bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NIVEL DE ESTRUCTURACIÓN DE CONCEPTOS DE QUÍMICA EN ESTUDIANTES QUE INGRESAN EN EL PRIMER SEMESTRE DE INGENIERÍA DEL PETRÓLEO EN LA UPSE
Authors: Martínez Santana Manuel , Mejía Quintero Marisol , Lorenzo García Erica
Published: July 2017

En la UPSE ingresa cada año un contingente de aproximadamente 60-65 estudiantes que aspira graduarse como Ingenieros en Petróleo. El análisis de asociaciones de términos químicos en estos alumnos al inicio de la carrera provee información acerca del grado de estructuración de los conocimientos previos que manejan en el área de la Química. Fue aplicado un instrumento de evaluación de asociaciones a un conjunto de 25 estudiantes del primer semestre de la Carrera de Ingeniería del Petróleo, justo en su primer día de clases, con el fin de establecer el nivel de estructuración del conocimiento previo en Química que traen del Instituto. Se detectan muy pocas asociaciones estadísticamente significativas, siendo la más relevante la identificación de elementos químicos; se evidencian asociaciones más débiles vinculadas alrededor de los conceptos del átomo y de disoluciones. La única agrupación o clúster de términos asociados la conforman los términos Potasio-Elemento-Metálico-Polar-Enlace. La ausencia de bi-direccionalidad en la evocación de los términos sugiere que los conocimientos están aun pobremente estructurados. La ausencia de asociaciones significativas con la acepción de mol deja patente las grandes dificultades que luego muestran los estudiantes universitarios para los cálculos estequiométricos.
LEYENDAS PENINSULARES PARA MEJORAR LA COMPRENSIÓN AUDITIVA EN LA ENSEÑANZA DEL IDIOMA INGLÉS
Authors: Guillén Muñoz Cindy , González Reyes Sara , Pinoargote Parra Glenda
Published: July 2017

La comprensión auditiva juega un papel muy importante en el desarrollo de las otras habilidades del lenguaje: comprensión lectora, expresión escrita, y expresión oral.   El objetivo principal de la investigación es mejorar la comprensión auditiva en inglés como idioma extranjero de los estudiantes del Noveno Grado de la Escuela “Antonio José de Suche”, una institución educativa ubicada en Pechiche, Parroquia Chanduy, Cantón  Santa Elena. Este estudio fue desarrollado cualitativa y cuantitativamente, a través de entrevistas y encuestas, para determinar si los profesores de inglés aplicaban una buena herramienta al momento de ejercitar la comprensión auditiva en clase. Como conclusión, se estableció que la mayoría de los docentes no aplican herramientas que ayuden al desarrollo de esta habilidad.  Con los resultados obtenidos, se tomó la decisión de diseñar una propuesta para la creación de un Audiolibro denominado Santa Elena Folktales con el objetivo de mejorar la comprensión auditiva de los estudiantes. El Audiolibro fue aplicado a la muestra de estudio tomada por la investigadora. El proceso de implementación tuvo una duración de dos semanas, con un total de doce sesiones en las cuales el nivel de comprensión auditiva era evaluado sesión a sesión.  Los resultados fueron analizados de acuerdo a los valores obtenidos en cada sesión y se obtuvo un 30% de incremento sobre el nivel inicial.  Se demuestra así, que mediante la aplicación del Audiolibro “Santa Elena Folktales” se pudo mejorar el nivel de comprensión auditiva de los estudiantes.
LA LUDOMOTRICIDAD EN EL PROCESO COGNITIVO DE LOS NIÑOS DE PRIMER GRADO DE EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA, CANTÓN LA LIBERTAD
Authors: Salazar Arango Edwar , Uribe Veintimilla Ana María , Tomalá Chavarría Mónica Dolores
Published: July 2017

La educación integral, como pilar del sistema educativo ecuatoriano, establece potenciar el aprendizaje a través de experiencias vivenciales y significativas que se deben dar en ambientes adecuados y estimulantes; brindando un norte para justificar el presente artículo que constituye un análisis de la pedagogía lúdica y la psicomotricidad como una herramienta de mediación social – educativa, en que la relación psicosomática entre las acciones motoras, las respuestas psíquicas del aprendizaje, las emociones o sentimientos en una resonancia afectiva, crean el escenario para una combinación de componentes del desarrollo integral, enfocado a la educación formal o escolarizada. Por tal motivo, se direcciona un método de intervención didáctico a favor del aprendizaje, y cuya acción lúdica como herramienta pedagógica utiliza la exploración, descubrimiento, conocimiento y experimentación en busca de resultados en competencias corpóreas necesarias para las siguientes etapas del proceso evolutivo. Desde esta perspectiva se realiza un análisis descriptivo, revisión de fuentes teóricas, interpretación de datos obtenidos de los instrumentos investigativos de carácter empírico, aplicados a la población, objeto de estudio como  son los niños de primer grado de educación general básica de las instituciones educativas fiscales del cantón La Libertad. El alcance investigativo, propuesta metodológica van enfocados a la identificación de diferentes estrategias, recursos educativos de carácter lúdico que, desde el juego formativo y direccionado con intenciones didácticas como acción participativa e incluyente, se adapta a las circunstancias particulares y cambiantes de los contextos escolarizados; cumpliendo con las recomendaciones o directrices del desarrollo integral infantil establecidas en el “Buen Vivir”.
EL BULLYING, CONTEXTUALIZADO EN DOS UNIDADES EDUCATIVAS BÁSICAS DEL CANTÓN DE SANTA ELENA - ECUADOR
Authors: Ordoñez Villao Carlota , Peralta Paola , Mogrovejo Javier , González Narcisa
Published: July 2017

