bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-pulse-induced thermal lensing effect in 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane
Authors: Huang Po-Yuan , Kuo Yu-Ting , Li Yi-Ci , Wei Tai-Huei
Published: April 2020

1,2-dichloroethane () and 1,2-dibromoethane () show linear absorption (LA) and stimulated light scattering in response to the excitation by 820 nm 18 fs laser pulses. Using the -scan technique, with these pulses separated by 12.2 ns (much shorter than both samples’ thermal diffusivity time constants ’s) and extended over 41 ms (considerably longer than ’s), we investigated the thermal lensing effect of both samples and found that LA dominates their heating. In addition, relative to , shows more/less thermal lensing effect before/after the exposure time passes ’s. This means that the thermal lensing effect is more severely reinforced by heating and stabilized by thermal diffusivity in than in . Notably, the Kerr lensing effect is negligible in this study, although it is noticeable in a -scan study with 17 ps laser pulses.
1645 nm coherent Doppler wind lidar with a single-frequency Er:YAG laser
Authors: Wang KaiXin , Gao ChunQing , Lin ZhiFeng , Wang Qing , Gao MingWei , Huang Shuai , Chen ChaoYong
Published: April 2020

Solid-state single-frequency lasers around 1.6 µm are ideal sources for coherent Doppler wind lidars (CDWLs). A CDWL system with 1645 nm sing-frequency, injection-seeded Er:YAG ceramic laser is demonstrated. The Er:YAG laser based on an “M-shaped” ring resonator operates at pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) of 300–1000 Hz at room temperature. The maximum single-frequency output energy is 10.1 mJ with a pulse width of 179 ns at 300 Hz. The 1645 nm Er:YAG laser is first used in a long-range CDWL system, and a line of sight (LOS) wind velocity up to 25 km is detected with 90 m range resolution in 0.5 s observation. To verify the reliability of the measurement results, the relationship between detection range, pulse energy, and accumulated numbers is also demonstrated.
Design of a nanogap resonator surface plasmon polariton laser
Authors: Oh Geum-Yoon , Kim Hyungchan , Ko Jeong Beom , Park Choon Keun , Choi Young-Wan
Published: April 2020

The inherent tradeoff between the optical mode confinement and the propagation loss due to the high dissipation level of metals has proved to be a significant setback in the design of plasmonic waveguide-based devices. In this Letter, we demonstrate a ring-less nanogap resonator consisting of two straight waveguides with metallic layers and a nanogap between. A finite-difference time-domain simulation of the proposed structure reveals that it exhibits a band-stop and lasing characteristics. The obtained full-width at half-maximum, free spectral range, and Q-factor values are found to be improved as compared to those obtained without a nanogap. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, the new resonator and laser structure can be obtained through the waveguide structure without the ring-shaped resonator.
Acousto-holographic optical tweezers
Authors: Bola R. , Treptow D. , Marzoa A. , Montes-Usategui M. , Martín-Badosa E.
Published: April 2020

Acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) allow the creation of multiple optical traps by time-sharing, that is, by rapidly cycling the laser focus between designated spatial locations. The traps thus formed are not permanent. In this Letter, we successfully demonstrate the creation of multiple and permanent traps by means of AODs driven by specially encoded radio frequency signals. The generation of complex acoustic signals allows us to treat such devices as super-fast spatial light modulators. Using this technique, it is possible to generate several static optical trap arrays and switch them at kilohertz (kHz) rates, allowing independent control of each trap group. Additionally, we discuss the compatibility of this method with precise force and position measurements, and the improvement in their frequency bandwidth compared to time-sharing optical tweezers, especially when many objects are trapped.
Deep phase decoder: self-calibrating phase microscopy with an untrained deep neural network
Authors: Bostan Emrah , Heckel Reinhard , Chen Michael , Kellman Michael , Waller Laura
Published: April 2020

Deep neural networks have emerged as effective tools for computational
imaging, including quantitative phase microscopy of transparent
samples. To reconstruct phase from intensity, current approaches rely
on supervised learning with training examples; consequently, their
performance is sensitive to a match of training and imaging settings.
Here we propose a new approach to phase microscopy by using an
untrained deep neural network for measurement formation, encapsulating
the image prior and the system physics. Our approach does not require
any training data and simultaneously reconstructs the phase and
pupil-plane aberrations by fitting the weights of the network to the
captured images. To demonstrate experimentally, we reconstruct
quantitative phase from through-focus intensity images without
knowledge of the aberrations.
Ritualized performance and community identity: A historical examination of drum corps competition in the United States
Authors: Odello Denise
Published: April 2020

What structures bind musical communities that reach over distances? This article examines the musical community of youth drum corps in the United States and, in particular, the changing performance practices at competitions over time and how those changes influence the identity of the community. Drum corps is a community that exists over increasingly greater distances, yet the identity of this musical community is strong. An important site for discovering this communal identity is in competitive performance. Drum corps performances are strictly regulated because of this competitive context, and the values seen in those competitive regulations reflect the identity of the community. Ritual theory helps to examine the mechanisms by which members of this musical community renegotiate these identity values over decades. This article discusses shifts in performance practices such as instrumentation, repertoire and motion, all of which are reflected in changing competition judging guidelines. Ritual theory is used to understand how members of the drum corps community understood the implementation and official recognition of these changes in competitions as changes to the community’s identity.
‘Le plus beau métier du monde’: Dans les coulisses de l’industrie de la mode, Giulia Mensitieri (2018)
Authors: Flamme Kévin
Published: April 2020

Review of: ‘Le plus beau métier du monde’: Dans les coulisses de l’industrie de la mode, Giulia Mensitieri (2018)

Paris: La Découverte, 350 pp.

