bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphoflow Protocol for Signaling Studies in Human and Murine B Cell Subpopulations
Authors: Rip Jasper , de Bruijn Marjolein J. W. , Kaptein Allard , Hendriks Rudi W. , Corneth Odilia B. J.
Published: April 2020

BCR signaling, involving phosphorylation of various downstream molecules, including kinases, lipases, and linkers, is crucial for B cell selection, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Phosphoflow cytometry (phosphoflow) is a single-cell–based technique to measure phosphorylated intracellular proteins, providing a more quantitative read-out than Western blotting. Recent advances in phosphoflow basically allow simultaneous analysis of protein phosphorylation in B cell (sub)populations, without prior cell sorting. However, fixation and permeabilization procedures required for phosphoflow often affect cell surface epitopes or mAb conjugates, precluding the evaluation of the phosphorylation status of signaling proteins across different B cell subpopulations present in a single sample. In this study, we report a versatile phosphoflow protocol allowing extensive staining of B cell subpopulations in human peripheral blood or various anatomical compartments in the mouse, starting from freshly isolated or frozen cell suspensions. Both human and mouse B cell subpopulations showed different basal and BCR stimulation-induced phosphorylation levels of downstream signaling proteins. For example, peritoneal B-1 cells and splenic marginal zone B cells exhibited significantly increased basal (ex vivo) signaling and increased responsiveness to in vitro BCR stimulation compared with peritoneal B-2 cells and splenic follicular B cells, respectively. In addition, whereas stimulation with anti-IgM or anti-Igκ L chain Abs resulted in strong pCD79a and pPLCγ2 signals, IgD stimulation only induced CD79a but not pPLCγ2 phosphorylation. In summary, the protocol is user friendly and quantifies BCR-mediated phosphorylation with high sensitivity at the single-cell level, in combination with extensive staining to identify individual B cell development and differentiation stages.
Free prostate-specific antigen outperforms total prostate-specific antigen as a predictor of prostate volume in patients without prostate cancer
Authors: Avci Sinan , Onen Efe , Caglayan Volkan , Kilic Metin , Sambel Murat , Oner Sedat
Published: April 2020

Objective: In the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urology guide- lines recommend medical or surgical treatments according to different prostate volumes (PV). The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between PV and age, total and free prostate specific antigen (tPSA, fPSA) and fPSA/tPSA ratio in patients without histologically proven prostate cancer. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was made of the data of 1334 patients who underwent transrectal ultra- sound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy between January 2016 and October 2018. A total of 438 patients with available data for age, tPSA and fPSA levels and PV calculated by TRUS were enrolled in the study. Patients with chronic prostatitis pathology in addition to BPH were also noted and evaluated as a separate group. Results: There were significant correlations between PV and age, tPSA, fPSA, fPSA/tPSA ratio (r = 0.210, r = 0.338, r = 0.548, r = 0.363 respectively). In multivariate linear regression analysis, fPSA was found to be the only predictor for PV (p < 0.001) when compared to age (p = 0.097), tPSA (p = 0.979) and fPSA/tPSA ratio (p = 0.425). In patients with chronic prostatitis pathology there were significant correla- tions between PV and age, tPSA, fPSA, fPSA/tPSA ratio (r = 0.279, r = 0.379, r = 0.592, r = 0.359, respectively). The multivariate linear regression analysis showed a signifi- cant correlation only between PV and tPSA and fPSA/tPSA ratio but not with fPSA and age (p = 0.008, p = 0.015, p = 0.430, p = 0.484, respectively). In men with only BPH pathology there were significant correlations between PV and age, tPSA, fPSA, fPSA/tPSA ratio (r = 0.223, r = 0.385, r = 0.520, r = 0.287, respectively) In multivariate linear regression model the significant correlation was shown only between PV and fPSA (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Although tPSA was significantly correlated with PV in patients without prostate cancer, the correlation between fPSA and PV was much stronger. However, it should be kept in mind that the efficacy of fPSA may be limited in patients with clinically unknown prostatic inflammation.
Prognostic value of p16INK4a overexpression in penile cancer
Authors: Pereira-Lourenço Mário , Vieira e Brito Duarte , Eliseu Miguel , Castelo-Branco Noémia , Peralta João Pedro , Godinho Ricardo , Conceição Paulo , Reis Mário , Rabaça Carlos , Sismeiro Amílcar
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Penile cancer is rare, accounting for less than 1% of all male cancers in industrialized countries. It is most common in areas of high prevalence of HPV, being a third of cases attributed to the carcinogenic effect of HPV. Tumour cells infected with HPV overexpress p16INK4a, as such p16INK4a has been used as a surrogate of HPV infections. Objective: To evaluate the prognostic factor of p16INK4a overexpression in penile cancer. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with penile cancer, submitted to surgery in a Portuguese Oncological Institution in the last 20 years (n = 35). Histological review of surgical pieces and immunohistochemical identification of p16INK4a. Relation between p16INK4a and the following factors were studied: age, histological subtype, tumour dimensions, grade, TNM stage, perineural invasion, perivascular invasion, disease free survival (DFS) and cancer specific survival (CSS). Results: p16INK4a was positive in 8 patients (22.9%). Identification of p16INK4a did not correlate with none of the histopathological factors. In this work we identified a better DFS and CSS in patients positive for p16INK4a (DFS at 36 months was 100.0% vs. 66.7%; CSS at 36 months was 100.0% vs. 70.4%), although without statistical significance (p > 0.05). In multivariate analysis of histopathological factors studied, only N staging correlated with DFS and CSS (p = 0.017 and p = 0.014, respectively). Discussion: the percentage of cases positive for p16INK4a is smaller than the one found in literature, which can suggest a less relevant part of HPV infection in the oncogenesis of penile cancer in the studied population. Identification of p16INK4a did not relate with other clinicopathological factors. Tendency for a more favourable prognosis in patients with p16INK4a agrees with results found in literature. The most relevant factor for prognosis is nodal staging. Conclusions: penile cancer positive for p16INK4a shows a trend for better survival, although the most relevant factor is nodal staging.
Comparison of the patient’s satisfaction underwent penile prosthesis; Malleable versus Ambicor: Single center experience
Authors: Bayrak Omer , Erturhan Sakip , Seckiner Ilker , Ozturk Mehmet , Sen Haluk , Erbagci Ahmet
Published: April 2020

