bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes and the impact of valve morphology for transcatheter aortic valve replacement in bicuspid aortic valves: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gupta Rahul , Mahmoudi Elham , Behnoush Amir Hossein , Malik Aaqib H. , Mahajan Pranav , Lin Muling , Bandyopadhyay Dhrubajyoti , Goel Akshay , Chakraborty Sandipan , Aedma Surya K. , Gupta Harsh Bala , Vyas Apurva V. , Combs William G. , Mathur Moses , Yakubov Steven J. , Patel Nainesh C.
Published: August 2023

Background

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is present in approximately 0.5%–2% of the general population, causing significant aortic stenosis (AS) in 12%–37% of affected individuals. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is being considered the treatment of choice in patients with symptomatic AS across all risk spectra.

Aim

Aim Our study aims to compare TAVR outcomes in patients with BAV versus tricuspid aortic valves (TAV).

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane trials. Studies were included if they included BAV and TAV patients undergoing TAVR with quantitative data available for at least one of our predefined outcomes. Meta‐analysis was performed by the random‐effects model using Stata software.

Results

Fifty studies of 203,288 patients were included. BAV patients had increased 30‐day all‐cause mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.23 [1.00–1.50], p = 0.05), in‐hospital stroke (OR = 1.39 [1.01–1.93], p = 0.05), in‐hospital and 30‐day PPI (OR = 1.13 [1.00–1.27], p = 0.04; OR = 1.16 [1.04–1.13], p = 0.01) and in‐hospital, 30‐day and 1‐year aortic regurgitation (AR) (OR = 1.48 [1.19–1.83], p < 0.01; OR = 1.79 [1.26–2.52], p < 0.01; OR = 1.64 [1.03–2.60], p = 0.04). Subgroup analysis on new‐generation valves showed a reduced 1‐year all‐cause mortality (OR = 0.86 [CI = 0.75–0.98], p = 0.03), despite higher in‐hospital and 30‐day PPI (OR = 0.1.21 [1.04–1.41], p = 0.01; OR = 1.17 [1.05–1.31], p = 0.01) and in‐hospital AR (OR = 1.62 [1.14–2.31], p = 0.01) in the BAV group. The quality of included studies was moderate‐to‐high, and only three analyses presented high heterogeneity.

Conclusion

TAVR is associated with comparable outcomes in patients with BAV and TAV. Careful selection of BAV cases by preprocedural assessment of valve anatomy and burden of calcification, pre‐ and post‐procedural dilation, and implementing newer generations of valves may improve the safety and efficacy of TAVR in BAV patients.
Structure‐property Relationship of Double Perovskite Oxide towards Trifunctional Electrocatalytic Activity: Strategy for Designing and Development
Authors: Rom Tanmay , Poojita  , Paul Avijit Kumar
Published: August 2023

In the present scenario, the paramount significant roles of various heterogeneous catalysts stimulate the modern technologies to underpin the benchmark requirements for the generation of sustainable energy by reducing toxic fossil fuel emissions. Such critical role necessitates further development of cost‐effective highly efficient and earth‐abundant multifunctional or trifunctional electrocatalysts to promote the advancement of electrochemical overall water splitting performances, yet it is extremely desirable. In this review context, we present the development of double perovskite (DP) oxides as robust trifunctional catalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) by rational design of multiple cationic redox sites with stoichiometric oxygen amount. Particularly, we highlight the importance of the structural modifications via doping, surface structure and oxygen stoichiometry as key parameters to tune the electrocatalytic activities and understand the insight into activity and mechanism of this oxide family. This perspective also describes controlled synthesis protocols including the surface structure of double perovskite oxides are key techniques for realizing a correlation between structure‐activity relationships of these materials. Finally, it is concluded by outlining the several aspects of optimization strategies and computational opportunities can expand the future scope of double perovskite oxides as robust trifunctional electrocatalysts.
Supercritical CO2 Mediated Multi‐scale Structural Engineering in PdCu/C for Boosting Electrocatalytic Formic Acid Oxidation
Authors: Ge Tianpei , Cui Wenhui , Gao Bo , Tian Qingyong , Liu Hongpo , Wu Wenzhuo , Xu Qun
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, PdCu alloy nanocatalyst with excellent performance in electrocatalytic formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) is believed to have great potential in application of direct formic acid fuel cells. Structural engineering has shown great success in achieving PdCu alloys with high catalytic performance, while achievement of multi‐scale structure engineering is still a great challenge. In this work, we found that supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) could lead to multi‐scale structure engineering in PdCu/C nanocatalysts, including surface defect engineering, phase engineering, morphology engineering and substrate structure engineering. With the assistance of SC CO2, amorphous phase in surface, the transformation from face‐centered cubic (FCC) to body‐centered cubic (BCC) phase, the morphology of 2D nanoflakes and the curved carbon as substrate all contribute to the ultrahigh mass activity for electrocatalytic FAOR as 3624.3 mA/mgPd in PdCu/C nanocatalysts, which is the highest value in PdCu alloy reported up to now. Therefore, this work not only displays the great potential of SC CO2 in multi‐scale structure engineering, but also provides new inspiration of material design to achieve nanocatalysts with ultrahigh catalytic performance.
Binary Metallic CuCo5S8 Anode for High Volumetric Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Hui Da , Liu Jingyi Y. , Pan Feilong L. , Chen Nan , Wei Zhixuan X. , Zeng Yi , Yao Shiyu Y. , Du Fei
Published: August 2023

