bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiation Recall Dermatitis in Breast Cancer Patient after Trastuzumab: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Vadgaonkar Rohit Avinash , Ventrapati Pradeep , Mehta Ankita , Dutta Anupurva
Published: May 2023

Radiation recall dermatitis (RRD) is an extremely rare phenomenon. A variety of factors such as antineoplastic agents, pharmaceutical agents, physical and environmental factors have been proposed to be the underlying cause of RRD. Only a handful cases have been reported till date, where trastuzumab is sought to be the triggering agent. The presentation of RRD varies from mild erythematous to extensive confluent dermatitis, resolving over a period of 1 to 2 weeks with conservative management. Most of the patients tend to tolerate rechallenge well without showing reappearance. We hereby describe a lady with breast cancer having RRD following administration of trastuzumab. She developed reaction 28 days post-radiotherapy and managed conservatively. Furthermore, she was rechallenged with the same dose, that she tolerated very well, without any reappearance. Hence, an acquaintance of the clinicians to this rare entity is essential for timely diagnosis and appropriate management.
Sorafenib-Induced Spiny Follicular Hyperkeratosis: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Shajil Chandana , Sathishkumar Dharshini , Boddu Deepthi , Telugu Ramesh Babu
Published: May 2023

Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor used in the treatment of various solid tumors. Mucocutaneous adverse events are experienced by 70 to 90% of the patients receiving sorafenib, underscoring the importance of awareness among oncologists and dermatologists. Spiny follicular hyperkeratosis (SFH) is a benign and rarely reported skin reaction linked to sorafenib. It is characterized by flesh-colored or white, follicular hyperkeratotic spicules, preferentially involving the face, scalp, upper trunk, and upper arms. Besides being acknowledged as a paraneoplastic cutaneous manifestation of multiple myeloma, SFH has also been linked to a few diseases and drugs, other than sorafenib. However, the precise etiopathogenesis remains to be elucidated. We report an interesting case of SFH in a 14-year-old child, 1 week following the initiation of sorafenib. Trichodysplasia spinulosa, multiple minute digitate hyperkeratosis, keratosis pilaris, filiform warts, and pityriasis rubra pilaris are morphologically similar conditions that were excluded by clinicopathological correlation. A complete resolution of skin rash following sorafenib dose reduction further reinforced our diagnosis. Our patient also developed hand-foot skin reaction, facial erythema, and eruptive nevi during treatment. The regrowth of curly hair following chemotherapy-induced anagen effluvium was an interesting development in our case. We report this case to familiarize clinicians with this rare entity.
Performance Evaluation of an Improved HBsAg Assay (HBsAg NEXT) for the Detection of HBsAg Levels
Authors: Gupta Ekta , Bhugra Arjun , Samal Jasmine , Khodare Arvind , Singh Keshaw , Rastogi Aayushi , Sharma Manoj Kumar
Published: May 2023

Objectives Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) plays an important role in the screening and diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. There is a need of highly sensitive assays with an improved lower limit of detection (LoD). Here, we evaluate the performance characteristics of the HBsAg NEXT (HBsAg new) assay in the detection of HBsAg in clinical samples.

Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care liver center in North India. The study included 439 clinical samples. The HBsAg new assay was compared to the conventional chemiluminescence-based assay (HBsAg old assay, Architect, Abbott Diagnostics, United States). The analytical sensitivity of the HBsAg new assay was evaluated by checking its performance with the second World Health Organization (WHO) international standards for HBsAg.

Results Out of 439 blood samples that were retrieved from the departmental repository stored at –80°C, 100 samples were positive and 339 samples were negative for HBsAg as per the HBsAg old assay. The HBsAg new assay showed incremental detection of HBsAg in 11 additional samples. Out of these, 5 samples were confirmed as occult HBV infection and the remaining 6 were classified as “exposed-to-virus” samples (HBV core total antibody-positive). The HBsAg new assay demonstrated a high positive significant correlation with the HBsAg old assay (r = 0.881, p-value < 0.001). The HBsAg new assay could effectively detect the second WHO international standards to the level of 0.0033 IU/mL.

Conclusion The HBsAg NEXT assay is a highly sensitive assay with an improved lower LoD.
Hemostatic Profile and Serological Response of Patients with Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura after Receiving BNT162b2 Vaccine: A Prospective Study
Authors: Schieppati Francesca , Russo Laura , Gamba Sara , Galimberti Elisa , Giaccherini Cinzia , Tartari Carmen J. , Bolognini Silvia , Verzeroli Cristina , Ticozzi Chiara , Barcella Luca , Marchetti Marina , Falanga Anna
Published: May 2023

Introduction Coronavirus disease is a clinical challenge for patients with autoimmune conditions. Patients affected by immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) are particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Protecting these patients with vaccination is therefore mandatory, although concerns may exist on a possible increased thrombotic risk or risk of disease relapse after vaccine exposure. So far, there is no information on serological response and hemostatic activation in iTTP patients after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Materials and Methods In this study, in April 2021, we enrolled iTTP patients in clinical remission and on regular outpatient follow-up to receive the first and second dose BNT162b2 vaccine as a part of a prospective trial aimed at monitoring for 6 months after vaccination the occurrence of subclinical laboratory signs of clotting activation, as well as overt thrombotic complications or disease relapse. The seroconversion response was monitored in parallel. The results were compared with those of control non-iTTP subjects.

