bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.): Exploring the wonders of Indian folklore and the miracles of traditional healing
Authors: Gupta Suchita , Gupta Reena
Published: April 2024

Herbal medicines have been used for centuries to treat various ailments and have now gained global importance for their therapeutic and economic implications. One such plant is Averrhoa carambola commonly known as star fruit, a tropical plant belonging to the Oxalidaceae family. With a rich history of traditional medicinal uses in India and Southeast Asia, it has been employed to treat various ailments, including urinary infections, hypertension, diabetes, and gastrointestinal issues. The fruit is popular for its sweet and sour taste and finds culinary use in salads, beverages, and garnishing. The therapeutic potential of A. carambola is attributed to its abundance of natural antioxidants and phenolic compounds such as gallic acid in gallotannin form, catechins, and epicatechins. These bioactive constituents contribute to its medicinal properties and health benefits. However, scientific investigations have revealed potential health risks associated with A. carambola consumption. High oxalic acid content in the fruit poses a risk of toxicity, particularly for individuals with renal impairments who consume excessive fruit juices. Additionally, the presence of caramboxin, a neurotoxin, can interfere with the GABAergic system, leading to neurotoxic effects. This review offers a comprehensive and well-organized examination of the current progress regarding the benefits, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of A. carambola. The insights presented in this review have the potential to drive advancements and novel treatments involving star fruit in modern times. As interest in herbal medicines continues to rise, further research on A. carambola holds promise for exploring new therapeutic applications in the realm of natural remedies.
In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Sambucus williamsii and Sambucus pendula
Authors: Seo Kyoung-sun , Yun Kyeong Won
Published: April 2024

The present study aimed to compare the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Sambucus williamsii and Sambucus pendula. The antimicrobial activity of the two plants was evaluated using the disc diffusion and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) method against three Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9327 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313), four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 15489, Psendomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Pseudomonas fluorescens KCCM 41443 and Salmonella typhimurium KCCM 11862) and one yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFO 1950). The tested ether and ethyl acetate fractions of ethanol extract from Sambucus williamsii showed significant antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens; conversely, the ether fraction of Sambucus pendula leaf showed no clear zone formation against any tested bacteria. In general, the fractions of the two Sambucus species exhibited a lower MIC against tested Gram-negative bacteria than the tested Gram-positive bacteria. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The results showed that the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the ethanol extract of Sambucus williamsii was the lower value, which means the greater antioxidant activity. On the other hand, the IC50 value of the hot water extract of Sambucus pendula was the lower value. The richness of the total polyphenol contents of the two Sambucus implies their potential as raw material sources for the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
Optimization of factors affecting Agrobacterium-mediated hairy root induction in Vitex negundo L. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Mahakur Bhaswatımayee , Moharana Arpıta , Madkamı Sanjay Kumar , Naık Soumendra Kumar , Barık Durga Prasad
Published: April 2024

Vitex negundo L. is an aromatic, woody, blooming shrub in the Lamiaceae family which can grow into a small tree. Traditionally, V. negundo root has been used to cure diabetes, colic, boils, leprosy, and rheumatism. Keeping the importance of its roots in mind, an attempt has been taken for development of a protocol for efficient hairy root proliferation system. The Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (MTCC 532 and MTCC 2364) were used for hairy root induction. For A. rhizogenes infection, both in vitro and in vivo leaves as well as internodes were used as explant. In vitro leaves and internodal explants were obtained by the inoculation of matured nodal segments on the optimum medium [MS + 2.0 mg/L N6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP)] with c.a. 91.6% shoot regeneration and an average of 8.1 shoots per explants. In vitro leaf showed best hairy root induction followed by in vitro internode on ½ MS medium augmented with acetosyringone. Highest transformation efficiency was achieved using MTCC 2364 strain, while no transformation was observed in MTCC 532 strain. Different factors affecting transformation including co-cultivation period, infection time and optical density (O.D.) value were standardized. The highest efficacy, 88.8% hairy root induction was observed in in vitro leaves infected by MTCC 2364 for 60 minutes infection time with an O.D. value of 0.29 maintained over a 44-48 hours of co-cultivation period. The prescribed protocol may be used as a reference for development of industrial scale hairy root production for bioactive compound located in root of V. negundo.
A Study on Tea Culture and Naju tteok-cha(herbal tea) in Naju
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Kil Jae-yun
Published: April 2024