With the rapid improvement of compact smart devices, fabricating anode materials with high volumetric capacity has gained substantial interest for future sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) applications. Herein, a novel bimetal sulfide CuCo5S8 material is proposed with enhanced volumetric capacity due to the intrinsic metallic electronic conductivity of the material and multi‐electron transfer during electrochemical procedures. Due to the intrinsic metallic behavior, the conducting additive (CA) could be removed from the electrode fabrication without scarifying the high rate capability. The CA‐free CuCo5S8 electrode can achieve a high volumetric capacity of 1436.4 mA h cm−3 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 and 100 % capacity retention over 2000 cycles in SIBs, outperforming most metal chalcogenides, owing to the enhanced electrode density. Reversible conversion reactions are revealed by combined measurements for sodium systems. The proposed new strategy offers a viable approach for developing innovative anode materials with high‐volumetric capacity.
Intramolecular Through‐Space Double‐Electron Transfer Between A Pair of Redox‐Active Guanidine Units Aligned by Dithiolate Bridges
Authors: Wild Ute , Hübner Olaf , Meiners Paul , Kaifer Elisabeth , Enders Markus , Himmel Hans‐Jörg
Published: August 2023

Using unconventional synthesis protocols, two redox‐active triguanidine units are connected by a dithiolate bridge, aligning the two redox‐active units in close proximity. The reduced, neutral and the tetracationic redox states with two dicationic triguanidine units are isolated and fully characterized. Then, the dicationic redox states are prepared by mixing the neutral and tetracationic molecules. At low temperatures, the dications are diamagnetic (singlet ground state) with two different triguanidine units (neutral and dicationic). At room temperature, the triplet state with two radical monocationic triguanidine units is populated. At low temperature (210 K), chemical exchange by intramolecular through‐space electron‐transfer between the two triguanidine units is evidenced by EXSY NMR spectroscopy. Intramolecular through‐space transfer of two electrons from the neutral to the dicationic triguanidine unit is accompanied by migration of the counterions in opposite direction. The rate of double‐electron transfer critically depends on the bridge. No electron‐transfer is measured in the absence of a bridge (in a mixture of one dicationic and one neutral triguanidine), and relatively slow electron transfer if the bridge does not allow the two triguanidine units to approach each other close enough. The results give detailed, quantitative insight into the factors that influence intramolecular through‐space double‐electron‐transfer processes.
Water‐Dispersible Carbon Nano‐Test Tubes as a Container for Concentrated DNA Molecules
Authors: Hoshikawa Yasuto , Kanno Yasuyuki , Tawata Hanako , Sagae Takuya , Ishii Takafumi , Imoto Shuhei , Hagihara Shinya , Wada Takehiko , Nagatsugi Fumi , Aziz Alex , Nishihara Hirotomo , Kyotani Takashi , Itoh Tetsuji
Published: August 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue are Takashi Kyotani, Tetsuji Itoh and co‐workers at Tohoku University, Gunma University and AIST. The image depicts the synthesis of water‐dispersible carbon nano‐test tubes by using a template technique and the selective adsorption of DNA into the inner space of these test tubes. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202301422.
Free‐energy lattice Boltzmann simulations of slicing of rising droplets
Authors: Cao Jiawei , Liu Fengjiao , Wang Shipeng , Li Xiang , Zhang Lijuan , Lu Jie , Derksen Jos J.
Published: August 2023

We performed two‐dimensional simulations of the slicing of a rising droplet by a vertical knife and by two knives. We used a free‐energy lattice Boltzmann method. Most simulations are for an Eötvös number of 3.96 and a Morton number of 1.24 ×  . We carefully probed effects of the spatial resolution on the rising speed and slicing process. The effect of wettability of the knife(s) was studied by varying the equilibrium contact angle of the drop on the knife in the range of 45° to 135°. Slicing time as well as fine droplet fragments staying behind on the knife depend on the knife's wettability.
Soilless remediation of the fine carbonate‐rich gold‐copper mine tailings
Authors: Xia Ling , Bi Yujing , Cui Xu , Liu Xu , Zhou Keqiang , Song Shaoxian , Zhu Jiang , Li Hongqiang , Hu Yong
Published: August 2023

Soil remediation with minimum amendments is a good strategy for tailings disposal. Carbonate‐rich gold‐copper mine tailings occurring alongside the Yangzi River, China, were employed as the objective in this study. They showed the characteristics of fine particles and alkaline pH with high density and low nutrition. The amendments including bacterial fertilizer (BF), polymer, peat, straw, and compound fertilizer (CF) were used for soilless remediation on the tailings. Soil quality index (SQI) involved in tailing properties and growth characteristics of ryegrass was used to optimize the combination of amendments. The results showed that the optimum amendment combination was 0.2% BF + 0.6% CF + 0.2% polymer + 10% peat and 2% straw. Tailing nutrients such as soil organic matter (5.56%), available nitrogen (93.6 mg kg−1), available phosphorus (51.7 mg kg−1), available potassium (711 mg kg−1), and ryegrass exhibited the highest germination rate and biomass level under the optimal improvement conditions. Additional environmental assessments revealed that soilless treatment of the tailings helped to convert Cu, Zn, and As into residual forms. These findings show a good strategy for tailings soil improvement and provide a promising perspective of the soilless remediation for fine carbonate‐rich metal tailings.
Advancing immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Carlisle Jennifer W. , Leal Ticiana
Published: August 2023

