bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overview of Systematic Reviews of ICIs in NSCLC With EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and RET Actionable Driver Mutations
Authors: Najeeb Shariq , Abdelrazeq Said Yousef , Kelly Shannon E. , Wang Xiaoqin , Skidmore Becky , Nahar Nazmun , Brouwers Melissa , Wells George A.
Published: November 2024

The effectiveness and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced or metastatic non–small cell lung cancer with EGFR, ALK, ROS1, or RET actionable driver mutations or chromosomal rearrangements is currently uncertain.
We assessed the efficacy and safety of ICIs in patients with this condition whose disease did not respond well to previous chemotherapy.
We reviewed 13 systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The quality assessment of these reviews revealed critical methodological flaws.
All 13 systematic reviews focused on survival and progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with non–small cell lung cancer and EGFR gene mutations. The systematic reviews generally considered the same set of 4 clinical trials and did not report on other outcomes or patient groups, except for 1 review that looked at patients with different levels of anti-PD-L1 expression.
We found no evidence on the efficacy and safety of ICIs in patients with ALK, ROS1, or RET mutations.
Overall, the systematic reviews concluded that using ICIs alone, as a second-line therapy or beyond, does not significantly improve overall survival (OS) and PFS compared to chemotherapy in patients with non–small cell lung cancer with EGFR gene mutations.
No conclusions can be made regarding the benefits of ICIs in patients with EGFR mutations based on histology or high antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 antibody expression levels.
The safety of ICIs in patients with EGFR, ALK, ROS1, or RET actionable driver mutations could not be assessed because of the lack of evidence provided in the included systematic reviews.
The Effects of Oil and Non-Oil Export Revenue on Income Inequality in Angola
Authors: Abílio Belizário João
Published: November 2024

This study examines the impact of oil and non-oil export revenue on income inequality in Angola from 1995 to 2023, aiming to contribute to the existing discourse surrounding the empirical effects of these revenue streams on income disparity within the Angolan context. Our contribution is twofold. First, there is a notable scarcity of empirical studies addressing this issue within the Angolan economy; the prevailing literature often relies on aggregated or grouped data. Second, this research pioneers the application of the Palma Ratio as a metric to assess the relationship between natural resource revenues and income inequality in Angola. To ensure the reliability and validity of our econometric analysis, we conducted rigorous pre- and post-estimation tests. This research employs a quantitative correlational design to ascertain the existence and nature of the relationship between revenues from oil and non-oil exports and income inequality in Angola. A comprehensive statistical and econometric analysis was performed utilizing data from national sources, including the National Bank of Angola, and international databases, such as the World Bank. Employing the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, our findings reveal that oil export revenues significantly exacerbate the income inequality gap between the wealthiest and the poorest segments of the population. In contrast, non-oil export revenues are found to mitigate this disparity. Based on the empirical evidence presented, this study advocates for the allocation of a portion of oil revenues towards social programs, particularly in health care and education subsidies, to promote a more equitable income distribution and enhance social welfare in Angola.
OSTEOSSÍNTESE DE FÊMUR EM CÃO: UM RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Nunes Roberta Nóbrega , Silva Lilian Barbosa da
Published: November 2024

Dentre os canídeos, os cães se destacam como aqueles com inserção completa no cotidiano humano. Em vista disso, a prática clínica veterinária lida frequentemente com afecções nesta espécie, em especial àquelas atinentes aos quadros ortopédicos, uma vez que as fraturas representam boa parte dos trabalhos cirúrgicos nos ambulatórios especializados em pequenos animais. No caso clínico serão delineados os aspectos de uma osteossíntese femoral realizada em um cão sem raça definida (SRD), no qual serão evidenciadas as minúcias do procedimento, destacando o laudo radiográfico, bioquímico e anamnésico do paciente, o protocolo anestésico, o método cirúrgico, intervenção medicamentosa e acompanhamento pós-operatório. O objetivo deste relato é investigar o procedimento e a efetividade da osteossíntese como técnica hábil à síntese óssea. O método cirúrgico aplicado ao caso estudado mostrou-se satisfatório no alinhamento e fixação do fêmur, contribuindo para o concomitante ajustamento da fratura do púbis e ísquio.
Épigénétique en écologie et évolution
Authors: Grunau Christoph , Maury Stéphane
Published: November 2024

