bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAGE22-3 Cruise Report: EMAN7 cruise
Authors: Ferré Bénédicte , Panieri Giuliana , Argentino Claudio , Sert Muhammed Fatih , Stetzler Marie , Fallati Luca , Dills Michael Stefan , Petters Sebastian , Rohan Thomas , Barreyre Thibaut , Lien Marie Eide , Kutti Tina , Corrales Jorge , Kjær Michael , Ting Rhoda , Bojesen Mikkel Dahlin , Walta Axel , Jensen Stormer
Published: November 2022

The cruise mainly focused on two areas in the Hola Trough: at node 7 where methane seeps have been mapped, and further north (node 1) where are located cold coral reefs. The aim of the cruise was to characterize the seafloor and local biology, bubbles characteristics, the water column chemistry and methane dynamic. We also performed corals transplant to study adaptation and installed Piezometers and temperature probes for fluid flow calculation.

The cruise may be known as: CAGE22_3
CAGE22-6 cruise report: GEO-3144/8144 Teaching Cruise: Geologically controlled hydrocarbon seepage in Hopendjupet and the wider Barents Sea
Authors: Serov Pavel , Patton Henry , Mazzini Adriano , Mattingsdal Rune , Shephard Grace , Cooke Frances A. , Martins de Aguiar Victor Cesar , Holm Villads D. , Alessandrini Giuliana , Meza Cala Juan Camilo , Luerssen Paula
Published: November 2022

The CAGE22-6 cruise on-board R/V Helmer Hanssen hosted UiT´s Arctic Marine Geology and Geophysics (GEO-8144 and GEO-3144) field course for PhD and Master students, and was carried out in collaboration with NPD – the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate and the INTPART project HOTMUD based at Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED) the University of Oslo. The cruise was also a part of the UNESCO Training Through Research program (formerly, The Floating University) and in the framework of this project is also coded as TTR22.
The main scientific objectives of the cruise were to investigate: geological controls on fluid-flow dynamics on an uplifted, repeatedly glaciated, and eroded Northern Norwegian Barents Sea shelf and, the fate of the released hydrocarbons in the water column, on the sea surface, and in the atmosphere.
The cruise may be known as: CAGE22_6
CAGE18-2 Cruise Report: LoVe site – exploration around node 7
Authors: Ferré Bénédicte
Published: November 2022

The cruise was conducted from May 20th to 27th 2018 as part of the Centre of Excellence for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate (CAGE) at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway.

The main goal of the cruise was to explore the area around Node 7 as part of the LoVe (Lofoten-Vesterålen) observatory. The first phase of the LoVe project was founded by Statoil in was first launched in 2013 to observe a cold coral reef. This area is known to be an oceanographic hotspot because the shelf is very narrow and northern drift of warm Atlantic water is concentrated and very dynamic in this area. It is also a biological hotspot because the large oceanic fish stocks are passing through or spawn in the area. It is finally an economic hotspot because the area is expected to hold large oil and gas resources but exploitation of these resources is controversial because of the importance for fish and fishermen in this region. The observatory has 12 sensors on the platform today including a camera looking at the coral reef and echosounders to study the biology.

The second phase of LoVe was granted by the Research Council of Norway in 2015 through the Infrastructure programme, with a network of nodes crossing the main oceanographic and biological processes. The various nodes of the planned transect have specific objectives, and in particular, node 7 is located on top of methane seepages which CAGE is in charge.

The present cruise aimed at performing echosounder and multibeam surveys as well as performing water samples and CTD casts around node 7 and known seepage area. The addressed scientific topics include quantification of methane concentration in the water column, temperature and salinity (via CTD casts), echosounder and multibeam signals and current (amplitude and direction)

The cruise may be known as: CAGE18_2
Soil properties under different ecological restoration modes for the quarry in Yanshan mountains of Hebei province, China
Authors: Ma Jianjun , Li Chenyao , Hui Liu , Wang Jing , Fan Yongjun
Published: November 2022

The ecological environment of quarry mining area is fragile, and the vegetation restoration cycle is long and difficult, so scientific and appropriate artificial vegetation is of great significance to ecological restoration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the herbaceous and woody vegetation restoration, including Medicago sativa (Me), artificial miscellaneous grass (Mg), Rhus typhina (Rh), fruit orchard (Or) and Pinus tabulaeformis (Pi), to investigate the soil physicochemical properties and the structure of the microbial communities, and to reveal the correlation between them. The results addressed that Medicago sativa and artificial miscellaneous grass had significant effect on soil remediation, which were conducive to scientific and efficient ecological restoration, and could promote ecological restoration in the damaged ecosystems. While, the modes of Rh and Pi were not suitable for ecological restoration in this study area because they had strong allelopathy. Another arborous restoration mode of Or showed a better improvement effect (including soil nutrients, soil microbial diversity, etc.) than that of Rh and Pi. The findings also indicated that the herbaceous vegetation restoration modes of Me and Mg significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria bacteria, Ascomycota and Mortierllomycota fungi, and reduced the relative abundance of Firmicutes bacteria and Basidiomycota fungi. This study also revealed that the trend of bacterial localization in the fruit orchard, artificial miscellaneous grass and Medicago sativa was more obvious. Among many soil abiotic factors, the contents of organic matter, available nitrogen and pH were the most important factors affecting soil microbial community.
Természeti kockázatok kezelésének tapasztalatai a hazai növénytermesztésben, 2012–2017
Authors: Fogarasi József , Kemény Gábor , Keményné Horváth Zsuzsanna , Kóti Adrienn , Lőrincz Katalin , Miskó Krisztina , Péter Krisztina , Zubor-Nemes Anna
Published: November 2022

