bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of State Sovereignty in Securing the Planetary Future: Some Reflections
Authors: Schrijver Nico J
Published: February 2025

Protagonists of global environmental governance often view the sovereign State as well as the principle of sovereignty as major stumbling blocks for effective environmental conservation and sustainable development. Some even herald the demise of the idea of the sovereign State. However, reality has it differently. Sovereignty is no longer an unqualified concept. Manifold new duties have been imposed upon the sovereign State as a result of the progressive development of international law. Much of the modern international law movement vests States with the responsibility to adopt regulations, to monitor and secure compliance and exercise justice in order to achieve its implementation, whereas supranational global environmental governance has remained notoriously weak. This article examines this proposition by reference to the environmental and developmental role of states in three landmark multilateral treaties: The United Nations Law of the Sea Convention (1982), the Convention on the Conservation of Biological Diversity (1992) and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change (2015). They demonstrate that sovereignty serves as a key organisational principle for the realization of global values, such as environmental conservation and sustainable development. It also came out vividly in the Pact for the Future (2024).
Conspiracy theories and Geography: Who gets to say where is power?
Authors: Ridgway Victoria
Published: February 2025

Conspiracism has become a powerful explanatory category for major political events (Brexit vote, January 6th Capitol attack) and the subject of a diverse body of research. Yet geography has largely ignored such debates and has, on some occasions, adopted this term with little critical examination. I call on geographers to think through the implications of this silence. I especially highlight how conspiracism presents an opportunity to think through the questions of epistemic authority, the hegemonic control of knowledge production, and the limits of the regulation of dissent. I argue that further work is needed to understand the historical and spatial conditions that make it possible for practices, attitudes, and speeches to become available to be invested and discerned as a distinctive mode of thought called ‘conspiracy theories’. To that end, and drawing on Foucault's method of problematisation, I make two propositions. First, conspiracism is the performance of a critical attitude that is activated in a field conditioned by the felt pressures and limits of a collective commitment to the liberatory promise of critique. Second, conspiracism, as a collective geo-historical experience, is born from the pressures of knowing, locating, and naming power. These propositions seek to destabilise the certainties that allow conspiracism to function as a category of individualised ‘bad thinking’ by inscribing it as a collective experience held together by an ensemble of affective conditions. Having established conspiracism within this affective field, I provoke geography to think through its position, as an institutional science within this field.
Evaluating Diaphragmatic Paralysis After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and the Role of Plication in Outcome Improvement: Insights From a Single-Center Experience
Authors: Elgayar Mohamed M. , Negm Mahmoud A. , Nasr Emad Gamaleldin , Abdullah Hedaia , Hamed Sayed , Honsy Hatem
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Diaphragmatic paralysis (DP) is a significant complication following cardiac surgery, particularly impacting neonates and infants. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the incidence of DP, identify risk factors, and assess the impact of diaphragmatic plication as a definitive management strategy.

Methods

We analyzed the clinical records of pediatric patients who underwent cardiac surgery at our center from 2016 to 2023. Cases of DP were identified, potential risk factors examined, and the effectiveness of plication assessed. Patients were categorized into early and late groups based on the timing of DP diagnosis relative to surgery.

Results

Out of 2,331 pediatric cardiac surgery patients (median age 7.2 months), DP was identified in 60 patients (2.6%), with a higher incidence of left-sided paralysis in 37 patients (61.7%). Diaphragmatic paralysis was more frequently associated with specific procedures, such as bidirectional Glenn, arterial switch operations, and Blalock-Taussig-Thomas shunt. Patients with DP had significantly longer intensive care unit (ICU) stays (21 vs 4 days, P < .001) and total hospital stays (38 vs 11 days, P < .001). Following plication, median mechanical ventilation (MV) hours significantly decreased (73-13 h, P < .001), and ICU stays were reduced (15-3 days, P < .001). Early plication was associated with shorter MV time and hospital stays.

Conclusion

Diaphragmatic paralysis is a notable complication after cardiac surgery. Diaphragmatic plication proves to be an effective intervention, reducing MV duration and hospital stays. These findings underscore the importance of early recognition and intervention for improved postoperative outcomes.
C-reactive protein expression in acute ischemic stroke blood clots: Implications for etiology
Authors: Liu Wenyi , Sahin Cansu , Güner Sak Nazan , Giraud Alice , Messina Pierluca , Bozsak Franz , Darcourt Jean , Sacchetti Federico , Januel Anne-Christine , Bellanger Guillaume , Pagola Jorge , Juega Jesus , Imamura Hirotoshi , Ohta Tsuyoshi , Spelle Laurent , Chalumeau Vanessa , Mircic Uros , Stanarčević Predrag , Vukašinović Ivan , Ribo Marc , Sakai Nobuyuki , Cognard Christophe , Doyle Karen
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a prototypic inflammation marker, with elevated levels associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events. To determine whether CRP could be a useful biomarker of stroke etiology, we investigated CRP expression in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) clots from large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardio-embolism (CE) and cryptogenic (Crypt) subtypes.

