bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causality of climate and soil factors affecting whole crop rye (Secale cereale L.) yield as part of natural ecosystem structure via longitudinal structural equation model in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kim Moonju , Peng Jinglun , Sung Kyungil
Published: August 2019

In this study, the causality of climate and soil factors affecting the whole crop rye yield was identified via structural equation model, such as the seasonal effect between autumn and next spring, the indirect effect of the precipitation and the relationship between soil physical and climate factors. To identify the causality under the part of natural ecosystem, the structure was modeled with climates (autumnal accumulated temperature, autumnal growing days, spring accumulated temperature, spring growing days, spring amount of precipitation, and spring days with precipitation) and soil physical properties (drainage classes, effective soil depth, slope, and gravel content). As a result, we could estimate various specific relationships: First, the seasonal effect of accumulated temperature and growing days between autumn and next spring was obvious for the yield. Second, the precipitation had indirectly influenced the yield through suitable temperature in next spring. Final, the soil physical factor was related to the only precipitation, which means the effect of soil factor was significant through the spring precipitation. The structure could be modeled with climate and soil physical factors as a part of natural ecosystem, which was performed at the first time in the Republic of Korea and will be helpful to extend the structure with various factors in the future study.
Sperm number assessed by flow cytometry in species of Daphnia (Crustacea, Cladocera)
Authors: Dufresne France , Belzile Claude , McKindsey Charlotte , Beaudreau Nicholas
Published: August 2019

Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex are two important model species in ecotoxicology. In daphniids, studies of the effects of contaminants have mostly focused on female life history traits, yet it would also be important to examine male reproductive traits, particularly in relation to endocrine disruptors. In this study, we developed a protocol that uses flow cytometry to measure sperm number in individual males of different species of Daphnia. We tested our protocol on 114 males from several clones of three common species of Daphnia. Sperm count varied widely among individuals and reached high numbers (up to 1.45 × 105). Positive relationships between male length and sperm number were observed in D. pulex and Daphnia pulicaria, but not in D. magna. Important inter‐clonal differences in sperm production were observed in all species, with some clones producing very little sperm. Duplicated sperm samples showed on average only 6% difference in sperm counts. Sperm counts were stable at least over a 2‐hr period and up to 5 hr for most samples. This sperm isolation protocol and flow cytometric enumeration approach will be of major interest to ecotoxicologists.
Long non‐coding RNA LINC01225 promotes proliferation, invasion and migration of gastric cancer via Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway
Authors: Xu Ying , Zhang Guohua , Zou Chen , Qi Weidong , Gong Zhigang , Zhang Guoliang , Ma Gui , Zhang Wenbo , Jiang Pengcheng
Published: August 2019

Emerging evidence has classified the aberrant expression of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as a basic signature of various malignancies including gastric cancer (GC). LINC01225 has been shown to act as a hepatocellular carcinoma‐related gene, with its expression pattern and biological function not clarified in GC. Here, we verified that LINC01225 was up‐regulated in tumour tissues and plasma of GC. Analysis with clinicopathological information suggested that up‐regulation of LINC01225 was associated with advanced disease and poorer overall survival. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that plasma LINC01225 had a moderate accuracy for diagnosis of GC. In addition, knockdown of LINC01225 led to retardation of cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and overexpression of LINC01225 showed the opposite effects. Mechanistic investigations showed that LINC01225 silencing inhibited epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and attenuated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling of GC. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Wnt1 or suppression of GSK‐3β abolished the si‐LINC01225‐mediated suppression against EMT, thereby promoting cell proliferation, invasion and migration of GC. In conclusion, LINC01225 promotes the progression of GC through Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway, and it may serve as a potential target or strategy for diagnosis or treatment of GC.
Blame‐shifting in Times of Permanent Austerity: Evidence from Spain and Greece in the Eurozone Crisis
Authors: Sommer Moritz
Published: August 2019

The literature on blame avoidance suggests that politicians seek to avoid the risk of electoral punishment by means of blame‐shifting. Based on a quantitative content analysis of public responsibility attributions, this article explores public blame‐shifting among Greek and Spanish parties in austerity governments during the eurozone crisis. Arguing that blame avoidance behavior in times of austerity is conditioned by party ideology, the findings suggest that incumbent left‐wing parties are more inclined to shift the blame whereas conservative parties also claim credit. The article then explores how the European character of the crisis influenced the patterns of blame‐shifting. The results show firstly, that external blame‐shifting rose significantly in times of incumbency, when foreign actors appeared to be ideal scapegoats; secondly, external blame‐shifting in the crisis was slightly more common among left‐wing parties. The article contributes to assessing the role of party ideology for blame‐shifting and it helps to understand blame‐shifting in European policy fields.
Embryo transfer associated with hormone replacement therapy cycles using assisted reproductive technology increases placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Sakai Yuya , Ono Masanori , Iizuka Takashi , Kagami Kyosuke , Masumoto Sakiko , Nakayama Midori , Nakade Kyohei , Shitano Yasushi , Yamazaki Rena , Fujiwara Hiroshi
Published: August 2019

Aim

To evaluate obstetric outcomes in embryo transfer (ET) during estrogen with progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) cycles using assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Methods

Of the 118 singleton pregnancies conceived with ART and delivered between January 2015 and December 2017, we reviewed the data of 87 cases that had information on HRT at the time of ET. Data on pregnancy outcomes included the presence of small for gestational age fetuses, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, placenta previa (including low‐lying placenta), placental abruption and placenta accreta spectrum (including placenta accreta, placenta increta and placenta percreta). We investigated the relationship between HRT cycles and adverse placental outcomes (placenta accreta spectrum, placental abruption, placenta previa, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and small for gestational age fetuses). We then analyzed the associations that correlated with adverse placental outcomes.

