bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Patient’s Will – Why and for Whom? Forms, Formalisation, and Implementation Issues
Authors: Kruus Maret , Int Rainis , Nõmper Ants
Published: November 2018

If a patient decides they do not wish to receive health care services and would prefer to die, the healthcare service provider is not allowed to provide health care services to the patient under the principle of personal autonomy. In this case, the patient’s will needs to be taken into consideration even when they are currently unable to express it themselves, for instance when the patient is unconscious. In the situations where the patient is unable to express their will on their own, many countries have introduced the use of living wills that are also often called advance directives. A living will is a declaration (usually in writing) on what kind of treatment a person wishes or does not wish to receive in a situation in which they are unable to make decisions on their own, for instance, in the case of unconsciousness or dementia. In addition to preparing a living will, people can also provide future health care directives by assigning a substitute decision maker who can express the person’s presumed will in case of the person being unable to express their decision. The most effective means for ensuring one’s personal autonomy is using a living will, since it is compiled by the person themselves. Although living wills are not common in Estonia, the legislation of the country makes no obstacles for its use. The people of Estonia are also becoming increasingly aware of their rights. People have already turned to notaries with a wish of providing notarial future directives on the provision of health care services or maintenance of their property in the case that they no longer have the capacity to exercise their will themselves. The article discusses the role of a living will near the end of life and also discusses the issues related to its formation and implementation. The last part of the article briefly addresses the instructions related to maintenance of the patient’s assets in the case of incapacity to exercise the will.
Die Geschichte der estnischen Philosophie 1940-1941 und 1944-1991: Philosophiegeschichte, Ästhetik und die Übersetzung philosophischer Werke
Authors: Matjus Ülo
Published: November 2018

This article is based on a presentation held on the 4th Annual Conference of Estonian Philosophy on May 6th 2008. The article presents a comprehensive overview of teaching and research in philosophy during the Soviet occupation in 1940-1941 and 1944-1991. It focuses on history of philosophy, aesthetics and translation of philosophical literature. After Estonia was occupied in 1940, higher education and research, including teaching and researching philosophy in the University of Tartu, were substantially submitted to the rough ideological-political purposes of the new rule. This path continued from the year 1944, when Estonia was occupied again. Some kind of new more-or-less free possibilities and expectancies for teaching philosophy and doing research became available in years 1953-1956 after the death of Stalin. Slowly begun the formation of the cadre of Estonian teachers and researchers of philosophy. Gradually philosophy became a separate speciality in the University of Tartu and during the years 1987--1991 teaching and research became free from ideological and political pressure. The author illustrates this with enormous amount of facts.
The Analysis of Cash Flow of the Organization: the Methodological Aspects
Authors: Выборова Е. , Vyborova E.
Published: November 2018

The article reveals the elements of the methods of analysis of cash flow of the organization. The main parameters of the analysis of financial streams, the determining the optimal cash remainder, their direct and indirect estimation method are given.
Ancient Greek Philosophy As a Source of Accounting Knowledge
Authors: Миславская Н. , Mislavskaya N.
Published: November 2018

In the article, based on a deep, comprehensive examination and systematization of the postulates of philosophy, the opinions of Russian and foreign scholars, the author’s opinion on the ancient sources of the origin of accounting science is expressed and justified.
A new atrial fibrillation protocol and rationale for acute care
Authors: Munawar Unber , Millward Kat
Published: November 2018

The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) continues to rise in the UK and this article provides clinicians with an evidence-based protocol for use in an acute ward setting for patients who are diagnosed with acute AF. The protocol has been based on the National Institute for Health Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines to ensure that it can be used in trusts across the UK. There is guidance for most members of the multidisciplinary team to follow to ensure they are providing evidence-based care within their own settings. Although this protocol is more focused on acute care settings, it can also be used by clinicians in primary care settings, as they can implement certain guidelines to suit their care settings. As well as pharmacological management, there are also some non-pharmacological management interventions that can be used by nurses and other clinicians to help their patients manage their condition more effectively.
Health literacy and medication adherence in cardiac disease
Authors: Pacleb Adrienne , Randall Sue , Neubeck Lis , Lowres Nicole , Gallagher Robyn
Published: November 2018

Background:

Early mortality arising from cardiac disease can be reduced through the use of medications but medication adherence is often poor. This is influenced by many factors, including health literacy. Systematic reviews indicate the relationship between medication adherence and health literacy is complex and ambiguous although no reviews specifically examine medication adherence in patients with cardiac disease.

Aim:

The aim was to explore current literature that investigates medication adherence and health literacy in patients with cardiac disease.

Method:

An integrative review was performed.

Results:

Patients with cardiac disease had moderate health literacy levels and medication adherence. Four out of eight studies reported lower adherence in people with low health literacy. Additional factors (education, age, intervention strategies, complexity of regimen, cognition, ethnicity, contextual differences, medical insurance and patient beliefs) were found to have stronger associations with adherence.

