bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the perceived size of a light source on non-visual effects in humans
Authors: Niemeyer Arvid , Rottmair Lucia , Neumann Cornelius , Möckel Cornelius
Published: October 2020

Light not only enables humans to perceive their surroundings, but also influences their sleep–wake cycle, mood, concentration and performance. Targeted use of these so called nonvisual effects could also have a positive contribution in automobiles by keeping passengers alert, minimizing error rates or bootsting attention in general. Since construction space in vehicle interios is scarce, this study compared the influence of differently-sized light panels and thus solid angles on nonvisual effects. In a counterbalanced order, 32 volunteers were exposed to three lighting conditions in the morning: baseline (12 lx, 2200 K), small (200 lx, 6500 K, 0.05 sr) and large (200 lx, 6500 K, 0.44 sr). During each session of 60 min, alertness, concentration and working memory were assessed before and during light exposure. After data analysis no significant main effects of light, measurement point or interaction between light and measurement point could be seen.
Development of a certified reference material for anti-β2-glycoprotein I IgG – commutability studies
Authors: Monogioudi Evanthia , Martos Gustavo , Sheldon Joanna , Meroni Pier Luigi , Trapmann Stefanie , Zegers Ingrid
Published: October 2020

Objectives

In this paper, we describe the steps followed for the development of a certified reference material for immunoglobulin G antibodies against β2-glycoprotein I (also known as apolipoprotein H). These steps include processing of the material, commutability, the impact of dilution, the appropriate reconstitution conditions, homogeneity and stability during transport and storage.

Methods

We analysed 69 clinical samples from patients suffering from antiphospholipid syndrome with several commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) purchased from in vitro diagnostic manufacturers.

Results

Analysis of the results indicated that the candidate reference material can be safely freeze-dried, and that the user should carefully follow the reconstitution instructions as small changes in e.g. temperature may have unwanted effects. The statistical analysis of the commutability studies indicated that the analytical response of the reference material upon dilution is similar to that of clinical samples, and that correlation between results may differ from assay to assay. Finally yet importantly, the presented and developed candidate reference material is commutable for most assays tested, homogeneous and stable.

Conclusions

Immunoglobulin G antibodies against β2-glycoprotein I are associated with a higher risk of thrombosis and pregnancy complications. Their measurement is essential for the diagnosis and monitoring of antiphospholipid syndrome. These antibodies are detected by specific immunoassays, routinely used in clinical diagnostics, but various of these methods show enormous variability, in part due to the lack of a reference material.
Being safe and productive in this modern world
Authors: Hartshorn Richard
Published: October 2020

I think it is fair to say that 2020 is a year when personal safety is something of a preoccupation. The Covid-19 pandemic is currently ravaging the world, and it seems inescapable that by the time this article goes to press there will be many thousands more deaths, and countless more infected and sick. As individuals, communities, and countries, we will rightly be focused on staying safe and reducing the chances of exposure and infection.
Optimal tuning of PID controller in time delay system: a review on various optimization techniques
Authors: George Thomas , Ganesan V.
Published: October 2020

