bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Makes Creative Research (CR) Different from Creativity in Research (CiR)
Authors: Tareq M Zayed
Published: November 2024

Instead of writing something on how to make a systematic and scientific research paper with a creative method, I would rather intend to explain in this paper what makes research creative in three ways. Firstly, in English, creating something means making something new, especially inventing something (Walter, 2004). The act of creation ultimately belongs to God because, according to religions, only He can create out of nothing. Similarly, As an adjective, creative means producing or using original ideas. The important connotation found in words that emerged from ‘create’ is ‘producing positive results’, which is the research outcomes toward social development and change. Therefore, every systematic research should be evaluated against its contribution to social change and development. In other words, every study must mention social and practical implications and theoretical ones.
The Islamic Origins of European Modern Education with an Introduction to Baghdad’s Medieval Muslim Madrasah and Library
Authors: Syed Mahbubul Alam Al-Hasani
Published: November 2024

In many respects, Islamic civilization contributed to Europe, partly through original innovations made during the Islamic golden age, including various fields such as the arts, sciences, medicine, research, agriculture, craft, architecture, music, law, pottery, education, Islamic institutions, etc. Medieval Islamic institutes and their systematic and well-structured education created a background that played a significant role in developing European educational institutions. This paper studies the history of medieval Muslim madrasas and libraries to find Islamic origins in modern European education systems. Madrasahs and libraries have been the most widespread, oldest, active, and well-prepared institutions over the last thousand years. By using historical qualitative research methods, this paper aims to find the terminologies of medieval Muslim institutes still used in modern European universities. This study finds that European education’s academic and administrative systems were developed in the style of the Medieval Muslim Madrasah and the Baghdad Library. This study finds numerous academic and administrative terminologies for modern European educational institutions developed from Islam, much of which was used in the medieval Muslim Madrasah of Baghdad. These two Muslim institutions encompassed many aspects of their education system that were not limited to the Muslim land but spread into modern Europe.
Al-Mawardi’s Paradigmatic Theory of Politics: Imamah or Khilaphah in Theory & Practice
Authors: Md. Rafiqul Islam
Published: November 2024

Abu al Hasan al Mawardi (364 - 450 AH/974 - 1058 CE) flourished at a time of political turmoil & instability during Abbasaid Caliphate in Baghdad. He was one of the greatest of universal figurers in the history of  Islamic culture & heritage. His unique & invaluable contribution was to develop the paradigmatic theory of politics of Imamah or Khilaphah mainly in terms of safeguarding religion for human justice & showed the rules of  administration of goverment in detail. He was a jurist par–excellence , a great scholar, a political thinker, a philosopher & the statesman in true sense writing some of the most important books on Fiqh, Shariyah rules cum Administrative Law & politics who shed the lasting impact upon his contemporary & later thinkers equally. He was the man who made his age his own. Being the Qadhi-ul-Qujat he had to appoint & reject the other Qadhis in different districts & provinces in the Abbasid state & empire. He systematically formulated the paradigmatic theory of Imamah or Khilafah in juristic pattern in Sunni Islam on the precedents of the early Islam & it's polity for the first time in  Muslim political thought in his most monumental work entitled "Al Ahkam as Sultaniyyah– The Ordinances of Government " in the mid 5th Hijra century. The Purpose of writing this book was to provide the contemporary khaliph(s) with the utmost attributes of a true Caliph individually for himself & the basic principles, rules  & key provisions of justice to run the state - empire  successfully, mainly coping with the then challenges coming from the Buwid's Ameers who were the power in fact against the tutal Abbasid Caliphs. Hence, Al Mawardi's prime aim was to integrate the administrative Power of the Vizierate & the Caliphate of the Islamic Empire & civilization to reach the purpose for which the Institution of Caliphate was first established in the Muslim Ummah. The objective of this paper is to examine the theory of Imamah or Khilafa of Al Mawardi & reveal the necessary aspects of it as understood universally in it's true sense for an easy comprehension to the real contexts. The most of the research works & the journals, particularly on his political thought & philosophy written by both the orientalists & the Islamic scholars & thinkers particularly his “Ahkam” have been consulted. And the historical, analytical & qualitative approaches used for the development of this paper. His theory of the Imamah is one of many possible theories of government-as there is no any single theory or political system in Islam– is to say in Sunni Islam– for it's ever space of dynamism in contexts.
Terminal tracheal cells of Drosophila are immune privileged to maintain their Foxo-dependent structural plasticity
Authors: Bossen Judith , Raveendran Reshmi , He Jingjing , Roeder Thomas
Published: November 2024

