bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping knowledge structure and emerging trends of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a bibliometric and visualized study
Authors: Lu Yanqiu , Li Wanqing , Qi Shaoyan , Cheng Kunming , Wu Haiyang
Published: July 2024

Introduction

With the discovery of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), it is considered as a valuable tool for supporting the treatment of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It has gained increasing attention, particularly during the COVID-19 epidemic. However, to date, no relevant bibliometric research on the association between ECMO and ARDS (ECMO-ARDS) has been reported. Our study aimed to summarize the knowledge structure and research focus of ECMO-ARDS through a bibliometric analysis.

Method

Publications related to ECMO-ARDS from 2000 to 2022 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Research data underwent bibliometric and visual analysis by using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and one online analysis platform. By analyzing the countries, institutions, journals, authors, the geographic distribution of research contributions as well as the leading institutions and researchers in this field were identified. Additionally, prominent journals and highly cited publications were highlighted, indicating their influence and significance in the field. Moreover, the co-citation references and co-occurring keywords provided valuable information on the major research topics, trends, and potential emerging frontiers.

Results

A total of 1,565 publications from 60 countries/regions were retrieved. The annual publication number over time revealed exponential growth trends (R2 = 0.9511). The United States was dominant in ECMO-ARDS research, whereas the Univ Toronto was most productive institution. Prof Combes A published the most publications in this area. ASAIO Journal and Intensive Care Medicine were the most active and co-cited journals, respectively. Reference co-citation analysis showed that current research focus has shifted to COVID-related ARDS, multi-center studies, as well as prone positioning. Apart from the keywords “ECMO” and “ARDS”, other keywords appearing at high frequency in the research field were “COVID-19”, “mechanical ventilation”, “extracorporeal life support”, “respiratory failure”, “veno-venous ECMO”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “outcome”. Among them, keywords like “mortality”, “veno-venous ECMO”, “epidemiology”, “obesity”, “coagulopathy”, “lung ultrasound”, “inhalation injury”, “noninvasive ventilation”, “diagnosis”, “heparin”, “cytokine storm” has received growing interest in current research and also has the potential to continue to become research hotspots in the near future.

Conclusion

This bibliometric analysis offers a comprehensive understanding of the current state of ECMO-ARDS research and can serve as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders in exploring future research directions and fostering collaborations in this critical field.
The Beijing angle closure progression study: design and methodology
Authors: Liang Zhi-qiao , Yang Kang-yi , Lv Kun , Ma Yao , Sun Cun , Liang Ge , Yue Yan-kun , Qin Jia-yin , Zhao Yao , Zhang Jia-nan , Yi Qiong , Sun Xing-zhi , Wu Hui-juan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to summarize the design and methodology of a large-scale trial in northern China, the Beijing Angle Closure Progression Study (BAPS). This trial is designed to explore the 5-year incidence of primary angle-closure suspect (PACS) progressing to primary angle-closure (PAC) or primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and to determine the possible risk factors of disease progression.

Methods/design

The BAPS is a clinic-based, multicenter, noninterventional trial conducted on a sample of urban Chinese adults. Consecutive eligible patients who meet PACS diagnostic criteria will be recruited from eight participating centers, with the trial commencing on August 4, 2022. The target sample size is set at 825 subjects, with follow up planned for a minimum period of 5 years. Baseline examination will include presenting visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), undilated slit-lamp biomicroscopy, stereoscopic evaluation of the optic disc, visual field test, optical coherence tomography evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer, ultrasound biomicroscopy and IOLMaster. Questionnaires will also be used to collect detailed personal history. Patients are scheduled to visit the glaucoma clinic every 12 months and may visit the emergency room in case of acute attack of angle closure. Study endpoints include acute PAC episodes, elevated IOP, peripheral anterior synechiae, glaucomatous visual field defect, or glaucomatous abnormality of optic nerve.

Discussion

The BAPS will provide data on the 5-year incidence of PACS progressing to PAC or PACG and determine the risk factors for disease progression. This study will also help redefine high-risk patients with PACS.
Integrity at stake: confronting “publish or perish” in the developing world and emerging economies
Authors: Vasconez-Gonzalez Jorge , Izquierdo-Condoy Juan S. , Naranjo-Lara Patricio , Garcia-Bereguiain Miguel Ángel , Ortiz-Prado Esteban
Published: July 2024