The processes which contain at least one pole at the origin are known as integrating systems. The process output varies continuously with time at certain speed when they are disturbed from the equilibrium operating point by any environment disturbance/change in input conditions and thus they are considered as non-self-regulating. In most occasions this phenomenon is very disadvantageous and dangerous. Therefore it is always a challenging task to efficient control such kind of processes. Depending upon the number of poles present at the origin and also on the location of other poles in transfer function different types of integrating systems exist. Stable first order plus time delay systems with an integrator (FOPTDI), unstable first order plus time delay systems with an integrator (UFOPTDI), pure integrating plus time delay (PIPTD) systems and double integrating plus time delay (DIPTD) systems are the classifications of integrating systems. By using a well-controlled positioning stage the advances in micro and nano metrology are inevitable in order satisfy the need to maintain the product quality of miniaturized components. As proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are very simple to tune, easy to understand and robust in control they are widely implemented in many of the chemical process industries. In industries this PID control is the most common control algorithm used and also this has been universally accepted in industrial control. In a wide range of operating conditions the popularity of PID controllers can be attributed partly to their robust performance and partly to their functional simplicity which allows engineers to operate them in a simple, straight forward manner. One of the accepted control algorithms by the process industries is the PID control. However, in order to accomplish high precision positioning performance and to build a robust controller tuning of the key parameters in a PID controller is most inevitable. Therefore, for PID controllers many tuning methods are proposed. the main factors that lead to lifetime reduction in gain loss of PID parameters are described in This paper and also the main methods used for gain tuning based on optimization approach analysis is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each one are outlined and some future directions for research are analyzed.
Differentiating solid breast masses: comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of shear wave elastography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Farghadani Maryam , Barikbin Rozbeh , Rezaei Mostafa Haji , Hekmatnia Ali , Aalinezhad Marzieh , Zare Hosein
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Shear wave elastography (SWE) quantitatively determines the nature of the breast lesions. Few previous studies have compared the diagnostic value of this modality with other imaging techniques. The present study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of SWE with that of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting the nature of the breast masses.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 80 patients with breast lumps who had Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) score of three or higher based on mammography and/or screening ultrasonography, underwent 3D SWE and MRI. The lesions were classified according to MRI BI-RADS scoring; Mean elasticity (Emean) and elasticity ratio (Eratio) for each lesion were also determined by SWE. The results of these two modalities were compared with histopathologic diagnosis as the gold standard method; diagnostic value and diagnostic agreement were then calculated.

Results

Of the masses, 46.2% were histopathologically proven to be malignant. The Emean for benign and malignant masses was 34.04 ± 19.51 kPa and 161.92 ± 58.14 kPa, respectively. Both modalities had diagnostic agreement with histopathologic results (p<0.001). Kappa coefficient was 0.87 for SWE and 0.42 for MRI. The sensitivity of both methods was 94.59% (95% CI: 81.81–99.34), while the specificity and accuracy were 48.84% [95% CI: 33.31–64.54] and 70.0% [95% CI: 58.72–79.74] for MRI, and 93.02% [95% CI: 80.94–98.54] and 93.75% [95% CI: 86.01–97.94] for SWE.

Conclusions

SWE has better diagnostic value in terms of determining the nature of the breast masses. SWE can increase the diagnostic function of differentiating benign masses from malignant ones.
Head Computed tomography during emergency department treat-and-release visit for headache is associated with increased risk of subsequent cerebrovascular disease hospitalization
Authors: Liberman Ava L. , Wang Cuiling , Friedman Benjamin W. , Prabhakaran Shyam , Esenwa Charles C. , Rostanski Sara K. , Cheng Natalie T. , Erdfarb Amichai , Labovitz Daniel L. , Lipton Richard B.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The occurrence of head computed tomography (HCT) at emergency department (ED) visit for non-specific neurological symptoms has been associated with increased subsequent stroke risk and may be a marker of diagnostic error. We evaluate whether HCT occurrence among ED headache patients is associated with increased subsequent cerebrovascular disease risk.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients with headache who were discharged home from the ED (ED treat-and-release visit) at one multicenter institution. Patients with headache were defined as those with primary ICD-9/10-CM discharge diagnoses codes for benign headache from 9/1/2013-9/1/2018. The primary outcome of cerebrovascular disease hospitalization was identified using ICD-9/10-CM codes and confirmed via chart review. We matched headache patients who had a HCT (exposed) to those who did not have a HCT (unexposed) in the ED in a one-to-one fashion using propensity score methods.

