bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Powder Characteristics on Build Quality of High-Purity Tungsten Produced via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)
Authors: Field A. C. , Carter L. N. , Adkins N. J. E. , Attallah M. M. , Gorley M. J. , Strangwood M.
Published: January 2020

Two high-purity tungsten powders, producedviadifferent manufacturing techniques, were characterized to determine size distribution, morphology, thermal properties, and flow characteristics and, thus, the likely suitability for Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) production. Specimens from duplicate builds were produced with the two powders and characterized for density, defect mechanisms, and thermal penetration into the substrate plate to compare apparent power densities. The first powder was a chemically reduced powder with irregular morphology and the second, a plasma spheroidized powder with highly spherical morphology. The latter was found to have tighter morphological control and size distribution, having a third of particles at the modal particle size in comparison to a fifth of the chemically reduced powder. This led to better flow characteristics, and an increase of 1.5 g cm−3(1500 kg m−3) in the packing densities seen in the powder bed which corresponds to 57 pct theoretical densityvs50 pct theoretical density in the chemically reduced powder. As a result, the specimens produced from the plasma spheroidized powder had higher densities (97.3vs88.5 pct) and the dominant defect mechanism moved from lack of fusion dominated in the chemically reduced powder to cracking dominated in the plasma spheroidized. The plasma spheroidized powder also showed higher apparent power densities (effective absorptivities) as evidenced by an 80 pct deeper penetration of the laser into the substrate plate.
Studies on the Acculturation of Young Refugees in the Educational Domain: A Scoping Review of Research and Methods
Authors: Maehler Débora B. , Pötzschke Steffen , Ramos Howard , Pritchard Paul , Fleckenstein Johanna
Published: January 2020

Given that children and adolescents constitute a growing and significant share of forced migrants worldwide, assessing the state of research on and the methods used to study the acculturation of this group is both timely and essential. The acculturation of refugee children and adolescents in host countries occurs primarily within educational institutions and through the acquisition of the language of the new host society. This scoping review of peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1987 and 2016 (N = 192 eligible studies) examined the extent to which individual-level factors (e.g., gender, age) and contextual factors (e.g., country of residence) emphasized by acculturation models have been considered in research involving young refugees in the educational domain. In addition, the research designs and methods applied in these studies were evaluated, and content analysis was performed to examine whether individual-level factors considered in the sample of studies were related to educational outcomes of young refugees. Overall, the review revealed that very few studies provided adequate information on sample composition, or considered individual and contextual factors, thus leaving crucial gaps in the knowledge about the acculturation of young refugees. Guidelines for future research are proposed to remedy the identified research deficits.
Coping Power Universal for middle school students: The first efficacy study
Authors: Muratori Pietro , Bertacchi Iacopo , Catone Gennaro , Mannucci Francesca , Nocentini Annalaura , Pisano Simone , Lochman John E.
Published: January 2020

Introduction

The present study examined the efficacy of the universal prevention version of the Coping Power Program in reducing behavioral and emotional problems and in promoting prosocial behaviors in middle‐school classrooms.

Methods

The study used a randomized control study design; and the sample included 839 middle‐school Italian youths (411 males), attending 40 middle‐school classrooms. The students were in seventh or eighth grade, and they had an average age of 13.24 years (SD = .65; range 12–14 years). Ninety students were Africans, the rest were Caucasian. Teachers and parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, before and after intervention. We used the 24‐session universal prevention adaptation of Coping Power, which aims to improve children's emotional regulation and social problem‐solving skills.

Results

Linear mixed models and effect sizes indicated that behaviors improved as a result of the Coping Power intervention. Specifically, the program was effective in reducing internalizing problems and increasing prosocial behaviors.

Conclusions

The Coping Power Universal effectively adapts an existing evidence‐based program, and is believed to be a useful strategy also to improve social emotional skills in middle‐school students.
The Specter of Dwindling Numbers: Population Quantity and Jewish Biopolitics in the United States
Authors: Kravel-Tovi Michal
Published: January 2020

Over the last three decades, the organized American-Jewish community has preoccupied itself with sociodemographic concerns regarding maintenance of a viable Jewish life in the United States. In this article, I study a key dimension of this preoccupation with population trends: the quantity of the Jewish population, that is, the number of Jews. I show the centrality of this dimension in shaping a cluster of anxious discourses and interventionist engagements directed toward stemming numerical decline. Analyzing this policy world in terms of a “Jewish biopolitics,” I assess how the voluntary nature of American Jewry has shaped a distinct biopolitical field, reliant on “making Jews” by both biological and cultural reproduction, enmeshing dimensions of quantity and quality. Juxtaposing this Jewish biopolitical engagement with the one exercised by the Israeli state, I flesh out broader considerations and contributions, and introduce the exploratory concept of “minority community biopolitics.” The article is grounded in an anthropological study of policy, including fieldwork, interviews, and a review of the flurry of archival and public materials related to the topic.
An Affective Atmosphere of Religiosity: Animated Places, Public Spaces, and the Politics of Attachment in Ukraine and Beyond
Authors: Wanner Catherine
Published: January 2020