Patients and methods:

We analysed clot samples from AIS patients (LAA, CE, Crypt; n = 50 each), collected across five stroke centres in France, Serbia, Spain, and Japan between February 2021 and February 2024, as part of the prospective Clotbase International Registry of 460 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy. Clot components were assessed using Martius Scarlet Blue staining. CRP expression was examined using immunohistochemistry and its co-localisation with clot components was detected using immunofluorescence. Clinical parameters were compared across etiologies.

Results:

CRP expression varied significantly among clots. Most clots (65%) had minimal (⩽1%) CRP and 35% showed substantial (>1%) CRP. CE group had significantly more clots with substantial CRP than LAA and Crypt (48% vs 30% and 26%; p = 0.048). Clots with substantial CRP contained more fibrin (28.9%) than those with low CRP (20.6%; p = 0.005). Confocal microscopy showed CRP co-localised with fibrin and white blood cells (WBCs).

Discussion and conclusion:

Significantly more AIS clots of CE expressed substantial CRP compared to those of LAA and Crypt, suggesting CE strokes may be more strongly linked to inflammation. Clots with substantial CRP expression displayed significantly more fibrin compared to those with minimal CRP expression, suggesting a potential association between inflammation and fibrin-rich clots. Further study of the relationship between CRP, fibrin and WBCs in clots may improve our understanding of the processes of thrombo-inflammation.
EMZL at various sites: learning from each other
Authors: Du Ming-Qing
Published: February 2025

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (EMZL) invariably develops from a background of chronic inflammatory disorder caused by a diverse chronic microbial infection and/or autoimmunity depending on the site. These chronic inflammatory/autoimmunity disorders trigger innate and acquired immune responses, generating a unique microenvironment at each site which drives clonal evolution of B cells, their expansion and eventual malignant transformation. At a molecular level, this involves temporal and spatial acquisition of cooperative oncogenic events by dysregulated immune responses and somatic genetic changes. Although these events are not yet fully characterised, EMZL at several sites shows distinct genetic profiles and molecular insights, bridging the pathological process to lymphomagenesis. For example, gastric EMZL, particularly those lacking a BCL10 or MALT1 translocation, critically depend on T-helper cell signals produced by immune responses to Helicobacter pylori infection. Likewise, thyroid EMZL may also involve exaggerated T-cell help due to highly frequent inactivating mutations in TET2, CD274 (PD-L1) and TNFRSF14, which impede the co-inhibitory interactions between the neoplastic B and T-helper cells, thus releasing T-cell help. Ocular adnexal EMZL shows frequent TNFAIP3 (A20) mutation/deletion that significantly associates with expression of autoreactive IGHV4-34 BCR, emphasising their potential cooperation in NF-kB pathway activation. Finally, the genesis of salivary gland EMZL may be closely associated with GPR34 activation that is caused by mutation/t(X;14)(p11;q32) and/or paracrine stimulation mediated by ligand generated by lymphoepithelial lesions. This review will focus on these novel molecular insights and how these advances may provide a paradigm for future investigations.
Characterization of polyethylene and polyurethane microplastics and their adsorption behavior on Cu2+ and Fe3+ in environmental matrices
Authors: Zanoni Ilaria , Briccolani Lucia , Faccani Lara , Blosi Magda , Ortelli Simona , Crosera Matteo , Marussi Giovanna , Albonetti Stefania , Costa Anna Luisa
Published: February 2025

As the world faces growing environmental challenges, understanding the nature of microplastics—such as Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Polyurethane (PU)—and their transformation in water-based environments is necessary for predicting and mitigating their effects. In this study, we investigated their physicochemical characteristics, presence of impurities, colloidal behavior, and sorption capacity to understand better how microplastics behave and transform in the environment, including their role in transporting heavy metals. The two types of microparticles investigated fall into distinct size ranges, approximately 70 microns for PE particles and around 5 microns for PU particles. Both samples showed a spherical morphology and an evident surface micro-roughness. The elemental and thermal analysis did not show the presence of any significant metal impurities. The zeta-potential measurements as a function of pH provided insights into the dispersion behavior of microplastics (MPs) in freshwaters, suitable for the growth of Zebrafish (Egg water) and Daphnia magna (Elendt M7 Water). Both materials showed in bidistilled water negative zeta potential (ZP) at natural pH (ZP = − 51.0 ± 4.3 mV at pH = 6.6 and ZP = − 29.5 ± 1.4 mV at pH = 5.6 for LDPE and PU, respectively), justified by the presence of surface-active charged impurities. In saline media, ZP vs. pH curves were flatter, with ZP values near 0 mV, confirming the reduced colloidal stability from higher ionic strength and double-layer compression. Finally, we assessed the metal adsorption capacity to establish the role of microplastics in the transport of heavy metals in the environment. We observed selective adsorption for Cu2⁺ ions, which was both medium-dependent (more ions adsorbed in Elendt M7) and plastic-dependent, with PU showing a stronger affinity for Cu2⁺ in MilliQ and Egg water. On the contrary, both plastics showed similar adsorption capacity for Fe3⁺ ions across all media.
Efficacy and safety of ketamine and esketamine in reducing the incidence of postpartum depression: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Darwish Moaz Yasser , Helal Abdallah A. , Othman Yousif Ahmed , Mabrouk Manar Alaa , Alrawi Aya , Ashraf Taha Abd-ElSalam , Abdelsattar Nada K. , Sayed Fatma Mohammed , Abd-ElGawad Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Background