Results

Patients with ET during HRT cycles were more likely to have placenta accreta spectrum. During the study period, 87 out of 118 singleton live births using ART had information on HRT (60 HRT cycles and 27 ovulation cycles). The incidence of placenta accreta spectrum was significantly higher in the HRT cycle group than in the ovulation cycle group (HRT cycle, 31.7% [19 of 60] vs ovulation cycle, 7.4% [2 of 27]; P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The obstetric outcomes occurring in pregnancies involving HRT use may differ among ET cycles. ET during HRT cycles were associated with adverse obstetric outcomes due to placenta accreta spectrum. The potential interaction between HRT cycles and adverse placental events is novel and warrants further investigation.
Population structure and linkage disequilibrium in a large collection of Fusarium oxysporum strains analysed through iPBS markers
Authors: Ates Duygu , Altinok Hacer H. , Ozkuru Esin , Ferik Filiz , Erdogmus Semih , Can Canan , Tanyolac Muhammed Bahattin
Published: August 2019

In the current study, 160 pathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum collected from tomato, eggplant and pepper were studied. Eighteen inter‐primer binding site (iPBS)‐retrotransposon primers were used, and these primers generated 205 scorable polymorphic bands. The number of polymorphic bands per primer varied between 9 and 19, with a mean of 11 bands per primer. The highest polymorphism information content (PIC) value was determined as 0.27, and the lowest was 0.05. The unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram including a heat map revealed that the 160 pathogenic strains of F. oxysporum were divided into two main clusters. The first cluster mainly included F. oxysporum f. sp. capsici (FOC) and F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae (FOMG) isolates. The second cluster mainly comprised F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici (FORL) isolates. The highest percentage of loci in significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) was detected for FOL, whereas the lowest level of LD was found for FOC, and 95.2%, 99.4%, 99.1% and 97.4% of the relative kinship estimates were less than 0.4 for FOL, FOMG, FORL and FOC, respectively. LD differences were detected among formae speciales, and LD was higher in FOL as compare to FOC species. The findings of this study confirm that iPBS‐retrotransposon markers are highly polymorphic at the intraspecific level in Fusarium spp.
Looking for a Needle in a Haystack: How to Search for Bottom‐Up Social Innovations that Solve Complex Humanitarian Problems
Authors: Kruse Daniel J. , Goeldner Moritz , Eling Katrin , Herstatt Cornelius
Published: August 2019

The worldwide increase in societal challenges is putting pressure on humanitarian organizations to develop sophisticated approaches to leverage social innovations in the humanitarian sector. Since humanitarian problems are complex problems, with the relevant knowledge being hidden, organizational search theory advocates the application of bottom‐up and theory‐guided search processes to identify the social innovations that solve these. Unfortunately, there has been no theoretical attention to understanding which approaches apply in this context. Further, established theory‐guided bottom‐up search processes, such as the lead user method, are unsuitable to the humanitarian sector, and we lack practice examples of adequate search processes. To start addressing this gap in theory and practice, procedural action research was done with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies to develop a theory‐guided bottom‐up innovation search process for the real‐life humanitarian problem of recurring floods in Indonesia. It revealed that an innovation search process for this context must differ significantly concerning its objectives and the steps to be taken from the lead user method, which was used as a starting point. Further, a comparison of the technical quality and the social impacts of the identified social innovations with social innovations identified through a non‐theory‐guided bottom‐up search process (i.e., an innovation contest) suggests the superiority of this theory‐guided search process. With this conclusion and the insights derived throughout the development of the search process, this study makes important contributions to theory development in the social and open innovation literatures and delivers important recommendations for social innovation practice in the humanitarian sector.
Computed tomography imaging characteristics of canine nasal chondrosarcoma
Authors: Jania R. , Boudreaux B. , Langohr I. , Looper J. , Rademacher N.
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To describe the CT appearance of canine nasal chondrosarcoma and compare calcification patterns with those described in humans.

Materials and Methods

CT examinations of dogs with biopsy‐confirmed nasal chondrosarcoma were retrospectively reviewed and evaluated, including description of calcification patterns.

Results

Major findings are consistent with the previously described CT appearance of canine nasal tumours. Additionally, calcification patterns described as features of human nasal chondrosarcomas were also identified.

