bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supervivencia y diversificación de los grupos familiares y no familiares encabezados por una empresa española cotizada en el período 1990-2005
Authors:   Universidad de Zaragoza, Hernández Trasobares Alejandro , Galve Górriz Carmen ,   Universidad de Zaragoza
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo analiza la evolución y supervivencia de un colectivo de empresas familiares y no familiares que cotizaban en la Bolsa en 1990 durante el período 1990-2005; posteriormente se estudia el grado de diversificación de los grupos piramidales familiares y no familiares de sociedades presentes en las empresas cotizadas supervivientes, donde el grupo queda delimitado por el conjunto de empresas bajo control efectivo del accionista principal (familiar o no familiar) de la empresa cotizada. La finalidad última del presente trabajo es comprobar la existencia o no de diferencias, en primer lugar, en las tasas de permanencia en los mercados bursátiles y en las tasas de supervivencia de las empresas familiares y no familiares y, en segundo lugar, en el grado de diversificación de los grupos familiares y no familiares de sociedades. La evidencia empírica revela un incremento de la presencia de las familias dentro de los mercados bursátiles, una tasa superior de supervivencia para el colectivo de empresas familiares y unas diferencias mínimas en el grado de diversificación entre los grupos familiares con respecto a los no familiares (excluido el sector «Construcción» por ser atípico en su evolución).
BIOTECNOLOGIA E SAÚDE: DIFERENTES PERSPECTIVAS ENTRE BRASIL E SUÍÇA
Authors: Luz Raquel Silva , Alves George Yuri Souza , Souza Victor Hugo Soares de , Souza Vinícius Mercês Oliveira , Lins Leonardo Diego
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo tem como objetivo comparar o Brasil e Suíça, em torno da biotecnologia vermelha, com diferenças nos avanços, desafios e investimentos. Pesquisas em biossimilares, vacinas, terapias genéticas etc., se destacam em ambos os países, impulsionados principalmente pelo uso da biotecnologia. No Brasil, esse potencial ainda se encontra muito atrasado, devido a dependência estatal, falta de investimento privado e infraestrutura limitada, apesar de seu grande território e biodiversidade. Muitas parcerias entre setor público e privado no Brasil auxiliam no desenvolvimento de pesquisas na área da saúde, como também a iniciativa do BNDES Profarma, mas a venda de medicamentos biológicos é ainda majoritariamente provinda de importações. A Suíça se destaca com uma grande indústria farmacêutica, com empresas de alto valor como Roche e Novartis, além de associações como a Swiss Biotech, consolidando-se como líder no setor. Ambos os países compartilham desafios na área da saúde, em sua maioria Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNTs). Os países demonstram capacidade na produção de vacinas, e estratégias para o sistema de saúde. O Brasil por certo tem muito a evoluir, e espelhar-se em países pioneiros, como a Suíça, colaborando com processos burocráticos, divulgando iniciativas e promovendo maiores interações entre universidades e a indústria. O artigo convida a nos questionar como o potencial do Brasil pode ser explorado na área, e o que poderia haver de proveitoso na colaboração entre esses países.
EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA: DESAFIOS E AVANÇOS NA GARANTIA DE DIREITOS PARA TODOS
Authors: Santos Queila Pereira , Alves Edsangela Gosler Casciano , Jesus Andreia Frez de , Azevedo Rogério Lopes , Santos Rodrigo Neto dos , Barboza Uender Leal , Santos José Anselmo de Jesus , Araujo Cláudia Lima de , Ribeiro Hellen Maura Lucidia , Freitas Eliene Barbosa do Nascimento de
Published: February 2025

The research project Inclusive Education: Challenges and Advances in Guaranteeing Rights for All aims to understand the experiences and challenges faced by students with disabilities in the school environment, in addition to analyzing the advances and obstacles in implementing inclusive practices in Brazilian schools. The research seeks to examine how public policies, such as the Brazilian Inclusion Law, have contributed to the creation of more accessible educational environments, promoting the integration of students with disabilities. The study also analyzes how teachers and school administrators deal with the diverse needs of students, seeking to identify the strategies adopted to guarantee a quality education for all. By investigating the experiences of students and the perception of families, the aim is not only to recognize the barriers that still exist, but also to highlight the positive transformations already achieved in school inclusion. The objective is to emphasize the importance of an education that respects and celebrates differences, promoting equal opportunities for all students. The research proposes to reflect on the role of education as an agent of social transformation, guaranteeing the right to inclusive and quality education, without exception. By addressing these aspects, we hope to contribute to improving educational practices and strengthening public policies aimed at inclusion.
Personal Data Protection in Public Services
Authors: Marwenny Elwidarifa , Syafwar Robi , Yani Puja
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement in technology and infomation has transformed human life paradigms, shifting conventional activities into digital realms through various technological devices. However, alongside technological progress, personal data has become increasingly vulnerable to misuse and privacy violations. The protection of personal data is considered a fundamental human right that must be guaranteed and respected. Although the Personal Data Protection Law has been enacted, its implementation faces various challenges such as data theft, fraud, data selling, and leaks managed by the government for public services. Therefore, this research examines how the government manages the protection and utilization of personal data in public services and the participation of the community in personal data protection. To address these questions, the author employs a qualitative writing method with a normative juridical approach. Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection provides a robust legal framework to safeguard individual data and ensure legal certainty for data controllers. Satu Data Indonesia plays a role in integrating data to enhance public service efficiency and ensure data security. However, the implementation and improvement of data protection systems are still necessary. Active participation from the government, data controllers, data owners, law enforcement agencies, as well as digital literacy education and regulatory strengthening, are expected to enhance security and public trust in managing personal data in the digital era.
Performance Evaluation of a No-Husk Corn Sheller: A Case Study at Benteng Tellue Workshop
Authors: Ramadhan Syahrul , Muhammad Tahir Sapsal  , Junaedi Muhidong
Published: February 2025

