bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximizing Seed Production in Eastern Gamagrass
Authors: Lemke Bryce M. , Gibson Lance R. , Knapp Allen D. , Dixon Phillip M. , Moore Kenneth J. , Hintz Roger
Published: November 2018

Use of eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) for grazing or cut forage has been partially limited because of indeterminate inflorescence development combined with low seed yields and high seed costs caused by high seed shattering. This study was conducted to observe the influence of N rate and defoliation on inflorescence appearance, seed loss, and viability of harvested seed in two cultivars of eastern gamagrass at Boone, IA, in 2000 and 2001. Treatments included application of N at 0, 56, 112, 224 kg ha−1 and spring, fall, and no defoliation. Cultivar had the greatest influence on seed yield. ‘Pete’ produced greater total numbers of terminal and lateral inflorescences and cupules than ‘Iuka’ in both years. Reductions in seed production occurred with spring defoliation in Iuka for the first year of the study and Pete during both years. In 2000, seed on lateral inflorescences was decreased 20% during the peak seed load. In 2001, seed yield for spring‐defoliated plants of Pete was less than that of fall‐defoliated plants, but not significantly different from nondefoliated plants. Addition of 56 kg ha−1 N increased seed load in the second year of the study. Optimal harvest time occurred approximately 2 wk after terminal cupules began shattering. Seed harvested 1 wk earlier than this had 5 to 15 percentage points more immature seed. Seed yield was 13 to 20% less if harvests were taken 1 wk later than the optimal date.
Evaluation of Corn Hybrids at Two Stages of Development for Grazing Heifers
Authors: Karsten H. D. , Roth G. W. , Muller L. D.
Published: November 2018

Grazing‐based livestock producers in the northeastern USA most commonly grow corn (Zea mays L.) for silage. Corn could be grazed during dry periods when cool‐season pasture is limited. To assess the value of grazing corn, we compared four hybrids [‘Baldridge grazing maize’; ‘Cargill F657’, a bm3 brown midrib hybrid (Bmr); ‘Pioneer brand 3335’; and a commercial silage blend] at silking and milk–dough stages of development under grazing with eight Holstein heifers (Bos taurus) for 3 yr in Pennsylvania. Yield, forage disappearance (pre‐ minus postgrazing dry matter), and forage quality were measured. Economic feed and economic yield values for all hybrids and stages of development were calculated. Differences among hybrids in yield, forage disappearance, and quality were minor, resulting in small differences in economic value except for Bmr, which had high seed cost. Delaying grazing from silking to milk–dough stage increased yield from 2.4 to 6 Mg ha−1 and forage disappearance from 2.2 Mg ha− 1 at silking to 4.9 Mg ha−1 at milk–dough (average of 3 yr). Crude protein and fiber content decreased from silking to milk–dough stage. Because of the higher yield at the milk–dough, economic yield values were $104 ha−1 or $310 ha−1 higher in 2 of 3 yr. Economic yield value of grazing corn at the milk–dough stage averaged $133 ha−1 higher than the estimated economic yield of high quality corn silage, primarily due to harvesting and silo‐filling costs. When grazing management promoted high utilization, grazing corn at the milk–dough stage offered a substitute to purchasing stored feed, particularly when inexpensive, high quality hybrids were grazed.
Optimal Plant Population and Nitrogen Fertility for Dryland Corn in Western Nebraska
Authors: Blumenthal Jürg M. , Lyon Drew J. , Stroup Walter W.
Published: November 2018

Dryland corn (Zea mays L.) production increased more than 10‐fold from 1995 through 2000 in semiarid western Nebraska. Corn population and N fertilizer management recommendations are needed for this area. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of plant population and N fertility on corn yields in semiarid western Nebraska. In 1999 and 2000, experiments were conducted each year at four sites. Factorial experimental treatments were five plant populations (17300, 27200, 37100, 46900, and 56800 plants ha−1) and five N fertilizer rates (0, 34, 67, 101, and 134 kg N ha−1) arranged in a randomized complete block with five blocks. Corn yields ranged from less than 100 kg ha−1 to more than 5550 kg ha−1. Overall, grain yield increased 353 kg ha−1 with increasing population from 17300 to 27200 plants ha−1. Population increases above 27200 plants ha−1 resulted in inconsistent yield results. Nitrogen fertilization and plant population effects did not interact. Yields were maximized by 202 kg N ha−1 in the form of soil NO3–N and fertilizer N available before crop emergence. Growers are advised to use a plant population of 27200 plants ha−1. Economic optimal fertilizer rate can be estimated using the equation: Nfert. = (10.6 × Pcorn − Pfert.)/(0.0526 × Pcorn) − Nsoil, where Pcorn and Pfert. are corn and fertilizer price ($ kg−1), respectively, Nsoil is soil test NO3–N (kg ha−1) as determined by preplant soil test in a 0‐ to 120‐cm soil sample, and Nfert. is economic optimal fertilizer rate (kg ha−1).
Simulation Supplements Field Studies to Determine No‐Till Dryland Corn Population Recommendations for Semiarid Western Nebraska
Authors: Lyon Drew J. , Hammer Graeme L. , McLean Greg B. , Blumenthal Jürg M.
Published: November 2018