La génétique et sa petite soeur mystérieuse, l’épigénétique, plongent leurs racines profondes dans l’histoire de la biologie. Aujourd’hui, l’épigénétique revêt une importance capitale, tant dans les sciences que dans les techniques du vivant depuis la biologie moléculaire, le diagnostic et le traitement des maladies, en passant par l’agriculture.Épigénétique en écologie et évolution retrace l’histoire du concept d’épigénétique en biologie et décrit les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués. Il examine les contributions de la discipline épigénétique émergente en écologie et évolution, tant chez les organismes animaux que végétaux, ainsi que sa représentation dans notre société.En explorant l’importance de l’épigénétique depuis la cellule jusqu’à l’organisme entier, et même jusqu’aux écosystèmes, cet ouvrage offre des réponses accessibles à un public large, depuis le citoyen curieux des sciences jusqu’aux étudiants et praticiens de la biologie. L’objectif est de permettre à chacun de développer ou renforcer une perspective critique et éclairée sur les relations complexes entre la génétique et l’épigénétique.
flat10MIP: An emissions-driven experiment to diagnose the climate response to positive, zero, and negative CO2 emissions
Authors: Sanderson Benjamin Mark , Brovkin Victor , Fisher Rosie , Hohn David , Ilyina Tatiana , Jones Chris , Koenigk Torben , Koven Charles , Li Hongmei , Lawrence David , Lawrence Peter , Liddicoat Spencer , Macdougall Andrew , Mengis Nadine , Nicholls Zebedee , O'Rourke Eleanor , Romanou Anastasia , Sandstad Marit , Schwinger Jörg , Seferian Roland , Sentman Lori , Simpson Isla , Smith Chris , Steinert Norman , Swann Abigail , Tjiputra Jerry , Ziehn Tilo
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The proportionality between global mean temperature and cumulative emissions of CO2 predicted in Earth System Models (ESMs) is the foundation of carbon budgeting frameworks. Deviations from this behavior could impact estimates of required net zero timings and negative emissions requirements to meet the Paris Agreement climate targets. However, existing ESM diagnostic experiments do not allow for direct estimation of these deviations as a function of defined emissions pathways. Here we perform a set of climate model diagnostic experiments for the assessment of Transient Climate Response to cumulative CO2 Emissions (TCRE), Zero Emissions Commitment (ZEC), and climate reversibility metrics in an emissions-driven framework. The emissions-driven experiments provide consistent independent variables simplifying simulation, analysis and interpretation with emissions rates more comparable to recent levels than existing protocols using model-specific compatible emissions from the CMIP DECK 1pctCO2 experiment, where emissions are strongly weighted towards the end of the experiment at significantly greater than present day values. A base experiment, ‘esm-flat10’, has constant emissions of CO2 of 10 GtC per year (near-present day values), and initial results show that TCRE estimated in this experiment is about 0.1 K less than that obtained using 1pctCO2. A subset of ESMs exhibit land carbon sinks which saturate during this experiment. A branch experiment, esm-flat10-zec, measures ZEC, which we find is reduced by 25–50 % compared with 1pctCO2 branch experiments. A final experiment, esm-flat10-cdr, assesses climate reversibility under negative emissions, where we find that peak warming may occur before or after net zero and residual warming after removal of all greenhouse gases is well described by ZEC in most models and that current Simple Climate Model (SCM) distributions may be over-estimate temperature reversibility compared with ESMs. We propose a set of climate diagnostic indicators to quantify various aspects of climate reversibility. These experiments were suggested as potential candidates in CMIP7 and have since been adopted as “fast track” simulations.
Seasonal effects in the application of the MOMA remote calibration tool to outdoor PM2.5 air sensors
Authors: Weissert Lena F. , Henshaw Geoff S. , Clements Andrea L. , Duvall Rachelle M. , Croghan Carry
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Air sensors are being used more frequently to measure hyper-local air quality. The PurpleAir sensor is among one of the most popular air sensors used worldwide to measure fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, there is a need to understand PurpleAir data quality especially under different environmental conditions with varying particulate matter (PM) sources and size distributions. Several correction factors have been developed to make the PurpleAir sensor data more comparable to reference monitor data. The goal of this work was to determine the performance of a remote calibration tool called MOment MAtching (MOMA) for temporally varying PM2.5 sources. MOMA performs calibrations using reference site data within 0–15 km from the sensor. Data from 20 PurpleAir sensors deployed across a network in Phoenix, Arizona from July 2019 to April 2021 were used. The results showed that the MOMA calibration tool improved the accuracy of PurpleAir sensor data across Phoenix and was comparable to the EPA correction factor with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 4.19 – 7.92 µg m-3 vs. 4.23 – 9.27 µg m-3. However, MOMA provided a better estimate of daily exceedances compared to the reference data for smoke conditions. Using speciated PM data, MOMA was able to distinguish between different PM sources such as winter wood burning, and wildfires and dust events in the summer.
The global daily High Spatial–Temporal Coverage Merged tropospheric NO2 dataset (HSTCM-NO2) from 2007 to 2022 based on OMI and GOME-2
Authors: Qin Kai , Gao Hongrui , Liu Xuancen , He Qin , Tiwari Pravash , Cohen Jason Blake
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Remote sensing based on satellites can provide long-term, consistent, and global coverage of NO2 (an important atmospheric air pollutant) as well as other trace gases. However, satellites often miss data due to factors including but not limited to clouds, surface features, and aerosols. Moreover, as one of the longest continuous observational platforms of NO2, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) has suffered from missing data over certain rows since 2007, significantly reducing its spatial coverage. This work uses the OMI-based tropospheric NO2 (OMNO2) product as well as a NO2 product from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) in combination with machine learning (eXtreme Gradient Boosting – XGBoost) and spatial interpolation (data-interpolating empirical orthogonal function – DINEOF) methods to produce the 16-year global daily High Spatial–Temporal Coverage Merged tropospheric NO2 dataset (HSTCM-NO2; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10968462; Qin et al., 2024), which increases the average global spatial coverage of NO2 from 39.5 % to 99.1 %. The HSTCM-NO2 dataset is validated using upward-looking observations of NO2 (multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy – MAX-DOAS), other satellites (the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument – TROPOMI), and reanalysis products. The comparisons show that HSTCM-NO2 maintains a good correlation with the magnitudes of other observational datasets, except for under heavily polluted conditions (> 6 × 1015 molec.cm-2). This work also introduces a new validation technique to validate coherent spatial and temporal signals (empirical orthogonal function – EOF) and confirms that HSTCM-NO2 is not only consistent with the original OMNO2 data but in some parts of the world also effectively fills in missing gaps and yields a superior result when analyzing long-range atmospheric transport of NO2. The few differences are also reported to be related to areas in which the original OMNO2 signal was very low, which has been shown elsewhere but not from this perspective, further confirming that applying a minimum cutoff to retrieved NO2 data is essential. The reconstructed data product can effectively extend the utilization value of the original OMNO2 data, and the data quality of HSTCM-NO2 can meet the needs of scientific research.
Biodegradable Substrates Derived from Chitosan Biopolymer for Organic Electronics to Address e-Waste
Authors:   , McDonald Joshua
Published: November 2024

