bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tear ferning test in healthy dogs
Authors: Oriá Arianne P. , Raposo Ana Claudia S. , Araújo Nayone L. L. C. , Lima Felipe B. , Masmali Ali M.
Published: November 2017

Purpose

To evaluate and compare three tear sampling methods using two grading scales for administering the tear ferning test (TFT) to healthy dogs.

Methods

In total, 90 dogs (180 eyes) were subjected to tear sampling using millimetered strips, reused after the Schirmer tear test (STT) (Schirmer group, SG). Then, the dogs were subdivided into three groups according to sampling approach: micropipette (MPG), microcapillary (MCG), and Schirmer sample 2 (S2G). The collected tears were dried on a clean microscope glass slide at room temperature and humidity. The ferning patterns were observed under a polarized light microscope and classified according to the Rolando and Masmali grading scales.

Results

Although all three methods were feasible, the STT was easier to perform in clinical settings. Type I and Grade 1 were the most commonly observed (64.17% and 61.7%, respectively) regardless of collection method. There was no significant difference between the STT median values and the TFT classifications.

Conclusions

The TFT is appropriate for dogs and can be performed using the three suggested sampling methods, with a higher frequency of Type I and Grade 1. Thus, it is possible to use both grading scales in the classification of tear ferning in dogs.
An unusual case of feline acute corneal hydrops: atypical disease presentation and possible in vivo detection of Descemet's membrane detachment in the cat's unaffected eye
Authors: Schlesener Brittany N. , Scott Erin M. , Vallone Lucien V.
Published: November 2017

A 1‐year‐old, female spayed, domestic shorthair cat presented for blepharospasm of the right eye. Slit‐lamp biomicroscopic examination showed focal corneal ulceration and presumptive keratomalacia of the right eye. Examination of the left eye was normal apart from a focal endothelial opacity. Within the first 24 h of medical management, the right eye developed marked corneal edema and globular anterior protrusion of the corneal surface consistent with feline acute corneal hydrops (FACH). Surgical management consisted of a bridge conjunctival graft, nictitating membrane flap, and temporary tarsorrhaphy. Resolution of corneal edema and pain occurred in the right eye within 24 days. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) of the anterior segment was performed in both eyes. Conjunctival tissue from the bridge graft precluded examination of deeper corneal structures in the right eye. The left eye displayed a focal separation of the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane from the overlying stroma. These SD‐OCT findings are similar to the analogous syndrome found in humans and represent a potential etiology for FACH of the right eye in the case presented here. Unfortunately, the cat was lost to follow‐up and the progression of this lesion to FACH in the left eye could not be determined.
Antimicrobial resistance trends in Escherichia coli isolated from diseased food‐producing animals in France: A 14‐year period time‐series study
Authors: Boireau C. , Morignat É. , Cazeau G. , Jarrige N. , Jouy É. , Haenni M. , Madec J.‐Y. , Leblond A. , Gay É.
Published: November 2017

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria isolated from food‐producing animals is a growing concern with implications for public health. AMR surveillance is essential to identify resistance trends and help in the design of effective and efficient control strategies. The aim of the study was to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from three livestock productions in France (cattle, swine and poultry). The trend in resistance to the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in animal health was analysed as follows: amoxicillin (penicillin), spectinomycin or streptomycin (aminoglycoside), tetracycline and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole/Enrofloxacin and ceftiofur were also taken into account as members of critically important antimicrobial families in human and veterinary medicine, that is fluoroquinolones and third‐generation cephalosporins, respectively. Data collected between 2002 and 2015 by the French national surveillance network of AMR referred to as RESAPATH were analysed. Resistance trends were investigated using non‐linear analysis (generalized additive models) applied to time‐series stratified by livestock production and antibiotic. Irrespective of the species and the antibiotic considered, resistance signals over time showed no significant annual cycle. Resistance to third‐generation cephalosporins emerged during the period of the study, with a peak at 22% [20.5; 24.0] in poultry in 2010, decreasing afterwards, while it remained consistently below 10% for the other species. The proportion of resistance to fluoroquinolones was broadly similar between species and remained under 30%, with a slight decreasing trend after 2009. Resistances to tetracycline and amoxicillin remained high, between 90% and 40% over time in cattle and swine. After 2010, there was a decrease in resistance to these antibiotics for all species, especially to tetracycline for poultry with a drop from 84% in 2009 to 43% in 2015. These results contribute to risk assessment and constitute objective evidence on which to evaluate the efficacy of control measures implemented to limit AMR occurrence.
Reducing eIF4E-eIF4G interactions restores the balance between protein synthesis and actin dynamics in fragile X syndrome model mice
Authors: Santini Emanuela , Huynh Thu N. , Longo Francesco , Koo So Yeon , Mojica Edward , D’Andrea Laura , Bagni Claudia , Klann Eric
Published: November 2017

Inhibiting the translation initiation factor eIF4E corrects neuronal behavioral phenotypes in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome.
Aberrant Rac1-cofilin signaling mediates defects in dendritic spines, synaptic function, and sensory perception in fragile X syndrome
Authors: Pyronneau Alexander , He Qionger , Hwang Jee-Yeon , Porch Morgan , Contractor Anis , Zukin R. Suzanne
Published: November 2017

