bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación funcional en futbolistas juveniles chilenos: análisis comparativo por posición
Authors: Fernández C. Gonzalo , Guiloff K. Rodrigo , Bravo H. Jo´se , Domínguez G. Rodrigo , Figueroa P. David , Calvo R. Rafael , Figueroa B. Francisco , Vaisman B. Alex
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Soccer players present a differentiated development in terms of functional parameters according to the position on the field. However, there are no similar studies in Chile in this regard.
Objective: Measure functional parameters in Chilean soccer players and compares them according to position.
Materials and Methods: 84 young soccer players from a professional team participated. Flexibility and stability were measured with the Functional Movement Screen test. Agility was evaluated with the Pro Agility, the classic Illinois test and the Illinois with “soccer ball” test. Velocity was evaluated with 30 meters sprint test. Muscle power was determined through vertical jumps. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis (p <0,05).
Results: Sample age 15.781.13. Forwards performed the Pro Agility in less time than goalkeepers (p = 0.009), defenders (p = 0.047) and midfielders (p = 0.022). Goalkeepers performed both Illinois in a longer time (p = 0.001). In 30 meters sprint test, forwards were faster than goalkeepers (p = 0.019) and defenses (p = 0.031). Muscular power estimated with the Sayers formula for Countermovement jump was higher in goalkeepers than in midfielders (p = 0.01).
Discussion: Forwards are more agile according to Pro Agility than other positions and faster than goalkeepers and defenders. The goalkeepers showed significantly less agility in both Illinois tests than the other positions, but more power than the midfielders. Flexibility and stability were similar between positions. These results can be used by coaches to assign positions, select young players and specifically improve weaker skills.
Factors Associated With Disease-Modifying Therapy Adherence and Persistence in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Literature Review
Authors: Ben-Zacharia Aliza Bitton , Walker Bryan , Ross Amy Perrin , Tornatore Carlo , Edwards Natalie C. , Lipman Yvette , Phillips Amy L.
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMT) show published adherence rates of 27.0% to 93.8% and published persistence rates of 49.7% to 96.5%. Improvements in DMT adherence and persistence are key to optimizing MS care, and enhanced understanding could improve MS disease management and identify research gaps. This scoping literature review aims to examine the nature and findings of the literature evaluating factors associated with DMT adherence and persistence in patients with MS.

METHODS

Eligible articles included in the literature review were quantitative clinical studies written in English, included adherence or persistence as primary outcomes, and accounted for covariates/confounders. The articles were assessed to identify factors associated with adherence/persistence and analyzed according to DMT type (self-injectable, oral, infusion).

RESULTS

Fifty-eight studies (103,450 patients) were included. Study distribution by DMT type was self-injectable only (n = 41), oral only (n = 2), infusion only (n = 1), and more than 1 type (n = 14). Older age and previous DMT use were associated with increased adherence and/or persistence. Increased alcohol consumption, DMT adverse events, higher education, and higher body mass index were negatively associated with adherence and/or persistence. Greater number and severity of relapses was associated with increased adherence but decreased persistence.

CONCLUSIONS

Most studies examined factors associated with adherence and persistence to self-injectable DMTs. These factors should be evaluated further for oral and infusion DMTs. Insights into the modifiable factors associated with adherence and persistence could guide treatment decisions and help improve adherence and clinical outcomes.
Global solutions for a nonlinear Kirchhoff type equation with viscosity
Authors: Lapa Eugenio Cabanillas
Published: June 2023

In this paper we consider the existence and asymptotic behavior of solutions of the following nonlinear Kirchhoff type problem \[u_{tt}- M\left(\,\displaystyle \int_{\Omega}|\nabla u|^{2}\, dx\right)\triangle u - \delta\triangle u_{t}= \mu|u|^{\rho-2}u\quad \text{in } \Omega \times ]0,\infty[,\] where \[M(s)=\begin{cases}a-bs &\text{for } s \in [0,\frac{a}{b}[,\\ 0, &\text{for } s \in [\frac{a}{b}, +\infty[.\end{cases}\] If the initial energy is appropriately small, we derive the global existence theorem and its exponential decay.
Bicornuate Unicollis Uterus in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion- A Case Report
Authors: Baghel Manas Singh , Tyade Surekha , Bisen Yuganshu
Published: June 2023

Bicornuate Unicollis uterus is a congenital uterine anomaly due to malformation of the paramesonephric ducts, also known as Müllerian ducts, presenting in 3%-5% of the general population. It is relatively rare to associate uterine anomalies and pregnancy outcomes. Patients are often asymptomatic but can present with secondary infertility, disturbances in menstruation, recurrent early and late pregnancy loss, and intrauterine growth restrictions and deaths which can be a sign for the diagnosis of the abovementioned condition. Here, we discuss a case of a 28-year-old female, of low socioeconomic status, presented with a history of white-coloured vaginal discharge and two spontaneous abortions in the last two years. On gynaecological examination, a polyp of 2x2 cm was observed over the anterior lip of the cervix, with curdy white discharge present on per speculum examination. On per vaginum examination, the uterus was found to be anteverted and anteflexed, and the fornices were free. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed it as a bicornuate uterus, and the patient was managed with septum resection and counseled for a successful future pregnancy outcome.
Influence of the Mirror Reflectance Coefficient on the Performance of the Compound Parabolic Trough Concentrator (CPC): Numerical and Experimental Simulation in a Sahelian Environment
Authors: Ouedraogo Souleymane , Zongo Augustin S. , Nzihou Jean-Fidèle , Daho Tizane , Béré Antoine
Published: June 2023

