bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vector Control and Foliar Nutrition on the Quality of Orange Juice Affected by Huanglongbing: Sensory Evaluation
Authors: Plotto Anne , Baldwin Elizabeth , Bai Jinhe , Manthey John , Raithore Smita , Deterre Sophie , Zhao Wei , do Nascimento Nunes Cecilia , Stansly Philip A. , Tansey James A.
Published: September 2017

A 3-year study was undertaken to establish the effect of field nutritional sprays, combined with insecticide treatments or not against Asian Citrus psyllid, on the fruit quality of ‘Valencia’ orange trees affected by the greening disease Huanglongbing (HLB). Four replicated plots were harvested, juiced, and pasteurized. Nine to twelve trained panelists evaluated the juice using seven flavor, five taste, four mouthfeel and three aftertaste descriptors. There was little difference between treatments in 2013; only orange peel flavor and bitterness were significantly lower for the insecticide treatment. In 2014, positive attributes, such as orange and fruity flavor, sweetness and mouthfeel body, were significantly higher in the insecticide treatment. Sourness was highest in untreated control, and there were no differences between treatments for bitterness. In 2015, negative attributes, such as grapefruit, orange peel and typical HLB flavor, sourness, bitterness, and astringency, were significantly higher in untreated control fruit, suggesting perhaps that the beneficial effect of nutritional and insecticide treatments was cumulative, only manifesting on the 3rd year of the study, and or because of the progression of the disease affecting untreated controls. Data are discussed in relation to juice chemical composition, including volatiles, sugars, acids, limonoids, and flavonoids, adding to the fundamental knowledge concerning chemical drivers of orange flavor.
Systems of Pruning on Jigacho (Vasconcellea stipulata Badillo) under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Velázquez-Martí Borja , Castillo Marco , Rodríguez Fidel , López-Cortés Isabel , Alcivar-Bastidas Stefany
Published: September 2017

Vasconcellea stipulata Badillo is a fruit tree native of the temperate areas of the Andes valleys, found between 2000 and 2600 m above sea level. The good organoleptic qualities and few seeds of its fruit, compared with those of other Caricas, give it a high potential in markets. The development of this crop would allow the economic development of small-scale farmers and contribute to the preservation of genetic resources native to the Andean region. However, there are few studies concerning its appropriate cultivation. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of different pruning techniques under greenhouse conditions. Trees were pruned to one, two, or three axes, or not pruned (control). The experiment was performed in a tunnel greenhouse with polyethylene cover, located 2950 m above sea level in Querochaca (Ecuador), with an annual rainfall of 465 mm and an average annual temperature of 12.9 °C. The duration of each stage of development was recorded. The number of flower clusters, number of flowers, production, incidence of diseases, and weight and size of fruit were recorded. Cuttings took over 90 days for getting before being transplanted into the greenhouse. Flowering began 283 days (40 weeks) after transplantation; fruit set began at 30 days after flowering (44 weeks after transplant); and the fruit started to mature 170 days after fruit set (69 weeks after transplant). The plants pruned to three axes had the greatest number of flowers and fruits and the greatest production, with an average 54 fruits per tree. Pruning had no effect on fruit dimensions.
Efficiency of Cryoprotectants for In Vitro and Ex Vitro Germination of Cryopreserved Jatropha curcas Seeds
Authors: Bosco de Oliveira Alexandre , Vendrame Wagner A. , Londe Luciana Cardoso Nogueira
Published: September 2017

To investigate the effects of different cryoprotectants on germination and seedling development of jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) seeds after cryopreservation, two experiments were performed under in vitro and ex vitro conditions. Nine treatments were used for both experiments, as follows: T1—No cryoprotectants (control); T2—glycerol 2 m (20 minutes); T3—sucrose 0.4 m (20 minutes); T4—glycerol 2 m (20 minutes) + PVS2 (10 minutes); T5—glycerol 2 m (20 minutes) + PVS2 + phloroglucinol 1% (10 minutes); T6—sucrose 0.4 m (20 minutes) + PVS2 (10 minutes); T7—sucrose 0.4 m (20 minutes) + PVS2 + phloroglucinol 1% (10 minutes); T8—glycerol 2 m (20 minutes) + sucrose 0.4 m (20 minutes) + PVS2 (10 minutes); and T9—glycerol 2 m (20 minutes) + sucrose 0.4 m (20 minutes) + PVS2 (10 minutes) + phloroglucinol 1% (10 minutes). After cryopreservation, seeds without cryoprotectants (T1) or with sucrose 0.4 m + PVS2 (T6) returned the best germination percentages after seven days of in vitro culture, 29.5% and 25%, respectively. However, they were not significantly different. For the ex vitro experiment, seed germination percentage was higher in organic substrate. These results indicate that cryopreservation of jatropha seeds can be accomplished without cryoprotectants, and faster germination is obtained in organic substrate.
Relationships between Ear‐Leaf Nutrient Concentrations at Silking and Corn Biomass and Grain Yields at Maturity
Authors: Kovács Péter , Vyn Tony J.
Published: September 2017

Ear‐leaf nutrient concentrations at silking correlated strongly with corn grain yield.

Ear‐leaf nutrient concentrations at silking correlated strongly with whole‐plant biomass.

Ear‐leaf N, P, S, Cu, and Fe concentrations explained most of the grain yield variation.

