bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Settling at Keswick: Affective Bioregionalism in Southey Country
Authors: Taylor Joanna E.
Published: September 2020

This article explores how Keswick, a market town in the northern Lake District, became the locus for Southey’s development of his own poetic landscape. In particular, it argues that Southey’s representations of Keswick—the most significant tourist destination in the Romantic-era Lake District—counterpointed the development in the south Lakes of Wordsworthshire, the area around Grasmere and Ambleside that Wordsworth was explicitly claiming as his poetic ground. But, this article suggests, whereas the cultural-geographical legacies of Wordsworthshire were based on texts that advocated what Keats termed the “egotistical sublime,” Southey Country prioritised social interaction. This article explores how Southey’s Lake District was based on texts that emphasised bonds between family and friends that were firmly tied to key locations, particularly his home at Greta Hall and the waterfall at Lodore. In doing so, this article posits a new reading of Lakeland Romanticism that situates this Lake Poet at the centre of a trans-historical community.
Does the Use of Cell Phones and Headphones at the Signalised Pedestrian Crossings Increase the Risk of Accident?
Authors: Wachnicka Joanna , Kulesza Karol
Published: September 2020

Reduction of the number of fatalities among pedestrians remains a topical issue in Poland. For many years, this percentage has remained at around 30% of all those who were killed on the road. At the same time, there is an increase in the use of electronic devices by pedestrians and cyclists that may affect their perception when crossing the road. This can lead to traffic accidents. In order to investigate the problem, field studies were carried out and their results are presented in the article. Pilot studies on pedestrian and cyclist behaviour were carried out at three pedestrian crossings with traffic lights in Gdansk. Attention was paid to whether pedestrians and cyclists use headphones when crossing the road, whether they are talking on the phone or writing SMS. The results of the research indicate that currently in Gdańsk about 10% of unprotected traffic users use a telephone and 5% use headphones at pedestrian crossings. Most of them are young people, 70–90% of all users. Women prefer using headphones more than men. Pedestrians exhibited dangerous behaviour involving entering the road at a red light regardless of the use of telephones and headphones. Therefore, as part of the studies described, it cannot be clearly stated whether the use of telephones and headphones increases the risk of being the victim of an accident. Due to the lack of separate statistics with accidents involving mobile phones and headsets, it was not possible to analyse statistical data in this respect. At the same time, research confirmed traffic disruptions at the crossings, caused by telephone users, as indicated in literature.
Asociación entre el consumo de Cannabis y el riesgo de suicidio en adolescentes escolarizados de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Campo-Arias Adalberto , Suárez-Colorado Yuly Paola , Caballero-Domínguez Carmen Cecilia
Published: September 2020

Introducción. La prevalencia del consumo de Cannabis sigue en aumento en el mundo, especialmente, entre adolescentes. Dicho consumo se sobrepone al de cigarrillos y otras sustancias lícitas e ilícitas, y se ha asociado con síntomas depresivos e incremento del riesgo suicida. En el contexto colombiano poco se conoce sobre la relación entre el consumo de Cannabis y el riesgo de suicidio.Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación entre el consumo de Cannabis y el riesgo suicida en adolescentes escolarizados de Santa Marta, Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal con una muestra probabilística de estudiantes de media vocacional entre los 13 y los 17 años de edad en colegios oficiales y privados. Se indagó sobre el consumo de Cannabis alguna vez en la vida y se cuantificó el riesgo suicida con la Center for Epidemiologic Studies on Depression Scale. Las puntuaciones superiores a ocho se categorizaron como riesgo suicida elevado. Se estimó la razón de oportunidad (OR) cruda y la ajustada.Resultados. Participaron 1.462 estudiantes. La media para la edad fue de 14,4 años (desviación estándar, DE=0,8) y el 60,3 % correspondía a mujeres. La prevalencia del consumo de Cannabis alguna vez en la vida fue del 11,6 % (IC95% 10,0-13,2) y el 13,3 % (IC95% 11,6-15,0) de los estudiantes presentó riesgo suicida elevado. El consumo de Cannabis se asoció con dicho riesgo ajustado por otras variables (OR=1,88; IC95% 1,23-2,88).Conclusiones. El consumo de Cannabis se asoció con el riesgo suicida elevado en adolescentes escolarizados de Santa Marta, Colombia.
Prevalencia de Chlamydia trachomatis en la población femenina asintomática atendida en los servicios de citología cervical de tres instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud en Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Orozco-Hoyos Nataly , Baena Armando , Montoya-Ruiz Carolina , Sánchez Gloria I. , Restrepo Eliana
Published: September 2020

Introducción. La infección de transmisión sexual causada por Chlamydia trachomatis es la más frecuente de etiología bacteriana en el mundo. Aunque puede ser asintomática en la mayoría de los casos, C. trachomatis puede generar diversos problemas de salud reproductiva en mujeres, como cervicitis, endometritis y salpingitis. A pesar de su importancia, en Medellín no se cuenta con suficientes datos epidemiológicos sobre esta infección.Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de C. trachomatis en mujeres de Medellín, determinar los posibles factores de riesgo y evaluar la relación con la infección por el virus de papiloma humano (HPV).Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal multicéntrico para detectar la infección por C. trachomatis en 1.282 mujeres mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) convencional y el estuche comercial LightMix 480 HT CT/NG™ (Roche, Basilea, Suiza).Resultados. La prevalencia total de la infección por C. trachomatis fue de 4,1 % (IC95% 2,9-5,3). Se encontró una relación significativa de la infección con la edad, el consumo de cigarrillo y el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales.Conclusión. La prevalencia de la infección es similar a la reportada en otros lugares del país y del mundo, siendo las mujeres más jóvenes las más afectadas. En cuanto a la presentación del HPV, no se encontró ningún tipo de relación con C. trachomatis.
Caracterización de pacientes con hipotiroidismo congénito en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio entre 2001 y 2017
Authors: Peñaloza Lorena , Forero Catalina , Céspedes Camila
Published: September 2020

Introducción. El hipotiroidismo congénito es una causa prevenible de discapacidad cognitiva. Dada la ausencia de signos y síntomas al nacer, es necesario hacer pruebas de tamización para detectarlo. Su incidencia oscila entre uno de cada 2.500 y uno de cada 6.000 nacidos vivos.Objetivo. Describir las características antropométricas y demográficas de los participantes, así como medir la concentración de tirotropina (TSH) en sangre de cordón umbilical y de TSH y tiroxina libre (T4 libre) en el suero de los recién nacidos positivos en la prueba de tamización y de aquellos con hipotiroidismo congénito confirmado.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional retrospectivo de un periodo de 17 años mediante la revisión de los registros de laboratorio clínico y las historias para establecer las características demográficas y antropométricas en el momento del nacimiento.Resultados. Se analizaron 41.494 recién nacidos. Se encontraron 217 (0,52 %) recién nacidos con prueba positiva de tamización, 19 (8,76 %) de ellos con diagnóstico confirmado mediante pruebas séricas (TSH y T4 libre), para una incidencia de uno por cada 2.183 nacidos vivos. El 78,95 % de los casos de hipotiroidismo congénito correspondió a nacidos a término, el promedio de la edad gestacional fue de 37,3 semanas, similar al de quienes no lo presentaban. No hubo diferencia en el promedio de peso ni en la talla al nacer entre los afectados y los no afectados. La concentración de TSH en sangre de cordón umbilical fue significativamente mayor en los casos de hipotiroidismo congénito que en los recién nacidos sanos.Conclusiones. La incidencia de hipotiroidismo congénito fue similar a la encontrada en los estudios consultados. No hubo diferencias clínicas relevantes entre los casos confirmados y los descartados, lo que resalta la pertinencia de la tamización neonatal para el diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento oportuno.
Mobility of Chromium, Copper and Arsenic in Amended Chromated Copper Arsenate Contaminated Soils
Authors: Nakiguli Caroline Kiwanuka , Ojok Walter , Omara Timothy , Wasswa John , Ntambi Emmanuel
Published: September 2020

Aim: The use of copper-based preservatives such as chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and creosote to prolong the life of lumber present environmental concerns because they contain heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are toxic to humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sewage sludge biosolid amendment on the distribution and mobility of chromium, copper and arsenic in chromated copper arsenate contaminated soils subjected to phytoremediation using maize (Zea mays L.).

Place and Duration of the Study: Random composite soil samples from Kitetika wood factory, Wakiso, Uganda and sewage sludge biosolid from National Water and Sewerage Corporation plant in Bugolobi, Kampala, Uganda were collected and prepared. Maize grains were obtained from FICA Seeds Limited (Uganda). The pot experiments and analysis of samples were done at Mbarara University of Science and Technology (Mbarara) and Directorate of Government Analytical Laboratory, Kampala (Uganda), respectively. 

Methodology: The fresh CCA contaminated soils and sewage sludge biosolid were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and heavy metals (chromium, copper and arsenic). Sewage sludge biosolid was added to 1 kg of the contaminated soils at 5-25% (w/w) in 2 L plastic containers, watered and maintained at 25 ℃ for 14 days to stabilize. Controls were set up with unamended soils. Thereafter, maize was planted in the potted soils for 40 days. The concentrations of the trace metals in the soils were determined after 20 and 40 days of maize growth by atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Results: The concentrations of chromium, copper and arsenic in fresh CCA contaminated soils were 365.8 ± 6.18 mg/kg, 109.72 ± 14.04 mg/kg and 28.22 ± 3.8 mg/kg, respectively. Basing on mobility factor, bioavailability of the trace metals followed the chemical sequence copper (8.9%) < chromium (17.1%) < arsenic (30.2%).

Conclusion: The maize variety experimented could be used to phytoextract or phytostabilize the trace metals in the CCA contaminated soils without or with 5-25% amendment. Amendment with sewage sludge biosolid improved the phytoremediation potential of maize. Arsenic was the most mobile and bioavailable metal in CCA contaminated soils. Further studies should use other local maize varieties such as Longe series.
Two-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) of the Effect of Parity on Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area of Pregnant Women
Authors: Happiness Inamete, Emem Ndah , Emmanuel Biu, O.
Published: September 2020

Aims: In the determination of the effect of Parity on Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Surface Area (BSA).

Study Design: Pregnant Women Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Surface Area (BSA) measurements, Number were used in this study.

Place and Duration of Study: The data on the various measurements on pregnant women were collected from the Radiology department of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.

Methodology: The Two-way Classification Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was employed to obtain the MANOVA test statistics for Wilk’s, Pillai, Lawley-Hotelling and Roy’s Largest Root.

Results: Results showed that the MANOVA test statistics for Wilk’s statistics showed no significant effect for the Parity level categorized on BMI (Factor A) and the Parity level categorized on BMI and BSA (Factor AB), while Lawley-Hotelling Root test showed no significant effect for the effect of the Parity level categorized on BSA (Factor B). However, two MANOVA test statistics (Pillai and Roy’s Largest Root statistics) gave significant effect on BMI or BSA or both (or all Factors A, B and AB). These results confirmed that the effect of the Parity level has a significant effect on BMI or BSA or both in terms of the categories (normal, overweight and obese). These results are in agreement with known results by medical practitioners.
The Efficiency of Calcium Boron and Carpox-K Sprays on Fruit Quality of Washington Navel Orange Trees
Authors: Khwaga A. A. EL- , Latif F. M. Abd El- , Baiea M. H. M. , Gioushy S. F. EL-
Published: September 2020

This research was conducted during seasons 2018 & 2019 on nine-years-old Washington navel orange trees. These trees were grafted on Sour orange rootstock, planted at 5 x 5 meters apart, under surface irrigation conditions, in a private orchard at Manzala village, Toukh region, Qalubia Governorate, Egypt. The seven treatments were used for comparison as follows: T1-100% of chemical NPK (NPK fertilization program adopted at 5, 3 and 1 kg/tree from (NH4)2SO4, superphosphate and K2SO4, respectively) according to the Ministry of Agriculture Recommendation (Control or recommended doses RD). T2-RD+Calcium boron 2 cm3 /L; T3-RD+Calcium boron 3 cm3/L; T4-RD+Carpox-K 1g/L; T5-RD+Carpox-K 1.5g/L; T6-RD+Calcium boron 2 cm3 /L +Carpox-K 1g/L, and T7-RD+Calcium boron 3 cm3/L +Carpox-K 1.5g/L.  The main goal of this investigation was directed towards increasing Washington navel orange fruit quality. The obtained data revealed that all investigated treatments increased fruit quality parameters (physical and chemical properties). However, T7- RD + Calcium boron 3 cm3 /L + Carpox-K 1.5g/L was statistically superior. On the contrary, T1- Control or recommended doses (RD) ranked statistically the lowest treatment in this concern. From the obtained results, It can be concluded that the use of RD+ Calcium boron 3 cm3 / L + Carpox-K 1.5g / L or RD+ Calcium boron 2 cm3/ L + Carpox-K 1g / L could be safely recommended under similar environmental and horticultural practises adopted in this experiment.
Bing-Neel Syndrome – A Challenging Diagnosis: Case Report
Authors: Davidkova Y. , Simonoski N. , Spassov B. , Balatzenko G. , Guenova M.
Published: September 2020

Bing-Neel syndrome is a rare neurologic complication of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, characterized by infiltration of the central nervous system by clonal lymphoplasmacytes. We present a rare clinical case of a patient, who one year after the diagnosis of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, progressed with diverse neurologic presentation and cerebrospinal fluid involvement. The diagnosis was based on magnetic resonance imaging and flow cytometry detection of clonal B-cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. Bing-Neel syndrome should be considered in patients with neurologic symptoms and a history of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia.
Aspects of the Chemical Energetics of Species with Carbon–Boron Bonds and Related Compounds
Authors: Slayden Suzanne W. , Liebman Joel F.
Published: September 2020

In this chapter, we discuss selected energetics and thermochemical aspects of species with carbon–boron bonds. Although they lack a carbon–boron bond, atomic boron, its anion, and binary metal borides—the hypothetical alkali metal borides MB—and structurally complex metal borides are briefly introduced. Consideration of species with carbon–boron bonds begins with binary species such as the gas‐phase diatomic BC and the solid B
4
C and proceeds to the highly reactive methyl and phenyl derivatives of univalent borylene, BH. The question of regular behavior as homologous series is addressed for the relatively stable and long‐known classes of compounds, trialkylboranes and carboranes, with their normal (threefold) and higher boron‐coordination numbers. Trivalent boron and nitrogen species are then compared, first as organoboranes and amines, then as their organoborate and ammonium ions, and also as their “dimer” anions and cations. Pyridine borane complexes are likewise discussed and compared with benzene derivatives. Species with boron in the ring, borabenzenes and their amine complexes, are much more poorly understood. However, aromatic derivatives with both boron and nitrogen in the ring have evinced considerable interest, and the derivatives of the isomeric 1,2‐, 1,3‐, and 1,4‐azaborinines are described at some length. The chapter closes with species that contain oxygen along with boron, carbon, and hydrogen. Borane carbonyl (BH
3
CO), boronic acid derivatives, and boroxines are discussed.
Reentrant Spin Glass and Large Coercive Field Observed in a Spin Integer Dimerized Honeycomb Lattice
Authors: Zhai Yuan‐Qi , Deng Yi‐Fei , Fu Zhendong , Feng Erxi , Su Yixi , Shiga Takuya , Oshio Hiroki , Zheng Yan‐Zhen
Published: September 2020

2D magnetic materials with dimerized honeycomb lattices can be treated as mixed‐spin square lattices, in which a quantum phase transition may occur to realize the Bose–Einstein condensation of magnons under reachable experimental conditions. However, this has never been successfully realized with integer spin centers. Herein, a spin integer (S = 2) dimerized honeycomb lattice in an iron(II)‐azido compound [Fe(4‐etpy)2(N3)2]n (FEN, 4‐etpy = 4‐ethylpyridine) is realized. Morphology characterization by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy spectroscopies show that the thinnest place of the sample is ≈13 nm, which is equal to ten layers of the compound. In contrast to the common magnetic properties of long‐range magnetic ordering, Mössbauer and polarized neutron scattering studies reveal that FEN exhibits a reentrant spin glass behavior owing to competing ferro‐ and antiferromagnetic exchange‐coupling interactions within the lattice. Two spin glass phases with disparate canting angles are characterized at 39 and 28 K, respectively. By using Curély's model, two exchange‐coupling constants (J1 = +35.8 cm−1 and J2 = −3.7 cm−1) can be simulated. Moreover, a very large coercive field of ≈1.9 Tesla is observed at 2 K, making FEN a “very hard” van der Waals 2D magnetic material.
Digital Laser Micropainting for Reprogrammable Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Lee Younggeun , Kwon Jinhyeong , Lim Jaemook , Shin Wooseop , Park Sewoong , Hwang Eunseung , Shin Jaeho , Cho Hyunmin , Jung Jinwook , Kim Hyun‐Jong , Han Seungyong , Lee Habeom , Son Yong , Ha Cheol Woo , Prabhakaran Prem , Yeo Junyeob , Ko Seung Hwan , Hong Sukjoon
Published: September 2020

Structural coloration is closely related to the progress of innovative optoelectronic applications, but the absence of direct, on‐demand, and rewritable coloration schemes has impeded advances in the relevant area, particularly including the development of customized, reprogrammable optoelectronic devices. To overcome these limitations, a digital laser micropainting technique, based on controlled thin‐film interference, is proposed through direct growth of the absorbing metal oxide layer on a metallic reflector in the solution environment via a laser. A continuous‐wave laser simultaneously performs two functions—a photothermal reaction for site‐selective metal oxide layer growth and in situ real‐time monitoring of its thickness—while the reflection spectrum is tuned in a broad visible spectrum according to the laser fluence. The scalability and controllability of the proposed scheme is verified by laser‐printed painting, while altering the thickness via supplementary irradiation of the identical laser in the homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions facilitates the modification of the original coloration. Finally, the proof‐of‐concept bolometer device verifies that specific wavelength‐dependent photoresponsivity can be assigned, erased, and reassigned by the successive application of the proposed digital laser micropainting technique, which substantiates its potential to offer a new route for reprogrammable optoelectronic applications.
Cucurbiturils‐Mediated Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Applications in Sensing, SERS, Theranostics, and Catalysis
Authors: Tan Li‐Li , Wei Mengying , Shang Li , Yang Ying‐Wei
Published: September 2020

Noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs), which spring up like mushrooms, are gaining momentum owing to their unique physicochemical characteristics. Cucurbiturils, a class of synthetic macrocycles with intriguing and peculiar host–guest properties, have stimulated tremendous research interest in recent years. The marriage of NMNPs with cucurbiturils is expected to integrate and enhance the excellent characteristics of both components, e.g., precisely controlled particle size, stability, assembly, surface functionality, biocompatibility, tunable optical properties, and high catalytic activities. This review systematically outlines the recent progress on the fabricating strategies and important applications of cucurbiturils‐mediated NMNPs in sensing, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, theranostics, and catalysis. A brief outlook on the future development of cucurbiturils‐mediated NMNPs is also presented.
Recent Progress in Engineering the Atomic and Electronic Structure of Electrocatalysts via Cation Exchange Reactions
Authors: Ling Tao , Jaroniec Mietek , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: September 2020

In the past few decades, tremendous advances have been made in electrocatalysis due to the rational design of electrocatalysts at the nanoscale level. Further development requires engineering electrocatalysts at the atomic level, which is a grand challenge. Here, the recent advances in cation exchange strategy, which is a powerful tool for fine‐tuning atomic structure of electrocatalysts via surface faceting, heteroatom doping, defects formation, and strain modulation, are the main focus. Proper atomic structure engineering effectively adjusts the electronic structure, and thus enhances the electronic conductivity and facilitates the adsorption/desorption of reaction intermediates. By virtue, the cation exchange strategy greatly boosts the intrinsic and apparent activities of electrocatalysts and shows a great potential toward design of new energy conversion devices, such as water splitting devices and metal–air batteries. It is believed that cation exchange offers new insights and opportunities for the rational design of a new generation of electrocatalysts.
Bubble Control, Levitation, and Manipulation Using Dielectrophoresis
Authors: Brown Carl V. , Edwards Andrew M. J. , Roberts Abigail , Newton Michael I. , Sage Ian C. , Ledesma‐Aguilar Rodrigo , McHale Glen
Published: September 2020

Bubbles attached to surfaces are ubiquitous in nature and in industry. However, bubbles are problematic in important technologies, including causing damage to the operation of microfluidic devices and being parasitic during heat transfer processes, so considerable efforts have been made to develop mechanical and electrical methods to remove bubbles from surfaces. In this work, liquid dielectrophoresis is used to force a captive air bubble to detach away from an inverted solid surface and, crucially, the detached bubble is then held stationary in place below the surface at a distance controlled by the voltage. In this “levitated” state, the bubble is separated from the surface by liquid layer with a voltage‐selected thickness at which the dielectrophoresis force exactly counterbalances the gravitational buoyancy force. The techniques described here provide exceptional command over repeatable cycles of bubble detachment, levitation, and reattachment. A theoretical analysis is presented that explains the observed detachment–reattachment hysteresis in which bubble levitation is maintained with voltages in an order of magnitude lower than those used to create detachment. The precision surface bubble removal and control concepts are relevant to situations such as nucleate boiling and microgravity environments and offer an approach toward “wall‐less” bubble microfluidic devices.
Tunable Near‐ to Far‐Infrared Optical Breakdown in Nonlinear Interactions of Ultrashort Laser Pulses with Water Microdroplets in Ambient Air
Authors: Rudenko Anton , Moloney Jerome V.
Published: September 2020

Intense laser pulse propagation results in excitation and partial or complete ionization of aerosols and water microdroplets in the atmosphere. While the problems of light scattering by particles and laser‐induced breakdown in bulk water have been investigated in depth, nonlinear interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with microdroplets has been barely covered for a wide range of droplet distributions and wavelengths from visible to long‐wave infrared, relevant for laser breakdown spectroscopy, optical communications, and biomedical applications. Herein, detailed investigation of transient optical response and ionization processes is performed by coupling full‐vector nonlinear Maxwell and plasma kinetics equations in water and in ambient air. Such a self‐consistent approach unravels a variety of nonlinear processes occurring during laser‐droplet interactions such as extreme electron plasma confinement, nanofocusing and nanoshadowing inside water droplets, as well as plasma shielding and restriction on the maximum intensities attained in photonic nanojet and laser‐produced free carriers in the surrounding air. The numerical results provide and explain dependencies of the damage threshold on laser wavelengths and droplet sizes in a reasonable agreement with available experimental results.
KEAP1 Mutations Drive Tumorigenesis by Suppressing SOX9 Ubiquitination and Degradation
Authors: Shao Na , Huang Hong , Idris Muhammad , Peng Xu , Xu Feng , Dong Shiwu , Liu Chungang
Published: September 2020

The transcription factor SOX9 is frequently amplified in diverse advanced‐stage human tumors. Its stability has been shown to be tightly controlled by ubiquitination‐dependent proteasome degradation. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This work reports that SOX9 protein abundance is regulated by the Cullin 3‐based ubiquitin ligase KEAP1 via proteasome‐mediated degradation. Loss‐of‐function mutations in KEAP1 compromise polyubiquitination‐mediated SOX9 degradation, leading to increased protein levels, which facilitate tumorigenesis. Moreover, the loss of critical ubiquitination residues in SOX9, by either a SOX9 (ΔK2) truncation or K249R mutation, leads to elevated protein stability. Furthermore, it is shown that the KEAP1/SOX9 interaction is modulated by CKIγ‐mediated phosphorylation. Importantly, it is demonstrated that DNA damage drugs, topoisomerase inhibitors, can trigger CKI activation to restore the KEAP1/SOX9 interaction and its consequent degradation. Collectively, herein the findings uncover a novel molecular mechanism through which SOX9 protein stability is negatively regulated by KEAP1 to control tumorigenesis. Thus, these results suggest that mitigating SOX9 resistance to KEAP1‐mediated degradation can represent a novel therapeutic strategy for cancers with KEAP1 mutations.
Recent Progress and Perspective of Advanced High‐Energy Co‐Less Ni‐Rich Cathodes for Li‐Ion Batteries: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Authors: Choi Ji Ung , Voronina Natalia , Sun Yang‐Kook , Myung Seung‐Taek
Published: September 2020

With the ever‐increasing requirement for high‐energy density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) to drive pure/hybrid electric vehicles (EVs), considerable attention has been paid to the development of cathode materials with high energy densities because they ultimately determine the energy density of LIBs. Notably, the cost of cathode materials is still the main obstacle hindering the extensive application of EVs, with the cost accounting for 40% of the total cost of fabricating LIBs. Therefore, enhancing the energy density and simultaneously decreasing the cost of LIBs are essential for the success of EV/hybrid EV industries. Among the existing commercial cathodes, Ni‐rich layered cathodes are widely employed because of their high energy density, relatively good rate capability, and reasonable cycling performance. Ni‐rich layered cathodes containing Co are now being reconsidered due to the increasing price of Co, which is much higher than that of Ni and Mn. In this report, the recent developments and strategies in the improvement of the stabilities of the bulk and surface for Co‐less Ni‐rich layered cathode materials are reviewed.
Mn2+ Ions Confined by Electrode Microskin for Aqueous Battery beyond Intercalation Capacity
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhi Jian , Sedighi Mina , Han Mei , Shi Qiuyu , Wu Yan , Chen P.
Published: September 2020

In aqueous rechargeable zinc–manganese dioxide batteries (ZMBs), some irreversible side reactions, such as Mn2+ dissolution, often lead to capacity fading over cycling. These side reactions play a crucial role in the capacity and cycle performance of the battery. The implementation of a bionic electrode microskin (EMS) composed of collagen hydrolysate to convert the irreversible side reactions into reversible reactions is reported. The proposed EMS effectively adsorbs and confines the Mn2+ ions around the cathode through van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, and/or ionic interactions, which makes the MnO2/Mn2+ reactions reversible during the charge/discharge process. Such Mn2+ dissolution reactions, with an ultrahigh theoretical capacity (617 mAh g‐1), contribute a large amount of capacity, ≈44% of the total specific capacity at a low scan rate. Based on these fundamental findings, the assembled ZMBs with an EMS display an unprecedented discharge capacity of 415 mAh g‐1 at 20 mA g‐1, which overcomes the theoretical capacity (308 mAh g‐1) limitation of the Zn2+ intercalation mechanism. More significantly, the EMS on all α‐, β‐, and γ‐MnO2 cathodes exhibits similar high capacity beyond the theoretical capacity of Zn intercalation and capacity retention enhancement after 3000 cycles.
Formation of NiCo Alloy Nanoparticles on Co Doped Al2O3 Leads to High Fuel Production Rate, Large Light‐to‐Fuel Efficiency, and Excellent Durability for Photothermocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wu Shaowen , Li Yuanzhi , Zhang Qian , Hu Qianqian , Wu Jichun , Zhou Chongyang , Zhao Xiujian
Published: September 2020

Unique nanocomposites of NiCo alloy nanoparticles with Ni/Co molar ratios of 1.86, 1.60, and 0.38 supported on Co‐doped Al2O3 nanosheets are prepared by a facile approach. Very high fuel production rates of CO (rCO) and H2 (rH2) (70.53 and 63.46 mmol min−1 g−1) and light‐to‐fuel efficiency (η, 29.7%) are achieved via photothermocatalytic CO2 reduction by methane (CRM) on Ni1.60Co/Co‐Al2O3 simply utilizing focused UV‐visible‐infrared (UV‐vis‐IR) illumination. Ni1.60Co/Co‐Al2O3 also demonstrates high rCO and rH2 values (50.99 and 39.72 mmol min−1 g−1) as well as high η value (26.3%) under λ > 560 nm focused vis‐IR illumination. The high photothermocatalytic activity is derived from the light‐driven thermocatalytic CRM. A novel photoactivation is found to substantially promote the light‐driven thermocatalytic CRM due to the apparent activation energy being considerably reduced upon illumination. It is found that the Ni/Co molar ratio in the NiCo/Co‐Al2O3 samples has an important effect on the photothermocatalytic durability. The samples of Ni1.60Co/Co‐Al2O3 and Ni1.86Co/Co‐Al2O3 with a higher Ni/Co molar ratio demonstrate excellent photothermocatalytic durability, while the Ni0.38Co/Co‐Al2O3 with a lower Ni/Co molar ratio has less durability. This is attributed to carbon deposition rate being significantly reduced on Ni1.60Co/Co‐Al2O3 and Ni1.86Co/Co‐Al2O3 as compared to its single metal counterparts.
The Economics of Groundwater Governance Institutions across the Globe
Authors: Edwards Eric C. , Guilfoos Todd
Published: September 2020

This article provides an economic framework for understanding the emergence and purpose of groundwater governance across the globe. We examine ten basins located on six continents via an integrated assessment along three dimensions: characteristics of the groundwater resource; externality problems; and governance institutions. Groundwater governance addresses local externalities to balance the benefits of reducing common pool losses with the costs of doing so. While broad, basin‐wide solutions to open access pumping are limited, spatially localized externality problems raise the benefits of management actions, allowing for the implementation of more stringent pumping controls in certain areas.
Liquid Crystal Polymer‐Based Soft Robots
Authors: Xiao Yao-Yu , Jiang Zhi-Chao , Zhao Yue
Published: September 2020

Soft robots outperform the conventional robots on enhanced safety for human–machine interaction, environmental adaptability, and continuous deformation. In this blooming area of fundamental and technological importance, liquid crystal polymer networks and liquid crystal elastomers (referred to as LCNs) have emerged as one of the most valuable candidates for soft robots due to their complex, large, and reversible shape change capabilities. To date, much research effort, mainly regarding chemical synthesis, fabrication technologies and soft robot design, has been dedicated to LCN robotic systems to endow them with versatile and complex actions controlled by various stimuli. Herein, starting with the principle that governs the stimuli‐responsiveness of LCNs, recent progress made in LCN soft robots is summarized while focusing on different robotic motions, such as grapping, walking, swimming, and oscillation. Especially, novel LCNs with intelligent functions such as reprocessability, reconfigurability, self‐regulating behavior and associative learning capability, are highlighted. This article aims to provide significant insights into the design and development of LCN‐based soft robots.
Elemental‐Sulfur‐Enabled Divergent Synthesis of Disulfides, Diselenides, and Polythiophenes from β‐CF3‐1,3‐Enynes
Authors: Jin Shengnan , Li Shi‐Jun , Ma Xingxing , Su Jianke , Chen Haohua , Lan Yu , Song Qiuling
Published: September 2020

Divergent synthesis for precise constructions of cyclic unsymmetrical diaryl disulfides or diselenides and polythiophenes from CF3‐containing 1,3‐enynes and S8 was developed when the ortho group is F, Cl, Br, and NO2 on aromatic rings. Meanwhile, disulfides (diselenides) were also quickly constructed when the ortho group is H. These transformations undergo cascade thiophene construction/selective C3‐position thiolation process, featuring simple operations, divergent synthesis, broad substrate scope, readily available starting materials, and valuable products. A novel plausible radical annulation process was proposed and validated by DFT calculations for the first time. A series of derivatizations about the thiophene (TBT) and disulfides were also well‐represented.
Biogenic synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using Boswellia sarrata and their applications in cross‐coupling reactions
Authors: Arde Satyanarayan M. , Rashinkar Gajanan S. , Jadhav Sanjay N. , Patil Audumbar D. , Salunkhe Rajashri S.
Published: September 2020

A facile and green route for biogenic synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) using aqueous extract of nontoxic and renewable Boswellia sarrata leaves is reported. The as‐synthesized PdNPs were systematically characterized by using ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The PdNPs were crystalline and cubic in nature with average particle size of ~6 nm and successfully employed as heterogeneous catalyst in the Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck cross‐coupling reactions. The PdNPs could be recycled up to five times with modest change in the catalytic activity.
Fabrication of electrical and thermal conductive thermoplastic polyurethanes‐based nanocomposite with azide polyurethane as interfacial compatibilizer
Authors: Guo Junyi , Zhang Chen , Zou Wei
Published: September 2020

Electrical and thermal conductive polymers have aroused extensive interest in research recently due to their hi‐tech applications in the fields of novel electronics. A novel electrical and thermal conductive nanocomposite (MWCNTs@PU/TPU) made with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) by using azide polyurethane (PU) as interfacial compatibilizer. The MWNTs could form well‐developed electrical and thermal conductive networks in the TPU matrix. The developed nanocomposite inherited advantageous properties from its constituents, namely the high conductivity and diathermancy from MWNTs, and the high mechanical properties from the TPU. Conductivity tests showed that, compared with neat MWCNTs/TPU, the electrical conductivity of MWCNTs@PU/TPU was significantly enhanced (up to 3.4 × 10−6S/cm), with incorporating only 3.0 wt% MWCNTs@PU. And most importantly, the thermal conductivity was greatly improved by about 46.4% when the MWCNTs@PU loading was 6.0 wt%.
Function and Application of Defect Chemistry in High‐Capacity Electrode Materials for Li‐Based Batteries
Authors: Qiao Zhensong , Lin Liang , Yan Xiaolin , Guo Weibin , Chen Qiulin , Xie Qingshui , Han Xiao , Lin Jie , Wang Laisen , Peng Dong‐Liang
Published: September 2020

Current commercial Li‐based batteries are approaching their energy density limitation, yet still cannot satisfy the energy density demand of the high‐end devices. Hence, it is critical to developing advanced electrode materials with high specific capacity. However, these electrode materials are facing challenges of severe structural degradation and fast capacity fading. Among various strategies, constructing defects in electrode materials holds great promise in addressing these issues. Herein, we summarize a series of significant defect engineering in the high‐capacity electrode materials for Li‐based batteries. The detailed retrospective on defects specification, function mechanism, and corresponding application achievements on these electrodes are discussed from the view of point, line, planar, volume defects. Defect engineering can not only stabilize the structure and enhance electric/ionic conductivity, but also act as active sites to improve the ionic storage and bonding ability of electrode materials to Li metal. We hope this review can spark more perspectives on evaluating high‐energy‐density Li‐based batteries.
Interaction of the nitrosyl ruthenium complex [RuII (NH.NHq‐R)(tpy)NO]3+ with human serum albumin: a spectroscopic and computational investigation
Authors: Bessas Naiara Cristina , da Silva Letícia Alves , Comar Júnior Moacyr , de Lima Renata Galvão
Published: September 2020

The interaction between two nitrosyl ruthenium complexes [Ru (NH.NHq–COOH)(tpy)NO](PF6)3 (RuBDQ) and [Ru (NH.NHq–H)(tpy)NO](PF6)3 (RuBD) and human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated using spectroscopic and computational methods. From fluorescence experiments, a dynamic quenching mechanism and binding constants at a single site demonstrated the higher stability of the RuBDQ–HSA system at 308 K compared with RuBD–HSA. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that binding of RuBDQ and RuBD to HSA was mainly driven by hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding, respectively. Synchronous fluorescence and FT‐IR results suggested that interactions between both nitrosyl ruthenium complexes and HSA affected protein conformation. Competition experiments revealed that RuBDQ and RuBD bound to Sudlow sites I and II, respectively. Molecular docking results showed that RuBDQ interacted with Ser‐192 and Ala‐291 residues via hydrogen bonding and polar contact, respectively, whereas RuBD associated with Asn‐391 via a polar interaction. Noncovalent interaction results suggested that van der Waals interactions were the main binding forces for both systems, i.e. RuBDQ associated with Trp‐214 via van der Waals interaction and with Ty‐150 via dipole–dipole bonding, whereas RuBD associated with Tyr‐452 via van der Waals forces. The Asp‐391 residue interacted with the nitrosyl ligand via polar contact and the terpyridine ligand via van der Waals interaction.
A copper‐specific microbial fuel cell biosensor based on riboflavin biosynthesis of engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhou Tuoyu , Li Rong , Zhang Shuting , Zhao Shuai , Sharma Monika , Kulshrestha Saurabh , Khan Aman , Kakade Apurva , Han Huawen , Niu Yongyan , Li Xiangkai
Published: September 2020

Copper pollution poses a serious threat to the aquatic environment; however, in situ analytical methods for copper monitoring are still scarce. In the current study, Escherichia coli Rosetta was genetically modified to express OprF and ribB with promoter Pt7 and PcusC, respectively, which could synthesize porin and senses Cu2+ to produce riboflavin. The cell membrane permeability of this engineered strain was increased and its riboflavin production (1.45–3.56 μM) was positively correlated to Cu2+ (0–0.5 mM). The biosynthetic strain was then employed in microbial fuel cell (MFC) based biosensor. Under optimal operating parameters of pH 7.1 and 37°C, the maximum voltage (248, 295, 333, 352, and 407 mV) of the constructed MFC biosensor showed a linear correlation with Cu2+ concentration (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 mM, respectively; R2 = 0.977). The continuous mode testing demonstrated that the MFC biosensor specifically senses Cu2+ with calculated detection limit of 28 μM, which conforms to the common Cu2+ safety standard (32 μM). The results obtained with the developed biosensor system were consistent with the existing analytical methods such as colorimetry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. In conclusion, this MFC‐based biosensor overcomes the signal conversion and transmission problems of conventional approaches, providing a fast and economic analytical alternative for in situ monitoring of Cu2+ in water.
Australasian ACPGBI risk prediction model for 30-day mortality after colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Wilkins S , Oliva K , Chowdhury E , Ruggiero B , Bennett A , Andrews E J , Dent O , Chapuis P , Platell C , Reid C M , McMurrick P J
Published: September 2020

Background

Postoperative mortality after colorectal cancer surgery varies across hospitals and countries. The aim of this study was to test the Association of Coloproctologists of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI) models as predictors of 30-day mortality in an Australian cohort.

Methods

Data from patients who underwent surgery in six hospitals between 1996 and 2015 (CRC data set) were reviewed to test ACPGBI models, and patients from 79 hospitals in the Bi-National Colorectal Cancer Audit between 2007 and 2016 (BCCA data set) were analysed to validate model performance. Recalibrated models based on ACPGBI risk models were developed, tested and validated on a data set of Australasian patients.

Results

Of 18 752 patients observed during the study, 6727 (CRC data set) and 3814 (BCCA data set) were analysed. The 30-day mortality rate was 1·1 and 3·5 per cent in the CRC and BCCA data sets respectively. Both the original and revised ACPGBI models overestimated 30-day mortality for the CRC data set (observed to expected (O/E) ratio 0·17 and 0·21 respectively). Their ability to correctly predict mortality risk was poor (P < 0·001, Hosmer–Lemeshow test); however, the area under the curve for both models was 0·88 (95 per cent c.i. 0·85 to 0·92) showing good discriminatory power to classify 30-day mortality. The recalibrated original model performed well for calibration and discrimination, whereas the recalibrated revised model performed well for discrimination but not for calibration. Risk prediction was good for both recalibrated models. On external validation using the BCCA data set, the recalibrated models underestimated mortality risk (O/E ratio 3·06 and 2·98 respectively), whereas both original and revised ACPGBI models overestimated the risk (O/E ratio 0·48 and 0·69). All models showed similar good discrimination.

Conclusion

The original and revised ACPGBI models overpredicted risk of 30-day mortality. The new Australasian calibrated ACPGBI model needs to be tested further in clinical practice.
An examination of sustainable development of supply chain using foreignness perspective
Authors: Joardar Arpita , Sarkis Joseph
Published: September 2020

This multidisciplinary paper examines the sustainability of supply chain partners from a foreignness perspective. The arguments draw from the research on institutional theory to explain the underlying mechanisms. We propose and discuss a comprehensive conceptual framework evaluating the relationships of foreignness to economic, social, and environmental sustainability. In addition, we consider contingent factors such as the level of development of supplier's nation, level of global integration of buyer, and type of industry, on sustainable development of focal firms. The direct and contingency frameworks introduced in this paper are presented along with research propositions that provide valuable insight into the sustainable supply chain management from the international business perspective.
Association between patient‐initiated emails and overall 2‐year survival in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: Evidence from the real‐world setting
Authors: Coquet Jean , Blayney Douglas W. , Brooks James D. , Hernandez‐Boussard Tina
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Prior studies suggest email communication between patients and providers may improve patient engagement and health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patient‐initiated emails are associated with overall survival benefits among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Patients and methods

We identified patient‐initiated emails through the patient portal in electronic health records (EHR) among 9900 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy between 2013 and 2018. Email users were defined as patients who sent at least one email 12 months before to 2 months after chemotherapy started. A propensity score‐matched cohort analysis was carried out to reduce bias due to confounding (age, primary cancer type, gender, insurance payor, ethnicity, race, stage, income, Charlson score, county of residence). The cohort included 3223 email users and 3223 non‐email users. The primary outcome was overall 2‐year survival stratified by email use. Secondary outcomes included number of face‐to‐face visits, prescriptions, and telephone calls. The healthcare teams’ response to emails and other forms of communication was also investigated. Finally, a quality measure related to chemotherapy‐related inpatient and emergency department visits was evaluated.

Results

Overall 2‐year survival was higher in patients who were email users, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.80 (95 CI 0.72–0.90; p < 0.001). Email users had higher rates of healthcare utilization, including face‐to‐face visits (63 vs. 50; p < 0.001), drug prescriptions (28 vs. 21; p < 0.001), and phone calls (18 vs. 16; p < 0.001). Clinical quality outcome measure of inpatient use was better among email users (p = 0.015).

Conclusion

Patient‐initiated emails are associated with a survival benefit among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and may be a proxy for patient engagement. As value‐based payment models emphasize incorporating the patients’ voice into their care, email communications could serve as a novel source of patient‐generated data.
Guselkumab for hidradenitis suppurativa in a patient with concomitant Crohn’s disease: Report and systematic literature review of effectiveness and safety
Authors: Jørgensen Astrid‐Helene Ravn , Holm Jesper Grønlund , Thomsen Simon Francis
Published: September 2020

Guselkumab appears to be safe and effective in the treatment of patients with HS, who do not respond to adalimumab and other systemic therapies. Guselkumab can be used in patients with comorbid Crohn's disease.
A Danish case of bleomycin‐induced flagellate erythema
Authors: Soerensen Christian A. S. , Uldall Pallesen Kristine Appel
Published: September 2020

Patients who are undergoing treatment with bleomycin and develop prurigo or rash should be suspected of bleomycin‐induced flagellate erythema and treated early with antihistamines, topical, and oral corticosteroids.