bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: STRUKTUR‐ UND KONFORMATIONSUNTERSUCHUNGEN VON 2‐PHENYL‐1,3,2‐DIAZA‐ UND ‐DIOXA‐BORACYCLOALKANEN
Authors: DAVIS F. A. , TURCHI I. J. , MARYANOFF B. E. , HUTCHINS R. O.
Published: February 2016

Aus den Propan‐1,3‐diaminen (Ia)‐(Ic) entstehen durch Umaminierung mit (II) die heterocyclischen Verbindungen (IIIa)‐(IIIc), analog werden aus den Diolen (IVa)‐(IVc) mit Phenylboronsäure (V) die Verbindungen (VI) und (VII) erhalten.
Introduction: The Golden Triangle for Examining Leadership Developmental Readiness
Authors: Avolio Bruce J.
Published: February 2016

This introduction includes the history of the leadership field that resulted in the creation of the developmental readiness construct, which represents readiness of the leader as well as followers, peers, and the target leader's leader, and how context is to be developed through some form of leadership intervention.
Transitional Justice, Human Rights and the Restoration of Credibility: Reconstructing Mexico's Social Fabric
Authors: Humberto Fernando Cantú Rivera
Published: February 2016

Mexico is entering a phase of transitional justice. This can be observed in the numerous reforms and measures that are being taken to adapt the legal system to international standards, particularly those related to human rights and criminal justice. Some examples show an increased tendency to adhere to and enforce the rule of law and human rights; to recognize the official truth of authorized misconduct that took place in the past; to punish perpetrators, and above all, to ensure victims’ rights to truth and reparation. If these tendencies continue, it could potentially lead to the restoration of public trust in the authorities and pave the way for reconciliation between society and the State. While many experiences of traditional transitional justice have taken place in post-authoritarian contexts, the convergence of the main elements used in those traditional cases lead us to suggest that these models could also apply to societies in transition, not from a particular form of government to another, but from a developing democracy into a law-abiding society. In this sense, a bottom-up approach that aims at attaining truth, reform and change will be necessary to break a cycle of impunity and develop social and government institutions that respect and enforce the rule of law and human rights.
What Can Mexican Law Schools Learn from the American Legal Realists?
Authors: Luis Alfonso Navarrete Aldaco
Published: February 2016

This article offers (a) a basic exposition of what some members of a certain generation of legal scholars said with regards to legal education; and (b) an effort to link those ideas with a specific issue of legal education in general, and Mexican legal education in particular. With regards to these points, the idea is to go beyond the traditional approach to theory and practice, i.e., that theory is independent or even irrelevant in some cases with regards to matters of practical knowledge. Contrary to this approach, it is assumed that there is a strong relationship between theory and practice, and that they both complement each other. The purpose is to show: (a) that the ideas of the legal realists regarding training for practice during legal education is useful for general legal education; (b) that the implementation of some of these ideas in Mexican legal education would invariably help to graduate more conscious and prepared legal professionals; and (c) that the implementation of these ideas does not require much effort, only the willingness of universities and faculty to go beyond traditional, localist approaches to legal education, towards a more realistic view.
The Development of the Media and the Public sphere in Mexico
Authors: Felipe Carlos Betancourt Higareda
Published: February 2016

This article reviews the development of the Mexican media, both broadcast and print, through an analysis of their current legal framework, culture, ownership structure and common practices. It is based on archival research, interviews and a review of the available literature. Its analytical framework is based on concepts of the theory of deliberative democracy developed by contemporary philosophers such as Jürgen Habermas, James Bohman, Jane Mansbridge and Joshua Cohen. Within this framework, it argues that the major obstacles to democracy in Mexico, which include social and economic inequalities, patronage and a weak rule of law, also constitute obstacles to the deliberative development of the Mexican media.
Global Politics
Authors: José Fernández Santillán
Published: February 2016

This article is about the great changes that have happened in recent years in international politics as well as the challenges that these thorough transformations imply. Some examples of great significance are the fall of the Berlin Wall (1989), the attack on the New York World Trade Center’s twin towers and the Pentagon (2001), and the crash of Wall Street (2008). These are historical events that have had practical and theoretical repercussions for different humanistic disciplines like political science, law and international studies. The author’s purpose is to analyze both practically and theoretically the new paradigms of global politics. The impact of globalization on Latin America is given special attention. The author concludes by presenting some alternatives in order to resolve the dilemmas posed by globalization.
Estimating the Job Impacts of Environmental Regulation
Authors: Belova Anna , Gray Wayne B. , Linn Joshua , Morgenstern Richard D. , Pizer William
Published: February 2016