Inhibiting Rac1-PAK-LIMK signaling may restore synaptic function and sensory processing in patients with fragile X syndrome.
Neuronal activity drives FMRP- and HSPG-dependent matrix metalloproteinase function required for rapid synaptogenesis
Authors: Dear Mary L. , Shilts Jarrod , Broadie Kendal
Published: November 2017

The secreted protease MMP1 is localized by a cell surface proteoglycan to mediate activity-induced synaptogenesis.
Papers of note in
Science Translational Medicine
9
(414)
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: November 2017

This week’s articles describe new ways to treat some types of GI cancer and various childhood solid tumors.
Papers of note in
Science
358
(6363)
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: November 2017

This week’s articles describe the identification of a mammalian protein that is required for endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria tethering and regulates intracellular calcium dynamics in neurons.
Papers of note in
Nature
551
(7678)
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: November 2017

This week’s papers address the involvement of TGF-β signaling in the differentiation of T
H
17 cells, a checkpoint that restrains the antitumor and antivirus activities of natural killer cells, and a mechanism for erasing a parental epigenetic memory in plant embryos.
Clinical characteristics of children presenting with a suspicion or allegation of historic sexual abuse
Authors: Al-Jilaihawi Sarah , Borg Kevin , Jamieson Katharine , Maguire Sabine , Hodes Deborah
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Police-recorded sexual offences against children and young people (CYP) increased 85% in the UK between 2010/2011 and 2014/2015. Many children delay disclosure, but little data are available regarding characteristics of CYP presenting withhistoricchild sexual abuse (CSA).

Aim

To identify the clinical and CSA-related characteristics of CYP presenting with a suspicion or allegation ofhistoricCSA.

Method

Data were collected on all CYP<17 years presenting with suspected or allegedhistoricCSA (ie, >3 days since last sexual assault in prepubertal children, >7 days pubertal girls) between October 2009 and November 2014. Data collected: source and indication for referral, alleged perpetrator, physical findings. Findings supportive of CSA were peer reviewed for consensus agreement. Analysis: χ2test, Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression.

Results

Among 249 CYP, presentation with physical/behavioural symptoms was associated with age <13 years (p<0.01), and alleged penetration with ages 13–17 years (p<0.01). Where known, time since alleged CSA ranged from 1 week to 13 months. Anogenital findings supportive of CSA were present in 7% of examined children (16/233), significantly associated with alleged penetration (p<0.01) and more likely with increasing age (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.72). Additionally, where tested, sexually transmitted infections (STI) were detected in 2.6% CYP (3/116). Alleged perpetrators were intrafamilial in 66% (126/190). No associations were identified between perpetrator type and gender (p=1.0), age (p=0.7) or indication for referral (p=0.35).

Conclusions

Despite significant time delay since the alleged CSA, this study highlights the persistence of anogenital findings supportive of CSA in 7% and STIs in 2.6% of CYP.
Detrimental effects of alcohol exposure around conception: putative mechanisms
Authors: Kalisch-Smith J.I. , Moritz K.M.
Published: November 2017

In western countries, alcohol consumption is widespread in women of reproductive age, and in binge quantities. These countries also continue to have high incidences of unplanned pregnancies, with women often reported to cease drinking after discovering their pregnancy. This suggests the early embryo may be highly exposed to the detrimental effects of alcohol during the periconception period. The periconception and pre-implantation windows, which include maturation of the oocyte, fertilisation, and morphogenesis of the pre-implantation embryo, are particularly sensitive times of development. Within the oviduct and uterus, the embryo is exposed to a unique nutritional environment to facilitate its development and establish de-novo expression of the genome through epigenetic reprogramming. Alcohol has wide-ranging effects on cellular stress, as well as hormonal, and nutrient signalling pathways, which may affect the development and metabolism of the early embryo. In this review, we summarise the adverse developmental outcomes of early exposure to alcohol (prior to implantation in animal models) and discuss the potential mechanisms for these outcomes that may occur within the protected oviductal and uterine environment. One interesting candidate is reduced retinoic acid synthesis, as it is implicated in the control of epigenetic reprogramming and cell lineage commitment, processes that have adverse consequences for the formation of the placenta, and subsequently, fetal programming.
Use of tire-derived aggregate in tunnel cut-and-cover
Authors: Rodríguez Luis Medina , Arroyo Marcos , Cano Miguel Martín
Published: November 2017

A case history is reported in which tire-derived aggregate (TDA) was successfully applied to reduce the weight of fill upon a cut-and-cover railway tunnel. Subsequent three-dimensional numerical analyses are used to explore the effect of different assumptions about the constitutive model of the TDA material. Alternative dispositions of TDA around the tunnel section are also examined. Reductions of up to 60% in lining bending moment may be achieved. For the case analyzed, the elastic description of the TDA has little influence on tunnel lining loads, although it is important for fill settlement estimates.
A missing link in the peri-Gondwanan terrane collage: the Precambrian basement of the Moroccan Meseta and its lower Paleozoic cover
Authors: Letsch Dominik , Houicha Mohamed El , von Quadt Albrecht , Winkler Wilfried
Published: November 2017

