bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A REVIEW ON VISHAVILWADI AGADA
Authors: NC Jesney Rodrigues , S Gopikrishna
Published: October 2024

Kerala has a proven unique background in the field of toxicology (Visha chikitsa). Many eminent Visha vaidyas in Kerala managed snake bites and other poisonous stings/ bites. Rather than classical Ayurvedic texts, many books were written by the Visha Vaidyas of Kerala based on their practical knowledge. Kriyakoumudi is one such book which describes many yogas which contain herbal and herbo-mineral drugs for the treatment of Visha as well as its complications. Many formulations mentioned in this book, once used as first-line management of poisonous bites and stings, are now being neglected and forgotten. Vishavilwadi agada is one such antitoxic formulation. In the present day, only a few antitoxic formulations and practices are used for the management of poisoning, the reason for the same being the non-availability of the drugs, the controversy regarding the identity of the ingredients of the formulations mentioned in the classical texts and the lack of knowledge about the traditional treatment procedures and formulations. Vishavilwadi agada, once practised as a lifesaving medicine, remains unrecognized.
A REVIEW ON ROLE OF VIRECHANA IN AMAVATA
Authors: Gupta Divya , Sharma Jyoti , Sharma Shri Ram
Published: October 2024

Amavata is made up of two words: Ama and Vata. It is a condition caused by the accumulation of Ama and Vata, and it resembles rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in modern parlance. Shodhana treatments are advised in Ayurveda whereas anti-inflammatory, analgesics, steroids, and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are required for its management as per modern medicine, which are not free from side effects. When Ama and Vata get vitiated consecutively and get deposited in the Koshtha, Trik and Sandhi where they produce Shotha, Shoola, and Stabdhata then the term is known as Amavata. Due to impaired Jatharagni, the Aahar rasa formed is Apakva. This Apakva Aahar rasa thus formed is in the Ama stage, which causes Sarvadoshaprakopa. Ancient Acharyas of Ayurveda have described the sequential employment of Deepana, Pachana, Shodhana, and Shamana therapies in the management of Amavata. According to Acharya Sharangdhara, Virechana is indicated in diseases arising from increased Pitta, and Ama in diseases like udara roga, adhman, for clearing kostha. In Amavata, the main causative factor of disease is Ama. Virechana helps to normalise the pratiloma gati of Vata, which produces symptoms like Anaha, Antrakujana, Vibandha, Kukshikathinya, and Kukshi shoola.
A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF ASTHISAMHARAKADI CHOORNA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ASTHIKSHAYA WITH REFERENCE TO OSTEOPENIA AND OSTEOPOROSIS
Authors: Gowda Prathush NJ , Jain Smitha
Published: October 2024

Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease, representing a major public health issue. Osteopenia & Osteoporosis characterize a spectrum of conditions that present with decreased bone mass and disrupted bone microarchitecture. According to Ayurveda, Asthikshaya (diminution of bone) and Asthisoushirya (porosity of bone) are the two conditions which allies with osteopenia and osteoporosis. Asthikshaya and Asthisoushirya consequently lead to high susceptibility of Asthibhagna (fracture). This bone loss is preventable through adequate nutrition, physical activity and appropriate treatment protocols. Detection and prevention in early stages is essential as it may cause burden at individual and socioeconomic level. Ayurveda provides several therapeutic approaches to remodel the depleted or degenerated tissues. Oral administration of Oushadha yogas (medicinal formulations) is one of the highly accepted therapeutic modality. Asthisamharakadi choorna is one such polyherbal formulation which is mentioned in Chakradatta in the context of Bhagna Chikitsa. The review aims to ascertain the pharmacological effects of ingredients of Asthisamharakadi choorna and to propose its probable mode of action in Asthikshaya (osteopenia). The detailed review of the formulation and its constituents was carried from several Ayurvedic classical texts and published research articles. This review presents a detailed understanding on anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and osteoblastogenesis activity of phytoconstituents of Asthisamharakadi choorna. It enables to comprehend the bone remodelling and stabilizing effect of phytoconstituents present in each ingredient of Asthisamharakadi choorna. The pharmacological appraisal of the formulation encourages the clinical employability of Asthisamharakadi choorna for the prevention and management of Asthikshaya or Asthisoushirya, osteopenia and osteoporosis.
SIDDHA HERBS AND MEDICINES FOR THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER WITH EMPHASIS ON CELL LINE ACTIVITY: A REVIEW
Authors: B Akila , B Bharathi , T Monika
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. It causes major morbidity and mortality. Current treatment options for breast carcinoma include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy.The main challenge lies in treating the disease with fewer side effects and patient compliance as the above-mentioned therapies cause general as well as local complications. Siddha literature has many herbal, metallic and mineral preparations to treat breast cancer which can be used as an adjunct for treating breast cancer. For this review, the literature on diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer was collected from multiple sources like Siddha classical texts, traditional books, Siddha cyclopaedic medical dictionary. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate, document and discusses the important Siddha herbal, herbo-mineral and external medicines with Botanical name, Tamil name, Pharmacological activity and cell line model used in treatment of breast carcinoma.
Assessment of Adolescents (10-19 years) Well-being in Afghanistan: Analysis Based on Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys 2022-23
Authors: Cheboi Asseneth Jerotich , Kalanda Boniface Francis
Published: October 2024