Az éghajlatváltozás hatására a szélsőséges időjárási jelenségek előfordulása egyre nő. A fokozódó időjárási anomáliák miatt a meteorológiai kockázatok erősödése jellemzi a mezőgazdasági termelést, ezért kiemelten szükséges foglalkozni a kockázatkezelés kérdésével mind termelői, mind pedig szakpolitikai szinten. A klímaváltozás témaköre az Európai Unió agrárpolitikájában egyre nagyobb hangsúlyt kap, a 2021–2027-es ciklusban a Közös Agrárpolitika (KAP) költségvetési keret 40 százalékának környezetvédelmi és éghajlat-politikai célokat kell szolgálnia, valamint az EMVA-források legalább 30 százalékát ezekre a célokra kell fordítani. Magyarországon 2012-ben kezdte meg működését a kétpilléres mezőgazdasági kockázatkezelési rendszer, amely kárenyhítéssel és a mezőgazdasági biztosítások díjtámogatásával segíti a termelőket. Bevezetése óta a rendszer működésének nyomon követésére és értékelésére évről évre sor került a részt vevő intézmények által, és a monitoringtapasztalatok alapján több alkalommal is módosult a szabályozás, biztosítva ezzel a rendszer minél hatékonyabb működését. Tanulmányunk elsődleges célja, hogy áttekintse a mezőgazdasági kockázatkezelési rendszer elmúlt évekbeli működését és feltárja annak esetleges anomáliáit. Elsőként globális kitekintés keretében mutatjuk be a különböző mezőgazdasági kockázatkezelési gyakorlatok változását az elmúlt évtizedben az USA-ban és Kínában, a két legnagyobb biztosítási piaccal rendelkező országban, valamint az Európai Unióban. A nemzetközi helyzet ismertetését a hazai mezőgazdasági kockázatkezelési rendszer hatéves (2012–2017) működésének és eredményeinek tényalapú értékelése követi. A rendszer gyakorlati működésének anomáliáit, esetleges továbbfejlesztési lehetőségeit az érintett hivatalok, biztosítók, érdekvédelmi szervezetek képviselőivel készített mélyinterjúk keretében tártuk fel. A tanulmány utolsó részében azoknak a vizsgálatoknak az eredményeit mutatjuk be, amelyek szempontokat nyújtanak a rendszer esetleges továbbfejlesztéséhez. Többek között kitérünk az előző évi károsodáson, illetve kármentességen alapuló bónusz-málusz rendszer bevezetésének lehetőségére.
Performance of Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc) Trotter] Varieties Influenced by Soil Compaction and Sowing Dates in Toke Kutaye District in Ethiopia
Authors: Akawake Abdissa , Ashagre Habtamu , Abraham Thomas
Published: November 2022

Tef is the most cultivated crop in terms of area and second most produced crop after maize in Ethiopia. Soil compaction, inaccurate sowing date and shortage of high-yielding varieties are crucial problems in the study area. Therefore, this experiment was carried out during the main cropping season of 2021 to study the effects of soil compaction, sowing dates and tef varieties on yield and yield components of tef in Toke Kutaye district. The treatments included soil compaction (compacted and un-compacted soil), three sowing dates and three tef varieties such as [Dedefe (as standard check), Quncho and Dagim]. Treatments were factorially arranged and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of the data indicated that days to 50% emergence, days to 50% panicle emergence, days to 90% physiological maturity and number of productive tillers of tef were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by main effect of soil compaction, sowing dates and varieties. Plant height, panicle length, total number of tillers, above-ground biomass yield, grain yield and straw yield of tef were significantly affected by the interaction of three factors. Highest plant height (124.26 cm), panicle length (36.26 cm), above-ground biomass yield (7.47 t ha-1), and grain yield (2.8 t ha-1) were recorded from un-compacted soil, in early sown Dagim variety. Therefore, farmers in the study area are advised to grow Dagim variety with July 15 sowing date without trampling the soil to improve tef production and yield. However, the experiment has to be repeated across locations and seasons to provide a reliable recommendation for improved tef production for similar agroecology.
Strength Characteristics of Concrete Partially Replaced with Glass Powder and Palm Kernel Shells
Authors: Junior John K. Quarm , Kankam Charles K. , Dzivenu Christopher K. , Akortia Vincent K.
Published: November 2022

