bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary supplementation of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains in Apis mellifera L. against Nosema ceranae
Authors: Baffoni L. , Gaggìa F. , Alberoni D. , Cabbri R. , Nanetti A. , Biavati B. , Di Gioia D.
Published: November 2015

Nosema ceranaeis a widespread microsporidium of European honeybeeApis melliferaL. affecting bee health. The ban of Fumagillin-B (dicyclohexylammonium salt) in the European Union has driven the search for sustainable strategies to prevent and control the infection. The gut microbial symbionts, associated to the intestinal system of vertebrates and invertebrates and its impact on host health, are receiving increasing attention. In particular, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, which are normal inhabitants of the digestive system of bees, are known to protect their hosts via antimicrobial metabolites, immunomodulation and competition. In this work, the dietary supplementation of gut bacteria was evaluated under laboratory conditions in bees artificially infected with the parasite and bees not artificially infected but evidencing a low natural infection. Supplemented bacteria were selected among bifidobacteria, previously isolated, and lactobacilli, isolated in this work from healthy honeybee gut. Four treatments were compared: bees fed with sugar syrup (CTR); bees fed with sugar syrup containing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli (PRO); bees infected withN. ceranaespores and fed with sugar syrup (NOS); bees infected withN. ceranaeand fed with sugar syrup containing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli (NP). The sugar syrup, with or without microorganisms, was administered to bees from the first day of life for 13 days.N. ceranaeinfection was carried out individually on anesthetised 5-day-old bees. Eight days after infection, a significant (P<0.05) lower level ofN. ceranaewas detected by real-time PCR in both NP and PRO group, showing a positive effect of supplemented microorganisms in controlling the infection. These results represent a first attempt of application of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli againstN. ceranaein honeybees.
Does foot pronation in unmounted horseback riders affect pelvic movement during walking?
Authors: Engell M.T. , Hernlund E. , Egenvall A. , Bergh A. , Clayton H.M. , Roepstorff L.
Published: November 2015

Foot pronation is a common postural condition that is related to postural asymmetry, and that may affect performance in a variety of sports. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether unmounted riders (n=18) with predominantly right or left foot pronation had an increased contralateral pelvic drop during stance of the more pronated foot when walking. This was a preliminary step toward investigating the effects of foot pronation during riding. Kinematic data were collected in 3D (250 Hz) using eight motion capture cameras during walking. The amount of foot pronation was measured by summing eversion and external rotation, and it was analysed in relation to maximal pelvic drop during stance. The results showed that during walking, the majority of the riders had significantly greater contralateral pelvic drop when the foot with the higher degree of pronation was in early stance. If the demonstrated postural asymmetry carries over to other activities where weight is distributed to the feet, e.g. at riding when the riders feet exert a force against the stirrups, this may affect the rider’s performance. Further studies are needed to describe the influence of foot pronation in mounted horseback riders.
Lifestyle and Behavioral Interventions to Reduce the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Community-Dwelling Adults With Serious Mental Illness: Implications for Nursing Practice
Authors: Richards Lauren , Batscha Catherine L. , McCarthy Valerie Lander
Published: November 2015

Adults with mental illness are at increased risk of being diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and consequently cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke. The current article explores community-based interventions to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome by changing health behaviors among adults with serious mental illness (SMI). Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched for nonpharmacological studies of behavioral or lifestyle interventions addressing risk of metabolic syndrome among adults with SMI. Thirteen studies, seven with statistically significant results, were included in the review. Despite the well-known risks of metabolic syndrome, the majority of available studies had small samples with insufficient power. There was little consistency in methods or outcome measures. Studies that were client-directed and involved peer and staff support appeared most useful in changing health behaviors and improving quality of life. Further research is needed to guide nursing practice in implementing effective methods to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling adults with SMI. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
,
54
(1), 46–55.]
Estudio experimental de procesos de soldadura con alto contenido en hidrógeno
Authors: Fydrych Dariusz , Łabanowski Jerzy
Published: November 2015

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre la determinación del contenido de hidrógeno difusible en el material aportado mediante dos métodos: el de la glicerina (el más utilizado) y el del mercurio. El contenido de dicho hidrógeno se ha definido a partir de los resultados de esos métodos en una zona con bajo contenido en hidrógeno, así como procesos de soldadura con alto contenido en hidrógeno. No hay datos disponibles en la literatura para contenidos de hidrógeno difusible en metal depositado mayores de 35 ml/100 g. Ampliando el análisis de la cantidad de dicho hidrógeno hasta los 80 ml/100 g, se simplifica considerablemente la realización de ensayos de soldabilidad del acero en procesos de alto contenido en hidrógeno así como en la soldadura en medio acuoso.
Working Memory and ADHD in Preschool Education. The Role of ICT’S as a Diagnostic and Intervention Tool: An Overview
Authors: Kokkalia Georgia , Drigas Athanasios
Published: November 2015

