bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Cembranoid Diterpenes from the Cultured Octocoral Nephthea columnaris
Authors: Hsiao Ting-Hsi , Cheng Ching-Hsiao , Wu Tung-Ying , Lu Mei-Chin , Chen Wu-Fu , Wen Zhi-Hong , Dai Chang-Feng , Wu Yang-Chang , Sung Ping-Jyun
Published: July 2015

Two new 15-hydroxycembranoid diterpenes, 2β-hydroxy-7β,8α-epoxynephthenol (1) and 2β-hydroxy-11α,12β-epoxynephthenol (2), were isolated from extracts of the octocoral Nephthea columnaris along with a new natural cembrane, epoxynephthenol (3) and a known sterol, nephalsterol A (4). The structures of cembranes 1–3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and comparison of the spectroscopic data with those of related analogues. The cytotoxicity of metabolites 1–4 against a panel of tumor cells is also described.
The Enhanced Inhibitory Effect of Different Antitumor Agents in Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems on Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells
Authors: Ujhelyi Zoltán , Kalantari Azin , Vecsernyés Miklós , Róka Eszter , Fenyvesi Ferenc , Póka Róbert , Kozma Bence , Bácskay Ildikó
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to develop topical self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) containing antitumor agents (bleomycin, cisplatin and ifosfamide) and to investigate their inhibitory potential in SMEDDS on human cervical cancer HeLa cells. The physicochemical properties of cytostatic drug loaded SMEDDS were characterized. The cytotoxicity of main components of SMEDDS was also investigated. Their IC50 values were determined. HeLa cells were treated by different concentrations of cisplatin, bleomycin and ifosfamide alone and in various SMEDDS. The inhibitory effect on cell growth was analyzed by MTT cell viability assay. Inflammation is a driving force that accelerates cancer development. The inhibitory effect of these antitumor agents has also been tested on HeLa cells in the presence of inflammatory mediators (IL-1-β, TNF-α) as an in vitro model of inflamed human cervix. Significant differences in the cytotoxicity of cytostatic drugs alone and in SMEDDS have been found in a concentration-dependent manner. The self-micro emulsifying system may potentiate the effectiveness of bleomycin, cisplatin and ifosfamide topically. The effect of SMEDDS containing antitumor agents was decreased significantly in the presence of inflammatory mediators. According to our experiments, the optimal SMEDDS formulation is 1:1:2:6:2 ratios of Isopropyl myristate, Capryol 90, Kolliphor RH 40, Cremophor RH40, Transcutol HP and Labrasol. It can be concluded that SMEDDS may increase the inhibitory effect of bleomycin, ifosfamide and cisplatin on human cervical cancer HeLa cells. Inflammation on HeLa cells hinders the effectiveness of SMEDDS containing antitumor agents. Our results might ensure useful data for development of optimal antitumor formulations.
Serum Concentrations of Trace Elements in Patients with Tuberculosis and Its Association with Treatment Outcome
Authors: Choi Rihwa , Kim Hyoung-Tae , Lim Yaeji , Kim Min-Ji , Kwon O , Jeon Kyeongman , Park Hye , Jeong Byeong-Ho , Koh Won-Jung , Lee Soo-Youn
Published: July 2015

Deficiencies in essential trace elements are associated with impaired immunity in tuberculosis infection. However, the trace element concentrations in the serum of Korean patients with tuberculosis have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to compare the serum trace element concentrations of Korean adult patients with tuberculosis with noninfected controls and to assess the impact of serum trace element concentration on clinical outcome after antituberculosis treatment. The serum concentrations of four trace elements in 141 consecutively recruited patients with tuberculosis and 79 controls were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Demographic characteristics were also analyzed. Serum cobalt and copper concentrations were significantly higher in patients with tuberculosis compared with controls, while zinc and selenium concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.01). Moreover, serum selenium and zinc concentrations were positively correlated (ρ = 0.41, p < 0.05). A high serum copper concentration was associated with a worse clinical outcome, as assessed after one month of antituberculosis therapy. Specifically, culture-positive patients had higher serum copper concentrations than culture-negative patients (p < 0.05). Patients with tuberculosis had altered serum trace element concentrations. Further research is needed to elucidate the roles of individual trace elements and to determine their clinical impact on patients with tuberculosis.
Electrochemical Impedance Sensors for Monitoring Trace Amounts of NO3 in Selected Growing Media
Authors: Ghaffari Seyed , Caron William-O. , Loubier Mathilde , Normandeau Charles-O. , Viens Jeff , Lamhamedi Mohammed , Gosselin Benoit , Messaddeq Younes
Published: July 2015

With the advent of smart cities and big data, precision agriculture allows the feeding of sensor data into online databases for continuous crop monitoring, production optimization, and data storage. This paper describes a low-cost, compact, and scalable nitrate sensor based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for monitoring trace amounts of NO3− in selected growing media. The nitrate sensor can be integrated to conventional microelectronics to perform online nitrate sensing continuously over a wide concentration range from 0.1 ppm to 100 ppm, with a response time of about 1 min, and feed data into a database for storage and analysis. The paper describes the structural design, the Nyquist impedance response, the measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and the field testing of the nitrate sensor performed within tree nursery settings under ISO/IEC 17025 certifications.
Cross-Border Governance: Balancing Formalized and Less Formalized Co-Operations
Authors: Zumbusch Kristina , Scherer Roland
Published: July 2015

