bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Productive Failure-based Programming Course to Develop Computational Thinking and Creative Problem-Solving Skills in a Korean Elementary School
Authors: Lee Dagyeom , Lee Youngjun
Published: June 2024

As our society has advanced in the era of digital transformation, education has been transformed from knowledge-centered to competency-centered to solve future problems in the light of unpredictable changes and events in our lives. Programming education provides the basic knowledge needed, and fosters higher-order thinking skills in the process of generating and converging ideas to solve problems. However, in Korean elementary schools, it is mostly based on a lecture-based instructional design and focuses on knowledge delivery, which has limited the educational effects of programming. However, productive failure (PF) focuses on learning concepts in authentic problems, and lets the students generate different solutions and discuss them in an acceptable environment, with the result that they fail to solve the problem. Therefore, this study developed a PF-based educational program and tested it on sixth-grade students in a Korean elementary school. The results showed that the computational thinking (CT) and creative problem-solving (CPS) skills of the experimental group were significantly greater than those of the control group, with a medium effect size for CT and a high effect size for CPS skills. To generalize the results and increase the applicability, follow-up studies should expand the subject of the study, develop specific teaching guidelines for teachers, and invent various learning problems appropriate to the students’ level and different domains of learning.
Ancient Indian Stories in the Oirat Collection “The Tale of the Nectar Teaching
Authors: Menyaev Badma V.
Published: June 2024

Questions about the similarity of the plots of Oirat written monuments with ancient Indian ones still remain insufficiently studied. Most of the Oirat works have not yet been introduced into scientific circulation or translated into Russian and other European languages. The article examines the origin of the plots of 17th and 18th century Oirat religious and didactic collection. “Aršān nomiyin tuuǰi” (“The Tale of the Nectar Teaching”), dating back to the literary monuments of Ancient India. The collection consists of sixty-four short Buddhist stories. It is framed by a diagram of the Tibetan Buddhist treatise “Lamrim,” presented in thesis form. The main provisions of the treatise are revealed in the collection with the help of artistic examples from various Indian and Tibetian sources. The collection is distinguished by a strict functional purpose; it introduces the laity to the course of Buddhist teachings and instructs them on the path of virtue. It was used by Buddhist monks as a guide in his preaching practice until the beginning of the 20th century. The article examines the structure and content of Oirat and ancient Indian stories in their narrative presentation, identifying similarities and local differences. As a result of the study, it was established that genetically similar plots help to better understand the content of short stories in the Oirat collection, which have lost their essential structural components due to various reasons. The stories of “The Tale of the Nectar Teaching” differ from the source texts by the extreme conciseness of their plots: they lack any descriptions or comparisons, the main focus is exclusively on heroes’ actions, the action unfolds abruptly and dynamically. We noted a significant similarity between the plots of “The Tale of the Nectar Teaching” and ancient Indian works both at the plot-compositional and at content levels. This fact indicates their genetic relationship. The identification of the local differences in the Oirat collection demonstrates the genesis of the plots of ancient Indian monuments and their fate outside India.
NOTES BY N. V. GOGOL “TO THE 1ST PART” OF “DEAD SOULS”: PROBLEMS OF POETICS AND TEXTUAL CRITICISM
Authors: Vinogradov Igor
Published: June 2024

The main problem solved in the article was the issue of dating Gogol’s rough sketches with the author’s “working” title “To the 1st part.” For almost a hundred years, it was generally accepted that these sketches, related to the first volume of Dead Souls, were written after the publication of this volume in 1842. The arbitrary dating of the notes “To the 1st part” to 1845–1846 is refuted by numerous facts indicating that the images and motifs of the notes were “interspersed” by Gogol into the overall fabric of the poem. These references were first pointed out in 1987 by V. A. Voropaev, who dated the sketches to 1839–1840. New observations were added to the textual observations made by the researcher, allowing one to trace the evolution of the text. The author's intention, as it appears in the sketches, is also analyzed along with the means by which it is realized in the poem. The combined data of textual criticism and poetics make it possible to clarify the dating of the notes, attributing them to the first months of 1841. The notes contain the author’s plan to express a broad educational meaning in the “gossip” and “idleness” of the city of N. in the first volume of the poem, endowing this the representation with an expression of a general “idleness” of the world. To realize this plan, Gogol planned to bring up several analogies to the “idle” life of “dead souls” in the poem, i.e., “to include all the similarities and introduce a gradual progression.” In the final text of the poem, such “similarities” were typologically “related” to gossip: fortune-telling “scientific reasoning”, predictions of false prophets and pseudo-spiritual literature. According to Gogol, all of them, taken in their totality, explain the numerous misconceptions of mankind in world history — following the “swamp lights”, “roads that lead far to the side.” Rumors about the Antichrist arising in the “emptiness” of the city suggest that in the final chapters of the first volume the writer depicts, as earlier in “The Government Inspector,” the pre-apocalyptic state of society, the approach of the last times — which for some, in fact, become the “last hour” (the death of the prosecutor).
Educational and supportive interventions to prolong breastfeeding in Australia: a scoping review
Authors: Gibson Ella , Menahem Samuel
Published: June 2024

