bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abortifacientes: efeitos tóxicos e riscos
Authors: Roehsig Marli , Sant’Anna Simone Gomes , Salles Kátia Regina Rosin Delphino , Santos Marcelo Filonzi dos , Yonamine Mauricio
Published: February 2016

A prática clandestina do aborto pode provocar diversos efeitos prejudiciais à saúde da mulher. Em muitos casos, a situação política, social e religiosa do Brasil favorece a automedicação e a procura por preparações caseiras e populares para induzir o aborto. Atualmente, medicamentos e plantas são alguns dos
métodos empregados para interromper a gestação. Observa-se uma diversificação na legislação do aborto entre os países, com tendência à menor restrição na interrupção da gravidez em países desenvolvidos. É fundamental o envolvimento da iniciativa pública em programas de educação e planejamento familiar da população para que esta esteja capacitada a avaliar suas escolhas e os riscos aos quais se expõe. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica e análise crítica dos aspectos toxicológicos de fármacos e de plantas utilizados como abortifacientes, considerando também os riscos associados quando não há um acompanhamento médico efetivo. 
Terapia nutricional enteral em pacientes oncológicos sob cuidados paliativos: uma análise da bioética
Authors: Loyolla Viviane Campos Leite , Pessini Leocir , Bottoni Andrea , Serrano Sandra Caires , Teodoro Ana Lucia , Bottoni Adriana
Published: February 2016

A terapia nutricional em pacientes com doenças muito avançadas ou em doentes considerados
em período de cuidados terminais está sendo frequentemente discutida pelos profissionais de saúde. O comprometimento do estado nutricional é uma complicação presente em pacientes com câncer, em que a perda de peso frequentemente é o primeiro sintoma ocorrido e está associado ao aumento da morbi-mortalidade. Em cuidados paliativos, a terapia nutricional deve ter como primeiro objetivo aumentar a qualidade de vida do paciente, minimizando os sintomas relacionados à nutrição e adiar ou suspender a perda da autonomia. Sendo a bioética um instrumento de reflexão e ação, seus princípios e referenciais devem estar presentes em cada atitude e decisão, havendo sempre a necessidade de uma reflexão profunda da equipe, juntamente com a família e o paciente, priorizando a beneficência do paciente. O trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar, sob o ponto de vista da Bioética, a utilização da terapia nutricional enteral em pacientes oncológicos sob cuidados paliativos, verificando a participação dos pacientes e de seus familiares na decisão sobre a utilização dessa terapia e conhecendo sua visão a respeito dela.
Análise forense de documentos digitais: além da visão humana
Authors: Silva Ewerton Almeida , Rocha Anderson
Published: February 2016

As ferramentas de
hardware e software atuais promovem, cada vez mais, a criação de falsificações com alto grau de realismo. Adulterações fraudulentas em documentos digitais podem ser facilmente executadas visando enganar seus observadores. Neste artigo, exploramos o campo de pesquisas denominado Análise Forense de Documentos, enfatizando os aspectos ético-legais acerca da adulteração em imagens digitais. Examinamos, também, alguns dos mais interessantes casos de falsificação já registrados em contextos diversos, tais como na política, em pesquisas científicas e na Medicina Forense. Finalmente, mostramos algumas abordagens da literatura que podem ser aplicadas na tarefa de discernir entre um documento digital autêntico e uma falsificação.
Erro médico – o laudo pericial e a decisão judicial
Authors: Wild Camila Lúcia Dedivitis Tiossi
Published: February 2016

Considera-se como erro médico toda e qualquer falha ocorrida durante a prestação da assistência à saúde que tenha causado algum tipo de dano ao paciente. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar perícias médicas judiciais em erro médico, correlacionar o laudo pericial e sua influência na decisão judicial. Analisamos 30 perícias realizadas no Instituto de Medicina Social e Criminologia do Estado de São Paulo (IMESC) entre janeiro e abril de 2010. O estudo foi realizado em janeiro de 2013. O laudo pericial conseguiu determinar relação de nexo causal entre o atendimento médico e o dano ao periciando em 8 casos, sendo constatada alguma irregularidade no ato médico (mau atendimento médico). Treze processos já haviam sido julgados em 1ª instância, sendo 10 considerados improcedentes. O laudo pericial foi acatado pelo juiz em 85% (11 casos) das decisões judiciais, mostrando que na maioria dos casos é ele que norteia o julgamento.
Terminalidade da vida: questões éticas e religiosas sobre a ortotanásia
Authors: Xavier Marcelo S. , Miziara Carmen Silvia Molleis Galego , Miziara Ivan Dieb
Published: February 2016

