bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploitations de polyculture-élevage bovin viande : plus grandes mais pas plus profitables que les exploitations d’élevage herbagères
Authors: Veysset Patrick , Charleuf Marie , Lherm Michel
Published: July 2020

La polyculture-élevage est souvent citée comme étant un idéal agronomique source d’économies pour l’agriculteur et à moindre impact environnemental négatif. La complémentarité entre les ateliers élevage et culture devrait permettre l’utilisation partagée de facteurs de production, et donc une réduction de l’utilisation d’intrants. Au-delà du concept, cette étude a pour objectif d’observer si, dans un bassin de production, les fermes produisant de la viande bovine et de grandes cultures affichent des performances productives et économiques différentes des fermes herbagères spécialisées bovins viande. À partir des données d’un échantillon d’exploitations de bovins allaitants charolais du centre de la France, nous observons que les exploitations dites de polyculture-élevage sont systématiquement plus grandes que les exploitations herbagères spécialisées. La grande taille des exploitations entraîne une forte augmentation des besoins en équipement et des charges induites. Ces charges ne se partagent pas entre productions animales et végétales. Au final, nous n’observons pas de différence de coût de production du kilogramme de viande produit ou de revenu par travailleur, entre exploitations herbagères spécialisées et exploitations de polyculture-élevage. Le concept vertueux de la polyculture-élevage se heurte à des réalités structurelles et socio-économiques. Afin de pourvoir bénéficier d’avantages économiques potentiels liés à la diversification, il faudrait réfléchir à de nouvelles formes de structure d’exploitations d’élevage françaises.
La dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge: La piste du fer
Authors: Courtois Yves , Youale Jenny , Behar-Cohen Francine , Picard Émilie
Published: July 2020

En raison de l’intense activité physiologique de la fonction visuelle, l’homéostasie du fer dans la rétine y est contrôlée localement. Sous l’effet de sa dérégulation (qui a des origines génétiques, environnementales, ou due au vieillissement), le fer libre s’accumule et devient, par ses propriétés oxydantes et inflammatoires, toxique, comme cela est observé au cours de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge (DMLA). Le rétablissement d’un métabolisme du fer équilibré est donc une possibilité thérapeutique. Néanmoins, la toxicité oculaire des chélateurs chimiques oriente les recherches vers des chélateurs biologiques naturels. Nos travaux montrent que la transferrine, le transporteur du fer, préserve la rétine des mécanismes associés à la DMLA.
Les organoïdes de rétine
Authors: Goureau Olivier , Reichman Sacha , Orieux Gaël
Published: July 2020

Les organoïdes de rétine dérivés de cellules souches pluripotentes représentent une avancée importante pour l’étude du développement de la rétine et offrent de nouvelles possibilités pour l’étude des maladies associées difficilement modélisables chez l’animal. La compréhension des étapes clefs du développement de la rétine chez les vertébrés a conduit à la mise au point de protocoles permettant d’obtenir, à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes, des structures tridimensionnelles auto-organisées contenant l’ensemble des types cellulaires de la rétine. Outre les applications en recherche fondamentale, ces organes miniatures ouvrent des perspectives encourageantes dans le domaine de la thérapie cellulaire ou le criblage de molécules thérapeutiques
Allier les capacités anti-tumorales des CAR-T cells aux propriétés des exosomes : une approche innovante pour combattre le cancer
Authors: Fusilier Zoé , Ferran Hermine
Published: July 2020

Dans le cadre de leur module d’analyse scientifique, des étudiants de la promotion 2019-2020 des Master 2 « Immunologie Translationnelle et Biothérapies » (ITB) et « Immunologie Intégrative et Systémique » (I2S) (Mention Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Parcours Immunologie, Sorbonne Université) se sont penchés sur la littérature et ont pris la plume pour partager avec les lecteurs de m/s quelques-uns des faits marquants de l’actualité en immunologie. On y découvre ainsi les nouvelles avancées dans l’optimisation des immunothérapies à base de CAR T (thérapie cellulaire), mais également les résultats de travaux portant sur le rôle du stress ou du métabolisme sur les réponses immunitaires, et enfin des données très intéressantes sur l’impact du microbiote sur l’homéostasie du système immunitaire et la réponse aux vaccins. Plusieurs articles soulignent ainsi l’importance de la communication entre le système immunitaire et d’autres grandes fonctions physiologiques de l’organisme, en particulier le système hormonal et le métabolisme, et mettent ainsi en évidence l’intérêt d’avoir une analyse intégrative des réponses immunitaires.
Basiswissen zur medikamentösen Schmerztherapie in der Palliativsituation
Authors: Weber Sascha , Lampert Angelika , Stingl Julia , Peuckmann-Post Vera , Hiddemann Sonja , Elsner Frank , Neuner Irene , Rolke Roman
Published: July 2020

Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick zu Basiswissen in medikamentöser Schmerztherapie in der Palliativsituation. Schmerz ist eines der führenden Symptome bei 60–90 % aller Krebspatienten. Schmerzen entstehen auch bei neurologischen oder anderen Krankheiten, die am Lebensende auftreten. Um dieses Symptom zu behandeln, ist eine ganzheitliche Strategie vonnöten, die alle körperlichen, psychologischen, sozialen und spirituellen Aspekte der multidimensionalen Schmerzerfahrung („Total Pain“-Konzept) umfasst.