Recent development in the role of education in pre-school children includes the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). ICT nowadays is recognized as a tool that can foster the knowledge and the experiences for this crucial age and the support of specific areas in kindergarten according to the educational perspective and the areas of needs they serve, is thought significant. In this paper we present a brief overview of the most representative studies of the last decade (2004-2014), which concentrates on the working memory and attention difficulties that children face in kindergarten, and are supported by ICTs. A brief theoretical scientific approach of the role of working memory is presented while its correlation with the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is examined.
ICTs for Assessment and Intervention on Cultivation of Empathy
Authors: Drigas Athanasios , Papoutsi Chara
Published: November 2015

Empathy can be deﬁned as the ability to perceive and understand others’ emotional states. Neuropsychological evidence has shown that humans empathize with each other to different degrees depending on factors such as their mood, personality, and social relationships. ICTs with the features that offered are a very important tool for the detection, the development and the cultivation of empathy in children and adults in various fields and in different ways.
A Tentative Model of the Link between Constructivist Learning Approach and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Sajadi Samira Sadat
Published: November 2015

This paper examine whether Constructivist-Learning Approach could be used to help learners with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Preliminary work is discussed here; in which the author seeks to determine the reason why Constructivist-learning is difficult for learners with ADHD. Results based on literature analysis lead to recommendations of two stages: (1) why we think ADHD learners might find it difficult to engage in a constructivist learning environment, (2) how ADHD learners could benefit from constructivist-approach, for instance through the managed use of pedagogy model. Tentative model of the link between constructivist principles and ADHD is presented which is married to positive aspects of being ADHD.
The System Analysis in Language Teaching and Learning for Technical Students in Russia
Authors: Sidorenko Tatiana , Yampolsky Vladimir
Published: November 2015

Integration of the Russian system of engineering education into the global educational domain compelled Russian universities to enhance the importance of humanities in engineering programs with a special focus on foreign languages. However, it must be admitted that the system of language training in Russia at a university level comes up against serious problems of historical, economic or political backgrounds, for which reason there are processes in the system that hamper a solution of the tasks set before the university and the society. The solution requires strong and decisive initiatives capable to improve the situation with the language proficiency among the graduators. Therefore, there is a rapid need in essentially new approaches to teaching foreign languages attain the desired outcomes for engineers, which reflect not only subject-oriented knowledge but also personal skills and the ability to effectively communicate with an opponent or a partner. The need to identify barriers towards high-quality language courses at a university level motivated the authors to carry out a special research based on the methods that are typical to system analysis.
Design and Application of a Virtual Classroom System in Major Courses in Industrial Arts
Authors: Liu Yajuan
Published: November 2015

The development status and defects of the current distance education are pointed out, the theoretical basis and support technology to construct virtual classroom are demonstrated, and a virtual classroom system under mutual competition environment is proposed and realized. With the teaching of industrial art course as the example, the development and application of virtual classroom system in the course of industrial art are discussed, a control experiment is designed, the effect of virtual classroom system is verified, and it is concluded that students of virtual classroom group are easier to master the logic reasoning skills and abstract theoretical knowledge. Overall, the virtual class has a better effect than the real classroom and distance listening.
Contextual Diversity and Rule-based Adaptive E-learning System Scheme
Authors: Madhu Sudhana Kalla
Published: November 2015

In an adaptive e-learning environment, the system must respond harmoniously to the changes of learner needs. The traditional e-learning systems provide adaptation based on user preferences only. To improve performance, it is required to incorporate learning context information such as the device and network context to determine the appropriate presentation method along with the user preferences. Mainly this paper discussed about the basic categories of context in e-learning environment and proposed an architectural overview of ontology driven rule-based adaptive system for obtaining effective delivery of learning material.
A Framework for Enhancing ICT Competency of Universities in Sri Lanka
Authors: Hewagamage Champa , Hewagamage K. Priyantha
Published: November 2015

In the current information society, the need for securing human resources acquired with ICT competency is becoming a significant factor. Information Communication Technology (ICT) competency describes more than awareness or driving license level of using computing facilities and networking services to carry out different tasks. Undergraduates of a university will become knowledge workers in the society and they should acquire the knowledge, skills and attitudes using the modern ICT technology to carry out their job tasks effectively. This paper presents the current status of ICT Competency in Sri Lankan Universities with respect to both the knowledge and skill requirements of knowledge workers in the job market. However, there are several obstacles are affecting this development and the paper discuss the qualitative assessment of these obstacles in detail. In this study, we propose a new framework for enhancing the ICT Competency among a large number of undergraduates in the University system. This framework consists of two main components namely Infrastructure Development and Virtual Learning Environment. In the component, Infrastructure Development new facilities are provided such as computers, networks and Internet facilities, human resource management and other support services in order to solve the problems identified. Under the Virtual Learning Environment, we propose three levels for undergraduates to address the curriculums of ICT competency. The first two levels are declared with respect to the common ICT Competency Certification and level 3 is declared considering special requirements of curriculum or subject streams.
Mariages paléo-babyloniens typiques et atypiques
Authors: Lion Brigitte
Published: November 2015

