bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the morphometric characteristics of jujube types (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) fruits in Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Markovski Aleksandar , Velkoska-Markovska Lence
Published: May 2015

In the period 2002-2004 have been studied 131 Jujube types in the
experimental orchards of Agricultural Institute in Skopje. They are progeny
derived from six varieties of Jujube: Zu tao czao, Da baj czao, Kitajski 2A,
Wild midleasiatic jujube type, Ja czao, Vahshski 45-2. The seeds of these
varieties were obtained by open pollination. Studies were done on the 7-9
aged plants in full fertility. Characteristics of fruits, fruit dimensions
and mass of fruit were determined. It was established that the variety
Kitajski 2A has the largest fruits (13.1 g). The progeny of the same variety
(Kitajski 2A) is characterized with the largest fruits (8.9 g), and the
progeny of the variety with the smallest fruits between varity-mothers - Da
baj czao is characterized with the smallest fruits (6.3 g). The type 21/6 has
an average the largest fruits (22.2 g), while the smallest are the fruits of
the type 16/4 (1.8 g). The fruits from type 21/6 are bigger than fruits of
the biggest Jujube variety introduced in R Macedonia -Ta jan czao.
The comparison of phenotypic characteristics of current varieties and wild species of Fragaria
Authors: Skender Azra , Ajdinovic Tea , Becirspahic Dinko
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to compare the major pomological and antioxidant
properties of fruits which are comparatively studied in wild strawberry
(Fragaria vesca L.), taken from natural habitats and commercially important
varieties that are grown in the Una - Sana Canton (Bosnia and Herzegovina):
Marmolada, Clery, Maya, Arosa and Elsanta. The aim was also to point out the
potential superiority of the wild forms, how rich they are in vitamin C,
phenol and anthocyanin, in order to be considered as a potential source of
natural antioxidants. The results of analyzing the contents of vitamin C and
the total phenols of fruit indicate that a wild strawberry has significantly
higher antioxidant content of these components than all the commercial
varieties tested. The content of vitamin C in fruits of a wild strawberry was
72 mg/100g and the phenol content 94.8 mg/100g. Their inclusion in breeding
programs can provide significant potential to create varieties which will
possess a better fruit quality with a higher content of antioxidant
components. A wild strawberry is a significant genetic potential of
particular importance for conservation and biodiversity of certain areas, as
well as for the selection and breeding of cultivated fruit trees. The highest
content of the total anthocyanin of fruit is registered in Marmolada (134.7
mg/100g).
Correlation and path coefficient analysis in Jatropha curcas L.
Authors: Maurya Ramanuj , Kumar Umesh , Katiyar Ratna , Kumar Yadav
Published: May 2015

Correlation and path analysis on 80 diverse accessions of J. curcas showed
that seed weight/plant was significantly and positively associated with
female flower/plant, male flower/plant, number of flower/plant, number of
seed/plant, fruit weight/plant, seed width and negatively associated with oil
content. Oil content was negatively and significantly correlated with all the
traits studied with strong negative association with female flower/plant
followed by male flower/plant, number of seed/plant, fruit weight/plant and
seed weight/plant. Male flower per plant had the maximum direct effect on
seed yield, followed by number of seeds/plant, seed width, number of
fruits/plant and oil content. The results of the present investigations
suggests that selection in J. curcas based on male flower/plant, number of
fruit/plant, number of seeds/plant, seed width and oil content would be
advantageous to achieve the desirable goals. The indirect selection through
other component traits would also be rewarding to improve the seed yield.
Changes of antioxidative enzymes in Impatiens walleriana L. shoots in response to genetic transformation
Authors: Milosevic Snezana , Lojic Milena , Antonic Dragana , Cingel Aleksandar , Subotic Angelina
Published: May 2015

Impatiens walleriana L. shoots were inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes
A4M70GUS and the effects of genetic transformation on the catalase (CAT),
superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) activities in wounded region
of stems and unwounded leaves were evaluated 10, 24, 240 and 720 hours after
inoculation. Following Agrobacterum infection activities of plant
antioxidative enzymes changed in a time-dependent manner indicating that
dynamic processes occurred during plant-Agrobacterium interaction, plant
cell transformation and formation of hairy roots. Appearance of hairy roots
on wound sites of shoots was observed ten days after inoculation with A.
rhizogenes and the root induction frequency was 100%. Among selected hairy
root lines significant differences in growth rate and biomass production were
observed and an average 3-fold increase in biomass production was observed
for the best growing hairy root line compared with the untransformed roots.
PCR analysis showed presence of uidA, rolB, rolC and rolD genes in all
analyzed I. walleriana L. hairy root lines, while amplification fragment of
rolA gene was detected in 83.3% transformed lines. Efficient transformation
protocol for I. walleriana L described in this work offer possibilities to
generate hairy root cultures for in vitro propagation of plant viruses.
Genotype variability in composition of antioxidant vitamins and minerals in vegetable amaranth
Authors: Sarker Umakanta , Islam Tofazzal , Rabbani Golam , Oba Shinya
Published: May 2015