This study aims to secure the traditionality of Naju tteok-tea(herbal tea), which combines a new form of functional tea with medicinal properties, through a literary review of Naju's tea culture and sensory evaluation of domestically collected tteok-tea, and to provide a foundation for commercialization. Tteok-tea produced in the Naju Bulhoesa region is a tradition that has been passed down from Dasan to the present day. The researcher examined the production methods of tteok-tea from major tea-producing regions in Korea and conducted a preference survey among tea specialist and tea expert.. It was recognized for its marketability in the tea market. In order to promote industrialization as an objective basis for the preservation of Naju's tea culture and tteok-tea, which must be passed down and preserved as part of the historical agricultural heritage, there is a demand for ways to utilize it for the benefit of tea farmers and local residents.
A Study on Schizandra Beverage Trend through Literature
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Choi Bae-young
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the history of schizandra beverages in the literature, examine trends over time to characterize them, and suggest implications for expanding their popularity. For this purpose, 18 literatures written or published between the 17th and early 21st centuries were selected for review that specifically documented the ingredients and methods of making schisandra beverages. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the primary types of schisandra beverages in the literature reviewed were teas, infusions, juices, sweetened juices, and concentrates. Second, the secondary types of schisandra beverages utilizing the primary types of schisandra beverages were categorized as galsu and hwachae. Third, in order to expand the popularity of schisandra beverages today, this paper suggested orientation of healthy pleasure, promotion of functionality, merchandising as a newtro beverage, and application of color therapy.
Comparative study of Korean and Chinese tea museums: Focusing on the Korean Tea Museum and the Chinese Tea Leaf Museum
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Zhao Xianmei
Published: April 2024

The Modern Museum is a complex educational and cultural center that collects, investigates, researches, and discloses important materials and items in various fields such as art, history, food, and electronic devices, and emphasizes education, research, and exhibitions. Accordingly, this study focuses on the Korean Tea Museum and the Chinese Tea Leaf Museum, studies their development plans, and seeks ways to promote friendship between the two countries through tea in the future.
The revitalization plan for the Korea-China Museum is as follows. First, communication between museums and visitors must be strengthened by introducing digital technology. Second, visitors’ intention to revisit must be increased through differentiation strategies. Third, the tea museum's service types should be expanded and used as a festival space to revitalize the local economy. Fourth, the brand value of tea culture must be increased overseas. Fifth, tea culture must be promoted through a globalization strategy. In other words, considering the cultural specificity and role of tea, the value of the tea museum must be realized through tea and tea culture in a global universality.
Prevalência de doenças reumáticas em idosos
Authors: Panke Leonardo Steinhorst , Pillatt Ana Paula
Published: April 2024

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a prevalência de doenças reumáticas em idosos brasileiros e suas consequências. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática integrativa realizada em 2022, a partir das recomendações do PRISMA, desenvolvida com artigos publicados no período de 2016 a 2021 nas seguintes bases eletrônicas: Medline, PubMed, SciELO e Lilacs. Foram identificados 45 estudos através da estratégia de busca. Após a leitura inicial, foram incluídos nove estudos. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, foi observado que a prevalência de doenças reumáticas variou de 25% a 43,6% quando analisadas em idosos de ambos os sexos. Pessoas idosas com doenças reumáticas apresentaram maior razão de prevalência para distúrbios de coluna vertebral, ocorrências de quedas, menor velocidade de marcha, menor força de preensão palmar, incapacidades para atividades da vida diária, adiposidade geral, não estar trabalhando atualmente, baixa escolaridade, não morar sozinho, consultas médicas nos últimos três meses, autopercepção de saúde ruim e transtorno mental comum. Foi possível verificar as consequências das doenças reumáticas em aspectos físicos, mentais e funcionais, que podem servir de embasamento para elaboração de políticas públicas que tenham como objetivo manter a funcionalidade em idosos.
Review of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Disease Prevalence
Authors: Tolou-Ghamari Zahra
Published: April 2024

The main reason for liver-related death globally is reported as cancer which results in most patients with cirrhosis, therefore in this article, we
discuss the epidemiology of liver diseases and liver cancer in the world.

:

Ongoing review article efforts to address updated knowledge of study topics worldwide. Information on the prevalence and mortality of liver
disease were extracted from Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Ninety-two relevant in-depth consequent guide approaches
and evidence-based choices were selected, associated with a knowledgeable collection of current, high-quality manuscripts.

:

Research reported that around 2.3 billion people in the world are infected with one of the hepatitis viruses that could cause liver cancer. The
prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis and liver cancer is varied worldwide. In the United States, each year 18600 males and
9000 females die from liver cancer. The global burden of deaths due to liver cancer was reported in 830,200 in 2020 that predicted to increase to
>55% by 2040. The major causes of liver cancer reported as hepatitis B (mainly in Asia) and C viruses. Regarding chronic liver disease that could
cause cancer in some patients, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to be 6% to 35% worldwide. Steatosis and
steatohepatitis affect 25% of the population worldwide. It is well known that the geographic distribution of different forms of liver disorders is
divergent. Owing to population growth and ageing, liver cirrhosis and its development of cancer is an important health subject worldwide. Further
studies regarding early detection of liver disease based on the easy and inexpensive test to score primary necroinflammation recommended
advantageously.
A Study of Dermatoglyphics Patterns in Relation to the Levels of Perceived
Stress
Authors: Shakir Isra Ishtiaq , Sheikhi Sadaf , Mahmood Marwa , Khan Naba , Rathan Ramya , Salama Miral
Published: April 2024

Background::

Dermatoglyphics is the study of dermal ridge configuration on the skin of the fingers and palms, which can be used to diagnose chromosomal
disorders and individual identification. Stress is characterizedby feeling overwhelmed with mental or emotional pressure and evokes a biological
response when any intrinsic or extrinsic stimulus is applied. Stress can cause acute effects and disorders that can trigger structural changes like
atrophy and decrement in weight in different brain parts with long-term effects on the nervous system.

