bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisão da literatura a respeito da Síndrome de Prune Belly
Authors: Farias Wanderson Santos de , Melo Gabriel Cadidé de , Barbosa Gislaine Maria , Silva Filho Marcos Antônio da , Moura Rebeca Nascimento de , Andrade Lorenna Virgínia Barbosa de
Published: April 2024

A sídrome de Prune Belly apresenta modificações que compreendem o déficit da musculatura do abdomen, com graus diferentes de displasia renal como também oclusão do trato urinário, incluindo, muitas vezes, a criptorquidia bilateral. Objetivo do estudo é descrever a síndrome de Prune Belly de acordo com a literatura atual. Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, que por sua vez as etapas operacionais foram divididas em seis fases, sendo: elaboração da pergunta norteadora, busca na literatura, coleta de dados, análise crítica dos estudos incluídos, discussão dos resultados e apresentação da revisão integrativa. A SPB é caracterizada de forma clássica por ausência congênita dos músculos do abdomen, falhas do trato urinário como também a criptorquidia bilateral. Normalmente os homens que são acometidos.
Connecting the Threads: A Descriptive Review of Social, Cultural and Spiritual Influences on Physiotherapy Practice
Authors: Kaur Gurjeet , Subudhi Ganesh Kumar , Padhan Srikanta , Mohapatra Avilash
Published: April 2024

In the 21st century, there have been significant indigenous advancements in the field of physiotherapy. However, there still exist certain sociocultural and spiritual beliefs among practitioners. Through meticulous examination, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, and physical intervention, physiotherapists utilise mechanical movements and force to treat impairments and help improve function, mobility, and quality of life. The cultural framework plays a crucial role in how individuals experience health, illness, and disability. Simultaneously, sociocultural factors are pivotal in the physical function, health, and illness of individuals. This paper explores the social, cultural and spiritual influences on physiotherapy across different societal and professional contexts. While there have been several recent studies providing snapshots of advancements in technologies in the healthcare system, there are not as many focusing on these three aspects in the clinical practice of physiotherapists. Due to the different eras in the history of physiotherapy, the present article demonstrates how physiotherapists are influenced by social, cultural, and spiritual domains. It is challenging to generalise the results in every situation and geographical area. Therefore, physiotherapists should be proactive in addressing these healthy beliefs at the grassroots level within the healthcare society. To create a personalised treatment plan, goal-setting, and care plan for the patient, the physiotherapist finds great value in understanding the patient’s sociocultural and spiritual history.
Promoting Faculty Diversity in U.S. Higher Education Institutions: The Case of Faculty of Color
Authors: Tutera Doreen
Published: April 2024

The current landscape of higher education has seen efforts by universities and colleges to promote a sense of belonging and inclusion for students, faculty, and staff. In this study, I investigated faculty diversity in U.S. higher education institutions focusing on faculty of color. Critical Race Theory and Affirmative Action served as the conceptual frameworks for this study. For data collection, I utilized journal articles on Ohio University’s library website, Google Scholar, and the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC); and this lasted between March 2023 and June 2023. I analyzed the data using thematic analysis. The findings of the research revealed a lack of mentorship for faculty of color. Additionally, faculty from underrepresented groups had to navigate their educational institutions on their own without any assistance. Faculty of color also experienced feelings of isolation due to the absence of faculty who shared their background. At the end of the study, I recommended that diversity, equity, and inclusion should not be viewed as merely a checkbox for funding or accreditation purposes. The findings of this study can provide valuable insights for higher education institutions as they strive for diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Detection of Diseases in Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) Using Machine Learning Models: A Case Study
Authors: N Venketesa Palanichamy , M Kalpana , L Karthiba
Published: April 2024

Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) is widely used in Indian cuisine and one of the most significant pulses cultivated in India. Identification of plant diseases at their earlier stages is essential to take necessary plant protection measures to reduce yield loss to the farmers. Anthracnose and Powdery Mildew are the major diseases in black gram which causes significant yield losses to the farmers. In this research study, advanced disease detection machine learning models such as Multinomial Logistic Regression, Random Forest Classifier were employed to assist the farmers in detection of plant leaf diseases in blackgram at their early stages of growth. For this present study, Image data sets were collected from Thanjavur block, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu. Results of the study showed that accuracy of Random Forest Classifier was higher with train accuracy 99.17% and test accuracy 97.00% when compared to the other machine learning methods for detection of plant leaf diseases in black gram, which aids in promotion of smart agriculture.
Prevalence of Malaria and Helicobacter Pylori Coinfection and Associated Sociodemographic Factors among Blood Donors in Douala General Hospital
Authors: Djakissam Watching , Agberndifor Thelma Epole , Honoré Ndouwe Tissebe Menga , Nzegge Ebude Roda , Elisabeth Zeuko’o Menkem , Lavoisier Yimtchi Ngassa Christian , Baiye Abange William , Mengue Emmanuel Rode
Published: April 2024

Background: The malaria parasite Plasmodium is intra-erythrocyte hence can be transmitted by transfusion of any blood component containing infected red blood cells. Helicobacter pylori infection affects more than half of the human population worldwide. Infection remains asymptomatic in most individuals, although some individuals develop acute gastritis, peptic or duodenal ulcers, gastric cancer, and mucosa associated tissue lymphoma. H. pylori infection have been implicated in some haematological manifestations such as anaemia and micronutrient deficiency.
Objective: This research was designed to determine the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and H. pylori coinfection in association with sociodemographic characteristics among donors in Douala General Hospital.
Methodology: The study was a hospital-based study carried out from January to May 2022. The study population comprised of 106 donors who came to the hospital laboratory for blood donation. A structured questionnaire was used to get demographic and clinical data. Two ml of blood was collected from individuals to prepare a thick and thin blood film for malaria parasite determination and to centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain plasma for H. pylori test strip.
Results and Discussion: The overall prevalence of H. pylori in the study area was 70.8%. The female donors had a prevalence of 72.0%. A greater proportion of blood group O donors had H. pylori than groups A, AB and B but this difference was not significant (P-value = 0.571). The prevalence of malaria parasites infection was 36.8%. Those of blood group A had a higher prevalence rate of 42.3% (11/26). Out of the 106 donors, 23 (21.7%) had malaria and H. pylori coinfection. 68 (64.2%) donors had a mono-infection that is either having malaria mono-infection or H. pylori mono-infection and 15 (14.2%) had no infection. Malaria and H. pylori coinfection was higher in female donors than males (OR = 1.059, 95% Cl 0.359 -3.119, P =0.917), in donors aged below 25 years old (OR = 0.338, 95% Cl 0.075 - 1.535, P =0.160), replacement donors (OR = 1.350, 95% Cl 0.460 – 3.964, P =0.585); blood donors of blood group AB (OR = 0.654, 95% Cl 0.181 – 2.366, P =0.517) and Rhesus negative donors (OR = 1.500, 95% Cl 0.130 – 17.36, P =0.746).
Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection and Malaria among blood donors in Douala General Hospital were high and coinfection was higher in females than males. Both malaria parasites and H. pylori infections have been implicated in blood parameters such as anaemia and micronutrient deficiency. It is therefore recommended that routine screening for malaria parasites and H. pylori be done in   blood banks before transfusion for a high blood quality.
Research Status and Development Trend of Obstacle Crossing Mechanism of HV Transmission Line Inspection Robot
Authors: Tong Baoen
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of the power grid industry, the traditional manual inspection method is gradually being replaced by intelligent robot technology, which has been widely concerned around the world. The research of inspection robots aims to improve the efficiency and safety of transmission line inspection, while reducing labor costs and quickly identifying potential risks. The obstacle crossing mechanism of inspection robot is the core part of normal inspection of robot. This paper analyzes the obstacle crossing mechanism of inspection robot developed at home and abroad, summarizes the types and characteristics of the obstacle crossing mechanism, and finally puts forward the development trend of the obstacle crossing mechanism of inspection robot
Colours and Metallic Sheen in Beetle Shells — A Biomimetic Search for Material Structuring Principles Causing Light Interference
Authors: Lenau T. , Barfoed M.
Published: April 2008

Visual aesthetic has always played a vital role for the success of many products. This includes colours and glossiness and metal appearance which is often achieved using surface coatings. Present coating techniques do, however, have limitations. It is difficult to reach very bright and brilliant colours, colours tend to fade over time and many of the materials and coating technologies pollute and have other environmental problems. Beetles in nature have many of the desired properties: They have appealing brilliant colours and some even with metallic appearance. It is noticeable that the colours are long lasting as some of the beetles we have studied at the zoological museum are more than 200 years old and have colours and brightness as if they were still alive. Furthermore, the beetles in nature are part of sustainable ecosystems, which means that they are made from renewable materials that are broken down and recycled when the beetle dies. Beetles also possess another and very attractive property: Their metallic look originates from structures in organic materials which is both electrically and thermal insulating. The industrial perspective is to be able to manufacture products with attractive metallic surfaces that do not feel so cold to touch as their metallic counterparts and that do not represent an electrical shock hazard.
Fracture of Ceramics
Authors: Danzer R. , Lube T. , Supancic P. , Damani R.
Published: April 2008

The paper reviews the current state of art of the fracture of brittle ceramic materials. Typical loading situations (thermal shock, contact damage) are analysed and the resulting fracture modes are discussed. In focus of the paper are the brittle fracture and the resulting probabilistic aspects. The delayed failure of brittle materials (sub critical crack growth and cyclic fatigue) is also discussed.
Simulation of Deformation, Damage and Residual Stresses in Arterial Walls
Authors: Balzani D.
Published: April 2008

The numerical simulation of arterial walls is important for analyzing what happens during balloon‐angioplasty and may help to optimize methods of treatment. A variety of suitable material models exist for the description of deformations in the physiological domain which also satisfy some important mathematical conditions such as polyconvexity or ellipticity. In addition there are approaches to model residual stresses and anisotropic damage due to supra‐physiological deformations. In this contribution an extended damage model is proposed for the incorporation of softening hysteresis observed in cyclic supra‐physiological uniaxial tension tests. Furthermore, numerical results are given, where the distribution of damage due to overstretching an atherosclerotic artery can be analyzed.
Cover Picture: Directional Atomic Rearrangements During Transformations Between the α‐ and γ‐Phases in Titanium Aluminides (Adv. Eng. Mater. 4/2008)
Authors: Liss K.‐D. , Stark A. , Bartels A. , Clemens H. , Buslaps T. , Phelan D. , Yeoh L. A.
Published: April 2008

Making movies in‐situ at glowing temperatures up to 1300 °C through a microscope (false color image) and from two‐dimensional X‐ray diffraction (movie frames) reveal the lattice correlations, gradients and intermediate structures during phase transformations in titanium aluminide. A quenched, α2‐rich γ‐based TiAl first approaches its equilibrium by α2 → γ on a heating ramp, disorders α2 → α and then evolves reversely γ → α, which are morphologically different processes. More details can be found in the article by K.‐D. Liss et al. on page 389.
Controlled Synthesis of Ag2S, Ag2Se, and Ag Nanofibers by Using a General Sacrificial Template and Their Application in Electronic Device Fabrication
Authors: Wang Hailiang , Qi Limin
Published: April 2008

Nanofiber bundles of Ag2S, Ag2Se, and Ag have been successfully synthesized by making use of Ag2C2O4 template nanofiber bundles, utilizing both anion‐exchange and redox reactions. The obtained bundles were polycrystalline nanofibers composed of nanoparticles in which the precursor morphology was well‐preserved, indicating that Ag2C2O4 nanofiber bundles acted as a general sacrificial template for the synthesis of silver‐based semiconductor and metal nanofibers. Dispersing media and transforming reactants were found to be key factors influencing the chemical transformation in the system. In particular, separate single‐crystalline Ag nanofibers were obtained via a nontemplate route when ascorbic acid was used as a relatively weak reductant. An electrical transfer and switching device was built with the obtained Ag2S and Ag nanofiber bundles, utilizing the unique ion‐conductor nature of Ag2S and revealing their potential applications in electronics.
Effects of Arylene Diimide Thin Film Growth Conditions on n‐Channel OFET Performance
Authors: Jones Brooks A. , Facchetti Antonio , Wasielewski Michael R. , Marks Tobin J.
Published: April 2008

A series of eight perylene diimide (PDI)‐ and naphthalene diimide (NDI)‐based organic semiconductors was used to fabricate organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) on bare SiO2 substrates, with the substrate temperature during film deposition (Td) varied from 70–130 °C. For the N,N′‐n‐octyl materials that form highly ordered films, the mobility (µ) and current on‐off ratio (Ion/Ioff) increase slightly from 70 to 90 °C, and remain relatively constant between 90 and 130 °C. Ion/Ioff and µ of dibromo‐PDI‐based OFETs decrease with increasing Td, while films of N,N′‐1H,1H‐perfluorobutyl dicyanoperylenediimide (PDI‐FCN2) exhibit dramatic Ion/Ioff and µ enhancements with increasing Td. Increased OFET mobility can be correlated with higher levels of molecular ordering and minimization of film morphology surface irregularities. Additionally, the effects of SiO2 surface modification with trimethylsilyl and octadecyltrichlorosilyl monolayers, as well as with polystyrene, are investigated for N,N′‐n‐octyl dicyanoperylenediimide (PDI‐8CN2) and PDI‐FCN2 films deposited at Td = 130 °C. The SiO2 surface treatments have modest effects on PDI‐8CN2 OFET mobilities, but modulate the mobility and morphology of PDI‐FCN2 films substantially. Most importantly, the surface treatments result in substantially increased Vth and decreased Ioff values for the dicyanoperylenediimide films relative to those grown on SiO2, resulting in Vth > 0.0 V and Ion/Ioff ratios as high as 108. Enhancements in current modulation for these high‐mobility, air‐stable, and solution‐processable n‐type semiconductors, should prove useful in noise‐margin enhancement and further improvements in organic electronics.
The Gas‐Detection Properties of Light‐Emitting Diatoms
Authors: Lettieri Stefano , Setaro Antonio , De Stefano Luca , De Stefano Mario , Maddalena Pasqualino
Published: April 2008

In recent years, the porous silica structures (frustules) created by living diatoms have been studied for several nanoengineering applications based on biomimetic approaches. We focus on the gas‐sensing properties of diatoms: investigation of different species shows that the photoluminescence emission of frustules is affected by even small modifications of the surrounding gas environment, exhibiting a detection limit of few tenths of ppm in the case of nitrogen dioxide. A new understanding of this phenomenon is discussed here in terms of “static‐type” luminescence quenching through suppression of radiative states (most probably surface oxygen vacancies) induced by adsorption of gas molecules. The modeling allows the free energy of desorption to be measured by all‐optical means: the value obtained suggests that a chemisorption process is involved, in agreement with the observed absorption/desorption kinetics. The findings encourage investigation of diatoms as low‐cost biological transducers for detection of gas species.
Effects of Laminate Architecture on Fracture Resistance of Sponge Biosilica: Lessons from Nature
Authors: Miserez Ali , Weaver James C. , Thurner Philipp J. , Aizenberg Joanna , Dauphin Yannicke , Fratzl Peter , Morse Daniel E. , Zok Frank W.
Published: April 2008

Hexactinellid sponges are known for their ability to synthesize unusually long and highly flexible fibrous spicules, which serve as the building blocks of their skeletal systems. The spicules consist of a central core of monolithic hydrated silica, surrounded by alternating layers of hydrated silica and proteinaceous material. The principal objective of the present study is to ascertain the role of the latter laminate architecture in the material's resistance to both crack initiation and subsequent crack growth. This has been accomplished through indentation testing on the giant anchor spicule of Monorhaphis chuni, both in the laminated region and in the monolithic core, along with a theoretical analysis of deformation and cracking at indents. The latter suggests that the threshold load for crack initiation is proportional to Kc4/E2H where Kc is fracture toughness, E is Young's modulus, and H is hardness. Two key experimental results emerge. First, the load required to form well‐defined radial cracks from a sharp indent in the laminated region is two orders of magnitude greater than that for the monolithic material. Secondly, its fracture toughness is about 2.5 times that of the monolith, whereas the modulus and hardness are about 20% lower. Combining the latter property values with the theoretical analysis, the predicted increase in the threshold load is a factor of about 80, broadly consistent with the experimental measurements.
Swelling Behavior of Multiresponsive Poly(methacrylic acid)‐block‐‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Brushes Synthesized Using Surface‐Initiated Photoiniferter‐Mediated Photopolymerization
Authors: Rahane Santosh B. , Floyd J. Alaina , Metters Andrew T. , Kilbey S. Michael
Published: April 2008

Surface‐initiated photoiniferter‐mediated photopolymerization (SI‐PMP) in presence of tetraethylthiuram disulfide is used to directly synthesize surface‐grafted poly(methacrylic acid)‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PMAA‐b‐PNIPAM) layers. The response of these PMAA‐b‐PNIPAM bi‐level brushes to changes in pH, temperature and ionic strength is investigated by using in‐situ multi‐angle ellipsometry to measure changes in solvated layer thickness. As expected for a block copolymer architecture, PMAA blocks swell as pH is increased, with the maximum change in the thickness occurring near pH = 5, and PNIPAM blocks exhibit lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior, marked by a broad transition between swollen and collapsed states. The response of the bi‐level brushes to changes in added salt at constant pH is complex, as the swelling behaviors of both the weak polyelectrolyte, PMAA, and thermoresponsive PNIPAM are affected by changes in ionic strength. This work demonstrates not only the robustness of SI‐PMP for making novel, bi‐level stimuli‐responsive brushes, but also the complex links between synthesis, structure, and response of these materials.
Gold(III) Chloride‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Alkylation Reactions with Chiral Benzylic Acetates
Authors: Rubenbauer Philipp , Bach Thorsten
Published: April 2008

Gold(III) chloride was shown to be an efficient catalyst for the diastereoselective CC bond formation of various chiral para‐methoxybenzylic acetates and different nucleophiles. All electrophilic acetates carried next to the reacting center a stereogenic carbon center bound to a functional group (FG), a methyl substituent and a proton. Selectivities were good (dr>80/20) in favor of the anti‐product for FG=COOMe, NO2, CN and in favor of the syn‐product for FG=SO2Et, PO(OEt)2. The reactions proceed most likely via a free carbocation, in which a face differentation is facilitated by a preferred conformation. Several arene nucleophiles were shown to be compatible with the catalysis conditions providing the corresponding substitution products in high yields (13 examples, 62–98%). Moreover, other nucleophiles (allyltrimethylsilane, trimethylsilyl cyanide, 2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐(trimethylsilyloxy)butane, p‐toluenesulfonamide, and acetylacetone) reacted with a representative chiral electrophile in a high yielding and diastereoselective fashion.
Mass‐Spectrometric and Kinetic Studies on the Mechanism and Degradation Pathways of Titanium Salalen Catalysts for Asymmetric Epoxidation with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Berkessel Albrecht , Brandenburg Marc , Schäfer Mathias
Published: April 2008

The composition and degradation of a highly active and enantioselective titanium salalen in situ catalyst for the asymmetric epoxidation of olefins with aqueous hydrogen peroxide was investigated. Kinetic data and ESI‐MS studies point to a mononuclear titanium salalen as the catalytically active species. By means of ESI‐MS and selective monodeuteration of the salalen ligand, the oxidative degradation was studied. Upon exposure to aqueous hydrogen peroxide, the amine functionality of the salalen ligand is converted to the hydroxylamine, followed by loss of water and generation of the inactive titanium‐salen complex. This transformation limits the activity of the catalyst in the epoxidation of less electron‐rich olefins, such as 1‐octene.
Asymmetric Counterion Pair Catalysis: An Enantioselective Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Protonation
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Theissmann Thomas , Raja Sadiya , Bats Jan W.
Published: April 2008

A new asymmetric Brønsted acid‐catalyzed cascade reaction involving a 1,4‐addition, enantioselective protonation and 1,2‐addition has been developed. This organocatalytic cascade not only provides for the first time 3‐ and 2,3‐substituted tetrahydroquinolines and octahydroacridines in good yields with high dia‐ and enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions but additionally represents the first example of a chiral Brønsted acid‐catalyzed protonation reaction in an organocatalytic domino reaction. Furthermore, the new Brønsted acid‐catalyzed hydride‐proton‐hydride transfer cascade can be applied to prepare new molecular scaffolds with up to three new stereocenters in an efficient one‐pot reaction sequence.
Bioengineering functional copolymers. XI. Copper(II)‐poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone‐co‐N‐isopropylacrylamide) macrocomplexes
Authors: Rzayev Zakir M. O. , Denizli B. Kirci , Denizli Haluk
Published: April 2008

A series of poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone‐co‐N‐isopropylacrylamide)s, poly(VP‐co‐NIPA) copolymers with different compositions were prepared by radical copolymerization of VP and NIPA in N,N′‐dimethylformamide at 65°C using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. Cu(II)‐copolymer macrocomplexes were prepared by complexation of the copolymers with copper sulfate in aqueous solution at 40°C. The structure and composition of the copolymers, and the formation of coordinated Cu(II)‐complexes between amide VP units and Cu2+ ions, were studied by FTIR spectroscopy, DSC and TGA‐DTG in addition to electrical conductivity. Studies on the relationship between composition and thermal behavior showed that the values of Tg and Td of the copolymers and their coordinated macrocomplexes increased with increasing VP content. The copolymers predominantly show amorphous structure while their Cu(II)‐macrocomplexes show the presence of a crystalline phase. The conductive properties of the synthesized Cu(II)‐poly(VP‐co‐NIPA) complexes are also discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Varied Active‐Site Constraints in the Klenow Fragment of E. coli DNA Polymerase I and the Lesion‐Bypass Dbh DNA Polymerase
Authors: Cramer Janina , Rangam Gopinath , Marx Andreas , Restle Tobias
Published: April 2008

We report on comparative pre‐steady‐state kinetic analyses of exonuclease‐deficient Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment, KF−) and the archaeal Y‐family DinB homologue (Dbh) of Sulfolobus solfataricus. We used size‐augmented sugar‐modified thymidine‐5′‐triphosphate (TRTP) analogues to test the effects of steric constraints in the active sites of the polymerases. These nucleotides serve as models for study of DNA polymerases exhibiting both relatively high and low intrinsic selectivity. Substitution of a hydrogen atom at the 4′‐position in the nucleotide analogue by a methyl group reduces the maximum rate of nucleotide incorporation by about 40‐fold for KF− and about twelvefold for Dbh. Increasing the size to an ethyl group leads to a further twofold reduction in the rates of incorporation for both enzymes. Interestingly, the affinity of KF− for the modified nucleotides is only marginally affected, which would indicate no discrimination during the binding step. Dbh even has a higher affinity for the modified analogues than it does for the natural substrate. Misincorporation of either TTP or TMeTP opposite a G template causes a drastic decline in incorporation rates for both enzymes. At the same time, the binding affinities of KF− for these nucleotides drop by about 16‐ and fourfold, respectively, whereas Dbh shows only a twofold reduction. Available structural data for ternary complexes of relevant DNA polymerases indicate that both enzymes make close contacts with the sugar moiety of the dNTP. Thus, the varied proficiencies of the two enzymes in processing the size‐augmented probes indicate varied flexibility of the enzymes' active sites and support the notion of active site tightness being a criterion for DNA polymerase selectivity.
Controllable Synthesis of Nickel Hydroxide and Porous Nickel Oxide Nanostructures with Different Morphologies
Authors: Dong Lihong , Chu Ying , Sun Wendong
Published: April 2008

α‐Ni(OH)2 nanobelts, nanowires, short nanowires, and β‐Ni(OH)2 nanoplates have been successfully prepared in high yields and purities by a convenient hydrothermal method under mild conditions from very simple systems composed only of NaOH, NiSO4, and water. It has been found that the ratio of NaOH to NiSO4 not only affects the morphology of the Ni(OH)2 nanostructures, but also determines whether the product is of the α‐ or β‐crystal phase. A notable finding is that porous NiO nanobelts were produced after exposure of the Ni(OH)2 products to an electron beam for several minutes during transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. Another unusual feature is that rectangular nanoplates with many gaps were obtained. Furthermore, porous NiO nanobelts, nanowires, and nanoplates could also be obtained by annealing the as‐prepared Ni(OH)2 products. A sequence of dissolution, recrystallization, and oriented attachment‐assisted self‐assembly of nanowires into nanobelts is proposed as a plausible mechanistic interpretation for the formation of the observed structures. The method presented here possesses several advantages, including high yields, high purities, low cost, and environmental benignity. It might feasibly be scaled‐up for industrial mass production.
Ionic Liquids of Bis(alkylethylenediamine)silver(I) Salts and the Formation of Silver(0) Nanoparticles from the Ionic Liquid System
Authors: Iida Masayasu , Baba Chihiro , Inoue Michiko , Yoshida Hibiki , Taguchi Eiji , Furusho Hirotoshi
Published: April 2008

We have prepared novel ionic liquids of bis(N‐2‐ethylhexylethylenediamine)silver(I) nitrate ([Ag(eth‐hex‐en)2]NO3 and bis(N‐hexylethylenediamine)silver(I) hexafluorophosphate ([Ag(hex‐en)2]PF6), which have transition points at −54 and −6 °C, respectively. Below these transition temperatures, both the silver complexes assume amorphous states, in which the extent of the vitrification is larger for the eth‐hex‐en complex than for the hex‐en complex. The diffusion coefficients of both the complex cations, measured between 30 (or 35) and 70 °C, are largely dependent on temperature; the dependence is particularly large in the case of the eth‐hex‐en complex cation below 40 °C. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering studies showed that the bilayer structure of the metal complex is formed in the liquid state for both the silver complexes. A direct observation of the yellowish [Ag(eth‐hex‐en)2]NO3 liquid by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates the presence of nanostructures, as a microemulsion, of less than 5 nm. Such structures were not clearly observed in the [Ag(hex‐en)2]PF6 liquid. Although the [Ag(eth‐hex‐en)2]NO3 liquid is sparingly soluble in bulk water, it readily incorporates a small amount of water up to [water]/[metal complex]=7:1. Homogeneous and uniformly sized silver(0) nanoparticles in water were created by the reduction of the [Ag(eth‐hex‐en)2]NO3 liquid with aqueous NaBH4, whereas silver(0) nanoparticles were not formed from the [Ag(hex‐en)2]PF6 liquid in the same way.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Balanol, All Stereoisomers, Their N‐Tosyl Analogues, and Fully Protected Ophiocordin: An Easy Route to Hexahydroazepine Cores from Garner Aldehydes
Authors: Srivastava Ajay Kumar , Panda Gautam
Published: April 2008

Total syntheses of (−)‐balanol and all of its stereoisomers starting from easily available Garner aldehydes are described. Diastereoselective Grignard reactions on Garner aldehydes and ring‐closing metatheses are the key steps for the construction of hexahydroazepine subunits. The benzophenone subunits were constructed through coupling of suitably functionalized aromatic aldehyde and bromo components. The synthetic route constitutes a convenient and scalable reaction sequence to generate all of the stereoisomers of balanol. The methodology is explored further for the synthesis of N‐tosyl analogues of balanol and of fully protected ophiocordin.
Reactivity of Silole within a Core‐Modified Porphyrin Environment: Synthesis of 21‐Silaphlorin and its Conversion to Carbacorrole
Authors: Skonieczny Janusz , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław , Szterenberg Ludmiła
Published: April 2008

Condensation of 1,1‐dimethyl‐3,4‐diphenyl‐2,5‐bis(p‐tolylhydroxymethyl)silole with pyrrole and p‐tolylaldehyde did not form the expected 21,21‐dimethyl‐2,3‐diphenyl‐5,10,15,20‐tetra(p‐tolyl)‐21‐silaporphyrin, but rather its reduced derivative, 21‐silaphlorin, which contains a tetrahedrally hybridised C5 carbon atom. Attempts to trap 21‐silaporphyrin resulted in the serendipitous discovery of a unique transformation of 21‐silaphlorin into a non‐aromatic isomer of 2,3‐diphenyl‐5,10,15,21‐tetra(p‐tolyl)‐carbacorrole (iso‐carbacorrole). This novel carbaporphyrinoid contains a cyclopentadiene ring embedded in a tripyrrolic framework. This transformation of 21‐silaphlorin to iso‐carbacorrole, carried out under oxidative conditions, involves extrusion of dimethylsilylene accompanied by migration of the Cmeso‐(p‐tolyl) unit to create a cyclopentadiene ring directly linked to the adjacent pyrrole through a tetrahedral carbon atom. Insertion of silver or copper ions into iso‐carbacorrole gave two structurally related organometallic complexes of “true” carbacorrole in which the metal(III) ions are bound by three pyrrolic nitrogen atoms and a tetrahedrally hybridised C21 atom of the cyclopentadiene moiety. In the presence of oxygen, the silver(III) carbacorrole undergoes internal oxidation to 21‐oxacorrole. The structure of silver(III) carbacorrole was determined by X‐ray crystallography. The C21 atom was found to have a tetrahedral geometry. The AgC(sp3) (2.046(5) Å) bond length is similar to that in silver(III) carbaporphyrinoids in which a trigonal carbon atom coordinates to the metal ion. Density functional theory was applied to model the molecular and electronic structure of 21‐silaphlorin and feasible isomers of carbacorrole. The total energies (kcal mol−1 vs. iso‐carbacorrole), calculated at the B3LYP/6‐31G**//B3LYP/6‐31G* level for carbacorrole, iso‐carbacorrole, vacataporphyrin and cyclobutadienephlorin, demonstrate the energetic preference for iso‐carbacorrole.
High Catalytic Activities of Artificial Peroxidases Based on Supramolecular Hydrogels That Contain Heme Models
Authors: Wang Qigang , Yang Zhimou , Ma Manlung , Chang Chi K. , Xu Bing
Published: April 2008

Composed of a supramolecular hydrogel and a heme model compound, a new type of artificial peroxidase shows high catalytic activity in organic media. The activity of this new type of artificial enzyme is significantly higher than that of the heme model compounds alone. Changes in the distal substituents above the coordinated‐metal centers of the model compounds directly modulate catalytic activity. This supramolecular‐hydrogel‐based artificial enzyme is most active in toluene, reaching about 90 % of the nascent activity of horseradish peroxidase. Moreover, this study confirms that the incorporation of the heme models into the nanofibers of gelators accounts for most of the enhancement of catalytic activity.
Controlled Direct Synthesis of C‐Mono‐ and C‐Disubstituted Derivatives of [3,3′‐Co(1,2‐C2B9H11)2]− with Organosilane Groups: Theoretical Calculations Compared with Experimental Results
Authors: Juárez‐Pérez Emilio José , Viñas Clara , González‐Campo Arántzazu , Teixidor Francesc , Sillanpää Reijo , Kivekäs Raikko , Núñez Rosario
Published: April 2008

Mono‐ and dilithium salts of [3,3′‐Co(1,2‐C2B9H11)2]−, (1−), react with different chlorosilanes (Me2SiHCl, Me2SiCl2, Me3SiCl and MeSiHCl2) with an accurate control of the temperature to give a set of novel Cc‐mono‐ (Cc=Ccluster) and Cc‐disubstituted cobaltabis(dicarbollide) derivatives with silyl functions: [1‐SiMe2H‐3,3′‐Co(1,2‐C2B9H10)(1′,2′‐C2B9H11)]− (3−); [1,1′‐μ‐SiMe2‐3,3′‐Co(1,2‐C2B9H10)2]− (4−); [1,1′‐μ‐SiMeH‐3,3′‐Co(1,2‐C2B9H10)2]− (5−); [1‐SiMe3‐3,3′‐Co(1,2‐C2B9H10)(1′,2′‐C2B9H11)]− (6−) and [1,1′‐(SiMe3)2‐3,3′‐Co(1,2‐C2B9H10)2]− (7−). In a similar way, the [8,8′‐μ‐(1′′,2′′‐C6H4)‐1,1′‐μ‐SiMe2‐3,3′‐Co(1,2‐C2B9H9)2]− (8−); [8,8′‐μ‐(1′′,2′′‐C6H4)‐1,1′‐μ‐SiMeH‐3,3′‐Co(1,2‐C2B9H9)2]− (9−) and [8,8′‐μ‐(1′′,2′′‐C6H4)‐1‐SiMe3‐3,3′‐Co(1,2‐C2B9H9)(1′,2′‐C2B9H10)]− (10−) ions have been prepared from [8,8′‐μ‐(1′′,2′′‐C6H4)‐3,3′‐Co(1,2‐C2B9H10)2]− (2−). Thus, depending on the chlorosilane, the temperature and the stoichiometry of nBuLi used, it has been possible to control the number of substituents on the Cc atoms and the nature of the attached silyl function. All compounds were characterised by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry; [NMe4]‐3, [NMe4]‐4 and [NMe4]‐7 were successfully isolated in crystalline forms suitable for X‐ray diffraction analyses. The 4− and 8− ions, which contain one bridging ‐μ‐SiMe2 group between each of the dicarbollide clusters, were unexpectedly obtained from the reaction of the monolithium salts of 1− and 2−, respectively, with Me2SiHCl at −78 °C in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane. This suggests that an intramolecular reaction has taken place, in which the acidic CcH proton reacts with the hydridic SiH, with subsequent loss of H2. Some aspects of this reaction have been studied by using DFT calculations and have been compared with experimental results. In addition, DFT theoretical studies at the B3 LYP/6‐311G(d,p) level of theory were applied to optimise the geometries of ions 1−–10− and calculate their relative energies. Results indicate that the racemic mixtures, rac form, are more stable than the meso isomers. A good concordance between theoretical studies and experimental results has been achieved.
New M3N@C2n Endohedral Metallofullerene Families (M=Nd, Pr, Ce; n=40–53): Expanding the Preferential Templating of the C88 Cage and Approaching the C96 Cage
Authors: Chaur Manuel N. , Melin Frederic , Elliott Bevan , Kumbhar Amar , Athans Andreas J. , Echegoyen Luis
Published: April 2008

Three new families of trimetallic nitride template endohedral metallofullerenes (TNT EMFs), based on cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium clusters, were synthesized by vaporizing packed graphite rods in a conventional Krätschmer–Huffman arc reactor. Each of these families of metallofullerenes was identified and characterized by mass spectroscopy, HPLC, UV/Vis‐NIR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The mass spectra and HPLC chromatograms show that these larger metallic clusters are preferentially encapsulated by a C88 cage. When the size of the cluster is increased, the C96 cage is progressively favored over the predominant C88 cage. It is also observed that the smaller cages (C80–C86) almost disappear on going from neodymium to cerium endohedral metallofullerenes. The UV/Vis‐NIR spectra and cyclic voltammograms confirm the low HOMO–LUMO gap and reversible electrochemistry of these M3N@C88 metallofullerenes.
Organic–Inorganic Nanohybrids through the Direct Tailoring of Semiconductor Nanocrystals with Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Lin Zhiqun
Published: April 2008