The scientific community faces significant ethical challenges due to the “publish or perish” culture, particularly in developing and emerging economies. This paper explores the widespread unethical practices in scientific publishing, including the sale of authorships, the proliferation of “paper mills,” and the misuse of artificial intelligence to produce fraudulent research. These practices undermine the integrity of scientific research, skew publication metrics, and distort academic rankings. This study examines various instances of academic fraud, emphasizing the impact on low-income countries, with specific cases from Latin America. Recommendations include stricter verification of authorship, disciplinary measures for scientific fraud, and policies promoting transparency and accountability in research. Addressing these challenges is crucial for maintaining the integrity and credibility of scientific endeavors globally.
Ethical framework for FACILITATE: a foundation for the return of clinical trial data to participants
Authors: Staunton Ciara , Blom Johanna M. C. , Mascalzoni Deborah ,   on behalf of the IMI FACILITATE Consortium
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the importance of return of clinical trial data to patients in the context of the FACILITATE project that aims to develop a participant-centric approach for the systematic return of individual clinical trial data. It reflects on the need for an ethical framework to support the return of clinical trial data. The discussion revolves around the developing FACILITATE ethical framework, specifically focusing on the ethical principles that form the foundation of the framework and guidance on how to implement those principles into practice.
Succession characteristics of phytoplankton functional groups and ecological assessment in a cold spring-type urban lake, China
Authors: Shen Henglun , Xu He , Zhang Xinru , Zhu Tianshun , Jiang Wanxiang , Li Xin
Published: July 2024

Phytoplankton functional groups have been increasingly utilized in elucidating and predicting the response of phytoplankton species to environmental conditions and seasonal succession in various aquatic systems including lakes, rivers and reservoirs. However, it is still unclear whether the trait-based functional classification can be applied to spring-type lakes. To understand the temporal and spatial characteristics of phytoplankton functional groups and their responses to environmental factors in spring-type urban lake in northern China, an investigation was conducted in Daming Lake from May 2020 to September 2021. The findings revealed the identification of 98 phytoplankton taxa belonging to 6 phyla, predominantly being Chlorophyta (39.8%), Bacillariophyta (35.7%) and Cyanophyta (15.3%). The dominant species were Microcystis sp., Merismopedia minima, Synedra acus and Scenedesmus quadricauda. These phytoplankton taxa were categorized into 21 functional groups, with 6 dominant functional groups (abbreviated as D, MP, P, J, Lo, and W1). Among them, the functional group D, primarily constituted by S. acus, exhibited absolute predominance. The seasonal succession sequence of the dominant functional groups was as follows: D/P/J/MP/ Lo →→ D/P/W1/MP/Lo/J → D/P/J → D/MP → D/P/MP. Throughout the investigation period, the trophic level index (TLI) ranged from 39.10 to 71.13, and the Q index was from 1.91 to 2.91, both indicating a medium health state for Daming Lake, which was consistent with the evaluation results of the diversity index. The results of redundancy analysis revealed that the main driving factors of phytoplankton FG biomass and composition were water temperature (WT), total nitrogen (TN), transparency (SD), TN:TP (N:P), redox potential (ORP), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) and pH. The dominance of the functional group D positively correlated with water temperature, TN, CODMn, pH and N:P but negatively correlated with SD. It was observed that functional groups and the Q index can objectively indicate the seasonal succession of phytoplankton and the water quality status of Daming Lake. Our discoveries have significant implications for the comprehension of the effects of urbanization on phytoplankton dynamics and for enhancing lake management practices to foster sustainable urban development.
Causal relationship between gut microbiota and constipation: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Feng Cuncheng , Gao Guanzhuang , Wu Kai , Weng Xiaoqi
Published: July 2024

Background

Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder affecting approximately 15% of the global population, leading to significant healthcare burdens. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of constipation, although causality remains uncertain due to potential confounding factors in observational studies. This study aims to clarify the causal relationships between gut microbiota and constipation using a bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach, which helps to overcome confounding issues and reverse causality.

Methods

Utilizing data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the MiBioGen consortium and other sources, we identified genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs) for 196 bacterial traits and constipation. These IVs were rigorously selected based on their association with the traits and absence of linkage with confounding factors. We applied several MR methods, including Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR Egger, and MR-PRESSO, to examine the causal effects in both directions.

Results

Our analysis revealed a significant causal relationship where specific bacterial taxa such as Coprococcus1 (OR = 0.798, 95%CI: 0.711–0.896, p < 0.001), Coprococcus3 (OR = 0.851, 95%CI: 0.740–0.979, p = 0.024), Desulfovibrio (OR = 0.902, 95%CI: 0.817–0.996, p = 0.041), Flavonifractor (OR = 0.823, 95%CI: 0.708–0.957, p < 0.001), and Lachnospiraceae UCG004, whereas others including Ruminococcaceae UCG005 (OR = 1.127, 95%CI: 1.008–1.261, p = 0.036), Eubacterium nodatum group (OR = 1.080, 95%CI: 1.018–1.145, p = 0.025), Butyricimonas (OR = 1.118, 95%CI: 1.014–1.233, p = 0.002), and Bacteroidetes (OR = 1.274, 95%CI: 1.014–1.233, p < 0.001) increase constipation risk. In the reverse MR analysis, constipation was found to influence the abundance of certain taxa, including Family XIII, Porphyromonadaceae, Proteobacteria, Lentisphaeria, Veillonellaceae, Victivallaceae, Catenibacterium, Sellimonas, and Victivallales, indicating a bidirectional relationship. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, with no evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.