In the face of strong policy interest in the possible regulation–jobs linkage and weak analytical evidence to support a generalizable conclusion, what should a regulatory agency like the Environmental Protection Agency do in a regulatory impact analysis (RIA)? Initially, an RIA should start with a clear concept of what the regulatory agency is trying to estimate. Much of the popular debate is looking for a total job effect. Yet one thing we do know is that, in aggregate, there will not be a net job change unless the economy deviates from its normal rate of full employment. The gist of our literature review suggests that looking to historic data for stable statistical relationships between regulatory spending and job changes, even in a single industry, is tenuous at best. However, the intuition is relatively easy to trace out with certain assumptions: (1) added costs imply added activity that entails added jobs; (2) higher product prices or other regulatory limits imply less production that entails fewer jobs. Taking an average employment rate per dollar of relevant economic activity, coupled with an assumed demand elasticity, these effects can be multiplied out into job changes, although such simple calculations must be tested by validating key assumptions or exploring the estimates sensitivity to alternatives. New estimates by Belova, Gray, Linn and Morgenstern [(2013a).Environmental Regulation And Industry Employment: A Reassessment. Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau Discussion Paper, CES 1336, July.] indicate that extending and expanding the widely cited approach by Morgenstern, Pizer and Shih [(2002). Jobs Versus the Environment: An Industry-Level Perspective.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 43, 412–436] is unlikely to be successful. Finally, more effort is needed to inform the public about the potential job impacts of new regulations, especially the distinction of these impacts from long-term technological and economic trends.
Sur la philosophie analytique de la logique et des mathématiques. À propos deInfini, logique, géométriede Paolo Mancosu
Authors: GAUTHIER YVON
Published: February 2016

Je propose dans cet article une analyse critique d’un ouvrage contemporain de philosophie analytique consacré aux questions d’épistémologie de la logique et des mathématiques. Je montre la portée et les limites du volume.
When coproducts are biproducts
Authors: GARNER RICHARD , SCHÄPPI DANIEL
Published: February 2016

Among monoidal categories with finite coproducts preserved by tensoring on the left, we characterise those with finite biproducts as being precisely those in which the initial object and the coproduct of the unit with itself admit right duals. This generalises Houston's result that any compact closed category with finite coproducts admits biproducts.
Conditions of civilian control in new democracies: an empirical analysis of 28 ‘third wave’ democracies
Authors: Kuehn David , Croissant Aurel , Kamerling Jil , Lueders Hans , Strecker André
Published: February 2016

Institutionalizing civilian control over the military is a crucial challenge for newly democratized nations. This paper aims to answer the question under which conditions civilian control can be established after the transition to democracy, and under which conditions civilian control fails. To answer this question, we draw on original data on civil–military relations in 28 new democracies in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America and run a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. We find that no single explanatory factor can be considered necessary for the success or failure of civilian control in new democracies, but identify a number of sufficient variable combinations to explain the development of civil–military relations after the transition to democracy.
Cross-Cultural Validation of the Basic Psychological Needs in Physical Education Scale between Portugal and Brazil Samples
Authors: Cid Luis , Lettnin Carla , Stobäus Claus , Monteiro Diogo , Davoglio Tárcia , Moutão João
Published: February 2016

The main propose of this study is the cross-cultural validation of the Basic Psychological Needs in Physical Education Scale among Portugal and Brazil samples, through the study of measurement model invariance. Participated in this study, two independent samples, one with 616 Portuguese students, of the 2nd and 3rd basic grade of public school, aged between 9 and 18 years old and another with 450 Brazilian students, from 1st, 2nd and 3rd middle grade of public and private school, aged between 14 and 18 years old. The results support the suitability of the model (three factors, each one with four items), showing an adequate fit to the data in each sample (Portugal: χ2 = 203.8, p = .001, df = 51, SRMR = .062, NNFI = .926, CFI = .943, RMSEA = .070, RMSEA 90% IC = .060–.080; Brazil: χ2 = 173.7, p = .001, df = 51, SRMR = .052, NNFI = .940, CFI = .954, RMSEA = .073, RMSEA 90% IC = .061–.085), as well valid cross-cultural invariance among Portuguese e Brazilian samples (∆CFI ≤ .01). Those findings allow us to conclude that scale can be used to measure the basic psychological needs in physical education in Portugal and in Brazil.
Ab initio study of the influence of resonance stabilization on intramolecular ring closure reactions of hydrocarbon radicals
Authors: Wang Kun , Villano Stephanie M. , Dean Anthony M.
Published: February 2016

The cyclization reactions of dieneyl radicals provide a low energy route to the formation of molecular weight growth products.
RhCl(PPh3)3-mediated C–H oxyfunctionalization of pyrrolido-functionalized bisazoaromatic pincers: a combined experimental and theoretical scrutiny of redox-active and spectroscopic properties
Authors: Ghorui Tapas , Roy Sima , Pramanik Shuvam , Pramanik Kausikisankar
Published: February 2016

Non-trivial coordination mode of symmetrical NNN ligands with Rh(iii) leads to redox-active NNO-scaffolds via C(sp2)–H oxyfunctionalization at rt, opening an opportunity to juxtapose different redox-active domains.
Graphene oxide induced isotactic polypropylene crystallization: role of structural reduction
Authors: Yang Su , Li Yang , Liang Yuan-Ying , Wang Wei-Jie , Luo Yu , Xu Jia-Zhuang , Li Zhong-Ming
Published: February 2016

Nucleation ability of reduced GO was enhanced by the removal of oxygenic groups and the partial recovery of sp2 carbon network.
Aquivion®–carbon composites via hydrothermal carbonization: amphiphilic catalysts for solvent-free biphasic acetalization
Authors: Fang Wenhao , Fan Zhaoyu , Shi Hui , Wang Sheng , Shen Wei , Xu Hualong , Clacens Jean-Marc , De Campo Floryan , Liebens Armin , Pera-Titus Marc
Published: February 2016