Twenty five vegetable amaranth genotypes were evaluated to investigate the
antioxidant vitamins and minerals composition and its genetic variability in
a RCBD with three replications at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Agricultural University in Bangladesh during kharif1 season 2012 and 2013,
respectively. Significant Mean Sum of Square revealed a wide range of
genotypic variability among traits. Vegetable amaranth was rich in iron,
zinc, manganese, magnesium and potassium. Ten strains gave the best (more
than 5 kg) foliage yield with rich in antioxidant minerals and vitamins.
Selection of these genotypes would be economically useful for antioxidant
vitamins, minerals and yield aspects. On the other hand, eight genotypes had
high amounts of antioxidant vitamins and minerals with below average foliage
yield and could be utilized as donor parents for introgression of genes in
vitamins and minerals deficient lines. Considering genetic parameter six
traits i e., Fe, Zn, Mn, ascorbic acid, number of leaves plant and foliage
yield would be selected for the improvement of vegetable amaranth genotypes
under study. However, correlation study revealed that selection based on Fe,
Mn, ascorbic acid and number of leaves per plant could lead to increase the
foliage yield of vegetable amaranth strains. Insignificant genotypic
correlations between foliage yield with most of the antioxidant vitamins and
minerals traits indicating that selection for high vitamins and minerals
content might be possible without compromising yield loss. Based on mean,
genetic parameters and correlation coefficient values, five vegetable
amaranth genotypes i. e., AA19, AA10, AA3, AA24 and AA7 might be selected as
high vitamin and minerals containing high yielding vegetable amaranth
varieties.
Genetic analysis of physiological indicators of drought tolerance in bread wheat using diallel technique
Authors: Farshadfar Ezatollah , Amiri Reza
Published: May 2015

In order to study genetic architecture of physiological criteria of drought
tolerance in wheat using different diallel techniques, an experiment was
conducted on six bread wheat genotypes as parents and their 15 hybrids in a
randomized complete block design with three replicates under rainfed
conditions at the Research Farm of the Campus of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran during 2010- 2011 cropping
season. The results of analysis of variance showed significant differences
between the genotypes for relative water content (RWC), relative chlorophyll
content (RCC), chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total
chlorophyll (Chl T) and proline concentration (PC). RWC, Chl T and PC
exhibited significant differences for general combining ability, indicating
the involvement of additive gene action in their inheritance. Moreover, as
specific combining ability was not significant for all studied traits, hence
these traits are predominantly controlled by additive gene action. Parent
number one was the best general combiner for improvement of RWC, RCC and Chl
b, while the best general combiner for improvement of Chl a, Chl T and PC was
parent number five. Also, the best specific combination for improvement of
RWC, RCC, Chl a, Chl b, Chl T and PC were the crosses 2?4, 1?2, 3?6, 1?6, 1?6
and 1?4, respectively indicating that parents of these crosses are
genetically varied. Hayman and Morley-Jones analysis of variance revealed
that the inheritance of RWC, Chl a, Chl b, and Chl T was mainly controlled by
additive gene effects, while PC was controlled by both additive as well as
dominance type of gene action.
New trends in plant breeding - example of soybean
Authors: Miladinovic Jegor , Vidic Milos , Djordjevic Vuk , Balesevic-Tubic Svetlana
Published: May 2015

Soybean breeding and selection is a continual process designed to increase
yield levels and improve resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Soybean
breeders have been successful in producing a large number of varieties using
conventional breeding methods, the Single Seed Descent method in particular.
In recent decades, with the increased use of genetic transformations,
backcrossing is more frequent though the only trait that has been
commercialized is glyphosate tolerance. Physiological breeding poses a
particular challenge, as well as phenotyping and development of useful
criteria and techniques suitable for plant breeding. Using modern remote
sensing techniques provides great opportunity for collecting a large amount
of physiological data in real environment, which is necessary for
physiological breeding. Molecular based plant breeding methods and techniques
are a conceptual part of any serious breeding program. Among those methods,
the most extensively used is marker-assisted selection, as a supplement to
conventional breeding methods.
A genetic base of utilisation of maize grain as a valuable renewable raw material for bioethanol production
Authors: Semencenko Valentina , Radosavljevic Milica , Mojovic Ljiljana , Terzic Dusanka , Milasinovic-Seremesic Marija , Todorovic Goran
Published: May 2015

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crops, and as such,
one of the most significant naturally renewable carbohydrate raw materials
for the production of energy and multitude of different products. Many
studies have shown that the kernel composition and starch structure of maize
are highly influenced by genetic background of the maize. Maize grain
consists of approximately 70% of starch, which makes it a very suitable
feedstock for the bioethanol production. This study was conducted with aim to
understand how different genetic background affects bioethanol yield and
other fermentation properties of the selected maize genotypes in the process
of maize grain- based bioethanol production. Twenty seven maize hybrids,
including genotypes of standard chemical composition as well as specialty
maize hybrids such as popping, waxy, white kernel and red kernel hybrids,
developed at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, were investigated in
this study. The lowest bioethanol yield of 7.25% w/w obtained for hybrid ZP
611k after 48 h of fermentation and the highest by genotype ZP 434 (8.96%
w/w). A very significant positive correlation was determined between kernel
starch content and the bioethanol yield after 48h of fermentation, as well as
volumetric productivity (48h) (r=0.67). Between bioethanol yield after 48h of
fermentation and soft endosperm content in kernel of the investigated ZP
maize hybrids a very significant positive correlation was assessed (r=0.66).
Higher overall bioethanol yields have been obtained from genotypes containing
higher starch and lower protein and lipid contents.
Efficiency of the different marker systems for estimation of distinctness between sister line wheat cultivars
Authors: Dencic Srbislav , Depauw Ron , Momcilovic Vojislava , Kondic-Spika Ankica
Published: May 2015