Objective: To compare the surgical results, complications, and satisfaction levels of patients who underwent malleable penile prosthesis implantation (M-PPI) and Ambicor penile prosthesis implantation (A-PPI). Material and methods: One hundred forty two patients who underwent penile prosthesis implantation [M-PPI (Promedon- Tube®, Cordoba, Argentina): 81, and A-PPI (American Medical Systems, Minnesota, USA): 61] between 2013-2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients’ age, body mass index, smoking history, etiological factors, modified “Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) Questionnaire” scores, shortening of the penis, and complications were recorded. Results: The patients who performed A-PPI implantation were younger (56.27 ± 10.81 vs. 51.47 ± 11.79, p = 0.009). The EDITS scores of 31(38.2%) patients who underwent M-PPI and 44 (72.4%) patients who underwent A-PPI were available. It was observed that the scores on the following questions were statistical significantly higher in the A-PPI group: “Overall, are you satisfied with your penile prosthesis?, How much of your expectations did penile prosthesis meet?, How often do you use your penile prosthesis?” (p = 0.05, p = 0.048, p = 0.038). No difference was observed between the groups in terms of the scores on the other three questions (p = 0.447, p = 0.326, p = 0.365). A 61.3% of patients in MPPI (19/31) group, and 56.8% of patients in A-PPI (25/44) group stated penile shortening (p = 0.417). Mean shortening was reported as 2.1 ± 0.45 cm, and 2.12 ± 0.52 cm, in M-PPI and A-PPI groups, respectively (p = 0.90). Conclusion:It is remarkable that the patients who underwent A-PPI experienced higher satisfaction with their prosthesis. Even though it has not been evidenced in the current literature data, patients who have had either M-PPI or A-PPI should be informed about the risk of penile shortening.
Comparison of semirigid ureteroscopy, flexible ureteroscopy, and shock wave lithotripsy for initial treatment of 11-20 mm proximal ureteral stones
Authors: Kartal Ibrahim , Baylan Burhan , Çakıcı Mehmet Çağlar , Sarı Sercan , Selmi Volkan , Ozdemir Harun , Yalçınkaya Fatih
Published: April 2020

Objective: We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of flexible ureteroscopy (f-URS), semirigid ureteroscopy (sr-URS), and shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) to treat single 11-20 mm stones in the proximal ureter. Materials and methods: Patients treated at our clinic for 11-20 mm single stones in the proximal ureter who underwent f-URS, sr-URS or SWL as initial lithotripsy methods were compared in terms of their clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. Results: A comparison among 201 patients who had undergone f-URS, 119 patients who had undergone sr-URS, and 162 patients who had undergone SWL showed no significant baseline differences in patients’ demographic and stone characteristics. Stone-free rates on the 15th day and 3rd month were higher with f-URS (89.6% and 97%, respectively) than with sr-URS (67.2% and 94.1%, respectively) and SWL (41.4% and 79.0%, respectively; all p < 0.001). Retreatment rates were significantly higher with SWL than with the other two modalities (p < 0.001); auxiliary procedure rates were significantly lower with f-URS than with the other two modalities (p < 0.001). Treatment-related complication rate at the end of the 3rd month was lower with f-URS than with SWL (p = 0.022). Furthermore, f-URS was more effective than sr-URS for treating impacted stones. Conclusions: We found that f-URS was highly successful as an initial lithotripsy procedure for medium-sized proximal ureteral stones, and it helped achieve early stone-free outcomes with a lower need for retreatment and auxiliary procedures, lower complication rates, and higher effectiveness on the impacted stones compared with sr-URS and SWL.
Influence of sociodemographic factors on treatment’s choice for localized prostate cancer in Portugal
Authors: Pereira-Lourenço Mário , Vieira e Brito Duarte , Peralta João Pedro , Godinho Ricardo , Conceiçao Paulo , Reis Mário , Rabaça Carlos , Sismeiro Amílcar
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa) are active participants in the choice of treatment. Objectives: To access the effects of social and demographic factors in the choice of treatment in cases of localized PCa, in a Portuguese population. Methods: Identification of all patients with the diagnosis of localized PCa in the last four years in an oncological centre. Evaluation of the effects of sociodemographic factors (age, profession, literacy, marital status, district and number of inhabitants of the place of residence) in the choice of treatment. Results: 300 patients with localized PCa were evaluated: 17.3% (n = 52) opted for radical prostatectomy (RP); 39,3% had (n = 118) external radiotherapy; brachytherapy in 29.3% (n = 88) and other options (active surveillance, cryotherapy and hormonal therapy) in 14.1% (n = 42). In relation to surgical treatment (RP) the following results were obtained: a) > 70 years: 3.9% (n = 5); ≤ 70 years: 27.5% (n = 47), p < 0.001; b) primary sector: 10.3% (n = 3); secondary sector: 16.2% (n = 27); tertiary sector: 24.1% (n = 21); quaternary sector: 8.3% (n = 1), p = 0.296; c) marital status married: 17.9% (n = 47); single: 0% (n = 0); divorced: 25.0% (n = 5); widow: 0% (n = 0), p = 0.734; d) residency in a city: 14.1% (n = 13); city > 4000 habitants: 22.7% (n = 15); city ≤ 4000 habitants: 16.9% (n = 24), p = 0.701. Using multinomial regression with age (p = 0.001), district (p = 0.035), marital status (p = 0.027) and profession (0.179), this model explained 17.2%-28.4% of therapeutic choices (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The main socioeconomical factor that influence treatment choice was age. Unmarried patients over 70 years choose less radical prostatectomy. Other sociodemographic factors have minor influence in the choice of the treatment.
Papillary vs non-papillary access during percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Retrospective, match-paired case-control study
Authors: Tahra Ahmet , Sobay Resul , Bindayi Ahmet , Suceken Ferhat Yakup , Kucuk Eyup Veli
Published: April 2020

