bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Instability Induced by 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal in Beef Myoglobin
Authors: Viana Fernanda M. , Wang Yifei , Li Shuting , Conte-Junior Carlos A , Chen Jing , Zhu Haining , Suman Surendranath P
Published: March 2020

The secondary products of lipid oxidation, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), compromise myoglobin (Mb) redox stability and can thus impact thermal stability. Previous studies examined HNE-induced redox instability in beef Mb, whereas investigations are yet to be undertaken to evaluate the relationship between lipid oxidation and thermal stability of beef Mb. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the direct influence of HNE on thermal stability of beef Mb at meat conditions. Beef oxymyoglobin (0.15 mM) was incubated with HNE (1.0 mM) at pH 5.6 and 4°C for 21 d in the dark. Metmyoglobin formation, percentage Mb denaturation (PMD), and HNE adduction sites in Mb were examined on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. The experiment was replicated 3 times (n = 3). The data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure of SAS, and the differences among means were detected at the 5% level using the least significant difference test. The HNE-treated samples exhibited greater (P < 0.05) metmyoglobin formation and PMD than the controls. Additionally, the PMD difference between HNE-treated and control samples increased (P < 0.05) over time. Mass spectrometric analyses indicated that the number of HNE adduction sites increased with storage, and 6 histidines (positions 24, 36, 64, 93, 113, and 152) were adducted on day 21. HNE adduction at the distal histidine (position 64), which is critical to he me stability, was observed only on days 14 and 21. An increase in PMD on days 14 and 21 in HNE-treated samples could be partially due to the adduction at distal histidine. These findings indicated that HNE compromises thermal stability of beef Mb, possibly through altering the conformation of the heme protein by nucleophilic adduction.
A Natural Semantic Language Approach to Dawan Verb ‘To Take’
Authors: Sona Maria Gaudensiana , Budiarta I Wayan
Published: March 2020

This research investigates the study of Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) to the verb mait 'to take' of Dawan - East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Typically the study describes the semantic structure and the semantic role of the argument of the mait. I made use of Goddard’s theory of NSM (Goddard, 1997) in dealing with the verb analysis. Data were obtained from 5 Dawan native informants. Results of data analysis show that the verb of Dawan has a significant meaning in line with the concept of semantic of the verb mait "to take", oet "to cut", usik "to despoil", main " to pick up", kui "to waste", heut "to pick", so "to spoon", abakat "to rob", nakolo "to pilfer", mpoel "to throw", mbok "to pull", Nak Haen "dig", Muhabi "pinning", Huk "catch", and Iup "broken". The semantic structure based on the argument that fills the verb is if one "takes", the component mapping is "X does something on Y" and therefore this "Y moves through X" at the same time; X wants this; X does something like this.
Relations between USSR and the Democratic Republic of Congo at the Beginning of 1960s: Twists of History
Authors: Sidorova Galina Mikhailovna
Published: March 2020

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations with Congo on July 7, 1960, the ties between USSR and Africa have faced a big challenge. During the difficult years for Congo, after liberation from colonial dependence, the Soviet Union has always advocated the country’s territorial integrity and the internal problems diplomatic solution. However, the bloodshed in Congo could not be avoided. Despite the Soviet support of the legitimate Congo government headed by P. Lumumba, the Western countries, which did not want to lose their positions in resource-rich Congo have found a way to achieve a victory. A military coup led by Joseph-Desire Mobutu took place in the country and national leader Patrice Lumumba was killed in consequence of a murder plot. Moreover, Western countries have managed to use the UN headed by Dag Hammarskjöld for their own purposes, and it only aggravated the situation in the country. The purpose of the study is to reveal the key points of Soviet-African relations in the most difficult period for Congo - the beginning of 1960s. Basing on the documents of the Russian Foreign Ministry, the fundamental works of Russian and foreign Africanist historians, as well as the author’s own work experience in a number of African countries, the author focuses on the analyses of the Soviet Union efforts during the decolonization years, which aim was to stabilize the situation and establish the legitimate rule in the country. The author applies a systematic approach to study political institutions of power, the author also rely on the historical method to study the change of political formations, and an event analysis approach to summarize the information collected about the specific political situation. The author comes to the conclusion that today Africans cooperate only with those who supports their national interests, maintains the security or sovereignty, and comes to the rescue in case of humanitarian disasters and climatic cataclysms. In contrast to 1960s, Africa from a backward continent turned into a full-fledged player on the world arena, occupying important positions in the system of international relations. The voice of African leaders is heard from the UN General Assembly. In this regard, it is important to formulate new approaches and concepts of interaction with African states giving them if not priority, then at least not the last place in the foreign policy of Russia.
Afrocentricity as the Organizing Principle for African Renaissance. Interview with Prof. Molefi Kete Asante, Temple University (USA)
Authors: Smith Aaron X.
Published: March 2020

Professor Molefi Kete Asante is Professor and Chair of the Department of Africology at Temple University. Asante’s research has focused on the re-centering of African thinking and African people in narratives of historical experiences that provide opportunities for agency. As the most published African American scholars and one of the most prolific and influential writers in the African world, Asante is the leading theorist on Afrocentricity. His numerous works, over 85 books, and hundreds of articles, attest to his singular place in the discipline of African American Studies. His major works, An Afrocentric Manifesto [Asante 2007a], The History of Africa [Asante 2007b], The Afrocentric Idea [Asante 1998], The African Pyramids of Knowledge [Asante 2015], Erasing Racism: The Survival of the American Nation [Asante 2009], As I Run Toward Africa [Asante 2011], Facing South to Africa [Asante 2014], and Revolutionary Pedagogy [Asante 2017], have become rich sources for countless scholars to probe for both theory and content. His recent award as National Communication Association (NCA) Distinguished Scholar placed him in the elite company of the best thinkers in the field of communication. In African Studies he is usually cited as the major proponent of Afrocentricity which the NCA said in its announcing of his Distinguished Scholar award was “a spectacular achievement”. Molefi Kete Asante is interviewed because of his recognized position as the major proponent of Afrocentricity and the most consistent theorist in relationship to creating Africological pathways such as institutes, research centers, departments, journals, conference and workshop programs, and academic mentoring opportunities. Asante has mentored over 100 students, some of whom are among the principal administrators in the field of Africology. Asante is professor of Africology at Temple University and has taught at the University of California, State University of New York, Howard University, Purdue University, Florida State University, as well as held special appointments at the University of South Africa, Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, and Ibadan University in Nigeria.
Africa: «The Rainbow Period» and Unfulfilled Hopes. Interview with Apollon Davidson, Academician of RAS
Authors: Degterev D. A. , Yurtaev V. I.
Published: March 2020

Academician Apollon B. Davidson is an outstanding Soviet and Russian expert in African history, British Studies, also known as a specialist in Russian Silver Age literature. He is an author of more than 500 scientific papers, including 11 monographs, most of which are devoted to the new and recent history of the countries of Tropical and South Africa. Graduate of Leningrad State University (1953), Professor (1973), Doctor of Historical Sciences (1971), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2011). Under his leadership, at the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences a scientific school of African history based on archival documents was created. He prepared more than 30 candidates and doctors of sciences, among famous students - A. Balezin, S. Mazov, I. Filatova, G. Derlugyan. In 2001-2002 two volumes of documents “Russia and Africa” [Davidson 1999] were published under his editorship; the book “USSR and Africa” [Davidson, Mazov, Tsypkin 2002], in 2003 - the volume of documents “Comintern and Africa” [Davidson 2003]. In 2003, a two-volume edition of the documents “South Africa and the Communist International” [Davidson, Filatova, Gorodnov, Johns 2003] was published in London in English, and in 2005-2006 - the fundamental three-volume “History of Africa in Documents” [Davidson 2005-2006]. In 1988, he participated in the South African program at Yale University. In 1991, he lectured for several months at universities in South Africa and worked in the archives of this country. In 1992-1993 he worked at the Rhodes University, in 1994-1998 organized and chaired the Center for Russian Studies at the University of Cape Town. In 1981-1991 he visited Ethiopia, Angola, Lesotho, Botswana and several times - Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa. From 1977 to 1991 he participated in the Soviet-American Dartmouth conferences as an expert on Africa. In his interview he talks about the outcome of decolonization for southern Africa, the actual problems of the modern development of the continent, the role of China in Africa, and the Afro-Asianization of the world. Special attention is paid to the problems and prospects of the development of Soviet and Russian African studies and Russian-African relations.
Features of the Political Development of Africa in the Postcolonial Period
Authors: Kassaye Nigusie Wolde Mikhael , Ivkina Natalia Viktorovna
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the features of the formation and development of Africa in the postcolonial period. The authors study such fundamental issues as the formation of modern States in Africa, the formation of the ruling elite and its influence on the political and socio-economic system, the role of the army and ethnic conflicts in the process of state formation. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that Russian and foreign historical science has not yet formed a common opinion on how to assess the consequences of the colonial period for Africa. Pluralism of opinions, on the one hand, generates the discussion for research, on the other, introduces a destructive imbalance in the representation of the region. As a novelty of the study, it’s necessary to note the neo-patrimonial approach to studying the features of the postcolonial period in Africa. It identifies separate thematic blocks that help assess the impact of colonization on the development of countries on the continent. The article also considers the correlation between the traditional and westernized elements within African political culture. The borrowing of political institutions and statehood theories is also considered not only as a consequence of the colonial past, but also as the political choice of the first national leaders of Africa, in the framework of their aspiration to choose an effective development way and to find a balance between the tradition and modernization. The main purpose of the study is to assess the results of decolonization in the context of ethnic, military and political aspects of the formation of African States. The polemic nature of the principles of understanding the postcolonial period of African development has led to the need to use a functional approach as a methodological basis. This is due to the need to study the principles of functioning of the political system of the region, rather than individual states. The neo-patrimonialist approach also gave rise to the use of a comparative method to compare the main theoretical postulates with the real situation in Africa. A vast array of sources and literature in Russian and English is needed to reflect the multi-vector possibilities of research on African issues.
Denisova, T.S. (Eds.). (2018). Africa: Political Portraits. Moscow: IAfr RAN publ., 198 p. (In Russian)
Authors: Gavrilova Nina Germanovna
Published: March 2020

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Shanguhyia, M.S. & Falola, T. (Eds.). (2018). The Palgrave Handbook of African Colonial and Postcolonial History. Palgrave Macmillan, 1362 p
Authors: Kulkova Olga Sergeyevna
Published: March 2020

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Paris vs. Beijing: Confrontation on the African Continent
Authors: Philippov Vasiliy Rudolfovich
Published: March 2020

The subject of this study is the competitive relations in the political and economic spheres that have developed on the African continent in the 21st century between the French Republic and the People’s Republic of China. The author focuses on the main conflict-generating factors that caused the latent confrontation between the two countries that arose in the face of a changing geopolitical situation in the world in general and in Africa in particular. The methodological basis of this study is the comparative historical method; the work is based on the principles of historicism, reliability and scientific objectivity. Using the method of historical reconstruction allowed the author to trace the dynamics of relations between France and China over the past two decades. The work is based on the study of factual historical material, a chronicle of the events of the last decade; analytical materials published on the pages of French and Russian mass media were used. The author concludes that the basis of the conflict between Paris and Beijing lies in the desire of the Champs Elysees not only to preserve the political, economic and military-strategic preferences of France in the countries that were formerly colonies of the French Empire, but also to protect French interests in the English-speaking countries of East Africa. The rapid growth of China’s influence on the African continent, the ever more obvious expansion of the Heavenly Empire into the economies of African countries, forces France to change the paradigm of its foreign policy. If the predecessors of E. Macron, denying in words the policy of “Françafrique”, relied on the use of military force and covert operations of the French security services then the current head of the Fifth Republic in his relations with African countries prefers to use his resources on “soft power” politics. The experience gained by E. Macron during his first (not very successful) African tour in 2017 prompted him to change the tone of communication with the leaders of African countries from patronically arrogant to friendly and trusting.
David E. Nye's 'Electrifying America: Social Meanings of a New Technology'
Authors: Kragh Helge
Published: March 2020

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Michael Berry, George Maude and Jerry Schuchalter's 'Frontiers of American Political Experience'
Authors: Thorsen Niels
Published: March 2020

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Journeys in Evangelical America
Authors: Bjerre-Poulsen Niels
Published: March 2020

- Nancy T- Ammerman's 'Bible Believers: Fundamentalists in the Modern World'

- James Davison Hunter's 'Evangelicalism: The Coming Generation'

- Randall Balmer's 'Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory: A Journey Into the Evangelical Subculture in America'

- Michael D'Antonio's 'Fall From Grace: The Failed Crusade of the Christian Right'
The Nynorsk Language in the United States
Authors: Sunde Arne
Published: March 2020

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Linda Hamalian's 'A Life of Kenneth Rexroth' and Lee Bartlett's 'Kenneth Rexroth and James Laughlin: Selected Letters'
Authors: Shackleton Marck
Published: March 2020

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Authority in Fenimore Cooper's 'The Pathfinder'
Authors: Mitchell Dornhnall
Published: March 2020

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From Antigone to Another World: Soap Opera as Dramatic Text
Authors: Nissen Axel
Published: March 2020

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Mike Featherstone's 'Consumer Culture and Postmodernism'
Authors: Clark Bill
Published: March 2020

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Donald S. MacQueen's 'American Social Studies. A University Primer'
Authors: Nielsen Birgitte
Published: March 2020

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Michael Denning's 'The Cultural Front: The Laboring of American Culture in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Stromgren Ole
Published: March 2020

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Chlorophyll fluorescence and biomass partitioning within light and nitrogen deficiency: An example of the use of the R programming language for teaching
Authors: Pérez-Molina Junior Pastor , Castro Lara Raquel , Portuguez Brenes Ian , Araya Trejos Valerie , Quesada Traña Andrey
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Chlorophyll Fluorescence (Fv/Fm) detects damage in photosystem II (PSII) in plants exposed to stress (biotic and/or abiotic). Objective: In this context, Fv/Fm for the diagnosis of the effect of N deficiency and light in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) was evaluated. Methods: We used the software R to analyze data from an experiment consisted of two light treatments (high and low) and two Hoagland nutritive solutions (N deficiency: (-)N; and complete solution: C). Twenty tomato plants within the two light treatments, with two nutrient levels ((-)N and C) were used. For four weeks, weekly measurements for height (H), leaf number (NL), and Fv/Fm were made. On the fourth week, the dry mass partitioning (root: RMR; stem: SMR; and leaves: LMR) and chlorophyll concentration (a, b, a/b, and total) was measured. Results: We found statistically significant differences between treatments for H, NL and Fv/Fm (KW> 14,5, g.l.= 3,76, P<0,01), but no differences for chlorophyll concentration (F<2,2; g.l.=1, 16, P>0,05). In both light conditions it was higher LMR in C treatment, but with lower RMR compared to (-)N. Statistically significant correlations (% Spearman, P<0,05) between Fv/Fm and LMR, RMR, and SMR (-76%, 69%, and 37%, respectively) were found. Conclusion: Overall, we can emphasize that the Fv/Fm is a sensitive variable to the stress caused by nitrogen and light deficiency, whose progress of stress time-course can assess. Finally, Fv/Fm proved to be an indicator of the dry mass partition of stress induced by N deficiency and could be implemented as diagnostic in breeding programs.
AS EXPERIÊNCIAS INICIAIS DE ORGANIZAÇÃO POLÍTICO-SINDICAL DO NOVO OPERARIADO BRASILEIRO: O CASO DOS OPERÁRIOS CALÇADISTAS NO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Authors: Ferraz Cristiano Lima
Published: March 2020

O artigo trata das experiencias iniciais de organização político-sindical de um segmento do novo operariado brasileiro no Sudoeste da Bahia, entre 1998 e 2011. Analisa o processo de constituição de tais ações político- organizativas, seus impasses e resultados durante o período delimitado.
TROPICALISMO E BARBÁRIE: RESISTÊNCIA CULTURAL E DITADURA MILITAR NO BRASIL DOS ANOS 1960
Authors: Oliveira Orlando Jose Ribeiro de
Published: March 2020

A partir dos índices do clima repressivo político-policial no Brasil do final dos anos 1960, enunciados nas letras das canções tropicalistas, identifica-se e analisa-se o caráter engajado-insurrecional do discurso musical produzido pelo chamado Grupo Baiano como mecanismo de enfrentamento político e de resistência cultural à barbárie institucionalizada com a consolidação do projeto de modernização autoritária-conservadora da ditadura militar instalada com o golpe de abril de 1964. Destoando do padrão formal do alinhamento dogmático entre arte e política, expresso na temática nacional-popular da canção engajada do período, o Grupo Baiano mediante a intervenção tropicalista, incorporou o imaginário internacional da juventude - rock n’roll (Beatles, Jimi Hendrix, Bob Dylan), drogas, liberdade sexual e rebeldia - à canção urbana, tematizou aspectos da sociedade de consumo (a dimensão mercadológica da música popular) e valorizou a diversidade musical/rítmica brasileira, numa atitude devoradora que retomava o radicalismo da vanguarda antropofágica do Modernismo de 1928.
1984: O FUTURO DISTÓPICO ENTRE NÓS
Authors: De Oliveira Valdineide Jesus , Meira Larissa Lopes , Magalhães Sigrid Rochele Gusmão Paranhos
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar algumas reflexões provenientes da análise do livro, 1984, de George Orwell, no intuito de poder comparar o romance com a atual sociedade brasileira, bem como compreender os diversos sujeitos na contemporaneidade e suas relações via mídias e redes sociais nesse contexto de globalização. Para tanto, este estudo está ancorado em teorias filosóficas, literárias e sociais, sob a perspectiva de teóricos como Arendt (2012), Bauman (2001), Foucault (2009), Sousa Santos (2005), entre outros. A metodologia adotada pauta-se numa abordagem qualitativa, de cunho bibliográfico, num processo comparativo, interpretativo e reflexivo. Constata-se que o livro apresenta traços atemporais ao contexto sócio-histórico em que foi produzido e ajusta-se como um alerta para as sociedades capitalistas. O enredo permeia por variados aspectos, que interligam fatos políticos, econômicos e tecnológicos, trazendo em sua abordagem um possível futuro em que a maioria dos sujeitos deverão abdicar de sua liberdade, em detrimento de um regime totalitário. Por fim, conclui-se que Orwell, em 1984, teve uma grande contribuição ao prever, através de seu romance, uma sociedade pautada pelo poder de uma minoria hegemônica que explora as mais diversas camadas sociais, de forma hierarquizada e politicamente situada, não muito diferente da sombria realidade desse país chamado Brasil.

iferente da sombria realidade desse país chamado Brasil.
PERCEPÇÕES E REAÇÕES DE PROFESSORES E ALUNOS FRENTE ÀS EMOÇÕES NA AULA DE MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Silva Jose Eduardo Rocha , Gusmão Tânia Cristina Rocha Silva , Doria Mariluce Cidade França
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo objetiva investigar as percepções e reações de professores e alunos frente às emoções na aula de matemática, bem como fazer o confronto de suas percepções e reações. Participaram desta pesquisa nove professores de matemática do ensino fundamental e médio e seus respectivos alunos de três escolas particulares e uma pública do município de Vitória da Conquista – Bahia, Brasil. Dentro de uma abordagem qualitativa os dados foram analisados à luz do referencial teórico sobre emoções. Professores e alunos não somente revelaram suas percepções e reações, como também, o que provocaram as emoções e quais foram as mais facilmente reconhecidas.
LA VISIÓN DEL CONCEPTO DE FEMICIDIO EN EL PROFESORADO DE MATEMÁTICA. UN ESTUDIO DE CASO
Authors: Vigo Verónica Molfino , Ochoviet Cristina , Pagés Daniela
Published: March 2020

Neste trabalho analisamos uma sequência de ensinamento para a formação de professores, que aborda o conceito de feminicídio e que foi desenhada desde a perspectiva do ensino de matemática para a justiça social por parte de uma professora de matemática, cursando pós-graduação. O trabalho da docente revela a maneira que entende o feminicídio e discutimos sua visão, confrontado com a figura jurídica deste conceito, estabelecida em Uruguai pela Lei atos de discriminação e feminicídio. O estudo realizado oferece evidência de que a professora parecia confundir homicídio feminino com feminicídio e que essa visão se vê refletida na sequência do ensino. Isso poderia levar os destinatários da sequência, futuros professores de matemática, a formação de uma visão errônea desta figura social e jurídica.
INFÂNCIA QUILOMBOLA E O PROCESSO DE (IN)VISIBILIDADE: REFLEXÕES NECESSÁRIAS!
Authors: Silva Ana Cristina Dos Santos
Published: March 2020

ResenhaMATOS, W. S. de; Benedito E. Etnicidades e Infâncias Quilombolas. Curitiba: Editora CRV, 2019. 98 p.
Metallurgical defect behavior, microstructure evolution, and underlying thermal mechanisms of metallic parts fabricated by selective laser melting additive manufacturing
Authors: Zhao Minghuang , Duan Chenghong , Luo Xiangpeng
Published: March 2020

In this study, the effects of laser volumetric energy density (η) on the metallurgical defect behavior and microstructure evolution of H13 die steel fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing are systematically studied, and underlying thermal mechanisms are revealed. The results indicate that the metallurgical defect behavior is significantly affected by the applied η, which is controlled by laser power P and scanning speed v. With increasing P or decreasing v, η increases, the metallurgical defects such as pores and poor fusion initially decrease and then increase, and the density initially increases and then decreases. The typical microstructures induced by SLM are columnar dendrites and equiaxed dendrites. Their growth direction, distribution, and size at different positions in the molten pool are quite different. The size of the columnar crystals with directional full growth is highly correlated with the applied η. As the applied η increases, the length and diameter of the columnar crystals increase, but grains with nonuniform distribution are obtained under a higher η of 122.22 J mm−3. Under the optimized η of 111.11 J mm−3 (P = 200 W, v = 1000 mm/s), the H13 die steel samples fabricated by SLM are near-fully dense and have almost no metallurgical defects (the density reaches 99.13%), and the dense columnar crystals with uniform distribution are obtained. This study may provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the design and optimization of SLM processing parameters and the reliable fabrication of SLM-processed parts with controlled defects and microstructures.
Marketing Channels
Authors: Fill Chris , McKee Scot
Published: March 2020

This chapter is the first of three that examine issues concerning marketing channels and the intermediaries that populate them. In this, attention is focused on understanding the principles and core concepts associated with marketing channels. In particular, consideration is given to their purpose, basic structure and key intermediaries, their characteristics and contribution to the way in which channels work. This chapter provides foundation material in order to explore some of the more advanced ideas about channel structure, design, interaction and networks that follow in Chapter 7. The last of the three, Chapter 8, examines the way in which behaviour within marketing channels can be managed.
Strategy Segmentation, Positioning and Pricing
Authors: Fill Chris , McKee Scot
Published: March 2020

This chapter considers some of the elements that have strategic significance, namely segmentation, positioning and pricing. Segmentation is presented as a less than perfect form of marketing management, as consideration is given to some of the problems associated with choosing between segments and implementing the whole segmentation, targeting and positioning process successfully. In particular, the barriers to segmentation are examined. The following section examines how businesses should determine particular positioning strategies. Just as optimal target markets should be derived in the light of customer needs and seller resources and strategies, so positioning needs to take into account the requirements of all parties to a marketing relationship. The chapter concludes with a consideration of pricing issues in business markets.
An Introduction to Business Marketing
Authors: Fill Chris , McKee Scot
Published: March 2020

This chapter explores some of the principal characteristics used to define business markets and marketing. It establishes the key elements of business-to-business (B2B) marketing and makes comparisons with the better-known business-to-consumer (B2C) sector. This leads to a consideration of appropriate definitions, parameters and direction for the book. After setting out the main types of organisations that operate in the B2B sector and categorising the goods and services that they buy or sell, the chapter introduces ideas about the business marketing mix, perceived value, supply chains, interorganisational relationships and relationship marketing. This opening chapter lays down the vital foundations and key principles which are subsequently developed in the book.
Organisational Buying Behaviour
Authors: Fill Chris , McKee Scot
Published: March 2020

This chapter introduces traditional views about organisational buying behaviour, before progressing to consider the importance of relationships and the contribution that systems and technology have made to this aspect of business marketing. The chapter starts with a comparison of the main characteristics associated with both consumer and organisational purchasing behaviour. Then, following an examination of the decision making unit and the decision making processes generally assumed to be adopted by organisations, the focus moves to reflect upon the different influences that can impact on an organisation’s purchasing activities. The last section looks at the nature of uncertainty and the way in which organisations attempt to reduce buyer-perceived risk. It ends by examining how relationships between buyers and sellers can evolve and affect the purchasing behaviour of organisations.
Resistencias cotidianas a las políticas de rendición de cuentas o accountability: un estudio de casos de dos educadoras diferenciales en Chile
Authors: Inostroza Fabián
Published: March 2020

En Chile, la inclusión escolar es un ideal que se encuentra en jaque. En las últimas décadas, las políticas de rendición de cuentas o accountability se han legitimado como el discurso predominante en las escuelas. Estas instituciones escolares han priorizado la estandarización de los procesos educativos y la demostración de resultados por medio de evaluaciones como el Sistema de Medición de la Calidad de la Educación (Simce). La presente investigación, desde una perspectiva analítica foucaultiana, busca conocer las tácticas de resistencia que despliegan las educadoras diferenciales, actores encargados de la implementación de la inclusión, ante los mandatos de rendición de cuentas en la cotidianeidad. Por medio de un estudio de casos con enfoque etnográfico, en el que se realizaron entrevistas y observaciones participantes a dos educadoras diferenciales, se logra dar cuenta de la producción de tácticas colectivas e individuales para resistir a los procesos de estandarización de la enseñanza y de derivación de estudiantes con dificultades de aprendizaje a escuelas de educación especial, prácticas que resultan ser contrarias a la identidad y ética de estas docentes.
HUBUNGAN ARGUMENTASI ILMIAH DAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF PADA PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)
Authors: Sarira Paskariatama Marannu , Priyayi Desy Fajar , Astuti Susanti Puji
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan danmengetahui hubungan kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah dan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI pada materi jaringan tumbuhan melalui penerapan model Problem Based Learning (PBL).  Penelitian dilakukan di SMA Laboratorium Satya Wacana Salatiga dengan subyek penelitian siswa kelas XI MIPA 3 sebanyak 20 orang. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis melalui uji korelasi Spearman rho dengan bantuan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah siswa kelas XI termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik (24%), baik (19%), cukup (48%) dan kurang (10%) dengan pencapaian nilai masing-masing indikator secara berurutan dari tinggi ke rendah adalah rebuttal, claim, data dan warrant. Sedangkan rata-rata pencapaian hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada masing-masing indikator adalah: 1) mengingat (C1) sebesar 90,48; memahami (C2) sebesar 98,41; mengaplikasikan (C3) sebesar 88,10;  menganalisis (C4) sebesar 94,05;  mengevaluasi (C5) 71,43; dan mencipta(C6) sebesar 60,32 dengan nilai rata-rata keseluruhan sebesar 84,91. Lalu terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah dan hasil belajar kognitif (nilai signifikansi 0,00<0,05) dengan koofisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0, 786 menunjukkan adanya arah hubungan yang positif dan kuat.
Aihemallinnus hybridin mediatapahtuman ja merkitysten kierron tutkimuksessa
Authors: Toivanen Pihla , Huhtamäki Jukka , Valaskivi Katja , Tikka Minttu
Published: March 2020

Laskennallisten menetelmien käyttö viestintätieteissä on viime vuosina herättänyt kasvavaa kiinnostusta. Menetelmien soveltaminen vaatii kuitenkin sekä osaamista että materiaalisia resursseja, kuten palvelimia ohjelmien suorittamiseen. Tarkastelemme tässä artikkelissa Twitter-aineiston laskennallista keruuta sekä erityisesti sen analyysiä erään ohjaamattoman koneoppimismenetelmän, aihemallinnuksen avulla. Keräsimme artikkelin empiirisen aineiston maaliskuussa 2019 twiiteistä, jotka liittyivät Uuden-Seelannin Christchurchissa moskeijoihin suunnattuihin terrori-iskuihin. Tarkastelemme tässä artikkelissa, mitä ohjaamaton koneoppiminen voi antaa hybridin mediatapahtuman monimenetelmälliselle tutkimukselle, jossa mediaetnografinen tutkimusote on lähtökohta. Toteutimme empiiriselle aineistollemme aihemallinnuksen sen yleisten vaiheiden eli aineiston esikäsittelyn, mallinnuksen sekä tulosten tulkinnan mukaisesti. Aihemallinnuksen avulla tunnistimme 15 Christchurch -aineistosta nousevaa aihetta 148 816 twiitistä. Aihemallinnus tarjosi tavan tiivistää suurta aineistoa ja lähtökohtia tutkimuksen seuraavalle, laadulliselle vaiheelle. Käsittelemme artikkelissa aihemallinnuksen lisäksi myös laskennallisten menetelmien käyttöön sekä aineistonkeruuseen liittyviä rajoitteita.
Kuulumisen tasoja ja tasanteita: Läheisyyden luomisen reittejä suomen- ja ruotsinkielisessä aikakausmediassa
Authors: Kivikuru Ullamaija
Published: March 2020

Artikkeli tarkastelee kuulumisen käsitteen kautta kolmea aikakauslehti­paria, joista kussakin on ruotsin­ ja suomenkielinen lehti. Lehtiparit koh­dentuvat samoihin aihepiireihin, kulttuuriin ja yhteiskuntaan, talouteen sekä feminismiin. Tarkoituksena on saada selville laadullisen analyysin kautta, onko ruotsinkielisissä lehdissä vahvempaa kannustusta kuulumi­seen. Tulosten perusteella näyttää siltä, että ruotsinkielinen kulttuurilehti Nya Argus luo selkeästi kotipesää tunnepohjaisen, elitistisen raportoinnin kautta, kun taas talouslehti Forum ja feministinen Astra pitävät ehdotto­masti aihepiiriä tärkeämpänä kuin ruotsinkieliseen vähemmistöön kuulumista. Analyysissä kuulumista tarkastellaan kahdesta eri näkökulmasta, ’kotona olemisena’ tai kuulumisen politiikkana, muutoksena. Muutoskan­nustusta ei tutkituissa välineissä juurikaan havaittu.
Competence, Work Culture and Performance of Honorary Teachers in Makassar Elementary School
Authors: Nurbaya Sitti , Rasulong Ismail , R Muh. Nur.
Published: March 2020

We will exploration in explaining the contribution of competence to work culture; contribution of competence to teacher performance; the contribution of work culture to teacher performance; the contribution of competence through work culture to the work performance of Honorary Teachers In Makassar Elementary School is very important to do in determining the attitudes and policies of the city government towards Honorary Teachers In Makassar City. The study was conducted at Makassar Elementary School with a population of Honorary Teachers who have a Decree of limited time employment contract in 8 sub-districts in Makassar City, totaling 1,495 teachers. The total sample obtained was 317 teachers using the Slovin formula. The research hypothesis was tested using the Structural Equation Model through the help of AMOS vers. 20.0 programs. The results of the study provide evidence that the competencies possessed are proven to directly improve the work culture of honorary teachers. High competence is proven to directly be able to improve the performance of honorary teachers to a high level. Work culture directly has a significant positive effect on the performance of honorary teachers. Competence through work culture is indirectly proven to increase the work performance of Honorary Teachers in Makassar Elementary School to a higher level.
Including Stakeholders When Implementing New Technologies
Authors: Larson Ronald
Published: March 2020

Objective: Technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) offer many benefits to health care providers and may raise stakeholder concerns. This study reviews a new technology from another industry, summarizes previous research on medical applications of RFID, and analyses survey responses on RFID applications. The goal is to develop principles for evaluating and implementing new technologies.

Design: Marketing and stakeholder theories were used to develop lessons from the case study and from prior research. A survey was mailed to adults in four Midwestern states in the US.

Main Outcome Measures: Respondent support ratings for two medical and two non-medical applications of RFID were analysed using principal component analysis and binary logistic regressions. Profiles of those supporting the applications were developed.

Results: The case study highlighted the importance of considering the needs and concerns of all stakeholders. Previous studies suggested that many hospital administrators who examined RFID may not have included some stakeholders. This research found that support for RFID varied across respondents and across applications. Anxiety about technology was negatively linked with RFID support. Religiosity also had negative coefficients for some applications.

Conclusions: Administrators considering new technologies need to consider patient privacy needs and stakeholder concerns. Surveying stakeholders and utilizing advisory boards could help administrators tailor their actions to the communities they serve. A few opponents to a technology can limit its adoption. Regular, two-way communications may help health care organizations improve technology decisions and enhance the odds of implementation success.
Servicescapes in Healthcare: A qualitative study on the elderly’s perception of an aged care facility
Authors: Pham Ngoc Cindy , Pham Huan Henry , Hossain Tofazzal , Li Yuanqing
Published: March 2020

Objective: The paper aims to understand how the elderly perceive the healthcare services of their aged care facilities. This paper explores different dimensions of servicescape elements, which ultimately affect the development of healthcare services.  

Design: Both naturalistic observations and in-depth interviews were conducted to discover the perceptions servicesape elements.

Results: The authors discovered that servicescape elements rely not only on physical, social and socially symbolic dimensions but also on cultural dimensions.

Conclusions: This study uses the elderly home context in City of Harlingen, Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA, and finds support to Rosenbaum and Massiah [1]’s multidimensional model and suggests improvements in servicescape elements. We found that factors such as ambience, signage, layout, and socially symbolic structure at the aged care facility, were highly appreciated by the elder residents. Other factors such as privacy, quiet environment, and social interactions among patients via group activities require improvements and further attention. Findings of the study can be generalized in other similar social contexts, particularly in improving Asia Pacific region’s healthcare services.
Use of Quality Management Tools and Methods Is Essential to Support Effective Governance of Healthcare Organisations
Authors: Arya Dinesh
Published: March 2020

For healthcare organisations, a significant governance responsibility is for quality of health care provision. This is an important reason for governance boards to have good understanding of quality management and patient safety systems and processes that guide provision of all aspects of healthcare.

It is also important that there is structure to how governance activities are undertaken. Use of quality management tools and methods can provide that structure and support systematic and consistent governance decision making. Using quality management systems and frameworks should be a pre-requisite for effective governance.
Hanzi Write It Right
Authors: Ling Ting Hie , Chin Ch'ng Looi , Ibrahim Norizuandi , Engkamat Adeline
Published: March 2020

Learning a logograph writing system like Mandarin requires a completely different set of metalinguistic knowledge than learning English and Malay languages which share the same writing system, alphabetical writing system. Mandarin writing system does not allow deconstruction of letters to form different syllabus or phonemes like in English and Malay. In Mandarin, a simple change of a stroke in a word might change the word and its meaning entirely. Thus, learning to write Mandarin correctly could be the toughest task in Mandarin learning especially non-native learners. To ease this problem, Hanzi Write It Right provides a simple and fun self-directed learning digital platform to allow learners to practice Mandarin stroke writing. Feedback given in the app enables learners to make complicated strokes writing learning to become an easy and more comprehensive experience. Apart from enhancing their accuracy in stroke writing, it also increases their vocabulary knowledge which is crucial in Mandarin learning.
A Study on Learners’ Readiness and Perceptions of the Implementation of Blended Learning in UiTM Kedah
Authors: Harun Robekhah , Harun Zetty Harisha , Dass Laura Christ
Published: March 2020

The increase in student enrolment and the need  to cater to students of diverse backgrounds have led to the adoption of blended learning in many higher learning institutions. Blended learning, which allows both face to face interaction and on-line delivery, has been adopted into many curricula. One such institution is University Technology MARA which is slowly introducing features of blended learning in its course syllabus beginning with practice to online assessments. However, to ensure successful implementation of blended learning as part of the curricula, there are several aspects for consideration such as learner and teacher readiness for blended learning. This paper examines issues regarding the use of blended learning as a delivery method at UiTM Kedah . The discussion in this paper focuses on learner’ readiness and perceptions of the blended learning environment. The data collected for this study are responses from learners to a questionnaire survey. The research findings form the basis for recommendations for the development of learning and teaching practices using blended learning approaches to enhance learners' learning experiences.
Encouraging Class Discussion and Promoting Learning Performance through Facebook
Authors: Abdul Malik Norasyikin , Megat Abdul Rahim Puteri Rohani
Published: March 2020

English language is undeniably significant in this globalization era. Thus, there is an urgent need among the second language educators to find ways to assist L2 learners in using the target language. However, research has shown that majority of L2 learners are not confident in using the language. As a result they seldom take part and are passive during class discussion. The aim of this study is to find an avenue to promote student’s self-confidence in using the language and directly lessen the language apprehension that makes them to be passive in classroom. This study focuses on the use of Facebook to boost L2 learners’ confidence to participate in class discussion. Three classes of diploma students were randomly selected for this study. Data from observation, pre-test and post-test were employed for this study. Observation of students’ participation and discussion in the Facebook groups and also classroom setting was conducted. The students were assigned reading materials via Facebook and were requested to interpret and share their thoughts of the text in the medium provided apart from the usual discussion in classroom context. The findings showed that both intervention groups showed positive involvement in class discussion both via cyberspace and classroom context. The respondents in the control groups did not show significant changes of behaviour in classroom context. However, for the intervention groups despite receiving the same stimulus the students in the two intervention groups responded differently through this medium.  The findings illustrated there were regression in the post-test during the first intervention, while in the second intervention group there was a positive growth in the post-test where 71% respondents recorded a a change in the attitude during the process of learning. The result showed that there are other factors to consider when employing Facebook as a tool to interact. Nevertheless, the study brings to light the prospective of using Facebook in building students’ confidence in expressing thoughts and consequently improves their performance.
PENGARUH STRATEGIC ORIENTATION, GOVERNMENT REGULATION TERHADAP GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT DAN ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Rakhmawati Antin , Rahardjo Kusdi , Kusumawati Andriani , Nizar Muhammad
Published: March 2020

This study examines and explains the relationship of income factor variables from the application of the green supply chain management concept, namely the strategic orientation and government regulation, and further effect on. The object of this research is small and medium enterprises which are associated with the traditional semi-modern greengrocery market in Malang Regency. This study uses census sample method by involving all the owners of traditional semi-modern greengrocery market. The results of this study indicate that, firstly, strategic orientation and government regulation have a significant positive impact on green supply chain management, secondly, green supply chain management has a significant positive effect on environmental performance, thirdly, strategic orientations and government regulation have a significant positive impact on environmental performance through green supply chain management.Penelitian ini menguji dan menjelaskan hubungan variabel yang menjadi faktor income dari penerapan konsep green supply chain management , yaitu strategic orientation dan government regulation, yang kemudian membentuk environmental performance. Objek penelitian ini adalah usaha kecil menengah yang terasosiasi pada pasar sayur tradisional-semi modern Kabupaten Malang. penelitian ini menggunakan metode sampel jenuh dengan melibatkan seluruh pemilik UKM pasar sayur tradisional- semi modern. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa; pertama strategic orientation berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap green supply chain management, kedua goverment regulation berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap green supply chain management, ketiga green supply chain management berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap environmental performance, keempat strategic orientation berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap environmental performance melalui green supply chain management, dan yang kelima government regulation berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap environmental performance melalui green supply chain management.