When religious institutions engage the secular emotively and publicly, they can foster an affective atmosphere of religiosity, which potentially has motivational power, even for non-believers, because it shapes the sensorium of those who circulate in public space. When individuals appeal to “places animated with prayer” for the transformative energy that resides there through ritualized practices, they reaffirm an affective atmosphere of religiosity. In Orthodox Eastern Europe and elsewhere, a confessional tradition is allied with state borders, further normativizing this affective atmosphere and giving it pronounced political implications. When an affective atmosphere of religiosity inspires practices that are intentionally designed to prompt experiences rendered meaningful in otherworldly terms, over time such performativity can create mimetic instincts that become second nature. This is an essential step to religion becoming an expedient political resource and to the emergence of religious nationalism or a confessional state.
Church, State, and “Native Liberty” in the Belgian Congo
Authors: Kenny Gale , Wenger Tisa
Published: January 2020

This essay describes a religious freedom controversy that developed between the world wars in the Belgian colony of the Congo, where Protestant missionaries complained that Catholic priests were abusing Congolese Protestants and that the Belgian government favored the Catholics. The history of this campaign demonstrates how humanitarian discourses of religious freedom—and with them competing configurations of church and state—took shape in colonial contexts. From the beginnings of the European scramble for Africa, Protestant and Catholic missionaries had helped formulate the “civilizing” mission and the humanitarian policies—against slavery, for free trade, and for religious freedom—that served to justify the European and U.S. empires of the time. Protestant missionaries in the Congo challenged the privileges granted to Catholic institutions by appealing to religious freedom guarantees in colonial and international law. In response, Belgian authorities and Catholic missionaries elaborated a church-state arrangement that limited “foreign” missions in the name of Belgian national unity. Both groups, however, rejected Native Congolese religious movements—which refused the authority of the colonial church(es) along with the colonial state—as “political” and so beyond the bounds of legitimate “religion.” Our analysis shows how competing configurations of church and state emerged dialogically in this colonial context and how alternative Congolese movements ultimately challenged Belgian colonial rule.
Introduction: Toward Integration
Authors: Hanen Marsha
Published: January 2020

The desire for integration is so central to philosophy, I think, that no philosophical tendency will long endure without it. On the other hand, every attempt at integration which has been too grand has collapsed. — Hilary Putnam(Realism and Reason,303)

Feminist theory, whether specifically philosophical or not, has been integrative in a number of ways. In epistemology and metaphysics it has attacked dualisms and dichotomies and tried to show that mind and body, reason and emotion, civilization and nature are neither separate nor separable; in ethics, we have agreed that rules, principles and justice must be tempered with a sense of caring and community; and, more generally, we have been at pains not to draw too sharp lines between philosophy and psychology, history and anthropology, literary theory and sociology.
The Phaedo's Final Argument*
Authors: Dorter Kenneth
Published: January 2020

If one includes the methodological preface the final argument of the Phaedo is by far the longest, as well as the one Socrates’ audience and Plato's readers are most ready to accept, and is often regarded as the one argument in the Phaedo that Plato himself accepted. Nevertheless it is also the most obscure, elusive, and frustrating of the arguments, whose intention as well as validity are in continual dispute. It has aptly been compared to an intricate maze, and while it is perhaps appropriate that Socrates, who is portrayed in the dialogue as a kind of Theseus battling the Minotaur of fear of death, should finally pick his way through a labyrinth of distinctions, it is exceptionally difficult for the reader to find the thread and follow it.
BcpLH organizes a specific subset of microRNAs to form a leafy head in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)
Authors: Ren Wenqing , Wu Feijie , Bai Jinjuan , Li Xiaorong , Yang Xi , Xue Wanxin , Liu Heng , He Yuke
Published: January 2020

HYL1(HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1) inArabidopsis thalianaencodes a double-stranded RNA-binding protein needed for proper miRNA maturation, and its null mutanthyl1shows a typical leaf-incurvature phenotype. In Chinese cabbage,BcpLH(Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis LEAFY HEADS), a close homolog ofHYL1, is differentially expressed in juvenile leaves, which are flat, and in adult leaves, which display extreme incurvature. BcpLH lacks protein–protein interaction domains and is much shorter than HYL1. To test whetherBcpLHis associated with defects in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and leaf flatness, we enhanced and repressed the activity ofBcpLHby transgenics and investigatedBcpLH-dependent miRNAs and plant morphology. BcpLH promoted miRNA biogenesis by the proper processing of primary miRNAs.BcpLHdownregulation via antisense decreased a specific subset of miRNAs and increased the activities of their target genes, causing upward curvature of rosette leaves and early leaf incurvature, concurrent with the enlargement, earliness, and round-to-oval shape transition of leafy heads. Moreover, BcpLH-dependent miRNAs in Chinese cabbage are not the same as HYL1-dependent miRNAs in Arabidopsis. We suggest thatBcpLHcontrols a specific subset of miRNAs in Chinese cabbage and coordinates the direction, extent, and timing of leaf curvature during head formation inBrassica rapa.
Divergent molecular and growth responses of young “Cabernet Sauvignon” (Vitis vinifera) plants to simple and mixed infections with Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus
Authors: Tobar M. , Fiore N. , Pérez-Donoso A. G. , León R. , Rosales I. M. , Gambardella M.
Published: January 2020

Grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus(GRSPaV) is one of the most widely distributed viruses; even so, little is known about its effect onVitis vinifera. To provide new insights, the effects of single and mixed GRSPaV infections on theV. viniferacultivar “Cabernet Sauvignon” were studied by evaluating growth parameters, such as measurements of the total plant length, the number and distance of internodes and the number of leaves per shoot. In addition, parameters relating to gas exchange,i.e., the stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, internal CO2concentration and leaf transpiration, were also assessed. All the measurements were performed in one- and two-year-old plants with a single GRSPaV infection or mixed infections of GRSPaV andGrapevine fanleaf virus(GFLV). The results show that the plant phytosanitary status did not significantly alter the growth and gas exchange parameters in one-year-old plants. However, in two-year-old plants, single GRSPaV infections increased shoot elongation, which was accompanied by the overexpression of genes associated with the gibberellic acid response pathway. The gas exchange parameters of these plants were negatively affected, despite exhibiting higherLHCIIgene expression. Plants with mixed infections did not have modified growth parameters, although they presented a greater reduction in the primary photosynthetic parameters evaluated with no change inLHCIIexpression. The results presented here confirm the co-evolution hypothesis forV. viniferaand GRSPaV during the early stages of plant development, and they provide new evidence about the effects of GRSPaV and GFLV co-infections on the “Cabernet Sauvignon” cultivar.
The role of cis-elements in the evolution of crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis
Authors: Chen Li-Yu , Xin Yinghui , Wai Ching Man , Liu Juan , Ming Ray
Published: January 2020

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis is an innovation of carbon concentrating mechanism that is characterized by nocturnal CO2 fixation. Recent progresses in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of CAM species yielded new knowledge and abundant genomic resources. In this review, we will discuss the pattern of cis-elements in stomata movement-related genes and CAM CO2 fixation genes, and analyze the expression dynamic of CAM related genes in green leaf tissues. We propose that CAM photosynthesis evolved through the re-organization of existing enzymes and associated membrane transporters in central metabolism and stomatal movement-related genes, at least in part by selection of existing circadian clock cis-regulatory elements in their promoter regions. Better understanding of CAM evolution will help us to design crops that can thrive in arid or semi-arid regions, which are likely to expand due to global climate change.
The ability to manipulate ROS metabolism in pepper may affect aphid virulence
Authors: Sun Mengjing , Voorrips Roeland E. , van Kaauwen Martijn , Visser Richard G. F. , Vosman Ben
Published: January 2020

Myzus persicaehas severe economic impact on pepper (Capsicum) cultivation. Previously, we identified two populations ofM. persicae, NL and SW, that were avirulent and virulent, respectively onC. baccatumaccession PB2013071. The transcriptomics approach used in the current study, which is the first study to explore the pepper−aphid interaction at the whole genome gene expression level, revealed genes whose expression is differentially regulated in pepper accession PB2013071 upon infestation with theseM. persicaepopulations. The NL population induced ROS production genes, while the SW population induced ROS scavenging genes and repressed ROS production genes. We also found that the SW population can induce the removal of ROS which accumulated in response to preinfestion with the NL population, and that preinfestation with the SW population significantly improved the performance of the NL population. This paper supports the hypothesis thatM. persicaecan overcome the resistance in accession PB2013071 probably because of its ability to manipulate plant defense response especially the ROS metabolism and such ability may benefit avirulent conspecific aphids.
The landscape of mechanical properties of molecular crystals
Authors: Wang Chenguang , Sun Changquan Calvin
Published: January 2020

An analysis of compiled literature nanoindentation contact hardness (Hc) and elastic modulus (E) values of molecular crystals revealed a wide range of mechanical properties (0.001–1.80 GPa for Hc and 0.27–46.8 GPa for E).
Ligand- and solvent-free ATRP of MMA with FeBr3 and inorganic salts
Authors: Wang Jirong , Xie Xiaolin , Xue Zhigang , Fliedel Christophe , Poli Rinaldo
Published: January 2020

A new cost-effective and safe protocol for the bulk ATRP of MMA uses FeBr3, EBrPA and an inorganic compound (carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, hydroxide, chloride, bromide) of an alkali metal cation.
Inverse vulcanization below the melting point of sulfur
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Gao Hui , Yan Peiyao , Petcher Samuel , Hasell Tom
Published: January 2020

A sodium diethyldithiocarbamate catalyst allows direct polymerisation of elemental sulfur with organic crosslinkers at reduced temperature.
Uniklinika: Schulterschluss von Medizin und Pflege
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: January 2020

Die Unikliniken leisten nicht nur die fachärztliche Ausbildung, sie sind auch einer der größten Ausbildungsträger für den Pflegenachwuchs. Ein gemeinsames berufspolitisches Vorgehen des VUD und des VPU liegt daher auf der Hand.
Kommentar: Aus der Pflege, für die Pflege
Authors: Heeser Alexandra-Corinna
Published: January 2020

Mehr Ausbildung, mehr Personal, mehr Geld – das sollte die Konzertierte Aktion Pflege (KAP) bringen. Der Pflegeberuf sollte aufgewertet und attraktiver gestaltet, der Arbeitsalltag von Pflegekräften spürbar verbessert werden.
Pflegebudget: Systemwechsel
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: January 2020

