bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stanley Cavell and the Questioning of the Foregone
Authors: Frank Jeff
Published: March 2018

This paper makes the case that Stanley Cavell’s thinking on conversion, eveloped in “Normal and Natural” in The Claim of Reason, offers resources that can be used to develop a politics that acknowledges the importance of learning from the voice of skepticism instead of seeking to silence the skeptic through the pursuit of policies and practices that promise a type of certainty that will forever silence skepticism. I develop this case from my position as a teacher educator who knows very well the desire to silence skepticism in the form of finding a way of teaching future teachers so that I/we can be certain that they will be effective and engaging educators after graduation. Giving up the belief that we can achieve certainty when it comes to teacher preparation does not consign us to hopelessness, but it does suggest that teacher educators may have more to learn from listening to the voice of skepticism than is suggested by current discourses in teacher education. Though I write from the position of a teacher educator and my examples are drawn from the work of teacher education, the main goal of this paper is to develop a reading of “Normal and Natural” that may help us appreciate new dimensions of the political implications of Cavell’s work.
Friend as Enemy
Authors: Dinić Rastislav
Published: March 2018

Richard Rorty famously claimed that the difference between analytic and continental philosophers, boils down to a political one—analytical philosophers are predominantly liberals who share a belief in the rule of law and the institutions of modern constitutional democracy, while the continental ones tend to be more pessimistic about this political arrangement, and much more prone to experiment with the alternatives. But where does this leave the members of that rare breed—philosophers who see themselves as working in both traditions? In order to answer that question for himself, Rorty has written several books proclaiming his faith in liberalism and America as its most prominent example. But what about Stanley Cavell—a philosopher inspired equally by Ludwig Wittgenstein, J.L. Austen, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Friedrich Nietzsche and Martin Heidegger? It is difficult to answer this question straightforwardly, since, although many of his writings are in some sense deeply political, Cavell rarely wrote explicitly on politics, especially in respect of modern ideological struggles. One way someone interested in this question could go about trying to answer it is by turning to Cavell’s encounters with more explicit representatives of certain ideological positions. That is exactly what I intend to do in this paper—by turning to Cavell’s engagement with Yugoslav director Dušan Makavejev.
The Malick Viewed
Authors: Geranfar Babak
Published: March 2018

The question of the relation between Film and philosophy has been at the center of many intellectual debates since the foundation of cinema. It has been paraphrased and articulated in many disciplines such as Philosophy of Film, Film-Philosophy, Philosophy of Motion Pictures, Philosophy of Moving Images, even Film Theory. Nevertheless, as much as the technical aspects of the movies developed rapidly, the philosophical questions around it became more and more specific and the answers became more fallible by the end of the day. If you could agree before with some of the ontological conclusions of Bazin, Deleuze, Badiou or Cavell about celluloid-based Film, you certainly cannot share that agreement to generalize that to the kind of digital imagery that we call ‘Film’ today, nor can you justify the Hologram or 3D IMAX footage as constituents of a motion picture. The irony is that the old question, ‘what is Film?’, is as often and as rapidly revised as the question, “what is philosophy?”.
Hamlet 3
Authors: Rhu Lawrence
Published: March 2018

On 42nd Street, beyond the bright marquee, alight with Hamlet 2,We find its star, Steve Coogan. He plays Dana Marschz,Who came from Canada to Tucson, my hometown, or so it seemsAt least as much as Hamlet seems a myth of originsEnabling our imaginations to conceive of selfhoodIn terms of consciousness as process, self-awarenessStruggling to proceed, man or woman thinking,The American scholar in Wittenberg or Elsinor, Concord or Tucson—Wherever that might be or we might find ourselves.
Editorial Comment
Authors: Khan Amir , Branco Sérgio Dias
Published: March 2018

The Aesthetics of Politics and the Politics of Aesthetics In and After CavellPolitics seems bound up with questions of the ordinary and everyday as opposed to the extraordinary. This may be a Cavellian way of articulating the problem of political praxis, i.e., the point at which theory becomes action, but notice, at least in Cavell-speak, which way the trajectory flows. The Wittgensteinian charge to bring language back from holiday could be construed as a search for political or real-world praxis but not at the point where theory becomes action, but where theory is, in a sense, forgone or put on hiatus for the sake of action.
Software development environments and tools in MDE
Authors: Jácome-Guerrero Santiago P. , Salazar-Jácome Elizabeth , Sánchez-Ocaña Wilson E. , Salazar-Paredes Rolando X. , Ferreira Juan M.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is the notion that we can construct a model of a system that we can then transform into the real thing. The development of software in MDE using Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) has two phases. First, the development of artifacts such as DSLs and  transformation mechanisms by the modeling experts. Second, people non-technical experts (domain expert or end user) using the artifacts created develop applications simply because of the high level of abstraction allowed by technology. Several factors are considered to limit the use of MDE. One of them,  is the lack of knowledge the tools and the development activities with MDE. To support the MDE initiative, the present work makes a description of the theoretical foundations of MDE, also describes the main activities to build several MDE artifacts with some of the tools most known in this technology.
Assessment of Content Management System Joomla y Plone for the development of dynamic web applications
Authors: Andino Valeria , Ramos Vinicio , Hidalgo Blanca
Published: March 2018

