ELIMINASI Potyvirus PENYEBAB PENYAKIT MOSAIK PADA TANAMAN NILAM DENGAN KULTUR MERISTEM APIKAL DAN PERLAKUAN AIR PANAS PADA SETEK BATANG
Authors: NOVERIZA RITA , SUASTIKA GEDE , HIDAYAT SRI HENDRASTUTI , KARTOSUWONDO UTOMO 
Published: June 2020

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Minyak nilam merupakan salah satu bahan baku parfum multifungsi<br />yang bernilai tinggi. Budidaya dan pengembangan tanaman nilam<br />terkendala oleh serangan Potyvirus yang menyebabkan penyakit mosaik.<br />Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan benih nilam bebas virus<br />dengan metode kultur meristem apikal dan perlakuan air panas pada setek<br />batang. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai Januari sampai Desember 2010 di<br />Laboratorium Virologi Tumbuhan, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Rumah<br />Kasa Hama dan Penyakit, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik<br />(Balittro) di Bogor. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah tiga varietas<br />nilam (Sidikalang, Lhokseumawe, Tapak Tuan). Penelitian terdiri atas (1)<br />Eliminasi Potyvirus pada tanaman nilam menggunakan kultur meristem<br />apikal dan (2) Eliminasi Potyvirus pada setek batang nilam dengan<br />perlakuan air panas. Percobaan pertama disusun menggunakan rancangan<br />acak lengkap dengan perlakuan 3 varietas nilam dan 2 tipe eksplan<br />(meristem apikal dan batang terminal), dan diulang 10 kali. Parameter<br />yang diamati adalah persentase pertumbuhan, waktu inisiasi, tinggi, dan<br />warna tunas, serta persentase tanaman yang terinfeksi Potyvirus.<br />Percobaan kedua menggunakan air panas pada tiga tingkatan suhu (50, 55,<br />dan 60 o C) dan tingkatan waktu perendaman (10, 20, dan 30 menit).<br />Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 10<br />perlakuan dan 10 ulangan. Tanaman nilam dipelihara selama 8 minggu dan<br />dilakukan pengamatan tinggi setek yang tumbuh dan daun yang bergejala<br />mosaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman nilam, yang<br />diperbanyak dari kultur meristem apikal ukuran 0,5-1 mm, menghasilkan<br />33,3-99,9% tanaman bebas virus. Perendaman setek batang nilam di dalam<br />air panas pada suhu 50-60 o C selama 10-30 menit tidak dapat<br />mengeliminasi Potyvirus yang menginfeksi ketiga varietas nilam yang<br />diuji. Setek batang nilam varietas Tapak Tuan dan Lhokseumawe lebih<br />toleran terhadap air panas dibandingkan Sidikalang tetapi daya tumbuhya<br />semakin menurun seiring semakin lama waktu perendaman. Teknik kultur<br />meristem apikal berpotensi untuk menghasilkan setek nilam yang bebas<br />virus.<br />Kata kunci : kultur meristem apikal, perlakuan air panas, Pogostemon<br />cablin, Potyvirus</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Patchouli oil produced by patchouli plant is one of multifunctioning<br />perfume’s raw materials and has high economic value. One important<br />constraint during its cultivation is infection by Potyvirus causing serious<br />mosaic disease. This study was conducted to develop a technique to<br />produce virus-free cutting seeds using apical meristem culture and hot<br />water treatment on stem cutting. The study was carried out from January to<br />December 2010 in Plant Virology Laboratory of Bogor Agricultural<br />University and Pest and Diseases screen house of Indonesian Medicinal<br />and Aromatic Crops Research Institute (Balittro) in Bogor. Three varieties<br />of patchouli plant, i.e. Sidikalang, Lhokseumawe, and Tapak Tuan, were<br />used in this study. The study consisted of (1) Elimination Potyvirus in<br />cuttings of patchouli through apical meristem culture and (2) Elimination<br />Potyvirus in stem cuttings of patchouli with hot water treatment. The first<br />experiment was arranged using completely randomized design with<br />treatments of three patchouli varieties and two explant types (apical<br />meristem and stem terminal), and it was replicated 10 times. Parameters<br />observed were bud growth percentage, initiation time, height, and color,<br />and also percentage of plant infected by Potyvirus. The second experiment<br />applied hot water at three temperature levels (50, 55, and 60 o C) and<br />submersion periods (10, 20, and 30 minutes). It was arranged using<br />randomized complete design, consisting of 10 treatments with 10 plants<br />for each treatment. The patchouli plants were maintained for 8 weeks and<br />observations were made for height of growing cuttings and leaves with<br />mosaic symptoms. The results showed that the patchouli plants propagated<br />from apical meristem culture of 0.5-1 mm in sizes yielded 33.3-99.9%<br />virus-free plants. Submersion of patchouli stem cutting seeds in hot water<br />of 50-60 o C and soaking period of 10-30 minutes could not eliminated the<br />infecting Potyvirus on patchouli the three tested varieties. Cutting seeds of<br />Lhokseumawe and Tapak Tuan varieties were more tolerant to hot water<br />than Sidikalang one. However, their ability to grow decreased in line with<br />longer submersion time period. Apical meristem culture technique is<br />potential to produce virus-free cutting seeds of patchouli.<br />Key words: apical meristem culture, hot water treatment, Pogostemon<br />cablin, Potyvirus</p>