bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Simulation of Threshold Switching in NbO2 Based on an Electric Field Triggered Thermal Runaway Model
Authors: Funck Carsten , Menzel Stephan , Aslam Nabeel , Zhang Hehe , Hardtdegen Alexander , Waser Rainer , Hoffmann‐Eifert Susanne
Published: June 2016

Volatile threshold switching devices have attracted great attention for use as selectors in passive crossbar arrays. These devices show an abrupt hysteretic jump in the current–voltage characteristic and thus offer very high selectivity. As this nonlinearity appears for either voltage polarity, threshold switches are an ideal selector for bipolar‐switching redox‐based resistive memories. To date, the predominant explanation of the threshold‐switching phenomenon in NbO2 and related materials is the insulator‐to‐metal transition that occurs at a certain temperature and is connected to a phase transition. However, some essential experimental findings are not satisfactorily explained. Here, a multidimensional simulation of the threshold switching in NbO2 is presented that overcomes these shortcomings. The model is based on an electric field‐induced thermal runaway that increases the amount of mobile charge carriers in the device. Applying this model in a simulation correctly predicts the experimentally observed threshold‐type current–voltage characteristic, inclusive of important features like the narrow opening of the hysteresis and the magnitude of the current jump. Furthermore, the simulation enables to discuss different influencing parameters independently at spatial resolution. The model is also applicable to a wider class of materials showing the threshold switching, but does not show a temperature‐induced insulator‐to‐metal transition.
Optimized p53 immunohistochemistry is an accurate predictor of TP53 mutation in ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Köbel Martin , Piskorz Anna M , Lee Sandra , Lui Shuhong , LePage Cecile , Marass Francesco , Rosenfeld Nitzan , Mes Masson Anne‐Marie , Brenton James D
Published: June 2016

TP53 mutations are ubiquitous in high‐grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC), and the presence of TP53 mutation discriminates between high and low‐grade serous carcinomas and is now an important biomarker for clinical trials targeting mutant p53. p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used as a surrogate for TP53 mutation but its accuracy has not been established. The objective of this study was to test whether improved methods for p53 IHC could reliably predict TP53 mutations independently identified by next generation sequencing (NGS). Four clinical p53 IHC assays and tagged‐amplicon NGS for TP53 were performed on 171 HGSOC and 80 endometrioid carcinomas (EC). p53 expression was scored as overexpression (OE), complete absence (CA), cytoplasmic (CY) or wild type (WT). p53 IHC was evaluated as a binary classifier where any abnormal staining predicted deleterious TP53 mutation and as a ternary classifier where OE, CA or WT staining predicted gain‐of‐function (GOF or nonsynonymous), loss‐of‐function (LOF including stopgain, indel, splicing) or no detectable TP53 mutations (NDM), respectively. Deleterious TP53 mutations were detected in 169/171 (99%) HGSOC and 7/80 (8.8%) EC. The overall accuracy for the best performing IHC assay for binary and ternary prediction was 0.94 and 0.91 respectively, which improved to 0.97 (sensitivity 0.96, specificity 1.00) and 0.95 after secondary analysis of discordant cases. The sensitivity for predicting LOF mutations was lower at 0.76 because p53 IHC detected mutant p53 protein in 13 HGSOC with LOF mutations. CY staining associated with LOF was seen in 4 (2.3%) of HGSOC. Optimized p53 IHC can approach 100% specificity for the presence of TP53 mutation and its high negative predictive value is clinically useful as it can exclude the possibility of a low‐grade serous tumour. 4.1% of HGSOC cases have detectable WT staining while harboring a TP53 LOF mutation, which limits sensitivity for binary prediction of mutation to 96%.
Retention of eyeblink conditioning in periweanling and adult rats
Authors: Brown Kevin L. , Freeman John H.
Published: June 2016

Eyeblink conditioning is a well‐established model for studying the developmental neurobiology of associative learning and memory, though nothing is known regarding developmental differences in retention between periweanling and adult rats. The present study examined retention of eyeblink conditioning in periweanling (postnatal day 24 at the start of training) and adult rats 1, 7, or 28 days after acquisition. Retention was assessed by (1) a conditional stimulus (CS)‐alone test session followed by (2) CS‐unconditional stimulus (US) reacquisition tests. Conditional response (CR) levels at acquisition were comparable in most respects between ages, and robust CR levels were present at the start of retention tests for both ages in the 1 day group, with CR percentages at block 1 of reacquisition higher in periweanlings relative to adults. At the 7 day retention test there was a trend toward significance for higher CR percentages at the CS‐alone test in adults relative to periweanlings, though there were no age differences at reacquisition testing. When testing occurred 28 days after acquisition, however, periweanlings showed fewer CRs relative to adults during reacquisition despite low CR levels in both ages throughout the CS‐alone test. Furthermore, periweanlings in the 28 day group required more trials at reacquisition than all other groups to exceed CR levels from their first acquisition session. These findings are consistent with rapid forgetting in the young commonly referred to as “infantile amnesia.” The well‐characterized eyeblink preparation may be useful for future studies investigating neural mechanisms responsible for rapid forgetting in developing animals.
Measurement of thermophysical properties of fire‐resistive and reactive materials. Urgent problems and solutions
Authors: Litovsky Efim , Issoupov Vitali , Kleiman Jacob I.
Published: June 2016

