bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visible‐Light Harvesting with Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes Having Long‐Lived 3IL Excited States and Their Application in Triplet–Triplet‐Annihilation Based Upconversion
Authors: Sun Jifu , Wu Wanhua , Guo Huimin , Zhao Jianzhang
Published: June 2011

Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with intense absorption in the visible region (ϵ = 70920 M–1 cm–1 at 466 nm) were prepared by incorporating light‐harvesting coumarin into the diimine ligand (for comparison: ϵ = 7030 M–1 cm–1 at 371 nm for the model diimine complex without light‐harvesting ability). The complexes feature long‐lived intraligand triplet excited states (3IL, supported by spin density analysis of the triplet state). At room temperature, lifetimes, τT, are up to 75.5 μs, as determined by nanosecond time‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. Despite the weak phosphorescence (ΦP = 0.6–0.7 %) observed for the complexes, the triplet excited state (T1) was demonstrated to be efficiently populated upon photoexcitation, by using the complexes as triplet sensitizers in triplet–triplet‐annihilation (TTA) upconversion (upconversion quantum yields, ΦUC, are up to 23.4 %). We propose that weakly phosphorescent or even nonphosphorescent transition metal complexes can be used as triplet sensitizers for TTA upconversion, instead of the currently used phosphorescent complexes. Our design of the light‐harvesting IrIII complexes will be helpful for the preparation of transition metal complexes with intense absorption of visible light and long‐lived triplet excited states, which are suitable for applications in areas such as photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and upconversion.
A New Synthesis of 3‐(Sulfonamido)benzofurans through an Acid‐Promoted Cascade Reaction of N‐(2,2‐Dichloro‐2‐phenylethylidene)arenesulfonamides with para‐Substituted Phenols
Authors: Rozentsveig Igor B. , Rozentsveig Gulnur N. , Serykh Valeriy Yu. , Chernyshev Kirill A. , Levkovskaya Galina G.
Published: June 2011

2‐Phenyl‐3‐(sulfonamido)benzofurans are produced in a cascade reaction of N‐(2,2‐dichloro‐2‐phenylethylidene)arenesulfonamides with para‐substituted phenols in the presence of the superacid H2SO4/P4O10 system.
First Synthesis of the Pyrano‐Naphthoquinone Lactone (–)‐Arizonin C1
Authors: Mahlau Manuel , Fernandes Rodney A. , Brückner Reinhard
Published: June 2011

Pyrano‐naphthoquinones fused to a γ‐lactone ring are structurally and biologically interesting natural products. We have accomplished an enantioselective synthesis of (–)‐arizonin C1 (2d) in nine steps. We employed the Sharpless dihydroxylation of β,γ‐unsaturated ester 9d as a highly enantioselective (>99 % ee) access to the γ‐lactone intermediate 7d. Oxa‐Pictet–Spengler cyclization, oxidation, and epimerization as expected led to the conversion of 7d into 2d. The pentasubstituted naphthalene precursor 14 of ester 9d was obtained by Dötz benzannulation.
Glycoproteomic analysis and molecular modeling of haptoglobin multimers
Authors: Boonyapranai Kongsak , Tsai Hsien‐Yu , Chen Miles Chih‐Ming , Sriyam Supawadee , Sinchaikul Supachok , Phutrakul Suree , Chen Shui‐Tien
Published: June 2011

Extra‐thiol groups on the α‐subunit allow haptoglobin (Hp) to form a variety of native multimers which influence the biophysical and biological properties of Hp. In this work, we demonstrated how differences of multimeric conformation alter the glycosylation of Hp. The isoform distributions of different multimers were examined by an alternative approach, i.e. 3‐D‐(Native/IEF/SDS)‐PAGE, which revealed differences in N‐glycosylation among individual multimers of the same Hp sample. Glycomic mapping of permethylated N‐glycan indicated that the assembled monomer and multimeric conformation modulate the degree of glycosylation, especially the reduction in terminal sialic acid residues on the bi‐antennary glycan. Loss of the terminal sialic acid in the higher order multimers increases the number of terminal galactose residues, which may contribute to conformation of Hp. A molecular model of the glycosylated Hp multimer was constructed, suggesting that the effect of steric hindrance on multimeric formation is critical for the enlargement of the glycan moieties on either side of the monomer. In addition, N241 of Hp was partially glycosylated, even though this site is unaffected by steric consideration. Thus, the present study provides evidence for the alteration of glycan structures on different multimeric conformations of Hp, improving our knowledge of conformation‐dependent function of this glycoprotein.
Design and synthesis of new fluorescent probe for rapid and highly sensitive detection of proteins via electrophoretic gel stain
Authors: Suzuki Yoshio , Takagi Nobuyuki , Chimuro Tomoyuki , Shinohara Atsushi , Sakaguchi Nao , Hiratsuka Atsunori , Yokoyama Kenji
Published: June 2011