El objetivo de este reporte científico consiste en argumentar de qué manera el bullying incide en el aprendizaje y la conducta de los educandos de dos escuelas de la provincia de Santa Elena, donde se evidencia aptitudes y acciones negativas dentro y fuera del aula de clases. Para efecto se aplicó el test de Bull a una muestra de 90 estudiantes de quinto grados de Educación Básica Elemental, se recopiló antecedentes de conductas y actitudes que luego del análisis este fenómeno interviene en los diferentes espacios educativos presentándose en formas de acosamientos físicos, verbal y psicológicos, se evidencia como un factor de riesgo para la integridad y el aprendizaje de los niños y niñas de ambos Centros Educativos. Finalmente los resultados obtenidos describen que el bullying en una realidad que se incorpora con más frecuencia, y que por razones de desconocimiento; falta de modelos de prevención y de escasos recursos limitan la intervención oportuna para mejorar de forma adecuada la convivencia e inclusión escolar.
LAS COMPETENCIAS INFORMACIONALES: UNA NECESIDAD DE LA FORMACIÓN PERMANENTE
Authors: Santos Baranda Janette , Rodríguez Díaz Eddy , Lamas González Margarita
Published: July 2017

La formación permanente de los recursos humanos tiene en la actualidad posibilidades ilimitadas, debido a las transformaciones sociales y científico-tecnológicas, la universalización en la gestión de la información, así como por el impacto que genera en el desarrollo de competencias informacionales con vistas a lograr desempeños exitosos. Asimismo, el desarrollo de las competencias informacionales no puede entenderse fuera del uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, aspecto que cobra vital importancia en la producción y generalización de nuevos conocimientos, de este modo su relevancia y pertinencia conducen a nuevas miradas en concebir y organizar el proceso de formación permanente para lograr aprendizajes desarrolladores en cada uno de los participantes. En el presente artículo se aborda la necesidad de la formación y el desarrollo de las competencias informacionales para lograr mejoras en el desempeño profesional, se aborda su conceptualización a partir de asumir una posición teórica respecto al concepto de competencia profesional, así como se realiza un acercamiento a la descripción de sus componentes.
ESTIMACIÓN DEL CICLO DE CAJA A PARTIR DE UN SISTEMA DE SUBCONJUNTOS BORROSOS (CASO ARTESANOS DE CALZADO CANTÓN GUALACEO PROVINCIA DEL AZUAY)
Authors: Sarmiento Espinoza William , Luna Altamirano Kléber , Cisneros Quintanilla Diego
Published: July 2017

En el campo de tesorería, no resulta extraño encontrarse con empleados pertinentes a esta función que no cuenten con un dato concreto con relación al plazo de cobro o pago a los proveedores y clientes, peor aún con conocimientos de los días que se necesitan para cubrir el ciclo de caja y el efectivo necesario para operar al corto plazo, deducción que se necesita para conocer si el dinero cubre la producción o requiere de financiamiento. Este articulo dotara a los artesanos de calzado del cantón Gualaceo, Provincia del Azuay de herramientas de avanzada de la lógica difusa como el expertizaje y contraexpertizaje e intervalos de confianza (bandas), esto implica que deben tener en cuenta un cierto grado de incertidumbre a la hora de realizar previsiones y análisis de la situación real de caja. La metodología a ser utilizada estará basada en la estimación de las variables mediante números borrosos trapezoidales para el cálculo del ciclo de caja previsto mediante datos inciertos aterrizando en un análisis de los resultados obtenidos basados en la incertidumbre.
Prevalence and Outcome of Cesarean Section at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Gurung Rubina Tamrakar , Gurung G , Shrestha R , Gurung T , Sharma P
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital is providing specialized obstetrician and gynecologist services since last one decade.Objectives: This study was conducted to know the prevalence and outcome of cesarean section at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre during 2013 – 2015 A.D. (2070 – 2072 B.S.).Methods: It was a retrospective study of women undergoing cesarean section from 2013 to 2015 A.D. (2070 – 2072 B.S.).Results: During the period of three years 2013 – 2015 A.D. (2070 –2072 B.S.) otal deliveries were 2627. Among total deliveries cesarean section was performed in 1084 patients (41.26%). In 1084 patients 803 (74%) cesarean sections were performed as an emergency and 281(26%) were elective. In this study 15 to more than 35 years old patients were enrolled. Among cesarean sections done, 52% were primigravida, 46% were para and 2% were grandmulti. The indications for cesarean section were CPD (28%), fetal distress (25%), previous cesarean (14%), mal presentation (7%), premature rupture of membrane (5%), pre-eclampsia (6%), failed induction (5%), bad obstetric history (2%), antepartum hemorrhage (1%), and twins (1%).Conclusion: This study at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre provided the prevalence, outcome and different indications of cesarean section which is life saving for both mother and newborn. And also the study can be useful to the hospital to improve facilities for safe motherhood and safety of newborn.Journal of Gandaki Medical CollegeVolume, 09, Number 2, July December  2016, Page: 1-6
The Incidence of Bleeding and the Factors That Influence Its Development among Patients Admitted With Dengue Fever
Authors: Thapa Krishna Bahadur , KC Namrata , Koirala T , Bhatttarai A
Published: July 2017

