bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Computational Perspective on the Roles of Affect in Cognitive Control
Authors: Grahek Ivan , Musslick Sebastian , Shenhav Amitai
Published: February 2020

Previous work has demonstrated that cognitive control can be influenced by affect, both when it is tied to the anticipated outcomes for cognitive performance (integral affect) and when affect is induced independently of performance (incidental affect). However, the mechanisms through which such interactions occur remain debated, in part because they have yet to be formalized in a way that allows experimenters to test quantitative predictions of a putative mechanism. To generate such predictions, we leveraged a recent model that determines cognitive control allocation by weighing potential costs and benefits in order to determine the overall Expected Value of Control (EVC). We simulated potential accounts of how integral and incidental affect might influence this valuation process, including whether incidental positive affect influences how difficult one perceives a task to be, how effortful it feels to exert control, and/or the marginal utility of succeeding at the task. We find that each of these accounts makes dissociable predictions regarding affect’s influence on control allocation and measures of task performance (e.g., conflict adaptation, switch costs). We discuss these findings in light of the existing empirical findings and theoretical models. Collectively, this work grounds existing theories regarding affect-control interactions, and provides a method by which specific predictions of such accounts can be confirmed or refuted based on empirical data.
Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression relate differentially to longitudinal structural brain development across adolescence
Authors: Ferschmann Lia , Vijayakumar Nandita , Grydeland Håkon , Overbye Knut , Mills Kathryn L. , Fjell Anders M. , Walhovd Kristine Beate , Pfeifer Jennifer H , Tamnes Christian K.
Published: February 2020

Emotional disorders commonly emerge in adolescence, a period characterized by changes in emotion-related processes. Thus, the ability to regulate emotions is crucial for well-being and adaptive social functioning during this period. Concurrently, the brain undergoes large structural and functional changes. We investigated relations between tendencies to use two emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and structural development of the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures (specifically amygdala and nucleus accumbens given these structures are frequently associated with emotion regulation). A total of 112 participants (59 females) aged 8-26 were followed for up to 3 times over a 7-year period, providing 272 observations. Participants completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), yielding a measure of tendencies to use cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression at the final time point. Linear mixed model analyses were performed to account for the longitudinal nature of the data. Contrary to expectations, volumetric growth of the amygdala and nucleus accumbens was not associated with either emotion regulation strategy. However, frequent use of expressive suppression was linked to greater regionally-specific apparent cortical thinning in both sexes, while tendency to use cognitive reappraisal was associated with greater regionally-specific apparent thinning in females and less thinning in males. Although cognitive reappraisal is traditionally associated with cognitive control regions of the brain, our results suggest it is also associated with regions involved in social cognition and semantics. The continued changes in cortical morphology and their associations with habitual use of different emotion regulation strategies indicate continued plasticity during this period, and represent an opportunity for interventions targeting emotion regulation for adolescents at risk.
Lack of theory building and testing impedes progress in the factor and network literature
Authors: Fried Eiko I
Published: February 2020

The last decade has brought reforms to improve methodological practices, with the goal to increase the reliability and replicability of effects. However, explanations of effects remain scarce, and a growing chorus of scholars argues that the replicability crisis has distracted from a crisis of theory. In the same decade, the empirical literature using factor and network models has grown rapidly. I discuss three ways in which this literature falls short of theory building and testing. First, statistical and theoretical models are conflated, leading to invalid inferences such as the existence of psychological constructs based on factor models, or recommendations for clinical interventions based on network models. I demonstrate this inferential gap in a simulation study on statistical equivalence: excellent model fit does little to corroborate a theory, regardless of quality or quantity of data. Second, researchers fail to explicate theories about psychological constructs, but use implicit causal beliefs to guide inferences. These latent theories have led to problematic best practices in psychological research where inferences are drawn based on one specific causal model that is assumed, but not explicated. Third, explicated theories are often weak theories: narrative and imprecise descriptions vulnerable to hidden assumptions and unknowns. They fail to make clear predictions, and it remains unclear whether statistical effects corroborate such theories or not. Weak theories are immune to refutation or revision. I argue that these three challenges to theory building and testing are common and harmful, and impede theory formation, failure, and reform. A renewed focus on theoretical psychology and formal models offers a way forward.
Dural Injury During Placement of Burrholes- Single Center Study
Authors: Biswakarma Pushpa , Limbu Punam
Published: February 2020

Background and purpose: Dural tear is one of the unpleasant complications for the neurosurgeon during craniotomy. The injury might be outer dural injury or complete dural tear in nature. With the objective to see the frequency of dural injury and to analysis the association factor this study was performed prospectively.

Material and method: This is a Prospective analytical study over the duration of 2 months. All the consecutive patients, who operated for neurosurgical pathologies where drill burr was necessary, were included in this study. Association between age, gender, diagnosis category and number of burrs and dural injury was done using Fischer’s exact test or correlation whenever necessary.

Result: There were total of 19 patients enrolled in the study with mean age of patient in this study was 49.11 (S.D 17.13) years. Majority of them were male (79%) and head injury (47%) was the commonest pathology in the study. correlation between number of burr and dural tear was significant

Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between age and dural injury. However, significant correlation was seen between number of burr holes made during the procedure with dural injury.
Prevalence of Head Injury of Patients Arriving in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Yadav Arbindra Kumar , Rajbanshi Jagat Narayan , Kushwaha Saroj Kumar , Nepal Pankaj Raj
Published: February 2020

Background and purpose: The prevalence of head injury is increasing with increasing number of automobiles, especially motorbike. With the objective to evaluate the prevalence of head injury and factors that could affect the severity of head injury, this study was performed in a tertiary hospital at far- eastern Nepal.

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study over the duration of one year. Association of age, gender, and mode of injury was checked with severity of injury using Chi-square test where P-value was kept significant at <0.01.

Result: Total numbers of patient admitted through the emergency department, during the study period, were 832. Mean age of patient in the study group was 34.59 (SD 18.92) years. Majority of them falls in the category of 20-29 years. Among the different categories of head injuries, mild head injury (76%) was the most common presentation followed by moderate head injury and severe head injury, which were 14% and 10% respectively.

 Conclusion: Head injury seems to be the major cause of emergency admission in for eastern part of Nepal. Among them road traffic accidents seems to be the major burden which is more common in young gentlemen with significant number of severe head injury.
Recepcja twórczości filmowej Grigorija Czuchraja w Polsce
Authors: Kalita Liliana
Published: February 2020

The text aims at presenting the discussion and evaluation of Grigorij Czuchraj’s films, the creator of the new wave in the Soviet cinema, as conducted by Polish film critics. The artist’s films have received numerous reviews and comments both in specialist and popular press, as well as on the Internet. The younger generation have been able to get acquainted with Czuchraj’s films thanks to the DVD collection. The criticism points out the importance of the director in Polish-Russian cultural relationships, and describes the way his works have been perceived by Polish viewers.
Zgłębianie Rosji św. Matki Marii (Skobcowej) w świetle aktualnych problemów emigrantologii
Authors: Ojcewicz Grzegorz
Published: February 2020

In this publication I discuss a 1927 article written by Elizaveta Skobtsova in which she pro-vided her programme of immediate and long-term remedial actions to be taken urgently by the Russian emigration community in order to mentally prepare for the fight against the evil residing at the Kremlin in Moscow. The author established specific initiatives, suggested their respective performers and deadlines. Some actions were meant to be taken individually, while others required organisational support in the form of seminar discussion groups. First as Elizaveta Skobtsova and later as Mother Maria, by means of setting her own example the Paris nun proved the accuracy of her attitude and the aptness of her assessment of the historical, political and religious situation of those days.
Obraz Jaryły w wierszach Siergieja Gorodieckiego
Authors: Potyrańska Agnieszka
Published: February 2020

This paper offers to divagate on the matter of mythopoeic view on Slavic god – Jarilo – in poems of Sergey Gorodetsky (from ”Ярь” tome(1905)). The etymology of ”Jarilo” name was analyzed. It symbolizes strength flowing from youth, severity, and even spring, of which arrival was celebrated in a special way, that required a particular time-space. Our task is to track, in what extend Russian poet uses Slavic folk traditions, and reflects them in his works, and to what extend he modifies traditional motifs. There is a reference i.e. to Vyacheslav Ivanov and Vladimir Toporov findings. We underlined the relations between celebration of Jarila holidays with Bakhtin’s concept of life carnivalesque.
Wierzenia i idee sekciarskie w rosjoznawstwie polskim pierwszych dekad wieku XX
Authors: Kaźmierczyk Zbigniew
Published: February 2020

The paper discusses Karol Potkański’s study of Russia called Constantine and Methodius (1905) with reference to Tadeusz Nalepiński’s work The Spirit King of Russian. He’s coming!,Władysław Jabłonowski’s Around the Sphinx. Studies of life and world of the Russian people (1901),Two cultures. Historical and literary studies (1913), Stanisław Kutrzeba’s Sources and contrasts of Polish and Russian cultures (1916), Marian Zdziechowski’s Selected works,Bogumił Jasinowski’sEastern Christianity and Russia (1933) and others. It attempts to show the religious studies’ current in the Polish research in Russia which was open not as much to the Orthodox Church as to the Rus-sian sectarianism. The author follows ethnogenetic intuitions of Russia historians signalized after the Russian Revolution of 1905 in relation to their inquiries into widely-comprehended Russian spirituality and psychology. He records what was said about the radical dualism of Slavs and their Iranian origin. He shows it is historically justified to use religious studies’ method in Russian studies. He proves the efficiency of dualism as a model for analyzing Russian history. He indicates the key to history through the sectarian beliefs and ideas of Gnostic-Manichaean provenance.
Przełomowy moment w rozwoju słowianofilstwa
Authors: Poliszczuk Jarosław
Published: February 2020

The research is dedicated to the development of Slavic idea in the Ukrainian romantic circles of adherents, namely in the secret circle, called Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius, which existed in Kyiv during 1846–1847 years. That comradeship represented its own original understanding of Slavic problems. After it was eliminated by the regime of the Russian Empire, all Slavophil movements were stopped and theirs participants were persecuted and arrested. That is why the author of the article treats 1847 as a year of arresting Kyiv’s conspirators and as a time of change in the development of Slavic ideology.
Rola tekstów o charakterze religijnym XVIII wieku w poznaniu żywego języka ruskojęzycznej ludności dawnej Rzeczypospolitej (na materiale tekstu Bohosłowija nrawouczytelnaja, Poczajów 1751)
Authors: Getka Joanna
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this article is to present the role of religious texts in the analysis of common language of the people of the former Commonwealth of the Two Nations. The subject of the analysis is the text Bohoslowija nrawouczytelnaja... published in the basilian’s printing house in Pochayev in 1751. Textual features of living Ukrainian language (approximation of articulation [i] and [y], hardness [t] and [d], morphological features) are common tendencies, and can be a testimony of the state of the Ukrainian language of the eighteenth century. The analysis supports the thesis of evolutionary development of Ukrainian written language.
Frazeologizm czarna dziura / черная дыра w słownikach oraz tekstach współczesnego języka polskiego i rosyjskiego
Authors: Miturska-Bojanowska Jolanta
Published: February 2020

In the second half of the last century the English term black hole was borrowed into Polish and Russian. Soon, secondary meanings began to appear predominantly in journalistic texts. They have been partially recorded in linguistic dictionaries. The aim of this paper is to show the secondary meanings of the phrase czarna dziura / чернаядыра listed in dictionaries as well as those present only in Polish and Russian texts.
Elementy kultury trzeciej oraz realia wojny afgańskiej w rosyjskim w przekładzie utworu Żmija Andrzeja Sapkowskiego
Authors: Dziwisz Marcin
Published: February 2020

This text focuses on the issue of war in Afghanistan from 1979–1989 and its realities. The lexicon associated with the everyday life of Afghanistan civilians and Soviet soldiers was analysed. The observations indicate that additional information appears more often in the translated text, which makes it much more transparent for the final recipient. This fact was confirmed by the statistical data, only one footnote can be found in the Polish text and 173 in the Russian text.
Obrazy postaci mitologicznych w oryginałach i przekładach wybranych wierszy Siergieja Gorodieckiego
Authors: Potyrańska Agnieszka
Published: February 2020

This article brings the idea on the subject of a mythopoetic approach to the characters from Slavic mythology in translations of poems by Sergey Gorodetsky into Polish. This article focuses on the following works: Полюбовники (1906) – Miłośnicy (1971) and Предки (without a date) – Przodkowie (1971). The intent is to analyse the translations and to track to what extent the trans-lator reflected the specificity of the characters from lower mythology (Russian леший, черт) pre-sented in the original, and how much their image has changed in the translation. The analysis will also focus on the “inner form of the word” (Potiebnia) to show how specific translational actions influence the perception of the lyrical situation shown in the poems. Finally, the extent to which equilinearity and equirythmicality have been preserved in the above-mentioned examples will be examined (Kwiatkowski).
Pobyt Adama Mickiewicza w Rosji w świetle Zapisków Ksenofonta Polewoja
Authors: Dąbrowska Magdalena
Published: February 2020

This paper presents The Notes (published in Saint Petersburg, 1888) by Xenophon Polevoy (1801–1867), Nikolai’s brother, from a perspective of Adam Mickiewicz’s stay in Russia. It concerns Mickiewicz’s meetings with the Russian poets (A. Pushkin, I. Kozlov and others) in 1825 and 1826, his relations with them and the reception of Crimean Sonnets and Konrad Wallenrod in Russia. Polevoy highly values the Polish poet and considers his contacts with Russians to be friendly. An interpretive background is the periodical “Moskovskij tielegraf”.
Kształtowanie się modelu zarządu Ziem Odzyskanych w latach 1944-1945
Authors: Majer Tomasz Tadeusz
Published: February 2020

The construction of the state apparatus is usually a complicated and long process, requiring not only legislative, but also material and social base.The deficit of all these elements made the organization of the Polish administration in the Recovered Territories a serious challenge, both from the logistical and the formal point of view. In these circumstances, the efficiency of actions was a priority. For this reason, the administration on this territorieshad to be simplified. Before the final model for the administration of recovered lands was developed, there were several temporary variants. In this study, the author tries to present a further variant of the administration of the recovered territories.
Prawo do środowiska w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Authors: Habuda Adam
Published: February 2020

Artykuł skupia się na rozumieniu prawnym terminu „prawo do środowiska”. Autor analizuje owo sformułowanie w kontekście Konstytucji RP orazodnosząc się do ustawodawstwa zwykłego z zakresu ochrony przyrody. Zaznacza, że źródeł prawa do środowiska można poszukiwać w koncepcji sprawiedliwości ekologicznej oraz w terminie „bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne”. Konkluduje, że są wątpliwości co do mówienia o ogólnym prawie do środowiska,i że lepiej chyba używać terminu „prawo do poszczególnych wartości środowiska, w tym przyrody”.
Transformatywny potencjał mediacji w sprawach rodzinnych
Authors: Zienkiewicz Adam
Published: February 2020

The main aim of the article is to draw attention to the transformative potential of mediation that can be used especially when resolving family disputes. At the beginning, the considerations focus on presenting the author’s understanding of the basic concepts of „mediation” and „personal transformation” that shape the understanding of the transformative potential of mediation. Various mediation goals are then identified and goals were set, the implementation of which can significantly realize the transformative potential of mediation. The third part of the article presents the most important assumptions of the transformative strategy of mediation. The conclusion summarises the transformative potential of mediation in the context of selected aspects of family disputes, especially between divorced spouses.
Ocena stanu zdrowia podejrzanego w postępowaniu karnym
Authors: Żywucka-Kozłowska Elżbieta
Published: February 2020

The medical condition of human is the domain of medical science. This issue is also interesting for other fields of science. Psychology and law are anexample. The assessment of human health is a complicated task. Specialists must have considerable knowledge to check the psychological state of theperpetrator and to eliminate the criminal liability of the perpetrator if the premises are preserved.
Idea oraz prawne i faktyczne uwarunkowania funkcjonowania obowiązkowego egzemplarza bibliotecznego w Polsce
Authors: Gomoliszek Joanna
Published: February 2020

W artykule zaprezentowano najważniejsze polskie regulacje prawne związane z egzemplarzem obowiązkowym. Na tym tle odniesiono się do faktycznych warunków funkcjonowania tego przywileju w środowisku. Wskazano zagadnienia, które na przestrzeni lat kreowały sytuację na rynku książki, odnosząc się zarówno do zmieniających się warunków ustrojowych, społecznych, jak i gospodarczych. Dodatkowo nakreślono główne kierunki zmian w kwestii egzemplarza obowiązkowego.
Zastrzeżenia do Europejskiej Konwencji o Ochronie Praw Człowieka i Podstawowych Wolności
Authors: Burek Wojciech
Published: February 2020

The first part of this article presents Article 57 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) and other reservation clauses (in protocols to the Convention) and discusses the characteristics of a system of reservations established by the ECHR and its Protocols. The second and third part analyse and critically appraise states’ practice concerning the formulation of reservations, and objections to other states’ reservations/declarations. The latter were formulated only in respect to some reservations formulated to the Protocol No. 1 to the ECHR. Before concluding with a general assessment of how this system works and what was its impact on other treaty regimes and on the general discussion on reservations to treaties, the role of the European Court of Human Rights (and the Commission before the entry into force of the Protocol No. 11) in the context of reservations is also discussed.
Evaluation of assistance in the Riding Therapy Centers of a city in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul- Brazil
Authors: Silva Carine Nascimento da , Vieira Camila Kuhn , Hoffmeister Jeferson Aristeu Maciel , Lamaison Marcia Elisa , Peranzoni Vaneza Cauduro
Published: February 2020

Throughout the development of the sciences and in search of an answer to disturbing questions, professionals from different areas of knowledge, mainly health, sought and seek alternatives to assist in the treatment of different diseases and limitations, which affects individuals, causing irreversible biopsychosocial damage. In this view, and in order to assist in the treatment, Equine Therapy has been discovered as a therapeutic resource, a therapeutic and educational method that uses the horse from an interdisciplinary approach between the areas of health and education. Thus, this study aims to analyze the Riding Therapy Centers of Santa Maria, in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, aiming to evaluate the services according to the ANDE-BRASIL norms in the biopsychosocial development of people with intellectual needs. For this, a survey was carried out with questionnaires and observations in three Riding Therapy centers in the city of Santa Maria - RS, between May and June 2019, realizing that riding therapy develops the inclusion and improves the practitioner's biopsychosocial aspects in a mediating and complementary way. treatment proposed by conventional medicine, since this therapy offers a variety of stimuli: visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile and kinesthetic. It is concluded, therefore, that hippotherapy, not only benefits people with intellectual needs, but several pathologies, being difficult to focus its benefits only in one pathology, since, it benefits the global development, both of the patient, and of the team involved, bringing a improvement for patient, family and community involved.
Food Science from the Perspective of the Nutrition Professional
Authors: Almeida Castro Luis Henrique , Bezerra de Souza Diego , Mendes Monteiro Geanlucas , Penaves de Alencar Gildiney , Alves dos Santos João Vitor , Barbosa Neto Lúcio , De Souza Cosmo Raphael , Teixeira Pereira Thiago , Da Silva Moraes Wesley Sebastião , Viegas de Oliveira Cristiane Martins
Published: February 2020

This work had as thematic the study in analysis of foods from the perspective of the nutrition professional. The objective of the research was to seek the training of this professional for the then analysis of the performance in quality control and formulation of products, with the perspective of assistance to projects carried out on site. This research was conducted in a community cafeteria located in a university in the interior of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil. As a data collection tool, preparation technical sheets were used in which costs were collected, the preparation order, and the nutritional value provided. Sensory observation was used as an analysis of the data in order to measure and analyze and interpret the reactions of food and material characteristics. It appears that with the identification, attributions and activities developed by a nutritionist in the area, it became possible to analyze the processing of raw material and industrialized food products, according to the needs presented by the site. As for the points not reached were not due to any other factors than those related to the specificities of the research site, which did not prevent the acquisition of theoretical, practical, scientific, social and environmental knowledge of the points concerning the area of action of the nutritionist professional within the field of food science.
Evaluation of mechanical properties of graphite produced asphalt mixtures
Authors: Gomes Pereira Alex , De Morais Lacerda Benício , Pena da Silva e Silva Matheus , Rodrigues Spínola Juliano , Karollynne Castro Monteiro Anne , Alves da Frota Consuelo
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho avalia o comportamento mecânico do concreto asfáltico embebido em grafite natural (CA-GRAFP) de um aparelho de flexão de 4 pontos. Os modelos experimentais apresentaram frequências de 0,1 Hz, 0,2 Hz, 0,5 Hz, 1 Hz, 2 Hz, 5 Hz, 10 Hz e 20 Hz e temperaturas de 0 ° C a 40 ° C em incrementos de 5 ° C conforme EN 12697 -26. O objetivo foi avaliar o uso de grafite natural na substituição de uma carga tradicional, bem como avaliar as propriedades relacionadas à rigidez resultante de inúmeras combinações de carga. Os resultados mostraram que as amostras de concreto asfáltico embebido em grafite (CA-GRAFP) tiveram um aumento no seu módulo elástico quando comparado ao concreto asfáltico de referência (CA-REF) à medida que a frequência e a temperatura aumentaram.
Innovative approach to the difficult ventricular shunt using pleural access device for maintenance drainage: case report
Authors: Weeks Sharon R. , Gosztyla Carolyn E. , Davidson Laurence , Pryor Howard I.
Published: February 2020

Patients with complex medical problems and multiple failed ventricular shunts require continued innovation for hydrocephalus management. The authors report the case of a 4-year-old boy with refractory hydrocephalus and secondary reduced ability to absorb CSF in both the pleural and peritoneal cavities following renal transplantation. A novel management approach was devised with split shunting to pleural and peritoneal targets as well as prophylactic pleural port placement to provide a method for minimally invasive thoracentesis should symptomatic pleural effusions develop. Fluid was successfully aspirated via the pleural port with relief of symptoms over a period of 16 months without complication. The authors demonstrate that a previously undescribed approach to distal shunting can prevent neurological sequelae of shunt failure and permit noninvasive maintenance drainage for patients in whom symptomatic pleural effusion is a recurrent complication.
Functional and resting-state characterizations of a periventricular heterotopic nodule associated with epileptogenic activity
Authors: Nolan Richard L. , Brandmeir Nicholas , Tucker Eric S. , Magruder John L. , Lee Mark R. , Chen Gang , Lewis James W.
Published: February 2020

The object of this study was to extensively characterize a region of periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) in an epilepsy patient to reveal its possible neurocognitive functional role(s). The authors used 3-T MRI approaches to exhaustively characterize a single, right hemisphere heterotopion in a high-functioning adult male with medically responsive epilepsy, which had manifested during late adolescence. The heterotopion proved to be spectroscopically consistent with a cortical-like composition and was interconnected with nearby ipsilateral cortical fundi, as revealed by fiber tractography (diffusion-weighted imaging) and resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rsfMRI). Moreover, the region of PVNH demonstrated two novel characterizations for a heterotopion. First, functional MRI (fMRI), as distinct from rsfMRI, showed that the heterotopion was significantly modulated while the patient watched animated video scenes of biological motion (i.e., cartoons). Second, rsfMRI, which demonstrated correlated brain activity during a task-negative state, uniquely showed directionality within an interconnected network, receiving positive path effects from patent cortical and cerebellar foci while outputting only negative path effects to specific brain foci.

These findings are addressed in the context of the impact on noninvasive presurgical brain mapping strategies for adult and pediatric patient workups, as well as the impact of this study on an understanding of the functional cortical architecture underlying cognition from a neurodiversity and evolutionary perspective.
Development and implementation of a novel child life protocol to enhance psychosocial support for pediatric awake craniotomies: technical note
Authors: McDowell Michael M. , Ortega Peraza Daniela , Abel Taylor J.
Published: February 2020

Awake craniotomies are a crucial tool for identifying eloquent cortex, but significant limitations frequently related to patient tolerance have limited their applicability in pediatric cases. The authors describe a comprehensive, longitudinal protocol developed in collaboration with a certified child life specialist (CCLS) in order to enhance patient experiences and develop resiliency related to the intraoperative portion of cases. This protocol includes preoperative conditioning, intraoperative support, and postoperative positive reinforcement and debriefing. A unique coping plan is developed for each prospective patient. With appropriate support, awake craniotomy may be applicable in a wider array of preadolescent and adolescent patients than has previously been possible. Future prospective studies are needed to validate this approach.
Heschl’s gyrus fiber intersection area: a new insight on the connectivity of the auditory-language hub
Authors: Fernández Leticia , Velásquez Carlos , García Porrero Juan A. , de Lucas Enrique Marco , Martino Juan
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

The functional importance of the superior temporal lobe at the level of Heschl’s gyrus is well known. However, the organization and function of these cortical areas and the underlying fiber tracts connecting them remain unclear. The goal of this study was to analyze the area formed by the organization of the intersection of Heschl’s gyrus–related fiber tracts, which the authors have termed the “Heschl’s gyrus fiber intersection area” (HGFIA).

METHODS

The subcortical connectivity of Heschl’s gyrus tracts was analyzed by white matter fiber dissection and by diffusion tensor imaging tractography. The white matter tracts organized in relation to Heschl’s gyrus were isolated in 8 human hemispheres from cadaveric specimens and in 8 MRI studies in 4 healthy volunteers. In addition, these tracts and their functions were described in the surgical cases of left temporal gliomas next to the HGFIA in 6 patients who were awake during surgery and underwent intraoperative electrical stimulation mapping.

RESULTS

Five tracts were observed to pass through the HGFIA: the anterior segment of the arcuate fasciculus, the middle longitudinal fasciculus, the acoustic radiation, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and the optic radiation. In addition, U fibers originating at the level of Heschl’s gyrus and heading toward the middle temporal gyrus were identified.

CONCLUSIONS

This investigation of the HGFIA, a region where 5 fiber tracts intersect in a relationship with the primary auditory area, provides new insights into the subcortical organization of Wernicke’s area. This information is valuable when a temporal surgical approach is planned, in order to assess the surgical risk related to language disturbances.
Risk factors associated with conversion of an Ommaya reservoir to a permanent cerebrospinal fluid shunt in preterm posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus
Authors: Palpan Flores Alexis , Saceda Gutiérrez Javier , Brin Reyes Juan Raúl , Sierra Tamayo Jaime , Carceller Benito Fernando
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

A considerable percentage of preterm infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus initially managed with an Ommaya reservoir require a permanent CSF shunt. The objective of the study was to analyze possible risk factors associated with the need for converting an Ommaya reservoir to a permanent shunt.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of premature infants weighing 1500 g or less with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (Papile grades III and IV) managed with an Ommaya reservoir at their institution between 2002 and 2017.

RESULTS

Forty-six patients received an Ommaya reservoir. Five patients (10.9%) were excluded due to intraventricular infection during management with an Ommaya reservoir. Average gestational age and weight for the remaining 41 patients was 27 ± 1.8 weeks and 987 ± 209 grams, respectively. Thirty patients required a permanent shunt and 11 patients did not require a permanent shunt. The conversion rate from an Ommaya reservoir to a permanent shunt was 76.1%. Symptomatic persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was more frequent in the nonpermanent shunt group than in the shunt group (88.9% vs 50%, p = 0.04). The need for extraction of more than 10 ml/kg per day of CSF through the Ommaya reservoir was lower in the nonpermanent shunt group than in the shunt group (9.1% vs 51.7%, p = 0.015). CSF lactate was lower in the nonpermanent group than in the shunt group (mean 2.48 mg/dl vs 3.19 mg/dl; p = 0.004). A cutoff value of ≥ 2.8 mg/dl CSF lactate predicted the need for a permanent shunt with sensitivity and specificity of 82.4% and 80%, respectively. There were no significant differences in gestational age, sex, weight, Papile grade, ventricular index, or other biochemical markers. After the multivariate analysis, only CSF lactate ≥ 2.8 mg/dl was associated with a higher conversion rate to a permanent shunt.

CONCLUSIONS

This study showed that a high level of CSF lactate, absence of symptomatic PDA, and a higher CSF extraction requirement were associated with a higher likelihood of implanting a permanent CSF shunt. The authors believe these findings should be considered in future studies.
Cost comparison of surgical management of nonsagittal synostosis: traditional open versus endoscope-assisted techniques
Authors: Zubovic Ema , Lapidus Jodi B. , Skolnick Gary B. , Naidoo Sybill D. , Smyth Matthew D. , Patel Kamlesh B.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

Management of craniosynostosis at an early age is important for mitigating the risk of abnormal cranial development, but treatment can result in significant expenses. Previous research has shown that endoscope-assisted craniectomy (EAC) is less costly than open cranial vault remodeling (CVR) for patients with sagittal synostosis. The aim of this study was to strengthen the existing body of healthcare cost research by elucidating the charges associated with open and endoscopic treatment for patients with nonsagittal synostosis.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective analysis of data obtained in 41 patients who underwent open CVR and 38 who underwent EAC with postoperative helmet therapy for nonsagittal, single-suture craniosynostosis (metopic, coronal, and lambdoid) between 2008 and 2018. All patients were < 1 year of age at the time of surgery and had a minimum 1 year of follow-up. Inpatient charges, physician fees, helmet charges, and outpatient clinic visits in the 1st year were analyzed.

RESULTS

The mean ages of the children treated with EAC and open CVR were 3.5 months and 8.7 months, respectively. Patients undergoing EAC with postoperative helmet therapy required more outpatient clinic visits in the 1st year than patients undergoing CVR (4 vs 2; p < 0.001). Overall, 13% of patients in the EAC group required 1 helmet, 30% required 2 helmets, 40% required 3 helmets, and 13% required 4 or more helmets; the mean total helmeting charges were $10,072. The total charges of treatment, including inpatient charges, physician fees, outpatient clinic visit costs, and helmet charges, were significantly lower for the EAC group than they were for the open CVR group ($50,840 vs $95,588; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the additional charges for postoperative helmet therapy and the more frequent outpatient visits, EAC is significantly less expensive than open CVR for patients with metopic, coronal, and lambdoid craniosynostosis. In conjunction with the existing literature on clinical outcomes and perioperative resource utilization, these data support EAC as a cost-minimizing treatment for eligible patients with nonsagittal synostosis.
The engaged patient: patient activation can predict satisfaction with surgical treatment of lumbar and cervical spine disorders
Authors: Harris Andrew B. , Kebaish Floreana , Riley Lee H. , Kebaish Khaled M. , Skolasky Richard L.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

Care satisfaction is an important metric to health systems and payers. Patient activation is a hierarchical construct following 4 stages: 1) having a belief that taking an active role in their care is important, 2) having knowledge and skills to manage their condition, 3) having the confidence to make necessary behavioral changes, and 4) having an ability to maintain those changes in times of stress. The authors hypothesized that patients with a high level of activation, measured using the Patient Activation Measure (PAM), will be more engaged in their care and, therefore, will be more likely to be satisfied with the results of their surgical treatment.

METHODS

Using a prospectively collected registry at a multiprovider university practice, the authors examined patients who underwent elective surgery (n = 257) for cervical or lumbar spinal disorders. Patients were assessed before and after surgery (6 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months) using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) health domains and the PAM. Satisfaction was assessed using the Patient Satisfaction Index. Using repeated-measures logistic regression, the authors compared the likelihood of being satisfied across stages of patient activation after adjusting for baseline characteristics (i.e., age, sex, race, education, income, and marital status).

RESULTS

While a majority of patients endorsed the highest level of activation (56%), 51 (20%) endorsed the lower two stages (neither believing that taking an active role was important nor having the knowledge and skills to manage their condition). Preoperative patient activation was weakly correlated (r ≤ 0.2) with PROMIS health domains. The most activated patients were 3 times more likely to be satisfied with their treatment at 1 year (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.8–5.8). Similarly, patients in the second-highest stage of activation also demonstrated significantly greater odds of being satisfied (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.5–5.3).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients who are more engaged in their healthcare prior to elective spine surgery are significantly more likely to be satisfied with their postoperative outcome. Clinicians may want to implement previously proven techniques to increase patient activation in order to improve patient satisfaction following elective spine surgery.
Glioependymal cyst on the third cranial nerve: case report
Authors: Cavalheiro Sergio , Canullo María Laura , Silva da Costa Marcos Devanir , Dastoli Patricia Alessandra , Mendonça Nicácio Jardel , Stavale João Norberto
Published: February 2020

Glioependymal cysts are a rare, congenital, and benign condition. The authors report a case of a 2-year-old female patient who presented with a large exophytic glioependymal cyst located in the left cerebral peduncle, which began with a history of deteriorating function of the left third cranial nerve (CN III). A left 3-piece fronto-orbitozygomatic approach and a microsurgical complete excision of the cyst were performed without complications by accessing the midbrain through the perioculomotor entry zone. The patient’s CN III function completely recovered after 3 months. Because there are currently no widely approved and used classification systems for these cysts, their reporting, naming, and classification are quite confusing in the literature. Thus, their origin, classification, and most common locations warrant further investigation. In addition to reporting this case, the authors present their review of the literature.
High prevalence of systemic hypertension in pediatric patients with moyamoya disease years after surgical treatment
Authors: Lee Joongyub , Kim Seung-Ki , Kang Hee Gyung , Ha Il-Soo , Wang Kyu-Chang , Lee Ji Yeoun , Phi Ji Hoon
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

Although an association between moyamoya disease (MMD) and renovascular hypertension has been acknowledged, the literature on systemic hypertension without renal artery stenosis among patients with MMD is scarce. The authors aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension using data from MMD patients who visited an outpatient clinic of a pediatric neurosurgical department in 2016.

METHODS

The authors evaluated the blood pressure (BP) of pediatric MMD patients at their postsurgical appointment following the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline on high BP, in which hypertension was defined as BP measurements higher than the value of age-, sex-, and height-specific 95th percentile of the general population from at least 3 separate visits. Growth of patients was determined using 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents. The cutoff value of the 95th percentile of BP was determined by referring to normative BP tables of Korean children and adolescents. A logistic regression model was used to assess the associations between patients’ clinical characteristics and prevalent hypertension.

RESULTS

In total, 131 surgically treated pediatric MMD patients were included, of whom 38.9% were male and the median age at diagnosis was 8.0 years (range 1.2–15.0 years). The definition of hypertension was met in 38 patients, with a prevalence of 29.0% (95% CI 21.2%–36.8%). A tendency was observed for a higher prevalence of hypertension in male patients (31.4%), in patients with posterior cerebral artery (PCA) involvement (47.8%), and in cases in which infarction was shown on initial MRI (37.3%). Age at diagnosis (adjusted OR [aOR] 0.82, 95% CI 0.70–0.97), PCA involvement (aOR 3.81, 95% CI 1.29–11.23), body mass index (aOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.13–1.51), and years of follow-up since surgery (aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68–0.94) were related to systemic hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS

A high prevalence of hypertension was demonstrated in pediatric MMD patients. Therefore, adequate attention should be paid to reduce BP and prevent subsequent events.
KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIKA DAN SELF-EFFICACY SISWA SMP
Authors: Aprisal Aprisal , Arifin Sartika
Published: February 2020

This study is a survey research using quantitative approach. The subject in this study was eighth grade students with 132 students. Data in this study were collected using two instruments, namely mathematics reasoning ability tests and self-efficacy questionnaires. Analysis of the data in this study was divided into two parts, namely descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis described of mathematical reasoning ability and self-efficacy. Inferential analysis used Pearson product moment correlation test to find relationship between self-efficacy and mathematical reasoning ability. The results of the study showed that the students' self-efficacy was in high category and the strength aspect was the dimension of self-efficacy with the highest score. In mathematical reasoning ability, the ability of students to give correct and complete evidence of solutions has the highest score. The result of correlation test showed that there was relationship between self-efficacy and mathematical reasoning ability with a positive relationship
Path Analysis of the Effect of Biological and Social Factors on the Case of Breast Cancer
Authors: Sari Nunik Ike Yunia , Maringga Estin Gita , Astuti Wuri Widi
Published: February 2020

Breast cancer is the number one cancer as the cause of death in women in developed and developing countries. Breast cancer has the highest case in women in 161 countries. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of biological and social factors on breast cancer cases in the Public Hospital of Kediri, East Java. The research design was analytic with a retrospective cohort approach. The research sample of 105 respondents used simple random sampling. Data collection was with medical records in January-December, 2017. Data analysis used the path analysis test. The test results obtained breast cancer is influenced by a history of hereditary breast cancer (b=0.17, p=0.001); menopause age (b=0.17, p=0.001); family planning history (b=0.11, p=0.014); parity (b=0.08, p=0.031); age (b=0.21, p=0.001); income (b=0.21, p=0.001). Parity was influenced by income (b=0.45, p <0.001). The age of menopause was influenced by a history of hereditary breast cancer (b= 0.31, p <0.001); family planning history (b=0.13, p=0.13); and age (b=0.10, p=0.01). It can be concluded that the case of breast cancer was directly influenced by hereditary cancer, family history of birth control, age, parity, menopausal age, and income. Also, breast cancer was indirectly affected by income through parity; and hereditary history of breast cancer, family planning history, and age through menopause.
Synthesis and Test of C-Phenylcolics [4] Resorcinilate Octabenzoat Sunblock Activity
Authors: Ngurah Budiana I Gusti M. , Yuliani Ni Nyoman
Published: February 2020

Research on the discovery of organic sunblock today continues to be intensively conducted because cases of skin cancer caused by sun exposure continue to increase from year to year. Recently, what is used to protect the skin from the dangers of sun exposure is a sunblock lotion product. This research aims to synthesize and test the new organic C-phenylcolics [4] resorcinaryl octabenzoat compound. This research is pure experimental research by testing sunblock activity using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry. The C-phenylcallic [4] resorcinaryl octabenzoate compound was synthesized by the C-phenylcalcid [4] resorcinarene method with benzoyl chloride using a catalyst and pyridine solvent. Characterization of reaction products used infra-red spectrometers and proton-NMR. Meanwhile, testing sunblock activity was conducted in vitro using the ultraviolet spectrometry method. The synthesis results showed that C-phenylcalcid [4] resorcinyl octabenzoat was in the form of a dark yellow solid, melting point of 238-240 oC and yield of 74.10%. The in vitro test results showed that C-methylcolics [4] resorcinyl octabenzoat has a broad spectrum because it can absorb UV B and UV C rays with an SPF value of 30. This compound has the potential to be developed as a sunblock.