The post-harvest handling of corn involves threshing, the process of separating kernels from the cob. A corn shelling machine without husking offers advantages for both sellers and buyers by allowing manual sorting of good and damaged kernels before threshing. This study evaluates the performance of a no-husk corn sheller used in the Amali District, Bone Regency. Key parameters analyzed include fuel consumption, shelling capacity, percentage of damaged kernels, and cleanliness level at three different rotational speeds (500, 600, and 700 rpm). The results indicate that increasing the rotational speed leads to higher fuel consumption and improved shelling capacity. However, the percentage of damaged kernels decreases with higher speeds, achieving an average damage rate of 0.049%. Additionally, the cleanliness level of the shelled corn reaches an average of 98%, confirming the machine’s efficiency. These findings suggest that optimizing the rotational speed enhances both productivity and output quality, making the no-husk corn sheller a viable tool for post-harvest processing.
Influence of the Cutaneous Microbiome on the Development and Treatment of Melasma: a systematic review
Authors: Paiva de Souza Hana Lis , Queiroz da Silva Willian
Published: February 2025

Melasma is a skin disorder characterized by symmetrical hyperpigmentation, mainly in photo-exposed areas. Recent studies suggest that the skin microbiome may influence the development and treatment of melasma, possibly by modulating inflammatory pathways and melanin metabolism. This systematic review aimed to analyze the influence of the skin microbiome on the pathogenesis and therapeutic response in melasma. Articles were selected from the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, published between 2013 and 2023. The results indicate an association between cutaneous dysbiosis and melasma pathogenesis, as well as the therapeutic potential of skin microbiome modulators, such as topical probiotics and prebiotics. However, further research is needed to establish causal relationships and to standardize long-term therapeutic strategies.
Pendekatan Konstruktivis dalam Desain Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Ilma Miska Unil , Ismatullah Ade , Rosadi Adi
Published: February 2025

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning in the modern era faces challenges in developing students' deep understanding and critical thinking skills. Traditional approaches that focus on memorization are considered less effective in achieving 21st century educational goals. Therefore, a more innovative approach is needed, one of which is the constructivist approach, which emphasizes students' active involvement in the learning process. This study aims to analyze the application of constructivist approach in PAI learning and its benefits for improving the quality of students' understanding and critical thinking skills. The method used is descriptive qualitative research with a literature study approach. Data were collected from various academic literatures related to constructivist approach and its implementation in PAI learning. The results showed that the constructivist approach can be applied in PAI learning to increase student engagement, deepen concept understanding, and develop a more critical and reflective mindset. Therefore, the implementation of this approach needs to be supported by more interactive and experiential learning strategies to make PAI learning more effective and relevant to the needs of students in the digital era.
Manajemen Keuangan Berkelanjutan di Pondok Pesantren: Pendekatan Kewirausahaan dan Tantangannya
Authors: Aripin Jenal , Nugraha Mulyawan Safwandy
Published: February 2025

