bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climats régionaux et régionalisation du climat
Authors: Li Laurent , Dubos Thomas , Polcher Jan , Chéruy Frédérique , Vignon Etienne , Hourdin Frédéric , Mailler Sylvain , Pennel Romain , Kieoas Patryk , Idelkadi Abderrahmane , Sima Adriana , Fairhead Laurent , Musat Ionela , Mellul Lidia , Drobinski Philippe
Published: February 2025

Une très grande variété de climats existe sur la Terre et des méthodes dédiées sont nécessaires pour comprendre leur variabilité et évolution dans un contexte de réchauffement climatique global. Au LMD, sont développées des approches numériques pour étudier les climats régionaux. Il s’agit historiquement du modèle global zoomé LMDZ et plus récemment du modèle régional du système Terre Reg-IPSL. Ces modèles ont permis l’étude de climats de nombreuses régions du globe, telles que l’Afrique de l’Ouest, la Méditerranée, l’Amérique du Sud, l’Asie, l’Antarctique et bien d’autres. Seules les études sur la région Méditerranée ont appliqué et comparé toutes les méthodes de régionalisation développées au laboratoire et sont développées dans cet article.
L'ordinateur vectoriel Cray-1 et la création du Centre de calcul vectoriel pour la recherche (C2VR)
Authors: Farge Marie
Published: February 2025

Cet article montre comment le calcul numérique intensif s'est développé grâce à l'invention de l'ordinateur vectoriel Cray-1 par Seymour Cray et sa mise en service au Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) en 1976. La première partie décrit la spécificité de l'architecture vectorielle et présente les tests du premier Cray-1 qui fut installé en France en 1981. La seconde partie explique comment les chercheurs du Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD) avaient accès au Cray-1 de l’European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), le premier disponible en Europe dès 1978. La troisième partie raconte le rôle essentiel qu’a joué le directeur du LMD, André Berroir, depuis la constitution d'un Groupement d'Intérêt Economique (GIE) en 1981 qui réunissait huit institutions publiques pour acheter en commun un Cray-1, puis la création du Centre de Calcul Vectoriel pour la Recherche (C2VR) sur le campus de l'École Polytechnique à Palaiseau, jusqu’à son inauguration en 1984. Le C2VR fut conçu comme une infrastructure au service de la recherche dans le but d’offrir aux chercheurs du temps de calcul gratuit après évaluation, non seulement de la pertinence scientifique des projets qui lui étaient soumis, mais aussi de la qualité des codes utilisés pour les expériences numériques effectuées grâce au Cray-1.
Le lidar pour explorer l’atmosphère terrestre
Authors: Gibert Fabien
Published: February 2025

L’exploration de l’atmosphère par lidar a commencé il y a maintenant 40 ans au LMD. L’observation lidar à partir de l’espace comme frontière ultime a motivé le développement de briques technologiques et d’instruments innovants sol et aéroporté ainsi que le traitement de signal nécessaires pour obtenir des données 4-D de plus en plus précises et exactes sur l’atmosphère (les aérosols, les nuages, la température, la dynamique et la concentration des principaux gaz à effet de serre H2O, CO2 et CH4) et la surface (fluorescence et structure de la canopée). Le LMD a notamment participé à la construction des missions Lidar spatiales d’observation de la Terre Calipso (NASA-CNES), ADM-Aeolus (ESA), EarthCARE (ESA-JAXA) et MERLIN (CNES-DLR).
Le sondage atmosphérique à haute résolution spectrale dans l’infrarouge pour l’analyse des variables climatiques essentielles
Authors: Crevoisier Cyril , Armante Raymond , Capelle Virginie , Delahaye Thibault , Meilhac Nicolas , Pernin Jérôme , Stubenrauch Claudia
Published: February 2025

L’étude de l’atmosphère terrestre par télédétection spatiale dans l’infrarouge constitue une activité importante du Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique depuis sa création. L’équipe ABC(t) qui étudie l’Atmosphère, de la Biosphère et le Climat par télédétection est reconnue internationalement pour la conception, l’exploitation et la validation de nombreuses missions spatiales basés sur l’analyse du rayonnement atmosphérique émis et diffusé par l’atmosphère et la surface terrestre dans l’infrarouge. Les applications scientifiques sont innombrables et se concentrent sur l’étude et le suivi des variables climatiques essentielles pour l’atmosphère et du bilan radiatif de la planète. Forte de cette expertise, l’équipe participe activement aux diverses missions spatiales qui ont jalonné l’étude de l’atmosphère ces dernières décennies, en lien très fort avec les agences spatiales nationale et européennes.
Introduction - Jacques Roger et l’histoire de la pensée scientifique
Authors: Méthot Pierre-Olivier , Ferraro Angela
Published: February 2025

