bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Back Pain Treatments in Traditional Iranian Medicine
Authors: Malek Valiollah Gerayeli , Parvari Soraya , Abbassian Alireza
Published: May 2019

Back pain and back problems are one of the most common causes for referring patients to health care specialists that have a large economic cost. Therefore, it is considered necessary to find effective treatment for these patients. For the treatment of back pain, various methods as complementary and alternative medicine and industrial drugs are used; that the efficiency of these medicine methods for treatment of back pain is not without dispute. From a variety of traditional methods for treatment of back pain can be cited: the use of medicinal herbs for example: Aloe vera (Family: Liliaceous), Chamomile (Family: Asteraceae), Rosemary (Family: Peppermint), Ginger (Family: Zingiberaceae), Colchicum (Family: Colchicaceae), Curcuma (Family: Zingiberaceae), and use of Medicinal Methods for example: cupping/hijamat, leech therapy, bloodletting, and gams; therefore, this review was conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods which used in traditional remedies for the betterment of back pain.
Analysis of the Functional Performance of Self-Institutionalized Elderly People / Análise do Desempenho Funcional de Pessoas Idosas Autoinstitucionalizadas
Authors: Veloso Laura de Sousa Gomes , Freire Bruno Henrique Ferreira , Veloso José Artur de Paiva , Gouveia Maria Lucrécia de Aquino , Colella Tânia Lúcia Amorim , Moreira Maria Adelaide Silva Paredes
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: Analisar a relação do desempenho funcional e o processo de “autoinstitucionalização” na velhice. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, sem intervenção no problema, descritiva, exploratória e transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico, o índice de Katz, escala de Lawton, mini exame do estado mental (MEEM) e o TUG. Resultados: Quando o ser humano passa a envelhecer naturalmente nota-se um declínio das funções vitais do corpo, sistemas: cardíaco, respiratório, nervoso e músculo-esquelético estão em processo de degradação, o que leva o ser idoso a adquirir perdas funcionais ao passar dos anos, estando assim propensos ao processo de institucionalização, seja por conta própria ou por vontade de terceiros. Conclusão: Diante do estudo podemos destacar que o idoso “autoinstitucionalizado” apresenta características próprias que merecem diferenciação das características de pessoas idosas institucionalizadas por vontade alheia a sua além de entender os fatores relacionados aos motivos para a tomada da decisão de sair do seio familiar e ingressar em um meio institucionalizado.
Cognitive Capacity and Depressive Symptoms in Elderly People Attending the Primary Care Services / Condições Cognitivas e Sintomas Depressivos em Pessoas Idosas Inseridas na Atenção Básica
Authors: Veloso Laura de Sousa Gomes , Veloso José Artur de Paiva , Miguel Maria das Graças Duarte , Gouveia Maria Lucrécia de Aquino , Colella Tânia Lúcia Amorim , Moreira Maria Adelaide Silva Paredes
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre os sintomas depressivos e as condições cognitivas de pessoas idosas inseridas na Atenção Básica. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 234 idosos assistidos em Unidades de Saúde no Município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, utilizando um questionário estruturado, composto por escalas de detecção dos sintomas depressivos e das perdas cognitivas. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados por meio do programa estatístico Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versão 21.0. Resultados: Verificou-se que 38% (n=88) dos idosos apresentaram sintomas sugestivos de depressão, com prevalência entre as mulheres idosas mais jovens. Além disso, a presença dos sintomas depressivos está associada significativamente ao declínio progressivo do desempenho cognitivo. Conclusão: A caracterização de idosos com sintomas depressivos e a correlação com o desempenho cognitivo podem fundamentar o desenvolvimento de estratégias e ações que detectem precocemente a instalação de transtornos cognitivos e de humor, como a depressão.
Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence via J‐Aggregates with Strong Intermolecular Charge Transfer
Authors: Xue Jie , Liang Qingxin , Wang Rui , Hou Jiayue , Li Wenqiang , Peng Qian , Shuai Zhigang , Qiao Juan
Published: May 2019

The development of high‐efficiency and low‐cost organic emissive materials and devices is intrinsically limited by the energy‐gap law and spin statistics, especially in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. A novel design strategy is reported for realizing highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials via J‐aggregates with strong intermolecular charge transfer (CT). Two organic donor–acceptor molecules with strong and planar acceptor are designed and synthesized, which can readily form J‐aggregates with strong intermolecular CT in solid states and exhibit wide‐tuning emissions from yellow to NIR. Experimental and theoretical investigations expose that the formation of such J‐aggregates mixes Frenkel excitons and CT excitons, which not only contributes to a fast radiative decay rate and a slow nonradiative decay rate for achieving nearly unity photoluminescence efficiency in solid films, but significantly decreases the energy gap between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states (≈0.3 eV) to induce high‐efficiency TADF even in the NIR region. These organic light‐emitting diodes exhibit external quantum efficiencies of 15.8% for red emission and 14.1% for NIR emission, which represent the best result for NIR organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on TADF materials. These findings open a new avenue for the development of high‐efficiency organic emissive materials and devices based on molecular aggregates.
Asymmetrical selection maintains heritable phenotypic variation between two subspecies of Monardella villosa
Authors: Crow Taylor M. , Yost Jenn M. , Huang Michelle S. , Ritter Matthew K.
Published: May 2019

Premise

Monardella villosa is an evolutionarily young species complex distributed across a large geographic range. Our goal was to determine whether the phenotypic difference between two subspecies of M. villosa was heritable and whether the alternative phenotypes were adaptive to their respective local habitats.

