bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of hemin‐induced oxidative stress on erythropoietin production in HepG2 cells
Authors: Nishimura Kazuhiko , Tokida Masahiro , Katsuyama Hideaki , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Matsuo Saburo
Published: June 2014

Erythropoietin (EPO) and iron are both indispensable hematopoietic factors and are often studied in humans and rodents. Iron activates prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) and promotes the degradation of the α‐subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), which regulates EPO production. Iron also causes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress leads to alterations in the levels of multiple factors that regulate HIF and EPO production. It is thought that iron influences EPO production by altering two pathways, namely PHDs activity and oxidative stress. We studied the differential effect of varying concentrations of hemin, an iron‐containing porphyrin, on EPO production in HepG2 cells. Hemin at 100 µM reduced EPO mRNA expression. The hemin‐induced reduction of EPO mRNA levels was attenuated at concentrations greater than 200 µM and EPO production increased in the presence of 500 µM hemin. In comparison, protoporphyrin IX, iron‐free hemin did not influence EPO mRNA expression. Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly increased with 300 µM hemin. Importantly, the antioxidant tempol inhibited the hemin‐induced (500 µM) increase in EPO mRNA levels. In conclusion, these results suggest that restraint of EPO production by hemin was offset by the promotion of EPO production by hemin‐induced oxidative stress at hemin concentrations greater than 300 µM.
Construction of the Mid‐Level Management Position
Authors: Tyrell Steve
Published: June 2014

The role of the mid‐level manager as an organizer, communicator, and problem‐solver in student affairs has been examined within the literature, but current discussion generally excludes the perspective of managers at community colleges. This chapter focuses on the importance of managerial identity and roles, particularly as it is enacted within a community college context. A framework is proposed as a tool for understanding the characteristics of the described managerial selves and how they are perceived by themselves and others.
Catalytic Functionalization of Indoles by Copper‐Mediated Carbene Transfer
Authors: Delgado‐Rebollo Manuela , Prieto Auxiliadora , Pérez Pedro J.
Published: June 2014

The complex [TpBr3Cu(NCMe)] (TpBr3=hydrotris(3,4,5‐tribromo)pyrazolylborate) efficiently catalyzes the CH functionalization of indole derivatives at C3 by carbene transfer from different diazoesters in a high‐yield transformation involving low catalyst loadings and short reaction times. This system has shown that the previously proposed dichotomy of carbene addition (to the double bond) vs carbene insertion (to the CH bond) corresponds to two consecutive reaction steps: the cyclopropane intermediates, observed in the reaction mixtures, are the precursors of the final CH functionalization derivatives in a ring‐opening process involving acid catalysis. Those in situ generated cyclopropanes undergo nucleophilic ring opening with Me2CuLi to afford both C2 and C3 functionalized indoles.
Facile Synthesis of Porous PtM (M=Cu, Ni) Nanowires and Their Application as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Lai Jianping , Zhang Ling , Qi Wenjing , Zhao Jianming , Xu Min , Gao Wenyue , Xu Guobao
Published: June 2014

Porous Pt75Cu25 and Pt73Ni27 nanowires were successfully synthesized by a one‐step wet chemical solution method without the use of any template for the first time. The combination of porous and one‐dimensional features and the addition of a second cheap metal offer high catalyst utilization, excellent catalytic activity, and better durability for the methanol oxidation reaction. Porous Pt75Cu25 and Pt73Ni27 nanowires showed mass current densities of 390 (at 0.69) and 503 mA mg−1 (at 0.70 V), respectively. These mass current densities are much higher than that of Pt nanowires (356 mA mg−1 at 0.73 V) and commercial Pt black (195 mA mg−1 at 0.73 V). During the entire 2000 s current–time test, the porous Pt75Cu25 and Pt73Ni27 nanowires also exhibited higher stability for the methanol oxidation reaction than Pt nanowires and commercial Pt black.
Enhanced Lithium‐Storage Performance from Three‐Dimensional MoS2 Nanosheets/Carbon Nanotube Paper
Authors: Li Hongsen , Wang Xiaoyan , Ding Bing , Pang Gang , Nie Ping , Shen Laifa , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: June 2014

Promising energy‐storage behavior from molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) in the charging and discharging process is attributed to its layered, two‐dimensional structure, which enables convenient electrochemical reactions, but its performance is currently limited by inherent poor electrical conductivity. Herein, we report a facile and efficient method to fabricate a flexible, three‐dimensional, binder‐free electrode architecture consisting of highly conductive carbon nanotube paper conformally covered by MoS2 nanosheets. Its distinct advantages include abundant porous structure, highly conductive pathway for electrons, and fast transport channels for lithium ions. Electrochemical studies confirm that the MoS2 nanosheets/carbon nanotube paper electrode exhibits outstanding performance in terms of specific capacitance, rate capability, and cycling stability.
Molecular Origin of the Hydrolytic Activity and Fixed Regioselectivity of a ZrIV‐Substituted Polyoxotungstate as Artificial Protease
Authors: Stroobants Karen , Goovaerts Vincent , Absillis Gregory , Bruylants Gilles , Moelants Eva , Proost Paul , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: June 2014

