bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Sidewalk Autonomous Delivery Robots and Their Potential Impacts on Freight Efficiency and Travel
Authors: Jennings Dylan , Figliozzi Miguel
Published: May 2019

E-Commerce and package deliveries are growing at a fast pace and there is an increased demand for same-day deliveries. Established delivery companies and new startups are investing in technologies that reduce delivery times or increase delivery drivers’ productivity. In this context, the adoption of sidewalk automated (or autonomous) delivery robots (SADRs) has a growing appeal. SADRs are pedestrian sized robots that deliver items to customers without the intervention of a delivery person. Because SADRs travel on sidewalks they have been the subject of increasing regulation by local agencies in the U.S. The three research questions that guide this research effort are: ( a) What are the limitations imposed by existing regulations in the U.S.?, ( b) What are the technical capabilities of existing SADRs?, and ( c) Given the existing capabilities and regulations, what are the time/cost savings and efficiencies that SADRs can bring about? The first part of the research discusses current U.S. regulations on SADRs and reviews existing SADR devices and their capabilities. Building on this knowledge, the second half of the research presents a novel model to estimate delivery time and number of customers served utilizing a combination of SADRs and a special delivery van. These results are compared with a baseline (or prevailing) delivery system utilizing only a conventional delivery van and human driver. Results, insights, and potential implications are discussed. The results show that SADRs can provide substantial cost and time savings in some scenarios. Furthermore, the introduction of SADRs may significantly reduce on-road travel per package delivered.
Predicting the Extended Time Use of College Students With Disabilities
Authors: Spenceley Laura M. , Wood Whitney L. M. , Valentino Marisa , Lewandowski Lawrence J.
Published: May 2019

This study investigated the extent to which standardized reading performance, individual perceptions of reading and test taking skills, and test anxiety predict the amount of extended time needed to equalize test access for college students with disabilities. Thirty-seven college students with a specific learning disorder (LD) and/or an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis who received university test accommodations were recruited to participate in this study, along with 37 controls. All participants individually completed standardized reading tests and rating scales, and a timed reading comprehension task in a group setting. Results indicated that participants receiving test accommodations utilized approximately 14% more time than control participants to complete the timed reading task. Regression analyses indicated that the differences in time required to complete the reading comprehension task were related to participants’ reading fluency and decoding, as well as perceptions of the strength of their reading and test taking skills.
Chemical- and microbial-enhanced phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated calcareous soil by maize
Authors: Asilian Ebrahim , Ghasemi-Fasaei Reza , Ronaghi Abdolmajid , Sepehri Mozhgan , Niazi Ali
Published: May 2019

Phytoremediation is an appropriate technology used to remove pollutants from environment components. A greenhouse trial was conducted to test the hypothesis that application of surfactant levels and inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterium and/or Piriformospora indica fungus enhances the phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd). Maize seeds were sown in Cd-polluted soil, and after 2 months Cd status in plant tissues and Cd phytoremediation criteria was determined. Results showed that application of surfactant increased root and shoot dry weight. Mean Cd uptake in roots and shoots increased following the application of 2 and 4 mmol kg−1 Tween 80, respectively. Application of 2 mmol kg−1 Tween 80 increased mean Cd uptake efficiency, while application of 4 mmol kg−1 Tween 80 increased phytoextraction and translocation efficiencies. Inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens was mostly effective in increasing Cd uptake and Cd phytoextraction efficiency, respectively. Co-inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens had no superiority to application of each inoculant alone. Since most of the Cd remained in roots, phytostabilization is probably the main mechanism controlling Cd phytoremediation by maize. According to the results, application of Tween 80 and inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens effectively enhanced phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by maize.
Critical Review of Theory Use in Breastfeeding Interventions
Authors: Bai Yeon K. , Lee Soyoung , Overgaard Kaitlin
Published: May 2019

Background:

Numerous efforts to promote breastfeeding resulted in a steady increase in the rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration. Increasing numbers of breastfeeding interventions are focused on breastfeeding maintenance and exclusivity and based on behavioral theories. Few studies critically analyzed the use of theories in breastfeeding intervention development and evaluation.

Research aim:

The aim of this critical review was to examine the existing literature about breastfeeding intervention, and investigate the role of theory in its development, implementation, and evaluation to provide future directions and implications for breastfeeding interventions.

Methods:

This critical review examined the existing breastfeeding intervention studies that used self-efficacy theories (SE), theory of planned behavior (TPB), and social cognitive theory (SCT) and were published during the past decade. Using five databases, studies in which researchers explicitly applied these three theories to frame the intervention were selected. Studies were critically reviewed for fidelity to theory in intervention design, delivery, and evaluation.

Results:

Eighteen studies were reviewed: nine SE-, five TPB-, and four SCT-based. Most interventions were focused on building mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy to improve breastfeeding exclusivity and duration. To achieve this goal, researchers who developed SE-based interventions used individual approaches, whereas other researchers who based studies on TPB incorporated social and environmental changes. SE-based studies were more likely to include theory-based instruments, but TPB- and SCT-based studies demonstrated less consistent choices of measurement. Researchers in most studies did not test the relationships between the proposed theoretical constructs and breastfeeding outcomes as guided by theories. Inconsistent outcomes resulted among the studies due to variations in study follow-ups.

