bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confronting Functional Complexity Failures: The Case of a Runway Excursion in Munich
Authors: Mauro Robert , Sherry Lance
Published: November 2019

Complex systems often produce unanticipated emergent behavior as a result of the interactions between behaviorally complex sub-systems or agents. The sub-systems may be human or artificial. They may be co-located or geographically distributed and operate autonomously. Although the individual sub-systems may be tested and certified for high levels of reliability (e.g. 10-7), interactions between the sub-systems may occur so that emergent behaviors allow the system to migrate into an unsafe operating region. This may occur even when all of the sub-systems are behaving nominally and no equipment has failed. This phenomenon is called a “functional complexity failure.” In this paper, we present an analysis of a functional complexity failure that resulted in a runway excursion and discuss the options for detecting and mitigating the conditions for these “normal accidents” before the accident occurs.
Usability Testing of a Virtual Reality Tutorial
Authors: Fussell Stephanie G. , Derby Jessyca L. , Smith Joshua K. , Shelstad William J. , Benedict Jacob D. , Chaparro Barbara S. , Thomas Robert , Dattel Andrew R.
Published: November 2019

Immersive simulation technology has transformed the training and learning environment. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) devices have been adopted by medical professionals, military forces, and marketing firms. Aviation training facilities are also integrating VR and AR technology into a variety of training. To ensure students begin training on equal footing, an engaging, guided tutorial for the virtual environment (VE) was created. A usability study was conducted to evaluate the tutorial’s learnability, effectiveness, and satisfaction for two user groups varying in VR experience. Results show users found the tutorial enjoyable with high usability and playability. Novice users reported the tutorial as more mentally effortful than expert users and were less comfortable with self-maneuvering. Users successfully completed most tasks on the first attempt after completing the tutorial. Those who noted difficulty in completing tasks in a post-assessment reported user error and corrected themselves without instruction. The tutorial demonstrated learnability, effectiveness, and satisfaction ensuring that users will be able to enter the VE with more confidence after engaging with the tutorial.
Spatial Audio Cueing Aids Pilot Navigation during Simulated Helicopter Flight in Degraded Visual Environments
Authors: Milam Lana , Akins Ellis , Williams Henry , Simpson Brian , Jones Heath G.
Published: November 2019

Aviation mishaps resulting from degraded visual environments (DVEs) represent a significant loss in military personnel and aircraft every year. DVEs can be caused by any type of environmental condition (e.g., sand, snow, fog) that obstructs the pilot’s vision, and can cause spatial disorientation. The current study was a tri-service effort exploring the implementation of spatial audio cueing to aid pilot navigation in DVEs. Directional cueing (i.e., indicating the location of target waypoints) was achieved by spatializing an auditory stimulus. Pilots performed multiple flight maneuvers in a full-motion UH-60 Black Hawk flight simulator at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. Performance was assessed by measures of error, completion time, and failure rate. Findings from this study provide information on sensory cueing display design for helicopter flight in DVEs.
Standards in practice: All things considered
Authors: Chin John , Blanchard Harry , Benincasa Seve , Kremer Jennifer Trich , Parker Michael
Published: November 2019

Both public institutions and private enterprises are motivated to follow standards in order to comply with government regulations, establish market and brand identity, and streamline processes to create modular and scalable solutions. Standards offer several key benefits from a consistent user experience, including: reduced training, fewer errors, greater usability, increasing user satisfaction, and minimizing costs.

This panel covers a wide range of topics spanning different industries reflecting the diversity of organizational approaches and challenges faced by practitioners embedded in development programs. Presenters will share their methodologies as well as lessons learned from their current and past experiences.
Theories of Vigilance and the Prospect of Cognitive Restoration
Authors: Flanagan Jace , Nathan-Roberts Dan
Published: November 2019

Effectively mitigating the vigilance decrement (the decrease in performance on tasks requiring sustained attention over time) is one of the most important human factors problems studied today. Despite this, the underlying theory of vigilance and its failings are still disputed. The two primary theories espoused by researchers today are a cognitive resource theory of vigilance and a mindlessness theory of vigilance. This literature review examines the literature investigating points of conflict between these theories, revealing that the majority of experimental research supports a cognitive resource theory of vigilance. Additionally, we examine research investigating the effect of active rest breaks on cognitive and affective restoration. The literature available on cognitive restoration does not support the suggestion that active rest breaks help restore vigilance-relevant cognitive resources more effectively than passive rest breaks. The research does however, support the proposition that more active rest breaks can reduce stress and increase affect. The potential for increasing worker well-being with more active breaks warrants additional research.
Understanding Prosthetic Abandonment
Authors: Espinosa Monica , Nathan-Roberts Dan
Published: November 2019

