bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESCARTE DE RESÍDUOS DOMÉSTICOS NA COMUNIDADE MORRO DA LAGARTIXA
Authors: Marinho da Silva Georgia Felicio , Almeida Josimar Ribeiro de
Published: May 2023

O presente trabalho visa ao longo de seus conteúdos evidenciar a importância do descarte correto de resíduos domésticos, consolidando quais aspectos podem ser melhorados ou impactos ambientais que podem ser minimizados com os procedimentos para um descarte eficiente dos resíduos desenvolvidos no ambiente domiciliar. O objetivo geral da pesquisa apresentada consiste em caracterizar de que forma ocorre o descarte eficiente dos resíduos domésticos, quanto aos objetivos específicos, os mesmos são: analisar os principais impactos promovidos pelo descarte incorreto dos resíduos domésticos, apresentar as características dos resíduos sólidos destacados pelos domicílios nacionais, descrever os procedimentos envolvidos no processo de descarte dos resíduos domésticos. Para consolidar o processo do trabalho e os conteúdos apresentados realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, destacando conceitos relevantes e descrevendo a visão de alguns indivíduos, como: Lelis (2015); Rosa (2015), quanto ao procedimento do descarte de resíduos domésticos.
AGENTES E PROCESSOS DE INTERFERÊNCIA, RISCO, IMPACTO E DANO AMBIENTAL: SISTEMAS TERRESTRES
Authors: Lelacher Carolina Dias , Almeida Josimar Ribeiro de , Barbosa Oscar Rocha , Matta Patrícia dos Santos , Pereira Raphael do Couto , Cunha Tatiana Santos da , Gurova Tetyana
Published: May 2023

Os sistemas terrestres vêm sofrendo fortemente com impactos ambientais naturais e antrópicos no curso das civilizações e nesse sentido, compreender os efeitos de diferentes agentes sobre os solos torna-se cada vez mais importante tendo em vista a necessidade de traçar estratégias para a mitigação dos possíveis impactos ambientais apresentados. Dessa forma, o presente estudo realizou uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito dos mais diversos agentes e processos capazes de provocar alterações das características físicas, químicas e microbiológicas do solo, levantando os efeitos de tais agentes sobre diferentes ecossistemas. Sendo assim, por meio do estudo constatou-se que as alterações pluviométricas, químicas, nutricionais e de volume disponível de solo, têm contribuído para o aumento da formação de regiões semiáridas ao redor do planeta.
Fatores estruturais, semânticos e cognitivos do subesquema [DENTRO DE X]
Authors: Bispo Edvaldo Balduino , Cordeiro Fernando Da Silva , Sousa Daniel Ewerton
Published: May 2023

Focalizamos, neste artigo, o padrão subesquemático [DENTRO DE X], que licencia types como dentro de casa, dentro do prazo, dentro do que prevê a legislação de trabalho suíça, entre outros. Objetivamos analisar aspectos formais e funcionais, considerando suas instâncias de uso. Para tanto, ancoramo-nos teoricamente na Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso, conforme Furtado da Cunha e Bispo (2013). Desenvolvemos uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa, conjugando os raciocínios indutivo e dedutivo. O banco de dados consiste de uma compilação de textos orais e escritos organizada por Lacerda (2019). Os resultados revelam que, do ponto de vista estrutural, o slot X pode ser preenchido por sintagma nominal (lexical ou pronominal) ou por oração, sendo do SN lexical o mais frequente. Semanticamente, dentro de X tem valor circunstancial e suas instâncias veiculam os seguintes sentidos: lugar concreto, lugar virtual, tempo e modo/conformidade. Esses diferentes sentidos vinculam-se à expansão semântica por que passam os constructos, a qual é possibilitada pela atuação de mapeamentos conceptuais, notadamente projeções metafóricas, algumas das quais precedidas de processos metonímicos.
[Vai que] e a modalidade: uma análise baseada no uso sobre o domínio condicional.
Authors: ELY LEYLA , Cezario Maria Maura
Published: May 2023

Neste artigo, analisamos a relação entre os usos da construção vai que no português escrito brasileiro e a categoria de modalidade. A partir dos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da Gramática de Construção Baseada no Uso e da análise de dados do Corpus do Português, aba Web, e do Twitter, verificamos que vai que está vinculado à modalidade epistêmica quase-asseverativa e é usado, normalmente, como estratégia de flexibilização e como forma de projetar uma possibilidade sobre o que foi dito e, assim, aumentar o poder de argumentação. O falante, ao empregar vai que, lança mão de uma hipótese pautada na crença e expectativa do que diz. Além disso, a construção atua como estratégia de preservação de face, em que há menor comprometimento acerca da proposição por parte do falante.
A Americanas foi de Mesbla, a Netflix vai de Blockbuster e eu quase fui de Olavo de Carvalho: a construção de fim/morte/falência com o padrão <[IR DE N]> no português brasileiro contemporâneo
Authors: Simões Neto Natival Almeida , Souza Diego Spader de
Published: May 2023