Results

Among the 28,121 adult patients with ED treat-and-release headache visit, 45.6% (n=12,811) underwent HCT. A total of 0.4% (n=111) had a cerebrovascular hospitalization within 365 days of index visit. Using propensity score matching, 80.4% (n=10,296) of exposed patients were matched to unexposed. Exposed patients had increased risk of cerebrovascular hospitalization at 365 days (RR: 1.65: 95% CI: 1.18–2.31) and 180 days (RR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.06–2.49); risk of cerebrovascular hospitalization was not increased at 90 or 30 days.

Conclusions

Having a HCT performed at ED treat-and-release headache visit is associated with increased risk of subsequent cerebrovascular disease. Future work to improve cerebrovascular disease prevention strategies in this subset of headache patients is warranted.
Enhancing Students’ Ability in Learning Process of Programming Language using Adaptive Learning Systems: A Literature Review
Authors: Anindyaputri Natasha Alyaa , Yuana Rosihan Ari , Hatta Puspanda
Published: October 2020

There have been some hindrances in the process of programming learning. An adaptive learning system, such as ELaC, Java Guide, and Java Grader provides an adaptable learning content that can accommodate the learning styles as well as preferences of each learning individual. Moreover, an adaptive learning system can help students of different capabilities in learning programming. This study examined the outcomes of the implementation of an adaptive learning system in programming learning, as well as some finding results that were conducted according to the Systematic Literature Review framework. The research questions of this research were: problems faced during learning of programming as a background of system development, advantages and disadvantages of the system characteristics, technology, features, and effectiveness of the developed adaptive learning system. This research produced concepts that are summed up upon the related resources. The results of this study summarized whether the use of adaptive learning systems in learning programming could overcome the problems encountered during the learning process.
Hydroxyapatite/polyetheretherketone nanocomposites for selective laser sintering: Thermal and mechanical performances
Authors: Lai Wenwen , Wang Yan , Fu Hua , He Junkun
Published: October 2020

In this article, the thermal and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite (HA)/polyetheretherketone (PEEK) nanocomposites were investigated. The surface of the HA particles was modified by stearic acid. Subsequently, the modified HA and PEEK were ultrasonically dispersed in ethanol and then subjected to drying and ball milling treatments. By controlling the concentration of modified HA, HA/PEEK nanocomposite powders containing various amounts of modified HA were successfully prepared. The tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength of the nanocomposite reached maximum values at 2.5 wt% HA and were 18.5%, 38.2%, and 5.7% higher than those of the pure PEEK, respectively. Moreover, the flexural modulus of the HA/PEEK nanocomposites increased at 2.5 wt% HA and was approximately 30% higher than that of the pure PEEK. The thermal property measurements (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis) showed that the nanocomposites with 2.5 wt%-modified HA exhibited enhanced thermal stability as compared to the pure PEEK, showing potential for selective laser sintering.
Seismic characteristics of polygonal fault systems in the Great South Basin, New Zealand
Authors: Jitmahantakul Sukonmeth , Chenrai Piyaphong , Kanjanapayont Pitsanupong , Kanitpanyacharoen Waruntorn
Published: October 2020

A well-developed multi-tier polygonal fault system is located in the Great South Basin offshore New Zealand’s South Island. The system has been characterised using a high-quality three-dimensional seismic survey tied to available exploration boreholes using regional two-dimensional seismic data. In this study area, two polygonal fault intervals are identified and analysed, Tier 1 and Tier 2. Tier 1 coincides with the Tucker Cove Formation (Late Eocene) with small polygonal faults. Tier 2 is restricted to the Paleocene-to-Late Eocene interval with a great number of large faults. In map view, polygonal fault cells are outlined by a series of conjugate pairs of normal faults. The polygonal faults are demonstrated to be controlled by depositional facies, specifically offshore bathyal deposits characterised by fine-grained clays, marls and muds. Fault throw analysis is used to understand the propagation history of the polygonal faults in this area. Tier 1 and Tier 2 initiate at about Late Eocene and Early Eocene, respectively, based on their maximum fault throws. A set of three-dimensional fault throw images within Tier 2 shows that maximum fault throws of the inner polygonal fault cell occurs at the same age, while the outer polygonal fault cell exhibits maximum fault throws at shallower levels of different ages. The polygonal fault systems are believed to be related to the dewatering of sedimentary formation during the diagenesis process. Interpretation of the polygonal fault in this area is useful in assessing the migration pathway and seal ability of the Eocene mudstone sequence in the Great South Basin.
Detecting myocardial scar using electrocardiogram data and deep neural networks
Authors: Gumpfer Nils , Grün Dimitri , Hannig Jennifer , Keller Till , Guckert Michael
Published: October 2020

Ischaemic heart disease is among the most frequent causes of death. Early detection of myocardial pathologies can increase the benefit of therapy and reduce the number of lethal cases. Presence of myocardial scar is an indicator for developing ischaemic heart disease and can be detected with high diagnostic precision by magnetic resonance imaging. However, magnetic resonance imaging scanners are expensive and of limited availability. It is known that presence of myocardial scar has an impact on the well-established, reasonably low cost, and almost ubiquitously available electrocardiogram. However, this impact is non-specific and often hard to detect by a physician. We present an artificial intelligence based approach — namely a deep learning model — for the prediction of myocardial scar based on an electrocardiogram and additional clinical parameters. The model was trained and evaluated by applying 6-fold cross-validation to a dataset of 12-lead electrocardiogram time series together with clinical parameters. The proposed model for predicting the presence of scar tissue achieved an area under the curve score, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.89, 70.0, 84.3, and 78.0%, respectively. This promisingly high diagnostic precision of our electrocardiogram-based deep learning models for myocardial scar detection may support a novel, comprehensible screening method.
Evaluation of antidiabetic effect of Cistus salviifolius L. (Cistaceae) in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic mice
Authors: Sayah Karima , Mrabti Hanae Naceiri , Belarj Badia , Kichou Faouzi , Cherrah Yahia , El Abbes Faouzi My
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Cistus salviifoluis L. is a shrub from Cistaceae family used in many traditional medicines for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo antidiabetic potential of the aerial parts aqueous extract of Cistus salviifolius L. (CSA).

Methods

Experimental diabetes was induced in adult male mice by intra-peritoneal injection of Streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NC). CSA at a dose of 500 mg/kg was administered daily to the diabetic mice for four weeks. The effect of the extract on hyperglycemia, body weight, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, hepatic and renal functional markers were determined. Histopathological examination of the mice pancreas was also performed. The diabetic animals treated with CSA were compared with animals treated by the standard drug metformin.

Results

Treatment with CSA showed a significant reduction in blood glucose, total triglycerides and creatinine levels and prevented the reduction of body weight caused by diabetes. Furthermore, histopathological analysis of the mice pancreas showed that the group treated with CSA reduced damage induced by STZ-NC on islets of Langerhans cells when compared to the diabetic control.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the aqueous extract of Moroccan C. salviifolius L. possesses beneficial effect on treatment of diabetes.
Morbidity profile of patients seeking Naturopathy and Yoga treatment in South India: A descriptive study
Authors: Panneerselvam Naresh Kumar , Ravindran Dhilip , Kathiresan Arunthathi
Published: October 2020

Background

Yoga and Naturopathy (Y&N) is one of the approved Complementary and Traditional systems of Medicine practiced in India. Unlike other systems, it is a drugless system aimed to optimize and facilitate the inherent ability of the human body to heal itself. There is lack of literature on the type of patients seeking Yoga and Naturopathy treatments in India. This study was designed with an objective to assess the morbidity profile of the in-patients treated in a Naturopathy and Yoga hospital.

Methods

Descriptive study design based on clinical case records. Six hundred and four cases treated as in-patients between April 2017 and July 2018 was analyzed.

Results

The average age of the patients was 47.4 (SD ± 16.1) years, with 56% were females and 44% males. About 50 different types of morbidity ranging from general rejuvenation to chronic diseases had been reported. Highest reported diseases were chronic in nature, with higher reporting for multiple system morbidity, followed by Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Arthritis, and Back pain. Variations were observed in the morbidities based on age and gender of the patients. The median duration of treatment was 8 days.

