bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metamorphism and tectonics of a continental arc root: Insights from garnet amphibolite in the North Qaidam tectonic belt, northern Tibet
Authors: Li Xiucai , Niu Manlan , Yakymchuk Chris , Yan Zhen , Li Chen , Fu Changlei , Yang Mei , Heng Zhe , Wang Lei , Yang Jun
Published: February 2025

The architecture of continental arc crust from its surface to base is a crucial aspect of understanding long-term crustal growth and reworking. However, the timing and nature of metamorphism in the middle to lower crust are some of the least-understood components of continental arc systems. In this contribution, we integrate phase equilibrium modeling and zircon geochronology to determine the metamorphic history of garnet amphibolite in the North Wulan metamorphic complex, North Qaidam tectonic belt, northern Tibet, and then provide key insights into the metamorphic nature of the middle to lower crust of an early Paleozoic continental arc, and into orogenic geodynamic processes associated with the closure of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean. Garnet amphibolite contains a peak metamorphic assemblage of garnet + orthopyroxene + hornblende + plagioclase + ilmenite + quartz ± biotite + melt, which defines a peak/near-peak pressure-temperature (P-T) range of 800−860 °C at 5−8.5 kbar, based on phase equilibrium modeling. Rounded inclusions of hornblende, plagioclase, and quartz in garnet porphyroblasts suggest prograde garnet growth at the expense of amphibole. Partial replacement of garnet and hornblende by orthopyroxene suggests high-T decompression after peak pressure. Post-peak partial replacement of garnet by plagioclase−quartz−hornblende or hornblende corona suggests decompression cooling after peak temperature. These results suggest that the garnet amphibolite records a clockwise P-T path with high-T decompression. These currently exposed granulite-facies rocks from the southern part of the North Wulan metamorphic complex represent a middle to lower crustal exposure (root) of an early Paleozoic continental arc−backarc setting (depths of >16−28 km) during the subduction of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean. Zircon petrochronology in garnet amphibolite reveals that protracted metamorphism occurred at ca. 515−449 Ma. These new insights into the early Paleozoic tectonometamorphic evolution of the North Wulan metamorphic complex constrain the northward subduction polarity of the South Qilian Ocean and the tectonic evolution of the North Qaidam tectonic belt. Clockwise P-T paths in continental arc settings are related to the thinning of the thickened arc crust triggered by the steepening of subducted oceanic slab, which is accompanied by slab retreat and rollback and could reflect the migration of continental arc magmatic axes. Our new results tie together high-resolution thermal, magmatic, and metamorphic records to explain the complex evolution of the roots of continental arc systems.
Superconducting Order Parameter of the RbCa2Fe4As4F2 Compound
Authors: Usoltsev A. S. , Daniyarkhodzhaev A. T. , Gippius A. A. , Sadakov A. V.
Published: February 2025

The superconducting order parameter of the RbCa2Fe4As4F2 compound belonging to the new 12442 family of iron-based superconductors with a critical temperature of T
c ~ 32 K has been studied. Two superconducting condensates with the order parameters ΔL ~ 6.3 meV and ΔS ~ 2.8 meV have been detected for the first time by multiple Andreev reflection spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of the superconducting critical current density J
c(T) in the intrinsic field has been measured. The approximation of the dependence J
c(T) demonstrates the correspondence of the experimental data to the double-gap model with the s-wave order parameter and the gaps of ΔL ~ 6 meV and ΔS ~ 2 meV. The superconducting order parameters obtained by two different methods are in good agreement with each other.
Doxorubicin, a DNA intercalator, inhibits transcription elongation
Authors: Tempel Mathew , Green Kari , Prajapati Dhanvi , Duaqui Angela , Norouzi Mahboobeh , Sattarifard Hedieh , Ashraf Ahmed , Wu Elly , Zovoilis Athanasios , Lakowski Ted M. , Davie James R.
Published: February 2025

Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic drug for cancer that intercalates into nucleosome-free regions at promoters. Doxorubicin was reported to result in loss of histone H3 trimethylated lysine 4 (H3K4me3). To further explore doxorubicin’s mechanism of action, we determined the genomic location of the binding sites of doxorubicin in leukemic cells. The effect of doxorubicin intercalation into the chromatin of leukemic cells on histone modifications was also determined. We show that doxorubicin binding sites were present in the nucleosome-free regions associated with regulatory regions (promoters, enhancers and super-enhancers) and in the gene body (introns). Doxorubicin treatment did not alter the levels of H3K4me3 and many other histone modifications but significantly lowered H2B ubiquitinated at lysine 120 (H2BK120ub), an elongation-dependent modification. Lastly, we demonstrate that doxorubicin results in the degradation of the largest subunit (RPB1) of RNA polymerase II.
Pulse shape optimization against Doppler shifts and delays in optical quantum communication
Authors: Schlake Emanuel , Barzel Roy , Rätzel Dennis , Lämmerzahl Claus
Published: February 2025

