bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prejudice, Political Ideology, and Interest: Understanding Attitudes Toward Affirmative Action in Brazil
Authors: Turgeon Mathieu , Habel Philip
Published: August 2021

Few public policies have been as consequential or divisive as affirmative action. Proponents have argued for the need for equity and the redress of past and present discrimination, whereas opponents enlist claims over individual liberty and merit. Scholars have examined support to affirmative action, asking to what extent citizens' support is shaped by their political ideology, interest, prejudice, or some combination thereof. Much work to date has focused on the United States, where disentangling theoretical explanations has proved challenging. We turn our attention to an understudied but important case: Brazil. Brazil has implemented a broad form of affirmative action for admission to federal universities that include consideration of the applicant's education, income, and race. Adopting both a conventional question and a list experiment embedded in a face‐to‐face survey among a nationally representative sample of adult Brazilians, we find that public support for affirmative action suffers from social desirability bias, and in our subsequent regression analysis, that attitudes about affirmative action are structured especially by individuals' interests.
Joseph Biden's Effective Presidential Transition: “Started Early, Went Big”
Authors: Kumar Martha Joynt
Published: August 2021

The 2021 transition will be remembered as the most tumultuous in over a century. President Trump sought to delegitimize the presidential election as flawed and refused to concede his loss, and several of his departments and agencies slow‐walked their cooperation with the incoming team. Further, the insurrection on the Capitol and the Trump impeachment trial brought more turmoil. The question this article will consider is how, in such an environment, did Joseph R. Biden manage to complete the basic transition preparations needed to get off to the fast and effective start his administration had? A presidential transition has two dominant threads that come together to pave the path to a productive beginning. In 2020, early transition planning by the Biden team and existing laws detailing what resources the federal government will provide, when, and under what conditions were two important elements in his successful transition. Additionally, an effective transition depends on people leading it who have experience in both management and government service. The 2020–2021 transition had both.
Personal identification systems for persons with dementia: a systematic review
Authors: Matsuda Shinpei , Yoshimura Hitoshi
Published: August 2021

People with dementia can become missing and unable to be identified due to their cognitive decline and may not have belongings, including personally identifiable information. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise and discuss the current status of personal identification systems for missing and unidentified persons with dementia. An electronic systematic literature search was conducted by using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. By performing an electronic literature search, 128 texts were extracted. However, only three eligible texts were included in this review, and these were divided on the basis of the analysis target as follows: medical and human community support systems and digital systems. It is important to develop medical and social care systems and to construct and advance social personal identification systems, including medical and human community support systems and digital systems, for persons with dementia. However, this systematic review clarified that there have only been a few reports about the development and construction of social systems for missing and unidentified persons with dementia. People who interact with persons with dementia should consider this problem, which is increasing each year, and strive to build a social system that can be applied to personal identification as soon as possible.
Germination and seed traits in common alder (Alnus spp.): the potential contribution of rear‐edge populations to ecological restoration success
Authors: Gomes Marques Inês , Faria Carla , Conceição Sofia Isabel Rodrigues , Jansson Roland , Corcobado Tamara , Milanović Slobodan , Laurent Yann , Bernez Ivan , Dufour Simon , Mandák Bohumil , Ennouni Hassan , Sahli Abdelouahab , Ater Mohammed , Dorado Francisco Javier , Caperta Ana Delaunay , David Teresa Soares , Solla Alejandro , Rodríguez‐González Patricia María
Published: August 2021

The degradation of riparian ecosystems occurring throughout the past decades has motivated efforts aimed at the restoration of these ecosystems. The success of active revegetation approaches to restoration requires appropriate selection of reproductive material, which in turn requires knowledge of seed traits and germination. Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. (common alder) is a key riparian tree widely used in restoration projects, and has recently been classified as comprising three species: A. glutinosa; A. lusitanica Vít, Douda, & Mandák; and A. rohlenae Vít, Douda, & Mandák. To help guide restoration species selection, we assessed differences among populations of these species by (1) investigating seed weight, morphology, and germination success from a large population set and (2) modeling germination success in each species in relation to morphological traits and environmental conditions. Seeds were collected from 12 populations encompassing the latitudinal extremes of the species complex, and were then characterized and germinated. Ploidy levels and species were distinguished using cytometric analysis. Site‐level climatic data and seed morphology data were used to model germination success for each species. All seed traits differed between populations and one morphological‐trait (seed weight‐to‐area ratio) differed significantly between the three species. Germination modeling showed that the southwestern species, A. lusitanica, responded positively to high temperature extremes, suggesting tolerance to the climate changes projected for southern Europe. Populations of A. lusitanica located at the latitudinal rear edge of common alder's distribution appear to show establishment‐facilitating adaptations, and therefore may contribute to ecological restoration efforts under a range of environmental conditions.
Caught between good intentions and rigid structures: A qualitative description of professionals’ experiences with health promotion in mental health services
Authors: Wagner Sabina , Addington Kristine Stoltenberg , Varming Annemarie , Hempler Nana Folmann
Published: August 2021

Background and aim

Compared with the general population, people with mental illness are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes due to poor diet, medication and inactive lifestyle. People with mental illness and members of the general population are equally interested in health behaviour change, but those with mental illness experience communication barriers with professionals. The study aimed to explore philosophies that social care and healthcare professionals apply to health promotion activities targeting people with mental illness and challenges they face in applying these philosophies across multiple settings.