Nach der Einigung auf das neue Pflegebudget müssen sich die Krankenhäuser auf veränderte Verhandlungen mit den Krankenkassen vorbereiten. Es geht um ihre individuellen Pflegekosten und damit um viel Geld. Vielen graut davor, denn es gibt diverse Grenzfragen.
Projektportfoliomanagement: Die Unternehmensstrategie erfolgreich umsetzen
Authors: Zuchowski Matthias
Published: January 2020

Jedes Krankenhaus sollte eine Gesamtstrategie haben – nicht nur auf dem Papier, sondern eine, die auch bekannt ist und bis in das operative Tagesgeschäft hineinwirkt. Ein Projektportfoliomanagement, bei dem die Projekte zentral gesteuert werden, kann hierbei eine wichtige Brücke bilden.
Implantateregister-Errichtungsgesetz: Register mit Nebenwirkungen
Authors: Ehrhardt-Joswig Jana
Published: January 2020

Der Bundesgesundheitsminister rüttelt einmal mehr an den Festen der Selbstverwaltung: Er nutzt das Implantateregister-Errichtungsgesetz als Vehikel, um die Verfahren des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses zur Bewertung neuer Untersuchungs- und Behandlungsmethoden zu beschleunigen.
Innovationsfinanzierung: Nix geht mehr ohne Digitalisierung
Authors: Ehrhardt-Joswig Jana
Published: January 2020

Das digitale Krankenhaus ist in aller Munde. Doch die Investitionsmittel, die die Länder den Krankenhäusern zur Verfügung stellen, reichen schon nicht aus, den Investionsstau der vergangenen Jahre aufzulösen – geschweige denn dafür, medizinische Abläufe und Prozesse digital umzugestalten. Welche Hilfe Banken bieten können, erläutert Michael Gabler von der Apobank im kma-Interview.
Ausfallsichere Kältetechnik: Für ein prima Klima im Krankenhaus
Authors: Bock-Koltschin Hannah
Published: January 2020

Im Kampf gegen Legionellen und andere Keime sind Techniker die stillen Helden eines Krankenhauses. Eine ihrer Königsdisziplinen ist die Ausfallsicherheit der Kältetechnik. Dazu gehört unter anderem, dass sie für das ab 2020 verbotene Kältemittel R404 längst betriebswirtschaftliche Alternativen eingeplant haben.
Sepsis: Die ignorierte Gefahr
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: January 2020

Jedes Jahr sterben in Deutschland schätzungsweise bis zu 90 000 Menschen an einer Sepsis. Experten halten viele Tausend dieser Todesfälle für vermeidbar und fordern einen nationalen Sepsisplan. Doch seit Jahren passiert wenig.
Sektorenübergreifende Versorgung: Die Zeichen der Zeit erkennen
Authors: Spitzer Stefan G.
Published: January 2020

Eine Überführung bisheriger Versorgungsstrukturen in effizientere integrierte Versorgungslösungen scheint derzeit nur für die integrierten Notfallzentren auf dem Plan zu stehen. Sollten die vielfältigen Vorschläge zu anderen integrierten Strukturen außer Acht gelassen werden, könnte die sektorenübergreifende Versorgung zu einer Dauerbaustelle werden.
Development of a Clinical Prediction Rule for Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Acute Leukemia
Authors: Al-Ani Fatimah , Wang Yimin Pearl , Lazo-Langner Alejandro
Published: January 2020

Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with solid tumors are well studied; however, studies in patients with acute leukemia are lacking. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed between June 2006 and June 2017 at a tertiary care center in Canada. Potential predictors of venous thromboembolism were evaluated using logistic regression and a risk score was derived based on weighed variables and compared using survival analysis. Internal validation was conducted using nonparametric bootstrapping. A total of 501 leukemia patients (427 myeloid and 74 lymphoblastic) were included. Venous thromboembolism occurred in 77(15.3%) patients with 71 events occurring in the first year. A prediction score was derived and validated and it included: previous history of venous thromboembolism (3 points), lymphoblastic leukemia (2 points), and platelet count > 50 × 109/L at the time of diagnosis (1 point). The overall cumulative incidence of venous thromboembolism was 44% in the high-risk group (≥ 3 points) versus 10.5% in the low-risk group (0–2 points) and it was consistent at different follow-up periods (log-rank p < 0.001). We derived and internally validated a predictive score of venous thromboembolism risk in acute leukemia patients.
Sex Differences in Morphometry of North Indian Acetabula—Forensic and Orthopedic Consideration
Authors: Sachdeva Kanika , Singla Rajan Kumar , Kalsey Gurdeep , Sharma Preetika
Published: January 2020

Background Acetabulum is a cup-shaped cavity of the hipbone. It constitutes the acetabular part of the hip joint. Its shape and position related to the head of the femur are crucial for the biomechanics of this joint. The knowledge of various acetabular dimensions is essential to diagnose various diseases of hip joint, to monitor patient recovery, to determine stability of the hip joint, to assess acetabular dysplasia, and also to create patient-specific acetabular implants in case of hip arthroplasty. Various parameters of acetabulum differ with respect to age, sex, race, and region. Thus, a region-specific knowledge of the acetabular dimensions will be helpful for surgical reconstruction and sex determination.

