bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species of limestone-forest frog, genus Platymantis (Amphibia: Anura: Ceratobatrachidae) from central Luzon Island, Philippines
Authors: SILER CAMERON D. , DIESMOS ARVIN C. , LINKEM CHARLES W. , DIESMOS MAE L. , BROWN RAFE M.
Published: December 2018

We describe a new species of terrestrial limestone forest frog of the genus Platymantis from Biak Na Bato National Park in central Luzon Island, Philippines. Platymantis biak is assigned to the primarily arboreal Platymantis guentheri Species Group, and is distinguished from these and other congeners by features of its external morphology and preferred terrestrial limestone microhabitat. Several distinguishing morphological characters include a moderately large body (32.3–39.9 mm SVL for 23 males and 37.4–42.4 mm SVL for 8 females), moderately expanded finger discs and slightly expanded toe discs, smooth skin, and limb banding pattern. The new species is yet another species in a rapidly growing group of newly discovered Philippine forest frogs with preferences for forested, karst habitats.
A new species of the spider genus Neriene from Southwestern China (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Authors: LIU JIE , CHEN JIAN
Published: December 2018

The linyphiid genus Neriene Blackwall, 1833 was created by Blackwall without indication of a type species. There have been debates about this genus since then. Thorell (1870) synonymized Neriene with Linyphia Latreille, 1804, while van Helsdingen split up the genus Linyphia and re-established Neriene (van Helsdingen, 1969). This system has been generally accepted. Currently, 55 species of Neriene have been reported in the world, of which 28 species are recorded in China (Platnick, 2010). Field collections in Yunnan Province, southwestern China were carried out in 2005, 2009 by colleagues of Hubei University. These surveys yielded one new species of the genus Neriene, which is described here.
A reevaluation of the generic limits of Pnigalio Schrank (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Authors: GEBIOLA MARCO , BERNARDO UMBERTO , BURKS ROGER A.
Published: December 2018

Ratzeburgiola Erdös is a small but phylogenetically interesting genus exhibiting a combination of characters once used to define both the former tribes Elachertini and Eulophini of the subfamily Eulophinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae). It was once classified in the tribe Elachertini with genera having scutellar grooves and complete notauli, but in some characters it resembles the genus Pnigalio Schrank from the former tribe Eulophini. As part of a revision of Pnigalio we investigated the phylogenetic relationships between Ratzeburgiola and Pnigalio using both morphological and molecular data. Based on our results we synonymize Ratzeburgiola under Pnigalio n. syn., transfer its two included species to Pnigalio as P. cristatus (Ratzeburg) comb. n. and P. incompletus (Bouček) comb. n., and reassess the phylogenetic and taxonomic value of morphological characters traditionally considered important at the genus level.
Nysius caledoniae Distant, 1920 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Orsillidae) a recent introduction into New Zealand, and keys to the species of Nysius, and genera of Orsillidae, in New Zealand
Authors: EYLES A. C. , MALIPATIL M. B.
Published: December 2018

Nysius caledoniae Distant, 1920 is recorded for the first time as an alien introduced species in New Zealand. Collection with young stages indicates that it may already have established itself in Auckland. Characters of the species enabling its identification are presented. The pest-status of N. caledoniae, N. vinitor Bergroth, 1891, and N. huttoni White, 1878, is reviewed. A key to the genera of Orsillidae in New Zealand is provided, along with a revised key to the species of Nysius in that country.
Four new species of the genus Chrysoteuchia Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China
Authors: LI HOUHUN , LI WEICHUN
Published: December 2018

Four new species of the genus Chrysoteuchia Hübner are described from China: C. rotundiprojecta Li & Li, sp. n., C. nonifasciaria Li & Li, sp. n., C. furva Li & Li, sp. n. and C. shafferi Li & Li, sp. n. The female of C. hyalodiscella (Caradja, 1927) is described for the first time. Images of both adults and genitalia of the new species are provided. The distribution data of the thirty-two known Chinese species are presented, along with two maps showing the localities of these species.
A new Typhlocharis (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Anillina) from Spain: combining adult and larval morphological data with DNA information
Authors: ANDÚJAR CARMELO , GREBENNIKOV VASILY V. , LENCINA JOSÉ LUÍS , SERRANO JOSÉ
Published: December 2018

Adult and larva of Typhlocharis toletana n. sp. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Anillini) are described from the province of Toledo, Central Spain. Identical mitochondrial cox1 gene haplotype suggested that the adults and larvae are conspecific. Typhlocharis toletana is the third species of the genus with an unguiform shape of gonocoxite 2 of the ovipositor, a character state that is considered as ancestral. However, T. toletana is not closely related to the other two species having a similarly shaped gonocoxite 2, as judged by their morphological characters and geographic distribution. It is concluded that this ancestral state has been kept in different lineages within Typhlocharis. Species relationships inferred from a preliminary molecular analysis of five Typhlocharis taxa are not congruent with putative morphological lineages. Finally, it was found that the larva of T. toletana is morphologically indistinguishable from that of Typhlocharis sp. described by Arndt et al. (1999).
A remarkable new species of stone-dwelling Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) from Australia
Authors: CASSIS GERASIMOS , SYMONDS CELIA , TATARNIC NIKOLAI
Published: December 2018

