bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Spectrum and Neuroimaging Characteristics of Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Childhood: Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Akter Naznin , Anwar Sayeda , Samshad Iffat Ara , Akter Shaheen
Published: December 2024

Background: Arterial ischemic stroke in children is rare but may be associated with mortality and significant neurological morbidity. Clinical manifestations and underlying etiology of pediatric ischemic stroke differ from adult stroke. This study aimed to detect the common presentations with their neuroimaging characteristics along with probable etiology of pediatric stroke in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) during period of June 2017 to December 2020 among 65 children aged 29 days to 14 years diagnosed with acute arterial ischemic stroke. Children with acute onset of focal neurological sign with evidence of acute parenchymal ischemic infarction on brain MRI were included as study population. Children diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke, history of perinatal stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) were excluded from the study. Results: Majority of studied children came from rural areas with male predominance. Hemiparesis was the most common presenting feature, then speech disturbance, headache, seizure, visual disturbance and behavioral abnormalities. Thirty-four percent had history of recurrence. Arteriopathy was present among 37% of studied population and moyamoya disease was the common variety. Single infarction with unilateral distribution was seen on radiology imaging among 74% of studied population. Moyamoya disease as etiology and presence of multiple infarcts with bilateral distribution on neuroimage were significantly associated with stroke recurrence. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of pediatric stroke and early search of underlying etiology is essential to prevent mortality, long term neurological morbidity and further recurrence.
J Enam Med Col 2022; 12(1): 36−42
SINERGI FILOSOFI TRI HITA KARANA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING
Authors: Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman , Zahara Laxmi , Mahsup Mahsup , Sutajaya Made , Suja Wayan , Astawa Ida Bagus Made
Published: December 2024

Modern education not only focuses on the development of cognitive abilities but also emphasizes the importance of shaping students' character to be balanced spiritually, socially, and environmentally. The Tri Hita Karana philosophy, rooted in Balinese culture, provides a framework that underscores the significance of harmonious relationships between humans and God (Parahyangan), humans and others (Pawongan), and humans and nature (Palemahan). This research aims to examine the synergy between the Tri Hita Karana philosophy and the Project-Based Learning (PBL) model in creating holistic and sustainable learning. The method used in this study is a literature review, where various relevant works on Tri Hita Karana and PBL are analyzed to understand the integration of these two concepts in the educational context. The analysis is conducted by identifying how each dimension of Tri Hita Karana can be applied in PBL-based projects, as well as the impact of this synergy on students' character development. The results of this review indicate that integrating Tri Hita Karana with PBL can create a learning environment that supports students' spiritual, social, and environmental awareness development. Through PBL, students engage in real-world projects that not only enhance academic skills but also instill values of harmony with God, others, and nature. This synergy results in a more meaningful, relevant, and sustainable educational approach, where students not only improve their cognitive skills but also become socially and environmentally responsible individuals.
Saúde mental de universitários autistas com diagnóstico tardio: Impacto na permanência estudantil
Authors: Liroa Ana Karoline dos Santos , Benitez Priscila , Branco Ana Paula Silva Cantarelli , Guerreiro Elaine Maria Bessa Rebello
Published: December 2024

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a saúde mental de universitários autistas, sem Deficiência Intelectual (DI), com diagnóstico tardio e seu impacto na permanência estudantil. Participaram sete pessoas autistas, matriculadas em universidade pública, cinco do sexo feminino e duas do sexo masculino. Foram aplicadas avaliações específicas e entrevistas semiestruturadas em três períodos distintos. As análises temáticas foram: impacto do diagnóstico tardio; experiências de capacitismo em contextos familiares, educativos e de trabalho; questões de gênero; saúde mental; dificuldades sociais, sensoriais e de adaptação; direitos; pertencimento ao ambiente universitário; rendimento acadêmico. Identificou-se diferença significativa nas avaliações de ansiedade e de preocupação, bem como entre as duas primeiras de depressão. Discute-se que a variável do diagnóstico tardio, em pessoas autistas sem DI, resulta na ausência de intervenções na infância e adolescência que tendem a agravar os quadros de saúde mental na vida adulta, sobretudo em relação à vida independente e inserção social.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Preventive Practices on Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Mothers of Adolescent Girls in Selected Secondary Schools of Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Akinyemi Akinbowale , Akintokun Adedamola , Akanbi Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

Background and aims: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection linked to genital, anal, and oral warts, as well as cervical and other cancers. Low- and middle-income countries, such as Nigeria, face heightened HPV-related disease risks. Vaccination is crucial for global burden reduction, especially in these regions. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices concerning HPV infection and vaccination among mothers of adolescent girls in Lagos, Nigeria.

Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Lagos. Using multi-stage sampling, 312 mothers of adolescent girls attending secondary schools were selected. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and analysed using SPSS Statistics.

