bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Depression Recognition Model and Its Temporal Characteristics Based on Multiscale Entropy of EEG Signals
Authors: Xu Xin , Xu Jiangnan , Du Ruoyu , Xu Tingting
Published: January 2025

The diagnosis of depression is a critical topic in the medical field. For years, the electroencephalogram (EEG) has been considered an objective and cost-effective detection tool. However, most studies on depression recognition models tend to extract information solely from the original temporal scale of EEG signals, ignoring the usage of coarse scales. This study aims to explore the feasibility of multiscale analysis for a depression recognition model and to research its temporal characteristics. Based on two types of multiscale entropy, this paper constructs a machine learning model using classifiers including LDA, LR, RBF-SVM, and KNN. The relation between the temporal scale and model performance was examined through mathematical analysis. The experimental results showed that the highest classification accuracy achieved was 96.42% with KNN at scale 3. Among various classifiers, scales 3 and 9 outperformed other scales. The model performance is correlated with the scale variation. Within a finite range, an optimal scale likely exists. The algorithm complexity is linearly related to the temporal scale. By accepting predictable computational costs, a stable improvement in model performance can be achieved. This multiscale analysis is practical in building and optimizing a depression recognition model. Further investigation of the relation between the temporal scale and model capabilities could advance the application of computer-assisted diagnosis.
Links Between Executive Functions and Decoding Skills in a Semitransparent Orthography: A Longitudinal Study from Kindergarten to First Grade
Authors: Filipe Marisa G. , Carneiro Tânia , Frota Sónia
Published: January 2025

Despite progress in understanding the link between executive functions (EFs) (i.e., a set of skills involved in goal-directed activities crucial for regulating thoughts and actions) and word decoding skills, research has not yet determined the dynamics and extent of this link. This longitudinal study examined whether EF subcomponents (inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) significantly predict decoding skills in Portuguese, which has a semitransparent orthography. The sample included 81 children (Mage = 5.36 years, SDage = 0.30; 40 girls) in their final year of kindergarten. EF performance was evaluated during kindergarten using nonverbal performance-based tests, and decoding skills were assessed one year later in first grade through a pseudoword reading task. A three-step regression analysis was used to explore the unique contributions of each EF subcomponent to decoding skills. Findings indicated that inhibitory control skills were significant predictors of first-grade decoding outcomes. However, adding working memory abilities to the regression model did not increase the explained variance. In the final step, including cognitive flexibility skills reduced the significance of inhibitory control and increased the amount of explained variance. These results suggest that, while inhibitory control plays an important role, cognitive flexibility has a more significant impact on word decoding skills, highlighting the importance of early development of specific EFs for decoding abilities.
Is Aesthetic Relational Knowing a Common Factor in Psychotherapy? A Comparison Among Different Models
Authors: Spagnuolo Lobb Margherita , Iacono Isidoro Serena , Guerrera Claudia Savia , Riggio Febronia , Di Nuovo Santo
Published: January 2025

This study explores how aesthetic relational knowing (ARK), as assessed by the ARK-T scale, is used by psychotherapists of different psychotherapeutic models. The ARK-T, a tool based on Gestalt therapy principles, evaluates three core factors of this therapeutic competence: body awareness, affective empathy, and intuitive resonance. A sample of 158 therapists from various approaches, including Gestalt therapy, cognitive–behavioral, systemic–relational, and psychodynamic models, participated in the study. The results show that while body awareness and affective empathy vary in emphasis, depending on the therapeutic approach, intuitive resonance emerges as a shared competence among therapists across orientations. These findings suggest that ARK, particularly the therapist’s capacity to attune to the client’s emotional and relational dynamics, may be a core component of effective therapy. The study highlights the significance of these relational competences in fostering effective therapeutic outcomes across diverse psychotherapeutic frameworks.
Investigation of a Physical Model for the Reverse Recovery Characteristics of PT-PIN FRD with a Buffer Layer
Authors: Sun Yameng , Ma Kun , Yuan Xiong , Chen Anning , Liu Xun , Song Yifan , Li Xuehan , Zi Tongtong , Zhou Yang , Liu Sheng
Published: January 2025

As application conditions become increasingly demanding and usage becomes more aggressive, the performance of traditional insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and fast recovery diode (FRD) systems can no longer meet the required specifications. In these systems, FRDs are required to carry load current and allow current to return from the load to the IGBTs. Consequently, the reverse recovery performance of the FRDs significantly restricts the overall efficiency of the system. Therefore, how to predict the reverse recovery characteristics of the FRDs with greater precision has attracted considerable attention. In this context, this paper presents an in-depth investigation of the high-level injection carrier distribution and reverse recovery characteristics of punchthrough P-I-N (PT-PIN) FRD with a buffer layer. Specifically, the research explores the physical properties of the materials, doping concentrations, and the geometric structure of the devices. Furthermore, it takes into account the complex interactions among carrier recombination, diffusion, and drift, leading to the development of a model that delineates the spatial distribution of carriers and their influence on current conduction. Building upon the traditional step-wise analysis method, subsequently, the temporal aspects of the FRDs reverse recovery process were further segmented. Utilizing the derived carrier distribution model, a reverse recovery analytical model was constructed. The model was validated using a 1200 V, 100 A IGBT with 1200 V, 60 A FRD configured in a reverse parallel arrangement, which demonstrated a 5% improvement in prediction accuracy of VR compared with previous models that employed the lumped charge method. Finally, a range of experiments with varying RG, VCC and IF confirmed the broad applicability of this analytical model.
Econometric Analysis of BRICS Countries’ Activities in 1990–2022: Seeking Evidence of Sustainability
Authors: Dobrowolski Zbysław , Drozdowski Grzegorz , Janjua Laeeq Razzak , Panait Mirela , Szołtysek Jacek
Published: January 2025

BRICS countries, which cause 43.2 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, are crucial in the world’s effort toward environmental sustainability. BRICS countries are among the world’s largest maritime traders and account for a good share of carbon emissions through shipping and the degradation of marine ecosystems. This research provides a novel contribution by examining the combined effect of energy intensity, innovation, blue economy activities and renewable energy on environmental sustainability for the period between 1990 and 2022 for BRICS nations under the shadow of ESG—economic, social and governance readiness. The key variables are energy intensity, renewable energy usage, innovation, blue economy and ESG readiness, with a critical focus on the environmental consequences. By applying Driscoll and Kraay’s robust adopting-type approach and panel quantile estimation, the findings indicate that adopting renewable energy and increased innovation significantly lowers GHG emissions across BRICS economies. The study further establishes that international ocean trade and fishing activities contribute to the deterioration of the environment through the overexploitation of resources and emissions resulting from shipping activities, with the consideration of these as the backbone of the blue economy. However, social and positive influences on sustainable practice in the BRICS region, as reflected through policy frameworks, economic development, and technical cooperation among members, positively influence the adoption of sustainable practices, thereby driving progress toward environmental goals. This study underlines the importance of continued technical cooperation among BRICS countries, with a commitment to sustainable innovation and a transition to renewable energy as essential strategies to reduce environmental degradation and enhance long-term sustainability.
Time Series Foundation Model for Improved Transformer Load Forecasting and Overload Detection
Authors: Hou Yikai , Ma Chao , Li Xiang , Sun Yinggang , Yu Haining , Fang Zhou
Published: January 2025

Simple load forecasting and overload prediction models, such as LSTM and XGBoost, are unable to handle the increasing amount of data in power systems. Recently, various foundation models (FMs) for time series analysis have been proposed, which can be scaled up for large time series variables and datasets across domains. However, the simple pre-training setting makes FMs unsuitable for complex downstream tasks. Effectively handling real-world tasks depends on additional data, i.e., covariates, and prior knowledge. Incorporating these through structural modifications to FMs is not feasible, as it would disrupt the pre-trained weights. To address this issue, this paper proposes a frequency domain mixer, i.e., FreqMixer, framework for enhancing the task-specific analytical capabilities of FMs. FreqMixer is an auxiliary network for the backbone FMs that takes covariates as input. It has the same number of layers as the backbone and communicates with it at each layer, allowing the incorporation of prior knowledge without altering the backbone’s structure. Through experiments, FreqMixer demonstrates high efficiency and performance, reducing MAPE by 23.65%, recall by 87%, and precision by 72% in transformer load forecasting during the Spring Festival while improving precision by 192.09% and accuracy by 14% in corresponding overload prediction, all while processing data from over 160 transformers with just 1M additional parameters.
First Look at Safety and Performance Evaluation of Commercial Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Carter Rachel , Waller Gordon H. , Jacob Connor , Hayman Dillon , West Patrick J. , Love Corey T.
Published: January 2025

Herein, we investigate the performance and safety of four of the early-stage, commercial Na-ion batteries available in 2024, representing the most popular cathode types across research and commercialization: polyanion (Na-VPF), layered metal oxide (Na-NMF), and a Prussian blue analog (Na-tmCN). The cells deliver a wide range of energy density with Na-tmCN delivering the least (23 Wh/kg) and Na-NMF delivering the most (127 Wh/kg). The Na-VPF cell was in between (47 Wg/kg). Capacity retention under specified cycling conditions and with periodic 0 V excursions was the most robust for the Na-tmCN cells in both cases. Accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) and nail penetration testing finds that Na-NMF cells do undergo thermal runaway in response to abuse, while the Na-VPF and Na-tmCN exhibit only low self-heating rates (<1 °C/min). During these safety tests, all cells exhibited off-gassing, so we conducted in-line FTIR equipped with a heated gas cell to detect CO, CO2, CH4, toxic acid gases (HCN, HF, NH3), and typical electrolyte components (carbonate ester solvents). Gases similar to those detected during Li-ion failures were found in addition to HCN for the Na-tmCN cell. Our work compares different types of commercial Na-ion batteries for the first time, allowing for a more holistic comparison of the safety and performance tradeoffs for different Na-ion cathode types emerging in 2024.
A Time Series Decomposition-Based Interpretable Electricity Price Forecasting Method
Authors: Cu Yuanke , Wang Kaishu , Zhang Lechen , Liu Zixuan , Liu Yixuan , Mo Li
Published: January 2025

Electricity price forecasting is of significant practical importance, and improving prediction accuracy has become a key area of focus. Although substantial progress has been made in electricity price forecasting research, the unique characteristics of the electricity market make prices highly sensitive to even minor market changes. This results in prices exhibiting long-term trends while also experiencing sharp fluctuations due to sudden events, often leading to extreme values. Furthermore, most current models are “black-box” models, lacking transparency and interpretability. These unique features make electricity price forecasting particularly complex and challenging. This paper introduces a forecasting framework that incorporates the Seasonal Trend decomposition using Loess (STL), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAPs) and applies it to forecasting in the electricity markets of the United States and Australia. The proposed forecasting framework significantly improves prediction accuracy compared to nine other baseline models, especially in terms of RMSE and R2 metrics, while also providing clear insights into the factors influencing the forecasts. On the U.S. dataset, the RMSE of this framework is 12.7% lower than that of the second-best model, while, on the Australian dataset, the RMSE of the SLGSEF is 2.58% lower than that of the second-best model.
Study on Efficient and Stable Energy Conversion Method of Oscillating Water Column Device Based on Energy Storage Valve Control
Authors: Hai Yunpeng , Yuan Zhenyu , Wei Changdong , Liu Yanjun , Xue Gang
Published: January 2025

Despite extensive research on the performance of Oscillating Water Columns (OWC) over the years, issues with low energy conversion efficiency and unstable power generation have not been addressed. In this study, a novel OWC energy conversion system is proposed based on the working principle of energy storage valve control. The system utilizes accumulators and valve groups to enhance the stability of energy conversion. The hydrodynamic model of the OWC system and the pneumatic model of the novel power take-off (PTO) system are developed using numerical simulations. Building on this, the impact of the incident wave period, wave height, and air chamber opening ratio on the system’s total hydrodynamic performance are examined. The results from the hydrodynamic analysis are subsequently used as input conditions to evaluate the proposed PTO system’s performance. The results show that the hydrodynamic efficiency of the system presents a tendency to increase and then decrease with the increase in the incident wave period, and an optimal period exists. The air chamber opening ratio has a notable influence on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the OWC system, and the larger system damping could be set to achieve a higher capture efficiency in the low-frequency water environment. The incident wave height has a lesser effect on the hydrodynamic characteristics and the resonant period of the device. The designed novel PTO system can effectively improve the energy conversion stability of the OWC device, the flow volatility through the turbine can be reduced by 53.49%, and the output power volatility can be reduced by 25.46% compared with the conventional PTO system.
Genetics of Physiological Variation Within and Between Larval Wild-Type AB and Backcrossed NHGRI-1 Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Martinez-Bautista Gil , Cartee Moira Ryann , Kunder Dyuksha , Lee Crystelle , Tang Karol , Nagarajan Neha , Padilla Pamela , Burggren Warren
Published: January 2025

Changes in the environment promote variations in fish physiological responses. Genetic variation also plays a role in physiological variation. To explore the role of genetics in physiological variation, we assessed variation of cardiac function (heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output), oxygen consumption, yolk conversion efficiency, and cost of development in embryonic and larval AB wild-type and NHGRI-1 zebrafish (low heterozygosity line backcrossed from AB wild-type) exposed to different temperature and oxygen regimes. Fish were exposed from fertilization to 7 days post-fertilization (dpf) to control conditions (28 °C, 21% O2) or to low temperature (23 °C, 21% O2), high temperature (33 °C, 21% O2), moderate hypoxia (28 °C, 13% O2), or severe hypoxia (28 °C, 10% O2). We hypothesized that (1) assessed physiological variables will respond similarly in both fish lines and (2) data variability in the low heterozygosity NHGRI-1 zebrafish will be lower than in AB zebrafish. Cardiac function decreased at lower temperature and in hypoxia in both AB and NHGRI-1 zebrafish. Oxygen consumption was increased by higher temperature and hypoxia in AB fish and by severe hypoxia in NHGRI-1 fish. Yolk conversion efficiency was decreased by lower temperature and hypoxia in AB fish and increased by higher temperature and decreased by hypoxia in NHGRI-1 fish. Cost of development was higher mainly in hypoxia-treated fish. Supporting our hypothesis that genetics contributes to physiological variation, NHGRI-1 zebrafish data showed significantly lower coefficients of variation in 84% of assessed endpoints. We conclude that (1) there is a strong genetic component to physiological variation in fishes and (2) low heterozygosity NHGRI-1 zebrafish are useful models for reducing the ‘noise’ from genetic backgrounds in physiological research in fish, which may aid interpretation of experimental results and facilitate reproducibility.
Analysis of Flow Past a Double-Slanted Ahmed Body
Authors: Aultman Matthew , Duan Lian
Published: January 2025

