bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Archaeopetrological Study of the Lithic Industry From the l’Hort de la Boquera Rock Shelter (Margalef de Montsant, Tarragona, Spain): Applying Mineralogical and Geochemical Techniques
Authors: Rey-Solé Mar , García-Argüelles Maria Pilar , Nadal Jordi , Mangado Xavier , Scherstén Anders , Næraa Tomas
Published: June 2021

The l’Hort de la Boquera site is located in the northeastern part of Iberia and its stone tool assemblage includes up to 25,000 flint artefacts. This is the first approach to the analysis of the raw material through an archaeopetrological study. Results were obtained by use of mineralogi¬cal techniques: macroscopic and petrographic analysis, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Micro-Raman and X-Ray diffraction (XRD); additionally, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry was applied. It has been possible to discriminate at least four flint categories, the ‘Evaporitic flint type’ (with two local subvarieties – ‘Common evaporitic’ and ‘Garnet’ varieties) that comes from local outcrops of the Ulldemolins Complex, and two flint types that had their origin further afield: the ‘Charophyta flint type’ (coming from the Torrente de Cinca Unit) and the ‘Dark flint type’ (from the La Serra Llarga Formation).These results make this study the most comprehensive analysis of raw materials that has been carried out in the area so far
Oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes by different oxidants
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Pikh Zoryan
Published: June 2021

The new data about oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes of a general structure R–CH = C(R)–CHO by molecular oxygen (in liquid and gaseous phase), peracids and hydrogen peroxide were obtained. The composition of reaction products for a series of aldehydes with different structures was determined. The dependencies of the selectivity of reaction from an aldehyde structure and oxidant type have been evaluated. It has been assumed that a stage of aldehyde interaction with peracid determines the formation of reaction products. The common mechanisms of unsaturated aldehydes oxidation by different oxidants have been established on the basis of generalization of obtained results.
Influence of nature of dispersed phase on antiwear properties of high temperature greases
Authors:   Ukrainian Scientific and Research Institute for Oil Refining Industry ", Zhelezny Leonid ,   MASMA",   46, Palladin avn., Kyiv - 142, 03680, Ukraine, Kobylyansky Yevgen ,   Ukrainian Scientific and Research Institute for Oil Refining Industry "MASMA" 46, Palladin avn., Kyiv - 142, 03680, Ukraine, Mishchuk Oleg ,   Ukrainian Scientific and Research Institute for Oil Refining Industry "MASMA" 46, Palladin avn., Kyiv - 142, 03680, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

Antiwear properties of modern high temperature greases have been studied by simulating various temperature and load conditions on friction machines. Differences in tribological characteristics of greases depending on the nature of their thickeners were determined and explained. Maximum antiwear properties were revealed in conventional complex and overbased complex calcium salicylate, sulfonate and phenolate greases
AUDIT OF MARKETING RISKS BY MEANS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Olena Kolomytseva  , Tetiana Burtseva  , Lidiya Vasilchenko  , Tetiana Palonna
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the issues of audit of marketing risks by means of information technologies. It is noted that current trends in economic development have led to more frequent vulnerability of enterprises to risks. Therefore, it becomes relevant to study its marketing environment and identify and predict marketing risks. The completeness, accuracy and timelines of such an analysis plays a decisive role in management decisions. It is shown that at the present stage the role of marketing audit in anticipating, assessing and preventing marketing risks is increasing. It is emphasized that the company should perceive risk as a strategic factor in the effectiveness of management, which requires a comprehensive approach to the most objective forecasting of future risks, rather than responding to them in fact. It is indicated that the main marketing risks are unclaimed products, the risk of inefficiency of the pricing policy of the enterprise, the risk of non-compliance of product quality with consumer requirements, the risk of inefficiency of the sales system at the enterprise. Emphasis is placed on risk factors that need to be analyzed in the audit of marketing risks. The criteria of marketing risk audit are considered. The process of audit management of marketing risks of the enterprise is investigated and the stages of it’s carrying out are substantiated.It is emphasized that an important means of conducting an audit of marketing risks is information technology, the integration of which into marketing research helps to optimize management processes and increase marketing opportunities. It is substantiated that with the help of information technology the access of audit specialists to the data and knowledge bases necessary for the analysis, as well as for the implementation of economic and mathematical models, without which it is impossible to imagine a modern marketing audit. It is stated that information technologies have also become a key means of communication, information transfer, holding operational business meetings and conferences.
FORSITE TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN ECONOMIC RESEARCH
Authors: Prodanova Larysa
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the theory and practice of modern technologies of scientific prediction and forecasting of scenarios of the future state of society and its economy for the purposes of effective formation and implementation of socio-economic policy. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of the use of foresight technologies in modern economic research. The dynamics of research publications (journal articles) on the subject of foresight (by keywords "foresight", "foresight technology", "foresight methodology"), presented in the online collection of published scientific materials ScienceDirect published by Elsevier, for the period 1997–2020 is analyzed. The tendencies of foresight distribution in the world practice of scientifically substantiated forecasting and programming of social and economic processes are characterized. The experience of conducting foresight research in the United States, the European Union, Japan, as well as in Kazakhstan, Belarus and Russia is summarized. It is emphasized that the experience of domestic and foreign foresight should be organized taking into account the specifics of the following numerous components of the foresight process: purpose and objectives of the study, way of presenting the future and results, information sources, approach to organization, process structure, procedure and stages of research, research methods and their combination, priority area, scale, field of implementation and scope, focus and time horizon, initiators and performers, range of stakeholders and potential users, results obtained and end effects, sources of funding. As a result of the analysis of the achievements of Ukrainian scientists and the domestic practice of applying the methods of scientific prediction, it is concluded that Ukraine is at the initial stage of the development of foresight technologies.
Тестовая Статья
Authors: Fedorchenko AlexanderFedorchenko
Published: June 2021