The ASTM Standard Test Method E2584 ‘Standard Practice for Thermal Conductivity of Materials Using a Thermal Capacitance (Slug) Calorimeter’ was developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology to measure thermal conductivity of fire‐resistive and reactive materials during monotonic heating and cooling. The heating regime adopted in ASTM E2584 is very reasonable because change of materials' composition and structure during a fire can depend on kinetic factors and thermal story of the materials. The main problem in experimental measurements of thermophysical properties is the impossibility of using standard steady‐state methods during time‐dependent processes in materials accompanied by latent heat effect. Using standard transient methods, such as hot wire or laser flash methods, is also incorrect, because the transient measurement heat process can be started only after steady‐state temperature field is established in the sample, that is, at the time when the involved physical or chemical processes could be finished. The objectives of this paper are to review and to analyze scientific problems to be taken into account in the revised version of ASTM E2584 Standard. Examples of experimental results are presented for measurement of thermophysical properties during chemical and physical processes in solid materials, powders, metals, and ceramic materials; building materials during fire; and so on. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethical Issues Raised by CACREP Accreditation of Programs Within Institutions That Disaffirm or Disallow Diverse Sexual Orientations
Authors: Smith Lance C. , Okech Jane E. Atieno
Published: June 2016

The field of counseling is expatiating on counselors’ religious values that conflict with the affirmation of diverse sexual orientations. There is also a germane systemic issue: the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs’ practice of providing accreditation to counseling programs housed within religious institutions that disaffirm or disallow individuals with sexual minority identities. This article examines the complexities of this practice given the field's ethical mandate to affirm both religious and sexual orientation diversity.
CACREP Accreditation, Ethics, and the Affirmation of Both Religious and Sexual Identities: A Response to Smith and Okech
Authors: Sells James N. , Hagedorn W. Bryce
Published: June 2016

In response to Smith and Okech (), the authors reason that protections for sexual minorities can thrive with protections for religious liberties. The authors (a) acknowledge that the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs' accreditation process is designed to ensure that counseling programs of religious or secular institutions meet established standards to prepare counselors to work with all client groups, (b) describe the Ethical Acculturation Model (Handelsman, Gottlieb, & Knapp, ), and (c) provide an example of a theological perspective for educators to help students integrate their professional and religious identities.
Negotiating CACREP Accreditation Practices, Religious Diversity, and Sexual Orientation Diversity: A Rejoinder to Sells and Hagedorn
Authors: Smith Lance C. , Okech Jane E. Atieno
Published: June 2016

The authors write a rejoinder to Sells and Hagedorn's () article, “CACREP Accreditation, Ethics, and the Affirmation of Both Religious and Sexual Identities: A Response to Smith and Okech,” which supports Smith and Okech's () assertion that a dialogue examining the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs' accreditation practices pertaining to counseling programs in institutions that disaffirm/disallow diverse sexual orientation is germane. The authors articulate the common ground they share with Sells and Hagedorn while also highlighting areas of dissension.
A Cross‐Cultural Study on a Resilience–Stress Path Model for College Students
Authors: Li Ming‐hui , Yang Yan
Published: June 2016

Using structural equation modeling, the authors evaluated a path model developed on the basis of resilience–stress theories. Participants were college students in the United States (n = 207), China (n = 209), and Taiwan (n = 212). The relationships among stress, trait resilience, self‐efficacy, secure attachment, and active coping were consistent across the 3 samples. These results may be related to the Westernization of Chinese and Taiwanese college students in the process of globalization. Practical and theoretical implications of the results are discussed.
Psychometric Meta‐Analysis of the English Version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory
Authors: Bardhoshi Gerta , Duncan Kelly , Erford Bradley T.
Published: June 2016

This meta‐analysis reviewed 192 scholarly works from 1993 to 2013 using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck & Steer, ). Aggregated internal consistency (coefficient alpha) was .91 (k = 117), and test–retest reliability was .65 (k = 18). Convergent comparisons were robust across 33 different anxiety instruments and the Beck Depression Inventory–II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, ). Structural validity primarily supported the original 2‐factor solution proposed by Beck and Steer (), and diagnostic accuracy varied according to the sample size and criterion cutoff score.
Specificity of Stress‐Responsive Transcription Factors Nrf2, ATF4, and AP‐1
Authors: Rössler Oliver G. , Thiel Gerald
Published: June 2016

