bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computing Bounds for General Randic Coindex of Sum Graphs
Authors: Javaid Muhammad , Ibraheem Muhammad , Bonyah Ebenezer
Published: December 2021

The physical and structural properties of molecular structure or graph such as boiling point, melting point, surface tension, or solubility are studied using topological index (TI). Topological index is a mathematical formula that can be applied to any graph which models some molecular structures. The various operations play an important role in graph theory such as joining, union, intersection, products, and subdivision. In this paper, we computed the bounds for general Randic coindex of

F

-sum graphs such as (

S

-sum,

R

-sum,

Q

-sum, and

T

-sum) in the form of their factor graphs. At the end, results are illustrated by numerical table for the particular

F

-sum graphs.
Effects of Drugs Reabsorption Time Delays for a Pharmacokinetics Model in Humans
Authors: Hassan Adamu Shitu , Munganga Justin M. W.
Published: December 2021

A three-compartmental delay model is formulated to describe the pharmacokinetics of drugs subjected to both intravenous and oral doses with reabsorptions by the central compartment. Model dynamics are analyzed rigorously, and two equilibrium points are obtained to be locally asymptotically stable under certain conditions. Time delays used as lags in reabsorption of drugs by central compartment from other two compartments caused rebounds or peaks and fluctuations in the time profiles for amounts of drug in all the compartments. Sensitivity analysis revealed that elimination rates decrease the amounts in all compartments. Furthermore, reabsorption rates cause superimposition at the initial phases of the drug amount profiles; subsequently, the quantities decrease in compartment one and increase in compartments two and three, respectively.
A Case of Chorioretinitis with Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation
Authors: Chen Yanru , Wei Mingyan , Chen Qian , Li Minghan
Published: December 2021

A 48-year-old woman had an acute blurred vision in the right eye immediately after drainage of liver abscess. Her best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 8/400; fundus photography suggested the diagnosis of endogenous endophthalmitis with chorioretinitis and vitritis. Due to the bad systemic condition, a systemic antibiotic combined with periocular triamcinolone (TA) was carried out first. Inflammatory cells in the vitreous cavity were decreased after treatment; however, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) showed abnormal dilation and leakage of the capillaries and retinal-choroidal anastomose, supporting that there was retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). Vitreous interleukin-6 (IL-6) was only slightly elevated; the ratio of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-6 was less than 1, and the etiological test was negative. After receiving intravitreal vancomycin injection combined with periocular TA injection, the patient’s BCVA was improved from 16/400 to 20/400 with a reduction in vitreous inflammatory cells. However, the patient’s RAP was progressed and her BCVA was dramatically decreased to count finger/30 cm. After intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, the patient’s BCVA was 5/400 with a significant shrink in lesions and absorption of hemorrhage, exudation, and fluid. Thus, we suggest that early anti-inflammatory treatment in conjunction with anti-VEGF may achieve a better prognosis in patients with inflammatory retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP).
Spontaneous Recovery of Penetrating Cervical Spinal Cord Injury with Physiotherapeutic Treatment: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dokponou Yao Christian Hugues , El Mostarchid Mamoune , Abderrahmane Housni , Koffi Niamien Patrice , Gazzaz Miloudi , El Mostarchid Brahim
Published: December 2021

Stab wounds to the cervical spine are less common than injuries from road accidents, sports injuries, and falls. The presence of vital, vascular, neural, respiratory, and digestive structures in the neck region mean that this kind of spinal injury is generally critical, and its management is a challenge. We report a unique case of a previously healthy 17-year-old adolescent admitted for quadriplegia secondary to a stab wound to the cervical spine at the C4C5 level. There was no surgical indication. The patient underwent physiotherapy. He showed spontaneous neurological improvement two weeks later and was able to sit on his own and to walk about three months of physical rehabilitation.
Cyclic Mappings and Further Results in B‐Metric‐Like Spaces
Authors: Weng Shengquan , Zhu Quanxin , Du Baoying , Shi Kaibo
Published: December 2021

Fixed point problem of many mappings has been widely studied in the research work of fixed point theory. The generalized metric space is one of the research objects of fixed point theory. B‐metric‐like space is one of the generalized metric spaces; in fact, the research work in B‐metric‐like spaces is attractive. The intention of this paper is to introduce the concept of other cyclic mappings, named as Lβ‐type cyclic mappings in the setting of B‐metric‐like space, study the existence and uniqueness of fixed point problem of Lβ‐type cyclic mapping, and obtain some new results in B‐metric‐like spaces. Furthermore, the main results in this paper are illustrated by a concrete example. The work of this paper extend and promote the previous results in B‐metric‐like spaces.
Magnifying Elements in Semigroups of Fixed Point Set Transformations Restricted by an Equivalence Relation
Authors: Kaewnoi Thananya , Chinram Ronnason , Petapirak Montakarn
Published: December 2021

Let

X

be a nonempty set and

ρ

be an equivalence relation on

X

. For a nonempty subset

S

of

X

, we denote the semigroup of transformations restricted by an equivalence relation

