bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agro-morphological and biochemical characterization and principal component analysis for yield and quality characters in fine-scented rice genotypes
Authors: Kondi Ravi , Kar Sonali , Surakanti Soumya
Published: February 2023

Forty-one fine-scented rice genotypes were evaluated for 18
agro-morphological and quality characters for characterization, and 21
quantitative characters were evaluated for principal component analysis in
R-studio software. Characterization of agro-morphological traits viz., plant
height, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, number of effective tillers
per plant, test weight, grain length, grain breadth, grain L: B ratio,
kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel dimensions, awns, colour of awns,
distribution of awns, and quality traits viz., alkali spreading value, gel
consistency, grain aroma, and amylose content showed huge diversity among
the genotypes. PCA revealed that PC1 showed the highest amount of variance
(32.0%) followed by PC2 (15.7%), PC3 (9.0%), PC4 (8.1%), PC5 (7.8%), PC6
(5.4%) for quantitative characters. Out of 21 principal components, only 6
showed an eigenvalue greater than 1 and contributes about 78.1% total
variance Genotypes in PC1 showed higher values for grain L: B ratio and
kernel L: B ratio. Similarly, PC2 showed higher variable values for
characters like test weight, kernel length, grain length, grain breadth,
alkali spreading value, grain yield per plot and amylose content. PC3 for
harvest index, panicle length, gel consistency, no. of effective tillers per
plant and head rice recovery. PC4 for characters like plant height, kernel
breadth and days to 50% flowering. PC5 for characters like kernel elongation
ratio, and filled grains per panicle. PC6 for characters like no. of tillers
in a square meter and no. of panicles in a square meter. This pre-breeding
characterization study may be useful in finding potential genotypes which
are having both yield and quality characters which may be useful in breeding
for high-yielding varieties with good-quality characters.
Influence of ACE and ACTN3 genes polymorphisms on cardiovascular adaptation in female football players
Authors: Petrovic Tijana , Zdravkovic Marija , Djelic Marina , Gavrilovic Tamara , Mihailovic Zoran , Atanasijevic Nikola , Stojkovic Oliver
Published: February 2023

The aim of study was to investigate distribution of ACE and ACTN3 gene
polymorphisms in young female footballers and to test association of common
gene polymorphisms with body composition, arterial blood pressure and ECG
screening variables. A group of 45 white, healthy, adolescent female elite
footballers (FG) and 60 sedentary female controls (CG) enrolled in this
study. HRM method has been developed to differentiate between variant
alleles of ACE and ACTN3 genes. No significant difference was found in the
ACE and ACTN3 genotypes or allele frequencies distribution between FG and CG
(p>0.05). Also, neither insertion in the ACE gene, nor nonsense mutation in
the ACTN3 gene had a significant effect on resting BP and ECG parameters.
Cardiovascular adaptation to intensive physical activity in FG is manifested
as lowered resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (lower 18 and 11
percentiles, respectively). Footballers with ACE DD and ACTN3 XX
polymorphisms had higher values of Sokolow-Lyon voltage for LV hypertrophy,
but without statistically significance (p=0.61 and 0.2, respectively).
Interpretation of the effect of specific genes with presumed large effect on
sport performance, should be cautious, especially in team sports with a
mixed type of physical activity, such as football.
Temporal diversification in the genus Onosma (Boraginaceae) based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequences
Authors: Nasrollahi Fatemeh , Kazempour-Osaloo Shahrokh , Mozaffarian Valyollah , Zare-Maivan Hassan
Published: February 2023

The genus Onosma is a homogeneous taxon with high morphological variation and
due to the similarities among the Onosma taxa, there are many problems in
their identification. Hence, systematically and taxonomically, it is
considered a difficult genus. In the present study, we included a large
number of Onosma species throughout their distribution range. Using nuclear
(ITS) and two plastids (rpl32-trnL(UAG) and trnH-psbA) markers, we analyzed
the evolutionary history, divergence time and diversification patterns of
Onosma across the tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. Divergence
time estimates suggest the early radiation of Onosma s.l. happened at the
Oligocene-Miocene boundary. BAMM analyses indicate that the best
configuration included one significant shift in diversification rates within
Onosma: on the branch leading to the clade comprised of species of confined
to Iran.
The impact of GAS5 rs145204276 on development and prognosis of prostate cancer
Authors: Misovic Miroslav , Aleksic Predrag , Vukovic Miodrag , Kostic Dejan , Rancic Nemanja , Aleksic-Cikota Bojana
Published: February 2023

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 can be a marker for early diagnosis and
postoperative follow-up in the patients with prostate cancer, whereby lower
levels of GAS5 correlate with tumorigenesis and unfavourable clinical
course. Expression of the GAS5 can be affected by rs145204276 polymorphism,
a 5 base pairs insertion-deletion polymorphism shown as ?AGGCA/-?. The aim
of this study was to analyse the association between rs145204276 and
prostate cancer susceptibility and prognosis. This study was included 121
healthy subjects and 70 patients with prostate cancer. Diagnosis of prostate
cancer was established by histopathology after the surgery. Genotyping was
performed by allelic discrimination method using the TaqMan? assay. In the
healthy subjects, the obtained frequencies of GAS5 rs145204276 genotypes
were 80.2% of ins/ins, 16.5% of ins/del and 3.3% of del/del. The allele
frequencies were 88.5% of ins and 11.5% of del, respectively. In the patient
group, the frequencies of ins/ins, ins/del and del/del genotypes were 70%,
20% and 10%, respectively; the frequency of ins allele was 80% and the
frequency of del allele was 20%. Observed frequencies of GAS5 rs145204276
genotypes were not significantly different between healthy subjects and
patients with prostate cancer, and also between prognostic groups of
prostate cancer. This study demonstrate no significant association between
GAS5 rs145204276 and sussceptibility/prognosis of prostate cancer.
Exploring the tempo of species diversification in Astragalus section Incani DC. based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequences
Authors: Amini Elham , Kazempour-Osaloo Shahrokh , Maassoumi Ali , Zare-Maivan Hassan
Published: February 2023

