bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of Computed Extreme Ultraviolet Emission Spectra During Solar Flares
Authors: Nishimoto Shohei , Watanabe Kyoko , Kawai Toshiki , Imada Shinsuke , Kawate Tomoko
Published: December 2020

X-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emissions from solar flares rapidly change the physical composition of the Earth’s thermosphere and ionosphere, thereby causing space weather phenomena such as communication failures. To predict the effects of flare emissions on the Earth’s upper atmosphere, numerous empirical and physical models have been developed. We verify the extent of reproducing the flare emission spectra using a one-dimensional hydrodynamic calculation and the CHIANTI atomic database. To verify the proposed model, we use the observed EUV spectra obtained by the extreme ultraviolet variability (EVE) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). We examined the “EUV flare time-integrated irradiance” and “EUV flare line rise time” of the EUV emissions for 21 events by comparing the calculation results of the proposed model and observed EUV spectral data. The proposed model succeeded in reproducing the EUV flare time-integrated irradiance of the Fe VIII 131 Å , Fe XVIII 94 Å, and Fe XX 133 Å, as well as the 55 to 355 Å and 55 to 135 Å bands. For the EUV flare line rise time, there was acceptable correlation between the proposed model estimations and observations for all Fe flare emission lines. These results demonstrate that the proposed model can reproduce the EUV flare emission spectra from the emitting plasma with relatively high formation temperature. This indicates that the physics-based model is effective for the accurate reproduction of EUV spectral flux.
Energy-Efficient Time and Energy Resource Allocation in Non-selfish Symbiotic Cognitive Relaying Sensor Network with Privacy Preserving for Smart City
Authors: Li Ping , Liu Yu , Gao Xiang , Li Huibo , Gong Peng
Published: December 2020

Energy efficiency and privacy preserving have become essential for the wireless sensor networks. In this paper, a joint energy and time resource allocation problem for the cognitive users (CUs) in a non-selfish symbiotic cognitive relaying scheme (NSCRS) is considered. We aim to maximize the total energy efficiency (EE) of the primary user and cognitive users with the consideration of information privacy under the total energy constraints of cognitive users. With full channel state information (CSI), an optimal energy and time resource allocation algorithm is proposed based on the exhaustive searching. Besides, in order to reduce the overhead of CSI feedback, a suboptimal algorithm, in which only the partial instantaneous CSI is required, is additionally proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the energy efficiency of primary and cognitive users in the NSCRS with consideration of information privacy can be greatly improved by the proposed algorithms.
Tuberculosis (TB) in the refugee camps in Ethiopia: Trends of case notification, profile, and treatment outcomes, 2014 to 2017
Authors: Legesse Tsegay , Admenur Goitom , Gebregzabher Selemawit , Woldegebriel Eyob , Fantahun Bexabeh , Tsegay Yemane , Bayssa Abeyot , Darge Berihu , Denbu Yidnekachew , Michalel Hayelom , Abera Kibebew , Alemayeh Abraham , Kebede Dejene , Kassa Desta
Published: December 2020

Background: Severity of TB increases in refugee populations. Monitoring TB case notification and treatment outcomes are essential to improve the effectiveness of TB programs. This study aimed to investigate trends in TB case notification and treatment outcomes and explore factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome in refugee camps in Ethiopia. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, demographic and clinical data of all TB cases registered in 25 refugee camps in Ethiopia from January 2014 to December 2017 were extracted. Multivariate logistic regression was fitted to estimate odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for the measure of association linked with factors significantly associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes. Results: A total of 1553 TB cases, mean age 27.7 years, were registered from 2014 to 2017. Of these notified cases 54.7% were men, 27.7% children (< 15 years), 71.2% pulmonary TB (PTB), 27.8% Extra-PTB (EPTB) and 98.3% new and relapse. From 2014 to 2017: there was consistent increase in number of notified TB cases (138 to 588 cases), in percentage of EPTB (23.2% to 32.7%), in contribution of children to total TB cases (18.8% to 30.1%) and to EPTB (40.6% to 65.1%), and in proportion of bacteriologically confirmed new and relapse pulmonary cases (43.8% to 64.8%). Treatment success rates for all TB cases remained lower at 72.7%-79.4%. On average 24.8% had unfavorable treatment outcome, including 11.5% not evaluated, 8.0% LTFU, 4.8% died and 0.5% treatment failed. Unsuccessful treatment was significantly associated with pretreatment weight below 40 Kg, age over 45 years, and being HIV positive. Conclusions: There was continuous increase in notified TB cases and in percentage of childhood TB. Proportion of bacteriologically confirmed new and relapse pulmonary cases increased overtime. TB treatment success remained lower than the national achievement in 2017 (96%) and global target (>=90%), which needs improvement. The higher LTFU, not evaluated, and death suggests the need to strengthen adherence education and supervision. Special socio-economic support and monitoring is required for patients with pretreatment weight below 40 Kg, age over 45 years and HIV positives.
A retrospective quantitative implementation evaluation of Safer Opioid Prescribing, a Canadian continuing education program
Authors: Sud Abhimanyu , Doukas Kathleen , Hodgson Katherine , Hsu Justin , Miatello Amber , Moineddin Rahim , Paton Morag
Published: December 2020