In view of the ever depletion of sources of construction materials, there is a need to explore the feasibility of using palm kernel shells and glass as replacements for natural crushed aggregates in Portland cement concrete. Concrete specimens produced with 25% palm kernel shells as partial replacement of coarse aggregate and varying percentages of recycled glass powder as pozzolana were tested for their workability, compressive strength, and tensile strength. Six different concrete specimens were prepared using recycled glass powder contents of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% in 1:2:4 concrete mix for compressive strength and split tensile strength. Palm kernel shells and recycled glass powder pozzolana were respectively found to be good replacements for natural aggregates and cement in concrete production. With regard to the workability of the concrete, it was found that palm kernel shells and recycled glass powder concrete had similar characteristics to conventional concrete mixes. Partially replaced palm kernel shells and recycled glass powder showed a strength variation of about 15% from natural crushed aggregate concrete. It is recommended that glass powder pozzolana in 25% palm kernel shell aggregate concrete should not exceed 15%.
Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: Literature Review
Authors: Baig Iman , Azam Saima , Mushtaq Talha Bin
Published: November 2022

Artificial Intelligence has exploded as a research subject in the 21st century as the hardware requirements of theoretical Artificial intelligence in the 19th and 20th century have translated into reality. This has led to rapid progress with the realization of multiple kinds of neural networks, as well as improvements along classical Machine Learning models like Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines etc. Most recently, the focus in Machine Learning has now shifted towards generative networks with Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) leading modern research topics.

With advent of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and modern time leaps in the domain of Artificial Intelligence with the explosion of Machine and Deep Learning, Medical AI has grasped the central stage in modern research. Applications of Medical AI vary from detections of various cancerous tumors to prediction of arrhythmia attacks. The augmentation of such AI embedded techniques into the medical profession has streamlined analysis as well as aided professionals in reaching a more efficient and accurate diagnosis. This has also translated in the field of dentistry where strong deep learning architectures such as Convolutional neural networks in the form of Resnet, Inception, GoogleNet etc have been used to process raw images and detect a range of dental diseases.

This paper aims to provide an overview of progress made in the field of Machine Learning particularly focusing on its medical and dental applications. Different facets of Machine Learning are discussed with respect to their strengths, shortcomings, and the way artificial intelligence has been used to tackle problems in the medical field. Finally, a descriptive overview about state-of-the-art machine learning reliant applications that are being used in different dental subfields is discussed along with current challenges the industry faces today.
Rodas de conversas virtuais no cuidado em saúde
Authors: Choqueta de Toledo Arruda Alessandra , Máximo Prado Carla , Eduardo Zikan Fernando , Garcia Tavares Verônica , Vicente da Silva Renan , Rodrigues Italo de Paula Prata Beatriz , Da Silva Melo Isabella , Alvim Corrêa Laura
Published: November 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo trazer relatos de experiência, reflexões e narrativas sobre as rodas de conversas realizadas virtualmente no projeto de extensão universitária Inspiração. Este projeto tem como foco o atendimento por telerreabilitação de pacientes com síndrome pós-Covid e vem sendo desenvolvido junto aos moradores do conjunto de favelas da Maré. As rodas de conversa têm sido realizadas de forma virtual, encurtando distâncias, reduzindo custos, tempo de deslocamento e trazido um local de fala, escuta, acolhimento e partilha, que demonstram a importância de um espaço de cuidado e promoção em saúde em tempos de pandemia. Essa troca de experiências e construção de laços afetivos entre pacientes e terapeutas foi fundamental para o estabelecimento dos fluxos de trabalho do projeto, além de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de profissionais e estudantes mais sensíveis às demandas do próximo, o que pode interferir positivamente no resultado do tratamento proposto.
COVID-19 in Canada—The Fourth Through Seventh Waves
Authors: Detsky Allan S. , Bogoch Isaac I.
Published: November 2022

This Viewpoint discusses Canada’s experience and response to COVID-19 pandemic–related events during the fourth through seventh waves.
Use of Computed Tomography of the Head in Patients With Acute Atraumatic Altered Mental Status
Authors: Acharya Roshan , Kafle Smita , Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Sedhai Yub Raj , Ghimire Meera , Khanal Kishor , Malla Queen Baba , Nepal Uttam , Shrestha Rojina , Giri Badri
Published: November 2022

Importance

The usefulness of computed tomography of the head (CTH) in patients with acute-onset atraumatic altered mental status (AMS) is poorly understood, but use in these patients remains high.

Objective

To evaluate the use of CTH (event rate) in patients with AMS and the positive outcome event rate of the performed CTH studies.

Data Sources

The PubMed/MEDLINE, PubMed Central, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched using predefined Boolean parameters. All studies that met inclusion criteria until January 31, 2022, were included.

Study Selection

Randomized clinical trials and observational, cohort, and case-control studies were included. Conference abstracts, reviews, letters, case reports, case series, systematic literature, and meta-analyses were excluded.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

The systematic literature review was performed per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Data were independently extracted by 2 authors. Data were pooled using a random-effects method.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Event rate of CTH use in patients with acute atraumatic AMS. The CTH event rates and positive CTH event rates were calculated with 95% CIs.