A ortotanásia tem sido amplamente discutida nos últimos anos, principalmente após a publicação da Resolução CFM nº 1805/2006 e, posteriormente, com a publicação do novo Código de Ética Médica. O objetivo deste estudo é abordar e identificar as questões éticas e religiosas que exercem influência sobre o tema e que devem ser consideradas diante de pacientes em fases terminais da vida. Para atingir esse objetivo foi realizada revisão de literatura nas principais bases de dados de livre acesso, em textos publicados e em entrevistas de posicionamentos de líderes religiosos nos veículos de comu­nicação. A maioria das religiões aceita a morte como processo natural, sendo a ortotanásia vista de forma natural. Conclui-se que a religião não interfere negativamente em relação à ortotanásia.
A influência do álcool e outras drogas na condução de veículos automotores e a utilização do exame clínico como meio de prova nas infrações e crimes de trânsito
Authors: SOUZA Marcos , MUÑOZ Daniel Romero
Published: February 2016

Os autores estudaram os principais efeitos do álcool etílico e drogas na capacidade de conduzir veículos automotores, destacando os aspectos legais e periciais nas infrações e delitos de trânsito. Discute-se a utilidade do exame clínico, nos casos suspeitos de embriaguez alcoólica ou por outras drogas inebriantes, como componente do conjunto probatório, ao lado da prova testemunhal e do exame químico. A jurisprudência brasileira, em muitos casos, tem dado maior valor a depoimentos de testemunhas, quando confrontados com o exame laboratorial. Embora, na maioria dos países, a perícia clínica tenha sido substituída, pura e simplesmente, pelo exame químico, o Código de Trânsito Brasileiro admite a sua realização nos casos em que se suspeite que o motorista tenha excedido os limites de alcoolemia permitidos. Com a aplicação do exame clinico é possível o diagnóstico mais preciso da influência do álcool ou de outras drogas psicoativas sobre o indivíduo e mesmo portadores de enfermidades que comprometam a performance.
Rotura himenal em criança violentada: estupro ou atentado violento ao pudor?
Authors: Fontes Luiz Roberto De Oliveira , Verdadeiro Cláudio Furtado , Gianvecchio Victor Alexandre Percinio , Muñoz Daniele , Muñoz Daniel Romero
Published: February 2016

Os autores apresentam o caso de uma criança de cinco anos morta por esganadura, que apresentava também sinais de espancamento e de violência sexual. A dificuldade de caracterizar a violência sexual, se estupro ou atentado violento ao pudor, está na realização do diagnóstico de conjunção carnal. A literatura médica mostra que um dos elementos fundamentais para este diagnóstico é o hímen e suas características, porém, a rotura himenal, mesmo recente, pode ser questionada como sinal de certeza, já que esta pode ocorrer em traumatismos acidentais da região perineal.
Clonagem humana: aspectos éticos
Authors: Muñoz Daniel Romero
Published: February 2016

A clonagem da ovelha “Dolly” fez aflorarem dilemas morais, que desencadearam um temor inopinado, que acarretou, em vários países, a proibição desse tipo de pesquisa. O autor expõe alguns desses dilemas e discute seus aspectos éticos à luz dos conhecimentos atuais, enfatizando que a melhor política não é proibir mas controlar. Defende que o Brasil tem mecanismos que podem ser utilizados para manter esse tipo de pesquisa sob controle, mas é preciso que continue empenhado em desenvolver o senso ético, principalmente, dos seus futuros pesquisadores.
Parturition process in an amphibian mammal species: new evidences in South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis)
Authors: Franco-Trecu Valentina , García-Olazábal Mateo D. , Tassino Bettina , Acevedo Jorge
Published: February 2016

In mammals, the transition from a terrestrial to an aquatic environment has implied a great number of adaptations. While in terrestrial mammals the presentation of the foetus at birth is typically cephalic, in strictly aquatic mammals as cetaceans and sirenians the presentation of the foetus is mainly breech. The order Pinnipedia is the most recently evolved group of marine mammals and has an amphibian lifestyle. We document, for the first time, the parturition process in the largest breeding colony of the South American fur seal Arctocephalus australis in Uruguay and compare our results with the scarce information available for other species. The analysis of the parturition processes shows that the cephalic/breech birth ratio was 1. In this species, the presentation of the foetus did not affect the total duration of the parturition process, but the cephalic presentation implied a significantly lower duration of the stage 1 of birth, a trend that is also observed in other Otariid species. Phylogenetic reconstructions suggest that O. flavescens and E. jubatus are older than the Arctocephalus genus, having their most recent common ancestor dated between 5-5.8 mybp. Within the Arctocephalus genus, A. australis would be the most recent species (0.7 mybp). In this light, the skewed ratios of breech presentation in older otariids species may suggest a convergent adaptation toward the aquatic life. We hope this finding will promote an increase of studies aiming for a more detailed examination on the adaptive processes involved in the selection of both types of fetal presentations, and their potential effect on the survival of the pup.
Effects of sex and microhabitat structure on escape behaviour in the diurnal gecko Gonatodes albogularis
Authors: Domínguez-López Moisés E. , Diego-Rasilla Francisco J. , Ortega-León Ángela M.
Published: February 2016