Aim: Adolescents are an increasing proportion of Afghanistan’s population, and adolescence is recognized as a critical stage during which behavioural patterns, risks and challenges that can have lifelong effects on the wellbeing of adolescents.  This paper seeks to provide an in-depth exploration of the well-being of adolescents age 10-19 in Afghanistan, a nation marked by complex sociopolitical dynamics and a long decade of conflict.
Methodology: Analysis of adolescent data for individuals age 10-19 from UNICEF Afghanistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2022-23 datasets, using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Results: The challenges confronting adolescents in Afghanistan are manifold, encompassing socio-economic disparities, limited access to education and healthcare, gender inequities, and the ubiquitous threat of violence and displacement. Factors such as widespread poverty, entrenched harmful practices, and disrupted infrastructure exacerbate their vulnerability, impeding their ability to thrive and fulfill their potential. Moreover, the erosion of social support systems and the traumas of conflict exert a profound toll on their mental and emotional well-being, perpetuating cycles of distress and instability. The analysis shows that wealth quintiles and mothers' level of education significantly influenced outcomes for adolescents across areas such as child marriage, child labor, education attainment, access to literacy and ICT skills and mental health.
Conclusion: Adolescents age (10-19) face multi-layered challenges which affects their well-being. A multisectoral approach with a focus on adolescents from low wealth quintiles, and improvement of mothers’ knowledge is imperative to address most of the challenges faced by adolescents in Afghanistan to promote holistic to support fulfillment of their rights and well-being.
Supercritical CO2 Extraction and HPLC Quantification of Carnosic Acid from the leaves of Rosemary Officinalis: A Green Approach to Bioactive Compound Purification
Authors: Manikyam Hemanth Kumar , J Dhanaseelan , Mani Jayaraj
Published: October 2024

This study explores the extraction and purification of carnosic acid, a potent antioxidant found in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), using a green and sustainable method involving supercritical CO₂. The extraction was conducted at 45°C and 350 bar, with three cycles lasting 45 minutes each. The process resulted in the collection of 75 grams of oleoresin from 1 kg of dried rosemary leaves which is an optimal yield. The oleoresin underwent further purification via hexane precipitation, yielding a carnosic acid powder with a purity of 40% as determined by Gradient elution of Mobile phase A: Methanol: Water + Phosphoric acid solution, Mobile phase B: Methanol: Acetonitrile + Phosphoric acid solution by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Comparisons with a 60% purity standard highlight the potential of supercritical CO₂ extraction in obtaining bioactive compounds, though additional optimization is necessary to achieve higher purity.
Antagonistic Effect of Crude Bacteriocin Produced by Chungangia koreensis Strain CAU 9163 against Campylobacter spp.
Authors: Uzor B. C. , Umeh S.O.
Published: October 2024

This study aims to detect the antagonistic effect of crude bacteriocin produced by Chungangia koreensis strain CAU 9163, isolated from fermented cereal slurry (pap) and determine its inhibitory spectra against two species of Campylobacter, a leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrheal disease worldwide. The Chungangia koreensis CAU 9163, a Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain isolated from pap, could produce crude bacteriocin that inhibited Campylobacter jejuni and coli. The crude bacteriocin was stable at 600C for 15 minutes and at acidic to slight alkali pH of 4 to 8. It was stable in the presence of amylase and lipase enzymes and deactivated in the presence of pepsin and proteinase k enzyme. The bacteriocin had a molecular weight of 5.6KDa. This study shows that bacteriocin producing Chungangia koreensis CAU 9163 could potentially be used as a bio-preservative for food products.
Spatial Variation of Microclimatic Parameters Inside a Polyhouse with Fog Cooling System
Authors: Supraja K.V.L. , Krupavathi K. , Babu G. Ravi , Rao Ch. Someswara
Published: October 2024

The importance of protected cultivation is increasing day by day due to its capability of producing crop all round the year and increase in the crop productivity. This advantage of protected cultivation can be efficiently achieved by adapting the polyhouse cultivation. To obtain the maximum crop productivity inside a polyhouse, it is necessary to understand the variability of microclimate inside it. The present study aims to understand the spatial variability of microclimate inside a naturally ventilated polyhouse installed with fog cooling system during summer season. The main aim of the study is to understand the effect of fogging system in spatial variability of microclimate. For the study, the data of microclimatic parameters were collected daily from April to June at four different time intervals 8.30 AM, 12.30 PM, 4.30 PM and 8.30 PM. The data recorded was then analyzed in Golden Surfer Software to generate contour plots of weekly averages of microclimate parameters. The analysis revealed that the temperature and relative humidity varied across the polyhouse depending upon the wind velocity and its distribution pattern. The light intensity varied based upon the orientation of polyhouse and the position of sun. Carbon dioxide concentration varied based on temperature, light intensity, crop transpiration and respiration.  It can be concluded that, inside a naturally ventilated polyhouse, the microclimate varied both spatially and temporally with fogging system also due to wind effect. Thus, having accurate understanding of the microclimate inside a polyhouse helps to maintain optimal conditions for plant growth and thus improve crop yield and productivity.
Translation‐dependent mRNA cleavage by YhaV in Escherichia coli
Authors: Choi Wonho , Yamaguchi Yoshihiro , Lee Jae‐Woo , Jang Kyung‐Min , Inouye Masayori , Kim Sung‐Gun , Yoon Min‐Ho , Park Jung‐Ho
Published: June 2017

