bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective strategy for distinguishing raw and vinegar Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus based on electronic eye and electronic tongue combined with chemometrics
Authors: Wang Lixia , Liu Kaiyang , Wu Tong , Chen Xiaoxu , Chen Yingying , Yue Chunyu , Wang Zhuju , Wu Hongwei , Tang Liying
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (SCF), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used in treating virtual injury and strain since ancient times. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia reveals that SCF includes raw (RSCF) and vinegar‐processed (VSCF) decoction pieces.

Objective

This study developed an effective method combining the electronic eye (e‐eye), electronic tongue (e‐tongue), and chemometrics to discriminate RSCF and VSCF from the perspective of chemical composition, color, and taste.

Material and methods

First, RSCF were collected and processed into VSCF, and their color parameters, e‐tongue sensory properties, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra‐HPLC (UPLC) characteristic fingerprints, and nominal ingredients were determined. Multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component, linear discriminant, similarity, and partial least squares discriminant analyses, were conducted.

Results

HPLC and UPLC fingerprints were established, demonstrating a > 0.900 similarity. The content determination indicated increased schisantherin A, schisantherin B, and schisandrin A contents in VSCF. The e‐eye data demonstrated a > 1.5 total color difference before and after processing ΔE*ab, indicating the significantly changed sample color and appearance before and after processing. The e‐tongue technology was used to quantitatively characterize the taste of RSCF and VSCF. The t‐test revealed significantly reduced sourness, aftertaste‐bitter, and aftertaste‐astringent values of SCF after vinegar processing. Principal component and partial least squares discriminant analyses indicated that e‐eye and e‐tongue realize the rapid RSCF and VSCF identification.

Conclusion

The proposed comprehensive strategy of electronic eye and electronic tongue combined with chemometrics demonstrated satisfactory results with high efficiency, accuracy, and reliability. This can be developed into a novel and accurate method for discriminating RSCF and VSCF.
Effectiveness of early rehabilitation interventions in patients with traumatic brain injury using a large database
Authors: Hayashi Shota , Kamo Tomohiko , Momosaki Ryo
Published: August 2024

Background

Rehabilitation is important for patients with moderate‐to‐severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the timing of early rehabilitation initiation is ambiguous, and its safety and effectiveness are unknown.

Objective

To examine the effectiveness and safety of early rehabilitation in patients with moderate‐to‐severe TBI using propensity score analysis and a large database.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

A large medical database (JMDC database) of tertiary care facilities was used to compare outcomes of early and delayed rehabilitation.

Patients

Patients aged between 20 and 90 years who were diagnosed with TBI were admitted to acute care hospitals. Inclusion criteria were patients undergoing rehabilitation within 7 days of admission with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3 to 12 on admission. This study included 3074 patients with moderate‐to‐severe TBI.

Interventions

Patients were classified into an early rehabilitation group (within 2 days of admission) or a delayed rehabilitation group (3 to 7 days postadmission), depending on when rehabilitation started after TBI. Rehabilitation was defined as any type or intensity of intervention provided by a physical, occupational, and/or speech/language therapist. Interventions were not controlled.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The primary outcome was Barthel Index (BI) efficiency (BI gain/length of stay). Secondary outcomes included BI gain (discharge BI − admission BI), incidence of aspiration pneumonia complications during hospitalization, discharge to home, mortality, and length of stay.

Results

After applying inverse probability weighting with propensity scores, the total was 6152 patients. 3074 (50.0%) patients received early rehabilitation. The early rehabilitation group showed no difference in inpatient mortality (p = .438), improved BI efficiency (β = 0.86, p < .001), and shorter length of stay (β = −5.00, p = .018).

Conclusions

Early rehabilitation in patients with moderate‐to‐severe TBI is associated with more efficient functional improvement and reduced hospital stays without an increase in inpatient mortality.
Overnutrition in persons with cystic fibrosis on modulator therapy and the relationship to obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Jobanputra Aesha M. , Kesavarapu Keerthana , Naik Sreelatha , Ramagopal Maya , Scharf Matthew T. , Jagpal Sugeet
Published: August 2024

Cystic fibrosis (CF) care is evolving with the ubiquitous use of modulator therapy and resultant increase in lifespan. It is important for CF clinicians to monitor the pathologic weight gain that is concomitantly being seen as obesity is a known risk factor for multiple other diseases. In this review we focus on obesity in CF, discuss screening and lifestyle considerations, outline CF‐specific concerns with weight loss medications, and describe the vicious cycle of obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We discuss screening and treatment for OSA, as it directly correlates with weight fluctuation. We offer interim recommendations for CF teams as they continue to care for this population.
Advanced cystic fibrosis liver disease: Endovascular, endoscopic, radiologic, and surgical considerations
Authors: Palle Sirish K. , Leung Daniel H.
Published: August 2024

Up to 90% of people with CF (pwCF) will have some form of hepatobiliary involvement. This manuscript aims to explore the different endovascular, endoscopic, radiological and surgical procedures available to diagnose and manage the most severe form of CF hepatobiliary involvement (CFHBI) known as advanced cystic fibrosis liver disease (aCFLD), seen in 10% of pwCF. These procedures and interventions include liver biopsy, hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement, gastrostomy tube placement to optimize nutrition, paracentesis, endoscopic variceal control of bleeding and portosystemic shunting before liver transplantation. By utilizing advanced diagnostic or surgical techniques, healthcare professionals of pwCF can more effectively manage patients with CFHBI and aCFLD and potentially improve patient outcomes.
Transnational social fields of Italian Bangladeshis in Europe and beyond: Towards a new geography of ways of belonging
Authors: Morad Mohammad , Sacchetto Devi , Ansar Anas
Published: August 2024

