bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise da qualidade do ar interno em veículo de passeio: um estudo de caso
Authors: Moura Rogerio Arruda de , Cordeiro Filipe , Sales Aldo Torres , Carvalho Fernando Ferreira de
Published: February 2023

As mudanças climáticas são um problema global, cujos maiores impactos só poderão ser vistos a longo prazo envolvendo, em escala global, interações entre processos naturais, sociais, econômicos e políticos. Sendo assim, a sociedade precisa estar ciente do alto grau de poluição atmosférica existente, bem como das muitas medidas que podem ser aplicadas para tentar combatê-la e reduzi-la. Sabemos que o oxigênio presente no ar, ao ser inspirado, o é absorvido na corrente sanguínea e o dióxido de carbono (CO2) é expirado para a atmosfera. Com base nisso, este estudo teve como objetivo a demonstração da necessidade de se observar as altas taxas de concentração geradas de CO2, no ambiente interno de veículos automotores, e suas consequências em relação à saúde dos condutores, quando expostos as estas taxas por um tempo elevado, bem como o entendimento dos usuários desses veículos sobre essas consequências, através de uma pesquisa de campo abrangendo várias perguntas para compor um série de resultados, que corroboraram com o objetivo da pesquisa. Dentre os pontos observados na pesquisa, o mais importante foi a falta de percepção, pelos usuários entrevistados, sobre os danos que a exposição a taxas de CO2 acima do permitido pelos órgãos reguladores da saúde (1000ppm), poderiam causar à sua saúde e a de quem estiver com eles nos seus veículos durante o seu tempo de percurso diário. Não obstante, o estudo tenha apontado para essa falta de informação com relação aos danos do CO2 à saúde, pôde-se observar que, a partir das respostas à perguntas referentes a esta questão, houve uma notória intensão em se ter um dispositivo que alertasse os usuários dos veículos, através de um sinal sonoro, sobre a elevação dos níveis de concentração de CO2, para que possam tomar as providências necessárias para mitigar ou neutralizar o evento, como a recirculação do sistema de ar e/ou a abertura das janelas do veículo para troca de ar interna do veículo. Isso deixou claro a relevância do estudo em questão, a partir da percepção dos usuários entrevistados, quanto a questão de como mitigar esses danos, que a adoção desse tipo de dispositivo sonoro pode ajudar a reduzir em muito o aumento de doenças causadas pela exposição elevada do CO2 em ambientes fechados, em especial os veículos automotores.
Content Analysis of ‘Preparing for Parenthood’ Chapters in the 2015 Revised Curriculum High-School Technology and Home Economics Textbooks: Implications for Pre-Parent Education Aimed at Adolescents
Authors: Kim Soyoung
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to identify ways to implement pre-parent education for adolescents in regular classes at school. This was achieved by investigating whether the contents of the 2015 revised curriculum high-school technology and home economics textbooks reflected the goals of pre-parent education. The main texts and activities of chapters with ‘preparing for parenthood’ in the title from 12 high-school technology and home economics education textbooks were analyzed with respect to the three pre-parent education goals of developing perceptions and attitudes toward parenthood, learning parenting knowledge and skills, and reinforcing parental capacity. The results were as follows. First, textbook contents and activities reflected the three goals of pre-parent education in a balanced manner. Second, both the contents and activities of textbooks tried to motivate students to perceive parenthood and parenting through reflection on their relationship with their own parents. Third, because the textbooks encouraged students to consider parenthood and parenting, they acknowledged the importance of undertaking pre-parent education to reinforce their parental capacities. Using such textbooks in regular technology and home economics classes is expected to provide students with an opportunity to consider parenthood and shape their perceptions and attitudes accordingly, thereby allowing adolescents to prepare themselves for parenthood and become good parents.
Bloody Burdens: Post-secondary Students and Menstruation on Campus
Authors: Smith Lisa , Gacimi Rim
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we discuss a qualitative data set that was gathered as part of a survey aiming to document access to menstrual supplies on campus and impacts on students. This research emerged in response to the growing interest in menstrual equity on campus, as well as literature examining student experiences of menstruation in the Global North. Through a thematic analysis, three main themes emerged: menstruation happens on campus, menstruation is managed on campus, and finally, the “solution” to the “problem.” Woven throughout the paper are notes on changes on the campus where the study took place and as the research unfolded—including the installation of barrier-free dispensers. In closing, we offer a postscript on the challenge of simple fixes—such as swapping out dispensers—in relation to addressing supports needed for menstruators. We found that menstruation is a burden that is experienced differentially by students, and outcomes and impacts cannot easily be confined to expected campus spaces, such as toilets. To this end, there is no easy fix, and we should not lose sight of the deeper and ongoing work ahead within post-secondary settings and beyond.
Clima escolar: perspectivas e possibilidades de análise
Authors: Santos João Marcos Vitorino dos , Adam Joyce Mary
Published: February 2023

