bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homeless population and COVID-19
Authors: Honorato Bruno Eduardo Freitas , Oliveira Ana Carolina S.
Published: August 2020

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é propor sugestões práticas para a atuação no atendimento à população em situação de rua diante da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Com base numa pesquisa qualitativa contendo entrevistas com profissionais da área, análise de informações levantadas num portal de notícias de amplitude nacional e levantamento de artigos, relatórios de pesquisa e documentos informativos de outros países, sugerimos algumas estratégias que podem contribuir para a atuação da gestão municipal, sobretudo no âmbito da assistência social e nos equipamentos de assistência às pessoas em situação de rua no Brasil. Nossos resultados são parciais, embora incluam um panorama comparativo que permite inclusão de estratégias, ao que parece, ainda não implementadas no país. Destacamos também algumas questões que precisam ser repensadas pelos governos federal, estadual e municipal diante da urgência da implementação de políticas durante a pandemia da COVID-19.
Smart cities and the pandemic: digital technologies on the urban management of Brazilian cities
Authors: Fariniuk Tharsila Maynardes Dallabona
Published: August 2020

Resumo A pandemia da COVID-19 vem afetando o modo de vida nas cidades. Em alguns países - como o Brasil - a curva epidemiológica cresce significativamente, exigindo respostas rápidas da administração pública. Esta pesquisa, conduzida em abril de 2020, visa caracterizar a utilização de ferramentas digitais na adaptação das cidades brasileiras à pandemia, baseada no conceito de smart city. Para tanto, buscou-se traçar um panorama da adoção de ferramentas digitais pela administração pública nas cem maiores cidades brasileiras, como resposta aos desafios impostos pela situação pandêmica, contribuindo para efetivar o isolamento ou para adaptar o funcionamento de atividades. Os resultados indicam a aplicação de tais estratégias em 83% das cidades pesquisadas, segundo a distribuição geográfica de casos da doença confirmados. A concentração das iniciativas sugere que a adoção da tecnologia acompanha a previsão da curva de infecção, e aponta para a tendência de adoção das estratégias em locais de contexto historicamente favorável à inovação. Característica fundamental das cidades inteligentes, o recurso à tecnologia digital na otimização dos serviços indica que as cidades pesquisadas estão, em algum nível, seguindo uma tendência mundial.
Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on funding basic education
Authors: Alves Thiago , Farenzena Nalú , Silveira Adriana A. Dragone , Pinto José Marcelino de Rezende
Published: August 2020

Resumo O objetivo do presente artigo é estimar impactos da queda da arrecadação tributária para o financiamento da educação básica em virtude dos efeitos econômicos adversos da pandemia da COVID-19. Para tanto, são analisados três cenários hipotéticos de queda da arrecadação e seus efeitos para as receitas da educação nos estados e municípios, por meio de um modelo de previsão que combinou dados de receitas de impostos com receitas vinculadas a educação e matrículas. No cenário mais otimista, a redução da receita líquida de impostos de 7% implicaria um decréscimo dos recursos para educação básica de R$ 16,6 bilhões por ano. A receita aluno-mês, que, em 2018, foi de R$ 460,00 em média, poderia cair em proporções que variam entre 4,1% e 26,9%, a depender do cenário de redução e do contexto de cada município. Diante da previsível diminuição de recursos, são propostas medidas urgentes para atenuar o aprofundamento das desigualdades na educação, as quais convergem para a transferência de recursos da União aos governos subnacionais. Finalmente ressalta-se o papel virtuoso do investimento na educação, dada a capilaridade desta e o seu caráter intensivo em pessoal.
A incompletude dos contratos de ônibus nos tempos da COVID-19
Authors: Lima Gregório Costa Luz de Souza , Carvalho Gabriel Stumpf Duarte de , Figueiredo Miguel Zobaran
Published: August 2020

Resumo A pandemia da COVID-19 impõe sérios desafios ao setor de transporte público por ônibus. A queda da demanda em razão do isolamento social, a intensificação dos procedimentos de higienização, a aquisição de equipamentos de proteção individual e as restrições de lotação dos veículos ameaçam a viabilidade econômico-financeira do transporte coletivo brasileiro. A pandemia da COVID-19 pode ser caracterizada como um evento de força maior, ensejando reequilíbrio econômico-financeiro dos contratos de concessão de transporte público por ônibus. Entretanto, esta solução precisa ser buscada conjuntamente, pelo poder público e pelas empresas de transporte urbano, para garantir os interesses e as necessidades de ambas as partes. Este artigo sugere ações estratégicas para que o transporte coletivo continue operando durante a pandemia e os acordos de reequilíbrio econômico-financeiro estejam alinhados com o interesse público. A superação das incertezas e consequências causadas pela pandemia exige a criação de relações de confiança e apoio mútuo entre inciativa privada (operadores) e governo.
Da virose biológica à virose econômica: uma vacina para microempresas no Brasil
Authors: Nogueira Mauro Oddo , Silva Sandro Pereira , Carvalho Sandro Sacchet de
Published: August 2020

