bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM PENINGKATAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Nurasiah Nurasiah
Published: January 2017

A strategy for a school headmaster is the most decisive factor in succeeding school’s quality improvement. This study aims at describing a main strategy planning, implementation, supervision and barriers in educational quality improvement. The study used a qualitative approach in descriptive methods. The data collection were used are observation, interview and documentation. The subjects of the study are the school committee, school head masters, teachers and Students. The result of the study shows that: 1) the main strategy planning in school quality improvement is by involving all school personnel, in which the head master of the school give an opportunity to the teachers to engage in quality planning, the head master of the school cooperate with the committee in formulating the school budget. 2) Head master strategy in improving the teaching quality is placing the teaching professionally, to learn an appropriate curriculum, to assist and to give suggestion to the teachers, as well as new student test implementation. 3) Strategy of the head master of the school in controlling school quality being conducted is using teaching supervision group controlling and individual techniques on quality improvement activities. 4) Some barriers on the implementation of the head master of the school quality are that the head master of the school could not spend the time and control all the school activities. The teachers are lack of ability to operate the advance school facility. The students’ evaluations which involved students’ parents who often do not welcome their sons’ shortcomings. This case is the difficulty of the teachers to evaluate.
PEMBENTUKAN MASYARAKAT MADANI DI INDONESIA MELALUI CIVIC EDUCATION
Authors: Wajdi Ibrahim Farid
Published: January 2017

Civil society is often positioned as the ideal pattern of community life. From the historical aspect, the Islamic thinkers usually refers to the condition of civil society such as on the condition of Medina under the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad Ṣallallāh ‘alayh wa Sallam. Ideal concept of civil society is driven by a variety of many aspects including the pattern of the life of society, nation that refers to the rule of law, human rights, and respect for diversity in all its forms (pluralism). Certainly not an easy thing to realize the ideal society as the concept of civil society in such a way. It requires a serious effort, continuous and consistent from the variety and facets, one of which is a crucial aspect of civic education (civic education). These issues are the focus of discussion of this article.
NATIVE VS NON-NATIVE ENGLISH TEACHERS
Authors: Masrizal Masrizal
Published: January 2017

Although the majority of English language teachers worldwide are non-native English speakers (NNS), no research was conducted on these teachers until recently. A pioneer research by Peter Medgyes in 1994 took quite a long time until the other researchers found their interests in this issue. There is a widespread stereotype that a native speaker (NS) is by nature the best person to teach his/her foreign language. In regard to this assumption, we then see a very limited room and opportunities for a non native teacher to teach language that is not his/hers. The aim of this article is to analyze the differences among these teachers in order to prove that non-native teachers have equal advantages that should be taken into account. The writer expects that the result of this short article could be a valuable input to the area of teaching English as a foreign language in Indonesia.
HAKIKAT MANUSIA MENURUT PANDANGAN ISLAM DAN BARAT
Authors: Khasinah Siti
Published: January 2017

This article describes the nature of human beings, their characteristics, their potentials, and the development of the potentials. Some philosophers claim that a human being is considered animal for having some tendencies that are believed similar to an animal. However, this argument is contradictive to what is believed by Muslim. Humans have certain characteristics that naturally different from animals. They also posses potentials (innate potentials or innate tendencies) that can be develop naturally through life-experience or artificially through formal instruction such as schools and other educational institutions.
SUNNATULLAH DALAM PANDANGAN HARUN NASUTION DAN NURCHOLISH MADJID
Authors: Lubis Arbiyah
Published: January 2017

Difference view in comprehending Sunnatullah stemming fromdifferences of theology confidence are held. Harun and Nurchalis,although both confessed as Islam rationalist, but they not agree incomprehending the nature of remain and not change at Sunatullah.Confidence at absolute or the limited power of God seems to be theroot of their difference view in this case, such as those happened inclassic Islam theologians are divided in firqah-firqah with the theoriesthat they carry and up to now still live and expand
IDEALITAS KEMANDIRIAN DAYAH
Authors: Suyanta Sri
Published: January 2017

Dayah merupakan institusi pendidikan Islam awal di Aceh sekaligusmenjadi pilar pendidikan Islam di Indonesia yang eksistesinya telahdiukir jauh sebelum negara Indonesia itu sendiri lahir, sehinggamencirikan identitas keislaman dan keaslian (indigenous) Aceh.Secara historis, pendirian dayah diinisiasikan oleh masyarakat. Olehkarenanya penyelenggaraan pendidikannya juga bersifat swasta.Kemandirian seperti ini dapat dipertahankan oleh dayah meskipuntetap terdapat perubahan. Dayah di Aceh pada umumnya dapatmenjamin eksistensinya tanpa menggantungkan diri pada parapihak untuk membantu kehidupan dayah. Bahkan dayah di Acehdapat bertahan justeru karena semangat kemandirian ini. Hal inibisa terjadi karena dayah dapat eksis dengan jiwa interpreneurship(kewirausahaan), baik dalam sektor jasa, pertanian, perkebunan,peternakan, perikanan, perdagangan maupun pada sektor-sektor riillainnya.
KONSTRUKSI TEORI PARADIGMA THOMAS S. KUHN
Authors: Nurkhalis -
Published: January 2017

