bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced Order Non-INtrusive modeling methodology formulation and application for mission analysis
Authors: Bateman Maj Mark , Mavris Dimitri , Colombi John , Sudol Alicia
Published: January 2025

The Department of Defense (DOD) has documented a strategic gap how exploratory analyses are accomplished to support capability development which was decomposed into areas of needed focused research. We began with an exploration of current methods for integrating different models to meet the concerns of Congress with regard to quality, accuracy, and dependability, noting that they have become too computationally prohibitive for exploring large trade spaces. In addition, current model abstraction methods have difficulty accounting for the increasing dimensionality associated with increasingly complex simulations. These observations led to the formulation of the Reduced Order Non-INtrusive (RONIN) modeling methodology, which generates predictive reduced order surrogate models, which capture more information regarding behaviors as compared to traditional methods. The RONIN modeling methodology works to create surrogate models which emulate stochastic full-order models (FOMs) by leveraging order reduction approaches, stochastic modeling methods, and regression techniques. To demonstrate the RONIN modeling methodology, a notional United States Air Force use case was defined, and a DOD standard simulation framework was used to create relevant simulation scenario which output a set of response distributions. Ultimately, the RONIN modeling method was used to create a predictive surrogate model which was able to reconstruct output distributions which are statically consistent with the original FOM on average over 99% of the time while reducing the time needed to generate a distribution of outputs from minutes down to less than a second.
Cost Comparison of Intramedullary Screw Fixation Versus Open Reduction and Internal Fixation With Plate and Screw Technique for Metacarpal Fractures
Authors: Choo Stephanie , Faust Amanda , Troyer Luke , Philips Rachel , London Daniel A. , Nuelle Julia A. V.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Intramedullary screw (IMS) fixation for metacarpal fractures is a relatively new fixation technique in comparison to plate and screw constructs. Our hypothesis evaluated whether IMS fixation for metacarpal fractures results in lower overall health care–associated costs in comparison to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients undergoing IMS fixation for metacarpal fractures at a single center during 2018 to 2022 was conducted. Health care–associated costs included primary operative costs (surgical time and implant(s)) and postoperative costs (therapy, splinting, and radiology). Costs were compared with age-matched and fracture pattern–matched controls who underwent ORIF with plate and screw construct. Subgroup analysis of cost outcomes excluding outliers was completed.

Results:

Eight subjects met the inclusion criteria and matched with an ORIF group. Primary operative costs were significantly higher in the ORIF group (mean difference of $1830, 95% CI: $1006 to $2653) The cost of an IMS at our institution was $584, whereas the average cost for plate and screw construct was $2538 (mean difference of $1953, 95% CI: $1665 to $2243). Total surgical costs were on average $3784 more for the ORIF group (95% CI: $2869 to $4700). There was no significant difference in outpatient follow-up costs (95% CI: −$441 to $3180). Total overall costs were significantly lower for the IMS group (95% CI: $2693 to $6513).

Conclusions:

Total primary operative costs and overall health care–associated costs for IMS fixation of metacarpal fractures is significantly lower than ORIF. There was no statistical difference in follow-up care costs. To better determine the indirect costs for patients, high-powered prospective studies will be required.
Sculpting Knowledge: Black Methodologies, Education Research, and Citation as Method-Making
Authors: Okello Wilson Kwamogi , Nyachae Tiffany M. , Jenkins DeMarcus A.
Published: January 2025

Centering Blackness in educational research is a pursuit of liberation grounded in process, inquiry, and relational praxis. This approach recognizes liberation as an ongoing, unfinished endeavor, urging researchers to disrupt the normative systems that constrain Black life and knowledge. Black methodologies emerge as flexible and transformative, drawing on Black creative and intellectual labor to challenge dominant epistemologies. In this context, centering Blackness involves using citation as a method-making practice—a critical approach to knowing, relating, questioning, and imagining otherwise. The articles in this collection embody these principles. Together, they advocate for referential, relational, and rebellious approaches to knowledge, expanding the possibilities of research rooted in Blackness. This collection reorients educational inquiry by proposing Black living as a method to rethink, disrupt, and transform systems of knowledge and power.
Racecadotril in the management of diarrhea: an underestimated therapeutic option?
Authors: Manfredi Marco , Marcianò Gianmarco , Iuliano Silvia , Leo Francesco , Gallelli Luca
Published: January 2025

Acute infectious diarrhea (AID) represents an important clinical entity both regarding morbidity and mortality rates, even in industrialized countries, and it leads to one of the major public health burdens, among gastroenterological diseases, with significant healthcare costs. Oral rehydration solution is the cornerstone of the therapy, but despite its proven efficacy in avoiding dehydration, it is still underused as it does not reduce the duration of diarrhea; hence, it is perceived as ineffective by caregivers. In this narrative review, we collected literature regarding the use of racecadotril, deeply discussing its role in the treatment of AID in both adults and children. Racecadotril has been studied in wide populations of patients, in many countries, and in different clinical settings. Its effectiveness in reducing the stool output and the duration of diarrhea has been proven, not only in the early phase of the disease. Racecadotril has been shown to increase the likelihood of home management of AID, to reduce hospitalizations and parenteral rehydration needs resulting in healthcare costs reduction. The current new formulations require only two-daily doses for adults and the pediatric syrup should simplify its use.
A Predictive Nomogram for Selective Screening of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Vo Nghia H. , Pham Bui V. , Nguyen Nghia N. , Nguyen Bao T.
Published: January 2025