Neste artigo, propõe-se uma análise de uma construção inovadora do português brasileiro que apresenta o padrão formal <[ir de N]> associado ao significado de fim/morte/falência. Alguns exemplos encontrados são: “A Americanas foi de Mesbla”, “spotify foi de guilherme de padua” e “prendi meu dedo na porta e quase fui de Olavo de Carvalho”. As realizações encontradas foram recolhidas de textos escritos por usuários do Twitter e analisadas conforme os princípios teóricos da Gramática de Construções Baseada no Uso (GOLDBERG, 2006; 2012; PINHEIRO, 2016; BYBEE, 2016; TRAUGOTT; TROUSDALE, 2021) e da Semântica Cognitiva (LAKOFF, 1993; LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 2002; FILLMORE, 2009). O quadro de análise proposto consiste em dois aspectos principais: (a) a construção de morte/fim/falência <[ir de N]> é uma instanciação da metáfora conceptual A VIDA É UMA VIAGEM; (b) tal construção é decorrente de um processo cognitivo de analogização (FISCHER, 2009; BYBEE, 2016) em que, a partir da realização ir de base, comumente usada no jogo eletrônico League of Legends, outras foram sendo criadas a partir do referido mecanismo cognitivo.
Desvendando a estrutura informacional de [até x] em português, em uma perspectiva baseada no uso
Authors: Leite de Oliveira Diego
Published: May 2023

Este artigo explora o potencial expressivo da construção [ATÉ X] em português, em uma perspectiva construcionista baseada no uso (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006, 2019; CROFT 2001; DIESSEL, 2019). Para isso, vale-se de dois procedimentos metodológicos: a análise qualitativa de instâncias reais de uso da língua e a análise introspectiva. Como hipóteses centrais de análise figuram: 1) atécomo elemento léxico-gramatical pode evocar pressuposições interpretáveis à luz do co-texto e do contexto comunicativo; 2) o padrão construcional [ATÉ X] com semântica de inclusão tende a ser recrutado para o domínio focal da sentença dados os aspectos apresentados na hipótese 1. Resultados da análise indicam que, dada a semântica escalar de até e a apresentação do elemento que figura em X no limite de uma escala, o padrão construcional em pauta permite a evocar uma pressuposição de que o participante em X seria o menos provável a ocupar o slot X, gerando uma quebra de expectativa e, com isso permitindo a interpretação de X sob o escopo da asserção e, portanto, como elemento focal.
Energy resolution, peak to total ratio, peak to Compton ratio of cerium bromide crystal scintillator
Authors:   Physics Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand., Kirdsiri Keerati , Siengsanoh Kittipong ,   Physics Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand., Chaiphaksa Wuttichai ,   Physics Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand., Cheewasukhanont Wasu ,   Physics Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand., Intachai Nuttawadee ,   Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand., Kothan Suchart ,   Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand., Kaewkhao Jakrapong ,   Physics Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand.
Published: May 2023

Background: CeBr3 Inorganic scintillator is a favorite scintillator in various fields, especially in medical imaging and X-rays/gamma rays detectors. One is important before being applied in any application is the fundamental properties that it has to measure such as energy resolution, PTR, PCR, and light yield. Objectives: In this research, a CeBr3 crystal was carried out trial for calculating the energy resolution, peak to total (PTR), and peak to Compton (PCR) values. Materials and methods: When high photon energy undergoes with the CeBr3 crystal, the crystal will occur to interact with photon energy by energy’s absorptions via the interaction ternary as the photoelectric absorption, Compton scattering, and pair production. The nuclear instrument module (NIM) was used in this experiment. The crystal will generate light and come into a photomultiplier tube (PMT 9256 KB) for amplifying the light signal via the radiation sources as Ba-133, Na-22, Cs-137, and Co-60, which generated the energies at 0.356 MeV, 0.511 MeV, 0.662 MeV, 1.173 MeV, and 1.332 MeV, respectively. Results: The result found that the energy resolution of CeBr3 showed the energy resolution of CeBr3 crystal showed a linear pattern of inverse the square root of the energy and found the energy resolution values were increased when the photon energy decreased. The PTR and PCR values decreased with increasing energy ranges via experiment of each full energy peak of radiation sources. Conclusion: From the fundamental properties of CeBr3 crystal showed a good energy resolution and is a possible candidate to apply for any application such as radiation detection and high-energy physics. Anywise, other properties should be also considered, for example, light yield, decay time, and nonproportionality of light yield.
Optical and Electrical Profile of Light Emitting Diodes Based on Oligomer/ZnO Nanopowder: Perspective
Authors: Abdelaziz Boutheina Ben , Mustapha Nazir , ALAKHRAS A. I. , Idriss Hajo
Published: May 2023

This work aims to investigate the optical and electrical features of light-emitting diodes based on conjugated oligomer and various quantities of ZnO nanoparticles. Thermionic emission and Cheung’s methods have been employed to analyze electrical results. Furthermore, the analytical findings concerning Photoluminescence (PL) are modeled using the sum of Franck-Condon (FC) analysis and Gaussians Fits. The p-n junction has been formed between the oligomer and nanoparticles. The ideality factor values decrease by boosting the quantity of ZnO nanoparticles linked with the traps filling by the free carrier at the interface Oligomer/ZnO from the dissociation of the interfacial charge transfer (CT) excitons. Also, an increased saturation current is obtained and it is reached ~ 5.02x〖10〗^(-6) A for 2 mg of ZnO. By adding ZnO nanoparticles the energy transition E_0 for the Oligomer: ZnO blends are slightly red shifted. In addition, the Huang-Rhys factor decreases by increasing the concentration of ZnO in the blend. Ordered conformation is obtained with addition of this metal oxide.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopically Studies of PVP and PVDF-Blended Systems for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: vaddiraju Raju , Yalla Malla Reddy , Jeedi Venkata Ramana , chary A. Sadananda , Reddy S. Narender
Published: May 2023