Postpartum depression (PPD) is categorized by the Disorders-Fifth Edition as depression that begins during pregnancy or within the first month after giving birth. Ketamine and esketamine have shown promising results in the treatment of several depressive disorders, which suggests that they may have a role in the prevention of PPD. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to update evidence about the efficacy and safety of using ketamine and esketamine to reduce PPD incidence.

Methods

We searched four databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, to collect relevant studies. We included studies which investigated the preventive effect of ketamine or esketamine on PPD among women after giving birth through caesarean or vaginal delivery. We extracted PPD occurrence rate, PPD score, pain score and side effects. Finally, a meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan software.

Results

Twenty-one eligible studies were incorporated in the current systematic review and meta-analysis involving 4,389 pregnant women. Esketamine was the intervention in 14 studies, and ketamine was used in 7 studies. In subgroup analysis, both ketamine and esketamine were significantly effective in reducing the incidence of short-term PPD (ketamine: RR = 0.72, 95% CI [0.56, 0.93], P = 0.01; esketamine: RR = 0.43, P < 0.0001). Esketamine only significantly reduced the incidence of long-term PPD (RR = 0.44, P < 0.00001). Low doses and high doses were effective in reducing the incidence of both short-term (high dose: RR = 0.48, P = 0.0005; low dose: RR = 0.46, P = 0.002) and long-term PPD (high dose: RR = 0.54, P < 0.0001; low dose: RR = 0.61, P = 0.009). Regarding the risk of side effects, patients in the Ketamine/esketamine group showed statistically significant higher rates of developing dizziness (P = 0.0007), blurred vision (P = 0.02), vomiting (P = 0.004) and hallucinations (P = 0,002) than women in the control group.

Conclusion

Both ketamine and esketamine are effective in lowering the incidence of short-term PPD. On the other hand, only esketamine is effective in reducing the incidence of long-term PPD. It is recommended to use smaller doses for a more tolerable treatment period since doses less than 0.5 mg are significantly effective. Temporary side effects such as dizziness, blurred vision, vomiting and hallucinations were reported.
Assessing brain-muscle networks during motor imagery to detect covert command-following
Authors: Fló Emilia , Fraiman Daniel , Sitt Jacobo Diego
Published: February 2025

Background

In this study, we evaluated the potential of a network approach to electromyography and electroencephalography recordings to detect covert command-following in healthy participants. The motivation underlying this study was the development of a diagnostic tool that can be applied in common clinical settings to detect awareness in patients that are unable to convey explicit motor or verbal responses, such as patients that suffer from disorders of consciousness (DoC).

Methods

We examined the brain and muscle response during movement and imagined movement of simple motor tasks, as well as during resting state. Brain-muscle networks were obtained using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) of the coherence spectra for all the channel pairs. For the 15/38 participants who showed motor imagery, as indexed by common spatial filters and linear discriminant analysis, we contrasted the configuration of the networks during imagined movement and resting state at the group level, and subject-level classifiers were implemented using as features the weights of the NMF together with trial-wise power modulations and heart response to classify resting state from motor imagery.

Results

Kinesthetic motor imagery produced decreases in the mu-beta band compared to resting state, and a small correlation was found between mu-beta power and the kinesthetic imagery scores of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised Second version. The full-feature classifiers successfully distinguished between motor imagery and resting state for all participants, and brain-muscle functional networks did not contribute to the overall classification. Nevertheless, heart activity and cortical power were crucial to detect when a participant was mentally rehearsing a movement.

Conclusions

Our work highlights the importance of combining EEG and peripheral measurements to detect command-following, which could be important for improving the detection of covert responses consistent with volition in unresponsive patients.
ASA score is an independent predictor of 1-year outcome after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Kiwanuka Olivia , Lassarén Philipp , Fletcher-Sandersjöö Alexander , Tatter Charles , Tjerkaski Jonathan , Nelson David W. , Thelin Eric P.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate whether incorporating pre-injury health status, measured by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, improves outcome prediction models for moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective single-center study of msTBI patients (2005–2021). The primary outcome was 1-year Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS, dichotomized as GOS1-3 (unfavorable) vs. 4–5 (favorable)), and secondary outcome was 90-day mortality. Logistic regression evaluated the contribution of ASA score to the International Mission for Prognosis and Clinical Trials in Traumatic Brain Injury (IMPACT) core + CT outcome prediction model incorporating age, admission GCS, pupillary reactivity, Marshall CT classification, hypoxia, hypotension, epidural hematoma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Results

Among the 720 adult patients that were included 51% had an unfavorable GOS at 1 year. The 90-day mortality was 19%. ASA score and TRISS were independently associated with both outcomes (p < 0.001). Incorporating the ASA score to our IMPACT model significantly enhanced its explanatory value of dichotomized GOS (35% vs. 32% variance explained, p < 0.001) and improved the model’s prognostic accuracy.

