bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burden and satisfaction with social support in families with a history of problematic substance use or dementia – a comparison
Authors: Soellner Renate , Hofheinz Christine
Published: August 2024

Background

Living in a family with a history of problematic substance use or dementia is a major stressful experience for family members and results often in an impaired health condition. Seeking and receiving social support has been emphasized as a major resource while coping with this stress. However, especially family members of people with problematic substance use often refrain from help-seeking. This paper examines whether (1) family members of problematic substance users are more physically and psychologically distressed than caregivers of people with dementia, and (2) whether and to what extent differences are mediated by satisfaction with perceived professional and private social support.

Methods

Two samples of family members of people with a chronic disease (problematic substance use (n = 221), dementia (n = 322)) completed self-administered questionnaires on burden, quality of life and social support. Physical distress was assessed using the Giessen Subjective Complaints List, psychological distress using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and anxiety symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Quality of life was measured using the WHOQOL-BREF, and satisfaction with professional and private social support was assessed using a visual analog scale. Multivariate analyses of variance were performed to compare the two groups on the means of (1) burden ratings and (2) QoL dimensions and followed up by discriminant analyses to explore meaningful variables according to group differences. Parallel mediation analyses were performed to test the mediators private and professional support.

Results

Family members of problematic substance users score higher on the burden indicators, while they score lower with regard to the quality of life dimensions than caregivers of people with dementia. The difference in burden is mainly explained by the higher scores for exhaustion, stomach discomfort and depression of family members of problematic substance users. Caregivers of people with dementia reported greater satisfaction with perceived social support, either private or professional. Satisfaction with private support was shown to be more important in mediating the impact of stress.

Conclusions

Family members of people with problematic substance use are in great need of tailored support programs and should be explicitly targeted.
Candidate markers for enhanced host response to PRRS have scarce adverse effects on pigs’ growth and production
Authors: Laghouaouta Houda , Fraile Lorenzo J. , Estany Joan , Pena Ramona N.
Published: August 2024

Background

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most challenging viral diseases that cause substantial economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. The clinical signs of PRRS depend on, among others, the immunomodulatory properties of the PRRS virus strain, farm health status, herd immunity, and host genetics. The high virulence and mutation rate of PRRS virus limit the efficacy of vaccination programs. In recent years, several candidate genetic markers associated with PRRS resilience have been identified, and selective breeding was suggested as an additional approach to control PRRS under field conditions. Even so, it is essential to investigate the effects of these genetic markers on pigs’ productivity. Our study aimed to assess the association between seven previously reported candidate genetic markers for host response to PRRS (rs80800372 in GBP1, rs340943904 in GBP5, rs322187731 in GBP6, rs1107556229 in CD163, rs338508371 in SGK1, rs80928141 in TAP1, and a 275-bp insertion in the promoter of MX1) and production traits in pigs under non-challenging conditions.

Results

About 600 high-health Duroc pigs were genotyped for the selected genetic markers and their effects on production traits (live body weight, carcass weight, backfat thickness, intramuscular fat content and composition) were assessed using a linear model. The genetic markers GBP5_rs340943904, GBP6_rs322187731, CD163_rs1107556229, and the 275-bp insertion at the promoter of MX1 showed no relevant associations with growth and carcass traits at slaughter. Regarding GBP1_rs80800372 (WUR1000125), the favourable G allele for PRRS resilience displayed significant additive effects on backfat thickness (+ 1.18 ± 0.42 mm; p = 0.005) and lean content (-1.72 ± 0.56%; p ≤ 0.01) at slaughter. In addition, the genetic markers SGK1_rs338508371 and TAP1_rs8092814 were associated with the palmitoleic content in gluteus medius, without affecting the total of the monounsaturated fatty acids.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that genetic markers for PRRS resilience have no relevant effects on growth and carcass traits in pigs reared under non-challenging conditions, except for GBP1_rs80800372 where the favourable allele for PRRS response has a negative impact on lean content. Therefore, since the effects of GBP1_rs80800372 were attributed to the causal variant GBP5_rs340943904, it seems beneficial to select pigs for the genetic marker at GBP5 instead of GBP1. Overall, pigs might be selected for enhanced PRRS resilience without compromising their overall productivity.
Perioperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage and its surgical management: a systematic review
Authors: Ribeiro Margarida , Monteiro David Matos , Moleiro Ana Filipa , Rocha-Sousa Amândio
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) is a rare but severely feared sight-threatening complication of intraocular surgery, and its management remains debatable. We intended to summarize the existing surgical management options regarding perioperative SCH, describing different techniques and their respective visual outcomes.

Methods

A systematic literature search of articles published since 1st January 2011 until 31st December 2022 was performed using MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scopus. Eligibility criteria included the adult population with SCH related to intraocular surgery.

