bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Other Side of the Story
Authors: Kumalo R. Simangaliso
Published: June 2021

This article provides a critique of the role played by progressive missionaries in securing land for the African people in some selected mission stations in South Africa. It argues that, in spite of the dominant narrative that the missionaries played a role in the dispossession of the African people of their land, there are those who refused to participate in the dispossession. Instead, they used their status, colour and privilege to subvert the policy of land dispossession. It critically examines the work done by four progressive missionaries from different denominations in their attempt to subvert the laws of land dispossession by facilitating land ownership for Africans. The article interacts with the work of Revs John Philip (LMS), James Allison (Methodist), William Wilcox and John Langalibalele Dube (American Zulu Mission [AZM]), who devised land redistributive mechanisms as part of their mission strategies to benefit the disenfranchised Africans.
The Pniël Land Dispute of the Early 20th Century
Authors: Pienaar Pascal
Published: June 2021

In 1834 the slaves of the Groot Drakenstein area were emancipated. They continued to work for farmers in the surrounding area and this resulted in the formation of a community where these farm workers, now able to leave their employer’s land, would return to in the evenings and call home. This land was originally a donation of De Goede Hoop farm, intended mainly for the establishment of a mission station for recently freed slaves. Reverend J.F. Stegman was appointed by the Apostolic Union, a non-denominational Protestant group, as the first reverend of this mission station. At the end of 1834, the Board of Directors of the “Mission Institute Pniël,” a body instituted under the auspices of the Apostolic Union with the initial aim of operating for the benefit of the local people, purchased the Papiere Molen farm. A major portion of the farm was then divided into 99 holdings and applicants from the community, who were accepted as occupiers of these holdings, were known as “erf-holders.” In the following years it became a condition of tenure that they would pay a monthly rental to provide a salary for the Minister, which became the source of contention following the passing of Reverend Stegman. In 1905, local residents of Pniël spoke out regarding their desire to have more input in the operation of the mission station and usage of the land, and they questioned the overall authority of the current board of directors. This led to a court case in which the Board of Directors acted as the defendants. This paper will seek to examine the circumstances for this case as well as those surrounding its outcomes through the lens of a modern reader.
Church Land Reform through a Combination of Examples and Theology of Spatial Justice
Authors: Mlambo Ntandoyenkosi
Published: June 2021

Land was one of the ways the colonialist venture as well as the apartheid regime used to divide people, as well as being a catalyst for superiority. Over hundreds of years, from the beginning of colonial rule until the end of apartheid in 1994, the indigenous people of South Africa were dispossessed from the land. With the end of the Truth and Reconciliation proceedings, it was clear from suggested actions that there should be restitution in South Africa to begin to correct the spatial and resultant economic imbalances. Churches in South Africa embarked on setting declarations on land reform ecumenically and within their own walls. However, little information is available on final reform measures that churches have taken after several ecumenical meetings in the 1990s. Additionally, there is little development in South African theology circles on a theology of land justice. Moreover, a praxis on land justice for churches has not been openly developed or discussed post-1994. This study aims to look at the history of the land issue in South Africa, particularly from 1948–1994, and will include the history of land ownership in the Roman Catholic tradition. In addition, it will look at examples of land reform in the Roman Catholic Church from 1999 until the present in the Diocese of Mariannhill. Furthermore, the article will consider the emerging praxis of spatial justice based on a hermeneutic view taken from black liberation and contextual theology. The article concludes with a look at how these examples and new praxis can develop the ecumenical church’s quest for a prophetic voice and actions in land South African land reform.
Woza Albert! Performing Christ in Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Havenga Marthinus
Published: June 2021

This article investigates the important South African anti-apartheid protest play, Woza Albert!, written and performed in 1981 by Percy Mtwa and Mbogeni Ngema, which retells the story of Jesus Christ so that it takes place in apartheid South Africa. The article begins with a historical overview of how the play came into being, followed by an exposition of the play’s script, specifically focusing on the way it reimagines the gospels’ account of Christ’s life, death and resurrection. The article finally engages theologically with the play (with the help of Hans Urs von Balthasar’s theological dramatic theory), in an attempt to see why Woza Albert! has proved to be such an effective literary tool in speaking out and protesting against the injustices of the apartheid state.
Reading the URCSA Church Order with African Lenses: A Belhar Confession Perspective
Authors: Modise Leepo Johannes
Published: June 2021

There are individuals within the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URCSA) who claim that URCSA is not an African church in the real sense, as it ought to be. These claims have emanated from the narrow reading of URCSA’s Church Order from a European perspective. This article aims at exploring how one can read the URCSA Church Order with African lenses. The author will highlight the identity of URCSA, as was accepted by the 2005 General Synod of Pietermaritzburg, which is African and Reformed. In this article, the author will outline the three concepts that are recently underpinning the African philosophy, namely community, Ubuntu, and Ujamaa as the lenses with which to read the URCSA Church Order. The utilisation of these concepts as lenses will enable us to understand and interpret the URCSA Church Order in an African sense.
Narrative Pertaining Truth and Reconciliation
Authors: Klaasen John Stephanus
Published: June 2021

The use of the oral historical form of communication was tantamount to the failures and successes of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). In this article, narrative or storytelling is the theoretical framework to assess the successes and failures of the work of the South African TRC. A correlation between the Commission’s work and what followed after it had completed its mandate, points to the successes of the Commission in contemporary South Africa. Current limitations to form unity and build a reconciled society can be placed within the structure and function of the truth as relayed through stories and narratives of individuals and groups at hearings of the Commission. There exists a corpus of literature regarding the post-TRC period. This contribution provides a perspective of the work of the TRC from a narrative approach.
Religion and Gender Policy Implementation in Zimbabwe
Authors: Landman Christina , Sibiziwe Shumba
Published: June 2021

African women’s histories show that economic marginalisation of women is rampant. This article evaluates how the implementation of African Traditional Religions, Christianity and the new National Gender Policy (2013–2017) impact on women’s access to land ownership in the Gwanda district of Zimbabwe. The land reform programme, initiated by the Zimbabwean government, endeavoured to alleviate the limited access to land by women through a quota system. The new National Gender Policy (2013–2017) asserts that women should constitute 20% of all recipients of A2 farming land. Women now have the right to apply for A1 and A2 agricultural land, and it gives women authority to control land as a means of production. This marks a departure from the traditional custom where women would acquire land only through their husbands, fathers or any male relative. In this study, a mixed-method approach and case study design were applied to explore if this could eradicate gender inequality caused by religions on women’s access to land ownership? The instruments were questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and document analysis. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample of 80 participants. The findings are that the patriarchal system and cultural practices of African Traditional Religions and Christianity hinder women from accessing land. Some women have a fear of the unknown. The study recommends that women should be conscientised against the marginalising effects of religious, cultural and patriarchal practices, and informed on the contents of the current National Gender Policy (2013–2017). There should also be more female representation on the Land Allocation Committee.
Calvinism and the Making of the European Mind, by Gijsbert van den Brink and Harro M. Höpfl
Authors: Masuku Tobias
Published: June 2021

Not applicable
Nigerian Pentecostalism, Alternative State, and the Question of Accountability
Authors: Igboin Benson Ohihon
Published: June 2021

The debate on the status of the Nigerian state has been controversial, but it portends more towards a failing state, because it has low to very low levels of state capacity. Most state institutions do not have the capacity to inspire socio-economic confidence in the citizenry. Coupled with prevailing insecurity and the inability of the state to address it, many people find an alternative source of hope and confidence within Christianity, and particularly an African Pentecostal state-like formation that makes its leadership a multinational and cross-regional political leadership of a sort. While the political leadership of the failing state would be examined as the main cause for thriving Pentecostalism, there remains the question of accountability on both sides of the spectrum; especially as both concern the same citizenship, whom I will argue are cheated both ways, and yet somehow hold ambivalent attitudes towards accountability. Since there is little attention devoted to demand for accountability at both state and alternative state levels, this paper will do a contrastive analysis of both leaderships and show that the issue of accountability remains unresolved at both ends.
Imaging the God of Justice and Mercy: Theological Allusions in John Wesley’s Thoughts upon Slavery
Authors: Field David N.
Published: June 2021

John Wesley’s influential booklet, Thoughts upon Slavery, argues that slavery is inherently evil and ought to be abolished, largely using the non-religious language of justice, mercy, natural liberty, and natural law. In key places in his argument Wesley alludes to theological concepts. This article contends that these allusions are not random but refer to key theological components of the core of Wesley’s theology. It relates these allusions to expositions of the core concepts in Wesley’s other writings to argue that slavery, and other forms of social injustice, are inherently incompatible with the core of Wesleyan theology.
Revisiting the Mystery of Life in the Hereafter: Reflections of Fr Augustine Urayai of Zimbabwe
Authors: Mokgoatšana Sekgothe , Mudyiwa Misheck
Published: June 2021

The quest for knowledge regarding life after death is indispensable and paramount to most cultures and religions, including African spiritualties and mystery cults. Fr Augustine Urayai was a Roman Catholic priest and exorcist and this paper critically examines his theological reflections on death and life after death, particularly his idea of the “liminal/transitional phase” in the upward movement of spirits from earth to heaven for restoration and re-unification with God. The compulsory “liminal phase” or “zones” (magedhe) where all spirits pass through before their fate is ascertained comprises the resting, treatment, judgment, and feasting respectively. The article first examines the milieu in which Fr Urayai’s theology emerged and developed. As a way of analysis, it explores the age-old question of the immortality of the soul and its link with other religions, cultural and philosophical traditions. As it probes deeper, the article critically examines the ramifications and impact of Fr Urayai’s new theology on the Zimbabwe Christian landscape. The main argument developed in this article is that, even though Fr Urayai’s theory of life in the hereafter appears to be a breakaway from celebrated mainstream theological formulations, it has the potential to hatch useful insights into possible new areas of theological reflection in the ongoing discourses on the link between Christian anthropology and different African spiritualties.
Expanding Historical Theological Perspectives through Transdisciplinary Meta-methodological Engagement
Authors: Houston Peter Carleton
Published: June 2021

Transdisciplinarity emerged at the end of the twentieth century and has come to be conceived of as a meta-methodology that seeks to transcend the different methodologies of segregated disciplines. The meta-methodology of transdisciplinarity finds expression in four different frameworks advanced by Rimondi and Veronese. This paper will expand historical theological perspectives by engaging with this transdisciplinarity meta-methodology. Since transdisciplinarity inherently goes beyond any one discipline, it can therefore influence historical theology without becoming it, and vice versa. Transdisciplinarity is set to increasingly influence theology with transdisciplinary theologians seeking to perceive more clearly the boundaries and potentialities of theological reflection.
Prosecutorial Independence in Lesotho: A Critique of the Model
Authors: 'Nyane Hoolo
Published: June 2021

The Constitution of Lesotho is substantially cast on the Westminster prototype. As such, its institutions, by and large, reflect the structure of similar institutions at Westminster. The institution of the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) is no different: it has been designed to mirror its namesake under the British constitutional design. The underlying feature of classic British-based constitutions is the weak separation of powers and the predominance and condescending nature of the executive branch of government, as incarnated by the office of the Prime Minister. As such, most institutions within the design are beholden to the executive in general and to the Prime Minister in particular. The institution of the DPP is integral in the administration of criminal justice. Hence, its independence and its accountability in the discharge of this important constitutional mandate are of paramount importance. This notwithstanding, the Constitution of Lesotho is generally weak on safeguarding the independence of the office of the DPP and ensuring its corresponding duty of accountability. The purpose of this article is to critique the constitutional design in relation to the office of the DPP and to expose the deficiency of the constitutional clause establishing the Lesotho DPP office. The article contends that while the Constitution, under section 141, provides for some small measure of independence of this office, the broader schematisation of the Constitution is feeble on the independence and accountability of the office. The article analyses the constitutional design of the Lesotho DPP office in comparison with international developments.
Extending the Private Prosecution Provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 to Cover Private Prosecution in the Public Interest
Authors: Msaule Phindile Raymond
Published: June 2021

Criminal prosecution is generally the preserve of the state. However, there are legislated exceptions that allow for private prosecution. For example, section 7 of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 entitles individuals who satisfy certain criteria to prosecute in their own names. Section 8 of the Act, on the other hand, provides for statutory private prosecution. Statutory private prosecutions are limited to certain bodies and certain types of offences. In this article, it is submitted that private prosecution must be extended beyond the realm of sections 7 and 8 of the Act or the currently statutory sanctioned private prosecution. It is contended that section 7 of the Act must be amended to include the prosecution of corruption and related offences, on the one hand, and money laundering and related offences, on the other, in the public interest. It is submitted that there are safeguards to avoid private prosecution being abused. Furthermore, the allowance of private prosecution in the private interest would not impinge on the status of the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) as the constitutional body mandated to institute prosecutions on behalf of the state. This is because a prospective private prosecutor may institute proceedings only in the event that the NPA declines to prosecute or on the basis of unreasonable delay on the part of the NPA to institute prosecutions.
Reflections on Prosecutorial Independence and Impartiality in South Africa: The Recent Jurisprudence of the Courts
Authors: Dyani-Mhango Ntombizozuko
Published: June 2021

Prosecutorial independence and prosecutorial impartiality are important for the effective administration of criminal justice in South Africa. These two concepts are interconnected and yet they are distinct, and distinguishable from judicial independence and judicial impartiality. In the past decade or so, controversy has surrounded and allegations have been made of political interference with prosecutorial independence and impartiality in South Africa. This article reflects on recent developments in the exercise of prosecutorial independence and impartiality in South Africa. The interest was sparked by recent constitutional jurisprudence in developing the law on prosecutorial independence and impartiality. In its analysis of the courts’ jurisprudence on prosecutorial independence, the article further demonstrates that this jurisprudence has had an influence in determining the independence of other institutions responsible for the administration of criminal justice.
When the King can do a lot of Wrong: Some Reflections on S v Dalindyebo 2016 (1) SACR 329 (SCA)
Authors: Nkosi Sipho
Published: June 2021

In this note, the author discusses the trial of King Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo of the AbaThembu tribe, his conviction and sentence—and the aftermath thereof. He examines the legal and constitutional parameters of the immunity of traditional leaders from criminal and civil liability in the exercise of their official functions. The author also attempts to answer some of the questions that are raised by the judgment, albeit tangentially, about the relevance and applicability of the maxim rex non potest peccare in South Africa. The note also examines the maxim’s British historical roots and its points of contact with the pre-colonial, South African version. The author’s conclusion is that despite South Africa having been a British colony at some point, the maxim has never been part of the country’s legal history and constitutional framework. Even if it were to be assumed that the maxim was an integral part of pre-colonial South African constitutional jurisprudence, such as it was, he contends that it would now be palpably inimical to the values that are embodied in the Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
Fabling about Infinity: The Arithmetization of Writing in Salvador Elizondo’s “Grünewalda, o una fábula del infinito”
Authors: Vargas Ómar
Published: June 2021

This article is a close reading of Salvador Elizondo’s “Grünewalda, o una fábula del infinito” (1969), a short story from the collection El retrato de Zoe y otras mentiras. Elizondo purposely mirrors in “Grünewalda” a turbulent chapter in the history of mathematics—the turn of the nineteenth century—when this discipline went through a profound crisis. The article shows how Elizondo skillfully crafts a literary version of a process of arithmetization of writing, as taken from the basics of set theory, and how this process helps to discern the level-changing operators in “Grünewalda” and in all of Elizondo’s texts. Given that mathematical knowledge is merely verbal knowledge, Grünewalda’s life and death problems are syntactic and semantic in principle. Thus, beyond ascribing his rhetoric to a metaphysical sphere, a metamathematical realm is presented as a more adequate depiction of Elizondo’s writing.
Battling for the Hearts and Minds of Latin Americans: Covariance of Attitudes toward the United States and China
Authors: Morgenstern Scott , Bohigues Asbel
Published: June 2021

Although the US preserves a dominant position in Latin America, China’s rise poses economic and political challenges and has set up a potential battle for the hearts and minds of the Latin American populace. To explore this theme, this article considers the level of support among Latin Americans toward China and the United States at the country and individual levels, the causes of variance thereof, and whether the views of China, the newcomer, covary with views about the region’s traditional power broker. We provide evidence that the views do not covary, either positively or negatively, largely because while attitudes toward the United States are structured by ideology and other factors, attitudes toward China are relatively unstructured. This lack of structure appears to be the result of China’s success in appealing to diverse sectors of Latin American society, which, in turn, should positively influence its future trajectory.
Efeitos da laserterapia de baixa intensidade nos mecanismos celulares e moleculares em procedimentos odontológicos: revisão integrativa
Authors: Nogueira José Eriverton Sousa , Fernandes Ana Clara Araújo , Sousa Zildenilson da Silva , Mesquita Ana Beatriz Rodrigues de , Sousa Jady Júlia Patrício de , Rodrigues José Auberlanio Lima , Júnior Perilo Marques Chaves , Mesquita Natanael Carvalho de , Araújo Maria Ocileide de , Silva Thaylon Menezes Ferreira da
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre os efeitos celulares e moleculares da laserterapia de baixa intensidade (LBI) em procedimentos odontológicos. Métodos: Os descritores “Inflammation Mediators”, “Low-Level Light Therapy”, “Dentistry”, “Biomarkers”, “Clinical Trial”, “Drug Evaluation” e “Preclinical” foram aplicados no Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica (MEDLINE) via National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Science Direct e Google Scholar, interligados através de “AND/OR”. O período de 10 anos (2011 a 2021) foi utilizado sendo encontrados um total de 130 estudos que após análise apenas 15 foram incluídos. Resultados: A literatura evidencia essa terapia como promissora para diversos problemas que afetam a cavidade oral, proporcionando efeitos regenerativos no processo de cicatrização, efeitos anti-inflamatórios, reduções de quadros álgicos, desempenhando ainda um papel de suma importância na modulação de citocinas e fatores de crescimento celular em procedimentos odontológicos. Os níveis de interleucina 1 (IL-1β) foram variáveis em associação a LBI, os níveis de substancias P e matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) foram reduzidos nos grupos avaliados. Considerações finais: A LBI pode promover respostas clínicas positivas na odontologia visto a ação dos mediadores envolvidos nestes processos regenerativos, contudo, devido à escassez de estudos em alguns campos da odontologia, faz-se necessário mais pesquisas na área.
Frenectomia com indicação ortodôntica para fechamento de diastema interincisal superior: um relato de caso
Authors: Anjos Lucas Menezes dos , Rocha Aurélio de Oliveira , Santos Rafaela de Menezes dos Anjos , Júnior Nailson Silva Meneses , Santos Marcos Antônio Lima dos , Santos Itana Silva , Lima Thaine Oliveira , Andrade Rayle Monteiro , Oliveira Maraiza Alves de , Menezes Sílvia Regina Santos
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Descrever um caso de diastema interincisal superior, em que foi realizada frenectomia para remoção de freio labial e tecido hipertrófico interincisal para posterior tracionamento ortodôntico e restabelecimento da harmonia do sorriso e oclusão. Detalhamento do caso: Paciente 24 anos, gênero masculino, encaminhado pelo ortodontista para avaliação e conduta de frenectomia labial superior. O paciente relatou que fez uso de chupeta até os seis anos de idade e que apresentava dificuldade na higienização dos incisivos centrais superiores, assim como limitação na movimentação do lábio superior e insatisfação com a estética do seu sorriso, principalmente pela presença do diastema entre os incisivos superiores. Ao exame clínico foi constatada inserção baixa do freio labial superior e presença de tecido fibroso interincisal estendendo-se da região interpapilar vestibular à região anterior do palato. A proposta de tratamento para o caso foi a realização de frenectomia labial superior, permitindo então posterior reposicionamento labial superior e remoção completa de tecido hipertrófico interincisal. Considerações finais: A remoção do freio labial superior, seguida de posicionamento dos dentes por meio de tratamento ortodôntico, é uma conduta simples, de fácil execução e com resultados previsíveis e consagrados pela literatura.
THE USE OF ICT IN ESL CLASSROOMS IN MANIPUR
Authors: Yumnam Rosy
Published: June 2021

The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education has increased manifold in the present times. The role and use of ICT as a tool for English Language Teaching (ELT) is increasingly explored by educators as they assist in creating collaborative and independent learning environment. ICT plays a pertinent role in enhancing motivation, creativity and critical thinking of the learners. In the study, the attitudes of the students and teachers of the secondary schools of Manipur, a state in northeast India towards using ICT in teaching and learning English language are investigated. The paper aims to make the teachers and learners aware of the use of ICT in English as a Second Language (ESL) classroom. Through the questionnaires administered to both teachers and learners, the importance and challenges in the pedagogy of ELT using ICT is identified and discussed. The findings of the survey indicate that most of the teachers and learners held positive approach towards integrating ICT in teaching and learning English language.

 
SEMANTIC-STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES OF SHAKESPEAREAN NEOLOGISMS
Authors: Dilorom Ismoilova
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the contributions of William Shakespeare to the development of the English language. Author discusses structural features of  Shakespearean  neologisms and highlights semantic differences in terms of periods of English language. The study reveals the peculiarities of Shakespearean neologisms due to the standpoints of methods of analysis. The article targeted to clarify the neologisms made in the realm of morphological word-formation. The author utilized the observation method and conducted the qualitative research. The neologisms by the dramatist are divided into 4 categories considering their ways of formation. They are following: the neologisms that were coined by affixation; the neologisms that were minted by syntactic  way; originally new-born words; the neologisms that were coined by conversion.
A CROSS-GENDERED ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN REFUSAL STRATEGIES AND THEIR REALIZATIONS BY THE IRAQI EFL UNIVERSITY LEARNERS
Authors: Mohammed Zainab Saad , Adeeb Eman Riyadh
Published: June 2021

The current study was set out to scrutinize the EFL Iraqi learners' awareness of the different main strategies of refusal speech acts. Because of the crucial nature of this topic, the researchers tended to base it on gender approach to investigate the substantial differences between the male and female learners in this realm. To this end, a sample of EFL Iraqi university learners was chosen randomly, from the department of English to participate in the questionnaire the researchers built. The data of the study was attained via various suggestive situations the learners exposed to in order to provide their refusal responses. The findings of the analysis reveal that both groups mostly favor to employ the direct refusal strategies more than the indirect and adjuncts to refusal strategies with especial reference to the difference between the two gendered groups due to the unconscious ignorance of the toughness of the face-threatening acts.
THE EMERGING ROLE(S) OF LAW IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE IN NIGERIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Aloamaka Patrick Chukwunonso , AdaezeIbekwe Favour
Published: June 2021

There is no gainsaying the fact that the ICPD Call for Action Programme and the Beijing Conference has had pivotal roles in the evolution and growth of Reproductive Health Laws.  These reproductive health laws in turn have served as a means of resolution to Reproductive health issues which include but are not limited to issues such as early and under-aged marriage, adolescent pregnancy, harmful traditional practices examples of which include Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), widowhood practice, domestic violence, abortion, HIV/AIDS, Maternal mortality/morbidities and improper family planning. Many challenges remain in the effort to address these health issues. The major setback has been the failure of state parties (countries) to incorporate these International Reproductive Health Care instruments into their legal system as well as the implementation of these laws. This paper highlights the legality of the ICPD in the context of International Law and also focuses on the emerging roles of laws in Reproductive Health Care in Nigeria
A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF RELIGION AS A TOOL FOR VIOLENCE BY STATE AND NON-STATE ACTORS
Authors: Abado Abraham Lubem , Isenyo Ogaba Solomon
Published: June 2021

There's no gainsaying that the negative dimensions and the influence of various religions on humanity today is worrisome because most religions if not all, preaches peace, Justice and Equality, yet, same religions are used to fan embers of disunity amongst the people of our world. As seen in the various extremist attacks going on in our contemporary societies. Looking at the rise of various religious sects against one another and the society in general, some disturbing questions come to mind; ''What is the very essence of religion? If religion preaches peace, what then, is the interplay between religion and violence? In an attempt to answer these questions, hence the birth of this research. The research uncovered that the very foundations in which most religions for example Islam and Christianity was built have been perverted over time due to human selfish desires. The research however recommends that there's a need for all State and Non-state Actors to properly trace back to the very essence and foundations on which each religion was built to enhance the culture of religious tolerance amongst various religious sects.
Pengaruh Adverse Selection, Negative Framing dan Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Eskalasi Komitmen (Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa Prodi Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak)
Authors: Prihatini Dwi
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji Pengaruh Adverse Selection, Negative Framing dan Gaya kepemimpinan Terhadap Eskalasi Komitmen Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan eksperimen berupa kuisioner kepada partisipan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh Mahasiswa Akuntansi Angkatan 2016 Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak. Pemilihan sampel ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 50 responden. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan dengan metode Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan pendekatan Partial Least Square (PLS) menggunakan perangkat lunak WarpPLS 6.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Adverse Selection tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap Eskalasi Komitmen, Negative Framing berpengaruh terhadap Eskalasi Komitmen dan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Gaya Kepemimpinan tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap Eskalasi Komitmen. Kata Kunci :
Critical Analysis of Social Movement Theories During Lawyers Movement 2007 to 2009
Authors: Fatima Nida , Tariq Shehnaz
Published: June 2021

Abstract: This article discusses the background of lawyer’s movement and gives concept of social movement in detail including civil society and social change, difference between social movement and other movement’s social movement and development on political culture and world system and social change. We can get peace and rights of humanity through movements. This is an analytical descriptive type qualitative research mainly literature review highlight the case study. Civil society is very supportive for lawyers and independent judiciary because lawyers and judiciary faced so many difficulties. They are deep rooted, constituency based, self-organized and self-finance. In Pakistan political scenery, lawyers movement present amazing and excellent example of such a civil society organization
Full-Day School in Sorong of West Papua (Study at Al-Izzah Integrated Islamic Primary School in Sorong City)
Authors: S Sukman , Hermanto Hermanto
Published: June 2021

Full-day School is a learning system by emphasizing to students to be more in school with all existing activities and emphasizes on various educational activities so that students will be more able to explore themselves. With this system is able to shape the character of students by giving or planting moral and religiosity values. In 2016, the full-day school system was announced by the Indonesian Minister of Education and Culture, Mr. Muhajir Efendi and raised the pros and cons for its implementation. Al Izzah Integrated Islamic Primary School in Sorong City West Papua is a leading and favorite private primary school in Sorong City, West Papua, which has been implementing a full-day school system, starting from 2006 until now. The full-day school system implemented by Al Izzah Integrated Islamic Primary School in Sorong City is different from other schools, the time is to go home late in the afternoon but the concept of implementation is different. Full-day school of Al Izzah Integrated Islamic Primary School in Sorong City refers to the Curriculum of the Integrated Islamic School Network. The system is used because the program needs a lot of time. This is a qualitative descriptive research. The primary data source comes from the Chairperson of the Al-Izzah Foundation, the principal, teachers, and students of Al-Izzah Integrated Islamic Primary School in Sorong City. The data collection techniques that are used is observation, interview, and documentation. The data are analyzed by Miles and Huberman method. Student output with the application of a full-day school system at Al Izzah Integrated Islamic Primary School in Sorong City, namely tartil students reading the Qur'an and memorizing at least 2 Juz Al-Qur'an, 5 values in the field of study are complete, dhuha and dhuhur prayers in congregation with awareness, dedicated to parents/teachers, good social behavior, love environment, and independence. The output includes the characters of Al Izzah Integrated Islamic Primary School students who have character, achievement, and independence.
Implementation of Peer-Teaching Learning Methods to Improve the Students’ Learning Outcomes on Features of Modern/Contemporary Art
Authors: Yulianto Arif
Published: June 2021

This study aims to improve the students’ learning outcomes on features of modern/contemporary art after being implemented peer-teaching learning methods. This study is a classroom action research that consisted of two cycles. Each cycle consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This study was conducted on students of class XII IPS1 the second semester of the academic year 2018/2019 in SMA Negeri 1 Wirosari, Wirosari District, Grobogan. Variables of this study was consisted of: (1) the control variable is students of class XII IPS1 with total of 37 people that consisted of 12 boys and 25 girls; (2) the independent variable in the form of cooperative learning model of peer-teaching learning methods; and (3) the dependent variable is students’ learning outcomes. The data collection technique in this study was done by using the test in the form of a written assessment test questions do with the end of each learning cycle and non-test technique by using the observations, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the average value of students’ learning outcomes has increased, this is evidenced from the increase of students’ learning outcomes of Pre-Cycle with the average of 68.16 increased in Cycle I after being implemented peer-teaching methods becomes to 76.61, and eventually could be increased again in Cycle II into 89.28.
Implementation of Problem-Based Learning Model by Speak and Draw Techniques to Improve the Students’ Understanding Ability on the Explanation Text
Authors: Mulyani Fitri Marlina
Published: June 2021

This study aims to improve the students’ understanding ability on the explanation text after being implemented a problem-based learning model by speak and draw techniques. This study was a classroom action research that was composed of two cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages, namely the planning stage, the implementation of the action stage, the observation stage, and the reflection stage. This study was conducted on students of class XI MIPA7 on the 2nd semester of the academic year 2018/2019 in SMA Negeri 1 Wirosari, Wirosari District, Grobogan. The data collection technique was done through observation, questionnaires, and tests. The data collection instrument was done by using observation sheets, documentation, and a written test. The validity of this study was done by using content validity and construct validity. The results showed that the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model by Speak And Draw techniques can improve the students’ understanding ability on the explanation text with the average value of students’ daily test who complete in Cycle I was 72.19 into 81.81 in Cycle II. The completeness percentage of the average value in Cycle I was 69% into 94% in Cycle II.
Improvement of Students’ Learning Outcomes by Using Crosswords Puzzle on Social Sciences Lesson
Authors: Alaudin K. Frans Antonius
Published: June 2021

This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 11 Sungai Ambawang in IPS teacher who applied The Crossword Puzzle learning method to find out the improvement of students’ learning outcomes. This research is a School Action Research. The subject of this study was IPS or Social Studies teacher in grades VIII of SMP Negeri 11 Sungai Ambawang Kubu Raya Regency. This research took place in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of one meeting. The observation and documentation were used in data collection techniques. The type of data collected was observational data on students’ learning outcomes. The criteria for the success in this study was if the average percentage on students’ achievement indicators can reach 75% and has a minimum value of 70 according to KKM on SMP Negeri 11 Sungai Ambawang’s Curriculum. The application of the Crossword Puzzle method which was done by social studies teachers could improve students’ learning outcomes in grades VIII of SMP Negeri 11 Sungai Ambawang. This was evidenced by an increase in the average percentage of students’ learning outcomes for each cycle. This was evidenced by the percentage of students’ learning outcomes that reach the KKM’s value in the first cycle of 50% which was increased to 100% in the second cycle. It means that the number of students’ learning outcomes that reach the KKM’s value of 70 had exceeded the success criteria which was set at 75%.
Improvement of Work Paper Learning Outcomes through Contextual Approaches and Problem-Posing Methods in SMA Negeri 3 Tarakan
Authors: Siga Robertus Romy
Published: June 2021

This research aimed to find out the increasing of learning outcomes in the accounting worksheet, the teacher’s activities of instructional management, and the student’s activities in the learning process at XI-IPS1 classes of SMA Negeri 3 Tarakan in the academic year 2019/2020. The type of this research was classified as Classroom Action Research (CAR) by applying the contextual approach and the problem-posing method. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation of the activities of students and teachers in the class, as well as learning achievement tests in each cycle. The data analysis technique used was a descriptive qualitative analysis conducted on teacher activities in the learning process, student activities in learning, and analysis of student learning outcomes. The result of this analysis showed that both teacher’s and student’s activities indicated gradual increases in the three cycles. Student’s learning outcomes also went up in each cycle. The observation of teacher’s activities in the first cycle was 4.04 and become 4.21 in the second cycle, and went up to 4.29 in the third cycle. The observation of student’s activities in the first cycle was 2.95 and become 3.45 in the second cycle and went up to 3.60 in the third cycle. Classically, passing rates in the first cycle were 41.66% and in the second cycle, it increased by 69.44% and went up to 88.89% in the third cycle. The strength in learning by the contextual approach and the problem-posing method were it can improve teacher’s activities, student’s activities, and learning outcomes. While the weaknesses were it needs more time to prepare the subject and the student with inadequacy in the problem-posing unable to follow the lessons. Based on the result of this research it could be concluded, the contextual approach and the problem-posing method are eligible in improving the student learning outcomes in the accounting worksheet.
Application of Three-Tier Test for Identification of Misconception Student Quantity on Magnetic Pole
Authors: Silviani Reny , Muliyani Riski , Kurniawan Yudi
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to identify the quantity of students who have misconceptions about magnetic poles. This research was a descriptive quantitative study with purposive sampling as the sampling technique. The instrument used was a three-tier test, which is to identify the quantity of students with misconceptions. The results of the study showed that there is the highest misconception that a larger magnetic attraction is stronger than a small magnet. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as a reference for further research and find solutions to these misconceptions.
Relationship between the Role of Nursing Educators with Compliance and Lung Tuberculosis Control Patients in Medika Mulia Hospital
Authors: Trisnawati Citra Dewi Ayu
Published: June 2021

The compliance control of Lung Tuberculosis patients to Poli Paru is influenced by several factors one of which is the Hospital environmental factors (doctors, nurses, midwives, and other health teams). Nurses are a profession very close to patients, one of the approaches used by nurses is the role of the nurse as an Educator. The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between the role of the Nurse Educator with the compliance control of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Medika Mulia Hospital, Tuban. The method used in this research was the correlation analytic method with a cross-sectional research design. The research in this study involved 66 pulmonary TB patients in Pulmonary Medika Mulia Hospital of Tuban with the determination of the sample using a systematic random sampling method. Data collection was carried out by questionnaire using Spearman rho test data analysis. From the results of the analysis obtained data with a significance value of 0.003 (p <0.05) which means there was a positive relationship between the role of Educator nurses with compliance with Lung Tuberculosis patient compliance. Therefore, HI was accepted, namely the close relationship between the role of the Educator nurse and the compliance control of Lung Tuberculosis patients in the Pulmonary Poli Medika Mulia Hospital, Tuban. The results of this study provided input to nurses in the development of nursing knowledge, specifically the role of nurses as educators in the Pulmonary Poli Medika Mulia Hospital of Tuban to improve control compliance in pulmonary TB patients.
The Effectiveness of Humic Acid and Trichoderma sp. for Planting Media with Oil Palm Empty Bunches in Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Handini Aline Sisi , Rahhutami Ratih , Astutik Dwi
Published: June 2021

Pakcoy is a vegetable commodity that has high economic value. This study aims to determine the effect of humic acid and Trichoderma sp. by utilizing empty fruit bunch (EFB) waste as a growing medium for Pakcoy growth. The research method used was a two-factor randomized block design. The first factor is humic acid (AH) with three levels: AH1 = 1 g, AH2 = 2 g, AH3 = 3 g. The second factor is Trichoderma sp. (T) with three levels; T1 = 50 ml, T2 = 100 ml, T3 = 150 ml. In this study it was concluded, the best treatment was found in the application of humic acid with a dose of 1 g on the parameters of observation of leaf length, leaf width, plant height, wet weight, and plant dry weight. The use of Trichoderma sp. in this study, does not affect all parameters observation. The results of the analysis of the planting medium showed that the pH was slightly acidic conditions 5.67 - 6.33. The organic matter content contained in the growing media ranged from 1.20 to 2.62%, and the total N-total contained in the growing medium ranged from 0.10 to 0.18. In-plant tissue analysis shows that the N-total found in plant tissue ranges from 4.62 - 5.23.
The Effect of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) Concentration on the Growth Amount of the Explant of Dendrobium spectabile Orchid by In-Vitro
Authors: Ario Ario , Setiawan Setiawan
Published: June 2021

Dendrobium spectabile orchid is an ornamental plant of high economic value, having relatively durable properties, beauty, and attractiveness of orchids lie in the diverse shapes and colors of the flowers. Therefore, it requires rapid and efficient propagation techniques. One of them is in-vitro vegetative propagation. Plant propagation using the in-vitro technique has the opportunity to produce a large number of plant seeds in a relatively short time. This study aims to determine the correct concentration of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) on the growth amount of the explants of Dendrobium spectabile orchid by in-vitro. The research was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory of the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) of the Aloe Vera Center (AVC) Pontianak. This research was conducted from January 1, 2020, to March 30, 2020. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment consisted of 6 levels of treatment, namely b1 = 0.75 ppm, b2 = 1.00 ppm, b3 = 1.25 ppm, b4 = 1.50 ppm, b5 = 1.75 ppm, b6 = 2.00 ppm. All treatments were repeated 4 times for each treatment consisting of 3 plant samples. The research finding showed that the treatment of BAP concentration 1.50 was the best in increasing the average number of leaves 4.92 strands, the average number of shoots 4.25 buds, and the average leaf length was 2.44 cm.