Este livro propõe a discussão sistemática sobre o clima escolar, levando em consideração as dimensões apresentadas como forma de levantar indicadores que favorecem os processos de convivência e trocas entre pares, assim como a identificação das questões relacionais que precisam ser melhoradas para que a comunidade escolar esteja mais integrada com o projeto de escola da instituição. Os autores justificam a necessidade de se articular nas escolas uma cultura de avaliação que extrapole a abstração de dados censitários sobre a aprendizagem, abrindo possibilidades para se pensar a importância do diagnóstico preciso da qualidade das relações entre os sujeitos escolares, como mecanismo de prevenção às situações de disruptividade. Assim, pensar na melhoria das condições que afetam a convivência, e que por vezes, passam despercebidos pelos sujeitos escolares, é fator relevante, e fomenta a possibilidade de as instituições escolares criarem possibilidades de ação frente aos desafios evidenciados por meio da análise de seu clima escolar.
Residual rocky forms in the landscape of the Outer Carpathians (Silesian Beskid Mts, Poland) - geotourist and sedimentological case study
Authors: Strzeboński Piotr
Published: February 2023

This study investigated residual landforms developed within of the flysch bedrock in the Outer Western Carpathians as sandstone-to-conglomeratic tors. The studied relic rocky forms are locally exposed on the valley slopes in the top and plateau parts of the Silesian Beskid Mts. The cognitive values of such relic landforms, especially in the context of their morphogenetic traits and shaping of their macro- and microrelief, are well known and described. In contrast to epigenetic processes, the sedimentological aspect of the origin of such siliciclastic rocky deposits is still subject to different approaches in terms of terminology and interpretation. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the conditions of environmental settings and character of the sediment transport and deposition processes from gravity flows, and to present a depositional system model for such a variety of flysch deposits. This study also attempts to present geotourist and geoeducational attractiveness of the tors against the background of regional geodiversity, geoheritage, and geoprotection. The results yielded a synthetic morpho-litho-sedimentological and geotouristic specification of the rocky forms analysed. The residual rocky landforms are polygenic geomorphological elements developed as a consequence of multistage and different scale of morph-forming activity operating on the basis of litho-sedimentological and tectonic assumptions under the influence of denudation processes.
Residual rocky forms in the landscape of the Outer Carpathians (Silesian Beskid Mts, Poland) – geotourist and sedimentological case study
Authors: Strzeboński Piotr
Published: February 2023

This study investigated residual landforms developed within of the flysch bedrock in the Outer Western Carpathians as sandstone-to-conglomeratic tors. The studied relic rocky forms are locally exposed on the valley slopes in the top and plateau parts of the Silesian Beskid Mts. The cognitive values of such relic landforms, especially in the context of their morphogenetic traits and shaping of their macro- and microrelief, are well known and described. In contrast to epigenetic processes, the sedimentological aspect of the origin of such siliciclastic rocky deposits is still subject to different approaches in terms of terminology and interpretation. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the conditions of environmental settings and character of the sediment transport and deposition processes from gravity flows, and to present a depositional system model for such a variety of flysch deposits. This study also attempts to present geotourist and geoeducational attractiveness of the tors against the background of regional geodiversity, geoheritage, and geoprotection. The results yielded a synthetic morpho-litho-sedimentological and geotouristic specification of the rocky forms analysed. The residual rocky landforms are polygenic geomorphological elements developed as a consequence of multistage and different scale of morph-forming activity operating on the basis of litho-sedimentological and tectonic assumptions under the influence of denudation processes.
KVM Terminal Software Design Based on RK3399 Processor
Authors: Xin Xiaoqiang , Wang Fengbo , Huang Qinglin
Published: February 2023

KVM denotes the initials of the keyboard, monitor and mouse of a computer. digital KVM systems are composed of two parts, one is the device terminal and the other is the software adapted to this device terminal. KVM systems are emerging remote centralized management technologies for multiple devices in multiple locations based on IP networks in recent years [1,2]. digital KVM systems mainly use IP networks to control remote computers to control remote computers mainly through IP networks [3]. Therefore, KVM systems are widely used in computer management and remote control of computers. In practical applications, the compression efficiency of images is relatively low and the delay of mouse movements is relatively large. To address these two shortcomings, this paper designs a software based on the RK3399 processor, which on the one hand performs fast image acquisition and high-quality encoding, and on the other hand realizes input control of the target computer through the mouse and keyboard control chip UI012.
Evaluation of the Performance of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) Models: Application to Confirmed Cases of Covid-19 in Nigeria
Authors: Omotola Olafioye, Sunday , Segun Oguntade, Emmanuel , Adeyeye Awogbemi, Clement
Published: February 2023

In this study, the performance of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) models was investigated and evaluated using daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria. The stationarity status of the data collected was established using Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test. The residual normality test was also carried out with the residual plots indicating adequacy of the fitted ARIMA model.  The results of neural networks were analyzed using back-propagation for multilayer feed-forward powered by sigmoid function. Utilizing backpropagation method based on three factors expressed in terms of the learning rate, the distance between the actual output and predicted output and the activation function, the network weights were generated  The performance indices for ARIMA and ANNs models were evaluated using Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE and the results revealed that the ARIMA model performed better than the ANN model considering the minimum prediction error and forecasting ability. The ARIMA (2, 1, 1)  model  appeared to be the best fitted model over the ANN model for the daily confirmed covid-19 cases considered.
Effect of Copper Fungicide on Earthworm, Lampito mauritii
Authors: Patnaik Aliva , Meher Rajnandini
Published: February 2023