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rapidly progressive neuroendocrine carcinoma that, until recently, had a very small armamentarium of effective treatments. Advances in DNA sequencing and whole transcriptomics have delineated key subtypes; therefore, SCLC is no longer viewed as a homogeneous cancer. Chemoimmunotherapy with PD1 blockade is now the standard of care for advanced disease, and ongoing research efforts are moving this strategy into the limited stage setting. Combination strategies of immunotherapy with radiation are also under active clinical trial in both limited and extensive stage disease.

Plain Language Summary

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rapidly progressive neuroendocrine carcinoma that, until recently, had a very small armamentarium of effective treatments.

Chemoimmunotherapy with immune check point inhibitors is now the standard of care for advanced disease.

This comprehensive review provides an overview of current treatment strategies for SCLC, unmet needs in this patient population, and emerging treatment strategies incorporating immunotherapy that will hopefully further improve outcomes for patients.
High Platelet Reactivity Combined with CYP2C19 Genotype in Predicting Outcomes in East Asian Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Kim Se‐Eun , Jeon Ho‐Sung , Go Tae‐Hwa , Lee Jung‐Hee , Lee Jun‐Won , Youn Young Jin , Kim Byeong‐Keuk , Joo Hyung Joon , Lim Do‐Sun , Chang Kiyuk , Park Yongwhi , Song Young Bin , Suh Jung‐Won , Lee Sang Yeob , Cho Jung Rae , Her Ae‐Young , Kim Hyo‐Soo , Kim Moo Hyun , Shin Eun‐Seok , Gorog Diana A. , Tantry Udaya S. , Gurbel Paul A. , Jeong Young‐Hoon , Ahn Sung Gyun ,   the PTRG‐DES consortium investigators
Published: August 2023

Loss‐of‐function (LoF) alleles of cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19), which are prevalent in East Asians, are linked to high platelet reactivity (HPR) phenotype and poor prognosis. We aimed to investigate the incremental predictive value of HPR combined with CYP2C19 genotype in predicting outcomes after drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation. The patients treated with platelet function and genotype‐related long‐term prognosis in drug‐eluting stent (PTRG‐DES) consortium enrolled a total of 13,160 Korean patients treated with DES who had platelet function test (PFT) or CYP2C19 genotype, of which, 6,717 patients with PFT and genotype together were categorized. HPR was defined as VerifyNow ≥ 252 P2Y12 reaction unit. The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) 5 years after treatment. The patients with both HPR and CYP2C19 LoF/LoF had the highest MACCE rates (6.2%) and increased MACCE risk (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.89, 95% confidence interval: 1.20–2.91, P = 0.006) compared with those without both HPR and CYP2C19 LoF/LoF. There was no effect of interaction between HPR and CYP2C19 genotype on the primary outcome (P = 0.424). Adding combined HPR and CYP2C19 genotype to the conventional model had an incremental influence in predicting MACCE and stent thrombosis. Compared to the model including HPR or CYP2C19 genotype alone, a combination model significantly improved the risk stratification for stent thrombosis but not MACCE. In DES‐treated East Asian patients, the combined evaluation of PFT results and CYP2C19 genotyping might improve risk prediction of ischemic events during clopidogrel treatment.
Prevention and management of drug‐induced osteonecrosis of the jaws using platelet‐rich fibrin: A clinical feasibility study
Authors: Alrmali Abdusalam , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Kurdi Salaheddin Mohamed S. , Sabri Hamoun , Meghil Mohamed M. , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: August 2023

Objective

Although a standard treatment guideline has not been established to date, various treatment modalities have been described in the literature based on the staging of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). The aim of this case series was to describe the outcomes of surgical intervention of MRONJ cases with the adjunctive use of platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF).

Materials and Methods

Thirteen patients under therapy with zoledronic acid, seven of them underwent surgical removal of necrotic bone with debridement, followed by placement of three to four PRF membranes and achieving primary closure. In six patients, PRF was used preventively to avoid MRONJ.

Results

The surgical treatment outcomes were successful in all patients, with a follow‐up range of 12–48 months. In the presented cases, the intraoral evaluation showed excellent soft tissue healing except for one patient secondary wound healing was reported. Additionally, there was no recurrence of bone exposure in all cases. PRF membranes were comparatively effective in postsurgical pain control.

Conclusion

The use of PRF could represent a valuable adjunct in the surgical management for advanced stages of MRONJ cases.

