bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 y riesgo de automatización en el mercado laboral de los países andinos
Authors: Mejía Luis Fernando , Pablón César
Published: October 2023

Este documento examina los impactos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el mercado laboral de la Comunidad Andina (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú), utilizando la armonización de encuestas de hogares en cada país. Los resultados confirman un aumento en la tasa de desempleo, especialmente entre la población joven y las mujeres, agravando las disparidades preexistentes. A pesar de la uniformidad en la propagación del virus y las similitudes en la configuración del sistema laboral, se identifican notables disparidades en los efectos sobre el empleo, la formalidad, las ocupaciones y las ramas entre los diferentes países, lo cual sugiere una asimilación diferenciada de los efectos entre las ocupaciones formales e informales. En 2021, se confirma una recuperación del empleo, aunque todavía ubicándose por encima de los niveles anteriores a la pandemia, ratificando así una recuperación sin creación de empleo (jobless recovery). Además, se constata que la pandemia afectó principalmente a empleos susceptibles de automatización, acelerando este proceso que venía consolidándose con anterioridad. Finalmente, basándose en la metodología de Frey & Osborne (2017), se estima que alrededor del 60 % de los puestos de trabajo en estos países enfrentan un alto riesgo de automatización a mediano plazo, subrayando la urgencia de implementar políticas inclusivas y adaptativas frente a esta inminente transformación.
Multiplicity in Sovereign Default Models: Calvo Meets Cole-Kehoe
Authors: Paluszynski Radoslaw
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a model of sovereign default that features interest rate multiplicity driven by rollover risk. Our core mechanism shows that the possibility of a rollover crisis by itself can lead to high interest rates, which in turn reinforces the rollover risk.By exploiting complementarity between the traditional notions of slow- and fast-moving crises, our model generates a rich simulated dynamics that features frequent defaults and a volatile bond spread even in the absence of shocks to fundamentals. In the presence of risky income, our mechanism amplifies the dynamics of debt and spreads relative to model benchmarks where equilibrium multiplicity relies on the underlying shocks to income.
Colaboración intergeneracional frente a los retos de la transición demográfica
Authors: De Anca Celia , Galdón Concepción , Gutierrez Eugenia
Published: October 2023

Este informe contribuye a la comprensión y gestión de la longevidad y las nuevas realidades intergeneracionales en Colombia, España, México, Perú y Uruguay. Tras un análisis de las consecuencias demográficas, sociales y económicas de la longevidad, aborda las fricciones que resultan en los distintos grupos etarios como los problemas en torno al edadismo, la desafección y la dificultad de algunos colectivos para acceder a bienes y servicios. El informe ofrece recomendaciones para Gobiernos, agentes sociales y empresas, y señala posibles áreas para futuras investigaciones. Su coproducción ha sido una labor conjunta del Observatorio de Demografía y Diversidad Generacional de Fundación IE con la colaboración del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), BID Lab, MAPFRE, Plan Mayor y Fundación SERES y cuenta con la participación de actores sociales. Las opiniones expresadas en esta obra son de los autores y no necesariamente reflejan el punto de vista del BID, de su Directorio Ejecutivo ni de los países que representa, así como tampoco del Comité de Donantes de BID Lab ni de los países que representa.
Isodeparaffinization of diesel fraction over granulated Pt-containing molecular sieves SAPO-11 and SAPO-41
Authors: Yakovenko R. E. , Agliullin M. R. , Zubkov I. N. , Denisov O. D. , Serebrennikov D. V. , Kutepov B. I. , Maksimov A. L.
Published: October 2023

Physicochemical and catalytic properties of molecular sieves SAPO-11 and SAPO-41, which were granulated with a binder and promoted with 0.5 wt.% Pt, were studied in isodeparaffinization of hydrotreated diesel fraction. It was shown that the introduction of ca. 30 wt.% boehmite, which turns into alumina upon calcination, into the granules leads to a 50– 70 % decrease in the micropore volume and a 6–12 % growth of the external specific surface area of the material in comparison with highly dispersed samples of the indicated molecular sieves. Both samples of bifunctional catalysts make it possible to produce diesel fuel with the pour point of –42 °С and the yield of ca. 91–92 wt.% at 340 °С, 3 MPa, 2.0 h–1, and H2 /feedstock = 800 m3/m3.
Hydrogen production by heterogeneous catalytic dehydrogenation of formic acid. A review
Authors: Voskresenskaya E. N. , Kirilets V. M. , Taran O. P. , Kuznetsov B. N.
Published: October 2023

The review considers recent advances in the field of heterogeneous metal-containing catalysts for the production of hydrogen as an environmentally benign energy carrier by dehydrogenation of formic acid, which is an accessible and low-toxic substance. Although the activity of homogeneous catalysts in the dehydrogenation of formic acid is higher compared to heterogeneous catalysts, the application of the latter ones makes it possible to simplify the technology and increase the environmental safety of hydrogen production from formic acid. The efficiency of heterogeneous catalysts for dehydrogenation of formic acid based on noble metals (Pd, Au, Ag) can be enhanced by the development of advanced methods for the synthesis of monometallic, bimetallic and trimetallic nanoparticles on different supports. The efficiency of different heterogeneous nanocatalysts in dehydrogenation of formic acid is compared and various factors (the nature of a metal, the size of nanoparticles, their composition, and features of the support) affecting their activity and selectivity to hydrogen are discussed. A considerable increase in the activity toward dehydrogenation of formic acid is achieved by enhancing the interaction of metal nanoparticles with the surface of chemically modified substrate, which decreases the size of nanoparticles, increases the uniformity of their distribution over the substrate and changes the electronic state of the metal. Advances in the development of industrial heterogeneous catalysts for the production of pure hydrogen from formic acid will ensure an essential contribution to the development of hydrogen energetics.
Tungstated zirconia catalysts with a porous support for heptane isomerization
Authors: Smolikov M. D. , Shkurenok V. A. , Yablokova S. S. , Kazantsev K. V. , Gulyaeva T. I. , Muromtsev I. V. , Lavrenov A. V.
Published: October 2023

The advanced WO3-ZrO2 catalysts with palladium as the active metal and porous alumina supports of different phase composition have been synthesized. Aluminum oxides purchased from Sasol, which were formed as extrudates (E), and spherical aluminum oxides (S), in which the phase composition is represented by alumina modifications θ-Al2O3, δ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3, served as the supports . The phase composition of the support was shown to strongly affect the activity of supported Pd/WO3-ZrO2 catalysts. When passing from the set of Al2O3 θ- and δ-phases to the phase composition θ- and α-Al2O3, an increase in activity of the catalysts is observed, which is indicated by a 10–30 °С shift of the temperature dependences of heptane conversion toward lower temperatures. The appearance of the α-Al2O3 phase is accompanied by a decrease in specific surface area of the catalysts, thus increasing the density of acid sites and hence changing the activity. Pd/WZ catalysts with supports S have a higher acidity (3.7–6.3 μmol/m2) compared to the samples with supports E (2.8–3.6 μmol/m2). The increased acidity of Pd/WZ/S catalysts amplifies side reactions of heptane cracking with the formation of gaseous С1–С4 hydrocarbons. In its turn, moderate acidity of Pd/WZ/E catalysts increases the formation selectivity of heptane isomers (89.2–89.3 % at a heptane conversion of 81.5–83.2 %) in comparison with the catalysts with supports S (the isomerization selectivity 84.9–85.6 % at a heptane conversion 80.4–81.4 %).
Color Stability of Resin Hybrid Ceramic Materials in Comparison to Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate Ceramic
Authors: EftekharAshtiani Reza , Beyabanaki Elaheh , Razmgah Mahshid , Salazar Alma , Revilla-León Marta , Zandinejad Amirali
Published: October 2023

Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to compare the effect of external staining agents (black tea and grape juice) on the color change of three hybrid ceramics including a new material in comparison to zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate.
Materials and Methods: Ten samples of two hybrid dental ceramics including Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik) and Crystal Ultra (Digital Dental) in addition to a resin nanoceramic, Lava Ultimate (3M ESPE); and a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramic, Vita Suprinity (Vita Zahnfabrik) were prepared and immersed in black tea or grape juice for 30 days. A spectrophotometer was used to evaluate color change. All samples were carefully chosen in A3 shades or their equivalent. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were used to analyze the color differences (ΔE00) among the materials and the staining solutions at a significant level of 0.05.
Results: Significant color changes were observed in Vita Enamic and Lava Ultimate groups after immersion in both solutions (P<0.001). The least color changes (ΔE00) belonged to the Vita Suprinity (1.34) and Crystal Ultra (1.92) groups, respectively.
Conclusion: The color changes of Vita Enamic and Lava Ultimate materials were beyond clinical acceptability. However, the mean color changes of Vita Suprinity and Crystal Ultra groups were clinically acceptable.
La relevancia de la confianza institucional y la comunicación en la percepción y construcción social de riesgos
Authors: Vallejos Romero Arturo
Published: October 2023

El objetivo general de este artículo es aportar, desde el punto de vista conceptual, a la percepción y construcción de riesgos y, en particular, a la observación y crítica de la intervención en torno a los riesgos ambientales que se expresan en Chile y en América Latina. La propuesta — enmarcada en una perspectiva de teoría social y sociología del riesgo — consiste en algunos lineamientos teórico-metodológicos para estudiar problemas socioambientales, propios de la modernidad, los cuales se manifiestan a través de construcciones y percepciones que los actores locales (gestionadores como "gente de a pie") elaboran y que los estudios evidencian como una externalidad negativa para la salud y la calidad de vida de la población. Se examina, además, la problematización de la percepción social de riesgos, y se trabajan dos variables que la literatura muestra como reveladoras en el recuento de los riesgos en la región de estudio: la confianza y la comunicación de éstos, mismas que deben ser tomadas en cuenta en los modelos de intervención ambiental, para mejorar las políticas públicas e instrumentos de gestión relativos a los riesgos socioambientales.AbstractThe study's objective, in general, is to offer a conceptual discussion on the perception and construction of risk and, in particular, on the observation and criticism of interventions that are implemented in relation to environmental risk expressed in Chile and Latin America. The proposal, framed in the perspective of social theory and the sociology of risk, suggests some theoretical-methodological lines to approach socioenvironmental problems, particular to modernity, that are expressed through constructions and perceptions that local actors (common and key) develop and which studies evidence as a negative externality for the health and quality of life of the population. Specifically, this articles attempts to observe, from a different perspective, the problematization of social perception of risk and to work with two variables that the literature shows as relevant at the time of explaining risks in our localities: trust and risk communication, which we believe are also necessary to take into account when thinking of models of environmental intervention which can improve public policies and instruments of management regarding socioenvironmental risks.
Identidad cultural y ciudadanía en los sectores pobres de Santiago de Chile
Authors: Cabalin Cristian
Published: October 2023

La población La Victoria localizada al sur de Santiago, es en uno de los hitos fundantes del movimiento de los pobladores en Chile y en América Latina. Este artículo examina, desde una perspectiva cualitativa, el proceso de construcción de su identidad y el ejercicio de la ciudadanía. Los resultados sugieren que la identidad de los habitantes de la población La Victoria está mediada por su historia y por el espacio (territorio) que ocupan en la ciudad.AbstractBased on a qualitative study in La Victoria, a shantytown in Santiago de Chile with a long history of urban mobilization that goes back to the 50's, this paper examines how cultural identities shape political representation and contribute to social exclusion. The results suggest that the origins of the shantytown left an important imprint on its residents delineating their cultural identity in ways that limit their political and social integration.
La democracia secuestrada. Actores sociales y representatividad en México
Authors: Millán Valenzuela Henio
Published: October 2023

Escasa representatividad y modernidad son dos causales del abstencionismo y del nivel de apoyo que los mexicanos suministran a la forma en que se ejerce democracia. Ambos dan origen a dos conflictos. El primero es el más importante y manifiesta un reclamo generalizado, pero diferenciado, hacia la clase política por mayor representación. El segundo conflicto refleja una pugna entre actores sociales por el proceso de modernización mexicano. Así, la pugna por la representatividad oculta una lucha para que la élite política abra el Estado para que esos conflictos se expresen y se diriman. La metodología utilizada consiste en ecuaciones logísticas nutridas con una encuesta levantada quince días después de la última elección federal.AbstractLow representativeness and modernity explain electoral abstention as well as the level of support Mexicans give to democracy. I argue that both raise two conflicts. The first one is the most important and reflects a generalized, but differentiated, claim on the part of citizens for better representation. The second one points to disagreements regarding the Mexican modernization process. Therefore, behind the struggle for representation in Mexico lies the demand for more openness from the State in order for these conflicts to be expressed. These arguments are supported by a quantitative analysis comprising logistic equations and a survey conducted fifteen days after the federal election of 2006.
Las causas de la desconfianza política en México
Authors: Del Tronco José
Published: October 2023

¿Qué factores explican la desconfianza de los ciudadanos en las instituciones representativas? La literatura especializada ha presentado dos tipos de respuestas a este problema. La "corriente culturalista" sostiene que las actitudes políticas son resultado del 227 proceso de socialización (Almond y Verba, 1963; Eckstein, 1988; Inglehart, 1996; Torcal y Montero, 2006; Segatti, 2006) y, por lo tanto, difíciles de cambiar en el tiempo. Por su parte, el abordaje "racional" considera que las actitudes de los ciudadanos son consecuencia del desempeño que éstos le atribuyen al sistema (Miller y Listhaug, 1999, Camoes y Mendes, 2000; Mishler y Rose, 2001; Magalhaes, 2006). A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Cultura Política (2008), este trabajo demuestra, para el caso mexicano, que la desconfianza se explica mayormente a partir del deficiente desempeño que los ciudadanos atribuyen a sus representantes.AbstractFrom a culturalist perspective, political attitudes are the result of early life socialization and are, therefore, unlikely to change across time. The rationalist approach suggests that political attitudes are influenced by citizens' evaluations of the political system and its actors. Based on data from the National Political Culture Survey (2008), this article studies the conditions under which citizens distrust political institutions. The results suggest that political distrust in Mexico is related to the poor performance of representative institutions.
Evaluación de ingesta dietética en un grupo de mujeres lactantes en dos poblaciones de Antioquia, Colombia, 2021-2022
Authors: Arias-Gutiérrez Maria J. , Londoño-Sierra Diana Carolina , Correa-Guzmán Nathalia , Restrepo-Mesa Sandra L.
Published: October 2023

Objetivos: describir la prevalencia del riesgo de deficiencia o exceso en la ingesta de nutrientes y el patrón de consumo de alimentos de acuerdo con las recomendaciones establecidas por el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social y el Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en mujeres sanas que fueron atendidas en dos hospitales del oriente antoqueño, con seguridad alimentaria y nutricional (SAN) según la Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Seguridad Alimentaria (ELCSA), en el primer trimestre de lactancia, evaluadas entre los años 2021 y 2022. La fuente de información fue la historia clínica. Se midieron las características sociodemográficas, clínicas, antropométricas y la ingesta dietética y de micronutrientes. Se empleó estadística descriptiva. Se presenta la prevalencia de déficit o exceso de ingesta calórica y el índice de relación de consumo (IRC). Se utilizaron los software EVINDI v5, PCSIDE v1.0, Stata 16.1 y Jasp 0.16.4. Resultados: se incluyeron 30 mujeres lactantes. La prevalencia de riesgo de deficiencia en la ingesta usual de energía fue 43 % y exceso 16 %; el riesgo de deficiencia proteica fue 98 %. El consumo superior al valor de referencia para grasa saturada fue 86 % y carbohidratos simples 72 %. El patrón de consumo se caracterizó por superar las recomendaciones para azúcares (IRC = 1,29), leche y derivados (IRC = 1,09), cereales, raíces, plátanos y tubérculos (IRC = 1,04). No cumplieron las recomendaciones en la ingesta de grasas (IRC = 0,70), carnes, huevos, leguminosas, frutos secos y semillas (IRC = 0,49), frutas y verduras (IRC = 0,41). Conclusiones: el patrón alimentario identificado dista de las guías nacionales, lo que limita el consumo de macro y micronutrientes, y contribuye al círculo intergeneracional de la malnutrición. Es fundamental realizar nuevas investigaciones en el país para identificar otros patrones de consumo e impulsar acciones de política al respecto.
Priming – innovative development of methodology preparation of seeds for sowing (review)
Authors: Yanchenko A. V. , Bukharov A. F. , Fedosov A. Y.
Published: October 2023

The development of classical methods of soaking and growing seeds to the method of hydropriming and its further improvement based on the introduction of new knowledge and integrated approaches are shown. Priming is a controlled hydration of seeds (saturation with a limited amount of water), which causes the activation of metabolism, the initiation of germination (preventing the appearance of a root) and ensuring the subsequent reversibility of this process (by drying) while maintaining a stimulating effect. P.A. Genkel, who presented a thorough theoretical justification and detailed experimental confirmation of the effectiveness of pre-sowing soaking and subsequent drying (often multiple times) to increase drought and salt tolerance of plants. For a complex of methods for influencing seeds with water and osmotic solutions, W. Heidecker proposed the term priming, which is widely used in the English language, but at first did not take root in Russian literature. The characteristic of the internal reasons for the decrease in the viability of seeds, associated primarily with the aging process, during which the depletion of nutrient reserves, the accumulation of growth inhibitors, mutagens, reactive oxygen species and other harmful substances, the denaturation of proteins and nucleic acids, the oxidation of unsaturated lipids and external (abiotic and biotic), and their interactions. The article provides information about agents and methods, technical solutions and priming techniques. The role of water, conditions, factors, parameters, fundamental morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical substantiation of the germination process are described. The shortcomings of priming and ways to overcome them are outlined on the basis of an in-depth study of the metabolic processes occurring in the process of priming and subsequent germination in order to understand the mechanisms for increasing the sowing and productive properties of seeds. The necessity of maximizing the practice of applying priming, especially in difficult environmental conditions, was noted.
Results of breeding work on cowpea-adzuki (Vigna angularis (Willd)) for the monsoonal climate of the Russian Far East
Authors: Kornilov A. S. , Sakara N. A. , Vanyushkina I. A.
Published: October 2023

At the Primorskaya vegetable experimental station – branch of the Federal state budgetary scientific institution «Federal scientific vegetable center», selection and introduction into production of a new legume crop for Russia – adzuki cowpea. The varieties Asia (for universal cultivation) and Far East (for horticultural vegetable growing) were created and included in the State Register of the Russian Federation. Promising specimens have been created, which, in terms of their biological and economic indicators, are not inferior to the varieties Asia and Far East. Primary seed production of new varieties is underway and their introduction into farms and garden vegetable growing. The grain yield of cowpea-adzuki universal samples ranged from 3.15 t/ha (Asia variety, standard) to 2.77 t/ha (sample POOS 31-15). The highest grain productivity was observed in the standard (Asia - 22.5 g/plant) and in sample POOS 44-15 (20.8 g/plant). The Asia variety and the promising sample POOS 31-15 (20.2 pieces/plant) produce the most beans per plant. It was noted that the Dalnevostochnaya variety has the greatest resistance to cracking of beans during their ripening (7.2 points). Samples for universal cultivation have above average resistance to bean cracking (5.8-6.5 points). The plant height of promising samples is quite favorable for combine harvesting: 64 (POOS 31-15) – 71 (POOS 39-15) cm. Due to the fact that the flowering of cowpea-adzuki is extended, the ripening of beans is rarely 100%. For promising samples, this indicator is high and amounts to 95.5% (POOS 44-15) - 99.8% (POOS 31-15), which fully complies with the ATT requirements (more than 90%). The creation of varieties of a new vegetable crop for Russia will improve the economics of agricultural production in the difficult climatic conditions of the Far Eastern Federal District.
The current state of technological support for vegetable crops production in the Russian Federation
Authors: Lobachevsky Ya. P. , Dorokhov A. S. , Sibirev A. V.
Published: October 2023

The main limiting factor in the development of the vegetable growing industry is the low technical level of vegetable cultivation. It should be noted that many works in domestic breeding, as well as in seed production of vegetable crops, are carried out manually. The decrease in the share of Russian varieties in the market of seed material of vegetable crops is largely due to the fact that the technological level and technical equipment of most originating institutions of Russian varieties are simply not comparable with the level of modern Western European breeding and seed production centers and companies that seek to increase the supply of seed material to the Russian market. One of the significant factors in increasing the efficiency of vegetable production is the use of highly efficient agricultural machinery and equipment. At the moment, there are no machines for performing the main operations of cultivating vegetable products in Russia, and the available agricultural machines for vegetable producers are on the verge of physical wear and tear and have long ago exhausted their depreciation resource. The existing foreign analogues presented on the Russian market do not fully meet the agrotechnical requirements imposed by Russian farmers on foreign-made machines. Based on the analysis of the technical support of the vegetable growing industry in the Russian Federation, the need for commodity producers in modern hightech complexes of machines for the production of vegetable crops is economically determined based on the total sown area of vegetable crops. The results of the statistical studies carried out made it possible to assess the current state of agricultural engineering for the production of the required number of machines for vegetable growing. The increase in sown (planting) areas and the expected increase in the production of the main types of crop products against the background of a decrease in the availability of agricultural machinery contributes to an increase in the load per unit of equipment and creates risks of a decrease in the level of agricultural mechanization. Currently, low volumes of domestic seed production are associated, among other things, with the low level of technical equipment of breeding and seed-growing organizations with specialized machines and equipment.
On the issue of growth and development of tomato fruits
Authors: Ivanov P. I. , Terekhova V. I.
Published: October 2023

The use of technologies in greenhouse vegetable growing that ensure environmental safety, high plant productivity is an important component. In this regard, the issues of hormonal regulation of the processes of fruit set, their growth, and the causes of abscission are topical. The synthesis of auxin in the nascent seed and the synthesis of gibberellins in the pericarp is carried out due to cell division and elongation and cause intensive fruit growth. In the literature review, the necessary production conditions for good pollination of flowers are considered - temperature, humidity, pollen amount and pollinating insects.
Signs of incompatibility of grafting components in scion-rootstock combinations of pear with common quince
Authors: Semin I. V.
Published: October 2023

Relevance. In the middle zone of Russia, industrial cultivation of pear fruits is almost not produced due to the lack of intensive rootstocks. In regions with a mild climate, this problem has long been solved by grafting pears on common quince, but in more northern regions, quince is not hardy enough. In recent years, as a result of the long-term work of VNIISPK scientists, winter-hardy rootstock forms of common quince have been obtained, capable of restraining the growth of grafts and accelerating their entry into the fruiting season. They have a wide prospect of being used to intensify the production of pear fruits in central Russia. However, the grafting of pears on quince is remote intergenerational and not all varieties can be cultivated on it due to different degrees of compatibility. There is no single methodology for determining compatible and incompatible graft-rootstock combinations of pear varieties with quince, therefore, it is an important and urgent task to identify signs by which non-viable combinations can be identified starting from the nursery.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the conditions of the VNIISPK production nursery in 2008-2010; 2019-2022. The object of research was graft-rootstock combinations consisting of quince seedlings of ordinary selection of VNIISPK used as rootstocks and various varieties of pear collection of the Institute. Pear seedlings were used as a control. Propagation of varieties was carried out by the method of oculation at a height of 20 cm from the ground in the first decade of August. The repetition of the experiment is 3 times 30 plants in each. Agrotechnics of experience is generally accepted. In order to identify the most common signs characterizing the degree of compatibility of graft-rootstock combinations, starting from the awakening of the eyes of the graft, observations were made every 5-7 days on their development in a nursery.

Results. In the course of observations, a number of additional signs were identified that can be indicators of positive or negative accretion of pear varieties with quince and on the basis of which it is possible to determine viable and non-viable graft-rootstock combinations already in the nursery. The conducted studies also made it possible to divide pear varieties into three groups of compatibility with quince: A – well compatible varieties. Their development on the quince rootstock is better than on the pear rootstock. B – satisfactorily compatible varieties. They can grow on common quince, that is, they can be viable graft-rootstock combinations, but there are some signs of their incomplete development. It is advisable to use a compatible insert rootstock, on which such varieties develop better. С – incompatible varieties. It is possible to grow such varieties on quince only with the use of a compatible insert rootstock. With direct grafting on common quince, such graft-rootstock combinations are not viable.
Tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) in the conditions of Azerbaijan
Authors: Huseynov K. G. , Jafarov I. H. , Huseynov H. G. , Musaev F. B.
Published: October 2023

Relevance. Among the factors of increasing the productivity and quality of cultivated plants, the correct organization and timely implementation of the fight against harmful organisms is of great importance. At the same time, a special place is occupied by quarantine measures. No less important is the timely detection and destruction of quarantine organisms, their localization and elimination in isolated centers of infection.

Methods. The methods for registration testing of pesticides in terms of biological effectiveness (VIZR) and of studying the bioecological features of the tomato leaf miner, adopted by the Scientific Council of the National Institute of Plant Protection and Technical Cultures of the Republic of Azerbaijan, was applied.

Results. In the conditions of the South Caucasus in the Republic of Azerbaijan, the biology of the tomato leaf miner, the degree of development, the prevalence and the harmfulness of the insect pest have been studied in detail for the first time. The reasons for the rapid spread of the pest are indicated, the conditions are favorable to it. Listed agrotechnical measures that reduce the population of the pest and measures of biological and chemical control. Employees of the Institute of plant protection and technical crops and the Azerbaijan State Agrarian University have developed a set of measures for monitoring, prevention and pest control, thanks to which it is possible to control the number of pests.
Koprski frančiškan p. Hijacint Repič, zbiralec in pisec hagiografije
Authors: Košir Diana
Published: October 2023

Prispevek prinaša vpogled v hagiografsko delo patra Hijacinta Repiča iz koprskega samostana pri sv. Ani. Večina njegovih zapisov o svetnikih je bila objavljena v verski reviji Cvetje z vertov sv. Frančiška (1881–1916), v kateri je redno objavljal. Članke sem zbrala in analizirala po obsegu, izvoru (avtorstvu) in vsebini. Posebej sem se posvetila članku o bl. Monaldu Koprskem (1909), ki je nastal na podlagi patrove izvirne latinske študije De B. Monaldo de Iustinopli (Capodistria), objavljene v Archivum franciscanum historicum (Firence, 1908). Besedili o Monaldu sem primerjalno analizirala skozi štiri elemente »hagiografskega diskurza« (Van Uytfanghe 1993, 2011).
Naratološki vidiki in hagiografski diskurz v Življenju svetnikov in prestavnih godovih Franca Veritija
Authors: Koron Alenka
Published: October 2023

Delo Franca Veritija (1771–1849), v devetnajstem stoletju priljubljenega pisca svetniških življenjepisov, bi bilo danes v širši javnosti verjetno pozabljeno, če literarni zgodovinarji z debato o začetnikih slovenske pripovedne proze ne bi pred časom oživili zanimanja zanj. Po kratkem prikazu te debate in problematizaciji dvomov o tem, da Veritijeve hagiografije sodijo v sistem slovenske pripovedne proze, obravnavam v tem članku dve hagiografski besedili (Sveti Anton, duhovni oče pušavnikov in Sveti Perpetua, Felicita in tovarši, marterniki) iz dela Življenje svetnikov in prestavni godovi (1828–29) z naratološkega vidika in na ozadju žanrskih značilnosti hagiografskega diskurza.
Hagiografske značilnosti v kratkih pripovednih besedilih Mohorjevih koledarjev druge polovice 19. stoletja
Authors: Bošnjak Blanka
Published: October 2023

Ena izmed možnih materialnih produkcij hagiografskega diskurza so objave hagiografskih pripovedi v periodičnih publikacijah, tako bo v prispevku med drugim prikazan razvoj in zaton različnih hagiografskih kratkih pripovedi ter drugih oblik besedil s hagiografskimi prvinami v izbranih periodičnih publikacijah druge polovice 19. stoletja. V raziskavo so zajeti letni koledarji Mohorjeve družbe v obdobju med letoma 1861 in 1890. V obravnavanem korpusu Mohorjevih koledarjev so z usihanjem hagiografskih kratkih pripovedi in besedil s hagiografskimi prvinami (npr. poučni zgledi svetniških, bibličnih ali cerkvenih oseb) začele naraščati objave posameznih kratkih biografskih besedil in tudi vedno pogostejših različnih oblik besedil z biografskimi prvinami.
David v Samuelovi knjigi in poznejšem izročilu
Authors: Snoj Vid
Published: October 2023

Članek obravnava lik Davida v biblični Samuelovi knjigi. David je glavni junak te knjige, ki na začetku pripoveduje o zamenjavi Božjega kraljstva s človeškim in o začetku človeške politike. Nanj skoz vse njegovo življenje deluje priteg oblasti. Vendar zlasti tedaj, kadar nima na voljo oblastvenega sredstva, izkazuje zaupanje v Boga, tisto potezo srca, ki mu jo je v pravičnost štelo poznejše biblično izročilo. V njem je bil postavljen ne samo za visoko merilo, po katerem so bili presojani njegovi potomci, vsi poznejši judovski kralji, ampak je postal tudi »oče« Mesije.
Ustvarjalska in funkcijska raznolikost slovenskih ljudskih pripovednih pesmi o svetnikih
Authors: Klobčar Marija
Published: October 2023

Slovenske ljudske legendne pesmi o svetnikih so v preteklosti omogočale zelo nazorno popestritev kateheze, pojavljale pa so se tudi v drugih kontekstih. Pesmi, ki so jih sestavljali organisti, folkloristika dolgo ni upoštevala, med ljudske pa je uvrščala pesmi, zaznamovane z nešolanostjo in neznanim avtorstvom. Prispevek z analizo kontekstov nastajanja in prenašanja teh pesmi kaže, kdo so bili njihovi avtorji ter kje in zakaj so se porajale in ohranjale. S tem opozarja predvsem na ustvarjalnost, ki je potekala zunaj cerkvenih okvirov in je bila povezana z delovanjem potujočih pevcev ter beračev, in nakaže nekatere vloge pesmi o svetnikih v ritualnih praksah in v drugih funkcijah. Ob tem ugotavlja, v kakšnem razmerju sta bila pri pesmih o svetnikih dojemanje ljudskega in vprašanje relevantnosti pesemskih hagiografij.
РИТУАЛЫ ИНИЦИАЦИИ И ПЕРЕХОДА КАК СРЕДСТВА СОЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ ИНДИВИДА
Authors: Атаманов Александр Владимирович
Published: October 2023

Актуальность обусловлена такими проблемами современности, как распад общественных устоев, кризис культуры, поиск идентичностей, межнациональные и межэтнические конфликты, формирование новых социальных слоев и иерархий, переосмысление норм нравственности и морали, вопросы гендерного неравенства, сложная ситуация с мигрантами и беженцами, возникновение религиозных сект, субкультур, экстремистских течений, вызовы глобализации. Адаптация к новому устройству социального мира, благополучное существование индивида в обществе, понимание им своего места в мире, осознание принадлежности человека к какой-либо группе – все это требует поиска ориентиров и базиса для успешной социализации, в качестве которых выступает такой феномен человеческой жизни, как ритуал. Через драматическое проигрывание последнего человек усваивает векторы своего поведения, а символическое содержание формы ритуала способствует формированию аксиологической значимости объектов и явлений, присутствующих в человеческой жизни. Являясь своего рода символическим средством отображения устройства общества, его иерархических отношений и связей, пронизывая всю социальную структуру и постоянно сопровождая человека, ритуал призван облегчить его социализацию. Цель: изучение ритуалов инициации и перехода как средств социализации индивида. Методы: структурно-функциональный и аналитический подходы, философский анализ текстов, аналогия. Результаты: исследование ритуалов перехода и инициации подтверждает ценность последних для социализации индивида, но для индивида и группы в целом важен весь ритуальный комплекс как средство самоактуализации мировоззрения, норм, ценностей и установок, о чем свидетельствуют внутренние связи между ритуалами, которые приняты в отдельном социальном сообществе.
ДЕФОРМАЦИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО КАПИТАЛА КАК ФАКТОР РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ РИСКОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ НЕСТАБИЛЬНОСТИ
Authors: Герасимова Людмила Алфисовна
Published: October 2023

Актуальность темы обуславливается факторами нарастания экономической и геополитическойнестабильности, оказывающей существенное влияние на социальное благополучие современногороссийского общества. В данных условиях значительно расширяется диапазон распространенияразличных социальных рисков и девиантных форм поведения, сдерживающей силой для которыхможет стать система нематериальных ценностей, представленных в различных формах социального капитала. Цель: поиск причин и выявление последствий разрушения социального капитала, определение ключевых траекторий решения данных проблем в ближайшей перспективе. Методы:общенаучные методы обобщения, детализации, сравнения, анализа и синтеза, в том числе анализстатистических данных. Полученные результаты включают два ключевых аспекта: во-первых, обоснование того, что рост различных форм девиаций является во многом следствием пониженияуровня социального капитала, разрушения системы социальных связей; во-вторых, при отсутствии грамотного подхода к решению данной проблемы рассматриваемые патологии начинаютвосприниматься обществом как норма, в результате чего возникает эффект социальной дифракции. В заключении сделаны выводы о необходимости интенсификации развития социального капитала для борьбы с различного рода асоциальными формами поведения, укрепления системы ценностей, основанной на социальной солидарности и ответственности.
БИБЛИОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ТЕНДЕНЦИЙ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ БУЛЛИНГА КАК СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ФЕНОМЕНА
Authors: Бахматова Татьяна Георгиевна , Авилова Вероника Анатольевна
Published: October 2023

Значительный рост числа публикаций, посвященных буллингу, обусловливает необходимость их оценки и мониторинга для структурирования научной литературы. Библиометрический анализ, дополняя систематический, позволяет охватить большие объемы данных за длительный период времени, выявить тенденции и перспективы развития предметной области. Обзорные статьи по проблемам буллинга основаны преимущественно на систематическом подходе. Аналогичные библиометрические исследования носят фрагментарный характер, посвящены частным аспектам буллинга. Данная статья дает общую оценку эволюции изучения буллинга за последние 20 лет. Цель: картирование публикаций российских и зарубежных ученых по проблемам буллинга как социального феномена с 2003 по 2022 г., представленных в базах данных eLIBRARY.RU и PubMed. Методы: систематический обзор литературы, сравнительный анализ публикаций российских и зарубежных исследователей буллинга, библиометрический анализ с применением аналитических инструментов Google Trends, платформ Академии Google, eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed и программы VOSviewer. Результаты: Проанализированы психологический, педагогический, правовой, социологический подходы к пониманию буллинга как научной категории. Проведен сравнительный анализ тенденций в изучении проблем буллинга в России и за рубежом. Выявлены университеты, журналы, авторы, чей вклад является наиболее весомым. Проанализирована отраслевая и предметная структура публикационной активности. С помощью программы VOSviewer рассмотрены пять основных кластеров. Определены недостаточно изученные и перспективные направления. Практическая значимость: основные результаты могут быть использованы в научной деятельности при оценке проблемных полей, векторов развития представлений о феномене буллинга.
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЬЯ: КОНТЕКСТ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ И КУЛЬТУРНЫХ ТРАДИЦИЙ. ЧАСТЬ I
Authors: Корниенко Михаил Анатольевич
Published: October 2023

Культурный ренессанс XII в. – «романский ренессанс» – обозначен в статье как эпоха, интеллектуальные движения которой обеспечили расцвет культуры латинской патристики, унаследованной Средневековьем от Рима. Показано, что XII век подготовил почву для аристотелизма, веком спустя ставшего для возникших университетов глубоким потрясением традиций образования. Обозначены векторы явления, названного великим доктринальным синтезом XIII в. Символический взгляд на мир, ранее отвергавший «физику», утратил свои позиции, и огромное влияние на эти процессы оказали концепция природы Аристотеля и возникающие в этот период университеты. Обозначена роль возрождающегося с Х в. христианства в появлении первых университетов, раскрыто значение соборных и монастырских школ для реализации духовных и светских амбиций церкви и становления первых университетов Средневековья. С IX по XIV в. − эпоха объединенного арабско-романского усилия, направленного на примирение религии и философии, а также завершение классической картины мира, что и нашло отражение в университетском образовании Средневековья.
El argumento de la locura
Authors: Porchat Pereira Oswaldo
Published: October 2023

El argumento explora las consecuencias que habría si, en el decurso de una revisión critica emprendida por un filósofo de sus creencias y certezas, este considerase la posibilidad de estar loco. Desarrollado en primera persona, el argumento -que tiene un perfil cartesiano y es extraño al patrón de argumentación del antiguo escepticismo pirrónico- culmina, sin embargo, en una postura escéptica. Él desafía y pone en jaque, de una manera radical, los ideales de certeza y conocimiento absolutos propuestos por la razón clásica.
Evaluación docente y portafolio: análisis del desempeño profesional docente en Chile
Authors: Padilla Fuentes Geraldo , Rodríguez Garcés Carlos , Espinoza Valenzuela Denisse
Published: October 2023

Este artículo explora los resultados de la Evaluación Docente en Chile durante la última década, especialmente los del portafolio docente y sus subdimensiones. Los resultados muestran que, durante los últimos años, ha incrementado el desempeño insatisfactorio en la evaluación docente, principalmente entre profesores de sexo masculino y que enseñan Historia. En cuanto al portafolio, es el instrumento con los resultados promedio más bajos cada año, especialmente, sus indicadores de énfasis curricular y uso del error para el aprendizaje. La regresión logística binaria indica que el perfil más favorable para un adecuado desempeño en este instrumento se vincula con el sexo femenino, la enseñanza media y el subsector de matemáticas. Las conclusiones discuten el rol y utilidad del portafolio en la Evaluación Docente y la política educativa.
La comunicación oral en educación superior: una experiencia de evaluación estandarizada
Authors: Ordinola Sandoval Erika Vanessa , Tapia Flores Stephanie , Arrese Neyra Ruth
Published: October 2023

La comunicación oral es una competencia esencial en el ámbito académico y profesional, sin embargo, su evaluación representa un reto debido a la dificultad para establecer descripciones observables y objetivas. Este estudio tiene como finalidad identificar el desarrollo de la comunicación oral que logran los estudiantes. Para ello, se implementó un sistema de evaluación estandarizada con una muestra de 592 estudiantes de pregrado, matriculados entre el sexto y el duodécimo ciclo de una universidad peruana privada. El estudio concluye que hubo un mejor desempeño en el desarrollo del contenido, el contacto visual y la pronunciación, mientras que se observaron dificultades en el cumplimiento del propósito comunicativo, el uso de gestos y la variación del tono de voz. Se finaliza con recomendaciones para futuras experiencias de evaluación estandarizada de la comunicación oral.
Innovation capabilities and export performance in manufacturing SMEs
Authors: Alegre Joaquin , Ferreras-Méndez José Luis , Fernández-Mesa Anabel , Strange Roger
Published: October 2023

Export performance has become an increasingly important issue for SMEs in recent years as a result of the widespread phenomenon of globalization and the economic recession in some regions. Innovation has been proved to play a determinant role in export performance. In this paper, we propose a new comprehensive conceptualisation of innovation capabilities for manufacturing firms that includes capabilities in three key areas for innovation activities: technology, marketing and design. Using a database on Spanish manufacturing SMEs, we check the validity and reliability of this new innovation capabilities conceptualisation and then we test its effect on export performance. We find that those firms that are proficient in technology, marketing and design show higher levels of export performance. These findings are important for the innovation and internationalisation literature as well as for SME managers: emphasising technology, marketing and design contributes to facilitating SMEs’ performance in the international arena.
Prospective of the circular economy in a banana agri-food chain
Authors: Silva-Alvarado Pola Mary , Orozco-Crespo Erik , Verduga-Alcívar Douglas Andrés , Diéguez-Santana Karel , Ruiz-Cedeño Sebastiana del Monserrate , Sablón-Cossío Neyfe
Published: October 2023

The circular economy (CE) has been adopted as an alternative to the linear economic model, since it transforms the way products are designed and consumed. Agri-food chains are key to ensuring the transition to a sustainable development model in line with the principles of CE. This study sought to implement the concepts of circular economy at the Ecuador's banana production chain, through the design of prospective from the exhaustive diagnosis of the main processes of the chain. The research was conducted from 2020 to 2022. The studied checklist included 91 items grouped into nine dimensions: source or supply of materials, design, manufacturing, economic circle, distribution and sales, consumption and use, 4R, re-manufacturing, and sustainability. A medium circular economy level (CEL) was evaluated (2.69 points out of 5). Two machine learning techniques (MLTs) were also applied support vector machine (SVM), (with three types of kernel: radial, linear and polynomial) and a neural network (NN). In relation to the Spearman correlation coefficients of the application of the techniques to the study cases, they were higher than 0.90. The most reliable was the SVM Regression-Linear Kernel, which had a coefficient close to 1. Finally, various value-adding options are proposed in order to take advantage of the large amount of waste generated in the banana production system. The proposed options include value-augmentation processes, ranging from organic fertilizers, biofuels, materials for wastewater treatment, and the production of bioplastics and nanoparticles, which can be implemented using the CE approach.