Die Behandlung von Krebsschmerzen basierte viele Jahre auf einem Stufenschema, beginnend mit nichtopioiden Analgetika, gefolgt von mittelstarken und starken Opioiden. Im Gegensatz dazu wird die heutige Schmerzbehandlung mehr von der tatsächlichen Intensität dieses aversiven Ereignisses bestimmt.

Die Schmerzbeurteilung sollte darauf zugeschnitten sein, eine nozizeptive vs. neuropathische Schmerzkomponente zu identifizieren, die durch die geeignete Arzneimitteltherapie gelindert werden muss. Nichtopioid-Analgetika sind ideale Substanzen zur Linderung nozizeptiver Schmerzen. Antidepressiva und Antikonvulsiva reduzieren die Intensität neuer neuropathischer Schmerzen. Opioide sind für alle Arten von Schmerzen geeignet, sollten jedoch als zweite Wahl eingesetzt werden. Tilidin und Tramadol sind Prodrugs, die erst nach Aktivierung in der Leber schmerzlindernd wirken. Arzneimittelwechselwirkungen können diese Aktivierung blockieren. Schnellwirksame Opioide sollten bei Tumor-Durchbruchschmerzen eingesetzt werden. Transdermale Opioid-Anwendungen werden bei Schluckstörungen empfohlen, normalerweise jedoch nicht, um die Schmerzkontrolle einzuleiten. Wenn Nebenwirkungen wie Halluzinationen für das ausgewählte Opioid auftreten, kann ein Opioid-Wechsel durchgeführt werden.
Structured Reporting of Solid and Cystic Pancreatic Lesions in CT and MRI: Consensus-Based Structured Report Templates of the German Society of Radiology (DRG)
Authors: Persigehl Thorsten , Baumhauer Matthias , Baeßler Bettina , Beyer Lukas Philipp , Bludau Marc , Bruns Christiane , Bunck Alexander Christian , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Grenacher Lars , Hackländer Thomas , Haneder Stefan , Heinrich Stefan , Heusch Philipp , Hoffmann Matthias , Juchems Markus S. , Kröger Jan Robert , Kotter Elmar , Layer Günter , Maintz David , Menke Jan , Palmowski Moritz , Pantelis Dimitrios , Pinto dos Santos Daniel , Popp Felix Christoph , Schäfer Nico , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Schreyer Andreas G. , Siedek Florian , Stippel Dirk , Völker Martin , Waldschmidt Dirk Thomas , Weber Tim Frederik , von Winterfeld Moritz , Wybranski Christian , Zander Thomas , Wessling Johannes
Published: July 2020

Background Radiological reports of pancreatic lesions are currently widely formulated as free texts. However, for optimal characterization, staging and operation planning, a wide range of information is required but is sometimes not captured comprehensively. Structured reporting offers the potential for improvement in terms of completeness, reproducibility and clarity of interdisciplinary communication.

Method Interdisciplinary consensus finding of structured report templates for solid and cystic pancreatic tumors in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with representatives of the German Society of Radiology (DRG), German Society for General and Visceral Surgery (DGAV), working group Oncological Imaging (ABO) of the German Cancer Society (DKG) and other radiologists, oncologists and surgeons.

Results Among experts in the field of pancreatic imaging, oncology and pancreatic surgery, as well as in a public online survey, structured report templates were developed by consensus. These templates are available on the DRG homepage under www.befundung.drg.de and will be regularly revised to the current state of scientific knowledge by the participating specialist societies and responsible working groups.

Conclusion This article presents structured report templates for solid and cystic pancreatic tumors to improve clinical staging (cTNM, ycTNM) in everyday radiology.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy is Associated with Improved Diabetic
Foot Ulcer Healing: A Single Centre Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Farrow Frederick , Fountoulakis Nikolaos , Cummins Kelly , Sharma Angelica , Mahmood Rabiah , Vas Prashanth , Thomas Stephen , Karalliedde Janaka
Published: July 2020

Aims People with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are at high
risk of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU). The prevalence of cardiac autonomic
neuropathy (CAN) in people with DFU is unknown and if CAN influences DFU
healing is unclear.

Methods We investigated, in a prospective observational single-centre
cohort study, if CAN predicts DFU healing in 47 (77% male) people
with a DFU and DPN attending a university hospital foot clinic. CAN was
diagnosed by 2 or more abnormal Ewing’s tests. Baseline DFU severity
was evaluated using the site, ischaemia, neuropathy, bacterial infection,
area and depth (SINBAD) score. The primary outcome was defined as evidence
of DFU healing on clinical examination. Median (interquartile) length of
follow-up was 1150 (624–1331) days.

Results The prevalence of CAN was 43%. Of the cohort,
70% had complete healing of their DFU. Participants with CAN had a
shorter median (interquartile) duration time to heal compared to those
without CAN [91 (44–164) days compared to 302 (135–413)
(p=0.047)]. Minor/major amputation and mortality was similar
in both groups. The presence of CAN increased DFU healing by two-fold
[HR=2.05, 95% CI 1.01–4.16, p=0.046] in
multivariable competing risk analyses.