This study uses phylogenetic relationships of the species-rich section
Astragalus (Incani), to follow up on recent evidence pointing to rapid and
recent plant diversification patterns in the west of Iran. Section Incani is
introduced for its taxonomic complication resulting from overlapping
morphological characters, but few studies have been done on this section;
hence, we also lack a robust time-calibrated chronogram to address
hypotheses (e.g., biogeography and diversification rates) that have implicit
time assumptions. Two loci (rpl32-trnL(UAG) and nrDNA ITS) were amplified
and sequenced for 87 taxa across Incani for phylogenetic reconstruction and
a chronogram in BEAST. Incani is identified as the sister clade to all
remaining sections with high support, and within the clade Incani, two
strongly supported groups are seen: (1) Clade I includes nine species
restricted to eastern Iran and Central Asia, and (2) clade II includes a
bulk of the species from west and northwestern Iran, Turkey and southern
Europe. Divergence time estimates suggest Incani diverged from remaining
sections 3 Mya during the late Pliocene. The crown date for Incani is
estimated at 1.5 Mya (Pleistocene). Biogeography showed significant
improvement in the likelihood score when the ??jump dispersal? parameter was
added. An eastern origin (Central Asia) is implicated as important ancestral
area in all deeper nodes. BAMM analyses indicate that the best configuration
included one significant shift in diversification rates within Incani: near
the crown of Incani (1.5-2 Mya) including clade II. Issues with conducting
diversification analyses more generally are examined in the context of
scale, taxon sampling, and larger sets of phylogenetic trees.
C9ORF72 repeat expansion is not associated with atypical parkinsonism in the Serbian population
Authors: Marjanovic Ana , Dobricic Valerija , Jecmenica-Lukic Milica , Stankovic Iva , Milicevic Ognjen , Dragasevic-Miskovic Natasa , Brankovic Marija , Jankovic Milena , Novakovic Ivana , Svetel Marina , Stefanova Elka , Kostic Vladimir
Published: February 2023

These include, among others, two forms of atypical Parkinsonism, multiple
system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). This study
aimed to assess the potential role of C9orf72 repeat expansions among
Serbian patients diagnosed with MSA and PSP. Genomic DNA of 44 MSA patients,
73 PSP patients, and 96 controls was extracted from peripheral blood, and
normal C9orf72 alleles were analyzed by standard quantitative fluorescence
polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) and fragment analysis. Subsequently, for
all samples presenting a single allele, repeat-primed PCR was performed with
two different sets of primers to avoid a false-negative result. Thirty
repeats were used as a pathogenic cut-off and 20-29 repeats for the
intermediate alleles. No pathological C9orf72 expansions were detected in
the MSA and PSP patients nor the control subjects. In the MSA group, the
most common was the allele with 2 repeats, and the largest repeat number was
14. Among PSP patients, the most common allele also had 2 repeats, while the
largest detected repeat size within the normal range was 17. Also, we
identified one PSP patient that had an intermediate size allele (25
repeats). We did not find correlation between the number of repeats and
disease onset, age at the time of examination, or disease duration in MSA or
PSP patients. Regarding family history, in PSP the sum of both allele
repeats numbers was higher in patients with positive family history than in
sporadic cases. The results presented in this study are the first systematic
assessment of C9orf72 allele sizes among patients diagnosed with MSA and PSP
in the Serbian population. Although the potential role of intermediate
C9orf72 repeats in neurodegenerative disorders is still to be elucidated,
our results support the current knowledge that C9orf72 repeat expansions are
not associated with MSA and PSP.
Analisis Semantik Idiom dalam Bahasa Bugis
Authors:   Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia, Sul Sulfikar , Al-Anshory Abdul Muntaqim ,   Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia, Fawzani Nurul ,   Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami jenis, makna dan fungsi idiom dalam bahasa Bugis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Sumber data diperoleh dari percakapan sehari-hari, teks lagu dan video berbahasa Bugis. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa idiom bahasa Bugis. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu Teknik simak libat cakap, kemudian mencatat hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan idiom. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ditemukan terdapat 38 idiom yang diklasifikasikan dalam dua jenis yaitu idiom penuh dan idiom sebagian. Makna idiom penuh sulit untuk diidentifikasi sedangkan makna idiom sebagian masih dapat telusuri dari makna leksikalnya dan unsur kata yang membentuknya. Idiom bahasa Bugis berfungsi untuk untuk memperhalus ucapan, mengekspresikan perasaan, sebagai sindiran, pujian, julukan, nasihat, dan penegasan dalam suatu pernyataan. Dalam penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan agar menemukan lebih banyak data dalam upaya penyusunan kamus idiom bahasa Bugis sebagai bentuk pelestarian bahasa daerah dan menjaga eksistensi bahasa Bugis di kalangan generasi muda.
Biomass Productivity of Invasive Mantangan (Merremia peltata) under Various Canopy Covers
Authors: Duryat  , Santori  , Santoso Trio , Riniarti Melya , Surya Rikha Aryanie
Published: February 2023

Mantangan (Merremia peltata) is the most important invasive species in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) due to its fast-growing and spreading that potentially damage and threat biodiversity conservation. The objectives of this study were to determine the biomass stock and productivity of mantangan and the nutrient content of mantangan biomass grown in various classes of canopy cover. Stratified sampling was employed as a sampling method on three classes of canopy cover, i.e., sparse (light intensity > 70%), medium (light intensity 40 -70%), and dense (light intensity < 40%). A destructive method was used to collect biomass samples. The biomass harvesting was conducted twice. The first was conducted to determine biomass storage and nutrient content, and the second was conducted a month later to measure biomass productivity. The macronutrient content (N, P, K, and C-Organic) of mantangan was analyzed at the Soil Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The results showed that the biomass stock and productivity differed in each canopy cover class. The highest biomass stock was found in sparse canopy cover (192 kg/ha), followed by medium (188 kg/ha) and dense (179 kg/ha). Biomass productivity was highest in sparse canopy cover (93 kg/ha/month), followed by medium (79 kg/ha/month) and dense (83 kg/ha/month), respectively. Surprisingly, the nutrient content and nutrient productivity of mantangan grown on medium canopy cover were higher than that of dense and sparse.
Keywords: Biomass, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, invasive alien species, mantangan
Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model in Chemistry Learning: Students’ Perceptions
Authors: Masbukhin Faizal Akhmad Adi Masbukhin , Sandra Sukmaning Adji  , Ayu Fahimah Diniyah Wathi
Published: February 2023

Project Based Learning is one of the learning models that can be chosen by teachers in learning activities. This study aims to determine student perceptions as well as chemistry teachers on the Project Based Learning model in chemistry subjects. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The research population is the chemistry education students of Universitas Terbuka. The results of the questionnaire dimension of teachers showed a score of 67.28, meaning that they agreed about teachers’ creativity. On the dimensions of infrastructure, the score shows 72.26, which means that respondents agree about the need for learning resources. The curriculum dimension shows a score of 82.91, which means that they strongly agree with problem-solving in daily life. The dimensions of the students showed a score of 72.97, meaning that the respondents agreed with the support for 21st-century skills. Overall, this study illustrates the positive perception of chemistry education students at the Universitas Terbuka about the Project Based Learning model, thus providing an overview for educational institutions to equip prospective teachers with the learning models. The results of the study also provide knowledge to chemistry teachers about the Project Based Learning model.
Trajetórias e destinos profissionais de sociólogos(as) no Brasil
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Camila , de Macedo Lopes Rodrigo
Published: February 2023