Results

Of 9338 studies identified, 26 qualified for the systematic review and 25 for the meta-analysis. The 25 studies in the meta-analysis included a total of 79 201 patients. The CTH event rate was 94% (proportion, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.76-1.00), and the positive CTH event rate was 11% (proportion, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.07-0.15). There was significant heterogeneity among the studies included (I2 > 50%, P < .001), for which a random-effects model was used. There was significant publication bias, as evident by an asymmetric funnel plot. There was no fluctuation of the results during the sensitivity analysis, which reassured the reliability of the data.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this meta-analysis, CTH use among patients with acute-onset atraumatic AMS was very high with a low yield. Large-scale studies are needed to guide clinical decision-making in such a situation.
Cumulative Payments Through the Earned Income Tax Credit Program in Childhood and Criminal Conviction During Adolescence in the US
Authors: Moe Caitlin A. , Kovski Nicole L. , Dalve Kimberly , Leibbrand Christine , Mooney Stephen J. , Hill Heather D. , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali
Published: November 2022

Importance

Childhood poverty is associated with poor health and behavioral outcomes. The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), first implemented in 1975, is the largest cash transfer program for working families with low income in the US.

Objective

To assess whether cumulative EITC payments received during childhood are associated with the risk of criminal conviction during adolescence.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study, the analytic sample consisted of US children enrolled in the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth. The children were born between 1979 and 1998 and were interviewed as adolescents (age 15-19 years) between 1994 and 2016. Data analyses were performed from May 2021 to September 2022.

Exposure

Cumulative simulated EITC received by the individual’s family from birth through age 14 years.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was dichotomous, self-reported conviction for a crime during adolescence (age 14-18 years). A cumulative, simulated measure of mean EITC benefits received by a child’s family from birth through age 14 years was derived from federal, state, and family-size differences in EITC eligibility and payments during the study period to capture EITC benefit variation due to differences in policy parameters but not endogenous factors such as changes in household income. Logistic regression models with fixed effects for state and year and robust SEs clustered by mother estimated relative risk of adolescent conviction. Models were adjusted for state-, mother-, and child-level covariates.

Results

The analytical sample consisted of 5492 adolescents born between 1979 and 1998; 2762 (50.3%) were male, 1648 (30.0%) were Black, 1125 (20.5%) were Hispanic, and 2719 (49.5%) were not Black or Hispanic. Each additional $1000 of EITC received during childhood was associated with an 11% lower risk of self-reported criminal conviction during adolescence (adjusted odds ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.84-0.95). Adjusted risk differences were larger among boys (−14.2 self-reported convictions per 1000 population [95% CI, −22.0 to −6.3 per 1000 population]) than among girls (−6.2 per 1000 population [95% CI, −10.7 to −1.6 per 1000 population]).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings suggest that income support from the EITC may be associated with reduced youth involvement with the criminal justice system in the US. Cost-benefit analyses of the EITC should consider these longer-term and indirect outcomes.
ADA: Jail by jail, state by state, inmates allowed methadone and buprenorphine
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2022

In one of the most recent cases, the federal Department of Justice (DOJ) announced last week that a local jail must allow inmates to take their opioid use disorder (OUD) medication. In this case, the jail, the Lexington‐Fayette Urban County Government's Department of Community Corrections in Kentucky, agreed with the DOJ that it must allow inmates to remain on their medication, as is required under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
Experts debate if M.D.s can mitigate risk of accidental cannabis ingestion by kids
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: November 2022

Authors of a new commentary suggest that physicians can play an important role in educating families about the dangers of children unintentionally ingesting cannabis in improperly stored edibles, similar to how they have warned of the risk around firearms in the home. Yet, a Massachusetts General Hospital physician and cannabis expert said he thinks that the influence of most doctors on this issue has been diminished by their steadfast refusal to acknowledge any benefits of medical marijuana.
Tailoring Structure‐Borne Sound through Bandgap Engineering in Phononic Crystals and Metamaterials: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Oudich Mourad , Gerard Nikhil JRK , Deng Yuanchen , Jing Yun
Published: November 2022

In solid state physics, a bandgap (BG) refers to a range of energies where no electronic states can exist. This concept was extended to classical waves, spawning the entire fields of photonic and phononic crystals where BGs are frequency (or wavelength) intervals where wave propagation is prohibited. For elastic waves, BGs are found in periodically alternating mechanical properties (i.e., stiffness and density). This gives birth to phononic crystals and later elastic metamaterials that have enabled unprecedented functionalities for a wide range of applications. Planar metamaterials are built for vibration shielding, while a myriad of works focus on integrating phononic crystals in microsystems for filtering, waveguiding, and dynamical strain energy confinement in optomechanical systems. Furthermore, the past decade has witnessed the rise of topological insulators, which leads to the creation of elastodynamic analogs of topological insulators for robust manipulation of mechanical waves. Meanwhile, additive manufacturing has enabled the realization of 3D architected elastic metamaterials, which extends their functionalities. This review aims to comprehensively delineate the rich physical background and the state‐of‐the art in elastic metamaterials and phononic crystals that possess engineered BGs for different functionalities and applications, and to provide a roadmap for future directions of these manmade materials.
Atomically Interlocked Chemistry Activated by Interstitial Sites in LiMn2O4 Cathode
Authors: Zhang Shu , Chen Hongyi , Chen Jun , Fang Susu , Ni Lianshan , Wang Haoji , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo
Published: November 2022

