bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
»Judenkrankheiten«. Eine methodologische Orientierung im Diskursdschungel
Authors: Wolff Eberhard
Published: June 2019

The article suggests ways of dealing with the intricate discourse on »Jewish Diseases« from antiquity up to the present - both within and beyond anti-Semitism. Firstly, it presents a four-dimensional model that systemizes the different ways in which the sources talk about the subject. In employing this model the article develops images of Jews and Judaism constructed by them. Secondly, the article distinguishes between a »documenting« and a »deconstructive« way in which the sources are used in the humanities. However, since sources dealing with »Jewish Diseases« are always biased and based on subjective premises, the article pleads for investigating the latter. This even applies to the modern biomedical discourse, for instance on »genetic Jewish Diseases«, which promotes the biologisation and essentialisation of what it means to be Jewish.
Lepra Hebraeorum. Ein antisemitisches Krankheitskonstrukt des 19. Jahrhunderts und seine Entwicklung
Authors: Jankrift Kay Peter
Published: June 2019

In the first half of the 19th century, based on a misunderstanding and misinterpretation of biblical texts, several German physicians transformed the phenomenon named »Zara’at« in Hebrew into a specific disease called »Lepra Hebraeorum«, »Lepra Judeorum« or »Lepra Mosaica«. The authors applied traditional anti-Semitic stereotypes in order to explain the origins of this fictitious hereditary illness, which was said to befall Jews especially and to be transmitted by them to Non-Jewish populations. The genesis of »Lepra Hebraeorum« was completed by Christian ideas of the disease, linking leprosy to a sinful lifestyle and lust. However, in Jewish conceptions »Zara’at« never has been connected to sin or even to disease. It was rather regarded as a warning or punishment for derogatory speech. Soon after the discovery of »Mycobacterium leprae« in 1873 any reference to »Lepra Hebraeorum« disappeared from German medical writings.
Juden und Tuberkulose
Authors: Hödl Klaus
Published: June 2019

In my article, I discuss the American debate on the predisposition of Jews in the 19th and early 20th centuries toward tuberculosis. In focusing on the illness, I compare the Jewish population with the African American population. While physicians at the time thought that there was widespread immunity to the disease among Jews, it was reported that there was an above-average number of cases among African Americans. Both groups differed significantly from white Americans. I argue that not only differences but similarities between Jews and non-Jews, too, were written into the medical discourse at the time. I demonstrate this through an analysis of contemporary medical texts. I believe that historians have overwhelmingly neglected to incorporate such publications into their analyses, because they feared that the historical evidence they contain might challenge their assumptions.
Jüdisch-christliche Volksmedizin in einer Idylle Saul Tschernichowskys
Authors: Feinberg Anat , Jütte Robert
Published: June 2019

When working as a country doctor in Czarist Russia, the Jewish author and poet Saul Tschernichowsky (1875-1943) had close contact with the rural population and with the Jews living there. Meeting the village folk and peasants brought back memories of his own childhood spent in the country that made him realize the discrepancy between »yesterday’s world« and modern times. Academic medicine did not count for much in the country. The peasants wanted »proper« drugs, by which they meant drugs whose strong smell and conspicuous colour suggested effectiveness. Some of Tschernichowsky’s medical experiences from that time have found their way into his literary oeuvre, for instance into the stories »be-inyan ha-mumchim« (Concerning experts) and »ze’adim rishonim« (First steps), and particularly also into his idyll »Berele chole« (Berele is sick), composed in 1907, which is an attempt at making this literary genre also fruitful for Modern Hebrew Literature. Analysis of its content reveals that the historiographic inference that Jewish and non-Jewish religious-magic medicine overlap and influence each other is congruent with Tschernichowsky’s poetically alienated description.
Zur späten Korrespondenz zwischen Josef Horovitz und Shlomo Goitein
Authors: Twardella Johannes
Published: June 2019

Josef Horovitz was one of the most important orientalists of his time. Born in 1874 in Lauenburg (Pommern), he died unexpectedly in 1931 at the age of 57 in Frankfurt am Main, just before the National Socialists came to power. His letters and postcards, written in the years 1930-31 to his disciple Shlomo Dov Goitein, provide information about their relationship but also give a good insight into the differences in the scientific approach between the generations. They are also revealing with regard to Horovitz’ scientific work and his position on the »Jewish question«. It becomes clear that, at that time, Horovitz was working on a commentary on the Koran which he could not finish because of his early death. And as for the »Jewish question«, it shows that he believed in the possibility of a peaceful coexistence between Jews and Arabs in Palestine on the basis of a mutual recognition of interests.
The Politics of the Basic Income Guarantee: Analysing Individual Support in Europe
Authors: Vlandas Tim
Published: June 2019