Conclusion

The relationship between our study gut microbiota and constipation interacts at the genetic level, which gut microbiota can influence the onset of constipation, and constipation can alter the gut microbiota. Coprococcus1, Coprococcus3, Desulfovibrio, Flavonifractor and Lachnospiraceae UCG004 play a protective role against constipation, while Ruminococcaceae UCG005, Eubacterium nodatum group, Butyricimonas, and Bacteroidetes are associated with an increased risk. In addition, constipation correlates positively with the abundance of Family XIII, Porphyromonadaceae and Proteobacteria, while negatively with Lentisphaeria, Veillonellaceae, Victivallaceae, Catenibacterium, Sellimonas, and Victivallales.
The relationship between hypoxia and Alzheimer’s disease: an updated review
Authors: Tao Borui , Gong Wei , Xu Chengyuan , Ma Zhihui , Mei Jinyu , Chen Ming
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and the most prevalent form of dementia. The main hallmarks for the diagnosis of AD are extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque deposition and intracellular accumulation of highly hyperphosphorylated Tau protein as neurofibrillary tangles. The brain consumes more oxygen than any other organs, so it is more easily to be affected by hypoxia. Hypoxia has long been recognized as one of the possible causes of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, but the exact mechanism has not been clarified. In this review, we will elucidate the connection between hypoxia-inducible factors-1α and AD, including its contribution to AD and its possible protective effects. Additionally, we will discuss the relationship between oxidative stress and AD as evidence show that oxidative stress acts on AD-related pathogenic factors such as mitochondrial dysfunction, Aβ deposition, inflammation, etc. Currently, there is no cure for AD. Given the close association between hypoxia, oxidative stress, and AD, along with current research on the protective effects of antioxidants against AD, we speculate that antioxidants could be a potential therapeutic approach for AD and worth further study.
Glial cells in the mammalian olfactory bulb
Authors: Zhao Dan , Hu Meigeng , Liu Shaolin
Published: July 2024

The mammalian olfactory bulb (OB), an essential part of the olfactory system, plays a critical role in odor detection and neural processing. Historically, research has predominantly focused on the neuronal components of the OB, often overlooking the vital contributions of glial cells. Recent advancements, however, underscore the significant roles that glial cells play within this intricate neural structure. This review discus the diverse functions and dynamics of glial cells in the mammalian OB, mainly focused on astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, olfactory ensheathing cells, and radial glia cells. Each type of glial contributes uniquely to the OB's functionality, influencing everything from synaptic modulation and neuronal survival to immune defense and axonal guidance. The review features their roles in maintaining neural health, their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases, and their potential in therapeutic applications for neuroregeneration. By providing a comprehensive overview of glial cell types, their mechanisms, and interactions within the OB, this article aims to enhance our understanding of the olfactory system's complexity and the pivotal roles glial cells play in both health and disease.
Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and spontaneous CSF leaks: the connective tissue conundrum
Authors: Severance Sydney , Daylor Victoria , Petrucci Taylor , Gensemer Cortney , Patel Sunil , Norris Russell A.
Published: July 2024

Collagen, the most abundant protein in the body, is a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which plays a crucial role in the structure and support of connective tissues. Abnormalities in collagen associated with connective tissue disorders (CTD) can lead to neuroinflammation and weaken the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a semi-permeable membrane that separates the brain’s extracellular fluid from the bloodstream. This compromise in the BBB can result from disruptions in ECM components, leading to neuroinflammatory responses, neuronal damage, and increased risks of neurological disorders. These changes impact central nervous system homeostasis and may exacerbate neurological conditions linked to CTD, manifesting as cognitive impairment, sensory disturbances, headaches, sleep issues, and psychiatric symptoms. The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of heritable CTDs that result from varying defects in collagen and the ECM. The most prevalent subtype, hypermobile EDS (hEDS), involves clinical manifestations that include joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, autonomic dysfunction, mast cell activation, chronic pain, as well as neurological manifestations like chronic headaches and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. Understanding the connections between collagen, CSF, inflammation, and the BBB could provide insights into neurological diseases associated with connective tissue abnormalities and guide future research.
Simultaneous and cumulative effects of tDCS on cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Muccio Marco , Pilloni Giuseppina , Walton Masters Lillian , He Peidong , Krupp Lauren , Datta Abhishek , Bikson Marom , Charvet Leigh , Ge Yulin
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique with simultaneous (during stimulation) and cumulative effects (after repeated sessions) on blood flow and neuronal metabolism. These effects remain mostly unclear especially in multiple sclerosis (MS). This work aims to elucidate brain metabolic and hemodynamic underpinnings of tDCS and its potential therapeutic impact in MS patients using quantitative tDCS-MRI.

Methods

MS participants (n = 20; age = 45.4 ± 12.3 years, 7 males) underwent 3 T MRI scans before and after 20 daily sessions of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC) tDCS (2.0 mA, left anodal) paired with adaptive cognitive training (aCT). During both visits, imaging measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral venous blood oxygenation (Yv) and calculated cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were obtained at pre-tDCS, during-tDCS and post-tDCS.