Conclusion:

Sound applications of single or multiple theories demonstrate a great potential to help practitioners and researchers develop effective breastfeeding interventions and evaluate true impacts on positive breastfeeding outcomes.
The Relationship of Caregiving to Work Conflict and Supervisor Disclosure With Emotional, Physical, and Financial Strain in Employed Family Caregivers
Authors: Templeman Maureen E. , Badana Adrian N. S. , Haley William E.
Published: May 2019

Objective: To determine whether employed family caregiver reports of caregiving to work conflict (CWC) are associated with emotional, physical, and financial strain, and whether organizational factors, including supervisor disclosure and caregiver-friendly workplace policies, attenuate these effects. Method: We examined 369 full-time employed caregivers of adults aged 50 years and above from the 2015 AARP and National Alliance for Caregiving population-based study, Caregiving in the United States, using ordinary least squares hierarchical regression and moderation analyses. Results: Regression analyses showed that caregiver reports of more CWC, in addition to disclosure of caregiving, were associated with greater emotional, physical, and financial strain after controlling for demographics and caregiving stressors, and workplace policies did not attenuate strain. Neither disclosure nor policies moderated the impact of CWC on caregiver strain. Discussion: Results suggest the importance of workplace strain in the caregiving stress process and suggest that disclosing caregiving responsibilities to supervisors should be closely examined.
Asymmetric free vibration analysis of first-order shear deformable functionally graded magneto-electro-thermo-elastic circular plates
Authors: Arshid Ehsan , Kiani Ali , Amir Saeed , Zarghami Dehaghani Mustafa
Published: May 2019

The current study aims to analyze the asymmetric free vibration behavior of shear deformable functionally graded magneto-electro-thermo-elastic circular plates. The plate’s displacements are described by employing the first-order shear deformation theory and based on the von Karman assumptions, the strains and displacements are related together. Using Hamilton’s principle and variational formulation, the governing motion equations and also the associated boundary conditions have been derived. The generalized differential quadrature method is applied to discretize and solve them. The effects of the most important parameters such as material gradient index, electromagnetic loads, boundary conditions, and also aspect ratio of the plate on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the plate are considered and discussed in details. The results show that the effect of electric potential on the natural frequency is the opposite of the magnetic one. In other words as the magnetic potential increases, the rigidity of the plate increases too and the frequency enhances. The results are compared and verified with the simpler states in literature. The findings of this study are useful for designing more efficient sensors and actuators used in smart or intelligent structures.
Applied nonlinear control of vehicle stability with control and state constraints
Authors: Tahouni Amin , Mirzaei Mehdi , Najjari Behrouz
Published: May 2019

For the vehicle dynamic control system, to guarantee directional stability in risky maneuvers, the side-slip angle should be restricted to the admissible range when the yaw rate tracks the proposed desired response for enhanced steerability. Meanwhile, the control input of the external yaw moment produced by asymmetric braking forces should be calculated in the practical range according to the capacity of tire forces. In the present study, a novel constrained controller with input and state constraints is developed. To this aim, a cost function consisting of predicted continuous response of yaw rate tracking error is expanded in terms of current control signal. Concurrently, the state constraint of side slip is transformed to the equivalent constraint of control signal by a novel nonlinear prediction approach. After that, the expanded performance index is analytically minimized in the presence of all input constraints to obtain the control law. The computed yaw moment is optimally distributed to asymmetric braking forces by designing a wheel slip control system. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed constrained controller compared with the unconstrained controller and a conventional nonlinear model predictive controller developed in the recent papers using a 14-degree-of-freedom vehicle model which includes suspension system dynamics. The results show that the proposed controller is much faster and easy to solve and implement.
Parametric exploration on the airfoil design space by numerical design of experiment methodology and multiple regression model
Authors: Li Xingxing , Yang Ke
Published: May 2019

Robust airfoil design is crucial to efficient, stable, and safe operation for modern wind turbines. However, even for deterministic wind turbine airfoil design, the problem is complex regarding to aerodynamic, acoustic, and structural requirements of wind turbine blades. Therefore, this study aims to assess the design variable impact, identify significant variables, and obtain the correlation with the airfoil responses, to reduce the cost of the airfoil robust optimization. In this paper, the optimal hypercube design method was applied to an airfoil designed by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, NACA 63-421, which is commonly employed in the outboard modern wind turbine blade, to perform the numerical design of experiments. Then, a parametric exploration on the characteristics of airfoil design space by the multiple regression model and statistical analysis method were conducted. It was identified that in regular design space, the variations of aerodynamic and structural parameters are dominated by the airfoil camber and radius of leading edge. Meanwhile, the chord-wise position of the maximum thickness also has strong impacts on the airfoil performance. In further, the overall design spaces are explored to be highly nonlinear in aerodynamic and acoustic responses because of the nonlinear effects of the airfoil chord-wise position of the maximum camber and radius of leading edge. Strong but undesirable correlations were demonstrated between the maximum lift-to-drag ratio and the total sound pressure level. These findings could serve as a valuable guidance for wind turbine airfoil robust design to screen the stochastic design variables, simplify the design space, and reduce the cost.
Permeability analysis of non-crimp fabrics for resin transfer molding
Authors: Huang Zheng Min , Lee So Yun , Kim Hyung Min , Youn Jae Ryoun , Song Young Seok
Published: May 2019