Copper such as copper oxychloride has wide use as a fungicide/bactericide which prevents infection in plants. The recommended dose of copper oxychloride for rice fields is 3 g/l which contains   50% copper i.e 1.5 g copper/l or 1500 ppm. The earthworms that play a major role in soil physical, chemical and biological improvement of soil are exposed to the copper fungicide. During the suspension culture the epi-anecic earthworm, Lampito mauritii (Kinberg) could not survive beyond 30 ppm. So, the earthworms were exposed to lethal levels of copper i.e., 0, 10, 20 and 30 ppm of copper and the effect on growth, feeding, respiration, excretion and regeneration was found to be significantly deleterious. On exposure to a sublethal dose of copper oxychloride the respiration increased but there was a marked reduction in growth, feeding, excretion and regeneration. The positive contribution of the earthworm was hampered but it continued to utilize energy from the system and this was the major finding of this work.
Spécies Diversity and Physiological Characterization of Fusarium spp. Isolates Causing Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Fusariosis (Far-North, Cameroon)
Authors: Ulrich Boydoul Fréderic , Gonné Sobda , Yoyo Fankou Dougouan Merline , Madjerembe Abdoul , Serge Rapmo Kononer , Seussemaga Eloa , Pierre Metsena , Patrice Ngoh Dooh Jules , Kosma Philippe
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Potato production in the Far North Region, Cameroon is hampered by a wide range of fungi of the genus Fusarium.

Aims: The aim of this work was to isolate and conduct physiological characterization of Fusarium spp. isolates responsible for potato Fusarium disease in the Far North Region, Cameroon.

Methodology: Isolates were obtained from diseased organs (leaves) from fifteen villages in the district of Mogodé, Mokolo and Koza, Far North Cameroon. The species responsible for fusariosis were identified using several identification Keys on a base of symptoms and morphological spores characteristics (macroconidia, microconidia and chlamydospores). Fusarium incidence and rainfall were assessed. Radial growth, sporulation and pathogenicity of the isolates were use to evaluated the parameters of physiological characterization.

 Results: The overall average incidence of Fusarium head blight in the Far North Region, Cameroon is 29.36%. Furthermore, out of the 20 isolates obtained, six Fusarium species (Fusarium oxysporium, F. solani, F. equiseti, F. avenacearum, F. colmorum and F. sambicum) were identified. The highest growth rate (8.1 cm), the highest spore production (8 × 105) and the highest severity index (3%) were respectively obtained with the isolates FUROM 2 and FUTEK 3, FUMOG 1, FUMOG 2, FUROM 1 and FURAF from Mogodé District on PCA medium.

Conclusion: Potato production in the Far North Region, Cameroon is confronted by various Fusarium species which have physiological characteristics that vary according to the area of origin of the isolates and the growing media.
Generalization of the Expansion of the Lagrange Multiplier Identifier Integrals for the Variational Iteration Method
Authors: Okiotor N. , Ogunfiditimi F.
Published: February 2023

This study presents a theorem for resolving certain integrals. These integrals usually arise in the Correction Functional of the Variational Iteration Method (VIM). Resolving these integrals in the Correction Functional of VIM enables the accurate determination of the Lagrange multiplier for the method, which in turn leads to faster convergence rate for the solution of VIM. The study begins with a brief overview of the Lagrange Multiplier and VIM. This is followed by the theorem and a few experimental problems considered to demonstrate the usefulness of the theorem in the implementation of VIM. Comparison of results obtained shows that accurately determined Lagrange Multiplier for VIM improves the convergence rate of the method compared to using approximately determined Lagrange multiplier for the scheme.  Evaluations are carried out using Maple 18 software.
Prevalence of Hepatitis D Virus among People Attending the Antiretroviral Clinic and the Effect on the Liver Function Enzymes
Authors: Baeka Glory Barinuaka , Lawson Stephenson Danagogo , Yeshua Sopriala Attoni
Published: February 2023

Hepatitis D virus is an incomplete RNA virus requiring the assistance of the hepatitis B virus, specifically the HBsAg, to be infectious in humans. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of HDV among HIV patients and the effect on liver enzymes. The study was conducted at the Rivers state University Teaching hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Blood samples were obtained through vein puncture from 93 adults of which 41(44%) were males while 52(56%) were females between the ages 18 and 70 years attending the antiretroviral clinic and CD4+ cell count was also obtained. The samples were preserved at -20ºC.  Each of the samples was tested using a SWE-Care rapid strip (China) for the presence of HBsAg. HDV antibody was detected using a Dia. Pro ELISA kit (Italy). The AST, ALT and ALP were determined. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data and P values were determined. From the total samples collected, 7(7.5%) of them were positive to the HBsAg test of which 3(3.2%) were males, while 4(4.3%) of them were females. Of the 7 people positive to the HBsAg, 6(6.4%) were positive to the HDV antibody with 3(3.2%) females and 3(3.2%) males. There was significant depletion of the CD4+ cells across the groups. For the liver function test, the P values were ˃ 0.05 for AST, ALT and ˂ 0.05 for ALP. The HDV infection from the study was not gender, nor age based and suggests a negative impact on the CD4 cells.  The liver function enzyme analysis, suggest higher risk of hypertension in HIV/HBV/HDV infection.
WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR TOURISTS TAX IN PREMIUM DESTINATIONS: LABUAN BAJO CASE STUDY
Authors: Siagian Reynaldo Angga , Safitri Ni Wayan Noviana , Panjaitan Thyophoida W. S.
Published: February 2023