Ce dossier des Cahiers François Viète fait suite à une table ronde intitulée « Jacques Roger et l’histoire de la pensée scientifique » organisée le 10 mai 2022 à l’occasion du Congrès annuel de la Société de philosophie du Québec (SPQ). Le présent volume se propose d’interroger la méthode de travail et la diversité des objets d’études de Jacques Roger (1920-1990). Ce faisant, il contribue à combler une lacune majeure dans la littérature secondaire, en proposant une première étude d’ensemble consacrée à l’œuvre et au legs du dix-huitièmiste. Développant quelques propositions formulées par des chercheurs proches de Roger, ce numéro ouvre de nouveaux chemins d’enquête et contribue ce faisant à la reconstitution du panorama intellectuel de l’histoire et de la philosophie des sciences en France dans la seconde moitié du xxe siècle.
Sur l’intérêt de Roger pour Malebranche. De la littérature à l’histoire des sciences
Authors: Ferraro Angela
Published: February 2025

Nous nous proposons d’explorer le lien qui existe entre la formation littéraire de Jacques Roger et sa carrière d’historien des sciences de la vie. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous nous pencherons sur les pages qu’il a consacrées à Nicolas Malebranche, notamment dans son article « L’expression littéraire chez Malebranche » (1967) et dans son célèbre ouvrage Les sciences de la vie dans la pensée française au xviiie siècle (1963). À la fois maître de style et savant de premier ordre, l’oratorien réunit dans son profil intellectuel deux des principaux objets d’intérêt de Roger. Y a-t-il de bonnes raisons de supposer que ce dernier entretint un rapport privilégié avec l’œuvre malebranchiste ? Dans cette contribution, nous essayerons de donner une réponse à cette interrogation.
Detenerse a observar: el uso de la descripción en Las voces de Adriana de Elvira Navarro
Authors: Cascales Basilio Pujante
Published: February 2025

En la segunda parte de la novela Las voces de Adriana (2023) de Elvira Navarro, titulada “La casa”, la trama prácticamente no avanza y la narradora opta por realizar una descripción detallada del hogar de la familia materna de la protagonista. Durante estas páginas se realiza una topografía minuciosa de los lugares más significativos de la casa. Aunque en este artículo nos ocuparemos de todo el libro, será esta sección la que centrará nuestra atención para observar los mecanismos descriptivos que emplea Navarro en una sección que funciona como gozne y eje de la novela.
Elogio de lo viviente en la cuentística de Alejandra Kamiya
Authors: Waldegaray Marta
Published: February 2025

El universo ficcional de Alejandra Kamiya se desprende de los grandes acontecimientos prefiriendo hacer pie en la densidad temporal de lo existente. Explorando la intimidad personal, familiar u hogareña, su escritura ralentiza el ritmo narrativo de sus historias en la medida en que instala una problemática filosófico-existencial en torno a temas como la transmisión cultural, la espera, el tiempo que no pasa, la circularidad temporal, la noción de un continuum existencial, o bien la perdurabilidad de lo que podría ser entendido como las materialidades modestas del mundo. Esta constelación temática da cabida a la repetición y a la analogía como recursos predominantes de su escritura. El artículo propone una lectura de los principales motivos temáticos del universo ficcional de esta autora argentina privilegiando dos de sus antologías: El sol mueve la sombra de las hojas quietas (2019) y La paciencia del agua sobre cada piedra (2023). Examina cómo la temporalidad, la desaceleración de la narración, la naturaleza, las entidades vivas y la analogía se entrelazan para construir un paisaje literario único en el contexto de la literatura argentina.
El duelo en observación: análisis de las temporalidades y resonancias en Labor de duelo (2022), de María Paulina Briones
Authors: Araújo-Nieto Leira
Published: February 2025

Este artículo se propone evidenciar cómo en Labor de duelo, de la ecuatoriana María Paulina Briones, el uso de un tiempo ralentizado permite a la voz poética transitar el duelo por la pérdida de su abuelo y resonar con el medio que la rodea. En este poemario, el sujeto poético emprende un viaje que atraviesa distintas décadas y geografías que le permite reelaborar la figura del héroe, adquiriendo características de personajes míticos asociados al tejido y la espera. Briones delimita los espacios empleando elementos de fauna y flora tropical para situar a la voz poética y revelar la historia familiar.
A Comparative Study of Out-Patient Department (OPD) Dental Clinic Statistics before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dhanapriyanka M. , Jayasekara N. K. , Jayasekara P.
Published: February 2025

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has substantially impacted global healthcare service utilization, including oral healthcare.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the variations in outpatient department (OPD) dental clinic utilization across Sri Lanka before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, using pre-pandemic data from to 2018-2019 and during the pandemic data from to 2020-2021.Methods: Data were retrospectively extracted from national OPD dental clinic records maintained by the Research and Surveillance Unit of the Institute of Oral Health, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka. Key variables included basic services provided, patient attendance, and specific demographics, such as pregnant mothers, children under three, and adolescents. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS (v28). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to statistically compare service utilization before and during the pandemic.Results: The number of patients treated per dental surgeon per month increased from 306 in 2018 to 340 in 2019, then declined significantly to 219 in 2020, and further to 166 in 2021 (p < 0.05). Consistent reductions were noted across all treatment categories, except for oral facial pain management, which showed a relatively minor decrease. The detection rates of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) per dental surgeon fell sharply from 59 in 2018 to 34 in 2021.Conclusion: COVID-19 has resulted in a marked decline in public OPD dental service utilization, emphasizing the need for strategic interventions to bridge service gaps, enhance preventive care access, and promote early detection of OPMDs. Enhanced support for vulnerable populations, such as children and pregnant mothers, is recommended along with capacity-building initiatives for dental professionals.
Paediatric Medicine Trough at Ancient Mihintale Hospital
Authors: De Alwis Chandima Devapriya
Published: February 2025

