bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delusion Proneness and Emotion Appraisal in Individuals with High Psychosis Vulnerability
Authors: Szily Erika , Kéri Szabolcs
Published: January 2012

Evidence suggests that emotional processes play an important role in the development of delusions. The aim of the present study was to investigate emotion appraisal in individuals with high and low psychosis proneness. We compared 30 individuals who experienced a transient psychotic episode followed by a complete remission with 30 healthy control volunteers. The participants received the Peters et al. Delusion Inventory (PDI) and the Scherer's Emotion Appraisal Questionnaire. We also assessed the IQ and the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results revealed that individuals with high psychosis proneness displayed increased PDI scores and more pronounced anxiety compared with individuals with low psychosis proneness. There was a specific pattern of emotion appraisal in individuals with high psychosis proneness. In the case of fear, they achieved higher scores for external causality and immorality, and lower scores for coping ability and self‐esteem compared with individuals with low proneness. The PDI scores were weakly related to external causality (r = 0.41) and self‐esteem (r = −0.37). In the case of sadness and joy, no emotion appraisal differences were found between participants with low and high proneness. These results suggest that individuals who had a history of psychotic breakdown and therefore exhibit high psychosis proneness display an altered appraisal of fear, emphasizing external circumstances, feeling less power to cope and experience low self‐esteem. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Patients remitted from a transient psychotic episode still exhibit milder forms of delusion proneness.

Emotion appraisal for fear is related to delusion proneness.

Clinicians should pay a special attention to self‐esteem and attribution biases in psychosis‐prone individuals.
Design of reliable fiber‐based distribution networks modeled by multi‐objective combinatorial optimization
Authors: Haidine Abdelfatteh
Published: January 2012

In this work, we investigate the planning of hybrid fiber/very high bit rate digital subscriber line (HFV) access networks. This HFV variant is considered as an alternative to passive optical access network. It consists of implementing optical fibers in the access network part from the central office to the street cabinets, whereas the very high bit rate digital subscriber line technology is used in the last meter part, from street cabinets to subscribers. Firstly, we discuss the different tasks of this planning problem. We model this planning problem as a multi‐objective optimization problem, where different conflicting objectives have to be optimized at the same time. We consider network costs and network reliability. This problem is solved by two different approaches: the classical single‐objective optimization (SOO) and the multi‐objective optimization (MOO), which is a recent optimization approach that is gaining an increasing interest in practical optimization problems. MOO solves the problem by searching for different optimal trade‐offs between the optimization objectives. The performances of SOO and MOO are analyzed and compared with each other using three network instances. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zebrafish cadherin‐11 participates in retinal differentiation and retinotectal axon projection during visual system development
Authors: Clendenon Sherry G. , Sarmah Swapnalee , Shah Bijal , Liu Qin , Marrs James A.
Published: January 2012

Background: Cadherins orchestrate tissue morphogenesis by controlling cell adhesion, migration and differentiation. Various cadherin family members are expressed in the retina and other neural tissues during embryogenesis, regulating development of these tissues. Cadherin‐11 (Cdh11) is expressed in mesenchymal, bone, epithelial, neural and other tissues, and this cadherin was shown to control cell migration and differentiation in neural crest, tumor and bone cells. Our previous studies characterized Cdh11 expression and function in zebrafish. Results: Here, we report effects of Cdh11 loss‐of‐function on visual system development using morpholino oligonucleotide knockdown methods. Cdh11 is expressed in the retina and lens during retinal differentiation. Cdh11 loss‐of‐function produced defects in retinal differentiation and lens development. Cdh11 loss‐of‐function also reduced retinotectal axon projection and organization, consistent with known Cdh11 function in cell migration. Conclusion: Cdh11 expression in the developing visual system and Cdh11 loss‐of‐function phenotype illustrates the critical role for differential cadherin activity in visual system differentiation and organization. Developmental Dynamics 241:442–454, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization and Stability Study of Immobilized PQQ‐Dependent Aldose Dehydrogenase Bioanodes
Authors: Tuurala Saara , Lau Carolin , Atanassov Plamen , Smolander Maria , Minteer Shelley D.
Published: January 2012

In this paper, glucose oxidizing bioanodes employing immobilized PQQ‐dependent aldose dehydrogenase were prepared and characterized. The enzyme was immobilized on carbon paper in two different polymeric systems: tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) modified Nafion and butanal modified chitosan. Characterization of the bioanodes included electron microscopy, electrochemical evaluation, as well as stability and leaching studies. Results indicate that the operational degradation was the same but the long term storage stability is better in the case of modified Nafion. The performance of the modified Nafion immobilized bioanodes stayed at 70 % of the initial value after 60 days of storing at 4 °C and 25 °C. Compared to TBAB modified Nafion immobilized bioanodes, butanal modified chitosan immobilized bioanodes showed 50 % activity after eight weeks storage at 4°C and one week storage at 25 °C. However, the electrochemical properties of modified chitosan were better.
Uncoupling of RAD51 focus formation and cell survival after replication fork stalling in RAD51D null CHO cells
Authors: Urbin Salustra S. , Elvers Ingegerd , Hinz John M. , Helleday Thomas , Thompson Larry H.
Published: January 2012

