bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METODOLOGIAS PARA A INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA: PREPARAÇÃO PARA A PESQUISA CIENTÍFICA E TECNOLÓGICA
Authors: de Oliveira Carneiro Carla Renata , da Silva Lima Adonai Zanoni , de Nazaré Farias Luciana
Published: January 2022

Muito se discute a Iniciação Científica no âmbito acadêmico, contudo metodologias que a promovam desde o início ainda têm sido deixadas de lado em substituição às práticas metodológicas tradicionais que não propiciam o senso crítico do aluno em formação. Daí a relevância do presente trabalho, pois deve-se abrir espaços para discussão de como as instituições de ensino devem envolver o campo da pesquisa científica. Nesta perspectiva, objetivou-se através da pesquisa bibliográfica, encontrar na literatura trabalhos que demonstrassem a importância de metodologias voltadas para a pesquisa, bem como seus desdobramentos advindos desta prática na esfera educacional. Alcançado os objetivos, os resultados mostraram de que ainda existe timidez na prática de metodologias voltadas à Iniciação Científica em anos de formação do aluno, onde os professores ainda se encontram voltados à comodidade das aulas expositivas por diversos fatores, sendo um dos principais a falta de recursos financeiros e tempo no período letivo para as atividades que promovam a pesquisa e o interesse científico dos alunos que estão em formação na educação básica.
Sistem Penentuan Dosis Kebutuhan Pupuk Nitrogen Berdasar Warna Daun (Bwd) Pada Tanaman Padi Dengan Sensor Tcs 3200 Berbasis IoT
Authors: Rusito  , Muhammad Agus Kurniawan
Published: January 2022

Recent technological developments determine humans to be creative in creating tools that implement technology in it with the aim of facilitating human tasks in daily activities. Inappropriate use of fertilizers can cause losses, both losses on fertilizer, on plants, as well as on the soil and the environment around fertilization. Losses on plants such as unhealthy plant growth and susceptible to disease pests, plant yields are not as expected or low. From the background above, the writer found an idea to create a system or tool that can help farmers in determining the dose of Nitrogen fertilizer in their rice plants, through the storage of the dosage data of each land. The user did five scans, from each scan producing RGB values, each RGB value from five samples was then matched with the BWD dose color indicator. The sample dose results are then sent by the NodeMcu microcontroller to the webserver database. Based on the assessment of the test conducted by 10 Users by Gapoktan Farmers Group of Tosari Kendal Village, the total value of 372 that has been averaged to be 37.2 is between 31 - 40 which is classified in the category of "Very Valid or Very Effective".
Rancang Bangun Robot Pemindah Barang Berbasis Mikrokontroler Untuk Monitoring Stok Gudang
Authors: Bima Jodhi Satria  , Sumaryanto
Published: January 2022

This study generally aims to design an information system that can handle problems in putting and sorting goods into warehouses at CV. Sekar Intan KIC Gatsu, Semarang. In terms of using the Information System, CV. Sekar Intan KIC Gatsu, Semarang. In the transfer and sort of goods in the warehouse still using a manual system when the implementation, warehouse employees must take and place the goods to the warehouse that has been determined each - each type of item, so employees must calculate the number of items when the goods take place, here various problems occur, because it requires some HR to manage the warehouse performance process at CV. Sekar Intan.

To support the research, researchers used Research and Development (R & D) research methods through the microcontroller-based moving robot design simulation design stages that have been tested by experts declared valid with Valid validity levels and final product development design simulation prototypes carried out. goods transfer robot uses Arduino IDE development software that is integrated with Arduino Mega 2560, 6 pin line sensor, dc motor, motor driver, servo motor, motor driver, lcd, and has been tested in the field by General Adv. Administration and HRD as users / users and stated to be very effective.

Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that the robot design system developed can overcome the problems in the old system on the CV. Sekar Intan KIC Gatsu Semarang, so as to produce a system that can facilitate work processes and parking processes for employees to be more effective and efficient.
SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA KERUSAKAN MOTOR YAMAHA NMAX MENGGUNAKAN METODE FORWARD CHAINING
Authors: Wiwid Wahyudi  , Khoirur Rozikin  , Afriliawan Indra Permana
Published: January 2022

The recruitment of new mechanics at Mataram Sakti is no longer through the training process at the head office, but new mechanics are placed at the dealership accompanied by the chief mechanic as a supervisor, with the aim of providing training to new mechanics in order to be able to service or periodically repair Yamaha products especially the latest motorbikes namely Yamaha NMAX, because of the flurry sometimes the mechanical head is not in place so that when the mechanic is experiencing problems it cannot directly ask the mechanical head causing the handling of repairs to be less effective and efficient.

One way to overcome this is to create a web-based expert system application with a forward chaining method so that the chief mechanic can transfer the knowledge he has into the computer. Forward chaining method is a search technique that starts with known facts and then matches these facts with the IF part of the IF-Then rules, so that conclusions can be drawn. This expert system was built using supporting software including, Macromedia Dreamweaver MX, PHP script language, MySQL database and WAMP server.

