bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persepsi Mahasiswa PAUD Terhadap Pentingnya Kemampuan Entrepreneurship dalam Kesiapan Menghadapi Tantangan di Era Digital
Authors: Yanto Murni
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi mahasiswa PAUD terhadap pentingnya kemampuan entrepreneurship dalam kesiapan menghadapi tantangan di era digital. Penelitian dilakukan  pada bulan Juni 2022. Sampel penelitiannya adalah 66 mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru PAUD FKIP Universitas Bengkulu yang diambil dengan teknik purpossive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar angket tertutup dengan 4 pilihan jawaban. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa PG-PAUD FKIP UNIB sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini memiliki persepsi bahwa kemampuan entrepreneurship dalam kesiapan menghadapi tantangan di era digital itu penting.
Fenomena Kekerasan Psikologis pada Anak Usia Dini dalam Keluarga
Authors: Sary Yessy Nur Endah
Published: January 2023

Kekerasan psikologis memberikan dampak buruk kepada anak usia dini. Banyak keluarga yang menutupi terjadinya kekerasan kepada anak usia dini di depan orang lain karena beranggapan hal tersebut adalah hak privasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi penyebab terjadinya kekerasan psikologis pada anak usia di dalam keluarga. Merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Responden dari penelitian ini ayah atau ibu yang memiliki anak usia dini (4-6 tahun) di Desa Kraksaan Wetan sebanyak 18 orang. Teknik sampling menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan instrument berupa panduan wawancara terstruktur dengan isi tentang apa saja yang menyebabkan orang tua melakukan kekerasan psikologis pada anak serta lembar observasi untuk melihat dampak langsung dampak dari kekerasan psikologis yang dialami anak. Peneliti membawa tape recorder ketika melakukan wawancara dengan orang tua dan setiap orang tua memiliki waktu selama 30 menit maksimal untuk wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menginformasikan bahwa terjadinya kekerasan psikologis pada  anak usia dini disebabkan oleh berbagai macam faktor baik internal maupun eksternal. Faktor tersebut antara lain faktor pengetahuan orang tua, pengalaman orang tua sewaktu kecil, faktor keluarga dan kondisi ekonomi
MANFAAT ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM DARI KACA MATA SEORANG PENSTUDI HUKUM
Authors: fadia Annisa haya
Published: January 2023

Antropologi hukum mempunyai beberapa manfaat untuk menyelesaikan perkara-perkara hukum yang ada dimasyarakat, yakni secara teoritis dapat mengetahui pengertian-pengertian hukum yang berlaku dalam masyarakat sederhana dan modern, serta dapat mengetahui bagaimana masyarakat bisa mempertahankan nilai-nilai dasar yang dimiliki sekaligus mengetahui bagaimana masyarakat bisa melakukan perubahan-perubahan terhadap nilai-nilai dasar tersebut, juga dapat mengetahui perbedaan pendapat / pandangan masyarakat atas sesuatu yang seharusnya mereka lakukan dan dapat mengetahui suku bangsa / masyarakat mana yang masih kuat / fanatik mempertahankan keberlakuan nilai-nilai budaya mereka, sekaligus dapat mengetahui suku bangsa / masyarakat mana yang memiliki norma-norma perilaku hukum yang sudah tinggi dan mana yang belum tinggi.
Combined Use of Google Trends and Talkwalker for Infoveillance: Listening to Web Concerns About COVID-19 Vaccines in Italy (Abstract in English, Main Text in Italian)
Authors: Rovetta Alessandro
Published: January 2023

IntroductionAn infodemic is an information epidemic capable of compromising public health. Based on the World Health Organization indications, this manuscript proposes an infoveillance method suitable for listening to web concerns on health in order to develop adequate infodemiological responses. In particular, the case of COVID-19 vaccinations in Italy was investigated.MethodsWeb interest and concern in COVID-19 vaccines over the past week (January 8 – 14, 2023) was investigated via the websites Google Trends and Talkwalker by searching for appropriate keywords. Thanks to the analysis of related queries and topics, it was possible to determine and examine the most debated topics relating to specific side effects.ResultsEmotional reactions regarding COVID-19 vaccines have been negative in varying percentages between 40 and 70%, depending on the topic discussed. Feelings of alarm, derision, doubt, and anger were common (about 60%). The concerns were mainly about the effectiveness against recent COVID-19 variants and alleged side effects such as sudden death, tumors, myocarditis, prion disease, and high ferritin. The most used media among those scrutinized was Twitter (over 90% of interactions). The male audience participated more and showed more negativity than the female one. The age groups mainly involved were the under-45s.Discussion and conclusionThis research discussed the combined use of Google Trends and Talkwalker to conduct rapid infoveillance surveys. The results found showed that the web public has many doubts about COVID-19 vaccines, including the appearance of very rare or unproved side effects. Based on the WHO infodemic management strategy, it is essential that this or similar approaches are adopted by health and government authorities to listen to the community and calibrate appropriate infodemiological responses aimed at preserving public health.
Analisi Job 2
Authors: Athifah Ulfah
Published: January 2023

Analisa job 2 adalah
Legal Pluralism and the Struggle for Customary Law in the Vietnamese Highlands
Authors: Gillespie John
Published: January 2023

