bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meaningful Transitions: Enhancing Clinician Roles in Transition Planning for Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Perryman Twyla , Ricks Lacey , Cash-Baskett Labrita
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this tutorial is to provide speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with foundational information that will assist them in transition planning for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on a review of current literature. SLPs must be knowledgeable of transition planning in order to assist students with ASD and their families with preparing for their future. An appreciation and awareness of pertinent assessments, functional goals, and factors associated with successful postsecondary outcomes are essential competencies that SLPs need when planning for the transition process. SLPs are ideal workforce development partners. They facilitate independence, communication, and interaction skills necessary for postsecondary and workplace success. Speech-language services are one of the most common special education services received by high school students with Individualized Education Programs. However, SLPs receive little preparation on the specifics or nuances of transition planning prior to working in the educational settings, despite the high incidence of speech-language services in secondary education.

Method

This tutorial reviews and synthesizes research findings related to assessment planning, goal-setting, and Individualized Education Program implementation for achieving meaningful postsecondary transitions for students with ASD. Additionally, it highlights some of the key postsecondary skillsets related to speech-language therapy services, including the development of self-determination, self-advocacy, social competence, and adaptive behaviors.

Conclusion

Greater focus on higher quality transition planning requires SLPs to develop high levels of knowledge and competencies in the transition planning process. This tutorial educates clinicians on the unique challenges faced by individuals with ASD and provides evidence-based strategies to help students and families successfully plan for and navigate postsecondary transitions.
Vision skeleton trajectory based motion assessment system for healthcare rehabilitation
Authors: Shi Qinghongya , Zhang Hong‐Bo , Dong Li‐Jia , Lei Qing , Hsiao Tsung‐Chih
Published: June 2020

Most existing methods of motion assessment system used the contact sensor, infrared sensor, and depth sensor, and few works provided the solution of digital camera. To solve this problem, the authors propose a new motion assessment system based on light camera. In this work, the motion assessment was regarded as pattern regression problem of skeleton joint trajectory. Firstly, the system uses the camera to capture the image sequences. The pose estimation method is used to obtain body skeleton from image. Secondly, due to the difference of motion frequency of each person, the length of the image sequences is different and the length of each joint trajectory also will be different. Fourier transform is applied to normalise the trajectory and use the coefficients of Fourier transform as the joint trajectory feature. Finally, the regression model is built to assess the motion quality. Some experimental results and discussion on action video data are used to verify the effectiveness of the system.
Applying saliency-map analysis in searches for pulsars and fast radio bursts
Authors: Zhang C. , Wang C. , Hobbs G. , Russell C. J. , Li D. , Zhang S.-B. , Dai S. , Wu J.-W. , Pan Z.-C. , Zhu W.-W. , Toomey L. , Ren Z.-Y.
Published: June 2020

Context. We investigate the use of saliency-map analysis to aid in searches for transient signals, such as fast radio bursts and individual pulses from radio pulsars.

Aims. Our aim is to demonstrate that saliency maps provide the means to understand predictions from machine learning algorithms and can be implemented in pipelines used to search for transient events.

Methods. We implemented a new deep learning methodology to predict whether any segment of the data contains a transient event. The algorithm was trained using real and simulated data sets. We demonstrate that the algorithm is able to identify such events. The output results are visually analysed via the use of saliency maps.

Results. We find that saliency maps can produce an enhanced image of any transient feature without the need for de-dispersion or removal of radio frequency interference. The maps can be used to understand which features in the image were used in making the machine learning decision and to visualise the transient event. Even though the algorithm reported here was developed to demonstrate saliency-map analysis, we have detected a single burst event, in archival data, with dispersion measure of 41 cm−3 pc that is not associated with any currently known pulsar.
Das Nagoya-Protokoll
Authors: Stern Dennis
Published: June 2020

Das Nagoya-Protokoll ist ein bindender, transnationaler Vertrag, der unter der Berücksichtigung des Schutzes der Biodiversität einen gerechten Vorteilsausgleich für die Nutzung genetischer Ressourcen, wie z. B. Pflanzen zur Arzneimittel-herstellung sicherstellen soll. Aufgrund der enormen Vielfalt nehmen Pflanzen eine signifikante Rolle für die Erforschung neuer pharmazeutischer Wirkstoffe ein. Vor diesem Hintergrund sowie der Vielschichtigkeit des Nagoya-Protokolls ist die nähere Betrachtung der rechtlichen Vorgaben sowohl für Hersteller als auch für nicht-kommerzielle Forschungseinrichtungen von großer Bedeutung.
Anastomosen am Darm
Authors: Schütze Isabell
Published: June 2020

Bei einer Resektion im Magen- und Darmtrakt – aufgrund von Tumoren, Verletzungen oder entzündlichen Prozessen – entstehen 2 Lumen, die wieder verbunden werden müssen. Welche unterschiedlichen Nahttechniken, Materialien und Instrumente dabei zum Einsatz kommen, erklärt unsere Autorin.
„Echte“ Lahmheit oder Blockade? Ein Fallbericht
Authors: Tratsis Imke
Published: June 2020