Methods

Qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 social and healthcare professionals in a range of settings in 2016–2019. Descriptive qualitative analysis was applied to interview data.

Results

Interviewees faced many structural challenges in the organisation of their work, which did not coincide with their philosophy or intentions in relation to health promotion. Three philosophical categories were identified: (a) health promotion approach, (b) elements of care and (c) social relations. Many interviewees intended to apply philosophies of broadly defined health, dialogue‐based health education, and incremental approaches to health behaviour change. They wanted to provide holistic and flexible care and they valued peer‐to‐peer activities, family and friend involvement in care and a trusting relationship between the professional and the person with mental illness. However, rigid structures determining the organisation of health promotion challenged professionals’ ability to follow their philosophical intentions.

Conclusion

Interviewees aspired to a collaborative, empowering and person‐centred approach, but practical and structural factors made this difficult to achieve in practice. Major changes are required at the organisational level, implemented with the active involvement of professionals and people with mental illness.
Spatial variability in river bed porosity determined by nuclear density gauging: A case study from a French gravel‐bed river
Authors: Tabesh Mina , Vollmer Stefan , Schüttrumpf Holger , Frings Roy M.
Published: August 2021

Porosity is one of the key properties of fluvial sediments. It is defined as the ratio of pore volume to total volume. In river science, porosity is often assumed to be spatially constant, which might be a gross simplification of reality. Ignoring the spatial variations in porosity can cause errors in morphological, ecological, hydrological, hydrogeological and sedimentological applications. Although detailed information about spatial porosity variations can be obtained from porosity measurements at field sites, such information has never been collected where these variations might be important. In this study, field porosity measurements were carried out to quantify the magnitude of the spatial porosity variation for four different sedimentological environments of a braided river: a confluence, a tributary delta, a braid bar and a secondary channel. A nuclear density gauge was used for the measurement of porosity. The nuclear density gauge proved to be a time‐saving and labour‐saving technique that produces accurate porosity values with a root mean square error of 0.03. The four sedimentological environments showed significant differences in porosity, with mean porosity being lower for confluence and bar than for delta and secondary channel. Semi‐variogram analysis showed the absence of any spatial correlation in porosity for distances beyond 4 m. This shows that distance cannot be used as a parameter for porosity extrapolation in a fluvial system unless the extrapolation distance is less than 4 m. At least eight measurements of porosity are required to obtain a reliable estimate of mean porosity in a sedimentary environment, i.e. with uncertainty <0.03. Although grain size characteristics were found to have a significant impact on porosity, the relationships between these parameters and porosity were not very strong in this study. The unique porosity dataset, presented in this article, provides a valuable source of information for researchers and river managers.
Legal Politics of Establishing a New Autonomous Region in the Shape of a City
Authors: Widodo Heru
Published: August 2021

The establishment of new autonomous regions aims to develop regions and bring public services closer. The formulation of the problem in this article is how the concept of regulating the expansion of new autonomous regions, how to overcome the gap in rights and obligations between the parent district and the new city, and how the legal politics of the formation of a new autonomous region in the form of a city. The method used is a legal approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach, with a qualitative descriptive analysis. The conclusions of this study are first, there are differences in the special allocations for the division of new provinces and new districts with new cities, and impose obligations on the parent region to provide part of the regional budget and release assets. Second, the solution to the gap in rights and obligations between the parent district and the new city, assets that are handed over to special allocation funds, are collaborated, and assets in need. to be compensated. Third, the legal politics of forming new autonomous regions in the form of cities with legal reforms from existing norms, in the form of arrangements for the transfer of assets belonging to the parent regency that is in the new autonomous regions, the special allocation funds must be handed over entirely, but only to the assets needed.
Study of the Effect of Air Injection On the Surge and Flow Characteristic of Compressor and the Pumping Loss in a Heavy-Duty Turbocharged NGSI Engine
Authors: Liao Cheng , Fu Jianqin , Zhao Dan , Ren Chengqin , Liu Jingping , Liu Qi
Published: August 2021

In this study, bench tests of a heavy-duty turbocharged natural gas spark ignition (NGSI) engine were conducted with intake air injection at full load and different engine speeds. The flow characteristic of the compressor was revealed. The flow capacity of the compressor is reduced with air injection, and the reduction range increases gradually with the air injection pressure increasing at a constant speed, which would likely lead the compressor to surge. But the decrease extent of the compressor flow rate is improved as the speed increases, which reduces the tendency of surge. Based on those, prediction models for safe air injection pressure which can avoid compressor surge during various operations were proposed and then validated with experimental data. In addition, the influence of air injection on the pumping loss was also analyzed. The turbocharger efficiency is reduced therefore the pumping loss of the engine is increased during the air injection process. At 1200 rpm, the pumping loss efficiency of the engine without air injection is 0.25%, while it is increased to 1.83% with an air injection pressure of 400kPa at the same load.
Parametric Study on Exergy and NOxMetrics of Turbofan Engine Under Different Design Variables
Authors: Aygun Hakan , Sheikhi Mohammad Rauf , Kirmizi Mehmet
Published: August 2021