Clinical Significance

Findings may help prioritise differential lists of destructive nasal masses seen on CT in dogs.
A phylogenetic perspective on the evolutionary processes of floristic assemblages within a biodiversity hotspot in eastern Asia
Authors: Li Rong , Yue Juan
Published: August 2019

Abstract How to maximize the conservation of biodiversity is critical for conservation planning, particularly given rapid habitat loss and global climatic change. The importance of preserving phylogenetic diversity has gained recognition due to its ability to identify some influences of evolutionary history on contemporary patterns of species assemblages that traditional taxonomic richness measures cannot identify. In this study, we evaluate the relationship between taxonomic richness and phylogenetic diversity of angiosperms at genus and species levels and explore the spatial pattern of the residuals of this relationship. We then incorporate data on historical biogeography to understand the process that shaped contemporary floristic assemblages in a global biodiversity hotspot, Yunnan Province, located in southwestern China. We identified a strong correlation between phylogenetic diversity residuals and the biogeographic affinity of the lineages in the extant Yunnan angiosperm flora. Phylogenetic diversity is well correlated with taxonomic richness at both genus and species levels between floras in Yunnan, where two diversity centers of phylogenetic diversity were identified (the northwestern center and the southern center). The northwestern center, with lower phylogenetic diversity than expected based on taxonomic richness, is rich in temperate‐affinity lineages and signifies an area of rapid speciation. The southern center, with higher phylogenetic diversity than predicted by taxonomic richness, contains a higher proportion of lineages with tropical affinity and seems to have experienced high immigration rates. Our results highlight that maximizing phylogenetic diversity with historical interpretation can provide valuable insights into the floristic assemblage of a region and better‐informed decisions can be made to ensure different stages of a region's evolutionary history are preserved.
Usefulness of noninvasive shear wave elastography for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis in dogs with hepatic disease
Authors: Tamura Masahiro , Ohta Hiroshi , Shimbo Genya , Osuga Tatsuyuki , Sasaki Noboru , Morishita Keitaro , Kagawa Yumiko , Takiguchi Mitsuyoshi
Published: August 2019

Background

Two‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE) can noninvasively evaluate hepatic elastic modulus as shear wave velocity (SWV). Additionally, it may predict the presence of clinical relevant hepatic fibrosis (≥F2) in dogs with hepatic disease.

Objectives

To investigate whether SWV measured by 2D‐SWE can differentiate between dogs with (≥F2) and without (F0‐1) clinically relevant hepatic fibrosis.

Animals

Twenty‐eight client‐owned dogs with hepatic disease and 8 normal healthy Beagle dogs were enrolled.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional prospective study, SWVs were measured using 2D‐SWE in all dogs. Hepatic fibrosis stages and necroinflammatory activity grades were histopathologically evaluated using a histological scoring scheme that was adapted from the Ishak schema used in human medicine.

Results

Median SWVs were significantly higher in dogs with clinically relevant hepatic fibrosis (2.04 m/s; range, 1.81‐2.26 m/s) than in healthy dogs (1.51 m/s; range, 1.44‐1.66 m/s; P = .007), and dogs without clinically relevant hepatic fibrosis (1.56 m/s; range, 1.37‐1.67 m/s; P < .001). However, no significant difference was found in the SWVs between dogs without clinically relevant hepatic fibrosis and healthy dogs (P = .99). Furthermore, median SWVs were not significantly different among dogs with necroinflammatory activity, those without necroinflammatory activity, and healthy dogs (Kruskal‐Wallis test, P = .12).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The 2D‐SWE may be useful for predicting the presence of hepatic fibrosis in dogs with hepatic disease.
Cognitive burden and polypharmacy in elderly Japanese patients treated with anticholinergics for an overactive bladder
Authors: Shiota Takako , Torimoto Kazumasa , Okuda Masahiro , Iwata Ryo , Kumamoto Hiromi , Miyake Makito , Hirayama Akihide , Tanaka Nobumichi , Fujimoto Kiyohide
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to investigate the cognitive burden and polypharmacy in elderly patients treated with anticholinergics for an overactive bladder. We conducted a retrospective study of patients with an overactive bladder receiving treatment at two hospitals in Japan (Nara Medical University Hospital and Saiseikai Nara Hospital). Prescription data were collected from the medical records of the patients registered between January 2013 and April 2014. The Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale was used to estimate the severity of the anticholinergic effects on the cognition of each patient. We collected the prescription data of 584 and 246 patients from the Nara Medical University Hospital and Saiseikai Nara Hospital, respectively. The mean daily total Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden score ranged between 3 and 4 (3.59 ± 1.16 at Nara Medical University Hospital vs 3.32 ± 0.78 at Saiseikai Nara Hospital, P < 0.01). At both hospitals, the mean number of prescriptions was >5 in patients ≥75 years (5.95 ± 4.43 and 5.64 ± 3.90 at Nara Medical University Hospital and Saiseikai Nara Hospitals, respectively). Our findings suggest that 10%–20% of elderly patients (≥65 years) receiving treatment with anticholinergics for an overactive bladder are in a state of polypharmacy. The total anticholinergic cognitive burden of each patient mainly depends on the anticholinergics being used for treating the overactive bladder. Especially for elderly patients with a high risk of adverse effects, including cognitive impairment, careful attention needs to be paid during selection of drugs for treating patients with an overactive bladder.
Water potential control of turgor‐driven tracheid enlargement in Scots pine at its xeric distribution edge
Authors: Cabon Antoine , Fernández‐de‐Uña Laura , Gea‐Izquierdo Guillermo , Meinzer Frederick C. , Woodruff David R. , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , De Cáceres Miquel
Published: August 2019

The extent to which water availability can be used to predict the enlargement and final dimensions of xylem conduits remains an open issue.

We reconstructed the time course of tracheid enlargement in Pinus sylvestris trees in central Spain by repeated measurements of tracheid diameter on microcores sampled weekly during a 2 yr period. We analyzed the role of water availability in these dynamics empirically through time‐series correlation analysis and mechanistically by building a model that simulates daily tracheid enlargement rate and duration based on Lockhart's equation and water potential as the sole input.