In a 2‐yr multiple‐site field study conducted in western Nebraska during 1999 and 2000, optimum dryland corn (Zea mays L.) population varied from less than 1.7 to more than 5.6 plants m−2, depending largely on available water resources. The objective of this study was to use a modeling approach to investigate corn population recommendations for a wide range of seasonal variation. A corn growth simulation model (APSIM‐maize) was coupled to long‐term sequences of historical climatic data from western Nebraska to provide probabilistic estimates of dryland yield for a range of corn populations. Simulated populations ranged from 2 to 5 plants m−2. Simulations began with one of three levels of available soil water at planting, either 80, 160, or 240 mm in the surface 1.5 m of a loam soil. Gross margins were maximized at 3 plants m−2 when starting available water was 160 or 240 mm, and the expected probability of a financial loss at this population was reduced from about 10% at 160 mm to 0% at 240 mm. When starting available water was 80 mm, average gross margins were less than $15 ha−1, and risk of financial loss exceeded 40%. Median yields were greatest when starting available soil water was 240 mm. However, perhaps the greater benefit of additional soil water at planting was reduction in the risk of making a financial loss. Dryland corn growers in western Nebraska are advised to use a population of 3 plants m−2 as a base recommendation.
Soil Fertility and Indigenous Nutrient Supply in Irrigated Rice Domains of Asia
Authors: Dobermann A. , Witt C. , Abdulrachman S. , Gines H. C. , Nagarajan R. , Son T. T. , Tan P. S. , Wang G. H. , Chien N. V. , Thoa V. T. K. , Phung C. V. , Stalin P. , Muthukrishnan P. , Ravi V. , Babu M. , Simbahan G. C. , Adviento M. A. A.
Published: November 2018

Knowledge‐intensive approaches have been proposed to manage the variability in indigenous nutrient supplies (IS) in irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) systems. On‐farm experiments were conducted at 155 locations in seven domains of Asia to quantify the variability of soil properties, grain yield, and nutrient uptake in N, P, and K omission plots (0‐N, 0‐P, and 0‐K, respectively). Except for pH, coefficients of variation of soil properties within a domain ranged from 17 to 43%. Similar ranges were measured for grain yield and plant nutrient uptake in nutrient omission plots, which served as crop‐based estimates of indigenous N, P, and K supply. Soil properties showed little association with plant nutrient uptake or grain yield in nutrient omission plots. Mean grain yields in nutrient omission plots increased in the order 0‐N (3.9 Mg ha−1) < 0‐K (5.1 Mg ha−1) ≤ 0‐P (5.2 Mg ha−1). Soils, climate, and crop management caused large variability of IS among irrigated rice domains, years, growing seasons, and fields within a domain. Grain yield and nutrient uptake in omission plots were mostly higher in high‐yielding than in low‐yielding climatic seasons. No changes in indigenous N supply occurred for periods of 4 to 6 yr in the same seasons. Grain yields in nutrient omission plots were strongly correlated with each other and also with the yield in the fertilized farmers' fields. Fertilizer recommendations should be fine‐tuned to spatial domains with relatively uniform agroecological characteristics, cropping practices, and socioeconomic conditions. Within such domains, season‐specific management of the IS variability can include field‐specific approaches.
Estimating Indigenous Nutrient Supplies for Site‐Specific Nutrient Management in Irrigated Rice
Authors: Dobermann A. , Witt C. , Abdulrachman S. , Gines H. C. , Nagarajan R. , Son T. T. , Tan P. S. , Wang G. H. , Chien N. V. , Thoa V. T. K. , Phung C. V. , Stalin P. , Muthukrishnan P. , Ravi V. , Babu M. , Simbahan G. C. , Adviento M. A. A. , Bartolome V.
Published: November 2018

Nutrient supplies from indigenous sources (IS) can be estimated by measuring plant nutrient uptake in nutrient omission plots. On‐farm experiments were conducted in irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) domains of Asia to evaluate relationships of plant N, P, and K uptake with soil tests or grain yield measured in N, P, and K omission (0‐N, 0‐P, and 0‐K, respectively) plots and to develop guidelines for the use of omission plots in site‐specific management. Relationships between grain yield or nutrient accumulation and soil tests were scattered. Only 17% of the variation in plant N uptake in 0‐N plots was explained by total soil organic C. Extractable Olsen P explained 34% of plant P uptake in 0‐P plots, whereas 1 M ammonium acetate K showed no common relationship with plant K uptake in 0‐K plots. With good calibration, indigenous supply of N (INS), P (IPS), and K (IKS) can be estimated from grain yields in omission plots with a precision of about ±5 to 10 kg N ha−1, ±2 to 3 kg P ha−1, and ±10 to 20 kg K ha−1, respectively. Sampling requirements for estimating domain‐specific IS values depend on the homogeneity of the domain of interest. For irrigated rice domains of about 100 to 200 km2, grain yield in omission plots should be measured in at least one high‐yielding season in about 10 farms to estimate the domain mean INS, IPS, and IKS. Future research should focus on developing geospatial techniques for delineating fertilizer recommendation domains based on biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics that determine yield potential, IS, and response to fertilizer.
Geostatistical Analysis of Field Spatial Distribution Patterns of Soybean Cyst Nematode
Authors: Avendaño Felicitas , Schabenberger Oliver , Pierce Francis J. , Melakeberhan Haddish
Published: November 2018