The expert system for diagnosing damage to Yamaha NMAX motorcycles using the forward chaining method can be used as a new mechanical learning media in diagnosing damage to NMAX motorcycles and as a means of chief mechanics transferring their knowledge.
PEMANFAATAN NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING DAN PATTERN MATCHING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI GURU VIRTUAL
Authors: Migunani  , Kevin Aditama
Published: January 2022

Virtual teachers are devices or agents with the function of replacing the role of humans (teachers) with their teaching skills. The virtual teacher also has a function as task facilitator and is presented during training, especially when the teacher is actually not present. The virtual teacher's objectivity is carried out by explaining the subject matter in a virtual environment, for example, virtual independent learning. In the western world, virtual schools are quite widely applied, especially to students who are homeschooling. In a virtual school, all materials, assignments and grades are accessed via the internet. The virtual teacher concept refers to a device that provides guidance and practice. Teachers who are equipped with interactive agent functions that can provide direction and feedback in order to improve student abilities. By utilizing natural language processing (NLP) and pattern matching to help students learn alone without being accompanied by a teacher. NLP is used as a learning tool as outlined in the text of the sentence as part of the learning material which is done virtually. Meanwhile, pattern matching is used to group the questions asked so that the computer can gain an understanding of the questions posed by students. This grouping aims to solve problems with different word order which basically have different meanings. The teacher has the facility to make material, make questions, and answer student questions. A teacher can add knowledge about the database to enrich the source of knowledge for students.
Measurement report: Hygroscopic growth of ambient fine particles measured at five sites of China
Authors: Chen Lu , Zhang Fang , Zhang Dongmei , Wang Xinming , Song Wei , Liu Jieyao , Ren Jingye , Jiang Sihui , Li Xue , Li Zhanqing
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The aerosol hygroscopic growth describes the interaction between aerosols and water vapor, which varies largely depending on the chemical composition, types and emissions of gas precursors under diverse environments. In this study, we analysed size-resolved hygroscopic growth measured at five field sites of China by a Hygroscopic Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (H-TDMA). Results show that the probability density function of hygroscopic growth factor (GF-PDF) at the megacity sites of Guangzhou (GZ), Shanghai (SH) and Beijing (BJ) was generally with bimodal hydrophobic and hydrophilic modes; while a unimodal hydrophilic mode was dominated at the suburb sites of Xinzhou (XZ) and Xingtai (XT) throughout the measured particle size of 40–200 nm. As a result, the more hygroscopic (MH) mode accounts for a number fraction of > 80 % at the suburb sites, compared to only 20–40 % at the megacity sites. Further analysis shows that the GF value increases with the aggravated PM2.5 pollution at the sites (BJ, XZ and XT) of north China, but that is not the case for GZ and SH which are located in the southern regions. The distinct dependence of GF on the variations of PM2.5 concentrations among the sites suggests the spatial variability in particle composition with the evolution of pollution events in different regions of China. Moreover, different particle hygroscopic behaviors during new particle formation (NPF) events were observed at the five sites, reflecting the distinct mechanisms of NPF in diverse atmospheric environments. By including results from more sites, we find that the aerosol particles observed at those suburb sites are basically more hygroscopic than those in megacities. However, a large variability in the hygroscopic parameter κ at a given particle size among different sites is also observed, suggesting a complex impact from local sources and atmospheric processes. The measured dataset is helpful to improve understanding of the formation of fine particles and the regional environmental and climate change.
Carbon-saturated COH fluids in the upper mantle: a review of high-pressure and high-temperature ex situ experiments
Authors: Tiraboschi Carla , Miozzi Francesca , Tumiati Simone
Published: January 2022