Tracheid enlargement followed a sigmoid‐like time course, which varied intra‐ and interannually. Our empirical analysis showed that final tracheid diameter was strongly related to water availability during tracheid enlargement. The mechanistic model was calibrated and successfully validated (R2 = 0.92) against the observed tracheid enlargement time course. The model was also able to reproduce the seasonal variations of tracheid enlargement rate, duration and final diameter (R2 = 0.84–0.99).

Our results support the hypothesis that tracheid enlargement and final dimensions can be modeled based on the direct effect of water potential on turgor‐driven cell expansion. We argue that such a mechanism is consistent with other reported patterns of tracheid dimension variation.
Association of hypokalemia with cortisol and ACTH levels in Cushing's disease
Authors: Fan Linling , Zhuang Yuan , Wang Yi , Liu Xinhua , Liu Dan , Xiang Boni , He Min , Zhang Zhaoyun , Li Yiming , Wang Yongfei , Zhu Xiaoming , Ye Hongying
Published: August 2019

Hypokalemia is a common feature in patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS). Whether the occurrence of hypokalemia is associated with cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels is still unclear. Approximately 80% of cases of endogenous CS are due to Cushing's disease (CD). The purpose of this study was to determine the association of hypokalemia with cortisol and ACTH levels in patients with CD. The retrospective study included 195 patients with CD referred to our medical center from January 2011 to December 2017. The results show that 25.64% (50/195) of the patients had hypokalemia. The 24‐h urinary free cortisol (UFC) and plasma cortisol levels were significantly higher in patients with hypokalemia than those with normokalemia (P < 0.05). Plasma ACTH levels were similar between the patients with hypokalemia and normokalemia (P > 0.05). Cortisol levels were negatively correlated with plasma potassium levels (08:00: r = −0.344 (P < 0.01), 00:00: r = −0.435 (P < 0.01); 24‐h UFC: r = −0.281 (P < 0.05)). There was no significant correlation between the plasma ACTH and potassium (08:00: r = −0.093 (P > 0.05), 00:00: r = −0.184 (P > 0.050)). Our current data suggest that cortisol level, instead of ACTH level, is correlated with plasma potassium level. A high cortisol level may be the principal cause of hypokalemia.
Risk Factors for Functional Outcomes of the Elderly with Intertrochanteric Fracture: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ju Jia‐bao , Zhang Pei‐xun , Jiang Bao‐guo
Published: August 2019

Objective

To identify baseline factors relevant to functional outcomes and health‐related quality of life in the elderly with intertrochanteric fractures.

Methods

For the present study, 168 patients with intertrochanteric fracture who were assigned to different treatments between January 2016 and December 2017 were retrospectively selected. Hip function was assessed by Harris hip score (HHS), and health‐related quality of life was evaluated by Barthel index (BI) of activities of daily living (ADL) and EuroQol 5‐dimensions (EQ‐5D) score, respectively. Data were analyzed by t‐test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, χ2‐test, and multivariate linear regression.

Results

A total of 164 (97.6%) patients completed the follow‐up, with an average follow‐up time of 15.7 ± 6.9 months; 39 (23.8%) patients died during the follow‐up period and 125 (76.2%) patients were eligible for the functional analysis. HHS at final follow‐up of 125 patients was 71.8 ± 13.1, and the following were associated with hip functional recovery: age (−0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.73 to −0.18, P < 0.01), serum albumin (0.65, 95% CI 0.04 to 1.27, P < 0.05), and ADL at discharge (0.18, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.33, P < 0.05). The Barthel index at final follow up in this cohort was 80.2 ± 18.1, and multivariable linear regression analysis showed that age (−0.49, 95% CI −0.85 to −0.12; P < 0.05), ADL score at discharge (0.29, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.51; P < 0.05) and internal fixation (16.3, 95% CI 3.3 to 29.3; P < 0.05) were associated with ADL at final follow‐up. EQ‐5D at final follow‐up was 0.74 ± 0.2, with which HHS (0.012, 95% CI 0.011 to 0.013; P < 0.01) was positively associated.

Conclusion

We identify several baseline factors associated with hip functional outcome, health utility, and ADL in the elderly after an intertrochanteric fracture, of which we could modify mutable factors to achieve better outcomes. These findings could help to inform treatment and functional prognosis.
Elastic Stable Titanium Flexible Intramedullary Nails Versus Plates in Treating Low Grade Comminuted Femur Shaft Fractures in Children
Authors: Luo Yi , Wang Lin , Zhao Li‐hua , Wang Yi‐cheng , Chen Meng‐jie , Wang Sun , Ma Qi‐chao
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To review the experience at our center with elastic stable titanium flexible intramedullary nails (ESIN) for pediatric femoral shaft unstable fractures.

Methods

From January 2015 to January 2017, 56 consecutive patients with femur shaft fractures were treated in our hospital. History and radiologic parameters were retrospectively reviewed. The inclusion criteria were: femur shaft fractures treated by ESIN or locking compressing plates (LCP); more than 2 years’ follow‐up care; and complete clinical information. A total of 51 patients were included according to the criteria: 16 girls and 35 boys. Ages at operation averaged 5.9 ± 2.8 years. Outcome: anteroposterior (AP) and lateral X‐ray radiographs were performed every 2 weeks before the fracture healing, every 3 months until 1 year, then once a year after the surgery. Clinical examinations were recorded for any clinical deformity, hardware prominence, pain, and infection. ESIN were applied in either a retrograde or an antegrade fashion for 29 patients. For 22 patients, LCP were implanted. For the remaining 5 cases, instruments other than ESIN and LCP were applied.

