bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern migraine treatment
Authors: Stępień Adam
Published: September 2019

Migraine is a chronic disease that periodically manifests as severe headaches accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia and sensitivity to light and sound. Prevalence of migraine among women is estimated at 17% and 9% among men. Etiology and pathogenesis remain poorly elucidated. Involvement of genetic and functional factors of the trigeminovascular system including release of numerous neuropeptides from sensory nerve endings during the event has been demonstrated. The key role in the development of migraine attack is attributed to the calcitonin gene-related peptide and serotonin. Monoclonal antibodies directed against GCRP peptide and receptor – erenumab, galacenezumab, and fremanezumab, have been implemented in the therapy of episodic as well as chronic migraine in the past year. All pivotal trials demonstrated their safety as well as high effectiveness in the reduction of the number of days affected by headaches and migraine attacks.
Surface roughness of the Ti-6Al-4V ELI
titanium alloy after the turning process
Authors: Rosik R. , Kępczak N. , Sikora M. , Witkowski B. , Wójcik R. , Midera S.
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this article is discussing the methods of determining the surface
roughness of the Ti-6Al-4V ELI titanium alloy obtained after longitudinal turning. The method
of determining the mathematical model used for determining the Rz roughness parameter
and then the results obtained were compared with values measured and calculated on the
basis of equations available in the literature.
Design/methodology/approach: The mathematical model in the form of multiple
regression function of exponential polynomial was determined using the algorithm of the
acceptance and rejection method. The data for calculations was obtained by measuring the
surface roughness after turning with different machining parameter values.
Findings: A mathematical model was elaborated in the form of a multiple regression
function, enabling calculation of the Rz parameter describing the Ti-6Al-4V ELI titanium alloy
surface roughness after longitudinal turning. The verification of the dependence obtained
confirmed its accuracy.
Research limitations/implications: Further research should encompass other values
of machining plate geometry, as well as other types of cooling and lubricating fluids and
method of applying them.
Practical implications: The mathematical model can be helpful when choosing the
conditions in which the turning process will be carried out. It also constitutes a basis for
further optimisation of that process.
Originality/value: The results of this research are a novelty on a worldwide scale. No
research of this type has been conducted with regard to analyses and optimisation of
longitudinal turning of the Ti-6Al-4V ELI titanium alloy.
Synthesis and properties of TiO2, NiO
and ZnO nanoparticles and their possible
biomedical application
Authors: Szmajnta K. , Szindler M.
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The main purpose of this publication is to bring closer method of synthesis and
examining basic properties of TiO2, ZnO and NiO nanoparticles (NPs), and investigate their
possible biomedical application.
Design/methodology/approach: Nanopowders were made with sol-gel method. Surface
morphology studies of the obtained materials were made using Zeiss's Supra 35 scanning
electron microscope and the structure using S/TEM TITAN 80-300 transmission electron
microscope. In order to confirm the chemical composition of observed nanopowders,
qualitative tests were performed by means of spectroscopy of scattered X -ray energy using
the Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). The DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) method was
used to analyse the particle size distribution using the AntonPaar Litesizer 500 nanoparticle size
analyser. Changes in particle size distribution at elevated temperatures were also observed. The
TiO2, ZnO and NiO NPs with spherical shape were successfully produced by sol-gel method.
Findings: The diameter of the as prepared nanoparticles does not exceed 25 nm which
is confirmed by the TEM analysis. The highest proportion among the agglomerates of
the nanoparticles has been shown to show those with a diameter of 80 to 125 nm. The
qualitative analysis of EDS confirmed the chemical composition of the material.
Practical implications: Nanoparticles (NPs) has been receiving an incrementally
increasing interest within biomedical fields researchers. Nanoparticles properties (physical,
chemical, mechanical, optical, electrical, magnetic, etc.) are different from the properties of
their counterparts with a larger particle size.
Originality/value: The nanoparticles were prepared using sol-gel method which allows the
particle size to be controlled in a simple way.
Cost analysis of treating pain patients on the example of the
Clinical accident ward Of university Clinical Centre in Gdańsk
Authors: Pogorzelczyk Katarzyna , Synoweć Joanna , Basiński Andrzej , Ślęzak Daniel , Robakowska Marlena , Żuratyński Przemysław , Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska Wioletta
Published: September 2019

The cost analysis of pain treatment is not a topic often taken up by the health economists community.
The subjective dimension and pain assessment by the patient is one of the main determinants of the lack of
interest in this topic. Work carried out on this topic currently includes analysis accompanying the process of pharmacotherapy treatment, care provided by medical personnel as well as costs resulting from administrative
services. The aim of the work is to present the cost analysis of care for a „pain” patient and to indicate the most
optimal financial package of these activities. The study was performed on the basis of financial data of the
Clinical Emergency Department of the University Clinical Center in Gdańsk for the last year. We analyzed the
cases of patients complaining of pain who received pharmacotherapy. Results The total cost for 2017 amounted
to 1.128.668 PLN. The largest amount of money was allocated to the group of patients qualified to the group R:
„Symptoms, disease features and abnormal results of clinical trials not classified elsewhere” – 327.313.72 PLN.
The symptom of pain is one of the most frequently indicated symptoms among patients who receive medical help
at the Clinical Emergency Department of the University Clinical Center in Gdańsk, which should be associated with
a greater degree of involvement in analgesic therapy in patients who require it.
Flunarizine as prophylaxis for episodic migraine: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Stubberud Anker , Flaaen Nikolai Melseth , McCrory Douglas C. , Pedersen Sindre Andre , Linde Mattias
Published: September 2019