Materials and Methods::

In this cross-sectional study, fingerprints of 150 participants of Gulf Medical University with an equal number of students and faculty/ staff were
obtained by fingerprint scanner. Participants were classified into low, moderate, and high-stress levels by questionnaire. Collected data were
statistically analyzed to find any association between dermatoglyphics and perceived stress levels.

Results::

Radial Loop was found to have the highest frequency as a percentage in all three groups. Plain whorl was the pattern with the second-highest
percentage of occurrences. A notable observation was the lack of plain arch and low frequency of accidental whorl in the high-stress group.

Conclusion::

The findings contribute to our understanding of the potential of dermatoglyphics as an indicator of perceived stress, opening up avenues for further
research in utilizing these patterns as a non-invasive tool for assessing stress levels.
Applications of L-Arginine in Pregnancy and Beyond: An Emerging Pharmacogenomic Approach
Authors: Vaishnavi Vijapurapu Sai , Sanku Bala Murali Mohan , Kadiri Sunil Kumar , Manoj Kumar Mudigubba , Lingaiah Mahadevamma
Published: April 2024

:

L-arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that plays a critical role in various physiological
processes, such as protein synthesis, wound healing, immune function, and cardiovascular regulation.
The use of L-arginine in pregnancy has been an emerging topic in the field of pharmacogenomics.
L-arginine, an amino acid, plays a crucial role in the production of nitric oxide, which is
necessary for proper placental development and fetal growth. Studies have shown that L-arginine
supplementation during pregnancy can have positive effects on fetal growth, maternal blood pressure,
and the prevention of preeclampsia. This emerging pharmacogenomic approach involves using
genetic information to personalize L-arginine dosages for pregnant women based on their specific
genetic makeup. By doing so, it may be possible to optimize the benefits of L-arginine supplementation
during pregnancy and improve pregnancy outcomes. This paper emphasizes the potential
applications of L-arginine in pregnancy and the use of pharmacogenomic approaches to enhance
its effectiveness. Nonetheless, the emerging pharmacogenomic approach to the application
of L-arginine offers exciting prospects for the development of novel therapies for a wide range of
diseases.
Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Plant-derived
Hypoglycemic Medicines: An In vivo/In vitro Systematic Review
Authors: Adel-Mehraban Mohammad Sadegh , Tabatabaei-Malazy Ozra , Manayi Azadeh , Alatab Sudabeh , Mohseni Shahrzad , Fana Saeed Ebrahimi , Asili Pooria , Bahramsoltani Roodabeh , Esmaeili Fataneh , Azizi Bayan
Published: April 2024

Background:

The activation of oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions has been
associated with acceleration in diabetes (DM) onset and complications. Despite various anti-DM
medications, there is a growing trend to discover inexpensive and effective treatments with low adverse
effects from plants as one of the promising sources for drug development.

Objective:

This study aimed to systematically investigate the simultaneous anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant effects of plant-derived hypoglycemic medicines in diabetic experimental models.

Methods:

The search terms consisted of “diabetes”, “herbal medicine”, “antioxidant”, “Inflammatory
biomarker”, and their equivalents among PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library
databases up to 17 August 2021.

Results:

Throughout the search of databases, 201 eligible experimental studies were recorded.
The results showed that the most commonly assessed inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers
were tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL) 6, IL-1β, IL-10, malondialdehyde (MDA),
and nitric oxide (NO). The activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase
(SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) were assessed in the present review. Among herbal
treatments, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Vitis vinifera L., and
Moringa oleifera Lam. were most commonly used for diabetic complications. Due to the dispersion
of the treatments, meta-analysis was not applicable.