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) i.e. feeding infants breastmilk and no other foods or liquids for the first 6 months of life. In Australia, the initiation rate of breastfeeding is high (90.4%). Yet, breastfeeding duration and exclusivity is well below the WHO recommendation. This scoping review examines the efficacy and characteristics of interventions aimed to improve the duration of breastfeeding whether exclusive or in combination up to 6 months of age in Australia. Methods: Online databases Medline and Embase were searched for relevant studies. Studies were included if they were undertaken in Australia during the last 10 years, and included educational, support-based or in-hospital breastfeeding interventions and documented duration of breastfeeding. Results: 11 studies met the imposed criteria. Most interventions improved breastfeeding rates, for example from 6.5% to 19% for EBF when assessed at 6 months, from 75% to 82% for breastfeeding at 6 weeks. The interventions included: accreditation for breastfeeding friendly hospitals, breastfeeding classes, nurse home visits and drop-in clinics, breastfeeding support in primary care, telephone support, breastfeeding smartphone applications, relevant websites and text-messaging services. Interventions that were successful, provided support for mothers beyond their postnatal period. Most common enablers reported were program facilitators that were volunteers who were peers with similar experiences, rather than breastfeeding professionals, in addition to interventions that focussed on psychological factors that influenced breastfeeding outcomes. Conclusions: While the interventions to date were promising, further prospective randomised controlled trials are needed to determine which interventions would be best in prolonging breastfeeding. The findings would help support the commendable intentions to breastfeed expressed by most Australian mothers shortly after the birth of their infant.
ClimUAd: Ukrainian gridded daily air temperature (min, max, mean) and atmospheric precipitation data (1946-2020)
Authors:   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute (UHMI), Kyiv, Ukraine, Osadchyi V. , Skrynyk O. ,   Center for Climate Change (C3), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute (UHMI), Kyiv, Ukraine, Sidenko V. , Aguilar E. ,   Center for Climate Change (C3), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain,   Institut Universitari de Recerca en Sostenibilitat, Canvi Climatic i Transicio Energetica (IU-RESCAT), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain, Guijarro J. ,   Retired from State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), Balearic Islands Office, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Szentimrey T. ,   Varimax Limited Partnership, Budapest, Hungary, Skrynyk O. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute (UHMI), Kyiv, Ukraine, Bihari Z. ,   Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSZ), Budapest, Hungary, Palamarchuk L. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute (UHMI), Kyiv, Ukraine, Oshurok D. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute (UHMI), Kyiv, Ukraine, Kravchenko I. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute (UHMI), Kyiv, Ukraine, Pinchuk D. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute (UHMI), Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

The dataset contains observation based long gridded time series of daily minimum, maximum and mean air temperature and atmospheric precipitation for Ukraine, covering the period of 1946-2020. The dataset was built through the thorough historical climate data processing, which included all mandatory steps: data rescue/digitization of missing values and/or periods in station time series from paper sources, their quality control and homogenization, and interpolation on 0.1o * 0.1o grid. The station data comprised daily values of 178 meteorological stations of Ukraine. The quality control, homogenization and gridding were performed by means of the well established and widely used software INQC, Climatol and MISH, respectively.
Interaction between wind energy, climate vulnerability, and violent conflict in Northern Kenya
Authors: Schilling Janpeter , Werland Luise
Published: June 2024

Wind energy is a key technology in efforts to decarbonize the global energy system. Generally, the exploitation of wind resources is seen as a silver bullet in the fight against climate change. Negative effects and conflict implications of wind energy projects are often dismissed as negligible. The paper aims at challenging this belief by analyzing the implications of wind energy for local communities in northern Kenya. Specifically, the paper explores how the recently completed wind park in Marsabit County affects the vulnerability of the local population to climate change and how the project influences existing and new conflict dynamics. The paper first reviews the state of knowledge on renewable energy projects in developing countries and particularly on the African continent. Second, the main results of the field research conducted between 2016 and 2018 are presented and discussed in order to draw conclusions and give policy recommendations in the final part of the paper.
Drought, flight, conflict: “climate migration” as a driver for conflict?
Authors: Fröhlich Christiane
Published: June 2024

So-called “climate migration”, i. e. human mobility following prolonged drought periods, floods, or other climate-related environmental changes, has been singled out as an important factor connecting climate change effects and (violent) conflict. However, the existing studies on this relationship do not offer a clear picture. Nevertheless, Syria has evolved into a “show case study” for this assumed linear causality: A “century drought” and ensuing internal migration are seen as an untold prequel of the Syrian uprising. This alarmist, determinist, and simplifying image is questioned and reviewed in order to answer the following questions: Was the Syrian drought related to or caused by climate change? Which role, if any, did it play for internal migration in pre-revolutionary Syria? What do we know about “drought migrants” and their role in the Syrian uprising? The article summarizes available research and adds to it by way of interviews with Syrian refugees.
Explaining the diversity of resilience in the climate change and security discourse
Authors: Rothe Delf
Published: June 2024

