bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POT1 tumour predisposition: a broader spectrum of associated malignancies and proposal for additional screening program
Authors: Baptista Freitas Marta , Desmyter Laurence , Badoer Cindy , Smits Guillaume , Vandernoot Isabelle , t´Kint de Roodenbeke Daphné
Published: June 2024

Protection of Telomeres Protein 1 (POT1) protein is an essential subunit of the shelterin telomere binding complex, regulating telomere length. Some POT1 gene pathogenic variants (PV) lead to telomere elongation, genomic instability and higher risk of cancer. POT1 tumour predisposition syndrome (POT1-TPD) has autosomal dominant inheritance and unknown penetrance. It is associated with increased risk of cutaneous melanoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, angiosarcoma and gliomas. In this work, we aim to describe a broader cancer phenotype related to POT1-TPD, in three families (two with a four generation pedigree, one with a five generation pedigree). The three index cases were referred to our oncogenetic centre for genetic counselling due to their personal history of cancer. Two underwent clinical exome sequencing of 4,867 genes associated with Mendelian genetic diseases, and another underwent gene panel sequencing including POT1, which identified three different POT1 PV: NC_000007.14(NM_015450.2):c.349C>T; NC_000007.14(NM_015450.2):c.233T>C and NC_000007.14(NM_015450.2):c.818G>A; already described in the literature. Referenced relatives, did a target genetic test (according to the POT1 PV identified in the family). In total, 37 individuals were tested (51.4% females), median age of 46 (22–81) years, with POT1 PV detected in 22. POT1-TPD was observed, but also a higher incidence of other cancers (other sarcomas, papillary thyroid cancer, early onset prostate cancer and leukaemia). These findings contribute to an increase in our knowledge about POT1 PV, and it can play a role in the definition of future POT1 PV screening criteria, POT1 carrier surveillance protocols (possibly considering screening for all types of sarcomas) and in genetic counselling.
Changes in post-transplant serum testosterone levels in men undergoing lung transplantation: a pilot study using the TriNetX Research Network
Authors: Thompson Austin , Omil-Lima Danly , Perez Jaime Abraham , Jesse Erin , Khera Mohit , Chavin Kenneth , Thirumavalavan Nannan
Published: June 2024

Hypogonadism is understudied in men requiring solid organ transplants, particularly among lung transplant recipients. Improvement in serum testosterone levels has been reported in kidney and liver transplantation. Using the TriNetX Research Network, we performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the incidence of peri-transplant hypogonadism and the natural course of serum testosterone following successful lung transplantation. Men aged ≥ 18 with a lung transplant and total testosterone drawn within one year pre- and post-transplant were included. Men with receipt of testosterone therapy were excluded. A low testosterone (<300 ng/dL) and normal testosterone (≥300 ng/dL) cohort was created before employing descriptive and analytic statistics to investigate the incidence of peri-transplant hypogonadism and the change in serum testosterone levels following lung transplantation. In our entire cohort, lung transplantation was not associated with a significant increase in post-transplant serum testosterone (329.86 ± 162.56 ng/dL pre-transplant and 355.13 ± 216.11 ng/dL post-transplant, p = 0.483). The number of men with low testosterone decreased by 9.8% following lung transplantation but was not significant, p = 0.404. In this pilot study, no significant change in the number of hypogonadal men nor serum testosterone levels was observed among men undergoing lung transplantation.
High internal phase emulsions gel ink for direct-ink-writing 3D printing of liquid metal
Authors: Lin Zewen , Qiu Xiaowen , Cai Zhouqishuo , Li Jialiang , Zhao Yanan , Lin Xinping , Zhang Jinmeng , Hu Xiaolan , Bai Hua
Published: June 2024

3D printing of liquid metal remains a big challenge due to its low viscosity and large surface tension. In this study, we use Carbopol hydrogel and liquid gallium-indium alloy to prepare a liquid metal high internal phase emulsion gel ink, which can be used for direct-ink-writing 3D printing. The high volume fraction (up to 82.5%) of the liquid metal dispersed phase gives the ink excellent elastic properties, while the Carbopol hydrogel, as the continuous phase, provides lubrication for the liquid metal droplets, ensuring smooth flow of the ink during shear extrusion. These enable high-resolution and shape-stable 3D printing of three-dimensional structures. Moreover, the liquid metal droplets exhibit an electrocapillary phenomenon in the Carbopol hydrogel, which allows for demulsification by an electric field and enables electrical connectivity between droplets. We have also achieved the printing of ink on flexible, non-planar structures, and demonstrated the potential for alternating printing with various materials.
The role of electrocatalytic materials for developing post-lithium metal||sulfur batteries
Authors: Ye Chao , Li Huan , Chen Yujie , Hao Junnan , Liu Jiahao , Shan Jieqiong , Qiao Shi-Zhang
Published: June 2024

