bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contributo para a geodesia das culturas da infância: brincadeiras na latitude 0° e 41°
Authors: Barra Marlene , Pinto Manuela Sampaio
Published: August 2020

Uma exposição fotográfica sobre as brincadeiras das crianças de São Tomé e Príncipe (latitude 0°) e as brincadeiras das crianças de Portugal (latitude 41°) são o mote para refletir sobre a promoção universal Direito a BRINCAR e a plena participação cultural das crianças nas suas sociedades, expressos nos nº 1 e 2 do artigo 31º da Convenção dos Direitos da Criança de 1989, respetivamente. Na análise das brincadeiras dessas crianças, é possível o (re) conhecimento dos lugares a partir dos quais as crianças vêm o mundo e atribuem significado ao que as rodeia. Ou seja, o mapeamento dos tempos, lugares e das formas como se cruzam o mundo adulto e o mundo infantil ou como são constituídas as culturas da infância. Aqui se sugere que proclamar, respeitar e promover o direito universal da criança a brincar só terá sentido se todos os esforços para a concretização desse direito se basearem na ideia de localização das brincadeiras das crianças.
SOBRE ONTOLOGÍA JURÍDICA E INTERPRETACIÓN DEL DERECHO
Authors: Hernández Marín Rafael
Published: August 2020

En ontología jurídica, sostengo que el Derecho está formado por enunciados. Estos enunciados, los enunciados jurídicos, son los elementos que integran el Derecho y son previos a la actividad interpretativa. La actividad interpretativa que versa sobre dichos enunciados, la interpretación del Derecho, se concreta en enunciados, denominados «enunciados interpretativos». Los enunciados interpretativos se diferencian de los enunciados jurídicos no sólo en el hecho de que los primeros no son enunciados jurídicos (la interpretación no crea los elementos del Derecho), sino también en cuanto que los enunciados interpretativos son enunciados asertivos, verdaderos o falsos, mientras que los enunciados jurídicos no lo son en la mayoría de los casos, y porque los enunciados interpretativos son metalingüísticos respecto a los enunciados jurídicos.
The Influence of Perceived Internal Marketing on Employees’ Organizational Behaviors
Authors: Kong Haiyan , Bu Naipeng , Yuan Yue , Wang Kangping , Kong Liyuan , Wang Jin
Published: August 2020

This study seeks to examine the influence of perceived internal marketing on organizational commitment and job performance. Based on extensive literature review, theoretical framework was proposed, with internal marketing as determinant, organizational commitment the mediator, and job performance the outcome. Targeting Generation-Y employees, a total of 568 valid questionnaires were collected nationwide through online and offline survey. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data with AMOS software. The findings indicate that perceived internal marketing, contributed positively to organizational commitment and job performance. Apart from the direct effect on job performance, organizational commitment also mediated the relationship between perceived internal marketing and job performance. This study also examined the four dimensions of internal marketing and effects. This paper concludes with the discussion of theoretical and practical implications, as well as limitation and suggestions for future study.
The Mediation Effect of Customer Satisfaction on the Relationship Between Service Quality and Customer Loyalty
Authors: Nyan Louisa M. , Rockson Samuel B. , Addo Paul K.
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study was to investigate customer satisfaction’s mediation role in the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty within Ghana’s telecommunication sector. The report followed an approach to quantitative analysis and questionnaires to collect data from 105 respondents. The statistical analysis was performed using descriptive methods and inferential statistical techniques in IBM SPSS. The mediation analysis was made using Hayes' PROCESS macro model 4. Results of the analysis showed that quality of service is a substantially positive indicator of customer loyalty. It was also evident that Service Quality had a significant and positive influence on customer satisfaction. The direction between the mediator (Customer Satisfaction) and Customer Loyalty was positive but not significant. Again, it became evident that customer satisfaction partially balances the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty. It was evident that telecommunications companies' service quality cannot be the only predictor of customer loyalty, but customer satisfaction should be considered. The study recommends that telecommunications companies in Ghana should lose the script or the strict customer interaction code, review and analyze customer interactions, make multifunctional supports available and reconnect with disgruntled customers.
Prognostic significance of annexin II , human epididymis protein (HE-4) and claudin in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Elaidy Noha F. , Mohammed Hanan Lotfy , Salah Mona , Mohamed Abd el motaleb
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors of the female reproductive system worldwide. Annexins are membrane binding proteins with important role in tumor development and progression. Human Epididymis Protein (HE-4) is a novel marker for gynecolgical tumors. Claudins are proteins of tight junction category playing an important role in cell adhesion and tumor spread.Material and methods: Seventy blocks of paraffin-embedded tissues of endometrial carcinoma cases. Immunohistochemical evaluation of Annexin II , HE- 4 and Claudin-7 staining was performed. Clinical follow-up to all cases was done every three months.Results: Positive Annexin II,HE-4 expression were observed in 88.6% and 77.1% of EC respectively. Significant correlation was found between expression of both Annexin II and HE-4 and FIGO stage, decreased both overall and disease free survival rates. Positive Claudin-7 expression was observed in 40% of EC, with significant correlation with high grade only, however, no correlation with other clinical parameters or survival analysis was detected.Conclusion: Annexin II, HE-4 and Claudin-7 are prognostic factors for endometrial carcinoma and could be used in molecular targeted therapy.
Stability of the trastuzumab biosimilar ABP 980 compared to reference product after intravenous bag preparation, transport and storage at various temperatures, concentrations and stress conditions
Authors: Crampton Shon , Polozova Alla , Asbury Darin , Lueras Alexis , Breslin Paul , Hippenmeyer Jane , Litowski Jennifer , Goss Monica
Published: August 2020

