bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Foundations of Xenophilia: Understanding and Measuring the Motivational Functions of Exploratory Cross-Cultural Contact
Authors: Stürmer Stefan , Benbow Alison E. F.
Published: August 2017

Two multipart studies (total N = 1,638) were conducted to introduce and test a functional perspective on exploratory cross-cultural contact. Studies 1a and 1b addressed the lack of standardized measures and developed a psychometrically valid inventory of six individual motivational functions: knowledge and understanding, value expression, professional advancement, social development, personal-, and group-image concerns. Studies 2a and 2b produced experimental evidence that different environments offer differing “fulfillment opportunities” such that the motivating potential of a distinct contact function results from a function by environment fit. First, participants were more persuaded by and wanted to visit a cultural center more when it matched their motivational functions (Study 2a). Second, participants showed a preference to choose an intercultural interaction partner with a higher potential over a partner with a lower potential to fulfill their primary cross-cultural contact motivation (Study 2b, preregistered). Theoretical and practical implications of this perspective are discussed.
Micropolitics and the minor
Authors: Jellis Thomas , Gerlach Joe
Published: August 2017

Micropolitical investments and minor theoretical energies are of growing concern to geographers, yet conceptual ambiguity has inhibited broader discussion and deployment of these terms, even if they are the pivots of what we understand as, or take to be, the ‘political’. In an effort to reinvigorate a dialogue about these crucial but underplayed concepts, and in an effort to push a micropolitical ethos in and of itself, we introduce a forum composed of six short interventions by geographers engaged in matters of the minor and micropolitical. Following these interventions, and leaning on a landmark article published in this journal 21 years ago, Cindi Katz revisits and reflects upon a vibrant conceptual assemblage that perhaps matters more now than ever, not least in questions of hope, discipline, ethics, existence, and politics itself.
Latin American triple-A journals 1
Authors: Machin-Mastromatteo Juan D. , Tarango Javier , Medina-Yllescas Eduardo
Published: August 2017

The current presence of Latin American journals in Web of Science and Scopus is analyzed, as the first part of a quality roadmap intended to strengthen regional publications, especially those that have started as institutional publications. The next issue will study the quality requirements and journals’ presence in other recognized indexes and platforms such as Scimago Journal and Country Rank, the Directory of Open Access Journals, Latindex, SciELO, and RedALyC.
Optical verification and in-vitro characterization of two commercially available acoustic bubble counters for cardiopulmonary bypass systems
Authors: Segers Tim , Stehouwer Marco C. , de Somer Filip M.J.J. , de Mol Bastian A. , Versluis Michel
Published: August 2017

Introduction:

Gaseous microemboli (GME) introduced during cardiac surgery are considered as a potential source of morbidity, which has driven the development of the first bubble counters. Two new generation bubble counters, introduced in the early 2000s, claim correct sizing and counting of GME. This in-vitro study aims to validate the accuracy of two bubble counters using monodisperse bubbles in a highly controlled setting at low GME concentrations.

Methods:

Monodisperse GME with a radius of 43 µm were produced in a microfluidic chip. Directly after their formation, they were injected one-by-one into the BCC200 and the EDAC sensors. GME size and count, measured with the bubble counters, were optically verified using high-speed imaging.

Results:

During best-case scenarios or low GME concentrations of GME with a size of 43 µm in radius in an in-vitro setup, the BCC200 overestimates GME size by a factor of 2 to 3 while the EDAC underestimates the average GME size by at least a factor of two. The BCC200 overestimates the GME concentration by approximately 20% while the EDAC overestimates the concentration by nearly one order of magnitude. Nevertheless, the calculated total GME volume is only over-predicted by a factor 2 since the EDAC underestimates the actual GME size. For the BCC200, the total GME volume was over-predicted by 25 times due to the over-estimation of GME size.

Conclusions:

The measured errors in the absolute sizing/counting of GME do not imply that all results obtained using the bubble counters are insignificant or invalid. A relative change in bubble size or bubble concentration can accurately be measured. However, care must be taken in the interpretation of the results and their absolute values. Moreover, the devices cannot be used interchangeably when reporting GME activity. Nevertheless, both devices can be used to study the relative air removal characteristics of CPB components or for the quantitative monitoring of GME production during CPB interventions.
A sonographic study of thigh telangiectasias
Authors: Santiago Fabricio R , Piscoya Mario , Chi Yung-Wei
Published: August 2017

Introduction

To date, there are limited descriptive data on the ultrasonographic characteristics of reticular and perforator veins associated with telangiectasias of the thigh.

Objectives

Evaluate the prevalence, anatomic correlations of reticular and perforator veins associated with lateral thigh telangiectasias.

Methods

This was a cohort study performed between June and December of 2014. Twenty-four female patients (43 limbs) with telangiectasias of the lateral thigh were evaluated by duplex ultrasound. Reticular and perforator veins were characterized according to valvular competency, vein diameter and connection with perforator veins at the thigh. Body mass index, current use of oral contraceptive, and history of pregnancy correlation data were also collected. A non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and a Student's t-test test were used for analysis.