Two main synthetic strategies are used to prepare conjugated oligomer‐ or polymer‐nanocrystal nanohybrids. In the first strategy ligand exchange is invoked to either replace with a bifunctional ligand, which contains a second functional group for coupling with conjugated oligomers or polymers (COs or CPs), or exchange for the functionalized COs or CPs in a “grafting‐onto” process. Alternatively, in the second strategy the nanocrystal (NC) is passivated with functional ligands from which COs or CPs are directly grown in the absence of ligand exchange. The well‐defined interface between the COs or CPs and NCs facilitates an efficient charge‐transfer between them.
Efficient Synthesis of Methylenetetrahydrofurans and Methylenepyrrolidines by Formal [3+2] Cycloadditions of Propargyl Substrates
Authors: Yamazaki Shoko
Published: April 2008

Recent developments concerning the synthesis of methylenetetrahydrofurans and methylenepyrrolidines by one‐pot formal [3+2] cycloadditions involving propargylic (and allylic) alcohols and amines with electrophilic alkenes are described. The synthetic methods provide powerful tools to prepare highly functionalized oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐containing five‐membered ring systems. The reactions can be effectively promoted by base, base/transition metals, and Lewis acids, depending on the substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Study of Binding Interactions and Vibrational Raman Spectra of Water in Hydrogen‐Bonded Anionic Complexes: (H2O)n‐ (n = 2 and 3), H2O×××X‐ (X: F, Cl, Br, and I), and H2O×××M‐ (M: Cu, Ag, and Au).
Authors: Wu De‐Yin , Duan Sai , Liu Xiu‐Min , Xu Yong‐Chun , Jiang Yu‐Xiong , Ren Bin , Xu Xin , Lin S. H. , Tian Zhong‐Qun
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Stabilities of Monoclinic Oxoborates LaB3O6 and GdB3O6 in C121 and I12/a1 Phase—Energetics and Chemical Bonds Derived from First‐Principles Calculations.
Authors: Yang Jun , Dolg Michael
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Thorium Bis(hydrogenphosphate) Monohydrate.
Authors: Salvado Miguel A. , Pertierra Pilar , Castro German R. , Trobajo Camino , Garcia Jose R.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicolor Tuning of (Ln, P)‐Doped YVO4 Nanoparticles by Single‐Wavelength Excitation.
Authors: Wang Feng , Xue Xuejia , Liu Xiaogang
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Time‐Resolved Laser‐Induced Luminescence of UV—Vis Emission of Nd3+ in Fluorite, Scheelite and Barite.
Authors: Gaft M. , Reisfeld R. , Panczer G. , Dimova M.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 151Eu and 121Sb Moessbauer Spectroscopy of EuSbSe3 and EuBiSe3.
Authors: Schappacher Falko M. , Poettgen Rainer , Jin Geng Bang , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Decomposition of Nitric Oxide into Nitrogen and Oxygen over C‐Type Cubic Y2O3—ZrO2 Solid Solutions.
Authors: Masaki Hiroyuki , Masui Toshiyuki , Imanaka Nobuhito
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of QD‐3: The First Organically Templated Aluminoborate with 11‐, 12‐, and 14‐Ring Intersecting Channels.
Authors: Wang Guo‐Ming , Li Jin‐Hua , Li Zeng‐Xin , Huang Hai‐Lan , Xue Shu‐Yun , Liu Hui‐Luan
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium Rich Rare Earth (RE) Borates K3RE(BO3)2.
Authors: Gao J. H. , Li R. K.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Octahedral Coordination Compounds of the Ni, Pd, Pt Triad
Authors: Kirchmann Marius , Eichele Klaus , Schappacher Falko M. , Poettgen Rainer , Wesemann Lars
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Incorporation of Platinum(IV) into Polyoxometalate Frameworks: Preparation of [H2Pt(IV)V9O28]5‐ and Chararacterization by 195Pt NMR Spectroscopy.
Authors: Lee Uk , Joo Hea‐Chung , Park Ki‐Min , Mal Sib Sankar , Kortz Ulrich , Keita Bineta , Nadjo Louis
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Benzimidazole‐Pyrrolidine Derivatives and Their Application in Organocatalytic Aldol and Michael Addition Reactions.
Authors: Reddy K. Rajender , Krishna G. Gopi , Rajasekhar C. V.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isochroman and Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives from Baylis—Hillman Adducts by Radical Cyclization.
Authors: Gowrisankar Saravanan , Lee Hyun Seung , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Secondary Benzylic Alcohols to Ketones by Activated Carbon—Molecular Oxygen System.
Authors: Sano Yuki , Tanaka Takanori , Hayashi Masahiko
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Tosyl Deprotection During Osmium Catalyzed Dihydroxylation.
Authors: Batt Frederic , Piva Olivier , Fache Fabienne
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sm/HOAc/EtOH System Mediated Reduction of Baylis—Hillman Acetates.
Authors: Liu Yunkui , Mao Dajie , Xu Danqian , Xu Zhenyuan , Zhang Yongmin
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Reactions in Aqueous Medium Using (Me3Si)3SiH.
Authors: Postigo Al , Kopsov Sergey , Ferreri Carla , Chatgillialoglu Chryssostomos
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.