Flight initiation distance is defined as the distance between a prey and an approaching predator when the prey starts to flee. Escape theory predicts that the optimal flight initiation distance is the distance where predation risk rises to the point at which it equals the cost of fleeing. Therefore, staying close to refuge and occupying microhabitats with more abundant shelters (i.e., crevices or shrubs) may allow lizards to have shorter flight initiation distance. By simulating an approaching predator, we studied the effect of microhabitat structural complexity on escape behaviour, in particular, the distance fled before stopping and final distance (predator-prey distance when the prey stops fleeing), of a small diurnal tropical gecko, the yellow-headed gecko Gonatodes albogularis inhabiting a tropical dry forest. The findings indicate that refuge abundance and distance to the nearest potential refuge influence escape behaviour of G. albogularis. In addition, we found sex differences in escape behaviour which are not explained by microhabitat use. Females had longer flight initiation distance but shorter distance fled, and longer final distances than males.
Scenic Depictions of Huizhou in Ming–Qing Literature
Authors: Zhu Wanshu
Published: February 2016

In the Ming through the Qing Dynasties, literary works captured Huizhou through scenic depictions of its mountains and rivers, villages, wealth, literary families, and portrayals of the local people. In these works, Huizhou men are described as virtuous, literary, and gallant while Huizhou women are often seen as knowledgeable, worldly, and industrious characters upholding the values of feudal society. By exploring such depictions of Huizhou, this article considers the way in which literary depictions correspond to historical reality, how scenes depicted in literature accord with the specific and various characteristics of a region, and the inextricable ties between scenic depictions in literature (wenxue tujing 文學圖景) and regional literature (diyu wenxue 地域文學).
Distance Makes the (Committed) Heart Grow Colder: MNEs’ Responses to the State Logic in African Variants of CSR
Authors: Reddy Colin David , Hamann Ralph
Published: February 2016

The question of how multinational enterprises (MNEs) respond to local corporate social responsibility (CSR) expectations remains salient, also in the context of many African governments’ attempts to define and regulate business responsibilities. What determines whether MNEs respond to such local, state-driven expectations as congruent with their global commitment to CSR? Adopting an institutional logics perspective, we argue that a higher global CSR commitment will lead to higher local responsiveness when regulatory distance is low, but it will lead to lower local responsiveness when regulatory distance is high. We find support for our hypothesis using data on 93 MNEs’ responses to the South African state’s Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment policy. We thus contribute to the global–local CSR literature and show how MNEs’ local CSR responsiveness will be shaped by not only the local context but also their home country and firm-internal environments.
The Protective Role of Religious Involvement in African American and Caribbean Black Adolescents’ Experiences of Racial Discrimination
Authors: Butler-Barnes Sheretta T. , Martin Pamela P. , Copeland-Linder Nikeea , Seaton Eleanor K. , Matusko Niki , Caldwell Cleopatra H. , Jackson James S.
Published: February 2016

For many Black adolescents, racial discrimination increases the risk of developing adverse psychological outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interrelationships among religious involvement, racial discrimination, and psychological outcomes among a nationally representative sample of African American adolescents and Caribbean Black adolescents from the National Survey of American Life. Multiple regression models were used to determine the interactive effects of religious involvement and racial discrimination experiences on Black adolescents’ psychological outcomes. Findings indicate that religious involvement was a protective factor for Caribbean Black adolescents but not African American youth. The implications of these findings underscore the varied roles of religious involvement for African American and Caribbean Black adolescents.
Noun-related morphosyntactic difficulties in specific language impairment across languages
Authors: Leonard Laurence B.
Published: February 2016

Noun-related morphosyntax has not been emphasized in the literature on children with specific language impairment (SLI), yet, across languages, problems in this area are quite apparent. This review is designed to highlight noun-related difficulties that seem to be especially troublesome for these children. A review of the research literature on children with SLI was conducted, including work on a wide range of languages. Children with SLI were found to have weaknesses greater than those of younger typically developing compatriots in such noun-related areas as articles, possessive inflections, full subject pronouns, agglutinating noun suffixes, and pronominal clitics. Factors seemingly responsible for these difficulties include prosody, case assignment, agreement, and both grammatical and phonological opacity. Each language reviewed provides evidence of serious problems with select noun-related morphemes in the speech of children with SLI. The emphasis in language assessment will necessarily have to vary across languages, not because children vary in their ability to overcome the obstacles that these factors present, but rather because the typology of a language will dictate the extent to which these factors are operative in the language.
Change Management in Hard Times
Authors: van der Voet Joris , Vermeeren Brenda
Published: February 2016

Public management research has paid little attention to the implementation processes through which public organizations implement cutbacks. In this study, we examine how the implementation of cutbacks is related to employees’ organizational commitment and work engagement in the Dutch public sector, and to what extent the use of change management practices may mitigate a negative relationship between cutbacks and these factors. The analysis of 6,066 employees indicates that cutbacks are negatively related to employee attitudes regarding their membership in their organization (organizational commitment), but not to attitudes regarding their work (work engagement). Moreover, although change management practices are only moderately applied in the implementation of cutbacks, the analysis indicates that these may partly alleviate the negative relationship between cutbacks and organizational commitment. The evidence presented in this study thus indicates that more attention should be given to the processes through which budget cutbacks are implemented in public organizations.
Effect of adiponectin-encoding gene ADIPOQ single nucleotide polymorphisms +45 and +276 on serum lipid levels after antiretroviral therapy in Japanese patients with HIV-1-infection
Authors: Kato Hideaki , Ohata Aya , Samukawa Sei , Ueda Atsuhisa , Ishigatsubo Yoshiaki
Published: February 2016