Blend polymer electrolytes have been produced with the use of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)and Poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) mixed with NaClO4 by the method of solution cast technique. Characteristics of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy are studied to authorize the complexation of sodium perchlorate salt with blend systems. AC and DC conductivity studies are carried out for all blend systems by changing PVP wt%, and PVDF wt% at fixed 4 weight percentage of NaClO4. Impedance spectroscopy has been used to examine the nonconducting (Dielectric) properties, and electric modulus (M*) from 10Hz to 30 MHz between 298 K and 343 K for all the systems. The maximum ionic conductivity is noticed for PVDF: PVP-NaClO4 (20:80-4) system at room temperature, that could be due to decrease in the crystalline nature and enlargement of amorphous region. The variation of ionic conductivity of the blend polymer electrolyte systems with temperature followed Arrhenius behaviour and the maximum ionic conductivity 4.332x10-5 S cm-1 was observed for PP-4 System at room temperature.
Synthesis and Design of novel morpholinyl mannich bases for Potential Inhibitory Activity of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease
Authors: R. Elamin Mohamed , Almahmoud Sondos Abdullah J , Yousef Tarek A. , Farh Ibrahim K. , Idriss Hajo , Elzupir Amin Osman
Published: May 2023

In this study, a new mannich base 1-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(morpholin-4-yl)propan-1-one (Mor) was successfully prepared in good yield. The structure of the title compound was elucidated by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis and electron-impact mass spectroscopy. The inhibitory activity of Mor against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) was investigated by means of molecular docking approach. Mor showed excellent binding affinity to the active residues of Mpro with low binding score energy. Further improvements in the results were obtained by four designated analogues to Mor, characterized by the introduction of different methoxyl and hydroxyl substituents. The hydroxyl groups in Mor analogues significantly improve the binding affinity to the active site of Mpro to 56%, the binding energy to -6.3 kcal/mol, as well as the ability to form hydrogen bonds compared with nirmatrelvir as the reference Mpro inhibitor.
Design, Synthesis, in Silico Study and Biological Evaluation of 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Gurjar Vinod Kumar , Shukla Shruti , Gondaliya Nirav , Puwar Nityaraj
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this article is to synthesize some novel 1,8-Naphthyridine-3-Carboxylic acid derivatives, analyze them, and assess their antibacterial potential. With the help of elemental analysis, IR, NMR, and mass spectrum data, the synthesized derivatives were identified. Derivatives' antibacterial activity was determined using the cup and plate diffusion method. At doses of 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml, the substance demonstrated substantial antibacterial potential against the tested strains. To predict the pharmacokinetic properties (ADME) of these derivatives, in silico investigations were also carried out. For the current study, the in silico Swiss ADME assisted results were shown to be suitable for the derivation and synthesis of efficient antibacterial drugs.
Rheological Behavior of Corn oil at Different Viscosity and Shear rates
Authors: Stanciu Ioana
Published: May 2023

In this article I presented the rheological behavior of corn oil studied in the temperature range 40-100°C and shear rates between 3.3 and 1312.0 s-1. The experiments showed the decrease of dynamic viscosity with temperature and shear rate. To study the dependence of dynamic viscosity on temperature, we applied two equations that perfectly describe the rheological behavior of corn oil. These equations are the Andrade equation and the Azian equation for which the correlation coefficients have values close to unity.
Ultrasonic Studies in the Binary Mixtures of O-Chlorophenol with Salicylates at Different Temperatures
Authors: Reddy D. V. M. Krishna , Sri P. B. Sandhya , Kumar K. A. K. Raj , Rao L. Vaikunta
Published: May 2023

The ultrasonic velocities (U), densities (ρ) and viscosities (η) of Binary Mixture O - Chlorophenol + methyl salicylate, + ethyl salicylate and + benzyl salicylate from 303.15 to 318.15K. Excess molar volume (VE), deviation in adiabatic compressibility (Δβad) and excess inter molecular free length (LfE) have been calculated from the measured experimental data. The values of VE, Δβad, LfE and Δη have been fitted to Redlich – Kister polynomial equation to estimate binary coefficients and standard deviation between the experimental and computed values. Using Nomoto's relation (UNR), impedance relation (UIR), ideal mixing relation (Uimx), Junjie's relation (UJ), Rao’s specific velocity relation (UR) and Kudriavtsev relation (UK), the theoretical ultrasonic velocities were evaluated. The computed estimations of ratio in velocity (U2/U2imx) from measured estimations of (U) are graphically shown. The molecular interaction parameter (α) has been evaluated. The validity of the theories were checked by calculating standard deviation and chi square test.
Polyaniline-mixed Metal (Fe-Mn-Zn) Oxide Nanocomposite Adsorbent for Removing Cu(II) ions from Aqueous Matrices
Authors: Sankhla Surbhi , Gehlot Kapil , Sharma Deshraj
Published: May 2023