The paper analyses cross-border co-operation with regard to its degree of formalization. Herewith, the focus is not on single cross-border organizations, but on the encompassing governance systems in the respective regions. That means that the specific combination of differently organized cross-border arrangements is analyzed. Cross-border governance systems are facing multiple governance challenges which ask either for a certain degree of institutionalization or for more informal solutions. Based on an empirical comparison of the two experienced, but differently organized, cross-border regions in Europe the Lake Constance Region and the Upper-Rhine Region, the paper illustrates that the organizational variation of cross-border governance systems show specific patterns. From these findings, first arguments are deduced for balancing formalized and more informal co-operations in cross-border governance systems.
Découverte de contours de pieds dans le Jbel Kourt, Piémont rifain (Maroc)
Authors: Boudouhou Nouzha
Published: July 2015

Two carvings of feet outlines were discovered during the campaigns of archaeological prospecting in the region of Piedmont rifain, between Loukkos and Sebou rivers. The author tempts a comparison with better known and similar examples, to place them in their context and propose a dating of it. Although numerous details show that it is difficult to cut on their chronology.
La marche d'Hannibal : ravitaillement et stratégie
Authors: Klingbeil Pierre-Emmanuel
Published: July 2015

L'analyse du rôle et de l'importance du ravitaillement dans l'armée d'Hannibal au cours de la seconde guerre punique s'articule autour de trois thèmes :

- Les services de l 'intendance carthaginoise, notamment ses composantes principales .· le train de l 'armée et les différentes structures spécifiques à ce service.

- L'importance de la logistique au cours de la campagne militaire avec ses répercussions au niveau militaire et diplomatique.

- L'influence éventuelle du ravitaillement extérieur.

En considération de l'étude de ces éléments, une nouvelle analyse stratégique du conflit entre Rome et Carthage est proposée.
Catalogue des inscriptions latines païennes du Musée du Bardo, 2e supplément - Inscriptions publiques inédites de provenance inconnue
Authors: Benzina Ben Abdallah Zeïneb
Published: July 2015

The author studies 25 unpublished public inscriptions kept to the Bardo Museum, fulfilling so the exam of the heathen Latin inscriptions of this museum.
Nuevos sellos y grafitos hallados en la Mauretania Tingitana
Authors: Pons Pujol Luís
Published: July 2015

Sont publiés ici estampilles et graffites sur amphores retrouvés en Maurétanie Tingitane, dont la plupart timbrent des Dressel 20. Ces éléments épigraphiques proviennent aussi bien des fouilles récentes que des fonds anciens de certains musées marocains. Par ailleurs, certaines estampilles déjà publiées ont été l'objet d'une nouvelle lecture. L'étude de ce matériel confirme bien l'importance des relations économiques entre les provinces voisines de Maurétanie tingitane et de Bétique au Haut-Empire.
Une sépulture romaine tardive en milieu rural (Jebel Harboun, région d'Hammamet, Tunisie)
Authors: Ben Abed-Ben Khader Aïcha , Bonifay Michel , Filantropi Giancarlo , Giomblanco Fabio , Griesheimer Marc , Larcher Maud , Treglia Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2015

Une fouille de sauvetage a permis d'étudier sur le territoire de la cité de Siagu, non loin d'un secteur déjà fouillé en 1914, une nouvelle sépulture à inhumation isolée, abritant un sujet masculin déplus de quarante ans, tête à l'ouest. La couverture maçonnée de la tombe reposait sur un coffrage constitué de deux amphores datables de la fin du IIIe s. ou de la première moitié du IVe s., chronologie en accord avec le matériel recueilli en surface.
Nouveaux aperçus sur les Garamantes : un État saharien ?
Authors: Mattingly David
Published: July 2015

Cet article se propose d'examiner une série de difficultés d'interprétation concernant les populations indigènes du Maghreb antique. En particulier, ce qui touche à la définition même du terme « civilisation » en regard de ces populations et les optiques avec lesquelles leur évolution culturelle avait pu être jugée (ou préjugée) .Ainsi, quand les sources romaines décrivent certaine d'entre elles comme une « tribu », ou « natio », que doit-on comprendre par l'emploi de ces termes ? Dans le passé, la tendance a été de supposer le pire et d'espérer le moins de telles sociétés. A partir de l'examen du cas des Garamantes établis dans le Sahara libyen, l'auteur montre comment les témoignages archéologiques mis au jour sur leur territoire offrent une perspective bien différente de celle, vague, des auteurs romains. Il suggère que les Garamantes aient pu constituer un puissant état saharien d'une considérable complexité.
L'origine du peuplement noir au Sahara à travers les sources arabes et les études archéologiques. Essai de rapprochement
Authors: Benramdan Zoulikha
Published: July 2015

Au travers de l'examen des divers récits transmis par les sources littéraires (bibliques et arabes) et leur mise en parallèles avec les témoignages archéologiques, l'auteur propose une analyse de l'implantation des populations noires au Sahara.
De la Marmarique à la Maurétanie. Nouvelles données en matière de mouvements de population.
Authors: Desanges Jehan
Published: July 2015

La premiere étude entend établir que les Goniotes ou Goniates de la Marmarique et des abords méridionaux du lac Mariout, probablement des « Marmarides », tirent leur nom d'un lieu-dit Gonia, proche de l'actuel Tobrouk. Dans l'Antiquité tardive, ils poussaient leurs raids jusqu'au Fayoum. La seconde étude est l'interprétation d'une inscription dVsinaza (Sud-Algérois). Il apparaît, selon l'auteur, que l'administration romaine, vers 203 de notre ère, a transplanté à partir de la province d'Afrique des populi (communautés soumises au fisc) constitués pour peupler les oppida de la nouvelle frontière méridionale de la Césarienne.
Le passage des Maures en Bétique au IIe siècle ap. J.-C
Authors: Rahmoune El Hocine
Published: July 2015