Objective: The most crucial steps of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) are the percutaneous access and dilation of the access route. Recent literature suggests that papillary access to renal calyx is the accepted method. Despite this rule, we do not always make papillary puncture and we puncture wherever we can to achieve stone-free status and reduce unnecessary access. In this study, we present our results with papillary vs non-papillary access in patients with a kidney stone. Material and methods: Two hundred and seven patients with non-papillary access and 69 patients with papillary access who had similar demographics (age, body mass index (BMI), stone size) were selected with pair match analysis (3:1). Preoperative and postoperative data were collected from the patient's chart. Operative time (from starting surgery to nephrostomy tube), drop-in hematocrit level, transfusion rate, duration of hospital stay, perioperative and postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo Classification) and stone-free status (no or < 3 mm residual stone) were also evaluated in both groups. Results: The mean operative time was similar in between two groups. The mean hematocrit decreases not differ between the two groups (p = 0.56). In papillary group, only 2 patients (3.2%) required transfusion and only one patient (1.4%) in the non-papillary group had a transfusion with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.43). The overall complication rates were 7.1% in the papillary group and 7.2% in the non-papillary group (p = 0.89). Postoperative mean creatinine level was similar between the two groups.  Conclusions: In this study, we found that non-papillary access is a feasible option for PCNL in the terms of stone-free status and complication rates.
Infection by Mycobacterium caprae in three cattle herds in Emilia-Romagna Region, Northern Italy
Authors: Magnani Rossella , Cavalca Mauro , Pierantoni Marco , Luppi Andrea , Cantoni Anna Maria , Prosperi Alice , Pacciarini Maria , Zanoni Mariagrazia , Tamba Marco , Santi Annalisa , Bonardi Silvia
Published: April 2020

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a contagious chronic disease associated with progressive emaciation (starvation) and tubercles (granuloma) formation commonly caused by Mycobacterium bovis. In cattle, M. caprae may also be responsible for bTB. In EU, human tuberculosis due to M. bovis had a notification rate of 0.04 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2017, but data did not include M. caprae infections. From September 2018 to April 2019, bTB outbreaks were investigated in three neighbouring dairy cattle herds in Parma province, Northern Italy. Parma municipality belongs to an officially free of bovine tuberculosis (OTF) Italian region. Official testing on cattle herds, performed every three years as legally required, revealed no positive animals. Tubercular lesions were found during the post mortem (PM) examination of slaughtered cattle and M. caprae genotype SB0418/VNTR 4,3,5,3,4,5,2,2,4, 3,15,5 was isolated. This report confirms the crucial importance of PM veterinary inspection at slaughterhouse, despite the OTF status of cattle herds.
Endoscopic posterior cordotomy for treatment of dyspnea due to vocal fold immobility
Authors: Carmel Neiderman Narin Nard , Chason Max , Wengier Anat , Wasserzug Oshri , Cavel Oren , Horowitz Gilad , Ringel Barak , Warshavsky Anton , Oestreicher-Kedem Yael
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Several surgical procedures have been described for the treatment of respiratory distress secondary to vocal fold immobility (VFI), but the contribution of posterior cordotomy (PC) to tracheostomy weaning or prevention has not been studied in depth, particularly in the acute setting. The objective of this study was to show the effectiveness of PC to relieve dyspnea, prevent the need for tracheostomy, and enable decannulation in patients with VFI. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study and reviewed the medical records of all patients whose dyspnea warranted surgical intervention from January 2013 to January 2018. Data were retrieved on epidemiology, etiology, and duration of VFI, tracheostomy dependence, success in decannulation from tracheostomy or respiratory relief, number of procedures until decannulation, and complications. Results: Twelve suitable patients were identified of whom eleven had bilateral VFI and one had unilateral VFI. Five were tracheostomy-dependent. Ten patients underwent unilateral PC, and two patients underwent bilateral PC. All the patients experienced respiratory relief, eleven after a single PC and one after two PCs. All tracheostomy-dependent patients were decannulated. The mean follow-up after PC was 24.55 months during which none of the patients required a re-tracheostomy and three patients required revision of the PC. There were no surgical complications. Postoperatively, eight patients (67%) experienced a breathy voice and three patients (25%) had dysphagia for fluids. No patient had aspiration pneumonia. Conclusions: We conclude that PC is an easy, safe, and effective procedure for tracheostomy weaning and respiratory relief in patients with VFI. A revision PC may be indicated in some patients. A breathy voice is to be expected, and a few patients will experience dysphagia to fluids that may be addressed by instructing the patient to use a fluid thickener and take small sips.
Estudo da evasão dos estudantes de Licenciatura e Bacharelado em Física: uma análise à luz da Teoria do Sistema de Ensino de Bourdieu
Authors: Fernandes João , Ueno Guimarães Michele Hidemi , Robert André , Passos Marinez Meneghello
Published: April 2020