Results

All 43 limbs had incompetent reticular veins underlying telangiectasias sites. A total of 20 incompetent perforator veins were found to be connected to the reticular veins. Obese and overweight patients had a higher prevalence of incompetent perforator veins and larger reticular veins when compared to those with normal weight (P < 0.05). Lower extremities with telangiectasias had a higher frequency of total perforator veins (n = 33) and incompetent perforator veins (n = 16) than extremities without telangiectasias (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Lateral thigh telangiectasias were associated with both incompetent reticular and perforator veins. Obese and overweight patients were especially affected.
Image quality and radiation dose of CT venography with double dose reduction using model based iterative reconstruction: comparison with conventional CT venography using filtered back projection
Authors: Jeong Yeo-Jin , Choo Ki Seok , Nam Kyung Jin , Lee Ji Won , Kim Jin You , Jung Hyuk Jae , Lim Soo Jin
Published: August 2017

Background

Computed tomography venography (CTV) at low kVp using model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) can enhance vascular enhancement with noise reduction.

Purpose

To evaluate image qualities and radiation doses of CTV at 80 kVp using MBIR and a small iodine contrast media (CM) dose and to compare these with those of CTV performed using a conventional protocol.

Material and Methods

Sixty-five patients (mean age = 58.1 ± 7.2 years) that underwent CTV for the evaluation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and varicose veins were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (35 patients, 80 kVp, MBIR, automatic tube current modulation, CM = 270 mg/mL, 100 mL) and Group B (30 patients, 100 kVp, filtered back projection [FBP], 120 fixed mA, CM = 370 mg/mL, 120 mL). Objective and subjective image qualities of inferior vena cava (IVC), femoral vein (FV), and popliteal vein (PV) were assessed and radiation doses were recorded.

Results

Mean vascular enhancement in group A was significantly lower than in group B ( P < 0.01). Noise in group A was significantly lower than in group B except for PV and contrast-to-noise ratio were not significantly different in the two groups ( P > 0.05). In addition, radiation dose in group A was significantly lower than in group B ( P < 0.001). Subjective image quality comparison revealed group A was statistically inferior to group B except for subjective image noise.

Conclusion

CTV at 80 kVp using MBIR with small iodine contrast dose provided acceptable image quality at a lower radiation dose than conventional CTV using FBP.
Age- and sex-related differences in the presentation of paediatric migraine: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wilcox Sophie Louise , Ludwick Allison Marra , Lebel Alyssa , Borsook David
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Although migraine is a common headache complaint in children and adolescents there remains a significant gap in understanding the unique aspects of the disease in these age groups and their evolution with development. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to identify migraine features that are influenced by age and sex.

Methods

The headache characteristics of 359 paediatric patients with a clinical diagnosis of migraine from a tertiary paediatric headache clinic were assessed. Patients retrospectively reported headache characteristics during a structured intake interview and clinical exam. Headache characteristics, description and associated symptoms were compared between children (age ≤ 12 years) and adolescents (age > 12 years), and between male and female migraineurs.

Results

Several migraine features differed significantly with age and/or sex, including: (i) a marked change from a 1:1 sex ratio in children to a 2:1 predominance of girls in adolescents; (ii) a higher frequency of headache attacks per month in adolescents and female migraineurs; (iii) a higher proportion of adolescents endorsed a ‘throbbing’ pain quality; (iv) a higher proportion of children reporting nausea and vomiting; and (v) a higher proportion of adolescents, particularly female migraineurs, had a diagnosis of a co-morbid anxiety.

Conclusion

The presentation of migraine, both in terms of its headache characteristics and associated symptoms, appear to vary as a function of age and sex. Given that migraine symptoms have a neural basis, it is not surprising that during the key period of neurodevelopment from childhood to adolescence this may impact their presentation.
The Roots of STEM Achievement: An Analysis of Persistence and Attainment in STEM Majors
Authors: Green Alan , Sanderson Danielle
Published: August 2017

This article analyzes persistence and attainment in postsecondary science, engineering, technology, and math (STEM) education using data from the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study. Ability is shown to have a consistent impact on STEM performance. Self-efficacy has large estimated impacts, and there is evidence of strong bias against women. High school math preparation and attending small colleges increase the likelihood of noninterested students switching to STEM fields. Overall, there is little evidence that collegiate educational experiences affect persistence or attainment. The results indicate that policies to improve high school math preparation and address the gender gap would be most effective.

