bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REFORMULASI HUBUNGAN AGAMA DENGAN NEGARA: DIALOG PEMIKIRAN YUSUF AL-QARDHAWY DENGAN ULAMA KLASIK TENTANG POLITIK KENEGARAAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI PERPOLITIKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mashudi Mashudi
Published: June 2016

This research describes the formulation want state politics and religious ties with the country according to Yusuf al-Ulama Qardhawy and Classical. The results of the analysis of their thinking as outlined in his works, can be explained that Yusuf al-Qardhawy reformulate the concept of the relationship between religion and the state as well as the state political through and isti'ab syumuli method, a problem of how to resolve the impasse in state politics as well as the relationship between religion and state product classical scholars thought. Reformulation of the concept of the relationship between religion and the state is the solution to the stagnation (stagnation) patterns of thought classical scholars. The concept of state politics by Yusuf al-Ulama Classical Qardhawy and there are points in common with the Indonesian state politics in the context of the present though not totally, so that some can be implemented to control the practice of politics in Indonesia lately away from religious ethics.

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Penelitian ini ingin menjelaskan formulasi politik kenegaraan dan hubungan agama dengan negara menurut Yusuf al-Qardhawy dan Ulama Klasik. Hasil analisis dari pemikiran mereka yang dituangkan dalam karya-karyanya, dapat dijelaskan bahwa Yusuf al-Qardhawy mereformulasi konsep hubungan agama dan negara serta politik kenegaraan tersebut melalui metode shumulī dan isti’ab, suatu cara menyelesaikan kebuntuan problematika politik kenegaraan serta hubungan agama dan negara produk pemikiran ulama klasik. Reformulasi konsep hubungan agama dan Negara tersebut merupakan solusi atas stagnasi (ke­jumud­an) corak pemikiran ulama klasik. Secara teoritis, konsep politik kenegaraan menurut Yusuf al-Qardhawy dan Ulama Klasik terdapat titik kesamaan dengan politik kenegaraan Indonesia dalam konteks sekarang meskipun tidak secara total, sehingga sebagian dapat diimplementasikan untuk mengendalikan praktik perpolitikan di Indonesia yang akhir-akhir ini jauh dari etika agama.
PEACEFUL JIHĀD DAN PENDIDIKAN DERADIKALISASI AGAMA
Authors: Sulasman Sulasman
Published: June 2016

The Islamic Boarding School (Pondok Pesantren) Miftahul Huda was originatelly identical with the radicalism movement not only because of its exclusivism in religious activities, the criticism  toward the government, but also the identification of its members with DI/TII movement and FPI. In line with internal and external dynamics, this boarding school reoriented its movement from physical jihād  to the path of education and peaceful dakwah or in Lukens-Bull’s perspective it is so-called peaceful jihād. The process of self-domestication and the movement of de-radicalization in this boarding was executed by six ways. They are internalizing the values of boarding school, increasing the Islamic perspective, adopting schools system, providing the education of hubb al-waṭan, using local wisdom, and developing skill education. The strategy of de­-radicalization applied by Miftahul Huda Islamic Boarding School is divided into three efforts; preventive de-radicalization, preservative de-radicalization, and curative de-radicalization. The results was shown that the students, alumni, and the boarding schools incorporated in Miftahul Huda Islamic boarding school networking system that appears in peace, moderate, and tolerance appearance.

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Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda semula identik dengan gerakan “radikal” baik karena pandangan eksklusivismenya dalam beragama, kritisisme terhadap Pemerintah, maupun karena keidentikkan beberapa personalnya dengan gerakan DI/TII dan FPI. Sejalan dengan dinamika internal dan eksternal, pondok pe­santren ini pun mereorientasi gerakannya dari jihād fisik ke jalur pendidikan dan dakwah damai atau dalam perspektif Lukens-Bull dikenal sebagai jihad damai (peaceful jihād). Proses menjinakkan diri dan gerakannya, yang dikenal dengan deradikalisasi, dilalui oleh pondok pesantren ini dengan enam cara, yakni inter­nali­sasi nilai-nilai pesantren, perluasan perspektif keislaman, adopsi sistem sekolah, pendidikan hubb al-waṭan, penggunaan local wisdom, dan pendidikan keterampilan. Upaya deradikalisasi yang dilakukan Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda berkisar pada tiga strategi, yakni pencegahan, pemeliharaan budaya damai, dan pemulihan bagi yang terdampak radikal. Hasilnya, para santri, alumni, dan pesantren yang tergabung dalam sistem jaringan Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda muncul dalam wajah damai, moderat, dan toleran.

 
PERTEMANAN SEBAYA SEBAGAI ARENA PENDIDIKAN DERADIKALISASI AGAMA
Authors: Yusar Yusar
Published: June 2016

This article was an endeavor to describe the arena of the education which aim to de-radicalization, specially among the youth with their peer group. In many cases, the youth is the main target of the radicalism and they were often exploited for the radical movement. In previous researches, the concept of the peer group are rarely considered. Data collected based on several observations in the exper­iments with the artificial scene of daily life. The youth found their way to show their awareness on the religious radical movement. In some empirical inves­ti­gations, this article might offers the theoretical framework of peers that may be constructed to study the de-radicalization of religious movement. In the peer life, it was built the force to control the members not to join the radical movement. This article may provide a new approach in terms of  education for de-radicalization of religious movement.