For this study, Improved Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulations (IDDES) were used to analyze the wake of a modified Ahmed body with varying upper and lower slants. The modified geometry produced a constant projected vertical base area, ensuring that the base and slant drag were a function of the pressure caused by the wake structures. Except at extreme slant angles, the general structures of the wake were a base torus with two pairs of streamwise-oriented vortices on each slant. These structures strongly correlated with the drag contribution of the rear surfaces: the torus with the vertical base and the streamwise-oriented vortices with the slants. As such, the base drag was minimized when the torus was most centrally aligned with the base, producing the largest stagnation region. Two slant-drag minima developed corresponding to two regimes of vortical flow on opposing slants. On one slant, the vortices were attached, and the drag correlated with the size and strength of the vortices. On the other slant, the vortices separated, and the drag correlated with the slant normal due to a more uniform pressure. This demonstrates a rich and complex set of interactions that must be managed in the development of base drag caused by wake flows.
Insight into the Volatile Profiles and Key Odorants of Rizhao Green Tea by Application of SBSE-GC-MS, OAVs and GC-O Analysis
Authors: Wang Mengqi , Song Dapeng , Yin Hongxu , Fang Fengxiang , Shi Yali , Wang Hui , Li Jiyan , Wang Kunpeng , Zhu Yin , Lv Haipeng , Ding Shibo
Published: January 2025

Rizhao green tea (RZT), a renowned green tea, is cultivated in China’s northernmost tea region. Its unique environment endows it with a strong chestnut- and seaweed-like aroma. This study sought to explore the volatile profiles of RZT and pinpoint its key odorants by employing stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), determining the odor activity value (OAV), and performing gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC-O). A total of 112 volatiles were identified, and the major volatile compounds were esters (2035.25 μg/kg), alcohols (1799.02 μg/kg), alkanes (991.88 μg/kg), and ketones (691.96 μg/kg), comprising 74.91% of the total. A molecular aroma wheel was preliminarily established based on these key odorants. These insights might contribute to the scientific elucidation of the flavor chemical basis of RZT.
Hericium erinaceus Protein Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress In Vivo
Authors: Lu Hongzheng , Yang Siqi , Li Wei , Zheng Baodong , Zeng Shaoxiao , Chen Haoran
Published: January 2025

Dietary interventions with food-derived natural products have emerged as a promising strategy to alleviate obesity. This study aims to investigate the anti-obesity effect of Hericium erinaceus protein (HEP) and its underlying mechanism. Our results demonstrated that HEP exhibited excellent radical scavenging activity in vitro. In vivo, HEP intervention reduced pancreatic lipase activity in the intestine and enhanced fat excretion, thereby inhibiting the absorption of dietary fats. Meanwhile, HEP ameliorated the body weight and organ indexes, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and liver oxidative stress injuries in obese mice. The results of real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses indicated that HEP upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), subsequently upregulated the expression of liver fatty acid oxidation-related genes (lipoprotein lipase (LPL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT-1a), and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1)) and downregulated the expression of lipogenesis-related genes (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD-1), and fatty acid synthase (FASN)), thereby ameliorating lipid metabolism disorders. Therefore, these findings demonstrated that HEP exerted protective effects on lipid metabolism disorders by activating the PPARα pathway, indicating its potential as a dietary supplement for the prevention and amelioration of obesity.
Successful Management of Calciphylaxis with Sodium Thiosulfate in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Albekery Mohamed A. , Alkulaib Munirah K. , Alanazi Ahmed A. , Alturki Lulwah T. , Al Sahlawi Muthana A. , Abulikailik Ramy I. , Abdelgadir Elbadri I.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA), is a rare and potentially fatal condition primarily affecting patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD). It is characterized by calcification in small blood vessels, leading to painful skin ulcers and high mortality rates. Case Description: This is a case of a 42-year-old female with ESRD on HD who developed calciphylaxis, presenting with non-healing ulcers on her thighs. Discussion: Despite initial treatments, including wound care and pain management, her condition did not improve. A skin biopsy was inconclusive, highlighting the diagnostic challenges associated with calciphylaxis. Based on clinical judgment, warfarin and calcium-based therapies were discontinued, and the patient’s HD regimen was adjusted. Due to the persistence of symptoms, sodium thiosulfate (STS) therapy was initiated, leading to significant improvement in her ulcers after six months of treatment. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of clinical judgment in the diagnosis and management of calciphylaxis, particularly when histopathological diagnostic methods yield inconclusive results. Clinical criteria, alongside a thorough assessment of the patient’s history and presentation, are vital for achieving a timely diagnosis in such challenging cases. The successful use of sodium thiosulfate in this patient adds to the growing body of evidence supporting its use as a potential treatment for calciphylaxis, especially in cases that do not respond to conventional therapy.
Multidisciplinary Approach of Proactive Preservation of the Religions Complex in Old Cairo—Part 1: Geoscience Aspects
Authors: Hassan Hany M. , Abdel Hafiez Hesham E. , Sallam Mariam A. , Bedon Chiara , Fasan Marco , Henaish Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Old Cairo is a unique site in the world because of its historical, cultural, and religious values. Old Cairo, a UNESCO World Heritage site, represents a rich tapestry of history and culture. Its significance lies in its role as a center of Coptic and Islamic civilizations and its preservation of numerous historical monuments. Today, the conservation of cultural heritage demands a proactive approach that integrates a robust multidisciplinary strategy. This approach must consider the unique characteristics of the heritage itself and the extensive research and efforts devoted to various scientific fields and avenues. As a case study, the focus is on the Religions Complex, the target of the “Particular Relevance” bilateral Italy–Egypt “CoReng” project. The historic Religions Complex in Old Cairo, a UNESCO World Heritage site, faces significant seismic hazards, threatening its irreplaceable Coptic and Islamic heritage. This research contribution focuses on reviewing and assessing aspects of geological and seismic hazards. This assessment serves as a crucial foundation for future vulnerability analyses and the development of effective retrofitting strategies for the Complex’s historic structures. The current work identifies critical vulnerabilities related to sub-surface geology and geotechnical conditions, various deterioration driving forces, rising groundwater levels, and earthquake ground shaking of the complex site to mitigate these risks and ensure the long-term preservation of this invaluable cultural heritage. In addition, attention is given to missing/weak characterization aspects and the proposal of possible future solutions and research developments.
Red Blood Cell-Related Phenotype–Genotype Correlations in Chronic and Acute Critical Illnesses (Traumatic Brain Injury Cohort and COVID-19 Cohort)
Authors: Kashatnikova Darya A. , Gracheva Alesya S. , Redkin Ivan V. , Zakharchenko Vladislav E. , Krylova Tatyana N. , Kuzovlev Artem N. , Salnikova Lyubov E.
Published: January 2025