ISBN 978-2-70719-540-1, p/bk, €22.00
Cultural influences in screenwriting: Australia vs. Hollywood
Authors: Hambly Glenda
Published: April 2020

The Hollywood paradigm of screenwriting is claimed to be the universal approach to storytelling. The paradigm is said to be ‘in our DNA’ and override cultural difference. It is declared the most popular cinema narrative form with audiences internationally. These claims of universal application and appeal are challenged in this article via a case study of Australian feature films and their appeal to Australian audiences. Interviews with industry practitioners establish the dominance of the Hollywood paradigm at the government screen agencies and in industry discourse, but its weak uptake by some of Australia’s most successful screenwriters. A link between national mythology, national narratives and a distinctly Australian idiom in screenwriting is investigated. A contrast is drawn with the influence of American national mythology in shaping the Hollywood paradigm.
Response of hemocytes profile in the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) against Vibrio harveyi induced by Xylocarpus granatum leaves extract
Authors: Saptiani Gina , Sidik A. Syafei , Ardhani Fikri , Hardi Esti Handayani
Published: April 2020

Aim: The present study investigated hemocytes profile of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) induced with Xylocarpus granatum leaves extract to protect against Vibrio harveyi infection.

Materials and Methods: X. granatum leaves were chopped into small size, air-dried, and extracted with one of the following solvents: Ethanol, distilled water, and seawater, whereas each solvent was given in three different concentrations (750 ppm, 1.000 ppm, and 1.250 ppm, respectively). Extracts were induced to 60 post-larvae shrimp in each treatment (three replicates, 20 shrimp for each) by immersing method and subsequently challenged with V. harveyi.

Results: This study demonstrated different effectiveness among solvents used to extract X. granatum leaves, in which distilled water showed the most effective solvent as can be seen from the lowest percentage on anorexia, lethargic, and weakened reflex of shrimp compared with another solvent, positive and negative controls. Pathological symptoms for shrimp induced by X. granatum leaves extract were minimum with the highest survival rate compared with those of positive and negative control. Total hemocyte cells and its cell constituents such as semi-granular, granular, and hyaline cells on treatment group at 1.250 ppm were higher than controls.

Conclusion: Leaves extract of X. granatum extract effectively inhibited V. harveyi infection, increased survival rate, and hemocytes cell of the experimental shrimp. Distilled water extract of X. granatum at 1.250 ppm demonstrated the highest protective effect toward V. harveyi infection on P. monodon.
Peculiarity of recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (hpg) axis, in men after using androgenic anabolic steroids
Authors: Lykhonosov Mykola P. , Babenko Alina Y. , Makarin Viktor A. , Fedotov Yury  N.
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous recovery of the hypothalamicpituitarygonadal (HPG) axis after cessation of testosterone replacement therapy or after male contraception may take up to 24 months. There is insufficient data on the duration of recovery of HPG axis after abuse of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS). AAS users use post-cycle therapy (PCT) to restore HPG axis, the effectiveness of which is unknown and needs further investigation.
AIMS: To evaluate the recovery of HPG axis in men, AAS users, after a 3-month of cessation of their use and after PCT.
METHODS: An observational, single-center, prospective, sampling, open, uncontrolled study was conducted among male AAS users. While using of AAS and 3 months after the refusal of their administration and PCT, the clinical symptoms of hypogonadism were evaluated, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (Tt), prolactin, estradiol, inhibin B, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined. The scheme of rehabilitation therapy was the same and did not change throughout the study. Recovery criteria: Tt 3.4 ng/ml and LH 1.24 mIU/ml. The study was conducted from January to August 2019. Fishers exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Spearmans rank correlation coefficient were used. The differences were considered statistically significant at p0.05.
RESULTS: The study included 44 men, their age 29 years [27.75; 34], the duration of the use of AAS is 6 months [3.52; 7]. During the use of AAS: LH 0.2 mIU/ml [0.04; 0.47], Tt 4.34 ng/ml [1.05; 8.81]. In this group, the number of men with a LH level 1.24 mIU / ml was 84% (n=37) and Tt 3.4 ng/ml was 47.7% (n=21). After 3 months, the LH level reached 4.12 mIU/ml [2.58; 5.84], Tt 4.55 ng/ml [3.76; 6.24]. At the same time, the level of Tt 3.4 ng/ml remained in 20.5% (n=9), and LH 1.24 mIU/ml in 4.5% (n=2) men. According to the level of recovery of LH and Tt, patients were divided into two groups: with satisfying (n=35; 79.5%) and poor (n=9; 20.5%) recovery. A clear correlation was established between the duration of use (-0.857; p0.0001), the amount (-0.443; p=0.003), the dose (-0.7825; p0.0001), the type of AAS (-0.698; p0.0001) and testosterone level recovery. A correlation between inhibin B and Tt (0.418; p=0.005) was revealed.
CONCLUSIONS: A three-month refusal to use AAS with PCT led to the restoration of HPG axis a in 79.5% of the volunteers. In 20.5% of cases, recovery did not occur. The negative effect of the duration of use, the number of simultaneously administered drugs, their dose and type of AAS on the restoration of HPG axis was established. The level of inhibin B may serve as a marker for the restoration of spermatogenic epithelium.
Two-dimensional metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes): preparation, property, and applications in cancer therapy
Authors: Dong Lu Ming , Ye Cui , Zheng Lin Lin , Gao Zhong Feng , Xia Fan
Published: April 2020

Transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), which comprise a rapidly growing family of two-dimensional materials, have attracted extensive attention of the scientific community, owing to its unique characteristics of high specific surface area, remarkable biocompatibility, and versatile applications. Exploring different methods to tune the size and morphology of MXenes plays a critical role in their practical applications. In recent years, MXenes have been demonstrated as promising nanomaterials for cancer therapy with substantial performances, which not only are helpful to clarify the mechanism between properties and morphologies but also bridge the gap between MXene nanotechnology and forward-looking applications. In this review, recent progress on the preparation and properties of MXenes are summarized. Further applications in cancer therapy are also discussed. Finally, the current opportunities and future perspective of MXenes are described.
A conformal transformation approach to wide-angle illusion device and absorber
Authors: Huang Yao , Zhang Youming , Zhang Jingjing , Liu Dongjue , Wang Qijie , Zhang Baile , Luo Yu
Published: April 2020

We theoretically investigate the illusion device designed by a conformal transformation that can render an elliptic defect behave like a flat mirror. Different from illusion devices consisting of the complementary medium and anti-object with negative permittivity and permeability, our proposed illusion device requires only isotropic positive permittivity medium. It offers a possible route to eliminate the lateral shift in the conventional quasi-conformal carpet cloak. Interestingly, with the same conformal transformation, we can achieve an impedance-matched flat absorber by simply varying the shape and the refractive index of the defects. Both the illumination device and the absorber in our design have broad bandwidth, wide-illumination range and polarization-insensitive performance.
A mode generator and multiplexer at visible wavelength based on all-fiber mode selective coupler
Authors: Yao Han , Shi Fan , Wu Zhaoyang , Xu Xinzhu , Wang Teng , Liu Xiaomin , Xi Peng , Pang Fufei , Zeng Xianglong
Published: April 2020

Using an all-fiber mode selective coupler (MSC) at the visible band, here we experimentally demonstrate a generating and wavelength multiplexing scheme for the cylindrical vector (CV) and vortex beams (VBs). The proposed MSCs act as efficient mode converters to produce spectrally insensitive high-order modes (HOMs) at the wavelength ranging from 450 to 980 nm, which have broad operation bandwidth (more than 7 nm), high mode conversion efficiency (94%), and purity (98%), and low insert loss (below 0.5 dB). By adjusting the polarization state and the phase shift of linear polarization (LP)11 mode respectively, the donut-shaped CVs and circular-polarization VBs are achieved. The focused intensity distribution of the donut beam on the cross- and axial-sections is monitored by using a confocal system. The all-fiber solution of producing and multiplexing HOMs opens a new route for stimulated emission depletion microscopy applications.
Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Centropomus viridis (Actinopterygii: Perciforms: Centropomidae) in the north coast of Nayarit
Authors: Tapia Varela Raúl José , Palacios Salgado Deivis Samuel , Romero-Bañuelos Carlos Alberto , Ruiz Bernés Salvador , Padilla-Noriega Roberto , Nieto Navarro José Trinidad
Published: April 2020

This study poses two objectives: to determine whether the growth of females and males of the C. viridis is isometric, and whether the commercial fishing changes the condition of snook. The information regarding the length-weight relationship (LWR) is basic for the development of management strategies and conservation of the white snook. The length-weight relationship condition analysis is presented for the snook C. viridis fishery in the north coast of Nayarit. A non-experimental, longitudinal aleatory study was performed. Data was obtained during a six-year period (2010-2015). The weight, total length and sex of 2542 organisms were recorded. The LWR of males from 2010 to 2015 indicated negative allometric growth (p < 0.05), while the females indicated positive allometric growth (p < 0.05). However, the overall analysis LWR for males and females in the whole sampling period (2010-2015) showed negative allometric: b = 2.958 (p < 0.05) and r2 = 0.948. Regarding the analysis of condition, results indicated a value of Kn ≥ 1 in males; females presented a condition lower than 1, which indicated sex-change from male to female. In response to the fishing pressure, the C. viridis has readjusted year after year the minimum size of sex switching, generating slight variations of Kn in females of the C. viridis in the studied area.
Voltage Imaging of Cortical Oscillations in Layer 1 with Two-Photon Microscopy
Authors: Dalphin Neil , Dorgans Kevin , Khaskin Eugene , Kuhn Bernd
Published: April 2020