This article analyses individual level support for a Basic Income Guarantee (BIG) using the European Social Survey. At the country level, support is highest in South and Central Eastern Europe, but variation does not otherwise seem to follow established differences between varieties of capitalisms or welfare state regimes. At the individual level, findings are broadly in line with the expectations of the political economy literature. Left-leaning individuals facing high labour market risk and/or on low incomes are more supportive of a BIG, whereas current union members are less likely to support a BIG, consistent with the insider-outsider literature. However, when controlling for confounding variables, union membership is not statistically significant, suggesting that it is not membership per se, but the characteristics of unionised workers that make them less supportive. In many countries, a coalition between centrist and left-leaning individuals therefore seems most promising, but its political feasibility depends on whether enough union members are favourable to a BIG and on the level of opposition from high income and/or conservative parts of the electorate.
Entrenchment inhibition: Constructional change and repetitive behaviour can be in competition with large-scale “recompositional” creativity
Authors: Tantucci Vittorio , Di Cristofaro Matteo
Published: June 2019

This paper addresses creativity as inhibition of repetitive behaviour. We argue that entrenchment and constructional change can be in competition with large-scale creative attempts of recomposition of constructions’ internal constituency. After undergoing chunking, the recurrent usage of a construction may be significantly counterbalanced with new attempts of entrenchment inhibition (viz. inhibition of entrenchment). These are cases where speakers opt for more compositional and less predictable ways to express a similar meaning of a conventionalised form. We focus on the constructionalisation of noun–participle compounds (e.g.snow-covered) in the Historical Corpus of American English. During the second part of the twentieth century, speakers increasingly inhibit the usage of conventionalised noun phrase–past participle forms in favour of more compositional strategies involving the same internal constituents. This entails that constructional change not only affects the meaning of the chunk that undergoes constructionalisation but also the way speakers creatively rediscover its internal constituency. These results additionally aim to inform research in cognitive architectures and artificial intelligence, where creativity is often merely considered as a problem-solving mechanism rather than a potential process of inhibition of automatised behaviour.
Hegels Satz
Authors: Raatzsch Richard
Published: June 2019

For Hegel, what ought to be the case is the case and is, at the same time, not the case. I call this proposition „Hegel’s Proposition“. The elucidation, which Hegel’s Proposition obviously invites, moves from distinguishing two kinds of Ought and Is, respectively, through looking at the concepts of will and action, to reminding us of ways in which the world is both perfect and defective. Examined in this way, the so-called relation between Is and Ought turns out to be just that: a so-called, i. e. not a real, relation.
Preliminary market analysis of PEEK in South America: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Beltrão Victor de Cerjat , Figueiredo Marco Antonio Gaya de , Corrêa Harrison Lourenço
Published: June 2019

The increasing applications of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) in the industry makes this polymer appealing for the development of a new industry focused on its production. PEEK displays remarkable mechanical properties that are not commonly found in polymeric materials, and its biocompatibility becomes attractive for the manufacture of prosthesis, stents and many other medical apparatuses. In addition, the new technique of Additive Manufacturing (AM) enables the printing of highly complex geometries with low weight, aiming the automotive and aeronautic industries as well. Despite not being relatively new, there are not many enterprises producing PEEK in the world, especially in the South American market. This raises a question regarding the size of the PEEK market in this region and the expected demand for the upcoming years. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze and predict the demand of PEEK for the Mercosur and Brazil markets, verifying the feasibility of the creation of a specialized industry in the region.
Core versus Non-Core Terms and Legal Controls over Consumer Contract Terms: (Bad) Lessons from Europe?
Authors: Gómez Pomar Fernando
Published: June 2019

Not all contract terms pose the same perils for efficient contracting and for consumer welfare. EU Law and the laws of many Member States make a distinction between core and non-core contract terms and tend to exempt the former from the ex-post substantive unfairness review to which the latter are subject to. By reviewing how the CJEU and European legal commentators have justified and construed the terms of Art. 4(2) of Directive 93/13 we may obtain a general picture of the analytical underpinnings deployed to provide useful content to that provision. The prevailing European approach is (unsurprisingly, perhaps) predominantly legalistic and uninterested in empirics. The CJEU analysis remains (unsurprisingly, perhaps) immune to the implications from the theoretical and empirical literature that economics and Law & Economics has produced in order to understand how market forces and other non-legal incentives for contract quality interact with ex post controls implemented by courts and based on broad legal standards. The ALI Restatement on Consumer Contracts may cogently make use of that input in crafting a less formalistic legal regime.
European Unfairness and American Unconscionability: A Letter From a European Lawyer to American Friends
Authors: Sibony Anne-Lise
Published: June 2019

The Unfair Contract Terms Directive (UCTD) and the Common Law doctrine of unconscionability in the United States both pursue the same aim: they seek to protect consumers against abuse of power by traders who are in a position to exploit the asymmetry of the contracting process. However, both sets of rules rest on different premises. In particular, they allocate trust differently between courts and markets. This accounts for deep-running differences despite apparent similarities. This contribution analyses these similarities and differences by commenting on the unconscionability doctrine as expressed in the Draft Restatement of consumer contracts from a European point of view.
A continuous stable isotope record of last interglacial age from the Bulgarian Cave Orlova Chuka
Authors: Pawlak Jacek , Błaszczyk Marcin , Hercman Helena , Matoušková Šárka
Published: June 2019