Background: Dengue virus is now classified as a major global health threat by the World Health Organization. Bleeding is a common complication and is one of the most feared. There is an increase incidence in the adult population, hence, the focus of this study.Objectives: To determine the incidence of bleeding and the factors that influence its development among patients admitted with dengue fever at Fatima Medical Center, Phillipines from January 2009 to December 2011.Methods: This is a case control study using chart review. The incidence of bleeding is calculated using risk ratio. Factors affecting bleeding are determined using chi square for qualitative variables and T-test or ANOVA for quantitative variables. Simultaneous determination of factors association with bleeding will be analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Level of significance will be set at alpha = 0.05.Results: The female sex is significantly more prone to develop bleeding (p=0.044). There is no significant increase in bleeding in patients who have co-morbidities (p=0.447). In every one unit increase in WBC (1 x 109) the odds of bleeding decrease by 15%. For every one unit increase in hematocrit the odds of bleeding decreases by 6.8%. For every one unit increase in platelet count the odds of bleeding decreases by 3% that is every 10 unit increase in platelet count the odds of bleeding decrease by 22.9%.Conclusions: Female sex, a low initial WBC and platelet count will increase a patient’s propensity to develop bleeding.Journal of Gandaki Medical College Volume, 09, Number 2, July December  2016, page: 23-28
Prevalence and Factors Affecting Women with Uterine Prolapse in Lekhnath, Kaski, Nepal
Authors: Silwal Muna , Gurung G , Shrestha N , Gurung A , Ojha S
Published: July 2017

Background: Uterine prolapse is the main public health problem of reproductive age women in Nepal. Uterine prolapse (UP), which affects about 10% of women of reproductive age in Nepal, is the most frequently reported cause of poor health in women of reproductive age and postmenopausal women. Currently, women’s awareness of UP is unknown, and attempts to unravel the UP problem are inadequate.Objectives: The objectives of this study was to determine prevalence of uterine prolapse, to explore factors affecting women with uterine prolapse and to find association between selected variables and prevalence of uterine prolapse.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted from 7th July, 2016 to 7th of August, 2016 among married women with at least one child in the Ritthepani, Ward No 2, Lekhnath. Participants were selected by purposive sampling techniques, and data were collected through structured interview schedule. Frequency, percentage, mean, SD and chi-square test was performed to identify factors associated with prevalence of uterine prolapse.Results: The major findings were majority 35 (35%) of women were in the age group of 20 to 30 years, followed by 89 (89%) Hindu religion, 48 (48%) belonged to janajati and religious minority which included Newar, Magar, Gurung, Tamang and Muslims. Most of the women 35 (35%) were Illiterate, 44 (44%) earn their living by working in agriculture, 57 (57%) respondents had ≥Rs1500 per month income in the family, 58 (58%) belonged to nuclear families, 76 (76%) of the respondents had knowledge about uterine prolapse and they got information mostly from 24 (24%) friends. The prevalence rate of women with uterine prolapse was found to be 13% whereas mean and standard deviation were 0.87 ±0.33. The findings of association between the prevalence of uterine prolapse with age at first child birth, abortion, sexual intercourse immediate after delivery and constipation were found to be significantly associated. Almost all respondents replied that uterine prolapse can be prevented by avoiding strenuous activities during antenatal and postnatal period followed by avoiding giving birth to too many babies, taking nutritious diet, deliver the baby in health institution by health personnel, avoiding long term coughing and chronic constipation.Conclusion: Uterine prolapse was observed among women of Ritthepani ward no 2; among them most of them were age group between 20 - 30 year early married Illiterate. The perceived service was taken by less number of eligible women. Women awareness towards the problem, limiting frequent pregnancies and provision of educational opportunities are recommended for the prevention of uterine prolapse. Journal of Gandaki Medical CollegeVolume, 09, Number 2, July December  2016, Page: 47-51
Sealing Ability of Resin Based Root Canal Sealers: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Rijal Sujan
Published: July 2017

The primary goal is to attain a three dimensional seal, which would lead to an impervious seal. Obturation of the prepared root canal eliminates all avenues of leakage from the oral cavity and the periodontal tissues, sealing any residual irritants that remain within the root canal system after cleaning and shaping. Though the primary goal of obturation has been clearly defined there is still an ongoing research for a sealer and a core material that would provide an apical as well as coronal seal.Journal of Gandaki Medical College Volume, 09, Number 2, July December  2016, Page: 58-62
Study on Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) at Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara
Authors: Ghosh Vivek , Lamichhane S , Thakuri SB , Khadka KCS , Teli SS , Adhikari SS , Shrestha S , Acharya SK , Subedi SS
Published: July 2017

