bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pipeline Multitype Artifact Recognition Method Based on Inception_Resnet _V2 Structure Improving SSD Network
Authors: Zheng Yi
Published: February 2022

A fast recognition method for assembly line workpieces based on an improved SSD model is proposed to address the problems of low detection accuracy and lack of real-time performance when existing target detection models face small-scale targets and stacked targets. Based on the SSD network, the optimized Inception_Resnet _V2 structure is used to improve its feature extraction layer and enhance the extraction capability of the network for small-scale targets. The repulsion loss (Reploss) is used to optimize the loss function of the SSD network to solve the problem of stacked workpieces. The issue of difficult detection is improved. The robustness of the algorithm is enhanced. The experimental results show that the improved SSD target detection method improves the detection accuracy by 9.69% over the traditional SSD map. The detection speed meets the real-time requirements, which is a better balance of detection real time and accuracy requirements. The algorithm can recognize small-scale and stacked targets with higher category confidence, better algorithm robustness, and better recognition performance compared to the same type of target detection algorithms.
Unique Generators for Cyclic Codes of Arbitrary Length over Fpmu/u3 and Their Applications
Authors: Li Hongju , Yu Ping , Liang Jing , Zhao Feng
Published: February 2022

Cyclic codes play a very important role in the history of coding theory since they have good algebraic structures that can be widely used in coding and decoding. However, generators for repeated‐root cyclic codes of arbitrary length over are not unique in previous works for k ≥ 3, and hence it is impossible to determine their dual codes. In this work, we propose unique generators for cyclic codes of arbitrary length over . As its applications, we derive the numbers of their codewords, as well as generators for their dual codes. Furthermore, we propose necessary and sufficient conditions for their self‐dualities.
Design and Calibration of Torque Measurement System of Comprehensive Performance Test Instrument of Industrial Robot Reducer
Authors: Yu Zhen , Qiu Zurong , Li Hao , Xue Jie , Hu Wenchuan , Wang Chenglin
Published: February 2022

The measurement of input and output torque of a precision reducer, the core component of an industrial robot, plays a vital role in evaluating the robot's performance. The TMSIS and TMSOS of a vertical cylindrical high-precision reducer detector were designed and investigated in this study to realize the accurate measurement of input and output torque of the reducer. Because a transmission chain connects the torque transducer and the reducer, the characteristics of the inevitable additional torque are analyzed in detail. A torque calibration device is developed to realize the calibration of the torque measurement system. The readings of the torque calibration device are compared with the data of the instrument’s torque measurement system to realize the instrument's torque calibration. The improved particle swarm optimization and Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm-based radial basis function neural network is used to compensate for the error of the torque measurement system. The parameters of the RBF neural network are settled according to the characteristics of the additional torque and the torque calibration results. The experimental results show that the torque measurement accuracy of the torque measurement system can reach 0.1% FS after torque calibration and error compensation.
The Train Delay Model Developed by the Genetic Programming Algorithm
Authors: Brandejsky Tomas
Published: February 2022

The paper discusses the problem of probability distribution category identification of train delay data by a genetic programming algorithm. This train delay frequency function and the probability distribution simply derived from it are significant to train traffic modelling and management. The genetic programming algorithm was used as an uninformed tool to prevent the influence of a priori information, which should be biased. The real traffic data were aggregated into predefined bins and then the frequencies of the individual delays were computed. The genetic programming algorithm was used in the next step as a symbolic regression tool to discover their frequency function in the form of an algebraic expression. The results concluded that although data has no known distribution, their distributions are similar to exponential ones.
Multi-Tag Selection in Cognitive Ambient Backscatter Communications for Next-Generation IoT Networks
Authors: Kim Mi Ji , Kim Junsu , Kim Su Min
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we propose multi-tag selection schemes to improve achievable rate of a secondary ambient backscatter communication (ABC) system with multiple tags and a single power beacon in cognitive radio (CR) environments. Using the secondary power beacon, which plays a role as radio frequency (RF) source when there is no ambient RF source signals, with spectrum sensing capability, the secondary ABC system determines operation modes according to activity of the licensed primary system. When the primary system is active, a tag is randomly selected due to a lack of channel information, while when it is inactive, the best tag maximizing achievable rate is selected using the secondary power beacon. Moreover, we apply a successive interference cancellation (SIC) technique when the secondary power beacon is able to work. The performance of the proposed multi-tag selection schemes is mathematically analyzed in terms of bit error rate (BER) and achievable rate. Finally, the performance of the proposed schemes is evaluated through simulations in terms of BER and achievable rate. It is shown that our approach can significantly outperform a conventional ABC system in CR environments, especially under a low-active primary system regime.
[Retracted] Helicid Improves Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Apoptosis of C6 Cells by Regulating SH2D5 DNA Methylation via the CytC/Caspase9/Caspase3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wang Mei , Zhang Xiaotong , Jiang Zhenyi , Zhang Yuanxiang , Fu Xiangjun , Li Yanna , Cao Danping , Han Jun , Tong Jiucui
Published: February 2022

