bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nectar chemistry is not only a plant's affair: floral visitors affect nectar sugar and amino acid composition
Authors: Bogo Gherardo , Fisogni Alessandro , Rabassa‐Juvanteny Joan , Bortolotti Laura , Nepi Massimo , Guarnieri Massimo , Conte Lucia , Galloni Marta
Published: May 2021

Floral nectar is the primary reward directly consumed by floral visitors and its chemical composition affects their behaviour and fidelity. In turn, floral visitors are expected to alter floral nectar composition directly or indirectly through the introduction of external contaminants, such as pollen grains and microorganisms. To understand the effect of exogenous factors on nectar chemistry, we investigated the modifications of nectar sugar and amino acid composition in relation to floral visitors in the perennial herb Gentiana lutea. We quantified nectar contamination by floral visitors through visitor exclusion experiments in the field, estimating pollen and yeast concentration in visited flowers and in uncontaminated nectar at two different flower stages (flower bud and older open flowers). We then assessed changes in the composition and concentration of sugars and both protein and non‐protein amino acid in the nectar. We found clear differences in the chemical composition of flower nectar in relation to flower stage and floral visitation. Nectar sugar and amino acid concentrations were significantly higher in older flowers than in flower buds. In addition, nectar sugar concentration was significantly higher in older flowers where visitors were excluded than in visited flowers. On the contrary, amino acid concentration was comparable between visited and non‐visited older flowers. We also found that pollen contamination enriched the amino acid profile of the host nectar both quantitatively and qualitatively. Finally, nectar exposed to floral visitors showed a higher number of yeast cells than unvisited flowers although too low to cause the observed changes in the glucose:fructose ratio, suggesting the presence of fructose‐related bacteria. Our results show that the chemical composition of floral nectar is altered by several endogenous and exogenous factors in a complex process of ecological relations, and suggest that the modulation of floral visitation through nectar is not solely related to the plant itself.
Estimating abundance and phenology from transect count data with GLMs
Authors: Edwards Collin B. , Crone Elizabeth E.
Published: May 2021

Estimating population abundance is central to population ecology. With increasing concern over declining insect populations, estimating trends in abundance has become even more urgent. At the same time, there is an emerging interest in quantifying phenological patterns, in part because phenological shifts are one of the most conspicuous signs of climate change. Existing techniques to fit activity curves (and thus both abundance and phenology) to repeated transect counts of insects (a common form of data for these taxa) frequently fail for sparse data, and often require advanced knowledge of statistical computing. These limitations prevent us from understanding both population trends and phenological shifts, especially in the at‐risk species for which this understanding is most vital. Here we present a method to fit repeated transect count data with Gaussian curves using linear models and show how robust abundance and phenological metrics can be obtained using standard regression tools. We then apply this method to nine years of Baltimore checkerspot data using generalized linear models (GLMs). This case study illustrates the ability of our method to fit even years with only a few non‐zero survey counts, and identifies a significant negative relationship between population size and growing degree days (GDD) each year. We believe our new method provides a key tool to unlock previously‐unusable data sets, and may provide a useful middle ground between ad hoc metrics of abundance and phenology, and custom‐coded mechanistic models.
Toward a positive theory of public participation in government: Variations in New York City's participatory budgeting
Authors: Shybalkina Iuliia
Published: May 2021

Normative research on public participation in government related to desirable amounts and modes of participation has been flourishing. However, positive research explaining variations in real‐world participation processes, while gaining momentum, is still thin and fragmented. This article aims to further the positive perspective by examining differences in participatory budgeting (PB) and the reasons for these differences in six New York City council districts based on fieldwork and secondary sources. The evidence suggests that district offices were invested in PB to gain strategic advantages, such as answering calls for political renewal, recovering from a mismanagement scandal, and signaling progressive values. Similarly, civil society organizations steered their resources toward PB only if they were interested in agenda items and in doing work with as opposed to against public officials. In the end, this study discusses implications for positive research and possible external interventions to achieve more even participation standards.
Tracheal intubation with or without a neuromuscular blocking agent for a short surgical procedure in children: Prospective, randomized, double‐blind trial
Authors: Park Sujung , Kim Ji‐Ho , Bae Jae Chan , Lee Jeong‐Rim , Kim Min‐Soo
Published: May 2021

Background

Although a neuromuscular blocking agent during induction of anesthesia is the standard of care in adults, some pediatric anesthesiologists remain concerned about their use for several reasons. Therefore, propofol and short‐acting opioids with a moderate concentration of sevoflurane have been used as alternatives to a neuromuscular blocking agent.