According to the curriculum of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) program of the Tribhuvan University (TU), Institute of Medicine (IOM), the Department of Community Medicine of Gandaki Medical College (GMC) has been conducting the District Health System Management (DHSM) study for the students of MBBS, third phase (4th year). This program provides us an opportunity for clinical and community orientation to develop skills to become a competent medical professional to work at different levels of hospitals and district health system. This course enables us to assess resource potentials and constraints, prioritize the health problems and set strategies for solving them. It also enables us to be able to work in promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative health services as part of district health team. The program begins with theory classes on management and orientation classes at the college and placement of the students in three different places with rotation along with field supervisions in between. Here we are presenting our investigations on epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease made at Western Regional Hospital during our District Health System Management (DHSM) study in third phase (Fourth year).Journal of Gandaki Medical College Volume, 09, Number 2, July December  2016, Page: 65-69
Knowledge of Reproductive Health Issues among the Students of P. N. Campus Pokhara
Authors: Palikhe Amin , Shrestha Akhila
Published: July 2017

The article entitled "Knowledge of Reproductive Health Issues among the Students of P. N. Campus, Pokhara" has studied to get the knowledge about the reproductive health issues. Reproductive health is one of the important factors of population studies. Several studies have been made concerning the reproductive health issues but there are few research works on the knowledge of reproductive health, especially, in P. N. Campus. The present study attempts to find out knowledge of reproductive health issues among the students in the P. N. Campus. This study was based on the primary information collected from the field survey in P.N. Campus. The sample used for collection of data is random sampling. Basically, both descriptive and analytic research design and simple statistical tools like frequency table, and cross tabulation have been used here. To test the hypothesis, Chi- Square test with contingency table has been presented. Among the total 116 students, 58 percent female and 42 percent male were taken for sample. The median age for the sample population was 23 years. About 31 percent among them were married. This research finds out the knowledge of reproductive health issues like media of knowledge, sources, reproductive health issues areas and level of knowledge among the selected demographic background of respondents.Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary StudiesVol. III (December 2014), page: 1-8
Caste: A Socio-political Institution in Hindu Society
Authors: Kadel Bhanubhakta Sharma
Published: July 2017

Caste has been a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a lifestyle, which often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy and customary social interaction and exclusion based on cultural notions of purity and pollution. Hierarchy, commensality, repulsion and hereditary membership and specialization are the major characteristics of caste system. It is assumed that castes arose from differences in family ritual practices, racial distinctions, and occupational differentiation and specialization but it is socio-political institution mainly characterized by domination and subjugation. APA model has been applied to this research work. The theory of origin of caste and its orientation has been of great use in preparing the article. The readers will be aware of the implicit intention of the writer that the caste system that pervades the South Asian region is not the product of religio-cultural institution nor it has any relation with the Brahminical scripture like the Vedas but it has socio-political orientation.Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. III (December 2014), page: 9-15
Entrepreneurship Development Programme with Reference To Small Enterprises in Nepal
Authors: Karki Bir Bahadur
Published: July 2017

Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP) is mainly focused on development, promotion and strengthening of micro, cottage and small enterprises with the technical and financial support. The rapid entry and growth of Small Enterprises (SEs) has constituted one of the most important aspects of development in Nepal. The Government of Nepal (GON), Department of Cottage and Small Industries (DCSI) and Cottage and Small Industries Development Board (CSIDB) under Ministry of Industry (MOI) are specially responsible for development of SEs. Growth rate of SEs is in increasing trends. It seemed that there is increment of about 332 number of cottage and small industries per year. On the basis of types of ownership of business firms, private firms (Sole trading concern) are increased by 264 each year between the periods of FY 1993/94 to FY 2011/12 i.e. in nineteen year time period. The result shows that 87.6 percent cottage and small industries are operated under private firms. It is seen that most of the entrepreneurs want to be self-employees and / or want to work independently. Out of five development regions, central development region has got highest position in the context of increase number of SEs as well as high increment i.e. 658 in each year. Out of total cottage and small industries, near about half i.e. 47.78 percent industries are conducted in central development region. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. III (December 2014), page: 16-22
Message
Authors: Ansari Jainuddin
Published: July 2017

Not AvailableMED PHoenix : An Official Journal of NMCVolume (1), Issue (1) July 2016
Message
Authors: Koshy Anil Kumar
Published: July 2017

Not available.MED PHoenix : An Official Journal of NMC, Birgunj, NepalVolume (1), Issue (1) July 2016, page: II
Bacteriological and Physicochemical Analysis of Drinking Water in Tokha, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Shidiki Amrullah , Bhargava Dipak , Gupta Ravi Shankar , Ansari Akhtar Alam , Pandit Bijay Raj
Published: July 2017