A new genus and new species, Harveycapsus dimorpha, is described from Australia and its systematic placement in the nominotypical tribe of the subfamily Orthotylinae is discussed. The male and female genitalia of the species are described and illustrated, and the endosomal spicule theory is enhanced. The stone-dwelling habit of this species is discussed.
Peyrierocoris a new genus of Harpactorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Madagascar
Authors: CHŁOND DOMINIK , JUNKIERT ŁUKASZ
Published: December 2018

Peyrierocoris, a new genus and two new species from Madagascar, are described from specimens selected from Collection of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France; Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren, Belgium; Moravské Zemské Muzeum, Brno, Czech Republic and Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, Austria. Two new species P. mirabilis and P. guilberti are described. A key to the species is also provided.
The types of Braconidae and Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) in the Museo de La Plata, Argentina
Authors: AQUINO DANIEL A. , GADDI ANA L. , HERNÁNDEZ EMILIA P. , MARTÍNEZ JUAN J.
Published: December 2018

The 154 type specimens of Braconidae and Ichneumonidae housed in the collection of División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, were examined and listed, providing update information on synonymies, valid names, categories of types, data of collection and hosts. The types belong to 42 species described by Blanchard (3), Dasch (1), De Santis (14), De Santis & Millán (1), De Santis & Redolfi (1), Fischer (2), Kula & Martínez (1), Mason (3), Millán & De Santis (1), Monetti (1), Porter (7), Townes (2), Townes & Gupta (1) and Townes & Townes (4). Two new combinations are proposed: Catolestes desantisi is transferred to Heterospilus desantisi (Monetti) comb. nov. and Opidnus sublaevis sublaevis to Oresbius sublaevis (Townes & Gupta) comb. nov. respectively.
A new species of Buenoa (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Notonectidae) fromColombia
Authors: PADILLA-GIL DORA N.
Published: December 2018

Key words aquatic insects, high-Andean, south-west ColombiaIntroduction The genus Buenoa Kirkaldy has approximately 63 species and is restricted to the Western Hemisphere. In Colombia there are 14 species of Buenoa, and five species are located on the Pacific coast of Colombia in Tumaco, Nariño (PadillaGil, 2010). Buenoa funensis is described; it is the first record of the genus in high-Andean aquatic ecosystems, in the department of Nariño. In the department of Cundinamarca, Padilla-Gil (2002) found four species of Buenoa up to 1800 m above sea level, and just two species, B. pallipes (Fabricius) and B. cucunubensis Padilla-Gil & Nieser, were found at 3000 m. Buenoa funensis constitutes the first recording in Colombia of a large-size species, whose males measure more 8 mm of length; for this reason it is included within the five South American species and B. distincta from Mexico, which present this characteristic; and a key is presented to differentiate males and females of these species based on Nieser et al. (1997).
On the generic nomenclature of nine brachyuran names, with four replacement names and two nomina protecta (Crustacea: Decapoda)
Authors: NG PETER K. L. , LOW MARTYN E. Y.
Published: December 2018

Four generic names for Brachyura were found to be preoccupied: Epithelphusa Rodríguez & Smalley, 1969, Forsteria Bott, 1969, Odhneria Sakai, 1983, and Villalobosus Ng & Alvarez, 2000. Replacement names are here proposed for them. Two junior homonyms, Psaumis Kossmann, 1877, and Quadrella Dana, 1851, do not need to be replaced as the senior homonyms have not been used as valid names since 1899, and the implementation of Article 23 of the Code allows the names to be maintained as a nomina protecta. The nomenclature of three other names: Mithrax Latreille, 1816, Naxia Latreille, 1825, and Thia Leach, 1816, are also discussed.
Forestiana nom. nov., a replacement name for Forestia Guinot, 1976 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Xanthidae), pre-occupied by Forestia Trinchese, 1881 (Mollusca: Calmidae: Nudibranchia)
Authors: GUINOT DANIÈLE , LOW MARTYN E. Y.
Published: December 2018

The genus name Forestia was first used by Salvatore Trinchese (1881: 121, 122) for a new species of nudibranch, Forestia mirabilis, from Naples. Nils Hjalmar Odhner (1907: 26, 30), while studying the Opisthobranchia and Pteropoda in the Swedish State Museum, treated the genus Forestia Trinchese, 1881, and referred Eolis albicans Friele & Hansen, 1876, to it. Evans (1922: 439), in his study on the genus Calma Alder & Hancock, 1855 (Calmidae: Nudibranchia: Mollusca) stated that “[t]he genus has been recorded only from European waters, and contains Calma glaucoides [Alder & Hancock, 1855], Eolis albicans [Friele & Hansen, 1876], and the Forestia mirabilis […] All three will probably be found on re-examination to belong to one species, C. glaucoides.” Evan’s (1922) postulation has been adhered to by most subsequent authors.
A new species of the spider genus Solenysa from China (Araneae, Linyphiidae)
Authors: TIAN JIAHUI , TU LIHONG
Published: December 2018

The genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 belongs to Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859, which is a species-rich group, including 608 genera and 4,571 species (World Spider Catalog 2018). Solenysa currently includes 14 species from China, Japan and the Korean Peninsula (Simon 1894; Namkung 1986; Li & Song 1992; Gao, Zhu & Sha 1993; Tu, Ono & Li 2007; Ono 2011; Tu & Hormiga 2011; Wang, Ono & Tu 2015). The linyphiid phylogeny based on molecular data shows that Solenysa species forms one of the seven main clades within Linyphiidae (Wang et al. 2015). According to the phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data, Tu and Hormiga (2011) divided the genus Solenysa into four species groups, each having a unique genital type comprised by series genital characters. As an old branch with a long evolutionary history, Solenysa spiders have accumulated a long list of synapomorphies (Tu & Hormiga 2011), not only having a unique somatic appearance, but also specific genitalic characters that distinguish them from all other linyphiids.
A new genus and new species assigned to Macrophthalmidae (Decapoda: Brachyura: Thoracotremata) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , FUJITA YOSHIHISA
Published: December 2018

Mirograpsus asper is described as a new genus and new species in the subfamily Ilyograpsinae Števčić, 2005, of the family Macrophthalmidae Dana, 1851, on the basis of a single male specimen from Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. The new genus most closely resembles the monotypic Apograpsus Komai & Wada, 2008 (type species, Ilyograpsus paantu Naruse & Kishino, 2006), sharing a similar carapace shape, but is differentiated chiefly by the fusion of the male pleomeres 4–6 and the unarmed meri of the ambulatory legs. The functional fusion of the male pleomeres 4–6 is unique in the Macrophthalmidae.
Taxonomic studies on Indian Tropobracon Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae), with descriptions of two new species
Authors: HAIDER A. A. , AHMAD Z. , - SHUJAUDDIN
Published: December 2018

The paper deals with the Indian species of Tropobracon Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae). Two new species, namely, Tropobracon hayati Haider sp. nov. and Tropobracon shafeei Haider sp. nov., are described, while Tropobracon comorensis Achterberg and Tropobracon infuscatus Achterberg are reported for the first time from India. Material pertaining to T. luteus Cameron are also recorded and a key to the Indian species is given.
Pachamama, an uncommon and distinctive new genus of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from tropical America
Authors: OWEN ALBERT K. , PINTO JOHN D.
Published: December 2018

The new genus Pachamama Owen and Pinto is described from Central and South America. The genus is represented by one new species, P. speciosa. Hosts are unknown.
Revision of the Microserica lineata Moser, 1915-group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Sericini)
Authors: AHRENS DIRK
Published: December 2018

The species of the Microserica lineata Moser, 1915-group are revised. The species belonging to this group are characterized by the almost completely reduced left paramere, by the metafemur possessing a robust and continuously serrated line adjacent to the anterior margin, and by a phallobase with a extremely deep dorsomedian sinuation reaching almost the basal end of the phallobase. Two species, M. lineata Moser, 1915 and M. squamulata (Moser, 1915) comb. n., have been recognized to share these characters. Two additional new species, are described herein M. geberbauer sp. n., from Thailand, and M. crenatostriata sp. n., Meghalaya (India). A diagnostic key is given for the identification of the species. A lectotype is designated for M. squamulata.
Description of the females of Oxysoma itambezinho Ram rez and Monapia tandil Ram rez, and their effects on the generic relationships of Gayennini (Araneae, Anyphaenidae, Amaurobioidinae)
Authors: RAMÍREZ MARTÍN J. , ANSALDI MARÍA J. , PUGLISI ALEJANDRO F.
Published: December 2018

The females of Oxysoma itambezinho Ram rez and Monapia tandil Ram rez are described for the first time, and new observations are added to a previous dataset for phylogenetic analysis. Oxysoma itambezinho differs from other Oxysoma species by the presence of unmodified copulatory ducts, not encircling the spermathecae. Monapia tandil resembles some Monapia species by the presence of a posteriorly directed pouch on the median epigynal field, unlike its sister species, M. vittata. The resulting phylogenetic trees are the same as previously obtained, but these instances of homoplasy decreased the support for some groups inside Oxysoma and Monapia.
Descriptions of the males of two recently described South African Panurginae (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), with updated keys to the African species of Melitturga and Meliturgula
Authors: PATINY SÉBASTIEN
Published: December 2018

No updated key to South African Panurginae species has been producedsince the last work of Eardley (1991). In the present paper, descriptions of the unknown sex of 2 recently described species: Melitturga barbareae Eardley, 1991 and Meliturgula eardleyana Patiny, 2000 are provided, along with updated keys taking into account the taxa described since 1991. The biogeographical characteristics of the concerned taxa are also briefly discussed illustrated with maps.
Water mite species of the genus Monatractides K. Viets (Acari: Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) from Iran, with the description of two new species
Authors: PESIC VLADIMIR , SABOORI ALIREZA
Published: December 2018

New information about the distribution of the species of the water mite genus Monatractides K. Viets (Acari: Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) in Iran is presented. Two species (Monatractides vafaei and M. persicus) are described as new to science. A first Iranian record is given for Monatractides algeriensis Lundblad, 1941, a species previously known from Algeria and Southern Italy.
A new species of the genus Dactylopleustes (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pleustidae) from Japan, with a partial redescription of D. echinoides Bousfield and Hendrycks, 1995
Authors: TOMIKAWA K. O. , HENDRYCKS ED A. , MAWATARI SHUNSUKE F.
Published: December 2018