A polyaniline-mixed metal (Fe-Mn-Zn) oxide (PANFMZO) nanocomposite adsorbent is synthesized and characterized by FTIR, SEM, SEM/EDX and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Efficiency of PANFMZO as adsorbent for removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous matrices is analysed. The parameters like change in amount of adsorbent, contact time, pH and initial Cu(II) ion concentration are studied and removal of 69.20% of Cu(II) ion from test solution is achieved. The maximum adsorption capacity of PANFMZO for Cu(II) is found to be 75.1879 mg/g. The adsorption results are described by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, the data fits better with Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.9998).
A Review on Terpenoid Synthesized Nanoparticle and It's Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Upadhyay Rupa , Bano Sarvaree
Published: May 2023

Terpenoids are a broad category of chemical compounds that include the isoprene unit. They are also known as isoprenoids and are mostly produced from isoprene units with 5 carbons. Terpenoids are mostly found in plants and are a key component of plant essential oils. They are also present in some bacteria and fungi. The various terpene varieties have a variety of medical applications, including the treatment of bacterial infections, wound healing, and malaria. XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and UV Visible are the techniques that have been utilised in the characterisation of the nanoparticles. These techniques are also used to determine the size of the particles. Different antimicrobial antibacterial activities utilise those applications.
Outcomes of morbidly obese patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty with the anterior-based muscle-sparing approach
Authors: Shevenell Bailey E. , Mackenzie Johanna , Fisher Lillian , McGrory Brian , Babikian George , Rana Adam J.
Published: May 2023

Aims

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of hip osteoarthritis, resulting in an increased number of total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed annually. This study examines the peri- and postoperative outcomes of morbidly obese (MO) patients (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) compared to healthy weight (HW) patients (BMI 18.5 to < 25 kg/m2) who underwent a THA using the anterior-based muscle-sparing (ABMS) approach.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study observes peri- and postoperative outcomes of MO and HW patients who underwent a primary, unilateral THA with the ABMS approach. Data from surgeries performed by three surgeons at a single institution was collected from January 2013 to August 2020 and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and Stata 17.0.

Results

This study compares 341 MO to 1,140 HW patients. Anaesthesia, surgery duration, and length of hospital stay was significantly lower in HW patients compared to MO. There was no difference in incidence of pulmonary embolism, periprosthetic fracture, or dislocation between the two groups. The rate of infection in MO patients (1.47%) was significantly higher than HW patients (0.14%). Preoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) show a significantly higher pain level in MO patients and a significantly lower score in functional abilities. Overall, six-week and one-year postoperative data show higher levels of pain, lower levels of functional improvement, and lower satisfaction scores in the MO group.

Conclusion

The comorbidities of obesity are well studied; however, the implications of THA using the ABMS approach have not been studied. Our peri- and postoperative results demonstrate significant improvements in PROMs in MO patients undergoing THA. However, the incidence of deep infection was significantly higher in this group compared with HW patients.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(5):299–305.
Compact, low-cost, and broadband terahertz time-domain spectrometer
Authors: Couture Nicolas , Schlosser Jakob , Ahmed Akif , Wahbeh Mamoun , Best Garland , Gamouras Angela , Ménard Jean-Michel
Published: May 2023

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a powerful technique
that enables the characterization of a large range of bulk materials,
devices, and products. Although this technique has been increasingly
used in research and industry, the standard THz-TDS configuration
relying on the use of a near-infrared (NIR) laser source remains
experimentally complex and relatively costly, impeding its
availability to those without the expertise to build a
high-performance setup based on nonlinear optics or without the
financial means to acquire a commercial unit. Broadband THz-TDS
systems require an even larger financial investment, primarily because
the generation and detection of spectral components exceeding
3 THz typically need an ultrafast NIR source delivering
sub-100-fs pulses. Such an ultrafast source can be bulky and cost
upwards of $100,000. Here, we present a broadband,
compact, and portable THz-TDS system comprising three modules that
allow for the implementation of a single low-cost ultrafast laser,
hence significantly decreasing the overall cost of the system. In the
first module, the output laser pulses are spectrally broadened through
nonlinear propagation in a polarization-maintaining optical fiber and
then temporally compressed to achieve a higher peak power. The other
two modules utilize thick nonlinear crystals with periodically
patterned surfaces that diffract NIR pulses and optimize the
efficiency of THz generation and detection processes by enabling a
noncollinear beam geometry. Phase-matching conditions in the nonlinear
crystals are controlled by the period of the gratings to gain access
to a large spectral THz bandwidth. The whole system, combining these
three modules, provides access to a THz spectrum peaking at
3.5 THz and extending beyond 6 THz with a maximum
dynamic range of 50 dB for time-resolved spectroscopy
applications. We demonstrate the functionality of this configuration
by performing THz spectroscopy measurements of water vapor contained
within a closed cell. Our compact system design paves the way towards
a high-performance, yet cost-effective, THz-TDS system that can be
readily used in academia and industry.
Effect of tissue fixation on the optical properties of structural components assessed by non-linear microscopy imaging
Authors: Markus M. Andrea , Ferrari Daniele P. , Alves Frauke , Ramos-Gomes Fernanda
Published: May 2023