Study objectives: To investigate the quality and in-use stability of diluted ABP 980 (a trastuzumab biosimilar) versus reference trastuzumab to mimic dosing in intravenous (IV) bags, transportation and extended storage prior to infusion. Methods: Low dose (70 mg; 0.3 mg/mL) and high dose (1,200 mg; 3.8 mg/mL) ABP 980 and reference trastuzumab solutions were prepared, light-protected and subjected to transportation simulation and storage (2°C–8°C or 30°C for 5 weeks, followed by 48 hours at 30°C). Stability was assessed pre- and post-transport; at Weeks 1, 2, 4, and 5; at Week 5 after 48 hours at 30°C; and pre- and post-infusion using an infusion pump. Results: Across doses and temperatures, there was little change in high molecular weight species and no detectable loss in purity. Following storage, visible particles (> 125 µm) were intermittently observed for both products, with increased subvisible particles detected with low doses. Extended storage at 2°C–8°C did not lead to any significant loss in the active molecule, with consistent biological potency across doses and temperatures for both products. Higher-dose dilutions maintained pH closer to the initial formulation specifications. Discussion: This study examined the impact of dilution, transport and extended storage at different temperatures on the stability of ABP 980 and reference trastuzumab. No major differences between the two products were observed. Conclusion: Across storage temperatures, multiple stability-indicating assays demonstrated no clinically meaningful impact to product quality and stability for both ABP 980 and reference trastuzumab, which provides assurance that ABP 980 retains stability and activity over extended storage periods.
Global challenges in the manufacture, regulation and international harmonization of GMP and quality standards for biopharmaceuticals
Authors: Hock Sia Chong , Kian Sia Ming , Wah Chan Lai
Published: August 2020

Biopharmaceuticals belong to a class of medicinal products whose active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is manufactured using living systems such as microbial and mammalian cells. With the patent expiry of the originator biopharmaceuticals, a surge in the production of biopharmaceuticals in the form of biosimilars is to be expected. However, biopharmaceuticals are inherently more complex than conventional chemical-based pharmaceuticals, hence requiring a more complicated manufacturing process. This paper provides a brief overview of the biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes and reveals that most biopharmaceuticals share similar processes and considerations. The complex nature of biopharmaceuticals presents various manufacturing challenges such as the inherent variation in quality and demand for extensive process and product understanding. Furthermore, downstream processing bottleneck also presents another manufacturing challenge. A brief comparison of the good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards of various regulatory authorities (RAs) and international organizations (IOs) reveals that the standards are largely similar and appropriate in addressing the manufacturing challenges. This review is one of the few covering the biopharmaceutical industry and the regulatory framework of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). However, GMP alone does not address regulatory challenges such as evaluation of biosimilarity, differing outlook on interchangeability and a growing occurrence of data integrity lapses. Solutions such as the implementation of Industry 4.0, improved harmonization of regulatory efforts and creating a culture of quality within the organization may help to address the forgoing challenges.
Policy recommendations for a sustainable biosimilars market: lessons from Europe
Authors: Schneider Philip J , Reilly Michael S
Published: August 2020

Approximately 25% of all new medicines approved in recent years and in development today are biologicals. The complexity of biologicals, the investment needed to meet ever more stringent regulatory and payer requirements, combined with the needs of an ageing population, mean the cost of these medicines and the burden on governments and insurance companies is growing. However, the introduction of biosimilars has broadened treatment choices for physicians and their patients and, by increasing competition, reduced healthcare expenditures. The biosimilar market in Europe is the largest in the world, representing approximately 60% of the global biosimilar market and growing consistently year on year. As of October 2019, 54 biosimilars of 15 originator biological medicines have marketing authorization in Europe. European countries, with their large biosimilar markets and diverse healthcare systems, serve as valuable examples of different approaches to biosimilar policy. Several studies, research papers and position statements have been published on such policies. These findings, along with real-world policy and procurement examples from European countries, provide an opportunity for other countries to learn from. This paper will review the different approaches to biosimilar policy across the European continent, highlighting principles which can be applied to develop an efficient and sustainable biosimilar market.
TEOLOGIA POLÍTICA
Authors: Barros Douglas Ferreira
Published: August 2020

O artigo tem por objetivo justificar e avaliar a teologia política como disciplina de estudos e de pesquisas. Investigadores de várias áreas do saber, entre as quais as Ciências da(s) Religião(ões), têm debatido acerca da polissemia do conceito. Se observarmos publicações sobre o tema, a partir dos anos 1980, vê-se que teologia política se refere à interferência religiosa em temas de interesse público, que se trata do discurso sobre a autoridade política baseada na revelação divina, ou ainda se refere a um modo específico de compreender a influência da teologia no espaço público, entre outras abordagens. Assumiremos aqui a teologia política como disciplina de estudos que investiga e avalia o entrecruzamento, o inter-relacionamento e a influência mútuos da religião, da teologia e da política e suas consequências no espaço público. A metodologia adotada é a da interpretação textual de autores de áreas distintas: filosofia, teologia, ciências religião, religious studies, ciência política, história, entre outras. Para o fim aqui estabelecido, não temos a intenção de estabelecer juízo acerca de métodos específicos de que se valem os estudos nessas áreas. Debatemos a teologia política a partir de diferentes posições teórico-metodológicas analisando suas distintas concepções. Partiremos da hipótese de que a compreensão segundo uma divisão por gêneros e a posterior explicitação das filiações teóricas e repercussões no espaço público põem em destaque a teologia política como um campo de investigação indispensável para as áreas da(s) Ciência(s) da(s) religião(ões) e das humanidades na contemporaneidade.
TEOLOGIA E POLÍTICA
Authors: Zwetsch Roberto Ervino , Trein Hans Alfred
Published: August 2020