Le mariage à l’époque paléo-babylonienne (début du IIe millénaire av. J.-C.) a fait l’objet, depuis plus d’un siècle, de nombreuses études, menées à partir des lois et des documents de la pratique. Or les lois envisagent surtout les cas complexes et les contrats, relativement rares, documentent souvent les situations qui s’écartent des règles habituelles, comme les mariages bigames, ou ceux qu’accompagne une adoption. Pour cette raison, le mariage «  ordinaire  » semble difficile à saisir pour l’historien. En outre, les coutumes ont pu varier selon les lieux  : celles du nord de la plaine mésopotamienne (la région de Babylone) semblent avoir différé de celles du sud (l’ancien pays de Sumer).
Les mariages dits «  germaniques  »  : entre anthropologie, idéologie et histoire
Authors: Joye Sylvie
Published: November 2015

Les études consacrées au mariage chez les peuples barbares d’Occident, encore dits «  germaniques  », ont été particulièrement marquées par les théories évolutionnistes qui identifiaient différentes formes de mariage chez les peuples primitifs. Un catalogue de mariages est reconstitué à la fin du xixe siècle  : Muntehe, Friedelehe, Raubehe sont les principaux types de mariage définis alors. Ces constructions sont aussi l’expression des efforts fournis alors pour définir une identité germanique. L’attachement à la liberté qui serait caractéristique de ces peuples se retrouverait notamment dans la liberté exprimée par la femme dans la Friedelehe. L’aspect artificiel de cette reconstruction a bien été mis en lumière dans les années 1990.
Narcisse, Tirésias et Orphée. Un regard moralisé sur le corps chez Alexandre Neckam
Authors: Collin Franck
Published: November 2015

Au chapitre De la voix de son encyclopédie De Naturis rerum (I, 20), A. Neckam (1157-1217) réunit trois figures mythiques présentant un rapport au corps. Narcisse est subjugué par sa beauté, Orphée se découvre pédéraste, Tirésias devient transsexuel. Ces trois exemples montrent le rôle original que l’auteur fait jouer à la mythographie dans une œuvre didactique, où sont introduits, puis remis à distance par la moralisation, des sujets tabous.
Clinical Communication in the Aspect of Development of New Technologies and E-Health in the Doctor-Patient Relationship
Authors: Rosiek-Kryszewska Aleksandra , Leksowski Łukasz , Rosiek Anna , Leksowski Krzysztof , Goch Aleksander
Published: November 2015

Patient-clinician communication presents the views of several national authorities on the principles and expectations of shared decision-making between patients and their healthcare providers, including doctors, and nurses and oncology nurses. In this chapter authors focus on the communication challenges facing doctors who trained in medical environment in Poland, in order to prepare communications training designed specifically for doctors and to illustrate how a close analysis of professional discourse can be transferred to work environments beyond the medical world. Authors draw attention to clinical roles performed by medical staff practicing locally and trained doctors.
Interdisciplinary Education for Research and Everyday Clinical Practice
Authors: Komendziński Tomasz , Dreszer-Drogorób Joanna , Mikołajewska Emilia , Mikołajewski Dariusz , Bałaj Bibianna
Published: November 2015

Teamwork, interprofessional practice and learning are integral to current interdisciplinary research and health care – such approach can maximize professional resources and optimize outcomes. The development of modern technologies associated with medical sciences, and the variability of possible neurological deficits, interventions, and even scales makes this task very difficult. The key problem is regarded successful transition of students to competent work-ready professionals. Current models of education and cooperation within interdisciplinary teams may be not enough flexible. This chapter, based on own experiences from InteRDoCTor project, tries to answer the question: how shape interdisciplinary education and how their results may be wider incorporated into research and clinical practice?
Medication Errors
Authors: Obilade Titilola T.
Published: November 2015

Depending on the statistics examined, medication errors are responsible for 44000 to 400000 deaths annually. This chapter examined the role of societal attributes in medication errors. Although several studies have been conducted on medication errors there is still no uniformity in the definitions which makes evaluation of medication errors difficult. Despite the non-uniformity of definitions, all the research articles reviewed agreed that enhanced oral and written communications between health care providers and patients or parents of patients was a step towards the prevention of medication errors. The health literacy level of both health care providers and consumers also contribute to medication errors.
Presenteeism among Healthcare Sector Specialists
Authors: Wężyk Agata , Czarnecka Karolina
Published: November 2015