A set of 42 winter wheat cultivars developed from nine populations were
evaluated for distinctness. Three marker systems: morphological markers,
gliadin allele profiles and microsatellites were used to analyze distinctness
between sister cultivars. The morphological based distinctness tests for
wheat are based on a crop-specific set of characters that comply with UPOV
guidelines. The morphological markers were quite informative although they
were not capable to estimate the distances/distinctness between two pair of
sister cultivars Evropa 90 and Evropa and Novosadska rana 3 and Novosadska
rana 2. The gliadins allele profiles were the least efficient to estimate
distinctness between sister line cultivars. This system was not capable to
distinguish even cultivars developed from different populations. Sister line
wheat cultivars were fingerprinted with 19 wheat microsatellites markers. A
total of 106 alleles were detected at 19 wheat microsatellite loci, resulting
in an average allele number per marker of 5.6. The number of markers was
sufficient to distinguish among most sister line cultivars. Only one pair of
sister cultivars, Loznicanka and Kosovka, derived from the same cross could
not be distinguished. Comparing all marker systems to evaluate distinctness
of sister line wheat cultivars the most efficient was microsatellite markers
while gliadin allele profiles was the least efficient. Correlations between
matrices based on pedigree data and morphological marker, gliadin profiles
and microsatellites were significant but not large.
Genetic variability of Verbascum populations from metal polluted and unpolluted sites
Authors: Danilovic Gordana , Morina Filis , Satovic Zlatko , Prokic Ljiljana , Pankovic Dejana
Published: May 2015

Mullein (Verbascum) plants have extensive distribution and can grow in
variable environmental conditions. Seed was collected from mullein plants
grown at 4 locations, two metals contaminated and two metal uncontaminated
areas. Genetic variability of progeny was examined. Populations collected
from unpolluted areas were genetically more similar than those collected from
polluted areas as revealed by RAPD and SSR markers and UPGMA analysis. The
results indicate that there is genetic differentiation between examined
populations and therefore they represent suitable material for further
investigation of plant adaptation mechanisms to increased metal content.
Path analysis for morphological traits in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Pavlov Jovan , Delic Nenad , Markovic Ksenija , Crevar Milos , Camdzija Zoran , Stevanovic Milan
Published: May 2015

Six inbred lines were crossed according to incomplete diallel method. In this
way fifteen hybrid combinations were obtained. Hybrid combinations derived
from these parental components were used in this work. The objective of study
was to estimate direct and indirect effects of five morphological traits on
grain yield by the application of the simple coefficient correlation and path
coefficient analysis. The trait number of leaves above the top ear with the
value of 0.736 has the strongest direct positive effect on grain yield.
Positive direct effects on grain yield were also observed for height to
tassel base and plant height, while negative direct effects were observed for
ear height and total number of leaves. As far as indirect effects were
considered, a positive effect of the ear position height on yield over the
total plant height stands out. The evaluation of the proportion of mutual
effects of five observed morphological traits on grain yield, expressed by
the coefficient of multiple determination (R2y12345) amounted to 0.7881.
Family history based approach in risk prediction for Parkinson's disease: Additional contribution of familial associated disorders
Authors: Vrecar Irena , Maver Ales , Pirtosek Zvezdan , Georgiev Dejan , Klemenc-Ketis Zalika , Peterlin Borut
Published: May 2015

The aim of our study was to examine the contribution of family history of
Parkinson's disease and its associated disorders in the assessment of
predictive capacity of risk models for Parkinson?s disease. In a population
of 192 patients with Parkinson?s disease and 1659 healthy individuals we
investigated the impact of environmental factors and the effects of family
history on Parkinson's disease risk. Pesticides exposure, positive family
history of Parkinson?s disease and a positive family history of dementia and
melanoma were associated to an increased risk for Parkinson?s disease, with
results regarding family history of depression near to statistical
significance. Smoking and caffeine intake were associated to a decreased risk
for Parkinson?s disease. Three risk prediction models were assessed using the
area under the curve approach: first model was based on known environmental
risk factors, in the second model we added family history of Parkinson?s
disease and in the third model we additionally included family history of
dementia, melanoma and depression. We showed that inclusion of data on family
history of associated disorders (AUC 0.76) improves predictive capacity of
risk model for Parkinson?s disease in comparison with the first (AUC 0.62)
and the second model (AUC 0.71). We concluded that family history of
associated disorders: dementia, depression and melanoma improves predictive
capacity of risk models for Parkinson?s disease.
Evaluation of DNA damage in rat lymphocytes exposed to tulathromycin in vitro
Authors: Maletic Jelena , Djelic Ninoslav , Radakovic Milena , Maletic Milan , Lakic Nada , Kukolj Vladimir , Aleksic Nevenka , Andjelkovic Marko , Stanimirovic Zoran
Published: May 2015

