bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SISTEM STRUKTUR BANGUNAN ARSITEKTUR JAWA JOGLO DAN TAJUG DALAM ADAPTASI TERHADAP GEMPA
Authors: Kusyanto Mohhamad , Koesmartadi Cristophorus
Published: September 2024

Bentuk pokok bangunan tradisional Jawa Joglo dan Tajug hampir sama hanya berbeda pada bentuk atapnya. Sistem struktur kedua bangunan dalam beberapa penelitian mampu beradaptasi aman terhadap gempa. Namun bangunan atap tajug telah mengalami morfologi dan perubahan fungsi, dimensi dan performa bangunan diakibatkan penambahan jumlah jamaah sehingga mempengaruhi adaptasi terhadap gempa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan sistem struktur bangunan tradisional Jawa Joglo dan Tajug dalam adaptasinya terhadap gempa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Guna memperoleh gambaran maka analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis studi perbandingan sistem struktur kedua bangunan tersebut. Kasus yang menjadi amatan adalah bangunan arsitektur Jawa Joglo dan Tajug yang mengalami kerusakan dalam gempa di Indonesia. Temuan yang didapatkan perubahan morfologi, bentuk dan material bangunan arsitektur Jawa Tajug dengan pondasi jepit maka bangunan tidak rawan terhadap  gempa. Sementara bangunan Joglo yang masih mempertahankan bentuknya dengan material  menggunakan kayu menyebabkan bangunan ini aman saat terjadi gempa.
KESINAMBUNGAN BENTUK ORNAMEN PADA MASJID LANGGAR DALEM, LANGGAR BUBRAH, DAN MASJID MENARA KUDUS JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Hermanto Heri
Published: September 2024

Sejak abad 8 sampai dengan 10 M kota Kudus diduga menjadi pusat pengembangan Agama Hindu dan Budha. Kyai Telingsing, Sunan Kudus, dan Sunan Muria  merupakan tokoh yang sangat berjasa atas keberhasilan dakwah di Kudus. Metoda dakwah dengan pendekatan kultural, sikap toleran dan menghargai budaya Hindu-Budha menjadi salah satu penyebab keberhasilannya.
Di Kudus ditemukan 3 buah masjid kuno yang memperlihatkan kesinambungan bentuk ornamen yang berasal dari Hindu, Budha dan Islam. Ke-tiga masjid kuno itu adalah; Langgar Dalem (1480 M), Langgar Bubrah (1533M), Masjid Menara Kudus (1549 M). Penelitian tentang Masjid Menara Kudus sudah banyak dilakukan, tetapi penelitian tentang kesinambungan bentuk  ornamen diantara masjid masjid kuno tersebut belum pernah diteliti secara komprehensif.
Sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah; 1) Menemukan kesinambungan bentuk  ornamen arsitektur pada masjid-masjid kuno di Kudus, 2) serta konsep apakah yang mendasari bentuk ornamen pada masjid-masjid kuno di Kudus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, dengan cara observasi, perekaman data, dan menggali dari sumber primer historiografi. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa kesinambungan bentuk ornamen arabesque yang bercorak Islam pada masjid Langgar Dalem, Langgar Bubrah, dan Menara Kudus. Adapun konsep yang mendasari bentuk ornamen adalah lafal Allah, Muhammad, dan La ilaha illallah
Respuestas de observación con estímulos verbales seriales descriptivos y arbitrarios
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Quiñones-Orozco Katya , Escobar Rogelio ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: September 2024

Para determinar el control que adquieren estímulos seriales verbales o arbitrarios sobre las respuestas de observación en humanos, estudiantes universitarios se expusieron a un progra-ma de reforzamiento mixto en el que alternaron componentes de extinción de 90, 60 ó 30 s y un componente de reforzamiento de 30 s en el que se acumularon puntos intercambiables por dinero. Cada componente de extinción se dividió en subcomponentes de 30 s de tal forma que cada respuesta de observación resultó en un estímulo de 5 s que señaló el paso del tiempo durante extinción (E-) o el componente de reforzamiento (E+). En condiciones sucesivas se usaron estímulos verbales arbitrarios (letras) o descriptivos (una descripción de la disponi-bilidad del reforzador). Para dos participantes el orden de las condiciones fue arbitrarios, descriptivos, arbitrarios y para otros dos fue descriptivos, arbitrarios, descriptivos. En la pri-mera condición las respuestas que produjeron estímulos arbitrarios fueron más frecuentes que las que no tenían consecuencias programadas. Se observó el efecto opuesto con estímulos descriptivos. Los siguientes cambios en las condiciones o la posición serial de los estímulos tuvieron un efecto sistemático. Los hallazgos sugieren que los participantes forman reglas que pueden producir insensibilidad a los cambios en el programa.
Efeitos de vídeos de alimentação saudável sobre escolhas alimentares de crianças
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Pará, Souza Gilvandro Figueiredo , Kato Olívia Misae ,   Universidade Federal do Pará
Published: September 2024