Conclusion

In this retrospective single-center cohort study, we found that ASA score improves existing prognostic models for msTBI. Incorporating this simple comorbidity measure could enhance outcome prediction and support more personalized acute management. Future prospective studies are needed to validate these results.
Students’ perspective on new teaching concepts for medical studies: case- and competency-based learning in radiology
Authors: Masthoff Max , Pawelka Friedrich , Zak Gisela , de Leng Bas , Darici Dogus , Schindler Philipp , Heindel Walter , Helfen Anne
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate medical students’ perception of a new radiology teaching format for abdominal diagnostics. The format transitioned traditional lectures and seminars to a case- and competency-based course that incorporates technology-enhanced individual case-work, small group discussions, and concise lectures.

Materials and methods

235 students (23.5 ± 2.6 years, 72.3% female, 93.3% response rate, November 2023–June 2024) completed a questionnaire before (12 items) and after (20 items) the course, assessing perceived importance of course content, competency gains in abdominal imaging, enjoyment of learning, interest in a radiology career, and pedagogical perception of the teaching concept. Responses were recorded on a 1–10 scale (no agreement to strong agreement) or dichotomously (yes/no). The new course format was compared with a cohort of students who had previously (May 2022–June 2023) attended traditional lectures (n = 169) and/or seminars (n = 234).

Results

Students strongly agreed before the course that radiology content in abdominal diagnostics is important, and they found the content highly relevant and applicable to their work as doctors following the course. Significant improvement was observed in perceived competency in modality selection and description and interpretation of common pathologies, with the strongest effect for CT and MRI data. The new format was rated more motivating and significantly better in pedagogical and content quality than traditional lectures and seminars, although it did not influence students’ interest in pursuing a radiology career.

Conclusion

From the students’ perspective, case- and competency-based teaching enhances skill acquisition, learning success, and enjoyment in radiology.

Clinical relevance statement

From a student perspective, case- and competency-based teaching in radiology may enhance imaging competency, contributing to the development of more skilled healthcare providers.

Key Points

Case- and competency-based teaching concepts may improve students’ learning.

Students reported improved perceived competency in decision-making and image interpretation with the new teaching method.

Case- and competency-based teaching was perceived as more engaging, motivating, and pedagogically superior to traditional lectures.

Graphical Abstract
Plectin, a novel regulator in migration, invasion and adhesion of ovarian cancer
Authors: Bai Lanning , Qian Xueqian , Zhang Hui , Yuan Yi , Cui Xiaodong , Cheng Min , Han Yangyang
Published: February 2025

Background

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most prevalent gynecologic malignancies and exhibites the highest fatality rate among all gynecologic malignancies. The absence of an early diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target contributes to an overall 5-year survival rate ranging from 30 to 50%. Plectin (PLEC), a 500 kDa scaffolding protein, has gained prominence in recent years due to its pivotal role in various cellular biological functions such as cell morphology, migration and adhesion, while the accurate role of PLEC in OC remains elusive.

Results

In this study, our findings demonstrate that PLEC exerts a positive influence on the progression of OC, encompassing cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

The results providing new insights for the diagnosis and treatment in OC.
Drivers influencing the adoption of cryptocurrency: a social network analysis approach
Authors: Kajol K. , Devarakonda Srijanani , Singh Ranjit , Baker H. Kent
Published: February 2025