State recommendations for certain minimum nutrient concentrations may need adjustment.

Historically, corn (Zea mays L.) ear‐leaf N concentrations at mid‐silking have been positively correlated with grain yield (GY). Many state and regional fertilizer recommendations provide “nutrient sufficiency ranges” or threshold nutrient concentrations for N and other nutrients in ear leaves sampled at silk emergence, but these are based on studies conducted decades ago with much lower yielding hybrids grown at lower plant densities. In response to this potential knowledge gap, we collected corn ear‐leaf samples at mid‐silking in field studies conducted near West Lafayette, IN, from 2010 to 2016. These field studies involved comparisons of multiple hybrids, plant densities or tillage systems for their response to nutrient management alternatives (e.g., macronutrient rates, placement, and timing). The ear‐leaf samples were analyzed for nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, B, and Al), and each plot's nutrient concentration data were subjected to regression analysis to evaluate their relationship with plot level dry matter (DM) accumulation and GY responses. Variation in ear‐leaf N, P, S, and Cu concentrations explained >50%, while Fe explained >40%, of the variation in both GY and DM. These nutrients (N, P, S, Cu, and Fe) were also positively correlated with each other (Pearson r ranged from 0.46–0.89). However, ratios of ear‐leaf nutrient concentrations at silking consistently explained less of the GY variation than single nutrient concentrations. The overall relationships of ear‐leaf nutrient concentrations with GY suggests revisions in state recommendations for ear‐leaf “nutrient sufficiency” may be warranted for some nutrients.
Pre‐Plant Nitrogen Fertilizer Uptake and Partitioning in Furrow‐Irrigated Corn
Authors: Greub Chester E. , Roberts Trenton L. , Slaton Nathan A. , Kelley Jason P.
Published: September 2017

Pre‐plant N rate and application method displayed no significant influence on end‐of‐season corn total N uptake when adequate N is applied in‐season.

Approximately 75% of the pre‐plant N that was recovred in the corn plant at maturity was taken up after the V6 growth stage.

Results indicate that about 60 to 85% of pre‐plant fertilizer N applied to corn was not recovered by the plant, indicating a low recovery of pre‐plant N fertilizer in furrow‐irrigated mid‐South corn.

Nitrogen fertilizer is routinely required to produce maximum corn (Zea mays L.) yield in the mid‐South. Two field experiments were established to evaluate the fertilizer‐N recovery and partitioning of 15N‐labeled urea applied pre‐plant to furrow‐irrigated corn at the R6 growth stage. Pre‐plant 15N‐labeled fertilizer was applied at rates of 0, 34, 67, and 100 kg N ha−1 using application methods including an incorporated, surface broadcast, and water‐furrow application. Additional non‐labeled N was applied in‐season at the V6 growth stage so that the season‐total N fertilizer rate applied in all treatments receiving N was equal to 270 kg N ha−1. The mass fertilizer‐nitrogen recovery (MFNR) and Δ MFNR increased as pre‐plant N rate increased in both years. Pre‐plant N rate and application method displayed no significant influence on total‐nitrogen (TN) uptake when additional N was applied in‐season. Fertilizer‐N recovery efficiency (FNRE) of pre‐plant N ranged from 14.8 to 39.9%. Of the MFNR of pre‐plant N at maturity, 75% was taken up by the corn after the V6 growth stage. The 67 kg N ha−1 application rate of pre‐plant N was the lowest N rate that simultaneously maximized yield and FNRE both years. Pre‐plant N fertilizer that was applied broadcast or incorporated resulted in the greatest yield, percent TN in the grain, and percent MFNR in the grain at maturity in both years. Producers are encouraged to incorporate or broadcast 67 kg N ha−1 or less pre‐plant for furrow‐irrigated corn when additional N is applied in‐season.
Lead Speciation and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Compost‐Amended Urban Garden Soils
Authors: Attanayake Chammi P. , Hettiarachchi Ganga M. , Ma Qing , Pierzynski Gary M. , Ransom Michel D.
Published: September 2017

In situ soil amendments can modify the Pb bioavailability by changing soil Pb speciation. Urban soils from three vegetable gardens containing different total Pb concentrations were used. The study evaluated how compost amendment and aging of soil‐compost mixture in situ affected the following: (i) soil Pb speciation in the field and (ii) change of soil Pb speciation during an in vitro bioaccessibility extraction mimicking gastric phase dissolution at pH 2.5. X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy was used to determine Pb speciation in amended and nonamended soils and residues left after in vitro bioaccessibility extraction of those soils. Compost amendment and aging of compost in the field had a negligible effect on Pb bioaccessibility in the soils. Major Pb species in the soils were Pb sorbed to Fe oxy(hydr)oxide (Pb‐Fh) and to soil organic C (Pb‐Org). The fraction of Pb‐Org was increased as soil‐compost mixture aged in the field. During the in vitro extraction, the fraction of Pb‐Fh was decreased, the fraction of Pb‐Org was increased, and hydroxypyromorphite was formed in both amended and nonamended soils. Freshly incorporated compost enhanced the dissolution of Pb‐Fh during the extraction. As soil‐compost mixture aged in the field, the dissolution of Pb‐Fh was low, demonstrating more stability of the Pb‐Fh during the extraction. Compost amendment showed potential to contribute to reduced bioaccessibility of Pb as compost aged in the soil by increasing Pb‐Org fraction in the field and stability of Pb‐Fh during the in vitro bioaccessibility extraction.