Resumen. One of the tasks of content managers is to automatically perform the technical tasks of publishing on the web, which allows to control the content management for a website. This work is a compilation of the thesis of degree of its same name developed in the ESPOCH in him a performance analysis was implemented; comparing two prototypes one developed in PLONE and another in JOOMLA. The study establishes benefits, disadvantages and similarities between them. The method used was the scientific inductive method that was applied to obtain and measure the results of the performance variables. The result obtained in the comparative study, shows that the content manager PLONE allows to obtain a yield of 99.92% of fulfillment, in comparison with JOOMLA with a percentage of 89.09%. Therefore, the study points to PLONE as the most efficient technology.
Interactive multiplatform software to mitigate arachnophobia through augmented reality
Authors: Plasencia Andrés Ricardo Guanoluisa , Escobar-Sánchez Milton Eduardo
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Augmented Reality (RA) is a technology that mixes physical reality with virtual elements, resulting in mixed reality in real time. He is currently widely accepted for his ease of adaptation in human activities. Superimposing data and digital information in a real environment for educational, commercial, social, therapeutic, industrial, among others. The objective of this research is to develop an interactive software to mitigate arachnophobia by using the engine and graphic editor of Unity Games, focusing on augmented reality. In this project the agile scrum methodology was used. Because it is based on incremental development. Enabling application requirements and development to be flexible for patients and developers. Obtained as a result of a sample of 16 people, that 93.19% improved equal or greater than 50% in their level of anxiety and fear according to their score obtained in the test FSQ after using the proposed application. While 6.81% obtained a percentage lower than 50% because the use of the application was carried out in times less than 20 minutes per day, causing no significant changes.
Best Practices and Methodologies for IT Project Portfolio Management
Authors: Rosero Raúl H. , Alonso Igor Aguilar , Procel Maria A. , Gómez Omar S.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In today's business environment, a key factor for decision making is the IT projects portfolio management (ITPPM). IT projects must be aligned with the objectives, goals and strategies, which is achieved through the appropriate application of a methodology for ITPPM. The experienced application of a methodology depends on the experience of the managers of ITPPM, considering that the application of methodologies generates best practices, it becomes necessary to study some of the more representative methodologies and obtain the best practices that allow novice administrators to initiate their portfolio management activities in information technology projects. In this article, three methodologies are studied, from which best practices are obtained, as results; a hierarchy of best practices is obtained so that project managers can be guided or introduced in their field.
Modeling and simulation of an algorithm for the control of a robotic arm
Authors: Gavilanes Javier J. , Pérez Miguel , Villa Irma , Plaza Douglas
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we present the development of a kinematic model, for controlling and simulating through computer, a Kawasaki RS 003N robotic arm, which is located at ESPOCH in the Mechanical Engineering Faculty. For this purpose, it has been developed a CAD modeling for the robotic arm using SolidWorks, later on this modeling was imported to Simulink. The 3D modeling of the robotic arm in Simulink has been defined with the aid of a tool called SimMechanics, then the controlling algorithm has been developed to insert trajectories to the manipulator, and finally it has been performed the simulation and control tests for Robotic arm movement using Matlab and Simulink. Within the results of the present research we can emphasize that Dnavith Hatemberg algorithm allows the correct movement of the robotic arm. The graphic interface of both the line diagram and the 3D Simulink Robot correctly shows the positioning and orientation of the robot according to the command emitted by the user in the control panels, being able to visualize the positions of each one of the robot´s links and the opening and closing of the robotic clamp.
Methodological Process for the Teaching of Computer Programming based on Computational Thinking: Case Study
Authors: Lopez-Neri Emmanuel , Torres-Santoyo Estela
Published: March 2018

In academia, it is common to identify the problem solving process based on computational thinking, as the traditional method of programming teaching. However, students would first have to develop the four types of thinking involved in this process, in order to develop successfully the programming skills. Therefore is required from the beginning of the learning process a method that provides students with a contextualization, allowing the configuration of their own language, which propitiates the development of analytical thinking for the construction of solutions for increasingly complex problems. This paper describes a methodological process of computer programming teaching based on the computational thinking process, by integrating components that promote the development of analytical thinking. Finally, we present a case study with STEM undergraduate students as participants.
Open Source Web Software Architectures for Geo-graphic Information Systems: A Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Uyaguari Alvaro , Espinosa-Gallardo Edison , Escobar-Sánchez Milton , Carrillo-Medina José Luis , Espinel Patricio
Published: March 2018

Abstract. A geographic information system is an organized integration of hardware, software and geographic data designed to collect, store, manipulate, analyze and present geographically referenced information. In the development of applications web the software architecture are very important aspect when developing complex software efficiently. This research shows a mapping study which objective is know the state of the art of the software architectures of the geographic information systems for open source web environments. The results show that 74.19% of contributions are integrations of existing open source components, 16.13% add tools to the software architecture, and 9.68% integrate new methods to solve or improve algorithms that are part of the architecture. This indicates that further research is needed to experience new tools and/or new algorithms to solve or improve existing ones.
Evidence Control System for the process University Degree accreditation
Authors: Paguay-Soxo1 Paúl , Buñay1 Pamela
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The quality standards established by the higher education control agencies in Ecuador require the demonstration of the processes of Higher Education Institutions through the evidence of the activities, each period in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory entities. The present research presents the results of the implementation of a system of control of evidences in the Career of Engineering in Systems and Computing of the National University of Chimborazo as a tool for the generation and validation of the evidences. An analysis of the generic model of evaluation, diagnostic situation, development and implementation of the solution and analysis of the changes generated by the implementation was performed. The results evidenced that the time of search, validation and collection of evidence decreased, also the increase of the quality of the information according to established guidelines, on the other hand, the difficulties found in the execution of the project were unveiled.
Efecto de biocontrol e inhibición germinativa de Bacillus spp. sobre zoosporas de Phytophthora capsici
Authors: Ley-López Nancy , Márquez-Zequera Isidro , Carrillo-Fasio José Armando , León-Félix Josefina , Cruz-Lachica Isabel , García-Estrada Raymundo Saúl , Allende-Molar Raúl
Published: March 2018

