bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alpha and beta phylogenetic diversities jointly reveal ant community assembly mechanisms along a tropical elevational gradient
Authors: Pérez-Toledo Gibran Renoy , Villalobos Fabricio , Silva Rogerio R. , Moreno Claudia E. , Pie Marcio R. , Valenzuela-González Jorge E.
Published: May 2022

Despite the long-standing interest in the organization of ant communities across elevational gradients, few studies have incorporated the evolutionary information to understand the historical processes that underlay such patterns. Through the evaluation of phylogenetic α and β-diversity, we analyzed the structure of leaf-litter ant communities along the Cofre de Perote mountain in Mexico and evaluated whether deterministic- (i.e., habitat filtering, interspecific competition) or stochastic-driven processes (i.e., dispersal limitation) were driving the observed patterns. Lowland and some highland sites showed phylogenetic clustering, whereas intermediate elevations and the highest site presented phylogenetic overdispersion. We infer that strong environmental constraints found at the bottom and the top elevations are favoring closely-related species to prevail at those elevations. Conversely, less stressful climatic conditions at intermediate elevations suggest interspecific interactions are more important in these environments. Total phylogenetic dissimilarity was driven by the turnover component, indicating that the turnover of ant species along the mountain is actually shifts of lineages adapted to particular locations resembling their ancestral niche. The greater phylogenetic dissimilarity between communities was related to greater temperature differences probably due to narrow thermal tolerances inherent to several ant lineages that evolved in more stable conditions. Our results suggest that the interplay between environmental filtering, interspecific competition and habitat specialization plays an important role in the assembly of leaf-litter ant communities along elevational gradients.
Socially induced false memories in the absence of misinformation
Authors: Wagner Ullrich , Schlechter Pascal , Echterhoff Gerald
Published: May 2022

Ample evidence shows that post-encoding misinformation from others can induce false memories. Here, we demonstrate in two experiments a new, tacit form of socially generated false memories, resulting from interpersonal co-monitoring at encoding without communication of misinformation. Pairs of participants jointly viewed semantically coherent word lists, presented successively in blue, green, or red letters. Each individual was instructed to memorize words presented in one of the colors. One color remained unassigned (control condition). Participants (total N = 113) reported more false memories for non-presented words (lures) semantically related to partner-assigned than to control lists, although both list types were equally irrelevant to their own task. Notably, this effect also persisted for particularly rich memories. These findings show for the first time that social induction of false memories, even subjectively rich ones, does not necessarily require communication of deceptive information. This has important implications both theoretically and practically (e.g., in forensic contexts).
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside inhibits the β-catenin/MGMT pathway by upregulating miR-214-5p to reverse chemotherapy resistance in glioma cells
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Chen Li , Ding Deping , Li Ziheng , Cheng Li , You Qiuyun , Zhang Shunbo
Published: May 2022

Overcoming resistance to alkylating agents has important clinical significance in glioma. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) has a tumor-suppressive effect on tumor cells. However, whether it plays a role in temozolomide resistance in glioma is still unclear. We constructed a TMZ-resistant LN-18/TR glioma cell line, observed the effect of C3G on TMZ resistance in this cell line, and explored the role of miR-214-5p in chemoresistance. Results showed that β-catenin and MGMT were significantly upregulated in LN-18/TR cells. C3G upregulated miR-214-5p and enhanced the cytotoxic effect of temozolomide on LN-18/TR cells. Contrarily, C3G downregulated β-catenin and MGMT. Moreover, the miR-214-5p mimic downregulated β-catenin and MGMT in LN-18/TR cells, whereas the miR-214-5p inhibitor had the opposite effect; the miR-214-5p inhibitor significantly blocked the C3G-induced downregulation of β-catenin and MGMT. C3G or the miR-214-5p mimic enhanced temozolomide-induced apoptosis in LN-18/TR cells, whereas the miR-214-5p inhibitor blocked this effect. Furthermore, C3G or miR-214-5p agomir combined with TMZ significantly inhibited the growth of LN-18/TR tumors. Collectively, our research discovered the potential signaling mechanism associated with C3G-mediated suppression of TMZ resistance in LN-18/TR cells through miR-214-5p, which can facilitate the treatment of MGMT-induced resistance in glioma cells.
Performance assessment across different care settings of a heart failure hospitalisation risk-score for type 2 diabetes using administrative claims
Authors: Guazzo Alessandro , Longato Enrico , Morieri Mario Luca , Sparacino Giovanni , Franco-Novelletto Bruno , Cancian Maurizio , Fusello Massimo , Tramontan Lara , Battaggia Alessandro , Avogaro Angelo , Fadini Gian Paolo , Di Camillo Barbara
Published: May 2022

Predicting the risk of cardiovascular complications, in particular heart failure hospitalisation (HHF), can improve the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Most predictive models proposed so far rely on clinical data not available at the higher Institutional level. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the risk of HHF in people with T2D using administrative claims data only, which are more easily obtainable and could allow public health systems to identify high-risk individuals. In this paper, the administrative claims of > 175,000 patients with T2D were used to develop a new risk score for HHF based on Cox regression. Internal validation on the administrative data cohort yielded satisfactory results in terms of discrimination (max AUROC = 0.792, C-index = 0.786) and calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow testpvalue < 0.05). The risk score was then tested on data gathered from two independent centers (one diabetes outpatient clinic and one primary care network) to demonstrate its applicability to different care settings in the medium-long term. Thanks to the large size and broad demographics of the administrative dataset used for training, the proposed model was able to predict HHF without significant performance loss concerning bespoke models developed within each setting using more informative, but harder-to-acquire clinical variables.
Redox signaling induces laminin receptor ribosomal protein-SA expression to improve cell adhesion following radiofrequency glow discharge treatments
Authors: Ponnusamy Sasikumar , Ali Hanan H. , Dutt Felisha , Rahman Saeed Ur , Salah Ahmad A. , Pipalia Mahek , Baier Robert E. , Arany Praveen R.
Published: May 2022

