bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Libros recibidos
Authors: Teoría y realidad Constitucional Teoría y realidad Constitucional
Published: July 2018

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Encuesta sobre Control Parlamentario. Encuestados : Manuel Alba Navarro, Javier García Fernández, Antonio López Pina, Antonio Porras Nadales, José Antonio Portero Molina.
Authors: Teoría y realidad Constitucional Teoría y realidad Constitucional
Published: July 2018

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As censuras contra "Guevara, vivo ou morto…" de Claudio Tozzi
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Medeiros Alexandre Pedro de
Published: July 2018

A notícia da morte de Ernesto “Che” Guevara incitou o artista visual Claudio Tozzi a produzir uma série de painéis em sua homenagem. O primeiro desses trabalhos, Guevara, vivo ou morto…, ao ser exibido no IV Salão de Arte Moderna do Distrito Federal, em dezembro de 1967, foi pichado por um grupo de direita e violentado por agentes do DOPS na tentativa de sua retirada do certame. Este artigo propõe uma fala, ancorada em uma abordagem fenomenológica, sobre o painel em questão e o aborda como vítima e testemunha do terrorismo de Estado operado pela ditadura militar brasileira (1964-1985), assim como atravessado por uma dinâmica de projeção da imagem de Guevara como máscara vestida pela resistência a esse regime. Além disso, a obra é analisada a partir das censuras que sofreu: a primeira no já citado Salão de Brasília de 1967 e a segunda, em um episódio de autocensura promovido por parte do júri, na atribuição dos prêmios do 17º Salão Paulista de Arte Moderna.
A poética dos desvios na montagem visual de Ícaro Lira
Authors:   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Kuhnert Eduarda
Published: July 2018

Em entrevista realizada em setembro de 2017, o artista visual Ícaro Lira desenvolve reflexões acerca dos aspectos metodógicos da sua produção e pesquisa, as implicações políticas da montagem de materiais de arquivo e da abordagem da história através de vestígios e rastros dos acontecimentos.
A nova empresarialidade: o robustecimento dos valores éticos e sociais no exercício empresarial
Authors: Barbosa Kelly De Souza , Filho Adalberto Simão
Published: July 2018

A função social enaltecida pela Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 é um princípio fundamental para o uso da propriedade e para o desenvolvimento econômico do país e, até mesmo, dos particulares. Atentando-se a essa premissa foi difundida a tese da nova empresarialidade, em que a atividade empresarial é pautada nos valores éticos e na responsabilidade social. Logo, a finalidade empresarial não se restringe à busca pelo lucro, pois também está concatenada com a promoção de um impacto social positivo. Neste ínterim foram utilizados o método descritivo e as investigações bibliográfica e documental, para apresentar os principais aspectos da nova empresarialidade e a consequente efetivação das diretrizes constitucionais.
O impacto no sistema prisional brasileiro da mudança de entendimento do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre execução da pena antes do trânsito em julgado no HC 126.292/SP - um estudo empírico quantitativo
Authors: Hartmann Ivar A. , Keller Clara Iglesias , Chada Daniel , Vasconcelos Guilherme , Nunes José Luiz , Carneiro Letícia , Chaves Luciano , Barreto Matheus , Correia Fernando , Araújo Felipe
Published: July 2018

O presente estudo tem por objetivo a quantificação dos impactos práticos da decisão do STF no HC 126.292/SP, a partir do levantamento de dados que permitam uma estimativa aproximada de quantos réus respondem por processos penais em tribunais superiores e, por conseguinte, se tornam passíveis de encarceramento imediato. Segundo o último Levantamento Nacional de Informações Penitenciárias produzido pelo Ministério da Justiça, existem atualmente 622.202 presos no país. Segundo levantamento realizado pela equipe do projeto Supremo em Números da FGV Direito Rio, a expedição de mandado de prisão de réus condenados em segunda instância a pena igual ou maior a 8 anos e com recurso tramitando no STF e STJ significaria um aumento de 0,6% no número de apenados no sistema prisional (3.460 novos presos). Longe, portanto, de previsões catastróficas propaladas pelos críticos do novo entendimento do Supremo sobre a execução da pena após condenação em segunda instância.
Septoria nodorum blotch of wheat
Authors: Mehra Lucky , Adhikari Urmila , Cowger Christina , Ojiambo Peter S
Published: July 2018

Septoria nodorum blotch occurs in wheat-growing areas worldwide, but the disease is more prevalent in areas with warm and moist weather, such as the southeastern United States, parts of Europe, southern Brazil, and Australia. The disease affects both the quantity and quality of yield, and the pathogen is capable of affecting wheat at both seedling and adult stages. Historically, losses up to 50% have been reported, in addition to lower grain quality, although in the U.S., lower levels of loss are typical. The yield losses are highest when flag leaf, F-1 (leaf below flag leaf), and F-2 (leaf below F-1) are infected. The disease is known to reduce thousand-kernel-weight, a yield parameter. The fungus undergoes regular cycles of sexual recombination due to the availability of both mating types, and creates genetic variation in its population, thus enhancing its potential to overcome control measures. The pathosystem is also a model system for necrotrophic plant pathogens. So far, nine necrotrophic effectors and host susceptibility gene interaction have been identified, which have the potential to be used in marker assisted selection for breeding resistant wheat varieties.
Ocean acidification alters morphology of all otolith types in Clark’s anemonefish (Amphiprion clarkii)
Authors: Holmberg Robert , Wilcox-Freeburg Eric , Rhyne Andrew L , Tlusty Michael F , Stebbins Alan , Nye Jr. Steven W , Honig Aaron , Johnston Amy E , San Antonio Christine M , Bourque Bradford , Hannigan Robyn E
Published: July 2018