Conclusion:

Our findings showed that the application of different plant-derived hypoglycemic
treatments in animal models improved diabetes and its complications, as well as modulated concomitant
inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. These findings suggest that plant-based
antidiabetic medicines and food supplements have the potential to manage diabetes and its complications.
Navigating the Alzheimer's Treatment Landscape: Unraveling
Amyloid-beta Complexities and Pioneering Precision Medicine
Approaches
Authors: Patwekar Mohsina , Patwekar Faheem , Khan Shahzad , Sharma Rohit , Kumar Dileep
Published: April 2024

:

A variety of cutting-edge methods and good knowledge of the illness's complex causes
are causing a sea change in the field of Alzheimer's Disease (A.D.) research and treatment. Precision
medicine is at the vanguard of this change, where individualized treatment plans based on genetic
and biomarker profiles give a ray of hope for customized therapeutics. Combination therapies
are becoming increasingly popular as a way to address the multifaceted pathology of
Alzheimer's by simultaneously attacking Aβ plaques, tau tangles, neuroinflammation, and other
factors. The article covers several therapeutic design efforts, including BACE inhibitors, gamma-
secretase modulators, monoclonal antibodies (e.g., Aducanumab and Lecanemab), and anti-
Aβ vaccinations. While these techniques appear promising, clinical development faces safety
concerns and uneven efficacy. To address the complicated Aβ pathology in Alzheimer's disease, a
multimodal approach is necessary. The statement emphasizes the continued importance of clinical
trials in addressing safety and efficacy concerns. Looking ahead, it suggests that future treatments
may take into account genetic and biomarker traits in order to provide more personalized care.
Therapies targeting Aβ, tau tangles, neuroinflammation, and novel drug delivery modalities are
planned. Nanoparticles and gene therapies are only two examples of novel drug delivery methods
that have the potential to deliver treatments more effectively, with fewer side effects, and with better
therapeutic results. In addition, medicines that target tau proteins in addition to Aβ are in the
works. Early intervention, based on precise biomarkers, is a linchpin of Alzheimer's care, emphasizing
the critical need for detecting the disease at its earliest stages. Lifestyle interventions, encompassing
diet, exercise, cognitive training, and social engagement, are emerging as key components
in the fight against cognitive decline. Data analytics and art are gaining prominence as strategies
to mitigate the brain's inflammatory responses. To pool knowledge and resources in the fight
against Alzheimer's, international cooperation between scientists, doctors, and pharmaceutical
companies is still essential. In essence, a complex, individualized, and collaborative strategy will
characterize Alzheimer's research and therapy in the future. Despite obstacles, these encouraging
possibilities show the ongoing commitment of the scientific and medical communities to combat
A.D. head-on, providing a glimmer of hope to the countless people and families touched by this savage
sickness.
Omega Indices of Strong and Lexicographic Products of Graphs
Authors: Huilgol Medha Itagi , D'Souza Grace Divya , Cangul Ismail Naci
Published: April 2024

Background:

The degree sequence of a graph is the list of its vertex degrees arranged in usually increasing order. Many properties of the graphs realized from a degree sequence can be deduced by means of a recently introduced graph invariant called omega invariant.

Methods:

We used the definitions of the considered graph products together with the list of degree sequences of these graph products for some well-know graph classes. Naturally, the vertex degree and edge degree partitions are used. As the main theme of the paper is the omega invariant, we frequently used the definition and fundamental properties of this very new invariant for our calculations. Also, some algebraic properties of these products are deduced in line with some recent publications following the same fashion.

Results:

In this paper, we determine the degree sequences of strong and lexicographic products of two graphs and obtain the general form of the degree sequences of both products. We obtain a general formula for the omega invariant of strong and lexicographic products of two graphs. The algebraic structures of strong and lexicographic products are obtained. Moreover, we prove that strong and lexicographic products are not distributive over each other.

Conclusion:

We have obtained the general expression for degree sequences of two important products of graphs and a general expression for omega invariants of strong and lexicographic products. Furthermore, we have obtained algebraic structures of strong and lexicographic products in terms of their degree sequences. Also, it has been found that the disruptive property does not hold for strong and lexicographic products.
Intratumoral and Peritumoral Edema Radiomics Based on Fat-Suppressed T2-
Weighted Imaging for Preoperative Prediction of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Sun Ruihong , Hu Yun , Wang Xuechun , Huang Zengfa , Yang Yang , Zhang Shutong , Shi Feng , Chen Lei , Liu Hongyuan , Wang Xiang
Published: April 2024

Aim::

Our aim was to explore the feasibility of using radiomics data derived from intratumoral and peritumoral edema on fat-suppressed T2-weighted
imaging (T2 FS) to distinguish triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) from non-triple-negative breast cancer (non-TNBC).

Methods::

This retrospective study enrolled 174 breast cancer patients. According to the MRI examination time, patients before 2021 were divided into
training (n = 119) or internal test (n = 30) cohorts at a ratio of 8:2. Patients from 2022 were included in the external test cohort (n = 25). Four
regions of interest for each lesion were defined: intratumoral regions, peritumoral edema regions, regions with a combination of intratumoral and
peritumoral edema, and regions with a combination of intratumoral and 5-mm peritumoral. Four radiomic signatures were built using the least
absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method after selecting features. Furthermore, a radio mic-radiological model was constructed
using a combination of intratumoral and peritumoral edema regions along with clinical-radiologic features. Area under the receiver operating
characteristic curve (AUC) calculations, decision curve analysis, and calibration curve analysis were performed to assess the performance of each
model.