Manchmal ist es gar nicht so einfach herauszufinden, ob man wirklich einen chiropraktischen Fall oder eine Lahmheit vor sich hat. Der Wallach, ein Tennessee Walking Horse, hatte einen schlechten Röntgenbefund und ich war mir eigentlich sicher, dass ich mit meiner Behandlung hier nur etwas Linderung verschaffen würde. Umso schöner war, dass ich damit nicht Recht behalten sollte.
4 Fachleute – 4 Strategien: Gonarthrose bei der Katze
Authors: Schmidli Manuel , Börner Doris , Hohmann Mima , Peterbauer Christoph ,   Pia Düver und
Published: June 2020

Der Fall: Bei einer Katze wurde bei einer Lahmheitsuntersuchung (rechts stärker als links) eine Gonarthrose diagnostiziert. Was nun? Wie gehen Sie vor? Welche Möglichkeiten gibt es in Ihrem Fachgebiet?
Risk of recurrence when cutting into intramucosal (pT1a) cancer from the cutting-plane side during gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Nakahira Hiroko , Kanesaka Takashi , Uedo Noriya , Ohmori Masayasu , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Matsuura Noriko , Shichijo Satoki , Maekawa Akira , Yamamoto Sachiko , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Kitamura Masanori , Nakatsuka Shinichi , Ishihara Ryu
Published: June 2020

Background During endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), procedural difficulty and poor visibility of the cutting plane sometimes cause the operator to cut into the lesion from the cutting-plane side, making the vertical margin positive (VM1) or unclear (VMX). In the present study, we evaluated the risk of recurrence of gastric cancer with VM1 /VMX after ESD.

Methods In total, 1723 consecutive gastric cancers treated by ESD at Osaka International Cancer Institute from July 2012 to December 2017 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Among them, 231 submucosal or more deeply invasive gastric cancers were excluded because nontechnical factors may contribute to VM1 /VMX in such lesions. To quantify the risk of cutting into cancer from the cutting-plane side during ESD, the proportion of lesions with VM1 /VMX among the pT1a gastric cancers treated by ESD was calculated. The proportion of recurrence among these cases was calculated after exclusion of lesions with positive lymphovascular invasion or a positive horizontal margin in order to eliminate the obvious risk factors for recurrence.

Results Among 1492 pT1a gastric cancers treated by ESD, 28 lesions (1.9 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.3 % – 2.7 %) histologically showed VM1 /VMX. No local recurrence (0.0 %; 95 %CI 0.0 % – 12.2 %) occurred among 23 cases. The median follow-up period was 41 months (range 10 – 84 months).

Conclusions No local recurrence was detected in pT1a gastric cancers after VM1 /VMX resection by ESD. Surveillance endoscopy could be adopted for such cases without additional surgery.
Long-term outcome of endoscopic resection for intramucosal esophageal squamous cell cancer: a secondary analysis of the Japan Esophageal Cohort study
Authors: Oda Ichiro , Shimizu Yuichi , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Katada Chikatoshi , Yokoyama Tetsuji , Yano Tomonori , Suzuki Haruhisa , Abiko Satoshi , Takemura Kenichi , Koike Tomoyuki , Takizawa Kohei , Hirao Motohiro , Okada Hiroyuki , Yoshii Takako , Katagiri Atsushi , Yamanouchi Takenori , Matsuo Yasumasa , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Kobayashi Nozomu , Shimoda Tadakazu , Ochiai Atsushi , Ishikawa Hideki , Yokoyama Akira , Muto Manabu
Published: June 2020

Background Prospectively collected long-term data of patients undergoing endoscopic resection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prospectively collected long-term outcomes of endoscopic resection for ESCC as a secondary analysis of the Japan Esophageal Cohort (JEC) study.

Methods Patients who underwent endoscopic resection of intramucosal ESCC at 16 institutions between September 2005 and May 2010 were enrolled in the JEC study. All patients underwent endoscopic examination with iodine staining at 3 and 6 months after resection, and every 6 months thereafter. We investigated clinical courses after endoscopic resection, survival rates, and cumulative incidence of metachronous ESCC.

Results 330 patients (mean age 67.0 years) with 396 lesions (mean size 20.4 mm) were included in the analysis. Lesions were diagnosed as high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in 17.4 % and as squamous cell carcinoma in 82.6 % (limited to epithelium in 28.4 %, to lamina propria in 55.4 %, and to muscularis mucosa in 16.2 %). En bloc resection was achieved in 291 (73.5 %). The median follow-up period was 49.4 months. Local recurrences occurred in 13 patients (3.9 %) and were treated by endoscopic procedures. Lymph node metastasis occurred in two patients (0.6 %) after endoscopic resection. The 5-year overall, disease-specific, and metastasis-free survival rates were 95.1 %, 99.1 %, and 94.6 %, respectively. The 5-year cumulative incidence rate of metachronous ESCC was 25.7 %.

