bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ferroelectric Properties of Polyvinylidenefluoride-Trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) Annealed Thin Film
Authors: Mohd Wahid Mohamad Hafiz , Mohd Dahan Rozana , Sa'ad Siti Zaleha , Arshad Adillah Nurashikin , Sarip Muhamad Naiman , Rusop Mohamad , Gan W.C. , Abd. Majid Wan Haliza
Published: January 2014

The annealing temperature for 250nm PVDF-TrFE (70:30 mol %) spin coated thin films were varied at solvent evaporation (Ts = 79°C), Curies transition (Tc= 113°C) till melting temperature (Tm = 154°C). From the XRD measurement, there was an improvement in the crystallinity of the annealed films, consistent with the increased in the annealing temperatures. Morphological studies of the annealed PVDF-TrFE thin films as observed with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) (100k magnification), showed enhanced development of elongated crystallite structures better known as ferroelectric crystal. However, the AN160 thin film showed fibrous-like structure with appearance of nanoscale separations, which suggested to posed high possibility of defects. Ferroelectric characterization indicated an improvement in the remnant polarization of annealed PVDF-TrFE thin films with the exception to AN160 in which leakage of current was inevitable due to the presence of cracks on the film surface.
The Compatibilty of TPU and NR Blends
Authors: Ahad Nor Azwin , Ahmad Sahrim Haji , Zain Norazwani Muhammad
Published: January 2014

The blends of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with natural rubber (NR) at four different blends ratios were prepared via melt blending, with addition of liquid natural rubber (LNR) as compatibilizer. The effect of blend ratio and temperature on the tensile properties and swelling ratio was studied. The addition of NR and LNR into TPU produces a decrease of tensile strength. The swelling ratio increased with the increasing of NR content in the blends. The temperatures of blending also give effects to tensile properties and swelling behavior.
Rapid Debinding of Injection Moulded M2 High Speed Steel Using Palm Stearin/Waste Rubber Binder
Authors: Wahab Noraini Abd , Omar Mohd Afian , Sauti Rosliza , Nordin Nor Amalina , Ahmad Ismail Nasiruddin
Published: January 2014

Tendency of injection moulded parts to necessitate a long debinding time which consequently leads to an increase of defects formation has been a major obstacle for the economic process of Metal Injection Moulding (MIM). In the present study, a novel binder system based on waste rubber has been formulated in injection moulding of Molybdenum High Speed Steel (M2 HSS). The feedstock consisted of M2 HSS powder with mean diameter particle size of 16μm and binder which comprised of palm stearin, polyethylene, waste rubber and stearic acid. The moulded part was immersed into n-heptane at 60°C in order to remove the palm stearin and stearic acid, followed by sintering in a controlled vacuum atmosphere. Results showed that solvent extraction debinding technique allowed complete removal of palm stearin and stearic acid from the injection moulded part within 3 hours without swelling or distortion of the debound part. In addition, this study has demonstrated that, the novel binder system has successfully shorten the debinding time through a single stage debinding process whilst the sintered part possessed approximate density of 8.1 g/cm3 and hardness of 76.9 HRC.
The Effect of Sintering Temperature on Physical Properties of Sintered Inconel 718 for Potential Aerospace Industry Application
Authors: binti Johari Nurhaslina , Ibrahim Rosdi , bin Abdullah Ahmad Nizam , bin Suleiman Ahmad Muhammad Jabir , Talib Abdul Rahim Abu
Published: January 2014

The most demanding high temperature application requires nickel-based super alloys, named Inconel 718 (IN718) is a precipitation hardenable nickel chromium alloy containing significant amount of iron, niobium and molybdenum along with lesser amounts of aluminium and titanium. The development of IN718 for metal injection molding was already proposed to provide increased resistance to distortion during and prior to debinding. This paper reports on the effects of sintering temperature on physical and mechanical properties of IN718 alloy. IN718 powder (60 vol%) with binder formulation (40 vol%) consists of polyethylene (PE) and palm stearin (PS) were mixed homogeneously and injected to produce green compacts. The binders then was removed and sintered at 1100 °C and 1200 °C for 8 h respectively. During sintering, the debound part is heated, which is allowing densification of the powder into a dense solid followed by elimination of pores. The sample sintered in vacuum condition at atmosphere 10-5 mbar whereby samples sintered at 1100 °C, show the density of 6.806 g/cm3 compared to samples sintered at 1200 °C is 8.186 g/cm3. Super alloy sintered at 1200 °C exhibited better densification rate with lower porosity. The preliminary results indicate that super alloy can be used in the MIM fabrication of nickel based super alloys to produce high-density sintered parts.
Characterization of PM Fe-Cr-Y2O3 Composites Prepared by Microwave Sintering Technology
Authors: Marina M. , Zamzuri M.Z.M. , Derman M.N. , Selamat M.A. , Rahman W. , Nooraizedfiza Z.
Published: January 2014

