bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burden of dental caries and periodontal disease in South Korea: An analysis using the national health insurance claims database
Authors: Radnaabaatar Munkhzul , Kim Young‐Eun , Go Dun‐Sol , Jung Yunsun , Jung Jaehun , Yoon Seok‐Jun
Published: September 2019

Objectives

It is essential to measure and monitor the burden of dental caries and periodontal disease (PD) in Korea's ageing population due to their potential impact on morbidity, quality of life and economic condition. This study aimed to quantify the size of burden of dental caries and PD using the disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), and their trends.

Methods

DALYs were estimated using incidence‐based approaches to calculate the burden of dental caries and PD from 2013 to 2015 in Korea. Incidence and prevalence were estimated using medical claim data by specific algorithms. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate possible weakness in the study methodology. To conduct the sensitivity analysis, we modified the algorithms to estimate prevalence and incidence.

Results

The burden of dental caries and PD increased by 39.2% and 57.0%, respectively, between 2013 and 2015. In 2015, dental caries and PD ranked 11th and 25th, respectively, in terms of the leading causes of DALYs. The burden of dental caries was the most substantial in children aged 0‐9 years, while that of PD was the most substantial among those in their ages of 40 and 50 (per 100 000 population). After sensitivity analysis with a modified disease algorithm, the magnitude of disease burden changed considerably.

Conclusions

Dental caries and PD constitute substantial burdens in South Korea. Despite the known limitations, medical claims data can be a powerful resource for conducting timely and cost‐effective measurements of oral health. In countries, where universal dental schemes are available, there is need to estimate the burden of oral disease using claims data, for methodical advances in the research field.
I will not go, I cannot go: cultural and social limitations of disaster preparedness in Asia, Africa, and Oceania
Authors: Ayeb‐Karlsson Sonja , Kniveton Dominic , Cannon Terry , van der Geest Kees , Ahmed Istiakh , Derrington Erin M. , Florano Ebinezer , Opondo Denis Opiyo
Published: September 2019

While much work has been invested in addressing the economic and technical basis of disaster preparedness, less effort has been directed towards understanding the cultural and social obstacles to and opportunities for disaster risk reduction. This paper presents local insights from five different national settings into the cultural and social contexts of disaster preparedness. In most cases, an early warning system was in place, but it failed to alert people to diverse environmental shocks. The research findings show that despite geographical and typological differences in these locations, the limitations of the systems were fairly similar. In Kenya, people received warnings, but from contradictory systems, whereas in the Philippines and on the island of Saipan, people did not understand the messages or take them seriously. In Bangladesh and Nepal, however, a deeper cultural and religious reasoning serves to explain disasters, and how to prevent them or find safety when they strike.
Towards a complex model of disaster behaviour
Authors: Savage David A.
Published: September 2019

This paper outlines why a move towards a complex adaptive systems model of behaviour is required if the goal is to generate better understanding of how individuals and groups interact with their environment in a disaster setting. To accomplish this objective, a bridge must be built between the broader social sciences and behavioural economics to incorporate discipline‐specific insights that are needed to move towards complexity. This is only possible through a deeper understanding of behaviour and how the environment in which they occur can influence actions. It is then that one can counteract the poor behavioural predictions, flawed policies based on myth, inefficient design, and suboptimal outcomes that have flourished in the absence of a complex adaptive systems model. This paper provides a conceptual framework that draws on concepts from across the natural and social sciences, such as behavioural economics, endocrinology, psychology, sociobiology, and sociology in order to build an interactive theory of disaster behaviour.
Current climate, isolation and history drive global patterns of tree phylogenetic endemism
Authors: Sandel Brody , Weigelt Patrick , Kreft Holger , Keppel Gunnar , van der Sande Masha T. , Levin Sam , Smith Stephen , Craven Dylan , Knight Tiffany M.
Published: September 2019

Aim

We mapped global patterns of tree phylogenetic endemism (PE) to identify hotspots and test hypotheses about possible drivers. Specifically, we tested hypotheses related to current climate, geographical characteristics and historical conditions and assessed their relative importance in shaping PE patterns.

Location

Global.

Time period

We used the present distribution of trees, and predictors covering conditions from the mid‐Miocene to present.

Major taxa studied

All seed‐bearing trees.

Methods

We compiled distributions for 58,542 tree species across 463 regions worldwide, matched these to a recent phylogeny of seed plants and calculated PE for each region. We used a suite of predictor variables describing current climate (e.g., mean annual temperature), geographical characteristics (e.g., isolation) and historical conditions (e.g., tree cover at the Last Glacial Maximum) in a spatial regression model to explain variation in PE.

Results

Tree PE was highest on islands, and was higher closer to the equator. All three groups of predictor variables contributed substantially to the PE pattern. Isolation and topographic heterogeneity promoted high PE, as did high current tree cover. Among mainland regions, temperature seasonality was strongly negatively related to PE, while mean annual temperature was positively related to PE on islands. Some relationships differed among the major floristic regions. For example, tree cover at the Last Glacial Maximum was a positive predictor of PE in the Palaeotropics, while tree cover at the Miocene was a negative predictor of PE in the Neotropics.

Main conclusions

Globally, PE can be explained by a combination of geographical, historical and current factors. Some geographical variables appear to be key predictors of PE. However, the impact of historic and current climate variables differs considerably among the major floristic regions, reflecting their unique histories. Hence, the current distribution of trees is the result of globally relevant geographical drivers and regional climatic histories.
Effectiveness and safety of olive oil preparation for topical use in pressure ulcer prevention: Multicentre, controlled, randomised, and double‐blinded clinical trial
Authors: Díaz‐Valenzuela Antonio , García‐Fernández Francisco P. , Carmona Fernández PedroJ. , Valle Cañete M. Jesús , Pancorbo‐Hidalgo Pedro L.
Published: September 2019

This non‐inferiority, multicentre, randomised, controlled, and double‐blinded clinical trial compared the therapeutic effectiveness of the topical application of an olive oil solution with that of a hyperoxygenated fatty acid compound for the prevention of pressure ulcers in at‐risk nursing home residents. The study population comprised 571 residents of 23 nursing homes with pressure ulcer risk, randomly assigned to a hyperoxygenated fatty acid group (n = 288) or olive oil solution group (n = 283). Both solutions were applied on at‐risk skin areas every 12 hours for 30 days or until pressure ulcer onset. The main outcome variable was the pressure ulcer incidence. The absolute risk difference was estimated (with 95% CI) using Kaplan‐Meier survival and Cox regression curves. The groups did not significantly differ in any study variable at baseline. The pressure ulcer incidence was 4.18% in the olive oil group vs 6.57% in the control group, with an incidence difference of −2.39% (95% CI = −6.40 to 1.56%), which is within the pre‐established non‐inferiority margin of ±7%, thus supporting the study hypothesis. We present the first evidence of the effectiveness and safety of the topical application of olive oil to prevent pressure ulcers in the institutionalised elderly.
The bolster technique utilising small intestinal submucosa wound matrix: A novel approach to wound treatment
Authors: Collini Francis J. , Stevenson Samantha C. , Hodde Jason P.
Published: September 2019

Managing acute wounds with soft tissue loss can be very challenging for both patients and physicians. Successful wound healing depends on several factors including exudate control, prevention of infection, and moisture balance. In this case series, we describe a novel combination treatment method utilising small intestinal submucosa wound matrix (SISWM) with the bolster technique as a way of assisting the integration of collagen‐based wound treatment products into the base of complex wounds with the intent of restoring a dysfunctional extracellular matrix. In case 1, a 44‐year‐old female presented with an acute wound resulting from a spider bite to the posterior aspect of the right knee. In case 2, a 12‐year‐old male sustained multiple injuries to his right foot from an all‐terrain vehicle accident. In case 3, an 80‐year‐old female on anticoagulants sustained an avulsion injury to her left lower leg. In case 4, a 41‐year‐old female sustained a severe complex avulsion injury to the dorsal left forearm sustained from a dog bite. All patients were successfully treated with SISWM and the bolster technique, and their wounds healed completely within 6 weeks. The bolster technique, when combined with an SISWM, is a novel method designed to enable the SISWM to impart its wound healing properties to these complex traumatic wounds. This case series presents treating clinicians with a different treatment methodology to assist the patient in achieving a successful outcome.
Combination therapy using non‐ablative fractional laser and intralesional triamcinolone injection for hypertrophic scars and keloids treatment
Authors: Shin Jongweon , Cho Jin Tae , Park Song I. , Jung Sung No
Published: September 2019

Combinations of various treatment modalities were shown to be more effective than monotherapy when treating hypertrophic scars and keloids. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of combination therapy with non‐ablative fractional laser and intralesional steroid injection. From May 2015 to June 2017, a total of 38 patients with hypertrophic scars or keloids were evaluated. The control group of 21 patients received steroid injection alone, and 17 patients (the combined group) received 1550‐nm erbium‐glass fractional laser treatment and steroid injection simultaneously. The mean number of treatment sessions was statistically fewer in the combined group than in the control group (6.95 vs 5.47, P = .042). There was a significant difference in the patient's scale in the combined group (14.62 vs 22.82, P = .005); however, the observer's scale was not significantly different (17.92 vs 20.55, P = .549). The recurrence rate was 38.1% (8/21) in the control group and 35.3% (6/17) in the combined groups and showed no significant difference (P = .859). However, the mean remission period was statistically longer in the combined group (3.00 months vs 4.17 months, P = .042). Combination therapy with non‐ablative fractional laser and intralesional steroid injection showed better results for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids with fewer treatment sessions, better patient satisfaction, and longer remission periods.
Developing Water Leaders as Catalysts for Change: The Nebraska Water Leaders Academy
Authors: Burbach Mark E. , Reimers‐Hild Connie
Published: September 2019

Managing water resources is increasingly complex and dynamic. Sustaining freshwater ecosystem services in the face of increasing challenges and emerging threats is a supreme leadership challenge. Leadership development program designers should look to social science theories and methods to prepare leaders to catalyze the change necessary to meet future challenges. This paper provides evidence that a new generation of water leaders is needed; and correspondingly, there is a need for new leadership development programs. The Nebraska Water Leaders Academy and its evaluation is presented as a case study of a successful program training leaders in social science‐based skills in order to produce catalysts of change. The Academy is theoretically grounded in transformational leadership, champions of innovation, civic capacity, and entrepreneurial leadership. The Academy employs a process‐based curriculum with developmental experiences that includes key components of assessment, challenge, and support. Formative assessment provides constructive feedback from participants and guides the development of future sessions and curriculum. Summative assessment is used to gauge participants’ leadership knowledge, skills, and behaviors, and evaluate the instructional methods used in the Academy. Results of pre‐ and post‐Academy assessments of participants from both the participants’ and raters’ perspectives indicate statistically significant increases in transformational leadership behaviors, champion of innovation behaviors, civic capacity, entrepreneurial leadership behavior, awareness of Nebraska water issues, and engagement with Nebraska water issues.
Using Social Science to Improve Outreach to Protect Endangered Aquatic Animals: The Case of Freshwater Mussels in Indiana
Authors: Bentlage Belyna M. , Esman Laura A. , Fisher Brant , Prokopy Linda S.
Published: September 2019

Freshwater mussel populations in North America have been declining over the past two centuries due to a variety of land‐use changes and anthropogenic water quality degradation. The Tippecanoe River, located in northcentral Indiana, was once home to the world’s largest population of clubshell mussels. Currently, the river supports six federally listed species. The Indiana Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) partnered with Purdue University to design and implement an outreach and education campaign to raise awareness about and promote protection of these imperiled species. This article details how researchers used the principles of community‐based social marketing to create and evaluate the campaign. Lessons learned and recommendations for future campaigns are provided.
Assessing Principles of Good Governance: The Case of Lake Wausau, Wisconsin
Authors: Floress Kristin , Thompson Aaron , Fisher Cherie LeBlanc
Published: September 2019

This paper describes how in‐depth interviews and content analysis of water‐related policies and plans were used to assess good governance principles (transparency, effectiveness, equity, accountability, and appropriate scale) for Lake Wausau in central Wisconsin. The purpose of the research was to support and inform development of a lake management plan. One of the key findings was that the existing system of water governance lacked transparency. In addition, responsibility for and benefits from potential improved lake conditions were distributed unevenly and inequitably among stakeholders. Local and county plans were vague and lacked strong language (e.g., “should” vs. “must” comply) to indicate which actions were required. Both barriers to and opportunities for creating a more effective system were identified. This paper offers suggestions for improving the governance system, discusses the limits of local watershed planning for overcoming watershed management issues, and provides suggestions for anyone wishing to undertake governance analyses to support water resources management.
Absence of estrogen receptor beta leads to abnormal adipogenesis during early tendon healing by an up‐regulation of PPARγ signalling
Authors: Bian Xuting , Liu Tianyao , Zhou Mei , He Gang , Ma Yuanyuan , Shi Youxing , Wang Yunjiao , Tang Hong , Kang Xia , Yang Mingyu , Gustafsson Jan‐Åke , Fan Xiaotang , Tang Kanglai
Published: September 2019

Achilles tendon injury is one of the challenges of sports medicine, the aetiology of which remains unknown. For a long time, estrogen receptor β (ERβ) has been known as a regulating factor of the metabolism in many connective tissues, such as bone, muscle and cartilage, but little is known about its role in tendon. Recent studies have implicated ERβ as involved in the process of tendon healing. Tendon‐derived stem cells (TDSCs) are getting more and more attention in tendon physiological and pathological process. In this study, we investigated how ERβ played a role in Achilles tendon healing. Achilles tendon injury model was established to analyse how ERβ affected on healing process in vivo. Cell proliferation assay, Western blots, qRT‐PCR and immunocytochemistry were performed to investigate the effect of ERβ on TDSCs. Here, we showed that ERβ deletion in mice resulted in inferior gross appearance, histological scores and, most importantly, increased accumulation of adipocytes during the early tendon healing which involved activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signalling. Furthermore, in vitro results of ours confirmed that the abnormity might be the result of abnormal TDSC adipogenic differentiation which could be partially reversed by the treatment of ERβ agonist LY3201. These data revealed a role of ERβ in Achilles tendon healing for the first time, thereby providing a new target for clinical treatment of Achilles tendon injury.
Influence of low‐pressure nonthermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma on chlorpyrifos reduction in tomatoes
Authors: Ranjitha Gracy Thirugnanasambandan Kalaivendan , Gupta Vidhi , Mahendran Radhakrishnan
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to investigate the influence of nonthermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on chlorpyrifos reduction in tomatoes. As plasma contains highly reactive species and free radicals, it is expected to cause oxidative degradation of the target pesticide chlorpyrifos into its metabolites, thereby reducing the pesticide concentration. Tomatoes applied with three initial pesticide concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 0.8 ppm were subjected to DBD plasma of 2–5 W for the exposure of 4–6 min. The plasma‐treated and control samples were examined for the concentration of pesticide and the physicochemical attributes. The maximum reduction of 89.18% in the pesticide concentration was observed with 5 W at 6 min, which might be due to the intensified reactions of oxidative plasma species. This was further confirmed by GC–MS analysis, and the predominant metabolite of chlorpyrifos degradation, 3,5,6‐trichloro pyridinol (TCP) was identified in the treated sample. The physicochemical attributes except TSS and pH were also significantly (p < .05) influenced by the plasma treatments. Tomato color index (TI) was enhanced while firmness, bio yield point, carotenoids, and total phenolic contents were decreased considerably after plasma treatment. Thus, the cold plasma would be a promising nonthermal technique to degrade and reduce the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos in tomatoes.

Practical applications

The present study investigates the potential of cold plasma technique to reduce the pesticide contaminant in the perishable commodity, which would result in a safer as well as intact freshness product. The discovered process conditions, that is, the plasma power of 5 W and the treatment time of 6 min giving maximum pesticide reduction would be efficient as well as economical to consider this method of decontamination as a feasible pretreatment. This would further facilitate its application in processing and distribution lines even on a large scale level to promise the consumers a benign product.
Heat capacities of ordinary chondrite falls below 300 K
Authors: Macke Robert J. , Opeil Cyril , Consolmagno Guy J.
Published: September 2019

Low‐temperature specific heat capacities of meteorites provide valuable data for understanding the composition and evolution of meteorites and modeling the thermal behavior of their source asteroids. By liquid nitrogen immersion, we measured average low‐temperature heat capacities for 60 ordinary chondrite falls from the Vatican collection. We further characterized the temperature dependence of ordinary chondrite by direct measurement of Cp(T) over the range 5–320 K for five OC falls, coupled by composition‐based models for 94 ordinary chondrites. We find that the heat capacity as a function of temperature for typical ordinary chondrites can be closely approximated by a third‐order polynomial in temperature. Furthermore, those polynomial coefficients can be estimated from the single‐value average heat capacity measurement. These measurements have important implications for the orbital and spin evolution of S‐ and Q‐type asteroids via the various Yarkovsky effects and the thermal evolution of meteorite parent bodies.
Challenging feedback myths: Values, learner involvement and promoting effects beyond the immediate task
Authors: Molloy Elizabeth , Ajjawi Rola , Bearman Margaret , Noble Christy , Rudland Joy , Ryan Anna
Published: September 2019

Context

Research suggests that feedback in the health professions is less useful than we would like. In this paper, we argue that feedback has become reliant on myths that perpetuate unproductive rituals. Feedback often resembles a discrete episode of an educator “telling,” rather than an active and iterative involvement of the learner in a future‐facing process. With this orientation towards past events, it is not surprising that learners become defensive or disengaged when they are reminded of their deficits.

Methods

We tackle three myths of feedback: (a) feedback needs praise‐criticism balancing rules; (b) feedback is a skill residing within the teacher; and (c) feedback is an input only. For each myth we provide a reframing with supporting examples from the literature.

Conclusions

Equipping learners to engage in feedback processes may reduce the emotional burden on both parties, rendering techniques such as the feedback sandwich redundant. We also highlight the benefits for learners and teachers of conceptualising feedback as a relational activity, and of tracing the effects of information exchanges. These effects may be immediate or latent, and may manifest in different forms such as changes in learner evaluative judgement or professional identity.
Nrf2–Keap1 pathway–mediated effects of resveratrol on oxidative stress and apoptosis in hydrogen peroxide–treated rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes
Authors: Zhang Ye , Wang Gaoyuan , Wang Taorong , Cao Wei , Zhang Lixia , Chen Xiaoyu
Published: September 2019

Resveratrol (Res) is a polyphenolic compound that has a variety of biological functions and activities. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of the antioxidant and proapoptotic effects of Res in H2O2‐treated rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RA‐FLSs) by the Nrf2–Keap1 signaling pathway. We found that 5 µM H2O2 promoted cell proliferation and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in RA‐FLSs. However, Res could reverse these effects in 5 µMH2O2‐treated RA‐FLSs by (1) promoting expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), (2) reducing expression of Kelch‐like ECH–related protein 1 (Keap1), (3) inhibiting production of ROS and MDA, (4) blocking activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) p65, (5) inhibiting cell proliferation and migration, and (6) activating Bcl‐2/Bax to induce apoptosis. After lentiviral silencing of Nrf2 (siNrf2) mRNA expression in RA‐FLSs, Res addition did not increase the expression of Nrf2 or HO‐1 to reduce the production of mitochondrial ROS caused by 5 µM H2O2. Res reduced the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio, but siNrf2 reduced the ability of Res to promote apoptosis. We conclude that Res inhibits ROS production by activating the Nrf2 pathway, thereby inhibiting activation of NF‐κB and proliferation and migration of RA‐FLSs, to induce apoptosis. Targeting the Nrf2–Keap1 pathway may be a relevant aim of using Res in the treatment of RA.
Does the Cost‐Cutting Strategy of Closing Public Schools Provide Financial Benefits? Evidence From Ohio
Authors: Nguyen‐Hoang Phuong
Published: September 2019

From 1995 through 2014, 15 percent of school districts nationwide closed at least one school without opening any new school. Although budgetary constraints have been claimed as a major reason to close a public school, no empirical study has examined the financial benefits of school closures. This study finds that Ohio school closures reduce an average district's total operating expenditures by $278–$285 per pupil, and that savings come primarily from cuts in classroom instructional services, including teachers. This study provides empirical evidence on the financial implications of school closings needed for stakeholders involved in a school closing process.
Romantic competence behavior during problem solving among emerging adult dating couples: Development of an observational coding system
Authors: Zhou Jiaqi , Davila Joanne
Published: September 2019

This study examined the hypothesis that romantic competence (RC) skills would be demonstrated behaviorally during dating couple problem solving interactions. A coding system was developed for RC behavior, and its validity was examined through its association with relationship satisfaction and negative affect expressed. A total of 106 emerging adult dating couples in different‐sex relationships were assessed using the Romantic Competence Interview for Emerging Adults, and they participated in a dyadic problem‐solving interaction coded for RC behavior and negative affect. Men's behavioral RC was positively associated with both his and his partner's satisfaction. Behavioral RC was also more associated with satisfaction than was negative affect. Implications for the utility of teaching RC skills in young couples are discussed.
On fundamental responsibility
Authors: Malmgren Anna‐Sara
Published: September 2019

Some psychological states—paradigmatically, beliefs and intentions—are rationally evaluable: they can be rational or irrational, justified or unjustified. Other states—e.g. sensations and gastrointestinal states—aren't: they're a‐rational. On a familiar but hard‐to‐make‐precise line of thought, at least part of what explains this difference is that we're somehowresponsiblefor (having/being in) states of the former sort, in a way we're not for the others. But this responsibility can't be modeled on the responsibility we have for our (free, intentional) actions. So how should it be understood? In this paper I address that question. The overall shape of my answer is in line with tradition: I take the responsibility to be grounded in certain capacities forreflectionandcontrol. Answers in this family have recently been subjected to an interesting challenge. But the version I defend meets that challenge.
A coefficient identification problem for a mathematical model related to ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Wu Bin , Chen Qun , Yu Jun , Wang Zewen
Published: September 2019

We consider a coefficient identification problem for a mathematical model with free boundary related to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). This inverse problem aims to determine the nutrient consumption rate from additional measurement data at a boundary point. We first obtain a global‐in‐time uniqueness of our inverse problem. Then based on the optimization method, we present a regularization algorithm to recover the nutrient consumption rate. Finally, our numerical experiment shows the effectiveness of the proposed numerical method.
Disparities in Modes and Content of Civic Engagement: An Analysis Using Data from the Current Population Survey
Authors: Shores Kenneth , Ben‐Porath Sigal , Jefferson Michael
Published: September 2019

Objective

We describe disparities in civic engagement along two axes: the modal, describing the extent to which civic engagement is structured, and its content, describing the extent to which civic engagement has partisan objectives. Accordingly, this structure creates four domains of civic engagement: associational–partisan (e.g., voting), social–partisan (e.g., boycotting), associational–civic (e.g., participating in parent–teacher organizations), and social–civic (e.g., talking with neighbors).

Method

Using data from the Current Population Survey and item response theory methods, we generate civic engagement scores in each of these domains for as many as 35,618 U.S. respondents.

Results and Conclusions

Similar to prior studies, income and educational attainment are associated with large disparities in civic engagement across all domains. However, in contrast to prior studies, young Americans are not outpacing older Americans in social–partisan engagement; rather, older Americans are more engaged in every sector of engagement we measure.
Ambientalismo, Utopía y Estética. Elementos para analizar la relación naturaleza – sociedad desde el pensamiento de Theodor Adorno
Authors: Cappuccio Silvana María
Published: September 2019

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es reconocer los fundamentos y valores puestos en juego en la crítica adorniana respecto de las relaciones sociedad - naturaleza, e iluminar su influencia y puntos de convergencia con la crítica ambiental. Para ello, nos proponemos explorar las nociones de historia natural y reconciliación con la naturaleza en dos obras de Theodor Adorno, La idea de historia natural y Teoría Estética. Apoyamos la tesis que sostiene que la demanda derivada de los presupuestos frankfurtianos de necesidad de armonización de los saberes racionales, sensibles, estéticos y espirituales está implícitamente asumida en el desarrollo del ambientalismo como movimiento histórico-vital.
Estudio exploratorio de evaluación de riesgo en la salud de madres lactantes por consumo de pescado contaminado del río Cauca, en el Valle del Cauca (Colombia)
Authors: Zapata Rivera Andrés Mauricio , Paéz Melo Martha Isabel , Mendéz Paz Fabián , Abrahams Chow Nathalie , Artunduaga Trejos Yuly Paola , Ordoñez Jenny
Published: September 2019

Se cuantificó la concentración de cadmio (Cd), mercurio (Hg) y plomo (Pb) en tejido muscular de los peces Prochilodus magdalenae (bocachico) y Chaetostoma spp. (corroncho). Se estimó el riesgo por consumo de estos pescados en la salud de madres lactantes residentes en tres localidades ubicadas en la ribera del río Cauca (una rural y una urbana en el municipio de Cali, y una rural en el municipio de Yumbo). Se cuantificó el riesgo cancerígeno y no cancerígeno usando modelación probabilística con Crystal Ball 11.0Ò, aplicando el modelo de simulación Monte Carlo para cien mil iteraciones. Se obtuvieron las siguientes concentraciones promedio de metales: Cd = 46 μg/kg-1, Hg = 235 μg/kg-1 y Pb = 35 μg/kg-1. Para el mercurio, se encontró que en las dos localidades ubicadas en Cali, los valores de riesgo no cancerígeno y la ingesta semanal tolerable están por encima de los límites máximos permitidos por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos.
A Prior High-Intensity Exercise Bout Attenuates the Vascular Dysfunction Resulting From a Prolonged Sedentary Bout
Authors: Garten Ryan S. , Scott Matthew C. , Zúñiga Tiffany M. , Hogwood Austin C. , Fralin R. Carson , Weggen Jennifer
Published: September 2019

Background: This study sought to determine the impact of an acute prior bout of high-intensity interval aerobic exercise on attenuating the vascular dysfunction associated with a prolonged sedentary bout. Methods: Ten young (24 ± 1 y) healthy males completed two 3-hour sessions of prolonged sitting with (SIT-EX) and without (SIT) a high-intensity interval aerobic exercise session performed immediately prior. Prior to and 3 hours into the sitting bout, leg vascular function was assessed with the passive leg movement technique, and blood samples were obtained from the lower limb to evaluate changes in oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase) and inflammation (interleukin-6). Results: No presitting differences in leg vascular function (assessed via passive leg movement technique-induced hyperemia) were revealed between conditions. After 3 hours of prolonged sitting, leg vascular function was significantly reduced in the SIT condition, but unchanged in the SIT-EX. Lower limb blood samples revealed no alterations in oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, or inflammation in either condition. Conclusions: This study revealed that lower limb vascular dysfunction was significantly attenuated by an acute presitting bout of high-intensity interval aerobic exercise. Further analysis of lower limb blood samples revealed no changes in circulating oxidative stress or inflammation in either condition.
Toward Whole-of-System Action to Promote Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectoral Analysis of Physical Activity Policy in Australia
Authors: Nau Tracy , Lee Karen , Smith Ben J. , Bellew William , Reece Lindsey , Gelius Peter , Rutter Harry , Bauman Adrian
Published: September 2019

Background: The value of a systems thinking approach to tackling population physical inactivity is increasingly recognized. This study used conceptual systems thinking to develop a cognitive map for physical activity (PA) influences and intervention points, which informed a standardized approach to the coding and notation of PA-related policies in Australia. Methods: Policies were identified through desktop searches and input from 33 nominated government representatives attending 2 national PA policy workshops. Documents were audited using predefined criteria spanning policy development, strategic approaches to PA, implementation processes, and evaluation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The audit included 110 policies, mainly led by the health or planning/infrastructure sectors (n = 54, 49%). Most policies purporting to promote PA did so as a cobenefit of another objective that was not focused on PA (n = 63, 57%). An intention to monitor progress was indicated in most (n = 94, 85%); however, fewer than half (n = 52, 47%) contained evaluable goals/actions relevant to PA. Descriptions of resourcing/funding arrangements were generally absent or lacked specific commitment (n = 67, 61%). Conclusions: This study describes current PA-relevant policy in Australia and identifies opportunities for improving coordination, implementation, and evaluation to strengthen a whole-of-system and cross-agency approach to increasing population PA.
A Genome-Based Species Taxonomy of theLactobacillusGenus Complex
Authors: Wittouck Stijn , Wuyts Sander , Meehan Conor J. , van Noort Vera , Lebeer Sarah
Published: September 2019

TheLactobacillusgenus complex is a group of bacteria that constitutes an important source of strains with medical and food applications. The number of bacterial whole-genome sequences available for this taxon has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Despite this wealth of information, the species within this group are still largely defined by older techniques. Here, we constructed a completely new species-level taxonomy for theLactobacillusgenus complex based on ∼2,500 whole-genome sequences. As a result of this effort, we found that many genomes are not classified to their correct species, and we were able to correct these. In addition, we found that some published species are abnormally large, while others are too small. Finally, we discovered at least eight completely novel species that have not been published before. Our work will help the field to evolve toward a more meaningful and complete taxonomy, based on whole-genome sequences.
Localization in the multi-particle tight-binding Anderson model at low energy
Authors: Ekanga Trésor
Published: September 2019

We consider the multi-particle tight-binding Anderson model and prove that its lower spectral edge is non-random under some mild assumptions on the inter-particle interaction and the random external potential. We also adapt to the low energy regime the multi-particle multi-scale analysis initially developed by Chulaevsky and Suhov in the high disorder limit, if the marginal probability distribution of the i.i.d. random variables is log-Hölder continuous and we obtain the spectral exponential and strong dynamical localization near the bottom of the spectrum.
E theory in seven dimensions
Authors: Pettit Michaella , West Peter
Published: September 2019

We construct the nonlinear realisation of the semi-direct product of [Formula: see text] and its vector representation in its decomposition into the subalgebra [Formula: see text] to find a seven-dimensional theory. The resulting equations of motion essentially follow from the Dynkin diagram of [Formula: see text] and if one restricts them to contain only the usual fields of supergravity and the derivatives with respect to the usual coordinates of space–time then these are the equations of motion of seven-dimensional supergravity.
Output force of giant magnetostrictive actuator
Authors: Wu Yan , Liu Xuhui , Guo Tiantian , Qiu Ye
Published: September 2019

A new type of intelligent micro displacement materials, giant magnetostrictive materials (GMM), have a wide range of potential applications in the fields of micro vibrations. In this paper, a novel type of giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA), mainly made by the giant magnetostrictive materials, is designed, and its inner structure and working principle are also discussed. To investigate the output force of giant magnetostrictive actuator, a test system, including the force sensor, data acquisition card and power supply equipment are established. The experimental results show, when the excited current increased from 0.5 A to 2 A gradually, the output force of the giant magnetostrictive actuator also gradually increased, in the condition of the pre-compress force from 100 N to 400 N, the output force of the giant magnetostrictive actuator will also increase with the increasing of the pre-compress force.
A Novel Constant Power Management Controller for Hybrid PV-Battery System
Authors: Raju V. S. N. Narasimha , Premalatha M. , Siva Krishna Rao K D. V.
Published: September 2019

In grid-connected applications, the photovoltaic (PV)-based power generation is getting more attention these days due to several factors like pollution-free, single investment plant, etc. However, it has the drawback of interruption in power generation, which makes it undesirable to power system. In order to overcome this drawback, a constant power is supplied to the grid by integrating energy storage system like battery and/or ultra-capacitor with solar PV. This paper proposes a grid-connected PV-battery-based hybrid power system to deliver a constant power to the grid. Modeling and simulation of solar PV-battery-based hybrid system have been developed and the constant power management controller (CPMC) is ensured to inject constant power at the change in environmental conditions. The simulation result shows the performance of proposed control algorithm to PV-battery-based hybrid system is validated.
Testing dispersion of gravitational waves from eccentric extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
Authors: Yang Shu-Cheng , Han Wen-Biao , Xin Shuo , Zhang Chen
Published: September 2019

In general relativity, there is no dispersion in gravitational waves, while some modified gravity theories predict dispersion phenomena in the propagation of gravitational waves. In this paper, we demonstrate that this dispersion will induce an observable deviation of waveforms if the orbits have large eccentricities. The mechanism is that the waveform modes with different frequencies will be emitted at the same time due to the existence of eccentricity. During the propagation, because of the dispersion, the arrival time of different modes will be different, then produce the deviation and dephasing of waveforms compared with general relativity. This kind of dispersion phenomena related with extreme-mass-ratio inspirals could be observed by space-borne detectors, and the constraint on the graviton mass could be improved. Moreover, we find that the dispersion effect may also be constrained by ground detectors better than the current result if a highly eccentric intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals be observed.
Explicit Integration Algorithm of the Bounding Surface Model Based on Swell–Shrink Rules for Cyclic Behaviors of Clay
Authors: Li Jian , Chen Shanxiong , Jiang Lingfa , Dai Zhangjun
Published: September 2019

Integration algorithm is a key to ensure the better application of the dynamic constitutive model. As for the bounding surface model based on swell–shrink rules in this paper, an explicit integration algorithm based on sub-stepping and error control scheme has be described in detail. For being adaptable to the constitutive model, several modifications have been made. The modified explicit algorithm includes two procedures: the first procedure is the second-order forward modified Euler scheme with sub-stepping and error control; the second procedure is the stress correction. However, due to the shrink rule of the bounding surface, the second procedure is not needed at the unloading phase. Finally, several numerical simulations have been conducted for assessing the performance of the explicit algorithm, which demonstrates that the corresponding algorithm is stable and accurate, and can simulate the mechanical characteristics of the clay pretty well.
A low spatial complexity algorithm to generate combinations with the strong minimal change property
Authors: Torres-Jimenez Jose , Izquierdo-Marquez Idelfonso
Published: September 2019

This work introduces an algorithm that generates all combinations of size [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) of the set [Formula: see text] satisfying the strong minimal change property (SMCP) and requires [Formula: see text] memory space. The algorithm was implemented both iteratively and recursively; the iterative version has the advantage of processing the current combination in only one place of the algorithm, and the recursive version has the advantage of performing few operations to generate the next combination. The recursive version is similar to the algorithm of Eades and McKay because both algorithms have two functions that recursively call each other to generate the combinations; however, in the algorithm of Eades and McKay the depth of the recursion is [Formula: see text], while in our algorithm is [Formula: see text]. Performance comparison against three algorithms having the SMCP show that the recursive version of our algorithm performs better than the other algorithms when [Formula: see text] is large.
Recent progress on strong edge-coloring of graphs
Authors: Deng Kecai , Yu Gexin , Zhou Xiangqian
Published: September 2019

A strong edge-coloring of a graph [Formula: see text] is a partition of its edge set [Formula: see text] into induced matchings. In this paper, we gave a short survey on recent results about strong edge-coloring of a graph.
Mixed Ownership Reforms of China’s State-owned Enterprises
Authors: TONG Sarah Y , YIN Xiangru
Published: September 2019

SOE mixed ownership reform has gained increasing prominence. In addition to government top-design policies, various pilot experiments have been carried out. Additionally, broader and more sophisticated methods are also employed, including stock market listing, capital and asset restructuring, and employee stock ownership plan. However, issues remain. The role of non-state parties that own part of the state firms is still poorly defined, thus their impact is uncertain. Government efforts to strengthen Party leadership have also dampened confidence of non-state investors.
Lanthanum-Induced Radiopaque Intestinal Precipitates: A Potential Cause of Intestinal Foreign Bodies
Authors: Galo Jason , Madrid Bianca , Kupin Warren
Published: September 2019

Lanthanum carbonate is a commonly prescribed oral phosphate binder for use in patients with acute or chronic kidney disease. The elemental form of lanthanum is a soft metal, which will appear radiopaque on a standard X-ray radiograph. This case report illustrates the potential for Lanthanum to masquerade as multiple radiopaque intestinal foreign bodies, leading to the extensive mobilization of medical resources and consultations including serial X-ray monitoring, multiple consultants including acute care and colorectal surgery. Given the few published reports describing this finding in the literature, it is essential to consider Lanthanum precipitates in the differential diagnosis of radiopaque intestinal foreign bodies in patients with chronic kidney disease to avoid unnecessary utilization of medical resources for this predominantly benign condition.
Mixed Acinar-Endocrine Carcinoma (MAEC) Arising in Duodenal Pancreatic Heterotopia
Authors: Bell Phoenix D. , DeRoche Tom C. , Huber Aaron R.
Published: September 2019

Mixed acinar-endocrine carcinoma (MAEC) of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm, consisting of at least 25%–30% of acinar and neuroendocrine populations. Patients are often middle-aged and present with nonspecific symptoms. Imaging typically reveals a solid lesion in the pancreatic head. Management involves surgical resection and the overall prognosis is variable. Here, we present a case of a 48-year-old male who presented with a MAEC arising from duodenal pancreatic heterotopia. This is the one of the first cases, with histologic evidence, of MAEC arising from pancreatic heterotopia.
The Association between ADL Ability and Quality of Life among People with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Brekke Mette Falk , la Cour Karen , Brandt Åse , Peoples Hanne , Wæhrens Eva Ejlersen
Published: September 2019

Background. Occupational therapy and occupational science are founded on the theoretical core assumption that occupation and quality of life (QoL) are closely related. However, such theoretical core assumptions must be supported through empirically based research. Objective. To investigate the association between QoL and occupation, here self-reported and observed ADL abilities as a part of occupation, among people with advanced cancer, including determining whether self-reported or observed ADL ability had the stronger association with QoL. Methods. The study was nested in a cross-sectional study. The association between ADL ability and QoL among 108 people with advanced cancer was investigated using the ADL Interview (ADL-I), the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-C30). Results and Conclusions. Results showed that high observed ADL motor ability was associated with high QoL. In contrast, observed ADL process ability and self-reported ADL ability were not significantly associated with QoL. Oppositely expected, observed ADL ability had a stronger association with QoL than self-reported ADL ability. Thereby, the study to some extent contributes knowledge confirming the theoretical core assumptions about the relation between occupation, here performance of ADL, and QoL.
Channel Characteristics of High-Speed Railway Station Based on Ray-Tracing Simulation at 5G mmWave Band
Authors: Xiong Lei , Miao Haiyang , Ai Bo , Juhana Tutun , Kurniawan Adit
Published: September 2019

In order to satisfy the increasing demand for the higher transmission capacity of “smart station”, millimeter wave (mmWave) technology is expected to play a significant role in the high data rate communication system. Based on the ray-tracing simulation technology, this paper would study wireless channel characteristics of the three-dimensional (3D) model of high-speed railway station at the mmWave band. Key parameters such as path loss exponent, shadow fading factor, delay spread, Rician K-factor, angular spread, power angle spectrum, and spatial correlation are extracted and investigated. These channel characteristics are of value for the selection of antenna arrays and even the design of future 5G communication networks in the railway environment.