Conclusions Our study demonstrated that endoscopic resection is an effective treatment for intramucosal ESCC, with favorable long-term outcomes.
Expert assessment on volumetric laser endomicroscopy full scans in Barrett’s esophagus patients with or without high grade dysplasia or early cancer
Authors: Struyvenberg Maarten , Kahn Allon , Fleischer David , Swager Anne-Fre , Bouma Brett , Ganguly Eric K. , Konda Vani , Lightdale Charles J. , Pleskow Douglas , Sethi Amrita , Smith Michael , Trindade Arvind J. , Wallace Michael B. , Wang Kenneth , Wolfsen Herbert C. , Tearney G. J. , Curvers Wouter L. , Leggett Cadman L. , Bergman Jacques J.
Published: June 2020

Background Volumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) allows for near-microscopic imaging of the superficial esophageal wall and may improve detection of early neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Interpretation of a 6-cm long, circumferential VLE “full scan” may however be challenging for endoscopists. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of VLE experts in correctly diagnosing VLE full scans of early neoplasia and non-dysplastic BE (NDBE).

Methods 29 VLE full scan videos (15 neoplastic and 14 NDBE) were randomly evaluated by 12 VLE experts using a web-based module. Experts were blinded to the endoscopic BE images and histology. The 15 neoplastic cases contained a subtle endoscopically visible lesion, which on endoscopic resection showed high grade dysplasia or cancer. NDBE cases had no visible lesions and an absence of dysplasia in all biopsies. VLE videos were first scored as “neoplastic” or “NDBE.” If neoplastic, assessors located the area most suspicious for neoplasia. Primary outcome was the performance of VLE experts in differentiating between non-dysplastic and neoplastic full scan videos, calculated by accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Secondary outcomes included correct location of neoplasia, interobserver agreement, and level of confidence.

Results VLE experts correctly labelled 73 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 67 % – 79 %) of neoplastic VLE videos. In 54 % (range 27 % – 66 %) both neoplastic diagnosis and lesion location were correct. NDBE videos were consistent with endoscopic biopsies in 52 % (95 %CI 46 % – 57 %). Interobserver agreement was fair (kappa 0.28). High level of confidence was associated with a higher rate of correct neoplastic diagnosis (81 %) and lesion location (73 %).

Conclusions Identification of subtle neoplastic lesions in VLE full scans by experts was disappointing. Future studies should focus on improving methodologies for reviewing full scans, development of refined VLE criteria for neoplasia, and computer-aided diagnosis of VLE scans.
Attributing Patients to Pediatric Residents Using Electronic Health Record Features Augmented with Audit Logs
Authors: Mai Mark V. , Orenstein Evan W. , Manning John D. , Luberti Anthony A. , Dziorny Adam C.
Published: June 2020

Objective Patient attribution, or the process of attributing patient-level metrics to specific providers, attempts to capture real-life provider–patient interactions (PPI). Attribution holds wide-ranging importance, particularly for outcomes in graduate medical education, but remains a challenge. We developed and validated an algorithm using EHR data to identify pediatric resident PPIs (rPPIs).

Methods We prospectively surveyed residents in three care settings to collect self-reported rPPIs. Participants were surveyed at the end of primary care clinic, emergency department (ED), and inpatient shifts, shown a patient census list, asked to mark the patients with whom they interacted, and encouraged to provide a short rationale behind the marked interaction. We extracted routine EHR data elements, including audit logs, note contribution, order placement, care team assignment, and chart closure, and applied a logistic regression classifier to the data to predict rPPIs in each care setting. We also performed a comment analysis of the resident-reported rationales in the inpatient care setting to explore perceived patient interactions in a complicated workflow.

Results We surveyed 81 residents over 111 shifts and identified 579 patient interactions. Among EHR extracted data, time-in-chart was the best predictor in all three care settings (primary care clinic: odds ratio [OR] = 19.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.19–278.56; ED: OR = 19.06, 95% CI: 9.53–41.65' inpatient: OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 2.23–3.97). Primary care clinic and ED specific models had c-statistic values > 0.98, while the inpatient-specific model had greater variability (c-statistic = 0.89). Of 366 inpatient rPPIs, residents provided rationales for 90.1%, which were focused on direct involvement in a patient's admission or transfer, or care as the front-line ordering clinician (55.6%).

Conclusion Classification models based on routinely collected EHR data predict resident-defined rPPIs across care settings. While specific to pediatric residents in this study, the approach may be generalizable to other provider populations and scenarios in which accurate patient attribution is desirable.
Insights into the Immunopathophysiology of Severe COVID-19 in Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Shekhar Skand , Copacino Caroline E. , Barrera Francisco J. , Hall Janet E. , Hannah-Shmouni Fady
Published: June 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people across the world but disproportionately and severely affects persons with metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. In this brief review, we discuss the pathways of immune dysregulation that may lead to severe COVID-19 in persons with metabolic conditions.
Dynamic Wrist Radiographs in Patients with and without a Ganglion Cyst
Authors: Beuckelaers Ellen , Hollevoet Nadine
Published: June 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study was to find out if carpal instability played a role in the etiology of ganglion cysts.

Materials and Methods Dynamic wrist radiographs of 33 patients with and without a ganglion cyst of the wrist were compared. The control group consisted of patients who had dynamic radiographs of both wrists after a traumatic event in one wrist. Measurements were performed on the contralateral uninjured side. Radiological parameters that may indicate carpal instability included: width of the scapholunate gap, scapholunate, radiolunate, and lunocapitate angles, and ulnar translocation.