Abstract. High-pressure COH fluids have a fundamental role in a
variety of geological processes. Their composition in terms of volatile
species can control the solidus temperature and carbonation/decarbonation
reactions, as well as influence the amount of solutes generated during fluid–rock
interaction at depth. Over the last decades, several systems have been
experimentally investigated to unravel the effect of COH fluids at upper-mantle conditions. However, fluid composition is rarely tackled as a
quantitative issue, and rather infrequently fluids are analyzed in the same
way as the associated solid phases in the experimental assemblage. A
comprehensive characterization of carbon-bearing aqueous fluids in terms of
composition is hampered by experimental difficulties in synthetizing and
analyzing high-pressure fluids without altering their composition upon
quenching. Recently, improved techniques have been proposed for the analyses of
experimental carbon-saturated COH fluids, leading to a significant advancement
in synthetic fluid characterization. Here, we present a review of
carbon-bearing aqueous fluid experiments conducted at lower-crust and upper-mantle P–T (pressure and temperature) conditions, in which fluids have been characterized quantitatively
through ex situ techniques. We review the experimental background of the most
commonly employed thermodynamic models for COH fluids, together with the
techniques to synthetize them and analyze their composition when the fluid
coexists with solid phases. We highlight how a quantitative approach to COH
fluid analyses is a fundamental step to understand the effect of these
fluids at upper-mantle conditions and to provide a strong experimental
foundation to thermodynamic models to ultimately unravel the deep cycling
of elements.
Monitoring the ocean heat content change and the Earth energy imbalance from space altimetry and space gravimetry
Authors: Marti Florence , Blazquez Alejandro , Meyssignac Benoit , Ablain Michaël , Barnoud Anne , Fraudeau Robin , Jugier Rémi , Chenal Jonathan , Larnicol Gilles , Pfeffer Julia , Restano Marco , Benveniste Jérôme
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The Earth energy imbalance (EEI) at the top of the
atmosphere is responsible for the accumulation of heat in the climate
system. Monitoring the EEI is therefore necessary to better understand the
Earth's warming climate. Measuring the EEI is challenging as it is a
globally integrated variable whose variations are small (0.5–1 W m−2)
compared to the amount of energy entering and leaving the climate system
(∼340 W m−2). Since the ocean absorbs more than 90 %
of the excess energy stored by the Earth system, estimating the ocean heat
content (OHC) change provides an accurate proxy of the EEI. This study
provides a space geodetic estimation of the OHC changes at global and
regional scales based on the combination of space altimetry and space
gravimetry measurements. From this estimate, the global variations in the
EEI are derived with realistic estimates of its uncertainty. The mean EEI
value is estimated at +0.74±0.22 W m−2 (90 % confidence
level) between August 2002 and August 2016. Comparisons against estimates
based on Argo data and on CERES measurements show good agreement within the
error bars of the global mean and the time variations in EEI. Further
improvements are needed to reduce uncertainties and to improve the time
series, especially at interannual timescales. The space geodetic OHC-EEI
product (version 2.1) is freely available at
https://doi.org/10.24400/527896/a01-2020.003 (Magellium/LEGOS, 2020).
Accuracies of field CO2−H2O data from open-path eddy-covariance flux systems: Assessment based on atmospheric physics and biological environment
Authors: Zhou Xinhua , Gao Tian , Zheng Ning , Li Yanlei , Yu Fengyuan , Awada Tala , Zhu Jiaojun
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Ecosystem CO2−H2O data measured vastly from open-path eddy-covariance (OPEC) systems by infrared analyzers have numerous applications in biogeosciences. To assess the applicability, data uncertainties from measurements are needed. The uncertainties are sourced from infrared analyzers in zero drift, gain drift, cross-sensitivity, and precision variability. The sourced uncertainties are individually specified for analyzer performance, but no methodology exists to comprehend these individual uncertainties into a cumulative error for the specification of an overall accuracy, which is ultimately needed. Using the methodology for close-path eddy-covariance systems, this accuracy for OPEC systems is determined from all individual uncertainties via an accuracy model further formulated into CO2 and H2O accuracy equations. Based on atmospheric physics and the biological environment, these equations are used to evaluate CO2 accuracy (±1.21 20 mgCO2 m−3, relatively ±0.19 %) and H2O accuracy (±0.10 gH2O m−3, relatively ±0.18 % in saturated air at 35 °C and 101.325 kPa). Cross-sensitivity and precision variability are minor, although unavoidable, uncertainties. Zero drifts and gain drifts are major uncertainties but are adjustable via corresponding zero and span procedures during field maintenance. The equations provide rationales to assess and guide the procedures. In an atmospheric CO2 background, CO2 zero and span procedures can narrow CO2 accuracy by 40 %, from ±1.21 to ±0.72 mgCO2 m−3. In hot and humid weather, H2O gain drift potentially adds more to H2O measurement uncertainty, which requires more attention. If H2O zero and span procedures can be performed practically from 5 to 35 ºC, the poorest H2O accuracy can be improved by 30 %, from ±0.10 to ±0.07 gH2O m−3. Under freezing conditions, an H2O span is both impractical and unnecessary, but the zero procedure becomes imperative to minimize H2O measurement uncertainty. In cold/dry conditions, the zero procedure for H2O, along with CO2, is an operational and efficient option to ensure and improve H2O accuracy.
The Whole Antarctic Ocean Model (WAOM v1.0): development and evaluation
Authors: Richter Ole , Gwyther David E. , Galton-Fenzi Benjamin K. , Naughten Kaitlin A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), including an ice shelf component, has been applied on a circum-Antarctic domain to derive estimates of ice shelf basal melting. Significant improvements made compared to previous models of this scale are the inclusion of tides and a horizontal spatial resolution of 2 km, which is sufficient to resolve on-shelf heat transport by bathymetric troughs and eddy-scale circulation. We run the model with ocean–atmosphere–sea ice conditions from the year 2007 to represent nominal present-day climate. We force the ocean surface with buoyancy fluxes derived from sea ice concentration observations and wind stress from ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis. Boundary conditions are derived from the ECCO2 ocean state estimate; tides are incorporated as sea surface height and barotropic currents at the open boundary. We evaluate model results using satellite-derived estimates of ice shelf melting and established compilations of ocean hydrography. The Whole Antarctic Ocean Model (WAOM v1.0) qualitatively captures the broad scale difference between warm and cold regimes as well as many of the known characteristics of regional ice–ocean interaction. We identify a cold bias for some warm-water ice shelves and a lack of high-salinity shelf water (HSSW) formation. We conclude that further calibration and development of our approach are justified. At its current state, the model is ideal for addressing specific, process-oriented questions, e.g. related to tide-driven ice shelf melting at large scales.
Evaluating a reservoir parametrisation in the vector-based global routing model mizuRoute (v2.0.1) for Earth System Model coupling
Authors: Vanderkelen Inne , Gharari Shervan , Mizukami Naoki , Clark Martyn P. , Lawrence David M. , Swenson Sean , Pokhrel Yadu , Hanasaki Naota , van Griensven Ann , Thiery Wim
