bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Estágio de Docência em Ciências da Natureza como Situação Gnosiológica: possibilidades na Licenciatura em Educação do Campo
Authors: Bialvo Hoffmann Marilisa , Schirmer Saul Benhur
Published: November 2020

O artigo desenvolve uma reflexão teórica em torno do estágio de docência na Licenciatura em Educação do Campo (LEdoC). Foram abordados aspectos dos estágios realizados no âmbito das Ciências da Natureza e como suas particularidades permitem descrevê-los como uma ação essencialmente gnosiológica, no sentido freireano. São demandas inerentes à Educação do Campo, por exemplo, a formação por área de conhecimento, a docência compartilhada, o diálogo com espaços educativos não-escolares; questões para as quais, muitas vezes, não há suficientes indicações e referências na literatura da área de Ensino de Ciências. Constata-se que a articulação necessária entre a área de Ensino de Ciências e a Educação do Campo não se dá por uma simples união dos conhecimentos acumulados nas mesmas, mas pela constituição de novos saberes a partir desses. Conforme indicam os resultados, a superação dos desafios do Estágio de Docência na LEdoC, enquanto situação gnosiológica, exige de orientadores e estagiários uma relação dialógica constante, curiosidade epistemológica, bem como a produção de conhecimento novo, que atenda às demandas desta formação docente. Entender o estágio como situação gnosiológica mostra-se assim um caminho importante, pois traz à tona processos emergentes das realidades demandadas pelas LEdoC e suas interfaces com o Ensino de Ciências.
АНАЛИЗ И ВНЕДРЕНИЕ ПЕРЕДОВОГО ОПЫТА — ЗАЛОГ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА
Authors: Савйовський B. B.
Published: November 2020

В статті висвітлені окремі особливості та вказано на деякі напрямки й відміннос!ті будівництва в Німеччині в порівнянні з Україною. Надано порівняльний аналіз окремих техно!логій застосування збірно!монолітних конструкцій, приклад реконструкції цивільних будівельз надбудовою та термомодернізацією. Вказано ймовірні напрямки підвищення ефективностібудівництва в країні.
An investigation into sealing materials for vacuum glazing
Authors:   Brunel University, Onyegbule Paul , Singh Harjit ,   Kingston University
Published: November 2020

Vacuum glazing is an innovative transparent thermal insulator that has application in high performance window, especially in renewable energy. Different materials as well as sealing methods have been adopted to seal windows with different temperatures. The impact of temperatures on sealing layers has been found to have significant effects on the microstructure of the seal. This paper seeks to investigate the effects of sealing materials specifically glass powder and flux compound (borax) for vacuum glazing. The findings of the experiment conducted show that the sealing material was rigid with some leakage around the edge, and we found that this could be stopped by enhancing the uniformity of the seal within the periphery. Also, we found that due to the intense tensile stress from the oven surface temperature of the seal at 200 °C, a crack was observed at the side of the glass. Based on the above findings, this study concludes that a glass powder with a lower melting temperature of below 250 °C with the addition of an adhesive (borax flux) should be used for future vacuum seals.
The Equipment Qualification Testing Framework: Model Driven Development for Design and Model-Based Testing for Verification
Authors: Sklyar Vladimir , Kharchenko Vyacheslav
Published: November 2020

Computer control systems (CCS) are an important for operation and maintenance of safety- critical infrastructures. A challenge in such systems implementation is certification and licensing against national and international regulatory requirements. Environmental tests are applied to check that equipment of the CCS can withstand the rigors of harsh environments, for example high and low temperature and humidity, water drops and dust, seismic vibration and acceleration, electromagnetic interference, radiation, etc. It can happen that environmental tests emphasis is methods, level and types of environmental impacts, but there is a question about functions which shall perform a system under test before, during and after test impact application. Equipment Qualification Testing Framework is proposed. The requirements to system operation under test is described in view of a model. Model Driven Development methodology is applied for design and Model-based Testing methodology is applied for verification
COEFFICIENT ESTIMATES FOR CERTAIN SUBCLASSES OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH HORADAM POLYNOMIAL
Authors: Kavitha D. , Dhanalakshmi K. , Arulmozhi N.
Published: November 2020

In this present article, we studied and examined the novel general subclasses of the function class $\Sigma$ of bi-univalent function defined in the open unit disk, which are associated with the Horadam polynomial. This study locates estimates on the Taylor - Maclaurin coefficients $|a_{2}|$ {\it and} $|a_{3}|$ in functions of the class which are considered. Additionally, Fekete-Szeg\"{o} inequality of functions belonging to this subclasses are also obtained.
THE RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF LYMPHOTROPIC THERAPY IN PATIENTS LUNG CANCER
Authors: Charyshkin Aleksey , Toneev Yevgeniy , Medvedev A.
Published: November 2020