Background: This study reports the comparative studies and microbial risk assessment of different water samples used for drinking water. The results obtained were compared with WHO and EPA standards for drinking and recreational water.Methods: Physicochemical and bacteriological analysis of water samples were carried out from source, taps, well and stone spouts used for drinking purpose in Tokha (Saraswati and Chandeswari Village Development Committee). Total viable count was carried out by pour plate technique. Total coli form and fecal coli form were performed by membrane filtration technique. The results obtained were compared with World Health Organization (WHO), National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and Nepal Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standards for drinking water.Results: The pH, total hardness, chloride, nitrate and arsenic content of samples were found within permissible guideline value however well sample was found to exceed Nepal standard values for calcium hardness and ammonia content. The total viable counts for all the water samples were high exceeding the limit for water (1.0×102 cfu/ ml). All the water samples were found to contain coli forms and fecal organisms in numbers greater than the required WHO/FAO standards for water. The fecal coli form colonies on M-endo agar plate ranged between 143 and 152 and total coli form from 110 to 248 per 100 ml water also exceed the standard limit for water. The Isolated organisms were identified to be E.coli, Klebsiella spp. And Citrobacter spp.MED PhoenixVolume (1), Issue (1) July 2016, page: 15-18
A Review on Congenital Tuberculosis
Authors: Jha Anand , Bhandari Sujeeta , Kadel Binod , Kadel Anjeela , Shah Dhiraj , Sah Arun Kumar
Published: July 2017

Background: Congenital tuberculosis is defined as infection acquired to a newborn from infected mother by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli during the intrauterine period or during normal birth. Though tuberculosis infection is very common all over the world, congenital tuberculosis is rare and mortality is 50%. Nonspecific symptoms in congenital tuberculosis and difficulties encountered in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in general, make it difficult to reach a final diagnosis so congenital tuberculosis is generally known clinically during the first postnatal month. Maternal tuberculosis is common but congenital tuberculosis is rare and fatal. Also the clinical features are not specific but diagnosis is difficult. So screening of all pregnant ladies can help in early diagnosis and prevention of congenital tuberculosis.Methods: This article has been produced by analyzing various publications since 1998 till date, and by using search gear, pub med, hinari and google.Result: Around 350 cases have been reported so far from different part of the world. There is paucity of data from our part of world.Conclusion: The difficulties in diagnostic and therapeutic conduct of this disease, which are of great interest to public health, points to the need to develop specific protocols. MED Phoenix Volume (1), Issue (1) July 2016, Page: 19-22
Oligohydramnios and Fetal Outcome: A Review
Authors: Khatun Tarannum , Ansari Akhtar Alam , Hamid Irfan , Gupta Ravi Shankar , Ahmad Md. Parwez
Published: July 2017

Oligohydramnios is a threatening condition to fetal health and is associated with increased fetal morbidity. These conditions are often missed and patient may not seek appropriate treatment at appropriate time that often increases risk of numerous conditions. Early detection of oligohydramnios and its management may help in reduction of perinatal morbidity and mortality one side and decreased caesarean deliveries on the other side. A search in Google scholar, PubMed, Medline, EMBASE was performed using key words. Inclusion criteria for articles selection were singleton pregnancy, definition of olgohydramnios as AFI <5 cm, AF assessment at 37-42 gestational weeks. The searched revealed numerous research articles which is further refined. It is found that oligohydramnios is associated with Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), small for gestational age (SGA), prolonged labour, caesarian section (C/S) for fetal distress (FD), meconium stained liquor, Low Apgar score and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission. Women with oligohydramnios are associated with higher fetal risk but can expect a safe delivery and good outcome for which proper fetal surveillance and regular Antenatal care (ANC) visits are required. MED Phoenix Volume (1), Issue (1) July 2016, page: 23-30
Problems and Solution to Diagnose Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Central Region of Nepal
Authors: Gupta Ravi Shankar , Khatun Tarannum , Ansari Akhtar Alam , Shidiki Amrullah , Bhargava Dipak , Gupta Bidhya , Majumder Anirban
Published: July 2017

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis is high, challenging the clinicians to make correct diagnosis. Microscopy, culture and fine needle aspiration cytology have their limitations in regard to specificity and sensitivity. In this report, polymerase chain reaction is used for detecting and distinguishing Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. A case of retropharyngeal abscess was selected from which pus was collected which was negative for microscopy and culture in routine microbiology as well as mycobacteriology. Cytopathological examination was also negative. Polymerase chain reaction was applied to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific IS6110 gene. The patients responded with anti-tuberculosis treatment well. Polymerase chain reaction was introduced for diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis since it can be done within hours, monitor therapy and also differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis from other Mycobacterial species.MED Phoenix Volume (1), Issue (1) July 2016, page: 41-43
The effects of sex drive and paraphilic interests on paraphilic behaviours in a nonclinical sample of men and women
Authors: Bouchard Katrina N. , Dawson Samantha J. , Lalumière Martin L.
Published: July 2017

Research on samples of men and women from the general population suggests that paraphilic interests and behaviours are more common in men than in women, but the reasons for this sex difference are unclear. In addition, there is little research on how paraphilic interests lead to engagement in paraphilic behaviours. In this study, we assessed the frequency of engagement in a broad range of paraphilic behaviours in a nonclinical sample of men and women. We expected that men would report engaging in paraphilic behaviours more frequently than women. We also examined whether sex drive explained the sex difference in the frequency of engagement in paraphilic behaviours, as well as whether the relationship between paraphilic interests and frequency of engagement in paraphilic behaviours was stronger at high levels of sex drive. A sample of 305 men and 710 women completed an online survey assessing paraphilic interests and behaviours as well as three measures of sex drive. As expected, sex differences were found, with men reporting more frequent engagement in most paraphilic behaviours. After controlling for socially desirable responding, sex drive fully accounted for the male-biased sex differences. One measure of sex drive–the Sexual Behaviour and Desire Questionnaire–moderated the relationship between paraphilic interests and frequency of engagement in paraphilic behaviours, such that paraphilic interests were most strongly associated with paraphilic behaviours at high levels of sex drive. Taken together, these findings provide further support for the importance of sex drive in understanding the paraphilias.
Predictors of men's genital self-image across sexual orientation and geographic region
Authors: Loehle Brandon , McKie Raymond M. , Levere Drake , Bossio Jennifer A. , Humphreys Terry P. , Travers Robb
Published: July 2017

Factors that contribute to men's genital self-image are not well known, despite the documented psychological importance of body image more broadly. The current study used a simultaneous multiple regression to examine the relationship(s) between genital self-image, body image, pornography use, circumcision status, age, and social appearance anxiety among men from different geographic locations, and of differing sexual orientations (N=674). Participants were recruited from Canada (n=285), the United States (n=214), and Western Europe (n=121) through online recruitment methods. A total of 372 gay men/other men who have sex with men (MSM) and 302 heterosexual men were included in the present analyses. Men's genital self-image was significantly predicted by self-perceived body image and social appearance anxiety. Further univariate and multivariate analyses discussed include age, sexual orientation, country of origin, solo porn use, and circumcision status. Implications of the continued importance of parsing the differences between genital self-image and related variables for understanding sexual functioning and overall self-esteem are discussed.
The botryane sesquiterpenoid metabolism of the fungus Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Collado Isidro Gonzalez , Hanson James R. , Sanchez Antonio Jose Macias
Published: July 2017

The evidence is reviewed for the biosynthesis of the phytotoxic sesquiterpenoid botryane metabolites of Botrytis cinerea and its genetic regulation. The use of this information in the development of a novel strategy for the selective control of this fungus is reviewed.
Synthesis of 4-selenylidene-4H,5H-chromeno[3,4-e][1,3]oxazin-5-one
Authors: Zhiani Rahele
Published: July 2017

A green and efficient synthesis of [1,3]oxazines has been achieved via a three-component, one-pot condensation of 4-hydroxycoumarin, potassium selenocyanate and acyl chlorides in the presence of N-methylimidazole under solvent-free conditions at ambient temperature.
Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Akhtar Nayareen , Rahman Rezwanur , Sultana Shahin , Rahman Md Rezwanur
Published: July 2017

Correction: On 10th August 2017 due to typographical errors, the period of the study was changed from May 2016 to June 2017 and the caption of the red segment in Figure 1 was changed from No UTI, 41% to UTI, 59%Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the common bacterial infections in mankind. The changing antimicrobial sensitivity in UTI demands use of appropriate antibiotics.Objective: This study was conducted to determine the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens.Materials and method: This was a prospective study conducted in Bangladesh Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh between May 2016 and June 2017 to identify the organisms causing UTI and their antibiotic susceptibility. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected from 95 patients presenting with symptoms of UTI. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 95 urine samples, 56 (58.9%) were found positive. The prevalence was significantly higher in females than in males (females: 58.9%; males: 41%). Age group of >48 years showed higher prevalence of UTI. The most common organisms isolated were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Staphylococcus aureus. These represented 44.6%, 21.4%, 14.3%, 12.5%, and 7.14% of isolates respectively. Imipenem and Meropenem were found the most susceptible drug against isolated uropathogens.Conclusion: Most powerful antibiotics in our study were imipenem and meropenem. In conclusion, one can truly affirm that the choice of drugs in the treatment of UTI is becoming quite narrow today due to the wide scale resistance that the common UTI pathogens show to drugs which have been used previously.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2017 5(2): 57-62
Minor Myocardial Injury: An Early Post Intervention Complication
Authors: Afrin Syeda Fahmida , Rahman Md Hasanur , Millat Md Asadul , Quarashi Md Shafiul Alam , Begum Asma , Begum Meherunnesa
Published: July 2017

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is the most commonly performed invasive therapeutic cardiac procedure and plays an important role in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Complications of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) are relatively infrequent. The most common complications include discomfort and bleeding at the puncture site where the catheter was inserted. Major complications include death, MI, or stroke and other infrequent complications include transient ischemic attacks (minor myocardial injury), vascular complication and contrast induced nephropathy, transient ischemia, or minor myocardial injury (MMI), myocardial necrosis due to compromisation of threatened coronary circulation during balloon inflation. Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) assays for the assessment of myocardial injury has been demonstrated for the diagnosis of MMI and long term prognosis after PCI.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2017 5(2): 94-98
A Bright Short Period M-M Eclipsing Binary from the KELT Survey: Magnetic Activity and the Mass–Radius Relationship for M Dwarfs
Authors: Lubin Jack B. , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Zhou George , Conroy Kyle E. , Stassun Keivan G. , Collins Karen , Stevens Daniel J. , Labadie-Bartz Jonathan , Stockdale Christopher , Myers Gordon , Colón Knicole D. , Bento Joao , Kehusmaa Petri , Petrucci Romina , Jofré Emiliano , Quinn Samuel N. , Lund Michael B. , Kuhn Rudolf B. , Siverd Robert J. , Beatty Thomas G. , Harlingten Caisey , Pepper Joshua , Gaudi B. Scott , James David , Jensen Eric L. N. , Reichart Daniel , Kedziora-Chudczer Lucyna , Bailey Jeremy , Melville Graeme
Published: July 2017