This research is focused on assessing the feasibility of the new and innovative microwave sintering technology for fabricating iron-chromium composites prepared via powder metallurgy route. Accordingly, the microwave sintered iron-chromium compacts was benchmarked against conventional sintered counterparts fabricated in other researches. We also studied the viability of yttria reinforcement to the iron-chromium composites with varying weight fraction from 5 to 20 %. Comparison on the end properties were also being made on the unreinforced iron-chromium matrix (0 wt. % of yttria). The result revealed that the microwave sintered iron-chromium composites possess improved density and micro hardness value. Process evaluation also revealed that microwave assisted sintering can lead to a reduction of 70 % of sintering time when compared to conventional sintering. The micro hardness property of microwave sintered iron-chromium was slightly improved with 5 wt. % addition of yttria, although the density and compressive strength were reduced with increasing content of the ceramic particulates. Most importantly, the study has established the viability of microwave sintering approach used in place of conventional sintering for iron based powder metallurgy composites.
Effect of Surface Roughness on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium-Carbon Laminates Composites
Authors: Mohamad Mawarni , Marzuki Haslan Fadli Ahmad , Ubaidillah E.A.E. , Abidin M.F.Z. , Omar S. , Rozi I.M.
Published: January 2014

Fiber Metal laminates, FML, is a combination of metal with fiber/resin laminates and it is a well-known application in composite laminates due to its dimension stability and properties consistency. Generally, the strength of these laminates systems is much depends on the mechanical interlocking mechanism between the metal surface and the composite laminates. Therefore, surface treatment is needed to enhance the laminates strength. In this research, aluminum plates with different surface roughness were laminated with carbon-fiber/epoxy laminates. The strength of these hybrid systems was then characterized to study the effect of surface roughness on the interfacial strength. It shows that the higher surface roughness will result in better interfacial interaction between the metal surface and the fiber laminates.
Physical and Chemical Processes Research of Isotope Separation in Plasma under Magnetic Field
Authors: Myshkin Vyacheslav F. , Izhoykin Dmitry A. , Ushakov Ivan A. , Shvetsov Viktor F.
Published: January 2014

It is known that chemical bonding is only possible when particles with antiparallel valence electrons spins orientation collide [1, 2]. In an external magnetic field unpaired electrons spins precession around the field lines is observed. Precession frequencies of valence electrons of magnetic and nonmagnetic nuclei differ, resulting in a different probability to collide in reactive state for different isotopes. The investigations results of magnetic field influence on the carbon isotopes redistribution between carbon dioxide and disperse carbon in plasmachemical processes are given. Argon-oxygen plasma by a high-frequency generator was produced. Carbon placed into reaction zone by the high-frequency electrode evaporation. The plasmachemical reaction products quenching in the plasma flow at the sampler probe were examined. It is found that the Laval nozzle sampler is more efficient for plasma stream cooling versus the cylindrical sampler. The effects of flow rate, pressure and carbon dioxide concentration on the plasma flow cooling efficiency were estimated.
The Resource Efficiency Assessment Technique for the Foundry Production
Authors: Vidayev Igor G. , Martyushev Nikita , Ivashutenko Aleksander S. , Bogdan Anna M.
Published: January 2014

The short analysis of the assessment opportunities is presented for the resource efficiency in various industries and particularly in the foundry production. The developed algorithm of carrying out such assessment is presented. It is shown that such algorithm consists of five steps. They are the formation of the evaluating team, the choice of the technology or a product, the analysis of the chain creation of the added value for a technology or a product, the assessment of the current state of the technology or a product, developing the recommendations for the improvement of the efficiency of resources use. This article describes in detail the works, which need to be carried out at each stage of evaluating the resource efficiency. The evaluating map and the criteria are developed for comparing different types of the foundry technologies as well as the map for assessing the current state of the foundry technology. The result of the accomplished assessment with the described algorithm is the developed recommendations on the use of the enterprise resources.
Two Different States of Copper Ions in Zeolites
Authors: Efimov Andrey , Pestryakov Alexey , Espinosa Miguel Ángel Hernández , Chávez Rivas Fernando , Petranovskii Vitalii
Published: January 2014

This work is devoted to the study of copper ion positions in zeolite matrices. Copper cations were exchanged in mordenite and zeolite X from aqueous solutions of different copper salts varying their concentrations. Electronic state of copper in ion-exchanged samples exchanged and dried at different temperatures was evaluated by XPS spectroscopy. Depending on conditions of exchange treatment copper was found to be distributed between two different accessible sites in zeolites. These copper ions are stabilized as isolated species with well-defined oxygen coordination polyhedra.
Unfiltered Aluminium Vacuum Arc Plasma Application for High-Frequency Short-Pulse Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation
Authors: Ryabchikov Alexander , Sivin Denis , Ivanova (Bumagina) Anna , Bolbasov Evgeniy , Daneikina Natalya
Published: January 2014

This paper is devoted to the studying of the dynamical changes in the density of aluminium microparticles (MPs) on the substrate surface made of stainless steel, immersed in vacuum arc plasma, at high-frequency short-pulse negative bias potential. It is shown experimentally that the density of aluminium MPs on the substrate surface is decreased dynamically by 3 orders when the treatment time is increased from 15 s to 3 min at the bias potential –2 kV. A possibility of the application of MPs unfiltered vacuum arc plasma for high-frequency short-pulse plasma immersion ion implantation to form the intermetallic layers is discussed.
Alignment of the Microstructure of Castings from the Heterophase Lead Bronzes
Authors: Martyushev Nikita
Published: January 2014