Objectives. To evaluate the results of the application of the developed method of lymphotropic therapy in patients operated on for lung cancer.
Methods. Examined 280 patients aged from 39 to 75 years, operated on for lung cancer during the period from 2010 to 2016, Completed: pneumonectomy or forehead - and bilobectomy, lymph node dissection. The patients were divided into three groups. In the first group (n=206) used only standard therapy. In the second group (n=44) in conjunction with standard therapy was performed with an interspinal lymphotropic injections of drugs at the level of Th2 - Th3, Th3 - Th4, Th4 - Th5. In the third group (n=30) in conjunction with standard therapy was performed lymphotropic introduction of medicines by the developed technique (patent RF №2561832).
Results. Frequent complications in the first group and 20.4% in the second, 11.4% of patients were inflammatory. Bronchopleural fistula occurred in the first group, 17 % of patients in the second - 4.5%, in the third - from 3.3 percent. Indicators leukocyte index of intoxication on the 2nd day of 3.2±0.2 and on the 6th day 2,6±0,1 significantly smaller in patients in the third group (p<0,05) compared to first and second groups.
Conclusion. The proposed method lymphotropic administration of drugs in patients with lung cancer provides the optimal route of administration of drugs to the pathological focus and reduces exudative inflammatory postoperative complications.
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PATIENTS AFTER RADICAL TREATMENT FOR BREAST CANCER
Authors: Tkachenko Galina , Chulkova Valentina
Published: November 2020

This article presents an overview of literature on the socio-psychological problems of breast cancer patients. After the completion of radical treatment there are arised a lot of problems caused not only by the development of physical and functional complications but also by a patient’s mental state. Awareness of the seriousness of the disease, fear of relapse, possible disruption of family relationships, loss of work - all this reduces the quality of life of patients, causes anxiety-depressive and astheno-depressive disorders. Psychological assistance to patients improves their psycho-emotional state and improves the quality of life. In this regard it is necessary that psychological assistance to patients with breast cancer, which is an integral part of rehabilitation and is carried out in the course of treatment, could be continued even after the completion of radical treatment.
THE INFORMATION CONTENT AND CORRELATION MODEL OF INTERLEUKINS, INDICATORS OF OXIDATIVE AND ANTIOXIDATIVE SYSTEMS IN MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Authors: Agarkov Nikolay , Makkonen Kristina , Tkachenko Pavel , Aksenov Vitaliy , Ivanov Aleksandr , Subbotina Tatyana
Published: November 2020

According to the results of a survey of 76 patients in malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and 30 nearly healthy individuals found that the most informative in the diagnostic of this pathology have IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase. These indicators of cytokine profile and antioxidant systems in malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by the presence of a significant number of reliable intersystem relations. Development in malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract is accompanied by increased intra-conjugacy parameters of various interleukins and antioxidant systems.
EXPERIENCE OF THE APPLICATION OF THERMOCHEMIORRADIOTHERAPY IN COMBINED TREATMENT OF DYSTAL CANCER OF DIRECT INTESTINE
Authors: Startseva Zhanna , Afanasev Sergey , Plaskeeva Dina
Published: November 2020

The article describes the experience of using ther-mochioradiotherapy in the combined treatment of distal locally advanced colorectal cancer, as well as comparing the effectiveness of treatment with chemoradiation therapy. The use of the proposed method as a component of the combined treatment of patients with rectal cancer allowed to increase the percentage of organ-preserving operations. As a result of thermochemotherapy, the prevalence of the primary tumor was significantly reduced, as a result of which the number of sphincter-bearing operations was reduced by almost 2 times (p
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF POST-RADIATION REGRESSION OF LOCALLY ADVANCED RECTAL CANCER
Authors: Samsonov Denis , Karachun Aleksey , Pravosudov Igor , Ivko Olga , Grishko Pavel , Tyuryaeva Yelena , Sinenchenko G.
Published: November 2020

Currently, combination therapy, including preoperative irradiation of the tumor and areas of regional lymphatic drainage, has become the standard for the treatment of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods for evaluating neoadjuvant therapy response are increasingly being introduced into the practice of specialized medical centers. However, the prognostic value of tumor regression grade remains unclear. The results of numerous studies presented in modern literature are contradictory, and their comparative analysis is extremely difficult because of the abundance of post-radiation regression classifications used. This review article reflects the current views on the role and ways of assessing the therapeutic pathomorphosis of rectal cancer after radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy.
CYTOREDUCTIVE SURGERY IN THE TREATMENT OF ADVANCED OVARIAN CANCER: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS
Authors: Shelekhov Aleksey , Dvornichenko Viktoriya , Radostev Sergey , Rasulov Rodion , Morikov Dmitriy , Zakharov Anatoliy , Medvednikov A. , Ushakova Irina
Published: November 2020

The first experience of cytoreductive surgery technology and intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) usage in the practice of Irkutsk Regional Cancer Center. All subjects were divided into 2 groups: the group of clinical comparison - the patients after suboptimal cytoreduction (53 persons), and the main group - the patients after optimal or complete debulking operation and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in some cases (32 persons). The subjects had ovarian cancer. The indispensable prerequisite of picking was confirmed carcinomatous peritoneal spread, resectable process, overall status. The primary analysis assay included time factors such as preoperation period, operation time, postoperative bed-days, in plus, complications and their character in postoperative period. In the article there are statistics of disease-free and overall survival in all groups and full consistent outline of the intraoperative hyperthermic chemotherapy method. The research has prospective character, observation continued. Expected results will be significant difference of disease-free and overall survival in the groups of interest.
POSSIBILITIES OF 18F-FDG PET/CT IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND STAGING OF LYMPHOMAS
Authors: Chanchikova Natalya , Dudnikova Yekaterina , Karlova Yelena , Saveleva Anastasiya , Silkina O. , Zelchan Roman , Sinilkin Ivan , Bragina Olga , Medvedeva Anna , Chernov Vladimir
Published: November 2020

