bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of diagnostic criteria and choice of treatment tactics for patients with infectious spondylodiscitis based on a case series
Authors: Lyubimova L. V. , Preobrazhenskaya E. V. , Nikolaev N. S. , Pchelova N. N. , Lyubimov E. A.
Published: December 2023

Objective. To present a brief description of a series of clinical cases of infectious spondylodiscitis with an assessment of the used diagnostic criteria in terms of their influence on the choice of sanifying treatment tactics.

Material and Methods. A continuous retrospective study of 39 cases of spondylodiscitis was carried out. Level of evidence is IIIC. The level of ESR, serum C-reactive protein, the results of the study of biopsy materials, and CT and MRI data were evaluated. Criteria of neurological deficit, instability of the spinal motion segment, and recommendations for assessing the clinical and radiological severity of the disease were used to select the treatment tactics. Treatment success was defined as primary wound healing, absence of recurrent infection and/or death, and satisfaction with treatment according to the EQ-5D and EQ-VAS scales at a follow-up period of 22.5 months.

Results. The average age of patients was 57.4 years. Primary spondylodiscitis accounted for 82 %, the predominant localization of the pathological focus was the lumbar spine (56.4 %), and staphylococci were predominant etiologic agents (59.1 %). On average, the increase in ESR was 45 mm/h, C-reactive protein – 57 ng/l, and D-dimer – 1235 pg/ml. The level of pain before sanation according to the VAS scale was 6.79 points, after the operation it was 2.3 points (p < 0.05). Instability of the spinal motion segment according to the SINS scale was revealed in 36 cases, paravertebral abscess according to MRI – in 51.3 % of cases, and neurological deficit – in 38.5 % of cases. Severe spondylodiscitis according to the SponDT scale was noted in 53.8 %, moderate – in 43.6 %, and mild – in 2.6 % of patients. According to the clinical and radiological classification of infectious spondylodiscitis severity (SSC), grade I was present in 2 patients, grade II – in 21, and grade III – in 6. Compliance of the chosen treatment tactics with current recommendations was noted in 94,9 % of cases. Recurrence of infection was observed in 7.7 %; lethal outcome – in 5.1 %. Satisfaction with the quality of life according to EQ-5D was 0.74 points, and according to EQ-VAS – 73.88 points.

Conclusions. The integrated use of criteria for neurological deficit, instability of spinal motion segments, and severity of the disease according to the SponDT classification with the account of Pola’s recommendations on treatment tactics made it possible to choose the optimal treatment tactics and achieve satisfactory results in the sanation of patients with infectious spondylodiscitis.
Radiation doses to patients during pedicle screw fixation of the spine
Authors: Kubasov M. V. , Kravtsov M. N. , Golubin A. V. , Malakhovsky V. N. , Svistov D. V.
Published: December 2023

Objective. To analyze the radiation doses to patients during spinal decompression and stabilization surgery under optical CT navigation and fluoroscopy.

Material and Methods. Study design: retrospective cohort study. The sample consisted of 164 patients who underwent transpedicular fixation of the spine performed by percutaneous or open techniques. In the O-arm group (n = 109), cone-beam CT combined with optical navigation was used; in the C-arm group, fluoroscopy (n = 55) was used. The effective dose equivalent (EDE) and the maximum absorbed dose (MAD) in the skin were evaluated.

Results. EDE in the O-arm group was Me 9.1 mSv, [IQR: 7.1–11.6], and in the C-arm group –Me 1.8 mSv [IQR: 1.8–5.6], p < 0.0001. Maximum absorbed dose in the skin in the O-arm group was Me 49.3 mGy [IQR: 27.0–96.9], and in the C-arm group – Me 36.1 mGy [IQR: 16.6–111.5], p = 0.424.

Conclusion. The use of CT navigation and fluoroscopy during pedicle screw fixation of the spine is not associated with the risk of developing deterministic effects. The use of intraoperative CT navigation during pedicle screw fixation is associated with a greater patient EDE compared with that of fluoroscopy (p < 0.05). Differences in EDE received by patients undergoing open and percutaneous techniques of pedicle screw fixation are statistically insignificant, regardless of the type of beam guidance and the number of fixation levels. The number of intraoperative CT scans is proportional to the patient EDE (p = 0.018).
El daño transgeneracional en la jurisprudencia de la corte penal internacional
Authors: Martínez Elías Agustín Eugenio , Brusco Florencia
Published: December 2023

Este artículo estudia el marco jurídico y la jurisprudencia de la Corte Penal Internacional sobre el daño transgeneracional. Fue elaborado mediante búsqueda, selección y análisis de la jurisprudencia de ese Organismo, con el objetivo de acercarnos a la forma como ha sido abordada esta modalidad de daño en perjuicio de posibles víctimas. Hasta el momento, este concepto sigue en debate jurídico y deberá ser precisado por la Corte para su uso en próximos casos, lo que deja abierta la posibilidad de reconocer este daño y el subsecuente derecho de reparación a las víctimas afectadas por crímenes juzgados y sancionados por esta.
Tensiones y (des)encuentros en la relación entre política y derecho: elementos para pensar la justicia y el fortalecimiento de la democracia
Authors: León Ivonne Patricia , Quiñones Páez Julio Rafael
Published: December 2023