The concept of resilience has taken the hearts of Western practitioners and decision makers in development, environmental, or security policy by storm – or so it seems. In the looming “climate of complexity” produced by unfolding global warming, the idea of resilience, as the ability of systems and communities to autonomously recover after shocks and to adapt to changing environmental conditions, appears promising. Yet, different versions of resilience co-exist and compete with each other in diverse political arenas and fields of practice. As a result, resilience resists any conceptual fixation – making it hard for policy-makers and practitioners to agree upon a common definition of resilience. This essay seeks to explain the diversity of resilience by looking at processes of its “translation”. The translation of resilience here refers to both the transfer of the concept from one discursive field to another as well as the adoption and reinterpretation of resilience through actors in concrete resilience projects on the ground.
Desempeño zootécnico de alevines de tilapia blanca (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) a distintas temperaturas
Authors: Espinoza-Quesada Hugo Arnoldo , Chacón-Villalobos Alejandro , Herrera-Muñoz Juan Ignacio
Published: June 2024

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar parámetros de eficiencia y crecimiento en la fase temprana de alevinaje de tilapia blanca (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus var. “Rocky Mountain”) bajo dos distintos regímenes de temperatura. El experimento se realizó en el Módulo Acuícola de la Estación Experimental Alfredo Volio Mata (EEAVM) de la Universidad de Costa Rica durante 56 días, para lo cual se utilizaron 160 alevines con un peso promedio inicial de 0,304 ± 0,009 g. Luego de una aclimatación de 10 días, los alevines se dividieron, según su peso, en grupos de 10 individuos por pecera, en 16 peceras colocadas en cuatro líneas; cada una de estas con su sistema de filtración mecánica y biológica y su control de la temperatura. Se reguló la temperatura de dos líneas seleccionadas de forma aleatoria a 27 °C y las otras dos a 22 °C. Se realizó una medición inicial y final de longitud y ancho. Se monitoreó y registró diariamente el consumo de alimento. Se pesaron cada 15 días para evaluar las ganancias de peso (GP), el coeficiente térmico de crecimiento (CTC), la tasa específica de crecimiento (TEC), el factor de condición K (FK), la tasa de conversión alimenticia (FCR) y la tasa de eficiencia proteica (PER). Al final del ensayo, se generaron también los índices viscerosomáticos (IVS) y la relación cabeza-cuerpo (C/C); además se registró la mortalidad. Se observaron diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) entre los tratamientos para casi la totalidad de los parámetros (GP, CTC, TEC, FCR, PER, IVS y C/C), exceptuando la mortalidad y el factor de condición K. Se evidenció un efecto negativo sobre el desempeño zootécnico de la tilapia blanca a baja temperatura, lo que resultó en ganancias de peso hasta 5 veces mayores para los peces desarrollados a 27 °C (2,72 g ± 0,19) con respecto a aquellos desarrollados a 22 °C (0,54 g ± 0,05).
Emergency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from broiler chickens in Egypt
Authors: Ahmed A. S. , Nasef S. A. , El Enbaawy M. I.
Published: June 2024

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae, pose a challenge to human and animal health care systems. Antibiotic resistance in non-lactose fermenting pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa is increasing, making these clinical pathogens more difficult to treat. The most predominant Pseudomonas species that cause mortality among birds, especially chickens, is P. aeruginosa. The present study detected multi-drug resistance and ESBL-production among P. aeruginosa isolated from broiler chickens in different poultry farms. A total of 450 broiler chickens from 150 private farms were examined for the presence of P. aeruginosa using bacteriological and molecular methods. Samples were collected from the internal organs of the birds and subjected to bacteriological examination and identification. The bacteriological exa­mination revealed that 29 farms (19.33%) were positive for P. aeruginosa. On the other hand, by PCR, only 25 farms (16.66%) were positive. All P. aeruginosa isolates were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 15 antimicrobial agents by the disc diffusion method. P. aeruginosa isolates showed resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial agents, including trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (80%), followed by streptomycin (56%), colistin sulfate (48%), ceftazidime (32%), gentamicin and ciprofloxacin (28% each). In contrast, resistance levels to cefotaxime, oxytetracycline, and norfloxacin were 24%, 20%, and 16%, respectively. The lowest resistance was against apramycin (12%), fosfomycin, imipenem, and ertapenem (8%). All P. aeruginosa isolates were sensitive to amikacin and meropenem. The antibiotic-resistant pattern of the isolated P. aeruginosa revealed that the multi-drug resistance (MDR) level was 14/25 (56%). Only 16 isolates (64%) were ESBL producing. From the ESBL isolates, 9/16 (56.25%) were MDR. Molecular detection for antibiotic resistance gene revealed that blaTEM was detected in 20/25 (80%) of P. aeruginosa isolates. From the blaTEM gene-positive P. aeruginosa, 16/20 isolates (80%) were ESBL producers, and 11/20 (55%) were MDR. The results indicated that MDR and ESBL producing P. aeruginosa frequency reached an alarming level in poultry isolates in Egypt. In conclusion, the misuse of antibiotics leads to the development of resistant bacteria that may transfer from poultry to humans. Strict supervision and enforcement of laws to control antibiotic usage in the food chain within established safe levels must be done.
Identification of the Incisive Branch of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve of Edentulous Mandibles Using Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography
Authors: Madern Ashley L. , Barber H. Dexter , Agostini-Walesch Gina , Siu Trever , Davis Janece , Klinefelter Jamie , Martin Justin
Published: June 2024