Objectives:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with disability, low quality of life, and mortality. However, most cases are asymptomatic, often detected incidentally, or only recognized when they have progressed to the later stages with complications. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of CKD and develop a predictive nomogram for CKD in Vietnamese adults.

Methods:

This cross-sectional, population-based study involved 533 men and 957 women aged 18 years and older who were screened for CKD. The CKD was diagnosed using the albumin-to-creatinine ratio and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate by the CKD-EPI 2009 equation based on serum creatinine, age, gender, and race (these tests included a baseline measurement and a repeat measurement after 3 months) according to the KDIGO 2012 guideline. We used the Bayesian Model Averaging method to identify the optimal model for predicting CKD. A predictive nomogram was also developed to enable risk prediction.

Results:

The overall CKD prevalence was 13.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 11.6-14.6), with a prevalence of 11.8% (95% CI = 9.1-14.5) in men and 13.8% (95% CI = 11.6-16) in women. The optimal model for predicting CKD included age (odds ratio [OR] per 5-year increase = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.11-1.28), hypertension (OR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.50-2.89), and diabetes (OR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.18-2.43). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.7, with a 95% CI ranging from 0.65 to 0.73.

Conclusions:

The CKD is relatively common among Vietnamese adults. A simple model—including age, hypertension, and diabetes—is helpful for the selective screening of CKD in Vietnamese individuals.
Narratives and Objects  of Worship in Early Medieval Bengal
Authors: Singh Vijaya Laxmi , Kumar Ranjan
Published: January 2025

Abstract:

The liturgical text Sūnya Puranā refers to the regional deity ‘Dharma Thakur’ as a ‘fertility deity’ associated with the agrarian class of society. The ploughman element of Bengali is ‘Shiva’, a revered peasant god who oversaw the seasonal cycle and ensured the fertility of the soil and the regeneration of the harvest. Around the time, the Dharma Thakur cult reflected the core necessities of Bengal’s rural agriculturalist society—good health, progeny and an abundance of food. Dharma Thakur implies all the movements and changes that the natural order is susceptible to. The immanent Dharma is contradictory in that he is a typical malignant-cum-protective village godhead: on the one hand, he looks out for the villagers, improving offspring and abundant crops, but on the other hand—failing to receive worship—he curses them with illnesses, barrenness and obstructions to plant regeneration. Bengali liturgical texts work as a base for didactic narration and religious performances in Bengal and Orissa. The religious performances of Gājan are based on religious narrations. Dharma worship is neither monotheist nor henotheist in nature. There is worship of symbols in the form of Kurma [tortoise]. Historians engage in debates about the religious significance of this worship. The stories mentioned in the liturgical texts show that the object of worship and its emergence are related to mythological stories where the chief deity was formless and had created many objects while creating the universe. Kurma was one of his creations. The emergence and popularity of an object of worship are always matters of sociopolitical change in a society. Bengal, during the phase of transition from Buddhist Pala rule to Brahmanic Sen rule, experienced a phase of political chaos. Buddhists had to migrate from Bengal, and due to this migration, a religious vacancy emerged in rural areas of Bengal. This situation benefited the local religious practitioners and helped in the emergence of the regional religious cult, Dharma Thakur. To look into the idea of such religious practices, it would be important to study it through contemporary religious writings. This article is an attempt at an honest reading of the tale of Dharma Thakur through the writings of Ramai Pandit.
The Emotional Drive Towards Entrepreneurship
Authors: Pettersen Inger Beate , Van Der Lingen Elma , Åmo Bjørn Willy
Published: January 2025