The government is trying to break away from dependence on the exploitation of natural resources, so in recent years, it has focused on tourism. The Covid-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the tourism sector, but in 2022 the level of foreign tourist visits to Indonesia is slowly starting to improve. Labuan Bajo is one of the areas targeted by the government to be developed in the tourism sector to make premium destination spots, in supporting the existence of tourism, various infrastructures are built so that they can become world-class destinations. In addition, Labuan Bajo also offers natural tourism products that require sustainability to maintain their natural habitat and certainly require considerable costs in conducting regular monitoring and maintenance. The existence of high development and operational costs, the government needs to find ways to obtain optimal state revenue, especially in terms of taxes charged to tourists. The revenue obtained from the tourism tax is a very important financial source for the government and tourism authorities to ensure the sustainability of the tourism sector and can improve the quality of destinations given to visitors to tourist attractions. In an effort by tourism policymakers to create an efficient and fair tax system in tourist destinations, it is very important to understand tourists' perceptions of willingness to pay (WTP), tax rates, and optimal allocation. This research is a qualitative study, and the purpose of this study is to evaluate the tourism tax charged to tourists as compensation to get optimal regional income and to measure the willingness to pay tourists. The ability to pay is necessary to know how much the government can attract taxes to get optimal local revenue but not be too burdensome for tourists.  This research will also explore tourist perceptions regarding taxes and what things need to be developed so that absorption from state and regional budgets can be effective in developing destination areas, especially in a sustainable manner. The approach used in data collection using semi-structured in-depth interviews with international tourists visiting Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara. This research is expected to be used by policymakers to understand the optimal value of tourism taxes to be able to develop their regions.
Working Capital Management and Leverage to Profitability: Case of Manufacturing Firms in Indonesia
Authors: Sany Sany , Winata Andrew , Yasin Teresa Veline
Published: February 2023

This study aims to investigate whether Working Capital Management (WCM) and leverage affect firm profitability. Data concern was gathered from Bloomberg database terminal. Sample is manufacturing companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) over the period of 2014 – 2020, which already established for some time. WCM is measured by using Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC), profitability is proxied with ROA while leverage is proxied by Debt-to-Equity. We find that the length of CCC days does not affect profitability, while the higher proportion of debt to equity will reduce profitability, on the other hand, the higher sales growth will enhance better firms’ profitability performance. Our findings contribute to understanding of the relationship of CCC and leverage on profitability in emerging markets.
Imagining a future for psychotherapy in Aotearoa
Authors: Miranda Claire
Published: February 2023

This paper discusses Donna Orange’s idea that Levinas’s philosophical position of radical ethics, when combined with the psychoanalytic concept of intersubjectivity, could unravel blindness to the climate crisis. Genocidal colonisation by Europeans across the world is a disavowed history that has been ruinous not only for the colonised, but also for the internal worlds of the colonisers. We remain in the grip of a destructive competitive mindset, driven by the forces of shame, shame anxiety, and envy. Psychotherapists could play a part in a better future by articulating the emotional defences at play in ecocide and strengthening our own workforce and those who are fighting against the climate crisis, with group work.
Comparative Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Fire Standards for Railway Vehicles
Authors: Oh Dae-Gun , Hwang EuyHong , Choi DonMook
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a comparative analysis on the fire standards that have been recently applied to railway vehicles in domestic and foreign countries and ways to improve the domestic fire standards. In Europe, the fire test standards for railroad vehicles have recently been made mandatory therefore, fire tests are absolutely necessary for exporting railroad vehicles to Europe. However, domestic organizations related to railways are not fully aware of the trends in the relevant railway fire standards. Therefore, the current situation of domestic fire regulations was reviewed, and as an improvement method, fire tests of the fire standard EN 45545 (fire testing) were reviewed.
Study on the Thermal Characteristics of Pavement Materials Using Polymer Binder (Polymer-Binder-Used Mixture)
Authors: Lee Kwanho , Lee Jaegeon , Kim Seongkyum
Published: February 2023

Asphalt pavement accounts for ~87% of the overall pavement in Korea. However, owing to the black surface and extensive cover area, the ambient temperature rapidly increases, thereby contributing to the urban heat island effect. Therefore, pavement materials with modified porosity and pavement surface conditions have been developed; however, studies on the heat-related characteristic values of such pavement materials are insufficient. In this study, the thermal characteristics of pavement materials were evaluated with regard to the urban heat island effect. Test specimens such as WC-2 and PA-13, i.e., polymer-binder-used mixture, were compressed using a Gyratory Compactor. The thermal characteristics, i.e., thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal emissivity, were studied, and a heat accumulation test was performed. The water-permeable polyurethane concrete mixture (polymer-binder-used mixture) exhibited ~4% lower thermal emissivity than the conventional asphalt mixture, and according to the analysis of the change in thermal conductivity based on heat accumulation, it was confirmed that the rate of the heat energy transfer effect was ~20% slower than that of the asphalt mixture. The study results provide essential information for the analysis and design of energy harvesting and freeze-thaw pavement-related systems.
Requirements of Standard Establishment for Lattice-type Bi-block Reinforced Concrete Sleepers
Authors: Choi Jinyu , Yoon Ki-Yong , Moon Jiho
Published: February 2023