This chapter focuses on the phenomenon of presenteeism (i.e. being at work despite having health problems) among healthcare professionals, such as doctors, nurses and caregivers. We present a review of studies regarding prevalence of presenteeism as well as determinants of attending work while ill in healthcare sector. We also describe some preliminary result of a research project on presenteeism in Polish employees. Finally we discuss ethical concerns that are inevitable in case of healthcare workers, who come to work despite being ill.
Confrontation of Human Rights in Daily Clinical Situations
Authors: Konieczna Anna , Słomkowski Przemysław
Published: November 2015

The chapter concerns human rights as they are enacted in daily clinical situations. It invokes basic documents describing human rights as well as legislative acts dealing more specifically with the rights of doctors and patients. Basing on the theoretical legislative background, the text presents cases of conflict and misunderstanding between various participants of clinical situations. The authors are mainly concerned with the clash of values and beliefs concerning terminal care treatment of ICU patients and with the issue of patient's autonomy and self-determination. The concepts of informed consent and moral distress are explained and visualized with real life examples.
Comparative Study of Selective Laser Melting and Direct Laser Metal Deposition of Ni3Al Intermetallic Alloy
Authors: Kotoban Dmitry Valerievich , Nazarov Aleksey Petrovich , Shishkovsky Igor Vladimirovich
Published: November 2015

The Ni3Al intermetallics involve more attention because of inherent material properties especially interesting in high temperature application. In this study the Selective laser melting (SLM) and Direct laser metal deposition (DLMD) are used to manufacture the single-tracks and layers. For the comparison of the methods, the optical microscopy, SEM, XRD and EDX microelement analysis were involved. The materials show no significant differences but each SLM and DLMD have the target application.
Main Technological Parameters Influence of Selective Electron Beam Melting on Properties of Thin-Walled Titanium Alloy Samples
Authors: Peretyagin Pavel Yurievich , Bolbukov Vasily Petrovich , Cherkasova Natalia Yurievna , Kabanov Alexander Victorovich
Published: November 2015

Selective electron beam melting has been considered as the most advanced method of additive manufacturing of workpieces made of titanium and titanium-based alloys for the aircraft industry. The impact of basic technological parameters on the thickness of thin walls obtained with the use of selective electron beam melting has considered. Metallographic examination of the experimental samples has been performed.
Optical Monitoring and Diagnostics of SLM Processing for Single Track Formation from Co-Cr Alloy
Authors: Zhirnov Ivan Vladimirovich , Podrabinnik Pavel Anatolyevich , Tokbergenov Medet , Okunkova Anna Andreyevna , Smurov Igor Yurievich
Published: November 2015

The article presents a study of selective laser melting process (SLM) namely a study of stable track formation by the example of Co-Cr alloy. The characterization of the main process factors, which have an influence on the parts’ functionality, is developed. The experimental work for the research of two main factors as laser beam power and scanning speed showed the technological gaps for the formation of the stable tracks. The characterization of the non-stable single tracks’ defects is established. The new data about the main physical effects in the treatment zone is received by optical diagnostics of the process.
Effective Sputtering System for Deposition of Wear-Resistant and Anticorrosion Coatings
Authors: Metel Aleksander Sergeevich , Grigoriev Sergey Nikolaevich , Bolbukov Vasilii Petrovich , Melnik Yury Andreevich
Published: November 2015

Results of a target sputtering investigation have been obtained, the target being positioned on the bottom of a cylindrical hollow cathode covered by a grid. It was shown that influence on the glow discharge of a nonuniform magnetic field with lines crossing the target center as well as the grid, the hollow cathode and the target periphery, where the field lines are arc-shaped, depends on the magnetic induction on the target edge. Due to ionization by electrons emitted by the cathode and forced by the magnetic field to approach to the target more frequently the plasma density near the target grows up and more than a half of all ions produced in the discharge quite uniformly sputter the target
Selective Laser Melting of 3D Structures Produced from Heat-Resistant Cobalt Alloys
Authors: Tarasova Tatiana Vasilievna , Nazarov Aleksey Petrovich , Gusarov Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: November 2015

The technological possibilities of 3D object manufacturing with complex geometry from heat-resistant cobalt alloy by method of selective laser melting is considered in the work. The boundary conditions of the SLM and the way of its overcoming are demonstrated.
Synthesis of Nanostructured WC-Co Hardmetal by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Khmyrov Roman Sergeevich , Safronov Viktor Aleksandrovich , Gusarov Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: November 2015