Resumo Diante da ameaça de desestruturação do tecido produtivo como consequência do isolamento social imposto no Brasil, e tendo em vista que as micro e pequenas empresas são aquelas mais duramente atingidas, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo formular uma proposta de auxílio emergencial governamental para este segmento econômico. Para tanto, apresenta uma breve análise das medidas já adotadas pelo Governo Federal, propõe uma medida capaz de preencher suas lacunas e, por fim, estima os custos da medida proposta para o Tesouro Nacional.
From biological viruses to economic viruses: a vaccine for microenterprises in Brazil
Authors: Nogueira Mauro Oddo , Silva Sandro Pereira , Carvalho Sandro Sacchet de
Published: August 2020

Resumo Diante da ameaça de desestruturação do tecido produtivo como consequência do isolamento social imposto no Brasil, e tendo em vista que as micro e pequenas empresas são aquelas mais duramente atingidas, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo formular uma proposta de auxílio emergencial governamental para este segmento econômico. Para tanto, apresenta uma breve análise das medidas já adotadas pelo Governo Federal, propõe uma medida capaz de preencher suas lacunas e, por fim, estima os custos da medida proposta para o Tesouro Nacional.
As agências reguladoras em resposta à crise da COVID-19
Authors: Guerra Sérgio , Salinas Natasha Schmitt Caccia , Gomes Lucas Thevenard
Published: August 2020

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as respostas das agências reguladoras federais para o enfrentamento da crise de saúde pública gerada pelo novo coronavírus. Parte-se do entendimento de que a avaliação empírica dos padrões de resposta evidenciados pelas agências durante a crise da COVID-19 cumpre um papel importante no aprimoramento da função pública. Em primeiro lugar, porque oferece subsídios para que a própria atividade regulatória se adapte de forma mais célere às necessidades do atual momento de crise. Em segundo, porque o contexto excepcional gerado pela pandemia coloca em evidência alguns traços essenciais da atividade regulatória: suas condições de exercício e funcionalidades, suas limitações e potencialidades e, sobretudo, sua importância para a minimização de danos em cenários marcados por instabilidade estrutural. Os dados utilizados no presente estudo foram extraídos do Diário Oficial da União (DOU) e dos sítios eletrônicos das 11 agências reguladoras federais. Para a presente análise, foram selecionadas apenas as medidas com efetivo impacto regulatório sobre o setor regulado. Identificamos uma significativa heterogeneidade no volume de respostas das agências, em parte relacionada a diferenças setoriais, mas sobretudo decorrente de assimetrias na capacidade institucional desses órgãos. Identificamos também uma heterogeneidade no conteúdo das respostas das agências a problemas regulatórios semelhantes, evidenciando falhas de coordenação regulatória que precisam ser urgentemente solucionadas.
Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar: estratégias para enfrentar a insegurança alimentar durante e após a COVID-19
Authors: Amorim Ana Laura Benevenuto de , Ribeiro Junior José Raimundo Sousa , Bandoni Daniel Henrique
Published: August 2020

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a contribuição do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) para o enfrentamento da fome e da insegurança alimentar (IA), ao propor um conjunto de estratégias para que o PNAE possa garantir a alimentação dos escolares neste momento de crise. Realizamos um diagnóstico da IA e da fome no Brasil, analisamos o processo de enfraquecimento das políticas de segurança alimentar e nutricional, consideramos a evolução histórica do PNAE e sua situação atual e, com base nessas reflexões, apresentamos um conjunto de propostas, avaliando seus impactos no orçamento destinado ao PNAE. Apresentamos as seguintes estratégias para o período em que as aulas estiverem suspensas: distribuição de kits ou refeições para escolares, se possível mantendo o caráter universal da política ou beneficiando estudantes das famílias elegíveis para receber o Auxílio Emergencial; ampliar o valor repassado pelo PNAE para os municípios com Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) baixo e muito baixo; manter e incentivar a aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar. Após o retorno das aulas, sugerimos as seguintes estratégias: levantamento da IA entre os estudantes, manutenção da equidade da política por meio da ampliação do valor do repasse para municípios com IDH baixo e muito baixo, além de atendimento dos escolares de famílias em IA durante as férias e o recesso escolar.
Práticas das universidades federais no combate à COVID-19: a relação entre investimento público e capacidade de implementação
Authors: Panizzon Mateus , Costa Camila Furlan da , Medeiros Igor Baptista de Oliveira
Published: August 2020

Resumo Esse artigo busca analisar a relação entre os recursos públicos investidos nas universidades federais e sua capacidade de implementação de respostas à COVID-19. O artigo contribui, inicialmente, com um método de categorização para avaliação do direcionamento das práticas de combate à COVID-19 pelas universidades federais. A análise dos dados sinaliza uma tendência de relação positiva entre o nível de gastos executados e a capacidade de implementação de respostas por meio de projetos de pesquisa e de extensão, principalmente, para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias. Essa reorientação enseja uma discussão sobre desdobramentos para as políticas públicas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação e para o fortalecimento do Sistema Federal de Educação Superior, de modo a garantir a infraestrutura necessária para a resolução de problemas complexos, como os gerados pela pandemia da COVID-19.
Saúde mental no enfoque das mulheres afetadas pelo Zika vírus: um estudo etnográfico no Estado do Pará, Brasil
Authors: Silva Deisiane Amorim da , Silva Érica Quinaglia
Published: August 2020