A new pleustid amphipod, Dactylopleustes yoshimurai is described from collections taken from northern Japan, off Hokkaido. The species was found in association with the urchin, Strongylocentrotus intermedius (Agassiz, 1863). The morphology of the gnathopods, pereopods 5 7, uropods, telson, mandible and maxilla 1 2 are the major characteristics which distinguish the new species from its congeners. The new species is fully illustrated and compared with related species. A brief redescription is provided for D. echinoides. An amended key to Dactylopleustes species is provided and known sea urchin hosts for Dactylopleustes species are given.
Redescription of Trichogrammatoidea annulata De Santis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: QUERINO R. B. , ZUCCHI R. A.
Published: December 2018

Trichogrammatoidea annulata is redescribed and most of the characters used for the redescription are illustrated. A key to the Brazilian species of Trichogrammatoidea is presented.
New species and notes on Apenesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: LANES G. O. , AZEVEDO C. O.
Published: December 2018

The following seven new species of bethylid wasps from the Brazilian Amazon are described and illustrated: Apenesia membranaceus, A. auricula, A. singularis, A. lapsa, A. strigulata, A. acia, and A. curvata. New geographical records and morphological data on A. rostrum Azevedo & Batista, 2002, A. crenulata (Kieffer, 1910), A. laevigata Evans, 1957, A. megaventris Azevedo & Batista, 2002, A. spinipes (Evans, 1969), A. inca Evans, 1963, A. bugabensis (Cameron, 1888), A. concavata Corr a & Azevedo, 2001, A. quadrata Evans, 1963, A. truncaticeps (Kieffer, 1910), A. paraensis (Kieffer, 1910), A. photophila (Ogloblin, 1930), A. apicilata Azevedo & Batista, 2002, and A. elongata, Evans, 1963 are provided.
Steringovermes notacanthi n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Fellodistomidae) from the deep-sea spiny eel Notacanthus bonaparte (Notacanthiformes: Notacanthidae) from the north eastern Atlantic and a new host record for Olssonium turneri
Authors: BRAY RODNEY A.
Published: December 2018

Steringovermes notacanthi, a new genus and species of fellodistomine digenean, is described from the deep-sea spiny eel Notacanthus bonaparte from below 1,000m depth in the north eastern Atlantic. It differs from other related genera in the unique combination of a V-shaped excretory vesicle, multilobate, mainly post-testicular ovary and extensive vitelline fields extending into both the foreand hindbody. In addition, the fellodistomine Olssonium turneri Bray & Gibson, 1980 is reported for the first time from a fish not of the genus Alepocephalus, namely the alepocephalid Narcetes stomias.
The northern river shark Glyphis sp. C (Carcharhinidae) discovered in Western Australia
Authors: THORBURN DEAN C. , MORGAN DAVID L.
Published: December 2018

Seven specimens of Glyphis sp. C were collected from macrotidal mangrove systems near the town of Derby in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, which represents the first capture in this state. The five males and two females ranged in length from 906 to 1418 mm TL, weighed between 5150 and 18640 g and had a vertebral count range outside that previously reported for the species, i.e. 140 151 cf 147 148. The unusually high incidence of fused vertebrae and spinal deformation may suggest a small gene pool in this population. Previous occurrences of this species were restricted to rivers in the Northern Territory (Australia) and Papua New Guinea. The presence of a small eye (mean diameter 0.87% of total length), large dorsal and pectoral fins, and well defined sensory ampullae may be reflective of living in an environment subjected to extreme turbidity and flows.
Remylamyctes (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha), a henicopid centipede from Madagascar and R union
Authors: EDGECOMBE GREGORY D.
Published: December 2018

Restudy of the syntypes of Remylamyctes straminea Attems, 1951, from Madagascar and R union, indicates membership of this monotypic genus in the Henicopini rather than the Zygethobiini. The supposed restriction of spiracles to segments 5, 10 and 12 is in error; R. straminea has spiracles on segments 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 and 14, as in all Henicopini. An alleged absence of distal spinose projections on any legs is also erroneous; the species has sclerotised, spine-like tibial projections as in all other Henicopidae. Remylamyctes straminea possess the apomorphic characters of Lamyctes Meinert, 1868, which includes other blind, parthenogenetic species, and the genus is accordingly placed in subjective synonymy with Lamyctes. Lamyctes straminea is identical with L. coeculus (Br lemann, 1889), a nearly cosmopolitan, synanthropic species, and is unlikely to be native to either Madagascar or R union.
Podonomus pepinellii n. sp., first record of the genus and subfamily from Brazil (Diptera: Chironomidae: Podonominae)
Authors: ROQUE FABIO DE OLIVEIRA , TRIVINHO-STRIXINO SUSANA
Published: December 2018

The subfamily Podonominae and the genus Podonomus Philippi, 1865, are reported from Brazil for the first time. Podonomus pepinellii n. sp. is described and figured from a single male and associated pupal exuviae.
A new early dinosaur (Sauropodomorpha) from the Caturrita Formation (Late Triassic), Paran Basin, Brazil
Authors: LEAL LUCIANO A. , AZEVEDO SERGIO A.K. , KELLNER ALEXANDER W.A. , DA ROSA ÁTILA A.S.
Published: December 2018