Membrane voltage oscillations in layer 1 (L1) of primary sensory cortices might be important indicators of cortical gain control, attentional focusing, and signal integration. However, electric field recordings are hampered by the low seal resistance of electrodes close to the brain surface. To study L1 membrane voltage oscillations, we synthesized a new voltage-sensitive dye, di1-ANNINE (anellated hemicyanine)-6plus, that can diffuse into tissue. We applied it with a new surgery, leaving the dura intact but allowing injection of large quantities of staining solution, and imaged cortical membrane potential oscillations with two-photon microscopy depth-resolved (25–100 μm below dura) in anesthetized and awake mice. We found delta (0.5–4 Hz), theta (4–10 Hz), low beta (10–20 Hz), and low gamma (30–40 Hz) oscillations. All oscillations were stronger in awake animals. While the power of delta, theta, and low beta oscillations increased with depth, the power of low gamma was more constant throughout L1. These findings identify L1 as an important coordination hub for the dynamic binding process of neurons mediated by oscillations.
Molecular Mechanisms of Non-ionotropic NMDA Receptor Signaling in Dendritic Spine Shrinkage
Authors: Stein Ivar S. , Park Deborah K. , Flores Juan C. , Jahncke Jennifer N. , Zito Karen
Published: April 2020

Structural plasticity of dendritic spines is a key component of the refinement of synaptic connections during learning. Recent studies highlight a novel role for the NMDA receptor (NMDAR), independent of ion flow, in driving spine shrinkage and LTD. Yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms that link conformational changes in the NMDAR to changes in spine size and synaptic strength. Here, using two-photon glutamate uncaging to induce plasticity at individual dendritic spines on hippocampal CA1 neurons from mice and rats of both sexes, we demonstrate that p38 MAPK is generally required downstream of non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling to drive both spine shrinkage and LTD. In a series of pharmacological and molecular genetic experiments, we identify key components of the non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling pathway driving dendritic spine shrinkage, including the interaction between NOS1AP (nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), nNOS enzymatic activity, activation of MK2 (MAPK-activated protein kinase 2) and cofilin, and signaling through CaMKII. Our results represent a large step forward in delineating the molecular mechanisms of non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling that can drive shrinkage and elimination of dendritic spines during synaptic plasticity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSignaling through the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) is vitally important for the synaptic plasticity that underlies learning. Recent studies highlight a novel role for the NMDAR, independent of ion flow, in driving synaptic weakening and dendritic spine shrinkage during synaptic plasticity. Here, we delineate several key components of the molecular pathway that links conformational signaling through the NMDAR to dendritic spine shrinkage during synaptic plasticity.
Basigin Associates with Integrin in Order to Regulate Perineurial Glia andDrosophilaNervous System Morphology
Authors: Hunter Amelia C. , Petley-Ragan Lindsay M. , Das Mriga , Auld Vanessa J.
Published: April 2020

TheDrosophilanervous system is ensheathed by a layer of outer glial cells, the perineurial glia, and a specialized extracellular matrix, the neural lamella. The function of perineurial glial cells and how they interact with the extracellular matrix are just beginning to be elucidated. Integrin-based focal adhesion complexes link the glial membrane to the extracellular matrix, but little is known about integrin's regulators in the glia. The transmembrane Ig domain protein Basigin/CD147/EMMPRIN is highly expressed in the perineurial glia surrounding theDrosophilalarval nervous system. Here we show that Basigin associates with integrin at the focal adhesions to uphold the structure of the glia-extracellular matrix sheath. Knockdown of Basigin in perineurial glia using RNAi results in significant shortening of the ventral nerve cord, compression of the glia and extracellular matrix in the peripheral nerves, and reduction in larval locomotion. We determined that Basigin is expressed in close proximity to integrin at the glial membrane, and that expression of the extracellular integrin-binding domain of Basigin is sufficient to rescue peripheral glial compression. We also found that a reduction in expression of integrin at the membrane rescues the ventral nerve cord shortening, peripheral glial compression, and locomotor phenotypes, and that reduction in the integrin-binding protein Talin can partially rescue glial compression. These results identify Basigin as a potential negative regulator of integrin in the glia, supporting proper glial and extracellular matrix ensheathment of the nervous system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe glial cells and extracellular matrix play important roles in supporting and protecting the nervous system, but the interactions between these components have not been well characterized. Our study identified expression of a conserved Ig superfamily protein, Basigin, at the glial membrane ofDrosophilawhere it associates with the integrin-based focal adhesion complexes to ensure proper ensheathment of the CNS and PNS. Loss of Basigin in the glia results in an overall compression of the nervous system due to integrin dysregulation, which causes locomotor defects in the animals. This underlies the importance of glia-matrix communication for structural and functional support of the nervous system.
Acute Stress Enhances Associative Learning via Dopamine Signaling in the Ventral Lateral Striatum
Authors: Stelly Claire E. , Tritley Sean C. , Rafati Yousef , Wanat Matthew J.
Published: April 2020