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in lymphomas staging compared with traditional diagnostic methods. The results of 18F-FDG PET/ CT of 30 patients with malignant lymphomas were analyzed. The analysis showed high efficiency of 18F-FDG PET/CT compared with standard clinical and instrumental methods of research. This method has demonstrated the greatest diagnostic value in the diagnosis of involvement of the iliac, mediastinal, mesenteric and inguinal lymph nodes in the tumor process, as well as in extronadal lesions (red bone marrow, soft tissues, lungs and spleen), when sensitivity was 90% or more. The mismatch between the results of traditional research methods and 18F-FDG PET/CT in lymphoma staging was found in 12 (40%) patients: in 4 cases 18F-FDG PET/CT allowed to lower the stage of the disease, and in 8 patients to increase, which allowed correcting the therapy in 23% of patients. Thus, the results of the study indicate a high efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/ CT for malignant lymphomas staging.
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF PROLIFERATION IN INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM AND MAMMARY TUMORS IN HER-2/NEU TRANSGENIC AND FVB/N WILD TYPE MICE; THEIR CORRECTION WITH MELATONIN
Authors: Gubareva Yekaterina , Maydin Mikhail , Tyndyk Margarita , Vinogradova Irina , Panchenko Andrey
Published: November 2020

Circadian rhythms and tumor development are interconnected as the factors like light pollution which disrupt circadian rhythms increase the risk of cancer, and oncological diseases are associated with changes in organism’s circadian rhythms. Circadian changes in intestinal epithelium and mammary tumors proliferation and apoptosis in HER-2/neu overexpressing FVB/N mice and assessment of melatonin’s influence on these parameters were studied in this work. It was shown by us that intestinal epithelium in mice exhibits circadian rhythm of proliferation with the peak in the morning and in tumor-bearing mice this rhythm is disrupted. Exogenous melatonin contributes to circadian rhythm of intestinal epithelium proliferation. Circadian changes in mammary tumors proliferation rate depend on melatonin secretion or supplementation time. Thus, melatonin may be considered as a perspective drug in anticancer therapy modulating circadian rhythms in cancerous and normal tissues.
BRAFV600E MUTATION IN PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA. CLINICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Rumyantsev Pavel , Nikiforovich Petr , Poloznikov Andrey , Abrosimov Andrey , Saenko Vladimir , Rogunovich T. , Budzin A. , Polyakov Andrey , Kaprin Andrey , Dedov Ivan
Published: November 2020

Mutation BRAFV600E is highly specific for papillary thyroid carcinoma. It’s detected in 40-70% of all papillary thyroid carcinoma cases. Moreover this mutation is noticed in anaplastic carcinoma in 40-50%.This fact gives a chance to select patients and provide targeted therapy with multi-kinase inhibitors in cases of unresectable anaplastic carcinoma. The influence of BRAF V600E mutation for response to radioactive iodine therapy requires more evidence-based research. Existing methods for determining the BRAFV600E mutation have different accuracy, availability and cost. Other methodological aspects are also associated with the sample preparation of biological material, the quality of reagents, and the cross-validation of research results. In this review, on the basis of our own experience and literature data, the indications for determining the mutation of the BRAFV600E gene in clinical practice are refined, and a comprehensive comparative analysis of modern research methods has been conducted. This review is focused on a wide range of specialists of different types: oncologists, endocrinologists, radiologists, pathologists, and biologists.
MOLECULAR AND GENETIC SUBTYPES OF OVARIAN CANCER: PROSPECTS FOR FURTHER STUDIES
Authors: Villert Alisa , Kolomiets Larisa , Yunusova Natalya , Fesik Yevgeniya
Published: November 2020

High-grade ovarian carcinoma is a histopathological diagnosis, however, at the molecular level, ovarian cancer represents a heterogeneous group of diseases. Studies aimed at identifying molecular genetic subtypes of ovarian cancer are conducted in order to find the answer to the question: can different molecular subgroups influence the choice of treatment? One of the achievements in this trend is the recognition of the dualistic model that categorizes various types of ovarian cancer into two groups designated high-grade (HG) and low-grade (LG) tumors. However, the tumor genome sequencing data suggest the existence of 6 ovarian carcinoma subtypes, including two LG and four HG subtypes. Subtype C1 exhibits a high stromal response and the lowest survival. Subtypes C2 and C4 demonstrate higher number of intratumoral CD3 + cells, lower stromal gene expression and better survival than sybtype C1. Subtype C5 (mesenchymal) is characterized by mesenchymal cells, over-expression of N-cadherin and P-cadherin, low expression of differentiation markers, and lower survival rates than C2 and C4. The use of a consensus algorithm to determine the subtype allows identification of only a minority of ovarian carcinomas (approximately 25%) therefore, the practical importance of this classification requires additional research. There is evidence that it makes sense to randomize tumors into groups with altered expression of angiogenic genes and groups with overexpression of the immune response genes, as in the angiogenic group there is a comparative superiority in terms of survival. The administration of bevacizumab in the angiogenic group improves survival, while the administration of bevacizumab in the immune group even worsens the outcome. Molecular subtypes with worse survival rates (proliferative and mesenchymal) also benefit most from bevacizumab treatment. This review focuses on some of the advances in understanding molecular, cellular, and genetic changes in ovarian carcinomas with the results achieved so far regarding the formulation of molecular subtypes of ovarian cancer, however further studies are needed.
NEOADJUVANT TREATMENT OF THE LOCALLY ADVANCED COLON CANCER (REVIEW)
Authors: Khazov Anton , Khrykov Gleb , Erdniev S. , Savchuk S.
Published: November 2020