A multitechnique approach has been applied in order to identify the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters related to the regioselective hydrolysis of human serum albumin (HSA) promoted by the Wells–Dawson polyoxometalate (POM), K15H[Zr(α2‐P2W17O61)2]. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies indicate that up to four POM molecules interact with HSA. While the first interaction site is characterized by a 1:1 binding and an affinity constant of 2×108 M−1, the three remaining sites are characterized by a lower global affinity constant of 7×105 M−1. The higher affinity constant at the first site is in accordance with a high quenching constant of 2.2×108 M−1 obtained for fluorescence quenching of the Trp214 residue located in the only positively charged cleft of HSA, in the presence of K15H[Zr(α2‐P2W17O61)2]. In addition, EuIII luminescence experiments with an EuIII‐substituted POM analogue have shown the replacement of water molecules in the first coordination sphere of EuIII due to binding of the metal ion to amino acid side chain residues of HSA. All three interaction studies are in accordance with a stronger POM dominated binding at the positive cleft on the one hand, and interaction mainly governed by metal anchoring at the three remaining positions, on the other hand. Hydrolysis experiments in the presence of K15H[Zr(α2‐P2W17O61)2] have demonstrated regioselective cleavage of HSA at the Arg114Leu115, Ala257Asp258, Lys313Asp314 or Cys392Glu393 peptide bonds. This is in agreement with the interaction studies as the Arg114Leu115 peptide bond is located in the positive cleft of HSA and the three remaining peptide bonds are each located near an upstream acidic residue, which can be expected to coordinate to the metal ion. A detailed kinetic study has evidenced the formation of additional fragments upon prolonged reaction times. Edman degradation of the additional reaction products has shown that these fragments result from further hydrolysis at the initially observed cleavage positions, indicating a fixed selectivity for K15H[Zr(α2‐P2W17O61)2].
Homogeneous Pd‐Catalyzed Transformation of Terminal Alkenes into Primary Allylic Alcohols and Derivatives
Authors: Tomita Ren , Mantani Kohei , Hamasaki Akiyuki , Ishida Tamao , Tokunaga Makoto
Published: June 2014

Synthesis of primary alcohols from terminal alkenes is an important process in both bulk and fine chemical syntheses. Herein, a homogeneous Pd‐complex‐catalyzed transformation of terminal alkenes into primary allylic alcohols, by using 5 mol % [Pd(PPh3)4] as a catalyst, and H2O, CO2, and quinone derivatives as reagents, is reported. When alcohols were used instead of H2O, allylic ethers were obtained. A proposed mechanism includes the addition of oxygen nucleophiles at the less‐hindered terminal position of π–allyl Pd intermediates.
Calculation of Powder Particle Adhesion on Structured Surfaces
Authors: Hartmüller Jürgen , Ripperger Siegfried
Published: June 2014

Die Haftung von Partikeln an Feststoffoberflächen ist von vielen Einflussfaktoren abhängig. Unter diesen sind die van‐der‐Waals‐Kräfte und die Kräfte aufgrund von Flüssigkeitsbrücken infolge der relativen Luftfeuchte von besonderer Bedeutung. Da viele herkömmliche Haftkraftmodelle maßgebliche Parameter vernachlässigen, werden in diesem Beitrag verschiedene Möglichkeiten vorgestellt, die wirkenden Haftkräfte einer Berechnung zugänglich zu machen. Die berechneten Werte erlauben eine Interpretation von Haftkraftverteilungen und die Zuordnung von Haftkräften zu Haftkraftmechanismen.
Children of cancer patients: Prevalence and predictors of emotional and behavioral problems
Authors: Möller Birgit , Barkmann Claus , Krattenmacher Thomas , Kühne Franziska , Bergelt Corinna , Beierlein Volker , Ernst Johanna , Brähler Elmar , Flechtner Hans‐Henning , Herzog Wolfgang , von Klitzing Kai , Führer Daniel , Resch Franz , Romer Georg
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND

Children of patients with cancer are at increased risk for developing emotional and behavioral problems. This study explored the prevalence and predictors of emotional and behavioral problems in Children of cancer patients in a multisite research project.

METHODS

A cross‐sectional sample of N = 235 families was recruited simultaneously in 5 university medical centers. The participants, including parents (N = 402) and children (N = 324; ages 11‐21 years) completed standardized questionnaires. Emotional and behavioral problems in children were measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). On the basis of previous research and using a mixed‐model approach, child‐, parent‐, family‐ and cancer‐related variables were examined in addition to socioeconomic status as potential predictors. Descriptive statistics and a multiple random coefficient model were used in the analyses.

RESULTS

Compared to norms, Children of cancer patients show increased mean levels of emotional and behavioral symptoms. The best predictor of emotional and behavioral problems from the perspectives of the child, the healthy parent, and the ill parent was general family dysfunction. Although family dysfunction was identified as the main predictor, the analysis revealed that the main part of variance was related to the individual child's level.

CONCLUSIONS

The results indicate that screening for child mental health problems and family dysfunction in oncological and psychosocial treatment units can identify the families most in need of psychosocial support. Psychological services need to be both family‐oriented and child‐centered and focus on family dysfunction to prevent mental health problems in children. Cancer 2014;120:2361–2370. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Genomic testing in cancer: Patient knowledge, attitudes, and expectations
Authors: Blanchette Phillip S. , Spreafico Anna , Miller Fiona A. , Chan Kelvin , Bytautas Jessica , Kang Steve , Bedard Philippe L. , Eisen Andrea , Potanina Larissa , Holland Jack , Kamel‐Reid Suzanne , McPherson John D. , Razak Albiruni R. , Siu Lillian L.
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND

Genomic testing in cancer (GTC) characterizes genes that play an important role in the development and growth of a patient's cancer. This form of DNA testing is currently being studied for its ability to guide cancer therapy. The objective of the current study was to describe patients' knowledge, attitudes, and expectations toward GTC.