Results

At baseline, significant increase from pre- to during-tDCS was observed in CMRO2 (7.6%; p = 0.002), CBF (11.0%; p < 0.0001) and Yv (1.9%; p = 0.006). At follow up, we observed an increase in pre-tDCS CMRO2 (140.59 ± 13.83 μmol/100 g/min) compared to baseline pre-tDCS levels (128.30 ± 14.00 μmol/100 g/min; p = 0.006). Sustained elevations in CMRO2 and CBF into post-tDCS were also observed (tDCS lingering effects). Cumulative tDCS effects were observed in the form of sustained elevations in CMRO2 and CBF in pre-tDCS follow up, reaching the magnitudes measured at baseline during-tDCS.

Discussion

TDCS induces an acute surge in metabolic activity persisting immediately after the stimulation is removed. Moreover, treatment composed of repeated tDCS-aCT paired sessions contributes to establishing long-lasting increases in neuronal activity.
Close approximations to the sound of a cochlear implant
Authors: Dorman Michael F. , Natale Sarah C. , Stohl Joshua S. , Felder Jenna
Published: July 2024

Cochlear implant (CI) systems differ in terms of electrode design and signal processing. It is likely that patients fit with different implant systems will experience different percepts when presented speech via their implant. The sound quality of speech can be evaluated by asking single-sided-deaf (SSD) listeners fit with a cochlear implant (CI) to modify clean signals presented to their typically hearing ear to match the sound quality of signals presented to their CI ear. In this paper, we describe very close matches to CI sound quality, i.e., similarity ratings of 9.5 to 10 on a 10-point scale, by ten patients fit with a 28 mm electrode array and MED EL signal processing. The modifications required to make close approximations to CI sound quality fell into two groups: One consisted of a restricted frequency bandwidth and spectral smearing while a second was characterized by a wide bandwidth and no spectral smearing. Both sets of modifications were different from those found for patients with shorter electrode arrays who chose upshifts in voice pitch and formant frequencies to match CI sound quality. The data from matching-based metrics of CI sound quality document that speech sound-quality differs for patients fit with different CIs and among patients fit with the same CI.
Reformulating ice cream to improve postprandial glucose response: an opportunity for industry to create shared value
Authors: Al-Ozairi Ebaa , Mandani Yousef , Alfaleh Ghanima , Raj Jincy , Alshammari Shadan , Le Roux Carel W.
Published: July 2024

Ultra-processed foods are associated with metabolic dysfunction and driving chronic diseases. The Metabolic Matrix is a tool used to reformulate products to promote positive metabolic outcomes. The Kuwait Danish Dairy Company (KDD) has used this tool to develop a no-added-sugar products. This clinical trial tested the glycaemic response of a no-added-sugar ice cream in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The hypothesis was that the no-added-sugar ice cream would have a substantially better postprandial glycemic response than conventional ice cream in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this randomized cross over designed study, postprandial glycemic response was measured after 300 grams of no-added-sugar ice cream or normal ice cream was consumed. Despite similar composition and palatability, the postprandial responses were better with the no-added sugar ice cream, albeit that the natural sugar in the product still resulted in a marked postprandial glycaemic response. This finding emphasizes the necessity of clearly communicating to both patients and healthcare professionals that “no-added-sugar” does not equate to “zero total sugar.” The path to improved metabolic health involves not only product improvement but also transparent messaging to enable informed dietary choices. Reformulation resulting in palatable no-added sugar products provides an opportunity for companies to Create Shared Value by addressing the important social problems such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, by creating scalable solutions, that are profitable.

Clinical trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifiers NCT06135935.
Intestinal permeability in human cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiao Jiang-Hong , Wang Yu , Zhang Xi-Mei , Wang Wen-Xiao , Zhang Qiao , Tang Yu-Ping , Yue Shi-Jun
Published: July 2024

Background

There is a link between cardiovascular diseases and intestinal permeability, but it is not clear. This review aimed to elucidate intestinal permeability in cardiovascular diseases by meta-analysis.

Methods

Multidisciplinary electronic databases were searched from the database creation to April 2023. All included studies were assessed for risk of bias according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. The heterogeneity of each study was estimated using the I2 statistic, and the data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 16.0.

Results

In total, studies in 13 pieces of literature were included in the quantitative meta-analysis. These studies were conducted among 1,321 subjects mostly older than 48. Patients had higher levels of intestinal permeability markers (lipopolysaccharide, d-lactate, zonulin, serum diamine oxidase, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, intestinal fatty acid binding protein, and melibiose/rhamnose) than controls (standard mean difference SMD = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.31–1.88; p < 0.00001). Similarly, lipopolysaccharide levels were higher in patients than in controls (SMD = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.02–2.21; p < 0.00001); d-lactate levels were higher in patients than in controls (SMD = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.23–2.08; p = 0.01); zonulin levels were higher in patients than in controls (SMD = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.45–2.03; p < 0.00001); serum diamine oxidase levels were higher in patients than in controls (SMD = 2.51; 95% CI = 0.29–4.73; p = 0.03).