Lattice-type bi-block reinforced concrete (RC) sleepers have been widely used for cast-in-place concrete slab tracks. However, the standards for manufacturing, inspection, and performance verification of the lattice-type bi-block RC sleepers are not well established, even when such a sleeper is a critical component of the cast-in-place concrete slab track. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new standard for lattice-type bi-block RC sleepers. In this study, the requirements for the relevant standard were investigated through literature review. Domestic and international standards pertaining lattice-type bi-block RC sleepers were summarized and compared with each other. Consequently, the requirements for standard establishment were proposed.
Experimental Evaluation Method of Carbonation in Concrete Structure Using Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasonic Spectroscopy
Authors: Hwang Ju-young , Shim Minsuk
Published: February 2023

Carbonation is a typical type of concrete deterioration that can cause various physicochemical changes and adversely affects the performance of reinforced concrete structures, particularly in offshore structures. Nonlinear resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy (NRUS), which is a non-destructive test technique, is applied in this study to experimentally evaluate the degree of concrete carbonation without damaging the structure. Nonlinearity parameters of test specimens exposed to accelerated carbonation conditions are measured via NRUS. The measured nonlinearity parameters indicate lower values for longer carbonation durations. This is because internal microcracks are reduced by CaCO3, which is a carbonation product. The consistent trend of the experimental results shows that NRUS can be effectively applied to evaluate concrete carbonation.
Improving the Dewaterability of a Filter Press through Optimization of the Coagulation Conditions of Sewage Sludge
Authors: Choi Hyoyoung , Kim Junghyeon , Lee Sujin , Byun Imgyu
Published: February 2023

This study applied a filter press for dewatering that uses pressure to reduce the water content of sludge generated in sewage treatment plants and evaluated the improvement of dewaterability under various coagulation conditions according to the type of coagulants, amounts, and pH conditions. The improvement of dewaterability was evaluated by measurement of time to filter (TTF), change in zeta potential, and sludge cake generated after filter press dewatering. It was found that under the applied coagulation conditions, inorganic coagulants were suitable for filter press dewatering. The optimum conditions were PAC with a dose of 70 mg/gTS, pH 10 for mixed sludge, and PAC with a dose of 100 mg/gTS, pH 6 for anaerobically digested sludge. Under optimal coagulation conditions, the water content of the sludge cake was 57% and 65%, respectively, marking a reduction by 19-27% compared to conventional centrifuge dewatering.
A Study on the Segmentation of Heat Wave Warning Zones using Cluster Analysis
Authors: Moon Namki , Yeom Woongsun , Park Dong-Hyeok , Ahn Jae-Hyun
Published: February 2023

A heat wave countermeasure period was selected and operated to minimize the damage from heat waves in Korea. However, to this date, there are no clear ideas and methodology for selecting a heat wave countermeasure period, resulting in continuous budget expenditure incurred for its preparation and response activities. This requires an efficient selection of countermeasure periods. This study analyzed the time series data trend of heat index using Mann-Kendall and Pettitt test for cities and counties in Gyeongsangbuk-do, and it confirmed the current characteristics of increasing heat waves compared to- those in the past. In addition, K-means cluster analysis was applied to derive the city-wise heat wave characteristics. The cities and counties were classified into three based on the heatwave characteristics and starting point and ending point of each heat wave characteristic representing the years 2004 to 2021 between July 21 to August 11, July 16 to August 15, and July 11 to August 19. It was also confirmed that there was a significant difference from the heat wave countermeasure period (May 20~Sep 30) currently selected. Hence, in the future, economic losses may be minimized in terms of disaster preparedness and response through the selection of the heatwave countermeasure period reflecting temporal and spatial characteristics.
Association of Comprehensive Menthol Flavor Ban With Current Cigarette Smoking in Massachusetts From 2017 to 2021
Authors: Asare Samuel , Majmundar Anuja , Xue Zheng , Jemal Ahmedin , Nargis Nigar
Published: February 2023

This cross-sectional study compares self-reported smoking by adults before vs after prohibition of menthol-flavored cigarettes.
Assessment of US Federal Funding of Incarceration-Related Research, 1985 to 2022
Authors: Boch Samantha J. , Murnan Aaron W. , Pollard Jordan F. , Nidey Nichole L. , Hardy Rose Y. , Iruka Iheoma U.
Published: February 2023

Importance

The US leads the world in the raw number of incarcerated persons as well as the rate of incarceration, with detrimental effects on individual-, family-, community-, and population-level health; as such, federal research has a critical role in documenting and addressing the health-related impacts of the US criminal legal system. How often incarceration-related research is funded at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Science Foundation (NSF), and US Department of Justice (DOJ) levels has a direct association with the public attention given to mass incarceration as well as the efficacy of strategies to mitigate negative effects and poor health related to incarceration.