Changes in red blood cell (RBC)-related parameters and anemia are common in both severe chronic and acute diseases. RBC-related phenotypes have a heritable component. However, it is unclear whether the contribution of genetic variability is pronounced when hematological parameters are affected by physiological stress. In this study, we analyzed RBC-related phenotypes and phenotype–genotype correlations in two exome-sequenced patient cohorts with or at a high risk for a critical illness: chronic TBI patients admitted for rehabilitation and patients with acute COVID-19. In the analysis of exome data, we focused on the cumulative effects of rare high-impact variants (qualifying variants, QVs) in specific gene sets, represented by Notch signaling pathway genes, based on the results of enrichment analysis in anemic TBI patients and three predefined gene sets for phenotypes of interest derived from GO, GWAS, and HPO resources. In both patient cohorts, anemia was associated with the cumulative effects of QVs in the GO (TBI: p = 0.0003, OR = 2.47 (1.54–4.88); COVID-19: p = 0.0004, OR = 2.12 (1.39–3.25)) and Notch pathway-derived (TBI: p = 0.0017, OR = 2.33 (1.35–4.02); COVID-19: p = 0.0012, OR =8.00 (1.79–35.74)) gene sets. In the multiple linear regression analysis, genetic variables contributed to RBC indices in patients with TBI. In COVID-19 patients, QVs in Notch pathway genes influenced RBC, HGB, and HCT levels, whereas genes from other sets influenced MCHC levels. Thus, in this exploratory study, exome data analysis yielded similar and different results in the two patient cohorts, supporting the view that genetic factors may contribute to RBC-related phenotypic performance in both severe chronic and acute health conditions.
Serum and Plasma miRNA Expression Levels in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Nunez Desmond A. , Abgoon Reyhaneh , Wijesinghe Printha , Garnis Cathie
Published: January 2025

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a rapidly developing acquired idiopathic disorder. Differential expressions of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in the acute serum of SSNHL patients. miRNAs are transmitted in both serum and plasma, but it is unknown which better reflects changes associated with inner ear disease. Therefore, we sought to compare the serum and plasma miRNA expression levels in adult SSNHL patients. We extracted and reverse transcribed total RNA from serum and plasma, and analyzed the product with quantitative real-time PCR. hsa-miR-191-5p was used for normalization, and miRNA expression levels were calculated using the delta Ct method. Serum and plasma samples from 17 SSNHL patients (mean age 51.9 years, standard deviation 13.9 years) showed no significant differences in miR-128-3p, miR-132-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-590-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-186-5p, and miR-195-5p expression levels on Wilcoxon signed-rank test analyses. We conclude that plasma and serum are equally suitable for investigating potential miRNA SSNHL disease markers.
PIEZO2 Proton Affinity and Availability May Also Regulate Mechanical Pain Sensitivity, Drive Central Sensitization and Neurodegeneration
Authors: Sonkodi Balázs
Published: January 2025

