bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ritmo e peso silábico na constituição das palavras prosódicas do protocrioulo do Golfo da Guiné
Authors: Braga Gabriela
Published: April 2020

O contato entre lusofalantes e populações africanas multilíngues escravizadas na ilha de São Tomé, África Ocidental, a partir do final do século XV, implicou a emergência de uma nova língua: o protocrioulo do Golfo da Guiné (PGG). Posteriormente, o PGG deu origem ao santome, lung’Ie, angolar e fa d’Ambô. A partir da hipótese de que a formação do léxico do PGG teria motivação prosódica, investigamos se fatores como eurritmia associado ao peso silábico (GHINI, 1993) estariam envolvidos na formação de palavra prosódica mínima (VIGÁRIO, 2003). Levando em consideração a produtividade de alguns processos fonológicos que contribuíram para a configuração (em número de sílabas) do léxico do PGG, damos atenção especial ao processo de aglutinação de vogal (O pé (português) → *ɔpɛ “pé”). Tal processo consiste na interpretação de artigos definidos de étimo português como parte da raiz do item lexical seguinte, resultando numa nova palavra prosódica, constituída por duas ou três sílabas. Entretanto, nossos resultados mostram que o sistema fonológico e prosódico do PGG possibilitou a constituição de palavras tanto com mais quanto com menos sílabas do que no étimo português participante de sua formação. Assim, as hipóteses levantadas não se sustentam: a aglutinação de vogal inicial, por exemplo, realizou-se em poucos itens do PGG, caracterizando-se como processo marginal na língua. Contudo, é possível que exista uma restrição que evite verbos iniciados por vogais, o que parece dialogar com a restrição encontrada nas línguas edoides (que participaram da formação do PGG), de que palavras nominais sejam iniciadas por segmentos vocálicos.
Alçamento sem motivação aparente em uma variedade de português brasileiro: efeitos de coarticulação de sequências CV e dispersão vocálica
Authors: Battisti Elisa , Perozzo Reiner Vinicius , Cunha Victória Goulart
Published: April 2020

Este artigo trata da motivação fonética do alçamento sem motivação aparente das vogais médias pretônicas /e, o/ (desconto ~ d[i]sconto, c[o]stela ~ c[u]stela) no português brasileiro. Realiza-se análise quantitativa (LABOV, 1972) em dados de fala da variedade de Porto Alegre, com que se confirmam os efeitos favorecedores de consoantes palatais, velares, labiais precedentes ou seguintes no alçamento das médias, registrados na literatura (KLUNCK, 2007; CRUZ, 2010; MONARETTO, 2013). A inspeção acústica de dados e o exame de literatura sobre coarticulação (GOLDSTEIN; BYRD; SALTZMAN, 2006)sugerem que o alçamento seja processo variável condicionado por múltiplos fatores, entre eles a coarticulação de sequências CV e a dispersão vocálica (MADDIESON, 1984; LINDBLOM, 1986).
USPON AUTORITARIZMA NA ZAPADNOM BALKANU
Authors: Mladenovic Nikola
Published: April 2020

Book review:
Florian Bieber. 2020. The Rise of Authoritarianism in the Western Balkans. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 155.
SUPPORTING IMMIGRATION FOR AN ENHANCED AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Cristea Mirela , Noja Gratiela Georgiana , Ponea Constantin Stefan
Published: April 2020

Given the amplitude of migration in Europe and its potential to encourage or hinder the agricultural development, the general objective of this paper is to assess this possible potential on the long term, within a sustainable development frame of reference. Along these lines, we have built up several scenarios that focus on the agricultural results attained by ten EU Member States mainly targeted by immigrants, throughout the 2020-2025 period (sustainable development extrapolation). We have elaborated a set of indicators and within a panel in order to implement the spatial analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM), as methodological endeavour. The results obtained, verified by testing four hypotheses, show that a positive tendency in terms of increased government agri-innovation support is revealed on the long run, through the economic (labour) migration. Our findings outline that conclusive results of labour immigration could reverse generating unbalances in the agricultural sector. Thus, the need to develop accurate tailored policies is more than necessary by acknowledging the complex problems of the rural areas and those of international migration, as well as the major discrepancies among countries and stronger socio-economic interconnections.
BOARD STRUCTURE AND BANK PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM SERBIAN BANKING SECTOR
Authors: Babić Verica , Nikolić Jelena , Simić Marijana
Published: April 2020

Traditional perspective relying on agency theory is based on the assumption that the board structure, as an internal corporate governance mechanism, determines board effectiveness and, therefore, financial performance. Board size, board composition and leadership structure are distinguished as relevant variables of the board structure. Since the results of previous empirical studies are often contradictory, examining the correlation between board structural characteristics and corporate performance is a relevant research question, particularly in banking sector. In order to improve effectiveness of internal corporate governance mechanism, and consequently bank performance, the main research objective is to identify the impact of the board size and the board composition on bank performance in the Republic of Serbia using the CAMELS model. We analyze this relation using Ordinary Least Squares regression analysis on balanced panel data-set of 54 observations. The paper contributes to recent research efforts by making conclusions on the effects of board structure on bank performance, in order to define recommendations for improving performance in banking sector.
Investigación experimental en el consumo de energía específica y reducción de tamaño en la molienda de bolas usando diferentes tipos de levantador
Authors: Rosales Marín Gilberto , Andrade  Martínez Jonatan , Alvarado Macías Gabriela , Espinosa Serrano Erik , Nava Gómez Dora
Published: April 2020