Objective

To understand how many incarceration-related projects have been funded at the NIH, NSF, and DOJ.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used public historical project archives to search for relevant incarceration-related keywords (eg, incarceration, prison, parole) since January 1, 1985 (NIH and NSF), and since January 1, 2008 (DOJ). Quotations and Boolean operator logic were used. All searches and counts were conducted and double verified by 2 coauthors between December 12 and 17, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Number and prevalence of funded projects related to incarceration and prison keywords.

Results

The term incarceration resulted in 3540 of 3 234 159 total project awards (0.11%) and prisoner-related terms resulted in 11 455 total project awards (0.35%) across the 3 federal agencies since 1985. Nearly a tenth of all projects funded at NIH since 1985 related to education (256 584 [9.62%]) compared with only 3373 projects (0.13%) that related to criminal legal or criminal justice or correctional system and 18 projects (0.0007%) that related to incarcerated parents. Only 1857 (0.07%) of all NIH-funded projects have been funded related to racism since 1985.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found that a very low number of projects about incarceration have historically been funded at the NIH, DOJ, and NSF. These findings reflect a dearth of federally funded studies investigating the effects of mass incarceration or intervention strategies to mitigate adverse effects. Given the consequences of the criminal legal system, it is undoubtedly time for researchers, and our nation, to invest more resources into studying whether this system should be maintained, the intergenerational effects of mass incarceration, and strategies to best mitigate its impact on public health.
Effect of an Intranasal Corticosteroid on Quality of Life and Local Microbiome in Young Children With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Latek Marta , Łacwik Piotr , Molińska Katarzyna , Błauż Andrzej , Lach Jakub , Rychlik Błażej , Strapagiel Dominik , Majak Joanna , Molińska Joanna , Czech Dorota , Seweryn Michał , Kuna Piotr , Pałczyński Cezary , Majak Paweł
Published: February 2023

Importance

Intranasal corticosteroids (INCs) remain the first-line treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in both adults and children, despite the lack of evidence regarding their efficacy in the pediatric population. Similarly, their effect on the sinonasal microbiome has not been well documented.

Objective

To assess the clinical, immunological, and microbiological effects of 12 weeks of an INC in young children with CRS.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This open-label randomized clinical trial was performed in a pediatric allergy outpatient clinic in 2017 and 2018. Children aged 4 to 8 years with CRS diagnosed by a specialist were included. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to June 2022.

Interventions

Patients were randomized to receive intranasal mometasone in an atomizer for 12 weeks (1 application per nostril, once per day) and supplemental 3-mL sodium chloride (NaCl), 0.9%, solution in a nasal nebulizer once a day for 12 weeks (INC group) or 3-mL NaCl, 0.9%, solution in a nasal nebulizer once a day for 12 weeks (control group).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Measures taken both before and after treatment included the Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey (SN-5), a nasopharynx swab for microbiome analysis by next-generation sequencing methods, and nasal mucosa sampling for occurrence of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs).

Results

Of the 66 children enrolled, 63 completed the study. The mean (SD) age of the cohort was 6.1 (1.3) years; 38 participants (60.3%) were male and 25 (39.7%) were female. The clinical improvement reflected by reduction in SN-5 score was significantly higher in the INC group compared with the control group (INC group score before and after treatment, 3.6 and 3.1, respectively; control group score before and after treatment, 3.4 and 3.8, respectively; mean between-group difference, −0.58; 95% CI, −1.31 to −0.19; P = .009). The INC group had a greater increase in nasopharyngeal microbiome richness and larger decrease in nasal ILC3 abundance compared with the control group. A significant interaction was observed between change in microbiome richness and the INC intervention on the prediction of significant clinical improvement (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.19; P = .03).

Conclusions and Relevance

This randomized clinical trial demonstrated that treatment with an INC improved the quality of life of children with CRS and had a significant effect on increasing sinonasal biodiversity. Although further investigation is needed of the long-term efficacy and safety of INCs, these data may reinforce the recommendation of using INCs as a first-line treatment of CRS in children.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03011632
Design and development of in‐the‐loop test and evaluation platform for space allocation at shipping container terminal
Authors: Du Xueqiang , Liang Chengji , Zhao Ning , Xuan Beng
Published: February 2023

As a vital component in the shipping industry, coastal container terminals must be developed in a sustainable manner. The container receiving process is a crucial aspect of container loading and transportation and is the cornerstone of container terminal operations. This process is characterized by its discrete random events. To model this process, the testbed was designed and developed using a Hierarchical Generalized Stochastic Petri Net (HGSPN) workflow engine to drive the data and simulate the container receiving process through the interplay of resources and changes. Random indexing was utilized to mimic the discrete randomness of the operations. The performance of the container receiving process was validated and evaluated through the construction of an operational energy and efficiency‐focused container receiving evaluation model. Results showed that the intelligent container receiving system, tested on the in‐loop platform, can effectively evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of container receiving, leading to continuous improvement of the system and demonstrating its significant practical value.
Fluidic Hardware Strategies for Powering Combined Negative‐ and Positive‐Pressure Artificial Muscles
Authors: Coutinho Altair , Rodrigue Hugo
Published: February 2023