Conclusions We demonstrate a high prevalence of CAN in a DFU cohort
and that CAN is associated with improved DFU healing. The results of this
study establish the scientific rationale for further studies to better
understand the mechanisms between CAN and DFU outcomes.
Fixation of Displaced Avulsion Fracture of the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) after Bone Graft Harvesting Using Anatomic Low-Profile Locking Plate: Case Report and Surgical Technique
Authors: Aurich Matthias , Hofmann Gunther O.
Published: July 2020

Bone graft harvesting from the anterior iliac crest is a frequently performed surgical procedure widely used to treat bone defects in orthopedic trauma and reconstructive surgery. Fracture of the iliac crest or avulsion of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) is a potential complication. Displaced fractures require surgical treatment, i.e., reconstruction of the bone defect and fixation of the ASIS fragment. Here, the surgical technique using a special anatomic low-profile locking plate and the strategy of defect reconstruction using allograft cancellous bone are described and their advantages are discussed. We are convinced that it is a safe procedure that can be used for fracture fixation and donor site stabilization during the index procedure.
Verification of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Traditional Homeopathically Manufactured Metal (Cuprum metallicum) and Plant (Gelsemium sempervirens) Medicines and Controls
Authors: Van Wassenhoven Michel , Goyens Martine , Henry Marc , Cumps Jean , Devos Philippe
Published: July 2020

Background Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) proton relaxation is sensitive to the dynamics of the water molecule, H2O, through the interaction of the spin of the proton (1H) with external magnetic and electromagnetic fields. NMR relaxation times describe how quickly the spin of 1H, forced in a direction by an external electromagnetic field, returns to a normal resting position. As a result, such measurements allow us potentially to describe higher structuring of water in homeopathic medicines.

Objective The purpose of the present study was to verify whether specific NMR relaxation times could be measured in full lines of cH dynamizations of a metal (copper) and of a plant substance (Gelsemium sempervirens), compared with a solvent control, a potentized lactose control and a control prepared by simple dilution, in three production lines. It is aimed at verification of a previous publication (2017) on two new manufacturing lines of the same starting material and controls.

Materials and Methods To monitor dilution and potentization processes, measurements of 1H spin-lattice T1 and spin-spin T2 relaxation times were used. T1 and T2 relaxation times were measured at 25°C with a spin analyser working at a frequency of 20 MHz. To account for its possible role as a confounding factor, free oxygen was also measured in all samples, using a MicroOptode meter.

Results When the values of the three production lines were pooled, a statistically significant discrimination of NMR relaxation times between the medicines and their controls was confirmed. We found for copper cH and Gelsemium sempervirens cH a highly significant influence of the starting material (p = 0.008), a highly significant influence of level of dilution (p < 0.001), and a significant influence of the O2 concentration (p = 0.04).

Conclusions We have evidence of an obvious retention of a specific magnetic resonance signal when a substance (lactose, copper, Gelsemium) is diluted/potentized in pure water. This means that homeopathic solutions cannot be considered to be pure water. O2 is a covariant and not an explanatory variable: this factor itself is too weak to explain the NMR signal specificities in potentized samples. Homeopathic dilutions may thus have a specific material configuration governed not only by the potentized substance but also by the chemical nature of the containers, the chemical nature of dissolved gases and even by the electromagnetic environment. This sensitivity of homeopathically prepared medicines to electromagnetic fields may be amplified by the processes routinely applied during their preparation; because it occurs only when a dynamization has been performed, we may call this phenomenon “dynamic pharmacy”.
Altering age and gender stereotypes by creating the Halo and Horns Effects with facial expressions
Authors: Radeke Mary Katherine , Stahelski Anthony John
Published: July 2020

This study examined the impact of a variable, facial expression, on the social perception and personality trait stereotypic inferences made to age and gender. Twelve facial photographs of young and old female and male models posing with either smiling, scowling, or neutral facial expressions were presented to participants who judged various social perceptions and personality traits. Results indicated that facial expression is strongly associated with two very different inference groupings. Smiling induced positive inferences, creating a Halo Effect, scowling induced negative inferences, creating a Horns Effect. Smiling influenced the age and gender inferences in a positive direction, and scowling did the opposite. The age and gender stereotypical inferences made to the neutral facial expression were in-between smiling and scowling. In all model configurations, the impact of smiling or scowling on the inference process was much stronger than either age or gender. However, significant age and gender inference differences were found in all three facial expression conditions, indicating that facial expressions did not completely subdue the use of these variables as inference inducers. The results are discussed in terms of how specific facial expressions can be used to positively or negatively influence age and gender stereotypes.
Soft x-ray spectrum unfold of K-edge filtered x-ray diode arrays using cubic splines
Authors: Barnak D. H. , Davies J. R. , Knauer J. P. , Kozlowski P. M.
Published: July 2020

