bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Juror Evaluations of Expert Opinions Using the Expert Persuasion Expectancy (ExPEx) Framework
Authors: Martire Kristy , Navarro Danielle , Edmond Gary
Published: January 2020

Title: Exploring Juror Evaluations of Expert Opinions Using the Expert Persuasion Expectancy (ExPEx) Framework PurposeFactfinders in trials struggle to differentiate witnesses who offer genuinely expert opinions from those who do not. The Expert Persuasion Expectancy (ExPEx) framework proposes eight attributes logically relevant to this assessment: foundation, field, specialty, ability, opinion, support, consistency and trustworthiness. We present two experiments examining the effects of these attributes on the persuasiveness of a forensic gait analysis opinion. MethodsJury-eligible participants rated the credibility, value and weight of an expert report that was either generally strong (Exp. 1; N = 437) or generally weak (Exp. 2; N = 435). The quality of ExPEx attributes varied between participants. Allocation to condition (none, foundation, field, specialty, ability, opinion, support, consistency, trustworthiness) determined which attribute in the report would be weak (cf. strong; Exp. 1), or strong (cf. weak; Exp. 2). ResultsIn Experiment 1, the persuasiveness of a strong report was significantly undermined by weak versions of ability, consistency and trustworthiness. In Experiment 2. a weak report was significantly improved by strong versions of ability and consistency. Unplanned analyses of subjective ratings also identified effects of foundation, field, specialty and opinion.ConclusionsWe found that evidence that ability (i.e., personal proficiency), consistency (i.e., endorsement by other experts), and trustworthiness (i.e., objectivity) attributes influence opinion persuasiveness in logically appropriate ways. Ensuring that factfinders have information about these attributes may improve their assessments of expert opinion evidence. KEYWORDS: Expert opinion; Persuasion; Expert Testimony; Jury decision-making; Expert evidence
The impact of intolerance of uncertainty and cognitive behavioural instructions on safety learning
Authors: Wake Shannon Jade , van Reekum Carien M. , Dodd Helen , Morriss Jayne
Published: January 2020

Difficulty updating threat associations to safe associations has been observed in individuals who score high in self-reported Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU). Here we sought to determine whether an instruction based on fundamental principles of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) could promote safety learning in individuals with higher levels of IU, whilst controlling for self-reported trait anxiety (STICSA). We measured skin conductance response (SCR), pupil dilation and expectancy ratings during an associative threat learning task in which participants either received a cognitive behavioural instruction (CB) or no instruction prior to threat extinction (n = 92). Analyses revealed that both self-reported IU and STICSA similarly predicted differences in SCR. Only individuals with lower IU/STICSA in the CB instruction condition displayed successful safety learning via SCR. These initial results provide some insight into how simple CB instructions combined with exposure are applied differently in individuals with varying levels of self-reported anxiety. Conclusions. The results further our understanding of the role of basic CBT principles and self-reported anxiety in safety learning.
Evolução e distribuição da força de trabalho no Executivo Federal e as capacidades estatais: Governos Lula e Dilma
Authors: de Oliveira Ramos Nassor
Published: January 2020

O presente trabalho analisa a distribuição da força de trabalho no setor público federal aolongo dos governos Lula e Dilma (2003-2015), acreditando ser a transferência de pautasdas grandes áreas programáticas do planejamento governamental para o quantitativo deservidores ativos um indicativo da dimensão institucional das capacidades estatais. Asanálises realizadas se basearam principalmente nos Planos Plurianuais (PPAs) associadosa dados dos Censos Demográficos, do Sistema Integrado de Administração de RecursosHumanos (SIAPE) e análises das Leis de Diretrizes Orçamentárias. Os aumentos ereduções nos quantitativos dos Ministérios foram considerados indicadores damovimentação das áreas prioritárias de atuação do estado, associados a avaliação de suaeficácia. Os resultados atestam que a “máquina estatal” passou por recomposição após oscortes do período neoliberal e hoje situa-se num quadro de relativa estabilidade e atéqueda em alguns setores. No âmbito do desenvolvimentismo, o Estado se situanovamente como grande incentivador do desenvolvimento.
The 2010 Structural-Demographic Forecast for the 2010–2020 Decade: A Retrospective Assessment
Authors: Turchin Peter , Korotayev Andrey
Published: January 2020