Acute stress transiently increases vigilance, enhancing the detection of salient stimuli in one's environment. This increased perceptual sensitivity is thought to promote the association of rewarding outcomes with relevant cues. The mesolimbic dopamine system is critical for learning cue–reward associations. Dopamine levels in the ventral striatum are elevated following exposure to stress. Together, this suggests that the mesolimbic dopamine system could mediate the influence of acute stress on cue–reward learning. To address this possibility, we examined how a single stressful experience influenced learning in an appetitive pavlovian conditioning task. Male rats underwent an episode of restraint prior to the first conditioning session. This acute stress treatment augmented conditioned responding in subsequent sessions. Voltammetry recordings of mesolimbic dopamine levels demonstrated that acute stress selectively increased reward-evoked dopamine release in the ventral lateral striatum (VLS), but not in the ventral medial striatum. Antagonizing dopamine receptors in the VLS blocked the stress-induced enhancement of conditioned responding. Collectively, these findings illustrate that stress engages dopamine signaling in the VLS to facilitate appetitive learning.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAcute stress influences learning about aversive and rewarding outcomes. Dopamine neurons are sensitive to stress and critical for reward learning. However, it is unclear whether stress regulates reward learning via dopamine signaling. Using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry as rats underwent pavlovian conditioning, we demonstrate that a single stressful experience increases reward-evoked dopamine release in the ventral lateral striatum. This enhanced dopamine signal accompanies a long-lasting increase in conditioned behavioral responding. These findings highlight that the ventral lateral striatum is a node for mediating the effect of stress on reward processing.
Attitudes toward Plants: Comparing the Impact of Instruction through Writing & through a Botanical Garden Trip
Authors: İri Funda Gül , Çil Emine
Published: April 2020

We designed and implemented two instructional approaches to plant education, with the intention of supporting positive attitudes toward plants among sixth-grade students (11–13 years old). In one instructional approach, students prepared a book about plants that have interesting characteristics. In the other approach, students visited a botanical garden. The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of these approaches on students' attitudes toward plants. A matched-pairs experimental design was used in the research. A total of 56 students (28 in each group) participated in the study. Data were gathered by using the Plant Attitude Questionnaire. This instrument consisted of 28 items using a five-point Likert scale and included four dimensions of attitudes toward plants: importance, urban trees, interest, and utilization. Our results indicate that instruction via writing a book about plants with interesting characteristics is a good way to support students' positive attitudes toward plants; this approach was especially effective in the dimensions of interest and utilization. The botanical garden trip was also effective, though in a more limited way, in supporting students' positive attitudes toward plants; this approach was most effective in the dimension of urban trees.
Comparison of Learning in Inductive and Deductive Approach to Increase Student’s Conceptual Understanding based on International Standard Curriculum
Authors: Wardani S. , Kusuma I. W.
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to determine the pattern of a more effective learning approach between the inductive and deductive approach in improving students’ conceptual understanding referring to the international standard curriculum on the X graders for the material property particulate subject matter. Through the deductive approach, students already have a picture/concept in their minds. But by using an inductive approach, students use their logic to understand concepts and summarize it. The research method applied in this study is a descriptive-comparative method with a triangulation analysis technique. Instruments used in the study were a questionnaire for the students, observation sheets, and three-tier diagnostic test items for pretest and posttest. The average pretest scores for deductive and inductive classes were 54.70 and 48.25, respectively. The result of the observation sheet analysis showed the deductive approach surpassed 12 points more than the inductive approach in improving the student’s learning activity. The result of the questionnaire analysis showed that 38 of 68 students prefer the learning process using deductive to inductive approach, and thought that it was suitable with the students’ characteristics. While the average posttest scores for deductive and inductive classes were 68.16 and 55.47, respectively. The analysis result of the N-Gain test towards the pretest and posttest results regarding the three-tier diagnostic test items indicated achievement of student’s conceptual understanding using a deductive approach which was 14.2225% higher than the use of the inductive approach. The Triangulation Analysis stated that the deductive approach was more effective in improving students’ conceptual understanding of Chemistry and material topics as well as material classification. While the inductive approach was more effectively applied to the topic of Particle Kinetic theory.
Effectiveness of Generation, Evaluation, and Modification-Cooperative Learning (Gem-Cl) Model Selaras Bakar Batu Cultural Practice in Papua
Authors: Budiarti I. S. , Suparmi A. , Sarwanto S. , Harjana H.
Published: April 2020

This study intended to describe the effectiveness of the GEM-CL learning model selaras Bakar Batu cultural practice on chapter heat and temperature. This type of research was quasi-experiment with pretest and post-test control group design. The study population was all students of class XI IPA SMAN 1 Jayapura. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The selected classes were XI IPA-3 as an experimental class and class XI IPA-5 as a control class. Data collection instruments were tests based on higher-order thinking skills and questionnaires to collect students’ responses. Data analysis was done by t-test, N-gain, and effect size for data collecting from test data while data from questionnaires were analyzed by descriptive qualitative analysis. It was concluded that the model is effective to apply in physics learning to preserve students’ conceptual understanding and improve students’ higher-order thinking skills. Further study on GEM-CL to other cultural practices and physics chapter in Indonesia would would strengthen this learning model.
A Highly Contiguous Genome for the Golden-Fronted Woodpecker (Melanerpes aurifrons) via Hybrid Oxford Nanopore and Short Read Assembly
Authors: Wiley Graham , Miller Matthew J
Published: April 2020