En este articulo una muestra mineral polimetálico con contenidos en ley de cobre (0.65%), plomo (1.3%) y zinc (2.3%) es sometida a reducción de tamaño usando un molino de bolas. Se diseñaron cuatro tipos de levantadores con variaciones en altura (h) y el ángulo (α). Cinéticas de molienda se realizaron con tiempos de 5, 10 y 15 minutos con cada tipo de levantador. Una prueba adicional se ha realizado sin considerar ningun tipo de levantador. El estudio arroja que en general los levantadores magnifican la molienda, ya que estos generan las corrientes de catarata y cascada que dan origen a los mecanismos de molienda de impacto y abrasión. El análisis de la cantidad de finos obtenidos contra la energía específica demuestra que sin ningun tipo de levantador la molienda se da por el mecanismo de abrasión, el cual genera fractura del mineral lenta. Las cinéticas de molienda cuando hubo uso de levantadores denotan que el Levantador IV (α=22.5°; h=12mm) tiene la mejor eficiencia en la molienda de bolas, ya que tiene un consumo de energía de 9.69 kWh/ton y produce la mayor cantidad de finos (32%) de los levantadores propuestos. Tanto la altura, así como el ángulo del levantador, son parámetros que deben considerarse para futuros diseños de este tipo de aditamentos internos de la molienda de bolas, ya que su efecto es significativo
Improving Arabic Speaking Skill through Mind Mapping Strategy
Authors: Rachmawati Miatin , Nugrahaeni Fitria , Mauludiyah Lailatul
Published: April 2020

Mind Mapping learning, that uses images and text with a purpose to describe the instructional ideas and concepts, gets lot attention by academicians. A renewal of Arabic learning method and strategy through mind mapping needs to be implemented in Arabic learning. The purpose of this study was to find out the implementation of Mind Mapping to improve students’ Arabic speaking skill. The research method used in this research was descriptive quantitative by emphasizing the improvement of students' speaking abilities and eliminating boredom in learning Arabic. The analysis process presented the results of scores carried out before and after the implementation of mind mapping in Arabic learning. The results of this study were Mind Mapping strategy was effective in learning Arabic, especially in learning speaking skills, because it gave students the courage to bring out new vocabulary they must master. The results were known from the difference between students’ attitude and effectiveness of mind mapping before using this instructional strategy. Based on the percentage results, the success rate of learning rose by 30% and the level of boredom of students in learning decreased by 35%. It means that this strategy can be implemented to improve Arabic speaking skill of students with joyful learning.
Learning of Imla’ Using Flashcards on Writing Skill at Islamic Elementary School Level in Samarinda
Authors: Pimada Luluk Humairo , Toba Rostanti , Rasyidi Abdul Wahab
Published: April 2020

There are some language skills, one of them is writing which has the steps of learning a foreign language. Writing skill has the most difficult skill. The use of instructional media has functions to facilitate teaching and learning activities, especially in Arabic learning of Imla’ material. The flashcard is used as a medium to facilitate teaching and learning activities of Imla’ for non-Arabic students. This research aimed to describe learning of Imla’ on Arabic writing skill and describe learning implementation of Imla’ on Arabic through flashcard at the level of elementary school at Elementary School level in Samarinda. The researcher used research design of qualitative descriptive by using the research instruments of observation, interview, and documentation. The research result obtained through the data sources from the principal, vice principal of curriculum, Arabic teachers and students. To analyze the data, the researcher used Miles and Huberman’s theory through three steps of data reduction, data display, and verification. The research results were that Arabic learning based on the writing skill on the elementary level included in category of Imla’ manqul which is aimed for students to be able to recognize, know, and rewrite letters of Hijaiyah by the rules of writing and letters written separated or connected with other letters. The students were also able to recognize the meaning of what they wrote through flashcard. The use of flashcard was helpful in the Arabic teaching process, because the students were easier in understanding the meaning of each vocabulary they wrote. The students did not feel saturated in teaching and learning proses, because flashcard can be used by the students as a form of game which they usually play such as picture card. Therefore, the Arabic writing skill on the elementary level will be easier to be learnt by the students.
Perspectives on the Arabic Language from University Student: Between Reality and Hope
Authors: Mahdi Rijal , Lubis Ahmad Asri
Published: April 2020

Learning Arabic language has the ideal conditions that students want to achieve. therefore, the ideal condition is highly dependent on various factors. This research discusses the views or perspectives on the Arabic Language from students of IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon that are enrolled in different faculties. This research contains several objectives: primarily to learn the direct thoughts of students on the Arabic language and its relevance within both national and international level. In addition, this study reveals the academic conditions of the students that has a direct correlation towards their preparedness and desire to receive studying materials in one semester whilst studying during first semester 2019 in from the total amount of sample that consists of 109 students. The researcher utilizes the survey method to perform the study along with empty cards as an aiding tool which was distributed among students. The empty papers that were provided were given to let students write their brief reasonings behind their perspective on Arabic Language. The outcome of this study shows that there were 40% of students having negative views towards the Arabic language, 45% of students with positive views while 10% of the research sample combines themes or contents closely related to the Arabic language. Furthermore, 5% of student gave suggestions and ideas for learning Arabic language. This research has contributed in several ways especially in understanding the student’s perspectives and opinions on Arabic language and help the lecturers to identify suitable teaching methods to use during the learning and teaching process.
Efeito do Cermet na manutenção do esmalte sem apoio de dentina em restaurações de amálgama
Authors: Secco Angelo Stefano , Nocchi Conceição Ewerton , Werner Suffert Léo
Published: April 2020