Resin transfer molding (RTM) is one of the most common processes for producing fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Permeability tensor of the fiber preform is a key material property for satisfactory RTM process. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire a precise permeability tensor from simulation and experiment. In this study, the creeping flow simulation was carried out to obtain the flow field in a unit cell, and Darcy’s law was utilized to compute the permeability tensor. The unit cell for the non-crimp fabrics was defined and constructed, and the permeability was analyzed in the axial, transverse, and thickness directions. The effect of shifted preform layers was also evaluated for more realistic permeability tensor. The predicted and measured results were compared with respect to the fiber volume fraction, fabric pattern, and stacking structure.
International Trade and Productivity Growth in Indian Industry: Evidence from the Organized Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Rijesh R.
Published: May 2019

The present study attempts to examine the impact of international trade on manufacturing productivity in India through the effects of economies of scale, reallocation, competition and spillover channels. To study the net impact of these effects, we constructed trade-related variables such as relative import price, import penetration and export intensity for a panel of 17 two-digit organized manufacturing sector industries from 1980 to 2013. During this period, the manufacturing sector witnessed considerable liberalization and openness coupled with an increase in manufacturing growth and productivity, especially in the recent decades. The panel econometric estimation based on random effect modelling reveals that the productivity-enhancing effects of economies of scale, reallocation and spillover largely operate through imports and become prominent after 1–2-year lag. In the short period, there is some evidence of dominance of negative economies of scale induced by import competition. Although we find a positive association between exports and productivity during all selected periods, the relationship is found to be statistically significant only in the current period. Overall, the trade linked productivity gains is channelled through imports, which persist over time. This reveals that the impact of trade on manufacturing productivity in India is not static but dynamic in nature.
Cause-Specific Mortality in Multiethnic South East Asians With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Liu Jian-Jun , Choo Robin W. M. , Liu Sylvia , Gurung Resham L. , Wee Shiou Liang , Lim Su Chi
Published: May 2019

Data on specific causes of mortality in South East Asians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain scarce. We followed 2061 outpatients with T2DM (Chinese 63%, Malays 20%, and Asian Indians 17%) for an average of 5.5 (standard deviation = 2.9) years and identified 365 death events by data linkage with national death registry. Cardiovascular disease was the main cause of mortality (44%), followed by renal disease (17%), infection (17%), cancer (14%), and others causes (8%). Survival analyses revealed that risks for all-cause and cause-specific mortality vary greatly among ethnic groups. Presence of diabetic kidney disease was an independent risk factor for death attributable to cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and infection, while HbA1c level predicted all major causes of deaths even after accounting for multiple other risk factors. These data reinforce the importance of glycemic control and prevention of diabetic kidney disease for mitigation of mortality burden in multiethnic Asians with T2DM.
A Curriculum in Quality Improvement for Interprofessional Palliative Care Trainees
Authors: Lakin Joshua R. , Brannen Elise N. , Bernacki Rachelle E. , Jones Emma
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

A structured and intentional approach to quality improvement is critical for clinicians specializing in palliative care and is a required component of training programs.

Methods:

We present a multimodal, comprehensive curriculum for teaching quality improvement to interdisciplinary trainees in palliative care.

Results:

The curriculum consists of 4 sessions, one and half hours long a piece, that focus on the purpose and practice of quality improvement and guide learners through a team-based project implementation experience. Course assessments demonstrate satisfaction with the course and improvement in targeted skills, knowledge, and attitudes.

Discussion:

Several key learnings stand out from our experience with this curriculum as central to the experience of students: project work completed as interdisciplinary teams, varying teaching methodologies over a longitudinal curriculum, and the opportunity for formal presentation of their work.
Intentions of Kentucky School Nurses to Delegate Diabetes-Related Tasks to Unlicensed Assistive Personnel
Authors: Lineberry Michelle , Noland Melody , Wilson John F.
Published: May 2019