La idea de justicia, influida por el pensamiento liberal, ha sido mediada por la posibilidad de alcanzar un consenso racional entre individuos libres y autónomos, cuyo sustento se encuentra en una idea de la naturaleza humana que restringe las emociones en favor de la racionalidad y, con ello, define la separación entre política —entendida como conflicto— y derecho —entendido como consenso—. Tal separación debe ser superada por un modelo de justicia capaz de sustentar el conflicto político, que reconozca la naturaleza humana desde las emociones y fundamente una comprensión de la democracia como puente entre el derecho y la política, en tanto mecanismo de compromiso capaz de canalizar el conflicto y, a partir de allí, dotar de legitimidad al Estado y a la Constitución para proteger a las minorías.
Cláusulas de modificación contractual: una alternativa para el equilibrio de los contratos a largo plazo
Authors: Fernández Mónica , Gual José , Acosta Joaquín
Published: December 2023

Ante la variedad de cláusulas el presente escrito propone la identificación precisa de las cláusulas de modificación contractual y su importancia dentro de la amplia tipología de las cláusulas de adaptación contractual. A fin de destacar su utilidad en favor del mantenimiento del contrato entre empresas, en especial si son de larga duración, cuando enfrentan el advenimiento de ciertos riesgos que suelen ser ajenos a su voluntad, sin que se piense que per se son abusivas, éstas cláusulas enfrentan disyuntivas ante principios como la autonomía privada, el pacta sunt servanda,  el rebus sic stantibus y la buena fe, al funcionar como un mecanismo tanto preventivo como efectivo en favor del equilibrio de las prestaciones contractuales.
“La concubina”: expresión discriminatoria a la luz de los derechos humanos
Authors: Sanchez Sifriano Reyna
Published: December 2023

Este artículo presenta la evolución de la institución jurídica del concubinato, desde las culturas de la Antigüedad —Mesopotamia y Roma— hasta nuestros días. Para tal efecto se expone un análisis comparado doctrinal, legislativo y jurisprudencial, basado en que lo que subyace en el concubinato es una relación de hecho o sociedad de convivencia que, sin embargo, se considera como una institución originada por cuestiones económicas. A partir de un significado etimológico y gramatical de “concubina”, resulta indignante para la mujer, puesto que el término la discrimina y vulnera su derecho a la dignidad humana. La presente investigación tiene por objeto conocer el motivo por el cual se sigue denominando “concubina” puesto que, desde la reforma constitucional del 10 de junio de 2011, se ha dado mayor reconocimiento a los derechos humanos y, por ende, a los de la mujer.
Repensar la corrupción en Colombia: el fenómeno de la captura y la cooptación reconfigurada del Estado
Authors: Reyes Beltrán Pablo Ignacio , Rodríguez Villabona Andrés Abel
Published: December 2023

El artículo busca identificar, desde una perspectiva sociojurídica, cómo la corrupción no se agotó con la terminación del conflicto armado, sino que sigue siendo una cuestión estructural en las relaciones sociopolíticas en Colombia. En tal sentido, se pretende establecer la necesidad de estudiar nuevas dimensiones de análisis y enfoques de salidas definitivas o estructurales a problemas paralelos a la guerra interna, enraizados en los vínculos socioculturales asociados al fenómeno de la corrupción. Esta última se fundamenta en las relaciones sociopolíticas y socioeconómicas de la población, ante la ruptura y la falta de confianza entre los individuos y de estos con las instituciones estatales; este divorcio propicia nuevas formas de violencia ligados a la captura, la cooptación y la cooptación reconfigurada del Estado.
Las cosmologías de los Pueblos originarios sobre la naturaleza y su influencia en el constitucionalismo
Authors: Guadarrama González Pablo , Martínez Dalmau Rubén
Published: December 2023

El trabajo analiza determinadas cosmologías de los pueblos originarios sobre la Naturaleza como referentes significativos del constitucionalismo contemporáneo. Se planteó el problema acerca de cómo algunas decisiones normativas recientes, en particular Constituciones, han tomado en consideración dichas cosmologías y se introducen así en el enfoque ecocéntrico. Para alcanzar el propósito general de la investigación se analizaron algunos mitos de tales pueblos, así como estudios de Constituciones, leyes y sentencias constitucionales en las que puede apreciarse esa influencia. En sus resultados se destaca que estas cosmologías han incidido en el constitucionalismo contemporáneo, al reconsiderar los peligros de la perspectiva antropocéntrica predominante en la civilización occidental. Se constata que, en los últimos años, ante los evidentes efectos del cambio climático, se han revalorizado los criterios sobre dichas cosmologías y se ha incrementado el interés por conocer mejor sus propuestas ecocéntricas.
International anti-corruption concepts and their implementation in Ukraine
Authors: Sobko Ganna , Shchyrska Viktoriia , Volodina Oksana , Kurman Oleksandr , Semenohov Viacheslav
Published: December 2023