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Artikel ini merupakan upaya untuk menggambarkan arena pendidikan yang ber­tujuan untuk deradikalisasi, khususnya di antara kaum muda dengan kelompok sebaya mereka. Dalam banyak kasus, pemuda adalah sasaran utama radikalisme dan mereka sering dilakukan untuk gerakan radikal. Dalam penelitian se­belum­nya, konsep dari kelompok sebaya jarang dipertimbangkan. Data dikumpulkan ber­dasarkan beberapa pengamatan dalam eksperimen dalam adegan buatan kehidupan sehari-hari. Pemuda menemukan jalan mereka untuk memberikan tanda kesadaran gerakan radikal agama. Pada beberapa penyelidikan empiris, artikel ini dapat menawarkan kerangka teoritis teman sebaya yang mungkin dibangun untuk mempelajari deradikalisasi gerakan keagamaan. Dalam ke­hidup­an teman sebaya, dibangun kekuatan untuk mengendalikan anggota untuk tidak bergabung dengan gerakan radikal. Artikel ini dapat memberikan pen­dekatan baru dalam pendidikan istilah untuk deradikalisasi gerakan keagamaan.
ISLAMIC SCIENCE, NATURE AND HUMAN BEINGS: A DISCUSSION ON ZIAUDDIN SARDAR'S THOUGHTS
Authors: Sa’dan Masthuriyah
Published: June 2016

Currently the development of western science has been very advanced. However, the development of western science only concerns towards big profits without any consideration about the side effects of science development itself. The western science has marginalized the aspects of metaphysics and theology so that the western science arises materialistic characteristics for human beings, ecological damage, and disharmonic situations between nature and human. This writing discussed Ziauddin Sardar thoughts about Islamic science applying descriptive analysis approach. In Sardar’s thoughts, Muslim community must not follow western science; nevertheless, Muslim community may have Islamic science, having the Islamic characteristic and value. The characteristics of Islamic science cannot be separated from the ten parameters such as tawḥīd, khilāfah, ’ibādah, ’ilm, ḥalāl, ḥarām, ’adl, ẓulm, istiṣlāḥ and diyā’.

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Pada era sekarang ini perkembangan sains telah mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat. Namun kemajuan sains hanya mengambil keuntungan sebesar-besarnya, tanpa memikirkan dampak dari perkembangan sains itu sendiri. Sains telah memarginalkan sisi metafisika dan teologi sehingga sains Barat me­nimbul­kan sifat materialistis bagi manusia, kerusakan ekologi, dan ketidak­harmonisan antara alam dan manusia. Tulisan ini mengkaji pemikiran Ziauddin Sardar tentang sains Islam dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Dalam pandangan Sardar, masyarakat Muslim tidak harus mengekor sains Barat, akan tetapi masyarakat Muslim bisa memiliki sains sebagai karakteristik sains yang bercorak dan bernilai Islam yakni sains Islam. Adapun karaketeristik sains Islam tidak lepas dari sepuluh parameter yang meliputi tawḥīd, khilāfah, ’ibādah, ’ilm, ḥalāl, ḥarām, ’adl, ẓulm, istiṣlāḥ dan diyā’.
PESANTREN SAINS: EPISTEMOLOGY OF ISLAMIC SCIENCE IN TEACHING SYSTEM
Authors: Yusuf Mohamad Yasin
Published: June 2016

Muslims around the world mostly was under the domination of the West in the mastery of science and technology. Establishing educational institutions that are based on science and technology is one of the ways to solve the problem.This study had the purpose to examine the epistemology of science in the teaching system in SMA Trensains boarding school Tebuireng Jombang. Applying the method of field research through qualitative approach and philosophical analyses, this study revealed that SMA Trensains Tebuireng Jombang applied "Islamic Science" in which science is constructed based on the revelation of God. It is meant that in Islamic epistemology, revelation and the Sunnah are the sources which are inspiring for building sciences. It is hoped that the building the Islamic epistemology of science will bear pious Muslim generation in religious field and proficient in science and technology, and it will impact to the glory of Islamic civilization in the future.

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Pada umumnya, umat Islam di dunia ini berada di bawah dominasi Barat dalam penguasaan ilmu dan teknologi. Pendirian lembaga pendidikan yang didasarkan pada ilmu dan teknologi merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti epistemologi ilmu dalam sistem pengajaran di SMA Trensains di pondok Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan dan dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif serta analisis filosofis, kajian ini menemukan bahwa SMA Trensains Tebuireng Jombang menerapkan Sains Islam, di mana ilmu dibangun berdasar wahyu Tuhan. Maksudnya adalah bahwa dalam epistemologi Islam wahyu dan sunnah adalah sumber yang memberikan inspirasi bagi pembangunan ilmu pengetahuan. Diharapkan pembangunan epistemologi Islam untuk ilmu penge­tahuan akan melahirkan generasi Muslim yang shalih dalam bidang agama dan ahli dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, yang pada gilirannya akan memberikan dampak bagi kejayaan peradaban Islam di masa yang akan datang.
UNITY OF SCIENCES ACCORDING TO AL-GHAZALI
Authors: Muhaya Abdul
Published: June 2016