A evasão e a retenção são problemas que circundam os cursos de Física por todo o Brasil. Neste artigo, apresentamos os resultados de uma investigação, que se propôs a levantar alguns dos motivos relacionados a esses fenômenos. Para isso, foram feitas entrevistas com estudantes e os professores dos cursos de Licenciatura e Bacharelado em Física da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Para o estudo dessa problemática assumimos a Teoria do Sistema de Ensino de Bourdieu, evidenciando as diversas relações de dominância existentes nos cursos, o que contribui para que a evasão e a retenção nesta Universidade analisada sejam altíssimas. Entre as conclusões a que chegamos, após os procedimentos analíticos do corpus investigativo, ou seja, dos relatos coletados, destacamos: para os estudantes esses motivos concentram-se nas relações pessoais “complicadas” com os professores e na rotina “acelerada” nas repúblicas em que residem; para os professores, o principal fator está relacionado ao uso do curso de Física como um “trampolim” para outros cursos, principalmente, Engenharias.
Temas de Natureza da Ciência a partir de episódios históricos: os debates sobre a natureza da luz na primeira metade do século XIX
Authors: Oliveira Rilavia Almeida de , Martins André Ferrer Pinto , Silva Ana Paula Bispo da
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho insere-se no contexto das discussões acerca da inserção da chamada “Natureza da Ciência” (NDC) no ensino de ciências por meio do uso da História e da Filosofia da Ciência (HFC). A partir da análise de aspectos dos debates sobre a natureza da luz no início do século XIX, propomos a discussão de diversos temas da NDC, com ênfase nos diferentes fatores envolvidos no processo de avaliação entre teorias concorrentes. Em particular, trazemos as contribuições de Thomas Young e Augustin Fresnel no âmbito da disputa entre a teoria ondulatória e corpuscular da luz, destacando, ainda, aspectos dos contextos francês e britânico desse período. Surgem, da apresentação desse episódio histórico, certos temas concernentes ao saber sobre ciência, tanto relacionados mais diretamente a questões históricas e sociológicas quanto relativos a questões epistemológicas, e que podem ser problematizados e explorados no ensino de física.
As modificações na carta de Galileu destinada a Benedetto Castelli de dezembro 1613: uma tentativa de amenizar as acusações realizadas pela Igreja
Authors: Lino Alex
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem o objetivo principal de discorrer sobre a carta de Galileu destinada a Benedetto Castelli, encontrada na biblioteca da Royal Society, em agosto do ano de 2018, pelo pesquisador Salvatore Ricciardo, da Universidade de Bergamo. Iremos discutir, principalmente, as modificações que Galileu realizou no texto da carta datada de 21 de dezembro de 1613. Esta carta já era muito conhecida pelos pesquisadores da área, no entanto, a descoberta de Ricciardo trouxe novas informações acerca da história do enfrentamento de Galileu com a Inquisição, na sua luta árdua em defesa ao copernicanismo e da autonomia da ciência em relação aos dogmas religiosos. A descoberta mostra que Galileu modificou o texto tentando amenizar suas duras críticas aos teólogos da época, que eram contra a ideia do heliocentrismo. A principal justificativa que os adversários do copernicanismo davam, centrava-se na subversão de algumas passagens da Sagrada Escritura, em especial na passagem de Josué. Até a descoberta de Ricciardo, a ideia mais aceita era a de que alguns clérigos rivais haviam modificado a carta para que Galileu fosse acusado mais facilmente de heresia pelo Tribunal da Inquisição e seus textos fossem proibidos pelo Index. No entanto, podemos verificar, a partir da descoberta, que, de fato, modificações na carta foram feitas, mas pelo próprio Galileu, como uma provável tentativa de se livrar de algumas acusações que a ele vinham sendo realizadas. Por fim, apresentaremos uma tradução da carta encontrada por Ricciardo, comentando as modificações realizadas por Galileu em relação à versão antiga.
AEB Online Calculator for Assessing Technology Maturity: IMATEC
Authors: Xavier Jr Ademir , Veloso Aline , Souza Juliano , Kaled Cás Pedro , Cappelletti Chantal
Published: April 2020