É sabido que no Brasil historicamente encontramos entre candidatos a cargos eletivos a menção recorrente do nome de Deus no seu currículo de vida. A finalidade parece evidente: promover sua ilibada dignidade moral e religiosa entre possíveis eleitores. Existem muitos estudos sociológicos sobre a relação entre religião e prática política no Brasil. O presente texto segue esta linha de investigação, mas com uma nova abordagem desde a perspectiva da teologia prática. Uma pressuposição evidente em nosso texto é que, nas últimas eleições gerais que tivemos no Brasil em 2018, se pode verificar amplamente o uso e abuso explícito do nome de Deus por muitos candidatos, boa parte deles eleitos. Tais candidatos assumiram que eles tinham uma mensagem exclusiva e religiosamente fundamentada ao povo que crê em Deus. Tentamos explorar aqui este uso e abuso desde o exemplo específico do presidente eleito, capitão reformado do Exército Brasileiro Jair M. Bolsonaro.
A LIBERTAÇÃO DOS EGÍPCIOS (Ex 3, 22; 12, 36)
Authors: Grenzer Matthias , De Paula Patricia Carneiro
Published: August 2020

A macronarrativa sobre o êxodo nos últimos quatro livros do Pentateuco, literatura que origina todas as teologias políticas de cunho judaico-cristão, não conta apenas como os hebreus foram libertados da servidão no Egito. Ao contrário, de forma expressa e surpreendente, os textos também insistem, por duas vezes, na libertação dos egípcios, dinâmica inicialmente realizada a partir de um diálogo entre mulheres hebreias e egípcias. Em vista de uma maior clareza desse detalhe, o artigo aqui apresentado investiga parte das formulações em Ex 3, 22; 12, 36, sendo que as duas palavras hebraicas em questão – ver a raiz verbal traduzida aqui como libertar e o substantivo traduzido como egípcios – se tornam o objeto de estudo nesta pesquisa. De acordo com a metodologia comumente proposta pela exegese moderna, valorizam-se estudos linguístico-literários e histórico-teológicos pormenorizados das formulações bíblicas, sendo que todas as investigações partem da análise do texto originalmente composto em hebraico. Como resultado, será possível descobrir detalhes que, no que se refere à complexidade e à abrangência do projeto do êxodo, permitem uma compreensão mais exata e, portanto, melhor do que a narrativa bíblica, como literatura religiosa, propõe a seu ouvinte-leitor.
A TEOLOGIA PÚBLICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Zeferino Jefferson
Published: August 2020

No decorrer das últimas duas décadas, as pesquisas em torno do tema da teologia pública são recorrentes. Por meio de um mapeamento de coletâneas, teses, dissertações, artigos, entre outras pesquisas que se dedicaram à problematização de teologias públicas ou que utilizaram a nomenclatura, é possível dispor um quadro panorâmico que aponta para os principais assuntos tratados nesse horizonte. Desde uma catalogação em grupos temáticos, a presente pesquisa demonstra assuntos, modos e contextos da utilização do termo. Compreende-se, portanto, que a nomenclatura teologia pública está atrelada às seguintes dinâmicas: 1. Na relação entre religião/teologia e espaço público; 2. Como dimensão pública da fé; 3. Como campo de pesquisa; 4. No debate sobre a teologia na universidade; 5. Na discussão sobre um discurso público da teologia.
Detection of Entamoeba histolytica Coproantigen Among Children with Dysentery in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran
Authors: Shamsizadeh Ahmad , Nikfar Roya , Rahdar Mahmoud
Published: August 2020

