bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining bias in pollen-based quantitative climate reconstructions induced by human impact on vegetation in China
Authors: Ding Wei , Xu Qinghai , Tarasov Pavel E.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Human impact is a well-known confounder in pollen-based quantitative climate reconstructions as most terrestrial ecosystems have been artificially affected to varying degrees. In this paper, we use a human-induced pollen dataset (H-set) and a corresponding natural pollen dataset (N-set) to establish pollen–climate calibration sets for temperate eastern China (TEC). The two calibration sets, taking a weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS) approach, are used to reconstruct past climate variables from a fossil record, which is located at the margin of the East Asian summer monsoon in north-central China and covers the late glacial Holocene from 14.7 ka BP (thousands of years before AD 1950). Ordination results suggest that mean annual precipitation (Pann) is the main explanatory variable of both pollen composition and percentage distributions in both datasets. The Pann reconstructions, based on the two calibration sets, demonstrate consistently similar patterns and general trends, suggesting a relatively strong climate impact on the regional vegetation and pollen spectra. However, our results also indicate that the human impact may obscure climate signals derived from fossil pollen assemblages. In a test with modern climate and pollen data, the Pann influence on pollen distribution decreases in the H-set, while the human influence index (HII) rises. Moreover, the relatively strong human impact reduces woody pollen taxa abundances, particularly in the subhumid forested areas. Consequently, this shifts their model-inferred Pann optima to the arid end of the gradient compared to Pann tolerances in the natural dataset and further produces distinct deviations when the total tree pollen percentages are high (i.e. about 40 % for the Gonghai area) in the fossil sequence. In summary, the calibration set with human impact used in our experiment can produce a reliable general pattern of past climate, but the human impact on vegetation affects the pollen–climate relationship and biases the pollen-based climate reconstruction. The extent of human-induced bias may be rather small for the entire late glacial and early Holocene interval when we use a reference set called natural. Nevertheless, this potential bias should be kept in mind when conducting quantitative reconstructions, especially for the recent 2 or 3 millennia.
The ESA GOME-Evolution "Climate" water vapor product: A homogenized time-series of H2O columns from GOME/SCIAMACHY/GOME-2
Authors: Beirle Steffen , Lampel Johannes , Wang Yang , Mies Kornelia , Grossi Margherita , Loyola Diego , Dehn Angelika , Danielczok Anja , Schröder Marc , Wagner Thomas
Published: September 2017

Abstract. We present time-series of the global distribution of water vapor columns over more than two decades based on measurements from the satellite instruments GOME, SCIAMACHY, and GOME-2 in the red spectral range. Particular focus is the consistency amongst the different sensors to avoid jumps from one instrument to another. This is reached by applying robust and simple retrieval settings consistently. Potentially systematic effects due to differences in ground pixel size are avoided by merging SCIAMACHY and GOME-2 observations to GOME spatial resolution, which also allows for a consistent treatment of cloud effects. In addition, the GOME-2 swath is reduced to that of GOME and SCIAMACHY to have consistent viewing geometries. Remaining systematic differences between the different sensors are investigated during overlap periods and are corrected for in the homogenized time series. The resulting "Climate" product (https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/GOME-EVL_water_vapor_climate) allows to study the temporal evolution of water vapor over the last 20 years on global scale.
Providing a non-deterministic representation of spatial variability of precipitation in the Everest region
Authors: Eeckman Judith , Chevallier Pierre , Boone Aaron , Neppel Luc , De Rouw Anneke , Delclaux Francois , Koirala Devesh
Published: September 2017

Abstract. This paper provides a new representation of the effect of altitude on precipitation that represents spatial and temporal variability in precipitation in the Everest region. Exclusive observation data are used to infer a piecewise linear function for the relation between altitude and precipitation and significant seasonal variations are highlighted. An original ensemble approach is applied to provide non-deterministic water budgets for middle and high-mountain catchments. Physical processes at the soil–atmosphere interface are represented through the Interactions Soil–Biosphere–Atmosphere (ISBA) surface scheme. Uncertainties associated with the model parametrization are limited by the integration of in situ measurements of soils and vegetation properties. Uncertainties associated with the representation of the orographic effect are shown to account for up to 16 % of annual total precipitation. Annual evapotranspiration is shown to represent 26 % ± 1 % of annual total precipitation for the mid-altitude catchment and 34% ± 3 % for the high-altitude catchment. Snowfall contribution is shown to be neglectable for the mid-altitude catchment, and it represents up to 44 % ± 8 % of total precipitation for the high-altitude catchment. These simulations on the local scale enhance current knowledge of the spatial variability in hydroclimatic processes in high- and mid-altitude mountain environments.
Centralidad del Templo 16 durante el Reino de Yax Pasaj en Copán
Authors: Ramos Jorge
Published: September 2017