This paper reports on the use of nanopowders in the coating composition forms in casting blanks from lead bronzes for the petrochemical industry. Influence of composition of used protective separating coating of casting mold on the microstructure castings was investigated. For experimental investigations following coating were selected [1]: the mixture of zirconium dioxide nanopowder with industrial oil and the same composition as it’s, but on the basis of aluminum oxide nanopowder. As the test material multicomponent and lead bronzes were selected. The cooling curves castings using coatings of different compositions by means the developed device thermograph were constructed using techniques developed by the authors. The study results showed that the greatest reduction in the cooling rate at the time of crystallization bronze corresponds to coating casting mold based on powder of zirconium dioxide (45 °C/c). The cooling rate is reduced only to 65 °C/c when coating based on aluminum oxide. Decrease the cooling rate of castings using these coatings can change the shape and size of lead inclusions and align the casting structure in section. Form inclusions lead is becoming more spherical and their interfacial surface is leveled. The greatest changes occur in the surface layers of castings. Is shown that the multicomponent bronzes decreased speed the cooling due to the use plasters leads not only to changes in the morphology of inclusions but also to lead the change in the phase composition. Decrease of cooling rate leads to increasing the amount of eutectoid and growth of hardness casting.
Investigation of Surface Layers of Aluminum Alloy after Superplastic Deformation
Authors: Naydenkin Evgeniy V. , Ivanov Konstantin V. , Rudenskii Gennadiy E.
Published: January 2014

The structure and phase composition of an ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy subjected to tension under superplasticity conditions are studied. It is shown that phase transformations governed by solid solution decomposition occur in the surface layer. The rate of these phase transformations in the near-surface layer is higher due to intensive grain boundary sliding. Maximum changes of the structural-phase state of the alloy are observed in a near-surface layer of about 10 μm thick.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Tin Dioxide Nanocrystals on the Surface of Polypropylene Melt-Blown Nonwovens
Authors: Lysak Ilia A. , Lysak Galina V. , Malinovskaya Tatyana D. , Sachkov Victor
Published: January 2014

Nanocrystals of stable, tetragonal tin dioxide have been synthesized using microwave processing, and the effect of microwave heating on the structural phase transformations of the tin compounds involved has been examined. The results are used to determine microwave heating parameters that ensure strong bonding of nanocrystals to the surface of polypropylene nonwoven.
Radiation Model of Light Emitting Diode Based on Algainp Heterostructures with Multiple Quantum Wells
Authors: Gradoboev Alexandr Vasilievich , Orlova Ksenia Nikolaevna
Published: January 2014

The presented radiation model allows evaluating the contribution of ohmic contacts metal-semiconductor into LED radiation resistance and, thus, can be used when developing the design and the production technology of LED with required radiation resistance.
Stability of Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Aminoacids
Authors: Ramirez-Camacho Mayra C. , Tusovskaya I. , Susarrey-Arce Arturo , Pestryakov Alexey , Bogdanchikova Nina
Published: January 2014

While bio(organic-inorganic) compatibility and absence of cytotoxicity are crucial to create a successful nanocarrier for applications in biosensing and drug delivery, the study of its stability before commercialization is quite important. In the present work, the stability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with L-Cysteine (Cys) and Cysteine-Glycine (Cys-Gly) was studied. The AuNPs surface modification with Cys and CysGly was performed to improve their biocompatibility and, after that, the stability of capped AuNPs was investigated. The synthetized AuNPs using 10 mM of cysteine and 20 mM of Cys demonstrated stability after 1 month of storage, while all other concentration ratios resulted in the formation of chain-like conglomerates. For AuNP capped with CysGly all modifier concentrations led to stable samples within 1 month of storage.
Stress Evaluation in the Surface Layer at the Condition of Particle Beam
Authors: Chepak-Gizbrekht Maria , Knyazeva Anna G.
Published: January 2014

The problem of material treatment by the beams of particles for non-isothermal conditions is solved analytically. The thermal diffusion is taken into account. The stress and strain evaluation in the treatment zone is carried out using the methods of thermal elasticity theory (for the elastic body) and analogy method in the space of Laplace integral transform (for the viscoelastic body). It is shown that the thermal diffusion is the most essential for the body with small viscosity.
Structure and Properties of Boride Coatings Synthesized from Thermo-Reactive Powders during Electron-Beam Surfacing
Authors: Galchenko Nina K. , Kolesnikova Ksenia A. , Belyuk S.I. , Dampilon B.V.
Published: January 2014

The wear resistant composite coatings on the basis of titanium borides, which are synthesized from thermoreactive powder components of a boron-containing mixture at electron beam surfacing, are interesting for applications today.
Trace Determination of Rhodamine and Eosine in Oil-Water Reservoir Using Solid-Phase Extraction
Authors: Gavrilenko Mikhail A. , Gavrilenko Nataliya A. , Amerkhanova Shamshiya K. , Uali Aitolkyn S. , Bilyalov Alisher A.
Published: January 2014

A method for the trace analysis of rhodamine and eosine with colorimetric measurements based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) by transparent polymethacrylate matrix (PMM) is described. Solid-phase extraction on PMM allowed a 380-fold enrichment of the dyes if 10 mL sample volume is used with extraction efficiencies 98%. The method enables the determination of rhodamine to 0.06 mg/L and eosine to 1.2 mg/L combined with a fast and easy sample-preparation (pH-adjusting prior to SPE). Simultaneous extraction and determination of rhodamine and eosine in reservoir samples with high salinity confirmed the applicability and reproducibility of the method. Batch adsorption results indicated that Langmuir isotherm described the adsorption isotherms better.
Very Broad Metal Ion Beam Source for Ion Implantation and Coating Deposition Technologies
Authors: Stepanov Igor , Ryabchikov Alexander , Sivin Denis
Published: January 2014