METHODS

A 42‐item self‐administered GTC questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary group and patient pretesting. The questionnaire was distributed to patients with advanced cancer who were referred to the Princess Margaret Cancer Center for a phase 1 clinical trial or GTC testing.

RESULTS

Results were reported from 98 patients with advanced cancer, representing 66% of the patients surveyed. Seventy‐six percent of patients were interested in learning more about GTC, and 64% reported that GTC would significantly improve their cancer care. The median score on a 12‐item questionnaire to assess knowledge of cancer genomics was 8 of 12 items correct (67%; interquartile range, 7‐9 of 12 items correct [58%‐75%]). Scores were associated significantly with patients' education level (P < .0001). Sixty‐six percent of patients would consent to a needle biopsy, and 39% would consent to an invasive surgical biopsy if required for GTC. Only 48% of patients reported having sufficient knowledge to make an informed decision to pursue GTC whereas 34% of patients indicated a need for formal genetic counseling.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with advanced cancer are motivated to participate in GTC. Patients require further education to understand the difference between somatic and germline mutations in the context of GTC. Educational programs are needed to support patients interested in pursuing GTC. Cancer 2014;120:3066–3073. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Racial disparities in urologist visits among elderly men with prostate cancer: A cohort analysis of patient‐related and county of residence‐related factors
Authors: Onukwugha Eberechukwu , Osteen Phillip , Jayasekera Jinani , Mullins C. Daniel , Mair Christine A. , Hussain Arif
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND

Factors contributing to the lower likelihood of urologist follow‐up among African American (AA) men diagnosed with prostate cancer may not be strictly related to patient factors. The authors investigated the relationship between crime, poverty, and poor housing, among others, and postdiagnosis urologist visits among AA and white men.

METHODS

The authors used linked cancer registry and Medicare claims data from 1999 through 2007 for men diagnosed with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I to III prostate cancer. The USA Counties and County Business Patterns data sets provided county‐level data. Variance components models reported the percentage of variation attributed to county of residence. Postdiagnosis urologist visits for AA and white men were investigated using logistic and modified Poisson regression models.

RESULTS

A total of 65,635 patients were identified; 87% of whom were non‐Hispanic white and 9.3% of whom were non‐Hispanic AA. Approximately 16% of men diagnosed with stage I to III prostate cancer did not visit a urologist within 1 year after diagnosis (22% of AA men and 15% of white men). County of residence accounted for 10% of the variation in the visit outcome (13% for AA men and 10% for white men). AA men were more likely to live in counties ranked highest in terms of poverty, occupied housing units with no telephone, and crime. AA men were less likely to see a urologist (odds ratio, 0.65 [95% confidence interval, 0.6‐0.71]; rate ratio, 0.94 [95% confidence interval, 0.92‐0.95]). The sign and magnitude of the coefficients for the county‐level measures differed across race‐specific regression models of urologist visits.

CONCLUSIONS

Among older men diagnosed with stage I to III prostate cancer, the social environment appears to contribute to some of the disparities in postdiagnosis urologist visits between AA and white men. Cancer 2014;120:3385–3392. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Synthesis of Au‐BiVO4 Nanocomposite through Anodic Electrodeposition Followed by Galvanic Replacement and Its Application to the Photocatalytic Decomposition of Methyl Orange
Authors: Myung Noseung , Lee Wooju , Lee Changhyun , Jeong Seonghan , Rajeshwar Krishnan
Published: June 2014

A Au‐BiVO4 nanocomposite is synthesized by a two‐step strategy involving anodic electrodeposition combined with in situ galvanic replacement. First, a BiVO4 layer is prepared by the anodic oxidation of pre‐electrodeposited Bi film in a VO43− containing electrolyte. Thus‐prepared BiVO4 film contains excess metallic Bi, which is then galvanically replaced with Au from an aqueous HAuCl4 solution, resulting in the Au‐BiVO4 composite in the second step. Optical, photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties are investigated by using X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, diffuse reflectance spectrometry, and photoelectrochemical analyses. The visible‐light photocatalytic activity of the Au‐BiVO4 composite is evaluated using the decomposition of methyl orange dye and is superior to the bare BiVO4 film counterpart.
Environmental‐Confinement‐Induced Stability Enhancement of Chiral Molecules
Authors: Meng Yan , Dai Xing , Xin Minsi , Tian Chuanjin , Liu Hang , Jin Mingxing , Wang Zhigang , Zhang Rui‐Qin
Published: June 2014

We computationally study the transition process of a chiral difluorobenzo[c]phenanthrene (DFBcPh) molecule within non‐polar fullerene C260 to explore the confinement effect. We find blue‐shifts in the infrared and Raman spectra of the molecule inside the fullerene relative to those of isolated systems. Six types of spectrum features of the molecule appear in the 0–60 cm−1 band. Interestingly, the energy barrier of the chiral transformation of the molecule is elevated by 15.88 kcal mol−1 upon the confinement by the fullerene, indicating improvement in the stability of the enantiomers. The protection by C260 lowers the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level and lifts the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the chiral molecule such that the chiral molecule is further chemically stabilized. We concluded that the confinement environment has an impact at the nanoscale on the enantiomer transformation process of the chiral molecule.
Photocatalytic Application of 4f–5f Inorganic–Organic Frameworks: Influence of Lanthanide Contraction on the Structure and Functional Properties of a Series of Uranyl–Lanthanide Complexes
Authors: Hou Ya‐Nan , Xu Xue‐Ting , Xing Na , Bai Feng‐Ying , Duan Shi‐Bo , Sun Qiao , Wei Si‐Yue , Shi Zhan , Zhang Huan‐Zhi , Xing Yong‐Heng
Published: June 2014

