bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Response Characteristics of Shallow Groundwater Level to Hydro-Meteorological Factors and Well Irrigation Water Withdrawals under Different Conditions of Groundwater Buried Depth
Authors: Cai Yi , Huang Ruoyao , Xu Jia , Xing Jingwen , Yi Dongze
Published: December 2022

Many irrigation districts along the Yellow River have been suffering shallow groundwater depression and agriculture-use water shortage. For comprehending response relationships of shallow groundwater level and various factors under different conditions of groundwater buried depth, the hydro-meteorological time series and the agricultural production data in Puyang area of Henan Province, China during 2006–2018 were collected for performing wavelet analysis of the relationship between the groundwater level and the four different factors, such as precipitation, air temperature, water stage of the Yellow River, and well irrigation water amount. It is shown that when the burial depth of groundwater varied from 0–10 m to over 10 m, the groundwater level was related with both the precipitation and air temperature from moderately to weakly and the delayed response times of the groundwater level to them extended from 2–4 months to more than 5 months. The groundwater level maintained a medium correlation with the well irrigation water amount as the burial depth increased, but the lag response time of groundwater level to well irrigation dramatically decreased when the burial depth exceeded 10 m. The dynamic response relationship between the groundwater and the water stage of the Yellow River was mainly affected by the distance away from the Yellow River rather than the burial depth and the influence of the river stage on the groundwater level was limited within the distance approximate to 20 km away from the Yellow River. The findings are expected to provide the reference for groundwater level prediction and groundwater resources protection.
Occurrence Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Organophosphorus Compounds in a Wastewater Treatment Plant and Upstream Enterprises
Authors: Li Aimin , Zheng Guochen , Chen Ning , Xu Weiyi , Li Yuzhi , Shen Fei , Wang Shuo , Cao Guangli , Li Ji
Published: December 2022

Organophosphorus compounds have toxic effects on organisms and the ecosystem. Therefore, it is vital to monitor and control the effluent organophosphorus levels of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study analyzed the composition and concentration of organophosphorus compounds from the upstream enterprises of a WWTP and conducted ecological risk and toxicity assessments using ECOSAR (ecological structure activity relationship model), T.E.S.T (Toxicity Estimation Software Tool), and risk quotient (RQ) methods. A total of 14 organic phosphorus pollutants were detected in the effluent of the upstream enterprises and WWTP. The concentration of influent total organic phosphorus from the WWTP was 39.5 mg/L, and the effluent total organic phosphorus was merely 0.301 mg/L, indicating that good phosphorus removal was achieved in the WWTP. According to the acute and chronic toxicity analysis, the ECOSAR ecotoxicity assessment showed that 11 kinds of organophosphorus compounds were hazardous to fish, daphnia, and algae in different degrees. Among them, triphenyl phosphine (TPP) had a 96 hr LC50 of 1.00 mg/L for fish and is a substance with high acute toxicity. T.E.S.T evaluates the acute toxicity of each organophosphorus component and the bioconcentration factor (BCF). The evaluation results showed that the LC50 of TPP and octicizer were 0.39 and 0.098 mg/L, respectively, and the concentrations of these two organophosphorus compounds from the effluent of an environmental protection enterprise were as high as 30.4 mg/L and 0.735 mg/L, which exceeded the acute toxicity values and has led to serious hazards to aquatic organisms. The BCF values of each organophosphorus component in the upstream enterprises and the effluent of the WWTP were less than 2000, implying that there was no bioaccumulation effect on aquatic organisms. The developmental toxicity assessment demonstrated that there were nine types of organophosphorus compounds belonging to developmental toxicants, that the presence of developmental toxicants was found in the effluent of each upstream enterprise, and that triethyl phosphate (TEP) was the most common organophosphorus compound. Comparing the RQ of the effluent from various enterprises, it was found that the effluent from the environmental protection enterprise presented the highest degree of environmental hazard, mainly due to the higher toxicity of TEP and octicizer.
Hydrodynamic Impacts on the Fate of Polychlorinated Biphenyl 153 in the Marine Environment
Authors: Mikheeva Elena , Bieser Johannes , Schrum Corinna
Published: December 2022