L'auteur examine les relations entre les Maures et la péninsule Ibérique au travers des sources antiques (épigraphiques et littéraires) et des chroniqueurs musulmans.
Pantheus et DII deaeque omnes: les formules de synthèses divines en Afrique du Nord
Authors: Cadotte Alain
Published: July 2015

During the 2nd century, multiplication of divine associations occurs in religious dedications from North Africa. In this context, two notable kinds of association develop in parallel: the use of Pantheus as a name oras an epithet, and the use of globalizing formulae such as dii Augusti or dii deaeque immortales. These two formulae have the same goal: to reach the Supreme Being through his diverse manifestations, often linked to the persona offupiter. However, a thorough examination of the persons offering these dedications shows that in North Africa, these formulae were essentially used by officials and foreigners, as the Africans themselves preferred the worship of their own gods to these artificial constructions, especially Saturn whose universal character was more appropriate to the African milieu.
Le soldat Petaus et les nécropoles de Carthage
Authors: Le Bohec Yann
Published: July 2015

L'inscription CIL VIII, 24635, doit être lue « M. Valerio Petao », et pas « M. Valerius Petao ». Elle date du milieu du IIe siècle et mentionne un soldat, mort à Carthage, qui accompagnait son unité ou qui avait été renvoyé avec la causaría missio.
Teniet-el-Meksen : un nouveau gouverneur de Maurétanie Césarienne dans les dernières décennies du IIIe siècle et les luttes entre le pouvoir romain et les Bavares (Æ, 1907, 157; ILS, 8959)
Authors: Christol Michel , Laporte Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2015

The inscription discovered at Teniet-el-Meksen, North-West of Setif, was rarely studied by scholars. Its re-examination allows to go further in the identification of the person mentioned.
Le littoral de la Tunisie, étude géoarchéologique et historique (1987-1997). La céramique
Authors: Bonifay Michel , Capelli Claudio , Martin Thierry , Picon Maurice , Vallauri Lucy
Published: July 2015

Following the monograph published in 2004 by H. Slim, P. Trousset, R. Paskoff and A. Oueslati, Le littoral de la Tunisie (Coll. Études d'Antiquités africaines), this study presents the pottery collected on the 210 settlements registered during the 1987- 1997 coastal survey of Tunisia. This study comprises four chapters :

I. Antic pottery (M. Bonifay) provides some information about chronology of the settlements, regional typology and economic activities.

II. Physicochemical analysis (M. Picon) testify the importation in Tunisia of Gaulish wares from Savoy.

III. Petrology (Cl. Capelli) permits to caractérise several amphoras workshops along the Tunisian coastline.

IV. Islamic pottery (L. Vallauri) gives some precision about vessels production and importation in Ifriqiya from 9th to XVIIIth c.
À la recherche d'Assada
Authors: Boudouhou Nouzha
Published: July 2015

In this paper we will try to determine the possible localization of the ancient site of Assada, according to the evidence of Al-Bakri, the sole Arab historiographer who mentions it in the area of the rifain piedmont, between the Loukkos and the Ouerrha, and on the basis of the archaeological prospecting carried out on the spot.
El substrato amazighe en el español de Canarias
Authors: Reyes Garcia Ignacio
Published: July 2015

La disparition de l'amazigh (berbère) insulaire est un processus aussi mal connu que la nature, les caractéristiques et l'évolution de ses parlers. L'implantation du régime colonial, qui prive la population indigène des moyens matériels et culturels de reproduire son organisation sociale, a limité progressivement les aires d'utilisation de sa langue jusqu'à l'abandon définitif de celle-ci. Ce type de contact linguistique, déterminé par une pression sociale qui conduit forcément à l'extinction des parlers insulaires, comporte deux aspects remarquables : (a) les phénomènes qui manifestent la décadence du système de communication indigène ; (b) les éléments de ce système qui pénètrent dans la langue des conquérants. L'étude de ces processus s'avère être fortement limitée par le déficit, tant en quantité qu 'en qualité, des sources, qui demandent dans bien des cas des enquêtes heuristiques et herméneutiques plus complètes. Le substrat amazigh, de l'espagnol insulaire, se présente sous l'un ou l'autre des trois états linguistiques suivants : (a) signes pleins ; (b) formes fossilisées ; (c) signes icôniques ou fétiches.
The German-Tunisian project at Dougga : First results of the excavations south of the Maison du Trifolium (Introduction en Français)
Authors: Khanoussi Mustapha , Ritter Stefan , von Rummel Philipp
Published: July 2015

The German-Tunisian excavation in a residential quarter in the south of Dougga (2001-2003) has allowed to gain an exemplary insight into the city's history, from prehistoric times to late antiquity.
Sobre la epigrafía latina del Norte de la Mauritania Tingitana
Authors: Gozalbes Cravioto Enrique
Published: July 2015

Study on various Roman inscriptions of the north region of the province of Mauretania Tingitana. The author examines the form that documents the multiple loops existence of this African province with Spanish.
Uchi Maius et Carthage, I : C(aius) Marius C(ai) F(ilius) Arn(ensi tribu) Extricatus
Authors: Christol Michel
Published: July 2015

