bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asset Allocation: An Application Of The Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Le Steven V.
Published: February 2016

The objective of this paper is to develop a theoretically sound approach for determining the appropriateness of an investment allocation for a particular investor. A methodology using an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is suggested as a means of formalizing the process of determining the suitability of a potential investment portfolio to a potential investor. The AHP has been applied to a variety of business decisions and processes requiring high degrees of subjective judgment. The result of this model is an asset allocation scheme tailored to the specific requirements of an individual investor. Although the AHP process is a subjective weighting technique that relies upon the judgment of the decision-maker, it does so in a manner that is more systematic and consistent than traditional subjective decision-making.
Four Decades Of African American Portrayals In Magazine Advertising
Authors: Stevenson Thomas H.
Published: February 2016

This paper examines the frequency of black portrayals as well as the occupations and racial compositions employed in ads depicting blacks in four mass circulation consumer magazines over four decades The portrayal of African Americans in advertising has been of interest to marketers for more than half a century. However, few studies have spanned multiple decades and very few have been extended into the 21st century. This study extends a previous paper (Stevenson 1999) addressing the portrayal of blacks in the consumer print media. Through the use of content analysis, more than 1500 ads were analyzed in these magazines for the years 1975, 1985, 1995, and 2005.  Findings indicate that there were significant increases in the numbers of blacks portrayed in the magazines analyzed in this study. It was also determined that where blacks were portrayed in occupational roles, most depictions were “above skilled labor” and that most portrayals utilized mixed peer rather than non-mixed peer depictions. Findings are compared to previous studies, managerial implications are considered, and suggestions for future research are offered.
Aspek Hukum Pendaftaran Tanah Bekas Milik Asing sebagai Aset Pemerintah Daerah
Authors: Nur Sri Susyanti
Published: February 2016

Tanah sebagai aset pemerintah dapat berasal dari tanah-tanah bekas milik asing yang berasal dari tanah-tanah milik Cina dan perusahaan-perusahaan Belanda. Tanah sebagai aset pemerintah daerah diakui setelah dilakukan pendaftaran tanah/bersertifikat. Dalam penguasaan, pemanfaatan, dan pengelolaannya oleh instansi pemerintah haruslah berdasarkan pada Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 17 Tahun 2007 tentang Petunjuk teknis Pengelolaan Barang Milik Daerah (BMD) agar memberikan manfaat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa status hukum tanah aset daerah di kota Makassar yang berasal dari kepemilikan asing (Cina dan Belanda) ada yang telah berstatus Tanah Hak namun masih ada pula yang berstatus Tanah Negara/belum bersertifikat, disebabkan kendala pensertifikatan tanah aset daerah bekas milik asing Cina dan Belanda dari aspek peraturan perundang-undangan dan aspek administrasi.
Antinomi dalam Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia
Authors: Mochtar Zainal Arifin
Published: February 2016

Realita banyaknya undang-undang produksi DPR dan Presiden yang dibatalkan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi, terjadi sebagai akibat materi muatan undang-undang tersebut yang jamak mencermikan ketidakadilan dan ketidakpastian hukum. Tingginya angka judicial review menjadi sinyal kurang terakomodasinya kepentingan dan hak-hak warga negara dalam sebuah produk perundang-undangan. Tidak adanya keharmonisan pengaturan yang dilakukan DPR itulah yang memberi dampak pada jamaknya undang-undang yang digugat. Tulisan ini mencoba mendeskripsikan beberapa perdebatan antinomi yang mewarnai eksistensi perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, antinomi— pertentangan—norma dalam peraturan perundang-undangan adalah satu hal yang sulit terhindarkan, apalagi mengingat buruknya proses legislasi di DPR saat ini. Dalam setiap pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan, sinkronisasi dan harmonisasi norma bukanlah satu titik tekan yang utama, melainkan terkalahkan oleh politik transaksional antarfraksi di DPR yang justru tampak lebih dominan. Namun bilamana pertentangan norma tersebut justru membentuk satu aturan hukum yang simultan, dinamis, dan memenuhi cita hukum, tentu tidak menjadi persoalan. Selama tidak menimbulkan kerugian bagi pemenuhan hakhak konstitusional (constitutional rights) warga negara.
Is Green Product Purchasing an Innovative Or Conspicuous Behavior?
Authors: Park Kyutae , Lee Kyootai
Published: February 2016

We investigated the influence of consumer innovativeness and public self-consciousness on green product purchasing behaviors (e.g., decision to purchase and pay a premium price). We conducted 2 experiments on 2 green products (mineral water and a car) with undergraduate students (N
= 303) in Korea. The results revealed that consumer innovativeness played a generally marginal role in green product purchasing decisions, whereas public self-consciousness figured importantly in such decisions. However, public self-consciousness had no influence when products did not have
logos identifying them as being green. In addition, the influence of the 2 variables on the purchasing behaviors was found to be contingent on the type of product. On the basis of these findings, we concluded that green product purchasing behaviors more closely reflect conspicuousness, rather
than innovativeness.
Environmental changes in the catchment of the Jarosławianka Stream recorded in mill pond deposits
Authors: Florek Wacław , Jonczak Jerzy , Niska Monika , Pasamonik Iwona
Published: February 2016