This paper exposes initially the motivations for developing a TRL online calculator by AEB (Brazilian Space Agency; in Portuguese, Agência Espacial Brasileira). Such motivations demand the tool to be a way not only to assess the TRL condition of operational space missions and systems, but also as a method of evaluating and sharing proposals with new technological content. The TRL methodology and its relation to risk management are discussed. The development phases of the IMATEC Lite application are then described, with emphasis to the data handling structure capable of storing the user product model. A result of technology assessment using the software is detailed by presenting the PBS of the SERPENS 1 mission nanosatellite. The prospects of using the tool for judging the acceptability of new missions and projects are discussed, as well as some of the encountered difficulties.
Discrepancies between MICS-Asia III Simulation and Observation for Surface Ozone in the Marine Atmosphere over the Northwestern Pacific Asian Rim Region
Authors: Akimoto Hajime , Nagashima Tatsuya , Jie Li , Fu Joshua S. , Wang Zifa
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In order to identify the causes of overestimate of the surface-level O3 mixing ratio simulated by three regional chemical-transport models, namely NAQPMS v.3 (abbreviated as NAQM in this paper), CMAQ v.5.0.2, and CMAQ v.4.7.1, compared to the EANET observational data at a marine remote site at Oki in July 2010 in the context of MICS-Asia III, analyses of hourly data of O3 mixing ratios and net ozone production were made. In addition to Oki, model-simulated and observational data for two other EANET marine sites, Hedo and Ogasawara, were also examined. Three factors, i.e., long-range transport from the continent, in-situ photochemical formation, and dry deposition of O3 on seawater have been found to contribute to the overestimate by these regional models at Oki. The calculated O3 mixing ratios during long-range transport from the continent were much higher for all the three models than those of the observation. In-situ photochemical formation, demonstrated by a distinct diurnal variation which was not discerned in the observational data, was seen in the simulated data of all the three models and ascribed to the virtual transport of NOx from the southern urban areas of the main island of Japan. At Hedo and Ogasawara overestimate of O3 in oceanic air mass was found for CMAQ v.5.0.2 and v. 4.7.1, while good agreement was obtained by NAQM. The overestimate by CMAQ models were inferred to be due to the use of too small dry deposition rate of O3 compared to NAQM in the Northwestern Pacific. However, the dry deposition velocity of O3 in the Bohai Bay and the Yellow Sea has been assumed to be comparable to that of the open ocean in all the three models, which could have resulted in the overestimate of O3 mixing ratios in this area and also in the long-range transport of O3 from the continent to Oki. A higher value of dry deposition velocity in this marine area is expected considering the higher content of organics in the surface sea layer brought by rivers and atmospheric wet deposition. Empirical measurements of the dry deposition flux in this area is highly recommended, since it would affect the simulated mixing ratios in the down-wind region and the estimate of transboundary transport of ozone from the continent to the Pacific rim region.
A new multivariable benchmark for Last Glacial Maximum climate simulations
Authors: Cleator Sean F. , Harrison Sandy P. , Nichols Nancy K. , Prentice I. Colin , Roulstone Ian
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We present a new global reconstruction of seasonal climates at the
Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 000 years BP) made using 3-D variational data
assimilation with pollen-based site reconstructions of six climate variables
and the ensemble average of the PMIP3—CMIP5 simulations as a prior (initial estimate of LGM climate). We
assume that the correlation matrix of the uncertainties in the prior is both
spatially and temporally Gaussian, in order to produce a climate
reconstruction that is smoothed both from month to month and from grid cell
to grid cell. The pollen-based reconstructions include mean annual
temperature (MAT), mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCO), mean
temperature of the warmest month (MTWA), growing season warmth as measured
by growing degree days above a baseline of 5 ∘C (GDD5), mean
annual precipitation (MAP), and a moisture index (MI), which is the ratio of
MAP to mean annual potential evapotranspiration. Different variables are
reconstructed at different sites, but our approach both preserves seasonal
relationships and allows a more complete set of seasonal climate variables
to be derived at each location. We further account for the ecophysiological
effects of low atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration on vegetation in
making reconstructions of MAP and MI. This adjustment results in the
reconstruction of wetter climates than might otherwise be inferred from the
vegetation composition. Finally, by comparing the uncertainty contribution
to the final reconstruction, we provide confidence intervals on these
reconstructions and delimit geographical regions for which the palaeodata
provide no information to constrain the climate reconstructions. The new
reconstructions will provide a benchmark created using clear and defined
mathematical procedures that can be used for evaluation of the PMIP4–CMIP6
entry-card LGM simulations and are available at https://doi.org/10.17864/1947.244 (Cleator et al., 2020b).
Bipolar volcanic synchronization of abrupt climate change in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores during the last glacial period
Authors: Svensson Anders , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Steffensen Jørgen Peder , Blunier Thomas , Rasmussen Sune O. , Vinther Bo M. , Vallelonga Paul , Capron Emilie , Gkinis Vasileios , Cook Eliza , Kjær Helle Astrid , Muscheler Raimund , Kipfstuhl Sepp , Wilhelms Frank , Stocker Thomas F. , Fischer Hubertus , Adolphi Florian , Erhardt Tobias , Sigl Michael , Landais Amaelle , Parrenin Frédéric , Buizert Christo , McConnell Joseph R. , Severi Mirko , Mulvaney Robert , Bigler Matthias
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The last glacial period is characterized by a number of abrupt climate events that have been identified in both Greenland and Antarctic ice cores. The mechanisms governing this climate variability remain a puzzle that requires a precise synchronization of ice cores from the two Hemispheres to be resolved. Previously, Greenland and Antarctic ice cores have been synchronized primarily via their common records of gas concentrations or isotopes from the trapped air and via cosmogenic isotopes measured on the ice. In this work, we apply ice-core volcanic proxies and annual layer counting to identify large volcanic eruptions that have left a signature in both Greenland and Antarctica. Generally, no tephra is associated with those eruptions in the ice cores, so the source of the eruptions cannot be identified. Instead, we identify and match sequences of volcanic eruptions with bipolar distribution of sulfate, i.e. unique patterns of volcanic events separated by the same number of years at the two poles. Using this approach, we pinpoint 80 large bipolar volcanic eruptions throughout the second half of the last glacial period (12–60 ka before present). This improved ice-core synchronization is applied to determine the bipolar phasing of abrupt climate change events at decadal-scale precision. During abrupt transitions, we find more coherent Antarctic water isotopic signals (δ18O and deuterium excess) than was obtained from previous gas-based synchronizations, providing additional support for our volcanic framework. On average, the Antarctic bipolar seesaw climate response lags the midpoint of Greenland abrupt δ18O transitions by 122 ± 24 years. The time difference between Antarctic signals in deuterium excess and δ18O, which is less sensitive to synchronization errors, suggests an Antarctic δ18O lag of 152 ± 37 years. These estimates are shorter than the 200 years suggested by earlier gas-based synchronizations. As before, we find variations in the timing and duration between the response at different sites and for different events suggesting an interaction of oceanic and atmospheric teleconnection patterns as well as internal climate variability.
Earth Girl Volcano: Characterizing and Conveying Volcanic Hazard Complexity in an Interactive Casual Game of Disaster Preparedness and Response
Authors: Kerlow Isaac , Pedreros Gabriela , Albert Helena
Published: April 2020