The paper describes high broad metal ion source based on dc macroparticle filtered vacuum arc plasma generation with the dc ion-beam extraction. The possibility of formation of pseudo ribbon beam of metal ions with the parameters: ion beam length 0.6 m, ion current up to 0.2 A, accelerating voltage 40 kV, and ion energy up to 160 kV has been demonstrated. The pseudo ribbon ion beam is formed from dc driven vacuum arc plasma. The results of investigation of the vacuum arc evaporator ion-emission properties are presented. The influence of magnetic field strength near the cathode surface on the arc spot movement and ion-emission properties of vacuum-arc discharge for different cathode materials are determined. It was shown that vacuum-arc discharge stability can be reached when the magnetic field strength ranges from 40 to 70 Gs on the cathode surface.
Synthesis of Al2OC Ceramic Powder by a Carbothermal Reduction Process
Authors: Ding Shuang Shuang , Cui Peng , Zhu Hong Xi , Deng Cheng Ji , Yu Chao
Published: January 2014

A12OC ceramic powder was successfully synthesized via a carbothermal reduction method using Al2O3, B2O3 and activated carbon powders as raw materials. The effects of synthesis temperature on the phase transformation and micro-morphology of A12OC were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the content of A12OC in the products was increased with the increasing heating temperature. The optimized process for preparing A12OC was heating the mixtures at 1700 °C for 2 h in argon flow. A12OC particles synthesized at 1700 °C were hexagon plate-like with thickness of 5 μm and size of about 50 μm.
Keywords: A12OC, synthesis, microstructure
Influence of nanoAl2O3 Powder on the Properties of Microporous Corundum Aggregates
Authors: Fu Lv Ping , Gu Hua Zhi , Li Zheng Kun , Yan Xiang Yu
Published: January 2014

With Al2O3micro-powder as main raw material, a kind of microporous corundum aggregate was prepared by adding nanoAl2O3powder. Effect of nanoAl2O3powder on the properties of microporous corundum aggregates and its sintering mechanism were studied. The results show that, the closed porosity of sinter is too low when adding too less nanoAl2O3powder; however, excessive nanoAl2O3powder would lead to the separation of grain boundary and pores during the sintering process, partial crystal grow up abnormally, the relative density of sinter reduces. Microporous corundum aggregate with 5.2% apparent porosity and 9.2% closed porosity can be obtained with 3wt% nanoAl2O3powder in this study.
Effect of Briquetting Pressure on the Performance of In Situ Formed Sialon in Al2O3-C Refractory Bricks
Authors: Peng Nai , Deng Cheng Ji , Zhu Hong Xi
Published: January 2014

In this paper, the effects of briquetting pressure on the performance of in-situ formed Sialon in Al2O3-C refractory bricks are investigated. The phase compositions and microstructure of the Al2O3-C refractory were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).The results show the briquetting pressure hardly has effect on the phase of the sintered specimens, two new phases of Sialon with a Z value of 2 and SiC formed. The micrographs of Sialon crystals have the shape of both column and tabular column, but with a cone tip in the specimens sintered at 200MPa and 300MPa and smooth tip in specimens sintered at 400MPa and 500MPa.
Modeling and Simulation of Underwater Acoustic Absorption Properties of Novel Macroporous Resins - Elastomer Thin Coatings
Authors: Sun Wei Hong , Liu Bo , Yan Xin , Li Yong Qing
Published: January 2014

In order to improve acoustic stealth performances at high-frequency of underwater objects, macroporous resin beads–elastomer coatings with 2 mm of thickness were introduced for high-frequency acoustic-absorption. Meanwhile, an acoustic model was theoretically built on the transfer matrix method to calculate and analyze the influences of the coating loss factor, density, Young's modulus and the frequency on underwater acoustic absorption properties. Simulation results showed that the acoustic absorption coefficient curves had a periodic change own to the steel plate resonance effect, meanwhile, the greater coating loss factor, the better acoustic absortpion properties; the greater coating density, the better effect of acoustic absorption at low frequencies, but at middle and high frequency. the larger Young's modulus of coating, the smaller the acoustic reflection coefficient and then the better the acoustic absorption performance.
1,8-Naphthyridine Modified Rhodamine B Derivatives: Turn-On Colorimetric Sensor for Cu2+
Authors: Gou Gao Zhang , Yan He Ping , Xu Shi Juan , Wu Na , Zhou Bo , Liu Wei
Published: January 2014

A 1,8-naphthyridine modified rhodamine B derivative, one Cu2+-selective chemosensors was designed, synthesized and characterized, which display a high selectivity for Cu2+among environmentally and biologically relevant metal ions. It can detect Cu2+in aqueous solution selectively with a dramatic colour change from colorless to magenta. The detection mechanism involves a ring-opening process as a consequence of metal complex formation. Jobs plots study indicated that the chemosensor chelated Cu2+with 2:1 stoichiometry.
Thermodynamic and Experimental Studies of Chlorination Reaction of FeO-Cu2O System
Authors: Jiang Ping Guo , Chou Kuo Chih , Hu Xiao Jun
Published: January 2014

