bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of a Mycelial Catalase from Scedosporium boydii, a Useful Tool for Specific Antibody Detection in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Mina Sara , Marot-Leblond Agnès , Cimon Bernard , Fleury Maxime J. J. , Larcher Gérald , Bouchara Jean-Philippe , Robert Raymond
Published: October 2014

Scedosporium boydiiis an opportunistic filamentous fungus which may be responsible for a wide variety of infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. This fungus belongs to theScedosporium apiospermumspecies complex, which usually ranks second among the filamentous fungi colonizing the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and may lead to allergic bronchopulmonary mycoses, sensitization, or respiratory infections. Upon microbial infection, host phagocytic cells release reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, as part of the antimicrobial response. Catalases are known to protect pathogens against ROS by detoxification of the hydrogen peroxide. Here, we investigated the catalase equipment ofScedosporium boydii, one of the major pathogenic species in theS. apiospermumspecies complex. Three catalases were identified, and the mycelial catalase A1 was purified to homogeneity by a three-step chromatographic process. This enzyme is a monofunctional tetrameric protein of 460 kDa, consisting of four 82-kDa glycosylated subunits. The potential usefulness of this enzyme in serodiagnosis ofS. apiospermuminfections was then investigated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using 64 serum samples from CF patients. Whatever the species involved in theS. apiospermumcomplex, sera from infected patients were clearly differentiated from sera from patients with anAspergillus fumigatusinfection or those from CF patients without clinical and biological signs of a fungal infection and without any fungus recovered from sputum samples. These results suggest that catalase A1 is a good candidate for the development of an immunoassay for serodiagnosis of infections caused by theS. apiospermumcomplex in patients with CF.
HIV-1 and Morphine Regulation of Autophagy in Microglia: Limited Interactions in the Context of HIV-1 Infection and Opioid Abuse
Authors: El-Hage Nazira , Rodriguez Myosotys , Dever Seth M. , Masvekar Ruturaj R. , Gewirtz David A. , Shacka John J.
Published: October 2014

Microglia are the predominant resident central nervous system (CNS) cell type productively infected by HIV-1, and play a key role in the progression of HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Moreover, neural dysfunction and progression to HAD are accelerated in opiate drug abusers. In the present study, we examined the role of the autophagy pathway in the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 using primary human microglial cells and determined whether opiates converge at this point. Infection of microglia with the HIV-1SF162macrophage-tropic strain resulted in increased Beclin1 expression, accompanied by an increase of LC3 protein levels and accumulation of LC3 reporter RFP+GFP+(yellow) puncta, suggesting that HIV-1 infection triggers autophagosome formation without promoting protein degradation by the lysosome. Conversely, coexposure with HIV-1 and morphine significantly decreased virus-induced Beclin1 expression and autophagosome formation. Exploration of the possible mechanism(s) used by morphine to disrupt the autophagic process unveiled a significant increase in intracellular pH, which coincided with a reduction in the formation of acidic vesicular organelles and in autophagolysosome formation. Small interfering RNA targetingBECN1, a gene critical for autophagosome formation, significantly reduced viral replication and the virus-induced inflammatory responses. Conversely, morphine-enhanced viral replication and inflammatory responses were not affected by gene silencing with siBeclin1, suggesting that the interactive effect of morphine in HIV-1 pathogenesis is mediated through a Beclin1-independent mechanism. These novel findings may have important implications on the connections between autophagy and HIV-1 pathogenesis mediated by microglial cells in opioid-abusing individuals.

IMPORTANCEAbout 50% of individuals infected with HIV-1 will develop some sort of neurocognitive impairment that cannot be prevented nor eradicated by antiretroviral therapy. The neuropathogenesis is mostly due to inflammatory responses by infected microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain. Cognitive disorders may also be associated with drugs of abuse. In fact, opioid drug users have an increased risk of developing neurocognitive disorders with increased progression to dementia. Although the mechanism(s) by which opioids exacerbate the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 are not entirely known, it is well accepted that glia are critical to opiate responses. This study gives us new insight into possible autophagic mechanism(s) in microglia that control HIV-1 replication and virus-induced inflammation in the context of opioid abuse and should greatly improve our knowledge in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 resulting from substance abuse to provide a better understanding for the design of candidate antiviral therapies targeting drug-abusing individuals.
Structure of Acidic pH Dengue Virus Showing the Fusogenic Glycoprotein Trimers
Authors: Zhang Xinzheng , Sheng Ju , Austin S. Kyle , Hoornweg Tabitha E. , Smit Jolanda M. , Kuhn Richard J. , Diamond Michael S. , Rossmann Michael G.
Published: October 2014

Flaviviruses undergo large conformational changes during their life cycle. Under acidic pH conditions, the mature virus forms transient fusogenic trimers of E glycoproteins that engage the lipid membrane in host cells to initiate viral fusion and nucleocapsid penetration into the cytoplasm. However, the dynamic nature of the fusogenic trimer has made the determination of its structure a challenge. Here we have used Fab fragments of the neutralizing antibody DV2-E104 to stop the conformational change of dengue virus at an intermediate stage of the fusion process. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we show that in this intermediate stage, the E glycoproteins form 60 trimers that are similar to the predicted “open” fusogenic trimer.

