bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CCGT and small nuclear SMR hybrids system for flexible energy generation
Authors: Pieńkowski Ludwik , Jaszczur Marek , Dudek Michał , Skolik Katarzyna
Published: July 2019

Future development of the energy conversion systems will be based on second and third generation technology. Additionally, modern power plants are expected to be able to work in a very wide range of power output. At the same time, frequent and rapid changes in generated power reduce systems lifetime, their average efficiency, and in the case of nuclear energy, introduce additional issues related to nuclear safety. The hybrid energy systems can give at least a partial solution to such challenges. In the present work, a thermodynamic analysis of a hybrid system consisting of a nuclear block powered by Small Modular Reactor (SMR) and a gas-steam block Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (GTCC) was performed. The coupling was made by means of a compressor in a gas block powered by an electric motor and using steam from a nuclear block in the Gas Turbine Combined Cycle steam power plant block. Some promising and challenging results are shown and discussed.
Selected aspects of the nanofluids utilization as the heat transfer carriers
Authors: Roszko Aleksandra , Fornalik-Wajs Elzbieta
Published: July 2019

Since many years the nanofluids rise an interest of the researchers in various areas from cosmetology through medicine to technics. In each area potential of the nanofluids depends on various properties, which may be utilized. Considering the technical applications, very important one is related to the energy systems. Present paper discusses the heat transfer enhancement as the main aspect of nanofluid potential in this area. It presents also new research direction regarding the magnetic field influence on a convection of the nanofluids. The experimental analysis gives promising results especially in the context of space applications.
Monitoring of the Operating Parameters a Low-Temperature Fuel-Cell Stack for Applications in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Part I
Authors: Dudek Magdalena , Raźniak Andrzej , Lis Bartłomiej , Siwek Tomasz , Adamczyk Bartosz , Uhl Dagmara , Kalawa Wojciech , Uhl Tadeusz
Published: July 2019

The paper presents a brief analysis of the potential use of hydrogen-oxygen low-temperature fuel cells with proton-exchange membrane fuel-cell stacks as power sources for the construction of drive units powering unmanned aerial vehicles. Hydrogen storage methods are discussed. Characteristics of selected aspects of monitoring the electrical and non-electrical operating parameters of a drive unit with fuel cells were investigated, with respect to the fuel cell, fuel-cell cooling system, and gas reagent supplying the system with hydrogen and air. Hydrogen fuel consumption for the production of electricity and purification, or so-called purge, was analysed. Based on the results of laboratory tests of the parameters of a generator with fuel cells, an exemplary method of monitoring operating parameters and controlling power sources involving fuel cells is proposed.
Monitoring of the Operating Parameters a Low-Temperature Fuel-Cell Stack for Applications in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Part II
Authors: Dudek Magdalena , Raźniak Andrzej , Lis Bartłomiej , Siwek Tomasz , Adamczyk Bartosz , Uhl Dagmara , Kalawa Wojciech , Uhl Tadeusz
Published: July 2019

The second part of the paper is aimed at the analysis of hydrogen fuel demand for the operation of a PEMFC stack. The methodology of hydrogen utilisation for the production of electrical energy and for purging (purification processes) is presented. Based on the laboratory data derived from the electrical and non-electrical parameters recorded in this part of the paper, the design of the monitoring and control system of stack performance was elaborated and the implementation of the system tested. This solution enables not only the monitoring and control of electrical parameters, temperature, and humidity, but also management of the degree of humidification of PEMFC membranes using a short-circuit unit.
Assessment of medium parameters in a closed space for a Hyperloop transport capsule with reference to reducing the energy demand of a transport system
Authors: Nowacki Marcin , Olejniczak Damian , Markowski Jarosław
Published: July 2019

The increasing transport needs of societies are prompting manufacturers and inventors to seek new ways to satisfy them which are closely related to the development of new transport systems and means of transport. The current level of technological and social systems imposes limits on the implementation of new concepts which combine the advantages of existing systems currently functioning as separate entities. Combining the advantages of rail transport with the characteristics of air transport gave rise to the concept of a new transport system called Hyperloop, whose main purpose is to create a transport network combining the advantages of air and rail transport with low operating costs. The project assumes a pipeline structure and a transport capsule that moves inside its channels. To obtain high-velocity capsules, it is assumed that the pressure in the pipeline will be reduced, which will reduce in turn the losses resulting from the resistance of the moving capsule. Most means of transport in current use involve motion in open space. The proposed Hyperloop system involves different problems concerning the movement of the capsule as a means of transport within the confined space of the pipeline. These problems require specific analysis of conditions inside the system which depend on the velocity and shape of the capsule. These issues can be addressed using currently available numerical tools. An attempt to assess the phenomena associated with the flow of the capsule, using an important factor found in the pipeline space, was undertaken in the analyses conducted here. The study involved determination of the force acting on the nose of the capsule, an important component of its resistance to movement. The results and analyses were used to evaluate the differences in energy demand between two compared structures. On the basis of these results, conclusions were drawn regarding the directions for further modifications of the shape of the capsule aimed at reducing the energy demand necessary for its propulsion.
Degradation of petroleum diesel fuel accelerated by UV irradiation: the impact of ageing on chemical composition and selected physicochemical properties
Authors: Janus Rafał , Kołomański Karol , Wądrzyk Mariusz , Lewandowski Marek
Published: July 2019

The long-term chemical stability of diesel fuel during storage is one of the key factors, which enable the proper operation of the combustion engine and, therefore, may prolong its life. The progressive degradation of particular components of diesel can affect negatively their physicochemical parameters, what, in turn, entails the issues with regular work and performance of the engines and influences adversely the composition of the exhaust. Moreover, the ageing results in the formation of high molecular polymers that form troublesome sediments which cover the bottom of the container and disrupt the injection of the fuel to the combustion chamber. The present study was aimed to investigate the changes in the chemical composition of the conventional petroleum diesel fuel stored with unrestricted air access under UV irradiation (λ = 254 nm). The changes in the chemical composition were determined by means of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The changes in the crucial physicochemical parameters, namely: density, viscosity, flash point, cloud point, cetane number, cetane index, and distillation characteristic, caused by the photochemical degradation of diesel components, were discussed with regard to the changes in the molecular composition of diesel.
Synthesis of zeolite P from sewage sludge ash
Authors: Latosińska Jolanta
Published: July 2019

Sewage sludge is an example of waste considered as biomass. The utilization of sewage sludge is more often realized through combustion, which simultaneously constitutes the recovery of energy from a renewable source. However, the obtained ash requires neutralization. An alternative method for landfilling of sewage sludge ash is its conversion into synthetic zeolites. One of them is Zeolite P. The study shows the results of thesynthesis of zeolite P from sewage sludge ash by chemical conversion. The conversion of sewage sludge ash was conducted at the activationtemperatures of 60°C and 90°C, crystallization temperatures of 60°C and 90°C, crystallization time of 72 hours and the SSA:NaOH ratio of 1:1.4. The research of sewage sludge ashes after zeolitization included the observation of changes of ash particles surface, the identification of crystalized phases, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and specific surface area. The optimalsynthesis conditions for zeolite P are the activation and crystallization temperatures of 90°C. CEC of modified sewage sludge ashes is greater than CEC of sewage sludge ash. The presented method of sewage sludge ash conversion allows to obtain a usable material.
The role of LNG supplies in balancing natural gas demand in EU countries
Authors: Biały Rafał , Janusz Piotr , Łaciak Mariusz , Olkuski Tadeusz , Ruszel Mariusz , Szurlej Adam
Published: July 2019

Over the last decade, developments could be observed in the structure of primary energy consumption in EU countries. In order to achieve the goals, energy carriers with minimum impact on the natural environment are used, and natural gas is considered to be such a fuel. The share of natural gas in the EU’s energy balance in the analysed period, from 2000 to 2016, remained at a relatively stable level. However, in the case of individual countries, its share in the energy balance depends on specific characteristics of a country. Regardless of the share of natural gas in the energy consumption structure of individual countries, they strive to diversify the supply of natural gas. One of the main constituents of natural gas supply diversification is the construction of LNG import terminals. Access to this infrastructure enhances energy security and offers better opportunities when negotiating long-term contracts for the supply of natural gas. The EU possesses significant possibilities of importing natural gas through LNG terminals, but until now they have been used to a limited extent, it may indicate that in addition todiversification tasks, terminals are a guarantee in the event ofinterruptions in gas supplies using gas pipelines.
Polish energy security in the oil sector
Authors: Olkuski Tadeusz , Szurlej Adam , Tora Barbara , Karpiński Miłosz
Published: July 2019

Almost all crude oil used in Poland is imported. The domestic production meets less than 4% of needs; therefore, to ensure the security of supplies, Poland relies heavily on imports. It is worth mentioning, however, that Poland has crude oil resources oil fields are located in the Carpathians, Polish Lowlands, and in the economic zone of the Baltic Sea. For years, crude oil is imported mainly from the East, however, a significant change in this approach, leading to an increase in seaborne oil supplies, has been observed in recent years. In 2017, 77.3% of crude oil was imported from Russia, while the rest was supplied from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Norway, and Kazakhstan. Increasing the diversification of supplies is, of course, a very positive phenomenon, because it allows reducing the dependence on one supplier, which is beneficial from the point of view of energy security. Taking into account a high dependence on oil imports, the article also discusses important factors affecting the global oil market: low investment in the upstream sector, a drastic decline in oil production in Venezuela, the impact of the U.S. embargo on Iran, or depleting oil reserves.
The selection of optimal conditions for the process of obtaining humic acid from brown coal
Authors: Janeba-Bartoszewicz Edyta , Romek Dawid , Selech Jarosław , Marcinkowski Jacek
Published: July 2019

The type of plant substance from which brown coal is formed and the conditions in which it forms largely influence its characteristics and properties. On account of a lower degree of coalification and calorific value compared to hard coal and a high content of humic substances, brown coal is becoming a valuable fertiliser component. Humic acids contained in brown coal are also found in the soil’s humus substances, and their beneficial sorptive and complexing properties are a factor speaking in favour of their use both in agriculture and in other branches of the economy. The article presents the manner of preparing a sample of brown coal in order to determine the content of humic acid intended in particular for use in making chemical fertilisers and for other applications, particularly in agriculture. The optimum conditions in which the amount of humic acid in the sample is the highest were determined. The influence of the proportions of water, KOH, and brown coal, temperature, and mixing time on the solubility of the sample of brown coal was analysed. The solutions were mixed in mixers built especially for this purpose. The solubility of brown coal in the prepared solutions was controlled UV-ViS spectrophotometrically.
Épidémiologie de l’hypothyroïdie congénitale en France : données récentes
Authors: Léger Juliane
Published: July 2019

L’hypothyroïdie congénitale (HC) est une maladie liée à une sécrétion insuffisante d’hormone thyroïdienne par la glande thyroïde. Elle peut être en relation soit avec une anomalie de développement de la glande soit avec une glande en place avec ou sans goitre. Le dépistage néonatal systématique mis en place depuis environ 40 ans a permis d’améliorer nos connaissances sur l’épidémiologie de cette maladie rare qui affecte environ une naissance sur 3000. Une augmentation de l’incidence de la maladie a été rapportée ces dernières années. Elle affecte surtout les formes avec glande en place.
Les perturbateurs thyroïdiens et leurs conséquences sur le développement cérébral
Authors: Fini Jean-Baptiste , Demeneix Barbara
Published: July 2019

Une augmentation de la prévalence de nombreuses maladies affectant le système nerveux, aussi bien chez l’enfant que chez l’adulte a été rapportée. Certaines de ces maladies sont en relation avec des dysfonctionnements endocriniens et particulièrement de l’axe thyroïdien. Des troubles de l’attention ou l’hyperactivité, des syndromes liés à l’autisme, mais aussi la sclérose en plaques ou la maladie d’Alzheimer font partie de ces maladies qui peuvent survenir lors d’un dysfonctionnement du système thyroïdien. Il paraît de plus en plus évident qu’une exposition embryonnaire à des perturbateurs des hormones thyroïdiennes peut entraîner des conséquences à court et à long termes, non détectées par les diagnostics néonataux classiques. Les perturbateurs endocriniens comprennent une large gamme de molécules comme les plastifiants, certains, des surfactants ou retardants de flammes, dont plusieurs membres peuvent interférer avec la synthèse des hormones thyroïdiennes ou leurs actions. Nous reviendrons brièvement sur l’histoire de la perturbation endocrinienne, les exemples et les conséquences d’une exposition embryonnaire à de tels produits sur le développement du cerveau.
Les avancées dans les traitements de crise et de fond de la maladie migraineuse
Authors: Valade Dominique
Published: July 2019

Le traitement de la crise migraineuse repose actuellement sur les anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (AINS) et les triptans, qui sont les deux seules classes pharmacologiques dont l’efficacité thérapeutique a été démontrée avec un haut niveau de preuve dans cette indication. Ces deux classes pharmacologiques ne couvrent cependant pas tous les besoins thérapeutiques des migraineux. Deux programmes de développement clinique méritent une attention particulière et concernent les antagonistes des récepteurs du CGRP et les agonistes du récepteur 5-HT1F de la sérotonine. L’approche prophylactique est un élément capital du traitement de la migraine épisodique qui concerne plus d’un tiers des migraineux. Actuellement, cette approche prophylactique est possible au travers de plusieurs traitements pharmacologiques ayant un bon niveau de preuve dans cette indication et appartenant à diverses classes pharmacologiques : bêta-bloquants (propranolol, métoprolol), antiépileptiques (divalproate de sodium, topiramate, gabapentine), inhibiteurs calciques (flunarizine), antidépresseurs tricycliques et antagonistes sérotoninergiques (pizotifène). L’approche prophylactique peut également faire appel en seconde intention à des molécules mises plus récemment sur le marché mais dont le niveau de preuve dans cette indication est plus faible : vérapamil, venlafaxine, lisinopril et candesartan. Enfin, il convient de ne pas oublier l’utilisation d’anciens traitements (oxétorone) toujours en usage dans certains pays (comme la France). Devant le manque de spécificité, de nouveaux médicaments émergent, les plus importants étant les anticorps monoclonaux antagonistes du Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), mais de nombreux autres sont en phase I ou II de recherche tels que les modulateurs de la fonction endothéliale, les antagonistes orexinergiques, l’ocytocine, les inhibiteurs non sélectifs des phosphodiestérases, les modulateurs des jonctions communicantes. Enfin, un futur plus lointain repose sur les neuropeptides hypothalamiques (Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, PACAP ; neuropeptide Y, NPY), les inhibiteurs de synthèse de l’oxyde nitrique (NO) et les canaux ioniques activés par l’acidité extracellulaire (ASIC, Acid-Sensing Ion Channels).
Neuropathie motrice périphérique et maladie de Pompe : association fortuite ?
Authors: Tard Céline , Cassim François , Defebvre Luc , Vermersch Patrick , Froissart Roseline , Pettazzoni Magali , Perez Thierry , Jaillette Emmanuelle , Nguyen Sylvie
Published: July 2019

Le cas suivant a été présenté le 20 mars 2019 à Paris lors de la Journée Annuelle de la Maladie de Pompe. Il s’agit d’un patient admis en réanimation pour une détresse respiratoire aiguë liée à une atteinte sévère du muscle diaphragmatique. L’EMG réalisé lors de cette première hospitalisation était compatible avec une neuropathie motrice démyélinisante auto-immune. Quelques années plus tard, devant la persistance de CPK subnormales et d’un tableau respiratoire toujours sévère, un dosage de l’activité maltase acide a été proposé. Le diagnostic de maladie de Pompe est alors posé.
Das prä- und postoperative Management von Patienten mit Angle-Klasse-II-Verzahnung, ausgeprägter Spee-Kurve und Tiefbiss in der Dysgnathiechirurgie
Authors: Seeberger Robin
Published: July 2019

Die Dysgnathiechirurgie umfasst Korrekturen des Gesichtsskeletts mit dem Ziel, normale anatomische und funktionelle Verhältnisse wiederherzustellen. Eine besondere Herausforderung sind dabei Patienten mit Angle-Klasse-II-Verzahnung, Tiefbiss und ausgeprägter Spee-Kurve. Eine präoperative Nivellierung der Spee-Kurve gelingt nur über Bisssperrung durch okklusale Aufbauten. Alternativ und bewährt ist die Nivellierung der Spee-Kurve postoperativ. Voraussetzung dafür ist eine stabile 3-Punkt-Abstützung und unmittelbar postoperativ das Einhängen vertikaler Gummizüge zum Schluss des anfangs seitlich offenen Bisses. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels wird das kieferorthopädische und kieferchirurgische Vorgehen verdeutlicht.
Therapie des skelettal anterior frontoffenen Bisses – Aktueller Stand des operativen Vorgehens
Authors: Handschel Jörg , Schneider Oliver , Nienkemper Manuel
Published: July 2019

Der anterior offene Biss (AOB) lässt sich ätiologisch in 3 Gruppen einteilen: 1) der dental AOB, 2) der post-traumatisch AOB und 3) der skeletal AOB.Während beim dentalen AOB und traumatischen AOB therapeutisch sehr häufig gute Langzeitergebnisse erzielt werden, zeichnet sich die skelettale Variante des AOB durch häufige Rezidive aus. Aktuell existieren verschiedene chirurgische Konzepte für die Korrektur dieser Fehlstellung. Im Lichte der aktuellen Literatur und unter Berücksichtigung eigener Untersuchungen und Erfahrungen wird ein chirurgisches Behandlungskonzept plausibilisiert und detailliert beschrieben.
Neuraltherapie bei Nacken- und
Spannungskopfschmerz
Authors: Günter Uwe
Published: July 2019

Die Neuraltherapie ist als diagnostische und therapeutische Anwendung von
Lokalanästhetika beim chronisch-rezidivierenden Nacken- und Spannungskopfschmerz
adjuvant einsetzbar, risikoarm, kostengünstig und erfolgreich.

Diese Injektionen werden im Bereich eines jeden schmerzhaften Dermatoms,
verquollenen Subkutoms mit Verbindungen zum perivaskulären Sympathikus,
druckdolenten Faszio-Myotoms (z. B. Triggerpunkt), an Nerven und Ganglien des
Grenzstrang unter standardisiertem Knochenkontakt mit und ohne
Sonographie-Monitoring sowie an Störfeldern wie Tonsillen, Sinus, Zähnen usw.
durchgeführt und kann jeder Arzt erlernen bzw. ambulant und stationär
anwenden.

Das Ester Procain ist trotz des Überwiegens der Studien mit Lidocain u. a. Amiden
nach persönlichem Erfahrungsaustausch mit seit mehr als 50 Jahren praktisch
tätigen Autoren und aktuellsten Literaturdaten überlegen bzw. am besten zu
überwachen.
Die Perspektive wechseln! – Die Betätigung und nicht das Individuum befunden
Authors: Pechstädt Katrin
Published: July 2019

Die Occupational Science analysierte lange Zeit Individuen und ihre Erfahrungen mit Betätigungen. Wie es gelingen kann, diese Betrachtungsweise zu überwinden und stattdessen die Betätigung – zum Beispiel Haushaltsarbeit – zu befunden, hat Ergotherapeutin Dr. Danielle Hitch untersucht. Wir haben ihren Artikel aus dem Journal of Occupational Science nutzerfreundlich für Sie zusammengefasst.
Versorgungsbedarfe älterer Personen ermitteln – Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly
Authors: Dorow Marie
Published: July 2019

Die Erfassung von Unterstützungsbedarfen älterer Menschen gewinnt vor dem Hintergrund des demografischen Wandels zunehmend an Bedeutung. Sie benötigen zum Beispiel bei der Körperpflege Hilfe oder sehnen sich nach sozialen Kontakten. Das Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE) hilft schnell und einfach dabei, Versorgungsbedarfe von Senioren zu ermitteln.
Hamstring-Verletzung im Fußball
Authors: Spiess Jonas
Published: July 2019

Sportphysiotherapeuten kennen das Krankheitsbild zur Genüge, denn
Hamstring-Verletzungen sind mit die häufigsten Verletzungen von Fußballern.
Unser Autor Jonas Spiess hat einen klaren Plan, wie er einen verletzten Spieler
schnell wieder zurück auf den Platz bringen kann.
Rehaplanung beim sportlichen Patienten
Authors: van Duijn Arjen
Published: July 2019

Bevor ein Fußballer mit Kreuzbandriss, ein Sprinter mit einer Muskelverletzung
oder ein Skifahrer nach einem Knochenbruch wieder ins Training einsteigen
können, liegt ein langer Weg vor ihnen. Doch die Wege unterscheiden sich
erheblich. Grund dafür sind nicht nur die verschiedenen Verletzungen und
Heilungsverläufe, sondern auch die Eigenheiten der jeweiligen Sportarten. Eine
ausführliche Rehaplanung ist deshalb unerlässlich.
Staged conflicts in Austrian parliamentary debates
Authors: Gruber Helmut
Published: July 2019

This paper analyzes the rhetorical formats used by Austrian members of parliament (MPs) to express disagreement
with previous speakers during the so-called ‘inaugural speech debates’. During these debates, MPs position themselves publicly as
either government or opposition party representatives. Disagreeing with previous debate contributions represents a positioning
practice that focuses on the interpersonal plane of interaction. The strict procedural rules of the debates, however, prevent MPs
from engaging in genuine conflict talk. MPs rather use four rhetorical formats for signalling conflict with a previous speaker.
This paper analyzes these strategies as well as their use by different groups of MPs and discusses their face aggravating/
impoliteness potential. Finally, it relates the results to previous studies of face work in political discourse.
Latin as a tool for social differentiation and epistemic asymmetry
Authors: Orletti Franca
Published: July 2019

The paper aims to present the outcome of a research on the persistence of Latin in Medical Language. The analysis
has been carried out on written and spoken data: clinical records; doctor-patient interactions; prescriptions; package information
leaflets. The study shows that in medical communication Latin is used as a tool for social and epistemic discrimination, to
increase the knowledge gap among professionals and lay people. A different way to reaffirm the voice of medicine against the voice
of life. Our project is inserted in the series of studies dedicated to languages for specific purposes understood not only as
specific vocabularies but mostly as “discursive patterns” that express precise and distinctive professional visions.
‘Inevitable distinctions’
Authors: Saglietti Marzia
Published: July 2019

Professionals working in residential care for children everyday perform the institutional relevant activity of constructing their cases. This article analyzes the ways in which they construct the case of ‘unaccompanied minors’ (UAM) and how, in doing so, they talk into being their everyday practices of work. Drawing on ethnographic interviews with Italian residential care professionals, this study adopts a Discourse Analysis approach. Findings illustrate how the discursive assemblage of UAM relies on participants’ multiple distinctions and on a contrastive rhetoric that is widely used in social work. Differences in the case-construction of UAM mirror participants’ institutional settings and overall socio-cultural debate, paving the way for future investigation.
Responding to customer complaints on English and Polish corporate profiles on Twitter
Authors: Tereszkiewicz Anna
Published: July 2019

The study investigates the strategies used by English and Polish companies in the process of handling customer complaints on Twitter. Since English and Polish are recognized as representatives of negative and positive politeness cultures, respectively, the analysis was to examine if there are differences in politeness conventions in customer-provider interaction on Twitter. The study found that although similar strategies are used by English and Polish companies in responding to complaints, the frequency of the respective strategies is different. The results of the analysis confirm differences in the use of positive and negative politeness strategies as well as differences in the level of directness in interaction between English and Polish profiles.
Epistemic and deontic authority in theargumentum ad verecundiam
Authors: Koszowy Marcin , Walton Douglas
Published: July 2019

The aim of this paper is to elaborate tools that would allow us to analyse arguments from authority and guard against fallacious uses of them. To accomplish this aim, we extend the list of existing argumentation schemes representing arguments from authority. For this purpose, we formulate a new argumentation scheme for argument from deontic authority along with a matching set of critical questions used to evaluate it. We argue that clarifying the ambiguity between arguments from epistemic and deontic authority helps building a better explanation of the informal fallacy of appeal to authority (argumentum ad verecundiam).
Microstructural modification and ageing behaviour of the Al–17Si–5Cu alloy using a novel approach
Authors: Hazra Biplab , Ghosh Karuna Sindhu , Sarkar Rajdeep , Bera Supriya , Show Bijay Kumar
Published: July 2019

A novel short duration heat treatment schedule is proposed in the present investigation for the Al-17 wt-% Si-5 wt-% Cu alloy (AR alloy). The existing heat treatment uses long duration (4–24 h) holding at solutionising temperature prior to ageing treatment. In the present investigation, the AR alloy is subjected to isothermal holding at 590°C for 15 min followed by warm water quenching prior to the normal ageing schedule. Detailed microstructural investigations involving size and shape of primary as well as eutectic Si particles, porosity measurements along with hardness and tensile property characterisation are carried out to find the effect of isothermal heat treatment. The study reveals considerable improvement in microstructure and mechanical properties after this isothermal heat treatment.
Structural, Surface Topography and Optical Characterization of Nanocrystalline MgxZn1-xO Thin Films Grown by Modified Chemical Bath Deposition (SILAR) Method
Authors: Jaafer Mustafa D. , Omran Al-khayatt Adel H. , Saleh Salah M.
Published: July 2019

A series of MgxZn1-xO thin films were grown on glass substrates using modified chemical bath deposition (m-CBD) called successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. The crystal structure, surface topography and the optical characterization of the prepared films were studied as a function of Mg/Zn (x) content. It is observed that the deposited films have polycrystalline structure in nature and grown in two phases Hexagonal and cubic. The preferential orientation of the films was absorbed along (002) plane. Structural parameter such as crystallite size, number of dislocation density and micro-strain were also investigated. The crystallite size and surface roughness are increased with the increase of Mg2+ ions content. Thus the results showed that the surface topography and the surface quality of the deposited films can be controlled by Mg2+ ions content. The optical transmittance spectra analysis showed that transmittance increase with the increase Mg2+ content to about 85% for x = 0.75, and the energy band gap increases (2.82 - 3.17) eV as the Mg2+ content increases x = (0.25 - 0.75). These results indicate that the MgxZn1-xO thin films can be potentially used in high-performance ultraviolet optoelectronic devices.
Synthesis Conditions Of Au Core@ Ag Shell System by Laser Ablation in Distilled Water By Using Different Wavelengths “(1064, 532, 355)”nm
Authors: Al-Daim W A , Al-Dahash G A , Laith Z
Published: July 2019

In this study, an easy and a rapid method has been used to prepare nanoparticles employing the laser ablation technique in Double Distilled Deionized Water (DDDW). Lasers with three different have been used. The laser ablation of a (Au core @ Ag shell) system shows the best ablation at wavelengths of 1064 and 355 nm in DDDW solution with resulting Grain size less than (20 nm).This is the best result for obtaining the size near Quantum Dot (Q.D.) of the Ag @ Au NPS system. The TEM, AFM and statistical distribution of Grain size have been used to analysis morphological properties. The absorption peak shows IR shift for Au @ Ag system, that leads to growth large grains. This indicates that Ag-shell more effective than Au-core at (532,355) nm wavelengths. Some of the optical parameters, such as refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k), have been calculated for the prepared nanoparticles collide. TEM shows the formation (Core -Shell) clearly, and the form of NPs can almost have a spherical shape with size < 20 nm. The gold (Au-shell) is more effective than Ag-core.The colloidal nanoparticles have been used as in biological applications to kill or inhibit E. coli and Staph bacteria.
Boron Concentration Measurements in the Samples of Water wells Collected from Al-Diwaniya Governorate -Iraq Using ICP/OES Techniques
Authors: Sweaf Abbas A , Salman Thaer M
Published: July 2019

Boron is not uniformly dispersed, ubiquitous crucial micronutrient component for vegetation as well as for man. The aim of this research is to measure Boron, 10B5, concentration in the water of the wells in Al- Diwaniya governorate in Iraq. The measurements done through analysing the soil samples of wells collected from 30 different locations using ICP/OES Techniques. The Boron concentration, which is obtained from the study, ranged from 0.64 ppm in (Eastern Hamza 4) to 3.81ppm in (Alsuniya 2) in water wells. The findings of the study are introduced and compared with other papers. The findings could be employed to introduce unique supplemental contributions in case a contamination incident happens and to achieve wells water quality standards by related entities to preserve radioactive contamination-free water wells samples, whic are needing for the people. More further, the study discovered that 30 samples of the surface water wells had boron more than detected levels. It is because the higher leaching of boron through monsoon rains from surface water wells beyond the root level. Therefore, in the close future, there will be probability of acute contamination problem with boron.
Synthesis of calcium hydroxide for heritage conservation
Authors: Ali N. T. , Abrahim R. Kh. , Saad H. F. , Jabr N. K. , Hindal S. S. , Hussain Dh. R. , Sekp A. M.
Published: July 2019

This research aims to employ nanotechnology and spectroscopy in the field of heritage conservation. In this research nanomaterial (calcium hydroxide) used in conservation of manuscripts, paintings and relics because of their impact on reducing the pH of paper which is the basic reason for cellulosic fiber break. The study done in stages, where calcium hydroxide had prepared by chemical method and analysis it by using atomic force microscopes (AFM),scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as a first stage. In the second phase, initialize and the preparation of samples and study the properties of synthetic and hardness and microscopic study of the state of fiber cellulosic. Third phase includes spraying the mixture of nanoparticles with the solvent (ethanol or brobanol) and then left to dry and studying their properties again, where the study proved the effectiveness of nano scale mixture to reduce the pH to a long-term period. This new style in dealing with manuscripts is clean and inexpensive.
Study the Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties for Laser Dye Rhodamine B
Authors: Alnayli Raad Sh. , Shanon Zahraa S. , Hadi Amara S.
Published: July 2019

In this study different concentrations (10-2, 10-3, 10-4) mol./l were prepared for Rhodamine B dye in solvent water at room temperature, then the optical linear properties for example transmission and absorption spectrum were calculated by employ UV-visible Spectrophotometer to find the linear index of refraction, the linear coefficient of absorption, the coefficient of extinction, and. reflectivity, the results showed an increase in the coefficient of extinction and index of refraction. values with the increase in the concentrations. The properties of nonlinear optical of the samples for example non-linear index of refraction, and non-linear coefficient of absorbance were measured by using a new technical method called the Z-Scan technique, in two parts; The first one was a closed aperture placed ahead of the detector to calculate the index of nonlinear refractive. While the second part; the aperture ahead the detector was taken away (open manhole) to calculate the coefficient of nonlinear absorption. The two cases were performed using diode laser of a continuous wave (CW) with 650 nm wavelength and input power of 50 mW. The result shows that the samples exhibit negative refractive index (-n
2) self-defocusing for all concentrations and two-photon absorption for open aperture Ž-Scan so that the laser dye at this study can be applied in nonlinear optics application and it is useful in the optical limiter applications.
Effect of porosity on evaluation of radon concentration in soil samples collected from Sulaymania governorate, Iraq
Authors: Salih Najeba F. , Aswood Murtadha Sh. , Hamzawi Anees A.
Published: July 2019

In this study maximum concentration of radon in different location of soil samples collected from Sulaymania governorate has been determined depending on the porosity, pores in the soil, allow water and gases to flow through these media. The porosity of different soils has been determined by diffusing radon gas through these soils. The maximum values of porosity have been found in Kanikurda (0.48), but the minimum in Sheakh-mhiddin (0.40). The lower and higher values of concentration of radon have been found in Zargata (66.80) Bq m-3, (128.00) Bq m-3 in Sheakh- mhiddin. Result showed that the maximum values of specific density and bulk density have been found (1777.77, 1047.11) kg m-3 in Twiymallik, and minimum (1423.49, 777.22) kg m-3 in Malkani, respectively. Average value of specific density (1551.607 kg m-3, 64%) was higher than the average value of bulk density (876.4335 kg m-3, 36%), also the average value of maximum concentration of radon - Cmax (1813.859 Bq m-3, 95%) was higher than the average value of concentration of radon (98.529 Bq m-3, 05%).
Determination of radon concentrations near mobile towers in selected cities of Babylon governorate, Iraq
Authors: Al-Hamzawi Anees A. , Tawfiq Nada F. , Aswood Murtadha Sh. , Najim Firas A.
Published: July 2019

Determination of radon concentration in a dwelling is preferred method for monitoring the internal exposure of radiological contaminants. Measurement the concentration of radon and their daughter products in indoor and outdoor of dwelling for Al-Medhatyah and Al-Hashimiyah cities, Babylon governorate near mobile stations were carried out by nuclear track detectors (CR-39) in a bare mode. The results show that the concentrations of indoor radon were found to vary from 85.51 Bq/m3 to 157.48 Bq/m3 with an average value of 131.43 ± 20.71 Bq/m3.This values was lower than the ICRP reco mmended values of (200 – 300 Bq/m3) and thus is within safe limits. The outdoor radon concentrations was vary fro m 100.75 Bq/m3 to 110.06 Bq/m3 with average 105.26 ± 3.8 Bq/m3, the outdoor radon concentration is usually low and less than average indoor levels. The equilibriu m-equivalent radon concentration (EECRN), potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC), annual exposure to potential alpha energy (EP), annual effective dose (AED) and the lung cancer cases per year per million people (CPPP) were calculated.
Calculation the (E2/M1) mixing ratios for 160,162 dysprosium isotopes using an IBM-2
Authors: Obaid Rawaa M , Al Shreefi Mohamed A
Published: July 2019

The energy levels, B(E2), B(M1) and the mixing ratios (E2/Ml) for chosen transitions are calculated for 160,162Dy isotopes using an IBM-2. The calculations are included for showing the effects of Majrona parameters on the energy of the blending symmetry states. The results obtained for dysprosium isotopes are agreement with the experimental results.
On the linearly and nonlinearly optical for the TiO2/rGO nanocomposite prepared by pulse Laser ablation in Liquid
Authors: Alnayli R Sh , Alkhazaali Hanan , Hakim Zeena
Published: July 2019

A nanostructured film composed of TiO2and reduced graphite oxide (rGO), the grapheme Flakes were prepared by reduction graphite oxide which was prepare use pulse laser ablation in double distilled and de-ionized water (DDDW) by (Q-switcher, Nd:YAG repetitive modified 6 Hz and the pulse duration 10ns) used wavelength 1064nm, 532nm, E=300mj and 1000pulses, The linear optical measurements showed that nanostructure (TiO2/rGO) thin films have direct energy gap. Morphology of the thin films was studied by characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). The particle size was calculated by using equation Debye – Scherer, The micrographs of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that TiO2/rGO has a fluffy aggregation and the form of grapheme as a flakes, AFM results show that the grain size increase by increasing wavelength. Also in theses papers, the nonlinearity property on this nanocomposite, such as nonlinearly index and nonlinearly absorption coefficients have measured use means of the rings diffraction set-up Z-scan techniques. It is educe that this prepared composite has extreme nonlinearity owing to the two photon absorption (TPA) and optical limiter phenomenally.
Investigation and characterization of simple chemical method Synthesized CdO-NiO Nancomposite
Authors: Ali Abd Mohamed , Hussein Ali Anwar , Abd Ahmed N.
Published: July 2019

The aim of this research is to study the effect of annealing on the physical properties of CdO:NiO thin film. In this research, cadmium oxide (CdO) and Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical method. The optical, structural and topographical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were investigated by using UV-VIS measurement, The plotted graphs show the optical characteristics of the films which varied with the wavelength and the photon energy, atomic force microscopy AFM, The structure of synthesized CdO and NiO thin films was analyzed by X-ray diffraction XRD which revealed that the CdO and NiO thin films are polycrystalline and have several peaks of cubic face structure. The crystallite size, dislocation density and microstrain of the thin films were calculated and listed. the same procedures are also calculated and included. CdO:NiO Nanofluorocarbons were synthesized by mixing% by weight (CdO and NiO).
The Defects Effect on Electronic and Structural Properties for Boron – Nitride Sulfide Ribbons as a Gas Sensor Using DFT
Authors: Mohammed Nemaa Saif , Mejbel Mohammed A. , Abduljalil Hayder M.
Published: July 2019

In this research study the effect defect on edge of boron – nitride ribbons using first principle study by function B3LYP with large basis set 6-31G. After complete relax replace boron atom by sulfur atom to modify ribbons sensing gas. We using (O2, NH3, CO and NO) gases to determine the ability of sensing depending on adsorption energy and total energy. All bond length are agreements with previous study for B-N, C-O, N-H, O2, N-O and N-S with bond length (1.45 – 1.4338), (1.4090 – 1.3545), (1.012 – 1.0122), (1.4722), (1.3988) and (1.6868) Angstrom. The best position for sensitivity for mixing gases equal (1.75) Angstrom with total energy -1797.434 a.u., this value of energy refer to stability of sensor energy. All sample under study that describe as semiconductor device that using in sensing gas particle depending on energy gap values in electron volt unit varies (0.6 – 1.1). The result from this research is change the insulator state of boron – nitride ribbon to semiconductor state depending on defect on edge of ribbons. Adsorption energy calculation classified that CO gas molecule have high ability of interaction with ribbon resulting from chemical adsorption. Other ribbon have interaction energy is low compared with CO gas molecule. All calculation employed using Gaussian 09 program.
Sources and Compositional Pattern of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water of Tigris River throughout Passing Baghdad Governorate
Authors: Nashaat Muhanned R , Al-Azawii Luma H A , Al-Azzawi Muhammad N
Published: July 2019

The present study was conducted on the Tigris River in Baghdad Governorate which starting from Al-Muthana bridge to Al-Zaufurania City before it’s jointed with Diyalla River. Six Sites were chosen on Tigris River along Baghdad Governorate. Surface water samples were collected bimonthly from January to December 2013 to measuring the concentrations and distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) once every two months and predicting their source of the samples of surface water. The lowest of total PAHs value was 0.007 ppm which recorded during October 2013 at Site 3 where as the highest value was 0.279 ppm which recorded during August 2013.The lowest value of 0.0002 ppm was recorded for Fluorene and Fluoranthene while the highest value of 0.2 ppm for Naphthalene was recorded at Site 3.The composition patterns of PAHs in water were determined. The lowest and highest value of 0.0037 and 0.204 ppm was recorded for 2-ring PAHs at site 3 and 6 during summer and winter of 2013, respectively. Whereas the lowest and highest value of 0.001 and 0.095 were recorded for 3-ring PAHs at site 5 and 6 during winter and summer 2013, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest and highest values of 4-ring PAHs were 0.001 and 0.078 which recorded at site 4 and 6, respectively, during summer 2013. The lowest and the highest concentration of 0.0023 and 0.179 were observed for 5-ring PAHs at site 1 during winter and spring 2013, respectively. The highest concentration of 6-ring PAHs was 0.03 ppm which recorded at site 1 in summer 2013 whereas the lowest concentration was 0.0031 ppm which recorded at site 1 and 3 in winter and spring 2013, respectively. According to the values of ratios (Phen/Ant, Flur/Py, LMW-PAHs/HMW-PAHs), the distribution of PAHs in water may have the origin from different source pyrogenic and petrogenic at site 4 and 5 and from pyrogenic and urban air in other sites of the present study.
Influence of Different Concentrations of Nano-Magnesium Oxide on the Growth of Coelastrella terrestris
Authors: Al-Khazali Zahra K.M. , Alghanmi Haider A.
Published: July 2019

Magnesium ions regulate the electronic properties of the tetrapyrrole ring of chlorophyll Without it, chlorophyll cannot capture sun energy needed for photosynthesis. This research dealt with effect of three concentrations of MgO nanoparticles chosen (25, 12.5,37.5 mg/l) according to concentration of magnesium in Chu-10 medium represented by MgSO4.7H2O (25 mg/l) on the growth rate and Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids content in the Coelastrella terrestris, which was classified in genotypic analysis and the partial18S rRNA gene sequence submitted to the GenBank database and obtained the accession number MK336793. The results showed decrease in all vital indicators remember previous when alga exposed to the MgO Nanoparticles in comparative to the control treatment which gave the best growth rate and Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids content of the alga. In spite of the magnesium is important to algae, this study found that when its existence in nanoparticles form may behave differently as toxic materials lead to inhibit the growth of Coelastrella terrestris. These results confirmed by the results of the statistical analysis at P<0.05.
LONG-TERM IMPACTS OF NITRATE IN FEED OF RABBITS ON THE HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND AMELIORATE ITS EFFECT BY USING VITAMIN C
Authors: Thabit Jassim Alrawi Saad , Mohammed Zuhair A. , Hussein Shalal M.
Published: July 2019

This study conducted to investigate the effect of nitrate and vitamin C infeed of the females rabbits on the haematological parameters. Twenty-eight adult New-Zealand females rabbits were divided randomly into four groups of 7 rabbits each, were fed nitrate and vitamin C 16 weeks as follow; Group 1 (G1) fed nitrate (170 mg/ kg B.W./ daily),Group 2 (G2) fed nitrate (170 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and vitamin C (50 mg / kg B.W./ daily), Group 3 (G3): fed nitrate (170 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and vitamin C (100 mg / kg B.W./ daily) and Group 4 (G4) fed a basal ration as control group. The results showed a significant decreased (P<0.05) in hematological parameters (WBC, RBC, PCV and Hb) in the group that fed nitrate (G1) compared with control group and groups that supplied vitamin C (G4, G2 and G3), whereas the groups that fed vitamin C showed a significant decreased (P<0.05) compared with the control group (G4). From results concluded, the nitrate has inhibition impact on the hematological parameters, while vitamin C decrease this effect.