bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Core–Ring Structured NiCo2O4 Nanoplatelets: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrocatalytic Applications
Authors: Cui Bai , Lin Hong , Li Jian‐Bao , Li Xin , Yang Jun , Tao Jie
Published: April 2008

An innovative nanostructure, namely the core–ring structure, is reported in this paper. It occurs in NiCo2O4 nanoplatelets, synthesized by the coprecipitation decomposition method using sodium hydroxide as the precipitant. The yield of core–ring hexagonal NiCo2O4 nanoplatelets is greater than 80% at 200 °C. A high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy investigation reveals the typical core–ring nanostructure, which shows a strong enrichment of Co in the core with a Co content higher than 80%. A mechanism for the core–ring structure formation is proposed. The core–ring NiCo2O4 can be used as an electrocatalyst for an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline water electrolysis. Compared with the electrodes of ordinary NiCo2O4 and Co3O4, or other NiCo2O4 electrodes prepared by alternate methods, the electrode coated by core‐ring NiCo2O4 nanoplatelets exhibits the greatest electrocatalytic properties, with an over‐potential of 0.315 V at a current density of 100 mA cm−2.
A Dual Luminescent Sensor Material for Simultaneous Imaging of Pressure and Temperature on Surfaces
Authors: Stich Matthias I. J. , Nagl Stefan , Wolfbeis Otto S. , Henne Ulrich , Schaeferling Michael
Published: April 2008

A novel kind of composite material for simultaneous luminescent determination of air pressure and temperature is presented. The dual sensor consists of a fluorinated platinum porphyrin complex (PtTFPP) as an oxygen‐sensitive probe, and of the highly temperature‐sensitive europium complex Eu(tta)3(dpbt) as temperature probe. Both are incorporated into different polymer microparticles to control response characteristics and to avoid interferences. Encapsulation of PtTFPP in poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (PSAN) results in a broad dynamic range from 0.05 to 2.00 bar for pressure measurements. The europium complex was incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) to reduce the cross sensitivity towards oxygen. This system represents a new class of luminescent sensor system, where the signals are separated via the different luminescence lifetimes of the indicators. It is possible to monitor the emission of the temperature‐sensitive probe by means of time‐resolved fluorescence imaging without interferences, because the luminescence lifetime of the temperature indicator is tenfold longer than that of the oxygen indicator. The temperature image can then be used to compensate cross sensitivity of the pressure indicator towards temperature. In combination with an appropriate time‐resolved measurement technique, this material enables simultaneous imaging of pressure (or oxygen partial pressure) and temperature distributions on surfaces. It is distinguished from other approaches of dual pressure and temperature sensitive paints because it avoids the need of signal separation by application of different cameras or by use of different optical filters or light sources.
The biochemical structure and function of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase provide the rationale to interpret the epidemiological results on the risk for infants with Down syndrome
Authors: Martínez‐Frías M.L.
Published: April 2008

Studies on the structure of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and the mechanisms by which folate may reduce homocysteine levels in bacteria and in humans have provided a rationale to understand the conflicting epidemiological observations between the studies on the 677C‐T and 1298A‐C MTHFR polymorphic variants, and the risk of having an infant with Down syndrome (DS). However, three of the combined genotypes (CTCC, TTAC, and TTCC) are very infrequent in the human population. In fact, these three rare genotypes were only observed in two of the eight epidemiological studies that analyzed these genotype combinations and the risk of DS. In a study of the Indian population these three genotypes were identified in mothers of DS children but not in control mothers demonstrating a statistically significant increase in the risk of giving birth to DS infants. Conversely, the CTCC and TTAC genotypes were only observed in control mothers and not in mothers of DS infants in the Spanish study, while the TTCC genotype was not observed in any Spanish mother analyzed. These results were not related to the frequency of the T allele, since this was lower in the Indian population (21.4% among case mothers and 12.4% in control mothers) than in the Spanish population (33.9%). At present, several important biological aspects on the Hcy cycle are known, including: (a) the biochemical structure and function of the MTHFR enzyme, (b) the biological basis for the effect of the different 677C‐T and 1298A‐C MTHFR genotype combinations on Hcy levels, (c) that folate is not synthesized by the organism that obtained it from the diet, (d) that TT homozygotes will be at particular risk when their folate status is low because the mutant enzyme requires much higher levels of folate than the physiological one to stabilize the binding of flavin‐adenosine‐dinucleotide (FAD), (e) that the release of flavin is prevented by increasing the levels of folate, and (f) that the cystathionine‐beta‐synthase gene is located on chromosome 21. Together, these facts suggest that destabilization of the Hcy cycle in function of the levels of S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM), may be modified by some embryonic and maternal genotypes, as well as by maternal nutritional status and life style. This may also influence the probability that some embryos survive to birth, but in different way for those with and without trisomy 21, as is discussed in this article. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of reproductive success in female white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)
Authors: Fedigan Linda Marie , Carnegie Sarah D. , Jack Katharine M.
Published: April 2008