Current biomaterials effectively replace biological structures but are limited by infections and long-term material failures. This study examined the molecular mechanisms of radio frequency glow discharge treatments (RFGDT) in mediating the disinfection of biomaterial surfaces and concurrently promoting cell attachment and proliferation. Dental biomaterials were subjected to RFGDT, and viability of oral microbial species, namelyStreptococcus mutants(SM),Streptococcus gordonii(SG),Moraxella catarrhalis(MC), andPorphyromonas gingivalis(PG), were assessed. Cell attachment and survival of a pre-odontoblast cell line, MDPC-23, was examined. Finally, mechanistic investigations into redox generation and biological signaling were investigated. Based on their compositions, dental biomaterials induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) following dose-dependent RFGDT. Reduced microbial viability was evident following RFGDT in the catalase-negative (SM and SG) species more prominently than catalase-positive (MC and PG) species. Cell adhesion assays noted improved MDPC-23 attachment and survival. Pretreatments with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and catalase abrogated these responses. Immunoassays noted redox-induced downstream expression of a laminin receptor, Ribosomal Protein SA, following RFGDT. Thus, RFGDT-induced redox mediates antimicrobial and improves cell responses such as adhesion and proliferation. These observations together provide a mechanistic rationale for the clinical utility of RFGDT with dental biomaterials for regenerative clinical applications.
Real-time complex light field generation through a multi-core fiber with deep learning
Authors: Sun Jiawei , Wu Jiachen , Koukourakis Nektarios , Cao Liangcai , Kuschmierz Robert , Czarske Juergen
Published: May 2022

The generation of tailored complex light fields with multi-core fiber (MCF) lensless microendoscopes is widely used in biomedicine. However, the computer-generated holograms (CGHs) used for such applications are typically generated by iterative algorithms, which demand high computation effort, limiting advanced applications like fiber-optic cell manipulation. The random and discrete distribution of the fiber cores in an MCF induces strong spatial aliasing to the CGHs, hence, an approach that can rapidly generate tailored CGHs for MCFs is highly demanded. We demonstrate a novel deep neural network—CoreNet, providing accurate tailored CGHs generation for MCFs at a near video rate. The CoreNet is trained by unsupervised learning and speeds up the computation time by two magnitudes with high fidelity light field generation compared to the previously reported CGH algorithms for MCFs. Real-time generated tailored CGHs are on-the-fly loaded to the phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) for near video-rate complex light fields generation through the MCF microendoscope. This paves the avenue for real-time cell rotation and several further applications that require real-time high-fidelity light delivery in biomedicine.
Reef larval recruitment in response to seascape dynamics in the SW Atlantic
Authors: de Azevedo Mazzuco Ana Carolina , Fraga Bernardino Angelo
Published: May 2022

Advances in satellite observation have improved our capacity to track changes in the ocean with numerous ecological and conservation applications, which are yet under-explored for coastal ecology. In this study, we assessed the spatio-temporal dynamics in invertebrate larval recruitment and the Seascape Pelagic Habitat Classification, a satellite remote-sensing product developed by the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) and delivered by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to monitor biodiversity globally. Our ultimate goal was to identify and predict changes in coastal benthic assemblages at tropical reefs in the SW Atlantic based on integrated pelagic conditions, testing the use of MBON Seascape categorization. Our results revealed that the pelagic Seascapes correlated with monthly and seasonal variations in recruitment rates and assemblage composition. Recruitment was strongly influenced by subtropical Seascapes and was reduced by the presence of warm waters with high-nutrient contents and phytoplankton blooms, which are likely to affect reef communities in the long term. Recruitment modeling indicates that Seascapes may be more efficient than sea surface temperature in predicting benthic larval dynamics. Based on historical Seascape patterns, we identified seven events that may have impacted benthic recruitment in this region during the last decades. These findings provide new insights into the application of novel satellite remote-sensing Seascape categorizations in benthic ecology and evidence how reef larval supply in the SW Atlantic could be impacted by recent and future ocean changes.
Enhanced spring warming in a Mediterranean mountain by atmospheric circulation
Authors: Bruley E. , Mouillot F. , Lauvaux T. , Rambal S.
Published: May 2022