JEL Classifications: I21, I28
Canadian Guidelines for the Pharmacological Treatment of Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders in Children and Youth
Authors: Abidi Sabina , Mian Irfan , Garcia-Ortega Iliana , Lecomte Tania , Raedler Thomas , Jackson Kevin , Jackson Kim , Pringsheim Tamara , Addington Donald
Published: August 2017

Objective:

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders often have their onset in adolescence. The sequelae of these illnesses can negatively alter the trajectory of emotional, cognitive, and social development in children and youth if left untreated. Early and appropriate interventions can improve outcomes. This article aims to identify best practices in the pharmacotherapy management of children and youth with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Methods:

A systematic search was conducted for published guidelines for schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders in children and youth (under age 18 years). Recommendations were drawn from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines on psychosis and schizophrenia in children and youth (2013 and 2015 updates). Current guidelines were adopted using the ADAPTE process, which includes consensus ratings by a panel of experts.

Results:

Recommendations identified covered a range of issues in the pharmacotherapy management of children and youth with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Further work in this area is warranted as we continue to further understand their presentation in the developing brain.

Conclusions:

Canadian guidelines for the pharmacotherapy management of children and youth with schizophrenia spectrum disorders are essential to assist clinicians in treating this vulnerable population. Ongoing work in this area is recommended.
Mechanical characterization of natural fiber intra-ply fabric polymer composites: Influence of chemical modifications
Authors: Rajesh M , Pitchaimani Jeyaraj
Published: August 2017

The influence of surface treatment (alkali, potassium permanganate, benzoyl chloride and silane) on the mechanical, dynamic mechanical and free vibration properties of intra-ply hybrid banana/jute woven fabric composite has been analyzed. Intra-ply woven fabrics are fabricated by keeping banana yarn in weft direction and jute yarn in warp direction of a basket-type woven fabric. Results reveal that the enhancement of tensile and flexural strengths of the composite due to the chemical treatment is marginal, except for the benzoyl chloride treatment. However, the chemical treatment results in better impact strength compared to the untreated composite. Tensile, flexural and impact strengths of the benzoyl chloride treatment increase by 10%, 30% and 50%, respectively, compared to untreated composite. It is evident from Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectra that benzoyl chloride treatment effectively removes the hemicellulose and lignin content. It is observed that benzoyl chloride and alkali treatment improves the dynamic mechanical characteristics. Experimental modal analysis carried out on intra-ply fabric composites reveals that benzoyl chloride treatment increases the natural frequency significantly compared to the untreated composite.
The Concrete–Representational–Abstract Approach for Students With Learning Disabilities: An Evidence-Based Practice Synthesis
Authors: Bouck Emily C. , Satsangi Rajiv , Park Jiyoon
Published: August 2017

As researchers and practitioners have increasingly become interested in what practices are evidence based and for whom in education, different sets of quality indicators and evidence-based practice standards have emerged in the field of special education. Practices are commonly suggested as evidence based, even without a best evidence synthesis on the existing research, such as the case with the concrete–representational–abstract (CRA) instructional framework to support students with disabilities in mathematics. This study sought to support the classification of the CRA instructional framework as an evidence-based approach for students with learning disabilities by applying quality indicators and standards of evidence-based practice by Cook et al. (2014). Based on the application of the indicators and standards, the CRA instructional framework was determined to be an evidence-based practice for students with learning disabilities who struggle in mathematics relative to computational problems, such as addition, subtraction, and multiplication, largely with regrouping.
Adaptive backstepping radial basis function neural network controller design for a Mars lander during the powered descent phase
Authors: Kang Sang-Wook , Bang Hyochoong , Lee Sang-Ryool
Published: August 2017

When a Mars lander is guided to follow a predetermined reference trajectory during the powered descent phase, large tracking errors occur due to strong perturbations caused by enormous external disturbances, such as the Martian atmosphere and wind and dust storms, as well as considerable uncertainties. The tracking performance is determined directly by the accuracy of the system model, especially with regard to nonlinear terms. In this paper, an adaptive backstepping radial basis function neural network controller is developed for a Mars lander to achieve precise tracking to a reference trajectory during the powered descent phase. The main part of the controller is designed with backstepping, and a radial basis function neural network with an online adaptive law for the weight vector is used as an auxiliary part to approximate unknown nonlinear functions, including the gravitational force, Coriolis force, centrifugal force, atmospheric drag force, atmospheric lift force, wind force, and unknown uncertainties. The proposed adaptive backstepping radial basis function neural network controller guarantees that tracking errors and radial basis sunction neural network weight estimation errors eventually converge to the uniformly ultimately bounded values according to the Lyapunov stability theory. Additionally, this study presents an online adaptive law for the weight vector. The simulation results show that the adaptive backstepping radial basis function neural network controller has an excellent tracking performance in the severe environmental conditions of Mars with strong external disturbances and large variations in uncertainties. Furthermore, this study reveals that the radial basis function neural network has an outstanding capability to approximate unknown nonlinear functions.
Correlates of engagement in group sex events among men who have sex with men in London who use geosocial-networking smartphone applications
Authors: Goedel William C , Duncan Dustin T
Published: August 2017