For centuries, diverse groups of people living in the highlands of Southeast Asia have resisted lowland empires in China, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. The interaction between lowlanders and highlanders has been described as “internal colonization”—a process involving the absorption or displacement of highland communities and customary law. This Article draws on an empirical study to explore whether the Vietnamese Government’s new “village covenant” (Hương ước) program is continuing internal colonization by transforming and displacing customary law in the Vietnamese Central Highlands. It uses a novel analytical framework—synthetized from legal pluralism and systems theory—to argue the state legal system and highland communities lack a shared conceptual grammar in which to identify common ground, reconcile differences, and converge. The Article closes with the conclusion that, although highland communities are resisting internal colonization, the forces of modernity are slowly changing the deeply held epistemic assumptions underlying customary law.
FILSAFAT HUKUM MENJADIKAN ILMU HUKUM SEBUAH SOLUSI DARI MASALAH HUKUM
Authors: MAILHELVIN YUDI IHSAN
Published: January 2023

Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, fenomena terhadap hukum semakin marak. Tindakan pengadilan seringkali tidak bijak karena tidak memberi kepuasan pada masyarakat. Hakim tidak lagi memberikan putusan adil pada setiap pengadilan yang berjalan karena tidak melalui prosedur yang benar. Perkara diputuskan dengan undang-undang yang telah dipesan dengan kerjasama antara pembuat Undang-undang dengan pelaku kejahatan yang kecerdasannya mampu membelokkan makna peraturan hukum dengan pendapat hakim sehingga berkembanglah “mafia peradilan”.
FILSAFAT HUKUM SEBAGAI ILMU PENGETAHUAN YANG DINAMIS
Authors: USMAN SYAHRUL
Published: January 2023

Kata filsafat merupakan istilah asing, bukan asli bahasa Indonesia istilah tersebut dari bahasa barat adapun kata filsafat berasal dari Yunani, yang merupakan mengajarkan kebijaksanaan dan bahkan menjual kebijaksanaannya kepada orang lain. Hakikatnya ini menyatakan filsasfat hukum sebagai pengetahuan yang diperolehnya ini akan dapat mengetahui halhal yang sifatnya sangat umum dan universal. Ini dapat dijadikan dasar untuk mengetahui apa yang akan terjadi.
PERKEMBANGAN ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: PILIANG ICE NOVITA
Published: January 2023

Antropologi hukum mengkaji antropologis terhadap makna sosial dari dan pentingnya hukum dengan menelaah bagaimana hukum dibuat termasuk bagaimana konteks sosial pembuatan hukum tersebut, bagaimana hukum mempertahankan dan mengubah institusi sosial lainnya, dan bagaimana hukum membangun perilaku sosial. Antropologi hukum juga mengkaji peran, status atau kedudukan, nilai, norma, dan budaya. Semua itu merupakan hal-hal yang erat kaitannya dengan antropologi hukum.
Preventive Mental Health Care: A Complex Systems Framework for Ambient Smart Environments
Authors: White Ben , Hipólito Inês
Published: January 2023

We offer a framework for the design and use of Ambient Smart Environments (ASEs) for preventive mental health care support. Drawing from Complex Systems Theory (CST) and ‘E’ Cognitive Science (ECS), we claim that ASEs have the potential to act in a preventive capacity in support of good mental health, i.e. supporting dynamics that avoid so-called “struck states” (which are, according to CST, thought generally to underpin forms of psychopathology). Here, we frame our discussion with what has recently been termed the “mind-technology problem”. We define and characterise ASE systems, present some examples, and briefly survey some existing theoretical work. After introducing the essential CST terminology, the paper goes on to apply CST to explain developmental adaptation to continuously changing (smart) environments. Understanding the ASE’s navigation in terms of a dynamic geometry between attracting and repelling points (or local minima/local maxima), allows us to develop neurotechnology that can augment clinical interventions by predicting upcoming shifts for good symptomatic outcomes, i.e. when a preventive intervention (i.e. destabilisation) should take place. We further offer clear directions for the development and design of such neurotechnology.
The transposed word effect is consistent with serial word recognition and varies with reading speed
Authors: Hossain Jannat , White Alex L.
Published: January 2023

The scientific study of reading has long been animated by questions of parallel vs. serial processing. Do readers recognize words serially, adding each one sequentially to a representation of the sentence structure? One fascinating phenomenon to emerge from this research is the transposed word effect: when asked to judge whether sentences are grammatical, readers often fail to notice grammatical errors caused by transposing two words. This effect could be evidence that readers recognize multiple words in parallel. Here we provide converging evidence that the transposed word effect is also consistent with serial processing because it occurs robustly when the words in each sentence are presented serially. We further investigated how the effect relates to individual differences in reading speed, to gaze fixation patterns, and to differences in difficulty across sentences. In a pretest, we first measured the natural English reading rate of 37 participants, which varied widely. In a subsequent grammaticality task, we presented grammatical and ungrammatical sentences in two modes: all words simultaneously, and with single words presented sequentially at each participant’s natural rate. Unlike prior studies that used a fixed sequential presentation rate, we found that the magnitude of the transposed word effect was at least as strong in the sequential presentation mode as in the simultaneous mode, for both error rates and response times. Moreover, faster readers were more likely to miss transpositions of words presented sequentially. We argue that these data favor a model of comprehension in which skilled readers rely on prior knowledge to infer the meaning of sentences, allowing for apparent errors in spatial or temporal order, even when the individual words are recognized one at a time.
Minimal cross-trial generalization in learning the representation of an odor-guided choice task
Authors: Song Mingyu , Takahashi Yuji K. , Burton Amanda C C , Roesch Matthew R. , Schoenbaum Geoffrey , Niv Yael , Langdon Angela
Published: January 2023

