bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Trajectories in the Framingham Offspring Study
Authors: Bangen Katherine J. , Armstrong Nicole M. , Au Rhoda , Gross Alden L.
Published: August 2019

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been linked to increased risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer’s disease. It remains unclear whether and at what stage in the adult lifespan MetS and its components begin to alter the trajectory of cognitive performance. In the present study, 2,892 Framingham Offspring participants completed health assessments every four years since 1971 and underwent repeat neuropsychological testing from 1999 to 2014. We estimated the associations of levels and changes in cognitive trajectories with hazard of MetS using a joint growth/survival model. All models were adjusted for baseline age, sex, education, and smoking status. Findings showed that both mid-life and late-life MetS were associated with lower level of cognitive functioning but not cognitive trajectories. Associations were strongest among those who were nondemented and apolipoprotein ( APOE) ɛ4 noncarriers. In addition, individuals with the most rapid cognitive decline were more likely to have MetS. The pattern of results showed that associations between MetS and cognition varied, depending upon whether the sample was stratified by genetic and cognitive status and whether we considered cognitive performance as a continuous variable or examined categorical groupings. Given that mid-life MetS was associated with poorer cognition at age 55, cognitive changes may occur early during the MetS process. Our findings suggest that those with MetS are at greater risk of dementia given their lower level of cognitive functioning and also suggest that MetS may be a risk factor for decline in the absence of known risk factors including the APOE ɛ4 allele.
Trend in the Incidence and Prevalence of Dementia in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Petersen Maria Skaalum , Restorff Marjun , Stórá Tórmóður , Waldemar Gunhild , Joensen Sofus
Published: August 2019

Background:

Dementia has become an important public health, economic, and social issue. Knowledge about prevalence, incidence, and trends of dementia in a country is of crucial importance. However, no studies of incidence or prevalence of dementia have been undertaken in the Faroe Islands.

Objectives:

The aim was to estimate the overall and trend in incidence and prevalence of dementia among individuals ≥60 years in the Faroe Islands from 2010-2017.

Methods:

Population-based register study where all individuals ≥60 years with a dementia diagnosis from January 2010 to December 2017 were identified. The overall crude and age-and-sex-specific incidence and prevalence was assessed.

Results:

The overall crude incidence among individuals ≥60 years from 2010 to 2017 was 5.1 per 1000 individuals and the prevalence 22.5 per 1000 individuals. The age-and sex-standardized annual incidence of dementia fluctuated between 4.8 and 6.7 per 1000, with no clear secular trend while the age-and sex-standardized prevalence increased steadily from 14.5 in 2010 to 30.8 per 1000 individuals in 2017.

Conclusion:

The age-standardized incidence or prevalence estimates in the Faroes seem to be lower than in other countries. The incidence was relatively stable in the period while the prevalence of dementia simultaneously increased.
Quantification of Tau Protein Lysine Methylation in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Huseby Carol J. , Hoffman Claire N. , Cooper Grace L. , Cocuron Jean-Christophe , Alonso Ana P. , Thomas Stefani N. , Yang Austin J. , Kuret Jeff
Published: August 2019

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that normally interacts in monomeric form with the neuronal cytoskeleton. In Alzheimer’s disease, however, it aggregates to form the structural component of neurofibrillary lesions. The transformation is controlled in part by age- and disease-associated post-translational modifications. Recently we reported that tau isolated from cognitively normal human brain was methylated on lysine residues, and that high-stoichiometry methylation depressed tau aggregation propensity in vitro. However, whether methylation stoichiometry reached levels needed to influence aggregation propensity in human brain was unknown. Here we address this problem using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry approaches and human-derived tau samples. Results revealed that lysine methylation was present in soluble tau isolated from cognitively normal elderly cases at multiple sites that only partially overlapped with the distributions reported for cognitively normal middle aged and AD cohorts, and that the quality of methylation shifted from predominantly dimethyl-lysine to monomethyl-lysine with aging and disease. However, bulk mol methylation/mol tau stoichiometries never exceeded 1 mol methyl group/mol tau protein. We conclude that lysine methylation is a physiological post-translational modification of tau protein that changes qualitatively with aging and disease, and that pharmacological elevation of tau methylation may provide a means for protecting against pathological tau aggregation.
Toxicity of Amyloid-β Peptides Varies Depending on Differentiation Route of SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Krishtal Jekaterina , Metsla Kristel , Bragina Olga , Tõugu Vello , Palumaa Peep
Published: August 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a currently incurable neurodegenerative disorder being the major form of dementia worldwide. AD pathology is initiated by cerebral aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the form of amyloid plaques; however, the mechanism how Aβ peptide aggregates participate in the disease progression and neurodegeneration is still under debate. Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y is a convenient cellular model, which is widely used in biochemical and toxicological studies of neurodegenerative diseases. This model can be further improved by differentiation of the cells toward more neuron-like culture using different protocols. In the current study, dbcAMP, retinoic acid with TPA, or BDNF were used for differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells, and the resulting cultures were tested for the toxicity toward the Aβ42 peptide. The toxicity of Aβ42 peptide depended on the type of differentiated cells: RA and TPA- differentiated cells were most resistant, whereas dbcAMP and RA/BDNF- differentiated cells were more sensitive to Aβ toxicity as compared with non-differentiated cells. The differentiated cultures provide more appropriate cellular models of human origin that can be used for studies of the mechanism of Aβ pathogenesis and for a screening of compounds antagonistic to the toxicity of Aβ peptides.
张村驿（二）水文站水面流速系数分析
Authors: 刘 意
Published: August 2019

张村驿水文站现用水面流速系数分析年代较远,为了保证流量测验精度,对现用系数进行验证。根据现行《河流流量测验规范》GB50179-2015要求,对张村驿站进行了水面流速系数试验分析,分析了该站的水面流速系数,并对分析成果进行了合理性验证,为提高本站水面一点法流量精度提供了依据。
东雷抽黄大型灌溉泵站更新改造存在问题及分析
Authors: 赵 兴海 , 王 军学 , 朱 周锋 , 刘 卫东
Published: August 2019