The archaeological exploration of Uchi Maius enlightens epigraphic documentation, the old one as well as the new one. Now we can reconsider relations between this pagus and Carthage through the destiny of some personnages or families. The inscription of C(aius) Marius Extricatus might give indications on two levels of exercising responsabilities : the local level within the pagus, and the colonial level at Carthage. So we must sound not only the silences of documentation, which rather likes to show the most distinguishable elements of people life, but also initiate the criticism of the « droit latin subordonné » notion, because it doesn 't seem to allow a good explaination of the rare documents which show entrance of new members in the ordo of the colony of Carthage.
Sur le statut de quelques villes de Numidie et de Maurétanie Césarienne
Authors: Gascou Jacques
Published: July 2015

Re-examination of the problem of the statutes of Cirta, Icosium, and Rusuccuru. 1- Caesar did not create in Cirta a Latin colony, later transformed into a Roman one. There was in Cirta only one colony, founded probably between 36 and 27 BCE. 2- Between 33 and 25 BCE, Augustus set in the peregrine city of Icosium veterans forming a conuentus ciuium Romanorum. Between 25 BCE and 40 CE, this conuentus was united to Ilici, a town of Hispania Tarraconensis. At the beginning of the Flavian period, Vespasian granted to Icosium the statute of a Roman, not of a Latin, colony. 3- Rusuccuru, which became a Roman municipium under Claudius' reign and still possessed the same statute at a date between 198 and 211, became a colony during the first decades of the 3th century. Its two pagi, Iomnium and Rusippisir, were ulteriorly separated from the colony, at the latest under Gallienus' reign.
L'urbanisation dans l'Algérie médiévale
Authors: Khelifa Abderrahmane
Published: July 2015

How Muslims turned urbanism of Roman towns and reused it in their new economical and political requirements. Firstly, they occupied towns making some modifications as it could be observed in towns of the Eastern Algeria, the most urbanised region in antique times. Then, they created new towns, even if it was on Roman site.
Nouvelles observations sur le mausolée préromain de Volubilis
Authors: Arharbi Rachid , Ichkhakh Abdelfattah
Published: July 2015

Located to the east of the House of Ephebe, in an important area of the city of Volubilis, the Mausoleum has caught the attention of archaeologists for a long time. Recent investigations have linked this monument to a necropolis and to an urban civilization dating to a period prior to 80-40/30 BC. Around the end of the 1st c. B.C. and the beginning of the 1st c. A.D., when a suburb was built outside of what was called the Hellenistic city-walls, this funerary monument was abandoned and desecrated. This article will contribute to shed more light on the urban layout of Volubilis and on the Mauretanian strata at the city in general.
De Nigrenses Maiores à Négrine
Authors: Laporte Jean-Pierre , Dupuis Xavier
Published: July 2015

À la limite et au contact des Hautes Plaines et du pré-Sahara, Négrine, antique Nigrenses Maiores (et non Maiores), était à l’origine un centre de la tribu libyque des Nigrenses. Il fut occupé au début du II e siècle apr. J.-C. par une unité de l’armée romaine dépendant du légat de Numidie. Le camp amena la réunion d’une agglomération qui devint une ville, qui s’entoura d’un rempart et fut élevée au rang de municipe à des dates inconnues, malgré quelques données épigraphiques (notamment sur un tremblement de terre). Après le départ de l’armée romaine, elle fut occupée par les Vandales, puis par les Byzantins. Elle continua à vivre à l’époque musulmane, avec même une production de poterie de type abbasside. Elle semble avoir été affaiblie par l’arrivée des Hilaliens. Au XII e siècle, elle était réduite à un lieu de rassemblement de troupeaux et de caravanes, Qaytun Byada, revenant sans doute peu ou prou à un état antérieur à l’occupation romaine, qui n’a finalement constitué qu’une parenthèse.
AE, 2004, 1798. Jeux scéniques à Aradi (Proconsulaire) en 402 - 408 apr. J.-C
Authors: Hugoniot Christophe
Published: July 2015

Une inscription, découverte à Aradi (Sidi Jdidi, Tunisie) et publiée récemment, commémore la restauration d’un monument inconnu (platea), effectuée en 402-408 apr. J.-C. aux frais d’un notable municipal, Flavius Dyscolius Therapius. La dédicace associe des jeux scéniques et des récompenses (ludi scaenici praemiales),

qui peuvent être des costumes de scène ou des couronnes agonistiques. Les jeux scéniques en Afrique, dont le Code Théodosien et les sermons d’Augustin prouvent la continuité au IV e et au début du V e siècle apr. J.-C., malgré le manque chronique de comédiens, impliquaient semble-t-il une dimension agonistique, que ce soit dans le cadre des concours comme le concours pythique de Carthage ou de compétitions entre pantomimes lors des jeux. L’inscription d’Aradi est le témoin d’une tentative de restauration archaïsante des représentations théâtrales traditionnelles, mais devait en être écartée toute dimension religieuse depuis l’interdiction des rites traditionnels sous Théodose.
APPLICATION OF SEMIDEFINITE PROGRAMMING TO TRUSS DESIGN OPTIMIZATION / SANTVAROS OPTIMIZAVIMO UŽDAVINIŲ SPRENDIMAS TAIKANT PUSIAU APIBRĖŽTĄ PROGRAMAVIMĄ
Authors: Giniūnaitė Rasa
Published: July 2015