Focusing on the area of ‘green’ electronics, this study aimed to fabricate biodegradable electrodes on chitosan-based substrates. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived majorly from seafood waste, is utilised in this study as a method of waste valorisation. Chitosan film samples prepared from Red Claw Crayfish, Rock Lobster, and Squid were characterised to discern any significant differences in their physicochemical properties. These films were then used to fabricate electrodes for electronics by employing silver nanowires and coated with a chitosan thin film for a chitosan/silver nanowire/chitosan sandwich structure.
Sustainable Projects by Local Governments in Turkey for Street Animals: An Evaluation and Forward- Looking Recommendations
Authors: Önder Deniz  , Emine Şardağı  , Gül Coşkun Değirmen
Published: November 2024

In Turkey, local governments provide services for the protection of stray animals through many different practices. The research analyses the sustainable practices and projects of local governments, which are legally considered to be the main responsible authorities, for stray animals and develops concrete policy recommendations for the future. In this context, the activities of the three largest local governments in Turkey, namely Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir, where a large part of Turkey's population lives, were analysed in detail. By applying to three major local governments from official sources, their activities for the protection of stray animals have been reached. In light of these data, very different practices and projects were encountered. Although the names of the practices and projects are different, it has been seen that the view of the problem of stray animals is the same. The research proposes an alternative application to the struggle of animals for life on the streets and the practices that support this struggle. This solution proposal is both more humane than existing projects and saves animals from the dangers on the streets. In addition, the suggestions are more sustainable than the existing projects.
Effects of Al Substitution for Fe in Na₅FeSi₄O₁₂ (5.1.8) Glasses: Structure and Crystallization
Authors: Antonio Raine , Bussey John , Dixon Wilkins Malin C.  J. , Neuville Daniel , Cormier Laurent , McCloy John
Published: November 2024

In this study, the effects of substituting Al for Fe in 5Na2O∙(Al2O3)x∙(Fe2O3)1-x∙8SiO2 glass, x=0 to 1, and Na5AlxFe1-xSi4O12 (5.1.8) crystal, were investigated using thermal analysis, Fe K-edge X-ray absorption, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Electron Probe Microanalysis. In both glass and crystallized glass, nearly all the Fe was tetrahedrally coordinated Fe3+, as expected from the high concentration of Na2O. The substitution of Al for Fe in the glasses caused the glass transition temperature to increase as polymerization increased, as evidenced by Raman, likely due to both field strength differences of Al vs Fe and a small amount of Fe2+ network modifier present with Fe. After heat treatment at 700 °C for 24 hours, the glasses had crystallized, forming Na2SiO3 and NaAlSiO4 in compositions with high Al concentrations and the 5.1.8 crystal in compositions with high Fe concentrations. Through electron microprobe, it was determined that <0.04 formula unit Al incorporated into the 5.1.8 crystal, i.e. Na5Fe0.96Al0.04Si4O12. The 5.1.8 crystal only formed when Fe concentration was higher than Al in the starting glass.
Predictive factors for coronal and sagittal graft extrusion length after using tendon autograft for medial meniscus reconstruction
Authors: Zhu Tian-Wang , Xiang Xian-Xiang , Li Chun-Hui , Li Rui-Xin , Zhang Nan
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Meniscus extrusion occurs in most elderly individuals and most patients after meniscus allograft transplantation. The risk factors and correlative factors of meniscus extrusion have been extensively studied. However, for using tendon autograft for meniscus reconstruction, both graft type and surgical method are different from those in previous studies on meniscus extrusion.

AIM

To identify predictive factors for coronal and sagittal graft extrusion length after using tendon autograft for medial meniscus reconstruction.

METHODS

Ten patients who underwent medial meniscus reconstruction with tendon autograft were selected for this retrospective observational study. The graft extrusions and potential factors were measured and correlation and regression analyses were performed to analyze their relationships.

RESULTS

The medial graft extrusion correlated with the preoperative bilateral hip-knee-ankle angle difference, preoperative Kellgren-Lawrence grade, preoperative relative joint space width, and preoperative bilateral medial edge incline angle difference. The anterior graft correlated with the anterior tunnel edge distance at 1 week after operation. The posterior graft extrusion correlated with the preoperative bilateral hip-knee-ankle angle difference, preoperative relative joint space width, and posterior tunnel edge distance at 1 week after operation. The mean graft extrusion correlated with the preoperative bilateral hip-knee-ankle angle difference and preoperative relative joint space width. The preoperative joint space width and anterior and posterior tunnel edge distance at 1 week can be used to predict the medial, anterior, posterior, and mean graft extrusion length.

CONCLUSION

The preoperative joint space width and tunnel position can be used to predict the coronal and sagittal graft extrusion length after using tendon autograft for medial meniscus reconstruction.
Evaluating the attractiveness of different bait formulations for monitoring Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) adults
Authors: Tamashiro Luiza Akemi Gonçalves , Oliveira Regiane Cristina , Pratissoli Dirceu , Oliveira Ana Carolina Lopes Francisco de , Piffer Ana Beatriz Mamedes
Published: November 2024