Results A moderate decrease of ADAMTS-13 activity was recorded at 3 and 6 months in five patients with normal values at baseline, while an ADAMTS-13 relapse occurred at 6 months in one patient. Abnormalities in the endothelium activation biomarkers postvaccination were observed in iTTP patients compared with controls. The immunological response to vaccine was overall positive. No clinical iTTP relapses or thrombotic events manifested in the 6 month-follow-up after vaccination.

Conclusion The results of this study are in favor of efficacy and safety of mRNA vaccines in patients with iTTP, and highlight the importance of long-term monitoring of iTTP patients.
Nudge or not, university teachers have mixed feelings about online teaching
Authors: Banerjee Sanchayan , Jambrina-Canseco Beatriz , Brundu-Gonzalez Benjamin , Gordon Claire , Carr Jenni
Published: May 2023

We designed and administered an online survey experiment to 444 educators in a large social sciences university in the United Kingdom to evaluate their perceptions on the effectiveness of online teaching methods. We find that a nudge, designed to inform educators about the benefits of online teaching, does not improve the personal evaluations of educators in our sample (ntreat = 142, ncontrol = 142) about this new mode of teaching. Overall, most respondents in our sample report being comfortable with online teaching methods and think this form of teaching can continue to have some positive impact. Nonetheless, they do not favour any further online transition away from traditional modes of teaching. Online teaching is largely perceived by a majority of these educators to negatively affect student well-being and their overall university experience. We call for more experimental research in higher educational settings to evaluate the role of edunudges in improving the uptake of online teaching tools.
Populist student organizations in Indonesia: an analysis of anti-establishment ideas
Authors: Amin Muryanto , Ritonga Alwi Dahlan
Published: May 2023

Experts argue that Indonesia is being affected by a wave of populism, with the most prominent form being right-wing populism pushed by Islamic groups. However, despite the research on populism in Indonesia, the issue of populism and students has not been fully explored by scholars. Students have been impactful in several phases of change in Indonesia’s political history. This article argues that populist movements—specifically Islamic populism—exist and develop in on campuses. This paper aims to explain both the model and the reality of populism among Islamic students in Indonesia and determine which is more populist. This article explores this phenomenon by studying two Islamic student organizations in Indonesia, the Muslim Student Association (Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam; HMI) and GEMA Liberation (GEMAPembebasan). We chose these two organizations because of their existence and age. This research used an ideational approach with a qualitative analysis framework. The data collected consisted of primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through an interview process with 24 key informants, consisting of central-level administrators, alumni, and members of each organization. Secondary data was obtained from various media reports and official organizational documents. This research found two populist organizational models among Islamic students, represented by HMI and GEMA Liberation. Analysis of the two cases shows that HMI’s populism appears more moderate or thin than that of GEMA Liberation, which is much stronger and more assertive. The determination of which organization is more populist is based on two approaches: the number of individuals following the organization and the correspondence between their ideas and the practical steps they take for change. Based on the first approach, HMI is more populist than GEMA Liberation. If considered based on the second approach, GEMA Liberation is more populist than HMI.
The Complex, Unique, and Powerful Imaging Instrument for Dynamics (CUPI2D) at the Spallation Neutron Source (invited)
Authors: Brügger Adrian , Bilheux Hassina Z. , Lin Jiao Y. Y. , Nelson George J. , Kiss Andrew M. , Morris Jonathan , Connolly Matthew J. , Long Alexander M. , Tremsin Anton S. , Strzelec Andrea , Anderson Mark H. , Agasie Robert , Finney Charles E. A. , Wissink Martin L. , Hubler Mija H. , Pellenq Roland J.-M. , White Claire E. , Heuser Brent J. , Craft Aaron E. , Harp Jason M. , Tan Chuting , Morris Kathryn , Junghans Ann , Sevanto Sanna , Warren Jeffrey M. , Esteban Florez Fernando L. , Biris Alexandru S. , Cekanova Maria , Kardjilov Nikolay , Schillinger Burkhard , Frost Matthew J. , Vogel Sven C.
Published: May 2023

