bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Developing Trigger Finger? A Case-Control Analysis of 198 804 Patients
Authors: Kahan Riley , Enthoven Luke , Garoosi Kassra , Higinbotham Sean , Pflug Emily M. , Lauder Alexander
Published: February 2025

Background:

Trigger finger (TF) causes pain and functional impairment. Previous studies have associated TF with carpal tunnel syndrome, which has been linked to obesity. This study investigated the relationship between obesity and the prevalence of TF.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the TriNetX Research Network (2006-2024). Patients with risk factors for TF (rheumatoid arthritis, gout, amyloidosis, prior carpal tunnel release, spontaneous rupture of flexor tendons, hypothyroidism, Dupuytren disease, and diabetes mellitus) were excluded. Two cohorts were compared: (1) patients diagnosed with TF; and (2) those without. The groups underwent propensity score matching based on demographic attributes using a 1:1 nearest neighbor approach. Each patient’s mean body mass index (BMI) was calculated by averaging all BMI measurements. Obesity was defined as a mean BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression, incorporating TF diagnosis, BMI, and matched covariates, were used to adjust for confounding factors and estimate risk and odds ratios.

Results:

Data from 198 804 patients (99 402 per group) were analyzed. The prevalence of TF was positively associated with increasing BMI. Multiple linear regression revealed that BMI accounted for a small portion of the variance in TF prevalence. Logistic regression demonstrated an adjusted risk ratio of 1.02 (95% CI = [1.01, 1.03]) and an odds ratio of 1.03 (95% CI = [1.01, 1.05]), indicating a 2% to 3% increased risk of TF in obese patients.

Conclusion:

Obesity was independently associated with TF. Obese patients had a 2% increased risk of TF compared with nonobese patients.
Perilunate Dislocation Reduction Technique and Results
Authors: Jagiella-Lodise Olivia , Sweeney Aidan , Ghareeb Paul , Zelenski Nicole A.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Perilunate dislocations are severe upper extremity dislocations to the wrist involving ligamentous injury. Previous literature cites closed reduction of perilunate injuries at 25%. Herein, the technique and results of closed reductions for perilunate dislocations are described.

Methods:

Chart reviews were conducted of perilunate injuries treated from 2017 to 2022. Imaging was evaluated to categorize by Herzberg stage. Reduction was performed in the emergency department (ED) and involved traction, relaxation, and manipulation. Reduction attempts and success rates were recorded as were presence and resolution of median nerve symptoms.

Results:

Fifty-six perilunate injuries were included with an average age of 36 years. Forty-five (80%) underwent attempted closed reduction, of which 37 (82%) were successful. Twenty-seven (48%) were Herzberg I, 18 (32%) were Herzberg IIA, and 11 (20%) were Herzberg IIB. Two Herzberg IIB injuries were mal-reduced, with the lunate returned to the lunate fossa inverted. Scaphoid fractures were more likely in Herzberg I injuries and did not influence the success of reduction. Thirty (54%) patients presented with median nerve symptoms, of which 25 underwent attempted closed reduction in ED. Perilunate reduction resolved nerve symptoms in 92% of cases. Nerve symptoms were not more common in Herzberg II perilunate injuries. Successful closed reduction of perilunate injuries was not associated with a specific Herzberg stage.

Conclusion:

Closed perilunate reductions in the ED can have a high success rate >80%. Herzberg II perilunate injuries have >70% (76%) success rate in closed reduction. Rates of median nerve symptoms were high and resolved in most cases (92%) after reduction. Closed reduction of perilunate injuries can safely be attempted in the ED and resolves nerve compression prior to surgery.
Cooking up Knowledge: Empowering High School Students Through a Food Literacy Boot Camp
Authors: Sullivan Amelia , Parsons Kayla , Therrien-Genest Mona , Yerxa Kathryn
Published: February 2025

Adolescents in rural communities are subject to higher rates of chronic diseases. Food literacy, the knowledge and skillset to make informed health behaviors, has been identified as a critical influence in disease prevention. This mixed-method experimental study evaluated the Food Literacy Boot Camp’s effectiveness, feasibility, and likeability in promoting healthy lifestyle choices, including diet, physical activity, food preparation, and food safety skills among adolescents. Outcomes were assessed using the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education (EFNEP) 6th - 12th Grade EFNEP Youth Questionnaire, distributed before and after the intervention. Qualitative methods assessed likeability. Following the program, participants had statistically significant improvements in sugar-sweetened beverage intake ( P = 0.004), healthy eating choices when dining out ( P = 0.002), physical activity ( P = 0.010), hand washing ( P = 0.028), inclination to wash fruits and vegetables ( P = 0.008) and using separate cutting boards for raw meats and fresh produce ( P = 0.046). Four major qualitative themes emerged: (1) Comprehensive Health and Wellness Education, (2) Practical Skill Development, (3) Knowledge and Behavior Change, and (4) Successful Student Engagement and Positive Endorsement. Overall, the Food Literacy Boot Camp successfully improved participants’ food literacy skills.
Navigating the High-Value Dataset Landscape From Determination to Impact: Lessons From Taiwan's OGD Ecosystem
Authors: Tseng Hsien-Lee , Nikiforova Anastasija
Published: February 2025

In today's data-driven world, the value of data lies in its ability to inform and drive decision-making and power AI models. As data democratization advances, Open Government Data (OGD) plays a key role, but the true value of open data hinges on its relevance to actual needs of the user (society, businesses etc.). This study explores Taiwan's approach to high-value datasets (HVD) -a critical subset of OGD- publication. Through qualitative interviews with government officials, scholars, and NGOs, we explore the strategic, technical, and application aspects of HVD publication. Study reveals that while Taiwan draws from international frameworks, it tailors its HVD themes to address national issues, such as environmental resilience and social challenges. However, gaps in data interoperability and limited engagement with end-users remain challenges, which are critical for maximizing the impact of HVDs. Practical challenges such as staff continuity, digital literacy, and systematic impact assessment further hinder progress. To address these challenges, we propose a HVD opening lifecycle roadmap that constitutes a strategic plan to support policymakers in navigating the process of opening HVD. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the HVD ecosystem, underscoring the importance of continuous improvement and stakeholder engagement in the HVD lifecycle.
Diffusing translational criminology: An intergroup communication and accommodation approach
Authors: Maguire Edward R , Giles Howard , Hill Shawn L
Published: February 2025

Translational criminology emerged from the evidence-based criminology movement, which relies on rigorous research to amass scientific evidence about how to improve fairness and effectiveness in criminal justice. While evidence-based criminology focuses primarily on developing scientific evidence about which programs, practices, and interventions are most effective, translational criminology is concerned with how to disseminate that knowledge to those practitioners and policy makers who can use it most. Moreover, it is concerned with ensuring that those practitioners and policy makers understand the evidence and know what to do with it. In this paper, we introduce theories and concepts from the study of intergroup communication and accommodation and illustrate their utility for understanding and improving translational criminology and related efforts to translate science into policy and practice.
Do the current continuous professional development approaches for registered nurses and operating department practitioners within perioperative care meet their learning needs?
Authors: Ssemakula Teopista Namubiru
Published: February 2025

In the highly specialised and rapidly evolving field of perioperative care, continuous professional development is essential for maintaining the competencies of healthcare professionals, directly impacting patient safety and the quality of care. This project aimed to assess the effectiveness of current continuous professional development approaches in meeting the learning needs of registered nurses and operating department practitioners within perioperative care in a United Kingdom National Health Service Trust hospital. A comprehensive self-assessment strategy was intended to evaluate the condition of current continuous professional development approaches, identify areas for improvement, and explore innovative uptake for improvement. Using a mixed-methods design, data were collected via an online survey of 76 participants. The data demonstrated significant knowledge, skill, and competency deficiencies, revealing that many current continuous professional development approaches lacked accessibility and relevance. This study may provide valuable insights for refining continuous professional development programmes to meet evolving learning needs better and improve patient outcomes.
Tamponade Hemopericardium due to Mitral Annulus Abscess Rupture
Authors: Tambuzzi Stefano , Gentile Guendalina , Boracchi Michele , Zoja Riccardo
Published: February 2025

We present the case of a 71-year-old diabetic woman, suffering from chronic renal failure and with a history of hemodialysis for 6 years, who suddenly died. The autopsy showed a tamponade hemopericardium and a perforation of the left atrio-ventricular wall by an abscess of the mitral annulus. A severe picture of calcification of the mitral annulus calcification also emerged. Histology confirmed the abscess, highlighting the presence of peri-abscess endocarditis. Post-mortem microbiological investigations identified the presence of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The case was considered of interest, since the onset of an abscess of the mitral annulus is an infrequent occurrence and it is an even rarer event if it occurs on native heart valves and in the absence of associated finding of valve vegetation. Finally, the lethal evolution can also be considered rare since although theoretically the cardiac rupture from an abscess is a possible event that leads to death, to date no case has yet been reported.
The 17th International Conference of Students of Systematic Musicology (SysMus24)
Authors: Owen Caroline , Sutinen Saana , Kumari Juhi
Published: February 2025

The 17th International Conference of Students of Systematic Musicology (SysMus24) was hosted by the Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body, and Brain (CoE MMBB) at the Department of Music, Art, and Culture Studies at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, from June 8 to 10, 2024. Organized in hybrid format, the conference offered a rich variety of presentations and activities featuring 41 talks, 10 posters, 5 workshops, and a panel discussion, as well as an entertaining program of social events. Keynote talks were given by Minna Huotilainen (Professor of Educational Sciences, Director of the Changing Education master's program and Principal Investigator at the Centre of Excellence in Research on Music, Mind, Body, and Brain at the University of Helsinki, Finland), Tuomas Eerola (Professor in Music Cognition and Director of Research at Durham University, UK) and Isabelle Peretz (Professor of Psychology at the University of Montreal, Canada). This conference report offers an overview of SysMus24, reviewing the topics addressed across the conference, and reflecting on the value and timeliness of the hybrid format and its place within the future of academic conferences.
World Music Pedagogy in Practice: Part 1 – Learning Irish Traditional Music
Authors: Ward Francis , Campbell Patricia Shehan
Published: February 2025

Ireland’s music is at times energetic and spirited, and other times pensive and even plaintive, depending upon the occasion. It is linked to the heritage of many North Americans, both in the United States and Canada, who trace their family histories to Ireland, and it is both centuries old and newly composed, as is the composition by Francis Ward, “Planxty Sarsfield.” The music is captivating for cultural insiders as well as for first-timers to the sound of its melodies, rhythms, and timbres. It is a fitting choice for students of various age and experience levels, due to its accessibility, singability, limited rhythmic palette, and the meaningful sociocultural messages of displacement and musical resilience that it communicates. Through the application of the five dimensions of World Music Pedagogy, this planxty is made even more suitable for teaching music and culture to students from middle childhood through secondary school.
The vulnerability of hip fracture patients with cognitive impairment: an analysis of health conditions, hospital care, and outcomes
Authors: Birkner Dorothea , Pigorsch Mareen , Riedlinger Dorothee , Möckel Martin , Lindner Tobias , Schenk Liane , Deutschbein Johannes
Published: February 2025

Background

Cognitive impairment, including dementia, and hip fracture are both common among older patients. Both conditions are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Cognitive impairment is often underdiagnosed and may remain undetected in hip fracture patients. Little is known about the prevalence, specific characteristics, and outcomes of hip fracture patients with cognitive impairment. This analysis aimed to compare hip fracture patients with and without cognitive impairments regarding their health conditions, hospital care, and the risk of complications and mortality.

Methods

This study used data derived from the EMAAge project, a prospective multi-center cohort study conducted in Berlin, Germany. Patients aged 40 years and older with hip fracture were stratified into three cognitive status groups: no cognitive impairment (NCI), moderate cognitive impairment (MCI), and severe cognitive impairment (SCI). Categorization was based on patients’ ability to engage in interviews and their performance on the 6-item Cognitive Impairment Test (6-CIT). Standardized mean differences were used to compare various health-related parameters and health care utilization measures. Regression models, both adjusted and unadjusted, were calculated for the number of complications and the mortality rate.

Results

Cognitive impairment was present in 37% of the 310 hip fracture patients in the study cohort. Patients with cognitive impairment had a worse baseline health profile, delayed admission to the emergency department, a longer time to surgery, and were less likely to be referred to a rehabilitation program. In the adjusted regression model for the number of complications, the incidence rate ratio was 1.237 (p = 0.292) for MCI patients and 2.065 (p < 0.001) for SCI patients compared with NCI patients. The adjusted odds ratio for mortality was 1.046 (p = 0.942) for MCI patients and 2.875 (p = 0.060) for SCI patients.

Conclusions

Hip fracture patients with cognitive impairment, particularly severe impairment, arrive at the ED in a considerably poorer state of health and are at a higher risk of adverse outcomes, including complications and mortality. Timely identification of this at-risk group upon arrival appears to be essential to providing adequate care. This study highlights the need for interventions and research aimed at improving prevention, emergency care and outcomes for this vulnerable group, addressing their specific risk factors, and promoting the quality of care in hospital and after discharge.
Prevalence, perception of risk and mycobacterium tuberculosis control practices among healthcare workers in HIV care and treatment centres in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Okpokoro Evaezi , Lawal Temitayo , Oyedele Oyewole , Etuk Victoria , Ijioma Stella , Adetiba Temitope , Bathnna Miriam , Osa-Afiana Chinye , Andrew Nifarta , Abimiku Alash’le
Published: February 2025

Background

Globally, Healthcare workers (HWs) are known to be at higher risk of Tuberculosis (TB), especially those working in HIV settings. Understanding HW’s alertness of TB risk is an important step to ensure safety in such settings. Hence, we assessed the perception of the risk of TB and its associated factors among HWs in HIV care and treatment centres in North-Central Nigeria.

Methods

This study is a nested cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among HWs in North-Central Nigeria. HWs were recruited across 14 health facilities with dedicated HIV clinics (n = 337). Perception of risk to TB was captured using a binary outcome and a sliding scale of 1–10 on a structured questionnaire, and blood samples were collected and tested for mycobacterium TB infection at the biorepository of the Institute of Human Virology Nigeria. Univariate and Multivariate analysis were performed using STATA version 18, with statistical significance set at 5%.

Results

Overall, 86.9% of HWs in HIV centres perceived themselves to be at risk of TB. Perception of risk to TB was significantly lower among male HWs (crude Odds Ratio: 0.50; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.26–0.95). Findings from the multivariable analysis further revealed that perception of risk to TB was significantly lower among HWs < 20years (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 0.13; 95%CI: 0.02–0.83), HW with no formal/primary education (aOR: 0.10; 95%CI: 0.01–0.73) and HWs working in primary (aOR: 0.24; 95%CI: 0.06–0.92) or secondary (aOR: 0.41; 95%CI: 0.18–0.95) healthcare facilities. Also, daily monitoring of TB Infection Control (IC) practices (aOR: 2.53; 95%CI: 1.27–5.04) and having a designated area for sputum samples collection (aOR: 3.68; 95%CI: 1.38–9.77) were associated with increased odds of perception of risk to TB while the presence of annual HIV testing was associated with decreased perception of risk to TB.

Conclusion

There is a high perception of risk to TB among HWs working in HIV clinics. However, perception of risk to TB is influenced by age, educational status, level of care at healthcare facilities, and level of TB IC practices. TB IC trainings should target younger HWs, who are males, with no formal education and working in primary health facilities.
Evolution of social contacts patterns in France over the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: results from the SocialCov survey
Authors: Soussand Flora , Abdou Armiya Youssouf , Sanchez Marie , Huynh Bich-Tram , Giese Coralie , Tran-Kiem Cécile , Béraud Guillaume , Guillemot Didier , Cauchemez Simon , Opatowski Lulla , Bosetti Paolo
Published: February 2025

Background

Non-pharmaceutical measures such as lockdowns, curfews and place closures were implemented in France during 2020–2022 to reduce contacts in the population, to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and reduce COVID-19 healthcare burden. Individuals also changed their behaviours as a response to the pandemic. Here, we present the results of the SocialCov survey that characterise the evolution of contacts in France between December 2020 and May 2022 to better understand the short and long term impact of these interventions on social mixing.

Methods

A questionnaire was advertised over six independent communication campaigns through the governmental application TousAntiCovid between December 2020 and June 2022. Participants were asked to detail social contacts in the previous day, including contact age, location, duration and type (physical/conversational).

Results

Over the six distinct campaigns, 44,396 individuals participated in the survey, declaring 300,735 contacts in total. The patterns of contacts strongly evolved over time, along with the progressive easing of national mitigation measures. The number of contacts in the French population increased from 5.3 contacts per day on average in December 2020 to 9.7 in May 2022. Mixing patterns were affected by age of participants, holidays and weekends. Healthcare workers declared 18.4 contacts on average during working days, roughly twice more than other workers. Reported risk perception changed throughout the two year period.

Conclusions

Results provide a detailed picture of contact evolution over the years 2020–2022 in France. In addition to a major evolution of contact density over time, this study highlights strong heterogeneities in contact patterns according to age, employment and weekend/vacation periods. The contact matrices provided here can be used to inform age-stratified transmission models of respiratory pathogens in the context of implementation of multiple non-pharmaceutical measures.
Preoperative sarcopenia and postoperative accelerated muscle loss negatively impact survival after resection of locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Ding Ping’an , Wu Jiaxiang , Wu Haotian , Yang Peigang , Guo Honghai , Tian Yuan , Meng Lingjiao , Zhao Qun
Published: February 2025

Background

Gastric cancer remains a major health concern worldwide, with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) posing significant challenges due to frequent lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. While curative gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection is the standard treatment, sarcopenia and perioperative skeletal muscle loss (SML) have emerged as critical prognostic factors.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 198 LAGC patients who underwent curative gastrectomy. Preoperative and postoperative sarcopenia were assessed via computed tomography (CT)-derived skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the L3 level. SML was defined based on sex-specific thresholds of SMI changes (%/30 days). Prognostic significance for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses.

Results

The prevalence of sarcopenia increased from 23.7% preoperatively to 33.3% postoperatively. Patients with significant muscle loss (SML) showed worse OS and DFS compared to non-SML patients (P < 0.05). SML was also associated with a higher incidence of Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ 3a complications (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified preoperative sarcopenia (HR = 2.332, P = 0.001), postoperative sarcopenia (HR = 3.189, P = 0.011), and SML (HR = 11.231, P = 0.002) as independent risk factors for OS. Adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved both OS (HR = 0.532, P = 0.015) and DFS (HR = 0.587, P = 0.041).

Conclusions

Both preoperative sarcopenia and perioperative SML may negatively impact postoperative prognosis in LAGC patients, suggesting that perioperative evaluation of skeletal muscle mass may help identify high-risk surgical candidates for targeted interventions.
Stranger danger or good Samaritan? A cross-sectional study examining correlates of tolerance of risk in outdoor play among Canadian parents
Authors: Faulkner Guy , Fagan Matthew , McKenna Julia , Brussoni Mariana , Bélanger Mathieu , Gunnell Katie , Tremblay Mark S. , Larouche Richard
Published: February 2025

Background

Negative parental perceptions of risk may restrict children’s opportunities for outdoor play. Excessively minimizing children’s exposure to risks in their environment may have a range of developmental consequences. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess correlates of parental tolerance of risk among a large sample of Canadian parents.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 2,291 parents of 7–12 year olds completed online questionnaires assessing a range of potential individual (e.g., gender), social (e.g., neighbourhood cohesion), and environmental (e.g., walkability) correlates of parental tolerance of risk. Logistic regressions were created to examine associations between these factors and odds of being in the most risk averse quartile. The logistic regression was built in hierarchal steps relying on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and pseudo R2 for model progression.

Results

The final model had a pseudo R2 of 0.18. Five out of seventeen correlates were associated with risk aversion in parents. Concerns about stranger danger were associated with a higher odds of risk aversion (OR = 2.33, 95%CI[1.93, 2.82]). A higher number of children in the home was associated with lower odds of risk aversion in parents (OR = 0.80, 95%CI[0.69, 0.92], and parents of children born outside of Canada had higher odds of being risk adverse when compared to parents born in Canada (OR = 2.13, 95%CI[1.54, 2.94]). Finally, being very concerned with COVID-19 increased the odds of risk aversion (OR = 3.07, 95%CI[1.93, 5.04], while having a household income of > 100,000 lowered the odds of risk aversion (OR = 0.56, 95%CI[0.36, 0.87]).

Conclusions

Tailored interventions that reframe perceptions of risk for parents are needed. Such interventions could reframe concerns about stranger danger which persist despite occurrences of stranger abduction being extremely rare. Interventions could also be targeted to immigrant families and those with fewer children as they appear to be more averse to risk. A complementary focus on examining how cultural background influences risk perceptions is needed in future research.
Co-designing the implementation of a rural health systems-strengthening rheumatic heart disease program with remote First Nations Australian communities using Theory of Change
Authors: Jones Benjamin , Mitchell Alice , Haynes Emma , Howard Natasha J. , Wade Vicki , Pears Chantelle , Rossingh Bronwyn , Gatti Jessica , Ramadani Seide , Corpus Emma , Yan Jennifer , Marangou James , Kaethner Alex , Bailey Meghan , Francis Joshua R , English Mike , Nagraj Shobhana
Published: February 2025

Background

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is highly prevalent and under-detected in remote First Nations Australian communities. Rural communities face severe health workforce shortages that impact negatively on health outcomes. Task-sharing using local healthcare workers, trained to screen for active RHD cases (using handheld ultrasound with remote support from experts), has been proposed as a means of improving early detection whilst also strengthening referral pathways. Implementing new models of care within remote communities, however, requires local knowledge, cultural and operational adaptation, whilst ensuring consistency and quality assurance across multiple sites. This study aimed to co-design local implementation strategies for an RHD active case finding program with five remote communities and explain how and why the task-sharing program might lead to improved health outcomes.

Methods

A qualitative study using a Theory of Change approach and ‘yarning’ methods, was conducted with five remote First Nations Australian communities. We used a combination of participant observation, extensive field notes over sequential visits to each site, supplemented with document analysis to inform co-design of Theories of Change for each community. Data were curated using NVivo software and analysed using Powell’s refined compilation of implementation strategies framework.

Results

Through the co-design process, a total of 24 locally tailored implementation strategies were identified. All sites identified the need for a positive implementation environment, including recognition of local healthcare workers through positive messaging and celebratory events for achieving key training milestones. Other key themes included the importance of opportunistic RHD screening, and the integration of local languages during both training and screening. Five locally adapted versions of the Theory of Change were co-designed to include planned outcomes, assumptions, causal mechanisms, and indicators for the program at each community.

Conclusions

Our study identified implementation strategies and Theories of Change for the training and screening aspects of a new model of care for RHD screening in five remote First Nation Australian communities. These findings will be used to support future program evaluation and exploration the mechanisms by which the RHD screening program achieves its outcomes.
Association of triglyceride-glucose index and derived indices with cataract in middle-aged and elderly Americans: NHANES 2005–2008
Authors: Wei Bin , Hu Xin , Shu Ben-Liang , Huang Qin-Yi , Chai Hua , Yuan Hao-Yu , Zhou Lin , Duan Yi-Chong , Yao Li-Li , Dong Zhuo-Er , Wu Xiao-rong
Published: February 2025

Aim

Explore the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, along with its derivative indices, and the prevalence of cataracts.

Methods

Data from 20,497 participants in the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were compiled. A final total of 4,499 individuals met the eligibility criteria. Cataract presence was assessed through a self-reported history of cataract surgery. The TyG index and its derivatives—TyG-waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), TyG-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), TyG-monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), TyG-log platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (lgPLR), TyG-log systemic inflammation index (lgSII), and TyG-systemic inflammation response index (SIRI)—were calculated. Statistical analyses included multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves for nonlinear relationships, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results

Higher TyG indices were significantly associated with cataract presence (P < 0.001). Specifically, TyG-WHtR, TyG-NLR, TyG-lgPLR, TyG-lgSII, and TyG-SIRI exhibited positive correlations with cataract prevalence, even after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.37; P = 0.0403; [OR] = 1.01; 95% [CI]: 1.00, 1.02; P = 0.0258; [OR] = 1.08; 95% [CI]: 1.01, 1.16; P = 0.0223; [OR] = 1.08; 95% [CI]: 1.03, 1.14; P = 0.001; [OR] = 1.02; 95% [CI]: 1.00, 1.04; P = 0.0120). Furthermore, the stratified analysis showed that in the 61–85 age group, TyG-lgPLR and TyG-lgSII remained positively associated with cataract prevalence ([OR] = 1.09; 95% [CI]: 1.01, 1.17; P = 0.024; [OR] = 1.08; 95% [CI]: 1.02, 1.13; P = 0.005). RCS analysis revealed a linear association between these indices and cataracts, with no apparent threshold effect. ROC analysis indicated that TyG-MLR demonstrated the highest predictive ability for cataract presence.

Conclusion

The study results indicate a positive association between TyG-related indicators and cataract the prevalence of cataracts in middle-aged and elderly individuals, suggesting that these markers may serve as practical biomarkers for identifying high-risk individuals. Early detection and management of metabolic and inflammatory factors could contribute to effective preventive strategies for cataract development in the elderly population.
Targeting PI3K signaling in Lung Cancer: advances, challenges and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Zhang Bitian , Leung Ping-Chung , Cho William Chi-Shing , Wong Chun-Kwok , Wang Dongjie
Published: February 2025

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, necessitating the continual exploration of novel therapeutic targets. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in oncogenic processes, including cell growth, survival, metabolism and immune modulation. This comprehensive review delineates the distinct roles of PI3K subtypes—PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ—in lung cancer pathogenesis and progression. We evaluate the current landscape of PI3K inhibitors, transitioning from non-selective early-generation compounds to isoform-specific agents, highlighting their clinical efficacy, resistance mechanisms and potential combination strategies. Furthermore, the intricate interplay between PI3K signaling and the tumor immune microenvironment is explored, elucidating how PI3K modulation can enhance immunotherapeutic responses. Metabolic reprogramming driven by PI3K signaling is also dissected, revealing vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited. Despite promising advancements, challenges such as therapeutic resistance and adverse effects underscore the need for personalized medicine approaches and the development of next-generation inhibitors. This review underscores the multifaceted role of PI3K in lung cancer and advocates for integrated strategies to harness its full therapeutic potential, paving the way for improved patient outcomes.
Validation of the alcohol use disorders identification test in a Danish hospital setting
Authors: Schøler Peter Næsborg , Andersen Max Benjamin , Andersen Kjeld , Becker Ulrik , Thiele Maja , Nielsen Anette Søgaard
Published: February 2025

Background

Early identification of potential alcohol-problems is central for timely intervention and treatment referral. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and AUDIT-Consumption (AUDIT-C) serve as globally recognized and validated screening tools for this purpose. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic validity of internationally recommended AUDIT cut-off scores ≥ 8, ≥16, ≥ 20, and AUDIT-C cut-off scores ≥ 4, ≥5 using the Danish language versions of questionnaires in a hospital setting.

Methods

Questionnaire data were collected from 2/15/2023, to 4/27/2023 at the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark. We tested the World Health Organization’s recommended AUDIT cut-offs: ≥8 for hazardous use, ≥ 16 suggestive of dependence, ≥ 20 high likelihood of dependence, along with AUDIT-C ≥ 4 and ≥ 5 using the following reference standard: Danish low-risk drinking guidelines (≤ 10 standard drinks/week) for hazardous use and self-reported ICD-10 alcohol dependence criteria for alcohol dependence. Analyses included ROC curves, AUC, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and agreement.

Results

Three hundred patients participated, mean age 52 years (SD 17.4, median 54) and 51.3% males. Mean AUDIT score was 4.5 (SD 5.8, median 3) with fourteen (4.7%) meeting at least three self-reported ICD-10 criteria for alcohol dependence. The prevalence of hazardous use was 10.7%. AUDIT ≥ 8 exhibited a sensitivity of 56% (95% CI 40.6–73.6) and specificity 91% (95% CI 87.8–94.5) for detecting hazardous use. Against at least three self-reported ICD-10 criteria for alcohol dependence, AUDIT cut-off ≥ 16 showed a sensitivity of 85% (95% CI 66.1–98.2) with 97% specificity (95% CI 96.0-99.2), while cut-off ≥ 20 had a sensitivity of 71% (95% CI 49.2–91.6) with 99% specificity (95% CI 98.1–99.9). The AUDIT-C cut-offs ≥ 4 and ≥ 5 exhibited low positive predictive values in detecting hazardous use (30.8% for ≥ 4 and 36.8% for ≥ 5) and dependence (13.5% for ≥ 4 and 18.4% for ≥ 5) and demonstrated a specificity ranging from 68.5 to 82.1% with negative predictive values from 98.2 to 100%.

Conclusion

In Danish gastroenterology and hepatology departments, the AUDIT and AUDIT-C may be used to identify patients who are unlikely to have an alcohol problem, while positive screen results should be carefully considered and followed by more exhaustive assessment.
Real-world evidence for Pompe disease remains fragmented. Comment on “A rare partnership: patient community and industry collaboration to shape the impact of real-world evidence on the rare disease ecosystem” by Klein et al.
Authors: Kruijshaar Michelle E. , House Tiffany , Schoser Benedikt , Laforêt Pascal , Theunissen Maudy T. M. , Wenninger Stephan , Hundsberger Thomas , Diaz-Manera Jordi , van der Ploeg Ans T. , van der Beek Nadine A. M. E.
Published: February 2025

In a recent publication by Klein et al., the need for real-world data on rare diseases is highlighted. We strongly support this need, and the collaboration with the patient community to collect data, as promoted in this publication. Our concern, however, is that this paper may be misunderstood as suggesting that the Sanofi-run Rare Disease Registries (RDRs) are sufficient to provide the datasets needed to evaluate current and future therapies. Industry-driven registries focus on their own product(s) and, therefore, do not provide the opportunity to compare products from different companies. Today, multiple companies produce treatments for all diseases included in the RDRs. Each company will have to run its own registry for regulatory purposes. This will lead to data fragmentation, which is prohibitive of truly understanding the effects of the various treatment options for these rare diseases. Therefore, independently funded and owned registries are essential to generate real-world evidence (RWE) unrelated to specific products. We discuss options for this for Pompe disease, including the International Pompe Survey, which has collected patient-reported outcomes independently from industry since 2002. This letter aims to raise awareness of the problem of siloed data and advocate for a new way forward where independent registries provide post-marketing surveillance data.
Individual differences in treatment effects of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in primary care: a moderation analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hyland Karin , Romero Danilo , Andreasson Sven , Hammarberg Anders , Hedman-Lagerlöf Erik , Johansson Magnus
Published: February 2025

Background and aims

Little is known regarding predictors of outcome in treatment of alcohol dependence via the internet and in primary care. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of socio-demographic and clinical factors for outcomes in internet-based cognitive behavioral treatment (ICBT) added to treatment as usual (TAU) for alcohol dependence in primary care.

Design

Secondary analyses based on data from a randomized controlled trial in which participants were randomized to ICBT + TAU or to TAU only.

Setting

The study was conducted in collaboration with 14 primary care centers in Stockholm, Sweden.

Participants

The randomized trial included 264 adult primary care patients with alcohol dependence enrolled between September 2017 and November 2019.

Interventions

Patients in the parent trial were randomized to ICBT that was added to TAU (n = 132) or to TAU only (n = 132). ICBT was a 12-week intervention based on motivational interviewing, relapse prevention and behavioral self-control training.

Measures

Primary outcome was number of standard drinks last 30 days. Sociodemographic and clinical predictors were tested in separate models using linear mixed effects models.

Findings

Severity of dependence, assessed by ICD-10 criteria for alcohol dependence, was the only predictor for changes in alcohol consumption and the only moderator of the effect of treatment. Participants with severe dependence showed a larger reduction in alcohol consumption between baseline and 3-months follow-up compared to participants with moderate dependence. The patients with moderate dependence continued to reduce their alcohol consumption between 3- and 12-months follow-up, while patients with severe dependence did not.

Conclusions

Dependence severity predicted changes in alcohol consumption following treatment of alcohol dependence in primary care, with or without added ICBT. Dependence severity was also found to moderate the effect of treatment. The results suggest that treatment for both moderate and severe alcohol dependence is viable in primary care.

Clinical trial registration: The study was approved by the Regional Ethics Board in Stockholm, no. 2016/1367–31/2. The study protocol was published in Trials 30 December 2019. The trial identifier is ISRCTN69957414, available at http://www.isrctn.com, assigned 7 June 2018, retrospectively registered.
Human dispersal into East Eurasia: ancient genome insights and the need for research on physiological adaptations
Authors: Abood Steven , Oota Hiroki
Published: February 2025

Humans have long pondered their genesis. The answer to the great question of where Homo sapiens come from has evolved in conjunction with biotechnologies that have allowed us to more brightly illuminate our distant past. The “Multiregional Evolution” model was once the hegemonic theory of Homo sapiens origins, but in the last 30 years, it has been supplanted by the “Out of Africa” model. Here, we review the major findings that have resulted in this paradigmatic shift. These include hominin brain expansion, classical insight from the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) regarding the timing of the divergence point between Africans and non-Africans, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes. These findings largely bolstered the “Out of Africa” model, although they also revealed a small degree of introgression of the Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes into those of non-African Homo sapiens. We also review paleogenomic studies for which migration route, north or south, early migrants to East Eurasia most likely traversed. Whichever route was taken, the migrants moved to higher latitudes, which necessitated adaptation for lower light conditions, colder clines, and pro-adipogenic mechanisms to counteract food scarcity. Further genetic and epigenetic investigations of these physiological adaptations constitute an integral aspect of the story of human origins and human migration to East Asia.
Current status and research trend of English language assessment: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yang Zhaoyu , Wang Ping
Published: February 2025

This study offers a bibliometric overview of the English language assessment research from 1992 to 2024. It aims to uncover the current state, research trends, and future directions of the field. A total of 927 articles published in Web of Science (WoS) were analyzed using the VOSviewer bibliometric software tool. Based on the sample of 927 articles from the WoS, the findings indicate that (1) the prominent topics and themes include writing assessment, second language writing, language, L2, bilingualism, and self-assessment; (2) potential research directions focus on writing assessment, multilingualism, translanguaging, dynamic assessment, and sociocultural theory; (3) English language assessment research has been gradually increasing since 1992, with a significant growth phase beginning in 2006; (4) journals such as Language Testing, Language Assessment Quarterly, System, Assessing Writing, and Modern Language Journal are pivotal for publications in this field; and (5) Yu Shulin, Pavel Trofimovich, Matthew E. Poehner, Kazuya Saito, and Judit Kormos are notably prolific authors with significant impact. The study highlights the critical role of English language assessment in influencing English language teaching through the “washback effect,” which shapes teaching approaches. This analysis is of significance to all researchers and illustrates the developmental trajectories of the field, emphasizing the need for a paradigm shift toward more holistic and inclusive assessment models.
External validation and comparative performance of the SLANT score for neuroprognostication in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors undergoing targeted temperature management: insights from an Asian cohort
Authors: Ho Yi-Ju , Fan Cheng-Yi , Kuo Yi-Chien , Chen Chi-Hsin , Lien Chun-Ju , Huang Chun-Hsiang , Huang Chien-Tai , Huang Sih-Shiang , Chen Ching-Yu , Sung Chih-Wei , Chiang Wen‑Chu , Chang Wei-Tien , Huang Chien-Hua , Huang Edward Pei-Chuan
Published: February 2025

Background

Neurological outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) depend on multiple factors, including the patient’s baseline condition and post-arrest management. The SLANT, developed specifically for OHCA survivors treated with targeted temperature management (TTM), requires further validation, particularly in Asian populations.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 2016 to 2023, examining demographics, pre-arrest conditions, resuscitation events, and laboratory biomarkers following TTM. The primary outcome was defined as a poor neurological outcome at hospital discharge. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the included variables.

Results

A total of 448 eligible adult patients were included, of whom 77.9% experienced poor neurological outcomes at discharge. The performance of the current cohort was comparable to that of the original SLANT cohort, achieving an area under the curve of 0.797 (95% confidence interval: 0.746–0.849). All five factors of the SLANT score remained statistically significant in predicting poor neurological outcomes. At a cutoff of ≥ 6.5, the SLANT score demonstrated a specificity of 53.5% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 86.9%. Increasing the cutoff value to 8.5 improved the specificity to 66.7% and the PPV to 89.6%.

Conclusion

The SLANT showed high PPV for predicting poor neurological outcomes at discharge in patients with OHCA undergoing TTM across a multicenter Asian cohort. Combining the score with other neurological assessments is recommended for improved neuroprognostication.

Graphical Abstract
Prevalence estimation of Pestivirus scrofae (atypical porcine pestivirus) among Hungarian pig herds and the effects of different sample types on detection rates
Authors: Dénes Lilla , Albert Mihály , Igriczi Barbara , Balka Gyula
Published: February 2025

Background

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPeV), also known as Pestivirus scrofae, is a member of the Pestivirus genus within the Flaviviridae family. Experimental infections have directly linked APPeV to congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in congenitally infected piglets born to challenged sows. Here, we report the assessment of the prevalence of APPeV in Hungarian pig herds and the influence of different sample types on detection rates.

Results

Altogether, 2650 blood serum, 198 oral fluid and 163 processing fluid samples were obtained via a systemic approach from 26 Hungarian farms and one Slovakian farm. The samples originated from different age groups and were analyzed via reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR). The estimated prevalence of APPeV was determined to be 66.67% in the sampled farms, indicating the widespread distribution of the virus within Hungary. Within the positive farms, APPeV genetic material was detected in the serum (21%), processing fluid (57%), and oral fluid (72%) samples. Notably, in some farms, the presence of APPeV was confirmed in only specific sample types, and five farms had APPeV in all three sample types. Age group analysis revealed that 10-week-old animals had the highest positivity rate in their blood serum (27%), whereas 20-week-old animals presented the highest rate in their oral fluid samples (59%). Processing fluid and oral fluid samples proved to be valuable for noninvasive diagnostic matrices, allowing for efficient population-level virus detection. We determined the partial NS2–3 coding region of 15 Hungarian strains and a Slovakian strain, and our phylogenetic analysis revealed that very similar strains can be found on different farms.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our study provides insights into APPeV prevalence in Hungarian pig herds, emphasizing the importance of different sample types for accurate diagnostics. These findings contribute to our understanding of the virus's distribution across different age groups.