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Development of constitutional and legal regulation of the political system in Russia
Authors: Kuryachaya Marina Mikhailovna , Polyakova Kristina Yu. , Kudryavtseva Larisa
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the formation and modern constitutional consolidation of the system of public power in the Russian Federation as a reflection of the existing political system. According to the authors, the constitutional reform-2020 in Russia consolidated the existing position in the organization of power in the Russian Federation, however, the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in this area need both further implementation in legislation and improvement in the next cycle of constitutional reform.
Urgensi Standarisasi Islam ASWAJA ANNAHDLIYYAH untuk Perdamaian Indonesia dan Dunia
Authors: Fadil Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Penulisan karya tulis ini bertujuan untuk mengajak siapapun tanpa tebang pilih agar lebih dekat dengan Nahdlatul Ulama, sebuah organisasi masyarakat yang salah satu tujuan dilahirkannya adalah demi melembagakan wawasan keagamaan yang dianut sebelumnya yakni A hlussunnah wal Jama’ah dan juga demi memenuhi kebutuhan perdamaian dunia di mana dewasa ini sangat rawan terhadap perpecahan akibat berbagai kepentingan mulai dari perbedaan pandangan politik, sosial, hingga kultur. Adapun yang menjadi latar belakang penulisan karya tulis ini adalah memaparkan betapa urgennya peran Islam Nahdlatul Ulama (An-Nahdliyyah) berpaham Aswaja bagi perdamaian dunia, khususnya bagi Negara Indonesia dengan background kemajemukan serta keberagamannya. Indonesia menjadi negara demokrasi dengan segala perbedaan dan kemajemukan yang ada, tetapi tetap bersatu padu, menciptakan kedamaian dalam satu bingkai kebangsaan. Indonesia bisa menjadi role model bagi negara-negara di dunia, khususnya bagi negara konflik dengan isu agama, bahwa perdamaian dan persatuan adalah perlu demi menjaga keutuhan suatu bangsa, dan Indonesia telah membuktikan harmoni itu. Selain sebab ideologi  Pancasila yang terbukti mampu menyatukan perbedaan, Indonesia juga memiliki organisasi sebesar Nahdlatul Ulama yang telah terbukti hadir menjawab tantangan perbedaan. Nahdlatul Ulama merupakan organisasi masyarakat yang ramah, tidak marah. Merangkul, bukan memukul. Keberadaannya di tengah masyarakat mampu menjadi oase yang menyejukkan, dan menjadi garda terdepan dalam menjaga perdamaian serta keutuhan bangsa, sebagaimana yang tertuang dalam butir prinsip-prinsip yang selama ini Nahdlatul Ulama pegang teguh. Apakah Negara-negara di dunia, khususnya negara konflik yang kental dengan isu agama dapat mencontoh harmoni yang tercipta di tengah keberagaman Indonesia? Oh, tentu saja bisa. Oleh karena itu, dalam bab perdamaian mari belajar kepada Indonesia, dan mari lebih dekat dengan Nahdlatul Ulama.
NILAI NILAI PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF TAFSIR AL-AZHAR KARYA BUYA HAMKA
Authors: Mukarromah Ivatul , Syukron Buyung , Fathonah Isti
Published: June 2021