A series of 4f–5f heteronuclear metallic complexes were synthesized by a hydrothermal route from mixtures of uranyl acetate, lanthanide nitrate, and 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid (H4BTA) in an aqueous system. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed that the thirteen UO2‐Ln‐BTA complexes ([(UO2)1.5Ln(C10O8H2)1.5(H2O)x]⋅y H2O; Ln=La (1), Ce (2), Pr (3), Nd (4), Sm (5), Eu (6), Gd (7), Tb (8), Dy (9), Ho (10), Er (11), Tm (12), Yb (13); x=6 for 1–4, x=5 for 5–13; y=0 for 4, y=1 for 3, y=2 for 2, y=3 for 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, y=4 for 1, 6, 7, 8, 11) are isomorphous with three‐dimensional structures. For the purpose of developing potential applications of the UO2‐Ln‐BTA complexes, we investigated their surface photovoltage and photocatalytic properties. In addition, the thermogravimetric analysis and photoluminescent properties of these complexes were also studied in detail.
Structure in the Edge Plasma Profiles in Tokamaks
Authors: Stacey W. M.
Published: June 2014

It is argued that the structure observed in radial profiles in the tokamak edge plasma is determined by the requirements of ion particle, momentum and energy conservation and the underlying transport mechanisms in the presence of sources and losses of particles, energy and momentum. The intent of this paper is to define a systematic formalism that can be employed for evaluating these transport coefficients from experimental inference and comparison with theory. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Long‐Term Hydrogen Outgassing from Plasma Facing Components
Authors: Guterl J. , Smirnov R. D. , Krasheninnikov S. I.
Published: June 2014

The time evolution of hydrogen outgassing fluxes from plasma facing components (PFCs) in tokamaks at room temperature is investigated using a diffusion‐reaction model with a single trap in the bulk of PFCs material. The release of hydrogen is surface‐limited or diffusion‐limited depending on properties of material and surface processes. In both surface and diffusion‐limited regimes, the long‐term decrease of the hydrogen outgassing flux follows a time power‐law ∼t–κ, for which κ depends on the concentration of hydrogen in the material and on surface desorption processes. In surface‐limited regime, reaction‐diffusion models of hydrogen outgassing from wall material(with hydrogen diffusion in the material bulk) are shown to be equivalent to models of outgassing from wall surfaces. Experimental results showing power‐law decays of hydrogen outgassing fluxes from PFCs during long off‐plasma events (κ = 0.7 for graphite and κ = 0.8 for ITER‐like JET configuration) can be then reproduced using a diffusion‐reaction model in surface‐limited regime. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of Stark‐Broadened Lines in a Fluctuating Edge Plasma
Authors: Rosato J. , Marandet Y. , Peiffer A. , Capes H. , Godbert‐Mouret L. , Koubiti M. , Stamm R.
Published: June 2014

A line shape model that accounts for low‐frequency fluctuations is applied to the Balmer series of the hydrogen isotopes (atomic transitions n → 2). The plasma fluid parameters (density, temperature, etc.) are described as random variables characterized by a prescribed joint probability density function. A special emphasis is devoted to Stark broadened lines, which are sensitive to the plasma density. It is shown that fluctuations can lead to a significant increase of the line width if the fluctuation level ΔNe/〈Ne〉 (with 〈Ne〉 and ΔNe being respectively the density averaged along the line‐of‐sight and its RMS value) is large. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integrated Core‐SOL Simulations of ITER H‐Mode Scenarios with Different Pedestal Density
Authors: Ivanova‐Stanik I. , Koechl F. , Voitsekhovitch I. , Telesca G. , Zagörski R. , EU‐ITM ITER Scenario Modelling group
Published: June 2014

Fusion performance of ITER H‐mode plasmas in presence of intrinsic (He, Be and W) and seeded (Ne) im purities is investigated in self‐consistent core‐pedestal‐SOL simulations for two values of pedestal density npede = 6.12 × 1019m–3 (reference case) and 9 × 1019m–3 using the JETTO and COREDIV codes iteratively. The theory‐based GLF23 transport model which predicts a relatively high density peaking (ne0/〈ne〉 = 1.37 ÷ 1.39) has been used for this study. For medium density case the H‐mode operation with a power across the separatrix well above the L‐H power threshold has been obtained, but the divertor heat loads exceed 10 MW/m2. Neon gas puff strongly reduces the power to divertor plate in this scenario, increasing at the same time the tungsten sputtering by Ne that leads to even larger core radiation and dilution, than in the case without Ne. As a result, the medium density H‐mode operation with Ne seeding and low divertor heat loads is barely above the L‐H power threshold. This operational point is weakly sensitive to tungsten inward pinch due to a strong coupling between W transport, radiation and sputtering. At high density with much larger core radiation (90 MW), the possibility of H‐mode operation strongly depends on the choice transport model, with the power through the separatrix well below (above) the L‐H power threshold in simulations with the GLF23 (H98y scaling‐based) transport model. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Performance modeling of FEC‐based unequal error protection for H.264/AVC video streaming over burst‐loss channels
Authors: Kuo Chun‐I , Shieh Ce‐Kuen , Hwang Wen‐Shyang , Ke Chih‐Heng
Published: June 2014