Emotions are inherently embedded in the entrepreneurial process and are highly influential in driving entrepreneurship. The role of emotions in entrepreneurship education (EE) has also been documented, but knowledge is still scarce. This empirical study explores the role of emotion in EE in shaping students’ entrepreneurial competencies and identities. Through an exploration of Kolb’s learning styles (KLS), we empirically scrutinize the correlation between these styles—Doing, Observing, Reasoning, and Emotions—and students' confidence, control, and competence, as gauged by Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy (ESE) and Entrepreneurial Identity Aspiration (EIA). The study addresses whether a relationship exists between KLS and ESE/EIA, and if specific learning styles, notably Emotions, influence students’ thinking and entrepreneurial behavior. While Doing, Reasoning, and Observing exhibit moderate or no linkages with ESE and EIA, Emotions emerge as a potent influencer, demonstrating a robust positive connection with both constructs. Emotions, as a preferred learning style, significantly relates to students' control, confidence (ESE), and aspirations to become entrepreneurs (EIA). This study sheds light on an underexplored intersection between students’ learning styles and entrepreneurial self-efficacy/identity, emphasizing the role emotions play in fostering entrepreneurial learning. The study also underscores the need for targeted pedagogical approaches that harness the influence of emotions in entrepreneurship education.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis as the initial manifestation of bone marrow failure in a child with a TERC variant telomere biology disorder
Authors: Medina-Neira Daniel , Alvarado-Gamarra Giancarlo , Huamaní-Condori Brenda , Purizaca-Rosillo Nelson , Atamari-Anahui Noé , Matos-Villena Erick , Garces-Ghilardi Raquel , Estupiñan-Vigil Matilde
Published: January 2025

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening systemic hyperinflammatory syndrome, rarely associated with bone marrow failure (BMF). Telomere biology disorders (TBD) are caused by inherited defects in telomerase processes and can have heterogeneous presentations including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cirrhosis, and BMF. We report a case of a 10-year-old male from Lima, Peru, who presented with HLH as the initial manifestation of a TBD. He experienced fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, and mucocutaneous involvement. Initial laboratory analyses revealed pancytopenia and elevated inflammatory markers. Despite symptomatic and antibiotic treatment, his clinical condition persisted leading to a suspicion of Kawasaki disease and, subsequently, HLH. Immunomodulatory treatment was initiated with a good clinical response. Bone marrow aspiration revealed severe hypocellular bone marrow and cytophagocytosis. Genetic studies identified a pathogenic variant in the TERC gene (n.110_113del), which was also found in the patient’s mother and brother. HLH as the initial manifestation of BMF is rare. This case highlights the importance of considering TBD in children with BMF of unclear etiology and the value of genetic testing in such cases.
Neuroprotective effects of quercetin on hippocampal CA1 neurons following middle cerebral artery ischemia‒reperfusion in male rats: a behavioral, biochemical, and histological study
Authors: Mahyar Mehran , Ghadirzadeh Erfan , Nezhadnaderi Pedram , Moayedi Zahrasadat , Maboud Parniyan , Ebrahimi Arvin , Siahposht-Khachaki Ali , Karimi Narges
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Cerebral ischemic strokes cause brain damage, primarily through inflammatory factors. One of the regions most affected by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) is the hippocampus, specifically the CA1 area, which is highly susceptible to ischemia. Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of quercetin. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of quercetin on hippocampal CA1 neurons following MCAO.

Materials and methods

Fifty-six male Albino Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (intact, sham, stroke, vehicle, and three quercetin-treated groups receiving 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, respectively), each containing 8 rats. Various assessments, including brain water content, the rotarod test, the Bederson neurological score, the Morris water maze (MWM) test, the shuttle box test, histopathological evaluations, and measurements of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels, were conducted across the groups.

Results

Compared with control rats, 5 and 10 mg/kg quercetin-treated rats presented significant improvements in brain water content, neurological function, and motor function and improved performance in the MWM and shuttle box tests. Histopathological analyses revealed better preservation of CA1 neurons in these groups. Additionally, IL-10 levels significantly increased, whereas IL-1β levels significantly decreased. However, the group receiving 20 mg/kg quercetin showed no statistically significant changes in the parameters assessed (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Quercetin may help prevent or ameliorate brain injuries caused by acute stroke, suggesting its neuroprotective effects. The reduction in IL-1β and increase in IL-10 may play key roles in quercetin’s protective mechanism.
Pentraxin 3: a novel biomarker in pediatric central nervous system infections
Authors: El-Kady Huda , Mostafa Mona Gamal , Madkour Shaimaa
Published: January 2025

Background

Pediatric CNS infections have been identified as a global health problem, associated with an increased death rate and fatal consequences. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute-phase mediator that increases in body fluids and plasma throughout inflammation. Our study was designed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PTX3 levels in pediatric patients with different central nervous system (CNS) infections.

Methods

We enrolled 100 children hospitalized at Fayoum University Children’s Hospital with suspected CNS infections fulfilling the case criteria for CNS infections. We recorded their medical history and examination data upon admission. The C-reactive protein (CRP) level, complete blood count (CBC), CSF PTX3 level, CSF analysis and culture, and blood culture were assessed in all patients at the time of admission.

Results

Levels of PTX3 were significantly correlated with the duration of symptoms before admission, length of hospital stay, patient outcomes, CRP levels, CSF findings, and CSF cultures (P value < 0.001). Patients who needed mechanical ventilation or experienced adverse outcomes had greater levels of PTX3, which were more prevalent in those with a bacterial etiology (P value < 0.05).