Cryptocurrency has gained popularity as a potential new global payment method. It has the potential to be faster, cheaper, and more secure than existing payment networks, making it a game-changer in the global economy. However, more research is needed to identify the factors driving cryptocurrency adoption and understand its impact. We use social network analysis (SNA) to identify the influencing factors and reveal the impact of each on cryptocurrency adoption. Our analysis initially revealed 44 influential factors, which were later reduced to 25 factors, each exerting a different influence. Based on the SNA, we classify these factors into highly, moderately, and least influential categories. Discomfort and optimism are the most influential determinants of adoption. Moderately influential factors include trust, risk, relative advantage, social influence, and perceived behavioral control. Price/value, facilitating conditions, compatibility, and usefulness are the least influential. The factors affecting cryptocurrency adoption are interdependent. Our findings can help policymakers understand the factors influencing cryptocurrency adoption and aid in developing appropriate legal frameworks for cryptocurrency use.
Monte Carlo simulations of backscattered electron coefficients and average penetration depths for Cu, Au, and Al under electron irradiation
Authors: Alsharari Sami Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Understanding and analyzing backscattered electron coefficients (BSCs) and average penetration depths (APDs) are critical in material science and electron microscopy. However, despite their importance, there are relatively few studies that cover a wide range of energies and a variety of materials for accurately calculating BSCs and APDs. Therefore, a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation was conducted to examine and explore the electron backscattering coefficients and average penetration depths of copper (Cu), gold (Au), and aluminum (Al) when bombarded by energetic electrons with energies ranging from 0 to 60 kilo-electron volts (keV) at normal incidence. The results showed strong agreement with experimental data. First, for the BSCs, we have deviations ranging from 0.3 to 5.4%. Second, the empirical calibration adjustment resulted in an excellent agreement with the experimental data of APDs. For Cu, the deviation was 3.32% at 5 keV. The exceptional agreement was observed at 9 keV for Au, with a deviation of just 0.08%. In the case of Al, the adjustment achieved a strong agreement with a deviation of 2.01%. These findings improve our understanding of backscattered electrons behavior by providing accurate simulations for Cu, Au, and Al across a wide energy range, resolving discrepancies, especially for low-Z materials such as aluminum (Z = 13). The improved accuracy in predicting APD and the original BSC results support scanning electron microscopy (SEM) applications, particularly in compositional and topographic imaging.
Tecovirimat in the management of poxviruses: a narrative review of available evidence
Authors: Okesanya Olalekan John , Ogaya Jerico Bautista , Ogieuhi Ikponmwosa Jude , Ahmed Mohamed Mustaf , Ukoaka Bonaventure Michael , Jamgbadi Ojoisimi Franca , Shomuyiwa Deborah Oluwaseun , Eliseo Don Lucero-Prisno , Amisu Blessing Olawunmi , Adebusuyi Olakulehin , Chung William K. , Manirambona Emery , Idris Nimat Bola , De los Santos Janet Alexis A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Tecovirimat (TPOXX) is an effective antiviral medication recommended for treating smallpox and other Orthopoxvirus infections. With the rise in monkeypox (mpox) cases globally, there is an urgent need to explore therapeutic options to manage potential outbreaks.

Methodology

A literature search was conducted using keywords from Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov. English studies from 2018 to 2024 were included.

Results

Ten studies assessing the effectiveness and safety of tecovirimat for poxvirus infections were evaluated, reporting diverse findings across different patient populations and study designs. Clinical trials have shown significant therapeutic potential. Various doses of tecovirimat were used in rabbit and mpox models. Early intervention slowed disease progression in vulnerable populations, such as people living with HIV (PLWHIV). Recovery times, virus eradication, and symptom relief varied among studies, but wider access and usage showed better clinical symptoms and tolerable side effects. Tecovirimat’s efficacy against circulating strains has been experimentally demonstrated.

Conclusion

Tecovirimat shows promise for treating poxvirus infections. Clinical trials are expected to provide more evidence-based findings to inform future therapeutic approaches and public health campaigns. Future research should explore tecovirimat’s potential in managing emerging poxvirus outbreaks, such as borealpox and mpox, to strengthen and promote public health.
A high-order multiscale finite element method for 3D direct current resistivity log modeling
Authors: Zhao Ning , Zhang Long , Qin Ce , Yang Yunjian , Jiang Junjie
Published: February 2025

When solving the 3D direct current resistivity logging problem with complex heterogeneous structure, the finite element method requires the construction of a fine discretized mesh to accurately reflect the significant heterogeneity of the steel-casing and the complexity of the underground structure. This fine mesh division will lead to an excessively large calculation, thus occupying a large amount of computing resources and making it difficult to solve. The multiscale finite element method can significantly reduce the size of the coefficient matrix during the solving process, which greatly reduces the computational cost. Nevertheless, the low-order multiscale finite element cannot accurately transfer the heterogeneous information of the fine mesh to the coarse mesh, it leads to numerical errors. And the imposition of linear boundary conditions to construct multiscale basis functions may introduce resonance error. Consequently, this article implements a 3D direct current resistivity logging forward algorithm based on high-order multiscale finite element. On the one hand, we construct boundary and internal high-order multiscale basis functions by utilizing arbitrary order orthogonal polynomials within local cells, and then linearly combine them to form complete high-order multiscale basis functions, this ensures the approximation ability and convergence accuracy of the numerical solution. On the other hand, we construct temporary high-order multiscale basis functions on extended local cells, combined with an oversampling technique, which can mitigate the error problem caused by boundary resonance effects. Simulate in the scenarios with three different electrode configurations: pole-pole, pole-dipole, and dipole-dipole. The results show that our new method can approximate the fine-scale reference solution on the coarse mesh with high accuracy and significantly reduced computational time at the linear system solving stage.
The Aerial Witness and Infrastructures of Solidarity
Authors: Smith Angela
Published: February 2025

