bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association of histologic grade with acute graft‐versus‐host disease response and outcomes
Authors: Narkhede Mayur , Rybicki Lisa , Abounader Donna , Bolwell Brian , Dean Robert , Gerds Aaron T. , Hanna Rabi , Hill Brian , Jagadeesh Deepa , Kalaycio Matt , Liu Hien D. , Pohlman Brad , Sobecks Ronald , Majhail Navneet S. , Ky Hamilton Betty
Published: April 2017

Consensus criteria are routinely used to clinically grade acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). A histologic grading system for acute GVHD is available, but there are limited data on its correlation with clinical grade and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) outcomes. Among 503 patients who underwent allogeneic HCT from 2005 to 2013, we identified 300 biopsy episodes of the skin and gastrointestinal (GI) tract in 231 patients. Histologic grade was correlated with clinical grade of GVHD, day 28 treatment response, and outcome. Both skin (R = 0.32) and GI (R = 0.61) histologic grade correlated with clinical grade (P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, histologic grade (HR 0.87, P = 0.011) and clinical grade (HR 0.86, P = 0.008) were significantly associated with day 28‐treatment response. A histologic grade lower than its associated clinical grade predicted for better response (HR 1.26, P = 0.027), while a histologic grade higher than associated clinical grade had no correlation with response (P = 0.89). Both clinical and histologic GVHD grade were significant predictors of non‐relapse mortality (HR 1.47, P = 0.04 and HR 1.67, P = 0.002, respectively) and all‐cause mortality (HR 1.57, P = 0.001 and HR 1.29, P = 0.046, respectively). Histologic GVHD grade thus is correlated with clinical grading and treatment response, and may play a role in further predicting severity and treatment response of acute GVHD.
The role of carbon monoxide and heme oxygenase in the prevention of sickle cell disease vaso‐occlusive crises
Authors: Gomperts Edward , Belcher John D. , Otterbein Leo E. , Coates Thomas D. , Wood John , Skolnick Brett E. , Levy Howard , Vercellotti Gregory M.
Published: April 2017

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a painful, lifelong hemoglobinopathy inherited as a missense point mutation in the hemoglobin (Hb) beta‐globin gene. This disease has significant impact on quality of life and mortality, thus a substantial medical need exists to reduce the vaso‐occlusive crises which underlie the pathophysiology of the disease. The concept that a gaseous molecule may exert biological function has been well known for over one hundred years. Carbon monoxide (CO), although studied in SCD for over 50 years, has recently emerged as a powerful cytoprotective biological response modifier capable of regulating a host of physiologic and therapeutic processes that, at low concentrations, exerts key physiological functions in various models of tissue inflammation and injury. CO is physiologically generated by the metabolism of heme by the heme oxygenase enzymes and is measurable in blood. A substantial amount of preclinical and clinical data with CO have been generated, which provide compelling support for CO as a potential therapeutic in a number of pathological conditions. Data underlying the therapeutic mechanisms of CO, including in SCD, have been generated by a plethora of in vitro and preclinical studies including multiple SCD mouse models. These data show CO to have key signaling impacts on a host of metallo‐enzymes as well as key modulating genes that in sum, result in significant anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant and anti‐apoptotic effects as well as vasodilation and anti‐adhesion of cells to the endothelium resulting in preservation of vascular flow. CO may also have a role as an anti‐polymerization HbS agent. In addition, considerable scientific data in the non‐SCD literature provide evidence for a beneficial impact of CO on cerebrovascular complications, suggesting that in SCD, CO could potentially limit these highly problematic neurologic outcomes. Research is needed and hopefully forthcoming, to carefully elucidate the safety and benefits of this potential therapy across the age spectrum of patients impacted by the host of pathophysiological complications of this devastating disease.
What is significant about a single nursing session? An exploratory study
Authors: Miller Elizabeth M.
Published: April 2017

Objectives

Researchers and clinicians specializing in breastfeeding often rely on measuring one nursing session to characterize the breastfeeding relationship. However, less is known about the descriptive or statistically predictive characteristics of one nursing session. The purposes of this study are twofold: (1) to explore the relationships between variables in a single nursing session; and (2) to study the association between variables in a single nursing session and infant length‐for‐age (LAZ) and weight‐for‐age (WAZ).

Methods

In 63 nursing mother‐infant pairs in the United States, anthropometric measurement and observation of a single nursing session revealed six nursing session variables: fore milk fat percent, hind milk fat percent, infant milk intake, duration of session, time since last session, and time of day of session.

Results

A principle factor analysis, undertaken to explore latent variables underlying the six session variables, revealed two factors: (1) loaded highly on fore and hind milk fat percentage, reflecting the overall fat percent in a feed; and (2) loaded highly on milk intake and hind milk fat percentage, indicating the process of breast emptying. In multivariate analyses of all session variables on infant LAZ and WAZ, only hind milk fat percentage was significantly negatively associated with LAZ (β = −0.14, P = .01 (two‐tailed), R2 = 0.070), confirmed by a significant negative association between LAZ and factor one (β = −0.32, P = .05 (two‐tailed), R2 = 0.090).