Dalam tulisan ini bertujuan menghadirkan problematika dan solusi pendidikan dalam wacana pendidikan multikultural yang dianalisa serta dikembangkan melalui pengkajian konsep serta nilai pendidikan multikultural dalam Al-Quran dengan perspektif tafsir Al-Azhar karya Buya Hamka. Metode pengkajian mengunakan kajian library riset atau kepustakaan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan pendekatan tafsir maudu’i/tematik karna bersinggungan dengan kajian Al-Quran. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada Qs. Al-Hujurat ayat 11-13   meng-intepretasi akan pendidikan multikultural berupa nilai-nilai pendidikan multikultural yakni: 1)Nilai Perdamaian, 2)Nilai Inklusivisme, 3)Nilai Kearifan, 4)Nilai Toleransi, 5)Nilai Humanisme.
PENGGUNAAN SLIDE INTERAKTIF PADA PEMBELAJARAN DARING MATERI SUBSTANSI GENETIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN ASPEK KOGNITIF SISWA
Authors: Dewi Anggitalina Pramilia
Published: June 2021

This research aims to determine  the cognitive aspects enhancement of genetic substance material using interactive slide media in the online learning for students of Trensains Muhammadiyah high school grade twelveThis research is a classroom action research  conducted in three cycles. Each cycles consist of four stages, they are; planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The subject in this research was a twelve grade students of Trensains Muhammadiyah high school sragen in academic year 2020/2021 with the amount 24 students. The data is processed through observation, questionnaire and test. The data analysis was conducted in a descriptive qualitative manner based on the results of observations and questionnaire as well as qualitatively on the result of cognitive test.. The result of the research shows that the number of students who achieved the minimum completeness score (KKM) 70 in the first cycle is 14 students (58,33%), second cycle is 15 students (62,5%), and third cycle is 18 students (75%) from the subject amount 24 24 students. Students cognitive ability increase in each cycle. The average of student cognitive aspect in cycle 1 is 73,3%, cycle 2 is 76,7%, and cycle 3 is 80,4%. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the use of interactive slide media in the online learning of genetic substance material can improve cognitive aspects of student in grade XII MIPA 3 Trensians Muhammadiyah high school Sragen.
Los tiempos liberales y su historia
Authors: Cárdenas Ayala Elisa
Published: June 2021

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Población, tierras y aguas
Authors: Aboites Aguilar Luis
Published: June 2021

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Los indígenas
Authors: Viqueira Juan Pedro
Published: June 2021

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Construyendo el caleidoscopio: la historia subnacional
Authors: Gómez-Galvarriato Freer Aurora
Published: June 2021

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Estados Unidos y algo más
Authors: Tenorio Mauricio
Published: June 2021

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„Egészség-konyha” – Munkahelyi egészségfejlesztési programelem a Nemzeti Egészségfejlesztési Intézetben
Authors: Fekete Krisztina
Published: June 2021

A munkahelyi egészségfejlesztés egy olyan folyamatos, tervezett tevékenység, amelynek során egészségesebbé alakulnak a munka- és életkörülmények, illetve a munkavállalók megtanulják, hogyan vegyenek részt saját egészségük fejlesztésében, szemléletük formálódik. Elsődleges cél a munkavállalók fizikai, szellemi és szociális közérzetének javítása-fejlesztése, az elkerülhető megbetegedések és balesetek megelőzése munkahelyi egészségfejlesztési programok formájában, a döntéshozók és a munkavállalók aktív részvételére alapozva. A Nemzeti Egészségfejlesztési Intézetben 2016 őszén több, egymásra épülő egészségfejlesztési programelem valósult meg, illetve valósul meg a mai napig. Ennek egyike, az intézetben dolgozó dietetikus által vezetett „Egészség-konyha”. Ez a program az egészséges táplálkozás ismereteinek átadására fókuszál, ötvözve a rövid hiteles szakmai tájékoztatást az ételkészítési bemutatóval és kóstoltatással, a kollégák aktív bevonása mellett.
Arabic Legal Phraseology in Positive Law and Jurisprudence: The Historical Influence of Translation
Authors: Halimi Sonia
Published: June 2021

The present study examines Arabic legal phraseology formation from the standpoint of positive law and jurisprudence. It claims that phraseological constructions in Arabic legislative and statutory texts are largely influenced by the translation process of Roman law texts. However, scholarly literature still relies to some extent on formulae used in the Islamic jurisprudence. To illustrate this, three examples of legal principles anchored in Islamic jurisprundence, known as legal maxims, are subjected to a comparative analysis and discussed along with their corresponding expressions in positive law in modern-day Arabic. Ultimately, the purpose of this paper is twofold: firstly, to demonstrate that the phraseology present in many Arabic positive laws is fully adapted to corresponding formulations in the Roman law, steming from a historical translation process that accompanied the codification movement in the beginning of the 20th century; secondly, to emphasize the significance of textual genre awareness in legal translation. Concretely, the introductory section provides an overview of recent studies that have addressed legal phraseologisms. It is followed by a section on the historical role of translation in the construction of certain phraseologisms. The general legal principles of (a) burden of proof, (b) presumption of innocence, and (c) the pacta sunt servanda principle are then examined in order to shed light on the influence of both the Civilist tradition and Islamic jurisprudence on the use of legal Arabic today, as well as to demonstrate how the translation of phraseologisms is dependent on the parameters of genre. The analysis leads to the conclusion that proper use of phraseologisms, whether in drafting or translation, is closely linked to knowledge of phraseology formation and the historical influence of translation.
Linguistics Difficulties in Harmonisation of European Union Law: The Example of Directives on Procedural Guaranties in Criminal Matters
Authors: de Laforcade Agata
Published: June 2021