文章对东雷抽黄大型灌溉泵站的更新改造进行了全面系统回顾,肯定了泵站改造的效果,指出了改造中存在的问题,并对问题进行了分析和探讨,对后续的中小型泵站改造具有借鉴意义。
对城镇河道生态治理与水土保持问题进行探究
Authors: 李 燕
Published: August 2019

工业化进程的加快不仅促进社会经济的快速发展,也提升了城镇化建设的速度,同时也使社会对水资源需求量不断增加。但目前我国城镇河道管理中存在着诸多问题。最为突出的则是河道生态治理与水土保持效果较差,无法有效维护生态平衡。为此,文章对城镇河道生态治理与水土保持问题进行了深入探究,了解当前治理中存在的问题,并探究河道治理与水土保持的原则,从而提出有针对性的策略以便提升城镇河道生态治理与水土保持效果的策略。
浅谈水利工程建筑安全事故预防措施
Authors: 沈 树华
Published: August 2019

随着我国城镇化建设的不断发展,城乡居民生活水平不断提升,水利工程等基础设施建设发挥的作用功不可没。随着水利工程施工规模的不断扩大,技术工艺结构也越来越复杂,如何做好施工现场的安全管理工作已经成为施工单位十分重要的研究课题之一。因此,本文详细介绍了水利工程建筑施工各种潜在危险事件的预防工作,希望能够为现场施工人员提供更加全面的安全保障。
浅谈灌区节水灌溉技术
Authors: 徐 先强
Published: August 2019

灌区节水灌溉涉及诸多学科,其实质是解决农业用水和农作物需水及单位水量产生的粮食产量和价值,从而充分利用有限的水资源,提高水的利用率和利用效率,实现农作物高产高效为目的。因此为了发挥节水灌溉技术的作用,本文阐述了灌区节水灌溉的必要性,对灌区节水灌溉技术及其应用的注意事项与措施进行了探讨分析。
水利水电施工中对于混凝土施工技术的运用
Authors: 田 福来
Published: August 2019

在这个现代化国家,人们生活水平的提高,科技实力的增强,推动着工程建筑行业的进一步发展。因此,混凝土施工技术的应用也逐渐现身在水利水电工程中,推动着水利水电工程的不断发展。混凝土施工技术的地位举足轻重,不容忽视,所以要特别注意混凝土施工技术的发展,相应的,水利水电工程的建设也要注意,二者都兼得,就能有利于我国经济的快速发展。
小型水库水利工程建设与管理问题分析
Authors: 李 杨
Published: August 2019

在目前城市发展水平全面提升背景下,水利工程项目的建设也越发完善,其中小型水利工程的有效建设可以有效强化水库调节能力,这对于流域水环境的安全发展将提供保障性优势。基于此,本文将以小型水库水利工程作为研究基础,对当前工程建设与管理中的问题进行详细研究,从而提出合理的问题应对方案,想能为后续工程建设和发展提供有效帮助作用。
农村安全供水工程建设与管理
Authors: 晏 俊波
Published: August 2019

农村安全供水工程与农民群众的日常生活和生产联系十分紧密,为了推动新农村的建设和发展,相关部门需要重视农村安全供水管理工作,提升供水能力,还要加强对农村供水工程建设的关注,提升农民群众的生活质量。基于此,文章阐述了农村安全供水工程的相关内容,分析了农村供水工程建设中存在的问题,对农村安全供水工程的建设与管理进行了研究。
试析基层河道管理体制改革问题
Authors: 周 娴 , 高 晓燕
Published: August 2019

基层河道管理工作涉及的内容较多,为了提高管理效率,需要制定相应的管理制度,在保证管理工作顺利开展的基础上,对各项管理内容实行有效约束。在分析当前基层河道管理体制时发现,其存在一些问题有待解决,本文就将对基层河道管理体制改革中的问题进行分析,并提出合理的解决措施,以优化基层河道建设水平。
水利水电工程设计中常见问题及对策
Authors: 吴 天奇
Published: August 2019

本文以工作实践为基础,对水利水电工程设计中常见问题进行了总结和分析,并有针对性的提出了水利水电工程设计的优化对策,以期为相关从业人员提供参考。
沁源县永和水电站大坝混凝土施工
Authors: 刘 茂
Published: August 2019

本文介绍了沁源县永和水电站大坝混凝土施工的全过程,重点介绍了大坝各部位混凝土施工方法及坝体内部埋石混凝土施工,块石埋入混凝士后有效地减少了坝体混疑土用量,简化了大体积混凝土施工的温度控制措施,有效避免了坝体的温度裂缝。通过现场有效的施工管理和质量控制,加快了施工进度、节约了施工成本,达到了设计要求和目的。
水利工程土石坝枢纽设计中的要点分析
Authors: 袁 敏
Published: August 2019

在水利工程建设中,土石坝枢纽设计是非常关键的工作,可以直接影响土石坝施工质量,社会在不断进步与发展,对土石坝枢纽设计的要求在不断提高,因此在水利工程中需要思考土石坝枢纽设计的方法问题,以及水利工程土石坝枢纽设计问题,本文主要研究水利工程土石坝枢纽设计中的要点。
水利水电工程施工质量控制关键点分析
Authors: 焦 世豪 , 张 世锋 , 高 昊
Published: August 2019

水利水电工程是我国重要的基础设施和基建工程。随着现代社会不断发展伴随着大量水利水电工程的建设,建设过程中的质量问题就显得尤为重要。建设过程中为了控制质量问题,为了保证建设的顺利性就需要有关的建设企业或相关技术人员全面把控质量问题,并根据问题寻找出最有效的解决方案,在建设水利水电工程时,严格控制在水利水电建设中的质量问题,预防会出现的问题,随时进行监控、检测。但因各种因素,我国在水利水电工程建设方面还存在种种问题,影响了工程建设,减短了工程使用寿命,严重影响了我国在水利水电工程上的发展,由此来看,加强水利水电工程质量问题刻不容缓。本文由工程实施所存在的问题切入,从各方面来分析施工质量控制的关键点。
Donepezil and α-synuclein Constipation: A 36 Month Follow-Up
Authors: Lepkowsky Charles M.
Published: August 2019