Core Ideas

The dominant Pb species in the tested urban soils were Pb‐Fh and Pb‐Org.

The fraction of Pb‐Org was increased as soil‐compost mixture aged.

During the in vitro extraction, Pb‐Fh was dissolved, and Pb‐Org and HP were formed.

aged soil‐compost mixture reduced pb‐fh dissolution during the in vitro extraction.
The Forchheimer Approach for Soil Air Permeability Measurement
Authors: Schjønning Per , Koppelgaard Michael
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas

We developed an apparatus with automatic registration of flow (Q) and pressure (ΔP).

A curvilinear Q–ΔP relation was found for seven of eight soil samples tested.

Ignoring non‐linear pressure loss gave permeability errors up to 65% at ΔP=100 Pa.

We suggest an index for pore tortuosity based on the non‐linear Q–ΔP relation.

Air permeability affects a range of soil functions and is useful in the quantification of soil pore characteristics. Measurements of air flow used to quantify air permeability are mostly performed at a fixed pressure difference, assuming a linear relation between flow and pressure. However, evidence exists that nonlinear pressure losses may occur even at low pressure gradients. We constructed an apparatus that allows automatic measurement of air flow at a range of pressures. The new methodology was applied to eight soil samples deriving from a loamy, Stagnic luvisol. Three artificial cores were also tested: a solid cylinder of plastic with drilled, vertical holes; a cylinder of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), and an AAC cylinder with drilled holes. The historical Forchheimer approach, including a polynomial regression of flow–pressure data, was applied to derive the true Darcian flow based on the coefficient to the linear part of the relation. Flow‐pressure data appeared to be curvilinear for all test specimens, except for one of the soil samples. The results showed up to 65% errors in estimates of air permeability if the nonlinear pressure losses were ignored when applying a pressure difference as low as 100 Pa. Our results strongly suggest use of the Forchheimer approach based on measurements of flow and pressure difference at a range of air pressures. We suggest an index for soil pore tortuosity, which appears to reflect the pore characteristics of the artificial samples tested. More studies are needed to evaluate the applicability of the index for soil samples.
Mengungkap Landasan Filosofis Keilmuan Bimbingan Konseling Islam
Authors: Komarudin K
Published: September 2017

This article examines the philosophical foundations of Islamic counseling guidance. Any scientific discipline produced by ijtihadi process must be historical. Therefore, the scientific status of a science is no longer placed parallel to the sacred doctrine, so it is taken for granted. Similarly, the existence of Islamic counseling guidance should not be placed higher above other counseling theories, or other scientific disciplines of counseling. Counseling process that is part of humanitarian activities, if used as one of the objects of scientific studies, should give birth to a scientific discipline that is historical. The right approach, therefore, appropriate for the study of it, would be more humanistic-transcendental rather than transcendental-theological. Based on the ontological studies, there is no significant ontological difference between Islamic counseling and other counseling disciplines. Both are only distinguished from the aspect of counselor status and spirit of morality that is used as paying counseling activities.

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Artikel ini mengkaji tentang landasan filosofis keilmuan bimbingan konseling Islam. Setiap disiplin keilmuan dihasilkan berdasarkan proses ijtihadi pasti bersifat histories. Oleh karena itu, status keilmuan suatu ilmu tidak lagi harus ditempatkan sejajar dengan doktrin suci, sehingga bersifat taken for granted. Begitu pula dengan keberadaan bimbingan konseling Islam, sudah sepantasnya tidak ditempatkan lebih tinggi di atas teori-teori konseling yang lain, atau disiplin-disiplin keilmuan konseling lainnya. Proses konseling yang merupakan bagian dari aktifitas kemanusiaan, bila dijadikan sebagai salah satu obyek kajian keilmuan, seharusnya melahirkan suatu disiplin keilmuan yang bersifat histories. Oleh karena itu, pendekatan yang semestinya tepat untuk kajian mengenai hal itu lebih cocok bersifat humanistic-transendental, ketimbang teologis-transendental. Berdasarkan kajian ontologisnya, antara konseling Islam dengan disiplin konseling lainnya, tidak memiliki perbedaan landasan ontologis yang signifikan. Di antara keduanya hanya dibedakan dari aspek status konselornya dan spirit moralitas yang dijadikan sebagai paying aktifitas konseling.
KEKERASAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA: Perspektif Sosio-Budaya, Hukum, dan Agama
Authors: Muhajarah Kurnia
Published: September 2017

Kekerasan terhadap perempuan dalam rumah tangga banyak terjadi, sedangkan sistem hukum di Indonesiabelum menjamin perlindungan terhadap korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Kekerasan dipahami tidak hanya berkaitan dengan penggunaan fisik tetapi terkait dengan tekanan emosional dan psikis. Kekerasan tidak terjadi secara spon­tanitas, namun memiliki sebab-sebab tertentu yang mendorong laki-laki berbuat kekerasan terhadap perempuan (istri) yang secara umum penyebab kekerasan tersebut dapat diidentifikasi karena faktor gen­der dan patriarki, relasi kuasa yang timpang, dan role modeling (perilaku hasil meniru). Gagasan pemukulan merupakan hak yang ada bagi laki-laki tentunya kontradiksi dengan cita-cita al-Qur’an tentang hubungan suami-isteri yang harusnya kompak dan saling mendukung. Hal ini juga berkebalikan dengan aturan Quran yang mana laki-laki dan perempuan boleh membubarkan pernikahan yang gagal, sehingga akan mengesampingkan gagasan bahwa perempuan memiliki tugas dan kewajiban untuk tunduk kepada kekerasan.
Enhanced degradation of micropollutants by zero-valent aluminum activated persulfate: assessment of toxicity and genotoxic activity
Authors: Olmez-Hanci T. , Arslan-Alaton I. , Doğan M. , Khoei S. , Fakhri H. , Korkmaz G.
Published: September 2017