Men who have sex with men (MSM) who attend group sex events (GSEs) tend to also engage in high-risk sexual behaviors and substance use that may place them at additional increased risk for becoming infected with HIV. These sorts of events may be facilitated by the use of geosocial-networking smartphone applications, where MSM may have access to a large virtual pool of potential partners. The purpose of the current study was to examine the prevalence of recent engagement in GSEs and its demographic and behavioral correlates among a sample of MSM ( n = 202). Log-binomial models were fit to assess correlates of engagement in GSEs in the preceding three months. Overall, 42.6% had engaged in a GSE in the preceding three months. In multivariable models, the use of inhalant nitrites (PR: 2.239; 95% CI: 1.119, 4.848; p = .024) and methamphetamine (PR: 7.601; 95% CI: 2.340, 24.691; p = .001) were associated with recent engagement in GSEs. Given the high prevalence of these potentially high-risk behaviors, future research should be conducted to examine the concurrent use of substance use and condom use at the GSEs to develop appropriate risk reduction interventions.
Multi-objective robust design optimization of a mechatronic system with uncertain parameters, using a polynomial chaos expansion method
Authors: Bilel Najlawi , Mohamed Nejlaoui , Zouhaier Affi , Lotfi Romdhane
Published: August 2017

This article deals with the multi-objective robust design optimization of a mechatronic system used in sewing machines under uncertain design parameters. This mechatronic system is a needle bar and thread take-up lever mechanism driven by a direct current motor. The motor current and current fluctuation are minimized at the same time. The obtained results from a deterministic optimization showed a high sensitivity to design parameters. As an alternative, a robust multi-objective design optimization of the mechatronic system is conducted. For this goal, a multi-objective imperialist competitive algorithm combined with a polynomial chaos expansion method is investigated. Throughout a comparison with the deterministic results, we show that the robust performances of the mechatronic system are not sensible to design parameters’ uncertainties.
Discordance of patient and physician health status concerns in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Golder V , Ooi J J Y , Antony A S , Ko T , Morton S , Kandane-Rathnayake R , Morand E F , Hoi A Y
Published: August 2017

Objectives

To compare the health status concerns of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and of their physicians.

Methods

Cross-sectional questionnaire study of SLE patients and their treating physicians at a tertiary disease-specific outpatient clinic. Patients and physicians completed a questionnaire regarding their concern about specific disease manifestations and impact on quality of life. For each item, degree of concern was rated on a five-point Likert scale and summarized as median (interquartile range). Ratings between patients and physicians were compared using Mann–Whitney U tests.

Results

A total of 84 patients and 21 physicians participated. Patients’ predominant concerns centred on function and fatigue, whereas physicians’ concerns focused on SLE-related organ complications. Of the 10 highest ranked patient concerns, only two were common to the 10 highest ranked physician concerns, while physicians rated seven significantly differently; all 10 highest ranked physician concerns were rated significantly lower by patients. The three highest ranked patient concerns (fatigue, pain and feeling worn out) were routinely assessed by 47.6%, 42.9% and 9.5% of physicians, respectively.

Conclusion

There was significant discordance between SLE patient and physician health status concerns. Items which were ranked highly by patients were not assessed consistently by physicians, highlighting a significant gap in healthcare communication.
Effector T-cells are expanded in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with high disease activity and damage indexes
Authors: Piantoni S , Regola F , Zanola A , Andreoli L , Dall’Ara F , Tincani A , Airo’ P
Published: August 2017

Background and objectives

T-cell activation may be one of the pathogenic mechanisms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). After repeated antigenic stimulation, T-cells undergo different modifications, leading to the differentiation into effector memory T-cells (CCR7−CD45RA−) and terminally differentiated effector memory (TDEM) T-cells (CCR7−CD45RA+). Similarly, down-modulation of CD28 may lead to the expansion of the CD28− T-cells, a subpopulation with peculiar effector activities. The aim of this study was the characterization of T-cell phenotype in a cohort of patients with SLE according to disease activity and damage index.

Materials and methods

Phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood T lymphocytes of 51 SLE patients and 21 healthy controls was done by flow-cytometry. SLE disease activity was evaluated by SLE Disease Activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and damage by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index (SDI). The variations between different groups were evaluated by Mann–Whitney test. Bonferroni correction was applied to adjust for multiple comparisons ( padj). Spearman rank test was used to evaluate the correlations between quantitative variables.

Results

CD4+ lymphopenia was found among SLE patients. Patients showed a trend for a higher percentage of TDEM among the CD4+ T-cell subpopulation in comparison with healthy controls ( p = .04). SLE patients were divided into two groups according to disease activity: patients with SLEDAI-2K ≥ 6 ( n = 13) had a higher percentage of circulating CD4+ T-cells with CD28− phenotype ( padj = .005) as well as those with an effector memory ( padj = .004) and TDEM ( padj = .002) phenotype and a trend of decrease of regulatory T-cells (TREGs) ( p = .02), in comparison with patients with low disease activity ( n = 38). Patients with damage (SDI ≥ 1) tended to show an expansion of TDEM among CD4+ T-cells as compared with patients with no damage ( p = .01). In SLE patients an inverse correlation was found between the percentages of TREGs and those of TDEM ( p < .01) or CD4 + CD28− ( p < .01) T-cells.

