bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMALISASI PENGGUNAAN FORKLIFT TERHADAP KELANCARAN PROSES BONGKAR STEEL COIL DI PT. DAISY MUTIARA SAMUDRA
Authors: SAHARA SITI , Annas Ruli Pradana
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis waktu yang dibutuhkan forklift untuk membongkar steel coil dari palka kapal sampai ke truck lossing dan mengetahui besaran biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk menyewa forklift pada saat melakukan kegiatan bongkar steel coil. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan memperhitungkan perbandingan Data yang digunakan biaya penggunaan Forklift dengan membeli atau tetap dengan kondisi yang ada yaitu dengan sistem sewa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk menyewa forklift pada bulan Januari sebesar Rp. 130.200.000, sedangkan pada bulan februari sebesar Rp. 133.800.000. Jumlah pengeluaran tersebut tentu lebih besar dari biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk melakukan perawatan forklift perbulan. Apabila perusahaan membeli 1 unit forklift 15 ton, maka perusahaan akan menghemat pengeluaran sebesar Rp. 7.600.000 - Rp. 12.000.000.
Otoliths as taxonomic tool to identify catfishes of the genus Mystus (Teleostei: Bagridae) from India
Authors: Nair Sangeetha M. , Gangan Shardul S. , Raut S. , Raghavan Rajeev , Pavan Kumar A. , Singh L. K. , Jaiswar A. K.
Published: April 2021

To contribute to the clarification of taxonomy of bagrid catfishes belonging to the genus Mystus, the lapillus otoliths of five species (Mystus armatus, M. malabaricus, M. cavasius, M. gulio and M. tengara), using various otolith shape indices such as circularity, ellipticity, rectangularity and form factor were compared. Among the indices studied, rectangularity and form factor bestowed maximum F-ratio of 49.223 and 30.621, respectively, contributing maximum to species discrimination. The F-ratio for circularity, ellipticity, rectangularity, form factor and roundness were found to be 4.154, 28.735, 30.621, 49.223 and 14.58, respectively. The shape indices studied varied significantly among the five species. Cross validation by discriminant analysis of otolith shape data explained 100%variability by the first four functions. The jack-knifed classification matrix identified that the original groups are correctly classified to an extent of 68.6%. The description provided in this article will serve as a baseline database for bagrid otolith of the genus Mystus.
Effect of dietary supplementation of Euglena viridis on growth performance and selected serum biochemical parameters in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings
Authors: Pradhan Jyotirmayee , Sahu Swagatika , Nayak Kausalya K. , Das B. K.
Published: April 2021

Fingerlings of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) (25±2 g) were fed on Euglena viridis supplemented diets @ 0 (Control), 0.1 g kg-1, 0.5 g kg-1 and 1.0 g kg-1 for 90 days. At 30 days intervals, blood serum samples were assayed for glucose level and enzymatic parameters viz., serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Fish were challenged with a virulent strain of Aeromonas hydrophila after 90 days feeding period. Insignificant (p>0.05) differences in serum AST levels were noticed on the 30th and 60th day of feeding between the different dietary groups of fish. Serum enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) significantly (p<0.05) declined in fish fed on E. viridis incorporated diets. On the 10th day post-challenge with A. hydrophila, the highest percentage of survival (75%) was recorded in the dietary group fed with 0.5 g kg-1 E. viridis. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) and highest specific growth rate (SGR) were recorded in the group fed with 0.5 g kg-1 E. viridis incorporated diet. The results clearly indicated that dietary E. viridis promote growth rate and decreases susceptibility to A. hydrophila and did not negatively impact serum enzyme levels in L. rohita .
Length-weight, length-length relationships and condition factor of obtuse barracuda Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829 (Pisces: Perciformes) from Vizhinjam coast, Kerala, India
Authors: Shaila Prasad R. , Santhosh B. , Abraham Kurian Mathew , Jasmine S. , Surya S. , Saleela K. N. , Benziger V. P.
Published: April 2021

Eleven morphometric variables including weight were recorded for 429 specimens of obtuse barracuda Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829 collected over a period of two years from January 2017 to December 2018, from Vizhinjam fish landing centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Length-weight relationship and length-length relationship of the species were estimated using linear regression analysis. Different length measurements were converted to ratios with standard length as morphometric ratios and the growth rate was assessed gender wise. Length-weight relationship for male and female population were estimated as Wm= 13.326 × L3.2409 and Wf = 11.952 × L2.9821, respectively. Linear relationships for other morphometric variables and morphometric ratios with standard length were established for the species. Principal component analysis was performed and total length, snout length and snout to pre-nostril length were identified as key morphometric variables discriminating gender. The relative condition factor was estimated as 1.04+0.13 for total population and the role of morphometric ratios in sex differentiation was examined.
Growth and metabolic responses of orange spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings at different salinity regimes
Authors: Xavier Biji , Megarajan Sekar , Ranjan Ritesh , Dash Biswajit , Sadhu Narasimhulu , Siva Ponnaganti , Ghosh Shubhadeep
Published: April 2021