Objectives

To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin-encoding gene ADIPOQ and changes in serum lipid levels in HIV-1-infected patients after antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods

ART-naïve HIV-1-infected patients were recruited to this prospective analysis. SNP +45 and SNP +276 genotype was determined by direct sequencing. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to analyse the effects of genotype, and predisposing conditions on serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in the 4 months before and after ART initiation.

Results

The study enrolled 78 patients with HIV-1-infection (73 male, five female; age range 22–67 years). HIV-1 viral load ≥5 log10 copies/ml, baseline total cholesterol ≥160 mg/dl, and CD4+ lymphocyte count <200/µl were associated with increased serum total cholesterol levels after ART initiation. Protease inhibitor treatment and body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 were associated with increased triglyceride levels after ART initiation. There were no significant associations between SNP +45 or SNP +276 genotype and serum total cholesterol or triglyceride levels.

Conclusions

SNP +45 and SNP +276 genotype is not associated with changes in serum total cholesterol or triglyceride levels after ART initiation.
Does director trading change the information environment?
Authors: Chang Millicent , Qian Xiaolin , Yu Jing , See Yvonne
Published: February 2016

Investigating ASX300 firms for the period 2002–2010, we find that the information content of director trading has a negative relationship with post-trade information asymmetry, but a positive relationship with information efficiency. These results are mainly driven by director purchases rather than their sales, and are stronger in non-executive director trading. Our results are robust to the adoption of IFRS in 2005 and the global financial crisis in 2008. These findings back the claims of insider trading proponents, by showing that director trading plays a crucial role in reducing information asymmetry and in improving information efficiency for stock market participants.
The Ability of Men’s Lacrosse Helmets to Reduce the Dynamic Impact Response for Different Striking Techniques in Women’s Field Lacrosse
Authors: Clark J. Michio , Hoshizaki T. Blaine
Published: February 2016

Background:

Women’s field lacrosse is described as a noncontact game relying primarily on rules to decrease the risk of head injuries. Despite not allowing head contact, however, concussions continue to be reported in women’s field lacrosse.

Purpose:

To assess the ability of men’s lacrosse helmets to decrease linear and angular acceleration for different striking techniques in women’s field lacrosse.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A helmeted and unhelmeted Hybrid III 50th Percentile headform was attached to a Hybrid III neckform and were subjected to impacts by 8 striking techniques. Eleven athletic females completed 5 slashing techniques, while physical reconstruction equipment was used to simulate falls and shoulder and ball impacts to the head. Three trials were conducted for each condition, and peak resultant linear and angular accelerations of the headform were measured.

Results:

Falls produced the highest linear and angular acceleration, followed by ball and high-velocity stick impacts. Low-velocity stick impacts were found to produce the lowest linear and angular accelerations. Men’s lacrosse helmets significantly decreased linear and angular accelerations in all conditions, while unhelmeted impacts were associated with high accelerations.

Conclusion:

If women’s field lacrosse is played within the rules, only falls were found to produce high linear and angular acceleration. However, ball and high-velocity stick impacts were found to produce high linear and angular accelerations. These linear and angular accelerations were found to be within the ranges reported for concussion. When the game is not played within the rules, men’s lacrosse helmets provide an effective method of reducing linear and angular accelerations. Thus, women’s field lacrosse may be able to reduce the occurrence of high linear and angular acceleration impacts by having governing bodies improving rules, implementing the use of helmets, or both.

Clinical Relevance:

Identifying striking techniques that produce high linear and angular acceleration specific to women’s lacrosse and measuring the capacity of a men’s lacrosse helmet to reduce linear and angular acceleration.
Live Versus Video Observations
Authors: Curby Timothy W. , Johnson Price , Mashburn Andrew J. , Carlis Lydia
Published: February 2016

When conducting classroom observations, researchers are often confronted with the decision of whether to conduct observations live or by using pre-recorded video. The present study focuses on comparing and contrasting observations of live and video administrations of the Classroom Assessment Scoring System–PreK (CLASS-PreK). Associations between versions, mean differences, reliability, and predictive validity were examined. Results generally indicated high correlations between versions. Video codes were slightly lower on average than live codes. Reliability was generally acceptable in terms of Cronbach’s alpha, but multigroup confirmatory factor models suggested some differences between observation types. Finally, CLASS scores based on each observation type indicated some predictive validity of children’s academic achievement, but no observation type was uniformly better. The discussion focuses on why the codes might differ and the implications of those differences.
Financialization and value: why labour and the labour process still matter
Authors: Cushen Jean , Thompson Paul
Published: February 2016