In view of the growing onward migration and multisited transnationalism among naturalized EU citizens, this article seeks to advance the current understanding of transnational social fields, cataloguing the complex interplays of migrants' ways of being, belonging, and in‐betweenness across different places and spaces. Drawing on multisited qualitative research with Italian Bangladeshis in Italy and the United Kingdom, the paper presents how their ‘ways of being’ are expressed by maintaining transnational attachments to the country of origin and the wider Bangladeshi diaspora. In addition, they maintain transnational ‘ways of belonging’ by incorporating the Bengali language, culture, traditions, and values, and transmitting them to the next generation. Beyond these multiplicities of being and belonging, the findings put forward two important, yet contrasting, observations. On the one hand, there is an ongoing pursuit of onward migration to the UK among a section of the community—often influenced by social networks and transnational connections with the recognised Bangladeshi diaspora in the UK. Apart from being in the ‘community comfort zone’ and language advantage in the integration process, many migrants perceive living in the UK as having a higher ‘prestige’, ‘class’ or ‘status’ vis‐a‐vis Italy in terms of life quality, wealth, cultural, and religious freedom. On the other hand, another cohort is emotionally and culturally embedded in Italian societies and is in a dilemma of whether to migrate onward. In this process, they constantly blend, shift, and negotiate their ways of belonging. The findings unfold how a new geography of belonging takes shape, characterised by fluidities, multifaceted identities, and everyday life practices in a transnational space.
Towards carbon neutral cities: An insight for Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Gursoy Haksevenler Betul Hande
Published: August 2024

Turkey pledged net‐zero emissions by 2053 under the Paris Agreement. Istanbul, its largest city, aims to be carbon‐neutral by 2050. To accomplish this goal, the first step involves identifying emissions and devising reduction plans, with a focus on utilizing natural carbon sinks. This study assessed emissions and potential reductions across Istanbul's 39 districts. Greenhouse gas emissions were calculated using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines. Despite limited data on sink efficacy, a practical approach was adopted. According to the results, Istanbul emitted 58.5 million tons of CO2 equivalent, varying by district in 2022. In Istanbul, 32% of emissions come from electricity consumption, 29% from heating, 29% from transportation, and 10% from waste disposal. High emissions were observed near waste sites or airports. Carbon sinks reduced emissions by 11.5%, with only two districts achieving neutrality. Natural processes alone are not enough; urgent reduction strategies are needed, prioritizing high‐emission districts over citywide measures.
Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Electrochemical Behavior of Hydroxy‐Substituted Anils
Authors: Priyambada Biswal Supriya , Hota Prabhudatta , Ranjan Dash Manas , Kumari Misra Pramila
Published: August 2024

The present work explored the electrochemical behavior of two organic compounds, o‐hydroxybenzylidene‐orthochloroaniline(Anil‐1) and o‐hydroxynaphthalidene‐orthochloro aniline(Anil‐2) through a series of theoretical and experimental investigations. The vibrational frequencies of two anilswere analyzed experimentally by FTIR and theoretically by DFT studies. A comparison of the frequencies with their unsubstituted analog, o‐hydroxybenzylideneaniline, confirmed the electron‐donating nature of the −Cl and −OH substituents in anils. The hyperconjugative interaction energy obtained from NBO analysis divulged the direction of the electron donation from the donor orbitals to the acceptor orbitals. UV‐visible studies illustrated prominent π→π* electronic transitions with significant oscillator strength(0.10–0.26) and molar extinction coefficient(~104) experimentally. Analysis of the global and local reactive descriptors of anils revealed a lower HOMO‐LUMO energy gap of Anil‐2(4.05 eV) than Anil‐1(4.46 eV), corroborating the order of decreasing reactivity to be Anil‐2>Anil‐1. The Cyclic Voltammetry studies disclosed the involvement of an oxidation process in Anil‐1 and Anil‐2 with a higher oxidation potential of Anil‐1 (1.43 V) than Anil‐2(1.31 V) due to the naphthyl moiety of the latter. However, the absence of a cathodic peak in both cases envisaged the irreversible nature of oxidation. The results demonstrated that both the anils could be suitable optical materials for microelectronics applications.
Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzothiazoles via Nickel‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of 2‐Bromophenylisothiocyante with Amines
Authors: Philip Rose Mary , Saranya Padinjare Veetil , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: August 2024

A tandem strategy for the synthesis of 2‐aminobenzothiazoles from 2‐bromophenylisothiocyanate and amines is reported. The reaction occurred efficiently in presence of Ni(acac)2 as the catalyst precursor and ethanol as the solvent. A wide range of aliphatic amines including linear, branched, and cyclic primary and secondary amines proved potential substrates to construct diverse 2‐aminobenzothiazole derivatives in good yields. The reaction is thought to proceed via the formation of a thiourea intermediate and a sequential nickel‐catalyzed C−S bond formation.
Enthalpies of Mixing in Al−Ce−Co Liquid Alloys
Authors: Usenko Natalia , Ivanov Michael , Kotova Natalia
Published: August 2024