This study explored the average length of the incisive branch (IB) of the inferior alveolar nerve on cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) with regard to patient demographics in patients with edentulous mandibles. CBCT was used in a retrospective study of edentulous mandibles to assess the presence and anatomical variation for the IB. Three independent observers measured bilateral IB lengths. In addition to demographics, IB length and port of exit data were obtained. A 1-way analysis of variance was used to test whether IB length varied by sex or port of exit, and a standard Pearson correlation was used to test for IB length and age significance, with a significance level of P < .05. Intraclass correlation coefficients showed significant agreement in IB length across all observers. No significant difference was noted between the exit port and IB length. An important effect was reported for sex, indicating women have generally shorter IB lengths (9.43 ± 3.99 vs 10.55 ± 3.92). There was a significant correlation with age, but the relationship was weak. Edentulous mandibles have an altered anatomic landscape, and establishing predictive IB dimensions aids practitioners in surgical planning.
Peer tutoring technology in the professional development of a specialist
Authors: Artyukhina A. I. , Chizhova V. M. , Chumakov V. I. , Velikanova O. F. , Velikanov V. V.
Published: June 2024

Aim. The article is devoted to summarizing the experience of using peer tutoring technology at the Volgograd State Medical University in organizing various areas of mentoring at the university, as well as preparing teachers to master this educational technology in the course of pedagogy and educational technologies of additional professional education at the Grigorenko Institute of Public Health.

Material and methods. Theoretical (analysis of scientific sources on the research problem, analysis of the activities of Volgograd State Medical University mentors) and empirical research methods (observation, conversation, expert assessment method) were used. Peer tutoring management was analyzed according to the mentoring areas. In adaptation mentoring, peer tutoring was considered in the work of the "School of Curators", "School of Mentors". The analysis object in academic mentoring was peer tutoring in the activities of schools of excellence. In scientific mentoring, "School of Young Researchers" was discussed, while in social mentoring — Projectorium (youth socio-educational forum for social and innovative development), volunteering.

Results. Mentoring should be referred specifically to pedagogical technologies, since its distinctive feature is the integration of didactic and educational components. The characteristics of mentoring, tutoring, peer-tutoring technologies are given. Within the federal innovation platform of Volgograd State Medical University, in the process of implementing the innovative educational project "System of Personalized Training in a Higher Educational Institution", a review of peer tutoring practices in adaptation, scientific, academic, and social areas was conducted. Peer tutoring technology in extracurricular educational work has its own characteristics in each direction and general advantages, which contributes to students’ self-determination and inclusion in personal and professional development faster than traditional methods.

Conclusion. A variety of approaches to mentoring allows students to understand the advantage of this format of mastering novel professional and social skills in the process of extracurricular activities and, if desired, allows students to develop the mentor qualities.  Mentoring and its form as peer tutoring in the student-to-professional format implements continuity and helps prepare graduates for cooperation with colleagues in a healthcare organization.
The concept of forming a system of unified educational space for medical practitioners, internists, general practitioners (family doctors)
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Astanina S. Yu. , Shepel R, N.
Published: June 2024

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“NEM SE EU TRABALHASSE SETE DIAS POR SEMANA, 24 HORAS POR DIA”: A SAÚDE DOS PROFESSORES DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Vieira Carlos Eduardo Carrusca , Pereira Andrízia Gomes , Fonseca João César de Freitas , Sales Mara Marçal , Fujji Juliaenne Borges
Published: June 2024