: Entamoeba histolytica is one of the important parasitic diseases in many parts of the world, especially the tropical and subtropical regions. The parasite is transmitted through contaminated water and vegetables. The exact diagnosis of infection with the parasite is crucial in many medical laboratories since there are many false positive and negative results in their reports. Therefore, the current study aimed at evaluating and comparing microscopic and coproantigen ELISA (the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) results to reach an appropriate test for the correct diagnosis of amoebiasis in children. One hundred stool samples were collected from children under 15 years old with dysenteric diarrhea from April to September 2018. Microscopic tests and coproantigen ELISA were performed on all the samples. The results showed that 5% of the samples had E. histolytica/E. dispar cysts. The findings of ELISA to detect coproantigen did not show any specific E. histolytica antigen in the samples. Hence, all the patients received chemotherapy for shigellosis. E. histolytica infection is not the main causative agent for dysenteric diarrhea in children in the studied area, and laboratory experts should be trained to prevent false-positive reports.
Presiones plantares, en estática bipodal, en niños/adolescentes con síndrome de Down
Authors: Meléndez C. , Villarroya M.A. , Moros T. , Maza V. , Casajús J.A.
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Determinar las presiones plantares en estática bipodal y la alineación de retropié y rodilla, en niños/adolescentes con Síndrome de Down (SD), comparando los datos con los de un grupo control (GC). Diseño. 32 sujetos con SD y 33 control. Se valoró la superficie plantar, presión media y máxima y su distribución porcentual en 9 zonas de la superficie plantar (plataforma”Footchecker”) en estática bipodal. Asimismo, se valoró la alineación del retropié en el plano frontal y la de la rodilla en los planos frontal y sagital. Resultados. En el grupo SD: superficie plantar mayor (p<0.0001); presión media menor (p<0.01); picos de presión menores en el retropié (zona interna p<0.0001) y mayores en parte interna del mediopié y del antepié (p<0.0001); participación menor del retropié, principalmente en parte interna (GC:23.09%; SD:15.87%; p<0.0001), y mayor de la parte interna del mediopié (GC:4%; SD10%; p<0.0001) y del antepié (GC:12%; SD:17%; p<0.0001). Conclusiones. El grupo SD presentó mayor desviación en valgo de talón y rodilla, tendencia al recurvatum de rodilla y aumento de la superficie de apoyo plantar, relacionado con el pie plano que suelen presentar estos sujetos. Además, presentó tendencia a menores presiones medias y modificación de la distribución porcentual de la carga, con menor participación del retropié y mayor de las zonas internas del mediopié y antepié; es decir, hubo un desplazamiento de la carga hacia la zona ántero-interna.

Objective. To determine the plantar pressures in standing and the hindfoot and knee alignment, in children/adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Material and Methods. The sample comprised two groups of 32 children / adolescents, one with DS and other without pathology (CG). We analyzed in standing she support surface, average and peak plantar pressures and their distribution (by means of a Footchecker platform), hindfoot alignment in the frontal plane and knee alignment in the frontal and sagital planes.Comparison between both groups was carried out. Results. The DS group showed: higher plantar surface (p<0.0001); lower average pressure (p<0.01); lower peak pressure in the hindfoot (internal zone p<0.0001) and a higher one in the internal zone of the midfoot and forefoot (p<0.0001); lower involvement of the hindfoot, specially in the internal part (CG:23.09%, DS:15.87%, p<0.0001) and a higher one of the internal part of the midfoot (CG:4%, DS:10%, p<0.0001) and forefoot (CG: 12%, DS: 17%, p <0.0001). Conclusions. The DS group presented higher valgus deviation of the hindfoot and knee, a tendency to a knee recurvatum and higher support surface, related to the flatfoot they usually had. On the other hand, they presented a tendency to lower average pressures and a variation in the porcentage distribution of load, with a lower involvement of the hindfoot and a higher one of the internal parts of the midfoot and forefoot: that’s to say, there was a load displacement towards the anterior and internal zone.
Valoración de las repercusiones cinemáticas en la extremidad inferior del antepié varo, en niños entre 7 y 10 años
Authors: Villarroya M.A. , Franco M.A. , Alonso A. , García I. , Calvo B.
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las repercusiones cinemáticas del antepié varo (AV) en un grupo de niños de 7-10 años, tanto en estática como durante la marcha.

Población: 30 niños con AV (9.3 ± 1.7 años; 6.1º ± 2.3º de AV), 21 niños control (GC) (9.2 ± 1.6 años). Se utilizaron los modelos “Oxford Foot” y “Plug-In-Gait” para analizar la cinemática, en estática y durante la marcha, en los 2 grupos (Sistema VICON, 6 cámaras). Para comparar todas las variables entre los dos grupos, se aplicó el t-test para muestras independientes, cuando los datos eran normales, y el test de Mann Whitney cuando no lo eran.

En estática, el grupo AV presentó mayor eversión del retropié, descenso del arco longitudinal interno y una actitud en flexión de toda la extremidad inferior. Al caminar, este grupo presentó mayor eversión del retropié y aplanamiento del arco interno en todas las fases de la marcha analizadas; proximalmente, se observó mayor báscula anterior de la pelvis y flexión de las 3 grandes articulaciones de la extremidad inferior y mayor rotación externa de cadera. No existieron diferencias en la velocidad de la marcha, pero, para conseguir esta velocidad, el grupo AV necesitó mayor cadencia y una longitud y una duración de paso menor.

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the forefoot varus (FV) on the kinematics of the lower limb, in standing and during walking, in a group of children aged between 7 and 10 years. The Oxford Foot Model was used, simultaneously with a conventional lower limb model, to compare the kinematics of 10 forefoot varus children (9.3 ± 1.7 years; 6.1º ± 2.3º of FV) and 11 healthy controls (9.2 ± 1.6 years). Data acquisition was performed using a six-camera motion capture system. The independent t- test was used to compare normal data and the Mann-Whitney test to compare non-normal data.