Based on thermodynamic calculation results of Fe-Cu-Cl-O system by FACTSAGE software, chlorinate reaction of Fe-Cu-O melts was studied. The (CuCl)3(g) gas can stably exist under a certain condition. At 1273K, the high purity N2gas was used as the carrier gas to decrease the partial pressure of (CuCl)3(g) gas of FeO-Cu2O-CaCl2melt to promote the generation of of (CuCl)3(g). Thus Cu was transformed to chlorides and removed from the melt. Between 1123K and 1273K, after specimen of FeO-Cu2O-CaCl2system was sintered for 4h, the evaporation ratios of Cu and Fe were 55.45 % and 4.02 %, respectively. The results show that the chlorination reaction is an effective method to recycle the copper and iron.
Microwave Permeability of FeCo-Based Magnetic Thin Films
Authors: Wu Yan Hui , Hadimani Magundappa L. , Wen Xiang , Zhou Yin Dong , Han Man Gui
Published: January 2014

Magnetic FeCoSiB thin films have been prepared and annealed at 300 °C and 400 °C for 1 hour. The as-prepared films and films annealed at 300 °C are found in amorphous states and to be anisotropic in static magnetic properties. Nanocrystalline grains have been found in the films annealed at 400 °C, which are isotropic in magnetic properties. With increasing the annealing temperature, the coercivity and saturation magnetic fields are found decreasing. The resonance frequency shows the same varying trend as the saturation magnetic fields. Large microwave magnetic losses have been found in all the films, which indicate that these films have potential applications in microwave noise attenuation.
Changes of Band Gap Structure of 1-D Quasi-Periodic Photonic Crystal at Angular Incidence
Authors: Zhang Qin , Li Wen Sheng , Huang Hai Ming
Published: January 2014

The transmission spectra of 1-D quasi-periodic photonic crystal of positive-negative index structure at angular incidence was studied by transfer matrix method. The results show that the photonic band gap structure changes along with different incidence angles, a new photonic band gap corresponding toω/ωpe=1 will appear, whose centric position is invariant with the changes of incidence angle, but the width broadens as the incidence angle increases; likewise, for a Bragg gap, the centric position and width of band gap also change, which provides conditions for achieving complete phase matching for the second harmonic effect.
Effect of Alkali Leaching on Properties of Chitosan Film
Authors: Zhang Yun Bin , Wang Jing Wen , Liu Xiao Yu , Li Yue Xia , Jiang Ping Ping
Published: January 2014

Chitosan (CS) film prepared by casting-evaporation method, was processed by alkali leaching. Structural characterizations of CS film before and after alkali leaching were measured by Fourier transform infrared reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction. Effect of alkali leaching to thickness, mechanical properties, water contact angle, water-solubility and swelling index of CS film were investigated. The results manifested that CS acetate was converted to CS through alkali leaching. Vibration intensities of covalent bonds was decreased by alkali leaching. After alkali leaching, thickness, water-solubility and swelling index of CS film decreased, meanwhile tensile strength, elongation at break and water contact angle of CS film increased. Mechanical properties and waterproofness of CS film was improved by alkali leaching. The research results could provide theoretical basis for the application of CS film after alkali leaching.
Cation and Anion Exchange Membranes Prepared by Radiation-Induced Graft Polymerization for Application in Electrodialysis
Authors: Chen Jin Hua , Masaharu Asano , Maekawa Yasunari
Published: January 2014

Cation and anion exchange membranes were prepared by radiation-induced graft polymerization of ethyl styrenesulfonate and chloromethyl styrene, respectively, onto poly (ethylene-alt-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) films, followed by hydrolysis in the former case and quaternization in the latter case. The degree of grafting as well as the ion exchange capacity (IEC) and the conductivity of the prepared membranes were investigated. Furthermore, the cation and anion exchange membranes were tested in an electrodialysis cell using CsNO3 aqueous solution in the dilute compartment. It was found that the high-IEC membranes enhanced the electrodialysis speed, while the low-IEC membranes showed the high percent removal.
The Research on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Eggplant Stalk Fiber for the Complex Utilization of Stalk
Authors: Li Li Xia , Chen Hai Tao
Published: January 2014

The physical and chemical properties of stalk fiber extracted by different method was important for the characters of the product. And the research laid the foundation for the complex utilization of eggplant stalk.Morphology of eggplant stalk fiber was determined by Feica microscope, the length, width and length to wide ratio were analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Chemical compositions different analysisof eggplant stalk fiber extracted by mechanical process were analyzed by applying Block test method with Design-expert 6.0.10.The result present that length, width, and length to wide ratio of stalk fiber were 11 mm,1338 um,20,respectively. Cellulose content of eggplant stalk was 34.31 %, hemi-cellulose content was 11.03%, lignin content was10.69 %.Cellulose content of eggplant stalk fiber was 36.2 %, hemi-cellulose content was18.55 %,lignin content was 17.49%.Hemi-cellulose increased by 7.52 %, cellulose increased by1.89 %, lignin increased by 6.8 %.The composition of fiber had significant difference.Beating degree was positively correlated with the beating time, beating time and wet weight were a negative correlation. Strength of stalk fiber was positively with the gramme, and strength was8.3N when gramme was 60 g/m2.
Composite of Shortcut Grass and Poly(vinyl alcohol): Preparation and Performance
Authors: Wu Chuan Bao , Zhou Yu Jun
Published: January 2014

The environmentally friendly composite of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and shortcut grass were prepared by hot-pressing method. First, dry grass was cut into 1.5 cm long segments. Then, shortcut grass was mixed with PVA by using water as medium. The mixed uniformly raw materials were hot-pressed at different temperatures for different times. The effects of raw material ratio, hot-pressing temperature and hot-pressing temperature on composites performance were studied. Results showed that composites tensile strength increases with the increase of PVA content. Tensile strength reaches 3.59 MPa at 50% of PVA content. The tensile fracture stretch increases with PVA content and reaches 25.28% when PVA content is 50%. The tensile strength first increases and then decreases with the increase of hot-pressing temperature and hot-pressing temperature. The hardness of composite is uneven. Hardness at 20% of PVA content is lower slightly than that at other PVA contents.
Effect of Hydrogen Bonds to Form Complexes for N Active Structures which Contained in Coal and the Ca-Based Inhibitor
Authors: Hao Chao Yu , Zhao Qing Biao , Wang Ji Ren , Chi Gui Long
Published: January 2014

Based on the theory of coordinate inhibition three nitrogen-containing active structures of different aromatic in coal were established. Using quantum chemistry calculation method, the effect of hydrogen bonding on the formation of complexes that formed by three nitrogen-containing active structures of different aromatic and inhibitor were calculated in B3LYP/6-311G* levels. The results show that hydrogen bond can make H2O participation in forming complexes which formed by three nitrogen-containing active structures of different aromatic and metal ions. Hydrogen bonds play a molecular recognition and guiding role in the process of H2O involved in the formation of complexes. After H2O participating ligand through hydrogen bonds, the complexes formed Ca-O-H-O four-membered ring structure in the geometrical structures. It Shows that its stability are improved and not easy to contacts with O or reacting. It making coal spontaneous combustion can be well inhibition. After H2O participating ligand, aromatic change had little effect in stability of the complexes. It shows that different ranks of coal can get better inhibition effect after H2O participating ligand.
The Research on Producing Recycling Cement Using Waste Concrete
Authors: Yao Shao Wei , Wang Chang Rui
Published: January 2014

Using all components of waste concrete with limestone coarse aggregates as the raw materials produces recycling cement. Recycling cement clinker will be produced in this way by sintering waste concrete and a certain amount of accessory materials. It is a technical route of protection environment, resource conservation and sustainable development.
The Influence of Pretreatment and Usage on the Humidity Control Property of a Novel Paperboard
Authors: Feng Dao Yan , Zhu Ge Kai , Huang Shi , Hua Yu Li , Hu Zhi Wen , Peng Zhi Qin
Published: January 2014

Adsorption-desorption behavior of a novel humidity control paperboard was investigated on the conditions of different pretreatments and variable amounts of usage. The results revealed that the target humidity varied because of different moisture contents. In addition, the target relative humidity was about 50% with the moisture content being about 20%. The humidity control performance of the paperboard could be measured with initial 80% of relative humidity. The dosage ratio of sample to container is 1g/L. On the condition that the moisture content was 20%, when the usage ratio was less than 1, the target relative humidity decreased with the increasing ratio. Yet the target humidity of micro-environment changed little and the adsorption-desorption rate varied dramatically. Knowing the humidity control behavior of the composite paperboard is important for its application.
The Impact of λ/4 Type Absorber Protective Layer 's Thickness on Absorbing Properties
Authors: Zhao Hui Chao , Hao Wan Jun , Yi Ying Ying , Dong Yi Feng , Wu Fan , Wang Ming Ming , Chen Dong Wei
Published: January 2014

Abstract .Electromagnetic radiation affects normal operation of electronic devices and causes harm to human health, the use of electromagnetic radiation protective material, especially the electromagnetic wave absorption material, is an effective method for interference control and radiation protection, λ / 4 type dielectric absorber with a simple and practical nature, the protective layer should be added to ensure its durability in practice, this article discusses the gypsum board as the substrate, the thickness of conventional protective layer's material impacts on the absorbing properties. Studies show that: the position of absorption peak moves to lower frequency with increase of the protective layer's thickness by the theory and experiment, this paper puts forward the protective layer's thickness criterion's impact on the absorption characteristics, the thickness less than 0.05 cm has little effect on absorption characteristics in S band , which can simplify theoretical calculation and be convenient to select a material; when the thickness of the protective layer has a significant effect on absorption, the relationship among the parameters of absorber can be found according to theoretical simulation, thereby reducing or eliminating the impact of protective layer thickness on absorption characteristics.
Preparation and Property of a Bio-Char from De-Watered Sludge and Beer Lees
Authors: Zhang Yin Xin , Liu Hui , Ma Yi , Zhang Ji Shi
Published: January 2014

De-watered sludge (DS) and beer lees (BL) are mixed to be co-pyrolyzed into bio-char in this work. Bio-char was produced by heating at carbonization temperatures (550°C) with the ratio of DS to BL (1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1 and 4:1). Yield, ash content, FTIR, zeta potential and SEM of the bio-char were investigated. With temperature increasing, yield (39.4-57.3%, wt.%) decreased, while ash content (33.9-56.4%) increased in a high DS ratio, changing of the functional groups on bio-char (e.g., C=C, aromatic ring) in the co-pyrolysis process improve adsorption capacity for pollutant. Moreover, negative potentials (-10.583~-35.563 mV) of bio-char can provide breeding sites for microorganism and electrostatic attraction for heavy metal ions. The result showed this conversion could become a promising approach to dispose pollution problems, simultaneously, for the environmental remediation.
Research on Impact Property of 40Cr Steel under Different Tempering Conditions
Authors: Xiao Yi Qiang , Liu Sheng Xu , Kang Ming Long , Zeng Jian Min , Wang Guo An , Meng Qiu Hong , Deng Ying Zhang
Published: January 2014