Prosthetics can offer endless benefits to people with limb amputations, yet their abandonment is high. Although technology has improved these tools in outstanding ways, their lack of simplicity prevents the user from acquiring a natural, fluent experience, which, in turn, has led to their rejection. In this review, we will explore the main reasons why people with upper limb amputations decrease their use or stop using their myoelectric prosthesis permanently while performing their daily activities.
Children’s Safety Workshop: A Demonstration of Human Factors Professionals’ Preparaton with Practicing Attorneys
Authors: Borzendowski Stephanie , Vredenburgh Michael , Darlson Catherine , Hersh Michael , Vredenburgh Alison , Zackowitz Ilene
Published: November 2019

This special joint session with shared interest from multiple technical groups (Forensics professional, Children’s issues, and Safety) presents an interactive demonstration of human factors preparation with “client” attorneys. Actual attorneys, exhibits and experts from a matter that took place in South Florida will work with the audience to “prepare” the case and give example cross-examination testimony. The attorneys and experts will then form a panel to respond to audience questions.
Examining Training Comprehension and External Cognition in Evaluations of Uncertainty Visualizations to Support Decision Making
Authors: Song Jihye , Newton Olivia B. , Fiore Stephen M. , Pittman Corey , LaViola Joseph J.
Published: November 2019

Recent advances in uncertainty visualization research have focused not only on design features to support decision making, but also on challenges of evaluating the effectiveness of uncertainty visualizations, such as the degree to which individuals’ baseline task comprehension may alter their performance on experimental tasks regardless of a visualization’s effectiveness. Building on recent work, we investigated the effect of training comprehension on performance across varying representations of uncertainty and varying degrees of visualization interactivity using a simulated course of action selection task. Additionally, we explored how extended cognition theory can be applied to visualization evaluations by incorporating interface features that afford externalization of knowledge within the task environment. Our findings suggest that regardless of how uncertainty is represented, training comprehension leads to superior transfer, reduced workload, more accurate metacognitive judgments, and higher cognitive efficiency. Our findings also suggest that external cognition during decision making leads to improved accuracy and cognitive efficiency. The present study contributes to research on the design and evaluation of uncertainty visualizations. In addition, this study extends previous work by demonstrating how extended cognition theory can inform the design of human-machine interfaces to support decision making.
Analysis of Usage Characteristics of Premium Bus Passenger Using Video Observation Method
Authors: Kim Minjae , Jung Hayoung , Choi Younggeun , Jung Youngjae , Choi Hoimin , Kim Dohyun , Kim Munjin , You Heecheon
Published: November 2019

This study analyzes user behavior patterns to suggest the improvement direction of premium bus using video observation method. Premium bus offers a variety of convenience features compared to conventional buses, thus enhancing user comfort. However, there are customer needs for location improvement of provided convenience features. The optimal location of the premium bus convenience can be determined by analyzing the usage pattern based on the observation of passenger behavior. Action camera was installed on the front and rear side of the passenger. Tasks and preferences posture were taken during the bus ride for 3 hours. The subjective task frequency and usage frequency of convenience were evaluated through questionnaire evaluation for 30 minutes after boarding the bus. Ten participants (male: 5, female: 5) were recruited. Observation of user behavior showed that smartphone usage (36%) and sleeping (29%) were high when boarding a premium bus. In the subjective evaluation, the sleeping result (8.2) and the use of a smartphone (7.3) were high. In this study, the tasks performed by the premium bus passengers were identified, and the frequency of task usage was quantitatively and qualitatively identified.
Measurement of the Internal Shape of Power Grip in Wrist Ulnar/Radial Deviation
Authors: Jung Hayoung , Mun Sujin , Lee Wonsup , You Heecheon
Published: November 2019

The present study proposes a method for measurement of the internal shape of power grip using casting and 3D scanning method. Three handle design dimensions and twelve handle design related hand dimensions were defined by referring hand anthropometry studies. Thirty Korean participants with various hand length were recruited. Power grip hand shapes with different wrist postures (radial deviation 20°, ulnar deviation 30°, neutral 0°) were measured using casting material and 3D scanning system. Separately measured inner hand and outward hand shape were combined and edited during post-processing of hand scan data. Power grip inner shape was analyzed in terms of width, height, and circumference. The width of the internal power grip shape was largest at 28.9 mm in the radial deviation posture and smallest at 26.3 mm in the ulnar deviation posture. The height and circumference of the power grip were the largest in the neutral wrist position (36.9 mm, 81.8 mm) and decreased 2% to 7% and 1% to 3%, respectively, in the ulnar/radial deviation posture compared to a neutral posture. The analysis of the internal shape of the hand according to the wrist posture can be applied to the design of the handle used for wrist radial/ulnar deviation posture.
Simulator versus traditional training: A comparative study of night driving training
Authors: Sætren Gunhild Birgitte , Lindheim Catharina , Skogstad Martin Rasmussen , Andreas Pedersen Pål , Robertsen Rolf , Lødemel Ståle , Haukeberg Per Johan
Published: November 2019