Recent research shows that the last interglacial climate was more unstable in comparison to Holocene. Lack of suitable dating techniques and precisely defined absolute age benchmarks is one from main problems for present LIG studies. Therefore many of LIG chronologies base on indirect dating techniques like record alignment strategies. In this context, speleothems are valuable paleoclimate archives because of their capability to be dated by U-series method. In Europe LIG speleothem records are known mostly from western and central part of the continent. In this paper we present a 1,650 mm long stalagmite (ocz-6) from Bulgarian Cave Orlova Chuka. The ocz-6 stalagmite records the period of time ca. 129–112 ka. Ocz-6 stalagmite was analyzed in terms of stable isotopic composition of calcite and trace elements content. All analyzed geochemical proxies point to dynamic changes in the environment during the Last Interglacial time. At the time of interglacial development (129–126.5 ka), ocz-6 records shows systematic change in proportion of moisture delivered from Atlantic source and other sources. The beginning of last interglacial optimum is connected with a rapid change to more humid and warm conditions. During interglacial demise local climate become more dependent from regional settings.
Anticoagulant, thrombolytic and antibacterial activities of Euphorbia acruensis latex-mediated bioengineered silver nanoparticles
Authors: Roy Kaushik , Srivastwa Ambikesh K. , Ghosh Chandan K.
Published: June 2019

In this report, we present a simple and unexplored procedure for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles featuring exudation of Euphorbia acruensis along with the study of its antibacterial and anticoagulant properties. Analytical techniques like ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to analyse the production, crystallinity and morphology of bio-reduced silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial study was performed by following standard disc diffusion method. Most importantly, the anticoagulant and thrombolytic activities of biogenic silver nanoparticles were evaluated by addition of nanoparticles to human blood samples under practical conditions. These green synthesized silver nanoparticles were found to have potent antibacterial, anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties which make them an attractive choice for future medical applications.
Das Lesen der Schundkämpfer
Authors: Rössel Raphael
Published: June 2019

In contrast to former research, this paper argues that moral crusaders strategically focused on the plot level of (historical) popular literature. This article asserts that text and reception need to be combined when analysing moral panicking about textual popular culture. This approach is presented by contextualising the public denigration of two distinct narrative elements of the imported dime novel series Nick Carter in Imperial Germany, namely its urban setting and its hands-on detective hero, with changes in the perception of city life and in criminological epistemology. Departing from this example, this contribution reflects on the general benefits of such an approach for reception-oriented criticism.
Reduzierte Romantik
Authors: Gardian Christoph
Published: June 2019

Adalbert Stifter’s writing scheme for the story collection Bunte Steine (Many-colored Stones) is based on a paradigm of restoration that aims at renewing an original – a paradigm he himself had applied as a conservator of art monuments. In contrast to the outcomes of his conservatory work, the contradictions inherent to restorative desire come to light in his literary texts. As a result, the ‘realistic’ text is undermined by a ‘romantic’ structure which is difficult to control.
Increasing air pollution and its impact on human health
Authors: Ahmad Tauseef
Published: June 2019

In 2019, World Health Organization (WHO) considered air pollution as the greatest risk to human health. Since, the beginning of 20th century, urbanization has increased greatly and its role in economic sector and social development is very clear but as a consequence altering our planet in ways that pose current threats to environmental and human health. Every day, out of ten nine people breath polluted air. Every year, an estimated 7 million people prematurely died from stroke and cancer, heart and lung diseases.
Análisis psicosocial del suicidio en personas jóvenes indígenas Bribris
Authors: Arroyo Araya Helga , Herrera González Damián Gerardo
Published: June 2019

Este artículo recupera el proceso reflexivo de construcción colectiva de saberes, realizado en conjunto con personas líderes, actores institucionales y personas jóvenes de las comunidades indígenas Bribris de “Sepecue, Shiroles, Suretka y Bambú”, durante el periodo de agosto del 2015 a julio del 2017. Como principal conclusión se destaca que el suicidio es la expresión de un trauma psicosocial zanjado por prácticas sistemáticas de colonización (históricas, sociales, políticas, económicas y culturales), que han incidido en el debilitamiento de las identidades culturales y de la construcción subjetiva en el territorio indígena Bribri. Sin embargo, la investigación también permite concluir que el vínculo y el fortalecimiento de lo cultural, constituyen las vías de resistencia para afrontar esta problemática.
Estado del arte sobre narcoviolencia en Costa Rica
Authors: Saborío Sebastián
Published: June 2019