We analyzed trends of air temperature across the Cévennes National Park in Southern France, a mid-altitude coastal mountain experiencing a rapid spread of forests at the expense of rangelands and submitted to Mediterranean Sea influences and so, impacted by local and regional processes of climate change. Since 1980, April to June warming trend reached a maximum temperature increase of + 0.124 °C year−1and uniform whatever the altitude. Minimum temperature increased by + 0.058 °C year−1at 500 m altitude and + 0.089 °C year−1at 1500 m. Concomitantly, forest cover is increasing by + 0.51% year−1. Using an intrinsic biophysical mechanism model, we demonstrated that, at monthly scale, the forest surface is 1.7–3.1 °C cooler than that of nearby grasslands. As a result, the decrease in albedo corresponding to the conversion from grasslands to dense forests, translates into a cooling of maximum air temperatures of 0.023 °C year−1which contributes to slow down the warming rate enhancement. Spring warming trends co-varied with negative WeMO phases associated with a low in the Gulf of Cádiz and an anticyclone in Central Europe. An east to west pressure gradient increases atmospheric humidity leading to a strong water vapor feedback, enhancing the forcing of thermal long wave radiations and hence the rise in temperature.
Statistical modeling of annual highest monthly rainfall in Zimbabwe
Authors: Musara Keith , Nadarajah Saralees , Wiegand Martin
Published: May 2022

The first statistical analysis of maximum rainfall in Zimbabwe is provided. The data are from 103 stations spread across the different climatic regions of Zimbabwe. More than 90% of the stations had at least 50 years of data. The generalized extreme value distribution was fitted to maximum rainfall by the method of maximum likelihood. Probability plots, quantile plots and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests showed that the generalized extreme value distribution provided an adequate fit for all stations. The vast majority of stations do not exhibit significant trends in rainfall. Twelve of the stations exhibit negative trends and three of the stations exhibit positive trends in rainfall. Estimates of return levels are given for 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years.
Translational development of a tumor junction opening technology
Authors: Kim Jiho , Li Chang , Wang Hongjie , Kaviraj Swarnendu , Singh Sanjay , Savergave Laxman , Raghuwanshi Arjun , Gil Sucheol , Germond Audrey , Baldessari Audrey , Chen Bingmae , Roffler Steve , Fender Pascal , Drescher Charles , Carter Darrick , Lieber André
Published: May 2022

Our goal is to overcome treatment resistance in ovarian cancer patients which occurs in most cases after an initial positive response to chemotherapy. A central resistance mechanism is the maintenance of desmoglein-2 (DSG2) positive tight junctions between malignant cells that prevents drug penetration into the tumor. We have generated JO4, a recombinant protein that binds to DSG2 resulting in the transient opening of junctions in epithelial tumors. Here we present studies toward the clinical translation of c-JO4 in combination with PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin/Doxil for ovarian cancer therapy. A manufacturing process for cGMP compliant production of JO4 was developed resulting in c-JO4. GLP toxicology studies using material from this process in DSG2 transgenic mice and cynomolgus macaques showed no treatment-related toxicities after intravenous injection at doses reaching 24 mg/kg. Multiple cycles of intravenous c-JO4 plus Doxil (four cycles, 4 weeks apart, simulating the treatment regimen in the clinical trial) elicited antibodies against c-JO4 that increased with each cycle and were accompanied by elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα. Pretreatment with steroids and cyclophosphamide reduced anti-c-JO4 antibody response and blunted cytokine release. Our data indicate acceptable safety of our new treatment approach if immune reactions are monitored and counteracted with appropriate immune suppression.
Asymmetric cryptosystem based on optical scanning cryptography and elliptic curve algorithm
Authors: Chang Xiangyu , Li Wei , Yan Aimin , Tsang Peter Wai Ming , Poon Ting-Chung
Published: May 2022

We propose an asymmetric cryptosystem based on optical scanning cryptography (OSC) and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) algorithm. In the encryption stage of OSC, an object is encrypted to cosine and sine holograms by two pupil functions calculated via ECC algorithm from sender’s biometric image, which is sender’s private key. With the ECC algorithm, these holograms are encrypted to ciphertext, which is sent to the receiver. In the stage of decryption, the encrypted holograms can be decrypted by receiver’s biometric private key which is different from the sender’s private key. The approach is an asymmetric cryptosystem which solves the problem of the management and dispatch of keys in OSC and has more security strength than the conventional OSC. The feasibility of the proposed method has been convincingly verified by numerical and experiment results.
The bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 up-regulates the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 in cultured human hepatic carcinoma cells
Authors: Choi Hae In , An Ga Yeong , Yoo Eunyoung , Baek Mina , Binas Bert , Chai Jin Choul , Lee Young Seek , Jung Kyoung Hwa , Chai Young Gyu
Published: May 2022

The epigenetic reader, bromodomain-containing 4 (BRD4), is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and BRD4 inhibition is considered as a new therapeutic approach. The BRD inhibitor JQ1 is known to inhibit the enrichment of BRD4 at enhancer sites. Gene network analyses have implicated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the effects of JQ1, but the precise molecular events remain unexplored. Here, we report that in HepG2 cells, JQ1 significantly reduced various proliferation-related lncRNAs, but up-regulated the known liver tumor marker, MALAT1. Using ChIP-sequencing data, ChIP-qPCR, luciferase reporter assays, and chromatin conformation capture (3C), we characterized the MALAT1 gene locus. We found that JQ1 elicited a rearrangement of its chromatin looping conformation, which involved the putative enhancers E1, E2, E3, the gene body, and the promoter. We further found that the forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) binds to E2 and the promoter; suppression of FOXA2 expression resulted in MALAT1 up-regulation and increased cell proliferation. These results suggest that the inhibition of MALAT1 may improve the effect of BET inhibitors as an anti-cancer therapy and that FOXA2 would be a suitable target for that approach.
Thermal and mechanical characterization of nanoporous two-dimensional MoS2 membranes
Authors: Pham Van-Trung , Fang Te-Hua
Published: May 2022