The extensive applications of spinel LiMn2O4 (LMO) are severely plagued by grievous capacity degradation and structural collapse, mainly ascribed to deleterious Jahn−Teller distortion and subsequent dissolution of Mn2+. Herein, highly stable LMO with atomic interlocking effect is rationally designed via engineering Al into the unoccupied 16c sites. The local coordination environment of the surficial MnO6 octahedron is reconstructed by robust Al−O band coherency, giving strengthened lattice oxygen skeleton and constraining heterophase evolution with the suppression of Jahn−Teller distortion, validated by theoretical calculations coupled with synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectrum. Concomitantly, with the occupation of Al in interstitial site, the migration of Mn is effectively restrained, directly observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy, leading to the inhibition of inactivation as well as dissolution loss of Mn. Resultantly, splendid long cycling stability of Al‐LMO after 1000 loops with only 0.019% capacity fading per cycle is presented. Given this, this elaborate study can provide an ingenious avenue for regulating the structure/interface chemistry architecture in electrode materials.
Ceramic Wafer Scintillation Screen by Utilizing Near‐Unity Blue‐Emitting Lead‐Free Metal Halide (C8H20N)2Cu2Br4
Authors: Su Binbin , Jin Jiance , Han Kai , Xia Zhiguo
Published: November 2022

Scintillators with high light yield, low detection limit, large X‐ray attenuation efficiency as well as stable and nontoxic compositions are of great importance for radiation detection applications. Here, 0D (C8H20N)2Cu2Br4 single crystals are obtained and show blue emission peaking at 468 nm with a near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield of 99.7%, a large Stokes shift of 148 nm (i.e., negligible self‐absorption), and a good environmental stability along with strong X‐ray absorption capability. Moreover, a high light yield of up to ≈ 91 300 photons/MeV and a low detection limit of 52.1 nGyair s−1 are realized, which is more than one hundred times lower than the dose rate of 5.5 µGyair s−1 required for X‐ray medical diagnostics. (C8H20N)2Cu2Br4 ceramic wafer scintillation screen is fabricated by a cold pressing sintering process, and the clear contrast images of opaque metal box and electronic component with a spatial resolution of 9.54 lp mm−1 are realized. This study not only designs a new lead‐free metal halide scintillator, but also develops a universal strategy for the preparation of large‐sized scintillator screen in nondestructive X‐ray imaging.
Fouling‐Proof Cooling (FP‐Cool) Fabric Hybrid with Enhanced Sweat‐Elimination and Heat‐Dissipation for Personal Thermal Regulation
Authors: Li Feiran , Wang Shuai , Wang Ziran , Jiang Keda , Zhao Xuezeng , Shao Lu , Pan Yunlu
Published: November 2022

Passive cooling fabric that facilitates sweat‐wicking and evaporation is highly desirable for promoting human body's thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption. However, highly hydrophilic sweat‐wicking fabric fails to repel external fouling due to the contradiction between hydrophilicity and lyophobicity. Moreover, conventional passive cooling fabrics show limited evaporation capacity when they reach the adsorption limit in intense perspiration scenarios. Herein, a fouling‐proof cooling (FP‐Cool) fabric with an interactive functional structure design for highly‐efficient personal thermal regulation is proposed by constructing spatially distributed superoleophobic Janus channels on an optimized heat conductive superomniphobic fabric. The dominant superomniphobicity and superoleophobic Janus feature endow the outer FP‐Cool fabric with durable performance (up to 3000 cycles’ abrasion) to repel oil/water‐based contaminations. The Janus channels rapidly pull sweat out of the inner fabric for efficient evaporation, ensuring a dry sense of skin. The FP‐Cool fabric preserves 40% higher thermal conductivity, and over 50% higher evaporation rate than conventional fabrics. In the sweat evaporation test, the FP‐Cool fabric shows up to 100% reduction in sweat gain ratio to cotton fabric. The concept would have implications for intelligent textiles design, and the synthesis strategy can be applied in various applications such as oil‐water separation and microfluidics control.
Ultrastable Fe–N–C Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts by Eliminating Non‐Coordinating Nitrogen and Regulating Coordination Structures at High Temperatures
Authors: Xia Dongsheng , Tang Xuan , Dai Sheng , Ge Rile , Rykov Alexander , Wang Junhu , Huang Tzu‐Hsi , Wang Kuan‐Wen , Wei Yinping , Zhang Kai , Li Jia , Gan Lin , Kang Feiyu
Published: November 2022

Pyrolyzed Fe–N–C materials have attracted considerable interest as one of the most active noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Despite significant progress is made in improving their catalytic activity during past decades, the Fe–N–C catalysts still suffer from fairly poor electrochemical and storage stability, which greatly hurdles their practical application. Here, an effective strategy is developed to greatly improve their catalytic stability in PEMFCs and storage stability by virtue of previously unexplored high‐temperature synthetic chemistry between 1100 and 1200 °C. Pyrolysis at this rarely adopted temperature range not only enables the elimination of less active nitrogen‐doped carbon sites that generate detrimental peroxide byproduct but also regulates the coordination structure of Fe–N–C from less stable D1 (O–FeN4C12) to a more stable D2 structure (FeN4C10). The optimized Fe–N–C catalyst exhibits excellent stability in PEMFCs (>80% performance retention after 30 h under H2/O2 condition) and no activity loss after 35 day storage while maintaining a competitive ORR activity and PEMFC performance.
Zn‐Doped P‐Type InAs Nanocrystal Quantum Dots
Authors: Asor Lior , Liu Jing , Xiang Shuting , Tessler Nir , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Banin Uri
Published: November 2022

