bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity of the genus Tropodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 (Crustacea, Copepoda, Calanoida, Diaptomidae) in Thailand, with the description of two new species
Authors: Saetang Thanida , Maiphae Supiyanit
Published: July 2023

Tropodiaptomus is a genus of diaptomid copepods with 10 species currently recorded in Thailand. A recent study on DNA taxonomy revealed putative new species among specimens collected from freshwater habitats throughout Thailand. This study examined the morphological characteristics and confirmed the taxonomic status of the two putative new species of Tropodiaptomus. Results showed that the two new taxa were different from other species in the genus Tropodiaptomus. These two new species, T. pedecrassumsp. nov. and T. longiprocessussp. nov., were described and illustrated based on material collected from a swamp in northern Thailand and a pond in western Thailand, respectively. They were distinguished from their congeners by the length of the spinous process on the antepenultimate segment of the adult male right antennule, the number of lobes and serration pattern on the inner margin of the adult male left P5, and the shape and supplementary process on the surface structures of basis and distal exopod segments of the adult male right P5. These discoveries increased the number of records of this genus in Thailand to 12 species. A pictorial key to all species is provided, and their ecological and biogeographical distributions are updated and discussed.
Vertex-edge perfect Roman domination number
Authors: Al Subaiei Bana , AlMulhim Ahlam , Akwu Abolape Deborah
Published: July 2023

A vertex-edge perfect Roman dominating function on a graph $ G = (V, E) $ (denoted by ve-PRDF) is a function $ f:V\left(G\right)\longrightarrow\{0, 1, 2\} $ such that for every edge $ uv\in E $, $ \max\{f(u), f(v)\}\neq0 $, or $ u $ is adjacent to exactly one neighbor $ w $ such that $ f(w) = 2 $, or $ v $ is adjacent to exactly one neighbor $ w $ such that $ f(w) = 2 $. The weight of a ve-PRDF on $ G $ is the sum $ w(f) = \sum_{v\in V}f(v) $. The vertex-edge perfect Roman domination number of $ G $ (denoted by $ \gamma_{veR}^{p}(G) $) is the minimum weight of a ve-PRDF on $ G $. In this paper, we first show that vertex-edge perfect Roman dominating is NP-complete for bipartite graphs. Also, for a tree $ T $, we give upper and lower bounds for $ \gamma_{veR}^{p}(T) $ in terms of the order $ n $, $ l $ leaves and $ s $ support vertices. Lastly, we determine $ \gamma_{veR}^{p}(G) $ for Petersen, cycle and Flower snark graphs.
Towards the applicability of voice quality in forensic phonetics
Authors: Fernández Trinidad Marianela
Published: July 2023

Voice quality derived from long-term laryngeal settings stands out as a potentially individualizing trait of speakers. This places it in an advantageous situation with respect to other phonetic parameters used in forensic linguistics. However, anyone confronted with its analysis will immediately run into a methodological difficulty stemming from its inherently multidimensional nature. In this lies its main disadvantage and the fundamental reason why its analysis is not always considered in the traditional approach used in the comparison of speakers for identification purposes. Based on an experimental inquiry on voice disguised by means of falsetto, this study shows that it is possible to work with a reduced set of laryngeal features responsible for voice quality and facilitate its interpretation and explanation, which is a critical issue for forensic practice.
Le modèle de la fermentation chimique dans Le Fils naturel de Diderot
Authors: Granger Charline
Published: July 2023

Le Fils naturel de Diderot est fondé sur le sacrifice de Dorval, qui renonce à sa passion pour Rosalie et fait le choix de la vertu. Or cette conversion n’est pas envisagée comme le fruit d’un mystère transcendant : Diderot la pense au contraire sur le modèle de la fermentation, comme une transformation radicale, mais lente et, surtout, explicable, régie par des lois observables. Le dramaturge nous propose au fond une expérience scientifique : observer cette conversion s’opérer dans les personnages du Fils naturel et tenter de la susciter chez le spectateur.
Le théâtre de Buzzati : regarder l’invisible
Authors: Mazzone Serena
Published: July 2023

La dramaturgie de Buzzati se caractérise par un réseau d’interconnexions et un multilinguisme qui mobilise des éléments théâtraux d'origines diverses, dont le sens est sans cesse décontextualisé voire redéfini. Les liens avec le théâtre de l’absurde, avec la littérature fantastique, avec l’existentialisme (Albert Camus) filtré par un lyrisme tout proche de Leopardi, créent un théâtre visionnaire et symbolique dans lequel les questions de l’homme prennent forme sur scène, avec le sens du mystère qui les accompagne : l’invisible devient chair, accentuant ainsi sa propre action perturbatrice. L’homme évolue dans un univers qu’il ne peut déchiffrer, à la merci de forces auxquelles il ne peut s’opposer, et le destin, souvent cynique et moqueur, semble écraser toutes ses aspirations. La condition existentielle tragique de l’homme se dilue néanmoins dans la vocation morale qui résulte d’une satire des mœurs particulièrement accentuée, évoluant en équilibre entre nihilisme et aspiration fidéiste ; une perte de sens qui aboutit à une sorte de « fatalisme » philosophique très proche de l’ironie de Jacques le Fataliste de Diderot. Dans un équilibre suspendu entre un mystère sans nom et un mystère qui prend la forme d'une « révélation », l’exploration des zones d’ombre qui entourent l’homme s'enveloppe d’une transcendance où le sens du sacré, perdu dans un monde dominé par la rationalité et la productivité, s’élève à la modalité du « sentir », pour finalement s’incarner dans le rite même du théâtre : la scène récupère le « regard » de l’homme qui pousse à la rencontre avec l’invisible, quelle que soit la conception que l’on en ait.
Un « nouveau » fragment arabe de la version kindienne du De insomniis d’Aristote et sa réception dans une recension des Principes des opinions des habitants de la cité vertueuse d’al‑Fārābī
Authors: Rashed Marwan
Published: July 2023