Colon cancer is one of the leading nosologies in the structure of cancer incidence. The presented scientific review analyzed data from studies of the feasibility of neoadjuvant treatment in patients with locally advanced resectable colon cancer. Also discussed issues of perspective methods and approaches in the treatment of this patient’s category.
TONGUE MICROSURGICAL RECONSTRUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANCER. FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES
Authors: Polyakov Pavel , Mordovskiy Aleksandr , Ratushnyy Mikhail , Matorin O. , Rebrikova Irina , Nikiforovich Petr , Polyakov Andrey , Solovev Vasiliy
Published: November 2020

Objectives: present our experience tongue microsurgical reconstruction in patients with oral caner Т2-Т4аN+M0.
Material and methods: prospective study of cases reconstruction of oropharyngeal zone defects after radical operations for cancer from 2015 to 2017 in microsurgery department P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute. Total 18 patients included in our study. We used flaps for reconstruction of post-resection defects: small intestine flap (2), radial forearm flap (10), thoracodorsal flap (2) chimeric thoracodorsal flap LDM+ serratus anterior muscle (4).
Results: Reconstruction was successfully completed in 94 % of patients. In all cases was not flap necrosis. Mean follow-up was 16 months. Patients were free air - 89%. Patients were able to feed entirely by mouth - 83%. Speech function was completely restored in 82% of patients after operation. Spontaneous sensory re-innervation occurred in 35% of cases. One patient noted motor neuronal re-innervation. By the end of the 6th month after the operation, speech function was completely restored in 82% of patients.
Conclusions: Attention to the principles of tongue reconstruction and knowledge of the range of available reconstructive options can result in more favorable functional outcomes.
CRYOSURGERY IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH BONE TUMORS
Authors: Belyaev Aleksey , Prokhorov Georgiy , Arkhitskaya Anna
Published: November 2020

A review of the literature shows that surgical procedures will remain the standard treatment for primary bone tumors. Analysis of studies on the assessment of long-term results shows that additional double cryogenic treatment of the curettage cavity can improve the treatment outcomes of patients with giant cell tumors, dysplastic diseases and some forms of malignant lesions. The traditional execution of the procedure is associated with the open installation of liquid nitrogen in the bone cavity, which requires special skills in handling aggressive refrigerant from the staff and does not exclude complications. In case of multiple metastatic bone lesions, surgical treatment is not indicated. The recent emergence in clinical practice of new equipment with a closed liquid nitrogen circulation circuit inside cryoprobes resumes interest in cryoabla-tion of bone tumor lesions using modern minimally invasive puncture cryotechnology and expanding indications for its use in patients with severe comorbidities.
NEUROBLASTOMA IMMUNOTHERAPY
Authors: Druy Aleksandr , Kuleva Svetlana
Published: November 2020

The recent data about innate and adaptive immunity against neuroblastoma are described in the article. The era of neuroblastoma immunotherapy started since the evidence of anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies efficiency. Nowadays monoclonal antibodies against GD2 are introduced into schemes of maintenance therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma patients. Developing of T-cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T cells) directed to membrane antigens is the perspective of neuroblastoma immunotherapy. PD1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies as immune checkpoint inhibitors have the theoretical evidence of potential effectiveness. Application of immunotherapeutic approaches in high-risk neuroblastoma patients together with conventional multimodal therapies requires further investigation.
THE PSYCHOEMOTIONAL/PSYCHOSOCIAL CONDITION OF SOCIETY IS ONE OF THE POSSIBLE REASONS FOR THE INCREASE IN CANCER INCIDENCE IN PRESENT-DAY RUSSIA
Authors: Ilnitskiy A.
Published: November 2020

This brief analytical review adresses a possible impact of some special psychoemotional characteristics in the contemporary Russian society on cancer incidence. The possible effects of psychoemotional/psychosocial stress and chronic depression on carcinogenesis are considered. For this purpose, the findings of epidemiological, experimental, and anamnestic studies are discussed. The psychoemotional/psychosocial condition of society is one of the possible reasons for the increase in cancer incidence in present-day Russia.
PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS IN ONCOORTHOPEDIC CLINIC
Authors: Shchelkova Olga , Usmanova Ye. , Sushentsov Yevgeniy
Published: November 2020