Materials and Methods The current study was conducted on 100 adult os coxae (male:female = 80:20, right:left = 50:50). The various acetabular dimensions measured were (1) breadth of acetabulum, (2) vertical diameter of acetabulum, (3) maximum depth of acetabulum, (4) linear length of acetabular notch, (5) length of acetabular rim, and (6) total length of acetabular rim with notch. The values were statistically evaluated to find out the sex and side-related differences.

Results All the parameters measured were larger in male bones as compared with female bones. Nevertheless, the difference in values was significant only for breadth of acetabulum, vertical diameter of acetabulum, length of acetabular rim, and total length of acetabular rim with notch. Also, the values were more on left side although results were insignificant.

Conclusions The results of the present study will provide reference acetabular values for North India region.
Morphometric Study of Jugular Foramen and Jugular Fossa of Dried Adult Human Skulls and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Amudha Govindarajan , Aishwarya Chandrasekaran Nandhini , Hepzibah Deborah Joy , Kesavan Vaujapuri Anandhavadivel , Vasuki Anaimalai Kandavadivelu Manicka
Published: January 2020

Introduction Jugular foramen is one of the most fascinating foramina of the human skull. It is a complex, irregular bony canal located between the occipital bone and petrous part of the temporal bone. Many important structures, like 9th, 10th, 11th cranial nerves, meningeal branch of occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries, internal jugular vein, and inferior petrosal sinus, are passing through it. The jugular fossa has a septum and a dome. The septum divides the foramen into two compartments: anteromedial compartment (pars nervosa) and posterolateral compartment (pars vascularis). The dome contains superior bulb of internal jugular vein. The architecture of the foramen varies in size, shape, and laterality besides differences related to sex and race. The morphometric measurements of jugular foramen are very important for neurosurgeries and head and neck surgeries.

Objectives The aim of the present study is to study the morphology of jugular foramen along with its dimensions, compartments, presence of partial or complete septa and dome.

Materials and Methods A total number of 60 jugular foramina were examined from 30 adult dry human skulls of unknown age and sex from the Department of Anatomy, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore. Measurements were taken using Digital Vernier calipers. Results were analyzed statistically.

Results The length, width, and surface area of jugular foramen of right side were measured and compared with the left side. Length and width of the jugular foramen was significantly higher on the right side. The presence of partial septum was found in 27 skulls (90%) on the right side and 29 skulls (99.7%) on the left side, respectively. Dome was present in 100% of the jugular foramina on the right side and 90% of the jugular foramina on the left side. Separate opening for inferior petrosal sinus was found in eight skulls (27%) on the right side and four skulls (13%) on the left side.

Conclusion This study provides a clear understanding of anatomy of jugular foramen and supports the reported morphometric variations. The morphometric variations of jugular foramen in the parameters of the skull are probably due to ethnic and racial factors. Knowledge of these variations is important for neurosurgeons and radiologists who deal with space occupying lesions of the structures surrounding jugular foramen. This study may be helpful for ENT surgeons while performing middle ear surgeries.
Lymphaticovenous Bypass for Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction in Locoregional Advanced Melanoma Patients
Authors: Cakmakoglu Cagri , Kwiecien Grzegorz J. , Schwarz Graham S. , Gastman Brian
Published: January 2020

Background Extremity lymphedema is a dreaded complication of ilioinguinal or axillary lymphadenectomy. In conventional lymph node dissection, no effort is performed to maintain or reestablish extremity lymphatic circulation. We hypothesized that immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) could be a reproducible procedure to maintain functional lymphatic flow after ilioinguinal and axillary lymphadenectomy in patients with malignant melanoma. This is the first report describing prophylactic ILR in patients with melanoma who underwent complete lymph node dissection for gross nodal disease.

Patients and Methods We report a case series of 22 malignant melanoma patients who had axillary or ilioinguinal lymph node dissection for bulky locoregional invasion with immediate lymphatic reconstruction. A novel method to identify and select lymphatics with high flow using fluorescent lymphangiogram with indocyanine green dye gradient software is described. Surgical details, common difficulties, as well as indications are discussed. Instructional videos are also provided.

Results Our technique is reproducible, since we have successfully completed immediate lymphatic reconstruction in 22 cases consecutively. Intradermal indocyanine green injections allowed for visualization of 1 to 3 transected lymphatics after lymphadenectomy. An average of 1.8 lymphaticovenous bypass (range 1–3) was performed per patient.

Conclusion Reestablishment of lymphatic circulation after ilioinguinal or axillary lymphadenectomy in patients with melanoma characterizes a novel method that may reduce the problem of upper and lower extremity iatrogenic lymphedema. This is particularly important given the emergence of new adjuvant treatment modalities that considerably improve patients' survival after lymphadenectomy.
Gait Analysis 1 Year after Primary TKA: No Difference between Gap Balancing and Measured Resection Technique
Authors: Miozzari Hermes H. , Armand Stéphane , Turcot Katia , Lübbeke Anne , Bonnefoy-Mazure Alice
Published: January 2020

