bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometric analysis of the response of the r3327‐g rat prostatic adenocarcinoma to endocrine manipulation
Authors: Pollack Alan , Bagwell Charles B. , Block Norman L. , Irvin George L. , Claflin Alice J. , Stover Betty J.
Published: February 2007

The technique of flow cytometric DNA histogram analysis (FCM) shows there to be two distinct cell populations (diploid vs aneuploid) in the poorly differentiated R3327‐G rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. The following study compares tumor weight measurements with several FCM computer‐based methods designed to determine rapidly the proliferative status of tumors. Hypophysectomy, bilateral adrenalectomy, orchiectomy, sham operations, or diethyl‐stilbestrol treatments were initiated when the tumors were palpable (day 21) and continued until the tumors were excised (day 52). Hypophysectomy, orchiectomy, adrenalectomy, and diethylstilbestrol treatments all resulted in significant inhibition by tumor weight. Quantitation of the percentage of mid‐S phase aneuploid cells by summation gave the best correlation with tumor weight. Tumors grown in hypophysectomized, orchiectomized, adrenalectomized, or diethylstilbestrol‐treated animals showed a significant reduction in the proportion of mid‐S phase cells as compared with controls. The calculation of the percentage of all aneuploid cells was significantly reduced in hypophysectomy, orchiectomy, and diethylstilbestrol‐treated animals. However, tumors grown in adrenalectomized animals were not significantly different from controls by this method. Adrenalectomy was found to be the least effective form of therapy, and this was reflected in all of the parameters measured. These data show that FCM analysis may be useful in the quantitation of prostatic carcinoma response to therapy.
Spontaneous regression of breast carcinoma: Follow‐up report and literature review
Authors: Ross Michael B. , Buzdar Aman U. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Lukeman John M.
Published: February 2007

A case of spontaneous complete regression of metastatic breast carcinoma (malignant pleural effusion and bone metastases) with previously reported from M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute. The patient did not receive any form of hormonal manipulation or systemic chemotherapy. This patient has now relapsed after 72 months of spontaneous complete remission, and a follow‐up of her clinical history is presented. A search of the literature for previously reported instances of spontaneous regression of breast carcinoma indicates that this event is exceedingly rare.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in young adults
Authors: Amsterdam James T. , Strawitz Joseph G.
Published: February 2007

The 12 patients less than 35 years of age treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity at the American Oncologic Hospital between 1954‐1979 are examined. Group A (eight patients) had involvement of the tongue; Group B (4 patients) had carcinoma of other oral sites. Mean “T” stage for Group A and Group B was 1 and 1.5, respectively. Treatment was surgical in the majority of cases. Seventy‐one percent of Group A and 25% of Group B developed metastatic disease to the neck. The 2‐year survival rate was 57% (A) and 75% (B) — 75% combined. The collective results of this and other studies suggest lower control rates than those reported for older patients with similar initial presentations. The implications of this observation are discussed in relation to the management of the younger patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.
Radiation changes in vaginal and cervical cytology in carcinoma of the cervix uteri
Authors: Gupta Saroj , Gupta Y. N. , Sanyal B.
Published: February 2007

Radiation changes are observed in all postirradiated smears of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix from 56 females, although to a variable degree. After 1 year the changes subside gradually. A high cornification index is a good guide for recurrence. The significance of dysplastic cells as premonition for recurrence is debatable. The presence of malignant cells at any stage was considered of grave significance, and indicates poor radiation response or recurrence.
Attempts to bypass the need for splenectomy in splenic injury
Authors: Derisi D. , Petrelli N. S. , Cohen H. , Williams P. , Ambrus J. L.
Published: February 2007

Within the last decade spleen salvage has been a controversial issue. Only recently, with the advances and utilization of modern technology in surgery, spurred by a better understanding of this immunologically important organ, preservation has become a reality. Numerous approaches have been suggested. Reported is a simple method of applying a new agent, Fibrin Seal (FS), to control hemorrhage from splenic injury. In a controlled study using 14 mongrel dogs, it is compared to the hemostatic ability of cryoprecipitate with thrombin and Avitene. FS is an adhesive material with hemostatic qualities consisting of fibrinogen, factor XIII, antiplasmin, cold‐insoluble globulin, and platelet growth factor. FS appears to have cohesive and adhesive properties that result in more efficient hemostasis than the controls. FS conforms to the spleen surface, allowing manipulation of the organ without dislodgement of the coagulum. Follow‐up laparotomy showed minimal tissue reaction. On the basis of these data, consideration of FS as an important hemostatic agent warrants clinical investigation.
Benign glandular elements and decidual reaction in retroperitoneal lymph nodes
Authors: Yoonessi Mahmood , Satchindanand Sateesh K. , Ortinez Cesar G. , Goodell Thomas
Published: February 2007

Among 70 patients with gynecologic malignancies who underwent surgical staging and pelvic and periaortic lymphadenectomy, five were found to have benign glandular and/or stromal elements in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. In three instances, these were originally diagnosed as metastatic cancer. The literature on this subject is reviewed and its significance is discussed.
Fibroma of tendon sheath
Authors: Jablokow Victor R. , Kathuria Satinder
Published: February 2007