Conclusion

PTX3 indicates disease severity and prognosis. PTX3 showed statistically significant sensitivity when discriminating between bacterial and aseptic CNS infections, as well as between bacterial CNS infections and controls. However, it has lower sensitivity and specificity than other CSF biomarkers, though it is higher than serum CRP.
Psychometric properties of the health literacy questionnaire tested in Vietnamese adults with chronic diseases
Authors: Ha Dinh Thi Thuy , Bonner Ann
Published: January 2025

Background

The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) is an increasingly used health literacy instrument that has been translated into many languages. The HLQ has 44 items and comprises 9 scales assessing the multidimensional construct of health literacy. This study reports the HLQ reliability and construct validity tested in people with chronic diseases living in Vietnam.

Methods

Adults (n = 600) hospitalized with chronic disease in Vietnam completed the HLQ. Floor and ceiling effects, item, and scale difficulty levels were assessed. Generalized linear models with backward modeling techniques were performed to test key variables associated with each HL domain. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) testing nine one-factor models were fitted to test the structure of each scale, and a nine-factor model tested the hypothesized structure of the HLQ, followed by the calculation of scale reliability using Cronbach’s alpha.

Results

No item had floor effects, and only eight items showed ceiling effects. Two scales that had the most difficult tasks to complete (highest difficulty level) were 8 “Ability to find good information” and 9 “Understanding enough to know what to do”. Variables associated with health literacy were education, income, age, residential area, main support persons and comorbidity index (associated with 7, 7, 4, 3, 2 and 2 out of 9 scales, respectively). Each HLQ scale demonstrated a robust unidimensional construct with all CFI ≥ 0.95, RMSEA varied from 0 to 0.07. The nine-factor CFA model demonstrated satisfactory fit indices: X2 = 5537.4, 866 df, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.98, NFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.09, 90% CI (0.093, 0.097), PCLOSE < 0.001. The highest scores were rated on scales 4 “Social support for health” and 6 “Ability to engage with healthcare providers”. The reliability of all nine scales ranged from 0.81 to 0.89.

Conclusions

The Vietnamese version of the HLQ demonstrated psychometrically robust properties with high reliability and satisfactory construct validity indexes. This instrument will enable researchers, clinicians, and policymakers to assess health literacy abilities in Vietnam which could inform improvements in healthcare services and clinician practice.
Comparison of warm sitz bath and electronic bidet with a lower-force water flow for postoperative management after hemorrhoidectomy (BIDLOW)
Authors: Kwon Yoon-Hye , Ryoo Seung-Bum , Oh Heung-Kwon , Lee Jae Bum , Jung Hyung-Joong , Song Kee-Ho , Heo Seung Chul , Shin Rumi , Lee Joongyub , Park Kyu Joo
Published: January 2025

Aim

Electronic bidets can be a substitute for sitz baths, but no study has examined the use of electronic bidets to manage anal problems.

Methods

A randomized, controlled, single-blind, multicenter, parallel group trial was performed. Patients who underwent hemorrhoidectomy were randomly assigned (1:1) to use the electronic bidet or warm sitz baths for 7 days after hemorrhoidectomy. The primary endpoint was the difference in the anal pain VAS score for 7 days posthemorrhoidectomy.

Results

Patients were assigned to the electronic bidet (51) or sitz bath (50) groups. Twenty-six patients dropped out after randomization, and the final analysis included 34 patients in the electronic bidet group and 41 in the sitz bath group. The VAS score for anal pain 7 days posthemorrhoidectomy did not differ between the electronic bidet and sitz bath groups (38.3 ± 21.9 vs. 42.0 ± 21.1, p = 0.453). The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of the VAS score in the electronic bidet group (81.22) was greater than the margin of noninferiority (46.20).

Conclusion

The VAS scores after hemorrhoidectomy did not differ between the electronic bidet and sitz bath groups, but the noninferiority of the electronic bidet to sitz baths for anal pain 7 days posthemorrhoidectomy was not verified.

Trial Registration

The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Registration number: NCT02353156, date: 02/02/2015).
External validation of AI-based scoring systems in the ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rockenschaub Patrick , Akay Ela Marie , Carlisle Benjamin Gregory , Hilbert Adam , Wendland Joshua , Meyer-Eschenbach Falk , Näher Anatol-Fiete , Frey Dietmar , Madai Vince Istvan
Published: January 2025

Background

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used to predict clinical deterioration in intensive care unit (ICU) patients through scoring systems. Although promising, such algorithms often overfit their training cohort and perform worse at new hospitals. Thus, external validation is a critical – but frequently overlooked – step to establish the reliability of predicted risk scores to translate them into clinical practice. We systematically reviewed how regularly external validation of ML-based risk scores is performed and how their performance changed in external data.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, and arXiv for studies using ML to predict deterioration of ICU patients from routine data. We included primary research published in English before December 2023. We summarised how many studies were externally validated, assessing differences over time, by outcome, and by data source. For validated studies, we evaluated the change in area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) attributable to external validation using linear mixed-effects models.