Advanced oxidation of the aqueous Triton™ X-45 (TX-45), iopamidol (IOPA), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and bisphenol A (BPA) solutions via activation of persulfate (PS) with zero-valent aluminum (ZVA) was investigated. The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the PS/ZVA process in terms of target micropollutants (MPs) and toxicity abatements in raw surface water (RSW) and distilled water (DW). TX-45, CIP and BPA were completely degraded after 90-minute, 120-minute and 40-minute treatment, respectively, with PS/ZVA in DW, whereas 95% IOPA removal was achieved after 120-minute (MPs = 2 mg/L; ZVA = 1 g/L; PS = 0.25 mM for CIP and BPA; PS = 0.50 mM for TX-45 and IOPA; pH = 3). TX-45 (59%), IOPA (29%), CIP (73%) and BPA (46%) removal efficiencies decreased after 120-minute PS/ZVA treatment in RSW. In DW, Vibrio fischeri toxicities of original (untreated) MPs were found as: CIP (51%) > BPA (40%) > TX-45 (15%) > IOPA (1%), and as BPA (100%) > CIP (66%) > IOPA (62%) > TX-45 (35%) in RSW. Acute toxicities of MPs and their degradation products fluctuated during PS/ZVA treatment both in DW and RSW samples and resulted in different relative inhibition values after 120-minute. The original and PS/ZVA-treated TX-45, IOPA and BPA in DW exhibited neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic effects, whereas CIP oxidation ended up in degradation products with genotoxic effects.
Conventional Versus Accelerated Collagen Cross-Linking for Keratoconus: A Comparison of Visual, Refractive, Topographic and Biomechanical Outcomes
Authors: Woo Jyh Haur , Iyer Jayant Venkatramani , Lim Li , Hla M Htoon , Mehta Jodhbir S , Chan Cordelia ML , Tan Donald TH
Published: September 2017

Objective:

The aim was to compare the visual, refractive, topographic and biomechanical outcomes in patients with progressive keratoconus treated with either conventional or accelerated crosslinking at one year follow up.

Methods:

It is a prospective, non-randomised interventional study of 76 patients who underwent conventional (CXL; 3mW/cm2 for 30 minutes) or accelerated cross linking (KXL; 30mW/cm2 for 4 minutes) for progressive keratoconus. Baseline and postoperative visual acuity, manifest refraction, corneal topography, pachymetry, endothelial cell density and biomechanical parameters of corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor were evaluated and compared.

Results:

The 2 groups were comparable in terms of uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity and spherical equivalent. Both groups showed no significant increase in K1, K2 and Kmean from baseline at 12 months. There was also no difference between the CXL and KXL group for postoperative corneal topography as well as central and minimal pachymetry up to 12 months. There was a significant increase in both corneal hysteresis (0.62mm Hg, P=0.04) and corneal resistance factor (0.91mm Hg, P=0.003) in the KXL group at 12 months but not in the CXL group. There was no significant endothelial cell loss throughout follow up in both the groups.

Conclusion:

We have established comparability of the 2 protocols in stabilizing the progression of keratoconus. Our findings also suggested an added biomechanical advantage of accelerated crosslinking at 1 year follow up.
Examining Microstructural White Matter in Active Duty Soldiers with a History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Traumatic Stress
Authors: Dretsch Michael N. , Lange Rael T. , Katz Jeffery S. , Goodman Adam , Daniel Thomas A. , Deshpande Gopikrishna , Denney Thomas S. , Iverson Grant L. , Robinson Jennifer L.
Published: September 2017

Background:

There is a high comorbidity of posttraumatic stress (PTS) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), with largely overlapping symptomatology, in military service members.

Objective:

To examine white matter integrity associated with PTS and mTBI as assessed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Method:

Seventy-four active-duty U.S. soldiers with PTS (n = 16) and PTS with co-morbid history of mTBI (PTS/mTBI; n = 28) were compared to a military control group (n = 30). Participants received a battery of neurocognitive and clinical symptom measures. The number of abnormal DTI values was determined (>2 SDs from the mean of the control group) for fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), and then compared between groups. In addition, mean DTI values from white matter tracts falling into three categories were compared between groups: (i) projection tracts: superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles, pontine crossing tract, and corticospinal tract; (ii) association tracts: superior longitudinal fasciculus; and (iii) commissure tracts: cingulum bundle (cingulum-cingulate gyrus and cingulum-hippocampus), and corpus callosum.