Site‐specific management of soybean cyst nematode [Heterodera glycinesIchinohe] (SCN) is plausible if its spatial and temporal dynamics are adequately known and structured. The hypothesis that variation in the spatial distribution of SCN is sufficient in magnitude and structure and sufficiently time invariant to support the use of site‐specific management in SCN‐infested fields was tested. A nested survey sampling design with distances reduced by geometric progression was applied on two fields in Michigan. Cysts were extracted from single‐core soil samples collected before planting in 1999 and 2000, the number of eggs per cyst was estimated, and the number of eggs per sample was obtained by multiplying eggs per cyst by the number of cysts. The distribution of the three variables was characterized using geostatistical tools such as semivariograms, kriging, and cross‐correlograms on log‐transformed values of the original data. Mean cyst population density ranged from 6 to 33 cysts 100 cm−3soil in the two fields. Although the spatial structure of SCN population varied between fields and SCN population density varied between years, the location of areas of high or low cyst density could be identified repeatedly. The reasons why nematodes exhibited an aggregated distribution are not yet understood. The evaluation of factors associated with the determination of SCN spatial distribution is part of an ongoing project toward the development of SCN site‐specific management.
Corn and Soybean Response to Rotation Sequence, Row Spacing, and Tillage System
Authors: Pedersen Palle , Lauer Joseph G.
Published: November 2018

Row spacing less than 76 cm for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is becoming more common. However, little information is available on row spacing in different rotation sequences. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of rotation sequence, row spacing, and tillage system on corn and soybean yield. Corn and soybean were planted in 19‐, 38‐, and 76‐cm row spacing in conventional tillage and no‐tillage systems. Both crops were compared in seven rotation sequences. Few interactions were found between row spacing and tillage or between row spacing and rotation sequence for corn or soybean yield. Corn grain yield decreased 11% using the 19‐cm row spacing compared with the 38‐ and 76‐cm row spacings. Corn grain yield decreased 5% using the no‐tillage system compared with the conventional tillage system. Corn rotated annually with soybean and first‐year corn after 5 yr of consecutive soybean yielded 15% more than continuously grown corn. Soybean yield was not affected by row spacing. No‐tillage soybean yield was 6% higher than the conventional tillage system. First‐year soybean after 5 yr of consecutive corn yielded 8% more than the other six rotation sequences. We concluded that corn–soybean cropping history and tillage system were not important for determining optimum row‐spacing system for corn or soybean. The use of a row‐spacing system less than 76 cm was not beneficial for either crop.
Pulse Crops for the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Miller P. R. , Gan Y. , McConkey B. G. , McDonald C. L.
Published: November 2018

To optimize cropping system benefits from pulse crops, it is important to understand their effects on subsequent crops. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.) stubbles on yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.) or canola (B. napus L.), and lentil or pea when grown on soils with clay and loam textures. This study was conducted between 1996 and 1999 in southwestern Saskatchewan. Rotational benefits of pulse crops (chickpea, lentil, and pea) to wheat appeared more consistent on the clay than the silt loam soil. Adjusting fertilizer N rates to account for estimated total N contribution from the previous pulse crop effectively neutralized the benefits on wheat yield and protein compared with the effects following mustard. Canola or mustard productivity was occasionally greater when grown on pea or lentil stubbles compared with mustard and wheat stubbles. The yield increase was attributed to increased available water. Under drier‐than‐normal conditions, pea yields were highest when grown on wheat stubble. Wheat productivity was least when grown on its own stubble. Pea and lentil provided rotational benefits to wheat, mustard, and canola and benefitted most from being grown in wheat stubble, indicating a strong fit for diversified cropping systems on the semiarid northern Great Plains.
Optimization of Phosphorus Index and Costs of Manure Management on a New York Dairy Farm
Authors: Giasson Elvio , Bryant Ray B. , Bills Nelson L.
Published: November 2018

Manure allocation on large‐scale confinement animal feeding operations is a complex management decision. This study assesses the cost effectiveness and the risk of P loss associated with various combinations of manure management options for a typical midsized dairy farm in New York State. The farm has 587 adult dairy cows (Bos taurus) and 430 young animals (1202 animal units). Fifty‐three fields (26 cornfields and 27 pastures) ranging in size from 1 to 15 ha are available to receive livestock manure. Morgan's Soil Test P values range from 1.1 to 87.3 kg ha−1 (mean of 20.1 kg ha−1). Options included optimal allocation of manure in time and space, surface application, incorporation, and manure storage facilities of three‐, six‐, and eight‐month storage capacities. The decision process considered nutrient management costs (manure handling and fertilization) and the New York State P Site Index (P Index) as an indicator of one of the environmental impacts of manure management. Mathematical programming techniques and utility functions are used to select the best combination of manure management practices. The results show a convergence indicating that the best management decision would be to follow a manure allocation scheme optimized in time and space, to have three months of manure storage capacity, and to surface‐apply manure. Compared with current practices, the recommended combination of practices results in an approximate 45% reduction in the mean area‐weighted P Index (64.2 vs. 36.1) for a cost increase of less than 2% ($146 573 vs. $148 821).
Yield Goal versus Delta Yield for Predicting Fertilizer Nitrogen Need in Corn
Authors: Lory J. A. , Scharf P. C.
Published: November 2018