Conclusions

This research describes the dynamics of a single nursing session, and has the potential to help explain variation in infant growth and nutrition.
Uncatalyzed C−H Amination of Aromatic Compounds under Unusually Mild Conditions with Negative Enthalpies of Activation
Authors: Langhals Heinz , Eberspächer Moritz , Mayer Peter
Published: April 2017

Aromatic amines have been synthesized by the simple treatment of carboximides with concentrated azetidine in a fast reaction at room temperature. Strongly negative energies of activation and high reaction order for azetidine were found, which violated Arrhenius′ theory for a simple activated complex. The application of this reaction to perylenes allowed the synthesis of bathochromically absorbing functional dyes.
Structural and Aromaticity Control of [34]Octaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0) by Protonation and Deprotonation
Authors: Naoda Koji , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: April 2017

The structural and aromaticity control of hexakis(pentafluorophenyl) [34]octaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0) 1 was examined by protonation and deprotonation. Protonation of 1 with methanesulfonic acid (MSA) induced a structural change from a figure‐eight to a rectangular shape, accompanied by an aromaticity change from nonaromatic to strong Hückel aromatic. Deprotonation of 1 with tetrabutylammonium difluorotriphenylsilicate (TBAT) or fluoride (TBAF) produced a mono‐deprotonated species with a similar figure‐eight conformation and nonaromaticity.
Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection of Anthrax Biomarker with EuIII‐EDTA Functionalized Mixed Poly(diacetylene) Liposomes
Authors: Seo Hyewon , Singha Subhankar , Ahn Kyo Han
Published: April 2017

Anthrax, a bacteriogenic fatal infectious disease that is harmful to humans, requires the early and ready detection of its bacterial endospores. We report herein the use of poly(diacetylene acid) derived liposomes functionalized with EuIII‐EDTA complexes as a ratiometric fluorescence detection system for dipicolinate, an anthrax biomarker and major component of the endospores. The red fluorescence of the polymerized liposomes provides a built‐in reference signal to monitor the relative change of the europium luminescence sensitized by the bound dipicolinate relative to the reference liposome emission. The liposome‐based integrated sensing system shows reasonable sensitivity as well as remarkable selectivity toward dipicolinate over other structurally related analytes. Paper strip sensors based on the polymerized liposomes are also prepared for the visible detection of dipicolinate.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Methylhetarenes with Imidazoheterocycles towards Efficient C(sp2)−H Carbonylation
Authors: Sultana Faria , Shaik Siddiq Pasha , Alarifi Abdullah , Srivastava Ajay Kumar , Kamal Ahmed
Published: April 2017

An efficient method for the oxidative cross‐coupling of methylhetarenes with imidazoheterocycles by employing an eco‐friendly iodine/DMSO reagent system has been developed. This C(sp2)−H carbonylation reaction proceeds through an in situ oxidation of a methylhetarene into a formylhetarene followed by an oxidative cross‐coupling reaction with an imidazoheterocycle. This method has a wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance and enables the construction of a large number of carbonylated imidazoheterocycles in very good yields.
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Stereoselective [7+7] Intermolecular Cyclization of Aniline‐Tethered Alkylidenecyclopropanes: A One‐Step Synthetic Protocol of 14‐Membered Macrocyclic Dimers
Authors: Hu Xu‐Bo , Chen Kai , Yang Xue‐Yan , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: April 2017

A one‐step stereoselective synthetic method of 14‐membered aza‐macrocyclic dimers has been developed by a Lewis acid‐catalyzed ring‐opening and intermolecular cyclization reaction of aniline‐tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes, affording 14‐membered aza‐macrocyclic dimers (mainly as E‐configuration) in moderate to good yields under mild conditions.
The 5th national survey on the physical growth and development of children in the nine cities of China: Anthropometric measurements of Chinese children under 7 years in 2015
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Qin , Li Hui , Wu Hua‐Hong , Zong Xin‐Nan , Zhu Zong‐Han , Pan Ying , Li Jia , Zheng Xing‐Rong , Wei Mei , Tong Mei‐Ling , Zhou Ai‐Fen , Hu Yan , Chen Wei , Zhu Ke , Yu Yang
Published: April 2017

Objectives

To describe the physical growth of healthy children under 7 years in China based on the latest national survey and provide more data for revising growth reference and monitoring the impact of social development on children's health and growth.

Methods

In the cross‐sectional survey, 161,774 healthy children under 7 years were selected by multistage stratified cluster sampling method in nine cities of China. According to the geographical location, the nine cities were divided into northern, central and southern regions, and each city included urban and suburban areas. Anthropometric measurements were obtained on the spots and other related information was collected with questionnaires.

Results

There were slight urban–suburban difference and obvious regional difference in anthropometric measurements in China. Comparison with the 4th NSPGDC in 2005, measurements increased 0.1–1.1 kg in weight, 0.5–1.8 cm in height in urban areas (except children under 3 years) and 0.1–2.5 kg in weight, 0.2–3.8 cm in height in suburban areas. The urban–suburban difference of those measurements became smaller than 10 years ago, but their regional difference persistently exist. Chinese children were 0.36 SD in weight, 0.43 SD in height in urban areas and 0.30 SD in weight, 0.30 SD in height in suburban areas higher than WHO standards.