El arte público que aparece en las fachadas de edificios transmite temas complejos, mensajes dirigidos a una amplia audiencia, buscando legitimar la posición del gobernante. Restos de escultura arquitectónica del Clásico Tardío en Copán indican que los edificios desplegaban mensajes particulares ya sea utilizando individualmente, o de manera combinada, una imaginería local maya o extranjera. Las tradiciones extranjeras se identifican con el centro lejano de Teotihuacán en el México Central. Las tradiciones de Teotihuacán están presentes en el sitio desde el Clásico Temprano (430 D.C.), alrededor de los tiempos del fundador K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’. Yax Pasaj, el último gobernante de la dinastía del fundador, enfatizó esta herencia cultural a gran escala en el Templo 16. El análisis de escultura proveniente del templo resultó en la identificación de 63 motivos diferentes, los cuales revelaron tres temas iconográficos mayores: el edificio como la montaña simbólica tanto como el aposento y resurrección del fundador ancestral; como el lugar del ritual para la conmemoración y restablecimiento de la guerra y el sacrificio humano y; como una representación del universo.
Centrando el Reino, Centrando al Rey: Creación y Legitimización Maya en San Bartolo
Authors: Saturno William
Published: September 2017

En el Preclásico Tardío, San Bartolo ya poseía muchas de las características que se esperaría encontrar en un centro grande del Período Clásico; una jerarquía residencial bien diferenciada y espacios ceremoniales monumentales claramente definidos, así como sus murales narrativos policromados y textos jeroglíficos pintados. Las escenas murales en San Bartolo traen a la mente tanto elementos del Códice Fejervary-Mayer como del Códice Borgia. En todos los casos, el sacrificio divino está asociado con el establecimiento de un mundo ordenado. De esta manera y por medio del sacrificio, vemos no sólo el cosmos ordenado al Este, Oeste, Norte y Sur; pero vemos también el paraíso creado, el inframundo, la tierra y el cielo; y también el cosmos de flores, acuático, animal y de aves. Así mismo, la narrativa artística mural, como también su misma composición, sirven para establecer paralelos entre la acción divina y la de la realeza, reforzando la conexión entre el centro del mundo, la civilización, el maíz y el rey. Todo esto fue utilizado en San Bartolo para legitimar a un rey histórico, quien liga su legitimidad no a sus ancestros sino a su asociación directa con lo divino.
Las Manos del Dios del Maíz
Authors: Herring Adam
Published: September 2017

No es del todo una exageración afirmar que Copán fue un extranjero curioso en el conjunto de las comunidades mayas de las tierras bajas. La dinastía que fundara Yax K’uk’ Mo’ temprano en el siglo quinto estaba lejos tanto geográficamente de los centros dinásticos de las tierras bajas mayas como también marcada por sus complejas relaciones con otras gentes del sur de Mesoamérica y de la parte alta de Centro América. Al mismo tiempo que Copán ha llegado a representar el gran sitiotipo de la civilización antigua maya, también al arte copaneco se le ha considerado totalmente representativo de las más preciadas ambiciones de la tradición visual más amplia y también un ejemplo de sus más grandes logros. En el Dios del Maíz copaneco, el éxito de la representación de un esquema caligráfico tiene poco que ver con normativas de calidad del arte copaneco con relación a la más amplia tradición visual maya de tierras bajas. La sofisticación plástica y tridimensional que la línea maya asume en esta pieza es anómala, más bien extraordinaria dentro del corpus del arte maya de tierras bajas. Más retirados geográfica y culturalmente, los copanecos estaban más en libertad y entablaron una conversación distinta con la retórica visual de la tradición maya de tierras bajas.
10 años de fomento a la investigación científica en la UNAH
Authors: Zorto Aguilera Fernando José
Published: October 2017

No resumen
Huellas ancestrales de Piedras Pintadas”: Una estrategia de gestión cultural en Villa Sandino-Chontales
Authors: Oporta Fonseca Deyvis Misael
Published: October 2017

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un plan de gestión encaminado a la conservación, Musealización y difusión del sitio arqueológico Piedras Pintadas en función de convertir a este sitio en un parque arqueológico e impulsarlo como el destinos turístico municipal, ap FAREM Matagalpa ostando al desarrollo integral de la población. Para lograrlo se realizaron visitas con permiso de la alcaldía municipal de Villa Sandino para realizar el diagnóstico del sitio ayuda a tener una idea más clara sobre la adecuación técnica de un parque arqueológico y el impulso de nuevas propuestas para desarrollar trabajos de mejoramiento museológico, atención al visitante e investigaciones científicas para identificar determinar el significado simbólico de estas huellas antiguas
ATUAÇÃO DO ENFERMEIRO NO REFERENCIAMENTO E CONTRARREFERENCIAMENTO DE PESSOAS COM AMPUTAÇÃO
Authors: Ferreira Micheli Leal , Vargas Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira , Marques Ana Maria Fernandes Borges , Huhn Andréa , De Andrade Selma Regina , Vargas Caroline Porcelis
Published: September 2017