Conclusion

The results of the meta-analysis verified that the intestinal barrier was damaged and intestinal permeability was increased in patients with cardiovascular diseases. These markers may become a means of the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=414296, identifier CRD42023414296.
Optimization of treatment strategies for elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Qiang , Ying Shuo , Qin Jianwen , Zhang Li
Published: July 2024

Lung cancer stands as a malignant neoplasm bearing the highest burden of morbidity and mortality within the elderly population on a global scale. Among the lung cancer subtypes, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prevails as the most prevalent. As age advances, elderly patients often present with an increased prevalence of comorbidities, diminished organ reserve function, and alterations in drug pharmacokinetics, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and clearance. These factors collectively contribute to a reduction in their capacity to tolerate therapeutic interventions. Regrettably, there exists a paucity of research data and evidence regarding the management of elderly patients afflicted by advanced lung cancer. This article endeavors to compile and elucidate strategies for the enhancement of treatment approaches, with the aim of aiding clinical decision-making. Prior to the selection of clinical treatment modalities for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC, a comprehensive assessment should be conducted, taking into account various facets, including tumor characteristics, patient age, physiological status, and the presence of comorbidities. The treatment strategy should be implemented in a tiered fashion, thereby affording the opportunity for the tailoring of individualized therapeutic approaches for elderly patients afflicted by advanced NSCLC. The demographic of elderly patients confronting advanced NSCLC presents a complex landscape marked by intricate underlying conditions, necessitating the imperative optimization of treatment strategies.
Comprehensive strategies in breast cancer-related lymphedema prevention: insights from a multifaceted program
Authors: Bhimani Fardeen , McEvoy Maureen , Chen Yu , Gupta Anjuli , Pastoriza Jessica , Cavalli Arianna , Obaid Liane , Rachofsky Carolyn , Fruchter Shani , Feldman Sheldon
Published: July 2024

Background

Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) profoundly impacts patients’ quality of life, causing heightened depression, anxiety, and physical limitations. Surgical removal of the axillary nodes, combined with radiation therapy, is a significant risk factor for BCRL. Smarter axillary surgery, coupled with early detection and fostering lymphedema education, significantly improves BCRL management, promoting timely diagnosis and treatment. A lymphedema prevention program encompassing all these factors can significantly aid in preventing, treating, and reducing the severity of BCRL cases. Therefore, our study aims to share our insights and experiences gained from implementing a lymphedema prevention program at our institution.

Methods & Results

At our institution, axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is performed on all patients undergoing axillary surgery. We surveil these patients with pre- and postoperative SOZO® measurements using bioimpedance spectroscopy to detect sub-clinical lymphedema. Concerning education, we use a 3-pronged approach with surgeons, nurse practitioners, and video representation for patients. We have had 212 patients undergo the ARM procedure since 2019, with three (1.41%) developing persistent lymphedema.

Conclusion

Our study underscores the significance of a comprehensive lymphedema prevention program, integrating smarter axillary surgery, early detection, and patient education. The lymphedema rate of 1.41% not only validates the success rate of these interventions but also advocates for their widespread adoption to enhance the holistic care of breast cancer survivors. As we continue to refine and expand our program, further research, and long-term follow-up are crucial to improve prevention strategies continually and enhance the overall well-being of individuals at risk of BCRL.
Creating a community advisory board for pediatric bladder health
Authors: Teehan Emily , Phord-Toy Ashley , Venkatapuram Pranaya , Kan Kathleen M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Pediatric lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are highly prevalent in neurologically healthy school-aged children. However, no evidence-based programs exist to prevent or treat LUTS in the community setting. To address this, we established the first community advisory board (CAB) that aims to identify individual and societal structures impacting pediatric bladder health in Northern California's Bay Area and co-design culturally relevant bladder health interventions.

Methods

Probability and non-probability sampling methods were used to recruit community stakeholders to the CAB. Our final CAB comprised of two parents, two community health workers, one educator, one pediatric urology registered nurse, and one pediatrician. The CAB met quarterly during the 1-year study period.

Results

Bi-directional feedback identified community-level barriers to bladder health, particularly in the school environment, and the need for tailored resources to teach children and families about healthy bladder behaviors.

Discussion

The CAB co-designed school-based bladder health interventions, including bladder health posters, and provided feedback on three school-based research study proposals. The CAB will continue to guide and inform future community-engaged research efforts.
Management of drug supply chain information based on “artificial intelligence + vendor managed inventory” in China: perspective based on a case study
Authors: Shen Jianwen , Bu Fengjiao , Ye Zhengqiang , Zhang Min , Ma Qin , Yan Jingchao , Huang Taomin
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To employ a drug supply chain information system to optimize drug management practices, reducing costs and improving efficiency in financial and asset management.