Conclusions

Physical growth of children under 7 years old was undergoing a slowly positive secular trend during the latest decade in more economically developed regions of China. Urban–suburban difference of those measurements became smaller, while their regional difference persistently exist. Chinese healthy children under 7 years in nine cities was taller and heavier than WHO standards.
Stereoelectronic Control in the Ozone‐Free Synthesis of Ozonides
Authors: dos Passos Gomes Gabriel , Yaremenko Ivan A. , Radulov Peter S. , Novikov Roman A. , Chernyshev Vladimir V. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Nikishin Gennady I. , Alabugin Igor V. , Terent'ev Alexander O.
Published: April 2017

The value of stereoelectronic guidelines is illustrated by the discovery of a convenient, ozone‐free synthesis of bridged secondary ozonides from 1,5‐dicarbonyl compounds and H2O2. The tetraoxane products generally formed in reactions of carbonyl and dicarbonyl compounds with H2O2 were not detected because the structural distortions imposed on the tetraoxacyclohexane subunit in [3.2.2]tetraoxanonanes by the three‐carbon bridge leads to the partial deactivation of anomeric effects. The new procedure is readily scalable to produce gram quantities of the ozonides. This reaction enables the selective preparation of ozonides without the use of ozone.
Platin(II)‐verknüpfte Einzelketten‐Nanopartikel: ein Schritt in Richtung wiederverwendbarer Homogenkatalysatoren
Authors: Knöfel Nicolai D. , Rothfuss Hannah , Willenbacher Johannes , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Roesky Peter W.
Published: April 2017

Platin(II)‐verknüpfte Einzelketten‐Nanopartikel (PtII‐SCNPs) wurden synthetisiert, charakterisiert und als wiederverwendbare Homogenkatalysatoren eingesetzt. Als Vorstufe wurde ein lineares Copolymer aus Styrol und 4‐(Diphenylphosphan)styrol mittels Nitroxid‐vermittelter Polymerisation synthetisiert. Die Triarylphosphaneinheiten, die sich im Polymerrückgrad befinden, ermöglichen durch Zugabe von [Pt(1,5‐cyclooctadien)Cl2] in verdünnter Lösung die intramolekulare Vernetzung einzelner Ketten. Die Bildung von PtII‐SCNPs wurde durch Gelpermeationschromatographie, dynamische Lichtstreuung, NMR‐Spektroskopie (1H, 31P{1H}, 195Pt) und DOSY‐Messungen nachgewiesen. Die erfolgreiche Verwendung der PtII‐SCNPs als wiederverwendbare Homogenkatalysatoren wurde am Beispiel der Aminierung von Allylalkohol veranschaulicht.
Shape‐Assisted Self‐Organization in Highly Disordered Liquid Crystal Phases
Authors: Kishikawa Keiki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Watanabe Go , Kawamura Ayaka , Kohri Michinari , Taniguchi Tatsuo
Published: April 2017

In achiral rod‐like molecules, a nematic phase is the most disordered liquid crystal phase, which only has one‐directional order in the direction of the molecular long axis. A dumbbell‐shaped molecule (compound 3: R−C6H10−CH=CH−C6H4−CH=CH−C6H10−R, (R=nC5H11)), and its liquid crystal phase (X phase) are reported, which exhibit high scattering without thermal fluctuation between two nematic phases under a polarized light optical microscope. The X phase was investigated by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulation. A layered structure was ascertained for which a molecular self‐organization mechanism was postulated in which the super‐structure is based on lateral intermolecular interlocking. A second nematic phase above the X phase consisted of “rice grain”‐shaped particles.
Asperflavipine A: A Cytochalasan Heterotetramer Uniquely Defined by a Highly Complex Tetradecacyclic Ring System from Aspergillus flavipes QCS12
Authors: Zhu Hucheng , Chen Chunmei , Tong Qingyi , Yang Jing , Wei Guangzheng , Xue Yongbo , Wang Jianping , Luo Zengwei , Zhang Yonghui
Published: April 2017

Asperflavipines A (1) and B (2), two structurally complex merocytochalasans, were isolated from Aspergillus flavipes. Asperflavipine A (1), which contains two cytochalasan moieties and two epicoccine moieties, is the first cytochalasan heterotetramer to be discovered. It is uniquely defined by 5/6/11/5/6/5/6/5/6/5/5/11/6/5 fused tetradecacyclic rings with three continuous bridged ring systems. Asperflavipine B (2) is a cytochalasan heterotrimer containing a cytochalasan and two epicoccine moieties with a 5/6/11/5/5/6/5/6/5 nonacyclic ring system. The hypothetical biosynthesis of 1 and 2 is proposed to involve Diels–Alder and [3+2] cycloaddition reactions as key steps and reveals unparalleled plasticity in the biosynthesis of merocytochalasans. The existence of 1 adds a new dimension to the diversity of the cytochalasan family. Compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis in Jurkat, NB4, and HL60 cells through the activation of caspase‐3 and degradation of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP).
Robust Polyoxometalate/Nickel Foam Composite Electrodes for Sustained Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution at High pH
Authors: Luo Wenjing , Hu Jun , Diao Hongling , Schwarz Benjamin , Streb Carsten , Song Yu‐Fei
Published: April 2017