This article revisits the prediction, made in 2010, that the 2010–2020 decade would likely be a period of growing instability in the United States and Western Europe (Turchin 2010). This prediction was based on a computational model that quantified in the USA such structural-demographic forces for instability as popular immiseration, intraelite competition, and state weakness prior to 2010. Using these trends as inputs, the model calculated and projected forward in time the Political Stress Index, which in the past was strongly correlated with socio-political instability. Ortmans et al. (2017) conducted a similar structural-demographic study for the United Kingdom and obtained similar results. Here we use the Cross-National Time-Series Data Archive for the US, UK, and Western European countries to assess these structural-demographic predictions. We find that such measures of socio-political instability as anti-government demonstrations and riots increased dramatically during the 2010–2020 decade in all of these countries.
Anthropology of the Living and the Dead: The Case of the Human Body and Technics (an Afterword to the Discussion)
Authors: SOKOLOVSKIY Sergei V.
Published: January 2020

This paper summarizes the discussion on anthropological approaches to the study of the interface of human body and technologies. Employing the concept of ‘hypocognition’ suggested by Robert Levy, the author describes the search for the conceptual tools necessary to create interdisciplinary dialogue in this new research field. In addition to a brief overview of this search and the resulting discussion, the paper argues with the traditional approach to the human body and technologies as separate phenomena. As new technologies interact with the human body in new and intricate ways, and influence human beings, societies, and cultures across the world, their study must become part and parcel of anthropology, which has so far focused on tradition and paid less attention to innovations.
A atribulada criação da Biblioteca Pública de Braga e o seu arrojado bibliotecário limiano
Authors: Sequeiros Paula
Published: January 2020

The creation of the Public Library of Braga, one of the first of the modern times in Portugal, and a brief sociobiography of Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Abreu, the first librarian, are here presented within the context of the social, economic, cultural and political power relations of the initial decades of the Library’s history.Some episodes of the creation and of the consolidation of the Library, as well as some episodes of the librarian’s professional life will be outlined to facilitate a wider reading. While building from specificity, the analysis and interpretation of this case enclose an explanatory capacity addressed at a wider framework, in what concerns both the history of public libraries in Braga, and the understanding of the cultural history of this period in Braga and in Portugal.
Practice and verification of work-life balance about between telecommuting and working at office with a child
Authors: Terui Takeshi , Terui Mieko , Iino Keiko , Nakamura Yoshiko
Published: January 2020

A father working at the National Institute of Polar Research and a mother working at NTT Security Japan KK achieved work-life balance (WLB) while nursing their child with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID). Its quantitative analysis was performed using detailed records of parents' life conditions and work records for two years to verify their WLB. The child routinely required nursing of either of his parents, who nursed while working. Nursing performed while the father worked with the child, and the mother did telework. In order to work while raising and nursing children with SMID, there was a limit to social welfare services, so an environment where various work styles were possible at work needed. Comparing the various working styles of parents and their employers, private companies outperformed national research institutions in many ways, including information systems and regulations. The WLB needed to reform the working environment to enable diverse work styles and indicated the need for work style reform as a management issue for national research institutions.
State Preemption of Local Laws: Origins and Modern Trends
Authors: Goodman Christopher B , Hatch Megan E. , McDonald Bruce D.
Published: January 2020

American cities are creatures of their states, with states both granting and limiting the power of their cities. This relationship is characterized by how cooperative or competitive states are with cities in their legislation. Despite the recent attention given to state preemption of local laws, this is not a new phenomenon. Part of the confusion surrounding preemption is that there is no shared definition or understanding of its forms. The purpose of this article is to begin to create that shared conception. In doing so, we define preemption according to its historic origins as the use of coercive methods to substitute state priorities for local policymaking. We argue modern state preemption of local laws can be divided into four phases, each with their own policies and mechanisms. We show how preemption has changed over time, shifting the functional, legal, and political relationship between states and their cities. Together, these phases help assist policymakers and administrators in understanding the nature of state preemption, and thus how to create and implement local policies in an environment where the distribution of power between governments is competitive and changing.
Langue des juges et des avocats
Authors: Kumar Dash , Natthani Meemon
Published: January 2020

