bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adult ESL Learners’ Reading Fluency and Comprehension: An Insight
Authors: Li Mei
Published: August 2018

The present study aimed at exploring the elements affecting reading fluency and how to improve ESL learners’ reading fluency and comprehension. It was attempted to find whether ESL learners would perform better when taught through top-down or bottom-up reading instruction model. 54 Chinese freshmen with the same level of reading proficiency tested through College Entrance Exam participated in this study. Two experiments were designed. Experiment 1 was reading fluency practice in classroom while experiment 2 was bottom-up vs. top-down model in Extensive Reading course. Bottom-up approach, a traditional teaching method was used in Class 1 in which students enjoyed independent silent reading and more flexibility of doing their reading homework. As for those in Class 2, students were assigned to top-down processing instruction model where the instructor carried out partner reading with regular after-class reading assignment. Then, the treatment was run and finally, both groups received a reading comprehension post-test. The data were collected and analyzed. The results revealed that reading aloud to a partner is an efficient way for improving fluency compared with silent reading; the more models of fluent reading the students hear the better. Meanwhile the study indicates routine checking up is also helping in building learners’ fluency. The results also show that bottom-up training had a negative impact on fluency and comprehension. In contrast, top-down training positively affected fluency but had little impact on comprehension. These figures have implications for the type of language instruction used in actual classrooms. In light of these findings, the researcher also offered recommendations for ESL instructors.
Parameter Estimation of a Mixed Production Function Model Based on Improved Firefly Algorithm and Model Application
Authors: Cheng Maolin , Han Yun
Published: August 2018

In the analysis on economic growth factors, researchers usually use the production function model to calculate and measure influencing factors’ contribution rates to economic growth. Common production functions include the CD (Cobb-Douglas) production function, the CES (Constant Elasticity of Substitution) production function, the VES (Variable Elasticity of Substitution) production function, and so on. In consideration of the diversity and complementarity of models, the paper combines the CD production function with the CES production function and then proposes a mixed production function. With regard to the parameter estimation of model, the paper gives an improved firefly algorithm with the high precision and a fast rate of convergence. With regard to the calculation of factors’ contribution rates, traditional methods generally have big errors and are not applicable to complicated models, so the paper offers a new method which can calculate contribution rates scientifically. Finally, the paper calculates the contribution rates of factors affecting Chinese economic growth and gets a good result.
When the Teens Narrate the Selves in Indonesian Literature: Gender, Subject, and Power
Authors: Udasmoro Wening
Published: August 2018

The subjects that participated in the production of meaning in the literature included authors, publishers, and illustrators. The aim of this article was to investigate the role and the exercise of the power of these different subjects in trying to construct teenager identities through teen’s literature in different eras of Indonesia. Different teenager literature was analyzed since The New Order to the Reformasi Era of Indonesian political rule. This research used the Critical Discourse Analysis method, which examined all social and cultural products as discourse. Discourse in this context was the construction that contained within it components that require attention. The analysis shows that there is an environment of gender, middle-and upperclass production, consumption, and the reproduction of narration by those different subjects. All of them compete because they have different agendas. However, they also negotiate and work collaboratively through their own narrations, because they all have the same objective of acquiring financial benefit.
Impoliteness in EFL Complaints: Exploring its Intentions and Motivating Factors
Authors: Wijayanto Agus , Hikmat Mauly Halwat , Prasetyarini Aryati
Published: August 2018

The present study investigated intentions and motivating factors of using impoliteness in interlanguage complaints by EFL learners. Empirical data were elicited by means of oral discourse completion tasks and questionnaires from 42 Indonesian learners of English. Post-structured interviews were conducted to obtain the intentions and reasons of deploying impoliteness in the complaints. The results reveal that impoliteness is triggered by three general motivating factors; speaker-related factors, target person-related factors, and contextual factors. A number of intentions of deploying impoliteness are found, and they suggest that impoliteness is a means to an end rather than an end itself.
Turn Holding Cues in Multi-participant Conversations in Downton Abbey Te
Authors: Sudartinah Titik , Nursanti Emi
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to identify the turn-holding cues in Downton Abbey television series and describe the factors contributing to the effective use of them. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The data were multi-participant conversations in the television series, specifically the first three episodes of the first season. The procedures for conducting the study were collecting the data, completing them with their context, setting, and then analyzing them. The result shows that to hold a turn, speakers use cues such as filled pause, verbal filler, tactically placed silent pause, new start, grammatical incompleteness, and rush-through. The speakers’ attempt to hold the turn are successfully accomplished as they can continue finishing their utterances without any interruption from other participants. The factors contributing to the effective use of turn-holding cues are putting the cues at strategic places, and most importantly, cooperation among participants.
Reader-Response Study on Characteristics of Arafo Women in Nodeko’s Web Manga Dokushin OL No Tatemae To Honne
Authors: Puspitasari Dewi , Lestari Eka Marthanty Indah
Published: August 2018