Interdisciplinary studies on environmental evolution during the last 650 years based on the analysis of mill pond deposits have been conducted in the valley of the Jarosławianka Stream (left-bank tributary of the River Wieprza). According to historical data, confirmed also by radiocarbon dating, the water mill was located in the valley in 1351 and operated until the 1960s. The sequence of stratified deposits with a thickness of up to about 2 metres was accumulated in mill pond basin during this period. The vertical variability in the physical and chemical properties of these deposits reflects temporal environmental changes in the catchment, particularly the intensity of chemical and mechanical denudation and human activity. Analysis of subfossil Cladocera suggests four phases in the development of the mill pond. Changing along with the intensity of the pond basin water flow, redox and nutritional conditions are reflected in the spatial variability of deposits, especially their textural parameters, pH and abundance in organic carbon, nitrogen and carbonates.
Meteorological conditions, physiochemical properties, thermal-oxygen stratification, water overturn and water balance of Lake Gardno on Wolin Island
Authors: Tylkowski Jacek , Samołyk Mariusz
Published: February 2016

The main research problem of the paper is aimed at determining the proper functioning of Lake Gardno within the period 2012-2014 considered as hydrological years in reference to the physiochemical properties of its waters, water balance, thermal regime and water overturn. Lake Gardno is a representative of non-run-off lake geo-eco-systems; it is situated within the Southern Baltic Sea Coastland at the cliff shore of Wolin Island. The paper analyses how weather conditions affect the specifics of water supplies provided to the lake and seasonal dynamics of its waters, their chemical, thermal and aerobic properties. It also specifies their overturn and balance with a particular emphasis on their supplies together with fog deposits.
A Comparative Study of Sense of Presence of Virtual Reality and Immersive Environments
Authors: North Max M. , North Sarah M.
Published: February 2016

The study of sense of presence experienced in virtual reality environments has become an important area of research. The continued advancement of immersive technology offers more opportunities to examine how a subject becomes immersed in and interacts with a variety of virtual environments. The primary purpose of this research is to study the sense of presence while interacting with a traditional Virtual Reality Environment (Helmet-based system with a Head-tracking device) and compare it with a virtual reality environment using an Immersive Environment (Spherical-based Visualization environment). Two empirical experiments were investigated in this study, each consisting of thirty-five subjects. A virtual airplane scenario was created and simulated for the participants of both environments. Participants were given several questionnaires after completing the simulation. This study mainly focused on question 9 and 10 of that survey, which dealt with how much the participant felt present in the virtual environment, and if the presence of the real world could still be experienced while in the virtual environment. We found that the subjects felt more involved with the virtual environment while using the Immersive Environment simulation versus using the traditional helmet-based Virtual Reality Environment. There was a statistically significant difference in questions 9 and 10 between the Immersive Environment and traditional Virtual Reality Environment when those questions are considered in isolation. However there was not a significant difference in the total sense of presence between the two environments after analyzing the questions together. The primary differences between the questions were analyzed using the overall mean and the standard deviation. The Immersive Environment has a smaller deviation than the traditional Virtual Reality Environment, implying that the sense of presence response is more concentrated. However, the overall results demonstrate that both environments are almost equally effective, with the Immersive Environment having several slight advantages.
Surgical Correction of a Pseudoaneurysm in Common Femoral artery and Arteriovenous fistula between Common Femoral artery and vein, Secondary to a stab injury - Experience in CMCH.
Authors: Maruf Mohammad Fazle , Hossain Nazmul , Chowdhury Muhammad Abdul Quaium , Akter Tahmina , Dhar Sattyajit , Rahman Mamunur , Barua Subir , Mazumder Shuvashish
Published: February 2016

A 23 yrs old young man visited us with the complaints of a pulsatile mass in right groin and a thrill over the medial side of the right thigh which radiate to the hypogastric region for last 3 months following a stab injury on the lateral aspect of right upper thigh. He was diagnosed to have a pseudoaneurysm in common femoral artery and an arteriovenous fistula between common femoral artery and common femoral vein in same region by vascular duplex scanning and CT angiogram. We excised the aneurysm and repaired the arteriovenous fistula tract under epidural anesthesia. Finally we repaired the severed right Common femoral artery and common femoral vein. Postoperative course was uneventful.Cardiovasc. j. 2016; 8(2): 149-154
Society news Vol.8(2)
Authors: Editor The
Published: February 2016

Abstract not availableCardiovasc. j. 2016; 8(2): 169
Mechanistic Understanding of Contact Allergy
Authors: Martin Stefan
Published: February 2016