In recent decades, simulators have become an increasingly accepted part of training in sectors like aviation, medicine, and the petroleum industry. Some countries like the Netherlands, the UK, and Finland have accepted simulators as a part of driver’s education, but in Norway the use of simulators is both limited and restricted. This experimental study aimed to determine whether simulator-based training in night driving could be beneficial compared to traditional Norwegian training. Two equal-sized groups of learner drivers completed both simulator training and traditional training, and both training sessions were followed by a multiple-choice test mapping the learner drivers’ theoretical knowledge on the topic. The results show that theoretical learning outcome is higher from simulator training compared to traditional training, indicating that an increased use of simulators could be beneficial in driver training.
Measuring The Time Course of Engineer Workload During Automation Mode Transitions
Authors: Liu Andrew M. , Brooks James D. , Subrahmaniyan Neeraja , Miller Bradford W. , Oman Charles M.
Published: November 2019

In current freight railroad operations, locomotive control is shared between the human engineer and automated energy management systems such as GE Trip Optimizer. Transitions between the manual and automatic modes temporarily increase engineer workload above the demands of the current operating situation. Using the average response time and average number of secondary visual attention task stimuli presented as proxy measures of workload, we tracked the time course of workload during the mode transitions for two types of automated control system. The average response times peaked immediately after the mode change. The average number of stimuli presented peaked just before the mode change. We conclude that this technique of measuring workload would be very useful in evaluating future automated systems concepts in a train simulator.
Falls From Shopping Carts Versus Household Products Among Young Children
Authors: Khan Farheen S. , Glazek Kuba J. , Todd J. Jay , Alper Samuel J.
Published: November 2019

Young children are exposed to various hazards both within and outside their home environments. Studies evaluating the causes of a high prevalence of injuries to young children have found childhood impulsiveness and curiosity, lack of general awareness, dependence on caregivers for safety, and lack of adequate supervision by adult caregivers among the reasons. Various studies of retail environments have documented the risk of injuries to young children from shopping carts. In 2017 alone, children 5 years old and younger accounted for approximately 19,000 injuries due to shopping carts requiring treatment in hospital emergency departments. The present study was undertaken to examine the prevalence of falls from shopping carts among children aged 0 to 5 years as compared to the prevalence of falls from common household products such as beds, couches, chairs, and so on. The results revealed that, of the 19,000 injuries associated with carts, over 12,000 were associated with falls from carts and that this proportion was comparable to those for common household products.
The Cognitive Process of Wildland Fire Chainsaw Troubleshooting: Structure, Content, and Training
Authors: Nauert Elliot , Gillan Doug
Published: November 2019

Wildland firefighting often involves the creation of a fireline (a break in vegetative fuels), an operation commonly hindered by the break-down of gas-powered chainsaws. Some firefighters may not possess the knowledge and skills needed to address break-downs quickly, which threatens productivity and safety. The Applied Cognitive Task Analysis method was used to examine the troubleshooting process of an expert wildland fire sawyer. This included elicitations of key steps in this process, specific pieces of valuable knowledge, and sources of expertise. These results show that much of the expert understanding of complex faults was developed on-the-job rather than during a formal training program. This study highlights areas where training and job aids may be improved to support wildland firefighters in chainsaw troubleshooting and provides preliminary support of ACTA as a tool for training specialists in this domain.
Cognitive Load and Situation Awareness for Soldiers: Using an Auditory Detection Response Task
Authors: Spivak Tzvi , Hollands Justin G. , Kramkowski Eric W.
Published: November 2019

We examined the cognitive load and situation awareness of tactical decision makers processing information with a battle management system. We presented information in visual and auditory form. To measure workload, we used an auditory detection response task (DRT). We found that DRT performance was worse with faster message presentation and with auditory presentation, indicating greater workload in those conditions. We also found that situation awareness was lower with faster presentation. However, we found that auditory presentation produced greater situation awareness than visual presentation. These results are partially consistent with results of a previous study (Hollands, Spivak, & Kramkowski, in press), but suggest that workload and situation awareness can sometimes diverge.
Blacking Out
Authors: Lahman Maria K. E.
Published: November 2019