Mechanical alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be achieved using dependent bone cuts. The hypothesis is that patients have a better balanced TKA, as a result. The aim of this study was to determine if this technique is superior to an independent bone cut technique in terms of gait parameters, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and satisfaction assessed before surgery and at 1-year follow-up. A total of 58 patients were evaluated before and 1 year following TKA, using the Press Fit Condylar (PFC) Sigma posterior stabilizer (PS) design; 39 (70 ± 8 years; 27 women) with independent bone cuts and 19 (71 ± 7 years; 12 women) with dependent bone cuts using the Specialist TRAM. Gait was evaluated with a three-dimensional motion analysis system for spatiotemporal and kinematics parameters. Pain and functional levels were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities arthritis index (WOMAC); general health was assessed by the short form (SF)-12. Global satisfaction, as well as patient satisfaction, related to pain and functional levels were assessed using a five-point Likert's scale. No significant difference was found between both groups in terms of age, body mass index, pain, and functional levels at baseline. At 1-year follow-up, despite an overall improvement in gait, WOMAC, SF-12 physical score and pain, none of the patients showed gait parameters comparable to a healthy control group. No surgical technique effect was observed on gait, clinical outcomes, and satisfaction level. While observing an overall improvement at 1-year follow-up, we did not find any significant difference between the two surgical techniques in terms of gait parameters, patients' outcomes, and satisfaction.
Accelerometer-Based Portable Navigation System Is Useful for Tibial Bone Cutting in Modified Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Tsubosaka Masanori , Kamenaga Tomoyuki , Kuroda Yuichi , Takayama Koji , Hashimoto Shingo , Ishida Kazunati , Hayashi Shinya , Kuroda Ryosuke , Matsumoto Tomoyuki
Published: January 2020

Several studies have reported better clinical outcomes following kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (KA-TKA) than mechanically aligned TKA. Consistent reproduction of a KA-TKA is aided by accurate tibial bone resections using computer navigation systems. This study compares an accelerometer-based portable navigation system with a conventional navigation system on tibial bone resection and clinical outcomes in KA-TKA. This study included 60 knees of patients who underwent primary KA-TKA between May 2015 and September 2017. They were randomly assigned to the OrthoPilot and iASSIST groups. A tibial bone cut was performed with 3 degree varus and 7 degree posterior slope in relation to the mechanical axis in all cases. The tibial component angle (TCA) and posterior slope angle (PSA) were evaluated by postoperative radiography, and those that deviated more than 2 degree were set as outliers. The clinical outcomes were the knee range of motion (ROM) and 2011 Knee Society Score (KSS) evaluated at 1 year postoperation. The groups were compared in terms of the TCA, PSA, number of outliers, ROM, and 2011 KSS (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of the mean TCA, PSA, number of outliers, ROM, and categories of the 2011 KSS (objective knee indicators, symptoms, satisfaction, expectations, and functional activities). Although tibial bone cuts were performed with 3 degree varus and 7 degree posterior slope, no significant difference was observed between the OrthoPilot and iASSIST groups in terms of the accuracy of cuts or postoperative clinical result. The iASSIST was found to be a simple and useful navigation system for KA-TKA.
Maternal Weight Gain and Infant Birth Weight in Women with Class III Obesity
Authors: Tucker Ann R. , Brown Haywood L. , Dotters-Katz Sarah K.
Published: January 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to describe the impact of maternal weight gain on infant birth weight among women with Class III obesity.

Study Design Retrospective cohort of women with body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m2 at initial prenatal visit, delivered from July 2013 to December 2017. Women presenting 14/0 weeks of gestational age (GA), delivering preterm, or had multiples or major fetal anomalies excluded. Maternal demographics and complications, intrapartum events, and neonatal outcomes abstracted. Primary outcomes were delivery of large for gestational age or small for gestational age (SGA) infant. Bivariate statistics used to compare women gaining less than Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations (LTR) and women gaining within recommendations (11–20 pounds/5–9.1 kg) (at recommended [AR]). Regression models used to estimate odds of primary outcomes.

Results Of included women (n = 230), 129 (56%) gained LTR and 101 (44%) gained AR. In sum, 71 (31%) infants were LGA and 2 (0.8%) were SGA. Women gaining LTR had higher median entry BMI (46 vs. 43, p < 0.01); other demographics did not differ. LTR women were equally likely to deliver an LGA infant (29 vs. 34%, p = 0.5) but not more likely to deliver an SGA infant (0.8 vs. 1%, p > 0.99). After controlling for confounders, the AOR of an LGA baby for LTR women was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.4–1.4).

Conclusion In this cohort of morbidly obese women, gaining less than IOM recommendations did not impact risk of having an LGA infant, without increasing risk of an SGA infant.
The sounds around us
Authors: McKenna Megan F.
Published: January 2020

Various sounds in nature shape how animals, including humans, interact with their environment.
cd2sbgnml: bidirectional conversion between CellDesigner and SBGN formats
Authors: Balaur Irina , Roy Ludovic , Mazein Alexander , Karaca S Gökberk , Dogrusoz Ugur , Barillot Emmanuel , Zinovyev Andrei
Published: January 2020

Motivation

CellDesigner is a well-established biological map editor used in many large-scale scientific efforts. However, the interoperability between the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) Markup Language (SBGN-ML) and the CellDesigner’s proprietary Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) extension formats remains a challenge due to the proprietary extensions used in CellDesigner files.