This research aimed to analyzed the responses of readers regarding the characteristics of Arafo women in web manga. In this case, the researchers want to see the responses of the readers regarding occupation, marriage, and the lifestyle of Arafo women. With the reception theory by Hall, it could be seen whether the message from the author of the web manga about Arafo women can be fully understood or interpreted differently by the readers. This research used a qualitative method with the research steps; namely identifying the suitable respondents, planning the instruments in the form of the list of questions for an interview, collecting data through field study (related to interview), and literature review (related to the written data). Data analysis was performed with stages; namely processing the result of the interview, reducing data, grouping data, interpreting data, and concluding data. The research result shows that there are three types of readers based on the theory of Hall; namely dominant/hegemonic position regarding age and occupation of Arafo women, the negotiated position related to issue of independence, and oppositional position related to issues of spouse and marriage. Different feedbacks from the readers on the same text are affected by some factors; namely knowledge about the condition of Japanese society and Arafo women, a difference of experience, and difference of perspective.
Bahasa Indonesia-English Code-Mixing in Writing Business Emails: Understanding the Communicative Purpose
Authors: Andre Robby
Published: August 2018

The study had two objectives, those were to investigate the use of code-mixing in the business emails which could be categorized as asynchronous computer-mediated communication, and to calculate the most prevalent occurrences of codemixing in the business emails. The data were gathered from the business emails of Corporate Sales Officer in The British Institute Surabaya and its corporate clients from January to June 2017. Code-mixing typology acted as the primary tool in identifying and classifying the code-mixing in the data. The analysis of data yielded a total of 209 code-mixing occurrences. From the result, it can be seen that code-mixing insertion is ranked as the most prevalent occurrences of code-mixing with a total of 115 occurrences (55,02%). It is followed by code-mixing congruent lexicalization with 78 occurrences (37,32%),and code-mixing alternation with 16 occurrences (7,66%). Furthermore, the result of the study shows that the occurrences of code-mixing categories in the business emails may have some communicative purposes, such as emphasizing the main idea of the utterances or referring to the specific lexical items which deal with the knowledge of certain fields.
“Wait, How Do I Say that in English?” Communication Strategies for English as a Foreign Language Learners
Authors: Aziz Zulfadli , Fata Ika Apriani , Balqis Syarifah
Published: August 2018

This research aimed to investigate communication speaking skill strategies applied by two groups of English foreign language learners in two boarding senior high schools in Aceh, Indonesia. Of the successful group, there were 52 learners and of the less successful group 24 learners. To collect the data, this study employed the observation sheet adapted by Tarone(1978), which determined nine categories of communication strategies; approximation, word coinage, circumlocution, literal translation, language switch, mime, appeal for assistance, topic avoidance, and message abandonment. The students were observed during their speaking class. The result of this research is the literal translation, approximation, and language switchbecome the most frequent strategies used by the less successful learners. It implies that the students have had difficulties communicating in the target language. On the other hand, successful learners prefer to use approximation, literal translation, and appeal for assistance strategies. It implies that the students tend to speak and communicate well, if not yet fluently. Based on the findings, it is suggested that English teachers should introduce several communication strategies for both groups of learners to improve their effective communication.
Teaching Spoken Narrative by Using Silent Viewing Video Technique to Senior High School Students
Authors: Muslimah Ana
Published: August 2018

This research aimed to describe the implementation of silent viewing technique in teaching speaking narrative to develop students’ ideas in learning process. There were 34 senior high school students in SMAN 1 Driyorejo who participated in this qualitative study. This research used three instruments such as checklist observation, interview, and questionnaire. The result shows that the use of silent viewing technique is successful and effective. The students can make good storytelling after the implementation. It also makes the students easily absorb the new knowledge and share their ideas and opinions based on what they have watched in the silent video.
Measuring the Quality of Signs for Objects in the Economy
Authors: Маlyarets Lyudmyla , Dorokhov Oleksandr
Published: August 2018

The problems of measuring the quality attributes for different objects in the economy were considered. This article used methods of value measuring in the economy that were determined by the existing types. In this, it must distinguish between direct primary measurement, indirect measurement, joint and combined measurement. The different ways to solve it on the basis of joint measurement of qualitative and quantitative attributes inherent to economic facilities that were explored. Stages and elements of the quantities measurement processes in the economy were classified and analyzed. The corresponding mathematical methods and tools depending on the objectives and procedures of measurements are determined. The conceptual representation of an integral quality of the object in the economy as a generalizing indicator was proposed. It finds that it is possible to make general conclusions that underestimate the role of non-metric signs in the characterization of the object that is explained by their insufficient study and poorly developed mathematical tools to measure them.
Organizational Lerning and Strategy: Information Processing Approach of Organizaitonal Learning to Perform Strategic Choice Analysis
Authors: Prasetya Agustian Budi
Published: August 2018