Results

We included 572 studies, of which 84 (14.7%) were externally validated, increasing to 23.9% by 2023. Validated studies made disproportionate use of open-source data, with two well-known US datasets (MIMIC and eICU) accounting for 83.3% of studies. On average, AUROC was reduced by -0.037 (95% CI -0.052 to -0.027) in external data, with more than 0.05 reduction in 49.5% of studies.

Discussion

External validation, although increasing, remains uncommon. Performance was generally lower in external data, questioning the reliability of some recently proposed ML-based scores. Interpretation of the results was challenged by an overreliance on the same few datasets, implicit differences in case mix, and exclusive use of AUROC.
Reclaiming Indigenous systems of healing: experiences of disabled Māori of Māori-centric health service responses in Aotearoa New Zealand during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Roguski Michael , Officer Tara N. , Good Gretchen , McBride-Henry Karen
Published: January 2025

Background

The impact of the pandemic on Indigenous and disabled people's access to healthcare has resulted in significant disruptions and has exacerbated longstanding inequitable healthcare service delivery. Research within Aotearoa New Zealand has demonstrated that there has been success in the provision of healthcare by Māori for their community; however, the experiences of tāngata whaikaha Māori, disabled Māori, have yet to be considered by researchers.

Methods

Underpinned by an empowerment theory and Kaupapa Māori methodology, this research explores the lived realities of tāngata whaikaha Māori or their primary caregivers. Twenty in-depth interviews gathered participants’ lived experiences, and a discursive lens was brought to the narratives of tāngata whaikaha Māori who have accessed, and received, culturally responsive healthcare services during the pandemic.

Results

Positive experiences accessing primary and secondary services were associated with Māori-centred healthcare and seamless engagement with support services that were founded upon the active dismantling of structural inequities and the prioritisation of Māori cultural values in their care delivery, inclusive of tino rangatiratanga (sovereignty), and mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge).

Conclusions

This study provides a novel and solid foundation for comprehending how healthcare can be realigned to cater to the requirements of disabled Indigenous populations.
Effect of dietary supplementation of Lawsonia inermis and Acacia nilotica extract on growth performance, intestinal histopathology, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis
Authors: Eldeeb Fares A. , Noseer Enas A. , Abdelazeem Shimaa , Ali Esraa , Basher Asmaa W. , Abdalla M. A. A. , Ibrahim Hytham H.
Published: January 2025

Avian coccidiosis is one of the many disorders that seriously harm birds’ digestive systems. Nowadays the light is shed on using Phytochemical/herbal medicines as alternative natural anti-coccidial chemical-free standards. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the impact of lawsonia inermis powder (LIP), and Acacia nilotica aqueous extract (ANAE), on growth performance, serum biochemical, antioxidant status, cytokine biomarkers, total oocyst count and intestinal histopathology of broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis. Two hundred and forty-one-day-old Ross chicks were randomly distributed into 8 groups, four were challenged with coccidia, while the other four were unchallenged. Each group consisted of 3 replicates of 10 chicks each. The birds were challenged with Eimeria species orally on day 14 of age. Group 1B was unchallenged, and Group 2 A was challenged with coccidiosis and both were fed the basic diet without additives. Groups 3 A, 4 A, and 5 A were challenged and fed on the basic diet supplemented with LIP (40 g/kg of diet), ANAE (5 g/kg of diet), and LIP + ANAE combination, respectively. Groups 3B, 4B, and 5B were unchallenged and fed on the basic diet supplemented with LIP (40 g/kg of diet) and ANAE (5 g/kg of diet) and LIP + ANAE combination, respectively. The best results of growth performance parameters were recorded in G5B, and G5A followed by the group fed on ANAE and then the group fed on LIP compared with the control. All challenged broilers had higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), urea, creatinine, glucose, MDA, IL-4 &TNF-α levels compared to all unchallenged broilers. Challenged broilers had lower serum cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, SOD, GPX & IL-10 levels compared to non-challenged broilers. Histopathological examination of the small intestine and cecum of challenged treated groups with LIP + ANAE showed good mucosal integrity, few leukocytes infiltration, and low total oocyst count in broilers manure, followed by ANAE then LIP groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of lawsonia inermis powder and Acacia nilotica aqueous extract either alone or in combination had positive effects on broiler performance, blood metabolites, antioxidant status, cellular response, and intestinal morphology during the exposure to Eimeria spp. as a potential natural anti-coccidial.
Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer liver metastasis via miR-5692a/IL-8 axis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Yu Yulong , Yin Han , Wu Bili , Zhao Weiheng , Wang Yuan , Aili Aifeina , Yang Mu , Yu Qianqian , Yuan Xianglin
Published: January 2025

Background

The association between the intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been extensively studied, with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum, FN) being found in high abundance in colorectal cancer tissues. Previous research has emphasized the significant role of F. nucleatum in the occurrence of CRC. However, the impact of F. nucleatum on CRC liver metastasis has not been well understood.