Semidefinite Programming (SDP) is a fairly recent way of solving optimization problems which are becoming more and more important in our fast moving world. It is a minimization of linear function over the intersection of the cone of positive semidefinite matrices with an affine space, i.e. non-linear but convex constraints. All linear problems and many engineering and combinatorial optimization problems can be expressed as SDP, so it is highly applicable. There are many packages that use different algorithms to solve SDP problems. They can be downloaded from internet and easily learnt how to use, two of these are SeDuMi and SDPT-3. In this paper truss structure optimization problem with the goal of minimizing the mass of the truss structure was solved. After doing some algebraic manipulation the problem was formulated suitably for Semidefinite Programming. SeDuMi and SDPT-3 packages were used to solve it. The choice of the initial solution had a great impact on the result using SeDuMi. The mass obtained using SDPT-3 was on average smaller than the one obtained using SeDuMi. Moreover, SDPT-3 worked more efficiently. However, the comparison of my approach and two versions of particle swarm optimization algorithm implied that semidefinite programming is in general more appropriate for solving such problems.
Pusiau apibrėžtas programavimas yra iškiliojo optimizavimo posritis, kuriame tikslo funkcija tiesinė, o leistinoji sritis – pusiau teigiamai apibrėžtų matricų kūgio ir afininės erdvės sankirta. Tai gana naujas optimizavimo problemų sprendimo būdas, tačiau jau plačiai taikomas sprendžiant inžinerinius bei kombinatorinius optimizavimo uždavinius. Tokiems uždaviniams spręsti yra daug skirtingų paketų, taikančių įvairius algoritmus. Šiame darbe buvo naudojami SeDuMi ir SDPT-3 paketai, kuriuos, kaip ir daugumą kitų, galima parsisiųsti iš interneto. Tikslas buvo rasti minimalią santvaros masę atsižvelgiant į numatytus apribojimus. Naudojant SDPT-3 gauta optimali masė buvo vidutiniškai mažesnė nei naudojant SeDuMi. SDPT-3 veikė efektyviau ir pradinių sąlygų pasirinkimas neturėjo tokios didelės įtakos sprendiniui kaip naudojant SeDuMi paketą. Palyginus rezultatus su sprendiniais, gautais taikant dalelių spiečiaus optimizavimo algoritmą, nustatyta, kad tokio tipo uždaviniams pusiau apibrėžtas programavimas yra tinkamesnis.
APPLICATION PROSPECTS OF METABOLIC P SYSTEM / METABOLINĖS P SISTEMOS TAIKYMO GALIMYBĖS
Authors: Kulakovskis Darius
Published: July 2015

Metabolic P (MP) systems are a class of P systems and are based on metabolic process which is used by living organisms. We review for the purpose of experimental research the MP system development, implementation and modeling. To implement MP systems in dedicated hardware, some specifications need to be determined. We look into the possibility of modeling MP systems in fixed point arithmetic capable hardware and determine the minimal needed bit count for selected MP system model. A way to improve the accuracy of fixed point calculations is proposed, which includes the modification of MP grammar. This modification is done using a simple rule to multiply and divide constants in MP grammar equations. The resulting calculations have more than 250 times smaller error when compared to original calculations. When investigating the performance of MP calculations, it is determined that the time needed for all calculations to finish depends linearly on the number of modeled systems.
Metabolinė P sistema yra P sistemos klasė, pagrįsta metabolinio proceso, būdingo gyviesiems organizmams, taikymu. Siekiant pasirengti įgyvendinti MP sistemas aparatine įranga, pateikiama MP sistemų kūrimo, įgyvendinimo ir modeliavimo literatūros analitinė apžvalga. Įvertinama galimybė modeliuoti MP sistemas taikant fiksuotojo kablelio aritmetiką. Imitaciniais eksperimentais nustatytas minimalus pasirinktam MP sistemos modeliui taikyti reikiamas žodžių ilgis. Pasiūlytas būdas fiksuotosios aritmetikos skaičiavimo tikslumui padidinti. Šio būdo esmė yra MP gramatikos modifikavimas pagal konstantų daugybos ir dalybos taisyklę. Skaičiavimus atliekant modifikuota sistema, paklaida esti daugiau nei 250 kartų mažesnė. Tiriant MP sistemų našumą nustatyta, kad skaičiavimo trukmė tiesiškai priklauso nuo modeliuojamų sistemų skaičiaus.
AUTOMATED INTEGRATED ANALOG FILTER DESIGN ISSUES / AUTOMATIZUOTOJO INTEGRINIŲ ANALOGINIŲ FILTRŲ PROJEKTAVIMO YPATUMAI
Authors: Kiela Karolis , Navickas Romualdas
Published: July 2015

An analysis of modern automated integrated analog circuits design methods and their use in integrated filter design is done. Current modern analog circuits automated tools are based on optimization algorithms and/or new circuit generation methods. Most automated integrated filter design methods are only suited to gmC and switched current filter topologies. Here, an algorithm for an active RC integrated filter design is proposed, that can be used in automated filter designs. The algorithm is tested by designing an integrated active RC filter in a 65 nm CMOS technology.
Atlikta naujausių integrinių analoginių grandynų automatizuotojo projektavimo metodų ir jų taikymo projektuojant integrinius filtrus analizė. Modernios analoginių grandynų automatizavimo priemonės yra grindžiamos esamos topologijos optimizacijos algoritmais ir/arba naujų elektroninių principinių schemų generavimo būdais. Didžioji dauguma literatūroje aprašytų automatizuotojo integrinių filtrų projektavimo metodų yra skirti tik gm-C arba perjungiamos srovės/talpos topologijos filtrams. Darbe siūlomas naujas integrinių aktyviųjų RC filtrų projektavimo algoritmas, įvertinantis integrinių technologijų elementų nuokrypius. Jis patikrintas suprojektavus integrinį aktyvųjį RC filtrą taikant 65 nm KMOP technologiją ir Cadence programinį paketą.
Low Bone Mineral Density and Risk of Incident Fracture in HIV-Infected Adults
Authors: Battalora Linda , Buchacz Kate , Armon Carl , Overton Edgar T , Hammer John , Patel Pragna , Chmiel Joan S , Wood Kathy , Bush Timothy J , Spear John R , Brooks John T , Young Benjamin ,   the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) and SUN Study Investigators
Published: July 2015

Background

Prevalence rates of low bone mineral density (BMD) and bone fractures are higher among HIV-infected adults compared with the general United States (US) population, but the relationship between BMD and incident fractures in HIV-infected persons has not been well described.