Multilingual writing of European directives is faced with a few linguistic difficulties, like choosing an appropriate legal terms. All linguistic versions shall reflect the same content event though the legal system of each Member State is different and some legal concept do not have an equivalent in other legal systems. In this way, legal writing of European Directive is a very complex subject both from legal and linguistic perspective. The aim of this article is to discuss different linguistics difficulties that could appear during the harmonisation of criminal proceedings in European Union, where multilingualism is a key value and to analyse the possible solutions, when dealing with those difficulties. It seems that even if multilingualism is a big challenge to European Union, it could have a positive influence on the quality of European legislation.
The Ecological Insight of the Bunga’ Lalang Rice Farming Tradition in Luwu Society, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Thayyib Magfirah
Published: June 2021

The ecological insights of local farming traditions have the potential to be adapted to modern agricultural practices. The article presents an exploration of the ecological insights of the bunga’ lalang rice farming tradition in the Luwu society, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Four rituals of the tradition were observed directly during their performance, followed by interviews with eleven figures including the ritual masters. Each ritual of the bunga’ lalang tradition was treated as a discourse and the meanings of the biological elements are extracted to generate ecological knowledge that is biologically logical and compatible with modern scientific knowledge in rice farming.
Investigation on the microstructure, microhardness, and tribological behavior of AA1100-hBN surface composite
Authors: Premkumar R. , Vignesh R. V. , Padmanaban R. , Govindaraju M. , Santhi R.
Published: June 2021

Aluminum alloy AA1100 has less wear resistance and mechanical properties than that of other aluminum alloys. This research work is on the fabrication of surface composites of AA1100 alloy by friction stir processing (FSP). The surface composites are fabricated by reinforcing hBN (hexagonal Boron Nitride) in AA1100 alloy to improve the mechanical and tribological properties. The influence of process parameters, rotational speed (rpm), and transverse speed (mm/min) on the microstructural evolution and properties of the fabricated surface composites is investigated.
The Controversy between Niklas Luhmann and Jűrgen Habermas Related to Sociological Approach to Law
Authors: Jovanoski Aleksandar , Rustemi Agron
Published: June 2021

The aim of the paper is to present a brief insight into the significant works and views of the German sociologists Niklas Luhmann and Jűrgen Habermas on the role of law in regulating human relations in society. Educated as a lawyer, Niklas Luhmann in the late academic career was under the influence of the American sociologist Talcott Parsons. Niklas Luhmann later, under the influence of the American sociologist Talcott Parsons, he built a sociological theoretical system called the systems theory. On the other side, Jűrgen Habermas was a philosopher and sociologist, highly influenced by the Frankfurt school of sociology. According to Luhmann‘s systems theory, the social reality and the separate aspects of the social life are part of a deeper system called society, and in relation to the same they are set as subsystems. Social systems are divided into allopoietic and autopoietic. One of the significant axioms of Luhmann’s theory is that the largest number of systems tends to simplify due to the pressure of the environment for greater efficiency. Law in Luhman’s systems theory enjoys the status of an autonomous system for regulating society, rather than an instrumental contribution to politics. This brief review exposed a big clash between two influential German thinkers. In this paper we are going to use historical method and analysing of the content of different materials and previous authors that are dealing with the work of Niklas Luhmann and Jűrgen Habermas.
Modern English Language Didactics: Aspects of Dialectics and Analisis
Authors: Yakovleva E. V. , Agadzhanyan R. V.
Published: June 2021

The article offers a review of the most important trends in language didactics as revealed by the consistent development of academic thought in the field over the period of 20th-21st centuries. The aforesaid process has laid foundations for modern didactic practices in foreign language teaching, as it addresses media and competence approaches to cross-cultural understanding of functional characteristics, highlighting the new generation didactic materials.
The Role of the Crown in British Constitution
Authors: Polyakova A. A.
Published: June 2021

The article introduces the readers to the problem of the role of the monarch in the British constitutional system. This research covers the subject of the British Constitution and Law, it explains the differences between the notions “crown” and “king/ queen”, revealing their peculiarities. The reader can find a summary of a deep analysis of the constitutional system, its functions and features.
Gender as Innovative Scientific and Philosophical Discourse
Authors: Shishlova E. E.
Published: June 2021

