bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TROUBLESHOOTING AND TACKLING THE COMMON PROBLEMS IN VAT PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION AND FDM 3D PRINTING
Authors: KORTELAİNEN Joonas , LEİNO Mirka , LEHTİNEN Tommi
Published: August 2021

The importance of 3D printing as a builder of the digital future is growing all the time. When it comes to the digital future, one clear goal is that, for example, spare parts are no longer necessarily shipped from factories around the world, but are 3D printed using a digital model of the spare part purchased from the manufacturer. Using 3D printers for replacement printing or home use is relatively simple. However, with 3D printers, you come across a wide variety of situations that require fault detection, troubleshooting, and general adjustment.

This article highlights the most common problems with 3D printers. The technologies chosen for this study are Vat Photopolymerization and FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) printing technologies because they are very common techniques for spare parts printing and home use. This study was conducted in concrete way, experimenting and producing problems intentionally, then solving them with solutions and techniques, which are common and gained through experience.

As a result, this article is written as a guide to the most common problems with these chosen technologies. Solutions to the problems are showcased in simple and effective steps. After all, this study showed well the diversity of problem situations in 3D printing as well as the need for concrete expertise in troubleshooting solutions. The problems faced and tackled in this study were the most common ones but there can exist other problems too.
The relationship between pharmacy licensing policies on clinical training (CT) and success rates for international pharmacists (IPs) within Canada, United Kingdom, and the United States: A comparative policy analysis
Authors: Al-Azzawi Amad
Published: August 2021

Introduction: In October 2018, the Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada released a report showing that only 41.1% of international pharmacists pass the Pharmacy Qualifying Examination, compared to 91% of Canadian graduates. When compared to the United Kingdom and United States, Canada has the lowest success rates for the integration of international pharmacists. 
Aim: This study aims to address two questions: What are the professional pharmacy policies governing the clinical training resources for international pharmacists within their host country? What can Canada learn from other Western countries to facilitate the integration of international pharmacists? 
Method: A comparative policy analysis was used to draw comparisons between Canada’s regulatory policies governing the pharmacy license to other similar models in the United Kingdom and United States. 
Results: Upon examining current integration systems in these countries, differences in training period requirements and competencies became apparent. Therefore, the findings suggest that Canadian stakeholders can learn from other models’ legislation, structure, and clinical outcome prospects.
Competency assessors’ cognitive map of practice when assessing practice based encounters
Authors: Reddy Madhuriksha , Davidson Jared , Dillon Carla , Wilby Kyle John
Published: August 2021

Introduction: There is growing evidence that inconsistencies exist in how competencies are conceptualised and assessed. 
Aim: This study aimed to determine the reliability of pharmacist assessors when observing practice-based encounters and to compare and contrast assessors’ cognitive map of practice with the guiding competency framework. 
Methods: This was a qualitative study with verbal protocol analysis. A total of 25 assessors were recruited to score and verbalise their assessments for three videos depicting practice-based encounters. Verbalisations were coded according to the professional competency framework. 
Results: Protocols from 24 participants were included. Interrater reliability of scoring was excellent. Greater than 75% of assessment verbalisations were focused on 3 of the 27 competencies: communicate effectively, consults with the patient, and provide patient counselling. 
Conclusion: Findings support the notion that assessment completed within practice could be largely informed by a single component of the interaction or more specifically, what ‘catches the eye’ of the assessor.
Foliar application of micronutrients enhances growth, flowering, minerals absorption and postharvest life of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) in calcareous soil
Authors: Mudassir Sana , Ahmad Riaz , Anjum Muhammad Akbar
Published: August 2021

Micronutrients applications are effective for better crop production in calcareous soils because these soils are usually deficit in iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and boron (B). In Pakistan, most of soils are calcareous in nature. When tuberose is grown in such soils as a cut flower, its production is negatively affected. Therefore, a study was aimed to evaluate the effects of micronutrients as foliar sprays on cut tuberose production in calcareous soil. Micronutrients (Fe, Zn and B) alone and in combinations were sprayed on the plants after 60, 90 and 120 days of planting. The mixture of all these three micronutrients increased the plant height (95.77 cm), chlorophyll content (38.13 SPAD), number of leaves (79.63), leaf length (44.73 cm), fresh (111.64 g) and dry (16.16 g) plant weights, root length (15.13 cm), number of stalks (3.73), stalk length (79.03 cm), spike length (22 cm), number of florets (51.67), floret fresh weight (11.85 g), leaf Zn concentration (53.6 mg/g) and vase life (8.4 days). Fe + Zn enhanced the number of leaves (76.60), leaf length (45.83 cm), root length (15.05 cm), spike length (22.33 cm), and leaf Fe (128.18 mg/g) and Zn concentrations (55.02 mg/g). The Fe spray increased the leaf length (44.10 cm), days to flower initiation (142.47 days) and leaf Fe concentration (130.75 mg/g) in tuberose plants. Application of Zn improved the leaf length (45.87 cm) and diameter (1.32 cm), root (15.03 cm), spike (21.77 cm) and floret lengths (4.74 cm), floret dry weight (1.49 g) and leaf Zn concentration (57.5 mg/g). Foliar spray of B increased the B concentration (21.1 mg/g) in tuberose leaves. It is concluded that foliar application of micronutrients alone and in combinations improved the plant growth, flowering, leaf minerals concentrations and vase life of tuberose spikes. However, mixture of Fe, Zn and B was more effective as compared to other treatments. Moreover, current study encourages the foliar application of micronutrients in tuberose when grown in calcareous soils.
Pre-Harvest Oxalic Acid Application Improves Fruit Size at Harvest, Physico-Chemical and Sensory Attributes of ‘Red Flesh’ Apricot During Fruit Ripening
Authors: Ahmed Munir , Ullah Sami , Razzaq Kashif , Rajwana Ishtiaq Ahmad , Akhtar Gulzar , Naz Ambreen , Amin Muhammad , Khalid Muhammad Shafique , Khalid Samina
Published: August 2021