The dichotomy of sciences caused both the positive and negative effects for development of civilizations; such as poverty, economic colonialism and dehumanization. Therefore, the unity of sciences is an interesting and important to be discussed for developing a new and prosperous civilization. This paper discussed the unity of sciences according to Imam al-Ghazali (d. 1111) and its urgency to the issue of human life. For al-Ghazali, science must be unified in the aspects of ontology, epistemology, and axiology. These three aspects of knowledge united in one entity; such as three angles in a triangle. From the pespective of ontology, knowledge comes from God and cannot be separated from God, so all sciences are commendable. Epistemologically, the nature of science is the light coming from the illumination light of God. Science can be obtained by optimizing the function of reason and through revelation or inspiration. The validity of science is depended on how and sources used to obtain it. Knowledge is not for knowledge, but knowledge for human prosperity. To realize the concept of the unity of sciences it is needed a hard work, patience and many-stage processes; namely equal treatment on scientific and religious knowledge, dialogue, integration and interconnection between science and the end is the unity of sciences..

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Dikhotomi ilmu pengetahuan mengakinatkan efek positif dan negatif bagi per­kembangan peradaban, seperti kemiskinankolonialisme ekonomi, dan de­humani­sasi. Oleh karena itu kesatuan ilmu menarik dan penting untuk didiskusikan untuk pengembangan peradaban yang baru dan sejahtera. Tulisan ini membahas tentang kesatuan ilmu menurut Imam al-Ghazali (w. 1111) serta arti pentingnya bagi kehidupan manusia. Menurut Ghazali ilmu harus disatukan dalam suatu kesatuan; seperti halnya tiga sudut dalam sebuah segitiga. Dari perspektif ontologi, pengetahuan berasal dari Tuhan dan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari Tuhan, sehingga semua ilmu. Secara epistemologi, hakikat ilmu adalah cahaya yang berasal dari cahaya Tuhan. Ilmu dapat diperoleh dengan mengoptimalkan fungsi akal serta melalui wahyu atau inspirasi. Validitas ilmu tergantung pada cara serta sumber yang digunakan untuk memperolehnya. Untuk merealisasikan konsep kesatuan ilmu dibutuhkan kerja keras, kesabaran, dan proses yang bertahap; yaitu perlakuan sama terhadap ilmu pengetahuan dan ilmu agama, dialog, integrasi dan interkoneksi antara ilmu dan akhirnya adalah kesatuan ilmu.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCES IN AL-QUR'AN PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Soleha Soleha , Adrian Adrian
Published: June 2016

This research applied the method of interpretation and bi ’l-ra'y approach. It tried to reinvent the spirit of the Qur'an and Hadith to push humankind to develop science integratively and to make it beneficial for human beings and nature. The research confirmed that human beings as khalīfah fi ’l-arḍ, was given the right and freedom to explore what is on this earth and its contents with all its potential. Even in the Qur'an, Allah has made available all materials for the development of science, al ayah al-kawniyyah verses. Al-Qur'an as a resource of knowledge in Islam stated that one of the advantages human beings from the others is that they were endowed reason to search and explore science for the progress of human beings.

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Penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode interpretasi dan pendekatan bi ’l-ra'y, mencoba untuk menciptakan kembali semangat Qur'an dan Hadits untuk men­dorong manusia untuk mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan secara integratif dan membantu untuk manusia dan alam. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa manusia sebagai khalīfah fi ’l-arḍ, diberi hak dan kebebasan untuk dieksplorasi apa yang ada di bumi ini dan isinya dengan semua potensinya. Bahkan dalam al-Qur'an Allah telah menyediakan bahan-bahan untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, yang tentunya di sisi lain dengan ayat kawniyyah. Al-Qur'an sebagai sumber pengetahuan dalam Islam yang menyatakan bahwa salah satu keuntungan manusia dibandingkan makhluk yang lain adalah diberikan pikiran untuk men­cari dan mengeksplorasi ilmu pengetahuan untuk kemajuan manusia.
Modified Weaver-Dunn Procedure Versus The Use of Semitendinosus Autogenous Tendon Graft for Acromioclavicular Joint Reconstruction
Authors: Hegazy Galal , Safwat Hesham , Seddik Mahmoud , Al-shal Ehab A. , El-Sebaey Ibrahim , Negm Mohamed
Published: June 2016

Background:

The optimal operative method for acromioclavicular joint reconstruction remains controversial. The modified Weaver-Dunn method is one of the most popular methods. Anatomic reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligaments with autogenous tendon grafts, widely used in treating chronic acromioclavicular joint instability, reportedly diminishes pain, eliminates sequelae, and improves function as well as strength.

Objective:

To compare clinical and radiologic outcomes between a modified Weaver-Dunn procedure and an anatomic coracoclavicular ligaments reconstruction technique using autogenous semitendinosus tendon graft.

Methods:

Twenty patients (mean age, 39 years) with painful, chronic Rockwood type III acromioclavicular joint dislocations were subjected to surgical reconstruction. In ten patients, a modified Weaver-Dunn procedure was performed, in the other ten patients; autogenous semitendinosus tendon graft was used. The mean time between injury and the index procedure was 18 month (range from 9 – 28). Clinical evaluation was performed using the Oxford Shoulder Score and Nottingham Clavicle Score after a mean follow-up time of 27.8 months. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were compared.