Este estudo avaliou o efeito do CERMET na manutenção do esmalte socavado em restaurações de amalgama
Estudo da prevalência de arterioesclerose em biópsias de hiperplasia inflamatória da mucosa bucal
Authors: Pinto Tatiana Andrea Soares , Rados Pantelis Varvaki , Barbachan João Jorge Diniz , Sant'Ana Filho Manoel
Published: April 2020

O termo hiperplasia está relacionado à proliferação do tecido conjuntivo que pode ser ocasionada por diversos fatores etiológicos. Dentre as várias hiperplasias ocasionadas por esses diferentes fatores, enfatizaremos aquelas causadas pelo uso de próteses dentárias mal adaptadas. A hiperplasia inflamatória caracteriza-se pela proliferação da mucosa bucal, devido a um aumento no ritmo de divisão celular com manutenção do seu padrão mortofuncional. A arterioesclerose é uma doença crônico-degenerativa que ocasiona um estado de inextensibilidade e enfraquecimento dos vasos pela presença de lipídios na túnica íntima. Ao considerarmos que o uso de próteses, assim como a arterioesclerose é comum em indivíduos acima dos 35-40 anos, buscou-se verificar a prevalência dessa patologia dos vasos sangüíneos em casos de hiperplasia inflamatória, visando a utilização dessas biópsias como um recuso adicional de diagnóstico de arterioesclerose. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento dos casos de hiperplasia inflamatória da mucosa bucal, registrados no Laboratório de Patologia da FO-UFRGS nos últimos 5 anos. A partir da observação microscópica do material corado pela hematoxilina-eosina, verificou-se que dos 166 (100%) casos registrados, 75 (45,2%) apresentavam, além de capilares, artérias e/ou veias. Dessas 75 (100%) biópsias, 35 (46,6%) apresentavam sinais morfológicos de arterioesclerose evidenciados pela visualização de células vacuolizadas na parede interna dos vasos. Sendo assim, mediante a análise dos resultados obtidos sobre a prevalência de arterioesclerose em casos de hiperplasia inflamatória, verifica-se a possibilidade da utilização de biópsias de hiperplasia inflamatória provocadas por prótese mal adaptadas como um fator auxiliar no diagnóstico da arterioesclerose.
Abertura coronária: guias de orientação
Authors: Fachin Elaine Freitas Vianna , Miranda Letícia Algarves , Weidlich Patrícia
Published: April 2020

O presente estudo propõe-se a fornecer guias que orientem a localização dos canais a partir de dentes extraídos. Foram radiografados 10 incisivos centrais superiores, 10 molares superiores e 10 molares inferiores, e traçadas linhas nas radiografias tomando como ponto de referência e entrada do canal radicular e um ponto médio situado na incisal ou face oclusal. As linhas foram transferidas para a face vestibular dos dentes extraídos e a abertura coronária foi realizada com brocas da série 700, posicionados paralelamente à linha traçada. Verificou-se em todos os espécimes a coincidência da linha traçada com a entrada dos canais radiculares. Nos molares superiores o ângulo formado pelas duas linhas traçadas mediu em média 16,4° e nos molares inferiores 28,05°. A distância média da entrada do canal MV e parede externa mesial situou-se a 2,78 mm nos molares superiores e 2,63 mm nos molares inferiores. O comprimento da linha traçada nos molares superiores foi, em média, 8,8 mm, nos molares inferiores 9,15 mm e nos incisivos centrais 10,8 mm. Esses achados servem de guias para as etapas de penetração da broca, localização dos canais e desgaste compensatório durante a abertura coronária.
Estudo comparativo da concordância entre o diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico das lesões bucais
Authors: Rados Pantelis Varvaki , Sant'Ana Filho Manoel , Barbachan João Jorge D. , Volkweis Maurício Roth , Romanini Juliana
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é o de avaliar a concordância entre o diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico, entre acadêmicos de odontologia, alunos de pós-graduação e cirurgiões-dentistas. Abordamos o ano de 1992 e utilizamos como fonte de pesquisa os arquivos dos laboratórios de Patologia geral e bucal das Faculdades de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, perfazendo um total de 871 peças. Apartir das fichas de biópsia coletamos os diagnósticos clínicos enviados pelos profissionais e comparamos com os resultados existentes nas cópias dos laudos de exame histopatológico. Os achados foram submetidos ao teste do qui-quadrado e mostraram diferenças significativas entre o grupo dos pos graduandos (p>0,01) no que diz respeito à concordancia entre o diagnóstico clínico e microscópico, possivelmente por ser o grupo mais motivado.
Sumário
Authors: RFO RFO
Published: April 2020