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Human-controlled reservoirs have a large influence on the global water cycle. While global hydrological models use generic parametrisations to model human dam operations, the representation of reservoir regulation is often still lacking in Earth System Models. Here we implement and evaluate a widely used reservoir parametrisation in the global river routing model mizuRoute, which operates on a vector-based river network resolving individual lakes and reservoirs, and which is currently being coupled to an Earth System Model. We develop an approach to determine the downstream area over which to aggregate irrigation water demand per reservoir. The implementation of managed reservoirs is evaluated by comparing to simulations ignoring inland waters, and simulations with reservoirs represented as natural lakes, using (i) local simulations for 26 individual reservoirs driven by observed inflows, and (ii) global-scale simulations driven by runoff from the Community Land Model. The local simulations show a clear added value of the reservoir parametrisation, especially for simulating storage for large reservoirs with a multi-year storage capacity. In the global-scale application, the implementation of reservoirs shows an improvement in outflow and storage compared to the no-reservoir simulation, but compared to the natural lake parametrisation, an overall similar performance is found. This lack of impact could be attributed to biases in simulated river discharge, mainly originating from biases in simulated runoff from the Community Land Model. Finally, the comparison of modelled monthly streamflow indices against observations highlights that the inclusion of dam operations improves the streamflow simulation compared to ignoring lakes and reservoirs. This study overall underlines the need to further develop and test water management parametrisations, as well as to improve runoff simulations for advancing the representation of anthropogenic interference with the terrestrial water cycle in Earth System Models.
Aquifer recharge in the Piedmont Alpine zone: historical trends and future scenarios
Authors: Brussolo Elisa , Palazzi Elisa , von Hardenberg Jost , Masetti Giulio , Vivaldo Gianna , Previati Maurizio , Canone Davide , Gisolo Davide , Bevilacqua Ivan , Provenzale Antonello , Ferraris Stefano
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The spatial and temporal variability of air temperature, precipitation, actual evapotranspiration (AET) and their related water balance components, as well as their responses to anthropogenic climate change, provide fundamental information for an effective management of water resources and for a proactive involvement of users and stakeholders, in order to develop and apply adaptation and mitigation strategies at the local level. In this study, using an interdisciplinary research approach tailored to water management needs, we evaluate the past, present and future quantity of water potentially available for drinking supply in the water catchments feeding the about 2.3 million inhabitants of the Turin metropolitan area (the former Province of Turin, north-western Italy), considering climatologies at the quarterly and yearly timescales.
Observed daily maximum surface air temperature and precipitation data from 1959 to 2017 were analysed to assess historical trends, their significance and the possible cross-correlations between the water balance components.
Regional climate model (RCM) simulations from a small ensemble were analysed to provide mid-century projections of the difference between precipitation and AET for the area of interest in the future CMIP5 scenarios RCP4.5 (stabilization) and RCP8.5 (business as usual). Temporal and spatial variations in recharge were approximated with variations of drainage. The impact of irrigation, and of snowpack variability, on the latter was also assessed. The other terms of water balance were disregarded because they are affected by higher uncertainty. The analysis over the historical period indicated that the driest area of the study region displayed significant negative annual (and spring) trends of both precipitation and drainage. Results from field experiments were used to model irrigation,
and we found that relatively wetter watersheds in the northern and in the southern parts behave differently, with a significant increase of AET due to irrigation.
The analysis of future projections suggested almost stationary conditions for annual data. Regarding quarterly data, a slight decrease in summer drainage was found in three out of five models in both emission scenarios. The RCM ensemble exhibits a large spread in the representation of the future drainage trends.
The large interannual variability of precipitation was also quantified and identified as a relevant risk factor for water management, expected to play a major role also in future decades.
Modelling the compound flood hydrodynamics under mesh convergence and future storm surge events in Brisbane River Estuary, Australia
Authors: Khalil Usman , Yang Shuqing , Sivakumar Muttucumaru , Enever Keith , Bin Riaz Muhammad Zain , Sajid Mariam
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Floods are the most common and destructive disasters around the globe, which becomes more challenging in coastal areas due to higher population density and catchment areas relative to floods in an inland area. For effective coastal flood management to reduce flood adverse impacts it is necessary to investigate the flooding processes and their joint interaction in a coastal area. This paper selected the Brisbane River Estuary, Australia as an example, and the MIKE 21 model is applied to investigate the effects of mesh resolution on the flood discharge and to explores compound flooding by computing variances in coastal flood assessments resulting from a separation of tidal and riverine processes. The statistical results showed that the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, E of water level are varied from 0.84 to 0.95 and the model simulated the 2011 flood extent results agreed with 90 % accuracy with the observed flood extent. Five mesh resolutions cases were analyzed and the result found that the finer mesh resolution Case 5 was more appropriate for calculating the peak discharge with 2.7 % with estimated discharge. Compound flood event simulation results emphasized that not considering the interaction of various flooding drivers caused 0.62 m and 0.12 m reduction in the flood levels at Jindalee and Brisbane city gauges, and uncertainties in flood extent. Simulated results of flood at Brisbane city gauge, showed that 2011 and 2013 floods with storm surge scenario 4 demonstrate, the increase in flood level to be 12 % and 34 % respectively. The results recommend flooding assessment by using mesh convergence with joint probability of compound flood under future storm surge for planning and management of coastal projects.
A tectonic-rules based mantle reference frame since 1 billion years ago – implications for supercontinent cycles and plate-mantle system evolution
Authors: Müller R. Dietmar , Cannon John , Tetley Michael , Williams Simon E. , Cao Xianzhi , Flament Nicolas , Bodur Ömer F. , Zahirovic Sabin , Merdith Andrew
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Understanding the long-term evolution of Earth's plate-mantle system is reliant on absolute plate motion models in a mantle reference frame, but such models are both difficult to construct and controversial. We present a tectonic rules-based optimisation approach to construct a plate motion model in a mantle reference frame covering the last billion years and use it as a surface boundary condition for mantle flow models. Our plate motion model results in lithospheric net rotation consistently below 0.25°/Myr, in agreement with mantle flow models, while trench motions are confined to a relatively narrow range of −2/+2 cm/yr since 320 Ma, during Pangea stability and dispersal. In contrast, the period from 600 Ma to 320 Ma, nicknamed here the "zippy tricentenary", displays twice the trench motion scatter compared to more recent times, reflecting a predominance of short and highly mobile subduction zones. Our model supports an orthoversion evolution from Rodinia to Pangea with Pangea offset approximately 90° eastwards relative to Rodinia—this is the opposite sense of motion compared to a previous orthoversion hypothesis based on paleomagnetic data. In our coupled plate-mantle model a broad network of basal mantle ridges forms between 1000 and 600 Ma, reflecting widely distributed subduction zones. Between 600 and 500 Ma a short-lived degree-2 basal mantle structure forms in response to a band of subduction zones confined to low-latitudes, generating extensive antipodal lower mantle upwellings centred at the poles. Subsequently the northern basal structure migrates southward and morphs into a Pacific-centred upwelling while the southern structure is dissected by subducting slabs and disintegrates into a network of ridges between 500 and 400 Ma. From 400 to 200 Ma, a stable Pacific-centred degree-1 convective planform emerges, lacking an antipodal counterpart due to the closure of the Iapetus and Rheic oceans between Laurussia and Gondwana as well as coeval subduction between Baltica and Laurentia and around Siberia, populating the mantle with slabs until 320 Ma when Pangea is assembled. A basal degree-2 structure forms subsequent to Pangea breakup, after the influence of previously subducted slabs in the African hemisphere on the lowermost mantle has faded away. This succession of mantle states is distinct from previously proposed mantle convection models. This Solid Earth Evolution Model for the last 1000 million years (SEEM1000) forms the foundation for a multitude of spatio-temporal data analysis approaches.
Extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb), a key immune evasion protein of Staphylococcus aureus and a potential therapeutic target
Authors: Palma Marco
Published: January 2022

Due to the continued growth of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, it is necessary to explore alternative targets for future therapeutic applications. For this reason, is important to understand the staphylococcal immune evasion mechanisms with a special focus on extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb) and Efb related proteins. Therefore, it was conducted a literature review to compile relevant information on this protein. It was found that Efb has three binding sites with biological relevance that could be used as therapeutic targets with specificity for fibrinogen, platelets, and complements. First, the fibrinogen-binding motifs also found in coagulase block neutrophil αMβ2 adherence to fibrinogen and attract fibrinogen to the bacterial surface, forming capsule-like structures that block phagocytosis. Second, Efb is a potent anti-thrombotic agent, probably related to its P-selectin binding capacity. Efb P-selectin binding blocks the interaction of P-selectin with the PSGL-1 receptor, thereby impairs the mechanisms of platelet-mediated leukocyte recruitment to the site of vascular injury. Third, the Efb complement binding domain, also found in other staphylococcal complement inhibitory proteins like Ecb, Sbi, and SCIN, is responsible for the evasion of the complement-mediated immune response. Efb reduces the formation of C3 convertase and the interaction with neutrophils, affect B-cells activation, and maturation. Efb binding sites have a clear implication on the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus in mastitis, wound infection, staphylococcal pneumonia, and infections related to implanted devices, and contributes to staphylococcal persistence in host tissues and abscess formation in the kidneys. Given the biological relevance of Efb binding sites in staphylococcal infections, they are promising vaccine targets. Additionally, due to the inhibitory effect of Efb on platelets and complements, Efb can be a potential therapeutic agent to treat diseases associated with thrombosis and abnormal complement activity.
Gestión de la educación: un tema de obligatoria discusión en pandemia
Authors: Artigas Wileidys
Published: January 2022