The growing need for sustainable agricultural practices drives the search for effective alternatives in pest management. Insects like Liriomyza sativae cause significant damage to crops, requiring monitoring and control methods that minimize the use of chemical pesticides. In this context, the use of natural and synthetic attractants for pest capture offers a promising solution while contributing to the preservation of ecological balance. The objective of this work was to study the attractive effect of different formulations for L. sativae adults. The formulations were divided into two groups according to their composition. For group 1, they were based on vinegar and sugar, and for group 2, formulations were based on molasses, invert sugar, hydrolyzed protein, and eugenold. The attractiveness of the formulations was evaluated based on free choice. They were placed in tube-shaped plastic containers and randomly arranged in TNT cages. Evaluations were performed every 48 hours by counting the number of adults in the containers until there was a low capture rate. Data were subjected to analysis of variance testing and means were compared using the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance level. All formulations tested were attractive to adults of L. sativae, with groups 1 and 2 reaching their maximum averages of 55.60 and 68.00 adults, respectively. Both occurred during the second evaluation. Over time, all formulations showed a reduction in capture rate. The use of effective attractants promotes traps that monitor and even control the pest population in a more sustainable way, benefiting the agroecosystem with sustainable agricultural practices. Furthermore, the research expands knowledge about the chemical ecology of insect pests, providing a basis for the chemical communication of these organisms.
Cooperative Learning Teams Games Tournament (TGT) with Content Differentiation Approach: An Effort to Improve Student Learning Outcomes in Whole Number Topics
Authors: Isaloka Ilo , Wiryanto Wiryanto , Mufidah Lailatul
Published: November 2024

Students often perceive mathematics as difficult and abstract, negatively affecting their interest and motivation to learn. The Teams Games Tournament (TGT) model was chosen because it incorporates healthy competition into the learning process, encouraging students to engage more actively. The main objective of this study is to improve the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students in a whole number topics by applying the Cooperative Learning Teams Games Tournament (TGT) model with a content differentiation approach. This study used Classroom Action Research (CAR) carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The research subjects were 27 fourth-grade students at SDN Sidosermo I Surabaya in the 2023/2024 academic year. Learning outcome data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests to assess students’ understanding before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis methods to describe the average scores and the percentage of student mastery in each cycle. Based on the pre-test results, the average student score was 61.48, with a mastery rate of 40.74%, which is below the minimum passing criterion (KKM) of 75. After the intervention in Cycle 1, the average score increased to 80.85, with a mastery rate of 52%. In Cycle 2, following strategy improvements, the average score reached 86.78, with 85% mastery. These results indicate that the TGT model with a content differentiation approach is effective in improving students' understanding and learning outcomes, surpassing the 80% mastery criterion.
Taming the curse of dimensionality: quantitative economics with deep learning
Authors: Fernández-Villaverde Jesús , Nuño Galo , Perla Jesse
Published: November 2024

We argue that deep learning provides a promising approach to addressing the curse of dimensionality in quantitative economics. We begin by exploring the unique challenges involved in solving dynamic equilibrium models, particularly the feedback loop between individual agents’ decisions and the aggregate consistency conditions required to achieve equilibrium. We then introduce deep neural networks and demonstrate their application by solving the stochastic neoclassical growth model. Next, we compare deep neural networks with traditional solution methods in quantitative economics. We conclude with a review of the applications of neural networks in quantitative economics and provide arguments for cautious optimism.
Implementation of Social Forestry Policy on Fulfillment of Empowerment Rights of Women Family Heads in Gaining Access to Forest Management in Sabrang Ambulu
Authors: Juwianti Ari , Adawiyah Putri Robiatul
Published: November 2024

This study aims to demonstrate that the Social Forestry Program in Sabrang Village positively impacts poverty alleviation and community welfare, particularly among women family heads, through forest land management. This study employed a descriptive qualitative data analysis strategy. This research method uses the purposive sampling strategy. The findings of this study show that the realization of women's rights can already be felt and benefited. Forest land management activities are carried out through the social forestry initiative to maximize natural resource potential over 35 years. As a result, it may be argued that it successfully changed the community's economics, particularly that of women's household heads.
Inovasi Kelas Gizi dalam Praktik Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI di Nagari Pilubang Lima Puluh Kota
Authors: Taufiqa Zuhrah , Maisa Benny Alexander , Nindrea Ricvan Dana , Elsaputri Novia , Volasoohy Navila Samsa , Tanu Fitria Eka Mayeti , Aprillia Arzeta
Published: November 2024

