bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maxitrol Ophthalmic Ointment Versus Prednisolone Acetate and Gentamicin Eye Drops after Pars Plana Vitrectomy: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Thakur MS Shambhawi , Wagner  , Gallagher Shawna , Kapoor
Published: February 2022

BackgroundMaxitrol ophthalmic ointment is a combination anti-inflammatory and antibiotic agent commonly used to manage post-operative inflammation and infection. In July 2019, Altaire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced the recall of 99 eye-care products as a precautionary measure due to quality assurance concerns. Recalled products included the generic Maxitrol ophthalmic ointment which is covered by most insurance plans, including Medicare and costs around $20 in the United States. The recall led to its shortage, and consequently, patients who were prescribed the Maxitrol ophthalmic ointment for their post-operative regimen were obliged to purchase the branded version at its full out-of-pocket cost ($213) as it is not covered by many insurance plans, including Medicare. The Prednisolone Acetate and Gentamicin eye drops have a combined retail price of $56, but are covered by Medicare and most insurance plans. They have been shown to be safe and effective against post-surgical inflammation and infection after cataract surgeries. In this study, we aim to compare the safety and efficacy of Maxitrol ophthalmic ointment and combination Prednisolone Acetate/Gentamicin eye drops on post-operative ocular inflammation and prevention of infection after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).Main BodyThis was a retrospective study including all patients that underwent PPV for macular hole repair, epiretinal membrane, vitreous debris removal, vitreous hemorrhage, and severe floaters from February 2019 to 2021. Patients with retinal detachment surgeries and diabetes were excluded due to wider variation in inflammation. The medical records of all surgical patients were thoroughly reviewed for the six-month post-operative period and clinical data points regarding infection and inflammation were recorded. Fischer’s exact test was utilized to analyze the data. Of 337 PPV surgeries, 178 eyes fulfilled the inclusion criteria. During the six-month post-operative period, there was no statistical difference in post-operative rates of infection or inflammation (p = 1.0). ConclusionBoth treatments were equally as safe and effective after PPV. This data is critical in allowing clinicians to optimize post-operative regimens, allowing flexibility regarding back orders of medication, sensitivity to ease of application, and awareness of cost-effectiveness.
Feature Impact Assessment: A New Score to Identify Relevant Metabolomics Features in Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Danhui , Greenwood Peyton , Klein Matthias S
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are increasingly used in metabolomics.

Objectives

Given the multitude of implementations of ANN, there is no straightforward way to identify important features (metabolites). We developed a simple numeric score, the FIA score, to identify features of high importance.

Methods

FIA analysis was implemented in R and tested on microbial and human datasets.

Results

FIA scores correlated significantly to p -values and can provide information on the stability of ANN models.

Conclusion

FIA scores are a novel, simple score to assess the impact of features that will help interpreting ANN outcomes in the metabolomics area.
Exploring how green roof features attract birds in the city of Madison and conducting a hypothetical intensive green roof design
Authors: liu chongxiao NMN
Published: February 2022

With the development of urban systems, living in urban areas has become a global trend. The growing population, and the accompanying need for increased development, which brings with its problems such as flooding, decreased green space, fragmented habitats, the urban heat island effect, and air pollution. To help mitigate these problems and improve the urban environment, green technology is used to create roof gardens. These gardens benefit people by bringing them close to nature, and many can also provide habitat for birds. The purpose of this two-part study is to design bird-friendly green roofs for two proposed high-rise buildings which are part of a new downtown redevelopment project in the city of Madison, WI. The first part of the project includes a precedent study, in which I summarize available literature concerning green roof designs created to attract birds, and conduct a survey of the birds found on a the green roof garden located at Union South on the UW-Wisconsin Campus. To conduct the survey, I used a combination of checklists, maps and measuring tools to observe the number, species, and activities of the birds at each of the site’s behavior settings. I observed 8 different bird species, the most numerous of which were house sparrows. The results show that 1) a of combination design elements including a water feature, plant species providing food and shelter for birds, and structures such as handrails and fences, 2) adjacent areas that provide habitat, and 3) adjacent areas that provide leftover human food –such as an adjacent picnic area-- positively impact the birds on site; whereas people who move around close to the birds on site or bring dogs, keep the birds away.
Predicting Acute Kidney Injury Following Open Partial Nephrectomy Treatment Using SAT-Pruned Explainable Machine Learning Model
Authors: Lazebnik Teddy , Bahouth Zaher , Bunimovich-Mendrazitsky Svetlana , Halachmi Sarel
Published: February 2022

Background: One of the most devastating complications of Partial Nephrectomy (PN) is Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which could have a negative impact on subsequent renal function and occurs in up to 24.3\% of patients undergoing PN. The aim of this study was to predict the occurrence of AKI following PN using preoperative parameters by applying machine learning algorithms. Methods: We included all adult patients (n=723) who underwent open PN in our department since 1995 and on whom we have data on the pre-operative renal function. We developed a random forest (RF) model with Boolean satisfaction-based pruned decision trees for binary classification (AKI or non-AKI). Hyper-parameter grid search was performed to optimize the model's performance. Five-fold cross-validation was applied to evaluate the model. We implemented a RF model with greedy feature selection to binary classify AKI and non-AKI cases based on pre-operative data. Results: The best model obtained a 0.69 precision and 0.69 recall in classifying the AKI and non-AKI groups on average (k=5). In addition, the model's probability to correctly classify a new prediction is 0.75. The proposed model is available as an online calculator. Conclusions: Our model predicts the occurrence of AKI following open PN with (75%) accuracy. We plan to externally validate this model and modify it to minimally-invasive PN.
Metagenomic sequencing provides evidence of the nasal microbiota’s influence on idiopathic orbital myositis: a case control study
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Ma Ruiqi , Gan Lu , Peng Zhiyu , Qian Jiang , Zhang Rui
Published: February 2022

Background: Nasal microbiota is a key factor in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Its influence on orbital autoimmune diseases remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the influence of CRS-related nasal dysbiosis on extraocular muscle (EOM) microbiota in patients with or without idiopathic orbital myositis (IOM).Methods: Sixteen subjects were recruited, including 4 cases in each study group [IOM(+) CRS(+) group, IOM(–) CRS(+) group, IOM(+) CRS(–) group, IOM(–) CRS(–) group]. The EOM tissues and corresponding incision tissues were sampled and processed with metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The nasal swaps from middle meatus were collected and analyzed with 16s rRNA sequencing. The sequencing data were calculated with Shannon index for microbial diversity, principal component analysis for microbial abundance and linear discriminant analysis effect size for dominant species.Results: A total of 42 species of bacteria, 3 species of fungi and no virus were detected. Both microbial diversity and microbial abundance differed between the EOM and incision samples in IOM(–) CRS(+) and IOM(–) CRS(–) subjects, with Staphylococcus predominant in the EOM samples and Micrococcus luteus predominant in the incision samples. The microbiota also differed between EOM and swap samples in the IOM(–)CRS(+) subjects, and the most distinguishable species in the swab samples was Cutibacterium acnes. Further analysis of the swab samples confirmed nasal dysbiosis in the CRS(+) subjects with Staphylococcus haemolyticus representating as the dominant species. The microbiota of EOM samples differed between the IOM(–)CRS(+) and IOM(–)CRS(–) subjects, resulting into preponderance of Cutibacterium acnes in the IOM(–)CRS(+) subjects. Small discrepancies of EOM microbiota were detected between the IOM(+)CRS(+) and IOM(+)CRS(–) subjects, but data analysis showed no statistical significance. The above findings demonstrate an alteration of EOM microbiota in CRS patients, providing evidence that nasal dysbiosis may play a role in regulating microbial communities in EOM.Conclusions: This study provided a reference spectrum of EOM microbiota in IOM patients and offered insights into the nasal microbiota’s influence on orbital autoimmune conditions.(Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100047731. Registered 24 June 2021 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=127896)
Landscape Irrigation and Water Conservation in Urban Areas: An Analysis of Information-based Strategies
Authors: Yue Chengyan , Cui Manlin , Kong Xiangwen , Watkins Eric , Barnes Mike
Published: February 2022

Outdoor water use, especially for lawn and landscaping irrigation, accounts for a substantial proportion of residential water use and often peaks during summer months. Understanding how to reduce outdoor water use can play a critical role in balancing the increasing demand for and subsequent protection of water resources. This study aims to find out if information-based strategies can be effective in reducing homeowners’ water use as well as identifying the key determinants that can enhance water conservation campaigns. Using online survey data from 2077 randomly selected urban homeowners with home lawns in a relatively water-rich state, we found that social norm-based information is generally more effective to promote household water conservation behavior than education information. Moreover, the results showed that the households’ water-saving actions, lawn watering knowledge, awareness for local water scarcity, attitudes toward water conservation, socio-demographics, and landscape characteristics all play a role in determining household water conservation intention.
Topological phase transition between the gap and the gapless superconductors
Authors: Yerin Yuriy , Petrillo Caterina , Varlamov A. A.
Published: February 2022

It is demonstrated that the known for a long time transition between
the gap and the gapless states in the Abrikosov-Gor’kov theory of a
superconductor with paramagnetic impurities is of the Lifshitz type,
i.e. of the 2\frac12212
order phase transition. We reveal the emergence of a cuspidal edge at
the density of states surface N(\omega,\Delta_0)N(ω,Δ0)
(\Delta_0Δ0
is the value of the superconducting order parameter in the absence of
magnetic impurities) and the occurrence of the catastrophe phenomenon at
the transition point. We study the stability of such a transition with
respect to the spatial fluctuations of the magnetic impurities critical
concentration n_sns
and show that the requirement for validity of its mean field description
is unobtrusive: \nabla \left( {\ln{n_s}} \right) \ll \xi^{-1}∇(lnns)≪ξ−1 (here \xiξ
is the superconducting coherence length). Finally, we show that,
similarly to the Lifshitz transition, the transition between gap and
gapless states should be accompanied by the corresponding singularities.
For instance, the superconducting thermoelectric effect has a giant peak
exceeding the normal value of the Seebeck coefficient by the ratio of
the Fermi energy and the superconducting gap. The concept of the
experiment for the confirmation of 2\frac12212
order transition nature is proposed. The obtained theoretical results
can be applied for the explanation of recent experiments with
lightwave-driven gapless superconductivity, for the new interpretation
of the disorder induced transition s_{\pm}s±-s_{++}s++
states via gapless state in multi-band superconductors, for better
understanding of the gapless color superconductivity in quantum
chromodynamics, the string theory.
2863 SAYILI KÜLTÜR VE TABİAT VARLIKLARINI KORUMA KANUNU M.65 SUÇLARININ KANUNİLİK İLKESİ BAKIMINDAN DEĞERLENDİRMESİ
Authors: AYGÖRMEZ Gülsün Ayhan
Published: February 2022

Özel Kanunlar içerisinde 2863 sayılı Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Kanunu m.65 içerisinde yer alan suçlar kanunîlik ilkesi bakımından özellikle mercek altına alınması gereken suçlardandır. Zira ilgili normlarda geçen maddî unsurların tanımlarına 2863 sayılı Kanun içerisinde yer verilmediği gibi, maddî unsurlara esas teşkil edecek hususlar sıklıkla idarî düzenlemeler yoluyla öngörülmüş, değiştirilmiş ve genişletilmiştir. Söz konusu genişlemeye ise bizzat Kanun’un kendisi dahi uyum sağlayamamıştır. Yapılan değişikliklerin başında, sürdürülebilir koruma ve kontrollü kullanım alanlarına ilişkin hükümler gelmektedir. Sürdürülebilir koruma ve kontrollü kullanım alanı kavramına 2863 sayılı Kanun kapsamında değinilmemiş, bunların Kanun’da tanımlanmış doğal sit kavramının bir türü olduğu Yönetmelik ile öngörülmüş; buna ek olarak bu alanlarda yapılmasına izin verilen faaliyetlerle, izne tabi olmayan faaliyetlerin nelerden ibaret olduğu Bakanlık ilke kararlarına bırakılmıştır. Suçların maddî ve manevî unsurunun oluşumuna esas teşkil edecek tüm bu kurucu hususların idarî düzenlemelere bırakılması, ceza hukukunda kıyas yasağı başta olmak üzere, kanunsuz suç ve ceza olmaz ilkesini bünyesinde barındıran kanunîlik ilkesi bakımından ciddi soru işaretleri yaratmaktadır.
YAPAY ZEKALI VARLIKLARA ELEKTRONİK KİŞİLİK MODELİ TANINMASINA İLİŞKİN EUROBOTICS RAPORU VE FİKRİ MÜLKİYET SORUNU BAĞLAMINDA MESELEYE YAKLAŞIM
Authors: ÖZKAN ŞAHİN Gizem , ŞAHİN Çağatay
Published: February 2022

Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle yapay zekâlı varlıkların artan otonomi düzeyleri, onlarla ilgili yeni bir hukuki statü belirlenmesi ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. Bu zamana dek “eşya yaklaşımı”yla yapay zekâlı varlıklara tanınan bu statü, bu varlıkların toplumsal alanda artan ağırlıklarıyla hukukun da bu varlıkların gelecekte gireceği başta ekonomik olmak üzere birtakım ilişkilerdeki temsillerinin çözüme kavuşturulması amacıyla onlara bir kişilik tanınması gerekliliğini beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu gereklilik karşısında yeni statü ihtiyacına bir yanıt olarak ortaya konan kişilik modelleri arasında yapay insan modeli, yapay vekil modeli, kölelik modeli ve elektronik kişilik modeli sayılabilir. Bu doğrultuda bir çözüm önerisi olarak Avrupa Parlamentosu’nun euRobotics raporunda tavsiye ettiği elektronik kişilik modelinin mevcut modeller arasında en kapsamlı kişilik modeli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışma, kişilik ve sorumluluk hukuku bakımından yapay zekâ teknolojisine önemli bir yenilik getireceği düşünülen elektronik kişilik modelinin aynı zamanda yapay zekâlı varlıkların ürettiği eser ve buluşların fikri mülkiyet bakımından kime ait kabul edileceği konusuna da somut bir çözüm olabileceği fikrinden hareket etmektedir.
Digital distribution of hospitality services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bovsh Liudmyla , Rasulova Alla , Bosovska Myroslava , Boiko Margaryta , Okhrimenko Alla
Published: February 2022

The rapid implementation of digital technologies in all spheres of society resulted from the evolution of consumer needs and IT breakthroughs, the acceleration of which was caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdowns restricted physical contacts in customer service, highlighting the urgent need to digitize the business. The difficulties in predicting socio-economic conditions of the pandemic have led to new opportunities and mechanisms for the distribution of services and the formation of economic stress resilience of economic entities. The study aims to reveal the essence of the digital distribution of hospitality services in the conditions of uncertainty caused by COVID-19. The study of services digital distribution gives awareness of the possibilities of their implementation in the activities of hospitality entities, which were considered in the context of business security and development drivers during COVID-19. To achieve the study’s goal, a comprehensive approach to the essence of digital technologies, including those specific to hospitality entities, was used. The results of the analysis allowed stating the economic feasibility of direct sales channels. In addition, prerequisites for the collaboration of hospitality entities with digital channels were determined, recommendatory markers of optimal relations with distributors using digital innovations in business were formed. Further, business strategy development took into account the peculiarities of mixing the niches of competition of business entities in digital format and traditional competition.
Acknowledgment The paper shows the author’s results within the frameworks of the study, performed in 2021−2023 at Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics at the request of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine “Digital transformation of trade, economic and tourist systems in Ukraine” (state registration number 0121U112231) and “Forecasting the impact of the tourism system on the country’s economy” (state registration number 0122U001559).
Theorizing Mamanuan Diaspora: from Vanishing Mediator to Performative Indigeneity
Authors:   Leyte Normal University, Tacloban City, Philippines, Kahambing Jan Gresil S.
Published: February 2022

The Mamanuas of Basey, Samar have been in an itinerant state since the 1950s. Their indigenous experience can be capped in the term ‘diaspora,’ which pictures their plight as dispersive habituation, moving from town to town away from their homeland. In a recent study which this paper hinges upon, the concept of diaspora can no longer work and is argued to imperatively function as a vanishing mediator so that indigeneity must come to mean as a constant identity of becoming. Following from such a theoretical lens, this paper delves again into the concept of ‘diaspora’ in the Mamanuan indigenous experience to argue further that its act of mediating functions as performative indigeneity. To do this, the paper runs in three parts: first, it plots the Mamanuan diaspora experience; second, it briefly reiterates the core argument of diaspora as vanishing mediator; and finally, it theorizes on a concept of what Judith Butler calls ‘performative indigeneity’ that takes its form from the mediation of an indigenous diaspora experience.
Natives’ Naivety vis-à-vis Settler’s Skepticism and Bible’s Belief: Restoring, ‘re-storying’ the Native Ceremony in Silko’s Ceremony
Authors:   Research Scholar, J C Bose University of Science & Technology, Faridabad., Devi Babita , Singh Divyajyoti , Verma Satinder Kumar
Published: February 2022

Missionaries were an important part of the colonizing mission. While the colonial armies committed massacres and subdued the militarily inferior Natives, the missionaries did a long lasting damage to the Native societies by obliterating their cultures. They not only converted the people, but also changed their worldview that was so important to them and the lands they lived in. The de-culturation of Natives is not only responsible for environmental problems, but also social problems like domestic violence and drinking. Recent studies have indicated that de-culturation of Natives is also responsible for endemic psycho-somatic problems of the Natives. The Native writers have understood that improvement in mental health of the Natives is directly associated with the resuscitation and restoration of Native culture. The literature written by the Natives works like an antidote against the atrocities committed by the whites. Leslie Marmon Silko’s novel Ceremony is an important work of literature that tries to resuscitate the native culture. The current paper is a study of Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony.
Towards a Theory of Graphic Medicine
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India–620015, Venkatesan Sathyaraj , Peter Anu Mary ,   Research Scholar, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India–620015
Published: February 2022

As a constructive derivative of several altruistic movements, such as narrative medicine, medical humanities and health humanities, graphic medicine is a nonconformist ideological inverse to the absolutism of medical knowledge. Exposing the limitations of biomedicine, which prioritises the voice of the physician, graphic medicine provides an inclusive approach towards medical conditions through its perspectival richness and experiential realities. Formulated as a means to express the voice of the marginalised community of sufferers, graphic medicine expedites creative and forceful articulation of the narratives of patients and caregivers, which were hitherto discarded as inauthentic by the existing medical system. As a wholesome methodology that equally values the subjective experiences of patients, physicians and caregivers, graphic medicine provides numerous ways of representing affective truths about illness conditions. Thus, by creating a mutually beneficial field of study for both biomedicine and humanities by yoking together medicine and comics, graphic medicine fosters an empathetic attitude towards human conditions. The present chapter traces the evolution of graphic medicine from the historical nexus of comics and medicine, through narrative medicine, to health humanities, and introduces graphic medicine as a cultural alternative to the existing paradigms of medical knowledge. Additionally, this chapter also aims to rationalise the unique aspects and cultural roles of graphic medicine?pedagogical, therapeutic, and community formational.
Bose: A Tryst with Press and Politics
Authors:   Ph.D Scholar, Amity University, School of Communication, Uttar Pradesh, Dutta Pritha , Roy Rajdeep ,   Asst. Professor Amity University,
Published: February 2022

The study examines the role of the press as a catalyst in the dominant portrayal of Subhas Bose as the political actor who has been arguably denied his rightful place in the annals of Indian history. The paper investigates the time plane in discourse analysis, the discursive strategies of social actors, and the extra- and supra-textual effects of mediated discourse (Carvalho, 2008) to advocate that press content on Bose is “shaped, pounded, constrained and encouraged by a multitude of forces” (Shoemaker, Reese, 1996). The paper critiques the discourse of The Statesman and Times of India in the light of the socio-political context and the published articles in 2015. This year was instrumental in marking a historical announcement that fundamentally influenced a seventy-year-long dialogue. The paper analyses the re-aligning of the nation’s narrative to create a public consensus incidental to the particular political dispensation of the day. It examines the positioning of Bose as an alternative to the dominant narrative of the national movement with Gandhi and Nehru as central protagonists.
Review Article: Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s The Forest of Enchantments: A Saga of Duty, Betrayal, Integrity and Honour
Authors:   Assistant Professor Department of English and Foreign Languages, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu., Saha Sukanya
Published: February 2022

Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni weaves the fabric of her Sitayan with strings essentially pulled out from Sage Valmiki’s Ramayan. She deftly accomplishes the dual task of adhering to the originality of this ancient text and introducing a renewed perception through which this epic could be reconsidered as base for moral standings. The images, characters, facts, and ideals of Ramayan are deep-seated in Indian consciousness and Banerjee infuses with it the enchanting quality of her storytelling to recreate them from Sita’s perspective. Her motifs are familiar yet molded to reverberate her stance. She adopted a novel approach anchored firmly in values inculcated through Ramayan. Her inversions often fringe on condemning lopsided judgements about moralities, yet she consciously eschews the prospects of remodeling the venerable narrative which the reader, yearning for happy endings, would have been thrilled to find though. Banerjee often stimulates a penetrating wish, a fond thought, about inverse turn of events during her narration. A sincere urge to experience the transformed fates of characters in Ramayan grows increasingly strong while reading The Forest of Enchantments.
Gerontological Issues in Bengali Film Dekha
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur,  India., Mandal Ashoke Kumar , Rai Shrikrishan
Published: February 2022

In the Indian context modernization, industrialization, urbanization, and westernization—‘the four horsemen of the modern apocalypse’ (Laurence Cohen, 1998:p.17) have a significant predicament in recent dimensions of gerontology. The problem relates to population ageing, controlled fertility, mortality rates and eventually the increase of life expectancy. The proliferation of old age home, extensive overseas migration, transnational dispersal of families, dissociation of the traditional multigenerational joint family, and simultaneous rise up of the nuclear family etc., are also some major causes behind the problems. These multidimensional interrelated challenges have been artistically shown in case of some old characters in Gautam Ghosh’s national award-winning Bengali film Dekha (2001). Particularly in the life of the protagonist, Sashibhusan Sanyal the problems have found differently added significance because of his disability (blindness).But his positive attitude to fight against the oddities of life contextualizes the film with a projection to highlight the old age problems from three main foci—biological, psychological, and social, to justify the relevance of the problematic. This paper argues the necessity of a consolidated progressive action by social scientists, policy makers and the elderly community to promote healthy and fruitful ageing at all spheres to counter the old age hazards.
A Clown’s Laughter Specificity: From “Anesthesia of Heart” to “Synesthesia of Love”
Authors:   Institute of Art Education and Cultural Studies of the Russian Academy of Education 119121, Moscow, Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 8/1, Semenova E.A.
Published: February 2022

The article provides insight into the insufficiently studied area of synesthesia in the art of clowning. The research methodology is based on the collection of essays by A. Berson “Laughter: an essay on the meaning of the comic”. Herein laughter is regarded as a social creative proofreader, which signals that the creative driving force has been lost in the phenomenon/process. Besides, the author refers to the theory of A.G. Kozintsev. It states that at the stage of the “language Rubicon”, anthropogenesis makes an evolutionary leap. After it, with the creation of language, a human being retains a direct two-element connection between signals and messages (inherited from animals), in particular, laughter. The latter is seen as something common between human being and animal. The difference is that a human responds to external signals not automatically, but selectively. The hypothesis of the study is that in the comic arts the connection between laughter stimulus and the response is formalized. The exception is the art of clowning, which goes beyond the comic, back to the tragic. It appears as a manifestation of human creative evolution, associated with the “language Rubicon”. The article makes a point that a clown’s laughter results from the multilevel structure of the psyche and is in a perfect step with “synesthesia of heart”, love and empathy for the clown’s character/masque. On the one hand, this unites it with the laughter of animals. On the other hand, this sharply distinguishes it by a strong feeling of laughter drama and tragedy. The laughter in a masque transforms tragedy into comedy. This gives reason to consider a clown’s laughter in terms of synesthesia and addiction. The article is based on the author’s report “Specificity of synesthesia as a form of world perception and worldview among satirists, comedians, clowns”, presented at the conference “The phenomenon of synesthesia in the interdisciplinary space of scientific knowledge” (October 22-23, 2018 in Moscow, Russia).
A One Health evaluation of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in Butaro Sector, Rwanda
Authors: Coughlin Laura L. , Schurer Janna M. , Umubyeyi Carene , Sijenyi Salome , Arif Khurram , Niyonkuru Vivianne Umuhire , Byiringiro Emmanuel , Lutz Naomi , Korukire Noel , Murcott Susan , Amuguni Hellen J.
Published: February 2022

In 2018, rural residents of northern Rwanda raised water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) access and availability as a community concern; however, no baseline information was available to prioritize communities for intervention. This study aimed to assess WASH for people and animals in four cells in Butaro Sector and to identify the cell with the lowest WASH access. This cross-sectional, quantitative study utilized telephone surveys to collect data. Households were randomly selected, and 539 male and female heads-of-household agreed to participate. Overall, 56.8% of households reported access to safe drinking water, but this differed significantly by cell (p < 0.001). Approximately half (54.2%) of respondents walked 30 min or longer to fetch water, travelling one or more times per day. Nearly all (98.5%) households reported the presence of sanitation infrastructure, most often a pit latrine. Across cells, animals experienced poorer access to clean water and sanitation than people. One cell, Gatsibo, reported the poorest overall access to WASH services. Multi-sector collaboration among public health, water authorities, and local leaders is needed to reduce travel times for fetching water and to ensure that all residents can access sufficient safe water to meet the health and hygiene needs of people and animals.
ACAT Inhibitors: Potential Anti-atherosclerotic Agents
Authors: Sliskovic Drago R. , Trivedi Bharat K.
Published: February 2022

The evolution of ACAT inhibitors •from purely hypocholestero­ lemic agents to potential anti-atherosclerdtic agents has occurred only recently.A large number of structurally diverse ACAT inhibitors were initially developed as hypocholesterolemic agets whose prime mechanism of action was inhibition of dietary cholesterol absorption in the intestine, however, efficacy for such non-absorbable agents, in humans, has remained elusive. Esterification of cholesterol within the hepatocyte has
been shown to be required for VLDL synthesis and secretion, and inhibition of ACAT within the artery wall may prove to be the "ultimate" anti-atherosclerotic mechanism by preventing the formation of cholesterol ester loaded macrophages (foam cells), the precursors of the fatty streak, an early lesion in the atherosclerotic process. Thus, more recently, there has been a concerted effort to design more bioavailable inhibitors capable of inhibiting the enzyme in the liver and artery wall.
Displaying direct efficacy at the artery wall for an ACAT inhibitor has been complicated by the fact that in pre-clinical animal models, it has been difficult to dissociate the effects of lipid lowering from a true direct effect at the artery wall. Recently, a novel ACAT inhibitor, Cl-976, has been disclosed which displays anti-atherosclerotic activity in an injured cholesterol fed rabbit model of atherosclerosis without exhibiting a cholesterol lowering effect.The SAR around Cl-976 and related series will be discussed and placed in context with other novel structural types of ACAT inhibitors appearing in the recent literature.
Strategies to Find Novel Angiogenesis Inhibitors as Potential
Therapeutic Agents for Cancer
Authors: Oikawa Tsutomu
Published: February 2022

The development of therapeutic agents with mechanisms of action different from those of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs is now required in the field of anti-cancer drug therapy, and different approaches to this problem have been made. Considerable attention has been paid to compounds able to interfere with tumor-related angiogenesis. This is due to (1) increasing evidence that both tumor growth and metastasis depend on angiogenesis, and (2) accumulated findings indicating that different types of
angiogenesis inhibitors can prevent these two phenomena. Now it is expected that treatment
involving angiogenesis inhibitors will become a new strategy for cancer therapy. This review concerns the approaches we have taken so far for finding novel angiogenesis inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for cancer.
Amino Acid and Peptide Approaches to Anti-sickling Agents
Authors: Currie Bruce L. , Johnson Michael E.
Published: February 2022

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that affects a large number of people throughout the world. This disease is very well understood at the molecular level, but for which there is still no effective treatment or cure. Phenylalanine, a natural amino acid, has long been known to inhibit the aggregation of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) that leads to the symptoms of sickle
cell anemia. However, phenylalanine is weakly potent and thus limited as a potential treatment. Various investigators have developed approaches that seek to improve the effectiveness of amino acid and peptide analogues as anti-sickling agents. These are discussed here in some detail, in addition to a summary of some recent approaches utilizing computer assisted drug design (CADD). CADDis used to understand the potential binding pockets on hemoglobin and to design effective ligands that are more potent as anti-sickling agents. Recently synthesized peptides are considerably more potent than phenylalanine and offer hope that an effective treatment can be developed soon.
Inositol Analogs as Potential Anticancer Therapeutics
Authors: Kozikowski A. P. , Fauq A. H. , Malaska M. J. , Tuckmantel W. , Ognyanov V. I. , Powis G.
Published: February 2022

The myo-inositol pathway is an attractive target for the control of cellular proliferation. Compounds which interfere with this pathway are potential targets for anticancer drug development. Chemical derivatives of selected intermediates along this pathway were constructed, including analogs of inositol, phosphatidylinositol and inositol phosphates. These
compounds were tested for their ability to effect metabolic regulation, intracellular Ca2+ release, as well as cellular trafficking. A number of these compounds were found to inhibit cell growth. The myo-inositol pathway as well as the biological activity of these novel inositol analogs is reviewed.
Atypical Antipsychotics Based on the D2/S-HT2 Ratio Hypothesis
Authors: Lowe John A.
Published: February 2022

Medicinal chemistry has played a major role in the improvement of antipsychotic therapy by helping to develop the 02/5-HT2 ratio hypothesis. Early pharmacological insights implicating a role for serotonin in schizophrenia by virtue of its control of the dopamine system have been tested by numerous combined 02/5-HT2 receptor antagonists. Recent work indicates that 5-HT2 receptor blockade can compensate for relatively weaker 02 receptor affinity, lessening the chance of side effects while maintaining antipsychotic efficacy. Many of the newer agents are poised to test the validity of the 02/5-HT2 ratio hypothesis in the clinic.
Editorial
Authors: Atta-ur-Rahman
Published: February 2022

The exciting advances made in the physical sciences during the current century have provided mankind with a deeper understanding of many of nature·s fascinating processes. The most important discoveries have been made in the study of biological processes at the molecular level and are illustrated by such examples as the unravelling of the molecular basis of heredity, the growing understanding of the immune system, the functioning of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems etc. These developments have led to important advances in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug development. There has therefore arisen the urgent need of a review journal which would publish in-depth reviews in frontier areas of medicinal chemistry, and keep scientists in the field abreast with recent developments. It is hoped that Current Medicinal Chemistry will adequately meet this need. The association of a large number of eminent scientists from the pharmaceutical industry and universities as members of the International Advisory Board and as contributing authors should ensure that the highest quality is maintained.
The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Autoimmune, Neurodegenerative, Cardiovascular, and Imprinting Disorders
Authors: Nepali Kunal , Liou Jing Ping , Sharma Ram , Sharma Sachin , Thakur Amandeep , Singh Arshdeep , Singh Jagjeet
Published: February 2022

Epigenetic mutations like aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications, or RNA silencing are found in a number of human diseases. This review article discusses the epigenetic mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disorders, auto-immune disorder, and genomic imprinting disorders. In addition, emerging epigenetic therapeutic strategies for the treatment of such disorders are presented. Medicinal chemistry campaigns highlighting the efforts of the chemists invested towards the rational design of small molecule inhibitors have also been included. Pleasingly, several classes of epigenetic inhibitors, DNMT, HDAC, BET, HAT, and HMT inhibitors along with RNA based therapies have exhibited the potential to emerge as therapeutics in the longer run. It is quite hopeful that epigenetic modulator-based therapies will advance to clinical stage investigations by leaps and bounds.
Syntheses and Applications of N-halamines Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Jia Zhiqian , Peng Wenjuan , Zhang Tianqi , Hao Shuang , Xu Xin , Chen Yili , Li Suoding , Wen Jianping
Published: February 2022

Harmful microorganisms are widely present in the surrounding environment, causing a
large number of infectious diseases in human society and serious negative effects on human life. In
order to resist the damage of harmful microorganisms, antimicrobial agents that inhibit the growth of
microorganisms came into being. This review aimed to encompass current syntheses and applications
of N-halamines antimicrobial agents in the past five years, highlighting recent significant breakthroughs.
This review included an introduction to the classification of antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial
mechanisms, syntheses, and applications of small molecular N-halamines and N-halamines polymers.
And finally, the conclusion and outlooks of N-halamines antimicrobial agents were provided.
Indacaterol Acetate/Glycopyrronium Bromide/Mometasone Furoate: A Combination Therapy for Asthma
Authors: Papi Alberto , Kostikas Konstantinos , Nikolaev Ivan , Kottakis Ioannis
Published: February 2022

Despite the wide range of available therapies, asthma remains uncontrolled in 40-65% of patients for a number of different reasons. Treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) is rec-ommended in the Global Initiative for Asthma 2021 report for patients across all asthma severities, with treatment options combining an ICS with a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) or a LABA and a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), depending on disease severity. Based on this, the avail-ability of a single inhaler fixed-dose ICS/LABA/LAMA combination is a major need in asthma management. Indacaterol acetate/glycopyrronium bromide/mometasone furoate has been developed as a once-daily inhaled asthma treatment that combines an ICS (mometasone furoate), a LABA (in-dacaterol acetate), and a LAMA (glycopyrronium bromide) in a formulation delivered using the dry powder inhaler Breezhaler®, for patients with uncontrolled asthma on medium- or high-dose ICS/LABA. This article provides an overview of the different and complementary mechanisms of action and the clinical effectiveness of the monocomponents of the indacaterol/glycopyrronium/ mometasone furoate fixed combination and highlights the benefits of using the three agents in com-bination in patients with moderate and severe asthma.
Recent Advancements in Techniques used to Solve the RSU Deployment
Problem in VANETs: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Sharma Ayushi , Pandey Kavita
Published: February 2022

Vehicular ad hoc network makes use of Roadside Unit to boost the communication ability
and provide internet access to vehicles. Unfortunately, in big cities with dense road network topology,
wireless propagation is disrupted due to several obstacles. Hence, a crowded RSU deployment is required
for full coverage of the urban environment. However, the installation cost of RSU is immense;
researchers thought of solving this issue as an optimization problem whose objective is to cover all
parts of the roads with a minimum number of RSUs, in return reducing the cost of the entire VANET
deployment. In this article, a brief account has been given on VANET and its challenges, followed by
a survey of different methods introduced to solve the RSU deployment problem. It will help the reader
to get a quick glance at the progress made in the field over the years.
Examination of Parent-Child Communication in Terms of Various Variables in The COVID-19 Lockdown Process: Sample of Turkey
Authors: ARAS DOĞAN Şenay , KASIMOĞLU Necla
Published: February 2022

Objectives: This research was conducted to examine parent-child communication in the COVID-19 lockdown process in terms of various variables. Methods: The study was conducted as a descriptive, cross-sectional study before the COVID 19 vaccination program in Turkey between May 1 and June 1, 2020. The sample of the study consisted of 1151 parents with children between the ages of 0-18. The data were collected using “Introductory Information Form” and “The Parent-Child Communication Scale (PCCS)”. Results: It was determined that the PCCS average score of parents who go out every day (109.68±10.32) during the COVID-19 lockdown process was significantly lower than the average score of the parents who never (113.27±8.35) and very rare (113.44±8.80) go out. It was found that the communication level of the parents who spent more than 3 hours with their children was better and more than half of the parents stated that spent more than 3 hours with their child (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It was found that there was an increase in the time parents spent with their children during the COVID-19 lockdown process.
Building a Police Service in Challenging and Changing Times
Authors: Hyland Jennifer
Published: February 2022

On November 25, 2021, Deputy Chief Cst. Jennifer Hyland, with the Surrey Police Service (Canada), presented on Building a Police Service in Challenging and Changing Times at the 2021 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question and answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed included the development of a new policing service in a developing city with a diverse community such as Surrey, community policing, and practicing a healthy policing culture within the police force in order for it to be reflected externally in the community.
Editorial
Authors: Nonato Emanuel do Rosário Santos
Published: February 2022

Os desafios da Educação Brasileira em 2022 são, ao mesmo tempo, uma continuidade do longo processo de luta em prol da universalização da educação pública, gratuita e de qualidade, em todos os níveis e modalidades de Educação. Esse processo encarna os melhores ideais dos educadores brasileiros, bem como reflete a singularidade de um ano letivo marcado simultaneamente pela necessidade de construir alternativas consistentes depois de dois anos de pandemia da COVID-19 com todas as suas implicações e pela característica única de encerrar em si dois eventos de grande magnitude que não deixarão de marcá-lo indelevelmente: o bicentenário da Independência do Brasil e as eleições gerais da república. É com este pano de fundo que a Revista da FAEEBA – Educação e Contemporaneidade se apresenta à Comunidade Científica com o lançamento de seu n. 65: “Educação, Ensino Remoto Emergencial e Tecnologias”. O tema do dossiê que compõe o n. 65, por atual, dispensa justificativa. Como pesquisadores em Educação, nossos compromissos com a Ciência e com o Brasil convergem nesse esforço, do qual este número temático é parte, pela construção de um referencial capaz de subsidiar os educadores em suas práticas durante a pandemia e permitir a melhor apropriação crítica do conhecimento produzido por todos os educadores durante estes tempos singulares nos processos educativos pós-pandêmicos
Coreografias de aprendizagem no ensino remoto emergencial
Authors: Costa Maria Adélia da
Published: February 2022

Apresenta neste texto o resultado de uma pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa, realizada em um curso de formação contínua de professores da educação profissional e tecnológica, para o trabalho docente no ensino remoto. O objetivo foi identificar coreografias de aprendizagem inovadoras, mediadas pelas tecnologias digitais. Foram convidados por e-mail, a participar dessa pesquisa, 86 professores que haviam concluído o curso promovido pela Escola de Desenvolvimento de Servidores, de uma instituição pública federal. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, cuja coleta dos dados consistiu-se na participação da pesquisadora em 04 encontros síncronos do curso e na aplicação de um formulário online para a complementação dos resultados, visando ao alcance do objetivo proposto. Além disso, consultou-se os materiais didáticos como os portfólios dos alunos, os diálogos e todos os arquivos postados na turma virtual do Google Classroom, uma vez que devido ao isolamento social o curso foi assíncrono com momentos síncronos. Para os momentos síncronos utilizou-se a plataforma da Microsoft Teams. As análises indicam que houve um aprendizado docente em relação ao uso das tecnologias digitais para a elaboração de coreografias favoráveis a uma aprendizagem mais ativa, autônoma e inovadora.
Ensino Remoto, Junventude e BNCC
Authors: Casagrande Ana Lara , Alonso Kátia Morosov
Published: February 2022

Este artigo problematiza o processo de ensino-aprendizagem no Ensino Médio, em face da construção do Documento de Referência Curricular para Mato Grosso para a etapa e do ensino remoto, estratégia frente à recomendação de distanciamento social por conta da pandemia da Covid-19. Por meio da abordagem qualitativa do método pesquisa documental, com triangulação de fontes, aborda-se a conectividade da juventude, público-alvo do Ensino Médio, em contraposição às dificuldades observadas no ensino remoto e o percurso de construção do referencial curricular do Ensino Médio no estado de Mato Grosso, situando-o como parte dos desafios do período pós-pandemia, dadas as alterações que congrega. Constatamos a necessidade de debater investimento em educação pública, situar a aprendizagem do jovem como foco das preocupações curriculares no período pós-pandemia, na ótica de priorizar seu aprendizado e não retroceder quanto às metas fundamentais postas no Plano Nacional de Educação.
Cultura digital e ensino de literatura
Authors: Mendes Nataniel , Silva Elizabeth Corrêa da
Published: February 2022

Neste trabalho objetivamos refletir criticamente sobre as interseções entre cultura digital o ensino de literatura. Por meio da netnografia e da revisão bibliográfica, apresentamos algumas possibilidades para o trabalho em torno dos textos literários. Essas possibilidades são cotejadas com a análise de enunciados presentes na Netflix, YouTube e Twitter. Esse movimento resulta em ponderações necessárias ao exercício da docência, que são discutidas nesta investigação a partir do conceito de reificação.