Cet article présente un texte conservé dans un manuscrit de Téhéran (Mağlis Šūrā 10055), qui a préservé un fragment de la traduction arabe des Parva naturalia d’Aristote, actuellement connue uniquement par un long extrait conservé à Rampur, en Inde (ms. 1752). Ce texte, dont on ne connaissait jusqu’à présent qu’un seul exemplaire, est constitué d’un titre, d’une citation d’Aristote et d’un commentaire de cette citation d’une quinzaine de lignes. La citation reformule légèrement la définition aristotélicienne du rêve telle qu’elle est donnée à la fin du traité Des rêves (462a29‑31). En se fondant sur le texte édité, l’article montre que des spécificités du commentaire, dont des parallèles étroits avec d’autres textes conservés, permettent de l’attribuer à al‑Kindī lui‑même. Cette conclusion s’étend aux Parva naturalia de Rampur, dont l’article montre que le texte de Téhéran devait, à l’origine, faire partie. On montre enfin que ce texte est au fondement du chapitre 14 des Principes des opinions des habitants de la cité vertueuse d’al‑Fārābī, consacré à la prophétie. Plus précisément, on montre que ce chapitre constitue lui‑même un commentaire précis du nouveau texte, que donc al‑Fārābī, dans ce texte, emprunte à al‑Kindī l’essentiel de son interprétation naturaliste de la prophétie. Cette conclusion éclaire d’un nouveau jour la question si mystérieuse de l’influence d’al‑Kindī sur al‑Fārābī.
Theoretical Topicality of Interethnic Relations: Ethnicity and Race in Francophone Sociology
Authors: Bertheleu Hélène
Published: July 2023

In a context marked by the large-scale dissemination of the concept of race and a significant development in the field of discrimination and racism research in francophone sociology, this article aims to reaffirm the scientific value of the theoretical interethnic relations perspective. First, it explores this perspective in light of the proliferation of studies on race and the consolidation of this field over the past twenty years, taking into account theoretical and empirical studies on race, social relations, postcolonialism and intersectionality. It then considers why ethnic questions seem to receive less attention today. The concept of ethnicity seems to have lost its heuristic power and appears to be experiencing a decline in scientific credibility. Overall, the article seeks to explain why ethnicity is often reduced to just the cultural or ideological dimension, while the racial question refers to the economic and political dimensions, as is the case with other social relations.
La pénibilité au travail dans les professions de l’économie verte
Authors: Havet Nathalie , Bayart Caroline , Penot Alexis
Published: July 2023

Ces dernières décennies, les politiques publiques mises en place aux niveaux national et européen ont permis une forte croissance des emplois relevant de « l’économie verte  ». Dans ce contexte, il est pertinent de se demander si ces emplois, censés limiter les nuisances environnementales, garantissent également des conditions de travail satisfaisantes et durables. En se basant sur les deux dernières éditions de l’enquête française Surveillance médicale des expositions aux risques professionnels (Sumer) de 2010 et 2017, cet article propose d’étudier l’évolution de l’exposition des salariés aux facteurs de pénibilité sur leur lieu de travail (contraintes physiques marquées, environnement physique agressif, rythmes de travail atypiques). L’objectif est de comparer les professions de l’économie verte et les professions des autres secteurs, et d’étudier l’évolution des indicateurs de pénibilité entre les deux enquêtes. Nous chercherons à savoir si le développement de l’économie verte peut être un levier pour réduire certaines inégalités d’exposition aux risques professionnels ou si, au contraire, il contribue à la dégradation des conditions de travail de groupes de salariés déjà fragilisés.
Fundamentals of Data Structures
Authors: Varshaa D. , Keerthana Devi A. , Sujithra M.
Published: July 2023

Computer science encompasses various subfields, with data structures and algorithms being important. This chapter aims to enhance proficiency in constructing and analyzing data structures effectively. Studying data structures equips students with the skills to solve real-world problems using suitable structures. The study of data structures offers diverse programming techniques for complex problems yet introduces challenges due to intricate complexities that reshape program architecture. Covering all aspects in a single semester is impractical, as data structures receive extensive attention in graduate, upper-division, and lower-division programs. This text is an introductory resource for the stack, queue, linked list, graph, trees, searching, and sorting algorithms. It also offers insights into their Python implementation and its complexities, applications, and sample code.
Dynamic Programming With Python
Authors: Sunitha Gurram , Abouali Arman , Galety Mohammad Gouse , Sriharsha A. V.
Published: July 2023