Methods

The effects of F. nucleatum on metastasis ability of CRC cell were evaluated in vitro were examined by wound-healing assay and transwell assay. The mouse model of CRC liver metastasis was constructed by spleen injection, and the degree of liver metastasis was assessed by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. The gene expression changes in CRC cells after co-culture with F. nucleatum was analyzed through transcriptome sequencing. qRT-PCR and Western Blot assays were performed to validate the expression of related genes and proteins.

Results

The metastasis ability of CRC cells was significantly enhanced after co-culture with F. nucleatum in vitro. In the mouse model, F. nucleatum also promoted the development of liver metastasis in CRC. Mechanistically, F. nucleatum infection increased the expression of IL-8 by downregulated the level of miR-5692a, a regulatory microRNA of IL-8. This led to the activation of the ERK pathway and resulted in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that F. nucleatum promotes CRC liver metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the miR-5692a/IL-8 axis. These findings provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastasis.
ESBL- and pAmpC-producing Enterobacterales from Swedish dogs and cats 2017–2021: a retrospective study
Authors: Bonnevie Anna , Myrenås Mattias , Nilsson Oskar
Published: January 2025

Background

Antibiotic resistant bacteria are a threat to both human and animal health. Of special concern are resistance mechanisms that are transmissible between bacteria, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC). ESBL/AmpC resistance is also of importance as it confers resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics including third generation cephalosporins. The Swedish Veterinary Agency (former English name National Veterinary Institute) performs confirmatory testing of suspected ESBL-/pAmpC-producing Enterobacterales. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical background, antibiotic susceptibility, and genetic relationships of confirmed isolates from dogs and cats in Sweden from 2017 to 2021.

Results

The study includes 92 isolates of ESBL/pAmpC-producing bacteria from 82 dogs, and 28 isolates from 23 cats. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated bacteria, and the most frequent sampling site was the urinary tract. From eight dogs and two cats, ESBL/pAmpC-producing bacteria were isolated on more than one occasion. Multi-resistance was more than twice as common in samples from dogs (50%) than in samples from cats (22%). Among dogs, sequence type (ST) 131 and ST372 were the dominant strains and blaCMY-2 and blaCTX-M-15 the dominant genes conferring reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins. Among cats, ST73 was the dominant strain and blaCTX-M-15 the dominant gene.

Conclusions

Monitoring the resistance patterns and genetic relationships of bacteria over time is important to follow the results of measures taken to reduce resistance. Knowledge of the appropriate antibiotic usage is also crucial. In this study, a variety of STs and ESBL/pAmpC-genes were detected among the isolates. There were available antibiotics likely effective for treatment in all cases, based on resistance pattern, infection site and host species.
Effect of PCSK9 inhibitor on early neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke patients with a history of coronary heart disease: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial in Dalian, China
Authors: Gong Xing , Yu Xinting , Pu Lanlan , Jiao Yang , Liu Lin , Cao Hua , Ji Xiaofei
Published: January 2025

Background

Early neurological deterioration (END) is a critical determinant influencing the short-term prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and is associated with increased mortality rates among hospitalized individuals. AIS frequently coexists with coronary heart disease (CHD), complicating treatment and leading to more severe symptoms and worse outcomes. Shared risk factors between CHD and AIS, especially elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), contribute to atherosclerosis and inflammation, which worsen brain tissue damage. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors offer a promising treatment option. They effectively lower LDL-C levels and may help reduce END in AIS patients with CHD. This study aims to evaluate how effective PCSK9 inhibitors are in reducing END among this high-risk group and to provide new insights for treatment strategies.

Methods

This is a prospective, randomized, parallel-group, blinded-endpoint, single-center clinical study. A total of 156 AIS patients with a history of CHD and within 24 h from symptom onset will be recruited and randomized in a 1:1 allocation to either the PCSK9 inhibitor combined with statin treatment group (PI group) or the statin monotherapy group (AT group). The PI group will receive a combination therapy consisting of evolocumab and rosuvastatin calcium tablets, while the AT group will receive only oral rosuvastatin calcium tablets. The trial duration will last for 90 days and comprise three phases: screening, treatment intervention, and follow-up assessments. Participants will undergo comprehensive examinations and assessments on days 1, 7, 30, and 90 after enrollment.

Discussion

This study aims to investigate the potential preventive effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on END in AIS patients with a history of CHD. A positive outcome from this trial could provide novel clinical strategies for reducing the incidence of END and improving the short-term prognosis among these stroke patients.