The performance of pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) depends in large part on the fluidic hardware used to add and remove air from their volume. A complete fluidic system usually contains tubing, pneumatic regulators, pneumatic valves, and pneumatic pumps. However, for most PAMs, the performance of the actuator depends on how fast air can be taken into and out of the chamber as the presence of a single chamber entails relatively simple fluidic strategies. In the previous work, a type of PAM called hyperbaric vacuum artificial muscles (Hyper‐VAM) which utilizes a negative‐pressure inner chamber placed inside a positive‐pressure outer chamber has been introduced. Herein, advanced fluidic strategies for this actuator by making use of the pressure equilibrium between these two chambers as the building block for advanced fluidic strategies are investigated. It is shown that it is possible to operate the Hyper‐VAM in sub‐ and hyper‐atmospheric conditions during closed‐loop actuation and to use the atmosphere as a natural pump starting from a sub‐ or hyper‐atmospheric equilibrium. Herein, these strategies are demonstrated and compared to basic fluidic strategies and fluidic systems capable of implementing cyclic actuation are demonstrated using these strategies.
Self‐Mineralizing Dnazyme Hydrogel as a Multifaceted Bone Microenvironment Amendment for Promoting Osteogenesis in Osteoporosis
Authors: Wu Haiping , Huang Shun , Zhu Ying , Li Jia , Pang Xiaoxiao , Tang Yongyao , Li Siqiao , Ji Ping , Ding Shijia , Cheng Wei , Li Wenyang
Published: February 2023

The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and minimal osteogenic raw material in the osteoporotic bone microenvironment greatly inhibits the activity of osteoblasts. Herein, it is originally proposed to construct a biomatrix multifaceted bone microenvironment amendment ‐Mineralized zippered G4‐Hemin DNAzyme hydrogel (MDH)‐to improve osteoporotic osteogenic capacity and promote high‐quality bone defect repair. The programmed design of the rolling circle amplified DNA hydrogel synthesis system allows the introduction of massive amounts of zippered G4‐Hemin DNAzyme in MDH. The zippered G4‐Hemin DNAzyme highly mimics the tight catalytic configuration of horseradish peroxidase and exerts excellent enzyme‐like activity with considerable ROS molecule scavenging ability. In addition, the DNA amplification by‐product pyrophosphate is ingeniously employed as a sufficient phosphorus source, thus constituting an autonomous mineralization system for waste reuse through the introduction of pyrophosphate hydrolase and calcium ions, which deposits in MDH as an osteogenic raw material and addresses the challenge of DNA hydrogel bio‐application stability. The remarkable in vitro and in vivo outcomes demonstrate that MDH can effectively improve the oxidative stress status of osteoblasts, restore the balance of mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduce apoptosis, ultimately demonstrating superior osteogenic capacity.
Photoexcited Ultraviolet‐to‐Infrared (II) Pyroelectricity in a 2D Ferroelectric Perovskite Driving Broadband Self‐Powered Photoactivities
Authors: Tang Liwei , Weng Wen , Chen Huaixi , Hua Lina , Guo Wuqian , Liu Yi , Ma Yu , Chen Yaoyao , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua
Published: February 2023

Photoexcited pyroelectricity in ferroelectrics allows the direct conversion of light radiation into electric signal without external power source, thus paving an avenue to promote optoelectronic device performances. However, it is urgently demanded to exploit new ferroelectrics with this attribute covering ultraviolet (UV)‐to‐infrared (IR) region for self‐powered photodetection. Herein, broadband light‐induced pyroelectric effects in a new 2D perovskite‐type ferroelectric, (BBA)2(EA)2Pb3Br10 (1; BBA = p‐bromobenzylammonium, EA = ethylammonium), showing a high Curie temperature of 425 K and notable pyroelectric coefficient (≈5.4 × 10−3 µC cm−2 K−1) is presented. Especially, photo‐induced change of its electric polarization leads to ultraviolet‐to‐infrared pyroelectricity in a wide spectral region (377–1950 nm). Broadband photoactivities actualized by this property break the limitation of its optical bandgap. Thus, single‐crystal detectors of 1 are sensitive to UV‐to‐IR light with a small temperature fluctuation of 0.3 K, exhibiting a high transient responsivity up to ≈0.28 mA W−1 and specific detectivity of 1.31 × 1010 Jones under zero bias (at 405 nm); such figure‐of‐merits are beyond than those self‐powered photodetectors using oxide ferroelectrics. It is anticipated that the findings of light‐induced pyroelectricity afford a feasible strategy to assemble newly‐conceptual smart photoelectric devices, such as self‐powered broadband detectors.
Sub‐2‐nm Channels within Covalent Triazine Framework Enable Fast Proton‐Selective Transport in Flow Battery Membrane
Authors: Xu Weiyi , Wang Yixing , Wu Yulin , Xu Fang , Dai Liheng , Qu Kai , Wang Jiaqi , Wu Jun , Lei Linfeng , Li Siyao , Xu Zhi
Published: February 2023