ρ

fixing

S

pointwise by

E

F

S

X
,
ρ

. In this paper, magnifying elements in

E

F

S

X
,
ρ

will be investigated. Moreover, we will give the necessary and sufficient conditions for elements in

E

F

S

X
,
ρ

to be right or left magnifying elements.
Multi-Attribute Decision-Support System Based on Aggregations of Interval-Valued Complex Neutrosophic Hypersoft Set
Authors: Rahman Atiqe Ur , Saeed Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad , El-Morsy Salwa
Published: December 2021

Hypersoft set is an emerging field of study that is meant to address the insufficiency and the limitation of existing soft-set-like models regarding the consideration and the entitlement of multi-argument approximate function. This type of function maps the multi-subparametric tuples to the power set of the universe. It focuses on the partitioning of each attribute into its attribute-valued set that is missing in existing soft-set-like structures. This study aims to introduce novel concepts of complex intuitionistic fuzzy set and complex neutrosophic set under the hypersoft set environment with interval-valued settings. Two novel structures, that is, interval-valued complex intuitionistic hypersoft set (IV-CIFHS-set) and interval-valued complex neutrosophic hypersoft set (IV-CNHS-set), are developed via employing theoretic, axiomatic, graphical, and algorithmic approaches. After conceptual characterization of essential elementary notions of these structures, decision-support systems are presented with the proposal of algorithms to assist the decision-making process. The proposed algorithms are validated with the help of real-world applications. A comprehensive inter-cum-intra comparison of proposed structures is discussed with the existing relevant models, and their generalization is elaborated under certain evaluating features.
A Perspective on Tongue Diagnosis in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Hsu Po-Chi , Wu Han-Kuei , Chang Hen-Hong , Chen Jia-Ming , Chiang John Y. , Lo Lun-Chien
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women and patients with BC often undergo complex treatment. In Taiwan, nearly 80% of patients with BC seek traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) during adjuvant chemotherapy to relieve discomfort and side effects. This study investigated tongue features and pattern differentiation through noninvasive TCM tongue diagnosis in patients with BC. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional, case-controlled, retrospective observational study collected patient data through a chart review. The tongue features were extracted using the automatic tongue diagnosis system (ATDS). Nine tongue features, including tongue shape, tongue color, fur thickness, fur color, saliva, tongue fissures, ecchymoses, teeth marks, and red dots, were analyzed. Results and Discussion. Objective image analysis techniques were used to identify significant differences in the many tongue features between BC patients and non-BC individuals. A significantly larger proportion of patients with BC had a small tongue (

p
<
0.001

), pale tongue (

p
<
0.001

), thick fur (

p
<
0.001

), yellow fur (

p
<
0.001

), wet saliva (

p
<
0.001

), thick tongue fur (

p
<
0.001

), fissures (

p
=
0.040

), and ecchymoses in the heart-lung area (

p
=
0.013

). According to logistic regression, small tongue shape, pale tongue color, yellow fur color, wet saliva, and the amounts of fissures were associated with a significantly increased odds ratio for BC. Conclusions. This study showed significant differences in tongue features, such as small tongue shape, pale tongue color, thick fur, yellow fur color, wet saliva, fissure, and ecchymoses in the heart-lung area in patients with BC. These tongue features would imply yin deficiency, deficiencies of blood, stagnation of heat, and phlegm/blood stasis in TCM theory. There is a need to investigate effective and safe treatment to enhance the role of TCM in integrated medical care for patients with BC.
Ginsenoside Rd Attenuates Tau Phosphorylation in Olfactory Bulb, Spinal Cord, and Telencephalon by Regulating Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5
Authors: Li Ling , Li Tian , Tian Xin , Zhao Ling
Published: December 2021

Objective. Ginseng is a plant of the family Acanthopanaceae. It has been used for thousands of years in China. It is known as the king of hundred herbs. It was recorded first in Shennong Baicao Jing. It has been found that ginsenoside Rd is a neuroprotective agent. This article aims to explore the protective roles of ginsenoside Rd in Alzheimer’s disease. Rd, a Chinese herb, may be a promising treatment drug for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is also reported to be related to several pathological changes, including the deposition of Aβ and tau hyperphosphorylation in AD as it decreases the deposition of tau hyperphosphorylation in APP transgenic mice. Methods. In this study, APP transgenic mice were pretreated with 10 mg/kg Rd for six months, and the effect of Rd on neuropathological deficits in the olfactory bulb, spinal cord, and telencephalon of APP transgenic mice was investigated. The phosphorylation levels of tau (S199/202, S396, S404, and Tau5) and the activities of the proteins glycogen synthase kinase 3β (Tyr216) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (P25/P35) were measured. Results. The pretreatment of Rd effectively decreased the production and deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau (S199/202, S396, and S404) protein by depressing the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β/Tyr216) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5/P25). Conclusion. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rd could improve the pathological changes of AD in the olfactory bulb, spinal cord, and telencephalon, which further demonstrated the potential therapeutic effect of Rd in early AD.
Salvia spinosa L. Protects against Diabetes-Induced Nephropathy by Attenuation of Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Mice
Authors: Jeshan Milad , Yousefbeyk Fatemeh , Rahmati Hiva , Hosein Shoormeij Amir , Rezazadeh Mitra , Zamani Ehsan
Published: December 2021