Clinical Relevance

This clinical case series describes the use of PRF membranes as a valuable adjunct in the surgical management of MRONJ patients, especially when treating advanced MRONJ cases. Moreover, PRF demonstrates usefulness in preventing such difficult complications from occurring.
CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals for Photocatalytic [3+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Lin Yixiong , Yan Yong
Published: August 2023

Visible‐light‐induced halide‐exchange between halide perovskite and organohalide solvents has been studied in which photoinduced electron transfer from CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) to dihalomethane solvent molecules produces halide anions via reductive dissociation, followed by a spontaneous anion‐exchange. Photogenerated holes in this process are less focused. Here, for CsPbBr3 in dibromomethane (DBM), we discover that Br radical (Br⋅) is a key intermediate resulting from the hole oxidation. We successfully trapped Br⋅ with reported methods and found that Br⋅ is continuously generated in DBM under visible light irradiation, hence imperative for catalytic reaction design. Continuous Br⋅ formation within this halide‐exchange process is active for photocatalytic [3+2] cycloaddition for vinylcyclopentane synthesis, a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, with good yield and rationalized diastereoselectivity. The NC photocatalyst is highly recyclable due to Br‐based self‐healing, leading to a particularly economic and neat heterogeneous reaction where the solvent DBM also acts as a co‐catalyst in perovskite photocatalysis. Halide perovskites, notable for efficient solar energy conversion, are demonstrated as exceptional photocatalysts for Br radical‐mediated [3+2] cycloaddition. We envisage such perovskite‐induced Br radical strategy may serve as a powerful chemical tool for developing valuable halogen radical‐involved reactions.
Role of miR‐15a‐5p and miR‐199a‐3p in the inflammatory pathway regulated by NF‐κB in experimental and human atherosclerosis
Authors: González‐López Paula , Álvarez‐Villarreal Marta , Ruiz‐Simón Rubén , López‐Pastor Andrea R. , de Ceniga Melina Vega , Esparza Leticia , Martín‐Ventura José L. , Escribano Óscar , Gómez‐Hernández Almudena
Published: August 2023

Background

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) prevalence has significantly increased in the last decade and atherosclerosis development is the main trigger. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non‐coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression of their target and their levels are frequently altered in CVDs.

Methods

By RT‐qPCR, we analysed miR‐9‐5p, miR‐15a‐5p, miR‐16‐5p and miR‐199a‐3p levels in aorta from apolipoprotein knockout (ApoE−/−) mice, an experimental model of hyperlipidemia‐induced atherosclerosis, and in human aortic and carotid atherosclerotic samples. By in silico studies, Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence studies, we detected the targets of the altered miRNAs.

Results

Our results show that miR‐15a‐5p and miR‐199a‐3p are significantly decreased in carotid and aortic samples from patients and mice with atherosclerosis. In addition, we found an increased expression in targets of both miRNAs that participate in the inflammatory pathway of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), such as IKKα, IKKβ and p65. In human vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the overexpression of miR‐15a‐5p or miR‐199a‐3p decreased IKKα, IKKβ and p65 protein levels as well as NF‐κB activation. On the other hand, miR‐15a‐5p and miR‐199a‐3p overexpression reduced ox‐LDL uptake and the inflammation regulated by NF‐κB in VSMCs. Moreover, although miR‐15a‐5p and miR‐199a‐3p were significantly increased in exosomes from patients with advanced carotid atherosclerosis, only in the ROC analyses for miR‐15a‐5p, the area under the curve was 0.8951 with a p value of .0028.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the decrease of miR‐199a‐3p and miR‐15a‐5p in vascular samples from human and experimental atherosclerosis could be involved in the NF‐κB activation pathway, as well as in ox‐LDL uptake by VSMCs, contributing to inflammation and progression atherosclerosis. Finally, miR‐15a‐5p could be used as a novel diagnostic biomarker for advanced atherosclerosis.
Feedback levels and their interaction with the mathematical reasoning process
Authors: Smit Robbert , Bachmann Patricia , Dober Heidi , Hess Kurt
Published: August 2023

In our multi‐method study, feedback levels derived from the well‐known feedback model of Hattie and Timperley were used in conjunction with feedback that was related to subject‐specific content; here, mathematical reasoning tasks in primary school. Feedback needs to be aligned with the learning process; in the beginning, more task feedback is valuable. Based on the analyses of videos and questionnaires of 44 teachers of 5th‐ and 6th‐grade primary school classes (N = 804), we demonstrated that feedback for finding an approach and operationalisation were related to feedback on the task. We further showed that feedback at the task level predicted students' achievement in mathematical reasoning via students' interest in mathematics. It might be concluded that the four levels of feedback should be applied by teachers in such a way that they focus on the current problem that is occurring while the student is solving a task.
HLA DQ protein changes the cell surface distribution pattern of HLA proteins as monitored by Förster resonance energy transfer and high‐resolution electron microscopy
Authors: Kormos József , Veres Adrienn J. , Imre László , Mátyus László , Benkő Szilvia , Szöllősi János , Jenei Attila
Published: August 2023

Peptide presentation by MHC class I and MHC class II molecules plays important roles in the regulation of the immune response. One factor in these displays is the density of antigen, which must exceed a critical threshold for the effective activation of T cells. Nonrandom distribution of MHC class I and class II has already been detected at the nanometer level and at higher hierarchical levels. It is not clear how the absence and reappearance of some protein molecules can influence the nonrandom distribution. Therefore, we performed experiments on HLA II‐deficient bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS1) cells: we created a stable transfected cell line, tDQ6‐BLS‐1, and were able to detect the effect of the appearance of HLA‐DQ6 molecules on the homo and heteroassociation of different cell surface molecules by comparing Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency on transfected cells to that on nontransfected BLS‐1 and JY human B‐cell lines. Our FRET results show a decrease in homoassociation FRET between HLA I chains in HLA‐DQ6‐transfected tDQ6‐BLS‐1 cells compared with the parent BLS‐1 cell line and an increase in heteroassociation FRET between HLA I and HLA II (compared with JY cells), suggesting a similar pattern of antigen presentation by the HLA‐DQ6 allele. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that both HLA class I and class II molecules formed clusters at higher hierarchical levels on the tDQ6‐BLS‐1 cells, and the de novo synthesized HLA DQ molecules did not intersperse with HLA class I islands. These observations could be important in understanding the fine tuning of the immune response.
Ghost introgression facilitates genomic divergence of a sympatric cryptic lineage in Cycas revoluta
Authors: Chang Jui‐Tse , Nakamura Koh , Chao Chien‐Ti , Luo Min‐Xin , Liao Pei‐Chun
Published: August 2023

A cryptic lineage is a genetically diverged but morphologically unrecognized variant of a known species. Clarifying cryptic lineage evolution is essential for quantifying species diversity. In sympatric cryptic lineage divergence compared with allopatric divergence, the forces of divergent selection and mating patterns override geographical isolation. Introgression, by supplying preadapted or neutral standing genetic variations, can promote sympatric cryptic lineage divergence via selection. However, most studies concentrated on extant species introgression, ignoring the genetic legacy of introgression from extinct or unsampled lineages (“ghost introgression”). Cycads are an ideal plant for studying the influence of ghost introgression because of their common interspecific gene flow and past high extinction rate. Here, we utilized reference‐based ddRADseq to clarify the role of ghost introgression in the evolution of a previously identified sympatric cryptic lineage in Cycas revoluta. After re‐evaluating the evolutionary independency of cryptic lineages, the group‐wise diverged single‐nucleotide polymorphisms among sympatric and allopatric lineages were compared and functionally annotated. Next, we employed an approximate Bayesian computation method for hypothesis testing to clarify the cryptic lineage evolution and ghost introgression effect. SNPs with the genomic signatures of ghost introgression were further annotated. Our results reconfirmed the evolutionary independency of cryptic lineage among C. revoluta and demonstrated that ghost introgression to the noncryptic lineage facilitated their divergence. Gene function related to heat stress and disease resistance implied ecological adaptation of the main extant populations of C. revoluta.
Effects of bedtime mouthwash use on sleep: A field sleep study using wristwatch‐type heart rate monitoring devise
Authors: Ishikawa Mami , Mon‐Nai Yusuke , Hirono Ayana , Oshima Yoshiyuki , Nomura Shusaku
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to test the efficacy of a mint‐flavored mouthwash when it is used at bedtime for subsequent sleep in a field study setting, using a wristwatch‐type heart rate (HR) monitoring devise. Using a within‐subject experimental design, twenty healthy adults used three types of mouthwash having a different intensity of mint sensation (or water as a control) per one experiment night just before going to bed at their home environment, in a counterbalanced order. As for results, irrespective of the intensity of mint‐flavored mouthwashes, the subjective score for “fatigue” and “refreshing” before sleep was decreased and increased, respectively. In addition, although a significant inhibition of HR decline in the sleep initiation period (0–30 min after bedtime) was observed with the use of mint‐flavored mouthwashes compared with the control, the trend reversed subsequently as HR trended lower than for the control during 2–6 h after the bedtime. These findings suggest that the using mint‐flavored mouthwashes at bedtime induces a positive mood before sleep and may improve physiological sleep. Moreover, this study illustrated the possible application and significant advantage of the use of wristwatch‐type HR monitoring devise in a context of field study.
Rhodium‐Catalysed Selective C−H Allylation of 1H‐Indazoles with Vinylethylene Carbonate: Easily Introducing Allylic Alcohol
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Huang Junwei , Feng Yadong , Cui Xiuling
Published: August 2023

An efficient rhodium(III)‐catalysed C−H activation of 3‐aryl‐1‐H‐indazoles with easily available vinylethylene carbonate has been reported. A series of allyl alcohol substituted 3‐aryl‐1‐H‐indazoles were obtained with broad functional groups tolerance and favourable stereoselectivity. Notably, C−H and C−O bonds were selectively activated in “one pot” manner, releasing CO2 as the sole by‐product and avoiding external oxidant. This protocol provides a powerful approach for the post stage C−H allylation of indazole‐based substrates.
Beyond trial‐and‐error: Individualizing therapeutic transcranial neuromodulation for chronic pain
Authors: Ciampi de Andrade Daniel , García‐Larrea Luís
Published: August 2023

Background and Objective

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the motor cortex provides supplementary relief for some individuals with chronic pain who are refractory to pharmacological treatment. As rTMS slowly enters treatment guidelines for pain relief, its starts to be confronted with challenges long known to pharmacological approaches: efficacy at the group‐level does not grant pain relief for a particular patient. In this review, we present and discuss a series of ongoing attempts to overcome this therapeutic challenge in a personalized medicine framework.

