bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Phospholipase A2 Selectivity on POPC/POPG Membranes Using the Interaction Map
Authors: Alekseeva A. S. , Volynsky P. E. , Boldyrev I. A.
Published: August 2021

The regulation of the activity and selectivity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which is capable of cleaving fatty acid in the second position (sn-2) of the phospholipid, is carried out through the membrane-binding and catalytic sites of the enzyme. For hydrolytic activity, PLA2 must first bind to the phospholipid membrane, and the binding efficiency depends on the composition of the membrane. The membrane-binding site of PLA2 is formed by several tens of amino acids and its composition differs from enzyme to enzyme; hydrophobic and positively charged amino acids play a key role in the interaction. In this work, we investigated the interaction of PLA2 from bee venom with phospholipid bilayers of palmitoyl oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) containing different amounts of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylglycerol (POPG). On the basis of the measurements of the protein intrinsic fluorescence and the anisotropy of the fluorescence of the lipid probe we propose the construction of lipid–protein interaction maps, which reflect both the efficiency of protein binding and changes in the structure of the membrane. These changes cause alterations in the fluorescence anisotropy of the label, which in turn is a measure of the mobility of the lipid environment of the fluorescent probe. Analysis of interaction maps showed that there is a relationship between lipid mobility and enzyme binding efficiency: the optimum interaction of PLA2 with membranes from a POPC/POPG mixture lies in the region of the highest lipid mobility, and not in the region of the highest negative charge. This dependence complements the existing understanding of the process of recognition of the membrane surface by the enzyme and the selection of lipids by the enzyme already bound to the membrane. The proposed mapping method can be extended to other membrane-active proteins.
Effect of pine-based biochars with differing physiochemical properties on methane production, ruminal fermentation, and rumen microbiota in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) fed barley silage
Authors: Tamayao Paul , Ribeiro Gabriel O. , McAllister Tim A. , Ominski Kim H. , Saleem Atef M. , Yang Hee Eun , Okine Erasmus K. , McGeough Emma J.
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the effects of three pine-based biochar products on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and rumen microbiota in a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) fed a barley-silage-based total mixed ration (TMR). Treatments consisted of 10 g TMR supplemented with no biochar (control) and three different biochars (CP016, CP024, and CP028) included at 20 g·kg−1DM. Treatments were assigned to 16 fermenters (n = 4 per treatment) in two RUSITEC units in a randomized block design for a 17 d experimental period. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS, with treatment and day of sampling as fixed effects and RUSITEC unit and fermenters as random effects. Biochar did not affect nutrient disappearance (P > 0.05), nor total gas or CH4, irrespective of unit of expression. The volatile fatty acid, NH3-N, total protozoa, and microbial protein synthesis were not affected by biochar inclusion (P > 0.05). Alpha and beta diversity and rumen microbiota families were not affected by biochar inclusion (P > 0.05). In conclusion, biochar did not reduce CH4emissions nor affect nutrient disappearance, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, or rumen microbiota in the RUSITEC.
Vibration Characteristics of Hybrid Honeycomb Core Sandwich Structure with FG-CNT Reinforced Polymer Composite Faces under Various Thermal Fields
Authors: Swetha S. , Thamilselvi P. , Bhagat Vinod , Arunkumar M. P.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the free and forced vibration characteristics of a hybrid honeycomb core sandwich structure consisting of a top and bottom FG-CNT reinforced polymer composite face sheet in a thermal environment. Different thermal fields like the uniform, linear and nonlinear temperature fields in the thermal environment along the thickness direction are considered to study the dynamic characteristics of the hybrid honeycomb core sandwich structure. The mathematical model is developed using Hamilton’s principle along with the third-order shear deformation theory. Five unknown modal coefficients are found using the modal superposition principle to calculate the forced vibration response. From the free and forced vibration results, it is observed that the FG-V[Formula: see text] grading pattern face sheets with lower cell size honeycomb core and with higher cell wall thickness honeycomb core show better vibration characteristics. It is noticed that the sandwich structure with honeycomb core and FG-V[Formula: see text] CNT reinforced polymer composite face has a higher critical buckling temperature in the thermal environment. Furthermore, for different percentages of critical buckling temperature, the natural frequencies and vibrating patterns for uniform, linear and nonlinear temperature fields are the same for the sandwich structure with UD, FG-V[Formula: see text] and FG-[Formula: see text]V CNT reinforced polymer composite faces. In addition, the resonant peak of the sandwich structure with FG-V[Formula: see text] CNT reinforced polymer composite face in nonlinear temperature field shifts more toward the right, while that of the uniform temperature field shifts more toward the left in the velocity response.
Designing PEDOT-modified V6O13 nanosheet arrays for sodium storage
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Yichun , Jiang Guoqiang , Ni Jiangfeng , Li Liang
Published: August 2021