The article revealed main stages of development and tasks of psychological research in orthopedic clinic - new, rapidly developing direction in domestic clinical psychology. It is shown that the methodology of psychological research at the initial stage was implementation of basic principles of psychological diagnosis in medicine - principles of in-depth individualized research aimed at revealing experiences and characteristics of patient in order to provide adequate psychological assistance and mobilize resources of individual and social environment to cope the disease. The second stage is associated with analysis of interaction of mechanisms of adjustment to disease and quality of life in this type of pathology. On the example of empirical psychodiagnostic study in 139 patients with bone tumors the influence of “profiles “ (clusters) of personality on basic parameters of quality of life was shown. The third stage of development of the methodology of psychological diagnosis is due to development of surgical technologies in this field of medicine, dramatically changing functionality of patients. Among other factors, the main tasks of psychological research in patients with pelvic bone tumors underwent endoprosthetics using additive technologies are presented, as well as in patients with spine tumors, underwent different types of surgical treatment - laminectomy and vertebroplasty (in Blokhin Cancer Research Center).
FEATURES OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE INCIDENCE OF ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA AMONG CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE
Authors: Bagirov I.
Published: November 2020

Objective of the study: to assess the age-related dynamics of the incidences of ALL among children and young people in Azerbaijan during 1998-2014 years.
Materials and methods of the study. Study has been held on the basis of the Azerbaijan Scientific and Research Institute of Haematology and Transfusiology named after B.A.Eyvazov where has been concentrated services of treatment and registration of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. All patients under age of 30 years, determined during 1998-2014 years, have been observed. Diagnosis of ALL was confirmed in accordance with the program of the examinations, provided in the clinical protocols.
Achieved results. In all periods of observation the highest value of the incidence of ALL in the 0-4 age group, which changed within the interval of 2,5 till 6,2In 5-9 years group morbidity rate of ALL varies within relatively narrow range: from 1,1 till 3,5. During 1998-2014 years in 10-14 years group morbidity rate of ALL also varies within relatively narrow range.
Conclusions: The main trend of morbidity with ALL for all age groups is the tendency of increasing during 1998-2014 years.
PROSPECTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CARRYING OUT THE ONCOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF THE POPULATION
Authors: Cherenkov Vyacheslav , Petrov A. , Gulkov I. , Kostyukov A.
Published: November 2020

Diagnosis of malignant tumors is an urgent problem of the modern world. Early diagnosis depends on General practitioners. The doctor should conduct a systematic examination of the patient regularly, taking into account the risk groups, gender and age. With mass screening, signs of dysplasia or an early focus, developing cancer can «slip away» [1]. Optimization of analysis and examination algorithms is required, which is not always possible for one person. Positive application of the digital program with elements of imaging in Oncology, we were able to create such a class of tasks for the preliminary subjective-objective survey of patients in three versions: with a widescreen screen and consoles for patients (group version up to 15 or more patients), interactive (touch) and tablet. The results of the survey are sent through the accepted channels to the doctor with recommendations for further examination, and the patient is given a coupon. The pilot program showed that the system of such robotic technologies in the future can replace the oncologist in its development to artificial intelligence at the stage of the primary link.
SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY USING FLUORESCENT LYMPHOGRAPHY IN CT1-4N0M0 BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: HIGH DIAGNOSTIC CAPABILITIES
Authors: Portnoy Sergey , Kuznetsov A. , Shakirova N. , Kozlov Nikolay , Maslyaev A. , Karpov A. , Kampova-polevaya Yelena , Mistakopulo M. , Yegorov Yuriy , Anurova Olga , Shendrikova Tatyana , Gornostaeva A. , Khaylenko D.
Published: November 2020

Breast cancer cT1-4N0M0 patients usually require a sentinel lymph node biopsy. Sentinel lymph node biopsy with indocyanine green fluorescence detection is a modern technique with a high lymph node detection rate. However, the false-negative rate was not evaluated adequately. Our objective was to determine node detection rate and the false-negative rate. 99 patients with 100 cases of breast cancer cT1-4N0M0 were operated on. The axillary part of an operation consisted of indocyanine green fluorescence-guided SLN biopsy and an axillary lymphadenectomy of levels I-II or I-П-Ш. A signal lymph node was detected in 98 cases (98 %). In 28 (28.6%) cases out of 98, metastases in signal lymph nodes were found. Other than sentinel lymph node had metastatic lesion only in 35.7% in SLN N+ cases. False negative result occurred in 1 case of 28 (3.6%). The application of indocyanine green fluorescence-guided sentinel lymph node biopsy in cN0 breast cancer patients allows for a high signal lymph node detection rate and a low false negative rate.
SPECT-CT VISUALIZATION OF SENTINEL LYMPH NODES AND LYMPH FLOW FROM TONGUE CANCER
Authors: Kanaev Sergey , Novikov Sergey , Krzhivitskiy Pavel , Radzhabova Zamira , Kotov Maksim , Ponomareva O. , Girshovich M. , Artemev Semen , Artemeva Anna , Melnik Yu.
Published: November 2020