Despite expanding literatures on financialization, scholarship exploring its relationship to labour and the labour process remains under-developed. A further obstacle has arisen from arguments that novel financialized modes of value extraction render the labour process and labour process analysis less relevant. This article challenges that view and explores how the labour process is still a vital focal point for value creation and extraction. It sets out what scholars should ‘look for’ to understand the ways in which distinctively financialized mechanisms operate in non-financial corporations and how these dynamics are translated into outcomes for and through labour. The article then provides four key propositions, drawing on labour process theory, which specify how those mechanisms are operationalized and their consequences.
Why do occupations dominated by women pay less? How ‘female-typical’ work tasks and working-time arrangements affect the gender wage gap among higher education graduates
Authors: Leuze Kathrin , Strauß Susanne
Published: February 2016

Even though women today constitute the majority of higher education graduates, they still earn considerably less than their male counterparts. Previous research demonstrates that occupational sex segregation is important for understanding the gender wage gap, since occupations dominated by women pay less; yet less is known about why this is the case. This article explores two possible mechanisms: the devaluation of ‘female-typical’ work tasks and working-time arrangements. Hypotheses are tested by applying OLS regression and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analyses to the log hourly wages of a representative sample of German higher education graduates from 2001. Results confirm that occupational overtime increases and occupational part-time work decreases wages, indicating that occupations dominated by women pay less due to their ‘female-typical’ working-time arrangements. However, inconsistent with the devaluation thesis, tasks like teaching/educating increase wages for women, too, which speaks against a general lower value of ‘female-typical’ tasks, at least among the highly qualified.
Advanced braking algorithm for robust longitudinal risk management
Authors: Lee Taeyoung , Kim Taewoo , Kim Beomjun , Yi Kyongsu , Lee Jaewan
Published: February 2016

This paper describes an advanced braking algorithm for robust longitudinal risk management to prevent or mitigate rear-end collisions. Since the proposed safety system works in conjunction with a human driver, the longitudinal safety system must be acceptable to the driver. The key to achieving this is to ensure that control signals are given at the appropriate time. In order to construct an suitable control system, a new longitudinal safety index was developed by using the time to collision and the warning index, which are well-known safety parameters in longitudinal safety control. The clearance and the relative velocity constitute essential signals for safety monitoring in longitudinal safety control. These measured sensor signals include the uncertainty in the measurement noise. To design a robust safety monitoring and control mode decision, information consisting of fusion of the measurement signals was obtained. In addition, an expected error range of the proposed safety index from the measurement noise can be defined from the covariance matrix of the Kalman filter and the deviation of the function of the new longitudinal safety index. The control performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated by analysis of the simulation results. From this analysis, it can be concluded that the proposed advanced braking algorithm can substantially enhance the longitudinal safety and can guarantee a robust performance with respect to the sensor uncertainty.
The design and development of a finger joint simulator
Authors: Joyce Thomas J
Published: February 2016

Artificial finger joints lack the long-term clinical success seen with hip and knee prostheses. In part, this can be explained by the challenges of rheumatoid arthritis, a progressive disease which attacks surrounding tissues as well as the joint itself. Therefore, the natural finger joints’ biomechanics are adversely affected, and consequently, this imbalance due to subluxing forces further challenges any prosthesis. Many different designs of finger prosthesis have been offered over a period of greater than 50 years. Most of these designs have failed, and it is likely that many of these failures could have been identified had the prostheses been appropriately tested prior to implantation into patients. While finger joint simulators have been designed, arguably only those from a single centre have been able to reproduce clinical-type failures of the finger prostheses tested in them. This article describes the design and development of a finger simulator at Durham University, UK. It explains and justifies the engineering decisions made and thus the evolution of the finger simulator. In vitro results and their linkage to clinical-type failures are outlined to help to show the effectiveness of the simulator. Failures of finger implants in vivo continue to occur, and the need for appropriate in vitro testing of finger prostheses remains strong.
La Guerre de Crimée n’aura pas lieu
Authors: Godfrey Sima
Published: February 2016

The Crimean War (1854–6) was, in the words of Eric Hobsbawn (2010), ‘the nearest thing to a general European war between 1815 and 1914’. Whereas it figures large in the national mythologies of Britain and Russia, in France it remains very much a footnote. This is despite the fact that it is the only nineteenth-century war the French ultimately won. But in the view of many, to quote Jules Michelet (1857), ‘La conquête du lama est dix fois plus importante que la conquête de Crimée.’ It would seem that the Crimean War has no place in the canon of culturally retained historical events that define modern French identity. Though news of the war in the contemporary press and popular literature was ubiquitous, it does not figure in the canonical literature of time. This paper considers how the Crimean War was and was not represented in French literature in the second half of the nineteenth-century.
Exploring Client Expectations in Marriage and Family Therapy
Authors: Heafner Joy , Kang Hyeseong , Ki Ppudah , Tambling Rachel B.
Published: February 2016

