bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Villa Savoye. Permanencias y transformaciones
Authors: Carrau Carbonell Teresa
Published: March 2016

Resumen: El Patrimonio del Movimiento Moderno y su conservación es un tema de actualidad, no solo desde el punto de vista teórico sino también desde el práctico, ya que la arquitectura de principios del s.XX lleva tiempo necesitando y asumiendo intervenciones para mantenerlas en pie. Se escoge como tema de estudio la vivienda, como arquetipo estudiado por los grandes del Movimiento Moderno y concretamente la villa Savoye como paradigma del Estilo Internacional. Así, con la investigación de este modelo se pretende sacar conclusiones para la conservación de la herencia de Le Corbusier asegurando su permanencia en las generaciones futuras. Se ha realizado un análisis de la villa Savoye por etapas de tiempo. Cada periodo se ha estudiado a través de unos parámetros comunes, obteniéndose una panorámica de la evolución de los elementos que la forman y de su globalidad. Los resultados de este análisis permiten hacer un estudio comparativo entre la villa original, la villa en sus distintas etapas y el estado actual, precisando qué es lo que realmente queda de la villa de 1930. De esta aportación surgen preguntas y reflexiones: ¿importa la conservación de la materia original en la permanencia de un hito? ¿es aceptable una máquina para habitar que no se puede habitar? ¿qué prevalece: la autenticidad arquitectónica o a la autenticidad histórica en la conservación de las obras de Le Corbusier? Abstract: The Heritage of the Modern Movement and its conservation is a current topic, not only from the theoretical point of view but also from the practical, that is because the early twentieth century architecture has been needing and assuming interventions to keep up. It is chosen as a subject of study the housing, as well studied by the great archetype of the modern movement and specifically the Villa Savoye as a paradigm of the International Style. Thus, the investigation of this model is to draw conclusions for the preservation of the heritage of Le Corbusier ensuring its permanence in future generations. It has conducted an analysis of the Villa Savoye through stages of time. Each period has been studied through common parameters, giving an overview of the evolution of the elements that shape it and its entirety. The results of this analysis can make a comparative study between the original villa, the villa in its different stages and the current status, specifying what really remains of the villa of 1930. This contribution questions and thoughts arise: Does it matter the conservation of the original matter in the permanence of a milestone? Is it acceptable to inhabit a machine that you can not live in? Architectural authenticity prevails against the historical authenticity in the conservation of the works of Le Corbusier?Palabras clave: Savoye; evolución; permanencia; intervención; patrimonio. Keywords: Savoye; evolution; permanence; intervention; heritage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.523
Multi-Sensory Virtual Environments for Investigating the Past
Authors: Chalmers Alan , Zányi Eva
Published: March 2016

A human depends on all five senses: visuals, audio, smell, taste and touch to perceive an environment. It is not only the individual senses, but also their interaction that plays a key role in enabling us to understand the world around us. Virtual archaeology is being increasingly used to investigate the past. Failure to consider all senses in these reconstructions runs the very real danger of misrepresenting ancient environments and how they may have been perceived by our ancestors. This paper describes Real Virtuality: true high-fidelity multi-sensory virtual environments, and shows how such an approach may give historians a more valid means of considering the past.
Galicia Dixital. Una exposición de patrimonio e-tangible. El Museo Vacío.
Authors: Hernández Ibáñez Luis A.
Published: March 2016

Galicia Dixital is an exhibition located in Santiago de Compostela whith the mission to show the culture and heritage of this region through the use of new audiovisual technologies, whilst to demonstrate the use and applications of avant-garde technology. This paper describes some of the installations present there with special emphasis in The Empty Museum, a fully immersive virtual reality installation where the user can walk physically visiting virtual worlds. A group of examples of contents designed for this medium will be also described.
Herramientas SIG 3D
Authors: Feito Higueruela Francisco R. , Segura Sánchez Rafael J.
Published: March 2016

Applications of Geographical Information Systems on several Archeology fields have been increasing during the last years. Recent avances in these technologies make possible to work with more realistic 3D models. In this paper we introduce a new paradigm for this system, the GIS Thetrahedron, in which we define the fundamental elements of GIS, in order to provide a better understanding of their capabilities. At the same time the basic 3D characteristics of some comercial and open source software are described, as well as the application to some samples on archeological researchs
L’immagine ricostruttiva nei media: una indagine nei musei archeologici italiani
Authors: Medri Maura , Canonici Tiziano
Published: March 2016

How do we use the virtual image to explain archaeology to the general public in the Museums? In order to answer to the question, this paper will consider the experiences of some Italian Archaeological Museums, which have disseminated their scientific contents and information via web. Technical means, graphic style and contents are often joined together, aiming to the creation of a completely new visual language. For what concerns specifically the forms of communication, it can be questioned whether or not the creators of the new languages are conscious of the impact of the images on the message itself. Facing the problem at the root, the clash between the perception of the object, as it was set in its original context, and the analysis of the researcher, who, observing its remains, proposes its reconstruction (emic-etic), makes quite difficult to define and declare the rules governing this process.
De la reconstrucción tradicional a la virtual. Una visión desde la Arqueología.
Authors: Rodríguez Hidalgo José Manuel
Published: March 2016