Results

Thirty-eight studies enrolling 393 patients/eyes were assessed after a selection process among 525 records. We included 5 retrospective cohort studies, 15 case series and 18 case reports. We documented cases of acute SCH diagnosed intraoperatively and delayed SCH, treated until a maximum of 120 days after the diagnosis. Best corrected visual acuity at diagnosis was generally poor, with variable final visual outcomes. Techniques of external drainage with or without combined pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), type of endotamponade (if PPV performed), anterior chamber maintainer and reports of the use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator were described.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review assessing perioperative SCH and its surgical management. There is no standardized surgical approach of SCH and longitudinal intervention studies are lacking. To ensure that patients achieve the best possible visual outcome, prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Therefore, further clinical research is on demand to improve the management of this clinical sight-threatening entity.
The costs, health and economic impact of air pollution control strategies: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Song Rong , Xu Zhiwei , Chen Mingsheng , Di Tanna Gian Luca , Downey Laura , Jan Stephen , Si Lei
Published: August 2024

Background

Air pollution poses a significant threat to global public health. While broad mitigation policies exist, an understanding of the economic consequences, both in terms of health benefits and mitigation costs, remains lacking. This study systematically reviewed the existing economic implications of air pollution control strategies worldwide.

Methods

A predefined search strategy, without limitations on region or study design, was employed to search the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and CEA registry databases for studies from their inception to November 2023 using keywords such as “cost–benefit analyses”, “air pollution”, and “particulate matter”. Focus was placed on studies that specifically considered the health benefits of air pollution control strategies. The evidence was summarized by pollution control strategy and reported using principle economic evaluation measurements such as net benefits and benefit–cost ratios.

Results

The search yielded 104 studies that met the inclusion criteria. A total of 75, 21, and 8 studies assessed the costs and benefits of outdoor, indoor, and mixed control strategies, respectively, of which 54, 15, and 3 reported that the benefits of the control strategy exceeded the mitigation costs. Source reduction (n = 42) and end-of-pipe treatments (n = 15) were the most commonly employed pollution control methodologies. The association between particulate matter (PM) and mortality was the most widely assessed exposure-effect relationship and had the largest health gains (n = 42). A total of 32 studies employed a broader benefits framework, examining the impacts of air pollution control strategies on the environment, ecology, and society. Of these, 31 studies reported partially or entirely positive economic evidence. However, despite overwhelming evidence in support of these strategies, the studies also highlighted some policy flaws concerning equity, optimization, and uncertainty characterization.

Conclusions

Nearly 70% of the reviewed studies reported that the economic benefits of implementing air pollution control strategies outweighed the relative costs. This was primarily due to the improved mortality and morbidity rates associated with lowering PM levels. In addition to health benefits, air pollution control strategies were also associated with other environmental and social benefits, strengthening the economic case for implementation. However, future air pollution control strategy designs will need to address some of the existing policy limitations.
Medical image registration and its application in retinal images: a review
Authors: Nie Qiushi , Zhang Xiaoqing , Hu Yan , Gong Mingdao , Liu Jiang
Published: August 2024

Medical image registration is vital for disease diagnosis and treatment with its ability to merge diverse information of images, which may be captured under different times, angles, or modalities. Although several surveys have reviewed the development of medical image registration, they have not systematically summarized the existing medical image registration methods. To this end, a comprehensive review of these methods is provided from traditional and deep-learning-based perspectives, aiming to help audiences quickly understand the development of medical image registration. In particular, we review recent advances in retinal image registration, which has not attracted much attention. In addition, current challenges in retinal image registration are discussed and insights and prospects for future research provided.
Enhanced viability of Lactobacillus spp. via encapsulation in hyaluronan/PVA hybrid electrospun composites for vaginal drug delivery
Authors: Ilomuanya Margaret O. , Ogundemuren Deborah A. , Bassey Peace-OfonAbasi O. , Oseni Bukola A. , Kola-Mustapha Adeola T. , Tsamos Dimitrios , Alkiviadis Tsamis , Tsouknidas Alexandros E. , Amenaghawon Andrew N.
Published: August 2024

Background

Vaginal dysbiosis, a change in the beneficial vaginal microbiome, leads to a significant depletion in the essential lactobacilli thus increasing the possibility of vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis. Probiotics have gained more attention as a means of delivering exogenous lactobacilli but one of the challenges in delivery strategies is maintaining and improving their viability. The objective of this study is to enhance the viability of Lactobacillus spp., via encapsulation in hyaluronic acid/polyvinyl alcohol hybrid electrospun nanofibers. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) composite nanofibers integrated with Lactobacillus spp. were fabricated by electrospinning. The survival of Lactobacillus spp. after its immobilization in electrospun nanofibers with polyvinyl alcohol and hyaluronic acid was evaluated.

Results

Scanning electron microscopy indicated larger average diameters in PVA/HA nanofibers with Lactobacillus spp. encapsulation (0.189 ± 0.041 µm to 0.231 ± 0.061 µm between D3 and D4, and 0.177 ± 0.043 µm to 0.212 ± 0.041 µm between D5 and D6) which showed that the nanofibers had the bacterial cells successfully enclosed in them. The viability of the lactic acid bacteria enclosed in the PVA/HA nanofibers was observed to decrease by more than 2-log units.