Examining the effects of design variables on performance and emission parameters for gas turbine engines is of high importance. In this study, the effects of by-pass ratio (BPR) and turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of turbofan engine on energy, exergy, and exhaust emissions are parametrically analyzed at 0.85 Ma and altitude of 11 km. Moreover, cruise NOx emission is quantified by Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 (BFFM2) and DLR methods. As a novelty, specific NOx production (SNP) is first quantified for PW4000 engine. In this study, parametric cycle equations regarding turbofan engine are encoded so as to compute performance and emission metrics. According to energy analysis, specific fuel consumption (SFC) of the turbofan averagely changed from 19.82 to 18.64 g/kNs due to rising BPR whereas it increases from 18.62 to 19.93 g/kNs owing to rising TIT. Furthermore, exergy efficiency of turbofan rises from 27.67% to 29.42% due to rising BPR whereas it decreases from 29.46% to 27.65% owing to rising TIT. As for NOx emission results, the higher BPR leads to the lowering of the SNP index of the turbofan from 0.46 to 0.375 g/kNs while the higher TIT yields to the increase of the SNP index from 0.377 to 0.455 g/kNs. According to the findings of this study, the decision mechanism could be improved to find out optimum design variables in terms of eco-friendly aircraft activities.
Test–Retest Reliability of Soccer Dribbling Tests in Children
Authors: Duncan Michael J. , Richardson Darren , Morris Rhys , Eyre Emma , Clarke Neil D.
Published: August 2021

The present study examined the test–retest reliability of the Ghent University dribbling test and short dribble test in a pediatric population. Fifty-four boys aged 9–14 years (mean ± SD = 11 ± 2 years) undertook the Ghent University and dribbling tests on two occasions separated by 2 weeks. Intraclass correlation coefficients, coefficient of variation, and 95% limits of agreement were conducted for each test. Intraclass correlation coefficients and coefficient of variation indicated good to excellent reliability, and relatively small variability for both dribbling tests. The 95% limits of agreement indicated relatively little bias Ghent University dribbling test for both running alone and running with the ball components, and the Bangsbo and Mohr short dribble test. The results of the present study suggest both dribbling tests examined in the present study demonstrate good reliability and low levels of systematic bias.
Stretchable anisotropic conductive film (S-ACF) for electrical interfacing in high-resolution stretchable circuits
Authors: Hwang Hyejin , Kong Minsik , Kim Kyunghwan , Park Doowon , Lee Sangyeop , Park Soojin , Song Ho-Jin , Jeong Unyong
Published: August 2021

Microparticle aligned-stretchable anisotropic conductive film enables high-resolution stretchable circuit lines to interconnect.
Characterizing a Novel Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome
mec
with a Composite Structure from a Clinical Strain of Staphylococcus hominis, C34847
Authors: McClure Jo-Ann , Conly John M. , Zhang Kunyan
Published: August 2021

Staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
(SCC
mec
) has predominantly been described in methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
. However, studies have indicated that coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) carry a larger diversity of SCC elements.
Supplemental Material: Late Pleistocene and early Holocene sea-level history and glacial retreat interpreted from shell-bearing marine deposits of southeastern Alaska, USA
Authors: Baichtal J.F. , al. et
Published: August 2021

Shell-bearing strata dataset from southeastern Alaska.
Recurrent Graves’ disease post SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Montebello Annalisa
Published: August 2021

A 22-year-old woman was diagnosed with thyrotoxicosis 8 weeks after the diagnosis of a mild COVID-19 infection. She had reported significant unexplained weight loss after testing positive for COVID-19, but failed to seek medical attention. She recovered well from COVID-19, but presented to the emergency department with worsening symptoms of thyrotoxicosis after 2 months. In view of her known history of previously treated Graves’ disease, a recurrence of Graves’ thyrotoxicosis was suspected. A positive thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody confirmed the diagnosis. She was started on carbimazole and propranolol treatment with significant improvement of her symptoms.
Homogeneous perfect fluid collapse in five-dimensional spherically symmetric spacetime
Authors: Ahmad Zahid , Raza Muhammad Ali , Zubair M.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the higher-dimensional collapse of homogeneous isotropic perfect fluid is studied by considering the geometry of five-dimensional spherically symmetric metric. Using equations of state for different fields like dust, radiation and stiff fluid with and without cosmological constant [Formula: see text], the gravitational collapse is studied. The results are compared with the usual four-dimensional study in [A. V. Astashenok, K. Mosani, S. D. Odintsov and G. C. Samanta, Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. 16, 1950035 (2019)]. It is found that the collapse rate is faster in five-dimensional spacetime as compared to four-dimensional case supporting the cosmic censorship hypothesis.
On generalized Lemaitre–Tolman–Bondi metric: Fractal matter at the end of matter–antimatter recombination
Authors: Cacciatori Sergio L. , Marrani Alessio , Re Federico
Published: August 2021