A case study is described in which four patients diagnosed at different stages of disease progression with the α‐synuclein or Lewy body disorders Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Neurocognitive Disorder with Lewy Bodies (NCDLB) were treated with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) Donepezil to address the symptoms of constipation, obstipation and impaction. In all four patients, the use of Donepezil was associated with significant symptom reduction, which was maintained at intervals of six, twelve, eighteen and thirty-six months, with no apparent reduction in bowel motility, nor the emergence of any new symptoms. The results suggest that the AChEI Donepezil can have long-term benefit in reducing the symptoms of constipation, obstipation and impaction in patients with α‐synuclein disorders.

Keywords: Neurocognitive Disorder with Lewy Bodies, Parkinson’s disease, constipation, Donepezil, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
MODEL KERUKUNAN UMAT BERAGAMA DI DUSUN SUSURU
Authors: Wahab Abdul Jamil
Published: August 2019

Being harmony in social and religious life has not perfectly built in lndoensia. The social relationship between religions or even etnics haven't shape yet in very proper form, the conflict potencially appear betwen them that become a basic reason and an interesting motive to study about Dusun Susuru as an exception; Dusun Susuru is a remote village and well known as multi religious, people can live hand in hand and harmony there. Some religious social activities are also carried out together. This study prefer to use qualitative method and from that kind of method we found that the religious groups there such as Islam, Katolik, Kritsten, and Penghayat lived in one village, one worship place, and they live also closely as neighbour. Some social and religious activities done togetherly, for example: establishing house of worship, tahlilan, accepting equal rights inheritance and so on. All things that has been mentioned above is a portrait of the social interaction that have described as a mutual pattern between each religions and each etnic which is beyond the tolerance concept in common. This religious harmony in portrait could be a best

practice for managing inter religious harmony in another places.

Keywords: Dusun Susuru, multireligious, Penghayat.
Application of Rasch Rating Scale Model to Analysis of Fear of Missing Out a Smartphone
Authors: Alizamar Alizamar
Published: August 2019

The presence of smartphones is one of the technological advancements that have contributed greatly to changes in social behavior. This led to the inception of the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) smartphone device. The purpose of this study therefore was to determine the right instrument to measure the FoMO smartphone by analyzing response points obtained from respondents. The study sample consisted of three groups of test subjects, from large city, small town and villages with n values of 226, 248, and 55 respectively. The data in this study were obtained using the 5-point Likert scale politomy data from a Fear of Missing out scale instrument, distributed online. The research data were analyzed using the Rasch model by testing rating scale analysis through Threshold. The results showed that the rating scale answered choices turned into a 3-point Likert scale with those not right, less right, and very right.
HUBUNGAN STATUS PERNIKAHAN DAN KEPEMILIKAN KONDOM DENGAN PENGGUNAAN KONDOM PADA PASANGAN TIDAK TETAP PENGGUNA NAPZA SUNTIK DI 4 KOTA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sugiarto Sugiarto
Published: August 2019

Konsistensi penggunaan kondom pada Penasun masih rendah. Menurut Laporan STBP 2013, konsistensi penggunaan kondom pada Penasun sebesar 17% pada pasangan tetap, 17% pasangan tidak tetap dan 16% pasangan komersial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat determinan penggunaan kondom pada Penasun di 4 Kota di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data STBP Penasun tahun 2013. Cara pengambilan sampel STBP Penasun adalah Responden Driven Sampling (RDS). Analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi penggunaan kondom pada saat berhubungan seks dengan pasangan tidak tetap sebesar 17%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara status pernikahan (OR=0,2; 95% CI=0,1-0,6), kepemilikan kondom (OR=6,6; 95% CI=2,4-18,2) dengan penggunaan kondom pada pasangan tidak tetap pengguna napza suntik di 4 Kota di Indonesia. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepemilikan kondom merupakan faktor risiko penggunaan kondom pada pasangan tidak tetap pengguna napza suntik. Responden yang tidak memiliki kondom memiliki peluang 6,6 kali lebih tinggi tidak menggunakan kondom jika dibandingkan dengan responden yang memiliki kondom.
MEMAHAMI TEORI KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL PETER L. BERGER
Authors: Sulaiman Aimie
Published: August 2019

Usaha Berger untuk mendefinisi ulang hakekat dan peranan sosiologi pengetahuan, pertama, usaha mendefinisikan pengertian “kenyataan” dan “pengetahuan”. Gejala-gejala sosial itu ditemukan dalam pengalaman bermasyarakat yang terus menerus berproses, dihayati dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat secara menyeluruh dengan segala aspeknya (kognitif, psikomotoris, emosional dan intuitif). Dengan kata lain, kenyataan sosial itu tersirat dalam pergaulan sosial, diungkapkan secara sosial dalam berbagai tindakan sosial seperti berkomunikasi lewat bahasa, bekerjasama lewat bentuk-bentuk organisasi sosial. Kenyataan sosial semacam ini ditemukan dalam pengalaman intersubyektif. Konsep intersubyektif menunjuk pada dimenasi struktur kesadaran umum ke kesadaran individual dalam suatu kelompok khusus yang sedang saling berintegrasi dan berinteraksi.Kedua, bagaimana cara meneliti pengalaman intersubyektf sehingga kita dapat melihat adanya kontruksi sosial atas kenyataan ? Dengan kata lain pertanyaan ini juga mempersoalkan bagaimana cara mempersiapkan penelitian sosiologis sehingga ditemukan esensi masyarakat dalam gejala-gejala sosial tersebutKetiga, pilihan logika manakah yang perlu diterapkan dalam usaha memahami kenyataan sosial yang memiliki ciri khas seperti bersifat pluralis, dinamis, dalam proses perubahan terus menerus itu ? Logika ilmu-ilmu sosial yang seperti apa yang perlu dikuasai agar interpretasi sosiologis itu relevan dengan struktur kesadaran umum maupun struktur kesadaran individual.
Risamálheildin
Authors: Steingrímsson Steinþór
Published: August 2019