High relative velocities and large distances in space-based quantum communication with satellites in lower earth orbits can lead to significant Doppler shifts and delays of the signal impairing the achievable performance if uncorrected. We analyze the influence of systematic and stochastic Doppler shift and delay in the specific case of a continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocol and identify the generalized correlation function, the ambiguity function, as a decisive measure of performance loss. Investigating the generalized correlations as well as private capacity bounds for specific choices of spectral amplitude shape (Gaussian, single- and double-sided Lorentzian), we find that this choice has a significant impact on the robustness of the quantum communication protocol to spectral and temporal synchronization errors. We conclude that optimizing the pulse shape can be a building block in the resilient design of quantum network infrastructure.
Geomechanics Considerations for UKCS CCS Projects
Authors: Wynn Tim
Published: February 2025

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a key aspect of the UK government Carbon Net Zero Strategy. In the UKCS, saline aquifers and depleted gas fields are being considered as CCS stores. Key geomechanical processes relevant to both types as a result of pressure increases and cooling are failure of intact rocks e.g. caprock, reactivation of faults and fractures creating leak pathways and/or seismicity and uplift of seabed that may affect surface infrastructure. For depleted gas reservoirs, the depleted pressure prior to injection provides significant capacity before the reservoir pressures reach initial conditions. There may be geomechanical changes during depletion including stress arches and hysteresis in the injection related stress path. Joule-Thomson cooling can occur during gas phase injection that could cause thermal fracturing. Halite is important in many UKCS stores for providing an effective seal due to extremely low poroperms and a lithostatic stress state. Halite below stores can also affect the overlying sequence response due to stress changes from halite creep. Geomechanical analysis and modelling is an important aspect of understanding CCS store behaviour and can provide guidance for planned activities such as injector locations, injection rates, overall injected CO
2
mass and the measurement, monitoring and verification plans.
Cleaning data with Swipe
Authors: Boeckling Toon , Bronselaer Antoon
Published: February 2025

The repair problem for functional dependencies is the problem where an input database needs to be modified such that all functional dependencies are satisfied and the difference with the original database is minimal. The output database is then called a
minimal-cost repair
. If the allowed modifications are value updates, finding a minimal-cost repair is

\(\mathsf {NP} \)

-hard. A well-known approach to find
approximations
of minimal-cost repairs builds a Chase tree in which each internal node resolves violations of one functional dependency and leaf nodes represent repairs. A key property of this approach is that controlling the branching factor of the Chase tree allows to control the trade-off between repair quality and computational efficiency. In this paper, we explore an extreme variant of this idea in which the Chase tree has only one path. To construct this path, we first create an
ordered partition
of attributes (i.e., a partition of which the classes are totally ordered) such that classes can be repaired sequentially. We repair each class only once and do so by fixing the order in which dependencies are repaired. This principle is called
priority repairing
and we provide a simple heuristic to determine priority. The techniques for attribute partitioning and priority repair are combined in an algorithm called Swipe. An empirical study on four real-life data sets shows that Swipe is one to three orders of magnitude faster than Llunatic and HoloClean, whereas the quality of repairs is comparable or better. A scalability analysis shows that Swipe scales linearly for an increasing number of tuples and quadratically for an increasing number of FDs.
Facial Expression Analysis in Parkinson's Disease Using Machine Learning: A Review
Authors: Camargo Guilherme , Ngo Quoc , Passos Leandro , Jodas Danilo , Papa Joao , Kumar Dinesh
Published: February 2025

Computerised facial expression analysis is performed for a range of social and commercial applications and more recently its potential in medicine such as to detect Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is emerging. This has possibilities for use in telehealth and population screening. The advancement of facial expression analysis using machine learning is relatively recent, with majority of the published work being post-2019. We have performed a systematic review of the English-based publication on the topic from 2019 to 2024 to capture the trends and identify research opportunities that will facilitate the translation of this technology for recognising Parkinson’s disease. The review shows significant advancements in the field, with facial expressions emerging as a potential biomarker for PD. Different machine learning models, from shallow to deep learning, could detect PD faces. However, the main limitation is the reliance on limited datasets. Furthermore, while significant progress has been made, model generalization must be tested before clinical applications.
Independent or Social Driven Decision? A Counterfactual Refinement Strategy for Graph-Based Social Recommendation
Authors: Li Dongyang , Sun Jianshan , Gao Chongming , Feng Fuli , Yuan Kun
Published: February 2025