Asupan nutrisi yang adekuat melalui praktik pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI yang tepat merupakan faktor penting dalam mewujudkan status gizi dan pertumbuhan optimal balita. Kegagalan dalam periode pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI meningkatkan risiko kejadian stunting pada anak di rentang usia 6 hingga 24 bulan. Nagari Pilubang yang terletak di Kecamatan Harau, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Sumatera Barat merupakan salah satu wilayah prioritas penanganan stunting. Tujuan Tim Program Kemitraan Masyarakat Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Negeri Padang melaksanakan Kelas Inovasi Gizi adalah untuk memberikan edukasi tentang pentingnya Makanan Pendamping ASI bagi pertumbuhan anak dan upaya pencegahan stunting. Pelaksanaan kelas inovasi gizi dilaksanakan pada 26 peserta ibu balita dan kader Posyandu di Nagari Pilubang. Kegiatan ini terdiri dari pre-test, pemaparan materi edukasi gizi dan praktik pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI, dan post test. Antusiasme dan partisipasi aktif dari seluruh peserta menunjukkan bahwa kelas inovasi gizi ini efektif dan menarik bagi mereka. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan peserta secara signifikan terhadap informasi seputar gizi dan praktik pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI.
YENİ ÇAĞ SİYASET FELSEFESİNDE FETİH HAKKI SORUNSALI
Authors: Kutlu Aydoğan
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmada, siyaset felsefesi içinde fethin, hangi bağlamda bir hak kaynağı olarak görülebileceği ele alınmaktadır. Bu bakımdan tartışma, özellikle Yeni Çağ’a odaklanmıştır. Zira bu dönemde coğrafi keşiflerin gerçekleştirilmesi, İngiltere ve Fransa’da egemenliğin kaynağını fetihte bulan kuramların geliştirilmesi ve haklı savaş öğretileri, fetih ile işgal arasında bir anlam farkının belirmesine ve fethe atıf yapan belirli hakların ileri sürülebilmesine imkân sağlamıştır. Öte yandan fetih hakkının, başka haklarla da gerilim içinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mülkiyet hakkı, bunların başında gelmektedir. Fethin mülkiyete üstünlüğü ile özel mülkiyet hakkının dokunulmazlığını uzlaştırmak için çeşitli girişimlerde bulunulmuştur. Bir diğer gerilim hattı, egemenliğin kaynağına fetih yerleştirildiğinde, güçlülük ile haklılık arasında doğmaktadır. Yenilenlere göre fetih, meşru bir tabiyet olarak değil, ancak öcü alındığında düzeltilebilecek olan bir tahakküm olarak görülmektedir. Fetih hakkı bağlamında bir başka tartışma, yenilgi sonucu kölelikte görülmüştür. Hayatının bağışlanması karşılığında özgürlüğünden vazgeçmenin meşruiyeti Yeni Çağ boyunca değişmiştir. Son olarak haklı savaş öğretileri, her ne kadar saldırı savaşını yasaklayarak fetih hakkını sınırlandırsalar da, uluslararası hukukta belirli pratik nedenlerden dolayı bu, hiçbir zaman fethin tümüyle reddine ulaşmamıştır.
İBN HALDUN VE THOMAS R. MALTHUS’TA NÜFUS-AHLÂK İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: Bilgin Büşra
Published: November 2024

Çalışma, toplumsal bir varlık olarak kabul gören insanın ilkel yaşamdan yerleşik/modern yaşama geçişi, bu serüvende nüfusun artı ve azalışına bağlı olarak toplumsal, iktisadi ve siyasi değişimlerin neler olduğuna ilişkin bir tartışmayı içerir. Bu tartışmada, bir tarihçi ve toplumbilimci olan İbn Haldun ile bir ekonomist ve iktisatçı olan Malthus’un görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. Amaç, nüfusun artışına ve denetimine bağlı olarak ahlâkın nasıl şekillendiğini bir ekonomist ve toplumbilimci gözüyle okumaktır. Her iki düşünürün çok farklı amaç ve bakış açısıyla ele aldığı nüfus-ahlâk ilişkisi meselesi, yer yer aynı zeminde buluştuklarını ve ortak kanıya vardıklarını da göstermiştir. Çalışma, bir taraftan ahlâkı şekillendiren en önemli hususun nüfus artış hızı olduğunu gösterirken diğer taraftan nüfusun denetim altına alınması olarak sonuçlanmıştır.
NIETZSCHE: DEĞERLERİN YENİDEN ‘DEĞER’LENDİRİLMESİ VE META-METAFİZİK
Authors: Demirbaş İbrahim
Published: November 2024

Nietzsche’nin yaptığı ahlâk eleştirisi, onun her türlü değerin temelini oluşturan metafiziğe yönelttiği değer eleştirisi ile iç içe geçmiştir. Düşünürün ahlâki değerleri kökten yıkma girişiminin ardında, bu değerlerin üzerinde yükseldiği metafiziksel değerlerin temelde insan yaşamını zayıflattığı teşhisi yatmaktadır. Bu teşhisin içerisinde, genel olarak ‘değişen’ karşısında ‘değişmeyen’, ‘sonlu olan’ karşısında ‘sonsuz olan’ vurgularıyla, içerisine ahlâkı da alacak şekilde temel değerler oluşturan metafiziğin, sayılabilecek yegâne temel değer olan yaşamın değersiz görülmesine, onun karşısında sadece olumsuzlamayla yetinerek ondan kaçma zayıflığına yol açtığı fikri yatmaktadır. Nietzsche için yaşamı olumsuzlayan bu değerl erin yerine, onu olumlayarak güçlendiren yeni bir değer anlayışını geçirebilmek için öncelikle değerlerin yeniden ‘değer’lendirilerek insanın aşılması gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın amacı, aşılması gereken ‘insan’ın, metafiziksel insan anlayışına dayalı insan olduğunu, Nietzsche’nin bu anlayışın bir eleştirisi olarak ‘üst-insan’ anlayışını geliştirdiğini göstermek ve onun ahlâki ve dinî değerlere yönelttiği eleştirinin, çalışmanın ‘meta-metafizik’ olarak nitelediği, Nietzsche’nin “metafiziksel değerleri aşma” projesindeki bir uğrak noktası olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu anlamda ‘meta-metafizik’ kavramı önerisi, çalışmanın vardığı sonuç olarak sunulacaktır.
GÜNDELİK DİL FELSEFESİ KAPSAMINDA İDEAL DİL PARADOKSU
Authors: Duman Mehmet Akif
Published: November 2024