Conclusion

The electrospun nanofiber-based delivery system is promising for the encapsulation and delivery of lactic acid bacteria to the vagina to combat recurrent vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis.
Prevalence, causes, and treatment of plantar fasciitis in young females of a medical college
Authors: Ali Qasim , Long Yang , Ali Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Background

Plantar fasciitis, a common musculoskeletal disorder, is characterized by inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that connects the heel bone to the toes. The plantar fascia plays a crucial role in supporting the arch of the foot and absorbing shock during movement. Factors such as excessive physical activity, improper footwear, and biomechanical abnormalities are recognized contributors to the development of plantar fasciitis. However, the prevalence and underlying causes may vary across different demographic groups, necessitating targeted investigations.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the prevalence, causes and treatment of plantar fasciitis in young female students (18–30) of a medical college in Pakistan and explore potential associations with high-heel footwear.

Methodology

In this study, a cross-sectional survey was carried out, engaging 100 young females from a medical college. Employing a structured questionnaire, we assessed a spectrum of parameters, including heel pain symptoms, footwear habits, and available treatment options. The diagnostic precision of the Windlass test, specific to plantar fasciitis, was incorporated. Rigorous data analysis, utilizing SPSS, centered on discerning associations between the nuances of high-heel wear (considering types and duration) and the reported symptoms. This methodological framework ensures a comprehensive and precise exploration of the prevalence, causes, and treatment of plantar fasciitis in our targeted demographic.

Results

All the participants were female, and the total number was 100, of which 66% felt pain in the heel when they wore high heels. Out of this 66%, only 6% are diagnosed with plantar fasciitis. The rest of the 60% have pain in the heel due to different causes such as heel spurs, stress fractures, etc. 2% of people receive treatment with steroid injections, and 12% are treated with ice.

Conclusion

We conclude that the prevalence of plantar fasciitis is high in females wearing high heels. This study reveals that an increase in the total duration of wearing high heels with hard soles increases the symptoms of plantar fasciitis. Plantar fasciitis can be prevented by education and applying ergonomics and could be treated by steroids and the ice method, according to medical practitioners.
Investigating the impact of a window air conditioner with H-14 HEPA filter on lessening SARS-COV-2 aerosols
Authors: Huzayyin Omar , Zaki Ahmed , Ali Shady
Published: August 2024

This research breaks new ground by proposing a unique solution to combat SARS-COV-2 aerosols: modifying a readily available window air conditioner’s indoor blower to accommodate a HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filter. While traditional public health measures like lockdowns and mask-wearing remain crucial, this study explores an innovative engineering approach to air purification within homes and offices. The widespread impact of COVID-19 across various sectors—agriculture, manufacturing, finance, and more—necessitates exploring diverse solutions. Current efforts to utilize HEPA filters in HVAC systems face limitations. These filters, while highly effective at capturing airborne particles, increasingly impede airflow and require substantial pressure, posing challenges for standard HVAC systems to maintain efficient operation. This study addresses this critical gap by proposing a targeted modification to a specific window air conditioner (AC) model (GJC07AF-K3RNB9D) to incorporate an H-14 HEPA filter. Utilizing cutting-edge design tool (CF-TURBO) and advanced simulation software (STARCCM +), the research will provide a new blower specifically optimized for this application. This virtual testing will meticulously evaluate the modified system’s performance, ensure optimal airflow, predict noise levels, and identify any potential design flaws before implementing the modification in a physical prototype. The success of this study could pave the way for the development of increasingly efficient and accessible HEPA-based air purification solutions for everyday use, particularly in areas with limited resources. Furthermore, this research can be a valuable foundation for future work aimed to increasingly improve indoor air quality (IAQ).
Assisted dying for mental illness: a contemporary concern that requires careful and compassionate consideration
Authors: Malhi Gin S.
Published: August 2024

With assisted dying becoming increasingly available to people suffering from somatic diseases, the question arises whether those suffering from mental illnesses should also have access. At the heart of this difficult and complex matter are values such as equality and parity of esteem. These issues require humane deliberation.
Current and Novel Treatment Options in Hormone Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Lopetegui-Lia Nerea , Varma Revati , Abraham Jame , Roesch Erin
Published: August 2024

Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) remains an incurable disease, and most patients will experience disease progression during their treatment course. Although endocrine therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for hormone receptor–positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative mBC, significant progress has been and continues to be made in the treatment of this BC subtype. The discovery of molecular markers, mutations in key cellular pathways, and genomic signatures have led to the development of novel and targeted agents, such as antibody-drug conjugates, oral selective estrogen receptor downregulators, and inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This has resulted in significant improvements in the survival and quality of life of patients. With the increasing number of treatment options for patients, appropriate drug sequencing remains a challenge. Treatment discussions should involve patient-physician shared decision making, with consideration of genomic data, previous lines of therapy, side effect profiles, and clinical trial enrollment.
“Causometry” of processes in arbitrary dynamical systems: Three levels of directional coupling quantifiers
Authors: Smirnov Dmitry A.
Published: August 2024