Mitochondrial oxidative damage is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is among the most prevalent problems of diabetes, and there hasn’t been an effective treatment for DN yet. This study planned to investigate the effects of Salvia spinosa L. on mitochondrial function along with its protection against streptozotocin-induced nephropathy in diabetic mice. After the injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and verification of the establishment of diabetes, mice (n = 30) were randomly divided into the following groups: control group, diabetic-control, S. spinosa-treated diabetic (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), and metformin-treated diabetic group (500 mg/kg). After four weeks of treatment, the mice were weighed. Blood and kidney tissues were examined for biochemical and histological evaluation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for evaluating renal pathologic damage. Oxidative damage in the kidney was assessed by the evaluation of lipid peroxidation and glutathione oxidation. Furthermore, differential centrifugation was used to obtain the isolated mitochondria, and mitochondrial toxicity endpoints (mitochondrial function and mitochondrial oxidative markers) were determined in them. S. spinosa remarkably reduced the blood urea and creatinine concentrations, and also normalized kidney weight/body weight coefficient in the diabetic mice. S. spinosa ameliorated the incidence of glomerular and tubular pathological changes in histological analyses. Moreover, the oxidative and mitochondrial damages were notably attenuated in renal tissues of S. spinosa-treated mice. These results indicate that the methanolic extract of S. spinosa modulates the nephropathy in the diabetic mice by the amelioration of oxidatively induced mitochondrial damage and provides a reliable scientific base, suggesting S. spinosa as a promising alternative remedy against DN.
Joint Transceiver Optimization of MIMO SWIPT Systems Assisted by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface
Authors: Zhu Jinxin , Shao Jun
Published: December 2021

In this work, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is studied with wireless energy harvesting (EH). Specifically, we focus on maximizing the harvested power at the receiver by joint optimization of the signal covariance, the phase shifter, and the power splitting factor, subject to the information rate and transmit power constraints. The formulated problem is hard to address due to the nonconcave objective and the nonconvex constraints. To tackle these challenges, an alternating optimization (AO) framework is proposed, where the phase shifter is solved by the penalty-based method. Simulation results validate the performance of the proposed approach.
Role of Glass Composition on Mechanical Properties of Shape Memory Alloy‐Metallic Glass Composites
Authors: Chupradit Supat , Raya Indah , Ngoc Huy Dinh Tran , Bokov Dmitry , Van Tuan Pham , Surendar Aravindhan , Lafta Doaa Alaa , Kadhim Mustafa M. , Kravchenko Olga , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Mahmood Zaid Hameed , Sajjadifar Sami
Published: December 2021

In this work, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was applied to design a laminated composite structure comprised of the shape memory alloy (SMA) and Cu‐Zr metallic glasses (MGs). A wide range of MG compositions was considered to tune the mechanical features and improve the homogenous plastic deformation during the tension loading. The results indicated that the martensitic transformation in the SMA inhibited the sudden shear band propagation in the composite for all the samples. Moreover, it was revealed that the mechanism of plasticity was significantly affected by the change of MG composition. In the Cu‐rich MGs, the formation and propagation of thick shear bands occurred at the end of the tension loading; however, the increase in Zr content induced the interaction of multiple shear bands with finer configurations in the system. Nevertheless, the excessive Zr addition in the MG composition facilitated the aggregation of nanopores at the interface of SMA and MGs, which may be due to the softening effect in the Zr‐rich MGs. Finally, it is concluded that an optimized MG composition is required for the trade‐off between the plasticity and the strength in the SMA‐MG composites.
Sorption and Environmental Risks of Phosphorus in Subtropical Forest Soils
Authors: Liang Jianhong , Chen Liuhuan , Liu Ding , Yi Chenxu , Zhu Jing
Published: December 2021

Phosphorus (P) is one of the key limiting factors for the growth of forests and their net primary productivity in subtropical forest ecosystems. Phosphorus leaching of the forest soil to the catchment and groundwater in karst region is the main source of water eutrophication. Strong P sorption capacity of minerals is generally assumed to be a key driver of P leaching in subtropical ecosystems which varies among different soil types. Here, we estimated P adsorption capacity of the O/A and AB horizon in both limestone soil and red soil of subtropical forests by fitting the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm to investigate the potential environmental risks of P. The maximum P sorption capacity ([Formula: see text]), P sorption constant ([Formula: see text]), P sorption index (PSI), degree of P saturation (DPS), and maximum buffer capacity (MBC) were calculated. The results indicate that [Formula: see text] of the O/A horizon in both soils were similar. Comparing these two soils, the red soil had a higher [Formula: see text] and MBC in the AB horizon; [Formula: see text] of limestone soil was larger but [Formula: see text] was lower, indicating that the adsorption capacity of limestone soil was weaker and MBC was lower. There was no significant difference in PSI between the two soils. The DPS values of both soils were below 1.1%, indicating that P saturation is low in both subtropical forest soils due to the lack of marked anthropogenic disturbance. In the O/A horizon, P saturation associated with available P (DPSM3 and DPSOlsen) and that associated with P in the Fe-Al bound state (DPScitrate) were higher in the red soil than in the limestone soil. DPS did not differ significantly in the AB horizon, except for higher DPSM3 and DPScitrate in the red soil. The findings highlight the influence of the soil types on P adsorption. The P adsorption and buffering of red soils were higher than those of limestone soils, indicating a lower risk of P leaching in red subtropical forest soils.
[Retracted] Self‐Adaptive Framework for Rectification and Detection of Black Hole and Wormhole Attacks in 6LoWPAN
Authors: Kamaleshwar T. , Lakshminarayanan R. , Teekaraman Yuvaraja , Kuppusamy Ramya , Radhakrishnan Arun
Published: December 2021