The author employs blackout poetry to consider United States society, school, and assault rifles.
Lifestyle and Shiftwork: Designing and Testing a Model for Health Promotion of Iranian Nurses
Authors: Mokarami Hamidreza , Rahimi Pordanjani Tayebe , Mohammadzadeh Ebrahimi Ali , Kiani Fariba , Faridan Mohammad
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle is one factor that forms the nurses’ health, particularly those who work in shiftwork schedules. AIMS: The aim of this study was to design and test a model for health promotion of Iranian nurses. In this model, nurses’ lifestyle was considered as the precedent, physical and mental health as the outcomes, and sleep disturbance and chronic fatigue as the mediators. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using structural equation modeling was conducted among 240 shiftworker nurses in Iran. The data collection was performed using the Persian versions of the Survey of Shiftworkers Questionnaire and Life Style Questionnaire. Bootstrap in Preacher and Hayes’ Macro program was used for testing mediation. RESULTS: Lifestyle had a weak significant direct effect on physical (β = 0.13, p < .04) and mental health (β = 0.12, p < .02), and it had a significant indirect effect on physical health via chronic fatigue (β = −0.11, p < .001) and sleep disturbance (β = −0.05, p < .01). This variable only had a significant indirect effect on mental health via chronic fatigue (β = −0.19, p < .001). The final model proposed a new significant path between sleep disturbances and chronic fatigue (β = 0.22, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the hospital officials can enhance the nurses’ physical and mental well-being by providing interventions and training courses on aspects of healthy lifestyles, such as physical activity, avoidance of smoking, and maintenance of body weight.
Beach Users’ Perceptions of Coastal Regeneration Projects as An Adaptation Strategy in The Western Mediterranean
Authors: Sauer Inga , Roca Elisabet , Villares Míriam
Published: November 2019

Some coastal environments facing climate change risks are starting to be managed with nature-based solutions (NBS). Strategies based on the rehabilitation of green infrastructures in coastal municipalities, such as renaturalization of seafronts, are considered adaptive to the effects of climate change but may cause misconceptions that could lead to social conflicts between the tourist sector and the society. A survey was carried out to study user perceptions on the effects of climate change, preferences for adaptation strategies, and the assessment of projects of dune reconstruction. We find that while beach users recognize the benefits of NBS for environmental conservation and storm protection, they show little concern about possible effects of climate change on recreational activity and have limited understanding about the protective capacity of NBS. Thus, a greater effort must be made to better explain the effects of climate change and the potential benefits of NBS in coastal risk management.
Singing Your Way out of the Closet: Young Gay Men in the Operatic World
Authors: Gvion Liora
Published: November 2019

Little has been written about the reasons gay men choose opera as a venue for professional achievement and social acceptance. Espousing an ethnographic approach, the current article sets out to question their motives. Applying Bourdieu’s concepts of field, cultural capital and habitus, I suggest looking at the opera as a cultural setting, which provides young gay men with a venue for coming out of the closet and, should they be talented and meticulous, achieving professional and social positions. In constituting a safe zone for expressing closeted emotions, engagement in operatic activities enables the development and application of gay capital, as well as cultural capital, such that gayness is interpreted as an invaluable resource, granting them professional and social acceptance.
Aesthetic social representations and concrete dialogues across boundaries: Toward intergenerational CHARACTERization
Authors: Boulanger Dany
Published: November 2019

In this paper, I present Bertoldo and Castro’s (2019) epistemological limits in relation to Moscovici’s and propose to develop some of Moscovici’s dynamic aspects. Because Bertoldo and Castro (2019) refer to Boulanger and Christensen’s (2018) work—which aims to schematize the representation processes at different levels of abstraction and develop an aesthetic theory of social representations with respect to Simmel—as a dialogical response, I use this same framework to criticize and push further their effort of extending SRT with regard to the subjective dimension. Bakhtin’s work will be partially used to support my arguments and establish the basis for a dialogical model of aesthetic representation as CHARACTERization. I will quickly illustrate the theoretical propositions regarding the analysis of intergenerational practices in Quebec (Canada), thereby introducing the concept of intergenerational CHARACTERization.
Fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making: An entropy-based approach to assess tourism sustainability
Authors: Andria Joseph , di Tollo Giacomo , Pesenti Raffaele
Published: November 2019

In this article, we propose a method for ranking tourist destinations and evaluating their performances under a sustainability perspective: a fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making method is applied for determining sustainability performance values and ranking destinations accordingly. We select a set of sustainability evaluation criteria and use a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to weight the selected criteria. We also optimize each evaluator’s membership function support by means of a fuzzy entropy maximization criteria. A case study is illustrated and results are compared with two data envelopment analysis–based models. The simplicity of the proposed approach along with the easy readability of the results allow its direct applicability for all involved stakeholders.
Bicycle kicks and camp sites: Towards a phenomenological theory of game feel with special attention towards ‘rhythm’
Authors: Walther Bo Kampmann , Larsen Lasse Juel
Published: November 2019

