bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between women’s empowerment and contraceptive failure in Indonesia: 2017 IDHS data analysis
Authors: Ginoga Sizi Lia , Samosir Omas Bulan , Djutaharta Triasih
Published: April 2024

Background: Contraceptive failure has negative consequences, including unwanted pregnancies and abortions, which can cause maternal morbidity and mortality. Contraceptive failure is influenced by individual factors such as the user and the quality of the contraceptive method/device. One of the individual factors is the cultural factor which can be seen from the empowerment of women in improving the quality of health, including the use of contraception. There is no study which has discussed women’s empowerment as the determination of contraceptive failure.
Purpose: Therefore, this study aims to analyze the association of women’s empowerment in contraception failure in Indonesia.
Methods: The data source used is the results of the 2017 IDHS (Indonesia’s Demographic and Health Survey) with the unit of analysis from the period of using contraceptives to women who get pregnant while using contraceptives. The dependent variable is the duration of contraceptive usage. The main independent variable is women’s empowerment as measured by four indicators, namely asset ownership in the name of the wife, ability of decision-making in the household, ability to earn cash by working, and attending at least junior high school. Data were analyzed using the survival analysis method.
Results: The results of the analysis show that the four factors of women’s empowerment have a significant negative association with contraceptive failure after controlling for socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental factors.
Conclusion: Variables that are positively associated with contraceptive failure are participation in household decisions, education, residence status, and internet usage. Variables that are negatively associated with contraceptive failure are asset ownership, working status, and number of children.
Graph Representations for Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Schab Esteban , Casanova Carla , Piccoli Fabiana
Published: April 2024

Graph analysis is becoming increasingly important due to the expressive power of graph models and the efficient algorithms available for processing them. Reinforcement Learning is one domain that could benefit from advancements in graph analysis, given that a learning agent may be integrated into an environment that can be represented as a graph. Nevertheless, the structural irregularity of graphs and the lack of prior labels make it difficult to integrate such a model into modern Reinforcement Learning frameworks that rely on artificial neural networks. Graph embedding enables the learning of low-dimensional vector representations that are more suited for machine learning algorithms, while retaining essential graph features. This paper presents a framework for evaluating graph embedding algorithms and their ability to preserve the structure and relevant features of graphs by means of an internal validation metric, without resorting to subsequent tasks that require labels for training. Based on this framework, three defined algorithms that meet the necessary requirements for solving a specific problem of Reinforcement Learning in graphs are selected, analyzed, and compared. These algorithms are Graph2Vec, GL2Vec, and Wavelet Characteristics, with the latter two demonstrating superior performance.
Governance of Technologies and Information Systems for the Higher Education: Systematic Mapping of Study
Authors: Merchán-Rodríguez Vicente , Juiz Carlos
Published: April 2024

The pandemic has led to more attention to how technologies and information systems (T&IS) are governed in higher education institutions (HEI). However, many of the aspects are used to study them do not gather the expectations of those who benefit from these studies and the institutions are shocked as a result that major aspects of governance are not considered. This paper seeks to summarize the current knowledge that is available regarding the strategies adopted to know the state of governance of T&IS for the higher education between 2015 and 2021 years. A systematic mapping of studies was carried out to review the aspects that have been used by the researchers in the different studies. The results show that 30% of the works reviewed are broad and cover variables of operation, management, and government; they provide a renewed set of judgments, dimensions, and indicators to measure the level of institutional achievement, in addition COBIT v5 is the most widely used reference framework to measure capacities in governance of technology and information system for processes. The results obtained have made it possible to identify several opportunities in research such as creating a useful framework for HEI.
La Cámara Federal y la obediencia debida. Un análisis sobre dos escenas judiciales de la transición a la democracia en Argentina, las causas “Camps” y “Astiz”
Authors: Rama Cristian
Published: April 2024

El artículo analiza el tratamiento jurídico de la obediencia debida en la Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Correccional Criminal de la Capital Federal en una etapa clave de la transición a la democracia en Argentina, la que corrió entre el fin del Juicio a las Juntas y la Ley de Punto Final. En la sentencia del juicio a los ex comandantes el tribunal de apelaciones porteño ordenó continuar investigando a militares con distinta jerarquía en la estructura de las Fuerzas Armadas y de seguridad. En ese marco, centenares de expedientes en poder del Consejo Supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas comenzaron a ser apelados en las cámaras federales de todo el país, retomando centralidad en el debate público y jurídico el problema de la obediencia debida. A partir del examen de diversas fuentes judiciales, el artículo trata dos casos en los que la Cámara falló sobre los alcances y límites de dicha noción, las causas “Camps” y “Hagelin/Astiz”. Entre las conclusiones, el escrito muestra el papel protagónico que la Cámara mantuvo en los meses siguientes al Juicio a las Juntas y la incidencia que tuvieron los fallos en la dinámica que adquirió ese momento de la transición.
Derechos humanos y violencia policial en democracia: el Foro Memoria y Sociedad (Rosario, 1997-2003)
Authors: Kresic Agustina
Published: April 2024

Desde comienzos de la década de 1990, la violencia policial constituyó el paradigma de la violencia estatal en Argentina. En razón de ello, recogiendo el legado de lucha de los organismos de derechos humanos conformados durante y luego de la última dictadura (1976-1983), se crearon organizaciones que se dieron como tarea la denuncia de este tipo de violencia en particular. En 1997, la ciudad de Rosario (Santa Fe) vio nacer el Foro Memoria y Sociedad, historia que se reconstruye aquí a partir de diversas fuentes: prensa, documentos del organismo y una entrevista. Estudiar el Foro permite elaborar una imagen signiﬁcativa de las tesituras que la violencia policial adquirió en la provincia de Santa Fe durante la década de 1990: por un lado, se comprueba que, al igual que en el caso de Buenos Aires, las principales víctimas son los jóvenes varones de barrios populares y, por otro lado, es posible detectar algunas continuidades con prácticas dictatoriales. Además, este trabajo contribuye a reﬂexionar sobre las trayectorias de los organismos de derechos humanos en Argentina: particularmente repone el trabajo y compromiso del docente y militante Rubén Naranjo.
“En esta guerra los libros son armas”: Entre el compromiso político y el devenir comercial en el campo cultural germano-argentino antinazi
Authors: Schierenbeck Tomás
Published: April 2024

Desde el ascenso del nacionalsocialismo en Alemania tanto en la ciudad de Buenos Aires como en distintas ciudades del mundo surgieron proyectos editoriales conducidos por opositores a sabiendas de combatir la ideología nacionalsocialista y reivindicar la existencia de una “otra Alemania” en el exilio. El siguiente artículo se propone 1) exhibir algunas de las estrategias de inserción de iniciativas editoriales fundadas en Buenos Aires dentro de aquel universo editorial alemán en el exilio. Así como el proceso contrario, es decir, reponer el rol de las propias publicaciones editadas en Argentina como plataformas de recepción y circulación de contenidos producidos en el hemisferio norte entre los lectores germanos hablantes en América Latina. Para esto partimos de interpelar a las publicaciones periódicas como “dispositivos de exposición” (Rogers, 2019). Además, 2) exhibir algunas de las estrategias utilizadas por parte de las editoriales Cosmopolita y Alemann para generar un vínculo con sus lectores, así como sus medios utilizados para “hacer equilibrio” entre el compromiso político y la supervivencia comercial en tanto empresas editoriales dirigidas a un público germano hablante. Para esto, tendremos en cuenta la valencia de las publicaciones periódicas como vectores de formación de “comunidades afectivas” (Gandhi, 2006) a escalas transnacionales.
La socialdemocracia a ritmo de samba. Reseña de Barros, C. R. de (2022). PT uma historia. San Pablo: Companhia das letras
Authors: Barraza José Alberto
Published: April 2024

La socialdemocracia a ritmo de samba. Reseña de Barros, C. R. de (2022). PT uma historia. San Pablo: Companhia das letras.
Infestation and storages in Balochistan during 2019-2020
Authors:   University of Balochistan, Wali Shabana , Dastagir  ,   University of Balochistan, Shah Arif ,   Department of Agriculture, Plant protection, Balochistan, Mushtaq Rehana ,   University of Balochistan, Mudasar  ,   University of Balochistan
Published: April 2024

The present study was aimed to inspect the stored product insect pests from different godowns (Governmental and Private) of four districts namely Quetta, Pishin, Loralai and Sibi (two from cold and two from hot climatic regions). Insect pests damaging cereals were collected from godowns of these localities. The collections were made on a monthly basis from five (Private/Govt./Plinth) godowns of each district. All insect pests were collected during January -December 2019-2020. These samples were identified by using the standard identification keys [1–3]. Tribolium castaneum showed the highest increase, from 10.28% in 2019 to 13.54% in 2020. Trogoderma granarium also had a significant increase from 9.28% to 12.25%, followed by Rhizopertha dominica with an increase from 7.18% to 9.83%. Sitophylus oryzae showed a smaller increase from 7.18% to 8.40%, while Angoumois grain moths had the smallest increase from 1.06% to 1.59% in Sibi while least population was noticed in Quetta as Tribolium castaneum were found with 5.03% and increased to 7.25% in 2020. Trogoderma granarium from 3.80% to 5.56%, Rhizopertha dominica were from 2.67% to 3.48%, Sitophylus oryzae from 1.75% to 1.49% and Angoumois grain moths were collected from 0.51% to 0.41%. The collected data also reveal that in governmental godowns the population of stored product insect pests were found higher than the private godowns due to their basic facilities. The values in Sibi showed an increase from 11.74% to 16.42% in 2020 for government godowns and an increase from 6.95% to 12.30% in open areas. Private godowns had 15.34% in 2019 and increased to 16.89% in 2020. Similarly, Loralai and Pishin government godowns also showed an increase in insect pests in 2020. In contrast, Quetta government godowns had a relatively stable percentage of insect pests in 2019 and 2020, while private godowns showed an increase from 2.88% to 4.04%. The present study is the first of its kind and is helped full for the identification and prevalence of different stored product pests in different storages of Balochistan during 2019-2020 in Covid condition.
HUBUNGAN PERILAKU PICKY EATER DAN DURASI TIDUR DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN PADA BALITA
Authors: Putri Salsabila Ratyana , Chondro Fransisca
Published: April 2024

