bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mpox mRNA-1769 vaccine inhibits orthopoxvirus replication at intranasal, intrarectal, and cutaneous sites of inoculation
Authors: Cotter Catherine A. , Ignacio Maxinne A. , Americo Jeffrey L. , Earl Patricia L. , Mucker Eric M. , Frey Tiffany R. , Carfi Andrea , Hooper Jay W. , Freyn Alec W. , Moss Bernard
Published: December 2024

We previously reported that mice immunized twice with a lipid nanoparticle vaccine comprising four monkeypox viral mRNAs raised neutralizing antibodies and antigen-specific T cells and were protected against a lethal intranasal challenge with vaccinia virus (VACV). Here we demonstrated that the mRNA vaccine also protects mice against intranasal and intraperitoneal infections with monkeypox virus and bioluminescence imaging showed that vaccination greatly reduces or prevents VACV replication and spread from intranasal, rectal, and dermal inoculation sites. A single vaccination provided considerable protection that was enhanced by boosting for at least 4 months. Protection was related to the amount of mRNA inoculated, which correlated with neutralizing antibody levels. Furthermore, immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice lacking mature B and T cells that received serum from mRNA-immunized macaques before or after VACV challenge were protected. These findings provide insights into the mechanism and extent of mRNA vaccine-induced protection of orthopoxviruses and support clinical testing.
Cognate reflex prediction as hypothesis test for a genealogical relation between the Panoan and Takanan language families
Authors: Blum Frederic , Barrientos Carlos , Ingunza Adriano , List Johann-Mattis
Published: December 2024

We present a novel approach for testing genealogical relations between language families. Our method, which has previously only been applied to closely related languages, makes predictions for cognate reflexes based on the regularity of proposed sound correspondences between language families that are hypothesized to be related. We test the hypothesis about a genealogical relation between Panoan and Takanan, two linguistic families of the Amazon. The workflow contributes to new ideas of hypothesis testing in historical linguistics and can likely be transferred to other language families. We predict 206 cognate reflexes from Shipibo-Konibo, a Panoan language, from independently proposed Proto-Takanan reconstructions and test our predictions in elicitation sessions with speakers of the language. We found 21 correct predictions from the core-set, as well as another 20 correct predictions from the extended set of predictions. In addition to confirming the previously established sound correspondence patterns, we find further evidence for additional patterns that suggest the reconstruction of three new phonemes for Proto-Pano-Takanan.

Protocol registration

The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 06/05/24. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FGBM7.
Unraveling the roles of jet streams on the unprecedented hot July in Western Europe in 2022
Authors: Li Xinhui , Zheng Jiayu , Wang Chunzai , Lin Xiayan , Yao Zhixiong
Published: December 2024

Western Europe experienced an unprecedentedly hot July in 2022, which significantly impacted ecosystems and society. Our observational and numerical modeling study reveals that this event was influenced by anomalous North Atlantic and Eurasian jet streams. The northeastward shift of the North Atlantic jet stream, driven by sea surface temperature gradients, and the curving of the Eurasian jet stream, affected by rainfall anomalies in Pakistan, enhanced atmospheric subsidence over western Europe. This research highlights the crucial role of the synergistic behavior of the North Atlantic and Eurasian jet streams in driving extreme heat over Western Europe. Furthermore, CMIP6 climate model projections suggest that under the SSP585 scenario, similar jet stream configurations could lead to even more intense extreme temperatures (~7.02 ± 0.61 °C) compared to the current climatological mean.
Distorted insights from human mobility data
Authors: Gallotti Riccardo , Maniscalco Davide , Barthelemy Marc , De Domenico Manlio
Published: December 2024

The description of human mobility is at the core of many fundamental applications ranging from urbanism and transportation to epidemics containment. Data about human movements, once scarce, is now widely available thanks to new sources such as phone call detail records, GPS devices, or Smartphone apps. Nevertheless, it is still common to rely on a single dataset by implicitly assuming that the statistical properties observed are robust regardless of data gathering and processing techniques. Here, we test this assumption on a broad scale by comparing human mobility datasets obtained from 7 different data-sources, tracing 500+ millions individuals in 145 countries. We report wide quantifiable differences in the resulting mobility networks and in the displacement distribution. These variations impact processes taking place on these networks like epidemic spreading. Our results point to the need for disclosing the data processing and, overall, to follow good practices to ensure robust and reproducible results.
Bubble distribution in shaped sapphire grown from molybdenum crucibles using the micro-pulling down technique
Authors: Wollesen Laura , Nehari Abdeldjelil , Labor Serge , Alombert-Goget Guillaume , Guignier Denis , Lebbou Kheirreddine
Published: December 2024

Mo crucibles can be used for micro-pulling down to grow undoped sapphire fibers and rods. The bubble distribution was investigated.
Design of solvent systems for preparation of ε-CL-20 crystals with high sphericity assisted by molecular simulation
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Liu Guozhao , Su Guanwen , Wei Hongyuan , Dang Leping
Published: December 2024

The binary/ternary solvent systems along with temperatures were designed to prepare high sphericity ε-CL-20 crystals through molecular dynamics simulations and solvent–antisolvent recrystallization experiments.
Quantum chemical and kinetic study of the reaction between CCl2 and NO2 radicals
Authors: Gómez Nicolás D. , Badenes María P. , Tucceri María E. , Cobos Carlos J.
Published: December 2024

Mechanism of the reaction between CCl2 and NO2: analysis of the competing CCl2NO2 and CCl2O formation channels.
Thermodynamics and models for small nanoparticles upon protein adsorption
Authors: Yin Miao-Miao , Yuan Yi-Bo , Ding Xin , Hu Yan-Jun , Jiang Feng-Lei
Published: December 2024

Proteins are some of the most important components in living organisms.
Templated self-organization of polymer-tethered gold nanoparticles into freestanding superlattices at the liquid–air interface
Authors: Gao Ye , Wan Lingli , Song Yuqing , Gao Shan , Yan Nan , Wu Fan , Du Yanqiu
Published: December 2024

Organic/inorganic superlattices with tunable configurations are prepared from polymer-tethered gold nanoparticles templated at the liquid–air interface, offering a versatile route for engineering superlattices with specific internal architectures.
Diverse domains of raspberry pectin: critical determinants for protecting against IBDs
Authors: Wu Dongmei , Ye Xingqian , Hu Weiwei , Yu Chengxiao , Zhu Kai , Pan Haibo , Chen Jianle , Cheng Huan , Chen Shiguo
Published: December 2024

Domain-diverse dietary pectins P37 and P55 showed superior protective effects against colitis through inhibiting the proliferation of mucin-consuming bacteria and pro-inflammatory microorganisms.
Efficient separation of oil–phenol mixtures and removal of neutral oil entrainment via an in situ deep eutectic method
Authors: Zhang Wanxiang , Zhao Yangchangqing , Wang Bingru , Lei Zhigang , Ren Shuhang , Hou Yucui , Wu Weize
Published: December 2024

Separation of oil–phenol mixture using the in situ DES method, entrainment mechanism of neutral oil and extractant screening scheme.
Thermoelectric performance of Bi-based novel Janus monolayer structures
Authors: Sujata KM , Verma Nidhi , Solanki Rekha Garg , Kumar Ashok
Published: December 2024

This work systematically investigates the stability and electronic and thermoelectric characteristics of newly discovered 2D Janus monolayers BiYZ (Y ≠ Z = Te, Se and S) according to the first-principles theory.
Smart early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: a ZIF-based nanofluorescence lateral flow immunoassay for point-of-care detection of cTnI
Authors: Mirzaeizadeh Zahra , Amin Sadrabadi Emadoddin , Naseri Neda , Golmohammadi Hamed , Omidfar Kobra
Published: December 2024

Smart eDiagnostics of acute myocardial infarction at the point of care (POC) using the fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) integrated with a fabricated internet-of-things (IoT)-optoelectronic reader.
In situ grown indium-based MOF reticular materials on a copper mesh for highly efficient photocatalytic reduction of Cr(vi) in wastewater
Authors: Li Sijia , Liang Hailong , Huang Xu , Huang Jian , Zhang Hua , Zhang Yong , Wang Jinhua , Xi Shanshan , Liu Jun , Luo Tao
Published: December 2024

MIL-68 (In)-NH2 is grown in situ on copper mesh to form a heterostructure, resulting in better performance on photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium and overcoming the defects of powder photocatalysts.
Size effects of Möbius carbon nanobelts (MCNBs) from the (7-7)MCNB to the (21-21)MCNB on their aromatic properties and third order nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Wang Li , Liu Yan-Li , Wang Mei-Shan
Published: December 2024

Möbius carbon nanobelts (MCNBs) were potential third-order nonlinear optical materials with aromatic properties, which can be further improved by increasing the number of benzene rings.
Alkyl bistriflimidate-mediated electrochemical deaminative functionalization
Authors: Shu Hui , Tao Xiangzhang , Ni Shengyang , Liu Jiyang , Xu Jia , Pan Yi , Wang Yi
Published: December 2024

The readily available alkyl triflimidate reagent NTf2 has been used for deaminative C–B, C–S, C–Se, and C–Te bond formations. This protocol could be applied to a variety of transformations, demonstrating its potential for primary amine functionlization.
Advances in gas sensors using screen printing
Authors: Belal Mohamed Ahmed , Hajra Sugato , Panda Swati , Kaja Kushal Ruthvik , Abdo Mohamed Magdy Mohamed , Abd El-Moneim Ahmed , Janas Dawid , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Kim Hoe Joon
Published: December 2024

This review highlights that screen-printed gas sensors are cost-effective and scalable, ideal for environmental, industrial, and healthcare applications.
A cobalt single-atom catalyst with ultralow metal loading for activation of peroxymonosulfate to generate singlet oxygen with almost 100% selectivity
Authors: Zhao Yuanzhe , Wang Xiuheng
Published: December 2024

Compared with the metal-free catalyst (N–C), the Co single-atom catalyst (Co–N–C) with 0.34 wt% of metal loading exhibits significantly enhanced PMS activation to generate 1O2 with almost 100% selectivity.
Modulation of the microstructure and electrical properties of LaAlO3 ceramics induced by doping with rare earth elements (Eu, Gd, Ho, and Tm)
Authors: Ding Kai , Deng Wenye , Li Jinyang , Ai Ni , Xue Yan , Chen Xianghui , Zhao Pengjun , Meng Weiwei , Chang Aimin , Xie Yongxin
Published: December 2024

This study synthesized La0.9X0.1AlO3 (X = Eu, Gd, Ho, Tm) and LaAlO3 ceramics by a solid-state method.
Long-term implantable flexible neural interfaces for electrophysiological monitoring
Authors: Chen Botian , Lu Jiacheng , Chen Zilan , Han Xu , Sun Yifei , Lin Xinjing , Tang Zhenxuan , Jia Shuping , Xie Guohua , Huo Fengwei , Xie Ruijie
Published: December 2024

This review presents the performance requirements, preparation strategies, and implantation methods of interfaces at different implantation sites, and emphasizes the mitigation methods of FBRs in implantable devices to adapt for long-term use.
Distributed state estimation of interconnected power systems with time‐varying disturbances and random communication link failures
Authors: Wang Wenle , Liu Xinrui , Wu Zequn , Li Yushuai , Guo Zhiwei , Sun Qiuye
Published: December 2024

State estimation of multi‐area interconnected power systems is crucial for reflecting system operations and guiding actuator responses. However, sensor faults, communication link failures, and external random disturbances can inevitably lead to power system failures. Therefore, designing a highly effective state estimation method capable of timely and accurate detection of sensor faults in the power grid to mitigate losses is of significant practical importance. This paper addresses the fault estimation problem in multi‐area power systems with parameter uncertainties and proposes a fault‐tolerant state estimator that accounts for communication link failures between network layers in each area. These communication link failures are modelled as Bernoulli‐distributed variables. State estimation is achieved using information from adjacent power system areas. Sufficient conditions for the error system's performance are provided using Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality methods. Finally, simulations on a three‐area interconnected power system validate the proposed method's effectiveness in mitigating the effects of communication link failures and random disturbances. The method accurately and rapidly estimates sensor faults and the system state, ensuring stable operation and enhancing grid reliability.
Transfer morphological features for segmentation with few labels on fluorescent mitochondria images
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Fan Junchao , Bi Xiuli , Li Weisheng , Xiao Bin , Huang Xiaoshuai
Published: December 2024

Automated segmentation of mitochondria is crucial for statistical analysis in biological research. Existing segmentation techniques often face challenges with fluorescence images. Handcrafted methods have poor segmentation results while deep learning‐based methods lack the labeled mitochondrial data. However, although the number of labeled mitochondrial images is limited, the unlabeled fluorescent data is easy to obtain. The authors aim to leverage a large amount of unlabeled data to learn mitochondrial morphological features. The approach begins with self‐supervised learning from a vast set of unlabeled images through masked image modeling. This technique involves presenting images with randomly masked patches, prompting the model to predict the content of these masked areas. By doing so, the model learns the distinctive features of mitochondria. In the subsequent phase, the trained encoder is transferred to the segmentation task, replacing the original reconstruction decoder with the Segformer segmentation decoder. The model is then fine‐tuned using a small labeled dataset. By reconstructing mitochondria in the masked regions, the model learns features more effectively on unlabeled samples, and improves segmentation performance even with limited labeled data. Empirical results validate the effectiveness of the approach, showing an 11.8% improvement in Intersection over Union metrics compared to existing fluorescence mitochondrial segmentation techniques.
An adaptive lucky imaging method for turbulence‐degraded image restoration
Authors: Lv Pin , Shi Tiezhu , Den Dongping , Wang Mengdi , Liu Qian , Wu Guofeng
Published: December 2024

When capturing distant targets, the video sequence images are affected by atmospheric turbulence, resulting in distortion and blur. In order to restore the degraded images due to atmospheric turbulence in video sequences, this article combines lucky imaging with generative adversarial networks for the first time. The idea of lucky imaging is employed to eliminate geometric distortions, followed by the use of generative adversarial networks to address the blur issue. Additionally, an adaptive restoration method targeting turbulence intensity is proposed to improve the computational efficiency of the proposed approach. Experimental results demonstrate that the combined restoration method of lucky imaging and generative adversarial networks outperforms classical lucky imaging. Specifically, compared to classical lucky imaging, the Brenner gradient function, Laplacian gradient function, Spatial Median Difference (SMD), Entropy, Energy gradient function, PIQE, and Brisque indicators improve by 7.7%, 13.1%, 3.6%, 4.1%, 2.1%, 26.6% and 21.54% (all evaluation indicators in the above improvement rates have undergone logarithmic transformation), respectively. Meanwhile, the proposed adaptive restoration method can improve efficiency by 28%, with greater efficiency gains observed with larger datasets.
A dual‐input dual‐output high step‐up DC‐DC converter with high efficiency
Authors: Karimi Kamran , Maalandish Mohammad , Azmoon‐Asmarood Saeed , Hosseini Seyed Hossein
Published: December 2024

Here, a new ultra step‐up DC‐DC converter with a high voltage conversion ratio is proposed. The proposed topology is a dual input dual output structure with different output voltages, which makes it suitable for use in hybrid energy systems as well as supplying the traction motor in electric vehicles. The proposed converter can provide high voltage gain with a low duty cycle compared to other multi‐port converters. The lack of a transformer and coupled inductor not only makes the final volume of the suggested converter and manufacturing costs lower, but it also does not have the problems caused by the leakage inductance of the transformer. In addition, the average voltage stress on power semiconductors of the suggested topology is low. The proposed converter follows a simple switching pattern where all power switches are switched simultaneously with a gate pulse. Operation principles, voltage and current stress passing through the semiconductor elements, RMS current values of elements, and design considerations of the proposed converter are discussed in detail. Finally, experimental results of a 250 W laboratory prototype with 96.1% efficiency are used to validate the theoretical analysis.
Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) abundances of europium (Eu) for a sample of metal-poor stars in the galactic halo and metal-poor disk with 1D and 〈3D〉 models
Authors: Guo Yanjun , Storm Nicholas , Bergemann Maria , Lian Jianhui , Alexeeva Sofya , Li Yangyang , Ezzeddine Rana , Jeffrey Gerber , Chen XueFei
Published: December 2024

Context. As a key to chemical evolutionary studies, the distribution of elements in galactic provides a wealth of information to understand the individual star formation histories of galaxies. The r-process is a complex nucleosynthesis process, and the origin of r-process elements is heavily debated. Europium (Eu) is viewed as an almost pure r-process element. Accurate measurements of europium abundances in cool stars are essential for an enhanced understanding of the r-process mechanisms.

Aims. We measure the abundance of Eu in solar spectra and a sample of metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo and metal-poor disk, with the metallicities ranging from −2.4 to −0.5 dex, using non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) line formation. We compare these measurements with Galactic Chemical Evolution (GCE) models to explore the impact of the NLTE corrections on the contribution of r-process site in Galactic chemical evolution.

Methods. In this work, we used NLTE line formation, as well as one-dimensional (1D) hydrostatic and spatial averages of three-dimensional hydrodynamical (<3D>) model atmospheres to measure the abundance of Eu based on both the Eu II 4129 Å and Eu II 6645 Å lines for solar spectra and metal-poor stars.

Results. We find that for Eu II 4129 Å line the NLTE modeling leads to higher (0.04 dex) solar Eu abundance in 1D and higher (0.07 dex) in <3D> NLTE while NLTE modeling leads to higher (0.01 dex) solar Eu abundance in 1D and lower (0.03 dex) in <3D> NLTE for Eu II 6645 Å line. Although the NLTE corrections for the Eu II λ 4129 Å and Eu II λ 6645 Å lines are opposite, the discrepancy between the abundances derived from these individual lines reduces after applying NLTE corrections, highlighting the critical role of NLTE abundance determinations. By comparing these measurements with Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) models, we find that the amount of NLTE correction does not require significant change of the parameters for Eu production in GCE models.
The third known triple white dwarf: The close double white dwarf SDSS J125733.63+542850.5 hosts a white dwarf tertiary
Authors: Aros-Bunster Camila , Schreiber Matthias R. , Toloza Odette , Hernandez Mercedes S. , Belloni Diogo , El-Badry Kareem , Vanderbosch Zach , Lagos-Vilches Felipe , Gänsicke Boris T. , Koester Detlev
Published: December 2024

The white dwarf (WD) binary SDSS J1257+5428 comprises an extremely low-mass WD with a mass of 0.1–0.24 M⊙ and a more massive companion of ∼1 M⊙ that is more than 0.6 Gyr younger. The origin of this system has been termed paradoxical because current theories for the formation of WD binaries are unable to explain its existence. Any additional observational constraint on the formation of SDSS J1257+5428 might provide important insights into double WD formation in general. We present the discovery of a tertiary WD, which makes SDSS J1257+5428 the third known triple WD. We used KECK/LRIS spectroscopy, Gaia and SDSS photometry, and WD atmosphere models to characterize the distant tertiary (projected separation ∼8000 au). We find the tertiary WD to be cool (6200 − 6400 K) and massive (log(g) = 8.88 − 8.97), which translates to a cooling age of ≳4 Gyr. This cooling age represents a lower limit on the total age of the triple system. While at first glance it seems likely that the inner binary formed through a stable mass transfer phase followed by common envelope evolution, reproducing the stellar mass and period required for the progenitor of the ∼1 M⊙ WD in the inner binary through stable mass transfer seems impossible. We therefore speculate that the system might be the descendant of a cataclysmic variable with an evolved donor.
Morphology, anatomy, ploidy level and genetic similarity investigation of the Prunus persica (L.) Batsch ‘Dostoyniy’ex situ and in vitro
Authors: Bulavin Iliya , Sidyakin Andrei , Miroshnichenko Natalia , Saplev Nikita , Smykov Anatoliy
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the structure and genetic stability of the Prunus persica ‘Dostoyniy’ microshoots, culturing in vitro on the Gamborg and Eveleg (B5) nutrient medium compared with the shoots of the mother plants ex situ. Conventional methods were applied to study plant morphology, anatomy, ploidy level and genetic similarity. Statistical analysis was performed using the Past software. According to the results, common leaf morphology and its structure in vitro were preserved, but several quantitative and qualitative changes were revealed, except for rearrangements. The analysis of the ploidy level of the nuclei isolated from the leaf tissue cells of the microshoots in vitro revealed no changes. Similar results were obtained with ISSR-PCR and genetically material in vitro was stable. Short-term cultivation of Prunus persica ‘Dostoyniy microshoots on a B5 nutrient medium with optimal concentrations of 6- BAP promoted morphogenesis without significant deviations, and the absence of the ploidy level changes and genetic variations under in vitro conditions.
Composition of fatty acids and volatile substances in the leaves of Olea europaea L.
Authors: Pashtetskaia A.V. , Belous O.G. , Bekhterev V.N. , Shevchuk O.M.
Published: December 2024

The fatty-acid composition and some volatile components of essential oil extracted from the leaves of European olive (Olea europaea), growing in the conditions of a dry subtropical climate of the Mediterranean type of the Southern Coast of the Crimea, were determined. 11 fatty acids were found, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated ones, the composition and ratio of which are similar to the lipid profile of oil from freshly harvested olive fruits. Among the fatty acids, the leading position is occupied by cis-9-oleic (35.07%), palmitic (32.88%) and stearic (10.21%) ones, a significant content of polyunsaturated (cis-9.12-linoleic (9.2%) and cis-12.15-linolenic (6.7%) acids, which determine the nutritional value of the leaves, was also revealed. Among the volatile components of the essential oil of the leaves, 4 aldehydes (pentanal, isobutanal, isopentanal, hexanal) and n-octane, which belongs to the class of alkanes, were determined. The major components of the essential oil are pentanal (valeric aldehyde) and isobutanal (isobutyraldehyde), the mass fraction of which is 60.5% and 22.1%, respectively, which determines the pharmacological value of the leaves.
Fatty-acid composition of Оlea еuropaea (L.) and Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton. oils in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea
Authors: Shevchuk O.M. , Pashtetskaia A.V. , Kravchenko E.N. , Pekhova O.A. , Timasheva L.A.
Published: December 2024

The fatty acid composition of the oil from the fruits of various olive cultivars (Olea europaea) and seeds of the spicy-aromatic culture Perilla frutescens, growing in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea, has been specified. cv.ʹNikitskayaʹ is characterized by a high content of monounsaturated (49.5–66.2% oleic acid) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (3.3–10.7% linoleic and 0.2–0.4% linolenic), as well as a low content of saturated acids (10.43% in green and 8.04% in ripe fruits). Perilla seed oil is a rich source of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids: 52.77% linolenic and 10.88% linoleic with an oil content of 34.54% seeds. Perilla oil has the lowest ratio of saturated fatty acids to total (7.42%), while olive oil exhibits the highest ratio of monounsaturated acids (75.68%). Thus, different oilseed crops have unique nutritional features, which means that it is necessary to choose depending on the specific purposes of use.
The dependence of vitamins in the content of ready-made raisins on drying methods
Authors: Sharipov Sulton , Hoshimov Sirojiddin
Published: December 2024

Now, in the process of globalization of the world economy, one of the most important priorities of the economic policy of each country is to further increase the country's export potential and ensure its competitiveness in the world market. In this article, the preparation of dried products from grapes is one of the rapidly developing areas of agriculture in Uzbekistan, and consistent economic reforms in agriculture can fully satisfy the population's demand for quality dried food products and at the same time prevent food insecurity, which is one of the biggest problems of today. As the amount of grape cultivation from agricultural products increases, it is necessary to rationally implement the process of their storage and processing, for this purpose, the creation of new modern grape drying equipment, the application of science and technology and advanced technologies in this regard, and the consistent study of foreign experimental achievements into the production process. It would be appropriate to introduce it widely. The article contains scientifically based information on the preservation of vitamins and other biologically active substances contained in the product in the drying methods we offer.
Beneficial effects of walnuts on brain activity
Authors: Berdieva Muxabbat , Muxammadieva Feruza , Jumaeva Malika , O‘tasheva Lola
Published: December 2024

The article presents a theoretical analysis of the health benefits of walnuts, which are widely grown in Uzbekistan. A systematic review of modern specialized literature and current scientific data was carried out. The chemical composition and nutritional value of the nut is indicated, its use in various types of medicine and the effectiveness of its use in various diseases are considered. The potential adverse effects of walnuts on the human body under certain medical conditions and diseases are analyzed separately.
Software solution for growing crops on an individual land plot
Authors: Kulibaba Irina , Barinov Vladimir
Published: December 2024

The paper defines the importance of agriculture for the population of the countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Alliance. The article briefly characterizes the state of the agricultural sector in Russia, the Republics of Tajikistan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. The level and problems characteristic of crop production on individual land plots to meet their own needs and the sale of products for food and processing industry are established. The aim of the work is to create a software product that provides a high level of crop yields for individual subsidiary plots. The use of system analysis methods made it possible to develop the concept of a digital software product with artificial intelligence functions, which provides the processes of crop rotation, cultivation, care and harvesting of plants in accordance with the set goals. The paper presents a description of the architecture of the corresponding software product and the main screens of the mobile application, realizing the developed functional possibilities. The use of such a software product has important economic, social, cultural and environmental significance for the countries of the alliance, but also provide their food safety.
Infrared video-based object recognition for agricultural research field uses
Authors: Guzaerov Damir A. , Sergunin Igor D. , Kugurakova Vlada V.
Published: December 2024

The paper presents a study of an object recognition system based on infrared (IR) video stream using the YOLOv8 model. The aim of the work was to develop and evaluate the performance of a computer vision algorithm for analysing infrared images under various conditions including low light. While the use of RGB images can provide rich information in normal conditions, it becomes inefficient to use a visible spectrum camera in total darkness or in the presence of clutter. The study was based on an extensive dataset containing about 176,000 annotated frames from an infrared camera. The YOLOv8 model was adapted and trained to recognise 15 classes of objects, including people, animals and different types of vehicles. The results showed high performance of the model in recognising the most represented classes in the dataset, such as cars, people with F1-score up to 0.8. However, the problem of unbalanced classes was identified, leading to lower recognition accuracy for rarely seen objects. The study demonstrates the potential of using infrared cameras in computer vision tasks and opens new directions for further developments in the field of object recognition in limited visibility conditions. The results of the work may find application in a wide range of disciplines, including medicine, agriculture and environmental monitoring.
Analysis of world trends in soybean production
Authors: Volkova Elena , Smolyaninova Natalia
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the main trends in soybean production in the world. The paper analyzes the dynamics and structure of sown areas, gross harvest volumes and soybean yields in the world for the period 2014- 2023 in the context of leading producing countries. The increase in sown areas and increased yields ensures the growth of global soybean production. In 2023, the global gross soybean harvest amounted to 398.2 million tons, of which 1.71% was produced in Russia. According to the current structure of the soybean sown area in the world, almost 80% is concentrated in three main leading countries - Brazil, the USA and Argentina. Based on statistical data from the U.S. Foreign Agricultural Service, The Department of Agriculture (USDA) conducted a ranking of the yield level, thereby identifying the main leading countries with the highest yield level - Turkey (41.2 c/ha), the United States and Brazil (34.0 c/ha), and Canada and Argentina - (30.9 c/ha) and (30.3 c/ha), respectively. The dynamics and structure of domestic soybean consumption confirms the importance and uniqueness of soybean as one of the main agricultural crops in the world. As a result of the study, the main global trends in soybean production were identified.
Optimization of the process CO2 - extraction of plant raw material
Authors: Khalilov Ilkhom , Mirzaeva Shoxista , Abdullayeva Firuza , Xodjiyeva Niyozgul
Published: December 2024

The goal of optimization is to determine the best, i.e. the most advantageous state of the system. One of the optimization methods is the scanning method, the essence of which is to sequentially view the optimality criterion at a number of points belonging to the region of change of independent variables, and find among these points one in which the optimality criterion has the maximum (minimum) value. The main advantage of the scanning method is that the use of sufficiently “densely” located points of interest always guarantees the search for a global optimum. At the first stage, scanning is carried out with a large step, then the segment within which the largest value of the function is obtained is divided into smaller segments, a new segment is found, inside which the refined value of the maximum is located. The obtained data on the optimal operating parameters of the process of CO2-extraction of licorice root are necessary for the engineering calculation of equipment for the implementation of this process, the optimal operating parameters of the liquorice root CO2 extraction process were determined. In this case, the calculated and experimental values are equal to the extract yield of 35,7678 and 31,60, respectively, which confirms the adequacy of the generalized equation.
Monitoring of the content of heavy metals in the main types of soils and plant feeds of the republic of Mari El
Authors: Smolentsev Sergey , Dubnikova Ekaterina , Nikolaeva Tatyana , Kislitsyna Nadezhda , Bukatina Maria , Ershova Maria , Polikarpov Vasiliy , Elmakova Darya , Chernyshova Larisa , Savchenko Olesya
Published: December 2024

Currently, the main directions of scientific research in the field of agriculture are related to the issue of environmental protection and the rational use of natural resources. This issue is especially acute in relation to the soil. Its contamination occurs with substances of chemical and biological origin above the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). The main source of soil pollution in arable land is waste from livestock complexes, agricultural chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides), exhaust gases from vehicles, sewage from settlements. The article presents the results of a study of the dependence of the content of heavy metals in livestock products on their concentration in plant feeds. The results of monitoring the content of heavy metals in the main feeds showed that the concentration of metals in the studied plants does not exceed the MPC, with the exception of Cu and Zn in grasses of natural pastures. The content of heavy metals in animal products (milk, sour cream, cottage cheese and meat) it depends on their content in plant feeds, but does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration, with rare exceptions.
Agrochemical properties of gray-pasture soils under irrigation of mirzachol oasis
Authors: Abdurakhmanov Nodirjon , Sobitov O‘lmasboy , Mansurov Sherali , Qalandarov Nozimxon , Kurdashev Kudrat , Pulatov Mukhiddin , Yuldashev Iskandar , Mamajonova Kamola , Abdullayev Javokhir
Published: December 2024

This article presents the results of research conducted in the irrigated lands of the Mirzachol oasis, including information on the amounts of total and mobile shales of humus and nutrients in different degrees of plastered grassland soils. Changes in the amount of nutrients depending on the mechanical composition of the soil, i.e., when the nutrients in the soils with heavy mechanical composition are compared with the soils with light mechanical composition, it is shown that the amount of nutrients is higher in the relatively mechanical composition of heavy soils. The relatively low supply of humus and nutrients in the composition of gray-meadow soils is explained by the poor agro-physical and water-physical properties of plastered soils. Based on FAO data, the total area of gypsum soils in the world is presented and they are divided into groups according to the degree of gypsum. Opinions of various scientists and experts on the formation of gypsum in the lands of Mirzachol oasis, chemical properties of soils and soil reclamation conditions are presented. General and mobile forms of humus and nutrient elements in unplastered, weakly and moderately plastered soils were analyzed in detail. Recommendations aimed at improving the agrochemical condition of the studied soils, restoring and increasing their productivity are given.
Assessment and rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated soils in residential and agricultural areas
Authors: Vasilenkov Sergey
Published: December 2024

Our goal is to reduce internal and external radiation exposure to the value established by the standards of safety of life and health of the population of 1 mSv/year (millisievert/) and increase life expectancy. The article touches upon the problems related to the radioecological situation in the territory of settlements of the Bryansk region, plots of private farms (private farms) and country houses that were contaminated with cesium-137 radionuclide after the Chernobyl accident. The experience of rehabilitation works of previous years from 1986-2012 is considered. Their insufficient effectiveness has been revealed. Forecasts and prospects of water management rehabilitation measures at the present stage are also given. The urgent need to combat foci of radioactive contamination with a small area of 0.4 hectares (cesium spots), which are common on the territory of private farms and in the residential area of settlements in the Bryansk region, is emphasized. Annenkov B.N. and Yudintseva E.V. recommend washing the soil using solutions of various salts and acids (hydrochloric acid, iron salts, sodium, calcium and others), but this method of soil purification is well suited for use in small areas of suburban areas, private farms and lawns of settlements. At the Bryansk State University, at the Department of Environmental Management and Water Use, experiments were conducted to investigate the identification of the most intensive and effective methods of washing soils from cesium pollution. Periodic watering with the use of chemmeliorants and intensifiers has shown good results. Drip irrigation is slightly worse. But of particular interest is the flooding of closed depressions, at the bottom of which there are spots of cesium contamination. With proper organization of surface runoff, deep loosening, application of chemical fertilizers, taking into account the temperature regime of frost, very good results can be achieved here.
Study of energy consumption of the process of surface tillage by the combined stubble unit KSA-3,8M “Svarog” with improved rolling working bodies
Authors: Sobolevsky I.V. , Kuklin V.A. , Ismailov Ya.N. , Evdokimov V.N. , Golikov I.V. , Bolily A.O. , Ismailov Z.Z. , Spichka M.A.
Published: December 2024

The article provides an analysis of the main directions for improving the soil-cultivating working bodies of rollers in combined units. The traction resistance of the sections of loosening paws, sections of treadle harrows, modernized rollers, as well as the total traction resistance of the combined unit is theoretically substantiated. To confirm the theoretical prerequisites for substantiating the energy indicators of the unit, its field tests were carried out on an area of 120 hectares on southern micellar-carbonate chernozem. As a result, the tested rolling sections in the unit have the greatest difference in traction resistance (12,1%) at a speed of 8 km/h and a soil cultivation depth of 0.05 m. On average, the traction resistance of the modernized experimental combined unit KSA-3,8M “Svarog” is 16,17% less than that of the serial KPE-3,8V. This variation in the differences in traction resistance is explained by the fact that with an increase in the depth of soil cultivation by the main working bodies - flat-cutting paws, a large mass of soil fractions is carried to the soil surface. The sizes of the fractions increase with increasing depth of cultivation and lead to an increase in the height and mass of the ridges. As a result, after distribution by the leveling working bodies, the partially leveled mass and destroyed clods fall under the bars and segment knives of the roller. During the operation of the roller, the absolute speed vector of the knife is perpendicular to the cutting edge, which leads to a chopping effect on the destroyed soil lump without additional energy costs for its movement. As a result, a fine-grained soil layer is formed for sowing.
Changes in radon concentration in soils of the city of Tobolsk
Authors: Popova Elena
Published: December 2024