For practical application, determining the thermal and mechanical characterization of nanoporous two-dimensional MoS2 membranes is critical. To understand the influences of the temperature and porosity on the mechanical properties of single-layer MoS2 membrane, uniaxial and biaxial tensions were conducted using molecular dynamics simulations. It was found that Young’s modulus, ultimate strength, and fracture strain reduce with the temperature increases. At the same time, porosity effects were found to cause a decrease in the ultimate strength, fracture strain, and Young’s modulus of MoS2 membranes. Because the pore exists, the most considerable stresses will be concentrated around the pore site throughout uniaxial and biaxial tensile tests, increasing the possibility of fracture compared to tensing the pristine membrane. Moreover, this article investigates the impacts of temperature, porosity, and length size on the thermal conductivity of MoS2 membrane using the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) method. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the MoS2 membrane is strongly dependent on the temperature, porosity, and length size. Specifically, the thermal conductivity decreases as the temperature increases, and the thermal conductivity reduces as the porosity density increases. Interestingly, the thermal and mechanical properties of the pristine MoS2 membrane are similar in armchair and zigzag directions.
Solubility measurement and thermodynamic modeling of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Sodeifian Gholamhossein , Garlapati Chandrasekhar , Razmimanesh Fariba , Nateghi Hassan
Published: May 2022

Knowing the solubility data of pharmaceutical compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) is essential for nanoparticles formation by using supercritical technology. In this work, solubility of solid pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate in ScCO2 is determined and reported at 308, 318, 328 and 338 K and at pressures between 12 and 27 MPa. The solubilities are ranged between 0.0301 $$\times$$
×
10–4 and 0.463 $$\times$$
×
10–4 in mole fraction. The determined solubilities are modelled with a new model using solid–liquid equilibrium criteria and the required activity coefficient is developed using regular solution theory. The measured solubilities data are also modelled with three recent and four conventional empirical models. The recent models used are, Alwi-Garlapati (AARD = 13.1%), Sodeifian et al. (14.7%), and Tippana-Garlapati (15.5%) models and the conventional models used are Chrastil (17.54%), reformulated Chrastil (16.30%), Bartle (14.1%) and Mendenz Santiago and Teja (MT) (14.9%) models. The proposed model is correlating the data with less than 14.9% and 16.23% in terms of AARD for temperature dependent and independent cases. Among exiting models, Mendez Santiago and Teja (MT) and Alwi-Garlapati models correlate the data better than other models (corresponding AARD% and AICc are 14.9, 13.1 and −518.89, −504.14, respectively). The correlation effectiveness of the models is evaluated in terms of Corrected Akaike’s Information Criterion (AICc). Finally, enthalpy of solvation and vaporization of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate are calculated and reported. The new model proposed in this study can be used for the combination of any complex compound with any supercritical fluid.
Urolithin A attenuates auditory cell senescence by activating mitophagy
Authors: Cho Sung Il , Jo Eu-Ri , Song Hansoo
Published: May 2022

Aging of sensory organs is associated with a decline in mitochondrial function and the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Impaired mitophagy blocks the turnover of dysfunctional mitochondria and leads to their accumulation. Urolithin A (UA) induces mitophagy in various mammalian cells. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of the mitophagy activator, UA, on premature senescent auditory cells. The levels of cellular senescence-associated p53 and p21 significantly increased in H2O2-induced senescent House Ear Institute‐Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells and cochlear explants. However, the levels of mitophagy-related molecules significantly decreased. UA significantly decreased the expression of senescence-associated p53 and p21, and increased the expression of mitophagy-related proteins, in H2O2-induced senescent cells and cochlear explants. The percentage of β-galactosidase-stained senescent cells also reduced in H2O2-treated cells and cochlear explants upon UA pre-treatment. The formation of mitophagosomes and mitophagolysosomes was restored upon UA pre-treatment of H2O2-induced senescent cells. The knockdown of mitophagy-related genes (Parkin and Bnip3) resulted in annulment of UA-induced anti-senescent activity. UA significantly increased the ATP content, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent HEI-OC1 cells. These findings indicate that UA counteracted mitophagy decline and prevented premature senescence in auditory cells. Hence, UA administration might be a promising strategy for preventing mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with age-related hearing loss.
AMYPred-FRL is a novel approach for accurate prediction of amyloid proteins by using feature representation learning
Authors: Charoenkwan Phasit , Ahmed Saeed , Nantasenamat Chanin , Quinn Julian M. W. , Moni Mohammad Ali , Lio’ Pietro , Shoombuatong Watshara
Published: May 2022