Social recommendation models have traditionally relied on social homophily to enhance user preference prediction by incorporating information from socially connected friends. However, this approach neglects the diverse nature of social relationships. Some individuals with independent personalities often prioritize their own interests over friends’ advice when making purchase decisions. Conversely, those who seek advice from others are more susceptible to social influence. Moreover, existing methods tend to overlook redundant and noisy social relationships within the network, hindering their ability to achieve accurate recommendations. In response, this paper proposes a novel counterfactual method to understand the causal factors driving purchase behaviors, thereby identifying the influence of users’ friends on their purchase decisions. By answering counterfactual questions about the influence of a friend's purchase behavior on the user's choices, we develop a causal model to represent social influence in the network. Our proposed refinement strategy, grounded in causal inference, generates counterfactual purchase behavior and guides the refinement of the social graph. Moreover, we present tailored graph refinement methods at various levels, ensuring fine-grained improvements. Experimental results on benchmark data demonstrate that the application of our strategy to different social recommendation models significantly enhances their predictive performance. The source code has been made available on
https://github.com/LDY911/CFRSSR-Code
.
Increased functional and directed corticomuscular connectivity after dynamic motor practice but not isometric motor practice
Authors: Nielsen August Lomholt , Norup Malene , Bjørndal Jonas Rud , Wiegel Patrick , Spedden Meaghan Elizabeth , Lundbye-Jensen Jesper
Published: February 2025

How do differences in the constraints of a practiced motor task affect oscillatory functional connectivity between the motor cortex and muscle? Here, we investigate corticomuscular (CM) and intermuscular (IM) coherence during the hold-phase of a dynamic position control (PC) and isometric force control (FC) task. We also investigate the effects of PC motor practice requiring precise wrist flexions to designated target positions, and effects of FC motor practice involving isometric wrist flexions to designated target force levels or rest in a control group. In forty-six young healthy adults (aged 20-30), full-cap electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) were recorded from the flexor and extensor carpi radialis muscles during the tasks. Beta-band (15-35 Hz) CM and IM coherence were investigated as a task-related marker of oscillatory activity in the corticospinal system. At baseline, higher CM coupling was demonstrated during position control compared to force control. Following PC motor practice, CM beta-band coherence increased ( P = 0.038), while it remained unchanged for participants who practiced FC or rested. This pattern was also found for IM coherence. The increased oscillatory synchronization following PC practice was driven by greater descending signaling ( P = 0.025). We speculate that the observed differences between position and force control relate to task differences in corticomuscular control-strategy and the influence of different sensory modalities during motor practice. We interpret the results as indicating increased coupling between the motor cortex and the motoneuron pool of the contracting muscle following dynamic motor practice emphasizing requirements for position control in motor learning.
Whole-body coarticulation reflects expertise in sport climbing
Authors: Maselli Antonella , Musculus Lisa , Moretti Riccardo , d'Avella Andrea , Raab Markus , Pezzulo Giovanni
Published: February 2025

Taking sport climbing as a testbed, we explored coarticulation in naturalistic motor-behavior at the level of whole-body kinematics. Participants were instructed to execute a series of climbing routes, each composed of two initial foot-moves equal in all routes, and two subsequent hand-moves differing across routes in a set of eight possible configurations. The goal was assessing whether climbers modulate the execution of a given move depending on which moves come next in the plan. Coarticulation was assessed by training a set of classifiers and estimate how well the whole-body (or single-joint) kinematics during a given stage of the climbing execution could predict its future unfolding. Results showed that most participants engage in coarticulation, with temporal and bodily patterns that depend on expertise. Non-climbers tend to prepare the next-to-come move right before its onset and only after the end of the previous move. Rather, expert-climbers (and to a smaller extent, beginner-climbers) show early coarticulation during the execution of the previous move and engage in adjustments that involve the coordination of a larger number of joints across the body. These results demonstrate coarticulation effects in whole-body naturalistic motor behavior and as a function of expertise for the first time. Furthermore, the enhanced coarticulation found in expert-climbers provides hints for experts engaging in more refined mental processes converting abstract instructions (e.g., move the right hand to a given location) into motor simulations involving whole-body coordination. Overall, these results contribute to advancing our current knowledge of the rich interplay between cognition and motor control.
Determining the Best Weaning Age to Dry Feeds and the Influence of Phospholipids and Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LC‐PUFAs) on Digestive Enzyme Activity and Growth Performance of African Bony‐Tongue (Heterotis niloticus) Fry
Authors: Ofori-Darkwah Prince , Adjei-Boateng Daniel , Edziyie Regina Esi , Agbo Nelson Winston , Lund Ivar
Published: February 2025