IMPORTANCE
The structure of a dengue virus has been captured during the formation of fusogenic trimers. This was accomplished by binding Fab fragments of the neutralizing antibody DV2-E104 to the virus at neutral pH and then decreasing the pH to 5.5. These trimers had an “open” conformation, which is distinct from the “closed” conformation of postfusion trimers. Only two of the three E proteins within each spike are bound by a Fab molecule at domain III. Steric hindrance around the icosahedral 3-fold axes prevents binding of a Fab to the third domain III of each E protein spike. Binding of the DV2-E104 Fab fragments prevents domain III from rotating by about 130° to the postfusion orientation and thus precludes the stem region from “zipping” together the three E proteins along the domain II boundaries into the “closed” postfusion conformation, thus inhibiting fusion.
Modulation of Type I Interferon-Associated Viral Sensing during Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in African Green Monkeys
Authors: Jochems Simon P. , Petitjean Gaël , Kunkel Désirée , Liovat Anne-Sophie , Ploquin Mickaël J. , Barré-Sinoussi Françoise , Lebon Pierre , Jacquelin Béatrice , Müller-Trutwin Michaela C.
Published: October 2014

Natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), such as African green monkeys (AGMs), do not progress to AIDS when infected with SIV. This is associated with an absence of a chronic type I interferon (IFN-I) signature. It is unclear how the IFN-I response is downmodulated in AGMs. We longitudinally assessed the capacity of AGM blood cells to produce IFN-I in response to SIV and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Phenotypes and functions of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and other mononuclear blood cells were assessed by flow cytometry, and expression of viral sensors was measured by reverse transcription-PCR. pDCs displayed low BDCA-2, CD40, and HLA-DR expression levels during AGM acute SIV (SIVagm) infection. BDCA-2 was required for sensing of SIV, but not of HSV, by pDCs. In acute infection, AGM peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) produced less IFN-I upon SIV stimulation. In the chronic phase, the production was normal, confirming that the lack of chronic inflammation is not due to a sensing defect of pDCs. In contrast to stimulation by SIV, more IFN-I was produced upon HSV stimulation of PBMCs isolated during acute infection, while the frequency of AGM pDCs producing IFN-I uponin vitrostimulation with HSV was diminished. Indeed, other cells started producing IFN-I. This increased viral sensing by non-pDCs was associated with an upregulation of Toll-like receptor 3 and IFN-γ-inducible protein 16 caused by IFN-I in acute SIVagm infection. Our results suggest that, as in pathogenic SIVmac infection, SIVagm infection mobilizes bone marrow precursor pDCs. Moreover, we show that SIV infection modifies the capacity of viral sensing in cells other than pDCs, which could drive IFN-I production in specific settings.

IMPORTANCEThe effects of HIV/SIV infections on the capacity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) to produce IFN-Iin vivoare still incompletely defined. As IFN-I can restrict viral replication, contribute to inflammation, and influence immune responses, alteration of this capacity could impact the viral reservoir size. We observed that even in nonpathogenic SIV infection, the frequency of pDCs capable of efficiently sensing SIV and producing IFN-I was reduced during acute infection. We discovered that, concomitantly, cells other than pDCs had increased abilities for viral sensing. Our results suggest that pDC-produced IFN-I upregulates viral sensors in bystander cells, the latter gaining the capacity to produce IFN-I. These results indicate that in certain settings, cells other than pDCs can drive IFN-I-associated inflammation in SIV infection. This has important implications for the understanding of persistent inflammation and the establishment of viral reservoirs.
Virological and Immunological Characterization of Novel NYVAC-Based HIV/AIDS Vaccine Candidates Expressing Clade C Trimeric Soluble gp140(ZM96) and Gag(ZM96)-Pol-Nef(CN54) as Virus-Like Particles
Authors: Perdiguero Beatriz , Gómez Carmen Elena , Cepeda Victoria , Sánchez-Sampedro Lucas , García-Arriaza Juan , Mejías-Pérez Ernesto , Jiménez Victoria , Sánchez Cristina , Sorzano Carlos Óscar S. , Oliveros Juan Carlos , Delaloye Julie , Roger Thierry , Calandra Thierry , Asbach Benedikt , Wagner Ralf , Kibler Karen V. , Jacobs Bertram L. , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Esteban Mariano
Published: October 2014

The generation of vaccines against HIV/AIDS able to induce long-lasting protective immunity remains a major goal in the HIV field. The modest efficacy (31.2%) against HIV infection observed in the RV144 phase III clinical trial highlighted the need for further improvement of HIV vaccine candidates, formulation, and vaccine regimen. In this study, we have generated two novel NYVAC vectors, expressing HIV-1 clade C gp140(ZM96) (NYVAC-gp140) or Gag(ZM96)-Pol-Nef(CN54) (NYVAC-Gag-Pol-Nef), and defined their virological and immunological characteristics in cultured cells and in mice. The insertion of HIV genes does not affect the replication capacity of NYVAC recombinants in primary chicken embryo fibroblast cells, HIV sequences remain stable after multiple passages, and HIV antigens are correctly expressed and released from cells, with Env as a trimer (NYVAC-gp140), while in NYVAC-Gag-Pol-Nef-infected cells Gag-induced virus-like particles (VLPs) are abundant. Electron microscopy revealed that VLPs accumulated with time at the cell surface, with no interference with NYVAC morphogenesis. Both vectors trigger specific innate responses in human cells and show an attenuation profile in immunocompromised adult BALB/c and newborn CD1 mice after intracranial inoculation. Analysis of the immune responses elicited in mice after homologous NYVAC prime/NYVAC boost immunization shows that recombinant viruses induced polyfunctional Env-specific CD4 or Gag-specific CD8 T cell responses. Antibody responses against gp140 and p17/p24 were elicited. Our findings showed important insights into virus-host cell interactions of NYVAC vectors expressing HIV antigens, with the activation of specific immune parameters which will help to unravel potential correlates of protection against HIV in human clinical trials with these vectors.

IMPORTANCE
We have generated two novel NYVAC-based HIV vaccine candidates expressing HIV-1 clade C trimeric soluble gp140 (ZM96) and Gag(ZM96)-Pol-Nef(CN54) as VLPs. These vectors are stable and express high levels of both HIV-1 antigens. Gag-induced VLPs do not interfere with NYVAC morphogenesis, are highly attenuated in immunocompromised and newborn mice after intracranial inoculation, trigger specific innate immune responses in human cells, and activate T (Env-specific CD4 and Gag-specific CD8) and B cell immune responses to the HIV antigens, leading to high antibody titers against gp140. For these reasons, these vectors can be considered vaccine candidates against HIV/AIDS and currently are being tested in macaques and humans.
Cocirculation of Two Distinct Genetic and Antigenic Lineages of Proposed Influenza D Virus in Cattle
Authors: Collin Emily A. , Sheng Zizhang , Lang Yuekun , Ma Wenjun , Hause Ben M. , Li Feng
Published: October 2014

Viruses with approximately 50% homology to human influenza C virus (ICV) have recently been isolated from swine and cattle. The overall low homology to ICV, lack of antibody cross-reactivity to ICV in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and agar gel immunodiffusion assays, and inability to productively reassort with ICV led to the proposal that these viruses represented a new genus of influenza virus, influenzavirus D (IDV). To further our understanding of the epidemiology of IDV, real-time reverse transcription-PCR was performed on a set of 208 samples from bovines with respiratory disease. Ten samples (4.8%) were positive and six viruses were successfully isolatedin vitro. Phylogenetic analysis of full-genome sequences of these six new viruses and four previously reported viruses revealed two distinct cocirculating lineages represented by D/swine/Oklahoma/1334/2011 (D/OK) and D/bovine/Oklahoma/660/2013 (D/660), which frequently reassorted with one another. Antigenic analysis using the HI assay and lineage-representative D/OK and D/660 antiserum found up to an approximate 10-fold loss in cross-reactivity against heterologous clade antiserum. One isolate, D/bovine/Texas/3-13/2011 (D/3-13), clustered with the D/660 lineage, but also had high HI titers to heterologous (D/OK) clade antiserum. Molecular modeling of the hemagglutinin esterase fusion protein of D/3-13 identified a mutation at position 212 as a possible antigenic determinant responsible for the discrepant HI results. These results suggest that IDV is common in bovines with respiratory disease and that at least two genetic and antigenically distinct clades cocirculate.

IMPORTANCEA novel bovine influenza virus was recently identified. Detailed genetic and antigenic studies led to the proposal that this virus represents a new genus of influenza, influenzavirus D (IDV). Here, we show that IDV is common in clinical samples of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), with a prevalence similar to that of other established BRDC etiological agents. These results are in good agreement with the near-ubiquitous seroprevalence of IDV previously found. Phylogenetic analysis of complete genome sequences found evidence for two distinct cocirculating lineages of IDV which freely reassort. Significant antigenic differences, which generally agreed with the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin esterase phylogeny, were observed between the two lineages. Based on these results, and on the ability of IDV to infect and transmit in multiple mammalian species, additional studies to determine the pathogenic potential of IDV are warranted.
Efficient Infectious Cell Culture Systems of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Prototype Strains HCV-1 and H77
Authors: Li Yi-Ping , Ramirez Santseharay , Mikkelsen Lotte , Bukh Jens
Published: October 2014

The first discovered and sequenced hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome and the first
in vivo
infectious HCV clones originated from the HCV prototype strains HCV-1 and H77, respectively, both widely used in research of this important human pathogen. In the present study, we developed efficient infectious cell culture systems for these genotype 1a strains by using the HCV-1/SF9_A and H77C
in vivo
infectious clones. We initially adapted a genome with the HCV-1 5′UTR-NS5A (where UTR stands for untranslated region) and the JFH1 NS5B-3′UTR (5-5A recombinant), including the genotype 2a-derived mutations F1464L/A1672S/D2979G (LSG), to grow efficiently in Huh7.5 cells, thus identifying the E2 mutation S399F. The combination of LSG/S399F and reported TNcc(1a)-adaptive mutations A1226G/Q1773H/N1927T/Y2981F/F2994S promoted adaptation of the full-length HCV-1 clone. An HCV-1 recombinant with 17 mutations (HCV1cc) replicated efficiently in Huh7.5 cells and produced supernatant infectivity titers of 10
4.0
focus-forming units (FFU)/ml. Eight of these mutations were identified from passaged HCV-1 viruses, and the A970T/I1312V/C2419R/A2919T mutations were essential for infectious particle production. Using CD81-deficient Huh7 cells, we further demonstrated the importance of A970T/I1312V/A2919T or A970T/C2419R/A2919T for virus assembly and that the I1312V/C2419R combination played a major role in virus release. Using a similar approach, we found that NS5B mutation F2994R, identified here from culture-adapted full-length TN viruses and a common NS3 helicase mutation (S1368P) derived from viable H77C and HCV-1 5-5A recombinants, initiated replication and culture adaptation of H77C containing LSG and TNcc(1a)-adaptive mutations. An H77C recombinant harboring 19 mutations (H77Ccc) replicated and spread efficiently after transfection and subsequent infection of naive Huh7.5 cells, reaching titers of 10
3.5
and 10
4.4
FFU/ml, respectively.