Amphiphilic Aquivion®–carbon composites prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of polysaccharides (guar gum or cellulose) were able to catalyze the biphasic acetalization reaction between dodecyl aldehyde and ethylene glycol in the presence of Pickering emulsions.
An insight into ion-conduction phenomenon of gold nanocluster ligand based metallo-supramolecular polymers
Authors: Pandey Rakesh K. , Chakraborty Chanchal , Rana Utpal , Moriyama Satoshi , Higuchi Masayoshi
Published: February 2016

Gold nanocluster ligand and Fe(ii) based metallo-supramolecular polymers (polyAuFe1 and polyAuFe2) were synthesized. The polymers showed much higher conductance than the corresponding metallo-supramolecular polymer without gold nanoclusters.
An upconversion nanoparticle/Ru(ii) polypyridyl complex assembly for NIR-activated release of a DNA covalent-binding agent
Authors: Chen Yumeng , Jiang Guoyu , Zhou Qianxiong , Zhang Yangyang , Li Ke , Zheng Yue , Zhang Baowen , Wang Xuesong
Published: February 2016

A hybrid system is designed to release a DNA covalent-binding agent upon 980 nm laser irradiation.
Enhancement of oil palm empty fruit bunch char by impregnation of pyrolytic carbon from tar vapor decomposition
Authors: Rozhan Alya Naili , Cahyono Rochim Bakti , Nomura Takahiro , Ani Mohd Hanafi , Salleh Hamzah Mohd. , Akiyama Tomohiro , Purwanto Hadi
Published: February 2016

This paper describes a technology for condensable vapor from pyrolysis (often referred to as “tar”) of oil palm empty fruit bunch, EFB, to be collected—by EFB char substrate—in the form of pyrolytic carbon to produce a value-added EFB char and to make EFB able to be utilized as a supplementary solid fuel. Chemical vapor infiltration method was employed at atmospheric pressure for tar vapor to undergo secondary decomposition to produce pyrolytic carbon to be deposited within porous char. Porous char in a packed bed was used as the substrate, and impregnated with pyrolytic carbon using tar vapor as a reactant. Char substrate was prepared by slowly heating coarse EFB particles in the packed bed to 400 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. Tar vapor was obtained from fast pyrolysis of fine EFB particles at 400–700 °C, and the weight ratio of fine EFB particles—the tar source—to char substrate was increased from 0.5 to 4.0. The amount of carbon contents of the resultant products by this process was compared to those without carbon deposition. After carbon deposition, EFB char has substantially increased in carbon contents which promise higher heating values than those of EFB char with no carbon deposition. The resultant products can be used as a partial substitute to the now depleting fossil fuels.
Bovine tuberculosis: effects and challenges faced by developed and developing countries in the eradication process.
Authors: Kwaghe A. V. , Vakuru C. T. , Iwar V. N. , Ndahi M. D. , Abubakar A. G. , Eze E.
Published: February 2016

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic disease of cattle caused by
Mycobacterium bovis
. The disease has a significant impact on the international cattle trade, and - as it is a zoonotic disease - implications for animal and public health. Today, some of the world's developed countries have been certified to be bTB-free, whereas bTB is still a serious challenge in most developing countries. In the developed countries where bTB still exists, the persistence of bTB in wildlife seems to be a major setback in eradicating the disease. In developing countries, on the other hand, eradicating the disease is hindered by the lack of funding and proper logistics, and inadequate adherence to basic procedures such as antemortem and post-mortem inspections. Effective control and management of bTB is essential to eliminate it, but in developing countries the battle against the disease is far from being over due to the lack of funds needed to restrain bTB. In developing countries, the number of laboratories that can diagnose bTB is limited, and diagnosing the disease in humans stops at the smear level making it impossible to estimate the role of
M. bovis
in human infections. There is also a scarcity of data on bTB in the developing countries, which influences the control of the disease. This paper reviews the general information available on bTB and its zoonotic implications, current trends in bTB control and management, the state of bTB in Nigeria, and some of the challenges developing countries face when trying to control the disease. Finally, the paper reflects on how to proceed with the issue in the future.
Spatial habit competes with effort to determine human spatial organization
Authors: Zhu Mona J. H. , Risko Evan F.
Published: February 2016

Despite the important role that the physical environment plays in shaping human cognition, few studies have endeavoured to experimentally examine the principles underlying how individuals organize objects in their space. The current investigation examines the idea that humans organize objects in their space in order to minimize effort or maximize performance. We devised a novel spatial organization task whereby participants freely arranged objects in the context of a writing task. Critically, we manipulated the frequency with which each object was used and assessed participants’ spontaneous placements. In the first set of experiments, participants showed a counterintuitive tendency to match pen pairs with their initial placements rather than placing pens in the less effortful configuration. However, in Experiment 2, where the difference in physical effort between different locations was increased, participants were more likely to reorganize the pens into the less effortful configuration. We begin developing a theory of human spatial organization wherein the observed initial bias may represent a kind of spatial habit formation that competes with effort/performance considerations to shape future spatial organization.
Mechanical confinement triggers glioma linear migration dependent on formin FHOD3
Authors: Monzo Pascale , Chong Yuk Kien , Guetta-Terrier Charlotte , Krishnasamy Anitha , Sathe Sharvari R. , Yim Evelyn K. F. , Ng Wai Hoe , Ang Beng Ti , Tang Carol , Ladoux Benoit , Gauthier Nils C. , Sheetz Michael P.
Published: February 2016

Glioblastomas are extremely aggressive brain tumors with highly invasive properties. Brain linear tracks such as blood vessel walls constitute their main invasive routes. Here we analyze rat C6 and patient-derived glioma cell motility in vitro using micropatterned linear tracks to mimic blood vessels. On laminin-coated tracks (3–10 μm), these cells used an efficient saltatory mode of migration similar to their in vivo migration. This saltatory migration was also observed on larger tracks (50–400 μm in width) at high cell densities. In these cases, the mechanical constraints imposed by neighboring cells triggered this efficient mode of migration, resulting in the formation of remarkable antiparallel streams of cells along the tracks. This motility involved microtubule-dependent polarization, contractile actin bundles and dynamic paxillin-containing adhesions in the leading process and in the tail. Glioma linear migration was dramatically reduced by inhibiting formins but, surprisingly, accelerated by inhibiting Arp2/3. Protein expression and phenotypic analysis indicated that the formin FHOD3 played a role in this motility but not mDia1 or mDia2. We propose that glioma migration under confinement on laminin relies on formins, including FHOD3, but not Arp2/3 and that the low level of adhesion allows rapid antiparallel migration.
Hard to fly the nest: A study of body condition and plumage quality in house sparrow fledglings
Authors: Leloutre Charlène , Gouzerh Alice , Angelier Frédéric
Published: February 2016

Contrary to the nestling phase, the post-fledging phase has been less studied probably because it is challenging to follow the chicks after they fledge. However, this phase is crucial to consider when focusing on the life cycle of individuals because it is associated with new demands: After leaving the nest, individuals have to find their own food and cope with a new set of previously unknown stressors. In this study, we aimed at better understanding how energetically demanding the post-fledging period is in house sparrows Passer domesticus by measuring several indices of a fledgling’s state (body condition, fat and muscle scores and plumage quality). If the energetic demands of the post-fledging period are greater than those of the adult life, we predicted that fledglings should be in lower condition and should have a plumage of lower quality relative to adults. Supporting this prediction, the condition and the plumage of fledglings differed dramatically from those of adults. Interestingly, this difference disappeared in autumn. Overall, our results suggest that the post-fledging period is probably one of the most energetically demanding of the life cycle in this species. Supporting this idea, the resighting probability of fledglings was lower relative to adults. However, resighting probability depends on many factors (mortality, dispersal, habitat use and behaviours) and future studies are necessary to tease apart their relative importance in determining resighting probability [Current Zoology 60 (4): 449–459, 2014].
Participatory medicine: model based tools for engaging and empowering the individual
Authors: Sagar Mark , Broadbent Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

The long-term goal of the Virtual Physiological Human and Digital Patient projects is to run 'simulations’ of health and disease processes on the virtual or 'digital' patient, and use the results to make predictions about real health and determine the best treatment specifically for an individual. This is termed 'personalized medicine', and is intended to be the future of healthcare. How will people interact and engage with their virtual selves, and how can virtual models be used to motivate people to actively participate in their own healthcare? We discuss these questions, and describe our current efforts to integrate and realistically embody psychobiological models of face-to-face interaction to enliven and increase engagement of virtual humans in healthcare. Overall, this paper highlights the need for attention to the design of human–machine interfaces to address patient engagement in healthcare.
Social networking in an academic conference context: insights from a case study
Authors: Levy Meira , Hadar Irit , Te'eni Dov , Unkelos-Shpigel Naomi , Sherman Sofia , Harel Nassi
Published: February 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to propose a conference-based online social network (OSN) for academics’ knowledge sharing and collaboration around and beyond a conference, while exploring the entanglement of the social and technical aspects of the system.

Design/methodology/approach

– Following an exploratory study, an OSN prototype was developed and implemented in ECIS 2014. The usage of the OSN platform was monitored and in-depth interviews were conducted with seven of its active users.

Findings

– Academic researchers have positive attitudes toward using conference-based OSN. However, there is a gap between academics’ perceptions and their actual behavior. Several barriers for engagement were identified, leading to technical and social recommendations, including the following needs: integrating the OSN platform with other conference information systems; addressing privacy concerns; allowing on-going collaboration; increasing OSN vitality; using the wisdom of the crowd; and promotion and its timing.

Research limitations/implications

– The case study highlighted existing benefits, and identified potential future benefits from implementing a conference-based OSN. Future research is required to generalize the findings and evaluate the proposed strategies for enhancing user engagement.

Practical implications

– This study revealed the set of considerations that should be taken upon launching a new academic OSN, which are beyond the technical issuesper se.

Social implications

– The paper presents the expected benefits from, and existing barriers to using a conference-based OSN, and suggests recommendations for encouraging academics to engage in such OSN, in order to enhance long-term social interactions, knowledge sharing and collaboration among conference participants.

Originality/value

– This is a first study to examine a conference-based OSN.
LA sprouts randomized controlled nutrition, cooking and gardening programme reduces obesity and metabolic risk in Hispanic/Latino youth
Authors: Gatto N.M. , Martinez L.C. , Spruijt‐Metz D. , Davis J.N.
Published: February 2016

Background

Many programmes for children that involve gardening and nutrition components exist; however, none include experimental designs allowing more rigorous evaluation of their impact on obesity.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to explore the effects of a novel 12‐week gardening, nutrition and cooking intervention {‘LA Sprouts’} on dietary intake, obesity parameters and metabolic disease risk among low‐income, primarily Hispanic/Latino youth in Los Angeles..

Methods

This study used a randomized control trial involving four elementary schools [two randomized to intervention {172, 3rd–5th grade students}; two randomized to control {147, 3rd–5th grade students}]. Classes were taught in 90‐min sessions once per week for 12 weeks. Data collected at pre‐intervention and post‐intervention included dietary intake via food frequency questionnaire, anthropometric measures {body mass index, waist circumference}, body fat, and fasting blood samples.

Results

LA Sprouts participants compared with controls had significantly greater reductions in body mass index z‐scores {−0.1 vs. −0.04, respectively; p = 0.01} and waist circumference {−1.2 vs. 0.1 cm; p < 0.001}. Fewer LA Sprouts participants had the metabolic syndrome after the intervention than before, while controls with metabolic syndrome increased. LA Sprouts participants compared with controls increased dietary fiber intake {+3.4% vs. −16.5%; p = 0.04}. All participants decreased vegetable intake, but decreases were less in LA Sprouts than controls {−3.7% vs. −26.1%; p = 0.04}. Change in fruit intake did not differ between LA Sprouts and controls.

Conclusions

LA Sprouts was effective in reducing obesity and metabolic risk; however, additional larger and longer‐term studies are warranted.
Physical Activity and the Risk of Gallbladder Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Aune Dagfinn , Leitzmann Michael , Vatten Lars Johan
Published: February 2016

Background:

Physical activity has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of gallbladder disease (gallstones, cholecystitis, cholecystectomy); however, results from epidemiological studies have not always shown statistically significant associations. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the presence and strength of an association between physical activity and gallbladder disease risk.

Methods:

PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies of physical activity and gallbladder disease up to 9th of January 2015. Prospective studies reporting relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gallbladder disease associated with physical activity were included. Summary RRs were estimated using a random effects model.

Results:

Eight studies including 6958 cases and 218,204 participants were included. The summary RR for the highest versus the lowest level of physical activity was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.69–0.81, n = 8) and there was no evidence of heterogeneity, I2 = 0%). In the dose-response analysis the summary relative risk per 20 MET-hours of activity was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80–0.90, I2 = 0%, n = 2) for leisure-time physical activity, 0.83 (95% CI: 0.76–0.90, I2 = 0%, n = 2) for vigorous physical activity, and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76–0.98, I2 = 0%, n = 2) for nonvigorous physical activity.

Conclusion:

Our analysis confirms a protective effect of physical activity on risk of gallbladder disease.
Gravitational waves serve up a mystery
Authors: Cho Adrian
Published: February 2016

Astrophysicists puzzle over the strange black holes that produced LIGO's signal.
Comment on “Cortical folding scales universally with surface area and thickness, not number of neurons”
Authors: Lewitus Eric , Kelava Iva , Kalinka Alex T. , Tomancak Pavel , Huttner Wieland B.
Published: February 2016

Mota and Herculano-Houzel (Reports, 3 July 2015, p. 74) assign power functions to neuroanatomical data and present a model to account for evolutionary patterns of cortical folding in the mammalian brain. We detail how the model assumptions are in conflict with experimental and observational work and show that the model itself does not accurately fit the data.
Diary of a parliamentary intern
Authors: Ridge Anthony
Published: February 2016

Parliamentary intern Anthony Ridge has been researching neglected tropical diseases and uses rabies control as an example of how veterinary services can benefit the health and welfare of animals and people.
Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over alumina-supported cobalt catalysts: effects of different spray temperature of aluminum slurry
Authors: Liu Yan , Jia Litao , Hou Bo , Li Debao
Published: February 2016

Aluminum slurry was obtained by precipitating Al(NO3)3·9H2O and ammonium carbonate, and the slurry was dried by adopting spray means. The effects of different spray temperature on the as-synthesised aluminum precursors, calcined alumina, and the supported cobalt catalysts were investigated by the characterizations of SEM, XRD, TG-DTA, H2-TPD, H2-TPR, etc., and the activity and stability of the as-prepared catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis were also studied. It indicated that the aluminum precursor spray dried at 250 °C exhibited homogeneous microspheres, the calcined alumina exhibited single-particle size distribution and monomodal pore distribution, and the corresponding supported cobalt catalyst possessed proper cobalt particles (6.4 nm), which was benefitial for acquiring a high conversion rate (the turnover frequency is 17.2 × 10−3/s) and excellent stability (the deactivation rate is 0.31%) for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.
New generation chiral metamaterials with small and flat chirality over a certain frequency band based on circular split ring resonators for microwave filter applications
Authors: Dincer Furkan , Akgol Oguzhan , Karaaslan Muharrem , Unal Emin , Demirel Ekrem , Sabah Cumali
Published: February 2016

There are many studies in literature on chiral metamaterials (MTMs) to obtain large chiralities with dynamic optical activities. With this regard, this new generation planar chiral MTM study focuses on a small, non-dispersive (constant/flat) chirality admittance over an indicated frequency band which has not been investigated so far in literature. This new generation planar chiral MTM provides a small and a constant/fixed chirality which is mostly ignored by the scientists. This study numerically and experimentally investigates and examines these new generation MTMs based on circular split ring resonators (SRRs) with an increased capacitance in details. Obtained results show that the suggested structure can provide a small and constant/flat chirality admittance over a certain frequency band and hence it can be used to design myriad novel electromagnetic (EM) devices such as transmission and antireflection filters, polarization rotators for any desired frequency regions.
Reduction of Additive Colored Noise Using Coupled Dynamics
Authors: Kohar Vivek , Kia Behnam , Lindner John F. , Ditto William L.
Published: February 2016

We study the effect of additive colored noise on the evolution of maps and demonstrate that the deviations caused by such noise can be reduced using coupled dynamics. We consider both Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process as well as [Formula: see text] noise in our numerical simulations. We observe that though the variance of deviations caused by noise depends on the correlations in the noise, under optimal coupling strength, it decreases by a factor equal to the number of coupled elements in the array as compared to the variance of deviations in a single isolated map. This reduction in noise levels occurs in chaotic as well as periodic regime of the maps. Lastly, we examine the effect of colored noise in chaos computing and find that coupling the chaos computing elements enhances the robustness of chaos computing.
Oscillations and Synchronization in a System of Three Reactively Coupled Oscillators
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexander P. , Turukina Ludmila V. , Chernyshov Nikolai Yu. , Sedova Yuliya V.
Published: February 2016

We consider a system of three interacting van der Pol oscillators with reactive coupling. Phase equations are derived, using proper order of expansion over the coupling parameter. The dynamics of the system is studied by means of the bifurcation analysis and with the method of Lyapunov exponent charts. Essential and physically meaningful features of the reactive coupling are discussed.
Sheaves over infinite posets
Authors: Asadollahi J. , Bahiraei P. , Hafezi R. , Vahed R.
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we study the category of sheaves over an infinite partially ordered set with its natural topological structure. Totally acyclic complexes in this category will be characterized in terms of their stalks. This leads us to describe Gorenstein projective, injective and flat sheaves. As an application, we get an analogue of a formula due to Mitchell, giving an upper bound on the Gorenstein global dimension of such categories. Based on these results, we present situations in which the class of Gorenstein projective sheaves is precovering as well as situations in which the class of Gorenstein injective sheaves is preenveloping.
On locally AGCD domains
Authors: Anderson David F. , Chang Gyu Whan , Zafrullah Muhammad
Published: February 2016

Let [Formula: see text] be an integral domain with quotient field [Formula: see text]. Call [Formula: see text] an almost GCD domain (AGCD domain) if for all [Formula: see text], there is an integer [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is principal. We say that [Formula: see text] is a locally AGCD domain (resp., strongly locally AGCD domain) if [Formula: see text] is an AGCD domain for all maximal ideals [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] (resp., for all [Formula: see text], there is an integer [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is locally principal). In this paper, we study some ring-theoretic properties of locally and strongly locally AGCD domains. Let [Formula: see text] be an indeterminate over [Formula: see text]. We use the ring [Formula: see text] for an integer [Formula: see text] to give some examples of locally and strongly locally AGCD domains.
Recent advances in meso-alkylidenyl carbaporphyrinoids
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Abebayehu Abeje , Mulugeta Endale , Sareen Divya , Lee Chang-Hee
Published: February 2016

Porphyrins and their structural analogs have drawn continuous attention owing to their physico-chemical properties associated with biological, medical and material chemistry. Consequently, many structural modifications of the porphyrin skeleton have been reported as a fundamental tool for tuning the physico-chemical properties and a variety of new classes of porphyrinoids have emerged. A vast number of applications such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), redox catalysis, chemosensors, nonlinear optical material (NLO) and two photon absorption (TPA) have been studied utilizing these systems. The “so called” meso-alkylidenyl porphyrins have been reported recently as alternative modification methods of the porphyrin skeleton. These compounds possess one or more exocyclic double bonds at meso-positions and are usually non-aromatic systems. The reported spectroscopic as well as structural properties well-corroborate the non-aromatic nature of the macrocycles. However, the protonation behavior and tautomerism are quite different from those of normal porphyrins. Considering the unique properties of meso-alkylidenyl carbaporphyrinoid macrocycles, we present a review on the recent advances in this area of chemistry.
meso–meso Directly-linked trimeric and pentameric electron-deficient porphyrin–hexaphyrin hybrid arrays
Authors: Mori Hirotaka , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: February 2016

meso–meso Directly-linked trimeric and pentameric porphyrin–hexaphyrin hybrid arrays 5 and 6 comprising of electron-deficient porphyrin units were prepared by cross-condensation of monomeric and dimeric electron-deficient meso-formyl porphyrins with a tripyrrane. The solid-state structures of 5 and 6 have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The latter is the largest crystal structure of meso–meso linked multiporphyrinic array analogues reported to date.
Effect of size and position of gold nanocrystals embedded in gate oxide of SiO2/Si MOS structures
Authors: Chakraborty Chaitali , Bose Chayanika
Published: February 2016