Many recent researches have investigated the deviations from the Friedmannian cosmological model, as well as their consequences on unexplained cosmological phenomena, such as dark matter and the acceleration of the Universe. On one hand, a first-order perturbative study of matter inhomogeneity returned a partial explanation of dark matter and dark energy, as relativistic effects due to the retarded potentials of far objects. On the other hand, the fractal cosmology, now approximated by a Lemaitre–Tolman–Bondi (LTB) metric, results in distortions of the luminosity distances of SNe Ia, explaining the acceleration as apparent. In this work, we extend the LTB metric to ancient times. The origin of the fractal distribution of matter is explained as the matter remnant after the matter–antimatter recombination epoch. We show that the evolution of such a inhomogeneity necessarily requires a dynamical generalization of LTB, and we propose a particular solution.
Anti-flexible bialgebras
Authors: Dassoundo Mafoya Landry , Bai Chengming , Hounkonnou Mahouton Norbert
Published: August 2021

We establish a bialgebra theory for anti-flexible algebras in this paper. We introduce the notion of an anti-flexible bialgebra which is equivalent to a Manin triple of anti-flexible algebras. The study of a special case of anti-flexible bialgebras leads to the introduction of anti-flexible Yang–Baxter equation in an anti-flexible algebra which is an analogue of the classical Yang–Baxter equation in a Lie algebra or the associative Yang–Baxter equation in an associative algebra. It is unexpected consequence that both the anti-flexible Yang–Baxter equation and the associative Yang–Baxter equation have the same form. A skew-symmetric solution of anti-flexible Yang–Baxter equation gives an anti-flexible bialgebra. Finally the notions of an [Formula: see text]-operator of an anti-flexible algebra and a pre-anti-flexible algebra are introduced to construct skew-symmetric solutions of anti-flexible Yang–Baxter equation.
On the Search for Brain Bifurcation Parameters: Lessons From FMRI Studies on Visual Illusions
Authors: Frank T. D. , Stowik P.
Published: August 2021

Data from three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that involved in total about 100 participants and showed that the strength of several visual illusions such as the Ebbinghaus, Ponzo, and Muller-Lyer illusions depends on neuroanatomical subject measures such as visual cortex surface area and parahippocampal cortex gray matter volume were evaluated using a dynamical systems perspective to determine brain bifurcation parameters. Bifurcation parameters that involved power laws and captured relational dependencies were fitted separately to the three fMRI studies. The bifurcation parameter hypothesis that states that such parameters show unique quantities and are no longer correlated to structural systems properties was tested. The power law exponents and mean bifurcation parameter values were determined. For all three studies and three illusion types, the bifurcation parameter hypothesis was supported. Accordingly, the constructed parameters characterized the reactions of the participants under the Ebbinghaus, Ponzo, and Muller-Lyer illusions in terms of unique threshold values that no longer depended on neuroanatomical subject measures. Power law exponents in the range from 1 to 7 were found. The fMRI data describing gray matter volume of certain active regions in the parahippocampal cortex showed some interesting relationship between the mean bifurcation parameter values.
Subdirect products of an idempotent semiring and a b-lattice of skew-rings
Authors: Debnath R. , Maity S. K. , Bhuniya A. K.
Published: August 2021

Bandelt and Petrich [Subdirect products of rings and distributive lattices, Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc. (2) 25(2) (1982) 155–171] characterized a class of additive inverse semirings which are subdirect products of a distributive lattice and a ring. The aim of this paper is to characterize a class of additively regular semirings which are subdirect products of an idempotent semiring and a [Formula: see text]-lattice of skew-rings.
On r-dynamic chromatic number of some brick product graphs C(2n, 1, p)
Authors: Deepa T. , Venkatachalam M. , Cangul Ismail Naci
Published: August 2021

An r-dynamic coloring of a graph G is a proper coloring c of the vertices such that [Formula: see text] for each vertex [Formula: see text]. The r-dynamic chromatic number of a graph G is the minimum k such that G has an r-dynamic coloring with k colors. In this paper, we obtain the r-dynamic chromatic number of brick product graphs.
FeOOH Modified H-TiO2 Nanorods Array (NRA) for Stable and Improved Low-Bias Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Panzeri Gabriele , Dell’Oro Ruben , Panzeri Alberto , Sansotera Maurizio , Russo Valeria , Bianchi Claudia L. , Magagnin Luca
Published: August 2021

Iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) was implemented as a low-cost, stable, and earth-abundant catalyst on hydrogenated titania nanorods array (H-TiO2/FeOOH), for photoelectrochemical water splitting applications. The hydrogenation treatment enhanced the maximum photocurrent density delivered by the titania-based photoanode (from 0.65 mA cm−2 to 1 mA cm−2 at +1.23 V vs RHE) while the exploitation of FeOOH resulted in a significant improvement in the photoelectrochemical activity at low bias. The optimized photoelectrode showed ∼0.6 mA cm−2 at +0.4 V vs RHE, with a saturation current density of 1.05 mA cm−2. Insights on the role of FeOOH were revealed by electrochemical impedance and photoluminescence measurements, suggesting a reduction of the charge transfer resistance at the electrolyte interface and a lower frequency of recombination events. The H-TiO2/FeOOH photoelectrode showed a maximum applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) of 0.68% with a 0.3 V bias, while for the bare TiO2 nanorods array the maximum value of 0.4% was found at a bias of 0.4 V. A stable photocurrent was measured in 1 M NaOH solution through a 5 h test at 1.23 V vs RHE, under illumination (1 sun), suggesting the compatibility of FeOOH in highly alkaline solutions.
Characteristics Analysis of Generalized Rock Quality Designation (RQD) Based on Degree of Joint Development
Authors: Jun Lin , Peng Sha , Shuyu Gao , Jiji Ni
Published: August 2021

Rock quality designation (RQD) is widely adopted as a fundamental tool in characterizing rock masses since it was devised in 1964. Since the conventional RQD calculation is limited due to its dependence on the selected threshold, previous research introduced generalized RQD to adequately reflect the anisotropy and scale effect of RQD. However, the influence of the joint development inside rock mass on generalized RQD remains unclear. The objective of this work is to investigate characteristics of the generalized RQD in view of different development degrees of discontinuities in rock mass, including spacing (density) and trace length. Three‐dimensional fracture network modelling is employed to simulate the actual rock mass of open‐pit iron mine in China. Virtual scanlines are set to obtain RQD values in different directions. The results primarily show that the generalized RQD should be introduced to calculate the RQD with different thresholds to fully reflect the anisotropy of rock mass. The optimal threshold can be obtained based on an anisotropic coefficient, which is defined by (RQDmax‐RQDmin). It is also indicated that the fracture spacing has a great influence on both the anisotropy of RQD and the selection of the optimal threshold. The optimal threshold of the generalized RQD increases with the increase in the fracture spacing. In addition, the scale effect of RQD in different models is discussed by changing the length of the scanlines. The longer the scanlines we set, the more stable RQD value can be obtained in the model. It is recommended to fit much longer scanline to get realistic RQD in heavily fractured rock mass.
Clinical Evaluation of a Self-Testing Kit for Vaginal Infection Diagnosis
Authors: Shen Ching-Ju , Yang Chung-Yao , Chen Huan-Yun , Chen Wei-Chun , Chang Ting-Chang , Cheng Chao-Min
Published: August 2021

Vaginitis is a common disorder among women of varying ages that arises from a change in the normal pH balance of vaginal bacteria or an infection. Characteristic symptoms of itching, irritation, and odor cause considerable discomfort and increase the risk of contracting other sexually transmitted infections. Because of the sensitive and personal nature of the condition, some women may be reluctant to seek treatment. This behavior not only fails to solve the problem but may also delay medical treatment and result in additional medical complications. The pH changes associated with vaginitis and vaginosis, which are characterized by the presence or absence of inflammation, respectively, are well known but can vary. For example, bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis infection will raise vaginal pH above 4.5, while vulvovaginal candidiasis does not result in any measurable change to pH. Nonetheless, diagnostic tools relying on pH measurement are a valuable approach from which additional testing and treatment may be launched. Here, we focused on the use of a vaginal self-test tool and tested 50 patients, including pregnant women. When used according to the instructions, the Hygeia Touch Self-Testing Kit for Vaginal Infection demonstrated over 88% accuracy compared to a clinical diagnostic workup, with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 89% in the patients where the swab was correctly interpreted. This study demonstrated an effective self-test method with high acceptability among women that provided them with greater autonomy regarding health management.
Safety Management System Prototype/Framework of Deep Foundation Pit Based on BIM and IoT
Authors: Fan Wenhan , Zhou Jianliang , Zhou Jianming , Liu Dandan , Shen Wenjing , Gao Jiarui
Published: August 2021

With the huge demand for building underground spaces, deep foundation pits are becoming more and more common in underground construction. Due to the serious effects associated with accidents that occur in deep foundation pits, it is very important for underground construction safety management to be proactive, targeted, and effective. This research develops a conceptual framework adopting BIM and IoT to aid the identification and evaluation of hazards in deep foundation pit construction sites using an automated early warning system. Based on the accident analysis, the system framework of Safety Management System of Deep Foundation Pits (SMSoDFP) is proposed; it includes a function requirement, system modules, and information needs. Further, the implementation principles are studied; they cover hazardous areas, namely, visualization, personnel position monitoring, structural deformation monitoring, and automatic warning. Finally, a case study is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the system proposed. This research provides suggestions for on‐site management and information integration of deep foundation pits, with a view to improving the safety management efficiency of construction sites and reducing accidents.
Colonic Epithelial PHLPP2 Deficiency Promotes Colonic Epithelial Pyroptosis by Activating the NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li De-feng , Chang Xin , Zhao Jiu-long , Chen Xuan-min , Xu Zheng-lei , Zhang Ding-guo , Wu Ben-hua , Wang Li-sheng , Bai Yu , Yao Jun
Published: August 2021