The objective of our study is to numerically and experimentally simulate the CPC operation according to three different values of the mirror reflectance coefficient. The study not only showed the importance of mirror reflectance in the performance of solar collectors but also estimated which of these three values fits well with the reality in the city of Ouagadougou. The thermal exchanges that took place in the CPC were presented. A matlab program was developed for the calculation and simulation of the different parameters of the solar concentrator. The differential equations governing the heat transfers in the different components of the device were discretized by the advanced finite difference method. They were solved by the Gauss-Seidel method. As for the experimental part, it consisted in the direct measurement of the global solar radiation, of the ambient temperature and of the fluid temperature by means of thermocouples placed on the different parts of the sensor. The experimental values are directly recorded with a datalogger. A statistical study was made using some indicators like coefficient of determination of  R2 , root mean square error (RMSE) and percentage of mean absolute error (MAPE). A validation of the obtained results by comparing the calculated values with the experimental values was presented. The results show that among the three values of the reflectance coefficient, the best results on the temperature of the fluid are obtained with the reflectance coefficient equal to 0.68 on the site of Ouagadougou.
Response of Iron and Boron on Growth, Yield and Quality of Safflower Crop (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Kalyan Karnataka
Authors: Ravi S. , Jadhav R. L. , Bhat S. N. , Shankar Kamble Anand
Published: June 2023

The present experiment was carried at Agricultural Research Station, Hagari, Ballari, Karnataka to evaluate the response of iron and boron on growth, yield and quality of safflower during two consecutive years 2020-21. The experiment consisted of seven treatments, includes T1: Absolute control, T2: RDF (40:40:12.5 kg NPK +30 kg Sulphur +15 kg ZnSO4ha-1), T3: RDF + 15 kg FeSO4ha-1, T4: RDF + 1.0 kg Boron ha-1, T5: RDF + 15 kg FeSO4ha-1+ 1.0 kg Boron ha-1, T6: RDF + 20 kg FeSO4ha-1, T7: RDF + 1.5 kg Boron ha-1 and T8: RDF + 20 kg FeSO4ha-1 +1.5 kg Boron ha-1 which replicated thrice in randomized complete block design. The results of the experiment revealed that the combined application of  iron and boron i.e. 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) along with  20  kg iron per ha  and  1.5 kg boron per ha (T8) recorded significantly  maximum plant height (117.0 cm), number of leaves per plant (94.3), number of primary branches per plant (14.1), number of secondary branches per plant (21.3), total dry matter production (2878 kg), number of capsules per plant (36.9), seed weight per head (0.94), thousand seed weight (68.5 g), and seed yield (15.96 q ). Further, the quality parameters such as protein (15.5 %) and oil content (28.8 %) were significantly enhanced in same treatment.
Evaluation of Genotypes against Bacterial Blight and Tobacco Streak Virus Diseases in Cotton
Authors: Bhaskar A. Vijaya
Published: June 2023

Cotton screening was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS) in Warangal, Telangana, India. The experimental material consisted of 52 cotton germplasms and 13Bt cotton hybrids with a check were tested against bacterial blight and tobacco streak virus diseases duringKharif-2016 at RARS,Warangal. Out of 52 cotton germplasms,17 entries viz.,HYPS-152,H-1250,RAH-4,KH-2244N,LH-900,SA-434,RAH-12,JK-354,GBHU-164,NA-340,BS-37,TCH-724, ICMF-23,ICMF-20,SA-1004,ARB-89001 and BB-2 were found resistant to bacterial blight disease and eighteen entries namely.,SA-53-1,RHH-101,KH-2244N,KH-134,TCH-1649,NH-557,IH-08,PH-1008,TCH-724,JK-205,MRK-38,LH-2170,AKH-2822,ARB-8901,G-COT-10,JK2764,CCH 1071 and CCH-11germplasms were noticed tobacco streak virus disease rating scale 0 (Immune). Out of 13 Bt cotton hybrids , two entries viz., Balhwan and Raja were moderately resistant to bacterial blight disease and eleven entries namely viz., Bhakti, Raja, Balhwan, Akka, First class,RCH-812,Ankur-3224,ACH-199,RCH-836,RCH-812 and ATM entries were showed disease rating scale 1(resistant) to tobacco streak virus disease.
The Knowledge of Improved Onion Production Practices of Farmers in Gaya, District in Bihar
Authors: Verma Jaiky , Bose Dipak Kumar
Published: June 2023