The exploration of post-Lithium (Li) metals, such as Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Aluminum (Al), and Zinc (Zn), for electrochemical energy storage has been driven by the limited availability of Li and the higher theoretical specific energies compared to the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. Post-Li metal||S batteries have emerged as a promising system for practical applications. Yet, the insufficient understanding of quantitative cell parameters and the mechanisms of sulfur electrocatalytic conversion hinder the advancement of these battery technologies. This perspective offers a comprehensive analysis of electrode parameters, including S mass loading, S content, electrolyte/S ratio, and negative/positive electrode capacity ratio, in establishing the specific energy (Wh kg−1) of post-Li metal||S batteries. Additionally, we critically evaluate the progress in investigating electrochemical sulfur conversion via homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalytic approaches in both non-aqueous Na/K/Mg/Ca/Al||S and aqueous Zn||S batteries. Lastly, we provide a critical outlook on potential research directions for designing practical post-Li metal||S batteries.
Scaling neural machine translation to 200 languages
Authors:   NLLB Team, Costa-jussà Marta R. , Cross James , Çelebi Onur , Elbayad Maha , Heafield Kenneth , Heffernan Kevin , Kalbassi Elahe , Lam Janice , Licht Daniel , Maillard Jean , Sun Anna , Wang Skyler , Wenzek Guillaume , Youngblood Al , Akula Bapi , Barrault Loic , Gonzalez Gabriel Mejia , Hansanti Prangthip , Hoffman John , Jarrett Semarley , Sadagopan Kaushik Ram , Rowe Dirk , Spruit Shannon , Tran Chau , Andrews Pierre , Ayan Necip Fazil , Bhosale Shruti , Edunov Sergey , Fan Angela , Gao Cynthia , Goswami Vedanuj , Guzmán Francisco , Koehn Philipp , Mourachko Alexandre , Ropers Christophe , Saleem Safiyyah , Schwenk Holger , Wang Jeff
Published: June 2024

The development of neural techniques has opened up new avenues for research in machine translation. Today, neural machine translation (NMT) systems can leverage highly multilingual capacities and even perform zero-shot translation, delivering promising results in terms of language coverage and quality. However, scaling quality NMT requires large volumes of parallel bilingual data, which are not equally available for the 7,000+ languages in the world1. Focusing on improving the translation qualities of a relatively small group of high-resource languages comes at the expense of directing research attention to low-resource languages, exacerbating digital inequities in the long run. To break this pattern, here we introduce No Language Left Behind—a single massively multilingual model that leverages transfer learning across languages. We developed a conditional computational model based on the Sparsely Gated Mixture of Experts architecture2–7, which we trained on data obtained with new mining techniques tailored for low-resource languages. Furthermore, we devised multiple architectural and training improvements to counteract overfitting while training on thousands of tasks. We evaluated the performance of our model over 40,000 translation directions using tools created specifically for this purpose—an automatic benchmark (FLORES-200), a human evaluation metric (XSTS) and a toxicity detector that covers every language in our model. Compared with the previous state-of-the-art models, our model achieves an average of 44% improvement in translation quality as measured by BLEU. By demonstrating how to scale NMT to 200 languages and making all contributions in this effort freely available for non-commercial use, our work lays important groundwork for the development of a universal translation system.
Nuclear position and local acetyl-CoA production regulate chromatin state
Authors: Willnow Philipp , Teleman Aurelio A.
Published: June 2024

Histone acetylation regulates gene expression, cell function and cell fate1. Here we study the pattern of histone acetylation in the epithelial tissue of the Drosophila wing disc. H3K18ac, H4K8ac and total lysine acetylation are increased in the outer rim of the disc. This acetylation pattern is controlled by nuclear position, whereby nuclei continuously move from apical to basal locations within the epithelium and exhibit high levels of H3K18ac when they are in proximity to the tissue surface. These surface nuclei have increased levels of acetyl-CoA synthase, which generates the acetyl-CoA for histone acetylation. The carbon source for histone acetylation in the rim is fatty acid β-oxidation, which is also increased in the rim. Inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation causes H3K18ac levels to decrease in the genomic proximity of genes involved in disc development. In summary, there is a physical mark of the outer rim of the wing and other imaginal epithelia in Drosophila that affects gene expression.
Microbial competition for phosphorus limits the CO2 response of a mature forest
Authors: Jiang Mingkai , Crous Kristine Y. , Carrillo Yolima , Macdonald Catriona A. , Anderson Ian C. , Boer Matthias M. , Farrell Mark , Gherlenda Andrew N. , Castañeda-Gómez Laura , Hasegawa Shun , Jarosch Klaus , Milham Paul J. , Ochoa-Hueso Rául , Pathare Varsha , Pihlblad Johanna , Piñeiro Juan , Powell Jeff R. , Power Sally A. , Reich Peter B. , Riegler Markus , Zaehle Sönke , Smith Benjamin , Medlyn Belinda E. , Ellsworth David S.
Published: June 2024