In standing, the FV group showed a higher hindfoot eversion, a lower height of the internal longitudinal arch and a higher flexion in the 3 main joints of the lower limb. During walking, this group presented a higher hindfoot eversion and a lower height of the internal longitudinal arch in all the studied phases; on the other hand, a higher pelvis anterior tilt, a higher flexion of the 3 main joints of the lower limb and a higher external rotation of the hip were found. There were no differences in the gait speed but, to achieve this speed, the FV group needed a higher cadence, due to a lower length and duration of the step.
Correlación entre fuerza explosiva y velocidad en jóvenes futbolistas
Authors: Frazilli E.H. , de Arruda M. , Mariano T. , Cossio Bolaños M.A.
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las relaciones entre la fuerza explosiva y la velocidad V(20m) en futbolistas cadetes y juveniles. Para el estudio fueron evaluados 18 jugadores de la categoría infantil y 18 de la categoría juvenil, siendo un total de 36 futbolistas. Se evaluó el peso corporal (kg), estatura (cm) y el % de grasa corporal. Así como también los test de squat Jump SJ(cm), CounterMovement Jump CMJ(cm) y saltos verticales contínuos en 5 segundos CJ5s(cm).

Los resultados muestran altas correlaciones entre SJ y CMJ (0,80), SJ y V(20m) ( 0,71) y CMJ y V(20m) (-0,61) en cadetes, así como en juveniles SJ y CMJ (0,89) y SJ y V(20m) (-0,62), respectivamente. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la fuerza explosiva se encuentra en estrecha relación con la velocidad (20m), tanto en jugadores de la categoría cadetes y juvenil.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the explosive power and speed V(20m) in children and youth players. For the study were evaluated 18 players in the cadet’s category and 18 in the youth category, for a total of 36 players. We assessed body weight (kg), height (cm) and% body fat, as well as the squat jump test, SJ (cm), countermovement jump CMJ (cm) and continuous vertical jumps in 5 seconds CJ5s (cm).

The results show high correlations between SJ and CMJ (0.80), SJ and V(20m) ( 0.71) and CMJ and V (20m) (-0.61) in cadet’s and youth in SJ and CMJ (0.89) and SJ and V(20m) (-0.62), respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the explosive force is closely related to the speed (20m), both players of the cadets and youth category.
Desórdenes de la locomoción, a dos velocidades de paso, en pacientes con fibromialgia
Authors: Heredia Jiménez J.M. , Soto Hermoso V.M.
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar si hay diferencias en las variables espaciotemporales de locomoción entre las pacientes afectadas con fibromialgia (FM) y un grupo de mujeres sanas, analizadas a velocidad confortable y rápida. Se evaluaron a 55 mujeres con FM y 44 sanas. El análisis de la locomoción se realizó con una plataforma de presiones (GaitRite system) y los sujetos realizaron una prueba a velocidad confortable y otra a velocidad rápida. Diferencias significativas (p<0.001) fueron encontradas entre el grupo control y el grupo FM en las variables de velocidad, longitud de paso, cadencia, fase de apoyo monopodal, fase de apoyo bipodal, fase de oscilación y fase de apoyo en las dos condiciones analizadas. No encontramos diferencias significativas entre las pacientes con FM caminando rápido y el grupo control a velocidad confortable, excepto en la cadencia. Los parámetros de locomoción en mujeres con FM están severamente afectados al compararlo con el grupo control, debido a diversos factores como la bradicinesia, la falta de actividad física, el sobrepeso, la fatiga y el dolor, que junto con una menor fuerza isométrica de las extremidades inferiores, pueden ser las responsables de estas alteraciones en la locomoción y en el descenso de la calidad de vida de estas pacientes.

The aim of the present study was to determine if there are differences in spatiotemporal parameters among patients affected by fibromyalgia (FM) and healthy subjects, assess at comfortable and quickly speed of locomotion. We studied 55 women with FM and 44 controls. Gait analysis was performed using an instrumented walkway for measurement of the kinematic parameters of gait (GAITRite system), and the subjects was assessment in two conditions, comfortable and fast gait speed. Significant differences (p<0.001) between FM and control groups were found in velocity, stride length, cadence, single support ratio, double support ratio, stance phase ratio, and swing phase ratio at both analysis conditions. There aren’t statistical differences between FM group walking at quick speed and control group walking at comfortable speed, except in cadence variable. Gait parameters of women affected by FM were severely impaired when compared to those of healthy women. Different factors such as lack of physical activity, bradikinesia, overweight, fatigue, and pain together with a lower isometric force in the legs can be responsible for the alterations in gait and poorer life quality of women with FM.
Preparación de mallas mediante electrohilado para la inhibición de la angiogénesis
Authors: García-Fernández L. , Aguilar M.R. , Migliaresi C. , San Román J.
Published: August 2020

La preparación de nanofibras por electrohilado está ganando mucho interés en la actualidad debido a su posible aplicación como sistemas de liberación controlada de fármaco. La incorporación del compuesto activo en la matriz polimérica de las fibras permite su protección frente a los procesos degradativos del organismo y su liberación controlada y localizada.

Numerosas enfermedades (psoriasis, retinopatías diabéticas, crecimiento de tumores) están relacionadas con alteraciones en la angiogénesis (formación de nuevos vasos sanguíneos a partir de otros ya formados), por tanto el desarrollo de nuevos compuestos que regulen adecuadamente los procesos angiogénicos se está estudiando como una posible vía en el tratamiento de estas enfermedades. En el presente trabajo se han preparado y caracterizado nanofibras de ácido poli(D,L-láctico) cargadas con ácido 5-amino-2-naftalensulfónico o el homopolímero del ácido 2-acrilamido-2-metilpropanosulfónico, compuestos inhibidores de la acción de algunos factores de crecimiento proangiogénicos dependientes de heparina.