A new early dinosaur, Unaysaurus tolentinoi gen. et sp. nov., from the continental Late Triassic red beds of the Caturrita Formation (Carnian-Norian, c. 225 million years old) of southern Brazil is described. U. tolentinoi is represented by a semi-articulated skeleton comprising an almost complete skull, lower jaw and postcranial elements. It differs from all other dinosaurs by several cranial (e.g. developed laterodorsally oriented process formed by frontal and parietal; deep ventral depression on the basisphenoid) and postcranial (presence of a conspicuous blunt ridge running on the lateral surface of the deltopectoral crest of humerus) characters. Unaysaurus represents the first prosauropod grade dinosaur from Brazil and a preliminary phylogenetic analysis indicates it to be closely related to the European Plateosaurus (Plateosauridae). The relationships of the Prosauropoda , however, are still controversial and more comprehensive studies are needed before a clear picture of the evolution and paleobiogeographic distributions of these dinosaurs can be presented.
4. Mapping Etnos: The Geographic Imagination of Fёdor Volkov and his Students
Authors: Alymov Sergei S. , Podrezova Svetlana V.
Published: December 2018

This chapter traces the legacy of Feodor Volkov’s students in their investigations of culture and identity across Eurasia. Volkov trained several prominent ethnographers, such as Sergei Rudenko and Sergei Shirokogoroff, who travelled to very different fields in Bashkiria and Manchuria. This activity was institutionalized in the Commission for ethnographic mapping of the Russian Geographical society which engaged Volkov and his students. The chapter examines the way that cartography was used by the students of Volkov to describe and delimit identities. It argues that ethnographic maps were crucial for etnos imagination. The chapter also focuses on Rudenko’s study of Bashkirs and the fate of his project in the late 1920s – early 1930s.
9. Epilogue: Why Etnos (Still) Matters
Authors: Knight Nathaniel
Published: December 2018

Etnos, a concept which transcends more conventional boundaries of society and markers of identity, is marked by its vitality. Knight underlines its significance across communities as a bringer of social meaning, and of connectedness. Though not to be regarded as monolithic, etnos denotes a totality of distinctive elements, be that language, material culture or religious beliefs, to name a few. Through this, etnos enables an overarching, collective identity across its peoples, and offers a compelling way of understanding the social world.
Analytical and numerical investigation on the mechanical behavior of subsurface damage during orthogonal cutting of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Yin Jun-Wei , Wang Fu-Ji , Zhang Chong , Chen Chen
Published: December 2018

Rejection of parts at the assembly stage due to poor machining quality is major problems in the manufacturing of structural components from carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. On-line monitor of the multi-scale failure modes during machining to reveal the damage formation mechanisms is a great challenge for industries. Therefore, there is a great need for multi-scale mechanical modeling method. This study will address this problem through a combined analytical–numerical method. A microscale analytical model considering the cutting edge of tool is established to clarify the effect of cutting edge radius on the fiber deformation and failure mechanism. In addition to the analytical model, a user-defined subroutine based on maximum stiffness degradation model of composite is implemented into the two-dimensional macroscopic anisotropic finite element code to characterize the dynamic processes of subsurface damage initiation and propagation. It is found that the extent of uncut fibers increases as the cutting edge radius increases when the fiber orientation is less than 90°. The subsurface damage is relatively serious when the fiber orientation is greater than 90°, and the cutting edge radius has no obvious effect, while the tool rake angle has a significant impact. The results provide theoretical basis for the development of new tools and new technologies to the composite machining.
Eleven Nigerian Students in Cold War East Germany: Visions of Science, Modernity, and Decolonization
Authors: Pugach Sara
Published: December 2018

This article follows the story of the first African students in the German Democratic Republic, 11 Nigerians who arrived in 1951. Thousands of other African students followed them in the years leading up to the GDR's dissolution in 1990. My work is the first to chronicle the Nigerians' story, and how East Germans received and reacted to these Africans living among them. I focus on what each side hoped to gain from the exchange. East German government officials and university administrators were intent on using the Nigerian students to promote socialism as an alternative in a British colony quickly moving towards independence. Meanwhile, the students wanted scientific educations to help boost their economic standing and class status when they returned to Nigeria. Although Nigeria would never become aligned with the Soviet Bloc after decolonization, in the 1950s East Germans imagined that a socialist future was possible. Drawing on their country's sizable scientific expertise, officials argued that the GDR offered the ideal blend of technological and Marxist knowledge to attract exchange students like the Nigerians into the communist orbit.
Rapid identification of fibers from different waste fabrics using the near-infrared spectroscopy technique
Authors: Zhou Chengfeng , Han Guangting , Via Brian K , Song Yang , Gao Shouwu , Jiang Wei
Published: December 2018