Study of organizational learning required to discuss the issue of strategy to understand company’s organizational knowledge and how company applied the organizational knowledge toward the changing of the environment. Method of the analysis for this research was based on desk research thoroughly on the existing literature. This research analyzed the viewpoints of different researchers in organizational learning and elaborates the information processing abilities approach of Organizational Learning (OL). Based on desk research on literature, the research discussed information processing approach to explain organizational learning and strategy choice by describing the importance of information and assumptions, the activities of knowledge acquisition, interpreting and distribution of the knowledge, typology of exploitation and exploration learning. It proposed the importance of the company to perform alignment between internal managerial process arrangement and external environment while doing the learning, based on the strategic choice space, as theatrical clustering map of the learning, the fit, the alignment, and the alliances of the organization. This research finds that the strategic space might help the analysis of balancing between exploitation and exploration learning while applying the analysis of varied firm characteristics, strategic orientation, and industrial environments.
Medical Economics: End the FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
Authors: Romanach John , Block Walter E.
Published: August 2018

The aim of this research is to know what FDA was done to get pure food and drug. Was it to put all the eggs in one basket and entrust the objective to a monopolistic agency which suffers no financial losses when it errors or would the authors be better off relying on a private, competitive certification industry, the firms of which can earn profits for accurate assessments and losses for erroneous ones? Ensuring the quality of pharmaceuticals was concerned, the best and most efficient means toward that end was reliance on free enterprise. The method used was the literature review by applying what the authors knew about the difference between competition and monopoly to an arena where all too seldom was it applied. It finds that the FDA cannot eliminate risk; only deny people from taking the calculated risk in the hope of curing disease. Legislation such as the Compassionate Freedom of Choice Act has been introduced with the intention of empowering patients to make informed decisions and allow them to take drugs not approved by the FDA.
Exploration of Methods for Small Businesses in Determining The Brand Positioning through Marketing Mix Concept
Authors: Rebecca Irene Teresa , Maharani Anita
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study was to show how small business owner reconstructed brand for its products through the concept of 7Ps. The research method used was qualitative, with in-depth interviews with the owner of the brand Keona. The results show that Keona products keep producing an updated model that is able to compete, supported by price and after-sales service. Then, consumers can find the products through the variety of channels. Results of this study encourages managerial implications that the business owner of bag Keona should keep up the quality assurance of its products, referring to standard operational procedures for service. Moreover, the owner should also optimize the features of social media as a means of marketing, and produce product line for any segments.
Sukma desi alternatif menjaring kader kesehatan di Kabupaten Boyolali
Authors: Nugroho Putut Wisnu , Arisanti Yunita
Published: August 2018

Kader kesehatan sangat diharapkan sebagai komponen integral tenaga kerja kesehatan untuk pembangunan kesehatan (Susanto et al.). Dukungan terbesar untuk persoalan kesehatan masyarakat Boyolali selama ini datang dari para kader kesehatan. Namun berdasarkan data Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Boyolali, jumlah kader kesehatan di Boyolali semakin menurun. Ada 10.000 kader yang terdata di tahun 2014, sedangkan pada tahun 2017 tersisa 6.900 kader (Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Boyolali) . Artinya setiap tahun terjadi penurunan sekitar 1.000 kader. Setelah dianalisa, penurunan jumlah kader ini bersifat alamiah. Sebagian besar kader adalah mereka yang telah mengabdi untuk jangka waktu yang sangat panjang, beberapa bahkan lebih dari 30 tahun pengabdian. Sedangkan proses regenerasi tidak berlangsung cepat. (Laverack and Labonte). Dalam paper ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Sedangkan data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari dokumen dan literatur yang tersedia. Paper ini ingin menunjukkan pengalaman menjaring kader kesehatan di Kabupaten Boyolali dengan sebutan Sukarelawan Kader Muda Kesehatan Desa Siaga (SUKMA DESI). Jumlah Anggota Sukarelawan Kader Muda Kesehatan Desa Siaga (SUKMA DESI) pada Tahun 2017 sejumlah 1000 orang . Anggotanya diutamakan berasal dari Karang Taruna Desa , generasi muda yang berasal dari pelajar SMP dan SMA, SBH (Saka Bakti Husada ), dan Mahasiswa. Rumah Sekretariat Sukma Desi sejumlah 1 rumah, dan 2 rumah dalam tahap proses penetapan dari Kabupaten. Agar penjaringan kader dapat dilaksanakan lebih efektif, pemerintah daerah lain dapat menggunakan pendekatan terhadap komunitas yang memiliki massa misalnya komunitas mobil, komunitas sepeda motor, komunitas olahraga dan lain-lain. Selain itu itu perlu dipikirkan untuk menggunakan aplikasi informasi untuk memudahkan pendataan anggota kader muda kesehatan.
Pemetaan masalah kesehatan akibat fenomena badai cempaka berdasarkan kondisi kerawanan bencana di kabupaten Gunungkidul
Authors: Rahayu Kusnia Wati , Sumartini Sumartini , Sukoco Sidig H.
Published: August 2018