The main purpose of the study was to determine distribution of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with tongue cancer. SPECT-CT visualization of sentinel lymph nodes was performed in 19 primary patients with clinically T1-2N0M0 tongue cancer. SPECT-CT acquisition started 60-120 min after peritumoral injections of 99mTc-nannocolloids (100-150MBq in 0.3-0.4ml). Finally we analyzed lymph flow patterns and localization of lymph nodes with radiocolloids uptake. Bilateral lymph flow from the tongue cancer was detected in 9 (47%) of 19 patients. In 6 cases bilateral pattern was associated with tumors less than 5mm from medial sulcus of the tongue. On the contrary, in 9 of 10 patients with lesions more than 4mm from medial sulcus we detected monolateral lymph-flow. In 4 (21%) of 19 patients SPECT-CT visualized sentinel lymph nodes only in groups Ib-IIa. Modeling of radiotherapy with with standard and lymph-flow guided radiation fields was performed on Eclips treatment planning station. It demonstrated that with lymph-flow guided strategy irradiated volumes can be reduced from 1224 cm3 to 367 cm3, dose to spinal cord can be reduced from 24,7Gy to 14.3Gy, medial dose to contralateral parotid gland - from 24,6Gy to 12,4 Gy. SPECT-CT with radiocolloids can be successfully used for visualization of lymph flow from the primary tumour and subsequent radiotherapy planning.
EFFICIENCY OF ADJUVANT XELOX CHEMOTHERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH RESECTABLE GASTRIC IN RUSSIA (SINGLE INSTITUTION RETROSPECTIVE STUDY)
Authors: Stilidi Ivan , Nered Sergey , Kalinin Aleksey , Rossomakhina Olesya , Barchuk Anton
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The effectiveness of the Asian regimen of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer in the European population remains unclear. The aim of our study was a retrospective assessment of adjuvant chemotherapy (XELOX regimen) after radical surgery (R0) on overall survival. Methods. Database of pts with resectable gastric cancer with stage >pT3 and/or pN+ and M0, who were operated (R0) at single oncological institution during 2007-2017 was reviewed. In univariate and multivariate analyzes were included demographic characteristics, type of tumor according to Lauren, stage, type of treatment and others. Results. 396 pts were identified and 286 were available for analysis.106 (37%) pts received at least one cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy. In univariate analysis, 5OS rate was 64% [95% Cl, 52-80] и 56% [95% Cl, 48-64; p=0,21] in patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and only surgical treatment. After stratifying patients depending on the regional lymph nodes metastasis, 5OS rate in pts with pN1-3 was 69% [95% CI, 57-85] vs 47% [95% CI, 39-58; p = 0,01], respectively...
THE FEASIBILITY OF COMBINED TREATMENT OF COMPLICATED LOCALLY ADVANCED AND RECURRENT RECTAL CANCER. CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Ivanov Valeriy , Gordeev Sergey , Mamedli Zaman , Tkachev Sergey , Kuzmichev Dmitriy , Perevoshchikov Aleksandr , Chernykh Marina , Suraeva Yu.
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION: The goal of the study was to assess the feasibility of combined treatment in patients with a complicated course of locally advanced and recurrent colorectal cancer.
METHODS: A case-control study was conducted. The study group included patients with locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer complicated by external, rectovesical, rectovaginal fistulas and/or peritumoral abscesses received neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT). Patients without complications comparable to the study group by sex, age, ECOG status, cT value, and the nature of the tumor (primary/recurrent) treated with neoadjuvant CRT were selected in the control group. The primary end points of the study were CRT toxicity (NCI-CTC v.4.0) and postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo). The secondary endpoints of the study were the pathologic complete response rate 2-year progression-free survival.
RESULTS: 21 patients were included in both groups. In the study group the following complications were noted: external fistula (n = 7), rectovaginal fistula (n = 6), rectovesical fistula (n = 4), paraproctitis (n = 4), peritumoral abscess (n = 13), 16 patients (76%) required additional treatment prior the CRT: preventive colostomy (n = 14), antibacterial therapy (n = 5). Grade 3 toxicity was observed in 2 (9,52%) patients and in the study group (p = 1). Postoperative mortality was not registered in both groups. Postoperative grade III and higher complications in the study group were observed in 1 (5,2%) patient and in 3 patients (15,7) in the comtrol group (p = 0.129). 19 patients underwent surgery in each group, R0-resection was achieved in 17 patients in the study group and 19 in the control group. Pathological complete response was registered in 1 (5,2%) patient in the study group and in 4 patients in the control group (21,5%) (p = 0,14). Median progression-free survival was not achieved in both groups.
CONCLUSION: the combined treatment of complicated locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer after appropriate planning and concomitant symptomatic therapy does not increase the toxicity profile and postoperative complications rate.
MODERN MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL TYPES OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER: COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINE AND PROINFLAMMATORY-PROGENOTOXIC CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Bershteyn Lev , Ievleva Aglaya , Ivantsov Aleksandr , Vasiliev D. , Kleshchev Maksim , Poroshina Tatyana , Kovalenko Irina , Venina A. , Berlev I.
Published: November 2020