Neste artigo, refletimos sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores docentes do ensino superior durante o período da pandemia da Covid-19, sem quaisquer alterações-se o Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE). Realizamos um estudo de natureza predominantemente quantitativa relativo à saúde dos professores de Instituições de Ensino Superior no Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de um questionário composto por 52 questões atinentes às condições de trabalho e saúde dos docentes no segundo semestre de 2021. Além da análise de aspectos quantificados por meio do questionário sobre o cotidiano de trabalho docente, destacamos algumas das respostas dissertativas dados pelos docentes a um item aberto do questionário aplicado. Os resultados indicam uma relação estreita entre as condições de trabalho, os processos de intensificação e dilatação das jornadas laborais e os quadros de adoecimento. Nas conclusões, destacamos a necessidade de uma avaliação contínua dos modelos de trabalho, que integre eficazmente os docentes, valorizando suas experiências e percepções, a fim de viabilizar transformações nas condições e nos modos de gestão e organização do trabalho. Apesar da importância dos recursos tecnológicos e digitais para a sociedade, afirmamos que não podemos ignorar que as mudanças em curso foram gestadas no interior de contradições sociais e econômicas que merecem atenção e que precisam ser enfrentadas.
REGIME JURÍDICO ESPECIAL PARA CONTRATAÇÕES PÚBLICAS EMERGENCIAIS
Authors: Rufino Filho Ednaldo Tavares , Vieira Lucas Pacheco
Published: June 2024

O presente trabalho versa sobre o Regime Jurídico Especial para Contratações Públicas Emergenciais. Trata-se do conjunto de princípios, regras, procedimentos e medidas, com transparência, lógica e finalística, orientado ao enfrentamento de situações emergenciais por meio de contratações públicas sob formatação excepcional. O modelo inovador foi desenvolvido pelo Governo Federal Brasileiro após dores com o Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul durante o período mais crítico da resposta pública à catástrofe natural das enchentes que atingiram o RS entre abril e maio de 2024. A sistemática especial foi deduzida na Medida Provisória n. 1.221/2024, que atualmente está em vigor e aguardada apreciação do Congresso Nacional. Por conta disso, a análise empreendida neste artigo terá como referência maior o conteúdo e a teleologia postas nessa Medida Provisória. De início, aponta-se que o desastre climático que atinge o Rio Grande do Sul configura um ponto de inflexão no sistema jurídico de contratações públicas. Na sequência, promove-se a distinção entre estado de calamidade pública e situação de emergência para fins de compras públicas, que é o eixo para a aplicação das medidas de proteção trazidas pelo novo regime jurídico. Uma análise abrangente do MP vem depois.
Hibridização e desafios da EaD na educação superior
Authors: Czeszak Wanderlucy , Papi Cathia , Gérin-Lajoie Serge , Tsayem Tchoupou Aristide
Published: June 2024

O tema deste estudo é o eventual potencial da hibridização e do desenvolvimento de competências digitais para superar desafios do ensino virtual relacionados aos efeitos causados pelo isolamento do aluno. A pesquisa é básica, exploratória e realizada na internet, com uma abordagem de métodos mistos e metodologia survey. Trata-se de um recorte realizado a partir de uma revisão de literatura envolvendo 301 estudos entre 2012 e 2022, sobre como lidar com o isolamento na educação a distância (EaD). Foram selecionados 47 estudos que abordam a formação híbrida. O estudo concluiu que há potencial na hibridização para auxiliar na redução do isolamento do aluno.
Parents’ views on teaching comprehensive sexuality education to their young children in Zimbabwean schools
Authors: Mahoso, Thaddeus (Teddy) , Venketsamy Roy , Hu Zijing
Published: June 2024

There is an increase in child sexual abuse among young learners in Zimbabwe (Mahoso, 2020), therefore, there is an urgent need for comprehensive sexuality education to be implemented. This study aimed to establish the views of parents on teaching comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) to young children in primary schools. Most schools in Zimbabwe are avoiding teaching topics on CSE. This resulted in young learners being deprived of age appropriate CSE knowledge and their rights and responsibilities informed by the ecological theoretical framework. A qualitative approach within the interpretivist paradigm was applied with a case study design. Data were gathered using a semi-structured interview schedule. Purposive sampling was used to select 10 parents. The study revealed that parents’ cultural and religious beliefs impacted their views. Parents believed that sexuality education content is taboo and against their norms and values. They indicated that CSE content would encourage sexual activities among children. The study recommended continuous education on the importance of CSE and intensive advocacy campaigns to be initiated by all stakeholders. Parents should become involved in the development of a CSE curriculum framework for primary schools. Parents and teachers should work together to support the teaching of CSE to children.
Prise en charge du syndrome d’irradiation aiguë
Authors: ARNAUTOU P. , KONOPACKI J. , MAILLOT J. , PETROVANU C. , SIAVELLIS J. , MALFUSON J.-V.
Published: June 2024