Ion conductive membranes (ICMs) with robust sub‐2‐nm channels show high proton transport rate in flow battery, but it remains a great challenge to precisely control the ion sieving of the membranes. Herein, as a promising proton‐selective carrier, sulfonated piperazine covalent triazine framework (s‐pCTF) with the channel size of ≈1.5 nm and abundant fast proton hopping sites is introduced into sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) to fabricate advanced ICM for vanadium flow battery (VFB) application. The interior protoplasmic channels of s‐pCTF demonstrate significant Donnan exclusion effect, resulting in a high proton/vanadium ion selectivity in theory (6.22 × 105). Meanwhile, the nitrogen‐rich sub‐2‐nm channels yield fast proton highway, and exterior‐grafted sulfonic acid groups further facilitate the proton transfer. By regulating the ion sieving and proton conductivity, the optimal hybrid membrane exhibits synchronously improved battery performance with an enhanced energy efficiency (92.41% to 78.53% at 40–200 mA cm−2) and long‐term stability for 900 cycles over 400 h (EE: 87.2–85% at 120 mA cm−2), outperforming pure SPEEK and Nafion212 membranes. This study validates the applicability of organic porous CTF with sub‐2‐nm channels and desired functionality in ICMs for high‐performance VFB application.
Ionic Liquid “Water Pocket” for Stable and Environment‐Adaptable Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Yu Le , Huang Jing , Wang Sijun , Qi Luhe , Wang Shanshan , Chen Chaoji
Published: February 2023

The strong reactivity of water in aqueous electrolytes toward metallic zinc (Zn), especially at aggressive operating conditions, remains the fundamental obstacle to the commercialization of aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs). Here, a water‐immiscible ionic liquid diluent 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (EmimFSI) is reported that can substantially suppress the water activity of aqueous electrolyte by serving as a “water pocket”, enveloping the highly active H2O‐dominated Zn2+ solvates and protecting them from parasitic reactions. During Zn deposition, the cation Emim+ and anion FSI− function respectively in mitigating the tip effect and regulating the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), thereby favoring a smooth Zn deposition layer protected by inorganic species‐enriched SEI featuring high uniformity and stability. Combined with the boosted chemical/electrochemical stability endowed by the intrinsic merits of ionic liquid, this ionic liquid‐incorporated aqueous electrolyte (IL‐AE) enables the stable operation of Zn||Zn0.25V2O5·nH2O cells even at a challenging temperature of 60 °C (>85% capacity retention over 400 cycles). Finally, as an incidental but practically valuable benefit, the near‐zero vapor pressure nature of ionic liquid allows the efficient separation and recovery of high‐value components from the spent electrolyte via a mild and green approach, promising the sustainable future of IL‐AE in realizing practical AZMBs.
Environmentally Stable, Robust, Adhesive, and Conductive Supramolecular Deep Eutectic Gels as Ultrasensitive Flexible Temperature Sensor
Authors: Yao Puqing , Bao Qiwen , Yao Yuan , Xiao Meng , Xu Ziyang , Yang Jianhai , Liu Wenguang
Published: February 2023

It is essential and of great significance to impart high mechanical performance, environmental stability, and high sensitivity to emerging flexible temperature sensors. In this work, polymerizable deep eutectic solvents are designed and prepared by simply mixing N‐cyanomethyl acrylamide (NCMA) containing an amide group and a cyano group in the same side chain with lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LiTFSI), and obtain supramolecular deep eutectic polyNCMA/LiTFSI gels after polymerization. These supramolecular gels exhibit excellent mechanical performance (tensile strength of 12.9 MPa and fracture energy of 45.3 kJ m−2), strong adhesion force, high‐temperature responsiveness, self‐healing ability, and shape memory behavior due to the reversible reconstruction ability of amide hydrogen bonds and cyano‐cyano dipole‐dipole interactions in the gel network. In addition, the gels also demonstrate good environmental stability and 3D printability. To verify its application potential as a flexible temperature sensor, the polyNCMA/LiTFSI gel‐based wireless temperature monitor is developed and displays outstanding thermal sensitivity (8.4%/K) over a wide detection range. The preliminary result also suggests the promising potential of PNCMA gel as a pressure sensor.
Responsive Liquid‐Crystal Microlaser Arrays with Tactile Perception
Authors: Zhou Wu , Zhang Chunhuan , Ren Ang , Dong Haiyun , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: February 2023

Flexible photonics has the potential to develop artificial skins with superior sensing capabilities. As an essential skin function, the tactile simulation is, however, still challenging due to the difficulty in combining high pressure sensitivity and resolution in sensor networks. Here, this work designs flexible artificial photonic skins for the vivid tactile perception based on responsive cholesteric liquid‐crystal (CLC) vertical‐cavity microlaser arrays. Controllable liquid‐crystal molecule arrangement is explored to synthesize the elastic CLC vertical microcavity lasers, which support a strong correlation between the laser output signals and the external pressures. Large‐scale integration of the CLC microlaser‐based mechanical sensors enables the spatially resolved detection of pressures. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration of vivid tactile simulation, the flexible photonic chip consisting of a CLC microlaser array is used to identify the contact objects. These results present a significant advance in the construction of high‐performance flexible optical sensor networks, thus providing valuable guidance for the design of novel photonic skins.