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is planning to build the Second Target Station (STS) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). STS will host a suite of novel instruments that complement the First Target Station’s beamline capabilities by offering an increased flux for cold neutrons and a broader wavelength bandwidth. A novel neutron imaging beamline, named the Complex, Unique, and Powerful Imaging Instrument for Dynamics (CUPI2D), is among the first eight instruments that will be commissioned at STS as part of the construction project. CUPI2D is designed for a broad range of neutron imaging scientific applications, such as energy storage and conversion (batteries and fuel cells), materials science and engineering (additive manufacturing, superalloys, and archaeometry), nuclear materials (novel cladding materials, nuclear fuel, and moderators), cementitious materials, biology/medical/dental applications (regenerative medicine and cancer), and life sciences (plant–soil interactions and nutrient dynamics). The innovation of this instrument lies in the utilization of a high flux of wavelength-separated cold neutrons to perform real time in situ neutron grating interferometry and Bragg edge imaging—with a wavelength resolution of δλ/λ ≈ 0.3%—simultaneously when required, across a broad range of length and time scales. This manuscript briefly describes the science enabled at CUPI2D based on its unique capabilities. The preliminary beamline performance, a design concept, and future development requirements are also presented.
Insight into use of biopolymer in hybrid electrode materials for supercapacitor applications—A critical review
Authors: Tanwar Shweta , Sharma A. L.
Published: May 2023

The shortage of natural resources due to the progression of the human population and environmental pollution has become crucial concern topics to resolve. One of the best ways to resolve this is to develop renewable energy-based storage systems. Supercapacitors are emerging as promising storage systems via providing rapid charging/discharging and high power delivery, but there is a need to explore low-cost, environment-friendly, non-toxic, abundant, and biodegradable electrode materials for supercapacitors. In this regard, biopolymers are observed to be popular for storage applications as they are of high porosity, cost-effective, easily available, low-weight, and environment friendly and have biodegradability properties. The biopolymer-based electrode has a desirable morphology and high surface area and exhibits admirable electrochemical properties. The focus of this report is to highlight (i) the inclusive details of supercapacitors and their types along with strategies to improve their electrochemical performance, (ii) biopolymers and their types used for supercapacitor applications, (iii) various synthesis routes that could be adopted for designing electrode materials based on biopolymers for supercapacitors, and (iv) challenges and future scope of biopolymers as the electrode material in supercapacitor applications. The detailed study here in this report is found to be a topic of interest for the scientific community to fabricate and prepare low-cost, eco-friendly, high electrochemical performance exhibiting electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.
The modulation of magnetism and charge carrier in magnetic topological insulator MnBi4Te7 by Pb and Sb co-doping
Authors: Pei Yufan , Zhu Jiejun , Zhang Yong , Chen Bo , Guo Jingwen , Xie Hangkai , Du Yu , Qi Wuyi , Wang Tianqi , Zhang Heng , Zhang Zhixin , Zhou Fuwei , Fei Fucong , Song Fengqi
Published: May 2023

The intrinsic magnetic topological insulator (MTI) MnBi2Te4 family containing magnetic order and nontrivial topology are fantastic materials for studying exotic topological states, such as quantum anomalous Hall effect, but the strong antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling hinders potential practical applications. Here, we carry out magnetic and transport measurements on (Mn(1−x)Pbx)Bi4Te7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.52) single crystals. As x increases from 0 to 0.45, the AFM exchange interaction is gradually weakened by the dilution of magnetic moments. When x reaches up to 0.52, the AFM coupling is completely suppressed and it turns into a ferromagnetic -like ground state. Additionally, Sb substitutions on Bi sites in this system can not only alter the charge carriers but also further influence the magnetism and bring multiple magnetic phase transitions under low temperatures. Our results demonstrate a MTI candidate with adjustable magnetic ground state and charge carriers in Pb and Sb co-doped MnBi4Te7, which provides a promising platform to study rich topological quantum phases and benefits the potential applications in the future.
Lock-in amplification based on sigma-delta oversampling
Authors: Leis J.
Published: May 2023

Synchronous detection is used to detect and measure very low-level signals in the presence of significant noise. A defining characteristic of this measurement approach is the use of a periodic probe signal to excite the system under test. This is followed by mixing of the reference signal and its phase-quadrature with the measured signal. Standard analog to digital converters are employed, usually with the mixing and filtering performed digitally. Most practical high-resolution analog to digital converters employ oversampled sigma-delta modulation and are incorporated as a separate functional block. This paper derives a processing algorithm that combines the oversampled analog to digital conversion with signal mixing into one functional block. There are several important advantages of this approach. The computational complexity of the lock-in amplifier is substantially reduced, with no loss of accuracy. Moreover, the requirement for high-resolution analog-to-digital conversion is relaxed; it is replaced with low-resolution high-rate sampling, which is typically much easier to realize in practice. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the correctness of the technique as determined via theory and simulation.
Effect of channel dimensions and Reynolds numbers on the turbulence modulation for particle-laden turbulent channel flows
Authors: Rohilla Naveen , Arya Siddhi , Goswami Partha Sarathi
Published: May 2023

The addition of particles to turbulent flows changes the underlying mechanism of turbulence and leads to turbulence modulation. The important parameters are particle Stokes number, mass loading, particle Reynolds number, fluid bulk Reynolds number, etc., that act together and affect the fluid phase turbulence intensities. In the present study, simulations are carried out for different system sizes (2δ/dp=54,81, and 117) and fluid bulk Reynolds numbers (Reb = 5600 and 13 750) to quantify the extent of turbulence attenuation. Here, δ is the half-channel width, dp is the particle diameter, and Reb is the fluid Reynolds number based on the fluid bulk velocity and channel width. Our study shows that system size and fluid bulk Reynolds number are the two crucial parameters that affect the particle feedback force and turbulence modulation more significantly than the other. The extent of turbulence attenuation increases with an increase in system size for the same volume fraction while keeping the Reynolds number fixed. However, for the same volume fraction and fixed channel dimension, the extent of attenuation is low at a higher Reynolds number. The streamwise turbulent structures are observed to become lengthier and fewer with an increase in system size for the same volume fraction and fixed bulk Reynolds number. However, the streamwise high-speed streaks are smaller, thinner, and closely spaced for higher Reynolds numbers than the lower ones for the same volume fraction. Particle phase velocity statistics for different cases have also been reported.
Shape-induced crystallization of binary DNA-functionalized nanocubes
Authors: Zhang Yunhan , Giunta Giuliana , Liang Haojun , Dijkstra Marjolein
Published: May 2023

Leveraging the anisotropic shape of DNA-functionalized nanoparticles holds potential for shape-directed crystallization of a wide collection of superlattice structures. Using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we study the self-assembly of a binary mixture of cubic gold nanoparticles, which are functionalized by complementary DNA strands. We observe the spontaneous self-assembly of simple cubic (SC), plastic body-centered tetragonal (pBCT), and compositionally disordered plastic body-centered tetragonal (d-pBCT) phases due to hybridization of the DNA strands. We systematically investigate the effect of length, grafting density, as well as rigidity of the DNA strands on the self-assembly behavior of cubic nanoparticles. We measure the potential of mean force between DNA-functionalized nanocubes for varying rigidity of the DNA strands and DNA lengths. Using free-energy calculations, we find that longer and flexible DNA strands can lead to a phase transformation from SC to the pBCT phase due to a gain in entropy arising from the orientational degrees of freedom of the nanocubes in the pBCT phase. Our results may serve as a guide for self-assembly experiments on DNA-functionalized cubic nanoparticles.
Leakage reduction mechanism of supercritical CO2 scallop damper seal: Vortex structure and turbulence dissipation
Authors: Watanabe Toshinori , Himeno Takehiro
Published: May 2023

The scallop damper seal (SDS) is a new sealing solution utilized in supercritical CO2(S-CO2) turbomachinery, and its sealing performance is of great interest. Analyzing the energy dissipation of fluid in the seal is critical for understanding the leakage characteristics of SDS. In this paper, we develop a high-order compressible flow solver with real gas thermophysical modeling. The vortex structure and turbulence dissipation of leakage flow are investigated to uncover the leakage reduction mechanism of SDS. By comparing the flow fields within a labyrinth seal (LABY) and a full-partition pocket damper seal (FPDS), we demonstrate that SDS has better leakage reduction performance for S-CO2. The results indicate that S-CO2 fluid flows into the SDS cavity and expands significantly. The formed vortex dissipates sufficiently more energy, reducing the leakage flow rate (LFR). The increase in the Mach number of the fluid flowing through the SDS gap is limited. Still, the gas permeability phenomenon caused by the throttling effect is observed in the clearance of LABY and FPDS, resulting in an increased LFR. At the differential pressure of 5 MPa, the LFR of SDS is 36.6% and 54.4% lower than that of LABY and FPDS, respectively. Although the rotor rotation leads to an asymmetric distribution of vortex in the SDS cavity, the vortex develops rapidly and occupies the entire space. For the seal design of S-CO2 turbomachinery, enhancing the turbulence dissipation of fluid in the cavity and reducing the gas permeability of fluid in clearance should be the focus of attention.
Nonlinear optics: from theory to applications, with a focus on the use of two-photon absorption in biology
Authors: Dréano Mélanie , Mongin Olivier , Paul Frédéric , Humphrey Mark G.
Published: May 2023

The study of nonlinear optics in the 1960s attracted considerable attention from a theoretical standpoint, engendering many proposals for practical use of these new photonic effects. Among these suggestions, the development of efficient two-photon absorption (2PA) has attracted sustained interest due to its demonstrated (or potential) use in a broad range of applications that include optical data storage, optical limiting and nanofabrication. The use of 2PA in biological applications is particularly appealing. This is because 2PA offers several advantages for bio-oriented applications, such as intrinsic three-dimensional resolution, increased penetration depth in biological materials such as tissue and highly focused excitation at half-energy, leading to a decrease of auto-fluorescence and photodamage. In this Primer Review, we introduce the essential background theory needed for an understanding of the field, we describe the key experiments deployed to quantify material performance, we discuss the evolution of 2PA molecular design, and we summarise the state-of-the-art and the existing challenges in the use of 2PA in imaging, therapy and theranostics.
Learning context and the development of second language
Spanish
Authors: Zahler Sara L. , E. Whatley Melissa
Published: May 2023

This study examines the variation between the
preterit and present perfect among 43 learners studying abroad in
Chile and Spain. We compared their results to those of 105 Spanish
learners in the at-home university context to determine whether our
learners approached regional norms or if they followed an
acquisitional pathway common to English-speaking learners of
Spanish. Twenty-three native speakers from Chile, Spain, and the
at-home context also completed the study. Results indicate that both
study abroad groups developed similarly to each other and to the
at-home learners. These findings suggest that, for variable
past-time perfective marking, rather than approaching regional
norms, students who participate in study abroad move along a
developmental trajectory common to English-speaking learners of
Spanish.
A quaternary epistemic code
Authors: Martinez Philippe Antoine
Published: May 2023

Evidentiality has often been described in narrow terms as an independent grammatical category denoting an overt source of information (e.g., perception, inference, assumption and hearsay). Drawing on fieldwork data, this paper explores how evidentiality is encoded at the copula level in Chhitkul-Rākchham (West Himalayish). In doing so, it is argued that the relevant evidentials, part of a comparatively complex scheme consisting of nine elements, together with a negative sub-system, fall under the broader umbrella of epistemic modality. The contention finds an illustration in an egophoric marker following two inflectional tracks with two resulting degrees of assertiveness, and in a handful of combinatorial constructions. Evidentiality as expressed by copulas points to the self, which builds bridges with the study of consciousness. The latter term is underappreciated within linguistics and this work emphasizes the need for a broader cross-disciplinary outlook.
Beyond bilingualism
Authors: Yim Odilia
Published: May 2023

Code-switching, the spontaneous switching from
one language to another within a single speech event (Appel & Muysken, 1987),
is essentially a linguistic concept derived from language contact
research. The notion of bilingual code-switching has been
far-reaching: it has been the topic du jour for
decades in the field of sociolinguistics, it has been incorporated
into cognitive studies to further the study of bilingualism, and it
has been adopted into social psychological research from attitudes
to identity. While each field has its own perspective of the concept
and ways of operationalizing it into their respective methodologies,
it remains necessary to have a well-rounded understanding of this
linguistic concept and its definitions, constraints, and functions.
An overview of the core ideas linked to code-switching will be
explained, followed by a discussion of the studies that have
incorporated the construct into cognitive bilingualism research and
the social psychology of language. Finally, implications and future
avenues for the study of code-switching and bilingualism will be
discussed.
Learning through bilingual education
Authors: Esposito Alena G. , Park Sangmi
Published: May 2023

In this chapter, we outline the contributions of
Ellen Bialystok to our understanding of the effects of bilingualism
on cognition and how these contributions have inspired research on
bilingual education. We discuss how her work on cognitive impacts of
bilingualism and bilingual education have contributed to and fueled
research investigating academic achievement and learning across
languages for both majority-language speakers learning a target
language and minority-language speakers learning the
majority-language. We conclude with the next steps and new questions
that have arisen in this area of research and the implications for
education.
The Ditransitive Alternation in Present-Day German
Authors: De Vaere Hilde
Published: May 2023

The ditransitive (or “dative”) alternation is a much-studied phenomenon in contemporary linguistics. This monograph is the first to address the alternation in present-day written German from both a quantitative and qualitative perspective. As well as providing a corpus-based analysis of extensively annotated data and detailed statistical information, the book also contributes to the theory of language by developing an alternative framework to existing investigations of the alternation. It is shown that the alternation can be accounted for in a comprehensive way by adopting a three-layer approach to meaning and sense based on the work of E. Coseriu and S. Levinson. In this approach, a construction’s language-specific encoded meaning is distinguished both from its conventional (“normal”) uses and its discourse-specific interpretations in particular contexts. The monograph is likely to attract attention from researchers in the fields of German and English linguistics, general and contrastive linguistics as well as linguistic theory.
Detection of high-frequency gravitational waves using high-energy pulsed lasers
Authors: Vacalis Georgios , Marocco Giacomo , Bamber James , Bingham Robert , Gregori Gianluca
Published: May 2023

We propose a new method for detecting high-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) using high-energy pulsed lasers. Through the inverse Gertsenshtein effect, the interaction between a GW and the laser beam results in the creation of an electromagnetic signal. The latter can be detected using single-photon counting techniques. We compute the minimal strain of a detectable GW which only depends on the laser parameters. We find that a resonance occurs in this process when the frequency of the GW is twice the frequency of the laser. With this method, the frequency range 1013–1019 Hz is explored non-continuously for strains

h
≳

10

−
20

for current laser systems and can be extended to

h
≳

10

−
26

with future generation facilities.
3d transition metal substituted Fe3Se4: prediction of potential permanent magnet
Authors: Islam Riyajul , Borah J P
Published: May 2023

It is crucial for modern condensed matter physics to be able to effectively manipulate magnetism, as well as for permanent applications in general. The pristine Fe3Se4 is known to meet all the criteria for a good permanent magnet (PM), but its energy product

(
B
H

)

max

is quite low due to its low magnetization. Based on density functional theory calculations, we report on improved magnetic properties of promising transition metal (TM) substituted Fe3Se4 systems (TM0.5Fe2.5Se4 and TM1Fe2Se4, with TM = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn). The stability of the compounds is determined using phonon density of states and enthalpy of formation calculations. We predict an enhanced magnetization as well as uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) for TM substituted Fe3Se4, reaching a maximum value of

K

u

= 1.416 MJ m−3 for V1Fe2Se4. We investigate the electronic structure of the compounds, and explore the source of the improved MAE. The enhanced MAE in V1Fe2Se4 is attributed to the in-plane 3d orbitals near the Fermi level, E
F, which alters the overall electronic bands. Site-resolved contributions to

K

u

show that the Fe2 sublattice contributes considerably to the overall uniaxial anisotropy in V1Fe2Se4, whereas the Se sublattice contribution shifts from planar anisotropy in Fe3Se4 to uniaxial. Such improvements in uniaxial MAE, together with improved structural stability, make V1Fe2Se4 a promising choice for rare-earth-free PMs.
Growth of wafer-scale chromium sulphide and selenide semiconductor films
Authors: Yao Bing , Liu Weilin , Zhou Xiaoxiang , Yang Jiangfeng , Huang Xianlei , Fu Zihao , Yuan Guowen , Nie Yuefeng , Dai Yaomin , Xu Jie , Gao Libo
Published: May 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal chalcogenides have attracted enormous attention due to their stunning properties and great prospects for applications. Most of the reported 2D materials have layered structure, and non-layered transition metal chalcogenides are rare. Particularly, chromium chalcogenides are highly complexed in terms of structural phases. Researches on their representative chalcogenides, Cr2S3 and Cr2Se3, are insufficient and most of them focus on individual crystal grains. In this study, large-scale Cr2S3 and Cr2Se3 films with controllable thickness are successfully grown, and their crystalline qualities are confirmed by multiple characterizations. Moreover, the thickness-dependent Raman vibrations are investigated systematically, presenting slight redshift with increasing thickness. The fundamental physical properties of grown Cr2S3 and Cr2Se3 films, including optical bandgap, activation energy and electrical properties, are measured with different thicknesses. The 1.9 nm thick Cr2S3 and Cr2Se3 films show narrow optical bandgap of 0.732 and 0.672 eV, respectively. The electrical properties of Cr2S3 films demonstrate p-type semiconductor behaviours, while the Cr2Se3 films exhibit no gate response. This work can provide a feasible method for growing large-scale Cr2S3 and Cr2Se3 films, and reveal fundamental information of their physical properties, which is helpful for future applications.
Topological transport properties of highly oriented Bi2Te3 thin film deposited by sputtering
Authors: Pandey Lalit , Husain Sajid , Barwal Vineet , Hait Soumyarup , Gupta Nanhe Kumar , Mishra Vireshwar , Kumar Nakul , Sharma Nikita , Dixit Dinesh , Singh Veer , Chaudhary Sujeet
Published: May 2023

Topological insulators (TIs) are the promising materials for next-generation technology due to their exotic features such as spin momentum locking, conducting surface states, etc. However, the high-quality growth of TIs by sputtering technique, which is one of the foremost industrial requirements, is extremely challenging. Also, the demonstration of simple investigation protocols to characterize topological properties of TIs using electron-transport methods is highly desirable. Here, we report the quantitative investigation of non-trivial parameters employing magnetotransport measurements on a prototypical highly textured Bi2Te3 TI thin film prepared by sputtering. Through the systematic analyses of the temperature and magnetic field dependent resistivity, all topological parameters associated with TIs, such as coherency factor

α

, Berry phase (

Φ

B

), mass term (m), the dephasing parameter (p), slope of temperature dependent conductivity correction (

κ

) and the surface state penetration depth (λ) are estimated by using the modified ‘Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka’, ‘Lu–Shen’ and ‘Altshuler–Aronov’ models. The obtained values of topological parameters are well comparable to those reported on molecular beam epitaxy grown TIs. The epitaxial growth of Bi2Te3 film using sputtering, and investigation of the non-trivial topological states from its electron-transport behavior are important for their fundamental understanding and technological applications.
Janus-functionalization induced magnetism and improved optoelectronic properties in two-dimension silicene and germanene: insights from first-principles calculations
Authors: Guo Gang , Xu Yajuan , Guo Gencai
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the structural stability, optoelectronic and magnetic properties of silicene and germanene monolayers Janus-functionalized simultaneously with hydrogen and alkali metal atoms (Li and Na) are investigated systematically by using first-principles calculations. The calculated results of the ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and cohesive energies indicate that all functionalized cases have good stability. Meanwhile, the calculated band structures show that all functionalized cases retain the Dirac cone. Particularly, the cases of HSiLi and HGeLi show metallic nature but retain semiconducting characteristics. Besides, the above two cases can present obvious magnetic behavior and their magnetic moments are mainly originated by the p states of Li atom. The metallic property and weak magnetic character can also be found in the case of HGeNa. While the case of HSiNa exhibits the nonmagnetic semiconducting property with a indirect band gap of 0.42 eV calculated by the HSE06 hybrid functional. It is also found that the optical absorption in the visible region of silicene and germanene can be effectively improved by Janus-functionalization. Specifically, a high optical absorption of visible light in an order of 4.5 × 105 cm−1 can be observed in the case of HSiNa. Furthermore, in the visible region, the reflection coefficients of all functionalized cases can also be enhanced. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the Janus-functionalization method to modulate the optoelectronic and magnetic properties of silicene and germanene, expanding their potential applications in the fields of spintronics and optoelectronics.
Network lightweight method based on knowledge distillation is applied to RV reducer fault diagnosis
Authors: He Feifei , Liu Chang , Wang Mengdi , Yang Enshan , Liu Xiaoqin
Published: May 2023

As a core component of industrial robots, the RV reducer directly affects the normal operation of the robot, so it is of great significance to monitor its status and diagnose faults. In the field of fault diagnosis, intelligent diagnosis methods based on deep learning have shown great advantages in accuracy and efficiency. However, as the network depth and scale increase, the exponentially growing model computation and parameter amounts require higher hardware requirements for computers, making it difficult to deploy on embedded platforms with limited computing resources. This makes it difficult for deep learning-based fault diagnosis methods to be applied in practical industrial settings that emphasize real-time performance, portability, and accuracy. This paper proposes a network lightweight method based on knowledge distillation (KD). Using the two-dimensional time–frequency map of vibration signals as the model input, the improved MobileNet-V3 network is used as the teacher network, and the simplified convolutional neural network is used as the student network (SN). The method of KD is applied to condense the knowledge and transfer it to the SN. The proposed method is validated using an RV reducer fault simulation experiment platform, and the results show that the proposed method reduces computation and parameter amounts by about 170 times at an accuracy rate of 94.37%, and run time is shortened by nearly one-third, and a generalization verification was conducted using the rotating mechanical fault simulation experiment platform. The models were also deployed on embedded devices to verify that the method proposed in this paper effectively reduces the deep learning network model’s demand for hardware resources of the operating environment. This provides an effective reference for deploying and implementing deep learning-based fault diagnosis on embedded systems with lower hardware configurations.
Monitoring method of bolt looseness based on inversion of joint surface gap by magnetic field change
Authors: Chen Long-Chao , Jiang Yong-Zheng , Huang Lei , Zeng Li-Ying
Published: May 2023

In the field of engineering, bolted connection structures are widely used, and loose bolts can lead to serious safety incidents. However, current monitoring techniques for bolt loosening are limited in their ability to detect the degree of looseness in real-time. To address this problem, this study proposes a novel approach to monitoring bolt loosening by using the inversion of magnetic field change combined with surface clearance. Firstly, the static magnetic field equation is theoretically derived using the Maxwell equation under the assumption of no current, and the sensitivity of the magnetic field to the gap is examined using finite element simulation. Secondly, a three-dimensional finite element model is established to conduct a parametric scan of the gap, and the relationship between the gap and magnetic field intensity is obtained. Furthermore, the study proposes a high-precision gap sensor design scheme, which is theoretically confirmed to be viable. To confirm the feasibility of the proposed bolt looseness monitoring method and the instrument development, a bolt looseness testing platform is built and applied in engineering practice. The research shows that this technique can successfully track the state of loosening bolts, offering a new approach and concept for bolt loosening monitoring. It has the potential for a wide range of applications.
Prediction of inter-granular crack initiation susceptibility in post irradiated grade 300 steels
Authors: Wang Yanjun , Zeng Zitao , Robertson Christian
Published: May 2023

Grade 300 austenitic steel components are subjected to irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking hazard, in the context of nuclear pressurized water reactor operation. In this paper, it is assumed that inter-granular cracking susceptibility primarily depends on sub grain plasticity mechanisms, controlling the slip band thickness and spacing achieved for a plastic strain level imposed. A computational model evaluating the related grain-boundary stress evolutions is developed and evaluated, using actual post-irradiation observations. In practice, we calculate a quantitative damage susceptibility factor R depending on the characteristic local slip band arrangements and the grain to grain misorientation. The statistical R evolutions obtained are consistent with the strain localization and related intergranular crack susceptibility trends, under corresponding irradiation and deformation conditions.
Solution processed bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) thin films and solar cells
Authors: Feeney Thomas , Aygur Gabriel , Nguyen Tony , Farooq Sidra , Mendes Joao , Tuohey Hayden , Gómez Daniel E , Della Gaspera Enrico , van Embden Joel
Published: May 2023

Post transition metal chalcohalides are an emerging class of semiconductor materials for optoelectronic applications. Within this class, bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) is of particular interest due to its high environmental stability, low toxicity, and defect tolerance considered typical of ‘ns2’ materials. Here we fabricate BiOI thin films using a solution-processed method that affords pin-hole free highly pure films without any residual carbon or other contaminant species. Based on these films, solution processed all-inorganic solar cells with an architecture ITO/NiO
x
/BiOI/ZnO/Al are fabricated for the first time. Additional device improvements are realised by templating BiOI thin film growth to attain efficiencies that rival some of the best vacuum deposited devices. The BiOI thin films and devices outlined here are an excellent platform for the further development of solution processed bismuth chalcohalide optoelectronic devices.
Rate-induced tipping: thresholds, edge states and connecting orbits
Authors: Wieczorek Sebastian , Xie Chun , Ashwin Peter
Published: May 2023

Rate-induced tipping (R-tipping) occurs when time-variation of input parameters of a dynamical system interacts with system timescales to give genuine nonautonomous instabilities. Such instabilities appear as the input varies at some critical rates and cannot, in general, be understood in terms of autonomous bifurcations in the frozen system with a fixed-in-time input. This paper develops an accessible mathematical framework for R-tipping in multidimensional nonautonomous dynamical systems with an autonomous future limit. We focus on R-tipping via loss of tracking of base attractors that are equilibria in the frozen system, due to crossing what we call regular R-tipping thresholds. These thresholds are anchored at infinity by regular R-tipping edge states: compact normally hyperbolic invariant sets of the autonomous future limit system that have one unstable direction, orientable stable manifold, and lie on a basin boundary. We define R-tipping and critical rates for the nonautonomous system in terms of special solutions that limit to a compact invariant set of the autonomous future limit system that is not an attractor. We focus on the case when the limit set is a regular edge state, introduce the concept of edge tails, and rigorously classify R-tipping into reversible, irreversible, and degenerate cases. The central idea is to use the autonomous dynamics of the future limit system to analyse R-tipping in the nonautonomous system. We compactify the original nonautonomous system to include the limiting autonomous dynamics. Considering regular R-tipping edge states that are equilibria allows us to prove two results. First, we give sufficient conditions for the occurrence of R-tipping in terms of easily testable properties of the frozen system and input variation. Second, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of reversible and irreversible R-tipping in terms of computationally verifiable (heteroclinic) connections to regular R-tipping edge states in the autonomous compactified system.
CeLNet: a correlation-enhanced lightweight network for medical image segmentation
Authors: Zhang Bangze , Wang Xiaoyan , Liu Lianggui , Zhang Denghui , Huang Xiaojie , Xia Ming , Jiang Weiwei , Huang Xiangsheng
Published: May 2023

Objective. Convolutional neural networks have been widely adopted for medical image segmentation with their outstanding feature representation capabilities. As the segmentation accuracy gets constantly updated, the complexity of networks increases as well. Complex networks can achieve better performance but require more parameters and are hard to train with limited resources, while lightweight models are faster but cannot fully utilize the contextual information of medical images. In this paper, we focus on better balancing the efficiency and accuracy. Approach. We propose a correlation-enhanced lightweight network (CeLNet) for medical image segmentation, which adopts a siamese structure for weight sharing and parameter saving. Through the feature reuse and feature stacking of parallel branches, a point-depth convolution parallel block (PDP Block) is proposed to reduce the model parameters and computational cost while improving the feature extraction capability of encoder. A relation module is also designed to extract feature correlations of input slices, which utilizes global and local attention to enhance feature connections, while reducing feature differences through element subtraction, and finally obtains contextual information of associated slices to improve the segmentation performance. Main results. We conduct extensive experiments on the LiTS2017, MM-WHS and ISIC2018 datasets, and the proposed model consumes merely 5.18M parameters but achieves excellent segmentation performance, specifically, a DSC of 0.9233 in LiTS2017 dataset, an average DSC of 0.7895 on MM-WHS dataset and an average DSC of 0.8401 on ISIC2018 dataset. Significance. CeLNet achieves state-of-the-art performance in multiple datasets while ensuring lightweight.
A review of the effect of skin pigmentation on pulse oximeter accuracy
Authors: Al-Halawani Raghda , Charlton Peter H , Qassem Meha , Kyriacou Panayiotis A
Published: May 2023

Objective. Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive optical technique used to measure arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) in a variety of clinical settings and scenarios. Despite being one the most significant technological advances in health monitoring over the last few decades, there have been reports on its various limitations. Recently due to the Covid-19 pandemic, questions about pulse oximeter technology and its accuracy when used in people with different skin pigmentation have resurfaced, and are to be addressed. Approach. This review presents an introduction to the technique of pulse oximetry including its basic principle of operation, technology, and limitations, with a more in depth focus on skin pigmentation. Relevant literature relating to the performance and accuracy of pulse oximeters in populations with different skin pigmentation are evaluated. Main Results. The majority of the evidence suggests that the accuracy of pulse oximetry differs in subjects of different skin pigmentations to a level that requires particular attention, with decreased accuracy in patients with dark skin. Significance. Some recommendations, both from the literature and contributions from the authors, suggest how future work could address these inaccuracies to potentially improve clinical outcomes. These include the objective quantification of skin pigmentation to replace currently used qualitative methods, and computational modelling for predicting calibration algorithms based on skin colour.