O objetivo foi identificar referenciamentos e contrarreferenciamentos realizados pelos enfermeiros da Rede de Atenção à Saúde, descrevendo sua atuação na assistência à pessoa com amputação. Estudo qualitativo, com coleta de dados realizada por entrevista semiestruturada com 21 enfermeiros dos três níveis de atenção à saúde de Florianópolis. A coleta ocorreu nos meses de abril e maio de 2015. Os dados foram organizados com auxílio do software ATLAS.ti 7.5.6. e analisados com base na técnica da Análise Temática. Emergiram duas categorias: Portas de entrada da pessoa com amputação; O enfermeiro na assistência e as implicações de sua atuação no referenciamento e contrarreferenciamento. Identificou-se como portas de entrada mais procuradas Unidades Básicas de Saúde, serviço de Emergência e o Centro Catarinense de Reabilitação. O foco inicial dosenfermeiros é oferecer melhor assistência à pessoa com amputação realizando referência e contrarreferência quando necessário.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA POPULAÇÃO SUBMETIDA À REVASCULARIZAÇÃO CARDÍACA E ACESSO AO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE
Authors: Koerich Cintia , Lanzoni Gabriela Marcelino de Melo , Meirelles Betina Hörner Schlindwein , Baggio Maria Aparecida , Higashi Giovana Dorneles Callegaro , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini
Published: September 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil epidemiológico de uma população submetida à revascularização cardíaca e compreender como esta população acessa os serviços de saúde para promoção, prevenção, tratamento e reabilitação. Estudo descritivo, transversal, amostra de 99 participantes, entre março de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014. Em relação ao perfil, 70 (70,7%) homens, 61 (61,6%) casados, 53 (53,5%) aposentados, 86 (86,9%) procedentes da região metropolitana, com idade média de 61,3 (±8,5) e média de anos de estudos de seis (±3,4), as comorbidades prevalentes foram Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica 84 (84,8%) e Diabetes Mellitus 42 (42,4%). Referente ao Acesso aos serviços de saúde, 49 (49,4%) acessaram o hospital e 31 (31,3%) a Unidade Básica de Saúde. Observa-se a necessidade de ações estratégicas que facilitem o acesso e acompanhamento desta população aos serviços de saúde, em especial na Atenção primária à saúde, antes e após a revascularização cardíaca.
AVALIAÇÃO DO AUTOCUIDADO NOS PORTADORES DE INSUFICIÊNCIA CARDÍACA
Authors: Medeiros Juliana , Medeiros Carolina De Araújo
Published: September 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o perfil clínico e sociodemográfico dos portadores de Insuficiência Cardíaca e descrever o comportamento de autocuidado. Estudo transversal descritivo, com amostra não probabilística de 57 pacientes da enfermaria cardiológica de hospital público do Recife, Brasil, entre maio e setembro de 2016. O autocuidado foi avaliado pela Self-Care of Heart Failure Index versão 6.2, versão brasileira. A idade média dos participantes foi de 62,9 anos; 31 (54,4%) homens; 36 (63,2%) alfabetizados; 26 (45,6%) de etiologia hipertensiva e 30 (52,6%) em classe funcional III. As médias dos escores nas subescalas indicaram autocuidado inadequado (manutenção do autocuidado: 43,3; manejo do autocuidado: 37,5 e confiança do autocuidado: 54,3). Escores mais elevados foram associados com escolaridade, os alfabetizados obtiveram média de 61 pontos (p=0,002). São necessários investimentos para melhorar o autocuidado e a enfermagem pode ter papel relevante nessa melhora.
DEPRESSÃO E QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM ADULTOS COM HIPERTENSÃO
Authors: Mantovani Maria de Fátima , Arthur Juliana Perez , Mattei Ângela Taís , Botolato-Major Carina , Martins Ulbrich Elis , Puchalski Kalinke Luciana
Published: September 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre a depressão e a qualidade de vida em adultos com hipertensão. Pesquisa quantitativa com delineamento transversal, realizada com 387 adultos com hipertensão, no período de 2014 a 2015, em 18 Unidades Básicas de Saúde da cidade de Curitiba, Paraná. Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar a qualidade de vida e depressão foram, respectivamente, o Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey e o inventário de Beck. Observou-se correlação significativa entre os piores escores de qualidade de vida e a presença de depressão, com diferenças elevadas entre as médias nos domínios aspectos emocionais (Intervalo de Confiança = 95%: 26,72% – 42,08%) e saúde mental (Intervalo de Confiança = 95%: 20,21% – 28,73%). Conhecer esta relação pode contribuir para o enfermeiro no planejamento do cuidado à pessoa com hipertensão, na melhora dos sintomas depressivos e consequentemente na qualidade de vida.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE INDIVÍDUOS COM CARCINOMA BEM DIFERENCIADO DE TIREOIDE PELO WHOQOL-100
Authors: Furino Fernanda De Oliveira , Furino Vanessa De Oliveira , Melo Débora Gusmão , De Avó Lucimar Retto da Silva , Maion Victor Hugo , Maria Ramos Germano Carla
Published: September 2017

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes em acompanhamento clínico por carcinoma bem diferenciado de tireoide, por meio do questionário WHOQOL-100. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo realizado entre março de 2015 e março de 2017 em São Carlos, SP, Brasil, descritivo e transversal, que avaliou 280 indivíduos, sendo 70 com carcinoma de tireoide e 210 controles, divididos em ≤45 e >45 anos. Os resultados mostraram que o grupo carcinoma de tireoide ≤ 45 anos apresentou prejuízo nos domínios físico (p=0,0032) e nível de independência (p<0,0001), e melhora no domínio meio ambiente (0,0138). O grupo com carcinoma de tireoide > 45 anos apresentou melhora no domínio meio ambiente (0,0002) e qualidade de vida global (p=0,00146) em relação aos controles. Esses achados, frutos de uma análise abrangente da qualidade de vida de pacientes com carcinoma diferenciado de tireoide, podem contribuir para o entendimento das repercussões da doença e seu tratamento.
Importance and Satisfaction of Destination Attraction for Water-Based Tourism in Jeju Island
Authors: Kwon Jaeyoon , Chung Taerin , Yoon Sang Hwa , Kwon Kwan Bae
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study was to verify importance and satisfaction of destination attraction for water-based tourism in Jeju Island using Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). The participants of this study consisted of 429 water-based tourism participants who visited Jeju Island in Korea. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted using SPSS program, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and Importance-Performance Analysis. The results of this study were as follows. First, quadrant 1 included in season and climate comfort, local souvenirs, and hospitality of tourism program guide. Second, quadrant 2 included six items with sports activities rental facilities, scenic viewing activity, hospitality of local residents, accessibility of the island, convenience of local island transportation, and tourism safety. Third, quadrant 3 included four items with congestion of sightseeing spot, the reputation of a tourist destination, amusement facilities, affordable price, and traditional foods Fourth, quadrant 4 included eight items with marine related experience training activity, coastal landscape and terrain, marine sports activity, accommodation and shopping facilities, marine festivals and events activity, rest and recreational activity, history and cultural heritage, and service facilities.
Economic Analysis for Effects of Policies to Support Price of Products and Prices of Inputs for Meat in Iraq
Authors: Man Norsida , Hussein Sarmad Ali , Latif Ismail , Hirawaty Nitty
Published: September 2017