Resenha do livro de MIGLIEVICH-RIBEIRO, Adelia; MATIAS FILHO, Manoel (Org.). O espaço do sociólogo: um balanço de trinta anos. Vitória, ES: Editora da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019. 316 p.
Fatores socioeconômicos associados ao desempenho no Enem
Authors: Jaloto Alexandre , Primi Ricardo
Published: February 2023

Diferenças sociais têm sido associadas a diferenças de desempenho em testes educacionais de larga escala. Estudos com os dados do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem) sobre a temática são raros e, por vezes, não incluem algumas variáveis (como o atraso escolar) e não abordam os testes das quatro áreas do conhecimento. Com o objetivo de examinar as variáveis sociais que explicam o desempenho nos quatro testes da edição de 2018, analisamos atraso escolar, sexo, cor/raça, nível socioeconômico (NSE) e a dependência administrativa da escola do aluno. Além de avaliar a associação entre as variáveis e o desempenho, verificamos se o efeito do NSE variava entre escolas. Realizamos uma modelagem por meio de regressão linear multinível. Todas as variáveis se mostraram estatisticamente significativas, porém sua relevância variou. O desempenho dos alunos brancos superou o dos demais em menos de 10,0 pontos; ser de escola privada esteve associado a um aumento de até 83,9 em relação a ser de escola estadual. O efeito do NSE sobre o desempenho variou entre escolas. Há uma persistente desigualdade educacional no Enem.
Universidade e educação superior em retrospectiva
Authors: Wagner Flávia , Da Cunha Maria Isabel
Published: February 2023

De 1981 a 2021, o cenário da educação superior está presente em 13 edições da revista Em Aberto. Na análise dos textos, percebem-se diferentes temas inseridos em contextos históricos e políticos que se conectam com o campo educacional, os quais foram dispostos nas seguintes categorias: 1) políticas públicas e educação superior; 2) currículo e ensino superior; 3) educação a distância nas universidades; 4) docência universitária; e 5) inovação e educação superior. Os resultados mostram que, em seus 40 anos, a revista é um importante espaço de confronto de ideias, tornando-se uma referência fundamental para o estudo dos dilemas e desafios educacionais da realidade da educação superior. Identificados temporalmente, consideramos importante prospectar o futuro com os temas que podem ser ampliados, como: avaliação, ensino híbrido, educação a distância, currículo por competências, educação inclusiva, creditação do notório saber, curricularização da extensão, e inovação no ensino superior.
Formação docente na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro: experiências com o estágio supervisionado de prática de ensino
Authors: Pereira de Lima Gomes Maria Margarida , Ferreira da Costa Monteiro Ana Maria , Da Costa Warley
Published: February 2023

Com base em estudos sobre a formação docente, analisa-se o estágio supervisionado de prática de ensino das licenciaturas em Ciências Biológicas e em História, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Na roda de conversa, as narrativas dos ex-licenciandos expressam, de variadas formas, o lugar estratégico do estágio em sua formação inicial, evidenciando três aspectos: a) o convívio com professoras/es propicia a inserção na profissão; b) atividades e materiais de ensino são produtores de processos formativos; c) a experiência de imersão na cultura escolar possibilita compreender a docência em perspectiva inclusiva e democrática. Conclui-se que o estágio, ao valorizar o “saber docente”, possibilita aos futuros professores assumirem com criatividade, criticidade e autonomia as decisões curriculares do cotidiano profissional.
Crianças na Universidade Federal da Bahia: a extensão universitária como um lugar para as infâncias
Authors: Prates Santana Juliana , Freire Pereira Ferriz Adriana
Published: February 2023

O projeto de extensão “Crianças na UFBA” tem como objetivo a utilização do espaço universitário, especificamente a Praça das Artes, no campus de Ondina, na Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), pelas crianças e suas famílias. A proposta tem como princípios: a criança como um sujeito de direitos e em desenvolvimento; a desinstitucionalização dos tempos livres; a brincadeira como uma expressão cultural e como o fazer prioritário da criança; o direito à cidade, a partir da ocupação do espaço público; o incentivo ao não consumismo na infância; a equidade e solidariedade das relações; e a sustentabilidade na relação com a natureza. O projeto foi criado em 2015, tendo recebido 3 mil crianças nas 49 edições realizadas. Nos espaços diversos de interação, estão presentes monitores que acolhem as crianças e suas famílias e mediam as atividades, sem que haja uma condução. Este artigo reflete a efetivação da tríade pesquisa, ensino e extensão, no fortalecimento de uma universidade pública, gratuita, inclusiva, socialmente referenciada e de qualidade.
從艾儒略到馬禮遜——晚明入清基督文明在華策略檢討
Authors: 張 錯
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

艾儒略（Julio Aleni, 1582—1649）於1610年抵澳門，剛好利瑪竇逝世於北京。從輩份看來，他已屬耶穌會來華的第二代，但就歷史背景而言，艾氏橫跨晚明與清初兩朝交替，其傳教策略的傳承、改進、轉移與過渡，有ー定的歷史特性與位置。(撮要取自內文首段)
唐代的白話詩派
Authors: 項 楚
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