Many bacteria have toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems, where toxin gene expression inhibits their own cell growth. mRNA is one of the well‐known targets of the toxins in the type II toxin–antitoxin systems. Here, we examined the ribosome dependency of the endoribonuclease activity of YhaV, one of the toxins in type II TA systems, on mRNA in vitro and in vivo. A polysome profiling assay revealed that YhaV is bound to the 70S ribosomes and 50S ribosomal subunits. Moreover, we found that while YhaV cleaves ompF and lpp mRNAs in a translation‐dependent manner, they did not cleave the 5′ untranslated region in primer extension experiments. From these results, we conclude that YhaV is a ribosome‐dependent toxin that cleaves mRNA in a translation‐dependent manner.
Observations of wave‐induced pore pressure gradients and bed level response on a surf zone sandbar
Authors: Anderson Dylan , Cox Dan , Mieras Ryan , Puleo Jack A. , Hsu Tian‐Jian
Published: June 2017

Horizontal and vertical pressure gradients may be important physical mechanisms contributing to onshore sediment transport beneath steep, near‐breaking waves in the surf zone. A barred beach was constructed in a large‐scale laboratory wave flume with a fixed profile containing a mobile sediment layer on the crest of the sandbar. Horizontal and vertical pore pressure gradients were obtained by finite differences of measurements from an array of pressure transducers buried within the upper several centimeters of the bed. Colocated observations of erosion depth were made during asymmetric wave trials with wave heights between 0.10 and 0.98 m, consistently resulting in onshore sheet flow sediment transport. The pore pressure gradient vector within the bed exhibited temporal rotations during each wave cycle, directed predominantly upward under the trough and then rapidly rotating onshore and downward as the wavefront passed. The magnitude of the pore pressure gradient during each phase of rotation was correlated with local wave steepness and relative depth. Momentary bed failures as deep as 20 grain diameters were coincident with sharp increases in the onshore‐directed pore pressure gradients, but occurred at horizontal pressure gradients less than theoretical critical values for initiation of the motion for compact beds. An expression combining the effects of both horizontal and vertical pore pressure gradients with bed shear stress and soil stability is used to determine that failure of the bed is initiated at nonnegligible values of both forces.
The impacts of ocean bottom roughness and tidal flow amplitude on abyssal mixing
Authors: Hibiya Toshiyuki , Ijichi Takashi , Robertson Robin
Published: June 2017

Existing parameterizations of vertical mixing over a rough ocean bottom neglect the transformation of linear internal waves into quasi‐steady internal lee waves, which occurs when tide‐topography interactions strengthen. In the present study, we perform a series of eikonal calculations to investigate the energy transfers from upward propagating quasi‐steady internal lee waves to dissipation scales through nonlinear interactions with the background Garrett‐Munk internal waves. For a fixed density stratification, the vertical group velocity of the quasi‐steady internal lee wave increases as either the horizontal wave number of the bottom topography or the tidal flow amplitude increases, whereas the life time of the quasi‐steady internal lee wave decreases as the horizontal wave number of the bottom topography increases but is relatively independent of the tidal flow amplitude. Consequently, the resulting bottom‐enhanced vertical mixing extends further upward as the tidal flow amplitude increases, nearly independent of the bottom roughness. We also find a tradeoff between the fraction of energy dissipated at the ocean bottom and the vertical extent of the energy dissipation region above the ocean bottom.
Faulting and off‐axis submarine massive sulfide accumulation at slow spreading mid‐ocean ridges: A numerical modeling perspective
Authors: Andersen C. , Theissen‐Krah S. , Hannington M. , Rüpke L. , Petersen S.
Published: June 2017

The potential of mining seafloor massive sulfide deposits for metals such as Cu, Zn, and Au is currently debated. One key challenge is to predict where the largest deposits worth mining might form, which in turn requires understanding the pattern of subseafloor hydrothermal mass and energy transport. Numerical models of heat and fluid flow are applied to illustrate the important role of fault zone properties (permeability and width) in controlling mass accumulation at hydrothermal vents at slow spreading ridges. We combine modeled mass‐flow rates, vent temperatures, and vent field dimensions with the known fluid chemistry at the fault‐controlled Logatchev 1 hydrothermal field of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. We predict that the 135 kilotons of SMS at this site (estimated by other studies) can have accumulated with a minimum depositional efficiency of 5% in the known duration of hydrothermal venting (58,200 year age of the deposit). In general, the most productive faults must provide an efficient fluid pathway while at the same time limit cooling due to mixing with entrained cold seawater. This balance is best met by faults that are just wide and permeable enough to control a hydrothermal plume rising through the oceanic crust. Model runs with increased basal heat input, mimicking a heat flow contribution from along‐axis, lead to higher mass fluxes and vent temperatures, capable of significantly higher SMS accumulation rates. Nonsteady state conditions, such as the influence of a cooling magmatic intrusion beneath the fault zone, also can temporarily increase the mass flux while sustaining high vent temperatures.
Spatial and temporal uplift history of South America from calibrated drainage analysis
Authors: Rodríguez Tribaldos V. , White N. J. , Roberts G. G. , Hoggard M. J.
Published: June 2017