There is no single way to represent a task. Indeed, despite experiencing the same task events and contingencies, different subjects may form distinct task representations. As experimenters, we often assume that subjects represent the task as we envision it. However, such a representation cannot be taken for granted, especially in animal experiments where we cannot deliver explicit instruction regarding the structure of the task. Here, we tested how rats represent an odor-guided choice task in which two odor cues indicated which of two responses would lead to reward, whereas a third odor indicated free choice among the two responses. A parsimonious task representation would allow animals to learn from the forced trials what is the better option to choose in the free-choice trials. However, animals may not necessarily generalize across odors in this way. We fit reinforcement-learning models that use different task representations to trial-by-trial choice behavior of individual rats performing this task, and quantified the degree to which each animal used the more parsimonious representation, generalizing across trial types. Model comparison revealed that most rats did not acquire this representation despite extensive experience. Our results demonstrate the importance of formally testing possible task representations that can afford the observed behavior, rather than assuming that animals’ task representations abide by the generative task structure that governs the experimental design.
The Stubborn Unresponsiveness of Youth Voter Turnout to Civic Education: Quasi-experimental Evidence from State-Mandated Civics Tests
Authors: Jung Jilli , Gopalan Maithreyi
Published: January 2023

Youth voter turnout remains stubbornly low and unresponsive to civic education. Rigorous evaluations of the adoption of civic tests for high school graduation by some states on youth voter turnout remain limited. We estimate the impact of a recent, state-mandated civics test policy—the Civics Education Initiative (CEI)—on youth voter turnout by exploiting spatial and temporal variation in the adoption of CEI across states. Using nationally-representative data from the 1996-2020 Current Population Survey and a Difference-in-Differences analysis, we find that CEI does not significantly affect youth voter turnout. Our null results, largely insensitive to a variety of alternative specifications and robustness checks, provide evidence regarding the lack of efficacy of civic test policies when it comes to youth voter participation.
The range of suicidal ideation among people with care experience: Occurrences of suicidal thoughts in a cross-national sample from England and Germany
Authors: Göbbels-Koch Petra
Published: January 2023

