bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Update Mammakarzinom 2018 (Teil 3) – Genomforschung, individualisierte Medizin und Immuntherapien – mitten in einer neuen Ära: Prävention und Therapie des frühen Mammakarzinoms
Authors: Wöckel Achim , Lux Michael , Janni Wolfgang , Hartkopf Andreas , Nabieva Naiba , Taran Florin-Andrei , Overkamp Friedrich , Hadji Peyman , Tesch Hans , Ettl Johannes , Lüftner Diana , Müller Volkmar , Welslau Manfred , Belleville Erik , Brucker Sara , Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter , Fehm Tanja , Schneeweiss Andreas , Kolberg Hans-Christian
Published: May 2019

Beim primären, frühen Mammakarzinom zielt die Behandlungsplanung auf ein immer besseres Verständnis der Erkrankung ab. Die Identifikation von Patientinnen mit einer exzellenten Prognose könnte dieser Gruppe helfen, unnötige Therapien zu vermeiden.Weiterhin wird die Planung der Therapie immer weiter auf die Patientin abgestimmt. Das Wissen über Patientinnen, die besonders von einer Chemotherapie profitieren, wächst genauso wie das Wissen um Patientinnen, die von einer Immuntherapie profitieren könnten. Hinsichtlich der Immuntherapien stehen die durchgeführten Studien kurz vor der Publikation. Einzelne kleinere Studien bieten einen ersten Einblick in die Wirksamkeit der Checkpoint-Inhibitoren (Anti-PD1 / PDL1-Therapien). Nicht zuletzt konnte kürzlich eine der größten Brustkrebsstudien aller Zeiten zu Ende geführt werden. Die Anwendung eines Multigentests konnte zeigen, dass er ausreicht, um Patientinnen mit einer so guten Prognose zu identifizieren, dass keine Chemotherapie nötig ist. Dieser Review-Artikel soll die aktuellen Studien zusammenfassen und einen Ausblick der gegenwärtigen Entwicklungen geben.
Update Mammakarzinom 2019 Teil 1 – Implementierung der Ergebnisse neuer Studienkonzepte beim frühen Mammakarzinom in die klinische Praxis
Authors: Hartkopf Andreas , Müller Volkmar , Wöckel Achim , Lux Michael , Janni Wolfgang , Nabieva Naiba , Taran Florin-Andrei , Ettl Johannes , Lüftner Diana , Belleville Erik , Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter , Fehm Tanja , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Overkamp Friedrich , Schneeweiss Andreas , Tesch Hans
Published: May 2019

In der Prävention und Behandlung des frühen Mammakarzinoms sind über die Jahre immer wieder kleine, aber bedeutsame Fortschritte gemacht worden. In der Prävention gewinnen die sogenannten Panel-Gen-Analysen immer mehr an Bedeutung, da das durch die getesteten Gene bedingte Risiko immer besser verstanden wird und somit Konzepte für die Integration in die Krankenversorgung erarbeitet werden können. In der adjuvanten Situation konnte die erste Studie in der sogenannten postneoadjuvanten Situation bei fehlender pathologischer Komplettremission nach Trastuzumab oder Pertuzumab + Trastuzumab eine deutliche Verbesserung der Prognose zeigen. Weitere Studien mit diesem postneoadjuvanten Therapiekonzept werden zurzeit noch durchgeführt. Die CDK4/6-Inhibitoren, die in der metastasierten Situation eine deutliche Verbesserung des progressionsfreien Überlebens gezeigt hatten, werden zurzeit in der adjuvanten Situation in großen Therapiestudien getestet. Diese und weitere neue Daten zur Behandlung oder Prävention des primären Mammakarzinoms werden in dieser Übersichtsarbeit vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Studien vorgestellt.
Informationen im Internet zu humangenetischen Untersuchungen (bei Kindern) zur Ursachenklärung von Intelligenzminderung oder Epilepsien
Authors: Borusiak Peter , Mazheika Yuliya
Published: May 2019

Hintergrund Genetische Untersuchungsmethoden haben eine bedeutsame Rolle bei der Abklärung der Ätiologie bei Kindern mit Entwicklungsstörungen, Intelligenzminderungen und Epilepsien. Angesichts des Klientel und der Komplexität der Untersuchungsmethoden ist eine angemessene Aufklärung eine Herausforderung. Internetbasierte Informationen könnten hierbei hilfreich sein.

Methoden Es erfolgte eine systematische Recherche und Bewertung von internetbasierten Informationen der pädiatrischen Fachverbände und der bei den humangenetischen Fachgesellschaften gelisteten Institute und Praxen mittels standardisierter und validierter Instrumente (u. a. DISCERN Genetics, LIDA, LIX).

Ergebnisse Auf 111 Homepages waren Informationen zu finden. Die Darstellung der Seiten und die Navigation können als zufriedenstellend eingeordnet werden. Die Inhalte sind teilweise lückenhaft und schwer verständlich formuliert. Die Einverständniserklärungen bieten z. T. eingeschränkte Möglichkeiten der Entscheidung. Der Schwierigkeitsgrad der Texte ist überwiegend in den Bereichen „hoch“ bis „sehr hoch“ einzuordnen. Informationen in einfacher Sprache fehlen komplett. Fremdsprachige Informationen sind nur eingeschränkt verfügbar.