Fertilizer N needs of corn (Zea mays L.) vary widely both among and within fields. Many states use yield goal to help determine differences in fertilizer N need, but some states have questioned yield goal–derived recommendations because of the poor correlation of yield with fertilizer N need. In this study, data from 298 previously reported experiments in five states (Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin) were combined to evaluate fertilizer N response of corn. Corn grain yield at the economically optimum N rate (EONR) was positively but poorly correlated with EONR (r2
= 0.02). This was consistent with others who have observed that maximum or optimum economic yield is a poor predictor of EONR. Our analysis indicated N supplied by the soil and previous management reduced N need from that predicted by yield alone at most locations. Delta yield (grain yield at optimum N rate minus grain yield of the control) was a much better predictor of EONR at these same locations (r2
= 0.47). A theoretically derived equation based on the delta yield concept was similarly capable of predicting EONR for corn. These results indicate that fertilizer recommendation systems that rely solely on yield or ignore yield entirely are limited to explaining less than 50% of the variation in EONR for corn. Farmers should be encouraged to monitor delta yield as a more effective indicator of EONR than actual yield. Greater understanding of the delta yield concept is needed before relying on it to predict fertilizer N requirements.
Sociolinguística Aplicada ao Ensino de Língua Portuguesa: Análise das Correlações entre as Concepções do Professor e o Livro Didático
Authors: Silva Lúcio Cesar Oliveira , Torres Fábio Fernandes
Published: November 2018

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o tratamento dado à variação linguística pelo livro didático da coleção Português: Linguagens (CEREJA; MAGALHãES, 2013), volume 2, e, pelos professores que o utilizam, a partir de suas concepções, coletadas por meio de questionários, no contexto de uma escola pública de Ensino Médio de Redenção-CE. Partimos do pressuposto de que tanto o livro didático, como os professores consultados, abordam a variação linguística de forma insuficiente, tratando-a apenas como questão de linguagem formal e informal, sem proporcionar a reflexão necessária acerca dos fenômenos em variação que ocorrem no português brasileiro. Para tanto, amparamos nossa pesquisa nas reflexões de Bagno (2007), Bortoni-Ricardo (2004), Antunes (2003), dentre outros, discutindo as correlações entre o livro didático, o professor e o ensino. Os resultados indicam que tanto os professores, como o livro didático, apresentam informações superficiais e imprecisas quanto ao tratamento da variação linguística no Ensino Médio.
ADİ KONKORDATODA ALACAKLILAR KURULU
Authors: BÖRÜ Levent
Published: November 2018

Konkordato
talep eden borçlunun mahkeme tarafından kesin mühlet ile birlikte veya bu süre
içerisinde alacaklıların içerisinden belirli bir sayıyı geçmemek kaydıyla kural
olarak ihtiyari bazı durumlarda ise zorunlu olarak oluşturulan, konkordato
komiserlerini denetlemek için veya ona tavsiyelerde bulunmak için atanan
kontrol-danışma organına, alacaklılar kurulu adı verilir.  Adi konkordatoda alacaklılar kurulu,
05.03.2018 tarihli Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan ve yürürlüğe giren İcra ve İflas
Kanunu ve Bazı Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun ile Kanunun 289,
290, 291, 292 maddelerinde ilk kez kurum olarak hükme bağlanmıştır. Bu hükümler
ile alacaklıların yargılama üzerindeki konumları, iradeleri daha da
güçlendirilmiştir. Bunun sebebi ise, alacaklıların konkordato gibi yeniden
yapılandırmaya ilişkin prosedürlerin içerisinde sürekli yer almasının
sağlanabilmesi durumunda, konkordato projesinin daha etkin ve hızlı sonuç
verebilmesidir. Kurul konkordato projesinin revize edilmesinde veya projenin
onaylanmasında merkezi bir rol üstlenmektedir. Özellikle geçmişteki tecrübeler
göstermiştir ki, kesin mühlet aşamasında borçlunun geleceğine yön veren karar
ortaya konulmalıdır. Bu karar, borçlunun mallarının tasfiyesine veya
borçlarının tasfiyesine veyahut tamamen işletmenin devrine yönelik olmalıdır.
Böylelikle, bütün ekonomik baskılara, zaman darlığına rağmen borçlunun
malvarlığı en iyi şekilde değerlendirilebilmelidir. Eğer borçlunun işletmesi
konkordato projesi sonucunda düzelebilecek durumda ise, alacaklılar alacağını
tam ve eksiksiz olarak alabilecektirler. Aksi durumda, özellikle iflâs
tasfiyesi durumunda ihale yoluyla malvarlığının satılması söz konusu olacağı
için ihale kuralları sebebiyle malvarlığı değerinin yarısına kadar satılması
mümkün olabilecektir. Alacaklılar kurulu ile, alacaklıların, mahkeme, borçlu ve
konkordato komiseri ile aralarındaki iletişiminin, bilgi akışının daha kolay
sağlanması mümkün hale getirilmiştir.
Algunas marcas de la nación y el nacionalismo en los estudios latinoamericanos sobre fronteras
Authors: Benedetti Alejandro
Published: November 2018

En este ensayo me propongo como objetivos: identificar algunas pervivencias del pensamiento nacionalista en el campo latinoamericano de los estudios sobre las fronteras y ofrecer herramientas para avanzar en una epistemología crítica sobre las fronteras. Me baso, fundamentalmente, en un trabajo de exploración bibliográfica y en el proceso reflexivo acontecido en mi propia experiencia de investigación. Prestaré particular atención a la persistencia de la asociación entre el concepto de frontera y la forma de estado-nación, así como a la mirada monoescalar. Revista, principalmente, la producción de las últimas tendencias del sur latinoamericano, aunque se recuperan trabajos generados en los países de más al norte. Con este trabajo no llego a resultados conclusivos, sino, más bien,
pNitro-Tyr-PseAAC: Predict Nitrotyrosine Sites in Proteins by Incorporating Five Features into Chou’s General PseAAC
Authors: Ghauri Ahmad W. , Khan Yaser D. , Rasool Nouman , Khan Sher A. , Chou Kuo-Chen
Published: November 2018

Background:

Closely related to causes of various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, septic shock,
and coeliac disease; tyrosine nitration is considered as one of the most important post-translational modification
in proteins. Inside a cell, protein modifications occur accurately by the action of sophisticated cellular machinery.
Specific enzymes present in endoplasmic reticulum accomplish this task. The identification of potential tyrosine
residues in a protein primary sequence, which can be nitrated, is a challenging task.