唐代詩歌的百花園中，存在着一個游離於主流詩歌之外的白話詩派。它有着自己的形成和發展歷程，有着共同的藝術和思想傳統，擁有以王梵志和寒山爲代表的衆多的詩人。它基本上是一個佛教詩派，它的淵源、成立、發展、興盛和衰落，與中國禪學和禪宗保持着某種同步關係。由南北朝時期的禪學而產生了早期的白話詩，到初唐時期“王梵志詩”匯合了許多無名作者的白話詩，“白話詩派”便正式確立了。從慧能的禪宗興起之後，許多襌師創作了大量標示着個性宗風的偈頌，“白話詩派”不但完成了向南宗禪的轉型，而且進入了全盛時期。這種繁榮ー直延續到晚唐五代。北宋中葉“文字禪”興起，禪師們向文字中討生活，作爲一種思想運動的禪宗走向了衰落，禪宗詩偈也不再是真正意義上的白話詩了。There was a vernacular school, which drifted away from the main poem groups, in T’ang Dynasty. It had its own formation and development history, common art and thoughts tradition, and a number of poets, whose representative are Brahmacārin Wang （王梵志）and Cold Mountain（寒山）. In a word, it is a Buddhism poetic school. Its origin, shaping, expansion, prosperity and decline kept some synchronized relations with Chinese Dhyāna and Chinese Chan sects. The early vernacular poems came into being from the Dhyāna of Southern and Northern Dynasties. And the “vernacular school” formally established when the “Brahmacārin Wang’s poems” converged many unknown authors’ works in early T’ang Dynasty. A great deal of Chan masters created a large number of gāthā or Buddhist songs which expressed their individualities and religious styles after Huineng（惠能）’s Chan sect’s rising. Since then, the “vernacular school” not only had finished its transformation to South Sect Chan, but also gone into its period of full bloom. This flourishing lasted to Late T’ang and Five Dynasties on end. In middle period of North Song Dynasty, “Chinese Character Chan” appeared, and the Chan masters began to indulge in Chan recordation. Chinese Chan, as an thoughts movement, began to be on the decline. As a result, the gāthā or songs of Chan sects were not truly vernacular poems anymore.
魏慶之及《詩人玉屑》考
Authors: 張 健
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本文包括以下三個部分内容：
一、關於《詩人玉屑》編者魏慶之相關問題的考證。本文推測魏慶之的卒年可能在宋度宗咸淳八年（1272）左右；對魏慶之的交遊作了考察；考出魏慶之有二子魏草窗、魏天應，並對魏天應與謝枋得、蔡正孫的關係作了介绍；補輯魏慶之詩作一首。
二、版本問題的考證。本文對《詩人玉屑》的版本源流作了考察，指出現在流傳的《詩人玉屑》源自於魏慶之卒後刊行的魏天應案語本。二十卷宋本對原編有所增補；各書目所志宋本與臺灣所藏元刊本實爲同一刊本系統。《詩人玉屑》在元及明前期流傳中散失後十卷，刻於湖南者僅前十卷，臺灣所藏的十卷本當是這個刻本，而非宋代刻本。天順年間宋宗魯在十卷本基礎上補入了後十卷，刻成二十卷本，“瑞昌府章涯右山龍沙識”的本子應即是宋宗魯刻本，嘉靖六年刊本乃是天順本的重新校刊本，《四庫全書》本及道光古松堂本都源自這個刻本，古松堂本並非翻宋本。日本及朝鮮刊二十一卷本乃是在宋元本基礎上的增補本。二十二卷本乃胡文焕重新編刻本。
三、引書出處的考證。本文考證“風騷句法”一門出自北宋政和年間閻苑的《風騷格》一書。
This essay is consisted of the following three parts:
The first part is concerned with Wei Qingzhi（魏慶之）, the compiler of Shirenyuxie（詩人玉屑）. This part states that the death year of Wei Qingzhi was likely to be the eighth year of Xian Chun Period（A.D. 1272）or so, the Southern Song Dynasty; and that Wei Qingzhi had two sons: one was Wei Caocuang （魏草窗）, the other Wei Tianying（魏天應）. What’s more, this part also introduces the relationship between Wei Qingzhi and his friends.
In the second part, the author examines the different editions of Shirenyuxie, and argues that the current editions of Shirenyuxie come from the edition with Wei Tianying’s notes. The twenty-volume edition, published between the end of the Southern Song and the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, has done some aditions to the original edition. This edition and the edition of Yuan Dynasty collected by Taiwan belong to the same edition. The edition with former ten volumes only collected by Taiwan was published in the early years of the Ming, not in the Southern Song Dynasty as recorded in some catalogues. During the years of Tianshun Period, the Ming Dynasty, Song Zonglu （宋宗鲁）compensated the latter ten voluems and published them into the 20-volume edition. The edition with a note by Longsha（瑞昌府章涯右山龍沙識）is supposed to be the edition published by Song Zonglu, not an edition of Yuan Dynasty. The edition of the sixth year of Jia Jing Period of the Ming Dynasty is the newly corrected edition based on the Song Zonglu’s edition. The editions of Sikuquanshu （四庫全書）and Gusongtong （古松堂）were from the Song Zonglu’s edition. The 21-volume edition reprinted in Japan and Korea was the additional edition of the 20 volumes. The 22-volume edition is the new edition re - edited by Hu Wenhuan （胡文換）of the Ming Dynasty.
The third part makes a research about the sources of the cited books in Shirenyuxie. The author discovers that the part of Fengsaojufa（風騷句法）of Shirenyuxie was from the book of Fengsaoge （風騒格）by YanYuan（閻苑）in the Zheng He（政和）Period, the Northern Song Dynasty.
關於曹丕《典論•論文》的重新解讀
Authors: 汪 春泓
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
曹丕《典論•論文》在中國文學批評史上佔有重要的地位，本文從分析曹丕經營篡奪漢劉政權的心理入手，結合曹魏政治的特點，認爲曹丕抬高文章的地位，誇大文章的功用，其實質並非是論文，而是要在“立德、立功、立言”三者之間，引導士人不以“立功”爲人生目的，轉移士人高昂的建功立業的抱負。令士人從關注實際政治，一變而爲追求以文章垂名不巧，士人以超然的態度對待現實社會中的一切，然則自己篡奪的勾當就會減少反對者的壓力，這樣的理解與以往關於《典論•論文》的闡發存在着很大的歧義，但是卻符合“知人論世”的原則。在當時複雜的政治之中，曹丕的如意算盤遭到了士人的抵制，其中曹植就曾經表達了針鋒相對的觀點，因此弟兄不和亦是難免之事。
Cao Pi’s Dian Lun, Lun Wen play an important role in Chinese literary criticism history. Beginning with the analysis of the psychology of Cao Pi’s purposing to usurp the kaiserdom of the Han Dynasty, and following with the analysis of the characteristic of Wei Dynasty, this article draw a conclusion that Cao Pi’s judgment which improved the degree of literature and aggrandized the function of it, not purposing to discuss literature, is to advise intellectuals not to choose “Achievement Establishing” as their human ideality, between “Virtue Establishin“ ,“Achievement Establishing” and “Opinion Establishing”, and to change intellectuals’ mind on to be somebody or to do something. Cao Pi tried to transfer intellectuals’ attention from taking part in politics to writing for renown and eternity. If intellectuals could face the politics with a kind of detached attitude, his usurpation would decrease lots of pressure from discommenders. This conclusion is very different from the established illumination on Dian Lun, Lun Wen, but accords with the principle “Know the man, understand the time”. In the intricate politics of that time, Cao Pi’s intention met with the rejection of intellectuals, for example, Zao Zhi deliverede oneself of the contrary standpoint, followed by the avoidless discordance between brothers.
戰場與戰略——余光中六十年代散文革新主張的一種詮釋
Authors: 樊 善標
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
在今天的讀者看來，余光中是一位詩人兼散文家，他在六十年代初期提出的散文革新主張，直到現在仍受重視。然而在一九六三年之前，余光中主要是以詩人的面貌在文壇出現，他的散文絶大部份是詩論和藝評，符合他後來標舉的現代散文條件的，嚴格説來一篇也没有。余氏飲譽文壇的《鬼雨》、《逍遥遊》等散文，都在一九六三年中他的散文革新宣言發表後，才陸續登場。本文試圖把余氏的散文主張放在歷史脈络中觀察，探究余氏由詩人而向散文領域拓展的原委，並考察這一轉變怎樣塑造了余氏的散文主張，並奠定了他後來在文學界的地位。
In the eyes of today’s readers, YU Kuang-chung is a poet and a prose writer. His novel ideas on prose writing, first raised in the early 1960s, still attract attention. Yet, prior to 1963, Yu was mainly regarded as a poet. Most of his prose written in this period were critiques on poetry and fine arts. Strictly speaking, not a single piece of these works fulfils the criteria of Yu’s later definition of modem prose. Yu’s most celebrated prose such as Guiyu (鬼雨), Xiaoyaoyou (逍遙遊) were written only after he had published his revolutionary proposition in 1963. This paper launches a historical investigation into the reasons why Yu tried his hand at a genre new to him and how this change of literary identity shaped his proposition.
梅曾亮的京師交遊與桐城古文的流衍全國
Authors: 魏 泉
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