Limited information exists on the dietary requirements of the African bony‐tongue (Heterotis niloticus) fry as well as the suitable age to wean fry from live prey to formulated diets. These have been the major challenges to the commercial culture of the species. This study assessed the optimal weaning age of fry as well as the effect of varying phospholipid (PL) content and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFAs) on survival, performance, and digestive enzyme activity of H. niloticus fry. The two weaning diets used were formulated to be isonitrogenous, isolipidic, and isoenergetic (49% CP, 20% CL, and 22.7 MJ/kg). The diets differed only in the content of PLs and LC‐PUFAs; eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Soy lecithin (PLs) and Algatrium DHA70 (a glyceride product high in DHA and EPA) were included at two levels. The diets were, respectively, labeled low phospholipid (LPP) (formulated to contain: 3.16% PLs, LC PUFAs: 0.66% DHA 0.10% EPA) and high phospholipid (HPP) (formulated to contain: 12.96% PLs, LC PUFAs: 3.04% DHA, 0.75% EPA). African bony‐tongue fry were fed Artemia nauplii until 15, 25, 35, 45, 65, or 85 days after hatching (DAH), respectively, then cofed with Artemia and one of the two weaning diets for an additional 7 days after which Artemia feeding was completely withdrawn. Hereafter, the fry were maintained solely on the experimental diets for 10 days. A control group was kept on Artemia nauplii throughout the experiment. The results showed that the survival rate of fish on the LPP and HPP diets increased significantly (p  < 0.05) with weaning age; from 0% (LPP and HPP) for fry weaned at 15 DAH to a survival rate of 69.4% ± 3.9% (LPP) and 80.0% ± 9.4% (HPP) at 65 and 85 DAH, respectively. This was, however, lower than the survival rate obtained for the control (Artemia) which was 93.3% ± 3.33% at 85 DAH. The final mean weight, weight gain, and survival rate improved significantly (p  < 0.05) for fry fed the HPP diet compared to the LPP diet. All digestive enzyme activity decreased significantly with increasing fish age (p  > 0.05). Based on the results, it is recommended, that H. niloticus fry is maintained on live Artemia nauplii and provided with dry feeds high in LC‐PUFAs (33.98 mg g−1 diet) and PLs (12.96 mg g−1 diet) from <65 DAH to obtain higher survival rates.
Bibliometric Analysis of Alpha‐Synuclein Determination by Biopsy in Peripheral Tissues of Patients With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Utegenova Aigerim B. , Yermagambetova Aigul P. , Kabdrakhmanova Gulnar B. , Khamidulla Alima A. , Urasheva Zhanylsyn U. , Kenzhinа Nazym K. , Zhussupova Zhanna , Nurlanova Gulzhanat N.
Published: February 2025

Study Evaluation: The bibliometric analysis of the published results of the alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn) detection study in the peripheral tissues of patients with Parkinson’s disease was carried out by us to study scientific activity and scientific productivity, to measure the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of scientific publications, author productivity, and citation of works, as well as the degree of interrelation between authors, journals, institutes, and countries.

Purpose: This study is aimed at bibliometrically analyzing the results of studies on the detection of α‐syn in peripheral tissue biopsy of patients with Parkinson’s disease from 2013 to 2023.

Methods: The data was extracted from the Scopus database collection using an inclusive search strategy. Performance analysis and science mapping were conducted using RStudio v.4.3.1 with the bibliometrix R‐package. The analyzed data encompassed trends in publication and citation and the identification of leading institutions, primary sources, authors, and collaborative countries.

Results: A total of 124 relevant studies from 53 different sources were thoroughly analyzed. The analysis included the materials of 843 authors, which together gave an impressive average of 37.67 citations per document over the past decade. The annual growth rate in this area of research, according to calculations, was 10.84%, indicating a steady increase in the number of publications over the study period. The huge volume of research results is highlighted by the inclusion of 231 unique keywords of authors.

Conclusion: Studies on the detection of pathological α‐syn in peripheral tissues for early morphological verification of the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease are relevant in clinical neurology. α‐syn detected in the skin biopsy of patients on the basis of this study and data from the world literature meets the requirements for biomarkers.
Heterogeneous responses to high-dose testosterone in castration-resistant prostate cancer tumors with mixed Rb-proficient and Rb-deficient cells
Authors: Labaf Maryam , Han Wanting , Zhang Songqi , Liu Mingyu , Patten Nolan D. , Li Muqing , Patalano Susan , Macoska Jill A. , Balk Steven P. , Han Dong , Zarringhalam Kourosh , Cai Changmeng
Published: February 2025

