020, nas cidades de Brasília, Goiânia e Recife. Resultados O curso, enquanto projeto de internacionalização institucional, apoiou-se no ensino, educação em serviço, pesquisa e gestão, para colaborar com a parceria internacional liderada por uma universidade canadense e três programas brasileiros de pós-graduação em Enfermagem, sendo esta transferência de conhecimentos na área da saúde na modalidade de atividade educativa, uma possibilidade para conectar instituições de diferentes países. Conclusão e implicações para a prática Esta cooperação internacional de educação em Enfermagem possibilitou a troca de conhecimentos inovadores para superar desafios e colaborar cientificamente. O êxito dessa experiência sinalizou recomendações que possam corroborar o bojo de parceria multi-institucional. O detalhamento desta experiência constitui ferramenta para sua reprodução e adaptação a qualquer contexto acadêmico latino-americano, impulsionando assim, o processo de internacionalização.
Anti-CD20 mAb-Induced B Cell Apoptosis Generates T Cell Regulation of Experimental Myeloperoxidase ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Gan Poh-Yi , Dick Jonathan , O’Sullivan Kim M. , Oudin Virginie , Cao Le Anne , Koo Yuk Cheong Daniel , Shim Raymond , Alikhan Maliha , Kitching A. Richard , Ooi Joshua D. , Holdsworth Stephen R.
Published: March 2021

Significance Statement

Myeloperoxidase ANCA-associated vasculitis (MPO-AAV) is an important cause of renal failure. Although rituximab has been shown to effectively attenuate MPO-AAV, its underlying mechanism of action beyond depletion of CD20+ B cells producing ANCA is unknown. Administration of mouse anti-CD20 mAb to a murine anti-MPO GN mouse model reduced not only serum MPO-ANCA but also, T cell responses. Interestingly, anti-CD20 mAb treatment increased the frequency and functional potency of Tregs. Administration of anti-CD20 mAb rendered B cells apoptotic and resulted in the attenuation of anti-MPO autoimmunity and GN. This highlights a novel pathway by which anti-CD20 mAb therapy may attenuate T cell–mediated autoimmunity.

Background

Myeloperoxidase ANCA-associated vasculitis is a major cause of ESKD. Efficacy of anti-CD20 mAb treatment was tested in a mouse model of the disease.

Methods

MPO immunization induced anti-MPO autoimmunity, and a subnephritogenic dose of sheep anti-mouse GBM globulin triggered GN.

Results

Anti-CD20 mAb treatment increased the numbers and immunomodulatory capacity of MPO-specific T regulatory cells (Tregs) and attenuated T cell–mediated and humoral anti-MPO autoimmunity and GN. Disabling of Tregs negated the therapeutic benefit of anti-CD20 treatment. The mechanism of enhancement of Treg activity could be attributed to anti-CD20 mAb effects on inducing B cell apoptosis. Administering anti-CD20 mAb-induced apoptotic splenocytes to mice developing anti-MPO GN was as effective as anti-CD20 mAb treatment in inducing Tregs and attenuating both anti-MPO autoimmunity and GN. A nonredundant role for splenic macrophages in mediating the anti-CD20 mAb-induced immunomodulation was demonstrated by showing that administration of anti-CD20 mAb ex vivo–induced apoptotic splenocytes to unmanipulated mice attenuated autoimmunity and GN, whereas deletion of splenic marginal zone macrophages prevented anti-CD20 mAb-induced immunomodulation and treatment efficacy. Six days after administering anti-CD20 mAb to mice with murine anti-MPO GN, cell-mediated anti-MPO responses and GN were attenuated, and Tregs were enhanced, but ANCA levels were unchanged, suggesting humoral autoimmunity was redundant at this time point.

Conclusions

Collectively, these data suggest that, as well as reducing humoral autoimmunity, anti-CD20 mAb more rapidly induces protective anti-MPO Treg-mediated immunomodulation by splenic processing of anti-CD20–induced apoptotic B cells.
The Role of Transport Communications in Ensuring Political and Economic Security: the Unlearned Lessons of History
Authors: Shalak Alexandr
Published: March 2021

The article focuses on historical experience and the importance of transport communications in controlling the economic space and ensuring security of the state. The historical-and-geopolitical approach was used as the methodological framework of the present research. The purpose of the text is to illustrate with milestone historical examples the role of transport communications in binding the Russian space as well as in securing its mobility. The conducted analysis resulted in several meaningful conclusions. The stretched-out communications and low population density undermine the competitive opportunities of the Russian state. The modern strategy of railway development should be aimed at construction of high-speed rail networks, which would enable economic development and promote innovative technologies. The significance of water communications is attributed to their low cost and the world biggest length of rivers and maritime boundaries. The growth of small aircraft fleet, which practically ceased to exist in the post-Soviet period, should become the strategic priority in air communications development. Small aircraft is able to ensure the labor force mobility and provide the access to social infrastructure in sparcely populated areas of European Russia, Siberia and the Far East. The article emphasizes the sharp decline in rate of highways construction, particularly the ones of regional level. The main reasons for slow progress in construction of transport communications in the modern time are lack of political will as well as absence of sound strategy for their development. Based on comparative analysis and historical experience, the article stresses the role and importance of strategic planning and government investment for development of transport communication networks.
The Role of Banks in Shaping the Community of Firms (Theories and Russian History)
Authors: Yudanov Andrei
Published: March 2021

The paper is devoted to industrialization, which was the turning point of Russia's economic history, and to the resulting formation of the modern type national community of companies. From the perspective of the economic theory, the role of banks in the formation of a community of firms in the Russian Empire is considered in the article. The synthesis of two classical concepts is proposed: the decisive role of banks in public approval of innovation (Joseph Alois Schumpeter) and «the mission of banks» in the industrialization of backward states (Alexander Gerschenkron). It is concluded that not only German (as Gerschenkron believed), but also Russian banks fulfilled the historical mission of creating the large industry. On the other hand, under the direct influence of banks in Tsarist Russia a disharmonious community of firms was formed. It was characterized by hypertrophied large industry, underdeveloped small and medium-sized businesses as well as by the lack of an innovative sector. The responsibility of the banks is also enormous for syndicating Russian industry, which prevented the transformation of large Russian enterprises into efficient mass producers. In general, it is obvious that there is a strong and, at the same time, ambivalent (both positive and negative) influence of banks on the formation of the national community of firms. It seems that the past experience points to the need for state regulation of institutional bank-industry relations in our time.
Development of Transport Projects in the Irkutsk Region Based on Transport Demand Models
Authors: Khitrova Tatyana , Korotenko Andrey
Published: March 2021

The development of transport infrastructure is one of the factors determining the state of the economy of the Siberian Federal District and its strategic prospects. The importance of the contribution of the Irkutsk region to the gross regional product and the specifics of its structure determine the need to improve the organization of transport flows through the implementation of complex investment projects based on joint federal and regional funding. The presented development of the model for the development of the transport system of the Irkutsk region is based on the general algorithm of the four-step transport model. The article describes the main stages of the algorithm implementation and their results. The expediency of using the software products PTV Vision® VISUM and TransNet as a tool for developing a transport model is considered. Based on the simulation results, as a specific scenario for the development of transport infrastructure, the possibility of changing the graph of the road network while maintaining the model of behavior of users of transport services was considered, namely the joint implementation of projects for the construction of the western and southern bypasses of the city of Irkutsk.