Cubic spline interpolation is able to recover temporally and spectrally resolved soft x-ray fluxes from an array of K-edge filtered x-ray diodes without the need for a priori assumptions about the spectrum or the geometry of the emitting volume. The mathematics of the cubic spline interpolation is discussed in detail. The analytic nature of the cubic spline solution allows for analytical error propagation, and the method of calculating the error for radiation temperature, spectral power, and confidence intervals of the unfolded spectrally resolved flux is explained. An unfold of a blackbody model demonstrates the accuracy of the cubic spline unfold. Tests of cubic spline performance using spectrally convolved detailed atomic model simulation results have been performed to measure the method’s ability to conserve spectral power to within a factor of 2 or better in line-dominated regimes. The unfold is also demonstrated to work when information from the x-ray diode array is limited due to high signal-to-noise ratios or the lack of signal due to over-attenuation or over-filtration of the x-ray diode signal. The robustness of the unfold with respect to background subtraction and raw signal processing, signal alignment between diode traces, limited signal information, and initial conditions is discussed. Results from an example analysis of a halfraum drive are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the unfold in comparison with previously established methods.
The magnetostructural transition and magnetocaloric properties in Fe0.6Mn0.4NiSi1−xAlx alloys
Authors: Lei L. , Zheng Z. G. , Jin S. , Wang W. H. , Li C. F. , Liu J. Y. , Qiu Z. G. , Zeng D. C.
Published: July 2020

The Fe0.6Mn0.4NiSi1−xAlx (x = 0, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.12) alloys were prepared by arc melting and annealed at 1073 K for 90 h. With increasing Al contents, the structure of Fe0.6Mn0.4NiSi1−xAlx changes from TiNiSi-type to Ni2In-type at room temperature, while the Curie temperature decreases from 390 K to 136 K. Although the refrigerant capacity is relatively small, about 126 J/kg, the maximum isothermal entropy change reaches a value of −ΔSmax = 52.9 J/(kg K) under 5 T for x = 0.04. At the same time, the alloys have great corrosion resistance. From x = 0 to 0.12, samples can be tuned from a second-order to a first-order and then to a second-order phase transition. It is worth noting that there is no magnetic hysteresis for all samples although they experience structural phase transition. The structural and magnetic phase diagrams of the Fe0.6Mn0.4NiSi1−xAlx system have been figured out. The results indicate that the relatively large magnetocaloric effects with no magnetic hysteresis and good corrosion resistance make these alloys a good candidate for magnetic refrigeration near room temperature.
Tip-force-induced ultrafast polarization switching in ferroelectric thin film: A dynamical phase field simulation
Authors: Xiong Weiming , Liu Jianyi , Ma Lele , Chen Weijin , Zheng Yue
Published: July 2020

Dynamical phase field simulation is performed to reveal the dynamic characteristics of the tip-force-induced polarization switching in ferroelectric thin films. We demonstrate nontrivial influences of kinetic coefficient μ related to the second-order time derivative term in the dynamic equation of polarization on the mechanical switching behavior. It is found that such a term causes an oscillation feature of the switching process. Two characteristic switching times, i.e., the time when the inversed polarization begins to appear (denoted as τS1) and the time when the fraction of switched (c−) domain is largest during the loading process (denoted as τS2), can be defined to describe the tip-force-induced switching behavior. Both τS1 and τS2 are found to be affected by factors like misfit strain, temperature, and film thickness. Remarkably, the mechanical switching of polarization can be rather fast, with the switching time comparable to that of electrical switching. Due to the nontrivial dynamical effects, other important phenomena are observed: (a) the size and the pattern of switched domain (i.e., cylinder vs ring) in a single-point switching event strongly depend on the loading time, (b) the critical force of mechanical switching may be largely decreased by choosing a proper loading time, and (c) a large and stable domain pattern can still be written by a sweeping tip despite that the switched domain is not stable in the single-point switching event. Our study should provide new insights into the ultrafast phenomena in ferroelectric polarization switching under mechanical stimuli.
Effect of post-deposition treatment on electrical properties of solution-processed a-IGZO Schottky diodes
Authors: Ulianova Veronika , Didenko Yurii , Bolat Sami , Sevilla Galo Torres , Tatarchuk Dmytro , Shorubalko Ivan , Gilshtein Evgeniia , Romanyuk Yaroslav E.
Published: July 2020

The fabrication of solution-processed electronic devices based on amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) requires high-temperature post-deposition annealing to activate IGZO layers and minimize impurities. Deep-ultraviolet (DUV) treatment can reduce the post-deposition annealing temperature when manufacturing a-IGZO thin-film transistors. Here, we investigate the effect of thermal annealing and DUV treatment in a nitrogen and ozone atmosphere on the properties of vertical thin-film Pt–IGZO–Cu Schottky diodes based on spin-coated a-IGZO. The DUV treatment in nitrogen allowed reducing the process temperature to 200 °C. A defect-induced hysteresis was observed on the current–voltage characteristics of as-fabricated Schottky diodes. The values of rectification ratio and barrier height were higher and the values of ideality factor were lower upon the backward bias sweep. It is assumed that the hysteresis behavior is caused by the presence of trap states in the semiconductor layer or at the Schottky interface. A trap density of 108 cm−2 to 1011 cm−2 was deduced from the current–voltage characteristics. The defect-induced hysteresis effect could be suppressed by depositing an Al2O3 layer and applying an additional thermal treatment of the whole diode structure.
Stripes on finite domains: Why the zigzag instability is only a partial story
Authors: Shapira Alon Z. , Uecker Hannes , Yochelis Arik
Published: July 2020

Stationary periodic patterns are widespread in natural sciences, ranging from nano-scale electrochemical and amphiphilic systems to mesoscale fluid, chemical, and biological media and to macro-scale vegetation and cloud patterns. Their formation is usually due to a primary symmetry breaking of a uniform state to stripes, often followed by secondary instabilities to form zigzag and labyrinthine patterns. These secondary instabilities are well studied under idealized conditions of an infinite domain; however, on finite domains, the situation is more subtle since the unstable modes depend also on boundary conditions. Using two prototypical models, the Swift–Hohenberg equation and the forced complex Ginzburg–Landau equation, we consider finite size domains with no flux boundary conditions transversal to the stripes and reveal a distinct mixed-mode instability that lies in between the classical zigzag and the Eckhaus lines. This explains the stability of stripes in the mildly zigzag unstable regime and, after crossing the mixed-mode line, the evolution of zigzag stripes in the bulk of the domain and the formation of defects near the boundaries. The results are of particular importance for problems with large timescale separation, such as bulk-heterojunction deformations in organic photovoltaic and vegetation in semi-arid regions, where early temporal transients may play an important role.
Long stroke displacement measurement with reduced coupling error supporting high precision control of a beam flexure-based micro-stage
Authors: Lu Shuaishuai , Yan Peng , Zhang Bei
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a novel beam flexure-based X–Y–θ micro-stage integrated with a laser interferometric type displacement measurement approach for reducing the measurement error induced by the rotational motion and cross-axis load effect. Aiming at achieving high-precision real-time control of the proposed system, an active disturbance rejection controller is developed such that the inevitable parasitic and coupling errors can be treated as disturbances and actively compensated by using the extended state observer. Finally, the verification experiments are deployed on the fabricated prototype, where the results indicate that the proposed approach achieves excellent performance in terms of motion accuracy and disturbance rejections.
Effect of temperature and illumination conditions on the photochromic performance of yttrium oxyhydride thin films
Authors: You Chang Chuan , Karazhanov Smagul Zh.
Published: July 2020

Transparent yttrium oxyhydride (YHO) thin films exhibit photochromic effects under ambient conditions. The optical transmission in such materials can be strongly modulated upon light absorption. This switchable optical property is interesting for technological applications, such as energy-saving smart windows and optical sensors. For the practical use of photochromic YHO materials, it is crucial to understand how the kinetics of coloration and the resulting photochromic contrast are influenced under different illumination conditions at both room and elevated temperatures. In the present study, we have prepared yellow, transparent, photochromic YHO thin films on glass substrates by using reactive magnetron sputtering. We investigated the photochromic performance of both as-deposited and annealed YHO thin films using illumination sources with varying photon energies and intensities. The photochromic contrast and the coloration were found to decrease considerably with increasing annealing temperature and with decreasing intensity and photon energy of the illumination sources. Moreover, time-resolved optical transmission measurements revealed a nearly logarithmic time dependence of the coloration of YHO thin films, indicating rapid coloration in the beginning of light exposure, followed by slow coloration with increasing illumination time.
Intracellular calcium response of primary cilia of tubular cells to modulated shear stress under oxidative stress
Authors: Chikamori Masatomo , Kimura Hiroshi , Inagi Reiko , Zhou Jing , Nangaku Masaomi , Fujii Teruo
Published: July 2020

Primary cilia of tubular cells are sensory organelles. Bending of the primary cilia with shear stress from urinary flow results in the elevation of intracellular calcium levels and activation of signaling pathways that maintain kidney function. Elongation of primary cilia is reported to occur due to oxidative stress, which is a major cause of ischemia-reperfusion injury and is accompanied by decreased kidney function. However, in the context of diminished kidney function, this elongation is yet to be investigated. In this study, we developed a new microfluidic device to monitor changes in the intracellular calcium levels while modulating shear stress on the cilia under different degrees of oxidative stress. The microfluidic device was designed to expose even shear stress in the observed area while supplying drugs in four different stepwise concentrations. The results showed that primary cilia were elongated by hydrogen peroxide, which induces oxidative stress. It was also observed that the elongated primary cilia were more sensitive to shear stress than those with normal morphology. This microfluidic device could, thus, be useful in the analysis of the morphology of the primary cilia, under low perfusion conditions.
A neutron recoil-spectrometer for measuring yield and determining liner areal densities at the Z facility
Authors: Lahmann B. , Gatu Johnson M. , Hahn K. D. , Frenje J. A. , Ampleford D. J. , Jones B. , Mangan M. A. , Maurer A. , Ruiz C. L. , Séguin F. H. , Petrasso R. D.
Published: July 2020

A proof-of-principle CR-39 based neutron-recoil-spectrometer was built and fielded on the Z facility. Data from this experiment match indium activation yields within a factor of 2 using simplified instrument response function models. The data also demonstrate the need for neutron shielding in order to infer liner areal densities. A new shielded design has been developed. The spectrometer is expected to achieve signal-to-background greater than 2 for the down-scattered neutron signal and greater than 30 for the primary signal.
Combined gas electron diffraction and mass spectrometric experimental setup at Bielefeld University
Authors: Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Blomeyer Sebastian , Reuter Christian G. , Pimenov Oleg A. , Shlykov Sergey A.
Published: July 2020

We have designed and constructed a combined experimental setup for synchronous measurements of electron diffraction patterns and mass-spectra of gas samples. Test measurements have been performed for acetic acid at two temperatures, 296 K and 457 K. Electron diffraction data have been analyzed taking into account mass spectra measured in the same experiments. From the diffraction intensities, molecular structures and mole fractions of the acetic acid monomer and dimer have been refined. The obtained results demonstrate the importance of measuring mass spectra in gas electron diffraction experiments. In particular, it is possible to detect the sample decomposition, which can be used for the optimization of experimental conditions and for the data interpretation. The length of the hydrogen bond in the acetic acid dimer determined in this work, re(O⋯H) = 1.657(9) Å, is in good agreement with modern theoretical predictions. We recommend measuring the diffraction patterns of acetic acid for the calibration of the sample pressure in the diffraction volume.
The spatial distribution of HO2 in an atmospheric pressure plasma jet investigated by cavity ring-down spectroscopy
Authors: Klose S-J , Manfred K M , Norman H C , Ritchie G A D , van Helden J H
Published: July 2020

Cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets make important contributions to a range of fields, such as materials processing and plasma medicine. In order to optimise the effect of those plasma sources, a detailed understanding of the chemical reaction networks is pivotal. However, the small diameter of plasma jets makes diagnostics challenging. A promising approach to obtain absolute number densities is the utilisation of cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy methods, by which line-of-sight averaged densities are determined. Here, we present first measurements on how the spatial distribution of HO2 in the effluent of a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet can be obtained by cavity ring-down spectroscopy in an efficient way. Instead of recording fully wavelength resolved spectra, we will demonstrate that it is sufficient to measure the absorption coefficient at two wavelengths, corresponding to the laser being on and off the molecular resonance. By sampling the effluent from the 1.6 mm diameter nozzle in the radial direction at various axial positions, we determined that the distances over which the HO2 density was distributed were (3.9 ± 0.5) mm and (6.7 ± 0.1) mm at a distance of 2 mm and 10 mm below the nozzle of the plasma jet, respectively. We performed an Abel inversion in order to obtain the spatial distribution of HO2 that is presented along the symmetry axis of the effluent. Based on that localised density, which was (4.8 ± 0.6) ⋅ 1014 cm−3 at the maximum, we will discuss the importance of the plasma zone for the production of HO2.
Comparative investigation into effects of the interplay between absorber layer crystallinity and interfacial defect states on the performance of lead-based and tin-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jani Rushi , Bhargava Kshitij
Published: July 2020

This report computationally investigates the relative influence of absorber layer crystallinity and the nature of interfaces in lead-based (toxic) and tin-based (non-toxic) perovskite solar cells using SCAPS-1D. The absorber layer crystallinity was modelled in terms of varying charge carrier mobility and defect density while the interfacial behaviour was modelled through varying defect density at the electron transport material (ETM)/perovskite and perovskite/hole transport material (HTM) interfaces. The results suggest that tuning of the aforementioned parameters plays a critical role in improving the efficiency of perovskite solar cells. In-depth analysis of the results elucidates that the performance of both types of simulated structure is critically dependent on the crystallinity of the perovskite absorber layer. Furthermore, the performance of the lead-based structure is more dependent on the nature of the ETM/perovskite interface than that of the perovskite/HTM interface while the tin-based structure is dependent on the nature of both the interfaces. Moreover, the tin-based structure reveals a possibility of achieving performance comparable/superior to that of its lead-based counterpart by reducing the defect density inside the absorber layer. The findings are key towards the performance enhancement in perovskite solar cells and especially tin-based perovskite solar cells, which are deemed to be a potential replacement for lead-based perovskite solar cells.
Tough pNAGA hydrogel hybridized porcine pericardium for the pre-mounted TAVI valve with improved anti-tearing properties and hemocompatibility
Authors: Jin Linhe , He Haiyang , Yang Fan , Xu Liangpeng , Guo Gaoyang , Wang Yunbing
Published: July 2020

The rate of adoption of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is increasing rapidly, due to the procedure being less invasive. However, TAVI still faces problems relating to durability, the potential incidence of thrombosis, and the inconvenience of storage in glutaraldehyde (Glut) solution. In this work, a tough hydrogel poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) (pNAGA) is hybridized with Glut-crosslinked porcine pericardium (Glut-PP) via in situ polymerization and glycerolization, so as to obtain dry leafet material for the fabrication of a pre-mounted bioprosthetic heart valve (BHV). The tensile strength, anti-shearing, and anti-tearing properties of the valve are significantly improved by the process of hydrogel hybridization. Following a period of dry-state compression as a simulation for the crimping process of pre-mounted TAV, pNAGA/Glut-PP showed full recovery without structural damage when fully rehydrated. The introduction of pNAGA also improved the blood compatibility of the tissue, with less clot formation and fewer blood cells adhering to the surface of pNAGA/Glut-PP than is found with Glut-PP. Subcutaneous implantation in rats showed that pNAGA/Glut-PP induced a decreased inflammatory response compared with Glut-PP. These results indicate that the strategy for hybridization with hydrogel could be a potential method for preparing pre-mounted TAVs with an improved performance.
Secular trend of global drought since 1950
Authors: Song Xiaodong , Song Yu , Chen Yuanyuan
Published: July 2020