Algorithms are at the heart of computer programming. They form the basis of all software applications and help to solve complex computational problems. Various problem-solving strategies involve divide and conquer, greedy, recursion, dynamic programming, backtracking, etc. This can be used to solve optimization problems that have overlapping subproblems. It aims to find an optimal solution by breaking down a problem into sub-problems in order to manage the complexity of the problem-solving and remembering their solutions in order to avoid repeating computation time in future steps. Mathematical optimization is a crucial component of dynamic programming, and it allows us to efficiently solve a wide range of problems that involve making decisions over time. This chapter discusses dynamic programming's relevance, mathematical optimization, ability to solve a wide range of issues, important qualities, and top-down and bottom-up problem-solving methodologies. Dynamic programming solves some typical computational problems effectively, and Python code is supplied for reference.
Analysis of Radicalisation Prevention Policies From the Perspective of Educommunication in Mediterranean Countries
Authors: Azqueta Arantxa , Martín-Gutiérrez Ángela , Rodríguez-Torres Angel Freddy
Published: July 2023

The fight against radicalisation is gaining prominence on international agendas. Europe proposes multilevel actions, where “educommunication” helps to prevent hate speech, as it is a tool that contributes to the formation of a critical public opinion in the 4.0 era. The aim of this chapter is to analyse the attitudes that define interculturally competent citizenship and their presence in the radicalisation prevention policies of three Mediterranean countries: France, Portugal, and Spain. Elements related to openness, respect, civic-mindedness, self-efficacy, and tolerance are analysed. The results show that the plans analysed show differences in 1) the presence or absence of victims in the attacks committed in the territory and 2) the presence of the Muslim population in the territory over a period of time. Furthermore, the analysis has led to the conclusion that it is necessary to promote cross-cutting policies for the prevention of radicalisation that address identity aspects.
Study on the applicability of sponge city concept to flood resilient in Sri Lankan cities: Boralesgamuwa and Sub Urban Areas
Authors: Nethmika T. A. T. , Mahanama P. K. S.
Published: July 2023

In the last few decades, climate change and urbanization have made natural disasters worse all over the world. This has increased the likelihood of flash flood disasters. The purpose of this research is to determine if the six key processes (retention, detention, infiltration, purification, storage, and drainage system) of the China sponge city concept have been accounted for in the projects carried out to construct flood-resilient towns in Sri Lanka, as well as the influence of flood mitigation. This research has identified projects that have adapted the concept's main processes by reviewing the report of the Weras Ganga Development Plan, conducting key informant interviews, and a field survey. As a result, flood height is reduced in Boralesgamuwa and sub-urban areas. But some stages are missed because the SCC is not applied as a concept to flash flood control projects in Sri Lanka.
Prevalence, isolation and identification of histamine forming bacteria in selected stages of supply chain of Yellowfin tuna export industry in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ginigaddarage P. H. , Ganegama Arachchi G. J. , Ariyawansa K.W. S. , Nanayakkara C. M.
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to identify histamine-forming bacteria (HFB) and the sources of introduction of such bacteria to recommend control measures to mitigate histamine formation in yellowfin tuna (YFT). Field samples were collected from multi-day boats that landed at Dikkowita, Negombo, Trincomalee and Dondra fishery harbours. Ice from the fish holds (n=63) and chill transport vehicles (n=63), and swabs from the fish holds (n=63), the boat decks (n=63) and the skin of YFT (n=63) were collected. Fish loin samples (n=15), ice samples (n=36) and swabs from the skin of YFT (n=18), floor (n=18) and chill transport vehicles (n=18) were collected from fish processing plants. Presumptive HFB isolated from Nivens medium and Violet Red Bile Glucose (VRBG) agar were screened for histamine forming ability in Tripticase soy broth (TSB) supplemented with 1.0% L-histidine. HFB isolates were characterized by sequencing approximately 1400 bp of the 16S rDNA. Seven isolates that produced histamine in the range of 3000–4000 ppm in TSB isolated from ice samples, and a swab sample collected from the boat deck, were confirmed as Klebsiella aerogens (n=6) and Morganella morganii (n=1) respectively. Hafnia alvei (n=1), Serratia sp. (n=2), Citrobacter freundii (n=1), Rahnella sp. (n=1) and Aeromonas salmonicida (n=8) were also among the isolated histamine forming bacteria. Pseudomonas sp. (n=24) and Shewanella baltica (n=7), which are known as spoilage bacteria were also isolated and showed weak histamine formation. Hence, it is evident that histamineforming bacteria could be introduced into the fish from ice and contacting surfaces. This necessitates the practice of rigorous cleaning procedures and adaptation of proper postharvest handling procedures to minimize contamination of the fish.
Simulation and Numerical Analysis of SOA Based All Optical NAND Gate for High Data Rate Communication
Authors: Anusooya V. , Ponmalar S. , Manikandan M.S.K. , Gobalakrishnan S.
Published: July 2023