Amyloid proteins have the ability to form insoluble fibril aggregates that have important pathogenic effects in many tissues. Such amyloidoses are prominently associated with common diseases such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. There are many types of amyloid proteins, and some proteins that form amyloid aggregates when in a misfolded state. It is difficult to identify such amyloid proteins and their pathogenic properties, but a new and effective approach is by developing effective bioinformatics tools. While several machine learning (ML)-based models for in silico identification of amyloid proteins have been proposed, their predictive performance is limited. In this study, we present AMYPred-FRL, a novel meta-predictor that uses a feature representation learning approach to achieve more accurate amyloid protein identification. AMYPred-FRL combined six well-known ML algorithms (extremely randomized tree, extreme gradient boosting, k-nearest neighbor, logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machine) with ten different sequence-based feature descriptors to generate 60 probabilistic features (PFs), as opposed to state-of-the-art methods developed by a single feature-based approach. A logistic regression recursive feature elimination (LR-RFE) method was used to find the optimalmnumber of 60 PFs in order to improve the predictive performance. Finally, using the meta-predictor approach, the 20 selected PFs were fed into a logistic regression method to create the final hybrid model (AMYPred-FRL). Both cross-validation and independent tests showed that AMYPred-FRL achieved superior predictive performance than its constituent baseline models. In an extensive independent test, AMYPred-FRL outperformed the existing methods by 5.5% and 16.1%, respectively, with accuracy and MCC of 0.873 and 0.710. To expedite high-throughput prediction, a user-friendly web server of AMYPred-FRL is freely available athttp://pmlabstack.pythonanywhere.com/AMYPred-FRL. It is anticipated that AMYPred-FRL will be a useful tool in helping researchers to identify new amyloid proteins.
Unravelling seasonal trends in coastal marine heatwave metrics across global biogeographical realms
Authors: Thoral François , Montie Shinae , Thomsen Mads S. , Tait Leigh W. , Pinkerton Matthew H. , Schiel David R.
Published: May 2022

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) can cause dramatic changes to ecologically, culturally, and economically important coastal ecosystems. To date, MHW studies have focused on geographically isolated regions or broad-scale global oceanic analyses, without considering coastal biogeographical regions and seasons. However, to understand impacts from MHWs on diverse coastal communities, a combined biogeographical-seasonal approach is necessary, because (1) bioregions reflect community-wide temperature tolerances and (2) summer or winter heatwaves likely affect communities differently. We therefore carried out season-specific Theil–Sen robust linear regressions and Pettitt change point analyses from 1982 to 2021 on the number of events, number of MHW days, mean intensity, maximum intensity, and cumulative intensity of MHWs, for each of the world’s 12 major coastal biogeographical realms. We found that 70% of 240 trend analyses increased significantly, 5% decreased and 25% were unaffected. There were clear differences between trends in metrics within biogeographical regions, and among seasons. For the significant increases, most change points occurred between 1998 and 2006. Regression slopes were generally positive across MHW metrics, seasons, and biogeographical realms as well as being highest after change point detection. Trends were highest for the Arctic, Northern Pacific, and Northern Atlantic realms in summer, and lowest for the Southern Ocean and several equatorial realms in other seasons. Our analysis highlights that future case studies should incorporate break point changes and seasonality in MHW analysis, to increase our understanding of how future, more frequent, and stronger MHWs will affect coastal ecosystems.
Rising trends in obesity prevalence among Royal Thai Army personnel from 2017 to 2021
Authors: Sakboonyarat Boonsub , Poovieng Jaturon , Jongcherdchootrakul Kanlaya , Srisawat Phutsapong , Hatthachote Panadda , Mungthin Mathirut , Rangsin Ram
Published: May 2022

Obesity is an essential health issue leading to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) as well as atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to determine the trends in obesity prevalence among Royal Thai Army (RTA) personnel and their associated factors using the health examination of RTA personnel database. A series of cross-sectional studies were conducted from 2017 to 2021. A self-report guide was created using a standardized case report form to obtain demographic characteristics and determine behavioral risk factors. Obesity was defined as BMI $$\ge$$
≥
25 kg/m2, and a total of 512,476 RTA personnel nationwide were included. Obesity prevalence rose from 42.1% (95% CI 41.7–42.4) in 2017 to 44.2% (95% CI 43.9–44.5) in 2021 (p for trend < 0.001). A significant surge was observed in obesity prevalence among young RTA personnel aged 18–24 years from 23.7% in 2017 to 28.4% in 2021 (p for trend < 0.001). Higher age individuals, male participants and RTA personnel residing in Bangkok tended to have a significantly higher risk for obesity. Further, regular exercise was a protective factor for obesity. Our data emphasized that obesity among the RTA personnel has been continuously rising over one half-decade, especially among young adults.
Curiosity for information predicts wellbeing mediated by loneliness during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Losecaat Vermeer A. B. , Muth A. , Terenzi D. , Park S. Q.
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic confronted humans with high uncertainty and lockdowns, which severely disrupted people’s daily social and health lifestyles, enhanced loneliness, and reduced well-being. Curiosity and information-seeking are central to behavior, fostering well-being and adaptation in changing environments. They may be particularly important to maintain well-being during the pandemic. Here, we investigated which motives drive information-seeking, and whether and how curiosity and information-seeking related to well-being and mood (excitement, anxiety). Additionally, we tested whether daily diet contributed to this relationship during lockdown. Participants (N = 183) completed questionnaires measuring curiosity, information-seeking, social and mental health. Using a smartphone app, participants submitted their daily food intake and lifestyle ratings for a week. We found participants had highest motivation to seek positive (vs. negative) information, concerning themselves more than others. Both trait curiosity and information-seeking predicted higher well-being, mediated by loneliness. Trait curiosity also predicted well-being and excitement days later. Considering diet, participants with lower trait curiosity ate food containing more tyrosine (i.e., dopamine precursor). Furthermore, participants consuming food high in sugar reported higher anxiety, which was specifically found in participants with relatively low, but not high, trait curiosity. Taken together, curiosity and information-seeking may benefit well-being and mood in high uncertain and challenging times, by interacting with lifestyle measures (loneliness and nutrition).
Study on mechanism of improving efficiency of permanent-magnet small ball-end magnetorheological polishing by increasing magnetorheological fluid temperature
Authors: Tian Jinchuan , Chen Mingjun , Liu Henan , Qin Biao , Cheng Jian , Sun Yazhou
Published: May 2022

Permanent-magnet small ball-end magnetorheological polishing method can be used to polish the small part with complex structure. However, the material removal rate of this method is low, which is difficult to improve the output and reduce the cost. In this research, the effect of magnetorheological fluid temperature on the material removal rate is theoretically analyzed by measuring the effect of temperature on the flow properties of magnetorheological fluid, establishing the hydrodynamic model of polishing zone and solving the material removal parameters. It is found that with the increase of the magnetorheological fluid temperature, the polishing relative velocity increases accordingly, which can promote the improvement of material removal rate. But the shear stress decreases accordingly, which inhibits the improvement of material removal rate. The verification experiment results show that the promoting effect can exceeds the inhibitory effect, so that the material removal rate increases with the increase of magnetorheological fluid temperature. When the magnetorheological fluid temperature increases to 60 °C, the material removal rate is improved by 108.4% and the polished surface roughness Sa can reach 14.9 nm. Therefore, increasing the magnetorheological fluid temperature can significantly improve the efficiency of permanent-magnet small ball-end magnetorheological polishing and obtain high quality polished surface.
The repeatability and agreement of biometric measurements by dual Scheimpflug device with integrated optical biometer
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Sardari Sara , Yekta Abbasali , Khabazkhoob Mehdi
Published: May 2022

To determine the repeatability of biometric measurements by dual Scheimpflug Devices with Integrated Optical Biometers and its agreement with partial coherence interferometry according to the axial length (AL), and the presence of cataracts. The present population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on the geriatric population in Tehran. For participants, imaging was performed by dual Scheimpflug Devices with Integrated Optical Biometers (Galilei G6) and partial coherence interferometry (IOL Master 500). All measurements were performed by one person. In both normal and cataractous eyes, the ICC values were above 0.99 for three measurements of AL, intraocular lens (IOL) power target, anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), flat and steep keratometry readings, and mean total corneal power (MTCP). The repeatability coefficient for the AL measurements was 0.003 and 0.002 in eyes with and without cataracts, respectively. The mean difference of AL between IOL Master 500 and Galilei G6 in normal and cataractous eyes was 0.015 and −0.003 mm, respectively. The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of AL between these two devices were −0.09 to 0.12 mm in normal and −0.09 to 0.08 mm in cataractous eyes. The 95% LoA of ACD between the two devices was −0.13 to 0.36 mm and −0.10 to 0.31 mm in eyes without and with cataracts, respectively. The 95% LoA of steep K between the two devices was −0.63 to 0.32 and −1.04 to 0.89 diopter in normal and cataractous eyes, respectively. The results of the present study indicate the high repeatability of Galilei G6 in ocular biometric measurements. Galilei biometric measurements, had a very high agreement with the IOL Master 500.
Rehearsal simulation to determine the size of device for left atrial appendage occlusion using patient-specific 3D-printed phantoms
Authors: Hong Dayeong , Moon Sojin , Cho Youngjin , Oh Il-Young , Chun Eun Ju , Kim Namkug
Published: May 2022

Left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion (LAAO) is used to close the finger-like extension from the left atrium with occlusion devices to block the source of thrombosis. However, selection of the devices size is not easy due to various anatomical changes. The purpose of this study is patient-specific, computed tomography angiography (CTA)-based, three-dimensionally (3D) printed LAAO phantoms were applied pre-procedure to determine the size. Ten patients were enrolled prospectively in March 2019 and December 2020. The cardiac structure appearing in CTA was first segmented, and the left atrium and related structures in the LAAO procedure were modeled. The phantoms were fabricated using two methods of fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA) 3D printers with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and flexible resin materials and evaluated by comparing their physical and material properties. The 3D-printed phantoms were directly used to confirm the shape of LAA, and to predict the device size for LAAO. In summary, the shore A hardness of TPU of FDM was about 80–85 shore A, and that of flexible resin of SLA was about 50–70 shore A. The measurement error between the STL model and 3D printing phantoms were 0.45 ± 0.37 mm (Bland–Altman, limits of agreement from − 1.8 to 1.6 mm). At the rehearsal, the estimations of device sizes were the exact same with those in the actual procedures of all 10 patients. In conclusion, simulation with a 3D-printed left atrium phantom could be used to predict the LAAO insertion device size accurately before the procedure.
EMI characteristics analysis and suppression technique of magnetic near-field coupling in power delivery adapter
Authors: Chen Qingbin , Zhang Dandan , Chen Wei
Published: May 2022

With the continuous improvement of the power density of the power delivery (PD) adapter, switching frequency increases and volume decreases. The EMI issues caused by magnetic near-field coupling effects have become bottlenecks in the PD adapter’s EMI suppression. In this paper, the coupling characteristics of the magnetic field are deeply analyzed, and the equivalent circuit considering near-field coupling effects is derived. According to the electromagnetic field theory, the mathematical models of near-field coupling between transformer as well as power PCB circuits and the input plug are established. Based on this, the influence of the structure parameters of the input plug is studied. Finally, a new input plug loop structure is proposed, which can reduce the near-field coupling effects between the transformer as well as power PCB circuits and input plug. The experimental results verify the theoretical analysis to be correct and effective.
Combining genomic and epidemiological data to compare the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha and Iota
Authors: Petrone Mary E. , Rothman Jessica E. , Breban Mallery I. , Ott Isabel M. , Russell Alexis , Lasek-Nesselquist Erica , Badr Hamada , Kelly Kevin , Omerza Greg , Renzette Nicholas , Watkins Anne E. , Kalinich Chaney C. , Alpert Tara , Brito Anderson F. , Earnest Rebecca , Tikhonova Irina R. , Castaldi Christopher , Kelly John P. , Shudt Matthew , Plitnick Jonathan , Schneider Erasmus , Murphy Steven , Neal Caleb , Laszlo Eva , Altajar Ahmad , Pearson Claire , Muyombwe Anthony , Downing Randy , Razeq Jafar , Niccolai Linda , Wilson Madeline S. , Anderson Margaret L. , Wang Jianhui , Liu Chen , Hui Pei , Mane Shrikant , Taylor Bradford P. , Hanage William P. , Landry Marie L. , Peaper David R. , Bilguvar Kaya , Fauver Joseph R. , Vogels Chantal B. F. , Gardner Lauren M. , Pitzer Virginia E. , St. George Kirsten , Adams Mark D. , Grubaugh Nathan D.
Published: May 2022

SARS-CoV-2 variants shaped the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic and the discourse around effective control measures. Evaluating the threat posed by a new variant is essential for adapting response efforts when community transmission is detected. In this study, we compare the dynamics of two variants, Alpha and Iota, by integrating genomic surveillance data to estimate the effective reproduction number (Rt) of the variants. We use Connecticut, United States, in which Alpha and Iota co-circulated in 2021. We find that the Rt of these variants were up to 50% larger than that of other variants. We then use phylogeography to show that while both variants were introduced into Connecticut at comparable frequencies, clades that resulted from introductions of Alpha were larger than those resulting from Iota introductions. By monitoring the dynamics of individual variants throughout our study period, we demonstrate the importance of routine surveillance in the response to COVID-19.
Coherent oscillation between phonons and magnons
Authors: Hioki Tomosato , Hashimoto Yusuke , Saitoh Eiji
Published: May 2022

Consider observing two different waves with the same frequency and wavelength. When these waves are coupled, the amplitude alternates between the two waves periodically, a phenomenon called coherent beating oscillation. Such phenomena can be seen in familiar coupled pendulums and, on a cosmic scale, neutrino oscillations: the oscillation between different types of neutrinos. In solids, on the other hand, there are various wave excitations responsible for their thermal and electromagnetic properties. Here we report the observation of coherent beating between different excitation species in a solid: phonons and magnons. By using time-resolved magneto-optical microscopy, magnons generated in Lu2Bi1Fe3.4Ga1.6O12 gradually disappear by transforming to phonons, and after a while, they return to magnons. The period of the oscillation as a function of the field is consistent with the prediction of the magnon-phonon beating. The experimental results pave a way to coherent control of magnon-phonon systems in solids.
Three-dimensional energy gap and origin of charge-density wave in kagome superconductor KV3Sb5
Authors: Kato Takemi , Li Yongkai , Kawakami Tappei , Liu Min , Nakayama Kosuke , Wang Zhiwei , Moriya Ayumi , Tanaka Kiyohisa , Takahashi Takashi , Yao Yugui , Sato Takafumi
Published: May 2022

Kagome lattices offer a fertile ground to explore exotic quantum phenomena associated with electron correlation and band topology. The recent discovery of superconductivity coexisting with charge-density wave (CDW) in the kagome metals KV3Sb5, RbV3Sb5, and CsV3Sb5 suggests an intriguing entanglement of electronic order and superconductivity. However, the microscopic origin of CDW, a key to understanding the superconducting mechanism and its possible topological nature, remains elusive. Here, we report angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of KV3Sb5 and demonstrate a substantial reconstruction of Fermi surface in the CDW state that accompanies the formation of small three-dimensional pockets. The CDW gap exhibits a periodicity of undistorted Brillouin zone along the out-of-plane wave vector, signifying a dominant role of the in-plane inter-saddle-point scattering to the mechanism of CDW. The characteristics of experimental band dispersion can be captured by first-principles calculations with the inverse star-of-David structural distortion. The present result indicates a direct link between the low-energy excitations and CDW, and puts constraints on the microscopic theory of superconductivity in alkali-metal kagome lattices.
Adipose mesenchymal stem cell-based tissue engineering mesh with sustained bFGF release to enhance tissue repair
Authors: Wu Xiaotong , Guo Hong , Jia Yuanyuan , Wang Qing , Wang Jiaqi , Sun Xiuli , Wang Jianliu
Published: May 2022

A tissue engineering mesh out of three components: silk fibroin knitted mesh loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor and adipose-derived stem cells. The introduction of tissue engineering mesh regulates the biological microenvironments of the implanting position.
Sawhorse-type ruthenium complexes with triazolopyrimidine ligands – what do they represent in terms of cytotoxic and CORM compounds?
Authors: Fandzloch Marzena , Jędrzejewski Tomasz , Wiśniewska Joanna , Sitkowski Jerzy , Dobrzańska Liliana , Brożyna Anna A. , Wrotek Sylwia
Published: May 2022

Three new sawhorse diruthenium(i) tetracarbonyl complexes with triazolopyrimidines are examples of photo-activated CO-releasing molecules (PhotoCORMs), indicating the possibility of use in CO-based therapies.
Combinatorial effects of non-thermal plasma oxidation processes and photocatalytic activity on the inactivation of bacteria and degradation of toxic compounds in wastewater
Authors: Raji A. , Vasu D. , Pandiyaraj K. Navaneetha , Ghobeira Rouba , De Geyter Nathalie , Morent Rino , Misra Vandana Chaturvedi , Ghorui S. , Pichumani M. , Deshmukh R. R. , Nadagouda Mallikarjuna N.
Published: May 2022

Contamination of water is a serious issue across the world. The proposed plasma synergetic treat has great potential to treat contaminated water in an environmentally friendly way.
NIR-II-responsive AuNRs@SiO2–RB@MnO2nanotheranostic for multimodal imaging-guided CDT/PTT synergistic cancer therapy
Authors: Wen Changchun , Guo Xiaolu , Gao Cunji , Zhu Zhongkai , Meng Nianqi , Shen Xing-Can , Liang Hong
Published: May 2022

A NIR-II responsive AuNRs@SiO2–RB@MnO2nanotheranostic has been successfully fabricated for photoacoustic and multimodal imaging-guided chemodynamic/photothermal synergistic therapies for tumors.
Facile fabrication of highly sensitive and non-label aptasensors based on antifouling amyloid-like protein aggregates
Authors: Ye Xiangyi , Zhang Dun , Zeng Yan , Wang Yingwen , Qi Peng
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we present a robust and versatile method for developing non-label aptasensors with high sensitivity.
Extension of the mechanoresponsive luminescence shift via formation of a doped organic crystal
Authors: Yoshida Ryohei , Tachikawa Takashi , Ito Suguru
Published: May 2022

The mechanoresponsive shift in the emission wavelength could be extended by doping a trace amount of dithienylbenzothiadiazole into thienylbenzothiadiazole crystals.
Facile synthesis of an ultrathin ZIF-67 layer on the surface of Sn/Ti co-doped hematite for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Huang Pan , Miao Xuan , Wu Juan , Zhang Peng , Zhang Hongbi , Bai Shiqiang , Liu Weisheng
Published: May 2022

An ultrathin ZIF-67 layer on the surface of Sn/Ti co-doped hematite for improving the PEC performance.
Ultrafast oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel catalyzed by a polyoxometalate-based catalyst immobilized on functionalized Y-SBA-15
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Wang Jian , Chen Ming , Zhang Tao , Yang Biao , Peng Xuelian , Tian Du , Zhang Linfeng , Wu Huadong , Guo Jia
Published: May 2022

The synthesized amphiphilic catalyst [Bmim]PMoO/Y-SBA-15 showed high catalytic activity in dibenzothiophene oxidative desulfurization, and the desulfurization rate reached 100% within 40 min under optimal conditions.
Synthesis of pyrrole-based PSiP pincer ligands and their palladium, rhodium, and platinum complexes
Authors: Vidlak Julia F. , Cosio Mario N. , Sriramaneni Nihal K. , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Ozerov Oleg V. , Johnson Miles W.
Published: May 2022

Palladium, rhodium and platinum bis(phosphino)silyl pincer complexes featuring pyrrole-based linkers were synthesized and their properties studied.
Rational design of two-dimensional flaky Fe/void/C composites for enhanced microwave absorption properties
Authors: Mao Runjing , Bao Susu , Li Qingsong , Yuan Yusheng , Liang Zhihao , Zhang Meixi , Jiang Zhiyuan , Xie Zhaoxiong
Published: May 2022

A facile and rational strategy was developed to fabricate yolk–shell-structured 2D flaky Fe/void/C composites with excellent microwave absorption properties. The effective absorption bandwidth can cover the whole Ku-band.
Synthesis, electronic nature, and reactivity of selected silylene carbonyl complexes
Authors: Schoening Juliane , Ganesamoorthy Chelladurai , Wölper Christoph , Solel Ephrath , Schreiner Peter R. , Schulz Stephan
Published: May 2022

We report on the syntheses and single crystal X-ray structures of rare room-temperature stable silylene carbonyl complexes [L(X)Ga]2Si-CO, the influence of the substituent X on their electronic nature and their promising potential in NH3 activation.
Leafy vegetables fortification enhanced the nutritional profile and reduced the glycemic index of yellow cassava pasta
Authors: Lawal Oluranti M. , Fogliano Vincenzo , Rotte Imke , Fagbemi Tayo N. , Dekker Matthijs , Linnemann Anita R.
Published: May 2022

The inclusion of leafy vegetables in vegetable-fortified yellow cassava pasta reduced the glycemic index and showed appreciable bioaccessibility of micronutrients.
Storing electronic information on semi-metal nanoparticles
Authors: Paul Febin , Nama Manjunatha Krishna , Paul Shashi
Published: May 2022

Reminiscing about one of the world's older semiconductors using it in emerging electronic memory devices.
Applications of biomemristors in next generation wearable electronics
Authors: Mao Shuangsuo , Sun Bai , Zhou Guangdong , Guo Tao , Wang Jiangqiu , Zhao Yong
Published: May 2022

The progress in wearable biomemristor devices is reviewed, and the existing challenges are revealed during the development of wearable systems.