bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local Political Trust: The Antecedents and Effects on Earthquake Victims' Choice for Allocation of Resources
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wang Erping
Published: August 2010

We empirically investigated the antecedents and effects of local political trust. The survey data (N = 424) were collected during postearthquake rehabilitation and reconstruction in China's Sichuan province in 2008. Findings indicate that local political trust is shaped not only
by policy appraisal, but also by perceptions of informational and emotional support from the local government. The attitudinal and behavioral consequences of trust suggest that the more that people trust, the more positive will be their evaluation of the local government, and the more resources
they will be willing to allocate to communal facilities. Finally, the theoretical and applied implications of this study are discussed.
The Relationships Among Employees' Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, and the Organizational Performance of Hamadan Urban Health Centers
Authors: Hamidi Yadollah , Eivazi Zahra
Published: August 2010

The purpose in this study was to determine the levels of employees' job stress and job satisfaction in urban health centers in Hamadan, Iran, and the relationship of these levels to the organizational performance. Employees' stress levels were assessed using the Eliot Stress Questionnaire
(Eliot, 1994), and job satisfaction levels were measured using the Robbins Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (Robbins, 1991). The performance of the centers was evaluated by using a series of outcome indicators. On average, the employees in all of the health centers reported a moderate level
of stress. A positive correlation was found between performance and the midlevel of employees' stress was found (r = 0.69, α < 0.05).
Effect of Posture on Acromiohumeral Distance With Arm Elevation in Subjects With and Without Rotator Cuff Disease Using Ultrasonography
Authors: Kalra Nitin , Seitz Amee L. , Boardman N. Douglas , Michener Lori A.
Published: August 2010

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Objectives

To examine the effects of altering posture on the subacromial space (SAS) in subjects with rotator cuff disease and subjects without shoulder pain.

Background

Poor upper quadrant posture has been linked to altered scapular mechanics, which has been theorized to excessively reduce SAS. However, no study has examined the direct effects of altering upper quadrant posture on SAS. We hypothesized that upright posture would increase and slouched posture would decrease the SAS, as compared to a normal posture, when measured both with the shoulder at rest along the side of the trunk and when maintained in 45° of active shoulder abduction.

Methods

Participants included 2 groups: the subjects with shoulder pain and rotator cuff disease, as diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging (n = 31), and control subjects without shoulder pain (n = 29). The SAS was imaged with ultrasound using a 7.5-MHz linear transducer placed in the coronal plane over the posterior to midportion of the acromion. The SAS was measured on ultrasound images using the acromiohumeral distance (AHD), defined as the shortest distance between the acromion and the humerus. The AHD was measured in 2 trials at 2 arm angles (at rest along the trunk and at 45° of active abduction) and across 3 postures (normal, slouched, and upright), and averaged for data analysis.

Results

Two mixed-model analyses of variance, 1 for each arm angle, were used to compare AHD across postures and between groups. There was no interaction between group and posture, and no significant main effect of group for either arm position. There was no significant main effect of posture for the arm at rest (P = .26); however, there was a significant main effect of posture on AHD at the 45° abduction arm angle (P = .0002), with a significantly greater AHD in upright posture (mean AHD, 9.8 mm), as compared to normal posture (mean AHD, 8.6 mm).

Conclusion

The effect of posture on SAS, as measured by the 2-dimensional AHD using ultrasound of the posterior to middle aspect of the SAS, is small. The AHD increased with upright posture by 1.2 mm compared to normal posture, when the arm was in 45° active abduction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther2010;40(10):633–640. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3155
Neuromuscular Training Improves Performance on the Star Excursion Balance Test in Young Female Athletes
Authors: Filipa Alyson , Byrnes Robyn , Paterno Mark V. , Myer Gregory D. , Hewett Timothy E.
Published: August 2010

Study Design

Controlled cohort repeated-measures experimental design.

Objectives

To determine if a neuromuscular training program (NMTP) focused on core stability and lower extremity strength would affect performance on the star excursion balance test (SEBT). We hypothesized that NMTP would improve SEBT performance in the experimental group and there would be no side-to-side differences in either group.

Background

The SEBT is a functional screening tool that is used to assess dynamic stability, monitor rehabilitation progress, assess deficits following an injury, and identify athletes at high risk for lower extremity injury. The SEBT requires lower extremity coordination, balance, flexibility, and strength.

Methods

Twenty uninjured female soccer players (13 experimental, 7 control) participated. Players trained together as a team, so group allocation was not randomized. The SEBT was administered prior to and following 8 weeks of NMTP in the experimental group and 8 weeks of no NMTP in the control group. A 3-way mixed-model ANOVA was used to determine the effect of group (experimental versus control), training (pretraining versus posttraining), and limb (right versus left).

Results

After participation in a NMTP, subjects demonstrated a significant improvement in the SEBT composite score (mean ± SD) on the right limb (pretraining, 96.4% ± 11.7%; posttraining, 104.6% ± 6.1%; P = .03) and the left limb (pretraining, 96.9% ± 10.1%; posttraining, 103.4% ± 8.0%; P = .04). The control group had no change on the SEBT composite score for the right (pretraining, 95.7% ± 5.2%; posttraining, 94.4% ± 5.2%; P = .15) or the left (97.4% ± 7.2%; 93.6% ± 5.0%; P = .09) limb. Further analysis identified significant improvement for the SEBT in the posterolateral direction on both the right (P = .008) and left (P = .040) limb and the postero-medial direction of the left limb (P = .028) in the experimental group.