Methods:

To counter the prevailing, laborious and time-consuming experimental approaches, a novel computational
model is introduced in the present study. Based on data collected from experimentally verified tyrosine
nitration sites feature vectors are formed. Later, an adaptive training algorithm is used to train a back propagation
neural network for prediction purposes. To objectively measure the accuracy of the proposed model, rigorous
verification and validation tests are carried out.

Results:

Through verification and validation, a promising accuracy of 88%, a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of
89.18% and Mathew’s Correlation Coefficient of 0.627 is achieved.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that the proposed computational model provides the foundation for further investigation
and be used for the identification of nitrotyrosine sites in proteins.
In Silico Structure Modeling and Molecular Docking Analysis of Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate Amidotransferase (PPAT) with Antifolate Inhibitors
Authors: Bibi Nousheen , Parveen Zahida , Nawaz Muhammad Sulaman , Kamal Mohammad Amjad
Published: November 2018

Background:

Cancer remains one of the most serious disease worldwide. Robust metabolism is the hallmark of cancer. PPAT (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase) catalyzes the first committed step of de novo purine biosynthesis. Hence PPAT, the key regulatory spot in De novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis, is an attractive and credible drug target for leukemia and other cancer therapeutics.

Objective:

In the present study, detailed computational analysis has been performed for PPAT protein, the key enzyme in de novo purine biosynthesis which is inhibited by many folate derivatives, hence we aimed to investigate and gauge the inhibitory effect of antifolate derivatives; lomexterol (LTX) methotrexate (LTX), and pipretixin (PTX) with human PPAT to effectively capture and inhibit De novo purine biosynthesis pathway.

Methods:

The sequence to structure computational approaches followed by molecular docking experiments was performed to gain insight into the inhibitory mode, binding orientation and binding affinities of selected antifolate derivatives against important structural features of PPAT. Results: Results indicated a strong affinity of antifolate inhibitors for the conserved active site of PPAT molecule encompassing a number of hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, Vander Waals and electrostatic interactions.

Results:

Results indicated a strong affinity of antifolate inhibitors for the conserved active site of PPAT molecule encompassing a number of hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, Vander Waals and electrostatic interactions.

Conclusion:

Conclusively, the strong physical interaction of selected antifolate inhibitors with human PPAT suggests the selective inhibition of De novo purine biosynthesis pathway by antifolate derivatives towards cancer therapeutics.
Inhibition of the ATPase Domain of Human Topoisomerase IIa on HepG2 Cells by 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic Acid, Mono (2-ethylhexyl) Ester: Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Selvakumar Jemimah Naine , Chandrasekaran Subathra Devi , Doss George Priya C. , Kumar Thirumal D.
Published: November 2018

Background:

The major attention has been received by the natural products in the
prevention of diseases due to their pharmacological role.

Objective:

The major focus of the study was to search for highly potential anti-cancer compounds
from marine Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 (NCIM No. 5574).

Methods:

Cytotoxic assay was examined by MTT assay on HepG2 cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation
of the ethyl acetate extract from the fermented broth led to the isolation of the compound. The
lead compound structure was elucidated by combined NMR and MS analysis, and the absolute configuration
was assigned by extensive spectroscopic analysis.

Results:

On the basis of spectroscopic data, the compound was identified as 1, 2
benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono 2-ethylhexyl (BMEH). The compound exhibited in vitro anticancer
potential against liver (HepG2) cancer cells. Based on the flow cytometric analysis, it was evident
that the BMEH was also effective in arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase. Further, the Western blotting
analysis confirmed the down-regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins, and activation of caspase-9
and 3. The molecular docking and dynamics simulation were performed to reveal the activity of the
compound over a time period of 10ns. From the molecular dynamics studies, it was found that the
stability and compactness were attained by the protein by means of the compound interaction.

Conclusion:

This study highlights our collaborative efforts to ascertain lead molecules from marine
actinomycete. This is the first and foremost report to prove the mechanistic studies of the purified
compound 1, 2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester isolated from marine Streptomyces
sp.VITJS4 against HepG2 cells.
Synthesis of Benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-Propenone Conjugates as Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Inducing Agents
Authors: Shaik Siddiq P. , Reddy Telukutta S. , Sunkari Satish , Rao Ayinampudi V.S. , Babu Korrapati S. , Bhargava Suresh K. , Kamal Ahmed
Published: November 2018

Background:

Cancer can be considered as a disease in which normal cells start behaving badly,
multiplying uncontrollably, ignoring signals to stop and accumulating to form a mass that is generally termed as
a tumor. Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a physiological process that enables organisms to control their
cell numbers in many developmental and physiological settings and to eliminate unwanted cells and it plays
essential role in chemotherapy-induced tumor-cell killing. The correct balance between apoptosis and inhibition
of apoptosis is important in animal development as well as in tissue homeostasis. The aim of this paper is to
introduce the readers about the design strategy and synthesis of effective cytotoxic and apoptotic inducing
agents based on benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole scaffold.

Methods:

Benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-propenone conjugates were synthesized by the condensation of 7-
methoxy-2-(aryl)benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-yl)prop-2-yn-1-ones with aryl/hetero aryl amines in ethanol at
room temperature. These in turn were obtained from 7-methoxy-2-(aryl)benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-3-
carbaldehydes on treatment with ethynylmagnesium bromide followed by oxidation.