Aux États-Unis, la plupart des juges et des avocats sont monolingues et la plupart ont passé leur carrière à étudier les subtilités de l'anglais parlé et écrit. L'anglais écrit est la voie prédominante pour préserver les procédures judiciaires. Les habitants des tribunaux sont des rédacteurs prolifiques de mémoires, de motions, d'ordonnances et d'opinions. Cependant, l'anglais de la salle d'audience semble parfois conçu pour être à la fois étranger et aliénant les anglophones natifs et non natifs. Malgré le sentiment général que la salle d'audience américaine est ouverte et accessible à tous, le registre juridique unique de la salle d'audience est en fait à la limite de la plupart des compétences des anglophones. Cette complexité va au-delà de l'utilisation de mots plus longs ou moins courants; en effet, les mots eux-mêmes peuvent être clairs et intelligibles, mais le tout peut ne pas être compris dans le sens où le destinataire n'est pas en mesure de le relier à la situation de la salle d'audience. Les juges et les avocats ne sont pas inconscients du contrôle qu'ils peuvent exercer du fait qu'ils connaissent et parlent la langue du système juridique; en fait, c'est ainsi qu'ils exercent leur métier. Plusieurs spécialistes du droit et de la linguistique ont appliqué les connaissances émergentes sur le registre, l'analyse du discours, les actes de langage et la stylistique pour explorer comment les participants à la salle d'audience peuvent exercer leur pouvoir linguistique.
Isolation and Characterization of Soil Myxobacteria from Nepal
Authors: Rana Nabin , Khadka Saraswoti , Marasini Bishnu Prasad , Joshi Bishnu , Poudel Pramod , Poudel Pramod , Khanal Santosh , Parajuli Niranjan
Published: January 2020

Realizing myxobacteria as a potential source of antimicrobial metabolites, we pursued research to isolate myxobacteria showing antimicrobial properties. We have successfully isolated three strains (NR-1, NR-2, NR-3) using the Escherichia coli baiting technique. These isolates showed typical myxobacterial growth characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the strains (NR-1, NR-2, NR-3) belong to the family Archangiaceae, suborder Cystobacterineae, and order Myxococcales. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity searched through BLAST revealed that strain NR-1 showed the closest similarity (91.8 %) to the type strain Vitiosangium cumulatum (NR-156939), NR-2 showed (98.8 %) to the type of Cystobacter badius (NR-043940), and NR-3 showed the closest similarity (83.5 %) to the type of strain Cystobacter fuscus (KP-306730). All isolates showed better growth in 0.5-1 % NaCl and pH around 7.0, whereas no growth was observed at pH 9.0 and below 5.0. All strains showed better growth at 32° C and hydrolyzed starch, whereas casein was efficiently hydrolyzed by NR-1 and NR-2. Besides, preliminary antimicrobial tests from crude extracts showed activities against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Our findings suggest that the arcane soil habitats of Nepal harbor myxobacteria with the capability to produce diverse antimicrobial activities that may be explored to overcome the rapidly rising global concern about antibiotic resistance.
Torque Characteristic Analysis of Outer Rotor Permanent Magnet Generator for Low Head Hydro Power Application
Authors: Irasari Pudji , Hikmawan Muhammad Fathul , Widiyanto Puji
Published: January 2020

This paper analyzes the torque characteristics of outer rotor PMG for low head hydro power application. The aim is to prevent the generator torque from exceeding the turbine torque as the prime mover so that the system can work properly in both start and steady state conditions. The PMG is of outer rotor type and the torques are calculated analytically and numerically. The analysis is focused only on the PMG without connecting it to the turbine. Two analyzed torques include electromagnetic torque and starting torque, which comprises cogging torque, hysteresis torque and friction torque. The electromagnetic torque was obtained by loading the PMG with resistance and impedance (RL-LL in series) respectively. The results indicate that electromagnetic torque is the highest among all the investigated torques although its value is only 5.6% of the turbine torque, and cogging torque is the highest among the starting torque. From those results, it can be concluded that the hydro turbine torque can overcome the generator torque both at start and steady state conditions.
Spatial Modelling of Landscape and Land Cover Pattern at Semarang City
Authors: Sugiyo Kurniawati , Supriatna Supriatna , Risnarto Risnarto
Published: January 2020

Semarang City is one of the largest city in Indonesia. Tidal flooding at the coast and landslide at the hills, are the issues the city currently dealing with as a side effect of land conversion. The study on spatial pattern and its change of landscape/land cover is important for a better understanding in environmental management at this city. Landsat images from 1996, 2003 and 2016 and landscape indices were used to analyze landscape/land cover pattern and its change. Binary Logistic Regression and GIS were used to build a mathematical and spatial modelling of landscape/land cover change using driving factors. Land cover change mostly happened to shrubs that turned into mixed crops at 1996-2003; while at 2003-2016, it happened to agriculture that turned into settlements. Landscape indices shows that the highest land utilization and land fragmentation with high mixing and diversity mostly occurred at elevation 25-100 MASL at 1996-2003; and at 2003-2016, it occurred at elevation 100-500 MASL. Spatial modeling of landscape/land cover at Semarang City can explain 61,98% from its actual condition. Elevation has the strongest significance relation to the landscape/land cover change.
Multiple Choice Questions in Medical Education: How to Construct High Quality Questions
Authors: Salam Abdus , Yousuf Rabeya , Bakar Sheikh Muhammad Abu
Published: January 2020