La distinta naturaleza de los compuestos activos utilizados permitieron la obtención de diferentes perfiles de liberación, dependientes de la hidrofilia del compuesto activo, su peso molecular y la biodegradabilidad del ácido poli(D,L-láctico). Ambos sistemas mostraron una alta capacidad para inhibir la mitogénesis de fibroblastos inducida por aFGF.

Preparation of nanofibers by electrospinning is gaining much attention due to their potential application as drug delivery systems. The incorporation of the active compound in the polymeric matrix of the fibers prevents degradation and allows a controlled and localized delivery of the drug.

Many diseases (psoriasis, diabetic retinopathy, tumor growth) have been related to alterations in the angiogenic processes, therefore the control of angiogenesis is being investigated as a possible treatment for these diseases. In this work poly(D, L-lactic acid) nanofibers loaded with sulfonated active compounds that inhibit heparin-dependent proangiogenic growth factors (5-amino acid-2-naphthalene sulfonic acid and poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) have been prepared and characterized.

The different nature of the active compounds gave rise different release profiles that depended on the hydrophilic nature of the drug, molecular weight, and the biodegradation of poly (D, L-lactic acid). Both systems showed a high inhibition of fibroblasts aFGF- induced mitogenesis.
Comportamiento reológico de geles biodegradables para aplicacions en medicina regenerativa
Authors: Reyes Ortega F. , Rodríguez G. , Rosa Aguilar M. , García-Sanmartín J. , Martínez A. , San Román J.
Published: August 2020

Resumen Los hidrogeles (HG) poliméricos son redes macromoleculares tridimensionales constituidas por elementos básicos conectados entre sí física o químicamente e hinchados por un disolvente. Los HG poliméricos tienen múltiples aplicaciones, entre ellas su utilización en el desarrollo de materiales para regeneración de tejidos gracias a su alta biocompatibilidad y su uso frecuentemente como sistemas de liberación de fármacos debido a su capacidad para retener líquidos y compuestos bioactivos. En este trabajo se han preparado HG poliméricos formados por dos componentes altamente biocompatibles como son la gelatina y el ácido hialurónico, estabilizados con distintas concentraciones de genipina, consiguiendo diferentes grados de entrecruzamiento. Para comprobar la resistencia mecanodinámica y la estabilidad de estos hidrogeles, se realizaron ensayos termogravimétricos, estudios reológicos y estudios de hinchamiento de los mismos utilizando distintos medios tamponados. El uso de estos HG como sistema portador de fármacos se ha ensayado en un modelo experimental in vivo de ratón, utilizando el péptido N-terminal de 20 aminoácidos de la proadrenomedulina (PAMP) que posee propiedades angiogénicas, re-epitalizantes y antimicrobianas. Abstract Hydrogels (HG) are polymeric three-dimensional macromolecular networks formed by basic elements physically or chemically interconnected and swollen by a solvent. Polymeric HG have multiple applications, including their use in developing materials for tissue regeneration due to their excellent biocompatibility and their frequent use as drug delivery systems because of their ability to hold liquids and bioactive compounds. In this work, polymeric HG have been prepared with two highly biocompatible components such as gelatin and hyaluronic acid, stabilized with different concentrations of genipin, achieving different degrees of crosslinking. The mechanodynamic resistance and the stability of these hydrogels were tested with thermogravimetric assays, rheological tests and swelling measurements using various buffered media. The use of these HG as a drug carrier system has been tested in an experimental in vivo mouse model, using the 20 aminoacid N-terminal peptide of proadrenomedullin (PAMP) with angiogenic, antimicrobial and re-epithelizing properties.
Influencia de la longitud de la biela en la eficiencia y biomecánica del pedaleo submáximo
Authors: Rivero Palomo V. , Ferrer-Roca V. , Ogueta-Alday A. , Rodríguez-Marroyo J.A. , García-López J.
Published: August 2020

El principal objetivo de este estudio es analizar el efecto de pequeños cambios en la longitud de la biela en el gasto energético y la técnica de pedaleo submáximo. Participaron 12 ciclistas de fondo en carretera bien entrenados, que realizaron pruebas de pedaleo a tres potencias con cadencia estable, utilizando tres longitudes de biela (en orden aleatorio). Sus bicicletas fueron exactamente reproducidas en un ergómetro que medía el torque ejercido sobre la biela izquierda y derecha de forma independiente. Simultáneamente se registró cinemática 2D de la pierna derecha y el gasto energético al pedalear (eficiencia gruesa). Los resultados muestran que los cambios en la longitud de la biela no tuvieron efecto en la eficiencia gruesa, pero sí en las variables biomecánicas. Una biela de mayor longitud provocó una pérdida de eficiencia mecánica y un aumento en la flexión y el rango de movimiento de la cadera y la rodilla, sin cambios en el tobillo. Aunque estos cambios no fueron lo suficientemente importantes para alterar la eficiencia gruesa, sí que podrían tener implicaciones negativas a largo plazo (peor técnica de pedaleo y riesgo de lesión). En conclusión, el efecto de pequeños cambios en la longitud de la biela, que serían asumibles por ciclistas de competición, producen alteraciones en la biomecánica de pedaleo, pero no en su eficiencia gruesa. Futuros estudios deben abordar los efectos a largo plazo de estos cambios.