Woodpeckers are found in nearly every part of the world and have been important for studies of biogeography, phylogeography, and macroecology. Woodpecker hybrid zones are often studied to understand the dynamics of introgression between bird species. Notably, woodpeckers are gaining attention for their enriched levels of transposable elements (TEs) relative to most other birds. This enrichment of TEs may have substantial effects on molecular evolution. However, comparative studies of woodpecker genomes are hindered by the fact that no high-contiguity genome exists for any woodpecker species. Using hybrid assembly methods combining long-read Oxford Nanopore and short-read Illumina sequencing data, we generated a highly contiguous genome assembly for the Golden-fronted Woodpecker (Melanerpes aurifrons). The final assembly is 1.31 Gb and comprises 441 contigs plus a full mitochondrial genome. Half of the assembly is represented by 28 contigs (contig L50), each of these contigs is at least 16 Mb in size (contig N50). High recovery (92.6%) of bird-specific BUSCO genes suggests our assembly is both relatively complete and relatively accurate. Over a quarter (25.8%) of the genome consists of repetitive elements, with 287 Mb (21.9%) of those elements assignable to the CR1 superfamily of transposable elements, the highest proportion of CR1 repeats reported for any bird genome to date. Our assembly should improve comparative studies of molecular evolution and genomics in woodpeckers and allies. Additionally, the sequencing and bioinformatic resources used to generate this assembly were relatively low-cost and should provide a direction for development of high-quality genomes for studies of animal biodiversity.
Mitochondrial Biogenesis Is Positively Regulated by Casein Kinase I Hrr25 Through Phosphorylation of Puf3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Bhondeley Manika , Liu Zhengchang
Published: April 2020

Mitochondrial biogenesis requires coordinated expression of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, which in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is achieved in part via post-transcriptional control by the Pumilio RNA-binding domain protein Puf3. Puf3 binds to the 3′-UTR of many messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that encode mitochondrial proteins, regulating their turnover, translation, and/or mitochondrial targeting. Puf3 hyperphosphorylation correlates with increased mitochondrial biogenesis; however, the kinase responsible for Puf3 phosphorylation is unclear. Here, we show that the casein kinase I protein Hrr25 negatively regulates Puf3 by mediating its phosphorylation. An hrr25 mutation results in reduced phosphorylation of Puf3  in vivo and a puf3 deletion mutation reverses growth defects of hrr25 mutant cells grown on medium with a nonfermentable carbon source. We show that Hrr25 directly phosphorylates Puf3, and that the interaction between Puf3 and Hrr25 is mediated through the N-terminal domain of Puf3 and the kinase domain of Hrr25. We further found that an hrr25 mutation reduces GFP expression from GFP reporter constructs carrying the 3′-UTR of Puf3 targets. Downregulation of GFP expression due to an hrr25 mutation can be reversed either by puf3Δ or by mutations to the Puf3-binding sites in the 3′-UTR of the GFP reporter constructs. Together, our data indicate that Hrr25 is a positive regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis by phosphorylating Puf3 and inhibiting its function in downregulating target mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins.
Radiological implications of using phosphogypsum as building material: a case study of Brazil
Authors: Mazzilli Barbara Paci , Campos Marcia Pires , Nisti Marcelo Bessa , Saueia Cátia Heloisa Rosignoli , Máduar Marcelo Francis
Published: April 2020

Phosphogypsum, a waste byproduct derived from the production of phosphoric acid, is being worldwide stockpiled, posing concerns about the environmental problems originating from this practice. Considerations about the viability of the safe reuse of this material have been raised, among them its potential use as building material. However, as phosphogypsum can contain natural radionuclides in significant concentrations, using it as a building material has radiological implications, which presently prevent such application. In order to evaluate the feasibility of using phosphogypsum in the manufacturing of building elements such as bricks and plates, a comprehensive research was undertaken in Brazil, following a multiple approach. This research included studies related to: Brazilian phosphogypsum characterization; experimental determination of radon exhalation rate; and application of theoretical models to forecast both radon exhalation and external doses in dwellers. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the research carried out in Brazil is presented.
Interpretação de dados de bioanálise considerando mais de um cenário de incorporação
Authors: Reis Arlene Alves dos
Published: April 2020

Uma estimativa de dose efetiva comprometida é baseada em modelos, os quais são compostos por um conjunto de parâmetros e suposições, cujo objetivo é fazer uma boa representação da realidade, descrevendo assim, da melhor maneira possível, o cenário onde tenha ocorrido a incorporação. Os cenários de incorporação adotados em dosimetria interna estão relacionados aos modelos biocinéticos recomendados por comitês científicos internacionais. As principais metodologias de cálculo de dose interna recomendam a adoção de apenas um valor para cada parâmetro dos modelos, compondo um cenário que represente as circunstâncias na qual o material radioativo foi incorporado. O teste de qui-quadrado é o critério para aceitação de um determinado cenário. Quando o cenário proposto não é considerado adequado, a recomendação é fazer um estudo mais minucioso aumentando a quantidade de exames de bioanálise ou testando outros cenários possíveis para a situação. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se um módulo computacional cuja função é construir um cenário de incorporção de material radioativo que melhor se ajuste aos dados de bioanálise disponíveis e calcule a atividade total incorporada, a partir de cenários selecionados dentre aqueles recomendados.
Avaliação da exposição do público e da tripulação de bordo em voos comerciais domésticos do Brasil
Authors: Rochedo Elaine R.R. , Alves Vanusa A. , Wasserman Maria Angelica V.
Published: April 2020