A multidisciplinary approach is used to analyze the Cenozoic uplift history of South America. Residual depth anomalies of oceanic crust abutting this continent help to determine the pattern of present‐day dynamic topography. Admittance analysis and crustal thickness measurements indicate that the elastic thickness of the Borborema and Altiplano regions is
km with evidence for sub‐plate support at longer wavelengths. A drainage inventory of 1827 river profiles is assembled and used to investigate landscape development. Linear inverse modeling enables river profiles to be fitted as a function of the spatial and temporal history of regional uplift. Erosional parameters are calibrated using observations from the Borborema Plateau and tested against continent‐wide stratigraphic and thermochronologic constraints. Our results predict that two phases of regional uplift of the Altiplano plateau occurred in Neogene times. Regional uplift of the southern Patagonian Andes also appears to have occurred in Early Miocene times. The consistency between observed and predicted histories for the Borborema, Altiplano, and Patagonian plateaux implies that drainage networks record coherent signals that are amenable to simple modeling strategies. Finally, the predicted pattern of incision across the Amazon catchment constrains solid sedimentary flux at the Foz do Amazonas. Observed and calculated flux estimates match, suggesting that erosion and deposition were triggered by regional Andean uplift during Miocene times.
Receiver function and gravity constraints on crustal structure and vertical movements of the Upper Mississippi Embayment and Ozark Uplift
Authors: Liu Lin , Gao Stephen S. , Liu Kelly H. , Mickus Kevin
Published: June 2017

The Upper Mississippi Embayment (UME), where the seismically active New Madrid Seismic Zone resides, experienced two phases of subsidence commencing in the Late Precambrian and Cretaceous, respectively. To provide new constraints on models proposed for the mechanisms responsible for the subsidence, we computed and stacked P‐to‐S receiver functions recorded by 49 USArray and other seismic stations located in the UME and the adjacent Ozark Uplift and modeled Bouguer gravity anomaly data. The inferred thickness, density, and Vp/Vs of the upper and lower crustal layers suggest that the UME is characterized by a mafic and high‐density upper crustal layer of ∼30 km thickness, which is underlain by a higher‐density lower crustal layer of up to ∼15 km. Those measurements, in the background of previously published geological observations on the subsidence and uplift history of the UME, are in agreement with the model that the Cretaceous subsidence, which was suggested to be preceded by an approximately 2 km uplift, was the consequence of the passage of a previously proposed thermal plume. The thermoelastic effects of the plume would have induced wide‐spread intrusion of mafic mantle material into the weak UME crust fractured by Precambrian rifting and increased its density, resulting in renewed subsidence after the thermal source was removed. In contrast, the Ozark Uplift has crustal density, thickness, and Vp/Vs measurements that are comparable to those observed on cratonic areas, suggesting an overall normal crust without significant modification by the proposed plume, probably owing to the relatively strong and thick lithosphere.
Observation of Tropical Cyclone‐Induced Shallow Water Currents in Taiwan Strait
Authors: Shen Junqiang , Qiu Yun , Zhang Shanwu , Kuang Fangfang
Published: June 2017

The data from three stations equipped with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) deployed in the shallow water of the Taiwan Strait (TWS) were used to study the shallow coastal ocean response to five quasi‐continuous tropical cyclone (TC) events in the late summer 2006. We revealed that, in the forced stage, when the large and strong TC (Bilis) transited, the geostrophic currents were formed which dominated the whole event, while the strong but relatively small one (Saomai) or the weak one (Bopha) primarily leaded to the generation of Ekman currents. In the relaxation stage, the barotropic subinertial waves and/or the baroclinic near‐inertial oscillations (NIOs) were triggered. Typically, during the transit of the Saomai, subinertial waves were induced which demonstrated a period of 2.8–4.1 days and a mean alongshore phase velocity of 14.9 ± 3.2 m/s in the form of free‐barotropic continental shelf waves. However, the NIOs are only notable in the area in which the water column is stably stratified and also where the wind stress is dominated by the clockwise component and accompanied by high‐frequency (near‐inertial) variations. We also demonstrated that, due to the damping effects, the nonlinear wave‐wave interaction (e.g., between NIO and semidiurnal tide in our case), together with the well‐known bottom friction, led to the rapid decay of the observed TC‐induced near‐inertial currents, giving a typical e‐folding time scale of 1–3 inertial periods. Moreover, such nonlinear wave‐wave interaction was even found to play a major role during the spring tide in TWS.
Formation of sea ice bridges in narrow straits in response to wind and water stresses
Authors: Rallabandi Bhargav , Zheng Zhong , Winton Michael , Stone Howard A.
Published: June 2017

Ice bridges are rigid structures composed of sea ice that form seasonally in the many straits and channels of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Driven primarily by atmospheric stresses, these ice bridges are formed when sufficiently thick ice “jams” during the course of its flow between land masses, resulting in a region of stationary compacted ice that is separated from a region of flowing open water (a polynya) by a static arch. Using a continuum description of sea ice that is widely used in climate modeling, we present an asymptotic theory of the process of formation of such bridges in slender channels when the motion of the ice is driven by external wind and water stresses. We show that for an arbitrary channel shape, ice bridges can only form within a range of ice properties that is determined by the channel geometry and the external stress. We then compare the results of our theory with direct numerical simulations and observational evidence. Finally, we provide simple analytical expressions for the mean velocity of the ice flow as a function of the channel shape, the properties of the ice, and the wind and water stresses along the channel.
The non–storm time corrugated upper thermosphere: What is beyond MSIS?
Authors: Liu Huixin , Thayer Jeff , Zhang Yongliang , Lee Woo Kyoung
Published: June 2017