Conclusion

Female soccer players demonstrated an improved performance on the SEBT after NMTP that focused on core stability and lower extremity strength.

Level of Evidence

Performance enhancement, level 2b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(9):551–558.doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3325
Development of a Unique Triage System for Acute Care Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Services: An Administrative Case Report
Authors: Hobbs Julie A. , Boysen Julia F. , McGarry Kimberly A. , Thompson Jeffrey M. , Nordrum Jon T.
Published: August 2010

Background and Purpose

This administrative case report documents the development of a mechanism by which systematic triage was used to assign patients to therapists in acute care settings. The primary objective was to develop a triage tool to improve patient access to medically necessary therapy services.

Case Description

A unique triage tool and a decision tree were developed to determine which patients referred to therapists for acute care therapy required skilled services. The triage tool was used to examine therapy referrals for patients from 2 large academic hospitals; 6 criteria were used to determine which evaluations should be cancelled. During the trial period, the predictive ability of individual triage criterion items was analyzed, the tool was modified and validated, and a decision tree was established. Descriptive and chi-square analyses were performed on all variables of interest.

Outcomes

The systematic triage system reduced the number of therapy evaluations that were not appropriate by 29%, resulting in an improvement in the availability of therapy services for patients who required skilled care. The average number of patients per therapist per workday decreased from 18.9 to 12.1 and from 15.1 to 12.8 in the 2 hospitals. An improvement in a newly developed “workload index” related to missed patient visits also indicated the success of this project.

Discussion

A novel systematic triage system reduced the number of therapy evaluations that were not appropriate, resulting in an improvement in the availability of therapy services for patients who require skilled intervention.
Senator Opposition to Supreme Court Nominations: Reference Dependence on the Departing Justice
Authors: ZIGERELL L J
Published: August 2010

Research indicates that senators evaluate U.S. Supreme Court nominations on two ideological dimensions: the distance between themselves and the nominee, and the potential effect confirmation would have on the Court median. My analysis of nominations from 1968 to 2006 provides evidence that senators are also influenced by the ideological contrast between the nominee and the departing justice.
The Development of Special Orders and Special Rules in the U.S. House, 1881–1937
Authors: ROBERTS JASON M.
Published: August 2010

The modern Committee on Rules plays a critical role in structuring the agenda of the U.S. House of Representatives. In fact, resolutions from the Committee on Rules are the primary means through which controversial legislation reaches the House floor. But the Committee on Rules did not play a role in shaping the floor agenda until the 1880s and, despite intense scrutiny of episodes such as the institution of the Reed rules and the revolt against Speaker Cannon, our understanding of the role of the Committee on Rules is limited and skewed heavily toward the post‐World War II era. This limitation is unfortunate, because special rules play a starring role in major theories of legislative organization. In this article, I present analysis of the usage and historical development of special rules in the House, and I offer findings from my empirical analysis of the determinants of rule choice from 1881 to 1937. A nuanced interrogation of new data on special rules in this era reveals support for committee specialization and conditional party government as motives for rule choice in this era.
Are Congressional Leaders Middlepersons or Extremists? Yes
Authors: JESSEE STEPHEN , MALHOTRA NEIL
Published: August 2010

Infuential theories of legislative organization predict that congressional leaders will be selected from the center of their parties. Yet previous research has generally rejected the “middleperson hypothesis,” finding leaders to be extremists. We challenged these findings by testing more‐appropriate null hypotheses via Monte Carlo simulation. We found that congressional leaders (and leadership candidates as a whole) tend to be closer to their party's median than would occur by chance, but leaders also tend to be selected from the left of the median for Democrats and to the right for Republicans. Compared to the pool of announced candidates for leadership positions, winners are not ideologically distinctive. This result suggests that factors affecting the ideology of leaders tend to operate more at the candidate emergence stage.
Self‐selection or Socialization? A Dynamic Analysis of Committee Member Preferences
Authors: BAEKGAARD MARTIN
Published: August 2010

Theories on committee power assert that legislators self‐select to committees and therefore have preferences regarding the policy issues under the committees' jurisdictions that differ from the preferences of noncommittee members. I argue that preference outliers may be shaped both by processes of self‐selection and by endogenous processes within committees. Contrary to previous examinations of committee member preferences, the study utilizes a dynamic approach to examine the development of preferences over time in order to separate self‐selection from endogenous processes. Analyzing the development in the spending preferences of 859 Danish local politicians over three different election periods, I find that politicians increasingly prefer spending on their committees' jurisdictions over time, but their preferences do not change to the same extent on policy issues beyond their committees' jurisdictions. The findings point to the importance of endogenous processes in committees. Hence, committees may be outliers for very different reasons than those proposed by mainstream theory.
A Bridge to Somewhere: Mapping State and Congressional Ideology on a Cross‐institutional Common Space
Authors: SHOR BORIS , BERRY CHRISTOPHER , MCCARTY NOLAN
Published: August 2010

Researchers face two major problems when applying ideal point estimation techniques to state legislatures. First, longitudinal roll‐call data are scarce. Second, even when such data exist, scaling ideal points within a single state is an inadequate approach. No comparisons can be made between these estimates and those for other state legislatures or for Congress. Our project provides a solution. We exploit a new comparative dataset of state legislative roll calls to generate ideal points for legislators. Taking advantage of the fact that state legislators sometimes go on to serve in Congress, we create a common ideological scale. Using these bridge actors, we estimate state legislative ideal points in congressional common space for 11 states. We present our results and illustrate how these scores can be used to address important topics in state and legislative politics.
Popular Spirituality
Authors: Knoblauch Hubert
Published: August 2010

The last decades witnessed the rise of a new form of religiosity that is often referred to as spirituality. Whereas in scholarly research the idea dominated that spirituality poses an 'alternative' to religion, I want to argue that spirituality must not be necessarily conceived of in opposition to religion but rather transgressing the boundaries of the religious. By reason of this transgression spirituality becomes 'popular'. On the basis of a sociological definition of the spiritual that includes, among others, a decisive stress on the experience of great transcendencies, I want to back this view with empirical data. Since there is already a large amount of qualitative data, I am drawing here on large-scale quantitative data from a recent multinational survey. The data proves that huge numbers of people in various societies and religious cultures claim to have had experiences of great transcendencies. Thus the number of people who had such an experience indicates the quantitative aspect of what I call the popularity of spirituality.
The Religious Landscape in Post-communist Slovakia
Authors: Podolinská Tatiana
Published: August 2010

This contribution analyses the results of international sociological surveys that collected data in Slovakia, namely three waves of the European Values Study (EVS 1991, 1999, 2008) and two waves of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP 1999 and ISSP 2006-2008). Focusing on the survey data the essay elucidates the concrete process of religious dynamics in post-communist Slovakia. Attention is paid to the so-called 'core of believers' as the main representative of 'traditional' religiosity, using this unique opportunity to explore the dynamics of this group within the last two decades. The author concludes that even if institutional religiosity is still far more dominant in the Slovak religious scene, the prevailing form of religiosity is of a post-traditional character.
Multiple craniotomies in the management of multifocal and multicentric glioblastoma
Authors: Hassaneen Wael , Levine Nicholas B. , Suki Dima , Salaskar Abhijit L. , de Moura Lima Alessandra , McCutcheon Ian E. , Prabhu Sujit S. , Lang Frederick F. , DeMonte Franco , Rao Ganesh , Weinberg Jeffrey S. , Wildrick David M. , Aldape Kenneth D. , Sawaya Raymond
Published: August 2010

Object

Multiple craniotomies have been performed for resection of multiple brain metastases in the same surgical session with satisfactory outcomes, but the role of this procedure in the management of multifocal and multicentric glioblastomas is undetermined, although it is not the standard approach at most centers.

Methods

The authors performed a retrospective analysis of data prospectively collected between 1993 and 2008 in 20 patients with multifocal or multicentric glioblastomas (Group A) who underwent resection of all lesions via multiple craniotomies during a single surgical session. Twenty patients who underwent resection of solitary glioblastoma (Group B) were selected to match Group A with respect to the preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, tumor functional grade, extent of resection, age at time of surgery, and year of surgery. Clinical and neurosurgical outcomes were evaluated.

Results

In Group A, the median age was 52 years (range 32–78 years); 70% of patients were male; the median preoperative KPS score was 80 (range 50–100); and 9 patients had multicentric glioblastomas and 11 had multifocal glioblastomas. Aggressive resection of all lesions in Group A was achieved via multiple craniotomies in the same session, with a median extent of resection of 100%. Groups A and B were comparable with respect to all the matching variables as well as the amount of tumor necrosis, number of cysts, and the use of intraoperative navigation. The overall median survival duration was 9.7 months in Group A and 10.5 months in Group B (p = 0.34). Group A and Group B (single craniotomy) had complication rates of 30% and 35% and 30-day mortality rates of 5% (1 patient) and 0%, respectively.

Conclusions

Aggressive resection of all lesions in selected patients with multifocal or multicentric glioblastomas resulted in a survival duration comparable with that of patients undergoing surgery for a single lesion, without an associated increase in postoperative morbidity. This finding may indicate that conventional wisdom of a minimal role for surgical treatment in glioblastoma should at least be questioned.
Destructive procedures for control of cancer pain: the case for cordotomy
Authors: Raslan Ahmed M. , Cetas Justin S. , McCartney Shirley , Burchiel Kim J.
Published: August 2010

Object

Historically, destructive procedures for cancer pain were the main line of treatment therapy. However, the use of high-dose opioids has essentially replaced such procedures. Recognition of the limits of medical therapy to treat cancer pain effectively is growing, while conversely, in regions with limited access to pain medications, the importance of destructive surgical techniques is increasing. A critical evaluation of the evidence for destructive techniques is warranted, and the authors review current evidence underlying these procedures.

Methods

A US National Library of Medicine PubMed search for “ablation,” “DREZ,” “dorsal root entry zone,” “cingulotomy,” “cordotomy,” “ganglionectomy,” “mesencephalotomy,” “myelotomy,” “neurotomy,” “neurectomy,” “rhizotomy,” “sympathectomy,” “thalamotomy,” “tractotomy,” and “pain” was undertaken. The search was then limited to human studies, English-language literature, cancer pain, and reports with more than 1 patient.

Results

One hundred twenty papers were identified and reviewed based on the selection criteria described. According to the Canadian and US task forces, classification of clinical research literature only “sympathectomy” was supported by Class I or II studies, with 2 Class I papers and 1 Class II paper identified for cancer pain. All other procedures were supported by Class III studies of variable quality. Cordotomy in particular was the most extensively studied and reviewed procedure. Given the large number of patients studied, consistent results, multiplicity of reports and, even though evidence quality for individual studies was relatively low, cumulative evidence suggests that cordotomy may play an important role in the treatment of cancer pain.

Conclusions

Destructive procedures for cancer pain may play more than a historic role in the management of cancer pain. Cumulative evidence from even the poorest quality studies suggests that some procedures, such as cordotomy, should be included in the armamentarium available to the neurosurgeon today. To renew appropriate interest in these procedures, evidence and studies that meets today's evidence-based research criteria are warranted.
Immune Response to Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine in Term and Preterm Babies Received as per EPI Schedule
Authors: Dey Sanjoy Kumer , Nahar Zakia , Chowdhury Suparna , Shahidullah M , Rahman Shahana A
Published: August 2010

Objective: To determine the immune response of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccinegiven according to EPI schedule and to compare the antibody response among termand preterm babies.Setting: EPI centre, Paediatric OPD and Department of Virology, Bangabandhu SheikhMujib Medical University (BSMMU).Duration: May 2006 to April 2007.Study Population: Thirty preterm and thirty term babies who received 3 doses of HBVvaccination according to EPI schedule.Outcome variables: Immune response to HBV vaccine according to gestational age, accordingto birth weight and comparison of immune response among term and preterm babies.Results: Thirty three percent infants were non-responder in all the groups and 50%infants were good responders in 34-36 weeks and above. Total response was 80%among preterm and 86.6% among term infants.Conclusion: Most of the infants showed positive immune response and there was nosignificant difference among term and preterm babies.Key words: Efficacy of HBV vaccine; immune response; poor responder; good responder.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i1.5668Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(1): 1-5
Neonatal Haemochromatosis - A Case Report
Authors: Begum Nazma , Karim ASM Bazlul
Published: August 2010

DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i1.5673Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(1): 31-34
The Value of Umbilical Cord Blood Bilirubin Measurement in Predicting the Development of Significant Hyperbilirubinemia in Healthy Newborn
Authors: Nahar Zakia , Shahidullah Md , Mannan Abdul , Dey Sanjoy Kumar , Mitra Ujjal , Selimuzzaman SM
Published: August 2010

The present study was conducted to investigate the predictability of early serumbilirubin levels on the subsequent development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Forthis purpose 84 healthy newborn infants were enrolled and followed up for first 5 daysof life. Study subjects were divided into two groups. Group-I consisted of 71 subjects,who did not develop significant hyperbilirubinemia (bilirubin <17mg/dl); Group-IIconsisted of 13 newborns, who developed significant hyperbilirubinemia (bilirubin >17mg/dl) during the follow up. Of the enrolled subjects, 46 (55%) were male and rest 38(45%) were female; 64 (76%) were term babies and 20 (24%) were pre-term babies.Significantly higher percentage of pre-term babies developed hyperbilirubinemia. ROC(receiver operating characteristic) analysis demonstrates that the critical value ofcord blood bilirubin >2.5mg/dl had the high sensitivity (77%) and specificity (98.6%)to predict the newborn who would develop significant hyperbilirubinemia. At this levelthe negative predictive value was 96% and positive predictive value 91%. In oursetting infants having umbilical cord blood total serum bilirubin (TSB) >2.5 mg/dlshould be followed up strictly either in hospital or as an outpatient department on day5 if practicable. Infants having TSB <2.5mg/dl in cord blood can be discharged early.Key words: Umbilical cord bilirubin; neonatal jaundice; healthy newborn.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i2.5677Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(2): 50-54
Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis - A Case Report
Authors: Begum Nazma , Karim ASM Bazlul
Published: August 2010

DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i2.5685Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(2): 66-69
Risk Factors and Short-Term Outcome of Birth Asphyxiated Babies in Dhaka Medical College Hospital
Authors: Shireen Nilufar , Nahar Nazmun , Mollah AH
Published: August 2010

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is the most important preventable cause of cerebralinjury in the neonatal period leading to very high neonatal mortality and morbidity indeveloping countries. Little can be done for a baby affected by severe perinatalasphyxia. So, prevention is unquestionably desired.Objective: To identify the maternal and fetal risk factors for the development of birthasphyxiated babies and to see the short term outcome of the affected babies.Methods: An analytical type of or observational study was done in the Special CareBaby Unit (SCBU) of Dhaka Medical College Hospital from October 2003 to March2004. Identification of the risk factors was done by retrospective comparison of thecases and controls. Outcome was analyzed by cross sectional comparative study.One hundred consecutive cases of birth asphyxia, admitted in SCBU, were enrolledin the study. Another 30 neonates admitted during this period for other reasons (i.e.,jaundice, septicemia, low birth weight) were taken as control. Necessary informationwere collected by detailed history taking, clinical examination and close follow up ofthe hospital course, using pre-designed questionnaire and recording form.Results: Male: female ratio 3:2 both in the cases and controls. Mean age on admissionwas 13.8 hours and 2.6 days for case and control respectively. Identified importantmaternal risk factors were primiparity (57% in cases vs. 33.3% in control), hypertension(16.6% vs. 3.3%), pre-eclamptic toxemia of pregnancy (24% vs. 13.3%), prolongedrupture of membrane (33.3% vs. 6.7%), prolonged labour (34% vs. 3.3%) and useof oxytocin during labour (16% vs. none). All these were statistically significant (p<0.05).Serious neonatal complications noted among the asphyxiated babies were convulsion,hypoxic ishchemic encephalopathy and necrotizing enterocolitis. These were not seenamong the control group. Mortality among the asphyxiated babies was 16% duringhospital stay, whereas no fatality was recorded among the control. Neurologicalsequelae was observed in 28% of asphyxiated babies but was absent in controls.Conclusion: All the identified risk factors as well as neonatal complications weresignificantly higher in asphyxiated babies. Most of these could have been preventedeven with our limited resources.Key words: Birth Asphyxia; risk factors; immediate outcome.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i3.5688Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(3): 83-89
RDWI is Better Discriminant than RDW in Differentiation of Iron Deficiency Anaemia and Beta Thalassaemia Trait
Authors: Nesa Ayatun , Tayab Md Abu , Sultana Tuhin , Khondker Lubna , Rahman Md Quddusur , Karim Md Anwarul , Ahmed AN Nashimuddin
Published: August 2010

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and beta-thalassemia trait (BTT) are the common causesof microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Several discrimination indices have beenintroduced to discriminate quickly these similar entities via parameters obtained fromautomated cell counter. The purpose of the study was to compare the value of twodiscrimination indices, red cell distribution width index (RDWI) and red cell distributionwidth (RDW) in differentiation of BTT and IDA. This study consists of 57 cases ofBTT and 72 cases of IDA. Severe anaemia (<7.0 gm/dl) had been excluded becausethese cases are not confused with BTT cases in practice. Sensitivity, specificity,positive and negative predictive values and Youden’s index of both indices indifferentiation of BTT and IDA had been calculated. RDWI appears to be reliable anduseful index for differentiation of iron deficiency anaemia and beta thalassaemia trait.Again RDWI is better than RDW in differentiating BTT from IDA.Key words: Microcytic hypochromic anemia; discrimination indices.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i3.5690Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(3): 100-103
Neural Tube Defects, Patho-physiology and Relationship of Serum Zinc Level: A Review
Authors: Dey Arjun Chandra , Mannan Mohammad Abdul , Saha Laxmi , Noor Khaled , Shahidullah Mohammad
Published: August 2010

DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i3.5691Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(3): 104-110
Facio-Scapulo-Humeral Muscular Dystrophy - A Case Report
Authors: Dey Arjun Chandra , Mannan Mohammad Abdul , Chowdhury Forhad Hossain , Mostofa Gazi Golam , Saha Laxmi
Published: August 2010

DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i3.5693Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(3): 114-116
Impact of Constipation in Children on Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Authors: Hoque Seikh Azimul , Islam Md Tariqul , Ahmed Farid , Hanif Mohammed , Islam Shahnoor , Matin MA
Published: August 2010

Objectives: The study was done to find out the relationship between constipation andurinary tract infection (UTI) in children.Methods: The study was a case control study between two groups in a tertiary carechildren hospital in Dhaka city. In group-1 (n=45) those children having history ofconstipation and in group-2 (n=78) as a control group having no history of constipationwere included in this study. Growths of a single species of organism with colony countof >105/ml in a clean-catch midstream single urine sample was considered as evidenceof urinary tract infection.Results: Positive urine culture was found in 8.9% (4/45) cases in children who hadhistory of constipation and 1.3% (1/78) in children who had no history of constipation.Though the number of positive urine culture was seven times more in children withconstipation than those who were not constipated but the difference between the twogroups was not statistically significant (p=0.059) .Conclusion: Culture documented UTI in children with constipation is seven timesmore than without constipation showing impact of constipation on urinary tract infection(UTI) in children.Key words: Urinary tract infection (UTI); constipation.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v34i1.5697Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2010; Vol.34(1): 17-20
Factors Associated to Endemic Dental Fluorosis in Brazilian Rural Communities
Authors: Ferreira Efigênia F. , Vargas Andréa Maria D. , Castilho Lia S. , Velásquez Leila Nunes M. , Fantinel Lucia M. , Abreu Mauro Henrique N. G.
Published: August 2010

The present paper examines the relationship between hydrochemical characteristics and endemic dental fluorosis, controlling for variables with information on an individual level. An epidemiological survey was carried out in seven rural communities in two municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Thystrup & Fejerskov index was employed by a single examiner for the diagnosis of dental fluorosis. A sampling campaign of deep groundwater in the rural communities of interest was carried out concomitantly to the epidemiological survey for the determination of physiochemical parameters. Multilevel modeling of 276 individuals from seven rural communities was achieved using the non-linear logit link function. Parameters were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood method. Analysis was carried out considering two response variables: presence (TF 1 to 9) or absence (TF = 0) of any degree of dental fluorosis; and presence (TF ≥ 5—with loss of enamel structure) or absence of severe dental fluorosis (TF ≤ 4—with no loss of enamel structure). Hydrogeological analyses revealed that dental fluorosis is influenced by the concentration of fluoride (OR = 2.59 CI95% 1.07–6.27; p = 0.073) and bicarbonate (OR = 1.02 CI95% 1.01–1.03; p = 0.060) in the water of deep wells. No other variable was associated with this prevalence (p > 0.05). More severe dental fluorosis (TF ≥ 5) was only associated with age group (p < 0.05). No other variable was associated to the severe dental fluorosis (p > 0.05). Dental fluorosis was found to be highly prevalent and severe. A chemical element besides fluoride was found to be associated (p > 0.05) to the prevalence of dental fluorosis, although this last finding should be interpreted with caution due to its p value.
Application of an Expanded Sequestration Estimate to the Domestic Energy Footprint of the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Walsh Conor , Moles Richard , O’Regan Bernadette
Published: August 2010

The need for global comparability has led to the recent standardization of ecological footprint methods. The use of global averages and necessary methodological assumptions has questioned the ability of the ecological footprint to represent local or national specific concerns. This paper attempts to incorporate greater national relevancy by expanding the sequestration estimate used to calculate the annual carbon footprint of domestic Irish energy use. This includes expanding existing study boundaries to include additional carbon pools such as the litter, dead and soil pools. This generated an overall estimate of 4.38 tonnes of carbon per hectare per year (t C/ha/yr), resulting in an ecological footprint estimate of 0.49 hectares per capita (ha/cap) The method employed in this paper also incorporated the potential role of grassland as a carbon sink. The caveat that the resultant value is dependent on the choice of study boundary is discussed. Including the lateral movement of carbon embodied in farm products (effectively placing the boundary around the farm gate) reduces the estimate of grassland carbon sequestration by approximately 44% to 1.82 t C/ha/yr. When a footprint calculated using an overall sequestration estimate (based on the distribution of Irish grassland and forestry) is translated into global hectares (gha), the standardized value is reduced by 35%.
The Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural Protein 2 (NS2): An Up-and-Coming Antiviral Drug Target
Authors: Lorenz Ivo C.
Published: August 2010

Infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) continues to be a major global health problem. To overcome the limitations of current therapies using interferon-a in combination with ribavirin, there is a need to develop drugs that specifically block viral proteins. Highly efficient protease and polymerase inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical testing and will become available in the next few years. However, with resistance mutations emerging quickly, additional enzymatic activities or functions of HCV have to be targeted by novel compounds. One candidate molecule is the nonstructural protein 2 (NS2), which contains a proteolytic activity that is essential for viral RNA replication. In addition, NS2 is crucial for the assembly of progeny virions and modulates various cellular processes that interfere with viral replication. This review describes the functions of NS2 in the life cycle of HCV and highlights potential antiviral strategies involving NS2.
Phenylboronic-Acid-Based Carbohydrate Binders as Antiviral Therapeutics: Monophenylboronic Acids
Authors: Trippier Paul C , McGuigan Christopher , Balzarini Jan
Published: August 2010

Background:

The development of carbohydrate-binding agents as novel therapeutics for the inhibition of highly glycosylated enveloped viruses has generated much attention in recent literature. Possessing a potential dual mode of action by inhibiting virus entry and exposing the virion to neutralization by the host immune system upon the deletion of envelope glycans under drug pressure, these substances might provide a new direction in antiviral treatment. Phenylboronic acids are widely known to bind the cis-diol functionality of carbohydrate structures, thereby identifying themselves as potential lead structures. To date, few details have been disclosed of the structure–activity relationship of these substances in correlation to their antiviral activity.

Methods:

In this study, a compound library of a diverse range of ortho-, meta- and para- ring-substituted monophenylboronic acids and glutamine phenylboronic acid analogues was prepared, characterized and evaluated to probe antiviral activity versus a broad range of (enveloped) viruses.

Results:

The compounds described herein lack antiviral activity. They also did not show measurable binding to HIV type-1 (HIV-1) gp120, using surface plasmon resonance technology. However, of note is the general lack of toxicity, which suggests that further investigation of the compounds as potential therapeutics is needed.

Conclusions:

The monophenylboronic acids tested exhibited no antiviral activity as potential carbohydrate binders versus a broad range of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. The compounds tested did not bind HIV-1 gp120, possibly because of their small size and lack of multivalency.
Antiviral treatment including entecavir plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HBV reactivation following a rituximab-based regimen
Authors: Rago Angela , Lichtner Miriam , Mecarocci Sergio , Marocco Raffaella , Cenfra Natalia , Belvisi Valeria , Borgo Cosmo Del , Cimino Giuseppe , Mastroianni Claudio M
Published: August 2010

Entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate are potent and effective antiviral drugs that now represent recommended treatment options for chronic HBV infection. However, no or very limited clinical evidence is currently available on these drugs for the management of HBV reactivation in patients with haematological malignancies. Herein, we report a case of HBV reactivation in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma following a rituximab-based regimen, and who was successfully treated with a combination antiviral treatment including entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
Oficios, costumbres y sociedad en el Madrid bajomedieval
Authors: Montero Vallejo Manuel
Published: August 2010

La villa de Madrid, tras un período de estancamiento, reanuda en el primer cuarto del siglo XV un crecimiento espacial y demográfico. De esta época a principios del siglo XVI casi duplica su extensión edificada y ampliamente la población, con un crecimiento económico paralelo. De un panorama campesino, en que su artesanía —salvo algunos casos de precoz desarrollo— posee carácter rural, pasa en el siglo XV a una diversificación profesional importante, con industrias especializadas y profesiones liberales, convirtiéndose en cabeza de un mercado regional de amplio alcance. La sociedad también evoluciona: en el siglo XV se consolidan importantes linajes y aparecen artesanos y mercaderes cualificados, que ingresan en el círculo de los caballeros. La documentación ofrece una muestra importante de las actividades de esta sociedad y de sus inquietudes espirituales, y de manera destacada en los testamentos bajomedievales.
El mundo mágico en el Madrid de los Austrias a través de las cartas, avisos y relaciones de sucesos
Authors: Vitar Beatriz
Published: August 2010

En este artículo se analizan las distintas manifestaciones de lo mágico en el Madrid de los Austrias, en el marco de la mentalidad del Barroco y de la moral contrarreformista. Entre los aspectos estudiados se encuentran prácticas mágicas tales como la astrología y la confección de horóscopos, la quiromancia o la brujería, así como sucesos anormales o extraordinarios. A través de este estudio se intenta mostrar el modo en que dichas manifestaciones eran manipuladas por la monarquía y la Iglesia en su provecho, a fin de mantener el statu-quo y la sumisión de los súbditos.
La civilización como modelo de vida en el Madrid del siglo XVIII
Authors: Álvarez Barrientos Joaquín
Published: August 2010

Este trabajo es un acercamiento a los cambios sociales, urbanos y rurales, que se dieron en el Madrid del siglo XVIII desde el punto de vista de las nuevas costumbres: un estudio de cómo penetró la civilización en el Antiguo Régimen.
El Madrid que mira hacia la Meca. La producción simbólica de alternativas sociales
Authors: Del Olmo Pintado Margarita
Published: August 2010

El artículo pretende contribuir a un estudio etnohistórico de Madrid con un análisis de la complejidad social de la ciudad en la época contemporánea y un objetivo muy concreto: explorar las posibilidades de un grupo de musulmanes a la hora de negociar un espacio simbólico en la sociedad madrileña actual, y las alternativas sociales que se derivan de esa negociación para el resto de sus habitantes. La argumentación se divide en tres partes, la primera pretende enmarcar la discusión en un contexto teórico más amplio, la segunda trata el material recogido que se considera relevante, y la tercera explora los ángulos de la dinámica social de la ciudad que ilumina el análisis del ejemplo propuesto en relación con la idea de «modernidad».
El cielo como triunfo: Los galardones de la palma y la corona en Gonzalo de Berceo
Authors: Cea Gutiérrez Antonio
Published: August 2010

La reutilización de los símbolos clásicos de la corona y la palma como premios celestiales en la vita post mortem se estudia aquí a través de la obra del riojano Gonzalo de Berceo, que vivió a caballo entre los siglos XII y XIII. El análisis textual sobre los ceremoniales de coronación y de triunfo, así como de las fuentes, en gran parte evangélicas (canónicas y apócrifas), de las que bebe este autor, se completa con ejemplos de la iconografía precedente, coetánea y también la que se ha generado hasta hoy, quizá por la pervivencia religiosa de la tradición oral y escrita.
La «Dama yegua» y la Tarasca
Authors: Gangutia Elícegui Elvira
Published: August 2010

En la «Tarasca» pueden confluir mitos e incluso ciertas formas de culto, en relación con una figura femenina equina semisacral.
«...De puerta en puerta, retomemos la vieja tradición»: Reinvención e interpretación de la celebración de Santa Águeda en la diáspora vasca en Barcelona
Authors: Medina F. Xavier
Published: August 2010

La celebración del día de Santa Águeda, que ha sido recuperada por los vascos residentes en Barcelona, nos lleva sobre los pasos de un ritual que es recreado tomando como base la tradición vasca, «lo que se hace», en el País Vasco. A través del ritual, se construye un espacio «propio» y significativo para el grupo; que sirve como pauta en la construcción social del nosotros en términos de una etnicidad específica vasca en la diáspora barcelonesa.
Multiculturalismo canadiense: bueno para comer, bueno para pensar
Authors: Del Olmo Margarita
Published: August 2010

El artículo presenta un análisis del modelo multicultural canadiense, dividido en dos partes: la primera pretende una aproximación general a través de su expresión política y de las críticas que ha suscitado en la literatura académica canadiense contemporánea, en tanto que la segunda se dedica a! estudio de un caso concreto, la ciudad de Toronto, con la intención de buscar cuál es la imagen que el multiculturalismo ofrece a través de un análisis del espacio público de la ciudad.
El papel de la dimensión simbólico-estética en los actuales procesos de reconstrucción identitaria frente a la globalización cultural
Authors: Ullán de la Rosa F. Javier
Published: August 2010

En lo que respecta a la dimensión cultural de la globalización, aparece el nuevo concepto de lo «glocal», un mecanismo de identidad de síntesis a través del cual grupos tan diferentes como las comunidades negras de ambos lados del Atlántico, los indios ticuna del Alto Amazonas o los nacionalistas vascos en Europa reafirman sus sentimientos de pertenencia, reconstruyéndolos ante la invasión de lo global en sus vidas. Este artículo sostiene la hipótesis de que la síntesis entre lo global y lo local está realizándose en muchos lugares por medio de la siguiente dicotomía: mientras lo global toma posesión de los niveles infraestructural, socio-político y ético-axiológico de la cultura, conduciendo a las sociedades hacia una cierta uniformización, lo local permanece en el nivel formal y estético de los símbolos e iconos, dando forma a identidades diferenciales auto-referenciales y desocializadas.
El etnólogo y sus fantasmas. Leiris en África
Authors: Giobellina Brumana Fernando
Published: August 2010

La Misión Dakar-Yibuti, bajo la dirección de Marcel Griaule, atravesó el continente africano entre 1931 y 1933. En sus filas se encontraba Michel Leiris, joven poeta que acababa de romper con la cúpula surrealista y pasaba por malos tiempos personales. Este artículo registra su experiencia en este viaje de descubrimiento de sí, del otro y de la etnografía. Representación y marginalidad, esos son los elementos que quedarán, tanto en L'Afrique fantôme como en sus otros escritos sobre los dogon y el culto zar.
Diez años de revistas antropológicas en España (1990-2000): una evaluación
Authors: Medina F. Xavier , Sánchez Ricardo
Published: August 2010

Se analizan las características de las revistas de antropología en la España de la última década del siglo XX, así como la situación, problemática y supervivencia de las mismas o el nacimiento de otras nuevas; reflexionando además sobre el interés o no por determinados temas, siguiendo las diversas tendencias del momento.
Éthnica. Revista de Antropología y su significación histórica para la Antropología en España
Authors: Calvo Calvo Luis
Published: August 2010

El artículo presenta lo que supuso la revista Éthnica, fundada por Claudio Esteva Fabregat en el Centro de Etnología Peninsular del CSIC de Barcelona a principios de la década de 1970. Éthnica, que finalizó su andadura en 1985, se convirtió, como tal, en la primera revista de antropología cultural y social española, dejando un legado que llega hasta nuestros días por la amplitud y el rigor de los temas tratados a lo largo de los veinte volúmenes que se publicaron.
Revista de Folklore
Authors: Díaz Joaquín
Published: August 2010

El fundador y principal sostenedor de la Revista de Folklore plantea en este escrito su visión personal sobre el mundo de la investigación acerca de la cultura tradicional y los objetivos que se fijó al emprender la publicación de una de las revistas especializadas más largas y continuas con que contamos en España.
Reflexiones en torno a la revista Quaderns del Institut Català d'Antropologia
Authors: De Quaderns Consejo de Redacción
Published: August 2010

La revista Quaderns (1.a etapa, 1980-87; 2.a desde 1994) nació como medio de expresión del Institut Català d'Antropologia. Aunque manteniendo las investigaciones sobre etnología tradicional catalana, esta revista muestra un creciente interés por el tema de las identidades y las fronteras, buscando la comprensión de las sociedades desde la interrelación y apostando por la diversidad, no sólo en el ámbito catalán, ibérico y europeo, sino también en América Latina y el Magreb.
La revista Arxiu d´Etnografia de Catalunya: una retrospectiva
Authors: Bodoque Puerta Yolanda
Published: August 2010

El Arxiu d'Etnografia de Catalunya es una de las revistas especializadas en antropología socio-cultural más influyentes en España desde su nacimiento. Publicada por los investigadores del Área de Antropología social de la Universidad Rovira i Virgili (Tarragona), sus dossiers monográficos, las guías de trabajo y las recopilaciones bibliográficas que ha publicado son de obligada referencia para la comunidad científica nacional y los investigadores foráneos interesados en España.
La revista Temas de Antropología Aragonesa, próxima a cumplir sus 20 años
Authors: Sánchez Sanz M. Elisa , Gari Lacruz Ángel
Published: August 2010

Los autores, muy vinculados a la historia de la revista, que mantiene el Instituto Aragonés de Antropología, realizan una exposición de su desarrollo, pormenorizando el tipo de temas, trabajos y autores que ha acogido la publicación en los veinte años de su historia, insistiendo en su carácter de revista dedicada al ámbito profesional de la antropología con una extensión regional.
La revista Demófilo y la antropología cultural en Andalucía
Authors: Rodríguez Becerra Salvador , Medina San Román M. del Carmen
Published: August 2010

Publicación de la Fundación Machado, de Sevilla, y nacida en 1987, Demófilo enlaza con su predecesora en el siglo XIX, El Folk-lore Andaluz, del movimiento sevillano de estudio científico del folklore que animara sobre todo Antonio Machado y Álvarez. Demófilo tiene como objetivos básicos «rescatar, analizar y difundir la cultura tradicional andaluza» y va dirigida especialmente a centros de enseñanza media y universidades de Andalucía, así como a instituciones interesadas en la cultura tradicional de la región, como museos y asociaciones de defensa del patrimonio cultural. Los autores incluyen también en este artículo un resumen de los números monográficos de la revista publicados hasta la fecha.