Selective laser melting is a layer-by-layer technique to form a solid part from powder. The thermal cycle of this process can be as short as one millisecond and less. This is why it is favorable to obtain nanostructured materials with advanced properties. Metal matrix composite WC-Co is studied. Micron-sized Co powder was mixed with WC nanopowder in a planetary ball mill to prepare uniform composite powder. Single remelted beads and monolayers were obtained from the composite powder on the substrates of sintered WC-Co. No cracks and good adhesion to the substrate are observed. The high cooling rate up to 106 K/s explains the fine microstructures. Increasing the scanning velocity is favourable because of refining the microstructure and decreasing the balling-effect. The attained values of surface roughness are as low as 1-2 μm.
Self-secularisation as challenge to the church
Authors: Beyers Jaco
Published: November 2015

The concept of self-secularisation has been identified by Wolfgang Huber, bishop of the German Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland (EKD), when he reflected on the context of the church in Germany. Self-secularisation however, is a worldwide phenomenon with effects in South Africa as well. After discussing the origin of the concept and its interpretations, the author tries to identify instances of self-secularisation within especially the Afrikaansspeaking churches, although not limited to them, in South Africa. The theological jargon comes under scrutiny, civil religion, the pluralistic society within which the church exists, the effect of emotionalism, the commercialisation of the church, the role of mass media and the phenomenon of infotainment, rationalisation and a lack of ethics are some of the elements identified and discussed. Finally the author attempts a correction by indicating what the church ought to do in order to counter the effects of self-secularisation.
Formation of Nano-oxides on Porous Metallic Glass Compacts using Hydrothermal Synthesis
Authors: Park H. J. , Kim Y. S. , Hong S. H. , Kim J. T. , Cho J. Y. , Lee W. H. , Kim K. B.
Published: November 2015

Porous metallic glass compact (PMGC) are developed by electro-discharge sintering (EDS) process of gas atomized Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 metallic glass powder under of 0.2 kJ generated by a 450 μF capacitor being charged to 0.94 kV. Functional iron-oxides are formed and growth on the surface of PMGCs via hydrothermal synthesis. It is carried out at 150°C for 48hr with distilled water of 100 mL containing Fe ions of 0.18 g/L. Consequently, two types of iron oxides with different morphology which are disc-shaped Fe2O3 and needle-shaped Fe3O4 are successfully formed on the surface of the PMGCs. This finding suggests that PMGC witih hydrothermal technique can be attractive for the practical technology as a new area of structural and functional materials. And they provide a promising road map for using the metallic glasses as a potential functional application.
Thermoelectric Properties in the Cu Doping Effects of the n-type Bi-Te Powders
Authors: Park Min Soo , Koo Hye Young , Ha Gook Hyun , Park Yong Ho
Published: November 2015

Bi2Te3 related compounds show the best thermoelectric properties at room temperature. However, n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 showed no improvement on ZT values. To improve the thermolectric propterties of n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3, this research has Cu-doped n-type powder. This study focused on effects of Cu-doping method on the thermoelectric properties of n-type materials, and evaluated the comparison between the Cu chemical and mechanical doping. The synthesized powder was manufactured by the spark plasma sintering(SPS). The thermoelectric properties of the sintered body were evaluated by measuring their Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, and hall coefficient. An introduction of a small amount of Cu reduced the thermal conductivity and improved the electrical properties with Seebeck coefficient. The authors provided the optimal concentration of Cu0.1Bi1.99Se0.3Te2.7. A figure of merit (ZT) value of 1.22 was obtained for Cu0.1Bi1.9Se0.3Te2.7 at 373K by Cu chemical doping, which was obviously higher than those of Cu0.1Bi1.9Se0.3Te2.7 at 373K by Cu mechanical doping (ZT=0.56) and Cu-free Bi2Se0.3Te2.7 (ZT=0.51).
The Effect of Oxides Additives on Anti-corrosion Properties of Sintered 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Lee Jong-Pil , Hong Ji-Hyun , Park Dong-Kyu , Ahn In-Shup
Published: November 2015

As wrought stainless steel, sintered stainless steel (STS) has excellent high-temperature anti-corrosion even at high temperature of 800ºC and exhibit corrosion resistance in air. The oxidation behavior and oxidation mechanism of the sintered 316L stainless was reported at the high temperature in our previous study. In this study, the effects of additives on high-temperature corrosion resistances were investigated above 800ºC at the various oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, MgO and Y2O3) added STS respectively as an oxidation inhibitor. The morphology of the oxide layers were observed by SEM and the oxides phase and composition were confirmed by XRD and EDX. As a result, the weight of STS 316L sintered body increased sharply at 1000oC and the relative density of specimen decreased as metallic oxide addition increased. Compared with STS 316L sintered parts, weight change ratio corresponding to different oxidation time at 900oC and 1000oC, decreased gradually with the addition of metallic oxide. The best corrosion resistance properties of STS could be improved in case of using Y2O3. The oxidation rate was diminished dramatically by suppression the peeling on oxide layers at Y2O3 added sintered stainless steel.
Flow rate of polygonal grains through a bottleneck: Interplay between shape and size
Authors: Goldberg Ezequiel , Carlevaro C. Manuel , Pugnaloni Luis Ariel
Published: November 2015