This article provides stratigraphic and geochronological data from a central part of Gondwana’s northern margin — the Moroccan Meseta Domain. This region, located to the north of the Anti-Atlas area with extensive outcrops of Precambrian and lower Paleozoic rocks, has hitherto not received much attention with regard to its Precambrian geology. Detrital and volcanic zircon ages have been used to constrain sedimentary depositional ages and crustal affinities of sedimentary source rocks in stratigraphic key sections. Based on this, a four-step paleotectonic evolution of the Meseta Domain from the Ediacaran until the Early Ordovician is proposed. This evolution documents the transition from a terrestrial volcanic setting during the Ediacaran to a short-lived carbonate platform setting during the early Cambrian. The latter then evolved into a rifted margin with deposition of thick siliciclastic successions in graben structures during the middle to late Cambrian. The detritus in these basins was of local origin, and a contribution from a broader source area (encompassing parts of the West African Craton) can only be demonstrated for postrifting, i.e., laterally extensive sandstone bodies that seal the former graben. In a broader paleotectonic context, it is suggested that this Cambrian rifting is linked to the opening of the Rheic Ocean, and that several peri-Gondwanan terranes (Meguma and Cadomia–Iberia) may have been close to the Meseta Domain before drifting, albeit some of them seem to have been constituted by a distinctly different basement.
“It was kind of like if it happens it happens. It wasn’t planned, it wasn’t intentional”: Young mothers’ experiences with subsequent pregnancy in Ottawa, Canada
Authors: Fortier Elyse , Foster Angel M.
Published: November 2017

Young mothers constitute a vulnerable population in Canada. Teens with children are at significant risk of subsequent pregnancy, a dynamic that can exacerbate health, emotional, and socio-economic challenges. We aimed to understand better the dynamics shaping “rapid repeat pregnancy” among young mothers in Ottawa, explore young mothers’ subsequent pregnancy experiences, and identify how services could be improved in Canada’s capital. In 2016, we conducted in-depth interviews with 10 young mothers and semi-structured interviews with 10 key informants working with pregnant and parenting youth. We analyzed interviews for content and themes using a multi-phased, iterative process. Four major themes emerged: (1) young mothers often plan their pregnancies actively or passively; (2) violence before, during, and after pregnancy is common; (3) mental health and substance abuse issues shape pregnancy risk; and (4) becoming pregnant often serves as a source of motivation for young mothers. Our results further indicate that young mothers have difficulty finding youth-friendly, non-judgmental support services and that integrated, multidisciplinary services offering individually tailored support and building on women’s strengths will likely be more successful in helping young mothers prevent subsequent pregnancies. Increasing awareness about existing services and supporting efforts that approach teen pregnancy comprehensively and holistically appear warranted.
Systematization of α-decaying nuclei based on shell structures: The case of odd–even and odd–odd nuclei
Authors: Yarman Tolga , Zaim Nimet , Yarman Ozan , Kholmetskii Alexander , Arık Metin
Published: November 2017

In previous studies, we provided a novel systematization of [Formula: see text]-decaying even–even and even–odd nuclei starting with the classically adopted mechanism [T. Yarman et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 52 (2016) 140; Eur. Phys. J. A 53 (2017) 4]. Knowing beforehand the measured decay half-life, we had taken as a parameter the probability of the [Formula: see text]-particle as being first born in a unit period of time, within the parent nucleus before it is emitted out. We thence developed a scaffold based on shell properties of families composed of “alike nuclei”. Along the same line, we now present a systematization of odd–even (OE) as well as odd–odd ([Formula: see text]OO) nuclei. We apply our approach further to the investigation of the effect of pairing (e.g., the effect when the number of nucleons is increased by one neutron), and that of unpairing (e.g., the effect when the number of nucleons is decreased by one neutron); thus it becomes an even number for the case of odd–even nuclei [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Case OE[Formula: see text], and an odd number in the case of odd–odd nuclei [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Case OO[Formula: see text]. For the first case [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]OE[Formula: see text], we pick the exemplar set [Formula: see text]Re, [Formula: see text]Fr, [Formula: see text]Bk, [Formula: see text]Db; where we delineate by, respectively, Re, Fr, Bk, and Db all of the odd–even or odd–odd isotopes that neighbor the four mentioned odd–even isotopes on the proposed scaffold. We proceed in the same way for the second case [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]OO[Formula: see text]. Thus, we choose the exemplar set of odd–odd nuclei [Formula: see text]Ir, [Formula: see text]Ac, [Formula: see text]Es. We then gather all of the Ir, Ac, and Es odd–odd and odd–even isotopes that neighbor the three mentioned odd–odd isotopes on the proposed scaffold. We show that, in the former case, pairing, as expected, generally increases stability of the given nucleus; and in the latter case, unpairing works in just the opposite direction — i.e., it generally increases instability. We disclose “stability peaks” versus [Formula: see text] for both sets of nuclei, we tackle here. Furthermore, we present a study to highlight an outlook of “odd-A nuclei[Formula: see text]” at hand. Contrary to the general expectation, we unveil no systematic on that.
New quantum codes derived from a family of antiprimitive BCH codes
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Ruihu , Lü Liangdong , Guo Luobin
Published: November 2017

The Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) codes have been studied for more than 57 years and have found wide application in classical communication system and quantum information theory. In this paper, we study the construction of quantum codes from a family of [Formula: see text]-ary BCH codes with length [Formula: see text] (also called antiprimitive BCH codes in the literature), where [Formula: see text] is a power of 2 and [Formula: see text]. By a detailed analysis of some useful properties about [Formula: see text]-ary cyclotomic cosets modulo [Formula: see text], Hermitian dual-containing conditions for a family of non-narrow-sense antiprimitive BCH codes are presented, which are similar to those of [Formula: see text]-ary primitive BCH codes. Consequently, via Hermitian Construction, a family of new quantum codes can be derived from these dual-containing BCH codes. Some of these new antiprimitive quantum BCH codes are comparable with those derived from primitive BCH codes.
Role of karst denudation on the accurate assessment of glacio-eustasy and tectonic uplift on carbonate coasts
Authors: Mylroie John E. , Mylroie Joan R.
Published: November 2017

Quaternary glacio-eustasy has traditionally been determined in part by the examination of fossil coral reefs on carbonate islands and coasts uplifted by tectonics. These studies do not properly account for dissolutional denudation, which is cumulative, making higher and therefore older terraces exist at elevations far below their assumed depositional elevation. Karst pedestals (karrentische) on Guam reveal the extent of the denudation (
c.
50 mm ka
−1
) and demonstrate that theoretical denudation models can be accurately applied to eogenetic carbonates in tropical settings. Aeolian calcarenite islands such as the Bahamas have been used as tectonically stable sea-level calibrations for other islands, which may not be correct. Flank margin caves, forming in the distal margin of the freshwater lens within a carbonate island, are excellent sea-level indicators. Analysis of flank margin cave elevations indicates that the Bahamas have had past sea-level highstands >6 m, perhaps up to 15 m or more, for which no fossil coral data exist. Denudational removal of these older corals has biased the record to younger events and only flank margin caves remain as viable terrestrial signatures of these older sea-level highstands.
Interactions Among Invasive Plants: Lessons from Hawai‘i
Authors: D'Antonio Carla M. , Ostertag Rebecca , Cordell Susan , Yelenik Stephanie
Published: November 2017

Most ecosystems have multiple-plant invaders rather than single-plant invaders, yet ecological studies and management actions focus largely on single invader species. There is a need for general principles regarding invader interactions across varying environmental conditions, so that secondary invasions can be anticipated and managers can allocate resources toward pretreatment or postremoval actions. By reviewing removal experiments conducted in three Hawaiian ecosystems (a dry tropical forest, a seasonally dry mesic forest, and a lowland wet forest), we evaluate the roles environmental harshness, priority effects, productivity potential, and species interactions have in influencing secondary invasions, defined here as invasions that are influenced either positively (facilitation) or negatively (inhibition/priority effects) by existing invaders. We generate a conceptual model with a surprise index to describe whether long-term plant invader composition and dominance is predictable or stochastic after a system perturbation such as a removal experiment. Under extremely low resource availability, the surprise index is low, whereas under intermediate-level resource environments, invader dominance is more stochastic and the surprise index is high. At high resource levels, the surprise index is intermediate: Invaders are likely abundant in the environment but their response to a perturbation is more predictable than at intermediate resource levels. We suggest further testing across environmental gradients to determine key variables that dictate the predictability of postremoval invader composition.
Impacts of Artificial Light at Night on Biological Timings
Authors: Gaston Kevin J. , Davies Thomas W. , Nedelec Sophie L. , Holt Lauren A.
Published: November 2017

The use of artificial lighting to illuminate the night has provided substantial benefits to humankind. It has also disrupted natural daily, seasonal, and lunar light cycles as experienced by a diversity of organisms, and hence it has also altered cues for the timings of many biological activities. Here we review the evidence for impacts of artificial nighttime lighting on these timings. Although the examples are scattered, concerning a wide variety of species and environments, the breadth of such impacts is compelling. Indeed, it seems reasonable to conclude that the vast majority of impacts of artificial nighttime lighting stem from effects on biological timings. This adds support to arguments that artificial nighttime lighting has a quite pervasive and marked impact on ecological systems, that the rapid expansion in the global extent of both direct illuminance and skyglow is thus of significant concern, and that a widespread implementation of mitigation measures is required.
Error Aggregation in the Reengineering Process from 3D Scanning to Printing
Authors: Michaeli Jennifer G. , DeGroff Matthew C. , Roxas Roman C.
Published: November 2017

This work aims to study the aggregation of dimensional errors in the reengineering processes using 3D scanning and printing without initial design drawings. A 57-tooth spur gear is used as an example to facilitate the discussion. Two approaches are investigated. The first one builds the gear model based upon measurement taken from a caliper, and the second approach uses a 3D scanner to collect geometry data. Dimensional errors in each stage of these two approaches are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the geometry data flow in the reengineering process from data acquisition and editing to model construction. Recommendations are made in regard to error estimation and alleviation.
Improving Volatility Risk Forecasting Accuracy in Industry Sector
Authors: Al Wadi S.
Published: November 2017