Tek bir ideal dil yoktur. Gündelik dil felsefesinin konusu olan ideal dil ile gündelik dilin bir parçası olan ideal dil her ne kadar aynı kavramsal temelden çıkmış olsalar da birbirlerinden farklıdırlar. Felsefe için sorulara kesin cevapların verildiği nihai bir istikameti işaret eden ideal dil, dilbilimsel manada tüm dünya insanlarının konuştuğu ortak dile karşılık gelir. Analitik felsefe kapsamında değerlendirilebilecek olan ideal dil felsefesi temelde günlük konuşma dilinin kesin olmayan, mantığın birçok gereksinimini karşılayamayan, karışık ve belirsiz yapısından dolayı felsefeye uygun olmayışını temel alır. Günlük konuşma dilini felsefenin ihtiyaç duyduğu kesinliğe kavuşturma çabası mantıksal sistemleri kullanarak dili analiz etmeye çalışan Aristoteles’e kadar gitse de ideal dil felsefesinin bugünkü manada esas kurucusu kavram yazılarında bu uyuşmazlığı çözmeye çalışan mantıkçı ve matematikçi Gottlob Frege’dir. Dilin ideal formda ele alınması sonrasında birçok büyük filozofun esas meselesi olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür.
İdeal dil gündelik hayatın karşısındaki dil olarak ve gündelik hayatın bir parçası olarak ele alındığında net biçimde paradoksal bir yapı ortaya konduğu görülecektir. Bu makalede amaç hem ideal dil denince ortaya çıkan paradoksu netleştirmek hem de bu paradoksun ideal dilin gündelik dilin bir parçası olarak ele alınan örneklerindeki işlevsel çözümlemelerine bakmaktır.
ANTİK YUNAN FELSEFESİNDE ARKHE KAVRAMI VE GÖRÜNÜŞ-GERÇEKLİK AYRIMI: THALES, ANAKSİMANDROS VE ANAKSİMENES'İN PERSPEKTİFİNDEN BİR İNCELEME
Authors: Yardımcı Alper Bilgehan
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışma, Antik Yunan felsefesinde görünüş-gerçeklik problemi üzerine odaklanan ve bu bağlamda ‘arkhe’ kavramını değerlendiren bir analiz sunmaktadır. Arkhe, gerçekte değişenin ardında değişmeden kalan ancak durumları veya görünüşleri değişen bir ilke veya töz olarak kabul edilmekte ve bu bağlamda varlığın gerçekliği ile görünüşü arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamak için kullanılmaktadır. Miletli filozoflar, arkheyi varlık için temel ilke olarak görürler ve bu ilkenin varlık üzerindeki değişimlerin arkasındaki sabit unsuru temsil ettiğini savunurlar. Bu unsur doğanın temelini oluşturur ve varlık ile onun görünüşü arasındaki ayrımı açıklar. Thales, Anaksimandros ve Anaksimenes'in arkhenin ne olduğunu belirleme girişimleri varlığın gerçekliği ile görünen kısmı arasındaki ilişkiyi anlama çabalarını yansıtır. Bu kapsamda makalede öncelikle felsefenin doğuşunun gerekli koşulları belirlenerek Thales, Anaksimandros ve Anaksimenes'in arkhe kavramına yükledikleri farklı anlamlar ve arkheye yönelik yaklaşımları varlık anlayışları çerçevesinde değerlendirilmektedir. Böylece Arkhenin nasıl evrildiği ve bu kavramın görünüşün ötesindeki gerçekliği anlama çabalarına nasıl katkıda bulunduğu incelenmektedir. Ayrıca makalede Anaksimandros ve Anaksimenes’in arkhenin değişen durumlarını ayrılma-kopma veya yoğunlaşma-seyrekleşme işleyişi ile açıklamaları neticesinde görünüş-gerçeklik ayrımını temellendirme konusunda derinlemesine bir perspektif sundukları vurgulanmaktadır. Özellikle Anaksimandros'un ‘apeiron’ olarak adlandırdığı ilkenin, duyulardan ziyade akıl yoluyla kavranabilen bir gerçekliği temsil ettiği ve bu yönüyle görünüşün ötesinde bir anlam taşıdığı iddia edilmektedir. Nihai olarak apeironun belirli olmayan bir niteliğe sahip olduğu değerlendirilerek maddi bir yapıda olmasına rağmen duyularla algılanabilen olandan daha temel bir nitelikte olabileceği tespit edilmekte ve görünüş-gerçeklik meselesinin ele alınmasında apeironun diğerlerine kıyasla daha uygun bir yapıda olduğu öne sürülmektedir.
Numerical computation for advection-diffusion model
Authors: Messikh Chahrazed , Bellal Nabila , Zennir Khaled
Published: November 2024

Addiction-advection equation is a partial differential equation which has many applications in industry and searching for accurate numerical methods to solve it is of great importance. In this work, we propose two methods, the finite difference method (FDM) and the finite volume method (FVM). A discretization of the space fractional advection-diffusion model was used in both methods. The fractional derivatives terms are discretized using fractionally shifted Grünwald formulas. We compare the solutions of these two methods for a case study with an exact solution.
Enhancing the seismic performance of highway embankments on soft soils: a comparative study of conventional and T-shaped deep cement mixing columns
Authors: Aissaoui Amira , Boufarh Rafik , Djellali Adel , Boursas Farid
Published: November 2024

Weak soils globally pose significant challenges in highway construction under seismic conditions, causing instability issues such as settlements and slope failures. This poses challenges for geotechnical engineers to design safe, effective, and economical construction methods for stable slopes. Despite the critical nature of embankment stability under dynamic conditions, there is a lack of research investigating the effects of foundation soil reinforcement in such scenarios. This paper aims to study the seismic behavior of two soil improvement techniques: conventional Deep Cement Mixing (DCM) columns and T-shaped Deep Cement Mixing (TDM) columns. A three-dimensional numerical model was used to investigate the dynamic behavior of DCM and TDM column-supported embankments using PLAXIS 3D software. After validating the numerical model, a parametric study was conducted to understand the seismic performance of embankments with DCM and TDM columns over soft soil. The obtained results demonstrate that, under seismic loading conditions, both DCM and TDM columns substantially enhance embankment stability. However, TDM columns exhibit superior performance, consistently achieving greater efficacy in mitigating settlement and controlling displacement compared to their DCM counterparts.
Forecasting the polishing resistance of regional aggregates based on mineral composition
Authors: Soudani Khedoudja , Ferkous Saci Abdelhakim , Cerezo Véronique , Haddadi Smail
Published: November 2024