Results:

3-Arylaminopropenone linked 2-arylbenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole conjugates prepared in this investigation
exhibited significant cytotoxic activity and arrested HeLa cancer cells in G1 phase. The treatment of the
conjugate led to 40% of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DΨm) in HeLa cells and 4 fold increase in
the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, it induces apoptosis in HeLa cells, this was examined
by the wound healing assay, Actin filaments and Hoechst staining assay.

Conclusion:

The encouraging biological profile exhibited by these 3-arylaminopropenone 2-aryl linked
benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole conjugates demonstrate that they have the potential to be developed as a lead by
further structural modifications to obtain potential chemotherapeutic agents that are likely to target the HeLa
cancer cells.
Editors Note
Authors: Winchester Sonata
Published: November 2018

In this edition, covering a variety of topics across medical and dental research, as well as materials science and historical epidemiology, we see a strong representation of the value of international and interspecialty collaboration. This issue includes many such collaborative projects,
including several projects that utilise developments in technology to further desired medical outcomes, combining the skills of experts in fields as varied as image and gesture interpretation research, systems and information engineering, rehabilitation engineering, medicine and occupational
therapy.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Authors: Ueno Nobuo
Published: November 2018

JSPS London was established in 1994 to support and facilitate Japan-UK research collaboration through strengthened Japanese and UK university linkages.
Research on multi-modal silent speech recognition technology
Authors: Saitoh Takeshi
Published: November 2018

We are all familiar with audio speech recognition technology for interfacing with smartphones and in-car computers. However, technology that can interpret our speech signals without audio is a far greater challenge for scientists. Audio speech recognition (ASR) can only work in situations
where there is little or no background noise and where speech is clearly enunciated. Other technologies that use visual signals to lip-read, or that use lip-reading in conjunction with degraded audio input are under development. However, in the situations where a person cannot speak or where
the person's face may not be fully visible, silent speech recognition, which uses muscle movements or brain signals to decode speech, is also under development. Associate Professor Takeshi Saitoh's laboratory at the Kyushu Institute of Technology is at the forefront of visual speech recognition
(VSR) and is collaborating with researchers worldwide to develop a range of silent speech recognition technologies. Saitoh, whose small team of researchers and students are being supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), says: 'The aim of our work is to achieve smooth
and free communication in real time, without the need for audible speech.' The laboratory's VSR prototype is already performing at a high level. There are many reasons why scientists are working on speech technology that does not rely on audio. Saitoh points out that: 'With an ageing
population, more people will suffer from speech or hearing disabilities and would benefit from a means to communicate freely. This would vastly improve their quality of life and create employment opportunities.' Also, intelligent machines, controlled by human-machine interfaces, are expected
to become increasingly common in our lives. Non-audio speech recognition technology will be useful for interacting with smartphones, driverless cars, surveillance systems and smart appliances. VSR uses a modified camera, combined with image processing and pattern recognition to convert
moving shapes made by the mouth, into meaningful language. Earlier VSR technologies matched the shape of a still mouth with vowel sounds, and others have correlated mouth shapes with a key input. However, these do not provide audio output in real-time, so cannot facilitate a smooth conversation.
Also, it is vital that VSR is both easy to use and applicable to a range of situations, such as people bedridden in a supine position, where there is a degree of camera movement or where a face is being viewed in profile rather than full-frontal. Any reliable system should also be user-dependent,
such that it will work on any skin colour and any shape of face and in spite of head movement.
EURODOC
Authors: O'Neill Gareth , Storti Emanuele
Published: November 2018

Eurodoc's mission is to represent and consolidate the community of doctoral candidates and junior researchers in Europe in their pursuit of a decent professional life. The organisation aims to be the effective and efficient voice of doctoral candidates and junior researchers at the
European level.
Legislaciones subnacionales de víctimas en cuatro entidades mexicanas: la construcción legal de la victimización
Authors: Galán Castro Erick Alfonso
Published: November 2018

En el presente artículo realizaré un comparativo entre leyes subnacionales de víctimas de cuatro estados: Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco y Chiapas. Se mostrarán las semejanzas y diferencias en la construcción legal de la victimización, considerando que dichos marcos legales surgen en el marco de un proceso de violencia estructural que aún no ha terminado, por lo cual no pueden ser interpretados como herramientas de justicia transicional. Se tomarán en cuenta cinco rasgos de importancia para entender la victimización desde estos documentos: definición legal de las víctimas, medidas de reparación de daño, medidas de protección, derecho a la verdad y derecho a la memoria.
Método y estudio del Gobierno Electrónico municipal. Una propuesta metodológica y su aplicación al gobierno municipal en Galicia
Authors: Canoura Leira Victoria
Published: November 2018

Los distintos niveles gubernamentales están avanzando en la consecución del Gobierno Electrónico, incorporando las TIC en su gestión interna y en su relación con la ciudadanía, siendo los portales web la vía principalmente utilizada en dicha relación. Con el propósito de adaptar los métodos de estudio existentes y conocer el desarrollo del Gobierno Electrónico en el nivel municipal en la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia (España), se ha realizado un estudio en el que se aplican una serie de test heurísticos y un experimento de usuario misterioso, que permite averiguar la calidad de la comunicación de los gobiernos municipales a través de los canales on line puestos a disposición de la ciudadanía. Tras el análisis, podemos concluir que existen en los recursos web analizados, elementos propios del Gobierno Electrónico; pero su grado de desarrollo es dispar en las distintas unidades que se han estudiado y la visión general nos lleva a afirmar que el estado del Gobierno Electrónico en el contexto municipal en Galicia está poco avanzado. 
Aplicación de MgSO4 • 7H2O y cenizas volantes como refuerzo en la matriz de unidades cerámicas macizas
Authors: Roa Bohórquez Karol Lizeth , Paredes Roa Ricardo Alfonso , Lara González Luis Ángel
Published: November 2018