Fixation methods such as formalin are commonly used for the preservation of tissue with the aim of keeping their structure as close as possible to the native condition. However, fixatives chemically interact with tissue molecules, such as collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM) or myosin, and may thus modify their structure. Taking advantage of the second- and third-harmonic generation (SHG and THG) emission capabilities of such components, we used nonlinear two-photon microscopy (NL2PM) to evaluate the effect that preservation methods, such as chemical fixatives, have on the nonlinear capabilities of protein components within mouse tissues. Our results show that depending on the preservation technique used, the nonlinear capabilities of collagen, lipid droplets and myosin microarchitecture are strongly affected. Parameters of collagen fibers, such as density and branch points, especially in collagen-sparse regions, e.g., in kidneys, were found to be altered upon formalin fixation. Moreover, cryo-freezing drastically reduced SHG signals from myosin. Our findings provide valuable information to select the best tissue fixation method for visualization and quantification of structural proteins, such as collagen and myosin by advanced NL2PM imaging techniques. This may advance the interpretation of the role these proteins play in disease.
Switching of lasing direction in reconfigurable chiral photonic crystals
Authors: Feng Ting-Mao , Wang Yi-Fan , Tseng Heng-Yi , Li Cheng-Chang , Jau Hung-Chang , Kuo Chie-Tong , Lin Tsung-Hsien , Wang Chun-Ta
Published: May 2023

In recent years, the development of lasers using photonic crystals as resonant cavities has emerged and continued to grow. These photonic crystal lasers offer the advantages of reduced threshold levels and compact dimensions. Chiral liquid crystals (CLCs) are self-assembled one-dimensional photonic crystals that enable a wide range of photonic crystal lasers to exhibit broad wavelength tuning capabilities. Our research exploits the uniform standing helix (USH) and uniform lying helix (ULH) states of CLCs as resonant cavities; therefore, the direction of laser emission of CLC lasers can be changed by switching between USH and ULH states. Both USH and ULH lasers in CLCs also exhibit wavelength tuning. The USH laser induces a blue shift in the laser wavelength by dielectric heating, while the ULH laser achieves a redshift of the laser wavelength by applying a vertical electric field to lengthen the helical pitch. Such a reconfigurable chiral photonic crystal laser based on the CLCs provides bidirectional switching of the laser direction while maintaining the ability to tune the wavelength, so it has the potential for use in photonic applications.
The impact of war on HIV/AIDS service provision: In rural health facilities of Tigray, northern Ethiopia, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Weledegebriel Migbnesh Gebremedhin , Abebe Haftom Temesgen , Gidey Kidu , Bisrat Haileselassie , Gebru Tekae , Tsegay Niguse , Abera Bisrat Tesfay , Gebremeskel Hailay , Asmerom Demoze , Gebreweld Angesom , Miruts Fikadu , Wasihun Araya Gebreyesus , Hagos Kiflom , Gebrehiwet Tesfay Gebregzabher
Published: May 2023

Back ground

HIV/AIDS remained among the common public health problems in developing country. Despite the extensive delivery of ART and improved coverage of the service access, still, man-made problems like war have negatively influenced the utilization of antiretroviral treatment services. The war in Tigray Region in the northern Ethiopia broke out in November 2020 and thereby has brought about an extreme damage on most of the infrastructure in Tigray, including the health institutions. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to assess and report the trend of HIV service provision across the war affected rural health facilities in Tigray.

Methods

The study was conducted in 33 rural health facilities during the active war in Tigray. A facility based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted among health facilities from July 03 to August 05, 2021.

Result

A total of 33 health facilities from 25 rural districts were included in the HIV service delivery assessment. A total of 3274 and 3298 HIV patients were seen during pre-war period in September and October 2020, respectively. The number of follow-up patients during the war period in January remained to be only 847(25%) which is significantly reduced with a P value<0.001. A similar trend was observed during the subsequent months until May. The trend of follow-up patients on ART significantly declined from 1940 in September (pre-war) to 331(16.6%) in May (during the war). This study also revealed a 95.5% reduction of laboratory service provision to HIV/AIDS patients during the war in January and with similar trends thereafter (P<0.001).

Conclusion

The war has led to a significant decline of HIV service provision in the rural health facilities and most part of the region during the first eight months of active war in Tigray.
Dietary magnesium intakes among women of reproductive age in Ghana—A comparison of two dietary analysis programs
Authors: Bentil Helena J. , Adu-Afarwuah Seth , Rossi Joseph S. , Tovar Alison , Oaks Brietta M.
Published: May 2023

Background

Despite the importance of magnesium to health and most importantly to women of reproductive age who are entering pregnancy, very few surveys have investigated the magnesium status of women of reproductive age, particularly in Africa. Additionally, the software and programs used to analyze dietary intake vary across countries in the region.

Objective

To assess the dietary magnesium intake of women of reproductive age in Ghana and to compare the estimate of magnesium intake obtained from two commonly used dietary analysis programs.

Methods

We collected magnesium intake from 63 Ghanaian women using a semiquantitative 150-item food frequency questionnaire. Dietary data was analyzed using two different dietary analysis programs, Nutrient Data Software for Research (NDSR) and the Elizabeth Stewart Hands and Associates (ESHA) Food Processor Nutrition Analysis software. We used the Wilcoxon signed rank test to compare the mean differences between the two dietary programs.

Results

There were significant differences between the average dietary magnesium intake calculated by the two dietary programs, with ESHA estimating higher magnesium intake than NDSR (M±SE; ESHA: 200 ± 12 mg/day; NDSR: 168 ± 11 mg/day; p<0. 05). The ESHA database included some ethnic foods and was flexible in terms of searching for food items which we found to be more accurate in assessing the magnesium intake of women in Ghana. Using the ESHA software, 84% of the study women had intake below the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) of 320mg/day.