No abstract available
Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Abilities: A Study of Undergraduates
Authors: Wijayasinghe H. M. , Liyanage Esther
Published: February 2025

Background: In higher education, the correlation between academic performance and cognitive abilities is well established. Physical Exercise (PE) plays a crucial role in enhancing academic achievements. However, the de-cline in Physical Activity (PA) among university students poses concerns regarding cognitive development and academic success. General Objective: The present study aimed to determine the impact of a 6-week physical exercise program on cognitive domains and handgrip strength among undergraduate students at the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences.Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted with a sample of 74 undergraduates from the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences at the University of Peradeniya, who were randomly assigned to exercise and control groups (37 per group). Information on demographic data, cognitive abilities assessed via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and hand grip strength measurements was gathered before and after the 6-week strengthening ex-ercise program. Rigorous statistical analyses, including the paired and independent sample t-tests, were used to compare pre- and post-exercise measurements and between-group comparisons, respectively. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.Results: Significant improvements were observed in the dominant and non-dominant grip strengths of the ex-ercise groups. Noteworthy gains were evident in executive functioning, naming ability, language skills, delayed recall, and orientation. Conversely, the control group exhibited minimal changes, with slight improvements in delayed recall and total cognitive scores. Conclusion: The exercise intervention led to substantial improvements in handgrip strength and various cognitive domains, notably executive function, naming abilities, language skills, delayed recall, and orientation, within the exercise group. By contrast, the control group displayed limited changes, emphasizing the efficacy of the exercise program. These outcomes emphasize the importance of structured exercise for enhancing the cognitive health of university students.
Analysis of Aedes Mosquito Ovitrap Surveillance Data and Reported Dengue Cases in Selected High-Risk Localities in the Kegalle District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Wickramasinghe T. K. C. , Weerakoon S. N. , Ranathunga T. , Perera A. , Bandara A. S. J.
Published: February 2025

Background: The primary and secondary vectors for dengue, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus and Aedes albopictus Skuse, necessitate rigorous vector surveillance to understand real-time vector population dynamics. While larval surveys are commonly employed, they alone do not adequately predict the risk of dengue transmission. The ovitrap survey is a useful technique that has demonstrated effectiveness in dengue control programs as a sur-veillance component; however, it is underutilized in dengue risk determination. Hence, it is crucial to assess their use in monitoring disease morbidity and forecasting dengue risk to prevent epidemics in dengue risk localities. General Objective: This study evaluated Aedes ovitap surveillance data with disease surveillance data to assess the dengue transmission risk in selected localities in the Kegalle district.Methods: Ovitrap surveillance was conducted monthly, from January 2023 to December 2023, in three high-risk localities in selected high-risk Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas, namely, Mawanella, Dehiovita, and Warakapola. In each locality, a total of 100 stranded ovitraps were placed, 50 indoors and 50 outdoors, collect-ed after five days, and examined for emerging larvae. Confirmed dengue case data were obtained from the web-based disease surveillance system, DENSYS, of the Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka. The Mean Egg Cup Density (MECD), Egg Hatched Rate (EHR), and Larval Count (LC) of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus indoors and outdoors was measured for each MOH area. Their combined effects were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM) ANOVA. The correlations between dengue cases and MECD, EHR, and LC for both mosquito species were tested using Spearman’s rank correlation.Results: Significant differences in MECD were observed between months (P=0.006), MOH (P<0.05), and Trap Placement (TP) (P=0.05). For MECD, there were significant influences from the com-bined effects of month*MOH (P<0.05) and MOH *TP (P=0.05). LC was also significantly affect-ed by MOH (P<0.05), mosquito species (P<0.05), and the interaction of TP with mosquito species (P<0.05 The mean number of dengue cases showed significant correlations with the MECD (P=0.020 and LC of Ae. albopictus (P=0.011), Indoor EHR (P=0.013), and Outdoor EHR (P = 0.017).  Conclusion: The positive relationship between the outcome of the ovitrap surveillance data and the dengue case data highlights the importance of integrating both datasets to monitor dengue morbidity and Aedes populations as well as to effectively forecast dengue epidemics in dengue high-risk localities.
Digital Pathology: Transitioning from Conventional Method to a Data-Driven Future
Authors: Nanayakkara N. G. P. M. , Rahumath M. C. R.
Published: February 2025

According to The Royal College of Pathologists, “digital pathology encompasses the acquisition, management, sharing, and interpretation of pathology information—such as slides and data—within a digital framework.” While all aspects of clinical pathology, including histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular techniques, can be presented to pathologists after digitization, the college emphasizes that applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare should be clinically directed with expert input. In the context of this interesting and rapidly evolving field, this article examines the historical development, current workflow, and future potential of digital pathology in a data-driven era and highlights important considerations for integrating digital pathology into established con-ventional settings in Sri Lanka.
The role of genetics in the prognosis of acute myocarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tomás Maria João , Pinho Ana Isabel , Sousa Pinto Bernardo , Martins Elisabete
Published: February 2025