The enthalpies of mixing in liquid alloys of the ternary Al−Ce−Co system were determined along four sections (with a constant mole fraction ratio xCe/xCo=0.77/0.23 and xCe/xCo=0.35/0.65 up to xAl=0.2 at 1700 K; with xAl/xCo=0.76/0.24 up to xCe=0.3 and xAl/xCe=0.30/0.70 up to xCo=0.23 at 1823 K) via isoperibolic calorimetry. The enthalpies of mixing in the liquid Al−Ce−Co alloys are large exothermic values. A comparison of the experimentally obtained results for the enthalpies of mixing of liquid alloys and those calculated by the regular Redlich‐Kister‐Muggianu model, taking into account only the data for binary constituent systems, indicates the specific exothermic ‘ternary’ contribution to the energy of formation of Al−Ce−Co ternary alloys. Data on the partial enthalpy of mixing of cobalt at infinite dilution indicate the involvement of cerium 4 f‐electron in the process of alloy formation.
New Benzylidene‐Triazole Tethered Coumarin Molecular Hybrids: Synthesis, SAR, Molecular Modelling Simulations Targeting Tubulin α/β Dimer and its Antimicrobial Evaluation
Authors: Manda Raja Rameshu , Nadh Ratnakaram Venkata , Angajala Gangadhara , Viveka Tella Lakshmi , Aruna Valmiki
Published: August 2024

A series of new 7‐{3‐[3‐(Benzylidene‐amino)‐[1,2,4]triazole‐1‐yl]‐propoxy}‐4‐methyl‐chromen‐2‐one molecular hybrids 7(a–k) were synthesized using molecular hybridization approach. The synthesized new benzylidene‐triazole tethered coumarin molecular hybrids were characterized by spectroscopic studies and elemental analysis. The coumarin molecular hybrids have been explored for their antifungal efficacy in terms of tubulin inhibitors using molecular modelling studies against tubulin alphabeta hetero dimer protein. The results clearly demonstrated strong binding affinity of coumarin molecular hybrids with indole substituted and 2,4‐dihydroxy substituted as antagonists with respective binding scores of −10.5 and −10.7 kcal/mol towards tubulin alphabeta hetero dimer protein which was higher in comparison to standards griseofulvin (−8.2 kcal/mol) and fluconazole (−8.1 kcal/mol). In addition, broth dilution method was used to conduct in‐vitro antifungal studies against three fungal strains namely Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus. The results obtained clearly illustrate the antifungal activity of indole and 2,4‐dihydroxy substituted compounds which are consistent with docking simulations. Out of all the synthesized molecular hybrids, indole and 2,4‐dihydroxy substituted compounds depict outstanding antifungal activity with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 31.25 μg/ml and 62.5 μg/ml towards C.albicans and with MIC value of 31.25 for both these molecules towards A.niger in each case which is quite higher than griseofulvin and fluconazole respectively. Present work clearly demonstrates the potential efficacy of synthesized indole and 2,4‐dihydroxy substituted coumarin molecular hybrids to be considered as lead compounds for the development of new agents against resistant strains for the treatment of fungal infection.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Full Substituted Cyclohexa‐1,3‐dienes via Organocatalyzed Cascade Michael‐Cyclization of α, α‐Dicyanoalkenes with Nitroolefins
Authors: Cao Ling‐Feng , Yin Yue , Xie Yun‐Long , Xie Jian‐Wu
Published: August 2024

An efficient organocatalytic cascade vinylogous Michael‐cyclization to construct the challenging full substituted cyclohexa‐1,3‐dienes has been developed. Catalyzed by the cinchona alkaloids‐derived thiourea VIII at −60 °C, the products were obtained as a single diastereomer with two contiguous stereocenters and more than four different useful functional groups in moderate to good yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities.
tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide (TBHP): Recent Progress in C−H Functionalization and Heteroatom‐Heteroatom Bond Formations
Authors: Varala Ravi , Seema Vittal , Hussein Mohamed , Alam Mohammed Mujahid , Beda Durga Prasad
Published: August 2024

tert‐Butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH, TBHP) is a commonly used hydroperoxide in many oxidation processes. The primary factors contributing to the increasing usefulness of TBHP include its affordability, eco‐friendliness, exceptional efficacy, and capacity to substitute harmful or rare heavy metal oxidants. In this sexennial update, we thoroughly and critically examined the most noteworthy applications of TBHP in C−H functionalization and heteroatom‐heteroatom bond formation reactions from 2018 till the present. The review has been subdivided based on the nature of the bonds being formed. The review focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of using synthetic organic transformations, as well as the breadth of their use and the underlying mechanisms involved.
Two Aggregation‐Induced Emission Actives Triphenylamine‐Based Salicylaldimine Compounds for Latent Fingerprints Detection
Authors: Du Yusong , Tian Jiazhuang , Jiang Xiaozhou , Chen Chunlin , Yang Yanhua , Gao Shulin
Published: August 2024

To further explore the candidate materials for latent fingerprints detection, two triphenylamine‐based salicylaldimine compounds containing phenoxazine moiety (TPA‐PXZ) and carbazole unit (TPA‐Cz) were designed and successfully synthesized, respectively. They exhibited intramolecular charge transfer transitions and aggregation‐induced emission properties. Based on quantum chemical calculation results, it was found that compounds TPA‐Cz and TPA‐PXZ had twisted spatial configuration, which were responsible for aggregation‐induced emission. Meanwhile, the morphology of two compounds nano‐aggregates in the THF/water mixtures with 60 % and 80 % water content was tested. To our delight, the developers that prepared by compounds TPA‐Cz and TPA‐PXZ both were used for latent fingerprints detection on the surface of glasses, and they emitted purple fluorescence, as well as the distinct fingerprint imaging could be easily distinguished fingerprint level 1–3 details. We believe that TPA‐Cz and TPA‐PXZ both are the promising candidate for latent fingerprints detection.
Computational Investigations on Bis‐(ferrocenylmethyl)‐Based Sulphur Rich Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Singh Santosh Kumar , Mandal Sudip , Kushwaha Suman
Published: August 2024

In this work, a computational investigation of ferrocene (Fc)‐based compounds FcCH2CS3CH2Fc (1) and FcCH2SSCH2Fc (2) sensitizer for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been carried out to comprehend the photophysical and photo‐electrochemical properties. The density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) were employed to assess the photovoltaic parameters of the compounds. The frontier molecular orbital analysis revealed the electron density distribution at HOMO and LUMO, which clearly demonstrates the charge separation within the compounds. The electronic absorption spectra are simulated using the TD‐DFT method to comprehend the ability of the compounds to harvest sunlight and efficiently act as photosensitizer. Simulation of electronic spectra of dye@TiO2 cluster exhibits that the absorption coefficient of compound 1 is higher than compound 2 due to the greater extent of charge transfer from the dye to the TiO2 cluster. These computational findings are corroborated by the reported photovoltaic performance of the compounds.
Synthesis and Characterizations of BiFeO3 Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Application
Authors: Anburaja Ranjith , Shaik Kaleemulla
Published: August 2024

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) nanoparticles were synthesized using sol‐gel method and annealed at 450 °C, 550 °C, 650 °C, and 750 °C for 2 hours. The role of annealing temperature on structural, optical, magnetic, and dielectric properties of BiFeO3 nanoparticles was studied. XRD patterns of BiFeO3 nanoparticles confirm the rhombohedral structure with a mean crystallite size of 40 nm. The optical bandgap of the BiFeO3 nanoparticles increased from 1.9 eV to 2.02 eV with annealing temperature. From photoluminescence spectra, it was observed that the BiFeO3 nanoparticles showed a clear emission peak at 565 nm and its intensity decreased with annealing temperature. Magnetic properties of the BiFeO3 nanoparticles were studied at room temperature and different magnetic behaviours were found in BiFeO3 nanoparticles. The BiFeO3 nanoparticles exhibited ferromagnetism at low annealing temperatures and diamagnetic nature at high annealing temperatures. The AC conductivity studies showed that BiFeO3 nanoparticles possess a dielectric constant of 170 with the least dielectric loss. The BiFeO3 nanoparticles annealed at 750 °C were studied for photocatalytic properties and showed good photocatalytic activity in the visible region. A prominent absorption peak at 663 nm in absorption spectra due to MB and it confirm the utility of BFO as photocatalyst applications.
The competitive dynamics of strategic risk‐taking, unethical behavior, and entry
Authors: Ostler James
Published: August 2024

Research Summary

This article argues that strategic risk‐taking in the form of unethical behavior can lead to successful entry and that this entry can drive incumbents to either adopt similar behavior or potentially be forced out of the market. Thus, entrepreneurs can introduce innovative, but socially destructive, behavior to a market and motivate its adoption by incumbents. Empirical support is found using a policy change in the liver transplant market to identify the use and adoption of unethical misrepresentation of patient health status. This article contributes to our understanding of entrepreneurial strategy as well as the competitive dynamics between entrants and incumbents in adopting new risky innovations and, in particular, unethical behaviors.

Managerial Summary

This article highlights the impact of strategic risk‐taking through unethical practices, showing how they can sometimes lead to a successful market entry. Successful entry can force existing market players to either follow suit or risk being forced out of the market. This study looks at the liver transplant market, where transplant centers took advantage of a previous policy by misrepresenting patient health status to move their patients to the top of the transplant list. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the competitive dynamics of adopting innovative yet ethically questionable strategies by both new entrants and established companies, offering valuable insights into how businesses navigate competitive pressures and ethical boundaries. It also highlights the importance of policymakers considering these competitive dynamics when setting policy.
Bilayered Vanadium Oxides Pillared by Strontium Ions and Water Molecules as Stable Cathodes for Rechargeable Zn‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Lineng , Zhang Wenwei , Yu Gongtao , He Ze , Tang Wen , Hu Ping , Yang Wei , Zhu Jiexin , Su Qin , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang
Published: August 2024

Vanadium‐based compounds have attracted significant attention as cathodes for aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) because of their remarkable advantages in specific capacities. However, their low diffusion coefficient for zinc ions and structural collapse problems lead to poor rate capability and cycle stability. In this work, bilayered Sr0.25V2O5·0.8H2O (SVOH) nanowires are first reported as a highly stable cathode material for rechargeable AZMBs. The synergistic pillaring effect of strontium ions and water molecules improves the structural stability and ion transport dynamics of vanadium‐based compounds. Consequently, the SVOH cathode exhibits a high capacity of 325.6 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, with a capacity retention rate of 72.6% relative to the maximum specific capacity at 3.0 A g−1 after 3000 cycles. Significantly, a unique single‐nanowire device is utilized to demonstrate the excellent conductivity of the SVOH cathode directly. Additionally, the energy storage mechanism of zinc insertion and extraction is investigated using a variety of advanced in situ and ex situ analysis techniques. This method of ion intercalation to improve electrochemical performance will further promote the development of AZMBs in large‐scale applications.
Lignin‐Stabilized Tough, Sticky, and Recyclable Liquid Metal/Protein Organogels for Multifunctional Epidermal Smart Materials
Authors: Wu Xiaoxue , Qi Zhiqiang , Zhang Wenbin , Cai Hongzhen , Han Xiangsheng , Yang Keyan
Published: August 2024

Biomass‐encapsulated liquid metals (LMs) composite gels have aroused tremendous attention as epidermal smart materials due to their biocompatibility and sustainability. However, they can still not simultaneously possess toughness, adhesion, and recoverability. In this work, the tough, sticky, and recyclable protein‐encapsulated LMs organogels (GLMx) are fabricated through the micro‐interfacial stabilization of LMs by lignin and the following preparation of food‐making inspired gels. With the help of lignin modification, the LMs micro‐drops demonstrated uniform dispersion in the protein matrix, as well as dense non‐covalent interactions (e.g., H─bond and hydrophobic interaction) with amino acid residues in peptide chains, which endowed the GLMx with high conductivity (≈5.4 S m−1), toughness (≈738.2 kJ m−3), self‐adhesiveness (a maximal lap‐shear strength of ≈58.3 kPa), and recoverability. By tightly adhering onto human skin, the GLMx can act as epidermal sensors to detect drastic (e.g., joint bending) and subtle body movements (e.g., swallowing) and even recognize handwriting and speaking in real‐time. Moreover, the organogels can also harvest solar energy and convert it into heat and electricity, which is promising in self‐powered intelligent devices. Thus, this work paves a facile way to prepare protein/LMs composite organogels that are suitable for multiple applications like healthcare, human‐robot interactions, and solar energy conversion.
Systematic “Apple‐to‐Apple” Comparison of Single‐Crystal and Polycrystalline Ni‐Rich Cathode Active Materials: From Comparable Synthesis to Comparable Electrochemical Conditions
Authors: Lüther Marco Joes , Jiang Shi‐Kai , Lange Martin Alexander , Buchmann Julius , Gómez Martín Aurora , Schmuch Richard , Placke Tobias , Hwang Bing Joe , Winter Martin , Kasnatscheew Johannes
Published: August 2024

State‐of‐the‐art ternary layered oxide cathode active materials in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) consist of polycrystalline (PC), i.e., micron‐sized secondary particles, which in turn consist of numerous nanosized primary particles. Recent approaches to develop single crystals (SCs), i.e., single and separated micron‐sized primary particles, appear promising in terms of cycle life given their mechanical stability. However, a direct and systematic (“fair”) comparison of SC with PC in LIB cell application remains a challenge due to both differences on material level and state‐of‐charge (SoC), as SCs typically have slightly lower delithiation capacities/Li+ extraction ratios. In this work, PC and SC Li[Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1]O2 (NMC811) are synthesized with comparable bulk and surface characteristics from identical self‐synthesized precursors. Indeed, the cycle life of SCs is not only superior, when conventionally charged to equal upper cutoff voltage (UCV), as shown in NMC||Li and NMC||graphite cells, but also after adjusting UCVs to similar SoCs, where bigger SCs counterintuitively have even a better rate performance and cycle life.
Functional data analysis using deep neural networks
Authors: Wang Shuoyang , Zhang Wanyu , Cao Guanqun , Huang Yuan
Published: August 2024

Functional data analysis is an evolving field focused on analyzing data that reveals insights into curves, surfaces, or entities within a continuous domain. This type of data is typically distinguished by the inherent dependence and smoothness observed within each data curve. Traditional functional data analysis approaches have predominantly relied on linear models, which, while foundational, often fall short in capturing the intricate, nonlinear relationships within the data. This paper seeks to bridge this gap by reviewing the integration of deep neural networks into functional data analysis. Deep neural networks present a transformative approach to navigating these complexities, excelling particularly in high‐dimensional spaces and demonstrating unparalleled flexibility in managing diverse data constructs. This review aims to advance functional data regression, classification, and representation by integrating deep neural networks with functional data analysis, fostering a harmonious and synergistic union between these two fields. The remarkable ability of deep neural networks to adeptly navigate the intricate functional data highlights a wealth of opportunities for ongoing exploration and research across various interdisciplinary areas.

This article is categorized under:

Data: Types and Structure > Time Series, Stochastic Processes, and Functional Data

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Deep Learning

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Neural Networks
Einleitung
Authors: Pelster Clemens
Published: August 2024

Digitale Transformation ist eine der bedeutendsten Herausforderungen der heutigen Zeit und kann entscheidend für die Zukunftsfähigkeit von Unternehmen sein. Von einer dementsprechend hohen Bedeutung diesbezüglicher Informationen ist für die (potenziellen) Stakeholder eines Unternehmens auszugehen, um über die Aufrechterhaltung ihrer bzw. das Eingehen einer Geschäftsbeziehung mit einem Unternehmen entscheiden zu können. Da ein Unternehmen ohne Stakeholder nicht fortbestehen kann, ist ferner von einem beiderseitigen Interesse der Vermittlung von Informationen zur digitalen Transformation des Unternehmens auszugehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in Kapitel 1 des Werkes zunächst die Problemstellung konkretisiert und auf das Fehlen konkreter Vorgaben oder Empfehlungen zu einer Berichterstattung zur digitalen Transformation aufmerksam gemacht. Daran anknüpfend wird in der Arbeit das Ziel verfolgt, ein Berichtskonzept zur externen Unternehmensberichterstattung über digitale Transformation zu entwickeln, um Berichtserstellern eine Hilfestellung zu geben und die Entscheidungsnützlichkeit der Berichterstattung durch eine zweckorientierte Einbeziehung zeitgemäßer Sachverhalte zu erhöhen. Abschließend wird die Vorgehensweise zur Konzeptionierung der Berichterstattung über digitale Transformation anhand des Aufbaus der Arbeit skizziert.
Ökonomische Notwendigkeit eines Berichtskonzepts zur externen Unternehmensberichterstattung über digitale Transformation
Authors: Pelster Clemens
Published: August 2024

In dem vorliegenden Kapitel wird untersucht, ob eine Unternehmensberichterstattung zur digitalen Transformation an externe Adressaten aus ökonomischen Gesichtspunkten (theoretisch) erforderlich ist und inwieweit diese mittels eines Berichtskonzepts geregelt werden sollte. Eingangs wird hierzu konkretisiert, was unter digitaler Transformation zu verstehen ist und welche Bedeutung diese für den Fortbestand bzw. künftigen Erfolg eines Unternehmens haben kann. Daraufhin wird auf Grundlage dieser Bedeutung sowohl das Bedürfnis der mit Unternehmen in Verbindung stehenden Stakeholder nach Informationen zur digitalen Transformation theoretisch fundiert als auch erläutert, inwieweit für Unternehmen selbst ein Anreiz besteht, entsprechende Informationen zu veröffentlichen. Im Zuge dessen wird im Hinblick auf die in Abschnitt 1.2 dargelegte Leitfrage – vorbehaltlich des weiteren Verlaufs der Arbeit – beantwortet, wem und wozu Unternehmen über digitale Transformation berichten sollten. Ferner wird aufgezeigt, welche Vorteile eine Standardisierung sowohl den Berichtserstellern als auch den Berichtsadressaten bieten kann. Anschließend wird überprüft, inwieweit sich ausgewählte Berichtsinstrumente der Pflichtpublizität grundsätzlich zur externen Berichterstattung eignen. Im Zuge dessen wird gezeigt, dass im Jahres-/Konzernabschluss die digitale Transformation von Unternehmen bzw. deren Auswirkung insb. aufgrund restriktiver Vorgaben zur Bilanzierung immaterieller Werte, welche häufig im Zusammenhang mit digitaler Transformation entstehen, nur unzureichend abbildet werden kann. Da eine Anpassung der Vorgaben zur Bilanzierung aufgrund der ihnen zugrundeliegenden Zwecke und Grundsätze als unwahrscheinlich zu erachten ist, wird eine ergänzende bzw. qualitative Berichterstattung als vielversprechendere Lösung angesehen, um die diesbezüglichen Defizite des Jahres-/Konzernabschlusses auszugleichen. Ein solches Berichtsinstrument, welches zudem stetig an Bedeutung gewinnt, ist der (Konzern-)Lagebericht. Explizite Vorgaben zur Berichterstattung über digitale Transformation gibt es für ihn zwar nicht. Es wird jedoch herausgearbeitet, dass er sich im Hinblick auf seinen zugrundeliegenden Zweck sowie die geforderten Inhalte grundsätzlich eignet, um potenziell entscheidungsnützliche Informationen zur digitalen Transformation aufzunehmen. Inwieweit potenzielle Adressaten jedoch tatsächlich eine systematische Vermittlung von Informationen zur digitalen Transformation als notwendig erachten ist (u.a.) Gegenstand der nachfolgenden Kapitel.
Empirische Untersuchung der Anforderungen potenzieller Stakeholder an eine entscheidungsnützliche externe Unternehmensberichterstattung über digitale Transformation
Authors: Pelster Clemens
Published: August 2024

Inwieweit externe Stakeholder bzw. potenzielle Adressaten tatsächlich eine systematische Vermittlung von Informationen zur digitalen Transformation als notwendig erachten und wie diese ggf. ausgestaltet sein sollte, um entsprechend entscheidungsnützlich zu sein, ist Gegenstand des vorliegenden Kapitels. Ziel dieses Kapitels ist es demnach, die Anforderungen potenzieller Stakeholder an eine entscheidungsnützliche externe Unternehmensberichterstattung über digitale Transformation zu erheben. Konkret wird hierzu in Orientierung an die Leitfrage der vorliegenden Arbeit (Abschnitt 1.2) mittels einer Befragung potenzieller Stakeholder ergründet, welche Unternehmen (wer), wo, wann, was und wie zur digitalen Transformation berichten sollten. Die erhobenen Anforderungen fließen zum einen unmittelbar in das in dieser Arbeit zu entwickelnde Berichtskonzept ein (Kapitel 6). Zum andern dienen sie der in Kapitel 4 folgenden Auslegung der regulatorischen Vorgaben desjenigen Berichtsinstruments als Ausgangsbasis, welches sich aus Sicht der befragten Stakeholder am besten für eine Berichterstattung über digitale Transformation eignet. Außerdem ermöglichen sie es, die in Kapitel 5 zu untersuchende Berichterstattungspraxis zu würdigen und Verbesserungspotenziale zu identifizieren. Die durchgeführte Studie ist die bisher einzige, in welcher Anforderungen an eine externe Berichterstattung über digitale Transformation von Unternehmen erhoben worden sind.
The giant graviton expansion
Authors: Gaiotto Davide , Lee Ji Hoon
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We propose and test a novel conjectural relation satisfied by the superconformal index of maximally supersymmetric U(N) gauge theory in four dimensions. Analogous relations appear to be also valid for the superconformal indices of a large collection of other gauge theories, as well as for a broad class of index-like generating functions. The relation expresses the finite N index as a systematic series of corrections to a large N answer. Individual corrections have an holographic interpretation as the analytic continuation of contributions from “giant graviton” branes fixed by a specific symmetry generator.
Looking for the G2 Higgs branch of 4D rank 1 SCFTs
Authors: Abhishek Md. , Grover Sachin , Jatkar Dileep P. , Singh Kajal
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The Schur index of the Higgs branch of 4-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs is related to the spectrum of non-unitary 2-dimensional CFTs. The rank 1 case has been shown to lead to the non-unitary CFTs with Deligne-Cvitanovic (DC) exceptional sequence of Lie groups. We show that a subsequence (A0,$$ {A}_{\frac{1}{2}} $$

A

1
2

, A1, A2, D4) within the non-unitary sequence is related to a subsequence in the Mathur-Mukhi-Sen (MMS) sequence of unitary theories. We show that 2D non-unitary G2 theory is related to unitary E6 theory, and using this result along with the Galois conjugation, we propose that the G2 Higgs branch is a sub-branch of the E6 Higgs branch.
Lang wirksames Wachstumshormon – eine neue Therapieoption für Kinder mit Wachstumshormonmangel: Status 2024
Authors: Dörr Helmuth G. , Bettendorf Markus , Woelfle Joachim , Saenger Paul , Ranke Michael B.
Published: August 2024

Kleinwüchsige Kinder mit einem Wachstumshormonmangel (GHD) können seit 1987 in Deutschland mit rekombinantem humanem Wachstumshormon (rhGH) behandelt werden, wobei rhGH täglich, einmal abends, als s.c.-Injektion verabreicht wird. Die Therapie hat sich über mehr als 4 Jahrzehnte als wirksam und sicher erwiesen. Langzeitbeobachtungen an Kindern mit GHD zeigten, dass ca. 10–20 % der Kinder keine Erwachsenengröße im Zielbereich der Eltern erreichen. Als vordringlicher Grund hierfür wird eine unzureichende Verordnungstreue (Adhärenz) wegen der notwendigen, aber unangenehmen, täglichen s.c.-Injektionen angenommen. Dies führte zur Entwicklung von lang wirksamem GH („long-acting GH“ [LAGH]), das nur einmal wöchentlich injiziert wird. Seit Ende 2023 stehen in Deutschland drei LAGH-Präparate für die Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen ab einem Alter von 3 Jahren mit einer Wachstumsstörung durch eine unzureichende Ausschüttung von GH zur Verfügung. Die Präparate sind in ihrer chemischen Gesamtstruktur unterschiedlich. Das LAGH bindet wie rhGH an den GH-Rezeptor und initiiert die Signalkaskade, die zur Aktivierung des Wachstums und Stoffwechsels führt. Die LAGH-Präparate konnten in Phase-3-Studien zeigen, dass sie der täglichen s.c.-rhGH-Therapie nicht unterlegen sind und über ein vergleichbares Sicherheitsprofil verfügen. Aufgrund fehlender Langzeitdaten können mögliche Sicherheitsbedenken nicht vollständig ausgeräumt werden. Die LAGH-Präparate eröffnen eine neue Option bei der Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit GHD. Langzeitwirksamkeit und -sicherheit müssen jedoch weiter evaluiert werden. Vor der Behandlung müssen Eltern und Patienten über alle relevanten Aspekte der neuen Behandlung aufgeklärt werden. In der Übersichtsarbeit werden die aktuell in Deutschland zugelassenen LAGH-Präparate zusammen mit den bisher dazu publizierten Daten aus pädiatrischer Sicht diskutiert.
AGV and Industry 4.0 in warehouses: a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and an innovative framework for flexible automation
Authors: Ellithy Kareim , Salah Mariam , Fahim Irene S. , Shalaby Raafat
Published: August 2024

The just-in-time concept, mass customization, omnichannel distribution, and the rising global population have all fueled the logistics sector. Consequently, using automation inside the warehouses to make them more dynamic and sustainable for the future is one of the crucial components to adapt to this quick shift. Giants in the industry and technology are becoming more interested in the “smart warehouse” system, built with innovative warehousing technologies, as an achievable solution for the development of warehouses in the future. To contextualize the past and provide light on prospective future directions, a study of current articles in the literature is important. This study evaluates works published in the previous 32 years related to flexible automation in warehouses to create a framework that future academics might use to guide them in establishing an original conceptual model that might be implemented at warehouses. One hundred eleven selected, examined, and categorized publications were published between 1990 and 2022 to establish a significant foundation for earlier research. Results indicated that combining automated machinery, collecting data technologies, and management systems are essential to creating a flexible automated warehouse. Finally, based on the examined literature, a flexible automated warehouse framework is suggested to direct future research in this field.
Quantinar: a blockchain peer-to-peer ecosystem for modern data analytics
Authors: Bag Raul , Spilak Bruno , Winkel Julian , Härdle Wolfgang Karl
Published: August 2024

The power of data and correct statistical analysis has never been more prevalent. Academics and practitioners require nowadays an accurate application of quantitative methods. Yet many branches are subject to a crisis of integrity, which is shown in an improper use of statistical models, p-hacking, HARKing, or failure to replicate results. We propose the use of a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) ecosystem based on a blockchain network, Quantinar, to support quantitative analytics knowledge paired with code in the form of Quantlets or software snippets. The integration of blockchain technology allows Quantinar to ensure fully transparent and reproducible scientific research.
Conversion of anti-tissue factor antibody sequences to chimeric antigen receptor and bi-specific T-cell engager format
Authors: Saunderson S. C. , Halpin J. C. , Tan G. M. Y. , Shrivastava P. , McLellan A. D.
Published: August 2024

Background

The efficacy of antibody-targeted therapy of solid cancers is limited by the lack of consistent tumour-associated antigen expression. However, tumour-associated antigens shared with non-malignant cells may still be targeted using conditionally activated-antibodies, or by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells or CAR NK cells activated either by the tumour microenvironment or following 'unlocking' via multiple antigen-recognition. In this study, we have focused on tissue factor (TF; CD142), a type I membrane protein present on a range of solid tumours as a basis for future development of conditionally-activated BiTE or CAR T cells. TF is frequently upregulated on multiple solid tumours providing a selective advantage for growth, immune evasion and metastasis, as well as contributing to the pathology of thrombosis via the extrinsic coagulation pathway.