Trial registration

China Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2300078198. Registered on 30 November 2023.
Fabrication of promising competitive graphene nanocomposite transducer to determine Prucalopride succinate in pharmaceutical formulation and in spiked human biological fluids
Authors: Saad Marwa T. , Boltia Shereen A. , Fattah Taghreed A. , Zaazaa Hala E.
Published: January 2025

The development of a newly fabricated ion-selective electrode (ISE) solid-contacted type for the determination of prucalopride succinate represents a significant advancement in analytical chemistry, particularly in the context of green chemistry principles. The optimization process involved numerous trials to ensure the selection of a cation exchanger and ionophore that offer high sensitivity and selectivity for prucalopride succinate. Through these optimization trials, sodium tetrakis was identified as the most suitable cation exchanger, while calix [8] arene demonstrated the highest affinity towards prucalopride succinate as the ionophore. This careful selection of components ensures accurate and specific detection of prucalopride succinate. To enhance the electroanalytical performance of the ISE, a graphene nanocomposite layer was developed as an ion-electron transducer between the carbon and synthetic polymeric membrane. This graphene-nanocomposite layer improves the overall performance of the ISE, providing a Nernstian slope of 57.249 mV per decade, which aligns with the recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The integration of these components and the utilization of green chemistry principles in the design of the fabricated ISE enable rapid and accurate determination of prucalopride succinate. This innovative approach holds great potential for applications in pharmaceutical analysis and quality control, providing a more sustainable and efficient method for the analysis of prucalopride succinate.
Gamification, collaborative learning and transversal competences: analysis of academic performance and students’ perceptions
Authors: Latorre-Cosculluela Cecilia , Sierra-Sánchez Verónica , Vázquez-Toledo Sandra
Published: January 2025

The importance and benefits of teamwork in the university context have been widely recognized in recent decades. However, there is little evidence that analyzes the effects of the combination of collaborative learning strategies and gamification methodologies for the improvement of transversal skills and academic performance. In this sense, in this study an intervention program was carried out in the university classroom that alternated the use of technology, gamification (through the use of the ClassDojo platform) and collaborative learning to improve the development of transversal skills. More specifically, the objective was to analyze the academic performance and qualitative perceptions of university students after the application of a gamified educational approach. A mixed research methodology was used with quantitative and qualitative techniques combining descriptive, correlational and linear regression analysis and an interview was administered to the 117 students involved in the experience. The results obtained indicated that the application of the program produced improvements on the development of transversal competences and on the academic performance of university students. In addition, the qualitative analysis of the perceptions allowed us to conclude that this program that combines gamification with collaborative learning received a positive evaluation by the students regarding different variables such as the applicability of gamification for the improvement of softskills, the benefits on the teaching–learning process and other factors that influence motivation before the use of gamification techniques in learning.
A comparison of two systems for group housing of gestating sows - effects on productivity, removal, and treatments
Authors: Sylvén Kaisa Ryytty , Wallgren Torun , Almerheim Pontus , Selling Lena Eliasson , Jacobson Magdalena , Wallgren Per
Published: January 2025

Background

Group housing of sows has been extensively studied since the EU banned gestation crating. Well-managed group-housing promotes sow welfare, but the impact varies based on factors such as feeding, group characteristics, and environmental features. Adequate floor space, particularly directly post-mixing, is crucial for social interactions, natural behaviours, and to reduce injuries caused by aggression. The aim of this study was to compare two group-housing systems for gestating sows with respect to productivity, treatment frequency, and removal of sows. Both systems were static but differed in space allowance, quantity of enrichment material and feeding management. System I comprised of large sized pens with deep litter straw bedding, housing in total 40 sows, and System II of smaller sized pens with permanent access to straw, housing 8 to 10 sows.

Results

The mean parity number was 3.1 ± 1.3 in both groups. Sows housed in System I with large groups (n = 40) in large pens with deep litter straw gave birth to 16.8 ± 0.33 (Least Squares Means, LSM) piglets, compared to 15.4 ± 0.31 (LSM) for sows in System II kept in smaller groups (n = 8–10) in smaller pens (p = 0.0005). Medical treatments of sows were more frequent (p < 0.001) in System II. The incidence of replacement of sows was comparable in both systems, and there was a high occurrence of sows becoming pregnant during the subsequent insemination in both groups.

Conclusions

This study indicated that sows kept in larger groups provided with a larger floor space (a total area of 156 m2, corresponding to 3.9 m2 per sow) and housed on deep straw had a higher number of liveborn and weaned piglets and lower incidence of antibiotic treatments than sows with less floor space (a total area of 24.5 m2, corresponding to 2.5–3.1 m2 per sow) and less bedding/manipulable material.
Incorporating causal notions to forecasting time series: a case study
Authors: Kristjanpoller Werner , Michell Kevin , Llanos Cristian , Minutolo Marcel C.
Published: January 2025

Financial time series have been analyzed with a wide variety of models and approaches, some of which can forecast with great accuracy. However, most of these models, especially the machine learning ones, cannot show additional information for the decision maker or the financial analyst. The notion of causality is a concept that provides a more complete understanding of a problem beyond improved forecasts. In this study, we propose integrating the treatment/control concept of causality into a forecasting framework to better predict financial time series. Our results show that the proposed methodology outperforms classic econometric approaches such as ARIMA and Random Walk, as well as machine learning approaches without the proposed methodology. This improvement is statistically significant, as indicated by the Model Confidence Set test in the complete test set and quarterly analysis.
Dynamics of the relationship between stock markets and exchange rates during quantitative easing and tightening
Authors: Ahmadian-Yazdi Farzaneh , Sokhanvar Amin , Roudari Soheil , Tiwari Aviral Kumar
Published: January 2025