We report the discovery of KELT J041621-620046, a moderately bright (J ∼ 10.2) M-dwarf eclipsing binary system at a distance of 39 ± 3 pc. KELT J041621-620046 was first identified as an eclipsing binary using observations from the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) survey. The system has a short orbital period of ∼1.11 days and consists of components with

M

1

=

0.447

+
0.052

−
0.047

M

⊙

and

M

2

=

0.399

+
0.046

−
0.042

M

⊙

in nearly circular orbits. The radii of the two stars are

R

1

=

0.540

+
0.034

−
0.032

R

⊙

and

R

2

=
0.453
±
0.017

R

⊙

. Full system and orbital properties were determined (to ∼10% error) by conducting an EBOP (Eclipsing Binary Orbit Program) global modeling of the high precision photometric and spectroscopic observations obtained by the KELT Follow-up Network. Each star is larger by 17%–28% and cooler by 4%–10% than predicted by standard (non-magnetic) stellar models. Strong Hα emission indicates chromospheric activity in both stars. The observed radii and temperature discrepancies for both components are more consistent with those predicted by empirical relations that account for convective suppression due to magnetic activity.
Microflare Heating of a Solar Active Region Observed with NuSTAR, Hinode/XRT, and SDO/AIA
Authors: Wright Paul J. , Hannah Iain G. , Grefenstette Brian W. , Glesener Lindsay , Krucker Säm , Hudson Hugh S. , Smith David M. , Marsh Andrew J. , White Stephen M. , Kuhar Matej
Published: July 2017

NuSTAR is a highly sensitive focusing hard X-ray (HXR) telescope and has observed several small microflares in its initial solar pointings. In this paper, we present the first joint observation of a microflare with NuSTAR and Hinode/XRT on 2015 April 29 at ∼11:29 UT. This microflare shows the heating of material to several million Kelvin, observed in soft X-rays with Hinode/XRT, and was faintly visible in the extreme ultraviolet with SDO/AIA. For three of the four NuSTAR observations of this region (pre-flare, decay, and post-flare phases), the spectrum is well fitted by a single thermal model of 3.2–3.5 MK, but the spectrum during the impulsive phase shows additional emission up to 10 MK, emission equivalent to the A0.1 GOES class. We recover the differential emission measure (DEM) using SDO/AIA, Hinode/XRT, and NuSTAR, giving unprecedented coverage in temperature. We find that the pre-flare DEM peaks at ∼3 MK and falls off sharply by 5 MK; but during the microflare’s impulsive phase, the emission above 3 MK is brighter and extends to 10 MK, giving a heating rate of about

erg s−1. As the NuSTAR spectrum is purely thermal, we determined upper limits on the possible non-thermal bremsstrahlung emission. We find that for the accelerated electrons to be the source of heating, a power-law spectrum of

with a low-energy cutoff

keV is required. In summary, this first NuSTAR microflare strongly resembles much more powerful flares.
Development and Implementation of an Educational Module to Increase Nurses' Comfort With Spiritual Care in an Inpatient Setting
Authors: Hubbell Sara L. , Kauschinger Elaine , Oermann Marilyn
Published: July 2017

Increasing focus is being placed on providing spiritual care for patients as a component of holistic nursing care. Studies indicate that patients whose spiritual needs are met report higher quality of and satisfaction with their care. However, nurses are not including spiritual assessment and care into their practice. One barrier cited by nurses is that they lack educational preparation. A 2-hour, face-to-face educational module about the provision of spiritual care was implemented for inpatient nursing staff at a large academic medical center. Program evaluations of the module suggested an increase in the comfort of nurses providing spiritual care. This article describes the development and implementation of this educational program, with preliminary results.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2017;48(8):358–364.
El papel del clero regular en la ordenación del paisaje. El caso del monasterio de San Julián de Samos
Authors: López Salas Estefanía
Published: July 2017

El presente estudio busca comprender cuál fue el grado de implicación de los monjes de San Julián de Samos (Lugo) en la forma de ordenar, transformar y desarrollar el amplio territorio de su coto jurisdiccional. Para ello, acudimos a fuentes históricas hasta el momento inéditas, con la finalidad de descubrir las reglas, los intereses y los instrumentos que, con un sentido planificador, se utilizaron para definir la estructura original del paisaje humanizado que hoy habitamos.
La obligación de rescatar cautivos y la Orden de Santiago (1517-1535)
Authors: Porras Arboledas Pedro Andrés
Published: July 2017

Durante la primera mitad del reinado del Emperador Carlos la Orden de Santiago colaboró, tanto de forma pasiva como activa, en el rescate de cautivos cristianos retenidos en el norte de África; para ello contó con un fondo de ingresos eventuales con el que procuró atender sus obligaciones como instituto redentor, documentándose esto especialmente en 1525 y 1535.
Do All Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Need Long-Term Anticoagulation?
Authors: Sharma Munish , Masih Rohit , Mascarenhas Daniel A. N.
Published: July 2017