Respiratory organs fulfill several tasks, of which gas exchange is the most important. This function is also true for the
Drosophila
respiratory organ, the tracheal system, in which the tracheal terminal cells (TTCs), the functional equivalents of the mammalian lung’s alveoli, are the structures where gas exchange occurs. To cope with the plethora of inhaled bacteria, fungi, and viruses, the trachea, like all airway organs, developed a sophisticated innate immune system to protect its large surface area. Bacterial infection of the Drosophila larval tracheal system induced a robust immune response throughout the entire airway epithelium, except for the TTCs that lacked this response. TTCs do not express the membrane-associated peptidoglycan recognition receptor PGRP-LC, which we assume protects these susceptible cells from Immune deficiency (Imd) pathway activation and JNK- mediated cell death. Thus, TTCs can be considered an immune-privileged cell type compared to the rest of the tracheal tissue. Targeted overexpression of PGRP-LCx in these cells led to a significant reduction in branching, cell damage, and ultimately cell death, which depletion of AP-1 or foxo could rescue. We hypothesize that the structural plasticity of TTCs in response to nutritional cues and hypoxia is incompatible with a potent immune function. Both reactions, the structural plasticity, and the immune response, require the transcription factor foxo, and we showed that it is essential for structural plasticity. Thus, the immune-privileged status of TTCs is (presumably) a mechanism that ensures normal TTC function.
Cytosolic S100A8/A9 promotes Ca2+ supply at LFA-1 adhesion clusters during neutrophil recruitment
Authors: Napoli Matteo , Immler Roland , Rohwedder Ina , Lupperger Valerio , Pfabe Johannes , Gonzalez Pisfil Mariano , Yevtushenko Anna , Vogl Thomas , Roth Johannes , Salvermoser Melanie , Dietzel Steffen , Slak Rupnik Marjan , Marr Carsten , Walzog Barbara , Sperandio Markus , Pruenster Monika
Published: November 2024

S100A8/A9 is an endogenous alarmin secreted by myeloid cells during many acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. Despite increasing evidence of the proinflammatory effects of extracellular S100A8/A9, little is known about its intracellular function. Here, we show that cytosolic S100A8/A9 is indispensable for neutrophil post-arrest modifications during outside-in signaling under flow conditions in vitro and neutrophil recruitment in vivo, independent of its extracellular functions. Mechanistically, genetic deletion of S100A9 in mice (

Mrp14
−/−

, functional

S100a8/a9
−/−

) caused dysregulated Ca
2+
signatures in activated neutrophils resulting in reduced Ca
2+
availability at the formed LFA-1/F-actin clusters with defective β
2
integrin outside-in signaling during post-arrest modifications. Consequently, we observed impaired cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell polarization and spreading, as well as cell protrusion formation in

Mrp14
−/−

compared to WT neutrophils, making

Mrp14
−/−

cells more susceptible to detach under flow, thereby preventing efficient neutrophil recruitment and extravasation into inflamed tissue.
Astrocytes mediate two forms of spike timing-dependent depression at entorhinal cortex-hippocampal synapses
Authors: Martínez-Gallego Irene , Coatl-Cuaya Heriberto , Rodríguez-Moreno Antonio
Published: November 2024

The entorhinal cortex (EC) connects to the hippocampus sending different information from cortical areas that is first processed at the dentate gyrus (DG) including spatial, limbic, and sensory information. Excitatory afferents from lateral (LPP) and medial (MPP) perforant pathways of the EC connecting to granule cells of the DG play a role in memory encoding and information processing and are deeply affected in humans suffering Alzheimeŕs disease and temporal lobe epilepsy, contributing to the dysfunctions found in these pathologies. The plasticity of these synapses is not well known yet, as are not known the forms of long-term depression (LTD) existing at those connections. We investigated whether spike timing-dependent long-term depression (t-LTD) exists at these two different EC-DG synaptic connections in mice, and whether they have different action mechanisms. We have found two different forms of t-LTD, at LPP- and MPP-GC synapses and characterised their cellular and intracellular mechanistic requirements. We found that both forms of t-LTD are expressed presynaptically and that whereas t-LTD at LPP-GC synapses does not require NMDAR, t-LTD at MPP-GC synapses requires ionotropic NMDAR containing GluN2A subunits. The two forms of t-LTD require different group I mGluR, mGluR5 LPP-GC synapses and mGluR1 MPP-GC synapses. In addition, both forms of t-LTD require postsynaptic calcium, eCB synthesis, CB1R, astrocyte activity, and glutamate released by astrocytes. Thus, we discovered two novel forms of t-LTD that require astrocytes at EC-GC synapses.
PROGRAM LIFE CYCLE – USING THE EXAMPLE OF A STUDENT PREINCUBATION PROGRAM
Authors: BANAŚ Robert , PERSKA Anita , WEINERT Adam
Published: November 2024

Modern businesses face various challenges, both from their environment and from within. By solving business problems, economic entities can act independently and also collaborate with other organizations, aiming for efficient and effective implementation of strategic and operational changes that make up programs, which have been growing in popularity in recent years. While the literature on the subject describes cooperation inthe implementation of programs between businesses, there is a research gap in relation to intersectoral cooperation for the scope being studied. This article aims to identify the process of initiating, defining, planning, delivering projects, renewal, and program project solutions using the example of a preincubation program. This program is implemented by a manufacturing company located in Poland in collaboration with a third-sector, non-profit entity. The case study method is used in the research process.
INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE RECOMMENDATION Z FROM THE POLISH FINANCIAL SUPERVISION AUTHORITY ON THE PRINCIPLES OF INTERNAL GOVERNANCE IN BANKS
Authors: KURZĘPA-DEDO Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