Methods

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) results of the femoral neck of the hip and clinical data were obtained prospectively during 2004-2012 from participants in two HIV cohort studies. Low BMD was defined by a T-score in the interval >-2.5 to <-1.0 (osteopenia) or ≤-2.5 (osteoporosis). We analysed the association of low BMD with risk of subsequent incident fractures, adjusted for sociodemographics, other risk factors and covariables, using multivariable proportional hazards regression.

Results

Among 1,006 participants analysed (median age 43 years [IQR 36–49], 83% male, 67% non-Hispanic white, median CD4+ T-cell count 461 cells/mm3 [IQR 311–658]), 36% ( n=358) had osteopenia and 4% ( n=37) osteoporosis; 67 had a prior fracture documented. During 4,068 person-years of observation after DXA scanning, 85 incident fractures occurred, predominantly rib/sternum ( n=18), hand ( n=14), foot ( n=13) and wrist ( n=11). In multivariable analyses, osteoporosis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 4.02, 95% CI 2.02, 8.01) and current/prior tobacco use (aHR 1.59, 95% CI 1.02, 2.50) were associated with incident fracture.

Conclusions

In this large sample of HIV-infected adults in the US, low baseline BMD was significantly associated with elevated risk of incident fracture. There is potential value of DXA screening in this population.
STAT5 Orchestrates Local Epigenetic Changes for Chromatin Accessibility and Rearrangements by Direct Binding to the TCRγ Locus
Authors: Wagatsuma Keisuke , Tani-ichi Shizue , Liang Bingfei , Shitara Soichiro , Ishihara Ko , Abe Manabu , Miyachi Hitoshi , Kitano Satsuki , Hara Takahiro , Nanno Masanobu , Ishikawa Hiromichi , Sakimura Kenji , Nakao Mitsuyoshi , Kimura Hiroshi , Ikuta Koichi
Published: July 2015

The transcription factor STAT5, which is activated by IL-7R, controls chromatin accessibility and rearrangements of the TCRγ locus. Although STAT-binding motifs are conserved in Jγ promoters and Eγ enhancers, little is known about their precise roles in rearrangements of the TCRγ locus in vivo. To address this question, we established two lines of Jγ1 promoter mutant mice: one harboring a deletion in the Jγ1 promoter, including three STAT motifs (Jγ1PΔ/Δ), and the other carrying point mutations in the three STAT motifs in that promoter (Jγ1PmS/mS). Both Jγ1PΔ/Δ and Jγ1PmS/mS mice showed impaired recruitment of STAT5 and chromatin remodeling factor BRG1 at the Jγ1 gene segment. This resulted in severe and specific reduction in germline transcription, histone H3 acetylation, and histone H4 lysine 4 methylation of the Jγ1 gene segment in adult thymus. Rearrangement and DNA cleavage of the segment were severely diminished, and Jγ1 promoter mutant mice showed profoundly decreased numbers of γδ T cells of γ1 cluster origin. Finally, compared with controls, both mutant mice showed a severe reduction in rearrangements of the Jγ1 gene segment, perturbed development of γδ T cells of γ1 cluster origin in fetal thymus, and fewer Vγ3+ dendritic epidermal T cells. Furthermore, interaction with the Jγ1 promoter and Eγ1, a TCRγ enhancer, was dependent on STAT motifs in the Jγ1 promoter. Overall, this study strongly suggests that direct binding of STAT5 to STAT motifs in the Jγ promoter is essential for local chromatin accessibility and Jγ/Eγ chromatin interaction, triggering rearrangements of the TCRγ locus.
Frizzled-6 Regulates Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Survival and Self-Renewal
Authors: Abidin Belma Melda , Owusu Kwarteng Edward , Heinonen Krista M.
Published: July 2015

Adult hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) numbers remain stable in the absence of external stressors. After bone marrow (BM) transplant, HSPCs need to expand substantially to repopulate the BM and replenish the peripheral blood cell pool. In this study, we show that a noncanonical Wnt receptor, Frizzled-6 (Fzd6), regulates HSPC expansion and survival in a hematopoietic cell-intrinsic manner. Fzd6 deficiency increased the ratio of Flt3hi multipotent progenitors to CD150+ stem cells in the mouse BM, suggesting defective stem cell maintenance. Competitive transplantation experiments demonstrated that Fzd6−/− HSPCs were able to home to the BM but were severely impaired in their capacity to reconstitute a lethally irradiated host. Lack of Fzd6 resulted in a strong activation of caspase-3 and a gradual loss of donor HSPCs and peripheral blood granulocytes. Fzd6 was also necessary for the efficient HSPC expansion during emergency hematopoiesis. Mechanistically, Fzd6 is a negative regulator of Cdc42 clustering in polarized cells. Furthermore, β-catenin–dependent signaling may be disinhibited in Fzd6−/− HSPCs. Collectively, our data reveal that Fzd6 has an essential role in HSPC maintenance and survival. Noncanonical Wnt–Fzd6 signaling pathway could thus present an interesting target for promoting HSPC expansion and multilineage hematopoietic recovery after transplant.
The Contained Self-Reactive Peripheral T Cell Repertoire: Size, Diversity, and Cellular Composition
Authors: Richards David M. , Ruggiero Eliana , Hofer Ann-Cathrin , Sefrin Julian P. , Schmidt Manfred , von Kalle Christof , Feuerer Markus
Published: July 2015

Individual self-reactive T cells have been discovered in both humans and mice. It is difficult to assess the entire contained self-reactive peripheral T cell repertoire in healthy individuals because regulatory T cells (Tregs) can render these cells anergic and, therefore, functionally indistinguishable. We addressed this issue by removing regulatory T cells, thereby allowing us to characterize the exposed self-reactive T cells. This resulted in activation of approximately 4% of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Activation and division of these cells was not a bystander product of Ag-independent signals but required TCR stimulation. Analysis of TCR sequences showed that these responding cells were polyclonal and encompassed a broad range of structural TCR diversity. Adoptive transfer of naive and effector/memory T cell populations showed that even the naive T cell pool contained self-reactive T cell precursors. In addition, transfer of mature thymocytes showed that this response was an intrinsic T cell property rather than a peripheral adaptation. Finally, we found that the unexpectedly strong contribution of the naive CD5low T cell pool showed that the overall self-reactive response has not only a diverse polyclonal TCR repertoire, but also comprises a broad range of affinities for self.
Emphysematous pyelonephritis: a case report
Authors: Tiratterra Fabrizio , Feigusch Ludovica , Villani Chiara , Marchetti Patrizia , Recine Umberto
Published: July 2015

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe, life-threatening, necrotizing kidney disease. It occurs almost exclusively in patients with diabetes mellitus. The clinical manifestations are those of pyelonephritis such as dysuria, fever, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. The diagnosis is radiological. The treatment strategies are controversial. They include medical management only, percutaneous catheter drainage plus medical management, emergency nephrectomy plus medical treatment or percutaneous drainage plus medical management and emergency nephrectomy. We present the case of a 68-year-old woman affected by emphysematous pyelonephritis successfully managed with conservative medical treatment.
Gold in the heavy mineral concentrates of stream sediments, Keno Hill area, Yukon Territory
Authors: Boyle R W , Gleeson C F
Published: July 2015

The gold contents in the heavy mineral concentrates of stream sediments in the Keno Hill area reflect the presence of four northeast-trending vein systems, two being known and two being suspected from the data presented. These vein systems comprise an early
gold-bearing pyrite arsenopyrite assemblage and late pyrite-galena-sphalerite-freibergite lodes. In some systems the former predominate; in others the latter are well developed. All of the known gold placers of the area are indicated by high gold contents in the sediments. Some streams, not known to
contain placers, have relatively high gold value s; these should receive further investigation.
Fernie and Minnes strata north of Peace River, foothills of northeastern British Columbia
Authors: Stott D F
Published: July 2015

This report presents stratigraphic information from twenty-three sections measured in Fernie and Minnes strata that outcrop in northeastern British Columbia. The general geology of the area has been described in Paper 67-19 (Part A) of the Geological Survey of
Canada.
AMS / NRCan joint survey report, aerial campaign, Nevada National Security Site, January 20-24, 2014
Authors: Wasiolek P , Stampahar J , Malchow R , Stampahar T , Lukens M , Seywerd H , Sinclair L , Fortin R , Harvey B
Published: July 2015

In January 2014 the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Aerial Measuring System (AMS) and the Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Nuclear Emergency Response project conducted a series of joint surveys at a number of
locations in Nevada including the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). The goal of this project was to compare the responses of the two agencies' aerial radiation detection systems and data analysis techniques. This test included varied radioactive surface contamination levels and isotopic
composition experienced at the NNSS and the differing data processing techniques utilized by the respective teams. Because both teams used the commercial aerial radiation detection systems from Radiation Solutions, Inc., the main focus of the campaign was to investigate the data acquisition
techniques, data analysis, and ground-truth verification. The NRCan system consisted of four 4" x 4" x 16" NaI(Tl) scintillator crystals of which two were externally mounted in a modified commercial cargo basket certified for the Eurocopter AS350; the NNSA AMS system consisted of twelve 2" x 4" x
16" NaI(Tl) crystals in externally mounted dedicated pods.
For NRCan, the joint survey provided an opportunity to characterize their system's response to extended sources of various fission products at the NNSS. Since both systems play an important role in their respective countries' national framework of radiological emergency response and are subject to
multiple mutual cooperation agreements, it was important for each country to obtain more thorough knowledge of how they would employ these important assets and define the roles that they would each play in an actual response.
‘One day I will pick up a snake, wanting to read it’: Becoming a successful reader in a rural environment
Authors: Van der Mescht Caroline
Published: July 2015

Children learning to read and write in rural areas in Southern Africa perform poorly compared to children in urban schools. The poor results of rural schools in national assessments of reading literacy are explained by the deficits of rural areas: poverty, under-resourced schools and under-qualified teachers. Children in rural areas are frequently not exposed to home literacy practices, which prepare them for formal literacy learning at school. Whilst acknowledging the impact of rural poverty on children’s performance, this article explores a role-playing game amongst pre-school and school-going children of rural villages that enabled some children to become successful learners. Focusing on affect, I analyse the way in which the game motivated these children and suggest some of the benefits that promoting this practice may have for teaching and learning in rural areas. The continued underperformance of children in rural schools makes a compelling case for investigating ways of promoting learning and reading in rural homes.
Rhenium-isocyanide complexes
Authors: Schoultz Xandri
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Non-intrusive condition monitoring of electrical cables within the industrial sector to prevent cables failing prematurely
Authors: Van Jaarsveldt Heino
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
An immune-inspired multi-agent system for improved critical information infrastructure protection
Authors: Van Niekerk Jan H. , Ehlers Elizabeth M.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
The Impact of Ventilation and Early Diagnosis on Tuberculosis Transmission in Brazilian Prisons
Authors: Urrego Juliana , Ko Albert I. , da Silva Santos Carbone Andrea , Paião Dayse Sanchez Guimarães , Sgarbi Renata Viebrantz Enne , Yeckel Catherine W. , Andrews Jason R. , Croda Julio
Published: July 2015