BackgroundContinuing health professions education (CHPE) is an important policy intervention for the opioid epidemic. Besides effectiveness or impact, health policy implementation should be studied to understand how an intervention was delivered within complex environments. Implementation outcomes can be used to help interpret CHPE effects and impacts, help answer questions of “how” and “why” programs work, and inform transferability. We evaluated Safer Opioid Prescribing (SOP), a national CHPE program, along the implementation outcomes of reach, dose, fidelity, and participant responsiveness.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective quantitative implementation evaluation of the 2014-2017 cohorts of SOP. To measure reach and dose, we examined participation and completion data. We used Ontario physician demographic data, including regulatory status with respect to controlled substances, to examine relevant trends. To measure fidelity and participant responsiveness, we analyzed participant-provided evaluations of bias, active learning, and relevance to practice. We used descriptive statistics and measures of association for both continuous and categorical variables. We used logistic regression to determine predictors of workshop participation and analysis of covariance to examine variation in satisfaction across different-sized sessions.ResultsIn total, there were 472 unique participants, 84.0% of whom were family physicians. Among Ontario physician participants, 90.0% were family physicians with characteristics representative of province-wide demographics. Webinar completion rate was 86.2% with no differences in completion based on rurality, gender, or controlled substance prescribing status with medical regulatory authorities. Nearly all participants rated the three webinars and workshop as balanced, and each element of SOP was also rated as highly relevant to clinical practice.ConclusionsThis evaluation demonstrates that Safer Opioid Prescribing was implemented as intended. Over a short period and without any external funding, the program reached more than 1% of the Ontario physician workforce. This suggests that the program may be a good model for using virtual CHPE to reach a critical mass of prescribers to drive population-level opioid utilization changes. This study represents a methodological advance of adapting evaluation methods from health policy and complex interventions for continuing health professions education. Future studies will assess effectiveness and impact on opioid prescribing and utilization within evaluation models of complex interventions.
A practice facilitation-guided intervention in primary care settings to reduce cardiovascular disease risk: A cost analysis
Authors: Gold Heather T , Siman Nina , Cuthel Allison M , Nguyen Ann M , Pham-Singer Hang , Berry Carolyn A , Shelley Donna R
Published: December 2020

Background A stepped-wedge, cluster randomized controlled trial assessed the effectiveness of practice facilitation (PF) for adoption of guidelines for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease risk factors. This study estimated the associated cost of PF for guideline adoption in small, private primary care practices.Methods The cost analysis included categories for start-up costs, intervention costs, and practice staff costs for the implemented PF-guided intervention. We estimated the total one-year costs to operate the program, and calculated the mean and range of the cost-per-practice by quarter of the intervention. We estimated the lower and upper bounds for all salary expenses, rounding to the nearest $100. Results Total one-year intervention costs for all 261 practices ranged from $7,900,000-$10,200,000, with program and practice salaries comprising $6,600,000-$8,400,000 of the total. Start-up costs were a small proportion (3%) of total one-year costs. Excluding start-up costs, quarter 1 cost-per-practice was the most expensive at $20,400-$26,700, and quarter 4 was least expensive at about $10,000. Practice staff time (compared with program staff time) was the majority of the staffing costs at 75-84%. Conclusions The PF strategy cost approximately $10,000 per practice per quarter for program and practice costs, once implemented and running at highest efficiency. Whether this program is “worth it” to the decision-maker depends on the relative costs and effectiveness of their other options for improving cardiovascular risk reduction. Trial Registration This study is retrospectively registered on January 5, 2016 at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02646488. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02646488
Molecular detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxins and mecA genes products in selected food samples collected from different areas in Khartoum state.
Authors: Yahya Mohammed , Ali Hashim Abdalbagi , Gorish Babbiker Mohammed Taher , Ali Sara Omer , Abdalrhim Eman Saif Aldein , Mergani Mawada Hamza , Elgadir Asmaa Abass Abd , Mohammed Somaya Khalid , Ahmed Salma Omer , Musa Naglaa Alsaeid , Ahmed Alaa Saeed , Abdalla Wafaa Mohammed , Hamedelnil Yousif Fadlallah , Hashim Ahmed Ibrahim , Altayeb Hisham N.
Published: December 2020