Vanadium oxides, such as V6O[Formula: see text], have a high theoretical capacity for sodium storage, but their performance faces the challenges of low conductivity and poor cycling stability caused by side reactions. To solve these problems, we report on the material design of self-supported nanosheet arrays coated with poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). In this design, the nanosheet architecture facilitates the electron and ion transport to boost the charge storage, while the PEDOT coating prevents the direct contact between the electrode nanosheet and the electrolyte, thus inhibiting the occurrence of side reactions. This PEDOT-modified nanosheet electrode exhibits a reversible capacity of 179 mAh g[Formula: see text] in the potential range of 1.5–3.8 V, and retains 66% of the initial capacity at a rate of 1 C for 100 cycles.
Response Suppression of Multiple Hinged Floating Structures by Using Rubber Cushion
Authors: Lu Ye , Shi Qijia , Chen Yuchao , Zheng Wenhui , Zhou Ye
Published: August 2021

A brand‐new rubber cushion is proposed in this paper, which is installed between hinged floating modules in order to reduce the relative motion of the pitch; meanwhile, the cushion can be used as a fender for anti‐impact in the docking process. Using the linear wave potential method, the structural dynamic model is formulated where the equivalent stiffness matrix for the rubber cushion is obtained by an integrating method employing linear assumption in addition to considering the heterogeneity of rubber. A numerical analysis is presented for a two‐module semisubmersible floating structure. The hydrodynamic responses and connector loads of the floating structures with a rubber cushion are analyzed by using the frequency domain approach in both regular and irregular waves. The topological design and stiffness parameter selection of the rubber cushion is studied. This work may provide a new idea for suppressing the pitch motion of multiple hinged floating structures.
Bidirectional Relationships among Children’s Perceived Competence, Motor Skill Competence, Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness across One School Year
Authors: Ryu Suryeon , Lee Jung Eun , Zeng Nan , Stodden David , McDonough Daniel J. , Liu Wenxi , Gao Zan
Published: August 2021

Purpose. The bidirectional associations among children’s motor skill competence (MSC), perceived competence (PC), physical activity (PA), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) over time remain unanswered. This study is aimed at discerning the bidirectional relationships among elementary school children’s MSC, PC, PA and, CRF over the course of one school year. Methods. A total of 261 second and third grade children (127 boys, 134 girls; meanage = 8.27 years; BMI = 18.22 ± 3.71) were recruited from two Texas elementary schools. Approximately 73.56% of participants were White American. Children’s baseline data were assessed in September/October in 2012 (Time1), and identical assessments were conducted in April/May in 2013 (Time2). MSC was assessed using product‐oriented skill tests (e.g., throw, kick, and jump). PC was assessed via the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence for Children. Minutes spent in moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers for five days, and CRF was assessed by the PACER test. Six age‐ and body mass index‐adjusted cross‐lagged panel models were used to test the relationships between the variables. Results. We observed that T1 MSC significantly predicted T2 MSC (β = 0.59; p < 0.01), T2 CRF (β = 0.28; p < 0.01), and T2 MVPA (β = 0.18; p < 0.01). Children’s CRF was a positive predictor for T2 CRF (β = 0.56; p < 0.01) and T2 MSC (β = 0.13; p < 0.05) Additionally, T1 MVPA significantly predicted T2 MVPA (β = 0.30; p < 0.01) and T2 PC (β = −0.14; p < 0.05). Conclusion. Findings suggested a fully bidirectional relationship between elementary children’s MSC and CRF. Other bidirectional relationships among the variables were only partially supported. Educators and health professionals need to emphasize the importance of developing both MSC and CRF to maintain physical health over time.
Power Prediction‐Based Model Predictive Control for Energy Management in Land and Air Vehicle with Turboshaft Engine
Authors: Wei Zhengchao , Ma Yue , Xiang Changle , Liu Dabo
Published: August 2021

In recent years, the green aviation technology draws more attention, and more hybrid power units have been applied to the aerial vehicles. To achieve the high performance and long lifetime of components during varied working conditions, the effective regulation of the energy management is necessary for the vehicles with hybrid power unit (HPU). In this paper, power prediction‐based model predictive control (P2MPC) for energy management strategy (EMS) is proposed for the vehicle equipped with HPU based on turboshaft engine in order to maintain proper battery’s state of charge (SOC) and decrease turboshaft engine’s exhaust gas temperature (EGT). First, a modeling approach based on data‐driven method is adopted to obtain the mathematical model of turboshaft engine considering time delay and inertial of states. An integrated power predictor consisting of the classification of input status and the subpredictors are developed based on the deep learning method to improve the accuracy of the prediction model of the model predictive control (MPC). Subsequently, an EMS based on MPC using the proposed power predictor is introduced to regulate the SOC of battery and the EGT of turboshaft engine. The comparison with experimental results shows the high accuracy of mathematical model of turboshaft engine. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed EMS for the vehicle, and the effects of different weight coefficients of objective function on the proposed EMS are discussed.
Differences in Immunological Landscape between EGFR-Mutated and Wild-Type Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Luo Jia-Wei , Guo Yan-Hua , Wu Feng-Ying , Li Xue-Fei , Sun Xue-Cheng , Wang Jia-Lu , Zhou Cai-Cun
Published: August 2021