Results:

In the Weaver-Dunn group the Oxford Shoulder Score improved from 25±4 to 40±2 points. While the Nottingham Clavicle Score increased from 48±7 to 84±11. In semitendinosus tendon graft group, the Oxford Shoulder Score improved from 25±3 points to 50±2 points and the Nottingham Clavicle Score from 48±8 points to 95±8, respectively.

Conclusion:

Acromioclavicular joint reconstruction using the semitendinosus tendon graft achieved better Oxford Shoulder Score and Nottingham Clavicle Score compared to the modified Weaver-Dunn procedure.
Increased production of tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium strain M36 by the response surface method
Authors: Valipour Ebrahim , Arikan Burhan
Published: June 2016

The bacterial enzyme tyrosinase, with its high oxidizing capacity, can be
applied in phenolic biotransformation, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and textile
industries. In this research, a native Bacillus sp.-producing tyrosinase was
isolated from a soil sample. The strain was identified by morphological,
biochemical and molecular tests using bioinformatics analysis, and was named
Bacillus megaterium strain M36. According to the blast analysis of 16S rDNA
(1434 bp), the strain showed 99% identity with Bacillus megaterium DSM319.
The production of tyrosinase from the isolated strain was optimized by
classic and response surface methods (RSM). The optimal conditions for
tyrosinase production by the strain were determined to be as follow: growth
temperature 36?C, pH of medium 7.0, incubation time 16 h, with medium
containing 0.4 mg/mL L-tyrosine, 0.05% yeast extract, 0.423% tryptone, 3.4%
NaCl and 148.4 ?M CuSO4. Results of experiments performed under the
optimized condition showed an actual yield of 0.522 IU of enzyme, while the
result under the initial conditions using basal medium (before optimization)
gave 0.0312 IU of enzyme (16.7-fold increase). SDS-PAGE analysis showed that
the tyrosinase enzyme from Bacillus megaterium strain M36 is about 34 kDa.
Enhanced sorption of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution by ionic liquid impregnated nano-silica and nano-alumina particles
Authors: Gizli Nilay , Arabacı Merve
Published: June 2016

In this study, the improvement of the Cu (II) ion sorption performance of nano- -silica and nano-alumina particles was investigated by the impregnation of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide [Emim+Tf2N-] ionic liquid (IL). The immobilization process of IL was achieved via the ultrasound-assisted physical impregnation method. The structural and morphological characterization of the adsorbents was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The thermal stability of the ionic liquid impregnated nanoparticles was also characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of the loading ratio (LR) and the sonication time (tD) on the sorption performance of the modified nanoparticles were investigated. The efficient adsorption was obtained by using the particles containing IL at the loading ratio (mL-IL/g-part) of 0.5:1. And the optimum value for the sonication time was chosen as 15 min in ethanol media. The sorption performances of the nanoparticles were enhanced by impregnation up to 92% in the aqueous media. The sorption equilibrium behaviour of the modified nanoparticles was also evaluated. The experimental data indicated that the equilibrium behaviour was in line with the Langmuir sorption isotherms.
Education Versus Family
Authors: Colaner Anna C.
Published: June 2016

Non-parental arrangements for young children serve a dual function as supports for parental activities and educational inputs for children. However, arrangements that are suited to meet families’ specific needs and preferences are sometimes in tension with experts’ definitions of “quality.” Researchers and policymakers increasingly emphasize that educational goals cannot be met until this tension is reconciled. I offer new institutionalism as a conceptual framework for these emerging conversations and propose two ideal-typical institutional logics: the logic of the family and the logic of education. This perspective emphasizes that different expectations and goals are related to individuals’ differing social and institutional locations. Secondary analyses of the National Institute of Child Health and Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) data offer preliminary empirical evidence.
Estimating the Effect of State Zero Tolerance Laws on Exclusionary Discipline, Racial Discipline Gaps, and Student Behavior
Authors: Curran F. Chris
Published: June 2016

Zero tolerance discipline policies have come under criticism as contributors to racial discipline gaps; however, few studies have explicitly examined such policies. This study utilizes data from two nationally representative data sources to examine the effect of state zero tolerance laws on suspension rates and principal perceptions of problem behaviors. Utilizing state and year fixed effects models, this study finds that state zero tolerance laws are predictive of a 0.5 percentage point increase in district suspension rates and no consistent decreases in principals’ perceptions of problem behaviors. Furthermore, the results indicate that the laws are predictive of larger increases in suspension rates for Blacks than Whites, potentially contributing to the Black–White suspension gap. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Efficacy of a coaxial system with a compliant balloon catheter for navigation of the Penumbra reperfusion catheter in tortuous arteries: technique and case experience
Authors: Takahira Kazuki , Kataoka Taketo , Ogino Tatsuya , Endo Hideki , Nakamura Hirohiko
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

The authors describe a method by which they easily and atraumatically navigate a large-bore reperfusion catheter of the Penumbra system to an embolus by using a coaxial system with a compliant balloon catheter in patients with tortuous arteries.