En Costa Rica, el conocimiento sobre la narcoviolencia, es decir, la violencia vinculada al narcotráfico y al narcomenudeo, es escaso y muy fragmentado. Este artículo tiene el objetivo de mostrar cuál es, a nivel nacional, el estado del arte sobre este tema. Unificando el conocimiento existente sobre la narcoviolencia, se brinda un análisis y síntesis que pueden servir a aquellos que, desde el sector público y la sociedad civil, quieran entender cuáles son las características principales de dicho fenómeno, con el fin de buscar e implementar nuevas soluciones. En particular, se explica qué se entiende en el país por criminalidad organizada; qué sabemos sobre el impacto que el narcotráfico internacional tiene sobre el contexto nacional; cómo se organizan los grupos del narcomenudeo en las comunidades urbano-marginalizadas y cuáles son las causas sociales de este problema. En un segundo momento, son señalados los vacíos existentes en la literatura y, con base en estos se indican posibles rutas para futuras investigaciones académicas.
Alapellátás, alapellátók Magyarországon, 2018
Authors: Rurik Imre
Published: June 2019

Abstract:

Trends and the main problems since the introduction of primary care (PC) system in Hungary (1992) were evaluated. Shortage of human resources, reduced professional competences, enormous administrative burden, and inappropriate health policy is described. There are no primary care guidelines and reliable quality indicators. Professional education of family physicians, working nowadays in the PC system, is appropriate. Their workload and the number of patients’ visit are high, mainly because of the low health literacy in the general population and due to the administrative requirements. Although financing has been increased in the previous years, it is less than desired. PC needs a priority in the healthcare system; providers need higher income and attractive professional carrier, more focus to PC in the undergraduate education. Legislations in PC should be based on conceptual planning and consensus of professional bodies. Decision making needs a previous evaluation of expected outcomes, quality insurance should be developed, appropriate performance payment, less and rational administrative tasks, new structures of PC provision should be implemented respecting the local needs, supported by a clear communication of policy makers. PC system at higher level could have more benefit for the population. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(24): 926–935.
MODEL EKONOMI PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA CAKALANG DI INDONESIA
Authors: Suhana Suhana , Kusumastanto Tridoyo , Adrianto Luky , Fahrudin Achmad
Published: June 2019

Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) merupakan salah satu sumber daya ikan bernilai ekonomi tinggi di perairan Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pertama, mengetahui kondisi pengelolaan sumber daya ikan Cakalang di WPP NRI. Kedua, merumuskan model pengelolaan sumber daya ikan Cakalang, yang menyediakan manfaat ekonomi optimal berdasarkan pendekatan bio-ekonomi. Ketiga, merumuskan strategi optimal dampak kebijakan pada produksi ikan Cakalang dengan pendekatan model keseimbangan umum (CGE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perikanan Cakalang di perairan Indonesia selama periode 2010-2016, mengalami lebih tangkap (overfishing) ekonomi dan biologi. Pengelolaan sumber daya ikan Cakalang dapat memberikan keuntungan ekonomi dalam keseimbangan Maksimum Economic Yield (MEY). Berdasarkan hasil simulasi Model CGE Cakalang, terlihat bahwa kebijakan (shock) penurunan produksi tangkapan ikan Cakalang sebesar 7,04% dapat mendorong peningkatan harga ikan Cakalang baik ditingkat produsen (5,33%) dan konsumen dalam negeri (5,45%). Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa model CGE-Cakalang sangat sesuai dengan teori ekonomi sumber daya.Title: Economic Model of Skipjack Resource Management in IndonesiaSkipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) is one of fish resource that has important economic value in Indonesian waters. The objectives of this study were to : 1) identify the condition of skipjack resource management in WPPNRI; 2) to formulate a model of Skipjack resources management in order to provide its optimum economic benefit based on bio-economy approach; 3) to formulate the best strategies to respond government policy on skipjack production with general equilibrium model (CGE). The results showed that the Skipjack resources in Indonesian waters during period of 2010-2016 experienced economic and biological overfishing. Skipjack resources management offered economic benefits in equilibrium maximum economic yield (MEY). CGE Model of Skipjack shows that decreased production of Skipjack will increase its price among producers by 5,33 %, local consumer price of 5,45%. This condition showed that the Skipjack CGE models are conform with the economic theory of resource economics
Germination Ecology of Lathyrus aphaca, a Problematic Weed of Wheat Crop under Semi-Arid Conditions of Pakistan
Authors: AAMIR M. , KHAN E.A. , BALOCH M.S. , ASLAM M.
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT: Lathyrus aphaca is an aggressive dicotyledonous weed. The effect of different agroecological components/factors on the germination ecology of this weed was explored under a glasshouse and laboratory condition in 2014. The germination response of L. aphaca was lower at high temperature while maximum seed germination was found at 15/12 oC (day/night). Light significantly stimulated L. aphaca germination; nevertheless, substantial germination occurred under dark conditions. More than 86-90% of L. aphaca seeds germinated at pH level of 6.2-7.5. A significant quantity of seed germinated at 250 mM NaCl. There was no germination at -1 MPa. When the temperature was lower than 20/15 oC (day/night) initiation time of germination and germination index (GI) decreased but time to 50% germination (T50) and mean germination time (MGT) increased. Darkness resulted in increased time to start germination, T50, MGT and decreased GI in L. aphaca when compared with the 10 and 12 h photoperiods. The pH of 6 and above 7 enhanced germination time, T50, MGT but decreased GI. Salt stress above 100 mM increased time to germination, T50, MGT but reduced GI. Osmotic potential above -0.4 MPa increased initial germination time, T50 and MGT as well as decreased germination index (GI) of L. aphaca. Increased seed depth in soil lowered germination percentage and GI but enhanced initial germination time, T50, MGT. It was concluded that L. aphaca can grow over a wide range of agroecological/environmental conditions. These results may aid the development of agronomic tools and strategies for weed management in arable crops for yield enhancement.
Bioassay for Determining Persistence of the Herbicide Saflufenacil in an Oxisol
Authors: DIESEL F. , TREZZI M.M. , VIDAL R.A. , BARANCELLI M.V.J. , MIZERSKI P.H.F.
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT: Persistence of an herbicide is defined as the ability to maintain the integrity of its molecule and chemical, physical, and phytotoxic properties in the environment where it was applied. Knowledge of persistence has implications both for the toxicity generated on species grown in succession and for the period in which the herbicide controls weeds. This study aimed to assess the persistence of the herbicide saflufenacil in an Oxisol by means of bioassays. Two experiments with the application of 29.4 g ha-1 of saflufenacil were carried out under field conditions: the first in the 2011/2012 season and the second in the 2012/2013 season. Soil samples were collected at depths of up to 10 cm at different times after application. Subsequently, two bioassays were carried out in a greenhouse by using beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as bioindicators. The studies were carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments consisted of periods after saflufenacil application (0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 50, and 100 days). The crop was also considered as a factor. Stand, height, and phytotoxicity of plants were assessed in both agricultural seasons at 14, 21, and 28 days after sowing (DAS), as well as shoot fresh (SFM) and dry matter (SDM) at 28 DAS. In general, saflufenacil persistence was between 25 and 35 days. Beet was more sensitive to the presence of saflufenacil in the soil when compared to cucumber. Herbicide effects were higher in the 2012/2013 season when compared to the 2011/2012 season.
South African renewable energy investment barriers: An investor perspective
Authors: De Jongh Derick , Ghoorah Dhirendra , Makina Anesu
Published: June 2019

As recently as the year 2010, renewable energy contributed less than 1% of all the energy sources in South Africa. Possible reasons include the lack of private sector investment in Renewable Energy technologies. By way of a structured interview methodology, this paper explores the reasons why private investors are reluctant to invest in renewables. The responses point to political, economic, social and technological barriers limiting private investment in renewable energy. Other barriers that were identified include poverty, low levels of education, limited technological readiness and access to the electricity grid. Some of these barriers are specific to the South African context. The paper concludes that a closer relationship between government and the private sector is required to stimulate innovation in the renewable energy sector.
A PV power supply module for a portable Cubesat satellite ground station
Authors: Mwanyasi Gustave M. , Adonis Marco
Published: June 2019

This research focuses on the problem of powering a remote and mobile satellite ground station, where utility power is unavailable. It focuses on the use of photovoltaic energy, which is now widely accepted as an alternative source of energy. However, PV suffers from low conversion efficiency, non-linear I-V characteristics, which depend on temperature changes and the earth rotation. The research focuses on accurate determination of the ground station power budget whose total power demand involves an azimuth and rotator function and a current which varies depending on the stages of communication with the satellite. The power budget is used to determine the size, the ratings of solar generators, batteries and the system components. With the aid of a power logger, the PV voltage, the battery voltage, the AC voltage and PV power output is analysed for varying satellite loads. The data is analysed by taking into account the solar irradiation level on the day of measurement and the percentage cloud cover. This method is found to improve the reliability and can be adopted to improve reliability of standalone PV systems. The results are vital in PV power management and design.
Optimization and effects of process variables on the production and properties of methyl ester biodiesel
Authors: Eloka-Eboka Andrew C. , Igbum Ogbene Gillian , Inambao Freddie L.
Published: June 2019

Optimization of the production process in biodiesel production holds huge prospects. A reduced cost option is the optimization of process variables that affect yields and purity of biodiesel, which was achieved in this study. Optimized production and direct effects of process variables on the production and quality of methyl ester biodiesel fuels from the non-edible seed oils of sandbox seed was carried out. Catalyst nature and concentration, alcohol to triglyceride molar ratio, mixing speed, reaction time and temperature were taken into consideration as variables to their individual response on the yields, viscosity and specific gravity of the methyl esters produced. These are specific indispensable properties of biodiesel for use in compression ignition engines. Optimized concentrations were 0.3 to 1.5% w/v and two mole ratios of 3:1 and 6:1. Time of reaction was varied (5mins to 30mins) with temperatures (38oC and 55oC). Also, the effect of methanol in the range of 4:1and 6:1 (molar ratio) was investigated, keeping catalyst type, reaction time and temperatures constant. The effects of KOH and NaOH on the transesterification were investigated with concentration kept constant at 1%. The general response in this study was that at optimized rate of agitation (800rpm), optimized reaction time was as low as 5minutes, 1% catalyst concentration of NaOH was the optimal concentration, and 55oC was the optimal temperature with attendant high yields. However, there are variations with the nature of feedstock as the work further exposed. These high points are particularly of interest to guide against process backdrop.
An assessment of electricity supply and demand at Emfuleni Local Municipality
Authors: Mzini Loraine , Lukamba-Muhiya Tshombe
Published: June 2019

Globally, electricity has become a modern tool to supply energy to households. This study investigates the supply and demand of household electricity and sustainability of distribution centres at Emfuleni Local Municipality (ELM). South Africa follows a vigorous programme of electrification, spearheaded by Eskom. Eskom is a South African state-owned power company which strives to meet the country’s increasing demand for energy. Resi-dential energy demand is growing as population levels rise and the number of households in ELM increases. Recently (2008–2010) in South Africa there have been unprecedented levels of load shedding nationally and there is a shortage of centres to purchase electricity. Furthermore, households do not receive uninterrupted electricity on a daily basis, largely because of stolen electrical cables and illegal connections. Low-income residents of Evaton, ELM, were interviewed. Empirical surveys were conducted and a theoretical exposition drawn up to meet the objectives of the study. It was found that electricity supply and demand in ELM is adequate but there is a shortage of selling points in Evaton and there are barriers towards the effectiveness of electricity consumption. In addition, public awareness programmes must continue to educate the communities to avoid stealing the electrical cables. Illegal connection must be reported to the local councillors for them to make sure that this activity is stopped in Evaton.
Practical considerations for low pressure solar water heaters in South Africa
Authors: De Meyer Oelof , Okou Richard , Sebitosi Adoniya Benaya , Pillay Pragasen
Published: June 2019

This paper presents the results of the design parameters that affect natural convection of Low Pressure (LP) Solar Water Heaters (SWH) in South Africa. Fluid flow plays an important role in the heat transfer process associated with natural convection. Three partial differential governing equations were considered. These equations are non-dimensionalized and a similarity solution was applied to obtain two coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations which are solved in MATLAB. Two scenarios were considered for the simulation, a vertical wall with a constant wall temperature and a vertical wall with a constant heat flux. The temperature and velocity profiles were obtained for both scenarios and compared. The effect of the length, diameter and tilt angle of the tube in relation to the amount of heat transferred to the water was investigated specifically for Cape Town. These results are used to discuss design and installation considerations for LP SWHs and are presented in the paper.
A pilot test of ethanol gel as a paraffin replacement in a low-income urban environment
Authors: Lloyd Philip
Published: June 2019

This paper describes the results of a pilot programme to introduce ethanol gel as a replacement for paraffin for cooking in a low-income informal settlement, Samora Machel, in the Philippi district of Cape Town. A baseline study had shown that paraffin was the dominant source of energy in this community, and that the community knew that its use was both hazardous and unhealthy, but they had no apparent alternative. A gel fuel meeting the requirements of SANS 448 was identified and supplies ordered. A burner system meeting the requirements of SANS 666 was not available on the market; instead it was necessary to use all that could be found. The Agrifood Technology Station at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) was tasked with finding ways to cook using ethanol gel, with accent being placed on cooking safely and using the least possible quantity of gel for a standard menu. After several fruitless attempts to launch a programme, a successful meeting was held at the crèche in Samora Machel at which a number of residents agreed to take part in the pilot programme. Soon thereafter, there was a fire in which many residents lost all their possessions, and when stoves were distributed free of charge, and five litres of gel sold at a subsidised price, all stoves were eagerly taken. The demonstration of how to cook using the gel was held at the point of distribution, and people taking stoves were shown how they worked and how to keep them clean. Every week for four weeks, a sample of the participants was contacted to determine their response to cooking on gel. Virtually every response was most positive, and at the end of that period the participants in the pilot programme requested that the supply of gel should continue as long as possible.
The energy profile of a low-income urban community
Authors: Lloyd Philip
Published: June 2019

As part of a household energisation experiment, a baseline survey was undertaken from a sample of 152 households in the informal settlement of Samora Machel. The survey covered energy needs for cooking, space heating, water heating, lighting and any other demands, the costs of energy and total household monthly expenses. The average home had 3-4 inhabitants in less than 2 rooms. Paraffin was the primary source of energy for cooking and space heating, and played a significant role in water heating and lighting. Electricity was quite widely available, but was used primarily for low-power services such as radios and cellphones. Only 10% of all homes had a refrigerator. 20% of all homes purchased LP gas regularly but only used it on social occasions. Fuelwood was collected rather than purchased, and mainly burned in an open brazier, both for cooking and space heating. Space heating was primarily by cookstove; only one home had a specially designed heater using paraffin fuel. The median household expenditure was R1 800/month and 20% of this was spent on energy services. About half the homes are at risk of energy poverty, where lack of energy could give rise to a range of health problems, particularly during the colder months.
Investigation of common-mode voltage and ground leakage current of grid-connected transformerless PV inverter topology
Authors: Raji Atanda K. , Kahn Mohamed T. E.
Published: June 2019

The problems of increasing electricity demand by the unabated population and economy growth can be solved by employing sustainable distributed generation technologies. Convectional primary energy sources such as coal, liquid hydrocarbons’ and natural gasses create environmental degradation and energy security problems. Even though the cost of solar energy is zero, the same cannot be said of a solar energy system. The system cost especially the initial capital investment has been hindering the rapid deployment of solar energy systems. One way of reducing the system cost of a solar energy system is to look into the constituent components and see where cost can be reduced without compromising the system efficiency and human safety. Eliminating the isolation transformer reduces the cost and increases the system overall efficiency. However, the galvanic connection between the PV array and the utility grid creates a safety problem for people and system equipment. We present a simplified model for the investigation of the common mode voltage and ground leakage current that can lead to electromagnetic interference. The leakage current level is used for the determination of the suitability of the investigated PV inverter topology for grid connection without isolation transformer.
Aggregate and regional demand for electricity in Malaysia
Authors: Solaymani Saeed , Najafi Sayed Mohammad Bager , Kari Fatimah , Satar Nurulhuda Binti Mohd
Published: June 2019

The main objective of this paper is the analysis of electricity consumption in Malaysia as a whole and its three regions, namely, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. This analysis has been carried out using distinguished data in sectoral level for 44 quarters (2000Q1-2010Q4). For this purpose, two log-log static and dynamic panel demand functions are estimated. The dynamic model, which is based on a partial adjustment approach, is used to compare with the static model. The aggregate and the three regional models are estimated based on their economic sectors in both the dynamic and static methods. This study seeks to reveal some features of electricity consumption in Malaysia and its regions. It is found that the short and long- run price elasticities of electricity demand in all regions of Malaysia are inelastic. Consumers’ responsiveness to changes in electricity prices in the short-run is low, while they have a high response to the long-run changes in the entire Malaysian economy and its regions. This means that, while the short and long-run price elasticities of electricity demand are lower than one, the magnitudes of the long-run elasticities are greater than the short-run elasticities. Moreover, all elasticities in the dynamic models are smaller than the static models. The estimated short and long-run cross-price elasticities of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) are negative which suggests that LPG and electricity are complementary goods.
Performance of an autonomous solar powered absorption air conditioning system
Authors: Bvumbe Tatenda J. , Inambao Freddie L.
Published: June 2019

The demand for air conditioning is increasing due to changing architectural trends and increased standards of living and indoor comfort conditions. Coupled to this, refrigerants used in conventional refrigeration systems have detrimental effects on the environment. As a result, there is an urgent need to implement environmentally cleaner ways of satisfying this air-conditioning demand. Absorption cooling systems have shown great potential to do so. In this study, system performance data for an autonomous solar heating and cooling system installed at the Vodafone Site System Innovation Centre, at the Vodacom Campus in Midrand was collected and analysed. The system comprises a 116 m2 vacuum tube collector array, a 6.5 m3 hot water storage tank, a 35 kW LiBr-Water absorption chiller, 1 m3 of cold water storage, a dry cooler for the chiller, and two underground thermal stores to pre-cool the supply air to the building and the dry cooler respectively. System performance data was collected from the beginning of December 2011 to the end of January 2012 and used to estimate the system long term performance. The chiller has an average coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.51 whilst the solar COP has an average value of 0.24. The total installation cost is R2 822 436.89, with an annuity of R225 949.75 and a cost per kWh of R28.88.
Theoretical investigation of a combined Kalina and vapour-absorption cycle
Authors: Tariq Mohammad , Nema Vinod Kumar
Published: June 2019

A program has been developed to calculate enthalpies at the salient points (later referred to as stations) of a combined power and cooling cycle provided pressure, temperature, mixture concentration and condition are known at these points. The ammonia-water mixture, which is taken as the working fluid, may be at one of the following seven conditions namely, superheated vapour mixture, mixture of superheated component of ammonia and pseudo vapour component of water, saturated vapour mixture, wet vapour mixture, saturated liquid mixture, mixture of subcooled water and pseudo liquid ammonia and subcooled mixture of subcooled components of ammonia and water. The mixture boiling-point temperature and dew-point temperature, needed to establish the condition of the working fluid, are functions of absolute pressure, critical pressure and critical temperature of the mixture; later two depend on the mixture concentration and the corresponding critical values of water at the given station. Using typical values of the variables as listed above, enthalpies at all stations are predicted. The predicted enthalpies are close (within 3%) to those available in the literature except at two stations where the mixture was weak in ammonia and its temperature was either in the near vicinity of the mixture boiling-point temperature or below the saturation temperature of pure ammonia at the concerned pressure. Using the predicted values of enthalpies, thermal efficiency of the combined power and cooling cycle has been calculated.
supplemental appendix for manuscript entitled Drug eluting stent specifically designed to target vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation attenuated restenosis through YAP pathway v1
Authors: Huang Chen
Published: June 2019

supplemental appendix for manuscript entitled Drug eluting stent specifically designed to target vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation attenuated restenosis through YAP pathway
Effects of whole-body vibration exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the proposition of a suitable and safe protocol. v1
Authors: Liane Paineiras-Domingos Laisa , de Oliveira Guedes-Aguiar Eliane , Eduarda de Souza Melo Oliveira Maria , Lírio Pereira da Silva Adriana , Eduardo dos Santos Tiago , Eduardo dos Santos Diego , Bressa Monteiro de liveira Bruno , Sá-Caputo Danúbia , Moreira-Marconi Eloá , Bernardo-Filho Mario , Henrique da Costa Claudia , Rufino Rogério
Published: June 2019

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disease related to various systemic manifestations including dyspnea, exercise intolerance and peripheral muscular dysfunction, with a direct impact on functional capacity. Objectives: To describe a whole body vibration exercises (WBVE) protocol to verify the clinical benefits, and the potential of exacerbation of the disease. Methods: Individuals diagnosed with COPD, aged ≥ 40 years, will be randomly distributed into 4 groups: control group (CG) who will not undergo WBVE, with their normal daily routine; group who will be exposed to WBVE in the sitting position in an auxiliary chair once a week (GS1) and twice a week (GS2); and WBVE group twice a week in the standing position with knee flexion (GP2). The protocol will last 6 weeks, each session will have 5 sets of 1 min vibration with 1 min rest, frequency 25 Hz and peak-to-peak displacement 2.5 mm. Muscle strength and function will be assessed through manual dynamometry and surface electromyography and dyspnea using the Modified Borg Scale (MBS) and the Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale. Discussion: WBVE, due to the various effects already described, seem to be a promising exercise modality for individuals with COPD, potentially being used as an instrument for pulmonary rehabilitation. Previous result showed that the WBVE program can improve the physical performance , the neuromuscular function and the quality of life of individuals with COPD, without the exacerbation of the disease.
Agro Transformation for Mimulus in Planta Transformation v1
Authors: Yuan Yaowu
Published: June 2019

This protocol is part of a collection for Mimulus in planta transformation.
Agro Preparation for Mimulus in Planta Transformation v1
Authors: Yuan Yaowu
Published: June 2019

This protocol is part of a collection for Mimulus in planta transformation.
Plant Infiltration for Mimulus in Planta Transformation v1
Authors: Yuan Yaowu
Published: June 2019

This protocol is part of a collection for Mimulus in planta transformation.
data process for early warning scoring system v1
Authors: Liang Wu Chieh
Published: June 2019

This is a protocol for data retrival, data cleaning, data integration and analysis for construction of early warning scoring system.
Translation and cultural adaptation of Lithuanian version of the anterior cruciate ligament return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI) scale v1
Authors: Salatkaitė Saulė , Šiupšinskas Laimonas , Gudas Rimtautas
Published: June 2019

Purpose To translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the scale to Lithuanian. Methods The process of translation and cultural adaptation followed the recommendations of international guidelines. All included patients were after unilateral ACL reconstruction. Study participants completed IKDC, Tegner and ACL-RSI-Lt questionnaires. Reliability, construct validity and internal consistency were measured. Results Study included 65 patients after ACL reconstruction: mean age 25.55 ± 6.77, mean height 180.91 ± 11.78 cm, mean weight 79.12 ± 14.88 kg and mean BMI 24.01 ± 2.90. The ACL-RSI-Lt showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbanch’s alpha 0.94). Scale scores were correlated with IKDC score (r = 0.637, p < 0.001) and IKDC subscales (r = 0.530-0.581, p < 0.001) and Tegner activity score (r = 0.303-0.493, p < 0.001). Tegner activity score before injury was significantly higher than after ACLR (6.95 ± 1.49 vs. 6.1 ± 1.37, p < 0.001). Conclusions The ACL-RSI is successfully translated into Lithuanian (ACL-RSI-Lt). It is valid and reliable scale to evaluate the psychological impact of returning to sports in Lithuanian patients after ACLR surgery.
BG11 medium v1
Authors: Culture Collection Roscoff
Published: June 2019

Medium to grow freshwater cyanobacteria.
SN medium v1
Authors: Culture Collection Roscoff
Published: June 2019

Used for some cyanobacteria in particular Synechococcus.
Anestesia para ECT no ICS v1
Authors: Magalhães Nunes Guimarães Gabriel
Published: June 2019

Este protocolo faz parte de um conjunto de protocolos do Instituto Castro e Santos. Este protocolo limita-se à
Safety protocols for Aquatic Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee. v1
Authors: W Wilhelm Steven , Lecleir Gary , A Humphrey Ashley
Published: June 2019

This is a collection of safety protocols as used by the Aquatic Microbial Ecology Research Group. Science & Engineering Room 637 (O); 634 (Lab)
Cleaning up a biohazardous spill outside of a biosafety cabinet v1
Authors: W Wilhelm Steven , Lecleir Gary , A Humphrey Ashley
Published: June 2019

BIOLOGICAL SPILL RESPONSE method to be used in the event of a biosafety incident.