Internet network communication protocol version 6 low‐power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPAN) is supposed to assist the gadgets with low‐power wireless sensor network (WSN) and it furnishes the top model layer of the data transmission system. The 6LoWPAN is prone to the diversified attacks such as wormhole and black hole attacks, which might be very difficult to become aware of and defend. In a wormhole attack, the attacker listens to the facts over the networks, and in a black hole attack, the intruder reprograms the nodes to dam the data transmission. As an end result, any data datagram that enters the attacked region will end result in transmission failure with low flow network rate and excessive one‐way delay. To come across and heal the attack, a self‐adaptive framework is brought into the networks and the procedure of data transmission is enriched. In this work, the affected region is measured and rectified with the aid of using the proposed self‐adaptive framework for Ad Hoc On‐Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol network communication protocol. The overall performance of the network healing technique is investigated with the aid of using simulation and its miles diagnosed that the proposed framework suggests promising overall performance with the aid of using accomplishing excessive flow network rate and minimum delay.
Research on Design and Application of National Fitness System
Authors: Wang Shengyou
Published: December 2021

In order to improve the physical quality of the national people, a national fitness system is designed and applied to practice. Design the overall architecture of the national fitness system, including the perception layer, network layer, and application layer. The perception layer mainly uses Internet of Things gateway, central machine, wireless perception node, and fitness data dashboard to obtain fitness data. The network layer mainly uses WiFi, 4G, Ethernet, and other public networks to transmit fitness data, fitness guidance data, and equipment operation and maintenance data. The application layer provides data storage, device management, user management, and client services. On this basis, through the collection of users’ fitness data rating data, the data are transformed into fitness data rating matrix, and the matrix is analyzed and calculated to realize the intelligent recommendation of fitness data and complete the design of national fitness data recommendation algorithm. The test results show that the system can meet the requirements of normal use, good compatibility, and user score is high and has high practical application value.
A Novel Mass Transfer Model to Describe the Separation Process in Reverse Osmosis of Glucose
Authors: Chen Chenghan , Wang Yanwei , Tan Furong , Zhu Qili
Published: December 2021

Basic and theoretical research on processes such as reverse osmosis (RO) is essential in the fermentation industry to improve production efficiency and reduce cost. Here, we focus on the RO concentration of glucose solutions. We constructed a mathematic model that incorporates various membrane and experimental parameters to characterize the mass transfer process of RO membrane and validated the model output with experimental data. Calculation results were highly consistent with the experimental data, demonstrating that this model can be useful for predicting the RO concentration process.
How to Alleviate Rent-Seeking Behaviour in Performance Appraisal of Government-Paid PPP Projects? Tripartite Evolutionary Game Approach
Authors: Lv Junna , An Tong , Tan Xi-ya , Zou Qing
Published: December 2021

Performance appraisal is a key link in the performance payment mechanism of government-paid Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects. As the performance appraisal of PPP projects is highly professional and complex, it is usually necessary to introduce a third-party performance appraisal institution to evaluate the project outputs of the private investor. However, driven by economic rent, the private investor has the incentive to seek rent from the third party in the performance appraisal process, leading to the low overall performance level of PPP projects and the inability to achieve the PPP performance appraisal goal effectively. To explore how to avoid rent-seeking in performance appraisal and improve the overall performance of government-paid PPP projects, a tripartite evolutionary game model between the behaviour, third party, and the public sector has been constructed. Based on the evolutionary game model, this study analyses the evolutionary stability of each player's strategy, discusses the influence of various factors on the strategy selection of the three-party, and further analyses the stability of the equilibrium point of the three-party game system. The findings reveal that the public sector can slow down the rent-seeking behaviour of the private sector by setting up a reasonable reward and punishment mechanism. The design of a reasonable reward and punishment mechanism must meet the following conditions: (1) the sum of the reward and punishment of all parties is greater than the speculative income; (2) the amount of performance fee withheld for the private investor is greater than the difference between the project operating cost saved and the speculation cost. The research provides technical support for the design of the performance appraisal mechanism of government-paid PPP projects.
Investigation of Virulence Genes of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Sterile Body Fluid Samples and Their Correlation with Clinical Symptoms and Outcomes
Authors: Lin Tao , Li Qianhui , Jin Defu , Liu Wanbo , Tang Chaogui , Zhang Xiaoyun
Published: December 2021