Resumo: O presente trabalho traz uma reflexão sobre o surto causado pelo Zika vírus, que atingiu a população brasileira e acabou gerando consequências não somente físicas como também emocionais para todos os envolvidos. Há um grupo particular que tem de lidar todos os dias com as dificuldades dessa nova realidade imposta: as mulheres. A abordagem desse tema parte do pressuposto da necessidade de conhecer, compreender e apreender essas questões biopsicossociais em sua amplitude e magnitude. Torna-se necessário adentrar um contexto relativamente novo que atingiu principalmente mulheres negras e pardas, pobres e com baixa escolaridade, a fim de traçar melhorias na atenção aos direitos reprodutivos e à saúde mental delas. Assim, a realidade das mulheres que tiveram filhos com diagnóstico de microcefalia em virtude do Zika vírus foi acessada. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, de cunho etnográfico, em uma instituição de referência no atendimento à saúde da mulher e da criança no Estado do Pará. Verificou-se que as mulheres nessa situação não foram ouvidas ou cuidadas, além do atendimento normatizado para um pós-parto. Concluiu-se que, apesar dessa falta, a saúde mental dessas mulheres é afetada desde o início da gravidez. Logo, os contextos familiar e social tornam-se importantes para fomentar discussões sobre as práticas de saúde e as representações que o Zika acarreta para as mulheres que tiveram sua vida alterada pela situação que provocou um grande alarme em toda a sociedade.
ENTRE GESTOS DE GUARDAR E ATOS DE TESTEMUNHAR: O ARQUIVO DE MEMÓRIAS DA FACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO/UFRGS
Authors: ALMEIDA DÓRIS BITTENCOURT , GRIMALDI LUCAS COSTA
Published: August 2020

RESUMO: O artigo problematiza a constituição do Arquivo de Memórias da Faculdade de Educação/UFRGS. Sua organização se inscreve no campo da História da Educação em interfaces com os postulados da História Cultural, por promover a exploração de experiências educativas, por vezes esquecidos pela historiografia. A temática também filia-se às discussões contemporâneas acerca das práticas arquivísticas. Neste lugar, abrigam-se documentos históricos em diferentes dimensões. Mas “o sabor do arquivo” (Farge, 2009), sem descuidar da documentação oficial, reside no recebimento de arquivos pessoais de professores e de estudantes, muitos deles formados por escrituras ordinárias, e também na produção de memórias orais dos sujeitos que compõem as comunidades acadêmica e escolar. Nesses gestos de guardar, concentram-se esforços para a constituição de um Arquivo Vivo, em que as problemáticas colocadas no tempo presente, transformadas rapidamente em passado direcionam nossas ações e intenções acerca do que guardar, por que guardar, para que guardar, para quem guardar.
Losses of water, soil, and nutrients during high-intensity simulated rainfall in two soil management systems different sources of fertilization
Authors: Lemos Alexandra Minossi de , Cassol Elemar Antonino , Barros Cláudia Alessandra Peixoto de
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT: The goal of this study was to quantify the water, soil, and soluble nutrient losses during high-intensity rainfall simulated in two soil preparation systems with four sources of fertilization. Forty-five days after the corn seeding, a 120 mm h-1 intensity rainfall was simulated during 90 min in field plots with conventional tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT). Each system had four repetitions with the fertilizer treatments, including without fertilization, mineral, urban waste compost (UWC), and pig slurry. P, K, Ca, and K concentrations were measured in soluble form, in addition to electrical conductivity, pH, water, and soil losses. As expected, the greatest soil losses occurred with CT; however, the greatest water losses occurred with NT. Among the fertilizers, UWC was more efficient because it had the highest infiltration rates. The concentrations of P, K, Ca, and Mg did not exhibit any interaction between fertilization and soil tillage treatments. K was the nutrient that presented the greatest losses (kg ha-1) at the end of the simulated rainfall because of the highest concentrations (mg L-1) added to high runoff coefficients of 45% for CT and 77% for NT. Thus, the evaluated system with cover crops and minimum soil tillage was not sufficient to control nutrient transfer in the soluble form during intense rainfall events.
On-farm welfare assessment in meat goat does raised in semi-intensive and extensive systems in semiarid regions of Ceará, Northeast, Brazil
Authors: Leite Luana Oliveira , Stamm Fabiana de Orte , Maceno Marcelo Adriano Corrêa , Camarinha Filho Jomar Antonio , Garcia Rita de Cassia Maria
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to apply a protocol based on the Animal Welfare Indicators (AWIN) protocols for small ruminants in Brazilian Northeast farms to evaluate the welfare of meat goat, comparing animals kept on semi-intensive (S) and extensive (E) farms. Fifteen farms located in the Metropolitan Region of Quixadá and Quixeramobim, Ceará, Brazilian Northeast, were recruited. Assessments were performed at group and individual level. Significant differences between S and E farms was set at P<0.05 to all tests. At group level, there was a significant difference between groups, with more goats from E farms affected by heat stress and more animals from S farms presenting oblivion. Resource-based indicators, type of drinkers and access to shelter, differed significantly between S and E systems, with goats on S farms allocated in places with access to water more frequently during night period and protected from wind. Type of facility was more complex for animals on S farms (n=2) than on all E farms due to internal divisions, with S farms presenting feeders, drinking fountains, salt shakers, and slatted or cemented floor. At individual level, abscess and ocular discharge were more frequently observed on S farms and ears lesions were more frequent on E farms, probably due to distinct management of goats. Similarities between results showed that farmers in both production systems faced problems related to heat stress, lack of forage and health issues.
Characteristics and attitudes of small-scale vegetable farmers in Chile
Authors: Boza Sofia , Cortes Maruja , Prieto Carmen , Eulogio Tomás Francisco Muñoz , Mora Marcos
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT: An adequate supply of fresh, high quality and accessible vegetables is essential for a healthy food system. In Latin America, these are mostly produced by smallholder farmers. The objective of this research was to characterize the productive and commercial development of small-scale vegetable growers and to further understand and explain their attitudes on their business. A total of 335 farmers in Central Chile area were surveyed. The data was processed using descriptive and multivariate techniques. Results showed that farmers have a positive self-assessment of their technical performance, production quality and the contribution of farming to their household income. They express uncertainty about the future, as well as some disappointment with the prices they receive for their produce and their access to public support programs. There are significant differences between farmers within the sample; however, which allow two distinct clusters to be identified: “conformist” (69.05%) and “critical” (30.95%). These results suggested that these small-scale vegetable growers have certain generalizable attitudes and other divergent. The differences in attitudes coincide with differences in objective characteristics, including age, education, farm size and technology.
Associação da empatia e do estresse ocupacional com o burnout em profissionais da atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Pinheiro João Paulo , Sbicigo Juliana Burges , Remor Eduardo
Published: August 2020