Doped heavy metal‐free III–V semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) are of great interest both from the fundamental aspects of doping in highly confined structures, and from the applicative side of utilizing such building blocks in the fabrication of p–n homojunction devices. InAs nanocrystals (NCs), that are of particular relevance for short‐wave IR detection and emission applications, manifest heavy n‐type character poising a challenge for their transition to p‐type behavior. The p‐type doping of InAs NCs is presented with Zn – enabling control over the charge carrier type in InAs QDs field effect transistors. The post‐synthesis doping reaction mechanism is studied for Zn precursors with varying reactivity. Successful p‐type doping is achieved by the more reactive precursor, diethylzinc. Substitutional doping by Zn2+ replacing In3+ is established by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy analysis. Furthermore, enhanced near infrared photoluminescence is observed due to surface passivation by Zn as indicated from elemental mapping utilizing high‐resolution electron microscopy corroborated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy study. The demonstrated ability to control the carrier type, along with the improved emission characteristics, paves the way towards fabrication of optoelectronic devices active in the short‐wave infrared region utilizing heavy‐metal free nanocrystal building blocks.
A Highly Crystalline Single Layer 2D Polymer for Low Variability and Excellent Scalability Molecular Memristors
Authors: Liu Lei , Geng Bowen , Ji Wenyan , Wu Lingli , Lei Shengbin , Hu Wenping
Published: November 2022

Large‐scale growth of highly crystalline single layer 2D polymers (SL‐2DPs) and their subsequent integration into memristors is key to advancing the development of high‐density data storage devices. However, leakage problems resulting from the porous structure of 2DPs continue to make such advances extremely challenging. Herein, we overcome this issue by incorporating long alkoxy chains into key molecular building blocks to obtain a highly crystalline 2DP, as visualized by scanning tunneling microscopy, and prevent metal permeation in the subsequent device fabrication process. SL‐2DP memristors constructed via direct evaporation of the top electrodes exhibit low variability (σVset = 0.14) due to the single‐monomer‐thick feature together with the high regular structure and coordination ability which minimizes the stochastic spatial distribution of conductive filaments (CFs) in both vertical and lateral dimensions. The variability is further decreased to 0.04 by confining the formation and fracture of CFs to the interface through the utilization of bilayer junctions. Using peak force tunneling atomic force microscopy, the nanometer scalability (< 50 nm2) and low power consumption of these molecular memristor devices are demonstrated.
3D‐Cell Spotter Cooperated High‐Throughput Screening (HTS) for Estimating Targeted Drugs in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Lee Sang‐Yun , Hwang Hyun Ju , Lee Dong Woo
Published: November 2022

A 3D‐cell spotter is developed to maximize the efficiency of 3D cell‐based high‐throughput screening (3D‐HTS). The performance of 3D‐HTS is verified through heatmap analysis for distinguishing responses to targeted drugs according to the expression of HER2 in breast cancer cells. Under 2D culture, the expression of cell proliferation receptors is lost as cells adhere to the bottom of the plate. To address this issue, alginate is applied as an extracellular matrix to the 3D cell culture to maintain the expression of tumor‐associated proteins. In general, higher drug resistance is observed with 3D‐HTS. However, increased drug resistance does not necessarily mean decreased analytical sensitivity to drug responsiveness. In particular, with 3D‐HTS, EGFR‐targeted drug reactivity to HER2‐positive and ‐negative cell lines are distinguished by a higher positive/negative (P/N) score, and more combinations of strong correlations between EGFR‐targeted drugs are observed. After confirming the reactivity of 65 drugs using previous analysis results with heatmap analysis, two new non‐EGFR‐targeted drugs with excellent efficacy against breast cancer cells are identified. To verify this, high‐content imaging analysis is conducted to assess their ability to inhibit phospho‐EGFR activity. Therefore, the 3D‐HTS‐based heatmap analysis method is useful for analyzing the efficacy of targeted drugs against breast cancer cells.
Axle Box Resonance Excitation Model Based on Wheelset Polygon and Its Resonance Characteristic Analysis in High‐Speed Train
Authors: Yi Cai , Huo Haoxiang , Liao Xiaokang , Wang Hao , Lin Jianhui
Published: November 2022

By grasping the vibration characteristics of the wheelset, the service state of the wheel can be reversely deduced. In this paper, the dynamic model of a rigid–flexible coupling vehicle system, considering wheelset flexibility and axle box flexibility, is established, and a novel resonance excitation loading method for axle box is proposed. Through this method, the vertical force of the wheel‐rail and the resonance response of the axle box vibration under different rigid–flexible combinations of wheelset axle box are obtained. The resonance response characteristics of the axle box of the wheelset and the main factors affecting the resonance characteristics are analyzed. Results show that the bending mode of the wheelset considerably affects the vibration characteristics of the axle box. The mass, the moment of inertia around the x‐axis, and the position of the center of gravity of the axle box also greatly affect the resonance characteristics of the wheel‐to‐axle box.
Variance‐Based Global Sensitivity Analysis: A Methodological Framework and Case Study for Microkinetic Modeling
Authors: van den Boorn Bart F. H. , van Berkel Matthijs , Bieberle‐Hütter Anja
Published: November 2022