Schlussfolgerung Eine Verbesserung der Aufklärung könnte über die Bereitstellung von geeigneten internetbasierten Materialien als Vorbereitung auf das Aufklärungsgespräch erfolgen. Eine barrierefreie Umsetzung könnte bspw. durch die Verwendung von einfacher Sprache, Audioversionen, grafischer Unterstützung und fremdsprachigen Informationen erfolgen.
NADia – Netzwerk Assistierte Dialyse
Authors: Iseke Kerstin-Brigitte , Oleimeulen Ursula , Greuèl Marius , Rockenbach Jörg , Kitsche Benno
Published: May 2019

Trotz der Vielfalt der in Deutschland angebotenen Dialyseformen klafft noch immer eine Versorgungslücke für hilfebedürftige dialysepflichtige Patienten, die sich für ein Heimdialyseverfahren entschieden haben. Versorgungsformen der assistierten Dialyse wie assistierte Peritonealdialyse (aPD) und assistierte Heimhämodialyse (aHHD) sind bislang nicht als anerkannte Therapiemöglichkeiten im Richtlinienkatalog der häuslichen Krankenpflege vorgesehen. Daher werden die Kostenerstattungen für die Leistungserbringer bislang nur durch Einzelfallentscheidungen bewilligt. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, gründete sich 2017 das Netzwerk NADia – Netzwerk Assistierte Dialyse, eine Initiative von Ärzten, Pflegekräften, Patienten, Mitarbeitern von Pflegediensten, Pflegeeinrichtungen und Gesundheitsunternehmen. Ziel von NADia ist es, bundesweite Strukturen zur Umsetzung der assistierten Dialyse zu etablieren.
Telemedizin mit Blick auf die Heimdialyseverfahren
Authors: Jahn Michael , Kopecky Jens , Meister Sven , Mülling Nils , Kribben Andreas , Becker Stefan
Published: May 2019

Die Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens und auch der Nephrologie in Deutschland schreitet schnell voran. Nahezu täglich werden neue Teilprozesse in der Versorgung digitalisiert. Dabei können telemedizinische Ansätze die Betreuung von Heimdialysen und chronisch Nierenkranken verbessern. Die praktische Umsetzung ist allerdings im Hinblick auf die Datenschutzgrundverordnung, ärztliche Schweigepflicht, Medizinprodukteverordnung und einer vielschichtigen Gemengelage von Bedürfnissen sowie Rechten von Patienten, Ärzte und Industrie komplex.
Konservative Therapie der pAVK
Authors: Erbel Christian , Katus Hugo A.
Published: May 2019

Die konservative Therapie der pAVK wurde in den letzten Jahren durch große randomisierte Studien auf breitere Füße gestellt. Am Anfang jeder Therapie steht die Bewegungstherapie, die Beendigung des Nikotinkonsums sowie die Gewichtsabnahme und Umstellung der Ernährungsgewohnheiten, am Besten im Rahmen von Programmen. Ist damit keine adäquate Einstellung der kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren zu erreichen, wird zur Primärprophylaxe eine Statintherapie mit einem Ziel-LDL-Cholesterin < 70 mg/dl empfohlen. Eine Aspirin- oder evtl. besser eine Clopidogreltherapie ist als Primärprophylaxe umstritten, als Sekundärprophylaxe indiziert. Bei der arteriellen Hypertonie kann nach der neuen Leitlinie ab einem Blutdruck von 130/80 mmHg eine medikamentöse Therapie bei Hochrisikopatienten wie den pAVK-Erkrankten angesetzt werden. Fast jeder zweite pAVK-Patient hat einen Diabetes mellitus. Neben Metformin als 1. Wahl ist bei Patienten mit einer kardiovaskulären atherosklerotischen Erkrankung ein SGLT2-Inhibitor zu empfehlen, da diese eine signifikante Reduktion u. a. der Gesamt- wie auch die kardiovaskulären Todesfälle jeweils um mehr als 30 % senken konnten. Eine Antikoagulation ist generell bei pAVK-Patienten nicht zu empfehlen. Eine niedrig dosierte Rivaroxabantherapie mit Aspirin führte zu einer Reduktion einer Beinischämie oder Amputationen unter Erhöhung der Blutungsrate.
Karotisstenose
Authors: Mudra Harald
Published: May 2019

Obwohl durch ischämische Hirninfarkte verursachte Schlaganfälle seit 1990 abgenommen haben, stehen sie immer noch an 2. Stelle der Todesursachen weltweit und an 3. Stelle in Deutschland. Etwa 10–15 % der Schlaganfälle werden durch Verengungen der extrakraniellen hirnversorgenden Arterien, vornehmlich im Bereich der a. carotis, verursacht. Die Diagnose einer Karotisstenose erfolgt durch die Duplex-Sonografie. Sie weist eine sehr hohe Präzision auf und ist der Goldstandard hinsichtlich der Stenosequantifizierung. Patienten mit nachgewiesener Karotisstenose von über 50 % gelten als Hoch-Risiko-Patienten. Sie bedürfen einer konsequenten präventiven Beratung zur Verbesserung des Lebensstils und Reduktion eines deutlichen Übergewichts, zudem ist die Einleitung und ggf. Eskalierung einer optimalen medikamentösen Therapie (OMT) essenziell. Die operative Behandlung von symptomatischen Patienten mit hochgradigen Karotisstenosen zur Verhinderung eines Schlaganfalls ist akzeptiert und gilt als Goldstandard. Neuere, anglo-amerikanische Studien haben gezeigt, dass das Stenting von Karotisstenosen in ausgewiesenen Zentren eine ebenbürtige Methode ist. Entscheidender als die Behandlungsmethode scheint die jeweilige Expertise des Behandlers zu sein.
Eisenmangel bei Herzinsuffizienz-Patienten
Authors: Doehner Wolfram , Bauersachs Johann , Erdmann Erland , Hasenfuß Gerd , Kindermann Ingrid , Ringwald Gerd , Rybak Karin , Schieffer Bernhard , Zeiher Andreas
Published: May 2019