Resumo Há evidências de que a Síndrome de Burnout afeta profissionais da atenção primária à saúde (APS). Objetivou-se investigar a associação da empatia e do estresse ocupacional com o Burnout de profissionais da APS. 348 trabalhadores responderam a versões online de escalas de estresse ocupacional, empatia e Burnout. As dimensões de empatia preocupação empática e tomada de perspectiva correlacionaram-se negativamente com a síndrome (p<.01), enquanto angústia pessoal demonstrou relação positiva (p<.01). As dimensões de estresse ocupacional recompensa e esforço apresentaram maior peso nos modelos das subescalas de Burnout ilusão pelo trabalho e desgaste psíquico (p<.001), respectivamente, enquanto a preocupação empática e angústia pessoal demonstraram os maiores pesos para a explicação de indolência e culpa (p<.001). Recompensa foi o preditor significativo de Perfil 1 (p=.008), forma menos grave da síndrome, enquanto angústia pessoal (p=.028) e esforço (p=.012) demonstraram o mesmo peso no modelo para Perfil 2, nível mais severo de Burnout. Os resultados sugerem intervenções que enfoquem tanto estressores do trabalho quanto a empatia dos profissionais.
Reflexões sobre perspectivas africanas de gênero*
Authors: Assunção Helena Santos
Published: August 2020

Resumo O artigo pretende trazer à tona as contribuições do que se poderia chamar uma perspectiva africana para os estudos de gênero e estudos feministas, a partir das obras e provocações das autoras nigerianas Ifi Amadiume e Oyèrónké Oyěwùmí, matizando suas críticas com discussões dos estudos de gênero, baseadas, sobretudo, nos pensamentos de Judith Butler e Marilyn Strathern. Em seguida trago o caso particular da autora dinamarquesa Signe Arnfred e seu trabalho de campo no norte de Moçambique para pensar como tanto a etnografia quanto os deslocamentos teóricos possibilitados pela crítica africana ao feminismo infletiram em seu trabalho, especificamente no que concerne a análise dos ritos de iniciação femininos em contextos macuas.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FIBER INTAKE AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN ADOLESCENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: Moreira Marcella Lage Pinto , Sztajnbok Flávio , Giannini Denise Tavares
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the fiber intake and the relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional in which adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus were evaluated. The dietary consumption was assessed by the 24-hour recall; nutritional status was classified according to the Body Mass index/Age by Sex; abdominal obesity was assessed through waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and glucose and lipid metabolism. The data were analyzed using Statistical Software for Professionals 14 and all statistical analyses used an alpha error of 5%. Results: 52 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 16.7±1.5 years. Inadequate fiber consumption occurred in 61.5% (n=32) of them. Average of waist circumference measures (81.4 vs. 75.5 cm; p=0.02), waist-to-height ratio (0.51 vs. 0.47; p=0.02) and systolic blood pressure (122.1 vs. 114.8 mmHg; p=0.03) were higher in those who had inadequate fiber intake. Among the cardiovascular risk factors evaluated, the waist/height ratio showed a significant negative correlation with fiber consumption (r=-0.3; p=0.04), that is, the higher the fiber consumption, the lower the value of the waist ratio /stature. Conclusions: Low dietary fiber intake in adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus juvenile is related to higher abdominal adiposity and consequently with increased cardiovascular risk.
REPRODUCIBILITY OF PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES OF THE SIX-MINUTE WALK TEST IN HEALTHY STUDENTS
Authors: Keil Patrícia Morgana Rentz , Scalco Janaína Cristina , Wamosy Renata Maba Gonçalves , Schivinski Camila Isabel Santos
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the reproducibility of the six-minute walk test (6MWT) performance and its physiological variables in healthy students. Methods: This is as prospective cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of healthy students aged 6-12 years old from public and private schools in the region of Florianópolis City, Santa Catarina State, (Southern Brazil). The medical state was considered according to the health records and scores on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and the spirometric values of forced expiratory volume in the first second and forced vital capacity above 80% of what was predicted. Two 6MWTs were conducted with a 30-minute interval between them, following the recommendations from the American Thoracic Society. Physiologic variables were recorded using the portable telemetric gas analyzer K4b2 (Cosmed®, Italy). For analysis, the dyspnea index, the perception of effort and performance variables identified in both 6MWT were considered. Data distribution was verified with the Shapiro-Wilk test and statistical analysis included paired t-test or Wilcoxon test, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: A total of 22 students with a mean age of 10.2±1.5 years participated in the study. The covered distance and the variation of oxygen consumption reproducibility between the two 6MWTs presented ICC=0.76 and ICC=0.86, respectively. There was also similar behavior of the physiological variables when comparing the two tests (p=0.001), especially the minute volume (MV), the oxygen consumption (VO2), and the carbon dioxide production (VCO2). Conclusions: The 6MWT showed reproducible values, both in performance and physiological parameters, in the healthy students analyzed.
ANTÉNOR FIRMIN, JEAN PRICE-MARS, JACQUES ROUMAIN: Antropólogos haitianos repovoando as narrativas históricas da Antropologia
Authors: Marques Pâmela Marconatto , Kosby Marília Flôor
Published: August 2020