The current opinion manuscript posits that not only Piezo2 voltage block, but also proton affinity and availability in relation to Piezo2, a mechanically gated ion channel, may count in the mediation of pain and its sensitivity. Moreover, this paper argues that autonomously acquired Piezo2 channelopathy on somatosensory terminals is likely the initiating peripheral impaired input source that drives the central sensitization of spinal nociceptive neurons on the chronic path as being the autonomous pain generator. In parallel, impaired proprioception and the resultant progressive deficit in neuromuscular junctions of motoneurons might be initiated on the chronic path by the impairment of the proton-based ultrafast proprioceptive feedback to motoneurons due to disconnection through vesicular glutamate transporter 1. The irreversible form of this autonomously acquired Piezo2 ion channel microdamage, in association with genetic predisposition and/or environmental risk factors, is suggested to lead to progressive motoneuron death in addition to loss of pain sensation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Furthermore, the impairment of the proton-based ultrafast long-range oscillatory synchronization to the hippocampus through vesicular glutamate transporter 2 may gain further importance in pain modulation and formation on the chronic path. Overall, this novel, unaccounted Piezo2-initiated protonic extrafast signaling, including both the protonic ultrafast proprioceptive and the rapid nociceptive ones, within the nervous system seems to be essential in order to maintain life. Hence, its microdamage promotes neurodegeneration and accelerates aging, while the complete loss of it is incompatible with life sustainment, as is proposed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
The Long-Term Effects of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Experienced During Adolescence Could Vary Depending on Biological Sex
Authors: Shirokova Olesya M. , Kuzmina Daria M. , Zaborskaya Olga G. , Shchelchkova Natalia A. , Kozliaeva Elizaveta V. , Korotchenko Svetlana A. , Pershin Vladimir I. , Vasilchikov Petr I. , Mukhina Irina V.
Published: January 2025

Sex differences in the neurobiology of responses to chronic stress have been widely discussed but remain poorly understood. We found that chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) experienced during adolescence induced different behavioral patterns in adult males and females. Immunohistochemical analysis of the CA1 field of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus revealed no quantitative or morphological changes in astrocytes in the long term after CUMS. Real-time PCR analysis showed no increase in the expression level of SigmaR1 after CUMS relative to individual housekeeping genes. Analysis of mouse cerebral cortex homogenates showed that IL-1β levels only decreased after CUMS in males. However, the SigmaR1 levels were significantly higher in the CUMS groups than in the control groups in both sexes. It can be concluded that biological sex and age influence the response to CUMS, although not in all cases. Further studies are needed to understand the effects of chronic stress on males and females. This is important because men and women have different risks for stress and mental disorders.
Research on Resource Allocation Algorithm for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Backscatter-Based Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Huang Tingpei , Zhang Tiantian , Zhang Bairen , Liu Jianhang , Li Shibao
Published: January 2025

Integrating Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) backscatter with Cognitive Radio (CR) can effectively alleviate the pressure of large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) device connections while reducing power consumption. In the downlink of NOMA backscatter-based CR networks (NB-CR), most researchers only consider the case of a single backscatter device (BD), ignoring the fact that multiple BDs can prolong device usage and enhance system robustness. The resource allocation (RA) problem is crucial in the downlink of NB-CR networks. Most existing RA algorithms focus on system throughput but rarely consider energy efficiency (EE). In this paper, we propose the RA problem for downlink communication (NBCR-RA) in NB-CR networks with multiple BDs. We jointly optimize power allocation coefficients and reflection coefficients (RCs) to maximize EE. We model the NBCR-RA problem as a non-convex problem and divide it into two subproblems: power allocation optimization and RC optimization. Firstly, we propose a Lagrange-based power allocation optimization (L-PA) algorithm to obtain the optimal power allocation coefficients. Secondly, we design an RC optimization algorithm, PS-RC, based on a particle swarm algorithm to determine the optimal RCs. Finally, we validate the superiority of L-PA and PS-RC algorithms in terms of EE. Through multiple experiments, we obtained a 95% confidence interval of [10.5552, 10.6465].
Health-Related Quality of Life in Men with Fractures and Fear of Falling in General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zwart Marta , Azagra-Ledesma Rafael , Díaz-Herrera Miguel Ángel , Pujol Jesus , Saez Marc , Aguyé-Batista Amada
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aims to assess how fractures and fear of falling affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in men (≥50 years) across different domains. Methods: Design: Observational study. Setting: Primary care. Subjects: 237 men aged 50–90 years. Outcome measures: Age, frac-tures, fear of falling, EQ-5D. Results: A total of 122 men (51.47% of the male cohort) participated, the mean age was 69 ± 5 (≥65–74 years 26.2%, ≥75–84 years 21.3%, ≥85 years 9.8%). Poorer EQ-5D scores were observed in men ≥ 65 years with fractures in the pain domain (p = 0.04), while men < 65 showed better scores in mobility (p = 0.04), self-care (p = 0.04), daily activities (p = 0.04), and anxiety/depression (p = 0.01). Fear of falling significantly impacted HRQoL across all ages, with men ≥ 65 reporting worse mobility (p = 0.02) and higher anxiety/depression (p = 0.01), while men < 65 experienced less pain (p = 0.00). Conclusions: This study shows a relationship between frac-tures, fear of falling, and the perception of the various dimensions of HRQoL in older men. It highlights the need for targeted interventions and follow-up systems to monitor recovery and address fears of falling in men aged 65 and above post-fracture.
Unveiling the Resistome Landscape in Peri-Implant Health and Disease
Authors: Bessa Lucinda J. , Egas Conceição , Botelho João , Machado Vanessa , Alcoforado Gil , Mendes José João , Alves Ricardo
Published: January 2025