Conclusion

It is possible that the ESHA software provided an accurate estimate of magnesium in this population because it included specific ethnic foods. Concerted efforts such as magnesium supplementation and nutrition education should be considered to improve the magnesium intake of women of reproductive age in Ghana.
Special education teachers’ mental health after reopening schools during Covid-19
Authors: Hesham Abdou Ahmed Gelan
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) explore special education teachers’ mental health after reopening schools during Covid-19 and (b) identify the psychological services that they needed to safeguard their mental health. In total, 10 special education teachers represented the sample of this study: three from middle schools, four from elementary schools, and three from high schools. This sample was selected using the maximal variation sampling technique. One-on-one, semi-structured interviews were carried out with the research participants. Thematic analyses of the data generated two emergent themes: stressors and psychological support. In order to safeguard special education teachers’ mental health, a personalized approach to mental health services has been recommended.
Optimal controllers resembling postural sway during upright stance
Authors: Jafari Hedyeh , Gustafsson Thomas
Published: May 2023

The human postural control system can maintain our balance in an upright stance. A simplified control model that can mimic the mechanisms of this complex system and adapt to the changes due to aging and injuries is a significant problem that can be used in clinical applications. While the Intermittent Proportional Derivative (IPD) is commonly used as a postural sway model in the upright stance, it does not consider the predictability and adaptability behavior of the human postural control system and the physical limitations of the human musculoskeletal system. In this article, we studied the methods based on optimization algorithms that can mimic the performance of the postural sway controller in the upright stance. First, we compared three optimal methods (Model Predictive Control (MPC), COP-Based Controller (COP-BC) and Momentum-Based Controller (MBC)) in simulation by considering a feedback structure of the dynamic of the skeletal body as a double link inverted pendulum while taking into account sensory noise and neurological time delay. Second, we evaluated the validity of these methods by the postural sway data of ten subjects in quiet stance trials. The results revealed that the optimal methods could mimic the postural sway with higher accuracy and less energy consumption in the joints compared to the IPD method. Among optimal approaches, COP-BC and MPC show promising results to mimic the human postural sway. The choice of controller weights and parameters is a trade-off between the consumption of energy in the joints and the prediction accuracy. Therefore, the capability and (dis)advantage of each method reviewed in this article can navigate the usage of each controller in different applications of postural sway, from clinical assessments to robotic applications.
A deep learning-based application for COVID-19 diagnosis on CT: The Imaging COVID-19 AI initiative
Authors: Topff Laurens , Sánchez-García José , López-González Rafael , Pastor Ana Jiménez , Visser Jacob J. , Huisman Merel , Guiot Julien , Beets-Tan Regina G. H. , Alberich-Bayarri Angel , Fuster-Matanzo Almudena , Ranschaert Erik R. ,   on behalf of the Imaging COVID-19 AI initiative
Published: May 2023

Background

Recently, artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications for chest imaging have emerged as potential tools to assist clinicians in the diagnosis and management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objectives

To develop a deep learning-based clinical decision support system for automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 on chest CT scans. Secondarily, to develop a complementary segmentation tool to assess the extent of lung involvement and measure disease severity.

Methods

The Imaging COVID-19 AI initiative was formed to conduct a retrospective multicentre cohort study including 20 institutions from seven different European countries. Patients with suspected or known COVID-19 who underwent a chest CT were included. The dataset was split on the institution-level to allow external evaluation. Data annotation was performed by 34 radiologists/radiology residents and included quality control measures. A multi-class classification model was created using a custom 3D convolutional neural network. For the segmentation task, a UNET-like architecture with a backbone Residual Network (ResNet-34) was selected.

Results

A total of 2,802 CT scans were included (2,667 unique patients, mean [standard deviation] age = 64.6 [16.2] years, male/female ratio 1.3:1). The distribution of classes (COVID-19/Other type of pulmonary infection/No imaging signs of infection) was 1,490 (53.2%), 402 (14.3%), and 910 (32.5%), respectively. On the external test dataset, the diagnostic multiclassification model yielded high micro-average and macro-average AUC values (0.93 and 0.91, respectively). The model provided the likelihood of COVID-19 vs other cases with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 94%. The segmentation performance was moderate with Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.59. An imaging analysis pipeline was developed that returned a quantitative report to the user.

Conclusion

We developed a deep learning-based clinical decision support system that could become an efficient concurrent reading tool to assist clinicians, utilising a newly created European dataset including more than 2,800 CT scans.
Salivary and serum periostin in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem , Amiri Mahrokh , Panahi Ghodratollah , Khatami Fatemeh , Dehghani Sanaz , Moosavi Mahdieh-Sadat
Published: May 2023

Introduction

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) treatment includes dialysis and kidney transplantation. Transplant rejection is a major barrier to transplant success. One of the markers mentioned in previous studies on renal function in patients with renal failure for various reasons is periostin (POSTN). The expression of POSTN correlates with interstitial fibrosis and reduced renal function. One of the limitations in this regard is the effect of oral lesions on the POSTN level. This study was conducted aimed to measure the relationship between salivary and serum POSTN and renal function in patients with a history of a kidney transplant, taking into account all the conditions affecting POSTN.

Methods

In this study, serum and saliva samples were taken from 23 transplant patients with normal function (NF) and 29 transplant patients with graft failure (GF). At least one year had passed since the transplant. Before sampling, a complete oral examination was performed. Salivary and serum POSTN was examined by ELISA. The results were analyzed by SPSS software.