This work aims to measure the cost of supporting both the product price support policy and also support input prices, then the comparison between the two policies for their preference between them. The problem of study that the state when implementing the two policies bear sums from the public treasury. Analysis based on the collection of data from the sample of study, a beef and fish meat contains time series on prices, production and consumption depends on the style of mathematics to get the results. The results arrived that the state gets revenue through support product price policy, but the returns were not in the producers have been negatively affected consumer prices up meat. On the other hand the state bore the costs by supporting input prices in order to be provided to producers. Therefore we prefer the input support policy for the economic and productivity. The study recommends that support the agricultural sector policy planning and rehabilitation support commodity price policy.
Elements of Myths and Legends in the Text Sulalatus Salatin from the Author’s Perspective
Authors: Ghazali Mohd Faradi Mohamed
Published: September 2017

Myths and legends are the folk processes foregrounded in the past with their own interpretation on the universe and the creatures in it and apparently considered as the truth by the storyteller or its followers. The text Sulalatus Salatin excellently written by A. Samad Ahmad has now becoming the heritage of Malay supremacy. It is loaded with grandeur narrative elements of the fantasy to the realm of reality. Thus, this study examines the elements of historiography (the origin), symbolism, humanities and the majesty of figure through a metaphorical prose role particularly in researching the life hierarchy of the ruler and its people. This thorough study is conducted on the elements of plot, setting and unique character driven as the implicit narrative element, sarcasm, advice and the metaphorical to significantly prove such delivery style of philosophy. Myths and legends were addressed through various elements indicating the glory thoughts of the Malay author in conveying messages courteously and implicitly. Based on the results of this study, it was found that text Sulalatus Salatin has not only acted as Malay historical discourse alone, but each element presented implicitly contains high philosophical value of culture, religion and civilisation of the Malay race and reflects the high-end thinking credibility of the Malays. In addition, the metaphorical techniques used by the author in telling the story exhibits a style that is not easily comprehended on the surface, but encourages the readers to further analyse it in a real context. Hence, it is evident that Salatin Sulalatus previously seen from the lenses of myths and legends actually withholds a golden treasure of Malay thoughts in upholding its race.
Framing Islam in News Reporting: A Comparative Content Analysis
Authors: Hassan Isyaku , Azmi Mohd N. L. , Abubakar Usman I.
Published: September 2017

The emergence of modern communication technology suggests that the society as a whole is now a simple hostage at the hands of the media. However, the time has come to ask whether the people are being managed, manipulated, massaged or brainwashed by the media. Media contents are unjustifiably dominated by expressions that create negative impressions of Islam. As a result, the media accentuate anti-Muslim bias and bigotry. This study aims to comparatively examine how Nigerian and Malaysian newspapers frame Islam-related events in news reporting. Using purposive sampling, Punch and Vanguard were chosen from Nigeria while The Star and New Straits Times were chosen from Malaysia based on their popularity and readership. Relevant news articles that focus upon reports about Islam or Muslims were collected from the selected newspapers using internet-based search from November 2015 until September 2016. The newspapers produced 599 different Islam-related news articles within this period. The study found that out of 599 news articles published in the selected newspapers, 228 portrayed Islam in conflict situation by using conflict frame. For the rest, 60 news articles used consequence frame, 32 used crime frame, 11 used responsibility frame, 19 used morality frame, and 249 portrayed Islam using human interest frame. Nigerian newspapers used more conflict frames in reporting Islam than Malaysian newspapers. Collective efforts of journalists, editors, and corporate ownership of the newspapers should be directed toward suppressing the negative media portrayal of Islam.
The Relation of Mathematics and Language Ability
Authors: Wang Wenna , Jiang Caifang , Fan Zhaolan
Published: September 2017

How number is presented? Is it represented difference for different species? We first review behavioural and neuropsychological studies for the representation of different level of mathematical ability for animals, infants, lesion cases and images studies to demonstrate the relationship of mathematics and language. It can be included that 1) both humans and animals share an elemental number quantification system, which is without supporting by language ability; 2) the language ability is crucial to get higher mathematical ability. We then summarize the main research status for each line of studies. Finally, we outline recommendations for future research directions.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 13, No. 10
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: September 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 13, No. 10, 2017.
Underlying Gaps between Environmental Knowledge and Behavior in the City of Toyota: Phase III
Authors: Ito Hiroshi
Published: September 2017