The author analyses actual problems of gender discourse, such as gender socialization and gender identification from positions of the leading social theories of the 20th century (structural-functional, constructivist and structural-constructivist), denoting change of classical thinking by modern and postmodern.
Rhyming slang as a means of masking alcohol and drug addictions
Authors: Gorshunova E. Y. , Gorshunov Y. V.
Published: June 2021

The article is concerned with analysis of rhyming slang euphemisms for some addictions (alcoholism and drug–taking). In the focus of attention is the concept “intoxicated/drug intoxicated”, the means of its representation and euphemistic rhyming slang names of some drugs and doses.
The Battle of Stalingrad in the Context of Modern History
Authors: Myagkov M. Y.
Published: June 2021

Proceeding 200 days and nights the Battle of Stalingrad became a turning point in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people and in all World War II, it turned back, in the western direction movement of the Soviet-German front when Hitler was compelled to recognize that for Germans "possibility of the end of war in the east by means of approach more doesn't exist". After Stalingrad it became clear to the whole world that war against the USSR for a coalition of fascist aggressors is lost. Defeat near Stalingrad allied Germany of armies cracked the fascist block, having forced Italy, Romania, Hungary and Finland actively to look for contacts with the countries of an anti-Hitleriwste coalition for the purpose of a withdrawal from a war. The developed events put an end to calculations on the introduction in war against the USSR to Turkey and Japan, were decisive incentive of growth of a resistance movement in Europe and Asia. The western allies of the USSR intensified preparation for opening of the second anti-Hitlerite front in Europe. U.S. President F.Ruzvelt called battle near Stalingrad epic. Later it sent the diploma of the following contents: "On behalf of the people of the United States of America I hand over this diploma to the city of Stalingrad to note our admiration of his valorous defenders … Their nice victory stopped a wave of invasion and became a turning point of war of the allied nations against aggression forces".
“Northern Balance” and the Conditions of Norway’s Participation in NATO During the Cold War Era
Authors: Talagaeva D. A.
Published: June 2021

The article is dedicated to the problem of defining the term “Northern balance” as a factor of stability and interaction in the north of Europe, as well as the balance of Soviet and US interests in this region. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of practical grounds for such a definition, primarily to the peculiarities in the Northern European foreign policy in relation to NATO. Besides, the article focuses on Norwegian foreign policy and the terms of the country’s membership in the North-Atlantic alliance.
Cooperative Communicative Strategies and Tactics as Means of English Business Discourse Harmonization
Authors: Radyuk A. V.
Published: June 2021

The article investigates the cooperative communicative strategies and tactics of English business discourse. There is a necessity of harmonization of business discourse as a sphere of positional and interest collision. Harmonization is a process of maintaining cooperative communication leading to mutually beneficial results. The pragmatic properties of cooperative communicative strategies enable the speakers not only to achieve the set goal but also to sustain positive relationship with the partner.
The Problem of Energy Security in the Early 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Dedenkulov A. V.
Published: June 2021

The article analyses the present-day specifics of energy security and its potential impact on international relations. Generalizing the global energy forecasts up to 2030-2035 the author singles out “points of tenderness”, the elements of global energy security fraught with tension in the years to come. The article emphasizes the urgent need of the current developments in the global “energy landscape” to be considered in the framework of the Russian foreign policy.
A.Nikiforov – the dean of the historical and international faculty of MGIMO
Authors: Nikiforov A. L.
Published: June 2021

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Eurasian Aerospace Defense: the Role of Strategic Nonnuclear Arms
Authors: Podberezkin A. I.
Published: June 2021

The article analyses the problem of non nuclear high precision conventional arms acquiring offensive and defensive functions. The author claims that by 2020 all strategic objects in Russian will be targeted by aerospace defense systems and there’s great probability that they might be destroyed by the first disarming strike of a potential adversary. The new stage of the scientific revolution having produced new high precision weapons has resulted not only in significant rearrangement of global political layout but also in radical changes in war strategy and has transformed the meaning of military power as a foreign policy tool. Once again it started to be used in minor and major conflicts and wars. The creation of the Eurasian Aerospace Defense depends on success of Eurasian integration processes in military sphere. The author believes that the second decade of XXI century might see a surprise major attack with strategic nonnuclear arms.
Internet communities
Authors: Bolgov R. V.
Published: June 2021