Financial sustainability is a major challenge for Islamic boarding schools in ensuring the stability of education quality and daily operations. Many pesantren heavily rely on external donations and government aid, which are often unstable. Therefore, effective and innovative financial management strategies are necessary to achieve financial independence. This study aims to analyze the financial management of Bustanul Wildan Islamic Boarding School, focusing on funding source diversification and financial sustainability strategies. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with school administrators, direct observations, and financial document analysis. The findings reveal that the school successfully manages its funding through a combination of community donations, student fees, government assistance, and self-sustaining businesses such as cooperatives, agribusiness, and garment production. This strategy enhances the school’s financial stability and reduces dependency on external funding. The study’s implications highlight the importance of financial transparency, capacity-building in financial management, and strengthening entrepreneurship as a solution for financial sustainability. These findings provide valuable insights for other Islamic educational institutions in developing more independent and sustainable funding models..
Cuerpo extraño intraorbitario
Authors: Martínez Peterlin Alejo , Cardozo Laura A. , Rocco Camila , Schweitzer Cecilia , Villalba Julieta A. , Malbrán Juan R. , Faretta Martina , Settecase Florencia , Rodríguez Joaquín , Valeiras Andrea
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Describir las características principales de cuerpos extraños intraorbitarios, su manejo y su resolución.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de una serie de casos en un solo centro hospitalario de Argentina, de pacientes con cuerpos extraños intraorbitarios que acudieron al servicio de urgencias en diciembre del 2021. Los parámetros principales a evaluar fueron: género, edad, tiempo transcurrido hasta su control, tipo de cuerpo extraño, características clínicas de presentación, estudios complementarios de diagnóstico, resolución terapéutica y resultado visual de los pacientes.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 5 casos de hombres con una edad media de 48,8 ± 17,2 años (31-68). El tiempo medio transcurrido hasta la consulta fue de 5,05 ± 6,1 días (0,25-15). La agudeza visual inicial y final fue de amaurosis en 3 casos. En los otros dos, en uno mejoró de 2 a 10 décimas y en el otro de cuenta dedos a 1 metro a 6/10, es decir, 6 décimas. Los materiales de los cuerpos extraños encontrados fueron: madera, plástico, vidrio y metal. En todos los casos los pacientes se evaluaron con tomografía computada, todos se internaron y fueron operados.
Conclusión: Los cuerpos extraños intraorbitarios se presentaron en hombres de edad mediana y en la mayoría generó una severa afectación de la capacidad visual. Para su manejo fue necesaria la internación y posterior resolución quirúrgica. La tomografía computada fue el método de diagnóstico complementario utilizado en todos los casos. Se resalta la importancia del equipo multidisciplinario en ámbitos de salud con capacidad adecuada para manejar estos pacientes.
Din Bilimine Giriş
Authors: Max Müller Friedrich
Published: February 2025

Introduction to the Science of ReligionrnGerman theologian and philologist Friedrich Max Müller is considered one of the pioneers of the history of religions in the modern period. In this context, he gave four lectures at the Royal Institution in 1870 under the name “Introduction to the Science of Religion” and compiled them into a book with the same name. In these lectures, he tried to reveal the benefits and results of using the achievements of Linguistics in Religious Science within the framework of ancient religions and various narratives. Based on the relationship between language and religious families, he examined the characteristics of holy books and expresses his thoughts on how the comparison method should be used and the classification of religions. He traced God philologically, going back to the early periods of the religious families he divided into Aryan, Semitic and Turan, and acted with the effort of reaching a common idea of God through the similarities between them. Ultimately, he declared that the key to understanding religions is to approach each belief with compassion and especially in a non-literal way.rnKeywords: Religion; Science of Religion; Science of Language; Methodology; Phenomenology.
Techniques for the functioning of robots
Authors: Darwish Dina
Published: February 2025

Robotics is a scientific discipline focused on robots that execute tasks according to pre-established and adaptable programs and algorithms, either automatically or semi-automatically. These devices, generally referred to as robots, are either operated by people or function autonomously under the guidance of computer applications and algorithms. Robotics include the design, construction, and programming of robots. These robots directly interact with the physical environment and are frequently employed to do boring and repetitive jobs in lieu of humans. Robots can be classified according to their dimensions, application domain, or function as mentioned in this chapter. This chapter focuses on several topics related to robots, like; the functional elements of robots, anatomy of the robots, categories of robots, applications of robotics, challenges associated with robotics, robots influence on productivity, competitiveness and growth.
In Vitro and in Vivo Applications of Nanoparticles in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Halder Surabhi , Kumar Rajesh
Published: February 2025

This book offers a comprehensive exploration of the evolving nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer. It begins with the detailed overview of the various histopathological classification of the head and neck cancer. The first chapter gives detailed description on the clinical landscape of head and neck cancer. The essence of nanoparticles in the book begins with the second chapter followed with the third chapter which gives more insight into the different types of nanoparticles and their drug delivery systems. The fourth chapter explains the nanoparticles and its treatment involved in one of the most common type of head and neck cancer i.e., oral squamous cell carcinoma. The fifth and final chapter ends in note with the recent developments, current status and future perspectives of Nanoparticles.
Nanoparticles
Authors: Halder Surabhi , Kumar Rajesh
Published: February 2025

Nanoparticles exhibit unique properties, such as excellent refractory characteristics, high mechanical resistance, and compatibility with sintering and reactions involving various oxides. These nanoscale materials, despite their robust mechanical and refractory qualities, can effectively interact with different oxides, making them highly versatile. Their applications have garnered significant attention from researchers across disciplines, ranging from material science to biotechnology and genetics.
二程体用关系浅析:北宋儒学中实践与理论之辨
Authors: 吴描晖  , 叶晨曦
Published: February 2025

宋人在五代十国乱世之后，社会变革促使人们深刻反思时局，试图通过体用关系找到时代的出路。在这一时期，儒释道的合流成为一种趋势，北宋文人因此涉足于多元的思想传统，在这样的时代背景下，二程的思想突显出其独特性。他们在时代的变革中，通过对体用关系的建构，试图理解时代的思想迭变的根本答案。文章旨在对二程体用认识上进行了深入的挖掘，理解北宋儒者有关体用有何所辨。
Vaginal Hydatidiform Mole: A Rare and Uncommon Presentation
Authors: Essouni zakaryae , Mahfoud Chakir , Haidar Ali , Benbrahim Fatima Zohra , Belkouchi Lina , Allali Nazik , El Haddad Siham , Chat Latifa
Published: February 2025

Hydatidiform mole is a form of gestational trophoblastic disease characterized by the proliferation of abnormal trophoblastic tissue within the uterine cavity, typically presenting with symptoms such as abnormal bleeding and uterine enlargement. The condition is commonly associated with the formation of a mass of hydropic villi. However, the localization of a hydatidiform mole in the vaginal area is an extremely rare phenomenon, and its atypical presentation can pose significant diagnostic challenges.
In this report, we describe a case involving a woman who presented with severe metrorrhagia. Diagnostic imaging, including transabdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), was essential in detecting the rare vaginal mass. The imaging findings guided further investigation, and histological analysis was ultimately performed to confirm the presence of a hydatidiform mole. This case underscores the importance of thorough evaluation using advanced imaging techniques in the diagnosis of rare manifestations of hydatidiform mole.
Matemáticas Predictivas en Educación: Analítica del Aprendizaje
Authors: Quezada Matute Tatiana Gabriela , Escudero Alava Estuardo Alberto , Salas Coello Marlon Milton , Moreira Velásquez Jeniffer Verónica
Published: February 2025

Este libro explora el uso de modelos matemáticos y analítica de datos en el ámbito educativo, destacando cómo las matemáticas predictivas pueden mejorar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Se centra en la aplicación de la estadística, el aprendizaje automático y la inteligencia artificial para analizar el rendimiento estudiantil, detectar patrones de aprendizaje y prever dificultades académicas antes de que ocurran.
Los autores abordan la importancia de la analítica del aprendizaje como una herramienta clave para la toma de decisiones en educación, permitiendo a docentes y administradores diseñar estrategias personalizadas y basadas en evidencia. Se presentan estudios de caso y metodologías innovadoras que muestran cómo la recopilación y el análisis de datos pueden optimizar la enseñanza y mejorar los resultados educativos.
Además, el libro discute los desafíos éticos y técnicos del uso de datos en la educación, incluyendo la privacidad, la interpretación adecuada de los resultados y la implementación efectiva de estos modelos en contextos reales. Finalmente, se enfatiza el papel de la matemática predictiva como un puente entre la educación y la tecnología, impulsando la innovación en los procesos educativos.
Impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la toma de decisiones gerenciales
Authors: Silva Pérez Evelyn Johana , Toasa Renato M , Calderón Morales Víctor Hugo
Published: February 2025

La tecnología ha desarrollado recursos que han innovado el accionar del ser humano, muestra de ello es la inteligencia artificial (IA) la cual ha tomado protagonismo en la mayor parte de los sectores productivos de la sociedad. Las empresas necesitan de una figura líder que se encargue de planificar y dirigir al grupo de personas que laboran en estos espacios productivos, dichas responsabilidades se las han asignado a los gerentes, cuyas decisiones influyen en el ambiente laboral y productivo; en la gerencia se maneja una enorme cantidad de información y sus acciones repercuten directamente en la empresa, razón por la que se ha incorporado la IA a los procesos de toma de decisiones para simplificar el trabajo del gerente en cuestiones de análisis de datos y mercado para mejorar e intervenir de manera oportuna las áreas productivas que necesiten atención. En tal contexto, este trabajo realiza una revisión sistemática de literatura sobre el impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la toma de decisiones gerenciales; se utiliza el Frameworks SALSA para el desarrollo del estudio, el mismo que consta de cuatro pasos claves para identificar la situación actual del tema.
Postmodernist Poetics in Jeanette Winterson's Sexing the Cherry
Authors: Sancheti Pooja
Published: February 2025

This paper explores some of the key features of postmodernism, exemplified in how truth, history, and realism are treated within its contexts. These are connected to integral aspects of the postmodernist ethos such as deconstruction of binaries or dichotomies, disregard for metanarratives, and discursive realities, the theoretical underpinnings for much of postmodernist thought. The paper also highlights certain elements of postmodernist fiction such as self-reflexivity, intertextuality, pastiche, and historiographic metafiction, and these are then discussed extensively through a close analysis of Jeanette Winterson’s novel Sexing the Cherry (published in 1989).
Optical Enhancement of Blending Reduced Graphene Oxide with Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposite
Authors: Fadhil Mohammed , H. Naseef Hadia , Hameed Riad M. , Hussein Ali Sabah
Published: February 2025

In this study, we present findings on the optical, structural, and dielectric properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-doped poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposites. The novelty of this work lies in the comprehensive investigation of optical transparency and band structure parameters across various rGO nanosheet concentrations within the PVA polymer. Several techniques are employed to examine the morphological, structural, and optical properties of the prepared nanocomposites including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-visible spectroscopy. The optical bandgap of the nanocomposites was determined, in addition to the refractive index, optical dielectric constants, and optical conductivity of pure rGO, pure PVA, and rGO-doped PVA nanocomposites. SEM analysis presented detailed imaging of the morphological structure of the nanocomposites. Raman spectroscopy exhibited a decrease in D-band intensity accompanied by an increase in crystalline size, and a decrease in G-band intensity with a lower La, revealing a variation in crystalline size from 35.33 nm to 12.24 nm. The dielectric constant verified an increase with the rise in rGO content at a particular frequency. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the optical properties of rGO-doped PVA nanocomposites could suggestively advance the expansion of more efficient and cost-effective materials for many optical applications. As research progresses, these nanocomposites are prospective to play an essential role in the advancement of technologies such as flexible electronics, smart sensors, and next-generation photonic devices.
Mensaje Editorial
Authors: Ake Uc Moises
Published: February 2025

Mensaje del Director de la Revista
Salvation and Works
Authors: Kinoti Mary
Published: February 2025

The Reformers emphasized the theology of salvation by grace and faith alone (sola gracia and sola fidei). Yet the entire scripture teaches the correlation of works and salvation. The Reformers’ skew has led to antinomianism and anxiety among its followers. The anxious faithful ask the question: do I work or do I not? Will my good works account to nothing in my salvation? Who is responsible if I am not saved at the end? Wesley does not omit the place of works in salvation but other Reformers, for example John Calvin, do. The Wesleyan theology of salvation proposes a three tier level in the concept of salvation: justification, sanctification and glorification. It is at the second level that works apply and not at the first. The Reformers understood Paul’s theology as omitting works in the process of salvation. This article aims at reconstructing the Reformers’ interpretation of the doctrine of grace and works. It aims at correcting the Reformers’ erroneous hermeneutics through application of biblical exegesis in tracing the theme of grace and works from the Old Testament texts through to the New Testament scriptures. The article explicates the traditional African understanding of the place of works in salvation. It gives insights into African concept of salvation in which work is a key component in the process and means of salvation. The two perspectives are then juxtaposed against the sola gratia and sola fidei to develop a theology of salvation and works. A historical background to the doctrine of sola gracia and sola fidei is given so as to understand the reasons why the Reformers skewed their theology. A similar approach is given to the doctrine of grace as it develops through the scriptures. The research will be library based.
Relationship between Teachers’ Conduct and Teachers’ Performance in Public Primary Schools in Igembe North Sub-County, Meru County
Authors: Gitonga Harriet Karamana , Kibaara Tarsila , Gichohi Paul Maku
Published: February 2025

The Teachers Service Commission has put in place mechanisms to evaluate the performance of primary school teachers via the teaching competence standards outlined in the Performance Appraisal and Development manual. In spite of this effort, low performance of primary school teachers has continued to raise concerns from different stakeholders. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the teachers' conduct and the teacher's performance in public primary schools in Igembe North Sub-County, Meru County. The correlational research design was adopted. A sample size of 202 teachers, 14 head teachers, and one Sub-County Education Officer participated in the study. A proportionate simple random sampling technique was used in selecting teachers and head teachers, while the Sub-county Education Officer was purposively selected. Data was collected using questionnaires and an interview guide whose content validity and reliability were verified. Factor analysis, mean and standard deviation, correlation and regression analysis were used in analyzing the quantitative data. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the qualitative data. Information was presented in tables, and excerpts. The poor state of teachers' performance in public primary schools, which was attributed to personal, school-based, and employer-related factors, was noted. The study found out a statistically significant predictive relationship between the teacher's conduct and the teacher's performance. It recommended that TSC empowers head teachers with skills to nurture, counsel, and mentor teachers' conduct. It should also embark on an affordable continuous teacher's development program to amplify professional conduct. Results have implicated leadership, mentorship programs for teachers, and human resources management practices in public primary schools, and contributes new knowledge in staff performance and appraisal management.
How Utilization of Augmentative and Alternative Assistive Technologies affect the Academic Performance in Primary Schools for Learners with Hearing Challenges in Meru and Tharaka Nithi Counties, Kenya
Authors: Murithi Sabina , Mwirichia Severina , Gichohi Paul Maku
Published: February 2025

Despite the government of Kenya supporting the training and employment of teachers to deliver quality education to learners with hearing challenges, the academic performance in primary schools for learners with hearing impairments has been poor.  The objective of this study was to assess the effect of augmentative and alternative assistive technology devices on academic performance in primary schools for learners with hearing challenges in Meru and Tharaka Nithi counties, Kenya. The study was guided by the capability theory. The mixed-methods approach and descriptive research design were adopted. The target population was the three primary schools for learners with hearing impairments in Meru and Tharaka Nithi Counties. It interviewed head teachers and County Educational Directors of Education and issued questionnaires to learners. Staff participated in a focused group discussion. The learners, teaching and non-teaching staff, were selected using simple random sampling technique, while the three head teachers and the two County Educational Directors of Education were selected purposively. Descriptive statistics and correlation were used in the quantitative data analysis, while thematic technique was used on qualitative data. Analysis of data was done by computing inferential and descriptive statistics using SPSS. Dismal academic performance was reported in the three primary schools. The study noted inadequate and poorly maintained augmentative and alternative assistive technology devices, inadequate learners’ skills, weak guidelines for using the devices and insufficient support from the government. The utilization of augmentative and alternative assistive technology devices was low. The study recommended that the Ministry of Education should purchase all the required augmentative and alternative assistive technology devices, allocate adequate funds for their maintenance and establish a policy that fosters the utilization of augmentative and alternative assistive technology devices in the school. The findings suggest changes in the curriculum, qualification of staff, funding, and teaching pedagogies.
Self-Medication Practice and Associated Factors in under-Five Children by Parents in Bortown, Jonglei State, South Sudan
Authors: Dhieu Bior Daniel , Mogere Dominic , Ngonjo Teresia
Published: February 2025

Parents who self-medicate children under-five risk exposing them to serious health consequences such as drug resistance, worst treatment outcome and toxicity. Despite these health consequences, self-medication among children under-five years in BorTown is on the rise. Thus, the study sought to determine self-medication practice and associated factors among children under-five years in BorTown, South Sudan. Descriptive cross-sectional design, which involved stratifying the population by location and drawing representative sample using probability proportional to size formula, was utilized. 373 households with children under-five were chosen using simple random selection. In-person interviews using pre-test questionnaire were conducted. SPSS was used to analyse data. Data was summarized using descriptive statistics and the relationship between constructs was determined using chi-square. All statistical tests were deemed significant at P-value < 0.05. The findings of the study indicated that self-medication was practiced by 88.3% (n=323/). Women were the majority (66.4%), and farmers made up 91.1% of the self-medicating population. Self-medication was associated to age (p -value 0.005) and occupation (p -value 0.008). Leftover medications from prior treatments were the leading cause of self-medication (98.1%), followed by the low cost/no consultation or laboratory expenses (97.8%). 37.2% of self-medication medicines came from unused prescriptions, and 34.4% came from local pharmacies. Self-medication was most often driven by diarrhoea (40.7%), followed by fever (20.5%). Antimalarial (36.6%) and antimicrobials (29%) were the main medicines used for self-medication. Factors causing self-medication, features of self-medication and perceptions on self- medication were associated to self-medication (p-value 0.000).  Self-medication, irrational use of medicines and myths on self-medication are public health problems in BorTown. Therefore, this study called for public health education and promotion for parents and health care providers, and should stress risks associated with parents’ self-diagnose of children under-five, indiscriminate use of antimalarial and antimicrobials, inappropriate sources of medicines, and wrong perceptions on self-medication.
Factors Associated with Malnutrition among Under Five in Bosaso, Puntland Somalia
Authors: Ali Yaasir Daahir , Gisemba Beatrice , Oirere Nyakoboke
Published: February 2025