We report two-dimensional simulations of circular and polygonal grains passing through an aperture at the bottom of a silo. The mass flow rate for regular polygons is lower than for disks\red{,} as observed by other authors. We show that both the exit velocity of the grains and the packing fraction are lower for polygons, which leads to the reduced flow rate. We point out the importance of the criteria used to define when two objects of different shape are considered to be of the same size. Depending on this criteria, the mass flow rate may vary significantly for some polygons. Moreover, the particle flow rate is non-trivially related to a combination of mass flow rate, particle shape and particle size. For some polygons, the particle flow rate may be lower or higher than that of the corresponding disks depending on the size comparison criteria. Received: 18 May 2015,  Accepted: 30 October 2015; Edited by: F. Melo; Reviewed by: J.-N. Roux, Universite Parsi Est, Laboratoire Navier, Champs-sur-Marne, France; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.070016Cite as: E Goldberg, C M Carlevaro, L A Pugnaloni, Papers in Physics 7, 070016 (2015)This paper, by E Goldberg, C M Carlevaro, L A Pugnaloni, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.
Unnoticed Ways in which Migration Reinforces Under development
Authors: Abumere Frank Aragbonfoh
Published: November 2015

This paper analyses how migration from low income economies to high income economies can actually have negative rather than positive consequences on  development and low income economies. There are noticed  ways - such as brain drain, separation from family, etc – in which migration negatively affects sending- countries. But this paper argues that there are unnoticed ways in which migration negatively affects  development and low income economies. For this paper, the relationship between migration and  underdevelopment is a complex rather than a simple one. It is simple to see how underdevelopment causes  migration. But to see that migration in turn reinforces underdevelopment, one needs to engage in some  complex analysis. Alarmingly, the end-result of the complex analysis is that migration and remittances, while alleviating poverty, can actually make: citizens neglect their duty to hold their governments responsible for  underdevelopment; and governments neglect their duty to find long term solutions to the problem of  underdevelopment. In terms of methodological approach, admittedly this sort of work often requires empirical methods. Nevertheless, the aim of this paper is to do a theoretical analysis which will serve as the foundation on which future  empirical works can be based.Key words; Institutions, Migration, Poverty, Remittances, Underdevelopment.
A Fictional X-ray of the Contemporary Society: a Study of Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo’s Trafficked
Authors: Nnyagu Uche , Adunchezor Ngozi
Published: November 2015

Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo is one of the contemporary writers who strongly affirm that a true fiction must aptly mirror the world of the writer. This, she vividly demonstrates in her Trafficked. Adimora-Ezeigbo got her  inspiration for the fiction from historical and contemporary facts. In our contemporary society, female  trafficking is on the increase. Many unpatriotic citizens indulge in the illegal deal which they see as a very  lucrative business. Unwary young women are lured into international sex trade with lots of tantalizing  promises that would eventually turn to illusions. Trafficking is frowned at in Nigeria, yet people are perpetually trafficked. In this research work, the researcher examines the novel in line with sociological approach so that the ills of human trafficking as it is a case in the contemporary society would be seen. The researcher believes that when the ills are exposed, there would be reformation.
La Scientificite En Langues Africaines : L’exemple Du Kalabari Et De L’ikwerre
Authors: Iyalla-Amadi Priye , Odungweru US
Published: November 2015

Les langues africaines sont souvent ancrées dans un folklore riche, idiomatique et sonore, évocateur des prémices de l’humanité. Mais on peut se demander si elles sont pareillement armées pour exprimer des données objectives et des faits scientifiques. Une opération qui s’avère souvent problématique. Nous présenterons des arguments en faveur de la formulation et de l’invention de termes scientifiques en langues africaines, au travers d’une analyse des éléments du discours technique de langues où ces termes existent. Deux langues africaines du phylum Niger-Congo, le kalabari et l’ikwerre, seront étudiées et comparées à deux langues indo-européennes, l’anglais et le français, en vue de faire évoluer la pratique de la traduction scientifique en langues africaines. Une telle démarche s'inscrit dans l'objectif d'accroître la production de données scientifiques en langues africaines afin de favoriser une révolution technologique sur le continent africain.Mots clés: langues africaines, discours technique, données scientifiques, révolution scientifique.African languages are often synonymous with rich folklore and sonorous cultural renditions, reminiscent of mankind’s primeval beginnings. But what about the linguistic rendition of objective data and scientific  realities? This often poses a challenge. In this paper, a case is made for formulating scientific terms and coinages in African languages by analyzing the components of technical discourse evident in languages that display them. Two African languages of the Niger-Congo phylum, Kalabari and Ikwerre, will be  studied vis-à-vis two European languages of the Indo-European language family: English and French. This  will be done with a view to evolving indigenous scientific translations in African languages. It is expected that such a procedure would result in the prolific production of scientific data in African languages and  ultimately result in a technological breakthrough for the African continent.Key words: African languages, technical discourse, scientific data, technological breakthrough
The Creation and Uses of Letters and Forms in Graphic Illustration
Authors: Bardi Augustine
Published: November 2015