Fiber identification is the primary task of waste textile recycling, which plays an important guiding role in the recovery and reuse of waste textiles. In this study, 186 pure spinning textiles with different fiber species were chosen as the raw materials, the near-infrared spectra were collected and the differences among various fibers species were also studied. The fast and accurate classification/identification model of textile fiber was established using the near-infrared spectral modeling technique. The soft independent modeling of class analogy method was used to construct the model. The results show that the model recognition rate can be up to 97% after selecting the wavenumber range of 6800–5300 cm–1 with the first derivative treatment on the spectra. It was found by external validation that the prediction accuracy of the model was 100% for polyester, polyamide, acrylic, silk and wool. The prediction accuracy of cotton fiber and polyester fabric was higher than 90%. The above result demonstrated that the textile fiber identification model established in this study can be used for fast and accurate identification and sorting of waste textiles.
SKYNET: An R package for generating air passenger networks for urban studies
Authors: Teixeira Filipe , Derudder Ben
Published: December 2018

There is a long tradition of urban studies invoking air transport data either for tackling the city/air transport-nexus head on (e.g. in research on the causality between urban-economic development and air transport connectivity) or as a secondary data source (e.g. in research mapping city networks). However, air transport statistics rarely come in a format that allows for their immediate scrutiny in light of the research questions at hand, so that handling and transforming these data often involves both practical challenges and considerable effort. Against this backdrop, this article introduces ‘SKYNET’, a flexible R package that allows generating bespoke air transport statistics for urban studies based on publicly available data from the Bureau of Transport Statistics (BTS) in the United States. The basic elements of the package are explained, after which we demonstrate its usefulness by showing its potential for addressing research questions emerging in the literatures on 1) evolving urban landscapes of air travel accessibility, and 2) differences in intercity air transport networks by scale, types and season. We argue that this R package has the potential to become the backbone of a range of easily navigable tools overcoming some of the main methodological challenges researchers face when handling complex airline data in an urban context.
Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Pharyngoesophageal Stricture following Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Wu Peter I. , Szczesniak Michal M. , Fox Dart A. , Maclean Julia , Blom Eric D. , Cook Ian J.
Published: December 2018

Current therapeutic strategies for pharyngoesophageal stricture, while effective in the short term, are protracted and costly in the longer term. Conceptually, if a stricture can be dilated with minimal tissue injuries, the rate of fibrosis and the resultant stricture recurrence could be reduced. We evaluated a prototype computer‐controlled syringe pump device programmed to distend a commercially available balloon dilator at variable rate, asserting incremental lumen distension pressures tailored to the resistive force encountered within the stricture. We completed 17 graded dilatation procedures among 4 total laryngectomy patients. All patients had a short‐term response (1 month), with a mean decrement (improvement) in Sydney Swallow Questionnaire score of 448 (total score range, 0‐1700; normal <234). The overall procedural tolerability and safety were encouraging; the only complication was the displacement of the voice prosthesis during 1 dilatation. From a technical viewpoint, the main challenge was to maintain the balloon in position during dilatation.
Salvage Surgery for Recurrence after Radiotherapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Elbers Joris B. W. , Al‐Mamgani Abrahim , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Jóźwiak Katarzyna , de Boer J. P. , Lohuis Peter J. F. M. , Willems Stefan M. , Verheij Marcel , Zuur Charlotte L.
Published: December 2018

Objective

Most studies that report on salvage surgery after primary radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are small and heterogeneous. Subsequently, some relevant questions remain unanswered. We specifically focused on (1) difference in prognosis per tumor subsite, corrected for disease stage, and (2) differences in prognosis after salvage surgery for local, regional, and locoregional recurrences.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis.

Setting

Single‐center study (2000‐2016).

Subjects and Methods

Patients treated with salvage surgery for HNSCC recurrence after (chemo)radiotherapy.

Results

In total, 189 patients were included. Five‐year overall survival (OS) was 33%, and median OS was 18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 11‐26) months. Treatment‐related mortality was 2%. Larynx carcinoma was associated with more favorable local (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 4.02; 95% CI, 1.46‐11.10; P =. 007) and locoregional control (adjusted HR = 5.34; 95% CI, 1.83‐15.61; P =. 002) than pharyngeal carcinoma. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (≥3 vs 1‐2: adjusted HR = 3.04; 95% CI, 1.17‐7.91; P =. 023), pT stage (3‐4 vs 1‐2: adjusted HR = 4.41; 95% CI, 1.65‐11.82; P =. 003), and salvage surgery for locoregional recurrences (locoregional vs local: adjusted HR = 3.81; 95% CI, 1.13‐11.82; P =. 021) were independent predictors for disease‐free survival (DFS).

Conclusion

Salvage surgery for larynx carcinoma, regardless of disease stage and other prognostic factors, results in more favorable loco(regional) control but not favorable DFS than pharyngeal carcinoma. The observed difference in DFS between salvage surgery for local and regional recurrences was not significant after correction for confounders. However, survival following salvage surgery for locoregional disease is significantly worse. For this subgroup, we propose to consider T status and comorbidity for clinical decision making, as high pT stage and ASA score are independent predictors for worse DFS.
Overnight transdermal scopolamine patch administration has no clear effect on cognition and emotional processing in healthy volunteers
Authors: Bukala Bernard R , Browning Michael , Cowen Philip J , Harmer Catherine J , Murphy Susannah E
Published: December 2018

There has been increasing interest in the antidepressant effects of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist scopolamine. Here we assess, for the first time, whether a transdermal scopolamine patch is sufficient to induce changes in cognition that are consistent with the reported cognitive and antidepressant effects of scopolamine. A scopolamine or placebo patch was administered to healthy volunteers ( n=33) for 17 h in a double-blind, between-subject procedure. There was no clear effect of scopolamine patch on emotional cognition, verbal or working memory, suggesting that the effective dose of scopolamine available through the patch is too low to represent a viable antidepressant mechanism.
Croatian public libraries in time of crisis
Authors: Sabolović-Krajina Dijana
Published: December 2018

Croatian public libraries faced complex processes in society at the turn of the 20th into the 21st century – a time of transition and transformation in Croatia. During this period, Croatia shifted towards democracy and modernization. Its constitution (now seen as a geopolitical and cultural entity), extraordinary conditions of war disaster in the Homeland War 1991–1995, and conditions of the post-war period all presented unique challenges for public libraries in Croatia. In addition, Croatian libraries have also been influenced by characteristics of the information society that occurs trans-nationally and trans-societally (among all globalization processes and permeating all aspects of life with information and communication technology). Croatian libraries had to transform their traditional role of lending books and acting as cultural heritage institutions to follow international modern library trends in the information age as multifunctional information, educational, cultural and communication centres of their local communities. The aim of this article is to give a historical review of public libraries’ accommodation to these turbulent changes in Croatian society, as well as in the world in the last few decades.
Analysis of the contribution of waste sorting plants to the reverse processes of supply chains
Authors: Sellitto Miguel A , de Almeida Francieli A
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this article is to analyse the contribution of waste sorting plants to the reverse processes of supply chains. The research method is the double case study of two Brazilian waste sorting plants. The research techniques were the analysis of reports, interviews, participant observation, and statistical analysis of historical series of production. The qualitative part of the study concluded that the main roles of waste sorting plants are the supply of local industry with recycled low-cost raw material or to recover energy as fuel, environment development by reducing the use of controlled landfills, and social support to the municipality by reducing public health liabilities and generating jobs and income for vulnerable communities. The quantitative part of the study observed two systemic behaviours. In the first sorting plant, external elements reacted to an expressive increase of the production and limit the current outcome. The second sorting plant is a bottleneck. Despite the availability of waste and demand for recycled material, the sorting plant does not achieve increased production. Owing to the economic, environmental, and social importance of sorting plants to the region, further research should focus on these two systemic behaviours. The main contribution of the study is the integration of elements observed in supply chains and in waste management studies to form a plausible basis of hypotheses for a further survey. Another contribution is to offer information to practitioners on the importance of recycling in the reverse process of the supply chains.
A Sarrus-like overconstrained eight-bar linkage and its associated Fulleroid-like platonic deployable mechanisms
Authors: Xiu Haohua , Wang Kunyang , Wei Guowu , Ren Lei , Dai Jian S
Published: December 2018

This paper, for the first time, presents an overconstrained spatial eight-bar linkage and its application to the synthesis of a group of Fulleroid-like deployable platonic mechanisms. Structure of the proposed eight-bar linkage is introduced, and constrain and mobility of the linkage are revealed based on screw theory. Then by integrating the proposed eight-bar linkage into platonic polyhedron bases, synthesis of a group of Fulleroid-like deployable platonic mechanism is carried out; which is demonstrated by the synthesis and construction of a Fulleroid-like deployable tetrahedral mechanism. Further, mobility of the Fulleroid-like deployable platonic mechanisms is formulated via constraint matrices by following Kirchhoff’s circulation law for mechanical networks, and kinematics of the mechanisms is presented with numerical simulations illustrating the intrinsic kinematic properties of the group of Fulleroid-like deployable platonic mechanisms. In addition, a prototype of the Fulleroid-like deployable spherical-shape hexahedral mechanism is fabricated and tested; verifying the mobility and kinematic characteristics of the proposed deployable polyhedral mechanisms. Finally, application of the proposed deployable platonic mechanisms is demonstrated in the development of a transformable quadrotor. This paper hence presents a novel overconstrained spatial eight-bar linkage and a new geometrically intuitive method for synthesising Fulleroid-like regular deployable polyhedral mechanisms that have great potential applications in deployable, reconfigurable and multifunctional robots.
Contribution of variable gauge freight wheelsets to interoperability
Authors: Kaiser I , Vinolas J , Gómez del Pulgar D , Galán R
Published: December 2018

Railway running gear with variable gauge has been successfully introduced in vehicles for passenger traffic providing a drastic reduction of the time required for the gauge change. Therefore, using wheelsets with variable gauge even for freight wagons seems to be a very promising option for accelerating freight traffic. However, there are several concerns regarding the higher mass of such wheelsets, which increase the unsprung mass of the vehicle with an effect on the dynamics. In order to assess these concerns, the running behaviour of a freight wagon on a straight track and in a curve and its risk of rolling contact fatigue are compared for different configurations of the vehicle; these configurations are determined by the inertia of the wheelsets, by the track geometry using the standard and the Iberian gauge, by the wheel profile and by the loading condition. The comparison of the results shows that the higher inertia of the variable gauge wheelset does not cause drastic changes in the running behaviour. Therefore, with regard to the dynamic behaviour, the use of variable gauge wheelsets in freight wagons is a feasible solution.
“Wouldn’t You Walk Away?” Foreclosures and Homeowner Understandings
Authors: Cleaveland Carol L. , Shutika Debra Lattanzi
Published: December 2018