In vertebrate cells, the five RAD51 paralogs (XRCC2/3 and RAD51B/C/D) enhance the efficiency of homologous recombination repair (HRR). Stalling and breakage of DNA replication forks is a common event, especially in the large genomes of higher eukaryotes. When cells are exposed to agents that arrest DNA replication, such as hydroxyurea or aphidicolin, fork breakage can lead to chromosomal aberrations and cell killing. We assessed the contribution of the HRR protein RAD51D in resistance to killing by replication‐associated DSBs. In response to hydroxyurea, the isogenic rad51d null CHO mutant fails to show any indication of HRR initiation, as assessed by induction RAD51 foci, as expected. Surprisingly, these cells have normal resistance to killing by replication inhibition from either hydroxyurea or aphidicolin, but show the expected sensitivity to camptothecin, which also generates replication‐dependent DSBs. In contrast, we confirm that the V79 xrcc2 mutant does show increased sensitivity to hydroxyurea under some conditions, which was correlated to its attenuated RAD51 focus response. In response to the PARP1 inhibitor KU58684, rad51d cells, like other HRR mutants, show exquisite sensitivity (>1000‐fold), which is also associated with defective RAD51 focus formation. Thus, rad51d cells are broadly deficient in RAD51 focus formation in response to various agents, but this defect is not invariably associated with increased sensitivity. Our results indicate that RAD51 paralogs do not contribute equally to cellular resistance of inhibitors of DNAreplication, and that the RAD51 foci associated with replication inhibition may not be a reliable indicator of cellular resistance to such agents. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conditional likelihood approach for analyzing single visit abundance survey data in the presence of zero inflation and detection error
Authors: Sólymos Péter , Lele Subhash , Bayne Erin
Published: January 2012

Current methods to correct for detection error require multiple visits to the same survey location. Many historical datasets exist that were collected using only a single visit, and logistical/cost considerations prevent many current research programs from collecting multiple visit data. In this paper, we explore what can be done with single visit count data when there is detection error. We show that when appropriate covariates that affect both detection and abundance are available, conditional likelihood can be used to estimate the regression parameters of a binomial–zero‐inflated Poisson (ZIP) mixture model and correct for detection error. We use observed counts of Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) to illustrate the estimation of the parameters for the binomial–zero‐inflated Poisson mixture model using a subset of data from one of the largest and longest ecological time series datasets that only has single visits. Our single visit method has the following characteristics: (i) it does not require the assumptions of a closed population or adjustments caused by movement or migration; (ii) it is cost effective, enabling ecologists to cover a larger geographical region than possible when having to return to sites; and (iii) its resultant estimators appear to be statistically and computationally highly efficient. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiphysics modeling of an induction‐stirred ladle in two and three dimensions
Authors: Pal Mayur , Jönsson Pär
Published: January 2012

A unified model of an induction‐stirred ladle in two and three dimensions is presented. Induction stirring of molten steel is a coupled multiphysics phenomena involving electromagnetic and fluid flow. Models presented in this paper gives a more accurate description of the real stirring conditions and flow pattern by taking into account the multiphysics behavior of the induction‐stirring process in an induction‐stirred ladle. This paper presents formulation of coupled electromagnetic and fluid flow equations. The coupled electromagnetic and fluid flow equations are solved with the use of the finite element method in two and three dimensions. The model is used to predict values of steel velocities and magnetic flux density. The model is also used to predict the effect of increased current density on flow velocity. Magnetic flux density values obtained from the model are verified against the experimental values. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene by neuroticism interaction and cognitive function among older adults
Authors: Dar‐Nimrod Ilan , Chapman Benjamin P. , Robbins John A. , Porsteinsson Anton , Mapstone Mark , Duberstein Paul R.
Published: January 2012

Objectives

Both apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε‐4 allele(s) and elevated trait neuroticism, the tendency to experience distress, are associated with cognitive function among older adults. We predicted that neuroticism moderates the association between ApoE and cognitive function and also explored whether other personality dimensions (openness to experience, agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness) affect the association between ApoE status and cognitive function.