Unequal error protection systems are a popular technique for video streaming. Forward error correction (FEC) is one of error control techniques to improve the quality of video streaming over lossy channels. Moreover, frame‐level FEC techniques have been proposed for video streaming because of different priority video frames within the transmission rate constraint on a Bernoulli channel. However, various communication and storage systems are likely corrupted by bursts of noise in the current wireless behavior. If the burst losses go beyond the protection capacity of FEC, the efficacy of FEC can be degraded. Therefore, our proposed model allows an assessment of the perceived quality of H.264/AVC video streaming over bursty channels, and is validated by simulation experiments on the NS‐2 network simulator at a given estimate of the packet loss ratio and average burst length. The results suggest a useful reference in designing the FEC scheme for video applications, and as the video coding and channel parameters are given, the proposed model can provide a more accurate evaluation tool for video streaming over bursty channels and help to evaluate the impact of FEC performance on different burst‐loss parameters. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EBUS‐FNA of a station seven lymph node: An unusual presentation of a young nonsmoker male with hemoptysis and subcarinal lymphadenopathy
Authors: Lowenthal Brett Matthew , Mahooti Sepi
Published: June 2014

Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EBUS‐FNA) is a safe and minimally invasive bronchoscopic technique that allows both visualization and cytologic sampling with a high diagnostic yield in a patient with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Besides the most common indication of staging for a patient with a primary lung carcinoma, EBUS‐FNA can be used to identify benign infectious and noninfectious processes as well as lymphoma and malignancy of unknown primary. Triaging of procured specimen for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic ancillary studies requires appropriate clinical information at the time of rapid on site evaluation (ROSE) of smears. This case report demonstrates a young, previously healthy nonsmoker presenting clinically with cough, hemoptysis, and a 1.7 cm enlarged subcarinal lymph node by imaging. EBUS‐FNA obtained smears from the lymph node revealed a pleomorphic population of smaller cells with a low nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and prominent nucleoli, and larger cells had nuclei with bizarre shapes, mitoses, multinucleation, enlarged nucleoli, and pigmentation in a background of lymphocytes. The cytomorphologic and immunohistochemical workup of this case confirmed the unexpected diagnosis of metastatic melanoma. This result was a complete surprise to the clinical team managing the patient and prompted a thorough clinical workup. Subcarinal lymphadenopathy with metastatic malignant melanoma as the cause is rare. This case report highlights how ROSE and appropriate triaging of specimen were crucial in appropriately working up this case. We also survey the literature to review the reported unusual presentations of metastatic melanoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:238–242. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The gene expression database for mouse development (GXD): Putting developmental expression information at your fingertips
Authors: Smith Constance M. , Finger Jacqueline H. , Kadin James A. , Richardson Joel E. , Ringwald Martin
Published: June 2014

Because molecular mechanisms of development are extraordinarily complex, the understanding of these processes requires the integration of pertinent research data. Using the Gene Expression Database for Mouse Development (GXD) as an example, we illustrate the progress made toward this goal, and discuss relevant issues that apply to developmental databases and developmental research in general. Since its first release in 1998, GXD has served the scientific community by integrating multiple types of expression data from publications and electronic submissions and by making these data freely and widely available. Focusing on endogenous gene expression in wild‐type and mutant mice and covering data from RNA in situ hybridization, in situ reporter (knock‐in), immunohistochemistry, reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, Northern blot, and Western blot experiments, the database has grown tremendously over the years in terms of data content and search utilities. Currently, GXD includes over 1.4 million annotated expression results and over 260,000 images. All these data and images are readily accessible to many types of database searches. Here we describe the data and search tools of GXD; explain how to use the database most effectively; discuss how we acquire, curate, and integrate developmental expression information; and describe how the research community can help in this process. Developmental Dynamics 243:1176–1186, 2014. © 2014 The Authors Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Spinal cord stimulation is safe and feasible in patients with advanced heart failure: early clinical experience
Authors: Torre‐Amione Guillermo , Alo Kenneth , Estep Jerry D. , Valderrabano Miguel , Khalil Nashwa , Farazi Taraneh G. , Rosenberg Stuart P. , Ness Lanitia , Gill John
Published: June 2014

Aims

Pre‐clinical work suggests that upper thoracic spinal cord stimulation (SCS) may have therapeutic effects in the treatment of heart failure (HF). We therefore aim to assess the safety and feasibility of SCS in HF patients.

Methods and results

A prospective, randomized, double‐blind, crossover pilot study was conducted in symptomatic HF patients receiving optimal medical therapy. Patients were implanted with an SCS system and randomized to an SCS‐ACTIVE, delivered at 90% paraesthesia threshold, or an SCS‐INACTIVE phase for 3 months, followed by a 1‐month washout period and crossover to the alternative phase. The safety of SCS therapy was assessed by death and cardiac events. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) function in the presence of SCS was tested by defibrillation testing during SCS system implant and review of real‐time and stored electrograms during follow‐up. The efficacy of SCS therapy was assessed by changes in patient symptoms, LV function, and BNP level. Nine patients were investigated. In all cases, ICD sensing, detection, and therapy delivery were unaffected by SCS. During follow‐up, one patient died and one was hospitalized for HF while in the SCS‐INACTIVE phase, and two patients had HF hospitalizations during the SCS‐ACTIVE phase. Symptoms were improved in the majority of patients with SCS, while markers of cardiac structure and function were, in aggregate, unchanged.