This paper attempts to answer the question of whether the Internet community and the individual users of social networks are actors in world politics. They are gaining political influence, and Web 2.0 technologies are increasingly political. We analyze projects integrating social web services to interact with government information systems by citizens, NGOs and business are analyzed. We identify basic advantages and limitations of using social Internet services in politics. We examine experience of their use in government agencies in several countries. We analyze official documents governing the use of social networks in the interaction of authorities with the citizens and business
BRICS countries in international investment processes
Authors: Vergun A. N.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with investment activity of BRICS countries as their role in global political and economical processes is growing at a quick rate. The author analyses the main trends of export and import of foreign direct investments, defines geographical and branch directions of investment processes, explores the main forms of inflow and outflow of BRICS investments and highlights investment attractiveness of every country. The author draws special attention to the transnational companies of BRICS countries – the driving force of investment flows.
Actions for the Optimization of Russian – Indian Trade Cooperation
Authors: Bondarenko A. D.
Published: June 2021

The article describes current stage of the Russian-Indian trade-economic cooperation. The Author analyses the issues which business have to face approaching the markets of Russia and India. Special emphasis is laid on the measures for the optimization of cooperation.
Offshore from the Point of View of their Russian Participants
Authors: Tatulov K. G.
Published: June 2021

In this article the author publishes the results of his survey of Russian investors’ offshore activity made in the form of an interview of businessmen and consultants from offshore business. The analysis of the collected data is carried out.
On the Religious and Legal Significance of the Consummation of Marriage
Authors: Karpenko K. V.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to this little-studied problem in modern family law as the consummation of marriage. The author analyzes the role and importance of this legal phenomenon in the various religious and legal systems, starting from old Aryan Vedas and ending with the current legislation of several contemporary states. The author arrives to the conclusion that the consummation of marriage has not lost its relevance in the modern family law and still serves as a legal fact, which generates important consequences for the marital relationship.
Social Сomfort in the Сontext of the Processes of Transformation in the Structure of Modern Russian Everyday Life
Authors: Khachetsukov Z. M.
Published: June 2021

This article analyzes the main approaches to the study of the social comfort, its manifestation in the space of everyday life within the modern Russian reality. Some approaches to the everyday life and the main approaches to the nature of social comfort and its dynamics are diseased.
The situation in Afghanistan and its possible evolution in the context of the "factor 2014"
Authors: Orlov A. A.
Published: June 2021

In the article provides an analysis of the situation in Afghanistan in advance of the withdrawal of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) from the country and contains a forecast of possible developments in the next period. The author considers that critical importance for the future of Afghanistan has its integration into the world economy.
Reforming Postgraduate Education System in Russian: the Case of MGIMO
Authors: Kasatkin P. I. , Kharkevich M. V.
Published: June 2021

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U.S. strategy in Central Asia
Authors: Zemskov V. N.
Published: June 2021

The article considers the questions connected with the strategy of the U.S. in Central Asia, which has long-term character. In this connection, the author notes that successive governments of the USA, the American political and expert community, business circles traditionally in the last twenty years pay particular attention to this region, bringing to secure the U.S. presence in the region the concept of "Big Central Asia".
Tribal Structure of the Libyan Society and its Influence on the Political Processes in the Country
Authors: Zinin Y. N.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the impact of tribal structure of the Libyan society to the political processes in the country in the years of Muammar Gaddafi and in the period after the victory of the Libyan opposition, expressed opinions about the possible development of events in the future. In particular, the author does not exclude the prospect of federalization of Libya.
The Concept of National Human Capital in Contemporary Science Studies
Authors: Konnov V. I.
Published: June 2021

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Human Capital and Modern Natura
Authors: Shishkin M. A.
Published: June 2021

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The problem of nationalistic discourse in modern sociologic science
Authors: Lomagina A. V.
Published: June 2021

The notion of discourse represents a major novelty in modern theory of nationalism. Discursive approach as a key method of social investigation continues to earn indisputable authority in modern science. The article is dedicated to study of nationalism as a specific social discourse and the way of cognizing and interpreting social reality.
Feature of Primary and Secondary Modernization of Tula Region in 2000– 2011
Authors: Slobozhanin A. V.
Published: June 2021

Modernization, modernization of regions, types of modernization, development of Tula region, industrial and post-industrial development of Russia
Some features of the causal links in different cultures
Authors: Dolgova E. A.
Published: June 2021

This article touches upon the problem of the meaning of causation and its role in forming and functioning of linguistic and cultural map of the world. The author comes to the conclusion, that in a process of consideration of problems concerned with methods of causal connection organization some specific national features of different nations' relations to some categories, like cause and effect are exposed. The knowledge of the reasons of different events and phenomena occurring in a society assists in a much more successful realization of multicultural communication.
Idea of the Soul in the Japanese and Russian Lingvocultures
Authors: Tatarskaya D. A.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the comparison of Japanese and Russian idea of soul. It touches upon the subject of the place of this concept in the system of values of Japanese and Russian. The author gives a number of arguments for the fact that there is some similarity between Japanese and Russian views on the soul.
Anatoly Andriyovych Krasikov – the Journalist, the Scientist and the Public Figure
Authors: Zhurkin V. V.
Published: June 2021