Apricot is a highly nutritive stone fruit which ripens quickly after harvest and exhibits rapid fruit quality deterioration at ambient conditions. The current research work was executed to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest application of oxalic acid (OA); (0, 0.5, 1, and 2mM) on fruit quality of ‘Red Flesh’ apricot during fruit ripening at shelf under ambient conditions (25±1 °C; 60-65% RH). Fruit size, average fruit weight, fruit juice percentage was determined at harvest. While, fruit weight loss, fruit colour, fruit firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solid contents (SSC), ratio of SSC to TA, ascorbic acid, total phenolics content (TPC), anti-oxidative scavenging activity (ASA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) enzymes activity were determined during fruit ripening. Fruit sensory attributes (fruit pulp colour, fruit taste, fruit flavour and overall acceptability were determined at fruit ripening. Pre-harvest application of 2mM-OA was found the most effective in improving fruit size, average fruit weight, juice percentage at harvest, about 5%, 6% and 15% higher than control, respectively. Additionally, pre-harvest application of 2mM-OA retained higher fruit firmness, ascorbic acid, TPC, ASA and activities of POD, CAT enzymes in apricot fruit during fruit ripening at ambient conditions. On day-5 of fruit ripening 2mM-OA-treated apricot fruit exhibited about 28%, 20%, 17%, 7%, 9% and 23% higher fruit firmness, ascorbic acid, TPC, ASA and activities of POD, CAT enzymes, respectively as compared to control. Moreover, significant lower fruit weight loss (35%), SSC (20%) and SSC:TA ratio (30%) were exhibited by the apricot fruit treated with 2mM-OA than unsprayed apricot fruit. However, fruit treated with 1 mM-OA exhibited better fruit sensory attributes compared to other treatments at fruit ripening. Conclusively, pre-harvest application of 2 mM-OA improved the fruit size, delayed fruit ripening, and retained higher fruit antioxidants of apricot at ambient conditions.
Effect of oxalic acid on vase life and antioxidative activities of ‘Mero Star’ cut lily flowers
Authors: Anwar Hafiz Farooq , Shah Hafiz Muhammad Shoaib , Waheed Abdul , Butt Mudassar Anwar , Zafar-ul-Qasim Hafiz , Bari Asim
Published: August 2021

Lily (Lilium L. hybrids) is sub-tropical cut flower that can be grown in open place or in green house and has consumer demand in local as well as in offshore markets. Short vase life, postharvest decay of flowering petals, activities of oxidative enzymes, malondialdehyde contents, electrolyte leakage and low water ratio are the main problems in marketing of cut lilies. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of oxalic acid (OA) treatments on vase life (12 days) and postharvest quality of ‘Mero Star’ cut lily flowers. The flowering stems were placed in 2, 4 and 6% aqueous solution of OA for 12 days at 20±2 °C with 70±5% relative humidity. Flowers placed in 6% OA solution exhibited longest vase life and flower diameter with higher relative water content and increased fresh weight and reduced flower decay. Reduced malondialdehyde contents and electrolyte leakage with higher activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes were also noted in 6% OA-treated flowers. In conclusion, exogenous postharvest application of 6% OA extended vase life and maintained postharvest quality of cut flowers by reducing electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde contents with higher antioxidative enzymes activities.
TİCARET UNVANININ TÜRK TİCARET KANUNU’NA VE SINAI MULKIYET KANUNU’NUN MARKA HÜKÜMLERİNE GÖRE KORUNMASI
Authors: DURCEYLAN Muhammet Mekin
Published: August 2021

Ticaret unvanı, tacirin işletmesine ilişkin işlemlerini yürütürken kullandığı addır. Ticaret unvanı temel olarak taciri tanıtma ve diğer tacirlerden ayırma işini görmektedir. Ticaret unvanının, işletme ve tacir için maddi ve manevi değeri bulunmaktadır. Ticaret unvanının önemi sebebiyle korunması büyük önem arz etmektedir. Nitekim üçüncü kişiler tacirin unvanından haksız olarak yararlanmak isteyebilir. O halde tacirin ticaret unvanını hangi yasal yollarla koruyacağını bilmesi önem arz eder. Ticaret unvanı ve marka farklı kavramlar olsa da iki kavram arasında fonksiyonel benzerlikler bulunmaktadır. Bu benzerlik nedeniyle iki işaret arasında hak ihlalleri ve tecavüzler yaşanabilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada kısaca ticaret unvanı ve marka kavramları üzerinde durulmuş ve ticaret unvanının korunması Türk Ticaret Kanunu ve Sınai Mülkiyet Kanunu kapsamında incelenmiştir.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ticaret unvanının benzer kavramlarla ilişkisini açıklamak ve ticaret unvanının korunması bakımından TTK ve SMK’nın ilgili hükümlerini incelemektir.

Yöntem: Literatür araştırması yöntemine dayanan bu çalışma, veritabanları ve yazılı kaynakların taraması yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Ticaret unvanı işletmeler açısından önemli bir değer olup ihlallerle karşılaşabilmektedir. 6102 sayılı TTK ile ticaret unvanını koruma imkânları arttırılmıştır. Öte yandan ticaret unvanının, marka ile benzerliği sebebiyle bu iki işaret arasında sıkça ihtilaflar yaşandığı görülmüştür. SMK’da ticaret unvanının korunması ve ihtilafların çözümü bakımından bir takım düzenlemeler içermektedir.