When art was first introduced to Africa and to Nigeria in particular by the missionaries, it never came as a surprise going by the advantages of this profession in the development of the European civilization. The  acceptance of art in Nigeria most especially in schools never got the highest regard particularly among  parents. This is probably because its long run advantages were not clearly spelt out to the society at inception. As a result of this however, the art profession suffered numerous setbacks as few talented people are  presently found embracing its popularity after many years of neglect. The Fundamentals of Art is rather cheap in formation, but remains the basics which any artist will evidently depend on to realise a successful art  career. Many Studios, Workshops and other centres of apprenticeship, have introduced without delay this  basic fundamentals knowing and foreseeing its future advantages in making the next successful art designer,  graphic designer, ceramist, painter, sculptor, fashion designer and textiles designer, interior decorator,  exterior decorator and many more. Creativity is part of creation. The art to the artists remains a function to be researched before execution, and once successfully realised, it becomes a piece to be adorned and ever  cherished.Key Words: Creativity, Schools, Fundamentals, Development, Professionalism, Civilization
Critical Discourse Analysis of Obasanjo’s Letter ‘Before Is Too Late’ to Jonathan
Authors: Ekhareafo Ofomegbe Daniel , Ambrose Chinenye Lynda
Published: November 2015

This paper asserts that language has a close link with politics and is not merely a mode of actions but a means of interaction. Language cannot make sense on its own if not well constructed and channeled. The basic for mutual understanding and communication among interlocutors is hinged on the way and manner language is expressed. The letter coming against the obvious disagreements between the two personae’s, the paper takes a critical discourse analysis of former president Olusegun Obasanjo letter to President Goodluck Jonathan. We conclude that the author used a lot of power and superiority, metaphorical extensions, Linguistic irony, pun and Face Threatening Act to convey the tone of the letter.
Sexual Violence Infrastructures (SVIs): Hotels and Cyberspace as Enablers of Sexual Crimes in Nigeria
Authors: Okorie MM
Published: November 2015

Majority of the literatures on sexual violence in Nigeria deals with the crime from a structural perspective; that is – how the legal system or cultural practices within the society creates an enabling environment for different forms of sexual violence. Only very few of these literatures deal with sexual violence at the micro level; which is, to analyse how individuals plan and carry out acts of sexual violence and what instruments they deploy to successfully facilitate such crimes. This paper attempts to address such gaps. The study draws from a prominent criminology theory – routine activities theory to analyse the necessary conditions under which sexual predators select potential targets or victims. These conditions include the availability of three essential factors: existence of a motivated offender (sexual predator), an attractive target, and that the target must lack capable guidance or protection. It argues further that in Nigeria, hotels and cyberspace have become ‘sexual violence infrastructures’ (SVIs), and essentially veritable instruments used in carrying out sexual violence. In the end, it recommends enhanced surveillance in hotels as a means of curbing their continued use as spaces for sexual crimes.
The Relationship between Philosophy and Culture
Authors: Agbanusi Christian Arinze
Published: November 2015

Over the years, there has been this controversy over the relationship between philosophy and culture. It is an issue that has always polarized scholars including philosophers. On one side, a group of philosophers and  scholars hold the view that philosophy is distinct from culture, whereas an opposing group is of the opinion that the two concepts are merely different names for the same thing. Using analytic and hermeneutic methods,  this work takes a critical look at the two concepts -- philosophy and culture -- with a view to showing the  relationship between them
Book Review: Elisabeth O. Selkirk, The syntax of words
Authors: Udeze Adaobi Nwando , Ngulube Isaac Eyi
Published: November 2015