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PRIVATIZATION OF RUSSIA’S ENERGY ASSETS IN THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
Authors: Borovsky Y. V.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with privatization in Russia’s energy sector with a special focus on a recent purchase of the private TNK-BP by the state-owned Rosneft. The author analyses the past, present and future privatization deals related to the Russian oil, gas and power generation industry as compared to accumulated international experience. For instance, the article displays the ways the Norwegian, Brazilian, French and British authorities privatized national strategic energy assets. The study presented in the article also aims to find out key advantages and disadvantages of state or private ownership in the Russian and global energy industry. For example, it sheds light on some considerable achievements of the Russian state-controlled companies in oil production amid a widespread belief that more than a decade-long growth in the Russian oil industry is due only to private firms that were created in the 1990s. Additionally, the state-controlled Norwegian oil and gas firm Statoil that shows strong operational and financial results on the Norwegian Continental Shelf and abroad is also in the spotlight of the current study. In line with the mentioned takeover of TNK-BP the author examines outcomes of the reorganization of RAO UES of Russia (the dismantled Russian electric power monopoly) that was seen as a massive privatization of the national power industry. Moreover, the study presents two groups of interests prevailing in the Russian government and energy business to give an outlook on the Russian energy industry.
LEASING AS FORM OF STATE-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
Authors: Zavyalova E. B. , Linev I. V.
Published: June 2021

In economy of a number of foreign countries alternatively privatizations of objects, the publicprivate partnership (PPP) concept is widely applied. Interaction of the state and business is characteristic feature of modern mixed economy. The specified partnership is realized with use of diverse models and can accept various forms. The task consists in choosing such form (a legal ground of realization of concrete model) at which PPP will be the most rational and effective. The leasing possessing financial, investment, organizational and operational, service, practical and other advantages, represents one of the most acceptable PPP forms, for realization in modern conditions of domestic economy. The specified advantages of the parties of the contract of leasing and its fundamental difference from the rent, being that when leasing the private sector, entering partnership with the state, not only applies administrative skills, but also invests the capital, are preconditions for its widespread introduction. At the same time, as a whole positive dynamics of development of the market of leasing in the Russian Federation has no steady character. The situation can be broken if return of invested funds is guaranteed to the investor (including foreign) and it will have an opportunity to profit. As the option of a solution is offered to apply non-standard approaches at implementation of leasing operations, in particular - with scoring use. It is necessary to emphasize that application of scoring most effectively when the leasing market is on lifting and demanded there is an efficiency of an assessment of the project and a standart of procedures, and the speed of service of the participants of the leasing contract plays one of leading roles. This advantage, becomes a shortcoming at the current situation in the market when more weighed assessment of risks is required, and for this reason skoring models demand continuous completion and updating with frequency of times in one and a half-two years. Leasing application as the PPP forms, not only the professional experience, effective management, flexibility and efficiency in decision-making will provide, ability to innovation, but also will provide serious investment activity. It in turn will allow to introduce new equipment and more effective technologies, to create the new enterprises, on a labor market to increase demand for highly skilled workers.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE STATE FAMILY POLICY IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES: CHANGING PROBLEMS, PRIORITIES AND PRACTICES
Authors: Noskova A. V.
Published: June 2021