This study analyzes underlying gaps between environmental knowledge and behavior in the city of Toyota. A previous study suggested that citizens’ environmental knowledge of some eco-items comprising the city’s eco-policy significantly improved since it was designated as an environmental model city by the Japanese government in 2009. However, other studies suggested that citizens do not seem to act on these eco-items. Through a questionnaire with 133 Toyota citizens, this study explores possible reasons why citizens do not take action while knowing these eco-items. The findings suggest that the majority of respondents do not act on eco-items for economic reasons. For instance, buying a next generation car or a smart house is costly. Perhaps the city government should first focus on promoting Ecoful Town or addressing the heat island effect because they are relatively easy to deal with.
The Genus Tetradenia (Lamiaceae): A Review of Its Ethnomedicinal, Botanical, Chemical and Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Njau Efrem-Fred A. , Ndakidemi Patrick A.
Published: September 2017

Genus Tetradenia is belonging to plant family Lamiaceae. The genus is fairly large and comprises of twenty species. Different extracts of these Tetradenia species have been widely used in traditional medicine all through sub-Sahara Africa, part of Brazil and Asia.  Many workers have reported that Tetradenia extracts possess various biological activities against antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial. For decades, some members of the Genus Tetradenia have been the subject of research to isolate and identify the active compounds present in extracts from its leaves. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the biological activities of T. riparia as larvicide, insecticide, antimalarial and repellent effects on Anopheles gambiae. Leaf extracts (80% ethanol), tested for antimicrobial and antiviral activity, and was found to hamper the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Bacillus subtilis. This review intends to give the major highlights of the genus Tetradenia which will stimulate researchers into carrying out further investigations on the various species of the plant that may contribute into pharmacology industry.
The Study of Literary Criticism on The Well of Loneliness from the Perspective of Toulmin’s Argumentation Model
Authors: Liu Min
Published: September 2017

Literary criticism is a kind of commentary genre, with a certain color of argumentation. Toulmin’s model, as an important method of non-formal logic, has played an important role in the analysis of argumentative discourse (Yang, 2004). Therefore, it also provides a new perspective for the study of literary criticism. This paper, on the basis of consummating Toulmin’s model, analyzes different specific arguments of The Well of Loneliness, this controversial literary work whether can become a literary classic and widely recognized in different times, combined with literary criticism, and tries to characterize the internal structure of the argumentation, analysis of the dynamic process of argumentation and improvement of the pragmatic strategies of argumentation in a finer way. Thereby, it is more rational to verdict and to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the argumentation. Then suggestions of the construction and perfection of literary criticism can be provided.
A Functional Study of Lexical Conversion within Modern Chinese Nominal Group
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Li Manliang
Published: September 2017

The phenomenon of lexical conversion within modern Chinese nominal group is often presented in ancient Chinese grammar. For many years, there have been earnest discussions in China about how we can better study the Chinese nominal group from alternative dimensions, e.g. cognition, pragmatics, multi-category words, word-class shift as well as functional perspective, but few pay attention to the lexical conversion from perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). As the SFL itself is “a problem-oriented theory” (Huang, 2006), to apply this theory to explain some certain language phenomena merits serious consideration. This paper is based on the Cardiff Grammar, an important model of SFL and the purpose is to explore the semantic and syntactic function in lexical conversion within modern Chinese nominal group. Through the contrastive study in light of the Cardiff Grammar, the Chinese nominal group can be functionally used as a Main Verb, a Main Verb Extension (MEx) and a prepositional group (pgp).
Cultural (Mis)Appropriation, Ideological Essentialism and Language: Analysis of Stereotyping in Hollywood Movie
Authors: Ullah Inayat , Shahzor Kulsoom
Published: September 2017

This study analyzes the monolithic-cum-essentialist portrayal of the non-Euro-American world in Hollywood movies, bringing forth the fact that the project of Othering is still at play but in different manifestations. This qualitative research endeavors to apply the concept of Orientalism to carry out a postcolonial analysis of the movie American Sniper. As Edward Said, decades ago, proposed a way to understand the notions of the West regarding East in his famous work Orientalism, the study helps to understand the embedded ideologies which are promoted through movies, and the way these discourses are used to shape the Western worldview about the East. The study highlights the fact that Hollywood, famous for entertainment and advanced motion pictures, is also being used for shaping the narrative of the superiority of the West. As Islam and Arabs have always remained in the limelight of the Hollywood movies, this special association of the entertainment media with the Islamic Orient is not just for the purpose of amusement but also to (un)consciously build unbefitting images of the East and portray it as a monolith of an inferior status for the common viewer in the West.
Reciprocal Teaching for English and Arabic Language Learners in Recent Studies
Authors: Abu Hatab Subhieya
Published: September 2017

The current paper aimed to compile studies of Reciprocal teaching for English and Arabic language learners. We searched in the ERIC and EBSCO Databases, through recent studies. We found that reciprocal teaching is as method rather close and somewhat paradoxical, hence the interest of examining the movement of those who were the promoters. An approach that, indispensable as it is, needs to be complemented by studies on the use, interest, contributions and limitations of this teaching method in the educational field. Comparative analyzes are also needed to identify its distinguishing features and possible commonalities. It was there that appear essential, for example, when one leads a working partner to appropriate text, the other aid in the discovery of an activity. There are many advantages and disadvantages in it but, more profoundly.
Literary cum Philoso-Religious Periscope on the Nature of Man
Authors: Onyemelukwe Ndubuisi H. , Irolewe Chidiebere E. , Ogbechie Catherine O. , Ogunnaike Abosede O.
Published: September 2017