Expectations influence experiences and are an important factor in interpersonal exchanges. Within therapy, client expectations are a common factor contributing to client change. It is important for both clinicians and researchers to explore the breadth and nature of their clients’ expectations for treatment in order to provide personalized and effective care. Furthermore, client expectations may be predictive of client outcomes and thus may be a worthwhile target for intervention. Despite the importance of understanding client expectations, little research has been done on this topic in the field of marriage and family therapy. This may be due to a need for a robust measure for client expectations that goes beyond studying individual adult clients and which is also feasible to administer. This article provides information about existing measures in the mental health field and suggests guidelines for the development of a measure that would be appropriate for the field of marriage and family therapy.
Treating Transvestism
Authors: Gallo Mona
Published: February 2016

There are two goals for presenting this article. The first goal is to discuss transvestism or cross-dressing, the history of diagnosis and traditional treatment, cross-dresser’s fears, and counseling with nonconventional people. The second goal is to prepare counselor educators, counselors, and counseling supervisors by encouraging consideration for the cross-dressing client and encouraging discussions around a cross-dressing client’s fear pertaining to gender identity and gender expression and to improve the therapeutic practices with nontraditional gender identities and nontraditional gender expressions.
Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence and Corporal Punishment Among Former Soviet Union Immigrants in Israel
Authors: Enosh Guy , Leshem Elazar , Buchbinder Eli
Published: February 2016

The study regards attitudes of Russian immigrants in Israel toward wife abuse and corporal punishment. The sample consisted of 1,028 participants, based on a multistage cluster sampling. The study used a questionnaire related to immigration, acculturation, and attitudinal issues. The findings indicate a dual-causal model, in which corporal punishment attitudes contribute to wife abuse attitudes and vice versa. However, the effect of attitudes supporting corporal punishment was stronger than the effect of wife abuse attitudes, indicating that the attitudinal system as a precursor of violent behavior is already merging the two types of violence.
Exploring the Relationship Between Gender Violence and State Failure
Authors: Gould Laurie A. , Agnich Laura E.
Published: February 2016

The concept of state failure has only recently emerged in the political science and legal literature. Although state failure has been used to predict violent conflicts, and all citizens are affected by violence in failed/fragile states, women are especially at risk. Using data from the WomanStats project, this study’s findings reveal that the physical security of women is lower in failed/fragile states compared with more sustainable nations. The characteristics of failed states that increase the likelihood of various forms of violence against women are identified, including high levels of militarization, countries with neighboring states at war, and massive movement of refugees.
Development and Evaluation of a Rosacea Screening Instrument (Rosascreen)
Authors: Tan Jerry , Leyden James , Cribier Bernard , Audibert Fabien , Kerrouche Nabil , Berg Mats ,   on behalf of the RISG Committee
Published: February 2016

Background:

There are no current instruments to facilitate population screening for rosacea.

Objective:

To develop and evaluate a screening instrument for rosacea applicable for population surveys.

Methods:

A rosacea-specific screening instrument (Rosascreen), consisting of a subject-completed questionnaire and screening algorithm, was developed based on current diagnostic criteria for rosacea. Three iterations were pilot tested and refined for clarity and sensitivity in adult outpatients with and without rosacea.

Results:

Three subject groups were consecutively evaluated with iterations of the questionnaire at each centre (overall N = 121). The final version had a sensitivity of 93% to 100% for key diagnostic criteria, and use of the algorithm had a sensitivity of 100% for detection of rosacea and specificity of 63% to 71%. Most subjects found the questionnaire easy to understand and complete.

Conclusion:

Rosascreen, a subject-completed questionnaire and diagnostic algorithm, is a highly sensitive screening instrument that may facilitate estimation of rosacea prevalence in general populations.
Rationale and Argument for Subunit Mohs Excision in Nasal Reconstruction
Authors: Jergensen Zachary R. , Pezeshk Ronnie A. , Thornton James F.
Published: February 2016

Background:

Optimal aesthetic results are achieved when nasal defects after Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) are reconstructed as entire nasal subunits.

Objective:

To illustrate the importance of reconstructing the nose in entire subunits and explore the possibilities of expanding the principles of subunit reconstruction to the concept of subunit Mohs excision.

Methods:

An 83-year-old man presented for MMS to excise 3 lesions on the nasal ala. The surgeons elected to excise and reconstruct the entire subunit.

Results:

Excellent aesthetic and functional results were obtained.

Conclusion:

When a defect greater than 50% of a nasal subunit is encountered during MMS, immediate marginal control excision of the entire subunit can be performed with subsequent reconstruction. This technique ultimately has the potential to deliver a more aesthetically pleasing outcome and should be, at the very least, considered by all Mohs surgeons.
Field study on non-invasive and non-destructive condition assessment for asbestos cement pipelines by time-domain fluid transient analysis
Authors: Gong Jinzhe , Lambert Martin , Zecchin Aaron , Simpson Angus , Arbon Nicole , Kim Young-il
Published: February 2016

Asbestos cement pipelines constitute a significant portion of the potable and waste water systems in many countries in the world, including Australia. Most of the asbestos cement pipes in the developed countries were installed before 1980, and many utilities are observing that the breakage rate is increasing with the ageing of the pipe. Condition assessment for asbestos cement pipes is of important necessity for prioritising rehabilitation and preventing catastrophic pipe failure; however, few techniques are available for direct assessment of the condition of asbestos cement pipes and most of them are localised and destructive. This article outlines a pilot field study of the non-invasive and non-destructive condition assessment of asbestos cement pipelines using fluid transient pressure waves. Fluid transient analysis previously conducted by the authors for metallic pipelines is further developed and adapted to asbestos cement pipes for the detection of localised defects. A new sub-sectional condition assessment technique is proposed for determining the effective wall thicknesses of asbestos cement sub-sections within a section of pipe bounded by two measurement points. A field trial is conducted in Australia on an asbestos cement water main (which has class changes with varying wall thicknesses) to verify the proposed techniques. The wave speeds, lengths and wall thicknesses of sub-sections in different classes are determined and the results are consistent with the information in the design drawings provided by the water utility. This field study, for the first time, verifies that controlled fluid transient waves can be used as a tool for non-invasive and non-destructive condition assessment of asbestos cement pipelines.
Correction of Bowtie-Filter Normalization and Crescent Artifacts for a Clinical CBCT System
Authors: Zhang Hong , Kong Vic , Huang Ke , Jin Jian-Yue
Published: February 2016

Purpose:

To present our experiences in understanding and minimizing bowtie-filter crescent artifacts and bowtie-filter normalization artifacts in a clinical cone beam computed tomography system.

Methods:

Bowtie-filter position and profile variations during gantry rotation were studied. Two previously proposed strategies (A and B) were applied to the clinical cone beam computed tomography system to correct bowtie-filter crescent artifacts. Physical calibration and analytical approaches were used to minimize the norm phantom misalignment and to correct for bowtie-filter normalization artifacts. A combined procedure to reduce bowtie-filter crescent artifacts and bowtie-filter normalization artifacts was proposed and tested on a norm phantom, CatPhan, and a patient and evaluated using standard deviation of Hounsfield unit along a sampling line.

Results:

The bowtie-filter exhibited not only a translational shift but also an amplitude variation in its projection profile during gantry rotation. Strategy B was better than strategy A slightly in minimizing bowtie-filter crescent artifacts, possibly because it corrected the amplitude variation, suggesting that the amplitude variation plays a role in bowtie-filter crescent artifacts. The physical calibration largely reduced the misalignment-induced bowtie-filter normalization artifacts, and the analytical approach further reduced bowtie-filter normalization artifacts. The combined procedure minimized both bowtie-filter crescent artifacts and bowtie-filter normalization artifacts, with Hounsfield unit standard deviation being 63.2, 45.0, 35.0, and 18.8 Hounsfield unit for the best correction approaches of none, bowtie-filter crescent artifacts, bowtie-filter normalization artifacts, and bowtie-filter normalization artifacts + bowtie-filter crescent artifacts, respectively. The combined procedure also demonstrated reduction of bowtie-filter crescent artifacts and bowtie-filter normalization artifacts in a CatPhan and a patient.

Conclusion:

We have developed a step-by-step procedure that can be directly used in clinical cone beam computed tomography systems to minimize both bowtie-filter crescent artifacts and bowtie-filter normalization artifacts.
Implementing a Delight Strategy in a Restaurant Setting
Authors: Barnes Donald C. , Meyer Tracy , Kinard Brian R.
Published: February 2016

Identifying specific initiatives that can be undertaken by frontline employees to enhance customer delight is of great interest to service firms. In the hopes of contributing to this objective, the current research evaluates the impact of server recommendations on customer delight. Findings indicate that unsolicited server recommendations have a significant positive impact on customer delight. Moreover, the research provides no evidence to suggest that repercussions will result for the service provider even if the provision of an unsolicited recommendation leads to a negative outcome. The mediating role of expectations is examined to gain a better understanding of these recommendation effects. Consistent with self-fulfilling prophecy, the results reveal that customers are capable of experiencing delight even in heightened pre-experience expectation situations. These results provide evidence that the pursuance of customer delight as a strategic objective may warrant additional consideration.
Applying for research funding. Part 2 – Writing a grant application
Authors: Nelson Adam W , Lamb Alastair D , Gnanapragasam Vincent J
Published: February 2016

Objective: The process of writing a grant application can be challenging. In this article we summarise key aspects of the process including when to begin, whom to submit to and how to construct a research hypothesis. It is intended that this article will be a useful resource for individuals seeking to embark on research as part of a higher degree.
Measuring autocratic regime stability
Authors: Wright Joseph , Bak Daehee
Published: February 2016