桐城派是中國文學史上的重要流派，“有清一代的古文，前前後後殆無不與桐城生關係”（郭紹虞語）。桐城古文的流傳，前後有三個重要時期：一是姚鼐晚年在江南的書院講學；二是道光年間梅曾亮在京師傳桐城古文義法；三是咸同間曾國藩登高一呼，奠定了桐城古文的中興局面。這三個時期中，桐城古文義法經由梅曾亮，如何在京師以及全國範圍内流傳，在以往的“桐城派”研究中，是一個非常薄弱的環節。梅曾亮傳播桐城古文，是通過師友交游的方式，不同於姚鼐的書院講學和曾國藩的幕府納士。這種交往難以從文論的角度來討論，但在衆多的清人文集中，又留有清晰的印跡。本文從京師士大夫的交往方式和特定的文人圈子入手，以具體史料來還原梅曾亮在京師的師友交游，和他周圍古文圈子的形成。同時，本文也兼顧這一古文圈予與京師其他士大夫圈子間離合交錯的關係，從而鈎沉出道光年間桐城古文經由梅曾亮的京師交游傳播到全國的具體過程。The T’ung-ch’eng school is a very important literary genre in Chinese literary history, “All prose of Qing dynasty have relationship with T’ung-ch’eng prose”. There are three important periods of time in the diffustion of T’ung-ch’eng prose writing law. In the first period Yao Nai teached in colleges of south city in his senectitude. In the second period Mei Tseng-liang associated with his “mentors and friends” in Hsuan-an of capital during Tao kuang period. In the third period Tseng Kuo-fan advocated T’ung-ch’eng Prose utmostly during Xian Feng and Tong Zhi period, causing the resurgence of the T’ung-ch’eng school. Among these periods, the study about the second is the most feeble tache. The method of Mei Tseng-liang transmited T’ung-ch’eng prose writing law in capital, is different from Yao Nai’s giving lectures and Tseng Kuo-fan’s setting up his private bureaucracy. It’s hard to discuss this association from the point of literary theory, but there have left a lot of testimony in poetry and prose anthology of Qing literati. My thesis starts with the association of capital literati, through citing detailed historial materials, to revivify the history of Mei Tseng-liang and the acient prose group around him. At the same time, I also pay attention to the other literati circles in capital, analyzing their anfractuous relationship, accordingly attest to the particular process of T’ung-ch’eng ancient prose spreading to all of the country through Mei Tseng-liang.
論梁啓超的《王荊公》
Authors: 蔡 崇禧
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
梁啓超與王安石一直是當代歷史研究的熱門範疇，然而梁氏於1908年爲王安石所寫的傳記——《王荆公》卻鮮有學者作深入研究。雖然研究王安石的專家鄧廣銘認爲此書不足置論，但基於梁氏撰寫是書的動機與其政治活動息息相關，而他在書中亦對當時政治、經濟、教育等方面發表了很多意見，因此深入探研此書實有助加深我們了解梁氏的思想。本文會從寫作動機、取材方法、内容思想入手，以發掘出是書所蘊含的豐富研究資源。由於梁氏的思想“流質多變”，此書正好成爲他在1908年的一道思想碑記。
Liang Qichao and Wang Anshi have long been a hot modem history research topic. However Liang’s study on Wang, called Wang Jinggong (a Biography on Wang Anshi) written in 1908 has seldom been mentioned or discussed. Deng Guangming, an outstanding historian in studying Wang’s life and writings, even said there is not enough reason to put an eye on this book. In fact, Liang wrote it to express his political point of view. In the book, he also touched on politics, economics, and education topics. Thus to have a study on the book will help us to know more about Liang. This article will be an in-depth study in Liang’s writing purposes of Wang Jinggong, methodology used by the author, as well as content of the book, in order to explore those valuable historical resources which have seldom been used before. Liang’s ideas changed from time to time, and this book can serve to highlight his thought in 1908.
創造社的文化行爲與上海出版市場——從另一個角度看創造社的文學主張
Authors: 曹 清華
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
以往研究者往往側重創造社精神活動的一面，局限於尋找創造社的文化行爲和文學主張在歷史文化方面的制約因素以及所受國外文學思潮的影響，從而對創造社的解釋多少流於偏頗。
事實上，作爲上海出版市場的一分子，創造社不可避免地受到所處商業環境的影響；反過來他們又以商業的手段和行爲加入到這個出版市場的運作當中。本文一方面致力於疏理創造社的種種文化活動——從崛起於泰東圖書局，到籌辦出版部自主經營；從最初標新立異的文學主張，到引發革命文學論争——與上海出版市場這一商業環境之間的種種關聯；另一方面又以此爲基礎，從一個新的角度對創造社在不同時期提出的文學口號和主張重新加以討論，以補充過往研究在這方面的不足。
Chuangzaoshe was a pro-revolution literary society based in Shanghai from 1921 to 1929. During its ten-year history this literary society changed its. literary propositions several times. Its variable characteristics not only brought itself fame in 1920s but also attracted a great deal attention from the scholars over the past twenty years.
Unfortunately, the studies on Chuangzaoshe have always focused on its spiritual aspects, and the analyses on its literary propositions have long been based on two things: one is the rapidly developing political and cultural circumstances of 1920s, the other is the influence from the foreign literary thoughts.
As a matter of fact, the development of Chuangzaoshe had a lot to do with the Shanghai publishing industry: the business environment of Shanghai exerted a strong influence on the cultural activities of Chuangzaoshe, and Chuangzaoshe in turn resorted to business strategies and methods in order to survive in the business competitions.
The primary purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relations between the cultural activities of Chuangzaoshe and the publishing industry of Shanghai. From this perspective, I seek to further explore the hidden background of Chuangzaoshe’s literary propositions. It is hoped that this research will help fully understand Chuangzaoshe and the Chinese literature in the May-Fourth Era.
《詩辨新探》
Authors: 趙 逵夫
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