A exposição à radiação cósmica em viagens de avião é significativamente maior do que a exposição ao nível do solo e varia de acordo com a rota, a altitude e o tempo de voo. O programa CARI-6, desenvolvido pela Administração Federal de Aviação dos EUA, efetua o cálculo da dose efetiva de radiação cósmica galáctica recebida por um indivíduo em um avião a voar a rota mais curta entre dois aeroportos do mundo. O objetivo deste projeto é o de estimar a contribuição de exposição à radiação cósmica em voos comerciais domésticos para a população brasileira. Um banco de dados, incluindo cerca de 4.000 voos domésticos no Brasil, foi implementado em planilhas do Excel com base em informações de voos para novembro de 2011. O banco de dados descreve a origem e destino de cada voo, hora de partida e chegada, o tipo de avião, número de passageiros, as horas de voo (incluindo períodos de decolagem, pouso e altitude de cruzeiro) e número de voos por ano. Doses individuais para voos domésticos no Brasil variaram de 1,8 a 8,8 μSv. Considerando-se o limite ocupacional de 850 h de voo por ano para tripulantes e números de voos de cada rota, a dose ocupacional média seria de cerca de 0,76 mSv/y. Doses coletivas, para o número total de voos por ano foram estimadas em 429 e 22 homem-Sv/y para os passageiros e membros da tripulação, respectivamente.
O cenário mundial de radiofármacos emissores de pósitrons para diagnóstico e estadiamento de câncer de próstata em medicina nuclear
Authors: Videira Heber Simões , Fonda Uysha de Souza , Itikawa Emerson Nobuyuki , Guimarães Maria Inês Calil Cury , Buchpiguel Carlos Alberto , Okamoto Miriam Roseli Yoshie , Sá Ulisses LACERDA DE FIGUEIREDO , Filho Raul Martins , VICTORIA Aparecida FATIMA , Fernandes Beatriz Luci
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão narrativa do cenário mundial dos radiofármacos para diagnóstico e estadiamento de câncer de próstata (CaP). A revisão foi realizada utilizando o seletor de busca PUBMED a partir dos termos: (Prostate cancer and PET), 18F-FDG, N-3-[18F]fluoropropylputrescine [1], 11C- Acetate [2], 18F- Acetate, 11C-Colina [3], 18F-Fluorometilcolina, 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC, 18F-FDCFBC, 18F-FACBC, 18F-DCFPyL, Al18F-PSMA-11 e 18F-PSMA-1007. A pesquisa foi realizada considerando o período de 1989 a 2019. Os radiofármacos 11C-Colina e 18F-FCH foram durante vários anos os biomarcadores de imagem molecular padrão para CaP. Contudo, o 68Ga-PSMA-11, devido a melhor acurácia e facilidade de obtenção, viabilizou que clínicas de medicina nuclear, distantes de unidades produtoras de radiofármacos, realizassem exames no PET/CT ou PET/RM, tornando-se o radiofármaco mais utilizado atualmente em diagnóstico e estadiamento de CaP. Radiofármacos fluorados para próstata também foram desenvolvidos na tentativa de substituir o 68Ga-PSMA-11 e reduzir a dependência das clínicas com os geradores de 68Ge/68Ga. Nesse sentido, os radiofármacos fluorados mais destacados na literatura nos últimos cinco anos foram: 18F-FACBC, 18F-DCPyL, Al18F-PSMA-11 e 18F-PSMA-1007. Através dessa revisão, verificamos uma lacuna na literatura acerca da comparação entres esses radiofármacos devido às dificuldades de obtê-los para fins de pesquisa e, principalmente, às patentes do 18F-DCPyL e 18F-PSMA-1007. A literatura encoraja estudos de maior impacto na comparação da eficácia dos radiofármacos. A tendência é o crescimento de radiofármacos a base de 18F, como o 18F-PSMA-1007 e 18F-DCPyL devido, principalmente, a excreção renal tardia que eles proporcionam.
Theoretical estimate of relative depth-doses for the asymmetric and spherical 106Ru/106Rh COC-type plaque used in radiotherapy
Authors: De Paiva Eduardo
Published: April 2020

In this work we present results of relative dose rate along central and lateral axis of the 106Ru/106Rh COC model plaque used for the treatment of tumors close to the optical nerve. The calculations were based on the beta-point dose function and are compared with an available data obtained by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Even with the limitations of the method, it was capable to reproduce the general trend of the dose rates around this kind of plaque and a maximum difference of -18% with MC was obtained. Despite the limitations of the method, the results may be used as a guide to future experimental and theoretical studies on this applicator, since there is a lack of available data in literature.
Distribution of Pb isotopic signatures in a hydrographic sub-basin of the Poços de Caldas Plateau, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Dutra Pedro Henrique , Feliciano Vanusa Maria Delage , De Carvalho Filho Carlos Alberto
Published: April 2020

The Taquari River Basin, located in the Alkaline Complex of Poços de Caldas, in the south of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is situated in an old volcanic caldera. In the study area there are fields and pastures; agriculture with cultivation of vegetables; rose plantations; and native forest, in addition to the Mineral Treatment Unit of Caldas (UTM-Caldas), which is part of the Industrial Complex of Poços de Caldas (CIPC), a uranium mining and processing facility. The main objective of this work was to investigate the isotopic Pb signatures of river sediments, rocks, mining tailings and fertilizer samples collected in the region surrounding UTM-Caldas in order to identify environments with influences from geogenic and / or anthropogenic sources. The results showed that there is an anthropic contribution (fertilizers and mining tailings) in some sectors of the Taquari river basin, generating possible concerns about the amount of elements that can be transferred to the water bodies. In addition, there is a significant geogenic contribution of naturally enriched areas, which have distinct situations that also generate an increase in the concentration of chemical elements in water bodies.
Technology of geographical information systems applied to the licensing of nuclear sector installations
Authors: Oliveira Aline Fabiane Gonçalves de , Barreto Alberto Avellar , De Carvalho Filho Carlo Alberto , Moura Igor Felipe Silva , Horta Rodrigues Paulo Cesar
Published: April 2020