Staphylococcus aureus is the major pathogen causing nosocomial human infections and produces a variety of virulence factors that contribute to its ability to colonize and cause diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the virulence genes in S. aureus isolated from sterile body fluid samples and their correlation with clinical symptoms and outcomes. The VITEK 2® Compact system was used to perform biochemical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests on 33 S. aureus isolates. Virulence genes were amplified using multiplex PCR. The virulence gene patterns were analyzed by systematic cluster analysis. The frequency of methicillin-resistant S. aureus was 45.45%, and 17 virulence genes were identified. Genes encoding hemolysins showed high frequencies. The frequencies of hla, hlb, hld, and hlgB were 93.94% and that of the luk-F/S-PV was 21.21%. Except for the frequency of splB (51.52%), the remaining genes encoding invasive proteases showed frequencies greater than 81.82%. Among the patients, 100.00% had undergone invasive medical procedures and 24.00% had been treated with more than three types of antibiotic drugs. Invasive medical procedures are the main causes of infection. Resistance to antibiotic drugs and the status of carrying virulence genes were highly related to clinical symptoms and outcomes.
Ginkgolic Acid (GA) Inhibits the Growth of OCa by Inhibiting lncRNA MALAT1/JAK2 Axis
Authors: Fei Zhiyi , Yu Yi , Xiang Mi , Luo Fang
Published: December 2021

Objective. We aimed to observe the impact of ginkgolic acid (GA) on the proliferation and metastasis ability of ovarian cancer (OCa) cells and to further explore whether GA affects the malignant progress of OCa via regulating the lncRNA MALAT1/JAK2 axis. Methods. OCa cells SKOV3 and CAOV3 were administered with 1 ng/ml GA, 5 ng/ml GA, 10 ng/ml GA, 20 ng/ml GA, and DSMO as control, respectively. The cell proliferation and migration ability of the abovementioned cells in each group were measured by CCK-8 test and Transwell experiments. The expression levels of lncRNA MALAT1 and JAK2 protein were examined by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Subsequently, in OCa cells treated with GA, lncRNA MALAT1 overexpression vector was transfected to continue to detect the proliferation activity and migration ability of each treatment group. Finally, the regulation of GA on activity of lncRNA MALAT1/JAK2 axis in OCa cells was further explored in nude mice. Results. Our data showed that the proliferation inhibition rate of cells at each ginkgolic acid concentration was higher than that of the control group (

P
<
0.05

), suggesting that GA has an inhibitory influence on the proliferation of OCa cells, in a dose-dependent way. GA was able to inhibit the proliferation rate and migration ability of OCa cells. Administration of ginkgolic acid downregulated the levels of lncRNA MALAT1 and JAK2 protein. Overexpression of lncRNA MALAT1 partially reversed the inhibited OCa proliferative capacity caused by GA treatment. Consistent with the results observed in vitro, we also found that the OCa tumor weight and volume of nude mice injected with lncRNA MALAT1 overexpression vector were enhanced and JAK2 protein level increased remarkably in comparison to the ginkgolic acid group. Conclusions. In summary, GA may exert its inhibitory effect on the proliferative and migratory capacities of OCa cells through suppressing the activity of lncRNA MALAT1/JAK2 axis.
[Retracted] Effects of Omega‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Cognitive Function after Splenectomy in Rats
Authors: Guo Yong , Ping Feng , Cao Yongmei , Shang Jiawei , Zhang Junfeng , Jiang Hong , Fang Shudong
Published: December 2021

Background. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication after abdominal surgery. Several studies have reported that POCD is related to neuroinflammation caused by surgery. Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can effectively inhibit the systematic inflammatory response. So, we use fish oil to study the effect of fish oil on inflammation, immunity, and cognitive behavior after splenectomy in rats. Methods. 60 SD (Sprague‐Dawley) rats were randomly divided into control group (group C, n = 20), surgery group (group S, n = 20), and omega‐3 (fish oil) intervention group (group F, n = 20). Omega‐3 PUFA was injected intraperitoneally from 3 days before operation to 7 days after operation in group F, and normal saline was injected simultaneously in group S. Rats in group S and group F received splenectomy under general anesthesia. Morris water maze behavioral evaluation was performed on the first, third, fifth, and seventh day after operation. The levels of IL‐1β (interleukin‐1β), IL‐6 (interleukin‐6), TNF‐α (tumor necrosis factor‐α), SOD (superoxide dismutase), and GSH‐PX (glutathione peroxidase) were detected. Results. Serums IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α concentrations in group S and group F were higher than those in group C (P < 0.01), while those inflammatory cytokines in group F were significantly lower than those in group S (P < 0.01); serum GSH‐PX levels in group F were higher than group S (P < 0.01). The Morris water maze behavior test performance of group F was better than that of group S (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Omega‐3 PUFA can effectively improve postoperative inflammatory response, reduce the damage of antioxidant defense system, and improve postoperative cognitive function.
Some Parameterized Quantum Simpson’s and Quantum Newton’s Integral Inequalities via Quantum Differentiable Convex Mappings
Authors: You Xue Xiao , Ali Muhammad Aamir , Budak Hüseyin , Vivas-Cortez Miguel , Qaisar Shahid
Published: December 2021