As a result of the development of advanced semiconductor-based optical switching devices and their commercialization, concepts and technologies in all-optical signal processing have evolved significantly in the past few years. In order to realize logical operations in photonic computing, universal gates are needed. In this research, the simple and compact all-optical NAND gate was designed using SOA and simulated at a high data rate of 10Gbps to 40 Gbps. The performance of the proposed NAND gate is shown by the numerical analysis for various input combinations and SOA. By changing wavelengths, injection currents, confinement factors, as well as optical components such as sources, amplifiers, and filters, a numerical analysis is performed. Unique results were obtained at a 10 Gbps data rate for NRZ-L user-defined bit sequences. This kind of all-optical NAND gate will be the perfect alternative in the field of optical computing to realize a high-speed optical communication network. An extinction ratio of 11.48 dB is achieved at a high-speed data rate of 10 Gbps to 40Gbps. The output spectrum of the designed NAND logic is also received for a wide input spectrum and the system responds selectively for the input wavelength at 1548.3 nm which is the probe signal wavelength.
Study on compositional changes of king coconut (Cocos nucifera var. aurantiaca) water and kernel during maturation  and evaluation of optimum quality characteristics targeting commercial applications
Authors: Jayasinghe M.D. , Gunasekara M.M.N.P. , Perera M.G.D.S. , Karunarathna K.D.S.M. , Chandrasiri G.U. , Hewajulige I.G.N.
Published: July 2023

King coconut (Cocos nucifera var. aurantiaca) is a tropical nut with notable nutritional and medicinal values. King coconut water (KCW) and king coconut kernel (KCK) are sweet and refreshing. They undergo several changes during maturation. The objective of this study was to assess the physico-chemical changes of KCW and KCK with maturity. Three different maturity stages (6, 7, and 8 months) of the variety aurantica, known locally as ‘Nawasi Thembili’ were studied for several physico-chemical parameters. Whole nut weight (g), nut-circumference (cm), colour (water/kernel) (*L), nut-water volume (mL), kernel weight (g), and kernel thickness (mm) were assessed as physical parameters, while pH, total soluble solids (oBrix), titratable acidity (as % ascorbic acid), total sugars (g/100g; g/100mL), and minerals (mg/L; mg/kg) were analysed as chemical attributes. Sugars were estimated using Agilent 1260 HPLC and ICP-MS was used to measure the mineral profile. Results revealed that all the tested physical parameters of KCW and KCK increased significantly (p < 0.05) with maturity. The pH, TSS, total sugars, and acidity of KCW increased significantly (p < 0.05), while mineral content decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with maturity. However, the TSS and minerals of KCK decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with maturity and a higher sucrose content was reported in KCK compared to KCW at later maturity. The Ca+2 and Mg+2 were prominent in both KCW and KCK. The study concluded that the physico-chemical characteristics varied widely with the maturity of king coconuts. The selection of optimum harvest maturity to match the preferred attributes of intended applications is suggested.
In-vitro wound healing potential of Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Miller
Authors: Samarasinghe W.M.P. , Jayawardena K.H. , Ranasinghe C. , Somaratne S. , Gunaherath G.M.K.B.
Published: July 2023

Non-healing wounds are a global health problem. Substances that enhance cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and prevention of bacterial infections accelerate the wound healing process. In this study, the wound healing potential of Ziziphus oenoplia, is investigated for its ability in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and antibacterial potential. The potential of cell proliferation enhancement (mean percent wound closure) and angiogenic response (mean vascular index) of hexanes, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of leaf and bark of Z. oenoplia were evaluated by scratch wound assay (SWA) using Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells and chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, respectively. The antibacterial activity of these extracts was evaluated against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by disc diffusion method. Enhanced cell proliferation was shown by the hexanes, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts of leaf and the hexanes extract of bark. An enhanced angiogenic response was shown by the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves and the methanol and hexanes extracts of bark. Dichloromethane extract of both leaf and bark showed considerable antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa which is less susceptible to common antibiotics. SWA-directed fractionation of the hexanes extract of the leaf has resulted in the isolation and identification of an active fraction showing mean percent wound closure of 86.4% (positive control 90.2%) and mean vascular index of 34.5 (positive control 48.6). This fraction contained lupeol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, hexacosanol, and octacosanol. The present study provides supportive evidence for the potential of wound healing enhancement of leaf and bark extracts of Z. oenoplia.
Ownership Structure, Firm Size and the Operational Risk Management of Domestic Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rathnayake S. , Nanayakkara K. G. M.
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The banking sector is a crucial player in any economy, often affected by economic and social crises. Thus, it is vital to identify the intrinsic weaknesses of banks to manage their operational risk. The recent COVID-19 pandemic also severely affects the global financial sector, irrespective of the development status. Accordingly, this study is an attempt to find out the evidence on operational risk management and its relationship with bank size and ownership structure of the banking sector in one of the developing countries in the world, Sri Lanka.Design/Methodology/Approach: Financial data of eight out of thirteen commercial banks in Sri Lanka were analyzed over 13 years using panel data regression analysis. Sri Lankan banks' operational risk management practices are measured by excess capital (over the required minimum capital for operational risk). Deposits plus advances are used to calculate the size of a bank.Findings: It is revealed a significant positive relationship between firm size and operational risk management. A significant relationship between the ownership and excess capital held by banks for managing operational risk is also identified. This result leads to the conclusion that the larger commercial banks hold higher excess capital over the required minimum as per Basel accords. Moreover, government-owned banks are recognized to have more excess capital for operational risk management.Implications: Given the high amount of losses from bad loans and the central bank's implementation of Basel III regulations, the study has implications for Sri Lankan banks.Originality: When considering Sri Lankan context there can be found only a little amount of evidence on operational risk management practices and its relationship with size and ownership.
Long-range PCR amplification-based targeted enrichment & next generation sequencing: A cost-effective testing strategy for lysosomal storage disorders
Authors: Vanaja Maria Celestina , Jain Jamal Mohammed Nurul , Dalal Ashwin , Ranganath Prajnya
Published: July 2023