Recent clinical trials of lung adenocarcinoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors revealed that lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutations have a poor response to immunotherapy. However, the mechanisms have not been addressed. We performed immunohistochemistry analyses of resected lung adenocarcinoma tissues with and without EGFR mutations to investigate and compare the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME). We retrospectively enrolled a total of 323 lung adenocarcinoma patients (164 had EGFR mutations), and their corresponding tissue samples were analyzed by the EGFR mutation test and immunohistochemistry. We selected the markers of the immune checkpoint molecule (PD1, PD-L1, and LAG-3) and immune cell (CD3, CD4, CD8, and Foxp3) as markers of the tumor microenvironment. Our results revealed that patients had a distinct tumor microenvironment between EGFR-mutant and wild-type lung adenocarcinomas; the expression of CD3, CD4, PD-L1, and Foxp3 in EGFR-mutant tumors was significantly higher than that in wild-type tumors, while the expression of LAG3 and PD-1 showed a positive correlation with EGFR-wild-type tumors. In survival analysis, EGFR-wild-type patients had longer disease-free survival (DFS) than EGFR-mutant patients (

P
=
0.0065

). Our research demonstrates significant differences in tumor microenvironment composition between EGFR-mutant and wild-type patients. Our findings provide novel evidence that contributes to understanding the mechanism underlying the poor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
An IoT-Based Water Level Detection System Enabling Fuzzy Logic Control and Optical Fiber Sensor
Authors: Zheng Yani , Dhiman Gaurav , Sharma Ashutosh , Sharma Amit , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: August 2021

The usage of wireless sensors has become widespread for the collection of data for various Internet of Things (IoT) products. Specific wireless sensors use optical fiber technology as transmission media and lightwave signals as carriers, showing the advantages of antielectromagnetic interference, high sensitivity, and strong reliability. Hence, their application in IoT systems becomes a research hotspot. In this article, multiple optical fiber sensors are constructed as an IoT detection system, and a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) communication stack is used for the sensor module. Furthermore, design of gateway module, data server, and monitoring module is established in order to run the data server in the Windows system and communicate across the network segments. Furthermore, the optical fiber sensor is connected to the development board with WiFi, meanwhile considering the optical fiber wireless network’s congestion problem. The fuzzy logic concept is introduced from the perspective of cache occupancy, and a fiber sensor’s network congestion control algorithm is proposed. In the experiment, the IoT detection system with multiple optical fiber sensors is used for water level detection, and the sensor’s real-time data detected by the User Interface (UI) are consistent with the feedback results. The proposed method is also compared with the SenTCP algorithm and the CODA algorithm, and it was observed that the proposed network congestion control algorithm based on the fuzzy logic can improve network throughput and reduce the network data packet loss.
Minimal One‐Third Incision and Four‐Step (MOTIF) Excision Method for Lipoma
Authors: Park Joseph Kyu-hyung , Kim Jinhyun , Kim Jong-Ho , Eun Seokchan
Published: August 2021

Excision is the gold standard for lipomas. Patients desire minimal scars, but minimal incisions can increase complications and produce hypertrophic scars. We propose an algorithmic method named the minimal one‐third incision and four‐step extraction method (MOTIF) for lipoma excision. This retrospective study analyzed lipomas surgically excised using the MOTIF method at our institution between January 2016 and December 2018. A total of 112 lipomas were included. The complication rates and Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) for three different size groups (<3 cm, 3 ~ 6 cm, >6 cm) were compared. Complete excision of all palpable lipomas was achieved with this approach. There were two seromas, two hematomas, and one postoperative nerve injury. There was no difference in complication rates and VSS between the three size groups. The MOTIF method is a cost‐effective, reliable, and cosmetically pleasing method that can be applied to all lipomas regardless of size and location.
The Integrated Development Strategy of Coastal Industrial Areas and City Based on Underground Space Development
Authors: Shao Feng , Shi Pingyang , Ding Yusheng , Dong Ce
Published: August 2021

As a crucial node of Qingdao’s construction of a modern international metropolis, a topnotch marine port, a demonstration zone for local economic and trade cooperation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), and an international shipping trade financial innovation center, the Qingdao Cruise Port warrants transformation to adapt to the future development of Qingdao city. Besides, with the constant increase in the intensity of urban underground space (UUS) development in Qingdao, the organic integration of underground space reconstruction and urban development in the cruise port area must be accentuated. Taking the underground space development project in Qingdao Cruise Port as the background, this study analyzes the multidimensional development and utilization of underground space in the project (the functional distribution of the two-dimensional plane and the stereo integration of the three-dimensional space). In addition, this study explores strategies to promote the organic integration of industrial areas and cities through underground space development. Expanding the research field of UUS, this study provides reference cases for the transformation of old industrial areas in other coastal cities.
[Retracted] Stakeholders’ Viewpoints toward Blockchain Integration within IoT‐Based Smart Cities
Authors: Alasbali Nada , Azzuhri Saaidal Razalli Bin , Salleh Rosli
Published: August 2021