Results::

The radiomic-radiological model showed the highest AUC values of 0.906 (0.788-1.000) and 82.5 (0.622-0.947) in both the internal and external
test sets, respectively. The radiology-radiomic model exhibited excellent predictive performance, as evidenced by the calibration curves and
decision curve analysis.

Conclusion::

The ensemble model based on T2 FS-based radiomic features of intratumoral and peritumoral edema, along with radiological factors, performed
better in distinguishing TNBC from non-TNBC than a single model. We explored the possibility of developing explainable models to support the
clinical decision-making process.
Improving COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in Saskatchewan, Canada: A Developmental Evaluation Approach
Authors: Yasinian Maryam , Carr Tracey , Vanstone Jason , Azizian Amir , Falastein Patrick , Groot Gary
Published: April 2024

Background

The Developmental Evaluation of a COVID-19 vaccination program was an early response to assess a complex emergent mass vaccination program to support learning and adaptation.

Objective

The primary objective of a multi-disciplinary team of researcher-evaluators was to facilitate organizational learning among key stakeholders to improve decision-making and increase vaccine uptake in Saskatchewan, Canada.

Methods

Aligned with the Developmental Evaluation approach, data collection was rooted in adjustment and flexibility to meet the evolving needs of the vaccination program. Data were primarily collected using meeting observations and program documentation. As the program progressed, the data collection was adjusted, and two surveys were conducted targeting COVID-19 vaccine recipients and vaccine immunizers. Data were analyzed iteratively in consultation with stakeholders.

Results

Nine feedback reports were generated over a nine-month evaluation period. Seven reports highlighted meeting observation results that revealed the program issues, probable causes, and implications. The evolving issues ranged from vaccine shortage, delay, and supply fluctuation to inter-organizational miscommunication and vaccine hesitancy. Two reports were produced from survey findings to delve into the persistent issue of vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusion

Effective solutions to complex issues of Saskatchewan’s COVID-19 mass immunization require a systems approach based on new ways of thinking and collective decision-making.
CHDmap: One Step Further Toward Integrating Medicine-Based Evidence Into Practice
Authors: Van den Eynde Jef
Published: April 2024

Evidence-based medicine, rooted in randomized controlled trials, offers treatment estimates for the average patient but struggles to guide individualized care. This challenge is amplified in complex conditions like congenital heart disease due to disease variability and limited trial applicability. To address this, medicine-based evidence was proposed to synthesize information for personalized care. A recent article introduced a patient similarity network, CHDmap, which represents a promising technical rendition of the medicine-based evidence concept. Leveraging comprehensive clinical and echocardiographic data, CHDmap creates an interactive patient map representing individuals with similar attributes. Using a k-nearest neighbor algorithm, CHDmap interactively identifies closely resembling patient groups based on specific characteristics. These approximate matches form the foundation for predictive analyses, including outcomes like hospital length of stay and complications. A key finding is the tool’s dual capacity: not only did it corroborate clinical intuition in many scenarios, but in specific instances, it prompted a reevaluation of cases, culminating in an enhancement of overall performance across various classification tasks. While an important first step, future versions of CHDmap may aim to expand mapping complexity, increase data granularity, consider long-term outcomes, allow for treatment comparisons, and implement artificial intelligence–driven weighting of various input variables. Successful implementation of CHDmap and similar tools will require training for practitioners, robust data infrastructure, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Patient similarity networks may become valuable in multidisciplinary discussions, complementing clinicians’ expertise. The symbiotic approach bridges evidence, experience, and real-life care, enabling iterative learning for future physicians.
A Multicomponent Intervention (POSSIBLE) to Improve Perceived Risk for HIV Among Black Sexual Minority Men: Feasibility and Preliminary Effectiveness Pilot Study
Authors: Dangerfield II Derek T , Anderson Janeane N , Wylie Charleen , Bluthenthal Ricky , Beyrer Chris , Farley Jason E
Published: April 2024

Background

Increased pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use is urgently needed to substantially decrease HIV incidence among Black sexual minority men. Low perceived risk for HIV (PRH) is a key unaddressed PrEP barrier for Black sexual minority men. Peers and smartphone apps are popular intervention tools to promote community health behaviors, but few studies have used these together in a multicomponent strategy. Therefore, we designed a multicomponent intervention called POSSIBLE that used an existing smartphone app called PrEPme (Emocha Mobile Health, Inc) and a peer change agent (PCA) to increase PRH as a gateway to PrEP.

Objective

This paper aims to describe the feasibility and preliminary impact of POSSIBLE on PRH and willingness to accept a PrEP referral among Black sexual minority men.