Se reportan las composiciones químicas obtenidas por FRX de arcilla y cenizas volantes producto de la combustión de carbón en un horno tipo colmena. Se seleccionaron las cantidades de arcilla, ceniza volante y sulfato de magnesio (MgSO4 • 7H2O) en función de su composición química para lograr una eflorescencia total en la superficie del ladrillo (unidad cerámica maciza). Una vez se conformaron por prensado las unidades de mampostería, se sometieron a tratamiento a 400 °C durante dos horas con el fin de eliminar la humedad, una vez alcanzaron 950 °C se cocinan en esta temperatura durante tres horas. Se estableció la composición química de las eflorescencias en la superficie de las probetas por medio de FRX, se analizó morfológicamente el corte transversal de un ladrillo, y por último, las probetas se sometieron a ensayos de compresión para determinar su resistencia y de absorción máxima de agua, teniendo en cuenta la norma técnica colombiana NTC 4205.
Programas de desemprego programado
Authors: Marzochí Ilana
Published: November 2018

Partindo de uma reflexão sobre o declínio do modelo tradicional da casa/família e paulatina substituição pela empresa, analiso os jogos programados televisivos cujo modo de funcionamento remete diretamente à dinâmica seletiva das grandes companhias: intensa competitividade;perpetuação do estado de mobilização, motivação, tensão, jovialidade,hiperatividade e risco sempre presente de ser excluído ("desempregado"), tudo sob vigilância e controle exacerbados. Ao vender modos de ser e maneiras de agir, essas práticas de grupos voltadas para a máxima performance do indivíduo minam qualquer possibilidade de laços afetivos e projetos duradouros em um clima de acirrada competitividade, curto

prazo e desemprego.
Ismail Xavier: O cinema e os filmes ou doze temas em torno da imagem
Authors: Pinto Pedro Plaza , Baltar Mariana , Moraes Fernando , Ramos Lécio Augusto
Published: November 2018

Entrevista a Pedro Plaza Pinto, Mariana Bailar Freire, Fernando Morais e Lécio Augusto Ramos.
Nas brechas do real esfacelado
Authors: Bruno Mario
Published: November 2018

Resenha do livro "Tela atravessada: ensaios sobre cinema e filosofia", de André Queiroz (2001)
MTV e as concepções das audiências: as abordagens de Kaplan, Lewis, Fiske e Goodwin
Authors: Marino Paula Rodríguez
Published: November 2018

Este artigo analisa as concepções das audiências presentes em alguns dos trabalhos mais representativos sobre a MTV como são Kaplan (1986; 1992; 1993), Goodwin (1992), Lewis (1990) y Fiske (1986; 1989: 1992) e que vinculam-se, desde perspectivas diferentes, com os Estudos Culturais e como os estudos televisivos, pretendendo estabelecer os seus fundamentos, contradições, e relações. Trata-se de um estudo teórico que reconhece algumas implicações nas caracterizações das noções de audiências utilizadas pelas diversas perspectivas e linhas de pesquisa como o Screen Project, as abordagens pós-modernistas, as analises musicológicas e de meios de comunicação
Narrativas orais: formas e funções
Authors: Hanke Michael
Published: November 2018

Esta contribuição discute as narrativas orais como uma espécie de comunicação cotidiana, abordadas sob duas perspectivas complementares: as formas e as funções. A análise formal trata a estruturação da sintaxe narrativa, segundo a tradição inaugurada pela análise estrutural de Labov/Waletzky. O aspecto funcional trata também a função argumentativa (St. Toulmin), estabelecida entre a própria narrativa e a inserção na conversação. O recorte empírico é composto por narrativas orais de sonhos, já tratado em outros textos, na perspectiva da análise do discurso.
Duas vezes Baudrillard: da guerra à guerra, ou o lugar do ausente
Authors: Queiroz André
Published: November 2018

No presente artigo, procuramos discutir a noção de contra-acontecimento utilizada por Jean Baudrillard ao avaliar a Guerra do Golfo, a de 1991 e a de 2003, assim como ao caráter virtual dos acontecimentos meteóricos promovidos no espaço de nossa sociedade informacional - e isto como tática de dissuasão de toda e qualquer forma de alteridade inscrita no presente.
Das redes de pesca às redes da imaginação criadora - Novos elementos para uma epistemologia da comunicação
Authors: Paiva Cláudio
Published: November 2018

No texto buscou-se pensar a "cultura das redes" como uma metáfora pertinente para traduzir o sentido das experiências de sociabilidade e comunicabilidade no contexto brasileiro, cujos tempos de trabalho e de lazer estão profundamente ligados a uma semântica e uma pragmática das "redes". No contexto da aceleração tecnológica do século XXI, os recentes processos multimidiáticos (abrangendo as mídias analógicas e digitais)

configuram uma experiência cultural híbrida em que as formas pré-industriais e pós-modernas se encontram (e se confrontam). A idéia é pensar uma epistemologia dialógica e sensível que possa dar conta dessa complexidade cultural.
Meninos, eu vi e ouvi! (Um depoimento)
Authors: Trinta Aluizio Ramos
Published: November 2018