A new fluorescent molecular probe, 2,2′‐(1E,1′E)‐2,2′‐(4‐(dicyanomethylene)‐4H‐pyrane‐2,6‐diyl)bis(ethene‐2,1‐diyl)bis(sodium benzenesulfonate) salt (1), possessing the cyanopyranyl moieties and two benzene sulfonic acid groups was designed and synthesized to detect proteins in solution and for high‐throughput SDS‐PAGE. Compound 1 exhibited no fluorescence in the absence of proteins; however, it exhibited strong fluorescence on the addition of bovine serum albumin as a result of intramolecular charge transfer. Compared with the conventional protocols for in‐gel protein staining, such as SYPRO Ruby and silver staining, 1 achieves higher sensitivity, even though it offers a simplified, higher throughput protocol. In fact, the total time required for protein staining was 60–90 min under optimum conditions much shorter than that required by the less‐sensitive silver staining or SYPRO Ruby staining protocols. Moreover, 1 was successfully applied to protein identification by mass spectrometry via in‐gel tryptic digestion, Western blotting, and native PAGE together with protein staining by 1, which is a modified protocol of blue native PAGE (BN‐PAGE). Thus, 1 may facilitate high‐sensitivity protein detection, and it may be widely applicable as a convenient tool in various scientific and medical fields.
Removal of N‐nitrosodimethylamine by ultraviolet treatment and anodizing TiO2 membrane processes
Authors: Kim Jong‐Oh , Jung Jong‐Tae , Kim Moonil , Lee Yong‐Woo , Chung Jinwook
Published: June 2011

N‐Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a disinfectant by‐product shown to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. The objective of this study is to compare NDMA removal efficiencies in water using conventional technologies (microfiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and UV treatment) and innovative hybrid technology, which combines UV treatment with anodizing TiO2 membrane (UV/A‐Ti‐M) technology. In the UV/A‐Ti‐M photoreaction, the affecting factors such as UV intensity, the initial concentration of NDMA, and initial pHs were investigated. Even though membrane processes were ineffective in removing NDMA compounds, UV irradiation used in combination with an anodizing TiO2 membrane were achieved to remove NDMA completely from water. When NDMA was decomposed by UV/A‐Ti‐M process, dimethylamine yield increased and methylamine yield decreased with an increase in initial NDMA concentration. The successful removal of NDMA was specific to acidic conditions (pH 4–6). UV/A‐Ti‐M process is useful and powerful tools to remove NDMA in water. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Comparative toxicology of mercurials in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: McElwee Matthew K , Freedman Jonathan H
Published: June 2011

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal that can exist in multiple chemical species. Humans are commonly exposed to methylmercury and Hg vapor, which are converted to mercuric species in the body. Despite years of research, little information exists on the similarities and differences in the mechanisms of Hg toxicity. The relative toxicity of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) and methylmercury chloride (MeHgCl) in Caenorhabditis elegans was determined in assays that measured growth, feeding, reproduction, and locomotion. The effect of HgCl2 and MeHgCl on the expression of several archetypal stress-response genes was also determined. There was no significant difference between the EC50s of the two mercurials in terms of C. elegans growth. However, MeHgCl was more toxic to C. elegans than HgCl2 when assessing feeding, movement, and reproduction, all of which require proper neuromuscular activity. Methylmercury chloride exposure resulted in increased steady-state levels of the stress response genes at lower concentrations than HgCl2. In general, MeHgCl was more toxic to C. elegans than HgCl2, particularly when assaying behaviors that require neuromuscular function. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2135–2141. © 2011 SETAC
Innovative Hybrid Cycle Solid Oxide Fuel Cell‐Inverted Gas Turbine with CO2 Separation
Authors: Facchinetti E. , Favrat D. , Marechal F.
Published: June 2011

Decentralized power generation and cogeneration of heat and power is an attractive way toward a more rational conversion of fossil or biofuel. In small‐scale power production fuel cell–gas turbine hybrid cycles are an emerging candidate to reach higher or comparable efficiency than large‐scale power plants. The present contribution introduces an innovative concept of hybrid cycle that allows targeting high efficiency together with carbon dioxide separation and maintaining the fuel cell operating under atmospheric condition. The system consists in a planar module of solid oxide fuel cell operating at atmospheric pressure, an oxy‐combustion unit, and two separated gas turbine units driven in an inverted Brayton cycle. A thermodynamic optimization approach, based on the system energy integration, is used to analyze several design options. Optimization results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid system enables higher energy conversion efficiency with respect to an equivalent state of the art pressurized hybrid system, whilst avoiding fuel cell pressurization technical problems, and enabling the carbon dioxide separation. The potential of designs achieving 80% First Law efficiency is shown.
Classification of upper lateral body shapes for the apparel industry
Authors: Choi Young Lim , Nam Yun Ja
Published: June 2011

The lateral body shape is a critical determiner of the fit of garments. Either visual assessment or statistical analysis methods have been used to classify the lateral body types. These methods are limited to some extent since various anthropometric features inherently coexist and interact in a human body shape. This study aims to develop objective criteria for the classification of upper lateral body shapes integrating visual assessment and statistical analysis. The three‐dimensional scan data of 246 women between 18 and 49 years old were visually classified into four lateral body shapes by an expert panel. In addition, the back space and lateral angles extracted from the scan data were employed for further statistical analyses. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to develop logit models for lateral body types. It was concluded that the resulting logit models could classify lateral body types and calculate the probability of a set of body scan data being classified as a certain lateral body type. It is expected that this probability might be a guideline to quantify the characteristics of the lateral body shape in the apparel industry. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using discrete event simulation to model excavator operator performance
Authors: Hughes Khaliah , Jiang Xiaochun
Published: June 2011