Özgünlük: Bu çalışmanın özgün yanı, ticaret unvanının korunmasına ilişkin düzenlemelerin, yeni mevzuat ve güncel yargı kararları ele alınarak incelenmesidir. Doktrin görüşlerine de yer verilerek güncel gelişmeler ve uygulamada yaşanan sıkıntılar irdelenmiştir.
Sürdürülebilir Şirketler ve Hukuki Çerçevesi
Authors: KANDEMİR Hatice Kübra
Published: August 2021

Sürdürülebilirlik, ekonomik devamlılığının yanı sıra şirketlerin toplumdaki yeri ve etkilerinin belirlenmesi ve anlaşılması açısından da önemli bir yere sahiptir. ‘Negatif dışsallıklar’ olarak ifade edilen sürdürülebilir olmayan pek çok faaliyetin kaynağı, şirketlerin ekonomik faaliyetleri yoluyla ortaya çıkmaktadır. Peki şirketlerin faaliyetlerinin sürdürülebilir amaçlarla örtüşmesinde yasal düzenlemeler nerede duruyor? Bu çalışmada, kamu hukuku ve özel hukuk alanındaki düzenlemelerin sürdürülebilir şirketlere yaklaşımının farklılık gösterdiği savunulmuştur. Diğer yandan, şirketlerin uyum göstermesi gönüllülük esasına bağlı olan yumuşak hukuk kuralları, sürdürülebilirliği teşvik eden ilkelere yer verse de bu hukuki yöntemlerin geleneksel hukuka göre bağlayıcılığının zayıf olmasının en büyük eksiklik olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Bu çalışmada ayrıca, şirketlerin sürdürülebilirlik prensibini benimsemeleri için katı hukuk kurallarının gerekli olup olmadığına ilişkin bir değerlendirmeye yer verilmiştir.

Amaç: Bu makalenin amacı, ‘sürdürülebilir şirketler’ ve ‘sosyal sorumlu şirketler’ kavramlarının şirketler hukuku alanındaki yerini saptamak ve bu kavramların hukuki çerçevesini ortaya koymaktır.

Yöntem: Çalışma kapsamında, sürdürülebilirlik konusunda mevcut yasal düzenlemelere yer verilmiş ve bu hukuki düzenlemeler kamu hukuku - özel hukuk ayrımı altında incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, sürdürülebilir şirketler kapsamında uluslararası standartlar ve kurumsal yönetim ilkelerinde yer alan düzenlemeler yumuşak hukuk kuralları altında ele alınmıştır.

Bulgular: Sürdürülebilirlik kapsamında kamu hukukunda yasaklayıcı ve teşvik edici birtakım düzenlemelere yer verilmesine rağmen sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları doğrultusunda bu düzenlemeler tek başına yetersiz görülmektedir. Öte yandan, şirketler hukuku düzenlemeleri, şirketleri sosyal veya çevresel açıdan sorumlu davranmaya zorlayan veya teşvik eden hiçbir hüküm öngörmemiştir. Dolayısıyla, katı hukuk kurallarında sürdürülebilir amaçlar ile ilgili şirket yöneticilerinin sorumluluğuna yer verilmediği söylenebilir. Sürdürülebilirlik anlayışının, kurumsal yönetim kodlarında uyulması zorunlu olmayan ilkeler altında ve uluslararası kılavuzlarda yer aldığı görülmüştür. Bu tür düzenlemeler her ne kadar şirketleri sürdürülebilir faaliyette bulunmaya teşvik edici düzenlemeler olsa da hukuki yaptırım gücünden yoksun olmaları nedeniyle tek başına yetersiz kaldığı görülmüş ve bu alanda katı hukuk kurallarının gerekliliği sorgulanmıştır.

Özgünlük: Bu çalışmada sürdürülebilirlik kavramı, şirketler hukuku boyutu ile hukuki bir çerçeveye oturtulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, şirketlerin sürdürülebilirlik ile ilgili özen yükümlülüğü, Türkiye’deki yasal görünüm ışığında değerlendirilmiş ayrıca Avrupa Birliği’ndeki sürdürülebilirlik sorumluluğu ile ilgili öne çıkan gelişmelere de yer verilmiştir.
BOŞANMA SEBEBİNDE TERDİT
Authors: TEKÇE BARUT Fatma Nur
Published: August 2021

Davacının aynı davalıya karşı aynı dava dilekçesinde birden fazla talebini aslîlik-ferîlik ilişkisi içerisinde ileri sürdüğü dava “terditli dava” olarak tanımlanmaktadır.

Amaç: Talepler arasında aslî ve ferî olarak bir sınıflandırılma yapılabilmesi için aralarında hukukî veya ekonomik bir bağlantı olması gerekir. Bu tanım çerçevesinde özellikle davanın esaslı unsurlarından olan davanın sebebi kavramını açıklamaya yarayan teoriler ele alınarak bir değerlendirme yapılarak terditli davanın kapsamı belirlenmelidir. Çünkü HMK madde 111’deki ifade şekli terditli davanın sadece talep sonucu bakımından geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir.

Yöntem: Dava sebebi kavramı ve terditli dava kavramları arasındaki ilişki, terdit ilişkisi, ilmî içtihatlara konu olan uyuşmazlıklardaki çözüm şekli bakımından bir inceleme yapılmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu nedenle öncelikle dava sebebi açıklanmalıdır. Dava sebebini açıklayan teoriler, boşanma sebeplerinin terditli olarak ileri sürülüp sürülmemesi noktasında da yol gösterici olacaktır. Türk Medenî Kanunu’nda düzenlenen özel ve genel boşanma sebeplerinin birlikte aslîlik- ferîlik ilişkisi içerisinde ileri sürülmesi o davayı terditli dava olarak nitelendirmek için kâfi bir gerekçe olup olmadığı tartışılmalıdır.