Le syndrome d’irradiation aiguë correspond à l’ensemble des manifestions pathologiques secondaires à une exposition de l’organisme à des rayonnements ionisants à forte dose. Il évolue généralement en trois phases dont l’intensité et la durée dépendent de la dose de rayonnements absorbée.  Les principaux tissus cibles sont la moelle osseuse, la peau et le tube digestif. Une irradiation de moins de 2 Gray n’a pas de conséquence clinique significative alors qu’une exposition au delà de 12 Gray est considérée comme au delà des ressources thérapeutiques actuelles. Le devenir des patients dont le niveau d’irradiation est situé dans cette zone thérapeutique est conditionné par leur capacité à survivre à l’aplasie radio-induite dont les risques hémorragique et infectieux sont potentiellement majorés par les atteintes cutanées, digestives et d’éventuelles lésions radio-combinées. L’évaluation du niveau d’exposition des victimes permet de calibrer leur prise en charge et s’appuie sur des paramètres cliniques, biologiques et physiques. Le traitement repose sur les soins intensifs hématologiques pour le volet symptomatique et sur les facteurs de croissance hématopoïétiques pour le volet étiologique.
Les vésicules extracellulaires dans le traitement de la brûlure radiologique
Authors: DE TADDEO M. , VALADE G. , BANZET S. , TROUILLAS M. , PELTZER J.
Published: June 2024

La brûlure radiologique est le plus souvent accidentelle, quelquefois iatrogénique, mais pourrait aussi résulter d’actes terroristes. Ces lésions sont profondes, de gravité variable et parfois difficile à prédire, avec une évolution possiblement dramatique nécessitant une amputation ou menant au décès du patient. Le traitement combiné chirurgie reconstructrice et thérapie cellulaire développé par le SSA a été une avancée majeure dans le traitement de cette affection. Il est cependant très lourd et couteux car la production des cellules stromales mésenchymateuses autologues utilisées dans cette indication est soumise à une réglementation complexe. Il actuellement impossible de faire face à un afflux important de patients ou de délivrer un traitement loin des unités de thérapie cellulaire. Une nouvelle approche thérapeutique est à l’étude, elle vise non plus à administrer des cellules mais ce qu’elles sécrètent, vésicules extracellulaires et facteur solubles. Ces produits sont plus stables et pourraient être disponibles sur étagère. Dans cet article nous décrivons ces nouveaux produits, leur intérêt et tous les enjeux scientifiques techniques ou réglementaires qui émergent pour leur développement.
Corporate fraud matters if you control firm leverage: evidence from the Russian bond market
Authors: Korotkikh Viacheslav V. , Salykina Alina E.
Published: June 2024

Importance: financial market turbulence and worldwide economic decline present new challenges to the participants of the bond market. One of these challenges is related to the quality of information on firms’ activities provided to stakeholders.Purpose: identifying price anomalies in the rouble bond market caused by expectations of fraudulent activities of corporate issuers towards the falsification of information revealed in financial statements (accounting fraud) and of the firms capital structure.Methods: we consider four working hypotheses on the influence of the capital structure and the tendency of firms towards fraudulent activities on the falsification of reported information. We examine the excess returns and factor model based risk-adjusted returns of bond portfolios consisting of firms with different levels of fraud risk controlling firm capital structure and then check whether our results are robust with respect to bond market hidden states. We use the Hidden Markov Model to recover the sequence of bond market states based on spread of 30-year minus 3-months government bond yields. The authors performed data analysis in RStudio. The sample covers the period from January 2011 to December 2022.Results: this paper provides evidence of the significant contribution of the newly proposed risk factor, corresponding with corporate fraud controlling for firm capital structure, to the explanatory power of asset pricing models for bond portfolios excess returns. We then introduce hidden bond market states based on spread of government bond yields and show that proposed market states are statistically and economically significant. We further examine the state-dependent explanatory power of the risk factors for test portfolios. We find the strong evidence that the rouble corporate bond market is ineffective in relation to information on the possible firms accounting fraud.Conclusions: Investors in the Russian bond market should account for bond exposure to the accounting fraud risk factor in the risk-adjusted performance analysis of bond portfolios.
A model methodology for sustainable lending in the agricultural sector
Authors: Korobeynikov Dmitry A.
Published: June 2024