Multiple choice questions (MCQ) are the most widely used objective test items. Students often learn what we assess, and not what we teach, although teaching and assessment are the two sides of the same coin. So, assessment in medical education is very important to ensure that qualified competent doctors are being produced.A good test is the test that assesses higher level of thinking skills. Many inhouse MCQs are found faulty which assess lower level of thinking skills. The main problems in constructing good MCQs are that (i) very few faculty members have formal training in questions construction, (ii) most of the questions are prepared in the last minutes where little time exist for vetting to review the quality of questions and (iii) lack of promise on the standard of the question format and underestimation of the use of blueprint in medical schools. Constructing good MCQs, emphasis should be given that, the stem is meaningful and present a definite problem, it contains only relevant material and avoid negativity. It should be ensuring that, all options present as plausible, clear and concise, mutually exclusive, logical in order, free from clues and avoid ‘all of the above’ and ‘none of the above’. The MCQs can tests well any higher level of the cognitive domain, if it is constructed well. Efforts must be made to prepare and use of test blueprint as a guide to construct good MCQs. This paper describes and offers medical teachers a window to a comprehensive understanding of different types and aspects of MCQs and how to construct test blueprint and good MCQs that tests higher order thinking skills in the future medical graduates, thereby ensures competent doctors are being produced.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 02 April’20 Page : 79-88
Encouragement and Challenge for Lecturers at Faculty of Medicine in Writing MCQ Questions
Authors: Luailiayah Afridatul , Rahayu Gandes Retno , Claramita Mora
Published: January 2020

Objective: to explore factors that was being a challenge and an encouragement for lecturers in writing MCQ questions.Methods: This was a content analysis qualitative research. Determination of the research subject was done with a maximum variation purposive sampling that was choosing faculty of medicine at states university with an A accreditation, and faculty of medicine at private university with a B accreditation. Then research subjects was selected from each of these institutions with variations in teaching time, clinical and non-clinical lecturers, active and not active in writing MCQ questions. The amount of research subject was 16. The results of the interview were transcripted and conducted with an open coding using Open Code 4.3 program by a researcher and a research assistant. Coding results were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.Results: Results from the qualitative analysis showed factors that was being an encourage for lecturers in writing MCQ questions were the fulfillment of basic needs such as an autonomy, competence, relatedness, and religiosity. While the factors that was being a challenge for lecturers were not fulfilling these basic needs.Conclusions: Autonomy, competence, relatedness, and religiosity were basic needs that was influence lecturers in writing MCQ questions. If the institutions aimed to conducted appropriate development programs for lecturers, they must pay attention to the basic human needs of life such as autonomy, relatedness, competence and religiosity.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 02 April’20 Page : 120-127
Rapid synthesis of high-purity Al4SiC4 powder by microwave hybrid heating
Authors: Guan Chunlong , Guo Xiaoxu , Tian Ye , Wang Shun , Wei Fengchun , Zhao Zhiwei , Li Zhengxin
Published: January 2020

Al4SiC4 powder was successfully synthesised at a temperature 150 °C lower than before: the use of a microwave hybrid heating method required only 3 % of the heating time compared to conventional methods. The effects of composition and processing parameters, such as temperature and dwell time on the formation process of Al4SiC4 were investigated. The results indicated that with the excess Al from 0 to 5 at.% in the composition, the amount of Al4SiC4 phase in the samples processed at 1 200 °C increased together with the decreasing amount of Al4C3 phase. Further increases in the content of Al above 5 at.% resulted in the decrease of the Al4SiC4 phase content. For a fixed composition of Al : SiC : C of 4.05 : 1 : 3, Al4SiC4 formed as a major phase together with the decrease of SiC, C, and Al4C3 phases at temperatures varying from 1 000 °C to 1 500 °C for 6 min. When the dwell time was extended to 15 min at 1 500 °C, a high-purity Al4SiC4 phase with a tiny amount of impurities could be synthesised. The as-obtained powder was mainly composed of hexagonal plate-shaped particles with a mean diameter of approximately 1 μm.
Use of Creative Teaching Methods as a Basis for the Future Specialist’s Innovative Activity in High School
Authors: Basiuk Liubov , Dobroskok Iryna
Published: January 2020