METHODS

A retrospective review of the prospective endovascular database was performed to identify cases in which a coaxial system with a compliant balloon catheter (Scepter C, MicroVention/Terumo; or TransForm C, Stryker Neurovascular) and a large-bore reperfusion catheter of the Penumbra system (Penumbra, Inc.) was used. The authors achieved a stable guiding sheath position and delivered the coaxial system with a compliant balloon catheter and a large-bore reperfusion catheter. Then, the balloon was inflated somewhat when the distal tip of the balloon was slightly advanced from the tip of the reperfusion catheter, and together the coaxial system was advanced to an embolus over a 0.014-in guidewire, even around the corner. When the distal tip of the balloon catheter reached the embolus, the authors deflated the balloon and navigated the large-bore reperfusion catheter to the embolus. Finally, the aspiration of the embolus with the Penumbra MAX pump was begun.

RESULTS

Between May 2014 and September 2015, the authors used this technique in 17 cases: 16 cases of middle cerebral artery occlusion (including 5 cases of internal carotid artery occlusion) and 1 case of basilar artery occlusion (age range 36–88 years, mean age 74.7 years, 13 men). For the reperfusion catheter of the Penumbra system, the 5MAX ACE was used in 15 cases, and the 5MAX was used in 2 cases. As a compliant balloon catheter, the Scepter C was used in 16 cases, and the TransForm C was used in 1 case. The technique was successful in 16 cases (94.1%). No parent artery dissections were noted in any cases. Catheter-induced vasospasm was noted in 1 case, but the vasospasm was transient.

CONCLUSIONS

A coaxial system with a compliant balloon catheter can help safely and easily to navigate the large-bore reperfusion catheter of the Penumbra system to an embolus in patients with tortuous arteries.
Performance Evaluation of a Helical Coil Heat Exchanger Working under Supercritical Conditions in a Solar Organic Rankine Cycle Installation
Authors: Lazova Marija , Huisseune Henk , Kaya Alihan , Lecompte Steven , Kosmadakis George , De Paepe Michel
Published: June 2016

Worldwide interest in low grade heat valorization using organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technologies has increased significantly. A new small-scale ORC with a net capacity of 3 kW was efficiently integrated with a concentrated solar power technology for electricity generation. The excess heat source from Photovoltaic (PV) collectors with a maximum temperature of 100 °C was utilized through a supercritical heat exchanger that uses R-404A as working medium. By ensuring supercritical heat transfer leads to a better thermal match in the heat exchanger and improved overall cycle efficiency. A helical coil heat exchanger was designed by using heat transfer correlations from the literature. These heat transfer correlations were derived for different conditions than ORCs and their estimated uncertainty is ~20%. In order to account for the heat transfer correlation uncertainties this component was oversized by 20%. Next, a prototype was built and installed in an integrated concentrated photovoltaic/thermal (CPV/T)/Rankine system. The results from the measurements show that for better estimation of the sizing of the heat exchanger a more accurate correlation is required in order to design an optimal configuration and thus employ cheaper components.
Controlled Al3+ Incorporation in the ZnO Lattice at 188 °C by Soft Reactive Co-Sputtering for Transparent Conductive Oxides
Authors: Sanzaro Salvatore , La Magna Antonino , Smecca Emanuele , Mannino Giovanni , Pellegrino Giovanna , Fazio Enza , Neri Fortunato , Alberti Alessandra
Published: June 2016

Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layers, to be implemented in photo-anodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), were prepared by co-deposition of ZnO and Al using pulsed-direct current (DC)-magnetron reactive sputtering processes. The films were deposited at low deposition temperatures (RT-188 °C) and at fixed working pressure (1.4 Pa) using soft power loading conditions to avoid intrinsic extra-heating. To compensate the layer stoichiometry, O2 was selectively injected close to the sample in a small percentage (Ar:O2 = 69 sccm:2 sccm). We expressly applied the deposition temperature as a controlling parameter to tune the incorporation of the Al3+ species in the targeted position inside the ZnO lattice. With this method, Aluminum-doped Zinc Oxide films (ZnO:Al) were grown following the typical wurtzite structure, as demonstrated by X-ray Diffraction analyses. A combination of micro-Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) analyses has shown that the incorporated host-atoms are Al3+ species in Zn2+ substitutional position; their amount increases following a direct monotonic trend with the deposition temperature. Correspondently, the c-axis strain into the layer decreases due to the progressive ordering of the lattice structure and reducing clustering phenomena. The maximum average Al content inside the film was ~2%, as measured by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, with a uniform distribution of the dopant species along the layer thickness traced by depth-profile XPS analyses. The optimised ZnO:Al layer, deposited at a rate of ~7 nm/min, exhibits high transmittance in the visible range (~85%) and low resistivity values (~13 mΩ × cm). The material therefore fulfils all the requirements to be candidate as TCO for low-cost DSCs on flexible substrates for large area technologies.
Petromyopia: Oil and the Energy Humanities
Authors: Jones Christopher
Published: June 2016

Oil is currently over-represented in the energy humanities, a state of affairs I describe as petromyopia. While oil constitutes a vital source of energy in the modern world, focusing too heavily on petroleum can distract scholars from giving proper attention to other aspects of the social and cultural dimensions of energy. The goal of this article is to encourage those in the energy humanities to cast a broader net in their analyses and recognize the full diversity of energy systems in their scholarship.
The Arts of Energy: Between Hoping for the Stars and Despairing in the Detritus
Authors: Wodak Josh
Published: June 2016