Results:

The comorbid PTS/mTBI group had significantly greater traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and post-concussive symptoms, and they performed worse on neurocognitive testing than those with PTS alone and controls. The groups differed greatly on several clinical variables, but contrary to what we hypothesized, they did not differ greatly on primary and exploratory analytic approaches of hetero-spatial whole brain DTI analyses.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that psychological health conditions rather than pathoanatomical changes may be contributing to symptom presentation in this population.
ELECTROPHORETIC REGISTERS: CORRECCIÓN DE LÍNEA BASE, ALINEAMIENTO, ELIMINACIÓN DE RUIDO Y CONCENTRACION DE ENERGÍA
Authors: Mendoza Luis E , Jaimes C Leonor , Velandia H.C
Published: September 2017

Este artículo presenta una nueva metodología para lacorrección de línea base, el alineamiento de picos, la eliminación de ruido y la clasificación de datos electroforéticos (DER). Las técnicas matemáticas usadas fueron: corrección linea base L2, análisis wavelet,alineamiento Nedleman and Wusch y análisis multi energía que fue utilizada con el propósito de ubicar información importante en los aminoácidos presentes en los datos electroforéticos. Adicionalmente,este artículo evidencia que es posible corregir la línea base, eliminar ruido y alinear datos electroforéticos sin cambiar sus características originales de energía y formas de onda. Se utilizaron 35 señales, en las cuales el porcentaje de error en cuanto a corrección de línea base fue de 0%, en alineamiento fue de 1.23%, y de clasificación fue de 3.5±1.2.Finalmente, se muestra que es posible utilizar esta metodología sin importar las características de las señales originales, lo que permite que sea un sistema de múltiples soluciones en los datos electroforéticos,cromatográficos y otros.
O Fenómeno da Desorçamentação
Authors: Nunes Pedro
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo analisa o sentido e alcance da nomenclatura desorçamentação. Trata-se de um neologismo recentemente usado na literatura das ciências económicas, e em especial nas finanças públicas, que tem gerado alguma controvérsia, resultando dali interpretações e visões muitas vezes dissemelhantes para o mesmo fenómeno. Embora o conceito não tenha tradução para outras línguas procurou-se fazer uma aproximação à sua semelhança terminológica em termos do seu significado. O contexto é, em especial, o Orçamento de Estado.
DEVELOPING LEARNING MEDIA BASED ON AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) TO IMPROVE LEARNING MOTIVATION
Authors: Budiman Ridho Dedy Arief
Published: September 2017

This research aims to reveal the development of Augmented Reality-based learning media to increase motivation to learn computer assembly materials. This research is an research and development type. The population was ninth students of SMP Harapan Ananda Kubu Raya totaling 112 students. The sample was 68 students with proportional random sampling technique. Data Collection using a questionnaire. To test the hypothesis, one-tailed t-test was used. Data analysis was performed descriptively. The results showed that one-tailed t-test data is posttest questionnaire motivation experimental class and control sig 0.000 <α 0.05, so it can be concluded that the motivation to learn the experimental group was higher than the control group.
Implementation of Project Based Learning Model with Windows Movie Maker Media in Improvement of Short Story Writing
Authors: Hidayati R. Panca Pertiwi , Nurjanah Siti
Published: September 2017

This research is motivated by the lack of ability of students in writing short stories. This research apply project based learning model with windows movie maker media. The formulation of the problem is "Whether the application of project based learning model with windows movie maker media can improve the ability to write short stories of students." In accordance with the formulation of the problem, the hypothesis of this research is the application of project based learning model with windows movie maker media can improve writing skills Short stories of students greater than or equal to 75. This study is based on the Kemmis and Taggart self-reflection model that lasts for 2 cycles. Based on the observer's observation, teacher activity in learning has increased at every meeting and cycle, starting from cycle I teachers get the average value of 82,5. In the second cycle get an average value of 97.5. Similarly, student activity on cycles 1 obtained an average of 75, and in the last 2 cycles the average score was 95. The results of the questionnaire generally showed that students responded positively to the short story writing model using project based learning and media windows movie maker . Implementation of Project Based Learning model with Windows Movie Maker Media can improve students' writing skill. It is shown by the average value of pretes of 42.4 increased in cycle I with an average of 78, then increased again in cycle II with an average of 85.4. Hypothesis test results in this study obtained t count equal to 6.992. Meanwhile, with the degree of freedom 19 at the level of significance 0.05 (5%) obtained t table value of 1.729. So t count> t table is 6.992> 1.729 so H0.
Practical Ways Internalization Tematik by Students in Learning Through Peer Teaching in PGSD FKIP at Tanjungpura University
Authors: Sabri Tahmid
Published: September 2017