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Determinants of voter participation in Latin American referendums
Authors: Strnad Matyáš
Published: January 2022

Voter turnout in regular parliamentary or presidential elections is a very frequent topic, mainly in the recent debate about its decline.  This article works with several theories explaining variations in voter turnout that are subsequently applied on referendums in Latin America. Referendums as one of the main pillars of direct democracy are not, in this regard, sufficiently scientifically explored topic. In this point of view, the region of Latin America is an ideal environment for research of the given subject, because there are many cases of direct democracy applications in the institutional configuration as well as in practice. Voter turnout in referendums is set into a comparative perspective using regression models that allow the researcher to monitor possible correlations and control explaining values. The analysis employs aggregate data from various statistical databases (e. g. V-Dem, Polity IV, World Bank) as well as secondary data from available comparative literature focused on elections (and referendums) in Latin America. The results indicate very high circumstantiality of referendums and the respective societies that apply them in politics. Some institutional settings have been found to positively influence the turnout, mainly compulsory elections.
إسهامات كلية دهلي في تطوير حركة الترجمة والتحقيق في عصر الاستعمار البريطاني
Authors: Abdul Malik Rasoolpuri
Published: January 2022

This article aims to explore the contribution of Delhi College to the field of translation in the subcontinent during the British colonial era. Translation plays a pivotal role in the exchange of knowledge and culture. Its importance multiplies in learning and teaching foreign languages. Delhi College arranged for the education of its students in oriental studies and Western sciences in their native language. The language of instruction at the college was Urdu. Therefore, it translated the books, which were included in the curriculum of the various classes. This paper analyses the idea of instructing the students in their mother tongue, in this case, the Urdu Language. Then it focuses on the establishment of translation societies and mentions the list of the books, which were translated by these societies. The paper also includes the biographical accounts of some prominent translators who were associated with Delhi College, such as Shaikh Mamlūk al-‘Alī, Shaikh Karīm al-Dīn and others.
الجندر والترجمة: تحديات وحلول
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad Nawaz
Published: January 2022

This study explains the mutual relationship between translation studies and gender studies. It highlighted the term gender, its literal and lexical meaning by focusing on its historical evolution. Furthermore, it discusses various gender issues relating to translation. It emphasizes the challenges and problems of translation due to grammatical and social gender. The problems of translation relating to pronominal gender have been discussed as well. Moreover, this study explains the writing phenomenon of neutral gender. Strategies and possible solutions to various challenges and problems faced by a translator during rendering texts based on gender have also been discussed. The paper concludes with some recommendations and findings.
Analisis Komparatif Harga Pokok dan Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Organik dan Anorganik di Desa Karang Sari Kecamatan Belitang III Kabupaten Oku Timur
Authors: Destiana Via
Published: January 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah:1) Menghitung dan menganalisis perbedaan harga pokok padi organik dan anorganik di Desa Karang Sari Kecamatan Belitang III, 2) Menghitung dan menganalisis perbedaan pendapatan rumah tangga petani padi organik dan anorganik di Desa Karang Sari Kecamatan Belitang III, 3) Menganalisis tingkat sejahteraan keluarga petani dengan menghitung Standar Kebutuhan Hidup Layak (KHL) di Desa Karang Sari Kecamatan Belitang III. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Karang Sari Kecamatan Belitang III Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur (OKUT). Pemilihan lokasi dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive location sampling) dengan pertimbangan mata pencaharian penduduk Desa Karang Sari dibidang pertanian dengan komoditi utama padi. Waktu Pengambilan data penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September sampai Oktober 2018. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan metode survei. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan metode acak berlapis tak berimbang (disproportionate stratified random sampling). Sampel yang diambil pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 40 orang dari total petani sebanyak 394 orang yang terdiri dari 2 lapisan yakni lapisan 1 adalah petani padi organik dan lapisan 2 adalah petani padi anorganik. Metode pengumpulan data primer dan data sekunder. Dari hasil penelitian, harga pokok padi organik sebesar Rp1.202,73 dan padi anorganik sebesar Rp1.304,85 dengan selisih Rp101,12. Secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan harga pokok padi organi dan anorganik. Pendapatan rumah tangga petani padi organik sebesar Rp66.058.201,32 per tahun lebih tinggi dari pendapatan rumah tangga petani padi anorganik sebesar Rp61.983.227,22 per tahun. Secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan pendapatan rumah tangga petani padi organik dan anorganik. Rata-rata standar kebutuhan hidup layak di Desa Karang Sari per lajang Rp1.633.162,52 per bulan. Sedangkan rata-rata kebutuhan hidup layak keluarga petani padi organik sebesar Rp4.613.684,12 per bulan dengan pendapatan sebesar Rp5.504.850,11 per bulan telah memenuhi standar kebutuhan hidup layak dan Rata-rata kebutuhan hidup layak keluarga petani padi anorganik sebesar Rp4.409.538,80 per bulan dengan pendapatan sebesar Rp5.165.268,93 per bulan telah memenuhi standar kebutuhan hidup layak. Secara statistik pendapatan rumah tangga petani padi organik dan anorganik telah memenuhi standar kebutuhan hidup layak dan kategori keluarga sejahtera.
Perception of Abakaliki Residents on Social Media Coverage of Covid-19 Pandemic: Implication for Crisis Management in Nigeria
Authors: C.O. Chukwu , R.A. Ekwunife
Published: January 2022

The spread of new technological tools have significantly promoted globalization and aided ordinary citizens to become news vendors. These technologies beat checkpoints and have limited quality control standards. This study adopted the survey research design to examine the perception of Abakaliki residents on the coverage of covid-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Findings revealed that many discrepancies exist between news management in the social media and professional journalism. Findings showed that the social media carry lots of news items of public interest which the mainstream media ignore. Also, though the social media is stronger in covering official corruption and bad governance, the absence of checkpoints makes it unprofessional. The study recommended the strengthening of social media for complimentary journalism as well as the keeping of a strong data base of all citizens to check the practice.
MATERIALS FOR TEACHING THE TERMINOLOGY OF BODY SYSTEMS IN ENGLISH FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES. A SAMPLE COURSE
Authors: FRÎNCULESCU Iulia Cristina
Published: January 2022

Teaching the terminology of body systems in medical English is a priority for the language lecturer, because in Romania body systems are included in the medical curriculum from the first year of study. This article forwards a sample of an English course for medical students structured around the topic “The Cardiovascular System. Anatomy, Physiology and Semiology”, whose aim is to develop different language skills, by means of original, home-grown exercises.
Concept Analysis of Interpersonal Skills in Nursing
Authors: Rojas Reyes Jennifer , Rivera Álvarez Luz Nelly
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine a broad definition of the term interpersonal skills in nursing.

Materials and methods: This theoretical study follows Walker and Avant’s method of concept analysis to examine the defining attributes of the concept. A literature search on interpersonal aspects of nursing was conducted in databases, e-books, and institutional repositories to recognize the uses, attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents of the concept. Experts on professional and relationship skills were consulted between 2009 and 2019.

Results: This information was analyzed, concluding that interpersonal skills in nursing are defined as the abilities of professional nurses to express their knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and values in relationships with colleages, patients, and their relatives and achieve a humane and person- centered practice.

Conclusion: The concept of interpersonal skills in nursing is limited, given a lack of clarity in practice and research on the indistinct use of terms related to interpersonal skills and interpersonal knowledge. This analysis advances nursing theory towards practice and research.
A Glance at the Barriers and Enablers of the Nursing Role in Pandemics: An Integrative Review
Authors: Reyes-Luna Juan , Jara-Concha Patricia del Tránsito
Published: January 2022

Objective: to analyze the enablers and barriers to nurses’ professional role fulfillment during pandemics and disasters.

Materials and methods: this was an integrative review based on the SALSA analytical method, carried out in eight databases, namely: Medline, Proquest, CINAHL, Web of Science, BVS, SpringerLink, Scopus, and Pubmed. The descriptors used were the following: ‘nurse’s role’ AND ‘pandemic’ AND ‘patient’ AND ‘coronavirus infection’, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Filters along with inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the 11,031 articles found, after which the final sample consisted of a total of 32 articles.

Results: considering the objectives set and the results obtained, it is noted that all actions focused on three main instances, namely: a) training and updating for role performance; b) predictors, enablers, and barriers for exercising the role in the face of a pandemic; and c) evidence of the role in the face of pandemics.

Conclusion: this study allowed understanding both the barriers and the enablers that allow the fulfillment of nurses’ professional role in the face of pandemics or catastrophes. It also clarified that emerging infectious diseases must be addressed in an immediate, collaborative, and multidisciplinary way. Nurses’ experience, leadership, and professional training are key attributes that these professionals possess to enable their role to be more proactive during an emergency situation.
Experience of Post-ICU Syndrome in Critical Disease Survivors
Authors: Henao-Castaño Ángela María , Rivera-Romero Nathaly , Ospina Garzon Heidi Paola
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Surviving Intensive Care Unit (ICU) brings positive and negative feelings, depending on each person’s experience. Likewise, some patients may present with negative mental and physical consequences after discharge, causing a very complex stay at home.

Aim: To understand the experience of critical illness survivors after three months of ICU discharge.

Methods: Hermeneutical phenomenological study using in-depth interviews with 15 adult participants after three months of ICU discharge. Data analysis was made considering Cohen, Kahn, and Steeves’ procedures.

Results: Phenomenological analysis revealed three existential themes: Changes in memory and mood, Changes in day-to-day life, and My body after ICU.

Conclusion: Surviving ICU brings with it positive aspects such as winning a battle against death. However, psychological, emotional, and physical consequences after discharge turn it into an exhausting experience.
Seven Day Safety Net Service
Authors:   Specialist Registrar for Acute Medicine and Geriatrics, MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom, Alexander Lanham David , Khan Tehmeena ,   Acute Medicine Consultant, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Patel Meera ,   Clinical Research Fellow, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Marin Gerald ,   Advanced Clinical Practitioner, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Baxter-Derrington Christopher ,   Health Intelligence, Medicine Board, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Crissell Tracey ,   Performance Business Partner, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Published: January 2022

A seven day safety net telephone service was developed in an acute medical unit at a university hospital in London. The service attempts to provide all patients discharged from acute medicine with patient activated access to a member of the acute medical team. This allows patients to flag deterioration triggering further review in the ambulatory clinic or to ask for advice on symptoms or medication. Here we evaluate the first sixteen months of the service and report on its benefits and limitations.
Eosinophilic fasciitis: experience with a patient and review of the potential mimics
Authors:   Clinical Fellow Higher, Department of Rheumatology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, UK Lecturer, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, Lakmini Dandeniya Chathurika , Fifield Maeve ,   MRCP Specialty trainee in Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, UK, Lebus Caroline ,   Consultant in Acute Internal Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, UK, Shenker Nicholas ,   Consultant in Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, UK
Published: January 2022

Bilateral lower limb swelling is a common clinical scenario with a wide differential diagnosis. We present a young man with gradually worsening bilateral leg swelling, who was diagnosed with eosinophilic fasciitis. A 20 year old Hispanic male presented with a six week history of bilateral lower limb pain and swelling, later involving the upper limbs, but sparing the hands, feet and face. He had initial pitting, followed by non-pitting oedema and had a positive ‘groove sign’. With peripheral eosinophilia, a clinical diagnosis of eosinophilic fasciitis was suspected and was later confirmed on histology. He improved with prednisolone initially and is currently maintained on tapering prednisolone alongside methotrexate.
Ischaemic stroke caused by Group B Streptococcus associated meningoencephalitis in young, immunocompetent adults – a case series and systematic review of literature
Authors:   Clinical Innovation Fellow, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK., Haire Ellen , Whitehouse Ella ,   Foundation Year, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK., Baker Isabel ,   Consultant Microbiologist, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK., Beale Andy ,   Consultant Radiologist, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK. Reviewing material and responsible for obtaining and annotating MRI slides, Gonzalez Laura ,   Consultant Physician, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK., Khan Amna ,   Locum Consultant Stroke Physician, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK, S.C Yiin Gabriel ,   Consultant Neurologist, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK
Published: January 2022

A 51-year-old man presented with mild headache followed by sudden onset of right sided weakness and ysarthria on the background of one week history of right sided sciatica and malaise. He was apparently immunocompetent with only past medical history being hypertension. There was no consumption of tobacco or excess alcohol and he previously had normal liver and renal function.
Il trattamento della sindrome da intestino corto: vecchie e nuove terapie
Authors: Diamanti Antonella , Capriati Teresa , Maggiore Giuseppe
Published: January 2022

Intestinal failure (IF) is an acute or chronic condition characterized by a so severe reduced intestinal function that does not allow a stable nutritional status and a normal child growth. The “so-called” chronic benign intestinal failure (CBIF) is mainly caused by neonatal post-surgical short bowel syndrome (SBS) and less frequently by congenital motility disorders or by structural abnormalities of the intestinal epithelium. The correct management of CBIF requires a multidisciplinary approach whose target is the enteral autonomy that means the weaning from parenteral nutrition, a rescue therapy for these patients. In the last few years, a lot of attention has been paid to the identification of drugs able to stimulate the intestinal adaptation. Among these drugs teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue, approved in Italy for children from January 2021, showed to be effective for the treatment of SBS in children aged one year or more. This intestinotrophic peptide improves intestinal capacity for fluid and nutrients absorption through the induction of mucosal growth and reduction of gastrointestinal motility, thus reducing the need of parenteral support. The paper reports the principal experiences in paediatrics by collecting the results in 104 patients. At present the working group of the Italian Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) is trying to standardize and share how to use teduglutide in Italian specialized setting.
Dermo mail
Authors: Berti Irene
Published: January 2022

Eczema costituzionale; onicomadesi