The capacity for terrestrial ecosystems to sequester additional carbon (C) with rising CO2 concentrations depends on soil nutrient availability1,2. Previous evidence suggested that mature forests growing on phosphorus (P)-deprived soils had limited capacity to sequester extra biomass under elevated CO2 (refs. 3–6), but uncertainty about ecosystem P cycling and its CO2 response represents a crucial bottleneck for mechanistic prediction of the land C sink under climate change7. Here, by compiling the first comprehensive P budget for a P-limited mature forest exposed to elevated CO2, we show a high likelihood that P captured by soil microorganisms constrains ecosystem P recycling and availability for plant uptake. Trees used P efficiently, but microbial pre-emption of mineralized soil P seemed to limit the capacity of trees for increased P uptake and assimilation under elevated CO2 and, therefore, their capacity to sequester extra C. Plant strategies to stimulate microbial P cycling and plant P uptake, such as increasing rhizosphere C release to soil, will probably be necessary for P-limited forests to increase C capture into new biomass. Our results identify the key mechanisms by which P availability limits CO2 fertilization of tree growth and will guide the development of Earth system models to predict future long-term C storage.
A disease-associated gene desert directs macrophage inflammation through ETS2
Authors: Stankey C. T. , Bourges C. , Haag L. M. , Turner-Stokes T. , Piedade A. P. , Palmer-Jones C. , Papa I. , Silva dos Santos M. , Zhang Q. , Cameron A. J. , Legrini A. , Zhang T. , Wood C. S. , New F. N. , Randzavola L. O. , Speidel L. , Brown A. C. , Hall A. , Saffioti F. , Parkes E. C. , Edwards W. , Direskeneli H. , Grayson P. C. , Jiang L. , Merkel P. A. , Saruhan-Direskeneli G. , Sawalha A. H. , Tombetti E. , Quaglia A. , Thorburn D. , Knight J. C. , Rochford A. P. , Murray C. D. , Divakar P. , Green M. , Nye E. , MacRae J. I. , Jamieson N. B. , Skoglund P. , Cader M. Z. , Wallace C. , Thomas D. C. , Lee J. C.
Published: June 2024

Increasing rates of autoimmune and inflammatory disease present a burgeoning threat to human health1. This is compounded by the limited efficacy of available treatments1 and high failure rates during drug development2, highlighting an urgent need to better understand disease mechanisms. Here we show how functional genomics could address this challenge. By investigating an intergenic haplotype on chr21q22—which has been independently linked to inflammatory bowel disease, ankylosing spondylitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and Takayasu’s arteritis3–6—we identify that the causal gene, ETS2, is a central regulator of human inflammatory macrophages and delineate the shared disease mechanism that amplifies ETS2 expression. Genes regulated by ETS2 were prominently expressed in diseased tissues and more enriched for inflammatory bowel disease GWAS hits than most previously described pathways. Overexpressing ETS2 in resting macrophages reproduced the inflammatory state observed in chr21q22-associated diseases, with upregulation of multiple drug targets, including TNF and IL-23. Using a database of cellular signatures7, we identified drugs that might modulate this pathway and validated the potent anti-inflammatory activity of one class of small molecules in vitro and ex vivo. Together, this illustrates the power of functional genomics, applied directly in primary human cells, to identify immune-mediated disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic opportunities.
Myelin plasticity in the ventral tegmental area is required for opioid reward
Authors: Yalçın Belgin , Pomrenze Matthew B. , Malacon Karen , Drexler Richard , Rogers Abigail E. , Shamardani Kiarash , Chau Isabelle J. , Taylor Kathryn R. , Ni Lijun , Contreras-Esquivel Daniel , Malenka Robert C. , Monje Michelle
Published: June 2024

All drugs of abuse induce long-lasting changes in synaptic transmission and neural circuit function that underlie substance-use disorders1,2. Another recently appreciated mechanism of neural circuit plasticity is mediated through activity-regulated changes in myelin that can tune circuit function and influence cognitive behaviour3–7. Here we explore the role of myelin plasticity in dopaminergic circuitry and reward learning. We demonstrate that dopaminergic neuronal activity-regulated myelin plasticity is a key modulator of dopaminergic circuit function and opioid reward. Oligodendroglial lineage cells respond to dopaminergic neuronal activity evoked by optogenetic stimulation of dopaminergic neurons, optogenetic inhibition of GABAergic neurons, or administration of morphine. These oligodendroglial changes are evident selectively within the ventral tegmental area but not along the axonal projections in the medial forebrain bundle nor within the target nucleus accumbens. Genetic blockade of oligodendrogenesis dampens dopamine release dynamics in nucleus accumbens and impairs behavioural conditioning to morphine. Taken together, these findings underscore a critical role for oligodendrogenesis in reward learning and identify dopaminergic neuronal activity-regulated myelin plasticity as an important circuit modification that is required for opioid reward.
Compressive strength assessment of concrete with brick chips using the CAPO-test
Authors: Nasrin Umme Suraya , Khair Abul , Ahsan Raquib
Published: June 2024

This study presents the findings of an extensive investigation to evaluate the precision and reliability of a non-destructive CAPO-Test in estimating the in situ compressive strength of concrete made from machine-crushed brick aggregates. To estimate the compressive strength of concrete built from brick and stone aggregates for several target strengths at various ages, the CAPO-Test, core test, and standard cylinder test were used. The results of the core test and cylinder test are correlated with the CAPO pullout force, demonstrating a strong relationship between pullout force and compressive strength. The results suggest that the CAPO-Test displays estimated strengths ranging from 5 to 17% of the cylinder strength and 0–6% of the core strength for concrete containing brick chips. The study validates the CAPO-Test's reliability in conducting in-situ concrete strength assessments.
Cauldrons of Bronze Age nomads reveals 2700 year old yak milk and the deep antiquity of food preparation techniques
Authors: Wilkin Shevan , Bayarsaikhan Jamsranjav , Ganbold Ankhsanaa , Batsuuri Ankhbayar , Ishtseren Lochin , Nakamura Daisuke , Eregzen Gelegdorj , Ventresca-Miller Alicia , Miller Bryan K.
Published: June 2024