Conclusion:

Patients with cardiac disease in the majority of the studies had high levels of medication adherence, which may be influenced by important factors other than health literacy. Further research is needed to investigate these factors while accounting for the potential influence of health literacy.
Finalising an item bank for a first draft cardiac rehabilitation PROM
Authors: Cowie Aynsley , Kerr Emma , McKay Janet , Allan Lesley , Thomson Patricia
Published: November 2018

Background:

A Scotland-wide scoping exercise identified the need for a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to suit the range of diagnostic groups now accessing cardiac rehabilitation (CR). A previous literature review of existing tools guided a qualitative methodology involving CR staff and service users ( Cowie et al, 2018 ).

Aim:

This paper describes the merging of literature review findings with qualitative data to finalise the item bank for a first draft tool (PROM-CR1).

Methods:

Conceptual ideas identified from existing tools were aligned with key themes and subthemes within the qualitative data. Quotes most reflective of the qualitative language were used to evidence themes and develop 40 construct indicators which were used to build PROM-CR1.

Results:

PROM-CR1 contains 40 items across ‘physical’, ‘social’, ‘psychological’ and ‘therapeutic’ domains, plus ‘general health and well-being’, ‘physical’, ‘social’, and ‘psychological’ summary scores.

Future directions:

PROM-CR1 will be piloted with both staff and service users, and refined to develop a finalised tool (PROM-CR) for clinical practice.
Maternity safety champions
Authors: Dunkley-Bent Jacqueline
Published: November 2018

What is a maternity safety champion and what does the role involve? Jacqueline Dunkley-Bent has the answers—from the key responsibilities of the job to where it will go next
Living with perinatal OCD
Authors: Benfield Catherine
Published: November 2018

Obsessive compulsive disorder can have devastating effects on new parents, but is under-researched and poorly understood. Catherine Benfield explains the condition and what midwives can do to help
Perinatal Mental Health Summit
Authors: Newman Lauren
Published: November 2018

On Monday 8 October, the 2018 Perinatal Mental Health Summit took place in central London. Lauren Newman reports on the proceedings and take home messages from the day
Operating department practitioners and midwives: The undervalued obstetric care collaboration
Authors: Newsam Rebecca
Published: November 2018

More than one-quarter of births in the UK are reported to be by caesarean section, requiring the skills and expertise of operating department practitioners (ODPs) and midwives, an often-overlooked care collaboration. This reflective case study looks back at an experience that the author, a registered ODP, had as a third-year student. It provides an example of how a lack of understanding of roles and poor interprofessional communication between the midwife and postoperative practitioner detrimentally affected a woman's care. The aim is to demonstrate areas for improvement and make recommendations highlighting the need for inclusive education and learning in perioperative obstetric care.
Supporting survivors of abuse
Authors: Belshaw Sharon
Published: November 2018

Survivors of childhood sexual abuse may have many reasons to fear pregnancy, birth and parenting. Sharon Belshaw, of charity Break The Silence, outlines how midwives can help
Traditional Techniques for the Management of Cactaceae in the Americas: The Relationship between Use and Conservation
Authors: Pedrosa Kamila Marques , Lucena Camila Marques , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva , Lopes Sérgio de Faria
Published: November 2018

Humans have used and coexisted with cacti in arid regions of North and South America for thousands of years. Species of the family Cactaceae possess physiological adaptations to arid and semi-arid climates that have allowed them to be used as a resource throughout the year by traditional peoples. The objective of this review is to present information on the uses and management of species of Cactaceae in the various regions of the Americas. This review provides information relevant to conservation policies regarding this important resource for local populations in semi-arid regions. To fully understand how management can influence cacti conservation, a knowledge gap regarding the traditional management of cacti needs to be addressed.
Desenvolvimento de angelônia em vaso, sob doses de adubo de liberação lenta
Authors: Winhelmann Mara Cíntia , Emer Aquélis Armiliato , Tedesco Marília , Paris Priscila , Fior Claudimar Sidnei , Schafer Gilmar
Published: November 2018