DNA methylation is reportedly associated with stress responses and depression. Treatment with antidepressants can regulate DNA methylation and, subsequently, gene expression in the hippocampus. Hence, DNA methylation is a potential target for treatment of depression. Screening of high‐throughput data of a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress revealed relatively low expression of SH2 domain‐containing 5 (SH2D5). SH2D5 can be overexpressed by treatment with helicid. Therefore, in order to further explore the role of SH2D5 in depression and whether helicid mediates the DNA methylation of SH2D5 as a potential antidepressant role, SH2D5 was overexpressed in C6 cells as a lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐induced model of depression. The expression levels of Bax, Bcl‐2, Bad, and Daxx, and changes to the CytC/caspase9/caspase3 signal pathway were detected by qRT‐PCR and Western blot analyses. After treatment with helicid or silencing of SH2D5, the above indices were detected. The results showed that helicid regulated the CytC/caspase9/caspase3 signaling pathway and improved the apoptosis indices of C6 cells through the overexpression of SH2D5. Interestingly, silencing of SH2D5 reversed the effects of helicid on the above indices. Then, in order to study the underlying mechanism, the cells were administered to helicid or 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐AzaD) and expression of SH2D5 was detected by qRT‐PCR and Western blot analyses, while to assess the DNA methylation level of SH2D5 using bisulfite sequencing/PCR. The results showed that SH2D5 was hypermethylated with low expression in LPS‐induced C6 cells, which was reversed by helicid and 5‐AzaD. These results suggest that helicid may affect the CytC/caspase9/caspase3 apoptosis signaling pathway and improve the apoptosis indices by mediating DNA methylation of SH2D5.
New Report of a Different Clinical Presentation of CD151 Splicing Mutation (c.351+2T>C): Could TSPAN11 be Considered as a Potential Modifier Gene for CD151?
Authors: Rahmani Nasim , Talebi Saeed , Hoseini Rozita , Asghari Kollahi Neda , Shojaei Azadeh
Published: February 2022

CD151, a member of the tetraspanin family, is essential for normal development of skin and kidney. To date, only 2 pathogenic variants of the CD151 gene have been identified in a related disorder with recessive inheritance. Here, in the third study of CD151 mutations, we report 3 affected siblings presenting variable degrees of renal and dermal symptoms. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the proband, followed by data analysis and in silico assessments. Confirmation of the mutation in the other patients were carried out using Sanger sequencing. The consequence of the CD151 mutation was investigated by RNA extraction and Sanger sequencing of PCR products from cDNA. Multiple computational tools were applied for protein alignment, homology modeling, and molecular interaction analysis. WES revealed the variant c.351+2T>C, NM_139029 (GRCh37) in CD151, and this was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in all patients. This variant is the result of a substitution of nucleotide T with C that changes the position +2 of the donor splice site in intron 5, leading to total loss of exon 5 from the transcript. The mentioned variant was not found in population allele frequency databases, and prediction tools concurred in its damaging effect on the protein. Based on the criteria from ACMG guidelines, this variant is pathogenic. Interestingly, in terms of clinical findings, symptoms and severity of the disease in the patients in this study were different compared to the previous report of the mutation and the disease. In addition, in silico analysis in this study appears to suggest a candidate protein, Tetraspanin-11 (TSPAN11), that could partially modify CD151 functions. This study supports the pathogenic effect of the CD151 variant c.351+2T>C, highlights the extensive variable expressivity amongst patients, reinforces the contribution of genomic content to clinical characteristics of CD151 mutations, and accentuates the importance of modifier genes.
Loss of JNK-Associated Leucine Zipper Protein Promotes Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritoneal Fibrosis
Authors: Tian Maoqing , Zhang Lu , Wang Yujuan , Deng Meili , Peng Cancan , Liang Wei , Ding Guohua , Shen Bo , Wang Huiming
Published: February 2022