Corporate governance, which includes, among others, the bank management system, bank organization, and mutual relations of people performing key functions in the bank, after the global financial crisis of 2007, became one of the leading aspects in which banks, as well as national microprudential supervisory authorities, must pay special attention to. This paper aims to present the results of the institutional analysis of the recommendation of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority regarding internal governance in banks, carried out using  a normative set method. Thanks to the application of this research method, the sources of the titular recommendation, its administrators, main beneficiaries, and maleficences are determined, and the selected resulting action plan regarding the policy of approving new banking products is reconstructed. The article also contains conclusions resulting from  the application of the normative set method to the interpretation of regulations classified as soft law.
SAFETY CULTURE OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
Authors: SOMMER Hanna , KOSTECKI Tomasz , ZAKRZEWSKI Grzegorz
Published: November 2024

In this article, an attempt is made to indicate the role and importance of ecosystem services as advantages that are provided to us by the environment. The authors demonstrate selected concepts of ecosystem services and their classification, but only to introduce the reader to pilot studies of the urban ecosystem. The present article aims to define the factors that influence the culture of utilizing ecosystem services in urbanized areas. In this article, a fragment of an urban ecosystem, specifically the Old Town of Gdańsk (which features anthropogenic elements and whose functioning is dependent on ecological and natural systems), is observed through a researcher’s eye. This area is predominantly focused on using international experiences in interdisciplinary research, a dynamically developing new science discipline called “city ecology.” The key research problem of this study is as follows: how can the safety culture be efficiently developed and integrated with the management of ecosystem services to ensure their persistence and resistance to environmental and anthropogenic risks?
Sediment Simulation Using Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP), Co-Active Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (CANFIS) and Multiple Linear Regression Tecniques (MLR) for Hurdag Watershed
Authors: Singh Vikram , Singh Rananjay , Kumari Sonali
Published: November 2024

Sediment modeling plays a crucial role in sustainable water resources planning, development, and management. Techniques like the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Co-active Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (CANFIS), and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) have proven effective for sediment modeling and forecasting. This study aimed to develop and assess the applicability of MLP, CANFIS, and MLR models by training and testing them during the monsoon season (June to September) for the Hurdag watershed in the Damodar-Barakar basin, located in Hazaribagh district, Jharkhand, India. Daily rainfall, runoff (or streamflow), and sediment concentration data from 1997 to 2006 were used, with the data split into two sets: training set (1997–2004) and a testing set (2005–2006). The analysis was conducted using NeuroSolution 5.0 software and Microsoft Excel for performance evaluation indices. The best input combinations for sediment yield simulation were identified, and 10 optimal models were selected from 31 different input combinations. These input combinations were applied to the network for training using the back propagation algorithm for MLP and Gaussian and generalized bell membership functions for CANFIS models. Multiple networks were trained individually, with the most accurate predictions during testing being chosen as the best models. The models’ performance was evaluated using statistical indices such as root mean squared error (RMSE), coefficient of efficiency (CE), and correlation coefficient (r). The results showed that MLP and CANFIS models performed best in predicting sediment concentration for the Hurdag watershed, whereas MLR models showed poor performance for the given dataset. Specifically, sediment concentration for the current day could be modeled using current day rainfall and runoff data (MLP-7), while runoff could be simulated using the previous day's rainfall data (MLP-2).
Optimizing Cookie Formulation Using a Composite Flour Blend of Soybean, Beetroot, and Wheat: Effects on Physicochemical and Phytonutrient Characteristics
Authors: Singla Karishma , Chaudhari Anilkumar R. , Goyal Ankit , Tanwar Beenu , Chaudhary Kundan , Chaudhari Apurva , Patel Himanshu R. , Shah Nihir
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to optimize cookie formulation using a composite flour blend of soybean (SF), beetroot (BF), and wheat (WF). Four blends were formulated: 50% WF:45% SF:5% BF (T1), 50% WF:35% SF:15% BF (T2), 50% WF:25% SF:25% BF (T3), and 100% WF (Control)    (T4) for cookie preparation. The inclusion of SF and BF had significant effects on the physical, chemical, and phytonutrient attributes of the cookies. Results showed an increase in diameter and height with the addition of beetroot and soy flour. T2 had the highest weight (9.57g), diameter (5.42cm), and spread ratio (6.46) among the blends, while T3 had the highest total color difference. T1 cookies had higher levels of protein, crude fiber, total phenolic content, and total antioxidant activity compared to the control. Statistical analysis indicated that the sensory characteristics of the cookies were not significantly affected by the addition of soy and beetroot flours. This study suggests that composite flour cookies enriched with nutritional and antioxidant properties can be developed by incorporating varying levels of beetroot and soy flour alongside wheat flour.
Pharmacognostic Standardization and Chemical Study of Euphorbia nutans Lag. Euphorbiaceae
Authors: Umoh Uwemedimo Francis , Umoh Romanus Asuquo , Johnny Imoh Imeh , Enema Onojah John , Owoba Azibanasamesa D. C. , James Esther
Published: November 2024