Tujuan: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memetakan masalah kesehatan di masyarakat akibat bencana badai cempaka berdasarkan kondisi kerawanan bencana di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Metode: Studi kuantitatif deskriptif. Data penyakit pos kesehatan diperoleh dari hasil survey lapangan, data puskesmas dan data dinas kesehatan. Pemetaan persebaran penyakit menggunakan software Arcgiss. Hasil: Terdapat 43 pos kesehatan pada wilayah kerja 17 Puskesmas di 13 Kecamatan. Korban bencana berjumlah 2581 KK dengan 2 korban meninggal dunia dan 1 korban luka berat. Data penyakit yang terlaporkan yaitu penyakit berpotensi wabah: diare, ISPA, varicella, TBC, dengan angka tertinggi adalah penyakit ISPA sebesar 250 kasus. Sedangkan mayoritas penyakit tidak menular adalah gatal kulit, sakit kepala, dan hipertensi. Selain itu terdapat satu kasus febris, satu kasus stroke, dan dua kasus gangguan kejiwaan yang dirujuk ke puskesmas dan ke rumah sakit terdekat. Kasus terbanyak terdapat pada zona utara dan zona tengah, terutama Kecamatan Nglipar dan Kecamatan Semanu. Hal ini terjadi karena zona utara dan tengah, lebih rawan terjadi bencana banjir dan tanah longsor. Simpulan: Masalah kesehatan yang muncul saat kondisi bencana tidak hanya penyakit menular berpotensi wabah, tetapi juga penyakit tidak menular dan gangguan kejiwaan. Perencanaan pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi kerawanan bencana sangat penting sebagai langkah antisipasi munculnya bencana di kemudian hari.
Analisis pemberitaan media pers terhadap kasus bunuh diri
Authors: Ratnasari Agatha Astri
Published: August 2018

Bunuh diri saat ini menjadi permasalahan kesehatan mental yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius. Angka bunuh diri di Yogyakarta khususnya Kabupaten Gunung Kidul dari tahun 2001 hingga 2016 mencapai 458 kejadian. Depresi menjadi penyebab utama kejadian bunuh diri tetapi apabila ditelusuri lebih lanjut, media juga memiliki pengaruh terhadap peningkatan kasus bunuh diri melalui efek pemberitaan. Menganalisis isi pemberitaan media pers terhadap kasus bunuh diri dan dampaknya terhadap masyarakat khususnya di Yogyakarta. Studi literatur (literature review) pada 15 jurnal yang membahas tentang pemberitaan media massa terhadap kasus bunuh diri dengan menganalisis poin-poin penting yang terdapat dalam jurnal serta membandingkan dengan situasi dan kondisi yang ada saat ini. Poin yang dianalisis meliputi bahasa pemberitaan, fokus pemberitaan, serta dampak/ efek pemberitaan pada masyarakat. Kasus bunuh diri diliput sedemikian rupa dengan menampilkan detail-detail spesifik seperti kondisi pelaku bunuh diri dan bagaimana cara ia mengakhiri hidupnya. Hal ini dapat membentuk pola pikir seseorang untuk meniru apa yang mereka lihat jika berada dalam kondisi dan masalah yang serupa (efek copycat suicide). Kasus bunuh diri  yang disiarkan live di sosial media memiliki dampak buruk bagi kesehatan mental masyarakat. Hal tersebut menyalahi Undang Undang No 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik karena tidak berkesesuaian dengan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Indonesia telah memiliki Undang-Undang No 40 tahun 1999 Bab VII Pasal 17 yang memuat bahwa media massa/ pers diawasi oleh elemen masyarakat, namun belum ada undang-undang yang mengatur tentang pedoman pemberitaan bunuh diri secara spesifik.Peliputan dan pemberitaan bunuh diri di Indonesia memberikan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan mental masyarakat karena menampilkan detail-detail spesifik dari kejadian bunuh diri dan belum memiliki pedoman pemberitaan bunuh diri.
Monogamy of entanglement without inequalities
Authors: Gour Gilad , Guo Yu
Published: August 2018

We provide a fine-grained definition for monogamous measure of entanglement that does not invoke any particular monogamy relation. Our definition is given in terms an equality, as oppose to inequality, that we call the "disentangling condition". We relate our definition to the more traditional one, by showing that it generates standard monogamy relations. We then show that all quantum Markov states satisfy the disentangling condition for any entanglement monotone. In addition, we demonstrate that entanglement monotones that are given in terms of a convex roof extension are monogamous if they are monogamous on pure states, and show that for any quantum state that satisfies the disentangling condition, its entanglement of formation equals the entanglement of assistance. We characterize all bipartite mixed states with this property, and use it to show that the G-concurrence is monogamous. In the case of two qubits, we show that the equality between entanglement of formation and assistance holds if and only if the state is a rank 2 bipartite state that can be expressed as the marginal of a pure 3-qubit state in the W class.
Análisis de un modelo agroforestal cafetero en el municipio de Valparaíso, Caquetá, Colombia.
Authors: Dussan Huaca Ismael
Published: August 2018

