bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Place of Memory
Authors: Gallagher Mary
Published: November 2023

French Caribbean writers appear more preoccupied with memory than with history, and more interested, perhaps, in collective than in personal memory. If we take memory to be, potentially at least, discontinuous and non exploited, then the French Caribbean concern with memory resonates with the heightened disjunctive and digressive movement felt to characterize Caribbean time. How, then, is memory written of in the French Caribbean? How does its mobilization resonate with the tendency observed in the previous chapter to translate temporal parameters into spatial paradigms? Is obsession with memory linked to fixation on place? To what extent is memory perceived as being more hospitable than history towards the expression of lived time, or better adapted to the life of consciousness? And is it because of their perception that access to the historical past is highly problematic that Caribbean writers honor the more modest heuristic claims of memory?.
French Connection, Metropolitan Mirror
Authors: Gallagher Mary
Published: November 2023

The Caribbean is a field-a ‘champ d’tles’2.-upon which many other spaces exert powerful forces of attraction or appropriation. How do these tiny spaces accommodate such pulls? How, for example, do French Caribbean writers balance the call of Africa, Europe, or other parts of the so-called ‘New World’ against the need to dwell in and on the Caribbean itself? Is it not so that the Caribbean is axiomatically relational, and that it inevitably seeps out, leaking into other spaces, its own reach being too restricted and its past too impacted for autonomy to be a plausible option?
‘New World’ Synchrony: Imagining the Local
Authors: Gallagher Mary
Published: November 2023

In his noted study The Black Atlantic, Paul Gilroy concentrates on transatlantic movement between the ‘New World’ and the ‘Old World’, thus limiting the scope of his resonant title. This neglect of Atlantic crossings within the ‘New World’ is faithful, however, to the binary thrust of Gilroy’s subtitle, which refers to ‘double conscious ness’. The decision to focus on the ‘image of ships in motion across the spaces between Europe, America, Africa, and the Caribbean’2. perhaps prevents Gilroy’s study from validating the specificity, the potential, and meaning of ‘New World’ relationality as revealed in intra-American circulation. For such gravitation towards other parts of the ‘New World’ could, perhaps, counterbalance the obsessive triangulation that Edouard Glissant once stigmatized as imprisoning the Caribbean mind within the dead-end orientations of the ‘Detour’
Negotiating Consumerism: The Dilemmas of Behaviour Literature, 1953–2000
Authors: Kelly Catriona
Published: November 2023

In 1976, the Russian émigré writer Vera Dunham published an extraordinary and eloquent study of Soviet culture, In Stalin’s Time: Middle-Class Values in Soviet Fiction. She argued that the Soviet system had lasted not because of its commitment to radical idealism, but because Soviet leaders had been able to manipulate popular opinion by crafting a new kind of social contract, one based, unlike Rousseau’s, on the cultivation of materialist self-interest rather than the assurance of basic human rights.
Bouchet’S Poetry
Authors: Armstrong Adrian
Published: November 2023

Jean Bouchet’s proliic literary career spanned some sixty years, during which print became the dominant medium of transmission for French poetry. Very few manuscripts of Bouchet’s work survive, perhaps partly because Bouchet was never a court poet proper and was therefore less likely to invest in presentation manuscripts for his works. However, unlike Lemaire, Bouchet was able to participate in the publication of most of his works long after their irst editions. After Paris printers published pirate editions of his earliest poetry, he had the irst editions of his material printed irst in Paris and then, from 1518, in his home town of Poitiers, though later editions often appeared elsewhere. First editions usually bore a privilege; later in Bouchet’s career, these were granted to Bouchet himself rather than to printers.
Stars and Masculinities In Spanish Cinema
Authors: Perriam Chris
Published: November 2023

Stars and Masculinities in Spanish Cinema focuses on the careers of ten Spanish film actors, including Antonio Banderas, Javier Bardem, and Eduardo Noriega. Chris Perriam traces their development as stars in the Spanish context and builds on recent, exciting work on Spanish film and culture by combining close study of performance in specific scenes with the theoretical paradigms of Star Studies and research into masculinities. Full use of popular and intellectual press coverage of these actors grounds the approach in the certain specifics of Spanish audience responses and production contexts in the period covered—more or less from Almodòvar’s Labyrinth of Passion to the latest premieres. Scenes from thirty key films are covered in detail, and the full range of each star’s Spanish career is studied by briefer reference to some seventy films or more. Spanish cinema is among the most exciting and distinctive cinemas in Europe and this new study is a key contribution to the growing fields of Spanish Cultural and Film Studies.
Jordi Molló (b. 1968)
Authors: Perriam Chris
Published: November 2023

Although arguably less glamorous than the other stars considered here, and in at least one authoritative dictionary (Borau 1998: 590) considered a secondary player, Jordi Molló has a very rapidly rising profile in the 1990s (see Filmography), and his name is aligned with major successes in the national cinema such as Jamón, jamón (1992) (with cumulative audience figures of over 670,000) Segunda piel I Second Skin (1999) (550,000), and Nadie conoce a nadie I Nobody Knows Anyone (1999) (with box office sales across fourteen countries, and significant DVD distribution). Despite his downbeat and studiously serious (and not universally liked) public image, indeed, Molló is one of only three names, along with Bardem and Cruz, associated in a recent major stock-taking dossier with a putative Spanish star system and cited as one of the industry’s principal box-office draws (Fotogramas 2000: 220).
Jorge Sanz (b. 1969)
Authors: Perriam Chris
Published: November 2023

Jorge Sanz, though born only in 1969, has the longest career of the actors discussed in this book, with two key directors underpinning his career in the 1980s and 1990s, Vicente Aranda and Fernando Trueba. He had already begun to be dubbed galán by his early twenties (Gracia 1992) in the wake of roles played opposite Victoria Abril in Si te dicen que caí / If They Tell You I Fell (Aranda, 1989) (winning the Goya for Best Actor) and Aranda’s television serial Jinetes del alba (Riders of the Dawn) (1990: adapted from Jesus Fernandez Santos’ novel of the same name). Starting his career at the age of 9, by 15 he had played in ten features within and beyond the Spanish film industry.
Older and Younger Recensions of the First Novgorod Chronicle
Authors: Timberlake Alan
Published: November 2023

The First Novgorod Chronicle is attested in two recensions, one ‘older’ and the other ‘younger’. It is an intriguing puzzle—one that has not been sufficiently recognized as such—that the two recensions are fundamentally similar throughout the three centuries of text they share, yet occasionally offer different readings. To elaborate, it will be useful to give some background about the two recensions. The older recension is a single manuscript, the Synodal codex (hereafter, ‘Novg,s’). The main part of this manuscript begins in medias res in 1o16 and reports events up to 1330. The extant manuscript has twenty-one numbered quires of eight leaves each. The first of these is numbered 17, implying that the initial sixteen quires have been lost. There is a gap between 1 273 and 1 298. It had long been assumed that the manuscript was written in three hands, but it has recently been argued that the first two hands are really one, and that the whole manuscript is actually written in two hands.
Franciscus Valsingamius: a Theological Drama of the Poznań Counter-Reformation
Authors: Murphy G Martin
Published: November 2023

Recent studies have shown that Jesuit college drama, far from being a mere byway of literary history, is an important source for the history of the Counter-Reformation. Polish Jesuit theatre in particular has been the subject of extensive scholarly research in recent years. One of the most important sources of play texts is codex R 380 in the library of the university of Uppsala, comprising eight early seventeenth-century plays from the college at Poznań. After the capture of that city in 1655 the contents of the college library, some 8,000 volumes in all, were removed to Sweden by Klas Ralamb, a general in the service of Charles X Gustavus, and in 1693 they came into the possession of the university of Uppsala. The first major study of the contents of codex R 380 was published in 1931 by A. Stender-Petersen, who included lengthy extracts in his general account.
Crossings, Returns: Césaire’s Cahier D’Un Retour Au Pays Natal
Authors: Suk Jeannie
Published: November 2023

The grand dimensions of the voyage across the ocean provide the imagination with an endless expanse for literary inscription. Travel from one side of the oceanic expanse to another finds in its literary representation all the momentousness and anxiety of failure that it tends to lack in today’s world of air travel. An ever-familiar trope in European literature of travel is the exotic voyage that puts the alienated traveller back in touch with his essential self, with an authenticity that is lost to Europe.
The Social Context
Authors: Wilson Blake
Published: November 2023

Throughout the history of republican Florence conflict has been both a debilitating and a generative force. The ceaseless clash of factions was a constant source of both private and public misery to Florentines, yet this strife could also be transformed in a society that drew vitality from the ebb and flow of a highly politicized environment.

One of the most generative conflicts of this society was, broadly speaking, that between sacred and secular forces, between a church shaped to the needs of a feudal, rural society, and a burgeoning mercantile, urban society that required a fundamental redefinition of religious practice and belief The inhabitants of Europe’s young cities, and above all the most numerous and characteristic of them, the guildsmen, proposed an entirely new ordo to late medieval society.
Lauda-Singing and the Laudesi Company in Florence
Authors: Wilson Blake
Published: November 2023

The early history of institutional lauda-singing in Florence belongs to the second half of the thirteenth century. Most of the laudesi companies (and there were at least twelve by the fourteenth century) were founded in the two decades between 1270 and 1290, and had either developed directly from, or were modelled upon, the older Marian congregations established by St Peter Martyr in 1244–5.

The manner in which lauda-singing developed during the years between 1244 and c.1270 is unclear. The Marian and anti-heretical nature of many early lauda texts suggests that the earliest confraternity laude were composed immediately in the wake of inquisition activity like that of St Peter Martyr, and then became an expanded and specialized devotion as heresy declined in the late thirteenth century (by c.1265 in Florence).
The Grand Tour (I): London (1764–1765)
Authors: Zaslaw Neal
Published: November 2023

Given the role of symphonies in Salzburg’s musical life, the infant Wolfgang undoubtedly heard them performed. Certainly he was not closeted away from public music-making, which would have been contrary to Leopold’s policy of educating his son by allowing him to hear a wide range of music. Evidence of Wolfgang’s early participation in events that included symphonies is found in the libretto of Eberlin’s oratorio Sigismundus Hungariae rex, performed in the Great Hall of Salzburg University on 1 and 3 September 1761, which lists the almost six year-old child among the performers.1 Wolfgang may also have heard symphonies during a brief visit to Munich early in 1762, although this is speculation. During a short stay in Vienna half a year later he not only heard symphonies but understood something about them, for a letter of 19 May 1763 from there reported, ‘We fall into utter amazement on seeing a boy aged six at the keyboard and hearing him … accompany at sight symphonies, arias, and recitatives at the great concerts.’2 Not long afterwards, during the Mozarts’ grand tour to Mannheim, Paris, London, and Holland, Wolfgang heard a wide variety of symphonies and became interested in composing them.
Mannheim and Paris: Frustration (1777–1778)
Authors: Zaslaw Neal
Published: November 2023

On 23 September 1777 Mozart and his mother left Salzburg for Mannheim, in the hope of finding him a position there or at some other court. Although he was twenty-one years old, his father did not trust his judgement sufficiently to permit him to undertake the journey on his own. As the Mozarts’ finances were strained, Leopold had to stay at home to continue his salary, and sent his wife. She proved unable to handle her impulsive, headstrong son, and the trip was a disaster, for Mozart not only failed to obtain a post, but he composed relatively little, ran his father into considerable debt, and his mother succumbed to illness.
Performance Practice
Authors: Zaslaw Neal
Published: November 2023

It has been argued that, as modern listeners can never hear with eighteenth-century cars, attempts at historical reconstruction (or so-called ‘authentic’ performance) are preordained to failure. This argument maintains that, even if we could fully re create eighteenth-century sounds, their effect on us would not be what it was on listeners two hundred years ago. Hence ‘authentic’ performance, if sought at all, ought to be concerned with modern sounds that have an effect on us analogous to the effect which the eighteenth-century sounds had upon eighteenth-century listeners. But even though this argument is based on a sound premiss, it reaches questionable conclusions. A brief discussion of this vexed topic may therefore usefully serve as preface to an examination of the orchestral practices of Mozart’s time.
Rousseau, the Countess, and the Female Domain
Authors: Hunter Mary
Published: November 2023

Towards the end of Rousseau’s La Nouvelle Héloåse the ardent but reformed lover Saint-Preux (the Abelard figure in Rousseau’s retelling of the story) wanders into the garden of Julie D’Étange, his former partner in a torrid affair, who is now the exemplary wife of an omniscient and model husband Monsieur de Wolmar.
The Mozarts’ Salzburg Music Library
Authors: Eisen Cliff
Published: November 2023

The reconstruction and description of music libraries, whether institutional, commercial, or private, has traditionally been a respected musicological endeavour, and for good reason: libraries apparently open otherwise closed doors onto the aesthetic and performance predispositions of different times, places, and societies. In the case of individual composers, they seem to offer unequivocal evidence for the musical taste, acquaintance, and education of their owners, or to establish putative influence. Mozart figured prominently in nineteenth-century libraries, for both musical and antiquarian interest. Daniel Gottlob Türk, for example, owned copies of the Requiem, the Da Ponte operas, Idomeneo, Die Zauberflöte, the quartets and quintets, several piano concertos, and many of the accompanied and unaccompanied sonatas. Beethoven not only had printed editions of the Requiem, operas, and late quartets, but he also copied out by hand selections from the quartets K. 387 and 464, the Symphony K. 550, the Fantasie K. 608, the Adagio and Fugue K. 426, and the Piano Trio K. 496, among others. Similarly, an 1844 inventory of Mendelssohn’s library lists all the operas of the 1780s, scores of the quartets, and a copy of the ‘Jupiter’ Symphony; he also owned the autograph of the fragmentary sonata movement K. 312. Brahms at one time owned the autographs of the G minor Symphony K 550 and two of the minuets and trios of K. 164.
Music and Culture in Late Renaissance Italy
Authors: Fenlon Iain
Published: November 2023

Dr Fenlon explores the role music played in the cultural, religious, and political upheavals of late Renaissance Italy, revealing how musical activity of all kinds was instrumentalized by those in power. Focusing on the second half of the sixteenth century - a period still often regarded as one of decline and degeneration after the achievements of the Quattrocento and before the calamità d'Italia - the author argues that Italian culture did not lose its vigour after 1530, but underwent a transformation, as both individuals and institutions reacted to new economic, political, and religious circumstances.
Music and Civic Piety in Counter-Reformation Milan
Authors: Fenlon Iain
Published: November 2023

The years immediately after the conclusion of the Council of Trent saw profound change in the structure of the Church, particularly at diocesan level. On the one hand old institutions were revitalized and renewed to enable them to discharge the functions for which they were originally designed, while on the other new bodies were created to further the aims of reform. Beyond this general pattern of response there was no uniformity of approach; reform initiatives in different parts of Italy took on a variety of styles in reflection of the temperaments and personalities of the different churchmen charged with instituting reform at a local level. Not even the most famous exemplum of ecclesiastical reorganization, that of Carlo Borromeo in Milan, was widely used as a model, though this is not to deny his enormous contemporary prestige.
Scipione Gonzaga: A ‘Poor’ Cardinal in Rome
Authors: Fenlon Iain
Published: November 2023

If Scipione Gonzaga is remembered at all today, it is most likely for his friendship and patronage of Torquato Tasso, as the dedicatee of the poet’s youthful Discorsi dell’arte poetica (Pl. 5.1) and one of his dialogues, the transcriber (in the crucial year 1575) of all the stanzas of the Liberata then available to him, and as the editor of the celebrated edition of the full text of the poem brought out by the Mantuan printer Osanna in 1584. Of his own literary efforts little remains.
Music Criticism in Vienna 1896-1897
Authors: Mccoll Sandra
Published: November 2023

Music Criticism in Vienna records a culture in which musical criticism had achieved the status of a minor art form. The period covered - October 1896 to December 1897 - was an eventful time in Vienna. Bruckner died, then Brahms; Mahler arrived; premieres of works by Czech composers coincided with increasing tension in the Empire between Czechs and Germans; Puccini's La Boheme reached Vienna on its sensational progress around the world; and the great programme music debate continued. These events and issues were recorded and debated by some two dozen critics ranging from Eduard Hanslick, widely credited with (and blamed for) raising music criticism to an art, to Heinrich Schenker. The focus of Sandra McColl's monograph is unashamedly on the critics themselves, and her reconstruction of the climate of debate about whatever music or musicians came to their notice. She illuminates the intellectual climate in which the music was created, performed and received, and provides a foundation for the study of musical criticism in the post-Hanslick generation.
The Dramatic Pastorale and Pastorale en Musique
Authors: Powell John S
Published: November 2023

While isolated examples of pastoral plays appeared in France during the Middle Ages, native pastoral drama, like ballet de cour, had its true beginning in the latter part of the sixteenth century and reached fruition during the reign of Louis XIII. The Renaissance pastorale came to France from Italy and Spain, primarily through the French translations of Jacopo Sannazaro’s Arcadia (1505; trans. 1544), Jorge de Montemayor’s Diana (c.1560; trans. 1578), Torquato Tasso’s Aminta (1581; trans. 1584), Giambattista Guarini’s Il Pastor fido (1585; trans. 1595), and Luigi Grata’s fl Pentimento amoroso (trans. 1590).
The Mythological Pastorale and Pastoral Opera
Authors: Powell John S
Published: November 2023

The performances of ltalian operas in Paris, with their magnificent sets, breath-taking machine effects, and the rapid set-changes devised by the machine wizard Giacomo Torelli, brought about a transformation in French stagecraft of the latter 1640s. While rudimentary special effects (as described by Bruscambille) had been part of French theatre since the late sixteenth century, Rossi’s Oifeo and its ‘marvellous set-changes, machines, and other inventions until now unknown in France’ galvanized Parisian stage-designers. When the old Marais playhouse was destroyed by fire in 1644, the actors built a new theatre designed for the pro¬ duction of pieces a grand spectacle.
Samuel Wesley and the Music Profession
Authors: Olleson Philip
Published: November 2023

‘Making a Living’, Chapter of Cyril Ehrlich’s The Music Profession in Britain,’ deals with the lives of professional musicians in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth n:nturies. A central part of the chapter is his discussion of three ‘success stories’: R. J. S. Stevens (1757–1837), William Crotch (1775–1847), and Sir George Smart (1776–1867). Although their careers took markedly different courses, all three rose from humble origins to achieve considerable fame and fortune by a combination of natural talent, hard work, and a dear understanding of the mechanisms of social advancement in the music profession.
‘Wise men from the East’: Mozart’s Operas and their Advocates in Early Nineteenth-Century London
Authors: Cowgill Rachel
Published: November 2023

I have seen the West End, the parks, the fine squares, but I love the City far better. The City seems so much more in earnest: its business, its rush, its roar, are such serious things, sights and sounds. the City is getting its living—the West End but enjoying its pleasure. At the West End you may be amused, but in the City you are deeply excited.
Sainsbury’s Dictionary, the Royal Academy of Music, and the Rhetoric of Patriotism
Authors: Langley Leanne
Published: November 2023

The Allied victory at Waterloo, in June 1815, put an end to more than twenty years of conflict with Revolutionary and Napoleonic France. It also put thousands of Britons out of a job in an economic depression that lasted until 1821.’ Odd as it may seem, the nation that had the Duke of Wellington and commanded a supreme position in the world felt no euphoria at wars’ end. On the contrary, a kind of social malaise and general uncertainty characterized national life in Britain for two decades.
‘Here will we sit’: The Creation of the Ulster Hall
Authors: Johnston Roy
Published: November 2023

The big, secular, centrally placed hall was an important feature of the mature town of the Industrial Revolution. It was temple to Mammon, status symbol, auditorium, and money-maker. While is imposing architecture might have regard to local circumstances, equally important was that it should proclaim the town’s membership of the urban league. The principal practical reason for building it was to provide an assembly space. Like the great churches and monasteries, palaces, and big houses of earlier times, it celebrated the provider and also issued a challenge to future generations to keep it fully used. An essential component of the case for its erection was that it should produce financial gain.
Edward Dannreuther and the Orme Square Phenomenon
Authors: Dibble Jeremy
Published: November 2023

Perhaps one of the most remarkable things about Edward Dannreuther, concert promoter, piano virtuoso, teacher, scholar, and composer, is that his name is today hidden ‘under a bushel’, aptly reflecting the modesty of a man who shunned publicity, preferring to spend his life in semi-seclusion. Yet during the late nineteenth century he was one of London’s, indeed one of the nation’s, most respected and elevated musicians, associated with all that was new, progressive, and intellectual—the very epitome of Klesmer, George Eliot’s bold and cerebral pianist in Daniel.
Cyril Ehrlich: Before The Piano
Authors: Elkan Walter , Roberts Andrew D
Published: November 2023

Few people succeed in fitting two very successful careers into less than one lifetime. This chapter is intended for readers who know little about Cyril Ehrlich’s back ground or his earlier career as an economic historian of Africa. A celebraion of Cyril’s achievement would be incomplete without at least a brief account of this earlier part of his life.
Remembering and the Sound of Words
Authors: Piette Adam
Published: November 2023

Radical Satire and Print Culture 1790-1822 focuses on the work produced collaboratively between 1816 and 1822 by the poet and radical journalist William Hone and the brilliant young graphic satirist George Cruikshank. Dr Wood provides a much needed analytical framework for Regency radical satire uncovering a set of new sources and previously unknown cultural contexts for Hone and Cruikshank's work, which is shown to combine modernity and tradition in thrilling ways. Hone fused the literary and political inheritance of eighteenth-century satire with contemporary developments in advertising , popular publishing and mass marketing; Cruikshank combined the sophisticated conventions of the political print with the most up-to-date methods of advertizing, politics and propaganda. Entertaining and original, this is an important contribution to the study of radical satire, which sheds new light on the relations between popular political authors and graphic artists and the major Romantic writers of the period.
Introduction
Authors: Spearing A C
Published: November 2023

Dreaming is a form of sleeping experience that simulates waking experience: it occupies the whole field of consciousness and is extended (however illogically) in the dimensions of space and time; but, so far as I can recapture it in memory, it has a number of characteristics that differentiate it from being awake. Though sometimes extremely vivid, dreaming is in general elusive, and less easily remembered than waking experience.
Self as Text: The Political Agenda
Authors: Worthington Kim L
Published: November 2023

Human beings are to be understood as texts: this metaphoric claim has frequently been made by contemporary critical theorists for whom the acts of writing and interpretation which constitute textual meaning are thought to be paradigmatic of the conceptual processes through which we come to know ourselves and our world: in thinking myself, I write (and read) a text of self. So conceived, the self-reflective act of introspection is one of hermeneutic endeavour, not of factual discovery, and self-knowledge is subject to precisely the same limitations of doubt and uncertainty which characterize all interpretations. In our century, linguistic scepticism has become intimately bound up with concerns about selfhood, personal agency, and individual autonomy, for it is claimed that only through language and acts of (linguistic) inter pretation do we arrive at a conception of who we are. Increasingly, in a variety of disciplines, theorists have recognized language as the epistemological (and some would say ontological) foundation of subjectivity. Only through the medium of language, it is argued, can we come to know what it means to be human, or, even more devastatingly, do we know that we are. Ever more frequently, (meaningful) being is situated in the linguistic processes of intel lection.
Feminist Linguistic Determinism
Authors: Worthington Kim L
Published: November 2023

Linguistic creat1v1ty has been celebrated by a number of recent feminist theorists, who extol the virtues of creative play in the texts of literature and society. In this chapter I want to look at the way in which feminists have utilized the insights of poststructuralist theory in order to bolster such a position. But the absorption of poststructuralist claims into feminist theory is problematic. What seems to be at issue is a fundamental conflict between the emancipatory impulses of feminism and the deterministic ethos that ostensibly underlies the poststructuralist theories to which many contemporary feminists are attracted. In much recent feminist theory we find an uneasy merging of conceptions of the (female) subject as a political agent and as a decentred social construct. In some cases, poststructuralist theories of decentred subjectivity are harnessed to drive forward the liberationist claims of feminism. The reasons for this perhaps unlikely alliance, and the problems which arise from it, are instructive.
Speaking (for) One’s Self: J.M. Coetzee’s Foe
Authors: Worthington Kim L
Published: November 2023

There persists in some contemporary theory the idealistic dream for, or deceptive invocation of, the unconditional liberty of an auto nomous’I’, an’I’ whose authenticity is unlimited by expectations of narrative continuity and the constraints of identity realized through time. What theorists in this mould are keen to discover (or encourage) in the contemporary fiction they analyse is a move towards the release of the previously bound’identities’ of traditional narrative (the identities of characters, readers, authors, and texts) into a state of existential emancipation which is uncircumscribed by expectations of continuity or referentiality. In their wishful insistence on the possibility of escape from conventional narrative restraints, these theorists appear to avoid (or evade) the consequences for notions of morality and agency which are encouraged by the provocation of unlicensed interpretative liberty. The assumptive optimism of such claims is quite insupportable. It promises the unattainable by imagining that we can meaningfully deny or escape frameworks of meaning altogether, encouraging the belief that we can simply side-step the (potentially restrictive) enclosures of convention and still retain the value of this strategic move.
Introduction
Authors: Beer Gillian
Published: November 2023

Cultural encounter occurs not only between peoples of different ethnic origins but between trades, genders, professional groups, specializations of all sorts in a society. Train-spotters, mothers of babies, astronomers, horse-riders have each their special knowledges and vocabularies; but none of them lives as train-spotter, mother, astronomer, horse-rider alone. Each inhabits and draws on the experience of the historical moment, the material base, the media, and community in which they all dwell. (Indeed they may all be one person, though a busy one.) These multiple subject positions mean that relations never form a single system: what may be perceived as outcrops or loose ends may prove to be part of the tracery of other connections. So, as Marilyn Strathern observes, ‘English kin relations do not make an individual person equal to his or her field of relations, let alone a universe of social relations.
Four Bodies on the Beagle: Touch, Sight, and Writing in a Darwin Letter
Authors: Beer Gillian
Published: November 2023

The ‘warm scribe ‘, in Keats ‘s compelling description of the writer ‘s hand, cancels the distance between cold print and body. A hand reaches out from the text, is occupied in the text; brushing aside the print on the page, it makes the reader conscious of the hand ‘s activity in reading as well as writing. We smooth the page, we turn it, each alone. The past body of the writer is here insurgent, meeting the reader ‘s hand, matching it, touching it. The effect is rare, and daring. It relies upon Keats abandoning the dualistic hierarchies of mind and body, having available to him without favour all his five senses.
Problems of Description in the Language of Discovery
Authors: Beer Gillian
Published: November 2023

Discovery is a matter not only of reaching new conclusions but of redescribing what is known and taken for granted. Scientific enquiry constantly revives questions which are answered both in science and literature at changing levels of description. Description must find ways out of the circle of current presumptions if it is to create knowledge or fresh insight. Yet all description draws, often unknowingly, upon shared cultural assumptions which underwrite its neutral and authoritative status and conceal the embedded designs upon which describing depends. How can the language of scientists and of poets (in the broadest sense) resist such designs and disturb teleological patterns which may otherwise lock their project into the circle of the foreknown? How much do the discursive strategies of scientists and poets have in common? Are we able to pinpoint stable distinctions between scientific communication and poetic communication in relation to the problem of describing? These are questions I shall consider by means of example in this essay.
Pedagogy, Violence, and the Subject of Music: Chaucer’s Prioress’s Tale and the Ideologies of ‘Song’
Authors: Holsinger Bruce
Published: November 2023

A psalm is sung at home and repeated outdoors; it is learned without effort and retained with delight. A psalm joins those with differences, unites those at odds and reconciles those who have been offended, for who will not concede to him with whom one sings to God in one voice? It is after all a great bond of unity for the full number of people to join in one chorus.

If there is no longer a road from one musical sphere to the other ... this is the phenomenon of a fractured total condition that can no more be settled by the artist’s will than by mere pedagogics or by dictatorial fiat. It sears stigmata into every musical phenomenon.
Analytical Survey i: Literary History and Cultural Study
Authors: Lawton David
Published: November 2023

The Editorial statement for New Medieval Literatures announces that every issue will carry-in place of reviews-’an analytical survey ... of recent work in an emerging or dominant critical discourse’. The surveys are designed to be useful to specialists and non-specialists alike; they are one person’s view, and therefore polemical; and they will be commissioned from leading international medievalists. Surveys in forthcoming volumes will report on historicisms and psychoanalysis, the relevance of the New Philology in Romance languages, and recent work in art history and theory.
Clockwork Comedy Time and The Alchemist
Authors: Donaldson Ian
Published: November 2023

The Alchemist, as Coleridge recognized long ago, is one of the world’s most brilliantly plotted plays.1 Its design is cleverer, more intricate, more elegant, more surprising than that of any comedy of Shakespeare; it as cunning as clockwork. The Alchemist may be compared with clockwork in another, more literal, sense too, for the time scheme of the play is organized with extraordinary precision, plotted to the very moment. For most of the characters in the comedy, moreover, time itself is a matter of the deepest consequence, always at the forefront of their consciousness, sharpening their particular ambitions and visions of the world. Time impinges in The Alchemist, as characteristically in Jonson’s comedies, with an urgency and precision rarely encountered in the world of Shakespearian comedy or romance. Even in those plays of Shakespeare in which time is felt to be a matter of great practical or psychological consequence, the formal organization of dramatic time may seem, by Jonsonian standards, to be curiously lax or wayward. Jonson himself was notoriously unimpressed by Shakespeare’s seemingly more casual artistry, as his passing gibes at Shakespeare’s late plays in the Induction to Bartholomew Fair and the Conversations with William Drummond testify. These comments are sometimes taken as evidence of Jonson’s pedantry or of his personal enmity towards Shakespeare. Yet it is worth reflecting on the deeper dramatic logic that may have prompted Jonson’s responses, which ultimately reveal more about his own theatrical practices than about those of his great contemporary.
Ephemera
Authors: Peterson William S
Published: November 2023

THIS section includes only publications by Betjeman—pamphlets, brochures, broad-sides, and the like, but not contributions to books or periodicals—that are shorter than sixteen pages. I have also placed a slighty longer portfolio, Ten Wren Churches (1970), in this section, because it seems to belong here rather than under Books. ¶Betjeman, in his later years, frequently delivered tributes at funerals, and occasionally these tributes were printed in inexpensive copies circulated afterwards to friends. I have included two examples below under 1974 and 1976.
Contributions to Books
Authors: Peterson William S
Published: November 2023

THIS is a broad category including contributions to pamphlets, theatrical programmes, society reports, and other documents as well as books. Except in a few cases, I have excluded anthology reprintings of Betjeman’s writings. A full list of such reprintings might offer a useful picture of his literary reputation, but it would also be an exceptionally large body of material. (Anthologies are, however, well represented in Peter Gammond’s bibliography.) ¶In a few instances of books or pamphlets that are difficult to find, I have indicated the location of the copy examined.
Editorships
Authors: Peterson William S
Published: November 2023

IN his lifelong search for a more stable income, Betjeman took on the editorship of several magazines and book series. His prolonged association with the Shell Guides is well known, but he was also associated with some less publicly visible projects. Though he served in an honorary capacity on a number of editorial boards of periodicals, I have not treated this category except for the Country Churchman , which he helped found and in which he took an active interest.
Radio
Authors: Peterson William S
Published: November 2023

I HAVE tried to make this section (and the Televison section below) as comprehensive as possible by including not only programmes which Betjeman wrote himself but also those in which he was one of several contributors as well as a few programmes about him. (I list the latter here rather than in the About Betjeman section, because the programmes about him almost always draw heavily upon archival recordings by Betjeman himself.) Nevertheless, I did find it necessary to draw the line somewhere and have therefore excluded a good deal of material that might possibly have been listed in this section.
Television
Authors: Peterson William S
Published: November 2023

WHEN television broadcasting was first introduced in Britain on a limited basis before the Second World War, Betjeman received an early introduction to it. Mary Adams, a BBC producer, wrote to him on 21 May 1937, ‘I don’t know whether you have seen the television screen, or whether its problems interest you, but I should very much like you to come up to Alexandra Palace and discuss with us the possibilities of this new medium.’ Betjeman duly paid a visit, and by the 13th of July, Adams had a specific proposal: ‘It occurred to me that it might be possible to give a television programme showing how Guide Books are made. I feel that would be in your line perhaps.
Doubtful Attributions
Authors: Peterson William S
Published: November 2023

THIS section lists items that have been publicly attributed to Betjeman or that he may have possibly written, but for which no satisfactory evidence of his authorship exists. Many of the attributions were made by Bevis Hillier in the first volume of his biography of Betjeman, frequently on the basis of stylistic similarities; it will be seen that I have chosen to interpret the evidence much more cautiously than Hillier has.
Notes on the Poems
Authors: Peterson William S
Published: November 2023

THIS section is an alphabetical list of the drafts and proofs of Betjeman’s poems, accompanied, in many instances, by notes on the date and circumstances of their composition and publication; whenever possible, I have also recorded any remarks made by Betjeman about individual poems. In the case of individual poems first published separately (such as Summoned by Bells ), I have merely provided cross- references to the Books and Ephemera sections, above. ¶The following categories of material are, as a rule, excluded. (1) Betjeman’s verse- epistles and the fragments of poems that crop up in his correspondence. Many of them can be found in Candida Lycett Green’s edition of the Letters and Bevis Hillier’s biography.
Journalism, Scholarship, and the University College London English Department
Authors: Sutherland John
Published: November 2023

Grevel Lindop has written about the nourishment which journalism can get from contact with universities and university people (specifically in the literary world around the great Scottish universities in the early nineteenth century).1 I shall approach the same topic from the other side: the stimulus which universities—specifically their English departments—can derive from contact with the world of journalism. I shall do this by sketching the life history of a single English department, that of University College London. As it happens, it is, at 167 years, the oldest such department in England (some would say the world). My chair at UCL was endowed by a newspaper magnate, Lord Northcliffe, whose name is synonymous with twentieth century lower journalism.
Darke Conceits: Churton Collins, Edmund Gosse, and the Professions of Criticism
Authors: Cunningham Valentine
Published: November 2023

Among the Christmas presents John Churton Collins received in 1889 was a tribute from a student who was attending one of his many University Extension courses. It was a set of verses called ‘Christmas 1889’, and the kind of knowing fan-letter any teacher of literature might relish: There’s much more in the same vein and, clearly, the pupil has not read his Browning for nothing.
The Times Literary Supplement in the Second World War and How to Fill Some Gaps in Modern British Cultural History
Authors: Treglown Jeremy
Published: November 2023

The Times Literary Supplement is among the most important literary journals in the world: catholic in subject-matter and in its responses to the rival claims of innovation and traditionalism, specialism and mass appeal; cosmopolitan; exceptionally durable. For almost a century, despite some critical mistakes and outright omissions, it has reviewed more books more thoroughly than any other paper. Yet to literary historians of the twentieth century the Lit. Supp. —as it was once universally called—might as well have been invisible.
Culture and Acculturation in Manuel Summers’s Del rosa ... al amarillo (I963)
Authors: Martin-Márquez Susan
Published: November 2023

The last few years in Spain have witnessed a flurry of renewed interest in the socialization of children during Francoism. Luis Otero’s deliciously ironic recreation of his own experience of ideological inculcation, Al paso alegre de la paz (1996), became a surprise best seller, leading to the rerelease of his 1987 novel Gris marengo, focused on the education of a Nationalist war martyr’s son. Andrés Sopeña Monsalve’s book of memoirs, El florido pensil: memoria de la escuela nacionalcatólica (1994), which has also enjoyed several reprintings, was quickly adapted for the theatre by the Basque company Tanttaka Teatroa; when this stage version moved on to Barcelona in the summer of 1997, tickets were sold out for nearly every performance.
La vida alegre (Colomo, 1986)
Authors: Fiddian Robin
Published: November 2023

LA vida alegre is the seventh full-length feature by Fernando Coloma, whose career as both a director and a producer is closely linked to the phenomenon of the nueva comedia espaiiola of the late 1970s and 198os. Having scripted and directed Tigres de papel in 1977, Coloma produced Opera prima for Fernando Trueba in 1980, and then resumed work directing films of his own including Estoy en crisis (1982) and La línea def cielo (1983), both of which manifest a clearly perceptible ‘intención de humor’.
Derek Mahon, Tom Paulin, and the Lost Tribe
Authors: McDonald Peter
Published: November 2023

There is an inexact rule of symmetry in certain kinds of critical overview, by which identities, as they find their cultural expressions, tend to match and answer each other. Thus, if Seamus Heaney is found to represent especially one model of identity in Northern Ireland, which could be called either Irish or Catholic, the full meaning of this representation comes with cultural understanding of the other identity, which might be called either Ulster Scots or Protestant.
The Note Man on the Word Man: Morton Feldman on Composing the Music for Samuel Beckett’s Words and Music in The Beckett Festival of Radio Plays
Authors: Frost Everett
Published: November 2023

In undertaking new American radio productions of all of Samuel Beckett’s extant radio plays, Words and Music presented a singular difficulty. The music composed by John Beckett, the author’s cousin, at the time of the play’s conception, was withdrawn soon after the production’s premiere on the BBC in November 1962 (and its subsequent French production, as Paroles et musique), and remains unavailable. But the play cannot be produced without music, since it appears as ‘Bob’, an actual character in the play. As we formulated our plans for The Beckett Festival of Radio Plays, Samuel Beckett reconfirmed to me, as apparently he had to Katharine Worth and other enquirers, that it would be ‘impossible’ for us to use the John Beckett score and that we would therefore have to provide our own. Yet it seemed to me that Beckett had a special fondness for the play and was pleased that it might be revived with what he called a ‘fresh go’. He suggested Morton Feldman as the composer.
That Time: Samuel Beckett and Wolfgang Fortner
Authors: Weber Brigitta
Published: November 2023

Wolfgang Fortner ranks amongst the most important German composers of the post-war era. Born in Leipzig in 1907, he grew up with the tradition of church-music associated with the city, the concerts of Hermann Scherchen and the premieres of the Leipzig Opera and, by 1931, he was already appointed as teacher of composition at the newly founded Institute for Church Music in Heidelberg. Both here and at his subsequent places of work in Detmold (1954-7) and Freiburg (1957- 73 ), he established his reputation as one of the most sought-after teachers of composition of his era. After the Second World War, along with Wolfgang Steinecke, Fortner founded the Kranichstein Summer Schools for New Music; from 1964 he conducted the Musica-viva-concerts in Munich as successor to Karl Amadeus Hartmann.
Music in the Works of Samuel Beckett
Authors: Beckett Walter
Published: November 2023

When I was a young boy in the early 1920s, I lived with my family in Foxrock, County Dublin. At that time, Foxrock was a fashionable suburb with a sprinkling of houses, surrounded by countryside. I remember my mother being able to walk through fields to visit Sam’s mother in their house in Kerrymount Avenue. It was more a friendly relationship rather than a close-knit family one. Later in life, both Sam and I were to attend the same school, Portora Royal School in Enniskillen, and later still the University of Dublin, Trinity College, albeit at different times.
The Indifference of the Broiler to the Broiled
Authors: Reynolds Roger
Published: November 2023

In 1966, just before leaving for an extended stay in Japan, I saw a production of Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godotin Minneapolis. I can still recall clearly the rush of excitement by which I was consumed during Lucky’s virtuoso monologue. What stunned me then was the juxtaposition of excess and control that this work manifested. Although it exceeded (exhilaratingly) the boundaries of what I had thought theatrically viable, it was, at the same time, parsimonious, spare and precise in its detail. The uniqueness of its author’s vision was unmistakable.