Background & objectives:

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are genetic metabolic disorders which result from deficiency of lysosomal enzymes or defects in other lysosomal components. Molecular genetic testing of LSDs is required for diagnostic confirmation when lysosomal enzyme assays are not available or not feasible to perform, and for the identification of the disease causing genetic variants. The aim of this study was to develop a cost-effective, readily customizable and scalable molecular genetic testing strategy for LSDs.

Methods:

A testing method was designed based on the in-house creation of selective amplicons through long range PCR amplification for targeted capture and enrichment of different LSD genes of interest, followed by next generation sequencing of pooled samples.

Results:

In the first phase of the study, standardization and validation of the study protocol were done using 28 samples of affected probands and/or carrier parents (group A) with previously identified variants in seven genes, and in the second phase of the study, 30 samples of enzymatically confirmed or biopsy-proven patients with LSDs and/or their carrier parents who had not undergone any prior mutation analysis (group B) were tested and the sequence variants identified in them through the study method were validated by targeted Sanger sequencing.

Interpretation & conclusions:

This testing approach was found to be reliable, easily customizable and cost-effective for the molecular genetic evaluation of LSDs. The same strategy may be applicable, especially in resource poor settings, for developing cost-effective multigene panel tests for other conditions with genetic heterogeneity.
Clinical utility, feasibility of home tonometry using iCare HOME by glaucoma patients
Authors: Kadambi Sujatha V , Aishwarya M , Leelavathy C , George Ronnie , Balekudaru Shantha , Lingam Vijaya , Baskaran Mani
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To determine agreement between diurnal variation testing (DVT) of intraocular pressure (IOP) with Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and iCare HOME (IH) by an optometrist (OP) and home monitoring by participants (PT).

Methods:

Patients (18–80 years) with glaucoma and suspects were enrolled. IH IOP and GAT were taken by an OP at 2 h intervals from 8 AM to 4 PM on Day 1 and PT between 6 AM and 9 PM, for the next 2 days. IOP, date, and time were viewed via iCare LINK software.

Results:

In total, 72.9% (51/70) PT trained were able to take reliable readings. One hundred two eyes (51 patients, age 53 ± 16 yrs) were analyzed. Correlation between optometrist (OP) and participants (PT) was strong and positive {IH OP-IH PT- r = 0.90, p-0.0001;IH PT-GAT- r = 0.79, p-0.0001}. Agreement by Bland Altman plots was limited {IH OP-IH PT mean 0.1 mmHg (95% LOA -5.3 to 5.5), IH PT-GAT 2.2 mmHg (-5.7 to 10.1)}. Intraclass correlation coefficient for IH OP-IH PT was 1.18 (95% CI 1.37-1.09). Intradevice {0.95 (95% CI 0.94-0.97)} and interrater repeatability {0.91 (0.79–0.96)} were good. 37% of eyes had a synchronous peak on GAT and IH during the day DVT.

Conclusion:

Home tonometry by iCare HOME is easy, feasible, but due to limited agreement cannot substitute GAT DVT.
Distance and near vision changes after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection in eyes with center-involving diabetic macular edema
Authors: Rajasekar Loheshwari Kuppuraj , Kashyap Himanshu , Nadig Ramya R , Jaisankar Durgasri , Sathyaprasath Mathangi , Laxmi Gella , Raman Rajiv
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To elucidate distance and near vision changes after intravitreal injections in center-involving diabetic macular edema (CIDME) in phakic and pseudophakic groups.

Methods:

A retrospective study was done on 148 eyes (72 phakic and 76 pseudophakic) with center-involving DME. All eyes were treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection. All patients underwent distance best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) testing, near BCVA testing, dilated fundus examination, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline and follow-up visits. Eyes that could not improve after the first injection were given 2nd, 3rd, and more injections in the subsequent visits.

Results:

On follow-up, post injections in the phakic group (n = 72), there were 65 eyes (90.3%) with stable/improved near vision and 59 eyes (81.9%) with stable/improved distance vision, whereas in the pseudophakic group (n = 76), 63 eyes (82.9%) and 60 eyes (78.9%), respectively. Both in phakic and pseudophakic eyes, 7.7%–13% of the cohort showed only near vision improvement.

Conclusion:

In DME, besides the changes in distance vision, there are also changes in near vision. These changes should be taken into account while determining the response to anti-VEGF in DME treatment.
Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in Dongaria indigenous (tribal) community. Tribal Odisha eye disease study # 12
Authors: Majhi Debasmita , Das Taraprasad , Padhy Debananda , Marmamula Srinivas , Khanna Rohit C , Ota Akhila Bihari , Rout Prachi Parimita , Avhad Komal , Rath Suryasnata
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To document the spectrum and magnitude of eye disorders and visual impairment in the Dongaria—a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group in the Rayagada district of Odisha, India.