Results

The POSTN level in the serum of the NF group (191.00 ± 33.42) was higher than GF patients (178.71 ± 25.68), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.30). Salivary POSTN in NF patients (2.76 ± 0.35) was significantly higher than GF patients (2.44 ± 0.60) (P = 0.01).

Conclusions

The superiority of saliva as a diagnostic fluid includes ease of collection and storage, and non-invasiveness, all of which can lead to the replacement of blood with this bio-fluid. The significant results of salivary POSTN may be due to the lack of serum disturbing factors. Saliva is an ultra-filtered fluid from serum and therefore there are fewer proteins and polysaccharides attached to biomarkers in saliva and the accuracy of measuring these biomarkers in the saliva is more valuable than serum.
DigiNaka: Subaltern Politics and Digital Media in Post-Capitalist India, Anjali Monteiro, K. P. Jayasankar and Amit S. Rai (Eds) (2020)
Authors: Wadhwa Soni
Published: May 2023

Review of: DigiNaka: Subaltern Politics and Digital Media in Post-Capitalist India, Anjali Monteiro, K. P. Jayasankar and Amit S. Rai (Eds) (2020)

Hyderabad: Orient Black Swan, 276 pp.,

ISBN 978-9-35287-906-9, p/bk, ₹695
Markerless measurement techniques for motion analysis in sports science
Authors: Meng Yao , Bíró István , Sárosi József
Published: May 2023

Markerless motion capture system and X-ray fluoroscopy as two markerless measurement systems were introduced to the application method in sports biomechanical areas. An overview of the technological process, data accuracy, suggested movements, and recommended body parts were explained. The markerless motion capture system consists of four parts: camera, body model, image feature, and algorithms. Even though the markerless motion capture system seems promising, it is not yet known whether these systems can be used to achieve the required accuracy and whether they can be appropriately used in sports biomechanics and clinical research. The biplane fluoroscopy technique analyzes motion data by collecting, image calibrating, and processing, which is effective for determining small joint kinematic changes and calculating joint angles. The method was used to measure walking and jumping movements primarily because of the experimental conditions and mainly to detect the data of lower limb joints.
Human motion analysis and measurement techniques: current application and developing trend
Authors: Song Yang , Sárosi József , Cen Xuanzhen , Bíró István
Published: May 2023

Human motion analysis and measurement technology have been widely used in the fields of medical treatment, sports science, and rehabilitation. In clinical practice, motion analysis has been applied in the diagnosis and individualized treatment planning of various musculoskeletal diseases, and it is also an important objective scientific method to evaluate the therapeutic effect and the effectiveness of medical equipment. This study aimed to introduce the common modern motion capture measurement technology and equipment, the clinical application and limitations of motion analysis, and the possible development trend of motion analysis measuring techniques in the future. Motion analysis and measurement systems and medical image measurement and analysis technology have made landmark improvements over the past few decades in terms of orthopaedical biomechanics. Nevertheless, limitations still exist, both subjective and objective. All these drawbacks have promoted the exploration of the integrated methods that have now been widely used in motion analysis. The results of the case study about the subject-specific finite element modeling of the foot and sports shoe complex have also shown great consistency. Nevertheless, several possible future directions for motion analysis measuring techniques still exist. In the future, the progress of motion analysis and measurement methods will simultaneously drive the progress of orthopedics, rehabilitation, precision personalized medicine, and medical engineering.
Pengetahuan dan Kepatuhan Remaja Terhadap Implementasi Protokol Kesehatan pada Tahun Kedua Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Medise Bernie Endyarni , Mukhi Sreshta , Wirahmadi Angga , Gunardi Hartono , Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko
Published: May 2023

Latar belakang. Kasus pertama pasien COVID-19 di Indonesia dilaporkan pada bulan Maret 2020. Pemerintah memberlakukan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar termasuk penutupan sekolah tatap muka serta mengeluarkan protokol kesehatan untuk diterapkan oleh masyarakat. Pandemi menyebabkan perubahan besar dalam tatanan kehidupan, kebiasaan dan pola hidup remaja. Tujuan. Penelitian ini ingin melihat pengetahuan dan kepatuhan remaja terhadap implementasi protokol kesehatan pada tahun ke dua pandemi COVID-19.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang menggunakan kuesioner yang diisi secara daring dan dilakukan pada tahun ke dua pandemi COVID-19 dari bulan April hingga Juli 2021. Subjek merupakan remaja usia 10-18 tahun di DKI Jakarta. Pemilihan sekolah dilakukan secara cluster sampling. Hasil. Sebanyak 406 responden dari 20 sekolah mengikuti penelitian. Hanya sekitar 5,42% responden yang menjawab dengan benar cara transmisi SARS-CoV-2 dan hanya 43,84% responden yang menjawab dengan tepat 6 langkah cuci tangan. Sebanyak 45,81% responden memiliki nilai total pengetahuan yang baik (nilai >7). Terdapat tren yang menunjukkan persentase remaja yang mendapatkan skor pengetahuan di atas tujuh lebih banyak pada kelompok remaja dengan nilai kepatuhan yang lebih tinggi.Kesimpulan. Pada tahun ke dua pandemi COVID-19 masih banyak remaja yang kurang pengetahuannya mengenai COVID-19 dan belum menerapkan protokol kesehatan dengan baik.
Hubungan Penggunaan Antibiotik dengan Kekambuhan Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut pada Balita di Layanan Primer Kota Ternate
Authors: Azzahra Lathifah , Do Toka Wahyunita , Husen Abdul Hakim , Yati Sri
Published: May 2023