The development of technologically viable electrodes for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a major bottleneck in chemical energy conversion. This article describes a facile one‐step hydrothermal route to deposit microcrystals of a robust Dexter–Silverton polyoxometalate oxygen evolution catalyst, [Co6.8Ni1.2W12O42(OH)4(H2O)8], on a commercial nickel foam electrode. The electrode shows efficient and sustained electrochemical oxygen evolution at low overpotentials (360 mV at 10 mA cm−2 against RHE, Tafel slope 126 mV dec−1, faradaic efficiency (96±5) %) in alkaline aqueous solution (pH 13). Post‐catalytic analyses show no mechanical or chemical degradation and no physical detachment of the microcrystals. The results provide a blueprint for the stable “wiring” of POM catalysts to commercial metal foam substrates, thus giving access to technologically relevant composite OER electrodes.
Efficient Catalytic Kinetic Resolution of Spiro‐epoxyoxindoles with Concomitant Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indoles
Authors: Zhu Gongming , Bao Guangjun , Li Yiping , Sun Wangsheng , Li Jing , Hong Liang , Wang Rui
Published: April 2017

An efficient process involving the catalytic kinetic resolution of racemic spiro‐epoxyoxindoles with the simultaneous enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles has been realized using a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst. The reaction provides two useful intermediates in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Performing the catalysis on a gram scale led to (R)‐3‐(3‐indolyl)‐oxindole‐3‐methanol, which was used in the asymmetric formal total synthesis of (+)‐gliocladin C. Notably, the enantiomers (S)‐3‐(3‐indolyl)‐oxindole‐3‐methanol can be obtained easily by the reaction of the resolved spiro‐epoxyoxindole with indole.
Weak Interactions under Pressure: hp‐CuBi and Its Analogues
Authors: Guo Kai , Akselrud Lev , Bobnar Matej , Burkhardt Ulrich , Schmidt Marcus , Zhao Jing‐Tai , Schwarz Ulrich , Grin Yuri
Published: April 2017

The metastable binary compound hp‐CuBi was obtained from the direct chemical reaction between copper and bismuth at a pressure of 5 GPa and a temperature of 720 K. The atomic arrangement comprises slabs of puckered Cu layers sandwiched between Bi planes. The QTAIM charges calculated for compounds of bismuth with transition metals reveal negligible charge transfer for hp‐CuBi. Analysis of the chemical bonding with position‐space techniques discloses multicenter interactions within the Bi‐Cu‐Bi slabs and lone‐pair interactions of the van der Waals type between these entities. hp‐CuBi exhibits metal‐type electrical conductivity with superconductivity below Tc=1.3 K.
Osmolyte Effects on the Conformational Dynamics of a DNA Hairpin at Ambient and Extreme Environmental Conditions
Authors: Patra Satyajit , Anders Christian , Erwin Nelli , Winter Roland
Published: April 2017

The structural dynamics of a DNA hairpin (Hp) are studied in the absence and presence of the two natural osmolytes trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO) and urea at ambient and extreme environmental conditions, including high pressures and high temperatures, by using single‐molecule Förster resonance energy transfer and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The effect of pressure on the conformational dynamics of the DNA Hp is investigated on a single‐molecule level, providing novel mechanistic insights into its conformational conversions. Different from canonical DNA duplex structures of similar melting points, the DNA Hp is found to be rather pressure sensitive. The combined temperature and pressure dependent data allow dissection of the folding free energy into its enthalpic, entropic, and volumetric contributions. The folded conformation is effectively stabilized by the compatible osmolyte TMAO not only at high temperatures, but also at high pressures and in the presence of the destabilizing co‐solute urea.
Energy Resonance Crossing Controls the Photoluminescence of Europium Antenna Probes
Authors: Zhang Qiangqiang , Wu Liangliang , Cao Xiaoyan , Chen Xuebo , Fang Weihai , Dolg Michael
Published: April 2017

The energy transfer pathways in lanthanide antenna probes cannot be comprehensively rationalized by the currently available models, and their elucidation remains to be a challenging task. On the basis of quantum‐chemical ab initio calculations of representative europium antenna complexes, an innovative energy resonance model is proposed, which is controlled by an overall nonet–quintet intersystem crossing on the basis of spin–orbit coupling among the sublevels of the involved states.
Magnetic d‐penicillamine‐functionalized cellulose as a new heterogeneous support for cobalt(II) in green oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone
Authors: Keshipour Sajjad , Adak Kamran
Published: April 2017

A new efficient heterogeneous catalyst is introduced for the oxidation of ethylbenzene. The catalyst was obtained in three steps: functionalization of cellulose with d‐penicillamine, deposition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on cellulose–d‐penicillamine and then anchoring of Co(II) to the magnetic cellulose–d‐penicillamine. High yield and excellent selectivity were achieved for the oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone in ethanol under reflux conditions using H2O2 as a green oxidant. Also, the recovered catalyst could be applied six times without a decrease in activity.
Mannich‐Benzimidazole Derivatives as Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluations, and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Alpan Ayşe Selcen , Sarıkaya Görkem , Çoban Güneş , Parlar Sülünay , Armagan Güliz , Alptüzün Vildan
Published: April 2017

A series of Mannich bases of benzimidazole derivatives having a phenolic group were designed to assess their anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activities were evaluated in vitro by using Ellman's method. According to the activity results, all of the compounds exhibited moderate to good AChE inhibitory activity (except for 2a), with IC50 values ranging from 0.93 to 10.85 μM, and generally displayed moderate BuChE inhibitory activity. Also, most of the compounds were selective against BuChE. Compound 4b was the most active molecule on the AChE enzyme and also selective. In addition, we investigated the antioxidant effects of the synthesized compounds against FeCl2/ascorbic acid‐induced oxidative stress in the rat brain in vitro, and the activity results showed that most of the compounds are effective as radical scavengers. Molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations were also carried out.
Porous Peptide Complexes by a Folding‐and‐Assembly Strategy
Authors: Sawada Tomohisa , Yamagami Motoya , Akinaga Shuji , Miyaji Tatsuki , Fujita Makoto
Published: April 2017

