bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KETIDAKADILAN GENDER TERHADAP PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL PADUSI KARYA KA’BATI
Authors: Nasri Daratullaila
Published: September 2017

This thesis is a feminism criticism to a literature created by women. Related to the feminism criticism, the thesis is in the purpose to discover any kind of gender injustices to women in literatures. The injustices happened to women and written by women in Padusi novel are obviously different from literatures written by men. In order to discover the injustices, descriptive analysis method was used for this thesis. The injustices discovered in Padusi novel are: women subordination, negative stereotype to women, and the burden of double job. Gender injustice caused by patriarchy system in society. This patriarchy system is not only being applied by men only, but also by women. Matrilineal system cannot prevent the injustice. If literature (novel) is considered as a reflection of society, then Padusi novel which taking Minangkabau custom as its background that profess matrilineal system has reflected it. Abstrak Tulisan ini merupakan kritik sastra fiminis terhadap karya sastra yang diciptakan oleh perempuan. Berkaitan dengan kritik sastra feminis tersebut, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan bentuk-bentuk ketidakadilan gender yang dialami oleh perempuan dalam karya sastra. Ketidakadilan gender yang dialami perempuan dan ditulis oleh perempuan dalam novel Padusi tersebut tentu berbeda dengan karya sastra yang diciptakan laki-laki. Untuk mengungkapkan ketidakadilan gender, tulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Ketidakadilan gender dalam novel Padusi tersebut ditemukan dalam bentuk subordinasi perempuan, stereotipe negatif terhadap perempuan, dan beban kerja ganda. Ketidakadilan gender tersebut disebabkan budaya patriarki yang sudah melekat dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Budaya patriarki tidak saja diperankan kaum laki-laki, tetapi juga dimainkan oleh perempuan. Sistem kekerabatan matrilineal tidak menjamin tidak terjadinya ketidakadilan gender. Jika karya sastra (novel) dianggap sebagai cermin masyarakat, novel Padusi berlatarkan kebudayaan Minangkabau —menganut sistem kekerabatan matrilineal—telah merefleksikan hal tersebut.
Optimização Energética em Novos Ascensores
Authors: Ferreira José Jacinto , Franco Miguel Leichsenring
Published: September 2017

De acordo com um estudo da S.A.F.E – “Agência Suíça para a Utilização Eficiente da Energia”, realizado em 2005, os ascensores podem representar uma parte significativa do consumo de energia num edifício (o consumo energético de um ascensor poder representar em média 5% do consumo total de energia de um edifício de escritórios). Na Suíça estima‐se que o somatório do consumo de energia dos cerca de 150.000 ascensores instalados represente cerca de 0,5% do total de 280 GWh de consumo energético do país.
Técnicas de Manutenção em Linhas de Transmissão de Energia
Authors: Francisco Arlindo , Sousa Hugo Miguel , Nogueira Teresa Alexandra  F. M. Pinto
Published: September 2017

A manutenção das linhas de transporte e distribuição de energia eléctrica é um serviço fundamental prestado pelas empresas de transporte e distribuição. A aplicação de técnicas eficientes na actividade de manutenção das linhas, define a qualidade de serviço prestado pelas empresas. Indicadores como o tempo e número de intervenções para restabelecer as condições normais de funcionamento, são reveladores da qualidade de serviço prestado por essas empresas que, no caso de incumprimento das regras estabelecidas no Regulamento da Qualidade de Serviço, podem implicar em elevados prejuízos. A disponibilidade de informação apropriada ao pessoal técnico torna‐se essencial e contribui para uma maior eficácia dos serviços de manutenção, tanto ao nível da manutenção correctiva como na manutenção preventiva. Este trabalho descreve a aplicação de duas técnicas modernas na manutenção das linhas eléctricas que, além de incrementarem a segurança e a fiabilidade do sistema eléctrico, garantem uma melhoria dos dados quantitativos fornecidos às equipas de manutenção .
El libro de cuentas del merinado de Jaca (años 1387 a 1399)
Authors: Ledesma Rubio María Luisa
Published: September 2017

La documentación del Real Patrimonio, completada con la vertida en los registros de cancillería, fondos que se conservan en el Archivo de la Corona de Aragón, ofrecen cuentas globales de diferentes oficios de la administración real desde el siglo XIV, como es el caso de un manuscrito contable de Martín Lozano, merino de Jaca, objeto del presente estudio.
Los moros de Naval (Nabal) en los siglos XV y XVI
Authors: Conte Cazcarro Ánchel
Published: September 2017

En la pequeña villa de Naval se localiza la más septentrional de las comunidades mudéjares de Aragón que, aun sin ser muy numerosa, ha dado abundante documentación desigual en el tiempo, pero que ha permitido hacer una aproximación a su población y a sus actividades económicas a lo largo del siglo XV y comienzos del siglo XVI. Las aproximadamente treinta familias que la integraban, alrededor del 50% del total de la población, queda probado que participaron en la producción de sal, la principal riqueza del pueblo, en la agricultura y, sobre todo, en el comercio. A pesar de ser una villa rica por la producción de sal y los beneficios que reportaba el comercio, cristianos, judíos y moros se vieron obligados con frecuencia a endeudarse colectivamente con la venta de censales que suponían una fuerte carga económica.
Fernando Sánchez de Castro desde la cronística: Política mediterránea y rebelión de un hijo bastardo de Jaime I
Authors: Elipe Soriano Jaime
Published: September 2017

A partir de las crónicas de época medieval y moderna, se elabora una biografía de Fernando Sánchez de Castro, hijo extramatrimonial de Jaime I y I barón de Castro. Se analiza la importancia del personaje desde los tres momentos clave de su vida: el viaje a Sicilia, la expedición a Tierra Santa y la rebelión contra el rey Jaime I y el infante Pedro. Se intenta esbozar la influencia que tuvieron en sus decisiones Manfredo de Sicilia y Carlos de Anjou.
Vida y empresas del cardenal Lluís Joan del Milà: promoción eclesiástica y mecenazgo entre Italia y la Corona de Aragón
Authors: Fernández de Córdova Miralles Álvaro
Published: September 2017

El presente trabajo ofrece una aproximación biográfica a Lluís Joan del Milà, sobrino del papa Calixto III y futuro “cardenal de Albaida”. Partiendo de su promoción eclesiástica al amparo de su tío, se analiza su actividad al servicio de Pío II y Paulo II, su proyecto señorial en tierras valencianas, sus contactos intelectuales y las empresas artísticas impulsadas en Roma, Viterbo y el valle de Albaida. En el ámbito político-eclesiástico se contemplan sus ambiguas relaciones con la Corona y su gobierno en las diócesis de Segorbe y Lérida, donde las preocupaciones familiares asfixiaron sus responsabilidades pastorales. Son las luces y las sombras de este prelado del Renacimiento que vivió entre dos penínsulas en intensa transformación artística y religiosa.
Últimas voluntades de Martín I el Humano (30 y 31 de mayo de 1410)
Authors: López Rodríguez Carlos
Published: September 2017

Se estudia un cuaderno inédito conservado en el Archivo de la Corona de Aragón que contiene el manual de las notas tomadas por el protonotario real Ramon Sescomes los días 30 y 31 de mayo de 1410, durante la agonía y muerte del rey Martín I. Este cuaderno contiene la minuta del acta de la declaración de la última voluntad del monarca sobre la sucesión en la Corona de Aragón, cuya autenticidad había sido puesta en duda por la historiografía moderna. Se incluyen además otras declaraciones y donaciones realizadas por Martín I durante sus dos últimos días de vida, cuyo conocimiento cambia la percepción que se tenía sobre el fallecimiento del último rey de la Casa de Barcelona.
Los Cronica Comvnia: una crónica latina de origen barcelonés del siglo XIII. Edición y estudio
Authors: Martín Iglesias José Carlos
Published: September 2017

Este artículo ofrece la editio princeps de los Cronica comunia, una compilación de noticias de carácter analístico redactada en Barcelona en el último tercio del siglo XIII. Junto con la edición del texto y el estudio de su transmisión manuscrita y sus fuentes, el artículo presenta la posición de esta obra dentro de la tradición de los denominados annales Barcinonenses, la traduce y analiza la veracidad de las noticias históricas que contiene.
El justicia de Aragón frente a la ciudad de Valencia. Un conflicto entre oligarquías territoriales (1395-1404)
Authors: Rubio Vela Agustín
Published: September 2017

Se aportan nuevos documentos inéditos procedentes de la serie de cartas misivas del Archivo Municipal de Valencia acerca del conflicto habido entre el Justicia de Aragón y la ciudad de Valencia, al intentar aquél aplicar su autoridad jurisdiccional sobre la baronía de Chelva en el reino de Valencia, por tratarse de una posesión nobiliar aragonesa sometida a los fueros de Aragón. Se resucitaba así el viejo problema del dualismo entre fueros de Aragón y Valencia en los dominios que la nobleza aragonesa seguía teniendo en el reino valenciano en el tránsito del siglo XIV al XV. Se interpreta el proceso fundamentalmente como un conflicto entre los intereses de las oligarquías de ambos reinos.
La actividad crediticia de un hospital turolense a través de la compra de censales (1482−1517)
Authors: Tello Hernández Esther
Published: September 2017

Entre todas las posibilidades que ofrece el estudio de las instituciones de beneficencia en el tránsito de la época medieval a la moderna, se encuentra el análisis de los hospitales como instituciones que proporcionan crédito a pequeña escala. Una clara muestra de ello es el hospital de San Juan Bautista y Santa María de Villaespesa de Teruel, el cual- entre 1482 y 1517- compró más de 120 censales a campesinos y artesanos de Teruel y su entorno.
Una semblanza entre dos mundos: Sebastián Andrés Valero
Authors: Villagrasa Elías Raúl
Published: September 2017

Este texto tiene como objetivo resumir y analizar la obra historiográfica del profesor Sebastián Andrés Valero ya que éste ha alcanzado la edad de jubilación. Su vida profesional ha girado en torno a las ciudades de Zaragoza (Aragón) y Logroño y en ellas profundizó en el estudio, primeramente, de la historia medieval y, después, de la época antigua. Se sumergió en el conocimiento del pasado gracias a la documentación escrita y el trabajo arqueológico.
Federico Corriente, trayectoria académica de un arabista singular
Authors: Cervera Fras María José , Vicente Sánchez Ángeles
Published: September 2017

Breve semblanza de la trayectoria académica del profesor Federico Corriente, catedrático emérito de Estudios Árabes e Islámicos en la Universidad de Zaragoza.
Asunción Blasco y la renovación de los estudios sobre conversos y judíos en Aragón durante la Edad Media
Authors: Barrio Barrio Juan Antonio
Published: September 2017

Análisis historiográfico de la trayectoria académica de la Dra. Asunción Blasco, Catedrática de Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográficas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, con motivo de su jubilación.
Portada interior, consejo editorial e índice
Authors: Aragón en la Edad Media Revista
Published: September 2017

Portada interior del número 26 (2015). Consejo editorial e índice.
Castel de Càller nel Mediterraneo del XIV secolo: commercio e società urbana nella Corona d'Aragona
Authors: Figus Simonetta
Published: September 2017

El objectivo de este trabajo pretende poner en comparación la ciudad de Castel de Càller (Cagliari), en la primera mitad del 1300, vista como uno de los principales centros de actividades comercial del Mediterráneo Occidental, conjuntamente con otras ciudades también de gran actividad comercial de la Corona  de Aragón.
El poder de la oligarquía urbana de Teruel
Authors: Ríos Conejero Alejandro
Published: September 2017

La sociedad turolense, impregnada del espíritu de frontera fue, desde sus orígenes, de corte castrense, por lo que se primó a los que mejor pertrechados estuviesen para la batalla: los caballeros. A lo largo de las siguientes páginas estudiaremos los diversos mecanismos que esta oligarquía de origen militar utilizó para lograr monopolizar todos los puestos de poder dentro de la primero villa y después ciudad de Teruel durante la Baja Edad Media.
Investigar la Edad Media. Del Máster a la Tesis. Un taller interdisciplinar de la Universidad de Zaragoza en pleno ocaso de los antiguos programas de doctorado
Authors: Navarro Espinach Germán , Viu Fandos María , García Arnal María Jesús
Published: September 2017

Este editorial presenta un amplio dossier que ocupa todo el número de la revista y que contiene cinco resúmenes de tesis doctorales leídas en el momento de la extinción del antiguo programa de doctorado de historia medieval de la Universidad de Zaragoza antes de febrero de 2016. A esos cinco trabajos se unen otras tantas intervenciones que se presentaron en el primer taller interdisciplinar celebrado en el marco del nuevo doctorado sobre épocas medieval y moderna con el título "Investigar la Edad Media. Del Máster a la Tesis". Sus autores/as están realizando trabajos finales de máster o proyectos de tesis doctoral. El contraste entre doctores/as y doctorandos/as muestra inquietudes metodológicas y problemas de investigación a la vez que hallazgos y resultados importantes. La presentación del volumen corre a cargo de Germán Navarro (director de la publicación) y María Viu y María Jesús García (coordinadoras del taller).
Normas generales para la presentación de originales
Authors: Aragón en la Edad Media Revista
Published: September 2017

Normas generales para la presentación de originales
The “Human Subject,” “Vulnerable Populations,” and Medical History: The Problem of Presentism and the Discourse of Bioethics
Authors: Connor J.T.H.
Published: September 2017

This discussion considers recent historical works of eugenics and sterilization in Canada, but it is not an historiographic review essay or critique per se of this literature. Rather, by focussing on the topic of historic diagnostic categories such as “feeble-minded,” “idiot,” and “moron,” methodological issues such as historical presentism and its possible interactions with the discourse of modern bioethics are examined. The conclusions derived are meant only to be cautionary, and are neither prescriptive nor proscriptive. Medical historians undertaking analyses of currently contentious topics that may directly involve or indirectly allude to “human subjects” or “vulnerable populations” perhaps ought to reflect on the degree, if any, they may be anachronistically writing contemporary bioethical categories into bygone eras.
Kentucky’s Program for Traffic Safety Records Performance Measurement
Authors: O’Connell Lenahan , Souleyrette Reginald
Published: September 2017

Increasing highway safety is a critical transportation policy priority. To further that goal, NHTSA released a set of model performance measures for state traffic records databases, although states are free to develop their own metrics. This paper presents the results of Kentucky’s program to develop metrics to measure the performance attributes of its traffic records databases (timeliness, accuracy, completeness, consistency and uniformity, integration, and accessibility). After a brief discussion of the complex nature of the traffic records database system, Kentucky’s performance measurement program is described. Differences across the databases in obtaining useful information are noted, and implications are identified for database improvements. The paper documents advances in data accuracy, timeliness, and completeness. Findings are then connected to the broader effort to improve traffic records databases, including the construction of effective traffic records strategic plans.
Modeling Salt Usage During Snowstorms
Authors: Xie Kun , Ozbay Kaan , Zhu Yuan , Demiroluk Sami , Yang Hong , Nassif Hani
Published: September 2017

Snow can cause dangerous driving conditions by reducing pavement friction and covering road surface markings. Salt is widely used by highway maintenance managers in the United States to reduce the impact of snow or ice on traffic. For the development of long-term plans, especially for the next winter season, it is essential to know what factors affect salt usage and to determine the sufficient amount of salt needed in each depot location. This determination can be accomplished by estimating statistically robust models for salt usage prediction. In this study, historical data regarding storm characteristics and salt usage on the New Jersey Turnpike and Garden State Parkway were used to estimate those models. Linear models, hierarchical linear models, and hierarchical linear models with varying dispersion (HLVDs) were developed to predict the salt usage on the two highways. Results show that districts with higher average snow depth, longer storm duration, and lower average temperature were associated with greater salt usage. HLVD models were found to have the best predictive performance by including random parameters to account for unobserved spatial heterogeneity and by including fixed effects in the dispersion term. In addition, with the estimation of case-specific dispersion on the basis of storm characteristics, HLVD models could be used appropriately to estimate the upper bounds of salt usage, bounds that are not extremely large and could satisfy the salt demand in most cases. The findings of this study can provide highway authorities with valuable insights into the use of statistical models for more efficient inventory management of salt and other maintenance materials.
Using Google’s Aggregated and Anonymized Trip Data to Support Freeway Corridor Management Planning in San Francisco, California
Authors: Sana Bhargava , Castiglione Joe , Cooper Drew , Tischler Daniel
Published: September 2017

With rising urban freeway congestion and limited funds available for highway expansion, it may be essential to manage traffic growth by using high-occupancy toll lanes and other travel demand management (TDM) measures. To prepare for and help guide freeway corridor management planning in the US-101 and I-280 corridors in San Francisco, California, information describing trip origins and destinations by time of day was desired. Observed roadway facility-specific origin–destination (O-D) flows can help researchers to understand spatial distribution of demand and impute willingness to pay, actions that are useful in evaluating various TDM strategies. This paper describes a new passively collected O-D data source—Google’s aggregated and anonymized trip (AAT) data—obtained under Google’s Better Cities program. Aggregate hourly flow matrices for 85 districts covering California’s nine-county Bay Area specific to four freeway segments in San Francisco were obtained. Because AAT data account for only a sample of travelers, Google provides relative flows rather than absolute counts. Linear regression models were estimated to relate relative flows in the AAT data set and observed traffic volumes from the California Department of Transportation’s Performance Measurement System. The models were applied to convert relative flows to trips and derive facility-specific, time-dependent O-D matrices. Comparison of these facility-specific O-D matrices to select link O-D matrices from a regional travel demand model show that there is a higher correlation in terms of productions at origin districts and attractions at destination districts than at the O-D flow level. Some opportunities and limitations of the new data source are discussed, along with recommendations for future research.
Relationships Between Parking Garage Occupancy and Traffic Speeds In Cities
Authors: Ma Rui , Chen Shenyang , Zhang H. Michael
Published: September 2017

Theoretical studies have suggested that parking and traffic conditions in cities are related, yet few empirical studies have been conducted to quantify this relationship. This paper develops a data processing procedure to extract and fuse data on time-varying parking garage occupancy and traffic speed at the street or city-block levels, and their relationships are studied. Parking occupancy data from the application program interface (API) in SFPark.org and comprehensive traffic speed data from the HERE Maps traffic API were used as a case study. During the morning and evening commute periods, the relationships between average speed and parking occupancy were found to be distinct, and both relationships could be modeled by a reversed logistic function. Such a macroscopic relationship can be exploited to evaluate the effectiveness of downtown access control or congestion charging.
Use of Smartphone Panels for Viable and Cost-Effective GPS Data Collection for Small and Medium Planning Agencies
Authors: Flake Leah , Lee Michelle , Hathaway Kevin , Greene Elizabeth
Published: September 2017

Historically, small and medium-sized metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) have been at a disadvantage when investing in new technologies to aid in the collection of household travel data, primarily because of funding limitations. One such new technology is GPS data collection via smartphone, which provides benefits in data quality compared with traditional methods. While state and large metropolitan planning agencies have begun fielding household travel studies primarily using GPS data collection, smaller MPOs may be reluctant to incur the associated costs. However, improvements in mobile data collection, specifically use of personal smartphones, create opportunities for MPOs to benefit from GPS travel data collection without the expense of purchasing and deploying GPS devices. In 2016, Resource Systems Group conducted a household travel study on behalf of the North Carolina State University Institute for Transportation Research and Education, in which 4,194 households participated in a 1-day travel diary online or by phone. The household travel study was supplemented by a 351-household panel that completed a 3-day GPS study using a smartphone app in addition to the 1-day diary. In the smartphone panel, higher trip rates were found among young adults and high-income households compared with those collected in the online diary, demonstrating the advantages of passively collected trip data and near-real-time recall offered by the smartphone approach. This paper outlines the methodology of the smartphone panel effort, compares trip rates between the online diary and the smartphone panel, and briefly discusses the application of these results toward weighting the overall trip data set.
Turning points in the transition to parenthood: Variability of father involvement over time
Authors: Schmidt Eva-Maria , Rieder Irene , Zartler Ulrike , Schadler Cornelia , Richter Rudolf
Published: September 2017

Although fathers’ involvement in care work has increased, the transition to parenthood still implies a gendered division of labour. In order to gain more knowledge of this ambivalence, we focus on the variability of father involvement at this transition. Based on an Austrian qualitative longitudinal study with couples experiencing the transition to first-time parenthood, we examined how fathers’ affective, cognitive and behavioural involvement varies across the transition process. Changes in fathers’ involvement culminated at particular points in time, conceptualised as turning points. Results show that the transition to fatherhood is characterised by a variety of prepregnancy, prenatal and postnatal turning points at which father involvement undergoes crucial transformations. Father involvement varies not only between fathers, but also within individual transitions. The study indicates that turning points contribute to the dynamics and fluidity of the transition process.

Zusammenfassung

Obwohl die väterliche Beteiligung an der Betreuungsarbeit im Steigen begriffen ist, ist der Übergang zur Elternschaft nach wie vor mit einer geschlechtsspezifischen und ungleichen Arbeitsteilung verbunden. Um diese Ambivalenz zu verstehen, konzentrieren wir uns auf die Variabilität väterlicher Beteiligung bei diesem Übergang. Anhand einer österreichischen qualitativen Längsschnittstudie mit Paaren, die das erste Mal Eltern werden, wurde untersucht, wie sich die affektive, kognitive und verhaltensmäßige Beteiligung in diesem Transitionsprozess verändert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Übergang zur Elternschaft sich durch zahlreiche Wendepunkte (turning points) auszeichnet, an denen väterliche Beteiligung eine wesentliche Änderung erfährt. Diese Wendepunkte können vor und während der Schwangerschaft sowie nach der Geburt auftreten. Die Beteiligung variiert nicht nur zwischen Vätern, sondern auch innerhalb individueller Übergänge. Wendepunkte implizieren einen Wechsel in der Arbeitsteilung zwischen Müttern und Vätern und tragen zur Dynamik und Fluidität des Transitionsprozesses bei.
Characterization of the skin mucus in the common octopus Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier) reared paralarvae
Authors: Accogli Gianluca , Scillitani Giovanni , Mentino Donatella , Desantis Salvatore
Published: September 2017

The Octopus vulgaris farming is impaired by the high mortality of the paralarvae during the first month of life. Several factors have been investigated in this regard, but no data exist on the body surface mucus, which represents the interface with the outside environment. This study included morphometric analysis and glycoconjugates characterization of skin mucus in reared Octopus vulgaris paralarvae during the first month of life. Four types of mucous cells were distinguished:  mucous 1 (m1) and mucous 2 (m2) cells were scattered in the mantle epidermis, mucous 3 (m3) and mucous 4 (m4) in the epithelium surrounding the sucker. Except for the presence of fucosylated and neutral glycoconjugates in all mucous cells, each cell type expressed a characteristic glycopattern. m2 and m4 contained also suphate and acid non-sulphate glycans, m3 lacked suphate glycoproteins. Lectin histochemistry showed that mantle mucous cells (m1, m2) expressed GlcNAc and lactosamine terminating glycans. m2 also contained GalNAc terminal or penultimate to sialic acid. m3 was distinguished by mannosylated glycans terminating with lactosamine and m4 by α2,6 sialoglycans. Glycoproteins terminating with lactosamine, Galβ1,3GalNAc, and α1,6-linked fucose were a common feature of paralarvae surface layer. Morphometry revealed a significant decrease of m1 and m2 abundance during the first month of life, afterwards the reared paralarvae died. Since the glycopattern did not change during the investigated period, the mantle mucous cells abundance could be related to the Octopus vulgaris paralarvae survival. 
Task-shifting point-of-care CD4+ testing to lay health workers in HIV care and treatment services in Namibia
Authors: Kaindjee-Tjituka Francina , Sawadogo Souleymane , Mutandi Graham , Maher Andrew D. , Salomo Natanael , Mbapaha Claudia , Neo Marytha , Beukes Anita , Gweshe Justice , Muadinohamba Alexinah , Lowrance David W.
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Access to CD4+ testing remains a common barrier to early initiation of antiretroviral therapy among persons living with HIV/AIDS in low- and middle-income countries. The feasibility of task-shifting of point-of-care (POC) CD4+ testing to lay health workers in Namibia has not been evaluated.Methods: From July to August 2011, Pima CD4+ analysers were used to improve access to CD4+ testing at 10 selected public health facilities in Namibia. POC Pima CD4+ testing was performed by nurses or lay health workers. Venous blood samples were collected from 10% of patients and sent to centralised laboratories for CD4+ testing with standard methods. Outcomes for POC Pima CD4+ testing and patient receipt of results were compared between nurses and lay health workers and between the POC method and standard laboratory CD4+ testing methods.Results: Overall, 1429 patients received a Pima CD4+ test; 500 (35.0%) tests were performed by nurses and 929 (65.0%) were performed by lay health workers. When Pima CD4+ testing was performed by a nurse or a lay health worker, 93.2% and 95.2% of results were valid (p = 0.1); 95.6% and 98.1% of results were received by the patient (p = 0.007); 96.2% and 94.0% of results were received by the patient on the same day (p = 0.08). Overall, 97.2% of Pima CD4+ results were received by patients, compared to 55.4% of standard laboratory CD4+ results (p < 0.001).Conclusions: POC CD4+ testing was feasible and effective when task-shifted to lay health workers. Rollout of POC CD4+ testing via task-shifting can improve access to CD4+ testing and retention in care between HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy initiation in low- and middle-income countries.
Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model to analyze cloud-based mHealth service for primary care
Authors: Khatun Fatema , Palas Jahir U. , Ray Pradeep K.
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Cloud-based mHealth services have the potential to make quality healthcare available in remote locations in the world. A practical deployment will involve medicolegal issues involving physicians and patients in different within and across countries. However, the first step is to evaluate such a cloud-based mHealth (MyOnlineClinic). This study aimed to understand and find out the factors that influence the end-user intention to use this new technology in Australia.

Materials and Methods:

We surveyed 167 end-users in 2015 and performed a Structural Equation Model analysis using Smart PLS to identify the intention to use the system among the participants.

Results:

The study revealed that the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology construct, particularly facilitating condition (FC) (β = 0.355, P = 0.002), has yielded a significant influence on the behavioral intention to use MyOnlineClinic. However, the relationships between performance expectancy and behavioral intention (β = 0.162, P = 0.141), effort expectancy and behavioral intention (β = −0.004, P = 0.971), and social influences and behavioral intention (β = 0.164, P = 0.100) were insignificant. Further, age showed moderating effect on these variables. The majority of the respondents agreed or strongly agreed that technological issues such as sound (92.2%), video qualities (88.6%), and interaction with doctor (89.8%) are good.

Conclusion:

The end-users' intentions to use MyOnlineClinic system were particularly influenced by FCs such as hardware, software, and the information technology knowledge/familiarity of users. These factors may get further accentuated when these systems are deployed across countries with different languages, technological infrastructures, and medicolegal environments. Therefore, cloud-based mHealth would help in removing some barriers, such as differences in software versions and interoperability problems of systems at physician and patient ends.
Patient-specific 3D printed model in delineating brain glioma and surrounding structures in a pediatric patient
Authors: Lau Ivan , Squelch Andrew , Wan Yung Liang , Wong Alex Mun-Chung , Ducke Werner , Sun Zhonghua
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been increasingly used in medicine with applications in the diagnostic assessment of disease extent, medical education and training, preoperative planning, and surgical simulation. The use of 3D printing in brain tumors is very limited. In this study, we presented our preliminary experience of creating patient-specific 3D printed model of a brain tumor in a pediatric patient and demonstrated the feasibility of using 3D printing in delineating brain anatomy and tumor.

Materials and Methods:

A life-size 3D printed brain model of a 6-year-old girl, who was diagnosed with pilocytic astrocytoma, was generated. The model was created using high-resolution magnetic resonance images which were postprocessed and segmented to demonstrate normal anatomical structures and the tumor. The tumor was confirmed to be Grade I pilocytic astrocytoma after neurosurgery.

Results:

3D printed model was found to provide realistic visualization of brain anatomical structures and tumor, and enhance understanding of pathology in relation to the surrounding structures. The mean difference in diameter measurements of the brain tumor was 0.53 mm (0.98%) between the 3D printed model and computerized model.

Conclusions:

This study shows it is feasible to generate a 3D printed model of brain tumor with encouraging results achieved to replicate brain anatomy and tumor. 3D printed model of brain tumor could serve as an excellent tool for preoperative planning and simulation of surgical procedures, which deserve to be investigated in further studies.
A sharply 2-transitive group without a non-trivial abelian normal subgroup
Authors: Rips Eliyahu , Segev Yoav , Tent Katrin
Published: September 2017

We show that any group

G

is contained in some sharply 2-transitive group

\mathcal G

without a non-trivial abelian normal subgroup. This answers a long-standing open question. The involutions in the groups

\mathcal G

that we construct have no fixed points.
Topological groups, $\mu$-types and their stabilizers
Authors: Peterzil Ya'acov , Starchenko Sergei
Published: September 2017

We consider an arbitrary topological group

G

definable in a structure

\mathcal M

, such that some basis for the topology of

G

consists of sets definable in

\mathcal M

. To each such group

G

we associate a compact

G

-space of partial types,

S^{\mu}_G(M)=\{p_{\mu}\colon p\in S_G(M)\}

which is the quotient of the usual type space

S_G(M)

by the relation of two types being "infinitesimally close to each other". In the o-minimal setting, if

p

is a definable type then it has a corresponding definable subgroup Stab

^{\mu}(p)

, which is the stabilizer of

p_{\mu}

. This group is nontrivial when

p

is unbounded in the sense of

\mathcal M

; in fact it is a torsion-free solvable group.

Along the way, we analyze the general construction of

S^{\mu}_G(M)

and its connection to the Samuel compactification of topological groups.
A model-theoretic study of right-angled buildings
Authors: Baudisch Andreas , Martin-Pizarro Amador , Ziegler Martin
Published: September 2017

We study the model theory of right-angled buildings with infinite residues. For every Coxeter graph we obtain a complete theory with a natural axiomatisation, which is

\omega

-stable and equational. Furthermore, we provide sharp lower and upper bounds for its degree of ampleness, computed exclusively in terms of the associated Coxeter graph. This generalises and provides an alternative treatment of the free pseudospace.
Characterizing biospheric carbon balance using CO2 observations from the OCO-2 satellite
Authors: Miller Scot M. , Michalak Anna M. , Yadav Vineet , Tadic Jovan M.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite launched in summer of 2014. Its observations could allow scientists to constrain CO2 fluxes across regions or continents that were previously difficult to monitor. This study explores an initial step toward that goal; we evaluate the extent to which current OCO-2 observations can detect patterns in biospheric CO2 fluxes and constrain monthly CO2 budgets. Our goal is to guide top-down, inverse modeling studies and identify areas for future improvement. We find that uncertainties and biases in the individual OCO-2 observations are comparable to the atmospheric signal from biospheric fluxes, particularly during northern hemisphere winter when biospheric fluxes are small. A series of top-down experiments indicate how these errors affect our ability to constrain monthly biospheric CO2 budgets. We are able to constrain budgets for between two and four global regions using OCO-2 observations, depending on the month, and we can constrain CO2 budgets at the regional level (i.e., smaller than seven global biomes) in only a handful of cases (16 % of all regions and months). The potential of the OCO-2 observations, however, is greater than these results might imply. A set of synthetic data experiments suggests that observation or retrieval errors have a salient effect. Advances in retrieval algorithms and to a lesser extent atmospheric transport modeling will improve the results. In the interim, top-down studies that use current satellite observations are best-equipped to constrain the biospheric carbon balance across only continental or hemispheric regions.
Simulating damage for wind storms in the land surface model
ORCHIDEE-CAN (revision 4262)
Authors: Chen Yi-Ying , Gardiner Barry , Pasztor Ferenc , Blennow Kristina , Ryder James , Valade Aude , Naudts Kim , Otto Juliane , McGrath Matthew J. , Planque Carole , Luyssaert Sebastiaan
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Earth System Models (ESMs) are currently the most advanced tools with which to study the interactions between humans, ecosystem productivity and the climate. The inclusion of storm damage in ESMs has long been hampered by their big-leaf approach which ignores the canopy structure information that is required for process-based wind throw modelling. Recently the big-leaf assumptions in the large scale land surface model ORCHIDEE-CAN were replaced by a three dimensional description of the canopy structure. This opened the way to the integration of the processes from the small-scale wind damage risk model ForestGALES into ORCHIDEE-CAN. The resulting enhanced model was completed by an empirical function to convert the difference between actual and critical wind speeds into forest damage. This new version of ORCHIDEE-CAN was parametrized over Sweden. Subsequently, the performance of the model was tested against data for historical storms in Southern Sweden between 1951 and 2010, and South-western France in 2009. In years without big storms, here defined as a storm damaging less than 15 × 106 m3 of wood in Sweden, the model error is 1.62 × 106 m3 which is about 100 % of the observed damage. For years with big storms, such as Gudrun in 2005, the model error increased to 5.05 × 106 m3 which is between 10 % and 50 % of the observed damage. When the same model parameters were used over France, the model reproduced a decrease in leaf area index and an increase in albedo, in accordance with SPOT-VGT and MODIS records following the passing of Cyclone Klaus in 2009. The current version of ORCHIDEE-CAN (revision 4262) is therefore expected to have the capability to capture the dynamics of forest structure due to storm disturbance both at regional and global scales, although the empirical parameters calculating gustiness from the gridded wind fields and storm damage from critical wind speeds may benefit from regional fitting.
Medium-term dynamics of a middle Adriatic barred beach
Authors: Postacchini Matteo , Soldini Luciano , Lorenzoni Carlo , Mancinelli Alessandro
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In recent years, attention has been paid to beach protection by means of soft and hard defenses. Along the Italian coast of the Adriatic Sea, sandy beaches are the most common landscape feature and around 70 % of the Marche region's coast (central Adriatic) is protected by defense structures. The longest free-from-obstacle nearshore area in the region includes the beach of Senigallia, frequently monitored in the last decades and characterized by a multiple bar system, which represents a natural beach defense. The bathymetries surveyed in 2006, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 show long-term stability, confirmed by a good adaptation of an analyzed stretch of the beach to the Dean-type equilibrium profile, though a strong short- to medium-term variability of the wave climate has been observed during the monitored periods. The medium-term dynamics of the beach, which deal with the evolution of submerged bars and are of the order of years or seasons, have been related to the wave climate collected, during the analyzed temporal windows, by a wave buoy located about 40 km off Senigallia. An overall interpretation of the hydrodynamics, sediment characteristics and seabed morphology suggests that the wave climate is fundamental for the morphodynamic changes of the beach in the medium term. These medium-term time ranges during which waves mainly come from NNE/ESE are characterized by a larger/smaller steepness and by a larger/smaller relative wave height, and seem to induce seaward/shoreward bar migration as well as bar smoothing/steepening. Moving southeastward, the bar dimension increases, while the equilibrium profile shape suggests the adaptation to a decreasing sediment size in the submerged beach. This is probably due to the presence of both the harbor jetty and river mouth north of the investigated area.
Carbon geochemistry of plankton-dominated samples in the Laptev and East Siberian shelves: contrasts in suspended particle composition
Authors: Tesi Tommaso , Geibel Marc C. , Pearce Christof , Panova Elena , Vonk Jorien E. , Karlsson Emma , Salvado Joan A. , Kruså Martin , Bröder Lisa , Humborg Christoph , Semiletov Igor , Gustafsson Örjan
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Recent Arctic studies suggest that sea ice decline and permafrost thawing will affect phytoplankton dynamics and stimulate heterotrophic communities. However, in what way the plankton composition will change as the warming proceeds remains elusive. Here we investigate the chemical signature of the plankton-dominated fraction of particulate organic matter (POM) collected along the Siberian Shelf. POM (> 10 µm) samples were analysed using molecular biomarkers (CuO oxidation and IP25) and dual-carbon isotopes (δ13C and Δ14C). In addition, surface water chemical properties were integrated with the POM (> 10 µm) dataset to understand the link between plankton composition and environmental conditions. δ13C and Δ14C exhibited a large variability in the POM (> 10 µm) distribution while the content of terrestrial biomarkers in the POM was negligible. In the Laptev Sea (LS), δ13C and Δ14C of POM (> 10 µm) suggested a heterotrophic environment in which dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the Lena River was the primary source of metabolisable carbon. Within the Lena plume, terrestrial DOC probably became part of the food web via bacteria uptake and subsequently transferred to relatively other heterotrophic communities (e.g. dinoflagellates). Moving eastwards toward the sea-ice-dominated East Siberian Sea (ESS), the system became progressively more autotrophic. Comparison between δ13C of POM (> 10 µm) samples and CO2aq concentrations revealed that the carbon isotope fractionation increased moving towards the easternmost and most productive stations. In a warming scenario characterised by enhanced terrestrial DOC release (thawing permafrost) and progressive sea ice decline, heterotrophic conditions might persist in the LS while the nutrient-rich Pacific inflow will likely stimulate greater primary productivity in the ESS. The contrasting trophic conditions will result in a sharp gradient in δ13C between the LS and ESS, similar to what is documented in our semi-synoptic study.
Open Source Algorithm for Detecting Sea Ice Surface Features in
High Resolution Optical Imagery
Authors: Wright Nicholas C. , Polashenski Christopher M.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Snow, ice, and melt ponds cover the surface of the Arctic Ocean in fractions that change throughout the seasons. These surfaces control albedo and exert tremendous influence over the energy balance in the Arctic. Increasingly available m- to dm-scale resolution optical imagery captures the evolution of the ice and ocean surface state visually, but methods for quantifying coverage of key surface types from raw imagery are not yet well established. Here we present an open source system designed to provide a standardized, automated, and reproducible technique for processing optical imagery of sea ice. The method classifies surface coverage into three main categories: Snow and bare ice, melt ponds and submerged ice, and open water. The method is demonstrated on imagery from four sensor platforms and on imagery spanning from spring thaw to fall freeze-up. Tests show the classification accuracy of this method typically exceeds 96 %. To facilitate scientific use, we evaluate the minimum observation area required for reporting a representative sample of surface coverage. We provide an open source distribution of this algorithm and associated training data sets and suggest the community consider this a step towards standardizing optical sea ice imagery processing. We hope to encourage future collaborative efforts to improve the code base and to analyze large datasets of optical sea ice imagery.
Detecting the permafrost carbon feedback: Talik formation and increased cold-season
respiration as precursors to sink-to-source transitions
Authors: Parazoo Nicholas C. , Koven Charles D. , Lawrence David M. , Romanovsky Vladimir , Miller Charles E.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Thaw and release of permafrost carbon (C) due to climate change is likely to offset increased vegetation C uptake in Northern High Latitude (NHL) terrestrial ecosystems. Models project that this permafrost C feedback may act as a slow leak, in which case detection and attribution of the feedback may be difficult. The formation of talik, a sub-surface layer of perennially thawed soil, can accelerate permafrost degradation and soil respiration, ultimately shifting the C balance of permafrost affected ecosystems from long-term C sinks to long-term C sources. It is imperative to understand and characterize mechanistic links between talik, permafrost thaw, and respiration of deep soil C to detect and quantify the permafrost C feedback. Here, we use the Community Land Model (CLM) version 4.5, a permafrost and biogeochemistry model, in comparison to long term deep borehole data along North American and Siberian transects, to investigate thaw driven C sources in NHL (> 55° N) from 2000–2300. Widespread talik at depth IS projected across most of the NHL permafrost region (14 million km2) by 2300, correlated to increased cold season warming, earlier spring thaw, and growing active layers. Talik formation peaks in the 2050s in warm permafrost regions in the sub-Arctic. Comparison to borehole data suggests talik formation may even occur sooner. Accelerated decomposition of deep soil C following talik onset shifts the surface balance of photosynthetic uptake and litter respiration into long-term C sources across 3.2 million km2 of permafrost. Talik driven sources occur predominantly in warm permafrost, but sink-to-source transition dates are delayed by decades to centuries due to high ecosystem productivity. In contrast, most of the cold permafrost region in the northern Arctic (3 million km2) shifts to a net source by the end of the 21st century in the absence of talik due to the high decomposition rates of shallow, young C in organic rich soils coupled with low productivity. Our results provide important clues signaling imminent talik onset and C source transition including: (1) late cold season (Jan–Feb) soil warming at depth (~ 2 m), (2) increasing cold season emissions (Nov–Apr), (3) enhanced respiration of deep, old C in warm permafrost and young, shallow C in organic rich cold permafrost soils. Our results suggest a mosaic of processes that govern carbon source-to-sink transitions at high latitudes, and emphasize the urgency of monitoring soil thermal profiles, organic C age and content, cold season CO2 emissions, and atmospheric 14CO2 as key indicators of the permafrost C feedback.