Methods:

A door-to-door screening protocol included a record of basic health parameters, visual acuity for distance, and near and flashlight examination of the eyes. Spectacles were dispensed to those who improved; those who failed the screening were referred to fixed (primary and secondary) eye care centers.

Results:

We examined 89% (n = 9872/11,085) of people who consented for screening. The mean age was 25.5 ± 18.8 years; 55% (n = 5391) were female; 13.8% (n = 1361) were under-five children, and 39% (n = 3884) were 6 to 16 years. 86% (n = 8515) were illiterate. 12.4% (n = 1224) were visually impaired, of which 9.9% had early moderate VI, and 2.5% had severe VI and blindness. Uncorrected refractive error was detected in 7.5% (n = 744) and cataracts in 7.6% (n = 754); among the adults, 41.5% (n = 924/2227) had presbyopia. In children, 20% (n = 790) had vitamin A deficiency, 17% (n = 234) had global acute malnutrition, and 18% (n = 244) were stunted for their age. Almost two-thirds (62%, n = 6144) confirmed habitual intake of alcohol, and 4% (n = 389) of adults had essential hypertension. Following the screening, 43.5% (n = 837) of referred patients reported to the fixed centers, and 55% (134/243) of people advised underwent cataract surgery. Spectacles were dispensed to 1496 individuals.

Conclusion:

Visual impairment and malnutrition are high in Dongaria indigenous community. Permanent health facilities and advocacy would improve this community's health and health-seeking behavior.
Mapping prognostic factors for globe survival in panophthalmitis using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models: A retrospective study
Authors: Tanwar Meghana , Chakrabarty Sabyasachi , Chowdhury Gunja , Kim Usha
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of panophthalmitis and to identify factors significantly affecting globe survival in the disease.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study on patients with panophthalmitis in a tertiary hospital between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. The demographics, treatment details, culture results, and final outcomes were recorded. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards (CPH) were calculated to identify variables associated with globe loss. A P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Eighty-five eyes of 85 patients (31 culture positive) were eligible for review. The mean age of the participants was 55.21 ± 20.17 years with a male-to-female ratio of 2.04:1. Corneal ulcer (38.82%; n = 33) and open globe injuries (OGIs) (38.82%; n = 33) were the most common etiologies. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 10; 11.76%) was the most common isolate. The mean duration of hospital stay was 7.58 ± 2.32 days. Overall, 44 (51.76%) globes could be salvaged. The need for evisceration (P = 0.901) and hospital stays (P = 0.095) were similar for culture-positive and -negative cohorts. The unadjusted logistic regression and CPH models showed that culture sterility did not affect globe survival [OR = 1.210 (0.501–2.950), P = 0.668; HR = 1.176 (0.617–2.243), P = 0.623]. The adjusted logistic regression and the CPH models showed that corneal ulcers [OR = 10.900 (2.460–48.200), P = 0.002; HR = 5.393 (1.603–18.140), P = 0.006] and OGI [OR = 7.360 (1.650–32.700), P = 0.009; HR = 4.548 (1.321–15.660), P = 0.016] were significantly associated with globe loss.

Conclusion:

Corneal ulcer or OGI as the primary etiology is detrimental to globe survival in panophthalmitis.
Knowledge and perception of health-care professionals on clinical trials in India: A pan-Indian cross-sectional survey
Authors: Pillai Gopal S , Sheeba C S , Barman Manabjyoti , Sen Alok , Sundaram Natarajan , Dickson Merin , Joyal Shamilin , Choudhury Manjisa , Joy Merlin Mery , Deepthi K G , Jangid Poonam , Dudwadkar Shruti
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and perception of health-care professionals (HCPs), such as doctors/surgeons, pharmacists, nurses, optometrists, and lab technicians, on clinical trials (CTs) in India.

Methods:

The study was a pan-Indian cross-sectional survey initiated by the Indian Ophthalmology Clinical Trial Network (IOCTN) by using a previously validated questionnaire for three months of data collection. An online survey was used to record information regarding demographics, CT knowledge, and CT perception among HCPs.

Results:

A total of 630 responses were recorded from HCPs: 207 doctors and surgeons, 159 pharmacists, and 264 laboratory technicians, nurses, and optometrists across India. Over 90% of HCPs had a clear knowledge on the purpose of CTs, the informed consent (IC) process, ethical approval by the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI). About 80% and 90% were aware of confidentiality of patients, voluntariness of participation, and good clinical practice. Surprisingly, less than 50% had lesser knowledge regarding monetary incentives of CT participants (CTPs). A slightly positive perception was observed regarding the potential benefits of CTPs, compensation related to injury, and importance of obtaining IC. Less than 50% had a negative perception that monetary compensation to CTPs led to bias and deprivation of standard treatments. However, no significant difference was observed between other aspects of demographics and perception regarding CTs.