Method

Five‐hundred and ninety‐seven older adults (mean age of 78 years) enrolled in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory study completed the NEO five‐factor inventory of personality. Cognitive function was assessed via the cognitive portion of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, and a blood sample for ApoE genotyping was drawn.

Results

As hypothesized, regression analysis indicated that neuroticism moderated the relationship between the presence of ApoE ε‐4 and cognitive function. Individuals with high neuroticism scores had significantly lower scores on the cognitive portion of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale compared with individuals with low neuroticism scores, but this was true only among carriers of ApoE ε‐4 (interaction effect β = 0.124, p = 0.028). There was scant evidence that other personality dimensions moderate the association between ApoE ε‐4 and cognitive function.

Conclusions

Cognitive function may be affected by ApoE and neuroticism acting in tandem. Research on the underlying physiological mechanisms by which neuroticism amplifies the effect of ApoE ε‐4 is warranted. The study of genotype by phenotype interactions provides an important and useful direction for the study of cognitive function among older adults and for the development of novel prevention programs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zn(OAc)2•2H2O‐catalyzed synthesis of α‐aminophosphonates under neat reaction
Authors: Arigala Uma Ravi Sankar , Matcha Chaitanya , Yoon Kuk Ro
Published: January 2012

A series of novel α‐aminophosphonates have been prepared by one‐pot three‐component condensation in the presence of a zinc acetate (Zn(OAc)2•2H2O) catalyst at 50°C under solvent‐free conditions with excellent yields. The major advantages of the present method are high yields, a short reaction time, and solvent‐free reaction conditions. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated, and some of them showed significant activity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:160–165, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20765
Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube nanofluid—Experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Walvekar Rashmi , Faris Ismail Ahmad , Khalid Mohammad
Published: January 2012

In this work, thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes' (CNTs) nanofluid is studied both experimentally and theoretically. CNT nanofluids were stabilized using gum arabic (GA). The concentration of CNTs was varied from 0.01–0.1 wt% while the concentration of GA was varied from 1–2.5 wt%, respectively. The effect of particle volume fraction and temperature on the thermal conductivity enhancement of the nanofluids was also studied. A simple thermal conductivity model which demonstrates the effect of diameter and aspect ratio of the CNTs and takes into account the effect of temperature on thermal conductivity enhancement is presented. Good agreement between experimental and estimated values proves that the proposed model can provide precise prediction of the thermal conductivity of fluid containing CNTs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20405
MHD flow over an inclined radiating plate with the temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity, variable reactive index, and heat generation
Authors: Aziz A. , Uddin Md. Jashim , Hamad M.A.A. , Md. Ismail A.I.
Published: January 2012

We study the effects of higher‐order chemical reaction and heat generation on coupled heat and mass transfer by MHD mixed convection from a permeable radiating inclined plate with the thermal convective boundary condition. The governing boundary layer equations are formulated and transformed into a set of similarity equations using dimensionless similarity variables developed by Lie group analysis. The resulting equations are then solved numerically using Maple 13 which uses a fourth–fifth order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg algorithm for solving nonlinear boundary value problems. A representative set of numerical results are displayed graphically and discussed to show some interesting aspects of the parameters: convective heat transfer (γ), the angle of inclination (α), generation order of chemical reaction (n), reaction rate (λ), the Prandtl number (Pr), and the Schmidt number (Sc) on the dimensionless axial velocity, the temperature, and the concentration profiles. Also effects of pertinent parameters on the skin friction factor, the rate of heat, and the rate of mass transfer are obtained and displayed in tabular form. Good agreement is found between the numerical results of the present paper with the earlier published works under some special cases. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20409
Refocusing on nature: Holistic assessment of ecosystem services
Authors: Menzie Charles A , Deardorff Thomas , Booth Pieter , Wickwire Ted
Published: January 2012

The benefits people obtain from ecosystems vary from direct benefits that are easily monetized (e.g., timber) to indirect benefits that are not easily monetized (e.g., maintenance of water quality). Commonly, there is wide variation among individuals in the values placed on ecosystem benefits or services. The lack of consensus both in identifying ecosystem services and in valuing them with respect to other services poses a great challenge to those charged with evaluating changes in the provision of ecosystem service after, for example, a natural disaster. Natural resource economics provides some tools, but economics alone will not ensure a balanced, holistic assessment. An inherent complexity in valuing services is often associated with the interrelationships between services and the background and expertise of those leading the assessment. We argue that a holistic evaluation of ecosystems founded on solid expertise in ecosystem dynamics is essential for the accurate assessment of ecosystem services. A reductionist approach to ecosystem service valuation often fails to capture ecological dynamics that are vital to the functioning and ultimate provision of services. In this article, we present case studies of ecosystem services valuation for forest fires, dam removal, and chemical contamination of sediment to explore the complexity of ecosystem service valuation. Additionally, we offer assessment strategies for recognizing the importance of holistic assessment of ecosystem services. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012; 8: 401–411. © 2012 SETAC
Career Development in Middle Childhood: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Schultheiss Donna E. Palladino , Palma Thomas V. , Manzi Alberta J.
Published: January 2012

The purpose of this investigation was to explore childhood career development by examining 4th‐ and 5th‐grade students' career and self‐awareness, exploration, and career planning. Responses to written assignments provided qualitative data for analysis. Written narrative data were analyzed using consensual qualitative research methods as described by C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson, and E. N. Williams (1997). Consistent with theory (D. Super, 1990), children's reflections on prominent career tasks and influences revealed 8 of the 9 (all but curiosity) dimensions of childhood career development as outlined by Super. In addition, participants described their conceptions of work, a domain not explicitly articulated by Super and worthy of further inquiry.
Occupational Values of High School Students
Authors: Thompson O. E.
Published: January 2012

Responses of high school students as freshmen and later as sophomores in this study support the belief that the characteristics of a vocation that are important to students may be internalized relatively early in life. There were differences between what girls and boys thought was important in an occupation; however, little difference was found between the group means of these students when freshmen and a year later when sophomores. Most students did not change occupational preference between the freshman and sophomore year. Students in the study as freshmen, but transferring out or withdrawing a year later, differed little in occupational values or in occupational choice from the sophomores. These findings agree only in part with work of other researchers in this field.
Counseling with Elementary School Children: An Experimental Study
Authors: Kranzler Gerald D. , Mayer George Roy , Dyer Calvin O. , Munger Paul F.
Published: January 2012

An attempt was made to assess results of counseling with fourth‐grade students, using sociometric status as the criterion. A sociometric device was administered to four fourth‐grade classrooms. Students of low sociometric status were randomly assigned by classrooms to one of three treatment conditions: (1) counseling, (2) teacher guidance, and (3) control. When treatment conditions were compared, the evidence seemed to indicate significant differences in the relative frequency with which subjects increased or decreased in sociometric status, that the differences favored the counseling condition, and that these differences persisted over a period of seven months. The possibility of a temporary teacher influence on the sociometric criterion was indicated.
Vocational Certainty and Indecision in College Freshmen
Authors: Ashby Jefferson D. , Wall Harvey W. , Osipow Samuel H.
Published: January 2012

Three groups of entering college freshmen, possessing varying degrees of identification of educational‐vocational goals, were compared on a variety of personality, achievement, aptitude, school, and family factors. The major differences indicated that the most undecided group was more dependent than the other two groups, but equal to the most decided group in academic achievement, while a middle, or tentatively decided group, was not as successful academically as the most and least decided groups. These findings suggest that educational‐vocational indecision has at least two dimensions. A need for different counseling approaches in dealing with uncertain students depending upon the antecedents of their uncertainty is likely.
Attrition and the Student Who is Certain
Authors: Abel Walter H.
Published: January 2012

A study of 89 male students at a small liberal arts college tested the hypothesis that a student whose statement about vocational and/or academic goals expressed certainty and whose grade‐point average was below a 2.00 at the end of one year would probably not graduate. The hypothesis had both statistical and practical significance since loss from this group was 75 per cent compared to an average loss of 37.1 per cent (Test of Proportions, z = 2.766, P = .0028).
College Characteristics Associated with Freshman Attrition
Authors: Nelson A. Gordon
Published: January 2012

100 randomly selected four‐year institutions with very low freshman dropout rates were compared with a comparable group of institutions that had freshman attrition rates that were not “low,” in order to determine whether the two types of institutions differed in respect to 22 selected variables. It was found that colleges with low freshman dropout rates did differ significantly from the comparison group on 15 of the 22 characteristics analyzed. 10 of the 15 variables were personal (i.e., they related to student characteristics), whereas the remaining 5 were nonpersonal (e.g., the size of the institution and the cost of attending it). The general conclusion reached was that administrators who seek to understand and to cope with the freshman dropout problem must take into consideration both personal and nonpersonal factors associated with the phenomenon of freshman attrition.
Predictability in Testing and Counseling
Authors: Tolbert E. L.
Published: January 2012

The concept of predictability is examined and its relevance for testing and counseling is assessed. Two types of studies, those designed to evaluate the concept, and research on deviant achievement suggest its potential value for test research and practice. Predictability, as such, has not been investigated in counseling, although many counselors realize that while some counselees move in expected directions (not necessarily “good”), others do not. To better understand the factors involved, counselors could make predictions and later compare them with actual results. Ethical problems arise, however, when “no help” or “harm” is predicted. Several types of research having implications for prediction of predictability are reviewed.
Group Counseling with College Underachievers
Authors: Dickenson Walter A. , Truax Charles B.
Published: January 2012

Some of the controversy concerning the efficacy of psychotherapy or counseling has been resolved by recent evidence that studies reporting no effects had indiscriminately lumped together the high and low therapeutic conditions that are associated with successful and unsuccessful outcomes. The present study extends these findings to a group of essentially neurotic underachieving college freshmen. The 24 experimental students who received group counseling showed greater improvement in grade‐point average than 24 matched, non‐counseled control subjects. Further, those counseled subjects who received the highest therapeutic conditions tended to show the greatest improvement.
Sex Differences in Expressive Thought of Gifted Children in the Classroom
Authors: Gallagher James J.
Published: January 2012

This study was a comparison of 92 high‐achieving gifted girls with 97 high‐achieving gifted boys on measures of cognitive thinking, classroom expressiveness, self‐concept, and attitudes. These secondary school boys were significantly more expressive than the girls on all classroom variables. Written tests of similar abilities revealed no differences except that the girls were better at giving solutions to hypothetical problems. Differences found in self‐concept and attitudes of the present sample supported the conclusions drawn by Kagan that intellectual aggressiveness is seen, in part, as a masculine counterpart and that this type of behavior when visible, as in the classroom discussion, may well raise anxiety and inhibit the gifted girl from full expression. The part played by sex‐role expectations in inhibiting the free expression of intellectual power of girls in academic settings and later life would seem to warrant much further investigation. The expressive range of performance within sex groups also represents an important area for investigation.
Classification Validities of a Statewide 10th Grade Test Program
Authors: Lohnes Paul R. , McIntire Paul H.
Published: January 2012

If statewide test norms are useful in student counseling, state testing programs could provide predictions for individual students as a service to local schools. Since the choice of a high school curriculum is a major problem on which youth seeks guidance, the predictive validity of a statewide test battery, using state norms, is explored with curriculum choice as the criterion, and is compared with the validity of the same tests for the same criterion, but using local norms. The separation in state norms of career‐goals groups and of the sexes is also explored. Results achieved are positive enough to encourage widespread and energetic application of the methods by state testing officers, and to imply their responsibility to make classification probabilities available to their customers.
Career Saliency and Its Relation to Certain Needs, Interests, and Job Values
Authors: Masih Lalit K.
Published: January 2012

This study examined the concept of Career Saliency and its relation to certain needs, interests, and job values. 68 men and 118 women, juniors and seniors in college, were categorized into high, medium, and low saliency groups. Results indicated that the need for Heterosexuality, Achievement, and Endurance appear to be significant variables in determining Career Saliency. While the MF scores on the SVIB did not differentiate the groups, OL scores seem to be positively correlated to Career Saliency. Job values—Prestige, Steady Work, and Desire to Become Famous—differentiated the saliency groups in varying degrees. Sex differences on Career Saliency were found to be highly significant.
Reality‐Testing a Vocational Choice: Congruence Between Self, Ideal, and Occupational Percepts Among Student Nurses
Authors: Pallone Nathaniel J. , Hosinski Marion
Published: January 2012

A total of 168 student nurses (24 each at 7 levels of vocational experience and preparation) Q‐sorted 50 self‐relevant, socially neutral statements to measure self‐concept, ideal self‐concept, and occupational role percept. Mean r's for congruence between ideal and occupational percepts tended to exceed and to reach higher levels of significance than corresponding r's for congruence between either self and ideal or self and occupational percepts. Congruences between self, ideal, and occupational percepts reach significance at p = .01 for graduate students, who have attained “adult” professional status. However, no significant relationship appears to obtain between either pre‐professional or professional nursing experience and congruence between self and ideal, self and occupational role, or ideal and occupational role percepts. Results are interpreted in terms of a self‐concept theory of vocational development.
The Sentence Completion Blank In Assessing Student Self‐Actualization
Authors: McKinney Fred
Published: January 2012

A 40‐item self‐oriented sentence completion blank with stems designed to elicit responses to frustrations, conflict, and personal identity was administered to college students at two levels of maturity and to industrialists in supervisory positions. Responses were classified with satisfactory reliability into self‐actualizing (A), self‐defeating (D), and immobilizing‐affective (I) categories. Ratio scores (A/A + D + I) for individuals show reliability over a 2‐day period and 14‐week period and significant difference between college underclassmen and industrialists. The technique has counseling utility in that trends toward self‐actualizing or defensive tendencies are evident in individual blanks. Ratings of responses to the stems by the subjects on a 5‐point good‐bad scale yielded “feeling” score patterns with impressive reliability, but the meaning of these scores needs further exploration.
Needed Changes to Sweeten the Impact of Testing
Authors: Dyer Henry S.
Published: January 2012

Ignorance on the part of educators about the effects of testing on pupils has an adverse effect on the uses of tests. Two approaches for correcting the situation are proposed: (a) paying more attention to the pupil performance that produces the test scores, and (b) developing closer integration between the testing process and the total educational process. A contrast is drawn between what Piaget calls a measure of “yield” and what he calls “constructive operations,” and the suggestion is made that the latter type of information is accessible from testing. Lip service paid to the idea that “testing is an integral part of education” is insufficient. Testing must be perceived by the test consumer as a form of continuous feedback that is indispensable to the management of learning here and now.
Client Preferences: An Overview of the Literature
Authors: Rosen Albert
Published: January 2012

The literature on preferences of clients and potential clients with respect to the characteristics and procedures of counselors and psychotherapists is briefly but comprehensively reviewed. Striking gaps are noted in our knowledge of such preferences as they are related to counseling processes and outcomes. Suggestions are made concerning areas and methods of needed research.
An Adaptation of the Tyler Vocational Card Sort
Authors: Dolliver Robert H.
Published: January 2012

An assessment method originated by Tyler is modified and extended. Supplementary comments on the administration of the technique are included. Through the sorting of occupational title cards, the method elicits client attitudes and information regarding occupations as well as views that the client holds pertaining to himself. A rationale drawn from Kelly's Personal Construct Theory is described that places the Tyler method within a broader conception of the vocational counseling process. This process involves the identification and clarification of possible motives for choosing occupations, followed by a reduction of the number of motives that the client would attempt to satisfy with his vocational choice.
Counseling in context
Authors: CALDWELL EDSON
Published: January 2012

In these tense times of campus turmoil the expertise of the counselor is more needed than ever, but as an agent of change he should emerge from the closet of his office and be involved in group counseling in contexts where student and faculty feelings are starting to ferment. This would require expanding his role to include collaborating with teachers to improve the psychological settings in their classrooms, conducting informal “rap sessions” with both faculty or students, and setting up opportunities for group guidance activities both in and out of the classroom.
Underachievement is many‐sided
Authors: ALLEN DEAN A.
Published: January 2012

The concept of underachievement, though widely used and voluminously researched, is still ill‐defined. The reason seems to be that underachievers are defined merely in terms of the discrepancy between their predicted and earned grades. So classified, the groups are too heterogeneous to be psychologically meaningful. There are different types of achievers and underachievers who need to be identified and different educational climates that need to be studied, if the concept of underachievement is to become productive in our thinking about high school and college students
Laboratory training and encounter groups
Authors: EDDY WILLIAM B. , LUBIN BERNARD
Published: January 2012

This article reviews developments and concepts in the small group training field. It provides a brief historical perspective on group training and working definitions for some of the more frequently mentioned types of small groups: the T‐group, encounter group, marathon, and therapy group. It also comments on research dealing with both the effects of group training and professional‐ethical issues.
A view of guidance from Africa
Authors: ESEN AKPAN
Published: January 2012

Modern Africa has achieved great progress in education, urbanization, and economic development. Modernization, however, brings the traditional into frequent confrontation with the modern and tends to create conflicts in the lives of individuals. Modern Africa's youth need guidance. But to be effective, guidance practice must be based on philosophies that reflect true African thinking. Foreign models will be inadequate. This article examines some African viewpoints in order to suggest elements that might be used in formulating a philosophy of guidance and a mode of practice suitable for Africa.
Accountability: a boon to guidance
Authors: II CHARLES W. HUMES
Published: January 2012

Accountability for guidance: How appropriate is it? Can it aid in educational reform? Is it a professional help or hindrance? The author examines these questions, placing emphasis on the PPBS model and showing samples of program structure and program analysis based on that model. He concludes that the accountability movement can be a positive force if implemented properly.
College counseling: between the rock and the hard place
Authors: WARNATH CHARLES F.
Published: January 2012

Professional counseling in institutions of higher education is facing a serious crisis. The crisis is not due simply to the fact that institutional administrators are asking their professional counselors to account for their activities, nor is it due simply to the fact that professional counselors have lost touch with an increasing proportion of students who are turning to self‐initiated counseling arrangements for their most immediate needs.

The crisis of counselor survival arises mainly from the fact that those services that administrators expect professional counselors to perform as part of their organizational role are actually counterproductive to the establishment of trusting and meaningful relationships between counselors and students.
Counseling today's veterans: a program and its implications
Authors: MYERS ERNEST R.
Published: January 2012

The need for improved counseling and guidance services has emerged as one of the most crucial aspects in the myriad of problems faced by the Vietnam war era veteran. This article focuses on the interagency overseas counseling thrust launched by the federal government in 1971 and designed to mitigate the debilitating effects of the civilian reentry crisis experienced by veterans. The overseas counseling program of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, operating in Europe, the Far East, and Vietnam, was organized and formerly administered by the author and is highlighted here because of its implications for counseling and guidance.
Counselors and learning styles
Authors: SPERRY LEN
Published: January 2012

Nearly everyone agrees that the counselor should be aware of individual differences. Many also agree that an important function of the counselor is to consult with teachers regarding individual differences in student learning performance. Although there has been much research about the relationship of learning performance and individual differences in learning style, there has been little written about how to diagnose the styles. The author presents a theoretical understanding of learning styles and suggests assessment questions that a counselor can use in observing students and consulting with teachers about different learning styles.
Exploring the future: a counseling/curriculum project
Authors: EISENBERG SHELDON
Published: January 2012

This article proposes the establishment of a curriculum that will engage students in a study of the future. The goals of this curriculum are: to help students examine their views, assumptions, and values regarding the future; to help them develop a sense of personal agency toward their futures; and to help them acquire the skills involved in planning and decision making. Described in the article are several activities—including brainstorming, futures windowing, and scenario writing—designed to help achieve these learning goals. The author indicates that leading this learning process of exploring the future should be an inherent function of counselors, in their role as persons who help students make plans and decisions for their futures.
Counseling for future shock
Authors: MORGAN LEWIS B.
Published: January 2012

In this article the author looks at some of the searing prophecies made by Alvin Toffler in his book Future Shock and relates them to the world of the professional counselor and the clientele the counselor attempts to serve. Counselors are encouraged to take a hard look at what they are presently doing and what they might better be doing to prepare themselves and those they serve, or should serve, for tomorrow's world—today.
Death as a counseling concern
Authors: BASCUE LOY O. , KRIEGER GEORGE W.
Published: January 2012

Both the professional and the popular attention now given to the topic of death and issues reflecting a death theme indicate that these areas can be of great concern to many of the individuals served by counselors. If counselors are going to respond to these concerns, they must prepare by investigating the available information on death and related topics, exploring their own feelings and beliefs about these same areas, and developing an initial foundation for providing service to clients who are manifesting a problem that is death‐related.
a counselor and change: Reminiscences and Resolutions
Authors: PONZO ZANDER
Published: January 2012

Counselors are becoming more aware of the importance of working with large systems to bring about change that will influence individuals. Working as a school counselor, the author attempted to bring about change. His methods resulted in some dramatic occurrences and encouraged him to spend considerable time reflecting on his behavior and developing guidelines for wiser future action. In this article he relates some of his early experiences as a young school counselor and suggests guidelines for bringing about change.
Vocational Theories: Direction to Nowhere
Authors: WARNATH CHARLES F.
Published: January 2012

There exists a literature about work that has been completely neglected by vocational psychologists and counselors. In this article the author discusses, in relation to vocational theory and career counseling, the implications of this literature, with its general conclusion that work for the great majority of people is not and never can be fulfilling.
needed: more evaluation, not research
Authors: BURCK HARMAN D. , PETERSON GARY W.
Published: January 2012

The mandate for greater and more thorough accountability is here. The authors of this article point out that more traditional kinds of research per se are not needed; what is needed is more evaluation. They briefly clarify some of the terminology (namely, accountability, evaluation, and research) and illustrate some of the characteristic differences between evaluation and research. The authors point to some reasons that little evaluation is taking place and, with tongue in cheek, mention some of the more commonly used evaluative approaches. Finally, they provide five basic steps to good evaluation, along with examples.
Some Implications of Life‐Span Development for Counseling Psychology
Authors: Moreland John R.
Published: January 2012

Current models of personality and career development are criticized for their failure to recognize the developmental processes that occur throughout adulthood. Recent research in adult personality and social development suggests that adults experience a number of predictable transitional and stable periods, each of which is characterized by specific developmental tasks. The implications of this research for counseling psychologists' work with adult clients are discussed. Counseling psychologists are encouraged to adopt a more positive view of the roles that crises play in adult personality and career growth.
Group Counseling for Aged Women
Authors: Capuzzi Dave , Gossman Larry , Whiston Sue , Surdam Joy
Published: January 2012

Because of the benefits of group‐counseling experiences, the lack of psychological services for older adults, and the unique concerns of aged women, a group‐counseling program for aged women was conducted. The results of these efforts are presented for the purposes of sharing the proposed program sequence, describing what actually took place during the group sessions, conveying the comments and reactions offered by the group participants, and summarizing what we learned about facilitating groups for aged women.
Career As Life‐Style: An Existential View
Authors: McIlroy Joan Hartzke
Published: January 2012