Eisenmangel ist eine häufige Komorbidität bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz. Es ist zu beachten, dass ein Eisenmangel auch ohne eine Anämie auftreten kann und einen negativen Einfluss auf Symptomatik, Lebensqualität, Morbidität und Mortalität haben kann. Dennoch wird laut RAID-HF-Register in Deutschland der Eisenstatus nur bei ca. 62 % der Herzinsuffizienz-Patienten routinemäßig überprüft und bei weniger als 10 % therapiert. Darüber hinaus werden bei Verdacht auf Eisenmangel mitunter die falschen Labor-Parameter bestimmt. Die ausschlaggebenden und für den Alltag ausreichenden Laborwerte sind Ferritin und die Transferrinsättigung (TSAT), die neben dem Hämoglobin bestimmt werden sollten. Im ambulanten Bereich werden häufig orale Eisen(II)-Präparate verschrieben. Neue Daten belegen jedoch, dass die orale Behandlung mit Eisenpolysaccharid bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz nur zu einem sehr geringen Auffüllen der Eisenspeicher im Vergleich zu Placebo führt und auch keine Verbesserung der Leistungsfähigkeit bewirkt. Darüber hinaus werden die für einen Eisenmangel relevanten Laborwerte oft zu früh nach Therapiebeginn kontrolliert. Ein neuer Diagnose-Therapie-Algorithmus empfiehlt eine Laborkontrolle erst nach 3–6 Monaten. Liegen die Messwerte von Ferritin und TSAT nach dieser Zeit unter den oben genannten Grenzwerten, sollte eine erneute Eisensubstitution erwogen werden.
RheumaPreis 2019: „AufRheumen im Beruf“
Authors: Spirgat Corinna
Published: May 2019

Partnerschaftlich, engagiert und offen – wenn am Arbeitsplatz so mit der Rheuma-Erkrankung eines Arbeitnehmers umgegangen wird, stehen die Chancen gut, dass sich Krankheit und Berufstätigkeit auch über Hürden hinweg verbinden lassen. Dass dies immer häufiger gelingt und eine erfüllende Arbeit trotz Rheuma zur Normalität wird, dazu soll der RheumaPreis beitragen, der dieses Jahr unter dem Motto „AufRheumen im Beruf“ steht und zum elften Mal vergeben wird. Mit ihm zeichnet die Initiative RheumaPreis kreative Lösungen für die berufliche Integration von Menschen mit entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen aus. Bewerben können sich sowohl Berufstätige als auch Auszubildende, die an Rheuma erkrankt sind, aber auch deren Arbeitgeber. Bewerbungen können bis zum 15. Juni 2019 eingereicht werden.
Design and Implementation of a Novel Electronic Health Record Tool to Enhance the Care of Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis: The Cystic Fibrosis Note Template
Authors: Leander David M. , Gifford Alex H. , Mecchella John N. , Sabadosa Kathryn A. , Van Citters Aricca , Snide Jennifer A. , Nelson Eugene C.
Published: May 2019

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease in which dysfunction of a single protein channel leads to organ damage, resulting in chronic health problems and premature death. In the United States, medical care of individuals living with CF is delivered by care centers accredited and subsidized by the CF Foundation. CF outcomes have improved significantly through the use of collaborative networks, registry data, and research. CF clinicians are perpetually challenged to assimilate and act upon large quantities of data generated by the care of these individuals. CF Foundation accreditation also requires care centers to enter patient-level data from clinical encounters into the CF Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR). Commercially available electronic health record systems often lack tools with sufficient context specificity and ease of use to facilitate productive interactions between clinicians and patients. We describe a CF-specific NoteWriter template built and implemented in Epic, which captures discrete data and simultaneously generates clinical documentation during ambulatory encounters. Unlike other examples of note templates in CF, this project involves SmartData Elements (SDEs) using the NoteWriter tool in Epic, which enables data to be entered in the exact way in which the CFFPR captures data. By conducting a pre-/poststudy of its use in our health system, we found that the template can expedite note completion when clinicians have adequate time to become familiar with the tool. We anticipate that the NoteWriter template will become a vehicle for delivering standardized, structured patient data to the CFFPR.
Current accounts of antimicrobial resistance: stabilisation, individualisation and antibiotics as infrastructure
Authors: Chandler Clare I. R.
Published: May 2019

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the latest issues to galvanise political and financial investment as an emerging global health threat. This paper explores the construction of AMR as a problem, following three lines of analysis. First, an examination of some of the ways in which AMR has become an object for action—through defining, counting and projecting it. Following Lakoff’s work on emerging infectious diseases, the paper illustrates that while an ‘actuarial’ approach to AMR may be challenging to stabilise due to definitional and logistical issues, it has been successfully stabilised through a ‘sentinel’ approach that emphasises the threat of AMR. Second, the paper draws out a contrast between the way AMR is formulated in terms of a problem of connectedness—a ‘One Health’ issue—and the frequent solutions to AMR being focused on individual behaviour. The paper suggests that AMR presents an opportunity to take seriously connections, scale and systems but that this effort is undermined by the prevailing tendency to reduce health issues to matters for individual responsibility. Third, the paper takes AMR as a moment of infrastructural inversion (Bowker and Star) when antimicrobials and the work they do are rendered more visible. This leads to the proposal of antibiotics as infrastructure—part of the woodwork that we take for granted, and entangled with our ways of doing life, in particular modern life. These explorations render visible the ways social, economic and political frames continue to define AMR and how it may be acted upon, which opens up possibilities for reconfiguring AMR research and action.
Nickel ferrite/polypyrrole core-shell composite as an efficient electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor
Authors: Scindia Sacchidanand S. , Kamble Ramesh B. , Kher Jayant A.
Published: May 2019

In the present work, we report the high-performance supercapacitive behavior of NFO/PPy core–shell composite. The composite electrode was prepared by adopting simple and inexpensive in-situ chemical oxidation route in an aqueous medium containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a surfactant and characterized for the spectral, structural, electrical, thermal and morphological studies. The electrochemical properties were recognized by cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The supercapacitive performance of NFO/PPy electrode was studied in an aqueous 0.1N H2SO4 electrolyte solution. The effect of electrolyte concentration on specific capacitance and the stability of electrode were studied. The highest specific capacitance (Cs) achieved with NFO/PPy electrode was 721.66 Fg−1. The specific energy (Es), specific power (Ps) and coulomb efficiency (η%) were observed to be 51.95 Whkg−1, 6.18 kWkg−1 and 99.08% respectively. This electrode shows the outstanding electrochemical stability over 1000th continuous charging–discharging cycles and emerged as an efficient electrode material for energy storage devices as a supercapacitor.
Large anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal candidate PrAlGe
Authors: Meng Biao , Wu Hao , Qiu Yang , Wang Chunlei , Liu Yong , Xia Zhengcai , Yuan Songliu , Chang Haixin , Tian Zhaoming
Published: May 2019

We present the structure and anisotropic magnetic and electrical transport properties on the flux-grown PrAlGe single crystal, a recently proposed magnetic Weyl semimetal candidate. From the powder and single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis, the grown crystal is revealed to crystallize in tetragonal LaPtSi-type structure with space group of I41md. The PrAlGe exhibits strong Ising-type magnetic anisotropy with ferromagnetic moments ∼2.32μB/Pr along easy c-axis below transition temperature Tc ∼ 15 K. Accordingly, anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is observed for field (H) along c axis in contrast to a axis, and large anomalous Hall conductivity value reaches up to ∼680 Ω−1 cm−1 close to the theoretical expected value based on intrinsic Berry-curvature mechanism. Moreover, the linear scaling behaviors between the anomalous Hall resistivity and longitudinal resistivity also support the intrinsic Karplus-Luttinger mechanism as a dominant role on the observed AHE rather than extrinsic scattering mechanism.
Barrier materials for flexible bioelectronic implants with chronic stability—Current approaches and future directions
Authors: Song Enming , Li Jinghua , Rogers John A.
Published: May 2019

Flexible, bio-integrated electronic systems have wide-ranging potential for use in biomedical research and clinical medicine, particularly as active implants with the ability to operate in a safe, stable fashion over extended periods of time. Here, the development of a thin, robust biofluid barriers that can simultaneously serve as long-lived sensing and/or actuating interfaces to biological systems represents a significant challenge. Requirements are for defect-free, biocompatible and impermeable materials that can be rendered in thin, flexible forms and integrated with targeted device platforms. This perspective summarizes various material strategies for this purpose, with a focus not only on properties and structures but also on their use in bioelectronic systems. The article begins with an overview of different classes of materials, including means to grow/synthesize/deposit, manipulate, and integrate them into test structures for permeability measurements and into systems for functional bio-interfaces. A comparative discussion of the most widely explored materials follows, with an emphasis on physically transferred layers of SiO2 thermally grown on silicon wafers and on their use in the most sophisticated active, bendable electronic systems for electrophysiological mapping and stimulation. These advances suggest emerging capabilities in flexible bioelectronics implants as chronic implants with diagnostic and therapeutic function across a broad scope of applications in animal model studies and human healthcare.
Comparison of aerodynamic models for two-dimensional pitching foils with experimental data
Authors: Fernandez-Feria R. , Sanmiguel-Rojas E.
Published: May 2019

Several semiempirical models for the thrust force and propulsion efficiency of pitching foils have been developed recently to derive simple scaling laws for aquatic locomotion. In this work, we compare two of these models with the theoretical results from linear potential theory and with available experimental data. Overall, the results from the corrected linear potential theory are shown to agree better with most of the available experimental data for small enough amplitudes, while one of the semiempirical models tested performs better for large amplitudes. More experimental data for large reduced frequencies would be desirable to test the different models.
Effects of inhomogeneity on electrostatic ion cyclotron instability excited by a particle beam
Authors: Khorashadizadeh S. M. , Barati Moqadam Niyat M.
Published: May 2019