The goal of the article is to present a theory of game feel inspired by phenomenology. Martin Heidegger’s tool analysis and concept of time ( Sorge), as well as Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s Body-Subject including the related phenomena intentional arc, maximal grip and flow of coping, are of special interest. The aim is to move beyond the descriptive game design take on game feel by inserting the body in a first-person perspective, highlighting a sensuous approach with emphasis on rhythm and controller. We offer a methodological framework for analysing game feel consisting on three levels: ‘Dance’, ‘Learn’ and ‘Inhabit’. Finally, we arrive at an understanding of game feel explaining reasons for player sensitivity towards game feel and clues to why players care so deeply about it.
Predicting program attendance and weight loss in obesity interventions: Do triggering events help?
Authors: Borgatti Alena , Tang Ziting , Tan Fei , Salvy Sarah-Jeanne , Dutton Gareth
Published: November 2019

Medical events that “trigger” motivation to lose weight may improve treatment outcomes compared to non-medical or no triggering events. However, previous findings include only long-term successful participants, not those initiating treatment. The current study compared those with medical triggering events or non-medical triggering events to no triggering events on attendance and weight loss during a weight management program. Medical-triggering-event participants lost 1.8 percent less weight ( p = 0.03) than no-triggering-event participants. Non-medical-triggering-event participants attended 1.45 more sessions ( p = 0.04) and were 1.83 times more likely to complete the program ( p = 0.03) than no-triggering-event participants. These findings fail to support the benefit of medical triggering events when beginning treatment for obesity.
Quality of high school programs for students with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kraemer Bonnie R , Odom Samuel L , Tomaszewski Brianne , Hall Laura J , Dawalt Leann , Hume Kara A , Steinbrenner Jessica R , Szidon Katherine , Brum Christopher
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the study was to examine the quality of high school programs for students with autism spectrum disorder in the United States. The Autism Program Environment Rating Scale–Middle/High School was used to rate the quality of programs for students with autism spectrum disorder in 60 high schools located in three geographic locations in the United States (CA, NC, and WI). Findings indicated that the total quality rating across schools was slightly above the adequate criterion. Higher quality ratings occurred for program environment, learning climate, family participation, and teaming domains. However, quality ratings for intervention domains related to the characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (e.g. communication, social, independence, functional behavior, and transition) were below the adequate quality rating level. Also, quality ratings for transition were significantly higher for modified (primarily self-contained) programs than standard diploma (primarily served in general education) programs. School urbanicity was a significant predictor of program quality, with suburban schools having higher quality ratings than urban or rural schools, controlling for race, school enrollment size, and Title 1 eligibility status. Implications for working with teachers and school teams that support high school students with autism spectrum disorder should include a targeted focus on transition programming that includes a breadth of work-based learning experiences and activities that support social-communication domains.
Aboriginal peoples in complete mental health: A nationally-representative Canadian portrait of resilience and flourishing
Authors: Fuller-Thomson Esme , Lee Siwon , Cameron Rose E , Baiden Philip , Agbeyaka Senyo , Karamally Talib M
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to document the prevalence and factors associated with complete mental health (CMH) among Aboriginal peoples living in Canada. CMH is comprised of three parts: 1) the absence of major depressive episode, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, serious suicidal thoughts, and substance dependence in the past year as measured by the World Health Organization (WHO) versions of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI), 2) happiness and/or satisfaction with life in the past month, and 3) psychological and social well-being. The method involved secondary analysis of Statistics Canada’s 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (CCHS-MH). Responses from Aboriginal peoples living in Canada off-reserve ( n = 965) were examined to determine what percentage were in CMH and what characteristics are associated with being in CMH. Data analysis involved both bivariate and multivariate analytic techniques to examine factors associated with CMH among Aboriginal peoples. Overall, two-thirds of Aboriginal peoples (67.9%) living in Canada were in CMH. Those with a post-secondary degree, who had a confidant, and those who were free of disabling chronic pain were more likely to be in CMH. Additionally, the odds of CMH were higher among those without a history of suicidal ideation, major depression, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, anxiety disorder, or difficulty sleeping. Findings from this study provide indications of substantial resiliency among Aboriginal peoples in Canada.
The ‘migrant experience’: An analytical discussion
Authors: Marotta Vince
Published: November 2019