IMPORTANCE
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was discovered in 1989 with the cloning of the prototype strain HCV-1 genome. In 1997, two molecular clones of H77, the other HCV prototype strain, were shown to be infectious in chimpanzees, but not
in vitro
. HCV research was hampered by a lack of infectious cell culture systems, which became available only in 2005 with the discovery of JFH1 (genotype 2a), a genome that could establish infection in Huh7.5 cells. Recently, we developed
in vitro
infectious clones for genotype 1a (TN), 2a (J6), and 2b (J8, DH8, and DH10) strains by identifying key adaptive mutations. Globally, genotype 1 is the most prevalent. Studies using HCV-1 and H77 prototype sequences have generated important knowledge on HCV. Thus, the
in vitro
infectious clones developed here for these 1a strains will be of particular value in advancing HCV research. Moreover, our findings open new avenues for the culture adaptation of HCV isolates of different genotypes.
Procalcitonin as a predictor of moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a study protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Han , Cheng Zhang-Bo , Yu Rong-Guo
Published: October 2014

Introduction

Procalcitonin (PCT) is activated during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and may be a predictor of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The objective of this study is to determine whether patients with different serum PCT concentrations exhibit different rates of developing moderate to severe ARDS.

Methods and analysis

This is a prospective, single centre, observational cohort study. All patients admitted to the cardiosurgery department for cardiac surgery with CPB were screened for study eligibility. All eligible patients received a CPB procedure. Blood samples were obtained to determine white cell counts as well as N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, C reactive protein and PCT levels. Patients were assigned to the PCT elevated cohort or the control cohort based on serum PCT concentrations on the first postoperative day with a cut-off value of 7.0 ng/mL. Data, including baseline, perioperative and outcome data, were collected daily for 7 days. The primary end point was the incidence of moderate to severe ARDS, which was diagnosed according to the Berlin definition.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Fujian Provincial Hospital. Study findings are disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

Study registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-OCH-14005076).
A persuasive intervention: improving the compliance of extended venous thromboembolism prophylaxis following cancer resections in a tertiary colorectal and hepatobiliary unit
Authors: Yong Yao Pey , Karangizi Alvin , Banerjea Ayan
Published: October 2014

Extended venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis has been shown to reduce the incidence of VTE in patients following cancer resections.[1] However, ensuring patients are discharged with the prescription remains a challenge, with junior doctors frequently rotating throughout different specialties. We conducted an audit to assess the compliance rate in the colorectal and hepatobiliary (HPB) unit at the Queen’s Medical Centre in Nottingham.

Extended VTE prophylaxis was considered compliant to the guideline if it was prescribed on discharge. The baseline measurement demonstrated compliance rates of 79% and 48% in the colorectal and HPB units respectively. Following discussion with the stakeholders, several interventions that include education and visual reminders were implemented to increase awareness of the importance of extended VTE prophylaxis among junior doctors. Results of the re-audit have shown a remarkable improvement; compliance rates were increased to 93% and 72% in the colorectal and HPB units respectively.

We conclude that visual reminder is a simple yet effective tool to improve awareness among junior doctors on the importance of extended VTE prophylaxis in cancer patients. Nevertheless, education remains crucial to ensure the sustainability of any intervention.
Isoform-specific interactions between meprin metalloproteases and the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A: significance in acute and chronic kidney injury
Authors: Niyitegeka Jean-Marie V. , Bastidas Adam C. , Newman Robert H. , Taylor Susan S. , Ongeri Elimelda Moige
Published: October 2014

Meprin metalloproteases are abundantly expressed in the brush-border membranes of kidney proximal tubules. Meprins are implicated in ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced renal injury and diabetic nephropathy. The protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway modulates extracellular matrix metabolism in diabetic kidneys. The present study evaluated isoform-specific interactions between the catalytic subunit of PKA (PKA C) and meprins. To this end, cytosolic-enriched kidney proteins from meprin αβ double knockout mice, and purified forms of recombinant mouse PKA Cα, Cβ1, and Cβ2, were incubated with activated forms of either homomeric meprin A or meprin B. The cleaved protein products were subjected to SDS-PAGE and analyzed by Coomassie staining and Western blot analysis. While meprin A only cleaved PKA Cβ1, meprin B cleaved all three PKA C isoforms. Analysis of the proteolytic fragments by mass spectrometry revealed that meprin A and B cleave the PKA C isoforms at defined sites, resulting in unique cleavage products. Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics demonstrated that meprin B-mediated cleavage of PKA Cα occurs at a rate consistent with that of other physiologically relevant meprin substrates. Meprin cleavage decreased the kinase activity of PKA Cα, Cβ1, and Cβ2. PKA C levels were higher in diabetic kidneys, with evidence of in vivo fragmentation in wild-type diabetic kidneys. Confocal microscopy showed localization of meprin A in the glomeruli of diabetic kidneys. At 3 h post-IR, PKA C levels in proximal tubules decreased compared with distal tubules, which lack meprins. These data suggest that meprins may impact kidney injury, in part, via modulation of PKA signaling pathways.
Combined Influence of Hall Current and Soret Effect on Chemically Reacting Magnetomicropolar Fluid Flow from Radiative Rotating Vertical Surface with Variable Suction in Slip-Flow Regime
Authors: Jain Preeti
Published: October 2014

An analysis study is presented to study the effects of Hall current and Soret effect on unsteady hydromagnetic natural convection of a micropolar fluid in a rotating frame of reference with slip-flow regime. A uniform magnetic field acts perpendicularly to the porous surface which absorbs the micropolar fluid with variable suction velocity. The effects of heat absorption, chemical reaction, and thermal radiation are discussed and for this Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in energy equation. The entire system rotates with uniform angular velocity Ω about an axis normal to the plate. The nonlinear coupled partial differential equations are solved by perturbation techniques. In order to get physical insight, the numerical results of translational velocity, microrotation, fluid temperature, and species concentration for different physical parameters entering into the analysis are discussed and explained graphically. Also, the results of the skin-friction coefficient, the couple stress coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are discussed with the help of figures for various values of flow pertinent flow parameters.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Weighted Linear Regression Model with Fuzzy Entropy under Linear Restrictions
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Bajaj Rakesh Kumar
Published: October 2014

In fuzzy set theory, it is well known that a triangular fuzzy number can be uniquely determined through its position and entropies. In the present communication, we extend this concept on triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number for its one-to-one correspondence with its position and entropies. Using the concept of fuzzy entropy the estimators of the intuitionistic fuzzy regression coefficients have been estimated in the unrestricted regression model. An intuitionistic fuzzy weighted linear regression (IFWLR) model with some restrictions in the form of prior information has been considered. Further, the estimators of regression coefficients have been obtained with the help of fuzzy entropy for the restricted/unrestricted IFWLR model by assigning some weights in the distance function.
Vibration Analysis of Collecting Electrodes by means of the Hybrid Finite Element Method
Authors: Adamiec-Wójcik I. , Awrejcewicz J. , Nowak A. , Wojciech S.
Published: October 2014

The paper presents a hybrid finite element method of shell modeling in order to model collecting electrodes of electrostatic precipitators. The method uses the finite element method to reflect elastic features and the rigid finite element method in order to model mass features of the body. A model of dust removal systems of an electrostatic precipitator is presented. The system consists of two beams which are modeled by means of the rigid finite element method and a system of collecting shells modeled by means of the hybrid finite element method. The paper discusses both the procedure of deriving the equations of motion and the results of numerical simulations carried out in order to analyze vibrations of the whole system. Experimental verification of the model is also presented.
Validation of Three Staging Systems for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (JIS Score, Biomarker-Combined JIS Score and BCLC System) in 4,649 Cases from a Japanese Nationwide Survey
Authors: Kitai Satoshi , Kudo Masatoshi , Izumi Namiki , Kaneko Shuichi , Ku Yonson , Kokudo Norihiro , Sakamoto Michiie , Takayama Tadatoshi , Nakashima Osamu , Kadoya Masumi , Matsuyama Yutaka , Matsunaga Takashi ,   for the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan
Published: October 2014

Objective: Clinical staging is very important for optimal therapeutic strategy and prognostic prediction in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system is the most widely used and best-validated method for HCC. Similarly, the conventional Japan Integrated Staging (c-JIS) score and the biomarker-combined JIS (bm-JIS) score have also been reported to effectively stratify HCC patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of these three staging systems for prognostic prediction. Methods: A total of 4,649 HCC patients were included in this study. A multivariate analysis identified the independent risk factors associated with overall survival. The stratification ability and the suitability as a prognostic model of the three staging systems were compared. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex, higher Child-Pugh score, tumor size >2.0 cm, multiple tumors, vascular invasion, higher alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, higher des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin level, higher Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP level, and a performance status of 3-4 were independent risk factors in HCC. The independent homogenizing ability and stratification value of the bm-JIS score were higher than those of the c-JIS score and the BCLC system (χ2 = 972.7581, 758.1041 and 679.6832, respectively). Moreover, the bm-JIS score had the lowest Akaike Information Criteria value, followed by the c-JIS score and the BCLC system (9,844.278, 10,054.93 and 10,131.35, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the bm-JIS score offers good stratification ability and is a better prognostic predictor than the c-JIS score and the BCLC system.
The Functional SNP rs3746804 in C20orf54 Modifies Susceptibility to Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ji Aifang , Ma Liang , Yang Jianzhou , Xu Yanjun , Wang Jinsheng , Lian Changhong , Wang Yeyu , Li Dan , Dong Wang L. , Wu Wei
Published: October 2014

SummaryObjective: The aim of the present study was to explore the association of the functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3746804 in C20orf54 with the susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: SNP rs3746804 in C20orf54 was detected by direct sequencing in 434 ESCC patients and 554 healthy controls from Shanxi and Henan Provinces in China, geographically a high incidence area for ESCC. The frequencies and distribution of TT, CT, and CC genotypes of SNP rs3746804 between those 2 cohorts were compared and its association with ESCC was assessed. Results: For SNP rs3746804 the genotype distribution of CT and CC in ESCC patients both significantly differed from those in healthy controls (p = 0.002, 0.001, respectively), while the distribution of TT did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.757). The ratio of T:C was high in healthy individuals and low in ESCC patients. Compared to genotype CC, both genotypes CT (odds ratio (OR) = 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48l-0.826), and CT+TT (OR = 0.654, 95% CI 0.507-0.844) were associated with significantly decreased risk for ESCC. Conclusion: A close association exists between functional SNP rs3746804 in C20orf54 and susceptibility to ESCC.
RNase1 prevents the damaging interplay between extracellular RNA and tumour necrosis factor-α in cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Cabrera-Fuentes Hector , Inserte Javier , Saffarzadeh Mona , Galuska Sebastian , Vijayan Vijith , Barba Ignasi , Barreto Guillermo , Fischer Silvia , Lochnit Günter , Ilinskaya Olga , Baumgart-Vogt Eveline , Böning Andreas , Lecour Sandrine , Hausenloy Derek , Liehn Elisa , Garcia-Dorado David , Schlüter Klaus-Dieter , Ruiz-Meana Marisol , Simsekyilmaz Sakine , Kostin Sawa , Preissner Klaus
Published: October 2014

Despite optimal therapy, the morbidity and mortality of patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction (MI) remain significant, and the initial mechanistic trigger of myocardial “ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury” remains greatly unexplained. Here we show that factors released from the damaged cardiac tissue itself, in particular extracellular RNA (eRNA) and tumour-necrosis-factor α (TNF-α), may dictate I/R injury. In an experimental in vivo mouse model of myocardial I/R as well as in the isolated I/R Langendorff-perfused rat heart, cardiomyocyte death was induced by eRNA and TNF-α. Moreover, TNF-α promoted further eRNA release especially under hypoxia, feeding a vicious cell damaging cycle during I/R with the massive production of oxygen radicals, mitochondrial obstruction, decrease in antioxidant enzymes and decline of cardiomyocyte functions. The administration of RNase1 significantly decreased myocardial infarction in both experimental models. This regimen allowed the reduction in cytokine release, normalisation of antioxidant enzymes as well as preservation of cardiac tissue. Thus, RNase1 administration provides a novel therapeutic regimen to interfere with the adverse eRNA-TNF-α interplay and significantly reduces or prevents the pathological outcome of ischaemic heart disease.
Chusquea nedjaquithii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Chusqueinae), a new endemic species from Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Ruiz-Sanchez Eduardo , Mejía-Saulés Teresa , Clark Lynn G.
Published: October 2014

Chusquea is the most diverse among woody bamboo genera, with 174 described species. Not surprisingly, Chusquea is the most diverse bamboo genus in Mexico, and with the description of C. nedjaquithii the number of species will increase to 20, representing almost 45% of the total Mexican woody bamboo diversity. Based on fieldwork in the Mexican state of Oaxaca and revision of herbarium specimens we describe and illustrate C. nedjaquithii, a species endemic to the Sierra Madre del Sur in Oaxaca, Mexico. Chusquea nedjaquithii is similar to C. liebmannii but differs in having culms with deciduous hairs, an oblate central bud and fewer subsidiary buds, strongly geniculate branches in one row forming an incomplete verticil, oblique foliage leaf blade bases, and longer inner ligules in the foliage leaves. A key to the Mexican Chusquea species based on vegetative characters is provided.
Physical education as an aesthetic-ethical educational project
Authors: da Costa Luísa Ávila , McNamee Michael , Lacerda Teresa Oliveira
Published: October 2014

Commencing with a discussion of the various conceptions of education for the development of humanity, this essay articulates four essential vectors of educational processes – epistemic, ethical, aesthetic, and political, as they are instantiated in Physical Education. Drawing on philosophical literature, it is argued that the sporting activities that typically comprise physical educational curricula can afford opportunities to experience and to open the athletic self to epistemic, political and especially aesthetic notions, and not merely ethical ones, as recent scholarship has tended to focus on. This essay explores the four vectors in the context of the modern urban self.
Influence of Al/Ti atomic ratio on hard Al–TiCN films
Authors: Li F. , Lin Y. , Chen W. , Kwon S-C. , Li M. , Zhang S.
Published: October 2014

The present work aimed to improve the wear resistance of titanium carbonitride (TiCN) films by the solid solution of aluminium atoms forming aluminium–TiCN films with varying Al/Ti atomic ratios, which was deposited by arc ion plating technique with a gas mixture of Ar, N2 and C2H2. The wear rate of the films was investigated by a Pin-On-Disc wear tester at room temperature (RT) and 600°C. The results indicated that the aluminium addition induced the increase in wear rate at RT. However, the Al introduced films showed good antifriction effect at 600°C, possessing lower wear rate than TiCN films, and their antiwear property was continuously improved with further increasing the Al/Ti atomic ratio. The mechanism of wear was discussed considering the temperature and oxygenic factors.
Editorial: Dexamethasone and MDSC in transplantation: yes to NO
Authors: Ochando J C , Conde P
Published: October 2014

Discussion on the manipulation of myeloid suppressor cells as a novel therapeutic approach in organ transplantation.
ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT OF THE OF CONSTANTLY OPERATING MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Стародубцев  , Starodubtsev V. , Фарафонов  , Farafonov A.
Published: October 2014

Developed upgraded combinatorial algorithm of group method of data handling (GMDH) to identify the target functions of students’ knowledge quality (SKQ), which implements a rational calculation process with the estimation procedure of independent parameters and order of external criteria application for the optimal models selection
How can cognitive behavioural therapy help patients with appearance anxiety?
Authors: Jenkinson Elizabeth
Published: October 2014

A growing body of research and clinical observations is showing that people with visible differences or disfigurements are prone to developing anxiety and social anxiety related to their appearance. In severe cases, this can result in social withdrawal. Elizabeth Jenkinson considers how nurses and psychologists might help support people who feel so anxious about their looks that it impacts on their quality of life
Alex Karidis, St John and St Elizabeth Hospital: a consultation with a cosmetic surgeon
Authors: Zadah Kate
Published: October 2014

When providing advice on running a successful clinic, nothing is better than experiencing the patient journey yourself, from the reception to the treatment room. In this practice management series, PR professional Kate Zadah travels the UK visiting clinics and reviewing their layouts, customer service, treatment menus and follow-up care. She will also highlight areas for improvement for each one
Propagation of Software Model Changes in the Context of Industrial Plant Automation
Authors: Kehrer Timo , Kelter Udo , Taentzer Gabriele
Published: October 2014

Model-based Software Development (MBSD) is a promising approach to successfully manage the evolution of software in industrial plant
automation. In MBSD, models are central development artifacts. They often exist in several variants which evolve in parallel, e.g. in
different customer's installations. Local improvements during operation and maintenance usually have to be propagated to other
variants or back-ported to a central base version. This paper describes a technology which enables developers to propagate changes
between models without compromising the consistency of target models.
Computational models of upper-limb motion during functional reaching tasks for application in FES-based stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Freeman Chris , Exell Tim , Meadmore Katie , Hallewell Emma , Hughes Ann-Marie
Published: October 2014

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been shown to be an effective approach to upper-limb stroke rehabilitation, where it is used to assist arm and shoulder motion. Model-based FES controllers have recently confirmed significant potential to improve accuracy of functional reaching tasks, but they typically require a reference trajectory to track. Few upper-limb FES control schemes embed a computational model of the task; however, this is critical to ensure the controller reinforces the intended movement with high accuracy. This paper derives computational motor control models of functional tasks that can be directly embedded in real-time FES control schemes, removing the need for a predefined reference trajectory. Dynamic models of the electrically stimulated arm are first derived, and constrained optimisation problems are formulated to encapsulate common activities of daily living. These are solved using iterative algorithms, and results are compared with kinematic data from 12 subjects and found to fit closely (mean fitting between 63.2% and 84.0%). The optimisation is performed iteratively using kinematic variables and hence can be transformed into an iterative learning control algorithm by replacing simulation signals with experimental data. The approach is therefore capable of controlling FES in real time to assist tasks in a manner corresponding to unimpaired natural movement. By ensuring that assistance is aligned with voluntary intention, the controller hence maximises the potential effectiveness of future stroke rehabilitation trials.
Rapid Determination of the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) Function in an Oscillatory Baffled Reactor (OBR) Using a Design of Experiments (DoE) Approach
Authors: Abbott Matthew Stanley Richard , Harvey Adam P. , Morrison Michelle I.
Published: October 2014

Residence time distribution (RTD) profiles were investigated in a standard oscillatory baffled reactor (OBR) as a function of oscillatory and bulk flow components using a design of experiments (DoE) approach. A second-order, polynomial model (R2=92.1%) was fitted toNvalues estimated from concentration profiles and used to maximise plug flow conditions. The velocity ratio (Ψ) required to maximise plug flow was 1.9, agreeing well with the range previously identified by Stonestreet and van der Veeken (1.8 <Ψ< 2.0), suggesting that the approach used here is valid. This method could be used to rapidly quantify and maximise plug flow in various OBR designs in a simple and robust manner which could prove valuable for the operation and design of continuous processes using OBR technology.
Effect of Shoulder Surface Dimension and Geometries on FSW of AA7039
Authors: Devuri Venkateswarlu , Mahapatra M. M. , Harsha S. P. , Mandal N. R.
Published: October 2014

In the present study, friction stir welding of AA7039 butt plates were investigated with respect to threaded probed tools having different shoulder diameters and shoulder surface geometries. The ultimate tensile properties, micro hardness and grain size of the welds were investigated with respect to the varying tool geometries. The mechanical properties of the welded joints were observed to be influenced by the shoulder diameter and shoulder surface geometry. With the increase in the shoulder diameter, the effect of shoulder concavity on refining the weld grain size diminished. Good quality welds were produced by using tools with semi-concave shoulder surface having shoulder and probe diameters of 19 mm and 7 mm respectively. The fracture surfaces of AA7039 weld samples were dimpled and the crack front energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis exhibited absence of segregation of Zn.
Energy-saving quality road lighting with colloidal quantum dot nanophosphors
Authors: Erdem Talha , Kelestemur Yusuf , Soran-Erdem Zeliha , Ji Yun , Demir Hilmi Volkan
Published: October 2014

Here the first photometric study of road-lighting white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) integrated with semiconductor colloidal quantum dots (QDs) is reported enabling higher luminance than conventional light sources, specifically in mesopic vision regimes essential to street lighting. Investigating over 100 million designs uncovers that quality road-lighting QD-WLEDs, with a color quality scale and color rendering index ≥85, enables 13–35% higher mesopic luminance than the sources commonly used in street lighting. Furthermore, these QD-WLEDs were shown to be electrically more efficient than conventional sources with power conversion efficiencies ≥16–29%. Considering this fact, an experimental proof-of-concept QD-WLED was demonstrated, which is the first account of QD based color conversion custom designed for street lighting applications. The obtained white LED achieved the targeted mesopic luminance levels in accordance with the road lighting standards of the USA and the UK. These results indicate that road-lighting QD-WLEDs are strongly promising for energy-saving quality road lighting.
Cezanne (OTUD7B) regulates HIF‐1α homeostasis in a proteasome‐independent manner
Authors: Bremm Anja , Moniz Sonia , Mader Julia , Rocha Sonia , Komander David
Published: October 2014

The transcription factor HIF‐1α is essential for cells to rapidly adapt to low oxygen levels (hypoxia). HIF‐1α is frequently deregulated in cancer and correlates with poor patient prognosis. Here, we demonstrate that the deubiquitinase Cezanne regulates HIF‐1α homeostasis. Loss of Cezanne decreases HIF‐1α target gene expression due to a reduction in HIF‐1α protein levels. Surprisingly, although the Cezanne‐regulated degradation of HIF‐1α depends on the tumour suppressor pVHL, hydroxylase and proteasome activity are dispensable. Our data suggest that Cezanne is essential for HIF‐1α protein stability and that loss of Cezanne stimulates HIF‐1α degradation via proteasome‐independent routes, possibly through chaperone‐mediated autophagy.
Music of female shamans in Japan
Authors: Kárpáti János
Published: October 2014

There are two basic types of Japanese female shamans, representing two different categories regarding their social position and their musical activities. (1) The medium type shamaness, the itako comes from a stratum of the rural society which lives in relative modesty and whose musical activities belong to folk art. The ceremony takes place in the itako’s house, in front of the house altar, kneeling on tatami. She improvises dialogs with previously living persons who speak through her mouth, or recites stories, ballads to “entertain” the deities. Among her musical instruments, the weapon-like catalpa bow holds an outstanding place. (2) The other type of shamaness, the miko is connected with the functions of shrines, their social position is basically on par with that of priests active in Shintô shrines. The miko’s main musical activity is to perform ceremonial dances in front of the shrine. Their dances are accompanied by chant and/or small instrumental groups (flute, drum). The third, indispensable instrument is the sistrum, held by the dancers themselves. The paper is based on the author’s personal field research conducted in 1988 and 1994.
Chemical Oxygen Demand and Color Removal from Textile Wastewater by UV/H2O2 Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Yonar T. , Kilic M. Yalili
Published: October 2014

The photooxidation of pollutants, especially chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color, in textile industrial wastewater was performed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), using 256 nm UV light (15 W), to model the discoloration and COD elimination processes and characterize the influence of process variables. Within this study, data were obtained through a NeuroSolutions 5.06 model and successfully tested. Each sample was characterized by three independent variables (i.e., pH, H2O2 concentration, and time of operation) and two dependent variables (i.e., color and COD). The results indicated that pH was the predominant variable, and the reaction mean time and H2O2 volume were the less influential variables. The neural model obtained presented coefficients of correlation of 99% for COD and 97% for color, indicating the prediction power of the model and its character of generalization.
Simultaneous Removal of Pesticides from Water by Rice Husk Ash: Batch and Column Studies
Authors: Saha Ajoy , Gajbhiye V. T. , Gupta Suman , Kumar Rajesh , Ghosh Rakesh Kumar
Published: October 2014

The present study evaluated rice husk ash (RHA) as an adsorbent for simultaneous removal of a mixture of seven different pesticides (alachlor, metolachlor, chlorpyriphos, fipronil, α‐endosulfan, β‐endosulfan, and p,p′‐DDT) and two metabolites (p,p′‐DDE and endosulfan sulfate) from water. The adsorbent RHA was prepared in the laboratory and characterized by techniques such as X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry. Adsorption kinetics were well described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The Freundlich isotherm model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Langmuir model, and the maximum sorption capacity varied from 0.078 to 0.166 mg/g. The column elution studies showed that 10 L of mixed pesticide‐contaminated water (0.05 mg/L) can be treated with only 10 g of RHA at a removal efficiency of 90%. The results implied that RHA can be used as a low‐cost, easily available, and efficient adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of pesticides from contaminated water.