Cosmetic products contain potential contact allergens or precursors that require metabolic conversion or oxidation to generate contact allergens. The most relevant contact allergens are fragrances and preservatives. These substances can pose hazards to human health due to their ability to activate T cells that can cause allergic contact dermatitis, an inflammatory skin disease. In recent years, much progress has been made in the elucidation of the mechanistic basis for immune system activation by contact allergens. This is essential for the development of better diagnostic tools, targeted therapies and animal-free in vitro assays for contact allergen identification. This overview will highlight some aspects of the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses by contact allergens.
A Comparative Study of Open and Closed Heat-Engines for Small-Scale CHP Applications
Authors: Eames Ian , Evans Kieran , Pickering Stephen
Published: February 2016

In this paper the authors compare and contrast open and closed-cycle heat engines. First of all, by way of example and to aid discussion, the performance of proprietary externally heated closed-cycle Stirling engines is compared with that of internally heated open Otto cycle engines. Both types of engine have disadvantages and merits and this suggested that in order to accommodate the best of both engine types an externally-heated open-cycle engine might offer a more satisfactory solution for small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) systems. To investigate this possibility further the paper goes on to compare the performance of externally-heated and recuperated Joule hot-air cycle engines with that of an externally-heated closed Stirling cycle engines. The results show that an externally heated recuperated open Joule cycle engine can exceed that of a closed cycle Stirling engine operating between the same heat source and sink temperatures when a variable temperature heat source is used.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Pyrolusite for Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization
Authors: Wang Wenhao , Wu Fuzhong , Wang Keke , Jin Huixin
Published: February 2016

Various approaches to flue gas desulfurization by low-grade manganese and high efficiency desulfurization in sintering enterprises were investigated, and the predominance areas of the Mn/Fe-S-O system were constructed in this paper. Additionally, the areas in different temperatures were established based on the thermodynamic properties achieved from manuals. From the view of thermodynamics, manganese oxides were suitable and feasible for desulfurization at an appropriate temperature range from 393 K to 453 K (120 °C to 180 °C), which means that the SO2 of sintering flue gas could be removed directly without further cooling or heating. The analysis often showed that there was an overlap area of the Mn-S-O and Fe-S-O system, indicating that it would be a coexistence stability region of MnSO4 and Fe2O3, which provided a possibility of desulfurization by selective salvation without the sulfate and sulfide of iron forming. More importantly, the predominance areas of Mn/Fe-S-O would offer an attractive way of determining optimum experimental conditions for dry desulfurization by low-grade manganese resources.
Detection of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation by Some Chemicals in Food Using a Reporter Gene Assay
Authors: Amakura Yoshiaki , Tsutsumi Tomoaki , Yoshimura Morio , Nakamura Masafumi , Handa Hiroshi , Matsuda Rieko , Teshima Reiko , Watanabe Takahiro
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a simple bioassay used for the detection of dioxins (DXNs) could be applied to detect trace amounts of harmful DXN-like substances in food products. To identify substances with possible DXN-like activity, we assessed the ability of various compounds in the environment to bind the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) that binds specifically to DXNs. The compounds tested included 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 20 PAH derivatives (nitrated, halogenated, and aminated derivatives), 23 pesticides, six amino acids, and eight amino acid metabolites. The AhR binding activities (AhR activity) of these compounds were measured using the chemical activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX) reporter gene assay system. The majority of the PAHs exhibited marked AhR activity that increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, there was a positive link between AhR activity and the number of aromatic rings in the PAH derivatives. Conversely, there appeared to be a negative correlation between AhR activity and the number of chlorine residues present on halogenated PAH derivatives. However, there was no correlation between AhR activity and the number and position of substituents among nitrated and aminated derivatives. Among the pesticides tested, the indole-type compounds carbendazim and thiabendazole showed high levels of activity. Similarly, the indole compound tryptamine was the only amino acid metabolite to induce AhR activity. The results are useful in understanding the identification and characterization of AhR ligands in the CALUX assay.
Physiological Investigation and Transcriptome Analysis of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-Induced Dehydration Stress in Cassava
Authors: Fu Lili , Ding Zehong , Han Bingying , Hu Wei , Li Yajun , Zhang Jiaming
Published: February 2016

Cassava is an important tropical and sub-tropical root crop that is adapted to drought environment. However, severe drought stress significantly influences biomass accumulation and starchy root production. The mechanism underlying drought-tolerance remains obscure in cassava. In this study, changes of physiological characters and gene transcriptome profiles were investigated under dehydration stress simulated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatments. Five traits, including peroxidase (POD) activity, proline content, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar and soluble protein, were all dramatically induced in response to PEG treatment. RNA-seq analysis revealed a gradient decrease of differentially expressed (DE) gene number in tissues from bottom to top of a plant, suggesting that cassava root has a quicker response and more induced/depressed DE genes than leaves in response to drought. Overall, dynamic changes of gene expression profiles in cassava root and leaves were uncovered: genes related to glycolysis, abscisic acid and ethylene biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, protein degradation, and second metabolism of flavonoids were significantly induced, while genes associated with cell cycle/organization, cell wall synthesis and degradation, DNA synthesis and chromatin structure, protein synthesis, light reaction of photosynthesis, gibberelin pathways and abiotic stress were greatly depressed. Finally, novel pathways in ABA-dependent and ABA-independent regulatory networks underlying PEG-induced dehydration response in cassava were detected, and the RNA-Seq results of a subset of fifteen genes were confirmed by real-time PCR. The findings will improve our understanding of the mechanism related to dehydration stress-tolerance in cassava and will provide useful candidate genes for breeding of cassava varieties better adapted to drought environment.
Coefficient Inequalities of Second Hankel Determinants for Some Classes of Bi-Univalent Functions
Authors: Bharavi Sharma Rayaprolu , Rajya Laxmi Kalikota
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we investigate two sub-classes S∗ (θ, β) and K∗ (θ, β) of bi-univalent functions in the open unit disc Δ that are subordinate to certain analytic functions. For functions belonging to these classes, we obtain an upper bound for the second Hankel determinant H2 (2).
Sulfated Seaweed Polysaccharides as Multifunctional Materials in Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Cunha Ludmylla , Grenha Ana
Published: February 2016