Sumário do volume 27 (1985).
UJI BEBERAPA FORMULA INOKULUM TERHADAP PRODUKSI TUBUH BUAH JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kummer.)
Authors: Sulistia Dana , Umrah Umrah , Suwastika I Nengah
Published: April 2020

The study of test for several inoculum formulas on the production of white oyster mushroom body (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kummer.) conducted from April to September 2018 at Biotechnology laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University. This study were aimed to determine whether the treatment of the inoculum formula tested on the production medium can form the white oyster mushroom fruit body and to find out which inoculum formula can form the optimum fruit body in the production medium. This study was conducted by Randomized Complete Design (RAL) consisted of 4 treatments and four replications, I1 (100% corn seeds), I2 (50% : 23%: 27%), I3 (50% : 17% : 33%) dan I4 (95% : 5%). The results showed that I 3 was the best inoculum for the growth of the white oyster mushroom fruit body compared to the other inoculums which were characterized by a wide mushroom hood, the length was long and the weight of fresh mushroom was high. The inoculum formula and the best dosage for body production of white oyster mushroom are found in treatment I3 (50% sawdust + 17% corn flour + 33% bran).
Magical banking capital: Neo-endogenous money (NEM)
Authors: Talukdar Sovanbrata
Published: April 2020

This research emerges with internal financial constraint. How financial constraint may lead to economic recess or back. This financial constraint is different than external finance constraint, and is not due to lack of gold, etc. It explains the positive relationship between excess return in stock market (ERSM) and non-real funding or riskier credit. The matter comes under imperfect market banking. It includes subsequently banking behavior and failure of central bank policy to control individual banks under these circumstances. In addition, it presents measures to get awareness before default comes, as financial default rare and crisis in financial market comes much before that.
Corporate governance and the environment in the health sector: Systematic literature review
Authors: Marques Isabel Cristina Panziera , Serrasqueiro Teixeira Zélia Maria da Silva , Nogueira Fernanda Maria Duarte
Published: April 2020

This study aims to explore the different forms of corporate governance in the health sector, how they interact, and analyze the emerging research trend through a systematic literature review (SLR) in the period 2015-2019. The Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases were used to select the 167 articles analyzed. The coverage of corporate governance research was centred on adapting the PRISMA analysis, highlighting the environment which corporate governance belongs to and analysis of the co-occurrence of the keywords used in the studies. Through Grounded theory, a conceptual model was developed, emphasizing the main attributes that influence governance at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels, in the health area, and raising a future agenda for future research in this area: (1) quality of health care, (2) corporate social responsibility in health, (3) health risk management and (4) global health governance. The results of this research aim to guide governments towards emerging regulatory trends, warning about the risks of the impact of corporate governance on health, or the lack of it, on the quality of services. Analysis of the quality of health care is intrinsically related to the environment, although this aspect has received little attention from researchers.
Channel-Stuffing Reinvented: Earnings Management in Toshiba's Personal Computers Division
Authors: Gujarathi Mahendra R. , Dugar Amitabh
Published: April 2020

This case describes how Toshiba, a well-known Japanese conglomerate, creatively used the technique of channel-stuffing to inflate its earnings by $478 million during 2008–2014. Students evaluate the uniqueness of Toshiba's practice of channel-stuffing, determine whether Toshiba's financial statements faithfully depicted the economic reality of underlying transactions, and understand the spiraling effects of channel-stuffing on reported profits. Students also learn that the responsibility for integrity in financial reporting lies not just with the top management, but also with the junior employees. The case requires an understanding of only basic accounting concepts and can be used in a variety of courses, especially in the M.B.A. introductory accounting course, and in the intermediate accounting courses at the undergraduate or graduate level.
Genetic Causes of Severe Childhood Obesity: A Remarkably High Prevalence in an Inbred Population of Pakistan
Authors: Saeed Sadia , Arslan Muhammad , Manzoor Jaida , Din Sadia M. , Janjua Qasim M. , Ayesha Hina , Ain Qura-tul , Inam Laraib , Lobbens Stephane , Vaillant Emmanuel , Durand Emmanuelle , Derhourhi Mehdi , Amanzougarene Souhila , Badreddine Alaa , Berberian Lionel , Gaget Stefan , Khan Waqas I. , Butt Taeed A. , Bonnefond Amélie , Froguel Philippe
Published: April 2020

Monogenic forms of obesity have been identified in ≤10% of severely obese European patients. However, the overall spectrum of deleterious variants (point mutations and structural variants) responsible for childhood severe obesity remains elusive. In this study, we genetically screened 225 severely obese children from consanguineous Pakistani families through a combination of techniques, including an in-house–developed augmented whole-exome sequencing method (CoDE-seq) that enables simultaneous detection of whole-exome copy number variations (CNVs) and point mutations in coding regions. We identified 110 (49%) probands carrying 55 different pathogenic point mutations and CNVs in 13 genes/loci responsible for nonsyndromic and syndromic monofactorial obesity. CoDE-seq also identified 28 rare or novel CNVs associated with intellectual disability in 22 additional obese subjects (10%). Additionally, we highlight variants in candidate genes for obesity warranting further investigation. Altogether, 59% of cases in the studied cohort are likely to have a discrete genetic cause, with 13% of these as a result of CNVs, demonstrating a remarkably higher prevalence of monofactorial obesity than hitherto reported and a plausible overlapping of obesity and intellectual disabilities in several cases. Finally, inbred populations with a high prevalence of obesity provide unique, genetically enriched material in the quest of new genes/variants influencing energy balance.
Is Type 2 Diabetes Causally Associated With Cancer Risk? Evidence From a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Kar Siddhartha , Carter Paul , Vithayathil Mathew , Mason Amy M. , Burgess Stephen , Larsson Susanna C.
Published: April 2020