Concerted folding and assembly processes are necessary for protein self‐assembly, yet such a concerted strategy has rarely been attempted by synthetic chemists. In this work, we have created a new porous peptide structure through a coordination‐driven folding‐and‐assembly strategy. A porous framework with 1.5 nm‐sized pores and a PII helical peptide scaffold was successfully obtained by complexation of AgNTf2 and tripeptide ligands containing the Gly‐Pro‐Pro sequence. The pores were modified in various ways with retention of the latent PII helical conformation of the peptide ligand.
Adaptive Robust Output Tracking Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Cascade Systems with Disturbance and Multiple Unknown Time‐Varying Delays
Authors: Chehardoli Hossein , Ghasemi Ali
Published: April 2017

In this paper, an adaptive robust controller is designed for a class of uncertain nonlinear cascade systems with multiple time‐varying delays under external disturbance. It is assumed that multiple time‐varying delays are not exactly known and, therefore, the delayed terms must not appear in the adaptation and control laws. Accordingly, by using a Lyapunov‐Krasovskii function, delays are deleted from the adaptation and control laws. A controller based on an adaptive backstepping approach is designed to assure the global asymptotic tracking of the desired output and boundedness of the other states. The proposed controller is proved to be robust against unknown time‐varying delays and external disturbances applying to the system. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Revisiting the relationship between the South Asian summer monsoon drought and El Niño warming pattern
Authors: Fan Fangxing , Dong Xiao , Fang Xianghui , Xue Feng , Zheng Fei , Zhu Jiang
Published: April 2017

Based on the observational and reanalysis data, El Niño warming patterns associated with the South Asian summer monsoon droughts are investigated. While the inverse relationship between the eastern Pacific (EP) type of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian monsoon rainfall weakened significantly, the correlation between the central Pacific (CP) type of ENSO and the monsoon rainfall strengthened after the late 1970s. Moreover, the drought‐producing El Niño warming pattern also exhibits a notable decadal modulation associated with the climate shift. The analysis results indicate that both the EP type of El Niño with positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies extended to the date line and the CP type of El Niño with the maximum warming located in the central equatorial Pacific may produce severe droughts over the Indian subcontinent. Although the CP warming is more effective in driving anomalous rising motion in the central equatorial Pacific and consequently producing anomalous subsidence over South Asia, the position and strength of the anomalous ascending and descending branches of the Walker circulation are sensitive to the detailed distributions of tropical SST anomalies and determined by the competing effects of the CP and EP warming.
Vergleich der Berechnungsmethoden von VDI 2055, EN ISO 12241 und ASTM C 680
Authors: Wiesemeyer Karin
Published: April 2017

Zur Berechnung der Wärme‐ und Kälteverluste von betriebstechnischen Anlagen sind verschiedene Berechnungsmethoden vorhanden. In dieser Untersuchung werden die Richtlinie VDI 2055 Blatt 1, die EN ISO 12241 und die ASTM C 680 miteinander verglichen. Eine theoretische Betrachtung liefert Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten in den Gleichungen zur Wärmeleitung, Wärmestrahlung und dem Wärmeübergang durch Konvektion. Die Beispiele zeigen zum Teil deutliche Unterschiede im Berechnungsergebnis. Aufgrund der teilweise großen Abweichungen im Berechnungsergebnis sollte immer diejenige Berechnungsmethode angewendet werden, welche in der Ausschreibung gefordert ist, bzw. wenn keine Anforderung an die Berechnungsmethode angegeben ist, sollte die gewählte Methode unbedingt angegeben werden.
Integrale Bauforschung und simulationsgestützte Analysen zur Wahrung historischer Bausubstanz am Beispiel der Asamkirche St. Georg zu Weltenburg
Authors: Stierstorfer Johannes , Wellnitz Felix , Steffens Oliver
Published: April 2017

Die Klosterkirche St. Georg zu Weltenburg an der Donau, spätbarockes Hauptwerk der Brüder Asam und bayerische Welterbestätte, musste sich aufgrund ihrer topographisch, geologisch und klimatisch exponierten Lage in der Vergangenheit tiefgreifenden Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen unterziehen. Um der hygrischen Problematik im Inneren des Kirchenraumes zu begegnen, wurde ein außergewöhnlicher Sanierungsansatz verfolgt, dessen bauphysikalische und raumklimatische Verifizierung im Rahmen dieses Forschungsprojektes durchgeführt wird. Dabei steht die Optimierung des Raumklimas im Zentrum der Untersuchungen. Ganzheitlich betrachtet stellt sich die Frage: Welche Maßnahmen dürfen – bei Bewahrung der denkmalgeschützten Bausubstanz – ergriffen werden, um eine nachhaltige Nutzung historischer Bauwerke zu ermöglichen und dabei die Anforderungen der heutigen Zeit zu erfüllen?
Tragende Bodenplatten von Tiefgaragen
Authors: Stettner Christian , Dauberschmidt Christoph
Published: April 2017