Social work scholarship on neoliberalism—the dominant ideology and policies shaping access to housing, jobs, healthcare, and education—is in its infancy. This study examines the ground-level impact of the subprime mortgage crisis that triggered the Great Recession in 2008, examining how homeowners interpreted the changes to their neighborhood as they witnessed a remarkably high rate of foreclosures during the economic collapse of 2008-2010. Residents of a suburban community were unaware of the lending and banking practices that transformed their neighborhoods, though these policies arguably depreciated house values and a sense of well-being. Not knowing the culpability of predatory lenders in the crisis, some residents turned to an anti-immigrant social movement to preserve their community.
Intermunicipal Cooperation in Metropolitan Regions in Brazil and Mexico: Does Federalism Matter?
Authors: Meza Oliver D. , Grin Eduardo José , Fernandes Antônio Sérgio , Abrucio Fernando Luiz
Published: December 2018

While Latin America is undergoing a process of metropolitanization, we argue that intermunicipal cooperation (IMC) arrangements may serve as a quality check of the region’s metropolitan governance. We also adhere to the notion that IMC in a metropolitan region is affected not only by constitutional variables embedded in federalist arrangements but also in different ways. We test this assumption by building on a series of hypotheses taken from the literature on IMC. We then compare results from Mexico and Brazil, both federal countries with metropolitan regions. In testing the same variables, we observe different outcomes and a different explanatory power of the theoretical premises underlying IMC. We assign these explanatory differences to features of federalism, an understudied variable. We conclude that, while municipal drivers constitute relevant factors in predicting IMC within a metropolitan region, federalist arrangements modify the weight attributed to these factors.
The Dayton Foot Patrol Program: An Evaluation of Hot Spots Foot Patrols in a Central Business District
Authors: Haberman Cory P. , Stiver Wendy H.
Published: December 2018

This study evaluated the Dayton Foot Patrol Program (DFPP). The DFPP spanned 28 weeks. During the DFPP, patrol officers were asked to conduct foot patrol in six hot spots located in the downtown business district for at least 2 hours a day but used their discretion to determine when, which hot spot, how long, and in which ways to patrol. On average, roughly 9 hours of foot patrol were conducted each day during the DFPP. Pre–post comparison statistics and pooled time series count regression models were estimated. The DFPP was linked to reductions in total crime in initial analyses, but only disorder crime incidents were statistically significantly reduced once the outcome was disaggregated into crime-specific outcomes. A diffusion of crime control benefits to nearby areas was also observed. The study’s implications are that foot patrol can be implemented with fewer personnel resources and still produce crime reductions in downtown business districts.
Retinal degeneration is associated with brain volume reduction and prognosis in radiologically isolated syndrome
Authors: Vural Atay , Okar Serhat , Kurne Aslı , Sayat-Gürel Güliz , Acar Nazire Pınar , Karabulut Erdem , Oğuz Kader Karlı , Kadayıfçılar Sibel , Karabudak Rana
Published: December 2018

Background:

The extent of neurodegeneration in the earliest stages of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination is not known. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a powerful tool to study neurodegeneration in demyelinating disorders.

Objectives:

To study neuroaxonal loss in the retina of individuals with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) and investigate whether OCT measurements are associated with brain volumetrics and clinical conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods:

Subjects fulfilling the Okuda criteria for RIS ( n = 15 patients, 30 eyes) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent spectral-domain OCT and magnetic resonance imaging for volumetric measurement of brain structures.

Results:

Macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL), macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), and temporal peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL) thickness; normalized total brain volume (nTBV); and normalized thalamic volume (nTV) were reduced in RIS compared to HC. mGCIPL, mRNFL, and pRNFL measurements were associated with nTBV, nTV, and normalized gray and white matter volumes in the RIS group. pRNFL was thinner in individuals with RIS who converted to MS in 5 years.

Conclusions:

Retinal neurodegeneration can be detected in the papillomacular region in the earliest stages of CNS demyelination and reflects global disease processes in the brain. OCT can be potentially useful for predicting prognosis in RIS.
Modelling international tourism flows to China: A panel data analysis with the gravity model
Authors: Xu Lizhi , Wang Shouyang , Li Jingjing , Tang Ling , Shao Yanmin
Published: December 2018

Based on the theoretical and empirical foundations of the gravity model, this article systematically investigates the determinants of international tourist arrivals to China. Various origin–destination (O-D) linked factors accounting for the economic, political and social/culture preferences between China and its tourist origins are particularly explored. Utilizing a panel data set of tourist arrivals to China from 21 countries from 1995 to 2014, the results suggest that the basic gravity determinants all have significant effects on tourist arrivals to China. Furthermore, four O-D linked factors are found to be significant in explaining the number of international tourists and have a greater tourist-enhancing effect. In particular, overseas Chinese, proxying for social/culture-preferential relationships, have caused significant increases in tourism arrivals to China of approximately 120% when the percentage of ethnic Chinese in the origin countries’ population is more than 1%. For China to be chosen as a manufacturing and processing centre by international enterprises, various O-D relationships are important but neglected factors of Chinese tourism patterns, with important policy implications.