Due to their long half-life, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) tend to contaminate not only coastal areas, but they travel over long distances, eventually reaching remote areas such the Arctic. The physical and biogeochemical features of every coastal area govern the main distribution patterns of freshly introduced PCBs into the marine system. Some of these processes are determined by chemical properties of the individual PCB congener. Thus, atmospheric influx along with ad/absorption on non-living organic material, photolytical and biological degradation processes vary from one PCB congener to another. For a detailed fate analysis of individual congeners, we developed a new chemical model, based on the GOTM-ECOSMO-FABM model framework. Here, we exemplarily present results for PCB153 based on 1D simulations of four regions in the North-Baltic Sea. The study area is characterized by different hydrodynamic and biogeochemical conditions. We investigate the impact of resuspension, mixing and the biological pump, sea ice and tides on the final phasal distribution of PCB153. Different combinations of these factors lead to the development of different areas of PCB153 accumulation, with the formation of hotspot areas, and influence the total uptake and concentration of PCB153 in the water column. As a result, two major dynamics determine the fate of PCB153 in the coastal ocean: (i) Primary production leads to PCB153 being adsorbed by organic material. Partitioning to organic material and sedimentation of organic particles removes dissolved PCB153 from the surface ocean and increases atmospheric influx. (ii) Tidal-induced resuspension and mixing control the benthic–pelagic exchange of PCB153 and its distribution in the water column. Depending on the resuspension regime and stratification, sediments can become a permanent (Gotland Deep, the Baltic Sea) or seasonal sink for PCB153. In regions with seasonal stratification and high near bottom turbulence (Northern North Sea), resuspension events can lead to pronounced peaks in PCB153 concentrations and can therefore have a major impact on bioaccumulation. Under the conditions of permanent mixing and high bottom turbulence (Southern North Sea, Bothnian Bay), pollutants are hardly accumulating in sediments.
Effects of Climate Change on Freshwater Biodiversity
Authors: Carosi Antonella
Published: December 2022

This Special Issue intended to collect articles focusing on the assessment of the possible effects of climate changes on aquatic species inhabiting inland waters all over the world, including the possible synergistic effects in combination with other anthropogenic stressors. A total of six original articles were published that report on investigations of different freshwater ecosystems across the world, including the mountain streams of the Western United States and Northwest Italy, river basins of Northwest China and Central Italy, a larger lowland river in north Italy, and a high-elevation temporary pond in Central Italy. In most of these papers, special attention was devoted to the repercussions of the climate change and its effects on three important components of the biotic community: the fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, and zooplankton. According to the aims of this Special Issue, three of the articles offer new insight into the synergistic effects of global warming together with other anthropogenic stressors, including water exploitation and alien species invasions. In light of the studies’ aim to highlight the effects of climate change, three papers provided analyses of environmental data collected through long-term monitoring. The scientific findings provided by these studies could help to create sound management strategies for freshwater biodiversity conservation.
Effects of Hypoxia and Hypomagnetic Field on Morphometric and Life-History Traits in Freshwater Cladoceran Daphnia magna
Authors: Krylov Viacheslav V. , Sizova Anastasia A. , Sizov Daniil A.
Published: December 2022

The intensity of climatic changes and human activities is increasing every year. The general consequence of these processes for freshwater ecosystems can be a dissolved oxygen decrease. There is also a possibility of a reduction in geomagnetic field intensity due to a reversal of the Earth’s magnetic poles. It is assumed that the magnetic poles’ reversal may proceed relatively quickly and coincide with global climatic changes. To evaluate the influence of these processes on aquatic organisms, we studied the effects of different dissolved oxygen levels (2 mg/L, 5 mg/L, and 8 mg/L) under the geomagnetic field (51.7 ± 0.2 μT) and hypomagnetic field (0 ± 0.2 μT) on the model freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna Straus. It was found that reduced oxygen levels and the hypomagnetic field led to a decrease in the sizes of parental females, a reduction in the number of produced offspring, and an increase in the period between broods. The newborns from the first brood in the hypomagnetic field were larger than that from the geomagnetic field. The dissolved oxygen level and magnetic environment affected the age of the first brood release and caudal spine length. The results imply that the probable coincidence of the geomagnetic pole reversal and the decrease in the dissolved oxygen level due to global climatic and geophysical processes will have a more negative impact on freshwater crustaceans than the occurrence of these processes at different times.
Optimization of Irrigation Scheduling for Improved Irrigation Water Management in Bilate Watershed, Rift Valley, Ethiopia
Authors: Wabela Kedrala , Hammani Ali , Abdelilah Taky , Tekleab Sirak , El-Ayachi Moha
Published: December 2022

The availability of water for agricultural production is under threat from climate change and rising demands from various sectors. In this paper, a simulation-optimization model for optimizing the irrigation schedule in the Bilate watershed was developed, to save irrigation water and maximize the yield of deficit irrigation. The model integrated the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and an irrigation-scheduling optimization model. The SWAT model was used to simulate crop yield and evapotranspiration. The Jensen crop-water-production function was applied to solve potato and wheat irrigation-scheduling-optimization problems. Results showed that the model can be applied to manage the complicated simulation-optimization irrigation-scheduling problems for potato and wheat. The optimization result indicated that optimizing irrigation-scheduling based on moisture-stress-sensitivity levels can save up to 25.6% of irrigation water in the study area, with insignificant yield-reduction. Furthermore, optimizing deficit-irrigation-scheduling based on moisture-stress-sensitivity levels can maximize the yield of potato and wheat by up to 25% and 34%, respectively. The model developed in this study can provide technical support for effective irrigation-scheduling to save irrigation water and maximize yield production.
Numerical Investigation on EOR in Porous Media by Cyclic Water Injection with Vibration Frequency
Authors: Yang Hongen , Lao Junming , Tong Delin , Song Hongqing
Published: December 2022