Methods

POSSIBLE was a theoretically guided, single-group, 2-session pilot study conducted among Black sexual minority men from Baltimore, Maryland between 2019 and 2021 (N=69). POSSIBLE integrated a PCA and the PrEPme app that allows users to self-monitor sexual risk behaviors and chat with the in-app community health worker to obtain PrEP service information. PRH was assessed using the 8-item PRH scale before and after baseline and follow-up study visits. At the end of each study visit, the PCA referred interested individuals to the community health worker to learn more about PrEP service options.

Results

The average age of participants was 32.5 (SD 8.1, range 19-62) years. In total, 55 (80%) participants were retained for follow-up at month 1. After baseline sessions, 29 (42%) participants were willing to be referred to PrEP services, 20 (69%) of those confirmed scheduled appointments with PrEP care teams. There were no statistically significant differences in PRH between baseline and follow-up visits (t122=–1.36; P=.17).

Conclusions

We observed no statistically significant improvement in PRH between baseline and month 1. However, given the high retention rate and acceptability, POSSIBLE may be feasible to implement. Future research should test a statistically powered peer-based approach on PrEP initiation among Black sexual minority men.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04533386; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04533386
Psychometric Properties of the Metacognitions About Online Gaming Scale in the Chinese Population and Its Relationship With Internet Gaming Disorder: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lin Shuhong , Chen Xinxin , Tan Linxiang , Liao Zhenjiang , Li Yifan , Tang Ying , Huang Qiuping , Shen Hongxian
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Metacognitions about online gaming have been shown to be correlated with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). Knowledge of metacognitions about online gaming can help to understand IGD. The Metacognitions about Online Gaming Scale (MOGS) is a reliable and valid tool to measure specific metacognitions about online gaming in both adults and adolescents, which is lacking in China.

OBJECTIVE

This study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the MOGS (C-MOGS) and its relationship with IGD in the Chinese population.

METHODS

A total of 772 Chinese individuals (age: mean 21.70, SD 8.81 years; age range: 13-57 years; 458/772, 59.3% male) completed a web-based questionnaire survey, including the C-MOGS and a battery of validated scales measuring IGD, gaming motives, depression, and anxiety.

RESULTS

Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the 3-factor structure was confirmed to have adequate model fit and internal consistency reliability (Cronbach α≥.799, Guttman split-half coefficients≥0.754). Concurrent validity of the C-MOGS was supported by its correlations with IGD (P<.001), gaming motives (P<.001), depression (P<.001), and anxiety (P<.001). Furthermore, the incremental validity analysis showed that the C-MOGS predicted 13% of the variance in IGD while controlling for gender, age, weekly gaming hours, gaming motives, depression, and anxiety.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides evidence that the psychometric properties of the C-MOGS are appropriate and emphasizes its positive association with IGD. The C-MOGS is a reliable and valid instrument for mental health workers to assess metacognitions about online gaming in the Chinese population.
Supportive Care Needs in Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean Americans With Metastatic Cancer: Mixed Methods Protocol for the DAWN Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Jacqueline H J , Kagawa Singer Marjorie , Bang Lisa , Ko Amy , Nguyen Becky , Chen Stokes Sandy , Lu Qian , Stanton Annette L
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Asian Americans with metastatic cancer are an understudied population. The Describing Asian American Well-Being and Needs in Cancer (DAWN) Study was designed to understand the supportive care needs of Chinese-, Vietnamese-, and Korean-descent (CVK) patients with metastatic cancer.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to present the DAWN Study protocol involving a primarily qualitative, convergent, mixed methods study from multiple perspectives (patients or survivors, caregivers, and health care professionals).

METHODS

CVK Americans diagnosed with solid-tumor metastatic cancer and their caregivers were recruited nationwide through various means (registries, community outreach newsletters, newspapers, radio advertisements, etc). Potentially eligible individuals were screened and consented on the web or through a phone interview. The study survey and interview for patients or survivors and caregivers were provided in English, traditional/simplified Chinese and Cantonese/Mandarin, Vietnamese, and Korean, and examined factors related to facing metastatic cancer, including quality of life, cultural values, coping, and cancer-related symptoms. Community-based organizations assisted in recruiting participants, developing and translating study materials, and connecting the team to individuals for conducting interviews in Asian languages. Health care professionals who have experience working with CVK patients or survivors with metastatic solid cancer were recruited through referrals from the DAWN Study community advisory board and were interviewed to understand unmet supportive care needs.