Subject. Processes of internal institutionalisation and state regulation of the sustainable lending market in the agricultural sector, as well as the ESG transformation of business processes of lenders and borrowers within the framework of the concept of sustainable development.Objectives. The formation of a conceptual framework for sustainable lending and forecasting scenarios for its development in the agricultural sector; development of a model methodology providing a structural restructuring of the industry credit mechanism in terms of incorporating sustainable development goals and ESG factors into the credit procedures of banks and the business processes of borrowers, increasing the supply of relevant credit products, and creating a system of market and government incentives.Methodology. The developed model methodology for sustainable lending is based on the concepts of sustainable development, ESG, responsible banking, and sustainable finance. In order to achieve the objectives, the author used abstraction, generalisation, formalisation, analogies, and scenario forecasting methods.Results. It was shown that the concept of sustainable development and the principles of responsible banking form the basis of sustainable financing, the direction of which is sustainable lending. A conceptual apparatus of sustainable lending has been formed, which allows classifying it as a financial instrument for achieving sustainable development goals.Conclusions. Based on scenario forecasting, an acceleration model for the formation of a sustainable lending market in the agricultural sector is substantiated. The model assumes a proactive role of the state and banks (promotion of values, incentives), consolidation of institutional changes, and infrastructure development. A model methodology for sustainable lending in the agricultural sector, including three structural components: information, product and incentive system has been developed. The information component performs the functions of goal setting, consolidation in formal norms and regulation of institutional changes, incorporation of ESG factors into standard credit scoring procedures, and development of the market for non-financial ESG products. The product component is differentiated by types of sustainable development credit products. Standardised loan products, including government support measures, are offered for verified projects. For projects financed according to bank standards, unique loan products are offered with internal financial and non-financial incentives, restrictions and ESG risk management tools integrated into their structure. The incentive system is differentiated into financial and non-financial based on the types of credit products.
Научно-техническая политика: глобальные тренды и практики
Authors:   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Гершиан Михаил , Хавьер Брамбила Мартинес Франсиско ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Бредихин Сергей ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Гохберг Леонид ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Гребенюк Анна ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Димов Георгий ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Евсеева Марина ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Иванова Екатерина ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Клыпин Андрей ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Кузнецова Татьяна ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Куценко Евгений ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Мамедьяров Заур ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Невская А , Остащенко Татьяна ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Сабельникова Елена ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Сварчевская Мария ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Тюрчев Кирилл ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»
Published: June 2024

В докладе обобщены результаты исследования глобальных трендов научно-технической политики, современных стратегий и практик в сфере науки и технологий, выполненного Институтом статистических исследований и экономики знаний (ИСИЭЗ) Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» в 2022-2023 гг. Представлены актуальные направления мировой научно-технической политики, выявленные с использованием системы интеллектуального анализа больших данных iFORA. Проведен анализ зарубежных практик государственного управления в научно-технической сфере, ключевых стратегических документов и конкретных инициатив, разработанных ведущими странами. Подготовлены предложения по совершенствованию научно-технической политики России с учетом лучшего международного опыта.
Международная академическая мобильность в России: актуальные оценки
Authors:   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Гершман Михаил , Гохберг Леонид ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Демьянова Анна ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Нефедова Алёна ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Пермякова В ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Шматко Наталья ,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»,   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»
Published: June 2024

В докладе представлены результаты анализа международной академической мобильности и миграции научно-педагогических кадров в России в 2022 г. Рассматриваются итоги второй волны обследования миграционных потоков в государственных вузах и научных организациях, выполненного Институтом статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (ИСИЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ) при поддержке Минобрнауки России. Приводятся данные о вовлеченности российских организаций в международную академическую мобильность, масштабах и структурных характеристиках этого явления, социальном статусе участников. Обсуждаются кадровые проблемы отечественных вузов и научных организаций.
Impacto de la tasa de referencia de política monetaria en las tasas de interés del sistema financiero: evidencia para Colombia
Authors:   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Sánchez-Dávila Elmer , Muñoz Henríquez Erik ,   Universidad de Talca, Gálvez Gamboa Francisco ,   Universidad Católica del Maule
Published: June 2024

Los bancos centrales tienen como objetivo mantener la estabilidad de precios. Para lograrlo, estos siguen una regla de política monetaria que es manejada de manera autónoma e independiente; siendo su herramienta principal la tasa de referencia de política monetaria. La efectividad de la política monetaria para asegurar la estabilidad de precios dependerá de qué tan rápido reaccione el sistema financiero local cambiando sus tasas internas ante movimientos de la tasa de referencia. El objetivo central de la presente investigación es evaluar la efectividad, temporal y contemporánea, del Banco de la República; para ello, se utiliza un Modelo de Corrección de Errores (MCE) lineal para el periodo comprendido entre mayo 2002 y abril 2023. Los resultados sugieren que el efecto traspaso es mayor en las tasas de interés activas que pasivas. Respecto a la velocidad de transmisión: i) las tasas de interés de corto plazo, en particular las tasas pasivas y la tasa activa corporativa, se ajustan en menor tiempo que las de largo plazo y ii)las tasas de interés pasivas se ajustan más rápidamente que las tasas de interés activas.
La formación de la banca central en América Latina: orígenes y primeros desafíos
Authors:   Universidad de Ginebra, Flores Zendejas Juan , Marichal Carlos ,   El Colegio de México
Published: June 2024

Este artículo ofrece una síntesis panorámica de la historia de la formación de los bancos centrales en América Latina y sus reacciones frente a la Gran Depresión, incluyendo una sección sobre sus antecedentes más importantes. Se argumenta que los bancos centrales surgieron en América Latina desde 1923 en adelante a partir de coyunturas políticas, económicas y financieras particulares a cada nación del hemisferio. Sin embargo, resulta de notable interés proponer un análisis comparativo para establecer paralelos y contrastes. Se inicia el artículo con la revisión de algunos antecedentes históricos referentes a las políticas monetarias de principios del siglo XX en la región y del papel de los principales bancos antes de la formación de los bancos centrales. Seguidamente, se revisan algunas de las fuerzas que llevaron a la formación de los bancos centrales durante los años de 1920, y se comparan con la formación de los bancos centrales que surgieron después de la crisis de 1929.
La era del oro y el sector financiero: Antioquia 1850-1886
Authors:   Banco de la República, Botero María Mercedes
Published: June 2024