Angelonia integerrima is a native species that has ornamental potential, being cultivated in flowerbeds, flowerpots, pots, or even used as a complement in floral arrangements. Knowledge of mineral nutrition is required for the cultivation of the species, and slow release fertilization have become widespread in recent years, with a lower risk of toxicity to crops, an economy in relation to complementary fertilizers and may be an alternative to cultivation of potted plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of Angelonia integerrima Sprengel in pot under slow release fertilization doses. Acclimatized seedlings with approximately 1 cm height, from in vitro germinated seeds were transplanted into 1 L pots containing substrate composted Pinus bark. Five doses of Basacote ® 9M slow release fertilizer, formulation 16-8-12 (N - P2O5 - K2O), 9 months: control - 0 g L-1, 2.5 g L-1, 5.0 g L-1, 7.5 g L-1 and 10.0 g L-1. The plants were grown in a greenhouse under drip irrigation. The shoot length, length of the largest inflorescence, number of stems, diameter of the largest stem, mean length of the stems, number of open flowers, fruits and senescent flowers, chlorophyll a, b and total, mass of dry matter of shoot and root system were evaluated after 286 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replicates of six pots per plot. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by polynomial regression by SigmaPlot 11.0. It was possible to adjust a quadratic equation for the variables: shoot length (with maximum response point in 7.2 g L-1), mean length of stems (6.7 g L-1), diameter of the largest stem and the root system (5.9 g L-1), number of open flowers, buds, senescent flowers and total flowers (7.7 g L-1). For the variables, number of stems, number of fruits, chlorophyll a, b and total did not differ between treatments. The slow releaser fertilizer indicated dose for the cultivation of the potted species is 7.2 g L-1.
Allelopathy of extracts of Cyperus rotundus and Oxalis latifolia on snapdragon seeds germination
Authors: Pêgo Rogério Gomes , Fialho Cíntia Maria Teixeira
Published: November 2018

Snapdragon (Anthirrhinum majus L.) is an ornamental plant propagated by seeds and usually cultivated in beds. In production fields occur many weeds, such as Cyperus rotundus and Oxalis latifolia, which can decrease flower production by competition or releasing allelopathic components. However, there is few knowledge about the effect of these allelopathic components on snapdragon seed germination. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of C. rotundus and O. latifolia on the germination of snapdragon. For this, 10 g of material vegetal from whole plants of C. rotundus or O. latifolia were ground in 100 mL of water (10% w v-1). The dilutions of aqueous extracts in 75%, 50%, 25% and 0 were prepared using distilled water. The seeds were kept in paper moistened with extracts, in box gerbox-type, and conditioned in a germination chamber for 11 days. After 11 days the percentage of germination, vigor, germination speed index (GSI), percentage of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds, root length and shoot seedlings were evaluated. Extracts of C. rotundus and O. latifolia reduced the percentage of seed germination by up to 17.6% and 43.7%, respectively. The vigor was reduced from 55.0% to 28.5% and IVG reduced from 27 to 12 in extracts of O. latifolia. The maximum of 49.5% and 35.5% of dead seeds was obtained in extracts of O. latifolia and C. rotundusrespectively. The highest concentrations of extracts of both species altered the morphology of snapdragons seedlings reducing the length of radicle and shoot.
Notes from the Editors, November 2018
Authors: The Editors -
Published: November 2018

buy this issue

The twenty-first century has resulted in a vast upsurge of ecological Marxism and ecosocialism more generally, building on the environmental critique of capitalism embedded in classical historical materialism. At the same time, it has also engendered opposing tendencies and approaches concerning how we understand relentless ecological destruction under capitalism. This issue is dedicated to exploring the theoretical advances, schools of thought, and debates on the left in regard to our world's ecological crisis, which threatens the survival of humanity and is inescapable within the present capitalist system of production.
Cuba's First Military Doctors
Authors: Fitz Don
Published: November 2018

In the 1960s and the context of mushrooming popular movements across the globe, the brutality of U.S. imperialism, the unreliability of the Soviet Union as an ally, and the Latin American Communist Parties' focus on the urban working class, Cuban leaders felt beckoned to help revolutionary projects in Africa. While Cuba sent soldiers, they also sent doctors. By the end of the 1960s, when the Cuban revolutionary government had been in power for only ten years, doctors had been involved in four different African political projects. Cuba's deployment of military doctors to Africa left profound impacts, both on the host countries and on the Cuban doctors, who were bound to secrecy and only began sharing their stories decades later.
Typology and Feature Checking of Wh-Questions
Authors: Ma Daoshan
Published: November 2018

From  the  perspective  of  the  syntactic  behavior  of  wh-questions,  natural languages can be classified into four types: Null Spec Language, Single Filled Spec  Language,  Multiply  Filled  Spec  Language  and  Non-Multiply  Filled Spec Language. Data were collected according to the relevance to the present research  from  each  representative  of  the  four  types  of  languages,  namely, Chinese, English, Bulgarian and Czech. Some of the data in the thesis were taken from the previous literature. Others were from self-introspection. The collected data were analyzed from the point of typology and feature checking. Feature checking in wh-questions of these four types of languages seem to be operated quite differently. Pied-piping of the formal features of the wh-words or  wh-phrases  occur  in  English,  Bulgarian  and  Czech  but  not  in  Chinese. However, feature movement in wh-questions of these four types of languages is universal. This finding proves Chomsky’s biological linguistic belief that language is mainly an optimal solution to conditions it must satisfy.
Romanen und Bajuwaren im Inntal
Authors: Michałowski Andrzej
Published: November 2018