《詩辨新探》是先師郭晉稀先生於20世紀八十年代中期精心撰寫的一部專著。郭先生在《紅旗手》（《甘肅文藝》）1961年第1期開始發表他的《文心雕龍選譯》，是國内最早進行《文心雕龍》今譯工作的學者。1963年，他的《文心雕龍譯注十八篇》出版，次年香港建文書局加以翻印，後香港中流出版社有限公司等又加翻印，流佈港、臺及國外。1982年郭先生出版了《文心雕龍注譯》，九十年代中期又應岳麓書社之約撰《白話文心雕龍》。所以，他以研究《文心雕龍》而知名於海内外。意大利漢學家珊德拉教授對郭先生説，她研究《文心雕龍》就是從《文心雕龍譯注十八篇》入門的。臺灣師範大學教授、著名學者李曰剛先生受業於黄季剛，研治《文心雕龍》二十年，於1982年出版了《文心雕龍斛詮》，在臺灣影響甚大。據牟世金先生研究，〝至郭晉稀《文心雕龍十八篇》，始對《文心雕龍》的下篇有所調整。李書即主要據郭説改篇而又有新的增益〞。牟世金先生《臺灣〈文心雕龍〉研究鳥瞰》（山東大學出版社1985年12月），將郭、李兩書的篇次列出進行了比較。臺灣另一學者王更生的《文心雕龍導讀》，日本學者户田浩曉的《文心雕龍•前言》中，都提到郭晉稀先生的《文心雕龍譯注十八篇》，張少康、汪春泓、陳允鋒、陶禮天合著的《文心雕龍研究史》，周振甫主編《文心雕龍詞典》中，對郭師的《文心雕龍譯注十八篇》和《文心雕龍注譯》二書都有專門的評價。但是，郭先生在他的書中最滿意的並不是關於《文心雕龍》的，而是完成於八十年代末的《詩辯新探》。他説：〝這本書中更多地談了我自己的一些看法。〞(撮要取自內文首段)
《中國古代文學批評方法研究》
Authors: 饒 龍隼
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

近年來，學術界普遍關注現代學術規範問題。按時行的看法，學人談論更多的似乎是一些外在的規範，諸如應該尊重前人的學術成果，不可掠人之美；不要低水平重複前人的研究，而要有所創新；不要空疏浮躁急於求成，而應厚積薄發；不應視野狹隘觀念陳舊，要有全球眼光等等。這些規範針砭時弊，確有很大的現實意義。我亦學術中人，對之深有同感，頗願引爲治學準繩。(撮要取自內文首段)
唐代翰林與文學——以文史結合作歷史—文化的探索
Authors: 傅 璇琮
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

我從事於中國古代文學研究，除作家作品專題考證、論析外，總有一種意趣，就是想從不同的角度，探討一個時代知識分子的狀況，由此進一步探討某一歷史時期社會特有的文化面貌。古代士子，也就是知識分子，往往是詩文、戲曲、小説描寫的對象，而我們現在，也可以並應該將其作爲學術研究的對象。正因如此，我於上一世紀八十年代前期，就想以唐代科舉作爲中介環節，把它與文學溝通起來，試圖文史結合，選輯有關歷史記載與文學描述的材料，來研究唐代士子的生活道路、思維方式和心理狀態，想由此重現當時部分的時代風貌和社會習俗，這就是後於1986年出版的《唐代科舉與文學》（陝西人民出版社）。我想，研究中國社會及其文化形態，我們如能打通文、史、哲等相關學科，著重於探討知識分子的生活道路及社會處境，這將有利於對文學發展作全面的把握與歷史的考察。中國大陸自九十年代以來，在這方面已有一定成果，較早如南開大學羅宗强教授的《玄學與魏晉士人心態》（浙江人民出版社，1991年），今年我所看到的，如有《晚明士人心態及文學個案》（周明初著，東方出版社）、《市民、士人與故事：中國近古社會文化中的叙事》（高小康著，人民出版社）。這一研究動態，確也值得注意。(撮要取自內文首段)
“文人小説”與“奇書文體”
Authors: 浦 安迪
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

本文擬探討的主要論題是對明清古典小説之來源和文學性質的再評價。我對這研究對象的主導看法基於兩個核心概念：其一可名之曰“文人小説”論，其二則不妨稱之爲“奇書文體”説。所謂“文人小説”這一名稱是針對二十世紀學術界流行的“通俗文學”觀念，提出一個反論；也是嘗試對明清讀書人視小説爲“文人”之作的見解進行一番由現代比較文學角度的反思。明清長篇章回小説之“通俗文學”説的緣起，早始於五四運動前後，而尤得力於胡、魯、鄭三巨頭的提倡。胡適對《水滸傳》、《西遊記》等書一系列考證文章的基礎，就是建於它們是通俗文學的信念。魯迅又説：“元明之演義，自來盛行民間，其書故甚夥，而史志皆不録。唯明王圻作《續文獻通考》，高儒作《百川書志》，皆收《三國演義》及《水滸傳》，清初錢曾作《也是園書目》，亦有通俗小説《三國志》等三種”。魯迅的説法，今人奉爲定論。但細品其原意，其實不過是一種推測之詞而已，代表了五四時代尊白話貶文言和重小説輕詩文的一種共同的眼光。(撮要取自內文首段)
探索詩歌分體研究的新思路——以詩騒體式爲例
Authors: 葛 曉音
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

詩歌分體研究的歷史非常悠久，從古到今有關著述汗牛充棟。但是自二十世紀初古代文學研究開始走向現代化以來，能够突破古人的思維定勢，以科學的分析進行詩體研究的論著却不算多見。八十年代以來，與詩歌的外圍研究的豐碩成果相比，對文學本身的探索因爲缺乏深度而顯得滯後，其中詩歌的體式研究缺乏新思路也是一個重要原因。本文試圖聯繋筆者近兩年在詩騷體式研究方面的嘗試談談在這方面的淺見。(撮要取自內文首段)
從浦安迪教授的講題看西方的明清小説研究
Authors: 高 辛勇
Published: February 2023