A study was conducted in Gaya District of Bihar during the 2022-23 period to assess the level of knowledge among farmers regarding improved onion production practices. The study selected a total of 120 respondents from five villages within the Bodhgaya block, based on the high concentration of onion growers in the district. The data was collected through personnel interviews using a pre-structured interview schedule and subsequently analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents (62.5%) belonged to the middle age range, and 43.33% of them had marginal land holdings. Most respondents had a moderate level of extension contact, scientific orientation, risk orientation, and economic motivation. Additionally, 64.17% of the respondents exhibited a medium level of knowledge regarding onion production practices. The respondents displayed a good understanding of topics such as soil types, ploughing, farmyard manure (FYM) application, onion varieties, seed treatment, sowing time, nursery transplanting, seed rate, weeding and hoeing, and the suitable season for growing and harvesting onions. However, they had relatively less knowledge about seed treatment and nursery transplanting. Furthermore, factors such as age, educational qualifications, family size, housing patterns, land holdings, annual income, extension contact, source of information, scientific orientation, economic motivation, and risk-bearing capacity showed positive and significant correlations with the knowledge levels of onion growers. In summary, the study demonstrated that farmers in the Gaya District of Bihar had varying levels of knowledge regarding improved onion production practices. While they possessed a good understanding of certain aspects, there were areas where their knowledge could be further enhanced.
Unveiling the Synergy of Interfacial Contact and Defects in α‐Fe2O3 for Enhanced Photo‐Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Su Yikun , Yu Weirui , Liao Liming , Xiong Xinbo , Chen Huanwen , Hu Lingzhi , Lei Tongjia , Zhao Jinlai , Chen Dong , Mai Wenjie
Published: June 2023

Photo‐electrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising method for converting solar energy into clean energy, but the mechanism of improving PEC efficiency through the interfacial contact and defect strategy remains highly controversial. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and oxygen vacancies are introduced into α‐Fe2O3 nanorod (NR) arrays using a simple spin‐coating method and acid treatment. The resultant oxygen vacancy–α‐Fe2O3/rGO‐integrated system exhibits a higher photocurrent, four times than the pristine α‐Fe2O3. It is well evidenced that the electronic interface interaction between α‐Fe2O3 and rGO is boosted with the oxygen vacancies, facilitating electron transfer from α‐Fe2O3 to rGO. Moreover, the oxygen vacancies not only create interband states in α‐Fe2O3 that can trap photogenerated holes and thus facilitate charge separation but significantly also strengthen the adsorption of oxidative intermediates and reduce the energy barrier of rate‐determining step during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This study demonstrates an rGO–oxygen vacancy synergistic interfacial contact and defect modification approach to design semiconducting photocatalysts for high‐efficiency solar energy capture and conversion. The generated principle is expected to be extendable to another material system.
Quantified Uniformity and Selectivity of TiO2 Films in 45‐nm Half Pitch Patterns Using Area‐Selective Deposition Supercycles
Authors: Nye Rachel A. , Van Dongen Kaat , de Marneffe Jean‐François , Parsons Gregory N. , Delabie Annelies
Published: June 2023

Area‐selective deposition (ASD) shows great promise for sub‐10 nm manufacturing in nanoelectronics, but significant challenges remain in scaling to ultrasmall dimensions and understanding feature‐dependent nonuniformity and selectivity loss. This work addresses these problems by simultaneously quantifying uniformity and selectivity for passivation/deposition/etch supercycles in 45 nm half‐pitch TiN/SiO2 line/space patterns. This work employs three selective processes that are uniquely suited for supercycle processing: dimethylamino‐trimethylsilane (DMA‐TMS) inhibition, TiO2 atomic layer deposition (ALD), and HBr/BCl3 plasma etch. The DMA‐TMS inhibition selectively passivates the SiO2 nongrowth surface without affecting deposition on the TiN and TiO2 growth surfaces. The plasma etch removes TiO2 defect particles at a faster rate than the conformal TiO2 film or SiO2 lines. Using three supercycles of this process, this work demonstrates 8 nm of TiO2 with 88% uniformity and ≈100% selectivity according to transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a 2×improvement in film thickness from previous reports in similar nanoscale patterns. Integrated consideration of uniformity and selectivity at specific feature scales will facilitate the effective design of selective deposition processes for nanoscale electronic devices.
A Photo‐Thermoelectric Twist to Wireless Energy Transfer: Radial Flexible Thermoelectric Device Powered by a High‐Power Laser Beam
Authors: Maia Margarida , Pires Ana L. , Rocha Mariana , Ferreira‐Teixeira Sofia , Robalinho Paulo , Frazão Orlando , Furtado Cristina , Califórnia António , Machado Vasco , Bogas Sarah , Ferreira César , Machado João , Sousa Luís , Luis Uxia G. , San-Juan Alejandro M. G. , Crespo Pedro O. , Medina Fermin N. , Sande Carlos U. , Marino Alejandro C. , González Guillermo R. , Pereira Andreia T. , Agelet Fernando A. , Jamier Raphael , Roy Philippe , Leconte Baptiste , Auguste Jean‐Louis , Pereira André M.
Published: June 2023

Systems for wireless energy transmission (WET) are gaining prominence nowadays. This work presents a WET system based on the photo‐thermoelectric effect. With an incident laser beam at λ = 1450 nm, a temperature gradient is generated in the radial flexible thermoelectric (TE) device, with a carbon‐based light collector in its center to enhance the photoheating. The three‐part prototype presents a unique approach by using a radial TE device with one simple manufacturing process ‐ screen‐printing. A TE ink with a polymeric matrix of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate and doped‐Poly(vinyl alcohol) with Sb‐Bi‐Te microparticles is developed (S∽33 µVK−1 and s∽10.31 Sm−1), presenting mechanical and electrical stability. Regarding the device, a full electrical analysis is performed, and the influence of the light collector is investigated using thermal tests, spectrophotometry, and numerical simulations. A maximum output voltage (Vout) of ∽16 mV and maximum power density of ∽25 µWm−2 are achieved with Plaser = 2 W. Moreover, the device's viability under extreme conditions is explored. At T∽180 K, a 25% increase in Vout compared to room‐temperature conditions is achieved, and at low pressures (∽10‒6 Torr), an increase of 230% is obtained. Overall, this prototype allows the supply of energy at long distances and remote places, especially for space exploration.
High‐Speed Data Communication for Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Han Yiming , Nie Jiaheng , Ren Junjin , Cui Xin , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerator‐based environmental energy harvesting technology is not only for the applications of the Internet of Things but also has a revolutionary impact on traditional industrial fields. Advanced oil and natural gas drilling technology, for example, horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, has important environmental concerns about water and atmospheric pollution. High data transmission rates and visual and real‐time monitoring are considered potential solutions to avoid both economic and environmental problems. The current data transmission rate for oil and gas drilling is just 5–40 bits per second, despite commercial fifth generation (5G) and future sixth generation (6G) wireless communication technologies with data rates of 10–1000 gigabits per second. Herein, a self‐powered while‐drilling communications system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator is reported. The data transmission rate is three orders of magnitude higher than the traditional method. The free‐standing layered mode triboelectric nanogenerators (FS‐TENGs) can achieve fast information transfer using the harvested energy from the vibration of the pipe wall.
Self‐Powered Position Monitoring System Based on Insole‐Type Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Bluetooth Beacon
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Guoxu , Cao Jie , Fu Xianpeng , Fan Beibei , Qin Yuhan , Wang Zhaozheng , Zhang Zhi , Chen Yuanfen , Zhang Chi
Published: June 2023

With the advancement of internet of things and wireless sensing technology, the need for personnel track and position monitoring are greatly increasing. Commercial global positioning system (GPS) and Global system for mobile communications (GSM) position methods cannot meet the demand for low power consumption and three‐dimensional indoor position monitoring. Herein, a self‐powered position monitoring system (SPMS) based on an insole‐type wearable triboelectric nanogenerator (IW‐TENG) and Bluetooth beacon for human kinetic energy harvesting and sustainable position monitoring is proposed. The SPMS consists of an insole‐type wearable triboelectric nanogenerator, an energy management module (EMM), and a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacon module. Benefitting from the multilayers structure, a maximum energy of 120 µJ per step can be harvested by the IW‐TENG with EMM for a typical adult. By every 3–4 steps, SPMS can transmit Bluetooth signals to obtain the location information. A single BLE signal transmission consumes only 136 µJ, and the transmission distance can reach 100 m. The SPMS is applied to intelligent attendance in office rooms and shows great prospects in intelligent navigation and trajectory tracking in local area network.
Cancer Traps: Implantable and On‐Chip Solutions for Early Cancer Detection and Treatment
Authors: Caballero David , Reis Rui L. , Kundu Subhas C.
Published: June 2023

Cancer continues to be a major global health issue causing millions of deaths annually. While traditional therapeutic methods may be effective in many cases, they may not be suitable for highly metastatic cancers. Moreover, the late detection of tumors, when they have already spread and are harder to treat, further exacerbates the challenge in managing this disease. As a result, there is a growing interest in developing complementary tissue‐engineered approaches for early cancer diagnosis and treatment to enhance patient recovery. Bioengineered cancer traps have gained significant attention due to their efficacy and ease of use. These trapping systems employ (bio)chemical and mechanical strategies to selectively capture and limit the spread of cancer cells, leading to their eradication from the body. Furthermore, when integrated into microfluidic devices, these cancer traps‐on‐a‐chip can be used for liquid biopsy and the early detection of circulating tumor cells and other tumor‐derived material, allowing for precision medicine treatments. Herein, this innovative approach to cancer theranostics, including its mechanism of action, current stage of development, and potential advantages and limitations is discussed.
Multicolor Patterning Inside a Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Zhang Yusheng , Su Yuming , Fan Xiaolin , Zhao Boxuan , Hua Xin , Dai Bingling , Wang Cheng
Published: June 2023

Three‐dimensional (3D) patterning of fluorescent structures in metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is useful for fabricating MOF‐based devices for sensing and data storage. This work creates 3D multicolor patterns in an MOF crystal by sequentially printing different substructures with different dye molecules incorporated. Printed multicolor 3D arrays inside MOF crystal are used for 3D optical data storage. Each color dot can represent four‐digit information 0, 1, 2, 3 as compared to the 0,1 by a bit, using three colors plus the blank to convey the information. Through the combination of different initiator molecules of different emission colors, the data storage density is expected to increase further.
Deep‐Red InP Core‐Multishell Quantum Dots for Highly Bright and Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Huang Pan , Liu Xiaonan , Jin Geyu , Liu Fangze , Shen Huaibin , Li Hongbo
Published: June 2023

InP‐based quantum dots (QDs) are one of the most promising heavy‐metal‐free materials for light‐emitting applications to substitute cadmium‐analogous QDs. With a bulk band gap of 1.35 eV, InP QDs can be made to emit light in the deep red and even near‐infrared region by adjusting the size. Deep‐red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are of great interest for promoting the growth of plants and accurate red LED displays. However, the synthesis and the fabrication of InP‐based quantum‐dot LEDs (QLEDs) emitting in the deep red region are still under development. Here, the study reports deep‐red InP/ZnSe/ZnSeS/ZnS core‐shell QDs with a photoluminescence (PL) emission peak at 680 nm and a PL quantum yield up to 95%, which is the highest among reported deep‐red QDs. Multi‐shell with a transition layer of ZnSeS is realized to decrease the lattice mismatch in the shell and increase the shell thickness, which efficiently confines charge carriers and reduces non‐radiative recombinations. In addition, the core‐shell InP QLED achieves a high luminescence of 2263 cd m−2 and an external quantum efficiency up to 6.5%. This report provides a new strategy for promoting the development of deep‐red QLEDs for next‐generation lighting and display devices.
In Situ Passivation of Two‐Dimensional Perovskites by External Electric Field
Authors: Man Tao , Gong Nan , Li Zicheng , Duan Xinyu , Xu Beibei , Song Zixuan , Lin Xing , Tan Dezhi , Liu Xiaofeng , Qiu Jianrong
Published: June 2023

The outstanding performance of halide perovskite makes it one of the champion materials for applications in optoelectronic devices. However, the stability of perovskites limits their practical applications. Among all the factors influencing the stability of perovskites, defects are one of the key factors. Till now, many chemical methods have been proposed to passivate defects. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of in situ passivation methods without the change of the composition of perovskites. Here, it is found that the external electric field can passivate the defects in FPEA2PbI4 (FPEAI = 2‐(4‐Fluorophenyl)ethylamine Hydroiodide) film in a capacitive device at 78 K, and the PL intensity can be enhanced greatly. A “charge‐soaking effect” can be observed, that is PL intensity continues to increase for a long time after removing the electric field. Besides the emission peak from free exciton, two other peaks at the lower energy side from defect‐bound excitons are observed. They are more susceptible to the external electric field than the free exciton. This work will deepen the understanding of exciton behavior and the interaction of electric field with excitons in two–dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskites for efficient light–emitting diodes (LEDs) and electrically pumped lasers. It provides a new in situ passivation method of perovskites for practical applications.
Donafenib and GSK‐J4 Synergistically Induce Ferroptosis in Liver Cancer by Upregulating HMOX1 Expression
Authors: Zheng Chenyang , Zhang Bo , Li Yunyun , Liu Kejia , Wei Wei , Liang Shuhang , Guo Hongrui , Ma Kun , Liu Yao , Wang Jiabei , Liu Lianxin
Published: June 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Donafenib is a multi‐receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of patients with advanced HCC, but its clinical effect is very limited. Here, through integrated screening of a small‐molecule inhibitor library and a druggable CRISPR library, that GSK‐J4 is synthetically lethal with donafenib in liver cancer is shown. This synergistic lethality is validated in multiple HCC models, including xenograft, orthotopically induced HCC, patient‐derived xenograft, and organoid models. Furthermore, co‐treatment with donafenib and GSK‐J4 resulted in cell death mainly via ferroptosis. Mechanistically, through integrated RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin with high throughput sequencing (ATAC‐seq) analyses, that donafenib and GSK‐J4 synergistically promoted the expression of HMOX1 and increased the intracellular Fe2+ level is found, eventually leading to ferroptosis. Additionally, through cleavage under targets & tagmentation followed by sequencing (CUT&Tag‐seq), it is found that the enhancer regions upstream of HMOX1 promoter significantly increased under donafenib and GSK‐J4 co‐treatment. A chromosome conformation capture assay confirmed that the increased expression of HMOX1 is caused by the significantly enhanced interaction between the promoter and upstream enhancer under dual‐drug combination. Taken together, this study elucidates a new synergistic lethal interaction in liver cancer.
Disruption of the Clock Component Bmal1 in Mice Promotes Cancer Metastasis through the PAI‐1‐TGF‐β‐myoCAF‐Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Wu Jieyu , Jing Xu , Du Qiqiao , Sun Xiaoting , Holgersson Kristian , Gao Juan , He Xingkang , Hosaka Kayoko , Zhao Chen , Tao Wei , FitzGerald Garret A. , Yang Yunlong , Jensen Lasse D. , Cao Yihai
Published: June 2023

The circadian clock in animals and humans plays crucial roles in multiple physiological processes. Disruption of circadian homeostasis causes detrimental effects. Here, it is demonstrated that the disruption of the circadian rhythm by genetic deletion of mouse brain and muscle ARNT‐like 1 (Bmal1) gene, coding for the key clock transcription factor, augments an exacerbated fibrotic phenotype in various tumors. Accretion of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), especially the alpha smooth muscle actin positive myoCAFs, accelerates tumor growth rates and metastatic potentials. Mechanistically, deletion of Bmal1 abrogates expression of its transcriptionally targeted plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1). Consequently, decreased levels of PAI‐1 in the tumor microenvironment instigate plasmin activation through upregulation of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase plasminogen activator. The activated plasmin converts latent TGF‐β into its activated form, which potently induces tumor fibrosis and the transition of CAFs into myoCAFs, the latter promoting cancer metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition of the TGF‐β signaling largely ablates the metastatic potentials of colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Together, these data provide novel mechanistic insights into disruption of the circadian clock in tumor growth and metastasis. It is reasonably speculated that normalization of the circadian rhythm in patients provides a novel paradigm for cancer therapy.
Locally Addressable Energy Efficient Actuation of Magnetic Soft Actuator Array Systems
Authors: Richter Michiel , Sikorski Jakub , Makushko Pavlo , Zabila Yevhen , Venkiteswaran Venkatasubramanian Kalpathy , Makarov Denys , Misra Sarthak
Published: June 2023

Advances in magnetoresponsive composites and (electro‐)magnetic actuators have led to development of magnetic soft machines (MSMs) as building blocks for small‐scale robotic devices. Near‐field MSMs offer energy efficiency and compactness by bringing the field source and effectors in close proximity. Current challenges of near‐field MSM are limited programmability of effector motion, dimensionality, ability to perform collaborative tasks, and structural flexibility. Herein, a new class of near‐field MSMs is demonstrated that combines microscale thickness flexible planar coils with magnetoresponsive polymer effectors. Ultrathin manufacturing and magnetic programming of effectors is used to tailor their response to the nonhomogeneous near‐field distribution on the coil surface. The MSMs are demonstrated to lift, tilt, pull, or grasp in close proximity to each other. These ultrathin (80 µm) and lightweight (100 gm−2) MSMs can operate at high frequency (25 Hz) and low energy consumption (0.5 W), required for the use of MSMs in portable electronics.
Bio‐Inspired Highly Brilliant Structural Colors and Derived Photonic Superstructures for Information Encryption and Fluorescence Enhancement
Authors: Liu Xiaoru , Liu Junfu , Wei Boru , Yang Dongpeng , Luo Li , Ma Dekun , Huang Shaoming
Published: June 2023

Inspired by the brilliant and tunable structural colors based on the large refractive index contrast (Δn) and non‐close‐packing structures of chameleon skins, ZnS–silica photonic crystals (PCs) with highly saturated and adjustable colors are fabricated. Due to the large Δn and non‐close‐packing structure, ZnS–silica PCs show 1) intense reflectance (maximal: 90%), wide photonic bandgaps, and large peak areas, 2.6–7.6, 1.6, and 4.0 times higher than those of silica PCs, respectively; 2) tunable colors by simply adjusting the volume fraction of particles with the same size, more convenient than the conventional way of altering particle sizes; and 3) a relatively low threshold of PC's thickness (57 µm) possessing maximal reflectance compared to that (>200 µm) of the silica PCs. Benefiting from the core–shell structure of the particles, various derived photonic superstructures are fabricated by co‐assembling ZnS–silica and silica particles into PCs or by selectively etching silica or ZnS of ZnS–silica/silica and ZnS–silica PCs. A new information encryption technique is developed based on the unique reversible “disorder–order” switch of water‐responsive photonic superstructures. Additionally, ZnS–silica PCs are ideal candidates for enhancing fluorescence (approximately tenfold), approximately six times higher than that of silica PC.
In Situ Constructing Polymer Conductors with Aromatic Side Chains Functionalized Sb2Se3 Complex for Enhanced Potassium Motion
Authors: Qin Guohui , Liu Bingbing , Liu Yihui , Xiao Yaoyao , Liu Fusheng , Wang Lei
Published: June 2023

The conversion/alloying‐type electrode has promising potential in next‐generation large‐scale energy storage. However, it is plagued by vast volume expansion, the sluggish ion transport capability due to the anion migration and the deficient geometric conformation. Herein, an ultrastable Sb2Se3 anode is elaborately designed for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) through combined strategies of expedited side‐chain transport with bulky polar groups and stable molecular conformations. By rendering flexible polymer conductor (PC), hyaluronic acid conjugated dopamine, (named as HD) with a dissociated tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD) side chain, i.e., THD, via the in situ growth protocol over the hollow nitrogen‐doped polyhedron carbon (NC) confined Mn‐Sb2Se3 nanospheres (THD/Mn‐Sb2Se3@NC) grafting multipolar intramolecular covalent bonds, the fabricated THD/Mn‐Sb2Se3@NC displays gloriously enhanced side chain transport capability along with planarity and rigidity, benefiting from the finely decoupled segmental motion of the polymer chains and the dislocated π–π electrons. Consequently, THD/Mn‐Sb2Se3@NC exhibits superior fast‐charging behavior with a wider temperature adaptability from −50 °C to 80 °C. The findings provide fundamental guidance for developing advanced electrodes with outstanding side chain transport kinetics that go beyond safe, high‐performance PIBs.
Suppression of Undesired Losses in Organometal Halide Perovskite‐Based Photoanodes for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Choi Hojoong , Kim Young Yun , Seo Sehun , Jung Yoonsung , Yoo So‐Min , Moon Chan Su , Jeon Nam Joong , Lee Sanseong , Lee Kwanghee , Toma Francesca M. , Seo Jangwon , Lee Sanghan
Published: June 2023

Organometal halide perovskites (OHPs) have become potential candidates for high‐efficiency photoelectrodes for use in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, undesired losses, such as the non‐radiative recombination of photogenerated carriers and sluggish reaction kinetics of PEC water splitting, are the main limitations to achieving maximum efficiency for OHP‐based photoelectrodes. Herein, high‐efficiency OHP‐based photoanodes with a rational design that suppresses the undesired losses is reported. As a rational design for OHP‐based photoanodes, the defect‐passivated electron transport layers effectively suppress the undesired recombination of photogenerated carriers from the OHP layers. In addition, Fe‐doped Ni3S2 with a high catalytic activity promotes the reaction kinetics of PEC water oxidation, thereby suppressing the undesired losses at the interface between the OHP photoanodes and electrolytes. The fabricated Fe‐doped Ni3S2/Ni foil/OHP photoanodes exhibit a remarkable applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency of 12.79%, which is the highest of the previously reported OHP‐based photoanodes by suppressing undesired losses. The strategies for achieving high‐efficiency OHP‐based photoanodes provide insights into the rational design of photoelectrodes based on OHPs.
Topological Phase Transition with Larger Winding Number in the Non‐Hermitian Dimerized Lattice
Authors: Qi Lu , Han Ning , Wang Hong‐Fu , He Ai‐Lei
Published: June 2023

The topological phase transitions among normal insulator phase, two kinds of topological insulator phases, and topological semimetal phase are shown based on the non‐Hermitian dimerized Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model with the nonreciprocal intercell and long‐range hopping. In contrast to the previous work, it is found that the topological insulator phase in the present SSH model can hold the larger non‐Bloch winding number accompanied by exceptional winding of the generalized Brillouin zone around the gap‐closing points. Compared with the usual topological insulator phase in non‐Hermitian SSH model, the topological insulator with the larger winding number owns two pairs of zero energy modes with a distinct form of edge localization in the gap. The physical mechanism of the distinct edge localization for zero energy modes via a equivalent Hermitian version of the non‐Hermitian SSH model is revealed. Additionally, the process of the phase transition is visualized among normal insulator phase, topological insulator phases, and topological semimetal phase in detail via the evolution of the gap‐closing points on the plane of generalized Brillouin zone. This work further verifies the non‐Bloch theory and enrich the investigation about the topologically nontrivial phase with the larger topological invariant in the non‐Hermitian SSH model.
The effect of home‐based resistance exercise training in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Al Ozairi Ebaa , Alsaeed Dalal , Al Roudhan Dherar , Jalali Mohammed , Mashankar Anant , Taliping Dennis , Abdulla Amal , Gill Jason M. R. , Sattar Naveed , Welsh Paul , Gray Stuart R.
Published: June 2023

Aims

To evaluate the effects of pragmatic home‐based resistance exercise training on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) as well as muscle strength and body composition in people with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

People with type 2 diabetes were randomized (1:1) to usual care or usual care plus home‐based resistance exercise for 32 weeks. The changes in HbA1c, body composition, physical function, quality of life, continuous glucose monitoring and liver fat were compared by randomized group using linear regression.

Results

This study recruited 120 participants (female: n = 46 [38%], age 60.2 (9.4) years, BMI 31.1 (5.4) kg.m−2), 64 to intervention and 56 to usual care. Intention to treat analysis revealed no effect on HbA1c (difference in difference: −0.4 mmol/mol, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.26, 2.47; p = 0.78) but the intervention increased the number of push‐ups (3.6 push‐ups, 95% CI: 0.8, 6.4), arm lean mass (116 g, 95% CI: 6, 227) and leg lean mass (438 g, 95% CI 65, 810) and decreased liver fat (−1.27%, 95% CI ‐2.17, −0.38), with no differences in other outcomes. Per‐protocol analysis revealed similar results.

Conclusions

Home‐based resistance exercise is unlikely to lower HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes but may be of benefit for maintaining muscle mass and function and reducing liver fat.
Gender differences in modifiable dementia risk factors in monolingual and bilingual Australian adults
Authors: Hamrah Mohammad Shoaib , Bartlett Larissa , Kitsos Alex , Vickers James C.
Published: June 2023

Issue Addressed

Gender and bilingualism are reported to influence the risk of dementia. This study examined the prevalence of self‐reported modifiable dementia risk factors by gender in two samples: one that speaks at least one language other than English (LoE) and one that speaks only English.

Methods

A descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted on a sample of Australian residents aged 50 years or over (n = 4339). Participant characteristics and dementia risk behaviours were inspected using descriptive statistics in data collected via online surveys between October 2020 and November 2021.

Results

In both samples, men had a higher rate than women of being overweight and were classified more frequently as being at risk of dementia due to alcohol consumption, lower cognitive activity, and non‐adherence to the Mediterranean‐style diet. Men reported better management of their cardiometabolic health than women across both groups. Non‐significant trends showed men were more often smokers but more physically active than women in the LoE group, and less often smokers but less physically active than women in the English‐only group.

Conclusion

This study found men and women reported similar patterns of dementia risk behaviours regardless of LoE or English‐only status.

So What?

Gender differences in risk behaviours prevail regardless of language‐speaking status. The results can be used to guide future research aiming to understand and reduce modifiable dementia risk in Australia and beyond.
An exploration of the determinants of overweight and obesity and the capacity to intervene in North‐West Tasmania: A stakeholder consultation
Authors: Hughes Roger , Ahuja Kiran D. K. , Patterson Kira A. E. , Holloway Timothy P. , Soward Robert , Jayasinghe Sisitha , Byrne Nuala M. , Hills Andrew P.
Published: June 2023

Issue Addressed

The capacity of communities to develop effective obesity prevention initiatives varies and should be a focus for obesity prevention intervention planning and investment. This research aimed at engaging and consulting local community stakeholders to identify determinants, needs, strategic priorities and capacity to act on overweight and obesity prevention in North‐West (NW) Tasmania.

Methods

A series of semi‐structured interviews and thematic analyses was implemented to explore the knowledge, insights, experiences and attitudes of stakeholders.

Results

Mental health and obesity were identified as major concerns and were often reported to share similar determinants. This study has identified health promotion capacity assets (existing partnerships, community capital, local leadership and some pockets of health promotion activity), and a range of capacity deficits (limited investment in health promotion, a small workforce, limited access to pertinent health information).

Conclusions

This study has identified health promotion capacity assets (existing partnerships, community capital, local leadership and some pockets of health promotion activity), and a range of capacity deficits (limited investment in health promotion, a small workforce, limited access to pertinent health information).

So What?

Broad upstream socio‐economic, cultural and environmental determinants underpin the conditions by which the local community develops overweight/obesity and/or health and wellbeing outcomes. Including stakeholder consultations as a significant technique within a comprehensive plan of action aimed at achieving a sustainable, long‐term strategy for obesity prevention and/or health promotion, should be considered in future programs.
Comparison of extravasation events related to the peripheral administration of vasopressors prior to and following implementation of an institutional protocol
Authors: Fabick Allison C. , Hawn Jaclyn M. , Barwick Katharine W. , Weeda Erin R. , Goodwin Andrew J. , Bell Carolyn M.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Following adequate fluid resuscitation, vasopressors are often utilized to maintain perfusion in shock states. Traditionally, vasopressors are administered via a central venous catheter (CVC) to attempt to minimize extravasation events. New literature advocates for peripheral vasopressor administration when CVC placement could lead to a delay in care. The purpose of this study was to compare extravasation events during vasopressor administration via a peripheral intravenous line (PIV) prior to and following the implementation of an institutional peripheral vasopressor protocol.

Methods

This was a single‐center, retrospective, observational study conducted at a large academic medical center. Adult patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) from September 2018 to 2020 who received continuous infusion vasopressors were included. Vasopressors evaluated were norepinephrine, epinephrine, phenylephrine, dopamine, and vasopressin. The primary outcome evaluated extravasation events prior to and following the implementation of an institutional peripheral vasopressor protocol.

Results

Of the 3430 patients included, 1532 and 1898 patients were in the pre‐ and post‐protocol implementation groups. Following protocol implementation, there was an increase in PIV utilization, improvement in ultrasound‐guided PIV placement (17% vs. 26%, p < 0.001), and line assessment every 2 h (74% vs. 90%, p < 0.001). Less non‐compliance in vasopressor infusion rates (40% vs. 24%, p < 0.001) and PIV location (18% vs. 10%, p < 0.001) were also observed following protocol implementation. A total of 58 extravasation events occurred in both groups, 15 confirmed events and 43 suspected events. Following protocol implementation, there were less extravasation events (2.4% [n = 37] pre‐ vs. 1.1% [n = 21] post‐protocol p = 0.003).

Conclusion

Following the implementation of an institutional protocol, there was a reduction in extravasation events, an improvement in ultrasound‐guided PIV placement, and the use of peripheral infusion practices associated with increased safety. Additional studies are needed to determine the optimal peripheral vasopressor protocol to reduce CVC use and maintain reduced extravasation events.
Opposing effects of 5‐HT1A receptor agonist buspirone on supraspinal abdominal pain transmission in normal and visceral hypersensitive rats
Authors: Lyubashina Olga A. , Sivachenko Ivan B. , Sushkevich Boris M. , Busygina Irina I.
Published: June 2023

The serotonergic 5‐HT1A receptors are implicated in the central mechanisms of visceral pain, but their role in these processes is controversial. Considering existing evidences for organic inflammation‐triggered neuroplastic changes in the brain serotonergic circuitry, the ambiguous contribution of 5‐HT1A receptors to supraspinal control of visceral pain in normal and post‐inflammatory conditions can be assumed. In this study performed on male Wistar rats, we used microelectrode recording of the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) neuron responses to colorectal distension (CRD) and electromyography recording of CRD‐evoked visceromotor reactions (VMRs) to evaluate post‐colitis changes in the effects of 5‐HT1A agonist buspirone on supraspinal visceral nociceptive transmission. In rats recovered from trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis, the CRD‐induced CVLM neuronal excitation and VMRs were increased compared with those in healthy animals, revealing post‐inflammatory intestinal hypersensitivity. Intravenous buspirone (2 and 4 mg/kg) under urethane anesthesia dose‐dependently suppressed CVLM excitatory neuron responses to noxious CRD in healthy rats, but caused dose‐independent increase in the already enhanced nociceptive activation of CVLM neurons in post‐colitis animals, losing also its normally occurring faciliatory effect on CRD‐evoked inhibitory medullary neurotransmission and suppressive action on hemodynamic reactions to CRD. In line with this, subcutaneous injection of buspirone (2 mg/kg) in conscious rats, which attenuated CRD‐induced VMRs in controls, further increased VMRs in hypersensitive animals. The data obtained indicate a shift from anti‐ to pronociceptive contribution of 5‐HT1A‐dependent mechanisms to supraspinal transmission of visceral nociception in intestinal hypersensitivity conditions, arguing for the disutility of buspirone and possibly other 5‐HT1A agonists for relieving post‐inflammatory abdominal pain.