Based on few clinical trials, flunarizine is considered a first-line prophylactic treatment for migraine in several guidelines. In this meta-analysis, we examined the pooled evidence for its effectiveness, tolerability, and safety. Prospective randomized controlled trials of flunarizine as a prophylaxis against migraine were identified from a systematic literature search, and risk of bias was assessed for all included studies. Reduction in mean attack frequency was estimated by calculating the mean difference (MD), and a series of secondary outcomes –including adverse events (AEs) – were also analyzed. The database search yielded 879 unique records. Twentyfive studies were included in data synthesis. We scored 31/175 risk of bias items as “high”, with attrition as the most frequent bias. A pooled analysis estimated that flunarizine reduces the headache frequency by 0.4 attacks per 4 weeks compared with placebo (5 trials, 249 participants: MD 20.44; 95% confidence interval 20.61 to 2 0.26). Analysis also revealed that the effectiveness of flunarizine prophylaxis is comparable with that of propranolol (7 trials, 1151 participants, MD 20.08; 95% confidence interval 20.34 to 0.18). Flunarizine also seems to be effective in children. The most frequent AEs were sedation and weight increase. Meta-analyses were robust and homogenous, although several of the included trials potentially suffered from high risk of bias. Unfortunately, reporting of AEs was inconsistent and limited. In conclusion, pooled analysis of data from partially outdated trials shows that 10- mg flunarizine per day is effective and well tolerated in treating episodic migraine – supporting current guideline recommendations.
The association between early postoperative healing and the 12-month clinical and radiographic outcomes of guided tissue regeneration in aggressive periodontitis patients
Authors: Górski Bartłomiej , Kaczyński Tomasz , Górska Renata
Published: September 2019

This study evaluates the influence of early healing on clinical and radiological outcomes of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedures of vertical intrabony defects in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) in a 12-month follow-up. The influence of patient-related, site-specific and technical aspects on optimal early wound healing was also assessed.
This analysis included 25 patients with 61 intrabony defects. All sites were treated according to guidelines of minimally invasive surgical technique with the use of bone grafts and collagen membranes. Early post-operative healing was evaluated using the Early Wound-Healing Index (EHI). Changes in clinical and radiological parameters were assessed 12 months postoperatively.
After 2 weeks, primary healing (EHI ≤3) was observed in 44 sites (72.13%) and secondary healing was present in 17 sites (22.87%) (EHI = 4). The presence of thin gingival phenotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of secondary healing (OR = 0.203; p = 0.014). At 12 months, GTR resulted in a significant clinical attachment level gain, as well as probing pocket depth reduction and radiographic defect depth reduction. Primary or secondary healing did not affect these outcomes.
Thick gingival biotype might be a prerequisite for optimal early wound healing. However, the type of early healing seems not to affect the long-term outcomes after regenerative treatment in aggressive periodontitis patients.
Environmental Philosophy in African Traditions of Thought
Authors: Kelbessa Workineh ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: September 2019

Besides normative areas, African environmental philosophy should pay attention to the epistemological and metaphysical dimensions of the worldviews of the African people in order to understand the environmental attitudes and values in African traditions of thought. Unlike mainstream Western ethics, African environmental philosophy has renounced anthropomorphism, anthropocentrism, and ethnocentrism and recognizes the interconnectedness of human beings with the natural environment and its component parts. In African worldviews, the physical and the metaphysical, the sacred and the secular, the natural and the supernatural are interrelated. Human beings are part of the natural environment. African philosophers should continue to explore the potential for a strong African environmental philosophy in African traditions of thought that can contribute to the solution of current environmental crises.
Paradigm Shifts of the African Worldview
Authors: Ahove Michael Adetunji ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: September 2019

Africa is the most vulnerable region of the world due to anthropogenic climate change challenges on account of dependence on nature for the sustenance of agriculture as her main source of income, high level of poverty, and low level of literacy. Climate change adaptation involves strategies of adjusting to the negative effects of climate change, while climate change mitigation involves techniques that help to reduce production of greenhouse gases through burning fossil fuels. The African worldview from the frontier of Nigerian epistemological and ontological perspectives as it finds expression in climate change adaptation and mitigation is built on the foundations of its relationship with nature, traditional religion and belief systems, agricultural practices, and some other day-to-day practices. Worldview analysis of the contemporary Nigerian has been conducted and classified into Original African, Westernized African, and Little Here-and-There African, a paradigm existing in Nigerians irrespective of level of Western education. What will be the fate of the younger Nigerian climate scientist in a globalized and technologically competitive world? This question gives rise to further discussion on the principles and application of the theory of Culturo-Techno-Contextual Approach as postulated by Peter A. Okebukola and applied to creating an environment for meaningful learning on climate change adaptation and mitigation for the future generations of Nigerians.
A Radical Reinterpretation of Quinean Naturalism and Its View of Consciousness
Authors: Boongaling Pamela Ann J.
Published: September 2019

McGinn maintains that Quinean naturalism cannot provide a viable position in the debate on the existence of consciousness and the external world for it does not have a place for phenomenal experience in its naturalized epistemology. In effect, it cannot or will refuse to address any version of a sceptic’s argument regarding the lack of sufficient grounds to prove the existence of consciousness and the external world. I argue otherwise by pointing out that Quinean naturalism must provide an account of phenomenal experience to ensure the consistency of its epistemic and ontic assumptions with its naturalistic worldview. In the process, I demonstrate that Quinean naturalism allows us to infer that the best explanation for the existence of both consciousness and the external world can be derived from how the roles of subjectivity and objectivity in our creation and assessment of our conceptual schemes are primarily derived from our phenomenal experience of the external world.
Quality and Equitable Access: Insights from Indonesia
Authors: Brewis Elisa
Published: September 2019

Sustainable Development Goal 4 calls for equal access to quality higher education. How this can be achieved in practice remains a major policy question. This article presents the case of accountability reform in Indonesia, offering insights as to how the twin policy objectives of teaching quality and equitable access can be addressed. Evidently, accountability mechanisms have empowered the state to regulate both teaching quality and equitable access. The key is holding both state and private institutions to account to maximize system-wide impact.
Post-18 Education and Funding in England
Authors: Callender Claire
Published: September 2019

In May 2019, the government-commissioned report on Post-18 Education and Funding in England was published. Here we outline the report’s main recommendations for both higher and further education funding, which seek to tackle the disparity between the 50 percent of young people who participate in higher education and the other 50 percent who do not.
Full Issue
Authors: Altbach Philip G.
Published: September 2019

No abstract
Is Creative Commons a Panacea for Managing Digital Humanities Intellectual Property Rights?
Authors: Ding Yi
Published: September 2019

Digital humanities is an academic field applying computational methods to explore topics and questions in the humanities field. Digital humanities projects, as a result, consist of a variety of creative works different from those in traditional humanities disciplines. Born to provide free, simple ways to grant permissions to creative works, Creative Commons (CC) licenses have become top options for many digital humanities scholars to handle intellectual property rights in the US. However, there are limitations of using CC licenses that are sometimes unknown by scholars and academic librarians. By analyzing case studies and influential lawsuits about intellectual property rights in the digital age, this article advocates for a critical perspective of copyright education and provides academic librarians with specific recommendations about advising digital humanities scholars to use CC licenses with four limitations in mind: 1) the pitfall of a free license; 2) the risk of irrevocability; 3) the ambiguity of NonCommercial and NonDerivative licenses; 4) the dilemma of ShareAlike and the open movement.
Creating and Deploying USB Port Covers at Hudson County Community College
Authors: Sanchez Lotta , DeLooper John P
Published: September 2019

In 2016, Hudson County (NJ) Community College (HCCC) deployed several wireless keyboards and mice with its iMac computers. Shortly after deployment, library staff found that each device’s required USB receiver (a.k.a. dongle) would disappear frequently. As a result, HCCC library staff developed and deployed 3D printed port covers to enclose these dongles. This, for a time, proved very successful in preventing the issue. This article will discuss the development of these port covers, their deployment, and what worked and did not work about the project.
On Educating Patrons On Privacy And Maximizing Library Resources
Authors: Lamanna Thomas
Published: September 2019

Libraries are one of our most valuable institutions. They cater to people of all demographics and provide services to patrons they wouldn’t be able to get anywhere else. The list of services libraries provide is extensive and comprehensive, although unfortunately, there are significant gaps in what our services can offer, particularly those regarding technology advancement and patron privacy. Though library classes on educating patrons’ privacy protection are a valiant effort,  we can do so much more and lead the way, maybe not for the privacy industry but for our communities and patrons. Creating a strong foundational knowledge will help patrons leverage these new skills in their day to day lives as well as help them educate their families about common privacy issues. In this column, we’ll explore some of the ways libraries can utilize their current resources as well as provide ideas on how we can maximize their effectiveness and roll new technologies into their operations.
STUDY OF FACILITY MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION IN SPAIN
Authors: RAMON CENTELLES MARTA , FORCADA MATHEU NURIA
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT:
The Facility Management (FM) is a management discipline that has involved a change of philosophy in companies since its inception in the 80s.
The objective of the study is to analyze the implementation of FM in Spain and compare the results with those obtained in previous studies.
Results revealed that 87% of the top 500 Spanish companies have a specific FM department which is mostly integrated into the structure of the company and its main objectives are cost reduction and quality assurance. The changes due to the introduction of a new philosophy and the need to collect data are the main problems that these departments must face. Almost 50% of companies have an annual savings of between 10 and 19% thanks to FM and the 21% even higher.
Although companies have been integrating different processes and areas within the FM and implementing systems such as Computer-Aided Facility Management (CAFM) to integrate these processes, maintenance is still the most relevant area within the FM.
The implementation of CAFM systems within large companies in Spain is high (86%) and has increased considerably in recent years. The processes that these systems mainly cover are maintenance, cleaning and energy management.
In conclusion, the implementation of FM in large Spanish companies is increasing considerably.

Key Words: Facility Management, Added Value, Outsourcing, Spain.
HOW TO PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS THROUGH CROWDFUNDING? THE CASE OF CITIZENERGY PROJECT
Authors: DURAN SANTOMIL PABLO , RODEIRO PAZOS DAVID , FERNANDEZ LOPEZ SARA
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Environmental and sustainable projects face difficulties to attract capital and, recently, entrepreneurs have started to get funds directly from the “crowd”, instead or/in addition of traditional investors. The objective of this article is to explore the characteristics of the business models (BMs) used to fund renewable energy sources (RES) projects through a specialized crowdfunding platform. First, we propose a classification which standardizes different BMs for RES projects making them understandable and applicable tools for investing (investor side) and funding (entrepreneur side). Second, using as a case study the platform Citizenergy co-funded by the Intelligent Energy Europe Programme of the European Union, we applied previous classification finding that the loans are the most widely used BM in terms of number of projects financed and total investment target. In addition, we find that the election of crowdfunding BM is related to the host, rather than to RES projects peculiarities.

Keywords: Crowdfunding; RES projects; green financing; business models; loans; environmental entrepreneurship.
Jamais sans ma tribu ! Modulations de la relation de service en marketing tribal
Authors: Cova Bernard
Published: September 2019

Cet article s’interroge sur ce qu’il advient de la relation de service lorsqu’une nouvelle catégorie de consommateurs, animée par des motivations fonctionnelles, rejoint une communauté de clients et d’employés qui partagent le même ethos tribal. Plus précisément, l’étude du cas de l’Assurance Mutuelle des Motards relate les difficultés rencontrées par le personnel dans ses interactions avec les consommateurs qui n’adhérent pas aux valeurs de la tribu. Les résultats de la recherche laissent ainsi apparaître que le personnel développe des compétences propres à l’interaction avec la tribu qui sont difficilement valorisables dans d’autres types d’interactions. Ceci conduit les employés à favoriser les relations avec les consommateurs membres de la tribu et à mettre à distance les autres consommateurs.
Prix libre et consommation socialement responsable : application du modèle « Fixez votre propre prix » à une ressourcerie
Authors: Lacour Jean-Pierre , Lacour Hugo
Published: September 2019

Cette recherche porte sur la mise en place d’un système de prix libre du type « Fixez votre propre prix » dans une ressourcerie associative qui vend des matériaux et de l’outillage (matériauthèque). Le principe est le suivant : l’acheteur décide du prix à payer en respectant un prix seuil dont il n’a pas connaissance. Ce système de prix correspond à la volonté de la ressourcerie de permettre au plus grand nombre d’accéder à son offre, chacun payant en fonction de ses moyens. Cette étude vise à évaluer la capacité des acheteurs à fixer un prix qui respecte les valeurs de la consommation socialement responsable (CSR). Nos résultats montrent qu’en moyenne les acheteurs de la ressourcerie respectent les prix seuil et les prix indicatifs. Cependant le contexte de CSR ne les pousse pas à proposer un prix correspondant à une proportion plus forte de leur prix de référence. Ils ont aussi tendance à proposer des prix plus bas pour les produits de forte valeur que pour les produits de faible valeur..
A Star-Cross’d Nation
Authors: Schwarz Bill
Published: September 2019

I reflect on the place of If Beale Street Could Talk in the
corpus of Baldwin’s writings, and its relationship to Barry
Jenkins’s movie released at the beginning of 2019. I consider also what
the arrival of the movie can tell us about how Baldwin is located in
contemporary collective memories.
What “No Chart Can Tell Us”
Authors: Clark Prentiss
Published: September 2019

This essay reads James Baldwin in conversation with two unexpected interlocutors
from the American nineteenth and twentieth centuries: Ralph Waldo Emerson and W.
E. B. Du Bois. What draws these historically distant and intellectually
different thinkers together, their differences making their convergences all the
more resonant and provocative, is a shared mode of attention they bring to the
social crises of their eras. It is a mode of attention foregrounding how the
often unobserved particulars and emotional registers of human life vitally shape
civic existence; more specifically, a mode of attention provoking us to see how
“a larger, juster, and fuller future,” in Du Bois’s words,
is a matter of the ordinary intimacies and estrangements in which we exist,
human connections in all their expressions and suppressions. Emerson names them
“facts [. . .] harder to read.” They are “the
finer manifestations,” in Du Bois’s terms, “of social life,
which history can but mention and which statistics can not count”;
“All these things,” Baldwin says, “[. . .]
which no chart can tell us.” In effect, from the 1830s to the 1980s these
thinkers bear witness to what politics, legislation, and even all our knowledges
can address only partially, and to the potentially transformative compensations
we might realize in the way we conduct our daily lives. The immediate relevance
and urgency this essay finds in their work exists not in proposed political
actions, programs for reform, or systematic theories of social justice but in
the way their words revitalize the ethical question “How shall I
live?” Accumulative and suggestive rather than systematically comparative
or polemical, this essay attempts to engage with Emerson, Du Bois, and Baldwin
intimately, to proceed in the spirit of their commitment to questioning received
disciplines, languages, and ways of inhabiting the world.
Looking inside an injection system
Authors: Howard Sophie A , Filloux Alain
Published: September 2019

The proteins injected by bacteria into eukaryotic organisms can lead to fates as diverse as death and metamorphosis
Undesirable immigrants: hobbyist vivaria as a potential source of alien invertebrate species
Authors: Jaskuła Radomir , Sulikowska-Drozd Anna , Jabłońska Aleksandra , Banaś Krzysztof , Rewicz Tomasz
Published: September 2019

Background

Small size and large diversity of adaptations make invertebrates a group of animals which can be easily transported by different human activities. Many species can travel as “hitchhikers” with plant material (both on plant surfaces and in the soil), including plants used for decoration in vivaria. Vivaria are often tropical in nature environments, with high temperatures and humidity, suitable for invertebrates from tropical regions. Although many of such invertebrates cannot survive in temperate regions where harsh weather conditions are present, it is also known that some can successfully acclimatise. As a result, their negative impact on local flora and fauna cannot be excluded.

Material and methods

Terrestrial invertebrates were collected in several cities of Poland from tropical vivaria where poison dart frogs (Dendrobatidae) and/or orchids (Orchidaceae) were kept by hobbyists. Collecting of the material was preceded by a simple questionnaire placed on the biggest Polish forum devoted to poison dart frogs. Moreover, we contacted some Polish wholesalers offering tropical invertebrates (Isopoda and Collembola), used as the food source for frogs, hoping to receive information about locations where those invertebrates were delivered, over the period of one year. We obtained mtDNA barcodes using the COI marker (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) for seven potential morphospecies.

Results

In total, 12 taxa classified as Turbellaria, Annelida, Gastropoda, Isopoda, Diplopoda, Chilopoda and Collembola were collected and preserved in pure ethanol. We collected material and/or information from 65 locations, including 56 cities to which exotic isopods and springtails were sold by wholesalers over the period of nine months (average number per month = 18 cities). We obtained 18 COI sequences which were assigned to seven BINs and thus confirmed identification of seven species. The results indicate that the number of species transported with exotic plants is not small and can be observed regularly. Species noted as “hitchhikers” on plant structures and/or as inhabitants of soil in plant pots, originally came from South and Central America, Africa, Asia and possibly from North America or Southern Europe. Three taxa were noted for the first time from Poland, includingRhynchodemus sylvaticus(Rhynchodemidae),Trichorhinasp.1 (Platharthridae), andGuppya gundlachi(Euconulidae).

Discussion

The presented study clearly shows that an exotic hobby such as keeping tropical poison dart frogs and/or orchids may promote fast and uncontrolled dispersion of a high number of invertebrates classified in different taxonomical groups. Plant material (green elements of plants and the soil in which they are planted) used in vivaria can be an important source of such animals.
Ecological networks reveal contrasting patterns of bacterial and fungal communities in glacier-fed streams in Central Asia
Authors: Ren Ze , Gao Hongkai
Published: September 2019

Bacterial and fungal communities in biofilms are important components in driving biogeochemical processes in stream ecosystems. Previous studies have well documented the patterns of bacterial alpha diversity in stream biofilms in glacier-fed streams, where, however, beta diversity of the microbial communities has received much less attention especially considering both bacterial and fungal communities. A focus on beta diversity can provide insights into the mechanisms driving community changes associated to large environmental fluctuations and disturbances, such as in glacier-fed streams. Moreover, modularity of co-occurrence networks can reveal more ecological and evolutionary properties of microbial communities beyond taxonomic groups. Here, integrating beta diversity and co-occurrence approach, we explored the network topology and modularity of the bacterial and fungal communities with consideration of environmental variation in glacier-fed streams in Central Asia. Combining results from hydrological modeling and normalized difference of vegetation index, this study highlighted that hydrological variables and vegetation status are major variables determining the environmental heterogeneity of glacier-fed streams. Bacterial communities formed a more complex and connected network, while the fungal communities formed a more clustered network. Moreover, the strong interrelations among the taxonomic dissimilarities of bacterial community (BC) and modules suggest they had common processes in driving diversity and taxonomic compositions across the heterogeneous environment. In contrast, fungal community (FC) and modules generally showed distinct driving processes to each other. Moreover, bacterial and fungal communities also had different driving processes. Furthermore, the variation of BC and modules were strongly correlated with hydrological properties and vegetation status but not with nutrients, while FC and modules (except one module) were not associated with environmental variation. Our results suggest that bacterial and fungal communities had distinct mechanisms in structuring microbial networks, and environmental variation had strong influences on bacterial communities but not on fungal communities. The fungal communities have unique assembly mechanisms and physiological properties which might lead to their insensitive responses to environmental variations compared to bacterial communities. Overall, beyond alpha diversity in previous studies, these results add our knowledge that bacterial and fungal communities have contrasting assembly mechanisms and respond differently to environmental variation in glacier-fed streams.
Genetic Divergence and Heritability Study of Some NERICA Mutant Lines and Their Parents Using Microsatellites Marker and Morphological Traits in Rice
Authors: Islam Md. Ashraful , Anik Touhidur Rahman , Dey Saikat Chandra , Islam Mirza Mofazzal
Published: September 2019

New Rice of Africa (NERICA) is drought tolerant and early maturing inter specific rice variety which was introduced in Bangladesh from Uganda in 2009. But the field record of NERICA was not very promising. In order to develop NERICA varieties suitable for agro-climatic conditions of Bangladesh different variations in yield contributing characters are required.In the experiment, physical mutagen treated (250, 300 and 350 Gy Gamma-rays) 18 NERICA mutant lines were selected from M4 to M5 generations along with 3 parents (NERICA-1, NERICA-4, NERICA-10) for morphological and molecular evaluation in orderto identify desired mutant linesusing 12 yield attributing characters and 3 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We also estimated heritability, genetic advance and correlation among the studied morphological traits to identify besttraits based on which further selection could be made. Pearson’s correlation co-efficient of 12 morphological traits indicated that yield per plant had significant positive correlation with the number of tiller, number of effective tiller, panicle length, number of filled grainsper panicle and 1000 grain weight but negative correlation with Plant height and days to maturity. Broad sense heritability ( ) ranged from 71% to 99% while genetic advances in percent mean (GA%) varied from 10% to 60%. Yield per plant, unfilled grains per panicle, number of total tiller, number of effective tiller showed high heritability along with genetic advance as percent of the mean (GA%) value. A total of 24 alleles were detected by 3 SSR markers. The mean gene diversity and Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values was 0.821 and 0.797, respectively.  Dendrogram constructed based on SSR markers clustered the genotypes into six distinct clusters. Combining molecular and morphological evaluation data eight mutant lines, N10/300/P-2-3-5, N10/300/P-2-3-5, N10/300/P-2-3-5-2, N1/300/P-2-3-5, N1/300/P-2-3-5, N1/250/P-7-6-4-1, N10/300/P-2(1)-4-1 and N1/250/P-7-3-7-1were selected as desired mutant lines having good yield attributing characters and could be recommended for further evaluation in rice breeding program.
Trade Openness and Economic Growth of Tanzania
Authors: Yusuf Salama , Omar Moza R.
Published: September 2019

Trade openness is very crucial in the achievement of any rapid economic take off for any country. Realizing that in 1996, Tanzania government initiated economic recovery program to address the economic problem. One among them was Trade liberalization implementation. This paper examines the impact of trade openness on economic growth in Tanzania for the period 1981 to 2017.  The study utilized co-integration and Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM) Approach to test the relationship between trade openness and economic growth and granger causality test to examine the causal relationship between variable. The unit root tests showed that all variables were integrated after taking first difference, the Johansen co-integration result showed that the variables were co-integrated. The VECM estimate showed that there is positive long run relationship between trade openness and economic growth in Tanzania over the study period, this positive result of trade openness is possibly attributable to the fact that Tanzania unlocked its borders to international trades. In addition, granger causality test revealed that, there is no causal relationship between Trade openness and economic growth in Tanzania. Based on these findings, this study recommended that Government should encourage the production of domestic products for export purpose by developing more domestic industries and attracts more investors in the economy which will lead to increase the per capita income as well as foreign earnings that will promote economic growth of Tanzania.
Water Use Efficiency of Maize Genotypes of Different Maturity Groups at Seedling and Grain-filling Growth Stages in a Rainforest Location
Authors: Bankole O. O. , Oluwaranti A. , Awosanmi F. E.
Published: September 2019

Aims: The objectives of this study were to evaluate maize genotypes of different maturity groups for seedling and grain filling water use efficiency and determine relationship that exist between the water use efficiency traits and yield of different maize maturity groups.

Study Design:  Sixteen maize genotypes were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design in three replicates for emergence, vegetative, water use efficiency traits at the seedling and grain-filling growth stages and yield.

Place and Duration of Study: The sixteen maize genotypes of different maturity groups were evaluated during the early and late cropping seasons of 2016 at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Methodology: Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis among water use efficiency traits and yield for each of the maturity groups.

Results: There was no significant difference among the genotypes within each maturity groups for water use efficiency at seedling and grain filling growth stages.

The late maturity group of maize used more water at the seedling growth stage than the other maturity groups in the early season of this study while in the late season, the early and extra-early maturity groups used more water than the other maturity groups. Increase in emergence percentage, reduction in speed of germination, and minimal days to complete germination increased water use efficiency at the seedling stage only during the early cropping season.

Efficiency of water usage at the seedling growth stage was more among the late and intermediate maturing groups than the extra-early and early maturing groups in the early season while in the late season, the extra-early and early maturing groups used water more efficiently than the late and Intermediate maturing groups

Conclusion: Maturity group played a significant role in the expression and manifestation of water use efficiency traits under different environmental conditions.
Morpho-physiological and Yield Responses of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Genotypes to Frequency of Irrigation under Greenhouse Condition
Authors: Roro Amsalu Gobena , Tesfaye Mihret
Published: September 2019

Introduction: The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.), is one of the root and tuber crops grown from low land to high land region of Ethiopia. However, its productivity depends on adaptability and tolerance to different environmental stresses and the capacity of the crop to enhance water use efficiency under moisture stress conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate impact of irrigation interval on morpho-physiological characteristics of sweet potato varieties.

Methodology: The trial was a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement in CRD design consisting: three irrigation intervals (daily-control), four days and seven days interval) combined with two sweet potato genotypes (Hawassa-83 and Kulfo) with three replications.

Results: The morpho-physiological indicators, morphological traits, water use efficiency (WUE), Relative leaf water content (RLWC), leaf gas exchange, stomata density, and tuber yield were evaluated. The result indicated that morphological traits were significantly (P≤0.05) responded to genotype and irrigation frequencies. As compared to daily irrigation, an extended watering interval to seven days irrigation interval significantly reduced leaf number, vine length, branch number and internode length by 55.42, 19.83 cm, 2.17 and 0.35 cm, respectively. Stomata density was strongly responded to genotypes than effect of irrigation frequency. Genotype Hawassa-83 had approximately 2.0 more stomata per mm2 than genotype Kulfo regardless to irrigation frequency. The interaction effect between genotype and irrigation frequency revealed significant influence on photosynthesis and transpiration rate. The rate of assimilate accumulation was significantly reduced (by 9.97
Usage and Characterization of Plant Species in the Composition of Urban Hedgerowsin Brazil
Authors: Celestino Paullyne Charllotte Gonçalves , Chaves Lúcia de Fatima de Carvalho , Galdino André Luiz Alves de Lima , Souza Jéssica de Oliveira , Santos Uaine Maria Félix Dos , Júnior Djailson Silva da Costa , Lima Luciana Cassimiro Bezerra De , Almeida Anália Carmem Silva De , Lima Carlos Roberto De
Published: September 2019

The aim of the study was to conduct a qualitative and quantitative survey of hedgerows in a study area in the Imbiribeira neighborhood, Recife-PE, Brazil. After the delimitation of the study area, the number of properties with hedgerows was registered. The application of the questionnaire was directed to people residing, working or owning real estate that contained hedgerows with the following functions: embellishment, privacy, delimitation and coating. The number of blocks sampled, blocks with hedgerows, sampled hedgerows, hedgerows by block, properties with hedgerows, hedgerows by property and private companies and residences with hedgerows were noted. The interviewee was questioned about reasons for implantation and difficulties faced, presence of animals, reasons of plant selection, composition of plant species and phytosanitary conditions. In the study area 30 blocks were sampled, the presence of hedgerows was observed in 18 of them. Of these 18 blocks 73 hedgerows were surveyed, with an average of 2.43 hedgerows per block. The presence of hedgerows in 27 properties was verified. Landscape beautification is one of the main reasons for implantation and maintenance of the hedgerows. Of those interviewed, 30.77% stated that the work required for implantation and maintenance was a negative aspect of planting hedgerows. The presence of arthropods was verified in all studied hedgerows. General aesthetics was the reason most interviewees chose their particular plant species. Seventeen plant species and 11 families were observed. The species Ixora coccinea L. var. compacta Hort. was the most commonly found species. Hedgerows for the purpose of embellishment represent 83.56% of the hedges found. The phytosanitary status and the presence of flaws in the hedgerows in the study area presented a certain relation. Although hedgerows are widely used in urban and rural areas, studies on their composition, structure, ecological importance and relevance to biodiversity conservation are scarce.
Educação e trabalho em tempos de precarização
Authors: Silva Wagner Pires da , Maciel Paulo Henrique Freitas , Souza Ana Carmita Bezerra de
Published: September 2019

A educação é indissociável do trabalho. A relação estreita com o trabalho faz com que a educação se transforme de acordo com as transformações das relações de trabalho. Dessa forma, no sistema capitalista, a educação tem assumido uma forma cada vez menos relacionada ao desenvolvimento das potencialidades e capacidades do trabalhador e voltada ao desenvolvimento de habilidades instrumentais específicas. A pesquisa a seguir procura situar essa relação entre educação e o trabalho nos diferentes modos de produção, detendo-se a configuração que o modelo assume atualmente, apresentando a necessidade de superação do mesmo para que a educação possa cumprir seu papel, negando as determinações do capital sobre a mesma.
A modernidade capitalista e o papel da educação
Authors: Polido Aline Maestre , Francioli Fátima Aparecida De Souza
Published: September 2019

Este artigo se constituiu a partir de estudos bibliográficos com o objetivo de elucidar como se estrutura a sociedade capitalista numa perspectiva materialista histórica, buscando esclarecer a transformação da atividade vital do homem, o trabalho, em uma atividade alienada e alienante, caracterizada pela perca de sentido do trabalho que deveria proporcionar a auto realização humano genérica. Diante dessa problemática procuramos apontar o importante papel da educação como ferramenta que pode auxiliar na superação do processo da alienação diante da modernidade capitalista.
O capital contra a educação da classe trabalhadora
Authors: Acosta Luis Eduardo
Published: September 2019

Acirram-se os ataques à educação pública e a campanha da iniciativa privada pelo desvio dos recursos públicos para este setor. Germinal toma então o tema do capital contra a educação da classe trabalhadora, entregando-o nesta entrevista, a Luis Eduardo Acosta, professor associado da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, ex-diretor do ANDES-SN. Com roteiro elaborado por Maria de Fátima Rodrigues Pereira, Elza Peixoto e Gilcilene Barão, temos um interessante balanço da conjuntura mundial que auxilia no entendimento do movimento na conjuntura brasileira nos últimos anos.
Robert Boyle: a Jungian perspective
Authors: CLAY JOHN
Published: July 2002

Privilege brings obligations – noblesse oblige. Boyle came from a deeply privileged
background. If we are to locate him through twentieth-century eyes in order to rediscover
his psychic space, then this background needs to be borne in mind. It was a constant
shaping force for him. Twentieth-century eyes mean a new perspective. As Eliot wrote of
Pascal, Boyle's contemporary, ‘every generation sees preceding ones differently. Pascal is
one of those writers who will be, and who must be, studied afresh by men in every
generation. It is not he who changes, but we who change. It is not our knowledge of
him that increases, but our world that alters and our attitudes towards it’ – and so it
is with Boyle.

Boyle's childhood was beset by tragedy. From a psychological point of view, there can
be fewer worse tragedies than the premature loss of a mother. His mother died of
consumption when he was three. She was forty-two and he was her fourteenth and
penultimate child. It seems clear that this early loss haunted him for the rest of his life, its
unconscious effect always there. At some level he may have felt partly responsible for her
death – that his birth had helped to wear her out, to finish her off, to consume her. It would
seem that he missed out on mourning in the conventional sense, or rather in the sense that
Freud emphasized as being all-important in his paper ‘Mourning and Melancholia’. Boyle
did use, in his autobiographical writing as ‘Philaretus’, the word ‘disaster’ to describe
this early tragedy, and it is a powerful enough word in the context. But what happened
to his grief ? Was it worked through? Was it lived with? Or was it just sublimated into his
work, his wide range of preoccupations? Was it something that remained as a constant,
underlying refrain in his life, that he needed to defend himself against?
EMPLOYERS’ LIABILITY—ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES—REDUCTION TO REFLECT FAULT OF OTHER PARTIES
Authors: Hedley Steve
Published: July 2002

THE claimant was employed for 39 years as a marine fitter, working for various employers. For 24 of those years he was exposed to asbestos, and eventually he developed asbestosis, presumably as a result of that exposure. He sued the defendants, one of the firms that had employed him; about 12 years of his exposure, half the total, were suffered through the defendants’ negligence and breach of statutory duty. General damages were assessed at £32,000. The issue was whether or to what extent those damages should be reduced, to reflect the fact that other firms (now either insolvent or untraceable) shared the responsibility for the claimant’s exposure to risk.
Interpreting contracts—the price of perspective
Authors: Clarke Malcolm
Published: July 2002

WHEN a court seeks the meaning of a written contract, it meets a barrier on the outskirts of the document, a barrier imposed by the parol evidence rule. Traditionally, if a court wants to go beyond the barrier for a wider perspective of what the document might mean, it requires a permit on one or more of three grounds. The first is “technicality”: that, although the words appear clear, they have a technical meaning that is not apparent without seeking extrinsic evidence. The second is “ambiguity”: that the words are not clear and the ambiguity must be resolved from a wider perspective. The third is “absurdity”: that a literal reading is not just unreasonable but unworkable or absurd and that that reading must be avoided by taking once again a wider perspective. The perspective is one which takes in the purpose and background (also called the matrix) of the document.
A merry-go-round for the millennium
Authors: Tee Louise
Published: July 2002

IT is good to enter the new millennium knowing that some things never change: despite the reforming zeal of our enthusiastic legislators, property law continues to provide scope for profitable litigation. Indeed, a cynic, remembering the mythical hydra, might think that for every legislative clarification, at least two new problems emerge—but in keeping with a seasonal spirit of optimism, this note will not labour the additional difficulties created by the relevant statutory reform.