bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Relationship between Financial Distress, Financial Flexibility, and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange
Authors: Mahmood Yasin , Rizwan Muhammad Faisal , Rashid Abdul
Published: March 2021

Purpose– This main purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of corporate financial flexibility (FF) on financial distress and performance of firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). It enables to know how financial flexibility affects the firm financial strength, financial distress, and corporate performance. Design/methodology/approach –This study focuses on a firm level data of 192 non-financial firms covering the period 1992 - 2014. The fixed effect model logistic regression is applied by using unbalanced panel data to examine the impact of financial flexibility on financial distress, and performance of sample firms. Findings – The results reveal that financially flexible firms are less likely to face financial distress. As firms have more financial flexibility, the probability of financial distress decreases as well. It is also found that financially flexible firms are more likely to perform well than counterpart firms. By using the Altman z score as a measure of financial distress it is revealed that as the Altman z score increases, the chances of financial distress reduce as well. These findings also suggest the existence of pecking order in Pakistani firms; because firms rely on internal sources first, second go to external sources of financing. Practical implications – the findings of this study enable the corporate managers to avoid financial distress by obtaining and maintaining financial flexibility by keeping the leverage level lower than industry level. By attaining and maintaining financial flexibility, corporate managers can also raise the performance of the firm as well. It can also enable to make appropriate capital structure decision to finance managers of corporate firms. The creditors may provide the loan to sound firms who have no or least chances of financial distress. The lenders may also get benefit from it by requiring the interest rate as per risk of financial distress of the firm. Investors may avoid investing in firms having very little or no financial flexibility. JEL Classification– G33, L25 Keywords: Altman z score, financial flexibility, firm performance, return on asset, panel data, financial distress, modified z score.
Determinants of Profitability of Banking Industry in Pakistan
Authors: Nadeem Misbah , Raza Hassan , Mubarik Fauzia
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The relationship between bank profitability and bank-specific and macroeconomic factors has important implications for a host of public policy questions. In the current study, balanced panel data on all scheduled banks over a period of 2006 to 2017 has been used to provide novel estimates of bank profit and its influential factors. Research Methodology: Further this study modeled the structure-conduct-performance hypothesis (SCP); it reflects the setting of prices that are less favorable to consumers (lower deposit rates, higher loan rates) in more concentrated markets as a result of competitive imperfections in these markets and lead supernormal profits The results of the current study have been obtained by using regression analysis and unit root analysis which deals with stationary and non-stationary of time series data. . Results: The results of the current study are significant and supported by the previous literature. In bank-specific characteristics, lagged bank profitability, capital ratio, and size found to have a positive relationship with bank profits while Loans have a negative and significant relationship with bank profits deposits have a positive and insignificant relationship with banks profitability. In macroeconomic factors such as inflation, corporate tax rate, negative and insignificant relation has been found. Originality/Value: This study implies that the profitability of banks can be enhanced by increasing the capitalization of banks. Endeavors should be made by banks in order to increase and maintain the retained earnings and reserves Keywords: Profitability, Return on Assets, Macroeconomic, Bank-specific, Corporate tax
Determinants of Customer Loyalty for Roadside Restaurants in Malaysia: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Masud Md. Abdullah Al , Haque Ahasanul , Kabir SMH , Tor-Kadioglu Cansu
Published: March 2021

Customer loyalty has become a fundamental and crucial focus for any business in the retail food industry. Therefore, every organization concentrating on gaining customer loyalty to extend profits and maintain sustainability within the business arena. This study aims to identify the determinants and their effects on customer loyalty for roadside restaurants in Malaysia. Survey data has been administered using a convenience sample of 248 customers from roadside restaurants located at metropolitan area of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor states in Malaysia. SPSS and AMOS statistical packages were used to validate and test the hypotheses. The study found that customer loyalty is mostly related to the environment of the restaurant and quality of food towards roadside restaurant businesses. Moreover, customer satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between the determinants and customer loyalty. This study contributes to stream an enhanced understanding of the problems and benefits for the roadside restaurant owners to formulate good marketing practices and better customer relationship strategies. Future study can be directed by using other independent variables with a more comprehensive solution.
INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENURIAL WORKING ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY AMONG SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
Authors: Atandi Fred Gichana
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of entrepreneurial   working environment on employee productivity among small and medium enterprises in Kitale town, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to; examine    entrepreneurial working environment, establish employee productivity   and to find out the relationship between entrepreneurial working environment and employee productivity among small and medium enterprises in Kitale town. The study used  both descriptive, cross-sectional and correlation research designs. A total of 14 SME  hotels  with  a total of 92 regular employees were sampled   to participate in the study. The sampling method used was census since the population was small. The research instruments reliability test  had a cronbatch’s alpha value of  0.884 which was above the threshold. The results indicated that SMEs hotels have not embraced entrepreneurial working environments in their work places which will allow employees to be motivated to exploit their potential and improve on productivity. The study results also showed that employee productivity is low implying that they may not be achieving their set targets which affects performance of  SMEs hotels. The study results also revealed that there was a significant relationship between entrepreneurial working environment and employee productivity. The study recommendations were;the SMEs hotels are facing stiff competition from world class hotels, to remain relevant  and in productive operations, they should embrace creation of entrepreneurial environment where their employees will feel motivated  and valued. The SMEs hotels  should consider recruiting entrepreneurial human resources who will easily utilize their unique skills and talents to benefit the enterprises they work with and the  county government of Trans Nzoia  and national government should draft a policy to provide incentives to  SMEs hotels while operating in  uncertain business environments..

Keywords: Entrepreneurial Environment, Productivity, Small and Medium Enterprises, Employee, Hotel
YENİ BULGULAR IŞIĞINDA MUSTAFA KEMAL PAŞA’NIN SAMSUN’A ÇIKIŞI ÖNCESİ KAMUOYUNDA TANINMASI KONUSU (1918-1919)
Authors: ELMACI Mehmet Emin
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmamızda yeni bulgular eşliğinde Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün daha ülkeyi başarılı bir savaş ile işgalden kurtarıp, ardından da devrimlerini gerçekleştirerek yeni bir zihniyete dayalı Cumhuriyeti kurmadan önce, tanınıp tanınmadığı üzerinde duracağız. Özellikle iç ve dış basında ilk kez adının ve fotoğrafının nasıl geçtiğini ve sonrasındaysa 1918 ile 1919 yılının ilk yarısında Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın basında kendine nasıl yer bulduğunu göstereceğiz.

Çalışmamızın yöntemi; bugüne kadar yayımlanmış Mustafa Kemal’den söz eden yazılı ve görsel haberlerin kronolojik olarak bulunup bir metodoloji çerçevesinde ele almak olacaktır. Ayrıca, yeni bulgular da kullanılarak görsel malzemeyle de desteklenecektir. Bunu yaparken de daha önce yayımlanmamış röportajı ve ondan söz eden haberler kullanılacaktır. Ayrıca, Mustafa Kemal’in basında yayımlanan ve bilinen en erken fotoğraflarından önce, Mustafa Kemal’den söz eden ve fotoğrafının kullanıldığı yayım da ilk kez tarih dünyasına tanıtılacaktır.
MİLLİ MÜCADELE’DE CEPHEDE SAVAŞANLARA GÜVEN VERME ÇABALARI: ŞEHİT ÇOCUKLARI İÇİN ÇİÇEK BAYRAMI
Authors: TORUN ÇELİK Esma
Published: March 2021

Osmanlı son döneminde yaşanan iç isyanlar, savaşlar ve toprak kayıpları nedeniyle binlerce kimsesiz çocuk çok kötü koşullarda yaşıyordu. Çocukların bakımlarını sağlayacak yardım kuruluşları ve cemiyetler yok denecek kadar azdı. Balkan Savaşlarında hayatını kaybeden askerlerin çocuklarının yanı sıra kimsesiz göçmen çocukların çok sayıda olması hükümeti harekete geçirmiş; I. Dünya Savaşı’na Osmanlı Devleti’nin de katılması ise sorunun bir an evvel çözülmesini zorunlu kılmıştır. 1914’te kurulan Darüleytamlar savaş yıllarında sürekli artan şehit ve gazi çocuklarının bile bakımını sağlayabilecek düzeyde olmamıştır. 1917’de İstanbul’da kurulan Himaye-i Etfal Cemiyeti de tüm kimsesiz çocukların bakımını amaç edinmesine rağmen, yeterli olamamıştır. Milli Mücadele’nin başlamasından itibaren şehit çocuklarının bakımına ve korunmasına önem verilmiştir. TBMM kurulduğu tarihten itibaren Anadolu’daki Darüleytamları kendi denetimine almıştır. 1921’de kurulan Türkiye Himaye-i Etfal Cemiyeti Milli Mücadele’de canlarını feda etmekten kaçınmayan şehit çocuklarının bakımı ve korunmalarının sağlanması için önemli bir kurum olmuştur. Daha sonra Çocuk Esirgeme Kurumu’na dönüşecek olan cemiyet, bir devlet kurumu gibi çalışmıştır. Kamunun genel çıkarlarına yararlı bir cemiyet olarak kabul edilmiştir. Cemiyet, 1922 yılının Ramazan Bayramı’nın üçüncü gününde ilk kez cephede babalarını kaybeden çocukların bayramı olarak anılan Çiçek Bayramını organize etmiştir. Sadece Ankara’da kutlanan bu bayram vatan yolunda canını verenlerin çocuklarına devletin sahip çıktığını göstermiştir. Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın yanı sıra bütün devlet erkanı, büyükelçiler, yerli ve yabancı gazeteciler ve Kara Fatma adıyla anılan Fatma Seher Hanım da bu kutlamaların davetlisidir. Şehit çocuklarının eğlendiği ve mutlu edildiği bugünde yarışmalar, müzayedeler ve müsamerelerle cemiyete yardım da toplanmıştır. Büyük Taarruz’dan sadece birkaç ay önce gerçekleştirilen bu bayram kutlaması, başta Ankara’da yayınlananlar olmak üzere geniş biçimde gazetelerde yer almıştır. Topyekûn savaşın eşiğinde olan Türk ordusunun mevcudunun beş kat arttırıldığı bu dönemde, cephede olan veya yeni sevkedilen askerlere, arkalarında bıraktıkları çocuklarına Ankara Hükümeti’nin en iyi biçimde bakacağı mesajı verilmiştir. Askerlerin vatan mücadelesinden başka hiçbir şey düşünmemeleri telkin edilmiştir. Savaşın kazanılabilmesi için cephedeki asker ve mühimmat sayısı kadar, askerlerin gözlerinin arkada kalmaması, hükümetine güvenmesi oldukça önemlidir.
İKİ FARKLI DÖNEMDE KEMALİZMİN ALGILANMASI (1960’LI VE 1990’LI YILLAR)
Authors: KAYALI Kurtuluş
Published: March 2021

Kemalizmin algılanışı zaman içinde farklılaşmıştır. Kemalizmin düşünsel çerçevesinin çizilmesi 1930’lu yıllarda gerçekleşmiş ve açılımı 1940’lı yıllarda belli bir görünüm almıştır. Kemalizm bu çerçevede gelişirken doğal olarak farklı yorumlara uğramıştır. Ancak 1960’lı yıllarda mesele daha genel bir çerçevede mütalaa edilip birörnek sayılabilecek, birbirine yakın ve yatkın bir Kemalizm anlayışı gündeme gelmiştir. Sözü edilen yorum sosyalizm ile Kemalizm arasında bir ilişki kurmak şeklinde tezahür etmiştir. Ancak bu yorumun daha akademik tarafını Niyazi Berkes ve Tarık Zafer Tunaya’nın metinlerinde, daha ideolojik tarafını da Fethi Naci ve Çetin Altan’ın yazdıklarında bulmak mümkündür. Değişimin genel fotoğrafı Sezai Karakoç’un Kemalistlerin sosyalistleşmesi yorumunda somutlaştırabilir. Bir otuz yıllık süreç içinde sözü edilen anlayış belli bir mecrada mahiyeti fazla değişmeden devam etmiştir. Bu tarz bir yorum çerçevesinde Doğan Avcıoğlu, Mümtaz Soysal, İlhan Selçuk ve Şevket Süreyya Aydemir’in yaklaşımları da düşünülebilir. Hatta bu doğrultuda Cahit Tanyol’un yazıları da mütalaa edilebilir. Bu arada onun yazmayı tasarladığı Türk Marksizm’ine Giriş bu anlayış çerçevesindedir. Bir otuz sene sonra Kemalizmin bir biçimde sosyalizmle iç içe geçmiş yorumu farklılaşmış ve Kemalizm sosyalizmden soyutlanmış ya da bir ölçüde ayrıştırılmış hale gelmiştir. Dönem aynı zamanda sosyalizmin etkisinin azaldığı, sosyalizmin dünya ölçeğinde çözüldüğü bir tarih kesitidir. Daha liberal yaklaşımların gündeme gelmesi söz konusudur. Aynı zamanda Kemalizmin eleştirisinin yaygınlaşması gündemdedir. Bu eleştiri sosyalizmin Kemalizmden ayrıştırılma teşebbüsünden bir süre sonra gündeme gelmiştir. Dolayısıyla geçmiş dönemden fazlasıyla farklılaşmış bir Kemalizm algısı oluşmuştur. 1960’lı yılların Kemalizm eleştirisine göre daha sığ bir Kemalizm eleştirisi belirdiği gibi, daha problemli bir Kemalizm savunusu ortaya çıkmıştır. Dönem aynı zamanda milliyetçiliğin de 1960’lı yıllardan farklı bir şekilde anlaşılmasını beraberinde getirmiş, bu nedenle de 1960’lı yılların sosyalist entelektüelleri bile milliyetçi ve muhafazakâr olarak görülmüşlerdir. Özet olarak sol bir Kemalizm yorumundan soldan büyük ölçüde arındırılmış bir Kemalizm yorumuna geçilmiştir. Hatta 1990’lı yıllar ve sonrasının Kemalizm yorumu 1960’lı yılların sonrasındaki sağ Kemalizm anlayışından düşünsel anlamda daha sağda yer almaktadır. Bu bildirinin konusu da bu iki dönemdeki Kemalizm olgusunun derinlemesine tartışılmasıdır.
ALMAN ARŞİV BELGELERİNDE MUSTAFA KEMAL’İN ADOLF HİTLER İLE İLGİLİ KANAATLERİ (1934-1935)
Authors: KILIÇ Sezen
Published: March 2021

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün Adolf Hitler hakkındaki düşünceleri ve söyledikleri Türk tarihçileri kadar Türk milleti için de oldukça merak konusudur. Bu konuda yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda Alman Dışişleri Bakanlığı arşivinde biri 4 Temmuz 1934 diğeri ise 8 Haziran 1935 tarihli iki belge olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 4 Temmuz 1934 tarihli ilk belge, Ankara’daki Alman Büyükelçilik Müsteşarı Wilhelm August Julius Fabricius tarafından siyasi bir rapor olarak Alman Dışişleri Bakanlığı’na hitaben kaleme alınmıştır. Söz konusu raporu Fabricius, o tarihte Ankara’daki görevi sona eren Sovyet Büyükelçisi Yakov Zaharoviç Surits’in kendisine iletmiş olduğu ve gizli kalmasını istediği bilgileri esas alarak düzenlemiştir. Bu bilgilere göre Surits, görev süresi sona erip Türkiye’den ayrılmadan önce Cumhurbaşkanı Gazi Mustafa Kemal Paşa’yı ziyaret etmiştir. Surits, Fabricius’a, Başbakan İsmet Paşa’nın da hazır bulunduğu bu ziyaret esnasında Mustafa Kemal Pasşa’nın 30 Haziran 1934’te Almanya’da gerçekleşen Röhm Darbesi esnası ve sonrasında yaşanan olaylara niçin değinme gereği duyduğunu ve bu olaydan yola çıkarak Adolf Hitler ve yeni Alman hükümeti hakkında nasıl bir düşünce ve kanaate sahip olduğunu açıklamıştır. Bunun yanı sıra Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın, Röhm Darbesi ile İtalya’da Mussolini ve Rusya’da Bolşeviklerin iktidarı esnasında yaşananlar arasında nasıl bir bağlantı kurduğunu ve Türkiye’de kendi dönemindeki olaylar ile niçin kıyaslama gereği duyduğunu aktarmıştır. Aynı zamanda Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın söz konusu darbenin gerekçesi hakkında İsmet Paşa’dan neden çok farklı düşündüğünü de ortaya koymuştur.

İlk raporun kaleme alındığı tarihten yaklaşık 11 ay sonra, bu kez Almanya’nın Ankara Büyükelçisi Frederic Hans von Rosenberg, Alman Dışişleri Bakanlığına hitaben siyasi bir rapor kaleme almıştır. Söz konusu raporda Rosenberg, Türkiye’de görev süresinin sona ermesi dolayısıyla Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’e yapmış olduğu veda ziyareti esnasında yaşadıklarını aktarmıştır. Bu ziyaret sırasında Atatürk’e bu kez Başbakan İsmet İnönü dışında Dışişleri Bakanı Tevfik Rüştü Aras da eşlik etmiştir. Görüşmede Rosenberg, Atatürk ve İnönü’nün yeni Alman hükümeti ve lideri Adolf Hitler’e karşı nasıl bir düşünce ve kanaate sahip olduğunu öğrenmiş ve bunu kendi dışişleri bakanına iletmiştir.

Araştırmamızın amacı, söz konusu iki belgeden yola çıkarak Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün Adolf Hitler hakkında iki farklı tarihte söylediklerini o tarihlerdeki olayları ve ortamı dikkate alarak değerlendirmeye ve gerçeklerle ne derece örtüştüğünü irdelemeye çalışmaktır.
pesca amb rossegall a la mar de l'Ebre
Authors: Cartes Reverté Toni
Published: March 2021

Aquest article presenta els resultats de la recerca centrada en documentar les tècniques de pesca emprades en la pesca amb rossegalls (pesca amb ròssec des de la platja), els llocs on es realitzava i la vida col·lectiva dels pescadors que van participar activament des de finals de l' segle xIX a mitjan el segle xx a les badies de delta de l'Ebre.
A trajetória de Maria Preta no sindicalismo rural no municí­pio de Araçagi (PB) na década de 1990
Authors: De Paiva Neto Francisco Fagundes
Published: March 2021

A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas e em profundidade, procuramos desvelar as relações sobre uma sindicalista do Muní­cipio de Araçagi/PB com as dinâmicas polí­ticas da Igreja, quanto í  experiência junto aos movimentos sociais no campo. Em termos teóricos, dialogamos com os aportes bourdieusianos sobre trajetória e campo polí­tico, avaliando as tensões existentes entre os grupos de sindicalistas e a agência de Maria Preta no contexto atinente í  década de 1990. As fontes com as quais trabalhamos, mormente as orais, permitiram uma análise sobre as relações entre classe apontando para um processo de reforma agrária e relações polí­ticas entre entidades de mulheres em luta por uma cidadania ativa. Ademais, utilizamos outras fontes no curso da pesquisa, como bibliográficas e documentos primários.
Accelerating Bayesian microseismic event location with deep
learning
Authors: Spurio Mancini Alessio , Piras Davide , Ferreira Ana Margarida Godinho , Hobson Michael Paul , Joachimi Benjamin
Published: March 2021

Abstract. We present a series of new open source deep learning algorithms to accelerate Bayesian full waveform point source inversion of microseismic events. Inferring the joint posterior probability distribution of moment tensor components and source location is key for rigorous uncertainty quantification. However, the inference process requires forward modelling of micro-seismic traces for each set of parameters explored by the sampling algorithm, which makes the inference very computationally intensive. In this paper we focus on accelerating this process by training deep learning models to learn the mapping between source location and seismic traces, for a given 3D heterogeneous velocity model, and a fixed isotropic moment tensor for the sources. These trained emulators replace the expensive solution of the elastic wave equation in the inference process. We compare our results with a previous study that used emulators based on Gaussian Processes to invert microseismic events. For fairness of comparison, we train our emulators on the same microseismic traces and using the same geophysical setting. We show that all of our models provide more accurate predictions and ∼100 times faster predictions than the method based on Gaussian Processes, and a O(105) speed-up factor over a pseudo-spectral method for waveform generation. For example, a 2-s long synthetic trace can be generated in ∼10 ms on a common laptop processor, instead of ∼1 hr using a pseudo-spectral method on a high-profile Graphics Processing Units card. We also show that our inference results are in excellent agreement with those obtained from traditional location methods based on travel time estimates. The speed, accuracy and scalability of our open source deep learning models pave the way for extensions of these emulators to generic source mechanisms and application to joint Bayesian inversion of moment tensor components and source location using full waveforms.
Spain COVID-19 Governmental Response
Authors: S. Abdellatif Omar , Behbehani Ali , Landin Mauricio
Published: March 2021

The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Audiência telepresencial e devido processo constitucional
Authors: Soares Carlos Henrique , Alves Lucélia
Published: March 2021

A pandemia da Covid-19 provocou inúmeros desafios aos operadores do Direito no sentido de se encontrar soluções processuais adequadas para a continuidade da marcha processual. Uma dessas soluções foi dada pela Portaria n. 61 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, que instituiu plataforma emergencial de videoconferência para realização de audiências e sessões de julgamento nos órgãos do Poder Judiciário, no período de isolamento social, decorrente da pandemia Covid-19. O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar se o devido processo constitucional tem sido observado na realização de audiências telepresenciais, no âmbito do procedimento comum do CPC/2015, bem como no âmbito dos Juizados Especiais Cíveis (conciliação ou mediação, saneamento e instrução).
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE NUMBER HEAD TOGETHER PADA SISWA KELAS V SDN 219/II BTN LINTAS ASRI KECAMATAN BUNGO DANI
Authors: AVANA NURLEV , WIYOKO TRI , WULANDARI AULIA
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika pada peserta didik kelas V. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN 219/II BTN Lintas Asri Kecamatan Bungo Dani.Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan secara kolaborasi peneliti bersama guru kelas dengan objek penelitian peserta didik kelas 219/II BTN Lintas Asri yang terdiri dari 20 peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Number Head Together (NHT), penelitian ini dilakukan dua siklus, metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes dan observasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik setelah guru menerapkan model pembelajaran TGT dalam materi operasi hitung bilangan bulat. Pada siklus I persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar yaitu 55%  peserta didik yang belum tuntas 45%. Pada siklus II ketuntasan belajar peserta didik meningkat menjadi 85% dan peserta didik yang belum tuntas 15%. Begitu pula dengan hasil observasi aktivitas peserta didik mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I yaitu 66% pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 91%.
Assessment of Awareness About Biomedical Waste Among Doctors and Nurses of Children Hospital Lahore
Authors: Hassan Taimoor , Siddique Sidra , Saeed Sana , Moazzam Muhammad , Tahira Azmat , Ayub Fahad , Babar Ifzonia
Published: March 2021

Bio Medical waste refers to any type of waste which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research purposes pertaining to or in the fabrication or testing of biologicals.
Objective: To assess the awareness about bio-medical waste management among Doctors and Nurses of Children Hospital. 
Methods: Descriptive study was conducted in Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health Lahore. Convenient Sampling Technique was applied to gather data. This was a hospital-based study in which staff members of both genders were included. The study population divided into two strata and these strata consisted of doctors and nurses. A total of 139 staff members were involved out of which there were 77 doctors, 62 nurses. Their responses checked by a Performa about problems in the management of biomedical waste.
Results: The result showed that majority (62%) staff members had knowledge about bio-medical waste. The remaining staff had very basic knowledge about bio-medical waste.
Conclusions: The awareness about BMW management among Children's Hospital Operation theater staff is satisfactory. But still, they need to improve their knowledge to ensure more patient safety by organizing seminars, workshops.
Impact Of Online Classes During COVID-19 Pandemic Situation on Undergraduate University Students Pakistan
Authors: Batool Farwa , Saeed Bareera , Rehman Atia Ur , Waseem Humaira
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 detected in school, colleges and universities close the entire world. More than 1.2 billion kids were not in class-room worldwide. Consequently; education has altered considerably, among the characteristic increase of relearning, where by education is under-taken distantly as well as upon digital platform. Research recommended that online education has been revealed to raise maintenance of knowledge, moreover acquire not as much of time, denotation alter corona virus comprise cause might be now to reside.
Objective: To find out the impact of online classes in COVID-19 pandemic situation among undergraduate university students of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore.
Methods: A cross sectional study design was conducted for this research.Study was conducted from The University of Lahore, Lahore campus, department of Health Professional technologies. Sample size was 67. Data was analyzed and evaluated with the help of the statistical package for social sciences SPSS-V20
Results: Total 67 students participated in research. Participants' age range was 19 to 25 years.70% females and 29.9% males participated in this research.41.8% participants reported that they are facing difficulties in online classes while 3% participant were slightly disagree on it. 53.7% participants were disagreeing on learning satisfaction in online classes while 29.9% were strongly disagreeing.
Conclusions: This study concluded that despite gaining immense popularity today, digital technology has still not been embraced by students for use in teaching. Students are still more inclined towards face to face teaching rather than e-teaching.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography for Evaluation Solid Breast Lesions – A Systematic Review
Authors: Yousaf Farooq Syed Muhammad , C Robot Guido , Sughra Murrium Syeda Khadija Tul , Gilani Aima , Arsalan Gilani Hafiz Syed , Ul Abidin Syed Zain ul Abid , Nazir Memona , Haider Zeeshan
Published: March 2021

Breast cancer in women in both developed and developing countries is the most common cancer, and remains a major public health problem.
Methods: Analytical cross-sectional studies and only highquality studies were included. The searched databases were: Pub Med (2008-2020), Google scholar (2008-2020) and science direct (20082020). The key terms searched were ultrasound imaging, Breast solid mass or lesions, papillary lesions, Fibro-adenoma, breast cancer. Using these key terms, researchers found total 101 studies from the above-mentioned databases. Among these researchers found 56 studies from Google scholars, 11 from science direct and 34 from Pub Med. After this, researchers separated the relevant and irrelevant data.
Results: Table 1 shows the Descriptive results of age from 12 studies, 17641 individuals. The mean age was 46.14697 SD 10.56736. The mean Sensitivity was 91.0200 and mean specificity was 89.35. The pooled results of 8 studies and 2612 individuals, out of 2612 individuals we found 1220 (46.71) benign lesions and 1392 (53.29%) malignant lesions are also shown.
Conclusions: In conclusion, Ultrasound can differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions to great extent. This technique has the potential ability to altering the handling of cases in where a biopsy may be recommended, but the risk of carcinoma is known to be relatively low. Ultrasound accuracy is recommended as the first option for follow-up examinations of lesions because of its high sensitivity and ability to detect lesions outside of breast density.
Determination Of Sonographic Common Abdominal Findings Among Patients Suffering From Typhoid Fever
Authors: Sughra Maryam Syeda Khadija Tul , Haider Ghadeer , Hasan Zain Ul , Yousaf Farooq Syed Muhammad , Butt Sabir , Arsalan Gilani Hafiz Syed , Gilani Aima , Aslam Sobia
Published: March 2021

Typhoid fever is a potentially multi systemic and fatal illness, and this serious systemic infection caused by salmonella enterica serotype typhi and paratyphi which are both gram-negative bacteria
Objectives: To determine the sonographic common abdominal findings among patients suffering from typhoid fever.
Methods: This research was conducted at Al Qaim Ultrasound Centre and Islamia Hospital Chiniot in nine months duration. Honda Electronics (HS 2000, HS 2200, and Toshiba just vision) machines were used. Frequency range of 3.5-5.00 MHz was used. All the patients were enrolled voluntarily after explaining the procedure to the patient thoroughly. Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to evaluate the data
Results: In this study 176 patients were included, which clinically diagnosed suffering from typhoid fever and laboratory findings also showing positive results. All male and female patients of all age groups, who were clinically suspected of having typhoid fever, either acute or chronic. All male and female healthy individuals and noncooperative patients. Out of 176 patients, 91 were female and 85 males. Laboratory findings, 47(26.7%),56(31.8%),21(11.9%),52(29.5%) patients having (TyphidotIgG), (TyphidotIgM), (TyphidotIgG, IgM), (Widal) positive results respectively. Common abdominal findings on ultrasonography were 62(35.2%) patients with having hepatomegaly, and 88(50%) patients with splenomegaly. Mesenteric lymph adenitis showed only in 21(11.9%) patients. Results showed 27(15.3%) patients with bowel wall thickening, and 13(7.4%) patients with having acalculous-cholecystitis.
Conclusions: Ultrasonography is a useful and helpful tool in diagnosing the typhoid fever, especially when serological tests are time consuming or showing negative results or cultures. Ultrasonography is also a quick, economical and non-invasive procedure.
Frequency of Noise Induced Hearing Loss in Textile Mill Workers
Authors: Tahira Azmat , Ali Warris , Sadaf Ambreen , Shahzadi Maria , Ahsan Umair , Sohail Butt Hassan
Published: March 2021

Hearing impairment is a natural ageing as well as the most common reason of disability in the world. Hearing loss can increase the worsening of health quality of life and damaged hearing, which can lead to social behavior, anxiety, interpersonal vulnerability and conflicts for the affected individuals
Objectives: The objective of this study is to find out frequency of noise induced hearing loss and its association in textile mill workers.
Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted on 125 textile mill workers with nonprobability purposive sampling having 5 to 10 years working experience in spinning and weaving units of age 25 to 40 years (males). Data was collected by performing Otoscopy, tympanometry and pure tone audiometry in noise controlled room, analyzed and evaluated with the help of statistical package for social sciences version 25.00.Pearson chi square was used and P value was equal or less than 5% was taken as significant.
Results: Total number of 125(100%) were tested to check their hearing levels by standard pure tone audiometry. Out of 125(100%) 14(11.2 %) were with normal hearing. 28(22.4%) with mild hearing, 36(29%) with mild to moderate hearing, 34(27%) with moderate hearing, 12(10%) with moderately severe hearing and 1(0.8%) with severe hearing levels. Out of 125(100%) 50 (40%) were diagnosed with low level of anxiety, 43(34%) were with moderate level of anxiety and 32(26%) were with severe level of anxiety in all the participants working in the textile mill.
Conclusions: It is concluded that the mill workers are on the risk of developing hearing loss of different severity levels which also cause anxiety to them.
Sonographic Co-relation Between Adnexal Masses And Endometrial Thickness In Infertile Females
Authors: Yousaf Farooq Syed Muhammad , Sughra Murrium Syeda Khadija Tul , C Robot Guido , Arsalan Gilani Haz Syed , Gilani Aima , Ul Abdin Syed Zain , Ahmed Hamza
Published: March 2021

Infertility is very common social, economic and medical problem. There are various cause of infertility, adnexal masses and endometrial thickness play a vital role among them if we find out relation between adnexal mass, endometrial thickness and infertility so we will be able to overcome this problem to great cause.
Objectives: To determine the Sonographic co-relation between Adnexal Masses and Endometrial Thickness in Infertile Females
Methods: This Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Gilani Ultrasound Center, Lahore, Jamiat Hospital and Green town clinic The University of Lahore. Study duration was 9 months. Sample size was 150 patients. Sampling technique used was convenient sampling. All Infertile Females with adnexal mass, age of 18-45 were included in study. Male with infertility were excluded. Ultrasound machine Toshiba xerio with convex transducer frequency range 2.5 to 5 MHz was used.
Results: Out of 150 patients the mean age was 32 6.33, ± minimum age was 18 and maximum age was 45. The mean endometrial thickness was 0.78mm with standard deviation 0.29, minimum endometrial thickness was .10 cm, maximum endometrial thickness was 1.69 cm. Out of 150 patient's primary infertility was 30% with frequency of 45, and secondary infertility was 70% with frequency of 105. The chi-square test was used between adnexal mass and endometrial thickness shows that there is significant association because them.
Conclusions: Study concluded that there was significant corelation between adnexal masses and endometrial thickness in Infertile Females. Ovaries should not neglected in infertility treatment because they play important role with respect to endometrium. The removal of adnexal masses can improve infertility rate.
Detection of Metalo-Beta-Lactamase Gene in Carbapenem Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Kausar Humera , Hussain Shabbir , Akram Afia Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widespread organism, caused severe nosocomial infection in human andassociated with multiple drug resistance (MDR) Objective: The present study was carried out to observecurrent antimicrobial resistant pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Lahore and to detect the Metallobeta-lactamase (MBL) gene in carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Methods: By screening360 samples total 123 Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified by standard microbiology techniques suchas microscopy and biochemical testing. The isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated for drugresistance by disc diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify thecarbapenem resistance causing gene (bla-VIM and bla-IMP) Results: Following antibiotic resistantpattern was observed, Gentamycin (59.00%), Ceftazidime (58.7%), Ceftriaxone (58.00%), Cefotazime(57.0%) and Ciprofloxacin (55.00%). Resistance rates to carbapenem group of antibiotics is Doripenem(30.5%) Meropenem (31.0%) and Imipenem (28.0%). Out of 123 samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 28isolates were found resistant to carbapenem group of antibiotic which was supposed to be highlysensitive for this bacterium. Molecular based identification of resistance genes showed that bla-IMP genewas present in 32.1% (09) and bla-VIM was found positive in 17.8% (04) samples. Metallo-beta-lactamasesproducing genes (bla-VIM and bla-IMP), among carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa weredetected in 28.1% of samples. If other carbapenem resistant gene were also included this number mightbe higher Conclusions: PCR based test should be included in routine laboratory examination for quickdetection of the resistance causing genes.
Thermal Effect of Single Loop Shield on High-Voltage Cable Line Capacity
Authors:   Institute of Technical Problems of Magnetism of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tkachenko Oleksandr , Grinchenko Vladimir ,   Institute of Technical Problems of Magnetism of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dobrodeyev Pavel ,   Institute of Technical Problems of Magnetism of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with a single-loop shield with an asymmetric magnetic coupling used for a magnetic field mitigation of a high-voltage three-phase cable line. The goal is to evaluate a thermal effect of this shield on a cable line capacity. To calculate the flat cable line capacity in the nonshielded case, we use a standard IEC 60287. To achieve the goal we carry out a numerical simulation of the thermal field when the shield is installed. Wherein, we deal with two specific sections. One is a long section with the shield being distant from the cable line. The other is a relatively short section where the shield is located near the power cables. The thermal field is applied for a long section in a two-dimensional formulation, and a three-dimensional formulation is used for the short section. Hence, we have obtained the dependences of the maximum temperature of the power cables on parameters of the shield and its location height above the cable line. The most significant allowable cross-sections of the shield cable and their location height have been determined, when the thermal effect of the shield does not decrease the cable line capacity. These results have ensured the maximum cable line capacity while shielding. The shield temperature is shown to exceed the allowable level in the short section. To reduce it the thermal backfill has been used. We recommend the values of its thermal resistivity to be used for different parameters of the single-loop shield.
Increasing the Yield of Biogas and Electricity during Manure Fermentation Cattle by Optimally Adding Lime to Extruded Straw
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,, Polishchuk Viktor , Shvorov Sergey ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,, Flonts Igor ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,, Davidenko Taras ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,, Dvornyk Yevgenyi ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,
Published: March 2021

The aim of the work is to increase the yield of biogas and the generation of electricity in biogas plants through the combined fermentation of cattle manure with extruded wheat straw and slaked lime. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: the biogas yield from cattle manure with pellets of extruded wheat straw was determined without the use of slaked lime; when fermenting manure and pellets of extruded straw with different amounts of lime before extrusion, during extrusion and after extrusion with periodic loading of the bioreactor. The biogas volume was measured using the Krivoruchko method. To carry out the experiment, we used plastic bags (fermenters), a device for sealing the bags, a pH meter, and a calibrated cylinder. A seed was added to the calculated amount of biomass at the rate of 1 part of the sample to 4 parts of the seed, air was displaced from the fermenter and the hole was hermetically sealed. After that, the bag was placed in a thermostat at 37.5°C for 35 days. The volume of the bags was measured every seven days. On the basis of the experimental studies, the dependence of the biogas yield depending on the concentration, as well as the method of adding a solution of slaked lime in straw (before, during, after extrusion) was determined. The most significant research result is that the optimal ratio of straw extruded together with lime as a cosubstrate will increase the output of biogas and electricity by more than 60%.
Determination of Moisture Content of Insulating Oils by CoCl2
Authors:   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Kozlov Vladimir , Turanova Olga ,   Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kurakina Olga ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Turanov Alexander ,   Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS
Published: March 2021

Moisture content is one of the parameters of transformer oil that determine its quality. This parameter is one of the most critical, which is closely monitored. During the operation of transformer oil in the power equipment of electric power systems, about 10 grams of water per ton of oil is allowed, i.e. the permissible proportion of water is 10 ppm (ppm). The aim of the work is to develop a new method for determining the permissible proportion of water in transformer oil in small quantities. This goal is achieved by performing spectral studies of transformer oil samples in the UV and visible range with the addition of cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) powder. Сobalt (II) chloride has the ability to change its color depending on the amount of water of crystallization. The most significant result of the article is the conclusion, obtained on the basis of the recorded spectra, about the relationship between the optical density of the spectrum in the range of 360-490 nm and the moisture content of transformer oil when adding cobalt chloride powder. The significance of the results obtained is that the authors have proposed a new optical method for determining small values of the proportion of water in transformer oils, based on the dependence of the optical properties of cobalt (II) chloride on moisture content.This method has a very high sensitivity, low cost for determining the proportion of water and is very promising for solving problems of power energy.
Universal Combustion Chamber for Utilization of Petroleum Gases of Different Composition and Heat Output
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Shilova Alena , Bachev Nikolai ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Matyunin Oleg ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: March 2021

When developing micro-gas turbine power plants, it is necessary to have universal two-zone combustion chambers for utilizing petroleum gases of different composition and heat output at different oil deposits. In the combustion zone, the excess air ratio is selected from the interval between the lower and upper concentration limits of combustion. In the dilution zone by supplying secondary air, the working fluid with specified parameters is prepared for supply to the turbine. The excess air coefficient at the exit from the combustion chamber is determined from the energy balance equation and depends on the air and fuel gas parameters at the entrance to the combustion chamber and on the temperature of the working fluid at the entrance to the turbine. The purpose of this work is to develop recommendations for creating a universal combustion chamber for combustion of fuel gases of different composition and heat output. This goal is achieved by selecting the diameter of the chamber in order to ensure the required ratios between the average flow rate of the combustible air mixture and the rate of turbulent combustion, at which a stable position of the flame front is observed. The most noticeable result of the research conducted is substantiation of the possibility of using a universal combustion chamber with constant dimensions in utilization gas turbine installations designed for burning nonstandard fuel gases with ballasting components content up to 70%, which will reduce the time and cost of development and implementation of these installations.
PENERAPAN STRATEGI LISTENING IN ACTION DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MAHARAH ISTIMA’
Authors: Hanany Syagif
Published: March 2021

قدرة الشخص على استيعاب المعارف وتذكر أنه من خلال ما يسمع قيمة علمية منخفضة جدا بالمقارنة مع من خلال ما رآه أو من ذوي الخبرة. لذلك، لزيادة امتصاص العلم انه لم يسمع، ثم مهارات الاستماع (istima ')   بحاجة إلى تدريب على وجه التحديد، وخاصة في دراسة لغات أجنبية مثل العربية التي لديها بعض الخصائص والجوانب الخاصة التي يجب مراعاتها في دراسته. القدرة على الاستماع هي قدرات السلبي-تقبلا التي تمكن المستخدم اللغة لفهم اللغة المستخدمة شفويا. دون مهارات الاستماع جيدة، وسوف يكون هناك الكثير من الاتصالات سوء فهم لغةبين الزملاء المسجلين. ولذلك، فإن القدرة على الاستماع هي جزء مهم لا يمكن تجاهله في تعليم اللغة. المشاكل التي تنشأ في التعلم من الطلاب الاستماع عادة أقل حماسا عند اتباع الدرس الاستماع. ومن بين هؤلاء القدرة على التقاطاستماع بشكل جيد ولكن فهمه منخفضة. وفي الوقت نفسه الآخرين، والقدرة على التقاط جمع وفهم منخفضة على حد سواء. وقد تم اختيار العوامل المعلمين واستراتيجيات التعلم في الدراسة هو مؤشر مهم يؤثر على نجاح تعلم كيفية الاستماع وفقا للغرض المقصود. يمكن أن الاستراتيجية الصحيحة تلبية مطالب تعلم الطالب وذلك لتمكين الطلاب المحتملين لتطوير النحو الأمثل، سواء الإمكانات العاطفية والعقلية والفكرية،بديل استراتيجية واحدة في التدريس الاستماع والاستماع في العمل الذي يوفر ثلاثة التركيز على أنشطة الاستماع، وهي (1) أن الاستماع هو عملية نشطة، وتشارك (2) الاستماع في مختلف أنشطة تعلم اللغة، سواء داخل وخارج الفصول الدراسية، و ( 3) الاستماع إلى أولويات المعلم ب "الباحثين نشطة على تطوير مهارات الاستماع. الاستماع في العمل يتكون من أربعة أجزاء، والاستماع يقظ، والاستماع المكثف، والاستماع الانتقائي، والاستماع بشكل تفاعلي.
PENGAJARAN KOSAKATA BAHASA ARAB SISWA MELALUI MEDIA PERMAINAN POHON PINTAR
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri
Published: March 2021

الملخص

المفردات هي واحد من عناصر الهامية في اللغة العربية، بعيدا عن علم النحو و الصرف و الأصوت، اللغة العربية لديها المفردات لوظيفة و الدور و التأثير في تعليم اللغة، خاصة تعليم اللغة العربية للطلاب اللإندونيسي التي تعليم اللغة اللأجنبيه واحدة من وسائل اللإعلام التعلم في تعليم اللغة العربية باستخدام وسائل اللإعلام التعلم لعبة شجرة ذكية (Pohon Pintar)، وسائل اللإعلام التعلم شجرة ذكية استخدامها علي تعليم المفردات علي نوعه و شكله، المثال وضع الطلاب المفردات إسم (مؤنث و مذكر) و فعل (ماض و مضارع و أمر) التي حصل عليها الطلاب من المعلمين، بجعل بطاقة مثل الأوراق و الفواكهة إلي كل المواد محملة وسائل اللإعلام التعلم لعبة شجرة ذكية، و سوف تحفيز الطلاب لإضافة المفردات أن أكثر كثافة أشجارهم
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA ULAR TANGGA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAHIRAN BERBICARA BAHASA ARAB SISWA PONDOK PESANTREN DARUL HIKMAH SONCOLELA KOTA BIMA
Authors: Ade Rahman Nurlaila,
Published: March 2021

الملخص

استخدام الوسائط كعنصر من عناصر التعلم هو نقل المعرفة إلى الطلاب في عملية التعلم. في نطاق دراسة لغة اكتساب اللغة العميقة (المهارات اللغوية اللفظية) الاستراتيجيات والأساليب ، هناك حاجة أيضا إلى دور وسائل الإعلام لمساعدة الطلاب على فهم المواد اللغوية التي يقدمها المعلمون. يمكن لمجموعة متنوعة من وسائل الإعلام ، واحدة منها هي ألعاب الوسائط ، أن تسهل فهم الطلاب للمواد المقدمة. وسائل الإعلام للثعابين والسلالم  على سبيل المثال ، هي لعبة مألوفة جداً للعب المجتمع ، ويمكن استخدامها كوسيط. هذه هي القدرة على التحدث باللغة العربية للطلاب في مدرسة دار الحكمة سونكوليلا الإسلامية الداخلية في مدينة بيما