On the basis of available archaeological, historical, and linguistic evidence the article presents an overview of the beginnings of Inn valley (northern Tirol) population at the turn of antiquity and in the early phase of Middle Ages by German tribe of Bajuwaren. It further considers a reciprocal coexistence of these immigrants from beyond the Alps with local post-Roman groups of Breones. A peaceful coexistence, common religion (Catholicism) and external threat from Alamans, Longobards and Slavs led in a long run to the cultural and linguistic assimilation of Roman groups by Bajuwaren.
Chronologia późnych faz kultury dniepro-donieckiej na Białorusi w świetle najnowszych oznaczeń radiowęglowych ze stanowiska Prorva 2, rejon rogaczowski
Authors: Jazepienko Igor , Jóźwiak Bartosz
Published: November 2018

The paper presents an analysis of the newest radiocarbon dates from Prorva, site 2 in the Rogaczów region. It provides a basis for the chronological studies of the Dnieper-Donetz culture in Byelorussia.
Wczesnoneolityczne narzędzia kamienne z Pobrzeża Koszalińskiego
Authors: Ilkiewicz Jolanta
Published: November 2018

The article is aimed at analysis and classification of 47 stone tools discovered in the Koszalin Coast (the Baltic Coast), which are taxonomically attributed to the ‘Band’ forms and the early Neolithic-type-so-called ‘Northern’ - axes (‘Walzenbeile’).
Pierwsi rolnicy na ziemi kociewskiej - refleksja z najnowszych odkryć archeologicznych
Authors: Kochanowski Marian
Published: November 2018

The article is aimed at presentation of a newly discovered  Linear Band Pottery settlement at Kościelna Jania, Smętowo Graniczne commune. The site was excavated during rescue works on the Al highway. It has been the largest settlement o f this culture in the Starogard Lake District explored to date. In 21 excavated features, mainly settlement pits, numerous pottery sherds and animal bones (post-consumption remains) were found. Pottery technology and decoration make possible to link these materials with the Note phase and date them back to 430CM1000 be.
Pierwsze odkrycie grobu rowkowego z okresu wędrówek ludów w Wielkopolsce (Konarzewo, pow. Poznań ziemski, stan. 5)
Authors: Makiewicz Tadeusz , Kaczor Wojciech
Published: November 2018

The article presents a discovery of the first grooved burial, rectangular in section, from the Great Poland. It is an urn burial with multiple interments; two urns with remains of three individuals are associated with a groove. Four clusters of cremated bones composed of remains of five individuals were placed directly above. Depending upon chosen interpretation, it was a burial of three or eight individuals. The burial has been dated back to the second half of the 5th century AD. It is a manifestation of transformations in the domain of burial rites in the last phase of the Przeworsk culture. They resulted in increasingly atypical and archaeologically indefinable forms of the burial rite. The burial was placed in the west edge of the settlement composed of hall houses made of a post construction, which was founded in the years 340-352 AD. A well cemetery with cremation burials was also discovered at this site. This was a settlement complex composed of a large settlement and at least two cremation cemeteries. It is the first complex of this type in the Przeworsk culture.
Aneks
Authors: Miłosz Elżbieta
Published: November 2018

Ekspertyza antropologiczna ludzkich szczątków kostnych z grobu rowkowego (ob. 1868) w Konarzewie, pow. Poznań ziemski, stan. 5
Archeologiczna struktura zbiorów ceramiki z osad neolitycznych
Authors: Kukawka Stanisław
Published: November 2018

The article is intended to address an essence of pottery assemblages from Neolithic settlements. Three aspects have been analysed: relationships between complete vessels and fragments resulted from their breakage; relationship between composition of pottery vessels used at any given moment and composition of deposited ceramics; and relationship between deposited pottery and its excavated fraction. It is argued that pottery assemblages excavated and analysed by archaeologists are result of refuse practices. Consequently, they distinctive traits reflect neither a deposited assemblage nor a composition of pottery vessels used at any given moment at the settlement.
Skarby kultury Cucuteni w Państwowym Muzeum Archeologicznym w Warszawie. Uwagi na marginesie przejawów zjawiska reanimacji polskich zainteresowań poznawczych wspólnotą kulturową Cucuteni-Trypolie
Authors: Harat Karolina
Published: November 2018

This paper concerns the exhibition „The art and religion in the Stone Age – the Cucuteni culture” and the history of Polish research of the Cucuteni-Tripolye culture.
Osadnictwo wczesnośredniowieczne nad Jeziorem Wojnowickim
Authors: Jankowska Dobrochna
Published: November 2018

The article aims to present the results of rescue excavations of Early Medieval sites located in the area of the planned reservoir „Wonieść” (Great Poland) and carried out in the years 1976–1980. In particular, the results of excavations of remains of a metallurgical settlement at Wojnowice 2, Osieczna commune, are discussed.
Selected aspects of job motivation as seen by EFL teachers
Authors: Łęska-Drajerczak Iwona
Published: November 2018