Aims: This study was designed to set macro/micro morphological standards, phytochemical and physicochemical parameters for the identification of E. nutans, a traditional remedy for the management of many disesases.
Study Design: To establish pharmacognostic standards for proper identification of E. nutans and also study its phytochemicals using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).
Place and Duration: This work was undertaken at the Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria for three month spanning from April through June, 2022.
Methodology: Examination of microscopic characters, venation, chemomicroscopy, micromeritic properties, fluorescence analysis and phytochemical profiling using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were carried out.
Results: Epidermal cell shapes were irregular with undulate-sinuous anticlinal walls. Stomatal distribution was amphistomatic with anisocytic and anomocytic stomata on both surfaces. Areolation was quadrangular, linear and biforked vein termination. The fluorescence characteristics showed the presence of different colours supporting the presence of various phytoconstituents for both leaf and stem. The flow properties for both leaf and stem were poor while GC-MS analysis of the dichloromethane extracts revealed lupeol (64.05%), 2-methylhexacosane (9.37%), stigmasterol (4.16%) and campesterol (1.29%) as major components in the leaf while campesterol (0.67%), stigmasterol (2.15 %), beta.-sitosterol (6.22%), lupeol (9.85%) and vitamin E (1.05%) for the stem extract.
Conclusion: The results of the study could be useful for correct identification, standardization and preparation of monograph.
Asymmetric Effects and Volatility Clustering in NSE NIFTY 50: A Comparative Analysis of GARCH Models
Authors: Mishra Ravi Ranjan , Mishra Shirish
Published: November 2024

This study aims to analyze the volatility patterns, Clustering, and asymmetric effects in the NSE NIFTY 50 index. It involves using daily returns data from the NSE NIFTY 50 from 01 Jan 2010 to 31 Dec 2023. Daily closing prices are obtained from the official NSE website, and returns are calculated based on these prices. EGARCH (1, 1), TARCH (1, 1), GARCH (1, 1), GARCH-M (1,1), and models are utilized to predict volatility, capturing volatility clustering and leverage effects. Using both the Akaike and Schwarz criteria, EGARCH (1,1) was demonstrated to be the best model. The findings reveal that Fluctuations in the Indian stock market, particularly shown in the NIFTY index of the NSE were the highest in the year 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Past NIFTY returns demonstrate a GARCH effect on today’s NIFTY returns. The results of the research suggest that the impact of negative and positive shocks on the stock returns series varies. Volatility is largely caused by negative news compared to positive news. It is suggested that the model exhibits a leverage effect and that different types of information produce various types of shock to the volatility of the Nifty index return. The findings show that investors of NSE, particularly those involved with the NIFTY50, face heightened volatility and increased risk, especially during periods of significant events.
Investigating the Relationship between Awareness and Ecotourism Engagement among Academic staff in the Faculty of Agriculture Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Bunza M. S. , Ijose O. A. , Alarape A. A. , Esther A. O. , Adewale Rilwan Oluyinka
Published: November 2024

The study examined awareness of ecotourism among academic staff in the faculty of agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto using semi structured questionnaire to elicit information on socioeconomic factors, awareness, participation in ecotourism, constraints to participation in ecotourism and perception of respondents towards ecotourism. Complete enumeration was used to administer questionnaire to eighty respondents (N=80) belonging to seven departments: Agricultural economics (n=10), Agricultural extension and rural development (n=08), Animal science (n=15), Crop science (n=12), Fisheries and Aquaculture (n=09), Forestry and Environment (n=09) and Soil science (n=16). Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and ordinal regression. Results showed that majority of the respondents are male (96.3%) and married (98.8%). Majority have PhD (78.7%) with 10-20 years lecturing experience. Most of the respondents are aware of ecotourism (90%) and they got the information through academic line (52.2%) but only 36.3% have ever embarked on ecotourism trip. Busy office schedules were the major problems that affect respondents’ participation in ecotourism (55%). A significant relationship exists between age and respondents’ participation in ecotourism activities (χ2 =13.137). Ordinal logistic regression results showed that age (1.315) and educational qualifications (1.671) are significant predictors of respondent’s perception towards ecotourism (R2=0.27). Travels to ecotourism destinations are quite poor among the members of academic staff in the faculty of Agriculture in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, despite their level of education and their stance on biodiversity conservation practices. Academic staffs in tertiary institutions are encouraged to make use of their annual leave to embark on ecotourism trip.
The Nervus Intermedius of Wrisberg: Anatomy and Functions
Authors: Aoun Georges
Published: November 2024

Often regarded as a root of the facial nerve, the nervus intermedius of Wrisberg (NIW) contains both sensory and parasympathetic fibers. It receives taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, floor of the mouth, and palate, as well as sensory information from the skin of the external auditory and the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and nose. It also innervates the sublingual, submandibular, and lacrimal glands. This paper aims to review NIW's origins, path, and functions.
A Case of Massive Haemoptysis due to Aneurysm of Left Pulmonary Artery in Patient of COVID 19 with Invasive Fungal Infection
Authors: Prasad H.B. , Jain Prasad
Published: November 2024