Chemical models are built up from chemical reactions and parameters. Each of these parameters has a degree of uncertainty. Sensitivity analysis has proven to be an important tool to quantify and trace this uncertainty to specific input parameters. In this study, the methodology of a prominent global sensitivity analysis method, that is, Sobol's variance‐based method, is presented for chemical modeling with a focus on microkinetic modeling. Sobol's method is developed to be used as an analysis framework, which—once set‐up for microkinetic modeling—can easily be used for different models. This analysis framework is successfully demonstrated by means of two case studies from the field of microkinetic modeling: 1) CO oxidation and 2) oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the photoanode in a photo‐electrochemical cell. The results give insight into the influence of each input parameter on the output uncertainty. For CO oxidation, it is found that the temperature and chemisorption energies have most impact on the output. For the OER model, the valence band energy and solvent reorganization energy are most influential. Based on this, a workflow is proposed incorporating the sensitivity analysis into the modeling process, aimed at reducing the output uncertainty and at validating and optimizing the model.
High Performance Polarization‐Resolved Photodetectors Based on Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Gao Yerun , Liao Jiawen , Chen Haoyu , Ning Haijun , Wu Qinghe , Li Zhilin , Wang Zhenye , Zhang Xinliang , Shao Ming , Yu Yu
Published: November 2022

Polarization‐sensitive photodetectors based on anisotropic semiconductors sense both the intensity and polarization state information without extra optical components. Here, a self‐powered organic photodetector (OPD) composed of intrinsically stretchable polymer donor PNTB6‐Cl and non‐fullerene acceptor Y6 is reported. The PNTB6‐Cl:Y6 photoactive film accommodates a remarkable 100% strain without fracture, exhibiting a high optical anisotropy of 1.8 after strain alignment. The resulting OPD not only shows an impressive faint‐light detection capability (high spectral responsivity of 0.45 A W−1 and high specific detectivity of 1012 Jones), but also has a high anisotropic responsivity ratio of 1.42 under the illumination of parallel and traversed polarized light. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, both the detector performance and polarization features are among the best‐performing OPDs and polarization‐sensitive photodetectors. As a proof‐of‐concept, polarization‐sensitive OPDs are also utilized to set up a polarimetric imaging system and full‐Stokes polarimeter. This work explores the potential of highly stretchable organic semiconductors for state‐of‐art polarization imaging and spectroscopy applications.
Synthesis of MAX Phase Nanofibers and Nanoflakes and the Resulting MXenes
Authors: Shao Hui , Luo Sha , Descamps‐Mandine Armel , Ge Kangkang , Lin Zifeng , Taberna Pierre‐Louis , Gogotsi Yury , Simon Patrice
Published: November 2022

Layered ternary carbides and nitrides, also known as MAX phases, have attracted enormous attention for many applications, especially as precursors to produce 2D metal carbides and nitrides called MXenes. However, it is still challenging to tune and control the shape/morphology of MAX phase particles at the nanoscale, as they are typically manufactured as large grains using ceramic technology. Herein, nanostructured Ti‐Al‐C MAX phases with fine‐tuned morphology of nanofibers and nanoflakes are prepared by using 1D and 2D carbon precursors at a synthesis temperature of 900 °C. The nanostructured MAX phases are used as precursors to produce nanosized multilayered MXenes, with a considerably shorter etching time and a low reaction temperature. These nanosized MXenes exhibit good electrochemical lithium‐ion storage properties and a pseudocapacitive electrochemical signature. The obtained Ti2CTx MXene electrode can deliver delithiation capacity of 300 mAh g−1 at low rates and 100 mAh g−1 when the lithiation/delithiation cycle happens within 30 s. Availability of nanoscale MAX phases and MXene nanoflakes with small lateral size may open new opportunities for both classes of materials.
Fusion of Complementary 2D and 3D Mesostructural Datasets Using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Dahari Amir , Kench Steve , Squires Isaac , Cooper Samuel J.
Published: November 2022

Modelling the impact of a material's mesostructure on device level performance typically requires access to 3D image data containing all the relevant information to define the geometry of the simulation domain. This image data must include sufficient contrast between phases, be of high enough resolution to capture the key details, but also have a large enough 3D field‐of‐view to be representative of the material in general. It is rarely possible to obtain data with all of these properties from a single imaging technique. In this paper, we present a method for combining information from pairs of distinct but complementary imaging techniques in order to accurately reconstruct the desired multi‐phase, high‐resolution, representative, 3D images. Specifically, the deep convolutional generative adversarial networks to implement super‐resolution, style‐transfer and dimensionality expansion. It is believed that this data‐driven approach is superior to previously reported statistical material reconstruction methods, both in terms of its fidelity and ease of use. Furthermore, much of the data required to train this algorithm already exists in the literature, waiting to be combined. As such, our open‐source code could precipitate a step change in the materials sciences by generating the desired high quality image volumes necessary to simulate behaviour at the mesoscale.
Foldable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Enabled by Mechanically Engineered Ultrathin Indium‐Tin‐Oxide Electrodes
Authors: Kim Unsoo , Han Minsung , Jang Jihun , Shin Jooyeon , Park Mincheol , Byeon Junseop , Choi Mansoo
Published: November 2022