Aims were to compare the characteristics of hormonal and metabolic status, a set of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory markers, as well as factors associated with DNA damage/ genome integrity in endometrial cancer (EC) patients, divided on the basis of the contemporary classification that distinguishes four molecular-biological types of this tumor.
Materials and methods: The study involved material from untreated EC patients, the number of which varied depending on the method used. The average age of patients was close to 60 years and about 90% of them were in postmenopausal period. In the course of evaluation of pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory factors (levels of cytokines IL-6 and TNF, myo-kine myostatin and adipokine prefilin / Pref-1 /, the ratio of neutrophils/lymphocytes in the blood), an enzyme immunoassay and hematological analysis were used, while the study of the expression of lipoxygenases’ mRNA (“pro-inflammatory” alox5 and “anti-inflammatory” alox15) in omental adipose tissue was based on real-time PCR methodology. Besides, the comet tail moment and % of DNA in the tail of comets of mononuclear cells, the level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine in circulation and the telomere length of mononuclear cells were, respectively, measured as an indicators of DNA damage or genome integrity.
Results and conclusions: According to the data obtained, the differences between EC patients are determined not only by the propensity for overweight or lack of it, but also by belonging of the individual case to one or another molecular-biological type established on the basis of genetic and immu-nohistochemical analysis of the tumor tissue. Altogether this may indicate certain specificity of stimuluses leading to the development of particular endometrial cancer variant.
TISSUE-ENGINEERING TRACHEAL TRANSPLANTATION (CASE REPORT)
Authors: Demidchik Ye. , Zharkov V. , Podgayskiy Vladimir , Isaykina Ya. , Lavrinovich K.
Published: November 2020

Case report of unusual treatment with tissue-engineering tracheal transplantation in-patient. There is no sign of tumor progression during 1,5 year after surgical treatment.
METHODS OF CREATION OF ORTHOTOPIC MODELS OF HUMAN COLON CANCER IN IMMUNODEFICIENT ANIMALS
Authors: Kit Oleg , Goncharova Anna , Lukbanova Yekaterina
Published: November 2020

Colon cancer has long been considered an important and actual problem in oncology. Studies performed on animal models are significant for understanding molecular patterns of the disease development and developing new antitumor drugs. Such models are the most adequate tool for evaluating the cancer treatment strategy and a resource with enormous potential for studying tumorigenesis mechanisms. In this review, we analyzed the recent data on methods of modeling the process of development of malignant tumors in the human intestine on immuno-deficient animals and considered advantages and disadvantages of different model variants.
ROLE OF GSTM AND GSTT POLYMORPHIC GENES IN ONCOGENESIS AND THE ONSET OF HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS
Authors: Karimov Kh. , Assesorova Yu.
Published: November 2020

Throughout life, a person is exposed to various xenobiotics, one of the biological effects of which is the genotoxic effect, leading to the occurrence of oncogenic mutations. Mutagenic and promutagenic substances can be detoxified with the corresponding xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes, however, if the enzymatic activity of the latter changes, the neutralization of the mutagens occurs at a slower pace. The review discusses the polymorphic genes of enzymes of the second phase of the biotransformation of xenobiotics of the GSTS family and presents modern literature data on the role of GSTM and GSTT in oncogenesis and the development of hemoblastoses. The search of scientific literature was carried out using the PubMed and СyberLeninka databases.
MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE THYROID GLAND (C73) IN SAINT PETERSBURG. MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, INDEX OF ACCURACY, YEAR-BY-YEAR LETHALITY AND SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS
Authors: Merabishvili Vakhtang
Published: November 2020

Thyroid tumors are divided into benign and malignant. Special attention should be paid to malignant tumors. A feature of thyroid cancer is its slow progression, compared to other tumor localities, and in the vast majority of cases successful treatment, especially in the early stages of the disease. Thyroid cancer - can be attributed to rare malignancies. Its specific weight in the General structure of oncopathology is about 2.0%, in the structure of mortality from malignant neoplasms-less than 0.5%. Thyroid cancer is registered in women 3-4 times more often than in the male population. Increased attention to the study of the characteristics of the prevalence of thyroid cancer is primarily associated with the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. We can trace the dynamics of morbidity in the population of Leningrad - Saint Petersburg from 1980 to 2018. for the periods before and after the accident. The purpose of our study is to study the dynamics of morbidity in the population of the world, Russia and St. Petersburg with a sharply increased incidence of thyroid cancer. In addition to morbidity and mortality, it is planned to consider such analytical indicators that are practically not used in Russia as the reliability of accounting, partial lethality and five-year survival of patients with thyroid cancer calculated according to the international standard. Every year, more than 13 thousand (13,250 - 2018) new cases of thyroid cancer are registered in Russia. In recent years, in St. Petersburg, more than 150 new cases of malignant neoplasms of this localization of tumors are registered annually among men, and among the female population more than 800. We created the first Russian Population cancer registry in St. Petersburg, which has accumulated a huge amount of information about malignancies, including thyroid cancer. This is one of those localities of malignancies where the specific weight of detected early stages of the disease correlates with the survival rate of patients in stage I and II of the disease, where its value is 98.0%, and the mortality rate of patients for all patients in the first year of observation slightly exceeded 11.0% for men and 4.0% for women.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE BRAIN (C71). POPULATION-BASED STUDY
Authors: Merabishvili Vakhtang , Kennet Kalyango , Valkov M. , Dyachenko Andrey
Published: November 2020

Malignant neoplasms of the brain (BMN) in accordance with the international classification of the diseases (ICD-10) belong to the rubric C71. However, in the world and Russia it is customary to understand this term as the entire block of localizations related to the brain - rubrics C70-71. The topographic codes C70 (meninges), C71 (brain) and C72 (spinal cord, cranial nerves and other parts of the central nervous system) make up a small proportion among MN in general. In addition, all the summary data WHO-IARC and Russia as a rule aggregate the CNS tumors under the three heading ICD - 10 (ICDO-3) C70-72. With the developments in Russia of the system of Population cancer registries, it became possible to study the patterns of dynamics of incidence and to calculate the survival rate of patients with malignant necrosis in each ICD-10 section. This study presents the population-based analysis of incidence and mortality from BMN using available sources and, for the first time in Russia, the analysis of the dynamics of the survival among the patients with BMN under the rubric C71 is performed.
BRCA GENES MUTATIONS’ OF HEREDITARY BREAST CANCER IN CRIMEA
Authors: Oleksenko Viktor , Aliev Kazim , Malyy K.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The hereditary predisposition to the growth of breast cancer (BC), associated with germline mutations of DNA genes repair (BRCA(1,2)), is characterized by a variety of polymorphism variants, with a tendency to a certain specificity in different population groups. In regions with a mixed population composition, such as Crimean Peninsula, the problem of the relationship of specific mutations and a population group is not only of scientific interest, but also has rather important practical significance from the point of view of diagnostic and prognostic criteria design for the breast cancer incidence.
The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of occurrence of BRCA1 (5382insC, 4153delA, 185delAG) and BRCA2 (6174delT) genes mutations in two population groups having a breast cancer and living in the Crimea - Slavic and Crimean Tatar, with clinical signs of a hereditary disease.
Materials and methods. 283 DNA samples were studied, collected from the blood of patients with clinical signs of hereditary breast cancer, of which 208 were Slavic and 75 were Crimean Tatar population group. The control group consisted of 256 DNA samples collected from the blood of healthy women, of which 196 were Slavic and 60 were Crimean Tatar population group. The study was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RT) by allelic discrimination, with the analysis of melting curves. Morphological verification of the diagnosis was carried out by a set of methods for determining the histological variant and tumor immunophenotyping according to the standard diagnostic program.
Results. Mutations were detected in 23 breast cancer cases; these mutations were determined exclusively in the Slavic group. The 5382insC BRCA1 gene mutation was prevailed (21/10,1%), and 185delAG BRCA1 mutations one case and 6174delT BRCA2 mutation one case were obtained. None of the gene mutation was not registered in the Crimean Tatar population group. Immunohistochemi-cally triple negative breast cancer was determined in 86.4% of mutations cases. Only one case of mutation was recorded in the control group - 5382insC of the BRCA1 gene in the Slavic population group (0,4%).
Conclusion. The frequency of occurrence of the “founder mutation” 5382insC BRCA1 gene mutation in breast cancer patients from Slavic population group corresponds to the average Russian and European levels, the frequency of other variants of the studied mutations, 185delAG BRCA1 gene and 6174delT BRCA2 gene, is recorded much less frequently, and the 4153delA mutation was not observed in the studied samples. The absence of mutations in the studied markers of the Crimean Tatars population group, including those with a hereditary predisposition to breast cancer, indicates differences in the mutation spectrum and necessitates the continuation of studies with an expansion of the mutation spectrum, with the prospect of full-genome (BRCA1) or genome-wide DNA sequencing of patients.
POLYMORPHISMS IN GSTM1, GSTP1 AND GSTT1 GENES AND BREAST CANCER RISK IN WOMEN FROM KYRGYZSTAN
Authors: Isakova Zh. , Kipen Vyacheslav , Aytbaev K. , Yusufova M. , Vinnikov D. , Bukuev N. , Sultangazieva B. , Aldasheva N.
Published: November 2020

Aim: We studied the intergenic interactions and the contribution of polymorphic loci for GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1 genes in the formation of predisposition to breast cancer (ВС) in women of Kyrgyz nationality.
Material and method: The study included 87 women of the Kyrgyz ethnic group with the morphologically verified diagnosis of BC and 96 women without cancer and chronic diseases. Genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed using PCR-RFLP for rs1695 GSTP1 gene. Deletion polymophisms in GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes were determined using allele-specific real-time PCR. Analysis of the intergenic interactions conducted with MDR 3.0.2 software.
Results: Among women of Kyrgyz nationality, deletion of the GSTM1 gene region is a genetic marker associated with an increased likelihood of developing breast cancer (OR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.38-3.44), p = 0.0007). The absence of deletion in this gene is associated with a protective effect. Analysis of polymorphic markers (GSTT1 gene) and p.Ile105Val (GSTP1 gene) did not reveal statistically significant differences in the frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles between breast cancer patients and women from the comparison group (p > 0.05). Analysis of intergenic interactions using MDR analysis showed that, with the simultaneous presence of the Arg/Gln genotypes (XRCC1 gene) and (GSTM1 gene), the probability of developing breast cancer was - OR = 2.63.
Conclusions: Deletion of the GSTM1 gene and combinations of the Arg/Gln genotypes (XRCC1 gene) and (GSTM1 gene) may contribute to the genetic susceptibility of BC in Kyrgyz women.