La investigación se llevó a cabo en el municipio de Valparaíso, Caquetá, Colombia, donde se encuentra establecida la  plantación de café variedad Caturra, y  variedad Castillo con características tipo especial Amazónico por sus propiedades físicas y organolépticas. En el municipio de Valparaíso no existen registros sobre cultivos de café, ya que se encuentra en una zona marginal para el cultivo de café según Fedecafé. De acuerdo con los productores en épocas pasadas se establecieron pequeños cultivos de café para el autoconsumo, obteniendo del grano una bebida de sabor y aroma exquisito,  con las características físico-químicas y organolépticas de un café especial; pero a estas plantaciones no les han hecho ningún seguimiento para evaluar el crecimiento, desarrollo y ni evaluación de la calidad del producto. Por lo anterior, se analizaron características morfológicas de dos variedades de café y las propiedades organolépticas y físicas del café producido en la finca el Playón de la vereda San Pedro Bocana en el municipio de Valparaíso, encontrándose escasas diferencias morfológicas entre los individuos cultivados en el área de estudio y otras zonas cultivadoras del país; así mismo,  por las características de taza estudiadas se concluyó que en la zona se produce un café con calidad especial Amazónico de acuerdo con Fedecafé.
Comparación de la reglamentación para el manejo de lodos provenientes de agua residual en Argentina, Chile y Colombia
Authors: Ospina López Fabián Andrés , Rodríguez González Alejandra , González Guzmán Juan Manuel
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo presenta resultados de una revisión sobre el manejo y disposición final de lodos generados en las plantas de tratamiento de agua residual, los cuales deben ser sometidos a diferentes tratamientos para ser transformados en biosólidos y lograr determinar su uso sujeto a la clasificación que se presenta en Argentina, Chile y Colombia. Se realizó un análisis comparativo de los diferentes parámetros que se tienen en cuenta en los reglamentos de cada uno de estos países, evidenciando los cambios entre ellos. Fue posible identificar que Chile no presenta valores máximos de aplicación como los otros países, pero presenta un plan de aplicación. Respecto a Argentina y Colombia se percibe que varios de sus criterios presentan unos valores con una gran diferencia uno respecto al otro, además la normatividad argentina no tiene en cuenta los valores de Selenio en biosólidos, mientras que el reglamento colombiano maneja la normatividad US EPA.Producto Asociado al Proyecto de Investigación INV ING 2127 de la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones de la UMNG
Editorial
Authors: Giraldo Díaz Reinaldo , Nieto Gómez Libia Esperanza
Published: August 2018

Desde el primer número publicado en el año 2009, la Revista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental RIAA, ha ido posicionando su proyecto editorial. RIAA es una revista científica de circulación semestral, que recibe artículos bien sea en español, inglés o portugués; entodos los casos los resúmenes de los mismos aparecen en tres idiomas, a saber, español,inglés y portugués. Próximamente, todos los artículos publicados contarán con versióncompleta en inglés con miras a una pronta inclusión en la base de datos bibliográficaScopus y otros índices de citación.
Resistencia inducida a la enfermedad del añublo de la panícula del arroz inoculando bacterias endofíticas
Authors: Peláez Pelaez Manuel José , Vivas Londoño Sandra Ximena
Published: August 2018

Se evaluó el efecto antagónico de las bacterias endófitas aisladas de porciones de hojas, tallos y raíces de plantas de arroz completamente sanas, contra la bacteria patogénica Burkholderia glumae (Kurita & Tabei, 1967), agente causal   de la enfermedad del añublo bacterial de la panícula. Se obtuvieron 24 aislamientos en total de bacterias endófitas que fueron evaluadas mediante la técnica de enfrentamiento de cultivos duales, en condiciones de laboratorio, posteriormente se realizaron las inoculaciones de la solución bacteriana en condiciones de campo para evaluar el efecto antagónico. Los resultados obtenidos indican que sólo dos cepas bacterianas presentaron actividad antagónica contra B. glumae las cuales fueron identificadas mediante caracterización bioquímica, de los bioensayos realizados a nivel de laboratorio y en campo. Por tanto, hubo una mejor expresión de las bacterias antagónicas bajo condiciones controladas en el laboratorio comparado con los ensayos realizados en campo
Efecto del uso de quitosano en el mejoramiento del cultivo del arroz (Oryza sativa L. variedad sd20a)
Authors: Molina Zerpa José Alejandro , Colina Rincón Marinela , Rincón Dianela , Vargas Colina José Alejandro
Published: August 2018

En la actualidad existen alternativas tecnológicas para el aprovechamiento de los desechos de crustáceos y su conversión en productos de utilidad como lo son la quitina y su derivado el quitosano.  En esta investigación, se utilizó gel de quitosano para aplicarlo a la variedad de arroz SD20 para mejorar su cultivo. El análisis mediante IR del quitosano utilizado mostró similitud con los espectros para cada una de las muestras, confirmando con estos resultados que la utilización de diferentes quitinas obtenidas por la desmineralización con HCl y H3PO4 no afectó la identidad del producto, pues se mantienen las bandas de los grupos funcionales más importantes, demostrándose así que las quitinas se transformaron en una nueva materia prima como el quitosano. Las plantas tratadas con quitosano presentaron alturas mayores, con incrementos de altura hasta de 16,57% en comparación al testigo. Además, produjo un incremento de la raíz de 52% para los 12 días de siembra en comparación con el testigo. Se observó en las plantas de arroz un color verde más intenso que en lote testigo, estos resultados se deben a la capacidad estimulante del quitosano, ya que actúa mejorando el enraizamiento y la producción de área foliar de la planta. Se encontró una diferencia de 1025 kg/ha, y un incremento en la cosecha de 16,21% con respecto al tratamiento sin quitosano. Se concluye que el cultivo de arroz, variedad SD20A, tuvo un desarrollo vegetativo mejor con el tratamiento con quitosano.
Space conditions, palatal vault height, and tooth size in patients with and without palatally displaced canines: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Naoumova Julia , Alfaro Gabriel Edgardo , Peck Sheldon
Published: August 2018