Cellular stress leads to an upregulation of gene transcription. We asked if there is a specificity in the activation of the stress‐responsive transcription factors Nrf2, ATF4, and AP‐1/c‐Jun, or if activation of these proteins is a redundant cellular answer toward extracellular stressors. Here, we show that oxidative stress, induced by stimulation of the cells with the oxidant arsenite, strongly activated gene transcription via the stress‐responsive element (StRE), while phorbol ester or tunicamycin, activators of AP‐1/c‐Jun or ATF4, respectively, activated AP‐1 or nutrient‐sensing response element‐mediated transcription. Preincubation of the cells with N‐acetyl‐cysteine or overexpression of thioredoxin selectively attenuated arsenite‐induced upregulation of StRE‐regulated transcription. Expression of either dominant‐negative or constitutively active mutants of Nrf2, ATF4, or c‐Jun confirmed that distinct transcription units are regulated by these transcription factors. Physiological stimuli involving the activation of either Gαq‐coupled designer receptors or the protein kinases c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinase or p38 strongly stimulated transcription via AP‐1/c‐Jun, with minimal effects on Nrf2 or ATF4‐responsive promoters. Thus, activation of transcription by extracellular signaling molecules shows specificity at the level of the chemical nature of the signaling molecule, at the level of the intracellular transduction process, and at the level of signal‐responsive transcription factors. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 127–140, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global Analysis of the Impact of Deleting Trigger Factor on the Transcriptome Profile of Escherichia coli
Authors: Fan Dongjie , Liu Lushan , Zhu Lingxiang , Peng Fang , Zhou Qiming , Liu Chuanpeng
Published: June 2016

Trigger factor (TF) is a key component of prokaryotic chaperone network, which is involved various basic cellular processes such as nascent peptide folding, protein trafficking, ribosome assembly. To better understanding the physiological roles of TF, global transcriptome profiles of a variety of TF deletion mutant strains of Escherichia coli were determined. We found that deletion of the tig gene, encoding TF, led to a dramatic alteration of transcriptome profile, not only affecting the gene expression of members of the chaperone network, but also changing the levels of quite a few RNAs related to metabolism and other cellular processes. Further studies showed that this alteration was only partially recovered by knockin of TF domain‐deletion mutants into the endogenous tig locus, indicating that structural integrity is crucial for the biological function of TF. Finally, by combining the transcriptome and phenotype results, a physiological mechanism underlying the impact of TF deletion on the transcriptome profile was proposed. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 141–153, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pre‐ and Postnatal Effects of Corticosterone on Fitness‐Related Traits and the Timing of Endogenous Corticosterone Production in a Songbird
Authors: Strange Meghan S. , Bowden Rachel M. , Thompson Charles F. , Sakaluk Scott K.
Published: June 2016

Maternally derived corticosterone in the egg and corticosterone produced endogenously by altricial nestling birds play essential roles during development. Although persistently high corticosterone levels can be harmful, moderately elevated levels above baseline can lead to reallocation of resources between growth and maintenance to ensure immediate survival or to enhance the development of fitness‐related traits. We tested two hypotheses concerning the fitness consequences of elevated corticosterone during prenatal and postnatal development in altricial house wrens: (1) elevated corticosterone shifts resources away from growth and immune function and (2) elevated corticosterone serves as a signal to allocate resources to fitness‐related traits. We also explored the development of the stress response, hypothesizing that early‐stage nestlings have little endogenously produced corticosterone, but that their baseline and stress‐induced corticosterone levels increase with age. Nestlings hatching from corticosterone‐injected eggs were lighter at hatching, but through compensatory growth, ended up heavier than controls near the time of fledging, an important, fitness‐related trait. Nestlings that hatched from corticosterone‐injected eggs and those given oral doses of corticosterone did not differ from controls in three other fitness‐related traits: immunoresponsiveness, size, or haematocrit. Early‐ and late‐stage nestlings had similar baseline corticosterone levels, and all nestlings increased their plasma corticosterone levels in response to a capture‐and‐restraint protocol, with older nestlings mounting a stronger stress‐induced response than younger nestlings. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to corticosterone is important in shaping offspring phenotype and are consistent with the hypothesis that maternally derived corticosterone in the egg can have long‐term, fitness‐related effects on offspring phenotype.
Genomic and transcriptomic profiles and in vitro resistance to mitoxantrone and idarubicin in pediatric acute leukemias
Authors: Laskowska Joanna , Lewandowska‐Bieniek Joanna , Szczepanek Joanna , Styczyński Jan , Tretyn Andrzej
Published: June 2016

Background

A major problem in the treatment of leukemia is the development of drug resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.