Cauldrons, vessels that are simultaneously common and enigmatic, offer insights into past cultural and social traditions. While assumed to possess a special function, what these cauldrons contained is still largely mysterious. These vessels, such as those made from bronze or copper alloys, function as reservoirs for ancient organics through the antibacterial qualities provided by the metal surfaces. Here we show, through protein analysis, that cauldrons from the Final Bronze Age (ca. 2700 BP) were primarily used to collect blood from ruminants, primarily caprines, likely for the production of sausages in a manner similar to contemporary practices in Mongolia’s rural countryside. Our findings present a different function from the recent findings of cooked meat in copper-alloy vessels from the northern Caucasus 2000 years earlier, exposing the diversity in food preparation techniques. Our secondary findings of bovine milk within the cauldron, including peptides specific to Bos mutus, pushes back their regional domestication into the Bronze Age.
A study of chloride binding capacity of concrete containing supplementary cementitious materials
Authors: Abd El-Fattah Heba , Abd El-Zaher Yehia , Kohail Mohamed
Published: June 2024

Chloride-induced steel corrosion is known to be a very common kind of deterioration of reinforced concrete. It is beneficial to bind free chloride ions to reduce the corrosion probability of the reinforcement embedded in the concrete. The binding capacity of the concrete varies according to its cementitious system. This paper investigates the chloride binding capacity of different kinds of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs): Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), Fly ash, and Metakaolin as a partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Different properties of concrete after chloride binding are assessed by carrying out the following tests: half-cell potential, accelerated corrosion test, compressive strength, rapid chloride penetration test, sorptivity test, measuring pH value of concrete, and XRD. The results showed that utilizing the SCMs in concrete can enhance the chloride binding capacity, especially those materials that have high quantities of aluminate and calcium in their chemical composition like GGBFS. Based on testing results, it’s recommended that the limit of the chloride content in the different codes should be revised regarding the binding capacity according to the type and quantity of the cementitious materials used.
Therapeutic potential activity of quercetin complexes against Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Osman Mohamed E. , Abo-Elnasr Amany A. , Mohamed Eslam T.
Published: June 2024

This study investigates quercetin complexes as potential synergistic agents against the important respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Six quercetin complexes (QCX1–6) were synthesized by reacting quercetin with various metal salts and boronic acids and characterized using FTIR spectroscopy. Their antibacterial activity alone and in synergism with antibiotics was evaluated against S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 using disc diffusion screening, broth microdilution MIC determination, and checkerboard assays. Complexes QCX-3 and QCX-4 demonstrated synergy when combined with levofloxacin via fractional inhibitory concentration indices ≤ 0.5 as confirmed by time-kill kinetics. Molecular docking elucidated interactions of these combinations with virulence enzymes sortase A and sialidase. A biofilm inhibition assay found the synergistic combinations more potently reduced biofilm formation versus monotherapy. Additionally, gene–gene interaction networks, biological activity predictions and in-silico toxicity profiling provided insights into potential mechanisms of action and safety.
Anisotropic longitudinal water proton relaxation in white matter investigated ex vivo in porcine spinal cord with sample rotation
Authors: Wallstein Niklas , Pampel André , Jäger Carsten , Müller Roland , Möller Harald E.
Published: June 2024

A variation of the longitudinal relaxation time $$T_{1}$$

T
1

in brain regions that differ in their main fiber direction has been occasionally reported, however, with inconsistent results. Goal of the present study was to clarify such inconsistencies, and the origin of potential $$T_{1}$$

T
1

orientation dependence, by applying direct sample rotation and comparing the results from different approaches to measure $$T_{1}$$

T
1

. A section of fixed porcine spinal cord white matter was investigated at 3 T with variation of the fiber-to-field angle $$\theta_{{{\text{FB}}}}$$

θ
FB

. The experiments included one-dimensional inversion-recovery, MP2RAGE, and variable flip-angle $$T_{1}$$

T
1

measurements at 22 °C and 36 °C as well as magnetization-transfer (MT) and diffusion-weighted acquisitions. Depending on the technique, different degrees of $$T_{1}$$

T
1

anisotropy (between 2 and 10%) were observed as well as different dependencies on $$\theta_{{{\text{FB}}}}$$

θ
FB

(monotonic variation or $$T_{1}$$

T
1

maximum at 30–40°). More pronounced anisotropy was obtained with techniques that are more sensitive to MT effects. Furthermore, strong correlations of $$\theta_{{{\text{FB}}}}$$

θ
FB

-dependent MT saturation and $$T_{1}$$

T
1

were found. A comprehensive analysis based on the binary spin-bath model for MT revealed an interplay of several orientation-dependent parameters, including the transverse relaxation times of the macromolecular and the water pool as well as the longitudinal relaxation time of the macromolecular pool.
Low-vacuum SEM imaging and viability test of L929 cells exposed to a Euro 6 diesel exhaust gas mixture in a BAT-CELL chamber in comparison with hydrocarbons emission
Authors: Kęska Aleksandra , Rusak Agnieszka , Włostowski Radosław , Dziemieszkiewicz Mikołaj , Szymlet Natalia
Published: June 2024