Flexible transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) play a critical role when achieving highly flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for potential applications such as wearable, portable, and aerospace power sources. Despite extensive exploration of electrode materials and substrate engineering, there have been few reports on flexible PSCs with both satisfactory performance and flexibility. Here, highly conductive indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) based ultrathin TCEs are developed for highly efficient, and foldable perovskite solar cells and modules. By introducing an additional aluminum oxide (AlOx) layer to the substrate, deformation‐free ITO‐based ultrathin (≈10 µm) TCEs are successfully fabricated. A champion flexible perovskite solar cell and module using ultrathin TCEs achieve efficiencies of 19.16% and 13.26% (aperture areas of 0.078 and 16 cm2), respectively, outperforming reference devices using commercial high‐performing flexible TCEs. The modules maintain 100% and 92% of their initial performance after 10 000 bending cycles with a radius of 1 and 0.5 mm, respectively, which is unprecedented on module scale.
Ancestral reconstruction and correlation of the frequencies of the hemoglobin S allele and the Duffy blood group alleles in human populations
Authors: Ortega Diana Carolina , Cárdenas Heiber , González Ranulfo , Barreto Guillermo
Published: November 2022

Objectives: Malaria is an important selective force for human genetic adaptation due to the sustained, lethal impact it has had on populations worldwide. High frequencies of both hemoglobin S and the null allele FYBES of the Duffy blood group have been found in areas where this disease is endemic, attributed to the protective action of the carriers of these variants against malaria infection. The objective of this work was to perform ancestral reconstruction and analyze the correlation of the frequencies of these alleles throughout the phylogeny of 24 human populations.

Methods: A tree topology and the allelic frequencies reported in the literature for the 24 populations were used. The ancestral frequencies for the two alleles were reconstructed using the maximum likelihood method and the Brownian model of evolution (CI = 95%), and the correlation analysis was performed using phylogenetically independent contrasts (PICs). Statistical analyses were performed with the statistical software R version 3.4.1.

Results: For both alleles, a correspondence was found in the reconstruction of the ancestral frequencies, and a significant statistical correlation (p = .001) was observed between the S and FYBES alleles.

Conclusions: These results provide evidence of an epistatic relationship between the two alleles, which may influence the fitness of the individuals who present with them when they are subjected to a selective force such as malaria.
Genetic adaptations to potato starch digestion in thePeruvian Andes
Authors: Jorgensen Kelsey , Garcia Obed A. , Kiyamu Melisa , Brutsaert Tom D. , Bigham Abigail W.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Potatoes are an important staple crop across the world and particularly in the Andes, where they were cultivated as early as 10,000 years ago. Ancient Andean populations that relied upon this high‐starch food to survive could possess genetic adaptation(s) to digest potato starch more efficiently. Here, we analyzed genomic data to identify whether this putative adaptation is still present in their modern‐day descendants, namely Peruvians of Indigenous American ancestry.

Materials and methods

We applied several tests to detect signatures of natural selection in genes associated with starch‐digestion,AMY1,AMY2,SI, andMGAMin Peruvians. These were compared to two populations who only recently incorporated potatoes into their diets, Han Chinese and West Africans.

Results

Overlapping statistical results identified a regional haplotype inMGAMthat is unique to Peruvians. The age of this haplotype was estimated to be around 9547 years old.

Discussion

TheMGAMhaplotype in Peruvians lies within a region of high transcriptional activity associated with the REST protein. The timing of this haplotype suggests that it arose in response to increased potato cultivation and attendant consumption. For Peruvian populations that relied upon the high‐starch potato as a major source of nutrition, natural selection likely favored theseMGAMvariant(s) that led to more efficient digestion and increased glucose production. This research provides further support that detecting subtle shifts in human diet can be a major driver of human evolutionary change, as these results indicate that there is global variation in human ability to better digest high‐starch foods.
Bony birth‐canal dimensions and obstetric constraints in hominoids
Authors: Laudicina Natalie M. , Cartmill Matt
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Comparative studies of the birth process in humans and other primates have focused on the pelvic inlet. This is a region of birth‐canal constraint in humans, but not in other primates. Thus, the true obstetric differences between humans and other apes remain unknown. This research seeks to document nonhuman ape birth‐canal morphologies and their relationships to critical dimensions of neonates, in order to determine what aspects of human birth are unique.

Materials and Methods

Computer‐generated images of the scanned pelves of six extant hominoid species are used to compare entire birth canals as three‐dimensional entities, documenting and analyzing the functionally relevant metrics of the maternal pelvis and the obstetric constraints for each species.

Results

The inlet is a poor basis of comparison for evaluating tightness of fit in nonhuman primates, whose birth canal is most constricted at the lower end of the sacrum. Previous studies have overestimated the capaciousness of the nonhuman hominoid birth canal (which appears to be just as tight a fit for the fetal head in hylobatids as it is in Homo sapiens) and also misrepresented it as a simple straight tube. In fact, its cross‐sectional shape changes markedly from inlet to outlet in most hominoids.

Conclusion

Nonhuman hominoids exhibit obstetric constraints unlike those seen in modern humans. Human adaptations to maternal‐fetal craniopelvic disproportion are unique owing to the constraints imposed by bipedality, and probably predate the origins of the genus Homo.