As part of this study, measurements of radon flux density were carried out, the average values of volumetric activity of radon from the soil surface in the foothill and upland parts of the city of Tobolsk (Tyumen region, Russia) were determined. Areas were selected that were evenly distributed within the city limits, and coordinates (latitude, longitude) were determined. As a result of the work, it was established that in 56% of the studied areas of the city of Tobolsk, the radon-222 flux density does not pose a danger to the population, the studied areas correspond to the first class, 44% – the second class of radon hazard. According to the soil classification in the study areas, 37.5% is sand, 31.25% is sandy clay, 18.75% is loam sand, and 12.5% is loam. It was found that high concentrations of radon-222 also depend on the granulometric composition of the soils studied.
The analysis of groundwater table variations in Termez district of Surkhandarya region, Uzbekistan: A spatio-temporal approach
Authors: Arifjanov Aybek , Samiyev Luqmon , Eshboyev Navruz , Xodjimuxamedova Shaxida , Akramov Jamoliddin , Makhmudov Bekzod
Published: December 2024

The trend analysis of the study was acquired by selecting multiyear seasonal groundwater table data and monitors the wells in each sub-area under the study area. To calculate and assess the spatial differences in the inanition of groundwater table, geostatistical methods was applied based on data from 14 groundwater wells during the period from January 2000 to December 2021 which were obtained from a secondary source, “Uzbekhydrogeology” State Institution. The geographic information system was used to assess the spatial change in order to find the level of groundwater. In this study, Inverse Distance Weightage was applied for estimating the attribute values of locations that are within the database using known data values. Then the interpolated data values were extracted for Statistical Analysis using Man-Kendall’s Test. Finally, based on the results of the Mann-Kendall test (Z) and Sen's Slope (Q), seasonal changes of the groundwater level were determined, and electronic maps of the area were created using the IDW interpolation method.
Wireless hybrid sensor network for agriculture monitoring
Authors: Blokhin Yu. I. , Blokhina S. Yu.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a hybrid wireless sensor network (WSN) for agricultural monitoring. The system was set up to facilitate monitoring of crop state, weather conditions and soil characteristics in real time in accordance with the application’s needs of three communication technologies: IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee, WIFI and LTE 4G as a part of Internet of Things (IoT). Two types of sensor nodes were developed: a mobile sensor node with an optical camera and a sensor node with a soil moisture and temperature sensors. A base station operating as network coordinator was designed to control meteorological characteristics. The software of the sensor nodes has been written on the MicroPython language, the Pi Pico controller provides control and polling of peripheral devices in accordance with a given algorithm. At the base station, the data incoming from the sensor nodes have been processed with the calculation of soil parameters based on pre-set calibrations. After being processing, the data has been transmitted to the server. A Raspberry Pi 3B microcomputer and Java software are used to process data and manage the base station weather sensors. The interaction with the weather sensors has been completed in the frame of Pi4J project using the WiringPi libraries. On the server, the data has been distributed among the corresponding tables in the Agro database, each record has been assigned a unique identifier, date and time. PostgreSQL was chosen as the database management system. The choice of MicroPython determined by its simplicity and the availability of many ready-made web frameworks and libraries that facilitate the system development. For future applications, the system could be further modified and developed for precision agriculture.
Ecologically-oriented model for determining factor dependence in assessing the optimality of financing preventive measures in forest areas
Authors: Shanin Igor , Shtondin Anatoly
Published: December 2024

In modern scientific research, more and more attention is paid to the mechanisms for maintaining the environmental situation in cities of various types. Forestry in many countries of the world is affected by various factors, among them, forest fires can be noted, which have a negative impact on the environmental situation both in large urban agglomerations and in vast territories occupied mainly by forest areas. The scientific work reflects the problem associated with the optimality and effectiveness of measures taken to prevent and extinguish forest fires. It is proposed to form 7 key macro regions based on the approach to ecological and economic zoning, which are territorially zoned according to homogeneous characteristics, where forestry production and forestry are separated. A distinctive feature can be noted in the proposed author's model of business processes in the system of forestry and forestry enterprises, in the context of zoning of territories. This model is based on the process approach and typology of forest areas in the context of ecological and economic zoning. Where the final eco-oriented processes at the output are a reduction in the number of forest fires, accelerated forest restoration using innovative methods and a transition to waste-free production. Based on the results of the study, a matrix of the general impact of intersections of ongoing processes on the financing of environmental measures in the forest industry and forestry is proposed. In this matrix, all eco-oriented processes are divided into group “A” and group “B”, and have a corresponding level of optimality (from 2 to 3).
Geoecological analysis of recreational load on the beaches of the Kalamitsky Gulf of Crimea
Authors: Kolodiajnyj Maxim , Ryduk Aleksandr , Dunaieva Ielizaveta
Published: December 2024

The beaches of the Kalamitsky Gulf are experiencing high anthropogenic load, over past decades the area of many beaches has significantly decreased, their recreational value has fallen. The purpose of this work is to conduct a geoecological analysis of recreational load on the beaches of the Kalamitsky Gulf of Crimea. To achieve this goal, the recreational load on the beaches of the Kalamitsky Gulf of Crimea was calculated using remote observation methods with the use of geographic information systems and video surveillance cameras in real time. It was found that at the moment the recreational load is within the norm, which is due to the closed air traffic and less intense tourist flow for 2022-2024.