Water injection with an oscillatory pressure boundary is a promising technology, which can achieve a more economical and environment-friendly EOR (enhanced oil recovery). However, due to the unclear critical injection frequency, its oil production performance has been unstable and is far from reaching the optimal level. Here, a numerical model is established for oil recovery by the water injection with the oscillatory boundary condition to find out the critical frequency for the optimal EOR. The correlations between the water injection frequency and the EOR level at diverse oil–water surface tensions and oil viscosities are integrated into the model. Our numerical model reveals that an optimal EOR of roughly 10% is achieved at the critical water injection frequency compared with water injection without an oscillatory boundary. The EOR mechanism is revealed showing that upon water injection with the optimum frequency, the formation of the preferential pathways is inhibited and the pressure transmits to the wall sides to displace the oil. Moreover, it is indicated that the required critical frequency increases with higher surface tension and larger oil viscosity. In addition, the difference between the residual oil saturation at the optimal frequency increases with the increase in surface tension compared with water injection without an oscillatory boundary. Last but not least, it is elucidated that at a constant injection frequency, a higher EOR is achieved when the water–oil surface tension is lower but the oil viscosity is larger. Our work promises economic, eco-friendly and controllable enhanced oil recovery.
Wide Frequency PWM Rectifier Control System Based on Improved Deadbeat Direct Power Control
Authors: Chen Wei , Li Shaozhen , Sun Wenbo , Bi Kai , Lin Zhichen , Zhang Guozheng
Published: December 2022

The precision of deadbeat direct power control depends on the parameters of the system model. In wide frequency applications, such as multi- electric aircraft and electric vehicles, variations in frequency and resistive parameters will affect the control effect. The AC side voltage frequency of the generator rectifier varies widely, which will lead to a steady-state reactive power error in the deadbeat direct power control. In addition, the large temperature variation range during the operation of the multi-electric aircraft and electric vehicles leads to large changes in the filter inductance and line resistance of the AC side, and the model parameters do not match the actual parameters, which will further deteriorate the control accuracy. In this paper, a PWM rectifier control method is proposed for the occasions when the frequency and temperature change are in a wide range. Using repetitive control and power compensation, it solves the problems of steady-state reactive power error and control accuracy degradation caused by the mismatch of model parameters under severe operating conditions. The control method can precisely adjust the output DC voltage of PWM rectifier, and it also can maintain unity power factor and reduce the total harmonic distortion rate of the input current. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by the experimental results.
Optimizing Electric Motorcycle-Charging Station Locations for Easy Accessibility and Public Benefit: A Case Study in Surakarta
Authors: Istiqomah Silvi , Sutopo Wahyudi , Hisjam Muhammad , Wicaksono Hendro
Published: December 2022

Many benefits follow from the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) to replace fossil fuel-based vehicles (FVs), i.e., improved transportation energy efficiency, reduced carbon and noise emissions, and the mitigation of tailpipe emissions. However, replacing conventional FVs with EVs requires the establishment of a suitable charging infrastructure representing a commonplace detail that blends into the landscape and is available in various locations. This research focuses on the infrastructure of Electric Motorcycles (EM), constituting a relatively dense network of charging stations (CS), which is an essential factor in accelerating the commercialization of EM in Indonesia. In this case study, we propose a Charging Infrastructure Optimization approach for placing charging stations to meet the demand posed by motorcycles. This study uses motorcycle user data as the initiation data for electric motorcycle users. The selection of charging station development points uses the calculation methods of the centrality index and scalogram, which describe the density of community activities. After the charging station’s construction point is obtained, the point is validated with the optimization model that has been designed with respect to the Maximal Covering Location Problem. We also analyze the benefits and costs of constructing this charging station to determine its feasibility.
Researching Rural Development: Selected Reflections
Authors: Fuller Anthony Michael
Published: December 2022

Reflections on research can take many forms. They inevitably contain positive memories of research that advanced our knowledge on issues of the day. They can also reflect dead ends and disappointments. Although research in rural development is generally a public endeavor (government, university and NGO supported projects), the effects felt by the researcher are often personal. Meeting peasants in the field, listening to abused farm women, and tracing livelihood transitions are all challenging for the researcher. Above all, making sense of research results for policy development is a daunting task, as there are many layers of dilution and deflection between researcher and policy maker. With these impediments and opportunities in mind, I offer some of my own reflections, in the form of an opinion piece, on rural development research over the past 50 years. The paper is organized into three parts: macro and micro level observations about the evolution and prevailing trends in rural development, and a third section on contemporary and future issues.
Detection of Trematodes from the Host Exotic Aquatic Snail Melanoides tuberculata in an Urban Stormwater System
Authors: Post Jason M. , Reasch Rachael J. , Bailey Emily S.
Published: December 2022