A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to delineate the effect of different salinities on growth and metabolic responses in fingerlings of orange spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822). The grouper fingerlings (N=1050; Av. wt. 2.0±0.01 g) were distributed equally into seven treatments of varying salinities viz., 5±1‰ (T1), 10±1‰ (T2), 15±1‰ (T3), 20±1‰ (T4), 25±1‰ (T5), 30±1‰ (T6) and 35±1‰ (T7) in triplicates. Fingerlings were fed with commercial diet containing 45% crude protein and 10% lipid. Results from the experiment concluded that growth performance of fingerlings of T4 group was better with minimum metabolic enzyme activity. The liver glycogen was significantly lower (p<0.05) in T4 group. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was recorded maximum at 15±1‰ and was significantly reduced for the fingerlings maintained at high salinity (p<0.05) from 20±1 to 35±1‰. Orange spotted grouper fingerlings maintained at salinity of 20±1‰ confirmed that, the animal spent less metabolic energy for maintaining the ionic balance at this optimum salinity compared to other salinities and it was reflected in better growth performance with minimum OCR and metabolic enzyme activities.
Spatial distribution and diversity inventory of macro-benthic fauna in the Indian Sundarban
Authors: Sau Susovan , Nagesh T.S. , Trivedi R.K. , Abraham T.J. , Dubey S.K. , Rout S.K. , Biswas I. , Bhakta Dibakar
Published: April 2021

In the present study, an attempt was made to document the spatial distribution and diversity inventory of macro-benthic fauna from 21 sampling stations of the Indian Sundarbanfor a period of six months from November 2014 to April 2015. A total of 1,871 individuals belonging to 35 species were recorded which comprised 12 species of molluscs, 20 species of crustaceans, one species each of xiphosurid, sea anemone and fish. The frequency analysis of species revealed that the most dominant species were Telescopium telescopium and Tubuca rosea among molluscs and crustaceans, respectively. The density analysis of the species showed that Pirenella cingulata and T. rosea had maximum values among molluscs and crustaceans, respectively. The average values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, dominance index and Margalef diversity index were found to be 2.712, 0.888, 0.111 and 4.513, respectively.
Common pool resource dependency and its impact on current income and its equity among fisher households in selected districts of Tripura State, North-east India
Authors: Das Apu , Kumar Nalini Ranjan , Das Anamika
Published: April 2021

The study has assessed the common pool resource dependency and income distribution pattern across households involved in fisheries in the North-east Indian state of Tripura. The study was carried out based on the responses of 230 sample households involved in common pool resource collection. The findings of the study revealed income quartile-wise households dependency on different common pool resources to total current income. The dependence on common pool resources does not decline with total current income, instead there was evidence of a decline first and then increase in dependence on common pool resources. The contribution of income from capture fisheries was 18.84, 14.32, 6.70 and 3.6% to the total income of lowest quartile, 25-50%income quartile, 50-75 income quartile and top 25% income quartile respectively. Considering the importance of income generated from capture fisheries resources, the study attempted to find out Gini concentration and Lorenze curve for 90 households involved in capture fisheries. The Gini concentration ratio of 0.207 revealed almost equitable distribution of income across the households involved in capture fisheries. Considering these facts, the study suggested policy measures for sustainable management of open water bodies in the state which will lead to bring in more income to the fishers which would also help to bring equity among households income.
Variation in biotic and abiotic factors associated with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) outbreak in shrimp culture ponds
Authors: Swathi A. , Shekhar M. S. , Karthic K. , Vinaya Kumar K. , Muralidhar M. , Hauton Chris , Vijayan K. K.
Published: April 2021

Shrimp production in India has gradually increased since 2009 with the introduction of Penaeus vannamei. Most coastal states in India have been important contributors to P. vannamei production. However, among the many challenges faced in sustainable shrimp farming, prevention of viral diseases and pond water quality management remain major concerns. In this study, 27 shrimp ponds located in Kalpakkam and Elavur regions of Tamil Nadu were monitored to characterise the pond water parameters including pH, salinity, temperature, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrite, hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO) and Vibrio spp. load. Sudden outbreaks of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) were observed in some ponds which were found to be associated with variations in abiotic parameters. Parameters such as pH, DO and nitrite were observed to be within the permissible range, while temperature, salinity, Vibrio spp. load and ammonia were relatively higher in certain ponds. The influence of these abiotic factors triggering WSSV outbreak were investigated in this study.
Micronuclear induction in response to methylmercury exposure in the air breathing fish Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)
Authors: Swetha S. , Pramod Kiran R. B.
Published: April 2021