Aims

This study compared propofol, alfentanil, and rocuronium to determine the optimal anesthetic agent for intubation conditions as well as emergence in a short pediatric procedure.

Methods

In this prospective, randomized, double‐blind study, 114 pediatric patients, aged 1–9 years, were randomly assigned to one of three groups receiving either propofol 2 mg kg−1 (propofol group), alfentanil 14 mcg kg−1 (alfentanil group), or rocuronium 0.3 mg kg−1 (rocuronium group). The primary outcome was intubating conditions, which were evaluated 90 s after test drug administration. Vital signs were recorded during the intubation period. Complications during and after emergence, time to recovery, airway‐related complications, and severity of emergence agitation were recorded.

Results

Compared with the propofol group (60%), significantly more excellent intubating conditions were observed in the alfentanil group (97%, percent difference −37, 95% confidence interval (CI) −54.4‐−21.0, p < .001) and the rocuronium group (87%, percent difference −27, 95% CI −46.5‐−8.2, p = .041). Hemodynamic responses were different between the rocuronium and alfentanil groups, although the incidence of adverse events was not different among the three groups. The emergence duration was only statistically different between the rocuronium group [9.9 ± 3.2 min] and the propofol group [11.7 ± 2.2 min] (difference 95% CI 0.667‐3.583, p = .001), while that of the alfentanil group [10.9 ± 2.4 min] was comparable with the other groups.

Conclusions

Both 0.3 mg kg−1 rocuronium and 14 µg kg−1 alfentanil are superior adjuncts for tracheal intubation in children undergoing frenulectomy in comparison with 2 mg kg−1 propofol. Hemodynamic adverse events and recovery profiles were comparable among the three groups.
Factors differentiating panic disorder with and without comorbid symptoms of depression
Authors: Barrio‐Martínez Sara , Cano‐Vindel Antonio , Muñoz‐Navarro Roger , Moriana Juan Antonio , Ruíz‐Rodríguez Paloma , Medrano Leonardo Adrián , Ventura Ludovica , González‐Blanch César
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the sociodemographic and clinical differences between people with a probable diagnosis of panic disorder (PD) and those with PD and a probable comorbid diagnosis major depressive disorder (PD + MDD). We also sought to explore the potential contribution of cognitive variables to help differentiate between PD and PD + MDD. This was a subgroup analysis of 331 patients with PD symptoms who were included in the PsicAP clinical trial. All participants completed scales to evaluate panic, depression, somatization, cognitive and performance variables. A univariate analysis showed significant differences (p < .01) between the groups (PD vs PD + MDD) in clinical variables. Somatization was the best predictor of comorbid PD + MDD (β = .346; p < .01). Cognitive variables do not appear to play an essential role in predicting the presence of depressive symptoms in people with a screen positive for PD. These findings appear to support a transdiagnostic treatment approach for PD, which may be useful regardless of whether comorbid depression is present or not.

Practitioner points

Somatic symptoms were associated with a higher probability of be in the PD + MDD group.

Cognitive variables do not play a relevant role in the differentiation of both groups.

A transdiagnostic approach can be useful for the treatment of PD or PD + MDD group.
Transcriptome analysis of rice response to blast fungus identified core genes involved in immunity
Authors: Yang Dewei , Li Shengping , Xiao Yueping , Lu Ling , Zheng Zichao , Tang Dingzhong , Cui Haitao
Published: May 2021

Rice blast disease caused by the filamentous Ascomycetous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is a major threat to rice production worldwide. The mechanisms underlying rice resistance to M. oryzae, such as transcriptional reprogramming and signalling networks, remain elusive. In this study, we carried out an in‐depth comparative transcriptome study on the susceptible and resistant rice cultivars in response to M. oryzae. Our analysis highlighted that rapid, high‐amplitude transcriptional reprogramming was important for rice defence against blast fungus. Ribosome‐ and protein translation‐related genes were significantly enriched among differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 12 hpi in both cultivars, indicating that the protein translation machinery is regulated in the activation of immunity in rice. Furthermore, we identified a core set of genes that are involved in the rice response to both biotic and abiotic stress. More importantly, among the core genes, we demonstrated that the metallothionein OsMT1a and OsMT1b genes positively regulated rice resistance while a peroxidase gene Perox4 negatively regulated rice resistance to M. oryzae. Our study provides novel insight into transcriptional reprogramming and serves as a valuable resource for functional studies on rice immune signalling components in resistance to blast disease.
The Role of Humanitarianism in Shaping Public Attitudes Toward Refugees
Authors: Fraser Nicholas A. R. , Murakami Go
Published: May 2021

Most studies that explore attitudes towards immigration conceptualize immigrants as economic migrants. The limitation of this approach is that it emphasizes economic costs and benefits while ignoring the humanitarian logic that forms the basis of refugee admission. To date, few studies have developed and tested theories that explain public support for admitting humanitarian migrants. Our article fills this gap. We argue that dispositional and situational triggers related to humanitarianism shape public attitudes towards refugees: When natives are predisposed to help others in need (humanitarianism) and/or refugees are seen to be victims of randomly occurring events, the public is more likely to support refugee admission. We test this theory using observational and experimental data from a country that accepts few resettlement refugees, Japan. Our study uses a rating‐based conjoint which randomized crisis event, place of origin, access to public housing, and degree of political support for receiving refugees. We find that humanitarianism predicts public support for admitting refugees more strongly than it predicts support for economic migrants. Moreover, we show that people with a higher level of humanitarianism prefer to admit refugees who flee natural disasters and wars as opposed to those who escape from political repression.
Law and Coercion: Some Clarification
Authors: Miotto Lucas
Published: May 2021

The relationship between law and coercion has been, and still is, a central topic in legal philosophy. Despite this, discussion about it is immersed in confusion. Some philosophers have noticed this, but hardly any work has been done to attempt to solve or even identify the confusions. This paper aims to fill this gap. Here I propose distinctions and qualifications that help us clarify the relationship between law and coercion and avoid confusion. Building on the clarificatory work, I then argue that despite there being several distinct philosophical discussions about the relationship between law and coercion, one of them should be prioritised.
The Causal Mechanism Theory of Legal Causation
Authors: Bach‐y‐Rita Peter
Published: May 2021

Theories of legal causation that identify the concept with probability‐raising generate false positives where the defendant's conduct raises the probability of harm but brings about that harm in the wrong kind of way. Moreover, what the law seeks to deter is not conduct that raises the probability of harm, but rather conduct that is dangerous. A legal or proximate cause is one that harms the plaintiff through the causal mechanism that sustains the lawful generalization that the defendant's conduct was dangerous.
European “Freedoms”: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Audard Catherine
Published: May 2021

Faced with the present migrant crisis and the dismal record of Europe in protecting vulnerable refugees’ and migrants’ rights, what could be the view of the moral philosopher? The contrast between the principles enshrined in the European Charter of Fundamental Rights and the reality of present policies is shocking, but more scrutiny will show that it is the result of a larger trend towards an understanding of freedom mostly in economic terms, at a time when economists such as Amartya Sen have revised their approach to economic growth and prosperity, noting the central role played by a much richer conception of freedom. The paper will scrutinize these inconsistencies and the conception of the person from which they derive and will provide an alternative and more coherent moral vision that could strengthen the legitimacy of the European Charter, at a time of growing dissatisfaction and so‐called democratic deficit. Such a vision could help reconnect the Charter with a conception of the human person as in need not solely of passive legal protection, but also of active promotion of her self‐respect and capabilities, and of her aspiration to a valuable life.
Interspecies cell fusion between mouse embryonic stem cell and porcine pluripotent cell
Authors: Bou Gerelchimeg , Guo Jia , Fang Yuan , Li Xuechun , Wei Renyue , Li Yan , Liu Zhonghua
Published: May 2021

In the area of stem cell research, fusion of somatic cells into pluripotent cells such as mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells induces reprogramming of the somatic nucleus and can be used to study the effect of trans‐acting factors from the pluripotent cell on the pluripotent state of somatic nucleus. As many other groups, we previously established a porcine pluripotent cell line at a low potential. Therefore, here, we performed experiments to investigate if the fusion with mouse ES cell could improve the pluripotent state of porcine pluripotent cell. Our data showed that resultant mouse–porcine interspecies fused cells are AP positive, and could be passaged up to 20 passages. Different degrees of increases in expression of porcine pluripotent genes proved that pig‐origin gene network can be programmed by mouse ES. Further differentiation study also confirmed these fused cells’ potential to form three germ layers. However, unexpectedly, we found that chromosome loss and aberrant (especially in porcine chromosomes) is severe after the cell fusion, implying that interspecies cell fusion may be not suitable to study porcine pluripotency without additional supportive conditions for genome stabilization.
Digging deep: a revised phylogeny of Australian burrowing cockroaches (Blaberidae: Panesthiinae, Geoscapheinae) confirms extensive nonmonophyly and provides insights into biogeography and evolution of burrowing
Authors: Beasley‐Hall Perry G. , Rose Harley A. , Walker James , Kinjo Yukihiro , Bourguignon Thomas , Lo Nathan
Published: May 2021

Soil‐burrowing cockroaches (Blaberidae: Geoscapheinae) are large insects endemic to Australia. Originally thought to represent a monophyletic group, these enigmatic species have in fact evolved burrowing behaviour, associated fossorial morphological modifications, and dietary transitions to dry leaf litter feeding multiple times from the wood‐feeding Panesthiinae in a striking example of parallel evolution. However, various relationships within these two subfamilies remain unresolved or poorly understood, notably the apparent paraphyly of Panesthiinae with respect to Geoscapheinae, the position and diversification of certain species within major clades, and several aspects of the overall group's biogeography and morphological evolution. Here, we investigate the phylogeny of Australian members of these two subfamilies using whole mitochondrial genomes paired with nuclear ribosomal markers and highly conserved genes from the bacterial endosymbiont Blattabacterium. Using the resulting robust, fossil‐calibrated phylogeny from these three sources we confirm the nonmonophyly of both subfamilies and recover Geoscapheinae as polyphyletic within a paraphyletic Panesthiinae. The nonmonophyly of natural groups, at all levels from subfamily to species, has been driven by repeated, independent acquisitions of burrowing forms in Geoscapheinae from panesthiine ancestors that colonized the continent on two separate occasions during the Miocene. We additionally find morphological variation within Geoscapheinae itself is correlated with species distributions. Older soil‐burrowing clades living in comparatively arid environments have additional morphological reductions beyond obvious fossorial adaptations compared to those in younger burrowing clades from more temperate habitats. Ultimately, the results presented here demonstrate connections among phylogeny, biogeography and morphology throughout Australian representatives of these two subfamilies, factors that could not be previously consolidated using existing phylogenetic frameworks. Given the discordance between molecular data implemented here and the existing taxonomic classification, we find no support for retaining Geoscapheinae as a discrete taxonomic grouping. In closing, we discuss the taxonomic implications of these results and present a roadmap for future research on Geoscapheinae and their panesthiine relatives.
Discovery of the novel HLA‐B*35:518 allele in a Taiwanese individual
Authors: Yang Kuo‐Liang , Li Chi‐Cheng , Lin Py‐Yu
Published: May 2021

One nucleotide substitution in codon 146 of HLA‐B*35:01:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐B*35:518.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of toxoplasmosis among transplant recipients at two US academic medical centers
Authors: Adekunle Ruth O. , Sherman Amy , Spicer Jennifer O. , Messina Julia A. , Steinbrink Julie M. , Sexton Mary Elizabeth , Lyon George Marshall , Mehta Aneesh K. , Phadke Varun K. , Woodworth Michael H.
Published: May 2021

Toxoplasma gondiican cause severe opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, but diagnosis is often delayed. We conducted a retrospective review of solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with toxoplasmosis between 2002 and 2018 at two large US academic transplant centers. Patients were identified by ICD‐9 or ICD‐10 toxoplasmosis codes, positiveToxoplasmapolymerase chain reaction test result, or pathologic diagnosis. Data were collected regarding transplant type, time from transplant to toxoplasmosis diagnosis, clinical and radiographic features, and mortality at 30 and 90 days. Twenty patients were identified: 10 HSCT recipients (80% allogeneic HSCT) and 10 SOT recipients (60% deceased donor renal transplants). Rejection among SOT recipients (70%) and graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis among HSCT recipients (50%) were frequent. Median time from transplant to toxoplasmosis diagnosis was longer for SOT than HSCT (1385 vs. 5 days,P‐value .002). Clinical manifestations most commonly were encephalitis (65%), respiratory failure (40%), renal failure (40%), and distributive shock (40%). Cohort 30‐day mortality was 45%, and 90‐day mortality was 55%. Diagnosis was postmortem in 25% of the cohort. Further evaluation of toxoplasmosis screening is needed for noncardiac SOT recipients, HSCT recipients with GVHD, and periods of increased net immunosuppression.
Outcomes of COVID‐19 in solid organ transplant recipients: A matched cohort study
Authors: Pereira Marcus R. , Arcasoy Selim , Farr Maryjane A. , Mohan Sumit , Emond Jean C. , Tsapepas Demetra S. , Shi Qiuhu , Purpura Lawrence , Uhlemann Anne‐Catrin , Zucker Jason , Verna Elizabeth C.
Published: May 2021

Whether solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at increased risk of poor outcomes due to COVID‐19 in comparison to the general population remains uncertain. In this study, we compared outcomes of SOT recipients and non‐SOT patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 in a propensity score matched analysis based on age, race, ethnicity, BMI, diabetes, and hypertension. After propensity matching, 117 SOT recipients and 350 non‐SOT patients were evaluated. The median age of SOT recipients was 61 years, with a median time from transplant of 5.68 years. The most common transplanted organs were kidney (48%), followed by lung (21%), heart (19%), and liver (10%). Overall, SOT recipients were more likely to receive COVID‐19 specific therapies and to require ICU admission. However, mortality (23.08% in SOT recipients vs. 23.14% in controls, P = .21) and highest level of supplemental oxygen (P = .32) required during hospitalization did not significantly differ between groups. In this propensity matched cohort study, SOT recipients hospitalized with COVID‐19 had similar overall outcomes as non‐SOT recipients, suggesting that chronic immunosuppression may not be an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in COVID‐19.
Genomic analyses provide comprehensive insights into the domestication of bast fiber crop ramie (Boehmeria nivea)
Authors: Wang Yanzhou , Li Fu , He Qiaoyun , Bao Zhigui , Zeng Zheng , An Dong , Zhang Ting , Yan Li , Wang Hengyun , Zhu Siyuan , Liu Touming
Published: May 2021

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) is an economically important natural fiber‐producing crop that has been cultivated for thousands of years in China; however, the evolution of this crop remains largely unknown. Here, we report a ramie domestication analysis based on genome assembly and resequencing of cultivated and wild accessions. Two chromosome‐level genomes representing wild and cultivated ramie were assembled de novo. Numerous structural variations between two assemblies, together with the genetic variations from population resequencing, constituted a comprehensive genomic variation map for ramie. Domestication analysis identified 71 high‐confidence selective sweeps comprising 320 predicted genes, and 29 genes from sweeps were associated with fiber growth in the expression. In addition, we identified seven genetic loci associated with the fiber yield trait in the segregated population derived from the crossing of two assembled accessions, and two of which showed an overlap with the selective sweeps. These findings indicated that bast fiber traits were focused on during the domestication history of ramie. This study sheds light on the domestication of ramie and provides a valuable resource for biological and breeding studies of this important crop.
AtNUF2 modulates spindle microtubule organization and chromosome segregation during mitosis
Authors: Li Jin , Wang Yutao , Zou Wenxuan , Jian Liufang , Fu Ying , Zhao Jie
Published: May 2021

The NDC80 complex is a conserved eukaryotic complex composed of four subunits (NUF2, SPC25, NDC80, and SPC24). In yeast and animal cells, the complex is located at the outer layer of the kinetochore, connecting the inner layer of the kinetochore and spindle microtubules (MTs) during cell division. In higher plants, the relationship of the NDC80 complex with MTs is still unclear. In this study, we characterized the biological function of AtNUF2, a subunit of the Arabidopsis NDC80 complex. We found that AtNUF2 is widely expressed in various organs, especially in different stages of embryonic development. It was verified that AtNUF2 co‐localized with α‐tubulin on MTs during mitosis by immunohistochemical assays. Mutation of AtNUF2 led to severe mitotic defects, not only in the embryo and endosperm, but also in seedlings, resulting in seed abortion and stagnating seedling growth. Furthermore, the biological function of AtNUF2 was studied using partially complemented nuf2‐3/‐DD45;ABI3pro::AtNUF2 (nuf2‐3/‐DA) seedlings. The chromosome bridge and lagging chromatids occurred in nuf2‐3/‐DA root apical meristem cells, along with aberration of spindle MTs, resulting in blocked root growth. Meanwhile, the direct binding of AtNUF2 and AtSPC25 to MTs was determined by an MT co‐sedimentation assay in vitro. This study revealed the function of AtNUF2 in mitosis and the underlying mechanisms, modulating spindle MT organization and ensuring chromosome segregation during embryo, endosperm, and root development, laying the foundation for subsequent research of the NDC80 complex.
Experiences and needs of families with a relative admitted to an adult intensive care unit: a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Kynoch Kathryn , Ramis Mary-Anne , McArdle Annie
Published: May 2021

Objective:

The objective of the review was to synthesize research studies that reported on the experiences and needs of families with a relative in an adult intensive care unit.

Introduction:

Having a relative in an intensive care unit has been reported to be a time of turmoil, stress, and disruption to the lives of family members. Primary research studies suggest such a crisis or even a planned intensive care unit admission can have not only emotional, physical, and psychological impact, but can also affect family member roles and function. A deeper understanding of the overall experience may assist intensive care unit staff to address specific family needs.

Inclusion criteria:

This review included qualitative studies of any design that described and explored the experiences and needs of family members with a relative admitted to an adult intensive care unit.

Methods:

The methods for the review followed the JBI meta-aggregation approach for synthesizing qualitative data. MEDLINE (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Embase (Embase.com) and Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate Analytics) databases were searched for published studies. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database (Ovid) was searched for unpublished studies. Studies published from 2010 to November 2019 in the English language were selected for possible inclusion in the review.

Results:

From 7208 citations, 20 studies were agreed upon for inclusion in the review. From these studies, 112 findings were extracted and synthesized into 12 categories. Four synthesized findings were compiled by aggregating the categories. Broadly, these synthesized findings related to: psychosocial health, proximity, information needs, and the intensive care unit environment.

Conclusions:

Being a relative of a patient in an intensive care unit is a complex, emotional, and individual experience that can have physical, psychological, and emotional impact. The synthesized findings from this review can be used to support family-centered care practices in adult intensive care units, particularly in regard to information provision, visiting practices, and supportive care.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42016053300
Methodological variations in studies reporting normative data for binocular vision parameters: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Nandagopal Pooja , Srinivasan Krithica , Bhat Jayasheela R. , Thasmia
Published: May 2021

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to map the methodological variations and population characteristics of the studies that report normative data for accommodation and vergence parameters.

Introduction:

Accommodation and vergence are the two important parameters required for normal binocular vision. The presence of accommodation and vergence anomalies impairs the quality of life of an individual by interfering with their daily visual activities. Diagnosis of accommodative and vergence anomalies requires a series of test procedures. The test procedure or the tool used could influence the outcome measured. Different study designs and methods have been used to estimate the normative data; therefore, we aim to explore the variation in terms of population characteristics and methods used to measure accommodative and vergence parameters.

Inclusion criteria:

This scoping review will include published literature that assesses normative function of various binocular vision parameters with a focus on mapping the methodological differences.

Methodology:

JBI methodological framework for scoping reviews will be followed. The review will also be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Three-phase searches for identifying relevant articles will be conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, African Journals Online, LILACS, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Google Scholar. The review undertakes two stages of screening: i) title/abstract screening and ii) full-text screening. The data will be extracted from the retrieved full text. The results will be tabulated and summarized descriptively.
Psychometric properties of self-reported measures of health-related quality of life in people living with HIV: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Yang Zhongfang , Zhu Zheng , Wen Huan , Han Shuyu , Xing Weijie , Dong Tingyue , Guo Mengdi , Hu Yan
Published: May 2021

Objective:

The aim of this review is to identify and assess the psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures of health-related quality of life in people living with HIV.

Introduction:

Some reviews have been conducted to identify generic and HIV-specific health-related, quality-of-life measures in people living with HIV. However, these studies did not report the psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures, making it difficult for researchers to choose one measure from the existing measures to assess health-related quality of life. This review will highlight various psychometric properties of the validation studies rather than reporting the content of measures.

Inclusion criteria:

We will consider studies that validate patient-reported outcome measures of health-related quality of life in people living with HIV and evaluate one or more measurement proprieties. Studies published in English or Chinese and conducted in any country or setting will be eligible for inclusion.

Methods:

PubMed, Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Cochrane CENTRAL (Wiley), Wanfang, and CNKI will be searched from January 1, 1996 to the present. The evaluation of measurement properties, data extraction, and data synthesis will be conducted according to JBI methodology.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42021253672
Fluid biomarkers of white matter hyperintensities in cerebrovascular disease and neurodegeneration: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Anastassiadis Chloe , Vasilevskaya Anna , Gumus Melisa , Santos Alexandra , Tartaglia Maria Carmela
Published: May 2021

Objective:

The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the association between fluid biomarkers and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in cerebrovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders. While previous research has examined the etiology of WMH in specific diseases, we propose a comprehensive framework encompassing WMH of both vascular and non-vascular origin.

Introduction:

Although WMH have been mostly described in aging populations with cerebrovascular disease, extensive lesions also occur in non-vascular diseases. Such lesions are traditionally treated as a separate pathological entity from vascular ones, but recent work has challenged the appropriateness of that framework when probing WMH etiology. Comparing biomarkers associated with WMH across various pathologies may improve our understanding of their etiology.

Inclusion criteria:

The review will focus on cerebrovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders and exclude infectious, metabolic, drug-induced, or radiation-induced white matter diseases. Original, peer-reviewed research on the relationship of WMH on magnetic resonance imaging with blood/cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers will be considered for inclusion. Postmortem studies will guide the selection of biomarkers of interest and the interpretation of our findings. Genomic markers will be excluded.

Methods:

The review will be conducted in accordance with PRISMA and JBI guidelines. English articles of interest published between 2000 and 2020 will be identified in MEDLINE and Embase. Two reviewers will perform abstract and full-text screening, standardized data extraction, and quality assessments of the selected studies. The relationship between each biomarker and WMH burden will be meta-analyzed, if possible, with subgroup or meta-regression analyses to assess differences between diseases.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42020218298.
Nurse-led care management models for patients with multimorbidity in hospital settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gonçalves Isabel , Mendes Diana Arvelos , Caldeira Sílvia , Nunes Elisabete Maria Garcia Teles
Published: May 2021

Objective:

The aim of this scoping review is to map the nurse-led care management models for patients with multimorbidity in hospital settings.

Introduction:

The increase of chronic diseases and the associated multimorbidity create challenges for health care resources and services. Considering their role and skill set, nurses are in a position to lead the transformation of health care for patients with chronic illness. Several nurse-led care management models in the community have been identified in the literature, but little is known about these models in hospital settings. It is necessary to map the existing nurse-led care management models and describe their characteristics, differences, and similarities, and the implications for patients with multimorbidity in a hospital environment.

Inclusion criteria:

This scoping review will consider studies focusing on nurse-led care management models for adult patients with multimorbidity in hospital settings, including readmissions, discharges, and visits to emergency services.

Methods:

The search will include Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Nursing and Allied Health Collection, and gray literature through OpenGrey. This review will be restricted to studies published in English. A three-step search strategy will be used, and the articles identified in the databases will be organized and the duplicates removed. The titles and abstracts will be analyzed by two independent reviewers. Full texts will be imported into a bibliographic reference management system. The findings will be presented in tables and descriptive summary.
Prevalence of comorbid substance use disorders with anxiety disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder in people seeking treatment for substance abuse: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Campêlo Selva Rios , Barbosa Maria Alves , Porto Celmo Celeno , Dias Danilo Rocha
Published: May 2021

Objective:

This systematic review will aim to assess evidence of the prevalence of comorbid substance use disorders with anxiety disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder in people seeking treatment for substance use.

Introduction:

Research shows that anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder are highly prevalent in people with substance use disorders and can worsen the treatment outcomes, increasing the risk of relapse and poor adherence. However, evidence from systematic reviews on the prevalence of these comorbidities in substance use treatment settings is limited.

Inclusion criteria:

Participants will be people seeking treatment for substance use. Studies will be included if they have investigated the prevalence of the comorbid substance use disorders with anxiety disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder in treatment settings.

Methods:

Primary studies will be screened from the databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Embase, and from searches to source gray literature. Eligible cross-sectional and cohort studies published after 1994 with no language limits will be retrieved, and their methodological quality will be assessed. Data extraction will include study details, methods, and outcomes. Results will be described by narrative summary or, if studies are sufficiently similar, a meta-analysis will be performed. Prevalence data will be pooled for meta-analysis by a random effects model. The results will be presented graphically in a forest plot. Data heterogeneity will be statistically tested using χ2 and I
2 tests. If substantial heterogeneity is detected, sources of heterogeneity will be explored by subgroup analysis and meta-regression, and results will be presented by a narrative summary.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42020149956
Using wearable and mobile technology to measure and promote healthy sleep behaviors in adolescents: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Beck Amy J. , Duffett-Leger Linda , Bright Katherine S. , Keys Elizabeth M. , Hayden Alix , Ward Teresa M. , Ferber Reed
Published: May 2021

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to map the evidence related to how consumer-targeted wearable and mobile technology is being used to measure and/or promote sleep among adolescents.

Introduction:

Sleep is a key component of physical and mental health and is required for healthy development in adolescence. Efforts to improve insufficient and poor-quality sleep among adolescents have resulted in limited and temporary enhancements in sleep habits. Since good sleep hygiene is established through the development of daily routines, wearable technology offers a potential solution by providing real-time feedback, allowing adolescents to monitor and manage their sleep habits.

Inclusion criteria:

Studies that focus on adolescents between 13 and 24 years who use mobile or wearable technology to measure and/or promote sleep health will be considered for inclusion.

Methods:

Using a scoping methodology, the authors will conduct a review of studies on the use of commercially available, wearable technology or mobile devices designed to measure and/or improve sleep among adolescents. Literature searched will include published primary studies, reviews, and dissertations from database inception to present. Databases searched will include MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, JBI Evidence Synthesis, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. The search will be conducted using identified keywords and indexed terms, and studies will be limited to the English language. Data extracted will include study population, methods, description of sleep technology reported, sleep outcomes, and strategies used to promote healthy sleep behaviors. Quality assessment of included studies will be conducted to facilitate data mapping and synthesis.
Association between neighborhood built environment and health-related fitness: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Frehlich Levi , Christie Chelsea , Ronksley Paul , Turin Tanvir C. , Doyle-Baker Patricia , McCormack Gavin
Published: May 2021

Objective:

The objective of this review is to summarize the current literature on the association between the neighborhood built environment and components of health-related fitness. The findings may be useful for policy-makers and health professionals to inform the development of health-supportive neighborhood built environments.

Introduction:

There is accumulating evidence linking neighborhood built environments to health, including physical activity and chronic health conditions, yet little is known about the potential links between the built environment and health-related fitness. Although physical activity and health-related fitness are intimately linked, health-related fitness is thought to be a more proximate and stronger correlate of health. Understanding how the built environment influences health-related fitness will allow better health-promoting urban design and population-level interventions.

Inclusion criteria:

Published and unpublished evidence will be included if it has a quantitative component and the sample includes adults aged 18 years or older, with no physical disabilities or health issues that may affect health-related fitness. The exposure of interest will be objectively measured and self-reported neighborhood built characteristics. The outcome of interest will be objectively measured and self-reported components of health-related fitness (ie, morphological, muscular, motor, and cardiorespiratory fitness).

Methods:

We will follow the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Databases used in the search will include MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Environment Complete, and Transport Research International Documentation with no date or language restrictions. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, and assess full-text studies against the inclusion criteria. Study quality will be assessed by two independent reviewers using the critical appraisal tools from JBI. A narrative approach will be used to synthesize the study findings; if data permit, a meta-analysis will be completed.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42020179807
Risk-taking behaviors and falls in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bégin Diane , Morgan Ashley , Macedo Luciana , Richardson Julie , Wojkowski Sarah
Published: May 2021

Objective:

The objectives of this proposed scoping review are to systematically identify the risk-taking behaviors in community-dwelling older adults as well as the methods used to identify these behaviors. This review explores predisposing factors to fall-related, risk-taking behaviors in community-dwelling older adults.

Introduction:

Most falls occur as a result of complex interactions between fall risk factors. Research has identified the role of mobility and environmental factors in falls; however, little is known about the role of risk-taking behaviors on falls.

Inclusion criteria:

Studies that explore fall-related, risk-taking behaviors in community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) will be included for this review. Studies will be considered if they are conducted in a research laboratory or community-based setting. Hospital settings will be considered if the study discusses risk-taking in community-based settings.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search will be completed in Ovid AMED, Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid PsycINFO, EBSCOhost CINAHL and EBSCOhost AgeLine. Only studies published from the year 2000 onward will be considered for inclusion. Studies published in English and French will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts to identify studies for full review. The full texts will then be independently reviewed by the same reviewers to assess eligibility, with a third reviewer available to resolve disagreements. A data extraction tool will be used to extract the data from the studies that meet full eligibility criteria. Data extracted from the texts will be synthesized and reported in table format accompanied by a narrative summary that will connect the results the objective of the scoping review.

Scoping review registration:

Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/r9f7v
Evidence available to guide care during labor and birth for women and their partners who know their baby will be stillborn: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Knight Alissa , Pollock Danielle , Boyle Fran , Horey Dell , Warland Jane
Published: May 2021

Objective:

The aim of the proposed scoping review is to explore and summarize the range of available evidence for bereavement care, specifically in relation to labor and birthing experiences of a stillborn baby.

Introduction:

Clinical practice guidelines for bereavement care following pregnancy loss have been developed. However, there remains a lack of evidence to guide recommendations for providing appropriate care to parents at the time of diagnosis, and during the labor and birth of a stillborn baby.

Inclusion criteria:

The proposed review will consider studies, reports, guidelines, evidence syntheses, and other relevant literature that explore the experiences, needs, and care provided to bereaved parents during labor and birth of a stillborn baby.

Methods:

The search strategy for the proposed scoping review will aim to locate both published and unpublished documents, using a three-step search strategy. An initial search will be conducted using the databases MEDLINE and CINAHL to identify relevant articles; a second search will be conducted across all included databases, incorporating identified keywords and index terms; and finally the reference lists of included studies will be screened for additional sources. Google Scholar and Web of Science will be searched for relevant gray literature. The search will restrict documents from 2000 to present to maintain clinical relevancy. Only studies published in English will be included. Results of the search will be exported into a template, where data will be categorized using five key domains (communication, recognition of parenthood, effective support, shared decision-making, and organizational response) summarized into positive, negative, or neutral outcomes, and further refined into common issues across these domains.

Scoping review registration:

Open Science Framework “birthing in grief: a scoping review” https://osf.io/xw9md