Exhaust emissions, which count among the most common causes of premature death worldwide, can cause irreversible changes in cells, leading to their damage or degeneration. In this research, L929 line cells were observed after exposure in the BAT-CELL chamber to exhaust gases emitted from a Euro 6 compression-ignition engine. Real road traffic conditions were simulated, taking into account air resistance while driving at speeds of 50 km/h, 120 km/h and idling engine. Morphological analysis of the cells was performed using an environmental scanning electron microscope. It has been observed that diesel exhaust fumes can cause inflammation, which can induce apoptosis or leads to necrotic cell death. The impact of the vehicle exhaust gases can inhibit cell proliferation by almost three times. Moreover, a correlation has been observed between the speed of the inflammatory reaction in cells and the presence of specific hydrocarbon compounds that determine the toxicity of exhaust gases. Research has shown that the toxicity of the emitted exhaust gases has been the highest at the driving speed of 120 km/h. In order to reduce the harmful effects of exhaust emissions, ecological alternatives and the supplementation of legal provisions regarding the compounds subject to limitation are necessary.
Associations between time in range and insulin secretory capacity in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tanaka Kenichi , Okada Yosuke , Uemura Fumi , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: June 2024

Impaired insulin secretory capacity is associated with high glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, there are no existing reports on the association between insulin secretory capacity and time in range (TIR). This retrospective study involved 330 T2DM admitted for diabetes education who underwent intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) and had their fasting serum C-peptide immunoreactivity (S-CPR) measured within 5 days of admission. The baseline characteristics were as follows: age, 60.2 years; glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 9.2%; S-CPR, 2.2 ng/mL; S-CPR index (S-CPR [ng/mL]/fasting plasma glucose [mg/dL] × 100), 1.6; and TIR, 60.3%. TIR correlated significantly with the S-CPR index, which was confirmed by multivariate analysis that included various factors such as HbA1c. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that 1.88 was the optimal S-CPR index level to predict TIR ≥ 70%. In addition to HbA1c and biguanide use, the S-CPR index was a significant factor associated with TIR > 70%. S-CPR index values of ≥ 1.88 also correlated significantly with TIR > 70%. In conclusion, insulin secretory capacity is associated with TIR in Japanese T2DM, suggesting that the S-CPR index might be a potentially useful biomarker insulin secretory capacity, in association with TIR.

Trial registration UMIN0000254333.
Optimization of the fermentation media, mathematical modeling, and enhancement of paclitaxel production by Alternaria alternata after elicitation with pectin
Authors: Rezazadeh Hamzeh , Ghanati Faezeh , Bonfill Mercedes , Nasibi Fatemeh , Tabarsa Mehdi
Published: June 2024

Alternaria alternata fungus is a potent paclitaxel producer isolated from Corylus avellana. The major challenge is the lack of optimized media for endophytic fungi productivity. In the effort to maximize the production of taxoids by A. alternata, several fermentation conditions, including pH (pH 4.0–7.0), different types and concentrations of carbon (fructose, glucose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, and malt extract), and nitrogen (urea, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium sulfate) were applied step by step. Based on the results, A. alternata in a medium containing sucrose 5% (w/v) and ammonium phosphate 2.5 mM at pH 6.0 showed a rapid and sustainable growth rate, the highest paclitaxel yield (94.8 µg gFW−1 vs 2.8 µg gFW−1 in controls), and the maximum content of amino acids. Additionally, the effect of pectin was evaluated on fungus, and mycelia harvested. Pectin significantly enhanced the growth and taxoid yield on day 21 (respectively 171% and 116% of their corresponding on day 7). The results were checked out by mathematical modeling as well. Accordingly, these findings suggest a low-cost, eco-friendly, and easy-to-produce approach with excellent biotechnological potential for the industrial manufacture of taxoids.
Poor housing quality and the health of newborns and young children
Authors: Hajdu Tamás , Kertesi Gábor , Szabó Bence
Published: June 2024

This study uses linked administrative data on live births, hospital stays, and census records for children born in Hungary between 2006 and 2011 to examine the relationship between poor housing quality and the health of newborns and children aged 1–2 years. We show that poor housing quality, defined as lack of access to basic sanitation and exposure to polluting heating, is not a negligible problem even in a high-income EU country like Hungary. This is particularly the case for disadvantaged children, 20–25% of whom live in extremely poor-quality homes. Next, we provide evidence that poor housing quality is strongly associated with lower health at birth and a higher number of days spent in inpatient care at the age of 1–2 years. These results indicate that lack of access to basic sanitation, hygiene, and non-polluting heating and their health impacts cannot be considered as the exclusive problem for low- and middle-income countries. In high-income countries, there is also a need for public policy programs that identify those affected by poor housing quality and offer them potential solutions to reduce the adverse effects on their health.
Vortex-like vs. turbulent mixing of a Viscum album preparation affects crystalline structures formed in dried droplets
Authors: Kokornaczyk Maria Olga , Acuña Carlos , Mier y Terán Alfonso , Castelán Mario , Baumgartner Stephan
Published: June 2024

Various types of motion introduced into a solution can affect, among other factors, the alignment and positioning of molecules, the agglomeration of large molecules, oxidation processes, and the production of microparticles and microbubbles. We employed turbulent mixing vs. laminar flow induced by a vortex vs. diffusion-based mixing during the production of Viscum album Quercus L. 10−3 following the guidelines for manufacturing homeopathic preparations. The differently mixed preparation variants were analyzed using the droplet evaporation method. The crystalline structures formed in dried droplets were photographed and analyzed using computer-supported image analysis and deep learning. Computer-supported evaluation and deep learning revealed that the patterns of the variant succussed under turbulence are characterized by lower complexity, whereas those obtained from the vortex-mixed variant are characterized by greater complexity compared to the diffusion-based mixed control variant. The droplet evaporation method could provide a relatively inexpensive means of testing the effects of liquid flow and serve as an alternative to currently used methods.
Spatiotemporal changes in fine particulate matter and ozone in the oasis city of Korla, northeastern Tarim Basin of China
Authors: Aishan Tayierjiang , Sun Yaxin , Halik Ümüt , Betz Florian , Yusup Asadilla , Rezhake Remila
Published: June 2024

Air pollution is a serious environmental health concern for humans and other living organisms. This study analyzes the spatial and temporal characteristics of air pollutant concentrations, changes in the degree of pollution, and the wavelet coherence of the air quality index (AQI) with pollutants in various monitoring stations. The analysis is based on long-term time series data (January 2016 to December 2023) of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, and O3) from Korla, an oasis city in the northeastern part of the Tarim Basin, China. The concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and O3 in Korla showed a cyclical trend from 2016 to 2023; PM10 concentrations exhibited all-season exceedance and PM2.5 exhibited exceedance only in spring. PM2.5 and PM10 showed a seasonal distribution of spring > winter > fall > summer; O3 concentrations showed a seasonal distribution of summer > spring > fall > winter. Strong positive wavelet coherence between PM and Air Quality Index (AQI) data series suggests that the AQI data series can effectively characterize fluctuating trends in PM concentrations. Moreover, PM10 levels IV and VI were maintained at approximately 10%, indicating that sand and dust have a substantial influence on air quality and pose potential threats to the health of urban inhabitants. Based on the results of this study, future efforts must strengthen relative countermeasures for sand prevention and control, select urban greening species with anti-pollution capabilities, rationally expand urban green spaces, and restrict regulations for reducing particulate matter emissions within city areas.
Exploring the association between theobromine intake and hepatic steatosis in young people
Authors: Kong Yi , Han Li , Zhu Zhongxin , Chen Xingxing
Published: June 2024

The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) tends to be younger. And the role of theobromine in fatty liver disease remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary theobromine intake and degree of hepatic steatosis in individuals aged 45 and below, using data from the 2017–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and liver ultrasonography transient elastography. A total of 1796 participants aged below 45 years were included from NHANES 2017–2020 data after applying exclusion criteria. Multivariate regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the associations between theobromine intake and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), adjusting for potential confounders. Generalized additive models and two-piecewise linear regression were used to analyze nonlinear relationships. In the unadjusted Model 1 and preliminarily adjusted Model 2, there was no significant correlation between theobromine intake and CAP values. However, in Models 3 and 4, which accounted for confounding factors, a higher intake of theobromine was significantly associated with lower CAP values. Subgroup analyses in the fully adjusted Model 4 revealed a significant negative correlation among individuals aged 18–45, women, and white populations. Nonlinear analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship in black Americans, with the lowest CAP values at 44.5 mg/day theobromine. This study provides evidence that higher theobromine intake is correlated with lower degree of hepatic steatosis in young people, especially those aged 18–45 years, women, and whites. For black Americans, maintaining theobromine intake around 44.5 mg/day may help minimize liver steatosis. These findings may help personalize clinical nutritional guidance, prevent the degree of hepatic steatosis, and provide pharmacological approaches to reverse fatty liver disease in young people.
Trends in authentication of edible oils using vibrational spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Ozen Banu , Cavdaroglu Cagri , Tokatli Figen
Published: June 2024

The authentication of edible oils has become increasingly important for ensuring product quality, safety, and compliance with regulatory standards.
Enhanced detection of acetamiprid via a gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric aptasensor integrated with a hybridization chain reaction
Authors: Liu Xingyi , Li Mingming , Wang Hao , Yang Limin
Published: June 2024

A novel colorimetric and fluorescent aptasensor integrating gold nanoparticles and a hybridization chain reaction for enhanced detection of acetamiprid in food safety applications.
Surface charge modulation boosts electrocatalytic water splitting over iridium catalysts on a polyimide support
Authors: Zhang Longsheng , Zhang Shouhan , Bai Jing , Ding Yidan , Ye Jinyu , Song Yuanhao , Debroye Elke , Fan Wei , Liu Tianxi
Published: June 2024

The polyimide support can decrease thermodynamic barriers and enrich local H3O+ concentration for the supported Ir catalysts, enhancing OER kinetics.
Organic solid–electrolyte interface layers for Zn metal anodes
Authors: He Ze , Huang Wei , Xiong Fangyu , Tan Shuangshuang , Wu Tianhao , Wang Rui , Ducati Caterina , De Volder Michael , An Qinyou
Published: June 2024

This article highlights the recent advances in organic solid–electrolyte interface layers on the Zn metal anode.
A detailed study of the electronic and optical properties of germanium nanotubes
Authors: Liu Hsin-Yi , Chiu Yu-Huang , Wu Jhao-Ying
Published: June 2024

Absorption spectra show diameter-dependent anisotropy and red-shifted frequencies, indicating dimensional transitions and potential applications across UV–visible regions.
Boosting the cell voltage in biphasic flow batteries via Galvani potential difference
Authors: Abbasi Vahid , Peljo Pekka
Published: June 2024

Galvani potential differences between aqueous and organic phases can increase the cell voltage of biphasic flow batteries by 600 mV.
Microscopic vibrational circular dichroism on the forewings of a European hornet: heterogenous sequences of protein domains with different secondary structures
Authors: Sato Hisako , Inoué Sayako , Yoshida Jun , Kawamura Izuru , Koshoubu Jun , Yamagishi Akihiko
Published: June 2024