Tulathromycin is a relatively new semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic, a
member of the triamilide group, approved primarly for the treatment of
respiratory diseases in cattle and swine. Various genotoxicological studies
indicated that tulathromycin is not genotoxic, but no available published
data originate from the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay.
Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine whether it can induce
primary DNA damage using in vitro Comet assay in isolated rat lymphocytes.
Lymphocytes were treated with a broad spectrum of tulathromycin
concentrations (from 1 to 100 ? M) and co-treatment with an antioxidant,
catalase (100 IU/mL and 500 IU/mL) was performed. The highest concentrations
of tulathromycin (50 and 100 ? M) caused significant increase of DNA damage
in rat lymphocytes and catalase did not significantly reduce the DNA-damaging
effect of tulathromycin. The results of this study indicate that
tulathromycin induces genotoxic effects at high concentrations, that catalase
does not exert protective effect in this case.
70 years of research on the American mink (Neovison vison schreb., 1777) genetics - where are we now?
Authors: Skorupski Jakub
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this review is to present the current state of knowledge about
the genetics of the American mink (Neovison vison Schreb., 1777) - a species
that achieved in the twentieth century an unprecedented ecological success
associated with the dynamic development of its economic use. However, despite
the large popularity and economic importance of the American mink as a fur
animal, and the scale of the problems associated with its introduction beyond
the range of natural occurrence, genetic research, particularly molecular
genetics and genomics of this species, show relatively little progress. The
article contains a comprehensive description of the studies undertaken on the
genetics of the species, both in terms of cytogenetics, molecular genetics,
genomics, population genetics and phylogenetics. The progress of the genome
sequencing project of the American mink is also described as well as its
transcriptome annotation. The article also deals with still unexplained and
not completed, despite 70 years of genetic research, issues such as the
standard karyotype, the precise molecular basis of coat color inheritance and
systematic position of the species.
Radiocarbon in the Atmosphere of the Žlkovce Monitoring Station of the Bohunice NPP: 25 Years of Continuous Monthly Measurements
Authors: Povinec P P , Šivo A , Ješkovský M , Svetlik I , Richtáriková M , Kaizer J
Published: May 2015

Radiocarbon variations in the atmosphere have been observed at the Žlkovce monitoring station of the Bohunice nuclear power plant (NPP), situated only 5 km ESE from the NPP. The observed 14C levels provide unique evidence of a decreasing long-term impact of the Bohunice NPP on the region. Simultaneously, decreasing emissions of fossil fuel carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of the monitoring site have been found. The observed Δ14C variations with time have attenuating amplitudes and decreasing mean values, showing maxima in summer and minima in winter, the latter primarily caused by increased emission of fossil CO2 in winter months. Sporadic short-term releases of 14C from the Bohunice NPP were observed at the Žlkovce station. The annual atmospheric Δ14C variations compared with tree-ring data collected at the Žlkovce village show reasonable agreement. The observed Δ14C levels after 2005 are close to the European clean-air levels as measured at the Jungfraujoch (3450 m asl) monitoring station.
Falls and peripheral nerve injuries: an age-dependent relationship
Authors: Bekelis Kimon , Missios Symeon , Spinner Robert J.
Published: May 2015

OBJECT

Despite the growing epidemic of falls, the true incidence of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) in this patient population remains largely unknown.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of 839,210 fall-injured patients who were registered in the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) between 2009 and 2011 and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Regression techniques were used to investigate the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors with the rate of PNIs in this patient population. The association of age with the incidence of PNIs was also investigated.

RESULTS

Overall, 3151 fall-injured patients (mean age 39.1 years, 33.3% females) sustained a PNI (0.4% of all falls). The respective incidence of PNIs was 2.7 per 1000 patients for ground-level falls, 4.9 per 1000 patients for multilevel falls, and 4.5 per 1000 patients for falls involving force. This demonstrated a rapid increase in the first 2 decades of life, with a maximum rate of 1.1% of all falls in the 3rd decade, followed by a slower decline and eventual plateau in the 7th decade. In a multivariable analysis, the association of PNIs with age followed a similar pattern with patients 20–29 years of age, demonstrating the highest association (OR 2.34 [95% CI 2.0–2.74] in comparison with the first decade of life). Falls involving force (OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.14–1.37] in comparison with multilevel falls) were associated with a higher incidence of PNIs. On the contrary, female sex (OR 0.87 [95% CI 0.80–0.84]) and ground-level falls (OR 0.79 [95% CI 0.72–0.86]) were associated with a lower rate of PNIs.

CONCLUSIONS

Utilizing a comprehensive national database, the authors demonstrated that PNIs are more common than previously described in fall-injured patients and identified their age distribution. These injuries are associated with young adults and falls of high kinetic energy.
Mapping occipital bone thickness using computed tomography for safe screw placement
Authors: Morita Tomonori , Takebayashi Tsuneo , Takashima Hiroyuki , Yoshimoto Mitsunori , Ida Kazunori , Tanimoto Katsumasa , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Fujiwara Hiroyoshi , Nagae Masateru , Yamashita Toshihiko
Published: May 2015

OBJECT

Safe and effective insertion of occipital bone screws requires morphological analysis of the occipital bone, which is poorly documented in the literature. The authors of this study present morphological data for determining the area of screw placement for optimal internal fixation.

METHODS

The subjects of this institutional review board-approved retrospective study were 105 individuals without head and neck disease who underwent CT imaging at the authors’ hospital. There were 55 males and 50 females, with a mean age of 57.1 years (range 20–91 years). Measurements using CT were taken according to a matrix of 55 points following a grid with 1-cm spacing based on the external occipital protuberance (EOP).