The relevance of the research is that Ukraine needs eliminating corruption. A large number of measures have already been implemented; however, Ukraine still lags behind other countries concerning corruption indicators. The corruption does not depend on the political or economic regime. This phenomenon can be found in almost any country since the corruption is a general aspect of the exercise of state authority in the form of specific actions of civil servants. Having analyzed corruption in the civil service of Ukraine, it seems necessary to pay attention to the foreign experience in anti-corruption activities. This circumstance is attributed to many reasons. One of the reasons for applying foreign experience is that developed countries have a more advanced system of civil service. Therefore, the article is focused on the analysis of statistical indicators on corruption in different countries. The aim of the study is to analyze the specifics of tackling corruption in various countries. As a result, the dynamics of corruption in Ukraine are studied. In particular, the creation of specialized anti-corruption bodies and their effectiveness are analyzed. Finally, measures have been developed that would have a positive impact on the effective fight against corruption.
Proteger a quien migra: la aplicación de la Carta Andina para la promoción y la protección de derechos humanos en caso de migración
Authors: Palomares García Jorge Ricardo , Sánchez Hernández Hugo Alejandro , Cárdenas Sierra Carlos Alberto , Peñas Felizzola Aura Helena , Echeverry Botero David Augusto
Published: December 2023

La protección de derechos humanos requiere de lecturas armonizadoras, es decir, que integren mandatos internacionales (universales y regionales), que eliminen la situación de vulnerabilidad a la que se encuentren sometidas las personas que, por razones de búsqueda de empleo, de desplazamiento forzado o de guerra, buscan nuevas y mejores oportunidades de vida. En el derecho colombiano, la protección integrada se da mediante la distinción de tipos de migración y el reconocimiento de los derechos derivados de las relaciones laborales. El artículo explora cómo el ordenamiento de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones contempla un conjunto de derechos a favor de los migrantes y la forma en que el Estado colombiano los materializa a través de sus normas y jurisprudencia. Para ello, se acude a un estudio de dogmática jurídica y de análisis jurisprudencial, que evidencia los distintos tipos de migración que pueden darse en Colombia y los derechos que les son reconocidos.
El traslado por protección Un eufemismo para neutralizar a los repulsivos y peligrosos
Authors: Gomez Jaramillo Alejandro , Tinoco Gomez Pamela
Published: December 2023

El traslado por protección se ha convertido en una figura debatida en el sistema jurídico colombiano, ya que se crea con la finalidad de salvaguardar la seguridad y el bienestar de las personas en situaciones de riesgo, pero en la practica ha sido empleada como un eufemismo para encubrir conductas abusivas por parte de las autoridades. El artículo 155 del Código de Policía colombiano regula este procedimiento, sobre el cual hay múltiples pronunciamientos por parte de la Corte Constitucional. Funge así, como un dispositivo que alienta y encubre una medida que, pese a los fines declarados, vulnera los derechos de ciertos grupos estigmatizados y excluidos. Ya sea por su apariencia fea o repugnante según la percepción de otros, conforme a la cual son distinguidos como vagos y necesitados (los repulsivos), o por representar posibles delincuentes, afines a la transgresión, la inconformidad y el disturbio (los peligrosos).
Corte Constitucional de Colombia: Tres décadas de un juez constitucional en constante diálogo judicial transnacional
Authors: Vivas Barrera Tania Giovanna
Published: December 2023

El empleo del derecho comparado no fue antes de 1991 un recurso muy usado por el juez constitucional colombiano. Fue a partir de la reforma constitucional del 91 que el juez constitucional tendió puentes de diálogo usando la referencia a decisiones judiciales de tribunales homólogos para imprimirle fuerza al argumento, permitiendo enmarcar su decisión dentro de lo que se ha denominado como constitucionalismo global y definirse como un juez en franco diálogo internacional. Esta apertura jurídica, no sin contradictores, ha hecho de las tres décadas de la Corte Constitucional, el período que pasará a la historia como la época en la que el juez colombiano más ha apelado al derecho comparado para respaldar sus decisiones caseras. ¿Qué tan bien lo ha hecho? La respuesta a esta pregunta iluminará el contenido de este artículo.
La Naturaleza como sujeto de derechos en el constitucionalismo democrático
Authors: Guio Barreto Valentina , Moreno González Laura Victoria
Published: December 2023

El presente libro es un recopilado de artículos que abordan el tema de demostrar que actualmente el mundo se encuentra frente a una crisis en la civilización, como consecuencia del enfrentamiento del modelo de organización estatal impuesto desde hace décadas y el nuevo paradigma del Buen vivir que busca dejar a un lado ese modelo capitalista saliendo del statu quo, para  propender a una visión biocéntrica y así, a través de un constitucionalismo democrático proteger la Naturaleza desde un sentido plurinacional e intercultural además de  los derechos inherentes y una paz territorial.
La judicialización de la lucha social en Ecuador: caso Movimiento Guevarista Tierra y Libertad
Authors: Sierra Freire Bárbara Natalia
Published: December 2023

Este artículo analiza los procesos de judicialización de la política en el Ecuador. Para tal propósito, se acoge la perspectiva de la sociología jurídica crítica, fundada en la comprensión histórico-social del derecho moderno y en la crítica radical de la legalidad establecida, a través de los conceptos de legalidad subalterna y emancipación del derecho. Con este marco teórico, mediante un análisis cualitativo del proceso judicial llevado por el Estado en contra del Movimiento Guevarista Tierra y Libertad, se describe y caracteriza el procedimiento jurídico penal que el poder político, a través de la Fiscalía General, usa para judicializar la lucha social y la disidencia política e ideológica. Como resultado, se establecieron tres tipos de recursos jurídico-políticos usados en este procedimiento: la construcción de un falso positivo judicial, la construcción del enemigo interno y la criminalización del militante político degradado a delincuente común. Así también,se determinó que este tipo de procedimientos judiciales se hallan cargados de vicios y nulidades, derivados de las interferencias de intereses extrajudiciales ligados al control y persecución de las disidencias políticas e ideológicas.
Constitucionalismo intersistémico, Constitución y derechos fundamentales: entre teoría constitucional y sociología jurídica
Authors: Schwartz Germano , Severo Rocha Leonel , Carvalho Costa Bernardo Leandro
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo tiene como objetivos presentar las bases teóricas y prácticas del Constitucionalismo Intersistémico. Para ello, se realiza un recorrido por la teoría constitucional, demostrando la evolución de la concepción de Constitución en sus dos fases. En este tema, se señalan decisiones relevantes de la jurisdicción constitucional de Alemania, Brasil y Francia para dilucidar dicha evolución. Además, en este mismo apartado se destacan las insuficiencias de la teoría constitucional para observar nuevos problemas jurídico-constitucionales, elevados al nivel de la sociedad mundial. En este punto, se seleccionan casos que involucran a distintos países latinoamericanos, en especial a Brasil, pero cuya repercusión fue global. Una vez identificado este problema, se presentan elementos de la sociología jurídica aptos para resolver la problemática mencionada, destacando entre estos la vinculación heterárquica de las organizaciones con los derechos fundamentales y la gobernanza. Como hipótesis, en las conclusiones se sostiene la imprescindibilidad de una racionalidad constitucional intersistémica, que reúna elementos de la teoría constitucional y de la sociología jurídica para enfrentar los desafíos actuales del derecho constitucional. La metodología aplicada es sistémica, utiliza la técnica de investigación de documentación indirecta, con revisión de bibliografía nacional y extranjera.
El relativismo jurídico. Toma de decisiones por el operador judicial: entre verdad y justicia
Authors: Páez Ramírez Daniel Felipe , Domínguez Mosquera Héctor Antonio , Saavedra Calambás María Claudia
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo se centra en determinar si los jueces, en la etapa interpretativa, recurren al enfoque del relativismo jurídico tanto en un proceso judicial como en la interpretación de los diferentes medios de la prueba. Asimismo, examina la forma como el juez valora elementos materiales probatorios, tales como la prueba documental, la prueba testimonial y la prueba pericial en una investigación, de conformidad con la óptica de razonamiento del administrador de justicia, cuya finalidad es producir un resultado final, que será una decisión judicial. Con una metodología de naturaleza cualitativa —revisión documental y análisis de textos en bases bibliográficas de Scopus—, se concluye que el operador de justicia, cuando profiere una sentencia en un proceso judicial, lo hace con base en los presupuestos que en término medio se encuentran ajustados al relativismo jurídico, epistemológico y moral, dado que una decisión judicial necesariamente integra de manera estructural estos supuestos gnoseológicos.
Crowdsourcing image segmentation for deep learning: integrated platform for citizen science, paid microtask, and gamification
Authors: Spicher Nicolai , Wesemeyer Tim , Deserno Thomas M.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Segmentation is crucial in medical imaging. Deep learning based on convolutional neural networks showed promising results. However, the absence of large-scale datasets and a high degree of inter- and intra-observer variations pose a bottleneck. Crowdsourcing might be an alternative, as many non-experts provide references. We aim to compare different types of crowdsourcing for medical image segmentation.

Methods

We develop a crowdsourcing platform that integrates citizen science (incentive: participating in the research), paid microtask (incentive: financial reward), and gamification (incentive: entertainment). For evaluation, we choose the use case of sclera segmentation in fundus images as a proof-of-concept and analyze the accuracy of crowdsourced masks and the generalization of learning models trained with crowdsourced masks.

Results

The developed platform is suited for the different types of crowdsourcing and offers an easy and intuitive way to implement crowdsourcing studies. Regarding the proof-of-concept study, citizen science, paid microtask, and gamification yield a median F-score of 82.2, 69.4, and 69.3 % compared to expert-labeled ground truth, respectively. Generating consensus masks improves the gamification masks (78.3 %). Despite the small training data (50 images), deep learning reaches median F-scores of 80.0, 73.5, and 76.5 % for citizen science, paid microtask, and gamification, respectively, indicating sufficient generalizability.

Conclusions

As the platform has proven useful, we aim to make it available as open-source software for other researchers.
Discrete complementary exponential and sine integral functions
Authors: Assaf Samer , Cuchta Tom
Published: December 2023

Discrete analogues of the sine integral and complementary exponential integral functions are investigated. Hypergeometric representation, power series, and Laplace transforms are derived for each. The difficulties in extending these definitions to other common trigonometric integral functions are discussed.
Application of a diagnosis flow draft based on appearance impression for detection of vulvar disease
Authors: Zhou Qi , Chen Fang , Wang Yan , Qu Wenjie , Gong Yingxin , Cao Yuankui , Zhang Hongwei , Wang Qing , Chen Limei , Cong Qing , Lin Lin , Mo Jiayin , Bi Tianyi , Ding Jingxin , Sui Long , Li Yanyun
Published: December 2023

Objectives

The aims of this retrospective study were to evaluate the clinical applicability of the latest International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD) and International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy (IFCPC) terminology for vulvar diseases, and to explore a new evaluation flow to optimize decision-making on diagnosis.