Myocarditis is a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical presentations, etiologies, and courses. Apart from environmental factors, genetic factors may also play a role in its pathophysiology. Through a systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to characterize the relationship between acute myocarditis (AM), underlying genetic background, and prognosis. We searched on MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science for studies reporting clinical outcomes of patients presenting with AM and undergoing genetic testing. The prevalence of a positive genetic test result was 27.3%, with a higher proportion of males (61.3%). Patients with a positive genetic test often had a family history of cardiovascular events (53.3%) and late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance (81.2%), suggesting that these clinical features may represent a population with a higher burden of genetic background and risk for worse outcomes. The risk of recurrence of AM among patients with a positive genetic test was four times greater than among non-carriers (RR=4.02, p<0.001), and the most frequently observed variants among AM carriers were in the TTN, DSP, PKP2, MYH7, BAG3, RMB20, DSG2, TNNT2, and SCN5A genes. Overall, these findings underscore the need to improve the criteria used for genetic testing in the setting of AM episodes and to identify affected individuals who may benefit from increased surveillance and genetic testing.
Optimization of Reconstruction Parameters for Discovery 710 Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
Authors: Mohymen Ahmed Abdel , Farag Hamed Ibrahim , Reda Sameh M. , Monem Ahmed Soltan , Ali Said Abdelfattah
Published: February 2025

Aim:

This study aimed to optimize the quantitative aspects of (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging by investigating the impact of various reconstruction parameters on the recovery coefficients (RCs) using the NEMA image quality phantom. Specifically, the study aims to assess how different matrix sizes, iterations, subsets, and Gaussian postfilters affect the accuracy of standardized uptake value (SUV) quantification in (18F) FDG PET/CT imaging.

Materials and Methods:

The study utilized the “Vue Point FX + Sharp IR” algorithm for PET image reconstruction, incorporating 3D-ordered subset expectation maximization (3D-OSEM), time-of-flight, and point spread function technologies. Various reconstruction parameters were explored, including two distinct matrix sizes, multiple iterations, subsets, and a wide range of Gaussian postfilters. The investigation focused on the impact of these parameters on RCs using the NEMA image quality phantom.

Results:

The results of the study indicated that for accurate SUV quantification in spheres ≥17 mm, the 256 × 256 matrix size and mean SUV should be employed. Conversely, for spheres ≤13 mm, maximum SUV was found to be more suitable. The choice of postfiltering value was shown to have a significant impact on SUV quantification accuracy, particularly for small-sized spheres. In addition, a larger matrix size was found to partially mitigate the effects of Gibbs artifact and slightly enhance SUV quantification for the spheres of various sizes.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the critical importance of optimizing PET reconstruction parameters in accordance with the guidelines set by European Association of Nuclear Medicine/EARL. By optimizing these parameters, the accuracy and reliability of SUV quantification in (18F) FDG PET imaging can be significantly enhanced, especially for small-sized spheres. This underscores the necessity of carefully considering reconstruction parameters to ensure precise and reliable quantitative measurements in PET/CT imaging.
Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Effect of Ellagic Acid on Osseointegration Around Dental Implants: An Original Research
Authors: Mehjubah  , Chaitanya Ghanta , Tabasum Syeda Tawkhira , Krishna Tupili Murali , Kolte Deepak , Wagh Ashvin , Tiwari Rahul
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To evaluate the clinical and radiographic effects of ellagic acid on osseointegration around dental implants.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 60 patients, aged between 25 and 55 years, requiring dental implants, were designated for the study. They were randomly divided into two sects: The experimental group (30 patients) received dental implants with ellagic acid, and the control group (30 patients) received dental implants without ellagic acid. The peri-implant pocket depth, implant stability, and gingival index were recorded. Radiographic analysis was conducted to measure bone density and marginal bone loss around the implants at 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-implantation.

Results:

The experimental group showed significantly higher implant stability and bone density compared to the control group at all time points (P < 0.05). The peri-implant pocket depth and gingival index were lower in the experimental group, indicating better periodontal health. Radiographically, the experimental group demonstrated less marginal bone loss compared to the control group.

Conclusion:

Ellagic acid enhances osseointegration around dental implants, resulting in improved clinical outcomes and reduced marginal bone loss.
Incidence Progression and Epidemiological Study of Oral Precancerous Lesions: An Original Research
Authors: Mahapatra Monalisha , Tripathi Kaushal P. , Bhadouria Trapti S. , Rai Sathvik , Malik Aakash , Murali Sanchitha , Tiwari Heena D.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Oral precancerous lesions, such as leukoplakia and erythroplakia, are significant contributors to the global burden of oral cancer. Understanding their epidemiology, incidence, and progression is essential to early detection and prevention. In India, these lesions are prevalent due to widespread tobacco consumption and other lifestyle factors, leading to an increased risk of oral cancer development.