Background: The human oral microbiome is a critical reservoir for antibiotic resistance; however, subgingival peri-implant biofilms remain underexplored in this context. We aimed to explore the prevalence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in metagenomes derived from saliva and subgingival peri-implant biofilms. Methods: A total of 100 metagenome datasets from 40 individuals were retrieved from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database. Of these, 20 individuals had exclusively healthy implants and 20 had both healthy and affected implants with peri-implantitis. ARGs and their taxonomic assignments were identified using the ABRicate tool, and plasmid detection was performed with PlasmidFinder. Results: Four plasmid replicons were identified in 72 metagenomes, and 55 distinct ARGs from 13 antibiotic classes were detected in 89 metagenomes. ARGs conferring resistance to macrolides–lincosamides–streptogramins, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and fluoroquinolones were the most prevalent. The msr(D) and mef(A) genes showed the highest prevalence, except in saliva samples from individuals with healthy implants, where mef(A) ranked fourth. A pairwise PERMANOVA of principal coordinate analysis based on Jaccard distances revealed that saliva samples exhibited significantly greater ARG diversity than subgingival biofilm samples (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between healthy and peri-implantitis-affected subgingival biofilm groups (p > 0.05). The taxonomic origins of ARGs were also analyzed to understand their distribution and potential impact on oral microbial communities. Conclusions: Resistome profiles associated with both peri-implant health and disease showed no significant differences and higher salivary abundance of ARGs compared to subgingival biofilm samples.
The EU Health Technology Assessment Regulation Halo Effect: Are Cross-Functional Teams Ready?
Authors: Tanner Sian , Coady Rebecca , Lisica Ana , Falla Edel , van Engen Anke
Published: January 2025

The focus of manufacturers preparing for implementation of the EU HTA Regulation (HTAR) in 2025 has understandably been on their market access teams, and how they can be best equipped to adapt to this significant change. Considering the critical nature of market access in ensuring innovation reaches patients, it should be no surprise that the EU HTAR will have impacts far beyond this function. Here, we utilize published EU HTAR guidance, a pragmatic literature review, internal analysis, and insights from engagements with manufacturers, to outline some of the key cross-functional considerations arising from JSC and JCA, and how manufacturers should account for these in their EU HTAR readiness plans.
Scour near Offshore Monopiles, Jacket-Type and Caisson-Type Structures
Authors: van Rijn Leo C. , Geleynse Nathanael , Perk Luitze , Schoonhoven Doke
Published: January 2025

Scour near various offshore structures (monopile, caisson foundation and jacket structure) was studied by performing laboratory flume tests and numerical solutions with a semi-empirical model (SEDSCOUR) and a sophisticated 2DV model (SUSTIM2DV). The laboratory test results show that the maximum free scour depth around a monopile without bed protection is slightly higher than the pile diameter. The maximum scour consisting of pile scour and global scour around an open jacket structure standing on four piles is much lower than the scour near the other structures (monopile and caisson). The maximum scour depth along a circular caisson foundation is found to be related to the base diameter of the structure. The main cause of the scour near these types of structures is the increase in the velocity along the flanks of the structure. Six cases have been used for validation: two laboratory cases (A and B) and four field cases (C, D, E and F). The measured scour values of the new physical model tests with the monopile and the open jacket structure presented in this paper are in reasonably good agreement with other laboratory and field scour data from the literature. The semi-empirical SEDSCOUR model proposed in this paper can be used for the reliable prediction of free scour and global scour near monopiles and jacket structures in a sandy bed (even with a small percentage of mud, up to 30%). The maximum scour depth along a large-scale caisson structure is more difficult to predict because the scour depth depends on the precise geometry and dimensions of the structure and the prevailing flow and sediment conditions. A detailed 2DV model with a fine horizontal grid (2 m) along a stream tube following the contour of the caisson is explored for scour predictions. The 2DV model simulates the flow and sediment transport at 50 to 100 points over the depth along the stream tube and can be run on a time-scale of 1 year.
Nanozyme-Based Cancer Nanotheranostics: Emerging Applications and Challenges in Brain Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Mansur Alexandra A. P. , Mansur Herman S.
Published: January 2025

Regrettably, despite undeniable advances in cancer diagnosis and therapy, primary brain cancer (or brain cancer) remains one of the deadliest forms of malignant tumors, where glioblastoma (GBM) is known as the most malignant diffuse glioma of astrocytic lineage. Fortunately, to improve this scenario, remarkable progress in nanotechnology has brought new promise and raised expectations in cancer treatment. Nanomedicine, principally an area amalgamating nanotechnology with biology and medicine, has demonstrated a pivotal role, starting with the earliest detection and diagnosis while also offering novel multimodal cancer therapy alternatives. In the vast realm of nanotechnology, nanozymes, a type of nanomaterial with intrinsic enzyme-like activities and characteristics connecting the fields of nanocatalysts, enzymology, and biology, have emerged as powerful nanotools for cancer theranostics. Hence, this fascinating field of research has experienced exponential growth in recent years. As it is virtually impossible to cover all the literature on this broad domain of science in one paper, this review focuses on presenting a multidisciplinary approach, with its content extending from fundamental knowledge of nanozymes and enzyme-mimicking catalysis to the most recent advances in nanozymes for therapy targeting brain cancers. Although we are at the very early stages of research, it can be envisioned that the strategic development of nanozymes in brain cancer theranostics will positively offer disruptive nanoplatforms for future nano-oncology.
Identification of Challenging Dermatophyte Species Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Fu , Fan Yun-Chen , Lu Jang-Jih , Chien Chun-Chih , Wang Hsin-Yao , Sun Pei-Lun
Published: January 2025

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a widely adopted technique for bacterial and yeast identification in clinical laboratories but is less frequently applied to filamentous fungi due to inconsistent performance, limitations of commercial libraries, and variability of preparation methods. This study aimed to validate the efficiency of MALDI-TOF MS-based dermatophyte identification using the Bruker Biotyper system. Focusing on species from the Trichophyton, Nannizzia, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton genera, an in-house reference library was established and evaluated with clinical isolates. The expanded library, which combined the in-house and Bruker libraries, achieved significantly higher accuracy than the Bruker library alone, correctly identifying 90.7% (107/118) of isolates at the species level compared to 16.1% (19/118) by the Bruker library. This study presents an efficient, standardized MALDI-TOF MS protocol for routine dermatophyte identification and provides a review of the current status and influencing factors in MALDI-TOF MS-based dermatophyte identification strategies.
A Whole-Body Physiology Model to Investigate Respiratory Function During Exercise Across Different Age Cohorts
Authors: Baird Austin , Umoren Rachel A. , White Steven A. , Gray Megan , Sawyer Taylor L.
Published: January 2025

Background: There is a limitation in understanding complete cardiopulmonary function during moments of exhaustive exercise due to invasive measurement techniques. We asked how cardiopulmonary function is perturbed during times of exercise in different age cohorts: 6–11 and 11–18. We sought to broadly analyze how age and oxidative stress during exercise differ across age cohorts. Methods: We present a whole-body physiology model that connects the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, and oxygen transport and binding systems. We connect these models using a lumped parameter representation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Results: we observe distinct age-related difference in physiological response to exercise. These responses consist of respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous system perturbations that are distinct across these age groups.
How Does the Relevance of Firm-Generated Content to Products Affect Consumer Brand Attitudes?
Authors: Li Yao , Yin Ying , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: January 2025

Despite the growing importance of firm-generated content (FGC) on social platforms, the effect of its relevance to products on consumer brand attitudes remains underexplored. As digital platforms increasingly influence consumer decision-making, this study investigates how the relevance of FGC to products affects consumer brand attitudes. Through four experimental studies, we examine the mediating role of brand authenticity and the moderating effects of brand type (time-honored vs. new) and consumer thinking style (analytic vs. holistic). The results indicate that the relevance of FGC to products positively affects consumer brand attitudes, with brand authenticity acting as a mediating factor. Furthermore, this effect is stronger for time-honored brands and analytic-thinking consumers. These findings contribute to digital marketing literature by introducing a novel perspective on FGC and product relevance, an aspect largely overlooked in previous research. Our study also provides valuable insights for brand managers on how to leverage FGC to enhance consumer–brand interactions, particularly by aligning FGC with both brand type and consumer thinking style.
Association Between Systemic Inflammation, Metabolic Syndrome and Quality of Life in Psoriasis Patients
Authors: Mustață Maria-Lorena , Neagoe Carmen-Daniela , Rădulescu Virginia-Maria , Dragne Ioana-Gabriela , Cîmpeanu Radu-Cristian , Radu Lucrețiu , Ahrițculesei Roxana-Viorela , Forțofoiu Dragoș , Predoi Maria-Cristina , Ianoși Simona-Laura
Published: January 2025

Background/objectives: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with important systemic and psychosocial impacts. The association with metabolic syndrome (MS) impairs disease severity and negatively influences patient-reported outcomes, particularly their quality of life as measured by the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). This study aims to investigate the relationship between systemic inflammation, DLQI scores and disease severity, focusing on the persistent impact of MS on patient outcomes after one year of treatment. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 150 psoriasis patients, with 74 also meeting the diagnostic criteria for MS. Clinical and inflammatory markers such as systemic immune–inflammatory index (SII), cytokines (IL-17A, IL-23), leptin, BMI and triglycerides were analyzed alongside PASI and DLQI scores. Results: Patients with MS had significantly higher PASI and DLQI scores compared to those without MS, reflecting worse disease severity and quality of life (p < 0.01). Elevated SII levels were strongly associated with higher DLQI scores (p < 0.01). Despite considerable reductions in PASI scores over one year of treatment, DLQI scores indicated a persistent negative impact of MS on quality of life. Notably, markers of systemic inflammation, such as SII, leptin and cytokines, correlated positively with both PASI and DLQI scores, highlighting the role of systemic inflammation in disease burden. Conclusions: This study underlines the significant role of systemic inflammation and metabolic comorbidities in amplifying the burden of psoriasis. The persistent impact of MS on quality of life despite clinical improvement underscores the need for comprehensive treatment approaches targeting systemic inflammation, metabolic health and psychosocial factors to improve long-term outcomes.