In this work, two generalized quantum integral identities are proved by using some parameters. By utilizing these equalities, we present several parameterized quantum inequalities for convex mappings. These quantum inequalities generalize many of the important inequalities that exist in the literature, such as quantum trapezoid inequalities, quantum Simpson’s inequalities, and quantum Newton’s inequalities. We also give some new midpoint-type inequalities as special cases. The results in this work naturally generalize the results for the Riemann integral.
Teledentistry as a Supportive Tool for Dentists in Diagnosing MRONJ in Northern Cyprus
Authors: Firincioglulari Mujgan , Orhan Kaan
Published: December 2021

Objective. This web‐based survey, as a tool of teledentistry, is aimed at assessing the level of knowledge, attitudes, and awareness regarding MRONJ among dental professionals in Northern Cyprus. Methods. An online self‐administered questionnaire about MRONJ was sent to all dentists in Northern Cyprus through Google Forms. The first part of the questionnaire consists of demographic and professional information, and the second part included questions about knowledge and awareness questions about MRONJ. The SPSS software was used for statistical data analysis. A Chi‐square test was performed to compare between the groups. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results. A total of 112 dentists participated in this survey. The participants showed an insufficient level of knowledge regarding MRONJ, as only 56.6% of the participants stated that they had general knowledge about MRONJ. Regarding the practical questions of the survey, the participants showed poor knowledge about implant and tooth extraction procedures while a patient is using antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs, particularly the usage of oral antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs for less than 3 years. Participants showed adequate knowledge in terms of usage area of medications and administration of them. Conclusion. Teledentistry can be used as a supportive tool for dentists in diagnosing MRONJ. Similar to previous studies, the knowledge and awareness of MRONJ of dentists in Northern Cyprus were found to be inadequate. There is a significant need to provide more professional information as part of undergraduate programs so that the next generation of dentists can practice more confidently.
Effect of Specific Acupuncture Therapy Combined with Rehabilitation Training on Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Xiong Feng , Lu Jingkang , Pan Hongxia , Wang Fengyi , Huang Yaqin , Liu Yiwei , Li Lingxin , Zhang Rengang , Wang Yulong , He Chengqi , Quan Wei
Published: December 2021

Acupuncture therapies were used to treat spinal cord injury (SCI) and its complications. To assess the effect of a specific acupuncture therapy combined with rehabilitation training for inpatients with incomplete SCI, we conducted an assessor-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center in West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Seventy-two participants diagnosed with incomplete SCI were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 24 patients each, with data collection completed in December, 2019. Participants were randomly assigned (1 : 1 : 1) to 3 groups to receive treatment for 4 weeks, 5 times/week of acupuncture for Continuous Acupuncture Treatment (CAT) group, 3 times/week for Intermittent Acupuncture Treatment (IAT) group, and no acupuncture for Control group; all 3 groups received routine rehabilitation training. The primary outcome was the change of American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor score from baseline to week 4. Secondary outcomes included sensory score, Modified Barthel Index (MBI). At week 4, CAT group had a higher motor score and MBI score increase than the control group (mean difference 10.52, 17.36;

p

 < 0.001,

p

 < 0.01, respectively). CAT group had more increase in motor score and MBI than IAT group (mean difference 5.55, 14.77;

p

 < 0.05,

p

 < 0.05, respectively). But the difference among groups in the increase of sensory score was not statistically significant. Acupuncture resulted in a higher motor score and MBI after 4 weeks. And the dosage of 5/week led to more improvement in motor score and MBI than that of 3/week. The results suggested that a dosage of 5/week of acupuncture is safe and more effective for SCI than 3/week. But further research is needed to determine the best intervention dosage, long-term efficacy, and underlying mechanism. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1900021530.
Essential Oils as Biocontrol Agents of Early and Late Blight Diseases of Tomato under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Mugao Lydia G. , Gichimu Bernard M. , Muturi Phyllis W. , Njoroge Ezekiel K.
Published: December 2021

Tomato production worldwide is usually restrained by various infections, among them mainly the late and early blight caused by Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani, respectively. Lately, there has been a growing concern over the use of synthetic fungicides on environmental and food safety, hence the need to explore other alternatives that are friendly to the user, the consumer, and the general environment. This research sought to test the potency of ginger, garlic, and Mexican marigold essential oils against the early and late blight diseases of tomato under greenhouse conditions. A synthetic fungicide (Ridomil Gold®) was used as a positive control while distilled water acted as a negative control. The extraction of essential oils was done by dry steam distillation and then mixed with tween twenty before being topped up with sterile distilled water. They were then used to spray tomato plants that had been inoculated with A. solani and P. infestans isolates under greenhouse conditions. The tomato plants were evaluated for growth, yield, and disease severity. The data obtained was subjected to ANOVA and separation of means was conducted using Student–Newman–Keul (SNK) test at 95% level of confidence. The three essential oils had a significant potency against the two diseases which is comparable to the synthetic fungicide. Marigold essential oil was also found to have a significant impact on the general growth of sprayed tomato plants. Essential oils of the three plants can be further explored as alternative products management of the two diseases.
Comparative Study of Multiple High-Signal-Intensity Spots on 3D and 2D Magnetic Resonance Sialography for Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Shimada Yusuke , Kojima Ikuho , Iikubo Masahiro
Published: December 2021