Background. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Barrier defect in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is one of the main pathogeneses in UC. Pyroptosis is a programmed lytic cell death and is triggered by inflammatory caspases, while little is known about its role in UC. Methods. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing UC patients with healthy controls from the GEO datasets. The candidate genes involved in pyroptosis were obtained, and the underlying molecular mechanism in the progression of UC was explored in vivo and in vitro. Results. Pleckstrin homology domain leucine‐rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2), a protein phosphatase, was downregulated and involved in regulating inflammation‐induced IEC pyroptosis by modulating the NF‐κB signaling in UC through bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, we demonstrated that PHLPP2 was downregulated in UC patients and UC mice. Besides, we found that PHLPP2 depletion activated the NF‐κB signaling and increased the expressions of caspase‐1 P20, Gasdermin N, IL‐18, and IL‐1β contributing to IEC pyroptosis and inflammation in UC mice. Furthermore, we found that PHLPP2-/- mice developed hypersensitivity to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment toward colitis showing activated NF‐κB signaling and dramatically induced expressions of caspase‐1 P20, Gasdermin N, IL‐18, and IL‐1β. Mechanically, this inflammation‐induced downregulation of PHLPP2 was alleviated by an NF‐κB signaling inhibitor in intestinal organoids of PHLPP2-/- mice and fetal colonic cells. Conclusions. PHLPP2 downexpression activated the NF‐κB signaling and promoted the IEC pyroptosis, leading to UC progression. Therefore, PHLPP2 might be an attractive candidate therapeutic target for UC.
Three Survival‐Related Genes of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Identified by Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis
Authors: Lu Di , Wang He , Wu Xuanzhen , Zhai Jianxue , Liu Xiguang , Dong Xiaoying , Feng Siyang , Shi Xiaoshun , Jiang Jianjun , Wang Zhizhi , Chen Zhiming , Zhao Shuhua , Zhong Jinhua , Xiong Gang , Wu Hua , Wang Haofei , Cai Kaican
Published: August 2021

Background. The aim of this study was to identify novel biomarkers associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) prognosis. Methods. 81 ESCC samples collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used as the training set, and 179 ESCC samples collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) were used as the validation set. The protein‐coding genes of 25 samples from patients who completed the follow‐up in TCGA were analyzed to construct a coexpression network by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analyses were performed for the selected genes. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was constructed to analyze survival‐related genes, and an optimal prognostic model was developed as well as evaluated by Kaplan–Meier and ROC curves. Results. In this study, a module containing 43 protein‐coding genes and strongly related to overall survival (OS) was identified through WGCNA. These genes were significantly enriched in retina homeostasis, antimicrobial humoral response, and epithelial cell differentiation. Besides, through the LASSO regression model, 3 genes (PDLIM2, DNASE1L3, and KRT81) significantly related to ESCC survival were screened and an optimal prognostic 3‐gene risk prediction model was constructed. ESCC patients with low and high OS in both sets could be successfully discriminated by calculating a risk score with the linear combination of the expression level of each gene multiplied by the LASSO coefficient. Conclusions. Our study identified three novel biomarkers that have potential in the prognosis prediction of ESCC.
Lipidomic Profiling of Clinical Prostate Cancer Reveals Targetable Alterations in Membrane Lipid Composition
Authors: Butler Lisa M. , Mah Chui Yan , Machiels Jelle , Vincent Andrew D. , Irani Swati , Mutuku Shadrack M. , Spotbeen Xander , Bagadi Muralidhararao , Waltregny David , Moldovan Max , Dehairs Jonas , Vanderhoydonc Frank , Bloch Katarzyna , Das Rajdeep , Stahl Jurgen , Kench James G. , Gevaert Thomas , Derua Rita , Waelkens Etienne , Nassar Zeyad D. , Selth Luke A. , Trim Paul J. , Snel Marten F. , Lynn David J. , Tilley Wayne D. , Horvath Lisa G. , Centenera Margaret M. , Swinnen Johannes V.
Published: August 2021

Dysregulated lipid metabolism is a prominent feature of prostate cancer that is driven by androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Here we used quantitative mass spectrometry to define the “lipidome” in prostate tumors with matched benign tissues (n = 21), independent unmatched tissues (n = 47), and primary prostate explants cultured with the clinical AR antagonist enzalutamide (n = 43). Significant differences in lipid composition were detected and spatially visualized in tumors compared with matched benign samples. Notably, tumors featured higher proportions of monounsaturated lipids overall and elongated fatty acid chains in phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine lipids. Significant associations between lipid profile and malignancy were validated in unmatched samples, and phospholipid composition was characteristically altered in patient tissues that responded to AR inhibition. Importantly, targeting tumor-related lipid features via inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 significantly reduced cellular proliferation and induced apoptosis in tissue explants. This characterization of the prostate cancer lipidome in clinical tissues reveals enhanced fatty acid synthesis, elongation, and desaturation as tumor-defining features, with potential for therapeutic targeting.