Este artículo presenta una exhaustiva revisión de las formas de comercio externo y el surgimiento de nuevos medios de pago en Antioquia en el período 1850-1886. Para ello, se realizó una investigación acerca de la prensa existente. Se acudió a la Sala de Periódicos de la Universidad de Antioquia y a los archivos documentales de la Sala Patrimonial de la Universidad EAFIT, descubriendo que, en los periódicos del siglo XIX orientados a los negocios y asuntos económicos, era frecuente encontrar asuntos relacionados con la letra de cambio. Así mismo aparecía una sección denominada “Revista del Mercado”, en la cual se consignaba valiosa información, como lo son datos alusivos al precio de las letras de cambio sobre el exterior.
Sizwe Bansi is Dead:
Authors: Havenga Marthinus Johannes
Published: June 2024

This essay examines the relationship between politics, performance, and identity by entering into dialogue with the play Sizwe Banzi is Dead by Athol Fugard, John Kani, and Winston Ntshona. First staged in 1972, the play delves into questions of identity within apartheid South Africa, telling the story of Sizwe Banzi, a migrant worker who must adopt a new identity to secure a work permit in Port Elizabeth. After tracing the play’s origins, the essay provides a detailed analysis of its plot. This is followed by a brief theological exploration of the play, considering its enduring relevance in contemporary identity discussions, both in South Africa and globally.
Abstracts of the National Congress with International Participation “Heart Failure 2023”. Moscow, December 8-9, 2023
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: June 2024

Abstracts of the National Congress with International Participation “Heart Failure 2023”. Moscow, December 8-9, 2023
On the Systemic Problems of Training Highly Qualified Engineering Personnel for Domestic Industry
Authors: Душин А.В. , Иванова А.Д.
Published: June 2024

Сегодняшнее производство испытывает серьезную нехватку высококвалифицированных инженерных кадров для реализации обозначенных Президентом Российской Федерации направлений развития страны: превосходство в области обеспечения безопасности государства, разработка прорывных направлений в области искусственного интеллекта, технологического лидерства и др. Статья посвящена проблемам недостаточно продуманной стратегии и политики в области подготовки квалифицированных кадров по инженерно-техническим специальностям, в том числе в аспирантуре Авторы обращают внимание на отсутствие атмосферы престижности инженерной науки, недостаточное финансирование аспирантов и отсутствие карьерных лифтов, реальной государственной и корпоративной защищенности молодых специалистов. Делается вывод о необходимости серьезных изменений в системе общественных ценностей и стимулов, обеспечения для молодых инженеров профессиональных, карьерных, финансовых перспектив, без чего невозможно воссоздать утраченную систему подготовки научно-технической элиты, разработки технологий мирового уровня, достижения технологического суверенитета страны.

Today's production is experiencing a serious shortage of highly qualified engineering personnel to implement the directions for the country's development outlined by the President of the Russian Federation: excellence in the field of ensuring state security, development of breakthrough areas in the field of artificial intelligence, technological leadership, etc. The article is devoted to the problems of insufficiently thought-out strategy and policy in the field of training qualified personnel in engineering and technical specialties, including in graduate school. The authors draw attention to the lack of an atmosphere of prestige in engineering science, insufficient funding for graduate students and the lack of career elevators, real state and corporate protection of young specialists. The conclusion is made about the need for serious changes in the system of social values and incentives, providing professional, career, and financial prospects for young engineers, without which it is impossible to recreate the lost system of training the scientific and technical elite, developing world-class technologies, and achieving the technological sovereignty of the country.
Approximations to the Moments of Order Statistics for Normal Distribution
Authors: Yılmaz Asuman , Kara Mahmut
Published: June 2024

Order statistics occupy an important place in statistical theory. They have an important place in many fields of applied statistics such as goodness of fit tests and parameter estimation. In addition, it is necessary to find the expected values of these order statistics in these application areas. However for some probability distributions, these expected values are very difficult to find such as the standard normal distribution. So the problem of finding the expected values of the order statistics in statistical theory is of importance. In this study, two novel approximation methods are proposed for the expected values of the order statistics of the standard normal distribution. Also, the true values with previously given approximations, simulation results and our proposed approximations are compared by using mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and maximum error (ME) criteria. Furthermore, to evaluate the performances of all approximation methods, we compute the differences between exact values and approximation values. Then, the plot of these differences against the exact values is given.  Based on both the plots and the comparison results, novel approximations fit the true values better than the other approximations presented in this paper.