Three cases of fibromas involving tendon sheath of right index finger, left ring finger, and tibial ligament in a 62‐, a 54‐, and a 30‐year‐old male patient, respectively, are described. Two cases (1 and 2) represented painless, slowly enlarging masses that limited motion of the involved digits. The third case was discovered at surgery during the repair of a tibial ligament after a motorcycle accident. Following surgical excisions, no recurrences were present 18 months and 9 months after resection. The fibromas of tendon sheath origin are distinct entities and should be separated from other lesions of tendon sheaths. Trauma should be considered as the etiology. The fibromas are benign lesions but may recur.
Gastric stomal polypoid hyperplasia: Report of four cases
Authors: Jablokow Victor R. , Aranha Gerard V. , Reyes Cesar V.
Published: February 2007

Four cases of gastric stomal polypoid hyperplasia developing at the site of gastroenterostomy are reported. Their occurrence averages about 10 years following a Billroth II resection for peptic ulcer disease. The lesions may manifest clinically as tumor masses with gastric obstruction. Whether they represent an intermediate condition between gastroenterostomy and stomal cancer is conjectural.
Malignant schwannoma of the vagus nerve: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Rao Prakashchandra M. , Madden Robert E. , Cortes Luis E. , Rosenstock Arthur
Published: February 2007

A case of neuroectodermal tumor, a malignant schwannoma, of the cervical vagus nerve is presented. It had been previously misdiagnosed and was a recurrence. A review of the literature reveals this to be the sixth such case reported. The difficulties in establishing a diagnosis and the principals of adequate therapy are discussed; these include wide surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy to the tumor bed. The correct recognition of their malignant potential is essential for long‐term disease‐free survival.
Malignant melanoma with unknown primary site
Authors: Lopez R. , Holyoke E. D. , Moore R. H. , Karakousis C. P.
Published: February 2007

From 1955 to 1976, 129 patients were seen with metastatic malignant melanoma from an unknown primary site, comprising 8.1% of all the referred patients with malignant melanoma. Eighty‐two percent of the patients presented with a history of mass or lump.

Overall median survival and 5‐year survival rates after onset of symptoms were 10 months and 13%, respectively. Patients with lesions of the head and neck area had 5‐year disease‐free survival of 25%, whereas those with lymph node disease had a survival of 18%. Twenty‐nine patients with regional disease had wide excision (usually lymphadenectomy) and their 5‐year disease‐free survival was 58%.

Regional disease in patients with malignant melanoma of unknown primary site should be treated with radical surgical excision, since the survival is comparable or better to that of patients with regional disease having known and excised primary site.
Association between primary hyperparathyroidism and previous irradiation
Authors: Tamura Kazuo , Shimaoka Katsutaro , Spaulding Stephen , Shedd Donald
Published: February 2007

The association between primary hyperparathyroidism and previous irradiation was investigated in two study groups. Among 36 patients with hyperparathyroidism, 4 (11%) knew of having received radiation therapy. In the second group of 323 patients with a history of radiation exposure and nodular thyroid disease, 4 (1%), thus far, were found to have hyperparathyroidism.
Metastatic cancers to the neck from undetermined primary sites long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Roseman James M. , James Arthur G.
Published: February 2007

When a patient presents with a mass in the neck, diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology is recommended. This allows an accurate diagnosis of malignancy with minimal morbidity. Tissue planes, important in any future definite neck surgery, are not altered, as they would be from an excisional biopsy. Once the diagnosis of metastatic cancer is confirmed, thorough search for the primary tumor must be made. The history, physical examination, and radiographic and laboratory studies must be complete. Finding no origin of tumor, local treatment of the metastases must be done, with the objective being complete eradication of disease. Regular follow‐up, with a continual search for the primary malignancy is then recommended. The specifics of this approach and the results of our series are outlined.
Serum immunoglobulins in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Khanna N. N. , Das S. N. , Khanna Sushila
Published: February 2007

Serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) have been studied in 70 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity and in 40 age‐matched normal controls. The results were correlated with clinical stage, tumor size, lymph node status, tumor differentiation, and treatment modalities. There was a significant rise in serum IgM and IgA in oral cancer patients as compared to controls. It was further raised in advanced clinical stage, but tumor size and histological differentiation and treatment modalities (surgery and chemotherapy) do not seem to affect serum immunoglobulin levels. The observations implies that the extension and dissemination of tumor mass is the important factor for the change in serum immunoglobulin level in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.
Glucocorticoid‐induced exacerbation of metastatic human melanoma
Authors: Chaudhuri Prabir K. , Das Gupta Tapas K. , Beattie Craig W. , Walker Michael J.
Published: February 2007

The present study reports the effect of a potent glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, and the antiestrogen tamoxifen on the progression of metastatic melanoma in an adult male.
The chromosomal effects of the oral contraceptive
Authors: Bishun Nutan P.
Published: February 2007

A general review of reports on the chromosomal effects of oral contraceptive has been undertaken, and it is quite apparent that there is a scarcity of literature on these very important investigations. Also, those that have been undertaken, cannot be properly assessed on account of, one supposes, subjects' background and lack of numbers, differences in techniques and, above all, the small number of metaphases analyzed.