Observations in the recent decade have revealed many thermospheric density corrugations/perturbations under nonstorm conditions (Kp < 2). They are generally not captured by empirical models like Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter (MSIS) but are operationally important for long‐term orbital evolution of Low Earth Orbiting satellites and theoretically for coupling processes in the atmosphere‐ionosphere system. We review these density corrugations by classifying them into three types which are driven respectively by the lower atmosphere, ionosphere, and solar wind/magnetosphere. Model capabilities in capturing these features are discussed. A summary table of these corrugations is included to provide a quick guide on their magnitudes, occurring latitude, local time, and season.
Validation of a method for in vivo 3D dose reconstruction in SBRT using a new transmission detector
Authors: Nakaguchi Yuji , Ono Takeshi , Maruyama Masato , Shimohigashi Yoshinobu , Kai Yudai
Published: June 2017

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) involves the delivery of substantially larger doses over fewer fractions than conventional therapy. Therefore, SBRT treatments will strongly benefit patients using vivo patient dose verification, because the impact of the fraction is large. For in vivo measurements, a commercially available quality assurance (QA) system is the COMPASS system (IBA Dosimetry, Germany). For measurements, the system uses a new transmission detector (Dolphin, IBA Dosimetry). In this study, we evaluated the method for in vivo 3D dose reconstruction for SBRT using this new transmission detector. We confirmed the accuracy of COMPASS with Dolphin for SBRT using multi leaf collimator (MLC) test patterns and clinical SBRT cases. We compared the results between the COMPASS, the treatment planning system, the Kodak EDR2 film, and the Monte Carlo (MC) calculations. MLC test patterns were set up to investigate various aspects of dose reconstruction for SBRT: (a) simple open fields (2 × 2–10 × 10 cm2), (b) a square wave chart pattern, and (c) the MLC position detectability test in which the MLCs were changed slightly. In clinical cases, we carried out 6 and 8 static IMRT beams for SBRT in the lung and liver. For MLC test patterns, the differences between COMPASS and MC were around 3%. The COMPASS with the dolphin system showed sufficient resolution in SBRT. For clinical cases, COMPASS can detect small changes for the dose profile and dose–volume histogram. COMPASS also showed good agreement with MC. We can confirm the feasibility of SBRT QA using the COMPASS system with Dolphin. This method was successfully operated using the new transmission detector and verified by measurements and MC.
Improved sand erosion resistance and mechanical properties of multifunctional carbon nanofiber nanopaper‐enhanced fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Zhang Dan , Cabrera Eusebio , Zhao Yanan , Zhao Ziwei , Castro Jose M. , Lee Ly J.
Published: June 2017

Multifunctional carbon nanofiber (CNF) nanopaper‐enhanced glass fiber reinforced epoxy polymer composites (GFRPC) with improved sand erosion resistance, mechanical properties, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding have been fabricated and tested in this work. Preformed CNF thin film or nanopaper, made of dense and entangled nanofiber networks, was molded on the surface of GFRPC as a surface protection layer by vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding. A fivefold improvement in sand erosion resistance in terms of sand erosion rate, and up to 24% improvement in flexural strength were achieved after the incorporation of CNF nanopaper onto thin GFRPC. The CNF nanopaper‐enhanced GFRPC showed an EMI shielding of 33–40 dB within a frequency range of 30 MHz to 1.5 GHz. This multifunctional composite material shows good potential for use in wind power industry, commercial electronics housings, and the automotive industry.
Integrated B2B‐NMPC control strategy for batch/semibatch crystallization processes
Authors: Su Qinglin , Chiu Min‐Sen , Braatz Richard D.
Published: June 2017

The uncertainty in crystallization kinetics is of major concern in manufacturing processes, which can result in deterioration of most model‐based control strategies. In this study, uncertainties in crystallization kinetic parameters were characterized by Bayesian probability distributions. An integrated B2B‐NMPC control strategy was proposed to first update the kinetic parameters from batch to batch using a multiway partial least‐squares (MPLS) model, which described the variances of kinetic parameters from that of process variables and batch‐end product qualities. The process model with updated kinetic parameters was then incorporated into an NMPC design, the extended prediction self‐adaptive control (EPSAC), for online control of the final product qualities. Promising performance of the proposed integrated strategy was demonstrated in a simulated semibatch pH‐shift reactive crystallization process to handle major crystallization kinetic uncertainties of L‐glutamic acid, wherein smoother and faster convergences than the conventional B2B control were observed when process dynamics were shifted among three scenarios of kinetic uncertainties. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2017
Prediction of maximum recoverable mechanical energy via work integration: A thermodynamic modeling and analysis approach
Authors: Amini‐Rankouhi Aida , Huang Yinlun
Published: June 2017