RESULTS

The maximum thickness of the occipital bone was at the level of the EOP at 16.4 mm. Areas with thicknesses > 8 mm were more frequent at the EOP and up to 2 cm in all directions, as well as up to 1 cm in all directions at a height of 1 cm inferiorly, and up to 3 cm from the EOP inferiorly. The male group tended to have a thicker occipital bone than the female group, and the differences were significant around the EOP. The ratio of the trabecular bone to the occipital bone thickness was > 30% in the central region. At positions more than 2 cm laterally, the ratio was < 15%, and the ratio gradually decreased further laterally.

CONCLUSIONS

Screws that are 8 mm long can be placed in the area extending 2 cm laterally from the EOP at the level of the superior nuchal line and approximately 3 cm inferior to the center. These results suggest that it may be possible to effectively insert a screw over a wider area than the conventional reference range.
Thoracic range of motion, stability, and correlation to imaging-determined degeneration
Authors: Healy Andrew T. , Mageswaran Prasath , Lubelski Daniel , Rosenbaum Benjamin P. , Matheus Virgilio , Benzel Edward C. , Mroz Thomas E.
Published: May 2015

OBJECT

The degenerative process of the spinal column results in instability followed by a progressive loss of segmental motion. Segmental degeneration is associated with intervertebral disc and facet changes, which can be quantified. Correlating this degeneration with clinical segmental motion has not been investigated in the thoracic spine. The authors sought to determine if imaging-determined degeneration would correlate with native range of motion (ROM) or the change in ROM after decompressive procedures, potentially guiding clinical decision making in the setting of spine trauma or following decompressive procedures in the thoracic spine.

METHODS

Multidirectional flexibility tests with image analysis were performed on thoracic cadaveric spines with intact ib cage. Specimens consisted of 19 fresh frozen human cadaveric spines, spanning C-7 to L-1. ROM was obtained for each specimen in axial rotation (AR), flexion-extension (FE), and lateral bending (LB) in the intact state and following laminectomy, unilateral facetectomy, and unilateral costotransversectomy performed at either T4–5 (in 9 specimens) or T8–9 (in 10 specimens). Image grading of segmental degeneration was performed utilizing 3D CT reconstructions. Imaging scores were obtained for disc space degeneration, which quantified osteophytes, narrowing, and endplate sclerosis, all contributing to the Lane disc summary score. Facet degeneration was quantified using the Weishaupt facet summary score, which included the scoring of facet osteophytes, narrowing, hypertrophy, subchondral erosions, and cysts.

RESULTS

The native ROM of specimens from T-1 to T-12 (n = 19) negatively correlated with age in AR (Pearson’s r coefficient = -0.42, p = 0.070) and FE (r = -0.42, p = 0.076). When regional ROM (across 4 adjacent segments) was considered, the presence of disc osteophytes negatively correlated with FE (r = −0.69, p = 0.012), LB (r = −0.82, p = 0.001), and disc narrowing trended toward significance in AR (r = −0.49, p = 0.107). Facet characteristics, scored using multiple variables, showed minimal correlation to native ROM (r range from −0.45 to +0.19); however, facet degeneration scores at the surgical level revealed strong negative correlations with regional thoracic stability following decompressive procedures in AR and LB (Weishaupt facet summary score: r = −0.52 and r = −0.71; p = 0.084 and p = 0.010, respectively). Disc degeneration was not correlated (Lane disc summary score: r = −0.06, p = 0.861).

CONCLUSIONS

Advanced age was the most important determinant of decreasing native thoracic ROM, whereas imaging characteristics (T1–12) did not correlate with the native ROM of thoracic specimens with intact rib cages. Advanced facet degeneration at the surgical level did correlate to specimen stability following decompressive procedures, and is likely indicative of the terminal stages of segmental degeneration.
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in the absence of tuberous sclerosis complex: case report
Authors: Beaumont Thomas L. , Godzik Jakub , Dahiya Sonika , Smyth Matthew D.
Published: May 2015

The authors report the case of a 14-year-old male with a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) that occurred in the absence of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). The patient presented with progressive headache and the sudden onset of nausea and vomiting. Neuroimaging revealed an enhancing left ventricular mass located in the region of the foramen of Monro with significant mass effect and midline shift. The lesion had radiographic characteristics of SEGA; however, the diagnosis remained unclear given the absence of clinical features of TSC. The patient underwent gross-total resection of the tumor with resolution of his symptoms. Although tumor histology was consistent with SEGA, genetic analysis of both germline and tumor DNA revealed no TSC1/2 mutations. Similarly, a comprehensive clinical evaluation failed to reveal any clinical features characteristic of TSC. Few cases of SEGA without clinical or genetic evidence of TSC have been reported. The histogenesis, genetics, and clinical approach to this rare lesion are briefly reviewed.
Cytotoxicity of certain seed extracts against Artemia fransiscana
Authors: Patoary Raufun , Mondal Omar Ali , Islam Wahedul , Khan Ataur Rahman
Published: May 2015