Conclusion:

We observed doctors and surgeons to be having the highest regarding CTs, followed by pharmacists. The survey highlighted the necessity of scheduling awareness programs among the HCPs, which would improve their misconceptions and perception of CTs while interacting with patients for CT enrollment.
Epidemic retinitis during pregnancy
Authors: Kawali Ankush , Mahendradas Padmamalini , Sanjay Srinivasan , Mishra Sai Bhakti , Shetty Bhujang
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To study the clinical presentation and treatment outcome of epidemic retinitis (ER) during pregnancy.

Methods:

This is a retrospective, observational chart review of pregnant patients diagnosed with ER from January 2014 to February 2023. Demographic details, month of pregnancy at the onset of ocular symptoms, history of present illness, clinical manifestations, and treatment outcomes were studied.

Results:

In 9 years, ER was seen in 86 females, of whom 12 (13.9%) were pregnant. Twenty-one eyes of those 12 patients were studied. Most of the patients presented in the sixth month of pregnancy (range: 5–9 months, mean: 6.3 months). Physicians diagnosed viral exanthematous fever in six, typhoid in three, and suspected rickettsia in one patient. Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) was performed in two patients before presentation. Weil–Felix test was positive in five,Brucellain one, WIDAL in three, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) IgG and dengue IgG in one patient each. Oral antibiotics were given in five patients (two post-medical termination of pregnancy [MTP]) for the retinitis. All except four received oral steroids. Mean presenting corrected distant visual acuity (n= 21) was 20/125 (range: 20/20–20/20,000), which improved to (n= 18) 20/30 (range: 20/20–20/240). Macular edema (n= 11) resolved in 33.18 days (range: 20–50 days), and retinitis (n= 13) resolved in 58 days (range: 30–110 days). Ocular and systemic examination of newborn was possible in two and the babies were normal.

Conclusion:

ER is seen commonly at the beginning of the third trimester. Lack of antibiotics may delay the resolution of retinitis. Ocular health needs to be assessed in larger series to conclude absence of retinal involvement in newborns.
Demographic profile and clinical characteristics of patients presenting with acute ocular burns
Authors: Kate Anahita , Sharma Supriya , Yathish S , Das Anthony Vipin , Malepati Nikhila , Donthineni Pragnya R , Basu Sayan , D’Souza Sharon , Shanbhag Swapna S
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To study and compare the demographic and clinical profile of acute ocular burns (AOB) in children and adults.

Methods:

This retrospective case series included 271 children (338 eyes) and 1300 adults (1809 eyes) who presented to two tertiary eye care centers within one month of sustaining AOB. Data regarding demographics, causative agents, severity of injury, visual acuity (VA), and treatment were collected and analyzed.

Results:

Males were more commonly affected particularly among adults (81% versus 64%, P < 0.00001). Among children, 79% sustained domestic injuries, whereas 59% of adults had work-place injuries (P < 0.0001). Most cases were due to alkali (38%) and acids (22%). Edible lime (chuna, 32%), superglue (14%), and firecrackers (12%) in children, and chuna (7%), insecticides, lye, superglue (6% each), toilet cleaner (4%) and battery acid (3%) in adults, were the main causative agents. The percentage of cases with Dua grade IV-VI was greater in children (16% versus 9%; P = 0.0001). Amniotic membrane grafting and/or tarsorrhaphy were needed in 36% and 14% of affected eyes in children and adults, respectively (P < 0.00001). The median presenting VA was logMAR 0.5 in children and logMAR 0.3 in adults (P = 0.0001), which improved significantly with treatment in both groups (P < 0.0001), but the final VA in eyes with Dua grade IV-VI burns was poorer in children (logMAR 1.3 versus logMAR 0.8, P = 0.04).

Conclusion:

The findings clearly delineate the at-risk groups, causative agents, clinical severity, and treatment outcomes of AOB. Increased awareness and data-driven targeted preventive strategies are needed to reduce the avoidable ocular morbidity in AOB.
Impact of learning effect on reliability factors and global indices in visual field testing by standard automated perimetry in normal healthy subjects and primary open-angle glaucoma patients to obtain an accurate baseline perimetry chart
Authors: Rana Jagriti , Singh Anjali , Singh Arti , Singh Kamaljeet , Singh Shivangi , Yadav Vineet Kumar
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To record and evaluate the reliability parameters (fixation loss (FL) %, false positive (FP) %) and global indices (mean sensitivity (MS), mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation in dB) in three visual field test sessions within two weeks to assess the learning effect in normal healthy subjects and POAG patients and comparison of learning effect gender wise and age wise in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.

Methods:

This study was a prospective observational study. An oculus visual field testing was done and analyzed in 30 eyes of POAG patients and 30 eyes of normal healthy subjects in three visits.

Results:

There were 16 (53.3%) males and 14 (46.6%) females in the POAG group and 16 (53.33%) males and 14 (46.66%) females in the normal healthy subject group. A significant difference in data change between each visit in FL, FP, MD, MS was found though the difference was more pronounced in the second visit than in the third visit. The pattern standard deviation does not change significantly in subsequent visits in both groups. Gender wise and age wise no significant difference was found in the POAG group.