Electrostatic ion cyclotron (EIC) waves excited by a particle beam are studied in a magnetized inhomogeneous collisionless plasma using linear Vlasov theory. The dispersion relation of the beam-plasma system is established based on some relevant assumptions and the numerical results are presented. The behavior of EIC waves with account of parameters such as plasma inhomogeneity, propagation angle and beam velocity is studied. In particular, mode frequencies, growth rate maxima and perpendicular wavevectors are investigated in terms of these parameters. It is shown that, for lower inhomogeneities, the growth maxima are highly affected by the value of relative beam velocity. However, for higher inhomogeneities, the system is more stable for all beam velocities. It is also shown that the beam velocity has a major effect on the growth maxima only before reaching a maximum value on the curves and after the maximum, there is a declining trend in the effect of beam velocity on the growth maxima. Furthermore, for larger propagation angles, there is a more sensitive dependency on the beam velocity. At large values of relative beam velocities, the dependency of growth maxima on beam velocity becomes very weak for all propagation angles. It is found that the perpendicular wavevector decreases with both inhomogeneity and beam velocity. The decrease is smoother at larger values of propagation angle or higher inhomogeneities. In other words, for faster beams and higher inhomogeneities, the system is unstable at larger perpendicular wavelengths. It is also found that the values of maximum instability in terms of propagation angles strictly depend on inhomogeneity. For a relatively high inhomogeneity, the maxima occur over a wide range of propagation angles at almost the same value of perpendicular wavevector. A direct relationship between the magnitudes of mode frequency and growth rate is observed, implying that a higher frequency is a prerequisite for a positive (and relatively steep) slope on the growth rate curve.
Effects of carbonaceous nanomaterials on soil-grown soybeans under combined heat and insect stresses
Authors: Wang Ying , Welch Zoe S. , Ramirez Aaron R. , Bouchard Dermont C. , Schimel Joshua P. , Gardea-Torresdey Jorge L. , Holden Patricia A.
Published: May 2019

Environmental contextEngineered nanomaterials have the potential to accumulate in agricultural soils where they may influence crop plants. There is, however, little information about how adverse environmental conditions may interact with nanomaterial effects on plants and plant-microbe interactions. We report the comparative effects of three carbonaceous nanomaterials on the growth, nodulation and foliar health of a globally important legume crop, soybean, under the combined stresses of high temperature and insect pests. AbstractBecause carbonaceous nanomaterials (CNMs) are expected to enter soils, the exposure implications to crop plants and plant–microbe interactions should be understood. Most investigations have been under ideal growth conditions, yet crops commonly experience abiotic and biotic stresses. Little is known how co-exposure to these environmental stresses and CNMs would cause combined effects on plants. We investigated the effects of 1000mgkg−1 multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and industrial carbon black (CB) on soybeans grown to the bean production stage in soil. Following seed sowing, plants became stressed by heat and infested with an insect (thrips). Consequently, all plants had similarly stunted growth, leaf damage, reduced final biomasses and fewer root nodules compared with healthy control soybeans previously grown without heat and thrips stresses. Thus, CNMs did not significantly influence the growth and yield of stressed soybeans, and the previously reported nodulation inhibition by CNMs was not specifically observed here. However, CNMs did significantly alter two leaf health indicators: the leaf chlorophyll a/b ratio, which was higher in the GNP treatment than in either the control (by 15%) or CB treatment (by 14%), and leaf lipid peroxidation, which was elevated in the CNT treatment compared with either the control (by 47%) or GNP treatment (by 66%). Overall, these results show that, while severe environmental stresses may impair plant production, CNMs (including CNTs and GNPs) in soil could additionally affect foliar health of an agriculturally important legume.
NAC-type transcription factors regulate accumulation of starch and protein in maize seeds
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Dong Jiaqiang , Ji Chen , Wu Yongrui , Messing Joachim
Published: May 2019

Grain starch and protein are synthesized during endosperm development, prompting the question of what regulatory mechanism underlies the synchronization of the accumulation of secondary and primary gene products. We found that two endosperm-specific NAC transcription factors, ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130, have such a regulatory function. Knockdown of expression of
ZmNAC128
and
ZmNAC130
with RNA interference (RNAi) caused a shrunken kernel phenotype with significant reduction of starch and protein. We could show that ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130 regulate the transcription of
Bt2
and then reduce its protein level, a rate-limiting step in starch synthesis of maize endosperm. Lack of ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130 also reduced accumulation of zeins and nonzeins by 18% and 24% compared with nontransgenic siblings, respectively. Although ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130 affected expression of zein genes in general, they specifically activated transcription of the
16-kDa γ-zein
gene. The two transcription factors did not dimerize with each other but exemplified redundancy, whereas individual discovery of their function was not amenable to conventional genetics but illustrated the power of RNAi. Given that both the
Bt2
and the
16-kDa γ-zein
genes were activated by ZmNAC128 or ZmNAC130, we could identify a core binding site ACGCAA contained within their target promoter regions by combining Dual-Luciferase Reporter and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift assays. Consistent with these properties, transcriptomic profiling uncovered that lack of ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130 had a pleiotropic effect on the utilization of carbohydrates and amino acids.
El mito de Venus y Adonis bajo el prisma deformador de Castillo Solórzano
Authors: Escudero Baztán Juan Manuel
Published: May 2019

This article deals with the processes that Castillo Solórzano uses to write serious mythological fables (of Ovidian origin) within the parameters of the aesthetics of the grotesque and deformed, essential ingredients of satirical and burlesque literature. These processes are related to the classic imitatio and the structural disposition of the text, and also related to formal twist, « agudeza verbal » in the words of Gracián, which allow parodying the rococo style of Góngora influence. For a better expository clarity they are exemplified with the Fábula de Adonis, which Castillo Solórzano takes directly from Ovid, and which serves for other similar works of burlesque romances in the seventeenth century.
Engineering models for turbine wake velocity deficit and wake deflection. A new proposed approach for onshore and offshore applications
Authors: Ruisi Renzo , Bossanyi Ervin
Published: May 2019

An engineering wake model based on the Ainslie model is proposed. The eddy viscosity term associated with momentum diffusivity is modified to take into account the effects of atmospheric stability. The parameters used are typically available from high-quality on-site measurement campaigns and the effects of atmospheric stability are based on empirical models for the estimation of the Monin-Obukhov length. The dependence on physical quantities only is particularly advantageous for fast wake modelling, since no further parametrical tuning is needed for each specific case. The proposed wake model is initially compared to wind tunnel data and CFD simulations to test the chosen Obukhov lengths for specific flow conditions. Wind farm production data and concurrent meteorological data at one onshore site are then used to validate the model for specific on-site flow conditions, obtaining good results. Two offshore wind farms are also used to assess the model in a large-scale wind farm scenario: results look promising although some reservations are expressed on the effect of the wake superposition model. Models for the prediction of wake centreline deflection due to yaw are compared at different yaw angles using wind tunnels data and CFD simulations. Although the EPFL model showed some advantage, especially in non-neutral conditions, both models give satisfactory results. Furthermore, it was showed that the wake deflection caused by the rotating wake for non-yawed turbines can have a large impact on the predictions of the centreline deflection.
Enhanced modelling of the stratified atmospheric boundary layer over steep terrain for wind resource assessment
Authors: Flores-Maradiaga A , Benoit R , Masson C
Published: May 2019

The Mesoscale Compressible Community (MC2) model [1], devoted for weather forecasting and used in the Wind Energy Simulation Toolkit (WEST) [2], performs well for simulations over flat, gentle and moderate terrain slopes but is subject to numerical instability and strong spurious flows in presence of steep topography. To remove its inherent computational mode and reduce the wind overestimation due to terrain-induced numerical noise, a new semi-implicit (N-SI) scheme [3] was implemented to discretize and linearize the non-hydrostatic Euler equations with respect the mean values of pressure and temperature instead of arbitrary reference state values, redefining as well the buoyancy to use it as the thermodynamic prognostic variable. Additionally, the climate-state classification of the statistical-dynamical downscaling (SDD) method [4] is upgraded by including the Brunt-Väisälä frequency that accounts for the atmospheric thermal stratification effect on wind flow over topography. The present study provides a real orographic flow validation of these numerical enhancements in MC2, assessing their individual and combined contribution for an improved initialization and calculation of the surface wind in presence of high-impact terrain. By statistically comparing the wind simulations with met-mast data, obtained within the Whitehorse area of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, it is confirmed that these numerical enhancements may reduce over 40 percent of the wind overestimation, thus, attaining more accurate results that ensure reliable wind resource assessments over complex terrain.
Effects of Leading Edge Erosion on the Power Performance and Acoustic Noise Emissions of Locally Manufactured Small Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Latoufis Kostas , Riziotis Vasilis , Voutsinas Spyros , Hatziargyriou Nikos
Published: May 2019

The local manufacturing of small wind turbines has become increasingly popular over the last decade, among international networks of renewable energy practitioners, for the implementation of rural electrification applications. Locally manufactured small wind turbines (LMSWTs), used most frequently in off-grid battery based renewable energy systems, typically utilize wooden blades and coreless axial flux permanent magnet generators due to their simple manufacturing process and local availability of materials. In this paper the effects of leading edge erosion on locally manufactured small wind turbine blades are researched experimentally, both in terms of power performance and acoustic noise emissions. From the research it is concluded that a yearly maintenance of the wooden blades of a LMSWT can lead to less acoustic noise emissions and better power performance, with the latter becoming more significant as the mean wind speed of the installation site increases. For practitioners, installers and manufacturers of LMSWTs, these findings can significantly guide manufacturing processes and techniques in terms of preventing leading edge erosion, while also advising preventative maintenance procedures on the field, in order to keep small wind electric systems quiet and productive.
Understanding of Leading-Edge Protection Performance Using Nano-Silicates for Modification
Authors: Ouachan I , Kuball M , Liu D , Dyer K , Ward C , Hamerton I
Published: May 2019

Leading edge erosion caused by raindrop impact is a key problem that needs to be overcome in the wind energy sector. Solutions up to date have not proved suitable, failing prematurely in their lifecycle at a cost to the wind industry. Failure mechanisms for rain erosion are not well understood, particularly the elastic and viscous polymer properties at the resulting high strain rates (106 - 109 Hz) of raindrop impacts. The effect of the inclusion of glycidyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticles into a commercial polyurethane coating system was studied using nanoindentation and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Results show that the inclusion of POSS improves damping, providing an alternative mechanism for energy dissipation without variation of Tg
and minimal loss of stiffness. This presents a way of modifying current coating systems through the incorporation of POSS. Nanoindentation obtained previously unreported properties of the coating system (hardness, modulus and short-term recovery) and highlighted a correlation between loading rate and a reduction of short-term recovery. Nanoindentation was difficult for the modified leading-edge protection (LEP) samples as two phases were formed resulting in large standard deviations. DMTA results show modification of the LEP increases damping at lower temperature ranges introducing an additional mechanism of dissipating energy. Additionally, sweep data show an increase in elasticity at higher frequencies on the modified samples.
Comparison of inflow-turbulence and trailing-edge noise models with measurements of a 200-kW vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Möllerström E. , Ottermo F.
Published: May 2019