The occurrence of hemoptysis in patients with COVID-19 and associated fungal infections is not uncommon. Patients may experience mild to massive hemoptysis depending on the underlying cause. We present a case of a middle-aged male who developed severe respiratory distress syndrome and a non-Mucor fungal infection, resulting in massive hemoptysis secondary to a pseudoaneurysm of the pulmonary artery. The diagnosis was confirmed through CT pulmonary angiography, and coiling of the pseudoaneurysm was employed as a treatment modality. Following the treatment, the patient experienced an excellent outcome.
Design and Experimental Study of a Hemispherical Solar Cooker: Application to Food Cooking
Authors: Imbga Bouto Kossi , Mogmenga Ladifata , Ky Thierry Sikoudouin Maurice , Ouena Kaloukri , Kam Sié
Published: November 2024

The present work is an experimental study of a glazed hemispherical solar cooker. It consists of a hemispherical concentrator made of reinforced concrete with a smooth inner part lined with a self-adhesive aluminium mirror film with a reflectivity of 95%. This reflector enables all the sun rays to be reflected onto the absorber. The hemisphere has a radius of 0.59 m, a height of 0.46 m and an exposure area of 0.1535 m2 for the half angle of the apex of the focus with the axis passing through the centre. Experimental data on the evolution of the temperature of the air trapped in the device on October 26, 2022 showed a maximum temperature of 63°C. The temperature under the glazing indicates a maximum value of 51°C, for an ambient temperature of 35°C. The maximum irradiation of 700W.m-2 obtained around 11:45 a.m. The second test, carried out on October 28, 2022, was designed to heat 1.5 litres of water. The results indicate a maximum temperature of 91.7°C for the water, obtained from 10.45a.m and 1.33pm. However, the air temperature under the glazing gave a maximum value of 67°C. The ambient air temperature was 37°C. The day of April 21,2023 is devoted to experimental studies on cooking and frying sweet potatoes. The maximum temperature was 97°C, obtained from 11:30 a.m, for an air temperature of 80°C under the glazing, obtained from 10:50 a.m. with maximum irradiation of 957.1 W.m-2. A value of 130°C is obtained at 13:21pm for the oil heating test and a maximum temperature of 68°C for the internal air at an ambient temperature of 32.9°C. The irradiation value reached a maximum of approximately 306.8W.m-2.
Knowledge State of Two Endemic Varieties of Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata with Yellow Flesh ("Kounougbé" and "Kangba") Cultivated in the Gbêkê Region and the Level of Chemical Weeding Use
Authors: DJE Kouakou Martin , SILUE Sana Etienne , EBA Krou Philippe , KOUAME Lucien Patrice
Published: November 2024

Background: Yam is the main staple food in Ivory Coast and plays a crucial role in food security. However, indigenous yellow-fleshed varieties of the Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata species, such as "Kounougbé" and "Kangba" are gradually being abandoned in favor of modern varieties.
Study Design: A study was conducted in the departments of Bouaké, Béoumi, Sakassou, and Botro, in the Gbêkê region, to assess the knowledge of these varieties, the preference for their tubers, and the use of chemical weeding.
Results: The chi-square (χ²) test of independence showed that variables gender, age group, ethnic group and educational level influence significantly (P < 0.05) the knowledge level of "Kounougbé" and "Kangba" varieties. This knowledge level is relatively high in the different departments. The study revealed that uneducated people have better knowledge (83.97%) of these varieties. It also indicated that people aged at least 55 years old have a very good knowledge of these varieties. Moreover, the survey revealed that the natives are more familiar with "Kounougbé" and "Kangba" varieties with a rate of 92.68%. Concerning the characteristics preference for said varieties tubers and chemical weeding use, they impact meaningfully (P < 0.05) the age group variable. People at least 55 years old have the highest preference and use of chemical weeding levels with respective rates of 98.61% and 41.46%.
Conclusion: This study constitutes a source of basic data which would contribute to the revaluation of endemic varieties of yellow-fleshed yam.
Study on the Greenhouse Gas (Ghg) Emissions from Rice Field Under Various Nutrient Management Practices
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Singh Subedar , Singh Kanwar , Khandai Suryakanta , Kumar Vivek , Singh Jitendra , Kumar Rajiv , Kumar Virendar , Srivastava Ashish Kumar
Published: November 2024