Conclusions

CD4+ T-cell subpopulations displaying phenotype characteristics of effector lymphocytes are proportionally expanded in patients with active SLE and a higher damage index. These findings may suggest a role of effector T-cells in the pathogenesis of the disease and in the mechanisms of damage in SLE.
Cerebral tuberculosis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus following cyclophosphamide treatment: a case report
Authors: Cooray S , Zhang H , Breen R , Carr-White G , Howard R , Cuadrado M , D’Cruz D , Sanna G
Published: August 2017

Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis (TB) is a rare but catastrophic event in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here we report a case of cerebral TB in a patient with lupus myocarditis and nephritis, following cyclophosphamide immunosuppression. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of cerebral TB in SLE in a non-endemic country.

A 31-year-old female with SLE and a history of regular travel to Kenya presented to our centre with clinical features of acute heart failure. She was diagnosed with severe lupus myocarditis, and a renal biopsy also confirmed lupus nephritis. Prior to admission, she had also had a cough, fever and weight loss and was under investigation for suspected TB infection. She was treated with ivabradine, beta-blockers and diuretics together with methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide immunosuppression. Subsequent sputum cultures confirmed TB and she was commenced on triple therapy. Despite this, she developed confusion, dizziness, blurred vision and fluctuating consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lumbar puncture revealed CNS TB infection resulting in meningitis. This was later complicated by obstructive hydrocephalus due to TB abscesses. A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was inserted and TB medications were given intravenously (IV) with dexamethasone. Following a prolonged hospital admission, the patient eventually recovered and rituximab treatment was used to control her SLE.

TB infection has been associated with SLE flares. It is likely in this case that TB exacerbated a lupus flare and subsequent immunosuppression resulted in mycobacterial dissemination to the CNS. Systemic and CNS features of TB and SLE are difficult to distinguish and their contemporaneous management represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
Hydroxychloroquine in the primary thrombosis prophylaxis of antiphospholipid antibody positive patients without systemic autoimmune disease
Authors: Erkan D , Unlu O , Sciascia S , Belmont H M , Branch D Ware , Cuadrado M J , Gonzalez E , Knight J S , Uthman I , Willis R , Zhang Z , Wahl D , Zuily S , Tektonidou M G
Published: August 2017

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the primary thrombosis prevention of antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-positive patients with no other systemic autoimmune diseases.

Methods

Under the auspices of Antiphospholipid Syndrome Alliance for Clinical Trials and International Networking, a multicenter, international, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was initiated, in which persistently aPL-positive but thrombosis-free patients without systemic autoimmune diseases were randomized to receive HCQ or no treatment in addition to their standard regimen. The primary objective was the efficacy of HCQ in preventing the first thrombosis. The secondary objectives were the thrombosis incidence rate, and the effects of HCQ on aPL profile and mortality rate. Patients were risk-stratified based on antiplatelet agent use. The goal was to follow patients every 6 months for 5 years.

Results

We recruited 20 persistently aPL-positive patients (female: 19, mean age: 46.6 ± 9.9 years, and baseline antiplatelet medication: 14); 9/20 were randomized to HCQ. During the mean follow-up of 1.7 years, no patients developed thrombosis or a serious adverse event. The study was terminated early due to the low recruitment rate, exacerbated by the prolonged manufacturing shortage and significant price increase of HCQ in the United States.

Conclusion

Given that a small number of patients with a relatively short follow-up were enrolled in our RCT, and no patients developed thrombosis, we cannot accurately assess the effectiveness of HCQ for primary thrombosis prevention in persistently aPL-positive patients with no other systemic autoimmune diseases. Our experience suggests that conducting an international RCT, especially without pharmaceutical support, is an extremely challenging undertaking.
Dual loyalties: Everyday ethical problems of registered nurses and physicians in combat zones
Authors: Lundberg Kristina , Kjellström Sofia , Sandman Lars
Published: August 2017

Background:

When healthcare personnel take part in military operations in combat zones, they experience ethical problems related to dual loyalties, that is, when they find themselves torn between expectations of doing caring and military tasks, respectively.

Aim:

This article aims to describe how Swedish healthcare personnel reason concerning everyday ethical problems related to dual loyalties between care and military tasks when undertaking healthcare in combat zones.

Design:

Abductive qualitative design.

Participants and research context:

Individual interviews with 15 registered nurses and physicians assigned for a military operation in Mali.

Ethical considerations:

The participants signed up voluntarily, and requirements for informed consent and confidentiality were met. The research was approved by the Regional Ethics Review Board in Gothenburg (D no. 816-14; 24 November 2014).