Methods

Two well-characterised anti-TF monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were cloned into expression or transposon vectors to produce single chain (scFv) BiTE for assessment as CAR and CD28-CD3-based CAR or CD3-based BiTE. The affinities of both scFv formats for TF were determined by surface plasmon resonance. Jurkat cell line-based assays were used to confirm the activity of the BiTE or CAR constructs.

Results

The anti-TF mAb hATR-5 and TF8-5G9 mAb were shown to maintain their nanomolar affinities following conversion into a single chain (scFv) format and could be utilised as CD28-CD3-based CAR or CD3-based BiTE format.

Conclusion

Because of the broad expression of TF on a range of solid cancers, anti-TF antibody formats provide a useful addition for the development of conditionally activated biologics for antibody and cellular-based therapy.
Genomic and transcriptomic profiles associated with response to eribulin and nivolumab combination in HER-2-negative metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Park Changhee , Suh Koung Jin , Kim Se Hyun , Lee Kyung-Hun , Im Seock-Ah , Kim Min Hwan , Sohn Joohyuk , Jeong Jae Ho , Jung Kyung Hae , Lee Kyoung Eun , Park Yeon Hee , Kim Hee-Jun , Cho Eun Kyung , Choi In Sil , Noh Seung-Jae , Shin Inkyung , Cho Dae-Yeon , Kim Jee Hyun
Published: August 2024

Background

Biomarkers for predicting response to the immunotherapy and chemotherapy combination in breast cancer patients are not established. In this study, we report exploratory genomic and transcriptomic analyses of pretreatment tumor tissues from patients enrolled in phase II clinical trial of a combination of eribulin and nivolumab for HER-2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) (KORNELIA trial, NCT04061863).

Methods

We analyzed associations between tumor molecular profiles based on genomic (n = 76) and transcriptomic data (n = 58) and therapeutic efficacy. Patients who achieved progression-free survival (PFS) ≥ 6 months were defined as PFS6-responders and PFS6-nonresponders otherwise.

Findings

Analyses on tumor mutation burden (TMB) showed a tendency toward a favorable effect on efficacy, while several analyses related to homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) indicated a potentially negative impact on efficacy. Patients harboring TP53 mutations showed significantly poor PFS6 rate and PFS, which correlated with the enrichment of cell cycle-related signatures in PFS6-nonresponders. High antigen presentation gene set enrichment scores (≥ median) were significantly associated with longer PFS. Naïve B-cell and plasma cell proportions were considerably higher in long responders (≥ 18 months).

Interpretation

Genomic features including TMB, HRD, and TP53 mutations and transcriptomic features related to immune cell profiles and cell cycle may distinguish responders. Our findings provide insights for further exploring the combination regimen and its biomarkers in these tumors.
Anlotinib reversed resistance to PD-1 inhibitors in recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancers: a real-world retrospective study
Authors: Jiang Jianyun , Wu Bin , Sun Ying , Xiang Jun , Shen Chunying , He Xiayun , Ying Hongmei , Xia Zuguang
Published: August 2024

Patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancers (R/M HNCs) are prone to developing resistance after immunotherapy. This retrospective real-world study aims to investigate whether the addition of anlotinib can reverse resistance to PD-1 inhibitors (PD-1i) and evaluate the efficacy and safety of this combination in R/M HNCs. Main outcomes included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), duration of response (DOR), and safety. Potential biomarkers included PD-L1 expression, lipid index, and genomic profiling. Twenty-one patients with R/M HNCs were included, including 11 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), five head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), three salivary gland cancers (SGC), and two nasal cavity or paranasal sinus cancers (NC/PNC). Among all patients, ORR was 47.6% (95% CI: 28.6–66.7), with 2 (9.5%) complete response; DCR was 100%. At the median follow-up of 17.1 months, the median PFS and OS were 14.3 months (95% CI: 5.9-NR) and 16.7 months (95% CI:8.4-NR), respectively. The median DOR was 11.2 months (95% CI: 10.1-NR). As per different diseases, the ORR was 45.5% for NPC, 60.0% for HNSCC, 66.7% for SGC, and 50.0% for NC/PNC. Most treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were grade 1 or 2 (88.9%). The most common grades 3–4 TRAE was hypertension (28.6%), and two treatment-related deaths occurred due to bleeding. Therefore, adding anlotinib to the original PD-1i could reverse PD-1 blockade resistance, with a favorable response rate, prolonged survival, and acceptable toxicity, indicating the potential as a second-line and subsequent therapy choice in R/M HNCs.
Prävention des ischämischen Schlaganfalls im Alter
Authors: Iglseder Bernhard , Mutzenbach J. Sebastian
Published: August 2024

Der Schlaganfall ist eine der Hauptursachen für bleibende Behinderung und Tod; das Risiko steigt mit dem Alter. Der Primär- und Sekundärprävention kommt eine hohe Priorität zu. Die Behandlung von Risikofaktoren wie Bluthochdruck, Diabetes mellitus und Hyperlipidämie ist neben der Optimierung von Lebensstil und Ernährung ebenso bedeutend wie die Antikoagulation bei Vorhofflimmern. In der Rezidivprophylaxe spielen Thrombozytenfunktionshemmer eine Rolle, Karotisoperation oder Stenting kommen bei ausgewählten Individuen zum Einsatz. Für alte Menschen gibt es nur geringe Studienevidenz; eine individualisierte Therapieplanung berücksichtigt funktionellen Status und Komorbiditäten.