Models of inflow-turbulence noise and turbulent-boundary-layer trailing-edge noise are compared to earlier measurements of a 200-kW vertical axis wind turbine so that conclusions regarding the origin of the aerodynamic noise can be drawn. The measurement campaigns, which aimed at establishing the noise emission value and locating the aerodynamic noise sources with a microphone array, are here both compared to further modified versions of the trailing-edge and inflow-turbulence models respectively. Unlike the case for horizontal axis wind turbine, inflow-turbulence noise is deemed as the prevailing noise mechanism. Reducing the self-induced turbulence could then be an effective way of lowering the noise levels for vertical axis wind turbines. Also, looking at the directivity of the inflow-turbulence noise model which indicate most noise in the cross-wind directions, a deviation from the standard downwind measurement position for measuring noise emission is suggested for the VAWT case.
Determination of Wind Turbine Main Bearing Load Distribution
Authors: Kock S. , Jacobs G. , Bosse D.
Published: May 2019

The presented paper introduces simulative method for the determination of load and pressure distribution in the main roller bearings in multi-MW wind turbines. This method has been developed using the example of a generic 6 MW research wind turbine (WT). The investigated drive train comprises of a main gearbox and is mounted with a four point suspension. The fixed rotor bearing is a spherical roller bearing and the floating rotor bearing is a cylindrical roller bearing. The load and pressure distribution is determined by finite element (FE) simulation under consideration of real hub loads and elastic surroundings. The hub loads have been calculated using Multibody Simulation. Three different rotor bearing models are introduced, which consider FE contact conditions, macro-geometry, stiffness and rolling element profile. The developed method is transferable to different rolling bearing types and can be used to improve bearing load and pressure distribution in multi-MW WTs under consideration of elastic surroundings (main shaft, frame and bearing housing).
Lifetime Extension, Repowering or Decommissioning? Decision Support for Operators of Ageing Wind Turbines
Authors: Piel JH , Stetter C , Heumann M , Westbomke M , Breitner M H
Published: May 2019

In Germany, more than one third of the installed wind energy capacity will leave the feed-in tariff funding between 2021 and 2025. Operators of affected turbines are therefore increasingly concerned with the design of profitable end-of-funding strategies. This requires feasibility analyses of both lifetime extension and repowering options and entails the subsequent challenge to determine the optimal lifetime extension and corresponding repowering timing. To support operators and other stakeholders dealing with wind turbines’ end-of-life issues, this study presents a geographic information system that permits evaluating optimal end-of-funding strategies at different spatial scales reaching down to detailed analyses on individual turbine level. The decision support system processes topographic, wind, turbine, and finance data in an integrated system of resource simulations, spatial planning analyses and economic viability assessments. Case-study results show that a uniform end-of-funding strategy cannot be applied to all ageing turbines. Conducted sensitivity analyses rather indicate that the best strategy highly depends on various turbine-specific aspects, especially the location, type and maintenance costs as well as exogenous factors, including the developments of electricity spot market prices and tendered feed-in premiums. In light of latest trends regarding the exogenous factors, lifetime extension and repowering potentials increase. However, the results also indicate that dismantling, disposal and recycling of numerous ageing turbines will become a major challenge for the wind energy sector in the next decade.
Visualisation of Probabilistic Access Forecasts for Offshore Operations
Authors: Gilbert C , Browell J , McMillan D
Published: May 2019

Access forecasting aims to predict the quality of transfer of maintenance technicians to/from vessels and the constituent offshore structures at the wind farm. This is highly dependent on sea state conditions as well as other environmental factors such as visibility. Typically, scheduling or dispatch decisions are made on the basis of deterministic forecasts of significant wave height, often coupled with service contracts where transfers are expected to be attempted below a threshold significant wave height. However, there is always uncertainty in a weather prediction which can be accounted for by probabilistic forecasts. The aim of this work is to explore visualisation ideas for transforming vessel specific access forecasts into an interpretable and intuitive decision-support tool. Three simple methods are proposed based on a score out of 10, classification of transfer conditions, and a threshold score. Methods for summarising access conditions for 2–5 days ahead are also developed. This new forecasting and visualisation capability has significant implications for marine coordinators and skippers who will be able to make better informed safety-critical decisions, with the potential for reductions in the cost-of-energy offshore.
Emerging inorganic solar cell efficiency tables (Version 1)
Authors: Wong Lydia H , Zakutayev Andriy , Major Jonathan D , Hao Xiaojing , Walsh Aron , Todorov Teodor K , Saucedo Edgardo
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the efficiency tables of materials considered as emerging inorganic absorbers for photovoltaic solar cell technologies. The materials collected in these tables are selected based on their progress in recent years, and their demonstrated potential as future photovoltaic absorbers. The first part of the paper consists of the criteria for the inclusion of the different technologies in this paper, the verification means used by the authors, and recommendation for measurement best practices. The second part details the highest world-class certified solar cell efficiencies, and the highest non-certified cases (some independently confirmed). The third part highlights the new entries including the record efficiencies, as well as new materials included in this version of the tables. The final part is dedicated to review a specific aspect of materials research that the authors consider of high relevance for the scientific community. In this version of the Efficiency tables, we are including an overview of the latest progress in theoretical methods for modeling of new photovoltaic absorber materials expected to be synthesized and confirmed in the near future. We hope that this emerging inorganic Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 1) paper, as well as its future versions, will advance the field of emerging photovoltaic solar cells by summarizing the progress to date and outlining the future promising research directions.
MHC-associated mate choice under competitive conditions in captive versus wild Tasmanian devils
Authors: Day Jenna , Gooley Rebecca M , Hogg Carolyn J , Belov Katherine , Whittington Camilla M , Grueber Catherine E
Published: May 2019