Methods

We collected seeds from 25 populations of M. villosa, 14 from subspecies franciscana, which grows closer to the coast, and 11 from subspecies villosa, which has a larger and more inland geographic distribution. We reciprocally transplanted the two subspecies into their respective habitats and compared plant germination, post‐emergence survival, and growth. We used linear mixed models to quantify the effects of genotype and environment to determine whether subspecies were locally adapted and whether leaf traits that distinguish these subspecies were genetically based.

Results

Plants of both subspecies grown at the coastal site had significantly lower survival and biomass than the inland site. The subspecies were not locally adapted; however, the coastal subspecies franciscana did have a home site advantage. We also found that distinctive leaf morphological traits were genetically based, with high broad‐sense heritability of traits.

Conclusions

The two subspecies of Monardella villosa were not locally adapted to their respective habitat, but rather we found that selection for local genotypes may be stronger at the coastal site. Despite the lack of evidence for local adaptation in the strict sense, the subspecies had heritable variation in several leaf phenotypes, indicating that heterogeneous selection imposes an adaptive trade‐off for leaf trichome production within this species.
Web‐based Assessment of Social–Emotional Skills in School‐Aged Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Russo‐Ponsaran Nicole M. , Lerner Matthew D. , McKown Clark , Weber Rebecca J. , Karls Ashley , Kang Erin , Sommer Samantha L.
Published: May 2019

Few tools are available to comprehensively describe the unique social–emotional skill profiles of youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study describes the usability, reliability, and validity of SELweb, a normed, web‐based assessment designed to measure four core social–emotional domains, when used to measure these skills in a sample of 57 well‐characterized youth with ASD (ages 6–10 years with IQ ≥ 80). SELweb measures facial emotion recognition, theory of mind, social problem solving, and self‐control. SELweb was well tolerated and yielded scores with reliabilities comparable to those found in normative samples. SELweb scores showed good evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for three of the four skills it was designed to assess. Mean deficits were found for theory of mind, social problem solving, and self‐control, whereas no mean deficits were found for emotion recognition. Individual profiles varied considerably, suggesting the sensitivity of SELweb to the within‐ and between‐person individual differences among youth with ASD. Findings support the usefulness and accessibility of SELweb as a tool for measuring complex social–emotional skill profiles in youth with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1260–1271. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

No single, simple, high‐quality test exists that measures multiple social thinking skills directly in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study suggests that SELweb, a web‐based assessment system, is an effective and valid way to measure how children with ASD think about and understand social and emotional information, and is able to capture strengths and weaknesses experienced by children with ASD.
Recent Progress in Polysulfide Redox‐Flow Batteries
Authors: Zhang Sanpei , Guo Wenjuan , Yang Fengchang , Zheng Panni , Qiao Rui , Li Zheng
Published: May 2019

Harvesting energy from intermittent and unstable renewable sources yet producing massive and stable output require large‐scale energy storage systems. Redox‐flow batteries have attracted extensive attention because of their flexibility and scalability and are promising large‐scale energy storage systems for electrical grids. As an emerging member of the redox‐flow battery family, polysulfide flow batteries exhibit a relatively high energy density with ultralow chemical cost of the redox active materials. The special solution chemistry and complex conversions between sulfur and polysulfides with long and short chains lead to various system design schemes and complicated reaction mechanisms. Here, we present a review of various polysulfide flow battery systems developed to date and their underlying reaction mechanism and offer our perspective for their future development.
New 4,5‐seco‐20(10→5)‐abeo‐Abietane Diterpenoids with Anti‐Inflammatory Activity from Isodon lophanthoides var. graciliflorus (Benth.) H.Hara
Authors: Chen Wen‐Fei , Wong Lai‐Lai , Zhang Xuan , Zhou Feng‐Xu , Xia Fan , Tang Li‐Ping , Li Xian
Published: May 2019

Three new 4,5‐seco‐20(10→5)‐abeo‐abietane diterpenoids, 16‐hydroxysalvilenone (1), 15‐hydroxysalprionin (2), and 11β,15‐dihydroxysalprionin‐12‐one (3), and nine known abietane diterpenoids, 4–12, along with one known sempervirane diterpenoid, hispidanol A (13), were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon lophanthoides var. graciliflorus. The structures of compounds 1–3 were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods including extensive analysis of NMR and mass spectroscopic data. All diterpenoids were tested for their TNF‐α inhibitory effects on LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells. Compound 9 (16‐acetoxyhorminone) was the most potent with an IC50 value of 3.97±0.70 μm.
Models Facilitating the Design of a New Metal‐Organic Framework Catalyst for the Selective Decomposition of Formic Acid into Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: O'Hair Richard A. J. , Mravak Antonija , Krstić Marjan , Bonačić‐Koutecký Vlasta
Published: May 2019

Here we describe a new conceptual approach for the design of a heterogeneous metal‐organic framework (MOF) catalyst based on UiO‐67 for the selective decarboxylation of formic acid, a reaction with important applications in hydrogen storage andin situgeneration of H2. Models for the {CuH} reactive catalytic site at the organic linker are assessed. In the first model system, gas‐phase mass spectrometry experiments and DFT calculations on a fixed charge bathophen ligated copper hydride complex, [(phen*)Cu(H)]2−, were used to demonstrate that it acts as a catalyst for the selective decomposition of formic acid into H2and CO2via a two‐step catalytic cycle. In the first step liberation of H2to form the carboxylate complex, [(phen*)Cu(O2CH)]2−occurs, which in the second step selectively decomposes via CO2extrusion to regenerate the hydride complex. DFT calculations on four other model systems showed that changing the catalyst to neutral [(LCu(H)] complexes or embedding it within a MOF results in mechanisms which are essentially identical. Thus catalytic active sites located on the organic linker of a MOF appear to be close to a gas‐phase environment, thereby benefitting from the favorable characteristics of gas‐phase reactions and validating the use of gas‐phase models to design new MOF based catalysts.
The Holy Grail in Platinum‐Free Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution: Molybdenum‐Based Catalysts and Recent Advances
Authors: Zhuang Zechao , Huang Jiazhao , Li Yong , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang
Published: May 2019

Electrochemical water splitting towards hydrogen production is of significance for our sustainable development in the future. Although platinum‐group catalysts possess the highest activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), their scarcity renders potential applications commercially inviable and thus many efforts are constantly devoted into this arena. Over the last decade, various molybdenum‐based catalysts, covering, for example, sulfides, carbides, phosphides, borides, nitrides and alloys, have been found to be very active, and are rapidly becoming popular. In this Review, we comprehensively summarize this topic of emerging Mo‐based catalysts for HER by stating and discussing their catalytic mechanisms, synthesis methods, optimization tactics, and promise to outbalance platinum‐based systems. We use typical examples from recent advances of various Mo‐based catalysts to elaborate their merits and shortcomings for HER, as well as how to further optimize their activities, varying from surface area maximization and active site exposure to electron/atom/molecule/phase‐level manipulation, and to external field‐assisted activity enhancement. We also propose various challenges and perspectives for these emerging Mo‐based catalysts and discuss how these challenges might be addressed.
Electrochemical Degradation of Reactive Blue 19 Dye by Combining Boron‐Doped Diamond and Reticulated Vitreous Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Vasconcelos Vanessa M. , Ponce‐de‐León Carlos , Rosiwal Stefan M. , Lanza Marcos R. V.
Published: May 2019

Reactive Blue 19 (RB‐19) dye has a low fixation efficiency, a long half‐life and high toxicity. It is easily loss during the cleaning of textiles and can remain in the environment for a long time, causing serious environmental problems if not removed. This study reports the degradation of RB‐19 by: 1) direct electrochemical degradation with boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes and 2) combined processes using BDD and reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) electrodes that generate H2O2. The direct degradation uses different current densities and concentrations. High currents densities, longer electrolysis times and low volumetric flow rates favour RB‐19 degradation, removing total colour and 100 % TOC after 5 and 60 min, respectively. At a current density of 41 mA cm−2 and a volumetric flow rate of 20 dm3 h−1, the energy consumption to degrade 20 mg dm−3 of RB‐19 was 279 kWh kg−1. The TOC removal of RB‐19 dye combining BDD and RVC at a current density of 41 mA cm−2 was below 72 % after 90 min and the energy consumption increased to 612 kWh kg−1. The higher energy consumption observed during the combined process suggests that the direct degradation process at low volumetric flow rates is more efficient than the combined process.
Flexible and Stretchable PEDOT‐Embedded Hybrid Substrates for Bioengineering and Sensory Applications
Authors: Fallahi Afsoon , Mandla Serena , Kerr‐Phillip Thomas , Seo Jungmok , Rodrigues Raquel O. , Jodat Yasamin A. , Samanipour Roya , Hussain Mohammad Asif , Lee Chang Kee , Bae Hojae , Khademhosseini Ali , Travas‐Sejdic Jadranka , Shin Su Ryon
Published: May 2019

Herein, we introduce a flexible, biocompatible, robust and conductive electrospun fiber mat as a substrate for flexible and stretchable electronic devices for various biomedical applications. To impart the electrospun fiber mats with electrical conductivity, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), a conductive polymer, was interpenetrated into nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate (PEGDM) crosslinked electrospun fiber mats. The mats were fabricated with tunable fiber orientation, random and aligned, and displayed elastomeric mechanical properties and high conductivity. In addition, bending the mats caused a reversible change in their resistance. The cytotoxicity studies confirmed that the elastomeric and conductive electrospun fiber mats support cardiac cell growth, and thus are adaptable to a wide range of applications, including tissue engineering, implantable sensors and wearable bioelectronics.
Prediction and Characterization of miRNA/Target Pairs in Non‐Model Plants Using RNA‐seq
Authors: Neller Kira C. M. , Klenov Alexander , Hudak Katalin A.
Published: May 2019

Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼20‐ to 24‐nucleotide small RNAs that post‐transcriptionally regulate gene expression of mRNA targets. Here, we present a workflow to characterize the miRNA transcriptome of a non‐model plant, focusing on miRNAs and targets that are differentially expressed under one experimental treatment. We cover RNA‐seq experimental design to create paired small RNA and mRNA libraries and perform quality control of raw data, de novo mRNA transcriptome assembly and annotation, miRNA prediction, differential expression, target identification, and functional enrichment analysis. Additionally, we include validation of differential expression and miRNA‐induced target cleavage using qRT‐PCR and modified RNA ligase–mediated 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends, respectively. Our procedure relies on freely available software and web resources. It is intended for users that lack programming skills but can navigate a command‐line interface. To enable an understanding of formatting requirements and anticipated results, we provide sample RNA‐seq data and key input/output files for each stage. © 2019 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Investigating the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in Disease Phenotypes and Drug Screening
Authors: Bhosale Gauri , Duchen Michael R.
Published: May 2019

Mitochondria act as ‘sinks’ for Ca2+ signaling, with mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake linking physiological stimuli to increased ATP production. However, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload can induce a cellular catastrophe by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). This pore is a large conductance pathway in the inner mitochondrial membrane that causes bioenergetic collapse and appears to represent a final common path to cell death in many diseases. The role of the mPTP as a determinant of disease outcome is best established in ischemia/reperfusion injury in the heart, brain, and kidney, and it is also implicated in neurodegenerative disorders and muscular dystrophies. As the probability of pore opening can be modulated by drugs, it represents a useful pharmacological target for translational research in drug discovery. Described in this unit is a protocol utilizing isolated mitochondria to quantify this phenomenon and to develop a high‐throughput platform for phenotypic screens for Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. © 2019 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Thermal analysis of north wall insulated greenhouse dryer at different bed conditions operating under natural convection mode
Authors: Ahmad Asim , Prakash Om
Published: May 2019

An experimental investigation has been carried out on the modified greenhouse dryer with insulated north wall operating under natural convection mode of heat transfer for different floor conditions, namely ground floor, concrete floor, gravel floor, and black painted gravel floor. The terms like coefficient of diffusivity, coefficient of performance, overall heat transfer coefficient, heat loss factor, and heat utilization factor has been calculated for different floor conditions. The maximum difference between room temperature and ambient temperature was found to be 32.4°C at 13 O'clock for black painted gravel floor, followed by gravel floor, concrete floor, and ground floor which are 27, 14.1, and 11.5°C, respectively. It has been observed that the rise in the percentage of maximum room temperature in comparison to maximum ambient temperature for black painted gravel floor, gravel floor, concrete floor, and the ground floor was 50.31, 46.15, 30.1, and 26.6%, respectively at 13 O'clock. It has been found that the maximum temperature absorbed by black painted gravel bed. Hence, this type of floor condition is highly recommended for drying of low and medium moisture content type vegetables and fruits. The thermal parameters of the result obtain from the present setup was compared with the published literature, and it was found that all parameters show the similar trends; however, the present setup shows the superior performance compared to other research work.
A low‐cost, automated parasite diagnostic system via a portable, robotic microscope and deep learning
Authors: Li Yaning , Zheng Rui , Wu Yizhen , Chu Kaiqin , Xu Qianming , Sun Mingzhai , Smith Zachary J.
Published: May 2019

Manual hand counting of parasites in fecal samples requires costly components and substantial expertise, limiting its use in resource‐constrained settings and encouraging overuse of prophylactic medication. To address this issue, a cost‐effective, automated parasite diagnostic system that does not require special sample preparation or a trained user was developed. It is composed of an inexpensive (~US$350), portable, robotic microscope that can scan over the size of an entire McMaster chamber (100 mm2) and capture high‐resolution (~1 μm lateral resolution) bright field images without need for user intervention. Fecal samples prepared using the McMaster flotation method were imaged, with the imaging region comprising the entire McMaster chamber. These images are then automatically segmented and analyzed using a trained convolution neural network (CNN) to robustly separate eggs from background debris. Simple postprocessing of the CNN output yields both egg species and egg counts. The system was validated by comparing accuracy with hand‐counts by a trained operator, with excellent performance. As a further demonstration of utility, the system was used to conveniently quantify drug response over time in a single animal, showing residual disease due to Anthelmintic resistance after 2 weeks.
New Prediction Equations to Estimate Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Using Calf Circumference: Results From NHANES 1999–2006
Authors: Santos Leonardo Pozza , Gonzalez Maria Cristina , Orlandi Silvana Paiva , Bielemann Renata Moraes , Barbosa‐Silva Thiago G. , Heymsfield Steven B. ,   COCONUT Study Group
Published: May 2019

Background

Low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) is associated with negative outcomes, but its assessment requires proper limb muscle evaluation. We aimed to verify how anthropometric circumferences are correlated to ASM and to develop new prediction equations based on calf circumference and other anthropometric measures, using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as the reference method.

Methods

DEXA and anthropometric information from 15,293 adults surveyed in the 1999–2006 NHANES were evaluated. ASM was defined by the sum of the lean soft tissue from the limbs. Anthropometric data included BMI and calf, arm, thigh, and waist circumferences. Correlations were assessed by Pearson's correlation, and multivariable linear regression produced 4 different ASM prediction equations. The concordance and the overall 95% limits of agreement between measured and estimated ASM were assessed using Lin's coefficient and Bland‐Altman's approach.

Results

Calf and thigh circumferences were highly correlated with ASM, independent of age and ethnicity. Among the models, the best performance came from the equation constituted solely by calf circumference, sex, race, and age as independent variables, which was able to explain almost 90% of the DEXA‐measured ASM variation. The inclusion of different anthropometric parameters in the model increased collinearity without improving estimates. Concordance between the four developed equations and DEXA‐measured ASM was high (Lin's concordance coefficient >0.90).

Conclusion

Despite the good performance of the four developed equations in predicting ASM, the best results came from the equation constituted only by calf circumference, sex, race, and age. This equation allows satisfactory ASM estimation from a single anthropometric measurement.
Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound as a Component of Preparticipation Screening of Athletes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cassels Michael , Moulson Nathaniel , Regan Jackie , MacDonald Mackenzie , Isserow Saul , Johri Amer M. , McKinney James
Published: May 2019

This review examined whether the addition of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) to electrocardiography (ECG)‐inclusive preparticipation screening strategies has the potential to reduce false‐positive results and detect diseases associated with sudden cardiac death that may not be identified through current modalities. Five studies, representing 2646 athletes, demonstrated that ECG‐inclusive preparticipation screening strategies resulted in positive results in 19.9% of the cohort. With the addition of POCUS, positive results were reduced to 4.9%, and 1 additional condition potentially associated with sudden cardiac death was identified. The magnitude of positive results with POCUS may be reduced if current ECG criteria were applied.
Degraded land restoration ecological way through horti‐pasture systems and soil moisture conservation to sustain productive economic viability
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Singh Amit Kumar , Singh Ramesh , Ghosh Avijit , Chaudhary Manoj , Shukla Arun Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Singh Harsh Varrdhan , Ahmed Akram , Kumar Ram Vinod
Published: May 2019

Alternate land uses that restore ecological balance with economic viability are desirable. Alternate land uses, that is, horti‐pasture systems (HPSs) with Emblica officinalis and Psidium guajava trees and pasture (Cenchrus ciliaris + Stylosanthes seabrana), were introduced with different soil moisture conservation measures (staggered contour trenches [T1], continuous contour trenches [T2], stone mulch [T3], vegetative barriers [T4], and control [T5]) for reclamation of degraded land and to test their capacity to perform ecological functions and provide economic return to the farmers. After 10 years, T1 increased soil organic carbon by ~58% and 15% over control in Emblica‐ and Psidium‐based HPS, respectively. T1 stipulated fruit and pasture yield by ~45% and 90% and 32% and 22% over control plots, in those HPS, respectively; T1 also improved fodder and fruit quality. Changing climates significantly affected the fruit and pasture yield. Despite this, T1 assured a benefit–cost ratio of 3.78 and 4.23 in those HPSs, respectively. The sustainable yield index for fruit and pasture in T1 were approximately (a) 1.85 and 1.68 and (b) 1.33 and 1.25 times higher than control, for Emblica‐ and Psidium‐based HPS, respectively. Soil moisture conservation could enhance profit by ~30% and 20% in those HPSs, respectively over control. T1 can potentially recycle approximately (a) 83%, 77%, and 71% and (b) 62%, 122%, and 81% higher N, P, and K than control in those HPSs, respectively. Thus, Emblica‐ and Psidium‐based HPS with staggered trenching could be replicated on a wide scale to enhance income, ensure fodder supply, and improve degraded land.
In planning major organization change, communicate with staff early and often
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: May 2019

All the number‐crunching and logistics around plans to combine two provider organizations can result in losing sight of how staff members are processing the news — and the inevitable rumors that surface. As they moved toward announcing plans to combine operations with those of Community Psychiatric Clinic by this fall, leaders at the King County, Washington–based mental health organization Sound shaped a communication effort for its workforce both for the day of the announcement and beyond.
Peers beginning to represent both stable, evolving workforce
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2019

Peer specialists have been a mainstay in the mental health community for many years now, helping others with mental health issues navigate their way in communities. The peer workforce has meanwhile evolved and expanded to include their presence in leadership capacities, and immersed itself in wellness activities and health promotion.
Detection of maturity and ligament injury using magic angle directional imaging
Authors: Chappell Karyn E. , Brujic Djordje , Van Der Straeten Catherine , Meeson Richard , Gedroyc Wladyslaw , McRobbie Donald , Ristic Mihailo
Published: May 2019

Purpose

To investigate whether magnetic field–related anisotropies of collagen may be correlated with postmortem findings in animal models.

Methods

Optimized scan planning and new MRI data‐processing methods were proposed and analyzed using Monte Carlo simulations. Six caprine and 10 canine knees were scanned at various orientations to the main magnetic field. Image intensities in segmented voxels were used to compute the orientation vectors of the collagen fibers. Vector field and tractography plots were computed. The Alignment Index was defined as a measure of orientation distribution. The knees were subsequently assessed by a specialist orthopedic veterinarian, who gave a pathological diagnosis after having dissected and photographed the joints.

Results

Using 50% less scans than reported previously can lead to robust calculation of fiber orientations in the presence of noise, with much higher accuracy. The 6 caprine knees were found to range from very immature (< 3 months) to very mature (> 3 years). Mature specimens exhibited significantly more aligned collagen fibers in their patella tendons compared with the immature ones. In 2 of the 10 canine knees scanned, partial cranial caudal ligament tears were identified from MRI and subsequently confirmed with encouragingly high consistency of tractography, Alignment Index, and dissection results.

Conclusion

This method can be used to detect injury such as partial ligament tears, and to visualize maturity‐related changes in the collagen structure of tendons. It can provide the basis for new, noninvasive diagnostic tools in combination with new scanner configurations that allow less‐restricted field orientations.
A combined 32‐channel receive‐loops/8‐channel transmit‐dipoles coil array for whole‐brain MR imaging at 7T
Authors: Clément Jérémie , Gruetter Rolf , Ipek Özlem
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Multichannel receive arrays provide high SNR and parallel‐imaging capabilities, while transmit‐only dipole arrays have been shown to achieve a large coverage of the whole‐brain including the cerebellum. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize the performances of a 32‐channel receive‐only loop array combined with an 8‐channel dipole coil array at 7T for the first time.

Methods

The 8Tx‐dipoles/32Rx‐loops coil array was characterized by the SNR, g‐factors, noise correlation matrix, accelerated image quality, and maps, and compared with a commercial 1Tx‐birdcage/32Rx‐loops array. Simulated and measured maps were shown for the 8Tx‐dipoles/32Rx‐loops coil array and compared with the 8Tx/Rx dipole array.

Results

The in‐house built 32‐channel receive coil demonstrated a large longitudinal coverage of the brain, particularly the upper neck area. G‐factors and accelerated MR acquisitions demonstrated robust performances up to R = 4 in 2D, and R = 8 (4 × 2) in 3D. A 83% increase in SNR was measured over the cerebellum with the in‐house built 8Tx/32Rx coil array compared to the commercial 1Tx/32Rx, while similar performances were obtained in the cerebral cortex.

Conclusions

The combined 32‐channel receive/8‐channel transmit coil array demonstrated high transmit‐receive performances compared to the commercial receive array at 7T, notably in the cerebellum. We conclude that in combination with parallel transmit capabilities, this coil is particularly suitable for whole‐brain MR studies at 7T.
Cross‐Linked Spirocyclic Quaternary Ammonium‐Based Anion Exchange Membrane with Tunable Properties for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Chu Fuqiang , Chu Xufeng , Zhang Shuai , Zhu Huanhuan , Ren Yurong , Han Juanjuan , Xie Ruigang , Lin Bencai , Ding Jianning
Published: May 2019

The alkaline stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is crucial to the performance of alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Here, we have prepared and characterization of a series of new spirocyclic quaternary ammonium‐based AEMs with good alkaline stability. The AEMs was obtained by UV‐initiated polymerization of N, N‐diallylpiperidinium bromide ([DAPip][Br]), styrene and acrylonitrile. The water uptake, swelling ratio, IEC and conductivity of the AEMs increase with increasing the [DAPip][Br] content. The transparent and mechanically robust AEMs show high conductivities (7.99×10−2 S cm−1 at 80 °C) and good alkaline stability in 1 M KOH solution at 80 °C. The single cell with [DAPip][OH]20 showed a maximum power density of 93.9 mW cm−2. The spirocyclic quaternary ammonium‐based AEMs with an aliphatic backbone will open up new prospects for the preparation of AEMs with excellent alkaline stability and high conductivity.
Hierarchical Porous Activated Carbon Obtained by a Novel Heating‐Rate‐Induced Method for Lithium‐Ion Capacitor
Authors: Sun Jing , Yang Shuhua , Ai Jingui , Yang Chao , Jia Qi , Cao Bingqiang
Published: May 2019

Lithium‐ion capacitor (LIC) is an advanced energy storage system due to the combination of high energy density and rapid charge–discharge capability. However, one of the challenges is to improve the specific capacitance and energy density of cathode at high power density. For activated carbon based cathode, the unique hierarchical porous structure and suitable graphitization are crucial for the improvement of the specific capacitance and energy density. Herein, a novel heating‐rate‐induced method is developed to prepare corncob‐derived activated carbons (C‐ACs) with high electrochemical performances. The as‐obtained C‐ACs possess large surface area (1154 m2 g−1), optimal hierarchical porous structure, and suitable graphitization. Particularly, optimal hierarchical porous structure contains not only the high energy storage of the micropores but also the high‐rate performance of the mesopores and macropores. The optimized C‐ACs‐8 electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 158 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, exciting rate performance, and fast charge transfer capability. A lithium‐ion capacitor device based on C‐ACs‐8 cathode delivers a high energy density of 75 Wh kg−1 at power density of 562 W kg−1 and shows a long cycle life with 86.4% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles.
Juno versus Diana: The treatment of Elizabeth I's marriage in plays and entertainments, 1561–1581
Authors: Doran Susan
Published: May 2019

In the plays and entertainments performed before the queen from 1561 to 1578, the virginity of Elizabeth was not idealized but instead marriage was celebrated as a preferable state to chastity. Robert Dudley in particular commissioned such dramatic works to assist his courtship of the queen, but the earl of Sussex, and possibly others, used masques to press on her the suit of the Archduke Charles of Austria. The iconography of chastity appeared for the first time in 1578 when Elizabeth embarked on the Anjou marriage negotiations. During the queen's visit to Norwich in the summer she was offered entertainments which implicitly criticized the matrimonial project by idealizing her virginity. For the next three years, opponents of the match followed this lead and cultivated the image of the Virgin Queen as a means of sabotaging the royal marriage plans. Thereafter Elizabeth exploited the image for her own political purposes.
Political Liberalism and Political Education
Authors: Callan Eamonn
Published: May 2019

John Rawls expounds a new liberal political theory that supposedly differs from traditional varieties in the narrowness of its scope and the distinctive solution it offers to the problem of legitimacy. The contrast between Rawls's “political liberalism” and “ethical liberalism” is said to emerge strikingly in the approach to political education each entails. But the differences Rawls stresses between the two liberalisms are illusory, and the real implications of his theory for political education clearly show this. However, Rawls does offer a powerful case for a liberal political theory, albeit of a traditional kind, and its educational agenda can be endorsed as a corrective to political domination and manipulation, even though the agenda must be pursued at the cost of some ethical diversity.
The Moral Politics of Hans Morgenthau
Authors: Murray A. J. H.
Published: May 2019

It is argued that, in contrast to traditional interpretations, Morgenthau's theory of international politics is primarily concerned with the normative, and that, in contrast to revisionist accounts, the moral theory he generates is rooted in the Judeo-Christian tradition of moral thought. Morgenthau adopts an Augustinian, rather than Hobbesian-Machiavellian, moral framework, reconciling cosmopolitan principles with a recalcitrant reality by representing their relationship as a dialectical tension. This leads him to develop a practical morality which emphasizes the continued application of cosmopolitan imperatives to action, mitigated by a consequentialist orientation which demands that they be applied cautiously and always adapted to circumstances. This generates a political morality which reconciles the imperatives of morality and national survival by asserting that, while the national interest must be protected, it must always be subjected to strict moral limitations. It is therefore concluded that his approach ultimately culminates in a traditional, Judeo-Christian, nonperfectionist ethic.
Nicosulfuron Resistance and Metabolism in Terbufos- and Naphthalic Anhydride-Treated Corn
Authors: Siminszky Balazs , Corbin Frederick T. , Sheldon Yvonna
Published: May 2019

Synergistic interaction between the insecticide terbufos and the herbicide nicosulfuron may result in severe injury to corn. Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to determine if using the imidazolinone-resistant corn ‘Pioneer-3343 IR’ (P-3343 IR) or coating corn seeds with naphthalic anhydride (NA) would reduce herbicidal injury imposed by the nicosulfuron-terbufos interaction. Greenhouse experiments showed nicosulfuron-terbufos interactions resulting in herbicidal injury in both P-3343 IR and ‘DeKalb 689’ (D-689) corn varieties, but the D-689 was more sensitive than the P-3343 IR corn. The greenhouse experiments also demonstrated protection against the nicosulfuron-terbufos interaction by NA seed treatments. Studies with radiolabeled nicosulfuron showed that terbufos inhibited the metabolism of nicosulfuron, but pretreatment of D-689 and P-3343 IR corn seed with NA decreased the inhibition in excised corn leaves. The differences in sensitivity to nicosulfuron in the two corn varieties resulted in part from the differential metabolism and primarily from the differential sensitivity of the target enzyme, acetolactate synthase, to the herbicide.
Copper-Containing Aquatic Herbicides Increase Geosmin Biosynthesis byStreptomyces tendaeandPenicillium expansum
Authors: Dionigi Christopher P. , Champagne Elaine T.
Published: May 2019

Copper-containing herbicides are often applied to control photoautotrophic populations to reduce biosynthesis of the earthy odorant geosmin. The objective of this investigation was to determine the effects of copper-containing herbicides on geosmin and biomass biosynthesis by heterotrophic cultures of the bacteriumStreptomyces tendaeand the fungusPenicillium expansum.Cultures ofS. tendaetreated with 12.7 mg Cu L−1(copper sulfate) accumulated 44.6% more biomass and the mycelium contained five-fold greater concentrations of geosmin than controls. Additionally,P. expansumcultures exposed to 12.7 mg Cu L−1(copper sulfate) accumulated 9.2% more biomass and 18-fold greater concentrations of geosmin than controls. Cultures ofP. expansumandS. tendae, treated with copper chloride, copper-ethylenediamine complex, and copper chelate also accumulated more geosmin and biomass than controls. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry of S.tendaeof untreated control cultures indicated that cellular copper concentrations were below 0.5 mg Cu kg−1. However,S. tendaecells grown on a medium containing 5 mg Cu L−1copper sulfate contained 12.88 ± 0.54 mg Cu kg−1, suggesting that cellular accumulation of copper may be associated with increased geosmin biosynthesis. If field microbial populations exhibit similar responses to copper, copper-algicide application may contribute to geosmin-induced “off-flavors” under certain circumstances.
Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Recruitment, Survival, Seed Production, and Interference in Soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Lindquist John L. , Maxwell Bruce D. , Buhler Douglas D. , Gunsolus Jeffrey L.
Published: May 2019

Field studies were conducted at Rosemount, MN, in 1992 and 1993 to quantify the demographic processes regulating the population dynamics of velvetleaf in soybean as part of a corn-soybean rotation. A consistent 6.8 ± 0.5% of the total velvetleaf seedbank emerged each year. Less than 21% of all velvetleaf seedlings survived each year in mixture with soybean, due in part toVerticilliumspp wilt infection. The probability of seedling survival varied across time of emergence. Velvetleaf seed production in the absence of crop competition was 125 and 227 seeds plant−1in 1992 and 1993, respectively. Velvetleaf plants that emerged early produced greater numbers of seed than later emerging plants. Velvetleaf survival and seed production were reduced up to 82% in the presence of crop competition. Soybean yield varied across soybean densities in both years, but was not reduced across velvetleaf densities.
‘Olathe’ Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Response to Postemergence Imazethapyr and Bentazon
Authors: Bauer Troy A. , Renner Karen A. , Penner Donald
Published: May 2019

Dry bean producers have limited postemergence broadleaf weed control options. The purpose of this research was to determine whether bentazon increased dry edible bean tolerance to postemergence imazethapyr applications. Imazethapyr and bentazon were applied with a petroleum oil adjuvant to ‘Olathe’ pinto bean in the field and greenhouse. Imazethapyr injured pinto bean 7 DAT in the field and greenhouse. Chlorophyllacontent, a quantitative measure of bean chlorosis, decreased compared to the untreated control following imazethapyr application. When 840 g ha−1of bentazon was tank-mixed with 53 g ha−1of imazethapyr, bean injury decreased and chlorophyllaincreased compared to imazethapyr alone. Fifty three g ha−1of imazethapyr delayed physiological maturity by 8 and 15 d compared to the untreated control in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Pinto bean seed yields were not reduced compared to the untreated control. When 840 g ha−1of bentazon was tank-mixed with 53 g ha−1of imazethapyr, maturity was not delayed.14C-Imazethapyr absorption decreased by more than 40% and translocation of14C from the treated leaf decreased by more than 50% when14C-imazethapyr was tank-mixed with bentazon compared to14C-imazethapyr alone. The addition of 20 mM Na-acetate inhibited absorption of14C-imazethapyr, but did not inhibit translocation of14C. The decreased absorption and translocation of imazethapyr when tank-mixed with bentazon likely accounts for the safening effect observed in greenhouse and field studies.
Soil Light Penetration and Dormancy of Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) Seeds
Authors: Benvenuti Stefano
Published: May 2019

Trials were carried out to determine the degree of light transmittance through soil and its role in photo-induced germination of buried weed seeds. Transmittance was found to be strongly dependent on soil type and decreased with decreasing particle size and with an increase in darker components. In each soil examined, light penetration fell below 0.01% at a depth of no more than 4 mm. It was also noted that with increasing soil depth, light permeability was proportional to wavelength, leading to progressive decline in the red-far red ratio. Low light penetration played a crucial role in germination of jimsonweed seeds, which had became light-sensitive after prolonged burial. Although this effect is a function of soil type, it may represent an important ecological factor influencing seed emergence in the first few mm of upper soil layers.
The Basis for the Hard-Water Antagonism of Glyphosate Activity
Authors: Thelen Kurt D. , Jackson Evelyn P. , Penner Donald
Published: May 2019

Hard-water cations, such as Ca+2and Mg+2, present in the spray solution can greatly reduce the efficacy of glyphosate. These cations potentially compete with the isopropylamine in the formulation for association with the glyphosate anion.14C-Glyphosate absorption by sunflower was reduced in the presence of Ca+2. The addition of ammonium sulfate overcame the observed decrease in14C-glyphosate absorption. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was used to study the chemical effects of calcium and calcium plus ammonium sulfate (AMS) on the glyphosate molecule. Data indicate an association of calcium with both the carboxyl and phosphonate groups on the glyphosate molecule. Initially, a random association of the compounds occurred; however, the reaction progressed to yield a more structured, chelate type complex over time. NH4+from AMS effectively competed with calcium for complexation sites on the glyphosate molecule. Data suggest that the observed calcium antagonism of glyphosate and AMS reversal of the antagonism are chemically based.