Bei den Planern von tragenden Bodenplatten von Tiefgaragen herrscht derzeit eine gewisse Verunsicherung: auf der einen Seite wird auf Planerseite versucht, durch strenge Vorgaben an die zulässigen Rissbreiten und Ansatz des späten Zwangs den Vorgaben an Wasserundurchlässigkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit gegenüber einer Chloridbelastung gerecht zu werden. Dies führt zu meist hohen Bewehrungsgraden, wie eine Parameterstudie im Rahmen dieses Papers aufzeigt. Zum anderen ist der Planer angehalten, wirtschaftlich zu planen. Einen möglichen Ausweg aus diesem Dilemma stellen die im Entwurf des DBV‐Merkblatts Parkhäuser und die in der WU‐Richtlinie dargestellten Entwurfsgrundsätze (EGS) dar: bei Ansatz des EGS „Risse planen” kann z. B. durch gezielte Anordnung von Sollriss‐Elementen und einer abgestimmten Bewehrungsanordnung Mindestbewehrung eingespart werden. Ein weiterer beleuchteter Aspekt dieses Beitrags ist die Überprüfung der Chloriddichtheit von unterschiedlichen Betonen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der in der Norm gewählte deskriptive Ansatz, durch hohe geforderte Betondruckfestigkeiten auch eine hohe Dauerhaftigkeit sicherzustellen, nicht zielführend ist. Es ist vielmehr zu empfehlen, bei Wahl eines geeigneten Bindemittels die Betonfestigkeiten möglichst zu reduzieren.
Micelle‐enhanced direct spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of linifanib: Application to stability studies
Authors: Zawaneh Afnan H. , Khalil Nehal N. , Ibrahim Sundus A. , Al‐Dafiri Wafaa N. , Maher Hadir M.
Published: April 2017

A new simple stability‐indicating spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for the determination of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, linifanib (LNF). The proposed method makes use of the native fluorescence characteristics of LNF in a micellar system. Compared with aqueous solutions, the fluorescence intensity of LNF was greatly enhanced upon the addition of Tween‐80. The relative fluorescence intensity of LNF was measured in a diluting solvent composed of 2% Tween‐80: phosphate buffer pH 8.0 (20: 80, v/v) using excitation and emission wavelengths of 290 and 450 nm, respectively. The proposed method was fully validated as per the ICH guidelines. The recorded fluorescence intensity of LNF was rectilinear over a concentration range of 0.3–2 μg/ml with a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.9990) and low limits of detection (0.091 μg/ml) and quantitation (0.275 μg/ml). The applicability of the method was extended to study the inherent stability of LNF under different stress degradation conditions including, alkaline, acidic, oxidative, photolytic and thermal degradation. Moreover, the method was utilized to study the kinetics of the alkaline and oxidative degradation of LNF. The pseudo‐first order rate constants and half‐lives were calculated.
Parental brain‐derived neurotrophic factor genotype, child prosociality, and their interaction as predictors of parents’ warmth
Authors: Avinun Reut , Knafo‐Noam Ariel
Published: April 2017

Background

Parental warmth has been associated with various child behaviors, from effortful control to callous‐unemotional traits. Factors that have been shown to affect parental warmth include heritability and child behavior. However, there is limited knowledge about which specific genes are involved, how they interact with child behavior, how they affect differential parenting, and how they affect fathers. We examined what affects paternal and maternal warmth by focusing on the child's prosocial behavior and parents’ genotype, specifically a Valine to Methionine substitution at codon 66 in the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene.

Methods

Data was available from a sample of 6.5 year‐old twins, consisting of 369 mothers and 663 children and 255 fathers and 458 children. Self‐reports were used to assess mothers’ and fathers’ warmth. Child prosociality was assessed with the other‐parent report and experimental assessments.

Results

Mothers’ warmth was not affected by their BDNF genotype, neither as a main effect nor in an interaction with child prosociality. Fathers with the Met allele scored higher on warmth. Additionally, there was a significant interaction between fathers’ BDNF genotype and child prosociality. For fathers with the Met allele there was a positive association between warmth and child prosociality. Conversely, for fathers with the Val/Val genotype there was no association between warmth and child prosociality. Results were repeated longitudinally in a subsample with data on age 8–9 years. A direct within family analysis showed that fathers with the Met allele were more likely than Val/Val carriers to exhibit differential parenting toward twins who differed in their prosocial behavior. The same pattern of findings was found with mother‐rated and experimentally assessed prosociality.

Conclusions

These results shed light on the genetic and environmental underpinnings of paternal behavior and differential parenting.
Male‐to‐female gender dysphoria: Gender‐specific differences in resting‐state networks
Authors: Clemens Benjamin , Junger Jessica , Pauly Katharina , Neulen Josef , Neuschaefer‐Rube Christiane , Frölich Dirk , Mingoia Gianluca , Derntl Birgit , Habel Ute
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Recent research found gender‐related differences in resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐FC) measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies examining the differences in rs‐FC between men, women, and individuals who report a discrepancy between their anatomical sex and their gender identity, i.e. gender dysphoria (GD).

Methods

To address this important issue, we present the first fMRI study systematically investigating the differences in typical resting‐state networks (RSNs) and hormonal treatment effects in 26 male‐to‐female GD individuals (MtFs) compared with 19 men and 20 women.