The article discloses the problem of creative teaching methods as the basis of the future specialist’s innovative activity using in the high school. On the basis of the scientific literature analysis, the concept of «innovative activity» is generalized. It is noted that an innovative activity is considered as a management activity that takes into account the needs of the market economy in the continuous updating of goods, services, technologies and manifested itself in the effort to out-compete by means of novelty, perfection and product quality, support for creative initiative workers; and in the readiness for organizational changes, to the breakdown of management structures in response to market fluctuations, etc. It is noticed that a significant part of the researchers refers the concept of «innovative activity» to the characteristics of the enterprise activity, and not to its employee. The specialist’s innovative activity is one of the manifestations of its work activity, which is connected with the ability to work, to generate new ideas, to develop innovations and create innovations and also with the implementation of the acquired knowledge, abilities, professionalism at a certain level of motivation. The expediency of using creative teaching methods in the educational process of higher education is proved. It is proved that by the help of only traditional training methods it is not possible to fully prepare a specialist who will be competitive on the world labour market; therefore, it is necessary to apply creative teaching methods in the educational process of higher education. It is noted that the increasing of the specialist’s innovative activity requires application non-standard, creative methods of teaching in the process of its training, the use of creative teaching methods contributes to the development of personality’s creativity, the search for non-standard solutions, which is determinant in the formation of innovative activity of a specialist as a professional.
Teacher Training as a Prerequisite for the Development of the School Biological Education System in Ukraine
Authors: Novykova Nina
Published: January 2020

The article considers the school biological education as an integral pedagogical system with a certain structure. The purpose of the study is to outline the priority trends in training and advanced training of a biology teacher as an important active person in the system of school biological education for each period of its development. The benefit of this study is that the main trends in teacher training as an essential element of the school biological education system, which has its own history, determined by socio-political, economic, cultural factors of the social environment in accordance with the designated periodization of the school biological education system in Ukraine during the XX – early XXI centuries (4 periods), are analyzed. It is determined that the gnostic-professional component provides for the selection and implementation of progressive pedagogical experience as a scientific and methodological condition for the functioning of the system. The directions of increasing the efficiency of methodical work are determined.
The author of the article has made a conclusion that the process of education transformation needs to improve the organizational, methodological, informational and scientific activities of methodological services through: improving the organizational support for the process of identifying objects of experience; forming the scientific and methodological competence of employees involved in this work and providing guidance to this process. In the author’s opinion, training a teacher for pedagogical creativity as an integral system is based on a combination of dialectical categories, they are: general (a component of the professional general pedagogical work of a teacher); special (a specificity, which is conditioned by the laws of the creative process and the formation of the creative personality) and individual (it reflects the dependence of training on the personal qualities of a teacher). The author also notes that quality, efficiency, choice and equal access to education as unified priorities of Ukrainian educational policy require constant attention to the systematic training of teachers with new professional qualities. The final line in the article is that the teacher’s self-education activity will remain relevant as a necessary factor for the development of Ukrainian national education.
Formation of the Future Teacher’s Professional Competence: European Experience
Authors: Prokopenko Iryna
Published: January 2020

The article clarifies the essence of the concepts of «сompetence» and «professional competence», determines the components of teacher’s professional competence: motivational (interest and motivation for future professional activity), cognitive (formed knowledge), operational (acquired skills and abilities) and personal-reflexive (ability to self-esteem, self-development and self- improvement). The author, on the basis of comparative analysis, shows the experience of forming the future teacher’s professional competence in leading countries such as: Germany, Denmark, Great Britain, France and others. The article outlines the peculiarities of the formation of the future teacher’s professional competence in determined countries. The interesting aspect in the formation of the future teacher’s professional competence in Germany is its information component, whose high level of evaluation is facilitated by the introduction of modern multimedia technologies in the educational process. The peculiarity of the Danish system of the future teachers’ professional competence formation is the availability of an additional vocational guidance level. So while forming the professional competence of a future teacher in the UK, considerable attention is paid to student’s research activities built on the humanization and democratization of the educational process in this country. The specificity of the future teachers’ professional competence formation in universities of France is that its most important component is the information and communication component. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the positive experience of the future teachers’ professional competence formation abroad is generalized; the recommendations on its introduction into the system of professional training in higher education institutions of Ukraine are worked out. The conclusion is made that the formation of the future teacher’s professional competence abroad will contribute to: the introduction of professional selection of applicants for teaching professions; exploiting the potential of non-formal education; an increase in the duration of teaching practice and the introduction of a mentoring system; inclusion of academic disciplines, that provide inclusive education, into the educational process; providing benefits to active teaching methods based on an interdisciplinary and problem-based approach; creating conditions for the exchange of experience of higher educational institutions with foreign educational institutions.
Essence and Structure of the Formation of Communicative Competence of Students
Authors: Xiao Tan
Published: January 2020