Bulgular: Özellikle Yargıtay 2. Hukuk Dairesi’nin özel ve genel boşanma sebeplerinin birarada aslîlik-ferîlik ilişkisi içerisinde ileri sürülmesini terditli dava olarak tespit eden içtihatları değerlendirildiğinde hukukî sebepte kurulan terdit ilişkisi terditli dava olarak nitelendirildiği görülmektedir.

Özgünlük: Yargıtay 2. Hukuk Dairesi özel ve genel boşanma sebepleri arasında terdit ilişkisi kurarak terditli dava olarak nitelendirdiği kararlar hukukî sebep bakımından terditli davanın mümkün olabildiğini göstermektedir. Ancak dava sebebini açıklayan teoriler ele alındığında da hukukî sebepte kurulan terdit ilişkisinin terditli dava olarak tanımlanıp tanımlanamayacağı belirlenmelidir.
SÖZLEŞMEYE KATILMA ANLAŞMASINDA ŞEKİL VE ŞEKLE AYKIRILIĞIN YAPTIRIMI
Authors: CAMCI Sinem , ŞEKER Muzaffer
Published: August 2021

818 sayılı eski Borçlar Kanunu’nda sözleşme özgürlüğü ilkesi kapsamında yapılabilen sözleşmeye katılma, 6098 sayılı Türk Borçlar Kanunu md. 206’da hüküm altına alınmış ve böylece mevcut sözleşme ilişkisine yabancı üçüncü bir kişinin hangi şartlarla bu sözleşme ilişkisine dahil olacağına ilişkin kurallar somut hale gelmiştir. Katılmaya konu mevcut sözleşme tarafları ile katılan arasında yapılan ve katılanın, yanında yer aldığı tarafla birlikte, onun hak ve borçlarına sahip olması sonucunu doğuran üç taraflı, kendine özgü (sui generis) bir anlaşma olan sözleşmeye katılma, şekil serbestliğinin kural olduğu sözleşmeler hukukunda bu serbestliğin tanınmadığı; geçerliliği için belli bir şekle uymanın zorunlu olduğu anlaşmalardan biridir. Nitekim Türk Borçlar Kanunu, kuruluşu itibariyle fer’i nitelik gösteren sözleşmeye katılma anlaşmasının geçerliliğini, bu anlaşmanın, katılımın gerçekleştiği mevcut sözleşmenin şekline uygun olarak yapılması şartına bağlı kılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türk Borçlar Kanunu md. 206’da düzenlenen sözleşmeye katılma anlaşmasının şekli ve bu şekle aykırılığın yaptırımı incelenmektedir.

Amaç: Çalışmada, 818 sayılı eski Borçlar Kanunu döneminde sözleşme özgürlüğü ilkesi kapsamında yapılan, 6098 sayılı Türk Borçlar Kanunu’nda ise md. 206’da üç fıkra halinde düzenlenerek isimli sözleşmeler arasına dahil olan sözleşmeye katılma anlaşmasının şekline ilişkin TBK md. 206/f.3 hükmünün ayrıntılı olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Çalışmada, sözleşmelerde şekil konusu genel olarak ele alınmış ve bu kapsamda, geçerlilik şekli ve ispat şekli hakkında ayrıntılı açıklama yapılmıştır. Daha sonra ise sözleşmeye katılma anlaşmasında şekil konusu ele alınmış ve şekle aykırı davranılması halinde, sözleşmeye katılma anlaşmasına uygulanacak geçersizlik yaptırımının hukuki niteliği incelenmiştir.

Bulgular: Sözleşmeye katılma anlaşmasının şekline ilişkin Türk Borçlar Kanunu md. 206/f.3 düzenlemesine göre, katılımın gerçekleşeceği mevcut sözleşmenin bir geçerlilik şekline tabi kılındığı hallerde, sözleşmeye katılma anlaşmasının da aynı şekilde yapılması gerekmekte ve bu hükmün varlığı, sözleşmeye katılma anlaşmasında şekle bağlılığın kural; şekil serbestliğinin ise istisna olduğunu göstermektedir.

Özgünlük: 6098 sayılı Türk Borçlar Kanunu ile hüküm altına alınan sözleşmeye katılma anlaşmasına ilişkin bir tane yüksek lisans tezi ve birkaç tane makale dışında bu konuda yapılmış bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışma, sözleşmeye katılma anlaşmasının şekli konusunda araştırma yapmak ve bilgi sahibi olmak isteyenler için özgün bir makaledir.
“MEPHİSTO” KARARI ÇERÇEVESİNDE POSTMORTAL DÖNEMDE KİŞİLİK HAKKININ KORUNMASININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: YILMAZ Çiğdem Mine
Published: August 2021

4721 sayılı Türk Medeni Kanunu’nun 28. Maddesi gereği “kişilik” gerçek kişiler için sağ ve tam doğmak koşulu ile ana rahmine düştüğü an başlar ve ölümle sona erer. Ancak ölüm sonrası kişilik haklarının devamı konusunda kanuni bir düzenleme bulunmamaktadır. Kişilik hakkı kapsamında korunan değerlerin ne zaman sona ereceği hususunda yabancı literatür ve yargı kararları farklılık arz etmektedir. Bu değerlerden özelikle “şeref ve haysiyete” yönelik saldırıların ölenin mi yoksa yakınlarının kişilik haklarına mı saldırı teşkil ettiği hususunda tartışmalar mevcuttur. Alman Federal Mahkemesi, Bundesgerichtshof’un (BGH) incelemeye değer teşkil eden BGH, Urt. V. 20.3.1968, I ZR 44/46 sayılı kararında bu husus ele alınmıştır. Yüksek Mahkeme, kişilik haklarının dokunulmazlığının kişi hayatta iken tam anlamıyla yaşanabilmesi ve anlam kazanabilmesi için, kişinin o öldükten sonra da kendi onuruna karşı yapılacak kabaca saldırılara karşı korunacağı inancını taşıyabilmesi ve bu beklentiye sahip olabilmesi ile mümkün olacağını ifade etmiştir. Öte yandan bu kararla “hukukun güvenilirliği” ilkesinin de merhum kişinin haklarının, özel bir yetkilendirme olmasa dahi, üçüncü kişiler tarafından ileri sürülmesine mani olmayacağını ifade ederek postmortal dönemde kişilik haklarının korunmasını en üst düzeyde sağlanmıştır

Amaç: Çalışmada kişilik hakkının ölüm sonrası dönemde korunmasının kimler tarafından, hangi hukuki çerçevede yapılabileceği saptanmak istenmiştir.

Yöntem: Çalışmada, örnek niteliğinde olan BGH. Kararı incelenmiş, ilk derece ve istinaf mahkemesinin gerekçelerinden yola çıkılmıştır.

Bulgular: Kişilik haklarının dokunulmazlığının kişi hayatta iken tam anlamıyla yaşanabilmesi ve anlam kazanabilmesi için, kişinin o öldükten sonra da kendi onuruna karşı yapılacak kabaca saldırılara karşı korunacağı inancını taşıyabilmesi ve bu beklentiye sahip olabilmesi ile mümkün olacağı tespit edilmiştir.

Özgünlük: Bu çalışma ile “hukukun güvenilirliği” ilkesinin de merhum kişinin haklarının, özel bir yetkilendirme olmasa dahi, üçüncü kişiler tarafından ileri sürülmesine mani olmayacağını ifade ederek postmortal dönemde kişilik haklarının korunmasını en üst düzeyde sağlanmıştır.
Singapore’s COVID-19 “circuit breaker” interventions: A description of
individual-level adoptions of precautionary behaviours
Authors: Tan Aidan Lyanzhiang , Ng Sheryl Hui-Xian , Pereira Michelle Jessica
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Effectiveness of COVID-19 control interventions relies significantly on behavioural
modifications of its population. Differing adoption rates impacts subsequent COVID-19 control. Hence,
positive and sustained behavioural modification is essential for disease control. We describe the adoption
rates of behavioural modifications for Singapore’s “circuit-breaker” (CB), the national public health
response to the COVID-19 crisis, among the general population in the community.
Methods: We conducted an interrupted-time series study using retrospective secondary data. We
compared the proportion of Singaporeans who reported adopting specific behaviour modifications before,
during and after CB. Behaviours of interest were working from home, performing hand hygiene, using
face mask in public, and avoiding crowded areas. We compared change in incidence rates for community
COVID-19 cases among the general population across the same time periods.
Results: There was an increase in face mask usage (+46.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 34.9–58.8,
P<0.01) and working from home (+20.4%, 95% CI 11.7–29.2, P<0.01) during CB than before CB
in Singapore. Other self-reported behaviours showed no statistically significant difference. Change in
daily incidence rates of community COVID-19 cases decreased from additional 0.73 daily case before
CB to 0.55 fewer case per day during CB (P<0.01). There was no significant difference among all
behaviour adoption rates after CB. Daily incidence of community cases continued to decrease by 0.11
case daily after CB.
Conclusion: Community incidence of COVID-19 in Singapore decreased during CB and remained low
after CB. Use of face masks and social-distancing compliance through working from home increased
during CB. However, it is unlikely to influence other sources of COVID-19 such as imported cases or
within foreign worker dormitories.

Keywords: Behaviours, COVID-19, public health
The therapeutic dilemma of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis
Authors: Tang Ee Ling Serene , Ho Chi Shern Bernard , Chan Patrick Mun Yew , Chen Juliana Jia Chuan , Goh Mui Heng , Tan Ern Yu
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, benign, chronic breast condition that can cause repeated abscesses or mass formation in bilateral breasts. The condition can severely impact the quality of life of affected women. This study aims to evaluate effective treatment modalities, as well as understand the demographics and clinical presentation of patients with IGM. Methods: An 11-year retrospective review was performed of patients diagnosed with IGM from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018 at a tertiary breast unit. Results: A total of 77 patients were included in the study. The median age at presentation was 36 years old. IGM presented most commonly as a breast lump (98.1%). The median number of flares was 2 (1–12). Of the 77 patients, 68.8% (53) were treated with antibiotics, 50.6% (39) with steroids, and 44.2% (34) underwent surgery, in the course of their IGM treatment. Forty-five (59.2%) of the 76 patients with IGM required a multimodal treatment approach to achieve remission. There was no significant difference in the number of flares no matter the initial treatment (P=0.411), or subsequent treatment modality (P=0.343). Smokers had 10 times greater odds of having a “high flare” of IGM compared to those who did not smoke (P=0.031, odds ratio 10.444, 95% confidence interval 1.092–99.859). Conclusion: IGM is a clinical diagnosis. It is a rare, relapsing breast inflammatory condition that affects young females with no superior treatment modality. Smoking is associated with higher number of flares of IGM and should be discouraged in IGM patients Keywords: Breast inflammation, chronic mastitis, idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, recurrent breast abscess
Living with COVID-19: The road ahead
Authors: Wei Wycliffe Enli , Tan Wei Keat , Cook Alex Richard , Hsu Li Yang , Teo Yik Ying , Lee Vernon Jian Ming
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world for more than a year, with multiple waves of infections resulting in morbidity, mortality and disruption to the economy and society. Response measures employed to control it have generally been effective but are unlikely to be sustainable over the long term. Methods: We examined the evidence for a vaccine-driven COVID-19 exit strategy including academic papers, governmental reports and epidemiological data, and discuss the shift from the current pandemic footing to an endemic approach similar to influenza and other re spiratory infectious diseases. Results: A desired endemic state is characterised by a baseline prevalence of infections with a generally mild disease profile that can be sustainably managed by the healthcare system, together with the resumption of near normalcy in human activities. Such an endemic state is attainable for COVID-19 given the promising data around vaccine efficacy, although uncertainty remains around vaccine immunity escape in emergent variants of concern. Maintenance of non-pharmaceutical interventions remains crucial until high vaccination coverage is attained to avoid runaway outbreaks. It may also be worthwhile to de-escalate measures in phases, before standing down most measures for an endemic state. If a variant that substantially evades immunity emerges, it will need to be managed akin to a new disease threat, with pandemic preparedness and response plans. Conclusion: An endemic state for COVID-19, characterised by sustainable disease control measures, is likely attainable through vaccination. Keywords: COVID-19, endemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions, transition, vaccination
Determining the Relationship between Bangkokian’s Willingness to Receive COVID-19 Vaccination and their Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) towards the Contagion
Authors:   Patumwan Demonstration School, Sindhusen Pendhamma
Published: August 2021