Methods

A total of 1,068 patients with 5,340 qualified vulvar images were evaluated by observers using 2011 ISSVD and 2011 IFCPC terminology systems. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Youden Index and Overall Diagnostic Value (ODV) were calculated for each finding in the two systems. Then the disease diagnosis order and a diagnosis flow draft (DFD) were obtained.

Results

A total of 15 kinds of vulvar diseases were diagnosed. The proportion of patients accompanied with cervical or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia was highest (83.3 %) in vulvar Paget’s disease group (p<0.001). Total area of lesions was larger in vulvar Paget’s disease, lichen simplex chronicus and lichen sclerosus group (p<0.001). Among the top five findings of ODV, some findings inferred several (≥6) kinds of diseases, while some findings only exist in a certain disease. When the DFD was used, the agreement between the initial impression and histopathology diagnosis was 68.8 %, higher than those when ISSVD an IFCPC terminology systems used (p=0.028), and it didn’t change with the experience of the observer (p=0.178).

Conclusions

Based on the findings in ISSVD and IFCPC terminology systems, we explored a DFD for observers with different experience on the detection of vulvar disease.
Towards a Model for Sociocultural Transformation: Anthropocentric Approaches to Resilience, Collapse, and Resistance
Authors: Winter Matthew A.
Published: December 2023

When studying ancient societies, it is inevitable that eventually the theme of social collapse will arise. Archaeology has long been concerned with the theme of resilience, collapse, and resistance, triggered by either external factors such as conquest and natural disasters, or from internal factors such as environmental mismanagement, political or economic calamity, or sociocultural revolutions. Most approaches to the themes of resilience, collapse, and resistance have primarily relied on socioecological models that results in binarized explications of the archaeological record, framing evidence in competing terms of collapse and resilience: either societies endured collapse through a series of choices that resulted in either failure or success on the one hand or that societies overcame problems and exhibited resilience by adapting to new pressures or moving to new environments on the other hand. This paper seeks to explore concepts of resilience, collapse, and resistance through an anthropocentric rather than ecocentric perspective, touching on the theories used to construct the ideas of collapse, resilience, and resistance, with a particular focus on sociocultural aspects. Finally, this paper suggests a model which centers on the notion of sociocultural transformation, enculturation and hybridity placed into direct dialogue with resilience, collapse, and resistance.
Effect of polypropylene fiber and nano-silica on the compressive strength and frost resistance of recycled brick aggregate concrete
Authors: Gong Shangwei , Wang Ting , Hasan Md Mahmudul , Mei Xuefeng , Tan Zhenyu , Su Tian , Cao Fubo
Published: December 2023

Abstracts

Wasted clay bricks as coarse aggregate of recycled concrete is an effective solution to save energy and reduce CO2 emissions in the construction industry. However, the mechanical properties and frost resistance of recycled brick aggregate (RBA) concrete are inferior to those of ordinary concrete, which limits its widespread application. In this research, the effects of RBA, polypropylene fiber (PPF) and nano-silica (NS) on the mechanical properties and frost resistance of concrete were investigated. The effect of RBA, PPF, and NS on the compressive strength was quantitatively analyzed, and microstructural analysis and fractal dimension calculation of the concrete were performed. The results show that the concrete compressive strength decreased with the increase in RBA replacement rate, and it was effectively improved by adding PPF and NS (PPF-NS). The compressive strength first increased and then decreased with the increase in PPF and NS. The improvement effect of 0.12% PPF and 2% NS on the compressive strength of 50% replacement rate of RBA concrete was most effective. The gray relational degrees between the compressive strength and RBA, PPF, and NS were 0.6578, 0.8297, and 0.5941, respectively. The frost resistance of PPF-NS modified concrete was better than that of ordinary concrete, mainly manifested in its superior apparent phenomena, mass loss, and strength loss. Compared with normal concrete, the microstructure was denser and the fractal dimension of the cross-section was higher for RBA concrete modified with PPF-NS before and after freeze–thaw cycles.
Typical Yet Unlikely and Normally Abnormal: The Intuition Behind High-Dimensional Statistics
Authors: Vowels Matthew J.
Published: December 2023

Normality, in the colloquial sense, has historically been considered an aspirational trait, synonymous with ideality. The arithmetic average and, by extension, statistics including linear regression coefficients, have often been used to characterize normality, and are often used as a way to summarize samples and identify outliers. We provide intuition behind the behavior of such statistics in high dimensions, and demonstrate that even for datasets with a relatively low number of dimensions, data start to exhibit a number of peculiarities which become severe as the number of dimensions increases. Whilst our main goal is to familiarize researchers with these peculiarities, we also show that normality can be better characterized with ‘typicality’, an information theoretic concept relating to entropy. An application of typicality to both synthetic and real-world data concerning political values reveals that in multi-dimensional space, to be ‘normal’ is actually to be atypical. We briefly explore the ramifications for outlier detection, demonstrating how typicality, in contrast with the popular Mahalanobis distance, represents a viable method for outlier detection.
FONKSİYONEL ET ÜRÜNLERİNİN ÜRETİMİNDE PROBİYOTİK, PREBİYOTİK VE SİNBİYOTİK KULLANIMINA YÖNELİK YENİ EĞİLİMLER
Authors: NURİLER Tuba , UYARCAN Müge
Published: December 2023

Günümüzde tüketicilerin sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıklarını benimsemek ve sürdürmek konusundaki farkındalıklarının artması gıda endüstrisi ve bilim insanlarını fonksiyonel yeni ürünlerin geliştirilmesine odaklamıştır. Değişen tüketici talebi, sağlığı teşvik eden bileşikleri en üst düzeye çıkarma ve tüketicinin sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkilere neden olabilecek bileşenlerin varlığını azaltma stratejilerine odaklanan fonksiyonel et ürünleri geliştirmeye yönelik çalışmalara ivme kazandırmıştır. Bu bağlamda güncel literatürde fonksiyonel et ürünlerinin geliştirilmesinde yeni nesil probiyotikler, prebiyotikler ve sinbiyotiklerin kullanımına yönelik bilimsel çalışmalar dikkat çekmektedir. Et ürünleri formulasyonuna ilave edilen bu ajanların bağırsakta azotlu bileşiklerin oluşumunu azaltması ve bağırsak mikroflorasının işlevselliğini arttırması yönleriyle önemli bir potansiyel oluşturduğu bildirilmektedir. Bu derlemede fonksiyonel et ürünleri üretiminde probiyotik, prebiyotik ve sinbiyotiklerin kullanımına yönelik yeni yaklaşımlar irdelenmiştir.
Computed tomography reconstruction and morphometric analysis of the humerus and femur in New Zealand rabbits
Authors: Selcuk Muhammet Lutfi
Published: December 2023

Aim: This study was carried out to create three-dimensional (3D) models of the humerus and femur using computed tomography (CT) images of the New Zealand rabbit and to reveal whether there are differences between sexes and the right and left sides. Materials and Methods: The study was applied on 14 month old (10 male and 10 female) New Zealand rabbits. First, 0.5 mm thick images of the animals were taken by computed tomography (CT) and saved in DICOM format. Then, 3D models of the humerus and femur were obtained by reconstructing the images with the MIMICS 20.1 program. Morphometric data were obtained from the obtained 3D model. After this procedure, the rabbits were dissected and the weights of the humerus and femur were measured. Results: It was determined that the right humerus and femur volume and surface area in male rabbits were larger from the left side (p<0.05). There was no difference between the other morphometric values examined and rabbit bones did not show homotypic variation. In addition, it was thought that the humerus and femur bones could not be used to determine gender because the differences between the sexes were insignificant. Conclusion: It was thought that this study would provide the basis for studies and experimental models on rabbits by revealing the morphological features of the humerus and femur and would help the physician in the diagnosis of diseases by forming the basis of the data obtained with the imaging systems used in the clinical field.
Progressive retinal atrophy in Turkish Shepherd Dog; A case report
Authors: Arican Mustafa , Uzunlu Elgin Orcum , Tanirli Yasemin , Caltiner Halil , Satici İremsu
Published: December 2023

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is described as an inherited degenerative disease of the retina that is common in dogs. The case was a 9-year-old female Turkish shepherd dog. It was presented to the Small Animal Hospital with complaints of polyuria and stranguria. After examination, the diagnosis was acute hepatitis. Medical treatment (ursofalk, milk thistle, prednisolone and N acetyl cystein) was given. The case lost vision after three days of treatment. The ophthalmological examinations were performed as included slit lamp, Schirmer's tear test, applanation tonometry, fluorescein staining and ultrasound. Ophthalmoscopic and fundoscopic examinations revealed hyperreflectivity and colour change in the tapetal region, marked attenuation of retinal vessels, depigmentation in the non-tapetal region, and optic disc atrophy with scalloped borders. Fundoscopic examination revealed retinal degeneration in both eyes. The aim of this case report is to diagnose PRA in Turkish shepherd dogs, to highlight its significance and to share the results with clinicians.
MURABAHADA HUKUKİ İLİŞKİLER
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Tuğba
Published: December 2023

Katılım bankalarının, İslami kurallar çerçevesinde müşterilerine sağladığı ürünlerinden biri murabahadır. Murabaha, bir malın maliyetinin müşteriye bildirilmesi suretiyle maliyetin üzerine kâr eklenerek peşin ya da vadeli olarak satılmasıdır. Murabaha işleminde, faiz söz konusu olmaksızın, satış sözleşmelerine kredi fonksiyonu kazandırılarak müşterinin finansı sağlanmaktadır. Murabaha işlemi üç taraflıdır. Bunlardan ilki murabaha işlemi ile müşterisine finansmanı sağlayacak kredi kuruluşu olan katılım bankası, ikincisi katılım bankasının müşterisi, üçüncüsü ise talep edilen malın satın alınacağı satıcıdır.

Murabaha işlemi süreci içerisinde bazı sözleşmeler söz konusudur. Bunlar; kredi sözleşmesi, satış vaadi sözleşmesi, satış sözleşmeleri, duruma göre vekâlet sözleşmesi, ikale sözleşmesi ve sigorta sözleşmesidir. Süreç müşterinin katılım bankasından finansman talebinde bulunması ile başlamaktadır. Çalışmada bu hukuki süreç içerisindeki hukuki ilişkiler ele alınacaktır.
Jane Eyre y Antoinette Cosway: Emancipación femenina y transculturación de identidades
Authors: Montero Barra Greta
Published: December 2023

Nos proponemos realizar un estudio comparado de Jane Eyre y Ancho mar de los sargazos, escritas ambas por mujeres, pero de contextos y épocas diferentes. Postulamos que Jane Eyre, como personaje, representa la búsqueda de la mujer para legitimarse dentro de los espacios de la cultura hegemónica, colonial y blanca, en los términos que le impone su época en la Inglaterra victoriana. Mientras que Antoinette Cosway, protagonista de Ancho mar de los sargazos, problematiza, además de la condición de sujeto femenino “otro”, la condición de sujeto oprimido por el imperialismo inglés y la razón colonial.
«Je ne suis pas devenue plus sage!» Autoficción y Bildungsroman en La chanson du carillon, de Camille Lemonnier
Authors: S. García Noelia
Published: December 2023

El artículo se centra en el análisis de La chanson du carillon, de Camille Lemonnier con el objetivo de ofrecer una relectura desde la perspectiva de género. En este sentido, se entiende la novela como un Bildungsroman que se presenta bajo los rasgos formales de una autoficción protagonizada por una joven artista. En primer lugar, se analizará la forma que adquiere el texto a partir de los estudios de Lejeune, Alberca o Casas. Posteriormente se abordará su estudio a partir del género del Bildungsroman o novela de aprendizaje, al tiempo que se analizan los espacios que transita, pues influyen de manera determinante en su aprendizaje, tomando como referencia los trabajos de Campbell, Bachelard, Bobes Naves o Ciplijauskaité, entre otros.
La sátira como heterotopía: un estudio comparado
Authors: Rodríguez Santos José María
Published: December 2023

El humor es una herramienta retórica de gran eficacia para la crítica en general, y para la crítica política en particular. Entre las múltiples formas humorísticas que se pueden encontrar, la sátira política representa un discurso antisistema, una heterotopía en términos de Michel Foucault, es decir, un espacio discursivo, cultural e institucional alternativo que se presenta como perturbador, intenso, contradictorio y transformador. En este trabajo, se trata de definir la sátira política a partir del concepto de heterotopía y caracterizarla según los presupuestos teóricos y de las evidencias prácticas observables en los principales representantes de esta tendencia crítica en los medios de comunicación nacionales e internacionales.
De humor negro y crítica política
Authors: Narro Asensio Marcos
Published: December 2023

Aunque la prensa madrileña elogiara la entereza del rey Alfonso XIII y respaldara su imagen tras el atentado sufrido el día de su boda, no todas las publicaciones mostraron esta visión del acontecimiento. Con motivo del enlace, desde la prensa satírica catalana se lanzaron incisivas críticas contra el gobierno central, y es que tan solo habían pasado seis meses desde los ataques perpetrados por militares contra la redacción del ¡Cu-cut! y La Veu de Catalunya, y en ese mismo año se había aprobado la Ley de Jurisdicciones. Muchas de las bromas recurrieron al absurdo y a situaciones disparatadas para trasladar sus críticas de una forma velada, aunque, por el contrario, otras llegaron incluso a parodiar el atentado sufrido por los reyes.
«Sí soy». Autoetnografía del meme en España
Authors: Río Castañeda Laro del , Benito Temprano Claudia S.
Published: December 2023

Pese a ser un término de empleo común, en la actualidad la palaba «meme» puede hacer referencia a una gran variedad de cosas. Nacida como un vocablo técnico, en los últimos años ha sufrido una amplia diversificación en sus usos lingüísticos. Este artículo pretende describir, desde una perspectiva personal, cómo ha cambiado y se ha desarrollado el concepto «meme» dentro del marco cultural español. Nuestro objetivo no es tanto hacer una topografía exhaustiva, sino describir uno de los múltiples caminos de la palabra, basándonos en la relación subjetiva que hemos mantenido con ella a lo largo de nuestra vida.
Propuesta de intervención mediante musicoterapia para el desarrollo de habilidades lingüísticas y sociales en población de 3 a 7 años con diagnósticos del Trastorno del Espectro Autista en República Dominicana
Authors: Ángeles Manuel Natividad Natalia
Published: December 2023

En los últimos años se ha planteado los beneficios e influencia que aporta la musicoterapia para abordar e intervenir en las alteraciones nucleares del Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA). Debido a la carencia de estudios de este ámbito en República Dominicana, el siguiente trabajo presenta una propuesta de intervención basada en musicoterapia para niños/as con TEA con alteraciones en habilidades lingüísticas y sociales. Se basa en 11 sesiones individuales de 45 minutos semanales, guiadas por un musicoterapeuta certificado. Con esta se espera una mejoría en relación con la intención y capacidad lingüística, y desarrollo de habilidades sociales de los participantes, aportando información empírica acerca de la eficacia y ventajas que aporta la musicoterapia para abordar las alteraciones en los dominios mencionados previamente, y así colaborar en este campo para una óptima intervención multidisciplinar en el país seleccionado.
Model generation and comparative analysis of legal knowledge bases
Authors: Paliulionienė Laima
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the possibilities of computerized comparative legal analysis. Legal do­cuments are formalized using frame logic (F-logic) and are stored in knowledge bases. Their dif­ference is defined as the difference between conclusions made from possible cases. This article presents an elaborated rule of knowledge base model generation designed for F-logic expressions.
Prediction of Skin Diseases using Convolutional Neural Networks as an Effort to Prevent Their Spread in Islamic Boarding School Environments
Authors: Agustin Ilham Rizky , Putra Muhammad Bayu Nurdiansyah
Published: December 2023

Skin disease is a common health problem in Islamic boarding school environments. This disease can spread quickly among students due to close contact and sharing the same facilities. Preventing the spread of skin diseases is a top priority in efforts to maintain the health and welfare of students in Islamic boarding schools. In this research, we propose the use of machine learning techniques to predict skin diseases in Islamic boarding school students. The main goal of this research is to develop a predictive model that can help identify skin diseases quickly and accurately. It is hoped that this will enable the prevention of the spread of skin diseases in the Islamic boarding school environment. The method used in this research involves the following steps: skin disease image data collection, data processing and cleaning, feature extraction from patient data, and machine learning model training and evaluation. We will use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) machine learning algorithm to build a predictive model. The dataset used in this research consists of images of melanoma, acne and acne skin diseases. In addition, validation will be carried out using data that has never been seen before to test the performance of the predictive model. It is hoped that the results of this research can make a significant contribution in preventing the spread of skin diseases in the Islamic boarding school environment. With accurate predictive models, health workers in Islamic boarding schools can take appropriate preventive measures to control skin diseases effectively. Apart from that, this research can also be a basis for developing a health information system that supports preventive measures for skin diseases in Islamic boarding schools more widely.
TAEKWONDO POSE ESTIMATION WITH DEEP LEARNING ARCHITECTURES ON ONE-DIMENSIONAL AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL DATA
Authors: Nguyen Dat Tien , Ha Chau Ngoc , Hoang Ha Thanh Thi , Nguyen Truong Nhat , Huynh Tuyet Ngoc , Nguyen Hai Thanh
Published: December 2023

Practicing sports is an activity that helps people maintain and improve their health, enhance memory and concentration, reduce anxiety and stress, and train teamwork and leadership ability. With the development of science and technology, artificial intelligence in sports has become increasingly popular with the public and brings many benefits. In particular, many applications help people track and evaluate athletes' achievements in competitions. This study extracts images from Taekwondo videos and generates skeleton data from frames using the Fast Forward Moving Picture Experts Group (FFMPEG) technique using MoveNet. After that, we use deep learning architectures such as Long Short-Term Memory Networks, Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory, and Long-term Recurrent Convolutional Networks to perform the poses classification tasks in Taegeuk in Jang lessons. This work presents two approaches. The first approach uses a sequence skeleton extracted from the image by Movenet. Second, we use sequence images to train using video classification architecture. Finally, we recognize poses in sports lessons using skeleton data to remove noise in the image, such as background and extraneous objects behind the exerciser. As a result, our proposed method has achieved promising performance in pose classification tasks in an introductory Taekwondo lesson.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR SIMULATION OF RAILCARS ROLLING FROM SORTING HUMPS
Authors: KOZACHENKO D. , GREVTSOV S. , KLYGA O.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to carry out a historical analysis of the development of methods for simulation of railcars rolling from sorting humps and to determine directions for their improvement in order to solve the problems facing the railway transport of Ukraine today. Methodology. The research was carried out on the basis of the processing of literary sources of the library of the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technology, as well as scientometric databases Scopus and Google Scholar. Findings. The origin of the methods for simulation of railcars rolling from sorting humps took place at the beginning of the 20th century, when they were separated from the methods of traction calculations. Until the middle of the 20th century, the simulation of the railcars rolling was carried out in order to solve the problems of designing sorting humps. This period is characterized by the simulation of the rolling of individual curs under known conditions. The complication of the simulation methods of the sorting humps operation is connected with the tasks of automating the control of the trains breaking-up. For this purpose, the tasks of establishing the laws and parameters of the distribution of random resistance values acting on the cuts, taking into account changes in the longitudinal profile of the track under the cuts, modeling the operation of brake retarders and their control systems, etc., were solved. Originality. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that, on the basis of a historical analysis of the development of methods for simulation of railcars rolling from sorting humps, the connections between the working conditions of railway transport and the methods of modeling rolling processes are established. Practical value. The practical value of the results lies in the fact that they indicate the need to develop methods development of methods for simulation of railcars rolling from sorting humps in conditions of inaccurate information about their running characteristics and rolling conditions. This will make it possible to increase the efficiency of the sorting humps operation without significant capital investments in their control systems.