Databases and Data Treatment

Relevant scientific publications published in main databases such as PubMed and EMBASE from inception until March 2023 were systematically assessed, as well as a wide number of studies dedicated to the exploration of the mechanistic grounds of rTMS analgesic effects in humans, primates and rodents.

Results

The main strategies reported to personalize cortical neuromodulation are: (i) the use of rTMS to predict individual response to implanted motor cortex stimulation; (ii) modifications of motor cortex stimulation patterns; (iii) stimulation of extra‐motor targets; (iv) assessment of individual cortical networks and rhythms to personalize treatment; (v) deep sensory phenotyping; (vi) personalization of location, precision and intensity of motor rTMS. All approaches except (i) have so far low or moderate levels of evidence.

Conclusions

Although current evidence for most strategies under study remains at best moderate, the multiple mechanisms set up by cortical stimulation are an advantage over single‐target ‘clean’ drugs, as they can influence multiple pathophysiologic paths and offer multiple possibilities of individualization.

Significance

Non‐invasive neuromodulation is on the verge of personalised medicine. Strategies ranging from integration of detailed clinical phenotyping into treatment design to advanced patient neurophysiological characterisation are being actively explored and creating a framework for actual individualisation of care.
A monolithic stationary phase with dendritic nanostructures for the separation of PEGylated proteins
Authors: De los Santos‐González Beatriz E. , Ibarra‐Herrera Celeste C. , Valencia‐Gallegos Jesús A. , Mata‐Gómez Marco A. , González‐Valdez José
Published: August 2023

Separation of PEGylated protein mixtures into individual species is a challenging procedure, and many efforts have been focused on creating novel chromatographic supports for this purpose. In this study, a new monolithic stationary phase with hyperbranched nanostructures was chemically synthesized. For this, monoliths with a support matrix of poly (glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) and ethylenediamine chemistry were modified with third‐generation dendrons with butyl‐end groups. The new monolith was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, confirming the dendron with butyl ligands and exhibited low mass transfer resistance as observed by breakthrough frontal analysis. This support was able to separate mono‐PEG ribonuclease A from the PEGylation mixture, indicated by a single band (∼30 kDa) in the electrophoretic analysis. Moreover, the separation of mono‐PEGylated positional isomers was probably observed, as the protein with ∼30 kDa was found in two separate peaks. Interestingly, the dendronized monolith allowed the separation of the reaction mixture into individual PEGylated species when using high ammonium sulfate concentrations (2 M). A correlation between the PEGylation degree and the strength of the hydrophobic interactions on the monolith was observed. This chromatographic approach combines the natural branched architecture of dendrons and the higher capabilities of the monoliths enhancing the hydrophobic surface area, and therefore the interaction between the PEGylated proteins and ligands. Thus, the novel support represents a novel platform for the purification of PEGylated from non‐PEGylated proteins with biotechnological applications.
Computational modeling of Prandtl‐nanofluid flow using exponentially vertical surface in terms of chemical reaction
Authors: Biswas Rajib , Falodun B. O. , Islam Nazmul , Ahmmed Sarder Firoz , Mishra S. R. , Afikuzzaman Mohammad
Published: August 2023

Current study examined the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Prandtl nanofluid of a thermal double‐diffusive flow through an exponentially vertical surface in association with heat generation, and thermophoresis effect. The novelty of this study is due to the analysis of Prandtl nanofluid model with Soret mechanism and chemically responding fluids. This suggested model is beneficial since it can significantly advance the domains of thermal and industrial engineering. The fluid flow phenomenon is characterized by nonlinear coupled differential equations involving two or more independent variables. A suitable numerical technique is used to handle the set of governing equations along with a stability and convergence analysis. According to recent study, the fluid velocity increases since all the parameters are set to higher levels. For the various parametric values, isotherms and streamlines have been explored. This suggested model is beneficial since it can significantly advance the domains of thermal and industrial engineering. For instance, thermal radiation is crucial in designing sophisticated energy‐transformed systems that operate at high temperatures. On the other hand, the phenomenon of Soret is useful in separating isotopes in chemical engineering. An important findings of the current investigations can be treated as, radiative heat encourages fluid temperature distribution since it is the measure of the electromagnetic element radiates from the fluid particle that convert it into thermal radiation. These studies have several applications in the manufacturing and biomedical fields, petrochemical industries, automobiles, medical sciences, and various production processes in industries.
Dynamic behavior analysis method for the normal and faulty drivetrain of wind turbine under multi‐working conditions
Authors: Huang Yuhao , Liu ShanJian , Chen Huanguo , Dai Juchuan , Wang Xutao , Tao Hanyu
Published: August 2023

Due to the random fluctuation of wind energy, the working conditions of the drivetrain have complex time‐varying characteristics. To deeply understand time‐varying dynamic behavior, a dynamic behavior method for normal and faulty drivetrain under multiple operating status is proposed. First, the working condition is divided into multiple working conditions by combining the control principle of the wind turbine with the K‐means clustering algorithm. Second, the torsional dynamics model of the drivetrain is established, solved, and verified. Finally, the dynamic behavior of normal and faulty drivetrain under multiple working conditions is analyzed. The dynamic behavior of drivetrain in normal and faulty states under different working conditions can be determined by the method proposed in this paper, which is affected by the system itself, external load, and the control strategy of the wind turbine. At the same time, the fault‐sensitive working condition range and the fault feature index under each working condition are determined. This research can provide an important theoretical basis for variable condition fault diagnosis.
Method of defining rock damage variable on the basis of wave impedance
Authors: Li Weiyu , Fang Shizheng , Gao Xin , Han Yidan
Published: August 2023

A method of determining rock damage variable from wave impedance, which is suitable for the study of dynamics, is presented. The determined variable provides a more reasonable quantitative description of the degree of rock damage. First, the Taylor model of mesoscopic damage mechanics is used to derive the relationship between the velocity of longitudinal waves and the density of rock materials. Based on the measured data of rock samples with different lithology and the same lithology, the relationship between the longitudinal wave velocity and density of rock materials is studied. It is demonstrated that using the wave impedance to define the rock damage variable has advantages over using the P‐wave velocity. Second, the relationship between the wave impedance and degree of damage to the rock material is studied using an electron microscope and ultrasonic testing technology, and the microstructure of rock samples with a wave impedance gradient and time–frequency‐domain characteristics of the ultrasonic signals are compared and analyzed. It is found that it is feasible to determine the damage degree of the rock from the wave impedance. Finally, a method of defining rock damage variable with the wave impedance is further proposed and its rationality verified. The research results show that there is a good positive correlation between the longitudinal wave velocity and density of rock materials, and there is a strong correlation between the degree of rock damage and its wave impedance. The damage variable defined by wave impedance can better reflect the damage state and damage evolution process of rock.
Textual emotion analysis using improved metaheuristics with deep learning model for intelligent systems
Authors: Alohali Manal Abdullah , Alasmari Naif , Almalki Nabil Sharaf , Khalid Majdi , Alnfiai Mrim M. , Assiri Mohammed , Abdelbagi Sitelbanat
Published: August 2023

Complex, intelligent systems, namely social network services (SNS), internet‐of‐things (IoT), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and so on have become a crucial part of our day‐to‐day life. The dynamics of this system alter human behaviors in various forms. Therefore, it is important to understand the fundamental dynamics of the system and what it involves for user sentiment. Emotion analysis is a commonly used and very powerful analysis methodology in data mining. It gives an outstanding option to evaluate, determine, understand, and monitor the sentiments of consumers with respect to a service or a product. This article focuses on the design of textual emotion analysis using the improved metaheuristics with deep learning (TEA‐IMWDL) model for intellectual systems. The goal of the TEA‐IMWDL technique lies in the identification and classification of emotions that exist in social media content. To attain this, the presented TEA‐IMWDL technique undergoes preprocessing to make the input data compatible with the latter stages of processing. For the word embedding process, the Fast text approach is utilized in this study. Next, the long short term memory‐recurrent neural network (LSTM‐RNN) method can be enforced for the emotion classification procedure. To boost the classification efficiency of the LSTM‐RNN model, an improved gravitational search optimization algorithm (IGSA) based hyperparameter tuning process is involved in this study. A brief set of simulation analyses of the TEA‐IMWDL technique is carried out and the results are tested on a benchmark dataset. The experimental outcomes demonstrate the enhanced performance of the TEA‐IMWDL technique over other recent approaches.
Ultrasonication/dynamic maceration‐assisted extraction method as a novel combined approach for recovery of phenolic compounds from pomegranate peel
Authors: Andishmand Hashem , Masoumi Behzad , Torbati Mohammadali , Homayouni‐Rad Aziz , Azadmard‐Damirchi Sodeif , Hamishehkar Hamed
Published: August 2023

According to recent studies, pomegranate peel (PP) has the potential to be inverted from environmental pollutant waste to wealth due to possessing valuable phenolic compounds at a higher amount compared to edible parts. So far, different types of biological activities such as antimutagenic, antiproliferative, anti‐inflammatory, and chemo‐preventive properties were stated for pomegranate peel extract (PPE) according to chemical composition. In the present research, the probable intensifying effects of two extraction methods and optimum conditions for novel combined method of ultrasonication and dynamic maceration‐assisted extraction of PPE using response surface methodology (RSM) were determined. A Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize three extraction variables, including sonication time (X1), sonication temperature (X2), and stirring speed (X3) for the achievement of high extraction yield of the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The optimized conditions to obtain maximum extraction efficiency were determined as X1 = 70 min, X2 = 61.8°C, and X3 = 1000 rpm. The experimental values were in line with the values anticipated by RSM models, which indicates the appropriateness of the applied quadratic model and the accomplishment of RSM in optimizing the extraction conditions. The results suggest that the extraction of PPE by mix of ultrasonication as a modern method and dynamic maceration as a conventional method could improve its bioactive extractability and the obtained values were higher than any of the methods used. In other words, these two methods together have intensifying effects in increasing extraction efficiency which could further be utilized in food and agricultural industry.
Outcomes for oligometastatic head and neck cancer treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy: Results from an international multi‐institutional consortium
Authors: Id Said Badr , Mutsaers Adam , Chen Hanbo , Husain Zain A. , Biswas Tithi , Dagan Roi , Erler Darby , Foote Matthew , Louie Alexander V. , Redmond Kristin , Ricardi Umberto , Sahgal Arjun , Poon Ian
Published: August 2023

Background

We report the results of an international multi‐institutional cohort of oligometastatic (OMD) head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated with SBRT.

Methods

Patients with OMD HNC (≤5 metastases) treated with SBRT between 2008 and 2016 at six institutions were included. Treated metastasis control (TMC), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by multivariable analysis (MVA).

Results

Forty‐two patients with 84 HNC oligometastases were analyzed. The TMC rate at 1 and 2 years were 80% and 66%, with a median time to recurrence of 10.1 months. The median PFS and OS were 4.7 and 23.3 months. MVA identified a PTV point maximum (BED)10 > 100 Gy as a predictor of improved TMC (HR = 0.31, p = 0.034), and a cumulative PTV > 48 cc as having worse PFS (HR = 2.99, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Favorable TMC and OS was observed in OMD HNCs treated with SBRT.
Identification of work‐related injuries among Dhokra handicraft artisans influencing sustainable growth of bell metal handicraft industry: An unorganized sector of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Sahu Avinash , Pandit Sangeeta , Kamble Rajat
Published: August 2023

Handicraft is the backbone of rural economy of countries of South Asia and Southeast Asia. Bell metal handicraft known as “Dhokra craft,” is an important metal handicraft practiced in India. Commercialization of this craft industry has increased working hours but the business model is still cottage‐based. Manual manufacturing for commercial needs has increased incidence of hand injuries among the artisans affecting sustainable growth. The objective of this research is to find the cause of work‐related hand injuries of the artisans of bell metal handicraft industry to provide direction for future research. Occupational risk on hands were identified using Modified Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Severity of hand symptoms were assessed by Modified Boston Hand Evaluation Questionnaire. Direct observation and task analysis was further used to understand the risk involved in the job. Use of hand tools and power tools play significant role in the development of hand injuries among the artisans. Hand problems such as amputation, burning marks, loss of sensitivity, and tingling sensation were highly observed among artisans, those with experience >31 years. Experienced artisans undergo more occupational hand injuries, causing absenteeism, job turnover, and job loss. This ultimately affects the sustainable growth of the Dhokra trade community.
The roles of chaplains in dispelling cancer myths in Nigeria: A narrative review
Authors: Salami Afeez A. , Kanmodi Kehinde K. , Amzat Jimoh
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims

The epidemiological burden of cancer in Africa, and Nigeria in particular, has been increasing significantly over the past few decades due to exposure to numerous risk factors as well as belief in various myths and misconceptions. Chaplains can play crucial roles in dispelling these myths and misconceptions about cancer among people. Therefore, this study seeks to review the epidemiological burden, risk factors, and myths relating to cancer and the roles of chaplains in dispelling cancer myths in Nigeria.

Methods

This paper is a narrative review that relied on secondary sources obtained through a thorough literature search of relevant articles on multiple electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Published books, journal articles, and other published materials that were written in English were consulted in line with the objectives of this study. Both theoretical and empirical papers were used for this review.

Results

Cancers are associated with risk factors including exposure to chemicals, ultraviolet radiation, harmful tobacco and alcohol use, exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV), and these factors may vary with age, cultural beliefs (myths and misconceptions), and socioeconomic factors among others. Chaplains, however, have crucial roles to play in dispelling cancer myths in Nigeria. These roles include counseling, advocacy, education, and psycho‐social support which may be limited by challenges such as spiritual ambiguity, inadequate training of healthcare providers and limited time/resources. These challenges can be addressed by training healthcare providers and incorporating chaplain practice in Nigerian healthcare.

Conclusion

The role of chaplains in dispelling cancer myths in Nigeria is crucial despite the numerous challenges. Hence, an urgent address of these challenges will be instrumental in ensuring effective chaplain practice in Nigeria.
Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among individuals with obesity: A protocol for a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sadeghi Alireza , Dehdari Ebrahimi Niloofar
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims

Modern populations are prone to obesity, as sedentary lifestyles prevail globally. Previous research has shown that obesity and Helicobacter pylori are mutually associated. However, the global prevalence of H. pylori among individuals with obesity is not yet determined.

Methods

A comprehensive search will be conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science online databases for studies that have reported the prevalence of H. pylori infection among individuals with obesity. Cross‐sectional, case–control, and cohort studies will be included if reported sufficient data. Records screening, data extraction, and quality assessment will be done by independent reviewers. Joanna Bridge Institute checklist for prevalence studies will be used to appraise the included studies. Prevalence will be pooled using random effect models. Heterogeneity will be quantified by I2 and p value. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression will be utilized to address the sources of residual between‐study heterogeneity.

Discussion

Understanding the regional and global occurrence of H. pylori infection in individuals with obesity can provide valuable insights for health policymakers and clinicians to devise proficient diagnostic and eradication strategies, thereby enhancing postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The study's strength will lie in not being restricted to language and time of publication, comprehensive investigation of regional and pre‐ and posteradication estimates, and the effects of time trends and sociodemographic indices on H. pylori prevalence. However, potential heterogeneity in methodologies used across prevalence studies could affect the interpretation of the results. Additionally, the study relies on previously published studies, limiting data quality and completeness.