El oomiceto Phytophthora capsici es un patógeno de importancia económica en los cultivos de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) y chile (Capsicum annuum L.). El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de inhibición germinativa y biocontrol de dos aislados del género Bacillus sobre zoosporas de P. capsici. Los aislados fueron identificados como Bacillus amyloliquefaciens y B. thuringiensis. En las pruebas in vitro de la germinación de zoosporas de P. capsici, los porcentajes de inhibición con suspensión celular de B. amyloliquefaciens y B. thuringiensis fueron significativos con 88.15 y 97.05% respectivamente, mientras que, los filtrados mostraron el 24.30% de inhibición. En el estudio in vivo, las plántulas de tomate tratadas con suspensión celular de B. amyloliquefaciens y B. thuringiensis, mostraron menor severidad de la enfermedad ocasionada por P. capsici con 22.22 y 27.78% respectivamente, respecto a lo observado en plántulas de chile donde se obtuvo valores de 61%. Las plántulas de tomate y chile tratadas con filtrados bacterianos, mostraron hasta 94% de severidad. Con suspensión celular de B. amyloliquefaciens y B. thuringiensis la eficacia de biocontrol fue 72 y 77% respectivamente, lo cual muestra que estos microorganismos pueden ser usados como agentes de biocontrol de P. capsici en plantas de tomate y chile.
Respuesta de diez cultivares de mango amarillo al daño por cenicilla (Erysiphe quercicola) en México
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez Amado , Mora-Aguilera José Antonio , De León-García de Alba Carlos , Sandoval-Islas José Sergio , Hernández-Castro Elías , Vásquez-López Alfonso
Published: March 2018

La cenicilla del mango (Erysiphe quercicola) causa pérdidas de producción de hasta 90%, por lo que es necesario estimar la tolerancia a este patógeno en el nuevo germoplasma introducido o generado recientemente para incrementar el potencial de exportación de México. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la respuesta al daño por cenicilla mediante una técnica de inoculación optimizada para inducir la enfermedad en hojas adheridas de 10 cultivares de mango amarillo nuevos para México. Se evaluaron dos métodos de inoculación. El mejor fue por aspersión de conidios a concentración de 4.6 × 105 esporas mL-1, en las superficies adaxial y abaxial de las hojas, a ± 300–450 lux y suspendidos en polisorbato 20 + surfactante a base de alcoholes etoxilados al 2%. La prueba de inoculación mostró que el cv. Alphonso fue moderadamente tolerante y Neelum y Fairchild ligeramente tolerantes. En contraste, Nam Doc Mai, Rosigold, Ataulfo Zafiro, Cotaxtla y Kesar fueron susceptibles y Mallika e Ivory altamente susceptibles. Los cultivares más tolerantes presentaron valores menores de incidencia, severidad máxima, área bajo la curva del progreso de la enfermedad, tasa de infección aparente y densidad de conidios por cm2 de área foliar dañada (LSD, P ? 0.05).
Monoclonal antibodies in regulation of signal transduction
of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathway in cancer cells
Authors: Kampa Rafał , Bednarek Ilona , Sypniewski Daniel
Published: March 2018

Receptor naskórkowego czynnika wzrostu EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), ze względu na jego ważny udział w patogenezie nowotworów złośliwych, jest obiektem intensywnych badań naukowych ostatnich lat. W wielu typach nowotworów wewnątrzkomórkowe szlaki sygnalizacyjne pobudzane przez EGFR mają wręcz kluczowe znaczenie w ich rozwoju. Z drugiej strony wykazano, iż EGFR może stanowić bardzo obiecujący punkt uchwytu dla czynników terapeutycznych. Podjęto próby modyfikacji transdukcji sygnału przekazywanego przez aktywny EGFR wewnątrz komórek poprzez blokowanie aktywności elementów tego szlaku bądź samego receptora. Wykazano też, że blokowanie receptora EGFR przez przeciwciała monoklonalne podwyższa efektywność stosowanych w terapii konwencjonalnych czynników przeciwnowotworowych, np. cisplatyny. Dodatkowo opracowano wiele terapii przeciwnowotworowych opierając się na zastosowaniu inhibitorów wybranych, kluczowych składowych szlaku sygnalizacyjnego EGFR, z których wiele bazuje na zastosowaniu przeciwciał monoklonalnych.
Análisis de las creencias de algunos docentes de Educación Inicial con referencia al enseñar
Authors: Pena Gabriela , Viña Andrea
Published: March 2018

Las autoras de este informe, maestras de Educación Inicial con cinco años de formación académica, y formación específica en el área, percibimos un vacío respecto de nuestra formación en Didáctica, comprendida esta como teoría de la enseñanza. Este hecho adquiere otras significaciones más profundas cuando constatamos que en el diseño de Educación Inicial se encuentran explicitadas las fuentes que hacen referencia a las Ciencias de la Educación, pero no hay mención expresa de la Didáctica, como una de aquellas donde el maestro pueda acudir para profundizar sobre su ser docente. Entendemos que reflexionar sobre estos temas, puede viabilizar nuevas maneras de comprender el oficio de enseñante y por lo tanto, llevar al encuentro de nuevas maneras de enseñar.
Presentación
Authors: Lorenzo Enrique
Published: March 2018

Cuestiones vinculadas con las enseñanzas y los aprendizajes constituyen el eje temático de este nuevo número de los Cuadernos de Investigación Educativa, publicación semestral del Instituto de Educación de la Universidad ORT Uruguay. Los trabajos presentados recorren diferentes contextos educativos: desde educación inicial hasta la Universidad. Este abanico de ámbitos de intervención manifiesta un fuerte vínculo: todos los autores/investigadores están preocupados por pensar, estudiar y comprender mejor los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.
Smart Campus: Trends in cybersecurity and future development
Authors: Sánchez-Torres Brayan , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Jesús Alberto , Rico-Bautista Dewar Willmer , Guerrero César D.
Published: March 2018

Smart Campus is an entity of any kind that uses technology and infrastructure to support and improve its processes, so people can use them better. This paper reviews the literature to contextualize the Internet of Things and its vital importance for the Smart Campus, as well as its relationship with the concepts of cybersecurity and wireless sensor network. We describe the various interrelationships, tendencies, and future development of a Smart Campus, as well as the differences and similarities with the emerging concept of Smart University. This review revealed that the Internet of Things is involved in all fields and can influence and improve the university’s processes to contribute to decision-making, technological development, and academic learning. To conclude, Smart University focuses on improving the infrastructure of universities through technology, with the main purpose of enhancing the quality of the education provided by institutions.
Defining Operational Equivalent of Classic and Combination-Information Mental Function of Prospective Science Teacher Knowledge of Electricity Procedural Knowledge Subject by Comparing Theoretical and Experimental Data
Authors: YILMAZ İsmail
Published: March 2018

By comparing theoretical and experimental data, we aim to improve the learning and mental functions of prospective science teachers. Accordingly, mental function operations are defined by a qualitative study to ensure the establishment of a “bijective mental” level. Combination-information (CI)-level intervals of mental function operations are determined by knowledge and success. These are defined by the relation between the procedural knowledge in the cognitive domains of solutions and possible cases of data (questions) through an assessment tool. This tool includes open-ended questions for assessing the procedural knowledge of electricity of prospective science teachers. By employing these level intervals and comparing the obtained CI knowledge and success levels through problem-solving, the CI mental function operation equivalencies of prospective-teacher knowledge levels of electricity are established. To determine the equivalencies of classic mental function operations, an equal level interval is used. By comparing classic knowledge and success levels with these interval values, classic mental function operation equivalencies are determined. Using these equivalencies, learning and mental functions are improved. Based on the results, we provide suggestions on maintaining bijective mental levels.
Utilization Of Carbon Waste Leaf As A Organic Pigment In Whiteboard Spidol Ink
Authors: Putro Andya Satya Purnomo , Putri Arnetha I , Nur'ain Rizka , Arum Jasmine S.S.
Published: March 2018

Waste has become one of the problems that until now has not been resolved in the community. One type of waste that is abundant is organic waste in the form of leaves. Based on this fact which demands a creative and innovative way of processing waste into a powerful product. One effort made is the utilization of leaf waste as organic color pigment on white board marker ink. Pigment is obtained by reducing leaf waste to homogeneous form of carbon powder that is burning leaf garbage in low oxygen condition then done simple mixing process with other material of ink maker. The resulting ink is tested for transmittance in carbon mass variations in the range from 1 to 6 grams, the results show that the more carbon mass, the lower the intensity of the light passes. The absorption rate test shows that the carbon inks have a speed similar to the ink type on the market, which is 0.081 mm / s. When the performance test of the carbon ink on the white board shows almost the same result of black with commercial ink and can adhere well so it is suitable if applied as white board marker ink.
Algorithm for Evolutionarily Stable Strategies against Pure Mutations
Authors: Ganzfried Sam
Published: March 2018

Evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is an important solution concept in game theory which has been applied frequently to biology and even cancer. Finding such a strategy has been shown to be difficult from a theoretical complexity perspective. Informally an ESS is a strategy that if followed by the population cannot be taken over by a mutation strategy. We present an algorithm for the case where mutations are restricted to pure strategies. This is the first positive result for computation of ESS, as all prior results are computational hardness and no prior algorithms have been presented.
Strength of PLA Components Fabricated with Fused Deposition Technology Using a Desktop 3D Printer as a Function of Geometrical Parameters of the Process
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladimir , Solonin Alexey , Urzhumtcev Oleg , Tavitov Azamat , Schilling Richard
Published: March 2018

The current paper is studying the influence of geometrical parameters of the FDM (FFF) 3D printing process on printed part strength for open source desktop 3D printers and the most popular material used for that purpose, i.e. PLA (polylactic acid). The study was conducted using a set of different nozzles (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mm) and a range of layer heights from the minimum to maximum physical limits of the machine. To assess print strength, a novel assessment method is proposed. A tubular sample is loaded in the weakest direction (across layers) in a three-point bending fixture. To explain the results obtained, a mesostructure evaluation through SEM scans of the samples were used. A significant influence of geometric process parameters was detected on sample mesostructure and, consequently, on sample strength.
Late Reconstruction of the Interosseous Membrane with Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Graft for Chronic Essex-Lopresti Injuries
Authors: Gaspar Michael P. , Adams Julie E. , Zohn Ralph C. , Jacoby Sidney M. , Culp Randall W. , Osterman A. Lee , Kane Patrick M.
Published: March 2018

Background:

The purpose of this study was to report our long-term outcomes following reconstruction of the forearm interosseous membrane (IOM) with bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) graft for treatment of chronic Essex-Lopresti injuries.

Methods:

We identified 33 patients who underwent IOM reconstruction with BPTB graft for chronic Essex-Lopresti injuries over a 20-year treatment interval. Twenty male and 13 female patients, with a mean age of 42.1 years (range, 19 to 73 years) and a minimum follow-up interval of 5 years, were included. Preinjury clinical examination and radiographic measurements were obtained from records for comparison with prospectively collected data. Additional functional outcome data collected postoperatively included QuickDASH (an abbreviated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH]), modified Mayo wrist (MMW), and Broberg-Morrey elbow function scores.

Results:

IOM reconstruction was performed at a mean interval (and standard deviation) of 44.9 ± 60.0 months (range, 6.4 to 208 months) from the time of the initial injury. At a mean follow-up of 10.9 ± 4.4 years (range, 5.5 to 24.2 years), significant improvements were observed in mean elbow flexion-extension arc (+13° [95% confidence interval (CI), 4° to 22°]; p = 0.005), wrist flexion-extension arc (+19° [95% CI, 4° to 34°]; p = 0.016), forearm pronation-supination (+23° [95% CI, 8° to 39°]; p = 0.004), and grip strength (+25% of that of the contralateral side [95% CI, 18% to 32% of contralateral side]; p < 0.001). Improvements in ulnar variance were sustained over the long term from +3.9 mm (95% CI, 3.2 to 4.6 mm) preoperatively to −1.6 mm (95% CI, −2.3 to −0.9 mm) immediately postoperatively and −1.1 mm (95% CI, −1.8 to −0.4 mm) at the time of the final follow-up (p < 0.001). The mean QuickDASH, MMW, and Broberg-Morrey scores were 29.8 (range, 5 to 61), 82.7 (range, 60 to 100), and 91.6 (range, 64 to 100), respectively.

Conclusions:

IOM reconstruction with a BPTB graft is an effective treatment option for chronic Essex-Lopresti injuries, with satisfactory clinical and functional outcomes over the long term.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pengembangan Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) di antara Tanaman Karet Belum Menghasilkan
Authors: Sahuri NFN
Published: March 2018

Land between juvenile rubber rows in the rubber plantation is potential for corn farming. This research aimed to assess corn production and added value of corn farming intercropped with juvenile rubber. It also studied effect of corn intercrop on land productivity improvement and juvenile rubber growth.  The experiment was conducted at the Sembawa Research Station from January until April 2016 on the juvenile rubber plantation using IRR 112 clone and spacing of 6 m x 3 m (550 tree per ha). The experiment was carried using a randomized block design (RBCD) with treatments of two planting-patterns, i.e. PT1 (rubber+corn) and PT2 (monoculture corn) with three replications, and the control was monoculture corn. The data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by DMRT at the level of 5%. Results of the research showed that corn intercropped with rubber significantly affected land productivity and IRR 112 clone growth during juvenile rubber period. Intercropped corn farm business in the juvenile rubber plantation was profitable as its R/C ratio of 1.62 at corn lower price and R/C ratio of 2.27 at corn higher price. Intercropped corn farming was profitable and it was feasible practiced inside the juvenile rubber plantation.

 

Abstrak

Lahan di antara tanaman karet belum menghasilkan (TBM) berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan guna mengembangkan tanaman jagung. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui produksi jagung serta nilai tambah usaha tani jagung sebagai tanaman sela dan mengetahui pengaruh tanaman sela jagung terhadap peningkatan produktivitas lahan karet dan pertumbuhan lilit batang karet. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Sembawa, kebun karet TBM klon IRR 112, jarak tanam 6 m x 3 m (550 pohon/ha), dimulai dari bulan Januari sampai April tahun 2016. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), terdiri dari dua pola tanam yaitu: PT1 (karet+jagung) dan PT2 (karet monokultur), diulang tiga kali dan sebagai pembanding adalah jagung monokultur. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam, jika berbeda nyata diuji lanjut DMRT pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman jagung sebagai tanaman sela karet berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan produktivitas lahan karet dan pertumbuhan tanaman karet klon IRR 112 pada masa TBM. Usaha tani jagung sebagai tanaman sela karet pada saat harga rendah masih menguntungkan dengan R/C ratio 1,62, sedangkan pada saat harga tinggi sangat menguntungkan dengan R/C ratio 2,27. Secara ekonomi usaha tani jagung menguntungkan dan layak untuk dikembangkan sebagai tanaman sela karet pada masa TBM.  
Respons Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Kacang Hijau terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan
Authors: Asadi Asadi , Sutoro Sutoro , Dewi Nurwita , Bora Charles S.
Published: March 2018

Cekaman kekeringan menjadi masalah yang perlu diperhatikan dalam budi daya kacang hijau di lahan kering, mengingat ketersediaan air yang relatif terbatas terutama pada musim kemarau. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi aksesi-aksesi kacang hijau terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Sebanyak lima puluh aksesi plasma nutfah kacang hijau yang terdiri atas varietas unggul nasional, dan varietas lokal koleksi Bank Gen BB Biogen digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pengujian kekeringan dilaksanakan di KP Naibonat, BPTP NTT, Kupang pada tahun 2013. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terpisah 3 ulangan, di mana petak utama adalah kondisi tanah (normal dan kekeringan) dan anak petak adalah 50 aksesi kacang hijau. Pada kondisi normal (N) tanah pada setiap petak selalu dalam keadaan cukup air hingga seminggu menjelang panen (disiram sesuai keperluan). Pada kondisi kekeringan (K) tanah tidak disiram semenjak umur 4 minggu setelah tanaman hingga panen. Setiap galur ditanam 2 tanaman per rumpun, pada jarak 40 cm × 20 cm dalam petakan 2 m × 3 m. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap hasil biji dan karakter agronomi penting lainnya. Toleransi kekeringan dinilai berdasarkan persentase penurunan hasil pada kondisi kekeringan dibanding dengan kondisi normal. Untuk melihat keeratan hubungan antarkarakter agronomis dilakukan uji korelasi. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, diperoleh 11 aksesi plasma nutfah yang toleran, lima aksesi di antaranya tergolong paling toleran dengan penurunan hasil pada kondisi kekeringan lebih rendah dibanding dengan varietas toleran lainnya. Kelima varietas tersebut adalah Walet, Kenari, Merak, Sriti, dan Lokal Pameungpeuk. Korelasi antarkarakter agronomi (komponen hasil) dengan hasil biji plasma nutfah kacang hijau pada kondisi normal dan kekeringan relatif sama.
Potensi Hutan Reklamasi Bekas Tambang Batu Bara, Sangata, Kalimantan Timur untuk Penangkaran Rusa Sambar (Rusa unicolor)
Authors: Garsetiasih R. , Heriyanto N. M.
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi areal hutan reklamasi bekas tambang batu bara di PT Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC) sebagai habitat penangkaran rusa. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai April tahun 2015 berlokasi di PT KPC Kabupaten Sangata, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Pengumpulan data tumbuhan bawah dan biomasnya serta vegetasi pohon dilakukan dengan analisis vegetasi dengan petak contoh ukuran 1 m x 1 m untuk tumbuhan bawah dengan jarak antarplot 50 m, untuk vegetasi tingkat pohon ukuran plot 50 x 50 m, jarak antarplot 100 m. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kerapatan pohon pada tiga lokasi pengamatan berkisar antara 256 pohon per hektar sampai 416 pohon per hektar sedangkan perkiraan daya dukung untuk rusa berkisar antara 4 ekor per hektar sampai 19 ekor per hektar. Areal reklamasi bekas tambang batu bara di PT KPC memenuhi syarat sebagai habitat penangkaran rusa.
Keragaman Genotipik dan Fenotipik 48 Aksesi Kedelai Introduksi Asal Cina
Authors: Terryana Rerenstradika Tizar , Nugroho Kristianto , Reflinur Reflinur , Mulya Karden , Dewi Nurwita , Lestari Puji
Published: March 2018

Sebagai salah satu komoditas tanaman pangan penting di Indonesia setelah padi dan jagung, kedelai memerlukan upaya peningkatan keragaman genetik dengan cara introduksi aksesi dari negara lain terutama Cina sebagai salah satu negara asal kedelai di dunia. Marka simple sequence repeat (SSR) dapat digunakan untuk analisis keragaman genetik antaraksesi kedelai introduksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari keragaman genotipik dan fenotipik 48 aksesi kedelai introduksi asal Cina menggunakan 15 marka SSR. Analisis DNA dilakukan menggunakan PCR dan data hasil PCR menggunakan marka SSR dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak XLSTAT, NTSYS, dan PowerMarker. Data karakter morfologis diperoleh dari basis data Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (www.ars-grin.gov). Data ini digunakan sebagai data keragaman fenotipik yang diperlukan untuk menunjang hasil karakterisasi molekuler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keragaman karakter morfologis dan molekuler antaraksesi kedelai yang dipelajari. Berdasarkan hasil analisis komponen utama, karakter tinggi tanaman, bobot 100 biji, hasil biji, warna pusar biji, warna trikoma, warna bunga, dan warna polong berkontribusi besar terhadap keragaman total. Analisis molekuler menggunakan marka SSR menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi alel yang cukup tinggi (9–25 alel) di antara aksesi kedelai dengan rerata jumlah alel 15,6, sedangkan rerata nilai Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) sebesar 0,89 (0,84–0,94). Seluruh marka SSR memiliki nilai PIC>0,5 yang menunjukkan bahwa marka tersebut informatif untuk studi keragaman genetik kedelai dengan rerata nilai diversitas gen sebesar 0,90. Hasil analisis filogenetik dan analisis koordinat utama menunjukkan bahwa 48 aksesi tersebut mengelompok menjadi tiga dengan koefisien kemiripan 0,84. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pula uji asosiasi antara marka SSR dan karakter morfologis. Asosiasi yang signifikan ditemukan pada tujuh lokus marka SSR. Persentase keragaman total yang dapat dijelaskan oleh marka SSR tersebut, yaitu 17,25–78,45%. Marka GMES2225 dan Sat_286 berasosiasi dengan warna kulit biji, sedangkan marka GmF35H berasosiasi dengan tinggi tanaman. Informasi keragaman genetik akan sangat bermanfaat sebagai langkah awal untuk kegiatan seleksi tetua persilangan dengan sifat yang diinginkan dalam membantu program pemuliaan kedelai di Indonesia.
Keragaman Genetik Dua Puluh Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Jatropha spp. Menggunakan Marka Simple Sequence Repeat
Authors: Nugroho Kristianto , Terryana Rerenstradika T. , Reflinur Reflinur , Lestari Puji , Mulya Karden , Tasma I Made
Published: March 2018

Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang potensial sebagai penghasil energi alternatif bahan bakar fosil. Informasi mengenai keragaman genetik genus Jatropha spp. sangat penting untuk menentukan arah kegiatan pemuliaan ke depan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keragaman genetik 20 aksesi plasma nutfah Jatropha spp. asal Indonesia dan Thailand menggunakan 20 marka SSR. Sebanyak 129 alel berhasil dideteksi dengan rentang 4-9 alel per lokus dan rerata 6,5 alel. Nilai diversitas gen sebesar 0,53 hingga 0,86 dengan rerata 0,75, sedangkan nilai PIC sebesar 0,49 hingga 0,84 dengan rerata 0,71. Sebanyak 12 marka memiliki nilai PIC > 0,70 dan bersifat informatif untuk membedakan individu jarak. Rerata frekuensi alel utama yang diperoleh sebesar 37% dengan rentang 18–55%. Sebanyak 7 marka SSR mampu membedakan genotipe heterozigot dengan nilai heterozigositas sebesar 0,05 hingga 0,11 dengan rerata 0,03. Hasil analisis filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa 20 aksesi Jatropha spp. memisah menjadi dua klaster utama pada koefisien kesamaan 0,70. Klaster pertama terdiri atas 17 aksesi J. curcas, sedangkan klaster kedua terdiri atas 3 aksesi, yaitu J. podagrica, J. gossypifolia, dan J. multifida. Data keragaman genetik yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar pemilihan tetua persilangan dalam rangka menghasilkan varietas unggul baru dengan karakter kadar minyak tinggi sesuai yang diharapkan.
Virulensi Wereng Batang Cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) dan Strategi Pengelolaannya
Authors: Chaerani Chaerani
Published: March 2018