The skid resistance of road pavements is dependent on mineralogical properties of the aggregates, as well as their ability to resist polishing over time. This polishing resistance is defined as the ability of aggregates to resist to the wear of tires. It is characterized in the laboratory by using a test called "PSV: polished stone value", allowing to give, from a polishing coefficient, an assessment of the quality of aggregates in view of their resistance to the friction action of vehicle tires. Our study consists in analysing and modelling the polishing resistance of aggregates based on their mineralogical properties using SEM and XRD analysis. Three analytical techniques formed the basis of this modelling study : nonlinear regression, principal component analysis and the artificial neural network. For these purposes, six quarries covering different Algerian area were chosen, 28 samples with two samples for each quarry were used to determine the polished stone value and for a mineralogical analysis with the two SEM and XRD analysis. The results found shown that the mineralogical composition doesn’t play a key role in the initial aggregate micro-texture, but a very strong correlation exists between the mineralogical properties of aggregates tested and their polishing resistance according to the calculation of the correlation coefficient, the sum of squared residual and the normalized squared error. The principal component analysis was also found to be the most reliable and robust technique for estimating the polishing resistance.
Predicting Parkinson's disease from typing patterns using shapely additive explanations and machine learning
Authors: Aicha Khaoucha , Nora Taleb , Ahmed Ahmim , Ayoub Bouslah
Published: November 2024

Early detection of Parkinson's disease is crucial for managing symptoms and improving the quality of life for patients. However, traditional diagnostic methods, which rely heavily on clinical assessments and subjective evaluations, often lead to late diagnoses and high rates of misdiagnosis. This study aims to develop an advanced Parkinson's disease prediction model using machine learning techniques. To achieve this goal, three powerful algorithms, XGBoost Random Forest and Support Vector Machine Classifier are used.  Model performance was evaluated using F1-score, accuracy, recall, and ROC AUC. All three models (XGBoost, Random Forest, SVM) demonstrated promising results, with accuracies exceeding 80% on the testing set. Specifically, XGBoost achieved the highest accuracy of 0.87, followed by Random Forest at 0.85 and SVM at 0.818. XGBoost consistently outperformed the other models across all metrics on both the testing and validation sets, confirming its superior performance. To gain insights into feature importance, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) was employed. The analysis revealed that the "Hold" feature played a particularly significant role in the models' predictions.
As principais complicações no tratamento do Acidente Vascular Cerebral com trombectomia mecânica
Authors: Gastaldi Álvaro Nantes Vieira , Gastaldi Glória Nantes Vieira , Souza Catharina Silva , Figueira Murilo José Storti , Leite Sarah Ricardo Silva , Sperotto Isadora Candotti , Rech Cibele Keiti , Alves Letícia Martinez , Bosco Giovana Balcewicz Dal , Costa Caroline Patrícia Amaral , Silva Graziele Gleice da , Rocha Ana Luiza Pires , Felippe Maria Fernanda Peruci , Ferro Isabela
Published: November 2024

A trombectomia mecânica é amplamente utilizada no tratamento do Acidente Vascular Cerebral isquêmico (AVCi), especialmente em pacientes com oclusão de grandes vasos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as principais complicações associadas a essa intervenção e identificar os fatores de risco que afetam os desfechos clínicos. A metodologia consistiu em uma revisão abrangente da literatura, utilizando bases de dados como PubMed, Scielo e Google Scholar, além de diretrizes de instituições como a American Stroke Association (ASA). Os estudos selecionados abordaram complicações como hemorragia intracraniana (HIC), falha na reperfusão e mortalidade pós-procedimento. Entre as complicações mais frequentes, a HIC foi observada em 5-7% dos casos, sendo uma das mais graves e frequentemente associada a piores desfechos clínicos. A falha na reperfusão, ocorrendo em 10-12% dos pacientes, compromete significativamente a recuperação neurológica. Fatores como hiperglicemia (glicose superior a 130 mg/dL) e escores elevados na escala NIHSS (>17) foram identificados como preditores importantes de complicações e mortalidade. Pacientes com comorbidades, como diabetes e hipertensão, também apresentaram maior risco de complicações graves, exigindo uma avaliação criteriosa antes da trombectomia. O uso de fibrinolíticos intra-arteriais como complemento à trombectomia foi analisado, mas mostrou-se controverso, devido ao risco aumentado de hemorragias. Os resultados indicam que a seleção criteriosa dos pacientes, com o monitoramento adequado de comorbidades e fatores de risco, é fundamental para otimizar os desfechos clínicos. Além disso, a adoção de protocolos aprimorados e o uso de tecnologias de imagem avançadas são recomendados para reduzir complicações e melhorar a eficácia do tratamento.
Tumor neuroendócrino pancreático em paciente jovem: aspectos de imagem
Authors: Miranda Fábio Nunes de , Francisco Flávia Angélica Ferreira
Published: November 2024