Herbert Marshall McLuhan e o Centro para a Cultura e a Tecnologia da Universidade de Toronto (Canadá). Origens artísticas, literárias e filosóficas do mcluhanismo (ou do "mcluhnatismo", segundo adversários). Memórias de um jovem professor brasileiro: conhecendo um Mestre. Anotações filológicas acerca dos modos de pensar, escrever e dizer de Herbert Marshall McLuhan.
Reflexões de um roteirista
Authors: Carrière Jean-Claude
Published: November 2018

O presente texto é a transcrição parcial de um seminário ministrado por Jean-Claude Carrière no Ateliers des Arts em março de 1983. Percebemos aqui o início de reflexões sobre o fazer cinematográfico que serão aprofundadas mais tarde em A Linguagem secreta cio cinema (publicado no Brasil em 1995) O tema principal das reflexões de Carriêre é o mrier que ele domina como poucos: como contar uma boa história.
O Pioneirismo de Danton Jobim na Pesquisa Jornalística Brasileira
Authors: Marques de Melo José
Published: November 2018

Danton Jobim foi o jornalista que atuou como artífice da pesquisa comunicacional na região Sudeste Brasileiro. Ele foi responsável pelos estudos seminais do jornalismo na universidade brasileira, liderando a equipe docente do Curso de Jornalismo da Universidade do Brasil, hoje denominada Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Para melhor

compreensão do seu protagonismo, o trabalho resgata o multifacetado itinerário que ele percorreu na imprensa, na academia e na política.
O que a história pode legar aos estudos de jornalismo
Authors: Barbosa Marialva
Published: November 2018

O texto procura mostrar a importância da adoção dos postulados fundamentais da teoria da história para os estudos de jornalismo. Considerando cinco postulados fundamentais da teoria da história - a interpretação, a narrativa, o conhecimento como episthéme, a questão do

tempo e do espaço - destaca-se como esta aproximação pode enriquecer as teorias em torno da notícia.
A zona de sombra dos conceitos de agenda-setting e gatekeeper
Authors: Marocco Beatriz
Published: November 2018

Este artigo explora a produção de scholars americanos e alemães como Albert SchMfle (1 831-1903); Karl Knies (1821-1898); Karl Bücher (1847-1930); Ferdinand Tõnnies (1835-1936); Albion Small (1854-1926); Edward Ross (1856-1951); Max Weber (1864-1920); Robert Park (1864-1944) and Walter Lippmann (1889-1974). Recupera essas epistemes exógenas situando-as no interior do quadro dos diferentes limiares que caracterizam a constituição do pensamento jornalístico (Foucault, 1995) para visibilizá-las em sua exterioridade original mesma e, com o seu deslocamento ao presente, ilumina a zona de sombra que ocupam nos conceitos contemporâneos das teorias do jornalismo como agenda-setting e gatekeeper.
A vilania dos juros: O discurso do jornalismo econômico
Authors: Moraes Gonçalves Elizabeth , Sathler Guimarães André
Published: November 2018

O artigo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa explicativa, com metodologia comparativa entre texto da mídia massiva e da mídia especializada, na perspectiva francesa da análise crítica do discurso. O objetivo geral é analisar a cobertura da mídia sobre uma decisão do Conselho de Política Monetária - Copom. Os objetos de estudo foram uma reportagem do jornal Valor Econômico e uma reportagem do jornal Folha de S. Paulo, ambas as reportagens datadas de um dia após a reunião do Copom (16/09/04) e a Ata da loo . a reunião do Copom (15/09/04). Embora a temática, tenha reflexos na vida de todo cidadão, tanto o documento quanto a abordagem midiática envolvem um linguajar específico, restrito a uma pequena parcela da população. A Ata da reunião é escrita em linguagem hermética, um exemplo do discurso primário. A Folha de S.Paulo tem o compromisso de abordar o assunto, traduzindo-o ao seu público mais massivo. Quanto ao Valor Econômico, existe uma identificação total do veículo com o tema em pauta. É possível avaliar que o sentido depende de toda uma rede construída pelo veículo, o ponto de vista abordado não é específico da matéria analisada, o que justifica a importância de se conhecer as condições de produção para uma análise do discurso.
Donnie Darko: Imagem, Tecnologias Digitais e Multimediação em um Filme entre o Underground e o Massivo
Authors: Felinto Erick
Published: November 2018

A experiência cultural contemporânea parece recusar a possibilidade dos desenhos nítidos e das definições acabadas. Oposições tradicionais como erudito ou massivo e comercial ou experimental perdem sua consistência e dão lugar a uma poética da imprecisão, do hibridismo e da ruptura de fronteiras. O obscuro Donnie Darko (2001), filme de estreia do diretor Richard Kelly, oferece excelente campo para a exploração dessa poética híbrida, dado que trabalha tais ambiguidades em uma multiplicidade de níveis, desde sua indefinição em termos de gênero (ficção científica, drama adolescente, terror, ficção historiográfica, etc) até sua hesitação quanto à natureza cultural (cinema experimental, paradigma hollywoodiano). O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar os desdobramentos da poética da imprecisão em um filme de relativo sucesso comercial, explorando especialmente o papel das tecnologias digitais na configuração de um território híbrido e multimidiático, que envolve não apenas o filme em si, mas também os produtos que complementam sua narrativa, como seu

website oficial, salas de discussão e extras do DVD.