Abstract. This paper focuses on the process of developing the Earth Girl Volcano game, and presents some of our best professional practices and lessons-learned during the inter-disciplinary development and production of interactive games of disaster preparedness and response. The survival of many communities during volcanic emergencies is tied to their volcanic preparedness knowledge. Unfortunately there is a gap between scientific terminology and the non-technical language used by the general population. For this reason it is necessary to develop and implement engaging outreach strategies that familiarize communities at risk with volcanic hazards, that show how a volcanic event unfolds and what to do in case of an emergency. Interactive games provide a perfect alternative to engage communities and to impact their resilience. The Earth Girl Volcano game is about making strategic decisions that minimize risk in communities exposed to volcanic hazards. Conveying the complexities of natural disaster preparedness to a general audience is a communication challenge in itself, because of the multi-layered, interrelated and technical nature of the information. We use interactive dramatizations of hazard scenarios for players to identify with the characters in the game and to empathize with communities impacted by volcanic hazards. We present our approach for characterizing the hazard scenarios in precise but nimble ways, and for designing engaging gameplay within the context of a casual strategy game. We seek to engage mainstream audiences and familiarize them with volcanic evacuations and disaster risk management by providing a high degree of playability, using storytelling to create empathy, making creative use of staging and visuals, and using plain language. The combination of all these techniques yields a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts, a perfect storm that is able to create an emotional connection between players and the hazard scenarios in the game.
Educational and artistic fun teaching tools for science outreach
Authors: Locritani Marina , Merlino Silvia , Garvani Sara , Di Laura Francesca
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The aim of scientific dissemination is to spread interest and knowledge of scientific issues by trying to reach people of all ages and social backgrounds. Simplifying (without trivializing) scientific concepts and making them attractive to the general public is therefore essential to achieve the previous objectives. For this purpose, it can be useful for scientists to work in close collaboration with artists, implementing new tools that can positively influence the emotional sphere and capture the attention of the people involved. Playful educational activity and visual language play a key role in this process, to convey interest and facilitate learning. An example of this are the educational laboratories structured as group games, in which great importance is given both to practical activities and to the transmission of concepts through their visualization in the form of images. Over the last eight years, the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology), the Institute of Marine Sciences of the National Research Council and Historical Oceanography Society have collaborated in the organization of science dissemination events involving students from schools of different levels in educational experiences based on games, characterized by an essentially visual approach to the concepts presented. In this work, we would like to give a brief overview of these didactic tools, retracing the choices made while ideating them, thanks mainly to the close collaboration with some artists and illustrators.
Evaluation of Sea-Ice Thickness from four reanalyses in the Antarctic Weddell Sea
Authors: Shi Qian , Yang Qinghua , Mu Longjiang , Wang Jinfei , Massonnet François , Mazloff Matthew
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Ocean-sea ice coupled models constrained by varied observations provide different ice thickness estimates in the Antarctic. We evaluate contemporary monthly ice thickness from four reanalyses in the Weddell Sea, the German contribution of the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean project, Version 2 (GECCO2), the Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE), the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) based ocean-ice model (called NEMO-EnKF), and the Global Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (GIOMAS), and with reference observations from ICESat-1, Envisat, upward looking sonars and visual ship-based sea-ice observations. Compared with ICESat-1 altimetry and in situ observations, all reanalyses underestimate ice thickness near the coast of the western Weddell Sea, even though ICESat-1 and visual observations may be biased low. GECCO2 and NEMO-EnKF can well reproduce the seasonal variation of first-year ice thickness in the eastern Weddell Sea. In contrast, GIOMAS ice thickness performs best in the central Weddell Sea, while SOSE ice thickness agrees most with the observations in the southern coast of the Weddell Sea. In addition, only NEMO-EnKF can reproduce the seasonal spatial evolution of ice thickness distribution well, characterized by the thick ice shifting from the southwestern and western Weddell Sea in summer to the western and northwestern Weddell Sea in spring. We infer that the thick ice distribution is correlated with its better simulation of northward ice motion in the western Weddell Sea. These results demonstrate the possibilities and limitations of using current sea-ice reanalysis for understanding the recent variability of sea-ice volume in the Antarctic.
Body in Drama Class: The Role of Body in Learning
Authors: Köksal Necla
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study is to examine the perceptions of preservice teachers about the body in drama classes and to identify the views of preservice teachers about the role of the body on learning. As a phenomenological study, the participants consisted of 20 preservice teachers attending the English Language Teaching Department and Psychological Guidance and Counselling Department at the Faculty of Education at Pamukkale University. The data was collected via semi-structured interview form. According to the content analysis, the views of preservice teachers on the body in drama classes were categorized as a theme named "body and learning in drama class". Two sub-themes were identified under the main theme as the impending and supportive factors for learning. As a result, preservice teachers indicated that after the drama experiences their perceptions of the body has changed, they interpreted the relation of body and mind in a different way in the learning process, and comprehend the role of the body on learning better.
Canadian Guidelines on Opioid Use Disorder Among Older Adults
Authors: Rieb Launette M. , Samaan Zainab , Furlan Andrea D. , Rabheru Kiran , Feldman Sid , Hung Lillian , Budd George , Coleman Douglas
Published: April 2020