Fossil fueled energy production and consumption are the basis of global industrialised societies, with the deleterious biophysical effects of such production and consumption also forming the basis of the advent of Anthropocene. In the context of science and environmental policy, hope denotes rapid decarbonisation across the globe. Meanwhile, in art and the humanities, the study of such energy and decarbonisation remains nascent and nebulous. To account for these discrepancies, this article outlines the scale of the biophysical challenges by first establishing the relationship between outspoken climate scientists and international organisations determining climate and energy policy. This relationship—between marginalised and mainstream—is used to frame the analogous challenges for two cultural fields that have recently emerged in direct response: energy humanities and the arts of energy. The discussion centers on the challenge common to all fields—between the outspoken marginal and the orthodox mainstream—to speculate on how the arts of energy may recalibrate a context-contingent hope for energy futures, drawing on case studies of ISEA Bright Future and Facing Futures Free From Fear, two installations simultaneously staged by the author in 2013 about the relationship between energy and climate change.
Ras-Related Nuclear Protein Ran3B Gene Is Involved in Hormone Responses in the Embryogenic Callus of Dimocarpus longan Lour.
Authors: Tian Qilin , Lin Yuling , Zhang Dongmin , Lai Ruilian , Lai Zhongxiong
Published: June 2016

Ras-related guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding nuclear protein (Ran) GTPases function as molecular switches and regulate diverse cellular events in eukaryotes. Our previous work suggested that DlRan3B is active during longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) somatic embryogenesis (SE) processes. Herein, subcellular localization of DlRan3B was found to be localized in the nucleus and expression profiling of DlRan3B was performed during longan SE and after exposure to plant hormones (indoleacetic acid (IAA), gibberellin A3 (GA3), salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonte (MeJA), and abscisic acid (ABA)). We cloned and sequenced 1569 bp of 5′-flanking sequence of DlRan3B (GenBank: JQ279697). Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the promoter contained plant hormone-related regulatory elements. Deletion analysis and responses to hormones identified stimulative and repressive regulatory elements in the DlRan3B promoter. The key elements included those responding to auxin, gibberellin, SA, MeJA, and ABA. DlRan3B was located in the nucleus and accumulated in the late stage of longan SE. The expression of DlRan3B was significantly induced by IAA, GA3, and ABA, but suppressed by SA and MeJA. Promoter transcription was induced by IAA and GA3, but suppressed by SA. Thus, DlRan3B might participate in auxin, gibberellin, and ABA responses during longan late SE, and DlRan3B is involved in phytohormone responsiveness.
Bioinspired Materials for Water Purification
Authors: Gonzalez-Perez Alfredo , Persson Kenneth
Published: June 2016

Water scarcity issues associated with inadequate access to clean water and sanitation is a ubiquitous problem occurring globally. Addressing future challenges will require a combination of new technological development in water purification and environmental remediation technology with suitable conservation policies. In this scenario, new bioinspired materials will play a pivotal role in the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly solutions. The role of amphiphilic self-assembly on the fabrication of new biomimetic membranes for membrane separation like reverse osmosis is emphasized. Mesoporous support materials for semiconductor growth in the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants and new carriers for immobilization of bacteria in bioreactors are used in the removal and processing of different kind of water pollutants like heavy metals. Obstacles to improve and optimize the fabrication as well as a better understanding of their performance in small-scale and pilot purification systems need to be addressed. However, it is expected that these new biomimetic materials will find their way into the current water purification technologies to improve their purification/removal performance in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Identification and Separation of Chiral Drugs and Biomolecules
Authors: Yang Sha , Wang Yonghui , Jiang Yingda , Li Shuang , Liu Wei
Published: June 2016

Molecularly imprinting polymers (MIPs) have been extensively applied in chromatography for the separation of chiral drugs. In this review, we mainly summarize recent developments of various MIPs used as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrochromatography (CEC), and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Among them, HPLC has the advantages of straightforward operation and high selectivity. However, the low separation efficiency, due to slow interaction kinetics and heavy peak broadening, is the main challenge for the application of MIPs in HPLC. On the other hand, CEC possesses both the high selectivity of HPLC and the high efficiency of capillary electrophoresis. In CEC, electroosmotic flow is formed across the entire column and reduces the heavy peak broadening observed in HPLC mode. SFC can modify the low interaction kinetics in HPLC when supercritical fluids are utilized as mobile phases. If SFC and MIP-based CSPs can be well combined, better separation performance can be achieved. Particles, monoliths and membrane are typical formats of MIPs. Traditional MIP particles produced by bulk polymerization have been replaced by MIP particles by surface imprinting technology, which are highly consistent in size and shape. Monolithic MIPs are prepared by in situ method in a column, greatly shortening the pre-preparation time. Some novel materials, such as magnetic nanoparticles, are integrated into the MIPs to enhance the controllability and efficiency of the polymerization. This review will be helpful to guide the preparation, development, and application of MIPs in chromatographic and electrophoretic enantioseparation.
Segmentized Clear Channel Assessment for IEEE 802.15.4 Networks
Authors: Son Kyou , Hong Sung , Moon Seong-Pil , Chang Tae , Cho Hanjin
Published: June 2016