This paper, that starts out from the multidiscplinarity of modern archaeological practice, which is highly computerised and technical, presents a very succint overview and analysis of the graphic representation that has been undertaken on the monuments of antiquity. From the re-edition of the treatise De Architectura by M Vitruvius down to the present-day three-dimensional reconstructions, which permit virtual visits, a multitude of reconstructions have been created, each of which is conditioned by the technical and aesthetic criteria of their day. Some have been strictly technical, while others were based upon drawings and paintings, both allows a two-dimensional image to be presented. Models, which are the greatest exponent of three-dimensionality, down to the present-day virtual reconstructions have also been created.
Changes in the geometry and strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during the last glacial (20–50 ka)
Authors: Burckel Pierre , Waelbroeck Claire , Luo Yiming , Roche Didier , Pichat Sylvain , Jaccard Samuel L. , Gherardi Jeanne , Govin Aline , Lippold Jörg , Thil François
Published: March 2016

Abstract. We reconstruct the geometry and strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during Heinrich Stadial 2 and three Greenland interstadials of the 20–50 ka period based on the comparison of new and published sedimentary 231Pa/230Th data with simulated sedimentary 231Pa/230Th. We show that the deep Atlantic circulation during these interstadials was very different from that of the Holocene. Northern-sourced waters likely circulated above 2500 m depth, with a flow rate lower than that of the present day North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). Southern-sourced deep waters most probably flowed northwards below 4000 m depth into the North Atlantic basin, and then southwards as a return flow between 2500 and 4000 m depth. The flow rate of this southern-sourced deep water was likely larger than that of the modern Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). At the onset of Heinrich Stadial 2, the structure of the AMOC significantly changed. The deep Atlantic was probably directly affected by a southern sourced water mass below 2500 m depth, while a slow southward flowing water mass originating from the North Atlantic likely influenced depths between 1500 and 2500 m down to the equator.
Mudanças institucionais nas políticas de direitos autorais na comunicação científica: discussão teórica e realidade brasileira
Authors: Melo Bezerra de Oliveira Larissa , De Souza Costa Sely Maria
Published: March 2016

Objetivo. Apresenta revisão da literatura relevante a respeito dos tópicos comunicação científica, acesso aberto à literatura científica, papel das instituições no contexto de políticas públicas e o direito autoral no acesso aberto à literatura científica. Método. Trata-se de estudo analítico-descritivo que se baseou no uso do método de pesquisa bibliográfica em conjunto com análise documental, em uma abordagem qualitativa, visando a identificar questões relevantes à construção de referencial teórico sobre os temas estudados. Resultados. Com base na literatura e em documentos legais, construiu-se referencial teórico para o estudo do direito autoral na comunicação científica, no contexto do acesso aberto, levando em conta a teoria da ACF, cujo enfoque principal é a formação de coalizões. Apresenta nova proposta de modelo do processo de comunicação científica, em que são incluídas etapas relacionadas com o direito autoral. Situa a discussão no contexto brasileiro e na importância das instituições nas políticas públicas. Conclusões. A abordagem da ACF oferece um modelo para identificação de coalizões que realmente reflitam a Agenda de uma nação no contexto da comunicação científica e do movimento do acesso aberto.
A Critical Review on the Major Conceptual Strands/debates on the Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) and Improved Social Livelihoods
Authors: Mukono Danstan , Sambaiga Richard Faustine
Published: March 2016

The problem of climate change has attracted different approaches on how best to tackle it. Equally, at the level of theorization and conceptualization, it has attracted a fierce debate on how to interpret, analyze, and suggest the best approach which seems to improve the social livelihoods of the main actors who directly depends on forest resources. This paper intends albeit in a brief manner to synthesis various theoretical and conceptual issues which explicitly or implicitly inform REDD+ as a new sustainable intervention in conserving forest and improving people’s social livelihoods. At the same time, each approach is critically analyzed to see its strength and weakness in addressing the key issue of improving social livelihood taking into account power dynamics. And lastly, it points out the conceptual framework which at least illuminates the manner in which to apprehend the power dynamics and agency play out in REDD+ interventions. 
Investigating the Structural Relationship of Innovation Culture with the Educational Performance of Faculty Members in Lorestan University and Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad Branch
Authors: Sattar Azita , Rajaeepour Saeed , Salami Ghorbanali , Abedi Ahmad
Published: March 2016

The objective of the present study was to investigate the structural relationship of the innovation culture with the educational performance of faculty members in the universities of Khorramabad based on the ideas and attitudes of faculty members and students. The population of the study consists of all full-time official faculty members working in Khorramabad universities (Lorestan University and Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad Branch) and also all students of the above mentioned universities in the academic year 2012-2013. The sample of the study was selected using stratified random sampling proportionate to the population size of the universities. The sample of Lorestan University based on professors and students was equal as 106 participants for professors and 212 participants for students. In addition, the statistical sample of Islamic Azad University was equal as 67 participants for professors and 134 participants for students. The questionnaires were researcher-made and developed based on Likert scale. The reliabilities of both questionnaires based on Cronbach's alpha were respectively equal as 0.93 and 0.96 and the statistical tests employed in the research were Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling. In general, according to the findings of the research, based on Pearson correlation coefficient, there was no significant correlation between none of the seven research hypotheses or in other words, between 7 components of innovation culture and the dimensions of educational performance of faculty members in P>0.05. Finally, structural equation modeling indicates that innovation culture and its dimensions have no direct effect on the educational performance of faculty members.
Parasitism of Helicoverpa armigera pupae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Tetrastichus howardi and Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: Oliveira Harley Nonato de , Simonato Juliana , Glaeser Daniele Fabiana , Pereira Fabrício Fagundes
Published: March 2016