The concept of dynamical causal effect (DCE) which unites numerous causality quantifiers

for processes in dynamical systems (DS) as measures of X-responses to some Y-variations is generalised through updating the definition of the factors constituting those variations. Along with initial states and governing parameters, external driving (noise) realisations are included and all three factors are represented with their probability distributions. Three basic levels of DCEs are introduced based on their resolution with respect to each factor: low (three factors resolved), medium (two factors), and high (one factor). It is shown that i) a directional coupling

with zero transfer entropy (a medium-level DCE) may be strong in terms of its low-level DCEs; ii) DCEs of the same level may be small or large depending on their Y-variations, e.g., a coupling which induces synronisation is both weak and strong according to different medium-level DCEs; iii) high-level DCEs allow comparison of couplings from different sources which may be inaccessible via medium-level DCEs. The generalised DCE concept applies to arbitrary DS including deterministic (driven) DS and random DS with any kind of noise.
A Mathematical Model-Derived Disposition Index Without Insulin Validated in Youth With Obesity
Authors: Ha Joon , Kim Joon Young , Springer Max , Chhabra Aaryan , Chung Stephanie T , Sumner Anne E , Sherman Arthur S , Arslanian Silva
Published: August 2024

Context

The gold-standard clamp measurements for insulin sensitivity (cSI), β-cell function (cBCF), and disposition index (cDI = cSI × cBCF) are not practical in large-scale studies.

Objective

We sought to 1) validate a mathematical model-derived DI from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) with insulin (mDI) and without (mDI-woI) against cDI and oral disposition index (oDI) and 2) evaluate the ability of the novel indices to detect prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

We carried out a secondary analysis of previously reported cross-sectional observational studies. The Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion mathematical model for glucose-insulin dynamics was applied to 5-point and 3-point OGTTs synchronized with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamps from 130 youth with obesity (68 normal glucose tolerance [NGT], 33 impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], 29 T2D).

Results

Model-derived DI correlated well with clamp DI (R = 0.76 [logged]). Between NGT and IGT, mDI and mDI-woI decreased more than oDI and cDI, (60% and 59% vs 29% and 27%), and by receiver operating characteristic analysis were superior at detecting IGT compared with oDI and cDI (area under the curve [AUC] 0.88-0.87 vs 0.68-0.65), as was mean glucose (AUC 0.87).

Conclusion

mDI-woI is better than oDI or the labor-intensive cDI for detecting dysglycemia in obese youth. Bypassing insulin measurements with mDI-woI from the OGTT provides a cost-effective approach for large-scale epidemiological studies of dysglycemia in youth.
The Human Fecal Endocannabinoidome Mediator Profile Is Mainly Defined by the Fecal Microbiota and Diet
Authors: Castonguay-Paradis Sophie , Parent Lydiane , St-Arnaud Gabrielle , Perron Julie , Dumais Élizabeth , Flamand Nicolas , Raymond Frédéric , Di Marzo Vincenzo , Veilleux Alain
Published: August 2024

Context

The endocannabinoid system and its extension, the endocannabinoidome (eCBome), are involved in numerous biological processes, notably energy homeostasis, across virtually all tissues. While the circulating eCBome mediator profile is associated with dietary intakes and metabolic status, an important knowledge gap resides in the identification of the precise determinants of these mediators in the gut lumen.

Objective

We aimed at establishing the profile of eCBome mediators in human feces and investigating their association with circulating eCBome mediators, dietary intakes, metabolic status, and gut microbiota composition.

Methods

N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and 2-monoacyl-glycerols (2-MAGs) were profiled by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in plasma and feces of a cross-sectional cohort (n = 195) and a short-term dietary intervention trial (n = 21) with comprehensive dietary intakes and gut microbiota measures.

Results

Six NAEs and 7 2-MAGs were identified in fecal samples, but some, especially omega-3–derived mediators, were undetectable in the majority of samples. Fecal NAEs, and to a lower extent 2-MAGs, were positively albeit weakly correlated with the circulating levels of eCBome mediators. Fecal 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol, N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine, and N-docosahexaenoyl-ethanolamine levels were positively associated with visceral adiposity and with some parameters of the metabolic profile. Dietary intakes of foods rich in fibers were associated with lower fecal levels of several eCBome mediators, while intakes of unsaturated fatty acids were associated with fecal 2-oleoyl-glycerol and 2-linoleoyl-glycerol. Interestingly, gut microbiota diversity and composition were a strong correlate of the fecal eCBome profile.

Conclusion

The fecal eCBome profile is associated with gut microbiota composition and dietary intakes, more than with the circulating profile. These results strengthen the hypothesis of an interrelation between the gut microbiome and eCBome signaling involved in the regulation of numerous host biological processes.
The role of TEAD4 in trophectoderm commitment and development is not conserved in non-rodent mammals
Authors: Pérez-Gómez Alba , González-Brusi Leopoldo , Flores-Borobia Inés , Galiano-Cogolludo Beatriz , Lamas-Toranzo Ismael , Hamze Julieta G. , Toledano-Díaz Adolfo , Santiago-Moreno Julián , Ramos-Ibeas Priscila , Bermejo-Álvarez Pablo
Published: August 2024

The first lineage differentiation in mammals gives rise to the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm (TE). In mice, TEAD4 is a master regulator of TE commitment, as it regulates the expression of other TE-specific genes and its ablation prevents blastocyst formation, but its role in other mammals remains unclear. Herein, we have observed that TEAD4 ablation in two phylogenetically distant species (bovine and rabbit) does not impede TE differentiation, blastocyst formation and the expression of TE markers, such as GATA3 and CDX2, although a reduced number of cells in the inner cell mass was observed in bovine TEAD4 knockout (KO) blastocysts. Transcriptional analysis in bovine blastocysts revealed no major transcriptional effect of the ablation, although the expression of hypoblast and Hippo signalling-related genes tended to be decreased in KO embryos. Experiments were conducted in the bovine model to determine whether TEAD4 was required for post-hatching development. TEAD4 KO spherical conceptuses showed normal development of the embryonic disc and TE, but hypoblast migration rate was reduced. At later stages of development (tubular conceptuses), no differences were observed between KO and wild-type conceptuses.
Ultrastructural analysis of whole glomeruli using array tomography
Authors: Miyaki Takayuki , Homma Nozomi , Kawasaki Yuto , Kishi Mami , Yamaguchi Junji , Kakuta Soichiro , Shindo Tomoko , Sugiura Makoto , Oliva Trejo Juan Alejandro , Kaneda Hisako , Omotehara Takuya , Takechi Masaki , Negishi-Koga Takako , Ishijima Muneaki , Aoto Kazushi , Iseki Sachiko , Kitamura Kosuke , Muto Satoru , Amagasa Mao , Hotchi Shiori , Ogura Kanako , Shibata Shinsuke , Sakai Tatsuo , Suzuki Yusuke , Ichimura Koichiro
Published: August 2024

The renal glomerulus produces primary urine from blood plasma by ultrafiltration. The ultrastructure of the glomerulus is closely related to filtration function and disease development. The ultrastructure of glomeruli has mainly been evaluated using transmission electron microscopy; however, the volume that can be observed using transmission electron microscopy is extremely limited relative to the total volume of the glomerulus. Consequently, observing structures that exist in only one location in each glomerulus, such as the vascular pole, and evaluating low-density or localized lesions are challenging tasks. Array tomography (AT) is a technique used to analyze the ultrastructure of tissues and cells via scanning electron microscopy of serial sections. In this study, we present an AT workflow that is optimized for observing complete serial sections of the whole glomerulus, and we share several analytical examples that use the optimized AT workflow, demonstrating the usefulness of this approach. Overall, this AT workflow can be a powerful tool for structural and pathological evaluation of the glomerulus. This workflow is also expected to provide new insights into the ultrastructure of the glomerulus and its constituent cells.
The proximal centriole-like structure maintains nucleus–centriole architecture in sperm
Authors: Buglak Danielle B. , Holmes Kathleen H. M. , Galletta Brian J. , Rusan Nasser M.
Published: August 2024

Proper connection between the sperm head and tail is critical for sperm motility and fertilization. Head–tail linkage is mediated by the head-tail coupling apparatus (HTCA), which secures the axoneme (tail) to the nucleus (head). However, the molecular architecture of the HTCA is poorly understood. Here, we use Drosophila to investigate formation and remodeling of the HTCA throughout spermiogenesis by visualizing key components of this complex. Using structured illumination microscopy, we demonstrate that key HTCA proteins Spag4 and Yuri form a ‘centriole cap’ that surrounds the centriole (or basal body) as it invaginates into the surface of the nucleus. As development progresses, the centriole is laterally displaced to the side of the nucleus while the HTCA expands under the nucleus, forming what we term the ‘nuclear shelf’. We next show that the proximal centriole-like (PCL) structure is positioned under the nuclear shelf, functioning as a crucial stabilizer of centriole–nucleus attachment. Together, our data indicate that the HTCA is a complex, multi-point attachment site that simultaneously engages the PCL, the centriole and the nucleus to ensure proper head–tail connection during late-stage spermiogenesis.
Characterization and implementation of the MarathonRT template-switching reaction to expand the capabilities of RNA-seq
Authors: Guo Li-Tao , Grinko Anastasiya , Olson Sara , Leipold Alexander M. , Graveley Brenton , Saliba Antoine-Emmanuel , Pyle Anna Marie
Published: August 2024

End-to-end RNA-sequencing methods that capture 5′-sequence content without cumbersome library manipulations are of great interest, particularly for analysis of long RNAs. While template-switching methods have been developed for RNA sequencing by distributive short-read RTs, such as the MMLV RTs used in SMART-Seq methods, they have not been adapted to leverage the power of ultraprocessive RTs, such as those derived from group II introns. To facilitate this transition, we dissected the individual processes that guide the enzymatic specificity and efficiency of the multistep template-switching reaction carried out by RTs, in this case, by MarathonRT. Remarkably, this is the first study of its kind, for any RT. First, we characterized the nucleotide specificity of nontemplated addition (NTA) reaction that occurs when the RT extends past the RNA 5′-terminus. We then evaluated the binding specificity of specialized template-switching oligonucleotides, optimizing their sequences and chemical properties to guide efficient template-switching reaction. Having dissected and optimized these individual steps, we then unified them into a procedure for performing RNA sequencing with MarathonRT enzymes, using a well-characterized RNA reference set. The resulting reads span a six-log range in transcript concentration and accurately represent the input RNA identities in both length and composition. We also performed RNA-seq from total human RNA and poly(A)-enriched RNA, with short- and long-read sequencing demonstrating that MarathonRT enhances the discovery of unseen RNA molecules by conventional RT. Altogether, we have generated a new pipeline for rapid, accurate sequencing of complex RNA libraries containing mixtures of long RNA transcripts.
Contextual factors and intentional rounding in acute hospitals: understanding what works, for whom, in what settings: a realist synthesis protocol
Authors: Hetherton Aileen , Horgan Frances , Sorensen Jan , Mc Carthy Siobhan E.
Published: August 2024

Background This study aims to understand and explain the influence of contextual factors on the implementation of Intentional Rounding in acute hospitals using the realist synthesis methodology. Falls of hospital admitted patients are one of the most frequent concerns for patient safety in the acute hospital environment. The reasons why people fall are complex. International guidelines recommend a multifactorial assessment and effective prevention and management of identified risk factors in order to reduce the number of falls. Intentional Rounding (IR) is one approach for delivering this. IR is an umbrella term, understood as a structured process whereby nurses or care staff carry out regular checks with individual patients using a standardised protocol to address such issues as positioning, pain, personal needs and placement of possessions. Methods This study will use realist synthesis to understand what works, for whom, in what circumstances, and in what settings. Realist synthesis is a theory driven interpretive approach to evidence synthesis. It is our intention to analyse IR as an intervention, which aims to enhance patient care and safety in hospital settings. The synthesis forms part of a larger implementation study examining interventions that reduce the number of falls that occur in hospitals. Search terms will include intentional rounding, purposeful rounding, comfort rounding and hourly rounding and will encompass search terms beyond IR and falls rates to avoid limiting the synthesis. This synthesis will conform to the RAMESES (realist and meta-narrative evidence synthesis group) publication and reporting quality standards. Conclusions The findings will inform the next phase of an implementation study on IR in acute hospital settings, to address evidence informed enablers and barriers to IR. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and through presentations.
Prevalence and incidence of peripheral neuropathy, peripheral artery disease, foot disease, and lower extremity amputation in people with diabetes in Ireland; a systematic review protocol.
Authors: Kavanagh Sinead , Pallin Jennifer A. , Doherty Ann Sinead , Lazzarini Peter , O'Keeffe Linda , Buckley Claire M
Published: August 2024

Introduction Internationally, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing, and with this comes an increase in diabetes related complications. Diabetic foot disease is the most common lower extremity complication in people with diabetes causing 2% of the global disease burden. It, is associated with major morbidity, mortality, and costs to health services. Despite this burden, the incidence and prevalence of diabetic foot disease is unknown in Ireland. This paper presents a protocol for a systematic review to examine the incidence and prevalence of diabetic foot disease in the Irish population. Methods A systematic review will be performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Pubmed, EMBASE, and Lenus, the Irish Health Research repository, will be searched for publications in any language and without restrictions to date. Title, abstract, and full text screening will be carried out independently by two investigators. Publications reporting on the incidence or prevalence of peripheral neuropathy, peripheral artery disease, ulceration, or amputation in people with diabetes in Ireland, from a defined geographical catchment area of Ireland, will be included. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool will be used to assess included studies methodological quality. Results will be reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Conclusion The results of this systematic review can be used to inform appropriate stakeholders on the incidence and prevalence of diabetic foot disease in Irish populations, enabling decision making around appropriate use of resources to help prevent, and improve management of this disease. Systematic review registration CRD42023472904
Understanding the epidemiology of iNTS disease in Africa in preparation for future iNTS- vaccine studies in endemic countries: Seroepidemiology in Africa of iNTS (SAiNTS) Study Protocol: Malawi site [Version 9.0]
Authors: Dale Helen , Chirwa Esmeda , Patel Priyanka , Makuta Georgina , Mwakiseghile Felistas , Misiri Theresa , Kadwala Innocent , Mbewe Maurice , Banda Happy , Silungwe Niza , Chizani Kenneth , Kambiya Paul , Henrion Marc , French Neil , Nyirenda Tonny , Gordon Melita ,   Vacc-iNTS
Published: August 2024

Background Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are a major cause of bloodstream infections amongst children in sub-Saharan Africa. A clear understanding of the seroepidemiology and correlates of protection for invasive NTS (iNTS) in relation to key risk factors (malaria, anaemia, malnutrition) in children in Africa is needed to inform strategies for disease control including vaccine implementation. Methodology The SAiNTS study is a prospective community cohort study with paired serology samples from 2500 Malawian children 0–5 years at baseline and three months to measure age-stratified acquisition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen antibody (IgG) and serum bactericidal activity to the main serovars causing iNTS (Salmonella Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis). Children are selected from mapped and censused randomly selected households in Chikwawa, Malawi; an area with substantial malaria burden. The sampling framework is set within a malaria vaccination (RTS,S/ AS01) phase 4 cluster randomized trial, known as the Epidemiology Study of Malaria Transmission Intensity (EPI-MAL), allowing exploration of the impact of malaria vaccination on acquisition of immunity to NTS. Risk factor data for invasive disease will be collected using rapid diagnostic tests for malaria and anaemia, anthropometry for malnutrition, and a validated questionnaire for indicators of socioeconomic status, water and sanitation. All data will be recorded through electronic case report forms using the REDCap and the Open Data Kit (ODK) platforms. Stool sample analysis includes NTS culture and pan-Salmonella polymerase chain reaction to assess enteric exposure and biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction. Cases with iNTS disease will be followed up for comparison with community controls. Conclusions The final cohort of 2500 children will allow investigation into the impact of risk factors for iNTS on the acquisition of immunity in children 0–5 years in an endemic setting, including comparisons to partner seroepidemiology studies in three other sub-Saharan African sites (1000 children per site). The data generated will be key to informing iNTS disease control measures including targeted risk factor interventions and vaccine implementation through investigation of correlates of protection and identifying windows of immune susceptibility in at-risk populations.
(Un)timely care: findings from the Waiting Times project
Authors: Baraitser Lisa , Anucha Kelechi , Catty Jocelyn , Davies Stephanie , Osserman Jordan , Salisbury Laura , Flexer Michael J. , Moore Martin D.
Published: August 2024

There is a historic crisis in waiting times in the UK’s National Health Service. Crisis brings both a call for judgement – a response to the question ‘what has gone wrong?’ – and a call to action, such as better management, more resources, strategies to mitigate staff burnout, or even a shift in access commitments to reduce demand. However, not all forms of waiting are a sign of service inefficiency or failure, or a form of abandonment or lack of care. Instead, we argue that all healthcare entails waiting, and other forms of elongated time such as pausing to observe, staying alongside patients at end of life, enduring or even encouraging the repeated presentations of those with medically unexplained symptoms, delaying treatment to see what time will bring the situation, or stopping treatment as an ethical intervention. In this paper, we offer three examples of care practices that require waiting and that take place ‘fugitively’, in the ‘seams’ of the NHS, demanding considerable patience on the part of patients and healthcare workers: care for the chronically unwell in general practice; care of young people in mental health crisis; and care for trans and gender-questioning young people. Cutting across the ideological processes of marketisation and provision rationalisation and the linear models of time that have dominated health policy in the past forty years, we argue that understanding ‘timely’ care as relational, interdependent, and paradoxically ‘untimely’ enables a vital recasting of what it means to wait in and for care in the NHS.
Postoperative conditions of rehabilitative interest in lung transplantation: a systematic review
Authors: Polastri Massimiliano , Pehlivan Esra , Reed Robert M. , Eden Allaina
Published: August 2024

Lung transplantation is an elective treatment option for end-stage respiratory diseases in which all medical therapy options have been exhausted. The current study aimed to identify updated information on the postoperative conditions that may impair rehabilitation after lung transplantation and to provide specific considerations of their clinical relevance during the recovery process. The present study is a systematic review conducted by searching three primary databases: the United States National Library of Medicine PubMed system, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The databases were searched for articles published from database inception until May 2024; at the end of the selection process, 27 documents were included in the final analysis. The retrieved material identified 19 conditions of rehabilitative interest that potentially affect the postoperative course: graft dysfunction, dysphagia, postsurgical pain, cognitive impairment, chronic lung allograft dysfunction-bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, phrenic nerve injury, delayed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation weaning, airway clearance, refractory hypoxemia, mediastinitis, reduced oxidative capacity, sternal dehiscence, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), gastroparesis, ossification of the elbow, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, airway dehiscence, recurrent pleural effusion, and scapular prolapse. Although some patients are not amenable to rehabilitation techniques, others can significantly improve with rehabilitation.
Glomus tumor of the forearm with unusual intraoperative features: a case report
Authors: Sung Kunyong , Park Heejeong , Lee Seung Ho , Jeong Chanho , Lee Seungkoo , Oh Ha Yeun , Lee Sang-Yeul
Published: August 2024

Glomus tumors (GTs) are rare benign vascular neoplasms that predominantly occur in the subungual region of the digits. However, these neoplasms have also been reported in other anatomical locations. Extradigital GTs often present in atypical locations with unconventional symptoms, posing potential diagnostic challenges for clinicians. Herein, we present a recent case of an extradigital GT found in the forearm of a 76-yearold male patient that exhibited intraoperative features similar to those of a nerve sheath tumor or intravascular tumor, further underscoring these diagnostic challenges. This report highlights the pivotal role of frozen section pathology in diagnosing and managing this atypical lesion, thereby facilitating optimal patient care.
Traumatic posterior distal radioulnar joint instability treated with open versus arthroscopic methods: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Segi , Lee Jun-Ku , Oh Chi Hoon , Lee Soongeui , Lee Byung Ho , Han Soo-Hong
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) at the wrist facilitates pronation and supination, and both bone structure and soft tissues contribute to its stability. This study analyzed the characteristics of patients with traumatic posterior DRUJ injuries and examined the clinical outcomes of open or arthroscopic treatment methods for these patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 14 patients with traumatic posterior DRUJ instability, excluding those with associated radius fractures. The study evaluated patient demographics, injury mechanisms, radiologic findings (DRUJ relationship in the coronal plane, sigmoid notch in the axial plane, the presence and location of an accompanying distal ulnar fracture, and ulnar variance in the opposite wrist), and clinical outcomes (visual analog scale, Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand [DASH] score, and range of motion [ROM]). Patients were treated with either open repair or arthroscopic methods, and postoperative results were monitored over an average of 8.8 months. Results: Ten patients had ulnar styloid fractures, with most occurring at the base or more proximally. The sigmoid notch was classified as the flat-face type in nine cases (64.3%) and the ski-slope type in five cases (35.7%). The clinical outcomes were favorable, with no significant differences between the open and arthroscopic groups regarding pain levels, DASH scores, and ROM. Conclusion: Both treatment methods can achieve favorable clinical outcomes in managing traumatic posterior DRUJ instability.
A Statistical Approach to Understanding How Inter-Kernel Moisture Content Variability Affects Rice Quality
Authors: Luthra Kaushik , Oduola Abass , Vazquez Alan , Atungulu Griffiths
Published: August 2024

Highlights

Statistical models used to understand how inter-kernel moisture content (MC) variability reduction in dried rice can improve head rice yield and end-use functionality.

Microwave (MW) pre-drying for 180 seconds followed by gentle natural air drying resulted in low MC variability.

The lower the MC variability, the better the head rice yield of the samples.

Large rice fractions had the lowest MC variability and highest HRY when compared to medium and unfractionated rice.

Abstract. Variability in moisture content between rice kernels due to the drying process within a harvest batch can result in irregularities in yields and the functional quality of the final product. Investigating strategies to achieve greater uniformity in inter-kernel moisture content within dried rice batches is a crucial avenue of research for the rice industry. The objectives of this study were to use a statistical modeling approach to (1) study the influence of moisture content (MC) variability on head rice yield (HRY) and pasting properties, and (2) describe if preheating rice kernels with microwaves (MW) of the 915 MHz frequency prior to natural air drying influences MC variability within single rice kernels. Natural air drying used a chamber with a 25°C air temperature and 56% relative humidity. MW heating was administered at a 3 kW power level for 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 s. Statistical models were developed to describe the interrelationships among treatments and MC variability, head rice yields, and functionality of the rice. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.9323) between the initial average MC of the rice bulk and the inter-kernel MC variability. The MW heating duration (p<0.0275) significantly impacted MC variability and HRY. MW treatments reduced MC variability within rice kernels and positively influenced rice’s milling yield and pasting properties. All treatments did not significantly impact the pasting properties of rice. This study demonstrates the feasibility of employing MW treatments in tandem with natural air drying to reduce inter-kernel MC variability within dried batches of rough rice. Keywords: Head rice yield, Microwave heating, Moisture content variability, Pasting properties, Single rice kernel.
Investigation on Pulse Radiation Characteristics of Discretized Apertures in Time-domain
Authors: Wang Binwen , Ning Hui , Cao Chengyun , Liu Qilong , Zhang Kaiyue
Published: August 2024

In view of the challenges and difficulties encountered in the analysis and application of time-driven ultra-wideband array antennas (TD-UWB arrays), this study investigates the pulse radiation characteristics of discretized apertures based on aperture radiation theory and space superposition principle. The impact of discretized aperture linear arrays and planar arrays to restore the radiation of original aperture is examined, along with an analysis of how discretization methods influence the radiated pulse waveforms. The potential application of discretized aperture radiation in research of TD-UWB array antennas is studied, and a method is proposed for predicting time-domain radiation characteristics of TD-UWB arrays. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method derived from the discretized aperture radiation can effectively predict the temporal pattern and radiation waveforms of TD-UWB arrays. The research expands and advances the practical applications of aperture radiation, thereby offering a novel perspective for analyzing the radiation characteristics of TD-UWB arrays.