Os tumores neuroendócrinos pancreáticos (TNE-P) constituem um grupo de neoplasias raras, com amplo espectro de características clínicas, histopatológicas e de imagem. Esses tumores originam-se de células precursoras com diferenciação neuroendócrina no epitélio ductal pancreático. Podem ocorrer de forma isolada ou no contexto de endocrinopatias hereditárias. Os TNE-P são classificados em funcionantes, que geralmente se manifestam precocemente devido à produção hormonal, e não-funcionantes, que costumam ser diagnosticados em estágios mais avançados, devido aos sintomas decorrentes do efeito de massa. A avaliação por imagem é primordial, fornecendo dados diagnósticos e prognósticos importantes. Apresentaremos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, de 17 anos, sem história patológica pregressa relevante, atendido na emergência com dor abdominal, perda de peso de 20 kg em um ano e massa palpável no hipocôndrio esquerdo ao exame físico. A tomografia computadorizada (TC) e a ressonância magnética (RM) revelaram volumosa lesão pancreática, cujo diagnóstico histopatológico foi confirmado por biópsia percutânea.
Recuperação significativa de paciente com traumatismo crânio-encefálico e acidente vascular cerebral após tratamento com cannabis medicinal: relato de caso envolvendo queda de cavalo
Authors: Peruchi Miguel Licinio Holanda , Lee Soo Yang , Demoner Pedro Lucas , Pedroni Júlia Brozeghini , Salvador Nicole de Araujo , Martins Neto Gilberto
Published: November 2024

O Trauma Crânio-Encefálico (TCE) resulta em lesões cerebrais que podem evoluir para sequelas motoras e cognitivas graves, afetando drasticamente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Se faz essencial lembrar que embora a medicina tenha avançado significativamente, o tratamento para TCE ainda enfrenta limitações farmacológicas, o que muito se deve à complexidade dos mecanismos traumáticos envolvidos nessa patologia. Atualmente, os tratamentos convencionais focam em intervenções emergenciais e suporte neurocirúrgico, entretanto, há carência de terapias neuroprotetoras que minimizem as consequências das sequelas que o TCE pode gerar a longo prazo. Tendo em vista o crescente número de casos de TCE e a necessidade de buscar alternativas terapêuticas pode-se levar em consideração o sistema endocanabinoide (SEC), que emerge como uma área promissora de estudo. O SEC fisiologicamente está envolvido na regulação de processos neuroinflamatórios, na plasticidade neuronal e na resposta ao estresse oxidativo, que são, portanto, características relevantes para a recuperação pós-TCE. Sendo assim, este estudo objetiva explorar o potencial do SEC e dos canabinoides, como o canabidiol, para agir como neuroprotetores no tratamento de pacientes vítimas de TCE, buscando reduzir déficits funcionais, bem como melhorar seu processo de reabilitação, devido papel importante do SEC na proteção neuronal, que pode ser útilo em atenuar danos neurológicos secundários ao Trauma Crânio Encefálico. Outrossim destaca-se, a importância de uma abordagem individualizada e uma análise de risco-benefício cautelosa para cada paciente, visando a segurança e a eficácia dessa terapia inovadora no contexto do TCE.
A Preliminary Analysis of Factors Influencing Paragraph Dictation
Authors: Guan Wenyu
Published: November 2024

This study begins with a preliminary analysis of the factors influencing the paragraph dictation, component of the Test for English Majors Band 4 (TEM4). The factors include vocabulary, grammatical knowledge, phonetic comprehension ability, cultural background knowledge, and short-term memory capacity. By making analysis on these linguistic knowledge and non-linguistic knowledge factors, the study proposes corresponding strategies to enhance dictation skills, aiming to assist teachers and students in adopting effective training methods, and to boost learning interest and confidence.
Травматические забрюшинные кровоизлияния
Authors: А.М. Хаджибаев, А.А. Алижанов
Published: November 2024

В обзоре представлены современные сведения об эпидемиологии, механизмах, частоте осложнений и летальности, классификации, особенностях диагностики и выбора тактики лечения травматических забрюшинных кровоизлияний. Подчеркнуто, что в каждом клиническом случае требуется выбор конкретной стратегии лечения, которая должна учитывать локализацию и интенсивность кровотечения, а также его наличие или отсутствие признаков экстравазии контрастного вещества при компьютерной томографии с контрастным усилением
Лапароскопик операцияларда ва операциядан кейинги эрта даврда умумий ноопиоид анестезия
Authors: В.Ҳ. Шарипова, А.А. Валиханов, Ш.А. Юлдошева
Published: November 2024

Опиоидлар яхши анальгетик таъсирга эга бўлгани учун, мувозанатлашган анестезиянинг (balanced anesthesia) муҳим компоненти сифатида интраоператив ва постоператив оғриқларни даволаш учун кенг қўлланилади. Лекин стандарт опиоид анестезиядан ке йин бемор ҳаёти учун хавфли бўлган респиратор депрессия, постоператив кўнгил айниш ва қусиш, гиперальгезия, опиоидларга толерантлик, гастроинтестинал тизим ва когнитив функцияларнинг бузилиши каби кўплаб асоратлар кузатилиши беморларнинг операциядан кейинги мобилизацияси вақти ва касалхонада қолиш давомийлигининг ортишига олиб келади. Шунинг учун, операциядан кейин пайдо бўлиши мумкин бўлган асоратлар хавфини камайтириш ва беморларнинг соғайиш сифатини яхшилаш мақсадида сўнгги йилларда ноопиоид анестезия деб номланган опиоидларга муқобил мультимодал анестезия усуллари ишлаб чиқилган бўлиб, мазкур усуллар ERAS йўриқномасининг муҳим таркибий қисми сифатида анестезиология соҳасида оммалашиб бормоқда.
Hungary: Hungaricums of the Family Law Policy
Authors: Sápi Edit
Published: November 2024

It is now considered a fact that Europe, including Central Europe, is facing an ageing society. One of the main indicators of this issue is the decrease in the number of births and the increase in the number of older adults. Several countries are attempting to implement related measures to encourage an increase in the number of births. This chapter reviews and summarises these comprehensive family policy measures. In addition, it presents the specific legal institutions and legal provisions in the Family Law Book of Hungary’s Civil Code that may affect the safety of family life.