Thomas Kuhn memberikan gambaran bahwa kebenaran sains akanditemukan berkali-kali ataupun berganti-ganti bentuk ilmiahnyawalaupun dari satu objek yang sama. Formulasi teori paradigma yangmencetuskan bahwa sebuah kebenaran sains (legatimed truth) identikdalam target teleologis yang didasari pada detection dikenal sebagaifinal cause (end). Kebenaran sains bukan continuous (lanjutan),improvisasi, evolusi atau kumulatif, melainkan terjadi paradigmshift (pergeseran paradigma) atau disebut juga dengan revolusi.Paradigma melalui shift moving (pergerakan pergeseran) dipahamisama dengan gestalt switch (perpindahan secara keseluruhan atautidak sama sekali). Di dalam gestalt switch yang diungkapkan adalahverifikasi terjadi sekaligus atau tidak sama sekali (all at once ornot at all). Konsep paradigm shifts membuka kesadaran bersamabahwa para pengkaji sains tidak akan mungkin bekerja dalam suatusuasana objektivitas yang mapan. Paradigma men-design kerangkaworld view (pandangan dunia) atau perspective (cara pandang)untuk lebih important, legitimate, and reasonable. Hal ini membuatsebuah detection (target teleologis) tidak akan terevolusi atautereleminir karena kemampuan eksperimentalnya mengakomodircounterinstances (ketahanan berkompetisi teori). Paradigma yangbertahan merupakan winnowing (keunggulan) baru dari sebuahdiscovery, supertitian (temuan besar) atau novelty (terbaharukan).Paradigma bertahan akan tumbuh menguasai normal scienceselama belum eksisnya anomaly (ketimpangan). Paradigma barumemiliki kriteria neater (rapi), more suitable (lebih cocok), simpler(sederhana), or more elegant (lebih elegan). Paradigma akan terusbertransformatif dengan paradigma baru karena sistem bekerjaparadigma mengalihkan padigma menuju revolusi ilmiah di manarevolusi ilmiah dengan perubahan fundamental akan meresap dalammetode dan pemahaman.
KORELASI MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI DENGAN KINERJA DOSEN IAIN AR-RANIRY BANDA ACEH
Authors: Afriati Intan
Published: January 2017

Every lecturer should have a good performance to improve studentachievement. One of the factors to improve the lecturers’ performanceis achievement motivation. This research was conducted to figure outa positive and significant relationship between achievement motivationwith lecturer’s performance. The study was conducted throughquantitative approach. The data was collected through questionnaireswhich were given to 77 respondents of 343 lecturers at IAIN Ar-raniryBanda Aceh. The analysis of the data is Pearson product momentcorrelation analysis. The results showed that the correlation coefficient(r) is 0.574. The correlation number indicates that both characteristicand the strength of the relationship is “medium”. It indicates thatthe the closeness of the relationship between achievement motivationand lecturer’s performanceof IAIN Ar-Raniry is at “medium” level.The number of tcount is 6.077 while the number of ttable = 1,992 at theconfidence level 95% sig. 5% 2-tailed and dk = n – 1 = 76. Thus, tcountis 6.077 > ttable is 1.992 show that there is a significant relationshipbetween achievement motivation and performance of IAIN Ar-Ranirylecturer. It means that if the achievement motivation is increased, themotivation performance of IAIN Ar-Raniry lecturer will be increased.
IJTIHAD TENTANG KEWARISAN CUCU DALAM HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Fajri Azwar
Published: January 2017

Dalam sistem kewarisan Islam, cucu mempunyai kedudukan yangsangat lemah dalam hal mewarisi, meskipun di beberapa negara yangmenggunakan sistem hukum waris Islam telah membuat peraturanyang dapat memberikan kesempatan untuk cucu agar dapat mewarisihak yang seharusnya menjadi bagian orang tuanya dalam kewarisan.Sedangkan di Indonesia terkait dengan kewarisan cucu masih belummemiliki standar yang baku dalam penyelesaian perkara kewarisancucu disebabkan masih adanya pilihan hukum dalam menyelesaikanpersoalan tersebut, meskipun sudah ada aturan kewarisan cucu yangterdapat dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam, namun belum menjadistandar baku dalam membuat keputusan tentang hak kewarisancucu yang ditinggal mati oleh orang tuanya. Namun ijtihad yangdilakukan untuk memformulasikan hukum baru yang relevan dengankebutuhan masyakarat sangatlah tepat sehingga hukum kewarisanyang bersifat universal akan dapat diteruskan tanpa mengenalbatas teritorial dan lingkungan sosial serta memiliki fleksibilitasdan daya adaptasi dengan baik pada perubahan sosial yang sedangterjadi dalam masyarakat. Penetapan hukum dalam KHI tentangkewarisan cucu merupakan bentuk ijtihad dengan pola maslahahkarena bertujuan untuk menetapkan suatu aturan yang berdasarkanpada kemaslahatan umum dan telah memenuhi kualifikasi istinbathhukum.
SIKAP TASĀMUH DALAM PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL
Authors: Maulida Rahma
Published: January 2017