Methods

To determine the ex vivo drug resistance profile to anthracyclines, an 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay was performed on mononuclear cells obtained from 155 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Gene expression profiles (for 51 patients with ALL and 16 with AML) were prepared on the basis of cRNA hybridization to oligonucleotide arrays of the human genome (Affymetrix). Hierarchical clustering, assignment location and biological function were investigated during the correlation analysis for identified probe sets. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array profiles (34 patients with ALL and 12 with AML) were prepared on the basis of DNA hybridization to oligonucleotide arrays of the human genome (Agilent). The validation of the array results was performed by a quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The collected expression and CGH microarray experiment results indicate that the ITGB2, SCL6A7, CASP1 and DUSP genes may comprise a resistance marker for acute leukemia cells correlated with anthracyclines. Moreover, there were also identified chromosome rearrangements associated with drug resistance, such as del5q32–35.3 and amp8p12‐p11.21. Precise genes, as well as genome aberrations, might be classified as targets in therapy.

Conclusions

In AML, the resistance of blasts to idarubicin and mitoxantrone may reflect an impaired integrin pathway. In ALL, the development of resistance is caused by the inhibition of B and T cell activation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arabian Peninsula wet season dust storm distribution: regionalization and trends analysis (1983–2013)
Authors: Alobaidi Meshari , Almazroui Mansour , Mashat Abdulwahab , Jones Philip Douglas
Published: June 2016

A dust storm climatic regionalization of the Arabian Peninsula (AP) that aims to categorize the region into several cohesive sub‐regions is conducted. This approach was carried out by grouping together similar wet season climatological features of dust storm activity (DSA). A common period of 30 years (1983–2013) for 38 meteorological weather stations across the AP was utilized. The mathematical, statistical and subjective methods that are employed in the process of regionalization resulted in dividing the region into three sub‐regions. Each of the sub‐regions north, northwestern and central, northeast and south, west and coastal shows distinct features of its own. Subsequently, the temporal trend of the representative station (key station) for each sub‐region is examined. It is found that only the northeastern part of the region has a significant positive trend over the last 30 years. However, this positive increase in DSA is not associated with an increase in wind speed. This study assists future research in exploring the relationship between large‐scale forcing and the AP sub‐regional DSA. As well, this could enhance regional DSA forecast and future projections.
The Value of Providing Holistic Support for Expatriates: Evidence From the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Innes Jane E. M. , Stevenson Anne P.
Published: June 2016

Expatriates, their families, and employers are all stakeholders in international assignments. Yet, their respective needs are seldom addressed from a trilateral perspective. Focusing on long‐term international assignments (LTIA) in the oil and gas industry, interviews were held with a sample of unconnected expatriates, accompanying partners, and representatives of the employing organizations. They addressed four elements: LTIA context, various types of expat support, LTIA outcomes, and stakeholder interdependence. The findings led to the development of a framework for a holistic approach to expatriate and family support that can enhance outcomes for all those affected by an international posting. Ultimately, the framework points to HR policies and practices that can add value to international assignments, smooth reintegration upon expats’ return home, and engender employee loyalty, engagement, and retention. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HPO Model+HPO Framework = Organizational Improvement for a European Multinational
Authors: De Waal André , Hanna David
Published: June 2016

In an era of increasingly saturated markets and ever tightening competition, multinational firms are diversifying their product portfolios, exploring new areas of operation, standardizing to achieve economies of scale, and generally enhancing the quality of their organization. Such quality management practices, however, are typically confined to production and supply chain processes, for there are no holistic improvement models designed for overall application in multinational firms. The experiences of a European multinational that embarked on an initiative to transform itself into a high‐performing organization (HPO) to improve its ability to compete, demonstrate the value of combining two generic HPO schemata for guidance: Hanna's HPO model and de Waal's HPO framework. Within six months of evaluating its performance against those sets of HPO guidelines, the organization realized significant behavioral improvements, including enhanced communications and employee engagement, and was able to set a course for sustainable renewal. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Internationalization of Small and Medium‐Size Enterprises in the Maghreb: A Study of Moroccan SMEs
Authors: Ramadan Maarouf , Levratto Nadine
Published: June 2016

The economies of the Maghreb, an area comprising Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, are dominated by small and medium‐size enterprises (SMEs), have strong investment potential, and are underexploited. Yet few studies have examined the effect of internationalization on SMEs in this region. Taking into account the influence of economic liberalization and the development of the private sector in the southern Mediterranean, a study of 22 Moroccan companies during the first half of 2012 sheds light on the internationalization process of SMEs in that region. The data that were compiled led to the development of a causal model that incorporates various trans‐Mediterranean factors, such as trade networks, that affect internationalization. This model can help business leaders refine their understanding of SMEs in the region and underscores the diversity of the paths to internationalization. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Innovation Hub How‐To: Lessons From Silicon Valley
Authors: Berger Andreas , Brem Alexander
Published: June 2016