The influence of single and double layered gold (Au) nanocrystals (NC), embedded in SiO2 matrix, on the electrical characteristics of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structures is reported in this communication. The size and position of the NCs are varied and study is made using Sentaurus TCAD simulation tools. In a single NC-layered MOS structure, the role of NCs is more prominent when they are placed closer to SiO2/Si[Formula: see text]substrate interface than to SiO2/Al–gate interface. In MOS structures with larger NC dots and double layered NCs, the charge storage capacity is increased due to charging of the dielectric in the presence of NCs. Higher breakdown voltage and smaller leakage current are also obtained in the case of dual NC-layered MOS device. A new phenomenon of smearing out of the capacitance–voltage curve is observed in the presence of dual NC layer indicating generation of interface traps. An internal electric field developed between these two charged NC layers is expected to generate such interface traps at the SiO2/Si interface.
An Unusual Presentation of Pseudothrombotic Microangiopathy in a Patient with Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis
Authors: Malek Alexandre , Nasnas Roy
Published: February 2016

Introduction. We hereby describe the case of a young female patient who presented with pseudothrombotic microangiopathy, as well as pancytopenia accompanied by autoimmune atrophic gastritis.Case Presentation. A 36-year-old Caucasian woman presented to the emergency department with fatigue and dyspnea on minimal exertion. Physical examination was unremarkable except for pallor and noninjected conjunctiva. Laboratory tests revealed high LDH and low hemoglobin, white blood cells, platelets, and haptoglobin. The peripheral blood smear showed schistocytes suggestive of pseudothrombotic microangiopathy. Low cobalamin level and hyperhomocysteinemia were also detected. Autoimmune atrophic gastritis was confirmed by gastric biopsy and positive anti-intrinsic factor antibodies. Vitamin B12 supplements were given which led to rapid recovery and normalization of blood parameters.Conclusion. This case highlights the importance and serves as a reminder to clinicians to rule out cobalamin deficiency and autoimmune atrophic gastritis in patients presenting with a picture suggestive of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and pancytopenia, which was completely reversible after appropriate replacement therapy without recurring to unnecessary and invasive procedures such as plasma exchange.
ANA Negative Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Leading to CTEPH, TTP-Like Thrombocytopenia, and Skin Ulcers
Authors: Changal Khalid Hamid , Sofi Fayaz , Altaf Sheikh Shoaib , Raina Adnan , Raina Ab. Hameed
Published: February 2016

SLE affects almost every organ system, with differing degrees of severity. During its clinical course periods of flares may alternate with periods of remission culminating in disease and therapy related damage. We describe a case of ANA negative SLE with severe thrombocytopenia, cutaneous vasculitis, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and pulmonary artery hypertension. As there is no definitive cure for SLE the treatment lies in caring for the individual organ systems involved and simultaneously taking care of the patient as a whole.
UV-Enhanced NaClO Oxidation of Nitric Oxide from Simulated Flue Gas
Authors: Yang Shao-long , Han Zhi-tao , Dong Jing-ming , Zheng Zi-sheng , Pan Xin-xiang
Published: February 2016

A wet de-NOxtechnique based on an UV-enhanced NaClO oxidation process was investigated for simulated flue gas of a diesel engine using a bench-scale reaction chamber. The effects of UV irradiation time, initial pH value, and available chlorine concentration of NaClO solution were studied, respectively. The results showed that when the UV irradiation time was 17.5 min and the initial pH value of NaClO solution was 6, NO removal efficiency of UV/NaClO solution was increased by 19.6% compared with that of NaClO solution. Meanwhile, when the available chlorine concentration of NaClO solution decreased from 0.1 wt% to 0.05 wt%, the enhancement in NO removal efficiency of UV/NaClO solution increased from 19.6% to 24%, compared with that of NaClO solution. The reaction pathways of NaClO solution photolysis and NO removal by UV/NaClO process were preliminarily discussed. The results suggested that HOCl might be the most active species that released many UV-induced photooxidants through photolysis reactions, which played an important role in NO removal process.
Endoscopic Placental Laser Coagulation in Dichorionic and Monochorionic Triplet Pregnancies
Authors: Peeva Gergana , Chaveeva Petya , Gil Guevara Enrique , Akolekar Ranjit , Nicolaides Kypros H.
Published: February 2016

Objective: To report the outcome of monochorionic (MC) and dichorionic (DC) triamniotic (TA) triplet pregnancies treated with endoscopic laser coagulation of the communicating placental vessels for severe feto-fetal transfusion syndrome (FFTS) and selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR). Methods: Laser surgery was performed at 18 (15-24) weeks' gestation in 11 MCTA and 33 DCTA pregnancies complicated by FFTS and 14 DCTA pregnancies complicated by sFGR. Data from our study and previous reports were pooled using meta-analytic techniques. Results: Survival of at least one baby and survival among all fetuses was 97.0 and 72.7% in DCTA pregnancies with FFTS, 78.6 and 52.4% in DCTA pregnancies with sFGR and 81.8 and 39.4% in MCTA pregnancies with FFTS. In the combined data from our study and previous reports, the pooled survival rates in 132 DCTA pregnancies with FFTS were 94.4 and 76.1%, and in 29 MCTA pregnancies with FFTS, they were 80.6 and 57.5%. Conclusions: Survival after laser surgery is higher in DC triplets with FFTS than in those with sFGR and in DC than in MC triplets with FFTS.
Symptomatic Infratentorial Thrombosed Developmental Venous Anomaly: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Amuluru Krishna , Al-Mufti Fawaz , Hannaford Stephen , Singh Inder Paul , Prestigiacomo Charles J. , Gandhi Chirag D.
Published: February 2016

Background: Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are variations of normal transmedullary veins draining white and gray matter. In the vast majority of cases, DVAs are diagnosed incidentally and should be considered as benign entities. In extremely rare circumstances, DVAs may become symptomatic due to mechanical or flow-related etiologies. Thrombosis of the collector vein of a DVA is a rare type of a flow-related complication with only 29 cases reported in the literature, the majority of which are supratentorial. Infratentorial thrombosed DVAs are thus extremely rare and the few cases reported have typically caused symptoms due to venous ischemic infarctions. Summary: We report a case of an infratentorial DVA with a thrombosed drainage vein in a patient with nonhemorrhagic, noninfarcted venous congestive edema, which was successfully treated with high-dose glucocorticoids and short-term anticoagulation. We review the pertinent venous anatomy of the posterior fossa as well as the literature of symptomatic infratentorial thrombosed DVAs. Key Message: The presented case of an infratentorial thrombosed DVA with cerebellar and pontine venous congestive edema is extremely rare. A working knowledge of posterior fossa venous anatomy and possible pathomechanisms responsible for the rarely symptomatic lesion will aid in the timely and efficacious treatment of such lesions.
Scrotal-Septal Fasciocutaneous Flap Used as a Multifunctional Coverage for Prior Failed Hypospadias Repair
Authors: Zhang Siya , Zhou Chuande , Li Fengyong , Li Senkai , Zhou Yu , Li Qiang
Published: February 2016

Objectives: The study aims to report the method and outcome of using scrotal-septal fasciocutaneous flap as a multifunctional coverage for prior failed hypospadias repair. Methods: From January 2014 to June 2015, 18 hypospadias patients who have undergone repeated failed surgeries were enrolled. Their penile skin, urethral plate and dartos fascia are not enough to reconstruct the urethra, but have well-developed scrota. We performed urethroplasty by buccal mucosa free grafting and tubularized anastomosis 6 months after the urethroplasty. Then, scrotal-septal fasciocutaneous flap was used to be a multifunctional coverage on the surface of anastomotic urethra, which was a waterproof layer and cutaneous coverage. Results: The skin flaps survived and the incisions healed in 18 patients. No fistula and stricture occurred. The scar of donor site seemed like a new scrotal raphe. The flap can slip slightly along with the preputial movement and retain the original sense of touch. All patients were followed up at 1 and 6 months by telephone or in person and gained good recoveries. Conclusion: Scrotal-septal fasciocutaneous flap, including sufficient fascia tissue, reliable blood supply and skin coverage, is a good choice for the coverage of anastomotic urethra as both the waterproof layer and skin coverage, especially for hypospadias patients who have undergone several failed operations.
Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Gastrostomy Tube Placement After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the United States
Authors: Faigle Roland , Bahouth Mona N. , Urrutia Victor C. , Gottesman Rebecca F.
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose—

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes are widely used for enteral feeding of patients after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We sought to determine whether PEG placement after ICH differs by race and socioeconomic status.

Methods—

Patient discharges with ICH as the primary diagnosis from 2007 to 2011 were queried from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between race, insurance status, and household income with PEG placement.

Results—

Of 49 946 included ICH admissions, a PEG was placed in 4464 (8.94%). Among PEG recipients, 47.2% were minorities and 15.6% were Medicaid enrollees, whereas 33.7% and 8.2% of patients without a PEG were of a race other than white and enrolled in Medicaid, respectively (
P
<0.001). Compared with whites, the odds of PEG were highest among Asians/Pacific Islanders (odds ratio [OR] 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32–1.99) and blacks (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.28–1.59). Low household income (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.09–1.44 in lowest compared with highest quartile) and enrollment in Medicaid (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.17–1.59 compared with private insurance) were associated with PEG placement. Racial disparities (minorities versus whites) were most pronounced in small/medium-sized hospitals (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.43–2.20 versus OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.17–1.47 in large hospitals;
P
value for interaction 0.011) and in hospitals with low ICH case volume (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.38–1.81 versus OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.12–1.50 in hospitals with high ICH case volume;
P
value for interaction 0.007).

Conclusions—

Minority race, Medicaid enrollment, and low household income are associated with PEG placement after ICH.