Background: Staphylococcal food poisoning is an intoxication that results from the consumption of improperly prepared or stored foods containing sufficient amounts of one or more preformed S. aureus enterotoxins. Nowadays many researchers worldwide noted an emergence of resistant strains Staphylococci particularly for the antibiotic methicillin. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the existence of Staphylococcus aureus and its enterotoxins, mecA genes in selected food samples.Results: A total of 400 selected food samples were collected from different areas in Khartoum state. The selected foods included cheese, meat products, fish and raw milk. One hundred sample from each type of food were cultivated and the resultant growth yielded 137 (34.25 %) S. aureus, 126 (31.5%) bacteria other than S. aureus and 137 (34.25%) yielded no growth. Eighty-four of the137 S. aureus isolates were randomly selected and tested for the presence of mecA and enterotoxin genes. Oxacillin sensitivity test showed that 15(11%) of 137 S. aureus isolates were Oxacillin resistant. The PCR assay showed that the mecA gene was detected in 15 of 84 (17%) S. aureus isolates. Simultaneously, only 2 (2.385%) out of 84 S. aureus isolates showed an enterotoxin B gene product. Conclusion: There was a relatively moderate prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus with very low frequency of enterotoxin B gene in different kinds of selected food samples that collected from Khartoum state. These findings elucidate the increased risk on public in Khartoum being affected by Staphylococcal food poisoning upon consumption of dairy or meat products prepared in unhygienic conditions that could lead to intoxication by Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins.
Extended Adverse Effects of Cyclophosphamide on Mouse Ovarian Function
Authors: Kim Jihyun , You Sooseong
Published: December 2020

Background: Most patients with cancer undergo multiple administrations of anticancer drugs during treatment, resulting in chronic impairment of their reproductive health. As improved treatment options increase cancer survival, it has become increasingly important to address fertility issues in cancer survivors. In this study, we examined the pathophysiological effects of multiple exposures to cyclophosphamide (Cy) on the ovaries of mice and their underlying molecular mechanism. Methods: Female C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg Cy six times over 2 weeks; 4 weeks later, the mice were sacrificed and their ovaries, sera, and oocytes were collected for histological observation, measurement of anti-Müllerian hormone levels, and assessment of oocyte quantity and quality in response to hormonal stimulation. Gene expression changes in Cy-treated ovaries were examined by microarray and bioinformatics analyses. Results: After repeated Cy exposure, the anti-Müllerian hormone level was decreased, and follicle loss and impairments in the quality of oocyte were irreversible. The expression levels of genes involved in folliculogenesis, oogenesis, and zona pellucida glycoprotein transcription displayed sustained alterations in Cy-exposed ovaries even after 4 weeks.Conclusion: The adverse effects of Cy on ovarian function and oocytes remained even after chemotherapy was complete. Therefore, strategies to prevent ovarian damage or restore ovarian function after treatment are required to safeguard the fertility of young cancer survivors.
Expression of Substance P, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in human dental pulp under different clinical stimuli
Authors: Caviedes-Bucheli Javier , Lopez-Moncayo Luis Fernando , Munoz-Alvear Hernan Dario , Gomez-Sosa Jose Francisco , Diaz-Barrera Luis Eduardo , Curtidor Hernando , Munoz Hugo Roberto
Published: December 2020

Background To quantify the expression of SP, CGRP, and VEGF in human dental pulps as a response to occlusal trauma, moderate orthodontic forces, and occlusal trauma plus moderate orthodontic forces simultaneously.Methods Forty human dental pulp samples were collected from healthy premolars indicated for extraction for orthodontic reasons in 20 patients. Patients were divided into four groups with 10 samples each (5 lower and 5 upper premolars from each patient): Healthy pulp control group, occlusal trauma group, moderate orthodontic forces group; and occlusal trauma plus moderate orthodontic forces group. Stimuli were applied for 24 h before tooth extraction in all experimental groups. All samples were processed, and SP, CGRP, and VEGF were measured by radioimmunoassay. The ANOVA test was performed to establish significant differences between groups and Tukey’s HSD post hoc comparisons were also performed.Results The highest increase in SP, CGRP, and VEGF expressions was found in the occlusal trauma plus orthodontic forces group, followed by the moderate orthodontic forces, the occlusal trauma and the control groups, with statistically significant differences between all groups (ANOVA p<0.001). All pairwise post-hoc comparisons were also significant (Tukey HSD p<0.001).Conclusion SP, CGRP, and VEGF expressions significantly increase in human dental pulps when stimulated by occlusal trauma combined with moderate orthodontic forces, as compared with these two stimuli applied independently. Name of the registry: Importance of Neurogenic Inflammation in the Angiogenic Response of the Dental Pulp as a Defensive ResponseTrial registration number: NCT03804034Date of registration: 01/15/2019 Retrospectively registeredURL of trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03804034?term=NCT03804034&draw=2&rank=1
The evaluation of maximum condyle-tragus distance can predict difficult airway management without exposing upper respiratory tract: a prospective observational study
Authors: Wu Hao , Hu Dandan , Chen Xu , Zhang Xuebing , Xia Min , Chai Xiaoqing , Wang Sheng , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2020

Background: Routine preoperative methods to assess airway such as the interincisor distance(IID), Mallampati classification, and the upper lip bite test(ULBT) have a certain risk of upper respiratory tract exposure and virus spread. The condyle-tragus maximal distance(C-TMD) can be used to assess the airway, and the assessment method does not require the patient to expose the upper respiratory tract, but its value in predicting difficult laryngoscopy compared to other indicators (Mallampati classification, IID, and ULBT) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to observe the value of C-TMD to predict difficult laryngoscopy and the influence on intubation time and intubation attempts, and provide a new idea for preoperative airway assessment during epidemic. Methods: We enrolled adult patients who underwent general anesthesia and tracheal intubation. The IID, Mallampati classification, ULBT, and the C-TMD of each patient were evaluated prior to the initiation of anesthesia. The primary outcome was intubation time. The second outcome were difficult laryngoscopy defined as the Cormack-Lehane Level > grade 2 and the number of intubation attempts. Results: A total of 304 patients were successfully included in the study, 39 patients were identified as difficult laryngoscopy. The intubation time was shorter with the C-TMD＞1 finger group 46.8±7.3s, compared with the C-TMD＜1 finger group 50.8±8.6s (p＜0.01). First attempt success rate was higher in the C-TMD＞1 finger group 98.9% than in the C-TMD＜1 finger group 87.1% (P＜0.01). The correlation between the C-TMD and Cormack-Lehane Level was 0.317(Spearman correlation coefficient, P＜0.001), and the area under the ROC curve was 0.699(P＜0.01). The C-TMD <1 finger width was the most consistent with difficult laryngoscopy (κ=0.485;95%CI:0.286-0.612) and its OR value was 10.09(95%CI: 4.19-24.28), sensitivity was 0.469(95%CI: 0.325-0.617), specificity was 0.929(95%CI: 0.877-0.964), positive predictive value was 0.676 (95%CI: 0.484-0.745), negative predictive value was 0.847(95%CI :0.825-0.865).Conclusion: Compared with the IID , Mallampati classification and ULBT, the C-TMD has higher value in predicting difficult laryngoscopy and does not require the exposure of upper respiratory tract.Trial registration: The study was registered on October 21, 2019 in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900026775).
Individual Approach for Treatment of Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia in Children: Single-center Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kwon Yiyoung , Kim Eun Sil , Choe Yon Ho , KIM Mi Jin
Published: December 2020

Background: Intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare disease. Thus, prospective studies are impossible, and therapy is still controversial. Several medicines are suggested for treatment but there are no existing indications for drug choice and treatment guidelines. We aimed to introduce the action mechanism of each drug and treatment overview in a single-center experience and a review of the literature on second-line therapy for primary intestinal lymphangiectasia.Method: Children under 18 years old diagnosed with intestinal lymphangiectasia from June 2000 to June 2020 were included and retrospectively reviewed in the study. Capsule endoscopy, MR lymphangiography, or whole-body MRI for investigating the extent of abnormal lymphatic vessels in addition to endoscopy and biopsy were conducted. The individual treatment approaches depended upon the lymphangiectasis locations involved.Results: Only one patient showed a response to dietary therapy. One patient was successfully cured after two therapeutic lymphatic embolization. Octreotide was tried for two patients who had extensive lymphangiectasis. Lymphangiectasis recurred when octreotide was used for three months in one patient, and there was no effect in the other patient. Sirolimus was tried for four patients. Two of them had abnormal lymphatic lesions only in the intestine, and the others had extensive lymphangiectasis. The former group showed clinical improvement after 3 – 4 months of sirolimus treatment, whereas the latter group showed clinical improvement only after one month of sirolimus treatment.Conclusion: Surgery or embolization is a potential therapeutic option for patients with focal abnormal lymphatic lesions. Octreotide is not an optimal choice for patients with extensive lymphangiectasis. Sirolimus is an effective and safe drug and can be the first drug of choice for patients with extensive lymphangiectasis.
The Role of Intellectual Property Rights on Access to Medicines in the WHO African Region: 25 Years After the TRIPS Agreement
Authors: Motari Marion , Nikiema Jean-Baptiste , Kasilo Ossy Muganga Julius , Kniazkov Stanislav , Loua Andre , Sougou Aissatou , Tumusiime Prosper
Published: December 2020

Background It is now 25 years since the adoption of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the same concerns raised during its negotiations such as high prices of medicines, market exclusivity and delayed market entry for generics remain relevant as highlighted recently by the Ebola and COVID-19 pandemics. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) mandate to work on the interface between intellectual property, innovation and access to medicine has been continually reinforced and extended to include providing support to countries on the implementation of TRIPS flexibilities in collaboration with stakeholders. This study analyses the role of intellectual property on access to medicines in the African Region. Methods We analyze patent data from the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) and Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OAPI) to provide a situational analysis of patenting activity and trends. We also review legislation to assess how TRIPS flexibilities are implemented in countries.Results Patenting was low for African countries. Only South Africa and Cameroon appeared in the list of top ten originator countries for ARIPO and OAPI respectively. Main diseases covered by African patents were HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular diseases, cancers and tumors. Majority countries have legislation allowing for compulsory licensing and parallel importation of medicines, while the least legislated flexibilities were explicit exemption of pharmaceutical products from patentable subject matter, new or second use of patented pharmaceutical products, imposition of limits to patent term extension and test data protection. 39 countries have applied TRIPS flexibilities, with the most common being compulsory licensing and LDC transition provisions. Discussion Countries of the WHO African Region operate within a multi-layered IP regulatory landscape globally and at regional level which is characterized by inconsistencies and misalignment which limit the extent to which countries can implement TRIPS flexibilities. Conclusions Opportunities exist for WHO to work with ARIPO and OAPI to support countries in reviewing their legislation to be more responsive to public health needs.
Factors Affecting Women Entrepreneurs’ Success; A study of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Emerging Market of Pakistan
Authors: KHAN RIZWAN Ullah , Salamzadeh Yashar , Shah Syed Zulfiqar Ali , Hussain Mazhar
Published: December 2020

In the present era, women are recognized as successful entrepreneurs through their strong desire, qualities and capabilities for robust economic development. Due to such an important contribution of women in economic development, we propose to investigate the factors, which affect women entrepreneur’s success in Pakistan. Data collected through structured questionnaires from 181 registered SMEs operating in Pakistan. A conceptual model is developed, while SPSS and AMOS software’s are used for analysis. The results indicate that the internal factors; including the need for achievements, risk-taking and self-confidence and external factors including economic factors and socio-cultural factors have a positive and significant influence on the success of women-owned enterprises. This research recommends Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority (SMEDA), policymakers and practitioners to encourage women entrepreneurs to run their businesses for the long term by providing a variety of incentives and supports related to those internal and external factors. Numerous studies have been conducted to test the different factors’ effects on women's entrepreneurial success, but our study investigated some psychological, cultural and religious factors that are still almost untouched especially in Pakistan. The current study also contributes to the existing literature through empirical shreds of evidence.
Plasmonic chiral metasurface absorber based on bilayer fourfold twisted semicircle nanostructure at optical frequency
Authors: Cheng Yongzhi , Chen Fu , Luo Hui
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we present a plasmonic chiral metasurface absorber (CMSA), which can achieve the high selective absorption for right-handed and left-handed circular polarization (RCP, “+”, and LCP, “-”) lights at optical frequency. The CMSA is composed of a dielectric substrate sandwiched with bi-layer fourfold twisted semicircle metal nanostructure. The proposed CMSA has a strong selective absorption band, where absorption peaks for LCP and RCP lights occur at different resonance frequencies, reflecting the existence of a significant circular dichroism (CD) effect. It is shown that the absorbance of the CMSA can reach to 93.2% for LCP light and 91.6% for RCP light, and that the maximum CD magnitude is up to 0.85 and 0.91 around 288.5 THz and 404 THz, respectively. The mechanism of the strong chiroptical response of the CMSA is illustrated by electric fields distributions of the unit-cell nanostructure. Furthermore, the influence of the geometry of the proposed CMSA on the circular polarization selective absorption characterization is studied systematically.
In situ acoustic analysis of two 20th-century heritage carillons
Authors: Orr Scott Allan
Published: December 2020

Carillons are a diverse and global form of musical and civic heritage: musical instruments comprised of a series of 23 or more bells, typically hung in a tower-like structure, tuned chromatically and played from a touch-sensitive manual and pedal console using an elaborate mechanical action. Carillon bells have a distinct series of musical overtones which should be accurately tuned to one another and with other bells they sound alongside. Although these overtones have been previously studied ex situ, this study assesses the acoustic characteristics of two early-20th century carillons in Toronto, Canada as a combination of structure, bells, and mechanical action. Thus, the instrument and its context are considered holistically, more accurately reflecting the musical sensitivity of a carillonist. Spectral analysis of audio samples of each bell at different musical dynamic levels enabled the analysis of the acoustic qualities of the bells and the mechanical action of the instruments. The tuning of bells in the instruments varied; most importantly, there was a significant difference between the audial intensity of the bell tones produced by the instruments, demonstrating the importance of the mechanical action as part of the 'carillon system'. This was represented with a resistive power-law model, that represents the sensitivity of intensity to carillonist musical dynamic level. A discussion of the implications for artistic and heritage practice follows. Understanding the in situ physical acoustics of the carillon as a holistic instrument in its context informs performers, arrangers, and composers of how they can best embrace the instrument's unique qualities to improve artistic pursuits and support the appreciation of carillons as heritage instruments and function as civic voices.
A nomogram with lymph node status predicts survival and the benefit of postoperative  adjuvant therapy in IIIA-N2 Non-small cell lung cancer patients after surgery
Authors: Chen Ye , Dong Lei , Li Minjing , He Fei , Qiu ChenHui , Cai Wanru
Published: December 2020

Objective: This study aimed at establishing a novel nomogram predicting overall survival and investigating the survival benefit of various postoperative adjuvant treatments (POAT) in IIIA-N2 Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after surgery.Methods: Data of IIIA-N2 NSCLC patients between 2004 and 2016 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER). Patients were excluded if the information regarding follow-up time and clinicopathological features were incomplete. Through Univariate and multivariate analyses, independent prognostic factors were identified and integrated into the construction of nomogram. The survival benefit of POAT was evaluated in model-defined low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk subgroups, respectively.Results: In total, 4389 patients were finally included for analysis. Patients’ age, sex, T stage, differentiation grade, examined lymph nodes number (ELN), metastatic lymph nodes number (MLN), and metastatic lymph nodes ratio (LNR) were identified as independent prognostic factors and were integrated into the construction of nomogram. The C-index and calibration curves indicated that the predictive performance of the nomogram was satisfactory. Patients were then categorized into three prognostic groups with the increasing risk of all-cause of death. The prognosis of patients receiving POAT (POCT or PORT plus POCT) and patients receiving surgery alone was comparable in low-risk group, while POCT could significantly prolong survival for IIIA-N2 NSCLC patients after surgery in moderate-risk and high-risk groups. Only patients in high-risk group could benefit from the combination of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and postoperative chemotherapy (POCT).Conclusion: In this large-cohort retrospective study, A survival-predicting nomogram and risk stratification model were established to estimate prognosis in IIIA-N2 NSCLC patients. Surgery alone was recommended as the first choice of treatment to patients in low-risk group. POCT was recommended for patients in moderate-risk group, and the combination of PORT and POCT was recommended for patients in high-risk group. This study may provide additional integration, introspection, and improvement for therapeutic decision-making.
The role of multimedia communication in the Arab Spring
Authors: Verbytska Hanna
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Social media in the Arab world before the Arab Spring were described as marginal, alternative, and elitist, and their impact was minimal due to low Internet access. The events of 2011 across the Arab world caused the rise of “social media”. However, their role in recent events remains unclear.
Relevance and purpose. The Arab Spring caused the study not only of the driving forces of this phenomenon but also its impact on the development of social networks. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to identify the role of modern information and communication technologies in the protest movements of the Arab world.
Methodology. General and specific methods based on objective laws of social communication, including logical and dialectical, method of analysis and synthesis, and abstract-logical method are used.
Results. Nowadays social and political context has proven the Internet to be perhaps the most effective means of communication which can quickly reach and involve large
population groups. In this case, the Internet is a unifying communication factor on three levels – personal, group, and mass. Particular attention should be paid to a new phenomenon on the Internet, which can be described as the “virtual solidarity of people”, who are online. It dramatically revealed itself during the Arab Revolutions in 2011, when large numbers of strangers united, planned, and organized joint political protests using social networks.
Conclusions. The Internet is an effective tool for creating and destroying social actors. It acts both as a means of influence and as a means of obtaining information. The Internet usage by the opposing parties either in communication or confrontation between different groups enables the formation of different models of political development and political processes on vast territories. Thus, during the Arab Spring, we observed the emergence of two models – the Tunisian and the Arabian (in simple terms – revolutionary and stabilizing). In both cases, the borrowing (reception) of Western principles of political culture is present, but the main difference between them lies in the means of implementation in society. At that, both cases are characterized by focusing on national traditions and preserving the Muslim religion.

Keywords: social networks; social communication; internet; Arab Spring; social actors.
The functioning of the Ukrainian travel content on Instagram social network: audience, topics, and format
Authors: Bondarenko Tetiana , Oliinyk Yurii
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study. The article analyzes the distinguishing traits of the Ukrainian travel content presented on the online social network Instagram, clarifies basic concepts, offers classification features that characterize the travel content (by segmented tourist topics; by the number of participants on a trip; by the mode of traveling; by the language of presentation; by the presence of different types of content). It also focuses on formats used to communicate and interact with the audience.
Methods. The topic analysis is used to identify classification features that characterize
various types of posts, to investigate aggregated theoretical and practical studies; a comparison method is applied to compare and contrast scientific views on the issue and travel content; a typology method helps to structure the essential features of travel content; a method of generalization is used to systematize and present research findings.
Results and conclusions. The concept of the online social network travel-blog is clarified, which allows defining the category: the travel-blog is referred to as a user’s collection of tourist-related posts, distinguished by the author’s style, structure, periodicity of updating, and variety of its content. It is emphasized that the concept of travel content, represented by audio, visual, and multimedia components, has a wider semantics. The ten most popular travel blogs recorded on the online social network Instagram are analyzed. The following criteria used to classify the travel content include segmented tourist topics, the number of participants on a trip; the mode of traveling; language; and the presence of different types of content. The ways of information and communication interaction between travel bloggers and online social network users are explored.

Keywords: travel-blog, travel-blogger, travel-content, travel-post, information-communication interaction, online social networks audience.
Advertisement as a mean of manipulative influence on the consumer: language and style
Authors: Livitska Oksana
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The study describes different expressive means and devices which are used in TV advertising texts. Advertising has taken a dominant place on television and radio, in newspapers and magazines, and on the Internet. Advertising has become a conglomerate that has covered almost every area of our lives.
The relevance of the study. The increasing role of advertising in the modern world has led to an increased interest in the study of this social phenomenon among scholars in various fields. A text is one of the most important components of advertising and a means of manipulation. Creating an effective, influential advertising text, which excites the consumer desire to buy an advertised item, requires the precise selection and a successful combination of words. So we can speak about the relevance of language study of advertising texts, which has a significant impact on the effectiveness, comprehensibility of TV advertisement, and its perception.
The methodology. The following methods were used in the study: typological (identification and ordering of expressive means in TV advertising texts); functional (clarifying the role of the above-mentioned means); structural (identification of relationships between components of the common system); hermeneutic (in-depth interpretation of the semantic load of expressive means).
Results: different expressive means and devices are used in TV advertising texts in order to provide the success of the advertised product, to create an attractive image of goods, services for potential customers, and to ensure a certain level of demand for goods. In order to attract more attention to their products manufacturers and advertisers take into account the power of words, so they use a large number of tropes: epithet structures, metaphors, hyperbole, comparisons. Such lexical expressive means significantly enrich advertising texts, contribute to their easy memorization, maximize the advertising effectiveness.
Conclusions: So epithet structures, metaphors, hyperboles, comparisons are important elements of advertising texts that provide the impact of high-intensity on consumers, creating a certain emotional effect, reduce the distance between the object of advertising and its consumer, show the advantages of the advertised product over others, provide the opportunity to influence on the minds of the audience. Thus, the above means have a high manipulation potential, become the basis for the transfer of the basic idea of the advertisement itself, push the consumer to the right opinion, and therefore motivate to purchase the advertised product or service.