The self-evident truth that man is a mystery to himself generates justifiable intellectual curiosity. Giving expression to such curiosity would help to further unravel the mysterious nature of man by means of philoso-religious investigations into the personality of some purposively selected major characters in the literary works of prominent African and non-African writers. Consequently, this study undertakes to investigate some creative works of world-acclaimed fame. Purposively selected for the study in this regard include Profs. Chinua Achebe and Isidore Okpewho’s fictions, Prof. Ola Rotimi’s The gods Are not to Blame, George Orwell’s narratives, Ngugi Wa Thiongo and Micere Githae Mugo’s The Trial of Dedan Kimathi, Marie Correli’s The Sorrows of Satan and Cheik Hamidou Kane’s The Ambiguous Adventure. These classics are selected, because besides being philoso-religiously oriented, their geographical settings cut across the world to validate the findings of the study. The objective of the investigation focused on the selected works is to help man understand himself now more than previously ever, especially in relation to the will of God, his creator. This objective is pursuant to the expectation that achieving it would significantly improve the quality of life on earth, and by extension, man’s eternal destiny. The theoretical premise which drives the investigation of man and his nature in the novels used for the study conceptualises man in relation to ethics and the metaphysical world. It, therefore, provides appreciable insights into man’s identity profile which distinguishes between the created man as an enemy of God and the redeemed man as a friend of God. Relying on some scientific basis, the theoretical framework establishes that God is an undeniable reality, concluding, therefore, that it translates to stark ignorance or gross senselessness not to know Him. The analysis done as part of the study confirms its hypothesis, namely, that literature is a mirror of life which is largely a reflection of the natures of the created man rather than those of the redeemed man. The confirmation of this hypothesis proves that humanity is farther away from God than she is close to Him. In other words, the final destiny of mankind, hereafter, is largely threatened. The pragmatics of this worrisome major finding is that the near-countable redeemed people of God in this generation, especially the clergy, should and must commit themselves to intensified effective creative evangelisation to forestall evil from overtaking the world. Positive response to this clarion call by the redeemed people of God found in all authentic religious sects is imperative, else, evil will eventually overtake the world and provoke God’s devastating wrath on humanity.
Influence of Water Activity on Protease Adsorbed on Biochar in Organic Solvents
Authors: Noritomi Hidetaka , Nishigami Jumpei , Endo Nobuyuki , Kato Satoru , Uchiyama Katsumi
Published: September 2017

We have found that the organic solvent-resistance of Alpha-chymotrypsin (Alpha-CT) is enhanced by adsorbing Alpha-CT onto bamboo charcoal powder (BCP), which is obtained by pyrolyzing bamboo waste under nitrogen atmosphere, and is markedly dependent on the thermodynamic water activity (aw) in organic solvents. When BCP-adsorbed　Alpha-CT was immersed in acetonitrile at an appropriate water activity, it effectively enhanced the transesterification of N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester (N-Ac-Tyr-OEt) with n-butanol (BuOH) to produce N-acetyl-L-tyrosine butyl ester (N-Ac-Tyr-OBu), compared to the hydrolysis of N-Ac-Tyr-OEt with water to give N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (N-Ac-Tyr-OH). When the water activity was 0.28, the initial rate of transesterification catalyzed by BCP-adsorbed Alpha-CT was about sixty times greater than that catalyzed by free Alpha-CT. Regarding the reaction selectivity which is defined as a ratio of the initial rate of transesterification to that of hydrolysis, BCP-adsorbed α-CT was much superior to free Alpha-CT. The catalytic activity of BCP-adsorbed Alpha-CT was markedly dependent on the reaction temperature. Furthermore, concerning the thermal stability at 50 oC, the half-life of BCP-adsorbed Alpha-CT exhibited 3.8-fold, compared to that of free Alpha-CT.
Over openbare veiligheid in het migratierecht; het prijskaartje voor onze vrijheid?
Authors: Oosterom-Staples H.
Published: September 2017

Over openbare veiligheid in het migratierecht; het prijskaartje voor onze vrijheid?

Inzet van het geschil in de zaak Sahar Fahimian is de afwijzing van haar visumaanvraag om aan de Technische Universität Darmstadt promotieonderzoek te kunnen verrichten. Volgens de Duitse autoriteiten vormt haar aanwezigheid in Duitsland een potentiële dreiging van de openbare veiligheid in de zin van artikel 6 lid 1 sub d gelezen in samenhang met considerans 14 van de Studentenrichtlijn. Het Hof van Justitie preciseert de beoordelingsmarge die lidstaten genieten in hun afweging of in het individuele geval de nationale veiligheid in het geding is dat van hen vraagt om een prognose te maken van het dreigende gevaar op basis van het voorzienbare gedrag en de situatie in het land van herkomst van de betrokkene.