Thermal energy and mechanical energy are two common forms of energy consumed significantly in the process industries. While thermal energy can be effectively recovered using matured heat integration technologies, recovery of mechanical energy through work integration has not been fully explored. It is shown that work integration can be achieved through synthesizing work exchange networks (WENs), where work exchangers are operated in a batch mode, and compressors and expanders are operated in a continuous mode; this renders network synthesis a very sophisticated design task. It is greatly beneficial if the maximum amount of mechanical energy recoverable by a WEN can be determined prior to network design. In this article, we introduce a thermodynamic modeling and analysis method to identify accurately the maximum amount of recoverable mechanical energy of any process system of interest. The method is rigorous and general for target setting of mechanical energy recovery prior to WEN synthesis. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2017
Teaching Tradition: Diverse Perspectives on the Pilot Urban American Indian Traditional Spirituality Program
Authors: Gone Joseph P. , Blumstein Katherine P. , Dominic David , Fox Nickole , Jacobs Joan , Lynn Rebecca S. , Martinez Michelle , Tuomi Ashley
Published: June 2017

Many urban American Indian community members lack access to knowledgeable participation in indigenous spiritual practices. And yet, these sacred traditional activities remain vitally important to their reservation‐based kin. In response, our research team partnered with an urban American Indian health center in Detroit for purposes of developing a structured program to facilitate more ready access to participation in indigenous spiritual knowledge and practices centered on the sweat lodge ceremony. Following years of preparation and consultation, we implemented a pilot version of the Urban American Indian Traditional Spirituality Program in the spring of 2016 for 10 urban AI community participants. Drawing on six first‐person accounts about this program, we reflect on its success as a function of participant meaningfulness, staff support, mitigated sensitivities, and program structure. We believe that these observations will enable other community psychologists to undertake similar program development in service to innovative and beneficial impacts on behalf of their community partners.
A heritable microduplication encompassing TBL1XR1 causes a genomic sister‐disorder for the 3q26.32 microdeletion syndrome
Authors: Riehmer Vera , Erger Florian , Herkenrath Peter , Seland Saskia , Jackels Miriam , Wiater Alfred , Heller Raoul , Beck Bodo B. , Netzer Christian
Published: June 2017

Recently, a new syndrome with intellectual disability (ID) and dysmorphic features due to deletions or point mutations within the TBL1XR1 gene located in the chromosomal band 3q26.32 has been described (MRD41, OMIM 616944). One recurrent point mutation in the TBL1XR1 gene has been identified as the cause of Pierpont syndrome (OMIM 602342), a distinct intellectual disability syndrome with plantar lipomatosis. In addition, different de novo point mutations in the TBL1XR1 gene have been found in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability. Here, we report four patients from two unrelated families in whom array‐CGH analysis and real‐time quantitative PCR of genomic DNA revealed a TBL1XR1‐microduplication. Adjacent genes were not affected. The microduplication occurred as a de novo event in one patient, whereas the other three cases occurred in two generations of a second, unrelated family. We compare and contrast the clinical findings in TBL1XR1 microdeletion, point mutation, and microduplication cases and expand the TBL1XR1‐associated phenotypic spectrum. ID, hearing loss, and ASD are common features of TBL1XR1‐associated diseases. Our clinical observations add to the increasing evidence of the role of TBL1XR1 in brain development, and they simultaneously demonstrate that different genetic disease mechanisms affecting TBL1XR1 can lead to similar ID phenotypes. The TBL1XR1‐microduplication syndrome is an intellectual disability/learning disability syndrome with associated incomplete penetrance ASD, hearing loss, and delay of puberty. Its phenotypic overlap indicates that it is a genomic sister‐disorder to the 3q26.32 microdeletion syndrome.
Auditory and otologic profile of Alström syndrome: Comprehensive single center data on 38 patients
Authors: Lindsey Spencer , Brewer Carmen , Stakhovskaya Olga , Kim Hung Jeffrey , Zalewski Chris , Bryant Joy , King Kelly A. , Naggert Jürgen K. , Gahl William A. , Marshall Jan D. , Gunay‐Aygun Meral
Published: June 2017

Alström syndrome (AS) is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy caused by mutations in the ALMS1 gene. Hallmark characteristics include childhood onset of severe retinal degeneration, sensorineural hearing loss, obesity, insulin‐resistant diabetes, and cardiomyopathy. Here we comprehensively characterize the auditory and otologic manifestations in a prospective case series of 38 individuals, aged 1.7–37.9 years, with genetically confirmed AS. Hearing loss was preceded by retinal dystrophy in all cases, and had an average age of detection of 7.45 years (range 1.5–15). Audiometric assessments showed mean pure tone averages (0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz) of 48.6 and 47.5 dB HL in the right and left ears, respectively. Hearing was within normal limits for only 8/74 ears (11%). For the 66 ears with hearing loss, the degree was mild (12%), moderate (54%), or severe (8%). Type of hearing loss was predominantly sensorineural (77%), while three ears had mixed loss, no ears had conductive loss, and type of hearing loss was indeterminate for the remaining 12 ears. Serial audiograms available for 33 patients showed hearing loss progression of approximately 10–15 dB/decade. Our data show that hearing loss associated with AS begins in childhood and is a predominantly symmetric, sensory hearing loss that may progress to a severe degree. Absent otoacoustic emissions, intact speech discrimination, and disproportionately normal auditory brainstem responses suggest an outer hair cell site of lesion. These findings indicate that individuals with AS would benefit from sound amplification and if necessary, cochlear implantation.
Interdisciplinary care in disorders/differences of sex development (DSD): The psychosocial component of the DSD—Translational research network
Authors: Sandberg David E. , Gardner Melissa , Callens Nina , Mazur Tom ,   the DSD‐TRN Psychosocial Workgroup, the DSD‐TRN Advocacy Advisory Network, and Accord Alliance
Published: June 2017