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a cornerstone in managing prostate cancer. However, its recurrence often leads to more aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Although second-line androgen receptor signaling inhibition (ARSi) treatments such as enzalutamide and abiraterone are available, their effectiveness against CRPC is only transient. High-dose testosterone (Hi-T) has recently emerged as a promising treatment for CRPC, primarily through the suppression of E2F and MYC signaling. However, the roles of Rb family proteins in influencing this therapeutic response remain debated. In this study, we utilized a CRPC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model that includes both Rb pathway-proficient and -deficient cell populations based on positive or negative expression of RB family genes. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed that Rb-proficient cells displayed a robust response to Hi-T, while Rb-deficient cells exhibited significant resistance. Notably, our analysis indicated an increased enrichment of a hypoxia signature in the Rb-deficient cell population. Further studies in RB1-silenced CRPC cell lines showed that the treatment of a HIF-1α inhibitor can restore the sensitivity of Rb-deficient cells to high-dose DHT treatment. In conclusion, our research provides new molecular insights into the CRPC tumor cell responses to Hi-T and proposes a new strategy to resensitize Rb-deficient CRPC cells to Hi-T treatment.
Development of a Burden Scale for Colonoscopy Experienced by Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Nunotani Maya , Takahashi Miho , Miyazaki Takuro
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This study aimed to develop and validate a burden scale for colonoscopy-specific experiences among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to assess its reliability and validity.
Methods: Building upon previous research on patient experiences and perceptions of colonoscopy, a 33-item pain scale was developed. Content validity was assessed to refine the questionnaire. An online survey was conducted through an IBD patient community. The reliability of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach’s α coefficient and test–retest reliability. Validity was examined through factor analysis to assess construct validity and correlation coefficients with external criteria for criterion-related validity.
Results: Of the 371 distributed questionnaires, 176 were returned, and data from 173 participants were included in the analysis. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis yielded a 21-item scale with four distinct factors: pain during colonoscopy, burden with bowel preparation, anxiety and symptoms after colonoscopy, and difficulty in taking time off to receive colonoscopy. The scale demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.875) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.879). Criterion-related validity was supported by correlations with external measures, including the cognitive appraisal rating scale (r = 0.615), anxiety related to colonoscopy (r = 0.582), pain during colonoscopy (r = 0.544), and satisfaction with colonoscopy (r = −0.333).
Conclusion: The newly developed burden scale for colonoscopy in patients with IBD demonstrated robust reliability and validity, indicating its potential utility as a clinical instrument for assessing the burden in this patient population.
Ectopic CRH/ACTH-Co-Secreting Neuroendocrine Tumors Leading to Cushing's Disease - A Case Presentation and Literature Review
Authors: Ewert Jasmin , Seidl Maximilian , Hommen Jann Achim , Schott Matthias , Gattermann Norbert
Published: February 2025

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) are essential regulators of cortisol production within the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Elevated cortisol levels, resulting from excessive ACTH, can lead to Cushing's syndrome, a condition with significant morbidity. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) can ectopically produce both ACTH and CRH, contributing to this syndrome. This review discusses the pathophysiology, types, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of these tumors. Emphasis is placed on the importance of identifying dual CRH/ACTH secretion, which complicates diagnosis and necessitates tailored therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, the review highlights the prognosis, common complications, and future directions for research in this area. We report the case of a 53-year-old female patient who presented with severe Cushing’s syndrome and was diagnosed with ectopic ACTH syndrome. Despite initial indications pointing towards pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism, further investigations revealed the presence of a highly differentiated atypically located tumor in the upper lobe of the left lung, adjacent to the mediastinum. Immunohistochemistry of the tumor tissue demonstrated not only ACTH but also CRH and CRH-R1 expression. The simultaneous expression of these molecules supports the hypothesis of the presence of a positive endocrine feedback loop within the NET, in which the release of CRH stimulates the expression of ACTH via binding to CRH-R1. This case report highlights the challenges in diagnosing and managing ectopic ACTH syndrome, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach to identify secondary factors impacting cortisol production, such as CRH production and other contributing neuroendocrine mechanisms.
ПРОЦЕСИ НАВЧАННЯ В ТЕХНОЛОГІЯХ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ
Authors: Мінцер О. П.
Published: February 2025

Обговорюються існуючі моделі теорії навчання та пропонується нова трансдисциплінарна модель для представлення ролі штучного інтелекту (ШІ) в удосконаленні процесів навчання та процедурах прийняття рішень. Дослідження присвячено концептуалізації основоположних ідей для моделі, що може стати основою розроблення додатків штучного інтелекту для підтримки процесів навчання на різних рівнях трансферу знань. Результати дослідження виявили, що випадкове використання методу навчання не може забезпечити високі результати трансферу знань, оскільки вкрай важливим є обґрунтована селективна стратегія передавання знань. Розроблення високоякісних і надійних симуляційних середовищ для відпрацювання алгоритмів передавання знань в охороні здоров’я може полегшити розроблення та валідацію методів навчання поза обмежень ретроспективних досліджень. Застосування методів, перевірених у таких симуляційних середовищах у реальних клінічних умовах із одночасним наглядом клініцистів дозволить вирішити проблеми вибору алгоритмів.
S-MODE: the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment
Authors: Farrar J. Thomas , D’Asaro Eric , Rodríguez Ernesto , Shcherbina Andrey , Lenain Luc , Omand Melissa , Wineteer Alex , Bhuyan Paban , Bingham Fred , Villas Boas A. B. , Czech Erin , D’Addezio Joseph , Freilich Mara , Grare Laurent , Hypolite Delphine , Jacobs Gregg , Klein Patrice , Lang Sarah , Leyba Inés M. , Li Zhijin , Mahadevan Amala , McWilliams James , Menemenlis Dimitris , Middleton Leo , Molemaker Jeroen , O’Neill Larry , Perkovic-Martin Dragana , Pizzo Nick , Rainville Luc , Rocha Cesar , Samelson R. M. , Simoes-Sousa Iury , Statom Nick , Thompson Andrew , Thompson David , Torres Hector , Uchoa Igor , Wenegrat Jacob , Westbrook Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

The Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) is a NASA Earth Ventures Suborbital investigation designed to test the hypothesis that oceanic frontogenesis and the kilometer-scale (“submesoscale”) instabilities that accompany it make important contributions to vertical exchange of climate and biological variables in the upper ocean. These processes have been difficult to resolve in observations, making model validation challenging. A necessary step toward testing the hypothesis was to make accurate measurements of upper-ocean velocity fields over a broad range of scales and to relate them to the observed variability of vertical transport and surface forcing. A further goal was to examine the relationship between surface velocity, temperature and chlorophyll measured by remote sensing, and their depth-dependent distributions, within and beneath the surface boundary layer. To achieve these goals, we used aircraft-based remote sensing, satellite remote sensing, ships, drifter deployments, and a fleet of autonomous vehicles. The observational component of S-MODE consisted of three campaigns, all conducted in the Pacific Ocean approximately 100 km west of San Francisco during 2021-2023 fall and spring. S-MODE was enabled by recent developments in remote sensing technology that allowed operational airborne observation of ocean surface velocity fields and by advances in autonomous instrumentation that allowed coordinated sampling with dozens of uncrewed vehicles at sea. The coordinated use of remote sensing measurements from three aircraft with arrays of remotely operated vehicles and other in situ measurements is a major novelty of S-MODE. All S-MODE data is freely available, and its use is encouraged.
Il restauro del Ritratto diItalo Calvino della Pinacoteca Carlo Levi di Alassio: Conservazione, studio e ricerca nell’ambito dell’azione di tutela della Soprintendenza
Authors: Avogadro Martina , De Cupis Francesca
Published: February 2025

In 2019, the Superintendency of Archaeology, Fine Arts, and Landscape for the metropolitan city of Genoa and the provinces of Imperia, La Spezia, and Savona initiated a comparative technical study on the works of the Carlo Levi Gallery in Alassio. The study aimed to investigate the conservation status of the paintings in relation to environmental variables and the various techniques employed by the painter throughout his artistic career. This paper examines the findings of this research, aiming to provide a useful tool for similar investigations into the artist's works in other Italian museums. Additionally, the authors analyze the restoration of the Portrait of Italo Calvino conducted in 2021–2022.
How Political Ideology Shapes Military Spending? Political Determinants of Military Expenditures in EU and NATO Member Countries
Authors: Olejnik Łukasz Wiktor
Published: February 2025

This article aims to test hypotheses regarding the nuanced influence of the political process on the level of disaggregated military spending in 29 European Union (EU) and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries over the period 1999–2022. The results, based on the newly created dataset of election results in 510 municipalities or constituencies with military bases in the studied countries, indicate that governments with above-average support of military-related voters in previous elections spend more on the military during the entire term. This suggests that ruling politicians support their core voters. The results also indicate that right-wing governments tend to spend more on arms purchases, while left-wing governments tend to spend more on military personnel. It can be posited that government ideology may create compositional political budgetary cycles, due to the fact that in election years, left-wing governments significantly increase personnel expenditures, while right-wing governments spend more on arms.
The paradoxes of sustainable HRM: Insights through the perspective of common good, green, social responsibility, and triple bottom line
Authors: Ahmad Giran Ahmad Hafizi , Muhamad Tamyez Puteri Fadzline , Fauzi Muhammad Ashraf
Published: February 2025

Background

With the increasing demand for sustainability in traditional human resource management (HRM), firms in developing countries struggle to meet both efficiency and sustainability needs. In response to this deficiency, the present study proposes a sustainable human resource management (SHRM) model focusing on the interaction of SHRM pillars with the perceived barriers and paradoxical views among human resource (HR) managers.

Objective

This paper employs an exploratory qualitative case study of how SHRM is perceived from the perspective of HR managers and their paradoxical views and barriers during the process.

Methods

Drawing on paradox theory and derive the data from four semi-structured interviews. The study engaged with a qualitative research tool using ATLAS.ti 24.

Results

The study found that the four pillars of SHRM are dominantly present, namely, socially responsible human resource management, green human resource management, triple bottom line, and common good human resource management, while another pillar of SHRM, namely, triple bottom line found a weak balance between planet, profit, and people, which significantly shows an efficiency-substance paradox. Other paradoxes were identified, namely, the efficiency-responsibility paradox and the present-future paradox.