HvJ (Grote kamer) 4 april 2017, zaak C-544/15, Sahar Fahimian/Bundesrepublik Deutschland, in tegenwoordigheid van: Stadt Darmstadt, ECLI:EU:C:2017:255
Staatssteun en economische activiteiten van de kerk
Authors: Fierstra M.A.
Published: September 2017

Staatssteun en economische activiteiten van de kerk

In een arrest gewezen naar aanleiding van een Spaanse vrijstelling van de Katholieke Kerk van belastingen heeft de Grote kamer van het Hof van Justitie een interessant oordeel gegeven over de toepasselijkheid van het recht van de Unie op activiteiten van kerken. Het arrest bevat fundamentele overwegingen over de kwalificatie van een entiteit als onderneming en gaat in op de vraag wanneer activiteiten economische activiteiten zijn. Voorts komt het onderscheid tussen bestaande en nieuwe steunmaatregelen aan de orde. Bijkomend gaat het Hof van Justitie in op de betekenis voor de nationale rechter van het beginsel van loyale samenwerking.

HvJ (Grote kamer) 27 juni 2017, zaak C-74/16, Congregación de Escuelas Pías Provincia Betania/Ayuntamiento de Getafe, ECLI:EU:C:2017:496
Bioconversion of 16-dehydropregnenolone Acetate to Exclusively 4-androstene-3,17-dione by Delftia acidovorans MTCC 3363
Authors: AWADHIYA PUSHPENDRA , BANERJEE TUSHAR , PATIL SHRIDHAR
Published: September 2017

Delftia acidovorans MTCC 3363 was found to convert 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate (16-DPA) exclusively to 4-androstene-3, 17-dione (AD). Addition of 9α-hydroxylase inhibitors was not required for preventing the accumulation of byproducts. The effect of pH, temperature, substrate concentration, surfactants and carrier solvents on this bioconversion has been studied. 16-DPA was maximally converted in buffered medium at pH 7.0, at temperature 30°C and 0.5 mg ml–1 substrate concentration. Detergent addition and temperature above 35°C had deleterious effect on bioconversion. Dioxan was found to be the best carrier solvent for biotransformation of 16-DPA to AD.
Study of Micro-hardness of High-Speed W9Mo4Co8 Steel Plates in Pendulum Grinding by Abrasive Wheel Periphery
Authors: Soler Yakov Iosifovich , Nguyen Van Canh
Published: September 2017

In cutting tool assembly, grinding is the most important technological step of the finishing treatment, largely determining the workmanship. An increase of micro-hardness after grinding relative to the original one indicates the dominant role of abrasive tool force impact on the ground surface. A decrease, in contrast, evidences a significant softening under the influence of heat source. This research based on nonparametric statistics to predict the effect of wheel characteristics with abrasives 25A, 92A/25A, 34A, 5A, EKE, 5NQ, TGX, 5SG and with graininess 46 (F46), 60 (F60), 80 with different porosities (structure numbers 6-12), and the expected measures of position and dispersion on the micro-hardness of the surface of a high-speed cutting plate (HSCP) made of W9Mo4Co8 steel. It was found that grinding this HSCP by wheels 5NQ46I6VS3, 5SG46K12VXP, 5SG60K12VXP, 5SG46I12VXP, 25AF46M12V5"“PO, 25AF46M12V5"“PO3, 25ÐF46M10V5"“PO, 25AF46M10V5"“PO3, 25AF46K10V5"“PO3, 25AF60M10V5"“PO3, 25AF46L10V5"“KF35, EKE46K3V, 92A/25AF46L6V20 occurred without surface softening for 50% of the details from the operating batch.
Three-Dimensional Gravity Inverse Modeling for Basement Depth Estimation Integrating Maximum Difference Reduction (MDR), Trend Surface Analysis (TSA) and Total Variation Regularization
Authors: Handyarso Accep , Grandis Hendra
Published: September 2017

In sedimentary basin studies, gravity data are typically used to estimate the basement topography. Gravity inversion methods are expected to be able to discriminate between continuous and discontinuous sedimentary basins. Most 3D gravity inversion methods require intensive computational resources (computer memory and processing time). MDR3D, a variant of the well-known Bott method, was transformed into the Gauss-Newton inversion approach for extension flexibility. Integration of trend surface analysis (TSA) into the inversion scheme for regional anomaly estimation allows basement depth estimation from the Bouguer anomaly data. The aim of the additional total variation regulari­zation is to stabilize the inversion algorithm and to achieve a geologically feasible model, especially for discontinuous basin types. Evaluation of the proposed method led to satisfactory results both for the synthetic and the field data set. It was found that the regularization parameter can improve the stability of the algorithm and also the depth estimation from noisy data up to ±0.5 mGal.
Application of Fin System on Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye using Adsorbent Coating Layer: Mathematical Formulae
Authors: Abd Hamid Shazlina , Ismail Suzylawati
Published: September 2017

Treatment of dye solution using fin system is one of the new adsorption application techniques that can replace expensive conventional adsorption treatment units that mostly used in industries. The fins will work as the media of adsorbent coating and immerse in a tank containing dye wastewater. The purpose of present study is to develop simple mathematical equations for the fin's system by using adsorbent coating layer (ACL) as an adsorbent. By installing coated fins inside the tank, the concentration of dye can be easily reduced up to 90 %. The equilibrium adsorption data was best met by the Langmuir isotherm, indicating the adsorption is homogeneous surface and in monolayer state.  The mathematical formula developed from the isotherm model of adsorption was revealed to be used in large scale application for the removal of methylene blue dye from industrial wastewater since the percent error between calculated and experimental values were less than 15%.
A new species of freshwater Chaetonotidae (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) from Obodska Cave (Montenegro) based on morphological and molecular characters
Authors: Kolicka Małgorzata , Gadawski Piotr , Dabert Miroslawa
Published: September 2017

Gastrotricha is a cosmopolitan phylum of aquatic and semi-aquatic invertebrates that comprises about 820 described species. Current knowledge regarding freshwater gastrotrichs inhabiting caves is extremely poor and there are no extant data regarding Gastrotricha from Montenegro. We describe a new species from Obodska Cave, which is also the first record of a gastrotrich from this region. Due to its unusual habitat and morphological characteristics, this species may be important when considering the evolution and dispersion routes of Chaetonotidae Gosse, 1864 (sensu Leasi & Todaro 2008). We provide morphometric, molecular and phylogenetic data for the new species, together with photomicrographs and drawings.
Thirteenth-century anonymous Margaret poems and their later redactions
Authors: Dresvina Juliana
Published: September 2017

Chapter 2 examines thirteenth-century verse lives of St Margaret that continued to be copied, rewritten, and adapted well into the sixteenth century. These include multiple versions of two Middle English poems, a free-standing Meidan Maregrete, and the saint’s life from the South English Legendary corpus, their variations, deviations, manuscript context, raising the question of their genre – a hagiography–romance hybrid. Then it looks into Anglo-Norman and French versified lives of St Margaret, paying special attention to the so-called G version, immensely popular in Europe and preserved in over one hundred manuscripts. This popularity appears to result from the text’s claim that a copy of the poem can itself act as the saint’s relic.
The St Margaret of the preachers
Authors: Dresvina Juliana
Published: September 2017

Chapter 4 analyses the role given to St Margaret in English sermons, in particular, those found in John Mirk’s Festial and in the Hatton homilies.
A prose life of St Margaret in Bodleian MS Eng. th. e. 18
Authors: Dresvina Juliana
Published: September 2017

Chapter 7 considers a late fifteenth-century prose life of St Margaret found in MS Eng. th. e. 18, Oxford. It is unusual because its source, the Rebdorf passio, had almost no circulation in England. This and the identifiable London scribe of the manuscript suggests the metropolitan origin of this text.
Introduction
Authors: Dresvina Juliana
Published: September 2017

The introduction outlines the subject, sources, methodology, and the scope of the monograph. It then provides the synopsis of St Margaret’s legend – her noble origins, Christian education by the nurse, encounter with the pagan prefect Olibrius, arrest, torture, imprisonment, assault by a demonic dragon, interrogation of the black demon, heavenly apparitions, beheading by Malchus, burial, and posthumous miracles. It then discusses the structure and the content of the legend, highlighting its dichotomies: private–public, country–city, enclosure–spectacle, Christian–pagan, wholeness–fragmentation, and, of course, divine–demonic, action–reaction.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA TEORIA DOS JOGOS, DA ESCOLHA RACIONAL E DO CONCEITO DE CAPITAL SOCIAL PARA O ESTUDO DA COOPERAÇÃO ENTRE SOCIEDADE E PODER PÚBLICO LOCAL
Authors: Bodart Cristiano Das Neves
Published: September 2017

Quais as motivações sustentam uma ação coletiva é uma questão bem presente na Sociologia Política e na Ciência Política. Buscando responder essa indagação frutificaram diversas teorias, dentre elas a Teoria da Escola Racional, a Teoria da Escolha Racional, a Teoria da Mobilização dos recursos e a Teoria do Confronto Política, cada uma delas, com abordagens diferentes e explicações próprias. O presente paper se propõe discutir, a luz das Teorias dos Jogos, da Escolha Racional e do conceito de Capital Social, quais as motivações para a ação coletiva em parceria com o Poder Público local, tomando como estudo de caso uma ação coletiva ocorrida em 2011 no município de Piúma, localizado no sul do Estado do Espírito Santo. Foi realizada uma breve revisão de literatura e entrevistas aos envolvidos na ação coletiva. A incredibilidade nos políticos locais, o individualismo e a racionalidade foram chaves para a ação. Identifica-se que, embora inicialmente não houvesse um estoque significativo de Capital Social, a ação coletiva parece ter criado sinergia participativa e ampliado o estoque desse capital.
AUTONOMIA DE PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA RESIDENTES EM UBERLÂNDIA: UMA APLICAÇÃO DO MODELO GRADE OF MEMBERSHIP
Authors: Guerra Francismara Fernandes , Bertolucci Luiz
Published: September 2017

Propõe-se neste trabalho estabelecer um escore de autonomia de pessoas com deficiência residentes em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, acompanhados em 2004 e 2008, afim de verificar se nesse período houve um ganho de autonomia dos mesmos. A avaliação utilizou um conjunto de variáveis selecionadas a partir dos dados dos Levantamentos de Informações Econômico-Sociais da População com Deficiência no Município de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. E para determinar o escore da autonomia, utilizou-se o Grade of Membership. Observou-se que o ritmo de ganho de autonomia dessa população é lento e que não houve uma melhoria generalizada da autonomia da população com deficiência, nesse período. Acredita-se que esse resultado possa também estar relacionado com o curto prazo de quatro anos de acompanhamento, insuficiente para se promover o aumento da autonomia das pessoas com deficiência; ou ainda que as políticas sociais empreendidas nesse sentido não foram corretamente focalizadas.