Malnutrition accounts for 52.5% of all deaths among young children across the world. Approximately 45% of all mortalities among young children in Somalia are due to under-nutrition. In Puntland, 11% of children are wasted, while in Bari, where Bosaso is located, 37% of children are underweight. This study aimed to determine factors correlated with malnutrition among children aged five years and below in the Bosaso region, Puntland - Somalia. A descriptive cross-sectional study design with purposive sampling method was deployed. The study targeted children aged less than 5 years and their mothers who attend the maternal and child health clinic and pediatric outpatient clinic at Bender Qassim Hospital in Puntland, Somalia. A total of 159 children were selected for the study. Data was gathered through face-to-face interviews with the children’s parents, while the anthropometric assessment was done using a height board and electronic weighing scales. Data analysis was aided by SPSS software involving descriptive statistics and a chi-square test. The study found that the child factor associated with malnutrition is exclusive breastfeeding, while the maternal aspect connected with malnutrition in children under 5 years includes monthly income. The majority (82.8%, n=29) of the severely wasted children were not exclusively breastfed for up to six months of their life. This was associated with wasting (p= 0.001). Despite numerous intervention programs to curb malnutrition in Bosaso, high incidences of malnutrition are still recorded. There is need for the government to strengthen active case findings for children with malnutrition so that they can be admitted to nutrition programs for management. While global and national efforts have been made to combat malnutrition in Somalia, few have deeply explored the specific, localized influences within Puntland, particularly Bosaso.
How Training in Scholarly Writing by University Libraries Supports Postgraduate Research at University of Embu and Kenya Methodist University in Kenya
Authors: Maina Antony Mwangi , Gichohi Paul Maku , Nzioka Catherine Mueni
Published: February 2025

Academic dishonesty is a significant challenge facing postgraduate research in universities. While this challenge persists, students across the globe continue to enrol in postgraduate studies. Universities employ various measures to mitigate academic dishonesty, including using antiplagiarism software, creating academic dishonesty awareness, and training students on scholarly writing. However, academic dishonesty continues to persist in postgraduate research, lowering research quality. The current study sought to investigate how training scholarly writing supports postgraduate research at the University of Embu (UoEM) and Kenya Methodist University (KeMU) in Kenya. The research used a survey research design. The target population was 1008 participants, consisting of postgraduate students, Directors of Postgraduate Studies, and librarians. Using Mugenda and Mugenda (2003) formula, the study used a sample size of 208 participants, including 195 postgraduate students, two directors of postgraduate studies, and 11 librarians. The research used stratified random sampling to establish the research sample and simple random sampling within each population stratum. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyse research data. The study established that training in scholarly writing is an effective approach in mitigating academic dishonesty. The findings indicated that postgraduate research is vital in academics. Therefore, the use of scholarly writing training as a mitigation measure against academic dishonesty among postgraduate students is necessary. The training approaches used by many universities to introduce postgraduate students to scholarly writing concepts include practical training and orientation of new students. The research recommended inclusion of training in scholarly writing to the curriculum. Further, it recommended collaboration of all stakeholders to identify areas that need more emphasis and training, and to incorporate social media platforms and student university portals in the training.
The Aspect of Assurance of Digital Institutional Repository Service Provision to Postgraduates Students at Selected Universities in Meru County
Authors: Mjeni Sophia Tsenga , Gichohi Paul Maku , Gichoya David
Published: February 2025

Theses, dissertations, reports and other research works by university communities are housed in digital institutional repositories in the library department. Postgraduate students are expected to utilize these resources; hence, the nature of services provided therein is critical. The provision of digital institutional repository service in university libraries is expected to be courteous, professional, and credible. Professionalism is demonstrated through politeness, trustworthiness, honesty, friendliness, respectfulness and competence of the institutional repository staff serving users. These attributes usually communicate assurance and heighten customer satisfaction.  The feeling of assurance is also reinforced by the experience that a user gets when interacting with the repository website; for example, the friendliness of the webpages. However, incidences of users getting disinterested and losing patience with institutional repositories have continued to be reported.This paper reports part of findings of a large study which aimed to determine how adopting SERVQUAL model can improve digital institutional repository information services to postgraduate students at universities in Meru County. This paper assessed the assurance of digital institutional repository service provision. It employed a descriptive survey research design. The target population constituted library head of sections and post-graduate students. Purposive sampling was employed to get librarians, while simple random sampling, to select students. A sample size of 101 was adopted. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Data quality was achieved by checking construct, content and face validity, while reliability was ascertained using Cronbach alpha. Data was analysed descriptively and thematically. The study found that the level of assurance in digital institutional repositories at universities in Meru County was moderate. Assurance aspects are supported by elements like: knowledgeable staff, customer-centric service, adequate ICT infrastructure, resources and facilities; customer awareness; and adequate funding. The study recommended creation of awareness, staff training and upgrading the repository technology to enhance assurance aspects.
Influence of Liquidity Risk Hedging on Performance of Real Estate Firms in Meru County, Kenya
Authors: Mburugu Kenneth Kamari , Mutea Fredrick , Rintari Nancy
Published: February 2025