未有摘要可提供。

No abstract is available.
“比興”與“抒情”——談“中國抒情傳統”論述與“比興”研究
Authors: 陳 國球
Published: February 2023

未有摘要可提供。No abstract is available.
在詩論、樂論、畫論與書論之間
Authors: 黄 子平
Published: February 2023

未有摘要可提供。No abstract is available.
香港詞語比較研究
Authors: 邵 敬敏
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文舉例説明對香港詞語進行多角度比較研究的重要性，包括共時的横向比較、歷時的縱向比較、方言之間的内向比較以及跟外語之間的外向比較。重點是跟普通話的比較，並從同義語素的選擇、語序的顛倒、同形異義詞語、同義異形詞語以及義項的增加等幾個方面進行了分析，在此基礎上進一步討論香港方言詞語所透露出來的豐富的文化内涵。The paper illustrates the importance of comparative studies on Hong Kong dialect’s words, including the synchronic comparison, historical comparison, comparison with different dialects, and comparison with foreign languages. It focuses on the comparison between Hong Kong’s words and mandarin words, analyzing their differences in synonymous morphemes, word order, homographs, synonyms, and semantic items. It also discusses the cultural meanings of Hong Kong dialect’s words.
玄牝象與原子論——東西方本原哲學的差異
Authors: 李 葆嘉
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