European social movements in solidarity with migrants have taken many forms, from maritime struggles at the edge of territory to antideportation protests in urban centers. Over the last five years, a new site of solidarity and struggle has emerged in the skies, with activist pilots and civil society organizations launching their own aerial surveillance operations to challenge the state's monopoly over the aerial view. The materiality of aviation and the legal and spatial systems that govern flying mean that the scope for political action and solidarity practices via the plane is always constrained. This article examines the affordances and limitations of aerial infrastructure as a vehicle for contesting state power and expressing solidarity with the agential movement/s of migrants.
Impairment of proteasome-associated deubiquitinating enzyme Uchl5/UBH-4 affects autophagy
Authors: Jha Sweta , Pispa Johanna , Holmberg Carina I.
Published: February 2025

The autophagy–lysosomal pathway (ALP) and the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) are the two major intracellular proteolytic systems that mediate protein turnover in eukaryotes. Although a crosstalk exists between these two systems, it is still unclear how UPS and ALP interact in vivo. Here, we investigated how impaired function of the proteasome-associated deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) Uchl5/UBH-4 affects autophagy in human cells and in a multicellular organism. We show that downregulation of Uchl5 by siRNA reduces autophagy by partially blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with the lysosomes in HeLa cells, which is similar to a previously reported role of the proteasome-associated DUB Usp14 on autophagy. However, exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to ubh-4 or usp-14 RNAi, or to their pharmacological inhibitors, results in diverse effects on numbers of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, without blocking the lysosomal fusion, in the intestine, hypodermal seam cells and the pharynx. Our results reveal that impairment of Uchl5/UBH-4 and Usp14 affects autophagy in a tissue context manner. A deeper insight into the interplay between UPS and ALP in various tissues in vivo has the potential to promote development of therapeutic approaches for disorders associated with proteostasis dysfunction.
ROCK CON RAÍCES. UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LA REVOLUCIÓN MUSICAL EN LA ANDALUCÍA DEL TARDOFRANQUISMO Y LA TRANSICIÓN.
Authors: Lucena Martínez Alicia
Published: February 2025

En este texto se pretende hacer una aproximación a la música denominada
“con raíces” surgida en Andalucía. Se partirá de las primeras rupturas del paradigma
musical imperante en los años sesenta en España, siguiendo de cerca la evolución
de la fusión musical de lo autóctono con lo alóctono, dedicándole una especial
atención a Triana como grupo canónico, hasta terminar en el año 1982 como fin
de la denominada Transición española. Para una correcta comprensión de este
particular fenómeno se realizará una amplia introducción que pretende esclarecer
la problemática de la terminología de este género musical, el contexto en el que
nace, el panorama contracultural en la ciudad clave en el origen del mismo, Sevilla,
así como los cambios en la música popular a nivel internacional durante los años
sesenta que llegaron a España y cambiaron el panorama musical para siempre.
Con la aproximación al rock andaluz o rock con raíces se busca poner en valor el
fenómeno, al igual que el papel de la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía en un
momento crucial en la historia de la música española del siglo XX.
DOS TINTAS PARA UN MISMO CÓDICE.
Authors: Luque Teruel Andrés
Published: February 2025

El artículo plantea el origen de la hermandad del Silencio de Sevilla en 1564, una
vez interpretada la información histórica y los datos aportados con el análisis de
las tintas de la Regla de 1642 por el Instituto Andaluz de Patrimonio Histórico
Artístico en 2002; y por otra parte, con el análisis transversal de las declaraciones
del Hermano Mayor, Tomás Pérez, ante notario en 1615 y ante el Arzobispo de
Sevilla en 1621. De estos se deducen un criterio distinto en función de la existencia
de un requerimiento notarial o desde la libertad de no tener la obligación de
presentar ningún documento legal. Igualmente sucede con la información sobre
la fundación de la corporación en la iglesia de Omnium Sanctorum, imposible
en la capilla de los Cervantes en 1356, pues en esa cronología estaba cerrada y en
alberca por las obras de una importante ampliación que debió extenderse desde
1355 hasta al menos 1360. Eso sin contar con la fecha de la fábrica de la capilla
aludida, ya en el siglo XV, y la concesión de ésta a Gonzalo Gómez Cervantes,
cerca de 1416 y no en el siglo XIV.
Fronteras y horizontes de la imaginación. Amazonia, vorágine y paraíso recuperado
Authors: Palacio Germán A.
Published: February 2025