This paper proposed segmentized clear channel assessment (CCA) which increases the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 networks by improving carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). Improving CSMA/CA is important because the low-power consumption feature and throughput performance of IEEE 802.15.4 are greatly affected by CSMA/CA behavior. To improve the performance of CSMA/CA, this paper focused on increasing the chance to transmit a packet by assessing precise channel status. The previous method used in CCA, which is employed by CSMA/CA, assesses the channel by measuring the energy level of the channel. However, this method shows limited channel assessing behavior, which comes from simple threshold dependent channel busy evaluation. The proposed method solves this limited channel decision problem by dividing CCA into two groups. Two groups of CCA compare their energy levels to get precise channel status. To evaluate the performance of the segmentized CCA method, a Markov chain model has been developed. The validation of analytic results is confirmed by comparing them with simulation results. Additionally, simulation results show the proposed method is improving a maximum 8.76% of throughput and decreasing a maximum 3.9% of the average number of CCAs per packet transmission than the IEEE 802.15.4 CCA method.
Power Performance Verification of a Wind Farm Using the Friedman’s Test
Authors: Hernandez Wilmar , López-Presa José , Maldonado-Correa Jorge
Published: June 2016

In this paper, a method of verification of the power performance of a wind farm is presented. This method is based on the Friedman’s test, which is a nonparametric statistical inference technique, and it uses the information that is collected by the SCADA system from the sensors embedded in the wind turbines in order to carry out the power performance verification of a wind farm. Here, the guaranteed power curve of the wind turbines is used as one more wind turbine of the wind farm under assessment, and a multiple comparison method is used to investigate differences between pairs of wind turbines with respect to their power performance. The proposed method says whether the power performance of the specific wind farm under assessment differs significantly from what would be expected, and it also allows wind farm owners to know whether their wind farm has either a perfect power performance or an acceptable power performance. Finally, the power performance verification of an actual wind farm is carried out. The results of the application of the proposed method showed that the power performance of the specific wind farm under assessment was acceptable.
Experimental Identification of Smartphones Using Fingerprints of Built-In Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
Authors: Baldini Gianmarco , Steri Gary , Dimc Franc , Giuliani Raimondo , Kamnik Roman
Published: June 2016

The correct identification of smartphones has various applications in the field of security or the fight against counterfeiting. As the level of sophistication in counterfeit electronics increases, detection procedures must become more accurate but also not destructive for the smartphone under testing. Some components of the smartphone are more likely to reveal their authenticity even without a physical inspection, since they are characterized by hardware fingerprints detectable by simply examining the data they provide. This is the case of MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems) components like accelerometers and gyroscopes, where tiny differences and imprecisions in the manufacturing process determine unique patterns in the data output. In this paper, we present the experimental evaluation of the identification of smartphones through their built-in MEMS components. In our study, three different phones of the same model are subject to repeatable movements (composing a repeatable scenario) using an high precision robotic arm. The measurements from MEMS for each repeatable scenario are collected and analyzed. The identification algorithm is based on the extraction of the statistical features of the collected data for each scenario. The features are used in a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to identify the smartphone. The results of the evaluation are presented for different combinations of features and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) outputs, which show that detection accuracy of higher than 90% is achievable.
Abnormal Activity Detection Using Pyroelectric Infrared Sensors
Authors: Luo Xiaomu , Tan Huoyuan , Guan Qiuju , Liu Tong , Zhuo Hankz , Shen Baihua
Published: June 2016

Healthy aging is one of the most important social issues. In this paper, we propose a method for abnormal activity detection without any manual labeling of the training samples. By leveraging the Field of View (FOV) modulation, the spatio-temporal characteristic of human activity is encoded into low-dimension data stream generated by the ceiling-mounted Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) sensors. The similarity between normal training samples are measured based on Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence of each pair of them. The natural clustering of normal activities is discovered through a self-tuning spectral clustering algorithm with unsupervised model selection on the eigenvectors of a modified similarity matrix. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are employed to model each cluster of normal activities and form feature vectors. One-Class Support Vector Machines (OSVMs) are used to profile the normal activities and detect abnormal activities. To validate the efficacy of our method, we conducted experiments in real indoor environments. The encouraging results show that our method is able to detect abnormal activities given only the normal training samples, which aims to avoid the laborious and inconsistent data labeling process.
Rice Cultivation Methods and Their Sustainability Aspects: Organic and Conventional Rice Production in Industrialized Tropical Monsoon Asia with a Dual Cropping System
Authors: Lin Hung-Chun , Fukushima Yasuhiro
Published: June 2016

Options to tackle the sustainability challenges faced in the production of rice, including global and local environmental perspectives, need to be discussed. Here, the global warming potential, water consumption and cumulative energy demand were analyzed using a life-cycle assessment to highlight the sustainability aspects of rice production in Taiwan, where a mixed organic and conventional rice production with a dual cropping system is practiced. The results show that the conventional farming method practiced in Houbi district contributes less to global warming and annual water consumption and consumes less energy than the organic method practiced in Luoshan village on a grain weight basis. It is also more lucrative for farmers because of the higher rice yield. Considering the yield ratio based on the data from two districts, the regional characteristics are more responsible for these differences. Giving up dual cropping to avail water to other sectors by fallowing during the second cropping season is preferable from the GHG emission and productivity perspectives. However, because water shortages usually occur in the first cropping season, it is more realistic to fallow during the first cropping season when domestic and other industrial users have the higher priority. The results presented here can serve as the foundation for exploring the possibilities of options, such as new biorefinery technologies and water allocation policies, in relation to influences on GHG emissions and the national self-sufficiency of rice.
A Long-Term Study of Ecological Impacts of River Channelization on the Population of an Endangered Fish: Lessons Learned for Assessment and Restoration
Authors: Roberts James , Anderson Gregory , Angermeier Paul
Published: June 2016