Results

Differences between male and female control groups were found only in the auditory RSN, whereas differences between both control groups and MtFs were found in the auditory and fronto‐parietal RSNs, including both primary sensory areas (e.g. calcarine gyrus) and higher order cognitive areas such as the middle and posterior cingulate and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Overall, differences in MtFs compared with men and women were more pronounced before cross‐sex hormonal treatment. Interestingly, rs‐FC between MtFs and women did not differ significantly after treatment. When comparing hormonally untreated and treated MtFs, we found differences in connectivity of the calcarine gyrus and thalamus in the context of the auditory network, as well as the inferior frontal gyrus in context of the fronto‐parietal network.

Conclusion

Our results provide first evidence that MtFs exhibit patterns of rs‐FC which are different from both their assigned and their aspired gender, indicating an intermediate position between the two sexes. We suggest that the present study constitutes a starting point for future research designed to clarify whether the brains of individuals with GD are more similar to their assigned or their aspired gender.
Evaluation of the bony repair in rat cranial defect using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy and discriminant analysis
Authors: de Lima Leomir A. S. , Lima Kássio M. G. , de Oliveira Lana S. S. , Araújo Aurigena A. , Fernandes de Araújo Junior Raimundo
Published: April 2017

We set out to determine whether near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with principal component analysis–linear discriminant analysis (LDA) or, variable selection techniques employing successive projection algorithm or genetic algorithm (GA) could evaluate the bone repair in cranial critical‐size (5 mm) defect after stimulation with collagen sponge scaffold and/or infrared low‐level laser therapy directly on the local. Forty‐five Winstar rats were divided into nine groups of five each, namely: group H – healthy, n = 5 (without treatment and without cranial critical‐size defect), (GI positive control – n = 5, 21 days or n = 5, 30 days) without treatment and with cranial critical‐size defect; (GII‐n = 5, 21 days or n = 5, 30 days) cranial critical‐size defect filled with collagen sponge scaffold; (GIII–n = 5, 21 days or n = 5, 30 days) cranial critical‐size defect submitted to low‐level laser therapy; (GIV–n = 5, 21 days or n = 5, 30 days) cranial critical‐size defect submitted to combined collagen sponge scaffold + low‐level laser therapy treatment. In relation to the histological analysis, the collagen sponge scaffold + low‐level laser therapy treatment group (GIV) 30 days showed the best result with the presence of secondary bone, immature bone (osteoid) and newly formed connective tissue (periosteum). GA–LDA model also successfully classified control class of the others classes. Thus, the results provided by the good‐quality classification model revealed the feasibility of NIRS for application to evaluation of the wound healing in rat cranial defect, thanks to the short analysis time of a few seconds and nondestructive advantages of NIRS as an alternative approach for bone repair purposes. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1160–1168, 2017
DRP5 is involved in cancer cell growth and predicts poor prognosis in human osteosarcoma
Authors: Wang Lin , Liu Weihai , Tang Hengtao , Xie Xianbiao , Zou Changye , Wang Yongqian , Gao Zhenhua , Yin Junqiang
Published: April 2017

Osteosarcoma is an extremely aggressive primary malignant bone tumor of childhood. Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs), which are highly expressed in the developing nervous system, were recently shown to be associated with cancer development. However, the relationship between DRP5 (CRMP5) and osteosarcoma has not been evaluated. In this study, we investigated the role of DRP5 in the regulation of osteosarcoma growth. DRP5 mRNA and protein levels were significantly upregulated in human osteosarcoma cell lines and associated with increased migration and invasion. Genetic knockdown of DRP5 markedly suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9. DRP5 silencing significantly inhibited osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model in vivo. Microarray immunohistochemical analysis of osteosarcoma specimens and Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with high DRP5 protein expression had shorter overall survival than those with low DRP5 levels. Taken together, these results suggest that DRP5 plays a critical role in the regulation of osteosarcoma and could be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic factor in osteosarcoma.
Diffusion of digital breast tomosynthesis among women in primary care: associations with insurance type
Authors: Clark Cheryl R. , Tosteson Tor D. , Tosteson Anna N. A. , Onega Tracy , Weiss Julie E. , Harris Kimberly A. , Haas Jennifer S.
Published: April 2017

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has shown potential to improve breast cancer screening and diagnosis compared to digital mammography (DM). The FDA approved DBT use in conjunction with conventional DM in 2011, but coverage was approved by CMS recently in 2015. Given changes in coverage policies, it is important to monitor diffusion of DBT by insurance type. This study examined DBT trends and estimated associations with insurance type. From June 2011 to September 2014, DBT use in 22 primary care centers in the Dartmouth ‐Brigham and Women's Hospital Population‐based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens research center (PROSPR) was examined among women aged 40–89. A longitudinal repeated measures analysis estimated the proportion of DBT performed for screening or diagnostic indications over time and by insurance type. During the study period, 93,182 mammograms were performed on 48,234 women. Of these exams, 16,506 DBT tests were performed for screening (18.1%) and 2537 were performed for diagnosis (15.7%). Between 2011 and 2014, DBT utilization increased in all insurance groups. However, by the latest observed period, screening DBT was used more frequently under private insurance (43.4%) than Medicaid (36.2%), Medicare (37.8%), other (38.6%), or no insurance (32.9%; P < 0.0001). No sustained differences in use of DBT for diagnostic testing were seen by insurance type. DBT is increasingly used for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Use of screening DBT may be associated with insurance type. Surveillance is required to ensure that disparities in breast cancer screening are minimized as DBT becomes more widely available.
A systematic investigation of the association between HPV and the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Wang Fengze , Zhang Hui , Xue Yang , Wen Jiao , Zhou Jun , Yang Xinjie , Wei Jianhua
Published: April 2017

Human papillomavirus (HPV), the causal factor of cervical cancers, was closely linked to the etiology and prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), but its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was unclear. In addition, few researches based on Chinese population were documented. Hence, we sought to investigate the relationship of HPV marker P16 protein to the clinicopathological parameters and survival of OPSCC and OSCC patients systematically to assess the influence of ethnic, regional difference on HPV susceptibility. Specimens from 93 OPSCC patients and 95 OSCC patients were recut, and P16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed. Moreover, survival analysis was conducted to confirm the independent factors that influenced the prognosis. The P16 results were positive in 25.8% and 9.5% of patients with OPSCC and OSCC, respectively. The overall survival (OS) of HPV‐positive OPSCC patients was significantly longer than that of HPV‐negative OPSCC patients (P = 0.004). Conversely, statistical significance was not observed regarding the OS of OSCC patients (P = 0.343). Cox regression analysis indicated that T stage and P16 status were independent factors that affected the prognosis of OPSCC patients, and the smoking index influenced the prognosis of OSCC patients. Among OPSCC patients who received radiochemotherapy (RCT), HPV‐positive patients had a better survival rate than their HPV‐negative counterparts (P = 0.015). Conversely, no significant difference was observed between HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative OSCC patients who received RCT (P = 0.237). P16 is a credible surrogate by which to define HPV status. HPV expression had a favorable effect on OPSCC patients as opposed to their OSCC counterparts in this single center population‐based study.
Risk and associated risk factors of hospitalization for specific health problems over time in childhood cancer survivors: a medical record linkage study
Authors: Font‐Gonzalez Anna , Feijen Elizabeth (Lieke) A.M. , Geskus Ronald B. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G.W. , van der Pal Helena J.H. , Heinen Richard C. , Jaspers Monique W. , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Reitsma J.B. (Johannes) , Caron Hubert N. , Sieswerda Elske , Kremer Leontien C.
Published: April 2017

Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) experience higher hospitalization rates compared to the general population for neoplasms, circulatory diseases, endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases and eye disorders. We studied trends in hospitalization rates and associated patient and treatment‐specific risk factors for diagnosis subgroups among these four diseases. We performed medical record linkage of a ≥5‐year CCS cohort with national registers, and obtained a random reference sample matched on age, gender and calendar year per CCS. For each diagnosis subgroup we compared hospitalization rates and trends over time in CCS and the reference population. Further, we analyzed risk factors for hospitalizations within the four CCS diagnosis groups. We used multivariate Poisson regression for all models. We retrieved hospitalization data from 1382 CCS and 26,583 reference persons. CCS had increased hospitalization rates for almost all diagnosis subgroups examined. Hospitalization rates for endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases appeared to increase with longer time since primary cancer diagnosis up to 30 years after primary cancer diagnosis. Survivors initially treated with radiotherapy had increased hospitalization rates for neoplasms (P < 0.001), those initially treated with anthracyclines (2.5 [1.1–5.5]) and radiotherapy to thorax and/or abdomen (9.3 [2.4–36.6]) had increased hospitalization rates for diseases of the circulatory system, and those initially treated with radiotherapy to head and/or neck had increased hospitalization rates for endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases (6.7 [3.5–12.7]) and diseases of the eye (3.6 [1.5–8.9]). Our study highlights that long‐term health problems resulting in hospitalizations are still clinically relevant later in life of CCS. The identified treatment‐related risk factors associated with hospitalizations support targeted follow‐up care for these risk groups of CCS.
A large, single‐center, real‐world study of clinicopathological characteristics and treatment in advanced ALK‐positive non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Gang , Chen Xi , Zhang Yaxiong , Yan Fang , Fang Wenfeng , Yang Yunpeng , Hong Shaodong , Miao Siyu , Wu Manli , Huang Xiaodan , Luo Youli , Zhou Cong , Gong Run , Huang Yan , Zhou Ningning , Zhao Hongyun , Zhang Li
Published: April 2017

Crizotinib has achieved astonishing success in advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement. However, no real‐world studies described the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of such patients in China. Patients were consecutively collected from Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center. Chi‐square test was applied to explore the relationship between ALK fusion status and metastasis sites. Kaplan–Meier methods and multivariable analyses were used to estimate progression‐free survival (PFS). A total of 291 advanced NSCLC patients (ALK (+), N = 97; both ALK & epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (‐), N = 194) were enrolled. The occurrence of brain metastasis in ALK‐positive patients was significantly higher than double‐negative ones both at baseline (26.5% vs. 16.5%, P = 0.038) and during treatment (25.8% vs. 11.9%, P = 0.003), but opposite for pleural effusion (6.2% vs. 26.9%, P < 0.001 at baseline; 3.1% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.031 during treatment). ALK‐positive patients of 53.6% used crizotinib, whereas others only received chemotherapy (37.1%) or supportive care (9.3%). Usage of crizotinib prolonged PFS compared with chemotherapy in ALK‐positive patients (median PFS 17.6 m vs. 4.8 m, P < 0.001). ALK‐positive NSCLC had more brain metastasis and less pleural effusion than double‐negative ones. Crizotinib showed better PFS than chemotherapy in advanced ALK‐positive NSCLC at any line. However, half advanced ALK‐positive patients never received crizotinib, which was grim and need improving.