Scientific discovery and clinical management strategies for Disorders/Differences of Sex Development (DSD) have advanced in recent years. The 2006 Consensus Statement on Management of Intersex Disorders stated that a mental health component to care is integral to promote positive adaptation, yet the parameters of this element have not been described. The objective of this paper is threefold: to describe the psychosocial screening protocol adopted by the clinical centers of the DSD‐Translational Research Network; to summarize psychosocial data collected at 1 of the 10 network sites; and to suggest how systematic behavioral health screenings can be employed to tailor care in DSD that results in better health and quality of life outcomes. Steps taken in developing the largely “noncategorical” screening protocol are described. These preliminary findings suggest that DSD, as one category of pediatric chronic conditions, is not associated with marked disturbances of psychosocial adaptation, either for the family or the child; however, screening frequently uncovered “risk factors” for individual families or patients that can potentially be addressed in the context of ongoing clinical care. Administration of the DSD‐TRN psychosocial screening protocol was demonstrated to be feasible in the context of interdisciplinary team care and was acceptable to families on a longitudinal basis. The ultimate value of systematic screening will be demonstrated through a tailoring of psychosocial, medical and surgical services, based on this information that enhances the quality of patient and family‐centered care and subsequent outcomes.
Error in geometric morphometric data collection: Combining data from multiple sources
Authors: Robinson Chris , Terhune Claire E.
Published: June 2017

Objectives

This study compares two‐ and three‐dimensional morphometric data to determine the extent to which intra‐ and interobserver and intermethod error influence the outcomes of statistical analyses.

Materials and Methods

Data were collected five times for each method and observer on 14 anthropoid crania using calipers, a MicroScribe, and 3D models created from NextEngine and microCT scans. ANOVA models were used to examine variance in the linear data at the level of genus, species, specimen, observer, method, and trial. Three‐dimensional data were analyzed using geometric morphometric methods; principal components analysis was employed to examine how trials of all specimens were distributed in morphospace and Procrustes distances among trials were calculated and used to generate UPGMA trees to explore whether all trials of the same individual grouped together regardless of observer or method.

Results

Most variance in the linear data was at the genus level, with greater variance at the observer than method levels. In the 3D data, interobserver and intermethod error were similar to intraspecific distances amongCallicebus cupreusindividuals, with interobserver error being higher than intermethod error. Generally, taxa separate well in morphospace, with different trials of the same specimen typically grouping together. However, trials of individuals in the same species overlapped substantially with one another.

Conclusion

Researchers should be cautious when compiling data from multiple methods and/or observers, especially if analyses are focused on intraspecific variation or closely related species, as in these cases, patterns among individuals may be obscured by interobserver and intermethod error. Conducting interobserver and intermethod reliability assessments prior to the collection of data is recommended.
GPS‐identified, low‐level nocturnal activity of vervets (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) and olive baboons (Papio anubis) in Laikipia, Kenya
Authors: Isbell Lynne A. , Bidner Laura R. , Crofoot Margaret C. , Matsumoto‐Oda Akiko , Farine Damien R.
Published: June 2017

Objectives

Except for owl monkeys (Aotus spp.), all anthropoid primates are considered strictly diurnal. Recent studies leveraging new technologies have shown, however, that some diurnal anthropoids also engage in nocturnal activity. Here we examine the extent to which vervets (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) and olive baboons (Papio anubis) are active at night.

Materials and Methods

We deployed GPS collars with tri‐axial accelerometer data loggers on 18 free‐ranging adult females: 12 vervets spread among 5 social groups, and 6 olive baboons spread among 4 groups. Their locations were recorded every 15 min, and their activity levels, for 3 s/min over 7.5 months. We also used camera traps that were triggered by heat and movement at seven sleeping sites.

Results

Travel was detected on 0.4% of 2,029 vervet‐nights involving 3 vervets and 1.1% of 1,109 baboon‐nights involving 5 baboons. Travel was mainly arboreal for vervets but mainly terrestrial for baboons. During the night, vervets and baboons were active 13% and 15% of the time, respectively. Activity varied little throughout the night and appeared unaffected by moon phase.

Discussion

Our results confirm the low nocturnality of vervets and olive baboons, which we suggest is related to living near the equator with consistent 12‐hr days, in contrast to other anthropoids that are more active at night. Since anthropoid primates are thought to have evolved in northern latitudes, with later dispersal to tropical latitudes, our results may have implications for understanding the evolution of anthropoid diurnality.
Delivering irrigation to the anterior ethmoid region: evaluation of a lacrimal diversion device in a cadaver model
Authors: Tajudeen Bobby A. , Gupta Sanjay , Willoughby Brian , Kennedy David W.
Published: June 2017

Background

Topical solutions to the sinus cavity are primarily administered via a transnasal route with inherent limitations of distribution. Here we describe an alternate method of sinus access via lacrimal sinus diversion using a novel lacrimal diversion device (LDD).