Recently, the volatility of financial markets has contributed a necessary part to risk management. Volatility risk is characterized as the standard deviation of the constantly compound return per day. This paper presents forecasting of volatility for the Jordanian industry sector after the crisis in 2009. ARIMA and ARIMA-Wavelet Transform (WT) have been conducted in order to select the best forecasting model in the content of industry stock market data collected from Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). As a result, the researcher found that ARIMA-WT has more accuracy than ARIMA directly. The results have been introduced using MATLAB 2010a and R programming.
A New Unified Intrusion Anomaly Detection in Identifying Unseen Web Attacks
Authors: Kamarudin Muhammad Hilmi , Maple Carsten , Watson Tim , Safa Nader Sohrabi
Published: November 2017

The global usage of more sophisticated web-based application systems is obviously growing very rapidly. Major usage includes the storing and transporting of sensitive data over the Internet. The growth has consequently opened up a serious need for more secured network and application security protection devices. Security experts normally equip their databases with a large number of signatures to help in the detection of known web-based threats. In reality, it is almost impossible to keep updating the database with the newly identified web vulnerabilities. As such, new attacks are invisible. This research presents a novel approach of Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in detecting unknown attacks on web servers using the Unified Intrusion Anomaly Detection (UIAD) approach. The unified approach consists of three components (preprocessing, statistical analysis, and classification). Initially, the process starts with the removal of irrelevant and redundant features using a novel hybrid feature selection method. Thereafter, the process continues with the application of a statistical approach to identifying traffic abnormality. We performed Relative Percentage Ratio (RPR) coupled with Euclidean Distance Analysis (EDA) and the Chebyshev Inequality Theorem (CIT) to calculate the normality score and generate a finest threshold. Finally, Logitboost (LB) is employed alongside Random Forest (RF) as a weak classifier, with the aim of minimising the final false alarm rate. The experiment has demonstrated that our approach has successfully identified unknown attacks with greater than a 95% detection rate and less than a 1% false alarm rate for both the DARPA 1999 and the ISCX 2012 datasets.
Application of the AMLprofiler Diagnostic Microarray in the South African Setting
Authors: Kappala S. S. , Alessandrini M. , Matlhako T. , Beltchev E. , Pool R. , Pepper M. S.
Published: November 2017

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by proliferation of the myeloid lineage and accumulation of immature hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and is typified by marked heterogeneity both in response to treatment and survival. AMLprofiler is a qualitativein vitrodiagnostic microarray incorporating seven molecular biomarkers used to diagnose and predict posttherapy survival rates. In this study, we compared AMLprofiler to routine AML diagnostic methodologies employed in South Africa, focusing on consistency of the results, cost, and time to result. RNA was isolated from bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from patients with de novo AML and was processed using Affymetrix Gene Profiling Reagent kits. The results from AMLprofiler and standard methodologies were highly comparable. In addition, many samples were determined to be positive for biomarkers not routinely investigated in South Africa, namely,CEBPAdouble mutants,NPM1variants, and altered expression levels ofBAALCandEVI1. 38% of samples presented with no positive biomarker; AMLprofiler nonetheless enabled 26% of AML patients to be classified into either favorable or poor prognostic categories. This study highlights the comprehensive nature of the microarray. Decreased time to result and refinement of risk stratification are notable benefits.
Glycyrrhizic Acid Prevents Diabetic Nephropathy by Activating AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α Signaling in db/db Mice
Authors: Hou Shaozhang , Zhang Ting , Li Yuan , Guo Fengying , Jin Xiu
Published: November 2017

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is an effective inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We investigated the role of GA in the progression of renal injury in DN. Albumin (Alb)/creatinine (crea) levels were significantly lower, and renal histopathology was attenuated in the diabetic db/db mice that were treated with GA (15 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection) once per day for eight weeks. These changes were associated with significantly lower levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) expression. Additionally, diabetic db/db mice displayed more terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling- (TUNEL-) positive nuclei and diabetes-induced ROS production in the kidneys, and these effects were attenuated by the treatment with GA, which activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) signaling in the kidneys. In summary, in diabetic db/db mice, the effect of GA on DN involved, in part, the inhibition of ROS and the activation of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling in the kidneys. GA, therefore, shows therapeutic potential for preventing and treating DN.
Sodium Mercaptoethane Sulfonate Reduces Collagenolytic Degradation and Synergistically Enhances Antimicrobial Durability in an Antibiotic-Loaded Biopolymer Film for Prevention of Surgical-Site Infections
Authors: Rosenblatt Joel , Reitzel Ruth A. , Viola George M. , Vargas-Cruz Nylev , Selber Jesse , Raad Issam
Published: November 2017

Implant-associated surgical-site infections can have significant clinical consequences. Previously we reported a method for prophylactically disinfecting implant surfaces in surgical pockets, where an antibiotic solution containing minocycline (M) and rifampin (R) was applied as a solid film in a crosslinked biopolymer matrix that partially liquefied in situ to provide extended prophylaxis. Here we studied the effect of adding sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (MeSNA) on durability of prophylaxis in anin vitromodel of implant-associated surgical-site infection. Adding MeSNA to the M/R biopolymer, antimicrobial film extended the duration for which biofilm formation by multidrug-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa(MDR-PA) was prevented on silicone surfaces in the model. M/R films with and without MeSNA were effective in preventing colonization by methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus. Independent experiments revealed that MeSNA directly inhibited proteolytic digestion of the biopolymer film and synergistically enhanced antimicrobial potency of M/R against MDR-PA. Incubation of the MeSNA containing films with L929 fibroblasts revealed no impairment of cellular metabolic activity or viability.
Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations in Canada
Authors: Mitchell Ian , Defoy Isabelle , Grubb ElizaBeth
Published: November 2017

Objective. To examine the socioeconomic burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease for Canadian infants hospitalized for the condition.Data and Methods. The descriptive study used data collected in Alberta, Canada, during 2 consecutive RSV seasons. Infants (<1 year of age) were included if they had not received palivizumab and were hospitalized with a confirmed diagnosis of RSV. Hospitalization resource use and parental time burden, out-of-pocket costs, lost work productivity, and stress and anxiety were assessed.Results. 13.4% of all infants (n = 67) had intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and average ICU stay for these infants was 6.5 days. Families had average out-of-pocket expenses of 736.69 Canadian dollars (CAD $), and the average time both parents spent in hospital was nearly 7 days (164.0 hours). For working parents (n = 43), average absenteeism was 49% and overall work impairment was 77.8%. Parents also exhibited significant parental stress (3.6 on the Parental Stressor Scale: 43.9 state anxiety and 36.9 trait anxiety scores).Conclusions. Results indicate a high burden associated with the hospitalization of an infant due to RSV disease in terms of resource use, time, productivity, costs, and stress, even among a population of infants not considered to be at risk for the condition.
Iterative Full-Wave Analysis of Mandelbrot-Inspired Fractal Patch Antenna on Textile Substrate for UWB Applications
Authors: Silva Neto V. P. , D’Assunção A. G.
Published: November 2017

This work presents the analysis of monopole microstrip antennas with truncated ground plane and patch geometry inspired on the Mandelbrot fractal curve for applications in UWB systems. The proposed antenna geometry is analyzed using the Wave Concept Iterative Procedure (WCIP), a full-wave method. Results for the proposed antenna operating frequency, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, and radiation pattern are obtained and discussed. The WCIP results are compared with simulation results provided by HFSS software, for validation purpose. In addition, a prototype antenna is built and measured. A good match between WCIP theoretical and simulation, HFSS simulation, and measurement results is observed for the antenna frequency response.
Effects of the Growth Time and the Thickness of the Buffer Layer on the Quality of the Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Chuen J.
Published: November 2017

Direct growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) array onto silicon substrate by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is reported. Experimental results show that the thickness of the buffer layer has a significant effect on the morphology and defects of the array, and when the buffer layer is about 15 nm, the best array on the silicon substrate can be obtained. Moreover, when the growth time is less than the threshold time (70 minutes), the array height will increase with the increase of the time. Importantly, when the growth time is higher than this threshold time, the growth of array will stop, but when the growth is continuing, the amorphous carbon and carbon can cluster, which will affect the structure of the array. These results provide a good material basis for the device, thermal, and conductivity technology.
Theoretical and Experimental Verification of Dynamic Behaviour of a Guided Spline Arbor Circular Saw
Authors: Mohammadpanah Ahmad , Hutton Stanley G.
Published: November 2017

An analysis of the dynamic and stability characteristics of a guided wood cutting spline arbor circular saw is presented. A multibody dynamic model is developed to consider the idling and cutting characteristics. The model considers the interaction between the blade, the arbor, and the guide pads. The model is capable of analyzing in-plane and out-of-plane edge forces which enables simulation of the cutting performance of the saw. In order to verify the computer model, an experimental test of a guided spline saw during idling run-up is presented. The frequencies and amplitudes of the blade vibrations are documented and plotted. Cutting tests are also conducted and the cutting forces are estimated. The results of a simulation of the idling response of the blade by the computer model and the experimental results are in a good agreement. Factors that significantly affect the characteristics of guided spline saws during cutting are discussed. The computer model is shown to be capable of predicting stable cutting operations of a guided spline saw.
Can Replacing CA125 with HE4 in Risk of Malignancy Indices 1–4 Improve Diagnostic Performance in the Presurgical Assessment of Adnexal Tumors?
Authors: Abdalla Nabil , Piórkowski Robert , Stanirowski Paweł , Cendrowski Krzysztof , Sawicki Włodzimierz
Published: November 2017

Aims. To assess whether replacing CA125 with HE4 in the classical formulas of risk of malignancy indices (RMIs) can improve diagnostic performance. Methods. For each of 312 patients with an adnexal mass, classical RMIs 1–4 were computed based on ultrasound score, menopausal status, and serum CA125 levels. Additionally, modified RMIs (mRMIs) 1–4 were recalculated by replacing CA125 with HE4. Results. Malignant pathology was diagnosed in 52 patients (16.67%). There was no significant difference in diagnostic performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]) between each classical RMI and its corresponding mRMI. In the entire sample, the AUC was 0.899, 0.900, 0.895, and 0.908 for classical RMIs 1–4 compared to 0.903, 0.929, 0.930, and 0.931 for mRMIs 1–4. In premenopausal patients, the AUC was 0.818, 0.798, 0.795, and 0.802 for classical RMIs 1–4 compared to 0.839, 0.875, 0.876, and 0.856 for mRMIs 1–4. In postmenopausal patients, the AUC was 0.906, 0.895, 0.896, and 0.906 for classical RMIs 1–4 compared to 0.907, 0.923, 0.924, and 0.930 for mRMI 1–4. Conclusions. Use of HE4 instead of CA125 did not significantly improve diagnostic performance of RMIs 1–4 in patients with an adnexal mass.
The Nonsmooth Vibration of a Relative Rotation System with Backlash and Dry Friction
Authors: He Minjia , Li Shuo , Wang Jinjin , Lin Zhenjun , Liu Shuang
Published: November 2017

We investigate a relative rotation system with backlash and dry friction. Firstly, the corresponding nonsmooth characters are discussed by the differential inclusion theory, and the analytic conditions for stick and nonstick motions are developed to understand the motion switching mechanism. Based on such analytic conditions of motion switching, the influence of the maximal static friction torque and the driving torque on the stick motion is studied. Moreover, the sliding time bifurcation diagrams, duty cycle figures, time history diagrams, and theK-function time history diagram are also presented, which confirm the analytic results. The methodology presented in this paper can be applied to predictions of motions in nonsmooth dynamical systems.
Calcifying Matrix Vesicles and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Chistiakov Dimitry A. , Myasoedova Veronika A. , Melnichenko Alexandra A. , Grechko Andrey V. , Orekhov Alexander N.
Published: November 2017

Artery calcification is a well-recognized predictor of late atherosclerotic complications. In the intima media, calcification starts with apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the release of calcifying matrix vesicles with diameter of 0.5–15 μm that can be observed microscopically. In complicated plaques, calcification is generally less frequent. Calcifying vesicles are released by proatherosclerotic VSMCs into the collagen-rich matrix. The vesicles can penetrate into the intima media and protrude into the arterial lumen and thereby may represent a potential cause of atherothrombosis. In calcified fibrolipid plaques, the rate of calcification is increased but is followed with healing of a lesion rupture and exhibited by further erosion and/or intimal thickening. Generally, calcification directly correlates with the apoptosis of VSMCs and macrophages accompanied by the release of osteogenic matrix vesicles. This is a hallmark of atherosclerosis-related apoptosis of VSMCs that is commonly released in plaque stabilization.
An Improved Privacy-Preserving Framework for Location-Based Services Based on Double Cloaking Regions with Supplementary Information Constraints
Authors: Kuang Li , Wang Yin , Ma Pengju , Yu Long , Li Chuanbin , Huang Lan , Zhu Mengyao
Published: November 2017

With the rapid development of location-based services in the field of mobile network applications, users enjoy the convenience of location-based services on one side, while being exposed to the risk of disclosure of privacy on the other side. Attacker will make a fierce attack based on the probability of inquiry, map data, point of interest (POI), and other supplementary information. The existing location privacy protection techniques seldom consider the supplementary information held by attackers and usually only generate single cloaking region according to the protected location point, and the query efficiency is relatively low. In this paper, we improve the existing LBSs system framework, in which we generate double cloaking regions by constraining the supplementary information, and then k-anonymous task is achieved by the cooperation of the double cloaking regions; specifically speaking, k dummy points of fixed dummy positions in the double cloaking regions are generated and the LBSs query is then performed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the experiments on real datasets.
Convolutional Neural Networks with 3D Input for P300 Identification in Auditory Brain-Computer Interfaces
Authors: Carabez Eduardo , Sugi Miho , Nambu Isao , Wada Yasuhiro
Published: November 2017

From allowing basic communication to move through an environment, several attempts are being made in the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) to assist people that somehow find it difficult or impossible to perform certain activities. Focusing on these people as potential users of BCI, we obtained electroencephalogram (EEG) readings from nine healthy subjects who were presented with auditory stimuli via earphones from six different virtual directions. We presented the stimuli following the oddball paradigm to elicit P300 waves within the subject’s brain activity for later identification and classification using convolutional neural networks (CNN). The CNN models are given a novel single trial three-dimensional (3D) representation of the EEG data as an input, maintaining temporal and spatial information as close to the experimental setup as possible, a relevant characteristic as eliciting P300 has been shown to cause stronger activity in certain brain regions. Here, we present the results of CNN models using the proposed 3D input for three different stimuli presentation time intervals (500, 400, and 300 ms) and compare them to previous studies and other common classifiers. Our results show >80% accuracy for all the CNN models using the proposed 3D input in single trial P300 classification.
A Hybrid Wavelet-Based Method for the Peak Detection of Photoplethysmography Signals
Authors: Li Suyi , Jiang Shanqing , Jiang Shan , Wu Jiang , Xiong Wenji , Diao Shu
Published: November 2017

The noninvasive peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and the pulse rate can be extracted from photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. However, the accuracy of the extraction is directly affected by the quality of the signal obtained and the peak of the signal identified; therefore, a hybrid wavelet-based method is proposed in this study. Firstly, we suppressed the partial motion artifacts and corrected the baseline drift by using a wavelet method based on the principle of wavelet multiresolution. And then, we designed a quadratic spline wavelet modulus maximum algorithm to identify the PPG peaks automatically. To evaluate this hybrid method, a reflective pulse oximeter was used to acquire ten subjects’ PPG signals under sitting, raising hand, and gently walking postures, and the peak recognition results on the raw signal and on the corrected signal were compared, respectively. The results showed that the hybrid method not only corrected the morphologies of the signal well but also optimized the peaks identification quality, subsequently elevating the measurement accuracy of SpO2 and the pulse rate. As a result, our hybrid wavelet-based method profoundly optimized the evaluation of respiratory function and heart rate variability analysis.
Tuning the Photoluminescence of Graphene Quantum Dots by Fluorination
Authors: Luo Yi , Xu Yongjie , Li Ming , Sun Lang , Hu Guanghui , Tang Tao , Wen Jianfeng , Li Xinyu
Published: November 2017

Fluorinated graphene quantum dots (F-GQDs) were prepared by mixing GQDs and XeF2 in a facile gaseous phase heating method. The F-GQDs with excellent water solubility have a F/C atomic ratio of 84.25% and a diameter of 2–6 nm. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of GQDs and F-GQDs were investigated systematically. The results showed that the PL emission of the F-GQDs exhibited an obvious blue-shift of 90 nm compared to that of the GQDs.
Growth and Fruit Yield of Okro as Influenced by Genotypes and Mulch in the Guinea Savannah Conditions of Ghana
Authors: Agyare Richard Yaw , Abdulai Mashark Seidu , Buah Samuel Saaka , Ayipio Emmanuel , Bonsu Samuel Kwame , Kamga Regine Tchientche
Published: November 2017

The experiment was carried out to assess the suitability of different mulch materials in enhancing the growth and fruit yield of okro. Ten okro genotypes were evaluated in a split plot design with 3 replications. Three treatments of mulch (black plastic, grass, and no mulch) represented the main plots with the genotypes as the subplots. The result indicated significant (P<0.05) genotypic variability among the genotypes for all parameters except plant girth. However, genotype and mulch interaction was not significant. The genotype Sasilon had the tallest plants (82.6 cm) and the highest fruit yield under all mulch conditions while Koni had the widest fruits (34.1 mm) with TZ SMN 10-3 having the longest fruits (16.11 cm). Number of fruits per plant ranged from 30 to 11 with an average of 21. Mulching significantly (P<0.05) influenced all parameters except fruit width and mean fruit weight. Plastic mulched plots had the greatest heights while no mulching had the least. The highest average yield was obtained under plastic mulch (3.49 t/ha) which was 4.2% higher than grass (3.34 t/ha) and 11% higher than no mulch (3.11 t/ha). The study has shown that mulching with black plastic or grass ensures vigorous growth and improves the fruit yield of okro.
Safety and Efficacy of Intratumoral Injections of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Tchou Julia , Zhao Yangbing , Levine Bruce L. , Zhang Paul J , Davis Megan M. , Melenhorst Jan Joseph , Kulikovskaya Irina , Brennan Andrea L , Liu Xiaojun , Lacey Simon F. , Posey Avery D. , Williams Austin D. , So Alycia , Conejo-Garcia Jose R. , Plesa Gabriela , Young Regina M. , McGettigan Shannon , Campbell Jean , Pierce Robert H. , Matro Jennifer M. , DeMichele Angela M. , Clark Amy S. , Cooper Laurence J. , Schuchter Lynn M. , Vonderheide Robert H. , June Carl H.
Published: November 2017

Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are synthetic molecules that provide new specificities to T cells. Although successful in treatment of hematologic malignancies, CAR T cells are ineffective for solid tumors to date. We found that the cell-surface molecule c-Met was expressed in ∼50% of breast tumors, prompting the construction of a CAR T cell specific for c-Met, which halted tumor growth in immune-incompetent mice with tumor xenografts. We then evaluated the safety and feasibility of treating metastatic breast cancer with intratumoral administration of mRNA-transfected c-Met-CAR T cells in a phase 0 clinical trial (NCT01837602). Introducing the CAR construct via mRNA ensured safety by limiting the nontumor cell effects (on-target/off-tumor) of targeting c-Met. Patients with metastatic breast cancer with accessible cutaneous or lymph node metastases received a single intratumoral injection of 3 × 107 or 3 × 108 cells. CAR T mRNA was detectable in peripheral blood and in the injected tumor tissues after intratumoral injection in 2 and 4 patients, respectively. mRNA c-Met-CAR T cell injections were well tolerated, as none of the patients had study drug–related adverse effects greater than grade 1. Tumors treated with intratumoral injected mRNA c-Met-CAR T cells were excised and analyzed by immunohistochemistry, revealing extensive tumor necrosis at the injection site, cellular debris, loss of c-Met immunoreactivity, all surrounded by macrophages at the leading edges and within necrotic zones. We conclude that intratumoral injections of mRNA c-Met-CAR T cells are well tolerated and evoke an inflammatory response within tumors. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(12); 1152–61. ©2017 AACR.