The article presents a preliminary report of 120 questionnaires addressed at EFL teachers and distributed between 1998-2000. The survey aims at obtaining information on the condition of teacher job motivation at the present stage of their professional career and determining the factors which are positive job motivators and those which are negative job motivators as described by EFL teachers. The article presents a brief description of 6 selected questions and the interpretation of obtained results. The survey is part of a Ph.D. dissertation entitled „Motivation and Self-Perception of EFL teachers”.
Joint Child Custody as a New Kindergarten Teachers’ Experience
Authors: Majerčíková Jana
Published: November 2018

Introduction: The possibility of joint child care after divorce in which parental responsibilities are distributed equally among parents has been implemented in the Czech Republic since 1998. Under certain circumstances, joint custody is considered to be the best solution with regard to further prospects of individual children and also their relationships with their divorcing parents. The solution of joint custody issues happens between parents and/or their family members. Lawyers, psychologists, doctors, and social workers adopt a legitimate attitude to each individual case. Primarily, psychologists provide empirical proofs of the beneficial effect of joint custody concept. In Czech conditions, teachers are the least heard group in this respect. Methods: A research was carried out in which we utilized the method of thematic writing. Twenty-seven written products, written by the kindergarten teachers were analyzed (the length ranged from 2000 to 2500 words). The content analysis was used with the research aim to reveal their point of view of the joint child custody concept and their experience with children in joint custody. Results: The teachers’ attitude to joint custody was negative, they more leaned towards the opinion that joint custody is not an optimal solution. They perceived the concept of joint custody as beneficial but, on the other hand, as problematic and hardly feasible by divorced people as they often remain in conflict. Based on their experience with children in joint custody, it is fully dependent on the ability of parents to agree on it and to fulfil their children’s interests together. However, these are not, according to the teachers, very often taken into consideration in joint custody. Discussion: In their reflections, kindergarten teachers confirmed the generally accepted controversial conclusions and experience related to primarily practical side of joint custody. They underlined the accepted opinion that it is always necessary to assess joint custody in its relations to a particular case and in respect to its inability to substitute normally functioning and complete families. Limitaitons: The main research limit concerns the choices of research sample and amount of material based on 27 written products. The first version of the report underwent a participant validation in order to reduce possible distortion during the interpretation of empirical data. Conclusions: The research results have the potential to introduce further valuable and pedagogical perspective into the discussion about joint custody issues. It can even serve as a stimulus to optimize the content of teacher education with the aim to encompass various elements of educational reality of current kindergarten.
Teacher as an Amateur Speech Therapist – Current Knowledge in the Field of Speech Therapy Prevention in Kindergartens
Authors: Vašíková Jana
Published: November 2018

Introduction: In our paper, we focus mainly on defining the term of speech therapy prevention, on the anchoring of speech therapy prevention in the legislation and education, the teacher as an actor and direct mediator of the primary speech therapy prevention, and his competence. The research part describes the data obtained by in-depth interviews with teachers in nursery schools in the Zlín region. Methods: The empirical part of the study was conducted through a qualitative research. We have obtained research data via interviews with teachers from nursery schools in the Zlín Region. The data, after transcribing them into written form, were subsequently analysed and interpreted. Results: Based on the results of the research, we can identify one of the most significant categories in the survey of the method of implementation of speech therapy prevention in selected nursery schools in the South Moravian Region. It’s called “Teacher as an amateur speech therapist”. Within this category, we can also distinguish between three types of teachers: teacher - speech therapist, speech therapy assistant as a substitute of speech therapist, teacher - preventionist, and speech therapist. Discussion: What is the cause of this situation? Poor education? Legislation? Pedagogical practice? Limitations: The research was realized only in the South Moravian Region (CZ) and cannot be applied to the entire population. Conclusions: It is evident from the results of the research that some respondents have insufficient knowledge about the competences of individual actors in the speech therapy prevention process as well as about the realization of speech therapy prevention in kindergartens.
IUPAC in the (real) clouds
Authors: Cox R. Anthony , Ammann Markus , Crowley John N. , Herrmann Hartmut , Jenkin Michael E. , McNeill V. Faye , Mellouki Abdel Wahid , Rossi Michel J. , Troe Jurgen , Wallington Timothy J.
Published: November 2018

As we approach the end of the second decade of the 21st century, changes in atmospheric chemical composition due to anthropogenic pollution continue to challenge the well-being of society. The IUPAC effort in atmospheric chemistry data evaluation can be traced back over 40 years. Global concerns over potentially catastrophic stratospheric ozone depletion resulting from emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) led to the creation of the CODATA Task Group on Chemical Kinetics in 1977. The task of the CODATA group was to provide the evaluated kinetic data for atmospheric reactions needed to assess the threat to stratospheric ozone. In 1989, sponsorship of the data evaluation effort was transferred to IUPAC, leading to the formation of the IUPAC Task Group on Atmospheric Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation.
Some (critical) questions for diachronic construction grammar
Authors: Gregersen Sune
Published: November 2018