The article reveals the peculiarities of formation of students’ communicative competence in the professional training process, which involves the formation of their communicatively meaningful personality traits, a pronounced humanistic tendency to communicate with pupils, the possession of a system of integrated professional- speech skills and communicative qualities. The author defines the essence of the concept of «communicative competence of students» as a process and the result of professional training on the ability to subject-subjective interaction with colleagues of preschool age, which contains a complex of communication knowledge, skills and abilities. The benefit of the study is that a great attention is focused on creating the favorable conditions for the implementation of interpersonal communication in future professional activities.
The author of the article has made a conclusion that the analysis of scientific literature gives grounds to assert that the formation of students’ communicative competence is understood by us as a process and the result of professional training on the ability to subject-subject interaction with colleagues and children of preschool age, which contains a complex of communication knowledge, skills and abilities. The author has also identified the components of the structure of the communicative competence formation, which include: motivational-cognitive (comprehension of the multifaceted personality, understanding of its desires; requirement and motives; positive attitude towards colleagues; feeling of community with the team); content (knowledge of norms and rules of communication and interaction, knowledge of ways to resolve conflicts); reflexive (effective use of communicative knowledge, skills and abilities that regulate the communication process, ability to collaborate in joint activities and communication with colleagues, use of constructive ways of resolving conflicts). The author of the article believes that the determining the essence and components of the formation of students’ communicative competence will provide an opportunity to substantiate and develop the technology of forming the communicative competence of students in the process of professional training and its implementation in the educational process of H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University.
Innovative Pedagogical Teaching Technologies: Content and Characteristics
Authors: Jing Chen
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of innovative pedagogical teaching technologies, implemented in the institutions of higher education, namely their content and characteristics. Analysing the problem, it was found that the term «educational technologies» is very common in science and education, and there are different approaches to its determination. The author of the article defines that «educational technologies» can be represented in three aspects, namely: scientific-methodological and descriptive, processual effective. It is noted in the article that, determining the structure of the category of «educational technologies», the scientists refer to its conceptual part, substantive, procedural and methodological and software support; they have singled out the basic methodological principles and criteria to be met by educational technologies. It is also noted in the article that the technical information technologies develop the idea of a programmed instruction associated with the unique capabilities of modern computers and telecommunications. The main goal of modern information technologies study is to prepare students for a full life in the informational society. The leading principles, as the basis for educational technologies introduction to higher educational institutions, are: the principle of orientation clearly and thoroughly defined goals; the principle of chosen training; the principle of subjectivity training; the principle of variability study; the pedagogical competence principle; the principle of professional similarities and borrowings; the principle of corresponding human nature. The author of the article defined that the methods of NIT training suppose: a traditional learning model; an alternative learning model. The modern educational technologies are discussed in the article and it gives the reason to believe that now they develop the idea of programmed study, which is associated with the unique capabilities of modern computers and telecommunications. The author of the article makes a conclusion that studies of many authors suggest that the main goal of modern information technology education is to prepare students for a full life in the information society. In author’s opinion, the newest modern technologies are the technologies of mobile learning, based on the intensive use of modern mobile equipment and technologies.
Propedeutics of Creative Development of the Future Specialist in the Process of Vocational Training
Authors: Masych Vitalii , Masych Svitlana
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of the organization of propaedeutic work for the creative development of future specialists in the process of vocational training. The authors noted that arming future specialists with knowledge, skills, experience, providing creative development of the individual, will allow them to adapt more quickly to real professional activity, to be able not only to adapt to the existing conditions of this activity, but also to change them. The benefit of this study is authors’ definitition that propaedeutic work with students for the purpose of their creative development involves: the teacher’s preliminary training, which is to increase its motivation regarding the importance of forming the future specialists’ creative competence; the preparation of methodical support; the activation of a conscious, positive attitude of teachers towards the formation of the students’ creative competence; the acquaintance with its content and structure; the development and elaboration of educational and methodological recommendations for implementation of the methodical system for forming creative competence in the process of future specialists’ professional training. Also the authors underlined the fact that, in the process of working with students, there was the emergence of positive benchmarks for future professional activities and the focus on their mastering a system of professional knowledge, skills and abilities; the formation of the motivation for a creative self-development and self-improvement, the awareness of their own creative potential, the clarification of life and professional sense, goals and plans; the formation of ideas about creative competence as an essential characteristic of the future specialist. Moreover, the authors made a conclusion, that the result of propaedeutics was the identification of positive benchmarks for future professional activities and the focus on the future professionals’ development in the system of professional knowledge, skills and abilities; the formation of the motivation for creative self-development and self-improvement, ideas about the creative competence of future professionals as an essential characteristic of professionalism, the awareness of their own creative potential, the clarification of life and professional sense, goals and plans.
Psychological Factors in the Formation of the Manager’s Positive Image
Authors: Lozovskyi Oleksandr , Ivanchuk Daria
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the psychological factors in the formation of the manager’s positive image. The authors consider the image of a manager as a component of the corporate image of the organization and one of the factors of the organization’s effective positioning in a competitive environment. The article examines the content and factors of the formation of a positive image of the head of the organization as a modern direction of improving the efficiency of management personnel based on the optimization of professional communication and relationships with people. The emphasis is laid by the authors of the article on the peculiarities of the role of the organization manager as a central figure in a personnel management. It is the benefit of the study that, considering features of the image as a socio- psychological category, the mechanism of its formation is determined on the basis of analysis of the main factors and stages of its formation. It is also proved that all kinds of the image are in one way or another interconnected, so they should be taken into account. The authors believe that the knowledge of these types of the image allows a manager to respond adequately to different situations that arise in the management of the enterprise. Moreover, the emphasis is also onto creating a positive image of a manager, which determines the success of the subordinate. It was in this regard that the quality of a manager was considered. And on this basis, a number of practical recommendations were given by authors of the article to prevent the emergence of problems in shaping the image of a manager and strengthening its position in the management of the company’s team. It is proved that the positive image of an organization’s manager has a significant influence on the formation of both the internal and external image of the organization and can become one of the competitive advantages. The authors concludes that a positive image leads to emotional reactions of trust and, often, sympathies, which contributes to the formation of common interests within the business entity; and in addition, in all other situational conditions, a positive image creates more guarantees for the implementation of cooperation and motivates others to highly effective and productive work. The perspectives of the research are defined by the authors as: to reveal the content of the image as a managerial phenomenon, to consider the image of the head as an important factor in optimizing the personnel management system, to identify subjective and objective image-forming factors.
The Using of Partnership Technology in the Group Educational Activities of Future Primary Classes Teachers
Authors: Vyhrestenko Zhanna
Published: January 2020