Results

We introduce a library named cd2sbgnml and an associated web service for bidirectional conversion between CellDesigner’s proprietary SBML extension and SBGN-ML formats. We discuss the functionality of the cd2sbgnml converter, which was successfully used for the translation of comprehensive large-scale diagrams such as the RECON Human Metabolic network and the complete Atlas of Cancer Signalling Network, from the CellDesigner file format into SBGN-ML.

Availability and implementation

The cd2sbgnml conversion library and the web service were developed in Java, and distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0. The sources along with a set of examples are available on GitHub (https://github.com/sbgn/cd2sbgnml and https://github.com/sbgn/cd2sbgnml-webservice, respectively).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Smoking as a Risk Factor of Invasive Fungal Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pourbaix Annabelle , Lafont Rapnouil Baptiste , Guéry Romain , Lanternier Fanny , Lortholary Olivier , Cohen Jérémie F
Published: January 2020

To investigate the association between smoking and invasive fungal disease (IFD), we searched MEDLINE and Web of Science for studies published until September 2018. Two authors independently performed study selection and data extraction. Relative risks (RRs) were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. We included 25 studies (18 171 participants; 2527 IFD cases). The meta-analysis showed an increased risk of IFD in smokers (RR 1.41 [95% confidence interval 1.09–1.81]; P = .008). The risk of IFD was higher in retrospective than in prospective studies (RR 1.93 [1.28–2.92] vs. 1.02 [0.78–1.34]; P = .04), in studies with multivariate adjustment compared to studies with univariate analysis (RR 2.15 [1.27–3.64] vs. 1.15 [0.88–1.51]; P = .06), and in studies published after 2002 (RR 2.08 [1.37–3.15] vs. 0.95 [0.75–1.22]; P = .008); other subgroup characteristics did not significantly influence the association in metaregression. Smoking cessation strategies should be implemented, especially in patients who are already at risk for IFD.
A rare cause of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: case report of native aortic valve thrombosis
Authors: Beekman-van Solkema Gerrie , Schoots M H , Pundziute-Do Prado G
Published: January 2020

Background

One to 13% of all patients with the clinical diagnosis of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) show no evidence of significant obstructive coronary artery disease on angiography. Less common causes should be considered in those situations. A very rare cause of ACS is native aortic valve thrombosis.

Case summary

A 69-year-old previously healthy woman presented with acute chest pain. The electrocardiogram showed an anterolateral ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). She was immediately transferred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Shortly after arriving in hospital her condition deteriorated, with development of cardiogenic shock necessitating cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A coronary angiogram was performed during resuscitation that did not reveal any obstructive coronary artery disease. Echocardiography showed no pericardial effusion, no significant left-sided valve pathology, no signs of an aortic dissection or pulmonary embolism. She died of cardiogenic shock of unknown cause. Permission for autopsy was obtained. Pathologic examination revealed a large anterolateral myocardial infarction caused by a mass attached to the bottom of the left coronary cusp of the native aortic valve, which was large enough to occlude the ostium of the left main coronary artery. Microscopic analysis showed a thrombus of unknown origin. The aortic valve itself showed no signs of pathology.

Discussion

An ST-elevation myocardial infarction due to native aortic valve thrombosis is a rare condition, especially when there are no significant valvular abnormalities. This case demonstrates that thrombosis can develop in an apparently healthy middle-aged woman without any history of thrombotic disease.
It Is What You Have, Not What You Lose: Effects of Perceived Gains and Losses on Goal Orientation Across Adulthood
Authors: Gong Xianmin , Freund Alexandra M
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Goal orientation tends to shift from predominantly striving for gains to maintenance and loss avoidance across adulthood. A dominant hypothesis states that age-related increases in losses drive the motivational shift. The present study tests this hypothesis and an alternative, namely that perceived accumulation of resources/assets and discrepancy between the actual and desired state underlie the stronger maintenance and loss-avoidance orientation in older than younger adults.

Methods

Data from N = 182 U.S. adult participants on Amazon Mechanical Turk (preregistered; 50.0% female; 19–77 years, M = 45.1, SD = 15.86) comprise measures of demographics, goal orientation in 16 selected life domains as well as perceived accumulation, losses, actual-desired discrepancy in the same domains.

Results

Multilevel modeling analyses showed that, as expected and confirming prior research, gain orientation decreased and maintenance orientation increased with age. Moreover, both perceived losses and accumulation of resources/assets increased with age, while the actual-desired discrepancy decreased. Larger perceived accumulation and smaller actual-desired discrepancies were associated with stronger maintenance orientation. Regardless of age, a smaller actual-desired discrepancy was also associated with stronger loss-avoidance orientation. Contrary to predictions, perceived losses were negatively associated with gain orientation, but not significantly associated with maintenance or loss-avoidance orientation.

Discussion

Results replicate the shift in goal orientation across adulthood. Speaking against the loss hypothesis, perceived accumulation of resources/assets and actual-desired discrepancy seem to play an important role in determining goal orientation over adulthood, while the role of perceived losses may be less significant than commonly assumed.
Example of Compact Special Lagrangians with a Stable Singularity
Authors: Imagi Yohsuke
Published: January 2020

We construct a family of compact almost Calabi–Yau manifolds of complex dimension 3 and therein a corresponding family of compact special Lagrangians with one-point singularities modelled upon that $T^2$-cone constructed by Harvey and Lawson [7, Chapter III.3.A, Theorem 3.1] and characterised by Haskins [8, Theorem A] as a stable $T^2$-cone in the terminology by Joyce [16, Definition 3.4 and Example 3.5].
Secessionist Strategy and Tactical Variation in the Pursuit of Independence
Authors: Griffiths Ryan D
Published: January 2020

How do secessionist movements formulate strategy and choose tactics? Secessionism takes place on a strategic playing field that shapes tactical behavior, driving some movements to choose armed rebellion while others prefer nonviolent civil resistance or electoral competition. Secessionist movements attempt to compel and make normative appeals in different combinations depending on local conditions such as regime type, the strength of the state, and the degree to which the region is already de facto independent. These efforts are aimed at not only the home state, but also the international community that can apply pressure on the home state to negotiate with the secessionists. I identify six kinds of movements—democratized, indigenous legal, combative/strong state, combative/weak state, decolonial, and de facto—and I outline the perils and possibilities inherent in each kind. I then construct a theoretical framework and test the implications using original data on secessionist tactics between 1946 and 2011.
Biogenic silver nanoparticles in the treatment of experimental pythiosis Bio-AgNP in pythiosis therapy
Authors: Valente Júlia de Souza Silveira , Brasil Carolina Litchina , Braga Caroline Quintana , Zamboni Rosimeri , Sallis Elisa Simone Viégas , Albano Ana Paula Neuschrank , Zambrano Cristina Gomes , Franz Helen Cabaldi , Pötter Luciana , Panagio Luciano Aparecido , Reis Guilherme Fonseca , Botton Sônia de Avila , Pereira Daniela Isabel Brayer
Published: January 2020

Pythiosis is a rapidly progressing disease that can be lethal to affected individuals due to resistance to available therapeutic protocols. The disease affects mammals, with the largest number of reports in horses and humans. The present study investigated the activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles (bioAgNP) in the treatment of experimental pythiosis. The disease was reproduced in nine female 90-day-old New Zealand rabbits. Animals were divided into three groups: group1 (control, n = 3) daily and topically treated with a nonionized gel-based formulation and 1 ml of sterile distilled water intralesion administered every 48 hours; group 2 (n = 3), daily and topically treated with gel-based formulation containing 1 μg/ml bio-AgNP; group 3 (n = 3), treated with 1 ml bio-AgNP in 1 μg/ml aqueous solution intralesion administered every 48 hours. Animals were treated for 45 days, and the area of subcutaneous lesions was measured every 5 days. Results showed that groups 2 and 3 differed from control group (P < .05) in the lesion area, as well as the amount of hyphae within the lesions. It was observed that lesions of treated animals (groups 2 and 3) did not differ from each other, showing that the application route did not influence the regression of lesions. However, it was observed that one animal from group 2 reached clinical cure at 35 days of treatment. This research is pioneer in the application of nanocomposites for the treatment of experimental pythiosis and showed that bio-AgNP can be powerful allies of integrative medicine and can be included in pythiosis therapeutic protocols.
Enacting the Logic of Possibility in Organizations and Management1
Authors: Feldman Martha S , Sengupta Prami
Published: January 2020

Public management sits at the intersection of social science studies and management practice. Social science studies are largely based on a logic of probability. Management practice, however, requires both a logic of probability and a logic of possibility. As a way of increasing the relevance of social science research to management practice, we explore ways of developing scholarship based on a logic of possibility. We discuss three approaches that provide ways of theorizing possibility: process theorizing, pragmatism, and practice theory. We identify concepts within each approach that can be used to reorient scholarship to a logic of possibility. We review an area of study, the field of routine dynamics, where these three approaches have been formative as a way of illustrating what can be achieved through adopting a logic of possibility.
Genetic variation in intraspecific populations of Rabdophaga rosaria (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) indicating possible diversification scenarios into sibling species along with host range expansion on willows (Salicaceae: Salix)
Authors: Sato Shinsuke , Harris Keith M , Collet Dominique M , Kim Wanggyu , Yukawa Junichi
Published: January 2020

We analysed the COI gene of mitochondrial DNA extracted from larvae of Rabdophaga (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induce rosette galls on Salix in the Holarctic Region. Genetic data show that they belong to species groups of Rabdophaga rosaria and Rabdophaga strobiloides. A maximum likelihood tree indicates that R. rosaria and R. strobiloides populations are divided into clades 1 and 2, respectively. Clade 1 is divided into subclades 1 and 2, and the latter is further divided into subclades 2A and 2B. Subclade 1 consists of populations on several Salix species of section Cinerella in subgenus Vetrix in Georgia and the UK. Subclade 2A contains populations on Salix alba (section Salix, subgenus Salix) in The Netherlands and the UK. Subclade 2B consists of populations on section Helix in Poland, Phylicifoliae in Alaska and Salix species in the Eastern Palaearctic Region. The genetic differences between populations of subclades 1, 2A and 2B range from 1.06 to 3.46%. We propose a possible diversification scenario of R. rosaria into sibling species through the expansion of host plant ranges. Clade 2 consists of R. strobiloides populations on two Alaskan Salix species of the sections Hastatae and Sitchenses in subgenus Vetrix.