Conclusions

We present an integrated model of interaction between pillars, barriers, and paradoxes of SHRM practices to guide HR managers in decision-making, planning, and evaluation. The study implies that although firms have demonstrated SHRM practices, external and internal support is certainly needed to fully assist them in managing SHRM and their paradoxical views and concerns.
Hydroxyapatite coating on ZnO nanoparticles for ultraviolet filter agents
Authors: Jonuarti Riri , Darvina Yenni , Kurniawati Yenni
Published: February 2025

This experimental work aimed to investigate the effects of hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and the extent to which the HAp coating improves the protective efficacy of ZnO-based sunscreen against UV radiation. First, the HAp-coated ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized. Afterwards, they were mixed into a basic sunscreen lotion. Precipitation and spray coating methods were applied in the synthesis process of HAp and HAp-coated ZnO nanoparticles, which were then continued with a series of characterizations using XRF, XRD, UV-vis DRS, and SEM-EDS. The results show that an HAp coating on ZnO surfaces can make this nanomaterial's optical band gap wider. Also, it makes ZnO nanoparticles less capable of both absorbing UV light and performing photocatalytic reactions. Furthermore, the HAp layer on ZnO nanoparticles effectively increases UV radiation reflectance in sunscreens. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the HAp coating will improve inorganic sunscreen protection against UV radiation.
‘I can’t even read straight’: Exploring the influences on LGBTQ+ library collections through an artificial-intelligence-mediated parallel-synthesis-scoping-review approach
Authors: Morris Martin , Stevens Gregg A , Siegel John
Published: February 2025

A small but mature body of literature around LGBTQ+ library collections is available to researchers and practitioners. Using a novel method – the parallel synthesis scoping review – the authors have incorporated artificial-intelligence-enabled topic modelling into the traditional scoping review method to explore the underlying factors influencing the collection of LGBTQ+ materials in libraries. This review was supported by a systematic scoping search of five databases (Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts; Scopus; MEDLINE; Embase; Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), with blinded screening and data extraction. Parallel synthesis led to a framework charting stakeholders against an Outreach ↔ Censorship Continuum. It includes 16 forms of censorship and outreach, and 8 underlying influences that encourage behaviours towards either censorship or outreach. The authors further find that the framework is a manifestation of a struggle between two competing visions of safe spaces, in which librarians have used many strategies to resist censorship and ensure that their collections provide a safe space for LGBTQ+ library patrons.
Personality psychology is getting personal: Advancing the field through personalization
Authors: Modersitzki Nick , Phan Le Vy , McDonald Suzanne , Wright Aidan GC , Renner Karl-Heinz
Published: February 2025

While many basic research fields of psychology are mostly concerned with the search for general laws, personality psychology is also—and perhaps even primarily—tasked with studying individuality. Describing, explaining, predicting, or changing the experiential-behavioral reality of the individual person requires research methodologies that support valid person-level inferences, grounded in precise assessments and suitable statistical analyses. Traditional population-based methodologies often fall short because population-to-individual generalizability cannot be readily assumed, and one-size-fits-all approaches do not do justice to the individual. We propose that, in personality psychology and beyond, research processes must be personalized to effectively capture and address the complex nuances of individual personalities. Personalization may include developing person-specific psychometric tools, study designs, analytical models, and interventions. Such tailored approaches could not only enhance personality research but also aid in uncovering general psychological principles that manifest differently, perhaps even uniquely, across individuals. Moreover, the broader trend towards personalized solutions in fields like psychotherapy, health psychology, and educational psychology creates an opportunity for personality psychology to demonstrate and broaden its practical relevance.
Recommendations to improve the usability of research results as reference system elements addressing corporate engineers, researchers, and policymakers
Authors: Kempf Christoph , Molz Jasmin , Ritzer Katharina , Schlegel Michael , Haberkern Patrick , Behdinan Kamran , Albers Albert
Published: February 2025

Product engineering is a highly complex process faced with many challenges. To meet today’s challenges of society, such as climate change, energy production and demands, and demographic shifts, and to achieve economic success for companies, technical solutions in products and systems must evolve and advance. Hereby, university research provides a potent source of cutting-edge technologies and knowledge that companies can use as input to advance their solutions. However, many challenges and barriers hinder the process of transferring new technologies, concepts, and knowledge from research to corporate engineering. In this article, we present 22 recommendations to improve the usability of research results for the activities and processes of corporate product engineering. These recommendations address the three relevant target groups: (I) corporate engineers and companies, (II) researchers and research facilities, and (III) funding agencies and (research) policymakers. First, we offer recommendations for corporate engineers and companies to integrate research results more efficiently. Second, we present recommendations for researchers and research facilities to support the promotion and transferability of their research results. Third, we provide recommendations for funding agencies and (research) policymakers to positively influence the usability of research results in corporate engineering. We expect that implementing one or more of our recommendations will enhance the efficiency of knowledge and technology transfer into corporate product engineering. We anticipate this will lead to faster technological advancements for companies and social benefits by addressing today’s major challenges more effectively.
Intersecting Precarities in Housing and Legal Status: No Residence Permit Without Permanent Residence
Authors: Winkler Katharina , Wyss Anna
Published: February 2025