O presente estudo investigou os efeitos de vídeos de alimentos saudáveis sobre as escolhas alimentares de 24 crianças, com idade entre 10 e 11 anos, eutróficas ou acima do peso, de ambos os sexos. O delineamento envolveu três fases divididas na Condição I, com exposição a vídeos curtos e longos e Condição II, a ordem inversa dos vídeos. A Fase 1 consistiu na aplicação do teste de nomeação dos alimentos, com procedimento de correção. Na Fase 2, era aplicado o teste de escolhas de alimentos, a exposição aos vídeos sobre escolhas de alimentos saudáveis, testes de compreensão do relato dos personagens e reaplicação do teste de escolhas de alimentos. Na Fase 3, verificou-se a manutenção das escolhas após uma semana, reaplicando o teste de escolhas de alimentos. Os resultados apontam um aumento no número de escolhas de alimentos saudáveis para a maioria das crianças. Contudo, após uma semana, a reaplicação dos testes mostrou o efeito temporário dos vídeos para a maioria delas. Concluise que a exposição a vídeos de alimentação saudável podem influenciar nas escolhas de preferências por alimentação saudável, porém, esse efeito não tem caráter permanente.
Situación en América bajo el enfoque de las 5P del Desarrollo Sostenible como herramienta para orientar políticas públicas
Authors: De la Vega Meneses José Gerardo
Published: September 2024

Las 5P del Desarrollo Sostenible suelen referirse a las dimensiones económicas, sociales y medioambientales de la sostenibilidad: personas, prosperidad, paz, planeta y alianzas. En este contexto el problema de investigación fue proponer una metodología para identificar la situación en el continente americano en el logro del desarrollo sostenible bajo el enfoque de las 5P, utilizando índices de calidad pertinente que refieren a dicho desarrollo sostenible y fueron elaborados en años recientes, de 2020 a 2023, acorde a su disponibilidad. La metodología utilizada en esta investigación fue cuantitativa, documental y descriptiva; se utilizaron índices de desarrollo sostenible estratégicamente seleccionados, se analizaron cuantitativamente sus resultados y se normalizaron con el fin de proponer una metodología para identificar el grado de avance en el logro del desarrollo sostenible de los países de América, con objeto de replicar este tipo de análisis en otros contextos geoeconómicos.
Control de evasión tributaria y sostenibilidad económica en personas con negocio en el mercado Colonial Center, Bellavista, Callao, Perú, 2022
Authors: Laguna Silva Alejandro , Palacios Huaraca Edith Lucia , Larroche Cueto Benito Armando , Merino Zevallos Carlos Antonio
Published: September 2024

La investigación consideró como objetivo establecer la correspondencia entre control de evasión tributaria y sostenibilidad económica en un mercado de productos. La investigación fue de tipo aplicado, cuantitativo y correlacional. La población estuvo conformada por personas con negocios del mercado Colonial Center, en Bellavista. La técnica empleada fue la encuesta, el instrumento utilizado para recoger los datos fue el cuestionario. La validez del instrumento se determinó a través de juicio de expertos y para ello se utilizó el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach en el cuestionario de control de evasión tributaria y en el cuestionario de sostenibilidad económica. Los resultados concluyen que existe relación positiva moderada (α = ,784), entre control de evasión tributaria y sostenibilidad económica en personas con negocio en el mercado Colonial Center. Ello hace inferir que, a mayor control de evasión tributaria, mayor sostenibilidad económica.
Endülüslü Ebû Amr Ed-Dânî’nin (Ö. 444/1053) Hadis Usûlü İlmindeki Yeri
Authors: Kılıç Zülal
Published: September 2024

Endülüs, tarih boyunca birçok âlimin yetiştiği ve ilmî birikimin merkezi olmuş bir bölgedir. Bu bağlamda, bölgenin önemli âlimlerinden biri olan Ebû Amr ed-Dânî, daha ziyade kırâat ilmiyle tanınmaktadır. Ancak hadis ilmiyle de ilgilenen Dânî, bu ilme yönelik eserler de kaleme almıştır. Makalede Dânî’nin ilmî şahsiyeti hakkında genel bir değerlendirme yapıldıktan sonra, onun hadisle ilgili eserlerine dair detaylı bilgi verilmektedir. Özellikle bunlar arasında yer alan Cüz’ fı ulûmi’l-hadîs fî beyâni’l-muttasıl ve’l-mürsel ve’l-mevkûf ve’l-münkatı adlı risale, hadis usûlü konularını müstakil bir şekilde ele alması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu itibarla, bahsi geçen mezkûr cüz merkeze alınarak Dânî’nin hadis usûlü meselelerine dair yaklaşımları tespit edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Ayrıca Dânî’nin kendinden sonraki hadis usûlü literatürüne etkisini anlamak amacıyla Meşrik literatüründen Dânî’ye yapılan atıflar ve onun hangi bağlamlarda referans gösterildiği üzerinde durulmaktadır.
DNA metabarcoding for diet analysis of an endangered endemic bitterling, Acheilognathus majusculus (Teleostei; Cyprinidae)
Authors: Tran BT , Kang D , Heo JS , Kim K , Kim K , Yoon J
Published: September 2024