In toddlerhood, children begin to understand the concept of autonomy so they start to choose things they like, one of which is the behavior of choosing food, namely picky eaters. If the nutritional intake is less varied, there’s a possibility that the child won’t get sufficient nutrition that support the development process. In addition to nutritional intake, responsive parenting is essential in meeting children's needs, such as adequate sleep time. Sleep in children facilitates the maturation and repair of body cell functions, including brain cells and hormones that play a role in development. This study used a cross-sectional study design using primary data from 138 toddlers in the Posyandu of Tanjung Duren Utara Village. Assessment of picky eater behavior using the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), sleep duration using the average questionnaire of sleep duration and child development using the Indonesian pre-screening developmental questionnaire, Kuesioner Pra-Skrining Perkembangan (KPSP). Analysis of bivariate data using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p<0.05. Among the 138 respondents, it was found that the majority had picky eater behavior, namely 93 (67.4%) children, 73.2% children have an adequate sleep duration, and 57.2% children have  appropriate development. The relationship between picky eater behavior and development through statistical tests obtained a p = 0.035 (p <0.05) and between sleep duration and development p=0.298 (p>0.05). There is a relationship between picky eater behavior and development in toddlers and no relationship between sleep duration and results in toddlers.
PERTIMBANGAN UU ITE DALAM TINDAK PIDANA PENYEBARAN GAMBAR PORNOGRAFI (PUTUSAN NOMOR 563/PID.SUS-/2020/PN.BGL)
Authors: Audina Encik Inne Alifia , Widjajanti Ermania
Published: April 2024

The perpetrator Julianda deliberately and knowingly posted nude images of the victim Murni Januasari to socia media accounts in the form of Facebook and Instagram belonging to the victim which he did without prior permission and had deviated from the rules in Article 27 paragraph (1) jo Article 45 paragraph (1) of the EIT Law. The Subject Matter raised by the Author is 1.) How did the judge consider in the case of decision No. 563/PID. Sus/2020/PN.Bgl reviewed from Article 27 Paragraph (1) of the EIT Law Jo Article 45 Paragraph (1) EIT Law on the dissemination of immora content on socia media? 2.) Is the conviction of the perpetrator who has been decided by the judge in decision 563/Pid. Sus/2020/PN.Bgl in accordance with the purpose of punishment? This research uses a normative type that is descriptive anaytica, data collection using secondary data obtained through literature studies and data processed quaitatively using deductive logic conclusions. As for the conclusions of this study 1.) The defendant has fulfilled the elements contained in Article 27 paragraph (1) of the EIT Law Jo Article 45 paragraph (1) of the EIT Law. The first element is the element of everyone, the second element is the existence of elements intentionaly and without rights, the third element is the element of distributing and / or transmitting and / or making accessible electronic information and / or electronic documents that have content that violates decency. 2.) The crimina conviction of the accused is in accordance with the magnitude of the mistake committed by the defendant.
PRAPERADILAN JULIET ASRIL SEBAGAI TERSANGKA PIDANA KORUPSI (PUTUSAN NOMOR 3/PID.PRA/2021/PN.TPG)
Authors: Dinanti Bernandia Hamsyah , Setiyono
Published: April 2024

Pretrial Request Number 3/Pid.Pra/2021/PN.Tpg from the Tanjung Pinang District Court, citing expiration as the basis for the request. This study focuses on how Pre-trial object arrangements are governed by the Criminal Procedure Code in relation to the Constitutional Court's decision No. 21/PUU-XII/2014 and whether the legal considerations and dictum of the Pretrial decision No. 3/Pid.Pra/2021/PN.Tpg were in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code and the Constitutional Court's decision No. 21/PUU-XII/2014. The author conducted normative research in order to respond to this query. Data management is conducted qualitatively, with reference to secondary data or library materials, while analysis and conclusion-drawing are qualitatively descriptive and deductive, respectively. Conclusions drawn from the research and discussion are that the legal considerations and the judge's dictum in Tanjungpinang District Pre-Trial Case Number 3/Pid.Pra/2021/PN.Tpg are not appropriate because there are only two grounds for determining a suspect: the allegation that the suspect committed a crime and the existence of sufficient preliminary evidence.
SANKSI PIDANA TERHADAP PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA, GOL.1 DALAM BENTUK BUKAN TANAMAN UNTUK DIRI SENDIRI (PUT.NO.103/PID.SUS/2021/PN.JKT.SEL)
Authors: Wibowo Bimo Ilham , Widjajanti Ermania
Published: April 2024

According to the National Narcotics Agency, drug abuse increased from 1.80% to 1.95% in 2021-2022. This has resulted in overcrowding in prisons. The majority of inmates in correctional facilities are drug offenders, estimated at 145,413 out of 151,303 individuals. This study discusses the case of Rahmat Handoyo, also known as Doyok, who committed the crime of "Misuse of Narcotics Group I, Non-Plant-Based" and was sentenced to prison. In this case, the perpetrator should have received rehabilitation as an alternative form of punishment as stipulated by the laws and regulations. The main issue revolves around the judge's failure to impose rehabilitative measures on drug offenders. The findings of this study indicate that the judge erred in considering the decision based on applicable laws and wrongly assessed drug addicts as sick individuals, where punishment is not the appropriate answer morally and legally, taking into account the expert opinion assessment in accordance with Article 55. This research adopts a descriptive analytical approach, gathering both primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through interviews and were qualitatively analyzed using deductive logic, supported by secondary data from literature studies.
PENGGUNAAN KARYA CIPTA FONT ‘OM TELOLET OM’ PADA PRODUK GREENFIELDS
Authors: Izabelle Stella Monica , Nugrahani Rr. Aline Gratika
Published: April 2024

As the owner of the ‘Om Telolet Om’ font, Arwan OD objected to using his font for the Greenfields brand. The font is used in writing attached to the Greenfields milk packaging. This study aims to find out how the Copyright Law protects fonts as copyrighted works and whether the use of the ‘Om Telolet Om’ font by Greenfields products is a copyright infringement. The research uses normative legal research methods, with secondary data supported by primary data. Based on the results of the research, it is known that based on Article 40 of the Copyright Law Number 28 of 2014, fonts are copyrighted works in the field of calligraphy art so the use of the font ‘Om Telolet Om’ without permission on greenfields milk packaging is a violation of the economic rights of the creator.
PENGGUNAAN ASAS SEDERHANA DALAM PENDAFTARAN TANAH ELEKTRONIK (STUDI KASUS KANTOR PERTANAHAN KOTA TANGERANG)
Authors: Hermanto Suluh Annastasya , Indiraharti Novina Sri
Published: April 2024

Electronic land registration begins with the government's innovation to create a simple principle in land registration services, with the problem of whether the simple principle of electronic land registration at the Tangerang City Land Office is in accordance with the applicable provisions, and how to resolve the law if there are legal constraints in electronic land registration at the Tangerang City Land Office. The methodology of research used in this journal is normative research with The conclusion of this research is a simple principle in land registration regulated in article 2 of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 aims to make the procedure of land registration easier to understand and does not take long, however its implementation has not been fulfilled and in its implementation there are also legal obstacles, namely that there is often a data mismatch with those in the field which has an impact on legal
Superior Al90Mg10-Based Composite Fuel Grain for a Hybrid Rocket Engine
Authors: Wang Zezhong , Lin Xin , Pan Junjie , Luo Jiaxiao , Wang Ruoyan , Zhang Zelin , Yu Xilong
Published: April 2024

A paraffin-based fuel coupled with a nested helical matrix structure is a low-cost, high-performing alternative for hybrid rocket engine applications. The mechanical and combustion properties of the composite fuel grain can be enhanced by replacing the conventional polymer matrix with a metal skeleton. Three-dimensional printing was used to design an Al90Mg10 skeleton embedded with the paraffin-based fuel. The combustion characteristics of the composite fuel grain, including the ignition behavior, pressure oscillations, regression rate, and combustion efficiency, were comprehensively investigated. The properties of grains with and without a secondary perforated structure were compared. The flame structure and metal burning behavior of the hybrid rocket engine were monitored by endoscopic radioluminescence imaging, and the emission spectral characteristics of the plume were analyzed simultaneously. Good flammability makes the Al90Mg10 helical skeleton a promising candidate for enhancing the combustion performance of a paraffin-based fuel grain. The combustion process with rapid ignition was relatively stable, and no additional pressure oscillation frequency was observed. The metal-based composite fuel grains had a superior regression rate to that of a paraffin-based fuel grain (up to 100% higher using the perforated skeleton). Introducing a secondary structure into the fuel grain promoted the reaction and thereby enhanced the combustion performance.
Minimum-Drag Fault-Tolerant Aircraft Control Allocation via Online Lifting Line Calculation
Authors: Antonakis Aristeidis , Biannic Jean-Marc
Published: April 2024

The minimization of drag at any given flight condition is necessary for the reduction of aircraft fuel consumption and is strongly linked to the way the different aerodynamic surfaces are deflected to control the flight trajectory. Current optimal control allocation methods calculate commands that minimize norm-based metrics that are only loosely related to aircraft drag. In this paper, using a novel real-time application of the lifting line concept, a new control allocation method for overactuated “biomorphic” fixed-wing aircraft is introduced, aiming at addressing the above limitation. The proposed technique outputs optimal, fault-tolerant minimum-drag control allocation solutions for vehicles with large numbers of aerodynamic surfaces, combined with angle-of-attack and angle-of-sideslip estimator functions that allow for direct, localized control of the lift force vectors. Owing to its close link to lifting line theory, which constitutes an integral part of the proposed allocation calculation, the method represents a low-computational-cost solution to the control allocation problem, easily adaptable to different aircraft configurations. Alongside its theoretical development and stability analysis, a series of simulated experiments are presented that demonstrate the proposed method’s characteristics and potential applications.
Crossflow Instability on a Swept Fin–Cone with Variable Nose Bluntness in Mach 6 Flow
Authors: Middlebrooks John Benjamin , Peck Madeline McMillan , Farnan Emma Lilian , Matlis Eric , Juliano Thomas J. , Corke Thomas C. , Mullen Daniel , Reed Helen , Semper Michael T.
Published: April 2024

Experiments and computational analysis have been conducted to study instabilities in the boundary layer over a swept fin–cone geometry in hypersonic flow. Experiments were carried out at the United States Air Force Academy’s Mach 6 Ludwieg Tube. Infrared thermography was employed to assess the surface temperature distribution, particularly the thermal striations on the fin that indicated a crossflow-dominated transition. Increasing the unit Reynolds number increased heating and moved the crossflow-transition front closer to the fin leading edge. Stability analysis based on the linear parabolized stability equations identified unstable stationary crossflow modes across the range of tested unit Reynolds numbers, and the most amplified disturbances were found to have wavelengths of 2–4 mm. The experimentally observed thermal striations were analyzed and found to have initial wavelengths of 2–5 mm but eventually formed higher-amplitude structures with a wavelength of approximately 10 mm. Discrete roughness elements of different diameters and spacings were implemented near the fin leading edge. Boundary-layer transition onset was found to be delayed with a subsequent lowering of the fin surface heating, with discrete roughness elements having a wavelength of 13.33 mm.
Stress-Equivalent Spalart–Allmaras Wall Model with Local Boundary Conditions for Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes
Authors: Ursachi Carmen-Ioana , Allmaras Steven R. , Darmofal David L. , Galbraith Marshall C.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we present a wall model based on a modified version of the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model. Unlike typical wall models, this method avoids the need to query the interior solution by utilizing solution information solely at the boundary, making it well-suited for unstructured grids and mesh adaptation. Furthermore, this wall-modeling method is formulated to lessen the near-wall grid resolution requirements by, below the log layer, making the eddy viscosity approach a constant, nonzero value and the velocity varying approximately linearly with distance from the wall. Using output-based mesh adaptation, this new wall-modeling method is compared to standard Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS-SA). It is shown that this wall model results in accurate predictions of quantities of interest such as aerodynamic coefficients, surface pressure and temperature, skin friction, and heat transfer compared with RANS-SA, while requiring substantially less near-wall grid.
Effect of Short-Fiber Orientation on the Tensile Strength of Epoxy Adhesives
Authors: Holst Tobias , Englisch Nils , Antoniou Alexandros , Manousides Nikolas , Balzani Claudio
Published: April 2024

Short-glass-fiber-reinforced adhesives are state-of-the-art materials used in the bond lines of wind turbine blades. Various alignments of the short fibers are emerging, which depend on the adhesive flow during the application and joining processes. This induces a spectrum of direction-dependent mechanical properties. The tensile strength, for instance, can vary by about 20% depending on the load direction. Therefore, the adhesive performance, which is normally determined under controlled laboratory conditions and implemented in bond line design routines, can deviate from the in situ application. This work investigates the effect of the short-fiber alignment on the tensile strength distribution of an industry-standard adhesive used in wind turbine rotor blades. The smeared short-fiber orientation of the tensile specimens tested is estimated locally near the damaged surface using a material model that is fed with thermomechanical measurements and calibrated via micro-computed-tomography analysis. A linear correlation between tensile strength and short-fiber alignment has been identified. This augments the identification of the material’s upper and lower strength limits for bond line design purposes.
Heat Transfer Enhancement of Microchannel Heat Sink Using Sine Curve Fins
Authors: Liu Ping , Sun Ruiqi , Hu Lianghong , Wang Weihua , Ji Jiadong
Published: April 2024

In this study, numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effects of initial models (parallel and symmetrical arrangement) using interruption fins on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of microchannel heat sink (MHS). The results indicate that MHS with symmetrical fin arrangement has a higher Nusselt number and lower thermal resistance. The vortices perpendicular to the flowpath is the main factor of affecting the heat transfer characteristics. Because of the higher vorticity, the channel with symmetrical fins achieves higher heat transfer performance. To further improve the heat transfer performance, three modified models (models III–V) are obtained by adopting the methods of staggered, reducing fin quantity, and adding pin fins, respectively. The staggered arrangement of fins can deepen the secondary flow in the channel, and the additional vortices are formed with adding pin fins, which can enhance heat transfer capacity in models III and V. On the other hand, reducing the number of fins can damage some vortices, which can actually reduce heat transfer performance. It is worth noting that both the staggered fins and the pin fins significantly increase the pressure drops of the channel, while reducing the fins number leads to an obvious decrease in the pressure drop.
O Nutricionista no Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS): um relato de experiência
Authors: Nascimento Renata Lima , Ramos Flávia Pascoal
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Apresentar a atuação do nutricionista em um município de médio porte e refletir sobre as possibilidades da atuação deste profissional no Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS). Relato de experiência: Trata-se de um relato de experiência da atuação de nutricionista nos serviços socioassistenciais de um município baiano desde a sua contratação, por um período de 20 meses. A primeira atividade realizada foi o planejamento dos cardápios e definição de per capitas de cada equipamento que ofertava alimentação nos serviços socioassistenciais, com objetivo de controle de custo e de saldo de licitação. Foram então identificadas demandas das áreas de alimentação coletiva e saúde coletiva na PSB e PSE, além de atividades de nutrição clínica realizadas na PSE. A principal dificuldade encontrada foi a falta de embasamento técnico disponível para atuação do nutricionista no SUAS. Apesar disso, as atividades desenvolvidas contribuíram para a melhor administração dos recursos disponíveis, melhoria na qualidade nutricional e na segurança dos alimentos ofertados e para a promoção da EAN. Considerações finais: Pode ser considerado que a atuação do nutricionista no SUAS pode contribuir sobremaneira para a garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional da população assistida.
Aspects of project staffing management in an organizational system
Authors:   MIREA – Russian Technological University, BORZYKH Nikita Yu. , KALACH Andrey V. ,   Voronezh State Technical University, SMOLENTSEVA Tatyana E. ,   MIREA – Russian Technological University, TOLMASOV Ruslan S. ,   MIREA – Russian Technological University
Published: April 2024

Purpose. The ongoing global changes have a significant impact on all areas of the world economy as a whole, including the domestic economy. Solving the problem of personnel shortages and the ever-increasing need of industry for qualified personnel can be achieved by improving the mechanisms of staffing management in project implementation across industries without involving intermediary firms. The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of decision-making in staffing management for the functioning of an organizational system by improving methodological tools. Methods. The study uses the parametric method of data analysis, the method of mathematical modeling, and also the method of structural and functional analysis. Findings. The article provides a description of the authors' model for staff selection management in the implementation of specific projects or work, while maintaining the current personnel in the organizational system. Production chains are considered and the need for localizing some parts of production chains on the territory of the Russian Federation is outlined. The possible causes and main consequences of personnel shortages in the Russian Federation are shown. The analysis of the main existing HR technologies allowed us to formulate an original approach to the rotation of existing human resources, which enables to rotate employees between projects, bypassing direct interaction with intermediaries and the labor market. The authors considered the specifics of forming a unified information base, which ensures unambiguous interpretation of the concepts used and the unity of means and methods for assessing the compliance of candidates with qualification requirements. It should be noted that the proposed management approach incorporates the redistribution practice successfully proven in the IT and consulting fields. Research application field. The developed model makes it possible to select candidates for project roles, taking into account the possibility of choosing candidates who do not strictly meet the initial requirements. Conclusions. A mathematical model for project staffing management in an organizational system is proposed. It differs from the known models by utilizing competencies and employee rotation in organizational systems. Competencies are represented as an original set of interchangeable elements (knowledge, skills, abilities), allowing for the selection of employees based on specified qualification requirements.
Impact of Maternal Viral Suppression on Growth Patterns for HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants in Kenya
Authors: Magerko Katherine , Humphrey John , Songok Julia , Musick Beverly , Alera Joy Marsha , Kipchumba Bett , Kosgei Wycliffe , Mwangi Winfred , Yang Kara , Wools-Kaloustian Ziyi , McHenry Megan S.
Published: April 2024

Background and Objective

Children born to mothers living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk for poor health outcomes but data characterizing these associations are limited. Our objective was to determine the impact of maternal viral suppression on growth patterns and malnutrition for infants who are HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of clinical data for infants who were HEU and their mothers (September 2015 – March 2019) in Kenya. Infants were stratified based on maternal viral suppression status (≥ or <1000 copies/mL); t-tests were used to compare groups. Growth indicators were evaluated with Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and area under the curve. Moderate-to-severe underweight status, stunting, and wasting were defined by weight-for-age (WFA), height-for-age (HFA), and weight-for-height (WFH), z-scores ≤2, and were used to define malnutrition. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate potential associations with malnutrition indicators between WFH and HFA.

Results

Among 674 infants who were HEU, 48.7% were male and 85.0% had mothers who were virally suppressed. The median age at first and last clinic visits was 1.5 and 16.4 months, respectively. WFA and HFA z-scores over time differed by sex, and WFA and HFA differed based on maternal viral suppression (P < 0.05). Male infants had higher adjusted odds for stunted status, and as children aged, they had slightly increased odds of becoming underweight or stunted. Maternal viral suppression and timing of maternal antiretroviral therapy initiation in relation to the prevention of vertical transmission (PVT) enrollment did not significantly affect malnutrition indicators.

Conclusion and Global Health Implications

Maternal viral suppression status was not associated with increased odds of more severe malnutrition indicators in children who were HEU. However, overall growth patterns over time, measured by z-scores of growth indicators, did differ based on maternal viral suppression status, and to a lesser degree, by gender.
An Analysis of Reforms and Trends in The National Healthcare System of North Macedonia During the Transition Period
Authors: Ollogu Elisabeta Bajrami , Pavlovski Daniel , Shaipi Urime Demiri
Published: April 2024

This research provides an analysis of the healthcare system in North Macedonia aiming to address the results of reforms, current functioning of the system and analyze the trends whilst reforming some segments of the system with particular focus in the last two decades. HealthCare System, since the country’s independence has been subject of many reforms that have brought various changes in terms of organization and governance and most importantly, in the delivery of health services and accessibility for the citizens. There is a dominance of public healthcare services and institutions but private institutions have quietly increased in the last two decades. One relevant and most emerging problems of current healthcare system may refer to a lack of accessibility of healthcare services for all citizens, which automatically leads to the social exclusion problem for some categories (i.e. Roma community; rural population, etc.). From a methodological aspect, the research makes use of different public policy documents by focusing in the following phases of healthcare system development: post socialist (1991-1998), pro-market (1998-2006) and manifesto-driven (2006-nowadays). In addition, it provides empirical evidence in the form of a survey conducted with various interest groups nationwide assessing their ideological preferences regarding the healthcare system: functioning, financing, etc. The findings of this study show that regardless many improvements that the reforms have produced, still the country’s healthcare system remains qualitatively far away compared to European countries. According to the perceptions of interest groups seems that there is a tendency of increased commercialization of health services nationwide, which from a socio-economic aspect, leads to potential social exclusion for some categories in terms of access to qualitative services.
COST ANALYSIS OF SUSPENSION BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION IN KALIMANTAN BARAT PROVINCE
Authors: Yasin Usman , Elvira Elvira , Lusiana Lusiana , Herwani Herwani
Published: April 2024

The successful implementation of a job begins with the determination of a reliable estimation value. One of the models used in determining the estimated value of a job, using data from the cost budget plan (RAB) on work that has been carried out, is the Cost Significant Model.  In this study, the data used were five suspension bridge construction jobs starting from 2018 to 2022. the data obtained from the RAB is processed into independent variables and dependent variables, which are then tested using multiple linear regression methods using the SPSS application. Based on the results of the analysis, the influential variables are X2, namely Bridge Oprit Work; X4, namely Upper Building Work (Transportation and Installation of Truss Bridges); and X5, namely Lower Building Work (Angkur Block Work, Pyilon Foundations, Wind Ties) with a total weight of 85.30%.  By using the equation Y = -21,640,343,680,000 + (1,856,843,372 x X2) + (453,953,095 x X4) + (41,965,201,370 x X5), the maximum value of 62.21% and minimum value of -98.05% are obtained, so it falls into the Class 5 category. Class 5 has an accuracy value ranging from +30% to +100%, so it is estimated that it is feasible to use it to carry out the initial concept screening estimation.
Seroprevalence of HAV and Mandatory Markers of Transfusion- Transmitted Infections in Blood Donors from Chiapas, Mexico: an Exploratory Study
Authors:   Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea, Dirección Técnica y de Investigación. Ciudad de México, México, J Dimas-González , J Jean ,   Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud. Cuernavaca Morelos, México, A Lagunas-Martínez ,   Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas. Cuernavaca Morelos, México, G Díaz-del Monte ,   Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea, Dirección Técnica y de Investigación. Ciudad de México, México, SM Gómez-González ,   Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea, Dirección Técnica y de Investigación. Ciudad de México, México, J Becerril-Arenas ,   Grupo Ruvel, S.A. de C.V. Ciudad de México, México, JA Arroyo-Pérez ,   Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea, Dirección Técnica y de Investigación. Ciudad de México, México, JE Trejo-Gómora ,   Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea, Dirección General. Ciudad de México, México
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Blood transfusion saves millions of lives annually. However, blood transfusion is one of the leading risk factors for Transfusion-Transmitted Infections (TTIs). Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the seroprevalence of both HAV and mandatory markers of TTIs in blood donors from Chiapas, Mexico. Materials and Methods: The study included 3,067 blood donors from the Dr. Domingo Chanona Rodríguez Blood Bank located in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, and from 9 collection centers located in different regions of Chiapas. Screening was performed using Enzyme immunoassay (anti-HAV IgM) or Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (HBV HBsAg, anti-HCV IgG/IgM, HIV Ag/Ab, anti-T. pallidum IgG/IgM, and anti-T. cruzi IgG). Results: The seroprevalence of T. pallidum was the highest at 1.3%, followed by the seroprevalence of HAV and T. cruzi, both with 0.7%. Regions X and XV of the state of Chiapas presented the six markers of the analyzed TTIs. Blood donors at risk of being TTI reactive donated in regions IX and X. However, donors with qualified and unqualified employment and those who have donated more than 2 times are considered protective factors against TTIs. Conclusion: We observed a high seroprevalence of HAV in this exploratory study. It is indispensable to increase the sample size of blood donors from the state of Chiapas because HAV is endemic to Mexico and it is probably transmitted through blood transfusion. Also, it is necessary to augment voluntary non-remunerated blood donations in the state of Chiapas, mainly in the Southern border regions, to decrease the risk of TTIs.
Influence of pH Environment on the Agglutination Ability of Anti-A-Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Inhibition by A-Glycoconjugates of Lipid and Protein Origin with Different Isoelectric Properties
Authors:   Institute of Pathology of the Spine and Joints, Prof. MI Sitenko AMS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Delevsky Yu P
Published: April 2024