In the last decades, the discovery of metabolites from marine resources showing biological activity has increased significantly. Among marine resources, seaweed is a valuable source of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. The cell walls of marine algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, including carrageenan in red algae, ulvan in green algae and fucoidan in brown algae. Sulfated polysaccharides have been increasingly studied over the years in the pharmaceutical field, given their potential usefulness in applications such as the design of drug delivery systems. The purpose of this review is to discuss potential applications of these polymers in drug delivery systems, with a focus on carrageenan, ulvan and fucoidan. General information regarding structure, extraction process and physicochemical properties is presented, along with a brief reference to reported biological activities. For each material, specific applications under the scope of drug delivery are described, addressing in privileged manner particulate carriers, as well as hydrogels and beads. A final section approaches the application of sulfated polysaccharides in targeted drug delivery, focusing with particular interest the capacity for macrophage targeting.
High-Resolution Classification of South Patagonian Peat Bog Microforms Reveals Potential Gaps in Up-Scaled CH4 Fluxes by use of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) and CIR Imagery
Authors: Lehmann Jan , Münchberger Wiebke , Knoth Christian , Blodau Christian , Nieberding Felix , Prinz Torsten , Pancotto Verónica , Kleinebecker Till
Published: February 2016

South Patagonian peat bogs are little studied sources of methane (CH4). Since CH4 fluxes can vary greatly on a small scale of meters, high-quality maps are needed to accurately quantify CH4 fluxes from bogs. We used high-resolution color infrared (CIR) images captured by an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) to investigate potential uncertainties in total ecosystem CH4 fluxes introduced by the classification of the surface area. An object-based approach was used to classify vegetation both on species and microform level. We achieved an overall Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA) of 0.90 for the species- and 0.83 for the microform-level classification, respectively. CH4 fluxes were determined by closed chamber measurements on four predominant microforms of the studied bog. Both classification approaches were employed to up-scale CH4 closed chamber measurements in a total area of around 1.8 hectares. Including proportions of the surface area where no chamber measurements were conducted, we estimated a potential uncertainty in ecosystem CH4 fluxes introduced by the classification of the surface area. This potential uncertainty ranged from 14.2 mg·m−2·day−1 to 26.8 mg·m−2·day−1. Our results show that a simple classification with only few classes potentially leads to pronounced bias in total ecosystem CH4 fluxes when plot-scale fluxes are up-scaled.
Mapping Plant Functional Types in Floodplain Wetlands: An Analysis of C-Band Polarimetric SAR Data from RADARSAT-2
Authors: Morandeira Natalia , Grings Francisco , Facchinetti Claudia , Kandus Patricia
Published: February 2016

The inclusion of functional approaches on wetland characterizations and on biodiversity assessments improves our understanding of ecosystem functioning. In the Lower Paraná River floodplain, we assessed the ability of C-band polarimetric SAR data of contrasting incidence angles to discriminate wetland areas dominated by different plant functional types (PFTs). Unsupervised H/α and H/A/α Wishart classifications were implemented on two RADARSAT-2 images differing in their incidence angles (FQ24 and FQ08). Obtained classes were assigned to the information classes (open water, bare soil and PFTs) by a priori labeling criteria that involved the expected interaction mechanisms between SAR signal and PFTs as well as the relative values of H and α. The product obtained with the shallow incidence angle scene had a higher accuracy than the one obtained with the steep incidence angle product (61.5% vs. 46.2%). We show how a systematic analysis of the H/A/α space can be used to improve the knowledge about the radar polarimetric response of herbaceous vegetation. The map obtained provides novel ecologically relevant information about plant strategies dominating the floodplain. Since the obtained classes can be interpreted in terms of their functional features, the approach is a valuable tool for predicting vegetation response to floods, anthropic impacts and climate change.
An Advanced Pre-Processing Pipeline to Improve Automated Photogrammetric Reconstructions of Architectural Scenes
Authors: Gaiani Marco , Remondino Fabio , Apollonio Fabrizio , Ballabeni Andrea
Published: February 2016