The red-rimmed melania or Malaysian Trumpet Snail, Melanoides tuberculata, is a common exotic freshwater snail that has been invading an increasing number of water bodies in North America. As a well-known host for trematodes causing human and animal diseases, the pattern of invasion and parasitic infection for this species is of great concern. Snail specimens were collected from an urban stream in Los Angeles that drains into a fragile, protected wetland ecosystem. Molecular analysis identified four trematode species: Haplorchis pumilio, Fasciola jacksoni, Parorchis sp. TH-2019, and an unclassified trematode species, Trematoda distomecercaria WN-2016. H. pumilio is responsible for haplorchiasis infections, previously considered endemic to Asia. F. jacksoni infection is a significant cause of mortality in Asian elephants. This study represents the first occurrence of F. jacksoni in North America and a novel occurrence of that trematode in association with M. tuberculata. This study also represents new occurrences of Parorchis sp. TH-2019 and an unclassified trematode species, Trematoda distomecercaria WN-2016, within California and North America. Parorchis sp. TH-2019 has previously only been documented in a marine whelk. This identification of these trematodes in association with M. tuberculata further exemplifies the need for ongoing monitoring and detection, especially considering the significance of H. pumilio and haplorchiasis to public health.
Influence of Improvement Cutting on Decorativeness and Vitality of Maple (Acer negundo L.), Elm (Ulmus pumila L.), Willow (Salix alba L.) and Loch Narrow-Leaved (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) Young Trees Under Dry Steppe Conditions
Authors: PANKRATOV Vladislav , EBEL Andrey , ZALESOV Sergey , NYSANBAYEV Erlan , RAKHİMZHANOV Alimzhan
Published: December 2022

The creation of artificial plantings in the conditions of the kovylno-tipchak steppe makes it possible to form long-lasting high-density and productive plantings, however, despite the accumulated knowledge, the rate of afforestation of the steppe is hindered by the fleeting or delayed death of plantings due to the effects of droughts. Fast-growing young trees become especially vulnerable in areas with deep groundwaters. The study was conducted in green zone of Astana, the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main value of the forests of the region lies in the creation of environmentally favorable environmental conditions, their performance of recreational, aesthetic, soil protection, erosion control, water protection, climate control and water regulation functions. Work on the study of the impact of improvement cutting on plantings of various formations in the green zone of the city of Nursultan has not been carried out before, which determines the scientific novelty of the project.
Benefits and risks of diverting stoma creation during rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Kawai Masaya , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Honjo Kumpei , Okazawa Yu , Takahashi Rina , Kawano Shingo , Munakata Shinya , Sugimoto Kiichi , Ishiyama Shun , Takahashi Makoto , Kojima Yutaka , Tomiki Yuichi
Published: December 2022

Purpose: A consensus has been reached regarding diverting stoma (DS) construction in rectal cancer surgery to avoid reoperation related to anastomotic leakage. However, the incidence of stoma-related complications (SRCs) remains high. In this study, we examined the perioperative outcomes of DS construction in patients who underwent sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer.Methods: We included 400 participants who underwent radical sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer between 2005 and 2017. These participants were divided into the DS (+) and DS (–) groups, and the outcomes, including postoperative complications, were compared.Results: The incidence of ileus was higher in the DS (+) group than in the DS (–) group (P<0.01); however, no patients in the DS (+) group showed grade 3 anastomotic leakage. Furthermore, early SRCs were observed in 33 patients (21.6%) and bowel obstruction-related stoma outlet syndrome occurred in 19 patients (12.4%). There was no significant intergroup difference in the incidence of grade 3b postoperative complications. However, the most common reason for reoperation was different in the 2 groups: anastomotic leakage in 91.7% of patients with grade 3b postoperative complications in the DS (–) group, and SRCs in 85.7% of patients with grade 3b postoperative complications in the DS (+) group.Conclusion: Patients with DS showed higher incidence rates of overall postoperative complications, severe postoperative complications (grade 3), and bowel obstruction, including stoma outlet syndrome, than patients without DS. Therefore, it is important to construct an appropriate DS to avoid SRCs and to be more selective in assigning patients for DS construction.
Le Conseil d’État, fossoyeur des droits des tiers et de l’environnement ?
Authors: Ullmann Gabriel
Published: December 2022

The French Council of State : a gravedigger for the rights of third parties and the environment ? Thirty years after the critical articles of professors’ Prieur and Caballero about the ecological jurisprudence of the French Council of State, it was necessary to make a new assessment. The duality matter characterised by its jurisdictional and advisory function is still inconsistent. For the highest court, the environment is a matter of general interest, but the jurisprudence of Council State chooses to favor the economy whereas economy doesn’t mean economic development or social progess. The legal certainty of administrative authorizations is erected as an absolute rule. It amplifies the regulation process and causes an important regulatory inflation at the expense of the third parties and environment. Finally, this jurisprudence may threaten democracy.
Les « contributions déterminées au niveau national », instruments au statut juridique en devenir
Authors: Hellio Hugues
Published: December 2022

The ratification of the Paris Agreement implies the submission by each Party of a “ Nationally determined contribution” (NDC) which embodies its first goal and measures to reduce climate change. As a result of an international negotiation process that led to the adoption and entry into force of the Paris Agreement, the NDCs have no explicit legal status. Otherwise, they are unilateral State acts conditioned by the Paris Agreement. The ambitious enhance of the five-year NDCs ordered by the Paris Agreement to achieve its objective presupposes perfecting the conventional conditioning of form and substance of the NDC. In so doing, the legal effects of NDCs would be clarified and potentially at the heart of climate change litigation.
De la source au puits : quelques aspects juridiques de la protection des sols dans le cadre de la lutte contre le changement climatique
Authors: Billet Philippe
Published: December 2022