The paper describes some common peculiarities in evolution of the State family politics and policies in Europe since the middle of the XIX century to our days. Неге we define the family policy widely enough as the state activity (ideological, legislative, economic, social) concerning a family. The State family policy has four main dimensions such as demographical, social, gender and existential ones. The analysis of the long-term trends in European family policies made it possible to draw four main periods in its evolution. A set of the main problems, priorities and practices is defined for each period. The article also presents the links between the origin of every new period and the changing families, demographical and social realities. The first period (from the second half of the XIX century till the end of the 1940th) is described as the institutionalization of the European family policy. The main problem of this period is the demographic one. The links between the institutionalization of the European family policy and the changes in family life, demographic and social changes in the boundary of the XIX-XX centuries are shown. The second period (the 1950th) is characterized by the development of the social dimension as a part of the becoming European welfare state. In 1950-s, the main focus in family policies was made on the overcoming of the family poverty. The third period (the 1960th – the end of the 1980th) is characterized by a pluralization of the problems, strategies, measures of family policy under the influence of the differentiation of family structures and styles of family life. The fourth period (from the beginning of the 1990th to the present time) deals with reformatting of the conventional relations of the state and a family in the conditions of a new family, demographic, social and economic European context. The article presents the diversity of the family policy models in the European countries in their connection with the political and ideological factors. Special attention is paid to interdisciplinary scientific family studies which are directed to the practical solution of the modern family problems. It is noted that the European scientific centers for family studies and researches play a significant role in the scientific maintenance of European family policy.
STYLISTIC POTENTIAL OF GERMAN SYNTAX
Authors: Fadeeva L. V.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the stylistic potential of German syntactic means, their expressive–stylistic and functional–stylistic features. The study sets out to reveal the expressive syntactic means. Disorder of a proper sentence structure makes its expressiveness. In contrast to a «syntactic tension», the article analyses a «syntactic loosening» of a normative sentence structure as a current trend in German syntax, as a source of syntactic expressiveness and the most productive instrument of simplification of a sentence structure. Thus, it assimilates to the structure of the everyday language. Syntactic «loosening» of a normative sentence structure is formed by a simple hypotaxis, a failure of closed–in constructions and a lack of grammatical agreement among sentence parts. The study is carried out in the context of historical dynamics. The renunciation of a difficult multi-stage hypotaxis but using of a simple sentence as block structures leads to expression saving and easily understanding. Each of the blocks has a large amount of information. Parts of the sentence are in the same line and are united with nominal juxtaposition. Their development is closely related to the nominalization trend. The influence of colloquial speech on the literary German and its written form, closing to natural speech lead to the renunciation of closed–in constructions. The author proves that the removal of grammatical structures isn't new for the modern literary German, but it presents the perfectly sound tendency. As a result of this study, there is a conclusion that the modification of the grammatical structure isn't the result of an abrupt shift or radical turn but it is a natural continuation of a dynamic process.
TEN YEARS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION IN MGIMO-UNIVERSITY
Authors: Butorina O. V. , Kaveshnikov N. Y.
Published: June 2021

Ten years anniversary of the Department of European Integration in the MGIMO-University gives an opportunity to sum up Department’s achievements and to define the place of the Department in the Russian academic school of European integration studies. The paper consists of three parts. The first presents history the national school of European Integration Studies, since the department of the European Integration in MGIMO-University is an integral part of this scientific school. Authors identify four periods: the formation period (1957 - 1962), the Soviet period of academic research (1962 - 1985), the Russian period within the framework of growing national and international contacts between researchers (1986 - 2000) and the current period, which is characterized by an integrated research environment and a system of university teaching (since early 2000s). The second part describes the process of establishing of the Department and its teaching methods, based on a multidisciplinary approach, strong interplay between teaching and research and integration into the global environment. Authors outline the process of preparation of the first Russian university textbook on European integration, describe its concepts and present opinions of the referees. The third part provides an overview of research activities of the Department and points at main published monographs.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ENERGY POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Kaveshnikov N. Y.
Published: June 2021

The article analyses development of external energy policy of the European Union (EU). In spite of the Lisbon treaty didn’t substantially expend EU powers in external energy policy, European Commission (EC) became more active in recent years. Decision on exchange of information about bilateral energy agreements between Member States (MSs) and third countries may deprive producers of opportunity to differentiate terms of infrastructure projects and energy supply in different MSs. European Commission participation in MSs negotiations with third countries as a guardian of energy market provisions will inevitably increase negotiation power of MSs. Nevertheless, only smooth and modest extension of powers of the EC would be possible because of opposition of numerous countries which makes a search of consensus very difficult. Among priority activities of the EU external energy policy one could identify ‘export’ of energy market provisions in neighbor countries; diversification of suppliers and prioritization of politically selected supply routes; dramatic increase of regulatory activity at EU level. All these activities are partially successful, but they all have some shortages. Several EU legislative and regulatory measures risk to run counter to existing obligations of MSs.
BIRTH-MARKS OF RUSSIAN MENTALITY AND THE CULTURE OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
Authors: Liferov A. P.
Published: June 2021

The paper deals with the analysis of typical features of Russian mentality, the so-called «birthmarks », and their influence upon the ways business is conducted in the global economic markets. The aim of the paper is to examine how historically determined elements of Russian business culture correlate with demands of contemporary international business practice. It is shown that Russian mentality and business, nurtured on the boarder-line between Western and Eastern cultures, possess a dual character. The paper shows the pendulum character of Russian business strategies in their interrelations with other countries. Taking into consideration foreign experts’ appreciation and attitudes the author distinguishes the most typical features of Russian mentality, which demolish the specific attractiveness of Russia. They include predominantly humanitarian, but not practically oriented mentality, changeable interest to foreign contacts, inability to follow treaties, numerous weak points in suggested projects, high expectations at the beginning, dubious character of approaches to problems, etc. The paper generalizes the image of the modern Russian entrepreneur and the way he is perceived abroad.