Findings:

Three main categories emerged: reasons for not undertaking combat duties, reasons for undertaking combat duties and restricted loyalty to military duties, and 14 subcategories. Reasons for not undertaking combat duties were that it was not in their role, not according to ethical codes or humanitarian law or a breach towards patients. Reasons for undertaking combat duties were that humanitarian law does not apply or has to be treated pragmatically or that it is a case of force protection. Shortage of resources and competence were reasons for both doing and not doing military tasks. Under some circumstances, they could imagine undertaking military tasks: when under threat, if unseen or if not needed for healthcare duties.

Discussion/conclusion:

These discrepant views suggest a lack of a common view on what is ethically acceptable or not, and therefore we suggest further normative discussion on how these everyday ethical problems should be interpreted in the light of humanitarian law and ethical codes of healthcare personnel and following this, further training in ethical reflection before going on military operations.
Distribution and attribution of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes in cervical precancerous lesions in China
Authors: Wang Wenpeng , An Jusheng , Song Yan , Wang Minjie , Huang Manni , Wu Lingying
Published: August 2017

While human papillomavirus vaccine was recently approved by China Food and Drug Administration, mapping of high-risk human papillomavirus distribution and attribution in cervical precancerous lesions in China becomes critical in development of a high-risk human papillomavirus-based cervical cancer screening and prevention strategy. In total, 1016 patients with cervical precancerous lesions diagnosed in the National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were analyzed retrospectively, including 111 patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and 905 patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. HPV16, 58, 52, 33, and 31 were the most common high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes in order of decreasing frequency among high-risk human papillomavirus-positive high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; this differed from the high-risk human papillomavirus distribution in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HPV16, 52, 39, 56, and 58). The distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes in single-type infections for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HPV16, 58, 33, and 52) was similar to that in multiple-type infections (HPV16, 58, 52, and 33). By contrast, a more diverse distribution spectrum of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes for low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions was observed between single-type (HPV16, 52, 39, and 56) and multiple-type infection (HPV52, 68, 58, 59, 39 and 56). A previously published method was adopted to calculate the fractional proportion of individual high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes in multiple infections. For this proportional attribution, HPV16 (48.9%), 58 (10.0%), 33 (5.5%), and 52 (5.5%) were the most frequent among all high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, whereas HPV16 (13.2%), 52 (11.6%), 39 (9.5%), and 56 (7.6%) were the most frequent among all low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Differences in high-risk human papillomavirus distribution and proportional attribution in different cervical pathology statuses (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions) demonstrated the critical role of persistent infection of certain high-risk human papillomavirus such as HPV16, 58, 33, and 52 in carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. Distinctively high prevalence of HPV58, 33 and 52 in Chinese cervical intraepithelial neoplasia population, especially in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, should be taken into consideration in cervical cancer screening strategy and vaccine development.
Dual-energy wave subtraction imaging for evaluation of barely visible impact damage with an ultrasonic propagation imaging system
Authors: Choi Yunshil , Lee Jung-Ryul
Published: August 2017

Barely visible impact damage from low-velocity impacts have been studied as critical design factors of composite structures. In this article, a dual-energy wave subtraction algorithm using an ultrasonic propagation imaging system is proposed to evaluate barely visible impact damage as a strategy of fast in situ nondestructive evaluation or structural health monitoring (SHM). The ultrasonic propagation imaging system is a type of nondestructive evaluation or SHM system and is based on scanning laser-induced guided ultrasound and fixed sensors. The amplitude of ultrasonic signals generated by the ultrasonic propagation imaging system increases with the increasing energy of the laser beam. Two ultrasonic signals generated by different excitation energies of the laser beam can be equalized by multiplying a constant factor to one of them. Therefore, the residuals after subtraction of two signals may be close to zero. However, the two different energy induced signals in the damaged area will be nonzero due to the change in material conditions regarding the laser ultrasonic generation mechanism. The dual-energy wave subtraction algorithm eliminates most of the incident ultrasonic waves and amplifies anomalous waves. A composite wing skin including two barely visible impact damages as well as a composite sandwich panel, including a single barely visible impact damage, were inspected to validate the proposed algorithm.
Initiating and Maintaining Collaborations and Facilitating Understanding in Interdisciplinary Group Research
Authors: Beck Stephenson J. , Meinecke Annika L. , Matsuyama Yoichi , Lee Chi-Chun
Published: August 2017

In this article of the “Interdisciplinary Insights Into Group and Team Dynamics” special issue, we provide guidance for computer scientists and social scientists who seek an interdisciplinary approach to group research. We include how-to guidelines for researchers interested in initiating and maintaining collaborations, and discuss opportunities and pitfalls of interdisciplinary group research. Last, we include a brief case study that portrays some of the complications of creating shared understanding.
Comparing Social Science and Computer Science Workflow Processes for Studying Group Interactions
Authors: Allen Joseph A. , Fisher Colin , Chetouani Mohamed , Chiu Ming Ming , Gunes Hatice , Mehu Marc , Hung Hayley
Published: August 2017