A practical way internalize value on elementary school children is very strategic, this study aims to provide the best solution. The method used descriptive through class actions done by the students in a way peer teaching. The findings showed that the Internalization of learning design can practically be done well. Application of learning can be applied Effectively, seen from the way of practicality Internalization in learning and provide a significant positive impact on personality value on individual students toward the creation of Piety, noble, intelligent, skilled, creative, discipline, independence, responsibility and democratic, this achievement can not be separated from the various constraints experienced by teachers, but can be Overcome, so that the meaningfulness of students in learning remains created. This study is expected to be the authorized capital on the development of thematic learning in primary school.
Analysis of two Clostridium difficile outbreaks in an acute health care facility
Authors: Murad Yanal M , Perez Justo , Ybazeta Gustavo , Dewar Brenda , Lefebvre Sebastien , Weese J Scott , Rousseau Joyce , Diaz-Mitoma Francisco , Nokhbeh Reza
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND: Many Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) cases are classified as health care–associated (HA)-CDI using standard definitions. However, this classification may not be accurate and may lead to the declaration of outbreaks when the acquisition of C. difficile is not HA, and the source of infection or strain type are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To characterize C. difficile ribotypes to establish the relationship between CDI cases involved in two outbreaks at a Canadian hospital, and to determine whether there was a common source of infection between the outbreaks. METHODS: C. difficile isolates from infected patients involved in two CDI outbreaks affecting two wards (A and B) were analyzed using ribotyping and mutlilocus sequence typing (MLST) techniques. Antibiotic use and length of hospital stay for the CDI cases during the outbreaks were also analyzed by reviewing patient charts. RESULTS: C. difficile was isolated from 19 of 22 CDI patients. Twelve patients in ward A carried 10 different ribotypes, of which eight were isolated once. Similarly, seven patients in ward B carried five different ribotypes, of which four were isolated once. Only three ribotypes – 027, 056, and 106 – were isolated in both wards, of which at least two isolates of ribotype 027 and ribotype 056 belonged to different MLST groups, indicating genetic diversity, even among the shared ribotypes between the two wards. All CDI patients were isolated throughout their hospital stay. The CDI cases did not show an association with the length of hospital stay. Antibiotic use was also documented before and after the onset of HA-CDI. A common pattern of exposure to multiple antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors was noticed before the onset of CDI that continued afterward. CONCLUSION: Two concurrent CDI outbreaks in two separate wards involving 22 patients admitted to a Canadian acute health care facility in 2012 are reported. On examining these two outbreaks, there was no evidence to support ongoing nosocomial transmission of C. difficile among these patients. The genetic diversity of recovered C. difficile isolates suggested that the outbreaks could not be attributed to a common source or sustained transmission of an outbreak strain.
Curriculum Review and Revision at the University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Root Kustritz Margaret V. , Molgaard Laura K. , Malone Erin
Published: September 2017

Curriculum review is an essential part of ongoing curriculum development, and is a mandate of the American Veterinary Medical Association Council on Education (AVMA COE), the accrediting body of all North American schools and colleges of veterinary medicine. This article describes the steps in curriculum review undertaken by the University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine (UMN CVM) in response to this mandate from the COE and to a recommendation from a recent collegiate review that was part of a larger university-level strategic planning effort. The challenges of reviewing and revising the curriculum within a short time frame were met by appointing a dedicated curriculum review board and by engaging students and faculty groups, both as focus groups and as specific faculty work sections within disciplines. Faculty voting on the process was very valuable as it permitted the curriculum review board and faculty groups to move ahead knowing there was a process in place for reassessment if most faculty did not agree with recommendations. Consistent support from the dean of the college and other administrators was vital in helping maintain momentum for curriculum review.
Measuring AIS Course Outcomes: The Relationship Between Knowledge/Skills and Interest/Enjoyment
Authors: Kearns Grover S.
Published: September 2017

Information technology (IT) has become increasingly important to accounting professionals. Education in relevant IT-related topics, however, appears to have lagged workplace demands. Most undergraduate accounting programs require an Accounting Information Systems (AIS) course to fulfill the major program requirements. Because this course is often the only one to address AIS topics, students may tend to view IT as being less important to their career paths. Such attitudes may reduce the quality of course outcomes. A survey of 103 undergraduate AIS students was conducted to assess attitudes along two dimensions: knowledge and skills and interest and enjoyment. Results showed that, for a number of factors, interest and enjoyment was positively associated with knowledge and skills. The level of the two dimensions, however, varied, and students displayed greater interest in traditional accounting than in technology-related courses. Most importantly, attitude towards IT affected success.
The Influence of Training Environment on Trainee Expertise
Authors: Hackbarth Gary , Dow Kevin , Janvrin Diane J.
Published: September 2017

Competent computing skills are critical for successful business operations and the accountants who sustain them. Developing competent skills requires not only knowledgeable trainers but also facilities able to support and deliver instruction to accounting trainees in efficient ways. Technology-equipped training environments have long been espoused as essential environments needed to speed delivery and enhance the learning experience of trainees. This study examined the impact of training environment on knowledge and skill set development. Results suggest that there are limitations to the extent to which technology-equipped training environments influence learning.
Dexter Buys a Surfboard: An Exploratory Study of the Impact of a Classroom Activity and Reflection Paper on Student Perceptions of the First AIS Course
Authors: Normand Carol J.
Published: September 2017

In most accounting curricula, students enroll in the first accounting information systems (AIS) course after they have completed at least two accounting principle courses and are familiar with accounting fundamentals. However, these courses tend to teach topics as discrete subjects so many students have a poor understanding of how the data they are journalizing actually flow through an AIS. Because they have not previously thought about the concept of a system, most students also have trouble linking material in AIS textbooks to prior learning. To help students relate prior learning to AIS concepts, an in-class activity titled “Dexter Buys a Surfboard” was developed. This in-class activity was combined with a textbook reading and a required reflection paper. Statistical analyses found that the combination of a textbook reading, the in-class project, and a structured reflection paper did positively affect students' perceptions of the importance of learning about AIS. Further analyses found that GPA, accounting-related work experience, and gender were not related to the change in student perceptions, making this pedagogical technique valuable for a variety of student groups.
IFRS, U.S. GAAP, and XBRL Financial Statements: An Introduction and Case Study
Authors: Basoglu Kamile Asli , Edmonds Christopher T. , White Clinton E.
Published: September 2017

Given (a) the mandate to fully comply with “Interactive Data to Improve Financial Reporting,” (Rule 33-2009; SEC 2009b) which requires all SEC registered companies to include financial statements in XBRL format as exhibits with their quarterly or annual reports on a phased-in schedule, and (b) initiations to converge U.S. GAAP and IFRS, it is crucial for students to understand the methodological differences between XBRL financial reporting for these two standards. Therefore, the goal of this case is to expose students to the IFRS and U.S. GAAP XBRL taxonomies. We use the case of a hypothetical company to first illustrate some of the differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP reporting at the financial statement level, then map its Income Statement line items into respective XBRL taxonomies, and finally create an XBRL instance document. The case provides two exercises to explain the steps in creating an XBRL instance document for different taxonomies, i.e., accessing and then mapping line items into the IFRS and U.S. GAAP taxonomies (Exercise 1) and creating the actual XBRL instance document for U.S. GAAP and IFRS (Exercise 2).
Step-by-Step Flowcharting: A Case to Teach Beginning Flowcharting Skills
Authors: DeVries Delwyn D. , Lee Tanya
Published: September 2017

System flowcharts are a major tool for documenting business processes and related internal controls. However, it is difficult for students, who have little business experience, to learn flowcharting while simultaneously learning the details of business processes and controls. As a result, at the beginner stage, many students appear overwhelmed by guidelines, rules, and processes. This step-by-step case uses a simple process, unveiled one step at a time and using a minimal number of symbols, to help students understand flowcharting. The case activities involve active learning, cooperative group work, prompt feedback, and instructor interaction. Having students attempt to draw diagrams and then, if necessary, correct them can promote learning. The objective is to foster active, engaged learning by using a series of simple scenarios that build on one another. The contribution to accounting information systems education is a simplified and effective method of teaching an important skill to students. Student performance improvement and feedback from this case was extremely positive.
Astrofood, Priorities and Pandemics: Reflections of an Ultra-Processed Breakfast Program and Contemporary Dysbiotic Drift
Authors: Logan Alan , Prescott Susan
Published: September 2017

Recognizing the importance of nutrition as part of the grand challenges faced by humanity—the current epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), sustainability and maintenance of Planetary Health—the United Nations (UN) has declared 2016–2025 the Decade of Nutrition. Research continues to underscore the extent to which ultra-processed foods dominate the contemporary nutritional landscape. Moreover, the dual role played by food technology and marketing in the expansion of ultra-processed foods is under increased scrutiny. As public health experts and clinicians contend with a crisis of NCDs, attempting to untangle a knotted assortment of interrelated strands of causation, an examination of the early origins of highly-marketed ultra-processed foods can provide valuable lessons. Here, we illuminate a little-known piece of history in the annals of ultra-processed nutritional science and childhood welfare. Astrofood was a commercially-marketed, collaborative government-industry effort that brought soy protein-enriched Twinkies as a nutritive breakfast cake to disadvantaged children; its concept and delivery demonstrated an unwillingness to deal with root-cause challenges. Although its official tenure was only about 7 years, we argue that Astrofood and its total food engineering still resonate throughout the global ultra-processed nutritional landscape. New scientific advances in nutritional psychiatry and the microbiome are on a collision course with the profits, marketing and intellectual dishonesty of the ultra-processed food industry. Solutions to the grand challenges of the Decade of Nutrition may be found in lessons from Astrofood. They provide clues to undoing the tangled knots which otherwise maintain an untenable status quo.
Differentiating Structural and Compositional Attributes across Successional Stages in Chilean Temperate Rainforests
Authors: Ponce Diego , Donoso Pablo , Salas-Eljatib Christian
Published: September 2017

The landscape in the lowlands of south-central Chile is dominated by agricultural lands and forestry plantations of exotic species. Natural forests are restricted to successional forests, while old-growth forests are nearly absent. The lack of old-growth forests may deprive society from some ecosystem services. Both successional and old forests differ in their ecological functions and in the ecosystem services they can provide. To promote old-growth characteristics in successional forests, it becomes necessary to know which compositional and structural attributes differentiate forests along succession. We aim at identifying the differential attributes among successional and old-growth forests in the lowlands in the northern portion of the Valdivian Rainforests. We analyzed 19 variables in seven different forests and found statistically significant differences in 13 of them. A subset of these variables illustrated major patterns that differentiate successional stages, of which a few could be more easily controlled through management. The latter include lowering tree densities (from >3000 to <1500 trees per hectare), increasing volume of large trees, especially of shade-tolerant species, and structural heterogeneity (a Gini coefficient >0.7 represents older forests). While successional forest show a rapid recovery, forest managers would need to focus in controlling these attributes to increase their old-growth characteristics.
Forestry Best Management Practices Relationships with Aquatic and Riparian Fauna: A Review
Authors: Warrington Brooke , Aust W. , Barrett Scott , Ford W. , Dolloff C. , Schilling Erik , Wigley T. , Bolding M.
Published: September 2017

Forestry best management practices (BMPs) were developed to minimize water pollution from forestry operations by primarily addressing sediment and sediment transport, which is the leading source of pollution from silviculture. Implementation of water quality BMPs may also benefit riparian and aquatic wildlife, although wildlife benefits were not driving forces for BMP development. Therefore, we reviewed literature regarding potential contributions of sediment-reducing BMPs to conservation of riparian and aquatic wildlife, while realizing that BMPs also minimize thermal, nutrient, and chemical pollution. We reached five important conclusions: (1) a significant body of research confirms that forestry BMPs contribute to the protection of water quality and riparian forest structure; (2) data-specific relationships between forestry BMPs and reviewed species are limited; (3) forestry BMPs for forest road construction and maintenance, skid trails, stream crossings, and streamside management zones (SMZs) are important particularly for protection of water quality and aquatic species; (4) stream crossings should be carefully selected and installed to minimize sediment inputs and stream channel alterations; and (5) SMZs promote retention of older-age riparian habitat with benefits extending from water bodies to surrounding uplands. Overall, BMPs developed for protection of water quality should benefit a variety of riparian and aquatic species that are sensitive to changes in water quality or forest structure.
How Social Care Beneficiaries in Poland Rate Relative Harmfulness of Various Tobacco and Nicotine-Containing Products
Authors: Milcarz Marek , Polańska Kinga , Bak-Romaniszyn Leokadia , Kaleta Dorota
Published: September 2017

The aim of the study was to examine how social care beneficiaries rate the relative harmfulness of tobacco/nicotine-containing products compared to traditional cigarettes. This information is crucial for the development of effective tobacco control strategies targeting disadvantaged populations. The cross-sectional study covered 1817 respondents who were taking advantage of social aid services offered by the local social care institutions in the Piotrkowski district, via face-to-face interviews. The linear regression analysis indicated that relative to women, men consider slim cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and e-cigarettes to be more harmful than traditional cigarettes (p < 0.05). The smokers of traditional cigarettes reported menthol cigarettes to be less harmful than traditional cigarettes, relative to the non-smokers (p = 0.05). The current results demonstrate that social care beneficiaries are not aware of the fact that some products are less harmful than others. Education concerning tobacco/nicotine products should include advice on how to reduce the adverse health effects of smoking (e.g., avoiding inhalation of combusted products), while driving the awareness that no nicotine-containing products are safe.
Dental Composite Formulation Design with Bioactivity on Protein Adsorption Combined with Crack-Healing Capability
Authors: Chen Chen , Wu Junling , Weir Michael , Wang Lin , Zhou Xuedong , Xu Hockin , Melo Mary
Published: September 2017

Fracture and secondary caries are the primary reasons for the failure of dental restorations. To face this omnipresent problem, we report the formulation design and synthesis of a protein-resistant dental composite composed of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) that also can self-repair damage and recover the load-bearing capability via microencapsulated triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and N,N-dihydroxy ethyl-p-toluidine (DHEPT). The bioactivity of the resulting MPC-microencapsulated TEGDMA-DHEPT was evaluated on protein adsorption through early bacterial attachment. Its mechanical properties were also investigated, including self-healing assessment. Microcapsules of poly (urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) were synthesized by incorporating a TEGDMA-DHEPT healing liquid. A set of composites that contained 7.5% of MPC, 10% of microcapsules, and without MPC/microcapsules were also prepared as controls. The two distinct characteristics of strong protein repellency and load-bearing recovery were achieved by the combined strategies. The novel dual composite with a combination of protein-repellent MPC and PUF microcapsules for restoring microcracks is a promising strategy for dental restorations to address the two main challenges of fracture and secondary caries. The new dual composite formulation design has the potential to improve the longevity of dental restorations significantly.
Evaluation of the Healing Potential of Demineralized Dentin Matrix Fixed with Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Bone Grafts
Authors: Kim Sang-Yun , Kim Young-Kyun , Park Yeoung-Hyun , Park Joo-Cheol , Ku Jeong-Kui , Um In-Woong , Kim Ji-Yun
Published: September 2017

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) fixed with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) through an experimental and a clinical study. Unilateral upper second and third premolars of eight beagles were extracted. A mucoperiosteal flap was elevated around the extraction socket, and a bone defect was made using a surgical drill. Each DDM was fixed with rhBMP-2, and autogenous bone was grafted at the bone defect area with a collagenous membrane. The beagles were euthanized at two, four, eight, and 12 weeks after receiving the bone graft. Block specimens involving grafted bone and surrounding natural bone were extracted. A total of 23 patients who received bone grafts using human DDM fixed with rhBMP-2 (AutoBT BMP) with implant placements (36 implants; maxilla: 14, mandible: 22) were selected. The implant stability, marginal bone loss, and clinical outcome were evaluated. Three trephine cores were harvested fourmonths after bone grafting, and histologic examination was performed. In the histological evaluation performed four weeks after the bone graft, autogenous bone showed 52% new bone formation and DDM fixed with rhBMP-2 showed 33% new bone formation. Twelve weeks after the bone graft, autogenous bone showed 75% new bone formation and DDM fixed with rhBMP-2 showed 48% new bone formation. In the clinical study, favorable osseointegration was obtained in 35 out of 36 implant sites (one case of osseointegration failure). In all cases, severe complications were not observed. Histomorphometrically, new bone formation was observed in 14.98% of the cases. The residual DDM particles were 6.22%. AutoBT BMP provides good osteoinductive and osteoconductive potential and clinical efficacy.