The traditional design process of fluid power systems such as hydraulic excavators has placed much emphasis on technical performance rather than human components. This research aims to develop human‐performance models to assess operator performance and human interaction during excavation processes. Task analysis, time studies, and statistical distributions were developed into task‐network models and imbedded into four Micro Saint simulation models with regard to various expertise and control types. An empirical study was conducted using the simulation models. Results indicated that both expertise and control type had a significant impact on operator performance, resulting in both time and consistency differences at various points during excavation processes. Models also revealed implications of operator fatigue leading to stress for the operator. Recommendations suggest that designers consider the placement of controls and measures to reduce operator workload for better performance in future systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A systematic framework for evaluating design concepts of a new product
Authors: Lee Chai‐Woo , Suh Youngbo , Kim In Ki , Park Ji‐Hyung , Yun Myung Hwan
Published: June 2011

This study aims to suggest a systematic framework to evaluate design concepts for a new product at the concept‐development phase. It focuses especially on evaluating design concepts based on user requirements and implicit tasks, defining trends in technology alternatives, and relating users' perceived value to product functionality. The potential user needs and functional requirements were identified through scenario‐based analysis and hierarchical task analysis. Technology alternatives were also investigated to support users in performing the required tasks effectively and efficiently. For a quantifiable evaluation measure, customer‐perceived value (CPV) attributes were used to evaluate the benefits and costs of the current design concept as compared to perceived alternatives. A case study was conducted to evaluate the design concepts of a new computer‐supported cooperative work (CSCW)‐based system with a tangible user interface, which was designed to support group decision‐making activities, such as business meetings. At the concept‐development phase, engineering specifications are not determined, and cost cannot be precisely estimated. Thus, while we dealt with design‐concept evaluation, we had no choice but to exclude cost attributes, such as monetary expenditure. It is still expected that our framework would be effective in incorporating user‐centered design perspectives early in the process of new product development. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting visual fatigue in integrated circuit packaging plants
Authors: Lin Jhih‐Tsong , Liang Guo‐Feng , Hwang Sheue‐Ling , Wang Eric Min‐yang
Published: June 2011

In the reworking department of integrated circuit (IC) production, both inspection and repair are visual tasks, and reworking operators frequently complain about eyestrain problems that lead to human error and a low yield rate. In this study, we evaluate the relationship between the operators' visual fatigue and actual defect data gathered from May to June 2008 and find a positive relationship between visual fatigue and the number of defects. To prevent eyestrain overload, we develop a visual fatigue prediction model using as significant predictors working time, rest time, number of inspections, number of repairs, and task difficulty. After the model was implemented in a real workplace, both visual comfort and yield rate improved. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multichannel surface electromyography in ergonomics: Potentialities and limits
Authors: Gazzoni Marco
Published: June 2011

The prevention of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders is one of the main goals in ergonomics. Among others, surface electromyography (sEMG) is an important tool for the evaluation of risks related to work activity. Three main issues have been approached in ergonomics via sEMG: 1) the analysis of muscle activation, 2) the analysis of exerted forces and torques, and 3) the analysis of muscle fatigue. Many studies have been carried out in static conditions. In ergonomics, however, it is more relevant to study muscle activity and fatigue during real tasks that are, in general, dynamic. From isometric to dynamic contractions, the complexity of the interpretation of sEMG signals increases considerably. Changes in sEMG signals are related to the continuous modifications in force output, muscle fiber length, and relative position of surface electrodes and sources. To increase the reliability of the information extracted from sEMG, multichannel detection systems have been applied, showing the possibility of overcoming some limits of the standard technique. Some illustrative laboratory and field studies are reported in this work to illustrate the potentialities and the open problems in the use of multichannel sEMG in ergonomics. Case 1 is a laboratory study investigating the myoelectric manifestations of fatigue in the biceps brachii (BB) during dynamic elbow flexion/extension. Case 2 is a laboratory study investigating the myoelectric manifestations of fatigue during a repetitive lifting task. Case 3 is a field study, carried out in an automotive plant, investigating muscle activation during the welding of a car door. Many factors play a leading role in the correct interpretation of information provided by sEMG. Even though multichannel sEMG provides information able to improve the estimation of force and/or fatigue during working tasks, many problems related to the signal acquisition and interpretation are still open. Further improvements are necessary to develop multichannel sEMG into an effective tool supporting other methodologies for the evaluation of work‐related risks. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychosocial risk exposures and musculoskeletal disorders across working‐age males and females
Authors: Collins John , O'Sullivan Leonard
Published: June 2011

In 2008, The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU‐OSHA) reported that musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) were the most common work‐related health problem in Europe. Females are considered more susceptible to MSDs than are males, and older workers are more vulnerable than are younger workers. Factors specific to the job, work organization, and individual have been implicated as potential risk factors, with current interest focusing on psychosocial risk factors and the pathology of disorders. Although there is some disagreement in the literature, there is growing support that, after controlling for exposure, females have a predisposition to MSDs. More is known of the role of psychosocial risks in MSD etiology, but it is unclear if there are differences in exposures across gender and age and if this has a resultant effect on injury rates. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MSDs and trends with psychosocial risks, across age and gender. The study group consisted of 200 female and 132 male employees from varied occupations within Ireland, ranging from age 18–66 years. The most prevalent symptoms of MSDs were for the lower back, shoulder, and neck regions. Age and gender differences in prevalence were evident for these regions. There was a general trend for increasing prevalence with age. For the psychosocial risks, significant differences in job content exposures were observed across age groups for males (p < 0.05) and females (p < 0.0005). There were also differences in scores across the age groups for mental health (p < 0.0005) and insecurity at work (p < 0.0005) for the females. The conclusions are that there were not sufficiently strong differences in exposures to relevant psychosocial risks both between genders and across age for a resultant effect on MSDs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ergonomics risk assessment with digital human models in car assembly: Simulation versus real life
Authors: Fritzsche Lars
Published: June 2011

This study investigated how well ergonomics risk assessments on simulations with digital human models (DHM) match real‐life assessments obtained on a car assembly line. Two ergonomists evaluated 20 work tasks in real life and as a DHM simulation using a company‐specific version of the Automotive Assembly Worksheet (AAWS) for assessing static postures, action forces, manual material handling, and extra strains. Results demonstrate that DHM simulations provide good estimations of the workload in real‐life tasks. Additionally, significant correlations were found between AAWS risk assessments and subjectively perceived exertion measured on the Borg scale. Yet, there were also some significant differences in AAWS risk classification and AAWS total scores. DHM simulations appear helpful for reliably detecting static postures and extra strains, whereas action forces are harder to estimate than in real life. It is suggested that comprehensive methods such as AAWS should be incorporated in DHM software for enhancing efficiency and validity of digital ergonomics risk assessment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A tool for early workstation design for small and medium enterprises evaluated in five cases
Authors: Hallbeck M. Susan , Bosch Tim , Van Rhijn Gu (J. W.) , Krause Frank , de Looze Michiel P. , Vink Peter
Published: June 2011

Five case studies on production line design were described to study the effect of an early design support tool. Based on these case studies, the simple, interactive, real‐time, medium‐fidelity, mixed‐reality methodology was not only found to be a good early design stage evaluative tool for ergonomics and workflow, but a teaching tool as well. Despite some drawbacks, such as limited accuracy, mixed‐reality simulation appears to be a good compromise between cost and fidelity, especially for small to medium‐sized manufacturing enterprises, and gives important information on the layout focused on high efficiency and healthy postures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of force and exertion duration on duty cycle time: Implications for productivity
Authors: Finneran Aoife , O'Sullivan Leonard
Published: June 2011

Ergonomics has positive effects on both physical health and productivity, but estimating productivity benefits is difficult at the task design/redesign stage. Rest‐allowance prediction models are not suitable for repetitive, short‐cycle dynamic tasks, and methods–time measurement (MTM) techniques are limited in their suitability for considering ergonomics risk factors such as posture and force. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between force and exertion duration on self‐selected duty cycle time and discomfort. Twenty‐one participants completed repetitive, upper‐limb exertion treatments, each of a 10‐minute duration. Five levels of force (10, 20, 40, 65, and 80% maximum voluntary contraction [MVC]) and exertion period (1, 2, 4, 6.5, and 8 seconds) were investigated. The psychophysical adjustment method was used whereby participants self‐selected a work pace for the second half of each treatment. Duty cycle, derived from the self‐paced cycle time, was the measure of productivity effects in the experiment. Analysis of variance revealed a significant effect on duty cycle time for force, exertion period, and their interaction (each p < 0.0001). Friedman's test indicated a significant effect of force (p < 0.0001) and exertion period (p < 0.0001) on discomfort. Spearman's correlation analysis showed a strong correlation between discomfort and duty cycle time (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis was used to develop a predictive model for duty cycle time based on force and exertion period, and this was a good fit to the data (R2 = 0.98, p < 0.05). Profiles were generated presenting zones of acceptable self‐selected duty cycle times based on force and exertion duration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New generation of industrial manipulators based on ergonomic and haptic technologies
Authors: Levizzari Alessandro , Pardo Massimo Di , Luchetti Tommaso
Published: June 2011

This article shows an intelligent work assistant device that has been developed within the European Project called CyberManS. This device can be used in the car industry for welding automotive components to achieve the required flexibility without overloading the human worker. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neurons generated in senescence maintain capacity for functional integration
Authors: Marrone Diano F. , Ramirez‐Amaya Victor , Barnes Carol A.
Published: June 2011

Adult‐born neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) can survive for long periods, are capable of integrating into neuronal networks, and are important for hippocampus‐dependent learning. Neurogenesis is dramatically reduced during senescence, and it remains unknown whether those few neurons that are produced remain capable of network integration. The expression of Arc, a protein coupled to neuronal activity, was used to measure activity among granule cells that were labeled with BrdU 4 months earlier in young (9 months) and aged (25 months) Fischer344 rats. The results indicate that while fewer cells are generated in the senescent DG, those that survive are (a) more likely to respond to spatial processing by expressing Arc relative to the remainder of the granule cell population and (b) equally responsive to spatial exploration as granule cells of the same age from young animals. These findings provide compelling evidence that newborn granule cells in the aged DG retain the capacity for participation in functional hippocampal networks. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical course of patients with aplastic anemia or myelodysplastic syndrome associated with persistent neutropenia
Authors: Kako Shinichi , Nakasone Hideki , Endo Hiroshi , Sakamoto Kana , Ashizawa Masahiro , Sato Miki , Terasako Kiriko , Kikuchi Misato , Kimura Shun‐ichi , Okuda Shinya , Yamazaki Rie , Oshima Kumi , Tanihara Aki , Nishida Junji , Usuki Kensuke , Kanda Yoshinobu
Published: June 2011

Patients with aplastic anemia (AA) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) often have persistent severe neutropenia and are susceptible to infectious complications. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical course of patients with AA or MDS who had neutropenia (neutrophil count < 500/µl) for more than 25 days. A total of 46 patients, 11 with AA and 35 with MDS, were included. Twenty‐three patients had infectious events (IE), and the cumulative incidence of IE was 30% at 6 months and 51% at 1 year. The cumulative incidence of IE was 67% at 1 year in 30 patients who experienced very severe neutropenia of less than 200/µl. Overall survival in all patients was 76% at 6 months and 65% at 1 year. In a multivariate analysis, male sex, underlying diseases, and a neutrophil count of less than 200/µl as a time‐dependent covariate significantly affected IE. In analyses that excluded patients with AA, male sex was the only factor. In conclusion, severe neutropenia was significantly associated with IE in patients with AA or MDS, and IE might be lethal. When we only considered patients with MDS, the neutrophil count alone could not be used to predict the prognosis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical significance and prognosis of MYC translocation in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Hong Wei , Chen Zhen Wen , Li Su Hong , Bai Wei , Cheng Niu Liang , Wang Jin Fen
Published: June 2011

Recent studies have suggested that chromosomal aberrations of the MYC gene locus indicate an unfavorable prognosis in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, there have been few reports on MYC translocation in Chinese patients. One hundred and six cases of DLBCLs were analyzed using interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization. Immunophenotyping analysis (CD20, CD3, CD10, Bcl‐6, Mum‐1) was also performed. MYC translocation was identified in 13 (12.3%) out of 106 cases. All MYC+ DLBCLs showed a non‐germinal center B‐cell type. MYC+ DLBCLs showed significantly poorer overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival, with a median OS and progression‐free survival time of 4.7 and 3.2 months, respectively (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazard model confirmed that MYC+ (for OS, Hazards ratio 5.254; 95% CI, 2.354–11.723, p < 0.001) was the strongest independent predictor. DLBCL with MYC translocation is a subgroup of non‐germinal center B‐cell DLBCL with poor outcome. This may be a clinical characteristic that is specific to Chinese patients. Because only a few patients received rituximab, its usefulness could not be assessed. Future studies with larger numbers of patients are required. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of fibre‐optic distributed temperature sensing to traditional methods of evaluating groundwater inflow to streams
Authors: Briggs Martin A. , Lautz Laura K. , McKenzie Jeffrey M.
Published: June 2011

There are several methods for determining the spatial distribution and magnitude of groundwater inputs to streams. We compared the results of conventional methods [dye dilution gauging, acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) differential gauging, and geochemical end‐member mixing] to distributed temperature sensing (DTS) using a fibre‐optic cable installed along 900 m of Ninemile Creek in Syracuse, New York, USA, during low‐flow conditions (discharge of 1·4 m3 s−1). With the exception of differential gauging, all methods identified a focused, contaminated groundwater inflow and produced similar groundwater discharge estimates for that point, with a mean of 66·8 l s−1 between all methods although the precision of these estimates varied. ADV discharge measurement accuracy was reduced by non‐ideal conditions and failed to identify, much less quantify, the modest groundwater input, which was only 5% of total stream flow. These results indicate ambient tracers, such as heat and geochemical mixing, can yield spatially and quantitatively refined estimates of relatively modest groundwater inflow even in large rivers. DTS heat tracing, in particular, provided the finest spatial characterization of groundwater inflow, and may be more universally applicable than geochemical methods, for which a distinct and consistent groundwater end member may be more difficult to identify. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examining systematic errors in predictors of college student self‐reported gains
Authors: Bowman Nicholas A.
Published: June 2011

This chapter examines the extent to which using self‐reported gains as a proxy for longitudinal growth leads to systematic biases in institutional and individual predictors of college student outcomes.
Gauging academic growth of bachelor degree recipients: Longitudinal vs. self‐reported gains in general education
Authors: Herzog Serge
Published: June 2011

Using measures of longitudinal learning that are widely available to institutional researchers, this study found several important biases associated with learning gains self‐reported by university graduates.
Clearing the AIR about the use of self‐reported gains in institutional research
Authors: Gonyea Robert M. , Miller Angie
Published: June 2011

Correlations between self‐reported learning gains and direct, longitudinal measures that ostensibly correspond in content area are generally inadequate. This chapter clarifies that self‐reported measures of learning are more properly used and interpreted as evidence of students' perceived learning and affective outcomes. In this context, the authors supply evidence that social desirability bias in such self‐assessments does not constitute a significant concern. Recommendations for use of self‐reported gains in research and institutional assessment are discussed.
Trophic Ecology of Hyalella sp. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in a High Andes Headwater River with Travertine Deposits
Authors: Acosta Raúl , Prat Narcís
Published: June 2011

We studied the diet of 50 individuals of Hyalella sp. collected in the karstic headwaters of a high‐altitude Andean river (3817 m a.s.l. Peru) in four different habitats: macrophytes, bryophytes, leaf litter, and layers of travertine. The gut content analysis showed a dominance of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) in most habitats – layers of travertine (69.5%), Myriophylum (58.5%) and bryophytes (56.8%) – except for individuals collected in leaf litter where coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) represented 68% of gut content, which indicates a high trophic flexibility of Hyalella sp. Likewise, in an experiment with feeding chambers in situ during three days, twenty individuals of Hyalella sp. presented a higher consumption of leaf litter of native species (Polylepis sp.) (0.025 mg/day) than those of an introduced species (Eucalyptus globulus) (0.008 mg/day). (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Small‐Scale Distribution of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in Two Spring Fens with Different Groundwater Chemistry
Authors: Křoupalová Vendula , Bojková Jindřiška , Schenková Jana , Pařil Petr , Horsák Michal
Published: June 2011

We examined responses of macroinvertebrate assemblages to environmental and temporal variations along spring source‐spring brook transects in two fen habitats, sharply differing in groundwater chemistry, and compared the patterns among individual taxonomical groups. We hypothesised a different importance of environmental heterogeneity and seasonal changes primarily linked to strong tufa precipitation, which causes stronger environmental filtering in the calcareous fen. In concordance, we observed that assemblages of the more homogenous calcareous fen primarily changed over time, due to seasonal shifts in source availability and favourable conditions. Their spatial distribution was determined by the amount of CPOM, tufa crusts and temperature variation, but a substantial part of the assemblage exhibited spatial uniformity (Plecoptera, Clitellata, and especially Trichoptera and Diptera). The assemblages of the more heterogeneous Sphagnum ‐fen were primarily driven by water pH and substrate and the season was a notably weaker predictor. We found that different macroinvertebrate groups can display various responses to the measured variables shaping the overall pattern obtained based on the whole community. Further, greater environmental heterogeneity can result in temporally stable species distribution patterns even at very small spatial scales within a single site. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Comparative Study of Two Corbicula Morphs (Bivalvia, Corbiculidae) Inhabiting River Danube
Authors: Bódis Erika , Nosek János , Oertel Nándor , Tóth Bence , Fehér Zoltán
Published: June 2011

In Europe, at least two Corbicula morphs (generally referred as C. fluminea and C. fluminalis) are known. However, their taxonomic and systematic position is controversial. In order to ascertain their taxonomy and systematics, we studied their characteristics in River Danube. Morphometric analysis confirmed the existence of two distinguishable morphs. Based on mtCOI sequence, morph‐1 is identical to C. fluminea, while morph‐2 is an undefined species. According to the median joining analysis, morph‐1 belongs to the C. fluminea clade, whereas morph‐2 forms a distinct clade, which is known only from invasive populations. Differences were recorded in population structure and reproductive biology, too. It is probably correct to treat the two morphs as distinct taxa, but as long as the African and western Asian parts of the genus’ range are poorly studied, taxonomic position of morph‐2 remains unclear. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A proline rich acidic protein PRAP identified from uterine luminal fluid of estrous mice is able to enhance the estrogen responsiveness of Ishikawa cells
Authors: Hsieh Tsai‐Fu , Tseng Chia‐Jen , Tang Jyh‐Bing , Chen Yee‐Hsiung
Published: June 2011

Using mice as experimental animals, proteins in the uterine luminal fluid (ULF) from both adults and diethylstilbestrol dipropionate (DES)‐treated immature animals were resolved by 2D gel electrophoresis. Two of the protein spots, (a) and (b) around the positions of 18–20 kDa, in the adult ULF were not found in the DES‐treated ULF. Automated Edman degradation established the same N‐terminal sequences of AHQVPVKTKGKHVFP for the two protein spots. Two trypsin digests of spot (a) were analyzed using CID MS/MS to establish the peptide sequences DNQLGPLLPEPK and RPDAMTWVETEDILSHLR. These partial sequences were confirmed in the cDNA‐deduced mouse proline rich acidic protein (PRAP). Using human Ishikawa cell line as a surrogate endometrial model, we demonstrated rapid entrance of exogenous PRAP into the cells and its ability to enhance alkaline phosphatase activity of the E2‐stimulated cells. Further, the transcripts of five estrogen‐responsive genes, including ALPP (Placental alkaline phosphtase), ALPPL (placental alkaline phosphatase‐like 2), TGF (transforming growth factor), PR (progesterone receptor), and Wnt7a, were measured after the cell incubation in modified Eagle medium containing 0.1 nM E2, or 0–25 µM PRAP, or both together at 37°C for 48 h. As compared with the control, E2 alone increased the transcripts of ALPP, ALPPL, TGF‐α, and PR, and reduced the transcript of Wnt7a, whereas PRAP alone had a slight impact on their expression. E2 together with PRAP greatly increased the E2‐stimulated transcriptions of ALPP, ALPPL, TGF‐α, and PR, and markedly reduced the E2‐suppressed transcription of Wnt7a. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 3122–3128, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phytoglycoprotein (38 kDa) induces cell cycle (G0/G1) arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells
Authors: Lee Jin , Lim Kye‐Taek
Published: June 2011

Styrax japonicaSiebold et al Zuccarini (SJSZ) has been used to heal inflammation and bronchitis as folk medicine in Korea. Firstly, glycoprotein isolated from SJSZ (SJSZ glycoprotein) has a molecular weight with 38 kDa and consists of carbohydrate (57.64%) and protein (42.35%). In the composition of SJSZ glycoprotein, carbohydrate mostly consists of glucose (28.17%), galactose (21.85%), and mannose (2.62%) out of 52.64%, respectively. The protein consists of Trp (W, 7.01%), Pro (P, 6.72%), and Ile (I, 5.42%) out of 42.35% as three major amino acids, while total amount of other amino acids is 23.20%. The purpose of this study is to know whether the SJSZ glycoprotein (38 kDa) induces the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assay and amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) and nitric oxide (NO) was measured using fluorescence microplate reader. Activities of cell cycle‐related proteins [p53, p21, p27, Cyclin D1, and cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK)4] and apoptosis‐related factors [iNOS, Bid, Bcl‐2/bax, cytochromec, caspase‐9, caspase‐3, and poly‐(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP)] were assessed by Western blot and fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. In the cell cycle‐related proteins, SJSZ glycoprotein (50 µg/ml) significantly enhances the expression of p53, p21, and p27, whereas it suppressed the activity of cyclin D1/CDK4. In the apoptosis‐related factors, SJSZ glycoprotein (50 µg/ml) stimulates to increase iROS, and NO, to activate iNOS, Bid, Bcl‐2/bax, cytochromec, caspase‐9, caspase‐3, and PARP. SJSZ glycoprotein (50 µg/ml) has potent effect to arrest cell cycle from G0/G1to S and to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 3129–3139, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
shRNA‐mediated silencing of Gli2 gene inhibits proliferation and sensitizes human hepatocellular carcinoma cells towards TRAIL‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Liu Jianping , Wang Yang , Chen Jie , Chen Tao
Published: June 2011

Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been reported in various cancer types including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As a key effector of this signaling, Gli2 plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis, including the activation of genes encoding apoptosis inhibitors and cell‐cycle regulators. In this study, we examined the role of Gli2 proliferation and survival of HCC cells. First, the expression levels of Hh pathway components were detected in a subset of HCC cell lines. To establish the role of Gli2 in maintaining the tumorigenic properties of HCC cells, we developed small hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting Gli2 and transfected it into SMMC‐7721 cell, which was selected with high level of Hh signaling expression. Next, effects of Gli2 gene silencing, on cell proliferation and on the expression of cell cycle‐related proteins were evaluated, then, whether down‐regulation of Gli2 renders HCC cell susceptible to TRAIL was examined in vitro. Knockdown of Gli2 inhibited cell proliferation and induced G1 phase arrest of cell cycle in SMMC‐7721 cell through down‐regulation of cyclin D1, cyclinE2, and up‐regulation of p21‐WAF1. Also, Gli2 gene siliencing sensitized SMMC‐7721 cell to tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand‐induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the long and short isoform of c‐FLIP and Bcl‐2, and then augmented the activation of initiator caspases‐8/‐9 and effector caspases‐3, which induces PARP cleavage. In conclusion, our data suggest that Gli2 plays a predominant role in the proliferation and apoptosis resistance of HCC cells, and that knockdown of Gli2 may be a novel anticancer strategy for the treatment of HCC. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 3140–3150, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of scanner in longitudinal studies of brain volume changes
Authors: Takao Hidemasa , Hayashi Naoto , Ohtomo Kuni
Published: June 2011

Purpose:

To evaluate the effects of drift in scanner hardware and inter‐scanner variability on global and regional brain volume changes using longitudinal data obtained on two scanners of the exact same model.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 208 subjects (70 females and 138 males, mean age = 56.5 ± 10.1 years) were scanned twice, at an interval of approximately 2 years (mean interval = 1.9 ± 0.15 years), using two 3.0 Tesla (T) scanners of the exact same model. The subjects were divided into four groups according to the combination of scanners used. The effects of scanner drift and inter‐scanner variability on global and regional brain volume changes were evaluated using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and structural image evaluation using normalization of atrophy (SIENA).

Results:

The mean whole brain volume calculated using VBM increased by 17.2 ± 29.3 mL, and the changes were significantly different between groups. The mean percentage brain volume change (PBVC) calculated using SIENA was −0.46 ± 0.71 %, and did not differ between groups. VBM showed several regions with a significant increase or decrease in volume; however, SIENA showed that edge displacement values were negative in most regions.