Firms around the world are eager to replicate the successes of enterprises that have established innovation labs in California's Silicon Valley. An analysis of four leading US companies that have set up idea incubators in the Valley—Xerox, Apple, Google, and Cisco—point to eight factors for success in establishing an innovative environment: carefully considering the decision to set up such a center, hiring the right people, designing a framework for effective output, creating a buffer from bureaucratic distractions, securing a leader to champion the effort, focusing on business outcomes, fostering disruptive over incremental innovation, and being patient. Regardless of where an innovation hub is established, the key to success lies in hiring creative, intrinsically motivated staff and then giving them the freedom to do what they do best. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapamycin suppresses microglial activation and reduces the development of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury
Authors: Tateda Satoshi , Kanno Haruo , Ozawa Hiroshi , Sekiguchi Akira , Yahata Kenichiro , Yamaya Seiji , Itoi Eiji
Published: June 2016

Rapamycin is an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, plays an important role in multiple cellular functions. Our previous study showed rapamycin treatment in acute phase reduced the neural tissue damage and locomotor impairment after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, there has been no study to investigate the therapeutic effect of rapamycin on neuropathic pain after SCI. In this study, we examined whether rapamycin reduces neuropathic pain following SCI in mice. We used a mouse model of thoracic spinal cord contusion injury, and divided the mice into the rapamycin‐treated and the vehicle‐treated groups. The rapamycin‐treated mice were intraperitoneally injected with rapamycin (1 mg/kg) 4 h after SCI. The rapamycin treatment suppressed phosphorylated‐p70S6K in the injured spinal cord that indicated inhibition of mTOR. The rapamycin treatment significantly improved not only locomotor function, but also mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in the hindpaws after SCI. In an immunohistochemical analysis, Iba‐1‐stained microglia in the lumbar spinal cord was significantly decreased in the rapamycin‐treated mice. In addition, the activity of p38 MAPK in the lumbar spinal cord was significantly attenuated by rapamycin treatment. Furthermore, phosphorylated‐p38 MAPK‐positive microglia was relatively decreased in the rapamycin‐treated mice. These results indicated rapamycin administration in acute phase to reduce secondary neural tissue damage can contribute to the suppression of the microglial activation in the lumbar spinal cord and attenuate the development of neuropathic pain after SCI. The present study first demonstrated that rapamycin has significant therapeutic potential to reduce the development of neuropathic pain following SCI. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:93–103, 2017.
Logistical challenges and design considerations for studies using acute anterior cruciate ligament injury as a potential model for early posttraumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Lattermann Christian , Jacobs Cale A. , Bunnell Mary Proffitt , Jochimsen Kate N. , Abt John P. , Reinke Emily K. , Gammon Lee G. , Huebner Janet L. , Kraus Virginia B. , Spindler Kurt P.
Published: June 2016

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common and lead to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in a high percentage of patients. Research has been ineffective in identifying successful treatment options for people suffering from symptomatic PTOA resulting in a shift of focus toward the young, ACL injured patients at risk of developing PTOA. Randomized clinical trials examining the very early phase after ACL injury are ideal to study this population; however, these trials face significant challenges regarding recruitment as well as reproducibility of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) and inflammatory and/or chondrodegenerative biomarkers associated with early PTOA. The aim of this work was to develop an approach to allow for early recruitment into an RCT for early treatment following ACL injury and to analyze the variability of commonly used measures and biomarkers at various time points after injury. This paper reports the study design and data related to the first month of treatment for the placebo group of an ongoing 2‐year clinical trial to evaluate the effect of an early intra‐articular intervention after ACL injury. The results of this study suggest that acute ACL injury results in early changes of both inflammatory and chondrodegenerative biomarkers. These results also provide vital information for researchers to consider when developing future protocols, both related to the logistics of early patient enrollment as well as the appropriate timing of biomarker and patient‐reported outcome collection. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:641–650, 2017.
Biomechanical consequences of adding plantar fascia release to metatarsal osteotomies: Changes in forefoot plantar pressures
Authors: Aydogan Umur , Roush Evan P. , Moore Blake E. , Andrews Seth H. , Lewis Gregory S.
Published: June 2016

Destruction of the normal metatarsal arch by a long metatarsal is often a cause for metatarsalgia. When surgery is warranted, distal oblique, or proximal dorsiflexion osteotomies of the long metatarsal bones are commonly used. The plantar fascia has anatomical connection to all metatarsal heads. There is controversial scientific evidence on the effect of plantar fascia release on forefoot biomechanics. In this cadaveric biomechanical study, we hypothesized that plantar fascia release would augment the plantar metatarsal pressure decreasing effects of two common second metatarsal osteotomy techniques. Six matched pairs of foot and ankle specimens were mounted on a pressure mat loading platform. Two randomly assigned surgery groups, which had received either distal oblique, or proximal dorsiflexion osteotomy of the second metatarsal, were evaluated before and after plantar fasciectomy. Specimens were loaded up to a ground reaction force of 400 N at varying Achilles tendon forces. Average pressures, peak pressures, and contact areas were analyzed. Supporting our hypothesis, average pressures under the second metatarsal during 600 N Achilles load were decreased by plantar fascia release following proximal osteotomy (p < 0.05). However contrary to our hypothesis, peak pressures under the second metatarsal were significantly increased by plantar fascia release following modified distal osteotomy, under multiple Achilles loading conditions (p < 0.05). Plantar fasciotomy should not be added to distal metatarsal osteotomy in the treatment of metatarsalgia. If proximal dorsiflexion osteotomy would be preferred, plantar fasciotomy should be approached cautiously not to disturb the forefoot biomechanics. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:800–804, 2017.
Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry enantioseparation of pomalidomide on cyclodextrin‐bonded chiral stationary phases and the elucidation of the chiral recognition mechanisms by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling
Authors: Szabó Zoltán‐István , Szőcs Levente , Horváth Péter , Komjáti Balázs , Nagy József , Jánoska Ádám , Muntean Daniela‐Lucia , Noszál Béla , Tóth Gergő
Published: June 2016

A sensitive and validated liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry method was developed for the enantioseparation of the racemic mixture of pomalidomide, a novel, second‐generation immunomodulatory drug, using β‐cyclodextrin‐bonded stationary phases. Four cyclodextrin columns (β‐, hydroxypropyl‐β‐, carboxymethyl‐β‐, and sulfobutyl‐β‐cyclodextrin) were screened and the effects of eluent composition, flow rate, temperature, and organic modifier on enantioseparation were studied. Optimized parameters, offering baseline separation (resolution = 2.70 ± 0.02) were the following: β‐cyclodextrin stationary phase, thermostatted at 15°C, and mobile phase consisting of methanol/0.1% acetic acid 10:90 v/v, delivered with 0.8 mL/min flow rate. For the optimized parameter at multiple reaction monitoring mode 274.1–201.0 transition with 20 eV collision energy and 100 V fragmentor voltage the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.75 and 2.00 ng/mL, respectively. Since enantiopure standards were not available, elution order was determined upon comparison of the circular dichroism signals of the separated pomalidomide enantiomers with that of enantiopure thalidomide. The mechanisms underlying the chiral discrimination between the enantiomers were also investigated. Pomalidomide‐β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex was characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular modeling. The thermodynamic aspects of chiral separation were also studied.
The versatility of the serratus anterior free flap in head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Khan Mohemmed N. , Rodriguez Laureano Giraldez , Pool Christopher D. , Laitman Benjamin , Hernandez Christopher , Erovic Boban M. , Teng Marita S. , Genden Eric M. , Miles Brett A.
Published: June 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Review the literature on the use of the serratus anterior free flap in the head and neck reconstruction and describe new applications of the serratus anterior free flap.

Study Design

Case series with retrospective chart review and literature review.

Methods

A PubMed literature review was performed using the search terms “serratus free flap,” “serratus skull base,” “serratus scalp,” and “serratus free tissue transfer.” One hundred and seventy‐six articles were identified, 22 of which included at least one head and neck reconstructive case utilizing the serratus free flap. Twenty‐two articles were identified since 1982 that discussed the use of the serratus anterior free flap for reconstruction in the head and neck. However, most of these were harvested in conjunction with latissimus muscle.

Results

We present a case series of 15 patients in whom the serratus anterior muscle free flap was used alone for head and neck reconstruction. In seven of these patients, we used the serratus for coverage of the newly created pharynx after total laryngectomy, which has not previously been reported.

Conclusion

The serratus anterior free muscle flap has great versatility in reconstruction of the head and neck. Because of its low donor site morbidity, thinness, and pliability, as well as its ease of harvest, it is ideal for reconstruction of the skull base and scalp. We have also found that it is ideal for muscle coverage of the newly reconstructed pharynx after total laryngectomy.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 127:568–573, 2017
Salt‐ and pH‐Responsive Semirigid/Flexible Double‐Hydrophilic Block Copolymers
Authors: Savage Alice M. , Ullrich Elizabeth , Kost Caitlyn , Turner Sam Richard
Published: June 2016

Double‐hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs) of poly((4‐diethylamino)‐(E)‐stilbene)‐alt‐maleic acid)‐block‐acryloyl morpholine (DEASti‐alt‐MA)‐b‐ACMO), semirigid‐b‐flexible coil structures, form polyion complexes (PICs) in aqueous solutions. The pH and salt responsiveness of the PICs are studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS). PIC complex formation is dependent on block segment lengths and pH. The particle size increases as the pH approaches the IEP (isoelectric point) of the DHBC. The salt responsiveness is also measured by using DLS to monitor PIC size for four examples with different segment molar masses. These PICs exhibit an antipolyelectrolyte effect with increasing hydrodynamic diameter as ionic strength (NaCl) increases from 0.01 to 2.0 m. PICs are more stable at higher ionic strengths with higher ACMO molar mass.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Tunable Dual‐pH Switchable Zwitterionic Copolymers
Authors: Guo Jian , Li Zifu , Li Yunhui , Liu Qingxia , Yan Ci , Xu Zhenghe
Published: June 2016

A dual‐pH switchable zwitterionic copolymer, poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) (poly(DMAEMA‐co‐AM‐co‐AA)), is synthesized by random copolymerization. Characterized by a sharp change in solution turbidity, the conformation of such polymers in aqueous solutions can be switched at both acidic (low pH) and alkaline (high pH) conditions, with the switching pH being finely tunable by controlling the molar ratio of cationic and anionic functional groups of the copolymer. Study with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation confirm the origin of the conformational change from electrostatic attractions between cationic DMAEMA and anionic AA functional groups.

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Water‐Induced Transitions from Ellipsoidal Micelles to Chain‐Like Nanostructures Self‐Assembled by the Coil‐Rod‐Coil Block Copolymer Based on Hydrogen‐Bonding Urea Groups
Authors: Qi Rui , Jin Yong , Cheng Xinfeng , Li Hanping , Lai Shuangquan , Sun Xiaopeng
Published: June 2016

Herein, a novel coil‐rod‐coil triblock copolymer with the coil blocks composed of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether and the rigid midterm block alternatively connected with isophorone diisocyanate and isophorone diamine is developed. The triblock copolymer can self‐assemble into ellipsoidal micelles in 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone. After the addition of a second coil‐selective solvent (water) to the micellar solutions, these ellipsoidal micelles can further transform into chain‐like nanostructures. The self‐assembly behavior is highly influenced by the additional order of the solvents, which is considerably due to the impacts of the hydrogen‐bonding urea groups and rigid motifs. The transition of the ellipsoidal micelles to chain‐like nanostructures is governed by the water molar fractions. The sizes of the chain‐like nanostructures increase first and then decrease with the growth of the water molar fractions in the mixed solutions.

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Improved Particle Size Control for the Dispersion Polymerization of Methyl methacrylate in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: McAllister Thomas D. , Farrand Louise D. , Howdle Steven M.
Published: June 2016

Dispersion polymerization is a well‐established method of producing polymer particles that are easily handled and processed. With careful choice of reaction conditions this technique can yield well defined, spherical particles for a wide range of applications. The use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a reaction medium offers a route to performing these syntheses without excessive use of volatile organic solvents and minimizes work‐up and disposal steps. However a significant drawback has been the fact that up till now the control of particle size and morphology from CO2 have been limited. This study presents control of particle size and morphology over an unprecedented range for a single stabilizer in scCO2 by coordinating a few simple parameters to tailor the conditions toward different sizes. Further, this study introduces the novel approach in scCO2 of using delayed monomer addition which allows considerable reduction of the batch‐to‐batch variability as well as reduced agglomeration between particles.

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Cohomology relative to a system of closed forms on the torus
Authors: Dattori da Silva P. L. , Meziani A.
Published: June 2016

To a system of closed one‐forms on the torus, we associate a differential complex and compute the induced cohomology groups provided that a related matrix satisfies a Diophantine condition.
Dead Celebrity (Deleb) Use in Marketing: An Initial Theoretical Exposition
Authors: D'Rozario Denver
Published: June 2016

The market for dead celebrities (Delebs) is large and growing. According to recent estimates, it is now worth $2.25 billion in annual licensing and royalty revenues (CBC, 2013; Kirsta, 2012). The practice is now so prevalent that Forbes began its annual ranking, in 2001, of the postmortem earnings of the “top‐earning dead celebrities.” In this paper, the author examines this practice and does the following. First, key terms are defined. Next, some of the major similarities and differences between living and dead celebrities are looked at. Following this, six major streams of theory that might pertain to Delebs are examined. They are used to explain (a) why Delebs remain popular in the consumption culture (“Nostalgia” theory), (b) why Deleb possessions are often in demand (“Celebrity Contagion” theory), (c) why many people willingly accept the products of Deleb morphing and reanimation efforts, even though they know they are not real (the “Pleasure of Imagination”), (d), why Deleb morphing and reanimation efforts sometimes fail with some audiences (the “Savanna Principle”), (e) how Deleb reanimations are typically perceived by human audiences (the “Uncanny Valley”), and (f) how Delebs should be properly used by marketers (“Fit” theory). The author concludes with some key principles learned, in addition to looking at the limitations of this paper and future directions for Deleb research.
Anticipatory Savoring and Consumption: Just Thinking about That First Bite of Chocolate Fills You Up Faster
Authors: Black Iain R. , Areni Charles S.
Published: June 2016

Two laboratory studies examine how consumers adjust their eating to the size of the portion they expect to receive. Participants who knew in advance that they would receive six pieces of chocolate waited less time before eating each piece and ate more pieces than participants who expected to receive only two pieces when they started, even though both groups were ultimately offered six pieces. In the second study, natural variance in how long participants waited before tasting the chocolates was negatively related to how many additional pieces they thought they could eat after finishing the last piece. These results suggest that increasing the interval prior to taking the first bite of a piece of chocolate reduced overall consumption. When consumers focus their attention on eating, the interval before taking the first bite captures anticipatory savoring—psychologically looking forward to the actual consumption experience.
Customer Referral Reward–Brand–Fit: A Schema Congruity Perspective
Authors: Stumpf Christian , Baum Matthias
Published: June 2016

Customer referral programs (CRPs) are widely applied as an effective means to stimulate word‐of‐mouth. While previous research mainly focuses on CRPs’ impact of acquiring new customers, this study introduces referral programs as a strategic brand management tool. In doing so, this article emphasizes what has been largely neglected by scholars: A “recommenders‐perspective.” Guided by two competing theoretical perspectives, this article proposes that the perceived congruity between a reward and the recommended brand is an essential driver of referral program performance outcomes. The results show that rewards that conform to the image of the recommended brand yield more favorable reward attractiveness perceptions. Furthermore, the authors show that reward attractiveness perceptions inevitably affect the brand customers are asked to recommend in exchange for receiving this reward. The research reported here extends the literature on judgmental evaluations resulting from schema‐based processing and provides novel insights into the design of CRPs.
Development of Fluorescent Gelators and Detection of Explosives Using Fibrous Xerogel Films
Authors: Hanabusa Kenji , Harano Kazuki , Fujisaki Masafumi , Nomura Yasushi , Suzuki Masahiro
Published: June 2016

Fluorescent gelators containing stilbene segments were synthesized, and their gelation abilities were studied. Fibrous xerogel films were prepared from the gels on quartz plates, and their abilities to detect explosives were evaluated by the fluorescence quenching of the xerogel films upon exposure to saturated TNT or RDX vapor. The morphologies of the xerogel films were studied by TEM and DFM. The xerogel films that showed effective fluorescence quenching were found to have 3D fibrous networks with widths of several tens of nanometers and entangled fibrous aggregates with very uneven surfaces. The mechanism for detecting TNT was discussed from the viewpoint of HOMO and LUMO levels.
UV‐Free Microfluidic Particle Fabrication at Low Temperature Using ARGET‐ATRP as the Initiator System
Authors: Braun Lukas B. , Hessberger Tristan , Serra Christophe A. , Zentel Rudolf
Published: June 2016

A new way to fabricate monodisperse polymer particles in a microfluidic device without UV‐light and without the need for high temperatures is described in this article. By applying an activator regeneration by electron transfer ‐ atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET‐ATRP) initiator system in a co‐capillary microfluidic setup and by separating the monomer mixture in an initiator and a catalyst phase, a fast polymerization of the droplets at low temperature without premature curing and thus clogging of the capillaries can be achieved. The influence of the flow rates on the particle sizes and their polydispersity as well as the controlled character of the polymerization are investigated. The particle size is well adjustable, but the reaction is not controlled due to the high radical concentration needed for rapid polymerization. In addition, particles with incorporated UV‐dyes are produced as a proof of concept at low temperature.

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The Youth Daily Life Before Fulfilling Socio‐educational Measures of Deprivation of Liberty in Brazil: Ordinary Experiences That Are Tangent to the Inclusion in Drug Trafficking
Authors: Costa Luciana Assis , Rocha Daniete Fernandes , Vieira Gabriela , Reis Adriene
Published: June 2016

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate some understanding of the daily lives of young people facing socio‐educational measures of incarceration, especially regarding the predisposing factors that may explain their involvement in criminal occupations and activities (Although the socio‐educational measures applicable to adolescents configures as a response to committing of an offence, it has a mostly educational and not punitive character.). This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach. The data collection instrument used was semi‐structured interviews with 22 young men aged between 12 and 17 years, on condition of deprivation of freedom in four youth centres in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The results showed that these adolescents had a way of life associated with a scarcity of resources owned by households (including little control over them, despite the efforts of their mothers); low adherence to school; limited institutional access to activities in their free time; exposure to predisposing factors to crime, such as early contact with crime through neighbourhood and family relationships; and profiting from crime. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Texture Adaption in Dysphagia: Acceptability Differences Between Thickened and Naturally Thick Beverages
Authors: Gerschke Marco , Seehafer Peggy
Published: June 2016

Purpose:

The aim of the study was to investigate differences in the acceptability between thickened and naturally viscous beverages.

Design:

This was an exploratory, cross-sectional study.

Methods:

One hundred twenty-eight healthy volunteers rated overall liking/disliking of a selection of each of three thickened drinks and three beverages of natural viscosity pre- and postconsumption. Mean ratings were subjected to statistical analysis done with t tests.

Findings:

Although all naturally thick beverages evoked good expectations, there were significant differences in expected acceptance of thickened fluids concerning the kind of beverage. Postconsumption of naturally thick beverages were rated significantly better than thickened.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest an alternative offer of naturally thick drinks and waiver of thickening water when viscosity adaption is needed.

Clinical Relevance:

The sufficient and safe oral fluid intake in dysphagia requires compliance to dietetic recommendations. Naturally thick beverages can contribute to increase the appeal of texture-modified diet.