Results

The average follow‐up time was 29 months (range, 24–37 months). The average operation time was 78.2 min (range, 25–155 mins). The average blood loss in surgery was 69.6 mL (range, 3–700 mL). The average healing of fracture time was 2.2 month (range, 1–6 months). The average removal of implants time was 7.8 months (range, 3–20 months). The average expense for index operation was CNY 31 100 (CNY 17 500–142 200).

Comminution grades were strongly correlated with time to fracture union (P < 0.001, r = 0.53) and time to implant removal (P = 0.006, r = 0.38). For comminuted pattern, the operation time and blood loss during operation in LCP were significantly higher than those in ESIN (P = 0.037 and P = 0.006, respectively). Other clinical parameters were similar between the two groups. No clinically detectable LLD, rotational or angular deformity was found. All patients recovered full knee range of motion. In this series, 30 patients (59%) had complications; 26 minor complications (51%) did not require unplanned surgery, most of which were prominence of hardware; 4 patients (8%) had a major complication and underwent an unplanned surgery. Of these, 2 were refractures distal to primary fracture and 2 were intolerable prominence of ESIN.

Conclusions

Elastic stable intramedullary nails provide equivalent outcomes but decreased operative time and blood loss during surgery, and lower hospitalization cost in treating low‐grade comminuted femur shaft fracture compared with plating techniques. The results of this study support the use of ESIN over plates in low‐grade comminuted femur shaft fractures despite the fact that both options are indicated.
Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Blood Loss of Lower Extremity Osteotomy in Peri‐acetabulum and High Tibia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Yao Ru‐zhan , Gao Wei‐qiang , Wang Bing‐wu , Wang Guang‐lin , Wu Cheng‐xi , A‐mu Yi‐da
Published: August 2019

Objective

To assess the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing total blood loss and transfusion, and the risk of thromboembolic events in patients undergoing periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) and high tibial osteotomy (HTO).

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), and Web of Science. ClinicalTrials.gov, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), and Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) conference proceedings were also searched to gain more eligible studies. The primary outcome measure was total blood loss and the blood transfusion rate of the TXA group versus control. The meta‐analysis was conducted using the RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software.

Results

A total of six studies were included involving 665 patients. Three studies were PAO, and the other three were HTO. The total blood loss in PAO (WMD, −330.49; 95% CI, −390.16 to −270.83; P < 0.001) and HTO (WMD, −252.50; 95% CI, −356.81 to −148.18; P < 0.001) and hemoglobin decline (WMD, −0.74; 95% CI, −1.09 to −0.38; P < 0.001) were significantly less in the TXA group than in the control group. TXA could reduce transfusion rates in PAO (RR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.75; P = 0.01) but had no effect on HTO (RR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.01 to 4.10; P = 0.30). The wound complications (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.13 to 2.94; P = 0.54) had no significant difference between TXA and control groups.

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis demonstrated that TXA reduces total blood loss and hemoglobin decline in patients undergoing PAO and is safe, but it has little benefit in regard to reducing transfusion rates or wound complications in HTO, so TXA might be unwarranted for routine use for HTO.
Polygenic risk scores in schizophrenia with clinically significant copy number variants
Authors: Taniguchi Satoru , Ninomiya Kohei , Kushima Itaru , Saito Takeo , Shimasaki Ayu , Sakusabe Takaya , Momozawa Yukihide , Kubo Michiaki , Kamatani Yoichiro , Ozaki Norio , Ikeda Masashi , Iwata Nakao
Published: August 2019

Aims

Recent studies have revealed that the interplay between polygenic risk scores (PRS) and large copy number variants (CNV; >500kb) is essential for the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). To replicate previous findings, including those for smaller CNV (>10kb), the PRS between SCZ patients with and without CNV were compared.

Methods

The PRS were calculated for 724 patients with SCZ and 1178 healthy controls (HC), genotyped using array‐based comparative genomic hybridization and single nucleotide polymorphisms chips, and comparisons were made between cases and HC, or between subjects with and without ‘clinically significant’ CNV.

Results

First, we replicated the higher PRS in patients with SCZ compared to that in HC (without taking into account the CNV). For clinically significant CNV, as defined by the American College of Medical Genetics (‘pathogenic’ and ‘uncertain clinical significance, likely pathogenic’ CNV), 66 patients with SCZ carried clinically significant CNV, whereas 658 SCZ patients had no such CNV. In the comparison of PRS between cases with/without the CNV, despite no significant difference in PRS, significant enrichment of the well‐established risk CNV (22q11.2 deletion and 47,XXY/47,XXX) was observed in the lowest decile of PRS in SCZ patients with the CNV.

Conclusion

Although the present study failed to replicate the significant difference in PRS between SCZ patients with and without clinically significant CNV, SCZ patients with well‐established risk CNV tended to have a lower PRS. Therefore, we speculate that the CNV in SCZ patients with lower PRS may contain ‘genuine’ risk; PRS is a possible tool for prioritizing clinically significant CNV because the power of the CNV association analysis is limited due to their rarity.
Mobile phone interventions to improve adolescents' physical health: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shin YunHee , Kim Sun Kyung , Lee Mihyun
Published: August 2019

Background

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile phone intervention in promoting a healthy lifestyle among adolescents.