40Cr is a kind of steel that is often used for semiaxis in heavy duty trucks, therefore high impact property of 40Cr steel is requested to adjust the heavy-duty machines working environment. In this study, the samples of 40Cr steel were heated under normal tempering temperature and quenched in air, water and oil, respectively. The experiments were carried out through charpy impact and microhardness analysis. It was indicated by experiments that water was more helpful to receive higher impact toughness as the tempering cooling medium than air and oil. At the same time, the intensity and hardness of 40Cr steel were enough to meet the heavy-duty machine semiaxis requirements.
The Electrochemistry Behaviour of Carbon Steel in 55% LiBr Solution with A-Mo Inhibitor
Authors: Li Jie Lan , Liang Cheng Hao , Huang Nai Bao
Published: January 2014

The inhibition effects of A-Mo inhibitor on corrosion of carbon steel in 55% LiBr solution were investigated using cyclic potentiodynamic polarization curves EIS experiments, Mott-Schottky analysis, SEM, EDAX and XRD methods. The results revealed that A-Mo inhibitor was capable of inhibiting the corrosion of carbon steel in 55%LiBr solution, exhibiting high inhibition efficiencies around 99.7%. A-Mo inhibitor promoted the formation of a protective passive film composed of Fe, Mo and O elements. The passive film improved the electrochemistry performance and enhanced corrosion resistance of carbon steel.
A New Type of Fluid Loss Additive P1301 for Oil Field Cementing
Authors: Xiao Qiang , Xiao Wen Fa , Liu Xin Xin , Dong Li Tao
Published: January 2014

A novel cement fluid loss additive P1301, which can resist high temperature and high salt content, was synthesized using the monomers of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulphonic acid (AMPS), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM) and n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) by the method of aqueous solution polymerization. Through the orthogonal experiment find the optimum process: the ratio of monomers AMPS: AA: AM: NVP at 4:3:2:1, reaction PH at 11, reaction temperature at 60°C and reaction time about 4 hours. The IR spectrum show that the polymer with the structure of all the monomers. The aging test, thermal performance test and the fluid loss performance testing show that the forpolymers P1301 has an excellent thermal stability that can be used in 240°Cand strong salt tolerance. The fluid loss additive P1301 has an excellent tolerance to salt and high temperature.
Effect of Heat Treatment Hardness of Al-Cu-Mg-Li-Zr, Al-Mg-Si and and Al-Mg-Zn Alloys-Experimental Correlation Using Factorial DOE and ANOVA Methods
Authors: Tash Mahmoud M. , Alkahtani Saleh
Published: January 2014

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the aging and mechanical behavior of Al-Cu-Mg-Li-Zr , Al-Mg-Si and and Al-Mg-Zn alloys (8090 , 6082 and 7075). The effect of cold work after solution treatment, aging parameters (time and temperature) on the microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. Attempts are made to determine the combined effect of cold work and aging treatment on the hardness, UTS and microstructure for these alloys. By study the impact of different heat treatments for Al-Mg-Si alloys (6082), Al-Cu-Mg-Li-Zr (8090) and Al-Mg-Zn (7075) aluminum alloys on the hardness and mechanical properties, it is possible to determine conditions necessary to achieve better mechanical properties and the maximum levels of hardness and values corresponding to those considered suitable for commercial applications of these alloys.Design of Experiment (DOE) method in Minitab is used to measure the impact of various factors and how they relate. Correlation between the hardness and different metallurgical factors for these alloys at both quantitative and qualitative are investigated and analysed. A statistical design of experiments (DOE) approach using fractional factorial design was applied to determine the influence of controlling variables of cold work and heat treatment parameters and any interactions between them on the hardness of the above alloys. A mathematical model is developed to relate the alloy hardness with the different metallurgical parameters to acquire an understanding of the effects of these variables and their interactions on the hardness of wrought Al-alloys. It is noticed that cold work, following solution treatment, accelerates the precipitation rate leading to a rise in strength
Influence of Microstructure and Stress Ratio on Fatigue Crack Propagation in TiAl Alloy
Authors: Zuo Yan Rui , Rui Zhi Yuan , Feng Rui Cheng , Luo De Chun , Yan Chang Feng
Published: January 2014

Based on the fatigue crack propagation experiments did by A.-L. Gloanec et al., the fatigue crack propagation rates of TiAl alloy of two processing routes, namely casting and PM, and stress ratios had been tested, in order to find out the effects of microstructure and stress ratio. An improved fatigue crack propagation formula for region Ⅱ (the expansion region) was derived according to Paris formula. The specific values of the constants in the formula were calculated. Fatigue crack propagation resistance of nearly fully lamellar microstructure is superior to that of equiaxed γ grain. The experimental results present that both microstructure and stress ratio has a significant influence on fatigue crack growth rate.
Calculations for Diffusion Probability and Diffusivity of Interstitial Atom in one Lattice for γ-TiAl Alloy
Authors: Zhang Guo Tao , Rui Zhi Yuan , Feng Rui Cheng , Yan Chang Feng
Published: January 2014