Microscopic VCD revealed evidence for the heterogenous sequence of different protein domains in the membrane near to the crossing of veins.
Unlocking the potential of cadmium plating chemistry for low-polarization, long-cycling, and ultrahigh-efficiency aqueous metal batteries
Authors: Katiyar Swati , Chang Songyang , Ullah Irfan , Hou Wentao , Conde-Delmoral Amanda , Qiu Shen , Morell Gerardo , Wu Xianyong
Published: June 2024

Cadmium metal exhibits superior plating chemistry for aqueous batteries, including low polarization (∼5 mV), long cycling life (4000 hours), and ultrahigh Coulombic efficiencies (99.60–99.92%).
Surveying the scope of aromatic decarboxylations catalyzed by prenylated-flavin dependent enzymes
Authors: Mondal Anushree , Roy Pronay , Carrannanto Jaclyn , Datar Prathamesh M. , DiRocco Daniel J. , Hunter Katherine , Marsh E. Neil G.
Published: June 2024

H/D exchange between substrate and solvent D2O provides a sensitive test for substrate activation in prenylated-flavin dependent enzymes. We show that a remarkably diverse range of molecules can be activated by one enzyme, ferulic acid decarboxylase.
Correction: Development of a multi-isotopic (Pb, Fe, Cu) analytical protocol in gold matrices for ancient coin provenance studies
Authors: de Palaminy Louise , Poitrasson Franck , Baron Sandrine , Blet-Lemarquand Maryse , Perrière Loïc
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘Development of a multi-isotopic (Pb, Fe, Cu) analytical protocol in gold matrices for ancient coin provenance studies’ by Louise de Palaminy et al., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ja00312d.
Synthesis, structure and biological properties of a series of dicopper(bis-thiosemicarbazone) complexes
Authors: Cebotari Diana , Calancea Sergiu , Garbuz Olga , Balan Greta , Marrot Jérôme , Shova Sergiu , Guérineau Vincent , Touboul David , Tsapkov Victor , Gulea Aurelian , Floquet Sébastien
Published: June 2024

A series of dinuclear copper(ii) complexes obtained with various phenol-bis-thiosemicarbazone ligands are investigated revealing a large diversity in structures and biological properties comparable to those of drugs of reference.
Unexpectedly superior efficiency of chloride-directed double Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions to bromide-directed reactions for the synthesis of sterically hindered 2,7-diaryl fluorenes
Authors: Peng Yu-Qing , Li Yong-Qing , Liu Miao-Miao , Ni Chen , Cao Yu-Cai
Published: June 2024

Sterically hindered 2,7-diaryl fluorenes have been efficiently synthesized via double Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of challenging 2,7-dichlorofluorene with multiple di-ortho-substituted arylboronic acids using the NHC–Pd catalyst INPd.
Molecular designs with PEG groups for water-solubilization of sparsely substituted porphyrins
Authors: Cao Phuong-Lien Doan , Wu Zhiyuan , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Lindsey Jonathan S.
Published: June 2024

Two relatively short polyethylene glycol (PEG) groups suffice to impart aqueous solubility to an otherwise hydrophobic porphyrin.
Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen activities of CoV-LDH/ZnIn2S4 nanocomposites
Authors: Ou Qianchen , Jia Yuejie , Yang Xiaoxia , Zhang Ningwen , Qi Shuaikang , Lu Hanfeng , Guo Liping , Wang Hongmei , Tan Jun
Published: June 2024

The 2.0%-CoV-LDH/ZIS nanocomposite showed good stability over five cycles and its hydrogen production performance was influenced by CoV-LDH.
Synthesis of carbazole–chalcone bis-oxime esters (CCBOEs) as blue light photoinitiators of polymerization
Authors: Liu Zheng , Zhang Yijun , Feng Ji , Song Bin , Gao Tong , Dietlin Céline , Morlet-Savary Fabrice , Schmitt Michael , Gigmes Didier , Dumur Frédéric , Lalevée Jacques
Published: June 2024

In this work, a series of bis-oxime esters, CCBOEswere designed as Type I photoinitiators for photopolymerization experiments done under low light intensities
Single-component rare-earth-free white light-emitting metal–organic framework towards nitroaromatic explosive sensing and dye adsorption
Authors: Zhao Yan-Wu , Xue Bin , Zhang Nan , Guo Li-E , Zhu Sheng-Yan , Zhang Xian-Ming
Published: June 2024

Cd-PNMI, a white-light-emitting MOF, demonstrates ratiometric fluorescence quenching of nitro explosives and toxic substances, and possesses the capability to rapidly and selectively adsorb Rhodamine B and fluorescein dyes from waste liquids.
Correction: The influence of bicarbonate concentration and ionic strength on peroxide speciation and overall reactivity towards UO2
Authors: Olsson Daniel , Aydogan Hazal , Jonsson Mats
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘The influence of bicarbonate concentration and ionic strength on peroxide speciation and overall reactivity towards UO2’ by Daniel Olsson et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 16248–16254, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA02281E.
Efficient urea synthesis via one-step N–C–N coupling: strong metal–support interaction-driven planar Cu clusters on two-dimensional Mo2C MXene
Authors: Zhang Yue , Lu Linguo , Zhao Tiantian , Zhao Jingxiang , Cai Qinghai , Chen Zhongfang
Published: June 2024