Conclusion:

Even with scanners of the exact same model, scanner drift, and inter‐scanner variability can cancel out actual longitudinal brain volume change. SIENA, which corrects for differences in imaging geometry using the outer skull surface for both time points, can reduce the effects of scanner drift and inter‐scanner variability on longitudinal morphometric results. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patient‐oriented functional results of total femoral endoprosthetic reconstruction following oncologic resection
Authors: Jones Kevin B. , Griffin Anthony M. , Chandrasekar Coonoor R. , Biau David , Babinet Antoine , Deheshi Benjamin , Bell Robert S. , Grimer Robert J. , Wunder Jay S. , Ferguson Peter C.
Published: June 2011

Background and Objectives

Functional outcomes following oncologic total femoral endoprosthetic reconstruction (TFR) are lacking. We compared patient‐oriented functional results of TFRs to proximal femur and distal femur reconstructions (PFR and DFR). We also compared function and complications with regard to knee and hip componentry.

Methods

Fifty‐four TFR patients were identified from three institutional prospective databases. Forty‐one had fixed‐ and 13 had rotating‐hinge knees, 37 hemiarthroplasty and 17 total hip arthroplasty componentry. Toronto Extremity Salvage Scores (TESS) for n = 27 were compared between groups and to cohorts of PFR (n = 31) and DFR (n = 85) patients using the Mann–Whitney U‐test.

Results

Follow‐up averaged 4 years. Mechanical complications included five hip dislocations and one femoral malrotation. Four dislocations were in fixed‐hinge implants, all in those lacking abductor reattachment. TESS averaged 69.3 ± 17.8, statistically decreased from DFR (P = 0.002) and PFR patients (P = 0.036). No significant differences were detected between patients in the fixed‐hinge (n = 18) and rotating‐hinge (n = 9) groups (P = 0.944), or total hip (n = 8) and hemiarthroplasty (n = 19) groups (P = 0.633).

Conclusions

TFR is reserved for extreme cases of limb salvage, portending a poor prognosis overall. Function reflects additive impairments from PFR and DFR. TFR outcomes differ little with rotating‐ or fixed‐hinge, total hip or hemiarthroplasty implants. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:561–565. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Model for end-stage liver disease exceptions in the context of the french model for end-stage liver disease score–based liver allocation system
Authors: Francoz Claire , Belghiti Jacques , Castaing Denis , Chazouillères Olivier , Duclos-Vallée Jean-Charles , Duvoux Christophe , Lerut Jan , Le Treut Yves-Patrice , Moreau Richard , Mandot Ameet , Pageaux Georges , Samuel Didier , Thabut Dominique , Valla Dominique , Durand François
Published: June 2011

Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score–based allocation systems have been adopted by most countries in Europe and North America. Indeed, the MELD score is a robust marker of early mortality for patients with cirrhosis. Except for extreme values, high pretransplant MELD scores do not significantly affect posttransplant survival. The MELD score can be used to optimize the allocation of allografts according to a sickest first policy. Most often, patients with small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and low MELD scores receive extra points, which allow them appropriate access to transplantation comparable to the access of patients with advanced cirrhosis and high MELD scores. In addition to patients with advanced cirrhosis and HCC, patients with a number of relatively uncommon conditions have low MELD scores and a poor prognosis in the short term without transplantation but derive excellent benefits from transplantation. These conditions, which correspond to the so-called MELD score exceptions, justify the allocation of a specific score for appropriate access to transplantation. Here we report the conclusions of the French consensus meeting. The goals of this meeting were (1) to identify which conditions merit MELD score exceptions, (2) to list the criteria needed for defining each of these conditions, and (3) to define a reasonable time interval for organ allocation for each MELD exception in the general context of organ shortages. MELD exceptions were discussed in an attempt to reconcile the concepts of transparency, equity, justice, and utility. Liver Transpl 17:1137–1151, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
Optimization of the dosing regimen of mycophenolate mofetil in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Barau Caroline , Barrail-Tran Aurélie , Hemerziu Bogdan , Habes Dalila , Taburet Anne-Marie , Debray Dominique , Furlan Valérie
Published: June 2011

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is now commonly used in pediatric liver transplant recipients, but no clear recommendations about the dosing regimen have been made for this population. The aim of this study was to determine the MMF dosage required for pediatric liver transplant recipients to achieve an area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to 12 hours (AUC0-12) for mycophenolic acid (MPA) greater than 30 mg hour/L. A pharmacokinetic study of 15 children (median age = 8.3 years, range = 1.1-15.2 years) was performed at a median of 11.0 months (range = 0.5-88.0 months) after liver transplantation. MMF was initially introduced at a median starting dose of 300 mg/m2 twice a day (range = 186-554 mg/m2 twice a day). Thirteen of the 15 patients had an MPA AUC0-12 value less than 30 mg hour/L. The MMF dosage had to be increased in all patients except 1. The MMF dosage required to reach an MPA AUC0-12 value greater than the defined target of 30 mg hour/L ranged from 371 to 1014 mg/m2/day. For 2 patients who received rifampin in addition to MMF, the MPA AUC0-12 value remained low despite a 2-fold increase in the MMF dosage. In conclusion, an initial MMF dose of 600 mg/m2 twice a day led to MPA AUC0-12 values greater than the 30 mg hour/L threshold except when rifampin was coadministered. Because of the important interindividual variability of MPA pharmacokinetics, therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended for optimizing the daily MMF dosage. Furthermore, these results suggest that the coadministration of MPA with rifampin should be avoided. Liver Transpl 17:1152–1158, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.