In this article, a team of authors from the Geeks and Groupies workshop, in Leiden, the Netherlands, compare prototypical approaches to studying group interaction in social science and computer science disciplines, which we call workflows. To help social and computer science scholars understand and manage these differences, we organize workflow into three major stages: research design, data collection, and analysis. For each stage, we offer a brief overview on how scholars from each discipline work. We then compare those approaches and identify potential synergies and challenges. We conclude our article by discussing potential directions for more integrated and mutually beneficial collaboration that go beyond the producer–consumer model.
Use and Impacts of Campbell Systematic Reviews on Policy, Practice, and Research
Authors: Maynard Brandy R. , Dell Nathaniel A.
Published: August 2017

Aim:

This study examines use and impacts of systematic reviews produced by the Campbell Collaboration’s Social Welfare Coordinating Group (SWCG) on practice, policy, and research.

Methods:

A mixed-method research design was used to examine impacts of 52 systematic reviews published by the SWCG. We conducted author surveys and retrieved multiple sources of bibliometric data.

Results:

Campbell SWCG reviews were downloaded 136,356 times and cited 3,184 times. Most reviews did not receive significant attention in alternative outlets (i.e., social media). Review authors provided evidence that reviews were used directly to make changes in policy or practice or inform future research.

Discussion:

Assessing the use and impacts of research is challenging. While downloads and citations provide evidence that these reviews receive attention, it was more difficult to determine the extent to which the reviews were used to impact practice or policy. More work is needed to better track and assess impacts of Campbell reviews.
Balancing Profit and People: Corporate Social Responsibility in Business Education
Authors: Deer Shannon , Zarestky Jill
Published: August 2017

This qualitative study’s purpose was to evaluate how undergraduate business students’ perspectives, skills, and behaviors evolved through corporate social responsibility (CSR) education taught with a focus on critical thinking and sustainable problem solving. Business schools are struggling to incorporate CSR into their curriculum despite interest from students and pressure from accreditation agencies. This article primarily contributes practical tools for business schools teaching students to apply critical thinking skills and concepts gained through their business education to develop solutions to economic, social, and environmental problems. Instructors taught the following topics: definitions of CSR, the triple bottom line, stakeholder theory, exposure to social problems, businesses’ roles in exacerbating or mitigating social problems, specific sustainable solutions companies and nonprofit organizations have implemented, and analysis of public companies’ sustainability reports. Topics were taught using critical thinking tools, such as a decision-making model, a funneling exercise, a root problems activity, and reflection and metareflection. The instruction followed a specific teaching model to promote critical thinking skills development, which can be implemented by other faculty. We found CSR concepts motivated students by giving them the tools and confidence in their abilities to solve meaningful problems and learning outcomes for both CSR and critical thinking were achieved.
Synovial Sarcoma Mimicking Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumor of Soft Parts: A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Neha , Kenan Samuel , Kahn Leonard B.
Published: August 2017

Synovial sarcoma is a high-grade sarcoma commonly affecting young adults. The sites of involvement include soft tissue near joints, lung, pleura, mediastinum, larynx, kidney, and buttocks. Histologic types include monophasic, biphasic, and undifferentiated. We report a unique case of synovial sarcoma with low-grade histologic features mimicking pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) with indolent behavior for a period of 10 years. The tumor showed angiectatic blood vessels with fibrinous cuffing, hypocellular and hypercellular spindle cell areas with rare mitoses, and focal atypia in a myxoid background. TLE1 was positive with SYT gene translocation detected on fluorescent in situ hybridization. Cases of myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma and myxofibrosarcoma have been reported as exhibiting histologic features of PHAT. However, to the best of our knowledge, cases of synovial sarcoma mimicking PHAT have not been reported.
Gendering Leadership in Vietnamese Media: A Role Congruity Study on News Content and Journalists’ Perception of Female and Male Leaders
Authors: Vu Hong Tien , Lee Tien-Tsung , Duong Hue Trong , Barnett Barbara
Published: August 2017

This study combines two research methods to explore how female leaders are portrayed in the news in Vietnam, and Vietnamese journalists’ perception of female and male leaders. Content analysis indicated that female leaders are under- and misrepresented. Female leader sources seldom appear in the news. When they do, they are more likely to be interviewed on traditionally feminine issues. Survey findings demonstrated that gender stereotypes are pervasive among journalists, influencing their perception of news sources. Journalists believe male sources possess stronger work-oriented and agentic traits while female sources are more socially oriented and communal. Results confirmed role congruity theory’s applicability in studying media in a non-Western country.
Business Cases for Sustainability: A Stakeholder Theory Perspective
Authors: Schaltegger Stefan , Hörisch Jacob , Freeman R. Edward
Published: August 2017

The “business case for sustainability” is a notion often referenced in the corporate sustainability and corporate social responsibility literature. Whereas some see sustainability and the business case as contradictions and thus emphasize the existence of trade-offs, others highlight how (potential) business cases can be created by managing ecological, social, and economic aspects. Both views have in common that the “business case” is implicitly or explicitly seen as creating financial performance, often for one group of stakeholders, only. The fact that a business case is not a given phenomenon but has to be co-created in the exchange between and with contributions from various stakeholders has so far not been analysed in depth. By taking a stakeholder theory perspective, this article extends the existing research on what business and a business case are about and analyses the understanding of business cases for sustainability and how they can be created with and by stakeholders.
Mental Health Services, Free Appropriate Public Education, and Students With Disabilities: Legal Considerations in Identifying, Evaluating, and Providing Services
Authors: Yell Mitchell , Smith Carl , Katsiyannis Antonis , Losinski Mickey
Published: August 2017

In the past few years, the provision of mental health services in public schools has received considerable attention. When students with disabilities are eligible for special education and related services under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), mental health services are required if such services are needed to provide students with a free appropriate public education (FAPE). That is, when a student’s individualized education program (IEP) team determines that he or she needs mental health services to receive a FAPE, a school district is required to provide these services. Our purpose is to discuss when school district personnel should identify, evaluate, and serve students with disabilities who may have mental health needs.
Understanding Police Recruits’ Attitudes Toward Public Interactions: An Australian Example
Authors: Porter Louise E. , Alpert Geoffrey P.
Published: August 2017

Recent events, particularly in the United States, have highlighted strained police-citizen relations and the importance of citizens viewing police as legitimate and trustworthy. Perceptions of unreasonable police officer conduct, particularly related to demeanor and physical force, are often at the center of public complaints. The present study used survey data to explore the attitudes of 577 Australian police recruits regarding behaving disrespectfully toward, and using force against, citizens. Over all, recruits’ attitudes were positive, likely reflecting present screening processes. However, some variation was evident and predicted by selected police culture dimensions, including cynicism and police authority, as well as officer characteristics and background factors. Further, attitudes more supportive of disrespect and force were, in turn, predictive of the code of silence for such behavior, measured through hypothetical unwillingness to report colleagues’ behavior. The implications for understanding police attitudes are discussed, as well as attempts to reduce negative attitudes and behavior.
Hemodynamic effects of low-dose atipamezole in isoflurane-anesthetized cats receiving an infusion of dexmedetomidine
Authors: Martin-Flores Manuel , Sakai Daniel M , Honkavaara Juhana , Campoy Luis
Published: August 2017

Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of low-dose atipamezole administered intravenously to isoflurane-anesthetized cats receiving dexmedetomidine. We hypothesized that atipamezole would increase heart rate (HR) and reduce arterial blood pressure in isoflurane-anesthetized cats receiving dexmedetomidine.

Methods

Six healthy adult domestic shorthair cats were anesthetized with isoflurane and instrumented for direct arterial pressures and cardiac output (CO) measurements. The cats received a target-controlled infusion of dexmedetomidine (target plasma concentration 10 ng/ml) for 30 mins before administration of atipamezole. Two sequential doses of atipamezole (15 and 30 μg/kg IV) were administered at least 20 mins apart, during dexmedetomidine administration. The effects of dexmedetomidine and each dose of atipamezole on HR, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), CO and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were documented.

Results

Dexmedetomidine reduced the HR by 22%, increased MAP by 78% (both P ⩽0.01), decreased CO by 48% and increased SVR by 58% (both P ⩽0.0003). Administration of atipamezole 15 and 30 μg/kg intravenously increased HR by 8% ( P = 0.006) and 4% ( P = 0.1), respectively. MAP decreased by 39% and 47%, respectively (both P ⩽0.004). Atipamezole 30 μg/kg returned CO and SVR to baseline values.

Conclusions and relevance

Low doses of atipamezole (15 and 30 μg/kg) administered intravenously to anesthetized cats decreased arterial blood pressure with only marginal increases in HR. Atipamezole 30 μg/kg restored CO and SVR to baseline values before dexmedetomidine administration.
Uncanny objects and the fear of the familiar: Hiding from Akan witches in New York City
Authors: Parish Jane
Published: August 2017

This article examines the cosmology and secret practices of West African traditional priests in New York City in preventing the spread of witchcraft, an evil invisible spirit transmitted between female members of the Akan matrilineage. Explored is an uncanny dynamic as everyday habitus becomes increasingly strange in the world of a young Ghanaian woman in the Bronx, who has become petrified of insinuations of witchcraft from close family members. In trying to hide the young woman from infection by her fellow witches, Akan priests attempt to ‘capture’ her habits and everyday routines, calling upon the iconic magic of New York City in order to ‘misplace’ familiarity within the anonymity of Manhattan. In this process, the transmission of the witch’s spirit to the intended victim is disturbed as the victim’s life and things are moved. Nowhere to be found, the witch shifts her attention to other victims.