We investigated the sensitivities of 2-dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance sialography (MR-S) and unilateral sagittal and axial 3-dimensional (3D) MR-S using a surface coil and their combination in diagnosing patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). We retrospectively analyzed the 3D and 2D MR-S results of 78 patients with SS. We evaluated the sensitivities of multiple high-signal-intensity spots and staging on MR sialograms and analyzed the efficient imaging methods and cross section for diagnosing patients with SS. The sensitivities of MR-S for detecting abnormal findings (i.e., MR-S stage 1 or higher) were as follows: 65 cases (83.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 73.2–90.8]) for unilateral sagittal 3D MR-S; 62 cases (79.4% [95% CI: 68.8–87.8]) for axial 3D MR-S; 66 cases (84.6% [95% CI: 74.7–91.8]) for combined unilateral sagittal and axial 3D MR-S; and 32 cases (41.0% [95% CI: 30.0–52.7]) for bilateral sagittal 2D MR-S. The ratio of the abnormal finding of MR-S was tested using the two-tailed Fisher’s exact test. Unilateral sagittal, axial, and combined unilateral sagittal and axial 3D MR-S showed significantly higher sensitivity than bilateral sagittal 2D MR-S, respectively (

P

 < 0.001). Most cases upstaged by 3D MR-S were those positive (stage 1 or higher) among the stage 0 cases detected by 2D MR-S. Axial 3D MR-S, compared with 2D MR-S, understaged four cases, which was due to the imaging range of the axial 3D MR-S. We concluded that a single unilateral sagittal 3D MR-S was sufficient and axial 3D MR-S was unnecessary for SS staging. T1- and T2-weighted images are essential for investigating the salivary glands in patients with SS. Therefore, we also concluded that bilateral sagittal 3D MR-S of the parotid glands in addition to T1- and T2-weighted imaging is necessary, sufficient, and most efficient for precise MR imaging examination of the salivary glands, including diagnosing SS.
Research on the Basketball Goal Recognition Method Based on Improved MobileNet
Authors: Yang Ke
Published: December 2021

Moving target detection is involved in many engineering projects, but it is difficult because of the strong time-varying speed and uncertain path. Goal recognition is the key technology of the basketball goal automatic test. Also, accurate and timely judgment of basketball goals has important practical value. Therefore, a basketball goal recognition method based on an improved lightweight deep learning network model (L-MobileNet) is proposed. First of all, the basket detection is carried out by the Hough circle transform algorithm. Then, in order to further improve the detection speed of basketball goals, based on the lightweight network MobileNet, an improved lightweight network (L-MobileNet) is proposed. First of all, for deeply separable convolution, channel compression and block convolution reduce the parameters and computational complexity of the module. At the same time, because block convolution will hinder the information exchange between characteristic channels, an improved channel shuffling method, IShuffle, is introduced. Then, combined with the residual structure to improve the generalization ability of the network, the RLDWS module is constructed. Finally, a more lightweight network L-MobileNet is constructed by using the RLDWS module. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively realize the judgment of basketball goals, and the judgment accuracy is improved by 8.35%. At the same time, the amount of parameters and computation is only 29.7% and 53.2% of the original, and it also has certain advantages compared with other lightweight networks.
Prediction of Income of Rural Residents Based on Markov Model under the Background of Rural Revitalization
Authors: Li Xiaorong , Xing Qianli
Published: December 2021

The income of rural residents is not only an important indicator to measure the development of rural economy, but also a key factor in the livelihood of farmers. The accurate prediction of income of rural residents can provide data supporting for promoting rural revitalization strategy. This paper selects per capita disposable income of rural residents in China as the research object and uses the macrostatistical data from 2011 to 2020 to predict farmers’ income. Firstly, the grey prediction model is constructed, and the grey prediction value is corrected by Markov chain. The simulation value is compared with the real value. And the results show that the prediction accuracy of the model is higher. It shows that the results of using the grey Markov model to predict the income of rural residents in China from 2021 to 2025 are reliable. Finally, the article puts forward policy recommendations to promote the income of rural residents.
Coexisting Thyroglossal Duct Cyst with Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alarfaj Abdullah A. , Zekri Ahmed , Alyaeesh Ibrahim , Alomairin Ahmed , Al Naim Abdulrahman
Published: December 2021

Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) are common developmental anomalies in which the thyroglossal duct is not obliterated. Coexisting papillary thyroid cancer and TGDC are uncommon and should be investigated thoroughly to rule out TGDC carcinoma. We report a rare case of coexisting papillary thyroid cancer and TGDC in a 48-year-old man, who presented with a history of recurrent mild painful midline neck swelling, and ultrasound (US) revealed a TGDC that was subsequently managed conservatively. On follow-up after 1.6 years, a thyroid US and a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy were performed, which showed malignant papillary thyroid carcinoma. Total thyroidectomy, the Sistrunk procedure, and central neck dissection were implemented. After three days, the patient was discharged on 150 mg of levothyroxine. Follow-up was unremarkable with no complications. The authors would like to stress the importance of regular TGDC and thyroid gland follow-ups for early detection and diagnosis of thyroid malignancy via clinical examination and US.
Prognostic Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Peng , Liu Xin , Gao Ziran , Cao Xianbao , Zhao Xilong
Published: December 2021

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of tumor progression, and lncRNA expression levels could serve as a potential molecular biomarker for the prognosis and diagnosis of some cancers. However, the prognostic value of lncRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to explore the potential prognostic value of lncRNAs in OSCC. We systematically searched PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Elsevier from 2005 to 2021 to identify all published studies that reported the association between lncRNAs and prognosis in OSCC. Then, we used meta-analytic methods to identify the actual effect size of lncRNAs on cancer prognosis. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association. The reliability of those results was then examined using measures of heterogeneity and testing for selective reporting biases. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 17 studies were eligible in our meta-analysis, involving 1384 Asian patients. The results identified a statistically significant association of high lncRNA expression with poor overall survival [adjusted pooled hazard ratio

AHR

=
1.52

; 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.26–1.84],

p
≤
0.001

]. The present meta-analysis demonstrated that lncRNA expression might be used as a predictive prognostic biomarker for Asian patients with OSCC.
A Nonlinear Prognostic Model Based on the Wiener Process with Three Sources of Uncertainty
Authors: Niu Huifang , Zeng Jianchao , Shi Hui , Wang Bin , Liu Tianye
Published: December 2021

Estimation of the remaining useful life (RUL) is an important component of prognostics and health management (PHM). The accuracy of the RUL estimation for complex systems is mainly affected by three sources of uncertainty, i.e., the temporal uncertainty, the product‐to‐product uncertainty, and measurement errors. To improve PHM and account for the effects of the three sources of uncertainty, a nonlinear prognostic model with three sources of uncertainty is presented here. An approximated analytical expression for the probability density function (PDF) of the RUL is obtained based on the concept of first hitting time (FHT). Model parameters are then obtained by the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, and the drift parameter is estimated adaptively using a Bayesian procedure. Finally, in order to illustrate the practical applications of the presented approach, a comparative study of real data on fatigue crack propagation is presented. Results demonstrate that our method improves model fit and increases the accuracy of the lifetime estimation.
Investigating the Impact of Cloud Computing Vendor on the Adoption of Cloud Computing
Authors: Zhang Ge , Liu Lu , Guo Hao
Published: December 2021

Cloud computing offers significant impacts on organization by changing how information systems are developed, deployed, operated, maintained, and paid for. Therefore, the adoption of cloud computing becomes the focus of relevant research; however, previous studies have mostly studied the factors affecting cloud computing adoption from the perspective of adopters, ignoring the influence of the vendors. This study defines cloud service capability and develops scale to measure it from the perspective of cloud computing vendors to empirically examine the impact of the supply-side of cloud computing. The initial scale of cloud service capability is constructed using qualitative research, and the formal scale is obtained after two rounds of pretest. The statistical results of matched data collected from 132 cloud computing vendors and their users show that cloud service capability significantly affects cloud computing adoption. This study shifts the research perspective on cloud adoption to make theoretical contributions and management insights from the perspective of cloud computing vendors.
Extracting Function-Driven Tracing Characteristics for Optimized SVM Classification
Authors: Wan Ming , Xu Xinlu , Song Yan , Li Quanliang , Li Jiawei
Published: December 2021

Due to its openness and simplicity, Modbus TCP has wide applications to facilitate the actual management and control in industrial wireless fields. However, its potential security vulnerabilities can also create lots of complicated information security challenges, which are increasingly threatening the availability of industrial real-time traffic delivery. Although anomaly detection has been recognized as a workable security measure to identify attacks, the critical step to successfully extract data characteristics is an extremely difficult task. In this paper, we focus on the continuous control mode in industrial processes and propose a control tracing feature algorithm to extract the function-driven tracing characteristics from Modbus TCP data traffic. Furthermore, this algorithm can flexibly integrate the time factor with critical functional operations and adequately describe the dynamic control change of technological processes. To closely cooperate with this algorithm, one optimized SVM (support vector machine) classifier is introduced as the practicable decision engine. By designing one applicable attack mode, we develop an in-depth and meticulous analysis on the decision accuracy, and all experimental results clearly explain that the extracted features can strongly reflect the changing pattern of continuous functional operations, and the proposed algorithm can effectively cooperate with the optimized SVM classifier to distinguish abnormal Modbus TCP data traffic.