The chloroform and methanolic extracts of seed coat and seed kernel of Mucuna pruriens, Terminalia. bellirica, Syzygium cumini and Myristica fragrans were tested against the brine shrimp, Artemia fransiscana nauplii for mortality at 24h post exposure. All the test extracts were found to be effective. The toxicity of the chloroform extracts of seed coat could be arranged in the order: T. bellirica > M. pruriens > S. cumini > M. fragrans. In case of seed kernel extracts (chloroform) the results could be arranged in the following order: S. cumini > M. fragrans > T. bellirica > M. pruriens. For methanolic extracts of seed coat and seed kernel the results could be arranged in the following order: M. fragrans > T. bellirica > S. cumini > M. pruriens, and T. bellirica > S. cumini > M. fragrans > M. pruriens. The brine shrimp bioassay is a simple, reliable and convenient method for the assessment of bioactivity of medicinal plants and lends support for their use in traditional medicine.Bangladesh J. Zool. 42(2): 133-139, 2014
Codon-Precise, Synthetic, Antibody Fragment Libraries Built Using Automated Hexamer Codon Additions and Validated through Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Frigotto Laura , Smith Matthew , Brankin Christopher , Sedani Ashni , Cooper Simon , Kanwar Nisha , Evans Daniel , Svobodova Stanislava , Baar Claudia , Glanville Jacob , Ullman Christopher , Hine Anna
Published: May 2015

We have previously described ProxiMAX, a technology that enables the fabrication of precise, combinatorial gene libraries via codon-by-codon saturation mutagenesis. ProxiMAX was originally performed using manual, enzymatic transfer of codons via blunt-end ligation. Here we present Colibra™: an automated, proprietary version of ProxiMAX used specifically for antibody library generation, in which double-codon hexamers are transferred during the saturation cycling process. The reduction in process complexity, resulting library quality and an unprecedented saturation of up to 24 contiguous codons are described. Utility of the method is demonstrated via fabrication of complementarity determining regions (CDR) in antibody fragment libraries and next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of their quality and diversity.
RNA-Mediated Regulation of HMGA1 Function
Authors: Benecke Arndt , Eilebrecht Sebastian
Published: May 2015

The high mobility group protein A1 (HMGA1) is a master regulator of chromatin structure mediating its major gene regulatory activity by direct interactions with A/T-rich DNA sequences located in the promoter and enhancer regions of a large variety of genes. HMGA1 DNA-binding through three AT-hook motifs results in an open chromatin structure and subsequently leads to changes in gene expression. Apart from its significant expression during development, HMGA1 is over-expressed in virtually every cancer, where HMGA1 expression levels correlate with tumor malignancy. The exogenous overexpression of HMGA1 can lead to malignant cell transformation, assigning the protein a key role during cancerogenesis. Recent studies have unveiled highly specific competitive interactions of HMGA1 with cellular and viral RNAs also through an AT-hook domain of the protein, significantly impacting the HMGA1-dependent gene expression. In this review, we discuss the structure and function of HMGA1-RNA complexes during transcription and epigenomic regulation and their implications in HMGA1-related diseases.
Co-Al Mixed Oxides Prepared via LDH Route Using Microwaves or Ultrasound: Application for Catalytic Toluene Total Oxidation
Authors: Genty Eric , Brunet Julien , Poupin Christophe , Casale Sandra , Capelle Sylvie , Massiani Pascale , Siffert Stéphane , Cousin Renaud
Published: May 2015

Co6Al2HT hydrotalcite-like compounds were synthesized by three different methods: co-precipitation, microwaves-assisted and ultrasound-assisted methods. The mixed oxides obtained after calcination were studied by several techniques: XRD, TEM, H2-TPR and XPS. They were also tested as catalysts in the reaction of total oxidation of toluene. The physico-chemical studies revealed a modification of the structural characteristics (surface area, morphology) as well as of the reducibility of the formed mixed oxides. The solid prepared by microwaves-assisted synthesis was the most active. Furthermore, a relationship between the ratio of Co2+ on the surface, the reducibility of the Co-Al mixed oxide and the T50 in toluene oxidation was demonstrated. This suggests a Mars Van Krevelen mechanism for toluene total oxidation on these catalysts.
Pyrolyzed Photoresist Carbon Electrodes for Trace Electroanalysis of Nickel(II)
Authors: Moretto Ligia , Mardegan Andrea , Cettolin Mattia , Scopece Paolo
Published: May 2015

Novel pyrolyzed photoresist carbon electrodes for electroanalytical applications have been produced by photolithographic technology followed by pyrolysis of the photoresist. A study of the determination of Ni(II) dimethylglyoximate (Ni-DMG) through adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry at an in situ bismuth-modified pyrolyzed photoresist electrode (Bi-PPCE) is reported. The experimental conditions for the deposition of a bismuth film on the PPCE were optimized. The Bi-PPCE allowed the analysis of trace concentrations of Ni(II), even in the presence of Co(II), which is the main interference in this analysis, with cathodic stripping square wave voltammograms characterized by well-separated stripping peaks. The calculated limits of detection (LOD) were 20 ng∙L−1 for Ni(II) alone and 500 ng∙L−1 in the presence of Co(II). The optimized method was finally applied to the analysis of certified spring water (NIST1640a).
Factors Associated with Post-Progression Survival in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Sorafenib
Authors: Otsuka Taiga , Nakashita Shunya , Yanagita Kimihiko , Ario Keisuke , Kawasoe Hiroaki , Kawazoe Seiji , Eguchi Yuichiro , Mizuta Toshihiko
Published: May 2015