Background: Peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis is the leading cause of peritoneal ultrafiltration failure. Multitude factors and pathological processes have been implicated in peritoneal fibrosis development and progression, whereas the intrinsic anti-fibrotic mechanism has rarely been explored. JNK-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP) has been recently found possessing powerful anti-fibrotic merits of overall antagonizing TGF-β-induced profibrotic effects. Objectives: We wondered whether JLP is expressed in the peritoneum, and if so, whether it exerts the anti-fibrotic effects similar to those in the kidney. Method: Here, we examined and confirmed JLP expression in peritoneum tissue of mice. Then, we established a peritoneal fibrosis model in Jlp wild-type and Jlp global deficient mice and observed the different effects of Jlp on peritoneal fibrosis progression. In vitro studies were performed on peritoneal mesothelial HMrSV5 cells with or without Jlp knockdown to investigate the underlying mechanism by which Jlp exerts anti-fibrotic effects. Results: We found that the expression of JLP decreased in a high-glucose peritoneal dialysis solution (HGPDS)-induced peritoneal fibrosis mouse model and in HGPDS-treated peritoneal mesothelial cell HMrSV5. JLP deletion exacerbated HGPDS-induced peritoneal fibrosis in peritoneal fibrosis mice, and knockdown of JLP resulted in an increased profibrotic response to HGPDS stimulation in HMrSV5 cells, which was associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, elevated autophagy, and apoptosis, as well as enhanced TGF-β1/Smad signaling activation. Conclusions: Our findings revealed a new anti-fibrotic factor of Jlp involved in peritoneal fibrosis induction and shed light on novel therapeutic targets in peritoneal ultrafiltration failure.
Prevalência de depressão em estudantes de medicina: uma revisão de escopo
Authors: Souza Alice Lucindo de , Castro Fernanda Venturini de , Ferron Karine , Rodrigues Ana Letícia Zanon Chagas , Cau Ana Carolina , Meireles Marcos Sampaio , Paulo Marcela Souza Lima
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Depressão é um transtorno mental comum que acomete 322 milhões de pessoas no mundo. Estima-se que 15% a 25% dos estudantes universitários apresentam algum transtorno psiquiátrico, sendo a depressão e ansiedade os mais recorrentes. Dentre os afetados, pode-se citar os estudantes de medicina como um grupo que frequentemente apresenta os sintomas depressivos. Objetivo: Conhecer as evidências científicas acerca da prevalência de depressão em estudantes de medicina. Método: Scoping Review que utilizou a pergunta norteadora “Qual a prevalência de depressão em estudantes de medicina?” para pesquisar artigos originais, casos clínicos, meta-análises e guidelines publicados de 2010 a 2020. As buscas foram realizadas no Pubmed e na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) através da combinação dos descritores “depression disorder” AND “students, medical” AND “schools, medical” AND “prevalence”. Resultados: Os 12 artigos encontrados mostraram, em sua maioria, uma prevalência de depressão em estudantes de medicina de, aproximadamente, 30%. Valores maiores de prevalência foram encontrados nos estudantes do sexo feminino, graduandos do primeiro ano, estudantes que apresentavam dúvidas em relação as atividades acadêmicas que irão interferir na escolha da especialização e no seu futuro profissional, alunos que abdicaram do seu tempo de lazer, acadêmicos que faziam uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, estudantes que moravam sozinhos, que não praticavam atividade física e estudantes que apresentavam um diagnóstico psiquiátrico prévio. Conclusão: A faculdade de medicina é um ambiente que apresenta uma elevada prevalência de estudantes com depressão, o que sugere que o curso médico exige uma demanda psíquica, econômica, disciplinar e social grande dos discentes.
Disponiblização da informação fotográfica em meio digital: considerações acerca do acervo da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Authors: Santos Ana Claudia de Araújo , Silva Susimery Vila Nova , Ribeiro Emanuela Sousa
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as ações que foram desenvolvidas no acervo fotográfico da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, que está custodiado no Memorial Denis Bernardes e foi organizado a partir de ações de conservação preventiva e de organização documental – com a disponibilização da informação em meio digital - desenvolvidas no projeto “Imagens fotográficas: olhares sobre a história da UFPE”, com o objetivo de preservar a memória institucional imagética. São apresentados os procedimentos metodológicos que viabilizaram a migração das imagens fotográficas com valor cultural, e dos dados e metadados produzidos acerca destas imagens em suporte papel, para o ambiente digital e de acesso aberto. A iniciativa empreendida no projeto contribuiu para valorizar e preservar a memória institucional e para fomentar ações voltadas para resguardar e organizar os documentos de acervos fotográficos universitários. Acredita-se que o estudo de caso pode ser relevante para outras universidades que precisam lidar com o patrimônio universitário, tendo em vista a segurança institucional que os repositórios institucionais proporcionam.
Rede de museus e espaços de ciências e cultura da UFMG: trajetória, desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Silveira Marcus Marciano Gonçalves da , Julião Letícia
Published: February 2022

Criada em 2001, a Rede de Museus e Espaços de Ciência e Cultura da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais é formada pela adesão voluntária de espaços, que se mantêm autônomos, mas articulados para construírem políticas e projetos comuns na convergência do ensino, pesquisa e extensão com a salvaguarda e comunicação de acervos. Nos últimos cinco anos, sua agenda tem se concentrado no aprimoramento do seu próprio desenho institucional, na produção de informação a respeito do patrimônio universitário como ferramenta para o planejamento e no desenvolvimento de projetos em rede. A pactuação de ações para a gestão do patrimônio científico-cultural impõe o enfrentamento de diversos desafios. Entre eles, ressalta-se a diversidade dos espaços integrantes da Rede, no que concerne ao perfil institucional, grau de autonomia, recursos humanos e financeiros e estrutura física. Além disso, a necessidade de lidar com uma cultura ainda marcada pelos padrões de especiação e criação de “nichos” próprios do desenvolvimento científico e do ambiente universitário, conforme destacado por Thomas Kuhn. A consolidação de ações em rede exige construir um difícil equilíbrio, no qual se supera hierarquias e competitividades em favor da reciprocidade autônoma e espontânea das articulações rizomáticas, na busca de objetivos comuns e do compartilhamento de recursos e experiências.
Serviço de Referência On-line e a Semiótica
Authors: Serafim Jeaze Garcia
Published: February 2022

Poderia uma máquina auxiliar o bibliotecário de referência no atendimento ao usuário? A resposta para essa questão é muito difícil e polêmica. A união dos pensadores da Semiótica com os bibliotecários e os programadores pode ser o caminho mais próximo para uma resposta afirmativa a essa pergunta. A Inteligência Artificial é uma área de pesquisa da Ciência da Computação que busca dispositivos computacionais que possuam ou simulem a capacidade humana de pensar, de ser inteligente. Nesse ponto entra a parceria com a Semiótica que fornecerá subsídios para o desenvolvimento de chatterbots capazes de se comunicarem com os seres humanos
Eu Escuto, Eu Esqueço; Eu Vejo, Eu Entendo; Eu Faço, Eu Aprendo: tentando “falar perto” sobre The Essence of Judo
Authors: Issa Victor Eiji
Published: February 2022

O presente ensaio visa, por meio de uma temática específica – a importância da subjetividade dentro da prática do judô –, abordar uma temática mais ampla: procurar-se-á fazer uma reflexão sobre como nossas experiências vividas, ou seja nossa subjetividade, contribuem para a formação de nosso olhar sobre o “outro”. Trata-se de um ensaio no qual o autor busca, por meio de seu envolvimento pessoal com o judô, por meio de sua própria experiência, pensar na importância que a dimensão do subjetivo, do sensível tem para a antropologia
Counting Carbon or Counting Coal? Anchoring Climate Governance in Fossil Fuel–Based Accountability Frameworks
Authors: Green Fergus , Kuch Declan
Published: February 2022

For decades, the object of international climate governance has been greenhouse gases. The inadequacy of decarbonization based on this system has prompted calls to expand climate governance to include restrictions on fossil fuel supply. Such initiatives could rely on accountability frameworks based on fossil fuel reserves, production, or infrastructure, yet there has been little consideration of the different implications of these options. We inform such discussions by undertaking a sociotechnical analysis of existing schemes for the monitoring, reporting and verification of fossil fuels. We identify serious risks from anchoring climate governance in fossil fuel reserves. More promising directions for supply-side governance lie in accountability frameworks based on a combination of fossil fuel production volumes and infrastructure, since these are more transparent to multiple actors. This transparency would provide much-needed opportunities for democratic oversight of the data underpinning climate governance, opening new channels for holding states accountable for their climate performance.
APPLICATION OF CULTURAL-HISTORICAL AND ACTIVITY THEORY IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
Authors: Hakkarainen Pentti , Bredikyte Milda
Published: February 2022

Cultural-historical and activity theory has proposed many important theoretical ideas for the educational sciences, which inspired the creation of diff erent pedagogical approaches and models around the world. It is worth noticing that many important theoretical concepts of the cultural-historical and activity theory have become universally accepted and used in the contexts of education regardless of the prevailing theoretical paradigms. Th is is probably the cost that has to be paid for being widely known. It is not the fi rst time when certain theoretical concepts become widespread, a deeper systemic understanding of psychological theory itself is lost. Despite the fact that such a fate befell many of the concepts of the cultural-historical activity theory, there are many interesting attempts to deepen and further develop the approach. Th e introductory article introduces several important theoretical statements formulated by the creators of cultural-historical and activity theory that have signifi cantly contributed to the development of pedagogical ideas and based on which important educational research is being conducted today. It discusses in detail how the ideas of Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, D.B. Elkonin, Davydov, Galperin, Talyzina, N.N. Podd’iakov and other Russian scholars were understood and further developed in Scandinavia, other countries, and especially in the educational research of Latin American scholars. Th e introductory article ends by introducing the topics and research problems of scientifi c articles published in this special issue of the journal.
STUDY OF THE PROFESSIONAL MOTIVES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ACTIVITY THEORY
Authors: González María Alejandra Morales , Solovieva Yulia , Tapia-López Jesús Ángel
Published: February 2022

Relevance. Th is paper analyzes the professional motives of teachers working at primary schools from the perspective of Activity Th eory, considering that the teachers’ motives are relevant for organizing the teaching-learning process. Goals. Th is study aimed to analyze the professional motives of primary school teachers and their relationship with the teaching-learning process. Methods and sample collection. Th ree sixth grade teachers participated in semi-structured interviews to analyze their motives and their impact on the teaching-learning process based on: a) teachers and b) school context and the interactions related to the teaching-learning process. Th e analysis of the motivational sphere was conducted utilizing the Activity Th eory paradigm and the Cultural-Historical approach, researching the motives that underlay the teaching-learning process. Th e interviews were analyzed using the typology of motives proposed by Talizina (2019), according to specifi c indicators. Results. We off er a classifi cation of teachers’ motives regarding the teaching-learning process. Th ese motives are distributed heterogeneously across our proposed indicators; some motives are similar for each teacher, and other motives exhibit great disparity. Also, we observed great diff erences between the profi le of motives across two teachers, one working at a private school and the other working at a public school. Conclusions. Th e fi ndings suggest the existence of internal positive motives in the teacher’s professional activity.
Raman Spectroscopic Detection and Quantification of Macro- and Microhematuria in Human Urine
Authors: Carswell William , Robertson John L. , Senger Ryan S.
Published: February 2022

Hematuria refers to the presence of blood in urine. Even in small amounts, it may be indicative of disease, ranging from urinary tract infection to cancer. Here, Raman spectroscopy was used to detect and quantify macro- and microhematuria in human urine samples. Anticoagulated whole blood was mixed with freshly collected urine to achieve concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 10, and 20% blood/urine (v/v). Raman spectra were obtained at 785 nm and data analyzed using chemometric methods and statistical tests with the Rametrix toolboxes for Matlab. Goldindec and iterative smoothing splines with root error adjustment (ISREA) baselining algorithms were used in processing and normalization of Raman spectra. Rametrix was used to apply principal component analysis (PCA), develop discriminate analysis of principal component (DAPC) models, and to validate these models using external leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). Discriminate analysis of principal component models were capable of detecting various levels of microhematuria in unknown urine samples, with prediction accuracies of 91% (using Goldindec spectral baselining) and 94% (using ISREA baselining). Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was then used to estimate/quantify the amount of blood (v/v) in a urine sample, based on its Raman spectrum. Comparing actual and predicted (from Raman spectral computations) hematuria levels, a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.91 was obtained over all hematuria levels (0–20% v/v), and an R2 of 0.92 was obtained for microhematuria (0–1% v/v) specifically. Overall, the results of this preliminary study suggest that Raman spectroscopy and chemometric analyses can be used to detect and quantify macro- and microhematuria in unprocessed, clinically relevant urine specimens.
Migration Background, Gender, and the Prevention of Depressive Symptoms: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Pössel Patrick , Gaskins Jeremy , Gu Tao , Hautzinger Martin
Published: February 2022

Adolescent girls, independent of their migration background, and adolescent boys, specifically with a migration background, experience more depressive symptoms than boys without a migration background. Adolescent girls also benefit more from depression prevention programs than boys. However, no studies have examined the role of migration background on depression prevention. This cluster-randomized trial included 439 eighth-grade students (43.5% girls, 42.4% with a migration background) in Germany. Adolescents were randomized into either a 10-week universal prevention program or school-as-usual. Following our secondary analyses and as predicted, depressive symptoms decreased in girls in the prevention but not in the control group. Consistent with our hypotheses, boys did not benefit from the prevention program, nor was there a significant interaction between gender and migration background. Independent of condition, depressive symptoms increased in adolescents with a migration background. More research is needed to improve depression prevention for adolescent boys and in adolescents with a migration background.
Survey response rates: Trends and a validity assessment framework
Authors: Holtom Brooks , Baruch Yehuda , Aguinis Herman , A Ballinger Gary
Published: February 2022

Survey methodology has been and continues to be a pervasively used data-collection method in social science research. To better understand the state of the science, we first analyze response-rate information reported in 1014 surveys described in 703 articles from 17 journals from 2010 to 2020. Results showed a steady increase in average response rate from 48% in 2005 to 53% in 2010 to 56% in 2015 and 68% in 2020; a marked increase in the number of surveys per published article from 1.27 in 2015 to 1.79 in 2020; and that variables that predict response-rate fluctuations over time are related to research design (e.g. data-collection medium), participant motivation (e.g. incentives), and researcher motivation (i.e. number of surveys per article). Second, we propose complementary information on contemporary response-rate norms and benchmarks with a response-rate validity assessment framework to gather evidence on accuracy of inferences based on a particular response-rate level. Implementing this validation process involves gathering information on the researcher–participant relationship, participant qualifications and motivation, survey length and complexity, and cultural and national context. Future survey research should implement the validity assessment framework in addition to reporting the response-rate value to better indicate a sample’s quality, appropriateness, and representativeness.
Dynamic response of composite sandwich structures with the honeycomb-foam hybrid core subjected to underwater shock waves: Numerical simulations
Authors: Zhou Hao , Guo Rui , Liu Rongzhong , Jiang Wei
Published: February 2022

The dynamic response of composite sandwich structures with honeycomb-foam hybrid cores subjected to underwater shock waves was investigated by numerical simulations. The deformation process, core compression, momentum transmitting characteristics, and energy absorbing properties of sandwich structures subjected to underwater shock waves with different initial pressures were analyzed. The dynamic responses of the composite sandwich with different core configurations were also compared. The results show that the composite sandwich structures can provide superior protection from underwater shock waves than mass equal laminate plates and the sandwich structures with hybrid cores have better performance than that with empty honeycomb cores when subjected to underwater shock waves. The research can provide reference for the lightweight design and optimization of protective structures against underwater blast loading.
Dependency Revisited: Ecuador’s (Re)Insertions into the International Division of Nature
Authors: Alarcón Pedro
Published: February 2022

Following the guiding thread of recent Ecuadorian economic history, a review of the attempts of several Latin American natural-resource-rich countries to climb the ladder of the international division of labor indicates that the construction of a particular perspective on development with the goal of reducing dependence on international commodity prices is nurtured by dependency theory and by the irruption of environmental thinking in development studies. The Ecuadorian state embarked upon the pursuit of a better position in the world economy mainly during its oil booms (1972–1981 and 2003–2014). Since the twilight of the last century, the state’s embrace of an official environmental discourse and growing social environmental awareness have increasingly held sway in development policy making, but the end of the most recent commodities cycle and the COVID-19 crisis have seen a highly indebted economy in which dependence on exports of natural resources and imports of manufactured products persists as the hallmark of a peripheral state.

Siguiendo el hilo conductor de la historia económica reciente de Ecuador, una revisión de los intentos de varios países latinoamericanos ricos en recursos naturales por ascender en la jerarquía de la división internacional del trabajo indica que la construcción de una perspectiva particular del desarrollo con el objetivo de reducir la dependencia de los precios internacionales de los productos básicos se nutre de la teoría de la dependencia y de la irrupción del pensamiento ambiental en los estudios del desarrollo. El estado ecuatoriano se lanzó a la búsqueda de una mejor posición en la economía mundial, principalmente durante sus auges petroleros (1972-1981 y 2003-2014). Desde el ocaso del siglo pasado, la adopción por parte del Estado de un discurso ambiental oficial y la creciente conciencia ambiental social han prevalecido cada vez más en la formulación de políticas de desarrollo, pero el final del ciclo de las materias primas más reciente y la crisis del COVID-19 han llevado a una economía muy endeudada en la que persiste la dependencia de las exportaciones de recursos naturales y la importación de productos manufacturados como sello de un estado periférico.
Open to Interpretation: Multiple Intelligences Theory in Adult Literacy Education
Authors: Kallenbach Silja , Viens Julie
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses how adult literacy educators chose to apply multiple intelligences (MI) theory. The findings fall into two categories of teachers’ interpretation, MI-inspired instruction, and MI reflections. The resulting findings were that these Mi-inspired teaching approaches helped to reduce teacher directedness and increase student control and initiative; to increase the authenticity of the learning experiences; and to make learning meaningful or relevant to students. Having Mi-based learning choices made adult learners more confident about taking greater control of their own learning, and it pushed teachers to allow that to happen. Choice-based activities were instrumental in increasing the relevance and meaning of lessons and in reducing teacher directedness. Understanding the link between students’ perceptions of their abilities and their actual academic performance, AMI teachers set out to create opportunities for students to reflect about their strengths, weaknesses, and interests connecting them to the MI framework. Our data suggest that this, and other forms of MI reflections, prompted adult learners to see themselves as learners in a more positive light after identifying and reflecting on their own abilities. This was particularly the case when they were able to apply their abilities to successful learning strategies in the classroom.
Mindful Curriculum Leadership for Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Leading in Elementary Schools by Using Multiple Intelligences Theory (SUMIT)
Authors: Schirduan Victoria , Case Karen
Published: February 2022

Broadly based, mindful curriculum leadership encompasses a way of leading toward school improvement by taking into consideration student intelligences as an at-promise phenomenon. This research paper provides an example of how elementary school curriculum leaders can be mindful of student intelligences and use the strengths of their student populations.
Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles: Two Complementary Dimensions
Authors: Denig Stephen J.
Published: February 2022

This paper compares the theories of multiple intelligences and learning styles to suggest ways that teachers using a combination of both theories may be able to improve student learning over the range of intelligences. The author proposes a research format for the benefit of future research.
Integrating the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy with Multiple Intelligences: A Planning Tool for Curriculum Differentiation
Authors: Noble Toni
Published: February 2022

Both the special education and gifted education literature call for a differentiated curriculum to cater for the wide range of student differences in any classroom. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences was integrated with the revised Bloom's taxonomy to provide a planning tool for curriculum differentiation. Teachers’ progress in using the tool to plan and implement units of work through learning centers was documented over 18 months in two small elementary schools. They reported greater confidence in their ability to broaden their curriculum and cater for different students’ strengths across the multiple intelligences and intellectually challenge their students using first the original and then the revised taxonomy. The teachers saw their students as more successful learners as a result of this curriculum differentiation.
Choosing to Teach: Reflections on Gender and Social Change
Authors: Smulyan Lisa
Published: February 2022

This study uses data from a 10-year longitudinal study to explore how women graduates of a liberal arts college experience the gendered construction of teachers and teaching as they make life and career choices. These women respond to the expectations and pressures of families and teachers, renegotiate their own definitions of success and achievement, and reconstruct definitions of teaching and themselves as teachers. Despite their understanding of the status of other possible career choices, and their resistance of gendered frameworks of career and success, the women in this study ignore the rhetoric of teacher professionalization that might provide them with an alternative definition of teaching. Instead, they reframe teaching as a political act, one through which they can address issues of social inequality and social injustice.
Boys’ Selves: Identity and Anxiety in the Looking Glass of School Life
Authors: Reichert Michael C. , Kuriloff Peter
Published: February 2022

In the last decade, boys’ lives, and particularly their school achievement, have come under increasing scrutiny. While dominant discourses have stressed boys as victims, schools as failing boys, and an essentialist view that boys will be boys, few take account that boys develop their self-concepts in the looking glass of the variously gendered academic and social curricula of schools. Yet understanding how boys form their sense of self is crucial, as much research has shown that students’ self-concepts have a strong relationship with their grades. This exploratory study attempts to address this need, finding that the addition of a measure of boys’ social anxiety significantly enhanced the statistical explanation of self-concept. Follow-up interviews with 27 boys helped us to understand the nature of their social anxiety and its relationship to the power dynamics and traditions of the particular school we studied. We conclude by suggesting ways such schools may be able to help boys reduce their anxiety and enhance their senses of self.
Motivational Influences on Student Participation in Classroom Learning Activities
Authors: Turner Julianne C. , Patrick Helen
Published: February 2022

This study examined how one type of student work habit—classroom participation—is related to a combination of both student factors (math achievement, personal achievement goals, perceptions of classroom goal structures, and teacher support) and features of the classroom context (teachers’ instructional practices, average perceptions of classroom goal structures). We focused on the participation of two students in mathematics class during both sixth and seventh grades. Differential teacher expectations, calling patterns, and instructional and motivational support and nonsupport interacted with beliefs and behaviors of both students, and those interactions were associated with different patterns of participation each year. Results suggest that student participation is malleable rather than stable and emphasize the potential of teacher practices to both support and undermine the development of student work habits.
Racial Isolation, Poverty, and the Limits of Local Control in Oakland
Authors: Noguera Pedro A.
Published: February 2022

Historically, schools in the United States have been governed at the local level by elected school boards, and finances have been raised primarily through local property taxes. While local control theoretically allows for greater responsiveness to local concerns, it does not take into account the vast inequality among and between communities in the United States, nor does it take into account the ways in which poverty can limit the ability of parents in particularly to influence decision making in public schools that serve their children. Drawing on the experience of Oakland, California, this article explores the ways in which poverty and racial discrimination limit the effectiveness of local control as a mechanism for school accountability. It also examines the factors that constrain the ability of schools to be responsive to the needs of the communities that they serve. In making the case for greater parental empowerment in school governance, the article explores how social capital and civic capacity building can enhance the democratic possibilities of local control and help to overcome the effects of concentrated poverty.
Creating a Public Accountability for California Schools
Authors: Rogers John S.
Published: February 2022

This article explores the role of the public in California's educational accountability system. Drawing on a review of state policy and case studies of two school communities, it examines whether California's accountability system draws on and supports an informed and engaged public. The analysis points to a disconnect between a rhetoric that upholds public engagement and policy structures and practices that limit or distort educational information and thwart public efforts to participate in accountability. The article calls on California to nurture an informed and engaged public that will both enable and demand high quality schools.
The Danger of Deference: A Case of Polite Governance
Authors: Minor James T. , Tierney William G.
Published: February 2022

Over the past decade numerous arguments have been put forth that campus governance needs to be reformed to meet new challenges. Rethinking admission standards, implementing distance learning, increasing fund-raising, diversifying the faculty, and creating external partnerships are just a few issues that demand timely and informed decisions. For some individuals, these topics create decision-making contexts that stand in contradiction to the tradition of shared governance. To others, shared governance becomes an obstacle to effective decision-making rather than its vehicle. This study explores a campus where the perception is that “governance works.” The university enjoys a stable organizational history, climate, and administration that are circumscribed by what we will define as a culture of deference. The institution, however, does not appear to struggle over questions of quality such as how they might improve and what actions might create these improvements. The authors question whether a decision-making culture of deference promotes effective campus governance. The text begins with a discussion of what the authors mean by effective governance within an organization's culture and they then present data from an intensive case study of one campus. The authors conclude that cooperation and trust are foundational but insufficient indicators of good governance.
On Making Determinations of Quality in Teaching
Authors: Fenstermacher Gary D. , Richardson Virginia
Published: February 2022

This article examines the notion of quality teaching, exploring its conceptual, empirical and normative properties. We begin by analyzing the concept of teaching, separating it into its task sense (what teachers try to do) and its achievement sense (the student learning that teachers foster). The analysis suggests that any determination of quality in teaching must account for both the worthiness of the activity (good teaching) as well as the realization of intended outcomes (successful teaching). Good teaching is not the same as successful teaching, nor does one logically entail the other. For teaching to be both good and successful, it must be conjoined with factors well beyond the range of control of the classroom teacher. The analysis of the concept of teaching is then used to explore three programs of research on teaching: process-product, cognitive science, and constructivist. The article concludes with an analysis of the policy implications of this explication of quality teaching.
Organized Resistance and Black Educators’ Quest for School Equality, 1878–1938
Authors: Walker Vanessa Siddle
Published: February 2022

Historical accounts of advocacy for equality in educational facilities and resources for Blacks during de jure segregation in the South have generally minimized, or ignored, the role of Black educators. This article challenges the omission of Black educators in the historical portrait by providing a historical analysis of four periods of teacher activism in Georgia prior to Brown. Results indicate that, through their organizational structure, Black educators consistently advocated for improved facilities, bus transportation, longer school terms, high schools, and better salaries. Although the success of their activities was mediated by the Southern political context of the era in which they advocated, the Black teachers’ organization was the most organized agent for change throughout this period.
One Classroom at a Time? Teacher Isolation and Community Viewed through the Prism of the Particular
Authors: Pomson Alex D. M.
Published: February 2022

In recent years a research literature has developed which increasingly problematizes the project to construct professional community in schools. This case-based literature explores the messy complexities of teacher cooperation and collaboration. It points to the human, cultural, and political dimensions in schools that prevent changes in the organizational conditions of teachers’ work from achieving their anticipated outcomes. This article deepens this vein of research by examining the experiences of those who work in a school system where, because of its governance and curriculum organization, teachers must work in a professional environment which provides few opportunities for isolation or privacy. Drawing on a series of narrative inquiries into the work and lives of Jewish day school teachers, the article helps clarify different impulses behind the search for teacher community: those that derive from professional concerns, such as the goal to improve student achievement, and those that derive from personal concerns, such as the desire to belong or to experience fellowship in the workplace. In its final section, the article brings into view sources of teachers’ ambivalence about collaboration often overlooked in the school reform literature.
The Cultural Myths and Realities of Classroom Teaching and Learning: A Personal Journey
Authors: Nuthall Graham
Published: February 2022

In this article, I argue that classroom teaching is structured by ritualized routines supported by widely held myths about learning and ability that are acquired through our common experiences as students. These ritualized routines and supporting myths are sustained not only by everyone's common experience of schooling, but by teacher education practices, the ways we evaluate teachers’ classroom performance, and many common types of educational research. My own research on teaching over the last 45 years has produced a number of apparently contradictory and puzzling findings that have progressively led me to understand the nature and power of these routines and myths. While ritualized routines are necessary to allow a teacher to manage the experiences of 20–30 students simultaneously, they also explain why individual student experience and learning remain largely invisible to teachers. The problem is to find ways to stand outside the ritualized routines and myths to identify how they control what we perceive, believe, and do about reforming teaching and learning.
A Learner-Centered Framework for E-Learning
Authors: Mccombs Barbara L. , Vakili Donna
Published: February 2022

The age is here of distance learning and new forms of e-learning. The rate at which a variety of institutions are entering the distance learning arena is increasing rapidly. In spite of the increased popularity and presence of online learning opportunities, however, many researchers and practitioners are decrying the lack of a research-validated framework to guide their design. Other researchers and practitioners point out that what works in effective traditional learning environments may or may not work in online environments. These concerns are addressed in this article through a review of relevant research and the presentation of a learner-centered framework. This framework is based on the American Psychological Association's (1997) research-validated Learner-Centered Psychological Principles, developed from over a century of research.