Resumo O que acontece ao experimentarmos pensar a hipótese de existência de uma antropologia chamada canônica, ocidental, eurocentrada, não apenas como dimensão universalista do poderoso projeto colonial europeu, mas como esforço do provinciano pensamento das metrópoles para estender sua condição, aferrando-se a pressupostos modernos? Aceitando o desafio desse sutil giro epistêmico, o presente artigo tem por objetivo seguir pistas capazes de evidenciar como a Europa foi constantemente chamada por antropólogos afro-caribenhos a se desprovincializar, sem, no entanto, ter sido capaz de suportar entrar de modo intensivo em relação com a criação vertiginosa e potente em que a antropologia parecia estar se tornando fora de seu eixo irradiador. Suspeitando de tal matriz de pensamento que foi capaz de ignorar o Caribe, propomos, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico e pesquisa documental, uma composição anticolonial dos quadros teórico-etnográficos da antropologia, esboçando uma narrativa povoada por antropólogos como Antenor Firmin, Jean Price-Mars e Jacques Roumain, que protagonizaram, em diálogo direto com autores canonizados, debates caros ao desenvolvimento da disciplina.
“TERRAS ADUBADAS COM SANGUE” O coronelismo de Terras do sem fim
Authors: Mansur João Paulo
Published: August 2020

Este artigo investiga a concepção de coronelismo presente na trama de Terras do sem fim, de Jorge Amado. Lançado em 1943, o romance marcou a literatura brasileira ao narrar a épica luta armada entre dois clãs de fazendeiros do cacau que, na Ilhéus do início do século XX, disputavam a posse das matas virgens do Sequeiro Grande. Parte da crítica especializada, ao tentar compreender como o romancista concebia a relação dos coronéis com o Estado, viu neles a expressão de um poderio privado exacerbado, contra o qual a lei não poderia se impor: sobrevivência do patriarcalismo e das lutas de famílias, cujas origens históricas remontam à Colônia. Olhando mais de perto, porém, não se trata disso, ou não apenas disso. Jorge Amado percebeu que o Estado, nesse período histórico do coronelismo, estava relativamente mais fortalecido, motivo pelo qual os clãs rivais passavam a lutar pelo poder político e pelo domínio das instituições, como a polícia e a justiça, que os favoreceriam nas disputas contra oligarquias adversárias. Conclui-se que Amado, em certo sentido, antecipou a construção do conceito de coronelismo, que só viria a ser delimitado abstratamente um pouco mais tarde, em 1948, com a publicação de Coronelismo, enxada e voto, de Victor Nunes Leal.
First study on the helminth community structure of the neotropical marsupial Metachirus myosuros (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae)
Authors: Cirino Bruna Silva , Costa Neto Sócrates Fraga da , Maldonado Júnior Arnaldo , Gentile Rosana
Published: August 2020

Abstract Metachirus myosuros is a marsupial species widely distributed in South America. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge about its helminth parasites and helminth community structure. The aims of this study were to describe the species composition and determine the parasitological parameters of helminth communities of M. myosuros in preserved areas of the Atlantic Forest, Igrapiúna, Bahia state, northeastern Brazil. Parasites were searched from 19 specimens of this marsupial (18 were infected with at least one species), counted and identified. Ten species of helminth parasites were obtained: 7 nematodes, 2 platyhelminths and 1 acanthocephalan. The most abundant species were Aspidodera raillieti, Cruzia tentaculata, Physaloptera mirandai and Viannaia conspicua (Nematoda). These species were also the only dominant ones in the component community. Male hosts had higher prevalence of P. mirandai and greater abundance of V. conspicua. We observed a relationship between host body size and helminth abundance in both male and female hosts, and between host body size and helminth species richness in female hosts. This was the first study to analyze the helminth fauna and helminth community structure of M. myosuros. This was the first report of occurrences of A. raillieti and Didelphonema longispiculata in M. myosuros.
The elastic constants and related mechanical properties of Al x In1−x P
Authors: Mezrag Fadila , Bouarissa Nadir , Fares Nour El-Houda
Published: August 2020