Methods

A digital artificial intelligence + vendor managed inventory (AI+VMI)-based system for drug supply chain information management in hospitals has been established. The system enables digitalization and intelligentization of purchasing plans, reconciliations, and consumption settlements while generating purchase, sales, inventory reports as well as various query reports. The indicators for evaluating the effectiveness before and after project implementation encompass drug loss reporting, inventory discrepancies, inter-hospital medication retrieval frequency, drug expenditure, and cloud pharmacy service utilization.

Results

The successful implementation of this system has reduced the hospital inventory rate to approximately 20% and decreased the average annual inventory error rate from 0.425‰ to 0.025‰, significantly boosting drug supply chain efficiency by 42.4%. It has also minimized errors in drug application, allocation, and distribution while increasing adverse reaction reports. Drug management across multiple hospital districts has been standardized, leading to improved access to medicines and enhanced patient satisfaction.

Conclusion

The AI+VMI system improves drug supply chain management by ensuring security, reducing costs, enhancing efficiency and safety of drug management, and elevating the professional competence and service level of pharmaceutical personnel.
Overexpression of Nrf2 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promotes B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells invasion and extramedullary organ infiltration through stimulation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis
Authors: Zheng Lin , Pan Chengyun , Ma Dan , Shang Qin , Hu Tianzhen , Zhang Tianzhuo , Kang Qian , Hu Xiuying , Cao Shuyun , Wang Li , Luo Hong , Wang Jishi
Published: July 2024

Background

Tumor microenvironment (TME) represents the key factor inducing leukemia development. As stromal cells within the leukemia microenvironment, Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) can trigger leukemia progression under certain conditions. As a critical transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2) can modulate antioxidant response and antioxidant enzyme gene expression, and prevent various oxidative changes. We previously identified a novel mechanism by which Nrf2 promotes leukemia resistance, providing a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of drug-resistant/refractory leukemias. However, the role of Nrf2 in BM-MSCs from B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients has not been clearly reported. The present work focused on investigating the effect of Nrf2 overexpression within MSCs on leukemia cell invasion, extramedullary infiltration and proliferation as well as its downstream pathway.

Methods

Through clinical sample detection, in vitro cell experiments and in vivo animal experiments, the role of Nrf2 within MSCs within adult B-ALL cell migration and invasion and its potential molecular mechanism was explored through transcriptome sequencing analysis, RT-PCR, Western blot, cell migration, cell invasion, lentivirus transfection and other experiments.

Results

Nrf2 was highly expressed in BM-MSCs from patients with B-ALL as well as in BM-MSCs co-cultured with leukemia cells. Overexpression of Nrf2 within MSCs significantly promoted leukemia cell migration, invasion and proliferation. The extramedullary organ infiltration rate in B-ALL model mice receiving the combined infusion of both cell types dramatically increased relative to that of leukemia cells alone, accompanied by the significantly shortened survival time. Mechanism study found that Nrf2 overexpression within MSCs promoted PI3K-AKT/ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the downstream pathway by activating SDF-1/CXCR4 axis, ultimately leading to extramedullary infiltration of leukemia cells.

Conclusion

High Nrf2 expression with in MSCs enhances leukemia cell invasion and migration, which then accelerates infiltration in leukemic extramedullary organs. Targeting Nrf2 or inhibiting its downstream signal molecules may be the effective interventions for B-ALL patients treatment.
Metabolic, transcriptomic, and genetic analyses of candidate genes for seed size in watermelon
Authors: Wang Xiqing , Yan Wen , Real Núria , Jia Yunhe , Fu Yongkai , Zhang Xuejun , You Haibo , Cai Yi , Liu Bin
Published: July 2024

Seed size (SS) constitutes a pivotal trait in watermelon breeding. In this study, we present findings from an examination of two watermelon accessions, namely, BW85 and F211. Seeds from BW85 exhibited a significant enlargement compared to those of F211 at 13 days after pollination (DAP), with the maximal disparity in seed length and width manifesting at 17 DAP. A comprehensive study involving both metabolic and transcriptomic analyses indicated a significant enrichment of the ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis KEGG pathways. To detect the genetic region governing seed size, a BSA-seq analysis was conducted utilizing the F2 (BW85 × F211) population, which resulted in the identification of two adjacent QTLs, namely, SS6.1 and SS6.2, located on chromosomes 6. SS6.1 spanned from Chr06:4847169 to Chr06:5163486, encompassing 33 genes, while SS6.2 ranged from Chr06:5379337 to Chr06:5419136, which included only one gene. Among these genes, 11 exhibited a significant differential expression between BW85 and F211 according to transcriptomic analysis. Notably, three genes (Cla97C06G113960, Cla97C06G114180, and Cla97C06G114000) presented a differential expression at both 13 and 17 DAP. Through annotation, Cla97C06G113960 was identified as a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, playing a role in the ubiquitin pathway that mediates seed size control. Taken together, our results provide a novel candidate gene influencing the seed size in watermelon, shedding light on the mechanism underlying seed development.
Subsoil tillage improved the maize stalk lodging resistance under high planting density
Authors: Feng Xueying , Ma Daling , Lei Tianen , Hu Shuping , Yu Xiaofang , Gao Julin
Published: July 2024