RESULTS

Recruitment began in November 2020; data collection was completed in October 2022. A total of 66 patients or survivors, 13 caregivers, and 15 health care professionals completed all portions of the study. We completed data management in December 2023 and will submit results for patients or survivors and caregivers to publication outlets in 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

Future findings related to this protocol will describe and understand the supportive care needs of CVK patients or survivors with metastatic cancer and will help develop culturally appropriate psychosocial interventions that target known predictors of unmet supportive care needs in Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean Americans with metastatic cancer.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/50032
A Survey of Demographics and Treatments in Melanoma Case Reports: Retrospective Bibliometric Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: O'Hagan Ross , Ngandjui Jessie , Ungar Benjamin , Ungar Jonathan , Gulati Nicholas
Published: April 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Melanoma case reports show variations in treatment by age and sex.
Association of Social Media Recruitment and Depression Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Candidates: A Prospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Francis Jackson Meade , Neti Sitapriya Subrahmanyam , Polavarapu Dhatri , Xie Luyu , Kapera Olivia , Mathew Matthew Sunil , Marroquin Elisa , McAdams Carrie , Schellinger Jeffrey , Ngenge Sophia , Kukreja Sachin , Schneider Benjamin E. , Almandoz Jaime P. , Messiah Sarah E.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

In today's connected world, marked by the widespread use of social media and the internet, obesity and depression rates are increasing concurrently on a global scale. This study investigated the complex dynamics involving social media recruitment for scientific research, race, ethnicity, and depression among metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) candidates.

OBJECTIVE

The research aimed to determine (1) the association between social media recruitment and depression among MBS candidates and (2) racial and ethnic differences in social media recruitment engagement.

METHODS

The analysis included data from 380 adult MBS candidates enrolled in a prospective cohort study from July 2019 to December 2022. Race/ethnicity, recruitment method (social media Y/N), and depression status were evaluated using chi-square tests and logistic regression models. Age, sex, and ethnicity were adjusted in multivariable logistic regression models.

RESULTS

Our sample mean (standard deviation) age was 47.35 (11.6) years old, with a range from 18 to 78 years old. Participants recruited through social media were more likely to report past or current episodes of depression (38.32% social media vs. 27.11% non-social media, P=0.032), with a 67% increased likelihood (OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.04–2.68, P=0.033) compared to non-social media recruits. Further analysis showed that participants with a history of depression who were below the mean sample age were 2.31 times more likely to be recruited via social media (aOR=2.31, 95% CI 1.10–4.84, P=0.027) compared to those aged above the sample mean. Hispanic and non-Hispanic White participants were significantly more likely to be recruited via social media than non-Hispanic Black participants (38.81% vs. 35.10% vs. 18.37%, respectively, P<0.001). After adjusting for age and sex, non-Hispanic Black participants were 57% less likely than non-Hispanic white participants to be recruited via social media (aOR=0.43, 95% CI 0.24–0.76, P=0.003).

CONCLUSIONS

We found that individuals recruited through social media channels were more likely to report past or current episodes of depression compared to those recruited through non-social media means, especially in younger participants. Results also showed that non-Hispanic blacks are less likely to engage in social media recruitment for scientific research versus other race/ethnic groups. Future mental health-related studies should consider strategies to mitigate potential biases introduced by recruitment methods, ensuring the validity and generalizability of research findings.
Twenty-Five Years of AI in Neurology: The Journey of Predictive Medicine and Biological Breakthroughs (Preprint)
Authors: Gutman Barak , Shmilovitch Amit-Haim , Aran Dvir , Shelly Shahar
Published: April 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Neurological disorders are the leading cause of physical and cognitive disability across the globe, currently affecting up to 15% of the world population, with the burden of chronic neurodegenerative diseases having doubled over the last 2 decades. Two decades ago, neurologists relying solely on clinical signs and basic imaging faced challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Today, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and bioinformatic methods is changing this landscape. This paper explores this transformative journey, emphasizing the critical role of AI in neurology, aiming to integrate a multitude of methods and thereby enhance the field of neurology. Over the past 25 years, integrating biomedical data science into medicine, particularly neurology, has fundamentally transformed how we understand, diagnose, and treat neurological diseases. Advances in genomics sequencing, the introduction of new imaging methods, the discovery of novel molecular biomarkers for nervous system function, a comprehensive understanding of immunology and neuroimmunology shaping disease subtypes, and the advent of advanced electrophysiological recording methods, alongside the digitalization of medical records and the rise of AI, all led to an unparalleled surge in data within neurology. In addition, telemedicine and web-based interactive health platforms, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, have become integral to neurology practice. The real-world impact of these advancements is evident, with AI-driven analysis of imaging and genetic data leading to earlier and more accurate diagnoses of conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer disease, and more. Neuroinformatics is the key component connecting all these advances. By harnessing the power of IT and computational methods to efficiently organize, analyze, and interpret vast datasets, we can extract meaningful insights from complex neurological data, contributing to a deeper understanding of the intricate workings of the brain. In this paper, we describe the large-scale datasets that have emerged in neurology over the last 25 years and showcase the major advancements made by integrating these datasets with advanced neuroinformatic approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. We further discuss challenges in integrating AI into neurology, including ethical considerations in data use, the need for further personalization of treatment, and embracing new emerging technologies like quantum computing. These developments are shaping a future where neurological care is more precise, accessible, and tailored to individual patient needs. We believe further advancements in AI will bridge traditional medical disciplines and cutting-edge technology, navigating the complexities of neurological data and steering medicine toward a future of more precise, accessible, and patient-centric health care.
Artificial Intelligence Applications for Chronic Condition Self-Management: A Narrative Review (Preprint)
Authors: Hwang Misun , Zheng Yaguang , Cho Youmin , Jiang Yun
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Artificial intelligence (AI) has significant potential in promoting and supporting self-management in patients with chronic conditions. However, there is a lack of understanding of how current AI technologies apply to address specific chronic condition self-management issues. Evidence is needed to guide the development and selection of appropriate AI solutions to support self-management in patients with chronic conditions.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to provide a narrative review of the literature on AI applications for chronic condition self-management, categorizing self-management components supported by AI technologies based on three essential self-management tasks: medical, behavioral, and emotional management, and identify the current developmental stages of AI applications for chronic condition self-management.