Sorafenib exerts modest antitumor activity in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and radiological progressive disease (rPD) does not always correspond to so-called clinical progressive disease (cPD). We evaluated 101 patients who initiated sorafenib treatment for HCC and assessed post-progression survival (PPS) using the Cox proportional hazards model. PPS was calculated from the date of the first rPD until the date of death or the last follow-up. Using Cox model analysis of the 76 patients who experienced first rPD, we identified the Child-Pugh class, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, the best antitumor response during treatment (using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Version 1.1) and α-fetoprotein levels as independent factors affecting PPS. When these factors were used to define scores ranging from zero to five with a cutoff value of two, PPS of patients who received best supportive care (BSC) after rPD was not statistically significantly different from that of patients who received post-rPD therapy with scores ≥2 (p = 0.220). In contrast, the PPS for the post-rPD therapy group was significantly longer compared with the BSC patients with scores <2 (p < 0.001). Patients who scored ≥2 at their first rPD were judged cPD and as candidates for BSC.
A Mean-Variance Hybrid-Entropy Model for Portfolio Selection with Fuzzy Returns
Authors: Zhou Rongxi , Zhan Yu , Cai Ru , Tong Guanqun
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we define the portfolio return as fuzzy average yield and risk as hybrid-entropy and variance to deal with the portfolio selection problem with both random uncertainty and fuzzy uncertainty, and propose a mean-variance hybrid-entropy model (MVHEM). A multi-objective genetic algorithm named Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is introduced to solve the model. We make empirical comparisons by using the data from the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges in China. The results show that the MVHEM generally performs better than the traditional portfolio selection models.
Non-Abelian Topological Approach to Non-Locality of a Hypergraph State
Authors: Berec Vesna
Published: May 2015

We present a theoretical study of new families of stochastic complex information modules encoded in the hypergraph states which are defined by the fractional entropic descriptor. The essential connection between the Lyapunov exponents and d-regular hypergraph fractal set is elucidated. To further resolve the divergence in the complexity of classical and quantum representation of a hypergraph, we have investigated the notion of non-amenability and its relation to combinatorics of dynamical self-organization for the case of fractal system of free group on finite generators. The exact relation between notion of hypergraph non-locality and quantum encoding through system sets of specified non-Abelian fractal geometric structures is presented. Obtained results give important impetus towards designing of approximation algorithms for chip imprinted circuits in scalable quantum information systems.
Power Quality in DC Power Distribution Systems and Microgrids
Authors: Whaite Stephen , Grainger Brandon , Kwasinski Alexis
Published: May 2015

This review paper discusses power quality considerations for direct current (DC) electric power distribution systems, particularly DC microgrids. First, four selected sample DC architectures are discussed to provide motivation for the consideration of power quality in DC systems. Second, a brief overview of power quality challenges in conventional alternating current (AC) distribution systems is given to establish the field of power quality. Finally, a survey of literature addressing power quality issues in DC systems is presented, and necessary power quality considerations in DC distribution system design and operation are discussed.
JAG: A Computational Tool to Evaluate the Role of Gene-Sets in Complex Traits
Authors: Lips Esther , Kooyman Maarten , De Leeuw Christiaan , Posthuma Danielle
Published: May 2015

Gene-set analysis has been proposed as a powerful tool to deal with the highly polygenic architecture of complex traits, as well as with the small effect sizes typically found in GWAS studies for complex traits. We developed a tool, Joint Association of Genetic variants (JAG), which can be applied to Genome Wide Association (GWA) data and tests for the joint effect of all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in a user-specified set of genes or biological pathway. JAG assigns SNPs to genes and incorporates self-contained and/or competitive tests for gene-set analysis. JAG uses permutation to evaluate gene-set significance, which implicitly controls for linkage disequilibrium, sample size, gene size, the number of SNPs per gene and the number of genes in the gene-set. We conducted a power analysis using the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) Crohn’s disease data set and show that JAG correctly identifies validated gene-sets for Crohn’s disease and has more power than currently available tools for gene-set analysis. JAG is a powerful, novel tool for gene-set analysis, and can be freely downloaded from the CTG Lab website.
Evapotranspiration Trends Over the Eastern United States During the 20th Century
Authors: Kramer Ryan , Bounoua Lahouari , Zhang Ping , Wolfe Robert , Huntington Thomas , Imhoff Marc , Thome Kurtis , Noyce Genevieve
Published: May 2015

Most models evaluated by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate change estimate projected increases in temperature and precipitation with rising atmospheric CO2 levels. Researchers have suggested that increases in CO2 and associated increases in temperature and precipitation may stimulate vegetation growth and increase evapotranspiration (ET), which acts as a cooling mechanism, and on a global scale, may slow the climate-warming trend. This hypothesis has been modeled under increased CO2 conditions with models of different vegetation-climate dynamics. The significance of this vegetation negative feedback, however, has varied between models. Here we conduct a century-scale observational analysis of the Eastern US water balance to determine historical evapotranspiration trends and whether vegetation greening has affected these trends. We show that precipitation has increased significantly over the twentieth century while runoff has not. We also show that ET has increased and vegetation growth is partially responsible.
Are Metals Emitted from Electronic Cigarettes a Reason for Health Concern? A Risk-Assessment Analysis of Currently Available Literature
Authors: Farsalinos Konstantinos , Voudris Vassilis , Poulas Konstantinos
Published: May 2015