Early investigations into variable reproductive success in nonhuman primates tended to focus on the benefits conferred by high dominance rank. However, the effect of high rank on individual reproductive success has been found to vary both intra‐ and interspecifically, requiring researchers to expand their investigations to include additional factors. Here we examine the age and rank of the mother, sex of the infant, group size, number of close kin, replacement of group males, and resource availability as possible predictors of female reproductive success in white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) in the Santa Rosa sector of the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. We examine the length of interbirth intervals (IBI) and infant survivorship as measures of individual reproductive success for the 31 adult females that resided in our three study groups between 1986 and 2007. The greatest predictor of IBI length was whether or not the first infant in the interval survived (number of matrilineal kin and resource availability were also significant predictors); while infant survivorship was most significantly predicted by the occurrence of a turnover in group males in the year following the birth of an infant (infant sex was also a significant factor). Based on these findings, we conclude that male and female reproductive strategies are at odds in this species, with male strategies strongly influencing female reproductive success. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hair color measurement and variation
Authors: Vaughn Michelle , van Oorschot Roland , Baindur‐Hudson Swati
Published: April 2008

Pigmentation of hair in humans has been investigated by medical scientists, anthropologists and, more recently, by forensic scientists. In every investigation, hair color must first be defined by the researchers. Subjective color assessment inhibits the reproducibility of experiments and the direct comparison of results. The aim of this study was to objectively measure human hair color and examine the variation found in a population with European ancestry, using the CIE L*a*b* color space. Observer‐perceived hair colors were compared with self‐reported hair colors and the color as measured by reflective spectrophotometry of 132 subjects of European ancestry. The presented data show that self‐reported hair colors and observer‐reported colors are similar; however, these categories are not necessarily the best way to categorize hair color for quantitative research. Using a two‐step cluster analysis, hair color can be divided into categories or clusters based on spectrophotometric measurements in the CIE L*a*b* color space and these clusters can be well discriminated from each other. This separation is primarily based on the b* (yellow) color component and the clusters show agreement to observer‐reported colors. This study illustrates the possibilities for and necessity of objectively defining the hair color phenotype for various downstream applications. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kleine–Levin syndrome: A systematic study of 108 patients
Authors: Arnulf Isabelle , Lin Ling , Gadoth Nathan , File Jennifer , Lecendreux Michel , Franco Patricia , Zeitzer Jamie , Lo Betty , Faraco Juliette H. , Mignot Emmanuel
Published: April 2008

Objective

Kleine–Levin syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by relapsing‐remitting episodes of hypersomnia, cognitive disturbances, and behavioral disturbances, such as hyperphagia and hypersexuality.

Methods

We collected detailed clinical data and blood samples on 108 patients, 79 parent pairs, and 108 matched control subjects. We measured biological markers and typed human leukocyte antigen genes DR and DQ.

Results

Novel predisposing factors were identified including increased birth and developmental problems (odds ratio, 6.5). Jewish heritage was overrepresented, and five multiplex families were identified. Human leukocyte antigen typing was unremarkable. Patients were 78% male (mean age at onset, 15.7 ± 6.0 years), averaged 19 episodes of 13 days, and were incapacitated 8 months over 14 years. The disease course was longer in men, in patients with hypersexuality, and when onset was after age 20. During episodes, all patients had hypersomnia, cognitive impairment, and derealization; 66% had megaphagia; 53% reported hypersexuality (principally men); and 53% reported a depressed mood (predominantly women). Patients were remarkably similar to control subjects between episodes regarding sleep, mood, and eating attitude, but had increased body mass index. We found marginal efficacy for amantadine and mood stabilizers, but found no increased family history for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Interpretation

The similarity of the clinical and demographic features across studies strongly suggests that Kleine–Levin syndrome is a genuine disease entity. Familial clustering and increased prevalence in the Jewish population support a role for a major genetic susceptibility factor. Considering the inefficacy of available treatments, we propose that disease management should primarily be supportive and educational. Ann Neurol 2008;63:482–492
Imaging correlates of decreased axonal Na+/K+ ATPase in chronic multiple sclerosis lesions
Authors: Young Elizabeth A. , Fowler Christie D. , Kidd Grahame J. , Chang Ansi , Rudick Richard , Fisher Elizabeth , Trapp Bruce D.
Published: April 2008

Objective

Degeneration of chronically demyelinated axons is a major cause of irreversible neurological decline in the human central nervous system disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for this axonal degeneration remain to be elucidated, dysfunction of axonal Na+/K+ ATPase is thought to be central. To date, however, the distribution of Na+/K+ ATPase has not been studied in MS lesions.

Methods

The percentage of axons with detectable Na+/K+ ATPase was determined in 3 acute and 36 chronically demyelinated lesions from 13 MS brains. In addition, we investigated whether postmortem magnetic resonance imaging profiles could predict Na+/K+ ATPase immunostaining in a subset (20) of the chronic lesions.

Results

Na+/K+ ATPase subunits α1, α3, and β1 were detected in the internodal axolemma of myelinated fibers in both control and MS brains. In acutely demyelinated lesions, Na+/K+ ATPase was detectable on demyelinated axolemma. In contrast, 21 of the 36 chronic lesions (58%) contained less than 50% Na+/K+ ATPase‐positive demyelinated axons. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging‐pathology correlations of 20 chronic lesions identified a linear decrease in the percentage of Na+/K+ ATPase‐positive axons and magnetization transfer ratios (p < 0.0001) and T1 contrast ratios (p < 0.0006).

Interpretation

Chronically demyelinated axons that lack Na+/K+ ATPase cannot exchange axoplasmic Na+ for K+ and are incapable of nerve transmission. Loss of axonal Na+/K+ ATPase is likely to be a major contributor to continuous neurological decline in chronic stages of MS, and quantitative magnetization transfer ratios and T1 contrast ratios may provide a noninvasive surrogate marker for monitoring this loss in MS patients. Ann Neurol 2008;63:428–435
TDP‐43 mutation in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Yokoseki Akio , Shiga Atsushi , Tan Chun‐Feng , Tagawa Asako , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Koyama Akihide , Eguchi Hiroto , Tsujino Akira , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Kakita Akiyoshi , Okamoto Koichi , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Takahashi Hitoshi , Onodera Osamu
Published: April 2008

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Accumulating evidence has shown that 43kDa TAR‐DNA–binding protein (TDP‐43) is the disease protein in ALS and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We previously reported a familial ALS with Bumina bodies and TDP‐43‐positive skein‐like inclusions in the lower motor neurons; these findings are indistinguishable from those of sporadic ALS. In three affected individuals in two generations of one family, we found a single base‐pair change from A to G at position 1028 in TDP‐43, which resulted in a Gln‐to‐Arg substitution at position 343. Our findings provide a new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of ALS. Ann Neurol 2008;63:538–542
Synthesis and thermomechanical characterization of polyurethane elastomers extended with α,ω‐alkane diols
Authors: Zia Khalid Mahmood , Barikani Mehdi , Bhatti Ijaz Ahmad , Zuber Mohammad , Bhatti Haq Nawaz
Published: April 2008

A series of polyurethane (PU) elastomers was prepared by the reaction of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) and 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, which was extended with a series of chain extenders (CEs) having 2–10 methylene units in their structure. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chemical structures of the synthesized PU samples were characterized with Fourier transform infrared, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, and the thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetric analysis, DSC, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis techniques. The mechanical properties were also studied and are discussed. The thermogravimetric analysis and DSC analysis showed that CE length had a considerable effect on the thermal properties of the prepared samples. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and damping peaks were also affected by the number of methylene units in the CE length. The elastomer extended with 1,2‐ethane diol exhibited optimum thermal properties, whereas the elastomer based on 1,10‐decane diol displayed the worst thermal properties. Tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing CE length, whereas hardness showed the opposite trend. The glass‐transition temperature moved toward lower temperatures with increasing CE length. The decrease in the glass‐transition temperature and tensile properties were interpreted in terms of decreasing hard segments and increasing chain flexibility. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Progressive resistance training in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lombardi Império , Magri Ângela Guarnieri , Fleury Anna Maria , Da Silva Antonio Carlos , Natour Jamil
Published: April 2008

Objective

To assess pain, function, quality of life, and muscle strength in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome who participated in muscle strengthening exercises.

Methods

A total of 60 patients diagnosed with shoulder impingement syndrome were selected from the clinics of the Federal University of São Paulo and randomly distributed into experimental and control groups. Patients were evaluated regarding pain, function, quality of life, muscle strength, and the number of antiinflammatory drugs and analgesics taken. Patients then participated in the progressive resistance training program for the musculature of the shoulder, which was held twice a week for 2 months, while the control group remained on a waiting list.

Results

Sixty patients were randomly allocated to the experimental group (21 women and 9 men, mean age 56.3 years) and control group (25 women and 5 men, mean age 54.8 years). Patients from the experimental group showed an improvement from 4.2 cm to 2.4 cm on a 10‐cm visual analog scale (P < 0.001) regarding pain at rest and from 7.4 cm to 5.2 cm (P < 0.001) regarding pain during movement. Function went from 44.0 to 33.2 (P < 0.007) using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand assessment and domains from the Short Form 36. There was a statistically significant difference in improvement in pain and function between patients in the experimental group and those in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The progressive resistance training program for the musculature of the shoulder in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome was effective in reducing pain and improving function and quality of life.
Brücke im Damm – Eine integrale Stahlbetonkonstruktion unter Temperatureinwirkung
Authors: Keuser Manfred , Schönthaler Carmen , Fuchs Maximilian , Hiller Eugen
Published: April 2008

Im Rahmen der Erneuerung der Eisenbahnbrücke über die Enz in der Nähe von Besigheim wurde im anschließenden Dammbereich ein Gründungsbauwerk als integrale Stahlbetonkonstruktion erstellt. Die in der statischen Berechnung anzusetzenden Temperaturlastfälle wurden in Anlehnung an die ZTV‐ING in einem Gutachten definiert. Im Bescheid des Eisenbahn‐Bundesamts zu der hierbei erforderlichen Zustimmung im Einzelfall wurde eine Messung der tatsächlich auftretenden Temperaturen und der zugehörigen Verformung über einen längeren Zeitraum nach Fertigstellung des Bauwerks gefordert. Der vorliegende Beitrag hat nach einer Projektbeschreibung und einer Darstellung der Besonderheiten integraler Stahlbetonkonstruktionen die Messergebnisse sowie deren Interpretation zum Gegenstand.
Chemoprevention of gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Dunn L J , Jankowski J
Published: April 2008

Lags behind prevention of other diseases
A meta-analysis of 21 178 patients undergoing open or endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Lovegrove R E , Javid M , Magee T R , Galland R B
Published: April 2008

Background

Several studies have compared outcomes after elective open and endovascular approaches to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery, with varying results.

Methods

A random-effects meta-analysis was undertaken to compare operative outcomes, postoperative complications, 30-day mortality and long-term patient survival after surgery. Endpoints were compared using odds ratios (ORs), weighted mean differences (WMDs) or log hazard ratios (HRs) as appropriate.

Results

Forty-two studies comprising 21 178 patients (10 855 open; 10 323 endovascular) were included. In the elective setting (20 715 patients), the endovascular method was associated with a shorter stay in intensive care (WMD − 36 h; P < 0·001) and a shorter total postoperative stay (WMD − 5·4 days; P < 0·001). Cardiac (OR 1·76; P = 0·002) and respiratory (OR 4·01; P < 0·001) complications were more common after open surgery. In the endovascular group, 30-day mortality was lower (OR 0·46; P < 0·001). Endovascular surgery was also associated with an improved long-term aneurysm-related mortality (HR 0·39; P < 0·001). For ruptured AAA (463 patients), the less invasive operation was associated with a reduced stay in intensive care (WMD − 100·4 h; P = 0·005) and a significantly lower 30-day mortality (OR 0·45; P = 0·005).

Conclusions

The endovascular repair of AAA offers a clear benefit in terms of reduction in postoperative adverse events and 30-day mortality. In the longer term, it is also associated with a reduction in aneurysm-related mortality, but not in all-cause mortality.
Randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic total (Nissen) versus posterior partial (Toupet) fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease based on preoperative oesophageal manometry (Br J Surg 2008; 95: 57–63)
Authors: Robertson A G N , Dunn L J , Shenfine J , Karat D , Griffin S M
Published: April 2008

The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved,appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Bilinear modelling of batch processes. Part I: theoretical discussion
Authors: Camacho José , Picó Jesús , Ferrer Alberto
Published: April 2008

When studying the principal component analysis (PCA) or partial least squares (PLS) modelling of batch process data, one realizes that there is a wide range of approaches. In many cases, new modelling approaches are presented just because they work properly for a particular application, for example, on‐line monitoring and a given number of processes. A clear understanding of why these approaches perform successfully and which are the advantages and disadvantages in front of the others is seldom supplied. Why does modelling after batch‐wise unfolding capture changing dynamics? What are the consequences of variable‐wise unfolding? Is there any best unfolding method? When should several models for a single process be used? In this paper, it is shown how these and other related questions can be answered by properly analyzing the dynamic covariance structures of the various approaches. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Health on Particle Size of Exhaled Respiratory Aerosols: Case‐control Study
Authors: Hersen Guillaume , Moularat Stéphane , Robine Enric , Géhin Evelyne , Corbet Sandrine , Vabret Astrid , Freymuth François
Published: April 2008

Individuals with viral infection could possibly emit an infectious aerosol. The distinction between exhaled breaths of infected and healthy individuals should facilitate an understanding of the airborne transmission of infections. In this context, the present study is aimed at distinguishing healthy individuals from symptomatic ones by the study of their exhaled breath. A setup composed of a modified hood connected to an electrical low pressure impactor, which allows for the study of a wide range of particle sizes (from 7 nm to 10 μm), has been developed in order to collect exhaled breaths. This setup has been used with seventy eight volunteers. The results obtained using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that exhaled breaths of individuals without symptoms have statistical similarities and are different from those of individuals with symptoms. This separation was made by the greater proportional emission by individuals with symptoms of particles collected on stages 3 (D50 = 0.09 μm), 6 (D50 = 0.38 μm), 8 (D50 = 0.95 μm), 10 (D50 = 2.40 μm), and 12 (D50 = 4.02 μm) of the impactor. There was not a specific size distribution obtained for the individuals with symptoms. As a consequence, further research on the exhaled breath should be undertaken with symptomatic volunteers and would require the analysis of this wide range of particle sizes.
Adaptation of microglomerular complexes in the honeybee mushroom body lip to manipulations of behavioral maturation and sensory experience
Authors: Krofczik Sabine , Khojasteh Uldus , de Ibarra Natalie Hempel , Menzel Randolf
Published: April 2008

Worker honeybees proceed through a sequence of tasks, passing from hive and guard duties to foraging activities. The underlying neuronal changes accompanying and possibly mediating these behavioral transitions are not well understood. We studied changes in the microglomerular organization of the mushroom bodies, a brain region involved in sensory integration, learning, and memory, during adult maturation. We visualized the MB lips' microglomerular organization by applying double labeling of presynaptic projection neuron boutons and postsynaptic Kenyon cell spines, which form microglomerular complexes. Their number and density, as well as the bouton volume, were measured using 3D‐based techniques. Our results show that the number of microglomerular complexes and the bouton volumes increased during maturation, independent of environmental conditions. In contrast, manipulations of behavior and sensory experience caused a decrease in the number of microglomerular complexes, but an increase in bouton volume. This may indicate an outgrowth of synaptic connections within the MB lips during honeybee maturation. Moreover, manipulations of behavioral and sensory experience led to adaptive changes, which indicate that the microglomerular organization of the MB lips is not static and determined by maturation, but rather that their organization is plastic, enabling the brain to retain its synaptic efficacy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008.
Selective expansion of memory CD4+ T cells by mitogenic human CD28 generates inflammatory cytokines and regulatory T cells
Authors: Singh Manisha , Basu Sreemanti , Camell Christina , Couturier Jacob , Nudelman Rodolfo J. , Medina Miguel A. , Rodgers John R. , Lewis Dorothy E.
Published: April 2008

Costimulatory signals are important for development of effector and regulatory T cells. In this case, CD28 signaling is usually considered inert in the absence of signaling through the TCR. By contrast, mitogenic rat CD28 mAb reportedly expand regulatory T cells without TCR stimulation. We found that a commercially available human CD28 mAb (ANC28) stimulated PBMC without TCR co‐ligation or cross‐linking; ANC28 selectively expanded CD4+CD25+FOXP3– (Teff) and CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ (Treg) cells. ANC28 stimulated the CD45RO+ CD4+ (memory) population, whereas CD45RA+CD4+ (naive) cells did not respond. ANC28 also induced inflammatory cytokines. Treg induced by ANC28 retain the Treg phenotype longer than costimulated Treg. Treg induced by ANC28 suppressed CD25– T cells through a contact‐dependent mechanism. Purity influenced the response of CD4+CD25+ cells because bead‐purified CD4+CD25+ cells (85–90% pure) responded strongly to ANC28, whereas 98% pure FACS‐sorted CD4+CD25bright (Treg) did not respond. Purified CD4+CD25int cells responded similarly to the bead‐purified CD4+CD25+ cells. Thus, pre‐activated CD4+ T cells (CD25int) respond to ANC28 rather than Treg (CD25bright). The ability of ANC28 to expand both effectors producing inflammatory cytokines as well as suppressive regulatory T cells might be useful for ex vivo expansion of therapeutic T cells.
Features of TAP‐independent MHC class I ligands revealed by quantitative mass spectrometry
Authors: Weinzierl Andreas O. , Rudolf Despina , Hillen Nina , Tenzer Stefan , van Endert Peter , Schild Hansjörg , Rammensee Hans‐Georg , Stevanović Stefan
Published: April 2008

TAP is responsible for transferring cytosolic peptides into the ER, where they can be loaded onto MHC molecules. Deletion of TAP results in a drastic reduction of MHC class I surface expression and alters the presented peptide pattern. This key molecule in antigen processing is tackled by several viruses and lost in some tumors, rendering the altered cells less vulnerable to T cell‐based immune surveillance. Using the TAP‐deficient cell line LCL721.174 and its TAP‐expressing progenitor cell line LCL721.45, we identified and quantified more than 160 HLA ligands, 50 of which were presented TAP‐independently. Peptides which were predominantly presented on the TAP‐deficient LCL721.174 cell line had a decreased MHC binding affinity according to their SYFPEITHI and BIMAS score. About half of the identified TAP‐independently presented peptides were not derived from signal sequences and may partly be generated by the proteasome. Furthermore, we have excluded the possibility that differences in HLA ligand presentation between LCL721.45 and LCL721.174 were due to varying expression of the source proteins or due to changes in the antigen loading complex. Features of peptides presented independently of TAP as well as proteasomal contribution to their generation provide an insight into basic immunological mechanisms.
How Well Should the Active Site and the Specific Recognition Be Defined for Proficient Catalysis? – Effective and Cooperative Polyphenol/Catechol Oxidation and Oxidative DNA Cleavage by a Copper(II)‐Binding and H‐Bonding Copolymer
Authors: Lykourinou Vasiliki , Hanafy Ahmed I. , da Silva Giordano F. Z. , Bisht Kirpal S. , Larsen Randy W. , Livingston Brian T. , Angerhofer Alexander , Ming Li‐June
Published: April 2008

Despite the mainly inhomogeneous and unstructured nature of linear polymers, the CuIIcomplex of a vinylpyridine‐acrylamide copolymer exhibits very efficient 2‐electron catalysis toward the oxidation of catechol and derivatives to form quinones with and without 80 mM(0.27 %) H2O2, showing remarkable (0.114–2.67) × 105and (2.83–9.60) × 104‐fold rate enhancements, respectively, in terms of first‐order rate constant relative to auto‐oxidation of the substrates in an aqueous environment under mild conditions. Metal‐binding profiles suggestthe presence of cooperativityin the catalysis. The oxidation catalysis is inhibited by the di‐copper tyrosinase specific kojic acid. Moreover, electron paramagnetic resonance spectra reveal magnetic interaction of the CuIIions. On the basis of the results, the catalysis by this CuII‐polymer seems to be consistent with the mechanism of type‐3 di‐copper oxidases. This complex also shows effective single‐ and double‐stranded DNA cleavage in the presence of 1.0 % H2O2. These studies suggest this CuII‐polymer complex can serve as a unique “chemical nuclease” and a versatile chemical system for further exploration of Cu–oxygen chemistry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Palladium‐Catalysed Direct C‐H Activation/Arylation of Heteroaromatics: An Environmentally Attractive Access to Bi‐ or Polydentate Ligands
Authors: Derridj Fazia , Gottumukkala Aditya L. , Djebbar Safia , Doucet Henri
Published: April 2008

Bi‐ or polydentate ligands based on heterocycles can be easily prepared by palladium‐catalysed C–H bond activation of heteroaromatics followed by heteroarylation with heteroaryl bromides. A variety of heteroaromatics such as furans, thiophenes, pyridines, thiazoles or oxazole derivatives have been employed and moderate to good yields were generally obtained using the air‐stable complex [PdCl(dppb)(C3H5)] as catalyst. A range of functions such as acetyl, formyl, ester or nitrile on the heteroaromatics is tolerated.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Nucleophilic Additions to Cyclic Nitrones en Route to Iminocyclitols – Total Syntheses of DMDP, 6‐deoxy‐DMDP, DAB‐1, CYB‐3, Nectrisine, and Radicamine B
Authors: Merino Pedro , Delso Ignacio , Tejero Tomás , Cardona Francesca , Marradi Marco , Faggi Enrico , Parmeggiani Camilla , Goti Andrea
Published: April 2008

Highly diastereoselective nucleophilic additions to cyclic nitrones derived from L‐malic acid and D‐arabinose have been used for the construction of enantiomerically pure polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines. The synthetic strategy adopted was based on an oxidation/reduction protocol involving hydroxylamine/nitrone pairs and demonstrates the use of reagent‐ and substrate‐derived stereocontrol. In most cases reactions took place with total diastereoselectivity and in quantitative yield, with no purification being necessary. By this strategy, 2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐, 2‐(aminomethyl)‐, and 2‐aryl‐substituted polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines have been prepared with abundant configurational diversity. The use of appropriate substrates and reagents allowed for approaches to DMDP, 6‐deoxy‐DMDP, DAB‐1, CYB‐3, nectrisine and radicamine B. Several analogues of these compounds with inverted configuration at one or more stereocenters were also prepared.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Broad Functionalization of Deep‐Cavity Cavitands by Directed ortho Metalation
Authors: Srinivasan Kannupal , Laughrey Zachary R. , Gibb Bruce C.
Published: April 2008

The endo‐ and exo‐rim positions of deep‐cavity cavitand 1 were functionalized by directed ortho metalation (DoM) procedures. A range of electrophilic quenchers led to hosts with ester, phenol and thioether functionality. In each case, a combination of host pre‐organization and reaction control resulted in far fewer products than the theoretical sixty‐nine. In addition to the nature of the lithiate, functionalization patterns were also dependent on the electrophile, with a general trend that the non‐carbon electrophiles examined gave higher degrees of substitution. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
First Synthesis of 9,10‐Dimethoxy‐2‐methyl‐1,4‐anthraquinone: A Naturally Occurring Unusual Anthraquinone
Authors: Mal Dipakranjan , Ray Sutapa
Published: April 2008

The synthesis of 9,10‐dimethoxy‐2‐methyl‐1,4‐anthraquinone, an unusual quinone, was achieved in five steps from p‐benzoquinone. A Kochi–Anderson radical methylation features as the key step in the synthesis. The chemistry of a cyclopropa‐1,4‐anthracenedione is also described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A Chiral “Frozen” Hydrogen Bonding in C4‐Symmetric Inherently Chiral Resorcin[4]arenes: NMR, X‐ray, Circular Dichroism, and Theoretical Study
Authors: Kuberski Bogumił , Pecul Magdalena , Szumna Agnieszka
Published: April 2008

Chiral C4‐symmetric resorcinarenes, substituted with l‐amino acid derivatives at upper rims, were synthesized by the modified Mannich reaction and subsequent N‐substitution reactions. Compounds of that type (5a–e) can exist in two relatively stable inherently chiral C4‐symmetric conformations, (M) and (P), stabilized by the formation of seams of hydrogen bonds. However, because of diastereomeric preferences the amino acid substituted resorcinarenes exhibit considerable diastereomeric excesses for the induced conformational inherent chirality (up to ≥95 %). The relatively slow exchange allowed the determination of the directions of the hydrogen bond ring closures through the combined application of NMR (ROESY) and X‐ray analysis. It was also possible to correlate the absolute conformation with the sign of the Cotton effects observed for the transitions within the resorcinol chromophore in the CD spectra (solution and solid state). The ab initio calculations (TDDFT/B3LYP/DZVP and TDDFT/CAMB3LYP/6‐31++G*) for model compounds showed that the chiral arrangement of the hydrogen bonding in resorcinarenes can produce substantial CD effects, which are amplified by exciton coupling. However, it was also shown that the neighboring urea, amide, or phenyl groups have crucial effects on the direction of electric transition dipoles and, as the result, on the signs of the exciton‐coupled bands.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
“When passion breeds justice”: procedural fairness effects as a function of authority's passion
Authors: De Cremer David , den Ouden Nathalie
Published: April 2008

The present research examined how procedural fairness predicts negative emotions and withdrawal behavior as a function of authority's display of passion. A first study revealed that reinforcing the concept of passion made the concept of justice and fairness more accessible to participants, as such suggesting that authority passion should make people focus more on procedural fairness information. Corroborating this line of reasoning, a scenario experiment and a laboratory experiment thereafter yielded consistent evidence that the effects of procedural fairness (i.e., voice vs. no voice) were stronger on negative emotions and willingness to withdraw when the authority was passionate relative to not being passionate. In addition, the results of both studies also revealed that negative emotions mediated the effect of procedural fairness on withdrawal, but only so when the authority was passionate (i.e., mediated moderation). It is concluded that more research is needed focusing on the interactions between different authority styles/characteristics and procedural fairness effects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic flood modeling: combining Hurst and Gumbel's approach
Authors: Charpentier Arthur , Sibaï David
Published: April 2008

When working on river floods—annual river levels maxima—, two approaches are usually considered: one inspired from Emil Gumbel where annual maxima are supposed to be i.i.d. and distributed according to Gumbel's distribution, and one inspired from Edwin Hurst where annual maxima are strongly dependent, and exhibit long range memory. This paper tries to solve this apparent paradox by deriving a dynamic model inspired from financial models, which does not take into account annual maxima only but also threshold exceedances. It studies the implications of such a paradox in terms of return period—a notion valid as long as the data are i.i.d—and of extremal events. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age and origin of Mississippian lydites: examples from the Pyrénées, southern France
Authors: Randon Carine , Caridroit Martial
Published: April 2008

Mississippian biogenic siliceous deposits (known as ‘lydites’ or ‘lydian rocks’) intercalated within limestone successions are studied to characterize the signature of this ‘siliceous period’ and its significance, particularly in the Hercynian history of Europe. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach was conducted, using analysis of conodont faunas, lithologic and microfacies analyses, and the study of inorganic geochemistry, from outcrops in the French Pyrénées. Biostratigraphical study of conodont faunas has established the age of the lydites, as occurring between the lower crenulata and anchoralis‐latus zones. The sedimentological study shows that the sediments were deposited in a deep‐water shelf environment. The lithological succession shows a gradual deepening prior to the siliceous sedimentation. However, it appears that the radiolarites have not been deposited in a deeper water basin, but in a more proximal environment, on an external continental shelf, at a depth of less than 300 m. Analysis of major and trace elements does not show particular trends and there is no discernible change in the ocean water chemistry to explain the change of sediment type. However, the disappearance of limestone deposits and the formation of lydites are interpreted as a combination of several factors including a transgression that changes the oceanic circulation, and eutrophication linked to the circulation of nutrient‐rich cold currents. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is therapy with calcium and vitamin D and parathyroid autotransplantation useful in total thyroidectomy for preventing hypocalcemia?
Authors: Abboud Bassam , Sleilaty Ghassan , Zeineddine Salam , Braidy Carla , Aouad Rony , Tohme Cyril , Noun Roger , Sarkis Riad
Published: April 2008

Background

Routine calcium and vitamin D administration and routine autotransplantation of parathyroid glands can prevent hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy.

Methods

Routine autotransplantation of 1 or more parathyroid glands and oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation was used in 252 patients.

Results

One, 2, or 3 parathyroid glands were autotransplanted in 223, 27, and 2 patients, respectively. Routine oral calcium and vitamin D was administered in postoperative period in all patients. Postoperative hypocalcemia occurred in 17%, of whom 1.6% had minor symptoms related to hypocalcemia. No patient developed permanent hypocalcemia during the follow‐up period. The postoperative stay was 1 day in 93.6% of the cases. The incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia and hospital stay was higher in patients who underwent autotransplantation of more than 1 parathyroid gland.

Conclusions

Routine oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation and autotransplantation of at least 1 parathyroid gland effectively reduced symptomatic hypocalcemia and permanent hypoparathyroidism in total thyroidectomy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in the hippocampus of 27 mouse strains reveals novel inhibitory circuitry
Authors: Gahring Lorise C. , Rogers Scott W.
Published: April 2008

Mouse strains are well‐characterized to exhibit differences in their physiological and behavioral responses to nicotine. This report examines the expression of the high‐affinity nicotine binding receptor subunit, neuronal nicotinic receptor subunit alpha4 (nAChRα4), in the dorsal hippocampus of 27 inbred mouse strains. Multiple differences among mouse strains in the cellular expression of nAChRα4 between subregions of the hippocampal field are evident. Differences that we describe in the expression of nAChRα4 suggest mouse strains of diverse genetic origin could exhibit significant variation in how this receptor contributes to modulating intrahippocampal circuitry. These findings define a genetic frame‐work in which the strain‐specific responses to nicotine include underlying contributions by the varied anatomical context in which nAChRs are expressed. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal and amygdala volumes in children and adults with childhood maltreatment‐related posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Woon Fu L. , Hedges Dawson W.
Published: April 2008

Little work has directly examined the course of hippocampal volume in children and adults with childhood maltreatment‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Data from adults suggest that hippocampal volume deficits are associated with PTSD, whereas findings from children with PTSD generally show no hippocampal volume deficits in PTSD. Additionally, the role of the amygdala in emotional response makes it a possible region for investigation in children and adults with childhood maltreatment‐related PTSD. The objectives of this study were 2‐fold: (1) to meta‐analytically determine whether hippocampal and amygdala volumes in children and adults with PTSD from childhood maltreatment differ from those in healthy controls, and (2) to use cross‐sectional findings performed with meta‐analyses as a proxy for longitudinal studies to estimate the course of hippocampal and amygdala volumes in child and adult subjects with PTSD from childhood maltreatment. Using electronic databases, we identified articles containing hippocampal and amygdala data for children with PTSD and adults with PTSD from childhood maltreatment. Data were extracted and effect sizes were calculated using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Version 2.0. Reduced bilateral hippocampal volume was found in adults with childhood maltreatment‐related PTSD compared with healthy controls, but this deficit was not seen in children with maltreatment‐related PTSD, suggesting hippocampal volume deficits from childhood maltreatment may not be apparent until adulthood. Greater left than right hippocampal volume was found in the adult healthy control group but not in the PTSD group. Amygdala volume in children with maltreatment‐related PTSD did not differ from that in healthy controls. Hippocampal volume is normal in children with maltreatment‐related PTSD but not in adults with PTSD from childhood maltreatment, suggesting an initially volumetrically normal hippocampus with subsequent abnormal volumetric development occurring after trauma exposure. However, longitudinal studies are needed to support these preliminary findings. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postnephrectomy fistula between the renal artery stump and inferior vena cava treated with Amplatzer vascular plug: Gray‐scale and Doppler sonographic findings
Authors: Taneja Manish , Metupalle Vasanthan , Hiong Tay Kiang , Soo Tan Bien , Htoo Austin
Published: April 2008

Fistulous communication between the renal artery stump and the inferior vena cava is a rare complication of nephrectomy. We report a case of an adult male in whom a fistula was detected on investigation for persistent postoperative anemia. The fistula was initially identified with Doppler sonography and subsequently confirmed on a catheter angiogram. It was successfully occluded percutaneously with an Amplatzer vascular plug. The plug had a distinctive appearance on subsequent sonographic studies that was useful for follow‐up evaluation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Sonographic findings of healthy volunteers infected with dengue virus
Authors: Statler John , Mammen Mammen , Lyons Arthur , Sun Wellington
Published: April 2008

Purpose.

Sonography has historically been used in developing countries to help diagnose dengue infection during epidemics of dengue hemorrhagic fever in endemic areas and to predict the clinical course. In this article, we describe the sonographic findings in subjects infected with attenuated, monovalent strains of dengue virus.

Methods.

As part of a major research protocol to validate challenge strains of dengue virus for use in vaccines, 12 subjects were infected with 1 of 4 strains of dengue virus, and 3 subjects received placebo. The challenge was followed by an observation period. During this time, they were imaged regardless of the development of symptoms.

Results.

Seven of 12 subjects infected with dengue virus showed sonographic evidence of subclinical plasma leakage, including perihepatic and perisplenic ascites, pericardial effusion, and gallbladder wall thickening. None of the 3 placebo recipients developed effusions.

Conclusion.

Sonographic evidence of fluid collection was seen in over half of subjects infected with dengue virus who did not show any evidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever. These findings shed light on possible mechanisms of plasma leakage and its role in the pathogenesis of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Sonographic appearances of the normal ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel
Authors: Ozturk Ersin , Sonmez Guner , Çolak Ahmet , Sildiroglu H. Onur , Mutlu Hakan , Senol Mehmet Guney , Basekim C. Cinar , Kizilkaya Esref
Published: April 2008

Purpose.

To investigate the sonographic characteristics of the normal ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel, as well as any differences related to age, sex, and dominant arm.

Method.

Two hundred twelve elbows in healthy volunteers were evaluated sonographically. The cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the ulnar nerve within the cubital tunnel was measured with the elbow in extension and in flexion. The presence and number of fascicles was determined. The displacement of the ulnar nerve out of the cubital tunnel in full elbow flexion was also investigated.

Results.

The mean ± SD CSA of the ulnar nerve was 6.6 ± 1.7 mm2 (6.7 ± 1.8 mm2 in men and 6.5 ± 1.7 mm2 in women). The mean CSA of the ulnar nerve was highest for subjects aged 50–59 years, and lowest for subjects aged 30–39 years. Forty‐two of 212 (19.8%) ulnar nerves had 2 fascicles, and 5 (2.4%) had 3 fascicles. The remaining 165 (77.8%) nerves had 1 fascicle. During elbow flexion, 49 of 212 (23.1%) ulnar nerves showed subluxation, and 18 (8.5%) were dislocated.

Conclusion:

There were differences in the CSA of the ulnar nerve between some age groups, but there was no variation with sex or handedness. Sonography can evaluate the morphologic changes of the nerve during flexion of the elbow. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008