This study utilizes two complementary models, the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive Diebold–Yilmaz (TVP-VAR-DY) and the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive Baruník–Křehlík (TVP-VAR-BK), to investigate the dynamic volatility transmission between exchange rates and stock returns in major commodity-exporting and -importing countries. The analysis focuses on periods of quantitative easing (QE) and quantitative tightening (QT) from March 15, 2020 to December 30, 2022. The countries examined are Canada and Australia (major commodity exporters) and the UK and Germany (major commodity importers). An essential contribution of this paper is new empirical insights into the dynamics of stock market returns and the transmission of volatility between these markets and exchange rates during the QE and QT periods. The results reveal that causality primarily flows from stock markets to exchange rates, especially during the QT period across all investment horizons. The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) emerges as the principal net driver among the markets under study. Furthermore, the Canadian exchange rate (USDCAD) and the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) are the most significantly affected indices within the network across various investment horizons (excluding the long-term). These findings underscore the importance for investors and policymakers to consider the interplay between exchange rates and stock market returns, particularly in the context of the QE and QT periods, as well as other economic, political, and health-related events. Our findings are relevant to various stakeholders, including governments, traders, portfolio managers, and multinationals.
The present status of dialysis patients in Asian countries as of 2022 from a medical economic point of view
Authors: Hyodo Toru , Hirawa Nobuhito , Kuragano Takahiro , Takemoto Yoshiaki , Urabe Shunichiro , Adiya Saruultuvshin , Damdinsuren Khurtsbayar , Munaa Bukhchuluu , Yondontsamts Alimaa , Jamba Ariunbold , Dolgorsuren Munkhzul , Maamkhuu Oyunchimeg , Dorj Chuluuntsetseg , Widiana I. Gde Raka
Published: January 2025

In Japan, Mongolia, and Indonesia, dialysis care has been covered by national health insurance and social welfare programs as of 2022, which covers much of the cost burden. However, the proportion of this burden varies by country and Japan is the only one of these countries in which medical fees are fully covered for all dialysis patients. As systems for dialysis medical care coverage have been established, the number of dialysis patients has increased dramatically in each country. However, the cost of dialysis treatment itself is very high relative to personal income in all countries. This puts pressure on national healthcare budgets and gives rise to concerns about the sustainability of dialysis care in the future. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is less expensive than hemodialysis (HD) in Mongolia and Indonesia, and a PD-first policy is considered effective in reducing costs. Nevertheless, an overwhelming number of patients still undergo HD. Despite the difficulties faced by these three countries in obtaining funds for dialysis treatment, among Asian countries, Mongolia and Indonesia are considered to have relatively advanced healthcare systems. It is considered that there has been progress in the provision of dialysis treatment subsidies to the citizens of these countries.
Oral delivery of the non-β-blocking R-carvedilol enantiomer for skin cancer chemoprevention in SKH-1 mice
Authors: Sardar Pabitra K. , Yeung Steven , Tow Ruby , Luga Jacqueline , Huang Matthew , Shahid Ayaz , Andresen Bradley T. , Huang Ying
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Skin cancer remains the most prevalent cancer worldwide with its incidence continuously rising. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the β-blocker carvedilol and its non-β-blocking enantiomer R-carvedilol in mitigating UV-induced skin carcinogenesis through topical application. The current study investigated whether orally administered R-carvedilol could prevent the development of skin cancer in SKH-1 mice.

Methods

Efficacy of orally delivered R-carvedilol was examined in SKH-1 mice exposed to repeated UV radiations for 25 weeks. Pharmacokinetic studies were conduced in mice to evaluate the drug levels in plasma and skin tissues. Pharmacodynamic studies were used to evaluate the effects of oral R-carvedilol and racemic carvedilol on mouse blood pressure.

Results

The findings revealed a statistical difference in tumor incidence between the group receiving R-carvedilol (20 mg/kg) and the UV-only control group (p = 0.00860), while lower doses of R-carvedilol (1.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) did not exhibit a significant impact on tumor incidence. While tumor multiplicity varied significantly between groups (p = 0.005325), tumor volume analysis showed no statistical difference. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that R-carvedilol accumulated in a dose-dependent manner within plasma and skin tissues. Notably, at a dosage of 32 mg/kg, oral R-carvedilol did not influence blood pressure, in contrast to carvedilol, highlighting its potential for chemoprevention with minimal cardiovascular side effects.

Conclusions

These data support oral administration of R-carvedilol as a viable strategy for the chemoprevention of skin cancer, given its efficacy and minimal impact on the cardiovascular system. Further studies determining the optimal doses and timing of drug treatment are warranted.