Significance:

This study identifies malignancy and treatment-associated changes in lipid composition of clinical prostate cancer tissues, suggesting that mediators of these lipidomic changes could be targeted using existing metabolic agents.
Digital Papillary Adenocarcinoma: Case of a Rare Malignant Cutaneous Tumor of the Eccrine Sweat Gland
Authors: Jabbour Austin J. , Tangoren Ibrahim A. , Kanik Andrew B.
Published: August 2021

Digital papillary adenocarcinoma (DPA) is a rare cutaneous tumor originating from the eccrine sweat glands. These lesions occur almost exclusively on the digits of the hands and feet, where there is a high concentration of eccrine glands. The diagnosis is made histologically, and the course of the malignancy tends to be very aggressive with high rates of recurrence and early metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Due to the low incidence of these lesions, there have been minimal objective data from clinical studies to recommend specific treatment strategies. Wide local excision versus digital amputation proximal to the lesion has been debated for primary treatment, while there are no data to support routine implementation of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation, despite its metastatic nature. This article presents a case of long-standing, previously undiagnosed DPA. The lesion appeared more inconspicuous on gross examination than other reports in the literature, and diagnosis was made with punch biopsy and confirmed postsurgically. To date, the patient has not had recurrence, although she is being monitored for potential metastatic deposits in her lungs. Clinical dermatologists should be aware of the high mortality burden this lesion may inflict if left undiagnosed or mistreated.
Is Toothbrush Bristle Stiffness Associated with Erosive Tooth Wear in Adolescents? Findings from a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Racki Débora Nunes de Oliveira , Comim Letícia Donato , Dalla Nora Ângela , Zenkner Julio Eduardo do Amaral , Alves Luana Severo
Published: August 2021

This population-based cross-sectional study investigated the association between toothbrush bristle stiffness and the occurrence of erosive tooth wear (ETW) among 15- to 19-year-old adolescents from southern Brazil. Data collection included the application of questionnaires and clinical examination. One questionnaire on sociodemographic information (sex, age, and socioeconomic status) was sent to the parents/legal guardians, while the other was applied to students and collected data regarding oral hygiene habits (toothbrushing frequency, toothbrushing after meals, and toothbrush bristle stiffness) and dietary habits (frequency of consumption of soft drinks, citric fruits, and fruit juice). After tooth cleaning and drying, all erupted permanent teeth were clinically assessed and classified according to the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) by 2 calibrated examiners. The association between explanatory variables and ETW prevalence was assessed using Poisson regression models. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. A total of 1,197 adolescents were included (participation rate 72.3%). The overall prevalence of ETW was 57%. The final model showed that individuals who used toothbrushes with soft (PR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02–1.60) or medium (PR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.01–1.69) bristles presented a higher ETW prevalence than those who used toothbrushes with extra-soft bristles, even after the adjustment for important cofactors. In conclusion, this study found a very weak but significant association between toothbrush bristle stiffness and ETW among Brazilian adolescents. Considering the cross-sectional design of this study and considering that some association was found even in such a young population, future studies using different designs and including different age-groups might elucidate the clinical relevance of this finding.
Da atração por um enigma: os caminhos de Claude Lefort à obra Maquiavel
Authors: Negreiros Dario de
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo, esforçamo-nos para retraçar os caminhos que – ao longo das décadas de 1950 e 1960 – conduziram Claude Lefort à obra Maquiavel, para a qual viria a dedicar, posteriormente, seu mais longo estudo. De modo sumário, passamos por alguns momentos importantes de seu percurso como intelectual-militante e, com mais vagar, trataremos do modo como Lefort coloca em relação os pensamentos de Maquiavel e Marx. Trata-se, portanto, de analisar os deslocamentos lefortianos prévios à escrita de Le Travail de l'œuvre Machiavel (1972), percorrendo as sendas pelas quais gradualmente sua curiosidade se deslocaria do pensador prussiano ao florentino.
sindérese e o conhecimento da lei natural em Tomás de Aquino
Authors: Ezídio Camila
Published: August 2021

Na Suma Teológica Ia-IIae pars encontramos a chamada lei natural que é apresentada por Tomás de Aquino como um conjunto de regras morais para a condução do agir humano. A apreensão dos primeiros princípios que fundamentam essas regras morais envolve um complexo processo intelectual composto por diversas partes, entre as quais, estão o intelecto agente, a razão, a vontade e a sindérese. Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar o importante papel que a sindérese desempenha neste processo epistemológico anterior à ação moral como tal. A apresentação da temática será guiada em primeiro lugar, pela tentativa de compreensão do que é o conceito de sindérese e de como ele é tratado nas obras de Tomás de Aquino, em segundo lugar, pela explicação do que são os primeiros princípios dos quais a sindérese se ocupa, e, em terceiro e último lugar de que modo a sindérese se relaciona com outras partes que compõe o processo do conhecimento daquilo que orienta a ação moral, incluindo os preceitos da lei natural.
O ressentimento na filosofia de Nietzsche
Authors: Sparemberger Cristian
Published: August 2021