The paper critically reviews a recent volume onDiachronic Construction Grammar. It is argued that a more convincing case for the diachronic construction grammar approach could have been made by more explicitly comparing it to other approaches to historical linguistics, and that a number of central notions, such as “constructionalization”, are not applied consistently throughout the volume. In addition, an analysis of the constructionalization of Englishbegoing topresented in the volume is examined and shown not to be supported by the Early Modern English data.
The evolution of Choctaw grammatical words hosh and h

o

: Evidence from the Pitchlynn manuscript
Authors: Haag Marcia
Published: November 2018

The ubiquitous and characteristic pair of Choctaw grammatical words hosh and ho
appear to have evolved from an older form, the pair hocha and hona. There are very few if any modern instances of the latter pair. But the manuscript of the Choctaw council meetings from 1826–1828, whose author was Peter Perkins Pitchlynn, shows that the older pair was common if not dominant in that era. This article illustrates the parallel usage of those forms with modern speech and the phonological processes that account for modern forms. Pitchlynn’s Council Notes manuscript, which is one of the earliest significant Choctaw texts, contemporaneous legal documents from the mid-nineteenth century, and other writings of that era, specifically hymns, show the decreasing distribution of hocha and hona and their replacement with hosh/ho
.
Evolution of the subjunctive in New Persian (10th–20th): From disappearance to reappearance
Authors: Lenepveu-Hotz Agnès
Published: November 2018

The subjunctive mood is not built with the same morpheme in Middle Persian as in Contemporary Persian. In Middle Persian it is marked with the suffix-ā-and with the prefixbe-in Contemporary Persian. Based on a corpus of eleven texts, this article will demonstrate how the Middle Persian subjunctive disappeared and how a new subjunctive form was created in New Persian. Contrary to common belief, we will see that this modal opposition indicative/subjunctive does not exist during the intermediate stages, i.e. Early New Persian (10th–11th c.) and Classical Persian (12th–19th c.). Therefore, the first value of rhematicity of the prefixbe-will be analyzed in order to explain its reuse as a modal marking, certainly with an intermediate step of perfectivity, as well as the dialectal variants in New Persian. Since this same exact evolution of disappearance and modal recreation is seen in other languages not related neither genetically nor geographically to each other, the Persian modal evolution may shed light on the reason for the reuse of an ancient present as a modal form.
A microscopic experimental study of nanoparticle motion for the enhancement of oxygen absorption in nanofluids
Authors: Jiang Jia-Zong , Zhang Song , Liu Lei , Sun Bao-Min
Published: November 2018

The behavior of nanoparticle motion has a great influence on gas-liquid mass transfer. However, it has been very difficult to characterize the motion of nanoparticles from a micro view in mass transfer experiments. In this study, a novel method was proposed to investigate nanoparticle Brownian motion through the application of the total internal reflection fluorescence microscope in a self-designed sample (a quasi-static liquid micro-groove) and the mass transfer enhancement of nanoparticles. Nanoparticle movement behavior was photographed using an electron-multiplying charge coupled device, and 100 consecutive images were recorded using Micro-Manager software at a rate of 20 fps. The images were processed through the particle tracking velocimetry algorithm to calculate two-dimensional motion rates of nanoparticles caused by Brownian movement. It showed that nanoparticle loadings influenced the motion rates significantly, and the motion rates were larger with smaller particle sizes under the same operating condition. The mass transfer coefficients in the quasi-static gas-liquid mass transfer system were calculated and analyzed through microscopic measurement. Based on the above thought, three important non-dimensional numbers [Sherwood (Shp
), Reynolds (Rep
), and Schmidt (Scp
) numbers] for mass transfer theory were studied.
Reliable Neural Networks for Proportioning of Concrete Mixes Containing Cement Replacement Materials
Authors: Rahmani Hamid , Ahmadi Sattar , Mansorkhani Ali Alipour
Published: November 2018

Artificial neural network (ANN) is one of the most suitable analytical methods used for modeling complex relationships between concrete properties and concrete mix ingredients. In the present study, common ANN is first trained to predict concrete mix proportions using experimental data sets. Experimental data sets include the content of water, cementitious materials (cement, silica fume, rice husk ash, and natural pozzolanas), coarse and fine aggregates, superplasticizer and the compressive strength, the slump, and the maximum size of the aggregates. Also, statistical analyses are used to correlate the results and the acceptable error. Then, the neural network is retrained using experimental data sets together with analytical data sets that are produced using the Iranian national concrete mix design method, empirical relationships, or both. Finally, the performance of the retrained neural networks is compared with the first one. The results show that the neural networks, which are trained using both analytical and experimental data sets, are more reliable and can be reliably used for modeling of complex relationships.
Measurement of Sample Tilt by Residual Imprint Morphology of Berkovich Indenter
Authors: Gao Chenghui , Yao Ligang , Liu Ming
Published: November 2018