The anchoring of the Cu cluster on Mo2C substrate can achieve a planar configuration, effectively boosting urea synthesis via a one-step mechanism.
Interfacial tuning of the graphite anode for potassium ion intercalation in a wide temperature range
Authors: Luo Pai , Liu Yanfang , Luo Wendi , Fu Hongwei , Chen Junxi , Ding Hongbo , Gao Caitian , Lu Bingan
Published: June 2024

An electrolyte design strategy is proposed for graphite anode in potassium-ion batteries working in a wide temperature range.
Wrinkled Ir-MnOx nanospheres as pH-universal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Quan Li , Cao Yirong , Liu Jinlong , Xia Bao Yu , Zhao Xin , You Bo
Published: June 2024

Wrinkled Ir-doped manganese oxide (Ir-MnOx) nanospheres have been prepared via a facile metal–organic framework-directed strategy as pH-universal OER electrocatalysts.
Research progress on quadruple perovskite oxides
Authors: Ding Jie , Zhu Xinhua
Published: June 2024

This review summarizes recent developments in quadruple perovskite oxides, including their preparation strategies, structural characterization, physical properties, and potential applications across diverse technological and scientific domains.
Effects of SPEAK OUT! & LOUD Crowd on Functional Speech Measures in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Sullivan Lauren , Martin Elizabeth , Allison Kristen M.
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

This study investigated the effects of the SPEAK OUT! & LOUD Crowd therapy program on speaking rate, percent pause time, intelligibility, naturalness, and communicative participation in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Method:

Six adults with PD completed 12 individual SPEAK OUT! sessions across four consecutive weeks followed by group-based LOUD Crowd sessions for five consecutive weeks. Most therapy sessions were conducted via telehealth, with two participants completing the SPEAK OUT! portion in person. Speech samples were recorded at six time points: three baseline time points prior to SPEAK OUT!, two post–SPEAK OUT! time points, and one post–LOUD Crowd time point. Acoustic measures of speaking rate and percent pause time and listener ratings of speech intelligibility and naturalness were obtained for each time point. Participant self-ratings of communicative participation were also collected at pre- and posttreatment time points.

Results:

Results showed significant improvement in communicative participation scores at a group level following completion of the SPEAK OUT! & LOUD Crowd treatment program. Two participants showed a significant decrease in speaking rate and increase in percent pause time following treatment. Changes in intelligibility and naturalness were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

These findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of the SPEAK OUT! & LOUD Crowd treatment program in improving communicative participation for people with mild-to-moderate hypokinetic dysarthria secondary to PD. This study is also the first to demonstrate positive effects of this treatment program for people receiving the therapy via telehealth.
Magnetic circuit optimisation and actuator suspension experiment of the 6‐DOF magnetic suspension platform for mini/micro LED
Authors: Cao Shinan , Niu Pingjuan , Ma Limei , Wang Wei
Published: June 2024

To improve the speed of mass transfer, a magnetic suspension platform (MSP) is used to transport the display chips. A novel 6‐DOF MSP is proposed in this paper. An improved Halbach array is used to supply the magnetic flux density. Two types of permanent magnets are utilised in the improved Halbach array. The smaller permanent magnet serves to consolidate the magnetic flux density, thereby enhancing the uniformity of the magnetic field. The finite element method is employed to analyse how variations in angle impact both the strength and uniformity of the magnetic flux density. The results show that the magnetisation direction of 45° is the most effective in terms of improving the uniformity and strength of the magnetic density. Finally, a 6‐DOF MSP prototype is manufactured. A magnetic density measurement experiment and a stable suspension experiment for the actuator are conducted. The results indicate an enhancement in the uniformity of the magnetic field within the air gap. Additionally, the maximum suspension positioning accuracy of the actuator is about 750 nm.
A multifunctional and reconfigurable memristive neuron circuit
Authors: Wu Zuheng , Yu Ruihan , Hu Yang , Dai Yuehua
Published: June 2024

A memristive neuron circuit which is capable of encoding input information via temporal and adaptive frequency methods within the same structure is proposed. Its multifunctionality allows switching between these modes by adjusting circuit capacitors. Furthermore, it is investigated how other parameters like input voltage and resistance influence output properties for different encoding methods. This research contributes to the development of more flexible neuromorphic computing systems.
Analysis of voltage limit‐induced barrier for connecting inverter‐based distributed generators to medium voltage networks: Australian case studies
Authors: Rahman Mir Toufikur , Gu Mingchen , Ahmed Moudud , Hasan Kazi N. , Meegahapola Lasantha
Published: June 2024

Inverter‐based distributed generators (IBDGs), mainly solar photovoltaic, connected in medium‐voltage (MV) networks cause challenges, such as voltage limit violations, for distribution network service providers (DNSPs), and require advanced network management strategies to mitigate these challenges. A theoretical analysis of the voltage limit‐induced barrier to IBDG connection and their export limits due to the change in network characteristics is imperative for developing new strategies. The authors formulated a relationship between the network equivalent impedance and the IBDG's connection point in the network and further explored the link between the network equivalent impedance and voltage magnitude due to the IBDG connection point. The authors also assessed the voltage limit‐induced barrier to IBDG connections in MV networks and proposed solutions to overcome issues with the dynamic export limit of IBDGs. Four representative Australian MV networks are analysed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory under different scenarios, such as variation in IBDG location and static and dynamic export limits. The authors found that an IBDG connected at the end of the network can achieve better performance in supporting the network voltage. An IBDG with a dynamic export limit can export three times more energy than the static export limit, which benefits both the DNSPs and IBDG owners.