This research was conducted at International Elementary School Bunga Matahari,Banda Aceh for its homogeneity, both tribes, nations and religions. This diversity is interesting to have a further study in order to know the process of tolerance guiding in multicultural education. The results of the study show that there are some tasāmuh (tolerance) attitudes in multicultural education as mutual helps, mutual respects, mutual communications, mutual care, not to blame others, not to be selfish and inclusive. The tolerance attitudes which have been conducting at International Elementary School Bunga Matahari,Banda Aceh is in accord with the Islamic education system, but in the teaching of religious education for non-Muslims, not in accordance with the perspective of Islamic the education, the learning process is still discriminatory. The leading factors in supporting the tolerance implementation in multicultural education at National Elementary Bunga Matahari, Banda Aceh are dialogue, egalitarianism, impartiality, the 1945 Constitution, Article 29, 2nd paragraph, multicultural education which contains the values of pluralism and tolerance attitudes towards diversity. The inhibiting factors in developing tolerance attitudes are exclusiveness, learning model which tends to be dogmatic, religion is directed into not free variable, the solution of developing tolerance is that the educational implementation should be oriented on the value that will provide pressure point on how students see, understand, and face the diversity of life in multicultural education.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN SAINS MENURUT al-Rāzī (Telaah Terhadap Tafsir Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb )
Authors: Azhari Muhammad
Published: January 2017

This article discusses educational science based on Mafatihul Tafsir perspective, Al Razi work. The book of Mafātiḥ al-Ghayb contains the theory about Islamic science and has its relevance to the modern science. In the view of Al-Rāzī, modern science and Islamic science has a strong correlation, and even both were born on the same outlook of oneness. Islamic history has proven that the Qur'an was separated from science and Muslim turned to backward. Great scholars of Islam during al-Rāzī agreed that all science disciplines either existing or none, old or new, which is controlled by the Muslims or not, everything should lead to the unity of Allah. If not, the science of human contrary to the common sense, and contrary to the Qur'an or Hadith where it must be rejected its truth.
Predictors of Dyslipidemia Over Time in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: For the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Authors: Shah Amy S. , Maahs David M. , Stafford Jeanette M. , Dolan Lawrence M. , Lang Wei , Imperatore Giuseppina , Bell Ronny A. , Liese Angela D. , Reynolds Kristi , Pihoker Catherine , Marcovina Santica , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Dabelea Dana
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE

Understanding the risk factors associated with progression and regression of dyslipidemia in youth with type 1 diabetes may guide treatments.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We studied 1,478 youth with type 1 diabetes (age 10.8 ± 3.9 years, 50% male, 77% non-Hispanic white, not on lipid-lowering medications) at baseline and at a mean follow-up of 7.1 ± 1.9 years in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) study. Progression to dyslipidemia was defined as normal lipid concentrations at baseline and abnormal at follow-up (non–HDL-cholesterol [C] >130 mg/dL or HDL-C <35 mg/dL). Regression was defined as abnormal lipids at baseline and normal at follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with progression and regression compared with stable normal and stable abnormal, respectively. An area under the curve (AUC) variable was used for the time-varying covariates A1C and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).

RESULTS

Non–HDL-C progressed, regressed, was stable normal, and stable abnormal in 19%, 5%, 69%, and 7% of youth with type 1 diabetes, respectively. Corresponding percentages for HDL-C were 3%, 3%, 94%, and 1%, respectively. Factors associated with non–HDL-C progression were higher A1C AUC and higher WHtR AUC in males. Non–HDL-C regression was associated with lower WHtR AUC, and HDL-C progression was associated with male sex and higher WHtR AUC. HDL-C regression was not modeled due to small numbers.

CONCLUSIONS

A1C and WHtR are modifiable risk factors associated with change in dyslipidemia over time in youth with type 1 diabetes.
Temperament as a Predictor of Nitrous Oxide Inhalation Sedation Success
Authors: Nelson Travis M. , Griffith Thomas M. , Lane Katherine J. , Thikkurissy Sarat , Scott JoAnna M.
Published: January 2017

Little is known about implications of temperament for children who receive nitrous oxide inhalation sedation (N2O/O2) for dental care. The aim of this study was to investigate whether child temperament is associated with success in N2O/O2. Child-caregiver dyads were enrolled from patients aged 36–95 months receiving dental care with N2O/O2 at a university-based pediatric dental clinic. To assess child temperament, 48 caregivers completed the Children's Behavior Questionnaire Short Form. Patient behavior was abstracted from Frankl scores recorded in the patient's chart. The overall behavioral failure rate was 15% (n = 7/48). There was no significant difference in sedation outcome associated with sex, health, insurance status, or complexity of treatment provided. Sedation outcome was significantly associated with the broad temperament domain of Effortful Control and its subscales Attentional Focusing and Inhibitory Control. The Negative Affectivity subscales of Frustration, Sadness, and Soothability and the Extraversion/Surgency subscales Activity and Impulsivity were also significantly associated with sedation outcome. The results of this study suggest that Effortful Control is associated with behavior during dental treatment with N2O/O2. The subscales of Attention Focusing, Inhibitory Control, Frustration, Fear, Sadness, Soothability, Activity, and Impulsivity may also be important determinants of child behavior during dental treatment.
Comparing the Efficiencies of Third Molar Surgeries With and Without a Dentist Anesthesiologist
Authors: Reebye Uday , Young S. , Boukas E. , Davidian E. , Carnahan J.
Published: January 2017

Two different anesthesia models were compared in terms of surgical duration, safer outcomes, and economic implications. Third molar surgeries performed with and without a separate dentist anesthesiologist were evaluated by a retrospective data analysis of the surgical operative times. For more difficult surgeries, substantially shorter operative times were observed with the dentist anesthesiologist model, leading to a more favorable surgical outcome. An example calculation is presented to demonstrate economic advantages of scheduling the participation of a dentist anesthesiologist for more difficult surgeries.
INTERAKSI HUKUM NEGARA DAN HUKUM ADAT DALAM PENANGGULANGAN TRAWL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sulaiman Sulaiman
Published: January 2017

Trawl yang digunakan oleh sebagian nelayan lokal di Indonesia, di samping melanggar hukum negara dan hukum lokal, juga menimbulkan dampak serius lainnya terhadap fungsi lingkungan. Makalah ini ingin menjawab tiga permasalahan utama: apa yang menyebabkan masyarakat lokal menggunakan trawl? Langkah apa saja yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam menanggulangi trawl? Bagaimana interaksi ideal hukum negara dan hukum lokal dalam penanggulangan trawl? Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa proses pemakaian trawl yang disadari dampaknya, tidak lepas dari proses modernisasi, trawl tersebut dirasionalkan akan mempercepat peningkatan ekonomi nelayan. Pemerintah Kabupaten sudah melakukan langkah untuk melahirkan kebijakan responsif dalam rangka mengendalikan dampak yang muncul, namun kebijakan itu lahir lebih karena tekanan masyarakat sendiri. Interaksi yang ideal adalah keterbukaan hukum negara dan hukum lokal untuk saling berhubungan dalam konteks melengkapi satu sama lain.

Kata Kunci: Interaksi hukum, hukum adat, hukum negara, trawl.
Development of oseltamivir and zanamivir resistance in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, Denmark, 2014
Authors: Trebbien Ramona , Pedersen Svend Stenvang , Vorborg Kristine , Franck Kristina Træholt , Fischer Thea Kølsen
Published: January 2017

Antiviral treatment of immunocompromised patients with prolonged influenza virus infection can lead to multidrug resistance. This study reveals the selection of antiviral resistance mutations in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in an immunocompromised patient during a 6-month period. The patient was treated with two courses of oseltamivir (5 days and 2 months, respectively), with the first course starting at symptom onset, and subsequently zanamivir (2 months and 10 days, respectively). Respiratory samples were investigated by Sanger and next generation sequencing (NGS) and, for NGS data, low-frequency-variant-detection analysis was performed. Neuraminidase-inhibition tests were conducted for samples isolated in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. In a sample collected 15 days after the end of the first treatment with oseltamivir (Day 20 post-symptom onset), oseltamivir resistance was detected (mutation H275Y with 60.3% frequency by NGS). Day 149 when the patient had almost completed the second zanamivir treatment, mixes of the following resistance mutations were detected; H275Y(65.1%), I223R(9.2%), and E119G(89.6%), accompanied by additional mutations, showing a more complex viral population in the long-term treated patient. Two samples obtained on Day 151 from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and nasopharyngeal swab, respectively, showed different mutation profiles, with a higher frequency of antiviral resistance mutations in BAL. The results emphasise the importance of timely antiviral resistance testing both for treatment of individual patients as well as for preventive measures to control the development and transmission of antiviral resistant viruses.
Hydropower Policy – A Critique
Authors: Shrestha Ratna Sansar
Published: January 2017

Not Available. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 20Page: 11-16
Temporal Variation of Surface Water Quality in the Swan River Catchment in Himachal Pradesh India
Authors: Sharda Avinash Kumar , Sharma Harish Chander , Bhushan Brij
Published: January 2017

As industrial growth in the lower Shiwalik hills has risen in past two decades, the last 10 years in the Una district has seen a rapid development in industrial and urban growth due to grant of industrial package by the central government of India. As a result, several production plants have sprung up within the Swan River catchment, threatening the water quality of this area. However, the actual effects on water quality are heretofore unknown. In this paper, we assess the water quality of the Swan River catchment by calculating the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Indicators (NSFWQI) and Overall Index of Population (OIP) between 2003-2012. Data on monitored cross sections were collected from State Pollution Control Board of Himachal Pradesh, India. The results indicate that there has been recent (within five years) considerable improvement in the water quality due to enforcement of proper pollution control technologies. The relationship between economic growth (GDP) and water quality was also studied.We carried out regression analysis of the water quality data to determine significant parameters as independent variables and WQI and OIP as dependent variables. The regression analysis further identified that the contribution of each variable with significant values r = 0.733, R2 = 0.695. The study further suggests that sustainable development is possible through adoption of proper treatment technologies, enforcement of formal legislation, and preparation of remedial action plans to reduce the environmental stresses.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 20Page: 55-61
Microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-reinforced ZK61 magnesium alloy composites prepared by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Wang Lin-Zhi , Wei Wen-Hou
Published: January 2017

Monolithic ZK61 magnesium alloy and carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced ZK61 matrix composites were successfully prepared via spark plasma sintering. The effects of the sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of monolithic ZK61 were studied, and the microstructural and mechanical properties of CNT/ZK61 composites were investigated as functions of the CNT content. The grain sizes of the CNT/ZK61 composites are smaller and more homogeneous than those of the monolithic ZK61 powder, and the width of the grain boundary is greater than those present in ZK61. The Vickers hardness and compressive yield strength of the CNT/ZK61 composites are observed to initially increase with increasing CNT content, reaching a maximum at 1.5 wt.% CNT, however, these values begin to decrease as the content increases further. We believe that this is owing to the grain refinement effect and load transfer mechanism of the CNT.
The Subordination of Humanism: Young More’s ‘Profitable’ Work, The Life of John Picus
Authors: Beier Benjamin V.
Published: January 2017

This article revisits the often argued question of the relationship between More’s English Life of Picus and his Latin original. However, instead of emphasizing More’s transformation of his humanist model into what is essentially a work of medieval piety, the article arrives at the conclusion that humanism and faith in More’s text mutually reinforce each other. By looking in detail at some of More’s changes to Gianfrancesco’s Latin biography, especially his striking omissions of intrusive authorial comments, the paper will argue that More turns his model into a much more open and contradictory text, thus provoking his readers to reflect upon their own state of soul in comparison with Pico’s. In addition, More’s transformation of his appended material from Pico’s writings also makes it clear that his humanism remains essentially subordinate to his faith.
Thomas More’s Mis-translations of Lucian’s Cynic, Menippus, and Tyrannicide
Authors: Pawlowski Mary
Published: January 2017

Thomas More plainly had the ability to render Greek carefully into Latin. However, there are some places in More’s translations of three Lucianic texts where his version departs significantly from the Greek original. This article catalogues and reviews More’s “mis-translations”, aiming to provide raw data needed to answer this question: are More’s substitutions and adjustments of Lucian’s text justifiably an attempt to render Lucian’s text as accurately as possible in Latin, or, rather, was More subtly and systematically rewriting Lucian, in some limited way, to make a point of his own?
Promoting students’ reflections in organisational improvisation arrangement between higher education and workplaces
Authors: Rautkorpi Tiina , Hero Laura-Maija
Published: January 2017

This article focuses on how experimentation-based pedagogy has been pursued by one Finnish university of applied sciences (UAS) in working life environments in the context of the Triple Helix. This article focuses on efforts to combine together situated learning, organisational improvisation and cultural-historical activity theory. In this higher education organisation, the students’ multidisciplinary innovation projects are used to improve the students’ skills in performing experiments with variations. The article demonstrates how pilot trainings were organised for teachers and their networks to equip them to project facilitators in a new mode of activity. It also reports on the undergraduates’ group demonstrations and evaluations based on a recent sample of their subsequent innovation projects. The small-scale content analysis was conducted to identify areas for further development. According to the activity theory, the crucial learning outcome of the UAS educational projects should be a collective reflection on practices. In addition, the two essentials of reflection and learning are the tools available for mirroring and continuous concept formation. According to the findings, there were prominent achievements in ethnographic fieldwork but more supportive arrangements and training is needed to promote especially the concept formation.
JJ2LSJ Transformation and Unique Labeling for Energy Levels
Authors: Gaigalas Gediminas , Fischer Charlotte , Rynkun Pavel , Jönsson Per
Published: January 2017

The JJ2LSJ program, which is important not only for the GRASP2K package but for the atom theory in general, is presented. The program performs the transformation of atomic state functions(ASFs) from a jj-coupled CSF basis into an LSJ-coupled CSF basis. In addition, the program implements a procedure that assigns a unique label to all energy levels. Examples of how to use the JJ2LSJ program are given. Several cases are presented where there is a unique labeling problem.
Trm112, a Protein Activator of Methyltransferases Modifying Actors of the Eukaryotic Translational Apparatus
Authors: Bourgeois Gabrielle , Létoquart Juliette , Van Tran Nhan , Graille Marc
Published: January 2017

Post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications are very important for the control and optimal efficiency of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. Among these, methylation is the most widespread modification, as it is found in all domains of life. These methyl groups can be grafted either on nucleic acids (transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), mRNA, etc.) or on protein translation factors. This review focuses on Trm112, a small protein interacting with and activating at least four different eukaryotic methyltransferase (MTase) enzymes modifying factors involved in translation. The Trm112-Trm9 and Trm112-Trm11 complexes modify tRNAs, while the Trm112-Mtq2 complex targets translation termination factor eRF1, which is a tRNA mimic. The last complex formed between Trm112 and Bud23 proteins modifies 18S rRNA and participates in the 40S biogenesis pathway. In this review, we present the functions of these eukaryotic Trm112-MTase complexes, the molecular bases responsible for complex formation and substrate recognition, as well as their implications in human diseases. Moreover, as Trm112 orthologs are found in bacterial and archaeal genomes, the conservation of this Trm112 network beyond eukaryotic organisms is also discussed.
Key Events Participating in the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Magdaleno Fernando , Blajszczak Chuck , Nieto Natalia
Published: January 2017

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It ranges from fatty liver to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.The most prevalent forms of ALD are alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and alcoholic cirrhosis, which frequently progress as people continue drinking. ALD refers to a number of symptoms/deficits that contribute to liver injury. These include steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis, which, when taken together, sequentially or simultaneously lead to significant disease progression. The pathogenesis of ALD, influenced by host and environmental factors, is currentlyonly partially understood. To date, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation from the gut to the portal blood, aging, gender, increased infiltration and activation of neutrophils and bone marrow-derived macrophages along with alcohol plus iron metabolism, with its associated increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), are all key events contributing to the pathogenesis of ALD. This review aimsto introduce the reader to the concept of alcohol‐mediated liver damage and the mechanisms driving injury.
Sucrose Hydrolysis in a Bespoke Capillary Wall-Coated Microreactor
Authors: Carvalho Filipe , Marques Marco , Fernandes Pedro
Published: January 2017

Microscale technology has been increasingly used in chemical synthesis up to production scale, but in biocatalysis the implementation has been proceeding at a slower pace. In this work, the design of a low cost and versatile continuous flow enzyme microreactor is described that illustrates the potential of microfluidic reactors for both the development and characterization of biocatalytic processes. The core structure of the developed reactor consists of an array of capillaries with 450 μm of inner diameter with their inner surface functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde where Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase was covalently bound. The production of invert sugar syrup through enzymatic sucrose hydrolysis was used as model system. Once the microreactor assembly reproducibility and the immobilized enzyme behavior were established, the evaluation of the immobilized enzyme kinetic parameters was carried out at flow rates ranging from 20.8 to 219.0 μL·min−1 and substrate concentrations within 2.0%–10.0% (w/v). Despite the impact of immobilization on the kinetic parameters, viz. Km(app) was increased two fold and Kcat showed a 14-fold decrease when compared to solution phase invertase, the immobilization proved highly robust. For a mean residence time of 48.8 min, full conversion of 5.0% (w/v) sucrose was observed over 20 days.
Improvement of Wind Energy Production through HVDC Systems
Authors: Brenna Morris , Foiadelli Federica , Longo Michela , Zaninelli Dario
Published: January 2017

Variable and non-programmable resources, such as solar and wind, have undergone a stunning growth in recent years and are likely to gain even more importance in the future. Their strong presence in the national electricity mix has created issues in many countries regarding the secure operation of the power system. In order to guarantee the stability of the system, several TSOs have resorted to wind energy curtailment, which represents a waste of clean energy and an economic loss. In order to analyze this issue, a model of the Italian power system was developed, a program able to simulate the electricity dispatching mechanism. The model was, then, used to evaluate possible solutions to reduce wind curtailment. In particular, a proposal for the construction of an HVDC line linking Southern and Northern Italy was studied.
Non‐Canonical Replication Initiation: You’re Fired!
Authors: Ravoitytė Bazilė , Wellinger Ralf
Published: January 2017

The division of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells produces two cells that inherit a perfect copy of the genetic material originally derived from the mother cell. The initiation of canonical DNA replication must be coordinated to the cell cycle to ensure the accuracy of genome duplication. Controlled replication initiation depends on a complex interplay of cis‐acting DNA sequences, the so‐called origins of replication (ori), with trans‐acting factors involved in the onset of DNA synthesis. The interplay of cis‐acting elements and trans‐acting factors ensures that cells initiate replication at sequence‐specific sites only once, and in a timely order, to avoid chromosomal endoreplication. However, chromosome breakage and excessive RNA:DNA hybrid formation can cause breakinduced (BIR) or transcription‐initiated replication (TIR), respectively. These non‐canonical replication events are expected to affect eukaryotic genome function and maintenance, and could be important for genome evolution and disease development. In this review, we describe the difference between canonical and non‐canonical DNA replication, and focus on mechanistic differences and common features between BIR and TIR. Finally, we discuss open issues on the factors and molecular mechanisms involved in TIR.
Black–White and Country of Birth Disparities in Retention in HIV Care and Viral Suppression among Latinos with HIV in Florida, 2015
Authors: Sheehan Diana , Mauck Daniel , Fennie Kristopher , Cyrus Elena , Maddox Lorene , Lieb Spencer , Trepka Mary
Published: January 2017

The study’s purpose was to identify HIV, Black–White race, and birth country disparities in retention in HIV care and HIV viral load (VL) suppression among Latinos, in 2015. Florida’s surveillance data for Latinos diagnosed with HIV (2000–2014) were merged with American Community Survey data. Multi-level (random effects) models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for non-retention in care and non-viral load suppression. Blacks and Whites experienced similar odds of non–retention in care. Racial differences in VL suppression disappeared after controlling for neighborhood factors. Compared to U.S.–born Latinos, those born in Mexico (retention aOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.70–2.36; VL 1.85, 95% CI 1.57–2.17) and Central America (retention aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.16–1.53; VL 1.28, 95% CI 1.12–2.47) were at an increased risk after controlling for individual and neighborhood factors. Among Central Americans, those born in Guatemala (retention aOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.80–3.18; VL 2.20, 95% CI 1.66–2.92) and Honduras (retention aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.13–1.72; VL 1.42, 95% CI 1.16–1.74) experienced the largest disparities, when compared to U.S.-born Latinos. Disparities in care and treatment exist within the Latino population. Cultural and other factors, unique to Latino Black-White racial and birth country subgroups, should be further studied and considered for intervention.
Hormetic Response to Low-Dose Radiation: Focus on the Immune System and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Cui Jiuwei , Yang Guozi , Pan Zhenyu , Zhao Yuguang , Liang Xinyue , Li Wei , Cai Lu
Published: January 2017

The interrelationship between ionizing radiation and the immune system is complex, multifactorial, and dependent on radiation dose/quality and immune cell type. High-dose radiation usually results in immune suppression. On the contrary, low-dose radiation (LDR) modulates a variety of immune responses that have exhibited the properties of immune hormesis. Although the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood yet, LDR has been used clinically for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and malignant tumors. These advancements in preclinical and clinical studies suggest that LDR-mediated immune modulation is a well-orchestrated phenomenon with clinical potential. We summarize recent developments in the understanding of LDR-mediated immune modulation, with an emphasis on its potential clinical applications.
Radiation-Induced Organizing Pneumonia: A Characteristic Disease that Requires Symptom-Oriented Management
Authors: Otani Keisuke , Seo Yuji , Ogawa Kazuhiko
Published: January 2017

Radiation-induced organizing pneumonia (RIOP) is an inflammatory lung disease that is occasionally observed after irradiation to the breast. It is a type of secondary organizing pneumonia that is characterized by infiltrates outside the irradiated volume that are sometimes migratory. Corticosteroids work acutely, but relapse of pneumonia is often experienced. Management of RIOP should simply be symptom-oriented, and the use of corticosteroids should be limited to severe symptoms from the perspective not only of cost-effectiveness but also of cancer treatment. Once steroid therapy is started, it takes a long time to stop it due to frequent relapses. We review RIOP from the perspective of its diagnosis, epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, and patient management.
Methods for the In Vitro Characterization of Nanomedicines—Biological Component Interaction
Authors: Fornaguera Cristina , Solans Conxita
Published: January 2017

The design of colloidal nanosystems intended for biomedical applications, specifically in the field of personalized medicine, has increased notably in the last years. Consequently, a variety of characterization techniques devoted to studying nanomedicine interactions with proteins and cells have been developed, since a deep characterization of nanosystems is required before starting preclinical and clinical studies. In this context, this review aims to summarize the main techniques used to assess the interaction of nanomedicines with biological systems, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Testing designed nanomaterials with these techniques is required in order to have more information about their behavior on a physiological environment. Moreover, techniques used to study the interaction of nanomedicines with proteins, such as albumin and fibrinogen, are summarized. These interactions are not desired, since they usually are the first signal to the body for the activation of the immune system, which leads to the clearance of the exogenous components. On the other hand, techniques for studying the cell toxicity of nanosystems are also summarized, since this information is required before starting preclinical steps. The translation of knowledge from novel designed nanosystems at a research laboratory scale to real human therapies is usually a limiting or even a final point due to the lack of systematic studies regarding these two aspects: nanoparticle interaction with biological components and nanoparticle cytotoxicity. In conclusion, this review will be a useful support for those scientists aiming to develop nanosystems for nanomedicine purposes.
Effect of Initial Oriented Columnar Grains on the Texture Evolution and Magnetostriction in Fe–Ga Rolled Sheets
Authors: Li Jiheng , Yuan Chao , Qi Qingli , Bao Xiaoqian , Gao Xuexu
Published: January 2017

The effects of initial oriented columnar grains on the texture evolution and magnetostriction in (Fe83Ga17)99.9(NbC)0.1 rolled sheets were investigated. The recrystallization texture evolution exhibited the heredity of initial orientations, concerning the formation of cube and Goss textures in the primary recrystallized sheet for the columnar-grained sample. Moreover, the growth advantage of Goss grains was more obvious than that of cube grains during the secondary recrystallization process. Because of the combined effect of this and Nb-rich precipitates as inhibitors, a sharp Goss texture and very large Goss grains were achieved in the secondary recrystallized sheet for the columnar-grained sample. For comparison, the secondary recrystallization in the equiaxed-grained sample was not fully developed although there were Nb-rich precipitates as inhibitors. We think this could be ascribed to the large particle size and premature coarsening of precipitates. Magnetostriction of the secondary recrystallized columnar-grained sheet was up to 232 ppm owing to the ideal Goss texture and quite large grain size. As for the equiaxed-grained sample, the magnetostriction was only 163 ppm in the secondary recrystallized sheet.
The Effect of P on the Microstructure and Melting Temperature of Fe2SiO4 in Silicon-Containing Steels Investigated by In Situ Observation
Authors: Yuan Qing , Xu Guang , Zhou Mingxing , He Bei , Hu Haijiang
Published: January 2017

In this study, two silicon-containing steels with different P contents were used, and reheating tests were conducted in an industrial furnace in a hot strip plant. The effect of P on the microstructure and melting temperature of Fe2SiO4 in silicon-containing steels was investigated using a backscattered electron (BSE) detector and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The melting process of Fe2SiO4 was also observed in situ for the two steels with different P contents. The results show that the addition of P could lower the melting point of the eutectic compound Fe2SiO4/FeO, which is helpful for descaling the oxide scale. The melting point decreases with the increasing P content, and the melting point of Fe2SiO4/FeO can reduce up to 954.2 °C when the content of P reaches 0.115 wt %. Furthermore, P-compounds form in the dispersive particles located in the iron matrix near the interface between the matrix and inner oxide scale when the P content is relatively high. In addition, a method of in situ observation was proposed to study the effect of P on the melting point of Fe2SiO4/FeO in silicon-containing steel. The results are of more practical significance for the descaling of oxide scale in silicon-containing steel.
A Brief Review of RNA-Protein Interaction Database Resources
Authors: Yi Ying , Zhao Yue , Huang Yan , Wang Dong
Published: January 2017

RNA-protein interactions play critical roles in various biological processes. By collecting and analyzing the RNA-protein interactions and binding sites from experiments and predictions, RNA-protein interaction databases have become an essential resource for the exploration of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory network. Here, we briefly review several widely used RNA-protein interaction database resources developed in recent years to provide a guide of these databases. The content and major functions in databases are presented. The brief description of database helps users to quickly choose the database containing information they interested. In short, these RNA-protein interaction database resources are continually updated, but the current state shows the efforts to identify and analyze the large amount of RNA-protein interactions.
Single-Sensor Solution to Tree Species Classiﬁcation Using Multispectral Airborne Laser Scanning
Authors: Yu Xiaowei , Hyyppä Juha , Litkey Paula , Kaartinen Harri , Vastaranta Mikko , Holopainen Markus
Published: January 2017

This paper investigated the potential of multispectral airborne laser scanning (ALS) data for individual tree detection and tree species classification. The aim was to develop a single-sensorsolution for forest mapping that is capable of providing species-specific information, required for forest management and planning purposes. Experiments were conducted using 1903 ground measured trees from 22 sample plots and multispectral ALS data, acquired with an Optech Titan scanner over a boreal forest, mainly consisting of Scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea Abies), and birch (Betula sp.), in southern Finland. ALS-features used as predictors for tree species were extracted from segmented tree objects and used in random forest classification. Different combinations of features, including point cloud features, and intensity features of single and multiple channels, were tested. Among the field-measured trees, 61.3% were correctly detected. The best overall accuracy (OA) of tree species classification achieved for correctly-detected trees was 85.9% (Kappa = 0.75), using a point cloud and single-channel intensity features combination, which was not significantly different from the ones that were obtained either using all features (OA = 85.6%, Kappa = 0.75), or single-channel intensity features alone (OA = 85.4%, Kappa = 0.75). Point cloud features alone achieved the lowest accuracy, with an OA of 76.0%. Field-measured trees were also divided into four categories. An examination of the classification accuracy for four categories of trees showed that isolated and dominant trees can be detected with a detection rate of 91.9%, and classified with a high overall accuracy of 90.5%. The corresponding detection rate and accuracy were 81.5% and 89.8% for a group of trees, 26.4% and 79.1% for trees next to a larger tree, and 7.2% and 53.9% for trees situated under a larger tree, respectively. The results suggest that Channel 2 (1064 nm) contains more information for separating pine, spruce, and birch, followed by channel 1 (1550 nm) and channel 3 (532 nm) with an overall accuracy of 81.9%, 78.3%, and 69.1%, respectively. Our results indicate that the use of multispectral ALS data has great potential to lead to a single-sensor solution for forest mapping.
Multi-Label Classiﬁcation Based on Low Rank Representation for Image Annotation
Authors: Tan Qiaoyu , Liu Yezi , Chen Xia , Yu Guoxian
Published: January 2017

Annotating remote sensing images is a challenging task for its labor demanding annotation process and requirement of expert knowledge, especially when images can be annotated with multiple semantic concepts (or labels). To automatically annotate these multi-label images, we introduce an approach called Multi-Label Classification based on Low Rank Representation (MLC-LRR). MLC-LRR firstly utilizes low rank representation in the feature space of images to compute the low rank constrained coefficient matrix, then it adapts the coefficient matrix to define a feature-based graph and to capture the global relationships between images. Next, it utilizes low rank representation in the label space of labeled images to construct a semantic graph. Finally, these two graphs are exploited to train a graph-based multi-label classifier. To validate the performance of MLC-LRR against other related graph-based multi-label methods in annotating images, we conduct experiments on a public available multi-label remote sensing images (Land Cover). We perform additional experiments on five real-world multi-label image datasets to further investigate the performance of MLC-LRR. Empirical study demonstrates that MLC-LRR achieves better performance on annotating images than these comparing methods across various evaluation criteria; it also can effectively exploit global structure and label correlations of multi-label images.