Results No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups except for lunocapitate angle which was higher in wrists with ganglion cysts. However, mean lunocapitate angle was still within the normal range.

Conclusions It could be concluded that in this study we did not see a difference between scapholunate gap and radiocarpal angles with the presence or absence of a ganglion cyst.
Reconstruction of effective potential from statistical analysis of dynamic trajectories
Authors: Yousefzadi Nobakht A. , Dyck O. , Lingerfelt D. B. , Bao F. , Ziatdinov M. , Maksov A. , Sumpter B. G. , Archibald R. , Jesse S. , Kalinin S. V. , Law K. J. H.
Published: June 2020

The broad incorporation of microscopic methods is yielding a wealth of information on the atomic and mesoscale dynamics of individual atoms, molecules, and particles on surfaces and in open volumes. Analysis of such data necessitates statistical frameworks to convert observed dynamic behaviors to effective properties of materials. Here, we develop a method for the stochastic reconstruction of effective local potentials solely from observed structural data collected from molecular dynamics simulations (i.e., data analogous to those obtained via atomically resolved microscopies). Using the silicon vacancy defect in graphene as a model, we apply the statistical framework presented herein to reconstruct the free energy landscape from the calculated atomic displacements. Evidence of consistency between the reconstructed local potential and the trajectory data from which it was produced is presented, along with a quantitative assessment of the uncertainty in the inferred parameters.
Thermal and radiation response of 4H–SiC Schottky diodes with direct-write electrical contacts
Authors: Taylor Neil R. , Yu Yongchao , Ji Mihee , Aytug Tolga , Mahurin Shannon , Mayes Richard , Cetiner Sacit , Paranthaman M. Parans , Ezell Dianne , Cao Lei R. , Joshi Pooran C.
Published: June 2020

A high-sensitivity 4H–SiC temperature sensor and an alpha detector have been fabricated using additively printed metal contacts. The surface morphology and electrical conductivity of the printed electrodes were established prior to Schottky diode development. 4H–SiC Schottky diodes with direct-write printed silver contacts on the 5 μm-thick epilayer on 4H–SiC were characterized electrically in terms of the forward and reverse current–voltage and high-frequency capacitance–voltage characteristics. The turn-on voltage of the Schottky diodes, as established from the forward current–voltage characteristics measured up to a temperature of 400 °C, showed a linear temperature dependence. Schottky diodes with direct-write printed Ag electrodes were able to measure alpha particles emitted from Americium-241. The high temperature and radiation response of the Schottky diodes show their suitability for multi-modal sensor fusion on the 4H–SiC platform for harsh environment applications.
Modeling and measuring the absorption-induced expansion of swellable organically modified silica
Authors: Bonvallet Paul A. , Lindner John F. , Corbin Brian , Crow Duncan , Reffner Ryan , Albon Riedl Theresa , Lehman Susan Y. , Edmiston Paul
Published: June 2020

We present a theoretical framework that describes the force generated by the expansion of swellable organically modified silica (SOMS) upon exposure to organic solvent. The total swelling force, produced from the differential contributions of localized swelling domains, is related logarithmically to the amount of material confined to a rigid space. The model is further parameterized according to the physical dimensions of that space and the intrinsic swellability of SOMS. This mathematical representation is validated experimentally using a piston force sensor apparatus, which shows that the solvent-induced force and pressure exerted by SOMS increase logarithmically with the amount of material that is present. Comparison with theory implies that the commercially available varieties of SOMS CyclaSorbTM and OsorbTM have Young’s expansion moduli YC ∼ 0.8 MPa and YO ∼ 0.7 MPa, respectively, which succinctly quantifies their relative behavior. The theoretical model and experimental technique should be widely applicable to other swellable and stimuli-responsive materials.
Grey nomads with diabetes: the experience of rural and remote diabetes educators in South Australia
Authors: De Bellis Anita , Hill Pauline , Abigail Wendy , Giles Jane , McCloud Christine
Published: June 2020

The phenomenon of grey nomads travelling in rural and remote regions of Australia is on the increase, and as this cohort is an older age group, they are often travelling with chronic conditions, such as diabetes. Seven rural and remote diabetes educators were interviewed about their experiences of grey nomad travellers with diabetes, to whom they provided services. The findings revealed problems associated with grey nomads with diabetes, including maintenance of equipment, medications, self-management, glycaemic control and unpredictable events. The problems highlighted by the participants were exacerbated when travelling long distances for extended periods, often with changes to their usual regime of self-management. The isolation and remoteness of some areas was a factor for the travellers who were often not prepared and often turned to pharmacists for help. The participants were able to enhance the care and self-management of the travellers with diabetes and identified several pathways travellers may undertake if they needed services related to their diabetes. The diabetes educators’ capacity to provide services for travellers was stretched at times; however, this was viewed as positive in that it added diversity to their normal practice. Recommendations included a preparation checklist and information for travellers with diabetes and further education for pharmacists.
Javanese undressed
Authors: Conners Thomas J.
Published: June 2020

This chapter makes two claims about Javanese, one concerning its
internal dialect variation, and one concerning its place in mainland Southeast Asian
(MSEA) typology. First, Javanese exhibits extreme dialect variation, with many features
of these variants not appearing in descriptions of Javanese, which mostly concern the
Central variety. Second, the existence of these features changes the position of
Javanese in the continuum of isolating-to-synthetic languages. Relevant features from
six dialects of Javanese show that the Central variety – that of Yogyakarta and Solo –
inadequately characterises Javanese as a whole; rather, the geographically and socially
‘peripheral’ dialects more strongly tend toward isolating morphology. Consequently,
Javanese is less of an outlier in the MSEA Sprachbund than is generally acknowledged.
Historical evidence shows that the Central variety is innovative with respect to
Javanese overall.
The origins of isolating word structure in eastern Timor
Authors: Schapper Antoinette
Published: June 2020

This paper addresses the issue of isolating word structure and its
origins in the Austronesian and Papuan languages of eastern Timor. McWhorter (2007) claims that both groups of languages evidence
extensive loss of grammatical complexity as a result of “interrupted transmission” due
to significant non-native acquisition. I refute McWhorter’s assertion that the eastern
Timor languages are not “normal” through a detailed exposition of their morphological
complexities. Whilst recognising that they are isolating leaning, I argue that there is
nothing “unnatural” about the grammars of these languages and that phonological changes
within the Timorese Sprachbund provide sufficient explanation of their morphological
profiles.
Acicular ferrite nucleation and growth in API5L-X65 steel submerged arc welded joints
Authors: Mollaei Milani Javad , Saeid Tohid
Published: June 2020

In the present study, acicular ferrite nucleation and growth were investigated from a crystallographic point of view in API5L-X65 steel weld metals. It was observed that acicular ferrite was nucleated on inclusions in weld metal. The titanium-enriched layer around inclusions was characterised as the TiO phase by selected area diffraction patterns. A scanning electron microscope equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction technique was applied to investigate the crystallographic orientation relationship. The results showed that acicular ferrite lathes had a Baker–Nutting orientation relationship with the TiO layer on the inclusion surface in the nucleation of acicular ferrite. However, it is confirmed that the growth of acicular ferrite lathes depends on the deviation from the Kurdjumov–Sachs relationship between lathes and primary austenite.
Species-dependent tunneling ionization of weakly bound atoms in the short-wave infrared regime
Authors: Zille D , Adolph D , Skruszewicz S , Sayler A M , Paulus G G
Published: June 2020

We investigate the intensity- and species-dependent strong-field ionization of alkali metal atoms; sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium; by intense, few-cycle laser pulses in the short-wave infrared (sw-IR) regime at 1800 nm. The low ionization potential, I
p, of these atoms allows us to scale the interaction and study the tunneling regime at sw-IR wavelengths using low intensities and pulse energies. Measurements of above-threshold ionization spectra in the alkali species exhibit distinct differences to rare gas spectra at 800 and 1800 nm. However, pairing the low ionization potential of these atoms with longer wavelengths results in the reemergence of some well-know features of nobel gas spectra in the visible, e.g., the plateau. Our focus lies on the comparison of high-energy rescattered electron yield among the different alkali species. The highly unfavorable plateau scaling known from rare gases at longer wavelengths is successfully circumvented by switching to low-I
p targets. In the investigated parameter range, we identify potassium as the most efficient rescatterer. In addition, this paves the way to a carrier-envelope phasemeter operating in the sw-IR/mid-wave IR regime, employing alkali metal atoms as a target.
Coupled differentiation and division of embryonic stem cells inferred from clonal snapshots
Authors: Ruske Liam J , Kursawe Jochen , Tsakiridis Anestis , Wilson Valerie , Fletcher Alexander G , Blythe Richard A , Schumacher Linus J
Published: June 2020

The deluge of single-cell data obtained by sequencing, imaging and epigenetic markers has led to an increasingly detailed description of cell state. However, it remains challenging to identify how cells transition between different states, in part because data are typically limited to snapshots in time. A prerequisite for inferring cell state transitions from such snapshots is to distinguish whether transitions are coupled to cell divisions. To address this, we present two minimal branching process models of cell division and differentiation in a well-mixed population. These models describe dynamics where differentiation and division are coupled or uncoupled. For each model, we derive analytic expressions for each subpopulation’s mean and variance and for the likelihood, allowing exact Bayesian parameter inference and model selection in the idealised case of fully observed trajectories of differentiation and division events. In the case of snapshots, we present a sample path algorithm and use this to predict optimal temporal spacing of measurements for experimental design. We then apply this methodology to an in vitro dataset assaying the clonal growth of epiblast stem cells in culture conditions promoting self-renewal or differentiation. Here, the larger number of cell states necessitates approximate Bayesian computation. For both culture conditions, our inference supports the model where cell state transitions are coupled to division. For culture conditions promoting differentiation, our analysis indicates a possible shift in dynamics, with these processes becoming more coupled over time.
Electromagnetic radiation amplification by means of a driven two-level system damped by broadband squeezed vacuum reservoir
Authors: Bogolyubov Jr N N , Soldatov A V
Published: June 2020

It is shown that a two-level quantum system with broken inversion symmetry possessing dipole moment operator with permanent non-equal diagonal matrix elements, driven by external semiclassical monochromatic high-frequency electromagnetic (laser) field and damped by broadband squeezed vacuum reservoir can amplify or absorb weak probe electromagnetic radiation field of much lower frequency depending on the reference phase of the squeezed field. Varying the degree of squeezing allows to alter the magnitude of the absorption or amplification rate.
De Broglie wave in vacuum, matter and nanostructures
Authors: Vysikaylo P I , Samsonenko N V , Semin M V
Published: June 2020

Properties of de Broglie waves and their differences from any other waves, for example, electromagnetic, are discussed. Their little-known properties are given: 1) the propagation velocity is greater than the speed of light V > c ; 2) dispersion even in vacuum (waves of different frequencies propagate at different speeds, which results in the spreading of any wave packets associated with the particles); 3) the connection of the de Broglie wave with another physical wave moving with a speed v less than the speed of light, but so always v · V = c
2, and for the photons v = V = c.

According to later views of de Broglie, this second wave is not the group wave. Possible mechanisms of generating the de Broglie waves based on spherical and cylindrical hollow quantum resonators, which can be specially created in matter using specific nanostructures are considered. Perhaps their nature itself realizes them for any micro-objects, regardless of their electrical, magnetic and gravitational properties. That is, this phenomenon is universal. Applications and realizations of this idea are discussed in the part II of our article.
Soliton modeling of public key algorithm security
Authors: Myae Hein Chan , Kamalov T F
Published: June 2020

Quantum key distribution protocols and problems of their protection were studied with the soliton model of entangled photons. There were estimated mutual influences between legitimate users and for any types of cracker attack. For example, BB84 protocol is shown to be unconditional security protocols using photon polarization between outlying channels. Secret keys share quantum state between spatially separated (removed or remote) legitimate users. A simple method of generating a dichotomy signal has also been accomplished. In fact, this method can open the way of probabilistic quantum states. We argue that quantum cryptographic systems can be partially simulated on a classical computer with entangled soliton model. The quantum entanglement is a basic tool of communication and processing of the information.
Mathematical modelling of heat transfer between two non-coaxial cylinders under the effect a constant pressure gradient
Authors: Germider O V , Popov V N
Published: June 2020

The article deals with an isothermal flow of a rarefied gas in the channel, formed by two non-coaxial cylinders. An analytic solution of the Williams equation, describing this flow, has been constructed using the kinetic approach. For the boundary condition on the channel walls, the diffusion model is used. The distribution function for various values of the ratio of radii of cylinders and Knudsen number is constructed. The dependence of the flow on the diameter of the inner cylinder and its position in the duct is investigated. The value of the heat flux through the cross-section of the channel is calculated. The analysis of the obtained results during the transition to free molecular and hydrodynamic regimes is done.
Quantum Effects of P-wave Absorption by Metallic Films
Authors: Sh Suleymanova S , Yushkanov A A , Zverev N V
Published: June 2020

An influence of the kinetic and quantum wave properties of the degenerate electron plasma on the P-wave absorption in the metallic films is studied numerically. One has investigated the films having the width of order of the skin depth when the frequencies of radiation are not larger than the plasma frequency. It is found that in case of ordinary electron relaxation time, the power absorptance coefficient of the quantum electron plasma differs from the absorptances of both the classical electron plasma and the classical electron gas. However in case of the large relaxation times, one observes a coincidence of the quantum and the classical absorptances when the frequencies are much smaller than the plasma frequency, and the difference of the absorptances at the frequencies of order of the plasma frequency.
Calculating the process of mixing fine-dispersed particles
Authors: Semenov E V , Slavyanskii A A , Nikitin I A , Klokonos M V
Published: June 2020

Mixing is one of the most common processes in food processing, chemical and other industries. This process is carried out in order to accelerate the flow of reactions, to ensure the uniform distribution of solid or liquid particles in the gas or liquid. When mixing, particles of bulk material move chaotically relative to each other in the working volume of the mixing device under the influence of internal and external forces. Due to the complexity of this process, most often the calculated dependencies are based on generalizing experimental data criteria modeling results that have a limited scope of use. Under conditions of significant uncertainty in the kinetics of the processed product in the work, a mathematical description of the mixing process is carried out using the scientific information approach and the entropy method based on this approach. Using this method, the calculation of the kinetics of the process is justified and analytical dependences are proposed for calculating the mixing efficiency of fine powder. On the basis of a meaningful analysis of the data of a numerical experiment, a check is made for the adequacy of the calculation results to the physical meaning of the phenomenon under study.
A collocation method for linear ellipsoidal model kinetic equation in a circular tube
Authors: Germider O V , Popov V N
Published: June 2020

A rarefied gas flow trough a long circular tube due to pressure is studied on the basis of the Holway linear ellipsoidal model kinetic equation. The diffuse reflection model is used as the boundary condition on the channel walls. The mass flow rate is calculated as a function of the small pressure gradient. Similar results presented in the literature are compared.
Development of an experimental model of a tourist thermoelectric generator and researching ways to increase its efficiency
Authors: Shishov K A , Chen H , Shiriaev P P , Mikhailov P G , Osipkov A S , Sattar S , Belyaev V V
Published: June 2020

The paper describes the development of an experimental model of a tourist thermoelectric generator (TTEG). TTEG is a compact portable thermoelectric device that provides direct conversion of thermal energy into electricity and is designed to boil water and charge mobile devices in camp conditions. This paper describes the model of the developed TTEG and provides an analysis of its design. The operational conditions of the TTEG are determined and the ways of optimizing its design are investigated. The main requirements for the developed TTEG model are identified in order to increase the efficiency of the device. The application of the electric load control unit with the function of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is described.
Lasers application for processing of waste products of textile and clothing industry
Authors: Ershova E S , Martynenko Yu V
Published: June 2020

This article identifies the need for active implementation and application of waste-free and low-cost industries and substantiates the need for active implementation of the latest technologies for processing light industry waste. The article discusses the possibilities of using laser machines in the process of processing textile materials from synthetic and artificial fibers and the artistic processing of waste products from the textile and clothing industry.
Frank constants calculation method for erbium-based liquid crystal
Authors: Tambovtcev I , Aksenova E , Dobrun L , Kovshik A , Ryumtsev E
Published: June 2020

The orienting effect of a magnetic field on an erbium-based liquid crystal complex was studied by a capacitance method. The dependence of the effective dielectric permittivities of the complex on the magnetic field is obtained. A theoretical approach and a numerical method for determining the Frank elastic constants are proposed based on the experimental dependence of the effective values of the permittivity on various magnetic fields.
Comparison of organic – inorganic nano-compositions created by different deformation – chemical techniques
Authors: Tsebruk I S , Pokidov A P , Kedrov V V , Klassen N V
Published: June 2020

Comparative studies of compositions from polystyrene and inorganic crystals of cesium sulfate and cesium iodide obtained by different methods gave new experimental facts and versions about particularities of structures and properties of these materials. The methods of creation of these compositions were based on two deformation – chemical techniques: solidification of micro-fibers from solutions of polystyrene with cesium sulfate and cesium iodide particles and introduction of polystyrene as the doping substance into single crystals of cesium iodide and potassium chloride by means of a ball rolling. In both cases micro- and nanosize singularities of the mass transfer were observed during the forming of these compositions. The microfibers formed by solidification of doped solutions of polystyrene turned out to be split to sets of nano – filaments. In the process of the dynamical centrifuging they formed the bundles parallel to the axis of the fiber, whereas the slow pulling of the fibers from the solution with a thin glass stick created saw-like chains of short pieces of the nano-filaments going along the axis of the fiber. These geometries were regulated by the ratios of compressive and tensile internal stresses, the chemical content of the components, lengths of the polystyrene molecules, viscosity of the solution. Superfast and superdeep mass transfer in the form of nano- and micro-filaments observed in our experiments is attributed to the soliton-like propagation provided by non-linear changes of the properties of the matrix in the vicinity of the filament. Hence wide sets of various nanostructures required by new trends of electronics, optics, etc. can be prepared by rather economic techniques.
Molecular dynamics parameters of liquid crystal mixtures with different chemical structures
Authors: Kucherov R N , Kurilov A D , Savin A V , Vasilyeva I A , Kuzmin M K , Chausov D N
Published: June 2020

Results of molecular parameters studies using methods of dielectric spectroscopy, acoustic spectroscopy and viscometry are compared. An influence of dipole-dipole interactions on the relaxation time, the coefficients of molecular friction and rotational diffusion of molecules has been established. An analysis of modern methods for determining the coefficient of molecular friction and rotational diffusion for liquid crystal mixtures of different composition is carried out. It is shown that currently there is no theory that can describe qualitatively and quantitatively the behavior of the molecular relaxation parameters of the liquid crystal mixtures.
Evaluation of channel transmission of nanoelectronic devices on low-dimensional structures with quantum confinement
Authors: Shashurin V D , Vetrova N A , Filyaev A A
Published: June 2020

A methodology has been developed for evaluation the channel transmission of nanoelectronic devices on low-dimensional 2D structures with quantum confinement and transverse current transfer. The advantage of the developed methodology is to ensure the numerical stability and increased speed of the computational model of channel transmission with a different number of heterostructure layers, which allows optimizing the calculation of the current-voltage characteristics of nanoelectronic devices and predicting their electrical parameters.
Evaluation of the efficiency of heat storage by a solid-state electric thermal storage
Authors: Khimenko A , Prantsuz O , Glebova I , Ponomarev A
Published: June 2020

Calculated and experimental studies of thermal processes and the efficiency of heat storage of solid thermal storage materials in an electric thermal storage (ETS) were carried out. Changes in the thermo physical properties of selected thermal storage materials depending on temperature are analyzed. The specific heat storage capacity in the temperature range from 50 °C to 650 °C of such materials as magnesite, chamotte, dinas, corundum was estimated. The research was carried out on an electric thermal storage with an electric power of 2.4 kW with heat storage elements made of magnesite. The temperature distribution is obtained in the heat storage element, as well as in the wall of the air channels of the heat storage elements. Measurements of the temperature of the heated air in the channels of heat storage elements and at the exit from the ETS were carried out. Temperature measurements were carried out with chromel-alumel thermocouples in a ceramic shell and chromel-kopel in a heat-resistant fabric cover. As a result of experimental studies, the temperature distribution in the heat storage elements of ETS is obtained. Based on these data it was calculated the amount of stored heat by heat storage elements of ETS for the complete cycle of its operation.
Laser based spectrophotometer for real-time monitoring of carbon monoxide production and utilization by plants
Authors: Stepanov E V , Kasoev S G , Zavalishin I V
Published: June 2020

A carbon monoxide analyzer based on tunable diode lasers was developed and used to study CO in the microcosm of some plants. Designed analyzer has high sensitivity (at the level of 5 ppb) and close to 100% selectivity to water vapors and CO2 and allows real-time online monitoring of CO in plants microcosm. In our in-vitro experiment the CO formation and release into the surrounding atmosphere were observed in the early stages of plant development (stage of germination and growth of seedlings wheat, cucumbers and colza). An intense CO absorption from the surrounding air was observed when studying the CO content in the microcosm of the formed plants.
The best absorption lines for the detection of carbon monoxide at 2.35 micron with tunable diode lasers
Authors: Stepanov E V , Kotelnikov S N , Stavtsev A Y , Kasoev S G
Published: June 2020

A modeling of high-resolution absorption spectra of carbon monoxide (CO) and other interfering gases at 2.35 um was conducted. Several CO absorption lines have been determined as the best for the use in laser based spectral analysis of CO under conditions of high humidity and high concentrations of CO2 in complex gas mixtures. Measurements of resonance absorption in these lines allow one to obtain maximum sensitivity and selectivity of CO analysis in the near-infrared spectral region.
Hypersonic approximation for distribution function of pairs of molecules in shock wave
Authors: Kuznetsov M M , Kuleshova Y D , Perov A A , Smotrova L V
Published: June 2020

New results of an analytical study of translational nonequilibrium in a shock wave are presented that are associated with the use of the exact expression for the longitudinal kinetic temperature Tx
in a simple gas. It is shown that the relative magnitude of the overshoot effect for the distribution function of the pairs of molecules inside the shock front satisfies the principle of independence from the Mach number. Asymptotically exact expressions are obtained for the effect of high-speed overshoot of the pair distribution function: “light” -“heavy” component.
Mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer processes in the graphite thermal unit of the crystallization apparatus for Horizontal directional solidification method
Authors: Yusim V A , Sarkisov S E , Ryabchenkov V V , Kloss Yu Yu , Govorun I V , Ivanova L V , Sakmarov A V
Published: June 2020

The design of ECU has been created, which allows in the process of growing halide crystals to create in the growth and annealing zones, respectively, the high-gradient and low-gradient temperature regions necessary for each of the processes. The mathematical study of the influence of the processes of hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer inside ECU, between ECU and the crystallization apparatus, is considered. For numerical calculations, the Navier-Stokes equation, the Menter differential k-ω turbulence model SST, the modified Stefan-Boltzmann law, the Fourier law are used. To describe the mechanism of heat transfer and heat conduction in solids, boundary conditions of the third kind were set. The distribution of the axial temperature gradient inside the carbon-graphite heat unit was studied. The mode of flow of the refrigerant inside the cooling jacket was determined. The radiative heat transfer between the surfaces, and the mechanisms of heat transfer and heat conduction in solids were studied.
Simulation of non-equilibrium gas kinetic processes in the multitube Knudsen pump on the basis of the Boltzmann equation
Authors: Yu Yu Kloss , Tcheremissine F G , Shirkin M Yu , Govorun I V , Shirokovskaya Yu V
Published: June 2020

A periodic system of multitube micropumps with pumping down based on the Knudsen effect is simulated in this work. The simulation is performed on an unstructured mesh. The Boltzmann equation is solved, and the advection and relaxation processes are simulated separately. The differential equation for advection is approximated with the first-order discrete difference scheme, and the collision integral is calculated with the projection method. The dependences of pump-down on the Knudsen number and temperature gradient were obtained from supercomputer computations. Data on the pumping rate were also obtained.
Physicist and teacher K. D. Kraevich and his work for national education development in post-reform Russia
Authors: Kondrateva G V , Parenkina V I , Uvarova N I
Published: June 2020

The article highlights the input of physicist and teacher K.D. Kraevich in the Physics education development in schools of post-reform Russia. It was during this time that the basis for modern Physics teaching was laid out. During this time a lot of physicists and academicians got their education, who then went on to make great discoveries in the XXth century. The article also highlights the importance of the works by K.D. Kraevich for contemporary teaching experience.
On the Coefficients of Quasi-Convex Functions
Authors: Altıntaş Osman , Aydoğan Melike
Published: June 2020

In this paper we introduce and investigate the class of T (λ, β, A, B) that we call the class of quasi-starlike and quasi-convex functions with respect to the values of the parameter λ. Also we define the class K (λ, β, µ, m, A, B) which is satisfy non-homogeneous Cauchy-Euler differential equation. We obtain coefficient bounds for the functions belonging the above classes.