BackgroundIn Canada, rates of hospital admission from opioid overdose are higher for older adults (≥ 65) than younger adults, and opioid use disorder (OUD) is a growing concern. In response, Health Canada commissioned the Canadian Coalition of Seniors’ Mental Health to create guidelines for the prevention, screening, assessment, and treatment of OUD in older adults.MethodsA systematic review of English language literature from 2008–2018 regarding OUD in adults was conducted. Previously published guidelines were evaluated using AGREE II, and key guidelines updated using ADAPTE method, by drawing on current literature. Recommendations were created and assessed using the GRADE method.ResultsThirty-two recommendations were created. Prevention recommendations: it is key to prioritize non-pharmacological and non-opioid strategies to treat acute and chronic noncancer pain. Assessment recommendations: a comprehensive assessment is important to help discern contributions of other medical conditions. Treatment recommendations: buprenorphine is first line for both withdrawal management and maintenance therapy, while methadone, slow-release oral morphine, or naltrexone can be used as alternatives under certain circumstances; non-pharmacological treatments should be offered as an integrated part of care.ConclusionThese guidelines provide practical and timely clinical recommendations on the prevention, assessment, and treatment of OUD in older adults within the Canadian context.
Nachhaltig von Haus aus und mit Umsicht
Authors: Wendt Wolf Rainer
Published: April 2020

Die soziale Dimension der Nachhaltigkeit wird oft nur im Anhang zu ihrer ökologischen und ökonomischen Erstreckung diskutiert. Oder man meint, abgekoppelt von den beiden anderen Dimensionen im »Drei-Säulen-Konzept« der Nachhaltigkeit, mit der sozialen die Sicherung und Zukunftsfähigkeit sozialer Versorgung mit ihren Leistungen insbesondere im Bildungs- und Gesundheitswesen und zur Integration in Arbeit. In Zeiten des Klimawandels kann aber nicht mehr übersehen werden, dass die Probleme in Natur und Umwelt in die soziale und persönliche Daseinsgestaltung reichen und dass die Lebensführung »von Haus aus« ökologisch relevant und in der Ökonomie der Nachhaltigkeit gefragt ist. Uns allen, dem Einzelnen und der Gemeinschaft, obliegen Zuständigkeit und Verantwortung für ein nachhaltiges Wohlergehen.
Wohnungsnot minimalistisch, selbstverantwortlich und/oder sozialarbeiterisch angehen?
Authors: Kuhnt Janine
Published: April 2020

Wohnraumknappheit in deutschen Großstädten ist aktuell ein Thema, das nicht nur fachpolitisch geführt wird, sondern sowohl zivilgesellschaftliche Akteur*innen beschäftigt als auch eine Startup-Szene von Tiny-House-Produzent*innen entstehen lässt. Die beiden Letztgenannten formieren sich in der sog. Tiny House-Bewegung, um u. a. Lösungsansätze zu entwickeln und zu erproben, um dem Knapper- und Teurerwerden von Wohnraum zu begegnen.
Soziale Ordnungspolitik
Authors: Schlüter Bernd
Published: April 2020

Das Sozialstaatsgebot des Grundgesetzes gibt weder konkrete Sozialpolitiken vor, noch will es der Bevölkerung eine Lebensordnung vorschreiben. Es steht im Zusammenhang mit der Würde des Menschen, den Menschenrechten, der Sozialbindung des Eigentums, dem Begriff der Solidarität, aktuellen sozialpolitischen Tendenzen und wissenschaftlichen Sozialtheorien. Sozialpolitik muss also um der generellen Richtung, der Instrumente und der konkreten Leistungen willen immer wieder neu definiert werden.
Corporate Governance von Sparkassen – eine anreiztheoretische Analyse der Vergütung der Sparkassenvorstände in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Authors: Ewelt-Knauer Corinna , Schwering Anja , Winkelmann Sandra
Published: April 2020

Ein funktionsfähiges Corporate-Governance-System ist insbesondere für Sparkassen von zentraler Bedeutung, weil bei der Erfüllung des öffentlichen Auftrags eine Vielzahl divergierender Stakeholderinteressen zu berücksichtigen ist. Um das Handeln der Sparkassenvorstände im Sinne der Stakeholder zu lenken, werden von den regionalen Sparkassenverbänden in NRW Empfehlungen erlassen, die die Höhe und Struktur der Vergütung bestimmen. Vorliegend wird ein Überblick über das Corporate-Governance-System der Sparkassen gegeben und analysiert, ob und inwieweit die in der Vergütung gesetzten Anreize mit den Zielen des Corporate- Governance-Systems übereinstimmen und wie diese verbessert werden können.
Lösungsmöglichkeiten zur Mehrkostenverteilung bei Gemeinschaftsfinanzierung
Authors: Wagner Katharina
Published: April 2020

Kostenüberschreitungen bei Großprojekten sind häufig festzustellen und deshalb auch Gegenstand der öffentlichen und fachlichen Diskussion. Aufgrund des Finanzierungsumfangs dieser Projekte schließen sich in der Regel mehrere Partner zusammen.

Daher stellt sich im Fall von Kostenüberschreitungen die Frage, wie die Mehrkosten zwischen den Partnern aufzuteilen sind. Interessanterweise ist diese Frage bisher wenig beachtet und nicht beantwortet worden. Im folgenden Beitrag wird ein allgemeingültiger Lösungsansatz für diese Problemklasse entwickelt.
Das Testat des Wirtschaftsprüfers im Lichte der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention
Authors: Linz Oliver
Published: April 2020

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem in der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention verankerten Anspruch von Menschen mit kognitiver Beeinträchtigung, ihre wirtschaftlichen Angelegenheiten soweit wie möglich autonom zu regeln und auf die dafür erforderlichen barrierefreien Informationen zugreifen zu können. Am Beispiel des Testats des Wirtschaftsprüfers wird untersucht, wie sich dieser Anspruch konkret gestaltet, welche rechtliche Auflagen sich damit für öffentliche und gemeinnützige Unternehmen verbinden und welche Folgen - Negation völkerrechtlicher Verpflichtungen oder Ausweitung der Erwartungslücke - daraus erwachsen.
The Sociological and Ontological Dimensions of the Knowledge Organization Domain on Google Scholar Citations
Authors: Roszkowski Marcin
Published: April 2020

This study aims to identify the profiles of researchers in the knowledge organization domain on Google Scholar Citations (GSC) and investigate its sociological and ontological dimensions. The sociological dimension is related to GSC users who declared research interests that fall within the scope of the knowledge organization domain. The ontological dimension is based on the study of these concepts. Domain analysis was used as a methodological framework for this study. A search was conducted on GSC using keywords in order to create a list of scholars who declared the knowledge organization domain as one of their research interests in their Google Scholar Profiles (GSPs). Next, the search for GSPs of authors who had published their papers in the Knowledge Organization journal from 2000 to 2019 was conducted. The results showed that there were 379 publicly available GSPs. Analysis of the affiliated institutions showed that the majority of them were based respectively in the USA, Brazil, and then in India. The ontological dimension of the knowledge organization domain on GSC was examined by studying keywords attached to GSPs. The most frequently used keywords were identified and using network analysis five clusters that represented the main areas of interest were extracted.
El audiovisual toma la web
Authors: Córcoles César
Published: April 2020

Cuando no ha llegado aun el ecuador del año es arriesgado adelantar cuáles son los puntos por los que se recordará 2006. En el fugaz ‘tiempo Internet’, en que todo avanza a una velocidad un orden de magnitud más alta, más aun. Pero pocos discutirán que, entre otras cosas, este año se recordará como el año en que el vídeo tomó al asalto la web.
Dynamics of pattern formation and emergence of swarming in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Demir Esin , Yaman Y Ilker , Basaran Mustafa , Kocabas Askin
Published: April 2020

Many animals collectively form complex patterns to tackle environmental difficulties. Several biological and physical factors, such as animal motility, population densities, and chemical cues, play significant roles in this process. However, very little is known about how sensory information interplays with these factors and controls the dynamics of pattern formation. Here, we study the direct relation between oxygen sensing, pattern formation, and emergence of swarming in active Caenorhabditis elegans aggregates. We find that when thousands of animals gather on food, bacteria-mediated decrease in oxygen level slows down the animals and triggers motility-induced phase separation. Three coupled factors—bacterial accumulation, aerotaxis, and population density—act together and control the entire dynamics. Furthermore, we find that biofilm-forming bacterial lawns including Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strongly alter the collective dynamics due to the limited diffusibility of bacteria. Additionally, our theoretical model captures behavioral differences resulting from genetic variations and oxygen sensitivity.