Wereng batang cokelat (WBC) timbul menjadi hama utama padi di Asia sebagai dampak revolusi hijau. Ledakan populasi WBC didukung oleh perilaku WBC yang monofagus pada padi, keperidian tinggi, dan kemampuan migrasi jarak jauh. WBC bersifat labil dalam virulensi dan mampu beradaptasi pada varietas tahan. Penggunaan istilah ‘biotipe’ untuk pengelompokan virulensi WBC masih diperdebatkan karena adanya variasi virulensi dan genetik antarindividu dalam satu biotipe. Makalah tinjauan ini membahas aspek strategi hidup dan makan, biokimia, interaksi dengan endosimbion, dan genetik WBC untuk mengetahui basis adaptasi virulensi WBC sehingga dapat digunakan dalam perbaikan strategi pengelolaan hama ini. Pada level molekuler, virulensi ditandai dengan peningkatan profil ekspresi gen-gen yang berkaitan dengan detoksifikasi senyawa alelokemik tanaman; metabolisme lipid, karbohidrat, asam amino, dan nitrogen; jalur lintas penyinalan respons pertahanan, respons terhadap cekaman, dan respons kekebalan. Penelitian genomik mengungkap interaksi komplementer antara WBC dan mikroorganisme endosimbion, tetapi percobaan menggunakan WBC aposimbiotik menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan endosimbion tidak selalu berkorelasi positif dengan virulensi WBC. Bertolak belakang dengan hasil-hasil penelitian sebelum-nya, pemetaan genetik gen virulensi menggunakan tetua inbred menunjukkan bahwa virulensi WBC dikendalikan secara monogenik sehingga hubungan gene-for-gene antara WBC dengan tanaman padi berlaku. Strategi penanaman varietas tahan untuk mengantisipasi adaptasi virulensi WBC seiring dengan dinamika varietas padi yang ditanam di lapangan dibahas dalam makalah ini.
Potensi Sumbangan Kapas Bt untuk Peningkatan Produksi Kapas di Indonesia
Authors: AH Bahagiawati - , Bermawie Nurliani
Published: March 2018

Indonesia termasuk lima belas besar negara penghasil tekstil di dunia. Namun, bahan dasar industri tekstil ini, yaitu kapas, 99,5% masih diimpor, padahal lahan potensial untuk penanaman kapas terbilang cukup besar. Ada beberapa hal yang memengaruhi produksi kapas, antara lain belum tersedianya benih kapas bermutu tinggi yang tahan serangan hama dan penyakit. Teknologi rekayasa genetika telah terbukti menghasilkan benih kapas transgenik berpotensi hasil tinggi yang tahan hama utama. Pada tahun 2001–2002, Indonesia pernah menanam kapas transgenik (kapas Bt) terbatas di tujuh kabupaten di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Pada waktu itu, produksi rerata kapas Bt mencapai 220% lebih tinggi daripada kapas lokal Kanesia. Namun karena beberapa hal penanaman kapas Bt dihentikan. Setelah penanaman kapas Bt terhenti selama lebih kurang 12 tahun, produksi kapas nasional tetap rendah dan cenderung menurun sehingga impor kapas terus meningkat. Kondisi yang berbeda bila dibandingkan dengan negara lain seperti India yang mengalami perkembangan pesat penanaman kapas Bt. Pada tahun 2014, India telah menjadi negara pengekspor kapas utama di dunia mengalahkan Cina dan Amerika Serikat. Berdasarkan pengalaman Indonesia menanam kapas Bt dan keberhasilan yang telah dibuktikan oleh negara lain terutama India dalam meningkatkan produksi kapas, untuk meningkatkan produksi kapas nasional, Indonesia perlu mempertimbangkan untuk menanam kembali kapas Bt di sentra produksi kapas di Indonesia. Tujuan tinjauan ini adalah memberikan informasi tentang pengalaman Indonesia menanam kapas Bt, potensi kapas Bt, dan kebijakan yang disarankan untuk meningkatkan produksi kapas nasional.
Evaluasi Keragaman Genetik Jagung Inbrida Berdasarkan Sepuluh Marka Simple Sequence Repeat
Authors: Sutoro Sutoro , Lestari Puji , Risliawati Andari , Nugroho Kristianto , Iriany R. Neni
Published: March 2018

Keragaman genetik jagung inbrida diperlukan untuk mendapatkan jagung hibrida yang berpotensi hasil tinggi. Keragaman inbrida dapat dievaluasi melalui analisis molekuler dengan marka simple sequence repeat (SSR). Tujuan  enelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi keragaman genetik jagung inbrida yang berlatar belakang genetik berbeda dengan marka SSR dan mengelompokkannya
sebagai panduan untuk pembentukan jagung hibrida. Sebanyak sepuluh marka SSR digunakan untuk mengelompokkan 32 jagung inbrida yang memiliki latar belakang genetik yang berbeda. Analisis dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi
Molekuler, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian, pada bulan Maret 2017. Data polimorfisme SSR pada jagung inbrida dianalisis secara statistik dan filogeninya menggunakan perangkat lunak NTSYS. Hasil analisis keragaman genetik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antarinbrida, termasuk inbrida yang dihasilkan dari satu populasi jagung bersari bebas. Total sepuluh marka SSR mampu membedakan alel homozigot dan heterozigot jagung inbrida. Dari hasil pengelompokan jagung inbrida pada tingkat kesamaan 68% diperoleh dua klaster. Klaster pertama terdiri atas 30 inbrida, sedangkan klaster kedua hanya terdiri atas inbrida Al-46 dan 22-9-5-4-17-5. Pasangan inbrida dengan jarak genetik terjauh adalah inbrida 22-9-5-4-17-5 dan 23-4-9-7-2-9, dan inbrida CML161/Nei 9008 dan 22-9-5-4-17-5. Inbrida tersebut potensial untuk dijadikan sebagai tetua dalam menghasilkan hibrida karena jarak genetiknya yang relatif jauh.
Regenerasi Protokorm secara In Vitro dan Aklimatisasi Planlet Anggrek Cymbidium hartinahianum J.B. Comber & Nasution
Authors: Handini Elizabeth , Sukma Dewi , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Roostika Ika
Published: March 2018

Cymbidium hartinahianum J.B. Comber & Nasution merupakan spesies anggrek asli Indonesia yang terancam punah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan formulasi media yang sesuai untuk multiplikasi protokorm dan metode aklimatisasi planlet C. hartinahianum. Pada tahap pertama multiplikasi protokorm, media Knudson C (KC) ditambah dengan naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0,5 mg/l dikombinasikan dengan benzyladenine (BA) (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/l). Pada tahap kedua, digunakan thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 0,1, 0,3, 0,5 mg/l). Induksi akar dilakukan dengan menggunakan media KCA dengan penambahan NAA atau indolebutyric acid (IBA) (0, 1, 3, 5 mg/l). Planlet diberi perlakuan hardening pada media KCA dengan perlakuan sukrosa (0, 20, 40 g/l) dan diinkubasi pada 16–18°C selama 1 bulan, kemudian dipindahkan ke 22–27°C selama 1 bulan, dan selanjutnya dipindahkan ke 27–29°C selama 1 bulan sebelum aklimatisasi. Sebanyak 3,1 tunas dan 11,16 protocorm-like body (PLB) (daya hidup 72%) dihasilkan dengan BA 5 mg/l. Penggunaan BA lebih dari 5 mg/l tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap kenaikan jumlah PLB. Perlakuan TDZ 0,3 mg/l menghasilkan 2,33 PLB (daya hidup 99,63%). Penggunaan TDZ lebih dari 0,3 mg/l menyebabkan kenaikan jumlah PLB. Induksi akar optimal pada perlakuan NAA 3 mg/l, namun jumlah akarnya tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Perlakuan hardening terbaik adalah inkubasi planlet pada media KCA yang ditambah gula 20 g/l di ruang kultur dengan suhu 16–18°C selama 1 bulan dilanjutkan dengan 1 bulan di ruang persiapan dengan suhu 22–27°C (daya hidup 44,6%).
Test the Efficiency of some Plants in the Tolerant of Air Pollution within the City of Baghdad. Iraq
Authors: Jasim Israa M. , Al-kubaisi A. A. , Obaidy A. M. J. Al-
Published: March 2018

This study was designed to monitor the ambient air pollution in several sites within Baghdad City of Iraq. The readings started from May 2016 to April 2017. The highest concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) was 2.28 ppmm-3 while nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was 3.68 ppmm-3 and suspended particulate matter was 585.1 ?gm-3. This study also included estimating the value of the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) for four plant's species Olea europaea L., Ziziphus spina-Christi (L.) Desf, Albizia lebbeck(L.) Benth. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Were cultivated on the road sides. The study includes four biochemical parameters, total chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid content, pH and relative water content of plant leaves. The results show that combining variety of these parameters give more certain results than those of single parameter. These four estimated parameters have positive correlation with each other and with the values of the air pollution tolerance index in all plants studied.
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients
Authors: Salloom Dunya Fareed
Published: March 2018

Ankylosing spondylitis is a complex debilitating disease because its pathogenesis is not clear. This study aims at detecting some pathogenesis factors that lead to induce the disease. Chlamydia pneumoniae is one of these pathogenesis factors which acts as a triggering factor for the disease. The study groups included forty Iraqi Ankylosing spondylitis patients and forty healthy persons as a control group. Immunological and molecular examinations were done to detect Chlamydia. pneumoniae in AS group. The immunological results were performed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect anti-IgG and anti-IgM antibodies of C. pneumoniae revealed that five of forty AS patients' samples (12.5%) were positive for anti-IgG and IgM C. pneumoniae antibodies compared to controls which revealed seronegative. Molecular detection included 16srRNA and HSP-70 genes were to ensure the serological examination for detection of bacteria in the five blood samples which were positive; therefore, these results improved that C. pneumoniae played a role in the pathogenesis of the disease
On Fully Stable Banach Algebra Modules and Fully Pesudo Stable Banach Algebra Modules
Authors: Kadhim Samira Naji
Published: March 2018

The concept of fully pseudo stable Banach Algebra-module (Banach A-module) which is the generalization of fully stable Banach A-module has been introduced. In this paper we study some properties of fully stable Banach A-module and another characterization of fully pseudo stable Banach A-module has been given.