Prisoners have among the highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) globally. However, the contribution of the prison environment on transmission is not well understood and structural characteristics have received little attention as effective epidemiological interventions in TB control. We evaluated architectural characteristics and estimated ventilation rates in 141 cells in three prisons in central west Brazil using steady-state exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. We used a modified Wells–Riley equation to estimate the probability of infection for inmates sharing a cell with an infectious case and projected the impact of interventions, including early diagnosis and improved ventilation. Overall, prison cells were densely populated (mean 2.1 m2 per occupant) and poorly ventilated, with only three cells meeting World Health Organization (WHO) standards for per-person ventilation (60 L/s) applied in infection control settings. In the absence of interventions, projected mean risk of infection was 78.0% during a 6-month period. Decreasing time-to-diagnosis by 25% reduced transmission risk by 8.3%. Improving ventilation to WHO standards decreased transmission by 38.2%, whereas optimizing cross-ventilation reduced transmission by 64.4%. Prison environments promote high infection risk over short-time intervals. In this context, enhanced diagnostics have a limited impact on reducing transmission. Improving natural ventilation may be required to effectively control TB in prisons.
Cloud condensation nuclei activity, droplet growth kinetics and hygroscopicity of biogenic and anthropogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA)
Authors: Zhao D. F. , Buchholz A. , Kortner B. , Schlag P. , Rubach F. , Fuchs H. , Kiendler-Scharr A. , Tillmann R. , Wahner A. , Watne Å. K. , Hallquist M. , Flores J. M. , Rudich Y. , Kristensen K. , Hansen A. M. K. , Glasius M. , Kourtchev I. , Kalberer M. , Mentel Th. F.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Interaction of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC) with anthropogenic VOC affects the physicochemical properties of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We investigated cloud droplet activation (CCN activity), droplet growth kinetics, and hygroscopicity of mixed anthropogenic and biogenic SOA (ABSOA) compared to pure biogenic SOA (BSOA) and pure anthropogenic SOA (ASOA). Selected monoterpenes and aromatics were used as representative precursors of BSOA and ASOA, respectively. We found that BSOA, ASOA, and ABSOA had similar CCN activity despite the higher oxygen to carbon ratio (O/C) of ASOA compared to BSOA and ABSOA. For individual reaction systems, CCN activity increased with the degree of oxidation. Yet, when considering all different types of SOA together, the hygroscopicity parameter, κCCN, did not correlate with O/C. Droplet growth kinetics of BSOA, ASOA, and ABSOA was comparable to that of (NH4)2SO4, which indicates that there was no delay in the water uptake for these SOA in supersaturated conditions. In contrast to CCN activity, the hygroscopicity parameter from hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA) measurement, κHTDMA, of ASOA was distinctively higher (0.09–0.10) than that of BSOA (0.03–0.06), which was attributed to the higher degree of oxidation of ASOA. The ASOA components in mixed ABSOA enhanced aerosol hygroscopicity. Changing the ASOA fraction by adding BVOC to ASOA or vice versa AVOC to BSOA changed the hygroscopicity of aerosol, in line with the change in the degree of oxidation of aerosol. However, the hygroscopicity of ABSOA cannot be described by a simple linear combination of pure BSOA and ASOA systems. This indicates that additional processes, possibly oligomerization, affected the hygroscopicity. Closure analysis of CCN and HTDMA data showed κHTDMA was lower than κCCN by 30–70 %. Better closure was achieved for ASOA compared to BSOA. This discrepancy can be attributed to several reasons. ASOA seemed to have higher solubility in subsaturated conditions and/or higher surface tension at the activation point than that of BSOA.
Long term validation of ESA operational retrieval (version 6.0) of MIPAS Envisat vertical profiles of methane, nitrous oxides, CFC-11 and CFC-12 using balloon borne observations and trajectory matching
Authors: Engel A. , Bönisch H. , Schwarzenberger T. , Haase H. P. , Grunow K. , Abalichin J. , Sala S.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. MIPAS-Envisat is a satellite-borne sensor which was measuring vertical profiles of a wide range of trace gases from 2002 to 2012 using IR emission spectroscopy. We present geophysical validation for the operational retrieval (version 6.0) of N2O, CH4, CFC-12 and CFC-11 by the European Space Agency (ESA) of MIPAS-Envisat. The geophysical validation data are derived from measurements of samples collected by a cryogenic whole air sampler flown to altitudes of up to 34 km by means of large scientific balloons. In order to increase the number of coincidences between the satellite and the balloon observations we applied a trajectory matching technique. The results are presented for different time periods due to a change in the spectroscopic resolution of MIPAS as of early 2005. Retrieval results for N2O, CH4 and CFC-12 show partly good agreement for some altitude regions, which differs for the periods with different spectroscopic resolution. However, significant differences to the balloon data are also observed for some altitude regions, which depend on species and spectroscopic resolution. These differences need to be considered when using these data. The CFC-11 results from the operation retrieval version 6 cannot be recommended for scientific studies due to a systematic overestimation of the CFC-11 mixing ratios.