Lodging reduces maize yield and quality. The improvement in maize lodging resistance has proven to be instrumental in maximizing the yield potential of maize varieties under high-density planting. Tillage practices accommodate larger groups by enhancing soil conditions. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of subsoil tillage in reducing the maize stalk lodging rate. The maize cultivars Xianyu 335 (XY335) and Zhongdan2 (ZD2) were selected for field experiments including two tillage methods, shallow rotary (RT) and subsoil (SS), and two densities, 75,000 plants ha−1 (D1) and 105,000 plants ha−1 (D2), were set up to investigate and analyze the changes of maize lodging rate and the related indexes of lodging resistance under SS and RT conditions. The findings revealed that under high density, as compared to rotary tillage, SS tillage decreased the plant and ear height by 9.01–9.20 cm and 3.50–4.90 cm, respectively. The stalk dry matter accumulation was enhanced by 8.98%–24.98%, while stalk diameter between two and seven internodes increased by 0.47– 4.15 mm. Stalk cellulose increased by 11.83% –12.38%, hemicellulose increased by 6.7%–15.97%, and lignin increased by 9.86%–15.9%. The rind puncture and crushing strength improved by 3.11%–20.06% and 11.90%–27.07%, respectively. The bending strength increased by 6.25%–27.96% and the lodging rate decreased by 1.20%–6.04%. Yield increased by 7.58%–8.17%. At SS tillage when density increased, the index changes in ZD2 were mostly less than those in XY335. The rind penetration strength, bending strength, crushing strength, stalk diameter, and dry matter accumulation all had a negative correlation with the lodging rate. It suggested that SS tillage was beneficial to lodging resistance and, in combination with stalk lodging-resistant varieties, can effectively alleviate the problem of stalk lodging after increased planting density.
Plant responses to abiotic stress regulated by histone acetylation
Authors: Wang Fei , Li Chong-Hua , Liu Ying , He Ling-Feng , Li Ping , Guo Jun-Xin , Zhang Na , Zhao Bing , Guo Yang-Dong
Published: July 2024

In eukaryotes, histone acetylation and deacetylation play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Histone acetylation levels are reversibly regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Increasing evidence highlights histone acetylation plays essential roles in the regulation of gene expression in plant response to environmental stress. In this review, we discussed the recent advance of histone acetylation in the regulation of abiotic stress responses including temperature, light, salt and drought stress. This information will contribute to our understanding of how plants adapt to environmental changes. As the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation are conserved in many plants, research in this field has potential applications in improvement of agricultural productivity.
Genome-wide association analysis reveal candidate genes and haplotypes related to root weight in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Dai Zhuonan , Dong Shaoyun , Cai Hexu , Beckles Diane M. , Guan Jiantao , Liu Xiaoping , Gu Xingfang , Miao Han , Zhang Shengping
Published: July 2024

Background

The plant root system is critical for the absorption of water and nutrients, and have a direct influence on growth and yield. In cucumber, a globally consumed crop, the molecular mechanism of root development remains unclear, and this has implications for developing stress tolerant varieties. This study sought to determine the genetic patterns and related genes of cucumber root weight. A core cucumber germplasms population was used to do the GWAS analysis in three environments.

Results

Here, we investigated four root-weight related traits including root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), ratio of root dry weight to root fresh weight (RDFW) and the comprehensive evaluation index, D-value of root weight (DRW) deduced based on the above three traits for the core germplasm of the cucumber global repository. According to the D-value, we identified 21 and 16 accessions with light and heavy-root, respectively. We also found that the East Asian ecotype accessions had significantly heavier root than other three ecotypes. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) for these four traits reveals that 4 of 10 significant loci (gDRW3.1, gDRW3.2, gDRW4.1 and gDRW5.1) were repeatedly detected for at least two traits. Further haplotype and expression analysis for protein-coding genes positioned within these 4 loci between light and heavy-root accessions predicted five candidate genes (i.e., Csa3G132020 and Csa3G132520 both encoding F-box protein PP2-B1 for gDRW3.1, Csa3G629240 encoding a B-cell receptor-associated protein for gDRW3.2, Csa4G499330 encodes a GTP binding protein for gDRW4.1, and Csa5G286040 encodes a proteinase inhibitor for gDRW5.1).

Conclusions

We conducted a systematic analysis of the root genetic basis and characteristics of cucumber core germplasms population. We detected four novel loci, which regulate the root weight in cucumber. Our study provides valuable candidate genes and haplotypes for the improvement of root system in cucumber breeding.
Cognitive impairment among alcohol treatment service users in South Wales: an exploratory examination of typologies of behaviour, impairment, and service attendance
Authors: Davies Nyle H. , Lewis Julia , John Bev , Quelch Darren , Roderique-Davies Gareth
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Alcohol dependence is a global issue with many negative consequences, including alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD). Assessment of the sociodemographic and cognitive characteristics of individuals with confirmed or suspected ARBD presenting to alcohol services warrants further investigation.