Methods

Six databases were used for literature searches: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, KoreaMed, and Research Information Sharing Service. The keywords used were “adolescents,” “mobile phone,” “smartphone,” “mHealth,” “application,” and “text message.” The search was restricted to intervention studies using randomized controlled studies and pre‐ and post‐control group studies targeting adolescents, all written in English and Korean.

Results

Eleven intervention studies, including 1,472 adolescents, were included. Included studies published between 2013 and 2018 used various mobile phone features: four studies utilized phone call and text messaging, whereas seven studies used health applications. Methodological quality was assessed and the overall quality of the studies was mid to low. The pooled data favored intervention in improving physical activity and reducing sugar‐sweetened beverage intake and screen time. In a pooled data analysis, the effectiveness of mobile phone intervention on body mass index and weight loss was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

This study provided evidence that mobile phone intervention improved physical health and fitness among adolescents. More beneficial effects can be guaranteed when interventions involve informative and motivational messages. Strategies to ensure the durability of such interventions are needed to promote active and continuous engagement.
Territorial Autonomy as a Tool of Minority Accommodation in the Post‐Soviet Space: The Cases of Ukraine and Moldova
Authors: Osipov Alexander
Published: August 2019

The article examines how territorial autonomy arrangements provide for the accommodation of ethnic diversity in the framework of unconsolidated democracies or ‘hybrid’ regimes. The paper focuses on Ukraine and Moldova whose politics and techniques of government combine Soviet legacies with knowledge and values transferred from ‘old’ democracies. The article rests on institutional analysis and involves the study of institutional settings in the domains of instrumental and symbolic policies. The examined autonomy arrangements to a large extent follow the patterns inherited from the Soviet past such as non‐articulation of the autonomies’ ethnic underpinning, ‘fuzzy legality’, the prevalence of informal institutions and their symbiosis with the formal ones, and systemic discrepancies between symbolic and instrumental policies. The author argues that such a system can be functional and compatible with democratic governance.
Ethnic Entrepreneurship and Placemaking in Toronto's Ethnic Retail Neighbourhoods
Authors: Zhuang Zhixi Cecilia
Published: August 2019

Research about ethnic businesses primarily focuses on the urban context; yet, contemporary immigrants in North America have increasingly been settling and establishing new businesses in suburbs. This paper explores emerging suburban ethnic retail clusters in the Greater Toronto Area by comparing them to established urban business enclaves. Drawing on extensive field research, surveys, and interviews in more than 100 suburban Chinese and South Asian retail clusters, this paper explores entrepreneurial experiences in suburban retail spaces, the role of ethnic entrepreneurs in suburban placemaking, and the opportunities and constraints affecting entrepreneurs' interaction with other key players. It demonstrates the need to build on the mixed embeddedness model when exploring ethnic entrepreneurship in a suburban context, as well as the need to consider how the institutional framework plays a role in shaping ethnic retail places and the spatial and physical outcomes of ethnic entrepreneurship.
A novel strategy to visualize vesicle‐bound kinesins reveals the diversity of kinesin‐mediated transport
Authors: Yang Rui , Bostick Zoe , Garbouchian Alex , Luisi Julie , Banker Gary , Bentley Marvin
Published: August 2019

In mammals, 15 to 20 kinesins are thought to mediate vesicle transport. Little is known about the identity of vesicles moved by each kinesin or the functional significance of such diversity. To characterize the transport mediated by different kinesins, we developed a novel strategy to visualize vesicle‐bound kinesins in living cells. We applied this method to cultured neurons and systematically determined the localization and transport parameters of vesicles labeled by different members of the Kinesin‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 families. We observed vesicle labeling with nearly all kinesins. Only six kinesins bound vesicles that undergo long‐range transport in neurons. Of these, three had an axonal bias (KIF5B, KIF5C and KIF13B), two were unbiased (KIF1A and KIF1Bβ), and one transported only in dendrites (KIF13A). Overall, the trafficking of vesicle‐bound kinesins to axons or dendrites did not correspond to their motor domain preference, suggesting that on‐vesicle regulation is crucial for kinesin targeting. Surprisingly, several kinesins were associated with populations of somatodendritic vesicles that underwent little long‐range transport. This assay should be broadly applicable for investigating kinesin function in many cell types.
Epidemiological, pathological and immunohistochemical aspects of 125 cases of feline lymphoma in Southern Brazil
Authors: Leite‐Filho Ronaldo V. , Panziera Welden , Bandinelli Marcele B. , Henker Luan C. , da Conceição Monteiro Kalinka , Corbellini Luis G. , Driemeier David , Sonne Luciana , Pavarini Saulo P.
Published: August 2019