人類的思維方式和知識體系表現爲語言文字形態，本原學術模式積澱爲文字類型之中的先民對所用語言結構的自發分析。本文引進語言文字分析比較法以追溯東西方哲學原型的差異，並延伸到相應的一系列文化領域。（1）西方屈折結構的語音繼起性導致了“音素論”或解析思維模式，東方孤立結構的語音共起性孕育了“音節論”或整體思維模式。（2）原始神祇崇拜是哲學之母，西方哲學是源於自然神崇拜的“物理哲學”，中國哲學爲源於祖先神崇拜的“倫理哲學”。語言分析模式是哲學之父，西方哲學的“原子論”與音素論同構，中國哲學的“玄牝象”與音節論同構。（3）老子之“道”本義赤子而兼指爲產道和產子，玄牝象以人倫化育之道比類萬物產生之道，再及統治權術之道。（4）語言結構與思辨模式存在相關性。西方“邏輯論”源於屈折結構表音文化，中國“意象法”源於孤立結構表意文化。（5）東西方的精神信仰、個體價值、社會組織、科學技術和藝術風格的差别，是語言分析、本原哲學和思辨模式差異在這些領域中的延伸。（6）祇有揭出中國文化的DNA，才能從根本上解釋幾千年來的歷史中國，恰當描寫東西方文化合流中的現代中國以及預見未來中國。Man’s patterns of thought and knowledge systems are represented by linguistic morphology. The model of ontological academy is gathered and subsided as an automatic analysis of the structure of the current language by the primitives in typology of languages. The paper introduces an analytical and contrastive method of language to trace back the differences between Oriental and Occidental philosophical prototypes, and to extend into their respective cultural fields. (1) The speech ensuing of reflective structures of Occidental languages leads to “phonemic theory" or a parsing pattern of thought, while speech simultaneity of isolated structures of Oriental languages to “syllabic theory” or an integrated pattern of thought. (2) The worship of primitive gods is the mother of philosophy: Occidental philosophy originated from “physical philosophy” of the worship of natural gods, while Chinese philosophy from “ethic philosophy” of the worship of forefathers. The pattern of linguistic analysis is the father of philosophy: “atomic theory” of Occidental philosophy is isomorphic of phonemic theory, while “Meta-Female Symbol” of Chinese philosophy is of syllabic theory. (3) The denotation of “Dao”(道) of Laocius (老子) is a newborn baby, which means both the vagina and productivity, and “Meta-Female Symbol” compares the way of human ethic conversion and raising to the way of emerging all things, then to the way of ruling tactics. (4) There is a strong correlation between linguistic structures and patterns of speculation. Occidental "logic theory" originated from the culture in which sound is expressed by reflective structures, while Chinese "symbolic method" from the culture in which meaning is expressed by isolated structures. (5) The differences between Oriental and Occidental spiritual beliefs, individual values, social organizations, science and technology and artistic styles are the extension of the differences of linguistic analysis, ontological philosophy and pattern of thought in these fields. (6) Only when the DNA of Chinese culture is disclosed, can we interpret fundamentally a historical China with a several thousand years, and describe appropriately a modern China in the converging current between Oriental and Occidental cultures, and predicate exactly a future China.
從《廣雅疏證》看王念孫的聲義相通説
Authors: 陳 雄根
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
王念孫《廣雅疏證•序》云：“訓話之旨，本於聲音。”書中每以聲義相通來疏解古義。近世學者，對王氏所言“某與某通”的語言成分、聲音關係，以及王氏聲義相通説，論之未深。本文就全書聲義相通的文例進行分析，闡釋其中所用術語，指出聲義相通的字，除通假字外，尚包括同源字和異體字。其次，本文考察不同術語所言相通字例，均屬音同或音近，並列表作出統計。第三是尋找王氏論定通用字的依據。最後對王氏聲義相通説的得失，作出評價，以補前人研究的不足。
In his introduction to Kuang-ya Shu-cheng, Wang Nien-sun notes that "the essence of meaning is lodged in the sound". In interpreting ancient meaning, Kuang-ya Shu-cheng usually takes different phonetics that convey the same meaning as interchangeable. In recent studies, not much has been written on the linguistic components and the tonal relations concerning Wang's interchangeable theory, and there still awaits an in-depth analysis of his theory of the interdependence of sound and meaning. This paper provides a throughout analysis of examples concerning the interdependence of sound and meaning in Kuang-ya Shu-cheng. This paper (1) explains the special terms used in the work, showing that characters of different sound but conveying the same meaning include not only loan characters (t'ung-chia tzu 通假字) but also cognate words (t'ung-yuan tzu 同源字) and variants (yi-t'i tzu 異體字). (2) provides statistical tables in support of the point that examples of interchangeable characters mentioned by various special terms are in fact homophones or near homophones. (3) examines the rationale behind Wang's discussion of loan characters. (4) evaluates Wang's theory of the interdependence of sound and meaning, so as to serve as a supplement to existing research.
詩心與故事——林庚《中國文學史》論小説和戲劇
Authors: 陳 國球
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
林庚是二十世紀三十年代一位出色的詩人，也是一位著名的古典文學研究者；兩重身份互相交叠影響，因而創作和研究别具特色。林庚的古代文學研究具體表現在先後出版的幾種《中國文學史》之上。其中第一本《中國文學史》寫成於1974年，更是迥拔孤秀，見解和書寫方式與一般著作大不相同。本文把焦點放在“小説”和“戲劇”之上，試圖探討這位詩人如何談論“詩”以外的文類。我們發現林庚在研究中國文學史上的小説和戲劇時，非常用心追尋内裏的“詩情”和“夢意”，以中國方式詮解中國叙事體的理想結構。對於近似西方劇情的中國故事，反而輕輕帶過，無意深究。這種處理方式，與林庚一貫主張“中國文學史事實上是一個以詩歌爲中心的文學史”之説是互相呼應的。依照林庚的看法，中國文學史在宋以前的重心離不開詩歌；即使宋元以後轉入“故事主潮”——小説戲劇當道，林庚還是偵察到其中許多的“詩意”。無論過去的哪一時段，“詩”仍然是理解中國文學史的主要綫索。Lin Geng (1910-) is one of the famous poets in the thirties of the twentieth century. He is also a renowned scholar in the field of classical Chinese literature. Both his roles as a creative writer and a researcher interact with each other to bring about works of uniqueness. In fifty years of time (1947-1995) he has produced several versions of Chinese Literary History, of which the first (1947) is most distinctive in terms of its literary interpretations and writing style. This article focuses on Lin Geng's exposition of the “stories” or narrative genres, i.e. fiction and drama, in his first Chinese Literary History. It is discovered that Li Geng, with his poetic sensitivity, is able to detect the “dreaminess” or “poeticality” in some major works of fiction and drama. In his view, this “dreaminess" or “poeticality" signifies the ideal structure of Chinese narratives. Thus, on top of the common conviction that poetry is the predominant literary genre before Song Dynasty, Lin Geng presents to us a proposition that poetry or poeticality is the most important characteristics throughout the path of Chinese literary history.
北宋“新學”名義考論
Authors: 方 笑一
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
學界常以“荆公新學”指稱王安石一派學術，此名稱並不見於北宋文獻，實爲清代全祖望首創。王安石同時代人僅稱王氏學爲“新學”，這一名稱源於王氏領銜修纂的《三經新義》。熙寧八年《新義》全部頒佈後，程頤、司馬光、蘇軾等人皆曾用“新學”專指王氏學術，而以元豐二年程頤使用爲最早。“新學”一詞多爲王氏反對者所用，王安石本人及其門生後學皆不以此稱呼自己一派學術，因爲“新學”一詞在當時隱含貶義，反對者借以暗示它惟務新奇，與佛、老等異端糾纏不清，不屬於正宗的儒家傳統。因此，隱匿在“新—舊”這一判分背後的，其實是新潮與傳統、異端與正統的對壘，是北宋新黨與舊黨的角力。“Jing Gong New Scholarship” is generally used to name Wang An-shi's scholarship, but it doesn't appear in books in Northern Song Dynasty. The one who first time used it is Quan Zu-wang in the Qing Dynasty. In Wang's era, people just called his Scholarship as "New Scholarship", which came from the book San Jing Xin Yi. Cheng Yi, Sima Guang and Su Shi had called Wang’s scholarship as“New Scholarship", and Cheng earliest used it in 1079. This name wasn't used by Wang and his students but by his dissenters because of its crytic derogatory sense. The dissenters used it to hint that the "New Scholarship" just pursued novelty and badgered with the deviationism such as Buddhism and Taoism. So it isn't part of traditional Confucianism. We find the opposition between the Newness and the oldness, the deviationism and the legitimacy, and the contest of the new group and the old group.
情真？情貞：論馮夢龍在《三言》中的情愛觀
Authors: 張 嘉蘭
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
這篇論文分析馮夢龍《三言》故事中有關貞節與情愛的書寫，以討論明末江南士人圈中，對家庭倫理與“情教”的理解與宣揚。“情教”觀念於十七世紀被馮夢龍正式提出，並通過白話小説與戲曲深入人心。《三言》中的情愛書寫，提供了城市士紳讀者（包括婦女）對才子佳人式的婚姻的期待。一般學者多視馮夢龍爲陽明心學與反道學的李贄的追隨者，本文則認爲，馮夢龍爲程朱理學與“情教”提供了一個接合點。李贄並不反對真道學與禮義，更爲節婦作傳，强調“理即禮也”；馮夢龍也在《情史》序言中明確指出，“六經皆以情教也”。程朱理學視“夫婦”一倫與家庭爲中國社會的基石，馮氏因而通過白話文學的影響力，倡議五倫乃根源於“情”，而“情”則必須以五倫的維繫與實踐爲依歸。這篇論文因此分爲兩部分：第一部分爲文本分析，探討《三言》中的貞節與愛情；第二部分則簡要討論《三言》中失意文人亟於移風易俗的心理焦慮，以及所反映出的晚明思潮與社會史。
This paper analyzes the motif of chaste romance in Feng Menglong’s Sanyan collections — Yushi mingyan, Jinshi tungyan, and Xinshi henyan — to demonstrate the intersection of Confucian ethics and the Teaching of Qing (feelings).
Many scholars argue that romance in vernacular literature like Sanyan collections reflects the call of human feelings away from Confucian morality. Feng, for them, stands opposite to the inflexible ideology of the Learning of the Way, devoting to the liberation of love from gender segregation and detailing the concept of the Teaching of Qing.
However, Feng intended to bridge the gap between the Learning of the Way and the Teaching of Qing by addressing that, “The Six Classics all attempt to teach through qing." He conformed to Confucian ethics that “husband-wife” the most important relationship and family were the cornerstone of a society, while making a revision that ‘qing’ be the drive for five relationships. Feng upheld family, whereas he popularized the intellectual renovation about individualism — the Learning of the Mind and the Teaching of Qing, Feng highlighted traditional women’s virtues and mocked their loss of chastity in trysts, whereas he appreciated women’s authentic feelings toward love. Feng never gave up the didactic tone and emphasized more women’s loyalty to their husband.
This paper includes two main sections to argue that Feng, a frustrated Confucian moralist, revealed the traditional tone on women while building the ideal of companion marriage. First, a textual analysis explores the motif of chaste romance by discussing its four types of Sanyan stories. Second, it discusses neo-Confucianism as well as the Teaching of Qing, and their intersection in the late Ming vernacular literature. To conclude, women are not subjects independent from families and husbands to practice alone the individualistic Teaching of Qing.