bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal variation in environmental radioactivity and radiation exposure doses in the restricted areas around the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Liu Mengjie , Taira Yasuyuki , Matsuo Masahiko , Orita Makiko , Matsunaga Hitomi , Kashiwazaki Yuya , Xiao Xu , Takamura Noboru
Published: December 2023

Temporal variation and fluctuation in environmental contamination in Futaba town and Okuma town, the location of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), were evaluated based on a car-borne survey conducted from October 2021 to November 2022. Although the environmental radioactivity in the interim storage facility area (ISF) was higher than that in open areas (i.e., the evacuation order lifted areas in Futaba town and the Specific Reconstruction and Regeneration Base area [SRRB] in Okuma town), only minor temporal changes were seen in the ambient dose and detection rate of radiocesium (the proportion of radiocesium detected points per all measuring points) in those areas, respectively. These findings suggest that the observed variations may result from physical decay and environmental remediation. Resuspension caused by human activities and weather could also affect the detection rate of radiocesium. The annual external effective doses in Futaba town and Okuma town were estimated to be at a limited level (< 1 mSv/year). Nevertheless, to help ensure the safety and future prosperity of residents and communities in the affected areas around the FDNPP, long-term follow-up monitoring of temporal exposure dose levels during the recovery and reconstruction phases is extremely important.
Machine learning models to predict the warfarin discharge dosage using clinical information of inpatients from South Korea
Authors: Choi Heejung , Kang Hee Jun , Ahn Imjin , Gwon Hansle , Kim Yunha , Seo Hyeram , Cho Ha Na , Han JiYe , Kim Minkyoung , Kee Gaeun , Park Seohyun , Kwon Osung , Roh Jae-Hyung , Kim Ah-Ram , Kim Ju Hyeon , Jun Tae Joon , Kim Young-Hak
Published: December 2023

As warfarin has a narrow therapeutic window and obvious response variability among individuals, it is difficult to rapidly determine personalized warfarin dosage. Adverse drug events(ADE) resulting from warfarin overdose can be critical, so that typically physicians adjust the warfarin dosage through the INR monitoring twice a week when starting warfarin. Our study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models that predicts the discharge dosage of warfarin as the initial warfarin dosage using clinical data derived from electronic medical records within 2 days of hospitalization. During this retrospective study, adult patients who were prescribed warfarin at Asan Medical Center (AMC) between January 1, 2018, and October 31, 2020, were recruited as a model development cohort (n = 3168). Additionally, we created an external validation dataset (n = 891) from a Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III). Variables for a model prediction were selected based on the clinical rationale that turned out to be associated with warfarin dosage, such as bleeding. The discharge dosage of warfarin was used the study outcome, because we assumed that patients achieved target INR at discharge. In this study, four ML models that predicted the warfarin discharge dosage were developed. We evaluated the model performance using the mean absolute error (MAE) and prediction accuracy. Finally, we compared the accuracy of the predictions of our models and the predictions of physicians for 40 data point to verify a clinical relevance of the models. The MAEs obtained using the internal validation set were as follows: XGBoost, 0.9; artificial neural network, 0.9; random forest, 1.0; linear regression, 1.0; and physicians, 1.3. As a result, our models had better prediction accuracy than the physicians, who have difficulty determining the warfarin discharge dosage using clinical information obtained within 2 days of hospitalization. We not only conducted the internal validation but also external validation. In conclusion, our ML model could help physicians predict the warfarin discharge dosage as the initial warfarin dosage from Korean population. However, conducting a successfully external validation in a further work is required for the application of the models.
Use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors was associated with a lower risk of Parkinson’s disease in diabetic patients
Authors: Lin Yu-Hsuan , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Liu Jia-Sin , Chang Kuo-Cheng , Huang Jin-An
Published: December 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). While animal studies have supported the benefits of incretin-based therapies, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, in PD, clinical research has yielded controversial results. This cohort study aimed to assess the relationship between PD incidence and the utilization of DPP4 inhibitor in diabetic patients. Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 2009 to 2018, diabetic patients receiving metformin plus at least one second-line oral antidiabetic (OAD) were enrolled. The patients were categorized as DPP4 inhibitor users and non-users. Propensity score matching was employed to establish a 1:1 ratio between DPP4 inhibitor users and non-users. Among the 205,910 patients enrolled, 149 were diagnosed with PD during follow-up. The incidence rate was 0.29 per 1000 person-years for DPP4 inhibitor users and 0.55 per 1000 person-years for the non-users. DPP4 inhibitor users exhibited a significantly lower risk of PD (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI 0.39–0.68). Among DPP4 inhibitor users, vildagliptin showed the strongest correlation with a reduction in the risk of PD. This study demonstrates that the use of DPP4 inhibitors along with metformin in diabetic patients is associated with a lower risk of PD compared to those using other OADs.
Recording the maxillomandibular relationship with the Aqualizer system prior to occlusal splint therapy for treating temporomandibular disorders: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Huth Karin Christine , Bex Alexandra , Kollmuss Maximilian , Wuersching Sabina Noreen
Published: December 2023

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) present a public health issue and are one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions causing chronic pain. This study compares the outcomes of occlusal splint therapy in patients with TMD following two different maxillomandibular relationship (MMR) registration techniques. 40 TMD patients were randomly allocated to MMR registration with the Aqualizer system (AQU) or with chin point guidance (CPG) prior to fabricating occlusal splints. TMD symptoms, subjective pain intensity, and quality of life (QoL) were recorded at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. The treatment led to an overall reduction of TMD symptoms in both groups (Conover test, p < 0.00001). TMJ sounds, TMJ pain with palpation and muscle pain with palpation subsided regardless of the type of MMR registration method used (Cohen’s d > 0.8). AQU-based occlusal splints led to a better improvement of TMJ pain with maximum opening compared to CPG-based occlusal splints (Cohen’s d = 0.9; CPG d = 0.13). In both groups, occlusal splint treatment had little to no effect on correcting lateral mandible deviation or improving restricted jaw opening. After 6 months occlusal splints in both groups had a large effect on improving subjective pain intensity (Cohen’s d > 0.8), however, patients reported a higher QoL in the AQU group compared to the CPG group (Mann–Whitney-U-test, p < 0.05). The results of this study support the premise that occlusal splints are effective in relieving pain-related TMD symptoms. The Aqualizer can be considered for determining MMR in cases, where guided registration techniques are not possible.

Trial registration: DRKS00031998.
Thrombopoietin-independent generation of platelet-like particles from megakaryoblastic cells
Authors: Nunthanasup Nuntiporn , Ketprasit Nutpakal , Noulsri Egarit , Palasuwan Attakorn , Combes Valery , Kulkeaw Kasem , Palasuwan Duangdao
Published: December 2023

The use of megakaryoblastic leukemia MEG-01 cells can help reveal the mechanisms of thrombopoiesis. However, conventional in vitro activation of platelet release from MEG-01 cells requires thrombopoietin, which is costly. Here, we aim to develop a more straightforward and affordable method. Synchronization of the MEG-01 cells was initially performed using serum-free culture, followed by spontaneous cell differentiation in the presence of serum. Different stages of megakaryoblast differentiation were classified based on cell morphology, DNA content, and cell cycle. The MEG-01 cells released platelet-like particles at a level comparable to that of the thrombopoietin-activated MEG-01 cells. The platelet-like particles were distinguishable from PLP-derived extracellular vesicles and could express P-selectin following ADP activation. Importantly, the platelet-like particles induced fibrin clotting in vitro using platelet-poor plasma. Therefore, this thrombopoietin-independent cell synchronization method is an effective and straightforward method for studying megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.
Tumor microenvironment remodeling plus immunotherapy could be used in mesenchymal-like tumor with high tumor residual and drug resistant rate
Authors: Shen Shuai , Liu Xing , Guo Qing , Liang Qingyu , Wu Jianqi , Guan Gefei , Zou Cunyi , Zhu Chen , Yan Zihao , Liu Tianqi , Chen Ling , Cheng Peng , Cheng Wen , Wu Anhua
Published: December 2023

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a common process during tumor progression and is always related to residual tumor, drug resistance and immune suppression. However, considering the heterogeneity in EMT process, there is still a need to establish robust EMT classification system with reasonable molecular, biological and clinical implications to investigate whether these unfavorable survival factors are common or unique in different individuals. In our work, we classify tumors with four EMT status, that is, EMTlow, EMTmid, EMThigh-NOS (Not Otherwise Specified), and EMThigh-AKT (AKT pathway overactivation) subtypes. We find that EMThigh-NOS subtype is driven by intrinsic somatic alterations. While, EMThigh-AKT subtype is maintained by extrinsic cellular interplay between tumor cells and macrophages in an AKT-dependent manner. EMThigh-AKT subtype is both unresectable and drug resistant while EMThigh-NOS subtype can be treated with cell cycle related drugs. Importantly, AKT activation in EMThigh-AKT not only enhances EMT process, but also contributes to the immunosuppressive microenvironment. By remodeling tumor immune-microenvironment by AKT inhibition, EMThigh-AKT can be treated by immune checkpoint blockade therapies. Meanwhile, we develop TumorMT website (http://tumormt.neuroscience.org.cn/) to apply this EMT classification and provide reasonable therapeutic guidance.
Neuronal gene expression in two generations of the marine parasitic worm, Cryptocotyle lingua
Authors: Tolstenkov Oleg , Chatzigeorgiou Marios , Gorbushin Alexander
Published: December 2023

Trematodes, or flukes, undergo intricate anatomical and behavioral transformations during their life cycle, yet the functional changes in their nervous system remain poorly understood. We investigated the molecular basis of nervous system function in Cryptocotyle lingua, a species of relevance for fisheries. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a streamlined molecular toolkit with the absence of key signaling pathways and ion channels. Notably, we observed the loss of nitric oxide synthase across the Platyhelminthes. Furthermore, we identified upregulated neuronal genes in dispersal larvae, including those involved in aminergic pathways, synaptic vesicle trafficking, TRPA channels, and surprisingly nitric oxide receptors. Using neuronal markers and in situ hybridization, we hypothesized their functional relevance to larval adaptations and host-finding strategies. Additionally, employing a behavior quantification toolkit, we assessed cercaria motility, facilitating further investigations into the behavior and physiology of parasitic flatworms. This study enhances our understanding of trematode neurobiology and provides insights for targeted antiparasitic strategies.
Heat stress vulnerability and critical environmental limits for older adults
Authors: Tony Wolf S. , Cottle Rachel M. , Fisher Kat G. , Vecellio Daniel J. , Larry Kenney W.
Published: December 2023