Real estate investments are long-term and capital intensive projects which outperform other asset classes attracting many investors. Real estate contributes greatly to the gross domestic product of many nations. However, financial risks, such as liquidity risk, may largely affect the performance of real estate firms. Though financial risks are global, Kenya experiences high uncertainty of returns due to market volatility and economic fluctuations. This study aimed to assess the influence of Liquidity risk hedging on the performance of real estate firms in Meru County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey design, and was anchored on the liquidity preference theory. Questionnaires and secondary data schedules were used to collect data from 24 real estate firms. Using stratified random sampling method, a sample size of 131 officers   was derived using Krejcie and Morgan formula. The senior managers and financial, operations, risk, sales and legal officers from the 24 real estate firms constituted the respondents. To test the reliability and validity of the instruments, 14 questionnaires were pretested in 3 real estate firms in Tharaka Nithi County.  Data was analyzed through SPSS version 23, and results presented using descriptive and inferential statistics.  The results indicated that liquidity risk hedging had the highest positive influence on NOI, ROE, but less influence on ROA. The study recommends that banks and the financial market players train the real estate firms on available financial innovations so as to hedge risks. The findings challenge the existing paradigms and offers a new perspective on the use of derivatives in hedging real estate liquidity risk. This research aligns with the Kenyan government housing project agenda, and provides a platform for a further discussion on pitfalls to avoid in real estate investments, and the available opportunities
Role of Information Searching Proficiency in Shaping E-Resource Utilization among Graduate Students in Christian Universities
Authors: Kinoti Dennis Mwaki , Gichohi Paul Maku , Gatimu Winfred
Published: February 2025

The global shift to virtual libraries and widespread e-learning in tertiary institutions has notably increased electronic resource adoption in university libraries and information centers. To optimize e-resources use, the proficiency to effectively search for information remains a crucial factor in facilitating the research, learning, and scholarly accomplishments of graduate students. However, empirical investigations indicate that e-resources continue to experience suboptimal utilization. This study examined how the proficiency to search for information impacted the utilization of e-resources by graduate students in Christian universities in Nairobi County. The descriptive survey research design was used. The target population comprised 843 graduate students and 8 librarians. A 20% sample was taken for graduate students, resulting in 168 graduate students being selected using a stratified and systematic technique. All librarians were purposively picked for this study. Data was collected through the administration of questionnaires and interviews. Qualitative data underwent thematic analysis and thematic presentation. The quantitative data, which was presented using tables, was analyzed using measures such as mean, frequencies, standard deviation, percentages, linear regression, and Pearson correlation. The findings indicated that graduate students demonstrated a high level of familiarity with search databases. Additionally, they exhibited considerable expertise in formulating search strategies and proficiently applying various search techniques. Furthermore, the findings revealed a positive association between searching for information and the utilization of e-resources. The results of the regression analysis confirmed that the proficiency to search for information significantly predicts 81.9% of the variation in the utilization of e-resources. The study concluded that the proficiency to search for information significantly shapes e-resource utilization among graduate students in Christian Universities. The study recommends prioritizing information retrieval training, enhancing the acquisition of e-resources, involving librarians in pedagogy, incorporating and evaluating Information Literacy (IL) courses into the curriculum, and facilitating academic and professional development.
Study on Dietary, Energy and Nutrient Intake among Long Distance Athletes in Ngong’ Private Training Camps, Kenya
Authors: Mugambi Lawrence , Wandayi Okoth Michael , Abong' Ooko George , Wamiti Jeff
Published: February 2025

This study focused on long-distance athletes training in selected private training camps in Ngong area, Kenya. The study was informed by inadequacy of food, calorie, Protein, Calcium and Iron intake reported by research findings. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design and the whole population of 36 athletes comprising 23 men and 13 women athletes participated. Food frequency questionnaire was used to collect data on food intake, while 24-hour Food Recall was used to determine their mean daily intake. Standard measuring equipment were used for accuracy of the results. The data was then analyzed by determining percentage and means of food and nutrient intake, and results presented in graphical and tabular form. Inferential statistics were done using t-test, to establish the difference between calorie intake by men and women, as well as difference in intake of protein, fat, calcium and iron by the two groups. Results indicate that dairy products and cereals were the most frequently consumed foods at 96%, followed by green leafy vegetables at 88% and meat at 63 %. The mean daily carbohydrate intake for women and men was 37.4% and 47.9% respectively, while the average daily fat intake was 39% and 37 % of the RDA respectively. Mean daily protein intake for women and men was at 54.6% and 58.9%, and the mean daily iron intake was at 53.1% and 79.8% of the RDA for men and women respectively. The average calcium intake for women and men was at 59% and 68.8% of the RDA respectively. The findings indicated that there was diversity in diet in athlete training camps, but calorie and nutrient intake was inadequate. There was need therefore, for coaches to incorporate sports’ nutrition education in training camps to sensitize athletes on good dietary habits inorder to ensure adequate nutrition for optimal performance.