Results: Most respondents were aged 40–49 (53.5%) and married (81.1%). Only 43.9% had heard of HPV, although the majority were aware of cervical cancer. A majority (59.0%) had not heard of HPV vaccines. Most respondents demonstrated poor HPV knowledge (61.9%), though many were willing to vaccinate their daughters if free (69.4%). However, fewer were willing to pay for vaccination (47.7%), and most daughters (85.6%) hadn’t been vaccinated. School-based vaccination programmes were the primary source of vaccination information (81.3%). Significant associations were found between respondents’ level of education and their HPV knowledge, as well as willingness to vaccinate their daughters (p<0.001, 0.008).

Conclusion: The study reveals significant knowledge gaps among respondents regarding HPV and cervical cancer, indicating poor HPV-related knowledge and practices in Nigeria. To address this, broad awareness programmes, health facility outreach, media campaigns, and improved vaccine accessibility through government support are recommended.
Addressing Proteinuria in Patients with Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy Through Concomitant Use of Sparsentan and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors
Authors: Roberts Eleanor
Published: December 2024

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) can impact life expectancy in those affected, thus efficacious treatment is key. Endothelin 1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II (Ang II) are instrumental in the development of IgAN-associated renal damage. Use of sparsentan, a dual ET Type A receptor (ETAR) and Ang II subtype 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist (DEARA), can lead to reductions in proteinuria and thereby help to slow kidney function decline in patients with IgAN. Sparsentan is included in the 2024 draft Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) guidelines for patients with IgAN at risk of progressive kidney function loss. Additionally, other KDIGO guidelines recommend a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) for all adults at risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression as they are associated with reductions in both kidney and cardiac morbidity and mortality risks. If needed, there is the potential to combine these drugs. Studies regarding such use were presented in three posters at the American Society of Nephrology’s (ASN) Kidney Week 2024. The first included updated interim findings from the open label extension (OLE) study of the Phase III PROTECT trial of sparsentan in a subset of participants where an SGLT2i had been added at the investigators’ discretion. Here, SGLT2i addition led to further proteinuria reduction. The second poster detailed a prespecified interim analysis of the SPARTACUS trial wherein participants with IgAN receiving an SGLT2i and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) treatment were switched to sparsentan plus an SGLT2i. Such a regimen led to proteinuria reduction from baseline. In the final poster, including four patients with IgAN in tertiary care, the concomitant use of sparsentan with an SGLT2i led to proteinuria reduction in the real-world setting regardless of proteinuria levels or kidney function at sparsentan initiation. Taken together, these studies suggest the utility of concomitant use of sparsentan with an SGLT2i in patients at risk of kidney failure progression.
Approval and commercial release of conventional, yielding, early maturing and heat tolerant with desirable fiber traits variety CIM-554
Authors: Muhammad Khan Idrees , Fazal Shehzad , Khadim Husain
Published: December 2024

Changes in the environment including heat and drought significantly declined the production of cotton. CCRI,. Multan developed a new variety CIM-554 through hybridization in this scenario. There is significantly higher yields recorded in advance varietal and agro-climatic Trials at farmers’ fields and Govt. Farms in four consecutive years (2005-2008). In varietal trials, CIM-554 gave 20.2%, 14.5%, 12.6%, 12.8%, 22.7%, and 28.4%, increase- over commercial varieties MNH-786, CIM-534, CIM-496 NIAB-111, CIM-506 and CIM-499 respectively for seed cotton yield. In Zonal varietal trials (2007-08), CIM-554 gave a 4.9% higher yield of seed cotton over standard while in 2008-09, CIM-554 gave 21.8% higher seed cotton over the standard i.e CIM-496. CIM-554 exceeded commercial variety CIM-499 during 2004-05 in Punjab in National level Trial i.e. NCVT. CIM554 had possessed desirable traits with high ginning GOT %age, better fiber qualities, and spinning qualities. Commercial cultivation of this variety significantly contributed to the overall cotton production as well as it can be used as valuable
Combining ability and inbreeding depression analysis for yield and fiber attributes in cotton genotypes
Authors: Ullah Kalim , Muhammad Saeed , Khan Rashid , Khan Farkhanda , Arif Muhammad , Noor Aslam , Saleem Fazal Yazdan
Published: December 2024

Cotton is the crop of great industrial relevance and provides 90% world textile fiber. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic control and inbreeding depression for yield and fiber attributes in first and second filial generation so as to pin point the most promising hybrids to obtain the superior cotton genotypes. Four cotton genotypes were crossed in half diallel fashion and data was recorded on number of bolls plant-1, boll weight, ginning out turn, fiber length, strength & micronaire value. Additive gene effect was most promising for all the studied yield and fiber traits. Genotype FH-142 was found to be appropriate parents to create crossing blocks regarding enhancement of yield & fiber attributes. Hybrid FH-142 × AA-934 and CRIS-600 × CEMB-33 were the most appropriate to obtain the segregating generations with the aim to select the most desirable genotypes. Inbreeding depression was recorded to be more prominent in the yield related traits in comparison to fiber traits.
Evaluation of Bt. cotton varieties for yield and related traits under agro-ecological environment of Dera Ismail Khan
Authors: Khan Sohail Akbar , Ullah Kalim , Khan Rashid , Saleem Fazal Yazdan , Noor Aslam
Published: December 2024