We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to investigate the causal associations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with risk of overall cancer and 22 site-specific cancers. Summary-level data for cancer were extracted from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium and UK Biobank. Genetic predisposition to T2DM was associated with higher odds of pancreatic, kidney, uterine, and cervical cancer and lower odds of esophageal cancer and melanoma but not associated with 16 other site-specific cancers or overall cancer. The odds ratios (ORs) were 1.13 (95% CI 1.04, 1.22), 1.08 (1.00, 1.17), 1.08 (1.01, 1.15), 1.07 (1.01, 1.15), 0.89 (0.81, 0.98), and 0.93 (0.89, 0.97) for pancreatic, kidney, uterine, cervical, and esophageal cancer and melanoma, respectively. The association between T2DM and pancreatic cancer was also observed in a meta-analysis of this and a previous Mendelian randomization study (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.02, 1.14; P = 0.009). There was limited evidence supporting causal associations between fasting glucose and cancer. Genetically predicted fasting insulin levels were positively associated with cancers of the uterus, kidney, pancreas, and lung. The current study found causal detrimental effects of T2DM on several cancers. We suggest reinforcing the cancer screening in T2DM patients to enable the early detection of cancer.
Strict Preanalytical Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Blood Sample Handling Is Essential for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Potter Julia M. , Hickman Peter E. , Oakman Carmen , Woods Catherine , Nolan Christopher J.
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

Preanalytical processing of blood samples can affect plasma glucose measurement because ongoing glycolysis by cells prior to centrifugation can lower its concentration. In June 2017, ACT Pathology changed the processing of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) blood samples for pregnant women from a delayed to an early centrifugation protocol. The effect of this change on the rate of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis was determined.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

All pregnant women in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) are recommended for GDM testing with a 75-g OGTT using the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria. From January 2015 to May 2017, OGTT samples were collected into sodium fluoride (NaF) tubes and kept at room temperature until completion of the test (delayed centrifugation). From June 2017 to October 2018, OGTT samples in NaF tubes were centrifuged within 10 min (early centrifugation).

RESULTS

A total of 7,509 women were tested with the delayed centrifugation protocol and 4,808 with the early centrifugation protocol. The mean glucose concentrations for the fasting, 1-h, and 2-h OGTT samples were, respectively, 0.24 mmol/L (5.4%), 0.34 mmol/L (4.9%), and 0.16 mmol/L (2.3%) higher using the early centrifugation protocol (P < 0.0001 for all), increasing the GDM diagnosis rate from 11.6% (n = 869/7,509) to 20.6% (n = 1,007/4,887).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study highlight the critical importance of the preanalytical processing protocol of OGTT blood samples used for diagnosing GDM. Delay in centrifuging of blood collected into NaF tubes will result in substantially lower rates of diagnosis than if blood is centrifuged early.
The effects of B1344, a novel fibroblast growth factor 21 analog, on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in nonhuman primates
Authors: Admin Ada , Cui Aoyuan , Li Jian , Ji Shaohui , Ma Fengguang , Wang Genbei , Xue Yaqian , Liu Zhengshuai , Gao Jing , Han Jun , Tai Ping , Wang Tony , Chen Jianxun , Ma Xiaohui , Li Yu
Published: April 2020

Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis has emerged as a major cause of liver diseases with no
effective therapies. Here, we evaluate the efficacies and pharmacokinetics of B1344,
a long-acting PEGylated FGF21 analog, in a nongenetically modified nonhuman primate
species that underwent liver biopsy, and demonstrate the potential for
efficacies in humans. B1344 is sufficient to selectively activate signaling
from the βKlotho/FGFR1c receptor complex. In cynomolgus monkeys with nonalcoholic
fatty liver disease, administration of B1344 via subcutaneous injection for eleven
weeks caused a profound reduction of hepatic steatosis, inflammation and
fibrosis, and amelioration of liver injury and hepatocyte death as evidenced by
liver biopsy and biochemical analysis. Moreover, improvement of metabolic
parameters was observed in the monkey, including reduction of body weight and
improvement of lipid profiles and glycemic control. To determine the role of
B1344 in the progression of murine NAFLD independent of obesity, administration
of B1344 were performed in mice fed with methionine and choline deficiency diet.
Consistently, B1344 administration prevented the mice from lipotoxicity damage
and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis at a dose-dependent manner. These
results provide preclinical validation for an innovative therapeutics to NAFLD,
and support further clinical testing of B1344 for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
and other metabolic diseases in humans.
Maternal Obesity and Western-style Diet Impair Fetal and Juvenile Offspring Skeletal Muscle Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Transport in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Admin Ada , Campodonico-Burnett William , Hetrick Byron , Wesolowski Stephanie R. , Schenk Simon , Takahashi Diana L. , Dean Tyler A. , Sullivan Elinor L. , Kievit Paul , Gannon Maureen , Aagaard Kjersti , Friedman Jacob E. , McCurdy Carrie E.
Published: April 2020