O ressentimento ocupa papel de destaque na filosofia de Nietzsche. Para Nietzsche, o ressentimento não é apenas um sentimento individual, mas sim, um fenômeno fisiopsicológico, no qual os indivíduos incapazes de lidar com a própria fraqueza, fomentam e recriam sentimentos negativos em decorrência de sua situação existencial. Nietzsche analisa os efeitos e as consequências do ressentimento à moral moderna, aos valores e ao indivíduo. Tendo como base os apontamentos trazidos pelo filósofo alemão, o presente artigo busca compreender os significados do ressentimento na obra de Nietzsche, realizando e interpretando este conceito tanto por meio da leitura e interpretação direta das obras Nietzsche quanto pela interpretação de comentadores.
Las reflexiones de Diderot en la voz ENCYCLOPÉDIE: crítica y representación en el diccionario francés
Authors: Ponce Esteban
Published: August 2021

El propósito de este trabajo es ofrecer una interpretación de algunas reflexiones que realiza Diderot en el artículo ENCYCLOPÉDIE del diccionario homónimo, y que están relacionadas, en su mayor parte, con el problema del paso del tiempo y su repercusión en el diseño de la obra. En particular, me interesa vincular esta problemática con un asunto más complejo y siempre presente en las consideraciones de nuestro autor: el de la potencia crítica de la Encyclopédie y la manera en que ésta podía servir como vehículo de los intereses ilustrados. Mi intención es abordar este tema siguiendo un camino que ya he recorrido en otras ocasiones (en especial para tratar cuestiones estéticas y epistemológicas) y que tiene como elemento central el concepto de representación.
Origens do carcinoma mucoepidermoide central: revisão sistemática
Authors: Kansou Khalil Abdo , Nascimento Mozarth Matheus Silvino do , Ribeiro Elaine Rossi
Published: August 2021

O carcinoma mucoepidermoide é um tumor maligno geralmente associado a glândulas salivares. Apenas de 2-4% de todos os carcinomas mucoepidermoides apresentam sítio primário intraósseo (carcinoma mucoepidermoide central), cuja etiogenia permanece obscura, justificando a importância de se pesquisar o assunto. Objetivo: Conhecer a(s) etiologia(s) mais provável(is) do carcinoma mucoepidermoide intraósseo. Método: revisão sistemática de acordo com as recomendações do PRISMA (Preferred Reporting itens for Systemstic Review and Meta-analysis Statement). As bases de dados consultadas foram: PubMed, Portal CAPES e Google acadêmico, e após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram selecionados sete artigos que atenderam o objetivo da pesquisa, para os quais aplicaram-se a ferramenta Newcastle-Ottawa para análise de risco de viés e qualidade metodológica. A busca, seleção, extração e risco de viés foram feitas por três pesquisadores independentes Resultados: São duas as principais hipóteses etiológicas do carcinoma mucoepidermoide intraósseo: (1) derivado de um cisto odontogênico e (2) derivado de restos ectópicos. Conclusões: Ao que as evidências indicam o potencial pluripotente de células contidas nos cistos odontogênicos seria o responsável pela metaplasia e posterior carcinogênese. Nos casos derivados de restos ectópicos é clara a associação com a translocação t(11;19) e o transcrito de fusão CTRC1-MAML2 como um evento precoce ou etiológico.
Efeito de um protocolo de intervenção baseado na aprendizagem motora para marcha e equilíbrio em jovem com esclerose lateral primária: um estudo de caso
Authors: Silva Filho João Antonio da , García García Clara Inés , Castellanos Ruiz Julialba , Pinzón Bernal Mónica Yamile
Published: August 2021

Introdução: A esclerose lateral primária (ELP) é uma doença rara caracterizada por uma degeneração do neurônio motor superior ocorrendo geralmente na sexta década de vida com um início insidioso de uma paresia espástica simétrica, lentamente progressiva, frequentemente começando em membros superiores e inferiores. A prática de exercícios pode trazer benefícios a estes sujeitos levando a uma aprendizagem motora (AM) e melhorando o repertório motor insuficiente. Objetivo: Determinar o efeito de um protocolo de intervenção baseado na AM para melhorar a marcha e equilíbrio em jovem com ELP. Metodologia: É um estudo de caso composto por uma mulher, 29 anos, solteira, colombiana, branca, submetida à avaliação pré-teste (1 sessão), intervenção de protocolo (18 sessões) e pós teste (1 sessão). Para coleta de dados foram utilizados a Escala de Tinetti, Teste de Romberg, Timed Get Up And Go, Teste de alcance funcional, Baropodometria e Estabilometria. Resultados: A Escala de Tinetti (reação postural) mostrou melhora para balaço em um pé; na Escala de Tinetti (marcha) os resultados positivos foram encontrados em largura, simetria, continuidade e direção do passo; Testes de Romberg mostraram evolução para estabilidade sobre superfície plana com olhos fechados e sobre espuma de Fomy com olhos abertos; no teste Timed Get Up & Go o tempo de percurso foi reduzido de 13,64 segundos para 12,5 segundos. Conclusão: Após a aplicação do protocolo de intervenção baseado na AM houve avanços funcionais em marcha e equilíbrio de jovem com ELP.