Based on a pseudopotential approach under a modified virtual crystal approximation that includes the alloy disorder effect, the elastic constants and some of their related mechanical properties of Al x In1 − x P ternary semiconducting alloys have been computed. Features such as elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus and Young’s modulus are determined and their composition dependence is examined and discussed. Besides, Pugh’s ratio and Cauchy pressure have been analysed indicating that Al x In1 − x P alloy system behaves in a ductile manner for all compositions x (0≤x≤1). The findings show generally good accord with the experiment. The obtained results are expected to be useful for understanding the elastic properties of Al x In1 − x P and for applications in optoelectronics.
A comparison of intact and reconstituted samples of a silt tailings
Authors: Reid David , Fanni Riccardo
Published: August 2020

The critical state approach, based heavily on the use of the moist tamping (MT) reconstitution method, is finding increasing application in tailings engineering practice. However, the available studies comparing the behaviour of intact and reconstituted samples of silt tailings have indicated significant discrepancies. This paper outlines a comparison of triaxial tests carried out on samples of tailings trimmed intact from high-quality blocks and reconstituted using both MT and slurry deposition (SD) methods. Particular focus was placed on the potential for layering within the intact block samples, which indicated that while they were relatively uniform, some minor layering was present – an aspect that has not been considered in detail in previous similar studies. The SD samples tended towards, but did not reach, the critical state line (CSL) identified with MT specimens. Intact block samples generally tended towards the MT CSL, contrary to most previous comparisons. However, greater scatter was apparent in the intact block sample end states than those of the MT specimens, which is hypothesised to result from layering seen in the block samples. A direct comparison of the shearing behaviour of MT and intact block samples from the same void ratio and stresses was inconclusive owing to the inherent variation in intact block sample behaviour.
Preparation, characterisation and biocompatibility of microarc oxidation coating on tantalum
Authors: Zhao Quan-ming , Ni Xiao-hui , Zhu Xing-yuan , Liu Xiao-dong , Zhang Lu , Zhang Zhi-yong , Ren Liu-bao , Wang Jun-yi , Yi Lei
Published: August 2020

Similar to titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta) has good mechanical properties, processability and corrosion resistance, which make it a suitable material for medical implants. However, tantalum lacks biological activity and cannot induce bone tissue growth. In this study, microarc oxidation was used to prepare a silicon (Si)-containing oxide coating on the surface of tantalum. Scanning electron microscopy measurement showed that the coating had a dense inner layer and a porous surface with a good physical morphology. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirmed the presence of elemental silicon in the coating. In addition, the coating was evenly distributed on the surface and might form an amorphous phase. In vitro cell tests showed that the silicon oxide coating had no obvious cytotoxicity, could promote the stretching of actin filaments and exhibited good biological activity. The results of this study provide significant theoretical insights and may play an important role in clinical applications.
Implementing Monetary Policy in an "Ample-Reserves" Regime: Maintaining an Ample Quantity of Reserves (Note 2 of 3)
Authors: Ihrig Jane , Senyuz Zeynep , Weinbach Gretchen C.
Published: August 2020

In this second note, we describe some important influences on the supply of and demand for reserves and how the Fed will need to account for these influences in maintaining an ample quantity of reserves over the long run. These considerations are most relevant in normal times, not in periods in which there are severe strains in financial markets or weakness in economic activity that necessitate aggressive policy actions by the Fed that substantially increase reserves.
HTAPP_Processing human ovarian cancer ascites to a single-cell suspension for single-cell RNA-seq v2
Authors: Izar Benjamin , Shah Parin , Su Mei-Ju , Wakiro Isaac , Napolitano Sara , Wu Jingyi , Vigneau Sébastien , Rotem Asaf , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Johnson Bruce , Regev Aviv
Published: August 2020

This protocol is used to process human ovarian cancer ascites to a single-cell suspension compatible with droplet-based single-cell RNA-Seq technology. A majority of ascites samples have a high proportion (>90%) of CD45-expressing (CD45+) cells, thus greatly reducing the ability to capture non-immune and malignant cells. To address this issue, we have included a CD45+ cell depletion step to reduce the number of CD45+ cells.In such samples, where the proportion of immune cells is very high, a large proportion of both CD45+ and CD45- cells can be recovered post-depletion, allowingsimultaneous assessment of the immune and non-immune microenvironment. In cases with a lower initial proportion of CD45+ cells, however, non-immune cells tend to be dominant following CD45+ cell depletion. Of note, many ascites samples contain multicellular aggregates, or spheroids, which pose challenges during sample processing and dissociation. Larger aggregates are removed through an initial 70 μm straining (Step 14) whereas smaller residual aggregates, when present, can be removed through a final 30 μm straining (optional Step 20). Yet, we have encountered instances where small aggregates cannot be efficiently removed through straining. This protocol is not optimized for those cases. In addition, we would like to note that ascites can be quite variable and further optimization of this protocol may be needed to handle cases with atypical characteristics. For the Human Tumor Atlas Pilot Project (HTAPP), this protocol was successfully applied to 4 ovarian cancer ascitessamples. Description of this protocol and guidance for testing and selecting methods for processing other tumor and sample types can be found inSlyper et al.
Protocol for cost-effectiveness of parenteral iron therapy for first line management of iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women in a natural program setting in Gujarat v1
Authors: Saha Somen , Desai Bharat , Fancy Manish , Puwar Tapasvi , Saxena Deepak , Shah Komal , Pandya Apurva-kumar
Published: August 2020