In the age of COVID-19 where a lethal contagion is ubiquitous across the globe, vaccination is of supreme significance. Vaccines provide immunity to individuals, rendering them less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection or their symptoms less severe should they ultimately become infected. Vaccinating an adequate proportion of the population can majorly contribute to the achievement of herd immunity, consequently depressing the spread of the Coronavirus and ushering humanity towards eventual subjugation of the ongoing pandemic. Unfortunately, there are obstacles preventing such a roseate prospect from realization, one of which is vaccine hesitancy. Interestingly, past research in various regions around the world has associated this factor, partially, with the public’s knowledge and attitude concerning COVID-19, which could be measured by the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 scale. Such an association plausibly intimates that a public campaign shedding light on accurate information about the contagion might be of help in augmenting people’s willingness to receive vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Because circumstances inevitably varied from place to place, population to population, this study was undertaken to explore whether any similar association existed in Bangkok, Thailand, where the pandemic has been growing progressively worse, with the initial hypothesis that it did. However, results revealed that while there was indeed a statistically significant correlation between Bangkokians’ willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines and their KAP towards the contagion, the correlation was weak (r = 0.30). This evinces the need for a more thorough and farther-reaching study and, until such a study has been meaningfully concluded, the appropriacy of apposite agencies concentrating elsewhere in their efforts to vanquish vaccine hesitancy and accomplish herd immunity against COVID-19.
Collaboration between the Conscious and the Unconscious: A Jungian Analysis of the Negotiation Process
Authors:   Institute of Management, University of Neuchâtel, Rue A.-L. Breguet 2, CH – 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, Jagodzinska Prof. Dr. Kasia
Published: August 2021

The common approach to the negotiation process focuses on the external manifestation of the interaction between two parties who are trying to reach a satisfactory agreement. This view does not take into account the internal drivers of behavior of the involved parties. The externalized dynamic between the negotiators is only the secondary result of the interplay between the conscious and unconscious elements in the psyche of both parties. The condition of a long-lasting agreement is therefore a collaboration between the conscious and unconscious representation on the individual level. This article examines the transcendent function as a union between the conscious and the unconscious, specifically the ego and the self. It focuses on the tendencies of these two factors that can either hinder or make the transition of energy possible in view of reaching a successful manifested agreement. The study provides a straightforward reference that can be used by analysts and business professionals to help them understand what are the psychological aspects that affect the negotiation process, both on the individual and on the collective level.
Impact of Religiosity on Purchase of Beauty Products in Pakistan
Authors:   Institute of Business Administration (IBA), Karachi, Bilal Rimsha
Published: August 2021

Religion is an integral component of Pakistani culture with a growing impact that cannot be belittled by advertisers. The purpose of this study is to understand the dominant purchase element and its impact over customer preferences when purchasing beauty products within the Pakistani market. Six independent variables were empirically studied to determine which one has the highest influence and thereby impact on customer preference when buying beauty products. Primary data was collected through questionnaires from 280 respondents in urban Karachi and regression analysis was run to determine the impact of Quality Assurance, Country of Origin, Social Recognition, Consumer Ethnocentrism, Unavailable Local Substitute, and Religiosity on Customer Preferences when purchasing beauty products. The relationship between religious conviction and states of mind toward international items shows that consumers are going to abstain from purchasing international brands out of a strong sense of religiosity. The study helps managers of beauty brands, a growing segment within the local market, to determine the elements that have the highest impact on customer preferences to better develop their product campaigns.
Beauty Parlor Stroke Syndrome in A 32 Year-Old Female: A Case Report
Authors:   Assistant Dean for Student Affairs, Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago State University College of Pharmacy, USA, Prasad-Reddy Lalita , Burman Luba ,   CVS Caremark, Chicago State University College of Pharmacy, USA
Published: August 2021