Conclusion

This study shows that an SCS system can be safely implanted in patients with advanced HF and that the SCS system does not interfere with ICD function.
Aqueous Crystallization Strategy for Metastable h‐MoO3 Crystals with Polyvinylpyrrolidone Induction
Authors: Guo Jingnan , Zhao Yan , Zhao Jingzhe , Wu Jiajing , Song Yuehong , Tan Yixin , Wang Fangping , Hao Xinli , Lu Yan , Bao Fengxia
Published: June 2014

Micro‐sized hexagonal‐phase MoO3 (h‐MoO3) crystals were successfully prepared by a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) induced aqueous route with (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O and HCl as raw materials. The linear structure of the PVP molecules matches the tunnel structure of the metastable h‐MoO3 crystals and, thus, enables the induced crystallization in an aqueous solution even at near‐ambient temperatures (40–50 °C). The achieved h‐MoO3 crystals have good monodispersity with a one‐dimensional (1D) outline and hexagonal cross‐section. The H+/Mo ratio is another key factor for the synthesis of h‐MoO3 crystals. The photochromic properties of PVP‐dependent samples of h‐MoO3 crystals were studied under natural sunlight irradiation.
Vanadium Sandwich Complexes with Boroxine and Boronyl Boroxine Ligands
Authors: Li Da‐Zhi , Zhang Shi‐Guo , Liu Jun‐jie , Tang Cui
Published: June 2014

A DFT investigation on half‐sandwich‐type C3v B3O3X3V, full‐sandwich‐type D3d [B3O3X3]2V, and triple‐decker complexes [B3O3X3]3V2 (X = H, BO) containing B3O3H3 or B3O3(BO)3 ligands were performed. Both B3O3H3 and B3O3(BO)3 units serve as robust inorganic ligands in B3O3X3V, [B3O3X3]2V, and [B3O3X3]3V2 complex series. Effective d–π coordination interactions between the partially filled 3d orbitals of the transition‐metal center and the delocalized π orbitals of the B3O3X3 ligands maintain the stabilities of the complexes. The largest contributions to the orbital interactions in the B3O3X3V, [B3O3X3]2V, and [B3O3X3]3V2 complexes come from the V → B3O3X3 δ back donation. The thermodynamic stabilities and magnetic properties of these complexes were also investigated. These magnetic complexes were found to be particularly stable with respect to their reaction energy. The sandwich structural pattern developed in this work expands the structural domain of transition‐metal complexes by introducing inorganic B3O3H3 and B3O3(BO)3 into traditional sandwich‐type structures, and this pattern may be extended to [B3O3X3]nVn–1 sandwiches (n ≥ 4), which could act as linear magnetic wires.
CaMg2P6O3N10 – A Quinary Oxonitridophosphate with an Unprecedented Tetrahedra Network Structure Type
Authors: Marchuk Alexey , Neudert Lukas , Oeckler Oliver , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: June 2014

CaMg2P6O3N10 has been synthesized starting from stoichiometric amounts of Ca(N3)2, Mg3N2, P3N5, and PON in a high‐pressure/high‐temperature reaction at 8 GPa and 1100 °C. Adding small amounts of NH4Cl to the starting mixture afforded single crystals of CaMg2P6O3N10, which form transparent, colorless truncated octahedra. The crystal structure [space group I41/acd (no. 142), a = 12.494(1), c = 23.797(2) Å, Z = 16] was solved and refined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and confirmed by electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, including HRTEM image simulations. Rietveld refinement proved the phase purity of the product. FTIR analysis confirmed the absence N–H groups in the structure. Bond valence and lattice energy calculations (MAPLE) of the title compound are discussed. The crystal structure consists of polyhedral building units constructed from vertex‐sharing P(O,N)4 tetrahedra with condensed dreier and sechser rings.
A Decade of Dinuclear Technetium Complexes with Multiple Metal–Metal Bonds
Authors: Poineau Frederic , Forster Paul M. , Todorova Tanya K. , Johnstone Erik V. , Kerlin William M. , Gagliardi Laura , Czerwinski Kenneth R. , Sattelberger Alfred P.
Published: June 2014

Transition metal complexes with multiple metal–metal bonds exhibit interesting catalytic and biological properties. One element whose metal–metal bond chemistry has been poorly studied is technetium. Currently, only 25 technetium complexes with multiple metal–metal bonds have been structurally characterized. The nature of metal–metal interactions in these complexes, as well as the influence of ligands on the bonding in the Tc2n+ unit (n = 6, 5, 4) are not well understood. In order to better understand the influence of ligands on the Tc–Tc bonding, a study of the solid‐state and electronic structure of dinuclear complexes with the Tc2n+ unit (n = 6, 5, 4) has been performed. Dinuclear technetium complexes (nBu4N)2Tc2X8, Tc2(O2CCH3)4X2, Tc2(O2CCH3)2Cl4, cesium salts of Tc2X83–, and Tc2X4(PMe3)4 (X = Cl, Br) were synthesized; their molecular and electronic structures, as well as their electronic absorption spectra, were studied by a number of physical and computational techniques. The structure and bonding in these systems have been investigated by using multiconfigurational quantum calculations. For all these complexes, the calculated geometries are in very good agreement with those determined experimentally. Bond order analysis demonstrates that all these complexes exhibit a total bond order of approximately 3. Analysis of individual effective bond order (EBO) components shows that these complexes have similar σ components, while the strength of their π components follows the order Tc2X4(PMe3)4 > Tc2X83– > Tc2(O2CCH3)2Cl4 > Tc2X82–. Calculations indicate that the δ components are the weakest bond in Tc2X8n– (n = 2, 3) and Tc2(O2CCH3)2Cl4. Further analysis of Tc2X83– and Tc2X4(PMe3)4 (X = Cl, Br) indicates that the electronic structure of the Tc25+ and Tc24+ units is insensitive to the nature of the coordinating ligands. The electronic absorption spectra of Tc2X8n– (n = 2, 3), Tc2(O2CCH3)2Cl4, and Tc2X4(PMe3)4 (X = Cl, Br) were studied in solution, and assignment of the transitions was performed by multiconfigurational quantum chemical calculations. For the Tc2X8n– (n = 2, 3; X = Cl, Br) anions and Tc2(O2CCH3)2Cl4, the lowest‐energy band is attributed to the δ→δ* transition. For Tc2X4(PMe3)4, the assignment of the transitions follow the following order in energy: δ*→σ* < δ*→π* < δ→σ* < δ→π*.
Structure Determination of Pentacyclic Pyridoacridine Alkaloids from the Australian Marine Organisms Ancorina geodides and Cnemidocarpa stolonifera
Authors: Tran Trong D. , Pham Ngoc B. , Quinn Ronald J.
Published: June 2014