An investigation to find out performance of various cotton cultivars under local agro-ecological environment of Dera Ismail Khan was carried out at Cotton Research Station, D.I.Khan during the crop season 2020. Trial was laid out in RCB fashion having 3 repetitions. Data were collected on various yield and related attributes like plant height (cm), plant population (ha-1), No. of bolls plant-1, boll weight (g), seed cotton yield (kg ha-1) and ginning out turn (%). Statistical analysis revealed that different varieties depicted significant differences regarding yield and related attributes. Cotton cultivars differed significantly for lint production due to differences in number of bolls per plant, boll weight and height of plant. Based on these results it is concluded that FH-Lalazar was the most promising genotype producing yield (3444 kg ha-1), bolls plant-1 (35.33) and boll weight (2.58 g). The cultivar CIM-622 also depicted reasonable yield and its related parameters. It is thus recommended that cotton cultivars FH-Lalazar and CIM-622 should be cultivated to harvest good yield under the agro-ecological environment of Dera Ismail Khan
Investigation of predictability of cotton plant production area soil moisture and temperature values with SAR and optical satellite images
Authors: Kiliçaslan Serkan , Ekinci Remzi , Arslanoğlu Mehmet Cengiz
Published: December 2024

In the study carried out in 8 villages and 27 cotton parcels in the Artuklu and Kızıltepe Districts of Mardin Province, data logger devices were installed on the lands. These devices are programmed to record soil temperature and humidity values every 6 hours. The data collected from the data loggers were compared with the Landsat-8 and Sentinel-1 images used by pre-processing in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud environment, and the relationship between them was investigated by analyzing them. A significant and high correlation was found between soil moisture (TN) and Sentinel-1 values, VV (R2 = 0.67), VV-VH (R2 =0.65), and Landsat-8 SMI (R2 = 0.85) values. A significant and high correlation was found between soil temperature (TS) and the Sentinel-1 values of VV (R2 = 0.57), VV-VH (R2 =0.54), and Landsat-8 SMI (R2 = 0.75). In conclusion, it is recommended that the Sentinel-1 VV and VV-VH bands and the Landsat-8 SMI index could be used in soil moisture (TN) and soil temperature (TS) estimation studies, while the Landsat-8 LST band is recommended to be used in larger-scale land areas and regions
Characterization and functionality of Ligilactobacillus agilis 1003 isolated from chicken cecum against Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Yin Hai chang , Jiang Deng hao , Yu Tian fei , Jiang Xin jie , Liu Di
Published: December 2024

Lactic acid bacteria are widely regarded as safe alternatives to antibiotics in livestock and poultry farming and have probiotic potential. Ligilactobacillus agilis (L. agilis) is a prominent component of pigeon crop microbiota; however, its function is unknown. In this study, a strain of L. agilis 1003 from pigeon cecum was identified by combining whole genome sequencing and phenotypic analysis, and its safety and probiotic properties were studied. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the L. agilis 1003 genome length is 2.58 Mb, its average percent guanine-cytosine is 40.43%, and it encodes 1,757 protein-coding genes. Annotation of clusters of orthologous groups classified predicted proteins from the assembled genome as having cellular, metabolic, and information-related functions. A gene cluster associated with the synthesis of a broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound confirmed by antibacterial spectrum testing was identified using genome mining tools. Based on hemolysis test results, the strain was determined to be safe. This strain exhibited a high survival rate in the presence of bile salts and acidic conditions and a significant self-aggregation propensity and hydrophobicity. In vivo animal experiments showed that L. agilis 1003 exhibits probiotic and antibacterial effects and that the substances exerting antibacterial effects are organic acids. Metabolomics analysis revealed that L. agilis 1003 supernatant contained seven organic acids, including butyric acid. L. agilis 1003 showed good safety and probiotic potential in genomics, physiological biochemistry, and animal experiments, and could be considered a suitable candidate for promoting livestock and poultry health.
Alterations of the paired maternal vaginal microbiome and neonatal meconium microbiome in vulvovaginal candidiasis positive pregnant women
Authors: Zhang Hongqin , Li Hongping , Zhang Ruolin , Ji Lingxia , Chen Jun , Nie Chuan , Huang Weimin
Published: December 2024

Background

Women with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) are known to experience vaginal microbial dysbiosis. However, the dynamic alterations of the vaginal microbiome in pregnant women with VVC and its effect on neonatal gut microbiome remain unclear. This study aims to characterize the vaginal microbiome in pregnant women with VVC and its impact on their offspring’s meconium microbiome.

Methods

Forty-four pregnant women, including 17 with VVC (VVC group) and 27 healthy controls (HC group), along with their 44 offspring, were enrolled in this study. Maternal vaginal samples were collected during the pre- and post-delivery phases. Meconium samples from their newborns were also obtained. Microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results

The vaginal microbiome of healthy pregnant women was predominantly composed of the genus Lactobacillus. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index indicated significant alterations in the vaginal microbiome of the VVC group, with a notable decrease in Lactobacillus and significant increases in Delftia, Burkholderia during both the pre- and post-delivery phases compared to the HC group. Additionally, the neonatal meconium microbiome exhibited significant differences between the VVC and HC groups, with L. salivarius and L. helveticus significantly decreased and Delftia significantly increased in the VVC group. Similar trends in microbial variation were observed across maternal and neonatal microbiomes, indicating intergenerational concordance associated with VVC.

Conclusion

VVC alters the microbiota of both pregnant women and their neonates at birth, suggesting a form of microbial inheritance. These findings underscore the distinctive characteristics of the vaginal microbiome associated with VVC and its potential impact on the formation of early-life gut microbiome.
Immunoinflammatory markers SIRI and NAR as predictors of respiratory distress syndrome and secondary infections in premature infants
Authors: Chen Xuexin , Li Yuedong , Chen Hongxiang , Chen Weiming
Published: December 2024

Background

Premature infants are at high risk for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and secondary infections. This study aims to investigate the association between immunoinflammatory markers—the systemic immune inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and neutrophil-to-albumin ratio (NAR)—and the risk of developing RDS in premature infants.

Methods

A total of 2164 premature infants were enrolled in this retrospective study. The clinical records of these neonates (respiratory tract infections, adverse pregnancy history, placental abnormalities, birth weight, Apgar scores, and immunoinflammatory indices) were collected. Comparisons were made between infants with and without RDS. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between SII, SIRI, NAR and RDS.

Results

Among the cohort, 962 infants developed RDS, while 1202 did not. The RDS group showed higher proportions of mothers with adverse pregnancy history, placental abnormalities, birth weight <2.5 kg, and lower Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes (all p<0.05). SII, SIRI, and NAR levels were significantly elevated in RDS infants (p<0.05). Logistic regression revealed that adverse pregnancy history (OR: 1.390, p=0.001), placental abnormalities (OR: 2.499, p<0.001), birth weight <2.5 kg (OR: 4.165, p<0.001), high SIRI (OR: 1.338, p=0.035), and high NAR (OR: 1.639, p<0.001) were significant predictors of RDS. Additionally, secondary infections, particularly pneumonia and sepsis, were significantly more common in the RDS group (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Adverse pregnancy history, placental abnormalities, low birth weight, elevated SIRI and NAR were associated with increased risk of RDS and secondary infections in premature infants. These findings suggest that SIRI and NAR could serve as useful markers for early identification and management of RDS and its complications in this vulnerable population.
The epistemic judgement framework: a reflexive tool for physical education teachers’ professional development to support Quality Physical Education
Authors: Grecic D. , Sprake A. , Thomson A. , Christodoulides E. , Palmer C.
Published: December 2024

The need for Quality Physical Education to provide the many benefits the subject offers is well established. Unfortunately, in too many areas ineffective teaching and learning practices are limiting the profession’s response to children’s developmental needs. Many teachers’ professional development interventions are criticised as not enabling the required philosophical, and pedagogical shifts that are needed to improve practice and student outcomes. The paper presents a new integrated model, the Epistemic Judgement Framework to enhance this process. Epistemology offers an important lens by which to explore teacher beliefs and behaviors, however, existing research in this field is very specific in scope, which makes learning transfer difficult. To better explore this area a fuller appreciation of the bioecological environment in which teaching takes place as well as the Critical Realist view of the teaching world is introduced. The purpose of this article therefore is to propose a framework to guide teacher professional development to support the achievement of Quality Physical Education that merges environmental considerations and exploration of hidden influencers with epistemological research on teacher decision making and behavior. Practical applications for teacher professional learning utilizing the model and future directions are suggested.
The cellular and extracellular proteomic signature of human dopaminergic neurons carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation
Authors: Knab Felix , Guaitoli Giambattista , Jarboui Mohamed Ali , von Zweydorf Felix , Isik Fatma Busra , Klose Franziska , Rajkumar Anto Praveen , Gasser Thomas , Gloeckner Christian Johannes
Published: December 2024

Background

Extracellular vesicles are easily accessible in various biofluids and allow the assessment of disease-related changes in the proteome. This has made them a promising target for biomarker studies, especially in the field of neurodegeneration where access to diseased tissue is very limited. Genetic variants in the LRRK2 gene have been linked to both familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson’s disease. With LRRK2 inhibitors entering clinical trials, there is an unmet need for biomarkers that reflect LRRK2-specific pathology and target engagement.

Methods

In this study, we used induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a patient with Parkinson’s disease carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation and an isogenic gene-corrected control to generate human dopaminergic neurons. We isolated extracellular vesicles and neuronal cell lysates and characterized their proteomic signature using data-independent acquisition proteomics. Then, we performed differential expression analysis to identify dysregulated proteins in the mutated line. We used Metascape and gene ontology enrichment analysis on the dysregulated proteomes to identify changes in associated functional networks.

Results

We identified 595 significantly differentially regulated proteins in extracellular vesicles and 3,205 in cell lysates. We visualized functionally relevant protein–protein interaction networks and identified key regulators within the dysregulated proteomes. Using gene ontology, we found a close association with biological processes relevant to neurodegeneration and Parkinson’s disease. Finally, we focused on proteins that were dysregulated in both the extracellular and cellular proteomes. We provide a list of ten biomarker candidates that are functionally relevant to neurodegeneration and linked to LRRK2-associated pathology, for example, the sonic hedgehog signaling molecule, a protein that has tightly been linked to LRRK2-related disruption of cilia function.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we characterized the cellular and extracellular proteome of dopaminergic neurons carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation and proposed an experimentally based list of biomarker candidates for future studies.
Development and validation of a predicative model for identifying sarcopenia in Chinese adults using nutrition indicators (AHLC)
Authors: Zhao Xin , Yan Pengdong , Chen Ningxin , Han Tingting , Wang Bin , Hu Yaomin
Published: December 2024

Background

Sarcopenia, a condition characterized by low muscle mass, plays a critical role in the health of older adults. Early identification of individuals at risk is essential to prevent sarcopenia-related complications. This study aimed to develop a predictive model using readily available clinical nutrition indicators to facilitate early detection.

Methods

A total of 1,002 participants were categorized into two groups: 819 with normal skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and 183 with low muscle mass (sarcopenia). A predictive model was developed for sarcopenia risk via multivariate logistic regression, and its performance was assessed using four analyses: receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, decision curve analysis (DCA), a nomogram chart, and external validation. These methods were used to evaluate the model’s discriminative ability and clinical applicability.

Results

In the low-SMM group, more females (55.73% vs. 40.42%) and older individuals (median 61 vs. 55 years) were observed. These patients had lower albumin (41.00 vs. 42.50 g/L) and lymphocyte levels (1.60 vs. 2.02 × 109/L) but higher HDL (1.45 vs. 1.16 mmol/L) and calcium levels (2.24 vs. 2.20 mmol/L) (all p < 0.001). Using LASSO regression, we developed a nutritional AHLC (albumin + HDL cholesterol + lymphocytes + calcium) model for sarcopenia risk prediction. AUROC and DCA analyses, as well as nomogram charts and external validation, confirmed the robustness and clinical relevance of the AHLC model for predicting sarcopenia.

Conclusion

Our study employs serum nutrition indicators to aid clinicians in promoting healthier aging. The AHLC model stands out for weight-independent evaluations. This novel approach could assess sarcopenia risk in the Chinese population, thereby enhancing aging and quality of life.
Carbon reserves in coffee agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Vallejos-Torres Geomar , Gaona-Jimenez Nery , Pichis-García Roger , Ordoñez Luis , García-Gonzales Patricia , Quinteros Aníbal , Lozano Andi , Saavedra-Ramírez Jorge , Tuesta-Hidalgo Juan C. , Reategui Keneth , Macedo-Córdova Wilder , Baselly-Villanueva Juan R. , Marín César
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Secondary forests and coffee cultivation systems with shade trees might have great potential for carbon sequestration as a means of climate change adaptation and mitigation. This study aimed to measure carbon stocks in coffee plantations under different managements and secondary forest systems in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest (San Martín Region).

Methods

The carbon stock in secondary forest trees was estimated using allometric equations, while carbon stocks in soil, herbaceous biomass, and leaf litter were determined through sampling and laboratory analysis.

Results

The biomass carbon stock in secondary forests was 132.2 t/ha, while in coffee plantations with Inga sp. shade trees was 118.2 t/ha. Carbon stocks were 76.5 t/ha in coffee with polyculture farming, while the lowest amount of carbon was found in coffee without shade trees (31.1 t/ha). The carbon sequestered by coffee plants in all agroforestry systems examined had an average of 2.65 t/ha, corresponding to 4.63 % of the total carbon sequestered, being the highest stored in the coffee system with Inga sp. shade trees. A higher content of glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) was found in coffee without shade trees, with 18.5 mg/g.

Discussion

These results point to Inga sp. as a compatible model of shade system for coffee farms. However, broader-scale time-average measurements and carbon dioxide emissions should be assessed in these study systems to have a full understanding of their climate impacts.
“I Am Not Just a Prisoner”: the effects of social identification on well-being in Italy
Authors: Mosso Cristina O. , Caldera Alessandra , Re Camilla
Published: December 2024

Recent research on social cures has posited that one’s social identity associated with group membership can promote adjustment and affect well-being, especially for vulnerable individuals. In this study, we argue that, although the negative consequences of group-based stigma affect prisoners’ well-being, having multiple social identities can protect them and mitigate the detrimental effects of stigma. The results of this cross-sectional study reveal that group identification with prisoners (N = 52) was negatively associated with well-being and anticipated discrimination. In contrast, education was positively associated with self-regulation and life satisfaction. Group identification with prisoners threatens self-regulation when the salience is controlled. We discuss the significance of our findings in the context of stigma and resocialization.
Internet- and mobile-based aftercare and relapse prevention interventions for anxiety and depressive disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Petre Ligiana Mihaela , Piepiora Paweł Adam , Gemescu Maria , Gheorghe Delia Alexandra
Published: December 2024

Background

Digital interventions present potential solutions for aftercare and relapse prevention in anxiety and depressive disorders. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the efficacy of internet- and mobile-based interventions for post-acute care in these conditions.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PsycEXTRA, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Open, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, and Open Grey) for randomized controlled trials evaluating digital aftercare or relapse prevention interventions for adults with anxiety or depressive disorders. Primary outcomes included symptom severity, relapse rates, recurrence rates, and rehospitalization. Secondary outcomes included general quality of life and adherence to primary treatment. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool.

Results

Nineteen studies (3,206 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based approaches, and supportive text messaging. Most studies focused on depression, with limited evidence for anxiety disorders. Notably, fourteen studies that reported on depressive symptoms demonstrated significant improvements following digital interventions, with effect sizes ranging from small (Cohen’s d = 0.20) to large (Cohen’s d = 0.80). Five studies investigated relapse or recurrence rates, yielding mixed results. Adherence rates varied significantly across studies, ranging from 50 to 92.3%, highlighting the variability in participant engagement. Methodological quality was also variable, with allocation concealment and blinding being common limitations.

Conclusion

Internet- and mobile-based interventions show promise for aftercare and relapse prevention in depression, with limited evidence for anxiety disorders. Future research should focus on optimizing engagement, personalizing interventions, standardizing outcome measures, and conducting larger trials with longer follow-up periods. These findings have important implications for integrating digital tools into existing care pathways to improve long-term outcomes for individuals with anxiety and depressive disorders.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020151336, CRD42020151336.
Psychometric evaluation of the abbreviated Hungarian Faking Orgasm Scale for Women
Authors: Csányi Edit , Basler Julia , Bereczkei Tamás , Meskó Norbert
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The Faking Orgasm Scale for Women (FOS) was developed to explore the motivations behind women’s self-reported instances of faking orgasm during oral sex and sexual intercourse. In a recent study, a Hungarian version of the FOS was developed, confirming the same factor structure as the original American version, consisting of four factors across two subscales.

Methods

The current study aimed to develop and validate a brief Hungarian FOS. Factor analysis was conducted with data from 2220 women (mean age = 24.4, SD = 7.48 years). The Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis indicated that retaining four-four scales, each comprising of three items was the optimal solution for the revised shorter version. Validation involved 768 women (mean age = 22.6, SD = 4.54 years) completing a questionnaire package, including the Hungarian Short Form of Reasons for Having Sex Questionnaire (YSEX?-HSF) and Women’s Sexual Working Models Scale (WSWMS).

Results

The results suggest that the Hungarian 24-item FOS, with its four scales within each of the two sub-scales, provides a reliable and valid measurement of motives for faking orgasm in women. The different reasons behind faking orgasm are associated with different sexual working patterns and sexual motivations. Furthermore, women who reported faking orgasms reported significantly higher levels of sexual distancing and perceived lower care from their partners compared to women who reported not faking orgasms. Women who reported faking orgasm were also more likely to engage in sexual activities to attain personal goals and cope with emotional stress.

Discussion

The FOS-24 offers both practitioners and researchers a concise and useful instrument for the assessment of faking orgasms.
Prevalence of falls and associations with family functioning among community-dwelling older adults in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Sun Si-Yu , Wang Zhi-Wei , Peng Zhi-Li , Yuan Le-Xin , Yang Wen-Hao , Zhang Wen-Jian , Chen Jia-Min , Lin Wei-Quan , Zhu Wei
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Falls are the primary cause of unintentional fatalities among individuals aged 65 and older. Enhancing research on fall prevention among older adults is an urgent priority. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of falls among community-dwelling older adults in Guangzhou, China, with a particular emphasis on the impact of family functioning.

Methods

We used a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling technique to successfully survey 2,399 individuals aged 65 and above across 11 districts in Guangzhou City. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, health and lifestyle factors, and fall incidents were collected through telephone interviews. Chi-square tests, Lasso regression, and logistic regression were utilized to pinpoint fall risk factors. Association rule mining uncovered the relationships between falls and associated variables.

Results

A total of 390 participants reported experiencing falls, the prevalence of falls among older adults was 16.3% (95%CI: 14.82% ~ 17.78%). Logistic regression analysis identified several risk factors for falls among older adults: female [OR = 1.511, 95%CI (1.188–1.922)], age 85 years and older [OR = 2.332, 95%CI (1.447–3.758)], stroke [OR = 1.821, 95%CI (1.038–3.192)], hypoglycemia [OR = 1.639, 95%CI (1.228–2.186)], visual impairment [OR = 1.418, 95%CI (1.097–1.833)], need to be cared for [OR = 1.722, 95%CI (1.339–2.215)], chronic pain [OR = 1.663, 95%CI (1.302–2.124)], and anxiety [OR = 1.725, 95%CI (1.243–2.395)]. In addition, it was shown that a well-functioning family was a protective factor against falls [OR = 0.589, 95%CI (0.44–0.789)].

Conclusion

The prevalence of falls among community-dwelling older adults in Guangzhou City was high, and the influencing factors were complex. It is recommended to develop and implement comprehensive intervention measures for high-risk groups, including those who are females, older adults, and suffer from chronic diseases while paying special attention to the care of family members for older adults.
Behavioral and social predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among persons with disabilities in Kenya
Authors: Muchangi Josphat Martin , Moraro Rogers , Omogi Jarim , Alasmari Abrar , Simiyu Sheillah , Bolio Ana , Kanyangi Lennah , Mwema Rehema , Bukania Rose , Kosgei Sarah
Published: December 2024

Access and uptake of COVID-19 vaccine by persons with disabilities remains largely unknown in low-and middle-income countries, despite the unique barriers they face, their special vulnerabilities and higher risk to severe outcomes. We aimed to identify behavioral and social predictors of COVID-19 uptake among persons with disability in Kenya. A convergent parallel mixed method study design was conducted among 792 persons with disability in four regions (counties) in Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to identify the respondents from the National Council for Persons with Disabilities Registration database. Quantitative data were analyzed using STATA statistical analysis software (version 14). Chi-square (X2) and Fisher's exact tests were used to test for differences in categorical variables; and multivariate regression analysis done to ascertain the factors that influence the uptake of COVID-19 among persons with disabilities in Kenya. Qualitative data from 7 Focus Group Discussions and 4 Key Informant Interviews were transcribed and themes developed using the Behavioral and Social Drivers of vaccination framework by the World Health Organization. Approximately 59% of persons with disabilities reported to be fully vaccinated with significant disparities noted among those with cognition (34.2%) and self-care (36.6%) impairments. Key predictors of vaccine uptake included confidence in vaccine benefits (Odds ratio [OR]; 11.3, 95% CI[5.2–24.2]), health worker recommendation (OR; 2.6 [1.8–3.7]), employment (OR; 2.1 [1.4–3.1]), perceived risk (OR; 2.0 [1.3–3.1]), age 18–24 years (OR; 0.18 [0.09–0.36]), and rural area of residence (OR; 0.48 [0.29–0.79]). The primary reasons for low uptake included perceived negative vaccine effects and lack of adequate information. Qualitative findings revealed unique motivations for vaccination among persons with disabilities (PWDs), including safeguarding against risks from assistive devices and the influence of political leaders. Barriers included perceived vaccine effects, transportation challenges, and limited access to trusted information, highlighting the need for targeted sensitization, improved healthcare worker engagement, and collaboration with PWD organizations. Subsequent vaccination deployments should map and reach people in all disability domains through relevant institutions of PWDs and localized vaccination campaigns. Related communication strategies should leverage the credibility and trust in health workers and behavior change techniques that inspire confidence in vaccines to improve vaccine uptake.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly postcardiac surgery patients: progress in rehabilitation application research
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Rong , Li Yang-Zheng , Wu Xiao-Qing , Chen Wen-Jun , Xu Jian , Zhao Wei-Hua , Gong Xiao-Yan
Published: December 2024

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a prevalent complication of the central nervous system in elderly patients following cardiac surgery. This review aims to provide an overview of the etiology, risk factors, diagnostic assessment, and rehabilitation strategies for cognitive dysfunction occurring after cardiac surgery. The pathogenesis of POCD after cardiac surgery includes cerebral microembolism, neuroinflammation, and cryptogenic strokes. Risk factors are associated with advanced age, diminished preoperative cognitive status, and anesthesia. Cognitive function screening tools used for pre- and postoperative assessments can detect changes in patients’ cognitive levels in a timely manner. The timely provision of appropriate rehabilitation methods, including cognitive function training, exercise training, transcranial direct current stimulation, and perioperative acupuncture, is crucial, with emerging technologies such as virtual reality playing an increasingly significant role. In conclusion, POCD is a common postoperative complication in elderly cardiac surgery patients, with age and reduced preoperative cognitive function being the primary risk factors. A comprehensive rehabilitation strategy can more effectively address postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients.
The Australian fish chorus catalogue (2005–2023)
Authors: Hawkins Lauren Amy , Erbe Christine , Becker Alistair , Browne Ciara E. , McCordic Jessica , McWiliam Jamie , Parnum Iain M. , Parsons Miles James , Rivero Natalie , Ward Rhianne , White-Kiely Dylan , McCauley Robert D.
Published: December 2024

Biological sources are significant contributors to aquatic soundscapes. Soniferous fish can dominate the soundscape in certain locations, at specific times and frequencies, particularly during the production of choruses. Passive acoustic monitoring of fish choruses can provide important ecological information about soniferous fish populations. This study presents the Australian Fish Chorus Catalogue, an inventory of fish choruses detected from 83 locations in Australian estuarine and marine waters. The Australian Fish Chorus Catalogue contains data on fish chorus occurrence and the spectral and temporal measurements, spectrographic images, and audio examples of 301 fish choruses. This catalogue has been developed to establish the foundations of an ongoing effort to document, quantify, compare, and track Australian fish choruses. We hope this open-access data depository will be used as a reference for future research and will facilitate an increase in understanding of fish choruses, which can then be applied to the monitoring and management of fish populations and their respective ecosystems.
Fumagillin Shortage: How to Treat Enterocytozoon bieneusi Microsporidiosis in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in 2024?
Authors: Garrouste Cyril , Poirier Philippe , Uro-Coste Charlotte , Iriart Xavier , Kamar Nassim , Bonhomme Julie , Calvar Eve , Le Gal Solène , Lanfranco Luca , Autier Brice , Rakoff Lucien , Durieux Marie-Fleur , Danthu Clément , Morio Florent , Deltombe Clément , Moreno-Sabater Alicia , Ouali Nacera , Costa Damien , Bertrand Dominique , Chesnay Adélaïde , Gatault Philippe , Rabodonirina Meja , Morelon Emmanuel , Dumortier Jérôme , Sitterlé Emilie , Scemla Anne , Hamane Samia , Cachera Laurène , Damiani Céline , Poulain Coralie , L’Ollivier Coralie , Moal Valérie , Delhaes Laurence , Kaminski Hannah , Cateau Estelle , Ecotière Laure , Brunet Julie , Caillard Sophie , Valot Stéphane , Tinel Claire , Argy Nicolas , Raimbourg Quentin , Robert Marie Gladys , Noble Johan , Boignard Aude , Botterel Françoise , Matignon Marie , Bellanger Anne-Pauline , Crépin Thomas , Leroy Jordan , Lionet Arnaud , Debourgogne Anne , Nicolas Muriel , Claudéon Joëlle , Moniot Maxime , Lambert Céline , Nourrisson Céline
Published: December 2024

Intestinal microsporidiosis caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an opportunistic infection that especially affects solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Management revolves around tapering the immunosuppressive regimen and/or using a specific anti-microsporidia treatment, but only fumagillin has demonstrated efficacy for treatment of this infection. Since fumagillin has been commercially discontinued, nitazoxanide is increasingly being used in this indication. We aimed to describe therapeutic management of E. bieneusi infections in this context. We conducted a French nationwide observational retrospective study on reported cases of E. bieneusi infections in SOT recipients. We identified 154 cases: 64 (41.6%) were managed by simply modifying the immunosuppressive regimen, 54 (35.1%) were given fumagillin, and 36 (23.4%) were given nitazoxanide. Clinical remission rate ranged from 77.8% to 90.7% and was not significantly different between therapeutic strategies but tended to be lower with nitazoxanide. Stool negativization rate was highest with fumagillin (91.7%) and lowest with nitazoxanide (28.6%). Relapses occurred in 6.9% of cases and were more frequent with nitazoxanide (14.3%). This study shows that tapering immunosuppression can result in a satisfactory remission rate but is sometimes accompanied by relapses. Nitazoxanide had limited effectiveness, whereas fumagillin had good results that provide a solid rationale for bringing fumagillin back to market.

Trial Registration Number

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05417815.
Toxicology results of bile samples: Are they valuable in determining the cause of death?
Authors: Sadeghi Sajjad , Amini Sheis
Published: December 2024

Background: Various samples are taken from a deceased body for toxicological analysis, with the number of samples varying based on the individual's background, to determine the cause of death. The primary objective is to ascertain the connection between the toxicology findings from bile and other samples in determining the cause of death.

Method: In a descriptive and cross-sectional study, two methods were utilized: high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Result and conclusion: The findings indicate that the toxicology results from bile were either similar to the other main samples or different. In a few cases, there were varied results that were not related to the cause of death. The study used highly sensitive analytical methods such as GC‒MS and HPLC, and qualitative results from toxicology labs in legal medicine. These results suggest that toxicology results from bile samples are not considered crucial in determining causes of death. They play a minor role and are typically only examined when blood samples are not available.
Stability and Control During Vertical Take-Off and Landing: The Impact of Aerodynamics
Authors: Afilipoae Tudorel-Petronel , Simplicio Pedro , Bennani Samir , Strauch Hans
Published: December 2024

Under the European Space Agency (ESA) support, INCAS has taken the initiative to develop an Ascent and Descent Autonomous Maneuverable Platform (ADAMP) which will serve as an in-flight testing platform for reusable space technologies. This paper is focusing on activities aimed at assessing the robustness of the control system of the ADAMP in the presence of aerodynamic disturbances, with an emphasis on stability and disturbance rejection. Considering the ADAMP’s inherent aerodynamic instability, the way aerodynamic forces and moments are incorporated in the control design formulation plays a critical role in the effectiveness of the adopted control solution in the presence of wind gusts and potential interaction with sloshing modes. To showcase these phenomena, two alternative control design methodologies are employed in the paper: the baseline strategy relies on robust self-scheduled structured H-Infinity optimization, while the second approach is based on nonlinear sliding mode theory. Different structured H-Infinity controllers are designed and analyzed in the frequency domain, providing a clear understanding of the impact of the aerodynamic effects in terms of stability margin degradation. These controllers are then thoroughly compared with the sliding mode alternative via nonlinear worst-case simulation of typical ascent and descent flights in the presence of strong wind gusts.