Researchers measure regime stability in autocratic contexts using a variety of data sources that capture distinct concepts. Often this research uses concepts developed for the study of democratic politics, such as leadership change or institutionalized authority, to construct measures of regime breakdown in non-democratic contexts. This article assesses whether the measure a researcher chooses influences the results they obtain by examining data on executive leadership, political authority, and autocratic regimes. We illustrate the conceptual differences between these variables by extending recent studies in the literature on the political consequences of non-tax revenue and unearned foreign income.
Large B-cell transformation in nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: 40-year experience from a single institution
Authors: Kenderian Saad Sirop , Habermann Thomas M. , Macon William R. , Ristow Kay M. , Ansell Stephen M. , Colgan Joseph P. , Johnston Patrick B. , Inwards David J. , Markovic Svetomir N. , Micallef Ivana N. , Thompson Carrie A. , Porrata Luis F. , Martenson James A. , Witzig Thomas E. , Nowakowski Grzegorz S.
Published: February 2016

Key Points

The risk of transformation of NLPHL to DLBCL is 0.74 per 100 patient-years of follow-up. Risk factors for transformation include prior exposure to chemotherapy and splenic involvement at time of diagnosis.
Bleomycin in older early-stage favorable Hodgkin lymphoma patients: analysis of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) HD10 and HD13 trials
Authors: Böll Boris , Goergen Helen , Behringer Karolin , Bröckelmann Paul J. , Hitz Felicitas , Kerkhoff Andrea , Greil Richard , von Tresckow Bastian , Eichenauer Dennis A. , Bürkle Carolin , Borchmann Sven , Fuchs Michael , Diehl Volker , Engert Andreas , Borchmann Peter
Published: February 2016

Key Points

Two cycles of ABVD or AVD were equally tolerable in older early-stage favorable HL patients. Excessive toxicity including severe bleomycin-induced lung toxicity occurred in older HL patients receiving 4 cycles of ABVD.
A multimodal discourse analysis of the textual and logical relations in marketing texts written by international undergraduate students
Authors: Alyousef Hesham Suleiman
Published: February 2016

Thematic progression and the composition of information value contribute to the development of well-structured meaningful text. Discourse-based research of the textual features has been confined to language learning and workplace contexts, and in particular advertising and marketing research. However, no published study has explored and analysed the multimodal textual and the logic-semantic features in tertiary marketing texts. This case study employed a Systemic Functional Multimodal Discourse Analysis (SF-MDA) to investigate and compare thematic progression patterns and composition of information value in five business marketing plan reports. It also aimed to investigate the logico–semantic expansions between the visual semiotic resources and the text surrounding them. The SF-MDA of the marketing plan texts is underpinned by Halliday’s (1994) systemic functional linguistics, Kress and van Leeuwen’s (1996) composition of information value and Martinec and Salway’s (2005) system for multimodal discourse analysis of logico–semantic relations. The findings of the SF-MDA revealed the extensive use of Theme reiteration pattern, followed by linear thematic progression pattern. Although multiple-Theme pattern was minimally employed, disciplinary-specific uses of this pattern in marketing discourse emerged. The findings suggest that the students have managed professional workplace practices by showing their understandings of marketing as part of overall business management. A number of other interesting findings related to textual and logico–semantic relations that exist between the tables and the graphs and the accompanying text were revealed. The SF-MDA of informational choices in the marketing texts extends Kress and van Leeuwen’s (1996) functional interpretations of visual artefacts in terms of compositional zones. As the intersemiotic logic-semantic relations between graphs and tables and the orthographic texts surrounding them play a vital role in marketing discourse, tutors can introduce ways of expanding the meaning-making potential in these semiotic resources. Other pedagogical implications for the teaching and learning of writing are presented, particularly in the teaching of English for Business students.
Toward a closed loop from seismic imaging to earth-model building
Authors: Li Yunyue Elita , Biondi Biondo , Nichols Dave , Clapp Robert
Published: February 2016

Velocity-model building is the first task of seismic inversion and the foundation of the subsequent data-processing workflow. When the earth velocity becomes multivalued with respect to the propagating direction of the waves, velocity-model building becomes severely underdetermined and nonunique. The traditional workflow separates velocity-model building from lithologic inversion, which hampers both processing steps. An integrated model-building scheme is demonstrated to simultaneously consider prestack seismic data and its structural and lithologic inversion results from a previous iteration. The prestack seismic inversion is performed using wave-equation migration velocity analysis (WEMVA) for vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) models. To constrain the seismic inversion, the geologic information is integrated as spatial-model correlations, and the rock-physics information as lithologic-model correlations. This feedback step completes the loop from seismic imaging to lithologic-model building, where previous rock-physics estimations and geologic interpretations can be validated further and updated in order to constrain the next WEMVA iteration. Improvements from the integrated inversion scheme are shown on a Gulf of Mexico field data set.
SEG hits high note with Annual Meeting in New Orleans
Authors: Blythe Natalie
Published: February 2016

“The Big Easy” was abuzz with all things geoscience when SEG descended upon the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center for its International Exposition and 85th Annual Meeting 18–23 October in New Orleans, Louisiana. Dubbed SEG 2015, the Annual Meeting built upon several successful initiatives from last year's event in Denver to create an unforgettable six-day experience. SEG 2015 received strong support from the 6,488 attendees who traveled from 71 different countries despite the downturn in the industry.