Longtemps contenu dans sa fonction de production alimentaire et de support de constructions, le sol est désormais mobilisé au service de la politique climatique. À la fois «puits » et «source » , il occupe une place centrale dans le cycle du carbone et justifie l’intérêt que lui porte le droit international. À la croisée des Conventions sur le climat, sur la biodiversité et sur la désertification, il trouve un nouveau support de protection afin de pérenniser le service écosystémique particulier qu’est la séquestration du carbone. L’efficacité de ce service impose cependant de gérer le sol de façon durable, en évitant sa disparition du fait de son artificialisation ou de son érosion et en renforçant sa capacité de stockage par un soutien à la diversification des activités agricoles. Le droit de l’Union européenne, via les MAEC, permet d’orienter ces activités pour satisfaire cet objectif para-agricole et rémunérer un nouveau service environnemental.
La validation du principe de non-régression en matière environnementale par le Conseil constitutionnel au prix d’une redéfinition a minima de sa portée
Authors: Dellaux Julien
Published: December 2022

The non-regression principle in environmental law : a validation, by the French Constitutionnal Council, in a limited scope. This article analyses the consequences of the Decision n° 2016-737DC of the French Constitutional Council wich declared the principle of non-regression compatible with the constitution. Nevertheless, the Council confirmed his previous jurisprudence excluding the possibility for the parliement to adopt a law limiting his competence. Thus, the principle will have a limited scope, and will narrow the competence of the executive, but not the legislative power.
Droit de l'Union européenne : Pollution et nuisances
Authors: Chevalier Emilie
Published: December 2022

This contribution deals with the 2016 case law of the European Court of Justice and the General Court, related to the interpretation and enforcement of EU legislation on pollution and nuisances. However with one exception, since it also mentions the 16 December 2015 ruling adopted by the General Court (biocides case). It is of a particular interest since it stresses the obligations to act imposed on the Commission in this particular field. The 2016 case law expresses the importance of classical litigation such as the one relating to the interpretation of the EU legislation on water or on wastes, in preliminary proceedings and infringement actions. Furthermore, are strengthened the issues of the procedural framework applicable to the key actors for the enforcement of EU legislation, namely the Commission itself or the national authorities. The effectiveness of the right to access to information in the field of pollutions and nuisances is indeed a core issue to support the review process of action of public authorities, which is encouraged by the protective conception of the right to access to information promoted by the European judge.
Gout Prevalence, Practice Patterns, and Associations with Outcomes in North American Dialysis Patients
Authors: Guedes Murilo , Zhao Junhui , LaMoreaux Brian , Marder Brad , Gorlitsky Barry , Domingues Vinicius , Rivara Matthew B. , Lew Susie , Robinson Bruce , Pecoits-Filho Roberto , Karaboyas Angelo ,   on behalf of the DOPPS7 Country Investigators*
Published: December 2022

Key Points

Gout is a common inflammatory arthropathy, and it can be as frequent in patients with ESKD as in the general adult population.

Patient outcomes and providers' practice patterns for ESKD patients with gout are unknown. We sought to address these gaps in this study.

We found that gout is not associated with worse clinical or patient-reported outcomes, despite being frequent and possibly under-reported.

Introduction

Gout occurs frequently in patients with kidney disease and can lead to a significant burden on quality of life. Gout prevalence, and its association with outcomes in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) populations located in North America, is unknown.

Methods

We used data from North America cohorts of 70,297 HD patients (DOPPS, 2012–2020) and 5117 PD patients (PDOPPS, 2014–2020). We used three definitions of gout for this analysis: (1) having an active prescription for colchicine or febuxostat; (2) having an active prescription for colchicine, febuxostat, or allopurinol; or (3) having an active prescription for colchicine, febuxostat, or allopurinol, or prior diagnosis of gout. Propensity score matching was used to compare outcomes among patients with versus without gout. Outcomes included erythropoietin resistance index (ERI=erythropoiesis stimulating agent dose per week/(hemoglobin×weight)), all-cause mortality, hospitalization, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

Results

The gout prevalence was 13% in HD and 21% in PD; it was highest among incident dialysis patients. Description of previous history of gout was rare, and identification of gout defined by colchicine (2%–3%) or febuxostat (1%) prescription was less frequent than by allopurinol (9%–12%). Both HD and PD patients with gout (versus no gout) were older, were more likely male, had higher body mass index, and had higher prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities. About half of patients with a gout history were prescribed urate-lowering therapy. After propensity score matching, mean ERI was 3%–6% higher for gout versus non-gout patients while there was minimal evidence of association with clinical outcomes or PROs.