Natural and man-made chemicals like mercury have been implicated as malefactors in various ailments and are even considered genotoxic since long. Methylmercury (MeHg), the organic compound of mercury, -is known to cause genetic variations in many organisms spanning all spheres of life. The present study was conducted to identify the formation of nuclear anomalies on exposure to MeHg in the freshwater air breathing fish Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) using micronucleus (MN) assay. Acute toxicity (LC50) of MeHg was calculated to be 438 μg l-1 using probit analysis. The fishes were exposed to 1/5th concentration of LC50 (87.6 μg l-1 ) and blood samples collected on days 0, 4 and 15 were analysed for induction of MN. The percentage of MN formation per 1000 cells was the highest (19.35) in the juveniles on day 15. It is concluded that A. testudineus is sensitive to MeHg and micronuclear assay of the species can be used as a potential biomarker in the event of contamination in aquatic ecosystems.
Biology of reproduction in Otolithoides pama (Hamilton, 1822) in Hooghly-Matlah Estuary of West Bengal, India
Authors: Bhakta Dibakar , Das Sudhir Kumar , Das B.K. , Nagesh T.S.
Published: April 2021

Pama croaker, Otolithoides pama (Hamilton, 1822) is one of the commercially important demersal fish of Hooghly-Matlah estuarine system, West Bengal, India. Reproductive biology of 618 samples of O. pama (Hamilton, 1822) collected from the Hooghly-Matlah estuarine system of West Bengal, India for a period of 18 months (November 2016 to April 2018) was investigated. The total length (TL), body weight (BW) and ovary weight (OW) of the samples varied from 100-384 mm, 7.29-470.71 g and 1.5-29.49 g, respectively. The sex distribution was 1 male for 1.07 female and the ratio did not differ statistically. The length at first maturity (Lm) was recorded as 183 mm for males and 196 mm for females. The reproductive activity was found throughout the year with three peak spawning season with high gonadosomatic index (GSI) values, i. e., during February-March, June and September-November. The absolute fecundity ranged from 4652 to 170688 eggs (24950±32441.2) and relative fecundity ranged from 96 to 808 eggs per g body weight (382±176.83). Fecundity exhibited a relatively higher significant correlation with ovary weight (r = 0.973, p<0.01), compared to total length, total weight and ovary length. Egg diameter frequency showed polymodal distribution, indicating that the species is a batch or asynchronous spawner.
Institutional Literacy and Libraries: Addressing Library Anxiety with a Personal Librarian Program
Authors: Doerksen Brad
Published: April 2021

This article considers institutional literacy as a lens through which to consider causes of library anxiety and the development of library programs. Institutional literacy is the ability to read and engage with the ways of being and doing that are -- often invisibly -- embedded into institutions of all kinds. This article posits that the ability of library users to confidently engage with library services is in part predicated on the level of institutional literacy these users have, both in the institution of the library itself and any larger host institution – such as a university.

A setting such as a university requires a range of literacies, and those developing programs and services in such settings should not assume new and potential library users already have developed these literacies. While librarians are accustomed to considering information literacy as their contribution to this matrix, unfamiliar institutional literacy practices can present obstacles to new library users becoming information literate.

A comparison of research on the effects of a lack of institutional literacy and research into library anxiety demonstrates parallels that suggest that low levels of institutional literacy are a contributing factor to library anxiety, creating one of the aforementioned obstacles. Acting as institutional literacy mediators is one way library workers can respond to this challenge. The article concludes with a description of how the theoretical lens thus developed was used to inform the development of a personal librarian program at the University of Regina, in part by positioning librarians as institutional literacy mediators.
Crisis of Ideas in Moscow Society of Religion and Philosophy in Memory of Vladimir Solovyov in 1907–1910
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Volkov Alexander V.
Published: April 2021

The article provides an overview of the main development stages of the Moscow Society of Religion and Philosophy in Memory of Vladimir Solovyov (here­inafter, MRFO – Moskovskoye religiosno-filosofskoye obschestvo). The focus is on the second stage of MRFO’s activity, from October 1907 till April 1910. The articles studies the reasons for the expulsion of one of its most active members of the first period, Valentin Sventsitsky, and why the communication with him where broken thereafter. The article also explores the decline of Bulgakov’s po­litical activity towards the end of the revolution and his increased engagement with the problems of Christian history, spurred, among other factors, by the in­fluence of the Circle of Seekers of Christian Illumination. Another issue is the departure of Vladimir Ern from social and ecclesial issues and his transition to classical philosophical topics. The author also specifically focuses on the evo­lution of Berdyaev’s philosophic views – from socio-religious issues close to those explored by the New Religious Consciousness group, to ecclesial issues and the phenomenon of historical Christianity. The articles also describes the features of the formation of the philosophical ideas of Symbolists observed in their pre­sentations made at MRFO meetings in 1907–1908. Some of the presentations discussed are those of Andrey Bely and Vyacheslav Ivanov. The author also ana­lyzes the main reasons for the MRFO crisis of 1907–1910 and discusses the pre­sentations of Dmitry Merezhkovsky at MRFO meetings. In addition, the article seeks to give an overview of how the ideas of St Petersburg and Moscow circles of religious and philosophical thinkers developed in subsequent periods.
The Language of Adam, Epistemic Crisis, and the “Radical Truths” of John Dee
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Karabykov Anton V.
Published: April 2021

The life and work of John Dee (1527–1608/9), an English mathematician, eru­dite and occultist, remains an enigma that gives rise to intensive controversies, puzzles scholars, and nourishes imagination of mass culture makers. The aim of the article is to consider a magical practice of the late Dee and a unique narrative recorded in his diaries, in a context of the intellectual situation of that epoch. The analysis is concentrated on a role of those practice and narrative in dialectics of the search for the perfect language which took place in the West in 15th–17th cc. A technical facet of crystallomancy and its standing in the Renaissance culture as well as conditions and motives urging Dee to invest his years in practicing the magic of that kind. A special attention is paid to the course and results of re­vealing of the primordial tongue by the ‘angels’ and to the Adamic myth that accompanied the linguistic material and informed of substance, functions, and historical fate of Ursprache. It is argued that despite its reprehensibility crystal­lomancy took a relatively high cultural status and a wide spreading. Dee became its convinced adept due to a deep inner crisis caused by eschatological anxiety, collapse of traditional epistemology, and discontent with his previous intellectual initiatives. As spirits claimed, the language that they were imparting to him con­nected the protoplasts with God and angels in Eden and served Adam as a per­fect instrument of knowledge and magic. Explaining his lasting failure of com­prehending of the revealed language the spirits persuaded Dee that it was not time yet for activation of its potencies but that it was very near though known only to God. That time had never come in the magician’s life. Nonetheless, glad­ness of (seeming) communication with the ‘angels’ compensated for bitterness of futile expectations.
Saint-Simon and Napoleon: the Emperor’s Personality and the Philosopher’s Worldview
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Krotov Artem A.
Published: April 2021

The article analyses Saint-Simon’s ideas about the mechanism of transition to social reorganization, which he saw as the main content of his contemporary era. Starting with the Letters of Geneva Resident to Contemporaries in the plans of the philosopher a special, exclusive place was given to Napoleon. Saint-Simon expected to strike, attract with his ideas a new star who rose on a political sky­scraper. He judged from a belief in the linear, logical-defined course of history. Napoleon was present in the mind of the philosopher as a hero who overcame the negative consequences of the French Revolution, almost the only one able to comprehend easily innovative ideas concerning the transformation of society. In the initial version of Saint-Simon’s philosophy of history, he acts as a neces­sary element to cement the past with the future. In the time of the First Empire Saint-Simon’s admiration of Napoleon increases, along with his genius is glori­fied his invincibility as the greatest of people and his coming world conquest. Following this event, the theorist of socialism expects a genius to turn to the sci­ences and issues of reforming society in the way he predicted. He regarded the “Emperor’s Tribunal” as the highest, most authoritative instance to appeal to re­solve worldview collisions. The Restoration cardinally changes the philosopher’s attitude to Napoleon's personality. His role in history for socialist’s conscious­ness is no longer progressive, but rather conservative. But the general principle – the search for support for his projects from the head of state – is not rejected by Saint-Simon. Now he appeals to Louis XVIII and in general to European mon­archs. The bet on a peaceful way of moving to a new, fairer structure, dictated a series of attempts by the philosopher to build a dialogue with the representa­tives of power.
The Humboldt-University and Its Rivals Under the Market Science Condition
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kasavin Ilya T.
Published: April 2021

In the modern rankings of higher education institutions almost monopolistic American universities (Harvard, Stanford, Princeton, etc.) play the leading role promoting the idea of the “entrepreneurial university”. The classic European university fails in the competition, and the idea of the Humboldt University is losing credibility. Our assumption is that this situation is in the large part due to the historical identity of civilizational missions, elites and forms of communica­tion (“trading zones”) that initiated these types of universities. The comparative history of European and American universities demonstrates that in the first case philosophers played a leading role in achieving the goals of cultural policy, and in the second, there were managers who won in the economic competition. European and American universities were, in different proportions, culture-forming centers and factors of economic development. University reforms were usually initiated from outside: these are its competitors and sponsors, politi­cians, and entrepreneurs. Who exactly takes on the functions of the moderator in the trading zones is a key question for the university’s fate. If a business model-oriented manager builds cooperation, then the university becomes the embodiment of academic capitalism. If a cultural policy is implemented in the interdisciplinary interaction of scientists themselves, then there is a chance to measure the university's development with humanistic values and the ethos of science.
Von Humboldt on Language, Contemporary Linguistics, and the Mission of a Linguist
Authors:   Interregional Non-Governmental Organization “Russian Society for History and Philosophy of Science”, Vostrikova Ekaterina V.
Published: April 2021

This article examines the ideas of W. von Humboldt on language and their simi­larities and differences with the fundamental ideas about the nature of natural languages within the generative framework founded by N. Chomsky. Chomsky famously argued that von Humboldt expressed and defended some of the key ideas of the generative approach. This paper relates Chomsky’s idea of the innate universal grammar and idea of generative rules as the underlying basis of the lan­guage creativity to the similar ideas of W. von Humboldt. The paper also dis­cusses Humboldt’s problematic from the generative perspective view that natural languages can have a primitive or an advance grammar. The paper considers a possible explanation for the fact that this idea seemed consistent to Humboldt with the idea of the innate universal grammar. The contemporary linguistics views all grammars of all languages as equal because a natural language is con­sidered to be a biological feature of our species developed in the process of evo­lution. This idea was not present in Humboldt’s philosophy, which made it possi­ble for him to think that some natural languages have not fully developed a potential hidden in its speakers. In this regard, the author considers the ques­tion of the social mission of the linguist; emphasizes that this is a fight against prejudices based on unscientific understanding of languages and dialects.
Spiritual Crisis of the Beginning of the 20th Century: From Philosophical to Religious Interpretations
Authors:   Saint Tikhon’s Orthodox University of the Humanities, Koltsov Alexander V.
Published: April 2021

The paper is an attempt to narrow down the notion of spiritual crisis which is now widely applied in research on history of culture of the 19th–20th centuries, with respect to history of German philosophy and observation of modern reli­giosity. The shift from the history of philosophy to the religious context is ful­filled through analysis of texts of two religious thinkers, A. Reinach and S. Frank, whose thought clearly demonstrates strong interconnection between the both fields. Analysis of contemporary studies on history of phenomenological philos­ophy (C. Möckel and W. Gleixner) lets firstly observe ways of application of Koselleck’s notion of crisis to investigations in the history of philosophy. Sec­ondly it discovers two possibilities of philosophical contextualization of the con­cept of spiritual crisis – on the one hand, as a constituent rhetorical element of the philosophical statement (Möckel), on the other hand, as a term which de­scribes the uniqueness of an intellectual situation of the beginning of the 20thcentury (Gleixner). Then these aspects of the rhetoric of crisis are applied to reli­gious philosophy of Reinach and Frank, what leads to interpretation of their works as a particular statement discovering the divine (or the holy) as a new cat­egory of religious consciousness.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS ON SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF FATTAILED AND GARUT RAMS UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Isnaini Nurul , Wahjuningsih Sri , Falah Moh. Miftahul , Fajarrofa Alfa , Harsi Tri , Sukmawati Eros
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the influences of rainy and dry seasons on semen characteristics of fat-tailed and Garut rams under tropical conditions. A total of 4 healthy rams (2 fat-tailed rams and 2 Garut rams) aged 3 to 4 years old were used in this study. The semen was collected from each ram during November 2016 to February 2017 (rainy season) and May to August 2017 (dry season). The measurement of semen characteristics including semen volume (SV), sperm concentration (SpC), total sperm (TSp), individual sperm motility (ISM), post-thawing sperm motility (PTSM), and frozen semen production (FSP). The rainy season resulted higher SV (P= 0.021), TSp (P= 0.005), ISM (P= 0.028), and FSP (P= 0.005) than the dry season. On the other hand, fat-tailed rams had higher (P0.001) SV, TSp, and FSP compared to Garut rams. There was no interaction (P0.05) between season and breed on all semen characteristic parameters found in the present study. It can be concluded that the semen collection during the rainy season had a beneficial impact to produce high-quality semen for artificial insemination program than in the dry season. Fat-tailed rams have better semen characteristics compared to Garut rams.
The Ability of Three Different Protocols in Removing Biroceramic- and Resin based Sealers from Simulated Internal Root Resorption Cavities: An in vitro Study
Authors: Alhaddad Ahmad M. , Aziz Saied Mohamed Abdel
Published: April 2021

The endodontic therapy is considered successful when it achieves certain criteria that include the absence of periapical radiolucency, root filling extending to 2 mm within the radiographic apex, root filling with no voids, and a satisfactory coronal restoration1.However, root canal failure could occur in a percentage of 15 - 22%, and the non-surgical root canal retreatment stays the treatment of choice as a conservative way to control the post-treatment disease2.In non-surgical root canal retreatment removing all of the old root filling material is essential to improve the chances of success because this material could make a mechanical barrier that potentially retains the bacteria responsible for the case failure and also hinders the contact of irrigating solutions and intracanal dressings to the root canal walls3.Sealers are used to obturate the root canal irregularities and to fill the voids between the root canal filling and the canal walls4. Many new sealers have been introduced in the market; most commonly used are the resin-based and the bioceramic based sealer, the retreatability of these sealers is still not fully known5.In more complicated cases of canal irregularities and atypical root canal system, the clinician faces a further challenge in the effective removal of the root canal filling. Internal root resorptions are a pathological condition caused by the inflammatory reaction of the pulp cells leaving a resorptive cavity, the limitations of conventional non-surgical retreatment protocols require a more effective approach to fully remove the root canal fillings6.Irrigant agitation through Ultrasonic (Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation –PUI) considered efficient when compared to the conventional syringe irrigation because of the acoustic transmission that can break the bacterial biofilm and other materials and debris in the root canal system7 other instruments have been introduced to the market for the same purpose, XP-endo Finisher (FKG Dentaire, Switzerland) stands out because of its special titanium alloy (Martensite-Austenite Elctropolish-Flex) that can react to a different temperature when the instrument reaches the body temperature it transforms from the straight martensite phase to a curved austenite phase the instrument tip could expand up to 6 mm when subjected to pressure, it has been demonstrated that this instrument could improve the removal of Ca(OH)2 from oval canals and reduce the bacterial count in the root canal system8, XP-Endo Shaper (FKG Dentaire) has the same titanium alloy as XP-endo Finisher and according to the manufacturer, this alloy has the ability to adapt to the morphology of the root canal and could expand to reach all canal walls.
Extraction, identification and quantification of water buffalo milk proteins using a combination of reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode-array detector (RP-HPLC-DAD) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements
Authors: Vargas Julián Andrés Castillo , Gomes Vinicius da Silva Botelho Duarte , Araújo Tiago Costa de , Mezzomo Rafael , Maciel Raylon Pereira
Published: April 2021