Background: This paper investigates the range of suicidal ideation among people with care experience. People who grew up in care have an elevated risk of suicidal ideation, behavior and dying by suicide compared to people without care experience.Objective: A comprehensive and in-depth understanding of when suicidal ideation occurs and how care-experienced people experience suicidal thoughts, especially when leaving care in England and Germany, is currently not available but would help to inform suicide prevention tailored to care-experienced people across different ages. The current study aims to address this gap.Participants: The online survey included 45 adults with care experience, age 18 to 40, who lived in foster or residential care in England or Germany. Interviews were conducted with 13 care-experienced young adults from both countries.Methods: The current study applied a mixed-methods approach, combining an online survey and semi-structured interviews with young care-experienced adults from England and Germany. Descriptive statistical and significance tests were conducted to analyze the survey data with SPSS. Framework analysis was used to analyze the interviews.Results: The findings show that many participants experienced suicidal thoughts from a young age and at different times up to adulthood. A range of suicidal thoughts and trajectories are identified with an increased risk of suicide for young people with care experience, especially during transitions such as when leaving care in early adulthood.Conclusion: The study underlines the need for a stronger recognition of suicide prevention in social work and the (leaving) care system across different countries.
Anaemia in Pregnancy, Severity and Outcome in Lumbini Province, Nepal
Authors: Sharma Deepanjali , Lamsal Manoj , Subedi Jigyasa , KC Tara , Banu Hasina , Manandhar Bekha Laxmi
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION Anemia is common nutritional deﬁciency disorder in pregnant women. It is important cause of morbidity and mortality among pregnant women. We evaluated pregnant women presenting to UCMS-TH with hemoglobin level less than 9 gm/dl with reference to maternal and fetal outcome.
MATERIAL AND METHODS Total of 255 women presenting with moderate to severe anemia at our hospital were evaluated. Demographic proﬁle of patients, maternal outcomes and fetal outcomes were evaluated.
RESULTS Most of patients were from rural area (78%) of which majority (69.8%) were unbooked. Severe anemia was present in 16.5% cases. Maternal complications included preterm labor (23.1%), post partum hemorrhage (19.2%), wound infection (8.6%), ante partum hemorrhage (5.5%), intensive care unit admission (4.3%) and mortality (0.4%). Fetal outcomes included neonatal intensive care unit admission (29.8%), intrauterine growth restriction  (9%) and neonatal death (7.5%).
CONCLUSION Severity of anemia associated with signiﬁcant increase in PPH, preterm delivery, ICU admission and heart failure.
Evaluation of Outcomes in Chest Trauma Patients using Chest Trauma Scoring System
Authors: Mahaseth Rahul , Shah Santosh , KC Rajkumar
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION Chest trauma is a common surgical incidence all over the world. Chest Trauma scoring system (CTS) is found in many studies to be an effective tool to predict outcomes in chest trauma patients. The need for a universal system for thoracic trauma is justiﬁed to identify critical factors, to predict patient outcomes, urgent need for intervention, and requirement of intensive care and to communicate with the family. Therefore there is a need of study and scoring system which can predict possible outcome.
MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a prospective, longitudinal, observational study conducted at Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa from October 2019 to March 2021. The chest trauma score was used to evaluate the outcome in patient admitted with blunt trauma chest. Duration of hospital stay, respiratory complications, need of ICU and Ventilators and mortality were noted as outcomes.
RESULTS In this study, 79 cases with blunt trauma chest were admitted with road trafﬁc accident being major factor for admission. Most patients were in age group 45-65 years of age with male predominance (84.8%). The results showed that patient with high CTS ≥5 was associated with higher incidence of pneumonia and need of ICU. The ROC curve showed that CTS predict signiﬁcantly mortality with sensitivity of 100% and speciﬁcity of 92.2% with cutoff value of 7.5. Similarly, mean duration of hospital stay of patients having CTS ≥5 was 6.57 days more than patients having CTS <5.
CONCLUSION Chest Trauma Score is a good predictor of outcome in patient with blunt chest trauma.
Prevalence of Triticeous Cartilage: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pandit Ruku , Yadav Pranav Kumar , Manjappa T  , Sharma Nitasha
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION Triticeous cartilage is a small cartilage resembling a wheat grain, embedded in the lateral thyrohyoid ligament. It is believed to support thyrohyoid ligaments by adding strength to it. The aim of the study is to ﬁnd out the prevalence of triticeous cartilage in cadavers.
MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy of College of Medical Sciences from February to October 2021 after taking an ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Ref. No. COMSTH-IRC/2021-58). Thirty laryngeal preparations from formalin embalbed cadavers of both sexes were obtained. Presence or absence of triticeous cartilage was noted in the lateral thyrohyoid ligament.
RESULTS In the present study, triticeous cartilage was observed in 30% of cadavers. The occurrence of triticeous cartilage in male was 23.33% and that in female was 6.67%. Of nine cadavers with triticeous cartilage, three (10%) had unilateral triticeous cartilage while six (20%) had bilateral triticeous cartilage. Among unilateral triticeous cartilage, all three were present on the left side.
CONCLUSION The prevalence of triticeous cartilage is quite variable. The clinician must consider the existence of triticeous cartilage while making differential diagnosis of neck pathologies like the calciﬁc deposits in the soft tissue of neck, carotid atheroma and fracture of superior cornu of thyroid cartilage.
Study of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection among MBBS Preclinical Students in UCMS, Nepal
Authors: Srivastava Suman Lata
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION Knowledge, attitude and behavior of a medical professional play an important role in the quality of care that an HIV/AIDS positive person receives and in shaping their attitude towards the disease. Thus, it is important that medical students, who would be treating such persons in near future, have the appropriate knowledge and attitudes. This study explores both these factors among pre-clinical medical students in Nepal.
MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out among 200 ﬁrst and second year MBBS students at Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Nepal. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire was used to evaluate respondents’ knowledge towards of HIV causes and transmission and their attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and people living with it.
RESULTS Knowledge among respondents was high overall and showed an improvement from ﬁrst to second year. Some improvement areas regarding transmission from lactating mother to infant, transmission via sweat, kissing etc and infant’s BCG vaccination management were found. Respondent’s attitudes too were generally positive but with some signiﬁcant stigmatizing notions such as isolation and entry bans of HIV positive people.
CONCLUSION Knowledge of pre-clinical MBBS students is generally high though there are some improvement areas in HIV transmission. The attitude too is positive overall with a small minority holding stigmatizing views. Progression from ﬁrst to second year has a positive impact on both knowledge and attitudes.
Perception towards Online MCQ Test for MBBS and BDS Students’ As an Assessment Method during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rajeshwar Reddy Kasarla  , Naziya Khatoon  , Chet Kant Bhusal  , Nitasha Sharma  , Snigdha Shubham  , Laxmi Pathak
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION Universal College of Medical Sciences, Nepal conducted online multiple choice question test as a formative assessment method during COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the MBBS and BDS students’ perception towards online assessment test conducted during COVID-19 lock down period.
MATERIAL AND METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on medical and dental students by administering online Google Forms questionnaire among 1st year and 2nd year MBBS and BDS students at Universal College of Medical Sciences, and College of Dental Surgery, during 2 October, 2021 to 30 December, 2021. General information proforma that elicits the socio-demography and a questionnaire on the lines of Likert’s summated rating scale to assess the perception of MBBS and BDS students towards online assessment test was constructed. The collected data were entered into Microsoft excel and exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. Simple frequency tables, cross tables and standard deviation have been used to analyze data.
RESULTS The overall mean and standard deviation for medical students’ perception of online assessments were 3.17 ± 0.65, respectively. Dental students’ perception of online assessment tests had an overall mean and standard deviation of 3.31 ± 0.77, respectively. There was no signiﬁcant difference in mean perception score towards online assessment test between the MBBS and BDS students (p value 0.1401). The results indicate that both medical and dental students were satisﬁed with online assessment tests.
CONCLUSION Online assessment tests were well received by both MBBS and BDS students. The online assessment tests enhance student learning by allowing immediate feedback. Online tests should be conducted in MBBS and BDS colleges on a regular basis.
Global Positioning System and Strengthening of Geodetic Network of Nepal
Authors: Adhikary Krishna Raj , Mahara Shree Prakash
Published: January 2023

Nepal is a country of mountains The higher order geodetic points were mostly established on the top of mountains and these points were used for the geodetic network extension. Lower order geodetic control networks were established at different times and used for the surveying and mapping activities of the country. It has been found that the rate of convergence between north and south borders of Nepal to be 21±2 mm each year and the rate translation of Kathmandu to 55±3 mm/year to the plates. The most intense deformation in Nepal occurs along the belt of high mountains along its northern border resulting in a strain contraction rate normal to the Himalayan Arc. This belt is approximately 40 km wide and extends into southern Tibet.( 13). Recently Survey Department of Nepal has lunched a program of strengthening the existing geodetic network of Nepal and re-observed the position of higher order geodetic points by using geodetic GPS receivers to evaluate their position and thus to define the precision of the control points once again. This paper describes the observation procedure and the adjustment results of the existing higher order control network of Nepal established in different time using different types of equipment and techniques; and highlights the observation procedure and the result obtained after the post processing of the GPS observation results. Attempt has been made to give the procedure and identify the methodology for the re observation of existing higher order geodetic points by using GPS receiver and post processing the observed data so that the existing higher order geodetic points are within the given accuracy standard.
RNA polymorphism of novel coronavirus or enigmas of SARS-CoV-2 two. ... Delta, …, Omicron ... Will be there enough letters of the Greek alphabet?
Authors: Chemeris D.A. , Mavzyutov A.R. , Zubov V.V. , Garafutdinov R.R. , Khalikova E.Yu. , Sakhabutdinova A.R. , Nikonorov Yu.M. , Chubukova O.V. , Maksimov I.V. , Alekseev Ya.I. , Gerasimov K.E. , Suponin D.A. , Baymiev An.Kh. , Kuluev B.R. , Baymiev Al.Kh. , Chemeris A.V.
Published: January 2023

A new coronavirus infection in two years of the pandemic led to the fact that the number of individual SARS-CoV-2 virions formed in patients and in asymptomatic carriers exceeded a sextillion (1021) and the law of the dialectic of the transition of quantity to quality in the form of RNA polymorphism of this quasispecies inevitably had to come into effect. At the same time, virions differing in nucleotide sequences may simultaneously be present in individuals. Most likely, the diversity of coronaviruses is growing due to people with weak immunity, in whom SARS-CoV-2 persists for a long time, undergoing mutations caused by both the action of vaccines and drugs, which eventually generates the appearance of dangerous variants of the virus that contribute to the emergence of pandemic waves. There are five such Variant of Concern of coronaviruses, to which the World Health Organization recommended assigning designations using letters of the Greek alphabet, so far – Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron, and the latter, having appeared quite recently, has already managed to practically displace all previous variants. Hypotheses trying to explain the unexpected appearance of an Omicron that has accumulated a very large number of mutations are considered. One of the most plausible versions is that it assumes the imperceptible evolution of this coronavirus, due to the fact that at first it did not pose any threat and did not come to the attention of specialists, but after one or two final mutations, it acquired a fundamentally different ability to multiply and massively infect people. There is no clear answer yet whether the letters of the Greek alphabet will be enough to designate new variants of SARS-CoV-2. But in any case, despite the escape of Omicron (and possibly new variants, including its derivatives) from protective antibodies, vaccination is the protection against COVID-19, since even without being able to resist the infection itself, they make it difficult for the virus to multiply inside the human body and thereby facilitate the course of the disease. However, it is necessary to create new vaccines taking into account mutated variants.
Mykola Grinchenko as a Musicologist-Folklorist (Based on Published Works)
Authors: Hnatiuk Larysa
Published: January 2023

The goal of the article is to characterize Mykola Hrinchenko as a historian of Ukrainian music, a researcher of the folk music; to analyze his “History of Ukrainian Music” (1922) and to identify the place of folklore related problems in it. The activity of M. Hrinchenko as a teacher, scientist, musical and public figure is characterized, its importance in the development of musical folkloristics is highlighted. An overview of the works of the early period of the scientist's creative life has been carried out, the formation of M. Hrinchenko's views on Ukrainian folk art has been traced. Characterizing the creativity of Ukrainian composers (M. Lysenko, K. Stetsenko, P. Kozytskyi), M. Hrinchenko focuses primarily on those achievements related to folklore sources. The scientist considers its genetic connection with the native culture to be a sign of the artistic value of a musical piece. The goal of Ukrainian music, according to M. Hrinchenko, is to reach the heights of world musical art and at the same time preserve its national roots.

The “History of Ukrainian Music” (Kyiv, 1922) has been analyzed and the importance of folk art as a mandatory component of music-historical work is outlined. The author's statement about the fundamental importance of musical folklore for the development of Ukrainian culture, which is unique and different from all other cultures of the world, is defined as the conceptual basis of the monograph. It is proven that M. Hrinchenko initiated certain traditions with his monograph, which are still followed by almost all authors of studies on the history of Ukrainian music. In particular, the presence of a section devoted to the history of folk musical art is mandatory. The periodization of the history of Ukrainian folk art from ancient times to the time of the creation of the book is considered: pre-Christian era, Christian (pre-Cossack), Cossack era, modern period. M. Hrinchenko sees Ukrainian musical culture as a component of the European one. The impact of his ideas on the development of Ukrainian historical musicology and folkloristics in subsequent periods is indicated.
Six-metre rhythms as a polyethnic melogeographic system (of rhythm-syllabic fragmentation in spring songs and fast sung verses of Ukrainians and Belarusians)
Authors: Klymenko Iryna
Published: January 2023

In the education of academic musicians, the 6-bar measure is not mentioned as an object worthy of special attention – from an early age children are taught to count mainly in 2-bar and 3-bar measures. School science is unaware of the fact that in the folk music of Ukrainians and Belarusians a significant number of works are "served" by the 6-bar meter, which is well suited for both moving dances and choruses, as well as for lyrical musical expressions.

Ethnomusicologists, analyzing thousands of archives of recordings of rural (indigenous) melodies of two neighboring ethnic groups, found huge arrays of songs based on the 6-meter monochronic model. The lion's share belongs to the wedding qi-class (more than 9 thousand), a smaller one – to the spring (1300). Both cycles created quantitatively and geographically powerful arrays of moths.

Vesnyanky densely occupied the expanses of Podillya and Pripyat Polissya (I. Klymenko. Atlas of ritual melodies of Ukrainians, vol. 2, map A19). Instead, among Belarusians they are found locally in the eastern zone.

Wedding songs formed a huge polyethnic macro-array that united Ukrainians and Belarusians (ibid., maps A46-47). 5700 wedding samples belong to tyradic forms, 3500 are strophic forms.

In other cycles 6-dole formulas are found only locally (winter, Kupala, harvest). In the lyrical layer its popularity is insignificant (for example, the Ukrainian story "I had one daughter"). Choruses in 6-measure are also known (well-known Ukrainian "Choboty", "Yakiv", Belarusian "Lyavonikha", "Kamarynska" and others).

The original rhythm formula is very simple (in conventional digital coding it is | 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ||, where 2 is equal to a quarter duration). But it gave a bunch of derivative variants, formed mainly in two ways - rhythmic-syllabic splitting of initial positions (| 1111¦2 2 2 2 || = V44 and other variants) and prolongation (lengthening) of individual positions, more often end positions (| 2 2 2 2 4 4 || and other less common variants).

The range of various forms developed within wedding songs is relatively well studied - several articles were published in a special issue of "Problems of Ethnomusicology-8" (2013). Instead, vesniankas derived from the 6-dole model are described only in some regional varieties (Podillia and Polissya) – therefore they became the main analytical object of the article (with musical illustrations). The chorus pieces of 6-bar base are also commented. The conclusions about the polystadiality of rhythmic modifications of the model, caused by the drumming algorithm in different genres and regions, are made. Correlations between verbal accents and the choice of rhythmic figures are observed.

The conclusions present a general genre picture of this typological group of melodies and outline the areas of their distribution, emphasize the prospects for in-depth study of ritual meloforms as arguments of the "archaeological type".
Odgoj za vrijednosti putem dječjega likovnoga stvaralaštva
Authors: Burai Renata , Šimrak Robert , Radoš Goran
Published: January 2023

Promicanje duhovnoga, moralnoga, društvenoga i kulturnoga razvoja mladih zadaća je koja se provodi putem odgojno–obrazovnih i drugih društvenih institucija. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je identificirati koje su vrijednosti učenici osnovnoškolskoga uzrasta iskazali svojim likovnim radovima objavljenima u zbornicima temeljem natječaja Susret dječjega duhovnoga, književnoga i likovnoga stvaralaštva “Stjepan Kranjčić” od 2012. do 2021. godine.
Simulating Ovariohysterectomy: What Type of Practice Promotes Short- and Long-Term Skills Retention?
Authors: Hunt Julie A. , Gilley Robert S. , Gilley Alexandra , Thompson R. Randall , Anderson Stacy L.
Published: January 2023

Simulation-based surgical training allows students to learn skills through deliberate practice without the patient risk and stress of operating on a live animal. This study sought to determine the ideal distribution of training sessions to improve short- and long-term retention of the skills necessary to perform a simulated ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Fourth-semester students ( n = 102) were enrolled. Students in the weekly instruction group ( n = 57) completed 10 hours of training on the OVH simulator, with sessions held at approximately weekly intervals. Students in the monthly instruction group ( n = 45) completed the same training with approximately monthly sessions. All students were assessed 1 week (short-term retention test) and 5 months following the last training session (long-term retention test). Students in the weekly instruction group scored higher on their short-term assessment than students in the monthly instruction group ( p < .001). However, students’ scores in the weekly instruction group underwent a significant decrease between their short- and long-term assessments ( p < .001), while the monthly group did not experience a decrease in scores ( p < .001). There was no difference in long-term assessment scores between weekly and monthly instruction groups. These findings suggest that if educators are seeking maximal performance at a single time point, scheduling instructional sessions on a weekly basis prior to that time would be superior to monthly sessions, but if educators are concerned with long-term retention of skills, scheduling sessions on either a weekly or monthly basis would accomplish that purpose.
Архетип жəне көркем шығармашылықтағы «түпсана»
Authors: Мирзахметов А.А.
Published: January 2023

Мақалада архетип ұғымы, оның идея ретінде туындап, ол туралы негізгі тенденциялар мен концепциялар жүйеленген. Архетип тарихи-мəдени жадымыздағы маңызды ұғымдардың бірегейі болып табылады. Бұл ұғымның терминдік сипатқа ие болып, ғылыми айналымға енуі белгілі швед ғалымы К.Г. Юнгтің есімімен байланыстырылады. Мақала авторы К.Г. Юнгке дейінгі пікірайтушылардың маңызды тұжырымдарына да назар аударып, ой қорытады. Антикалық философиядан бастау алған бұл ұғым əдетте Платон айтқан «эйдос» жайлы түсінігінен орын алғандығы сөз болады. Сондай-ақ Бл. Августиннің көзқарастарында кездесетіні айтылған. И. Кант, Г.В.Ф. Гегель, Ф.В.И. Шеллинг сынды ойшылдардың пікірі аталған зерттеушілер пікірімен үндес екендігі салыстырулар арқылы тұжырымдалған. ХХ ғасырдың ғылыми концепциясынан «архетипке» мағыналас Э.Дюркгейм мен Л. Леви-Брюлдің «ұжымдық ұғымын», Ф.Бастианның «қарапайым идеялар» немесе «алғашқы түсінік» тұжырымдары да мысалға алынған
Репрезентация концепта «Президентские выборы–2020» в англоязычных СМИ
Authors: Мартынова И.Н.
Published: January 2023

В статье рассмотрен концепт «Президентские выборы–2020» в англоязычных средствах массовой информации, зарегистрированных в разных странах мира. На основе анализа статей из корпуса английского языка NOW было проведено изучение лексической репрезентации данного концепта. Для исследования был отобран материал, опубликованный в краткий период с начала ноября 2020 по конец января 2021 года, включающий в себя наиболее драматические события непосредственно до и во время выборов, а также трагическую ситуацию, предшествовавшую инаугурации нового президентаСША. Особое внимание уделялось характеру выявленных лексем, их коннотациям, степени отражения в газетах и журналах сложных политических и социальных событий, сопровождавших предвыборную кампанию. Все выделенные лексические единицы сгруппированы в слоты, являющиеся составными частями концепта. Автор приходит к выводу, что тема президентских выборов в США стала одной из ключевых для многих стран в 2020 году, несмотря на глобальные проблемы, связанные с пандемией коронавируса нового типа. Абсолютное большинство лексем, представляющих концепт«Президентские выборы–2020», имеет негативное значение, что является следствием как непростой ситуации, сложившейся вокруг выборов, так и страхов, связанных с неопределённостью и непредсказуемостью данного политического события.
Historical backround of Turkizms in English language
Authors: Khamitova Sh.A. , Adilova A.S. , Olizko N.S.
Published: January 2023

The article considers the most important indicators of the adaptation of Turkic borrowings in English and their allocation in different English dictionaries (explanatory, etymological, phraselogical), as well as their use in various works of fiction. Linguistic contacts manifest themselves in the interaction of linguistic, cultural and historical factors and represent an essential process in intercultural communication. Turkic lexical elements actively used in various languages as a language mechanism require special attention. The article generalizes the results of comparison of different languages, and shows that borrowing is a universal fact of language, the linguistic essence of which allows to determine the absolute or relative chronology of their entry into the system of different languages. Turkisms closely related to the lexico-semantic system of the recipient language expand the body of language units of English and other languages, indicating the paths of penetration and the degree of adaptation. This takes into account the patterns of lexical and phonetic potential of the language. Turkic borrowings include not only Turkic words, but also lexical elements of Arabic, Mongolian, Persian, Tatar, Uzbek and Kazakh origin, which have penetrated English through many Turkic languages and have been reflected in English lexicographic sources. Turkism thus refers to words included in English from Turkic languages or through Turkic languages regardless of the source of the mutual relationship, i.e., words having a Turkic stage in their history.
Қазақ өтірік өлеңдерінің құрылымдық қызметі
Authors: Шахина С.Ж.
Published: January 2023

Мақалада қазақ халық поэзиясының бір түрі өтірік өлеңдердің поэтикасы қысқаша мағынада қарастырылды. Жанрлық атауына байланысты зерттеуші ғалымдар шолу түрінде ғана атап өтіп, ғылыми ой-пікірлер білдіргені болмаса, өтірік өлеңдер арнайы қарастырылған емес. Осы мəселеде қазақ халқының бірде айтылып, көбінесе ғылыми тұрғыдан зерттеуді қажет ететін өтірік өлеңдердің де табиғатын түсініп, тілдік тұрғыдан талдаудың маңызы зор. Ата-бабаларымыздың аманаты ретінде бізге жеткен өтірік өлеңдердің негізінде азаттық, бостандық ұғымдары көтеріледі. Оның сырын өтірік өлеңдердің тіліне терең үңіліп, өнердегі жəне өмірдегі атқарып тұратын қызметін түсіну арқылы көз жеткізуге болады. Өтірік өлеңдердегі айтылатын сын, əзіл–қалжыңның астарында қоғамға деген таным-түсініктің жатқаны оның поэтикасынан байқалады. Өтірік өлеңдердің құрылымынан ерекше көрінетін ажарлаудың үлгілері эпитет, теңеу, дыбыстық қайталаулардың басым екендігін аңғаруғаболады. Ал өлең құрылымының буындық өлшемдері көбінесе он бір буынды қара өлең, балалардың өтірік өлеңдері жеті-сегіз буынды аралас ұйқастармен ерекшеленеді. Бұны өтірік өлеңдердің табиғи болмысын танытатын өзгешелік десе де болғандай. Шапшаң ойлау мен тапқырлықты өнеге тұтқан халқымыз сөз өнерінің бір түрі ретінде оны орынды қолдана алған.
Теория травмы и нарратив
Authors: Мустояпова A.T.
Published: January 2023

В статье изложена одна из новейших междисциплинарных критических теорий — теория травмы. Автор, акцентируя внимание на понятии травмы, говорит о нем как предмете исследования, способах ее выражения и преодоления посредством создания нарративов. Краткий обзор литературы позволяет определить степень разработанности теории травмы в литературоведении и основные направления исследований. В качестве примера использования теории травмы как критического подхода при анализе художественного произведения избран роман лауреата Нобелевской премии 1993 г. Тони Моррисон «Возлюбленная». При рассмотрении текста особое внимание уделено способам выражения травматического опыта главной героини. Значимость теории травмы определена тем, что она актуальна и применима не только для литературоведческого анализа и литературной критики, но и для исследований индивидуальной и коллективной травмы в социологии, психологии, а также в области междисциплинарных исследований.
The author's conception on a historical personality in Nurlan Sanzhar's novel «The Unexpected Guest – Jochi»
Authors: Bazylova B.K. , Dautova S.B.
Published: January 2023

This article examines the author's conception on the historical personality. The material of the research is the novel «The Unexpected Guest – Jochi» by the modern Kazakh writer Nurlan Sanzhar. Moreover, the image of a historical character, given by the author from the perspective of a modern person, was also analyzed. It can be noted that the writer was able to show his era, the nature of that society through the image of a historical character. The plot of the novel is centered at the historical time and focuses on the images of people of that time. These images are caused by the very course of history, they are shown vividly and convincingly through the fate of Turkic women, their children, brought up in the traditions of the steppe life. And these people express the idea of their time and environment. Particular attention is paid to the author's skill in revealing the character of a historical person. For this purpose, the writer has studied history, social relations, the circumstances that influenced the formation of the character of the central image of Jochi. Through the individual fate of Jochi, his mother and grandmother the author shows a difficult period in the history of theKazakh steppe in times of tragedy.
Этнопоэтиканың теориялық аспектілері
Authors: Абдикадирова А.Ж. , Жұмағұл С.Б.
Published: January 2023

Мақалада этнопоэтиканың теориялық аспектілері туралы сөз болады. Əдебиеттану, лингвистика, мəдениеттану, лингвопоэтика сияқты бірнеше ғылымдардың тоғысында пайда болған поэтиканың бір саласы — этнопоэтиканың ерекшелігі ғылыми тұрғыда талданған. «Этнопоэтика» терминінің шығу тегі мен Д. Ротенберг, Д. Тедлок, Д. Хаймс, В.Н. Захаров, Г.Д. Гачев, З.П. Табакова жəне т.б. ғалымдардың еңбектері қарастырылған. Этнопоэтиканың ғылыми бағыт ретінде қалыптасуының негізгі кезеңдері мен зерттелу тарихы айтылады. Көркем туындыда ұлттық болмысты танытуда бұл сала ерекше рөл атқарады, сол себепті де этнопоэтика ғылымы өзінің өзектілігін көрсетеді. Сонымен қатар қазіргі этнопоэтиканың проблемалық-əдіснамалық бағыты зерделенген. Қазіргі этнопоэтика саласының негізгі параметрлері анықталып, этнопоэтиканың ғылымның кейбір салаларымен байланысы сараланған. Атап айтар болсақ, оның имагология, діни филология сияқты ішкі бөлімдермен байланысы туралы талданған. Мақалада авторлар этнопоэтиканың əдебиеттану ғылымында алатын орнын көрсетуге тырысқан.
Philosophical aspects of the development of linguistic reflection of the individual
Authors: Toktanova А.К. , Dzhakipbekova M.T. , Erkhozhina Sh.L.
Published: January 2023

The article discusses the philosophical aspects of the development of linguistic reflection of the individual. The relevance of the article lies in the philosophical study of the current state of reflection, based on the scientific views of philosophers and scientists of different centuries, the transfer of the cultural heritage and traditions of the Kazakh people from generation to generation, the development of linguistic reflection. The novelty of the research is the creation of a model for the development of linguistic reflection by promoting the traditions of the people. In identifying the main ideas modeling methods were used by analogy. The study used methods of induction, deduction, generalization, analogy, modeling. As a result of the research, the author proposed the idea «Make reflection by promoting your traditions», based on the principle of Aristotle «Know yourself with the help of a friend». Taking into account the huge role of Kazakh traditions in the upbringing of the younger generation through spiritual and moral values, a new philosophical module was developed for the development of linguistic reflection of the individual.