Objectives:

To assess palatal vault height, tooth size, and dental arch dimensions in patients with unilateral and bilateral palatally displaced canines compared with a control group.

Materials and Methods:

A sample of 66 patients (mean age: 11.5 ± 1.0 years) with 22 unilateral palatally displaced canines (UPDCs), 22 bilateral palatally displaced canines (BPDCs), and 22 controls (C) were consecutively recruited. All three groups had dental casts that were scanned digitally using the OrthoX three-dimensional model scanner. Tooth size, palatal vault height, dental arch width, dental arch depth, dental arch length, and dental arch space were measured by the same examiner using the GOM software. Remeasurements were made in 10 randomly identified patients.

Results:

The palatal vault height was significantly lower in the BPDC group compared with controls. A significantly smaller mesial-distal crown width and, in general, more spacing in the maxilla were found in the UPDC and BPDC groups. No differences in arch length or arch width at the molar region were seen between the groups, while the arch length at the canine region was smaller in the UPDC and BPDC groups. However, this was observed in BPDC patients with both deciduous canines present and in most UPDC patients where the deciduous canine was present, compared with the control group, who had more permanent canines present.

Conclusions:

Patients with PDC had greater reduction in tooth size compared with the control group. The arch length and arch width were similar in patients with and without PDC.
Analisis Secara GC-MS Senyawa Aktif Antioksidan Fraksi N-Heksana Daun Libo (Ficus variegata Blume)
Authors: Maulidya Vina , Hardina Myra Puspha , Febrina Lizma , Rusli Rolan , Rahmadani Agung
Published: August 2018

Tanaman Libo (Ficus variegata Blume) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan liar khas Kalimantan Timur sebagai sumber bahan larvasida dan antioksidan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen senyawa aktif antioksidan dalam fraksi n-heksana daun Libo dengan metode GC-MS. Interpretasi spektrum GC-MS dilakukan menggunakan database standar National Institute Standard and Technology (NIST). Komponen mayor fraksi n-heksana yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan antara lain: cyclotetracosane; 1-heneicosanol; 1-docosene;  1,2-benzenedicarboxilic acid; 1-heptacosanol; octacosanol; dan cyclooctacosane.
Formulasi Infusan Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) sebagai Gel Antiseptik Tangan
Authors: Prabowo Wisnu Cahyo , Widayat Wahyu , Defriana Synthia
Published: August 2018

Melimpahnya sumberdaya alam Indonesia khususnya dalam pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan obat maupun kosmetik.  formulasi sediaan obat tidak hanya mengandalkan bentuk fisik sediaan yang baik tetapi juga efektivitas/khasiat yang baik. Sasaran penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh sediaan gel antiseptik dengan  bahan aktif daun sirih merah yang efektif membunuh mikroba ditangan serta daya hambat terhadap beberapa mikroba uji yang patogen. Bahan segar diekstraksi kemudian diformulasi dengan basis gel. Sediaan gel dengan berbagai konsentrasi diuji stabilitas berdasarkan penyimpanannya. Efektifitas sediaan tersebut di uji terhadap mikroba tangan dan beberapa mikroba patogen. Potensi efektifitas sediaan diperoleh dengan membandingkan dengan sediaan kontrol berbahan aktif etanol dan triklosan.  Sediaan gel antiseptik ekstrak daun sirih merah baik stabil pada penyimpanan suhu 18-27oC dengan pH 5,5 dan  memiliki warna  bening kekuningan. Konsentrasi  sediaan gel antiseptik efektif pada 25% terhadap mikroba tangan yang setara dengan handsanitizer alkohol, sedangkan pada  konsentrasi efektif 15% terhadap Candida albican; konsentrasi 20% terhadap Candida utilis; dan 25% terhadap Vibrio cholera, keseluruhannya setara dengan handsanitizer alkohol.
REFUSAL AND ACCEPTANCE STRATEGIES REALIZATION IN SUNDANESE CONTEXT
Authors: Miolo Sartin T. , Emzir Emzir , Supriadi Asep
Published: August 2018