Este libro consolida un trabajo de reflexión de dos décadas que, arraigado en la experiencia amazónica como ventana para analizar el país, Latinoamérica y el mundo, presenta una serie de argumentos que se pueden encapsular teóricamente como ecología política con densidad histórica. En parte, es pensamiento sobre la Amazonia, pero es también reflexión sobre el mundo desde la Amazonia en un espectro temático amplio de tópicos tales como fronteras e imaginarios hasta cambio climático. Aunque basado en trabajos de investigación científica aspira a llegarle a un público más amplio, que incluya estudiantes universitarios de todo tipo de disciplinas y a profesores de secundaria, por lo que trata de reducir los aspectos astringentes del discurso académico. Aprovechando las ideas que surgen de la Vorágine, sus planteamientos empalman con, pero discuten críticamente la sensibilidad ambiental contemporánea que no deja de ser filosóficamente romántica y se expresa socialmente como grave preocupación de quienes creen que deben salvar la Amazonia de fieros villanos que la tienen en trance de destruirla: extractivistas, aventureros criminales y deforestadores. Esta preocupación filantrópica debe cualificarse tomando en cuenta la complejidad del territorio y de sus pobladores.
Speed Matters: Limited Attention and Supply Chain Information Diffusion
Authors: Cen Ling , Hertzel Michael , Schiller Christoph
Published: February 2025

We develop a measure of the speed of firm-level information diffusion, study how it is affected by limited attention, and examine its effect on real corporate decisions. Using local flu epidemics as exogenous attention shocks, we show that inattention from dual-covering analysts and cross-holding institutions reduces the speed of information diffusion from customer to supplier stock prices. We find that the speed of information diffusion along the supply chain affects the price feedback effect for corporate investment decisions and facilitates coordination between customers and suppliers. Our findings demonstrate that coattention from key market participants affects information efficiency and generates real economic outcomes.

This paper was accepted by Camelia Kuhnen, finance.

Funding: L. Cen acknowledges financial support from the Chinese University of Hong Kong and General Research Fund [Grant 14504920] from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00291 .
Association between Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate Insecticides and Malondialdehyde Oxidative Stress Biomarker Among Adults in a Rural Area of Chiang Mai, Thailand: A Follow-Up Study in Two Post-Harvest Seasons
Authors:   Environment and Health Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Thongjan Nathaporn ,   Program in Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Prapamontol Tippawan ,   Environment and Health Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Promkam Nattawadee ,   Environment and Health Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Somsunun Kawinwut ,   Environment and Health Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Naksen Warangkana ,   Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Norbäck Dan ,   Environment and Health Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Published: February 2025

The upper northern Thailand is well-known as abundant of variety of crop production, including several vegetables, longans, lychees, and mangoes, as well as paddy rice. In Thailand, village health volunteers (VHVs) are an essential component of the primary healthcare system. This study aims to determine the concentration of urinary dialkylphosphates (DAPs), the common organophosphate (OP) insecticide metabolites, and the relationship between DAPs and malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress biomarker among VHVs in two post-harvest seasons. The urinary DAPs and MDA were determined in two post-harvest seasons in 2021 and 2022. The results revealed the total DAPs and MDA concentrations were significantly higher in 2021 than in 2022, may cause by locked down during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022, this made VHVs less faming activity. In 2021, the post-harvest season showed a significant association between total DMPs, with total DAPs and MDA (β = 1.53 and 1.59, respectively). While in the 2022 post-harvest season, there was a significant relationship between the total DEPs and MDA, with β = 1.44 and border line reached in total DAPs with β = 1.43. This study suggested that OP exposure in post-harvest season depends on insecticides used in each crop production. In addition, OP exposure can cause oxidative stress in the human body via urinary DAPs and MDA expressions among farmers. Hence the protection of insecticides exposure using personal protective equipment (PPE) is crucial.
Transient Synovitis as a Sequela of COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, United States, Murray Benjamin C , Crawford Evan ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, United States, Manson H Corey ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, United States
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Transient synovitis (TS) in the setting of a COVID-19 infection has been reported only a few times in the literature. We report a case of TS 5 weeks following a positive COVID-19 test, in which three modified Kocher criteria were met. We aim to summarize and compare the clinical presentations of prior reported cases, and to expand the current understanding of extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19.

Case Report: A 4-year-old female presented with right hip pain and refusal to bear weight on the extremity without a history of trauma. Five weeks prior, the patient tested positive for SARS-Cov-2. The patient met three modified Kocher criteria and an ultrasound of the right hip demonstrated a 6 mm effusion. Synovial fluid analysis and cultures were negative for septic arthritis. The patient was admitted for observation and started on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with improvement in her pain.

Conclusion: We report a case of TS 5 weeks following COVID-19 infection, and provide a review of the six prior reported cases. Our case differs from prior cases in the timing of hip pain after initial upper respiratory infection symptoms, and the number of modified Kocher criteria met. In the setting of pediatric hip pain, it is important to consider COVID-19 infection as a cause of TS.

Keywords: Transient synovitis, COVID-19, pediatric hip pain.
Limb Salvage and Reconstruction of a Complex Upper Extremity Injury: A Case Report
Authors:   [1] Sports Trauma and Pain Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece, [2] Medical Center Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany,, Koukos Christos , Chatzivasiliadis Mikail ,   Department of Spine and Deformities, European Interbalkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece,, Kapetanakis Stylianos ,   Department of Spine and Deformities, European Interbalkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece,, Latz David ,   Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Heinrich Heine University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany,, Samundeeswari S ,   Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India,, Montoya Fredy ,   Sanatorio Aleman Clinic, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Complex upper extremity trauma poses us with significant challenges in orthopedic and reconstructive surgery due to the complex anatomy and functional importance of the extremities. These injuries are often the result of high-energy mechanisms like motor vehicle collisions, which makes their management particularly demanding. Making the decision between limb salvage and amputation in such cases requires careful consideration of multiple factors such as functionality, risk of complications, and recovery.

Case Report: We describe the case of a 39-year-old male who had sustained an open fracture of the elbow, avascular necrosis of the olecranon, a displaced ulna fracture, and transections of the triceps tendon and ulnar nerve. We tried to salvage the limb through planned reconstructive surgeries despite the complexity of the injuries and recommendations for amputation.

Conclusion: Managing complex upper extremity trauma requires a structured approach that balances innovative techniques with effective infection control and soft-tissue reconstruction.

Keywords: Complex upper extremity trauma, limb salvage, reconstruction, tricep tendon rupture, sural nerve graft.
Deformity Correction and Limb Lengthening in Maffucci Syndrome – A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, UK,, Yadav Amit Kumar , Panchal Sameer ,   Department of Orthopaedics Arrow Park Hospital, UK,, Gawhale Sangeet ,   Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals Mumbai, India,, Wadia Farokh ,   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Southampton Children’s Hospital, UK.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Maffucci syndrome (MS) is a rare disorder with enchondromatosis associated with multiple hemangiomas in soft tissue and internal organs. Enchondromas in the long bone lead to limb length discrepancy, deformity, and pathological fractures that usually need corrective osteotomies and limb lengthening.

Case Report: A female in her late adolescence with MS presented with significant varus deformity of the distal femur and left lower limb shortening of 11.5 cm. She underwent an acute correction of the varus with a distal femur osteotomy and gradual femoral lengthening using a monolateral fixator. She sustained a pathological fracture through the regenerate, needing an intramedullary nail stabilisation during follow-up. At a 2-year follow-up, the patient was left with a residual shortening of 5 cm, corrected with a shoe raise. She could walk full weight bearing and independently with her day-to-day activities and function.

Conclusion: MS can present with significant limb length discrepancy and angular deformities. This case aims to inform clinicians of the diagnosis and management of this rare condition and highlight the importance of regular follow-up after complex surgery, and the impact coronavirus disease-19 lockdowns had on the inability of patients to do so.

Keywords: Limb lengthening, Maffucci syndrome, deformity correction.
Total Hip Arthroplasty in Ochronotic Arthropathy with quadriceps tear. A Case Report with a Review of the Literature
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India., Agrawal Alok Chandra , Baghel Anuj ,   Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India., Garg Ankit Kumar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India., Rai Alok ,   Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India., Sakale Harshal ,   Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Alkaptonuria is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the absence of the enzyme homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase, which leads to the accumulation of homogentisic acid in connective tissues and blood, resulting in Ochronosis and osteoarthropathy.

Case Report: We present a case report of a 56-year-old male with ochronotic arthropathy and quadriceps tendon rupture who underwent a total hip replacement. The patient exhibited right hip pain, difficulty walking, and restricted movement at the hip and spine. Radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings confirmed significant arthritic changes in the right hip joint and a mid-substance tear in the quadriceps tendon. Intraoperatively, dark pigmentation was observed in the affected tissues, consistent with the diagnosis of Ochronosis. The literature review indicates that joint replacement surgery is the treatment of choice for ochronotic arthropathy, with patients experiencing good functional recovery. The prosthesis’s long-term survival rate is comparable to primary arthroplasty, and the optimal surgical approach regarding capsule preservation remains a topic of debate.

Conclusion: Joint replacement is a feasible treatment option for patients with ochronotic arthropathy. Understanding the spine-pelvic relations and other potential complications can help surgeons plan for better recovery and functional outcomes.

Keywords: Ochronotic arthropathy, alkaptonuria, total hip replacement.
La memoria emocional en la memoria discursiva de la performance demagógica de Cléon
Authors: Román Mariana Franco San
Published: February 2025

Abstract: El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar algunos pasajes que hacen a la memoria discursiva de Cleón, el hijo de Cleeneto, y de su demagogía . Mi hipótesis es que, a medida que se va conformando la memoria discursiva de la demagogía y por asociación a la de la oratoria de Cleón, esta incluye una dimensión pathética que podríamos llamar “memoria emocional.” En el caso del campo léxico de la demagogía , esta “memoria emocional” operaría en la memoria discursiva como un “refuerzo” de la connotación negativa con la que el campo léxico se va tiñendo y que llegará, eventualmente, hasta nuestros días.