O processo de licenciamento nuclear envolve a preparação de vários documentos, como Relatório local (SR), Relatório preliminar de análise de segurança (PSAR), Relatório final de análise de segurança (FSAR), Planos de proteção física, Planos de proteção contra violência e Planos de emergência que devem ser tratados pela Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) para estimar. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise e um guia para o uso de ferramentas de geoprocessamento na atualização de estudos ambientais autorizados para atualizar o Relatório do Local (SR) do Centro de Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN).O principal objetivo é contribuir para agilizar a execução das etapas de execução no processo de licenciamento nuclear, como estruturar e executar estudos ambientais, planejar atividades de monitoramento ambiental etc. Para alcançar o objetivo, obter e obter dados disponíveis de alta disponibilidade nos vários grupos, usar um fluxograma metodológico para aquisição e tratamento de dados. O estudo desenvolvido foi usando o ArcMap 10.2 do ArcGis, especialmente a ferramenta analítica Model Builder. Essa ferramenta permitiu a (macro) esquematização da metodologia a partir das ferramentas GIS aplicadas, ou que apresenta como vantagens à eficiência e otimização do tempo de execução dos procedimentos em situações em que é necessário aplicar a mesma rotina de tarefas, além de editável, ou que oferece possibilidades de adaptação e melhorias.
Avaliação das doses e do risco subsequente de desenvolvimento de câncer em órgãos fora do campo de tratamento na radioterapia de linfoma de Hodgkin
Authors: Oliveira Vitor Jesus , Dovales Ana Cristina , Batista Delano Valdivino , Santos Denison Souza , Rosa Luiz Antonio
Published: April 2020

O tratamento de linfoma de Hodgkin com radioterapia tem sido aprimorado nas últimas décadas de forma a minimizar os efeitos colaterais danosos da radiação ionizante no paciente. Um novo desafio que surge é a análise da dose em órgãos fora da região de tratamento e o risco atribuído a essa exposição. Neste trabalho avaliamos as doses nos órgãos de interesse e o risco subsequente de indução de câncer após o tratamento. Foi feita a simulação de um tratamento em uma paciente feminino de 20 anos, para avaliação do risco de desenvolvimento de câncer secundário após a exposição à radiação. Para isso, utilizamos o fantoma feminino e o acelerador linear Clinac® iX 885 da Varian para a calibração dos TLDs e irradiação do fantoma. O programa online RadRAT foi usado para avaliar o risco ao longo da vida. Foi feita a comparação entre cinco países cujas informações sobre expectativa de vida e taxa de incidência de câncer estão registradas no programa. Nossos resultados mostraram que o tratamento convencional para o linfoma de Hodgkin acarreta um risco atribuído maior para o  desenvolvimento de câncer no cérebro aumentando entre 21% e 23% o número de novos casos. Para câncer no útero, o excesso de risco é pouco maior que 2%, não tendo um aumento estatisticamente significante (p=0,30). O câncer de bexiga, no entanto, apesar de ser o órgão mais distante do campo de irradiação teve um risco atribuído ao longo da vida próximo a 10% na maioria dos grupos populacionais.
Prediction of in vitro release of nanoencapsulated phenolic compounds using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Espinosa-Sandoval Luz América , Ochoa-Martínez Claudia Isabel , Ayala-Aponte Alfredo Adolfo
Published: April 2020

In Vitro Release modeling (IVR) of nanoencapsulated phenolic compounds (PC) is complex, due to the number of factors involved in the process. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are useful tools for its prediction because they consider the effect of all factors on the response. The release at 5h is crucial in kinetics because, in most cases, it is an equilibrium point leading to a constant phase. The objective of this investigation was to predict the IVR of nanoencapsulated PC at 5h using ANN. A database with information from the scientific literature was used. This model permits mathematical correlation of the IVR at 5h with eleven factors. The optimal network configuration consisted of one hidden layer with one neuron. A mathematical model was obtained with a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.0516 and a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.8413.
Continuous and pulse fertigation on dry matter production and nutrient accumulation in coriander
Authors: Menezes Sirleide Maria de , Silva Gerônimo Ferreira da , Silva Manassés Mesquita da , Morais José Edson Florentino de , Santos Júnior José Amilton , Menezes Dimas , Rolim Mário Monteiro
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the dry matter production and nutrient accumulation of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) under pulse and continuous fertigation depths. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in 2 x 5 factorial arrangement, with three replicates. Treatments consisted of two types of fertigation application (pulse and continuous) and five fertigation depths (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% of crop evapotranspiration – ETc). Highest accumulations of dry matter, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were obtained with pulse fertigation. Pulse fertigation combined with depths lower than 100% ETc led to highest accumulations of K, Mn, Cu and Zn. The accumulation of nutrients decreased in the following order: K > N > Ca > P > Mg > S > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu.