bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic analysis of the virome of pooled plasma from healthy blood donors
Authors: Shan Zhengang , Huang Jieting , Wang Min , Xu Ru , Liao Qiao , Zhong Huishan , Liu Bochao , Yang Hualong , Fu Yongshui , Rong Xia
Published: August 2023

Qualified blood from healthy donors may still contain infectious pathogens that could become important threats to human life. The objective of this study was to screen for blood-borne viruses and analyze the virome profiles in plasma via metagenomic sequencing. A total of 1,200 plasma samples were collected and mixed into 12 pools based on sampling time, then DNA and cDNA libraries were constructed for sequencing which was carried out by Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system. After data cleaning and filtering using bioinformatic tools, 2336 viral reads via DNA sequencing and 61985 viral reads via cDNA sequencing were obtained. Seven DNA viruses belonging to three families and one RNA virus were identified from these reads. Most of the viruses found in pooled plasma were considered non- pathogenic, especially anellovirus found in all 12 pools and human pegivirus detected in 7 of the 12 pools. Three pathogenic viruses were found by DNA sequencing, including human herpes virus 6A, human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. All of them belong to the family Herpesviridae and their reads accounted for 7.9% (184/2336). Currently, data on anellovirus and human pegivirus in China are scarce. The herpes virus, which has a high sero-prevalence, is not a mandatory marker for blood screening. This study preliminary elucidated the virome spectra in blood from qualified donors in Guangzhou and contributed to information regarding blood transfusion safety in China.
Investigating the effect of silicon on the morpho-physiological and molecular structures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yannong 19) under cadmium stress
Authors: Boorboori Mohammad Reza , Zhang Haiyang
Published: August 2023

There is a rapid increase in the contamination of agricultural soils with cadmium worldwide, especially in China, so it is necessary to find solutions to reduce the toxicity of it. To investigate the effect of silicon on cadmium toxicity in Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yannong 19, an experiment was conducted with four treatments (control, silicon, cadmium, silicon × cadmium). This experiment examined the following factors in wheat: root-and-shoot cadmium concentration, TF, root-and-shoot Silicon concentration, SOD, POD, CAT, APX, GSH, ASA, MDA, total protein content, total soluble sugars, root-and-shoot dry weight, Total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, the content of N, P, and K. The present study showed that cadmium treatment severely affected wheat seedling morphological and physiological factors, but silicon treatment greatly reduced these adverse effects. Furthermore, silicon alone had significant positive effects on wheat's biochemical and morphological structures. The results of this study also revealed that silicon treatment increased TaPIP1 and TaLsi1 gene expression, whilst cadmium treatment caused the upregulation of TaNramp5, TaLCT1, TaTM20, TaHMA2, and TaHMA3 genes. In conclusion, the present study found that, although cadmium negatively affects the various structures of Yannong 19, nevertheless, Sodium Metasilicate Nonahydrate (a source of silicon) can be a viable method of reducing cadmium absorption, transfer, and toxicity in this wheat variety.
Effects of TmTak1 silencing on AMP production as an Imd pathway component in Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Hwang Su Hyeon , JANG Ho Am , Kojour Maryam Ali Mohammadie , Yun Keunho , LEE Yong Seok , HAN Yeon Soo , JO Yong Hun
Published: August 2023

Mealworms beetles, Tenebrio molitor, are the limelight next-generation food for humans due to their high nutrient contents. Since Tenebrio molitor is used as feed for pets and livestock in addition to their ability to decompose polystyrene and plastic waste, it is recognized as an insect with an industrial core value. Therefore, it is important to study the immune mechanism related to the development and infection of mealworms for mass breeding purposes. The Imd (immune deficiency) signaling is one of the main pathways with pivotal roles in the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activated kinase (Tak1) is one of the Imd pathway components, forms a complex with Tak1 binding protein 2 (Table 2) to ultimately help activate the transcription factor Relish and eventually induce host to produce AMPs. Relatively, little has been revealed about Tak1 in insect models, especially in the T. molitor. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate the function of TmTak1 in T. molitor. Our results showed that the highest and lowest mRNA expression of TmTak1 were found in Egg and young larvae respectively. The tissue-specific expression patterns were reported in the gut of T. molitor larvae and the fay bodies of adults. Systemic microbial challenge illustrated TmTak1 high expression following the fungal infection in all dissected tissues except for the whole body. However, silencing TmTak1 experiments showed that the survivability of T. molitor larvae affected significantly following Escherichia coli infection. Accordingly, AMP induction after TmTak1 knock down was mainly reported in the integument and the fat bodies.
Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: an effective tool for quick screening of salinity tolerance in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: Rashid Muhammad , Shah Kausar Hussain , Noreen Sibgha , Akhtar Muhammad Salim , Akrem Ahmed , Athar Habib-ur-Rehman , Mahmood Seema
Published: August 2023

Chlorophyll a fluorescence (CF) is an effective tool to measure the photosynthetic efficiency, functional capacity and structural stability of photosystem-II and the overall health status of plants in normal or stress environment. The present study was designed to investigate the response of PSII through CF in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) grown under saline stress (200 mM NaCl). In first round, eighteen varieties were screened for salinity tolerance at vegetative stage. The relative rate of reduction in biomass, pigments, Na+ and K+ indicated YBS-93, YBS-94 and YDR-8-1 varieties as tolerant and the YBS-98, YCMP-19 and YCMP-34 varieties as salt sensitive varieties. While the chlorophyll-a fluorescence transient analysis, raw OJIP induction curves, Fo and Fm normalised curves exhibited that substantial variation in CF occurred at the O, J, I and P steps in salt sensitive varieties. The comprehensive investigation of JIP test attributes proposed that salinity stress triggered photoinhibition of PSII via disturbance in absorption of light from reaction centres (ABS), low electron transport and photochemical fluxes (ETo, ψ0 & ɸEo) and increased dissipation fluxes (DIo & ɸDo). However, increased dissipation energy (DIO/RC) under salinity stress acts as a preventative control to protect PSII from photooxidative damage in the thylakoid membrane. While photoinhibition of PSII resulted in decrease in quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and performance index (Pi) under salinity stress. These findings provided important understanding of the salinity tolerance in pearl millet and have opened avenues to further explore the molecular signalling pathways involved in salinity tolerance.
Hippocampus shapes cortical sensory output and novelty coding through a direct feedback circuit
Authors: Butola Tanvi , Frausto Melissa Hernandez , Blankvoort Stefan , Flatset M. S. , Peng Lulu , Elmaleh Margot , Hairston Ariel , Hussain Fabliha , Clopath Claudia , Kentros Clifford , Basu Jayeeta
Published: August 2023

To extract behaviorally relevant information from our surroundings, our brains constantly integrate and compare incoming sensory information with those stored as memories. Cortico-hippocampal interactions could mediate such interplay between sensory processing and memory recall1–4 but this remains to be demonstrated. Recent work parsing entorhinal cortex-to-hippocampus circuitry show its role in episodic memory formation5–7 and spatial navigation8. However, the organization and function of the hippocampus-to-cortex back-projection circuit remains uncharted. We combined circuit mapping, physiology and behavior with optogenetic manipulations, and computational modeling to reveal how hippocampal feedback modulates cortical sensory activity and behavioral output. Here we show a new direct hippocampal projection to entorhinal cortex layer 2/3, the very layer that projects multisensory input to the hippocampus. Our finding challenges the canonical cortico-hippocampal circuit model where hippocampal feedback only reaches entorhinal cortex layer 2/3 indirectly via layer 5. This direct hippocampal input integrates with cortical sensory inputs in layer 2/3 neurons to drive their plasticity and spike output, and provides an important novelty signal during behavior for coding objects and their locations. Through the sensory-memory feedback loop, hippocampus can update real-time cortical sensory processing, efficiently and iteratively, thereby imparting the salient context for adaptive learned behaviors with new experiences.
Enhancing high-vocabulary image annotation with a novel attention-based pooling
Authors: Salar Ali , Ahmadi Ali
Published: August 2023

Given an image, we aim to assign a set of semantic labels to its visual content automatically. This is generally known as automatic image annotation (AIA). Images contain objects that can vary in size and position, with some only taking up a small region of the entire picture. The rise in the number of object classes also heightens this variety. Despite the achievement of promising results, the majority of current methods have limited efficacy in the detection of small-scale objects. To make more effective use of spatial data compared to the global pooling method, we propose a modified transformer decoder layer that improves computational complexity without sacrificing model performance. The study has conducted multiple experiments on four datasets, including three high-vocabulary small-scale datasets (Corel 5k, IAPR TC-12, and Esp Game) and one large-scale dataset (Visual Genome) with a vocabulary list of 500 words. In comparison to existing state-of-the-art models, our approach achieves comparable results in F1-score, \({\text{N}}^{+}\), and mean average precision (mAP) on small- and large-scale datasets.
Lets walk! The fallacy of first- and last-mile public transport
Authors: Rich Jeppe
Published: August 2023

In recent years there has been an upsurge in smart mobility solutions that provide door-to-door services. Although these services offer convenience to certain individuals, it's frequently overlooked that they can lead to substantial welfare losses when accounting for the reduced health benefits that stemming from reduced physical activity. In this paper we derive the consumer surplus function of first- and last-mile public transport services and identify the boundaries under which these services fails to be socially beneficial. This is then used to study the Pareto frontier between welfare effects resulting from improved health and welfare effects from improved accessibility. The results are based on a simulation study and a recent agent-based model from Copenhagen focusing on first- and last-mile public transport. The overarching conclusion offered in the paper, is that first-mile services are largely irrelevant when trip distances are below 1 km. In this case, the probability of failure is almost 100% for any realistic parametrisation. The practical implication of this finding is that planners and researchers should direct their attention to the design of main transit networks and the access and egress of active modes to- and from the stations. In contrast, they should focus less on first- and last-mile solutions below a certain granularity. In particular, door-to-door services should not be the priority of public funding unless in very specific situations.
An integrated newborn care kit (iNCK) to save newborn lives and improve health outcomes in Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Pakistan: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fadaleh Sarah Abu , Pell Lisa G. , Yasin Muhammad , Farrar Daniel S. , Khan Sher Hafiz , Tanner Zachary , Paracha Shariq , Madhani Falak , Bassani Diego G. , Ahmed Imran , Soofi Sajid B. , Taljaard Monica , Spitzer Rachel F. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. , Morris Shaun K.
Published: August 2023

Background
Ongoing high neonatal mortality rates (NMRs) represent a global challenge. In 2021, of the 5 million deaths reported worldwide for children under five years of age, 47% were newborns. Pakistan has one of the five highest national NMRs in the world, with an estimated 39 neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births. Reducing newborn deaths requires sustainable, evidence-based, and cost-effective interventions that can be integrated within existing community healthcare infrastructure across regions with high NMR.
Methods
This pragmatic, community-based, parallel-arm, open-label, cluster randomized controlled trial aims to estimate the effect of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) providing an integrated newborn care kit (iNCK) with educational instructions to pregnant women in their third trimester, compared to the local standard of care in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, on neonatal mortality and other newborn and maternal health outcomes. The iNCK contains a clean birth kit, 4% chlorhexidine topical gel, sunflower oil emollient, a ThermoSpot™ temperature monitoring sticker, a fleece blanket, a click-to-heat reusable warmer, three 200 µg misoprostol tablets, and a pictorial instruction guide and diary. LHWs are also provided with a handheld scale to weigh the newborn. The primary study outcome is neonatal mortality, defined as a newborn death in the first 28 days of life.
Discussion
This study will generate policy-relevant knowledge on the effectiveness of integrating evidence-based maternal and newborn interventions and delivering them directly to pregnant women via existing community health infrastructure, for reducing neonatal mortality and morbidity, in a remote, mountainous area with a high NMR.
ANN-aided optimization study on thermal performance and energy consumption of an industrial shell-and-tube heat exchanger system
Authors: Gungor Sahin
Published: August 2023

Global energy agencies and commissions report a sharp increase in the energy demand based on commercial, industrial, and residential activities. At this point, we need energy-efficient and high performance systems to maintain a sustainable environment. More than 30% of the generated electricity has been consumed by HVAC-R units, and heat exchangers are the main components affecting the overall performance. This study couples the experimental measurements, numerical investigations, and ANN-aided optimization studies to determine the optimal operating conditions of an industrial shell and tube heat exchanger system. The cold/hot stream temperature level is varied between 10 ⁰C and 50 ⁰C during the experiments and numerical investigations. Furthermore, the flow rates are altered in a range of 50–500 L/h to investigate the thermal and hydraulic performance under laminar and turbulent regime conditions. The experimental and numerical results indicate that U-tube bundles dominantly affect (\(\stackrel{-}{{\Delta }\text{P}}\)c ≈ 10×\(\stackrel{-}{{\Delta }\text{P}}\)h) the total pumping power need, while the impact of temperature levels are almost negligible. Once the required data sets are gathered via the experiments and numerical investigations, ANN-aided stochastic optimization algorithms detected the C10H50 scenario as the optimal operating case when the cold and hot stream flow rates are at 100 L/h and 500 L/h, respectively.
Front-line Chemo-immunotherapy with Nivolumab and Dose-Adjusted (DA) EPOCH in Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma: A Phase I Trial
Authors: Haverkos Bradley , Zain Jasmine , Kamdar Manali , Neuwelt Alexander , Davila Eduardo , Bradeen Xander , Bair Steven , Jasem Jagar , Smith Clayton , Abbott Diana , Porcu Pierluigi
Published: August 2023

Introduction:Dose-adjusted (DA)-EPOCH (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide) is a frequently used first line chemotherapy regimen for peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs), but relapses are common and long-term outcomes are poor. Checkpoint blockade (CPB) immunotherapy has shown modest single agent efficacy in relapsed PTCLs. In other hematologic malignancies the combination of CPB and cytotoxic chemotherapy is promising.Methods:We conducted a Phase I trial to assess safety, spectrum of immune-related toxicity, and efficacy of nivolumab (Nivo) in combination with DA-EPOCH as front-line therapy for PTCLs. Patients received Nivo (360 mg) followed by DA-EPOCH every 21 days for six cycles. Patients were allowed to receive one cycle of standard-of-care chemotherapy prior to enrollment.Results:18 patients were enrolled: 7 PTCL-not otherwise specified (NOS), 6 nodal T-cell lymphomas with a T-follicular helper phenotype, 2 primary cutaneous gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma, 2 ALK negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and 1 subcutaneous panniculitis like T-cell lymphoma. Fifteen had an intermediate or high-risk International Prognostic Index. Immune related (ir) adverse events (AEs) of all grades occurred in 14 and 7 patients experienced≥grade 3 irAEs. Eight patients required discontinuation of Nivo due to irAEs. Of the 6 patients who received a cycle of anthracycline-based combination chemotherapy prior to enrollment, none experienced an irAE resulting in Nivo dose hold or discontinuation, compared to 8 of 12 patients whose first cycle was Nivo+DA-EPOCH. There were no hyperprogression events. Interim and end of therapy overall response rates were 94% and 89%, respectively (11 complete responses, 5 partial responses, and 2 progressive diseases). With a median follow up of 707 days, median progression free and overall survival is 434 and 714 days, respectively.Conclusions:Front-line Nivo + DA-EPOCH showed good feasibility and acceptable safety when Nivo was started after chemotherapy but was associated with frequent dose-limiting irAEs when administered synchronously. Efficacy was encouraging with lengthy responses in very high risk PTCL subtypes. Further investigation of front-line line CPB-chemotherapy combinations in PTCL is warranted using a sequential approach. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 03586999.
Field life tables and key mortality factors of Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus) infesting cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)
Authors: SHIKHA DEEP , CHANDI RAVINDER SINGH , KATARIA SANJEEV KUMAR , Sidhu Jaspreet
Published: August 2023

To investigate the key mortality factors of Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus) on cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), a field study was conducted on the field life table during 2021-22 at the research farm of the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Among biotic factors, Cotesia glomerata, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.), NPV, Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) were the main causes of mortality. Other unknown factors (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, etc.) also contrived slight decline to all the immature stages of P. brassicae. Results revealed that the egg stage was affected due to unknown factors, whereas early larval instar stage (I-III) was the most sensitive followed by the late larval instar stage and pupal stage. The trend index was positive during both seasons 16.91 (main season), and 19.17 (late season), indicating that population of P. brassicae increases in the following season. Similar trend was observed in generation survival i.e., 0.39 (main season) and 0.32 (late season). In this study, a range of biotic factors was identified which could help to manage the pest at its early stages and the potential to be used as an integral component of integrated pest management of P. brassicae in cauliflower.
Method to establish intense rainfall equations based in geoprocessing
Authors: Almeida Laura Thebit , Cecílio Roberto Avelino , Pruski Fernando Falco , Santos Gerson Rodrigues , Abreu Marcel Carvalho
Published: August 2023

The knowledge of heavy rainfall is essential for watershed management and hydraulic structures design. Heavy rainfall is characterized by an equation derived from sub-daily rainfall series that relates the rainfall’s intensity, duration, and frequency (IDF equation). This paper proposes a geoprocessing model to obtain the parameters for the IDF equations for places without rainfall data. IDF equations, from the literature, were used to obtain maximum rainfall intensity (im) for 96 combinations of durations and return periods. These im’s were spatially interpolated and the IDF parameters were established to each pixel through non-linear multiple regression. The performance of three different interpolators (Inverse Distance Weighting, Kriging, and Random Forest) were evaluated. The analysis showed that spatialization by inverse distance weighting had the best performance to establish IDF equations (3% of mean absolute percentage error), followed by Random Forest (8%) and Kriging (16%).
Deciphering Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors from Aframemum melegueta: Computational Models against Erectile dysfunction
Authors: Omoboyowa Damilola Alex
Published: August 2023

Insufficient and inability to maintain erection in male for satisfactory sexual performance remains global challenge among couples. The identification of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) antagonist in the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction has improved the search for therapeutic agents for the management of this sexual dysfunction. Here in, bioactive compounds from Aframomum melegueta were virtually screened against PDE-5 using Schrodinger suite 2017-1 as computational tool. The lead compound was further validated in comparison with Viagra by performing 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using Desmond. Among 109 bioactive compounds screened, nine (9) molecules were predicted as potent inhibitors of PDE-5 with binding affinities comparable to the co-crystalized ligand (sildenafil). 1,7-bis(3,4-dihyroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-diyldiacetate was observed to have the best docking score (-11.522 kcal/mol) among the hit compounds which is very close to the co-crystalized ligand (-11.872 kcal/mol). Validation using pharmacophore hypothesis and QSAR modeling further confirmed the prediction of the hit compounds with fitness score ranging from 0.754 to 2.605 and predicted pIC50 of 3.835 to 7.976 µM. All the hit compounds obeyed Lipinski’s rule of five and within the reference range of the pharmacokinetics parameters. The MD simulation result predicted the stability of 1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-diyldiacetate-PDE-5 complex comparable to the sildenafil-PDE-5 complex. The outcome of this study predicted nine molecules from A. melegueta as potent PDE-5 antagonists which required isolation and experimental validation for the management of erectile dysfunction.
Epa-unet:automatic Segmentation of Liver and Tumor in Ct Images Based on Residual U-net and Efficient Multiscale Attention Methods
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Liu Yingxue , Li Zhiyi , Li Dongming
Published: August 2023

Extraction of livers and tumors from CT(Computed Tomography) volumes is a challenging task. In recent years, with the development of deep learning technology, The U-Net architecture is widely used in medical image segmentation. We propose a residual network-based and efficient multi-scale attention method EPA-UNet.In the whole network, the U-Net framework is selected as the baseline, and the context-aware residual block feature encoder decoder enhances the feature extraction capability and solves the deep network degradation problem. An Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) is introduced in the residual unit, which uses an attention mechanism to assign weights to the input sequence and can suppress irrelevant image background features. In order to solve the difficult optimization problem of merging objects of different sizes in the skip connection of U-Net, Attention Gates (AG) are introduced into the skip connection for optimization, and useful features are further learned to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of the module. Second, Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) is used to replace the bottleneck layer to acquire multi-scale image information through different receptive fields. Our structure was evaluated on the LiTs dataset while using three commonly used segmentation metrics which are the Dice coefficient, 95HD, and ASD. The method obtained 96.6% Dice coefficient for liver segmentation and 82.5% Dice coefficient for tumor segmentation. The highest accuracy was achieved for all three metrics compared to other methods. Our experiments used a five-fold cross-validation method, which effectively reduces the random errors in the model evaluation and improves the accuracy of the evaluation results.
Evaluation of different UV wavelengths and instar for surveying the immature stages of butterflies
Authors: Tilley Gareth John , Stewart Alan
Published: August 2023

Nocturnal UV flashlight surveys have been used to study the immature stages of certain butterflies as they offer a novel method of investigating cryptic species. Using the Black Hairstreak butterfly as a model species, we demonstrate how photoluminescence increases with larval stage. Nocturnal UV surveys can be used to show when numbers peak, as larvae become increasingly detectable, before they decrease due to pupation and predation. To investigate the transferability of using UV nocturnal surveys for detecting other species, we compare larval photoluminescence using UV flashlights emitting at 365nm with those emitting at 385-395nm. We find notable differences across six species of butterfly: for example, Small Copper and Purple Hairstreak larvae photoluminesce significantly only under 365nm UV light. As most commercially available UV flashlights emit at 385-395nm, this indicates that there are potentially more species that could be detected using UV flashlights than previously realised. Implications for insect conservation: our results show that researchers wishing to conduct nocturnal flashlight surveys should be aware that, because the photoluminescence of larvae is dependent on the UV wavelength used, monitoring different species will require the adoption of lights emitting the appropriate wavelength. Also, the optimal time for surveying a particular species will be at peak photoluminescence which in turn will be dependent on larval stage.
Genomic analysis of antifungal drug resistance in Trichophyton rubrum culturing with terbinafine
Authors: Kano Rui , Nojo Honoka , Noguchi Hiromitsu
Published: August 2023

In this study, we induced terbinafine (TRF) resistance in a T. rubrum strain in vitro for 18 months then compared the genomes of the TRF-resistant (N42-3) and TRF-susceptible wild-type (N42WT) strains to identify mutations. In the SQLE gene, N42WT had no mutation while N42-3 had a F397L mutation. We sequenced approximately 22.53 Mb of the genomes of the N43WT and N42-3 strains. Other than the F397L mutation in SQLE, there were three other genetic mutations in three different genes that were found in N42-3, but not in N43WT; however, these three mutations were not detected in other TRF-resistant T. rubrum strains. From this genome sequencing analysis, the only variation that was confirmed to be associated with drug resistance in the genome of the TRF-resistant T. rubrum was a hotspot mutation in SQLE.
Advancing collaboration in Health Professions Education in the General Practice domain, developing a national research agenda
Authors: de Groot Esther , Vossen Marianne Mak-van der , Slootweg Irene , Çorum Meryem , Kramer Anneke , Muris Jean , Scherpbier Nynke , Thoonen Bart , Damoiseaux Roger
Published: August 2023

Background Health professions education (HPE) research in the general practice domain (GP-HPE) is vital for high-quality healthcare. Collaboration among GP-HPE researchers is crucial but challenging. Formulating a research agenda, involving stakeholders, and fostering inter-institutional collaboration can address these challenges and connect educational research and practice.Methods We used Q-methodology to explore participants' perspectives from all Dutch postgraduate GP training institutes on GP-HPE research. Participants individually sorted statements based on the relevance of future GP-HPE research for educational practice. Data analysis comprised inverted factor analysis, rotation, and interpretation. The National Meeting on Educational Research took a participatory approach that was crucial in decision-making and aligning the results.Results We included 73 participants with diverse involvement in GP-HPE research. We identified five distinct perspectives, each representing a research focus area for developing and innovating GP education: the clinician scientist, the socially engaged GP, the specific GP identity, the GP as an entrepreneur, and the GP engaged in lifelong learning.Discussion The resulting five perspectives align with the general practice hallmarks. Q-methodology and a participatory approach facilitated collaboration and consensus among stakeholders. Successful inter-institutional collaboration requires a common goal, neutral leadership, participant commitment, regular meetings, audit trail support, process transparency, and reflexivity. Future research should focus on addressing evidence gaps within these perspectives.Conclusion In the Netherlands, we developed a national research agenda for GP-HPE research using Q-methodology, focusing on inter-institutional collaboration, which provides a potential model for HPE researchers worldwide.
Oyster mushroom with short cropping duration and good taste developed through mono-monokaryons hybridization
Authors: Sindhu S , Theradimani M. , Vellaikumar S. , Paramasivam M. , Ramamoorthy V.
Published: August 2023

The development of short cropping period oyster mushroom (Pleurotus species) having good taste is one of the important needs of mushroom growers. Pleurotus djamor strain woody1, collected recently from the dead wood, has a short cropping period of 30 days but a moderately acceptable taste. One of the cultivated Pleurotus spp., P. djamorstrain MDU1, has good taste but a long cropping period of 47 days. Thus, genetic improvement of P. djamor was carried out between these two strains by pairing monokaryons (anastomosis) to develop elite hybrid strains having a short cropping period and good taste. Monokaryons of parental strains showed variation in time required for germination; i.e., basidiospores of P. djamor strain woody1 germinated and developed monokaryotic colonies in six days, whereas that of P. djamor strain MDU1 developed monokaryotic colonies in eight days of incubation. In addition, variation in the growth rate and morphology of the monokaryotic mycelia of both parental strains was noticed and fast-growing monokaryons were selected for anastomosis. Out of 60 crosses made between mycelia of monokaryotic isolates of both parental strains, 20 crosses showed clamp connection, indicating that they were successful crosses. Out of 20 hybrids, two hybrid strains, viz., W2M4 and W4M4, exhibited higher yields than their parents. They exhibited the short cropping period trait, good taste attribute and some specific volatile metabolites. This study showed that the developed two hybrid varieties, having desirable agronomic traits, could be used in mushroom farming to increase the mushroom grower’s income.
On Choquard Problems in ℝN Influenced by the Negative Part of the Spectrum
Authors: Junior José Carlos Oliveira , Neto Sandra Imaculada Moreira , Moura Elson Leal , Miyagaki Olímpio ‪Hiroshi
Published: August 2023

This article focuses on studying the existence of solutions for the following indefinite Choquard equation in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$: where $N \geq 2$. Here, $\alpha$ is a positive constant satisfying $0<\alpha In this work, we establish the existence of nontrivial solutions by employing significant outcomes from spectral theory, along with a version of the linking theorem presented by \cite{MaiaMayra}, and the interaction between translated solutions of the problem at infinity.
AMS 2020 subject classification: 35A15, 35J10, 35P05.
Readmission rates in HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma patients: A nationwide readmission database (NRD) analysis
Authors: Tuin Ashley , Wieland Clare , Dort Elizabeth , Dilsaver Danielle , Velagapudi Manasa
Published: August 2023

Background
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at an increased risk of developing AIDS-defining malignancies including Burkitt lymphoma (BL). Survival outcomes in HIV-associated BL remain worse than non-HIV-associated BL, despite the widespread implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We aimed to determine the association between HIV status and risk for 30-day and 90-day readmission after index hospitalization for BL.
Methods
Data were abstracted from the 2010–2020 Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD); hospitalizations included patients with a primary BL diagnosis and were stratified by comorbid HIV (yes vs. no). The primary outcome was all-cause readmission (30-day and 90-day). Secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and hospital cost. Between-HIV differences were evaluated via logistic and log-normal regression; multivariable models adjusted for comorbid kidney failure and disease, hypertension, fluid and electrolyte disorders, and sepsis.
Results
Overall, there were 8,453 hospitalizations for BL and 6.0% carried an HIV diagnosis. Of BL hospitalizations, 68.4% were readmitted within 30-days post index BL hospitalization and 6.8% carried a HIV diagnosis. HIV-associated BL was associated with 43% higher adjusted odds of 30-day readmission (aOR 95% CI: 4% higher to 97% higher, p = 0.026). For 90-day readmission, 76.0% of BL patients were readmitted and 7.0% carried a HIV diagnosis. HIV-associated BL was not statistically associated with all-cause 90-day readmission (aOR 1.46, aOR 95% CI: 0% higher to 115% higher, p = 0.053).
Conclusions
HIV-positive status is associated with an increased risk for 30-day readmission after index hospitalization for Burkitt lymphoma.
Wellbore Stability in a Depleted Reservoir by Finite Element Analysis of Coupled thermo-poro-elastic Units in an Oilfield, SW Iran
Authors: Pirhadi Alireza , Kianoush Pooria , Ebrahimabadi Arash , Shirinabadi Reza
Published: August 2023

Maintaining wellbore stability in depleted reservoirs is a critical problem. With production from hydrocarbon reservoirs, the pore pressure of the reservoir is reduced over time, and the reservoir is depleted since field development is one of the main purposes for oil companies. Heavy mud weight in depleted reservoir caused fracture due to reduced fracture gradient, and low mud weight caused blow out in high-pressure zone or well collapse due to shale beds that required high mud weight to prevent collapse. Considering geomechanics and coupled equilibrium equation, continuity equation, Hook’s law, compatibility equation, Darcy’s law, and thermal relation, the Thermo-poro-elastic equation was derived in this research. A finite element method has been developed to implement the fully coupled thermo-poro-elastic non-linear models. The finite element model was validated by comparing it to the available analytical solutions for the thermo-poro-elastic wellbore problems in shale. The non-linear thermal-poro-elasticity finite element model was used to analyze wellbore stability in a depleted reservoir during drilling. The numerical results showed that a decrease drilling fluid’s temperature (cooling) causes to increase in the potential for tensile failure and reduces the potential of shear failure. Due to the depletion reservoir, the potential of tensile failure increased than shear failure, so heating the drilling fluid could cause wellbore stability in the depleted reservoir. Furthermore, based on the numerical results, it may be concluded that the drilling fluid’s temperature is one of the important factors in the wellbore stability analysis in depleted reservoirs.
Impact of AI on Working Hours, Wage Rate and Global Economy
Authors: Jhaveri Saumya , Chauhan Anshika , Nizami Nausheen
Published: August 2023

Artificial Intelligence has a substantially increasing impact on the markets and economy. Implications on wage rates, working patterns, and lifestyles have also been marked as important factors. AI has the potential to extend the gap between inequality and unemployment. The framework discussed in this paper connects the dots between AI and the affecting factors. In a report published in 2018 by the World Economic Forum, it was projected that the advancement and implementation of AI would result in a net increase of 58 million new jobs by the year 2022. This estimation suggests that, despite concerns about the impact of AI on employment, the technology has the potential to generate a significant number of job opportunities globally.
The objective of this paper is to give an analytical explanation of artificial intelligence with respect to employment, working hours, and leisure in the short run and long run. The paper aims to bridge the gap between theoretical, mathematical and visual interpretations towards the trends of growing AI and its impact on the supply of labour in the market. It is an analytical research method using data from secondary sources. Time period of the study is from 2018 to 2022. Model one shows how the labour supply will behave when a firm is catering to the full demand by existing labour. It considers the situation of a firm with the extensive use of AI and limited work distribution amongst the labour which will lead to constant wage rates and decrease in number of working hours. Model two shows the impact of AI on the supply of labour of a firm which expects excess demand for goods than they can cater. Here, productivity will increase and therefore production will increase which will lead to more work done by labourers and an increase in their wage rate as there is more demand in the market. Given the speed of advancements, they will first have to work on investments and establishments of these technologies faster in order to complement their labor force and not substitute them. The impact of SDG 8 [Decent work and Economic growth] is also evaluated in the research. This paper analyzes the pace of development and impacts on labour markets in both the types of nations (developed and developing) and to study how the work and leisure patterns will change in low, medium, and high-skilled labour forces.
JEL: D24, D23, J01, J21, J24, J64.
Identifying and fixing in-plane positioning and stability issues on a microscope using nanoGPS OxyO scales
Authors: Acher Olivier , de Abreu Matheus Belisario , Grigoriev Alexander , de Bettignies Philippe , Vilotta Maxime , Nguyên Thanh-Liêm
Published: August 2023

Investigations of the in-plane positioning capabilities of microscopes using commercially available nanoGPS OxyO scales are presented. The scales have patterns that contain absolute position information, and nanoGPS software accurately determines the in-plane position from the scale images captured by the microscope camera. This makes in-plane positioning experiments simple and fast. We investigated different microscopy systems and found that positioning performance is a system issue that is not determined solely by the stage performance. In some cases, our experiments revealed software or hardware glitches that limited the positioning performance, which we easily fixed. We have also shown that it is possible to investigate vibrations using this approach and quantify their impact on image blurring. This is, for example, useful for experimentally determining the settling time after a stage movement.
Empirical Bayes Inference on the Weibull Distribution
Parameters Based on the Characteristic Prior
Authors: Maswadah M.
Published: August 2023

In this study, a new technique has been applied for eliciting the prior density function for the empirical Bayes by utilizing the characteristic function, which frees the Bayesian inference from subjectivity. The empirical Bayes estimates have been studied for the Weibull model parameters based on the characteristic prior and the informative gamma prior in terms of the mean squared errors and the mean percentage errors, via Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results indicated that the empirical Bayes results based on the characteristic prior outperformed the ones based on the informative gamma prior. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed priors.
Reevaluation of the Application Method and Efficacy of Propiconazole in Controlling Laurel Wilt in Avocado Orchards in South Florida
Authors: Navia-Urrutia Monica , Sendoya-Corrales Carlos A. , Crane Jonathan H. , Gazis Romina
Published: August 2023

Propiconazole has fungistatic and fungicidal properties against Harringtonia lauricola, the causal agent of laurel wilt disease. Propiconazole injections are used by Florida, USA, farmers as a prophylactic method to manage the disease in avocado (Persea americana) trees, but its efficacy has remained questionable for more than a decade due to documented restricted mobility within the tree vascular system. This study was conducted to evaluate the absorption of propiconazole when using soil drenching as an alternative application method, assess the efficacy of propiconazole in controlling disease development when drenched or injected, and its synergistic effect on common cultural management practices used by the local farmers, such as branch removal and trunk cutting (“stumping”). To determine if propiconazole soil-drenching can provide better xylem coverage, potted and mature orchard trees were treated with different concentrations and artificially inoculated with the pathogen. Propiconazole translocation from the roots to above-the-ground tissue was confirmed in potted and orchard trees, but the concentrations in orchard trees were below the fungicidal threshold (1 ppm). Although none of the potted trees developed laurel wilt symptoms, all inoculated branches of the orchard trees did. Furthermore, noninoculated branches in more than 80% of the inoculated and propiconazole-treated orchard trees developed symptoms, even though the inoculated branch was cut at the early stages of disease development. To elucidate if propiconazole injections effectively control the disease, trees from a commercial orchard that were injected five times were challenged by artificial inoculation. Propiconazole concentration in trees was highly variable (ranging from < 0.01 to 294 ppm), but even in trees with a high concentration of propiconazole, inoculated and noninoculated branches developed symptoms. Even though drenched and injected trees were “stumped” soon after symptoms appeared in the noninoculated branches (4 to 5 months after inoculation), all of the stumps in the drenched plot and 80% of the injected trees, showed internal symptoms 5 and 4 months after the cut, respectively. Results demonstrate that the soil-drenching of propiconazole is an ineffective application method in orchard trees, and that the conventional injection does not prevent disease development after artificial inoculation. Moreover, because propiconazole does not prevent the movement of the pathogen to the trunk, the “stumping” of infected trees to reduce the disease in the orchard is an inadequate practice. This study highlights the critical need for other active ingredients with lower fungicidal thresholds, longer half-life, and higher xylem mobility.
High-pressure phase transitions of Fe-bearing orthopyroxene revealed by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Li Luo , Zhang Xinyue , Yu Yingxin , Mao Zhu
Published: August 2023

Orthopyroxene is one of the dominant minerals in the Earth’s upper mantle. In this study, we used Raman spectroscopy to investigate the lattice vibration and phase transition of orthopyroxene with four different compositions using diamond-anvil cells up to 34 GPa at 300 K. Our orthopyroxene samples contain 0 (En100), 9% (En91Fs9), 11% (En86Fs11), and 21% (En74Fs21) Fe. At ambient conditions, the Raman modes exhibit a negative dependence on the Fe content, with the exception of the modes at ~850 and 930 cm–1. In contrast, these two Raman modes increase with increasing the Fe content. The phase transition from metastable α- to β-phase was observed at 12.9–15 GPa for samples with <21 mol% Fe and varying Fe content has a minor effect on the phase transition pressure. Besides Fe, incorporation of 2–24 mol% Al can cause an increase in the phase transition pressure from 10–13 to 14–16 GPa. At 29–30.1 GPa, we observed the second apparent change in the Raman spectra for all four investigated samples. For Fe-bearing orthopyroxene, this change in the Raman spectra and frequency shift is associated with the phase transition from β- to γ-phase, whereas for En100, it should be caused by the change of coordination number of Si from 4 to 6 or the presence of α-popx phase. Using the obtained Raman frequency shifts, we calculated the Grüneisen parameters at high pressures. These parameters are useful for understanding the thermoelastic properties of orthopyroxene at high pressures.
The Implementation of Control Charts as a Verification Tool in a Time Series Model for COVID-19 Vaccine Participants in Pontianak
Authors: Imro'ah Nurfitri , Huda Nur'ainul Miftahul , Pratama Abang Yogi
Published: August 2023

Vaccines are the primary weapon used to stop the outbreak, especially amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, supplying vaccines to control the COVID-19 pandemic is essential, especially in minimizing the incidence and achieving herd immunity to break the chain of COVID-19. West Kalimantan has taken firm anticipatory steps to prevent COVID-19 in the form of a vaccination program in Indonesia. The highest vaccination achievement occurs in Pontianak City, the province’s capital. The research analyzed data on vaccine participants in Pontianak using time series analysis. In addition, the residuals from the time series model were used as observations in constructing the control chart. The research also analyzes the accuracy of the time series model using the Individual Moving Range (IMR) control chart. The results show that the ARIMA model (5,0,2) is the best because it fulfills the assumption of white noise. However, the ARIMA (5,0,2) model is inaccurate in making predictions because the residuals from the ARIMA (5,0,2) model are out of control (based on the IMR control chart). Hence, it is necessary to evaluate in determining the time series model. It can be analyzed using a control chart. Therefore, measuring the model’s accuracy on the best model is essential in predicting several subsequent periods.
Burst detection based on multi-time monitoring data from multiple pressure sensors in district metering areas
Authors: Zhang Xiangqiu , Wu Xuewei , Yuan Yongqin , Long Zhihong , Yu Tingchao
Published: August 2023

This research article presents a data-driven approach for detecting bursts in water distribution networks (WDNs). The framework uses spatiotemporal information from monitoring pressure and unsupervised learning model. This approach employs three stages: (1) benchmark dataset acquisition, (2) spatiotemporal information analysis, and (3) burst detection model construction. First, the benchmark datasets were the normal dataset initially obtained by the clustering algorithm. Second, spatiotemporal information features are extracted from multimoment time windows from multiple sensors, including the distance and shape features. Third, burst detection was performed based on the isolation forest technique. A WDN is used to evaluate the performance of the method. Results show that the method can effectively detect the burst.