Apart from the report by Mills and colleagues [16], none of the reports mentioned exogenous agents to which the subjects might have been exposed, especially in cases where there has been an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations. All these considerations must be taken into account for, as yet, the reports are too conflicting to ‚indict’︁ the oral contraceptive as having chromosome‐breaking properties.
Hodgkin's disease in Greece: A retrospective clinicopathologic study of 78 cases
Authors: Floros Demosthenes , Papakyriazis Nicolas , Boutis Lazaros , Symeonidis Alexandros
Published: February 2007

The Rye histologic classification of Hodgkin's disease has been applied retrospectively to a series of 78 previously untreated cases of Hodgkin's disease. The patients have been followed for periods varying from 1 to 12 years. Mixed cellularity was the most common histologic type. Nodular sclerosis had an intermediate frequency, and lymphocytic predominance and lymphocytic depletion showed the lowest incidence. The sex incidence showed a male predominance in all histologic types except the nodular sclerosis, where prevalence of females was noted. The study confirms the better prognosis of the lymphocytic predominance and nodular sclerosis in comparison with the poor prognosis of the mixed cellularity and the very poor prognosis of the lymphocytic depletion. Nodular sclerosis presented with higher incidence in the mediastinum; it occurred mainly in young females and it exhibited a relatively good prognosis, findings which support the accepted view that nodular sclerosis comprises a distinct clinical and biological type of the disease. A marked difference in the survival rates in Stages I and II as compared to those of Stages III and IV was found.
Desquamation of malignant cells in carcinoma of the uterine cervix: Its role in prognosis
Authors: Gupta Saroj , Gupta Y. N. , Rani Abha , Sanyal B. , Khanna S.
Published: February 2007

Percentage of malignant cell exfoliation in relation to that of benign epithelial cells was studied in pretreatment vaginal smears of 251 patients of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. The rate of exfoliation did not increase with increasing clinical severity. Also, the various cell types of squamous cell carcinoma and clinical radiation response were independent of number of malignant cells shed in the vagina. However, the group of patients having a fewer number of malignant cells in their vaginal smears had a statistically significantly better five‐year survival.
The flexible implant in treatment of rectal carcinomas
Authors: Vider Manuel , Lim Nancy , Ditlow Richard , Au Francis , Gennaro Anthony R.
Published: February 2007

A modified technique for removable afterloading Iridium‐192 implantation is described. Under local or general anesthesia, a series of flexible tygone tubes are introduced into all the tumor area in the rectum. This technique is especially suitable for palliation in high‐risk, elderly patients. No rectal tube is necessary in this technique.
A bottleneck of sputum cytology in mass survey for lung cancer: An approach to detect early stage lung cancer by sputum cytology
Authors: Hashimoto Takeshi , Sawamura Kenji , Furuse Kiyoyuki , Kawahara Masaaki , Kishida Toshiko , Teramoto Tomoaki , Kusunoki Yoko , Fukuoka Masahiro
Published: February 2007

Aiming at early detection of “hilar‐type” lung cancer by sputum examination, we examined the morphological characteristics of what we call “early cancer” cells which were observed in the sputum of 22 cases of hilar‐type early stage lung cancer. Two types of cells were found: “superficial‐type” cancer cells and “parabasal‐type” cancer cells. Cytological screening needs great care, because the cytoscreener is liable to mistake these cancer cells for normal‐ranged epithelial cells. It has become easier to detect early lung cancer by looking for not only superficial‐type cells but also parabasal‐type cells.
Localized magnetic‐loop induction hyperthermia of the rabbit brain
Authors: Silberman Allan W. , Morgan David F. , Storm F. Kristian , Rand Robert W. , Bubbers J. Eric , Brown W. Jann , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

The Magnetrode magnetic‐loop applicator has been used for deep internal hyperthermia with minimal toxicity and without normal tissue injury. Until now, the effects of localized radiofrequency hyperthermia on the brain have not been adequately studied because of the potential hazards involved in trying to effect brain heating while preserving overlaying surface tissues. We found that normal rabbit brain could be heated to potentially tumoricidal temperatures (42–43°C) without apparent histopathologic or clinical damage to brain, skull, external eye, subcutaneous tissue, or skin.
Functioning paraganglioma in the organ of Zuckerkandl associated with esophagus carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Nishiyama Tatsuyoshi , Ono Minoru , Nohe Tomoyuki , Seo Yosuke , Hara Yasuhiro , Abe Muneaki , Hayashi Itsuro
Published: February 2007

A case of extrameduflary pheochromocytoma in the organ of Zuckerkandl is reported. Moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was found concomitantly. Despite the significant elevation of catecholamine levels in the plasma and urine, the value of vanillylmandelic acid was only slightly elevated.
Parotid gland metastatic carcinoma of breast origin
Authors: Wiesel Jochanan M. , Weshler Zeev , Sherman Yoav , Gay Isaac
Published: February 2007

Three patients who presented with a clinically solitary intraparotid metastasis from breast carcinoma are reported. The entity of metastatic disease in the parotid gland is reviewed. The importance of histologic distinction between primary and metastatic neoplasms of the parotid and the treatment approach are stressed.
On the treatment and prognosis of malignant ascites: Is the survival time determined when the abdominal paracentesis is needed?
Authors: Appelqvist Pertti , Silvo Jouni , Salmela Liisa , Kostiainen Seppo
Published: February 2007