The bitterling species, Acheilognathus majusculus, is a freshwater fish, endemic to the Nakdong and Seomjin rivers in South Korea and listed as an endangered species by the Ministry of Environment in South Korea due to its biological, ecological, and genetic importance. Dietary information is crucial for understanding the role of A. majusculus within an ecosystem and planning its restoration strategy. In this study, we employed a non-invasive DNA metabarcoding approach to characterize the diet using 34 A. majusculus fecal samples collected from the Nakdong and Seomjin rivers. Analysis of 1642037 clean reads generated by applying the next generation sequencing yielded 210 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Taxonomic assignment successfully identified 10 phyla, 16 classes, 23 orders, 29 families, 29 genera, and 26 species. Green algae (Chlorophyta) and diatoms (Bacillariophyta) were predominantly detected in all samples, with percentages ranging from 5.56 to 43.59% and 30.00 to 66.67%, respectively. Smaller percentages of other taxa such as parasitic protists of Ichthyosporea (Opisthokonta incertae sedis), ciliates (Ciliophora), mostly eustigmatophytes (Ochrophyta), fungi (Ascomycota), vertebrates (Chordata), flatworms (Platyhelminthes), and green plants (Streptophyta) were also detected. The dietary composition of A. majusculus remained consistent irrespective of body size or sex. However, there was pronounced seasonal variation between summer samples and those from spring and fall, as demonstrated by beta-diversity analyses. These findings provide valuable insights into the dietary composition and seasonal variations of A. majusculus and highlight the need to protect and restore aquatic habitats and regulate water flow from weirs to ensure the consistent availability of essential food resources for effective habitat management strategies of this endangered species.
EVALUATION OF RHA/BLA POZZOLANIC CEMENT CONCRETE PROPERTIES
Authors: Ikumapayi C. M. , Omotayo O. O. , Akande S. P. , Lawrence R. O.
Published: September 2024

In this study, the effects of using ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a binary pozzolanic cement and combining it with bamboo leaf ash (BLA) and rice husk ash (RHA) were investigated. Three kinds of pozzolanic cement concrete mixes were prepared using BLA, RHA, and a binary combination of equal proportions of RHA and BLA, each of which was used to partially replace OPC at 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% respectively in concrete. A total of one hundred and thirty-two cube specimens of 150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm were prepared using 1:2:4 concrete mix and 0.55 water-cement ratio. Slump and compaction factor tests were conducted on the fresh concrete, and compressive strength tests were conducted on the hardened concrete at 7, 21, 28, and 56 days of curing. The results obtained from the research show that the addition of BLA, RHA, and RHA/BLA binary composition pozzolans greatly improved the workability and compressive strength of concrete, with an optimum replacement level of 8%. Additional statistical studies demonstrate that their substitution did not materially affect the concrete compressive strength at this level of replacement. As a result, these pozzolans are advised to replace OPC in concrete partially, with a preference for RHA due to its superior performance.
Characterizing urban heat islands in karst areas-the case of Kunming and Guiyang in Southwest China
Authors: Fan Ruixue , Wu Yangyang , Chen Qiwei , Wang Youjin , Li Lianjin , Shi Dongyu , Xu Rong , Xia Yuting , Cheng Yuting
Published: September 2024

Urban heat island (UHI) has posed a threat to sustainable development, and the identification of the spatial characteristics of UHI is a prerequisite for the mitigation of UHI effects. Taking Kunming City and Guiyang City in the karst region of Southwest China as two examples, this study utilized spatial econometric modeling and random forest regression to identify and compare the spatial distribution and impact of urban heat islands related to topographic and urban morphology. The results indicated that the UHI in Kunming and Guiyang mainly monocentrically and polycentrically distributed, respectively, and the urban heat island intensity (UHII) in Kunming was significantly higher than that in Guiyang. The spatial error model effectively reflected the influence of topography and urban form on UHII, and the random forest regression model objectively measured the contribution of different influencing factors to UHII. Enhanced vegetation index (EVI), population density (PD), percentage of impervious surface (PIS), ground sky view factor (GSVF), building density (BD) and percentage of water bodies (PW) had similar effects and contributions to the UHII in the two cities, while urban surface roughness (USR) contributed less than topographic slope (SLOPE) on UHII in Kunming, and the SLOPE contributed less than USR in Guiyang. In the karst ecologically fragile zone, the morphology of Kunming and Guiyang are mainly shaped by the topography, which can be characterized as monocentric and polycentric, respectively. And the UHI distribution and UHII were also closely related to topographic patterns. EVI, SLOPE and PW, all showed inhibitory effects on UHII, and EVI contributed the most. PD, PIS, USR and BD, exacerbate the UHII, with PD contributing the most. The above conclusions can provide a reference for policymakers and urban planners to optimize urban morphology and mitigate urban heat island.
Knockdown of Thitarodes host genes influences dimorphic transition of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in the host hemolymph
Authors: Sun Tanqi , Jin Yongling , Rao Zhongchen , Liyan Wang , Tang Rui , Zaryab Khalid Muhammad , Li Mingyan , Li Zhenhao , Wang Ying , Xu Jing , Han Richou , Cao Li
Published: September 2024

The Chinese cordyceps, a unique parasitic complex of Thitarodes/Hepialus ghost moths and Ophiocordyceps sinensis fungus in the Tibetan Plateau, is a highly valuable biological resource for medicine and health foods in Asian countries. Efficient system for artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps relies on understanding the gene functions involved in the induction of growing blastospores into hyphae in the larval hemolymph of insect host, during O. sinensis infection. Transcriptome analysis and ribonucleic acid interference (RNA interference) method were employed to identify the key differentially expressed genes and to demonstrate their functions in Thitarodes xiaojinensis. Key larval genes critical for O. sinensis blastospore development or filamentation were identified. Nine of the 20 top upregulated genes encoded cuticles proteins, indicating that these proteins highly activated when the larval hemolymph was full of blastospores. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of five larval genes such as Flightin, larval cuticle protein LCP-30, 26-hydroxylase (CYP18A1), cuticle protein 18.6, isoform B, and probable chitinase 3 significantly stimulated the dimorphic transition from blastospores to prehyphae in O. sinensis in the larval hemolymph after 120 h after injection. The expressions of these genes determined by quantitative real-time PCR were suppressed in various levels from 38.64% to 91.54%, compared to the controls. These results demonstrated that injection of the siRNAs of key upregulated genes into the larval hemolymph containing high load of blastospores caused the gene silence in T. xiaojinensis larvae and induced the fungal transition from blastospores to prehyphae, providing novel knowledge on the regulation of O. sinensis fungal dimorphism by Thitarodes host and cues for further study of Thitarodes biology and commercial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps.
EhVps35, a retromer component, is a key factor in secretion, motility, and tissue invasion by Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Díaz-Valdez Joselin , Javier-Reyna Rosario , Galindo Ausencio , Salazar-Villatoro Lizbeth , Montaño Sarita , Orozco Esther
Published: September 2024

In humans and Drosophila melanogaster, the functional convergence of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery that is in charge of selecting ubiquitinated proteins for sorting into multivesicular bodies, and the retromer, that is the complex responsible for protein recycling to the plasma membrane and Golgi apparatus. ESCRT and retromer complexes are codependent for protein sorting recycling, degradation, and secretion. In this article, we studied the EhVps35 C isoform (referred to as EhVps35), that is the central member of the Entamoeba histolytica retromer, and its relation with the ESCRT machinery during sorting and protein recycling events and their involvement virulence. Our findings revealed that EhVps35 interacts with at least 300 proteins that participate in multiple cellular processes. Laser confocal and transmission electronic microscopy images, as well as secretion assays, revealed that EhVps35 is secreted in vesicles together with EhVps23 and EhADH (both ESCRT machinery proteins). In addition, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and molecular docking assays revealed the relationship among EhVps35 and other ESCRT machinery proteins. Red blood cell stimulus increased EhVps35 secretion, and the knockdown of the Ehvps35 gene in trophozoites reduced their capacity to migrate and invade tissues. This also impacts the cellular localization of ubiquitin, EhVps23 (ESCRT-I), and EhVps32 (ESCRT-III) proteins, strongly suggesting their functional relationship. Our results, taken together, give evidence that EhVps35 is a key factor in E. histolytica virulence mechanisms and that it, together with the ESCRT machinery components and other regulatory proteins, is involved in vesicle trafficking, secretion, migration, and cell proliferation.
Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine on the treatment of diarrhea by regulating intestinal microbiota and its metabolites based on renal-intestinal axis
Authors: Zhou Tong , Zhang Yifan , Li Zhaoyuan , Lu Chunfeng , Zhao Hong
Published: September 2024

Intestinal microbiota and its metabolites are involved in many physiological processes of the human body and play a vital role in maintaining human health. The occurrence of kidney disease can cause intestinal microbiota imbalance, resulting in diarrhea. The change of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites content can aggravate renal function injury, which has a bidirectional regulating effect. The theory of renal-intestinal axis further clarified that the impaired renal function is related to the imbalance of intestinal microorganisms, and the impaired intestinal barrier is related to the accumulation of toxin products. Because of its unique therapeutic advantages, Traditional Chinese Medicine can treat diarrhea by enhancing the growth of beneficial bacteria, inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and immune regulation, and slow down the continuous deterioration of kidney disease. This paper focuses on the relationship between intestinal microbiota and its metabolites and diarrhea, the influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine on intestinal microbiota in the treatment of diarrhea, and the role of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in the renal-intestinal axis. It provides a theoretical basis for Traditional Chinese Medicine to regulate intestinal microbiota and its metabolites based on the renal-intestinal axis theory to treat nephrology-induced diarrhea, and also provides a new idea and method for Traitional Chinese Medicine to treat nephrology-induced diarrhea.
Preserving earth’s flora in the 21st century: climate, biodiversity, and global change factors since the mid-1940s
Authors: Mosoh Dexter Achu , Prakash Om , Khandel Ashok Kumar , Vendrame Wagner A.
Published: September 2024

Climate change and biodiversity conservation are two of the most urgent challenges of the twenty-first century. Current global climate models indicate that climate-related events will continue to increase in frequency and intensity, leading to severe impacts on ecosystems, particularly plant diversity. Despite the 2015 Paris Agreement, efforts to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius and secure adequate climate financing remain unsatisfactory. In addition, the National Biodiversity Strategic Action Plans (NBSAPs), a core mechanism of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), have faced issues in implementation at the national level. Many NBSAPs lack clear and measurable biodiversity targets, which limits their effectiveness. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of these urgent issues, highlighting the significant challenges and deficiencies in current climate and biodiversity conservation policies. It evaluates the effectiveness of the Kew conservation strategy as a model for protecting and conserving plant diversity. Furthermore, this review underscores the pivotal role of plant tissue culture (PTC) technology in achieving plant conservation targets within the post-2020 global biodiversity framework. This review strongly supports the post-2020 global biodiversity framework and the integration of PTC into global plant conservation strategies to meet the ambitious 30-by-30 targets. This review also advocates for the establishment of the Kew-Wide Mechanism (KWM) to bolster climate resilience, reduce anthropogenic impacts on plant diversity, revitalize global conservation efforts, and accelerate ecosystem restoration in the face of ongoing climate change. Proposed as a comprehensive approach to plant conservation, the KWM offers a strategic, innovative, and scalable solution as the global economy transitions toward decarbonization.
Alterations in novel inflammatory biomarkers during perioperative cardiovascular surgeries involving cardiopulmonary bypass: a retrospective propensity score matching study
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wang He , Li Chen , Ma Qi-min , Gu Yan-hui , Sheng Shu-yue , Ma Shao-lin , Zhu Feng
Published: September 2024

Background

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) triggers a strong inflammatory response in cardiovascular surgery patients during the perioperative period. This article mainly focuses on the perioperative application of novel inflammatory biomarkers in cardiovascular surgeries involving CPB.

Methods

Patients were divided into a CPB group and a non-CPB group according to whether they underwent CPB during cardiovascular surgery. Novel inflammatory biomarkers and clinical results were recorded. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet × neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (SII), and monocyte × platelet × neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (PIV) were calculated. The primary outcomes were perioperative prognosis between the CPB and non-CPB groups. The secondary outcomes included perioperative alterations of novel inflammatory biomarkers in the CPB group and predictive values of novel inflammatory biomarkers for postoperative infection and acute kidney injury.

Results

A total of 332 patients were initially included in the study. Before propensity score matching (PSM), there were 96 patients in the CPB group and 236 patients in the non-CPB group. After PSM, both groups included 58 patients each. Compared with the non-CPB group, the CPB group had a higher proportion of intraoperative transfusion of blood products (63.79% vs. 6.90%, P < 0.001), specifically for red blood cells (58.62% vs. 3.45%, P < 0.001) and plasma (41.38% vs. 1.72, P < 0.001), exhibited a higher drainage fluid volume within 24 h [380 (200–550) ml vs. 200 (24–330) ml, P = 0.002], and required longer durations of mechanical ventilation [14.3 (6.6–21.3) h vs. 5.75 (4.08–10.1) h, P < 0.001] and ICU stay [48.78 (44.92–89.38) h vs. 27.16 (21.67–46.25) h, P < 0.001]. After surgery, NLR [14.00 (9.93–23.08) vs. 11.55 (7.38–17.38), P = 0.043] was higher in the CPB group, while the PIV, PLR, and SII in the CPB group were lower than those in the non-CPB group on the first day after surgery.

Conclusions

Cardiovascular surgeries involving CPB exhibit a poorer prognosis compared to non-CPB procedures. Novel inflammatory biomarkers, including PLR, PIV, and SII, may offer valuable insights into the degree of postoperative inflammation, with NLR emerging as a potentially reliable prognostic indicator.
A systematic scoping review of the multifaceted role of phoenixin in metabolism: insights from in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Muzammil Adiba Najwa , Barathan Muttiah , Yazid Muhammad Dain , Sulaiman Nadiah , Makpol Suzana , Mohamed Ibrahim Norlinah , Jaafar Faizul , Abdullah Nur Atiqah Haizum
Published: September 2024

Phoenixin (PNX) is an emerging neuropeptide that plays a significant role in regulating metabolism and reproduction. This comprehensive review examines findings from human, in vivo, and in vitro studies to elucidate the functions of PNX in metabolic processes. PNX has been identified as a key player in essential metabolic pathways, including energy homeostasis, glucose, lipid and electrolyte metabolism, and mitochondrial dynamics. It modulates food and fluid intake, influences glucose and lipid profiles, and affects mitochondrial biogenesis and function. PNX is abundantly expressed in the hypothalamus, where it plays a crucial role in regulating reproductive hormone secretion and maintaining energy balance. Furthermore, PNX is also expressed in peripheral tissues such as the heart, spleen, and pancreas, indicating its involvement in the regulation of metabolism across central and peripheral systems. PNX is a therapeutic peptide that operates through the G protein-coupled receptor 173 (GPR173) at the molecular level. It activates signaling pathways such as cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) and Epac-ERK, which are crucial for metabolic regulation. Research suggests that PNX may be effective in managing metabolic disorders like obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as reproductive health issues like infertility. Since metabolic processes are closely linked to reproduction, further understanding of PNX’s role in these areas is necessary to develop effective management/treatments. This review aims to highlight PNX’s involvement in metabolism and identify gaps in current knowledge regarding its impact on human health. Understanding the mechanisms of PNX’s action is crucial for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metabolic disorders and reproductive health issues, which are significant public health concerns globally.
Lipocalin-2 drives neuropsychiatric and cutaneous disease in MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Garcia Sayra J. , Mike Elise V. , Zhang Jinghang , Cuda Carla M. , Putterman Chaim
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Approximately 20-40% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), which often manifests as cognitive dysfunction and depression. Currently, there are no approved treatments for NPSLE because its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Identifying relevant mediators and understanding their contribution to pathogenesis are crucial for developing targeted treatment options. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a multifunctional acute-phase protein that plays important roles in immune cell differentiation, migration, and function. LCN2 has been implicated in models of neuroinflammatory disease.

Methods

We generated an LCN2-deficient MRL/lpr mouse to evaluate the effects of LCN2 on this classic NPSLE model. To evaluate the effects of LCN2 deficiency on behavior, the mice underwent a battery of behavioral tests evaluating depression, memory, and anxiety. Flow cytometry was used to quantify immune cell populations in the brain, blood, and secondary lymphoid organs. Cutaneous disease was quantified by scoring lesional skin, and skin infiltrates were quantified through immunofluorescent staining. Systemic disease was evaluated through measuring anti-nuclear antibodies by ELISA.

Results

In this study, we found that LCN2 deficiency significantly attenuates neuropsychiatric and cutaneous disease in MRL/lpr lupus prone mice, likely by decreasing local infiltration of immune cells into the brain and skin and reducing astrocyte activation in the hippocampus. Anti-nuclear antibodies and kidney disease were not affected by LCN2.

Discussion

As there was no effect on systemic disease, our results suggest that the inflammatory effects of LCN2 were localized to the skin and brain in this model. This study further establishes LCN2 as a potential target to ameliorate organ injury in SLE, including neuropsychiatric and cutaneous disease.
An illustrated summary of the prosomeric model
Authors: Puelles Luis
Published: September 2024

This review summarizes and illustrates the assumptions, structure, and updates that apply to the prosomeric model of brain development. The anteroposterior structure is summarized in terms of tagmata, proneuromeres, and neuromeres. The primary dorsoventral structure relates to the four longitudinal zones of His: the floor, basal, alar, and roof plates. There exists a secondary microzonation of these primary longitudinal zones, and the alar plate domains of the neuromeres seem to show in some cases an anteroposterior tripartition. Topological consideration of the axial bending of the brain and practical consequences as regards section planes is presented. The midline, a fundamental reference, is described in detail in terms of floor, roof, and acroterminal components and landmarks. Finally, the relationship of axonal tracts and blood vessels to the subdivisions in the model is briefly treated.
Exploring the relationship between ultrasound parameters and muscle strength in older adults: a meta-analysis of sarcopenia-related exercise performance
Authors: Yuan Han , Kim Maeng-Kyu
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Ultrasound (US) imaging has emerged as a promising tool for assessing age-related muscle changes. This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the associations between US parameters and muscle strength, as well as sarcopenia-related functional performance in older adults by integrating data from multiple studies.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase until June 2023. Studies reporting Pearson’s correlation coefficients between US parameters [echo intensity (EI), muscle thickness (MT), cross-sectional area (CSA), pinnations angle (PA), fascicle length (FL)] and measures of muscle strength or physical performance in older adults were included. Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effects model and presented in forest plots. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2, and publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s test.

Results

Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed moderate to strong correlations between EI, MT, and CSA with muscle strength. However, no significant associations were found between US parameters and gait speed. For chair stand tests, the strength of associations varied by test type, with weak correlations observed between echo intensity and muscle thickness with sit-to-stand tests. US parameters did not exhibit significant correlations with the Timed Up and Go test.

Conclusion

Ultrasonographic measurements of echo intensity (EI) and muscle thickness (MT) demonstrated moderate to strong correlations with muscle strength and functional assessments related to sarcopenia. To enhance the accuracy of sarcopenia diagnosis and the effectiveness of management strategies, there is a need for larger, longitudinal studies that evaluate a comprehensive range of ultrasonographic parameters.

Systematic review registration

https://inplasy.com, identifier INPLASY202410086.
Breastfeeding: science and knowledge in pediatric obesity prevention
Authors: Muraglia Marilena , Faienza Maria Felicia , Tardugno Roberta , Clodoveo Maria Lisa , Matias De la Cruz Carmen , Bermúdez Fátima German , Munizaga María Gabriela , Valencia Luz , Corbo Filomena , Orellana-Manzano Andrea
Published: September 2024

The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide is a significant concern due to its link to severe health issues in adulthood, such as non-communicable diseases (NCDs). To address this issue, this review evaluates the effectiveness of various preventive measures for childhood obesity, focusing on maternal nutrition and breastfeeding. The study underscores the criticality of the periconceptional period, where the diets of both parents can influence epigenetic modifications that impact the child’s metabolic pathways and obesity risks. Breastfeeding is a potent protective mechanism against early-onset obesity, significantly enhancing the infant’s metabolic and immune health by modifying DNA methylation and gene expression. Furthermore, the perspective underscores the significance of the Mediterranean diet during the periconceptional period and lactation. This diet can effectively prevent gestational complications and improve breast milk quality, fostering optimal infant development. Recognizing that obesity results from genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and social factors, the paper advocates for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach from the earliest stages of life. This approach champions a balanced maternal diet, exclusive breastfeeding, and timely introduction to complementary foods. In conclusion, addressing pediatric obesity requires a multifaceted strategy emphasizing improving prenatal and postnatal nutrition. Further research is necessary to understand the epigenetic mechanisms influenced by nutrition and their long-term effects on children’s health. This will help refine interventions that curb the obesity epidemic among future generations.
Aplospojaveedins A–C, unusual sulfur-containing alkaloids produced by the endophytic fungus Aplosporella javeedii using OSMAC strategy
Authors: Gao Ying , Frank Marian , Teusch Nicole , Woschko Dennis , Janiak Christoph , Mándi Attila , Kurtán Tibor , Hartmann Rudolf , Schiedlauske Katja , van Geelen Lasse , Kalscheuer Rainer , Kaiser Jesko , Gertzen Christoph G. W. , Gohlke Holger , Wang Bin-Gui , Proksch Peter , Liu Zhen
Published: September 2024

Three sulfur-containing alkaloids aplospojaveedins A–C (1–3) with a hitherto undescribed carbon skeleton comprising octahy-dronaphthalene, α, β-unsaturated lactam and glycine-cysteine moieties were isolated from Aplosporella javeedii. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, HR-MS, X-ray diffraction analysis, DFT-NMR and TDDFT-ECD calculations. A plausible biosynthetic pathway and putative targets are described. The blind docking suggested that 1–3 may have functional effects on several putative targets such as the GPCR cannabinoid receptor 2 or the integrin α5β1 complex.
Genome wide structural prediction of ABC transporter systems in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Mahendran Ashwin , Orlando Benjamin J.
Published: September 2024

ABC transporters are a diverse superfamily of membrane protein complexes that utilize the binding/hydrolysis of ATP to power substrate movement across biological membranes or perform mechanical work. In bacteria, these transporters play essential roles in biochemical processes ranging from nutrient uptake and protein secretion to antibiotic resistance and cell-wall remodeling. Analysis of the complete genome sequence of the Gram-positive organism Bacillus subtilis has previously revealed that ABC transporters comprise the largest family of proteins across the entire genome. Despite the widespread presence of these transporters in B. subtilis, relatively few experimental structures of ABC transporters from this organism have been determined. Here we leverage the power of AlphaFold-Multimer to predict the 3-dimensional structure of all potential ABC transporter complexes that have been identified from bioinformatic analysis of the B. subtilis genome. We further classify the ABC transporters into discrete classes based on their predicted architecture and the presence or absence of distinct protein domains. The 3-dimensional structure predictions presented here serve as a template to understand the structural and functional diversity of ABC transporter systems in B. subtilis and illuminate areas in which further experimental structural validation is warranted.
Prevalence of single-nucleotide variants in twenty-five pharmacogenes from a Cuban sample cohort
Authors: Reyes-Reyes Elizabeth , Herrera-Isidrón José Alfredo , Cuétara-Lugo Elizabeth , Shkedy Zhiv , Valkenborg Dirk , Pérez-Novo Claudina Angela , Fernández-Peña Gisselle , González-Pérez Idania , Fernández-Pérez Miguel David , Vanden-Berghe Wim , Rodeiro-Guerra Idania
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The Cuban population is genetically diverse, and information on the prevalence of genetic variants is still limited. As complex admixture processes have occurred, we hypothesized that the frequency of pharmacogenetic variants and drug responses may vary within the country. The aims of the study were to describe the frequency distribution of 43 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) from 25 genes of pharmacogenetic interest within the Cuba population and in relation to other populations, while taking into consideration some descriptive variables such as place of birth and skin color.

Materials and Methods

SNVs were analyzed in 357 unrelated healthy Cuban volunteers. Genotype, allele frequencies, and ancestry proportions were determined, and the pairwise fixation index (FST ) was evaluated.

Results

Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) deviations in six loci (rs11572103, rs2740574, rs776746, rs3025039, rs861539, and rs1762429) were identified. Minor allele frequencies (MAFs) ranged from 0.00 to 0.15 for variants in genes encoding xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. They also ranged from 0.01 to 0.21 for variants in DNA repair, growth factors, methyltransferase, and methyl-binding proteins, while they ranged from 0.04 to 0.27 for variants in the O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase enzyme. Moderate genetic divergence was observed upon comparison to Africans (FST = 0.071 and SD 0.079), with 19 markers exhibiting moderate-to-large genetic differentiation. The average European, African, and Amerindian ancestry proportions were 67.8%, 27.2%, and 5.3%, respectively. Ancestry proportions differed by skin color and birthplace for both African and European components, with the exception of the European component, which showed no significant difference between individuals from Western and Eastern regions. Meanwhile, the statistical significance varied in comparisons by skin color and birthplace within the Amerindian component. Low genetic divergence was observed across geographical regions. We identified 12 variants showing moderate-to-large differentiation between White/Black individuals.

Conclusion

Altogether, our results may support national strategies for the introduction of pharmacogenetic tools in clinical practice, contributing to the development of precision medicine in Cuba.
Unique responses of the fixed stoichiometric TRPC1–TRPC5 concatemer to G proteins
Authors: Kang Hana , So Insuk
Published: September 2024

Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC)5 channel is a non-selective cation channel that plays a significant role in membrane depolarization and calcium influx. TRPC5 not only forms homotetramers itself but also heterotetramers with TRPC1. However, accurately testing and confirming these heterotetrameric channels at specific ratios has proven challenging. Therefore, creating heteromeric concatemers of TRPC5 and TRPC1 with a fixed stoichiometry of 1:1 becomes essential. This study aims to meticulously identify and reaffirm the properties of TRPC5 homomers and heteromers with a 1:1 fixed stoichiometry to determine the optimal ratio for the TRPC1/5 heterotetramer. The overall characteristics were consistent with those of the previous studies, but several specific features were different. The TRPC1–TRPC5 concatemer is activated by Englerin A and GiQL, whereas carbachol alone does not trigger its activation. Additionally, GqQL significantly inhibited the current when co-expressed with the concatemer. Interestingly, carbachol can activate the TRPC1–TRPC5 concatemer in the presence of internal GTPγS, highlighting the influence of intracellular signaling conditions on its activation. Meanwhile, the TRPC5–TRPC5 concatemer is responsive to both carbachol and Englerin A. In conclusion, we provide evidence that the TRPC1–TRPC5 heteromeric concatemer with fixed stoichiometry need specific conditions to respond to carbachol, whereas the TRPC5–TRPC5 homomeric concatemer responds physiologically to carbachol. Additional research may be necessary to ascertain the optimal stoichiometry for the TRPC1–TRPC5 concatemer to enhance its electrophysiological properties.
Unveiling the imprinted dance: how parental genomes orchestrate seed development and hybrid success
Authors: Muthusamy Muthusamy , Pandian Subramani , Shin Eun-Kyuong , An Ho-Keun , Sohn Soo-In
Published: September 2024

Parental epigenetic asymmetries, which contribute to the monoallelic expression of genes known as imprints, play a critical role in seed development in flowering plants. Primarily, differential DNA methylation patterns and histone modifications on parental alleles form the molecular basis of gene imprinting. Plants predominantly exhibit this non-Mendelian inheritance phenomenon in the endosperm and the early embryo of developing seeds. Imprinting is crucial for regulating nutrient allocation, maintaining seed development, resolving parental conflict, and facilitating evolutionary adaptation. Disruptions in imprinted gene expression, mediated by epigenetic regulators and parental ploidy levels, can lead to endosperm-based hybridization barriers and hybrid dysfunction, ultimately reducing genetic diversity in plant populations. Conversely, imprinting helps maintain genetic stability within plant populations. Imprinted genes likely influence seed development in various ways, including ensuring proper endosperm development, influencing seed dormancy, and regulating seed size. However, the functions of most imprinted genes, the evolutionary significance of imprinting, and the long-term consequences of imprinting disruptions on plant development and adaptation need further exploration. Thus, it is clear that research on imprinting has immense potential for improving our understanding of plant development and ultimately enhancing key agronomic traits. This review decodes the possible genetic and epigenetic regulatory factors underpinning genomic imprinting and their positive and negative consequences on seed development. This study also forecasts the potential implications of exploiting gene imprinting for crop improvement programs.
Methamphetamine abuse impairs sequential working memory
Authors: Yao Wang , Zhang Hao , Li Shuaiqi , Song Sensen , Ye Zheng , Zhou Xiaolin
Published: September 2024

The ability to maintain and manipulate sequential information in working memory, referred to as sequential working memory, plays a vital role in our daily life. While research has shown that methamphetamine abuse affects the neural substrates and the overall functioning of working memory, its specific impact on sequential working memory remains unclear. In this study, we asked 62 abstinent methamphetamine-dependent participants and 59 control participants to complete a digit ordering task in which they saw four digits one-by-one over time and subsequently rearranged them in ascending order. The four digits were presented either randomly in the experimental condition or in ascending order in the control condition. Results show that methamphetamine-dependent participants performed worse than the controls in the experimental condition in which sequential working memory was needed to complete the task, but not in the control condition in which only short-term memory was needed. This finding demonstrates that methamphetamine abuse impairs sequential working memory.
The doctor will not see you now: investigating the social determinants of specialist care using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)
Authors: Lan Marie , Alemu Feben W. , Ali Shehzad
Published: September 2024

Background

The Canada Health Act mandates universal access to medical services for all Canadians. Despite this, there are significant disparities in access based on socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity, immigrant status, and indigeneity. However, there is limited evidence on the use of specialist services among older adults in Canada. The primary objective of this study is to identify the associations of social determinants of health with access to medical specialist services for Canadians aged 45 years and older. The second objective is to identify the reasons for not being able to access the needed specialist care.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging survey was conducted. Based on the Andersen’s model of health services use, a multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate the associations between ‘not being able to access the needed specialist service(s) in the last 12 months’ and individual-level sociodemographic determinants.

Results

Approximately 97% of those who required specialist care in the last year were able to visit a specialist. Of the participants who were not able to access the needed specialist services, about half (50.90%) were still waiting for a visit. The following factors were associated with greater difficulty in accessing specialist care: being younger (45-54 years), living in a rural area, having some post-secondary education, having a household income below $50,000 a year, not having a family physician, and having fair or poor perceived general health. Residents of British Columbia and Nova Scotia had a higher likelihood of reporting difficulty compared to those residing in Ontario.

Conclusion

While a majority of respondents were able to access specialist services when needed, those who had difficulty in accessing care were more likely to come from socially marginalized groups. Targeted policy interventions and improved health system coordination can reduce these barriers to care.