The article clarifies that partnership is a collaboration constructing all activities, communication and behavior on the basis of voluntary responsibility and equality in achieving common goals and outcomes. It is proved by the author that the technology of cooperation acquired new features in the process of its development, but some of its originally incorporated elements lost their significance. This technology evolved into a technology of partnership, new approaches and methods of achieving results appeared in its structure. The definition of «technology of partnership in education» is specified. It is a system of use in a certain sequence of methods, techniques, strategies and means of subject-subjective interaction of participants in the educational process on the basis of tolerance and creativity. It has been determined that it is important for the partnership technology that it is based on the use of the group work method as the most common form of cooperation. The basic principles of partnership business relationships are the respect for a personality; benevolence, conscious management of the course of interaction, a distributed leadership, a social partnership. The advantages of using partnership technology in students education is to develop their autonomy and reflexivity; to feel freedom in decision making; the opportunity to proceed from own motives, values, ideals, interests and needs in the ways of its activity; for teachers – exemption from continuing care for students, control of each step.
The author believes that the most effective in the formation of partnership relations is the using of methods of intensive learning as a way of cognition, which is carried in the forms of students’ common activities, their interaction and information exchange, the common solution of different problems. The intensive teaching of future teachers includes the using of interactive methods, heuristic conversations, and multimedia presentations, discussion of special videos of lessons, using computer-assisted methods, trainings, practical group and individual exercises, modeling of educational processes or situations, group work with author’s manuals. The intensive training is carried in the following forms: meetings with well- known teachers, master classes, competitions in creative works with their discussions.
The Development of the School’s Economical Education in Ukraine (the end of the 20th- the beginning of the 21th centuries)
Authors: Zhorova Iryna
Published: January 2020