Infants born to mothers with obesity have a greater risk for childhood
obesity and metabolic diseases; however, the underlying biological mechanisms
remain poorly understood. We used a Japanese macaque model to investigate whether
maternal obesity combined with a western-style diet (WSD) impairs offspring
muscle insulin action. Adult females were fed a control or WSD prior to and
during pregnancy through lactation, and offspring subsequently weaned to a control
or WSD. Muscle glucose uptake and signaling were measured ex vivo in fetal (n=5-8/group)
and juvenile offspring (n=8/group). In vivo signaling was evaluated after an insulin bolus
just prior to weaning (n=4-5/group). Maternal WSD reduced insulin-stimulated
glucose uptake and impaired insulin signaling at the level of Akt
phosphorylation in fetal muscle. In juvenile offspring, insulin-stimulated
glucose uptake was similarly reduced by both maternal and post-weaning WSD and
corresponded to modest reductions in insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation relative
to controls. We conclude that maternal WSD leads to a persistent decrease in
offspring muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake even in the absence of increased
offspring adiposity or markers of systemic insulin resistance. Switching
offspring to a healthy diet did not reverse the effects of maternal WSD on
muscle insulin action suggesting earlier interventions may be warranted.
Effect of the Photo-initiator System Contained in Universal Adhesives on Radicular Dentin Bonding
Authors: Carvalho RF , Cardenas AFM , Carvalho CN , de Souza JJ , Bauer JRO , Siqueira FSF , Armas-Vega A , Loguercio AD , Hass V
Published: April 2020

Clinical Relevance

The photo-initiator system based on an advanced polymerization system may be an alternative that can be used to overcome the disadvantages of radicular dentin, especially for the apical third.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of universal adhesives with different photo-initiator systems applied in etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) modes on dentin interaction (push-out bond strength [PBS], nanoleakage [NL], and degree of conversion [DC] within the hybrid layer) in the different root thirds after fiber post cementation.

Methods and Materials: Roots of endodontically prepared human premolars were randomly divided into six groups according to one of three adhesive systems (Scotchbond Universal [SBU], Ambar Universal [AMB], and Ambar Universal APS [AMB-APS]) and two adhesive strategies (ER and SE) for each system. Posts were cemented, and PBS was tested at 0.5 mm/min. The NL was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. DC was measured using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The data were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05).

Results: AMB-APS showed similar performance in all root thirds (p>0.05) and higher values of DC, especially in the apical third (p<0.0001). AMB and SBU showed the lowest values in the apical third (p<0.0001).

Conclusions: The APS photo-initiator system contained in universal adhesives is a feasible alternative for improving radicular bonding procedure.
20 kW laser welding applied on the international thermonuclear experimental reactor correction coil case welding
Authors: Fang Chao , Xin Jijun , Dai Wenhua , Yang Wuxiong , Wei Jing , Song Yuntao
Published: April 2020

International thermonuclear experimental reactor correction coil cases are made of heavy, thick, high strength, and high toughness austenitic stainless steel 316LN. The BTCC (bottom and top correction coils) case has the dimension of 2.5 × 7 m2 and cross section of 239.8 × 146.7 mm2, side correction coil case has the dimension of 7.2 × 7.6 m2 and cross section of 147.8 × 168 mm2, and they will be closure welded after winding pack insertion. The 20 mm welding depth, dozens of meter of welding length, strict welding requirements, large size, and complex configuration bring a big challenge to this closure welding work. 20 kW high power laser welding is selected as the main welding method because of the advantage of potential welding deformation control and its penetrating ability and cracking resistance. The welding parameter is developed that can cover the assembly gap from 0 to 0.5 mm with a good welding quality. A special test coupon is designed for the welding procedure qualification, and related tests are carried out to qualify the joint properties of bend, tensile, and impact. Finally, a full-scale BTCC case is welded. After welding, ultrasonic testing confirms that almost all welds satisfy the weld seam quality requirement. The recorded temperatures less than 250° indicate that the temperature induced by welding will not harm the internal winding pack. The dimensional deviation of the inner face is less than 4 mm and also satisfies the tolerance requirement of ±2 mm for the BTCC case.
Tribological comparison of Inconel 625 coatings deposited via laser metal deposition and tungsten inert gas welding process
Authors: Silva Rafael Gomes Nunes , Pereira Adriano de Souza Pinto , de Sousa Jurandir Marcos Sá , Pereira Milton , Silva Régis Henrique Gonçalves e
Published: April 2020