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of small changes in crank length on gross efficiency and pedaling technique during submaximal cycling. Twelve well-trained road cyclists participated. They pedaled at three power outputs and steady cadence with three crank lengths (in a randomized order). Their bicycles were exactly reproduced on an ergometer where crank torque of the left and right legs were independently registered. 2D kinematic of the right leg and energy cost (gross efficiency) were recorded. The results showed that changes in crank length had no effect on the gross efficiency, but had effect on the biomechanical variables. A longer crank caused a decreased in mechanical efficiency and an increase in the flexion and range of movement of the hip and the knee, without changes in the ankle. These alterations were not significant enough to alter the gross efficiency, but they could have negative long-term implications (worse pedaling technique and possible injuries). In conclusion, the small changes in crank arm length which are feasible for competitive cyclists affected cycling biomechanics, but not gross efficiency. Future studies should study long-term effects of these changes.
Wittgenstein and Husserl as the Reformers of Social Science
Authors: Sanzhenakov Alexander A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the rule-following problem and its impact on the sociology of science as K.A. Rodin presents them in his article. It is known that L. Wittgenstein in “Philosophical Studies”, using the rule of arithmetic addition as an example, formulated the rule-following problem, which has acquired the ultimate form of skepticism thanks to S. Kripke. This problem was transferred to the sociology of science by D. Bloor, where it received the following sociological explanation: rule-amenably activity can be understood only by incorporating rules into social institutions. P. Winch rejected a skeptical interpretation of this problem, and as K.A. Rodin shows in the article, most adequately showed the consequences of Wittgenstein’s ideas for sociology. In his answer, A.A. Sanzhenakov draws attention to two circumstances. Firstly, sociology was influenced not only by late but also early ideas of Wittgenstein. Secondly, the rule-following problem as an important factor in the sociological turn can also be found in the phenomenology of E. Husserl. The author concludes about the need for additional research, which will draw a line between the influence of Wittgenstein and Husserl on sociology.
Ludwig Wittgenstein and Performative Turn
Authors: Moiseeva Anna Yu. , Zaykova Alina S. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2020

This article is a response to the thesis of K.A. Rodin about the exclusively conceptual influence of Wittgenstein and the problem of following the rule on social research. The authors argue that along with the methodological line traced by K.A. Rodin, one should single out a purely scientific line of influence of Wittgenstein's ideas, the result of which was the so-called performative turn in social sciences.
The Modal Square of Opposition and the Mental Models Theory
Authors: Lopez-Astorga Miguel ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2020

The mental models theory is a current approach trying to account for human thought and hence communication by highlighting the action of semantics and ignoring, to a large extent, syntax. However, it has been argued that the theory actually contains an underlying syntax related to any kind of modal logic. This paper delves into this last idea and is intended to show that the concepts of possibility and necessity as understood in it fulfill the basic requirement that, according to Fitting and Mendelsohn, every modal logic has to meet: to satisfy the relationships provided by the Aristotelian modal square of opposition.
Petroleum Genesis as a Problem of Transdisciplinary Research
Authors: Gerasimova Irina A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2020

The problem of petroleum genesis is fundamental for natural science. Scientific discussion on the problem of petroleum genesis originated with the science of theModern time and continues to this day. Physicists, chemists, biologists, geologists, geophysicists and cosmologists take part in the discussion. The problem attracts the attention of philosophers on science in many aspects. The author believes that it is necessary to conduct research of a transdisciplinary type that combines natural science and philosophical knowledge. Transdisciplinary research allows conceptually combine different scales of vision, different languages and standards of justification for specific sciences. The prerequisite for a transdisciplinary approach on the part of natural scientists can be the synergetic setting of theoretical constructions. V.I. Vernadsky’s concept of biosphere and noosphere, which is included in the scientific picture of the world, can serve as philosophical and conceptual basis. Transdisciplinary discussion on the petroleum genesis involve the analysis of philosophical, socio-psychological and concrete scientific aspects. The author carries out the logical and methodological analysis of the hypothesis of D.I. Mendeleev. The author comes to the conclusion that the philosophical type of argumentation prevails. The basis for a new dialogue should be the subject- subject-object relationship. The principles of the philosophy of complexity can be used when discussing the problems of geoecology and specific environmental research areas.
The Hermeneutic Circle of Data Visualization
Authors: Rodighiero Dario , Romele Alberto ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2020

In this article, we show how postphenomenology can be used to analyze the Affinity Map: a data visualization that reveals the hidden dynamics that exist between individuals within large organizations. We make use of the Affinity Map to expand the classic postphenomenology that privileges a ‘linear’ understanding of technological mediations and introduce the notions of ‘iterativity’ and ‘collectivity.’ In the first section of the paper, we discuss both classic and more recent descriptions of human-technology-world relations in order to transcendentally approach the discipline of data visualization. In the second section, we use the Affinity Map case study to consider three elements: 1) the collection of data and the design process; 2) the visual grammar of the data visualization, and 3) the process of self-recognition for the map ‘reader.’ In the third section, we introduce the hermeneutic circle of data visualization. Finally, we suggest that the Affinity Map, because of its ethical and political multistability, might be seen as a material encounter between postphenomenology, actor-network theory (ANT), and hermeneutics.
Une naissance excentrique. L’influence de Sterne sur Töpffer, Cham et Doré
Authors: Smolderen Thierry
Published: August 2020

Si l’on remonte aux sources graphiques de ce que Hoberman a appelé le modernisme vulgaire, l’influence duTristram Shandyde Sterne sur les premiers albums de Cham et Gustave Doré apparaît déterminante à l’âge romantique. Durant les années 1840 et 1850, en effet, ces deux auteurs ont pris le relais des histoires en images de Töpffer en y introduisant des facéties réflexives typiquement sterniennes.