This study investigates the refusal and acceptance strategies realization in sundanese context among students of a private university in Kuningan. The study is purposely designed to investigate the types of refusal and acceptance strategies used in Sundanese context. This study employed a qualitative method as a research design. A Discourse Completion Task (DCT) was used to collect the data which was spread into 30 respondents. The questionnaire was in Bahasa Sunda because the respondents were Sundanese people, so it can be easier to be analyzed. The findings showed that there were 240 utterances consisted of 150 utterances of refusal and 90 utterances of acceptance. The refusal strategies consisted of 12 strategies and the acceptance strategies consisted of 6 strategies. Most of the respondents which are Sundanese are polite as it can be seen from their responses when they were asked to accompany their lecturer or when they refused to the person with higher power. They always say punten, hapunten sateuacana or it can be called �sorry�. The term �sorry� showed that they try to be polite when talking with the higher power and distance. Yet, they use different talking when they talk to their friends who have the same power. So, they can place where they should be polite and to whom they talk. ���Keyword: acceptance strategy, refusal strategy, sundanese culture.
A Closed Loop Discovery Robot Driven by a Curiosity Algorithm Discovers Proto-Cells That Show Complex and Emergent Behaviours
Authors: Grizou Jonathan , Points Laurie J. , Sharma Abhishek , Cronin Leroy
Published: August 2018

We describe a chemical robotic discovery assistant equipped with a curiosity algorithm (CA) that can efficiently explore a complex chemical system in search of complex emergent phenomena exhibited by proto-cell droplets. The CA-robot is designed to explore proto-cell formulations in an open-ended way with no explicit discovery or optimization target. By applying the CA-robot to the study of multicomponent oil-in-water proto-cell droplets, we discovered an order of magnitude more instances of interesting behaviours than possible with a random parameter search. Among them, a formulation displaying a sudden and highly specific response to temperature was discovered. Six modes of proto-cell droplet motion were identified and classified using a time-temperature phase diagram and probed using a variety of techniques including NMR, which allowed the design of a payload release system triggered by temperature. This work shows how objective free search can lead to the discovery of useful and unexpected properties, with real-world applications in formulation chemistry.
Anti-Crisis Business Regulation in Russia: New Stage
Authors: Ryakhovskaya A.  N.
Published: August 2018

The article regards the effectiveness of state business regulation proving the falsity of liberal ideas of minimizing the state participation in economic processes; the role of extractive institutes in the differentiation of the Russian society. It also studies the practicability of the introduction of inclusive institutes into the Russian society and gives their main characteristics. The article regards the error actions of the state during the transition to the market economy including deindustrialization, privatization of the public property, etc., and their economic impact on the market economy agents and population. The research proves the necessity of revitalization of investment processes and their financial support from the Government and big business. The article also regards the practicability of using the ‘developing state’ model, combining market instruments with active State participation; revitalization of the innovative processes in high-tech industries, including machine building; and what is of the utmost importance in the “digital revolution” — the development of nanotechnologies, biologically engineered technologies, and information-communication technologies reinforced with added participation of the Russian big business.
The Effectiveness Of Anchovy Concentration (Stolephorus insularis) as Antimicrobial to Streptococcus mutans (In Vitro)
Authors: Fa’Izah Almira , Wardani Istien , Soesilo Diana
Published: August 2018

Background: Dental and oral diseases which are often found in children is dental caries. Streptococcus mutans is the main cause of caries. Caries can be prevented by using a topical application of fluoride. The Anchovy (Stolephorus insularis) contains protein, vitamins (A, B1, C), and minerals (Fe, Ca, K, F). Calcium fluoride (CaF2) within the anchovy can inhibit the occurrence of dental caries. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial  ability of anchovy extract (Stolephorus insularis) to Streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental research with  post test only control group design. Diffusion method were applied with 2 controls: negative control used DMSO 1%, positive control used NaF solution, and 3 concentrations of anchovy extract (Stolephorus insularis) 3%, 6%, and 12%, each group were composed of 6 samples. Antimicrobial was assessed by measuring the diameter of the clear zone around the discs contained the anchovy extract (Stolephorus insularis). Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test. Result: The results from this study showed clear zone around the discs of the anchovy extract (Stolephorus insularis). The more concentration of the extract showed the more antimirobial zone diameter. The average zone of antimicrobial at  the concentration of  3% were 7,11 mm, 6% 9,5 mm, 12% 10,78 mm, for the negative control DMSO 1% 6 mm and the positive control NaF solution 8,16 mm. The largest diameter of the clear zone was at concentration of 12% (P < 0,05). Conclusion: The anchovy extract (Stolephorus insularis) had an antimicrobial effect to the growth of Streptococcus mutans.
Daya Hambat Minyak Hati Ikan Hiu Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Agustina Felisitas Maria , Mulawarmanti Dian , Wedarti Yoifah Rizka
Published: August 2018

 

Latar belakang : Porphyromonas gingivalis adalah bakteri paling dominan yang ditemukan pada periodontitis kronis. Antibakteri konvensional(antibiotik), terutama tetrasiklin sering digunakan untuk menunjang terapi periodontal, akan tetapi penggunaan antibiotik sering menimbulkan resisten, alergi, dan toksik.  Minyak hati ikan hiu spesies Cenctrophorus sp memiliki sifat antibakteri melalui kandungannya yaitu squalene dan squalamine, sehingga memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai terapi ajuvan pada penyakit periodontal. Tujuan : Mengetahui daya hambat minyak hati ikan hiu terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian post test only control group design. Subjek penelitian adalah bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis strain ATCC 33277 sebanyak 30 sampel yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Tiga kelompok diberi minyak hati ikan hiu dengan konsentrasi 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Kontrol positif diberi tetrasiklin dan kontrol negatif diberi DMSO 1%. Daya hambat diperiksa dengan menggunakan metode difusi dan diinokulasikan pada media MH agar. Daya hambat dihitung dengan mengukur diameter zona jernih pada disk dengan menggunakan digital callipers dalam satuan milimeter. Hasil : Minyak hati ikan hiu dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis pada setiap konsentrasi. Konsentrasi 10% (9,06 mm), konsentrasi 15% (11,31 mm), konsentrasi 20% (13,2 mm), sedangkan kontrol negatif (6,01 mm), dan  kontrol positif (30,09 mm). Simpulan : Minyak hati ikan hiu dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis.

 
POSTTRAUMATIC CERVICAL CONDITIONS: PREVENTION OF THE COMPLICATIONS AFTER MICROIVASIVE INTERVENTIONS
Authors: Krutikova E. I. , Gromova A. M.
Published: August 2018

The paper is aimed at optimal treatment of posttraumatic cervical pathology. 192 patients with cervical erosive ectropion (67 patients with CIN I) have been observed. The results of the conventional treatment made according to the clinical protocols (control group; n = 64) have been compared with the results of the patient's management according to the proposed algorithm (main group; n = 128). The algorithm includes microsurgical intervention, prolonged use of combined oral contraceptives or dienogest during 6–12 weeks, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs immediately after excision, and regenerative agents not earlier than at the fourth week after the excision. The six months after the minor operation the positive therapeutic effect was 1,7 times higher in the main group. The frequency of complications was significantly lower: implant cervical endometriosis – 3,6 times, retention cysts – 4,2 times, abnormal scarring – 3,8 times, relapses of endocervical ectopia and CIN – 2,2 times, postcoagulation hemorrhage – 2,75 times, leukoplakia – 2,6 times. The use of integrated algorithm in the treatment of the cervical erosive ectropion is clinical reasonable.
DISTRIBUTION OF RECEPTORS TO LECTINS IN THE SCHNEIDER MEMBRANE UNDER VARIOUS ETIOPATHOGENETIC FORMS OF THE YATROGENIC MAXILLAR SINUSITE
Authors: Varzhapetyan S. D. , Gulyuk A. G. , Stroganova T. V.
Published: August 2018

The development of modern technologies contributes to the increase in the number of iatrogenic diseases. The article presents the distribution of glucoconjugates in the structures of the Schneider membrane under various etiopathogenetic forms of the iatrogenic maxillary sinusitis of dentition.
Evaluation of lifestyle and the prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among the military doctors of primary care
Authors: Tkachuk I. M. , Myкhailyk O. P.
Published: August 2018

Sociological questionnaire of primary care military doctors revealed a high prevalence of major risks of cardiovascular diseases and low implementation of the healthy lifestyle requirements, and that requires some training sessions to be done to improve the commitment towards implement of the basic healthy lifestyle principles.
The effects of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on attention and impulsivity in an animal model of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Makulska-Gertruda Ewelina , Hauser Joachim , Sontag Thomas A , Lange Klaus W
Published: August 2018

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the commonest psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. The main symptoms of ADHD are hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity. Both etiology and neurobiological basis of ADHD are unknown. In this context, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), especially omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs, have become a focus of interest. The symptoms of ADHD have been suggested to be associated with a deficiency of n-3 PUFAs. In addition, the impact of a supply of dietary n-3 PUFAs in the treatment of ADHD has frequently been discussed.Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of n-3 PUFA supplementation on attention and impulsivity in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) which has been proposed to be a valid genetic animal model of ADHD.Methods: Seven-week-old male SHRs were randomly divided into two groups of 15 rats and fed one of two experimental diets (n-3 PUFA-enriched or n-3 PUFA-deficient) prior to and during behavioral testing. Attention and impulsivity were assessed using a three-choice-serial-reaction-time-task (3CSRTT) which is based on the five-choice-serial-reaction-time-task. The experiment was performed with three-month-old rats.Results: Our findings demonstrate a marked difference between groups regarding impulsivity but not attention. The n-3 PUFA-enriched diet significantly reduced impulsivity in SHRs compared with rats fed with the n-3 PUFA-deficient diet.Conclusion: The present data show a decrease in impulsivity following a dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation, but no changes in attention. A possible explanation for these results is that the attention displayed by SHR may not be linked to n-3 PUFA supply. It is important to note that inattention and impulsiveness are two of the main symptoms of ADHD. Our results regarding dietary n-3 PUFA supply may support the positive findings in human studies demonstrating that n-3 PUFA administration can improve the cognitive or behavioral symptoms in children with ADHD.Key words: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, animal model, spontaneously hypertensive rat, attention, impulsivity, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder