bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topological Recursion and Uncoupled BPS Structures II: Voros Symbols and the $$\tau $$-Function
Authors: Iwaki Kohei , Kidwai Omar
Published: March 2023

We continue our study of the correspondence between BPS structures and topological recursion in the uncoupled case, this time from the viewpoint of quantum curves. For spectral curves of hypergeometric type, we show the Borel-resummed Voros symbols of the corresponding quantum curves solve Bridgeland’s “BPS Riemann–Hilbert problem”. In particular, they satisfy the required jump property in agreement with the generalized definition of BPS indices$$\Omega $$Ωin our previous work. Furthermore, we observe the Voros coefficients define a closed one-form on the parameter space, and show that (log of) Bridgeland’s$$\tau $$τ-function encoding the solution is none other than the corresponding potential, up to a constant. When the quantization parameter is set to a special value, this agrees with the Borel sum of the topological recursion partition function$$Z_\textrm{TR}$$ZTR, up to a simple factor.
The (in)effectiveness of anticipatory vibrotactile cues in mitigating motion sickness
Authors: Reuten A. J. C. , Smeets J. B. J. , Rausch J. , Martens M. H. , Schmidt E. A. , Bos J. E.
Published: March 2023

The introduction of (fully) automated vehicles has generated a re-interest in motion sickness, given that passengers suffer much more from motion sickness compared to car drivers. A suggested solution is to improve the anticipation of passive self-motion via cues that alert passengers of changes in the upcoming motion trajectory. We already know that auditory or visual cues can mitigate motion sickness. In this study, we used anticipatory vibrotactile cues that do not interfere with the (audio)visual tasks passengers may want to perform. We wanted to investigate (1) whether anticipatory vibrotactile cues mitigate motion sickness, and (2) whether the timing of the cue is of influence. We therefore exposed participants to four sessions on a linear sled with displacements unpredictable in motion onset. In three sessions, an anticipatory cue was presented 0.33, 1, or 3 s prior to the onset of forward motion. Using a new pre-registered measure, we quantified the reduction in motion sickness across multiple sickness scores in these sessions relative to a control session. Under the chosen experimental conditions, our results did not show a significant mitigation of motion sickness by the anticipatory vibrotactile cues, irrespective of their timing. Participants yet indicated that the cues were helpful. Considering that motion sickness is influenced by the unpredictability of displacements, vibrotactile cues may mitigate sickness when motions have more (unpredictable) variability than those studied here.
Bone Tissue Evaluation Indicates Abnormal Mineralization in Patients with Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type I: Report on Three Cases
Authors: Laakso Saila , Xiaoyu Tong , Blouin Stéphane , Keplinger Petra , Välimäki Ville-Valtteri , Kröger Heikki , Mäkitie Outi , Hartmann Markus A.
Published: March 2023

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1 (APS1) is characterized by autoimmune manifestations affecting different organs from early childhood on. Immunological abnormalities, the resulting endocrinopathies, and their treatments may compromise bone health. For the first time in APS1, we analyzed transiliac bone biopsy samples by bone histomorphometry and quantitative backscattered electron imaging in three adult patients (female P1, 38 years; male P2, 47 years; male P3, 25 years). All had biallelic mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene and in addition to endocrinopathies, also significant bone fragility. Histomorphometry showed bone volume in the lower normal range for P1 (BV/TV, − 0.98 SD) and P3 (− 1.34 SD), mainly due to reduced trabecular thickness (TbTh, − 3.63 and − 2.87 SD). In P1, osteoid surface was low (OS/BS, − 0.96 SD); active osteoblasts and double labeling were seen only on cortical bone. P3 showed a largely increased bone turnover rate (BFR/BV, + 4.53 SD) and increased mineralization lag time (Mlt, + 3.40 SD). Increased osteoid surface (OS/BS, + 2.03 and + 4.71 SD for P2 and P3) together with a large proportion of lowly mineralized bone area (Trab CaLow, + 2.22 and + 9.81 SD for P2 and P3) and focal mineralization defects were consistent with abnormal mineralization. In all patients, the density and area of osteocyte lacunae in cortical and trabecular bone were similar to healthy adults. The bone tissue characteristics were variable and included decreased trabecular thickness, increased amount of osteoid, and abnormal mineralization which are likely to contribute to bone fragility in patients with APS1.
Postoperative computed tomography imaging of pediatric patients with craniosynostosis: radiation dose and image quality comparison between multi-slice computed tomography and O-arm cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Kaasalainen Touko , Männistö Ville , Mäkelä Teemu , Suojanen Juho , Nuorala Antton , Heliövaara Arja , Leikola Junnu
Published: March 2023

Background

When postoperative multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) imaging of patients with craniosynostosis is used, it is usually performed a few days after surgery in a radiology department. This requires additional anesthesia for the patient. Recently, intraoperative mobile cone-beam CT (CBCT) devices have gained popularity for orthopedic and neurosurgical procedures, which allows postoperative CT imaging in the operating room.

Objective

This single-center retrospective study compared radiation dose and image quality of postoperative imaging performed using conventional MSCT scanners and O-arm CBCT.

Materials and methods

A total of 104 pediatric syndromic and non-syndromic patients who were operated on because of single- or multiple-suture craniosynostosis were included in this study. The mean volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) values of optimized craniosynostosis CT examinations (58 MSCT and 46 CBCT) were compared. Two surgeons evaluated the subjective image quality.

Results

CBCT resulted in significantly lower CTDIvol (up to 14%) and DLP (up to 33%) compared to MSCT. Multi-slice CT image quality was considered superior to CBCT scans. However, all scans were considered to be of sufficient quality for diagnosis.

Conclusion

The O-arm device allowed for an immediate postoperative CBCT examination in the operating theater using the same anesthesia induction. Radiation exposure was lower in CBCT compared to MSCT scans, thus further encouraging the use of O-arms. Cone-beam CT imaging with an O-arm is a feasible method for postoperative craniosynostosis imaging, yielding less anesthesia to patients, lower health costs and the possibility to immediately evaluate results of the surgical operation.
Lateral Route Endoscopic Thyroidectomy with gas Insufflation: Proposed Critical View of Safety
Authors: Elzahaby Islam A. , Hamdy Mohamed , Abdallah Ahmed
Published: March 2023

Background

The extra‐cervical lateral route endoscopic thyroidectomy (LRET) approaches such as the trans‐axillary, breast and axillo‐breast approaches are proved to be safe, feasible, esthetic, highly effective. The inherent difficulty and long learning curve of these techniques prevents its widespread application.

Methods

Benefiting from the experience of more than 5 years in LRET approaches with CO2 insufflation, the authors developed ten surgical key steps and a critical view of safety (CVS) for performing thyroid lobectomy via LRET approaches. A detailed description and a video of the surgical technique is provided.

Results

Application of these structured key steps and CVS was feasible and effective in achieving thyroid lobectomy in all selected cases with unilateral goiter up to 8 cm, even in cases with thyroiditis or controlled toxic adenoma, without any adverse events and with shorter operative time than the non‐structured surgical technique.

Conclusion

The described ten key steps and CVS are conclusive, applicable, easy to learn. Our video could act as a guide for promoting the standardized, safe, and wide application of LRET techniques.
Axial superior facet slope may determine anterior or posterior atlantoaxial displacement secondary to os odontoideum and compensatory mechanisms of the atlantooccipital joint and subaxial cervical spine
Authors: Chen Yan , Du Han , Cheng Xiaofei , Zhao Jie , Qiao Han , Zhao Changqing
Published: March 2023

Objective

To introduce novel parameters in determining directions of os odontoideum (OO) with atlantoaxial displacement (AAD) and compensations of cervical sagittal alignment after displacement.

Methods

Analysis was performed on 96 cases receiving surgeries for upper cervical myelopathy caused by OO with AAD from 2011 to 2021. Twenty-four patients were included in the OO group and divided into the OO-anterior displacement (AD) group and the OO-posterior displacement (PD) group by displacement. Seventy-two patients were included as the control (Ctrl) group and divided into Ctrl-positive (Ctrl-P) group and Ctrl-negative (Ctrl-N) group by axial superior facet slope (ASFS) in a neutral position. ASFS, the sum of C2 slope (C2S) and axial superior facet endplate angle (ASFEA), was measured and calculated by combining cervical supine CT with standing X-ray. Cervical sagittal parameters were measured to analyse the atlantoaxial facet and compensations after AAD.

Results

Atlas inferior facet angle (AIFA), ASFS, and ASFEA in Ctrl-P significantly differed from OO-AD.C0-C1, C1-C2, C0-C2, C2-C7, C2-C7 SVA, and C2S in Ctrl-P significant differed from the OO-AD group. C2-C7 SVA and C2S in Ctrl-N significantly were smaller than the OO-PD group. C1-C2 correlated with C0-C1 and C2-C7 negatively in the OO group. Slight kyphosis of C1-C2 in OO-AD was compared with lordosis of C1-C2 in Ctrl-P, inducing increased extension of C0-C1 and C2-C7. Mildly increased lordosis of C1-C2 in OO-PD was compared with C1-C2 in Ctrl-N, triggering augmented flexion of C0-C1 and C2-C7.

Conclusion

ASFS was vital in determining directions of OO with AAD and explaining compensations. ASFS and ASFEA could provide pre- and intraoperative guidelines.

Key Points

• ASFS may determine the directions and compensatory mechanisms of AAD secondary to OO.

• ASFS could be achieved by the sum of ASFEA and C2S.
Avocado consumption and markers of inflammation: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Cheng Feon W. , Ford Nikki A. , Wood Alexis C. , Tracy Russell
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Since avocado consumption has been linked to a possible reduction in inflammation, we investigated associations between avocado consumption and markers of inflammation in a population-based multi-ethnic cohort [Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)].

Methods

We used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at MESA exam 1 to capture avocado/guacamole consumption. To calculate daily servings of avocado/guacamole, we used both frequency and serving size data from the FFQ. We classified participants into three consumer groups: rare or never (daily serving ≤ 0.03), medium (0.03 < daily serving < 0.1), and heavy (0.1 ≤ daily serving). Inflammation was estimated by natural log-transformed inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-2, IL-6, homocysteine, fibrinogen, TNF-a soluble receptors). We used multivariate general linear regression models to assess associations accounting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational level, income, energy intake, smoking status, physical activity, diet quality, body mass index, and diabetes type.

Results

Among 5794 MESA participants, the average age and BMI were 62.25 y ± 10.26 and 28.28 ± 5.41 kg/m2, respectively, and 48% of the sample were men. Participants self-reported as Hispanic (22.30%), Caucasian (39.92%), African-American (25.39%), and Chinese (12.39%). Over 60% had higher than a high school education and 40% made $50,000 or more a year. Regarding avocado/guacamole consumption, 79% were categorized as rare or never, 12% as medium, and 9% as heavy. When adjusted for relevant confounders, there were no significant differences among the three consumer groups for any inflammatory marker.

Conclusion

In this cross-sectional study, we did not find that consumption of avocado/guacamole was associated with levels of inflammatory markers.
A cardiologist’s guide to machine learning in cardiovascular disease prognosis prediction
Authors: Kresoja Karl-Patrik , Unterhuber Matthias , Wachter Rolf , Thiele Holger , Lurz Philipp
Published: March 2023

A modern-day physician is faced with a vast abundance of clinical and scientific data, by far surpassing the capabilities of the human mind. Until the last decade, advances in data availability have not been accompanied by analytical approaches. The advent of machine learning (ML) algorithms might improve the interpretation of complex data and should help to translate the near endless amount of data into clinical decision-making. ML has become part of our everyday practice and might even further change modern-day medicine. It is important to acknowledge the role of ML in prognosis prediction of cardiovascular disease. The present review aims on preparing the modern physician and researcher for the challenges that ML might bring, explaining basic concepts but also caveats that might arise when using these methods. Further, a brief overview of current established classical and emerging concepts of ML disease prediction in the fields of omics, imaging and basic science is presented.
COVID19-associated new-onset movement disorders: a follow-up study
Authors: Schneider Susanne A. , Desai Soaham , Phokaewvarangkul Onanong , Rosca Elena Cecilia , Sringean Jirada , Anand Pria , Bravo Gary Álvarez , Cardoso Francisco , Cervantes-Arslanian Anna M. , Chovatiya Harshad , Crosiers David , Dijkstra Femke , Fearon Conor , Grandas Francisco , Guedj Eric , Méndez-Guerrero Antonio , Hassan Muhammad , Jankovic Joseph , Lang Anthony E. , Makhoul Karim , Muccioli Lorenzo , O’Shea Sarah A. , Ostovan Vahid Reza , Perez-Sanchez Javier Ricardo , Ramdhani Ritesh , Ros-Castelló Victoria , Schulte Christina , Shah Priyank , Wojtecki Lars , Pal Pramod Kumar
Published: March 2023

Background

Neurological symptoms are common manifestation in acute COVID-19. This includes hyper- and hypokinetic movement disorders. Data on their outcome, however, is limited.

Methods

Cases with new-onset COVID-19-associated movement disorders were identified by searching the literature. Authors were contacted for outcome data which were reviewed and analyzed.

Results

Movement disorders began 12.6 days on average after the initial onset of COVID-19. 92% of patients required hospital admission (mean duration 23 days). In a fraction of patients (6 of 27; 22%; 4 males/2 females, mean age 66.8 years) the movement disorder (ataxia, myoclonus, tremor, parkinsonism) was still present after a follow-up period of 7.5 ± 3 weeks. Severe COVID-19 in general and development of encephalopathy were risk factors, albeit not strong predictors, for the persistence.

Conclusions

The prognosis of new-onset COVID-19-associated movement disorder appears to be generally good. The majority recovered without residual symptoms within several weeks or months. Permanent cases may be due to unmasking of a previous subclinical movement disorder or due to vascular/demyelinating damage. Given the relatively low response rate of one third only and the heterogeneity of mechanisms firm conclusions on the (long-term) outome cannot, however, be drawn.
Novel mutation in LRP5 gene cause rare osteosclerosis: cases studies and literature review
Authors: Zhao Dichen , Sun Lei , Zheng Wenbin , Hu Jing , Zhou Bingna , Wang Ou , Jiang Yan , Xia Weibo , Xing Xiaoping , Li Mei
Published: March 2023

To study the effects of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene mutations on bone, and to open up our view of LRP5 and Wnt pathways on bone mass regulation. Three patients with increased bone mineral density or thickened bone cortex were included, who were 30-year-old, 22-year-old and 50-year-old men, respectively. The latter two patients were son and father of a same family. The characteristics of bone X-rays were evaluated in detail. Bone turnover markers were detected, such as procollagen type 1 amino-terminal peptide (P1NP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and type 1 collagen carboxyl terminal peptide (β-CTX). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine and proximal femur of the patients. The targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used to detect pathogenic gene mutations, which were further verified by Sanger sequencing. Moreover, the gene mutation spectrum and phenotypic characteristics of reported patients with LRP5 gain-of-function mutations were summarized by reviewing the literature. The main characteristics of the first patient were headache, facial paralysis, high BMD (lumbar vertebrae 1–4: 1.877 g/cm2, Z-score: 5.8; total hip: 1.705 g/cm2, Z-score: 5.7), slightly increased P1NP (87.0 ng/mL) and β-CTX (0.761 ng/mL) level, and with thickened bone cortex, especially the cranial vault. The latter two patients showed enlargement of the mandible and enlarged osseous prominence of the tours palatinus. X-rays showed that the bone cortex of skull and long bones were thickened. The bone turnover markers and BMD were normal. All three cases carried novel missense mutations in LRP5 gene, which were mutation in exon 3 (c.586 T > G, p.Trp196Gly) of the first patient, and mutation in exon 20 (c.4240C > A, p.Arg1414Ser) of the latter two patients. Combined with the reported literature, a total of 19 gain-of-function mutations in LRP5 were detected in 113 patients from 33 families. Hotspot mutations included c.724G > A, c.512G > T and c.758C > T. Furthermore, mutations in the exon 3 of LRP5 may cause severe phenotypes. LRP5 gain-of-function mutations can lead to rare autosomal dominant osteosclerosis type Ι (ADO Ι), which was characterized by increased bone mass and thickened bone cortex. In-depth research on the Wnt pathway will be benefit for discovering important mechanisms of bone mass regulation.
Effects of land-use change and disturbance on the fine root biomass, dynamics, morphology, and related C and N fluxes to the soil of forest ecosystems at different elevations at Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania)
Authors: Cornejo Natalia Sierra , Becker Joscha N. , Hemp Andreas , Hertel Dietrich
Published: March 2023

Tropical forests are threatened by anthropogenic activities such as conversion into agricultural land, logging and fires. Land-use change and disturbance affect ecosystems not only aboveground, but also belowground including the ecosystems' carbon and nitrogen cycle. We studied the impact of different types of land-use change (intensive and traditional agroforestry, logging) and disturbance by fire on fine root biomass, dynamics, morphology, and related C and N fluxes to the soil via fine root litter across different ecosystems at different elevational zones at Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania). We found a decrease in fine root biomass (80–90%), production (50%), and C and N fluxes to the soil via fine root litter (60–80%) at all elevation zones. The traditional agroforestry 'Chagga homegardens' (lower montane zone) showed enhanced fine root turnover rates, higher values of acquisitive root morphological traits, but similar stand fine root production, C and N fluxes compared to the natural forest. The decrease of C and N fluxes with forest disturbance was particularly strong at the upper montane zone (60 and 80% decrease, respectively), where several patches of Podocarpus forest had been disturbed by fire in the previous years. We conclude that changes on species composition, stand structure and land management practices resulting from land-use change and disturbance have a strong impact on the fine root system, modifying fine root biomass, production and the C and N supply to the soil from fine root litter, which strongly affects the ecosystems' C and N cycle in those East African tropical forest ecosystems.
Trojan technology in the living room?
Authors: Sonnauer Franziska , Frewer Andreas
Published: March 2023

Definition of the problem

Assistive technologies, including “smart” instruments and artificial intelligence (AI), are increasingly arriving in older adults’ living spaces. Various research has explored risks (“surveillance technology”) and potentials (“independent living”) to people’s self-determination from technology itself and from the increasing complexity of sociotechnical interactions. However, the point at which self-determination of the individual is overridden by external influences has not yet been sufficiently studied. This article aims to shed light on this point of transition and its implications.

Arguments

The identification of this “tipping point” could contribute to analysis of familiar issues of conflict between the ethical principles of beneficence and respect for autonomy. When using technology in the living spaces of older adults, relationships, among other factors, may play a crucial role in older adult’s self-determination. We find the tipping point to occur subjectively and variably. To this end, the article combines theoretical ethical considerations with two examples from a qualitative study illustrating the perspective of older adults aged 65–85 years.

Conclusion

The study of the tipping point underscores the importance of perceiving an older person’s perspective. Particularly at the tipping point, this might be the only way to effectively identify whether the individual concerned perceives their self-determination as externally overridden. In conceptualizing the tipping point itself as well as its variability, we might create the basis for a normative call to shift the tipping point to promote self-determination and prevent overriding the will of older adults. We highlight individual, relational, and societal implications of our findings.
Chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy in cancer care—the patient perspective
Authors: Prager K. , Passig K. , Micke O. , Zomorodbakhsch B. , Keinki C. , Hübner J.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Chemotherapy-related polyneuropathy (CIPN) is a very common, often dose-limiting side effect that affects the patients’ quality of life. Treatment usually consists of a combination of medicinal, medical, and individualized treatment approaches, although the effectiveness of these therapies is insufficient for many patients. The aim of this article is to review and evaluate the impact of CIPN on patients’ daily lives and possible effective treatment approaches.

Methods

A standardized questionnaire was developed based on ten anonymous telephone interviews with CIPN patients. The content of the questionnaire was divided into 5 categories: demographics, clinical presentation, everyday symptoms, treatment of CIPN symptoms, and medical care. Mostly closed questions were used but multiple choice and individual additions by free text answers were possible.

Results

CIPN limits patients’ quality of life over a long period of time. In addition to diurnal and situational fluctuations, the emotional burden negatively affects patients’ daily lives in many ways. From the patients’ point of view, the individually implemented therapy measures were most effective in treating their complaints. But even the combination of different therapy methods insufficiently alleviates the symptoms of the patients.

Conclusion

It is important and necessary to comprehensively inform patients about CIPN as a possible side effect, to point out prevention strategies, and to critically examine and evaluate different therapy approaches. In this way, misunderstandings of the doctor-patient relationship can be avoided. In addition, patient satisfaction and quality of life can be increased in the long term.
Referencing behaviours across disciplines: publication types and common metadata for defining bibliographic references
Authors: dos Santos Erika Alves , Peroni Silvio , Mucheroni Marcos Luiz
Published: March 2023

In this work, we investigate existing citation practices by analysing a huge set of articles published in journals to measure which metadata are used across the various scholarly disciplines, independently from the particular citation style adopted, for defining bibliographic reference. We selected the most cited journals in each of the 27 subject areas listed in the SCImago Journal Rank in the 2015–2017 triennium according to the SCImago total cites ranking. Each journal in the sample was represented by five articles (in PDF format) published in the most recent issue published in October 2019, for a total of 729 articles. We extracted all 34,140 bibliographic references in the bibliographic references lists of these articles. Finally, we detected the types of cited works in each discipline and the structure of bibliographic references and in-text reference pointers for each type of cited work. By analysing the data gathered, we observed that the bibliographic references in our sample referenced 36 different types of cited works. Such a considerable variety of publications revealed the existence of particular citing behaviours in scientific articles that varied from subject area to subject area.
Application of airborne laser scanning and electrical resistivity tomography in the study of an active landslide and geology of the cliff, Jastrzębia Góra, Poland
Authors: Kamiński Mirosław , Zientara Piotr , Krawczyk Mirosław
Published: March 2023

The cliff in Jastrzębia Góra is one of the most an active landslide areas along the Polish Baltic coast. The aim of these studies was to determine the dynamics of displacements in an active landslide and to identify the geology of the cliff. Two methods, ALS (Airborne Laser Scanning) and ERT (Electrical Resistivity Tomography), were used for this purpose. Multitemporal ALS data were used to determine the geomorphological changes within the cliff and find the causes of the rapid rate of cliff edge landslides. ALS differential models were the sources of new information about the dynamics of vertical displacement in the landslide and helped calculate the volume of displaced rock masses that occurred over 12 years. The cliff was found to become significantly an active in 2010. This process was observed by analysing the relief of multitemporal digital elevation models, differential models, AND morphological sections and by conducting long-term field observations. The ERT surveys made it possible to generate two 3D ERT electrical resistivity models that provided much new information about the geological structure of the cliff. Additionally, a 2D ERT profile was made through the landslide. The internal structure of the landslide was recognized, and the depth of the slip surface was estimated. The results permitted clarifying the cause of the high landslide activity and the rapid rate of retreat of the cliff edge over the past 12 years. In addition, by means of the results of electrical resistivity surveys and the use of archival boreholes, it was possible to extrapolate a model of the surface relief of the clay hill using geostatistical methods. It was found that at the boundary with the active landslide—the top of the clay layer—is tilted towards the north, i.e. towards the sea, which favours the activation of the landslide. The proposed research methodology, as well as the obtained information, may be of significant assistance in further diagnosis and prognosis of the dynamics of landslide development and the causes of landslide formation within cliff coasts.
Three-dimensional ionospheric tomography based on compressed sensing
Authors: Zhao Jiaqi , Tang Qiong , Zhou Chen , Zhao Zhengyu , Wei Fengsi
Published: March 2023

The insufficient number of low-elevation observations is a limitation of the three-dimensional ionospheric computer tomography (CT) based on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). To solve this problem, accurate prior information on the regional ionosphere must be obtained. However, it is difficult to explicitly and accurately express prior ionospheric information. This study uses compressed sensing (CS) for ionospheric tomography for the first time. Specifically, the electron density obtained from the international reference ionosphere is used to build a dictionary to fully integrate the prior information into the dictionary. Then, the electron density is reconstructed by using the compressive sampling matching pursuit method. Subsequently, the GNSS data of China (Region I) and Europe (Region II) were utilized to validate this proposed method, and the results are compared with ionosonde observations. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the difference with respect to the ionosonde result are 41 and 22 km, respectively. The mean and SD of relative deviation were 16% and 9%, respectively. In Region II, the mean and SD of the deviation between the reversed peak electron density and the result of the ionosonde were 1.9 × 1010 m−3 and 8.1 × 1010 m−3, respectively. The mean and SD of the relative deviation were 3% and 13%, respectively. The mean and SD of the peak height deviation were 33 and 19 km, and the mean and SD of the relative deviation were 11% and 7%. The electron density distribution and variation in these two regions showed a local time dependence, and the horizontal gradient of the electron density in the latitude was greater than that in the longitude. Moreover, CT by CS is efficient, taking about 6 s per inversion based on an desktop computer with 16 GB RAM and Intel (R) Core (TM) i7-8700 CPU.
Phosphor-Düngung und Wasserrecht auf internationaler, europäischer und nationaler Ebene – Zugleich zu Gewässer-Implikationen des BVerfG-Klima-Beschlusses
Authors: Garske Beatrice , Ekardt Felix
Published: March 2023

Trotz der jahrelang bekannten Umweltprobleme, die mit der unsachgemäßen respektive übermäßigen
Phosphatdüngung einhergehen, mangelt es dem nationalen, europäischen und internationalen Recht
weitgehend an ambitionierten Zielvorgaben und wirkungsvollen Maßnahmen zur Begrenzung dieser Problemlagen,
insbesondere hinsichtlich der Gewässereutrophierung. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die für
die Minimierung der Phosphateinträge relevanten Vorgaben im bestehenden Wasserrecht auf allen drei
Rechtsebenen und schließt dabei klima- und biodiversitätsbezogene Zielsetzungen ein. Es wird
zudem aufgezeigt, dass der BVerfG-Klima-Beschluss hinsichtlich der etwaigen verfassungsrechtlichen Rechtfertigung
weitergehender gesetzgeberischer Maßnahmen Anhaltspunkte enthält, die auch für den Gewässerschutz
fruchtbar gemacht werden können.
A data-driven approach to neural architecture search initialization
Authors: Traoré Kalifou René , Camero Andrés , Zhu Xiao Xiang
Published: March 2023

Algorithmic design in neural architecture search (NAS) has received a lot of attention, aiming to improve performance and reduce computational cost. Despite the great advances made, few authors have proposed to tailor initialization techniques for NAS. However, the literature shows that a good initial set of solutions facilitates finding the optima. Therefore, in this study, we propose a data-driven technique to initialize a population-based NAS algorithm. First, we perform a calibrated clustering analysis of the search space, and second, we extract the centroids and use them to initialize a NAS algorithm. We benchmark our proposed approach against random and Latin hypercube sampling initialization using three population-based algorithms, namely a genetic algorithm, an evolutionary algorithm, and aging evolution, on CIFAR-10. More specifically, we use NAS-Bench-101 to leverage the availability of NAS benchmarks. The results show that compared to random and Latin hypercube sampling, the proposed initialization technique enables achieving significant long-term improvements for two of the search baselines, and sometimes in various search scenarios (various training budget). Besides, we also investigate how an initial population gathered on the tabular benchmark can be used for improving search on another dataset, the So2Sat LCZ-42. Our results show similar improvements on the target dataset, despite a limited training budget. Moreover, we analyse the distributions of solutions obtained and find that that the population provided by the data-driven initialization technique enables retrieving local optima (maxima) of high fitness and similar configurations.
Perfectionism as Possible Predictor for Treatment Success in Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Metacognitive Training as Third-Wave Treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Claus Nathalie , Miegel Franziska , Jelinek Lena , Landmann Sarah , Moritz Steffen , Külz Anne Katrin , Rubel Julian , Cludius Barbara
Published: March 2023

Background

Identifying predictors of treatment outcome can guide treatment selection and optimize use of resources. In patients affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), perfectionism has emerged as one possible predictor, with some data suggesting that cognitive-behavioral therapy outcomes are poorer for more perfectionistic patients. Findings so far are inconsistent, however, and research has yet to be extended to newer treatment approaches.

Methods

We administered measures of concern over mistakes, clinical perfectionism, as well as OCD and depression symptom severity to a sample of OCD patients in out-patient group treatments (N = 61), namely, metacognitive training (MCT-OCD) or mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for OCD. Hierarchical data over time was submitted to multi-level analysis.

Results

Neither concern over mistakes nor clinical perfectionism at baseline predicted OCD symptoms across time points. However, concern over mistakes at baseline did significantly predict comorbid depressive symptoms. Furthermore, exploratory analysis revealed change in clinical perfectionism during treatment as a predictor of OCD symptoms at follow-up.

Conclusion

These results suggest that initial concern over mistakes may not prevent patients with OCD from benefitting from third-wave treatments. Change in clinical perfectionism may present a putative process of therapeutic change. Limitations and avenues for future research are discussed.
Identifying how classroom teachers develop presence online: breaking the fourth wall in online learning
Authors: Prestridge Sarah , Main Katherine , Schmid Mirjam
Published: March 2023

This paper examines the invisible barrier that can challenge teachers when teaching online, called the fourth wall. Using a presence framework derived from the literature, we explored how experienced teachers manage the absence of visual cues and identify the pedagogical practices they adopted as a response. Data from semi-structured interviews with 22 teachers experienced in online teaching was analysed for individual presence, place presence, and co-presence. Results indicate seven different types of individual presence, four different types of place presence, and three different types of co-presence. Overall, findings show that teachers discussed developing students’ individual connections to the online lesson more often compared with developing co-presence (student-to-student engagement) with place presence being representative of the online learning space. Specific strategies that teachers used to support each presence are presented and implications are provided for how this affects the move to an increased use of blended and online learning in the schooling context.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Game Harvests in Sweden
Authors: Lozano Julian E. , Elofsson Katarina , Surry Yves , Marbuah George
Published: March 2023

The benefits and costs of wildlife are contingent on the spatial overlap of animal populations with economic and recreational human activities. By using a production function approach with dynamic spatial panel data models, we analyze the effects of human hunting and carnivore predation pressure on the value of ungulate game harvests. The results show evidence of dynamic spatial dependence in the harvests of roe deer and wild boar, but not in those of moose, which is likely explained by the presence of harvesting quotas for the latter. Results suggest the impact of lynx on roe deer harvesting values is reduced by 75% when spatial effects are taken into account. The spatial analysis confirms that policymakers’ aim to reduce wild boar populations through increased hunting has been successful, an effect that was only visible when considering spatial effects.
Situating Higher-Order, Critical, and Critical-Analytic Thinking in Problem- and Project-Based Learning Environments: A Systematic Review
Authors: Loyens Sofie M. M. , van Meerten Julianne E. , Schaap Lydia , Wijnia Lisette
Published: March 2023

Critical thinking (CT) is widely regarded as an important competence to obtain in education. Students’ exposure to problems and collaboration have been proven helpful in promoting CT processes. These elements are present in student-centered instructional environments such as problem-based and project-based learning (P(j)BL). Next to CT, also higher-order thinking (HOT) and critical-analytic thinking (CAT) contain elements that are present in and fostered by P(j)BL. However, HOT, CT, and CAT definitions are often ill-defined and overlap. The present systematic review, therefore, investigated how HOT, CT, and CAT were conceptualized in P(j)BL environments. Another aim of this study was to review the evidence on the effectiveness of P(j)BL environments in fostering HOT, CT, or CAT. Results demonstrated an absence of CAT in P(j)BL research and a stronger focus on CT processes than CT dispositions (i.e., trait-like tendency or willingness to engage in CT). Further, while we found positive effects of P(j)BL on HOT and CT, there was a lack of clarity and consistency in how researchers conceptualized and measured these forms of thinking. Also, essential components of P(j)BL were often overlooked. Finally, we identified various design issues in effect studies, such as the lack of control groups, that bring the reported outcomes of those investigations into question.
Epistemic Libertarian Paternalism
Authors: Miyazono Kengo
Published: March 2023

Libertarian paternalism is a weak form of paternalism that recommends nudges rather than bans, restrictions, or other strong interventions. Nudges influence people’s choice by modifying contextual factors (the “choice architecture”). This paper explores the possibility of an epistemic analogue of l﻿ibertarian paternalism. What I call “﻿epistemic ﻿libertarian p﻿aternalism” is a weak form of epistemic paternalism that recommends “epistemic nudges” rather than stronger paternalistic interventions. Epistemic nudges influence people’s beliefs and judgments by modifying contextual factors (the “epistemic choice architecture”). The main aim of this paper is to defend ﻿epistemic l﻿ibertarian ﻿paternalism from the “irrationality problem”, which I take to be the most urgent problem for ﻿epistemic l﻿ibertarian p﻿aternalism; given how epistemic nudges work (i.e. they typically co-opt psychological biases), nudged beliefs are irrational. In response to the irrationality problem, I admit that nudged beliefs are often (not always, though) irrational, but insist that there are conditions in which epistemic nudging can be justifiable nonetheless. I will propose two conditions that are jointly sufficient for justifiable epistemic nudging: “Veridicality Condition” (which says that nudged beliefs are more likely to be true than non-nudged beliefs) and “Not-More-Irrationality Condition” (which says that nudged beliefs are not more likely to be irrational than non-nudged beliefs).
Importance of IT and Role Identities in Information Systems Infusion
Authors: Hassandoust Farkhondeh , Techatassanasoontorn Angsana A. , Tan Felix B.
Published: March 2023

Information systems (IS) should be infused into individuals’ work activities for organizations to extract value from these systems. Studies have identified various factors that impact IS infusion, but few have examined the importance of individuals’ identities and the role of contextual factors. Drawing on identity and status characteristics theories, this study conceptualizes individuals’ material identity as IT identity, and role identity as IS infusion role identity and examines their relationships and effects on IS infusion as well as the role status characteristics play in shaping these relationships. The models were evaluated using survey data collected from enterprise systems users. Findings suggest that individuals’ IT identity shape IS infusion role identity, and together, these identities influence their IS infusion. Additionally, work-related and personal characteristics strengthen the relationships between identities and IS infusion. This study highlights the role of individual’s IT and role identities and status characteristics in fostering IS infusion.
Seasonal fluctuation of in vitro fertilization encounters in the United States
Authors: McGough Alexandra M. , Doody Kaitlin A. , Foy Olivia B. , Harris Chelsey A. , Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Matsuo Koji , Paulson Richard J.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To examine patient and hospital characteristics related to seasonal fluctuation in in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study examined 33,077 oocyte retrievals identified in the National Ambulatory Surgery Sample. Exposure assignment was monthly IVF encounters: low-volume months (<25%ile), mid-volume months (≥25/<75%ile), and high-volume months (>75%ile). Main outcomes were patient and hospital characteristics related to the exposure groups, assessed with a multinomial regression model.

Results

The median IVF encounters were 977 per month, ranging from 657 to 1074 (absolute-difference 417). January, July, and December were the lowest-quartile volume months, ranging from 657 to 710 encounters per month (low-volume months). May, August, and November were the top-quartile volume months, ranging from 1049 to 1074 encounters per month (high-volume months). In a multivariable analysis, patients undergoing IVF in the low-volume months were younger and less likely to have infertility or comorbidities. Patients undergoing IVF in the high-volume months were more likely to have lower household income and receive IVF at urban teaching facilities. Northeastern residents were less likely to have IVF in the low-volume months but more likely to have IVF in the high-volume months. Sensitivity analyses showed that the lowest-to-highest variability in monthly IVF encounters was higher in Northeast region compared to other regions (320 vs 50–128); infertility patients compared to those without (317 vs 190); privately insured patients compared to self-pay (227 vs 156); and older patients compared to younger (234 vs 192).

Conclusion

This study suggests substantial seasonal fluctuation in IVF oocyte retrieval in the USA based on patient and hospital factors.
Executive Function, Attention and Autism Symptomatology in School-Aged Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Wotherspoon Jane , Whittingham Koa , Sheffield Jeanie , Boyd Roslyn N.
Published: March 2023

Objective: Children diagnosed with cerebral palsy have been reported to be at increased risk of executive function deficits and neurodevelopmental disorders. This population-based cohort study aimed to assess executive function, attention, behaviour, and autism symptomatology in school-aged children with CP, using parent-report measures that can provide insight into everyday functioning in these neurodevelopmental domains. Methods: 74 participants (male n = 51) mean age 9 years 9 months, SD 1 year 1.2 months (range 8 years 0 months to 12 years 11 months), GMFCS I = 45 (60.8%), II = 17 (23%), III = 8 (10.8%), and IV = 4 (5.4%), were assessed on measures of attention and behaviour (Conners-3), executive function (BRIEF), and autism symptomatology (AQ10-Child). Analysis was via one-sample t-tests and MANCOVAs. Results: Participants’ scores were elevated in comparison to the general population in all domains, while 29.1% of participants scored above the cut-off level on an autism symptomatology screener. Greatest impairment was reported for working memory (M = 60.7, SD = 10.0, t(72) = 9.2, p < .001), peer relations (M = 72.7, SD = 16.2, t(73) = 12.0, p < .001), and inattention subscales (M = 66.3, SD = 12.5, t(73) = 11.2, p < .001). No statistically significant differences were found for different GMFCS levels on domains of executive functioning. A statistically significant difference was found between GMFCS levels for inattention F(3, 71) = 3.83, p = .013, partial η2 = 0.162, with most elevated scores associated with GMFCS level II (M = 74.1, SD = 14.2). Conclusion: EF, attention and behavioural difficulties, and autism symptomatology are commonly reported in school-aged children with CP. Screening for these comorbidities using ratings scales will assist with early diagnosis and targeted intervention.
The Job Leeway Scale: Initial Evaluation of a Self-report Measure of Health-Related Flexibility and Latitude at Work
Authors: Shaw William S. , Dugan Alicia G. , McGonagle Alyssa K. , Nicholas Michael K. , Tveito Torill H.
Published: March 2023

Purpose
Evidence suggests that workers manage health-related challenges at work, in part, by using available leeway to perform work differently. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Job Leeway Scale (JLS), a new 18-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess worker perceptions of available flexibility and latitude to manage health-related challenges at work. Methods
Workers seeking assistance for workplace difficulties due to chronic medical conditions (n = 119, 83% female, median age = 49) completed the JLS along with other workplace and health measures. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and concurrent validity was assessed by associations with related measures. Results
Mean item scores ranged from 2.13 to 4.16 within a possible range of 0–6. The EFA supported three underlying factors: organizational leeway (9 items), task leeway (6 items), and staffing leeway (3 items). Internal consistency (alpha) ranged from 0.78 to 0.91 for subscale scores and 0.94 for the total score. The JLS showed moderate correlations with other work outcome measures including work fatigue, self-efficacy, engagement, and productivity. Conclusion
The JLS is a promising new measure with initial support for its reliability and validity to assess worker beliefs of available flexibility to manage health symptoms at work, and this construct may have organizational implications for worker support and accommodation.
Measuring Resilience in Long-term Sick-listed Individuals: Validation of the Resilience Scale for Adults
Authors: Standal Martin Inge , Hjemdal Odin , Foldal Vegard Stolsmo , Aasdahl Lene , Hagen Roger , Fors Egil A. , Anyan Frederick
Published: March 2023

Return to work from long-term sick leave is influenced by personal and social factors, which can be measured by resilience, a construct that describe healthy adaptation against adversity. This study aimed to validate the validity and psychometric properties of the resilience scale for adults in a sample of long-term sick-listed individuals, and to investigate measurement invariance when compared with a university student sample. Confirmatory factor analysis was used on a sick-listed sample (n = 687) to identify the scale?s factor structure, and comparison with a university student sample (n = 241) was utilized to determine measurement invariance. Results show that a slightly modified factor structure, in accordance with previous research, achieved acceptable fit in the sick-listed sample, while comparisons with the student sample supported measurement invariance. This means that the study to a large degree support the factor structure of the resilience scale for adults in long-term sick-listed. Furthermore, the results indicate that the scale is similarly understood among long-term sick-listed as in a previously validated student sample. Thus, the resilience scale for adults can be a valid and reliable measure of protective factors in the long-term sickness absence and return to work context, and the subscale and total score can be interpreted similarly in long-term sick-listed as in other populations.