Although different forms of renewable energy sources are in expansion, the oil and natural gas industry remains essential, maintaining its demand for more efficient methods for product transportation. The most productive and safe way is the flow through pipelines. However, pipeline usage directly involves several wear mechanisms, which contribute to pipeline degradation and, consequently, the need for repairs and maintenance shutdowns, implying in heavy financial impact in the entire industrial chain of supply. An economical and feasible solution to mitigate wear is to protect equipment with metallic coatings. Through this technique, engineers can keep the more noble—and expensive—metals only in regions where their chemical and mechanics proprieties are needed. Various processes may be industrially used for coating, presenting different levels of productivity, quality, and required investment. Among the arc welding processes, the most used for coating applications against wear and corrosion is the tungsten inert gas (TIG) process. The laser coating process, or laser metal deposition (LMD), a process concurrent to TIG, can apply such coatings with high precision and reproducibility, minimizing dilution, distortions, lack of fusion, and the formation of a large heat affected zones; however, results may vary. The present work evaluates two dilution-equivalent Inconel 625 coatings through rubber disk tribological testing, microhardness measurements, and worn surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy via energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Each coating was manufactured by one of the mentioned processes, LMD or TIG, with three replicates of each process to observe its repeatability. For the laser manufactured coating, microhardness values averaged to 247 HV, while TIG's average stayed at 218 HV. Volumetric loss due to wear testing behaved differently, with higher values about 16.3% more for TIG when compared to laser coating. The differences between microhardness values and volume losses are explained by crossing information from each coating's cross-section microscopy and worn surface, as well as each process parameterization and nature. In conclusion, LMD coating presented itself as the more efficient process; such a result, in parallel with the continuous advance in laser sources technology, makes a significant contribution to LMD consolidation as the pipeline coating process and a case study with a tribological comparison between two frequently applied processes.
Strategies to Cope With Students’ Discipline Problems in Senior High School
Authors: Prasetyarini Aryati , Hikmat Mauly Halwat , Thoyibi Mohammad
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the strategies implemented by teachers in facilitating the students to comply with the rules. The study aims at identifying the discipline problems faced by teachers and describing the strategies they employ to cope with the discipline problems. The study employed qualitative approach in which the researchers used questionnaire and interview to collect the data. The participants were high school teachers and students of 10 schools in Central Java, Indonesia from various backgrounds: public, private, Islam-based public, Islam-affiliated private, Islam-based dormitory. The interview script became the primary source for interpreting and analyzing data. The findings revealed that the most common discipline problems faced by the teachers were noisy classroom, wrong/incomplete attributes and unpunctuality. The strategies applied by the teachers to cope with the students were corrective, assertive, and preventive disciplines. The teachers should improve the quality in maintaining the classroom discipline by creating a conducive classroom and involving the students in setting the classroom rules, such as attendance, learning participation, students and teacher actions, and assessment.
Enhancing Critical Thinking in Analyzing Short Story “The Lazy Jack” Viewed from Identity Theory
Authors: Yamin Moh. , Saputra Ajah , Deswila Nurhamsi
Published: April 2020

This paper aims to describe and discuss the messages and meanings of the short story “The Lazy Jack”. The significance of this research is for building new frame that analyzing literary work is only viewed from the setting or character in a simple manner, but also can be viewed from identity theory assisted with critical thinking as the thinking approach rationally and based on the reason. The basis of reasoning is based on the researchers’ capacity in deepening and learning the situations and conflict happening to the character in the story. It is qualitative research in which the data collection is started from coding obtained from the text “The Lazy Jack” in line with the goal of the research. The result of this research shows that Jack does not have a firm personal identity, firm life principle, life vision, and struggling for survival. He is the one dependent on others although he always fails to learn to be better. It means that Jack is without personal and social identity.
Клинические примеры различных типов инфаркта миокарда с позиции выбора оптимальных подходов к вторичной профилактике
Authors: Pecherina T.B. , Kashtalap V.V.
Published: April 2020

В статье представлены клинические случаи, иллюстрирующие значимость разделения пациентов в зависимости от типа инфаркта миокарда на 1-й и 2-й типы в соответствии с новым четвертым универсальным определением инфаркта миокарда. На двух примерах проиллюстрированы сложности с выбором оптимальной терапии у пациентов с различными типами инфаркта миокарда и коморбидными заболеваниями, включая фибрилляцию предсердий. В первом случае у пациента классический инфаркт миокарда 1-го типа, с потребностью в агрессивной антитромботической терапии в течение 12 мес и длительном приеме базовых препаратов по поводу ишемической болезни сердца. У пациентки из второго клинического случая инфаркт миокарда 2-го типа с необходимостью лишь в монотерапии пероральными антикоагулянтами для улучшения прогноза. Тем не менее в практической деятельности врача бывает крайне сложно отличить больных с разными типами инфаркта миокарда, в связи с чем терапия у таких пациентов бывает неоптимальной. В связи с вышесказанным предлагается активно использовать в широкой клинической практике возможности нового международного согласительного документа Четвертое универсальное определение инфаркта миокарда .
Konseling Lintas Budaya dan Agama (Nilai-Nilai pada Masyarakat Suku Batak dalam Melakukan Pendampingan terhadap Disabilitas)
Authors: Sinaga Merryanne Elisabet , Gulo Yurulina
Published: April 2020