This study intends to assess the development of IoT‐based smart cities industry and the possibilities of blockchain integration from the perspective of industry stakeholders as the vision for a modern, integrated smart city future is predicated upon intelligence and the relationship between data‐rich connections and human activities. Although this ideal of an interconnected urban landscape is currently being tested and actively used by consumers spanning a range of connected nodes and service solutions, the scalability, interoperability, and security of this emergent cyber‐physical ideal has yet to be adequately resolved. This study used an exploratory study design following a mixed method design approach. A structured questionnaire survey (quantitative) and interviews (qualitative) were conducted for collecting data. IBM SPSS was used for the analysis of the data, which computed descriptive statistics, cross‐tabulation, Pearson correlation, and ANOVA for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. Through an empirical assessment of the perceptions and expertise of 122 stakeholders from within the worldwide IoT smart city industry, conceptual support for blockchain integration into the IoT solution was acquired, highlighting the solution‐oriented, system‐centered advantages of a decentralised, autonomous data management backbone that could be applied to future IoT‐based smart city solutions. To meet the broad and diversified needs of the smart city and its future evolution, this study has confirmed that a commitment to decentralisation and blockchain intermediary data management is critical to scalable, secure, and autonomous negotiations of the IoT‐enabled smart city networks.
Optimization Model of Network‐Level Pavement Maintenance Decision considering User Travel Time and Vehicle Fuel Consumption Costs
Authors: Chen Leilei , Fan Zepeng , Liu Pengfei , Qian Zhendong
Published: August 2021

The maintenance management decisions of network‐level asphalt pavements have long been a challenge to highway agencies, and a great amount of factors have been involved. In this study, a network‐level optimization method was established by integrating the maintenance benefits into the zero‐one programming optimization model. An optimized performance evaluation method of asphalt pavement was proposed which contains 11 different kinds of combinations. The benefit model quantifies the cost savings of user travel time and vehicle fuel consumption to the pavement condition index (PCI) and ride quality index (RQI), respectively. Based on the simplified evaluation method as well as the quantified maintenance benefit model, an optimization model was established by employing the zero‐one programming. This optimization model aimed to maximize the improvements/price ratio of pavement maintenance for the whole pavement network. The calculation results present the optimal strategies of maintenance for every road section in the network. The applicability of the newly proposed model was validated by a case study. The methodology developed in this study helps to offer guidelines to highway agencies in managing and making decisions about network‐level pavement maintenance.
Bilateral Lipoadenoma of the Adrenal Glands and Humeral Brown Tumor: An Unusual Association
Authors: Messaoudi N. , Bouichrat N. , Karrou M. , Assarrar I. , Malki S. , Elmahjoubi S. , Rouf S. , Karich N. , Lachkar A. , Sefiani S. , Bouziane M. , Kamaoui I. , Latrech H.
Published: August 2021

Adrenal adenolipomas are rare lipomatous adrenal tumors that can be either functional or not. Only 7 cases have been reported in the English literature so far. However, brown tumors are benign, rare, historical lesions, with histological similarity to giant tumors that can be encountered in 1% of all primary hyperparathyroidism cases. We report the case of an unusual association of bilateral lipoadenoma of the adrenal glands and humeral brown tumor in a 35-year-old patient. He presented to the emergency department with a pathological fracture of the left humerus secondary to a brown tumor. The medical investigations have concluded to primary hyperparathyroidism. The screening for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 revealed the presence of bilateral nonsecreting adrenal masses whose anatomopathological study concluded adenolipomas. Adrenal tumors may constitute a part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in 20 to 40% of cases. In this view, it is necessary to check for the presence of other endocrine gland tumor locations such as primary hyperparathyroidism, neuroendocrine tumors of the duodenum and pancreas, or pituitary adenomas.
Endogenous Taurine Downregulation Is Required for Renal Injury in Salt‐Sensitive Hypertensive Rats via CBS/H2S Inhibition
Authors: Huang Pan , Huang Yaqian , Lv Boyang , Zhang Heng , Liu Jia , Yang Guosheng , Tao Yinghong , Bu Dingfang , Wang Guang , Du Junbao , Jin Hongfang
Published: August 2021