Tout en identifiant les facteurs qui ont contribué à inscrire durablement cet esprit de réflexivité ludique dans la tradition de dessin humoristique (jusqu’auxcomicsdu 20e siècle), nous essayerons de comprendre pourquoi l’on ne trouve aucune traceapparentede ce genre de jeux dans les histoires de « l’inventeur de la bande dessinée », alors que Töpffer lui-même était un grand lecteur de Sterne.
Généalogie d’une poétique hypermédiale à l’ère des industries culturelles. Le cas de la transposition du récit des origines de Spider-Man
Authors: Lorenz Désirée
Published: August 2020

Cet article interroge le discours normatif porté par leblockbusterde super-héros sur lecomicsde super-héros. Pour ce faire, nous avons considéré les différentes opérations de transmédiation comme des modalités de réflexivité critique. Afin de mieux faire apparaître la détermination idéologique du procès de transposition, nous avons privilégié une approche diachronique mettant en exergue les variations socio-historiques des poétiques transmédiales. Nous nous sommes penchée sur le cas d’un des personnages centraux Marvel, Spider-Man, et plus précisément sur la transmédiation du premier épisode de la série à partir des premières traductions françaises censurées jusqu’à l’adaptation cinématographique de Sam Raimi en 2005. L’évolution des transpositions médiatiques ducomicsde super-héros montre à la fois un déplacement axiologique majeur dans l’évaluation normative de la figure du super-héros et une stagnation dans la reconnaissance ducomicsen tant que forme médiatique, culturelle et artistique.
A novel function of R-spondin1 in regulating estrogen receptor expression independent of Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Geng Ajun , Wu Ting , Cai Cheguo , Song Wenqian , Wang Jiqiu , Yu Qing Cissy , Zeng Yi Arial
Published: August 2020

R-spondin1 (Rspo1) has been featured as a Wnt agonist, serving as a potent niche factor for stem cells in many tissues. Here we unveil a novel role of Rspo1 in promoting estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1) expression, hence regulating the output of steroid hormone signaling in the mouse mammary gland. This action of Rspo1 relies on the receptor Lgr4 and intracellular cAMP-PKA signaling, yet is independent of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These mechanisms were reinforced by genetic evidence. Luminal cells-specific knockout of Rspo1 results in decreased Esr1 expression and reduced mammary side branches. In contrast, luminal cells-specific knockout of Wnt4, while attenuating basal cell Wnt/β-catenin signaling activities, enhances Esr1 expression. Our data reveal a novel Wnt-independent role of Rspo1, in which Rspo1 acts as a bona fide GPCR activator eliciting intracellular cAMP signaling. The identification of Rspo1-ERα signaling axis may have a broad implication in estrogen-associated diseases.
Heterogeneous somatostatin-expressing neuron population in mouse ventral tegmental area
Authors: Nagaeva Elina , Zubarev Ivan , Bengtsson Gonzales Carolina , Forss Mikko , Nikouei Kasra , de Miguel Elena , Elsilä Lauri , Linden Anni-Maija , Hjerling-Leffler Jens , Augustine George J , Korpi Esa R
Published: August 2020

The cellular architecture of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the main hub of the brain reward system, remains only partially characterized. To extend the characterization to inhibitory neurons, we have identified three distinct subtypes of somatostatin (Sst)-expressing neurons in the mouse VTA. These neurons differ in their electrophysiological and morphological properties, anatomical localization, as well as mRNA expression profiles. Importantly, similar to cortical Sst-containing interneurons, most VTA Sst neurons express GABAergic inhibitory markers, but some of them also express glutamatergic excitatory markers and a subpopulation even express dopaminergic markers. Furthermore, only some of the proposed marker genes for cortical Sst neurons were expressed in the VTA Sst neurons. Physiologically, one of the VTA Sst neuron subtypes locally inhibited neighboring dopamine neurons. Overall, our results demonstrate the remarkable complexity and heterogeneity of VTA Sst neurons and suggest that these cells are multifunctional players in the midbrain reward circuitry.
The diversity of decay
Authors: Sayer Emma J , Schäfer Ralf
Published: August 2020

To predict how species loss will affect ecosystems, it is important to consider how biodiversity influences processes such as decomposition.
Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction in a Patient With Left Bundle Branch Block and Negative Sgarbossa Criteria
Authors: Beaty Bryan , Park David
Published: August 2020

Left bundle branch block complicates electrocardiogram interpretation of acute myocardial infarction (MI) because ST segment elevations, commonly used as evidence of MIs, are largely hidden by the repolarization vector. To better diagnose acute MI in cases of left bundle branch block, modified Sgarbossa criteria can be used as a clinical tool to help diagnose or exclude MI with high specificity and sensitivity. However, while clinical tools are often helpful, a clinician cannot solely rely on clinical decision-making algorithms. We describe the case of an 84-year-old man experiencing acute cardiopulmonary symptoms who was negative for modified Sgarbossa criteria, but later had a confirmed diagnosis of MI on transfer to a cardiac center. This case illustrates the necessity of good clinical judgment and a high index of suspicion for atypical presentation alongside any diagnostic algorithm.