A retrospective study compiling cases of feline lymphoma diagnosed during 12 years (2004‐2016) in Southern Brazil was performed. A total of 125 cases of lymphoma diagnosed in cats were reviewed, and information including age, breed, sex and tumour topography were collected. FeLV and FIV immunohistochemical tests were performed, as well as immunophenotyping of lymphomas. The alimentary form represented the most common presentation (42/125), followed by mediastinal lymphoma (35/125). Out of 125 cases, 79 presented positive retroviral immunostaining in tumour tissue (52 FeLV alone, 14 FIV alone and 13 presented FIV and FeLV co‐infections), 66/125 of the cases were of T‐cell origin and 59/125 of the cases were of B‐cell origin. The median age of cats with T‐cell lymphoma was 120 months (10‐240 months), and 60 months (6‐204 months) for cats with B‐cell lymphoma. The most frequent alimentary tumour presentation was the enteropathy‐associated T‐cell lymphoma (type 1), and the major type of mediastinal tumour observed was diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Considering only mediastinal and alimentary lymphomas (n = 77), the prevalence of mediastinal lymphoma in FeLV‐positive cats was 2.21 times higher than the prevalence of this type of tumour in FeLV‐negative cats (P= .036). Mediastinal lymphoma was more frequently observed in younger cats, and the prevalence of mediastinal tumours in these animals was 3.06 times higher than the prevalence of this tumour form in old cats (P= .0125). The present study indicates that retroviral infections still play an important role in the development of feline lymphomas in southern Brazil.
Osteochondral fragments of the pastern joint at the origin of the collateral ligament of the distal sesamoid bone: performance after arthroscopic removal (2000–2015)
Authors: Moyer Christine T. , Bramlage Lawrence R. , Werre Stephen R. , Ruggles Alan , Embertson Rolf , Hopper Scott
Published: August 2019

Objective

To describe the presence of fragments in the dorsal proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and to report flat racing performance after surgical treatment.

Study design

Retrospective study.

Sample population

Thirty‐nine affected thoroughbred flat racehorses and 169 age‐ and sex‐matched maternal siblings.

Methods

Medical records from 2000 to 2015 were reviewed for thoroughbred horses that underwent arthroscopic removal of osteochondral fragments in the dorsal aspect of the PIP joint. The horses’ 2‐year‐old year, 3‐year‐old year, and career athletic performances were compared with their matched siblings.

Results

Thirty‐nine thoroughbred horses were included, varying in age from 4 months to 4 years, with osteochondral fragments in 42 PIP joints. Hind limbs (92%) were more commonly affected than forelimbs (8%). Fragments were located within the origin of the collateral ligament of the distal sesamoid (navicular) bone. After surgery, the likelihood of starting a race did not differ between treated horses (27/39 [69%]) and maternal siblings (129/169 [76%],P = .15). Race earnings did not differ between treated horses and their siblings during their 2‐year‐old year (P = .66), 3‐year‐old year (P = .43), or career (P = .60).

Conclusion

Removing osteochondral fragments from the origin of the collateral ligament of the distal sesamoid bone did not impair the ability to race or earning potential for affected thoroughbred racehorses compared with their maternal siblings.

Clinical significance

Fragments from the dorsal aspect of the PIP joint in racehorses can be removed arthroscopically resulting in a good clinical outcome and future flat racing performance comparable to matched controls.
Seifert vs. slice genera of knots in twist families and a characterization of braid axes
Authors: Baker Kenneth L. , Motegi Kimihiko
Published: August 2019

Twisting a knot in along a disjoint unknot produces a twist family of knots indexed by the integers. We prove that if the ratio of the Seifert genus to the slice genus for knots in a twist family limits to 1, then the winding number of about equals either zero or the wrapping number. As a key application, if or the mirror twist family contains infinitely many tight fibered knots, then the latter must occur. This leads to the characterization that is a braid axis of if and only if both and each contain infinitely many tight fibered knots. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for to contain infinitely many L‐space knots, and apply the characterization to prove that satellite L‐space knots have braided patterns, which answers a question of both Baker–Moore and Hom in the positive. This result also implies an absence of essential Conway spheres for satellite L‐space knots, which gives a partial answer to a conjecture of Lidman–Moore.
Effect of channel separation and interaural mismatch on fusion and lateralization in normal-hearing and cochlear-implant listeners
Authors: Kan Alan , Goupell Matthew J. , Litovsky Ruth Y.
Published: August 2019

Bilateral cochlear implantation has provided access to some of the benefits of binaural hearing enjoyed by normal-hearing (NH) listeners. However, a gap in performance still exists between the two populations. Single-channel stimulation studies have shown that interaural place-of-stimulation mismatch (IPM) due to differences in implantation depth leads to decreased binaural fusion and lateralization of interaural time and level differences (ITDs and ILDs, respectively). While single-channel studies are informative, multi-channel stimulation is needed for good speech understanding with cochlear implants (CIs). Some multi-channel studies have shown that channel interaction due to current spread can affect ITD sensitivity. In this work, we studied the effect of IPM and channel spacing, along with their potential interaction, on binaural fusion and ITD/ILD lateralization. Experiments were conducted in adult NH listeners and CI listeners with a history of acoustic hearing. Results showed that IPM reduced the range of lateralization for ITDs but not ILDs. CI listeners were more likely to report a fused percept in the presence of IPM with multi-channel stimulation than NH listeners. However, no effect of channel spacing was found. These results suggest that IPM should be accounted for in clinical mapping practices in order to maximize bilateral CI benefits.
The public and legislative impact of hyperconcentrated topic news
Authors: Sheshadri Karthik , Singh Munindar P.
Published: August 2019