The idea of experience has been taken at face value in scholarly accounts of the migration experience, consequently very little attention has been given to how this idea has acquired its meaning and how it relates to the category of the ‘migration experience’. This article provides an analytical investigation into the nature of the phenomenon known as the ‘migrant experience’; firstly, by examining mediated and non-mediated conceptions of experience as well as an alternative account of experience associated with strangeness/disruption. Through this conceptual lens, I then critically consider how the migration experience, as an analytical construct, has been constituted through a spatial–temporal framework, a critical migration perspective, and within the phenomenological and existential accounts. In conclusion, these approaches, as I will demonstrate, are not necessarily mutually exclusive, rather they complement and, at times, are in tension with each other. Such an examination will provide some conceptual clarity that is currently lacking in empirical work on an ‘experience’ categorized as migration.
Life cycle cost optimization of building façade: A social housing case
Authors: Yılmaz Yiğit , Yılmaz Burcu Çiğdem
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a common social housing archetype design was studied in order to improve the energy and cost performance. The focus is on evaluating the effects of some parameters of the design of the façade in particular: the size of the windows and the optical and thermo-physical properties of the components. The aim is to obtain cost optimal energy efficient scenarios in accordance with the Recast of Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD Recast) by determining efficient thicknesses of the insulation for the exterior walls and efficient window sizes and types of glazing for each orientation, simultaneously. The parameters of the façade are optimized in order to obtain the dominant values and ranges in terms of energy and cost. There are remarkable differences in the dominant options for the thickness of the insulations, as well as the type and size of windows: they depend on whether they have a north, south and east–west orientation. The decision makers should design each façade in dependence on its orientation to determine its optimal optical and thermo-physical properties in terms of its cost and its consumption of energy. A reduction by approximately 5% in the life cycle cost and 17% in the primary energy use was achieved through the optimization of the base case.
Does political efficacy equally predict news engagement across countries? A multilevel analysis of the relationship among internal political efficacy, media environment and news engagement
Authors: Lu Shuning , Luqiu Luwei Rose
Published: November 2019

This study serves as the first to examine the mechanism of news engagement with regard to the three proposed dimensions (i.e. overall news engagement, user-user news engagement, and user-content news engagement) across 36 countries. We employed hierarchical linear modeling to test how internal political efficacy and media environment—both political and technological, shape news engagement based on the multinational cross-sectional survey data ( N = 72,930). The findings showed that internal political efficacy was positively associated with news engagement. Press freedom was negatively associated with user-content news engagement; Internet penetration was negatively associated with the three indicators of news engagement. Press freedom negatively moderated the effect of internal political efficacy on user-content news engagement. The study advances our understanding about the individual and contextual mechanisms of news engagement. It also renders significant implications for news organizations to consider the role of media environment while practicing engagement.
Network Changes after Epilepsy Surgery: It's Time to Reconnect
Authors: Englot Dario J.
Published: November 2019

[Box: see text]
A Roadmap for Noninvasive Vascular Laboratory Education
Authors: Chou Daisy , Go Michael R. , Starr Jean E. , Satiani Bhagwan
Published: November 2019

Since 2014, the Registered Physician in Vascular Interpretation (RPVI) designation has been required for a vascular surgery board certification candidate to register for the vascular surgery certifying exam. Although the importance of the noninvasive vascular laboratory (NIVL) is recognized, vascular laboratory education within vascular surgery fellowship programs is heterogeneous and much less regulated compared with clinical education. Evidence suggests that many vascular surgery trainees may not have received ideal training to obtain RPVI certification or direct an NIVL. The NIVL curriculum at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center has been used since 2005 and combines didactics, supervised reading, videos, hands-on experience with vascular sonographers, and one on one time with the vascular laboratory medical director. This curriculum is outlined in this article and can be used as a guide for creating NIVL curricula for vascular surgery and other training programs.
Observer-based control for active suspension system with time-varying delay and uncertainty
Authors: Wang Kuiyang , He Ren , Li Heng , Tang Jinhua , Liu Ruochen , Li Yangmin , He Ping
Published: November 2019

Time-varying input delay of actuators, uncertainty of model parameters, and input and output disturbances are important issues in the research on active suspension system of vehicle. In this article, a design methodology involving state observer and observer-based dynamic output-feedback [Formula: see text] controller considering the above four factors simultaneously is put forward for active suspension system. First, the dynamics equations of active suspension system with time-varying delay are established according to its structure and principle, and its state equations, state observer, and observer-based controller considering time-varying delay, uncertainty of model parameters, and input and output disturbances are given separately. Second, the observer-based controller for quarter-vehicle active suspension system is designed in terms of the linear matrix inequality and the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, and the design problem of observer-based controller is converted into the solving problem of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the gain matrix of observer and the gain matrix of controller are obtained by means of the developed controller and the model parameters of active suspension system; the MATLAB/Simulink model of this system is established; and three numerical simulation cases are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Assessing mixed methods research quality in the European student mobility literature
Authors: McKinley Keanen M
Published: November 2019

Mixed methods research (MMR) integrates quantitative and qualitative research approaches to reach more valid, complete, or refined conclusions. MMR is emerging as a distinct research approach that can be particularly useful for understanding complex phenomena, like international student mobility. While other fields have established frameworks for conducting MMR, no such framework exists for European student mobility researchers. As a first step toward creating a MMR framework, this exploratory study systematically analyzed and assessed the quality of 24 MMR studies within European student mobility research using content analysis, where quality is operationalized as the alignment between the MMR rationales and study designs. Concerns arose for 10 of the 24 sampled articles, illustrating the need to establish frameworks and ensure a shared understanding of MMR. I provide three directions for future research that will inform the creation of MMR frameworks specific to European student mobility research.
Forest fire image recognition based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Yuanbin , Dang Langfei , Ren Jieying
Published: November 2019

In order to detect fire automatically, a forest fire image recognition method based on convolutional neural networks is proposed in this paper. There are two main types of fire recognition algorithms. One is based on traditional image processing technology and the other is based on convolutional neural network technology. The former is easy to lead in false detection because of blindness and randomness in the stage of feature selection, while for the latter the unprocessed convolutional neural network is applied directly, so that the characteristics learned by the network are not accurate enough, and recognition rate may be affected. In view of these problems, conventional image processing techniques and convolutional neural networks are combined, and an adaptive pooling approach is introduced. The fire flame area can be segmented and the characteristics can be learned by this algorithm ahead. At the same time, the blindness in the traditional feature extraction process is avoided, and the learning of invalid features in the convolutional neural network is also avoided. Experiments show that the convolutional neural network method based on adaptive pooling method has better performance and has higher recognition rate.
Traditional Uses of the Family Piperaceae in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Martínez-Bautista Brian Giovanni , Bernal-Ramírez Luis Alberto , Bravo-Avilez David , Samain Marie-Stéphanie , Amezcua José Manuel Ramírez , Rendón-Aguilar Beatriz
Published: November 2019

The ethnobotanical importance of the family Piperaceae is recognized mainly for its medicinal properties. A total of 106 species of two genera of this family ( Piper and Peperomia) have been collected in Oaxaca, but only 18 are recorded in scientific publications as medicinal, edible, veterinary, or ritual plants. The objectives of this study are to describe the traditional knowledge and uses of the Piperaceae in areas of high biocultural diversity of Oaxaca and to analyze the relationship between its geographic distribution with ethnobotanical records among ethnic groups. Fieldwork was carried out between 2013 and 2016, and voucher specimens were reviewed in Mexican herbaria. Two multivariate analyses were applied to compare the geographic distribution of Piperaceae with ethnobotanical knowledge in Oaxaca. A total of 13 species of Peperomia, and 7 of Piper were collected, besides some unidentified species of both genera. Seven use categories were registered, with medicinal and edible being the most important. A high percentage (65%) of the species is named in at least one native language. Most species have a single use, mainly medicinal. Peperomia has been collected in Oaxaca since 1980, while Piper since 1960. Multivariate analysis indicated the existence of a differentiated ethnobotanical knowledge of this family among ethnic groups, related to the geographic distribution of species. This study evidences that ethnic groups, who maintain areas of higher biodiversity, obtain these species mainly from the wild, from specific microenvironments; hence, conservation practices must be reinforced for them, as for all ecosystems in general.
The Use of Imaging to Detect Intracranial Tumors in Idiopathic Olfactory Dysfunction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Birkenbeuel Jack L. , Cheung Dillon C. , Sahyouni Ronald , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Chua Janice T. , Choy Joseph A. I. , Bitner Benjamin , Kuan Edward C.
Published: November 2019

Objectives

To review the literature regarding the use of intracranial imaging as a screening tool for idiopathic olfactory loss (IOL) and to review the incidence of identifying a sinonasal or intracranial neoplasm as a result of intracranial imaging.

Methods

A systematic review of published English-language literature was performed using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases.

Results

Of the 694 available abstracts, 5 met inclusion criteria for this review. Out of 470 eligible patients, intracranial imaging identified tumors causing IOL in 8 patients (1.7%). Tumor detection rates ranged from 0% to 4.9%. Of the 470 eligible patients, intracranial imaging detected intracranial or sinonasal pathology, excluding tumors, causing IOL in 53 patients (11%). The findings ranged from 0.77% to 23%. Of the 604 eligible IOL patients, 470 (81%) underwent intracranial imaging, ranging from 53% to 100%.

Conclusions

In most cases, diagnostic imaging in IOL patients is frequently ordered. This study finds computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging to be an important recommendation given to all patients with IOL. Although the overall rate of detecting tumor from diagnostic imaging is low, it is important to offer diagnostic imaging to this subset of patients to avoid missing tumors at an early stage.
Time to go wild: How to conceptualize and measure process dynamics in real teams with high-resolution
Authors: Klonek Florian , Gerpott Fabiola Heike , Lehmann-Willenbrock Nale , Parker Sharon K.
Published: November 2019

Team processes are interdependent activities among team members that transform inputs into outputs, vary over time, and are critical for team effectiveness. Understanding the temporal dynamics of team processes and related team phenomena with a high-resolution lens (i.e., methods with high sampling rates) is particularly challenging when going “into the wild” (i.e., studying teams operating in their full situated context). We review quantitative field studies using high-resolution methods (e.g., video, chat/text data, archival, wearables) and map out the various temporal lenses for studying team dynamics. We synthesize these different lenses and present an integrated temporal framework that is of help in theorizing about team dynamics. We also provide readers with a “how to” guide that summarizes four essential steps along with analytical methods (e.g., sequential and pattern analyses, mixed-methods research, abductive reasoning) that are applicable to the broad scope of high-resolution methods.
Incorporation of shear thickening fluid effects into computational modelling of woven fabrics subjected to impact loading: A review
Authors: Weerasinghe Dakshitha , Mohotti Damith , Anderson Jeremy
Published: November 2019

Soft armour consisting of multi-layered high-performance fabrics are a popular choice for personal protection. Extensive work done in the last few decades suggests that shear thickening fluids improve the impact resistance of woven fabrics. Shear thickening fluid–impregnated fabrics have been proven as an ideal candidate for producing comfortable, high-performance soft body armour. However, the mechanism of defeating a projectile using a shear thickening fluid–impregnated multi-layered fabric is not fully understood and can be considered as a gap in the research done on the improvement of soft armour. Even though considerable progress has been achieved on dry fabrics, limited studies have been performed on shear thickening fluid–impregnated fabrics. The knowledge of simulation of multi-layered fabric armour is not well developed. The complexity in creating the geometry of the yarns, incorporating friction between yarns and initial pre-tension between yarns due to weaving patterns make the numerical modelling a complex process. In addition, the existing knowledge in this area is widely dispersed in the published literature and requires synthesis to enhance the development of shear thickening fluid–impregnated fabrics. Therefore, this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current methods of modelling shear thickening fluid–impregnated fabrics with a critical analysis of the techniques used. The review is preceded by an overview of shear thickening behaviour and related mechanisms, followed by a discussion of innovative approaches in numerical modelling of fabrics. A novel state-of-the-art means of modelling shear thickening fluid–impregnated fabrics is proposed in conclusion of the review of current methods. A short case study is also presented using the proposed approach of modelling.
A Bayesian meta-analysis on early tobacco exposure and vascular health: From childhood to early adulthood
Authors: Georgiopoulos Georgios , Oikonomou Dimitrios , Pateras Konstantinos , Masi Stefano , Magkas Nikolaos , Delialis Dimitrios , Ajdini Erold , Vlachou Victoria , Stamatelopoulos Kimon , Charakida Marietta
Published: November 2019

Background

Smoking has been consistently associated with increased cardiovascular risk in adults. Although exposure to tobacco products often starts in early life, evidence for the possible adverse effects on the cardiovascular system of the young is scarce. We sought to derive pooled estimates of smoking effects on indices of early vascular damage in children and adolescents.

Design and methods

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies involving young individuals up to 21 years old that provided data on smoking exposure (active or passive) and flow-mediated dilatation, carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity and maximum carotid intima-media thickness. We employed three distinct methodologies of random-effects data synthesis, including the Sidik-Jonkman estimator, the Hartung and Knapp correction and a Bayesian method with a well-informed prior on the level of between-study variance.

Results

In 12 studies and 5279 individuals in total, smoking exposure was related to deterioration in all three outcomes (mean adjusted flow-mediated dilatation decrease: −0.77%, 95% confidence interval −1.38–−0.15, mean adjusted pulse wave velocity increase: 0.1 m/s, 95% confidence interval 0.02–0.17 and mean adjusted carotid intima-media thickness increase: 0.35 mm, 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.55, for the Sidik-Jonkman estimator). No difference was established between active and passive smoking on associations with arterial damage.

Conclusions

Exposure to tobacco products is associated with subclinical vascular damage early in life, even from childhood. Public health initiatives should target these very young age groups to prevent early smoking exposure and associated arterial damage and its sequelae.
Moderate eating with pleasure and without effort: Toward understanding the underlying psychological mechanisms
Authors: Dijker Anton JM
Published: November 2019

Integrating research on elementary eating behaviors, savoring, mental imagery, mindfulness, cooking, and dinner rituals, a psychological theory of moderate eating is formulated that does not require effortful self-control and giving up on the pleasures of eating. The theory proposes that taste and pleasure can be combined with a relatively objective attitude toward food, resulting in a relatively slow, gentle, and thoughtful manner of eating that enhances satiation. The objective food attitude is thought to result from (a) the accumulation of multiple sensorimotor expectancies and perspectives and (b) a motivational mechanism underlying prosocial behavior, food sharing, and aggression-inhibiting dinner rituals.