Methods:

A prospective observational study was conducted with 150 patients showing clinical signs of oral precancerous lesions. Three parameters were analyzed: patient demographics, lesion characteristics, and risk factor associations. Incidence and progression data were statistically analyzed using appropriate tests.

Results:

Our study identified key demographic groups at higher risk, with significant lesion progression in specific subpopulations. Statistical analysis showed strong associations between tobacco use and lesion development, consistent with previous studies.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the incidence and progression of oral precancerous lesions and their significant correlation with risk factors, emphasizing the need for early intervention strategies.
The Effect of Adjunctive Antimicrobial Therapy on the Clinical Outcomes of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kondreddy Kameswari , Mohanty Aishwarya , Desai Vishwa , Surekha Gadisetti Lakshmi , Khader Anas Abdul , Mathur Suveet , Shetty Smitha
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Nonsurgical periodontal treatment, particularly scaling and root planing (SRP), is essential for managing periodontitis. Adjunctive systemic antibiotics have been proposed to enhance the clinical outcomes of SRP, especially in advanced stages of the disease. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of adjunctive systemic antimicrobial therapy on clinical parameters, including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP).

Methods:

A systematic search of PubMed was conducted, focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) between 2010 and 2024 that evaluated the use of systemic antibiotics as an adjunct to SRP in patients with stage III/IV periodontitis. The primary outcomes assessed were changes in PPD, CAL, and BOP.

Results:

Forty-eight studies, including three recent trials, were analyzed. The combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole resulted in significant improvements in clinical outcomes, with notable reductions in PPD and CAL. Two tables summarize these findings.

Conclusion:

Systemic antibiotics, especially amoxicillin and metronidazole, significantly enhance clinical outcomes when used adjunctively with SRP. Shorter antibiotic regimens may provide similar benefits with fewer side effects.
Patient-Reported Satisfaction and Functional Outcomes with Implant-Supported Overdentures versus Conventional Complete Dentures
Authors: Rajput Mansi , Begum Khadiza , Hota Sadananda , Kumar Amit , Munde Balaji S. , Kommuri Sirisha , Abdul Hina N.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The choice between implant-supported overdentures and conventional complete dentures plays a significant role in patient satisfaction and functional outcomes. Implant-supported overdentures are increasingly used due to their stability, comfort, and improved chewing efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the differences in patient-reported satisfaction and functional outcomes between these two types of prostheses.

Methods:

A cohort of 150 edentulous patients was evaluated using either implant-supported overdentures or conventional complete dentures. Patients completed a satisfaction questionnaire, and masticatory function was assessed through standardized masticatory performance tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparative analysis.

Results:

Patients with implant-supported overdentures reported significantly higher satisfaction, particularly in comfort, stability, and chewing ability. Masticatory efficiency was also notably better in the implant group. However, conventional dentures showed adequate results in terms of cost and accessibility.

Conclusion:

Implant-supported overdentures offer superior satisfaction and functional outcomes compared to conventional complete dentures, making them a preferred option for long-term edentulous rehabilitation.
Bilateral peripheral ulcerative keratitis in a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Siddiqui Alma , Kumari Reena , Bhagat Dinesh Kumar
Published: February 2025

Peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) is characterized by epithelial destructive lesions in the perilimbal cornea causing corneal thinning. It is an inflammatory condition commonly associated with systemic autoimmune disorders and mainly found in middle-aged females. It is a sight threatening entity with potential for severe visual impairment or loss of eye. Recognition of ocular manifestations of PUK is essential especially in the younger age group, as it is difficult to diagnose in a child. We present a unique case of a 13-year-old girl with bilateral PUK and later diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. She was started on methotrexate tablets to control the systemic disease and advised continuation of topical cyclosporine eye drops.
Vision loss following orbital cellulitis complicated by acute dacryocystitis: Report of a rare case with review of literature
Authors: Alam Md. Shahid , Paul Pragati , Sharma Survee , Desai Janhavi
Published: February 2025

A 59-year-old diabetic woman presented with acute dacryocystitis in her left eye and visual acuity of finger counting at two feet and was initially treated with topical and systemic antibiotics. However, her condition deteriorated, leading to left orbital cellulitis and a significant reduction in vision, with no perception of light. Prompt drainage of the lacrimal abscess was performed, and she was administered parenteral antibiotics. The patient showed clinical improvement and subsequently underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy after the acute infection had subsided. Unfortunately, her visual acuity did not improve significantly, with only a positive perception of light. Magnetic resonance imaging during the acute phase revealed optic nerve enhancement and focal signal changes, which persisted even after the infection had resolved. Acute dacryocystitis rarely advances to orbital cellulitis, which can result in vision loss, with only a few documented cases in literature. It is crucial to closely monitor such patients and promptly intervene with imaging and parenteral antibiotics, along with abscess drainage if indicated.
Contact lens-related keratitis due to an emerging pathogen Alcaligenes faecalis
Authors: Anitha Venugopal , Soni Avani , Ghorpade Aditya Sanjeev , Ravindran Meenakshi , Rani Uma
Published: February 2025