Chemical investigation of two marine samples A. geodides and C. stolonifera led to the isolation of six pentacyclic pyridoacridine alkaloids, in which two compounds, ancorine A and cnemidine A, are new pyridoacridines. Their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopic analysis supported by quantum mechanical calculations of 13C NMR chemical shifts. This is the first study demonstrating that the pyridoacridine structure class can be assigned on the basis of quantum mechanical calculations. The isolated pyridoacridine alkaloids showed selective cytotoxicity against human prostate cancer cells (PC3) compared with human neonatal foreskin fibroblast noncancer cells (NFF).
A General Approach to N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes with a Fused Tetracyclic Core: Ligands for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Sutar Revannath L. , Kumar Vinod , Shingare Rahul D. , Thorat Shridhar , Gonnade Rajesh , Reddy D. Srinivasa
Published: June 2014

The synthesis of an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) based on a tetracyclic scaffold by using simple, general, and scalable chemistry is disclosed. The developed route is suitable for introducing multiple substitutions on the tetracyclic scaffold. The utility of the present NHC as a ligand in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction is demonstrated with a low catalyst loading.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Functionalized γ‐Resorcylates from Dioxinone Derivatives
Authors: Blencowe Peter S. , Barrett Anthony G. M.
Published: June 2014

Biomimetic syntheses of functionalized γ‐resorcylates from 2,2,6‐trimethyl‐4H‐1,3‐dioxin‐4‐one derivatives are reported. Cross metathesis of 2,2‐dimethyl‐6‐vinyl‐4H‐1,3‐dioxin‐4‐one with homoallylic esters or aldol reactions of tert‐butyl or benzyl esters with 1‐(2,2‐dimethyl‐4‐oxo‐4H‐1,3‐dioxin‐6‐yl)‐acetone and related ketones followed by aromatization under mild Appel‐type reaction conditions gave a range of γ‐resorcylates.
A Multiple Evaluation Approach of Commercially Available Screen‐Printed Nanostructured Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Grimaldi Aldana , Heijo Gonzalo , Méndez Eduardo
Published: June 2014

Commercially available carbon‐based screen‐printed electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in their behavior towards electron transfer to the soluble fast redox probes hexacyanoferrate(III), hexaammineruthenium(III) and methyl‐viologen. Semi‐infinite linear diffusion was observed for hexacyanoferrate(III) probe, with heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants significantly favored on nanotubes‐modified surfaces. Finite diffusion was observed for methyl‐viologen on graphene electrodes, which was reflected in the enhancement of the faradic currents by 4‐folds. Hexaammineruthenium(III) showed mixed diffusion behavior. These characteristics are reflected in the voltammetric behavior of lead(II) and cadmium(II) stripping from in‐situ deposited bismuth layer.
Pyrosequencing: applicability for studying DNA damage‐induced mutagenesis
Authors: Minko Irina G. , Earley Lauriel F. , Larlee Kimberly E. , Lin Ying‐Chih , Lloyd R. Stephen
Published: June 2014

Site‐specifically modified DNAs are routinely used in the study of DNA damage‐induced mutagenesis. These analyses involve the creation of DNA vectors containing a lesion at a pre‐determined position, DNA replication, and detection of mutations at the target site. The final step has previously required the isolation of individual DNA clones, hybridization with radioactively labeled probes, and verification of mutations by Sanger sequencing. In the search for an alternative procedure that would allow direct quantification of sequence variants in a mixed population of DNA molecules, we evaluated the applicability of pyrosequencing to site‐specific mutagenesis assays. The progeny DNAs were analyzed that originated from replication of N6‐(deoxy‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranosyl)‐2,6‐diamino‐3,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐5‐N‐methylformamidopyrimidine (MeFapy‐dG)‐containing vectors in primate cells, with the lesion being positioned in the 5′‐GCNGG‐3′ sequence context. Pyrosequencing detected ∼8% G to T transversions and ∼3.5% G to A transitions, a result that was in excellent agreement with frequencies previously measured by the standard procedure (Earley LF et al. [2013]: Chem Res Toxicol 26:1108–1114). However, ∼3.5% G to C transversions and ∼2.0% deletions could not be detected by pyrosequencing. Consistent with these observations, the sensitivity of pyrosequencing for measuring the single deoxynucleotide variants differed depending on the deoxynucleotide identity, and in the given sequence contexts, was determined to be ∼1–2% for A and T and ∼5% for C. Pyrosequencing of other DNA isolates that were obtained following replication of MeFapy‐dG‐containing vectors in primate cells or Escherichia coli, identified several additional limitations. Collectively, our data demonstrated that pyrosequencing can be used for studying DNA damage‐induced mutagenesis as an effective complementary experimental approach to current protocols. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:601–608, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An exploratory data analysis of the temperature fluctuations in a spreading fire
Authors: Brillinger David R. , Finney Mark A.
Published: June 2014

A series of fire experiments were carried out in a wind tunnel at the United States Forest Service's Fire Science Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. The experiments involved tines cut out of pieces of cardboard. The pieces were laid out in comb‐like strips parallel to each other along a testbed. They were ignited at the windward end of the testbed. The progress of the fire was monitored by thermocouples, recording temperature, set out equidistantly up the middle of the testbed. Goals of the experiment included improved understanding of wildfire spread and the development of practical tools for wild land fire managers to employ. There was to be a search for regular pulsing in the series and any other interesting phenomena. This paper presents the results of a variety of exploratory data analyses meant to elicit information concerning the series before commencing probability modeling. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The effect of various fire‐exposed surface dimensions on the spalling of concrete specimens
Authors: Werner Steve , Rogge Andreas
Published: June 2014

Concrete spalling due to fire exposure is often defined as the sudden detachment of fragments from a concrete surface. It can be quantified by various parameters of which weight loss and spalling depth are the most common ones. The risk of spalling is influenced by many factors such as concrete composition, heating rate and applied testing methods. A reduced scale testing method should be developed to analyse the spalling behaviour and to understand its effectiveness in more detail. As a subsection of this development, this study aimed to analyse the effect of different‐sized, circular heated areas in semi full‐scale fire tests. Therefore, vermiculite slabs with varying cut‐outs in their centre were placed between a specimen made of a spalling‐sensitive concrete and the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber was heated following a standard fire curve. Our experimental results show that the thermal expansion inside of equal‐sized specimens is strongly dependent on the size of the heated area. In addition, this area also affects thermal stresses. They decrease as a result of lower temperature gradients for tests with smaller unheated boundary areas. Apart from this, the analysis of fragments shows no correlation between their relative volume distribution and the heated area. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic and Static Behavior of E–E' Bonds in Neutral and Charged Forms of HEE'H, MeEE'Me, andCyclo‐1,2‐EE'(CH2)3(E, E' = O, S, Se, and Te) Elucidated by AIM Dual Functional Analysis
Authors: Hayashi Satoko , Matsuiwa Kohei , Miza Hiroaki , Nakanishi Waro
Published: June 2014

The nature of the E‐*‐E' bonds in neutral, monoanionic, monocationic, and dicationic forms of HEE'H (1), MeEE'Me (2), and cyclo‐1,2‐EE'(CH2)3(3) (E, E' = O, S, Se, Te) is investigated by applying AIM (atoms‐in‐molecules method) dual functional analysis. Hb(rc) are plotted versus Hb(rc) – Vb(rc)/2 for the data of E‐*‐E' at bond critical points (BCPs) of fully optimized structures and perturbed structures around the fully optimized ones. Plots for the fully optimized structures are analyzed by the polar coordinate (R, θ) representation. The (θp, κp) parameters are derived from those of the perturbed structures: θpcorresponds to the tangent line of each plot, and κpis the curvature. While (R, θ) correspond to the static nature, (θp, κp) represent the dynamic nature of interactions. The nature of E‐*‐E' in the neutral and charged species is classified by comparing their θ and θpvalues with those of the standard interactions as a reference. Data for E‐*‐E' in the neutral forms of1–3appear in the shared‐shell (SS) region (180° < θ), except for MeS‐*‐TeMe (2c), which does in the regular closed‐shell (CS) region (90° < θ < 180°). The E–E' bonds in the monoanionic forms of1–3become much longer and weakened. Therefore, data of the monoanionic forms appear in the regular CS. On the other hand, the strengths of E‐*‐E' in the mono‐ and dicationic forms are almost equal to those in the neutral forms of1–3in the plots, irrespective of the shorter E‐*‐E' lengths in the cationic forms, relative to the neutral forms.
A cell-surface β-hydroxylase is a biomarker and therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Aihara Arihiro , Huang Chiung-Kuei , Olsen Mark J. , Lin Qiushi , Chung Waihong , Tang Qi , Dong Xiaoqun , Wands Jack R.
Published: June 2014

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis as a result of widespread intra- and extrahepatic metastases. There is an urgent need to understand signaling cascades that promote disease progression. Aspartyl-(asparaginyl)-β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is a cell-surface enzyme that generates enhanced cell motility, migration, invasion, and metastatic spread in HCC. We hypothesize that inhibition of its enzymatic activity could have antitumor effects. Small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) were developed based on the crystal structure of the ASPH catalytic site followed by computer-assisted drug design. Candidate compounds were tested for inhibition of β-hydroxylase activity and selected for their capability to modulate cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation in vitro and to inhibit HCC tumor growth in vivo using orthotopic and subcutaneous murine models. The biological effects of SMIs on the Notch signaling cascade were evaluated. The SMI inhibitor, MO-I-1100, was selected because it reduced ASPH enzymatic activity by 80% and suppressed HCC cell migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth. Furthermore, substantial inhibition of HCC tumor growth and progression was observed in both animal models. The mechanism(s) for this antitumor effect was associated with reduced activation of Notch signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: These studies suggest that the enzymatic activity of ASPH is important for hepatic oncogenesis. Reduced β-hydroxylase activity generated by the SMI MO-I-1100 leads to antitumor effects through inhibiting Notch signaling cascade in HCC. ASPH promotes the generation of an HCC malignant phenotype and represents an attractive molecular target for therapy of this fatal disease. (Hepatology 2014;60:1302–1313)