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) seems to be a major public health challenge amongst pregnant females in India, despite having multiple national health programs, challenges across the management of IDA continues. The Government of India in recently announced Anemia Mukt Bharat Programme recommends parenteral iron across moderate and severe grades of anemia. In contrast to its clinical efficacy, the cost-effectiveness of Intravenous Iron Sucrose (IVIS) and Ferric Carboxy Maltose (FCM) is not yet established. This paper details the protocol for health technology assessment to assess the effect of intravenous therapy on the improvement of Haemoglobin concentration over oral therapy. The study will be conducted in two districts of the state. The study unit will be selected by a proportionate sampling method from the divided region of district i.e. rural, tribal, desert and coastal based on previous year registered pregnancy. A mixed-method approach will be adopted. Data will be collected over a period of 1 year along with the assessment of key outcome indicators. Additionally, key informant interviews will be conducted and cost data will be gathered to perform cost-effectiveness analysis.
ELISA for quantification of IL-15 in human serum. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel
Published: August 2020

Interleukins (IL) are a type of cytokine first thought to be expressed by leukocytes alone but have later been found to be produced by many other body cells. They play essential roles in the activation and differentiation of immune cells, as well as proliferation, maturation, migration, and adhesion. They also have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The primary function of interleukins is, therefore, to modulate growth, differentiation, and activation during inflammatory and immune responses. Interleukins consist of a large group of proteins that can elicit many reactions in cells and tissues by binding to high-affinity receptors in cell surfaces. Monocytes, epithelium, and muscles make IL-15. It acts on T cells and activated B cells. It causes the proliferation of both B and T cells. It causes NK cell memory and CD8+ T cell proliferation. [1] Reference 1. Justiz Vaillant AA, Qurie A. Interleukin. In:StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; June 12, 2019.
ELISA for quantification of IL-19 in human serum or plasma. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel
Published: August 2020

Interleukins (IL) are a type of cytokine first thought to be expressed by leukocytes alone but have later been found to be produced by many other body cells. They play essential roles in the activation and differentiation of immune cells, as well as proliferation, maturation, migration, and adhesion. They also have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The primary function of interleukins is, therefore, to modulate growth, differentiation, and activation during inflammatory and immune responses. Interleukins consist of a large group of proteins that can elicit many reactions in cells and tissues by binding to high-affinity receptors in cell surfaces. Th2 lymphocytes synthesize IL-19 and acts on resident vascular cells in addition to immune cells. It is an anti-inflammatory molecule. It promotes immune responses mediated by regulatory lymphocytes and has substantial activity on microvascular.[1] Reference 1. Justiz Vaillant AA, Qurie A. Interleukin. In:StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; June 12, 2019.
ELISA for quantification of IL-41 in human serum or plasma. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel
Published: August 2020

Interleukins (IL) are a type of cytokine first thought to be expressed by leukocytes alone but have later been found to be produced by many other body cells. They play essential roles in the activation and differentiation of immune cells, as well as proliferation, maturation, migration, and adhesion. They also have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The primary function of interleukins is, therefore, to modulate growth, differentiation, and activation during inflammatory and immune responses. Interleukins consist of a large group of proteins that can elicit many reactions in cells and tissues by binding to high-affinity receptors in cell surfaces. [1] The immunoregulatory cytokine IL-41 (also known as meteorin-like protein) is expressed at high levels in the synovium of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).[2] Reference 1. Justiz Vaillant AA, Qurie A. Interleukin. In:StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; June 12, 2019. 2.Onuora S. Novel cytokine, IL-41, linked with PsA.Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2019;15(11):636. doi:10.1038/s41584-019-0314-7
ELISA for quantification of IL-20 in human serum or plasma. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel
Published: August 2020

Interleukins (IL) are a type of cytokine first thought to be expressed by leukocytes alone but have later been found to be produced by many other body cells. They play essential roles in the activation and differentiation of immune cells, as well as proliferation, maturation, migration, and adhesion. They also have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The primary function of interleukins is, therefore, to modulate growth, differentiation, and activation during inflammatory and immune responses. Interleukins consist of a large group of proteins that can elicit many reactions in cells and tissues by binding to high-affinity receptors in cell surfaces. Immune cells and activated epithelial cells secrete IL-20. It acts on epithelial cells. It plays a vital role in the cellular communication between epithelial cells and the immune system under inflammatory conditions.[1] Reference 1. Justiz Vaillant AA, Qurie A. Interleukin. In:StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; June 12, 2019.
Masculinity and public space in the Greco- Roman period
Authors: Getui Mary , Richard Grace Kambona
Published: August 2020