The tilt between sample surface and indenter is the premise for taking into consideration the effect of sample tilt on indentation measurement by some correction functions. A theoretical approach is proposed to measure the tilt angle and rotation angle of a tilted sample by the residual imprint morphology of the Berkovich indenter. The tilt angle and rotation angle are defined in the Cartesian coordinate system at the tip of the Berkovich indenter, which is ideal and whose axis is along the vertical direction. The normal of the sample surface can be calculated with unique solutions by solving the equations with the projected contact lengths of indenter edges as input values, which can be measured directly from the residual imprint after indentation. Tilt angle and rotation angle can be calculated from sample surface normal.
An Analyzing of Cross Layer Design for Implementing Adaptive Antenna Technique in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
Authors: Subramaniam Mahendrakumar , Thangamuthu Guna Sekar
Published: November 2018

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) uses an omni-directional antenna, which transmits and receives power from all directions, resulting in higher noise and interference. The interference effects can be minimized with the help of adaptive directional antennas. The proposed model for implementing adaptive antenna techniques in MANET is a cross layer design. Utilizing adaptive antennas, two nodes are able to communicate when both the transmitter’s and receiver’s unidirectional radiation beams are directing toward each other’s nodes. A cross layer methodology for dynamic topology control enables the interaction between medium access control layer and the routing layer for reaching the necessary quality of service (QoS) of various data packets. After the initialization of a network, the algorithm initially develops a topology and the routing techniques use this network topology to find out the route paths for data transmission. Later, based on the network scenario for ongoing transmissions and to obtain the necessary QoS, the topology gets altered by the topology control layer in order to obtain the optimized network with better performance. Simulation results show specifically, throughput and signal-to-noise ratio were increased by 33 % and 42 %, respectively.
Performance evaluation of wire electrical discharge machining on Titanium Alloy
Authors: Tan Jun Qi , Abu Mohd Yazid
Published: November 2018

The experimental carried out to aim at the selection of the best condition machining parameter combination for wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) of titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V). By using Design Expert 10 software, a series of experiments were performed by selecting pulse-on time, pulse-off time, servo voltage and peak current as parameters. The responses that considered were cutting speed, material removal rate, sparking gap and surface roughness. Based on ANOVA analysis, the effect from the parameters on the responses was determined. The optimum machining parameters setting for the maximum cutting speed, minimum sparking gap and minimum surface roughness were found by proceed optimization experiment. Then, each optimization response had their own combination setting on WEDM to cut titanium alloy. 3D response surface graph such as dome and bowl shape represent maximum and minimum point for the solutions had shown in the report. Finally, predicted and actual value from the experiment have been calculated for validation.
An implementation of differential evolution algorithm for a single product and single period multi-echelon supply chain network model
Authors: Emdadian Ayda , Ponnambalam S. G. , Kanagaraj G.
Published: November 2018

In this paper, five variants of Differential Evolution (DE) algorithms are proposed to solve the multi-echelon supply chain network optimization problem. Supply chain network composed of different stages which involves products, services and information flow between suppliers and customers, is a value-added chain that provides customers products with the quickest delivery and the most competitive price. Hence, there is a need to optimize the supply chain by finding the optimum configuration of the network in order to get a good compromise between several objectives. The supply chain problem utilized in this study is taken from literature which incorporates demand, capacity, raw-material availability, and sequencing constraints in order to maximize total profitability. The performance of DE variants has been investigated by solving three stage multi-echelon supply chain network optimization problems for twenty demand scenarios with each supply chain settings. The objective is to find the optimal alignment of procurement, production, and distribution while aiming towards maximizing profit. The results show that the proposed DE algorithm is able to achieve better performance on a set of supply chain problem with different scenarios those obtained by well-known classical GA and PSO.
Development of Product Resource Inventory Control Using Forecasting In ‘SMED’
Authors: Woon Wei Jie , Ismail Siti Zubaidah
Published: November 2018

Industry 4.0 known as “Fourth Industrial Revolution” and also “smart manufacturing” is the current trend of the manufacturing organization. There are four main components for Industry 4.0 which are Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), Internet of Services (IoS) and Smart Factory. Product service system (PSS) is a system that combine product and service; to fulfill customer demand and increase their satisfaction level. The main objective of inventory control is to prevent storage overload and ensure storage always have sufficient supply for the customer. By adding sensor, the inventory in storage can be counted and controlled. The output from the sensor can be displayed on the computer and the operator can look out the storage status. Forecasting in inventory can predict the trend of the inventory in future. This allow operator to keep tracking on their reorder point and make sure the inventory never run out.
Not the same thing: metastatic PTCs have a different background than ATCs
Authors: de Biase Dario , Torricelli Federica , Ragazzi Moira , Donati Benedetta , Kuhn Elisabetta , Visani Michela , Acquaviva Giorgia , Pession Annalisa , Tallini Giovanni , Piana Simonetta , Ciarrocchi Alessia
Published: November 2018