Conclusion

In a large cohort of PD and HD patients in North America, we found that gout occurs frequently and is likely under-reported. Gout was not associated with adverse clinical or PROs.
Editorial
Authors: Galbraith Mel , Blanchon Dan
Published: December 2022

It is an understatement to say that we have all been seriously affected by Covid-19-induced health concerns, lockdowns and travel restrictions over the past two years. From a biosecurity perspective, the lack of international travellers arriving in Aotearoa / New Zealand may have helped reduce the risk of unwanted organisms entering our country to some degree, but having our biosecurity personnel confined to barracks provided invasive species the opportunity to rebound in their absence. Reports of biosecurity issues throughout the Covid times are a sure indicator that invasive species are alive and well out there – for example the Mycoplasma bovis recurrence in Canterbury, pepino mosaic virus in Tāmaki Makaurau / Auckland, two marine pests (Asian seaweed Undaria pinnatifida and the carpet sea squirt Didemnum vexillum) at Rakiura / Stewart Island, and a too-close-to-home outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in Southeast Asia. As the general populace everywhere scrambled to survive in their day-to-day family and professional lives throughout the pandemic impacts, submission of academic manuscripts for publication clearly slipped (perhaps justifiably) to a low priority. As a result, only one paper was submitted to Perspectives in Biosecurity in 2021. This was published early in that year “ahead of print” as we felt that the myrtle rust subject matter was too important to wait for an end-of-year full issue (see Schmid et al. 2021). That early publication was a fortunate move given that no further papers materialised! However, we are delighted to present three very different research papers in this year’s issue of Perspectives in Biosecurity. The first paper describes the development of an intriguing mixed native–naturalised vegetation association on an island near urban Tāmaki Makaurau / Auckland. The second paper reports for the first time the lichenised fungi species found on two native tree species (ramarama Lophomyrtus bullata and rōhutu L. obcordata) that are threatened by myrtle rust. The third paper covers some preliminary research on the efficacy of the Honshu white admiral butterfly (Limenitis glorifica) as a biological control against Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica). We gratefully thank the authors for their contributions to this issue, and acknowledge their persistence and productivity over what has been a challenging time to complete research projects.
Controle de nível por aquisição de imagem numa planta didática / Control of level by image acquisition in a didactic plant
Authors: Silva Daniel Romero Guerra da , Carvalho João Mario de Carvalho e , Gomes Raphael Belizario de Souza , Monteiro Ravena Soares , Paiva Felipe da Silva , Pereira Rogério Passos do Amaral , Cuadros Marco Antonio de Souza Leite , Almeida Gustavo Maia de , Curcio Guilherme Vicente
Published: December 2022

Este artigo tem a finalidade de demonstrar o controle por aquisição de imagens do nível de uma planta didática do laboratório 303 do IFES da Serra, para ser utilizada como experiência de laboratório no início do curso de engenharia de controle, motivando os alunos e evitando assim a evasão nesta fase do curso. O método usado neste artigo também pode servir de base para diversas outras atividades relacionadas a aquisição de imagens. A programação para o controle por imagem foi executado no LabVIEW, que oferece dispositivos de aquisição e tratamento da imagem.
Application of unilateral coercive measures in exceptional contexts
Authors: Silva González Jorge Luis , Páez Cuba Lisett Daymaris
Published: December 2022

The economic siege imposed by the U.S. government on the Cuban State has placed circumstances of permanent exceptionality in front of the international community. The cold war policy supported by the Helms-Burton Act of 1996, estarted in 2019 a new stage of actions began with the activation of Title III of that law, to prevent foreign investment in Cuba and to favor a regime change. This article aims to argue the impact of the blockade as a unilateral coercive measure in an irregular socio-political context that has extended for more than six decades in the Cuban case. It analyzes the nationalization of 1959 as an act of state sovereignty, the illegitimate and extraterritorial nature of the blockade insofar as it violates International Public Law and constitutes an irrational act of economic war, as well as an arbitrary political sanction that harms the most elementary human rights.
Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1341
Mutual trust through the looking glass: The protection of children’s fundamental rights in EU return proceedings
Authors: Bartolini Silvia
Published: December 2022

The principle of mutual trust underpins EU proceedings for the return of the child following abduction. On such a basis, the courts of the Member State of refuge shall trust the courts of the Member State where the child was habitually resident immediately before the abduction being willing and capable to protect the EU fundamental rights of the child concerned. Therefore, they should not refrain from enforcing a certified judgment requiring the immediate return of the child, even in situations where there is a clear risk that the return is contrary to that child’s best interests. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that there is a necessity – in the field of EU proceedings for the return of the child following abduction – to move beyond absolute trust, in order to ensure adequate protection of the children concerned.
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Nurhadi Siti Nuriyah , Suhartinis  , Imam Tabroni
Published: December 2022