Modernizing traditional farming practices and intensive cultivation on limited land has increased the reliance on fertilizers to maintain soil health. The study was conducted on rice crop from 2022 to 2023. The seven treatment combinations in which recommended dose of nitrogen applied through neem coated urea (NCU) and nano urea, viz., T1:Control (No nitrogen), T2: 1/3rd as  (NCU) as basal) + 1/3rd NCU at active tillering  (AT)) + 1/3rdNCU at panicle initiation (PI)), T3: 1/3rd NCU as basal + 1/3rd NCU at AT +  2sprays of NU at maximum tillering -MT and PI) @ 2 ml / litre), T4: 1/3rd NCU as basal + 1/3rd NCU at AT + 1 spray of nano-urea at PI @ 4 ml / litre), T5: 1/4 NCU as basal + 1/4 NCU at AT +2 sprays of nano-urea (at MT and PI) @ 2 ml / litre), T6 :1/3rd NCU as basal + 2 sprays of nano-urea (at AT& PI) @ 2 ml / litre), and T7: 1/3rd  NCU as basal + 3 sprays of nano-urea (at AT, PI, and heading) @ 2 ml / litre).  The study revealed significant differences in GHG emissions, particularly nitrous oxide (N₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), among the different fertilizer management practices. The highest (p=??) N₂O emissions were observed in the T2 treatment {1/3rd RDN (NCU as basal) + 1/3rd RDN (NCU at active tillering) + 1/3rd RDN (NCU at panicle initiation)} at 352 kgCO₂eha⁻¹, while the lowest emissions were recorded in the T1 treatment (Control – without nitrogen) at 88.4 kgCO₂eha⁻¹. Similarly, CO₂ emissions were also the highest in the T2 treatment at 1376 kgCO₂eha⁻¹, with the control (T1) recording the lowest at 1165 kgCO₂eha⁻¹. Methane emissions, mainly influenced by water regimes, remained consistent across all treatments, each contributing 2112.3 kgCO₂eha⁻¹, due to similar water management across all treatments. Overall, total GHG emissions were significantly higher in fertilized treatments, with the T2 treatment exhibiting the highest total emissions of 3841 kgCO₂eha⁻¹, while the control had the lowest at 3366 kgCO₂eha⁻¹. These findings highlighted the complex trade-offs between enhancing rice yields through improved nutrient management and the associated increase in GHG emissions, emphasizing the need for strategies that balance productivity with environmental sustainability.
Assessment of Waterlogging and Mitigation Strategies for Alanda Micro Watershed Using Remote Sensing in Akola District of Vidarbha Region, India
Authors: Mondal Sourav , Patode R. S. , Mhaske A. R. , Ganvir M. M. , Bisen Y. , Chorey Anita , Gabhane V. V. , Tupe A. R.
Published: November 2024

The socio-economic progress of Vidarbha, where 89% of the land is used for rainfed farming, is significantly influenced by water resources. Unfortunately, waterlogging, driven by insufficient drainage and erratic weather conditions, poses serious challenges to agricultural productivity and soil health. The Alanda micro watershed in Barshitakli tehsil, Akola district, Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, features hard basaltic terrain and clay soils primarily used for agriculture. Poorly drained soils have caused waterlogging and salinization, highlighting the need for assessment of mitigation measures for the waterlogging to improve agricultural productivity and address climate change impacts. Waterlogging can be effectively identified through remote sensing techniques like NDWI, NDMI and NDVI, using high-resolution Landsat 8 imagery processed in ArcGIS 10.8. These methods facilitate the analysis and management of waterlogged areas, which is critical for improving agricultural output. The NDVI, NDWI and NDMI maps of the Alanda micro watershed highlight vegetation health, moisture levels and waterlogging potential, with the northern regions showing higher moisture and increased waterlogging risk. Mitigating waterlogging in the area requires the implementation of efficient drainage systems, soil improvement through organic matter and deep tillage and precise water management practices, including levelling fields to prevent water accumulation and using drought-resistant crops.
Assessment of Spatial Variability of Major and Micro Nutrients in Soils of Satara District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Hadole S. S. , Sarap P.A. , Sarode M.D. , Reddy Y. A. , Padekar P.D. , Dhule D.T. , Dangore S.T.
Published: November 2024

Georeferenced surface soil samples from eleven (11) tehsils were delineated using stratified random soil sampling method investigation was carried out at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Micro and Secondary Nutrients and Pollutant Elements in Soils and Plant under Department of Soil Science, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra to assess the chemical properties, major and micronutrients status in soils of Satara district in the year 2022-2023 of three hundred and thirty soil (330) samples at the depth of (0-20 cm) were collected across the Satara district of Maharashtra and analysed in the laboratory. The results revealed that pH, EC, CaCO3 and OC of soils collected across different tehsils of Satara district varied from 6.00 to 9.43,0.10 to 0.98 dS m-1, 1.50 to 29.25 % and 0.72 to 7.80 g kg-1. The DTPA -Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn in soil of Satara district ranged from 0.18 to 1.85 mg Kg-1, 1.89 to 12.50 mg Kg-1, 0.36 to 2.15 mg Kg-1 and 3.91 to 38.44 mg Kg-1 respectively. The CaCl2-B in soils of all the tehsils ranged from 0.18 to 1.69 mg Kg-1. The results obtained clearly showed a large variability in physio-chemical properties of soil across the Satara district with low nutrient indices were in nitrogen (1.12) and iron (1.51), medium for phosphorus (1.99), Sulphur (2.08) and zinc (1.88), high for potassium (2.92), copper (2.96), manganese (2.77) and boron (2.47).
Contribution of PGPRs to Plant Growth: A Review
Authors: Razack Harouna Maidoukia Abdoul , Jamilou Ibrahim , Dahiratou Ibrahim Doka
Published: November 2024