This article shows that different manifestations of precarity often interact and mutually reinforce each other. Drawing on a research project on precarious housing in two cities in Germany and Switzerland and focusing on migratised individuals, we show that people frequently encounter precarity not only in terms of housing but also in terms of legal status. We argue that narrowly concentrating on isolated areas of people’s lives may overlook the overall severity of their situation. We introduce the concept of ‘intersecting precarities’ to highlight how different uncertain, instable and unpredictable conditions across distinct domains of life interact in a multidirectional way and create complex situations that trap individuals in Catch-22 situations. Our approach therefore advances the literature on precarity and brings together studies on migration, welfare and housing, while also suggesting that exploring the interaction of different manifestations of precarity can benefit fields of study beyond housing and legal status.
Modeling and stability control of steering and reconfiguration motion for wheel-legged metamorphic robot
Authors: Zhao Dong , Liu Jun , Yang Pengliang , Cui Taowen , Wu Di , Zhang Liang
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces a wheel-legged metamorphic robot, that combines elements from both wheeled vehicles and legged mechanisms. It can switch between driving on wheels and walking on legs. One major challenge is ensuring stability during steering and reconfiguration, as the robot can become unstable during this process. To address this, we designed the steering and reconfiguration motion based on the robot’s design and established a spatial kinematic model using the homogeneous coordinate transformation method. A virtual prototype was created for verification results. Additionally, an electromechanical dynamic model was developed for the robot’s center-of-mass position-adjusting mechanism. To enhance system stability during steering and reconfiguration, a fuzzy-PID algorithm based on zero-moment-point theory was designed to control the slider movement within this mechanism. The effectiveness of this stability control has been verified through simulation and experimental validation.
Incrementally trained short-term wind turbine power prediction model based on long short-term memory
Authors: Yu Qihui , Liu Xiaohui , Tan Xin , Qin Ripeng , Hao Xueqing , Sun Guoxin
Published: February 2025

To enhance the prediction accuracy of short-term wind turbine power prediction models, this study proposes an incremental prediction model based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Initially, the LSTM module is employed to process data related to wind turbines, and the key parameters of the network (hidden layer units, learning rate, batch size, time step) are estimated using the discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm (DPSO) Subsequently, incremental learning is introduced to dynamically update the model, and a merged weight updating strategy is adopted to alleviate potential overfitting during the incremental training process. In this study, publicly available wind energy datasets are used for experimentation (with a data time interval of 5 minutes), and compared and validated against three other framework models: overall LSTM, Informer, and Paddle. Experiments show that the MAE value of the proposed model is 0.137 and the RMSE value is 0.199, which is comparable to the performance of the overall LSTM model (with fluctuations of 2% and 0.7% respectively). The average training time for the proposed model is 14,773.4 ms, representing an 81% reduction compared to other models.
Teachers’ Technology Proficiency for Quality Learning and Teaching—A Scoping Review
Authors: Gangmei Ningchuiliu , Thomas Kennedy A.
Published: February 2025

Teachers with solid technological backgrounds are better equipped to improve and transform the educational process to achieve a high-quality education. The Arksey and O'Malley framework was adopted for this scoping review, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used to choose journals. The study aimed to analyze international studies to ascertain the authors’ study design, teachers’ ICT proficiency, the study's significance, and potential areas for improvement. The findings suggested that teachers’ ICT proficiency would increase instructional efficacy, ultimately raising educational standards.
Christian Nationalism is Unbounded by LGB Identity
Authors: Walker Brooklyn , Djupe Paul A.
Published: February 2025

Previous research has noted that those who hold Christian nationalist worldviews hew strongly toward anti-gay rights policy, among other hierarchical, discriminatory commitments. Thus far, no research has explored the extent of Christian nationalism and the consistency of its relationships with public policy across sexual orientations. Drawing on multiple datasets with appropriate questions from 2017 through 2023, we document that there are, in fact, LGB Americans with Christian nationalist views. And then we find only small gaps and many similar slopes in how they link Christian nationalism to their policy positions. Moreover, unlike the pattern among racial groups, the similarities do not stop at the ingroup door—we find Christian nationalist LGB Americans taking positions against anti-LGB-discrimination efforts and against same-sex marriage. We argue that LGB Christian nationalism is a response to acceptance threat and that religion plays an especially strong role in leading LGB Americans to advocate for a Christian America devoid of equality for LGB Americans.