This study aims to describe and analyze the values of life that "disability" occurs not because of a curse so that it experiences "disability." Through the use of social values in the Batak Tribe, acceptance and support for people with disabilities can build good relations. This research uses a qualitative-descriptive approach. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews from the municipal government and Central Tapanuli Sibolga District, religious leaders, elements of the Hepata Laguboti Panti Karya community institution and Sibolga RBM as sources and direct interviews with Disability families. The process of community social counseling occurs because of differences through perspective, mindset, and culture in reality. The counseling action towards the counselor is carried out through acceptance, respect and respect in accordance with the cultural elements in the existing community. Through Cross-Cultural and Religious Counseling it is necessary to provide assistance to Disability Welfare, especially for Bataks, where there is still an understanding that "Disability" is caused by curses. Through cross-cultural and religious counseling, Batak tribal values are used to humanize humans, because humanizing humans is part of justice in society
Pendidikan Islam dan Multikulturalisme di Indonesia
Authors: Sapirin Sapirin
Published: April 2020

The plurality of Indonesian society can be seen from various sides in terms of race, ethnicity, culture, religion, socioeconomic groups and even in terms of political orientation. The diversity that is owned by the people of Indonesia is a distinct characteristic that is a priceless wealth. On the other hand, although diversity is a very prestigious thing, on the other hand it can be a potential that drives conflict and division. The concept of multicultural education has a significant problem that is concerned with religious understanding. If this is the emphasis, then in the teaching of Islam the teachings are those that deal with universal values as possessed by all religions. While it is understood for certain that in Islamic religious education taught is monotheism, jurisprudence, and morality karimah. Thus it can be understood that in Islamic religious education is very strongly based in fostering civilized humans. If we pay attention, multiculturalism education does not have a strong foundation in conceptualizing its educational goals. Compared to Islamic education the foundation is clearly based on the Koran, Sunnah and Ijtihad on the ulama. So it is clear that the goal of Islamic education is the formation of attitudes, of course at the social level it is part of multiculturalism education. The attitude here is praiseworthy behavior which is a reflection of Islamic education itself.
Ma’bulle Tomate : Memori Budaya Aluk Todolo Pada Ritual Kematian di Gandangbatu, Toraja
Authors: Rapa' Ones Kristiani , Gulo Yurulina
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to see how changes occur in the rituals of death in Toraja specifically in Gandangbatu. The intended death ritual is the Ma'bulle Tomate ritual. This Ma'bulle Tomate ritual is one of the rituals contained in Rambu Solo. The method used is a qualitative research method with interview and observation techniques. The Ma'bulle Tomate ritual in Gandangbatu has experienced a clear shift in its practice, which in the past in Aluk Todolo beliefs was accompanied by badong, now replaced by singing. the author found that the meaning of badong in Aluk Todolo is as a medium to express the social status of the dead in society, the completeness of the ritual of his death, prayer requests to Puang Matua so that the deceased get a decent place in puya (a place of waiting) and those who live long life and blessed by Puang Matua. While the meaning of the song in Ma'bulle Tomate is the Christian hymn is just a worship of God and comfort to the family. Through the theoretical approach of Massimo Rosati in the book 'Ritual and Sacred' finally can understand and discover how changes occur in the Ma'bulle Tomate Ritual and the meaning of badong in Aluk Todolo before the entry of Christianity in Gandangbatu.
Pengembangan Pembelajaran Digita Era 4.0: Media Animasi Pahlawan Sisingamangaraja XII
Authors: Harahap Apriani , Setiawan Deny , Siregar Rosnah
Published: April 2020

This article aims to develop the animation media of hero Sisingamangaraja XII which is digitally packaged in the 4.0 era of students so that they can enhance the national character of national heroes in their regions. The location of the study was conducted in the first semester students of the basics of developing social studies material at the Faculty of Social Sciences, Medan State University. Research refers to Borg & Gall's research and development research theories and models. The development model is summarized into three stages of activities namely (1) a preliminary study, namely: observation and study of literature. (2) Development is carried out by making scripts, storyboards and making video animations. (3) The evaluation phase consists of evaluating the media and material experts and evaluating small groups. This media deserves to be utilized with the results of the validation of 85% of instructional media experts and product trials. This shows that this animation media is very populated as learning media of the digital era 4.0, especially learning materials, Fundamentals of Social Sciences material.
Analisis Peran Gender dalam Pengasuhan Anak pada Keluarga Etnis Jawa dan Sunda di Wilayah Perbatasan
Authors: Gunawan Noeranisa Adhadianty , Nurwati Nunung , Sekarningrum Bintarsih
Published: April 2020

This study aims to analyze gender roles in childcare of families in Jawa-Jawa Ethnic, Jawa-Sunda Ethnic, and SundaSunda Etnic. Javanese-Javanese Ethnic and Sundanese-Sundanese Ethnic family as the main study that will show a mixture of values, culture, and behavior in Javanese-Sundanese Ethnic families. The study uses qualitative descriptive to approach with the case study research techniques. Data collection was obtained through observation, interviews, research studies and documentation studies. The results of the study shows that the differences gender roles in childcare of the Javanese-Javanese ethnic families, the Sundanese-Sundanese ethnic families, and the JavaneseSundanese ethnic families caused by habits, the way of life, and values are still embraced by each family. Based on the culture of its respective ethnicity The role of gender in the family is functioning but there is also a dysfunction where one of the roles are not practiced by men or women in parenting. Thus, it is, although the two ethnicities have coexisted for decades, the people still see differences in childcare caused by the application of the values in each family.