Í maí 2018 var ný textamálheild, Risamálheildin, opnuð á vefnum málheildir.árnastofnun.is. Risamálheildin er leitarbær í leitarvél sem er sérsmíðuð fyrir málheildir og aðlöguð að íslenskum textum en einnig er hægt að sækja alla textana sem í henni eru, markaða og lemmaða, til nota við þróun á máltæknibúnaði eða í rannsóknir. Fyrsta útgáfa málheildarinnar inniheldur yfir 1200 milljón lesmálsorð í textum úr ýmsum áttum. Stefnt er að því að gefa út nýja útgáfu málheildarinnar árlega, þar sem fleiri textum hefur verið bætt við og hún mörkuð og lemmuð með nýjustu aðferðum.
Macrobenthos Community in the Littoral Zone Water Area of Iboih Beach Sabang, Aceh
Authors: Oktavia Rita , Amin Nurdian
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study is to know the macrobenthos community in the littoral zone water area of Iboih beach, Aceh. Sample collection is conducted by using plot size of 1 x 1 meter, destructive sampling and non-destructive sampling methods. The results shows that macrobenthos inventory on Rubiah Island in Sabang, Aceh with destructive sampling methods is amounted to 8 species from 5 families, while Benthos obtained from non-destructive sampling methods is amounted to 8 species from 6 families. Macrobenthos inventory on the water of natural tourism area of Iboih beach Sabang. Diversity index is moderate with H '= 1.22061, and non-destructive value H' = 1.31391. Includes the category of moderate diversity. In Payau waters with destructive H'= 1.74816, nondestructive with a value of H' = 1.7104. Has a moderate diversity index. Macroentent inventory of the Teupin Layeu Mangrove Waters of Sabang City found 27 and 29 species of benthos. Among them (Meretrik meretrik) is amounted to 44, (Anadara cunearca) is amounted to 36 and many other species. With species diversity H'= 3, 2114 indicates a high level of species diversity.
Pharmacognostic and acute toxicity study of the rhizome of Nymphae lotus L. (Nymphaeaceae)
Authors: Muhammad Murtala Namadina , Aliyu Nuhu , Sidi Aliyu Bala , Muhammad Sulaiman Hafizu , Tahir Ahmad Abdulkadir , Muhammad Auta Aminu , Isah Muhammad Maryam , Ali Sani , Alhaji Shehu Shafiu
Published: August 2019

Nymphaea lotus belongs to the family Nymphaeaceae and traditionally used in the treatment of aphrodisiac, anodyne, astringent, cardiotonic, sedative, demulcent, analgesic and as anti-inflammatory agent. The objective of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical, physicochemical analysis and safety margin of N. lotus rhizome with the hope of assisting in its standardization for quality, purity and safety. The powdered sample of the rhizome was extracted with aqueous and methanol and evaluated for physicochemical parameters of the plant. The extracts were subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity study. The physicochemical parameters evaluated include: moisture content (7.4%), total ash (10.3%), water soluble (7.1%), acid insoluble (2.8%), ethanol extractive value (16.7%), and water extractive value (22.0%). The quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed that alkaloids (166.0 mg/g) was the highest phytochemical detected in the rhizome while the lowest was saponins (22.0 mg/g). LD50 of both extracts was above 5000 mg/kg and did not cause mortality in all the tested rats. The results of this finding may be useful in laying down standards and for the compilation of a suitable pharmacopoeia parameters on N. lotus.

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(2): 138-145
Awareness and practice of female genital mutilation/cutting in a semi-urban community in southwest Nigeria
Authors: Olabisi AWOLEKE Adeola , Olumuyiwa AWOLEKE Jacob , Saidat IBRAHIM Blessing
Published: August 2019

Despite efforts to eliminate female genital mutilation and cutting, the harmful practice has persisted in southwest Nigeria. There is an urgent need for accurate data highlighting predictors of the practice so that interventions to eliminate it can be effective. A population-based, cross-sectional survey of women in Ado – Ekiti Local Government Area was conducted to address this need. FGM/C prevalence was 67.2%, and 94% of the women interviewed were aware of the practice. Although most, 142 (39.3%), of the women heard of FGM/C from healthcare personnel, half, 181 (50.1%), of the respondents noted that healthcare providers performed the FGM/C in the community. Young and middle-aged women, of Yoruba extraction who were married, and multiparous, were significantly more likely to have undergone FGM/C. Also, the likelihood of having experienced FGM/C was more among women who were presently employed (irrespective of the class of occupation), had female children, and with a poor perception about FGM/C. After including characteristics with p < 0.05 into multivariate logistic regression model with practice of FGM/C as the dependent variable, perception about FGM/C (AOR: 0.42; 95% C.I.: 0.24 – 0.72; p = 0.002), employment as a skilled worker (AOR: 0.30; 95% C.I.: 0.13 – 0.69; p = 0.005) and being of Yoruba (AOR: 0.07; 95% C.I.: 0.02 – 0.25; p < 0.0001) and Igbo extraction (AOR: 0.15; 95% C.I.: 0.02 – 0.93; p = 0.042), were independently associated with the experience of FGM/C in the study population. Scaling up media involvement and inclusion of FGM/C facts in school texts and curricula, legal sanctions for erring healthcare workers, female re-orientation to correct wrong perception about FGM/C’s supposed benefits, and accurate data for targeted public health interventions are recommended.