Automated image-based 3D reconstruction methods are more and more flooding our 3D modeling applications. Fully automated solutions give the impression that from a sample of randomly acquired images we can derive quite impressive visual 3D models. Although the level of automation is reaching very high standards, image quality is a fundamental pre-requisite to produce successful and photo-realistic 3D products, in particular when dealing with large datasets of images. This article presents an efficient pipeline based on color enhancement, image denoising, color-to-gray conversion and image content enrichment. The pipeline stems from an analysis of various state-of-the-art algorithms and aims to adjust the most promising methods, giving solutions to typical failure causes. The assessment evaluation proves how an effective image pre-processing, which considers the entire image dataset, can improve the automated orientation procedure and dense 3D point cloud reconstruction, even in the case of poor texture scenarios.
Spectral Characteristics of Common Reed Beds: Studies on Spatial and Temporal Variability
Authors: Tuominen Jyrki , Lipping Tarmo
Published: February 2016

Reed beds are the second largest producer of biomass in Olkiluoto Island. Quantitative information on the extent and amount of reed stands is an integral part of the biosphere assessment related to long-term safety analysis of nuclear fuel repository site currently under construction. The major challenge in reed bed mapping is discrimination between reed and other green vegetation. Spectral field measurements were used to study the temporal and spatial variability of spectral characteristics of reed beds. Feasibility of discriminating reed beds from other vegetation based on hyperspectral measurements was studied as well. Results indicate that there is large temporal variation of reed bed spectra and the optimal time for data acquisition differs for old and new reed bed types. Comparing spectral characteristics of the reed bed and meadow classes in a local neighborhood indicated that the classes have high within-class spectral variability and similar mean spectra, however, 10 out of 11 targets had lower angle to the mean spectrum of the corresponding class than that of the other class when Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) was used. Comparing the spectral characteristics of reed beds at four test sites within the Olkiluoto Island indicated that while some of the sites had similar spectra, the difference between others was remarkable. This is partly explained by different density and height of dead and live reed stems at the four sites.
Distributed Long-Gauge Optical Fiber Sensors Based Self-Sensing FRP Bar for Concrete Structure
Authors: Tang Yongsheng , Wu Zhishen
Published: February 2016

Brillouin scattering-based distributed optical fiber (OF) sensing technique presents advantages for concrete structure monitoring. However, the existence of spatial resolution greatly decreases strain measurement accuracy especially around cracks. Meanwhile, the brittle feature of OF also hinders its further application. In this paper, the distributed OF sensor was firstly proposed as long-gauge sensor to improve strain measurement accuracy. Then, a new type of self-sensing fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bar was developed by embedding the packaged long-gauge OF sensors into FRP bar, followed by experimental studies on strain sensing, temperature sensing and basic mechanical properties. The results confirmed the superior strain sensing properties, namely satisfied accuracy, repeatability and linearity, as well as excellent mechanical performance. At the same time, the temperature sensing property was not influenced by the long-gauge package, making temperature compensation easy. Furthermore, the bonding performance between self-sensing FRP bar and concrete was investigated to study its influence on the sensing. Lastly, the sensing performance was further verified with static experiments of concrete beam reinforced with the proposed self-sensing FRP bar. Therefore, the self-sensing FRP bar has potential applications for long-term structural health monitoring (SHM) as embedded sensors as well as reinforcing materials for concrete structures.
Robust Radar Emitter Recognition Based on the Three-Dimensional Distribution Feature and Transfer Learning
Authors: Yang Zhutian , Qiu Wei , Sun Hongjian , Nallanathan Arumugam
Published: February 2016

Due to the increasing complexity of electromagnetic signals, there exists a significant challenge for radar emitter signal recognition. To address this challenge, multi-component radar emitter recognition under a complicated noise environment is studied in this paper. A novel radar emitter recognition approach based on the three-dimensional distribution feature and transfer learning is proposed. The cubic feature for the time-frequency-energy distribution is proposed to describe the intra-pulse modulation information of radar emitters. Furthermore, the feature is reconstructed by using transfer learning in order to obtain the robust feature against signal noise rate (SNR) variation. Last, but not the least, the relevance vector machine is used to classify radar emitter signals. Simulations demonstrate that the approach proposed in this paper has better performances in accuracy and robustness than existing approaches.
Devenir mère grâce à un don d’ovocytes pour éviter le risque de transmettre une maladie génétique
Authors: Canneaux Marion
Published: February 2016

Le don d’ovocytes est une technique d’assistance médicale à la procréation dont peuvent parfois bénéficier des femmes qui souhaitent ne pas prendre le risque de transmettre une maladie génétique. Aucune étude ne s’étant spécifiquement intéressée à ces dernières, l’auteur de cet article a souhaité mieux connaître la façon dont elles se préparent à devenir mères dans ce contexte singulier. Les pistes de réflexion proposées sont issues d’entretiens cliniques menés auprès de deux femmes enceintes souffrant d’une maladie génétique. Ces dernières doivent s’engager dans un processus d’élaboration des angoisses suscitées par la figure de la donneuse, notamment celle de ne pas être reconnue comme mère par leur enfant et que celui-ci veuille retrouver la donneuse. De plus, le choix de recourir à un don d’ovocytes les conduit à réinterroger l’histoire de leur maladie et peut réactiver l’hostilité à l’égard des parents qui ont transmis les gènes de la maladie. L’engagement dans un processus de renoncement de la transmission de leur filiation génétique sera étroitement lié au destin de cette hostilité.
Should Physicians Prescribe Antipsychotics in Dementia?
Authors: Shah Asim A. , Aftab Awais
Published: February 2016