The motion of interstitial atoms (one of the point defects) in material is random under certain temperature. However, the diffusion of interstitial atoms has priority along some certain directions to the others, so it is necessary to reveal the phenomenon (the phenomenon also can be called anisotropic). In order to illustrate the anisotropic and reveal the magnitude of probability of the micro crack formation along crystal axes, some formulae derived from former literatures have been adopted, and the values of diffusion probability and diffusivity of interstitial atoms-Ti or Al along 〈110〉and〈100〉have been calculated. The conclusion that the diffusion of interstitial atoms along different crystal axis has different diffusivity is verified by the comparison of the results of calculations.
The Effect of Cr Addition on the Microstructure of TiNi: First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Zhang Wei Bing , Long Kai , Cheng Xiao
Published: January 2014

Based on the first-principles pseudo-potential plane wave method, the effect of Cr addition on the microstructure of NiTi alloys are characterized and assessed with the formation enthalpy (ΔH), binding energy (ΔE) and density of states (DOS) distribution of NiTi (Cr) crystals. The results show that the binding energy of NiTi (CrNi) is slightly smaller than that of NiTi (CrTi), but the formation enthalpy of NiTi (CrTi) is much smaller than that of NiTi (CrNi).So the Ms of NiTi alloy could be decreased by the addition of ratio for Ni/Ti. And the electronic microstucture of NiTi (CrNi) alloy are also illustrated clearly.
The Purification of ZL114A Alloy by Means of Bubble Floatation
Authors: Ge Ha Ran , Gan Wu Kui , Lu Jin Bo , Hu Zhi Liu , Cao De Guang , Yan Jian Lin , He Cui Yun , He Huan , Zeng Jian Min
Published: January 2014

According to the principle of bubble floatation, purification of ZL114 aluminum casting alloy has been studied by blowing nitrogen gas into the ZL114A alloy melt through the porous plug which can produce dispersed micro bubbles. 5 samples have been taken at 0 min, 2 min, 4 min, 6 min, 8 min and 10 min, respectively, to measure the hydrogen content through HYSCAN II hydrogen tester. The experiments results show that the removing effect of hydrogen is remarkable. The hydrogen removing efficiency reaches 85.7% when blowing lasts 4 minutes. The rate of hydrogen removing begins to decrease from 4 minutes to 10 minutes; the hydrogen removing efficiency gets to the maximum after 8 minutes. The inclusions are also removed with the removal of hydrogen.
Study of Damage Limit for Aluminum Alloy Plates with Surface Cracks under Cross-Thickness Bending
Authors: Yuan Hai Yang , Wu Yun Xin , Wu Zhong Huai , Liao Zhi Qi
Published: January 2014

A damage limit prediction model was built due to fracture failure problems of aluminum alloy plates. Based on the global plastic collapse of the entire cross-section containing the defect, the relationships of crack width and depth of fracturing 7075 aluminum alloy plates with either shallow crack or deep crack was analyzed by using reference stress method. The damage limit curves of 7075 aluminum alloy plates with crack was drew, and safety zone of crack propagation under corresponding bending load was confirmed. Then the experimental verification was carried out, results show that calculated results are in good agreement with the test results during the shallow crack stage, while in the deep crack stage experimental results are slightly less than calculated results.
Effect of Ultrasonic/Electromagnetic Energy-Field on Structure Andproperties of Cast-Rolled 3003 Aluminum Alloy Strips
Authors: Li Jian Ping , Yue Peng , Shi Chen
Published: January 2014

The plates under the compound energy field and the general ones were prepared by introducing ultrasonic and electromagnetic field at the key part of the cast-rolling area, and then the final aluminum strips with thickness of 0.27 mm were prepared through cold rolling and annealing. The microstructures and properties were investigated by optical microscope (OM), static/dynamic universal testing machine and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that by applying compound energy-field, grains are significantly refined and the mechanical properties are improved. Compared to the general cast-rolling strips, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of compound energy-field aluminum strips are improved by 32.93%, 38.91% and 6.25%, respectively.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy AZ61with 1%Sn Addition
Authors: Jun Chen , Li Quan An
Published: January 2014

The microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ61wtih1% Sn addition has been studied in this paper. The results show that the addition of 1% Sn can refine the grain size and improve the microstructure morphology of β-Mg17Al12phase. The addition of Sn can cause the formation of Mg2Sn phase in AZ61 alloy, which can effectively enhance the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ61 at room temperature and 150°C.
Epoxidation of Soybean Oil under Acid-Free Condition
Authors: Miao Yong Xia , Liu Jian Ping
Published: January 2014

Industrially the epoxidation of soybean oil utilize peracids as oxidizing agents together with strong mineral acids as catalyst. To avoid the corrosive waste and undesirable epoxy-ring opening as well as polymerization under acidic conditions, new green catalytic processes in acid-free system have been paid great attentions in recent years. In this paper, MoO3/Al2O3 simply prepared by impregnation method and mesoporous TS-1 prepared by one-pot hydrothermal method were evaluated as catalysts for the epoxidation of soybean oil with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Orthogonal experiment design was used to optimize the reaction conditions for MoO3/Al2O3 and the optimized conditions are as reaction temperature of 80°C, reaction time of 4h, the ratio of double bond to TBHP of 1:1.4, and the ratio of Ti to double bond of 1%. Higher than 55.8% of selectivity would be obtained. The synthesized meso-TS-1 displayed worse performance than expected result, only 27.6% of epoxy selectivity at conversion of 38.7%.