Pendidikan karakter merupakan usaha penanaman nilai-nilai sosial dalam diri siswa. Artinya, nilai-nilai itu harus dialami dan dipilih secara bebas oleh siswa untuk kemudian dihayati dalam kehidupan mereka sehari-hari sehingga menjadi karakter dan identitas bagi diri mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi/penerapan pendidikan karakter di MI As-sakinah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriftif melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa implementasi pendidikan karakter di MI As-sakinah kabupaten purwakarta berpedoman pada kegiatan pembelajaran dan pembiasaan sehari-hari. Pembiasaan yang diterapkan adalah seperti pembiasaan berdo’a bersama, shalat dhuha, pembacaan asmaulhusna, membaca daan menghafal surat-surat pendek, pemeriksaan kelengkapan atribut sebagai implementasi dari ketertiban dan kerapihan siswa, lalu pembiasaan lainnya yaitu siswa tidak boleh membawa makanan yang berkemasan guna menerapkan kepedulian terhadap lingkungan dengan tidak membuang sampah sembarangan, dan diharuskan untuk selalu membawa bekal dari rumah ke sekolah. Untuk mencapai keberhasilan pendidikan karakter tersebut didalamnya sangat dibutuhkan peran dari beberapa pihak, yaitu sosok guru, orang tua/keluarga dan seluruh civitas yang ada di sekolah.
Playing Board Games: A Case Study of Gender Differences in Language
Authors: Metreveli Anna
Published: December 2022

This case study investigates the variables of language and communication, as well as gender, in the board gaming community of practice. The study provides an analysis of gender and language during ten board gaming videos from YouTube using methods of digital ethnography, conversation analysis, and the community of practice framework. The levels of verbosity and other aspects of language are also investigated. The findings suggest that the differences in members’ behaviours are connected to core or peripheral memberships within the community of practice, rather than to the gender variable.
Respon Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Literasi Matematika pada Konteks Bangka Belitung
Authors: Rajab Vebrian  , Yudi Yunika Putra  , Sari Saraswati
Published: December 2022

Mathematical literacy has an important role in helping students understand the use of mathematics in everyday life. The purpose of this study was to determine student responses in solving mathematical literacy problems. Student responses are answers to questions related to attitudes and feelings after completing mathematical literacy questions. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires and interviews. The research subjects were 22 students of class X. This research instrument used a questionnaire sheet and an interview sheet. Interviews were conducted on 3 subjects who have high, medium, and low abilities. Questionnaire and interview data were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the average student response after being given a mathematical literacy question reached 55% with a good category. Students feel interested and enthusiastic about working on literacy questions, math literacy questions are different from the questions that are usually done in class, want literacy questions to be applied in everyday learning, even though students are not yet able and accustomed to working on mathematical literacy questions.
Perkuliahan Online: Bagaimana Literasi Digital Calon Guru Matematika Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Etnomatematika dan GeoGebra?
Authors: Eka Sulistyawati  , Dwi Shinta Rahayu
Published: December 2022

To support learning process during Covid-19 pandemic, digital literacy skills which is 21st century skill, is an important skill in learning. This research aimed to describe digital literacy skills of prospective mathematics teacher during the covid-19 pandemic. A qualitative descriptive was designed with 32 prospective mathematics teacher at IAIN Kediri. Student worksheets based on Ethnomathematics assisted by GeoGebra was used as a tool for implementing digital literacy skills in geometry courses during Covid-19 pandemic. Ethnomathematics worksheet was filled by student assessed using analitic rubric then described based on 3 digital competency indicators by Calvani namely technology, cognitive and ethnics. The results show that on technological indicator students can use GeoGebra tools to combine basic geometric and several polygons to produce other meaningful shapes, used GeoGebra tools to form regular polygons, able to make geometric fractals by applying geometric transformations, and created new tools for creating geometric fractals. On cognitive indicators, students can determine the basic patterns and transformations used in fractals and determine the types of fractals and non-fractals by using various sources. On ethical indicators students can present and interact directlywith lecturer and other students through GeoGebra classrooms.
Lintasan Belajar SPLDV Melalui Pendekatan Model Eliciting Activities (MEAs)
Authors: Theresia Ingga Sari  , Nyimas Aisyah  , Cecil Hiltrimartin
Published: December 2022

This is a design research that aims to develop a learning trajectory of the two-variable linear equation system using the Model Eliciting Activities (MEAs) approach in eight grade. The research in cycle 1 was conducted at Xaverius 7 Junior High School Palembang which involved 6 students in eight grade. There are three stages in the research, namely preliminary design, design experiments, and retrospective analysis. Data were collected using interviews, tests, documentation, and field notes which were analyzed descriptively by comparing the Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT). The results of this study indicate that the learning trajectory on the material of the two-variable linear equation system with the MEAs approach developed is in accordance with the HLT that has been designed.
Pengembangan Buku Saku Relasi dan Fungsi Berbasis CTL
Authors: Agustine Putri Cahyani , Iis Juniati Lathiifah
Published: December 2022