This case report highlights a rare case of contact lens-related keratitis (CLRK) caused by the emerging pathogen Alcaligenes faecalis, which underscores the growing diversity of microorganisms implicated in ocular infections. A 28-year-old female, who had been using yearly disposable contact lenses (CLs) for the past 8 years without prior complications, developed peripheral corneal infiltrates. The infiltrates were attributed to the chronic use of CLs. Corneal scraping and CL culture results identified A. faecalis as the causative organism, a rare and novel cause of keratitis in CL users. The patient was treated promptly with broad-spectrum topical antibiotics, leading to a full resolution of the infiltrates. This is likely the first documented case of CLRK caused by A. faecalis. While A. faecalis belongs to the Pseudomonadaceae family, it did not manifest as a typical aggressive infection, suggesting a potentially less virulent course in CLRK. This case adds to the growing awareness of nonconventional pathogens in ocular infections and highlights the importance of early detection and treatment to prevent more severe outcomes.
A 2-year longitudinal evaluation of the iStent inject® system for open-angle glaucoma in East Asian eyes
Authors: Teoh Ru Jian Jonathan , Yogesvaran Rupini , Cheng Felicia Foo Yuen , Muji Roslinah
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

The aim of the study was to assess the midterm efficacy and safety of the iStent glaucoma device in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective case series of all patients implanted with iStent inject® in OAG. Primary outcomes included intraocular pressure (IOP) and the reduction of antiglaucoma medications. Safety outcomes comprised adverse complications, additional surgeries, and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

RESULTS:

Eight eyes from eight patients were included in this series. The mean age was 56.3 ± 17.5 years. Six eyes had primary OAG and two eyes had secondary OAG. The majority of eyes (75%) had mild-to-moderate glaucoma. Five eyes underwent combined surgery, whereas the remaining three eyes underwent a standalone procedure. The mean baseline IOP was 22.9 ± 8.2 mmHg, and the mean IOP at 2 years after the procedure was 13.6 ± 2.8 mmHg. There was a 44.5% (10.2 ± 2.5 mmHg; P = 0.002) IOP reduction over 2 years. There was also a reduction in medication burden from a baseline mean of 3.4 ± 0.7 to 2.0 ± 1.2 (P = 0.17). There was no documented intraoperative adverse complication, whereas one patient required trabeculectomy post iStent for IOP control.

CONCLUSION:

iStent inject implantation safely reduced IOP and medication burden up to 24 months postoperative.
Optical coherence tomography findings in patients with diabetic macular edema: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Sivarasu Manjunathan , Madheswaran Gopinath , Balasubramaniam Saranya Sachi , Balasubramaniam Chinnasamy
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision loss in diabetic people. DME can be treated with various medications, including intravitreal injections, laser therapy, and surgery. Early detection and treatment of DME is essential to prevent vision loss. The study aimed to describe patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics with DME, optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, and visual acuity outcomes.

METHODOLOGY:

A retrospective study reviewed case records of patients with DME between 2017 and 2020. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and examination results were extracted and analyzed using Microsoft Excel (2013). All patients clinically diagnosed with DME underwent assessment by OCT examination. DME was classified based on OCT findings. Statistical significance was observed at P < 0.05.

RESULTS:

This retrospective study included 213 eyes of 134 patients, of which 77.6% were male and 22.4% were female. Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) was present in 51.64% of eyes, and PDR was present in 48.36%. Focal, diffuse, and cystoid macular edema was observed in 68, 31, and 65 eyes, respectively. Tractional macular edema was seen in 16 eyes with posterior hyaloid traction, 13 with epiretinal membrane (ERM), and one with both conditions. DME associated with subretinal fluid (SRF) detachment was seen in 8.92% of eyes. The mean (standard deviation) central retinal thickness was 284.5 (28.9), 434.0 (97.5), 426.5 (27.5), 510.5 (14.1), and 465.5 (280.7) μm in focal, diffuse, cystoid, ERM, and SRF, respectively. Increased central retinal thickness was associated with decreased visual acuity (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

The findings of this study suggest that DME is a common and visually significant complication of diabetes. The OCT findings can be used to classify DME into different subtypes, which may help to guide treatment decisions. Focal edema was the most common type of DME with the least central retinal thickness. In NPDR, focal macular edema was the most common; in PDR, cystoid edema was the most common. Cystoid edema was the most common type in the subgroup of patients with recurrent DME following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection.
Spontaneous resolution of photodynamic therapy-induced acute exudative maculopathy in a patient suffering from polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: A case report with 3-year follow-up
Authors: Rouvas Alexandros , Georgalas Ilias , Tzanidaki Malvina-Efthimia , Gouliopoulos Nikolaos
Published: February 2025

A 60-year-old woman suffering from polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) was treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT). The treatment spot was small (850 µm) and was targeted only against the lesion and not the surrounding vascular network. Three days later, she complained of severe visual impairment and the clinical examination set the diagnosis of PDT-induced acute exudative maculopathy (PAEM). Further examinations 3 days later demonstrated on the one hand that subretinal fluid had regressed, but on the other hand, it was identified that PDT possibly resulted in the activation of two other previously quiescent PCV lesions. No other treatment was applied, and the patient’s clinical status was monitored. A new evaluation after 6 weeks, revealed the complete resolution of the exudative phenomena and the significant improvement of vision. Three years later, the condition remains stable. Our report is the first in the literature to describe a case of PAEM following PDT with a small target spot (850 µm), while no other report has demonstrated that PCV-associated PAEM may resolve spontaneously without any treatment. Moreover, the application of PDT was accompanied by the activation of two previously inactive PCV lesions, an adverse effect that has not been previously described.
A density version of a theorem of Banach
Authors: Ross David A.
Published: February 2025