Conclusion:

Significant improvement in reliability parameters and global indices with each subsequent visit in both the POAG group and normal patients signifies the importance of learning effect on these parameters and the need to perform at least three tests to get the baseline perimetry chart, especially in POAG patients, while in normal subjects, second perimetric result can be accepted. It was also concluded that the learning effect is not influenced by age and gender.
A comparative study on surgical outcomes of trabeculectomy with and without anti-metabolites in juvenile open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Senthilkumar Vijayalakshmi A , Rajendrababu Sharmila , Kavya Kondepati , Pathak Amit , Uduman Mohammed Sithiq
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To compare the surgical outcomes of trabeculectomy with and without anti-metabolites in patients with juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG).

Methods:

This retrospective comparative case series included 98 eyes of 66 patients with JOAG who underwent either trabeculectomy without anti-metabolites (group A, n = 53 eyes) or with anti-metabolites (group B, n = 45 eyes) with a minimum of 2 years follow-up. The main outcome measures were intra-ocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, visual acuity, additional surgical interventions, surgical complications, and risk factors for failure. Surgical failure was defined as IOP >18 mmHg or failure to reduce IOP by <30% from the baseline value or IOP ≤5 mmHg or re-operation for refractory glaucoma or a complication or loss of light perception vision.

Results:

The mean post-operative IOP reduced significantly from baseline at all post-operative visits until 6 months and thereafter. The cumulative probability of failure at 2 years was 28.7% in group A [95% confidence interval (CI) = 17.6–44.8%] and 29.1% in group B (95% CI = 17.1–46.7%) (P = 0.78). Surgical complications occurred in 18 eyes (34%) in group A and 19 eyes (42%) in group B. Re-operations for glaucoma or complications were performed in two eyes (3.8%) in group A and two eyes (4.4%) in group B. Cox-hazard regression model revealed male gender (HR = 0.29; P = 0.008), baseline high IOP (HR = 0.95; P = 0.002), and an increased number of pre-operative glaucoma medications (HR = 2.08; P = 0.010) as significant factors associated with failure.

Conclusion:

Our study results on trabeculectomy in JOAG revealed a success of 71% in both groups at 2 years follow-up. There was no significant difference in success or failure rates between the two groups. The risk factors for poor surgical outcome in JOAG were male gender, baseline high IOP, and an increased number of glaucoma medications.
A long-term clinical outcome of Hoffmann pocket four-point scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation combined with penetrating keratoplasty – A single corneal surgeon’s report
Authors: Narayanan Niveditha , Ravi Pranessh , Toshwani Nikhil
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To analyze retrospectively the outcomes of Hoffmann pocket scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation combined with penetrating keratoplasty at a tertiary institute by a single corneal surgeon.

Methods:

Forty-two eyes of 42 patients, aged between 11 and 84 years, had a mean follow-up of 2 ± 2.216 years. Overall, five (11.9%) had congenital and 37 had acquired pathology, 15 were pseudophakic, 23 were aphakic, and four were phakic. The commonest indication was trauma in 19 (45.2%), and 21 had previous multiple surgeries including five retinal procedures.

Results:

The grafts were clear in 20 (47.6%), they failed in 20, three had acute rejection, three were ectatic, two had infection, one had persistent edema, and one had endophthalmitis. The mean log of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best corrected visual acuity was 1.902 pre-op, 1.802 at the final follow-up, and 0.52 after excluding preexisting retinal pathologies. At the last follow-up, the vision improved in 18 (42.9%), maintained in 6, and worsened in 18, and three needed more than −5.00 D and seven needed more than −3.00 D cylinder correction. Five had glaucoma preoperatively, 10 developed the condition postoperatively, six needed cyclodestructive procedure, and three had valve surgery.

Conclusion:

Advantages of this surgery are avoidance of additional sections to insert the lens, direct positioning of the lens in the posterior chamber, rotational stability of the lens from four-point fixation, and untouched conjunctiva over the scleral pockets. The fact that 20 had clear grafts and 18 visually improved, though two needed lens removal and one developed retinal detachment postsurgery is encouraging. More cases with longer follow-ups will help understand the technique better.
Prevalence and Determinants of Avian Allergic Manifestation in a Selected Rural Population in Mysuru: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Anil Deepak , Salkatte Ravindra , Sunil Kumar D , Vanmathi A , Gopi Arun , Murthy M. R. Narayana
Published: July 2023

Background:

Avian diseases should be known to people who raise birds as pets or for commercial purposes. Exposure to high levels of airborne dust and endotoxins is known to cause allergies. This study, therefore, intends to assess avian allergy and its associated factors among poultry workers and bird fanciers in urban Mysuru.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done over three months among 60 poultry workers and 60 bird fanciers in a selected rural population of the Mysuru district. The participants were selected by simple random sampling method and their data were obtained by interview method using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test was used to check the associations between the demographic variables’ avian allergy.

Results:

The survey revealed that 31.67% of poultry workers and 53.33% of bird fanciers had symptoms. The majority of the study participants were illiterate and were not using personal protective equipment (PPE) regularly. The results showed a significant association between education (P = 0.013) and the use of PPE (P = 0.020) with avian allergy. Observing the health hazards, 42.10% had respiratory problems, 42.10% had skin problems, and 26.31% had eye problems. Further, a significant association was also found between education and knowledge about diseases (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The avian allergy among the bird fanciers was higher when compared to poultry workers. It is necessary to organize routine counseling, awareness, and training programs about diseases and prevention strategies related to their work and living environments and keep them updated.