Peserta didik pada usia remaja seringkali mengeluh dengan buku yang terlalu besar untuk dibaca. Sementara hasil penelitian didapat bahwa pembelajaran dengan pendekatan kontekstual dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah  matematis peserta didik. Sehingga penelitian dilakukan untuk menghasilkan sebuah buku saku CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) materi relasi dan fungsi yang valid dan praktis. Penelitian dilakukan pada peserta didik kelas X salah satu MAN di Pangkalpinang pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan atau development research yang terdiri dua tahap yaitu tahap preliminary yang meliputi persiapan dan desain kemudian formative evaluation yang meliputi self evaluation, expert reviews, one-to-one, small group, dan field test. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa buku saku yang dikembangkan sudah seusai dengan pembelajaran CTL dengan rata-rata tiap kategori sebagai berikut; kategori konten bernilai 4 dengan kriteria sangat valid, kategori konstruk bernilai 3,88 dengan kriteria sangat valid, dan kategori bahasa bernilai 3,33 dengan kriteria valid. Sehingga rerata hasil validasi didapat nilai 3,73 dan buku saku dinyatakan valid. Berdasarkan hasil penerapan pada siswa kelas X didapat bahwa buku saku yang dikembangkan praktis dan sangat baik digunakan untuk siswa SMA serta mempunyai efek potensial terhadap kemampuan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah kontekstual dilihat dari sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang secara umum dikategorikan baik.
Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa dalam Online Learning pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Desrina Hardianti  , Dwi Desmayanasari
Published: December 2022

The aim of this research is to analyze students' mathematical literacy skills in online learning during the covid-19 pandemic. Data were collected through test of mathematical  literacy. The test instrument is based on indicators of mathematical literacy ability and has fulfilled the criteria of validity and reliability. The data was analyzed descriptively. This study involved 68 seventh grade students at a state junior high school in Lampung. The research subject were determined purposively by considering the teacher's suggestions and initial analysis. The results showed that students' mathematical literacy skills in online learning were still low, which was indicated by the average score of the students' mathematical literacy ability test, which was 46.46 and the number of students who had scores below the average of 67.64%. Meanwhile, the percentage of achievement on each indicator is also still low. The answers given by students showed that, as many as 89,07% of students still had difficulty in choosing and comparing strategies to obtain solutions, 64,06% of students had difficulty in using reasoning to relate the information obtained from a problem with the concepts they already had, and as many as 78,12% of students have difficulty in using or manipulating formulas or procedures in solving contextual problems. Given how important mathematical literacy skills are, a teacher must be able to design lessons so that they can help students develop mathematical literacy skills.
Avaliação de ocorrências de eventos climáticos extremos na sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Piracuruca
Authors: Santos Francílio de Amorim dos , Mendes Lúcia Maria Silveira , Cruz Maria Lúcia Brito da
Published: December 2022

O Nordeste do Brasil abrange a maior parte da área semiárida brasileira, essa apresenta irregular distribuição pluviométrica inter e intra-anual, fato que resulta na ocorrência de anomalias negativas (secas) e positivas (inundações). Desse modo, o objetivo da pesquisa foi realizar análise da precipitação da Sub-bacia Hidrográfica do rio Piracuruca, localizada entre os estados do Ceará e do Piauí, considerando estatística descritiva, o índice de anomalia da chuva (IA) e teste de tendência de Mann-Kendall, com o intuito de investigar as secas e as inundações. Inicialmente, demandou-se aquisição de dados de precipitação de 14 postos pluviométricos da Agência Nacional de Águas – ANA –, para o período de 1985 a 2016. As falhas dos dados foram preenchidas, permitindo-os emprega-los para correlacionar os postos do interior e do entorno por meio do Coeficiente de Determinação (R2 ) e Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson, verificar a tendência ao aumento/redução da precipitação via teste de Mann-Kendall (MK), identificar os anos secos e chuvosos através do índice de anomalia das chuvas (IAC). Os resultados apontaram que: os postos apresentam boa correlação (R2 de 0,9311 e r de 0,9650), o teste de MK indicou tendência decrescente estatisticamente significativa, com destaque para os meses de setembro e outubro; o IAC indicou que em 53,2% da série analisada ocorreram anos secos a extremamente secos e 46,8% dos anos foram chuvosos a extremamente chuvosos; fato que justificou a emissão de 75 Decretos de Situação de Emergência, entre 2003 e 2016, devido às estiagens e secas ou enchentes e inundações.
novo mundo de Bowman e o Conselho de Relações Exteriores
Authors: Smith Neil , Geraldino Carlos
Published: December 2022

No início do século XX, as grandes potências perceberam que o crescimento econômico em grande escala não poderia mais ser realizado pela expansão do território. Após a conferência de paz de Paris em 1919, Bowman escreveu "The New World", um levantamento das condições que a expansão econômica americana enfrentaria nos anos do pós-guerra. Bowman acreditava que os Estados Unidos deveriam ter uma política externa ativista e ajudou a fundar o Council On Foreign Relations para alcançar essa meta. O conselho era um grupo elitista, influente na formação da política externa na II Guerra Mundial e dedicado a um ativismo gradualista.
Por uma História da Geografia
Authors: Smith Neil , Gomes Rafael Augusto Andrade
Published: December 2022

Tradução de Smith, Neil. For a History of Geography: Response to Comments. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 78, n. 1, 1988, pp. 159-163.
Geografia como museu
Authors: Smith Neil , Lira Larissa Alves de
Published: December 2022

Tradução de artigo original de Neil Smith. O autor não redigiu um resumo para essa obra.