We review a series of 100 consecutive cases of malignancy treated for as cites with abdominal paracentesis. The results of treatment for ascites with intracavitary Thiotepa are reported for 23 patients. The temporary partial response rate was 8/23 (35%) patients. There were symptoms of intestinal obstruction in five patients (22%) treated with Thiotepa, and one of these patients died of intestinal obstruction. In 60% of autopsied patients there were abundant intestinal adhesions in the peritoneal cavity after Thiotepa. We concluded that Thiotepa is contraindicated for instillation into the peritoneal cavity. The median survival time for patients with carcinoma of the mammary gland was 47 days, carcinoma of the ovary 121 days, and carcinoma of the large intestine 54 days after the first abdominal paracentesis. We found that patients without clinical liver metastasis at the time of first abdominal paracentesis had almost three times longer median survival time than that of patients with metastatic liver. In four cases the immediate cause of death was a complication of an abdominal paracentesis.
The limitations of preoperative grading of rectal carcinoma
Authors: Chapuis P. H. , Newland R. C. , Dent O. F. , Jaworski R. , Watson D. , Pheils M. T.
Published: February 2007

In 103 patients who had a preoperative biopsy before resection of a single carcinoma of the rectum, the grading of the biopsy by one pathologist was compared to the definitive grade. Only 62% of the biopsies were correctly assessed, and the tendency was to underestimate the grade with few tumors being described correctly as high grade. This suggests that the grading of biopsy fragments has definite limitations and is of limited value when selecting patients for conservative treatment of rectal carcinoma.
Emergency pericardiotomy as primary diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in malignant pericardial tamponade: Report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Appelqvist P. , Maamies T. , Grohn P.
Published: February 2007

Three cases are presented in which pericardial tamponade was the first indication of malignant disorder. The diagnosis and therapy of malignant cardiac tamponade was revealed by emergency pericardiotomy. In all cases the tumor was an adenomatous carcinoma and the site of primary tumor was unknown until death. The median survival time after onset of symptoms was 4 months. The primary site was the lungs in two and remained unknown autopsy in one case.
Preliminary trial of combination therapy with adriamycin and radiation in sarcomas and other malignant tumors
Authors: Sordillo Peter P. , Magill Gordon B. , Schauer Peter K. , Vikram Bhadrasain , Kim Jae H. , Hilaris Basil S.
Published: February 2007

Based on reports of synergism between adriamycin and radiation therapy in experimental systems, a trial was initiated testing this combination in 53 adult patients with various advanced malignancies, especially sarcomas. Since studies have suggested a selective sensitization of hypoxic cells when this drug is given prior to radiation, an injection of low‐dose adriamycin was given 90 min before radiation. This treatment was repeated every 7 days. The combination was most effective in the 30 patients with soft‐tissue sarcomas, with 62% of these patients having partial or complete responses. Responses were less good in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma or with other tumors. The toxicity of the combined treatment was moderate. Further trials of this combination are warranted.
A model of experimental isolation perfusion using cis‐platinum
Authors: Wile A. G. , Guilmette E. , Friedberg H. , Mason G. R.
Published: February 2007

An animal model has been devised to investigate effects of hyperthermia and chemotherapeutic agents on normal and neoplastic tissue. This model uses the rabbit as the experimental animal and will permit the passage of the transplantable VX‐2 carcinoma. The technique described parallels clinical isolation‐perfusion and utilizes cis‐platinum as the chemotherapeutic agent. This model has proven to be reliable and consistent in achieving tissue temperature at therapeutic ranges and has documented the safety of using cis‐platinum in this mode of therapy.
Chondroma of the larynx
Authors: Schittek Anton , James Arthur G.
Published: February 2007

Chondroma of the larynx is rare, but should be suspected in elderly patients with persistent voice changes or recurrent colds when carcinoma has been disproved. We report a patient with chondroma of the larynx. The diagnosis was established following complications associated with anesthesia for an unrelated ailment.
The Management of breast carcinoma in pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Hornstein E. , Skornick Y. , Rozin R.
Published: February 2007

Until recent years, the prognosis for breast cancer in pregnancy and lactation was regarded as grave. The current new data suggest that pregnant women with early breast carcinoma may be treated in the same way as nonpregnant women without affecting pregnancy. However, women with breast cancer in their first trimester of pregnancy and in whom axillary lymph nodes are involved, should receive chemotherapy and have their pregnancy terminated. Toward the end of pregnancy, adjuvant therapy, when needed, can be delayed until after delivery. In patients with advanced disease pregnancy should be terminated and subsequent treatment initiated. During lactation, diagnosis of breast carcinoma requires suppression of lactation by means other than estrogens. The carcinoma will be treated by standard methods. After radical mastectomy for breast cancer, subsequent pregnancies are allowed but should be delayed until the period of greatest risk has passed.
Influences of operative stress on cell‐mediated immunity and on tumor metastasis and their prevention by nonspecific immunotherapy: Experimental studies in rats
Authors: Tanemura Hiromi , Sakata Kazuki , Kunieda Tokuro , Saji Shigetoyo , Yamamoto Satoru , Takekoshi Tomoharu
Published: February 2007

