bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRIMENA KVIZA DOMENSKOG ZNANJA UZ POMOĆ SPHERO ROBOTA U OBRAZOVANJU
Authors: Stojkić Dejan
Published: January 2020

Postoje brojna istraživanja koja govore o tome kako deca u mlađim uzrastima dosta brže uče kroz igru. Tako da smo mi putem Sprk+ robota i desktop igre pokušali da kviz koji je vezan za domenska znanja koja se uče u školi učinimo što zanimljivijim. Istraživačke studije u razvojnoj i kognitivnoj psihologiji ukazuju na to da su uticaji na životnu sredinu važni tokom ranih godina razvoja i da nedostatak neophodnih stimulacija u vezi sa djetetovim razvojem dovodi do toga da djete ne dostigne svoj puni potencijal. U ovom radu su opisane dvije aplikacije koje su u formatu kviza. Prva aplikacija predstavlja kviz koji poseduje određenu grupu pitanja na osnovu koga robot sphero (SPRK+) vrši kretanje. Na osnovu tačnih odgovora iz date aplikacije vrši se pomeranje robota putem sphero EDU aplikacije. U Sphero EDU aplikaciji smo kreirali programe upotrebom javascript programskog jezika. Robot se kreće po ručno napravljenoj mapi koju smo prilagodili određenom domenu znanja. Druga aplikacija predstavlja desktop igru u formatu kviza razvijena putem WPF i OpenGL gde imamo virtualnu mapu na kojoj se kreće 3D objekat na osnovu odgovora iz date igre .
SISTEM ZA LOKALIZACIJU OBJEKATA U ROBOTICI
Authors: Arbanas Miloš
Published: January 2020

U ovom radu analizirano je projekto­vanje sistema koji je u mogućnosti da detektuje željene objekte u okolini robota, a potom i odredi njihovu loka­ciju. Analizirano je više pristupa rešavanju ovog prob­lema, od korišćenja jednostavnih senzora za deteciju boje, do nešto naprednijih koji uključuju manipulaciju nad slikama i mašinsko učenje. Uređaj je praktično realizovan i prikazani su rezultati uspešnosti za nekoliko metoda, na osnovu čega su izvučeni zaključci. Na kraju su predloženi i dalji koraci koji bi mogli dodatno da poboljšaju rad uređaja.
GENERISANJE FORMI ZA POSLOVNE PROCESE KORIŠĆENJEM MAGRITTE RAZVOJNOG OKVIRA
Authors: Miladinović Nina
Published: January 2020

U radu su opisani poslovni procesi, karakteristike formi za unos podataka i programski jezik Smalltalk i njegov dijalekt Pharo. Opisani su razvojni okviri neophodni za implementaciju rešenja. Predstav­ljena su postojeća rešenja uz akcenat na delovima koji se tiču generisanja formi za unos podataka. Predstavljeno je implementirano rešenje, prikazane su klase koje su nosioci rada aplikacije i prikazano je dobijeno rešenje.
Direct and Indirect Benefits of an International Service-Learning Design Project: Educational Effects on Project Members and Their Peers
Authors: Johnson Peter E.
Published: January 2020

It has been well documented that international service-learning design projects in engineering provide many educational benefits to the students involved in these projects. This article addresses the question of whether or not the benefits gained from international
service-learning design projects extend to those students who are not directly involved with these projects but are peers of those who are. To answer this question, graduates of the senior design projects course at Valparaiso University from 2003 to 2008 were surveyed on the course learning objectives, their desire to participate in service-related activities, and their social and cultural awareness. The responses from this survey show that peers of students who experienced an international service-learning design project developed a stronger desire to participate in service-related activities than those alumni who
experienced the course when an international service-learning design project was not offered. The responses also show that these same peers felt they were more aware of societal issues and other cultures as well. This article discusses the senior design course, the international service-learning design project, the survey, the results of this survey, and suggested improvements that will extend the benefits of an international service-learning design project beyond those students with direct involvement to their peers.
The Influence of CEO Narcissism on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure
Authors: Debby Ratna Daniel Kadek Ernawan,
Published: January 2020

This study examined the influence of CEO narcissism on the corporate social responsibility disclosure. The research sample used in the study is mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2018 periods, with a total of 30 companies. Quantitative methods with multiple linear regression data analysis techniques were used in this study. The results of this study supported the research hypothesis that CEO narcissism has positive effects on the corporate social responsibility disclosure. CEO's tenure at the company, CEO ownership of company shares, debt to asset ratio and company size also affect the corporate social responsibility disclosure. The results of the study are consistent with the upper echelon theory that the organization is a reflection of its top management and the characteristics of top management influence the results of the organization. The results of this study contribute to the upper echelon research and corporate social responsibility disclosure.
Analysis of the Influence of Role Stress on Reduced Audit Quality
Authors: Pikar Setiawan Angela Isabel Elinda, Sri Iswati,
Published: January 2020

Reduced Audit Quality is an act of decreasing audit quality that is considered to be a deliberate practice because it reduces the quality of audit work and thereby increasing the possibility of opinion on inappropriate financial statements. Factors affecting reduced audit quality actions arise due to the presence of role conflict, role ambiguity and role overload. This study was conducted to find out the effect of role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload on reduced audit quality. The sampling was conducted using purposive sampling technique. The number of samples obtained was 44 samples. Data were collected using a questionnaire method via Google Forms on auditors working at public accounting firms in the city of Surabaya and Sidoarjo. Data analysis technique used for hypothesis testing was multiple linear regression analysis. The results of hypothesis testing show that role conflict and role ambiguity have no significant effect on reduced audit quality, but role overload has a significant effect on reduced audit quality.
Keterkaitan Pengetahuan dan Perencanaan Keuangan Terhadap Perilaku Karyawan Pria
Authors: Herlina Budiono Hendra Wiyanto, Yohana Ika Putri,
Published: January 2020

Riset ini memiliki tujuan menganalisis dan mengetahui mengenai keterkaitan antara pengetahuan keuangan dan perencanaan keuangan terhadap perilaku keuangan pada karyawan pria yang berpenghasilan tetap yang berdomisili di Jakarta dengan minimal pendidikan terakhir S1. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner sebagai data primer  sebesar 76 responden. Program yang dipakai dalam riset ini adalah SMART-PLS versi 3.2.7 dengan menggunakan model Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pengetahuan keuangan terhadap perilaku keuangan para karyawan pria dan terdapat pengaruh yang positif signifikan antara perencanaan keuangan terhadap perilaku keuangan para karyawan pria.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kepuasan Kerja Dan Kinerja Tenaga Kesehatan
Authors: Oka Suryadinatha Gorda Ayu Eka Aryawati Mariani,
Published: January 2020

Leadership in the workplace is inseparable from spiritual values; therefore, it is very important to instill spiritual moral values for all employees. Nurses and midwives as part of human resources must have high performance and job satisfaction in order to support the achievement of the stated goals by the hospital. This study aims to determine the effect of spiritual leadership, employee engagement, work motivation, and job satisfaction on the performance of health workers in Dharma Yadnya Hospital. This study uses a quantitative approach. The scope of this study is identified as all the employees of Dharma Yadnya Hospital with the sample are 65 respondents. Data was collected by using questionnaires and processed with Partial Least Square (PLS) software. The results of this study showed that spiritual leadership, employee engagement, work motivation have significant effect on the performance and job satisfaction of health workers.
The Effect of Islamic Rural Banks (BPRS) on Regional Economies in Java
Authors: Siti Zulaikha Mauizhotul Hasanah, Faris Kurnia Hakim,
Published: January 2020

The financial sector in a region can spur the pace of economic movements, especially with the contribution of banks in the micro sector as an intermediary tool in channeling funds to productive investments that encourage the real sector, especially in the micro sector, which will produce aggregate output. The purpose of this study is to analyze the extent of the Islamic Rural Bank (BPRS), which is an Islamic microfinance institution for the economy on the island of Java. This study uses secondary data during the period from January 2016 to December 2018. This study uses the Ordinary Least Square Data Panel method. The empirical results show that part of Total Assets does not have a significant negative effect on GRDB. While the total financing and Third Party Funds (TPF) partially does not have a significant positive effect on GRDB. Also, simultaneously the overall independent variables together have a significantly positive effect on GRDB.
Parabolic Effect Between Managerial Ownership And Firm Value To Control Agency Conflict
Authors: R. Amelinda Margarita Ekadjaja, Halim.P. Siswanto, K. Nuringsih,
Published: January 2020

This research attempts to place the ownership structure, which includes managerial ownership, institutional ownership, foreign ownership, and concentration ownership as determinants to predict value of the firm. Managerial ownership will be identified and analyzed on its possibility to form the inverse U-shape relationship pattern, therefore the test on parabolic effect between managerial ownership using Tobin’s Q can be conducted. Meanwhile, such test cannot be conducted to the other three independent variables. This test was applied to non-financial firms whose shares were listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2000-2017. The result of panel data regression test concludes that managerial ownership can predict value of the firm, while it is not for institutional ownership and foreign ownership.
La universidad desde la perspectiva del pensamiento complejo: Un acercamiento al problema de la transformación universitaria
Authors: Ochoa Contreras Octavio A.
Published: January 2020

Este trabajo tiene como propósito central explorar y proponer una estrategia cognitiva que permita analizar a la universidad como un objeto complejo de estudio y transformación. La tarea comienza con el reconocimiento de que la realidad universitaria se expresa en múltiples dimensiones y que, por lo tanto, no debiera ser observada sólo de manera unitaria o parcial. El esfuerzo se fundamenta en la perspectiva aportada por el pensamiento complejo, desarrollada por el teórico francés Edgar Morin; esta manera de mirar el mundo representa un giro epistemológico que, en nuestra opinión, puede resultar muy productivo.
Technology Integration to Assess End-point Oil Saturation of the Relative Permeability Curves
Authors: Alghazal Mohammed , Alshakhs Mohammed , Bouaouaja Mohammed
Published: January 2020

Quantification of the end-point oil saturation of the relative permeability curves is an essential part of building a reliable simulation model to better capture the flow dynamics. A key challenge is to reduce measurement uncertainties and overcome technology limitations. Particularly for water flooded heterogeneous reservoirs with mixed salinity environment, it is vital to combine multiple sources of oil saturation measurements to substantiate end-point results. In this paper, a new workflow is established to estimate the oil end-point oil saturation by integrating specialized logging and core analysis techniques.

This workflow examines data collected from both ends of a reservoir's scale spectrum that represent macro and micro scales, ranging from field in-situ electrical logging to plug-size lab experiments. The dataset incorporates oil saturation data acquired from sponge coring, centrifuge test, dielectric log, and carbon-oxygen log. The oil saturation data are clustered based on a set of petrophysical hydraulic flow units. The data sufficiency and quality are evaluated from the statistical analysis of the distribution profiles. The high uncertainty measurements are filtered out for spurious points and also for the log results that are beyond the tools' threshold.

The saturation data collected from different logging and coring methods are compared per rock type. Despite the variety of scale and techniques used, the workflow yields consistent results. The centrifuge test is used as the primary source of the end-point oil saturation. For hydraulic units with low reservoir quality, sponge core results are used to derive end-point oil saturation in the absence of centrifuge data. Additionally, in-situ saturation data derived from dielectric and carbon-oxygen logs are in a close agreement to sponge core data, which are used to corroborate the derived end-point oil saturations.

The approach highlighted in this work can be used as a benchmark for future studies. There is no unique practice in the oil industry for the determination of the end-point oil saturation and there are very few comprehensive studies in the literature. The workflow presented here is validated by implementation to a diverse dataset, which is used to characterize relative permeability curves in the reservoir simulation model.
Use of Foam Cement to Prevent Shallow Water Flow on Three Wells in Norwegian Waters
Authors: Odden Dan Adrian , Lende Gunnar , Rehman Khahlil , Lilledal Lars , Smyth Callum , Diesen Morten , Bjørnstad Linn , Laget Morten
Published: January 2020

In certain areas of the Norwegian waters, shallow pressurized sands containing either gas or water occasionally create problems during drilling and surface casing installation. In 2018, an operator drilled three wells in the Norwegian waters with such special challenges. In this case the challenge was water flow but not gas. The NORSOK D010 shallow gas flow potential was classified as zero.

Each of the wells had a shallow water flow challenge in an over-pressured sand that normally would require setting a shallow 20-in. surface casing and a riser installation before passing the zone to enable controlling the pressure on the sands using weighted drilling fluid; also requiring a 17-in. liner installation to cover the sand before further drilling. If the surface casing could be set deep enough to cover the over-pressurized sands, substantial savings could be obtained on each well by eliminating the need for an additional section and installation of an extra liner or casing. Furthermore, a deeper-set surface casing would reduce the risk of not obtaining an adequate leak-off test below the shoe. A deep-set surface casing would also allow for down-scaling the well from 20-in. to 13-3/8-in. surface casing.

A riserless drilling fluid return system allows for controlling the pressure while drilling, but this has to be turned off during cementing as cement is expected in returns. The use of conventional cement systems would potentially put the well in under-balance for a substantial period of time and consequently potentially result in a water-flow situation requiring a re-spud, as has been the case for a reference well in the area in which substantial downtime was experienced due to water flow after cementing the surface casing.

The solution was a riserless drilling fluid return system during drilling, followed by a tailored cement solution. A tailored spacer and foam cement system were deployed; the short transition time of the cement and the inherent compressibility of foams both reduced the exposure time in under-balance. The solution was successfully deployed on all three wells with no flow observed post placement. This paper will detail this successful case study.
High-Performance Water-Based Drilling Fluid Proved an Environmentally-Friendly Alternative for Time-Sensitive Shales in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Elbatran Ahmed , Labib Assem , Megally Fady
Published: January 2020

As operators are drilling more and more complex wells in technically demanding basins; they are also looking to be cost effective and to minimize impact on the environment. This has driven the industry in recent past to develop and use high-performance water-based drilling fluids (HPWBDF). A drilling fluid that has performance like oil-based drilling fluids and environmental acceptance of water-based drilling fluids is the need of the times.

In the whole Gulf region, wellbore instability is a major cause of nonproductive time. Drilling time-dependent shale formations have always been challenging; hole instability, tight hole, back reaming, and well packoff have been experienced in both vertical and highly deviated wells. These formations have a combination of reactive and dispersive clays in the shale formation, interbedded formation sequences, microfractures, and sometimes they can be tectonically stressed and overpressured with high-stress anisotropy. Such features make these formations time sensitive and highly unstable, thus they need multiple levels of inhibition. For this reason, oil-based drilling fluids are fluids of choice for many operators.

In current times, the exceptional drillability of nonaqueous drilling fluids in high-angle, long-reach horizontal wells is offset by tremendously high logistical and waste-management costs that can account for half of the total drilling fluids cost. Recognizing these challenges, a novel HPWBDF was developed that could provide high level of inhibition and an excellent environmental and logistical footprint.

This paper presents a successful application of a new HPWBDF using a unique triple inhibition approach. The system exceeded customer's requirements by successful execution of all well objectives. The client used this system in three consecutive sections instead of the single planned section. This solution has the potential to be used as an alternative to oil-based fluids in all similar formations drilled across the Middle East.
Replaceable and Upgradable Intelligent Completion
Authors: Fripp Michael , Ornelaz Richard , Greci Stephen
Published: January 2020

Intelligent completions provide exceptional control over the wellbore, maximizing production and ultimate recovery. A new method of creating an intelligent completion is proposed which allows the critical components to be replaced without pulling the completion string. This paradigm shift enables incorporating newer technology, broader features, faster development time, and building a completion that can be tailored to the needs of the formation and the conditions in the market.

The oilfield has made use of through-tubing replaceable completion tools within completions for decades in the form of gas lift mandrels and similar devices. More recently, the types of replaceable tools have broadened to include completion tools such as replaceable inflow control devices and through-tubing pressure sensors. This paper describes building a replaceable intelligent completion that is a through-tubing retrievable part of the permanent completion.

Reliability in traditional completions is achieved by long-duration testing all of the components which results in designs that are technically conservative and a reliance on parts that have been previously proven. An intelligent completion where the critical components are replaceable is a paradigm shift. Replaceable downhole tools allow for retrieving and upgrading these tools as components fail, as the wellbore changes, as market conditions change, or as new technology arises. A retrievable completion also reduces the risk in the business case because the functionality of new tools can be evaluated with reduced upfront testing. The simplification of the business case further relaxes the intensity of component testing, which further reduces the development cost and continues to simplify the business case. For the electronics alone, retrievability reduces the development time, even including the acceleration with higher-temperature Arrhenius-style testing.

The new retrievable intelligent completion is a reconfigurable completion with simplified technological development and business case. The paper describes completion applications where these advantages outweigh the costs in intervention cost, replacement risk, and operational limitations.
Challenges of Installing ESP in Natural Flow Wells
Authors: Hussain Wadah
Published: January 2020

In natural flowing wells, the energy source is the reservoir pressure. The pressure that makes the oil flow from the reservoir to the bottom of the well is known as the flowing bottom hole pressure. When bottom hole pressure is relatively high, the pressure can raise the oil to the wellhead, and even into the gathering manifolds and the separator, with time the reservoir pressure depleted gradually which will decline the natural flow rate, when the rate becomes less than the commercial rate the artificial lift method will be used to overcome losses in reservoir pressure.

Electrical submersible pump (ESP) is one of the most efficient artificial lift methods used in the oil industry for lifting moderate to high volume of fluids from wellbores to surface, proper sizing and selecting of the ESP system mainly depends on accurate data especially that pertaining to the well’s capacity, if the given data is not accurate then the design will usually be marginal and lead to premature failure.

Here we present cases of premature failures in electrical submersible pump (ESP) system due to natural flow and suggest approaches to minimize the effects of natural flow on the ESP system.

Natural flow was the root cause of premature failure with direct impact on ESP components for fourteen wells, and the effect of natural flow on ESP components has been classified into two cases:

ESP pump failure due to the natural flow force.

ESP power cable failure due to Erosion/Corrosion.

Using Dismantle, Inspection and Failure Analysis (DIFA) reports and history of target wells in this study, we will analyze the data for each case separately to get conclusions and recommendations to deal with the effects of natural flow on ESP components.

In the first case, diverting oil flow through ESP system while the well is naturally flowing might damage internal components of the ESP pump in case the flow rate is more than capacity of the pump, or even keeping the pump running out of recommended operating range (ROR) will lead to pump premature failure.

In the second case in harsh environments like natural flowing wells with high amount of free gases and corrosive due to sour gases, the right selection of ESP cable is critical and the proper choice of its type in many cases has a direct impact on the life of the ESP installation, which will be proven in the conclusion of the second case.

Based on the conclusions for each case, this paper will provide recommendations to minimize the effects of natural flow on ESP system to avoid premature failures for such cases.
Optimized Drilling Fluid and Tailored Practices Help to Successfully Complete Wells Drilled Along the Minimum Horizontal Stress Direction
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Megally Fady , Javay Alexandre , Nafi Mohamed Khalil
Published: January 2020

From a drilling operation's perspective, the wells drilled in the direction of maximum horizontal stress are ideal as they have less risk of wellbore instability. However, when these wells are hydraulically fractured, the fracture grows along the wellbore in the direction of well azimuth. To avoid overlapping of two adjacent induced fractures and thereby communication between stages, only two to three multistage treatments can be performed.

To increase production and enhance recovery, operators now drill horizontal wells along the minimum horizontal stress direction to generate multiple transverse fractures during the stimulation stage. However, drilling along the minimum horizontal stress direction requires higher mud weights and advanced geomechanics studies to minimize wellbore instability due to prevailing in-situ stress conditions. This increased mud weight leads to higher differential pressures across the depleted reservoir layers, which when coupled with formation instability, creates greater challenges such as stuck pipe and formation breakdowns. During the completion phase, the stiff multistage fracturing string containing multiple packers makes it more difficult to run through a slim hole, resulting in multiple failures, stuck pipe events, and nonproductive time.

While drilling horizontal and high-angle wells in a giant onshore gas field, production holes are drilled through many reservoir layers. A few are highly depleted and the rest are highly pressurized. A high degree of skill is required to design and manage drilling fluids and drilling practices so that the depleted layers seal efficiently, thus preventing the development of a thick filtercake and differential sticking incidents.

This paper outlines a successful neoteric methodology adopted in these challenging wells in a deep gas drilling lump-sum turnkey project in the Middle East after a detailed analysis of offset data and failure incidents. The outstanding performance achieved by adaptation in operational procedures while using the existing setup in both drilling and completion phases, challenges while implementing the strategies, and comparison of results with previous drilling techniques will also be covered to help operators drill successfully in similar conditions.
Plant Performance Monitoring Via an Automated Plant Integrity Window
Authors: Alghamdi Ibrahim , Alrashed Firas
Published: January 2020

This paper demonstrates an innovative technique that will enhance plant operation efficiency and stability. This technique relies on generating an automated report from the Plant Integrity Window (P I W) system to monitor plant critical process parameters. An automated algorithm was used to categorize selected critical process parameters then generate a daily report, which allows plant operation and management to have a general overview of a plant's performance. The daily report shows any process parameter exceedance in terms of performance, integrity or safety at each operating plant. Therefore, it will provide the plant operation an opportunity to have a more accurate and timely corrective action.
39% Increase in Footage and 50% Decrease in Drilling Dysfunctions Achieved via Implementation of Shaped and Multidimensional Inserts in the Slimhole Lateral Section through Hard Carbonates
Authors: Alraheb Mahmoud , Lyons Nicholas , AlDarwaish Ayman
Published: January 2020

Drilling operations in the Middle East contain many applications where extended reach laterals target hard and interbedded carbonate reservoirs. Such applications are associated with elevated levels of drilling dysfunctions resulting in tool reliability and bit durability issues. These challenges include lateral and torsional vibrations that impact the drilling system longevity and premature cutting structure damage resulting in multiple drilling trips and an increase of nonproductive time (NPT). To address the lateral stability and loss of drilling efficiency challenges of drilling hard carbonates, this paper explores three new concepts applied to drill polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit design.

The 5.875′ Slimhole section through hard carbonate of the Middle East was identified as the target application. A study of existing PDC drill bit performance in this section was conducted to determine current design limitations and set objectives. After optimizing the cutting structure and overall PDC bit frame, three new design concepts were also incorporated.

Targeting lateral stability, a "chisel" shaped diamond element (SDE) was placed trailing the cutting structure to provide a stable drilling response. Multiple iterations were studied to optimize the bit lateral stability without compromising bit efficiency. The iterations included changing the radial position, the count and orientation angle of these elements.

Non-planar faced PDC inserts were strategically placed on the bit cutting structure to reduce the cutting temperatures during rock cutting, and increase the drilling efficiency.

Depth of cut control (DOCC) rubbing elements are commonly used to mitigate stick-slip dysfunctions, but standard DOCC elements wore down too quickly to maintain their function. An impregnated blade based DOCC rubbing element was implemented to maintain the stick-slip protection throughout the length of the run.

The new PDC bit design completed six successful field trials in the target section and achieved an average increase of 39% in footage and 11% in rate of penetration. Validation of the design concepts via comparing surface data, downhole vibrations data and the bit dull condition showed marked improvements in the desired metrics. A step change improvement of 50% in the level of lateral vibrations and torsional stability was achieved due to the combination of the SDE and the impregnated DOCC elements. The bit drilled consistently smoother protecting the bit & BHA. Final dull conditions also improved with a reduction in broken or chipped cutters across the cutting structure due to MCE inserts.

Combination of innovative geometries and materials targeting stability and efficiency significantly increased performance, reduced NPT and lowered tool maintenance costs in one iteration.
Cooling Tower Resonance Mitigation Through Vibration Analysis.
Authors: Torrie Sean
Published: January 2020

Condition monitoring, or CM is the process of monitoring machinery parameters such as vibration and temperature trends at routine intervals, in order to identify any significant change which may indicate developing faults. Vibration Analysis may be considered as one of the most predominant CM techniques used industry wide to carry out predictive maintenance and analysis on rotating equipment. Fault conditions such as unbalance, misalignment, resonance, hydraulic and aerodynamic forces can be detected using a variety of vibration tests and analysis methods.

Saudi Aramco Shaybah NGL Recovery Plant Department experienced a failure on a cooling tower right angled gearbox during commissioning. The root cause identified was insufficient lubrication. Although this gearbox was fitted with online fixed instrumentation, set points were too lenient. However, offline vibration troubleshooting techniques highlighted a resonance issue and provided the necessary data to rectify and resolve the high vibration on the fan.

Mitigation steps taken included a thorough evaluation of the existing gearbox protection design and Velometer selection. Further vibration data was collected with a portable device for two main reasons: firstly for comparison with the fixed Velometer readings and secondly to measure in the horizontal axis, which is perpendicular to the fixed position. Higher amplitudes were recorded in the horizontal axis as the vertical position where the Velometer is fixed, due to the orientation of the gearbox supporting beam. Resonance or bump tests were conducted on the gearbox to investigate the elevated amplitudes recorded in the horizontal plane. Bump tests proved that the natural frequency of the gearbox coincided with the cooling fans blade pass frequency (BPF). Resonance was proven, therefore had to be addressed in order to avoid component deterioration and imminent failure. Cost and repair or down time was paramount in finding the solution and implementation on all four cooling fans. Fundamentally, the most effective solution was to separate the fan blade pass and the natural frequencies of the right angled gearbox. Removing a resonance condition would reduce the overall vibration amplitude and extend the component life span of the cooling tower rotating parts.

This paper will detail the steps taken to investigate and rectify the mechanical failure. In addition it will discuss the relevance of an effective predictive maintenance strategy and the importance of verifying the design of fixed or permanent instrumentation.
Using Data Analytics and Manage by Exception Methodology to Analyze, Confirm and Predict Well Behavior Using Integrated Modeling Approach
Authors: Cornwall Rachelle Christine , Nuimi Saber Mubarak Al Nuimi , Tripathi Deepak Tripathi , Hidalgo Melvin Hidalgo , Soni Sandeep Soni , Isambertt Jose Isambertt
Published: January 2020

A workflow-based approach was implemented to improve the efficiency of Integrated Asset Operations Model (IAOM) processes and to enhance the reliability of production profiles. This approach is based on automated validation, data analytics, and management-by-exception rules to improve the work process efficiency and to reduce manual interventions.

Various IAOM processes are dynamically integrated with the ADNOC corporate database to fetch the various well and facility measurement in real-time. The process starts with the well test parameter validation in the IAOM system to ensure that validated parameters are updated within a well model. This process makes sure that the validated models can be utilized for the further optimization scenario and forecasting scenario to support the business plans.

The IAOM processes were implemented throughout a large asset with multiple fields encompassing different lift types, including natural flow, gas lift, and ESP. Automatic validation and in-built management-by-exception methodology reduced the requirement for engineering analysis significantly in various workflows such as almost 70% reduction of analysis time in production test validation and almost 95% reduction in the well technical rate determination. Moreover, the estimation of the production capacity scenario was almost 98.8% accurate with respect to the real field measurement. Such a level of accuracy enhanced the confidence in the model estimation and hence the production forecasting scenario was carried out to make sure that the business plans can deliver the desired production target.

Such an all-inclusive integrated process allowed the identification of true field potential and hence the full utilization of various work processes discussed in this paper. The exception-based approach helps the engineers to focus on engineering problems rather than just data validation.
Confirmation of Pre-Inspection Cleanliness by Transient Dynamics Analysis
Authors: Stewart Neil , Jack Graham
Published: January 2020

Pipelines require inspection for integrity to regulatory reasons. Pipeline operators put significant effort into planning and conducting inspections, with the pre-inspection cleaning campaign often being lengthy and costly because of the need to minimize the risk of a failed inspection due to cleanliness issues. Current methods for monitoring a pipeline's cleanliness rely on theoretical modelling and human interpretation of factors, such as debris removed from pipelines, rather than measurement of actual pipe cleanliness. This paper details a solution to this challenge using transient dynamics analysis.

The method is based on analyzing the signal response generated by a pressure wave transiting the pipeline as it is affected by geometrical changes in the system. By capturing high-resolution pressure measurement on an ultra-high-speed logger, the generated pressure wave can be recorded for analysis. Applying acoustic velocity gradient modeling to the measured data in conjunction with effect of the system and the fluid parameters, the profile of the internal bore of the system can be found, and the deposit on the pipe wall can, therefore, be accurately determined.

This paper details how the theory behind the method is confirmed by results observed when used during a controlled, full-scale field-trial environment in addition to subsequent activities to survey system profiles. A case study is presented demonstrating that the method enables operators to make decisive asset-performance decisions and review deposit buildup in a safe and cost-effective manner without having to stop production. The theoretical method for the calculation of acoustic velocity for a known system and fluid parameters is shown to be accurate within tolerances compared to the acoustic velocity gained in the field by recording the time of flight between two known points. It is demonstrated that restrictions can be detected to a level of accuracy of ±3 mm of thickness, as verified by comparison with other debris detection methods.

The described analysis is a unique method for determining the cleanliness of pipelines which can offer significant advantages from traditional methods. It can provide information in a repeatable and verified level of accuracy without the requirement for expensive and time-consuming intrusive intervention, which enables operators to execute and verify pre-inspection cleaning in the most efficient and cost-effective manner, thus maximizing the likelihood of a successful inline inspection run.
A Case Study Using 3D Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation of a Fully Integrated Subsurface 3D Reservoir Model in an Unconventional Tight Gas Reservoir
Authors: Izadi Ghazal , Mahrooqi Shabib , Shaibani Mahmood , Dobroskok Anastasia , Guises Romain , Barton Colleen , Ghadimipour Amir , Randazzo Santi , Bratovich Matt , Tinnin John , Walles Frank , Khamatdinov Rafael , Franquet Javier , Perumalla Satya , Freitag Hans-Christian
Published: January 2020

Several wells have been drilled and stimulated in a tight gas field in Middle East, however, very few have been economic. Many wells encountered difficulties pumping the required treatment and a number of horizontal wells did not produce as expected. A fit-for-purpose integrated subsurface model coupling geophysical, petrophysical, and geomechanical models with fully 3D hydraulic fracture simulation modeling was carried out to provide the operational path forward to overcome these challenges. This study is a showcase of the applicability of our integrated approach to simulate fluid flow and proppant placement within complex, naturally fractured reservoirs where the interaction between induced fractures and natural fractures dominates hydraulic fracture propagation [Izadi et al. 2015; Cruz et al. 2016; Izadi et al. 2017; Izadi et al. 2018; Cruz et al. 2018]. Seismic data calibrated with rock physics analyses were used to delineate structural components and incorporate rock properties into the high-fidelity 3D subsurface model. High porosity zones and areas of high natural fracture intensity were identified with seismic acoustic impedance and geometric attributes. Reservoir properties of porosity, permeability and gas saturations vary across this field. Variations in geomechanical parameters correlate spatially with variations in porosity and permeability. This paper demonstrates a methodology to evaluate reservoir heterogeneities on hydraulic fractures propagation through fully 3D simulations at a planned well's location.
Who Needs Two Trips? Remotely Activated Downhole Tools Facilitate a Deep-Water Single-Trip Completion. A Case Study of the First Deployment.
Authors: Murdoch Euan , Walduck Steve , Munro Chris , Edwards Andrew , Choquet Caroline , Tee Choon Yau
Published: January 2020

Successfully deploying a single-trip completion system in a deepwater environment requires an innovative technical solution to address the risks that come with this environment. Following a request from the operator for a deep-water single-trip solution, a number of different system options were proposed. Each system was evaluated against the operator's requirements, and a radio frequency identification (RFID) technology-based system was selected as it offered the greatest flexibility in both activation and contingency methods to meet the demands of the project.

It was proposed to hold a 2 stage system integration test (SIT) at a test rig in Aberdeen. The first SIT was performed with a small number of tools that could be setup in different modes to prove the system's logic against the operator's expectations. While this was conducted successfully, a number of learnings and operational optimisations were captured. These were fed into a full-scale SIT, which was deployed at the same test rig. This second SIT involved a complete representation of the single- trip system, and was designed to test the final system logic prior to deployment into an offshore environment.

The system was then installed successfully in November 2018, on a subsea well, offshore Nigeria with no intervention. It resulted in an operational time saving of at least 60% over the previous best recorded time for a conventional two-trip completion from the same rig. This represented a step change in operational efficiency and will now be the operator's base case completion methodology as they develop the field further.

This is the first time a single-trip completion has been deployed in this fashion in a deep-water, offshore environment. The demonstrable step change in operational time and resultant project OPEX savings, proves that the use of RFID and remote actuated tools within completions offer excellent alternatives to traditional methods.
Simultaneous Injection and Fracturing Interference Testing SIFIT – A Novel Technique
Authors: Larbi Zeghlache Mohamed , Berkane Mustapha , Soleiman Wael
Published: January 2020

Wireline formation testers (WFTs) are a major component of providing quantitative geomechanical information obtained through induced hydraulic fractures, commonly called (Micro-Frac). This type of information is used to infer critical data such as borehole stability studies, field stress mapping, stimulation planning, seal integrity tests, and other applications. Likewise, vertical interference testing (VIT) conducted with WFTs provides valuable information about flow barriers, zone connectivity, and quantitatively determine localized horizontal and vertical permeabilities. Both techniques are used over separate stations and different depths as it may involve different hardware in different trips in the wellbore. In this paper, a novel technique to combine both tests simultaneously using an optimized hardware configuration and interpretation will be demonstrated.

Pressure tests data in low permeability reservoirs is commonly affected by "super-charging" fluid that leaks into the invaded zone from hydrostatic pressure and cannot quickly dissipate, thereby making it difficult to accurately obtain true formation pressure measurements. This, in turn, affects the VIT tests where the pressure response at the observation point is influenced by the supercharged pressure resulting in erroneous calculation of vertical permeability. By initiating a micro-fracture while monitoring its response, this provides a better estimate to reservoir pressure and improves VIT success in low permeability formation.

The combination of a Micro-Frac and VIT test at the same depth provides unique information about the reservoir and may enhance the data quality on these stations. Not only the safety and cost are positively impacted in improving the operational efficiency. New methods and techniques can emerge from the utilization of this methodology and improve reservoir understanding and characterization. In fact, a feasibility test using this unique approach was conducted and validated in a carbonate reservoir. The results indicate that the created micro-fractures provide a means of dissipating the "super-charging" effect masking the true formation pressure and reduce the uncertainty in the calculated reservoir properties using the VIT data.

This technique may be further developed to include, for future implementation, other sensors at different places and positions in the downhole modular tools in order to acquire more information that will bring novel insight on the tested reservoir zones.
Advanced Offshore Digital Inspection Methods
Authors: Anderson Stephen , Barvik Sigve
Published: January 2020

The paper describes an innovative digital inspection methodology that combines 3D laser scanning, metrology and advanced NDT data that is merged in 3D space to provide a digital record of the condition and mechanical integrity of critical assets. This advanced inspection method compliments Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) programs where operators can use Real Time Monitoring (RTM) and digital data to support Digital Twin models in order to determine future equipment condition, work scope, and inspection schedules, while maintaining a complete digital record throughout the equipment lifecycle

Testing of the methodology has included 3D scanning of drill platforms, baseline scanning of BOPs, 3D metrology scanning of sheaves for quality assurance purposes as well as the use of augmented reality for viewing 3D scans. Phased Array testing has been conducted on a range of equipment sub-components such as BOP and slew ring bolting. This data is combined into a digital report that shows the 3D image of the equipment with precise dimensional data (+/-5 microns) and identified areas of phased array inspection data. Such reports can then be used for digital twin models, to confirm integrity of the equipment for Certificate of Conformance as well as providing baseline data for future integrity comparisons as the equipment ages.

This innovative and digital 3D inspection methodology will set a new standard for the industry as to how equipment data is captured, stored, and represented. The process provides a range of benefits for OEMs, drilling contractors, and operators alike, including:

Digital quality programs to baseline new equipment condition and compare with design parameters.

Deliver condition and integrity assessments of critical equipment items in-situ or on deck.

Providing a consistent methodology for inspection and dimensional control of operational equipment items.

Provide precise equipment digital data that can be used in digital twin and real time monitoring programs.