The article clarifies the main tendencies of the school economic education development in Ukraine from the end of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century.
The stages of the economic disciplines’ implementation in the educational process of secondary education establishments are revealed as: the first stage (it was between 1991 – 1993) was a period of the search of content, forms and methods of teaching economics; the second stage (between 1994-2000) was the period of formation and updating of the school economic education content; the third stage (2001-2004) was the period of mass introduction of economy in general educational establishments; the fourth stage (since 2005) was the period of the formation of continuous economic education.
It was revealed that the socio-political and socio-economic changes taken place in the early 1990s with the proclamation of Ukraine’s independence actualized the issue of providing the high level of the younger generation economic competence. That is why, since the middle of the 90’s, the optional classes in economics are opened in schools, and later ‒ the economics and entrepreneurship classes.
In the process of the research it has been found out that the beginning of the 21st century was marked by the adoption of a number of state acts proclaiming general trends in the development of education in Ukraine and identified the peculiarities of school educational management including economic (the inclusion of economic education in the invariant and variation part of the curriculum, introduction of the economic profile of the social and humanitarian direction, the expansion and differentiation of the content of economic education, the improvement of the quality of personnel and logistics of teaching disciplines and economic direction).
It is emphasized that the quality of secondary education is ensured through the implementation of the invariant and variation parts of the curriculum. The corresponding disciplines are presented as those that form the students’ outlook, economic culture and entrepreneurship.
It was indicated that a positive step towards the reforming of secondary education was the introduction of profile education in secondary schools, which included the economic profile of the social and humanitarian direction.
It was stated that at the beginning of the XXI century, in the conditions of permanent changes in society, integration into the world educational space, a school economic education also sustains a constant modernization on the way of upgrading the content and finding the effective forms of the students’ economic competence development.
ESTIMATION OF THE MAIN GAS PIPELINE OPERATION UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS OF GAS LEAKAGE
Authors: Bolonny V. T.
Published: January 2020

The characteristics of the gas transportation system of Ukraine are presented, the emergency risks of domestic gas transportation pipeline sys­tems are established. The analysis of the accident rate of gas pipeline trans­port in Ukraine and Russia was carried out. Presented technique of deter­mining the emergency pressure in the pipeline, depending on the amount of gas losses from pipeline at the point of its leakage provides an opportunity to determine the volume of gas losses from the pipeline and to evaluate the environmental risks due to emergency situations of gas pipeline transport. This technique makes it possible to calculate the pressure at each point of pipeline under nonstationary conditions caused by changes in pressure at the beginning and at the end of the sector and the emergence of concentrated gas leakage.

Based on the results of calculations, a graph of pressure change of the oscillatory process in the gas pipeline caused by jump of pressures at the beginning and at the end of the sector, and the presence of probable lea­kages at the determined point of the trace was constructed. The linear part of the main gas pipelines is the most dangerous object, as all emergency sit­uations are associated with emergency processes of different intensity in the form of gas leakage into the environment and in fact are dangerous when system failures appear. The process and the time period for the formation of the gas pollution zone depend on the amount of gas leakage, its intensity and depth of the gas pipeline.

The filtration resistance of the soil as a porous medium, in particular its permeability, have a significant effect on the amount of gas leakage through corrosive orifice. As a result, there is a correlation between the amount of gas losses associated with the leakage, and the laws of its filtra­tion in the surrounding soil.

As a result, the effect of gas filtration process in the soil in the event of leakage from pipelines has been investigated. The graphic dependence of change in pressure of the filtration resistance of the medium and the time-changing leakage which are designed for different soil characteristics is obtained.
COMBINED STEAM AND GAS TURBINE POWER UNIT WITH MAGNETIC HYDRODYNAMIC INSERT
Authors: Kulyk M. P.
Published: January 2020

A possible way out of the critical state of existing thermal power generation facilities of Ukrainian IPS (Integrated Power System) is seen in their refurbishment with combined steam and gas turbine power units, especially with those operating on solid fuel. Solid fuel, namely ground coal is burned according to scheme from an additional cyclone extended furnace sequentially connected to the main furnace using atmospheric air enriched with oxygen. Atmospheric air is enriched with oxygen by means of membrane air separators to the concentration of up to 40% vol.

The peculiarity of the proposed power unit is presence of a magnetic hydrodynamic insert, which is located in the additional furnace sequentially connected to the main furnace, the additional furnace is made with a double cooling jacket. Heated air and coal dust is mixed in the additional furnace inlet to form a working fluid for MHD generation. After passing the area of nets and crown electrodes, the charged particles, flying at high speed past the extracting nets, reach a collector where positive charge is accumulated. This charge is essentially the electromotive force of MHD generator, the bigger part of voltage goes on load resistance and smaller part comes to crown electrodes.

Due to the increased oxygen content, the flare temperature increases, approaching 2700-3000 0C, and due to a much smaller amount of nitrogen, formation of nitrogen oxides is decreased. This reaction is endothermic, which explains increase of the flare temperature, and therefore, increase of thermal efficiency of the furnace.

The amount of generated electricity is increased due to the work of the magnetic hydrodynamic insert, while amount of coal burned is not changed. Along with the increase of overall efficiency, the emissions of formed nitrogen oxides are decreased, which improves environmental situation in the power unit location.