Punctuated news equilibria, caused by either framing or event-driven news, G-cause legislation and public attention change.
Evolutionary adaptation in fucosyllactose uptake systems supports bifidobacteria-infant symbiosis
Authors: Sakanaka Mikiyasu , Hansen Morten Ejby , Gotoh Aina , Katoh Toshihiko , Yoshida Keisuke , Odamaki Toshitaka , Yachi Hiroyuki , Sugiyama Yuta , Kurihara Shin , Hirose Junko , Urashima Tadasu , Xiao Jin-zhong , Kitaoka Motomitsu , Fukiya Satoru , Yokota Atsushi , Lo Leggio Leila , Abou Hachem Maher , Katayama Takane
Published: August 2019

Human milk oligosaccharide transporters play key roles in symbiosis and coevolution between bifidobacteria and breast-fed infants.
Biogeochemical controls of surface ocean phosphate
Authors: Martiny Adam C. , Lomas Michael W. , Fu Weiwei , Boyd Philip W. , Chen Yuh-ling L. , Cutter Gregory A. , Ellwood Michael J. , Furuya Ken , Hashihama Fuminori , Kanda Jota , Karl David M. , Kodama Taketoshi , Li Qian P. , Ma Jian , Moutin Thierry , Woodward E. Malcolm S. , Moore J. Keith
Published: August 2019

High-sensitivity measurements reveal variation in surface ocean phosphate, leading to a new model for ocean nutrient cycles.
Combinatorial morphogenetic and mechanical cues to mimic bone development for defect repair
Authors: Herberg S. , McDermott A. M. , Dang P. N. , Alt D. S. , Tang R. , Dawahare J. H. , Varghai D. , Shin J.-Y. , McMillan A. , Dikina A. D. , He F. , Lee Y. B. , Cheng Y. , Umemori K. , Wong P. C. , Park H. , Boerckel J. D. , Alsberg E.
Published: August 2019

Mesenchymal condensations promote defect repair by mimicking cellular, morphogenetic, and mechanical aspects of bone development.
Nosing around α-synuclein
Authors: Haigh Cathryn
Published: August 2019

Neurons from the olfactory mucosa in combination with a highly sensitive amplification assay may offer a monitoring paradigm for α-synucleinopathies.
Possible Binding of Piperine in Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA Polymerase and Rifampin Synergism
Authors: Murase Letícia Sayuri , Perez de Souza João Vítor , Meneguello Jean Eduardo , Seixas Flavio Augusto Vicente , Hegeto Laíse Adriane , Scodro Regiane Bertin de Lima , Siqueira Vera Lucia Dias , Caleffi Ferracioli Katiany Rizzieri , Cardoso Rosilene Fressatti
Published: August 2019

The activity of rifampin (RIF) and piperine was evaluated at the relative transcript levels of 12 efflux pumps (EPs), and an additional mechanism was proposed to be behind the synergic interactions of piperine plus RIF in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. AutoDock v4.2.3 and Molegro v6 programs were used to evaluate PIP binding in
M. tuberculosis
RNA polymerase (RNAP).
Nearly Complete Genome Sequences of Enterovirus 96 and Enterovirus 99 Strains Isolated in the Northern Region of Brazil
Authors: Scerni Machado R. , Lima Ferreira J. , Santos Alves J. C. , Silva Bandeira R. , Silva Lemos P. , Chaves Franco Filho L. , Ferreira Cardoso J. , Silva Gonçalves Vianez-Junior J. L. , Neto Tavares F.
Published: August 2019

In this study, we report the nearly complete genome sequences of one enterovirus 96 (EV-C96) isolate (strain 3499/BRA-PA/2010) and two enterovirus 99 (EV-C99) isolates (strains 3291/BRA-PA/2010 and 3944/BRA-PA/2011). The genetic characterization of different enterovirus strains allows for a better understanding of their molecular epidemiology and viral evolution.
Complete Genome Sequences of Penicillin-Resistant Bacillus anthracis Strain PCr, Isolated from Bone Powder
Authors: Okutani Akiko , Inoue Satoshi , Morikawa Shigeru
Published: August 2019

Bacillus anthracis
, the etiologic agent of anthrax, is susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics, but few cases of naturally occurring penicillin-resistant strains have been reported. We report the genome sequence of penicillin-resistant strain
Bacillus anthracis
PCr, isolated from imported bone powder in 1978 in Japan.
Nearly Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Phlebovirus-Like Virus Detected in a Human Plasma Sample by High-Throughput Sequencing
Authors: Laubscher Florian , Cordey Samuel , Hartley Mary-Anne , Vieille Gael , Boillat-Blanco Noémie , Samaka Josephine , Mlaganile Tarsis , d’Acremont Valerie , Kaiser Laurent
Published: August 2019

Here, we report a novel phlebovirus-like virus sequence detected in a plasma sample from a febrile adult patient collected in the United Republic of Tanzania in 2014. A nearly complete RNA sequence was generated by high-throughput sequencing on a HiSeq 2500 instrument and further confirmed after repeating the analysis, starting from the initial sample.
Whole-Genome Sequences of 35 Incompatibility Group I1 Plasmid-Carrying Salmonella enterica Isolates from Food Animal and Clinical Sources
Authors: Aljahdali Nesreen H. , Kaldhone Pravin R. , Foley Steven L. , Khajanchi Bijay K.
Published: August 2019

We sequenced 35
Salmonella enterica
isolates carrying incompatibility group I1 (IncI1) plasmids from different serotypes to study their genotypic characteristics. The isolates originated from food animals (
n
= 32) and human patients (
n
= 3). All isolates carried IncI1 plasmids, and many had additional plasmids detected along with virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes.