bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der heliopolitanische Türpfosten mit der 2. Annaleninschrift Sesostris’ I.
Authors: Hernández Roberto Díaz
Published: June 2019

A Heliopolitan inscription in a temple door post from Sesostris I’s times was published by Daressy in 1903. It has since then been almost entirely disregarded by Egyptologists despite its relevance on Sesostris I’s policy regarding endowments to Egyptian temples. This paper is the first historical and philological study of such a document and it aims to shed some new light on Sesostris I’s reign. It comprises four parts —dating and purpose of the temple door post (I); general remarks on the text (II); transcription and transliteration (III); explanatory notes (IV).
The Block Statue of Ḏd-ḥr
Authors: Metawi Dina
Published: June 2019

Publication of a block statue (JE 36668) with a separate fragmentary base (JE 36669). Both objects came from the Karnak Cachette and are on display in the Cairo Museum. The statue owner, a man named Ḏd-ḥr, held a number of important priestly titles, such as: jt-nṯr, ḥm-nṯr, ḥm-ḏw, and rdwy-nṯr of Amun at Karnak. The statue can be dated, on stylistic grounds, to the post-Persian Period.
De la lecture des graphies synthétiques de noms de couronnement ptolémaïques
Authors: Habachy Mounir
Published: June 2019

In the present study, when a comparison is made between the combination of divine attributes s
ḫ
m and onX represented at the end of the “long complete” cartouches, and those held by the divinities inside “synthetic complete” cartouches of Ptolemy V and Ptolemy XII, the reading sXm-onX-Jmn is acceptable. But, when the same method is applied to the cartouches of Ptolemy IX Soter II, the reading becomes problematic. We are trying, then, to examine the reading of the Coronation name of this king.
Les Blemmyes en l’an 90 de l’ère de Dioclétien
Authors: Sakamoto Tsubasa
Published: June 2019

In the year 90 of the era of Diocletian, AD 373, an enigmatic incident occurs in Nubia. This event being related to the history of Philae in an important way, the present article is intended to identify its historical setting on the basis of archaeological and textual materials. Guided by a monument discovered in Tafa, we shall attempt to understand the circumstances of the incident and its significance in the southern frontier of Egypt.
Substantial Heritable Variation in Recombination Rate on Multiple Scales in Honeybees and Bumblebees
Authors: Kawakami Takeshi , Wallberg Andreas , Olsson Anna , Wintermantel Dimitry , de Miranda Joachim R , Allsopp Mike , Rundlöf Maj , Webster Matthew T
Published: June 2019

Meiotic recombination shuffles genetic variation and promotes correct segregation of chromosomes. Rates of recombination vary on several scales, both within genomes and between individuals, and this variation is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Social insects have extremely high rates of recombination, although the evolutionary causes of this are not known. Here, we estimate rates of crossovers and gene conversions in 22 colonies of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, and 9 colonies of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, using direct sequencing of 299 haploid drone offspring. We confirm that both species have extremely elevated crossover rates, with higher rates measured in the highly eusocial honeybee than the primitively social bumblebee. There are also significant differences in recombination rate between subspecies of honeybee. There is substantial variation in genome-wide recombination rate between individuals of both A. mellifera and B. terrestris and the distribution of these rates overlap between species. A large proportion of interindividual variation in recombination rate is heritable, which indicates the presence of variation in trans-acting factors that influence recombination genome-wide. We infer that levels of crossover interference are significantly lower in honeybees compared to bumblebees, which may be one mechanism that contributes to higher recombination rates in honeybees. We also find a significant increase in recombination rate with distance from the centromere, mirrored by methylation differences. We detect a strong transmission bias due to GC-biased gene conversion associated with noncrossover gene conversions. Our results shed light on the mechanistic causes of extreme rates of recombination in social insects and the genetic architecture of recombination rate variation.
Concentration and Power in the Food System: Who Controls What We Eat? by Philip H. Howard
Authors: Poitevin-DesRivières Chloé
Published: June 2019

book review
Supply management and the business activities of Ontario meat processors
Authors: Hansen Sterne Rita , Van Duren Erna
Published: June 2019

Canadian supply management policies in dairy, poultry and eggs have been hotly debated for over 50 years. During the most recent renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 2017-2018, the U.S. threatened to cancel NAFTA if concessions were not made to Canada’s supply management policies in agriculture. During the renegotiation, many arguments for and against supply management in agriculture were repeated, some were updated, and some newer perspectives relating to sustainability and social responsivity were more enthusiastically discussed. Most arguments critical of supply management have been developed using economic analyses of market and industry-level impacts of supply management. On the other hand, supportive arguments are often qualitative, focus on the survival of smaller farms and generally lack empirical investigation based on application of relevant theory. This paper uses management theory to investigate the impact of supply management of management and business activities on food processing firms.  We use a framework that links business activities with the broad regulatory environment to interpret evidence from a study of independent meat processors in Ontario, Canada, particularly those that processed turkey, which is a supply managed sector; and pork, which is not. Results suggest that the broad regulatory environment facing Ontario meat processors is of greater concern to managers of independent processing businesses than the specific regulatory environment of supply management. Results also suggest the value creation activities and strategies used by a business may affect how managers assess opportunities and challenges in this specific regulatory environment.
Farm safety: A prerequisite for sustainable food production in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Butler Lesley , Dabrowska Ewa M. , Neis Barbara
Published: June 2019

A sustainable approach to food production must address both environmental sustainability and the wellbeing of food producers. Farming is one of the most dangerous occupations globally with high rates of injury, fatality, and occupational disease. However, occupational hazards and the practices that lead to unsafe working environments are often overlooked in sustainable food system research. Poor management of occupational health and safety (OHS) can potentially threaten the survival of individual agricultural operations through injury and illness of the operator, family members, and employees. Gaps in agricultural safety knowledge, prevention, and compensation have been unevenly addressed in Canada. This paper presents findings from the first study of agricultural OHS in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). Findings from a 2015-2016 survey of 31 food-producing operators representing 34 large and small operations in three NL regions show: 1) that hazards present within these operations are similar to those found in other contexts; 2) accidents are relatively common and most are not reported to workers’ compensation; 3) some participating operators were unsure whether their farms are subject to the regulations in the NL OHS Act; and, 4) there are gaps in workers’ compensation coverage. Some reliance on local and international volunteers and limited safety training point to other potential vulnerabilities. Study findings highlight the need to incorporate a focused strategy for injury prevention and compensation into efforts to develop a stronger and more sustainable food system in NL. We outline an agenda for future action relevant for NL and other places facing similar gaps and challenges.
The Eating Instinct: Food Culture, Body Image, and Guilt in America by Virginia Sole-Smith
Authors: Bessey Meredith
Published: June 2019

Book Review
Engaged Scholarship and the Arts
Authors: Bishop Kathy , Etmanski Catherine , Page M. Beth
Published: June 2019

Singing and songwriting; graffiti, protest art, and mobile art installations; oral, digital, video, literary, métissage, and mixed media storytelling; drawing, photography, and other visual arts; Witness Blanketing and body mapping; embodying Indigenous literatures and expressing values through metaphor; dancing, performing, and more—as you will read in this special issue, these creative actions have become essential to the practice of engaged scholarship.
Narrative Métissage as an Innovative Engagement Practice
Authors: Bishop Kathy , Etmanski Catherine , Page M. Beth , Dominguez Brian , Heykoop Cheryl
Published: June 2019

Métissage is a creative method that can be used for engaging people in research, learning, teaching, and community or organizational development. As five authors, we offer a window into our diverse experiences with métissage,providing a theoretical overview, a practical description of insights and processes when facilitating métissage workshops, some key lessons learned, and an example of a simple woven narrative of our experiences with métissage.
“Spirit, Safety, and a Stand-off ”: The Research-Creation Process and Its Roles in Relationality and Reconciliation among Researcher and Indigenous Co-Learners in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Neapetung Myron , Bradford Lori , Bharadwaj Lalita
Published: June 2019

Provision of safe water on reserves is an ongoing problem in Canada that can be addressed by mobilizing water knowledge across diverse platforms to a variety of audiences. A participatory artistic animation video on the lived experiences of Elderswith water in Yellow Quill First Nation, Treaty Four territory, was created to mobilize knowledge beyond conventional peer-review channels. Research findings from interviews with 22 Elders were translated through a collaborative process into a video with a storytelling format that harmonized narratives, visual arts, music, and meaningful symbols. Three themes emerged which centered on the spirituality of water, the survival need for water, and standoffs in water management. The translation process, engagement and video output were evaluated using an autoethnographic approach with two members of the research team. We demonstrate how the collaborative research process and co-created video enhance community-based participatory knowledge translation and sharing. We also express how the video augments First Nations community ownership, control, access and possession (OCAP) of research information that aligns with their storytelling traditions and does so in a youth-friendly, e-compatible form. Through the evaluative process we share lessons learned about the value and effectiveness of the video as a tool for fostering partnerships, and reconciliation. The benefits and positive impacts of the video for the Yellow Quill community and for community members are discussed.
The heART of Activism: Stories of Community Engagement
Authors: Monk David , Jayme Bruno de Oliviera , Salvi Emilie
Published: June 2019

This paper invites the reader to consider the power and potential of art for public engagement, and its use in social movement learning and in demanding the world we want now. The authors frame social movements as important sites of scholarship and learning. They emphasize that by applying creative strategies to engage in critical thought about the nature of the world and one’s position in it, artforms have the potential to make essential contributions to social change. Inspired by literature related to critical art-based learning and learning in social movements, the authors explore representations of protest art and public art exhibitions. They contextualize their writing with stories of mobile art exhibits in Sao Paulo, the ‘maple spring’ in Montreal (Tiotia:ke in the language of the Kanien’kehá:ka), and anti–Bill C-51 protests in Lekwungen territory (Victoria, British Columbia). They present and reflect on their own experiences of using art as engagement and as a representation of voice in public demonstrations.
Extemporaneous Lessons on Place, Space, and Identity: Graffiti as a Pedagogical Disruption
Authors: Jubas Kaela , Lenters Kimberly
Published: June 2019

In this interdisciplinary article, we employ scholarship from educational studies, cultural studies, geography, and sociology. We use graffiti texts we have encountered ourselves in places where we have lived or visited as examples of how graffiti becomes pedagogical. Theoretically, the concepts of public pedagogy, new mobilities, and affect theory — notably Sara Ahmed’s ideas — complement Doreen Massey’s ideas about place, space, and identity, and are cornerstones of our framework. As we consider them, pedagogy and learning are multidimensional processes, which involve intellect or cognition, affect or emotion, sensation, and perception. Place, space, and identity are taken up as sociomaterial phenomena, whose meanings develop as people, texts, physical structures, and various cultural artifacts come into contact with one another and with ideologies about what is (ab)normal and (un)desirable that circulate throughout and across societies. In presenting and discussing examples of graffiti texts we have encountered where we live or visit, we identify three pedagogical purposes that graffiti artists might employ: contemplation, reflection, and action. We close by considering implications for teaching and learning across disciplines, age groups, and context.
Confronting Gentrification: Can Creative Interventions Help People Keep More than Just Their Homes?
Authors: Thurber Amie , Christiano Janine
Published: June 2019

Gentrification is changing the landscape of many American cities. As land values rise, people may lose their homes, neighbors, and sites of significance, along with their sense of place, community, and history. There is a critical need to build and preserve affordable housing, yet housing alone will not address the more than material losses. What role can the arts play in sustaining place attachments, restoring relationships, and building place knowledge in gentrifying neighborhoods? This paper explores this question through a systematic review of current research. We identify four prominent alternative interventions in gentrifying neighborhoods—creative placemaking, public pedagogy, community organizing, and public science—and explicate strengths and limitations of each approach. We find the strongest interventions bridge approaches—engaging artists as/and researchers, educators, and community leaders—and mobilize residents as participants in knowledge/cultural production. We note that initiatives that provide short-term benefit may simultaneously make the neighborhood more desirable—and thus more vulnerable to gentrification—in the longer-term. Finally, given the dearth of research in this area, we conclude with recommendations for future research that attends to issues of equity, process as well as outcome, and longitudinal effects of more than material interventions in gentrifying neighborhoods.
Visualizing Inclusive Leadership: Using Arts-based Research to Develop an Aligned University Culture
Authors: McKendry Virginia L.
Published: June 2019

Values of exclusive leadership characterize the administration of the neoliberal university, but are incongruous with values of inclusive leadership often enacted in the work of teaching, learning, and research. This article explores how an action research project to advance inclusive leadership at Royal Roads University adapted a visual data elicitation method and used metaphor analysis to reveal opportunities to align espoused, communicated, and enacted values. Images evoke metaphors (Mumby & Spitzack, 1983; Vakkayil, 2008) that enable researchers engaged in their own organizational development to elicit creative possibilities that are “covered up by the familiarity of everyday experience” (Koch & Deetz, 1981, p. 13). By eliciting desired qualities associated with inclusive leadership (Rayner, 2009), we have been able to make visible and model inclusive messages, structures, behaviours, strategies, and actions as the building blocks of a culture built on the value of inclusivity and collaboration, and the principles of diversity and interdependence. One key insight of the research is that arts-based action research effectively equips academic and administrative leaders to transcend deficit-based problem solving and the reductionism associated with neoliberal university management and to approach organizational development with the creative energy that arts-based research inspires.
Unpacking the Layers of Community Engagement, Participation, and Knowledge Co-Creation when Representing the Visual Voices of LGBTQ Former Foster Youth
Authors: Capous-Desyllas Moshoula , Mountz Sarah E. , Pestine-Stevens Althea
Published: June 2019

This article highlights the various ways in which we represented the visual voices of LGBTQ former foster youth through photovoice methodology in order to engage various stakeholders, diverse communities, and the participants themselves. We locate our research within other similar community-based, participatory projects and weave in our collective experiences. Through the juxtaposition of academic literature with the various steps of our research process, this article provides our critical reflections of our engagement process as we prepared for the research, interacted with the community, shared our findings, and incorporated social change efforts through the dissemination of  the visual data in various formal and informal spaces.
Hey, Hey, Hey—Listen to What I Gotta Say: Songs Elevate Youth Voice in Alberta Wildfire Disaster Recovery
Authors: Plush Tamara , Cox Robin
Published: June 2019

Music pulses emotion in its lyrics, its tune, and in the creative process.A song can move people to dance, to reflect, and—often—to act. For an artist, a song’s creation can also reveal and clarify one’s own emotions. When people listen, a song can legitimize that the artists have something valuable to say—especially when the artists are youth who believe their ideas need a wider audience. This article talks about the power of song for youth recovery post-disaster in the context of the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire disaster in Alberta, Canada. It highlights the use of music in a community-engaged research project that aimed to understand and amplify youth ideas for improving their community. The article draws on the value of Youth-Adult Partnerships, where eight youth worked with a professional recording studio in the wildfire-affected community to produce original songs for a youth-centric social media campaign. Focusing on the youths’ songs and personal experiences of their development, the article offers ways forward for wildfire recovery through processes that strengthen youth voice and wellbeing. The community-engaged research process underscores the power of music creation as an empowering method for enhancing youth engagement and reveals youths’ insights through their musical reflections on their priorities for a resilient community after disaster.
Truthful Engagement: Making the Witness Blanket, an Ongoing Process of Reconciliation
Authors: - Hayalthkin’geme Carey Newman , Etmanski Catherine
Published: June 2019

This report from the field summarizes a conversation between Carey Newman and guest editor, Catherine Etmanski, which took place on January 12, 2018. The conversation focused on Carey’s work engaging people across Canada in a project titled The Witness Blanket. The Witness Blanket is a national monument of the Indian Residential School Era made of items collected from residential schools, from churches, government buildings, and traditional structures from across Canada. In this report, Carey provides insight into the process of collecting artefacts from communities across Canada. Although not all pieces he received were aesthetically pleasing—and neither were the stories associated with them—through this process, he learned the importance of including all voices and stories. With time and reflection, he learned the power of collective truth. While making the Witness Blanket, some items challenged his creativity and tested his commitment to include something from every contributor, but he felt a responsibility to find a place for them all. He also brings focus to traditional perspectives or ways of being that helped guide him through the process of building and leading a team through the expansive community engagement process and the eventual creation of a monument, national tour, and documentary film.
Confronting Sexual Violence Through Dance and Theatre Pedagogy
Authors: Rajan Doris , Jaberi Roshanak , Mojab Shahrzad
Published: June 2019

The historically-shaped violence embedded in ongoing relations of colonization and imperialism for both refugee and Indigenous women across the globe are stories mostly told in reports and statistics. The performance-based art forms of theatre and dance can enhance knowledge sharing, build relationships and assist women in a deeper understanding of their realities. In pursuit of an effective use of these art forms; however, scripted stories need to ensure that women who experience oppression, formulate the storytelling. In addition, the enactment and representation should share women’s material histories in order to contextualize experiences in terms of specific relations to land, war, violence, displacement and dispossession. Using the two case studies of Doris Rajan’s play, A Tender Path and Roshanak Jaberi’s multidisciplinary dance project, No Woman’s Land, this article examines how community-engaged research and performance arts-based approaches can be used to challenge and provoke our ways of understanding and thinking about how to disrupt and alter oppressive relations.
Learning, Doing and Teaching Together: Reflecting on our Arts Based Approach to Research, Education and Activism with and for Women Living with HIV
Authors: Greene Saara , Muchenje Marvelous , Cotnam Jasmine , Dunn Kristin , Frank Peggy , Nicholson Valerie , Odhiambo Apondi J. , Shore Krista , Kaida Angela
Published: June 2019

Body Mapping has been used for thousands of years by people who want to achieve a better understanding of themselves, their bodies and the world they live in. Artist Jane Solomon and psychologist Jonathan Morgan transformed Body Mapping for the “Long Life Project”, during the Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) roll-out of antiretrovirals in Khayelitsha township, South Africa in 2001. Body mapping enables participants to tell their stories in the face of intense HIV/AIDS stigma. We adapted Body Mapping for the Women, Art and Criminalizaton of HIV Non-Disclosure (WATCH) study, a community arts based research (CBR) approach to better understand the impact that Canadian laws criminalizing HIV non-disclosure have on women living with HIV. Our national team includes women living with HIV, service providers, and researchers. This reflection illustrates our collective and iterative process of learning, teaching and doing body mapping workshops with women living with HIV in Canada. We share our experiences of coming to Body Mapping as an arts-based approach to CBR, how our roles as researchers stretched to include community-based education, advocacy, and group facilitation, and how we embodied the artist-researcher identity as we disseminate our research in ways that actively engage the general public on laws criminalizing HIV nondisclosure laws vis-à-vis Body Mapping galleries.
Audience Engagement in Theatre for Social Change
Authors: Litwak Jessica
Published: June 2019

This report from the field describes some of the author’s methods of audience engagement as a means of social engagement, discussing the implications for practice. The report invites dialogue with the reader about the usefulness of audience engagement and ways it can be manifested before, during and after performance. Theatre is a vibrant and valuable tool for sparking dialogue and inspiring action around challenging social topics. Audiences who are engaged in the process of the performance beyond the standard role of passive spectator are more likely to be motivated to deliverable endeavors post performance. This report from the field offers four brief case studies as examples of audience engagement and includes pragmatic techniques for using theatre as a vehicle for personal and social change through audience engagement. It explores how artists can galvanize and empower audiences by creating experiential communities pre, during, and post-show. Drawing upon examples from high-quality international theatre projects written and directed by the author, the essay investigates and describes the work of The H.E.A.T. Collective including My Heart is in the East (U.S., U.K. and Europe), The FEAR Project (produced in the US, India and Czech Republic), Emma Goldman Day (U.S.).
Uncommitted Crimes: The Defiance of the Artistic Imagi/nation by Tara Atluri.
Authors: Bade Nikki
Published: June 2019

Tara Atluri’s book, Uncommitted Crimes: The Defiance of the Artistic Imagi/nation, is a celebration of those who are reimagining Canadian narratives of multiculturalism, diversity, and equity. Colonial, cisgendered, heteronormative, and racist narratives that may yet be invisible to the inhabitants of Turtle Island are revealed through Atluri’s depiction of a diverse selection of artists and art.
Creative Social Change: Leadership for a Healthy World by Kathryn Goldman Schuyler, E.B. Baugher, and K. Jironet
Authors: Dominguez Brian
Published: June 2019

Building Leadership Bridges, offers a path to bettering the world. The editors begin by interviewing distinguished thought leaders, systems thinkers, and social scientists around seven open-ended questions, creating a primer for what leadership can or should be.
Working the Margins of Community-Based Adult Learning: The Power of Arts-Making in Finding Voice and Creating Conditions for Seeing/Listening by S. Butterwick and C. Roy
Authors: Baldwin Cortney
Published: June 2019

Working the Margins of Community-Based Adult Learning is a well-rounded example of how art and creative forms of expression can influence, aid, and elevate transformative learning in community-based adult education. Specifically, the authors Shauna Butterwick and Carole Roy use an edited book format in a cohesive way to “gather stories from the margins and explore how various art and creative forms of expression can enable the voices of underrepresented individuals and communities to take shape and form” (p. ix).
Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek) seed extract against sodium nitrite toxicity in rats
Authors: ATİLA USLU Gözde , USLU Hamit , ADALI Yasemen
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Feeding habits and environmental factors may rival genetic susceptibility as etiological factors related to various cancers. Humans are continuously exposed to many synthetic food additives, one of which is sodium nitrite (NaNO2). There is a direct correlation between increases in consumption of nitrite-treated products and incidence of tissue damage, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and some types of cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG) on NaNO2-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

Methods: Forty rats were randomly assigned (10 per group) to control (physiological saline solution), TFG (150 mg/kg/day), NaNO2 (80 mg/kg/day), and NaNO2+TFG (80 mg/kg/day + 150 mg/kg/day) groups. This group was offered TFG seed extract two hours before NaNO2. At the end of three months, the rats were decapitated, and blood, kidney and liver tissues were removed.

Results: Three months of oral administration of NaNO2 increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, creatinine, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the liver and kidney tissues [except for liver Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1a)] of rats. Serum AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, liver IL-6, and kidney tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), IL-6, IL-1a levels significantly decreased in the NaNO2+TFG group compared to the NaNO2 group. Pathological examinations, it was determined show that exogenously administered TFG could alleviate the effects of NaNO2 hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that exogenous TFG mitigates NaNO2-administration induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. TFG extract exerted antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, and played a significant role in preventing hepatic and renal damage induced by chronic NaNO2 administration.
Lack of association between 4 key TNF-alpha promoter polymorphisms and hepatitis C virus infection in a population of Egyptian patients
Authors: Ghoneim Ahmed M.
Published: June 2019

Introduction: With 170 million chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) cases worldwide, HCV is considered a major life-threatening pathogen. HCV is a crucial causative of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is thought to be a mediator in the development of viral hepatitis. Because HCV is epidemic in Egypt, this study aimed to characterize the distribution of TNF-alpha gene promoter polymorphisms and their relation to TNF-alpha expression in HCV patients.

Methods: Four promoter polymorphisms; −1031T/C, −863C/A, −857C/T, and −308G/A, were studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism in a population of Egyptian HCV patients.

Results: Compared to healthy subjects, none of these polymorphisms were associated with HCV infection. The wild-type −1031T, −863A, −857C, and −308G alleles were highly prevalent in the studied population. Sequencing the promoter region spanning the four studied polymorphisms in some subjects did not reveal any difference in the nucleotide variance pattern, compared with the TNF-alpha reference sequence. Relative TNF-alpha mRNA expressions in HCV patients and healthy subjects were statistically indifferent.

Conclusion: Since previous studies confirmed an increase in TNF-alpha level in case of viral infections, this study focuses on mechanisms of post-transcriptional and posttranslational modifications of TNF-alpha gene in HCV patients, which decode the genetic factors linked to HCV infection and severity.
A javasolt, diagnosztikus szemléletű talajosztályozási rendszer szerves szénre vonatkozó osztályozási egységei és definíciói
Authors: Fuchs Márta , Szegi Tamás , Csorba Ádám , Michéli Erika
Published: June 2019

Összefoglalás

A szerves szén igen jelentős összetevője a talajoknak. Meghatározza a talajok számos fizikai, kémiai, biológiai és nedvesség gazdálkodási tulajdonságát és sokrétű környezeti funkcióit, többek között termékenységét, vízszűrő-, és szolgáltató képességét, pufferkapacitását, vagy a biológiai sokféleség megőrzésében játszott szerepét. A modern osztályozási rendszerekben a szerves szén mennyiségi és mélységi megjelenése diagnosztikus egységek és magasabb rendszertani egységeknek is gyakran alapja.

Diagnosztikus szemléletű hazai talajosztályozási rendszerünk kidolgozásakor megvizsgáltuk a hazai genetikus osztályozás szervesanyagra vonatkozó kritériumait, részletesen elemeztük a TIM adatbázis adatait és figyelembe vettük a nemzetközi standardokat. Törekedtünk olyan diagnosztikai egységek, altípus és változati tulajdonságok meghatározására, melyek az osztályozás támogatásán túl, önmagukban is fontos információt szolgáltatnak a különböző alkalmazásoknak.

Eredményeink szerint a TIM adatbázis tanulmányozása, a szerzők saját talajleíró tapasztalata, továbbá a szervesszén-tartalomra irányuló adatigény indokolja további mennyiségi intervallumok meghatározását az osztályozás alacsonyabb (altípus és változati tulajdonság) szintjén.

Vizsgálatunk további fontos eredménye, hogy rámutat, a földes részre vonatkoztatott szervesszén-tartalom nem elég a feltalajok diagnosztizálására. A durva rész arány, a telítettségi viszonyok, a szín, a szerkezet további fontos kritériumok a feltalajok, illetve a felszíni diagnosztikai szintek definiálásában. Ugyanakkor a szerves szén mennyiségi-, és mélységi határértékeinek egységes, típustól független meghatározása fontos információt szolgáltat a talajok sok szempontú megítélésben.

Javaslatunkban a szervesszén-tartalomra vonatkozóan nyolc felszíni diagnosztikus talajszint, egy felszín alatti diagnosztikus talajszint, és egy diagnosztikus talajanyag került meghatározásra. Az osztályozás alacsonyabb szintjein további 5 kategória bevezetését javasoltuk a talajokban megjelenő szervesszén-tartalom részletesebb jellemzésének biztosítása érdekében.

A javasolt rendszerben összesen 20 altípus -, és 2 változati tulajdonságban jelenik meg szervesszén-tartalomra, vagy olyan diagnosztikus talajszintre vonatkozó követelmény, amely definíciójában a szervesszén-tartalom (is) szerepel.

Az egyes elemek azonos értelmezése lehetővé teszi a típustól független térbeli kiterjedésének meghatározását.
Az időskori gyógyszerterápia alapjai
Authors: Telekes András , Deme Dániel
Published: June 2019

Abstract:

The proportion of elderly patients is getting increased in the developed countries as a consequence of which pharmacotherapy takes a more and more important place in the healthcare system. Important biological alterations are characteristic for the elderly subjects, which have effect on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the pharmaceuticals. Gradually decreased kidney function may demand the modification of the administration of the pharmaceuticals. Certain pharmaceuticals and drug-interactions are potentially dangerous for this population. Therefore several factors have to be taken into account in conjunction with the therapy of elderly patients including co-morbidities, cognitive function and the social state. At the same time, the risk–benefit ratio of the pharmaceuticals is the worst among elderly patients with pharmaceutical therapy including polypragmasy. Thus, it is inevitable for the development of geriatric pharmacotherapy that the physiologic alteration of elderly has to be taken into account not only in the daily practice but also during the development and formulation of a pharmaceutical. The present paper gives an overview of the most important factors influencing the pharmacotherapy of the elderly. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(23): 896–907.
The gender differences in highly paid wage: a case study of Peruvian physicians
Authors: Amaya Elard , Mougenot Benoît
Published: June 2019

Abstract: In recent decades, the number of women pursuing careers in health has significantly increased. However, the physician labor market is still characterized by gender differences regarding payment. Using a nationally representative Peruvian sample of health providers (3,219 male and 1,063 female physicians), we estimated the gender gap in the likelihood of earning high wages for physicians and decomposed this gap in a proportion related to differences in individual characteristics (e.g. specialty, labor experience), and a residual proportion related to differences in returns to these characteristics. Our main results reveal that male physicians have on average an 81% higher likelihood of earning high salaries (monthly earning level > 5,000 PEN) relative to their female counterparts. Further, the main proportion of this gap is associated to the unexplained component (among 57% and 77%, according to the model specification), which may be associated to unobservable characteristics and discrimination in the Peruvian labor market.
Detectability of Middle Mesial Canal in Mandibular Molar After Troughing Using Ultrasonics and Magnification: An Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Prade Ana Carla , Mostardeiro Renata Da Trindade , Tibúrcio-Machado Camilla dos Santos , Morgental Renata Dornelles , Bier Carlos Alexandre Souza
Published: June 2019

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of the identification of middle mesial (MM) canals in extracted permanent first and second mandibular molars before and after executing a troughing technique with high magnification. Sample consisted of 105 mandibular molars. After gaining access to the pulp chamber and cleaning the chamber floor, root canals were detected in three different stages. The initial location was performed under direct viewing without magnification. In the second stage, a dental operating microscope was employed at 12 magnification. If the MM canal was not observed, a standardized troughing technique was executed with the use of an ultrasonic tip between the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals under magnification. Statistical differences in the frequency of MM canals before and after troughing were determined using McNemar’s test, with the significance level set at 5%. No significant increase in the identification of the MM canal was found when comparing observations before (9.52%) and after (12.38%) the troughing technique under high magnification. However, viewing under magnification and the execution of troughing significantly increased the location of the MM canal (12.38%) when compared to viewing without magnification (3.81%) (p<0.01). The troughing technique with the aid of a dental operating microscope significantly improved the identification of MM canals compared to viewing without magnification. Troughing is a safe, minimally invasive procedure that benefits the treatment of mandibular molars.
Solvent Degradation and Polymerization Shrinkage Reduction of Resin Composites Using Isobornyl Methacrylate
Authors: Favarão Jamille , Oliveira Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de , Rocha Mateus Garcia , Zanini Maurício Matté , Abuna Gabriel Flores , Mendonça Marcio José , Sinhoreti Mário Alexandre Coelho
Published: June 2019

Abstract The aim of this study was to use the isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) as a combining or substituent diluent monomer in the resin matrix of dental resin composites. Thus, the resin matrix was formulated with 60 wt% of BisGMA and 40 wt% of diluent monomers. TEGDMA as the only diluent monomer was used as control with 40 wt%, while total substitution of TEGDMA was done with 40 wt% of IBOMA. The combination of IBOMA and TEGDMA was done with 20 wt% of each monomer. To the resin matrix, 65 wt% of filler particles was added. Degree of conversion (DC) using FT-IR, flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), polymerization shrinkage by gap formation (GF), Knoop hardness (KH) and solvent degradation (SD) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05; b=0.2). The results showed that reducing or substituting TEGDMA using IBOMA did not affect the DC (0.085), FS (p=0.886) or FM (p=0.414). Also, when IBOMA was used, lower GF was found in comparison to the control containing only TEGDMA as the diluent monomer (p=0.032). However, even though all composites presented reduction in KH during the SD test, the combination of IBOMA and TEGDMA showed similar reduction in KHN in comparison to the control group (p=0.001), while the total substitution of TEGDMA with IBOMA decreased KHN after SD (p=0.041). Thus, the combination of IBOMA and TEGDMA seem to reduce SD and GF without affecting the properties of resin composites.
Antibiofilm Activity of an Experimental Ricinus Communis Dentifrice on Soft Denture Liners
Authors: Badaró Maurício Malheiros , Leite-Fernandes Vanessa Maria Fagundes , Martin Luciano Trevisan , Oliveira Viviane de Cássia , Watanabe Evandro , Paranhos Helena de Freitas de Oliveira , Silva-Lovato Cláudia Helena
Published: June 2019

Abstract The disadvantage of liners materials is the difficulty of biofilm control. It was compared an experimental dentifrice contained Ricinus communis, with commercials dentifrices as antibiofilm activity against microorganisms on denture liner. Six hundred specimens were distributed in 5 groups (n=18/ microorganism): water; experimental dentifrice; specific dentifrice for denture and two conventional dentifrices against C. albicans; C. glabrata; S. mutans; S. aureus; E. coli. Each group had a negative (n=5; without contamination) and positive control (n=15/ microorganism; without cleaning). The antibiofilm activity was evaluated by the method of biofilm formation in triplicate. The specimens were contaminated in a standard way and incubated. After that, manual brushing was performed (60 s), washed with PBS, immersed in liquid culture medium for resuspension and sowing in solid medium. The results (mean of triplicates) were expressed in CFU/mL. The data was submitted to Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). The specific dentifrice (1.27±1.20) was the most effective against S. mutans, followed by conventional (Trihydral, 3.13±0.88; Colgate, 2.16±2.02) and experimental (3.81±1.37) dentifrices, which were similar to each other (p=0.008). All of them were different from water (4.79±1.42). The specific (0.21±0.21) and experimental (0.36±0.25) dentifrices were similar against S. aureus, with a higher mean of CFU when compared to conventional (Colgate, 0.06±0.13), which was more efficient (p=0.000). For C. albicans, C. glabrata and E. coli, all dentifrices were similar to water (p=0.186). It was concluded, that the experimental dentifrice was effective against S. aureus and had not efficacy against Candida spp.; S. mutans; E. coli, as occurred with the commercials dentifrices.
Residual herbicides in Roundup Ready soybean: A case study in multiple years and locations with Ipomoea triloba
Authors: Ovejero Ramiro Fernando Lopez , Picoli Junior Gilmar José , Takano Hudson Kagueyama , Palhano Matheus , Westra Philip
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT The evolution of glyphosate-resistant and -tolerant weeds has caused changes in weed management around the world. Residual herbicides are crucial tools for weed management, but the rate of adoption by soybean growers remains very low in Brazil. In this research, we used glyphosate tolerant Ipomoea triloba as a model weed species to evaluate the advantages of using residual herbicides on soybeans in multiple years and locations of transition and Cerrado regions of Brazil, rather than relying only on post-emergence control. Most residual herbicides provided enough residual activity to allow a longer application window in post-emergence. Treatments with residual herbicides increased overall weed control, preventing weed interference and increasing soybean yield. When two residual herbicides were used as opposed to only one, a better I. triloba control was achieved, reflecting in higher crop yield, especially in conditions of high weed infestation. The use of pre-emergence herbicides allows growers to have a longer application window for the post-emergence treatment, which is particularly important in Brazilian Cerrado large fields when logistic could be an issue.
In vitro adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants of some apricot cultivars
Authors: Mitrofanova Olga Vladimirovna , Mitrofanova Irina Vjacheslavovna , Kuzmina Tatyana Nikolaevna , Lesnikova-Sedoshenko Nina Pavlovna , Dolgov Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Apricot is one of the most valuable commercial fruits. In vitro propagation of apricot is very important for rapid multiplication of cultivars with desirable traits and production of cleaning up and virus-free plants. Low frequency of multiplication is the main limiting factor for traditional propagation methods. In this regard, the objective of our investigation was to study the morphogenetic capacity of apricot leaf explants of the promising cultivars ‘Iskorka Tavridy’, ‘Magister’ and ‘Bergeron’ for regeneration system development and solving some breeding questions. The source of explants was in vitro plants regenerated and cultured on QL medium. Leaves were maintained in the dark at 24±1 °C in thermostat for three-four weeks. Morphogenic callus and structures were mainly formed at the central and proximal parts of leaves on MS, QL and WPM media with 1.5 or 2.0 mg L-1 BAP and 1.5 or 2.0 mg L-1 IAA in different combinations, or TDZ (0.6 and 1.3 mg L-1). Callus with adventive buds was transferred to regeneration medium and placed into a growth chamber at 24±1 °C and 16-hour photoperiod with a light intensity of 37.5 μmol m-2 s-1. The best results were obtained when adaxial leaf surface was in contact with the culture medium. Frequency of leaf callus formation on MS medium with 1.5 mg L-1 BAP and 1.5 mg L-1 IAA was higher in the explants of ‘Iskorka Tavridy’ (80.0%) than in - ‘Bergeron’ (50.0%) and ‘Magister’ (36.7%). The best results of callogenesis for ‘Magister’ was obtained on MS medium with 1.3 mg L-1 TDZ (53.3%). Active microshoot regeneration in ‘Iskorka Tavridy’ cultivar was shown on MS medium with BAP and IAA and in ‘Magister’ cultivar - on MS medium with TDZ. Rhizogenesis was obtained on half strength MS medium with 2.0 mg L-1 IBA.
Drought tolerance evaluated in common bean genotypes
Authors: Gonçalves João Guilherme Ribeiro , Andrade Estela Reis de , Silva Daiana Alves da , Esteves Jose Antonio de Fátima , Chiorato Alisson Fernando , Carbonell Sérgio Augusto Morais
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Given the impact of climate issues and their direct influence on agricultural production, the aim of this study was to identify superior genotypes of dry edible common bean under water deficit. Thus, 30 common bean genotypes were evaluated under controlled greenhouse conditions in a randomized block experimental design with split plots and four replications; the plots consisted of the water treatments (irrigated and water deficit) and the split plots consisted of the genotypes. The results showed genetic variability among the accessions evaluated, and in spite of significant reduction in grain yield and stomatal conductance under water deficit, these two traits showed significant, positive correlation and are able to be applied in early selection of genotypes under this stress condition. Another important response was in relation to the genotypes SER-16, SEN 92, FT Paulistinha, Carioca Precoce, IAC Imperador, and SXB 410, which showed the best yield performances in the two water treatments applied. They can be widely used in breeding programs for development of new cultivars, especially aiming at drought tolerance.
Response of dual-purpose wheat to nitrogen fertilization and seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense
Authors: Quatrin Mauricio Pase , Olivo Clair Jorge , Simonetti Gabriela Descovi , Bratz Vinicius Felipe , Godoy Guilherme Librelotto de , Casagrande Lucas Giovane
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT The use of inoculants containing plant growth-promoting bacteria is an alternative to increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers. Studies evaluating the effects of inoculation on forage yield, straw yield, and grain yield in dual-purpose wheat cultivars are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the forage yield and grain yield in dual-purpose wheat inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and fertilized with increasing nitrogen rates during two agricultural years (2016-2017) under cutting management. The trial was carried out in a completely randomized block design with four replicates, using a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement. The factors were the inoculation (control or A. brasilense) and nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of N). Forage, grain and straw yield, and number of tillers were evaluated. Forage yield differed between treatments with inoculation and without inoculation, 3952 and 3350 kg DM ha-1, respectively. There was no effect of inoculation on grain yield. The forage and leaf biomass yield, the number of tillers and straw yield increased with inoculation.