Helicoverpa armigera is a pest that was recently detected in Brazil, which causes significant losses in various crops in different regions of the country. Biological control has been reported to offer a promising alternative in the management of this pest. Thus, this study evaluated the ability of the parasitoids Tetrastichus howardi and Trichospilus diatraeae to parasitize pupae of H. armigera in the laboratory. H. armigera pupae were individually exposed to 15 female Trichospilus diatraeae or 15 female Tetrastichus howardi for 24 h. The pupae remained under observation until the emergence of parasitoids. Parasitism by both parasitoids was observed in 100% of the pupae. Further, 100% of Tetrastichus howardi and 90% of Trichospilus diatraeae emerged. The life cycle of Tetrastichus howardi parasitizing pupae of H. armigera was 15 ± 0.0 days, while that of Trichospilus diatraeae was 15.90 ± 0.10 days. The numbers of offspring from Tetrastichus howardi and Trichospilus diatraeae were 669.3 ± 33.47 and 816.11 ± 89.22 per pupae, with a sex ratio of 0.91 ± 0.01 and 0.94 ± 0.01, respectively. Tetrastichus howardi and Trichospilus diatraeae were shown to successfully parasitize H. armigera pupae in laboratory conditions, suggesting that this host could be used for rearing both parasitoids. However, further detailed studies of the host-parasitoid relationship are needed to assess the feasibility of including these parasitoids in integrated management programs of H. armigera.
Termografia digital por infravermelho do escroto, qualidade do sêmen, níveis séricos de testosterona em touros Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) e suas correlações com os fatores climáticos
Authors: Ruediger Felipe Rydygier de , Chacur Marcelo George Mungai , Alves Francisco Carlos Platzeck Estrella , Oba Eunice , Ramos Alcides De Amorim
Published: March 2016

Objetivou-se estudar a relação dos fatores climáticos com a temperatura da superfície do escroto e qualidade seminal por meio da termografia digital de infravermelho em touros Nelore, criados extensivamente. Em seis touros realizaram-se termografia escrotal com câmera Flir E40®, colheita de sangue para a testosterona sérica e colheita de sêmen por eletroejaculação a cada 10 dias, com seis repetições. Os fatores climáticos: temperatura ambiente, umidade relativa do ar, temperatura do globo seco e temperatura do globo úmido foram registrados com globotermômetro (InstruTemp®,ITWTG-2000). Os termogramas do escroto foram analisados com o software Flir Tools® para as temperaturas da superfície escrotal, dos lados direito e esquerdo, colo do escroto, terços: dorsal, médio e ventral dos testículos; e caudas dos epidídimos. Os dados do sêmen e dos termogramas foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey a 5%. Correlação de Pearson foi empregada para as temperaturas da superfície do escroto, temperatura retal, características quantitativas e qualitativas do sêmen e fatores climáticos. Houve correlação positiva (P<0,05) para motilidade espermática x temperaturas do escroto; concentração espermática x temperaturas do escroto; fatores climáticos x temperatura retal. Houve correlação negativa (P<0,05) entre temperatura ambiente x concentração espermática. Concluiu-se que as temperaturas da superfície do escroto e os fatores climáticos, temperatura e umidade do ar, influenciaram na qualidade do sêmen. A termografia é recomendada como exame complementar na avaliação reprodutiva de touros.
Dynamics of Rickettsia parkeri infection in domestic chickens
Authors: Maciel Jonas Fernandes , Brustolin Joice Magali , Krawczak Felipe Da Silva , Alves Marta Elena Machado , Pivoto Felipe Lamberti , Moraes-Filho Jonas , Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Lovato Maristela , Vogel Fernanda Silveira Flores , Botton Sônia De Avila , Sangioni Luis Antônio
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a infecção experimental por Rickettsia parkeri em galinhas domésticas (Gallus gallus domesticus) e investigar a dinâmica de anticorpos. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 64 galinhas criadas extensivamente divididas em oito grupos: G1 - inoculado com 2,5 x 105 células Vero (1 ml) infectadas por R. parkeri via intramuscular (IM); G2 – 5,0 x 105 células Vero (2 ml) infectadas por R. parkeri via IM; G3 - 1 ml do inóculo via subcutânea (SC); G4 - 2 ml de inóculo via SC; G5 – 1 ml do inóculo via intraperitoneal (IP); G6 - 2 ml de inóculo via IP, e G7 e G8 - 1 e 2 ml de meio de cultivo de células Vero via IM, respectivamente representando os grupos controles negativos. Ressaltase que todos os inóculos de R. parkeri estavam viáveis no momento da inoculação. Os soros das aves foram coletados aos 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias pós-infecção (PI) e testadas por reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) para avaliar a dinâmica de anticorpos na infecção aguda e crônica. A identificação da multiplicação de R. parkeri nos tecidos, no mesmo período PI, foi realizada por PCR, para um fragmento do gene gltA, em amostras de baço e pulmão provenientes das galinhas eutanasiadas. As aves do G4 e G3 apresentaram as maiores médias de anticorpos obtendo os níveis mais elevados aos sete e 14 dias PI, respectivamente. G2, G4 e G6 apresentaram médias de anticorpos superiores comparados aos G1, G3 e G5 respectivamente, sendo considerada a infecção dose-dependente. Não foi detectado DNA rickettsial nos tecidos avaliados. No presente trabalho foi possível demonstrar que as aves soroconverteram mediante o desafio da inoculação por R. parkeri, todavia não houve a identificação do agente nos tecidos analisados, bem como a presença de rickettsemia.
Effects of entomopathogenic fungi on different developmental stages of Cotesia flavipes (Cam.) a parasitoid of Diatraea flavipennella (Box) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Silva Cinthia Conceição Matias da , Marques Edmilson Jacinto , Oliveira José Vargas de , Albuquerque Auristela Correia de , Passos Eliana Maria Dos , Guimarães Jennifer
Published: March 2016