PGPR play an important role in maintaining soil equilibrium. It is a living medium composed mainly of heterotrophic micro-organisms, and is a major reservoir of rhizobacteria. It contains a complex and varied microflora that plays essential roles for the soil ecosystem and higher soil organisms. The methodology used in this study was based on in-depth literature reviews and documentary research. The results obtained showed that basically, PGPRs are defined by three intrinsic characteristics, so they are divided into extracellular (ePGPR) and intracellular (iPGRP). Thanks to their metabolic plasticity, these soil microorganisms are involved in the degradation and immobilization of pollutants brought in by agriculture or industry. In the rhizosphere, in terms of biomass and taxonomic diversity, PGPR are by far the most abundant soil microorganisms. The aim of the study is to analyze the results of research showing the significant influence of PGPR on plant growth, thus contributing to a better understanding of crop nutrition.
Prevalence of Gastro-intestinal Parasites with Zoonotic Potential in Rodents Trapped from the Ngorongoro District, Arusha, Tanzania
Authors: Issae Amina Ramadhani , Katakweba Abdul Ahmed Selemani
Published: November 2024

Background: Rodents are prominent reservoirs for several pathogens that cause significant human infections, including parasitic zoonoses responsible for over 60% of human infectious diseases globally. This condition is exacerbated by climate and ecosystem changes, which facilitate the spread of rodents, ectoparasites and carried pathogens. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites present in rodents of the Ngorongoro district, Tanzania, addressing an information gap at the human-wildlife interface.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in January to March 2022. A total of 606 rodents were live-trapped from indoor, crop fields, and peri-domestic areas, humanely euthanized by using Isoflurane, and examined for helminths and protozoa using simple flotation and formalin ethyl acetate concentration techniques (FECT).
Results: Nine gastrointestinal parasites were identified, with Trichuris spp. being the most prevalent helminth (12.7%), followed by Hymenolepis nana (11.5%), Hymenolepis diminuta (11.2%), Capillaria spp. (6.3%), Strongyloides spp. (6.1%), and Physaloptera spp. (5.4%). Among protozoa, Entamoeba spp. had the highest prevalence (15.5%), followed by Giardia spp. (6.8%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (2.5%). Overall, 46.9% of the rodents were infected with at least one type of gastrointestinal parasite. The study found no significant influence of sex, age, or habitat on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites. However, Mastomys sp and Rattus sp exhibited significantly higher parasite prevalence compared to Mus spp (p=0.040 and p=0.022, respectively). Additionally, Sale village had a notably higher prevalence compared to Orgosorok (p=0.00), Engarasero (p=0.022), and Malambo (p=0.002).
Conclusion: The occurrence of zoonotic parasites highlights the potential for rodent-borne diseases transmission to humans and domestic animals, necessitating enhanced public health awareness and rodent control measures.
Effect of Nano Urea on Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Grafts Cv. Alphonso
Authors: Pawar Chaitali A. , Haldankar P. M. , Kulkarni M. M. , Dalvi N. V. , Kasture M. C.
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to determine the effect of application of foliar spray and drenching of nano urea on growth and survival of mango grafts cv. Alphonso. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and twelve treatments to assess various concentrations of nano urea at College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India. Treatments applied as a foliar spray and drenching of nano urea at different rates in which treatment of foliar application of nano urea at 1500 ppm showed best performance in survival percentage (95.11 %), graft height (44.99 cm), number of shoots (1.90), number of leaves (31.13), relative growth rate (0.0059 cm/cm/day), dry weight of root (13.44 g) and tap root length (27.10 cm). However, drenching treatment of nano urea at 1500 ppm showed good results in graft girth (10.60 mm) and treatment of foliar spray of nano urea at 500 ppm were found best for total leaf area (654.52 cm2). Among all the nano urea treatments, foliar spray of nano urea at 1500 ppm was the best owing to highest survival and better growth of mango grafts cv. Alphonso.
Betasatellite: A Hijacker of Plant Innate Immunity
Authors: Ashwini J H , J Madhu , Chetan K K , Shree Vanapalli Lohitha Sai
Published: November 2024

Betasatellites associated with begomoviruses significantly exacerbate viral infections in economically important crops, prompting the evolution of various plant defense mechanisms, including RNA interference, phytohormone signalling and cellular modifications using autophagy and ubiquitination. Approximately 13.5-kDa βC1 protein has two key functions: It boosts viral replication and weakens plant defenses. By interfering with signal transduction pathways and RNA silencing, it makes the plant more vulnerable to infection. Additionally, βC1 impairs chloroplast function, complicating the plant's defense strategies. In contrast, the nuclear shuttle protein (βV1) protein, though less understood, appears to facilitate viral replication and interacts with the helper virus replication enhancer protein (REn), leading to altered localization within the cell. As only 40% of betasatellites encode the βV1 protein, further investigation into its molecular interactions and functions could provide crucial insights for developing effective antiviral strategies against geminivirus infections. This review highlights the complex interplay between betasatellites and host defenses, offering avenues for future research in crop protection.
Evaluation of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus L.) Genotypes under Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka (Zone III)
Authors: Kotihal Lakshmi , Farooq Mohammed , Narayanapur Vijayakumar B. , Mulla Sayeed Almas Rajesaheb , Ramanagouda
Published: November 2024