The effect caused by medium acidification to pH 6.5 on the agglutinating ability of seven anti-A MAbs (2-8, 2-17, 2-19, 2-22, 2-23, 2-28 from Workshop IV and BRIC-145) and their inhibition by glycoconjugates obtained from the membranes of A erythrocytes by enzymatic treatment and chloroform-methanol method, followed by ion-exchange gel chromatography, was evaluated. Medium acidification most significantly reduced the agglutination of a erythrocytes by IgM MAbs 2-17, 2-19, 2-22 and 2-28 and had a weaker manifestation in more alkaline IgM MAbs 2-8, 2-23 and BRIC-145. The inhibition of the lipid isotypes a lp-00, A lp-0, and Alp-3 (with the isoionic pH points of 8.1, 8.0 and 6.55) and the protein ones A pr-1 and A pr-3 (with the isoionic pH points of 7.15 and 6.45) was assessed in scores. Acidification to pH value 6.5 for MAbs 2-28 and 2-17 caused a considerable reduction in inhibition with acid Alp-3 and Apr-3 with slightly increased inhibition with alkaline A lp-00; MAbs 2-22 and 2-19 insignificantly and selectively altered the inhibitory capacity by more alkaline types of glycoconjugates. MAb 2-8 hardly changed inhibition. All the above illustrates a significant role played by both the charge of glycotopes and antibodies and the specificity - the selective avidity of MAbs to certain isotypes of a glycotopes.
Jewish Genetic Diseases
Authors:   World Research Organization LLC, Miami, Florida, United States, ASH Tobi
Published: April 2024

What makes you, you? Your genes. Every human has a unique genetic code made of genes. Genes are the basic physical and functional unit of heredity and are made of DNA. Each gene ranges from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million. A human being has between 20,000 to 25,000 genes. Each person inherits two copies of each gene, one copy from the mother and the other from the father. Most of our genes are the same; less than one percent of genes differ between people. These differing components are known as alleles. Alleles are forms of the same gene but with small differences in their DNA bases, and alleles are what make each one of us unique. One’s genotype is the internal, inherited genetic code inside all living organisms. A phenotype is the outside, physical manifestation of those genes. Phenotype examples include skin, eye, and hair color. They are related to all that is physical, functional, or behavioral [1,2].
Spectator exciton effects in nanocrystals III: Unveiling the stimulated emission cross section in quantum confined CsPbBr3 nanocrystals
Authors: De Apurba , Bhunia Soumyadip , Cai Yichao , Binyamin Tal , Etgar Lioz , Ruhman Sanford
Published: April 2024

Quantifying stimulated emission in semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) remains challenging due to masking of its effects on pump-probe spectra by excited state absorption and ground state bleaching signals. Absence of this defining photo-physical parameter in turn impedes assignment of band edge electronic structure in many of these important fluorophores. Here we employ a generally applicable 3-pulse ultrafast spectroscopic method coined the “Spectator Exciton” (SX) approach to measure stimulated-emission efficiency in quantum confined inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 NCs, band edge electronic structure of which is the subject of lively ongoing debate. Our results show that in 5-6 nm CsPbBr3 NCs, a single exciton bleaches more than half of the intense band edge absorption band, while the cross section for stimulated emission from the same state is nearly 6 times weaker. Discussion of these findings in light of several recent electronic structure models for this material proves them unable of simultaneously explaining both measures. proving the importance of this new input to resolving this debate. Along with femtosecond time resolved photoluminescence measurements on the same sample, SX results also verifies that biexciton interaction energy is intensely attractive with a magnitude of ~80 meV. In light of this observation, our previous suggestion that bi-exciton interaction is repulsive is reassigned to hot phonon induced slowdown of carrier relaxation leading to direct Auger recombination from an excited state. The mechanism behind the extreme slowing of carrier cooling after several stages of exciton recombination remains to be determined.
Electrochemical Homo- and Cross-Annulation of Alkynes and Nitriles for the Regio- and Chemoselective Synthesis of 3,6-Diarylpyridines
Authors: Ghosh Mangish , Mandal Tirtha , Lepori Mattia , Barham Joshua Philip , Rehbein Julia , Reiser Oliver
Published: April 2024

We disclose a mediated electrochemical [2+2+2] annulation of alkynes with nitriles, forming substituted pyridines in a single step from low-cost, readily available starting materials. The combination of electrochemistry and a triarylamine redox mediator obviates the requirements of transition metals and additional oxidants. Besides the formation of diarylpyridine moieties via the homocoupling of two identical alkynes, the heterocoupling of two different alkynes depending on their electronic nature is possible, highlighting the unprecedented control of chemoselectivity in this catalytic [2+2+2] process. Mechanistic investigations like cyclic voltammetry and crossover experiments combined with DFT calculations indicate the initial oxidation of an alkyne as the key step leading to the formation of a vinyl radical cation intermediate. The utilization of continuous flow technology proved instrumental for an efficient process scale-up. The utility of the products is exemplified by the synthesis of π-extended molecules, being relevant for material or drug synthesis.