Influences of operative stress on nonspecific cell‐mediated immunity and on liability to tumor metastasis and preventive effects thereon of a non‐specific immunopotentiator OK‐432 were examined. Syngeneic female SD rats were inoculated SC with 200 mg of a transplantable mammary carcinoma MRMT‐1 at the dorsal flank. After 2 weeks the tumor was surgically excised simply or combined with 30‐min laparotomy. It was revealed by follow‐up examination that the laparotomy stress significantly increased incidence of postoperative lung metastasis. It was found that PHA‐induced blastogenesis of peripheral lymphocytes was markedly reduced in the early period following laparotomy. Preoperative or postoperative (especially the former) administration of OK‐432 was effective for preventing both the postlaparotomy facilitation of lung metastasis and the postlaparotomy reduction in PHA lymphoblastogenesis.
The effect of total body microwave hyperthermia and hepatic artery ligation on liver tumors—an experimental study in rats
Authors: Carlsson Goran , Hafström Larsolof , Hugander Anders , Jönsson Per‐Ebbe , Bolmsjö Magnus , Persson Bertil
Published: February 2007

The effect of general microwave hyperthermia and hepatic artery ligation (HAL) was tested on Wistar rats with a transplanted N‐methyl‐N‐nitroso‐guanidine‐induced adenocarcinoma in the liver. Total body hyperthermia (41.5°C for 1 hour, three times during 24 hours) was given on the same day as HAL, and 1, 2, and 3 days after. HAL induced a slower tumor growth than untreated controls. No additive effect was registered when total body microwave hyperthermia was added to HAL. When hyperthermia was added 2 days after HAL, there was a transient decrease in tumor volume as in the HAL series. Total body microwave hyperthermia added 3 days after HAL induced a faster tumor growth than after HAL alone. When hyperthermia was added the same day and 1 day after HAL, there was a 50% mortality.
Giant condyloma acuminatum (Buschke‐Lowenstein tumor) involving a pilonidal sinus: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Norris C. S.
Published: February 2007

Giant condyloma acuminatum or Buschke‐Lowenstein tumor has been reported to involve many areas about the perineum. The majority of previous documentations have implicated the coronal sulcus, prepuce, and fossa navicularis of the penis as the most likely foci to support growth. Authors have contributed multiple cases of perianal and rectal involvement as well as rare reports of inguinal, bladder, and endocervix‐low uterine segment tumors.

A case of giant condyloma acuminatum involving a chronic pilonidal sinus overlying the sacrum is described. Wide surgical extirpation was found to be a curative means of management.
Depression of monocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity by renal carcinoma and restoration through therapy
Authors: Unsgaard Geirmund , Eggen Bjørn Magne , Lamvik Jon
Published: February 2007

The cytotoxic ability of freshly isolated monocytes against the tumor cell line K‐562 was severely depressed in patients with renal cell carcinoma. The impaired cytotoxicity was partly restored 2 weeks after nephrectomy. Production of monocyte‐activating lymphokine, measured as ability to activate tumor cytotoxicity in control monocytes, was depressed in lymphocytes from patients with tumor burden. The impaired lymphokine production seemed to be due to factors in patient serum. Patient monocytes showed an impaired ability to be activated by lymphokines. Products from patient lymphocytes were not able to activate the tumor cytotoxicity of patient monocytes.
Extrarenal wilms tumor
Authors: Adam Yehuda C. , Rosen Ada , Oland Jan , Wallach Natalio , Reif Renata
Published: February 2007

A retroperitoneal extrarenal Wilms tumor arising from an embryonic crest of renal tissue on a 10‐year‐old boy is reported. The histogenesis of such tumor is discussed.
Paget's disease of the male breast: A clinicopathologic study and a collective review
Authors: Gupta S. , Khanna N. N. , Khanna S. , Gupta S.
Published: February 2007

Two cases of Paget's disease of the male breast were detected in a retrospective histopathological review of 27 cases of male breast cancer treated during a period of 13 years from 1966 through 1978. The clinico‐pathological data on these two rare cases have been compared with the 23 histologically documented cases of Paget's disease of the male breast from the literature.
Relationship between body weight and the incidence of positive axillary nodes at mastectomy for breast cancer
Authors: Zumoff Barnett , Dasgupta Indira
Published: February 2007

The question, whether obesity is associated with an increased incidence of positive axillary nodes at mastectomy for breast cancer, was studied in two quite different hospital populations; one from a large urban teaching hospital (Montefiore) and one from a medium‐sized Air Force medical center (Malcolm Grow). In the Montefiore population, the answer was “yes”; 67% of the node‐positive patients, but only 31% of the nodenegative patients were obese (20% or more above ideal weight) (p < 0.05). In the Malcolm Grow population, the answer was “no”; 20% of the node‐positive and 20% of the node‐negative patients were obese. The different answers, we believe, are due to the biological differences between the populations; the Montefiore population was shorter (by an average of 1.7 inches), heavier (by an average of 20 lbs), and more obese. The incidence of obesity was about three times as high in the Montefiore population (52% versus 20%; p < 0.02) and it contained a statistically distinct subpopulation of obese patients, while the few obese patients in the Malcolm Grow population constituted merely the upper tail of a unimodal log‐normal distribution of weight in that population. We propose that it is possible to demonstrate a relationship of obesity to node‐positivity in the Montefiore population but not in the Malcolm Grow population because obesity was highly prevalent in the former and almost nonexistent in the latter. It seems self‐evident that it is not possible to demonstrate an effect of obesity in a population if that population manifests no significant obesity, statistically speaking, but disregarding this principle, we believe, may account for the controversy in the literature about whether obesity is a risk factor in breast cancer.
A modification of the (75se) selenomethionine assay for the detection of complement‐dependent antibody in human tumor systems
Authors: Avis Ingalill L. , Avis Frederick P.
Published: February 2007

A modification of Brook's prelabeling (75SE) selenomethionine assay was developed and evaluated for detection of complement‐dependent antibody (CDA) in a human tumor system. CDA was indeed detected in some breast cancer patients' sera. To determine whether the assay was reliable and reproducible, xenoantibodies were raised in rabbits by immunization with a human breast cancer line, Sk‐Br‐3, and tested against that line and five other unrelated human cancer lines. Multiple tests were performed on separate days. It can be concluded from the data that the assay is reliable and reproducible. The assay has wide application in investigating the biologic role of complement‐dependent antibody activity in human and experimental animal tumor systems.
Development and evaluation of cancer chemotherapy drug information cards (DIC)
Authors: Khandekar Janardan D.
Published: February 2007

Cancer patients often receive multiple drugs. It is often difficult for them to differentiate between signs and symptoms caused by cancer from those induced by medications. Drug information cards (DIC) may serve a useful purpose to circumvent some of these problems. Here I describe DICs and their evaluation by patients. A vast majority (85%) of patients approved of these cards, and 67% would recommend them to others. I conclude that DICs are useful for cancer patients, and their role in nononcologic patients needs evaluation.
Carcinoembryonic antigen and interferon as tumor markers in breast cancer
Authors: Horn Yoav , Hacohen Dalia , Zeidman Jacob L. , Walach Natalio , Sharf Sally , Heller Adi , Salzberg Samuel
Published: February 2007

A total of 239 determinations of CEA plasma levels were performed for 83 breast cancer patients during chemotherapy or follow‐up. In addition, 137 plasma samples were assayed for interferon levels. Patient clinical status was carefully scored according to objective criteria and recorded at each evaluation. Liver function tests (LFT) were performed to establish a full clinical picture at each visit. The results obtained proved a 73 to 83% positivity rate when the results of the 4 tests were compared. The importance of routine CEA assays and careful clinical evaluation and LFT are stressed. An analysis of interferon levels defined 4 distinct groups that differed by the amount of interferon present and also by clinical status and CEA levels. The results are discussed in terms of tumor volume‐dependent interferon production.
In vitro chemotherapy sensitivity testing of primary human colorectal carcinomas
Authors: Agrez Michael V. , Lieber Michael M.
Published: February 2007

The cells obtained from 138 tumor samples taken from 135 patients with colorectal malignancies were cultured in vitro in a soft agar colony formation assay similar to that of Salmon and colleagues [1]. Significant colony formation occurred for 63 (51%) of evaluable tumor cultures, 53 of which were also tested against chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. The median number of drugs tested per tumor was 15. Using 70% inhibition of colony formation as the criterion for significant drug‐induced cytotoxicity, only 3/53 (6%) of the tumors were noted to be sensitive to any drug. When colony counts generated by initially plated small tumor cell aggregates were taken into account, 8/40 (20%) of the tumors were noted to be sensitive in vitro to one or more agents. Because of the low rate of drug sensitivity found with this in vitro assay, its current role in the prospective assignment of chemotherapeutic treatment for patients with colorectal carcinoma is somewhat limited.
Cutaneous signs of internal malignancies
Authors: Helm Frederick
Published: February 2007

The more common paraneoplastic skin changes associated with internal malignancies (acanthosis nigricans, dermatomyositis, secondary ichthyosis) are discussed. The rare glucagonoma syndrome, consisting of alpha cell tumor of the pancreas, migratory necrolytic erythema, and diabetes mellitus, is described. The importance of recognition of these skin lesions may lead to early detection of the underlying cancer with possible cure.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the gallbladder: A case report
Authors: Kristofferson Anders O. , Domellöf Lennart , Emdin Stefan O. , Kullenberg Krister
Published: February 2007

A patient case with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the gallbladder is presented. This rare malignancy is occasionally found within the abdominal cavity. However, to our knowledge this is the first report of this tumor within the biliary tract. Diagnostic, therapeutic, and etiological aspects are discussed.
A Product report: Osto‐Zyme as an odor eliminator
Authors: Jackson Mildred , Kimmins Charlotte S. , Young Cynthia M. , Scarpino Lucia , Foster Sandra L.
Published: February 2007

A product, Osto‐Zyme, was clinically tested at our Institute for the elimination of odor. Thirteen clients were chosen by enterostomal therapists to be tested. The product was sprayed directly into pouch, peristomal skin, and into night drainage units. This product proved very effective in the elimination of odor. The manufacturer of Osto‐Zyme is the Richard C. Shelton Co., Wright Brothers Branch, Dayton, Ohio.
Clinically significant intestinal metastasis from a primary bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Morris Don M. , Deitch Edwin A.
Published: February 2007

Although abdominal metastasis from lung cancer are not unusual postmortem findings, they are rarely of clinical significance. Our patient's clinical course was complicated by intestinal obstruction secondary to metastatic lung cancer. With the current epidemic of lung cancer, we can expect more patients with abdominal complaints secondary to metastatic disease. In these patients, survival time averaged less than 60 days.
Long‐term survivors after adjuvant pelvic irradiation in rectal and sigmoid carcinoma: An assessment of late results
Authors: Kopelson Gene
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐six patients with adenocarcinomas of the rectum, rectosigmoid, or sigmoid colon given adjuvant pre‐ or postoperative pelvic radiation therapy followed at least 5 years were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate late tumor control and complication rates. The overall 7‐year survival rate was 80 ± 8% with B2,3, patients faring better than C2,3 (94 ± 6% versus 43 ± 19%, p < 0.005). Local pelvic tumor control was achieved in 23/26 patients (88%); patients with high‐stage (C2,3) or poorly‐differentiated adenocarcinomas had a higher postirradiation pelvic relapse rate (3/11) versus low stage, well or moderately‐well differentiated tumors (0/15). A major complication (none fatal) occurred in 2 of 26 patients (8%) and was not correlated with either irradiation dose nor volume.

Long‐term follow‐up is now available on patients who received adjuvant pelvic irradiation for rectal or sigmoid carcinomas and indicates a high pelvic tumor control rate. The 8% major complication rate may be decreased in the future by more sophisticated irradiation treatment planning.
Operative finding, treatment, and prognosis of carcinoma of the pancreas: An analysis of 267 cases
Authors: Appelqvist P. , Virén M. , Minkkinen J. , Kajanti M. , Kostiainen S. , Rissanen P.
Published: February 2007

Two hundred sixty‐seven laparotomized patients with pancreatic cancer during the period 1947 to 1980 were retrospectively analyzed. In 199 histologically confirmed cases of pancreatic carcinoma the tumor was only local with no invasion to neighboring tissues or distant metastases in 15% of the cases at the primary laparotomy and diagnosis stages, and the survival rates after 1, 3, and 5 years were 22%, 3% and 1%, respectively. The prognosis was a little better if a patient was over 70 years old, duration of symptoms was more than one year, the reason for laparotomy was cholecystopathy, the tumor was stage I, the treatment was a combination therapy of pancreatic resection and postoperative irradiation (with a depth dose of ≥ 4,000 rad). We concluded that, excluding the extremely rare cases of pancreatic carcinoma which are cured with pancreatic resection, the survival of patients after primary operation is correlated nearly in the same way with the given treatment and the stage of the disease. It seems that at present the only possibility of improving the results of treatment in pancreatic carcinoma is to develop the combined treatment of surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy.
Breast carcinoma: Pattern of metastasis at autopsy
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N. (Margaret)
Published: February 2007

Breast cancer is known to metastasize to all organs of the human body, and its manifestations are protean. It is almost impossible to predict which organ system will be invaded. Since 1950, there are seven autopsy series of patients with breast carcinoma published in the English literature. All data came from American hospitals (total of 2,147 patients), and each report studied more than 100 patients with breast cancer. The reported incidence of involvement of different organ sites are presented in Table I. Although the data came from different institutions and spanned over 35 years (1943–1977), the findings regarding metastatic involvement of specific organs are fairly similar.
Comparison of chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy and radiation therapy of extensive small cell carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Wilson Henry E. , Stanley Kenneth , Vincent Ronald G. , Mountain Clifton F. , Sealy Rossall , Cohen Martin , Chen Tah Yee , Batley Frank , Kilman James , Kakos Gerard , Vasko John , Williams Thomas E. , Tucker Robert D.
Published: February 2007

In a randomized study 145 patients with extensive small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with chemotherapy alone (Cytoxan, CCNU, methotrexate) or with the same drug regimen and with radiation therapy to the brain, chest, and abdomen. One hundred eighteen of these patients were evaluable. Those patients receiving radiation had a better response rate (55% vs 31%, P = .016) but significantly greater toxicity. There was no signficant difference in rates of complete response (7% vs 8%) or in survival (median 18.4 vs 15.3 weeks) between the two groups overall. The median survival of those patients with a partial resonse to therapy was 18 weeks; for those achieving a complete response it was 46 weeks. However, a clear difference in survival comparing responders with non‐responders was evident only for patients who were assigned to chemotherapy alone. Partial regressions have little, if any, correlation with improvement in survival. Therapy in this disease must be oriented toward inducing complete response.
Small primary de novo adenocarcinoma of the colon with mesenteric lymphatic metastasis
Authors: Jelinek Gary P. , Nava Hector R. , Nime Freda
Published: February 2007

It is felt that the majority of colorectal carcinomas develop by malignant degeneration of previously benign adenomatous polyps. A small primary colon carcinoma, thought to have developed de novo directly from the colonic mucosa without the usual polyp‐cancer sequence, is reported. This small nonulcerated lesion did not have the gross endoscopic appearance of a carcinoma and was associated with lymphatic metastasis. The need to include fiber‐optic colonoscopy as part of the routine preoperative work‐up and postoperative follow‐up to rule out synchronous and metachronous lesions not detected by barium contrast x‐ray studies is stressed.
Immunodiagnosis of tumors in vivo using radiolabeled monoclonal antibody A2B5
Authors: Reintgen Douglas S. , Shimizu Kazuo , Coleman Edward , Briner William , Kitzmiller John , Eisenbarth George , Seigler H. F.
Published: February 2007

Recently a murine monoclonal antibody (A2B5) has been described that reacts with a membrane associated GQ ganglioside common to peptide secreting normal cells and tumors. In vitro binding data demonstrated the presence of this ganglioside on neurons, adrenal medulla, and pancreatic islets, along with neuroendocrine tumors such as insulinomas, pheochromocytomas, melanomas and neuroblastomas. Negative binding has previously been shown for tissue sections from liver, kidney, colon, lung, stomach, and tumors not derived from the neural crest. Because of the specificity at A2B5 in vitro, this monoclonal antibody was labeled with 131I for in vivo tumor localization studies. Daily radionuclear scans were obtained in 5 KX rats bearing the radiation induced rat insulinoma with disappearance of the label from the blood pool and concentration in the tumor so that by the fourth day, the only activity present by scan was in the insulinoma. Tissue‐counting data showed tumor/blood ratios (av ± SE, 1.29 ± 0.25) of A2B5 activity two to ten times the average activity found in other organs (0.28 ± 0.05). No tumor concentration of the control nonspecific monoclonal antibody P3X63 was evident (0.27 ± 0.04). In addition A2B5 also localized to five different human melanoma cells lines grown in nude mice with high tumor/blood levels (1.04 ± 0.27) compared to normal tissues (0.32 ± 0.05) (P = .0005), while no localization is seen in nudes carrying osteosarcomas, colon, bladder, and renal cell carcinomas. In addition antibody A2B5 did not concentrate in any normal tissue though the antigen is present on several. The finding that A2B5 reacts across species lines (mouse, rat, man) lends itself to obvious diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities.
Hibernoma: Ultrastructural observations
Authors: Fleishman Jay S. , Schwartz Robert Allen
Published: February 2007

A light and electron microscopic study of a hibernoma and a brief discussion of the functional role of brown fat are presented. The multivacuolar cells composing brown fat have central round nuclei with prominent nucleoli. The quantity of mitochondria and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of the cells varies considerably. The electron microscopic findings of hibernoma include multivacuolated and univacuolated cells with varying numbers of lipid vacuoles, lysosomes, lipofuscin granules, pinocytotic vesicles, and possibly prominent subplasmalemmal condensations. Interesting findings in this case include the presence of amorphous diastase resistant perodic acid (PAS) Schiff positive peripheral cytoplasmic masses which are variable in size and shape. These collections also appear extra‐cellularly. The presence of these masses, presumably composed of neutral mucopolysaccharides, has not, to our knowledge, been recorded previously.
The relationship of histamine H2 receptor‐bearing suppressor cells with the growth and metastasis of FANFT‐induced bladder cancer
Authors: Babayan Richard K. , Osband Michael E. , Carpinito Gennaro A. , Ho Zheng Sen , Cohen Ellen B. , Krane Robert J.
Published: February 2007

A poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma in C3H/He mice results from the oral ingestion of the urinary tract carcinogen FANFT. This model, designated MBT2, is readily transplantable into syngeneic animals and has proven to be very useful in the development of chemotherapy. Prior to the use of this model for the testing of potential immunotherapeutic strategies, we have attempted to characterize the immunobiology of this tumor line. We report that the primary growth of this tumor in the footpad and its metastasis to lung are correlated with the development of increased numbers of suppressor cells, characterized by the expression of a surface histamine H2 receptor. These cells are originally evident in spleen and become maximal approximately 4 weeks after tumor implantation. This is followed by the migration of these cells from spleen to peripheral blood, an event that parallels the growth and eventual metastasis of this implanted transitional cell carcinoma. These events may have important significance for the development of immunomodulating therapy against bladder cancer.
Human breast cancer and impaired NK cell function
Authors: Garner Warren L. , Minton John P. , James Arthur G. , Hoffmann C. C.
Published: February 2007

Recent advances in tumor immunology have led to the discovery of a new lymphoid cell with unique antitumor activity. Natural killer (NK) cells form an antitumor surveillance system and appear to be vital in preventing tumor growth and metastasis in animal models. We studied NK activity in patients with benign and malignant breast disease, using a chromium‐51 release microtiter cytotoxicity assay with K562 cells as targets. Compared with benign controls, patients with malignancies had significantly depressed NK‐mediated lysis (P < 0.01). Furthermore, lysis in those with advanced disease (stages II, III, and IV) was significantly less than in those with limited disease (stage I) (P < 0.01). NK activity was not correlated to estrogen or progesterone receptor states. Positive correlation of a depressed natural killer activity with the extent of tumor spread supports the concept of an NK cell immune surveillance system in breast cancer and emphasizes its importance in this malignancy.
The search for a consensus for early detection of bilateral seminoma
Authors: Danielli Lavy
Published: February 2007

A case of bilateral seminoma of the the testis is presented that occured after a lag period of six years following right orchiectomy, even with correct cobalt therapy. The question of early detection of seminoma in the other testis is posed. A common consensus for repeat biopsies to detect new tumor growth should be determined.