Keywords: expressive means, manipulative influence, advertising text, TV advertisement.
The image of Ukraine in journalism in 20-30 years of the XX century: the national dimension
Authors: Kolkutina Viktoriya
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The study was inspired by the desire to comprehend the process of nation-building in Ukraine in the first decades of the twentieth century, which emerged on the basis of socio-political, historical, social and cultural factors, the identification of constructive impulses of the mentally-helpless duality of the psychology of the Ukrainian movement and the ideological exhaustion and non-viability of political doctrines that were existing at that time.
The purpose of the article is to study the image of Ukraine in the journalism of Dmitry
Dontsov in the nationalistic aspect.
Research methods. The dominant methods of research were hermeneutics (mostly the
method of national and philosophical interpretation) and post-colonialism. With the help of them, the problem of the philosophy of national existence was interpreted and the phenomenon of the national-centered methodology of thinking was outlined, Dontsov’s understanding of beauty in journalism and literature has been updated.
As a result of the work, it was determined that characters build a certain structure of
foundations, which allows to test and study existential modes that destroy or, conversely, update, change the national coexistence. Alienation, separation, loneliness, indifference, tolerance, avoidance, humiliation are defective negative modes, which are opposed by the positive, author’s literary modes of national liberation struggle (disaster, faith, will, repentance, irony, glory, dream, earth, sun, share, hut, sea). On the basis of the practice of interpreting the modes of human existence, D. Dontsov unfolds a large-scale fantasy of the crippled current existence of Ukrainians, who are guilty of it themselves.
The spectacles of a terrible catastrophe, hell, apocalyptic poetics, and symbolism, like a
flash, multiply rapidly spiritual, and, hence, national devastation. Dontsov’s generalization of Shevchenko’s picture of the world is an exhortation to return to their own national independence, because of days and nights “pass”. The threatening figures of I. Pidkova and T. Tryasyla are disappearing, and Ukraine plunges into an inevitable spiritual and historical gap.
Therefore the essayist visually reproduced the existential images of Shevchenko’s universe are transmitted not only to “save” the poet – it is an impetus for the salvation of the nation. It is clear that, as if from a first glance, the sufficiently approved theme of Ukraine, which finds its brightest expression in the work of both Ukrainian and world publicists, is realized absolutely in a new way in the portfolio of Dmitry Dontsov. This topic is expressed in a new and modern way, given the need for the more active involvement of D. Dontsov’s national-centric heritage in contemporary humanitarian work, in order to counteract the abusive strategies and practices of cultural imperialism and cosmopolitanism, in particular in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war.

Keywords: journalism, the image of Ukraine, the national philosophical aspect
Būsimųjų muzikos pedagogų požiūris į reflektyvaus mokymo(si) galimybes
Authors: Šiupinytė Justina , Kavaliauskienė Angelė
Published: December 2020

Straipsnyje analizuojamas reflektyvus mokymas(is), aptariami mokymo(si) taikant refleksiją lygmenys, reflektyvaus mokymo(si) metodai. Tyrimo tikslas ̶ atskleisti būsimųjų muzikos pedagogų požiūrį į reflektyvaus mokymo(si) galimybes. Tyrimo tikslui pasiekti iškelti šie uždaviniai: 1) apibrėžti reflektyvaus mokymo(si) sampratą; 2) aptarti reflektyvaus mokymo(si) metodus; 3) empiriškai ištirti būsimųjų muzikos pedagogų požiūrį į reflektyvaus mokymo(si) galimybes. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė, anketinės apklausos rezultatų analizė. Tyrimas vyko 2019 m. balandžio mėnesį, kuriame dalyvavo 37 būsimieji muzikos mokytojai. Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo siekiama atskleisti būsimųjų muzikos pedagogų požiūrį į refleksijos aktualumą jų profesinio tobulėjimo procese, į veiksmingiausius refleksijoje taikomus metodus ir refleksijos taikymo galimybes muzikiniame ugdyme.Išanalizavus mokslinę literatūrą galima teigti, kad reflektyvus mokymas(is) yra procesas, kuriame patirtis paverčiama mokymusi. Reflektyvaus mokymo(si) metu galima stebėti savo asmeninį augimą ir rasti būdus tobulinti mokymo mokytis procesą. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad, pasitelkus refleksiją, analizuojant profesinę patirtį ieškoma sėkmingiausių problemos sprendimo būdų. Būsimųjų pedagogų ugdyme taikomi reflektyvaus mokymo(si) metodai užtikrina proceso individualizavimą ir asmeninio progreso įvertinimą. Sėkmingiausiai profesinė patirtis reflektuojama taikant dienoraščio rašymo, laisvosios asociacijos bei struktūruotos diskusijos metodus. Atliktas empirinis tyrimas atskleidė, kad būsimieji muzikos pedagogai mano, jog labiausiai refleksija padeda analizuoti savo mokymąsi, ugdyti kritinį mąstymą ir skatina tobulinti savo akademinius ir profesinius pasiekimus.Tiek ugdymo proceso, tiek būsimųjų muzikos pedagogų tobulėjime aktualiausias, respondentų nuomone, yra struktūruotos diskusijos metodas. Respondentai nurodė, kad refleksijos taikymas muzikiniame ugdyme leidžia mokytojui atpažinti ir įvertinti savo klaidas, moko vaikus vertinti savo muzikinius gebėjimus ir reikalauja mokytojo kūrybingumo. Tyrimas parodė, kad pedagogui, kaip nuolat besimokančiai asmenybei, reflektyvus mokymas(is) yra vienas svarbiausių veiksnių, padedančių nuolat atsinaujinti, permąstyti savo veiklą ir asmeniškai tobulėti.
The Influence of the Structure Parameters on the Extensibility of Woven Fabrics
Authors: Klevaityte Ramune , Sacevičienė Virginija , Masteikaitė Vitalija , Urbelis Virginijus
Published: December 2020

Fabric deformation properties considerably depend on its structure. Garment elasticity is an important factor that allows a garment wearer to move freely. Fabric deformation depends on the structure parameters of yarrn and fabric. It has been known that elongation at break of fabric with elastane yarn is higher than of ordinary fabric. The aim of this work was to analyse elongation at break parameters of the and warp and weft yarn in fabrics. Ten commercially produced samples of woven fabrics were used in the experiment. Some samples were with elastan yarn in the warp and weft directions or only in the weft direction. Elongation at break was measured applying a standard method. The results showed that elongation at break of the main elastic component or another component may occur simultaneously when an elastic component or elastane yarn may reach fabric ultimate elongation.
SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIFUNGAL STUDIES ON LANTHANUM (III) AND PRASEODYMIUM (III) COMPLEXES WITH N2O2DIAZADIOXAMACROCYCLES
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India., Tripathi Priti , Kumar Srivastava Akhilesh ,   Department of Chemistry, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India., Prakash Pandey Om ,   Department of Chemistry, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India., Kumar Sengupta Soumitra ,   Department of Chemistry, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India.
Published: December 2020

A novel series of N2O2diazadioxamacrocyclic complexes of type [Ln(mac)Cl3] has been synthesized via the condensation reactions of a 3-(phenyl/substituted phenyl)-4-amino-5-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazoles with salicylaldehyde and 1,4-dibromobutane in the presence of lanthanum(III) chloride and praseodymium(III) chloride in ethanol. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, electronic absorption, IR, 1HNMR. The particle size of the complexes have been calculated from XRD spectral using Debye-Scherrer formula and these are found to be in 29-31 nm range. In order to evaluate the biological activity of Schiff bases and to assess the role of Ln(III) and Pr(III) metal on biological activity, the hydrazine triazole Schiff bases and their lanthanide complexes have been studies for in vitro antifungal activity against Fusariumoxysporum, CurvularialunataandColletotrichumfalcatum.
Mast cells and pathological process in lungs of rats and mice
Authors: JUODZIUKYNIENE NOMEDA , ANIULIENE ALBINA , SIUGZDAITE JURATE , ZYMANTIENE JUDITA , JUOZAITIENE VIDA , LASIENE KRISTINA , SOKOLOVAITE GABIJA
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the number of mast cells in healthy and affected lungs of mice and rats and determine histopathological differences of the inflammatory process in the lungs of rats and mice. The lungs of healthy and affected laboratory mice (n = 80) and rats (n = 80) were used for the studies. The histpathological examination of HE slides was performed. The number of mast cells in healthy and affected lungs of mice and rats was calcaluted in Giemsa stained slides. The number of connective tissue mast cells in healthy animals and in areas of lymphoid hyperplasia and bronchiectasis was significantly higher in rats than in mice. Interstitial pneumonia with bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis and atelectasis was more expressed in rats (P = 0.006-0.025) than in mice. Lymphoid tissue hyperplasia in the lungs of mice was found much more intense than in rats (P = 0.011). In affected laboratory mice and rats Mycoplasma pulmonis was identified. Interstitial pneumonia with bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis and atelectasis were more pronounced in rats. In our opinion, because healthy rats have more mast cells in the connective lung tissue and developed more severe pneumonia, they had a higher response of mast cells to the inflammatory process compared to mice. There was a more intense lymphocytic response in the lungs of mice.