Methods

This study retrospectively examined rates of cognitive impairment using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) data from 300 adults who visited three alcohol support services. We demonstrate that 55.3% of the sample had significant levels of cognitive impairment. Females’ cognitive performance was disproportionately negatively affected by historical alcohol use relative to males.

Results

The analysis identified four categories of participants, and the majority had a long history (+10 years) of alcohol use and were still actively drinking. Those taking part in active treatment for ARBD or practising abstinence demonstrated lower levels of cognitive impairment. Additionally, prior access to specialised ARBD care was associated with higher MoCA scores.

Discussion

This research has identified a range of key service engagement, sociodemographic and cognitive characteristics that could be used to optimise support for those with alcohol dependence, whilst also highlighting some critical questions to be addressed in future research.
Depressive symptom mediates the association between the number of chronic diseases and cognitive impairment: a multi-center cross-sectional study based on community older adults
Authors: Lai Li-Chong , Huang Dong-Mei , Peng Jie , Cao Xiao-Ying , Feng Xiao-Ling , Tao Pin-Yue , Pan Xiao , Pan Qi-Ni , Fan Deng-Jing , Lu Shu-Yu , Li Cai-Li , Pan Yan-Fei , Dong Peng-Xin , Chai Yi-Dan , Huang Ping- , Wu Hai-Chen , Huang Hui-Qiao
Published: July 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between the multiple chronic conditions (MCC), mental health and cognitive function of older adults in the community, and to propose a hypothesis that depressive symptom mediate the number of chronic diseases and cognitive impairment in older adults.

Method

Participants aged 65 years and older from 35 communities in 14 cities in Guangxi, China were recruited. The residents’ depressive symptom (PHQ-9) and cognitive status (AD-8) were evaluated, Chi-square test was used to explore the effects of different socio-demographic characteristics on depressive symptom and cognitive impairment. Pearson correlation analysis and the process model 4 were used to explore the relationship between the number of chronic diseases, depressive symptom and cognitive impairment.

Result

A total of 11,582 older adults were included in our analysis. The rate of MCC reaching 26.53%. Hypertension combined with diabetes accounts for the highest proportion of two chronic diseases (13.2%). Among the combination of three chronic diseases, the highest incidence of coexisting hypertension combined with cervical/lumbar spondylosis, and rheumatoid arthritis (7.1%). In this study, depression symptoms accounted for 12.9% of older adults aged 65 and above, and cognitive impairment accounted for 27.4%. Female, older age, reside in urban areas, lower educational levels, no spouse, live alone, and MCC were risk factors for depressive symptom and cognitive impairment in older adults (P<0.05). Depressive symptom had a mediating effect in the number of chronic diseases and cognitive impairment, and the mediating effect (1.109) accounted for 44.13% of the total effect (0.247).

Conclusion

The mental health of the older adult needs to be taken seriously, and improving depressive symptom can reduce the occurrence of cognitive impairment in older patients with MCC to a certain extent.
Analysis of public policies to combat COVID-19 in the state of Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Bratti Frank Terre Bruna Regina , de Oliveira Toso Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves , Reis Luiz Fernando , Johann Jerry Adriani
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on several public sectors worldwide, requiring the implementation of public policies in an organized way to contain and control the disease. Thus, this study aimed to analyze public policies to face the COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Paraná, Brazil.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional, retrospective, quantitative survey carried out with data from March 2020 to March 2022 in the twenty-two municipalities that host the local health regions. Data collection was documentary, carried out from the municipal Portal da Transparência website, which is dedicated to making public all expenditures, and epidemiological bulletins released by the Health Department of the state of Paraná. The variables analyzed were New Cases and Deaths, Mortality and Lethality Coefficient, Incidence Rate, Vaccination Coverage, Number of Hospital and ICU beds exclusive to COVID-19, Settled Expenses destined for COVID-19 and coping measures, namely, the Declaration of Public Health Emergency, Curfew, Mandatory use of masks, Businesses closure, Teleworking of risk groups, and Suspension of activities with crowds and of classes. After collection, data underwent descriptive analysis, and subsequently, the correlation of variables was analyzed using the Spearman test. Multiple linear regression was applied using the variable selection method called best subset selection (BSS). The dependent variables listed were incidence rate, new cases and new deaths.

Results

The results showed that coping measures, as well as the application of resources for the pandemic, were implemented heterogeneously in the municipalities studied, and the progression of the disease, the distribution of beds and vaccination occurred unevenly and may be a reflection of the limited Brazilian national governance. An important correlation was observed between the incidence rate and new deaths with vaccination coverage. In addition, the regression model showed that measures such as mandatory use of masks, closure of shops, suspension of classes, and curfew showed important correlations with the variables incidence rate, cases, and new deaths.

Discussion

The study highlighted the importance of carrying out a robust analysis of public policies to face emergencies of global importance so that government entities are prepared for future crises of great repercussions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.