Drought is a recurring extreme climate event over most parts of the world featured by long duration and low predictability. The secular trend of drought is of particular interest for investigators in agriculture, climate change and sustainability domains. In this study, we applied the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method and analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of the secular trends of meteorological drought over global land surface during the period 1950–2015 using a self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) product. We found that there were 25.98% PDSI samples had turning point, namely the shift of trend, in the corresponding secular trend series; the probability distribution of the turning points position (period) extracted by EEMD closely follows a normal distribution with mean value at Nov. 1981. We showed that there is large discrepancy in the secular trend types extracted by EEMD and Mann–Kendall test, and exemplified the risk of using a monotonic trend to capture the changes of the intrinsic secular trend of PDSI series. We suggested that there was an accelerated drying trend over global land surface as a whole, but large areas with wetting trend existed in the meantime, especially at the high latitudes in the northern hemisphere. Additionally, we found that the PDSI secular trend change rate exhibits a multidecadal variability of about 50 years or so and it implies a potential relationship with periodic variations of the oceanic and atmospheric current. We showed that the secular trend of PDSI series extracted by EEMD could provide more detailed spatio-temporal characteristics, featured by the shifts of trend and nonlinear property of the secular trend, of global drought than that of the non-parametric or linear regression methods. The secular trend of PDSI could present more insights about the transition and progress of wetting/drying trend over global land surface at multidecadal scale.
Wigner–Smith matrix, exponential functional of the matrix Brownian motion and matrix Dufresne identity
Authors: Grabsch Aurélien , Texier Christophe
Published: July 2020

We consider a multichannel wire with a disordered region of length L and a reflecting boundary. The reflection of a wave of frequency ω is described by the scattering matrix

S

(

ω

)

, encoding the probability amplitudes to be scattered from one channel to another. The Wigner–Smith time delay matrix

Q
=
−
i

S

†

∂

ω

S

is another important matrix, which encodes temporal aspects of the scattering process. In order to study its statistical properties, we split the scattering matrix in terms of two unitary matrices,

S
=

e

2
i
k
L

U

L

U

R

(with

U

L

=

U

R

T

in the presence of time reversal symmetry), and introduce a novel symmetrisation procedure for the Wigner–Smith matrix:

Q

̃

=

U

R

Q

U

R

†

=

(

2
L
/
v

)

1

N

−
i

U

L

†

∂

ω

U

L

U

R

U

R

†

, where k is the wave vector and v the group velocity. We demonstrate that

Q

̃

can be expressed under the form of an exponential functional of a matrix Brownian motion. For semi-infinite wires, L → ∞, using a matricial extension of the Dufresne identity, we recover straightforwardly the joint distribution for

Q

’s eigenvalues of Brouwer and Beenakker (2001 Physica E 9 463). For finite length L, the exponential functional representation is used to calculate the first moments

⟨

t
r

(

Q

)

⟩

,

⟨

t
r

(

Q

2

)

⟩

and

⟨

t
r

(

Q

)

2

⟩

. Finally we derive a partial differential equation for the resolvent

g

(

z
;
L

)

=

lim

N
→
∞

(

1
/
N

)

t
r

z

1

N

−
N

Q

−
1

in the large N limit.
Substantiation of convergent technology data for the Ilets rock salt mining
Authors: Eremenko VA , Galchenko YuP , Vysotin NG , Kosyreva MA , Yakusheva ED
Published: July 2020

Using the applied theory of honeycomb structures, the authors propose and evaluate mining system alternates based on the structure of honeycombs for a rock salt deposit. The new-developed nature-like convergent geotechnology enables the loss of the useful mineral to be reduced from 40–60% to 15% at the preserved geodynamic safety of mining. The scope of the discussion embraces the variants of ore extraction from vertical stopes bottom-up using assemblies of mechanized equipment and top-down with a mechanical device reaming a pilot hole for useful mineral to be by-passed to an accumulation horizon.
Transesterification Condition of Crude Palm Oil to Biodiesel Using Solid Catalyst Zeolite/NaOH
Authors: Kurniasih E , Pardi P , Adriana
Published: July 2020

The use of NaOH as a catalyst for biodiesel production has long been used and provides high conversion conversions. Homogeneous NaOH phase during the transesterification reaction causes soap to form at the end of the process. Soap is diseparasi from biodiesel by washing and decantation techniques. The presence of soap can reduce the quality of biodiesel, especially at the flash point of biodiesel. Heterogeneous catalyst zeolite / NaOH is synthesized from natural zeolite and NaOH through the impregnation method. Natural zeolite is contained in natural rock obtained from Ujong Pancu, Aceh Besar. The synthesis of natural zeolite catalyst was initiated by activating zeolite powder with 4 M HCl for 10 hours at 90oC. Activated zeolite was impregnated using 2.5% NaOH at a ratio of 1: 2 (w / v) at 90oC for 2 hours. Application of zeolite / NaOH in transesterification reaction using crude palm oil off grade. The results showed that the use of zeolite / NaOH can prevent the formation of soap with characteristics that have met SNI 04-7182-2006 standards.
Reliability Analysis of 20 KV Electric Power Distribution System
Authors: Nazaruddin  , Mahalla  , Fauzi  , Maimun  , Subhan  , Abubakar Said , Aiyub Sayed
Published: July 2020

The reliability of the distribution system is the ability of a system to supply electrical energy continuously without causing failure to consumers. The reliability of the distribution system can be analyzed based on the SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index), SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index), and CAIDI (Customer Average Interruption Duration Index) indices. The SAIFI, SAIDI and CAIDI values are determined by simulating using ETAP 12.0.6 software, which is by running reliability assessment analysis. The simulation process was carried out an IEEE 9 bus network distribution system. The simulation results show a SAIFI value of 1.113 frequency/customer.yr, a SAIDI value of 17.306 hours / customer.yr and a CAIDI value of 15,549 hours / customer interruption. For normal operating conditions, the total demand for loads supplied from secondary substations to the 20 KV distribution network is 12,955 MW and 5,234 MVAR, with losses of 8.06%
Development of Castor Oil as Local Demulsifier to Overcome Water-Oil Emulsion
Authors: Erfando Tomi , Handoko Devin Theo , Khalid Idham
Published: July 2020

Crude oil is generally mixed with water at the time of production. The oil and water mixture at the time of production is known as an emulsion. In addressing the problem of emulsions requires the addition of a chemical compound, commonly referred to as demulsifier to be able to separate water and oil. This research aims to make the formulation of demulsifier locally based on castor oil. This castor oil will be processed into a surfactant compound because it has a very high saturated fat content of 33% of the total weight of the seeds. The manufacture of this demulsifier using saponification method is to heat the castor oil and add the KOH dissolved in aquades, as well as the added glycerin to taste. Then, the process of testing demulsification with a sample of the emulsion of crude oil that has been prepared using the bottle test method. From the test results of several temperature conditions, different concentration and time obtained the best test results by demulsifier in the separation of water and oil at a temperature of 80 °C and concentrations of 5 ml. In sample 1 demulsifier soap and the soap demulsifier added lemon separates the water by as much as 38 ml and 39 ml, meanwhile, the commercial demulsifier separates the water by 32 ml. Thus, it can be concluded that the demulsifier made from castor oil has a better ability than commercial demulsifier.
Waste Mud in Oil and Gas CEPU PPSDM Using Bioremediation
Authors: Maryanty Yanty , Hadiantoro Sigit , Takwanto Anang , Kamilia  , Ardhanariswari Linga
Published: July 2020

Bioremediation is one method of treating hazardous waste environmentally friendly. This method of waste treatment Utilizes a microbial activity to treat hazardous waste. Oil sludge from the processing of petroleum in PPSDM Migas Cepu is one of the dangerous wastes, so it must be processed first before being discharged into the environment. The bioremediation process of oxygen and nutrients is needed by microbes to decompose harmful compounds in the oil sludge so that the addition of a bulking agent in the form of rice husk and sawdust is needed. Bacteria that help the bioremediation process are heterophilic bacteria, heterophilic bacteria used in this study are aeruginous Pseudomonas, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus spheres. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of bulking agents on bioremediation and Determine the performance of heterophilic petroleum degrading bacteria in waste. The results of this study indicate the addition of a bulking agent Gives a fairly good result in bioremediation in the reduction in TPH and TCLP values Compared to bioremediation reactors without the addition of a bulking agent. Petrophilic Also bacteria play an important role in the bioremediation process as evidenced in the decline in TPH and TCLP values. The addition of a bulking agent, in a variable one (25; 75) there was a decrease in the value of% TPH namely 56.22%, variable 2 (40:60) there was a decline in the value of% TPH 55.95 and in variable 3 there was a decrease in the value of% TPH by 49, 73%. During the bioremediation process, the increase is in the pH value from 3. 6 to 6.5 indicates the presence of bacterial activity in degrading oil sludge waste. Percent of Percent Nitrogen and Carbon in bioremediation Decreased by 80 and 56%. The success of the bioremediation process was demonstrated by the results of FT-IR analysis, with peaks of 3418.39 cm-1, 2924.65 cm-1, and 1746.22 cm-1.
Effect of H2O2 as the Foaming Agent on the Geopolymer Mortar using Curing of Room Temperature
Authors: Rizal Faisal , Pratama Ari Putra , Khamistan  , Fauzi Amir , Syarwan  , Azka Ahyari
Published: July 2020

Road construction on the peat has been an issue in the world. Yet, due to the reason of topography and alignment through a peat environment, this work remains to be done. The issue in this study was the bearing capacity of soil due to high water content, creep, deformation high acid, so that was required to find the alternative material to support the base of the road with the light material. This study used fly ash as the alternative material in the foam geopolymer mortar that utilized hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with the percentage of 1%, 2%, and 3% fly ash, respectively, as the blowing foaming agent in fresh geopolymer mortar. The alkaline solution was prepared using the solution of Na2SiO3 and NaOH with a ratio of 2.0 and 2.5, respectively. The room temperature was used as the curing for 14 days. The results showed that the optimum compressive strength was obtained about 3.53 MPa with a Na2SiO3/NaOH of 2.5 and the percentage of H2O2 as 1% fly ash. Furthermore, optimum density was obtained about 0.61 gr/cm3 with a Na2SiO3/NaOH of 2.5 and the percentage of H2O2 as 3% fly ash.
The Impact of Anthropometry on Terasi Packaging
Authors: Andriani Meri , Syntia Rita
Published: July 2020

The packaging is a protective material for the product to last longer. The purpose of this research is to design an ergonomic packaging using anthropometric methods for terasi products. Terasi is a spice that has special characteristics for Acehnese food. The results obtained in designing packaging with the anthropometric method using the dimensions of the width of the palm. The percentile used is 5% percentile with a mean value of boys and girls of 7.11 centimeters.