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are nearly universal in patients with major neurocognitive disorder and cause significant distress in patients and caregivers. Nonpharmacologic behavioral management is effective; however, in patients with persistent and severe neuropsychiatric symptoms, those who are unresponsive to nonpharmacologic approaches, and those who pose a danger of harm to themselves or others, pharmacologic agents are required. There are currently no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved agents. Antipsychotics have modest efficacy with the best evidence for risperidone and olanzapine at low doses. The increased risk of mortality with the use of both typical and atypical antipsychotics in dementia has consistently been reproduced in studies, and reflected in the FDA black box warning. Among the agents studied, haloperidol has the highest relative mortality risk and quetiapine the lowest compared to risperidone. The mortality risk shows a dose-response relationship. Antipsychotics have also been implicated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events. Antipsychotics should be used cautiously in dementia with a thorough consideration of risks and benefits in discussion with patients and families. The lowest effective dose should be used and discontinuation should be attempted periodically.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(2):97–102.]
Utiliser une simulation vidéo 3D pour approcher les concepts de la cinématique relativiste : étude de cas
Authors: Maisch Clément , Kermen Isabelle , Hosson (de) Cécile , Parizot Étienne
Published: February 2016

L’observation des effets directement liés à la théorie de la relativité restreinte (TRR) sur des objets de la vie de tous les jours est impossible. En effet, de tels effets ne peuvent être attestés qu’en se déplaçant à des vitesses proches de celle de la lumière c. La réalité virtuelle (RV) permet de visualiser ces effets en utilisant des environnements à trois dimensions dans lesquels les valeurs de la vitesse de déplacement d’objets virtuels (ici, des palets de billard français) et d’observateurs (réels) immergés peuvent s’approcher à loisir de la vitesse de la lumière, ramenée au sein de la simulation à une valeur familière de 1 m/s. Dans cet article nous présentons les résultats d’une étude exploratoire se donnant pour objet l’évaluation de vidéos reproduisant certaines scènes produites pour l’environnement immersif. Cette étude a été conduite auprès de neuf étudiants de master enseignement physique-chimie amenés à enseigner la relativité restreinte. Les vidéos donnent à voir les observables que sont la non-simultanéité d’événements, la déformation des objets mis en scène, la modification de leur vitesse apparente. Les premiers résultats de cette étude permettent de saisir la manière dont ces observables mis en scène contribuent à la mobilisation d’explications de nature relativiste engageant, d’une part, la localisation spatio-temporelle des émissions lumineuses à partir des objets virtuels et celle de leur réception dans l’œil de l’observateur, d’autre part, la transformée de Lorentz.
The Crisis of Public Health as a Media Event
Authors: Marinescu Valentina
Published: February 2016

The focus of the present article is on the analysis of the influence exercised by media narratives on the Romanian audience's reconstructions of social movements from January-February 2012. The analysis was interested to show what are the aspects involved in the publicizing of this media event in Romania, by focusing on the event narrative built in such a way to transmit a particular significance related to the protest movements related to the crisis of the health public system in Romania. Two research methods were used in collecting the data: a survey on two hundreds Romanian respondents and quantitative content analysis of five national Romanian newspapers. As the results show, the high consumption of mass media messages does not determine whether the public adopts the media narratives concerning the events from the beginning of year 2012. At the same time, the analysis shows that in the case of the media events that took place in Romania in January-February 2012 the impact of the media narrative on the way in which the audience from Romania rebuilt those protests was a minor one and other factors had played a major role in triggering massive mass protests in Romania.
Systematic Evaluation of Genes and Genetic Variants Associated with Type 1 Diabetes Susceptibility
Authors: Ram Ramesh , Mehta Munish , Nguyen Quang T. , Larma Irma , Boehm Bernhard O. , Pociot Flemming , Concannon Patrick , Morahan Grant
Published: February 2016

Genome-wide association studies have found >60 loci that confer genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Many of these are defined only by anonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms: the underlying causative genes, as well as the molecular bases by which they mediate susceptibility, are not known. Identification of how these variants affect the complex mechanisms contributing to the loss of tolerance is a challenge. In this study, we performed systematic analyses to characterize these variants. First, all known genes in strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.8) with the reported single nucleotide polymorphisms for each locus were tested for commonly occurring nonsynonymous variations. We found only a total of 22 candidate genes at 16 T1D loci with common nonsynonymous alleles. Next, we performed functional studies to examine the effect of non-HLA T1D risk alleles on regulating expression levels of genes in four different cell types: EBV-transformed B cell lines (resting and 6 h PMA stimulated) and purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We mapped cis-acting expression quantitative trait loci and found 24 non-HLA loci that affected the expression of 31 transcripts significantly in at least one cell type. Additionally, we observed 25 loci that affected 38 transcripts in trans. In summary, our systems genetics analyses defined the effect of T1D risk alleles on levels of gene expression and provide novel insights into the complex genetics of T1D, suggesting that most of the T1D risk alleles mediate their effect by influencing expression of multiple nearby genes.
Forward-in-Time, Spatially Explicit Modeling Software to Simulate Genetic Lineages under Selection
Authors: Currat Mathias , Gerbault Pascale , Di Da , Nunes José M. , Sanchez-Mazas Alicia
Published: February 2016

SELECTOR is a software package for studying the evolution of multiallelic genes under balancing or positive selection while simulating complex evolutionary scenarios that integrate demographic growth and migration in a spatially explicit population framework. Parameters can be varied both in space and time to account for geographical, environmental, and cultural heterogeneity. SELECTOR can be used within an approximate Bayesian computation estimation framework. We first describe the principles of SELECTOR and validate the algorithms by comparing its outputs for simple models with theoretical expectations. Then, we show how it can be used to investigate genetic differentiation of loci under balancing selection in interconnected demes with spatially heterogeneous gene flow. We identify situations in which balancing selection reduces genetic differentiation between population groups compared with neutrality and explain conflicting outcomes observed for human leukocyte antigen loci. These results and three previously published applications demonstrate that SELECTOR is efficient and robust for building insight into human settlement history and evolution.
Digitalización y visualización 3D de cerámica arqueológica
Authors: Martínez Carrillo Ana , Ruiz Rodríguez Arturo , Rubio Paramio Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2016

The documentation system of the archaeological material has development in the last years thanks to the application of new technologies. These innovations have been quite useful in the field of the documentation, analysis and visualization of the archaeological artefacts.

In this article a methodology for the achievement of 3D model of archaeological pottery is exposed. This methodology fits within the CATA project (Archaeological Wheel Pottery of Andalusia in its acronyms in Spanish). The main objective of the project is the implementation of a database which is accessible by Internet, containing assorted information about pottery vessels and fragments found in Andalusia in different periods. This reference collection contains information concerning not only the manufacture process, the description of the surface treatment, or the context of finding of the ceramics, but also 3D models that allows a better knowledge of the vessel.
O sincretismo teórico na apropriação das teorias monista e dualista e sua questionável utilidade como critério para a classificação do modelo brasileiro de incorporação de normas internacionais
Authors: Magalhães Breno Baía
Published: February 2016

O artigo objetiva analisar a forma como a abordagem descritiva da dicotomia monismo/dualismo é interpretada pelos autores brasileiros e sua incompatibilidade com a prática constitucional. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica da produção teórica de autores brasileiros e de uma releitura dos autores clássicos sobre o tema, buscaremos cindir a discussão entre monismo e dualismo no direito internacional em duas abordagens: uma teórica, que desenvolve teses acerca da existência ou não de um ordenamento único e outra descritiva, acerca dos modelos constitucionais de incorporação de normas internacionais. Após análise da prática constitucional, chegamos à conclusão de que enquadrar o direito constitucional como monista é insuficiente para descrever o modelo de incorporação de normas internacionais brasileiro.
Oportunidades e desafios das TWAIL no contexto latino-americano a partir de perspectivas dos povos indígenas ao direito internacional
Authors: De Oliveira Franco Fernanda Cristina
Published: February 2016

As TWAIL são atualmente uma das mais destacadas abordagens críticas ao direito internacional. Paradoxalmente, tornaram-se elas próprias alvo de críticas, uma das quais aponta sua frágil consideração acerca do processo de marginalização dos povos indígenas perante o direito internacional. O presente artigo objetiva analisar oportunidades e desafios de releituras das TWAIL no contexto latino-americano a partir de perspectivas dos povos indígenas ao direito internacional. A segunda parte resgata o marco dos estudos legais (pós)coloniais para ilustrar como os povos indígenas e do Terceiro Mundo se relacionaram com o direito internacional em momentos de formação e transformação da disciplina. A terceira, expõe peculiaridades e propósitos das TWAIL e a quarta considera em que medida os povos indígenas desafiam e oportunizam releituras das TWAIL no contexto latino-americano, especialmente por se tratar da região que abriga expressiva diversidade de povos, que assumem destacado protagonismo nas instâncias de direito internacional. A Corte Interamericana é comparativamente a que oferece pronunciadas decisões sobre direitos indígenas, mas, ainda assim, é região que prossegue compactuando com ações que violentamente afetam esses povos, especialmente diante da ofensiva da exploração dos recursos naturais nos territórios tradicionais. Conclui-se que a aproximação destes elementos é teoricamente pertinente e que o desafio não é apenas o de coompreender as TWAIL, mas sobretudo reinterpretá-las sob o vislumbre de que possam expressar e aprimorar o potencial transformador e de realização da justiça que se constrói na América Latina por meio das expressões indígenas.
As complicadas inter-relações entre os sistemas internos e internacionais de proteção do direito ao meio ambiente sadio
Authors: Leite Sampaio José Adércio , Costa Beatriz Souza
Published: February 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as inter-relações entre os sistemas interno e internacional de proteção do meio ambiente. Embora a definição dessa proteção como objeto de um direito humano ou fundamental encontre argumentos morais e jurídicos que superam teses contrárias, o seu reconhecimento pelos Estados e pela comunidade internacional ainda revela déficits de normatividade e de eficácia. A economia é quase sempre chamada a justificar esse fenômeno. É preciso, todavia, explorar os elementos internos e externos que contribuem para esta justificativa e para aquele déficit. O artigo procurar avaliar ainda os fatores que podem atuar, pelo menos, normativamente, no sentido da convergência dos sistemas para promover A efetiva proteção ambiental. Utilizou-se a metodologia jurídico-teórica, dedutiva e com técnica bibliográfica, para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, assim como em sites relativos ao tema.
PB-277 Literal resolution: A Simple Proof of Resolution Completeness
Authors: Zhang Guo Qiang
Published: February 2016

Literal resolution (LR) is a new resolution strategy for propositional calculus. Each step of LR involves a literal A. At an A-step of LR the old clause set S is replaced by a new clause set S' consisting of all the resolvents from S which involve A, together with those clauses of S which do not contain A or its negation. LR repeatedly formulates new clause sets in this way and further resolution does not need any old clause. LR is sound and complete. It is conceptually simple and easy to understand, and it provides an intuitive and straightforward proof for the completeness of the propositional version of Robinson resolution.
Discovering the Human Actors in Human Factors
Authors: Bannon Liam J.
Published: February 2016

This essay discusses some problems and prospects for the field of human factors or ergonomics, specifically the more recent, and diversified field of human-computer interaction. Its main aim is to develop awareness of how an often unarticulated, though dominant perspective in the field can blind us to other more fruitful conceptions of human-computer interactions, and to emphasize the importance of shifting perspectives in the design process.
Cooperative Prototyping: Users and Designers in Mutual Activity
Authors: Bødker Susanne , Grønbæk Kaj
Published: February 2016

In most development projects, descriptions and prototypes are developed by system designers on their own, utilizing users as suppliers of information on the use domain. In contrast, we are proposing a cooperative prototyping approach where users are involved actively and creatively in design and evaluation of early prototypes. This paper illustrates the approach by describing the design of computer support for casework in a technical department of a Danish municipality. Prototyping is viewed as an on-going learning process, and we analyze situations where openings for learning occur in the prototyping activity. The situations seem to fall into four categories: 1) Situations where the future work situation with a new computer application is simulated to some extent to investigate the future work activity. 2) Situations where the prototype is manipulated and used as a basis for idea exploration. 3) Situations focusing on the designers' learning about the users' work in practice. 4) Situations where the prototyping tool or the design session as such becomes the focus. Lessons learned from the analysis of these situations are discussed. In particular we discuss a tension between the need for careful preparation of prototyping sessions and the need to establish conditions for user and designer creativity. Our conclusion is that users and designers should prepare to learn from breakdowns and focus shifts in cooperative prototyping sessions rather than they should try to avoid them.
What is Type-Safe Code Reuse?
Authors: Palsberg Jens , Schwartzbach Michael I.
Published: February 2016

Subclassing is reuse of class definitions. It is usually tied to the use of class names, thus relying on the order in which the particular classes in a program are created. This is a burden, however, both when programming and in theoretical studies.

 

This paper presents a structural notion of subclassing for typed languages. It is a direct abstraction of the SMALLTALK interpreter and the separate compilation technique of MODULA. We argue that it is the most general mechanism which can be supported by the implementation while relying on the type-correctness of superclasses. In short, it captures type-safe code reuse.
A Model for Real-Time Systems
Authors: Krishnan Padmanabhan
Published: February 2016

In this paper we define an equivalence and a modal logic for real-time systems. The equivalence is based on timed processes and timing specifications they have to satisfy. While the equivalence we define is not a congruence, it does satisfy many laws
Fitness Conditions for fixed Point Iteration
Authors: Nielson Flemming , Nielson Hanne Riis
Published: February 2016

This paper provides a link between the formulation of static program analyses using the framework of abstract interpretation (popular for functional languages) and using the more classical framework of data flow analysis (popular for imperative languages). In particular we show how the classical notions of fastness, rapidity and k-boundedness carry over to the abstract interpretation framework and how this may be used to bound the number of times a functional should be unfolded in order to yield the fixed point. This is supplemented with a number of results on how to calculate the bounds for iterative forms (as for tail recursion), for linear forms (as for one nested recursive call), and for primitive recursive forms. In some cases this improves the ''worst case'' results of H.R. Nielson and F. Nielson: Bounded Fixed Point Iteration, but more importantly it gives much better ''average case'' results.