The present study examined heat stress vulnerability of apparently healthy older vs. young adults and characterized critical environmental limits for older adults in an indoor setting at rest (Rest) and during minimal activity associated with activities of daily living. Critical environmental limits are combinations of ambient temperature and humidity above which heat balance cannot be maintained (i.e., becomes uncompensable) for a given metabolic heat production. Here we exposed fifty-one young (23 ± 4 yrs) and 49 older (71 ± 6 yrs) adults to progressive heat stress across a wide range of environments in an environmental chamber during Minimal Activity (young and older subjects) and Rest (older adults only). Heat compensability curves were shifted leftward for older adults indicating age-dependent heat vulnerablity (p < 0.01). During Minimal Activity, critical environmental limits were lower in older compared to young adults (p < 0.0001) and lower than those at Rest (p < 0.0001). These data document heat vulnerability of apparently healthy older adults and define critical environmental limits for indoor settings in older adults at rest and during activities of daily living, and can be used to develop evidence-based recommendations to minimize the deleterious impacts of extreme heat events in this population.
A cell-free strategy for host-specific profiling of intracellular antibiotic sensitivity and resistance
Authors: Chengan Kameshwari , Hind Charlotte , Stanley Maria , Wand Matthew E. , Nagappa Lakshmeesha K. , Howland Kevin , Hanson Tanith , Martín-Escolano Rubén , Tsaousis Anastasios D. , Bengoechea José A. , Mark Sutton J. , Smales Christopher M. , Moore Simon J.
Published: December 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pandemic spread across multiple infectious disease-causing microbes. To provide a host-specific tool to study antibiotic susceptibility and resistance, here we develop Klebsiella pneumoniae cell-free gene expression (CFE) systems from laboratory and clinical isolates. Using proteomics, we identify relative differences and unique proteins for these new CFE systems in comparison to an Escherichia coli MG1655 CFE model. Then we profile antimicrobial susceptibility in parallel with whole cells to quantify CFE antibiotic potency. Finally, we apply this native CFE tool to study AMR variants at a proof-of-concept level. Definably we show that RpoB H526L confers a 58-fold increase in CFE resistance to rifampicin—a genotype observed in rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. Overall, we provide a cell-free synthetic biology strategy for the profiling of antibiotic sensitivity and resistance from K. pneumoniae. While initial extract processing requires Biosafety Level 2, the CFE system is non-living, suitable for long-term storage and study in a Biosafety Level 1 lab. We anticipate the K. pneumoniae CFE bioassay is advantageous for host-specific antimicrobial testing, the characterisation of intracellular AMR variants and potentially structure-activity relationship studies.
Democrats are better than Republicans at discerning true and false news but do not have better metacognitive awareness
Authors: Dobbs Mitch , DeGutis Joseph , Morales Jorge , Joseph Kenneth , Swire-Thompson Briony
Published: December 2023

Insight into one’s own cognitive abilities is one important aspect of metacognition. Whether this insight varies between groups when discerning true and false information has yet to be examined. We investigated whether demographics like political partisanship and age were associated with discernment ability, metacognitive efficiency, and response bias for true and false news. Participants rated the veracity of true and false news headlines and provided confidence ratings for each judgment. We found that Democrats and older adults were better at discerning true and false news than Republicans and younger adults. However, all demographic groups maintained good insight into their discernment ability. Although Republicans were less accurate than Democrats, they slightly outperformed Democrats in metacognitive efficiency when a politically equated item set was used. These results suggest that even when individuals mistake misinformation to be true, they are aware that they might be wrong.
Hair Analysis and Doping Control
Authors: Gheddar Laurie , Kintz Pascal
Published: December 2023

Hair analysis has been used in forensic toxicology for about 50 years. In the anti-doping laboratories accredited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), the matrices usually used are urine and blood. In a case of an adverse result, it is up to the athlete to prove their innocence. The athlete can therefore request additional and alternative analyses such as hair analysis. Hair has many advantages, such as the possibility to establish a consumption profile or differentiate a single dose from repeated consumption. Nevertheless, it has some limitations such as poor incorporation of acidic and neutral molecules, and the impossibility to discriminate exposure routes. The limitations and the advantages of hair should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results. In some cases, a hair test can document dietary or environmental contamination. To date, at least one prohibited molecule per class from the WADA list has been detected in hair, except for peptide hormones. However, although there are many data available for common drugs of abuse, controlled studies are lacking for some classes such as anabolic steroids. Given the benefits offered by hair but also the known limitations, this analysis should be considered as a complement and not an alternative, as stated in the WADA regulations.
A review on the surface modification of materials for 3D-printed diagnostic devices
Authors: Deka Mridupaban , Sinha Nibedita , Das Rajkamal , Hazarika Nihal Kumar , Das Hrishikesh , Daurai Bethuel , Gogoi Manashjit
Published: December 2023

Three-dimensional (3D) printing in tissue engineering and biosensing of analytes by using biocompatible materials or modifying surface structures is an upcoming area of study.
Recent advances in composite hydrogels: synthesis, classification, and application in the treatment of bone defects
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Qi Jin , Zhang Ran , Zhao Yifan , Yan Jingyu , Gong Yajuan , Liu Xiaoming , Zhang Binbin , Wu Xiao , Wu Xiuping , Zhang Cheng , Zhao Bing , Li Bing
Published: December 2023

Bone defects are often difficult to treat due to their complexity and specificity, and therefore pose a serious threat to human life and health.
Mechanistic insights of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction by Mn complexes: synergistic effects of the ligands
Authors: Sun Haitao , Liu Xueqing , Li Yafeng , Zhang Fang , Huang Xiuxiu , Sun Chuanzhi , Huang Fang
Published: December 2023

A comprehensive theoretical investigation of CO2 electroreduction catalyzed by pyrox- and bpy-Mn complexes reveals that the synergistic modulation of axial and heterocyclic ligands enables low overpotential and high catalytic activity.
An all-electrochem-active silicon anode enabled by spontaneous Li–Si alloying for ultra-high performance solid-state batteries
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Sun Zhefei , Han Xiang , Liu Yan , Pei Shanpeng , Li Yahui , Luo Linshan , Su Pengfei , Lan Chaofei , Zhang Ziqi , Xu Shaowen , Guo Shengshi , Huang Wei , Chen Songyan , Wang Ming-Sheng
Published: December 2023

An all-electrochem-active Si/Li21Si5 anode was designed, in which the Li21Si5 served as efficient ionic/electronic channel and expansion buffer. It achieved an ultra-high ICE of 97.8% and a low expansion rate of 18.8% at a capacity of 17.9 mA h cm−2.
Fatty acid isomerism: analysis and selected biological functions
Authors: Wang Zhen , Yang Tingxiang , Brenna J. Thomas , Wang Dong Hao
Published: December 2023

The biological functions of fatty acids and the lipids in which they are esterified are determined by their chain length, double bond position and geometry and other structural motifs such as the presence of methyl branches.
Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with bone health measured by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound: a large cross-sectional analysis in children and adolescents
Authors: Xiong Ting , Wu Yuanjue , Li Yan , Chen Wenjing , Zhang Ziyang , Lu Wenlong , He Min , Chen Liangkai , Tang Yuhan , Yao Ping , Xiong Jingfan , Li Yanyan
Published: December 2023

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone health; however, findings in children and adolescents remain inconsistent, and few studies have examined its impact on bone health measured by quantitative ultrasound (QUS).
Diastereoselective synthesis of trans-2,3-dihydroindoles via formal [4 + 1] annulation reactions of a sulfonium ylide
Authors: Jain Anshul , Kumari Akanksha , Metre Ramesh K. , Rana Nirmal K.
Published: December 2023

We have established an in situ generated sulfonium-ylide mediated annulation to construct 2,3-disubstituted-2,3-dihydroindoles and extended to construct dihydrobenzofurans.
Selective electrochemical acceptorless dehydrogenation reactions of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives
Authors: Li Pan , Tian Yue , Tian Lifang , Wang Yahui
Published: December 2023

The selective formation of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines was achieved by incapacitating their further oxidation through an in situ protonation with an external Brønsted acid.
Adjustable comb/bottlebrush fast UV-curable epoxy-based form-stable phase change materials with high encapsulation rates and ultralow enthalpy loss
Authors: Fan Yu , Li Yanyun , Tang Xinyuan , Zhang Junying , Cheng Jue , Lian Qingsong
Published: December 2023

The design strategy of reliable epoxy-based FSPCMs with fast UV-curable performance or self-healing behavior.
Construction of C2-indolyl-quaternary centers by branch-selective allylation: enabling concise total synthesis of the (±)-mersicarpine alkaloid
Authors: Ghosh Minakshi , Sahu Samrat , Saha Shuvendu , Maji Modhu Sudan
Published: December 2023

Herein we report a branch-selective allylation strategy for accessing C2-indolyl-all-carbon quaternary centers using allylboronic acids and implemented this method for the total synthesis of the mersicarpine alkaloid.
Hypergolic ionic liquids: to be or not to be?
Authors: Biswas Souvick , Fujioka Kazuumi , Antonov Ivan , Rizzo Grace L. , Chambreau Steven D. , Schneider Stefan , Sun Rui , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: December 2023

Exploiting droplet merging in an ultrasonic levitator along with an array of high-speed imaging and spectroscopic detections and electronic structure calculations, the traditional concept of hypergolic ionic liquids is challenged.
Manganese-based A-site high-entropy perovskite oxide for solar thermochemical hydrogen production
Authors: Liu Cijie , Zhang Dawei , Li Wei , Trindell Jamie A. , King Keith A. , Bishop Sean R. , Sugar Joshua D. , McDaniel Anthony H. , Smith Andrew I. , Salinas Perla A. , Coker Eric N. , Clauser Arielle L. , Velayutham Murugesan , Neuefeind Joerg C. , Yang Jingjing , De Santiago Héctor A. , Ma Liang , Wang Yi , Wang Qiang , Li Wenyuan , Wang Qingsong , Li Qingyuan , Tian Hanchen , Ngan Tran Ha Ngoc , Li Xuemei , Robinson Brandon , Deibel Angela M. , Collins Gregory , Thieu Nhat Anh , Hu Jianli , Khramtsov Valery V. , Luo Jian , Liu Xingbo
Published: December 2023

The A-site high-entropy perovskite oxide (La1/6Pr1/6Nd1/6Gd1/6Sr1/6Ba1/6)MnO3 with enhanced hydrogen production, phase stability, and surface oxygen exchange kinetics, offering the potential for tailoring properties in the STCH application.
Visualization and evaluation of lithium diffusion at grain boundaries in Li0.29La0.57TiO3 solid electrolytes using secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Hasegawa Gen , Kuwata Naoaki , Ohnishi Tsuyoshi , Takada Kazunori
Published: December 2023

Understanding Li diffusion at interfaces in solid-state Li batteries is essential to improving their performance (e.g., rate capabilities and energy densities).
Opportunity to utilize the citizen lawsuit mechanism for environmental protection
Authors: Hermawan Sapto , Suntoro Agus , Aji Utomo Nurrahman
Published: December 2023

Citizen lawsuits have become an adequate mechanism to control government actions related to environmental issues. The dynamics of citizen lawsuit decisions are developing positively, but behind the absence of regulation, the pattern of decisions is highly dependent on judicial activism. Meanwhile, constitutional guarantees only sometimes make the Government improve to manage responsibilities in environmental management. This paper uses normative legal research methods. A citizen lawsuit with an environmental aspect is a form of environmental right that includes access to information, the right to participate, and access to justice. Public distrust of the Government in environmental governance is manifested in civil lawsuits as a form of citizen control over government actions. Public trust finally transferred to the judiciary with a breakthrough in the citizen lawsuit mechanism based on judicial activism. This evidence can be seen from the characteristics of the Judge’s decision that have led to something constructive in environmental management by assessing that the Government and the Defendants have committed acts against the law. However, it has not explicitly used rights-based arguments and the principle of intergenerational justice in the environment and natural resource conflicts.
Flood disaster mitigation measure recommendations based on flood hazard and risk assessment: a case study in Brebes Regency, North Coast of Java
Authors: Nika Purnomo Sanidhya , Widiyanto Wahyu , Dwi Novyanto Aditya , Indah Pratiwi Annisa
Published: December 2023

The concern over floods in the northern coast of Java is more pronounced. The increasing frequency of flood events, material damage and death rates underscore the importance of integrated efforts in controlling floods there. Brebes Regency has good prospects for economic growth and infrastructure. However, because its location on the north coast of Java makes it vulnerable to flooding. Considering this, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of flood hazards and risk assessment in Brebes Regency, as part of efforts to mitigate flood disasters and encourage the development of Brebes Regency as a resilient city. Flood hazard and risk assessment involves the use of spatial analysis techniques, which include the process of examining the level of vulnerability, determining flood hazard zones, and creating a flood risk map. Vulnerability analysis incorporates land use, population density, and economic activities. Flood hazard zoning assessment were carried out using rainfall data, tidal water levels and topography. The findings of the risk assessment indicate that the northern region of Brebes Regency has a high level of risk of flooding. Moreover, these flood risk maps can serve as a valuable tool to inform and guide the development of flood mitigation strategies and infrastructure.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on travel preferences by students in Padang City
Authors: Kurniati Titi , Yosritzal  , Sri Ramadhani Alda
Published: December 2023

The use of public transportation after implementing the Level 3 Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) policy during the COVID-19 pandemic has become a challenge for students. This study aims to determine the effect of applying PPKM rules in using public transportation among students using descriptive statistics compared to conditions before the pandemic and determining the probability of high school students in Padang using public transportation during PPKM rules. Data were obtained from 425 respondents using a web-based questionnaire survey. The pandemic had an impact on reducing student allowances per week by 26% because school lasted three days out of 6 days per week; there was a decrease in the frequency of using public transportation 4-9 times/more per week by 22.4% The opposite occurs in the use of private vehicles. Travel with a frequency of >7 times/week increased by 31.4% during the pandemic. The resulting utility model is expressed in multiple linear regression equations. The utility model of using public transportation for high school students in Padang: Y(AUK-AUO) = 0.577 + (-0.039) Δtime + (- 0.072) Δcost +0.848 health protocols applied; (R2=0.26). Furthermore, the travel fare difference attribute was the most influential attribute of students’ probability to use conventional public transportation.
Rapid assessment of the public buildings after the February 25th, 2022 West Pasaman Earthquake
Authors: Fauzan  , Anas Ismail Febrin , Aryo Agista Geby , Prita Melinda Annisa
Published: December 2023

The earthquake that occurred on February 25th, 2022 (6.2 M) and the aftershock in the West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra Province has caused damages to infrastructure and community settlements. One of those affected by the Pasaman Earthquake 2022 are public buildings. To determine the level of public building damage, an assessment should be carried out before reoccupying the buildings. In this study, a rapid assessment of damaged public buildings was conducted after the Pasaman Earthquake by the Disaster Study Center of Andalas University team. The assessed buildings include the buildings of Balerong Hall, Ibnu Sina Hospital, Grand Mosque, Population and Civil Registration Agency (Disdukcapil) office, Regional Public Hospital, and Elementary School (SDN) 22 of Talamau. The results of the assessment show that in general, these public buildings have non-structural damages, such as cracks in the walls and ceiling crashes from their positions. Meanwhile, in the buildings of Elementary School (SDN) 22 Talamau, Grand Mosque, and Disdukcapil, it is found that there are some structural damages observed, such as cracks on the columns. The main factor causing the damage is the low quality of the concrete in the columns. Recommendations for repairing the damaged building are also discussed in this study.
Seismic hazard analysis on Solok Regency, West Sumatra to support local government development program
Authors: Mayang Sari Anggun , Fakhrurrozi Afnindar , Arisal Andria , Setiadi Bambang , Gusti Putra Hendri , Nafri  , Abu Bakar Rabieahtul , Ramli Zamri
Published: December 2023

Solok Regency is an administrative area located in West Sumatra that is currently carrying out disaster mitigation programs. Mostly, major infrastructure such as the Solok Local Government Buildings Complex, school facilities, hospital buildings, and many dense residential buildings are scattered over this area. One notable event happened on September 30, 2009, which forced the local government to take serious prevention steps to reduce casualties and damages in the future. Furthermore, there is a need to develop a comprehensive study to analyze the seismic hazards by determining the value of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at the bedrock. The analysis was carried out using the Probability Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) by calculating several seismic sources towards Solok regency by a radius of 500 kilometers from the Arosuka area for a 2475-year return period. The result showed a PGA value of 1.052g on Arosuka, Solok regency, while the Openquake platform shows the range of PGA values varies from 0.576g – 1.368g. The PGA values were then visualized into a seismic hazard map using a geographic information system (GIS). In addition, these scientific results are used as basic information to estimate the seismic vulnerability to support the disaster risk reduction program in West Sumatra.
Investigation of the accuracy of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) in measuring full-field strain for timber materials
Authors: Prita Melinda Annisa , Satria Yoresta Fengky , Higuchi Shogo , Yamazaki Yosuke , Matsumoto Yukihiro
Published: December 2023

As one of the most successful techniques in experimental mechanics, digital image correlation (DIC) has been widely used to measure the motion and deformation of solid materials, especially in situations where non-contact measurement is required. This study describes and provides a comprehensive overview of the application of DIC using the open-source platform Ncorr on orthotropic materials. Orthotropic materials are a subset of anisotropic materials; their properties depend on the direction in which they are measured. Deformation displacement and in-plane strain in two directions are extracted from digital image correlation using a reference image recorded during the experiment. Tests are carried out on Laminated Veneer Lumber timber specimens according to the ASTM standard to determine the mechanical properties of materials under compression. DIC has proven to be a reliable, consistent, and cost-effective non-contact deformation measurement method that can assist in the extraction of mechanical properties of orthotropic materials. This study also showed that DIC analysis with a natural timber grain can be used to measure the displacement and strain fields of the material.
Geographic information system earthquake and tsunami early warning in Padang City
Authors: Sularno  , Prima Mulya Dio , Muzawi Rometdo
Published: December 2023

Padang city is one of the areas prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. With this fact, the city government of Padang created a number of gathering points or shelters equipped with evacuation routes for residents of Padang city. Likewise in West Padang District which is the area closest to the beach and has a high population. From the results of the data collected, then the authors use the Research and Development method. From the results of this study, an Android-based Geographical Information System (GIS) was designed, information can be conveyed in a visual form in which there is information related to tsunami evacuation routes and education in dealing with the Potential Mentawai Megathrust disaster. In addition, the application developed has been able to produce information on the location of the disaster, route information to the evacuation point, and safety guidance when a disaster occurs. So that people can easily find out the evacuation route to a safe place and reduce the risk impact of future natural disasters.
An evaluation of the implementation of the disaster resilient village program in Padang Pariaman regency
Authors: Fajria Resti , Putera Roni Ekha , Ariany Ria
Published: December 2023

The objective of this research is to describe an evaluation of the implementation of the Disaster Resilient Village program in Padang Pariaman Regency with the locus in Nagari Katapiang, Nagari Seulayat Ulakan and Nagari Tapakih. This research uses interviews and literature. The Disaster Resilient Village Program is a program that aims to increase the capacity of Nagari to become toug`1h and independent in managing the disasters. Geographically, the Padang Pariaman Regency area, which is located along the coast of the island of Sumatra, is an area that has the potential for disaster. The presence of the Disaster Resilient Village program is one of the community-based disaster risk reduction efforts which aims to enable the communities to be independent and adaptable in facing the threat of disaster. Therefore, it is important to have an evaluation study in assessing the sustainability of this program. Evaluation of the implementation of the Disaster Resilient Village program can be seen from various points of view, one of which is the input, output, process and outcome of the program.
Analysis of building structure performance due to earthquake load with time history analysis method using ETABS (Extended Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems) software (case study: the faculty of medicine building at IGM University)
Authors: Wibowo Bagus , Nisumanti Sartika , Febryandi
Published: December 2023

The inability of a building to withstand deviations due to earthquake strength exceeding the required safe limit is one of the factors causing the collapse of the building. Mitigation efforts that can be made to overcome the impact of earthquakes include evaluating the performance of building structures. In this study, the Faculty of Medicine building at Indo Global Mandiri University was evaluated using the time history analysis method using ETABS V.18. The results of the analysis showed that for the El Centro (1940), Mentawai-West Sumatra (2007), and Chihuahua (2010) earthquakes, based on the value of inter-level drift and maximum inter-level drift on the effect of planned earthquake loads, the service limit performance was fewer than 0.017 meters and the ultimate limit performance was fewer than 0.080 meters, so it has met permit requirements according to the Indonesian standard (SNI 1726-2019) and is included in the safe category. Based on the performance of ATC-40 obtained for the El Centro (1940) and the Mentawai-West Sumatra (2007), it produced the performance level of the structure "Immediate Occupancy", while when subjected to the load of the Chihuahua (2010), it produced the performance level of the structure "Damage Control".
Preparedness of tsunami 2004 affected school: a case study of senior high school in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Kamal Muhammad , Abubakar Yusya , Oktari Rina Suryani , Yaacob Safar
Published: December 2023

Aceh Besar and Aceh Jaya districts are the areas of Aceh that were affected by the earthquake and tsunami that occurred in 2004. The school is one of the communities most at risk of being affected by the earthquake and tsunami. Besides that, it is a place for developing an education model for earthquake preparedness and tsunamis. As an area prone to earthquakes and tsunamis, the preparedness of education units is urgently needed to prevent casualties. This study aims to determine the level of preparedness of school institutions, teachers, and students. Data were obtained from two public senior high schools in Aceh Besar and Aceh Jaya by distributing survey questionnaires, observations, and documentation. A total of 44 teachers and 173 students participated in this study.
Subsurface identification in the Surabaya and Waru segment areas using the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method
Authors: Gustono Sandy Tri , Sucipto Ari , Permana Dadang , Akbar Dzikrullah
Published: December 2023

Surabaya, especially the western part of Surabaya, has a diverse geological structure. As part of the Kendeng Zone, Surabaya has sedimentary rock formations that form anticlines and alluvium formations. In addition, the Kendeng Fault passes through Surabaya (Surabaya Segment and Waru Segment). This study aims to identify the structure of the soil to a depth of 30 meters using the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method which will be further processed into 2D slices with a North-South orientation. This research uses 11 field observation data from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency in 2020 and 2023. The results of the 2D slices show that the range of Vs30 values is in the range of 92.8 m/s - 213.6 m/s and the Vs values for each depth layer are in the range of 88 m/s - 245 m/s. Based on SNI 1726:2019, both ranges indicate the classification of soft soil (SE) to medium soil (SD). The 2D section also shows a clear anticline on the section and the alleged Kendeng Fault.
Multi-storey precast retaining walls to prevent landslides: derivation of the basic formula
Authors: Hakam Abdul , Adji Bayu M. , Hape Shafira R. , Junaidi  , Nur Oscar F.
Published: December 2023

Landslides can involve both large and small soil masses. Many geotechnical researchers focus on large-scale landslide problems. The retaining walls required for large landslides also involve large dimensions. The national standards also only cover the dimension of retaining needed to prevent large landslides. There are landslides that only involve small masses of soil. For this reason, the needed retaining walls are also in small dimensions. Small retaining wall dimensions do not need to follow national standards for maintaining the efficiency and effectiveness of application. In this paper, a precast retaining wall is designed which is used to retain soil on a relatively small scale. The designed retaining wall can be used also in multi-level to restrain the larger landslide. There are three main elements of the retaining wall: base plate, wall plate, and connector beam. The retaining wall elements are made of concrete material with bar reinforcement and wire mesh. The weight of each wall element is less than 50kg so it is portable. The wall prototype has been made and is ready to be applied in the areas with potential landslides.
Design of a Food Conveyor and Virus Disinfection Machine
Authors: Kevin Vega-Rojas Jhonatan , Mijail Zevallos-Cristomo Nikolt , Edson Medina-Camacho Gerald , Justiniano-Medina Albert , Arrieta-Conde Joaquin , Michael Beraún-Espiritu Manuel
Published: December 2023

Food, due to its high handling, is more prone to contamination. This damage not only occurs when it comes into contact with the customer and the seller, but it can also occur at any stage of the food production chain because the products pass from hand to hand and from place to place, so it is necessary to perform its disinfection constantly at least 3 times a day. Currently, it has been identified that at the production stage, food can be affected if contaminated freezers are used either for washing, packaging, or cooling. During the slaughter process, microbes surrounding the slaughtered animal can end up in the final meat products. If any microbes contaminate the food processing lines, they can spread and affect other foods in contact. According to the WHO (World Health Organization), it is estimated that around 600 million people worldwide fall ill from contaminated food every year and 420 000 die from contaminated food; Therefore, it is proposed the design of a food transport and virus disinfection machine that will be composed of a mechanical chassis, which contains four wheels for industrial transport and support 1 conveyor belt that will be controlled by a remote control system, and communication between patient and nurse by means of a Tablet, controlled by an application for better communication and to maintain the distance by established protocols. The machine will have the ability to disinfect food either with or without wrappers, and the Tablet will allow the nurse to know if the patient has any discomfort or any inconvenience when giving food through the machine, which proposes a control system and communication through the application, as well as the sink that will have the machine for proper cleaning and disinfection of the patient's hands, managing to reach a design proposal for a food transport machine and disinfect bacteria or viruses in the environment.
Energetic and Economic Viability of off-grid PV-BESS for Charging Electric Vehicles: Case Study of Yogyakarta
Authors: Adhi Rachmanto Rendy , Purnomo Ahmad , Ubaidillah  , Dwi Prasetyo Singgih , Yohana Eflita , Widhiyanuriyawan Denny , Arifin Zainal
Published: December 2023

Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage System (PV-BESS) is a system for utilizing solar energy. The off-grid PV-BEES design is used for vehicle electric charging stations to ensure the security of the electricity supply and is economically feasible. The HOMER application is used in this study to simulate energetic and economic feasibility. As a result, the offgrid system produces energy of 474,027 kWh/year, consumes energy of 1,957 kWh/year, the excess energy of 471,968 kWh/year, and the value of NPC, COE, ROI is Rp.733,403,300.00, Rp.17,783.04 and -7% respectively. At the same time, the improvised system, by turning it into an on-grid, produces energy, consumed energy, and excess energy of 553,985 kWh/year, 517,790 kWh/year, and 14,410 kWh/year, respectively. For the value of NPC, COE, and ROI, respectively, Rp.934,259,900, Rp.85.63, 46.6%. Finally, it can be said that offgrid PV-BESS is a practical choice for doing more than only lowering emissions by utilizing solar energy. Off-grid PV-BEES has a tremendous excess energy of 471,968 kWh annually. According to energy analysis, it has a high COE value. Propose to Improve an on-grid system. Improvements were made that allow excess energy to be shared with other customers. According to economic analysis, this makes the system more cost-effective, with a potential payback in the second year.
Solar Air Heater Thermal Performance Enhancement using V-Up Continuous Ribs
Authors: Maulana Ibrahim Panji , Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana Dominicus , Yaningsih Indri , Rio Prabowo Aditya , Harsito Catur , Enoki Koji , Endra Juwana Wibawa , Indro Cahyono Sukmaji
Published: December 2023

The viability of renewable energy sources (emphasizing solar energy) helps reduce the barrier of fossil energy depletion. Despite the issue of low thermal performance, different techniques are projected to gain high energy to boost the heat transfer for the solar energy system. This experimental work evaluates the thermal performance enhancement of two designed solar air heaters with and without V-rib (smooth plate). Using V-up continuous ribs, the impact of various attack angles (α) at 30°, 45°, and 60° on the thermal-hydraulic performance of artificially roughened solar air heater duct is investigated. Thermal performance consideration involves the intensification of heat transfer (Nusselt Number, Nu) and diminution of friction factor (f). The tests were performed as an indoor experiment where the intensity of solar energy was simulated by heating the absorber plate using the electric heater to gain 1000 W/m2 of constant heat flux. Furthermore, adjusting the air-flow rates provides the Reynolds number (Re) values between 3480 – 9980. The results showed that the solar air heater with V-up continuous ribs experienced the maximum thermal performance when α reached 60° then gradually decreased with increasing of α. Compared with the smooth plate, the presence of Vribs in solar air heaters gained a higher value of Nu, f, and thermal-hydraulic performance. Adjusting the α at 30°, 45°, and 60° of V-up continuous ribs improves the Nu in the maximum value of 123% for α of 60°as compared to those of the smooth tube. Besides, it also occurs that the maximum increment of f and thermal performance factor was 2.85 times and 1.26 for α of 60°. Moreover, empirical correlations developed from current results can predict the Nu and f with a reasonable agreement between the experimental predicted values.
The Effect of Heating Variations on the Mechanical Strength of Hyacinth Fibers
Authors: Dewi Kusuma , Wisnu Raharjo Wijang , Kusharjanta Bambang
Published: December 2023

Composite properties are determined by the properties of the fiber, matrix, and bonds formed between the fiber and the matrix. Improvement of fiber properties can be done by heat treatment. The effect of heating temperature on the mechanical strength of single water hyacinth fibers is the subject of this study. This study aimed to investigate the effect of heating temperature variations on the mechanical strength of a single water hyacinth fiber. The manufacture of water hyacinth fiber specimens refers to ASTM C1557. The research method used involved heating water hyacinth fibers at various temperatures, namely 60, 80, 100, and 120 0C for 60 minutes each. These fibers are heated in the oven at these temperature variations, and then tested for mechanical strength. The data obtained is used to analyze the effect of heating temperature variations on water hyacinth mechanical fiber strength. The results showed that heating significantly affected the mechanical strength of water hyacinth fibers. The tensile strength of water hyacinth fiber continued to increase at heat treatment up to 1000C and decreased at above heat treatment. This research contributes to the development of better and more sustainable configurations of natural fibers.