Although taurine is known to exert an antihypertensive effect, it is unclear whether it is involved in the mechanism for hypertension‐related target organ injury. To reveal the role of endogenous taurine in renal injury formation during salt‐sensitive hypertension and clarify its mechanisms, both salt‐sensitive Dahl rats and salt‐resistant SS‐13BN rats were fed a high‐salt diet (8% NaCl) and given 2% taurine for 6 weeks. Rat systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by the tail‐cuff method and artery catheterization. Kidney ultrastructure was observed under an electron microscope. Taurine content and mRNA and protein levels of taurine synthases, cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), were decreased in Dahl rats fed a high‐salt diet. However, taurine supplementation and the resulting increase in renal taurine content reduced the increased SBP and improved renal function and structural damage in high‐salt diet‐fed Dahl rats. In contrast, taurine did not affect SS‐13BN SBP and renal function and structure. Taurine intervention increased the renal H2S content and enhanced cystathionine‐β‐synthase (CBS) expression and activity in Dahl rats fed a high‐salt diet. Taurine reduced the renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone contents and the levels of oxidative stress indices in Dahl rat renal tissues but increased antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and protein expression. However, taurine failed to achieve this effect in the renal tissue of SS‐13BN rats fed a high‐salt diet. Pretreatment with the CBS inhibitor HA or renal CBS knockdown inhibited H2S generation and subsequently blocked the effect of taurine on renin, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) levels in high‐salt‐stimulated Dahl renal slices. In conclusion, the downregulation of endogenous taurine production resulted in a decrease in the renal CBS/H2S pathway. This decrease subsequently promoted renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) activation and oxidative stress in the kidney, ultimately contributing to renal injury in salt‐sensitive Dahl rats.
[Retracted] High‐Throughput Screen of Natural Compounds and Biomarkers for NSCLC Treatment by Differential Expression and Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA)
Authors: Kui Ling , Li Min , Yang Xiaonan , Yang Ling , Kong Qinghua , Pan Yunbing , Xu Zetan , Wang Shouling , Mo Dandan , Dong Yang , Liu Yao , Miao Jianhua
Published: August 2021

Lung cancer is known as the leading cause which presents the highest fatality rate worldwide; non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type of lung carcinoma with high severity and affects 80% of patients with lung malignancies. Up to now, the general treatment for NSCLC includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy; however, some therapeutic drugs and approaches could cause side effects and weaken the immune system. The combination of conventional therapies and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) significantly improves treatment efficacy in lung cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the chemical composition and underlying antitumor mechanisms of TCM, so as to get a better understanding of the potential natural ingredient for lung cancer treatment. In this study, we selected 78 TCM to treat NSCLC cell line (A549) and obtained 92 transcriptome data; differential expression and WGCNA were applied to screen the potential natural ingredient and target genes. The sample which was treated with A. pierreana generated the most significant DEG set, including 6130 DEGs, 2479 upregulated, and 3651 downregulated. KEGG pathway analyses found that four pathways (MAPK, NF‐kappa B, p53, and TGF‐beta signaling pathway) were significantly enriched; 16 genes were significantly regulated in these four pathways. Interestingly, some of them such as EGFR, DUSP4, IL1R1, IL1B, MDM2, CDKNIA, and IDs have been used as the target biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. In addition, classified samples into 14 groups based on their pharmaceutical effects, WGCNA was used to identify 27 modules. Among them, green and darkgrey were the most relevant modules. Eight genes in the green module and four in darkgrey were identified as hub genes. In conclusion, we screened out three new TCM (B. fruticose, A. pierreana, and S. scandens) that have the potential to develop natural anticancer drugs and obtained the therapeutic targets for NSCLC therapy. Our study provides unique insights to screen the natural components for NSCLC therapy using high‐throughput transcriptome analysis.
A Novel Way to Generate Adversarial Network Traffic Samples against Network Traffic Classification
Authors: Hu Yongjin , Tian Jin , Ma Jun
Published: August 2021

Network traffic classification technologies could be used by attackers to implement network monitoring and then launch traffic analysis attacks or website fingerprint attacks. In order to prevent such attacks, a novel way to generate adversarial samples of network traffic from the perspective of the defender is proposed. By adding perturbation to the normal network traffic, a kind of adversarial network traffic is formed, which will cause misclassification when the attackers are implementing network traffic classification with deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) as a classification model. The paper uses the concept of adversarial samples in image recognition for reference to the field of network traffic classification and chooses several different methods to generate adversarial samples of network traffic. The experiment, in which the LeNet‐5 CNN is selected as a classification model used by attackers and Vgg16 CNN is selected as the model to test the transferability of the adversarial network traffic generated, shows the effect of the adversarial network traffic samples.
Some New Codes on the
k
–
Fibonacci Sequence
Authors: Hashemi M. , Mehraban E.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we define and study the

k
–

Fibonacci sequence matrix for

k
≥
3

. By these obtained results, we introduce some new codes on

k
–

Fibonacci sequence.
Research on Internal and External Split Ratio of Double-Sided Rotor Permanent Magnet Motor Based on Copper Consumption Density and Current Density
Authors: Liu Kai , Zhang Bingyi , Feng Guihong
Published: August 2021

In the traditional split ratio optimization of double-sided rotor permanent magnet motors (DSRPMM), the typical thermal constraint condition is that the total copper consumption of the motor is fixed. This method can only constrain the overall temperature rise of the motor to a certain extent, but it is limited to restrain the local short-time heating of the winding. On the basis of the heat dissipation mode and external size of the motor, an optimal design method of the split ratio based on copper consumption density and current density is presented in this paper. The method restricts the whole heating of the motor and the local short-time heating of the winding by limiting the copper consumption density and current density. The thermal is used as the electromagnetic torque boundary. By analyzing the relationship between the electromagnetic torque and the split ratio, the expression of the optimal split ratio based on the maximum electromagnetic torque is derived. The analysis model is established by using the finite element tool, and the accuracy of the expression is proved. Based on the analysis results, a DSRPMM prototype is made and the experimental test is carried out. The experimental results of the prototype demonstrate the accuracy of the optimal design method of the split ratio based on copper consumption density and current density. The research of this paper provides a theoretical basis for improving the accuracy and reliability of the DSRPMM design.
Identification of Immune-Related Genes in Sepsis due to Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Li Yanyan , Wang Jiqin , Li Yuzhen , Liu Chunyan , Gong Xia , Zhuang Yifei , Chen Liang , Sun Keyu
Published: August 2021

Background. Immunosuppression has a key function in sepsis pathogenesis, so it is of great significance to find immune-related markers for the treatment of sepsis. Methods. Datasets of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with sepsis from the ArrayExpress database were extracted. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the CAP group and normal group by Limma package were performed. After calculation of immune score through the ESTIMATE algorithm, the DEGs were selected between the high immune score group and the low immune score group. Enrichment analysis of the intersected DEGs was conducted. Further, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) of the intersected DEGs was drawn by Metascape tools. Related publications of the key DEGs were searched in NCBI PubMed through Biopython models, and RT-qPCR was used to verify the expression of key genes. Results. 360 intersected DEGs (157 upregulated and 203 downregulated) were obtained between the two groups. Meanwhile, the intersected DEGs were enriched in 157 immune-related terms. The PPI of the DEGs was performed, and 8 models were obtained. In sepsis-related research, eight genes were obtained withdegree≥10, included in the models. Conclusion. CXCR3, CCR7, HLA-DMA, and GPR18 might participate in the mechanism of CAP with sepsis.
A Hybrid Deep Neural Network for Electricity Theft Detection Using Intelligent Antenna‐Based Smart Meters
Authors: Ullah Ashraf , Javaid Nadeem , Yahaya Adamu Sani , Sultana Tanzeela , Al-Zahrani Fahad Ahmad , Zaman Fawad
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a hybrid model, named as hybrid deep neural network, which combines convolutional neural network, particle swarm optimization, and gated recurrent unit, termed as convolutional neural network‐particle swarm optimization‐gated recurrent unit model. The major aims of the model are to perform accurate electricity theft detection and to overcome the issues in the existing models. The issues include overfitting and inability of the models to handle imbalanced data. For this purpose, the electricity consumption data of smart meters is taken from state grid corporation of China. An electric utility company gathers the data from the intelligent antenna‐based smart meters installed at the consumers’ end. The dataset contains real‐time data with missing values and outliers. Therefore, it is first preprocessed to get the refined data followed by feature engineering for selection and extraction of the finest features from the dataset using convolutional neural network. The classification of electricity consumers is performed by dividing them into honest and fraudulent classes using the proposed particle swarm optimization‐gated recurrent unit model. The proposed model is evaluated by performing simulations in terms of several performance measures that include accuracy, area under the curve, F1‐score, recall, and precision. The comparison between the proposed hybrid deep neural network and benchmark models is also performed. The benchmark models include gated recurrent unit, long short term memory, logistic regression, support vector machine, and genetic algorithm‐based gated recurrent unit. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid deep neural network model is more efficient in handling class imbalanced issues and performing electricity theft detection. The robustness, accuracy, and generalization of the model are also analyzed in the proposed work.
Forecasting Stock Market Volatility Using Hybrid of Adaptive Network of Fuzzy Inference System and Wavelet Functions
Authors: Alenezy Abdullah H. , Ismail Mohd Tahir , Wadi S. Al , Tahir Muhammad , Hamadneh Nawaf N. , Jaber Jamil J. , Khan Waqar A.
Published: August 2021

This study aims to model and enhance the forecasting accuracy of Saudi Arabia stock exchange (Tadawul) data patterns using the daily stock price indices data with 2026 observations from October 2011 to December 2019. This study employs a nonlinear spectral model of maximum overlapping discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) with five mathematical functions, namely, Haar, Daubechies (Db), Least Square (LA-8), Best localization (BL14), and Coiflet (C6) in conjunction with adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). We have selected oil price (Loil) and repo rate (Repo) as input values according to correlation, the Engle and Granger Causality test, and multiple regressions. The input variables in this study have been collected from Saudi Authority for Statistics and Saudi Central Bank. The output variable is obtained from Tadawul. The performance of the proposed model (MODWT-LA8-ANFIS) is evaluated in terms of mean error (ME), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Also, we have compared the MODWT-LA8-ANFIS model with traditional models, which are autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and ANFIS model. The obtained results show that the performance of MODWT-LA8-ANFIS is better than that of the traditional models. Therefore, the proposed forecasting model is capable of decomposing in the stock markets.
Simultaneous Engagement of Tumor and Stroma Targeting Antibodies by Engineered NK-92 Cells Expressing CD64 Controls Prostate Cancer Growth
Authors: Hintz Hallie M. , Snyder Kristin M. , Wu Jianming , Hullsiek Robert , Dahlvang James D. , Hart Geoffrey T. , Walcheck Bruce , LeBeau Aaron M.
Published: August 2021

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has been largely resistant to immunotherapy. Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that detect and kill transformed cells without prior sensitization, and their infiltration into prostate tumors corresponds with an increased overall survival among patients with mCRPC. We sought to harness this knowledge to develop an approach to NK-cell based immunotherapy for mCRPC. We engineered an NK cell line (NK-92MI) to express CD64, the sole human high-affinity IgG Fcγ receptor (FcγR1), and bound these cells with antibodies to provide interchangeable tumor-targeting elements. NK-92MICD64 cells were evaluated for cell-activation mechanisms and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). A combination of mAbs was used to target the prostate tumor antigen tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TROP2) and the cancer-associated fibroblast marker fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP). We found that CD64, which is normally expressed by myeloid cells and associates with the adaptor molecule FcRγ, can be expressed by NK-92MI cells and mediate ADCC through an association with CD3ζ. Cytotoxicity from the combination approach was two-fold higher compared to treatment with NK-92MICD64 cells and either mAb alone, and seven-fold higher than NK-92MICD64 cells alone at an effector–target cell ratio of 20:1. The cytotoxic effect was lost when using isotype control antibodies, indicating a selective targeting mechanism. The combination approach demonstrated efficacy in vivo as well and significantly reduced tumor growth compared with the saline control. This combination therapy presents a potential approach for treating mCRPC and could improve immunotherapy response.
Survey of the Use of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Cholesteatoma in the United Kingdom
Authors: Sharma Sunil Dutt , Hariri Ahmad , Lingam Ravi Kumar , Singh Arvind
Published: August 2021

Background: Non-echoplanar diffusion-weighted MRI (DWMRI) has a role in the surgical planning for cholesteatoma. Aims/Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the use of DWMRI in the management of cholesteatoma across the UK, and measure clinicians’ confidence in the use of DWMRI. Materials and Methods: Telephone survey in 139 Otolaryngology Departments in the United Kingdom between March 2017 and July 2017, and asking radiology delegates at the British Society of Head and Neck Imaging 2017 meeting. Results: The response rate was 101 out of 139 Trusts (73%). Of those respondents who did have DWMRI available, 68/88 respondents (77%) use it for cholesteatoma. The mean confidence (±standard deviation) of the respondents with DWMRI in identifying cholesteatoma presence was 7.3 ± 2.1, in identifying volume of cholesteatoma was 6.8 ± 1.8, and in identifying subsites of cholesteatoma was 4.6 ± 2.1. Conclusions and Significance: DWMRI has a well-defined role in the follow-up of patients after cholesteatoma surgery, and those primary cases of cholesteatoma where the diagnosis is in question. The use of DWMRI for cholesteatoma is variable across the UK, but there are certain clinical scenarios where there is not enough awareness regarding the benefits of imaging (such as petrous apex cases of cholesteatoma).
Association of Elevated Serum Tryptase with Cutaneous Photodamage and Skin Cancers
Authors: Komulainen Jenni , Siiskonen Hanna , Harvima Ilkka T.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Mast cells and their major protein, the serine proteinase tryptase, can be involved in cutaneous photodamage and carcinogenesis. The serum test of tryptase (S-tryptase) measures total tryptase protein (active tryptase and inactive protryptases), and S-tryptase is elevated in a variety of diseases, for example, in mastocytosis and α-tryptasemia. Objectives: The objective of this study is to study whether S-tryptase is a marker of cutaneous photodamage and carcinogenesis. Methods: Adult subjects (n = 399, aged 21–79) evaluated to be at risk for skin cancers were recruited at the dermatological policlinic and examined for photodamage severity, mole count, actinic keratoses (AKs), skin cancers, and immunosuppression (IS). A blood sample was analyzed for S-tryptase using the ImmunoCAP® Tryptase fluoroenzymeimmunoassay. Results: There was no difference in S-tryptase between non-IS (n = 321) and IS (n = 78) subjects or between genders. S-tryptase correlated slightly to photodamage and AKs in 321 non-IS subjects, and this association can be related, in part, to the age of subjects. In 34 subjects, S-tryptase was elevated (≥13.5 ng/mL), and in 20 males, but not in 14 females, the photodamage level was significantly (p = 0.031) more severe than in 179 males with normal S-tryptase. In contrast, there were more frequently subjects (n = 12) with past or present skin cancer (basal or squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma) in 14 females with elevated S-tryptase than in 186 female controls. So far, no explanation has been found for the elevated S-tryptase. Conclusion: There are significant associations between elevated S-tryptase and skin carcinogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear and gender differences can exist.
Assessing Light and Energy-Based Therapy by Optical Coherence Tomography and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy: A Randomized Trial of Photoaged Skin
Authors: Mogensen Mette , Hendel Kristoffer , Ung Vilde , Wenande Emily , Togsverd-Bo Katrine , Forman Julie L. , Haedersdal Merete
Published: August 2021

Background and Objectives: Image-guided quantitative and semi-quantitative assessment of skin can potentially evaluate treatment efficacy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) are ideal for this purpose. This study assessed clinically relevant statistical changes in RCM and OCT features in photoaged skin after light and energy-based therapy. Methods: Novel statistical analyses were performed using OCT and RCM data collected during a previously published trial: a 12-week study of female décolleté skin randomized to four areas treated with thulium laser (L), photodynamic therapy (PDT), combined L-PDT, and control. Eight semi-quantitative RCM scores of photodamage and OCT measurements of skin roughness, blood flow, and epidermal thickness (ET) were evaluated and compared to dermoscopy and clinical skin scores. In statistical analysis, estimated treatment difference (ETD) was calculated. Results: Twelve women with moderate to severe photodamage were included. RCM and OCT data demonstrated a trend towards rejuvenation of epidermis with increased ET, changes in skin surface, and improved honeycomb pattern in RCM. In angiographic OCT, non-significant changes towards more regular capillary meshes were shown, which matched a decline in appearance of gross telangiectasias in dermoscopy. Improved skin tone after laser and L-PDT was identified in RCM, showing less edged papillae in 36% and 45%, and lentigo number declined in 55% of patients after treatments in dermoscopy. Based on clinical scores, L-PDT provided the greatest clinical improvement, which corresponded to superior ETD outcomes in ET and edged papillae shown in OCT and RCM, respectively. Conclusion: Objective OCT and RCM assessment of skin rejuvenation was demonstrated in this study. Importantly, image-based improvements corresponded to favorable clinical skin scores and fewer photoaging characteristics in dermoscopy. Importantly, most changes did not reach statistical significance, prompting further studies and emphasizing the modest value of non-randomized, non-blinded anti-aging trials.
The Impact of Exogenous Estrogen Exposure on the Characteristics and Outcome of Estrogen Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Yariv Orly , Mutai Raz , Rotem Ofer , Tsoref Daliah , Korzets Yasmin , Moore Assaf , Shochat Tzippy , Yerushalmi Rinat , Goldvaser Hadar
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The impact of exogenous estrogen exposure on breast cancer characteristics and outcomes is not well described. We aimed to investigate the effect of prior treatment with oral contraceptives (OCT), hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and fertility treatments on early-stage, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort study comprising all women with ER-positive, HER2-negative, early breast cancer whose tumors were sent to Oncotype DX analysis between 2005 and 2012. Data on prior exposures to OCT, HRT, and fertility treatments were collected. The impact of these exposures on prespecified histopathological features was assessed including tumor size, nodal status, intensity of the hormonal receptors, grade, Oncotype recurrence score, Ki67, and lymphovascular and perineural invasion. The impact of these exposures on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was also evaluated. Results: A total of 620 women were included, of which 19% had prior exposure to OCT, 30% to HRT, and 11% to fertility treatments. OCT use was associated with smaller (≤1 cm) tumors (p = 0.023) and were less likely to have grade 3 disease (p = 0.049). No other associations were found between exogenous estrogen exposure and tumor characteristics. Median follow-up was 10.4 years. Ten-year DFS was 85.7%, and it was not influenced by exogenous exposure. Ten-year OS was 90.2%, and OCT was associated with improved OS in univariate analysis (HR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11–0.85), but this difference did not remain significant in multivariate analysis (p = 0.275). Conclusion: The impact of exogenous estrogen exposure on ER-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer characteristics is limited. In the long term, none of the evaluated exposures had negative effect on DFS and OS.
Espaços de consumo em tempos de Covid-19
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas
Published: August 2021

Este livro apresenta a contextualização geográfica do consumo na tragédia da covid-19, propondo alternativas reflexivas e de compreensão dessa questão em diferentes matizes. Ressalta-se que é dever da Geografia reconhecer como os novos direcionamentos da produção-consumo-trabalho, no contexto da pandemia, afeta, variavelmente, a vida dos sujeitos (seu corpo, mente, vida cotidiana), conforme a classe social, os setores da sociedade, a produção das localizações e os usos e apropriações do território no mundo capitalista e no auge da sua tecnificação. O atual momento do planeta coloca entre parênteses não somente a relação de cada indivíduo com o próprio mundo, mas como se interpreta o dito mundo. É nessa relação entre sujeito x trabalho x mundo feito pelo sujeito no trabalho (substituído homem por sujeito), que se orienta a crise e, concomitantemente, emergem as atuais demandas de um novo olhar geográfico para o mundo do trabalho. Esse novo esforço interpretativo é realizado neste livro, à luz dos espaços de consumo em tempos de Covid-19.