Mate choice contributes to driving evolutionary processes when animals choose breeding partners that confer genetic advantages to offspring, such as increased immunocompetence. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an important group of immunological molecules, as MHC antigens bind and present foreign peptides to T-cells. Recent studies suggest that mates may be selected based on their MHC profile, leading to an association between an individual’s MHC diversity and their breeding success. In conservation, it may be important to consider mate choice in captive breeding programs, as this mechanism may improve reproductive rates. We investigated the reproductive success of Tasmanian devils in a group housing facility to determine whether increased MHC-based heterozygosity led individuals to secure more mating partners and produce more offspring. We also compared the breeding success of captive females to a wild devil population. MHC diversity was quantified using 12 MHC-linked microsatellite markers, including 11 previously characterized markers and one newly identified marker. Our analyses revealed that there was no relationship between MHC-linked heterozygosity and reproductive success either in captivity or the wild. The results of this study suggest that, for Tasmanian devils, MHC-based heterozygosity does not produce greater breeding success and that no specific changes to current captive management strategies are required with respect to preserving MHC diversity.
Presence of kin-biased social associations in a lizard with no parental care: the eastern water dragon (Intellagama lesueurii)
Authors: Piza-Roca Carme , Strickland Kasha , Kent Nicola , Frere Celine H
Published: May 2019

Numerous studies have observed kin-biased social associations in a variety of species. Many of these studies have focused on species exhibiting parental care, which may facilitate the transmission of the social environment from parents to offspring. This becomes problematic when disentangling whether kin-biased associations are driven by kin recognition, or are a product of transmission of the social environment during ontogeny, or a combination of both. Studying kin-biased associations in systems that lack parental care may aid in addressing this issue. Furthermore, when studying kin-biased social associations, it is important to differentiate whether these originate from preferential choice or occur randomly as a result of habitat use or limited dispersal. Here, we combined high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism data with a long-term behavioral data set of a reptile with no parental care to demonstrate that eastern water dragons (Intellagama lesueurii) bias their nonrandom social associations toward their kin. In particular, we found that although the overall social network was not linked to genetic relatedness, individuals associated with kin more than expected given availability in space and also biased social preferences toward kin. This result opens important opportunities for the study of kinship-driven associations without the confounding effect of vertical transmission of social environments. Furthermore, we present a robust multiple-step approach for determining whether kin-biased social associations are a result of active social decisions or random encounters resulting from habitat use and dispersal patterns.
EROS-DOCK: protein–protein docking using exhaustive branch-and-bound rotational search
Authors: Ruiz Echartea Maria Elisa , Chauvot de Beauchêne Isaure , Ritchie David W
Published: May 2019

Motivation

Protein–protein docking algorithms aim to predict the 3D structure of a binary complex using the structures of the individual proteins. This typically involves searching and scoring in a 6D space. Many docking algorithms use FFT techniques to exhaustively cover the search space and to accelerate the scoring calculation. However, FFT docking results often depend on the initial protein orientations with respect to the Fourier sampling grid. Furthermore, Fourier-transforming a physics-base force field can involve a serious loss of precision.

Results

Here, we present EROS-DOCK, an algorithm to rigidly dock two proteins using a series of exhaustive 3D rotational searches in which non-clashing orientations are scored using the ATTRACT coarse-grained force field model. The rotational space is represented as a quaternion ‘π-ball’, which is systematically sub-divided in a ‘branch-and-bound’ manner, allowing efficient pruning of rotations that will give steric clashes. The algorithm was tested on 173 Docking Benchmark complexes, and results were compared with those of ATTRACT and ZDOCK. According to the CAPRI quality criteria, EROS-DOCK typically gives more acceptable or medium quality solutions than ATTRACT and ZDOCK.

Availability and implementation

The EROS-DOCK program is available for download at http://erosdock.loria.fr.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
EnImpute: imputing dropout events in single-cell RNA-sequencing data via ensemble learning
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Fei , Ou-Yang Le , Yang Shuo , Zhao Xing-Ming , Hu Xiaohua , Yan Hong
Published: May 2019

Imputation of dropout events that may mislead downstream analyses is a key step in analyzing single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. We develop EnImpute, an R package that introduces an ensemble learning method for imputing dropout events in scRNA-seq data. EnImpute combines the results obtained from multiple imputation methods to generate a more accurate result. A Shiny application is developed to provide easier implementation and visualization. Experiment results show that EnImpute outperforms the individual state-of-the-art methods in almost all situations. EnImpute is useful for correcting the noisy scRNA-seq data before performing downstream analysis.

Availability and implementation

The R package and Shiny application are available through Github at https://github.com/Zhangxf-ccnu/EnImpute.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.