Aim: To evaluate the lemongrass genotypes for growth, yield and quality contributing characters.
Study Design: Fisher’s method of ANOVA by Panse and Sukhatme.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, College of Horticulture, Bagalkot, Karnataka during rabi 2023-24.
Methodology: Forty genotypes of lemongrass were assessed for growth, yield and quality parameters.
Results: Among forty genotypes, Elite genotype recorded the maximum plant height and petiole length. Whereas, the highest plant spread, number of tillers, leaf length, leaf width and biomass yield per clump, per plot and hectare was found maximum in CKP25 and OD-83 for girth of the tiller at different growth stages.
Conclusion: The genotypes superior for growth, yield and quality parameters will be considered for future breeding program.
Studies on the Efficacy of AGMA-Foliar (Kazuki Gold/Yoshi Gold) for Growth Development and Yield of Paddy (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Karak S. , Maity K. , Sarkar D. , Sharma K. , Thapa U.
Published: November 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a principal staple food, with significant production worldwide. In 2021, rice covered 161.77 million hectares globally, with India as the second-largest producer. For sustained output, rice (Oryza sativa L.), a major crop around the world, needs balanced fertilization. Overuse of fertilizers degrades the soil, requiring the use of bio stimulants as an alternative. This study evaluates AGMA Foliar (Kazuki Gold/Yoshi Gold) and AGMA Energy on rice cultivar IET 4786 (Satabdi) during the kharif season of 2021-22 at C-block farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, and West Bengal. A randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications was used. Treatments included AGMA Kazuki Gold and Kazuki Energy applied at various stages. AGMA treatments significantly enhanced plant height, dry matter, grain count, and yield. Results indicated that T3 treatment (Kazuki Gold applied twice at 25-30 and 40-45 DAT) achieved the highest plant height (93.00 cm), dry matter (983.66 g m-²), grain count (180.05 grains panicle-1), and grain yield (5.26 t ha-1), with statistical significance confirmed by F-tests at 5% level. T6 treatment (AGMA Foliar (Kazuki Energy) showed comparable results. Chlorophyll content was also highest in T3. Control plots consistently showed the lowest values. The study emphasizes the effectiveness of AGMA Foliar bio stimulant applications, which significantly improve rice growth, yield, and nutrient efficiency. It highlights their potential as sustainable agricultural inputs and suggests optimal application stages for maximizing benefits.
Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria with Synergistic Effect against Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: R.A. Neware , Y.S. Bhagat , C.V. Ambadkar , V.N. Salunkhe , K.P. Nirwal , R.L. Chavhan , M.S. Dudhare
Published: November 2024

Currently, plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacteria (PGPR) are heavily exploited as microbial inoculants in agricultural production among which Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. are widely used in plant growth promotion and disease control as excellent inoculum strains. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria has the potential to be used in agriculture to promote plant growth and health through various mechanisms. Therefore, identifying novel strains tailored to specific agricultural requirements continues to be a key area of research. In the present research work, the strains of PGPR isolated from soybean rhizosphere at Department of Plant Pathology and characterized at morphological, biochemical and molecular level. These strains are now used in ‘Biomix’ formulation a microbial consortium product developed at the Department of Plant Pathology VNMKV, Parbhani to benefit the farmers. Studying the molecular, biochemical, and morphological traits of these microbial strains which are now involved in VNMKV produced ‘Biomix formulation is crucial to maintain its consistency, purity and optimize its formulation. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis will ensure accurate identification and classification of the isolates, enhancing the biofertilizer's effectiveness in agriculture. All three isolates have been identified as per Bergey’s Manual for the determination of bacteriology. All isolates tested positive for starch hydrolysis, citrate utilization, catalase activity, indole production, gelatine hydrolysis, and tetrazolium reduction. Additionally, the 16S rDNA gene sequences of the various potential isolates were validated as P. fluorescens VNMKV1, P. putida VNMKV1, and B. subtilis VNMKV1. The potential of these novel strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as biocontrol agents was explored by screening against soil-borne pathogenic fungi highlighting their potential to be used as bioinoculant agents.
Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services of Coastal Area of Kinondoni District, Tanzania
Authors: Zella Adili Y. , Kitali Luzabeth J.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the often overlooked economic values of ecosystem services in the coastal area of Kinondoni District, Tanzania, in the context of spatial and temporal changes in land use and land cover (LULC). The primary objectives were to assess how ecosystem services and functions have been affected by LULC changes over a 30-year period, from 1993 to 2023. The study employs a benefit transfer method, integrating local and global estimations of ecosystem service value (ESV) with field survey, remote sensing and GIS techniques. The findings reveal that the annual changes in ESV during the study period are estimated at US$ 0.024 million and US$ 0.034 million using local and global coefficients, respectively. Over the three decades, there has been a significant annual loss of US$ 0.72 million locally and US$ 2.11 million globally, primarily due to the degradation of mangrove forests and bushland. The decline in ecosystem functions is largely driven by reductions in regulating services, which account for 54.1% of the total decrease in local valuations and 31.6% in global valuations. Supporting services also experienced substantial declines, with reductions of 39.7% in local valuations and 55.8% in global valuations. The study underscores the urgent need to review and enhance management and conservation strategies to ensure the sustainability of the coastal ecosystems in Kinondoni District, Tanzania.