Many children have diagnosed diabetes that must be safely managed at school. New laws have created the potential for school systems to rely more heavily on unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) than on nurses to deliver health services, including administration of insulin injections. Using the theory of planned behavior as a framework, aims were to (1) determine the nature and extent to which health services related to diabetes were being delegated to UAP in Kentucky schools, (2) describe the attitudes of Kentucky school nurses regarding the delegation of diabetes health services to UAP, and (3) examine the relationship of selected variables to school nurses’ intentions to delegate diabetes health services. Survey results revealed that school nurses in Kentucky intended to delegate some diabetes-related tasks despite their lack of support for delegation of those tasks.
Assessing Callous–Unemotional Traits in 6- to 18-Year-Olds: Reliability, Validity, Factor Structure, and Norms of the German Version of the Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits
Authors: Ueno Kathrin , Ackermann Katharina , Freitag Christine M. , Schwenck Christina
Published: May 2019

Background: This article reports reliability, validity, and norms for the German version of the multi-informant questionnaire Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits (ICU). Method: The ICU was filled in by nonreferred children aged 13 to 18 years old ( n = 645), parents of children aged 6 to 18 years old ( n = 1,005), and their teachers ( n = 955). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a two-factor solution giving the best fit. Still none of the models showed an adequate model-fit applying the chi-square exact fit test. The internal consistency of the parent’s, teacher’s, and self-report version were α = .830, α = .877 and α = .769, respectively. Interrater reliability was moderate. Convergent validity with the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory, the externalizing scores of the Youth Self-Report/Child Behavior Checklist, and with the German oppositional Defiant Disorder/Conduct Disorder Rating Scale “FBB-SSV” were good. German norms were calculated. Conclusions: The ICU is a reliable and valid dimensional measure to describe callous–unemotional traits.
Immunization and Moral Hazard: The HPV Vaccine and Uptake of Cancer Screening
Authors: Moghtaderi Ali , Dor Avi
Published: May 2019

Immunization can lead to moral hazard by reducing the cost of risky behaviors and reducing preventive efforts. In this study, we examine the effect of HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccination on participation in the Pap test, which is a diagnostic screening test to detect HPV and non-HPV-related cancerous processes. The HPV vaccination is explicitly recommended for women up to age 26 years who were not previously vaccinated. Pap tests are strongly recommended for women between 21 and 65 years old even after having the HPV vaccine. To study the effect of HPV vaccination on Pap test uptake, we construct a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, centered on the vaccination threshold age. The results suggest that moral hazard was not the dominant effect. The estimates show that women who have been vaccinated, if anything, are actually more likely to have a Pap test, possibly due to increased awareness of its benefits at the time of vaccination.
Impact of intraoperative femoral fractures in primary hip arthroplasty: a comparative study with a mid-term follow-up
Authors: Ferbert Thomas , Jaber Ayham , Gress Nathan , Schmidmaier Gerhard , Gotterbarm Tobias , Merle Christian
Published: May 2019

Background:

Intraoperative femoral fractures (IFF) during primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) pose a major clinical challenge, and data on mid-term implant performance, functional outcome and patient satisfaction is limited.

Methods:

50 patients who sustained IFFs during primary THA were retrospectively reviewed. A control group of patients who received a primary THA without complications was matched according to gender, age, body mass index and indication for THA. Both groups were followed-up for a minimum duration of 2 years. Average follow-up duration was 5.6 years (range 2–11.8 years) for the fracture group and 6 years (range 4.1–8.3 years) for the control group respectively. The following parameters were assessed and compared: stem revision, Harris Hip Score improvement, pain scale improvement, WOMAC, Tegner Score, UCLA, SF-36, forgotten joint score and patient satisfaction.

Results:

There were no stem revisions in the fracture group and 1 stem revision in the control group. Stem survival was 100% and 98.1% respectively ( p = 0.447). The mean improvement in Harris hip score was 35.3 and 44.8 respectively. Significantly lower Harris Hip score improvement ( p = 0.021) and patient satisfaction ( p = 0.01) were observed in the fracture group. All other acquired parameters did not show significant differences.

Conclusion:

Intraoperative fractures of the proximal femur are a relevant complication that does not lead to higher revision rates but might worsen the functional outcome and negatively impact patient satisfaction in mid-term follow-up even if treated appropriately.
Mechanical Evaluation of a Wire Mesh Cup Acetabulum Reinforcement
Authors: Costa R. Cavalieri , Rossi J.D.M.B. Alvarenga , Napoli M.M.M. , Lenas T. Puga , De Azevedo Lage L. , Teruya E. Kuken , Mitsui H.A.
Published: May 2019

Eight acetabula obtained from cadavers were studied to assess axial force strenght. Four of them were reinforced by a wire mesh and four others were tested without this reinforcement. We observed a significant increase in strenght in the group reinforced by wire mesh.
Mathematical Evaluation of Inclination Angle in Hip Osteotomies
Authors: Simone C. , Del Vecchio F. , Maccagnano C. , De Ruvo P. , Paciullo P.
Published: May 2019

When planning an osteotomy reproduction of a biodimensional radiographical femoral image is fundamental. The authors show that radiographical measurement of the inclination angle on x-ray (ß1 and on segment (ß) differs according to the correlation between ß, ß1 and the anteversion angle (a) and thus an osteotomy plan must be rigorously mathematical.
Post-operative Treatment with Synthetic Salmon Calcitonin in Patients who Undervent Hip Endo- and Arthroprosthesis Implantation
Authors: Caniggia M. , Ferrata P. , Maniscalco P. , Osti L.
Published: May 2019

Authors present their results with the use of synthetic salmon calcitonin to treat 21 patients who underwent implantation of hip endo- or arthroprosthesis. Clinical data as well as laboratory, radiographic and scintigraphic documentation are presented.
Bilateral Avulsion of Iliac Spines
Authors: Specchiulli F. , Laforgia R. , Miolla L. , Mastrosimone N.
Published: May 2019

It is the first time that a case of simultaneous and bilateral avulsion of the iliac spines is described in the international orthopaedic literature. The X-ray diagnosis was made by means of traditional techniques and tridimensional CT.
Hip Arthrodesis: Present Evaluations
Authors: Andreacchio A. , Bassi F.
Published: May 2019

Authors examine the case-report of hip arthrodesis of the Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi of Milan.

32 cases have been examined with mid follow-up of more than 31 years.

Authors reconsider advantages and disadvantages of a surgical technique that now is almost abandoned, emphasizing the possible effectiveness of this surgical procedure in the light of knowledges of the prosthetic hip surgery.
Endurance and Future of Total Hip Replacement: 10 Years of Experience
Authors: Mineo G. , Surace A.
Published: May 2019

The Authors have revaluated 613 primary THA implants performed in a ten year period from 1982 to 1992, with respect to age, gender, diagnosis, kind of prosthesis, surgical and fixation technique. In this group, considering the failure of THA with exchange of one or both prosthetic components or permanent prosthesis extraction, 19 THA were revised.
Protrusio Socket Technique in Total Hip Arthroplasty in Chronically Dislocated Hips
Authors: Lakatos J. , Shafer M. , Zimmermann A. , Bucsi L.
Published: May 2019

The Authors give a description of a protrusio socket technique, applied since 1987 as a routine method for arthroplasty in CDH. This method gives good bony coverage of the acetabular component, with achievement of good stability, and acetabular roof grafting is becoming unnecessary. This method has been performed in 90 cases, 42 of which have a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The latter have been reviewed, the results being excellent.
Osteoblast Activity around Failed Total Hip Replacements: Synovial Fluid Levels of Osteocalcin and Alkaline Phosphatase
Authors: Millett P.J. , Sabokbar A. , Allen M.J. , Myer B. , Rushton N.
Published: May 2019

An understanding of the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening is critical to its prevention. Though many studies have focused on the increase in bone resorption, few have examined osteoblastic activity in loosened arthroplasties. In this study, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, two well-described osteoblast markers, were measured in synovial fluid samples from patients with either primary osteoarthrosis (OA) or failed hip replacements. Osteocalcin levels were significantly reduced in failed arthroplasties as compared to primary OA (p < 0.05) with mean (SEM) values of 3.13 ng/ml (0.874) and 6.84 ng/ml (1.24) respectively. The mean (SEM) alkaline phosphatase activity was 0.436 mol/ml/15min (0.127) in revisions and 0.712 (0.199) in primary OA (NS). There was poor correlation between osteocalcin concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity (r =0.16, p<0.05). These data suggest that in addition to enhanced bone resorption, osteoblastic bone formation may also be reduced in periprosthetic bone and as such may play a key role in the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening.
Short-Term Clinical Results with an Elliptical Femoral Prosthesis
Authors: Simone C. , Patella V. , Moretti B. , Molfetta L. , Pesce V. , Vavalle G.
Published: May 2019

The biomechanics of an elliptical-head femoral prosthesis, considered in relation to the physiology of the coxo-femoral joint, can be taken as the rationale for its use in the treatment of medial fractures of the neck of the femur. Short-term results based on clinical variables (Harris's evaluation method) and X-ray findings show a functional joint and good preservation of radiographic relations between the prosthetic epiphysis and the acetabulum, and between the stem and femoral metadiaphysis. These findings confirm the validity of the biomechanical concepts underlying the design of the elliptical-head femoral prosthesis. It is an “etiological” solution for patients with medial fractures of the neck of the femur since it fits in with the coxo-femoral physiology without interfering with the normal anatomical/biomechanical relations between the two joint components.
Periprosthetic Fractures of the Hip: The Mennen Clasp Plate
Authors: Robinson A.H.N. , Ayllon-Garcia A. , Hallett J.P. , Meggitt B.F.
Published: May 2019

Fractures around upper femoral prostheses are difficult to treat. The Mennen plate is a new form of treatment. In this paper 14 cases treated with this plate and a postoperative cast-brace are discussed. We also describe the use of screws to supplement the fixation.

Of the 14 patients, 12 survived to follow up, of whom 11 went on to unite at an average of 14 weeks. All 11 of these patients went on to an excellent or satisfactory result at follow-up.

One patient with a non-union had two plate breakages.

We conclude that this plate, used in conjunction with a cast-brace, is a useful method of treatment for fractures around upper femoral prostheses
Nailing the Femoral Neck May Cause Femoral Head Necrosis
Authors: Lazzerini A. , Grispigni C. , Galli L. , Portinaro N. , Murray D.W.
Published: May 2019

Intra-articular pressure, measured in the hip joints of seven patients treated by nailing for subcapital femoral neck fracture, was increased after closed reduction and nailing of the fracture. The difference between pre- and postoperative pressure was significant (p=0.016). In five of the patients pressure after surgery was more than 20% higher than before surgery.
Child-rearing routines among Mexican-heritage children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Cohen Shana R , Miguel Jessica , Wishard Guerra Alison
Published: May 2019

This study examined the daily routines and activities of Mexican-heritage mothers and their children with autism spectrum disorder. Experienced sampling methods were used to capture families’ current daily routines and activities, how parents valued those activities, and whether the activity was part of the child’s autism spectrum disorder intervention. A total of 32 mothers were texted five times per day over five consecutive days for a total of 721 observations. Mothers frequently engaged in Self-Care (e.g. showering), General Caregiving (e.g. cooking), and House Chores (e.g. laundry). Children engaged in activities in which interventions could easily be integrated (e.g. Academics, Self-Care, and Playing with Others). Families spent less than one-third (26.1%) of their activities participating in interventions. Mothers and children jointly spent time in General Caregiving, Playing with Others, and Using Electronics. Practitioners should focus on integrating evidence-based interventions into daily joint routine activities.
Halal dating: Changing relationship attitudes and experiences among young British Muslims
Authors: Ali Nafhesa , Phillips Richard , Chambers Claire , Narkowicz Kasia , Hopkins Peter , Pande Raksha
Published: May 2019

Young Muslims in the UK are making space to gain greater control over their personal lives through the diction of ‘halal’ and ‘haram’ when reflecting on and negotiating personal relationships. This article explores the significance of ‘halal dating’ within the lived experiences and sexual relationships of young British Muslims. It draws upon 56 in-depth interviews conducted with young (16–30 years) British Muslims of Pakistani heritage. This research shows that, contrary to popular stereotype and widespread expectations, many young British Muslims do date, or have dated. By entertaining the idea that certain forms of dating may be halal, these young Muslims are finding and claiming agency to make relationship choices of their own.
Effects of mount positions on vibrational energy flow transmission characteristics in aero-engine casing structures
Authors: Ma Yingqun , Zhao Qingjun , Zhang Kai , Xu Meng , Zhao Wei
Published: May 2019

The main goal of the study is to apply the structural intensity method to analyze the effects of positions of the main-mount and the sub-mount on the vibrational energy flow transmission characteristics in aero-engine casing structures, so as to attenuate the vibration of the casing and the whole aero-engine. Structural intensity method, indicating magnitude and direction of the vibrational energy flow, is a powerful tool to study vibration problems from the perspective of energy. In this paper, a casing-support-rotor coupling model subjected to the rotor unbalanced forces is established by the finite element method. Formulations of the structural intensity of a shell element and the structural intensity streamline are given. A simulation system consisting of the finite element tool and the in-house program is developed to carry out forced vibration analysis and structural intensity calculation. The structural intensity field of the casing is visualized in the forms of vector diagram and streamline representation. The vibrational energy flow behaviors of the casing at the rotor design rotating speed are analyzed, and the vibrational energy flow transmission characteristics of the casing with different axial positions of the main-mount and the sub-mount are investigated. Moreover, some measures to attenuate the vibration of the casing are obtained from the numerical results, and their effectiveness is verified in the frequency domain and the time domain. The results shed new light on the effects of the mount positions on the vibration energy transmission behaviors of the casing structure. The structural intensity method is a more advanced tool for solving vibration problems in engineering. Furthermore, it may provide some guidance for the vibration attenuation of the casing and the whole aero-engine.
Determinants of homebound travel during Korean Thanksgiving
Authors: Ahn Young-Joo , Ki Lee Seul , Baek Unji , Kim Jin-Young
Published: May 2019

With a large population flow and seasonal demand fluctuation, special holidays have been considered as one of the most important periods of time in tourism market. This study explores one of the biggest national holidays, Chuseok, known as Korean Thanksgiving. The purpose of this study is to examine homebound travel decision by applying a temporary mobility approach. The data are drawn from a nationwide survey in South Korea, and a total of 1170 surveys were used for analysis. A sample selection probit model is used to estimate whether travel decisions during Korean Thanksgiving affects the results of the two-stage correction for reducing selectivity bias. The estimation reduces the potential for self-selection bias, as individuals’ decision to travel during Korean Thanksgiving is a nonrandom decision. The estimated results provide manifestations of different travel demands during Korean Thanksgiving.
Soldiers and superheroes needed! Masculine archetypes and constrained bodily commodification in the sperm donation market
Authors: Sobande Francesca , Mimoun Laetitia , Torres Lez Trujillo
Published: May 2019

Extant research on bodily commodification emphasizes contexts, where market actors can pursue commodification in relatively unconstrained ways. However, scant research examines how marketers foster bodily commodification in markets, where institutional constraints limit the value which can be extracted, produced and/or exchanged. We fill this gap by studying sperm donation services in the United Kingdom and Australia, where a number of governmental regulations limit bodily commodification and value creation processes. Using an archival analysis of visual and textual material, we find that sperm banks in these constrained contexts strategically rely on the marketing of masculine archetypes as a source of value. This article delineates the concept of constrained bodily commodification and its marketing implications. Moreover, it evidences sociocultural discursive mechanisms by which marketers attempt to overcome constrained commodification issues. Specifically, we emphasize the role of gender archetypes as a resource, which allows sperm banks’ marketers to transfer identity value to the donor and donation experience. Finally, this article also has implications for the theorizing of value creation by expanding our understanding of how value is created during consumer disposition processes.
Centralizing queer in Finnish art education
Authors: Suominen Anniina , Pusa Tiina , Raudaskoski Aapo , Haggrén Larissa
Published: May 2019

The article examines if and how gender diversity and queer are present in the policies guiding Finnish art education and how these documents might influence praxis. The authors explore relations between policy and practice through a close study and analysis of the Finnish national core curriculum for basic education as it relates to the broader Finnish culture of power and politics. The authors approach the topic using epistemic injustice as the framework, and suggest that current international and national policy and guidelines that define human rights, gender equality, the rights of gender and sexual minorities, and education have created a broad and deeply seated normative, binary mindset that not only impairs the actualization of equity in education but also makes it a paradox. To unpack the suggested epistemic injustice, the authors contextualize their arguments through a critical study of policies and guidelines for human rights and Finnish compulsory education and frame this with particular theories, the capability approach and feminist and critical pedagogy.
Viscoelastic and dry-sliding wear properties of basalt fiber-reinforced composites based on a surface-modified graphene oxide/epoxy matrix
Authors: Jamali N , Khosravi H , Rezvani A , Tohidlou E , Poulis JA
Published: May 2019

The current study focuses on the development of silanized graphene oxide reinforced basalt fiber/epoxy composites for enhanced tribological and viscoelastic properties. The modified-graphene oxide nanoplatelets were characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman analyses. Pin-on-disk wear test and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis were conducted to determine the tribological and viscoelastic properties of the fabricated specimens with different silanized-graphene oxide loadings in the matrix (0–0.5 wt.% at a step of 0.1). The multiscale specimens were fabricated using the hand lay-up technique. The best silanized-graphene oxide loading for effectively enhancing the tribological properties was found to be 0.4 wt.%, whose wear rate and friction coefficient were 62% and 44%, respectively lower than those of the neat basalt/epoxy composite. The examination of the worn surfaces showed the enhanced basalt fiber/epoxy bonding in graphene oxide-reinforced specimen. From the results of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, the specimen filled with 0.4 wt.% silanized-graphene oxide demonstrated the highest increase of 130% and 13.6℃ in the storage modulus and glass transition temperature as compared to the neat composite. This study indicated that the addition of silanized-graphene oxide considerably enhanced the tribological and viscoelastic properties of the fibrous composites.
Spirituality, Social Support, and Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study of People Enrolled in a Nurse-Led Diabetes Management Program in Peru
Authors: Krederdt-Araujo Sherin L. , Dominguez-Cancino Karen A. , Jiménez-Cordova Reynelda , Paz-Villanueva Mariella Y. , Fernandez Julio Mendigure , Leyva-Moral Juan M. , Palmieri Patrick A.
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

In Peru, people living with diabetes mellitus (PLDM) represent 7% of the adult population, each with a $54,000 lifetime cost. For Latinos, spirituality provides meaning and purpose of life while social support affects behavioral choices and adherence decisions. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between spirituality and social support for PLDM participating in a nurse-led diabetes management program in a public hospital in Lima, Peru.

Method:

This cross-sectional study included adult PLDM ( N = 54). The instrument included demographic items and the Spanish versions of the social/vocational concern dimension of the Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Reed’s scale of spiritual perspective.

Results:

There was an inverse relation between social support and spiritually practices ( p = .020) and spiritual beliefs ( p = .005). PLDM with 5 years or more in the program had significantly higher scores in social support ( p = .020) and spiritual practices ( p = .010).

Conclusion:

Spirituality and social support are important factors for managing PLDM. Nurse-led diabetes management programs with Latino participants should consider targeted spiritual and social support strategies to expand the holistic management. Future studies should explore the impact and effectiveness of spiritual and social support interventions on clinical outcomes.
Top Management Team Surface-Level Diversity, Strategic Change, and Long-Term Firm Performance: A Mediated Model Investigation
Authors: Wu Jie , Richard Orlando C. , Zhang Xinhe , Macaulay Craig
Published: May 2019

Top management team (TMT) heterogeneity research has not yet clearly revealed whether surface-level diversity (i.e., national culture, gender, age) contributes to or detracts from a firm’s financial performance and has not focused on how strategic change frequency (number international diversification or refocusing activities) serves as an intervening mechanism. Based on a sample of 1,993 firms between 2003 and 2015, we examine the mediating role of strategic change frequency in the relationship between surface-level diversity and long-term firm performance. Grounded in the upper echelons perspective, we find that TMT surface-level diversity increases rather than decreases strategic change frequency. Furthermore, our results are consistent with our hypothesized positive relationship between strategic change frequency and long-term firm performance. More important, we also find support for a longitudinal-based mediation model in which strategic change frequency in terms of diversification/refocusing actions (Time 2) transmits the positive effect of TMT surface-level diversity (Time 1) to long-term financial performance (Time 3) without accounting for any moderated conditions suggesting that mediation models warrant more utilization in the upper echelons research and internationalization research domains. Implications for the upper echelons theory in a more global world as if relates to the often unexplored surface-level diversity are offered.
Inflammation as a Cancer Co-Initiator: New Mechanistic Model Predicts Low/Negligible Risk at Noninflammatory Carcinogen Doses
Authors: Bogen Kenneth T.
Published: May 2019

Linear-no-threshold (LNT) risk extrapolation has long been applied to estimate risks posed by low-level environmental carcinogen exposures, based on the 60-year-old multistage somatic mutation/clonal expansion (MSM) cancer theory. Recent evidence supports an alternative theory: Malignant tumors arise most efficiently from a stem cell that incurs requisite mutations and also is activated by inflammation to an epigenetically mediated and maintained state of adaptive hyperplasia (AH). This new inflammation-MSM (ISM) theory posits that inflammation-activated stem cells normally restricted to sites of injury-induced inflammation and tissue repair become uniquely susceptible to efficient carcinogenesis if normal post-inflammation AH termination is blocked by mutation. This theory posits that inflammation generally thus co-initiates cancer and transiently amplifies activated stem cells, implying that MSM theory (eg, the 2-stage stochastic “Moolgavkar, Venzon, Knudson [MVK]” model) is incomplete. Because inflammation dose–response typically is not LNT, the ISM theory predicts this is also true for most (perhaps all) carcinogens. The ISM (but not the MVK) model is shown to be consistent with recent data showing ∼100% carcinoma incidence (but not DNA adducts) in livers of rats exposed to aflatoxin B1 and was eliminated when that dose was co-administered with a highly potent anti-inflammatory agent. Experimental approaches to test ISM theory more robustly are discussed.
Damping properties of fibre composite and conventional materials measured by free damped vibration response
Authors: Murčinková Zuzana , Vojtko Imrich , Halapi Michal , Šebestová Mária
Published: May 2019

The present work contributes to the research on the damping properties of fibre composites through an experimental approach by using the free damped vibration measurement based on impulse-force system response, the developed measurement stand and laser Doppler vibrometry. Moreover, the influence of the material configuration on the damping properties was investigated and was compared with conventional homogeneous isotropic materials. The measurement was based on the analysis of flexural vibrations generated by the Dirac impulse force, as well as on the free decaying-vibrations response; the time- and frequency-domain modal identification was employed. The fibre composites were represented as layered bidirectional long carbon- and glass-fibre composites (laminates) with different material configurations and as short carbon-fibre composites.
Research on trajectory tracking control of manipulator based on modified terminal sliding mode with double power reaching law
Authors: Xia Yan , Xie Wei , Ma Jiachen
Published: May 2019

This article proposes a control strategy that combines the double power reaching law with the modified terminal sliding mode for tracking tasks of rigid robotic manipulators quickly and accurately. As a significant novelty, double power reaching law can reach the sliding surface in finite time when the system is in any initial state. At the same time, modified terminal sliding surface guarantees the system that position and velocity error converge to be zero approximately. In other words, the control law is able to make the system slip to the equilibrium point in a finite time and improves the speed of the system approaching and sliding modes. The simulation results demonstrate the practical implementation of the control strategy, verify its robustness of more accurate tracking and faster disturbance rejection, and weaken the chattering phenomenon more effectively compared with the conventional terminal sliding mode controller.
Evergreening of pharmaceutical patents: A blithe disregard for the rationale of the patent system
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Z
Published: May 2019

Evergreening of pharmaceutical patents has emerged as a serious challenge for access to affordable drugs as it aims to delay the generic competition by extending the length of the exclusivity period beyond the legitimate patent term without any considerable improvement in therapeutic benefits of the already patented pharmaceutical drug. This paper endeavours to question the legitimacy of the evergreening of pharmaceutical patents. This study applies all the recognized theories in support of the patent system – namely the ‘natural law’ or ‘natural rights’ theory, the ‘reward by monopoly’ theory, the ‘monopoly-profit incentive’ theory, the ‘exchange for secrets’ theory or the ‘contract’ theory, and the ‘prospect’ theory – to the practice of evergreening of drug patents in order to check whether or not any of these theories can be used to justify the practice. The study concludes that the practice of evergreening is not consistent with any of these theories and therefore lacks any plausible justification.