Biological control using the parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Cam.) is one of the main components in the integrated management of the sugarcane moth borer Diatraea spp. Besides this parasitoid, the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. are used to control sugarcane pests, and they can be found naturally parasitizing caterpillars. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana on different developmental stages of the C. flavipes parasitoid on Diatraea flavipennella (Box). The experiments were carried at laboratory with isolates PL 43 of M. anisopliae and ESALQ 447 of B. bassiana were applied to the parasitoid at the immature and adult phases. No negative effects were observed on the larval development of C. flavipes, and it could complete its development on caterpillars of D. flavipennella treated with fungi. The fungi did not cause pupal mortality. However, B. bassiana caused high mortality in the adult parasitoid (76%). The fungi had negative effects on parasitoids when applied during certain developmental stages of C. flavipes.
Reproductive performance of Ile de France ewes under dietary supplementation before and during the breeding season
Authors: Cirne Luis Gabriel Alves , Silva Sobrinho Américo Garcia da , Oliveira Maria Emilia Franco , Barbosa José Carlos , Oliveira Gabriel Jorge Carneiro de , Bagaldo Adriana Regina , Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto de , Moreno Greicy Mitzi Bezerra
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of Ile de France ewes undergoing dietary supplementation before and during the breeding season, with and without association with management conditions (pre-mating shearing). Thirty-six ewes with an average body weight of 66 kg were used in the experiment. Treatments involved ewes receiving or not receiving concentrate supplementation (flushing), with groups subdivided according to the management condition to which animals were subjected: shearing or lack of it. Thus, ewes were divided into four treatments: flushed and shorn; flushed and unshorn; unflushed and shorn; and unflushed and unshorn. Flushing increased weight gain and body condition score, and when associated with shearing, it promoted anticipation of estrus. Fertility rate (86.05%), calving rate (77.77%), birth rate (113.83%), and type of birth (single: 82.29% and twin: 17.71%) were not influenced. Birth weight (3.96 kg) and prolificacy (1.25%) also were not affected. Despite the lack of changes in reproductive traits, flushing adopted during the breeding season associated with shearing anticipated estrus in ewes.
Growth curves for Ile de France female sheep raised in feedlot
Authors: Moreira Raphael Patrick , Pedrosa Victor Breno , Falcão Paula Roberta , Sieklicki Michelli De Fátima , Rocha Caroline Gomes , Santos Izaltino Cordeiro , Ferreira Evandro Maia , Martins Adriana De Souza
Published: March 2016

The objective of the present study was to analize the non-linear models that best fit the growth of ewes Ile de France. The experiment was conducted in school farm Capão da Onça, located in city of Ponta Grossa - PR and so, were used data on weight at birth to 210 days of age of 34 females of the breed Ile de France. The animals showed mean weight at birth (PN) of 4,58 kilograms, weaning weight (P60) of 19,58 kilograms and weight at 210 days (P210) equal to 43,18 kilograms, providing daily weight gain (GMD) equal to 0,183 kg/day. The non-linear models used were: Brody, Von Bentarlanffy, Logístic and Gompertz, presenting results, respectively, of 33.5453; 33.7120; 33.6714 and 33.8836 for Error Mean Square (EMS) and 0.9650; 0.8302; 0.9649 and 0.9647 for coefficient of determination (R2). All models tended to describe accordingly the curve of animals growth, but, according to the methods adopted to select the most appropriate model, Von Bertarlanffy showed the best fit. All models presented high and negative correlation between the A and k parameters, indicating that the most precocious animals are less likely to reach elevated weights for 210 days of age
Inclusão de diferentes níveis do resíduo de feijão nas rações de ovinos sobre o consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes
Authors: Castro Wanderson José Rodrigues de , Zanine Anderson De Moura , Souza Alexandre Lima de , Ferreira Daniele De Jesus , Geron Luiz Juliano Valerio , Leão André Gustavo , Negrão Fagton De Mattos , Ferro Mariane Moreno
Published: March 2016

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão do resíduo de feijão na dieta de ovinos confinados sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Foram utilizados 16 ovinos, machos inteiros, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela inclusão de 0; 11; 22 e 33% na MS do resíduo de feijão nas dietas experimentais, as quais corresponderam aos níveis de substituição de 0,0; 33,3; 66,7 e 100,0% da torta de algodão pelo resíduo de feijão. Os dados das variáveis estudadas foram submetidos às análises de variância e de regressão, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%. A escolha do modelo foi baseada na significância dos parâmetros de regressão, testada pelo teste t (P<0,05), e nos valores dos coeficientes de determinação. Os níveis de inclusão de resíduo feijão na dieta dos ovinos influenciaram (P<0,05) de maneira linear decrescente os valores de consumos de matéria seca, proteína bruta, matéria orgânica, extrato etéreo e fibra em detergente neutro indigestível expressos em g animal-1 dia-1, percentagem do peso corporal (% PC) e peso metabólico (PC 0,75). Porém foi observado que a inclusão dos diferentes níveis de inclusão do resíduo de feijão não alterou (P>0,05) o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro, carboidratos não fibrosos e nutrientes digestíveis totais dos ovinos confinados. Observou-se que para cada 1,0% da inclusão do resíduo de feijão na dieta de ovinos ocorreu uma redução no consumo de MS de 4,93; 0,01 e 0,20 expressos em g animal-1 dia-1, % PC e PC0,75, respectivamente. A cada 1,0% de inclusão do resíduo de feijão foi observado a redução de 2,73% no consumo de fibra em detergente neutro indigestível dos ovinos confinados. Os ovinos apresentaram um aumentou linear (P<0,05) no consumo de água com a inclusão dos diferentes níveis do resíduo de feijão nas dietas experimentais. A inclusão de 0; 11; 22 e 33% do resíduo de feijão na dieta de ovinos influenciou de forma linear crescente (P<0,05) a digestibilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta, matéria orgânica e fibra em detergente neutro. Assim, conclui-se que a inclusão até 22% do resíduo de feijão na dieta de ovinos em confinamento, promove valores equilibrados e adequados entre o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes.
Effect of corn oil on the digestibility and economic viability of broiler chicken feed, and on the bromatological composition of breast meat
Authors: Antunes Marcella Machado , Bueno João Paulo Rodrigues , Fernandes Evandro De Abreu , Carvalho Carolina Magalhães Caires , Litz Fernanda Heloisa , Martins Julyana Machado da Silva , Silva Marina Cruvinel Assunção , Masculi André Lucas Silva , Nascimento Mara Regina Bueno de Mattos
Published: March 2016

Objetivou-se avaliar a digestibilidade, eficiência econômica e composição do músculo do peito de frangos de corte alimentados com ração contendo óleo de milho como alternativa de substituição ao óleo de soja. Foi avaliado a digestibilidade da ração, da proteína bruta (PB), do extrato etéreo (EE); energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn); em dois períodos (17-21 e 31-35 dias). A análise da composição do músculo do peito, o custo da ração (Yi), índice de eficiência econômica (IEE) e índice de custo (IC) para peso vivo do animal e da carcaça entre as fontes lipídicas foi realizada no final da criação. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 com dois ingredientes (óleo soja e óleo milho) e em dois períodos (17-21 e 31-35 dias). A digestibilidade foi realizada com quatro repetições por tratamento com duas aves por unidade experimental e para a composição do musculo do peito foi feito seis repetições por tratamento. Houve interação dieta e idade para a digestibilidade da PB (P < 0,05), que foi maior (P < 0,05) aos 17-21 dias utilizando o óleo de soja. A digestibilidade da ração foi maior (P < 0,05) aos 31- 35 dias em comparação aos 17-21 dias de idade. A digestibilidade do EE não foi alterada (P > 0,05) pelos tratamentos e pelas idades. A utilização do óleo de milho resultou em maior (P < 0,05) EMA aos 17-21 dias de idade, EMA e EMAn aos 31-35 dias de idade, enquanto não houve diferença (P > 0,05) para EMAn aos 17-21 dias. Na composição de peito, não foram encontradas diferenças (P > 0,05) em deposição de EE. Para o nível de PB e matéria seca (MS) o óleo de milho apresentou melhores valores enquanto que para umidade de peito o óleo de soja resultou em maiores teores de umidade se comparado ao óleo de milho (P < 0,05). O resultado de viabilidade econômica beneficiou o óleo de soja. Concluiuse que o óleo de milho pode substituir o óleo de soja em dietas formuladas com o sorgo, pois apresenta maior energia metabolizável aparente da ração e melhor composição de peito.
Mulberry leaves treated with bordeaux mixture protect silkworm caterpillars against fungal and viral diseases
Authors: Fernandes Juliana , Brancalhão Rose Meire Costa , Nicodemo Daniel , Ribeiro Lucinéia De Fátima Chasko , Santorum Marilucia
Published: March 2016

The bordeaux mixture is used as a natural agricultural fungicide, and its application in sericulture can benefit the production of silkworm cocoons, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). The aim of this study was to verify whether the bordeaux mixture exerts a protective effect in B. mori against fungal and viral diseases. This experiment was performed during two seasons, autumn and spring, in which 7,500 caterpillars were used at the beginning of the third instar and divided into five groups, with three repetitions of 500 individuals each. In the three groups, the caterpillars were fed leaves of Mulberry (Morus spp.) that were enriched with an aqueous bordeaux mixture solution at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20%. One group was fed exclusively mulberry leaves (control), and another was fed leaves that were moistened with water. Fungal contamination was evaluated in the integumentary surface of the insect and the mulberry leaves in the bed of creation by checking the number of colony-forming units (CFU). In the analysis of viral contamination, 20 caterpillars from each group at the beginning of the fifth instar were inoculated with 10 ?l of a suspension of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). Daily, from the second to the ninth day after inoculation (dai), two caterpillars of each group were anesthetized and formalin-fixed 7% for microscopic processing and viral cytopathology analysis. A completely randomized design was used, and the CFU were compared by Tukey test with 5% significance. The results showed a decrease of 55.1% in CFU present on the mulberry leaves in the fall, when the 5% bordeaux mixture solution was used. There was no significant difference between the groups based on the bordeaux mixture in this period. During the same period, reductions of CFU of 28.5, 74.9 and 74.4% were verified in the integument of B. mori when bordeaux mixture solutions of 5, 10 and 20% were used, respectively, compared with the data that were obtained in the control group. In the spring, no difference was observed between the groups that received bordeaux mixture solution and the control. In the case of BmNPV, the 10% bordeaux mixture solution promoted greater resistance to viral infection, possibly favoring the activation of defense mechanisms of insects. Therefore, we recommend the use of a 10% bordeaux mixture solution in mulberry leaves to control fungal and viral diseases in silkworm rearing.
Tipologia de sistemas de produção leiteiros baseado nas características produtivas e de manejo na Região Oeste do Paraná
Authors: Lange Maichel Jhonattas , Zambom Maximiliane Alavarse , Ramos Carlos Eduardo Crispim de Oliveira , Castagnara Deise Dalazen , Bánkuti Ferenc Istvan , Neumann Marcelo Eduardo , Brito Marcel Moreira de , Tinini Rodrigo Cesar dos Reis
Published: March 2016

A produção de leite no Brasil é de natureza complexa, pois depende de uma base constituída de elevado número de produtores de baixa escala de produção e grande diversidade de estratégias. Nos últimos anos, essa cadeia produtiva tem sofrido consideráveis modificações estruturais, aumentando a necessidade do conhecimento e caracterização da atividade. Desta forma, o objetivo proposto neste estudo foi caracterizar propriedades rurais segundo aspectos produtivos a fim de identificar os diferentes sistemas de produção de bovinos leiteiros do Oeste do Paraná. Para tanto, foram realizadas 735 entrevistas através de questionários semiestruturados, com produtores de leite, utilizando um questionário guia referente às práticas de manejo da diversidade dos sistemas de produção. Os dados foram tabulados e tratados no programa estatístico SPSS-v.18, utilizou-se a análise de correspondências múltiplas – ACM e análise de conglomerados (cluster hierárquico). As duas primeiras dimensões agruparam 71,9% da inércia, sendo a DIM1 49,4% e a DIM2 22,5%. Utilizando a análise de cluster, formaram-se cinco grupos distintos e homogêneos (G1, G2, G3, G4 e G5) de sistemas de produção. Esses sistemas tinham em comum serem propriedades de pequeno porte e de apresentarem em sua maioria mão-de-obra familiar. Conclui-se que existem diferentes grupos de produtores de leite no município, com relação às características dos sistemas de produção no que diz respeito à estrutura da propriedade, plantel e maneira como os produtores mobilizam e atuam sobre os fatores de produção, a tipologia realizada a partir dessas características se mostra uma ferramenta útil na ação da assistência técnica e na definição de estratégias por parte da indústria.

 
Necessidade e desafios do uso de materiais de enriquecimento ambiental na suinocultura industrial
Authors: Silva Caio Abércio da , Manteca Xavier , Dias Cleandro Pazinato
Published: March 2016

Os suínos possuem necessidades natas que quando não atendidas afetam seu comportamento e sua eficiência produtiva, promovendo o surgimento de problemas de bem-estar. A exploração e a busca por alimento é um comportamento inerente dos suínos em todas as fases de produção, e a preparação do ninho é uma necessidade exclusiva da fêmea durante o pré-parto. Nas unidades de criação intensiva o fornecimento de materiais de enriquecimento ambiental é uma forma de atender estas necessidades, permitindo que os animais expressem plenamente seu comportamento, evitando problemas como caudofagia, estereotipias e, especificamente no caso das matrizes, o início do parto sob estresse, resultando no comprometimento do parto e dos leitões. A palha é reconhecidamente o material de enriquecimento com as características que melhor atende estas demandas, constituindo um item primordial descrito nas legislações de bem-estar animal de vários países. Assim, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de destacar a importância em atender as demandas biológicas dos suínos por materiais de enriquecimento ambiental; demonstrar os resultados positivos que estes materiais exercem no bem-estar dos suínos, ao mesmo tempo em que são abordados os desafios para a viabilização do uso regular destes recursos na suinocultura industrial.
Selectivity of organic compounds to the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Plastygastridae)
Authors: Silva Débora Mello da , Bueno Adeney De Freitas , Andrade Karine , Stecca Cristiane Dos Santos , Neves Pedro Manuel Oliveira Janeiro , Moscardi Flávio
Published: March 2016

The selectivity of insecticides, bio-protective mixtures, and biofertilizers used in organic soybean production was evaluated for adults and pupae of the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) under laboratory conditions in accordance with protocols proposed by the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC). The products sprayed (dosage/180L of water) were: 1) Baculovírus anticarsia 140x109 cpi; 2) Bacillus thuringiensis 16.8g; 3) Azadirachtin-A, azadirachtin-B, nimbina and salamina 9.6 ppm; 4) Rotenoids 4 liters; 5) Nitrogen 1.3%, phosphorus 3.0% and total organic carbon 8.0% 3 liters; 6) Sodium silicate 2% 4 liters; 7) Copper 7% + calcium 3.3% 1.8 liters; 8) Sulfur 20% + quicklime 10% 1.8 liters; 9) Chlorpyrifos 384g (positive control); 10) Distilled H2O (negative control). The results of experiments using pupae indicate that the organic compounds were classified as harmless (Class 1), except for the copper 7% + calcium 3.3% and sulfur 20% + quicklime 10%, which were classified as slightly harmful (Class 2). The contact bioassay with adults showed that all products were classified as harmless (Class 1). Only chlorpyrifos (384g) was classified as harmful (Class 4) for both stages of the parasitoid. However, the use of this product (chlorpyrifos) is not permitted in organic farming, and even in conventional farming is recommended, where feasible, replacement of the product with one compatible with the preservation of T. remus in nature. Thus, the products tested and used in organic soybean production were considered compatible with the parasitoid eggs of T. remus.
Response of broccoli to soil water tension under drip irrigation
Authors: Tangune Bartolomeu Felix , Pereira Geraldo Magela , Souza Rovilson José de , Gatto Rafael Frees
Published: March 2016

We evaluated the effect of different soil water tensions on the production of broccoli cultivated in a protected environment under drip irrigation in order to establish criteria for the adequate management of irrigation. A completely randomized block design was used, comprising six treatments and four replicates. The treatments included six soil water tensions (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 kPa). Soil water tension was monitored with granular matrix sensors installed at depths of 0.2 m (decision sensors) and 0.4 m (seepage control sensors). Total and marketable fresh weight of broccoli heads, average diameter of marketable heads, height of marketable heads, and total and marketable yield were greatest when the soil water tension at a depth of 0.2 m was 15 kPa, at which the mean values of the evaluated variables were 0.84 kg, 0.76 kg, 20.5 cm, 11.7 cm; 26.5 t ha?1, and 23.7 t ha?1, respectively. Treatments did not significantly affect efficiency of water use or height of marketable heads.
Comparison of Antibacterial Activity of the Spent Substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes
Authors: Zepeda-Bastida A. , Ojeda-Ramírez D. , Soto-Simental S. , Rivero-Perez N. , Ayala-Martínez M.
Published: March 2016

Nowadays, the uncontrolled use of antibiotics has created the problem of bacterial resistance to them, what has motivated the search for new alternatives of drug for the treatment of bacterial diseases. Here, we compare antimicrobial activity of spent substrate of mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes, against Escherichia coli, Salmonella tiphymorium, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus. We designed two mixtures, barley straw to be used as a substrate of cultivation of mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus and oats or cedar for the cultivation of mushroom Lentinula edodes; and were obtained aqueous extracts from spent substrates; extracts were tested for antibacterial activity. The protocol was a completely randomized assay with a factorial arrangement design. The data were analyzed with PROC GLM, SAS. The results showed that in the case of Escherichia coli the greatest inhibition zone was of 12.66 mm at a concentration of 6 mg mL-1, with treatment of Lentinula edodes/Cedar; Salmonella tiphymorium showed a greatest inhibition zone of 31.10 mm to a concentration of 5.12 mg mL-1, with treatment of Pleurotus ostreatus/Barley straw; Staphylococcus aureus showed a greatest inhibition zone of 9.33 mm to a concentration of 100 mg mL-1, with the treatment of Lentinula edodes/Cedar and finaly, Micrococcus luteus showed a greatest inhibition zone of 15.00 mm to a concentration of 50 mg mL-1, with the treatment Lentinula edodes/Oats. In conclusion, the results suggest that it is possible to use indistinctly the spent substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes as source of extracts with antibacterial activity.
Animal Assisted Therapy in a Special Needs Dental Practice: An Interprofessional Model for Anxiety Reduction
Authors: Cajares Caren M. , Rutledge Carolyn M. , Haney Tina S.
Published: March 2016

Purpose: Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) suffer from poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease that may predispose them to systemic diseases. In order to receive dental care, the assistance of a certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA) is often needed. The role of the CRNA is to provide sedation to reduce the high level of anxiety demonstrated by many individuals with intellectual disabilities in the dental suite. However, this can become a challenge with patients that are anxious when they arrive. The purpose of this paper is to describe an interprofessional dental team that added a certified therapy dog and handler to reduce anxiety of individuals with IDD when they arrive in the dental suite.
Methods: A convenience sample of 30 individuals with intellectual disability seen for dental care in an outpatient setting met with a therapy dog prior to receiving preventative dental care. Comparisons were made between observed anxiety levels and behaviors measured by the ADAMS (anxiety scale) and a researcher-developed behavior tool prior to and after the interaction with the therapy dog.
Results: This program suggested that the addition of the therapy dog to the interprofessional team prior to sedation decreased anxiety levels and improved the behavioral outcomes of the individual with intellectual disabilities.
Conclusions: The incorporation of a certified therapy dog and handler as part of an interprofessional healthcare team in the dental suite may pay great dividends in improving the compliance and comfort of the individual with intellectual and developmental disabilities during dental care visits.
Pratiques juridiques et idéologies langagières dans un tribunal non officiellement multilingue
Authors: Hoffman Katherine E. , Broué Catherine
Published: March 2016