Ocean acidification, the ongoing decline of surface ocean pH and [CO32-] due to absorption of surplus atmospheric CO2, has far-reaching consequences for marine biota, especially calcifiers. Among these are teleost fishes, which internally calcify otoliths, critical elements of the inner ear and vestibular system. There is evidence in the literature that ocean acidification increases otolith size and alters shape, perhaps impacting otic mechanics and thus sensory perception. However, existing analyses of otolith morphological responses to ocean acidification are limited to 2-dimensional morphometrics and shape analysis. Here, we reared larval Clark’s anemonefish, Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830), in various seawater pH treatments analogous to future ocean scenarios in a 3x-replicated experimental design. Upon settlement, we removed all otoliths from each individual fish and analyzed them for treatment effects on morphometrics including area, perimeter, and circularity; further, we used scanning electron microscopy to screen otoliths visually for evidence of treatment effects on lateral development, surface roughness, and vaterite replacement. Our results corroborate those of other experiments with other taxa that observed otolith growth with elevated pCO2, and provide evidence that lateral development and surface roughness increased as well; we observed at least one of these effects in all otolith types. Finally, we review previous work investigating ocean acidification impacts on otolith morphology and hypotheses concerning function, placing our observations in context. These impacts may have consequences teleost fitness in the near-future ocean.
Tunable molecular tension sensors reveal extension-based control of vinculin loading
Authors: LaCroix Andrew S , Lynch Andrew D , Berginski Matthew E , Hoffman Brenton D
Published: July 2018

Molecular tension sensors have contributed to a growing understanding of mechanobiology. However, the limited dynamic range and inability to specify the mechanical sensitivity of these sensors has hindered their widespread use in diverse contexts. Here, we systematically examine the components of tension sensors that can be altered to improve their functionality. Guided by the development of a first principles model describing the mechanical behavior of these sensors, we create a collection of sensors that exhibit predictable sensitivities and significantly improved performance in cellulo. Utilized in the context of vinculin mechanobiology, a trio of these new biosensors with distinct force- and extension-sensitivities reveal that an extension-based control paradigm regulates vinculin loading in a variety of mechanical contexts. To enable the rational design of molecular tension sensors appropriate for diverse applications, we predict the mechanical behavior, in terms of force and extension, of additional 1020 distinct designs.
Inhibiting the integrated stress response pathway prevents aberrant chondrocyte differentiation thereby alleviating chondrodysplasia
Authors: Wang Cheng , Tan Zhijia , Niu Ben , Tsang Kwok Yeung , Tai Andrew , Chan Wilson C W , Lo Rebecca L K , Leung Keith K H , Dung Nelson W F , Itoh Nobuyuki , Zhang Michael Q , Chan Danny , Cheah Kathryn Song Eng
Published: July 2018

The integrated stress response (ISR) is activated by diverse forms of cellular stress, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and is associated with diseases. However, the molecular mechanism(s) whereby the ISR impacts on differentiation is incompletely understood. Here, we exploited a mouse model of Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia type Schmid (MCDS) to provide insight into the impact of the ISR on cell fate. We show the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway that mediates preferential synthesis of ATF4 and CHOP, dominates in causing dysplasia by reverting chondrocyte differentiation via ATF4-directed transactivation of Sox9. Chondrocyte survival is enabled, cell autonomously, by CHOP and dual CHOP-ATF4 transactivation of Fgf21. Treatment of mutant mice with a chemical inhibitor of PERK signaling prevents the differentiation defects and ameliorates chondrodysplasia. By preventing aberrant differentiation, titrated inhibition of the ISR emerges as a rationale therapeutic strategy for stress-induced skeletal disorders.
Genetic analysis reveals candidate genes for activity QTL in the blind Mexican tetra,Astyanax mexicanus
Authors: Carlson Brian M. , Klingler Ian B. , Meyer Bradley J. , Gross Joshua B.
Published: July 2018

Animal models provide useful tools for exploring the genetic basis of morphological, physiological and behavioral phenotypes. Cave-adapted species are particularly powerful models for a broad array of phenotypic changes with evolutionary, developmental and clinical relevance. Here, we explored the genetic underpinnings of previously characterized differences in locomotor activity patterns between the surface-dwelling and Pachón cave-dwelling populations ofAstyanax mexicanus.We identified multiple novel QTL underlying patterns in overall levels of activity (velocity), as well as spatial tank use (time spent near the top or bottom of the tank). Further, we demonstrated that different regions of the genome mediate distinct patterns in velocity and tank usage. We interrogated eight genomic intervals underlying these activity QTL distributed across six linkage groups. In addition, we employed transcriptomic data and draft genomic resources to generate and evaluate a list of 36 potential candidate genes. Interestingly, our data support the candidacy of a number of genes, but do not suggest that differences in the patterns of behavior observed here are the result of alterations to certain candidate genes described in other species (e.g., teleost multiple tissue opsins, melanopsins or members of the core circadian clockwork). This study expands our knowledge of the genetic architecture underlying activity differences in surface and cavefish. Future studies will help define the role of specific genes in shaping complex behavioral phenotypes inAstyanaxand other vertebrate taxa.
Optical Materials Forming Tightly Polymerized Voxels during Laser Direct Writing
Authors: Prabhakaran Prem , Son Yong , Ha Cheol‐Woo , Park Jong‐Jin , Jeon Sungwoo , Lee Kwang‐Sup
Published: July 2018

Routine TPL studies of functional microstructures often demand strict conditions of resolution, form, and stability. This results in a tradeoff between resolution and mechanical stability in finely featured structures. Herein, the authors demonstrate a method to improve the mechanical stability of structures fabricated from a urethane acrylate photoresist, that is, prone to mechanical failure. In this work the authors show that the unique characteristics of two‐photon‐induced polymerization (TPP) can be exploited to form tightly polymerized voxels (voxels, or volume pixels, are the building blocks of a microstructure). This approach leads to stable microstructures without a sizeable trade‐off in terms of resolution. This is achieved by adding a co‐sensitizer and radical quencher pair to the photoresists sensitized with a two‐photon absorbing dye. The co‐sensitizer leads to high degrees of polymerization, while the radical quencher limits polymerization at the periphery of the voxel. The formation of tightly polymerized voxels has been validated experimentally from line dimensions of the structure and their degree of polymerization. The authors have tested the sensitizer‐radical quencher combination in another photoresist and demonstrated the adaptability of this concept to tune different photopolymer systems.
Synthesis of α,β‐Dicarbonylhydrazones by Aerobic Manganese‐Catalysed Oxidation
Authors: Carrasco Carlos J. , Montilla Francisco , Álvarez Eleuterio , Galindo Agustín
Published: July 2018

A practical, simple, and efficient manganese‐catalysed oxidation of C(sp2)−H bond in readily available β‐carbonylenehydrazine under aerobic conditions has been developed. This protocol exhibits a wide range of functional group tolerance in β‐carbonylenehydrazines to afford α,β‐dicarbonylhydrazones. Experimental and theoretical results suggest that the reaction very likely proceeds through a radical pathway via a hydrogen‐atom‐transfer process promoted by a MnIII species.

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Fluid‐Integrated Glass–Glass Laminate for Sustainable Hydronic Cooling and Indoor Air Conditioning
Authors: Heiz Benjamin P. V. , Su Lingqi , Pan Zhiwen , Wondraczek Lothar
Published: July 2018

More than 20% of the global energy demands are caused by heating, ventilating, and air conditioning in buildings. In particular during summer seasons and in warm climates, cooling loads are mostly neutralized by conventional air‐conditioning systems. Due to often very low primary temperature, these require high energy input, cause significant noise, uncomfortably cool draughts, and vertical air temperature gradients. Here, an energy efficient planar cooling device for large area integration with building interiors is presented. The system is based on a thin glass–glass capillary element and enables indoor temperature conditioning with a very low temperature gradient. The cooling ability of the device is demonstrated on a prototype scale of ≈0.5 m2. Computational predictions based on the obtained results show that by implementing the present system in a 24 m2 office room located in Central Europe with a window to floor ratio of 0.42, the specific cooling load could reach up to 80 W m−2 in summer. This corresponds to an effective indoor air temperature reduction by up to about 15 °C. In comparison to other hydronic systems, the present device provides significantly more freedom regarding design, layout, and functionality of modern buildings.
Nanoporous CaCO3 Coatings Enabled Uniform Zn Stripping/Plating for Long‐Life Zinc Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Kang Litao , Cui Mangwei , Jiang Fuyi , Gao Yanfeng , Luo Hongjie , Liu Jianjun , Liang Wei , Zhi Chunyi
Published: July 2018

Zn‐based batteries are safe, low cost, and environmentally friendly, as well as delivering the highest energy density of all aqueous battery systems. However, the application of Zn‐based batteries is being seriously hindered by the uneven electrostripping/electroplating of Zn on the anodes, which always leads to enlarged polarization (capacity fading) or even cell shorting (low cycling stability). How a porous nano‐CaCO3 coating can guide uniform and position‐selected Zn stripping/plating on the nano‐CaCO3‐layer/Zn foil interfaces is reported here. This Zn‐deposition‐guiding ability is mainly ascribed to the porous nature of the nano‐CaCO3‐layer, since similar functionality (even though relatively inferior) is also found in Zn foils coated with porous acetylene black or nano‐SiO2 layers. Furthermore, the potential application of this strategy is demonstrated in Zn|ZnSO4+MnSO4|CNT/MnO2 rechargeable aqueous batteries. Compared with the ones with bare Zn anodes, the battery with a nano‐CaCO3‐coated Zn anode delivers a 42.7% higher discharge capacity (177 vs 124 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1) after 1000 cycles.
Gallium Hydrides and O/N‐Donors as Tunable Systems in C−F Bond Activation
Authors: Jaeger Alma D. , Walter Ruben , Ehm Christian , Lentz Dieter
Published: July 2018

The gallium hydrides (iBu)2GaH (1 a), LiGaH4 (1 b) and Me3N⋅GaH3 (1 c) hydrodefluorinate vinylic and aromatic C−F bonds when O and N donor molecules are present. 1 b exhibits the highest reactivity. Quantitative conversion to the hydrodefluorination (HDF) products could be observed for hexafluoropropene and 1,1,3,3,3‐pentafluoropropene, 94 % conversion of pentafluoropyridine and 49 % of octafluorotoluene. Whereas for the HDF with 1 b high conversions are observed when catalytic amounts of O donor molecules are added, for 1 a, the addition of N donor molecules lead to higher conversions. The E/Z selectivity of the HDF of 1,1,3,3,3‐pentafluoropropene is donor‐dependent. DFT studies show that HDF proceeds in this case via the gallium hydride dimer–donor species and a hydrometallation/elimination sequence. Selectivities are sensitive to the choice of donor, as the right donor can lead to an on/off switching during catalysis, that is, the hydrometallation step is accelerated by the presence of a donor, but the donor dissociates prior to elimination, allowing the inherently more selective donorless gallium systems to determine the selectivity.
Predicting physically violent misconduct in prison: A comparison of four risk assessment instruments
Authors: Abbiati Milena , Palix Julie , Gasser Jacques , Moulin Valérie
Published: July 2018

Violence in correctional facilities is an important issue for both prisoners and prison staff. Risk assessment instruments have demonstrated their accuracy in predicting the risk of (re) offending and institutional violence in psychiatric settings, but less is known about their ability to predict violent misconduct in prison. The present study applied four risk assessment instruments (Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk, Historical Clinical Risk Management‐20, Psychopathy checklist – Revised, and Violent Risk Appraisal Guide) to 52 violent offenders in a Swiss prison in order to evaluate the instruments' predictive validities. Outcomes were instances of physically violent, other and any misconduct as recorded in prison files during the 12 months following the prisoners' assessments. Approximately 15% of offenders committed physically violent misconduct and approximately 42% committed any misconduct. The results show that mainly dynamic assessment tools are as good predictors of physically violent misconduct as mainly static assessment tools. Targeting dynamic factors could increase the effectiveness of interventions to reduce the risk of physical violence in prison.
MiR‐335‐5p restores cisplatin sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells through targeting BCL2L2
Authors: Liu Ruonan , Guo Hailong , Lu Shifen
Published: July 2018

Objective

Our study was designed to explore the association miR‐335‐5p and BCL2L2 and to investigate the influence of miR‐335‐5p/BCL2L2 axis on cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer cells.

Methods

Microarray analysis was used to determine differentially expressed microRNAs in primary and cisplatin‐resistant A2780 cells. Cell function experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of miR‐335‐5p on the cisplatin sensitivity of A2780 cells. The targeted relationship between BCL2L2 mRNA and miR‐335‐5p was validated through luciferase assay. Tumor xenograft was performed to confirm the function of miR‐335‐5p in restoring the cisplatin sensitivity of the ovarian cancer cells.

Results

MiR‐335‐5p was lowly expressed in cisplatin‐resistant A2780 cells. Overexpression of miR‐335‐5p reduced cell survival and enhanced cisplatin‐induced cell apoptosis. BCL2L2 mRNA was a target of miR‐335‐5p, and silencing of BCL2L2 showed the similar results on the cell viability as miR‐335‐5p overexpression.

Conclusion

Upregulation of miR‐335‐5p expression enhanced the cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells through suppressing BCL2L2, suggesting the potential of miR‐335‐5p/BCL2L2 axis as a therapeutic target for the cisplatin resistance of patients with ovarian cancer.
Hydrogen Bonding and Proton Transfer in Aqueous Toluene Microdroplets Studied by Particle Collision Electrochemistry
Authors: Paul Dilip K. , Meng Kejie , Omanovic Dario , Alvarez Julio C.
Published: July 2018

This report describes hydrogen bonding and protonation in toluene microdroplets (0.4 to 4.0 μm) dispersed in water. Such effects are revealed by studying the two‐electron reduction of tetrachloro‐1,4‐benzoquinone (TCBQ) trapped inside the toluene droplets using particle collision electrochemistry (PCE). This approach allows interrogation of microscopic particles in Brownian motion colliding with an ultramicroelectrode and can provide information when the collision encounter is coupled to an electrochemical event. Upon addition of acids in homogeneous toluene, the half‐wave potential of TCBQ shifts positively (easier reduction), thus implying hydrogen bonding and/or protonation of the reduction product TCBQ2−. The shift is commensurate to the proton donating capacity of each acid, so that, acetic acid (pKa=4.8) displays higher shift than oleic acid (pKa=9.9). However, when the reduction takes place inside toluene droplets, the trend is completely reversed and appears to be driven by preferential partition of acetic acid in water, as opposed to the hydrophobic oleic acid. Furthermore, these effects compete with the underlying binding between TCBQ2− and the tetraalkyl phosphonium cation of the ionic liquid used to enhance the conductivity of toluene. This work aims to illustrate a subtle, yet consequential effect that emerges from micro‐confinement of immiscible phases, as well as the potential of PCE to extract chemical reactivity information at the organic‐water interface.
Forming Ferrocenyl Self‐Assembled Monolayers on Si(100) Electrodes with Different Alkyl Chain Lengths for Electron Transfer Studies
Authors: Ahmad Shahrul A. A. , Ciampi Simone , Parker Stephen G. , Gonçales Vinicius R. , Gooding J. Justin
Published: July 2018

The reaction of hydrogen‐terminated Si(100) with 1,8‐nonadiyne was previously shown to afford robust surfaces where oxidation of the substrate is not evident. Here, the experimental conditions required for reacting hydrogen‐terminated Si(100) with α,ω‐diynes of different lengths is explored via thermal hydrosilylation of 1,6‐heptadiyne, 1,8‐nonadiyne, 1,10‐undecadiyne and 1,15‐hexadecadiyne. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated monolayers were successfully formed with oxide levels below the XPS detection limit for molecules with lengths varying from 7 to 11 carbons. It was observed that the apparent rate of electron transfer (ket) was affected not only by the SAM thickness, but also by hopping between ferrocene moieties where the presence of tiny oxidative defects act as electron transfer hotspots.
Aerobic Aliphatic Hydroxylation Reactions by Copper Complexes: A Simple Clip‐and‐Cleave Concept
Authors: Becker Jonathan , Zhyhadlo Yevheniia Y. , Butova Ekaterina D. , Fokin Andrey A. , Schreiner Peter R. , Förster Moritz , Holthausen Max C. , Specht Pascal , Schindler Siegfried
Published: July 2018

A simple imine clip‐and‐cleave concept has been developed for the selective hydroxylation of non‐activated CH bonds in aliphatic aldehydes with dioxygen through a copper complex. The synthetic protocol involves reaction of a substrate aldehyde with N,N‐diethyl‐ethylendiamine to give the corresponding imine, which is used as a bidentate donor ligand forming a copper(I) complex with [Cu(CH3CN)4][CF3SO3]. After exposure of the reaction mixture to dioxygen acidic cleavage and aqueous workup liberates the corresponding β‐hydroxylated aldehyde. The concept for the hydroxylation of trimethylacetaldehyde as well as adamantane and diamantane 1‐carbaldehydes was investigated and the corresponding β‐hydroxy aldehydes were obtained with high selectivities. The results of low temperature stopped‐flow measurements indicate the formation of a bis(μ‐oxido)dicopper complex as reactive intermediate. According to density functional theory (DFT, RI‐BLYP‐D3/def2‐TZVP(SDD)/ COSMO(CH2Cl2)//RI‐PBE‐D3/def2‐TZVP(SDD)) computations CH bonds suitably predisposed to the [Cu2O2]2+ core undergo hydroxylation in a concerted step with particularly low activation barriers, which explains the experimentally observed regioselectivities.
Characterization of septin expression in normal and fibrotic kidneys
Authors: Neubauer Katharina , Neubauer Bjoern , Seidl Maximilian , Zieger Barbara
Published: July 2018

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the loss of nephrons and worsening organ‐fibrosis that leads to deterioration and ultimately the total breakdown of kidney function. Renal fibrosis has become a major public health problem worldwide and necessitates hemodialysis and kidney transplantation in affected patients. CKD is mainly characterized by the activation and proliferation of interstitial fibroblasts and by excessive synthesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix components, causing the disruption of the normal tissue architecture of the kidney. Septins are GTPase proteins associated with membranes, actin filaments, and microtubules and are undoubtedly crucial for cytoskeleton organization. Although some septins are involved in liver fibrosis, they have not been investigated in the context of renal fibrosis. Here, we show that numerous septins are expressed in the healthy kidney and demonstrate in fibrotic mouse kidneys that various septins are remarkably up‐regulated in the tubulointerstitium compared to contralateral control kidneys. We observed the same findings in human fibrotic kidneys. In both healthy and fibrotic kidneys, septins are coexpressed with extracellular matrix components, reinforcing the structural function of septins as cytoskeletal components. Furthermore, we could show in septin 8‐deficient mice that septin 8 is dispensable for the formation of renal fibrosis, and that no other septin was compensatory changed in kidneys compared to wild‐type mice.
Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy in childhood caused by duplication within the SEPT9 gene: A family study
Authors: Neubauer Katharina , Boeckelmann Doris , Koehler Udo , Kracht Julia , Kirschner Janbernd , Pendziwiat Manuela , Zieger Barbara
Published: July 2018

Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA) is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with episodic, recurrent, and painful neuropathies affecting the nerves of the brachial plexus. In this study, we report on a family of Lebanese descent with HNA onset in early childhood. The affected family members presented with platelet dysfunction. Platelet aggregation was reduced after stimulation with the agonists ADP and epinephrine in all affected family members. Flow cytometric analyses revealed impaired platelet δ‐secretion. The index patient and one brother suffered from kidney cysts. Molecular genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous duplication of exon 2 within the septin 9 (SEPT9) gene in all the affected family members. Such a young child with HNA (aged 2 years) caused by SEPT9 duplication has not been described so far.
Flow Cytometry Analysis of Fungal Ploidy
Authors: Todd Robert T. , Braverman Ann L. , Selmecki Anna
Published: July 2018

Ploidy, the number of sets of homologous chromosomes in a cell, can alter cellular physiology, gene regulation, and the spectrum of acquired mutations. Advances in single‐cell flow cytometry have greatly improved the understanding of how genome size contributes to diverse biological processes including speciation, adaptation, pathogenesis, and tumorigenesis. For example, fungal pathogens can undergo whole genome duplications during infection of the human host and during acquisition of antifungal drug resistance. Quantification of ploidy is dramatically affected by the nucleic acid staining technique and the flow cytometry analysis of single cells. Ploidy in fungi is also impacted by samples that are heterogeneous for both ploidy and morphology, and control strains with known ploidy must be included in every flow cytometry experiment. To detect ploidy changes within fungal strains, the following protocol was developed to accurately and dependably interrogate single‐cell ploidy. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of Rodent Diet Choice and Fiber Type on Data Interpretation of Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Disease Research
Authors: Pellizzon Michael A. , Ricci Matthew R.
Published: July 2018

Poor diet reporting and improperly controlling laboratory animal diet continues to reduce our ability to interpret data effectively in animal studies. In order to make the best use of our resources and improve research transparency, proper reporting methods that include a diet design are essential to improving our understanding of the links between gut health and metabolic disease onset. This unit will focus on the importance of diet choice in laboratory animal studies, specifically as it relates to gut health, microbiome, and metabolic disease development. The two most commonly used diet types, grain‐based (GB) diets, and purified ingredient diets, will each be described, with particular emphasis on their differences in dietary fiber. A further description of how these diet types and fiber can affect gut morphology and microbiota will be provided as well as how purified ingredient diets may be improved upon. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Microstructural and Optoelectronic Properties of SiGe:H Films at the Transition Edge Fabricated by PECVD
Authors: Fan Shanshan , Guo Qiang , Wang Xinzhan , Yu Wei , Fu Guangsheng
Published: July 2018

In this study, hydrogenated silicon–germanium (SiGe:H) films with different hydrogen dilution ratios (Ds) are fabricated by the PECVD technique, and the microstructural and optoelectronic properties of the films are studied using Raman, XRD, FTIR, and photo/dark conductivity spectra. It is shown that, with the increase of D, protocrystalline hydrogenated silicon–germanium (proto‐SiGe:H) appears just below the transition edge, characterized by low void density and high photosensitivity, and nanocrystalline hydrogenated silicon–germanium (nc‐SiGe:H) appears above the transition edge with a low interface phase and a high number of crystalline grains, presenting high photoconductivity. The paracrystalline structural model is used to elucidate the structural and electronic properties of proto‐SiGe:H films. In the Raman spectra, the paracrystalline fraction ƒp, grain boundary fraction ƒGB, and crystalline fraction ƒc are the characteristic parameters of the protocrystalline and nanocrystalline SiGe:H films.
The distributed‐element to lumped‐element equivalence for transmission‐line filter synthesis
Authors: Xiao Fei
Published: July 2018

Filters play an important role in frequency selection. However, to design transmission‐line filters such as microstrip filters is a very challenging task because of their distributed‐element effect. In this paper, the concept of the distributed‐element to lumped‐element equivalence is applied in the design of microstrip filters. The lumped‐element equivalent networks of some basic microstrip structures are presented and are applied to derive the whole lumped‐element equivalent networks of microstrip filters constituted by them. Then, the physical mechanism of microstrip filters is revealed, ie, how the resonances are created and coupled and how the transmission zeros are formed. The distributed‐element to lumped‐element equivalence relations between the electrical parameters of microstrip filters and the element values of their lumped‐element equivalent networks are derived. Through comparison between the lumped‐element equivalent networks of microstrip filters and those obtained by direct synthesis technique we recently proposed, initial structural parameters of microstrip filters can be calculated, which greatly simplifies their design. To verify it, several microstrip filter examples are presented for demonstration.
A novel relay selection algorithm using ant colony optimization with artificial noise for secrecy enhancement in cooperative networks
Authors: Shemi P.M. , Jibukumar M.G. , Sabu M.K.
Published: July 2018

Cooperative communication is one of the fastest growing research areas of today. It can efficiently mitigate the effect of shadowing and fading with the help of relays and proper relay selection technique. In this paper, a novel relay selection scheme combined with artificial noise (AN) is devised to enhance the secrecy of cooperative networks with amplify‐and‐forward scheme, over Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. The probability of path selection of ant colony optimization algorithm is used for selecting the best relay with high end‐to‐end signal‐to‐noise ratio. The probability of choosing a path depends on the significance of channel gain (G) and fading coefficients (h). The proposed algorithm finds the best relay in the following wireless scenarios: when (i) both channel gain and fading coefficients are significant; (ii) only fading coefficients are significant; and (iii) only channel gain is significant. Because the direct links between source and destination and source and eavesdropper are considered, AN along with the information is sent by both the source and the selected relay. The performance is evaluated based on secrecy rate (Rs); for the relays randomly placed between the source and destination and for different eavesdropper's location. The results show that the proposed relay selection scheme achieves better secrecy for different wireless scenarios compared with traditional schemes. With the help of AN, the secrecy rate can be made positive even when the eavesdropper lies near to source.
The off‐grid frequency selective millimeter wave channel estimation
Authors: Shakhsi Dastgahian Majid , Tehrani Mohammad Naseri , Khoshbin Hosein
Published: July 2018

Broadband millimeter wave (mmW) systems are a promising pioneer of cellular communication for next generation which is utilizing the hybrid baseband/analog beamforming structures along with the miniature massive antenna arrays at both sides of the communication link. mmW channel with an available unlicensed spread spectrum is frequency selective because the signal bandwidth can be larger than the coherence bandwidth. Due to the sparse nature of mmW channel, extracting compressive sensing model of the system is preferable. In fact, exploiting the sparse structure will lead to the reduction of the computational complexity, because there is a reduction in the channel training length compared with the conventional methods such as least square estimation. Most of the prior works have considered on‐grid quantized departure/arrival angles in the input/output antennas to obtain a sparse virtual channel model. However, the sparse angles in the physical channel model are continuous where this continuity indicates a mismatch between the physical angles and the on‐grid angles. Such a mismatch will contribute to unwanted components in the virtual channel model. Given these extra components, the conventional compressive sensing tools are unable to recover the channel. In this paper, we propose two solutions for overcoming the problem caused by off‐grid angle selection. The first is based on the vector shaping, and the second one is based on the sparse total least square concepts. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods both could obtain an adequate channel recovery and are preferable regarding computational complexity concerning the newly developed surrogate method.
Chromatolysis: Do injured axons regenerate poorly when ribonucleases attack rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and RNA?
Authors: Moon Lawrence David Falcon
Published: July 2018

After axonal injury, chromatolysis (fragmentation of Nissl substance) can occur in the soma. Electron microscopy shows that chromatolysis involves fission of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In CNS neurons (which do not regenerate axons back to their original targets) or in motor neurons or dorsal root ganglion neurons denied axon regeneration (e.g., by transection and ligation), chromatolysis is often accompanied by degranulation (loss of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum), disaggregation of polyribosomes and degradation of monoribosomes into dust‐like particles. Ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum may also be degraded in autophagic vacuoles by ribophagy and reticulophagy, respectively. In other words, chromatolysis is disruption of parts of the protein synthesis infrastructure. Whereas some neurons may show transient or no chromatolysis, severely injured neurons can remain chromatolytic and never again synthesize normal levels of protein; some may atrophy or die. Ribonuclease(s) might cause the following features of chromatolysis: fragmentation and degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, disaggregation of polyribosomes and degradation of monoribosomes. For example, ribonucleases in the EndoU/PP11 family can modify rough endoplasmic reticulum; many ribonucleases can degrade mRNA causing polyribosomes to unchain and disperse, and they can disassemble monoribosomes; Ribonuclease 5 can control rRNA synthesis and degrade tRNA; Ribonuclease T2 can degrade ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and RNA within autophagic vacuoles; and Ribonuclease IRE1α acts as a stress sensor within the endoplasmic reticulum. Regeneration might be improved after axonal injury by protecting the protein synthesis machinery from catabolism; targeting ribonucleases using inhibitors can enhance neurite outgrowth and could be a profitable strategy in vivo. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2018
The (Implicit) Dogmas of Business Rescue Culture
Authors: Verdoes Tim , Verweij Anthon
Published: July 2018

In this article, we challenge the (implicit) dogmas of the current trend towards a business rescue culture within Europe. It is unclear why this trend – as a logical consequence of the desire to create increasingly debtor friendly insolvency regimes – keeps revealing and reinforcing itself in this time frame. Many different approaches take this concept for granted. The idea thus risks becoming an end in itself. The assumptions behind the current trend of business rescue culture should reflect the stylized facts of a firm embedded in its business ecology. An implicit dogma of current business rescue culture is that a firm is an entity that must survive and will create value indefinitely and, accordingly, deserves a second chance. However, the ability to create value and therefore the viability of a firm are the outcome of an uncertain economic process. Capitalism is a process of trial and error. Failure is a normal outcome and should be considered an essential part of capitalism. In general, the life span of firms is finite because they have to cope with many uncertainties and trade‐offs. The firm itself is only a tiny temporary (legal) shell within a self‐organized value chain that continuously reallocates resources as competition intensifies and the rate of innovation accelerates. The implicit assumptions or dogmas of the current business rescue culture contradict the accelerating destructive forces of capitalism and therefore can be labelled as an anachronism. Instead of focusing on the specific micro‐level of the firm, insolvency regimes should aim to provide a solution at the higher meso‐level. Copyright © 2018 The Authors International Insolvency Review published by INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorination‐controlled Aggregation and Intermolecular Interactions in Pt(II) Complexes with Tetradentate Luminophores
Authors: Wilde Sebastian , González‐Abradelo Darío , Daniliuc Constantin‐Gabriel , Böckmann Marcus , Doltsinis Nikos L. , Strassert Cristian A.
Published: July 2018

In this work we describe the synthesis and DFT‐supported photophysical characterization of a series of Pt(II) complexes bearing tetradentate luminophores with increasing degree of fluorination. Aggregation into crystalline phases leads to substitution‐dependent arrangements that in all cases hinder intermetallic coupling, as intermolecular interactions are dominated by hydrogen bonding and π‐stacking. In amorphous matrices, on the other hand, we observed that an increasing level of fluorination favors the tendency towards Pt−Pt interaction upon aggregation, leading to a red‐shifted phosphorescence, if compared with monomeric species in dilute solutions and crystalline solids.
Investor sentiment and industry returns
Authors: Molchanov Alexander , Stangl Jeffrey
Published: July 2018

This paper investigates the interaction between investor sentiment and industry performance. Investor sentiment has a widespread and systematic effect on performance, and predicts short‐term mispricing at industry level. Predictable long‐term reversals are weaker. We find limited evidence of cross‐sectional industry differences. Moreover, there is no relationship between investor sentiment and industry characteristics that proxy valuation uncertainty. Results generally show that investor sentiment has a market‐wide effect, questioning merit of industry timing strategy based on sentiment.
A test of general asymmetric dependence
Authors: Jiang Lei , Maasoumi Esfandiar , Pan Jiening , Wu Ke
Published: July 2018

We propose a modified mutual information measure to capture general asymmetric dependence between two random variables. Based on this measure, we propose a test of asymmetric dependence and examine its finite‐sample performance. We show that our test has better power than competing tests with alternative dependence measures. Using the new test, we find significant asymmetric dependence in returns of commonly used stock portfolios and the market return both in the US and other developed countries. Further, the dependence between developed country markets and the US market is stronger when both markets are in a downturn.
An updated weight of evidence approach for deriving a health‐based guidance value for 4‐nonylphenol
Authors: Li Xiaomeng , Huo Jiao , Liu Zhaoping , Yue Qianlan , Zhang Lishi , Gong Yunyun , Chen Jinyao , Bao Huihui
Published: July 2018

4‐Nonylphenol (NP) is a persistent estrogen‐active compound. Human exposure to NP is primarily through water and food. Although risk assessments of NP have been conducted by the European Union and a few other countries, only the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, in 2000, proposed a tolerable daily intake of 0.005 mg kg−1 body weight (bw) day−1. New data have been accumulated since then, prompting an update on the risk assessment of NP. A weight of evidence approach is recommended for use in scientific assessments by several agencies, e.g., European Food Safety Authority, etc. Based on the results of a weight of evidence approach, two methods were used to derive the health‐based guidance value (HBGV) for NP in this study, namely a no observed adverse effects level/lowest observable adverse effect level method, and a benchmark dose method. Considering the considerable uncertainty of benchmark dose model fitting of the available data, a tolerable daily intake value of 0.025 mg kg−1 bw day−1 was derived as a provisional HBGV for NP based on the lowest observable adverse effect level value of 15 mg kg−1 bw day−1 of the renal toxicity in rats, together with the uncertainty factor of 600. However, the HBGV of NP still needs further investigation.
Reversible cholinesterase inhibitors as pretreatment for exposure to organophosphates. A review
Authors: Lorke Dietrich E. , Petroianu Georg A.
Published: July 2018

Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs), inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), are useful agents as pesticides, but also represent a serious health hazard. Standard therapy with atropine and established oxime‐type enzyme reactivators (pralidoxime, obidoxime) is unsatisfactory. Better therapeutic results are obtained, when reversible AChE inhibitors are administered before OPC exposure. This review summarizes the history of such a pretreatment approach and sums up a set of experiments undertaken in search of compounds that are efficacious when given before a broad range of OPCs. The prophylactic efficacy of 10 known AChE inhibitors, either already used clinically for different indications (physostigmine, pyridostigmine, ranitidine, tiapride, tacrine, amiloride, metoclopramide, methylene blue) or developed for possible therapeutic use in the future (7‐methoxytacrine, K‐27) was compared, when administered before exposure to six chemically diverse OPCs in the same experimental setting: ethyl‐paraoxon, methyl‐paraoxon, diisopropylfluorophosphate, terbufos sulfone, azinphos‐methyl and dicrotophos. The experimental oxime K‐27 was the most efficacious compound, affording best protection, when administered before terbufos sulfone, azinphos‐methyl and dicrotophos, second best before ethyl‐ and methyl‐paraoxon exposure and third best before diisopropylfluorophosphate administration. This ranking was similar to that of physostigmine, which was superior to the Food and Drug Administration‐approved pretreatment for soman with pyridostigmine. Tiapride, amiloride, metoclopramide, methylene blue and 7‐methoxytacrine did not achieve protection. No correlation was observed between the IC50 of the reversible AChE inhibitors and their protective efficacy. These studies indicate that K‐27 can be considered a very promising broad‐spectrum prophylactic agent in case of imminent organophosphate exposure, which may be related to its AChE reactivating activity rather than its AChE inhibition.
Six‐Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate‐1 (STEAP‐1)–Targeted Ultrasound Imaging Microbubble Improves Detection of Prostate Cancer In Vivo
Authors: Yuan Yun , Liu Ying , Zhu Xiang‐Ming , Hu Jing , Zhao Chen‐Yang , Jiang Feng
Published: July 2018

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of the 6‐transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate‐1 (STEAP‐1)–targeted microbubbles for enhancing ultrasound imaging of prostate tumors in the nude mouse xenograft models.

Methods

Contrast agents were established by conjugating biotinylated STEAP‐1 monoclonal antibodies with streptavidin coated SonoVue microbubbles. Then, ordinary SonoVue (Bracco, Milan, Italy) microbubble and STEAP‐1–targeted SonoVue microbubble were used, respectively, for contrast‐enhanced sonography to detect prostate tumors in the nude mouse xenograft models. The characteristics, including peak intensity, time to peak, area under the curve, and mean transit time, were measured.

Results

The biological characteristics of STEAP‐1–targeted SonoVue microbubbles were stable. STEAP‐1–targeted SonoVue microbubbles can successfully conjugate to prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. Enhancement of ultrasound signal intensity was determined after injection of STEAP‐1–targeted SonoVue microbubble, compared with ordinary SonoVue microbubble. Higher intensities of ultrasound signals in xenograft tumor of prostate cancer were associated with increased levels of STEAP‐1 expression.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that SonoVue microbubble carrying STEAP‐1 monoclonal antibody could improve the ultrasound visualization of prostate cancer and identify the tumor more effectively in vivo. A prospective study is required to validate our finding in patients with prostate cancer.