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but highly aggressive form of thyroid cancer. By contrast, differentiated papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) only rarely behave aggressively and develop distant metastasis. Whether distantly metastatic PTC (DM-PTC) and ATC share a common genetic background is still to be defined. We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to explore the genetic background of a cohort of ATC and DM-PTC and a group of well-differentiated PTCs that did not developed distant metastasis as control (ctrl-PTC). A panel of 128 amplicons within 21 thyroid cancer-related genes was analyzed in a set of 151 thyroid cancer samples including 66 ATCs and DM-PTCs. We showed that the ATC/DM-PTC group had an overall mutational load higher than ctrl-PTCs and that ATCs and DM-PTCs are characterized by a different genetic background, with the exception of mutations in the TERT promoter that were overrepresented in both ATCs (61.1%) and DM-PTCs (48.2%) vs non-aggressive ctrl-PTCs (7.6%). In ATCs, TERT promoter mutations were frequently associated with TP53 mutations, while in the DM-PTCs no significant co-occurrence was observed. No significant association of MED12 mutations with aggressiveness of thyroid cancer was observed in our analysis. Finally, correlation analysis showed that increasing number of mutations negatively impact on patient overall survival also within the ATC and DM-PTC group. In conclusions, overall our analysis further highlights the relevance of TERT promoter mutations in driving aggressiveness and provides new pieces of information in the definition of aggressiveness evolution of thyroid cancer lesions.
One-step nucleic acid amplification for intraoperative analysis of sentinel lymph node in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Iglesias Felip Carmela , Zafon Llopis Carles , Temprana-Salvador Jordi , García-Burillo Amparo , Serres Créixams Xavier , Caubet Busquet Enric , Roca Bielsa Isabel , Mesa Manteca Jordi , Castell Conesa Joan , Fort López-Barajas José Manuel , Pujol-Borrell Ricardo , Ramon y Cajal Agüeras Santiago , González López Oscar
Published: November 2018

Objective

Lymphadenectomy in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is controversial. It is indicated whenever metastases have been proven before or during surgery and as a prophylactic treatment in high-risk patients. However, 30–50% of cN0 patients become pN1 postoperatively. In PTC, selective-sentinel-lymph-node-biopsy (SLNB) with conventional intraoperative analysis is 8% false negative. One-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) is a molecular technique which allows real-time detection of mRNA encoding for cytokeratin 19. OSNA has been introduced in intraoperative analysis of several tumors to reduce false-negative rates and distinguish micrometastasis from macrometastasis. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of the introduction of OSNA in the intraoperative evaluation of the sentinel node (SN) in PTC.

Design

We analyzed a series of 35 patients subjected to SLNB.

Methods

All the dissected nodes, SN and non-SN, were evaluated with OSNA and cytology.

Results

We obtained a total of 110 SN. SLNB proved positive in 14 patients (40%) with cytology and in 23 (65.7%) with OSNA (P < 0.001). In the 29 patients with subsequent lymphadenectomy we obtained 360 lymph nodes ((52 positive in cytology (14.4%) and 107 in OSNA (29.7%)). Lymphadenectomy proved positive in 16 patients according to cytology (55%) and in 24 according to OSNA (83%) (P = 0002). The majority of patients with micrometastasis in SN showed only micrometastasis in lymphadenectomy.

Conclusions

The present study shows selective-sentinel-lymph-node-biopsy with one-step nucleic acid amplification technique to be feasible in papillary thyroid carcinoma. The quantitative nature of one-step nucleic acid amplification paves the way toward a more personalized surgical approach, limiting lymphadenectomy to patients with intraoperative evidence of macrometastasis in the sentinel node.
SRC1 deficiency in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus increases appetite and body weight
Authors: Lu Qianqian , Yang Yuying , Jia Sheng , Zhao Shaoqiang , Gu Bin , Lu Peng , He Yang , Liu Ruixin , Wang Jiqiu , Ning Guang , Ma Qinyun
Published: November 2018

Appetite is tightly controlled by neural and hormonal signals in animals. In general, steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC1) enhances steroid hormone signalling in energy balance and serves as a common coactivator of several steroid receptors, such as oestrogen and glucocorticoid receptors. However, the key roles of SRC1 in energy balance remain largely unknown. We first confirmed that SRC1 is abundantly expressed in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), which is a critical centre for regulating feeding and energy balance; it is further co-localised with agouti-related protein and proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Interestingly, local SRC1 expression changes with the transition between sufficiency and deficiency of food supply. To identify its direct role in appetite regulation, we repressed SRC1 expression in the hypothalamic ARC using lentivirus shRNA and found that SRC1 deficiency significantly promoted food intake and body weight gain, particularly in mice fed with a high-fat diet. We also found the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway due to SRC1 deficiency. Thus, our results suggest that SRC1 in the ARC regulates appetite and body weight and that AMPK signalling is involved in this process. We believe that our study results have important implications for recognising the overlapping and integrating effects of several steroid hormones/receptors on accurate appetite regulation in future studies.