bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from pig in Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Md Mahmudul , Rahman Md Mostafizer , Meher Mirza Mienur , Rahman Mohummad Muklesur , Anower AKM Mostafa
Published: July 2023

Pig diarrhea is a common problem in pig farms and scattered areas of Bangladesh. This study was subjected to characterize Escherichia coli isolated from fecal sample of pig diarrhea and to find out therapeutic possibilities in the treatment of the disease. Isolation and characterization of the microorganisms were confirmed on the basis of their morphology, staining, cultural and biochemical properties. The study was conducted on 125 fecal samples of diarrheic pig. The prevalence of E. coli infection was higher in 2 years and above aged pigs (62.50 %).  Prevalence of E. coli was higher in diarrheic pigs 61.00 % (100) and non diarrheic 32.00% (25) were also found to be positive for E. coli. The results of MR and Indole test of E. coli isolates were positive. The antibiogram study revealed that this isolates were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and gentamicin; moderately sensitive to colistin sulphate and azithromycin; less sensitive to amoxicillin, tetracycline, cloxacillin, ceftraexon, neomycin, erythromycin and ampicillin. The findinings of the experiment indicates that the use of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and gentamicin may have the preference to be choice in clinical control of E. coli causing pig diarrhea.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (1), 31-36
Identification of potential risk factors for recurrent outbreaks of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) in poultry farms of Bogra District, Bangladesh in 2015
Authors: Islam SK Shaheenur , Akhter AHM Taslima , Sufian Md Abu , Hossain Md Mehedi , Chakma Shovon
Published: July 2023

An outbreak investigation was conducted in poultry farms of two Upazilas (Bograsadar & Sherpur) of Bogra district of Bangladesh to identify potential risk factors associated with occurrence of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD)/Gumboro during February-March 2015. A total of 75 farms were recruited under a cross-sectional study of which 40% (n=30) ‘infected farms’ and 60% (n=45) ‘non infected farms’ from the 2 Upazilas. The infected farms were included from active and passive surveillance data of two Upazila Livestock Offices and District Veterinary Hospital (DVH), Bogra. The non-infected farms were included by convenient sampling technique from the same areas of the two Upazila. The data were collected from the poultry farms using pretested semi-structured questionnaire.  A total of 75 farmers were interviewed of which 87% (n=67) male farmers, 11% (n=8) female farmers with an average age of 38(±9) years.  Sixty percent (n=45) famers were rearing Sonali type of bird with a flock size 1554(±745) and 40% (n=30) farmers with broiler type of bird with a farm size 828(±263). Among the infected farms, 86.67% (n=26) farms were infected in Sadar Upazila and 13.37% (n=4) farms infected in Sherpur Upazila. The case fatality rate in Broiler and Sonali were 47.47%, 30.32% respectively with an average 33.26%. The study found that 26.67% (n=20) farms had practiced daily disinfection and 34.67% (n= 26) farms did not allow visitors in the farms. The potential risk factors relating to  biosecurity  aspects were found significant in this study at level of p≤0.05, were, “not practicing all in all out”(OR= 11.15, 95% CI= 2.03-61.16, p= 0.006), “not practicing cleaning and disinfection daily”(OR=7.92, 95% CI=1.2-52.28, p=0.03), “having partial netting of the farm” (OR= 36.97, 95% CI= 3.40-402.40, p=0.003) along with  “inappropriate gap between two production cycle” (OR= 15.40, 95% CI= 2.27-99.57, p=0.005). The results from PE presented that good quality chicks (DOCs), farm bio-security, detection of antibody titerat day 1 in conjunction with implementing proper vaccination schedule to be followed for successful IBD prevention and control at the farm level. In conclusion, proper bio-security measures with strict vaccination protocol should be maintained mandatorily to control of IBD at the poultry farm in this district.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (2), 182-189
Effects of induced arsenocosis on skin, intestine, lungs and gizzards of broilers
Authors: Islam Md Nur , Ali Md Younus , Rahman Abdur , Mostofa Mahbub , Islam Purba
Published: July 2023

The study was conducted to determine the level of accumulation of arsenic concentration in lungs, intestine, gizzard and skin of broilers. Forty eight apparently healthy day-old “Star-bro” broiler chicks (already vaccinated with Marek’s disease vaccine in the hatchery) were reared up to 34 days. All chicks were reared in the same brooder up to 7 days of age and then all broiler chicks (48) were divided into 4 different groups; Group-A, Group-B, Group-C and Group Control each consisting of 12 chicks. Birds of Group-A, B, and C were given 1, 0.5, and 0.25 ppm arsenic, respectively mixing with drinking water (distilled water). No arsenic treatment was given in the Control Group. Two birds from each group were selected randomly for slaughter at the day of 14, 21, 28, 30, 32 and 34, respectively. Body weight was noted down and external examination was performed before post mortem examinations. After collection, the samples were prepared by a series of steps such as, washing, drying and digestion; finally arsenic was detected by atomic absorption spectophotometric method. The mean highest arsenic concentration in lungs, intestine, gizzard and skin were 1.027±0.1265 ppm in Group-B, 0.422±0.0228 ppm in group-A, 0.2885±0.032 ppm in group-B, 0.3198±0.057 ppm in group-A (in all case n=6), respectively. In this study it was found that the level of arsenic in lungs, intestine, gizzard and skin is greater than that of the maximum permissible level in drinking water (0.05ppm, WHO). From the findings of the present study gives an indication of severe human health hazards caused by arsenic through animals as well as agro based human food which is still unnoticed.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (2), 190-198
Effect of zinc supplied from two different sources on the growth, yield and zinc uptake of rice (cv. BRRI dhan49)
Authors: Islam Md Rafiqul , Yesmin Nilufar , Malika Meher , Huda Azmul , Rahman M Mazibur
Published: July 2023

The field experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during Aman season of 2014 to study the influence of different levels of zinc applied from two sources on the yield and Zn uptake of BRRI dhan49. The soil was silt loam in texture having pH 6.8, organic matter 2.72%, total N 0.151 %, available P 4.00 mg kg-1, available K 0.08 cmol kg-1, available S 15.9 mg kg-1 and available Zn 0.90 mg kg-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were seven treatments with different rates of Zn viz. T1: Zn0, T2: Zn1 as ZnO, T3: Zn2 as ZnO, T4: Zn3 as ZnO, T5: Zn1 as ZnSO4, T6: Zn2 as ZnSO4, and T7: Zn3 as ZnSO4 where 0, 1, 2 and 3 represent the rate of Zn in kg ha-1. Recommended doses of N, P, K and S fertilizers were added to all plots and they were used in the form of urea, TSP, MoP and gypsum, respectively. Addition of Zn had significant effect on the grain and straw yields of BRRI dhan49. Application of ZnO at 3 kg ha-1 (T4) produced the highest grain (5294 kg ha-1) and straw (6567 kg ha-1) yields. The control treatment (Zn0) produced the lowest grain (3183 kg ha-1) and straw (3614 kg ha-1) yields. The other plant parameters such as panicle length, tillers hill-1 and grains panicle-1, but not plant height and 1000-grain weight were also influenced significantly by the application of zinc. Zn concentration and uptake by BRRI dhan49 were also influenced by the addition of Zn. The total Zn uptake by the BRRI dhan49 varied from 173 g ha-1 in control to 353 g ha-1 in T4. Thus, results suggest that application of ZnO @ 3 kg ha-1 along with NPKS at recommended rates needs to be applied for achieving higher yield of aman rice in Old Brahmaputra Floodplain Soil.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (2), 230-234
Effect of different level of energy on growth performance of crossbred bull calves
Authors: Roy Prodip Chandra , Haque Md Azizul , Fatematuzzohora Mst , Ali Md Younus , Khandaker Zahirul Haque
Published: July 2023

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of energy on growth performance of crossbred (Indigenous × Holstein Friesian) bull calves. Feeding trial was conducted for sixty days long with twelve numbers of crossbred bull calves having almost similar body weight (115±5 kg) and age (1 year and 9 months). The parameters of energy requirements for crossbred bull calves were feed intake (DM), nutrient intake, changes in body weight, daily live weight changes, feed conversion efficiency, co-efficient of digestibility of different nutrients, nutritive value and requirements of energy for maintenance and growth. Four levels of dietary energy (T0, T1, T2 and T3) were supplied to the experimental animals for this purpose. The level of ME was T0 = 17.4 MJ/d as maintenance ration, T1 = 20.22 MJ/d for 200 g/d targeted LWG, T2 = 23.37 MJ/d for 400 g/d targeted LWG, T3 = 27.29 MJ/d for 600 g/d targeted LWG. It was found that the average daily live weight gain in T1 (290 g) fulfills against the targeted live weight gain (200 g/d). On the other hand, the expected live weight gain for T2 and T3 (400 g/ d and 600 g/d) were not fulfill at the end of experiment. The energy requirement for 100 kg body weight of crossbred bull calves was 17.4 MJ d-1 as maintenance and 15.44 MJ d-1 required for growth of 200g/ d.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (2), 246-254
PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DALAM PENERAPAN LITERASI DIGITAL PADA GURU DI ERA 4.0
Authors: Rahayu Rifani , Andri Seno , . Mayarni
Published: July 2023

This research is motivated by the lack of teacher expertise in the use of technology, and the lack of technological facilities in developing digital potential for teachers, research and assessment at SD Negeri 90 Pekanbaru. In the teaching and learning process there are still some teachers who have difficulty in using technology. Some teachers are not fully able to use devices or facilities to support learning activities such as Zoom, Google Meet, Google Classroom, and others. The availability of technological facilities and infrastructure is still not available, causing obstacles in the development of teacher competence. The purpose of this study is to explain the efforts to develop human resources in the application of digital literacy to teachers at SD Negeri 90 Pekanbaru and to analyze the inhibiting factors for developing human resources in the application of digital literacy to teachers at SD Negeri 90 Pekanbaru. The type of research chosen is qualitative research with a descriptive case study approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study found that the development of human resources in the application of digital literacy to teachers at SD Negeri 90 Pekanbaru in terms of motivation, personality and skill criteria was not optimal.Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi kurangnya keahlian guru dalam penggunaan teknologi, dan minimnya fasilitas teknologi dalam mengembangkan potensi digital pada guru, penelitian dan pengkajian pada SD Negeri 90 Pekanbaru. Dalam proses belajar mengajar masih ada beberapa guru yang kesulitan dalam menggunakan teknologi. Beberapa guru belum sepenuhnya mampu menggunakan perangkat atau fasilitas untuk penunjang kegiatan pembelajaran seperti Zoom, Google Meet, Google Classroom, dan lain-lain. Masih belum tersedianya sarana dan prasarana teknologi sehingga menimbulkan kendala dalam pengembangan kompetensi guru. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan upaya pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam penerapan literasi digital pada guru SD Negeri 90 Pekanbaru serta menganalisis faktor penghambat pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam penerapan literasi digital pada guru SD Negeri 90 Pekanbaru. Jenis penelitian yang dipilih adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus yang bersifat deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam penerapan literasi digital pada guru SD Negeri 90 Pekanbaru ditinjau dari kriteria motivasi, kepribadian dan keterampilan adalah belum maksimal.
IMPLEMENTASI SIREKAP DALAM PILKADA 2020 KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Gauru Christiana Cristin , Martini Rina , Alfirdaus Laila Kholid
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation of SIREKAP in the 2020 regional head elections of the Regent and Deputy Regent of Semarang Regency. Sirekap is an information technology-based application device as a means of publishing the results of the Vote Counting and recapitulation of the results of the Vote Counting as well as a tool in the implementation of the recapitulation of the results of the Counting of Electoral Votes. The research method uses a qualitative type of research based on the philosophy of postpositivism. The results showed that the implementation of Sirekap in the 2020 Regional Elections in Semarang Regency went well. However, there are some that should be evaluated on Sirekap. Sirekap not only has the advantages of being effective and efficient, but also has several disadvantages that are the focus of KPU improvement. Natural resources, election infrastructure and election support facilities must be improved. The advantages of Sirekap are that it increases transparency and accountability, time efficiency, and minimizes vote miscalculations. Meanwhile, the disadvantages of Sirekap are that it requires an adequate internal network, device devices that are quite specific, and the existence of human resources that have not been able to adapt to technology.AbstrakPemilu dengan digital merupakan suatu ide yang dapat menjawab tuntutan zaman. Namun, masih ada banyak permasalahan seperti kurangnya kepercayaan publik terhadap penyelenggaraan pemilu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis implementasi SIREKAP pada pemilihan kepala daerah 2020 Bupati dan Wakil Bupati Kabupaten Semarang. Sirekap adalah perangkat aplikasi berbasis teknologi informasi sebagai sarana publikasi hasil Penghitungan Suara dan rekapitulasi hasil Penghitungan Suara serta alat bantu dalam pelaksanaan rekapitulasi hasil Penghitungan Suara Pemilihan. Metode penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif berlandaskan filsafat postpositivisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa implementasi Sirekap pada pilkada 2020 Kabupaten Semarang berjalan dengan baik. Namun, ada beberapa yang harus dievaluasi pada Sirekap. Sirekap selain memiliki kelebihan yang efektif dan efisien, tetapi juga memiliki beberapa kelemahan yang menjadi focus perbaikan KPU. Sumber daya alam, infrastruktur pemilu dan fasilitas pendukung pemilu harus diperbaiki. Kesimpualn dalam penelitian ini, yaitu kelebihan dari Sirekap adalah meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas, efisiensi waktu, serta meminimalisir kesalahan perhitungan suara. Sedangkan kelemahan dari Sirekap, yaitu membutuhkan jaringan internat yang memadai, perangkat gawai yang cukup spesifisik, serta adanya sumber daya manusia yang belum mampu beradaptasi dengan teknologi.
PERAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (BUMDes) RAHARJO DALAM PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA BERBASIS PERTANIAN
Authors: Asnah Asnah , Edo Fedri , Rofiatin Umi
Published: July 2023

Village-Owned Enterprises in general are business entities formed based on Regional Regulations, whose management can also be adjusted to Village Regulations. This also applies to BUMDes Raharjo which was formed with the aim of helping the economic welfare of villages and communities through the utilization of village agricultural potential, namely strawberry plants which are developed into Strawberry Barn Tourism. This study aims to analyze the role of BUMDes Raharjo in the development of an agriculture-based tourism village in Pandanrejo Village, Bumiaji District, Batu City, East Java. The research location was determined purposively, with a descriptive analysis method. The role of BUMDes Raharjo is very important in utilizing village potential, in the form of strawberry plants, increasing business and the community's economy, developing collaboration between villages and/or with third parties, as well as providing business opportunities and employment opportunities to local communities, community empowerment, marketing and selling of crops as well as the products of Medium, Small Micro Enterprises of the local community. In carrying out institutional programs, most do it through Strawberry Barn Tours. Thus BUMDes Raharjo has an important role in helping improve the welfare of the people of Pandanrejo Village.AbstrakBadan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) secara umum merupakan badan usaha yang dibentuk berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah, yang dalam pengelolaannya dapat disesuaikan juga dengan Peraturan Desa. Hal ini berlaku juga bagi BUMDes Raharjo yang dibentuk dengan tujuan membantu kesejahteraan ekonomi desa dan masyarakat melalui pemanfaatan potensi pertanian desa, yaitu tanaman Stroberi yang dikembangkan menjadi Wisata Lumbung Stroberi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran BUMDes Raharjo dalam pengembangan desa wisata berbasis pertanian di Desa Pandanrejo, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu, Jawa Timur. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara purposife, dengan metode analisis deskriptif. Peran BUMDes Raharjo sangat penting dalam pemanfaatan potensi desa, berupa tanaman Stoberi, meningkatkan usaha dan perekonomian masyarakat, pengembangan kerjasama antar desa dan/atau dengan pihak ketiga, serta memberikan peluang usaha dan lapangan pekerjaan kepada masyarkat setempat, pemberdayaan masyarakat, pemasaran dan penjualan hasil panen serta produk-produk Usaha Menengah, Kecil Mikro masyarakat setempat. Dalam pelaksanaan program-program lembaga, lebih banyak melakukannya melalui Wisata Lumbung Stroberi. Dengan demikian BUMDes Raharjo memiliki peran penting dalam membantu meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Pandanrejo.
KURIKULUM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB TUJUAN KHUSUS PROBLEMATIKA DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DI UIN SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA
Authors: Nuruddin Ahmad , Taufiq Mirwan Akhmad
Published: July 2023

This study aims to describe the approach used in the Arabic learning system at State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya, so that it can identify the problems in language learning that need to be addressed to date. Because the problems in language learning must continue to be evaluated so that they can achieve the objectives in learning Arabic at State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya. In this study using a qualitative method presented descriptively with a type of case study in the Arabic language learning system in an intensive program shaded by the Language Development Center (P2B). Data collection techniques used in this study are participatory observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique is done by data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study found some design problems and their implementation in State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya which included: (1) Lack of focus on learning objectives. (2) The initial ability test of students is not in accordance with the Arabic language ability test that should be. (3) Short learning time with the material and the target of achieving too much material. (4) Inadequate facilities and facilities. So from this research the researcher provides a solution to overcome some design problems in learning Arabic at State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.Â Keywords: Arabic language learning, special purpose, communicative
KORELASI ANTARA KEMAMPUAN MENGHAFAL AL-QUR’AN DENGAN EFISIENSI PEMAHAMAN MAKNA KOSAKATA PADA SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN WALISONGO JOMBANG
Authors: El Zamzama Munfa'ati
Published: July 2023

Salah satu komponen utama bahasa Arab adalah kosa kata karena bahasa merupakan rangkaian kosa kata. Begitu juga dengan Al-Qur'an yang ayat-ayatnya merupakan rangkaian kosa kata sehingga penghafal Al-Qur'an lebih mudah untuk dihafal jika menguasai kosa kata tersebut dengan baik. Dapat dikatakan bahwa hafiz memiliki salah satu aset terpenting dalam menghafal Al-Qur'an, yang akan mengarahkan hafiz Al-Qur'an untuk memahami maknanya sehingga membuat ayat-ayat tersebut terjebak dalam ingatan untuk jangka waktu yang lebih lama dari pada yang lain. hanya menghafal tanpa. Tahu artinya sama sekali. Adapun pertanyaan penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimana kemampuan menghafal Al-Qur’an santri Pondok Pesantren Walisongo Jombang (2) Bagaimana efisiensi hafalan Al-Qur’an Pemahaman makna kosakata dari ayat-ayat yang dihafal oleh santri Pondok Pesantren Walisongo Jombang (3) Bagaimana hubungan antara kemampuan menghafal Al-Qur’an dengan efisiensi pemahaman makna kosakata pada santri Pondok Pesantren Walisongo Jombang?
Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah: Peneliti disini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Prosedur pertama yang dilakukan peneliti adalah melakukan observasi awal di Pondok Pesantren Walisongo Jombang. Kemudian peneliti mengembangkan sistem alat tes, angket dan wawancara. Alat tes dan angket akan dibagikan kepada Serta melakukan wawancara dengan mahasiswa dan dosen untuk menyempurnakan penelitian.
                        Adapun hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara statistik terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kemampuan menghafal Al-Qur’an dengan kemampuan kosa kata di Pondok Pesantren Walisongo Jombang dengan hasil uji korelasi Spearman sebesar 0,863 (positif), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kedua variabel X dan Y.
Kata Kunci: Kosa Kata, Bahasa Arab.
PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN, PEMBAGIAN MASKER DAN PEMBAGIAN HAND SANITIZER DI LIMBANGAN
Authors: Gin Gin Sugih Permana Gin Gin Sugih Permana , K Dewi Budiarti K Dewi Budiarti , Eti Suliyawati Eti Suliyawati , Eva Daniati Eva Daniati
Published: July 2023

The number of Covid-19 cases in West Java Province has shown a significant number in the past month. This is because West Java has become the center of very high community activity and mobility. Many people still dont understand how to prevent the spread of COVID-19, including the importance of using masks when leaving the house, the importance of personal hygiene, washing hands with soap, and physical distancing. The purpose of the Covid-19 counseling and training is to increase knowledge about preventing the transmission of Covid-19. Service activities are carried out in the form of education with leaflets and posters submitted by passing motorists and the surrounding community. Meanwhile, posters are installed in strategic places such as at the sub-district office, and in the RW/RT. The results obtained were an increase in knowledge after counseling by 26 people or an increase of 13%, citizens knowledge about individuals susceptible to Covid-19 an increase of 17 people or 8.5%, an increase in knowledge about the signs of Covid-19 symptoms by 43 people or an increase of 21, 5%, residents' knowledge about health procedures increased by 8 people or 4%, increased knowledge of residents about the types of Covid-19 masks by 37 people or 18.5%. The conclusions obtained from this activity are very useful and educate residents in preventing the spread of Covid-1
Epidemiological cut-off values for Vibrio anguillarum MIC and disc diffusion data generated by standardised methods
Authors: Smith P , Le Devendec L , Jouy E , Larvor E , Le Breton A , Picon-Camacho S , Zrnčić S , Zupičić IG , Oraić D , Karataş S , Verner-Jeffreys D , Joseph AW , Light E , van Essen-Zandbergen A , van Gelderen B , Voorbergen-Laarman M , Haenen OLM , Veldman KT , Madsen L , Mouritsen KK , Smith Svanevik C , Håkonsholm F , Vela AI , García M , Florio D , Fioravanti M , Cortinovis L , Pretto T , Manfrin A , Baron S
Published: July 2023

This work aims to generate the data needed to set epidemiological cut-off values for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc-diffusion zone measurements of Vibrio anguillarum. A total of 261 unique isolates were tested, applying standard methods specifying incubation at 28°C for 24-28 h. Aggregated MIC distributions for a total of 247 isolates were determined in 9 laboratories for 11 agents. Data aggregations of the disc zone for the 10 agents analysed contained between 157 and 218 observations made by 4 to 7 laboratories. Acceptable ranges for quality control (QC) reference strains were available for 7 agents and the related multi-laboratory aggregated data were censored, excluding the data of a laboratory that failed to meet QC requirements. Statistical methods were applied to calculate epidemiological cut-off values. Cut-off values for MIC data were calculated for florfenicol (≤1 µg ml-1), gentamicin (≤4 µg ml-1), oxytetracycline (≤0.25 µg ml-1) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (≤0.125/2.38 µg ml-1). The cut-off values for disc zone data were calculated for enrofloxacin (≥29 mm), florfenicol (≥27 mm), gentamicin (≥19 mm), oxolinic acid (≥24 mm), oxytetracycline (≥24 mm) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (≥26 mm). MIC and disc-diffusion zone data for the other agents where not supported by QC, thus yielding only provisional cut-off values (meropenem, ceftazidime). Regardless of whether QC is available, some of the aggregated MIC distributions (enrofloxacin, oxolinic acid), disc zone (sulfamethoxazole), and MIC and disc-diffusion distributions (ampicillin, chloramphenicol) did not meet the statistical requirements. The data produced will be submitted to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute for their consideration in setting international consensus epidemiological cut-off values.
El puente de Villanueva de la Reina sobre el Guadalquivir (Jaén). Diseño estructural y constructivo de una obra histórica de hormigón armado
Authors: Burgos-Núñez Antonio
Published: July 2023

En la parte central de la provincia de Jaén, sobre una carretera poco transitada, se localiza un puente histórico de hormigón armado. Fue construido a principios del siglo XX y todavía se mantiene en uso en nuestros días. Este puente tiene una configuración insólita, estando formado por tramos rectos de vigas trianguladas de hormigón armado. A pesar de ser una obra muy original, relevante para la Historia de la Ingeniería en España, su conocimiento hasta ahora era limitado

 En el presente artículo se hace una introducción a su historia y se describe técnicamente su configuración y las particularidades de sus elementos, a partir de una  revisión global en la que se incluyen los planteamientos de diseño originales y las modificaciones introducidas durante su ejecución.
EVALUATION OF HALAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN WEST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE (STUDY AT TOURISM DEPARTMENT)
Authors: Malindir Gaston Otto , Rahman Zainul
Published: July 2023

Permasalahan di lapangan menunjukan bahwa upaya pengembangan pasar wisata halal terus di masifkan di Indonesia, akan tetapi pada dasarnya belum dicanangkan standar baku terkait pengaturan konsep halal untuk berbagai destinasi wisata yang ada, baik restoran, sauna, spa, penginapan, maskapai penerbangan, biro perjalanan atau yang lainnya. Di sisi lain, hadir rasa skeptis masyarakat terkait konsep wisata halal yang dinilai tidak dapat menjamin kaum marginal serta berkenaan dengan alat politik identitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi pengembangan pariwisata halal di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat dijalankan. Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni studi pustaka dan studi lapangan yang meliputi observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu melalui reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dalam proses implementasi kebijakan wisata halal di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat, terdapat beberapa kendala yang berimplikasi pada kurang maksimalnya penerapan kebijakan tersebut. Adapun beberapa kendala tersebut ialah sebagai berikut: 1) Polemik kebijakan wisata halal di tatanan masyarakat, 2) berkurangnya kegiatan sosialisasi dan branding, terakhir 3) bencana alam dan pandemi Covid-19. Berdasarkan kajian yang ditempuh dalam evaluasi program wisata halal Nusa Tenggara Barat, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa program yang dicanangkan tersebut belum mampu untuk secara penuh mencapai target atau visi awal. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan adanya inovasi dan evaluasi untuk memperbaiki beberapa kelemahan dalam implementasi program pariwisata halal Nusa Tenggara Barat kedepannya.

Kata kunci; Evaluasi, Strategi Pengembangan, Pariwisata Halal
A new astronomical parameter from remote sensing data: Astronomical clearness index (ACI)
Authors: KABA Kazım , YEŞİLYAPRAK Cahit , ŞATIR Onur
Published: July 2023

Eastern Anatolia Observatory (DAG) project was initiated in Erzurum/Turkey in 2011. DAG will have Turkey’s largest (4 m) and first infrared telescope. The installation process is planned to be by taking its first light in the end of 2021. This study was focused on a new analysis method about the atmospheric properties of DAG site in terms of the cloudiness as known the most vital atmospheric parameter for ground-based astronomical observatories. In this regard, the cloudiness for DAG site is comprehensively examined using the “Cloud Mask” (CMa) and “Cloud Type” (CT) products from Satellite Application Facility on Support to Nowcasting and Very Short-Range Forecasting (NWC SAF). Firstly, the cloudiness and the cloud types over DAG site were determined. Secondly, NWC SAF CMa and CT data have been redefined for astronomical purposes, and the pixel values/meanings in CMa and CT images have been reduced from 6 to 4 and from 21 to 4 pixels, respectively. Thirdly, these new data were used to define a new index named as “Astronomical Clearness Index” (ACI), and finally, the observable days for DAG site were determined using this newly defined index.
Problems solving in orthokeratology lens fitting
Authors: Zhabina O. A.
Published: July 2023

Orthokeratology (OK) is a therapy aimed at correcting refractive errors by briefly changing a curvature of the corneal surface through the programmed use of rigid gas permeable reverse geometry contact lenses.

The method is currently widespread, especially in children, because of the number of advantages, and has also proved to be an effective way to slow progression of myopia.

In this article it is discussed the difficulties encountered in the process of fitting orthokeratology contact lenses (OK-lens) by specialists with different training levels as well as the reasons of difficulties. Recommendations are given on how to avoid these problems and how to solve them in order to make the fitting of OK-lens more effective and comfortable for both the practitioner and the patient and to ensure their safe use.
To the 25th Anniversary of “The EYE ГЛАЗ” magazine
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: July 2023

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MEDIA PENGENALAN HEWAN LIAR MENGGUNAKAN VIRTUAL REALITY (VR)
Authors: Antero Bragas
Published: July 2023

engenalan hewan merupakan salah satu pembelajaran yang harus diajarkan dari zaman ke zaman, banyaknya jenis-jenis hewan membuat orang perlu mengetahui jenis dan perbedaan hewan. saat ini pengenalan jenis-jenis dan pebedaan hewan pada saat ini masih banyak yang menggunakan media gambar dan tulis. Dengan perkembangan teknologi saat ini Virtual Reality (VR) dapat membantu dalam proses belajar mengajar, dimana Virtual Reality (VR) dapat berinteraksi dengan lingkungan yang disimulasikan oleh komputer menjadikan dunia maya menjadi dunia nyata. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu membuat aplikasi pengenalan hewan liar menggunakan Virtual Reality (VR). Pengguna dapat melihat jenis-jenis hewan liar pada aplikasi yang ditempatkan pada smartphone dan cardboard.
PERANCANGAN ALAT PENANAM BENIH JAGUNG BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Shabira As Sidiq Zidan , Gilang Lesmana Bima
Published: July 2023

Untuk memperoleh produktivitas yang tinggi dalam menanam jagung, proses penanaman jagung merupakan faktor sangat penting yang harus diperhatikan. Proses penamanan jagung yang masih menggunakan cara manual akan menyebabkan angka produktifitas yang sama saja bahkan bisa menurun karena berbagai resiko seperti membutuhkan waktu lama, jarak tanam antar benih jagung yang tidak sama, dan masih menggunakan tenaga manusia. Maka dari itu tujuan penelitian ini membuat rancangan alat penanam benih jagung berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) yang dapat membantu dalam hal menanam jagung dengan menggunakan sistem penggerak roda alat yang memiliki sebuah wadah yang berisi benih jagung yang memiliki katup disetiap sisinya untuk melubangi tanah. Pada penelitian ini robot yang dibuat menggunakan mikrokontroller Arduino UNO, driver motor, sensor ultrasonik, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) dan menggunakan smartphone dalam melakukan proses penanaman benih jagung. Pergerakan robot dikontrol dengan menggunakan smartphone dalam melakukan proses penanaman benih jagung, robot ini memiliki tiga proses yaitu melubangi tanah, penabur benih dan penutup tanah, semua itu diproses dalam mikrokontroller yang berfungsi sebagai otak pada robot yang dibuat dan nantinya robot akan terhubung kedalam mydevice cayenne dan dapat melakukan perintah sesuai keinginan kita di interface sistem cayenne.
Production profile of lipid mediators in conjunctival lavage fluid in allergic and infectious conjunctivitis in guinea pigs
Authors: Hayashi Akane , Kobayashi Koji , Nakamura Tatsuro , Nagata Nanae , Murata Takahisa
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Conjunctivitis is a major ocular disease classified into allergic or infectious. The pathological features of conjunctivitis are not fully understood despite its high morbidity rate; thus, its differentiation can be difficult.

Materials and methods

We used ovalbumin-induced allergic conjunctivitis and lipopolysaccharide-induced infectious conjunctivitis models of guinea pigs. Both models showed conjunctival swelling. Histological studies revealed that numerous eosinophils infiltrated the conjunctiva in the allergic model, whereas neutrophils infiltrated the conjunctiva in the infectious model. We collected conjunctival lavage fluid (COLF) and comprehensively analyzed lipid production using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

COLF showed increase of 20 and 12 lipid species levels in the allergic and infectious models, respectively. Specifically, the levels of a major allergic mediator, prostaglandin D2 and its three metabolites and several cytochrome P450-catalyzed lipids increased in the allergic model. In the infectious model, the levels of prostaglandin E2 and 8-iso-prostaglandin E2 increased, indicating tissue inflammation. Moreover, the level of 12-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, a lipoxygenase metabolite, increased in the infectious model.

Conclusion

These differences in lipid production in the COLF reflected the pathological features of allergic and infectious conjunctivitis.
Assessing the adoption and application of the Namibian biosafety labelling regulations and determining their impact on Namibian food and feed importers
Authors: Mungeyi Paulus , Chimwamurombe Percy Maruwa , Kangueehi Grace Nandesora
Published: July 2023

The study was carried out to investigate the implications of the Namibian biosafety regulations on Namibian food and feed importers. After the Biosafety Act, 2006 (Act No. 7 of 2006), the biosafety regulation was gazetted in 2016, which saw the implementation of the national framework, the impact of food and feed importers was not known. The objective of the study was to assess the adoption and application of the national biosafety labelling regulations by food and feed importers. In addition, the impacts of these regulations on Namibian food and feed importers were assessed. The study used a structured online and hard copy survey questionnaire based on responses from 340 Namibian importers of food and feed products from eight identified Namibian regions: Khomas, Erongo, Kavango West, Kavango East, Omusati, Oshana, Ohangwena, Oshikoto, and Zambezi who have the knowledge required for the adoption and application of the Namibian biosafety labelling regulations. Using the Mann-Whitney test, the study confirmed that individuals who are aware of the biosafety Act, 2006 (Act No. 7 of 2006) are less likely to agree with statements such as experiencing problems in fulfilling requirements under the biosafety regulations. It was further concluded that there is a need to reduce the current administrative burdens for handling applications and improve dialogue between regulators and the food and feed importing industry while increasing the competence of regulators and creating more labelling regulation awareness for food and feed importers. The study further suggests that public awareness is required beyond food and feed importers.
Neolithic settlement and paleopedological changes during the Middle Holocene in northern Sardinia (Italy)
Authors: Marras Gian Battista , Boschian Giovanni
Published: July 2023

Sardinia is the second biggest island in the Mediterranean region and has been intensely settled since the Middle Holocene (c.7750 BP). Despite a large number of documented Neolithic archaeological sites, very little is known about human-environmental interactions, including land use and domestic activities associated with the emergence and expansion of Neolithic settlements (c. 7750 and 5500 BP). To shed new light on these issues, we carried out new geoarchaeological analyses on buried soils and archaeological sequences exposed at the Neolithic site of Contraguda, northern Sardinia. Physical-chemical analyses combined with a micromorphological study of 24 thin sections from archaeological deposits and buried soil horizons were performed to evaluate the formation processes of archaeological deposits and paleosols. Soil micromorphology detected the presence of pedofeatures originating from land clearance and agricultural activities from the buried Vertisol. Vertisol and Entisol formation largely resulted from the anthropic impact on the landscape, which changed the trajectories of soil development and caused desertification of the environment. Furthermore, sediment fabric and pedofeatures also allowed us to reconstruct Neolithic domestic practices, showing that household maintenance waste debris, which also included animal penning refusal, was dumped into pit structures. Together, our results provide the first geoarchaeological evidence of human impact on soil development within the island during the Middle Holocene and give new insight into the Middle Neolithic (c. 6500-6000 BP) domestic behaviour and land use activities. These findings have significant implications for understanding the island's pedological history and offer a valuable insight on the settlement organization of the Neolithic farming communities and their impacts on the paleoenvironment of Sardinia.
Stability analysis and evaluation of surrounding rock of ultra-deep shaft under complicated geological conditions
Authors: Hou Kuikui , Zhu Mingde , Hao Yingjie , Yin Yantian , An Long
Published: July 2023

The construction of deep underground engineering is greatly influenced by complex geological conditions such as high stress, faults, and fracture zones, which significantly affects the stability of the project. Taking the construction of 1,915-m-deep shaft in Sanshandao Gold Mine as the engineering background, which passes through many different strata and multiple fracture zones, the stability evaluation and failure zone prediction during its excavation under the influence of high stress, uneven strata, and fault structure are studied. Results show that the range of the failure zone increases significantly when the shaft passes through the fracture zone or different lithologies, and the maximum depth is 5.28 m. When the distance between the rock mass in the borehole and the excavation face is greater than 48 m, the disturbance superposition effect basically disappears. This paper provides theoretical and data support for the design and construction of the kilometer-deep shaft in Sanshandao Gold Mine.
Fertilization restructures nematode assemblages by modifying soil pH in croplands of Northeast China
Authors: Li Chunlin , Wang Xuefeng , Chen Baoyu , Wang Lichun , Xie Zhonglei , Wang Jun , Yang Zhenming
Published: July 2023

Fertilization is an effective measure to ensure crop yield and food security in modern intensive agriculture. However, the long-term application of mineral fertilizers may lead to soil acidification, consequently affecting soil organisms. Few studies have focused on the effects of mineral fertilizer application on nematode assemblages in various soil types. Soil chemical properties and nematode assemblages were investigated in seven fields at the China Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring Site in Jilin Province, China, to determine the relationship between soil properties (especially soil pH) and soil nematode assemblages and evaluate the effects of mineral fertilizer application on different soil types (e.g., luvisols, fluvisols, gleysols, phaeozems, and chernozems). In all the fields, the soil pH was 0.06–1.00 units lower in the fertilized plots than in the control plots. A total of 8,230 nematode individuals representing 21 nematode genera were identified, with Paraphelenchus being the most abundant genus (relative abundance of 27.93%). Plant parasites were the leading trophic group, accounting for over 50% of the nematode assemblage. For phaeozems, the abundance of total nematodes and the relative abundance of plant parasites were lower in the fertilized plots than in the control plots. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to distinguish the structures of the nematode assemblages after fertilization in fluvisols and phaeozems but not in the other types of soil. Soil pH was significantly correlated with the nematode assemblage in phaeozems compared to the different soil types. These results demonstrate that the long-term application of mineral fertilizers can lead to soil acidification and negatively affect cropland soil nematode assemblages.
Feature selection and association rule learning identify risk factors of malnutrition among Ethiopian schoolchildren
Authors: Russel William A. , Perry Jim , Bonzani Claire , Dontino Amanda , Mekonnen Zeleke , Ay Ahmet , Taye Bineyam
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Previous studies have sought to identify risk factors for malnutrition in populations of schoolchildren, depending on traditional logistic regression methods. However, holistic machine learning (ML) approaches are emerging that may provide a more comprehensive analysis of risk factors.

Methods

This study employed feature selection and association rule learning ML methods in conjunction with logistic regression on epidemiological survey data from 1,036 Ethiopian school children. Our first analysis used the entire dataset and then we reran this analysis on age, residence, and sex population subsets.

Results

Both logistic regression and ML methods identified older childhood age as a significant risk factor, while females and vaccinated individuals showed reduced odds of stunting. Our machine learning analyses provided additional insights into the data, as feature selection identified that age, school latrine cleanliness, large family size, and nail trimming habits were significant risk factors for stunting, underweight, and thinness. Association rule learning revealed an association between co-occurring hygiene and socio-economical variables with malnutrition that was otherwise missed using traditional statistical methods.

Discussion

Our analysis supports the benefit of integrating feature selection methods, association rules learning techniques, and logistic regression to identify comprehensive risk factors associated with malnutrition in young children.
Comparison of vaccination and booster rates and their impact on excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in European countries
Authors: Matveeva Olga , Shabalina Svetlana A.
Published: July 2023

Aim

To evaluate the effect of vaccination/booster administration dynamics on the reduction of excess mortality during COVID-19 infection waves in European countries.

Methods

We selected twenty-nine countries from the OurWorldInData project database according to their population size of more than one million and the availability of information on dominant SARS-CoV-2 variants during COVID-19 infection waves. After selection, we categorized countries according to their “faster” or “slower” vaccination rates. The first category included countries that reached 60% of vaccinated residents by October 2021 and 70% by January 2022. The second or “slower” category included all other countries. In the first or “faster” category, two groups, “boosters faster’’ and “boosters slower” were created. Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression, and chi-square test for categorical data were used to identify the association between vaccination rate and excess mortality. We chose time intervals corresponding to the dominance of viral variants: Wuhan, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron BA.1/2.

Results and discussion

The “faster” countries, as opposed to the “slower” ones, did better in protecting their residents from mortality during all periods of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and even before vaccination. Perhaps higher GDP per capita contributed to their better performance throughout the pandemic. During mass vaccination, when the Delta variant prevailed, the contrast in mortality rates between the “faster” and “slower” categories was strongest. The average excess mortality in the “slower” countries was nearly 5 times higher than in the “faster” countries, and the odds ratio (OR) was 4.9 (95% CI 4.4 to 5.4). Slower booster rates were associated with significantly higher mortality during periods dominated by Omicron BA.1 and BA.2, with an OR of 2.6 (CI 95%. 2.1 to 3.3). Among the European countries we analyzed, Denmark, Norway, and Ireland did best, with a pandemic mortality rate of 0.1% of the population or less. By comparison, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Russia had a much higher mortality rate of up to 1% of the population.

Conclusion

Thus, slow vaccination and booster administration was a major factor contributing to an order of magnitude higher excess mortality in “slower” European countries compared to more rapidly immunized countries.