The S-measure construction from nonstandard analysis is used to prove an extension of a result on the intersection of sets in a finitely-additive measure space. This is then used to give a density-limit version of a representation theorem of Banach.
Isometric dilation and Sarason’s commutant lifting theorem in several variables
Authors: Das B. Krishna , Panja Samir
Published: February 2025

The article deals with isometric dilation and commutant lifting for a class of n-tuples

$(n\ge 3)$

of commuting contractions. We show that operator tuples in the class dilate to tuples of commuting isometries of BCL type. As a consequence of such an explicit dilation, we show that their von Neumann inequality holds on a one-dimensional variety of the closed unit polydisc. On the basis of such a dilation, we prove a commutant lifting theorem of Sarason’s type by establishing that every commutant can be lifted to the dilation space in a commuting and norm-preserving manner. This further leads us to find yet another class of n-tuples

$(n\ge 3)$

of commuting contractions each of which possesses isometric dilation.
Nonlinear inviscid damping for 2-D inhomogeneous incompressible Euler equations
Authors: Chen Qi , Wei Dongyi , Zhang Ping , Zhang Zhifei
Published: February 2025

We prove the asymptotic stability of shear flows close to the Couette flow for the 2-D inhomogeneous incompressible Euler equations on

\mathbb{T}\times \mathbb{R}

. More precisely, if the initial velocity is close to the Couette flow and the initial density is close to a positive constant in the Gevrey class 2, then 2-D inhomogeneous incompressible Euler equations are globally well-posed and the velocity converges strongly to a shear flow close to the Couette flow, and the vorticity will be driven to small scales by a linear evolution and weakly converges as

t\to \infty

. To our knowledge, this is the first global well-posedness result for the 2-D inhomogeneous incompressible Euler equations.
On the dynamics of quasi-periodic Schrödinger cocycles for positive measure sets of frequencies
Authors: Bjerklöv Kristian
Published: February 2025

We consider the family of one-frequency quasi-periodic Schrödinger coycles

G_{\omega,E}

, parametrized by the energy

E

. For potential functions

v(x)=\lambda v_{0}(x)

, where

v_{0}\in C^{2}(\mathbb{T},\R)

is a Morse function with finitely many critical points and

\lambda>0

is large, we show that, for any value of

E\in\R

and for any phase

x^{*}\in\mathbb{T}

such that

|v_{0}(x^{*})-E/\lambda|

is not too small, there exists a set of frequencies

\Omega=\Omega(E,x^{*})

of positive measure such that the following hold: (1) for every

\omega\in\Omega

, the upper Lyapunov exponent of the cocycle

G_{\omega,E}

is

\gtrsim \log\lambda

and

x^{*}

is (essentially) a typical point in Oseledets’ theorem; (2) either

G_{\omega,E}

is uniformly hyperbolic, or there exists a phase

x_{0}\in \mathbb{T}

such that

E

is an eigenvalue of the corresponding discrete Schrödinger operator 

H_{x_0,\omega}

.
Entomological Profiles of Households in Plasmodium falciparum Case Foci and Comparison Areas in Grand’Anse, Haiti
Authors: Joseph Vena , Sutcliffe Alice , Leite Laura , Czeher Cyrille , Druetz Thomas , Rogier Eric , Eisele Thomas P. , Lemoine Jean Frantz , Chang Michelle , Impoinvil Daniel , Ashton Ruth A.
Published: February 2025

Hispaniola, which is shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic, remains the last island in the Caribbean that is still endemic for malaria, with Haiti bearing the highest caseload. Few studies have examined the ecology of malaria vectors in Haiti. Five species of Anopheles have been described on the island, but the exophilic Anopheles albimanus (An. albimanus) is considered the primary vector of malaria in Haiti. Households recruited for a case–control study profiling risk factors for symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) infections were approached to participate in an entomological study. The goal was to determine the bionomics of anopheline mosquitoes around the 32 participating households across varying malaria transmission settings. We assessed the characteristics of the Anopheles population using ultraviolet-light traps and larval surveys. Anopheles albimanus was the most abundant mosquito species identified in the Grand’Anse. Its abundance was higher in outdoor traps than in indoor traps and in areas with relatively high positivity based on rapid diagnostic test results. A greater proportion of blood-fed mosquitoes were found in higher transmission areas. Anopheles albimanus samples were found to be infected with both P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax sporozoites. As Haiti aims for the elimination of malaria, disrupting localized residual malaria transmission will increasingly rely on focal vector control strategies.
Rotavirus Infection in Children Suffering from Diarrhea in Patna, Bihar Region, India: A Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Jindal Neetesh , Kumar Ashish , Bhat Ashiq Hussain , Madhukar Major , Topno Roshan Kamal , Pandey Krishna , Sahoo Ganesh Chandra
Published: February 2025