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(2): 146-152
Discriminate and indiscriminate use of amoxicillin and its effects on hematological parameters of broiler
Authors: Islam Md Shakil , Islam Md Zahorul , Islam Md Shafiqul
Published: August 2019

Hematological indication is an important finding for pathophysiology analysis of biological science. This study was designed with the aim to investigate the effects of residual antibiotics on hematological parameters of broiler following discriminate and indiscriminate use. Broiler chicks were reared accordingly upto 30 days and on day 14 the chicks were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6) namely control (group A), discriminate (group B) and indiscriminate (group C). At the age of day 16, amoxicillin treatment was started and continued for seven (7) days for in discriminate group (Group B) and fifteen (15) days for indiscriminate group. In case of discriminate group withdrawal period was properly maintained as nomenclature (Seven days) whereas, there was no withdrawal period in case of indiscriminate group. The hemoglobin (gm%) of control, discriminate, and indiscriminate group was 7.07±0.099, 6.97±0.095, and 6.90±0.124; Total erythrocyte count (TEC) 2.55±0.044 million/mm3, 2.53±0.038 million/mm3, and 2.50±0.026 million/mm3; Packed Cell Volume PCV (%) 19.83±1.302, 19.33±1.054, and 18.50±0.764 respectively. There was no significant difference on blood parameter found among the groups. Therefore, discriminate and indiscriminate use of amoxicillin has no bad effect on hematological parameters of broiler.

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(2): 153-157
Serum lipid profiles in repeat breeding and normal cyclic cows in Bangladesh
Authors: Habib Md Ahsan , Islam Mohammed Sirajul , Afroz Most Farhana , Husain Md Jahangir , Khan Shamanta
Published: August 2019

Repeat breeding reduces calf and milk production in crossbred cows. Serum lipid profiles in repeat breeding (RB) and normal cyclic (NC) cows were examined. Blood samples from 10 of each type cows were collected and TC, TG, HDL and LDL were estimated by spectrophotometer using enzymatic commercial kit. The serum TC in NC and RB were found within normal range (167.43 vs. 174.95mg/dl) (P>0.05). The TG in RB cows (121.92mg/dl) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than NC cows (115.03mg/dl). The HDL and LDL in NC (49.74 and 98.82mg/dl) and RB cows (46.40 and 103.09mg/dl) were found within normal range (P>0.05). Serum lipids have no effect on repeat breeding problem for crossbred cows.

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(2): 158-161
Development of a mathematical model for alkylation of m-cresol with α-methylstyrene using anhydrous aluminium chloride
Authors: Sultana S , Arefin ASMS , Shahruzzaman M
Published: August 2019

Alkylaromatic compounds such as alkylphenols are the most wide spread and efficient material due to its broad practical utilization in different arenas including antioxidants, stabilizers for fuels, lubricating oils, polymeric materials and so on. In this work, (2-phenylpropan-2-yl) m-cresol with high yield was prepared from the reaction between m-cresol and _-methylstyrene in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride catalyst. Plackett-Burman design was applied for screening significant variables, such as, temperature, molar ratio of m-cresol to _-methylstyrene, time of reaction and amount of catalyst etc. to determine an optimum condition for the production of (2-phenylpropan-2-yl) m-cresol. Moreover, a 23 Yates pattern factorial design was used to develop a mathematical model to predict the yield of alkylation of m-cresol with _-methylstyrene. Analyses of the results revealed that temperature, molar ratio and amount of catalyst were the main effective variables. The products were characterized by FT-IR, UV-visible and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked up. The experimental yields exhibited good agreement with the predicted yields designed by the mathematical model. Hence, (2-phenylpropan-2-yl) m-cresol has the potential to be used as an industrially important compound in various applications.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(3), 195-202, 2019
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fine fractions of Barapukuria coal in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain HMZ , Hossain QH
Published: August 2019

The existence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fine coal fractions have been determined in order to evaluate their potential carcinogenicity to human beings. Thirteen PAHs of fine coal fractions (n = 9) from Barapukuria coal field, situated at the northwestern part of Bangladesh were analyzed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC−MS) method in order to examine their distributions and toxicity in the environment. Relative abundances of fluoranthene (Flu), pyrene (Pyr), benzo [b,j,k] fluoranthene (Bflas), benzo [e] pyrene (BeP) and benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) were found to be high, followed by phenanthrene (Phe), indeno [1,2,3-cd] pyrene (InP), benzo [g,h,i] perylene (BghiP) and coronene (Cor). The average loads of carcinogenic PAHs in the fine coal fractions decreased in the order: Bflas > BeP > BaP > BghiP > InP > Cor. The PAHs ratios of BeP/(BeP + BaP) ranging from 0.61 to 0.85 (average 0.74), reflected the decay of BaP due to ageing in prolonged exposure to the solar radiation. High abundance of land plant markers retene (Ret) and Phe and BaP/BghiP ratio (~0.10 to 6.16, average 1.89) values indicate that organic matters in the studied samples were derived from typical biological sources. Moreover, the existence of more middle- and higher molecular weight (MMW and HMW) PAHs over lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs in most samples implied the association of high toxicity with negative impacts on human health. The health risk assessment factors (BaPeq) ranging from 0.55 ng g–1 to 6.51 ng g–1 indicates moderate to high health risk related to carcinogenic PAHs in the surrounding atmosphere. The estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values for adults (9.96 × 10−5 to 1.27 × 10−4) and children (5.56 × 10−6 to 1.12 × 10−6) were found to be higher than or equal to the range of 1.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−4.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(3), 203-214, 2019
Synthesis of Bis (n-salicylidene-n-phenyl aminato) Palladium (II) complex to prepare a number of biphenyl compounds
Authors: Hashem Md A , Tuli SK , Mahmud TB
Published: August 2019

The non-toxic, stable, Schiff base complex of Na2PdCl4 and N-salicylidene-N-phenyl amine in methanol catalyze the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction to synthesize coupling products (Scheme-1) in good to excellent yields with high purity under mild conditions.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(3), 223-230, 2019
Drug resistance and plasmid profile of bacterial isolates from automated teller machine keypads in Benin city
Authors: Akinnibosun FI , Adetitun JA
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the drug resistance and plasmid profile of bacterial isolates from automated teller machine (ATM) keypads in Benin City, Nigeria. Samples were collected from the keypads of ATMs situated in banking premises and open access areas using stratified random sampling method at 5 different locations. Isolated bacteria were characterized by extensive phenotypic and biochemical identification procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and plasmid profile of the isolates were carried out using standard methods. The bacteria isolated were: Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacteria sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes. Each isolate exhibited marked resistance to the antibiotics, with multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index > 0.2. Escherichia coli showed the highest resistance (MAR index, 1) while Micrococcus luteus exhibited the least resistance (MAR index, 0.5) to the antibiotics used. Plasmid profile of the isolates revealed the presence of plasmids in the isolates, with a reduction in antibiotic resistance after plasmid curing in some isolates. This indicated plasmid-mediated resistance among majority of the isolates. From the results obtained, it is pertinent therefore, to adopt proper measures aimed at preventing outbreak of diseases associated with these multi-drug resistant bacteria isolated from ATM keypads.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(3), 231-240, 2019
Antifungal efficacy of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) and mahagony fruit bark (Swietenia mahagoni) extracts on leather shoes
Authors: Mamun Md Abdulla Al , Hasan R , Ahmed Md R , Paul AC , Raha RK
Published: August 2019

The natural fungicide has been successfully extracted from neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves and mahagony (Swietenia Mahagoni) fruit bark by a solvent extraction method. The antifungal efficacy was evaluated by the application of extract to the fungal-killing on cultured-fungus in Petri-plate and shoes. The fungus was isolated from the shoe and cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) plate of 100 mm size petri dish. Different dosing of neem and mahagony extract was applied on the fungus culture and measured the area of fungus killing as an antifungal efficacy of the extracts by “Leaf Area Counter” software. The maximum fungus killing efficacy was optimized. The optimum dosing of neem leaves and mahagony bark extracts were found 0.6 gm/5ml and 0.8 gm/5ml, respectively. After that, the optimum doses of natural fungicide were mixed with commercial shoe shiner and cultured the fungus in SDA plate with and without fungicides. Fungicides containing shoe shiner was an inhibitor to grow the fungus, whereas fungus was grown in fungicides-free shoe shiner within three days. We observed the fungicides-containing shoe-shiner treated dish for a period of one month and found that there was no fungus growth at all. The present findings indicated the possible use of neem and mahagony fruits-bark extract as a natural antifungal agent against post-harvest fungal infestation of shoe commodities and prevented the fungus contamination.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(3), 257-262, 2019
The species of Scarabaeus Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Bulgaria and adjacent regions: faunal review and potential distribution
Authors: Lobo Jorge M. , Guéorguiev Borislav V. , Chehlarov Evgeni I.
Published: August 2019

We compile the available georeferenced information on Bulgarian Scarabaeus species, including both bibliographic and natural history data to provide basic ecological and biogeographical information as well as maps of climatically favourable areas (potential distributions) for each one of the species. Scarabaeus species in Bulgaria seem to be generally distributed across low altitude areas mainly under warm temperate or Mediterranean conditions, although S. variolosus appears to be the species adapted to the warmest conditions and S. armeniacus inhabits areas of medium altitude. Our results indicate that it is necessary to carry out an extra survey effort in the northern lowlands, away the Stara Planina Mts. in order to validate current climatically suitable territories for some species. However, the recent land use transformations of these lowland areas, together with the general decline of roller dung beetle populations, suggest that this validation may not be possible.
Aspects of European  Argyra systematics : molecular insights and morphology (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
Authors: Germann Christoph , Pollet Marc , Valerio Bernasconi Marco
Published: August 2019

We focused on systematic aspects of some of the most common European Argyra species. Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony analyses were performed, using three mitochondrial markers (COI, 12S, and 16S) with ten Argyra species as the ingroup, and three other Diaphorinae as an outgroup. The topology of the trees derived from the two analyses was slightly different but not conflicting and allowed the identification of five species groups corroborated by morphological characters. The Argyra argyria species group and the Argyra atriceps species group encompass the majority of the species and can be regarded as Argyra sensu stricto. The Argyra diaphana species group is characterized by a pubescent scutellum, a characteristic of Lasiargyra. The Argyra elongata species group has previously always been regarded as Argyra s.s., but consistently clustered separately from this clade in our analyses. The Argyra vestita species group corresponds with Leucostola, and is characterized by a bare scape.
Environmental conditions affecting spiders in grasslands at the lower reach of the River Tisza in Hungary
Authors: Gallé Róbert , Vesztergom Norbert , Somogyi Tamás
Published: August 2019

The aims of the present study were to reveal the differences between grassland types, and to identify the local and landscape parameters that influence the spider assemblages at the reach of the River Tisza. The rarefied number of spider species was negatively correlated with the proportion of forests in a radius of 500 m around each site. A negative correlation was found between the number of grassland specialist species and the proportion of the forests, but the number of forest species increased significantly with the neighboring forest area. The relative area of neighboring forests, the number of plant species and regular flooding played major roles in shaping of the species composition of spiders. The results of the present study emphasize the importance of the effect of habitat landscape properties on spider assemblages. The structural diversity of the landscape may influence species richness and composition of the habitats.
Two species of Arboridia (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) new to Fennoscandia
Authors: Endrestøl Anders
Published: August 2019

With Arboridia parvula (Boheman, 1845) one species of the genus Arboridia Zachvatkin, 1946 (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) has been reported from Fennoscandia so far. This paper reports on two additional species of this genus in Fennoscandia: A. erecta (Ribaut, 1931) and A. pusilla (Ribaut, 1936). A. pusilla has never been recorded from Northern Europe. Both species probably have a very restricted distribution in Fennoscandia.
Fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea) associated with dead wood and wood growing fungi: new rearing data from Finland and Russian Karelia and general analysis of known larval microhabitats in Europe
Authors: Jakovlev Jevgeni
Published: August 2019

In this contribution new rearing records of fungus gnats from poorly studied larval microhabitats are presented. From 61 species of wood growing Basidiomycete fungi, 6 species of Ascomycete fungi and slime moulds most of which had not previously been the subject of rearing studies, and from dead wood samples with fungalmyceliamade over a period of 1994–2009 in Finland and Russian Karelia, 110 species of fungus gnats were obtained, 98 of them from identified fungi. Of these for 12 species fungal hosts were formerly unknown and for 30 species larval microhabitats have been discovered for the first time. Numbers of fungus gnat species with known larval microhabitats (a total of 498 species that comprises 45.4% of the European fauna) and numbers of known fungal hosts (some 650 species of macrofungi) are calculated and categorized based on this study and previous records from Europe and East Palaearctic.
Review and key of East Palaearctic species of the genus Podismopsis Zubovsky (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) with description of a new species from China
Authors: Lu Ying , Wang Liming , Ren Bingzhong
Published: August 2019

In this paper, a list and key of all East Palaearctic Podismopsis species are presented. In addition, Podismopsis squamopennis sp. n. is described from the Small Northern Lake of Heilongjiang province in China. It mostly resembles P. gynaemorpha Ikonnov.
Lepidoptera of Arkhangelsk oblast of Russia: a regional checklist
Authors: Kozlov Mikhail , Kullberg Jaakko , Zverev Vitali
Published: August 2019

The first regional checklist of moths and butterflies of Arkhangelsk oblast of Russia includes 1,036 species (538 species of microlepidoptera and 498 species of macrolepidoptera), 496 of which have been found in the oblast for the first time. The most interesting records include Gnorimoschema robustella, Caryocolum leucomelanella, Dichrorampha sequana, D. uralensis, Neptis rivularis and Melitaea phoebe. We also discovered several populations of Parnassius mnemosyne in the southern part of the oblast. The fauna of Arkhangelsk oblast appears poorer than the fauna of Northern Ural Mts. but still includes some Siberian taiga species which do not reach Fennoscandia. Also, the distribution limits of several species extend further north in Arkhangelsk oblast than in the more western parts of Europe.We estimate that 500 to 800 species remain to be found in the study region.
Factors associated with the distribution and size of Adelges abietis (Homoptera: Adelgidae) galls on a sev- eral years old spruce (Picea abies) plantation
Authors: Pilichowski Sebastian , Pazio Damian , Giertych Marian
Published: August 2019

The eastern spruce gall adelgid (Adelges abietis) is a homopteran insect related to aphids. It forms pineapple-like pseudocone galls on Norway spruce (Picea abies) shoots, which are often deformed by them. The factors responsible for gall distribution within a tree crown are not clear. We investigated the distribution of galls in crowns on a spruce plantation. We assumed that the number and size of galls is dependent on the size of the tree, position on the crown, the type of shoot and its placement relative to the compass points. We also counted the larval chambers and related their number with gall size. We demonstrated that the largest galls are in the upper part of the crown and on the lateral shoots, and the number of chambers is closely related to the size of the galls. The level of shoot embrace has a significant impact on shoot deformation.
Annotated list of Finnish crane flies (Diptera: Tipulidae, Limoniidae, Pediciidae, Cylindrotomidae)
Authors: Salmela Jukka
Published: August 2019

A list of Finnish crane fly species is presented (Diptera: Tipuloidea). A total of 331 species are recorded from Finland and presented in a table (Limoniidae 192 spp., Tipulidae 113 spp., Pediciidae 19 spp. and Cylindrotomidae 7 spp.). Twenty-four species are formally reported for the first time from Finland (23 Limoniidae, 1 Tipulidae). Twenty-two species that were previously reported are deleted from the Finnish list (11 Limoniidae, 11 Tipulidae). Locality data, including the occurrence of species within Finnish biogeographical provinces, was available for all but one species. The southern provinces Ta (229 spp.), Ab (226 spp.) and N (203 spp.) are the most species rich; fewer species are found in the northernmost provinces (Le 128, Li 135 spp.). Ten species occur in all 21 provinces whereas 27 species are recorded only from a single province so far. A short review of the history of crane fly research in Finland is provided.
A taxonomic study of the caddisfly Oxyethira falcata Morton, 1893 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) using genital morphology and DNA barcoding
Authors: Salokannel Juha , Wahlberg Niklas , Vesterinen Eero , Martinez Jesus , González Marcos
Published: August 2019

Taxonomists have had problems with the hydroptilid caddisfly, Oxyethira falcate Morton, in the past. Four described taxa have been synonymized with O. falcate due to considerable intra-specific morphological variation of the male genitalia, and due to misinterpretation of some of the structures of these. In the present study specimens resembling morphologically O. boreella Svensson & Tjeder, one of the synonymized taxa, were compared with the true O. falcata using DNA barcoding and studying the male genitalia. Further, a molecular examination of all the Fennoscandian Oxyethira species were carried out, including the rare O. klingstedti Nybom, O. tamperensis Malicky, and O. ecornuta Morton. The results support keeping O. boreella as a synonym of O. falcata. In addition, the DNA analyses showed the presence of monophyletic groups for all of the studied Oxyethira species.
Alimentary canal of the lesser house fly, Fannia canicularis (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Fanniidae)
Authors: Chen Yi-Ou , Zhang Dong , Wang Qi-Ke
Published: August 2019

The alimentary canal of Fannia canicularis was studied intensively for the first time, highlighting the description of morphological characteristics and providing detailed morphometric data. Two pairs of Malpighian tubules with considerably different length were found which has been rarely documented for Calyptratae flies before. Furthermore, stout cardia and sinewy crop of the samples were ob- served and supposed to be responsible for the energy needed to support the long- time swarming behavior of the species.
Description of the oviparous female and new information on the biology of the rare aphid Stomaphis radicicola Hille Ris Lambers 1947 (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)
Authors: Depa Łukasz , Mróz Ewa , Brożek Jolanta
Published: August 2019

Information is provided concerning the discovery of the rare aphid species Stomaphis radicicola H. R. Lambers in Slovakia. The first description of the oviparous morph is given and its morphological resemblance to S. bratislavensis Czylok et Blackman is discussed. Supplementary data concerning the molecular identity and biology of S. radicicola is presented.
Sylvenomyia gen. n. in Sweden and a key to the genera of the tribe Winnertziini (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Porricondylinae)
Authors: Mamaev Boris , Zaitzev Alexander
Published: August 2019

A new porricondyline genus, Sylvenomyia, is described. Another new porricondyline genus, Cryptoxylomyia, is erected for a species previously referred to genus Rhipidoxylomyia Mamaev.
The karyotype and morphology of Chironomus brevidentatus sp. n. (Dipt., Chironomidae). A species with a "salinarius type" larva from northern Finland
Authors: Hirvenoja Mauri , Michailova Paraskeva
Published: August 2019

The karyotype and morphology of Chironomus brevidentatus sp. n. has been described from the Lokka reservoir in northern Finland. The species belongs to the thummi complex with the chromosome arm combination AB, CD, EF and G. The relationships between the karyotypes of C.brevidentatus, C. major Wülker & Butler, C. neocorax Wülker and Butler, C. tardus Butler, and "Chironomus sp. 2n = 6, Lokka" are described. The external morphology has been compared with the suggested nearest relatives or otherwise similar species. The known ecological conditions in the type locality are discussed.
Review: Aquatic Insects of North Europe - A taxonomic handbook
Authors: Itämies Juhani
Published: August 2019

Nilsson, A. 1997: Aquatic Insects of North Europe. A taxonomic handbook. Volume 2. OdonataDiptera.- Apollo Books 440 pp. ISBN 87-88757-15-3.
Comments on some Estonian Coleoptera
Authors: Silfverberg Hans
Published: August 2019

A number of species are confirmed as Estonian, having been previously reported from an unspecified Baltic area.
Studies on the Heteroptera of the Khorasan province in N. E. Iran. II. Cimicomorpha: Miridae
Authors: Linnavuori Rauno , Modarres Mehdi
Published: August 2019

A list of the Miridae species of the Khorasan province in N .E. Iran is published. New synonymy: Orthotylus rudbaricus Linnavuori 1997 = O. turcmenorum Puchkov, 1976, syn.n.
Lathroplex anthreni sp. n. (Hymenoptera, lchneumonidae), a parasitoid on Anthrenus museorum (Linnaeus) in southern Finland
Authors: Vikberg Veli
Published: August 2019

The female of Lathroplex anthreni sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) is described from southern Finland and the Karelian Republic, Russia. The new species is compared with L. clypearis Thomson, 1887, which is presented as new to Finland. Experimentally the female was found to attack larvae of Anthrenus museorum (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera, Dermestidae). The genus Lathroplex Förster is regarded as a distinct genus, and not a synonym of Campoplex Gravenhorst, because of the different host order, Coleoptera versus Lepidoptera.
Review: Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Württembergs
Authors: Mikkola Kauri
Published: August 2019

Ebert, Günter (ed.) 1997, 1997 & 1998: Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Württembergs. Bände 5-7. Sesiidae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae. 575 + 622 + 582 pp., 400 + 512 + 483 colour photographs, 360 + 433 + 329 diagrams and drawings, and 133 + 187 + 170 distribution maps. Verlag Eugen Ulmer. Stuttgart. ISBN 3-8001-3481-0, 3-8001-3482-9, 3-8001-3500-0. Price: Ca. FIM 480,-/part.
The larval description of Tinea steueri Petersen, 1966 and Tinea svenssoni Opheim, 1965 (Lepidoptera, Tineidae)
Authors: Van Nunen Minna , Itämies Juhani , Ahola Matti
Published: August 2019

Fourteen larvae of Tinea steueri and six larvae of T. svenssoni were first forced out of their cases and then boiled for five minutes in 10 % potassium hydroxide. The body was opened from the right side and the inside was cleaned out. Heads were cut off and placed in 10 % potassium hydroxide for three days. After opening, the skins were kept in 70 %, 94 % and absolute alcohol for five minutes each before spreading open on a microscope slide. Euparal was used as the mountant medium. Figures were drawn direct from a microscope with possible fold showing. Not all setae could be seen on every sample, but all details have been checked on more than one larva. In Tinea svenssoni and T. steueri the distance between SD1 and XD2 is shorter than between XD1 and XD2. The clearest difference between T. svenssoni and T. steueri is the length of the cranial seta L1. In T. svenssoni L1 is as long as P2. In T. steueri L1 is the longest seta of the cranium being more than six times longer than P2. But many other differences were also found.
Six years from passing bell to recovery: Habitat restoration of the threatened Chequered Blue Butterfly (Scolitantides orion) in SE Finland
Authors: Marttila Olli , Saarinen Kimmo , Marttila Pekka
Published: August 2019

We restored the habitat of the vulnerable Chequered Blue Butterfly (Scolitantides orion Pallas). The population at the restoration site almost became extinct in the late 1980's due to overgrowth by Scots pine forest. The habitat was restored by selective removal of pines in 1990. The abundance of S. orion was estimated in 1990-1996 and 1998-1999, and the population was studied intensively over a short period in 1997. The butterfly recovered after some delay. The numbers of specimens were low during the first five years, but a marked change in 1996- 1999 indicated the presence of a persistent population. The habitat restoration most likely prevented the local extinction of S. orion.
Hyphydrus megas n.sp. (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), described from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania
Authors: Biström Olof
Published: August 2019

Hyphydrus megas n.sp. is described from the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire) and Tanzania on the basis of two male specimens. The new species belongs to the species group H. grandis, and including the new species it now contains five species. Distinguishing characteristics for the new species are presented. The occurrence of H. residuus Omer-Cooper in Tanzania was based on an incorrect determination and thus the species is here removed from the fauna of Tanzania.