Background: Studies have found that metals are emitted to the electronic cigarette (EC) aerosol. However, the potential health impact of exposure to such metals has not been adequately defined. The purpose of this study was to perform a risk assessment analysis, evaluating the exposure of electronic cigarette (EC) users to metal emissions based on findings from the published literature. Methods: Two studies were found in the literature, measuring metals emitted to the aerosol from 13 EC products. We estimated that users take on average 600 EC puffs per day, but we evaluated the daily exposure from 1200 puffs. Estimates of exposure were compared with the chronic Permissible Daily Exposure (PDE) from inhalational medications defined by the U.S. Pharmacopeia (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and nickel), the Minimal Risk Level (MRL) defined by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (manganese) and the Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) defined by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (aluminum, barium, iron, tin, titanium, zinc and zirconium). Results: The average daily exposure from 13 EC products was 2.6 to 387 times lower than the safety cut-off point of PDEs, 325 times lower than the safety limit of MRL and 665 to 77,514 times lower than the safety cut-off point of RELs. Only one of the 13 products was found to result in exposure 10% higher than PDE for one metal (cadmium) at the extreme daily use of 1200 puffs. Significant differences in emissions between products were observed. Conclusions: Based on currently available data, overall exposure to metals from EC use is not expected to be of significant health concern for smokers switching to EC use, but is an unnecessary source of exposure for never-smokers. Metal analysis should be expanded to more products and exposure can be further reduced through improvements in product quality and appropriate choice of materials.
MicroRNA-27a-3p Inhibits Melanogenesis in Mouse Skin Melanocytes by Targeting Wnt3a
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Wang Pengchao , Meng Jinzhu , Ji Yuankai , Xu Dongmei , Chen Tianzhi , Fan Ruiwen , Yu Xiuju , Yao Jianbo , Dong Changsheng
Published: May 2015

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the regulation of almost all the biological processes, including melanogenesis. MiR-27a-3p is nearly six times higher in white alpaca skin compared to brown skin, which indicates that miR-27a-3p may be a candidate regulator for melanogenesis. Wnt3a plays an important role in promoting melanoblasts to differentiate into melanocytes and melanogenesis. To confirm the function of miR-27a-3p to melanogenesis in mammals, miR-27a-3p mimic, inhibitor and their negative control were transfected into mouse melanocytes. As a result, miR-27a-3p inhibits melanogenesis by repressing Wnt3a at post-transcriptional level. A significant decrease in Wnt3a luciferase activity was observed in 293T cells co-transfected with the matched luciferase reporter vector and pre-miR-27a. Furthermore, the presence of exogenous miR-27a-3p significantly decreased Wnt3a protein expression rather than mRNA and reduced β-catenin mRNA levels in melanocytes. The over-expression of miR-27a-3p significantly increased the melanin content of melanocytes. However, miR-27a-3p inhibitor performs an opposite effect on melanogenesis. Wnt3a is one target of miR-27a-3p. MiR-27a-3p could inhibit Wnt3a protein amount by post-transcriptional regulation and melanogenesis in mouse melanocytes. Previous studies reported that Wnt3a promoted melanogenensis in mouse melanocytes. Thus, miR-27-3p inhibits melanogenesis by repressing Wnt3a protein expression.
Characterization and Evaluation of Neuronal Trans-Differentiation with Electrophysiological Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Porcine Endometrium
Authors: Subbarao Raghavendra , Ullah Imran , Kim Eun-Jin , Jang Si-Jung , Lee Won-Jae , Jeon Ryoung , Kang Dawon , Lee Sung-Lim , Park Bong-Wook , Rho Gyu-Jin
Published: May 2015

Endometrial stromal cells (EMSCs) obtained from porcine uterus (n = 6) were positive for mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD29, CD44 and CD90), and negative for epithelial marker CD9 and hematopoietic markers CD34, CD45 analyzed by flow cytometry. Further the cells were positive for expression of mesenchymal markers, CD105, CD140b, and CD144 by PCR. Pluripotent markers OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG were positively expressed in EMSCs analyzed by Western blotting and PCR. Further, differentiation into adipocytes and osteocytes was confirmed by cytochemical staining and lineage specific gene expression by quantitative realtime-PCR. Adipocyte (FABP, LPL, AP2) and osteocyte specific genes (ON, BG, RUNX2) in differentiated EMSCs showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in expression compared to undifferentiated control cells. Neurogenic transdifferentiation of EMSCs exhibited distinctive dendritic morphology with axon projections and neuronal specific genes, NFM, NGF, MBP, NES, B3T and MAP2 and proteins, B3T, NFM, NGF, and TRKA were positively expressed in neuronal differentiated cells. Functional analysis of neuronal differentiated EMSCs displayed voltage-dependence and kinetics for transient outward K+ currents (Ito), at holding potential of −80 mV, Na+ currents and during current clamp, neuronal differentiated EMSCs was more negative than that of control EMSCs. Porcine EMSCs is a suitable model for studying molecular mechanism of transdifferentiation, assessment of electrophysiological properties and their efficiency during in vivo transplantation.