Rotavirus (RV) is a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children, often resulting in dehydration and hospitalization. Although global data on RV is well-documented, there is limited information on its prevalence and genetic diversity in Bihar, India. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of RV infections in the patient, from January 2021 to June 2024, and assess the associated molecular and epidemiological patterns. In this retrospective study conducted at the Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, 1,820 stool samples from patients suspected of RV infection were collected. Enzyme immunoassays were used to detect RV antigens, and positive samples were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting the VP4, VP6, and VP7 genes. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to examine genetic diversity. Results showed a 10% positivity rate for RV, with 5% showing equivocal results. The highest prevalence was in the 6–11 years age group (72 positive cases), followed by the 0–5 years group (62 positive cases). Prevalence decreased in older age groups, suggesting immunity through natural infection or vaccination. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct regional clusters and genetic variability between strains from Bihar and other parts of India, such as New Delhi and Kolkata. This study provides valuable baseline data on RV prevalence and genetic diversity in Bihar, emphasizing the need for vaccination and surveillance, particularly for younger children at higher risk. The observed genetic diversity suggests regional variations, highlighting the importance of continuous surveillance across India.
Cardiopulmonary Echinococcus Infection
Authors: Almaazmi Naama A. R. , Alshebli Zainab , Alneyadi Nour , AlAmri Abdulla S. , Ahmad Amna Z. , AlHammadi Ahmed A. K.
Published: February 2025

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus, primarily affects the liver and lungs. However, cardiac involvement is uncommon. This case report presents an unusual instance of heart involvement in a patient with CE. A 28-year-old man from India presented with a persistent cough and hemoptysis. Imaging revealed bilateral lung lesions along with cystic lesions in his right ventricle. The echinococcal serology result was positive, and a surgical biopsy from the lung demonstrated necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with laminated eosinophilic material, consistent with echinococcosis. This case highlights the possibility of cardiac involvement in CE and the challenges associated with its diagnosis and management.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Powder-Mixed Electro-Discharge
Machining of Tool Steel Using Advanced Algorithm
Authors: Sonawane Gaurav Dinkar , Sulakhe Vishal , Dalu Rajendra , Kaware Kiran , Motwani Amit
Published: February 2025

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) technology is one of the unconventional
machining processes with an ability to machine intricate geometrics with micro
finishing. Powder-mixed EDM (PMEDM) extends the EDM process by adding conductive
powder to the dielectric fluid to improve performance. This set of experiments
summarizes the effect of brass and copper electrode on HcHcr D2 tool steel in
chromium powder-mixed dielectric fluid. Powder concentration (PC), peak current
(I), and pulse on-time (Ton) are considered as variable process
parameters. General full factorial design of experiment (DOE) and ANOVA has been
used to plan and analyze the experiments where powder concentration is observed
as the most significant process parameter. The results also reveal that a brass
electrode offers a high material removal rate (MRR). Whereas, the copper
electrode has reported noteworthy improvement in surface roughness (Ra).
Moreover, teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm has been used to
optimize the developed multi-objective function assisted by the regression
equations.
Cryptographic Method for Secure Object Segmentation for Autonomous
Driving Perception Systems
Authors: Prashanth K.Y. , Rohitha U.M.
Published: February 2025

The modern-day vehicle’s driverless or driver-assisted systems are developed by
sensing the surroundings using a combination of camera, lidar, and other related
sensors by forming an accurate perception of the driving environment. Machine
learning algorithms help in forming perception and perform planning and control
of the vehicle. The control of the vehicle which reflects safety depends on the
accurate understanding of the surroundings by the trained machine learning
models by subdividing a camera image fed into multiple segments or objects. The
semantic segmentation system comes with the objective of assigning predefined
class labels such as tree, road, and the like to each pixel of an image. Any
security attacks on pixel classification nodes of the segmentation systems based
on deep learning result in the failure of the driver assistance or autonomous
vehicle safety functionalities due to a falsely formed perception. The security
compromisations on the pixel classification head of the object segmentation
systems result in falsely segmented pixels from the incoming camera images by
corrupted pixel labels with wrong object classes for the pixels. The popular
encoder–decoder-based deep learning object segmentation network is considered,
which is vulnerable to these attacks in its last fully connected neural network
layer. Hence, the cryptographic solution mechanism is proposed here, where the
pixel classes are encrypted and signed in the classification network nodes
before applying the activation functions. RSA-512 algorithm-based encryption and
DSA-512 algorithm-based digital signature are used to generate the proposed
cryptographic components. The added cryptographic components are verified upon
segmenting the objects to ensure the segmented object information is free from
described security attacks. The performance of the proposed cryptographic secure
object segmentation is evaluated for the popular segmentation network called
U-Net for the Cityscapes segmentation dataset with the proposed cryptographic
algorithms. The performance evaluation indicates that the secure semantic
segmentation is performed with satisfactory precision, recall, and F1 scores of
0.86, 0.85, and 0.85, respectively, along with the added security
components.