Projects to assess environmental impact or restoration success in rivers focus on project-specific questions but can also provide valuable insights for future projects. Both restoration actions and impact assessments can become “adaptive” by using the knowledge gained from long-term monitoring and analysis to revise the actions, monitoring, conceptual model, or interpretation of findings so that subsequent actions or assessments are better informed. Assessments of impact or restoration success are especially challenging when the indicators of interest are imperiled species and/or the impacts being addressed are complex. From 1997 to 2015, we worked closely with two federal agencies to monitor habitat availability for and population density of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex), an endangered fish, in a 24-km-long segment of the upper Roanoke River, VA. We primarily used a Before-After-Control-Impact analytical framework to assess potential impacts of a river channelization project on the P. rex population. In this paper, we summarize how our extensive monitoring facilitated the evolution of our (a) conceptual understanding of the ecosystem and fish population dynamics; (b) choices of ecological indicators and analytical tools; and (c) conclusions regarding the magnitude, mechanisms, and significance of observed impacts. Our experience with this case study taught us important lessons about how to adaptively develop and conduct a monitoring program, which we believe are broadly applicable to assessments of environmental impact and restoration success in other rivers. In particular, we learned that (a) pre-treatment planning can enhance monitoring effectiveness, help avoid unforeseen pitfalls, and lead to more robust conclusions; (b) developing adaptable conceptual and analytical models early was crucial to organizing our knowledge, guiding our study design, and analyzing our data; (c) catchment-wide processes that we did not monitor, or initially consider, had profound implications for interpreting our findings; and (d) using multiple analytical frameworks, with varying assumptions, led to clearer interpretation of findings than the use of a single framework alone. Broader integration of these guiding principles into monitoring studies, though potentially challenging, could lead to more scientifically defensible assessments of project effects.
Philippe II et le monnayage des cités grecques
Authors: Picard Olivier
Published: June 2016

Le postulat longtemps admis de l'interdiction de frapper monnaie signifiée aux cités grecques par Philippe II a été contredit par les progrès de la datation des séries monétaires. Un numismate américain, Th. Martin, a souligné le caractère anachronique des théories liant droit de frapper monnaie et souveraineté en Grèce. Si Philippe n'a pas touché à ce point de l'autonomie des cités, son règne voit s'accentuer une évolution déjà ancienne, distinguant de plus en plus nettement la monnaie hellénique, constituée désormais de tétradrachmes à types royaux frappés tant par les rois que par les cités, et les monnaies locales d'argent et de bronze.
Plutarque : histoire de l'origine et genèse du récit
Authors: Deremetz Alain
Published: June 2016

Dans cette étude portant sur la méthode historique de Plutarque, l'auteur compare successivement les conceptions exprimées par Tite Live dans son a. U. C. et par l'historien grec dans sa Vie de Romulus puis les traitements respectifs, dans la Vie et dans les Questions romaines, des données historiques relatives à la fondation de Rome. Il déduit de cette double comparaison que l'objectif poursuivi par l'écrivain des Vies est d'ébaucher une théorie générale du discours historique dont il dégage narrativement les lois fondatrices. La méthode utilisée à cette fin est celle d'une herméneutique textuelle qui, identifiant la vérité d'un récit à sa performance narrative, fait naître ce récit véridique de la confrontation narrative de ses variantes.
THE SECRET LIVES OF CEPHEIDS: EVOLUTION, MASS-LOSS, AND ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION OF THE LONG-PERIOD CLASSICAL CEPHEID*
Authors: Neilson Hilding R. , Engle Scott G. , Guinan Edward F. , Bisol Alexandra C. , Butterworth Neil
Published: June 2016

The classical Cepheid l Carinae is an essential calibrator of the Cepheid Leavitt Law as a rare long-period Galactic Cepheid. Understanding the properties of this star will also constrain the physics and evolution of massive (M ≥ 8 M
⊙) Cepheids. The challenge, however, is precisely measuring the star's pulsation period and its rate of period change. The former is important for calibrating the Leavitt Law and the latter for stellar evolution modeling. In this work, we combine previous time-series observations spanning more than a century with new observations to remeasure the pulsation period and compute the rate of period change. We compare our new rate of period change with stellar evolution models to measure the properties of l Car, but find models and observations are, at best, marginally consistent. The results imply that l Car does not have significantly enhanced mass-loss rates like that measured for δ Cephei. We find that the mass of l Car is about 8–10 M
⊙. We present Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph observations that also differ from measurements for δ Cep and β Dor. These measurements further add to the challenge of understanding the physics of Cepheids, but do hint at the possible relation between enhanced mass-loss and ultraviolet emission, perhaps both due to the strength of shocks propagating in the atmospheres of Cepheids.