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia worldwide with an estimated number of 2.7-6.1 million cases in the United States (US) alone. The incidence of AF is expected to increase 2.5 fold over the next 50 years in the US. The management of AF is complex and includes mainly three aspects; restoration of sinus rhythm, control of ventricular rate and prevention of systemic thromboembolism. AF as a cause of systemic embolization has been well known for many years, and majority of patients are on oral anticoagulants (OACs) to prevent this. Many times, a patient may not be in AF chronically, nor is the AF burden (the amount of time patient is in AF out of the total monitored time) calculated. We present three cases of new onset transient AF triggered by temporary stressors. We were able to restore normal sinus rhythm (NSR) with chemical cardioversion. As per 2014 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations, we started all three patients on OACs based on CHA2DS2VASc score >2. However, the patients refused long term OACs after restoration of NSR and correction of the temporary enticing stressors. In any case, the decision to start OACs would have had its own risks. Here we describe how antiarrhythmic drugs were used to maintain NSR, all while they were continuously monitored to determine the need to continue OACs.
Emotional geriatric care: a health worker development framework for advancing health care for the elderly
Authors: Asiamah Nestor , Azinga Samuel A.
Published: July 2017

The trend of population ageing is a critical global condition and is expected to impose dire socio-economic ramifications on populations in the near future. Its contribution to the global burden of disease is increasing, and the implications of this situation for the future are awe-inspiring. This paper draws from the researchers’ experience and relevant literature to recommend a framework that would guide the development and institutionalization of a specialized system of geriatric care, hereby called emotional geriatric care. The application of this framework by governments and health care organizations is expected to constantly improve care for the elderly as a way of gearing health care administration in response to ageing.
The application of the percentage change calculation in the context of inflation in Mathematical Literacy
Authors: Bansilal Sarah
Published: July 2017

The school subject Mathematical Literacy requires application of mathematics procedures in various contextual settings, but not much is known about the ways in which students engage with contextual settings such as inflation. This qualitative study was conducted with in-service Mathematical Literacy teachers in South Africa with the purpose of exploring the extent to which the teachers recognised the contextual constraints involved in applying the percentage change calculation to the inflation context. The written responses of the 406 Mathematical Literacy teachers were scrutinised to identify their interpretations of the contextual constraints involved in applying the percentage change procedure to the context of inflation. The item required the application of two successive percentage change operations (corresponding to the inflation rates for the 2 years). Of the 406 responses that were analysed, 260 (65%) were unable to take account of all the contextual constraints. There were 108 teachers who reduced the procedure to a one-step calculation while 64 teachers interpreted the context as a percentage decrease scenario. A large number of teachers (162) struggled with the interpretation of the role of the year, k, in the relationship between the quantities. The findings indicate that engagement with and understanding of the concept of inflation is dependent on a synthesis of the contextual constraints into the mathematical procedures. This article provides some insights into the struggles with making sense of the contextual nature of inflation which is an area that has received little attention in mathematics education studies. The teachers’ struggles likely mirror learners’ struggles and hence the research applies in a similar way to learners.
An In vitro Assessment of Antibacterial Activity of Three Self-etching Primers Against Oral Microflora
Authors: Shinde Sneha Dipak , Pai Vikram , Vijay Naik R.
Published: July 2017

Aims

This study aims to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of three self-etching primers (SEP), namely, Transbond plus, Reliance, and Gluma against commonly encountered oral microflora (Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Actinomyces viscosus).

Subjects and Methods

The antibacterial activity of the three SEPs was examined against microorganisms using agar diffusion test (ADT) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In ADT, Whatman’s filter paper disc of 5 mm was loaded with primer and polymerized. This was placed on previously inoculated brain heart infusion and blood agar plates and was incubated for 48– 72 h at 37°C according to the microorganism. For assessing MIC serial dilution method was used.

Statistical Analysis Used

Data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis (P < 0.001) and Mann–Whitney tests.

Results

Only Transbond plus SEP and Reliance SEP produced a clear growth inhibition halo against S. mutans, L. acidophilus and A. viscosus. Gluma SEP did not show any growth inhibition halo against S. mutans, L. acidophilus, and A. viscosus.

Conclusions

TSEP and Reliance SEP did show antibacterial activity in an in vitro environment. Therefore, this study concludes that the use of these SEPs may contribute to a reduction in bacterial colonization.
Modified Precision Lingual Bonding Technique: A Step-wise Approach with Torque Angulation Device-bracket Positioning Device
Authors: Paul Rosaline Tina , Ligil A. R. , Vineeth V. T. , Biswas P. P.
Published: July 2017

Objectives

Contemporary preadjusted edgewise appliance is all about the precision in bracket design, prescription and positioning in addition to the orthodontist’s skill and training. However, achieving it is a bigger challenge as the anatomy of the lingual surface of a tooth is uneven, dissimilar, and moreover the tooth alignment on the lingual surface is variant. Thus, the need for an accurate method of bracket positioning with predetermined torque and angulation incorporated in the brackets according to the patients’ need is of key importance.

Materials and Methods

A TAD- BPD machine used to enhance the accuracy of bracket positioning and bioplast accurate tray transfer technique was used.

Results

A step-wise procedures in bracket positioning and fabricating an indirect bonding tray for lingual orthodontics using the torque angulation device-bracket positioning device.

Conclusions

This technique facilitated unhindered bonding even in severely crowded cases and easy rebonding during mid-treatment stages.