The development of novel methods to estimate the number of protein genetic variants of caseins (CN) and whey proteins in buffalo’s milk is necessary to optimize the technological and nutritional properties of dairy derivative products from this species. The literature has shown that buffalo’s milk CN and whey proteins can be successfully quantified using RP-HPLC-DAD. However, pure standards of genetic variants of CN and whey proteins in buffalo’s milk are not commercially available. This condition makes necessary their isolation and purification by preparative chromatography, which is difficult and requires specialized equipment. Thus, we proposed a protocol to quantify different casein genetic variants and major whey proteins in the milk of water buffaloes, using the combination of measurements derived from RP-HPLC-DAD and NIRS techniques. Our data showed estimates of casein variants and whey proteins similar to those reported by the classical method RP-HPLC-DAD that uses purified proteins and calibration curves.
Excellent piezoelectric property and thermal stability of Pb(Sc, Nb)O3-Pb(Hf, Ti)O3 ceramic
Authors: Zhao Mo , Jin Li , Chen Wei , Wu Wei
Published: April 2021

xPb(Sc 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 -(1-x)Pb(Hf 1-y Ti y )O 3 piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by solid state route, and the phase structures and piezoelectric properties of ceramics were systematically investigated. Results showed that the sample with the composition of x=0.07 and y=0.53 possessed higher phase coexistence between the rhombohedral and tetragonal, and exhibited the optimal properties among different constituent systems, i.e. T C =355 °C, d 33 =400 pC/N, ε r =1390 and tan δ =1.05%. Furthermore, the effects of temperature on d 33 , leakage current density, P - E loop, and unipolar strain were studied for xPb(Sc 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 -(1-x)Pb(Hf 0.47 Ti 0.53 )O 3 samples. The sample with x=0.07 revealed better temperature stability as well, the reason of which was analyzed in detail. The study indicates that the 0.07Pb(Sc 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 -0.93Pb(Hf 0.47 Ti 0.53 )O 3 piezoelectric ceramic has excellently comprehensive properties suitable for application in higher temperature condition.
Comparative DFT study on selective hydrogenation of acrolein catalyzed by pure Mo2C(001) and Pt/Mo2C(001)
Authors: Wu Jinrong , Huang Yanping , Wang Weiyan , Li Wensong , Li Zhengke , Yang Yunquan
Published: April 2021

In this paper, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to study the adsorption and stepwise hydrogenation of acrolein (CH 2 =CHCH=O) on pure Mo 2 C(001) and Pt/Mo 2 C(001). The electronic properties were investigated by Mulliken population analysis. The results showed that Mo atoms obtained some electrons from surrounding Pt and C atoms, thereby enhancing the hydrogenation activity of Mo atoms around Pt atoms and forming local active sites dominated by Mo atoms around Pt atoms. As a result, the adsorption energy of the species on Pt/Mo 2 C(001) is generally higher than that on Mo 2 C(001), and the activation energies of the elementary reactions involved in stepwise hydrogenation of acrolein on Pt/Mo 2 C(001) are lower than those on Mo 2 C(001). Moreover, Pt/Mo 2 C(001) exhibits higher selectivity for C=O bond hydrogenation than Mo 2 C(001) and produces more allyl alcohol.
Establishing The Optimal Male Cut-Off Point: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of The Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in a Representative Sample of Spanish University Students
Authors: Rica Robin , Solar María , Compte Emilio J. , Sepúlveda Ana Rosa
Published: April 2021

Purpose Although the EDE-Q is derived from the “gold standard” for the assessment of Eating Disorders (ED), its factor structure is controversial, particularly in male samples. The aim of the study was to examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the EDE-Q, as well to stablish a sensitive and specific cut-off point validated by EDE clinical interview. Methods A series of Confirmatory Factor Analyses were performed among a representative sample of 796 male university students, of whom 139 were interviewed. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis to determinate the most appropriate cut-off value. Results The original factor structure was not confirmed, showing a better fit with a 2-factor solution. For the Spanish male sample, a cut-off ≥ 1.09 for at-risk of ED cases and ≥ 2.41 for clinical cases presents an optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions The establishment of specific cut-off points for males may help to reduce the under-diagnosis of ED in this population.Level of evidence III Evidence obtained from well-designed case-control study.
The Up-Regulation of CXCL12-CXCR4 Axis By Radiotherapy Could Accelerate Glioma Progression
Authors: Tsuji Yuichiro , Nonoguchi Naosuke , Okuzaki Daisuke , Wada Yusuke , Motooka Daisuke , Hirota Yuki , Toho Taichiro , Yoshikawa Nobuhiko , Furuse Motomasa , Kawabata Shinji , Miyatake Shin-Ichi , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Yamamato Ryohei , Nakamura Shota , Kuroiwa Toshihiko , Wanibuchi Masahiko
Published: April 2021

Background: This study investigated whether the effect of changes in the microenvironment of parenchymal brain tissue caused by radiotherapy for malignant brain tumors affect the recurrence and progression of glioma. Methods: 3 months after the same 65-Gy irradiation had been applied to the right hemisphere. Irradiated Fisher rats were divided into three groups for in vitro assay as follows. IR/Ipsi-brain; the right-hemisphere tissue was used for experiments. IR/Contra-brain; the left-hemisphere tissue was used. Sham-IR/Brain; sham-irradiation was applied to the brain, and the right-hemisphere tissue was used. The effects of proteins extracted from the brains directly or indirectly affected by irradiation on the growth of F98 cells, the effect on tube formation, the influence on tumor biology, and the influence on cytokine production were investigated. Additionally, irradiated animals were divided into three groups for in vivo assay as follows. IR/Ipis-tumor; F98 cells (a glioma cell line) were transplanted to the right hemisphere. IR/Contra-tumor; F98 cells were transplanted to the left hemisphere. Sham-IR/Tumor; F98 cells were transplanted to the right hemisphere without irradiation. The median survival time of F98 transplanted rats was also examined. Results: X-ray irradiation promoted the secretion of cytokines such as TNFα, TGF-β1, VEGF-A, and CXCL12 from the irradiated brain. F98 glioma cells implanted in the irradiated brains showed significantly high proliferation and angiogenesis ability, and the post-irradiation F98 tumor-implanted rats showed a shorter median survival time compared to the Sham-irradiation group.Conclusions: These results indicate that the up-regulation of CXCL12-CXCR4 axis by radiotherapy could promote tumor proliferation. Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for malignant gliomas including glioblastoma multiforme, but the current study suggests that the microenvironment around the brain tissue in the chronic phase after exposure to X-ray radiation becomes suitable for glioma cell growth and invasion.
Evaluation of methane production from the anaerobic co-digestion of manure of guinea pig with lignocellulosic Andeans residues
Authors: Quelal Orlando Washinton Meneses , Velázquez-Martí Borja , Chavez Juan Gaibor , Ruiz Zulay Niño , Gisbert Andrés Ferrer
Published: April 2021

The objective of this research was to evaluate the anaerobic co-digestion of guinea pig manure (CY) with Andean agricultural residues such as amaranth (AM), quinoa (QU) and wheat (TR) in batch biodigesters under mesophilic conditions (37⁰C) for 40 days. As microbial inoculum, sewage treatment sludge was used in two inoculum/substrate ratios (ISR of 1 and 2). In terms of methane production, the best results occurred in the treatments that contained AM and QU as co-substrate and an ISR of 2. Thus, the highest methane production occurred in the CY:AM biodigesters (25:75) and CY:QU (25:75) with 341.86 mlCH4/g VS and 341.05 mlCH4/g VS, respectively. On the other hand, the results showed that methane production with an ISR of 2 was more feasible for guinea pig waste, where the methane fraction of the biogas generated was in a range of 57 and 69%. The kinetics of methane production from these raw materials was studied using five kinetic models: modified Gompertz, logistic equation, transfer, cone, and Richards. The cone model was the one that best adjusted the experimental values ​​with those observed with an r2 of 0.999 and an RMSE of 1.16 mlCH4/g VS. Finally, the highest biodegradability was obtained in the CY-AM biodigesters (25:75) with 67.92%.
Analysis of the Fee-to-Tax Reform on Water Resources in China
Authors: Chen Zi-rui , Nie Pu-yan
Published: April 2021

Background: The Resource Tax Law has been officially implemented on September 1, 2020 in China. This law presents the “Fee-to-Tax” reform of water resources. Methods: This article compares the effects of the “Fee-to-Tax” reform under an asymmetric duopoly with perfect information. Results: First, an analysis when all firms simultaneously respond to the water resource policy is conducted. The mechanisms of the two policies are different: the water resource fee affects output by reducing market size, while the water resource tax reduces output by amplifying the weighted cost difference effects between companies. It is shown that the tax works better than the fee for eliminating backward production capacity. Then, a comparison of the situation when companies respond sequentially is carried out. When a low-cost firm is in the leading position, the collection of fees actually reduces the output difference, whereas the tax improves it. When a high-cost firm acts as a leader, the effects depend on the cost difference. When the cost difference between firms is small, the first-move advantage of high-cost firms dominates the cost advantages of low-cost firms. Therefore, a higher tax rate yields a smaller output difference. Conclusions: When cost differences are relatively larger, the cost advantage of low-cost firms dominates the first-move advantage of high-cost firms. Therefore, the “Fee-to-Tax” reform provides some benefits to maintain the environmental development of some water-mining or related industries.
Operational vibration of a waterjet focuser as means for monitoring its wear progression
Authors: Copertaro Edoardo , Perotti Francesco , Annoni Massimiliano
Published: April 2021

Abrasive waterjet cutting is a competitive manufacturing technology in the aerospace, defense and automotive industries. End-user requirements are currently pushing machine builders to improve the automation of their processes, in an effort to reduce costs and downtimes, as well as increase robustness and stability. On this regard, the waterjet focuser is a critical component, as its fast wear progression requires constant human supervision, for promptly detecting detrimental effects on the cutting performance. This paper describes an innovative approach for in-line monitoring the wear progression of a waterjet focuser, by means of an accelerometer installed on its tip. This result is allowed by two separate studies of the focuser, of which the first investigates the sensitivity of its first mode frequency to the wear progression, whilst the second demonstrates the possibility of tracking said frequency from the in-line vibration signal delivered by the accelerometer, during operation. The presented setup makes use of low-cost sensing hardware that can be easily retrofitted into the design of waterjet focusers. The information delivered is expected to tackle end-user requirements for improved process automation.
Evaluation of ecological risk, source and spatial distribution of some heavy metals in marine sediments in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey
Authors: Apaydın Aylin , Kabaoğlu Hatice , Apaydın Gökhan , Şirin Murat , Cengiz Erhan , Köksal Oğuz Kağan , Baltaş Hasan , Tıraşoğlu Engin
Published: April 2021

In the present study, the concentration levels of heavy metals such as Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb in sediment samples collected from 16 sampling locations in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea regions, Turkey was measured using energy dispersive X–ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF). Various pollution parameters and methods, such as the enrichment factor (EF), geo–accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk index (RI), and geo–spatial distribution patterns were used to assess in detail the pollution status, ecological risks and sources of metals in sediment. The mean concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb were found to be 565.38, 46,000, 34.38, 104.06, 109.88, 87.31, and 32.31 mg/kg, respectively. Results showed that the mean concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb exceeded the crustal shale value, with the exception of Mn, Fe, Ni and Cr. According to the calculated pollution parameters, although minimal or moderate pollution was detected in the area investigated, it was determined that there was a very low ecological risk. Multivariate statistical analysis results showed that Cu, Zn, and Pb levels in the investigated region were slightly influenced by anthropogenic inputs such as mining and agricultural practices. In addition, the geo–spatial distributions of Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb were found to be higher in this region due to the mining activities carried out in the Eastern Black Sea region.
Climatology and Trend of Tropical Cloud Cover Using Gridded Satellite (GridSat) Data
Authors: M Muhsin
Published: April 2021

Climatology and trend of different types of clouds over the tropics are studied using 22 year long (1998-2019) Gridded Satellite (GridSat) data. Brightness temperature in window and water vapor channel is used as the proxy for the cloud top altitude. Threshold and bispectral methods are used to classify clouds depending on their cloud top altitude. Clouds are classified into Low level clouds, Mid level clouds, Deep clouds, Very Deep clouds (VDC), and Semi Transparent Cirrus (STC) clouds. Climatology of the spatial distribution of each cloud type over the tropics is examined.Tropical mean of occurrence of different cloud types show a steady declining trend with a value of -0.18% /decade, -0.06% /decade, -2.12% /decade, -2.29% /decade for mid level clouds, deep clouds, STC, total clouds respectively. Low level cloud shows a steady increasing trend of 0.08% /decade. Interestingly, VDC shows a steady declining trend up to 2011, and thereafter it shows a significant increasing trend of 0.1% /decade. Though the spatial distribution of total cloud cover generally shows a negative trend, the Western equatorial Pacific Ocean, Indian subcontinent, Indian Ocean, and Saharan desert region show a positive trend. Though low level clouds show an increasing trend, the regions of abundant low clouds show a negative trend. VDC show a declining trend over the western Pacific region, whereas other prominent VDC regions show a positive trend.
Security management in smart home environment
Authors: Gladence Mary , V Maria Anu , S Revathy , P Jeyanthi
Published: April 2021

A Smart Home Environment (SHE) comprises various luxurious things which makes us very comfortable to live our lives happily and securely. The only problem that smart homes are facing is “SECURITY”. Security for smart homes is the biggest task to achieve. For this purpose, this work is to build a product that provides the security for the smart homes automatically when the crime is going to happen. In general case, if any crime had taken place in any smart home, the general procedure of investigation will take place i.e. the people will complain to the police and the police will visit the place and after that he will observe the surroundings clearly. In order to pull up the clues if any, he will watch the CCTV footage, consult the nearby people in-order to draw some facts and then FIR will be filed. In order to get rid of this time-consuming process, the automatic crime detection is proposed. Here malware practices are identified, when a person attempts crime activity. This type of automatic process of detection of crime will ensure a complete security for the smart homes. We will track the CCTV camera pictures when the thief is trying to commit a crime and the information along with the pictures will be sent to the fog server and the fog server will analyze whether the person is doing crime or not. In case if a fog server had identified the person as a crime person or a thief then it automatically sends the information to the near- by police station and as well as owners of the house and then provides security for the smart homes