This article focuses on masculinity in relation to public space during the Greco-Roman period, and implications for Africa today. The key issues addressed include: an overview on what masculinity entailed at the said period, namely the physique, the duties and the expectations of the society on the man and the expectations of the man of self; public space as manifested through patriarchy and the related responsibilities such as procreation, headship of the family, voting, being an orator, being of service to the community, commanding the peoples respect, possessing wealth and the respective status and having military prowess. In the midst of the above high expectations and stringent demands, virtue was not to be compromised. The two virtues highlighted in this article are courage and self-control. Contemporary Africa can draw several lessons on the importance of culture, socialization and virtue from aspects of masculinity and public space during the Greco-Roman period.
involvement of people with disabilities in church matters in relation to gender equality in Tanzania
Authors: Mbao Ronald
Published: August 2020

Involvement of people with disabilities in church activities, ranging from ordinary worship to resuming leadership positions, poses a great challenge to the African church. While African governments have put in place policies (Acts) regarding the involvement of people with disability in national economic development activities, findings in this paper revealed that the scenario in the church was different. This paper unfolds the real state of affairs in the church as far as involvement of people with disabilities is concerned. Even so, it appears there is a step taken that ushers in hopes for the fully-fledged engagement of the church in the near future. As a way forward, the paper appeals to the government authorities to direct and monitor the construction of church buildings to conform to inclusive standards, and that the churches should put in place policies regarding people with disabilities.
An ethics of responsibility for our time
Authors: De Villiers Etienne
Published: August 2020

We live in a time in which the way of life characterised as “ethical” or “moral” is under stress. The challenge we face is to take up responsibility for salvaging and enhancing the exercise of moral responsibility in all spheres of life. It is argued in this article that the ethical approach to be followed in facing this challenge is the ethics of responsibility. This ethics should, however, not be conceptualised as yet another first-level normative ethical approach vying to replace existing ones, but as a second-level one. Such an approach recognises the indispensable contribution of existing normative ethical approaches to the exercise of moral responsibility. At the same time, it provides guidance to these approaches on enhancing the exercise of moral responsibility in a contextually appropriate manner. In the article, a case is made out for the ethics of responsibility that is proposed, followed by a discussion of its profile and agenda.
nature of human nature
Authors: Pieterse André C
Published: August 2020

This article will argue from a Scriptural viewpoint that human nature is not reducible to a set of individual physical characteristics but is embodied and all the qualities of being human are mutually dependent. The substance for this statement is rooted in the biblical confession about the characteristics of the resurrected Body of Christ. This premise could assist the sciences in their quest to define human nature, specifically relating to the mind/brain problem. In addition, it could contribute to the need for consilience and lead scientific research into a more comprehensive understanding of the human mind and brain and its embedded nature.
PROTOCOL No. 12.
Meeting on April 11, 1891
Authors: Krassovskiy A. Ya.
Published: August 2020

39 members were present: Batsevich, Bidder, Vasten, Vertsinsky, Viridarsky, Vorobyov, Voff, Hermonius, Goraisky, Grinev, Danilovich, Dobrovolsky, Dovnarovich, Zheltukhin, Zabolotsky, Krukovich, Liluev, Lichkus, Lopatinskiy, Mazurkevich, Massen, Ott, Piotrovich, Popov, Radetskiy, Rostkovskiy, Savchenko, Salmanov, Smolskiy, Stelmakhovich, Stravinskiy, Strogonov, Urvich, Fisher A., Fratkin, Chernyshev, Shtol, Stolz. Yanpolskiy and 20 guests.
Meeting on September 16 (evening)
Authors: Hermonius A. K.
Published: August 2020

Labadie-Lagrave and Basset (Paris). Postpartum septicemia has changed completely since the introduction of the antiseptic method. The epidemics disappeared; rapid and formidable cases have become rare and always isolated.
CANCER VULVAE
Authors: Tipyakov V. V.
Published: August 2020

Occurs infrequently, according to L. Mayer's statistics on 35-40 cancerous lesions of the uterus, 1 malignant neoplasm of the outer parts of the female genital apparatus. Cancroid comes across more often; Mayer had a cancroid out of 9 cases - 6 times. The place of development and often serves as a large lip, at the bottom of the border, where the skin becomes mucous. Rokitanski once found the origin of the clitoris.
А case in obstetrics, followed for months by a daily discharge of over two quarts of a watery fuiid through the cervical canal
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

The patient is 34 years old. Dec 9 1890 seventh birth. Upon the exit of the placenta, extremely profuse bleeding, which brought the parturient woman to almost collapse.
The use of vaginal tampons
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this article is to draw the attention of gynecologists to the dangers associated with the use of vaginal tampons, dangers that gynecologists, in their hobby, do not notice now.
Ten selected cases of laparotomy
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

This article presents a very short report on 10 laparotomies produced by the author on various occasions.
ACCORDING TO NOTES MADE BY PROF. OTT TO MY ARTICLE "TO THE QUESTION ABOUT INDICATIONS TO PARTIAL CERVICAL AMPUTATION IN CANCER OF THE VAGINAL UTERINE"
Authors: Mironov M.
Published: August 2020

Prof. Ott, analyzing the reasons that prompted me not to take into account the results obtained by him with vaginal excision of the uterus, says (Journal of Akush. 1892, No. 1, p. 66) that since these results go completely against with the premise that I wish to defend, then I should especially carefully and carefully analyze the cases he cites and the conclusions drawn from them.