Au Maroc, les tribunaux demeurent le Saint Graal des militants amazighs qui souhaitent la légitimation institutionnelle du tamazight (langue berbère ou langue amazighe) et cherchent à mettre fin aux discriminations linguistiques et à la domination arabe dans les administrations. Les pratiques juridiques en langue vernaculaire tamazight ne sont régies par aucune politique étatique officielle, et c’est plutôt la langue arabe qui domine les affaires judiciaires. Pourtant, comme je le soutiens dans le présent article, l’ « État » emploie des individus, en particulier des juges et des officiers d’état civil, dont certains utilisent des variétés régionales de tamazight dans le cadre de leur travail, notamment pour enregistrer les mariages dans le cadre de tribunaux coutumiers ambulants, procédures qui ont fait l’objet de mes enquêtes sur le terrain et d’entrevues. Les pratiques et les idéologies langagières des juges méritent l’attention de quiconque souhaite étudier l’économie de la langue dans la politique marocaine, notamment en raison du statut élevé de ces représentants de l’État et du respect dont ils sont auréolés. Le personnel juridique obéit aux nécessités politiques en fonction de contraintes et de possibilités locales – notamment linguistiques – et, ce faisant, contribue à modeler l’ensemble des choix politiques en matière de langue au Maroc.
Marchés linguistiques autochtones
Authors: Dorais Louis-Jacques
Published: March 2016

Cet article cherche à examiner le fonctionnement de quatre marchés linguistiques (selon la définition de Bourdieu) : trois en contexte inuit (Nunavut, Nunavik, Groenland) et un en milieu amérindien (chez les Hurons-Wendat). Nous essayons de comprendre jusqu’à quel point les langues indigènes constituent un capital dont la possession dote leurs locuteurs d’une agencéité économique et politique potentiellement moins efficace que celle des locuteurs des langues véhiculaires, renforçant ainsi les hégémonies issues du colonialisme. A contrario, nous nous demandons également si, au-delà des simples considérations économiques, les langues ne contribuent pas à accroître le capital symbolique de ceux qui les parlent (jouant ainsi un rôle anti-hégémonique), même quand ceux-ci constituent une minorité. En dernière instance cependant, une langue minoritaire peut-elle survivre sans le soutien d’une base économique et politique favorable ?
Les frontaliers sur le marché linguistique luxembourgeois
Authors: Franziskus Anne
Published: March 2016

Dans cette note de recherche sont proposées quelques pistes de réflexion sur la forte présence de frontaliers dans le marché de l’emploi luxembourgeois et la demande complexe en compétences linguistiques exigées par les entrepreneurs. Il existe en effet un décalage entre les besoins de la part des entreprises et les compétences disponibles de cette main-d’oeuvre. Plus concrètement, l’article s’appuie sur une étude ethnographique menée dans trois entreprises : un supermarché, une entreprise de distribution de bureau de matériel et une entreprise informatique. Tout d’abord la perspective des responsables quant aux exigences qu’ils posent à leur main d’oeuvre est présentée. Ces discours montrent que le luxembourgeois est la langue la plus convoitée pour les entreprises ancrées dans le contexte local. Ensuite sont mises en évidence les stratégies de compensation mises en oeuvre pour pallier le manque de main d’oeuvre compétente en cette langue. Finalement, le décalage entre les discours managériaux et le vécu des employés frontaliers et les tensions qui existent au sein de l’entreprise sont décrits par le biais du cas d’une entreprise de distribution.
Le cimetière des « Éléphants noirs »
Authors: Soldani Jérôme
Published: March 2016

Des affaires judiciaires de matchs truqués liés aux paris touchent régulièrement la ligue taïwanaise de baseball professionnel depuis le milieu des années 1990. Elles impliquent chaque fois un grand nombre de joueurs et d’entraîneurs, des personnalités politiques locales et des membres de la police. L’acte de tricherie constitue une rupture du contrat moral qui lie les joueurs professionnels à leurs supporters. Ces joueurs sont le plus souvent désignés par l’animal emblématique de leur club auquel est attachée l’épithète « noir », qui souligne la perception négative de ces agissements et les relie implicitement aux organisations criminelles qui contrôlent le milieu des paris. Ces pratiques de corruption sont imbriquées aux réseaux étendus d’interconnaissance dans lesquels les joueurs s’inscrivent. Ces derniers se trouvent ainsi pris entre plusieurs espaces d’obligations sociales et sous la menace d’une radiation à vie de la ligue. Une analyse des matchs truqués relatifs aux paris permet d’appréhender comment les valeurs morales structurent la pratique du baseball à Taïwan et la façon dont elles sont négociées.
Les déterminants de la croissance des essaimages académiques1
Authors: Bessière2 Véronique , Gomez-Breysse Marie , Messeghem Karim , Ramaroson Andry , Sammut Sylvie
Published: March 2016

Les essaimages académiques se sont fortement développés en France depuis le début des années 2000. Cependant, malgré ce développement, la compréhension de leur processus de croissance et la durabilité de cette croissance restent peu explorées. À partir d’un échantillon de 118 essaimages académiques français de la même génération, cet article analyse les facteurs qui déterminent leur croissance au-delà de leur 5e année d’existence. Ces facteurs sont dérivés de l’approche par les ressources et des capacités dynamiques. Les résultats de notre étude quantitative montrent que 5 facteurs expliquent la croissance des essaimages académiques étudiés : l’orientation entrepreneuriale (et plus largement les ressources cognitives), l’acquisition de compétences tout au long du processus entrepreneurial, le montant des fonds levés (publics et privés), la capacité technologique et l’accompagnement.