METHODS

A literature review was conducted for studies published in English between January 2011 and March 2023. Four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO, were searched using combined terms related to self-management and artificial intelligence. The inclusion criteria included studies focused on the adult population with any type of chronic conditions and AI technologies supporting self-management.

RESULTS

Of the 1288 articles retrieved from the search, 49 (3.8%) were eligible and included in this review. The most commonly studied chronic condition was diabetes (15/49, 30.6%). Regarding self-management tasks, the majority of studies aim to support medical (31/49, 63.3%) and/or behavioral self-management (20/49, 40.8%), but there is a lack of focus on emotional self-management (9/49, 18.4%). Conversational AI (13/49, 26.5%) and multiple machine learning algorithms (13/49, 26.5%) were frequently used types of AI technologies. Categorization of the technology development stage identified that most studies remain in the algorithm development or early feasibility testing stages.

CONCLUSIONS

The application of AI technologies in chronic condition management promises to empower patients to effectively perform self-management. AI technology has been widely applied in varied chronic condition self-management; however, most studies remain in the early stages. More studies are needed to generate evidence for integrating AI in self-management to obtain optimal outcomes.
Assessment of an educational support using “Flashcards” in teaching infectiology to medical residents : A prospective randomized and controled study (Preprint)
Authors: Lefevre Scelles Antoine , Compere Vincent , Chaumont Corentin , Clavier Thomas , Clavier Thomas
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Flashcards applications are getting more and more popular among medical students. They rely on principles that have been largely proven in different studies. However, there is very limited data on their benefits in real life conditions. While infectiology is a difficult topic for medical interns, the proper use of antibiotics represents a major public health issue.

OBJECTIVE

Assessing the benefits of Flashcards (FC) for learning infectiology.

METHODS

This was a prospective study conducted among residents from intensive care – anesthesiology and emergency specialties in the north-west quarter of France. All residents included received infectiology courses in the form of a slide show by email. They were then randomized in a 1:1 fashion into two groups. The first group received slide shows only. The second group was invited to join a FC application (Brainscape®). The progression of each group was measured through an online questionnaire at 3 and 6 months.

RESULTS

188 students were included in this study. A total of 95 students were included in the flashcard group, and 64 logged in to the application. There were 93 students in the control group. 50 Students participated in the three-month evaluation and 85 students in the 6-month evaluation. There was no significant difference between the two groups in questionnaire results at 6 months (14.50±4.18 / 28 [n=44] vs 13.05±5.12 / 28, [n=41]; p=0.19, in the FC and control groups respectively; IC95=[-3.46 ; 0.56]).

CONCLUSIONS

Flashcards are a powerful way of learning and can help doctors maintain and gain new knowledge. However, their benefits in practice still need to be proven.
Reversals and large-scale variations of the geomagnetic field: similarities and differences
Authors: Reshetnyak Maxim
Published: April 2024

It is shown that during reversals in geodynamo models the minimum amplitudes of the dipole, quadrupole and octupole coincide. Since the characteristic time of the reversal is close to the oscillations of the large-scale geomagnetic field, a similar analysis was carried out for the minima of the amplitude of the dipole magnetic field over the past 100 thousand years. It turned out that in this case such synchronization also occurs. It can be assumed that reversals and large scale variations of the geomagnetic field between the reversals have a lot in common. The wavelet analysis carried out indicates that the concept of the main geodynamo cycle is very arbitrary: the period of oscillation can vary from 8-10 thousand years to 20-30 thousand for a dipole. Analysis of the evolution of the Mauersberger spectrum allows us to conclude that magnetic field fluctuations observed at the Earth’s surface are associated with the transfer of the magnetic field to the surface of the liquid core and can hardly be described by functions periodic in time.