Methods

A cadaveric study was performed using 12 disarticulated fresh heads. The LDD was implanted in 23 sides meeting insertion criteria. Time to placement was recorded and patency was assessed via nasal endoscopy. Methylene blue was administered via the LDD and 16 sides underwent surgical ethmoidectomy to assess distribution of mucosal staining. Four cadavers underwent computed tomography (CT) imaging to demonstrate stent position.

Results

Mean time of placement was 3.66 ± 2.37 minutes (mean ± standard deviation [SD]). Patency rate was 100%. Six sides (37.5%) had anterior ethmoid staining, 6 sides (37.5%) had posterior ethmoid staining, and the remaining 4 sides (25%) had mixed anterior and posterior ethmoid staining. Stents placed optimally resulted in anterior ethmoid staining without complication. Malpositioned stents resulted in posterior ethmoid staining and some inadvertent ethmoid vertical lamella trauma in 2 instances.

Conclusion

Sinus irrigation can be delivered to the ethmoid sinuses directly via a lacrimal diversion stent. Technique modification or image guidance may be helpful in ensuring optimal placement.
Suppression of the Charge Density Wave State in Two‐Dimensional 1T‐TiSe2 by Atmospheric Oxidation
Authors: Sun Lifei , Chen Chuanhui , Zhang Qinghua , Sohrt Christian , Zhao Tianqi , Xu Guanchen , Wang Jinghui , Wang Dong , Rossnagel Kai , Gu Lin , Tao Chenggang , Jiao Liying
Published: June 2017

Two‐dimensional (2D) metallic transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), such as 1T‐TiSe2, have recently emerged as unique platforms for exploring their exciting properties of superconductivity and the charge density wave (CDW). 2D 1T‐TiSe2 undergoes rapid oxidation under ambient conditions, significantly affecting its CDW phase‐transition behavior. We comprehensively investigate the oxidation process of 2D TiSe2 by tracking the evolution of the chemical composition and atomic structure with various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques and reveal its unique selenium‐assisting oxidation mechanism. Our findings facilitate a better understanding of the chemistry of ultrathin TMDCs crystals, introduce an effective method to passivate their surfaces with capping layers, and thus open a way to further explore the functionality of these materials toward devices.
Functional Mechanically Interlocked Molecules: Asymmetric Organocatalysis with a Catenated Bifunctional Brønsted Acid
Authors: Mitra Raja , Zhu Hui , Grimme Stefan , Niemeyer Jochen
Published: June 2017

Interlocked molecules, such as catenanes, rotaxanes, and molecular knots, have become interesting candidates for the development of sophisticated chemical catalysts. Herein, we report the first application of a catenane‐based catalyst in asymmetric organocatalysis, revealing that the catenated catalyst shows dramatically increased stereoselectivities (up to 98 % ee) in comparison to its non‐interlocked analogues. A mechanistic rationale for the observed differences was developed by DFT studies, suggesting that the involvement of two catalytically active groups in the stereodetermining reaction step is responsible for the superior selectivity of the interlocked catalyst.
New bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) palladium complex immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles: as a magnetic reusable catalyst in Suzuki‐Miyaura cross coupling reaction
Authors: Fareghi‐Alamdari Reza , Saeedi Mohammad S. , Panahi Farhad
Published: June 2017

A new bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) (NHC) palladium complex supported on silica coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was prepared using the reaction of synthesized Pd‐NHC complex with MNPs. The Pd‐NHC complex was prepared using the reaction of a hydroxyl‐functionalized bis‐imidazolium ionic liquid. The Pd‐NHC organometallic complex was used as a heterogeneous recyclable and active catalyst in the Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction and various aryl halides were coupled with arylboronic acids in order to synthesize diverse biaryls in good to excellent yields. The prepared catalyst was characterized by use of some different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques including elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance UV–Vis spectrophotometery, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The Pd‐NHC catalyst system is a magnetic reusable catalyst and it can be separated from the reaction mixture using an external magnetic field. The catalyst was reusable in the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction at least for 6 times without significant decreasing in its catalytic activity.
Poly(benzoxazine‐co‐sulfur): An efficient sorbent for mercury removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Akay Sema , Kayan Berkant , Kalderis Dimitrios , Arslan Mustafa , Yagci Yusuf , Kiskan Baris
Published: June 2017

A novel sulfur‐rich adsorbent, poly(BA‐ala‐co‐sulfur), was synthesized by reacting allyl functional benzoxazine (BA‐ala) and elemental sulfur. Simultaneous inverse vulcanization and ring‐opening reactions of benzoxazine generated copolymers in several feed ratios. The adsorption behavior of these copolymers was investigated in aqueous solutions containing Hg2+. A three level Box–Behnken design with four factors was applied in order to examine the interactive effect of Hg2+ concentration (ppm), S % in adsorbent, temperature, and pH. The optimum adsorption conditions were determined as: 10.33 ppm Hg2+, 68% S content, 329 K, and pH 6.3. Common isotherm and kinetic models were applied to the experimental data, where the Langmuir isotherm provided the better fit (qmax = 79.36 mg g−1) and the pseudo‐second order fit indicated chemisorption as the process‐controlling step. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45306.