Purpose To describe a case report of the beauty parlor stroke syndrome in a 32 year old patient Summary: Beauty parlor stroke syndrome, otherwise known as a Hairdresser-related ischemic cerebrovascular event (HICE) or vertebral-basilar ischemia (VBI), is a rare phenomenon caused by either cerebral artery dissection or vertebral artery compression due to neck positioning and manipulation at the hair salon sink bowl. Majority of the cases previously reported occurred in elderly women, rather than younger patients. We describe a case of beauty stroke syndrome in a 32 year-old patient with no prior medical history or risk factors such as atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: The 2014 Stroke guidelines issued a warning to healthcare professionals regarding the risk of cervical artery dissections following cervical manipulative therapy in young and middle-aged adults. However, the risk of cervical artery dissection following manipulation at the shampoo bowl was not specifically mentioned. Practitioners must be cognizant of the various symptoms of beauty salon syndrome, and intervene in a timely manner to prevent potential ongoing issues.
An Overview of the Indian system of Raagas and their Positive Effects on Health
Authors:   Department of Medical Electronics Engineering, MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India, Mutalik Desai Nandakishor , Mutalik Desai Dattatreya ,   Medinxt Technologies Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, India, Kunikullaya Kirthana ,   Department of Physiology, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India
Published: August 2021

Music is often known to stimulate the neurological physiology as well as physical health due to its therapeutic abilities. This article presents a detailed review about the Indian classical music (ICM) Raagas with their relationship to the time of the day during which it is played, the season of the year during which it has a maximal positive effect as well as its relationship to Vaatha, Pittha and Kapha. Two sample case studies with melodic scales are reviewed wherein the first case study relates to the successful stress reduction using Darbari kanada Raaga for subjects undergoing gastroendoscopy and the second one highlights the reduction of blood pressure and heart rate for hypertensive women in their third trimester of pregnancy. A meaningful conclusion is drawn by providing a comprehensive assessment about these two case studies thereby emphasizing on the positive effects of music therapy.
Gender Identity Disorder Etiology and Medical Treatment: Between Scientific Evidence and Personal Experiences
Authors:   Endocrinology Department - ARNAS Garibaldi-Catania, Italy, Vetri Mario , Cataldi Alessia ,   Postgraduate Specialization School in Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases - University of Catania, Italy, Naselli Adriano ,   Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Catania, Italy
Published: August 2021

Gender Identity Disorder (GID) is a condition characterized by a strong and persistent identification with the opposite sex. These people consider themselves victims of a sort of biological accident: “a soul in a wrong body”. There are numerous theories on the origin of transsexualism: genetic, hormonal and psychological causes have been hypothesized, but those currently most accredited are the neuroanatomical ones. The cornerstones of hormone conversion therapy (Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy, GAHT) are feminizing hormones for transgender women (MtFs or AMAB: Assigned Male at Birth) and virilizing for transgender males (FtMs or AFAB: Assigned Female at Birth). GID can be present among adolescents and older people. For adolescents is now accepted reversible treatment of puberty withdrawal with hormones that stops the progression of pubertal development in the biological direction not accepted; for elderly people are suggested GAHT in reduced doses. Physicians should consider and discuss with people with GID about fertility preservation, general and cancer risks. We present also data of 127 transsexual patients enrolled at the Garibaldi-Nesima Andrology Clinic in Catania (Italy) from 2003 to 2020. To optimize the conversion treatment with sex hormones, transsexuals require long-term follow-up. GAHT must be performed by a doctor who is familiar with these problems. Therefore, the “do-it-yourself ” trend and the lack of medical and laboratory checks over time should be absolutely discouraged. Before proceeding with the surgical sex reassignment, it is recommended to refer to an endocrinologist and psychologist or psychiatrist for a period of 2-3 years. The transition surgical conclusion process must be practiced by a quality surgical team.
Polymer based Drug Delivery Systems- benchtop to Bedside Transition
Authors:   Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore MD 21250, USA, Ray Priyanka
Published: August 2021

Research in the field of polymers and polymeric materials has garnered immense attention in the past few decades due to the versatile functional and structural capabilities of polymers which often can be manipulated for applications in the field of therapy and diagnosis for a host of diseases and disorders. Polymer therapeutics comprises polymer-drug and polymer-protein conjugates as well as supramolecular systems used as drug delivery systems. Although the pharmacological industry invests immensely in the design and discovery of novel drug molecules, small molecular drugs are often inefficient in targeting many diseases like deep seated low vasculature tumours, metastasized cancers and various autoimmune diseases. Coupled with a rapid clearance rate, low solubility, drug resistance and high off target toxicity these small molecular drugs often present modest benefits for a host of common diseases. In order to improve the therapeutic index of pre-existing drugs and shortening the translation from preclinical validation to clinical approval, a vast area of drug delivery research focuses on the improvement of drug carriers by various alterations. The major challenges currently faced by drug delivery systems include a low payload, transition through the desmoplastic barrier for solid tumours and high hepatic and renal clearance. In order to address these issues numerous polymer–protein and polymer-drug conjugates have been engineered and have reported to enhance the stability and pharmacokinetic properties of the active drugs. Highly toxic anticancer drugs like doxorubicin, cis-platin and gemcitabine have successfully been coupled with high molecular weight polymers to formulate targeted drug delivery agents, some of which have undergone successful clinical trials. Apart from PEGylated polymers, dendritic polymers and polyplexes with DNA or RNA moieties have also been considered as candidates for improving the therapeutic index of various drugs. Ongoing efforts in the development of polymer-based therapeutics are promising and open new horizons for personalized medicine for effective cure of various life-threatening diseases.
Occupational Health Risk Assessment for Benzene and hydrogen Sulfide-Exposed Posts at a Crude Oil Depot
Authors:   China Waterborne Transport Research Institute, 8 xitucheng road, haidian district, Beijing, China, Yun Zhao , Jinling Bao ,   China Waterborne Transport Research Institute, 8 xitucheng road, haidian district, Beijing, China
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the hazard status of benzene and hydrogen sulfide in a crude oil depot and evaluate the occupational health risk level, so as to provide countermeasures for risk control. In this study, the comprehensive index method was used to evaluate the occupational health risk level of exposure to benzene and hydrogen sulfide in the pump room, valve group, control room and tank metering port. The results show that the metrology workers are exposed to benzene and hydrogen sulfide in the process of operation of pump room, valve group, control room and tank metering port. Sanitary engineering protection measures are mainly closed operation, and set up ventilation fan in the pump room, personal protective equipment is mainly anti-static work clothes, oil-resistant gloves, respiratory protective equipment is gas masks, but they are not weared daily. The occupational health management system is complete. The working time of each shift is 12h, with a maximum of four shifts per week for 48h and a maximum of 12h per shift for exposure to chemical hazardous agents. Benzene and hydrogen sulfide were tested for 11 samples each, and the detected exposure concentration was not exceeding the standard. The hazard levels of benzene and hydrogen sulfide were grade 5 and grade 4, respectively, and the exposure level was 1.62. The risk index of exposure to benzene and hydrogen sulfide was 3, and the risk level was medium. The protective measures for the crude oil depot are effective, but the on-site monitoring of benzene and hydrogen sulfide concentration should be strengthened to prevent acute poisoning accidents and reduce occupational health risks.
Superunified Field Theory
Authors:   Unified Theory Lab, Bayangol disrict, Ulan-Bator, Mongolia, Chu Erdeni Besud
Published: August 2021

This is a briefest possible introduction to the absolute geometry of space, time and matter. Absolute geometry or the post-Euclidean geometry does automatically lead to the superunified theory of quantized fields and fundamental interactions. In general, we have eventually constructed the ultimate system of universal mathematical harmony observed by us as the physical Universe. No work in theoretical physics and pure mathematics directly precedes to this theory we propose. Instead, it accomplishes original Pythagorean (arithmetisation) znd Platonic (geometrization) concepts of natural philosophy integrated afterwards by Jiordano Bruno.
What are Phases of Cyberbullying Victim’s Feelings?
Authors:   Profiler, Net-Profiler-Behavioral and Environmental Analyst-Researcher, ACFE USA Member, Paris, France, Touzeau Nadine
Published: August 2021

In 2003, one of Canada’s neighbours stood up to talk about cyberbullying for the first time. Bill Belsey defined it as follows: “Cyberbullying is the use of information and communication technologies to deliberately, repeatedly and aggressively engage in behaviour towards individuals or a group with the intent to cause harm to others [1]. Cyberbullying cannot be compared to harassment in the real world, as discussed in one of my scientific publications [2]. The method, the impacts and the propagations are different than in the real world. In fact, the impact on the victim is also different. She does not feel the same reproaches, criticisms, insults, as in the virtual world and does not experience them in the same way. In fact, the emotional cycle from the moment of receiving the insult to reparation or resignation is different. This is what I have found when working on several cases of cyberbullying victims and their predators. I name this theory: “Phases of Cyberbullying Victim’s Feelings” In fact, the emotional cycle from the moment of receiving the insult to reparation or resignation is different. This is what I have found when working on several cases of cyberbullying victims and their predators. I name this theory: “Phases of Cyberbullying Victim’s Feelings” It is the fifth in my family of theories on Behavioral Differences between the real and the virtual [3]. “Avatarization”, “Transversal Zone”, “Virtual Intelligence” and “Modus Operandi in the virtual” as well as my books on net-profiling [4]. Understanding these emotional phases of the cyberbullying victim allows to better apprehend the said victim and prevent him from committing suicide, but also to prevent the cybercriminal. The victim will also feel better considered.
Connection between Classical Solutions of Stokes first Problem and those of Simple Couette Flow. Applications
Authors:   Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest 050094, Romania, Fetecau Constantin , Narahari Marneni ,   Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
Published: August 2021

The classical solutions of the first problem of Stokes for viscous fluids, as it was to be expected, are obtained as limiting cases of those of the simple Couette flow. Something similar is valid for the motions of the fluids induced by a constant shear stress on the boundary. As a direct consequence, new exact solutions are immediately obtained for other two classes of motions of the same fluids.
Gamificación: estrategia didáctica para el desarrollo de competencias en matemática
Authors: Ramos Vera Rosario Pilar , Ramos Vera Patricia María
Published: August 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo explicar la gamificación como estrategia didáctica para el desarrollo de competencias en matemática en los estudiantes del 1ro de secundaria de una institución educativa de Villa El Salvador 2021; cuya población estuvo integrada por 100 estudiantes y la muestra 50 estudiantes, siendo las variables de estudio: Independiente la gamificación y la dependiente competencia matemática. El método empleado es el hipotético deductivo. Se utilizó para su propósito el diseño experimental de clase cuasi experimental, de tipo explicativo; la técnica empleada en el Pre y Post es una prueba y el instrumento una prueba de 20 ítems sometido a validez y confiabilidad. Se concluye que la gamificación como estrategia didáctica mejoró de manera significativa e interactiva el desarrollo de competencias en matemática, mediante la superación de retos convirtiéndolos en protagonistas principales de su aprendizaje.
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) Systems for Learning Arabic Language and Al-Quran Recitation: A Review﻿
Authors: Balula Nazik O’mar , Rashwan Mohsen , Abdou﻿ Shrief
Published: August 2021

This paper provides a literature survey about Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems for learning Arabic language and Al-Quran Recitation. The growth in communication technologies and AI (specially Machine learning and Deep learning) led researchers in ASR field to thinking of and developing ASR systems which mimic humans in their understand of natural speech and recognition. One of the most important applications in ASR is natural language processing (NLP). Arabic language is one of these languages. ASR systems which developed for Arabic language help Arabs and non-Arabs in learning Arabic language and so Al-Quran recitation and memorization in proper way according to recitation rules (Tajweed). This paper concentrate on ASR systems in general, challenges, PROS, CONS, Arabic language ASR systems and challenges faced them and finally Al-Quran recitation verification systems.