Many individuals in our society experience degrees of psychological and spiritual deadness. This early‐death syndrome is contrasted with a view of life that encompasses the concept of an ongoing prime through growth in psychological and spiritual aliveness. A four‐dimensional model of career is presented that incorporates existential concepts and advocates attention to both experiences and personal philosophy as factors in the attainment of a meaningful life‐style.
Revitalizing Academic Advisement
Authors: Walsh E. Michael
Published: January 2012

Academic advisement has traditionally been thought of as limited to such routine functions as course registration and academic record‐keeping. Advisement, however, should be redefined so that developmental functions are central. It would then perform a much‐needed service in higher education, for students need assistance in planning academic programs and integrating academic, career, and life goals. Faculty and advisors will need to learn some unaccustomed roles (counselor, advocate, and guardian) as well as some new skills. With appropriate support, however, acceptance of developmental advising will be possible.
Patterns of Gender Role Conflict and Strain: Sexism and Fear of Femininity in Men's Lives
Authors: O'NEIL JAMES M.
Published: January 2012

This article describes men's gender role conflict and strain that emanate from rigid gender socialization. The author proposes 10 assumptions about how gender role socialization and sexism can be psychologically dysfunctional for both men and women. The masculine mystique and value system and men's fear of femininity produce six patterns of gender role conflict and strain in men's lives. These patterns are discussed and their effects on men's psychological and physical well being are presented. Four recommendations for counselors and psychologists are offered to increase sensitivity to gender role conflict and decrease the emotional pain in people's lives caused by sexism and restrictive gender role socialization.
“I'd Rather Be Dead Than Gay”: Counseling Gay Men Who Are Coming Out
Authors: BEANE JEFFREY
Published: January 2012

Until recently, most articles about gay men have focused on etiology or cure. This article focuses on the initial phase of counseling male clients who have a negative gay identity and want help accepting their homosexuality. The article includes some basic concepts in gestalt therapy and how they can be applied when working with men who are acknowledging their homosexuality. It also includes tools and guidelines for therapists who want to work effectively with gay men desiring a positive gay identity.
A Longitudinal Comparison of Minority and Nonminority College Dropouts: Implications for Retention Improvement Programs
Authors: RUGG EDWIN A.
Published: January 2012

Differences were found in the dropout patterns of minority and nonminority undergraduates that have implications for further research and for retention improvement programs.
Comparison of the osteogenic capacity of minipig and human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Heino Terhi J. , Alm Jessica J. , Moritz Niko , Aro Hannu T.
Published: January 2012

Minipigs are a recommended large animal model for preclinical testing of human orthopedic implants. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the key repair cells in bone healing and implant osseointegration, but the osteogenic capacity of minipig MSCs is incompletely known. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize minipig bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) MSCs in comparison to human BM‐MSCs. BM sample was aspirated from posterior iliac crest of five male Göttingen minipigs (age 15 ± 1 months). PB sample was drawn for isolation of circulating MSCs. MSCs were selected by plastic‐adherence as originally described by Friedenstein. Cell morphology, colony formation, proliferation, surface marker expression, and differentiation were examined. Human BM‐MSCs were isolated and cultured from adult fracture patients (n = 13, age 19–60 years) using identical techniques. MSCs were found in all minipig BM samples, but no circulating MSCs could be detected. Minipig BM‐MSCs had similar morphology, proliferation, and colony formation capacities as human BM‐MSCs. Unexpectedly, minipig BM‐MSCs had a significantly lower ability than human BM‐MSCs to form differentiated and functional osteoblasts. This observation emphasizes the need for species‐specific optimization of MSC culture protocol before direct systematic comparison of MSCs between human and various preclinical large animal models can be made. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1019–1025, 2012
Separation of anthraquinone compounds from the seed of Cassia obtusifolia L. using recycling counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Yang Jianhong , Ye Haoyu , Lai Huijun , Li Shucai , He Shichao , Zhong Shijie , Chen Lijuan , Peng Aihua
Published: January 2012

Recycling counter‐current chromatography (CCC) together with step‐gradient CCC and medium‐pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) was employed to separate nine anthraquinone compounds from Cassia obtusifolia L. in this study. The results showed that recycling CCC is a powerful tool for compounds that are difficult to separate with common elution mode. CCC was the better option for crude material while MPLC had advantage for the final tuning. The combination of recycling CCC and MPLC could simplify the method exploring process in the separation process. The structures of these compounds were identified according to their mass spectra, by 1H‐NMR and compared with standard compounds.