The Syntax of Words provides a new insight into the study of the structure of words and the system for generating that structure. This treatment is a firm departure from the hitherto traditional notion in the study of morphology which considers words as part of a language’s syntax or grammar and not having its own syntax. But as the author argues, the categories involved in word structure are distinct from those of syntactic structure, and that these two types of structures combine in significant ways. This study thus focuses on the word structure rules along with the structures they define. She presents a general theory of word structure which she exemplifies and defends by the application of facts about compounding and affixation. Her analysis centers solely on English.
Non-elliptic wavevector anisotropy for magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Authors: Narita Y.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. A model of non-elliptic wavevector anisotropy is developed for the inertial-range spectrum of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence and is presented in the two-dimensional wavevector domain spanning the directions parallel and perpendicular to the mean magnetic field. The non-elliptic model is a variation of the elliptic model with different scalings along the parallel and the perpendicular components of the wavevectors to the mean magnetic field. The non-elliptic anisotropy model reproduces the smooth transition of the power-law spectra from an index of −2 in the parallel projection with respect to the mean magnetic field to an index of −5/3 in the perpendicular projection observed in solar wind turbulence, and is as competitive as the critical balance model to explain the measured frequency spectra in the solar wind. The parameters in the non-elliptic spectrum model are compared with the solar wind observations.
pynoddy 1.0: an experimental platform for automated 3-D kinematic and potential field modelling
Authors: Wellmann J. F. , Thiele S. T. , Lindsay M. D. , Jessell M. W.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. We present a novel methodology for performing experiments with subsurface structural models using a set of flexible and extensible Python modules. We utilise the ability of kinematic modelling techniques to describe major deformational, tectonic, and magmatic events at low computational cost to develop experiments testing the interactions between multiple kinematic events, effect of uncertainty regarding event timing, and kinematic properties. These tests are simple to implement and perform, as they are automated within the Python scripting language, allowing the encapsulation of entire kinematic experiments within high-level class definitions and fully reproducible results. In addition, we provide a~link to geophysical potential-field simulations to evaluate the effect of parameter uncertainties on maps of gravity and magnetics. We provide relevant fundamental information on kinematic modelling and our implementation, and showcase the application of our novel methods to investigate the interaction of multiple tectonic events on a pre-defined stratigraphy, the effect of changing kinematic parameters on simulated geophysical potential-fields, and the distribution of uncertain areas in a full 3-D kinematic model, based on estimated uncertainties in kinematic input parameters. Additional possibilities for linking kinematic modelling to subsequent process simulations are discussed, as well as additional aspects of future research. Our modules are freely available on github, including documentation and tutorial examples, and we encourage the contribution to this project.
Elasticity of Demand a Critical Form Tourism Market Position: Understanding Zimbabwe Tourism Destination
Authors: Chigora Farai , Vutete Clever
Published: November 2015

The study investigated the concept of elasticity of demand in relation to Zimbabwe tourism destination performance. The main variables for analysis as drivers for elasticity of demand in Zimbabwe tourism destination have been identified as price charged, tourists’ disposable income, price of other related tourism destinations, marketing and media publicity. The study applied a triangulation research design (both quantitative and qualitative designs). The results of the research showed that price, disposable income and price of other related tourism destinations are critical in enhancing market position of the Zimbabwe tourism destination. Also tourism specified variables which are naturalistic and cultural originality have proved to be on the forefront in improving tourism demand. This is because they are tools which enhance decision making, pricing strategy, government tax levels and price discrimination. The research therefore recommended a low pricing strategy to meet the general economic affordability, aligning to the low disposable income of the locals and matching with the prices charged by other regional and international destinations so as to be competitive and gain market share. Original culture and sustainable management of natural resources have been regarded as pertinent drivers to improve tourism demand in Zimbabwe.
A Comprehensive Survey on Computer Engineering ESP Course in Current Situation of Iranian Universities
Authors: Amin Manoochehri Mohammad , Azadeh Azadeh
Published: November 2015

A successful educational system evaluates existing programs with regard to objectives, instructional procedures, achievements and tries to revise them and develop innovative ones. English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has been planned as a compulsory course for students of all fields of study (except English) in Iranian universities. This survey was conducted to investigate an ESP course in the field of computer engineering in the current situation of Iranian universities by examining instructors’ attitudes. The participants were 30 university instructors from thirteen universities of Iran. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of both quantitative and qualitative items was used as well as one-sample t-test was employed to analyze the data. The results indicated that ESP instructors’ attitudes toward their ESP course were below the expected value. The findings revealed that the current situation of ESP courses in Iran was actually problematic and needed to be rectified. The findings of this study were supported by the research conducted by Mirza Suzani, Yarmohammadi and Yamini, (2011). Different groups could use the findings of this study including course developers, program organizers, policymakers, students and instructors.
Enhancing Curriculum in Epidemiology and Biostatistics through Simulation-Based Learning
Authors: Donnison Sharn , Dunn Peter , Cole Rachel , Bulmer Michael , Roiko Anne , Muller Frank
Published: November 2015

A course in epidemiology and biostatistics, taken by students in health promotion and other public health disciplines, is evaluated and assessed in light of a recent university directive to incorporate blended learning, and the projected increase of online students into the course. A formal curriculum evaluation was informed by qualitative data from academic staff teaching into the course and students enrolled in the course. Five areas of challenge are identified: the volume of content; the authenticity of content; the course scheduling; the disconnection between the two course components; and the authenticity of the assessment. Some potential solutions have been identified, and the use of a virtual human population proposed as an avenue for introducing these solutions in a blended learning context. The process of conducting a formal curriculum evaluation in the context of introducing blended learning may prove useful in higher education courses looking to introduce blended learning, especially in disciplines that require students to interact with people.