Latar belakang. Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut merupakan suatu permasalahan penyakit infeksi yang umum terjadi yang disebabkan oleh berbagai mikroorganisme, terbanyak akibat infeksi virus dan bakteri. Di Amerika Serikat, pasien yang datang berobat dengan gejala ISPA menerima resep antibiotik. Peresepan antibiotik pada anak-anak muncul dengan perkiraan berjumlah 421 resep per 1000 populasi. Frekuensi pemberian antibiotik yang terus meningkat dapat meningkatkan peluang insiden penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional yang mengakibatkan timbulnya bakteri yang resisten.Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan penggunaan antibiotik dengan kekambuhan ISPA pada balita di layanan primer Kota Ternate tahun 2022.Metode. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan cross sectional, melibatkan 161 sampel yang diambil dengan teknik random sampling dari total populasi, dan dilakukan uji analisis chi square dan uji statistik SPSS.Hasil. Dari total 161 sampel yang dianalisis, diperoleh hasil penggunaan antibiotik pada balita yang terdiagnosis ISPA sebanyak 65,8% dan balita yang mengalami kekambuhan 49,7%. Hasil uji Chi square diperoleh nilai p value 0,040 (p=<0,05).Kesimpulan. Adanya hubungan bermakna antara penggunaan antibiotik dengan kekambuhan ISPA pada balita.
Pengaruh Pemberian Kolostrum Susu Sapi Terhadap Durasi Diare Akut Dehidrasi Ringan Sedang dan Kadar Sekretori Imunoglobulin A pada Anak
Authors: Alius Alfi Maido , Jurnalis Yusri Dianne , Yani Finny Fitry
Published: May 2023

Latar belakang. Kolostrum susu sapi atau Bovine colostrum mengandung berbagai growth factor dan immune factor, salah satunya secretory IgA (sIgA) yang dengan jumlah signifikan dapat menghalangi adhesi patogen ke membrane mukosa dan menghambat kolonisasi sehingga bermanfaat untuk mengobati penyakit di saluran pencernaan. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan di Indonesia belum banyak membahas secara spesifik hubungan sIgA yang didapatkan dari kolostrum susu sapi sebagai terapi tambahan diare akut pada anak. Tujuan. Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kolostrum susu sapi terhadap durasi diare akut dehidrasi ringan sedang dan kadar sekretori IgA pada anakMetode. Penelitian eksperimental yang dilaksanakan di Puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit di kota Padang. Penelitian dimulai dari bulan februari tahun 2022 sampai November 2022. Data terkumpul 30 sampel masing-masing pada kelompok kontrol yang mendapatkan terapi standar WHO dan kelompok intervensi yang mendapatkan terapi standar who ditambah kolostrum susu sapi. Dilakukan pengamatan terhadap durasi diare akut serta pemeriksaan terhadap kadar sIgA.Hasil. Terjadi pemendekan durasi diare secara signifikan antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol sebesar 11,93 jam (p=0,021). Terdapat perbedaan kadar sIgA yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah pemberian kolostrum susu sapi pada kelompok intervensi (p=0,003).Kesimpulan. Pemberian kolostrum susu sapi dapat memperpendek rerata durasi diare akut dan meningkatkan rerata kadar sIgA secara bermakna. Pemberian kolostrum susu sapi ini dapat disarankan sebagai terapi adjuvan dalam tatalaksana diare akut pada anak.
Hubungan Kebiasaan Mengonsumsi Sirih Pinang dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Anak Sekolah di Distrik Yawosi Kabupaten Biak Numfor
Authors: Pandie Peter Fischer John , Froulina Liza
Published: May 2023

Latar belakang. Penelitian mengenai hubungan mengonsumsi sirih pinang dan penyebab anemia pada anak sekolah yang belum pernah diteliti dan dipublikasikan di internet.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan mengonsumsi sirih pinang dengan kejadian anemia pada anak sekolah di Distrik Yawosi Kabupaten Biak Numfor tahun 2022.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi analitik observasional secara cross sectional. Kriteria dalam penelitian ini adalah semua anak sekolah usia 12-18 tahun pada posyandu remaja putri di distrik Yawosi, Kabupaten Biak Numfor yang tidak dalam kondisi sakit malaria, muntah darah, BAB darah, dan TBC. Selanjutnya, anak dan orangtua diberikan penjelasan mengenai tujuan penelitian. Data diolah dengan menggunakan program SPSS dengan tingkat kemaknaan dinyatakan bila p<0,05.Hasil. Hasil yang diperoleh 14 orang responden yang mengalami anemia. Didapatkan bahwa kebiasaan mengonsumsi sirih pinang berisiko terjadi anemia, yaitu responden ini mengonsumsi sirih, pinang, dan kapur ketika terlihat adanya konsumsi sirih pinang ? 2 kali setiap hari dalam 3 bulan terakhir dengan adanya mengonsumsi lebih dari dua buah pinang dalam satu hari, dengan usia lama menyirih > 5 tahun.Kesimpulan. Tidak ada hubungan konsumsi sirih pinang dengan anemia, tetapi saat konsumsi ini menjadi kebiasaan, maka ditemukan adanya hubungan mengonsumsi sirih pinang dengan anemia.