Conclusions

Patients seek Yoga & Naturopathy care mainly for chronic conditions, further observations on treatment outcomes, quality of life, and treatment seeking behavior can be explored for the efficacy and feasibility of Yoga & Naturopathy care in managing chronic diseases.
Error analysis of higher order Trace Finite Element Methods for the surface Stokes equation
Authors: Jankuhn Thomas , Olshanskii Maxim A. , Reusken Arnold , Zhiliakov Alexander
Published: October 2020

The paper studies a higher order unfitted finite element method for the Stokes system posed on a surface in ℝ3. The method employs parametric P

k
-P

k−1 finite element pairs on tetrahedral bulk mesh to discretize the Stokes system on embedded surface. Stability and optimal order convergence results are proved. The proofs include a complete quantification of geometric errors stemming from approximate parametric representation of the surface. Numerical experiments include formal convergence studies and an example of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability problem on the unit sphere.
People also avoid repetition in sentence comprehension: Evidence from multiple postposition constructions in Korean
Authors: Shin Gyu-Ho
Published: October 2020

Repetition avoidance, one characteristic of human cognition, affects human behaviour to a great extent. The present study aims to extend the understanding of repetition avoidance to sentence comprehension in Korean, a language typologically different from the major languages that have been investigated for this issue. I measured the degree of acceptability and reaction times for two types of multiple postposition constructions in Korean, each of which has two grammatical patterns involving postposition alternations (dative-accusative and accusative-accusative for the dative construction; topic-nominative and nominative-nominative for the double subject construction). Results showed that the patterns involving repetition of postpositions were dispreferred over those without the repetition, and that by-pattern reaction times within each construction type were modulated by the postposition types repeated in the patterns. The findings of this study support the role of repetition avoidance for sentence comprehension in Korean (and perhaps beyond), and suggest an interplay between a domain-general factor (repetition avoidance) and language-specific knowledge (postpositions).
Circular RNA circ_SETD2 represses breast cancer progression via modulating the miR-155-5p/SCUBE2 axis
Authors: Shen Yuanyuan , Zhang Mengmeng , Da Liangshan , Huang Wei , Zhang Congjun
Published: October 2020

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. Circular RNA circ_SETD2 (circ_SETD2), also termed as hsa_circ_0065173, is reported to be abnormally expressed in BC. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of circ_SETD2 in BC are unclear. Expression of circ_SETD2, miR-155-5p, and SCUBE2 mRNA was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell cycle progression, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were determined by flow cytometry, MTT, and transwell assays. The relationship between circ_SETD2 or SCUBE2 and miR-155-5p was verified through a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The role of circ_SETD2 in BC in vivo was confirmed by a xenograft assay. circ_SETD2 and SCUBE2 were downregulated, while miR-155-5p was upregulated in BC tissues and cells. Both circ_SETD2 and SCUBE2 elevation arrested cell cycle progression, inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and accelerated cell apoptosis in BC cells. Moreover, circ_SETD2 upregulation repressed BC growth in vivo. Importantly, circ_SETD2 modulated SCUBE2 expression through competitively binding to miR-155-5p in BC cells. Also, the inhibitory impacts of circ_SETD2 enhancement on the malignant behavior of BC cells were restored by miR-155-5p overexpression. Besides, SCUBE2 silencing abolished miR-155-5p downregulation mediated effects on the malignant behavior of BC cells. Therefore, circ_SETD2 curbed BC progression via upregulating SCUBE2 via binding to miR-155-5p.
Reflectionless excitation of arbitrary photonic structures: a general theory
Authors: Stone A. Douglas , Sweeney William R. , Hsu Chia Wei , Wisal Kabish , Wang Zeyu
Published: October 2020

We outline and interpret a recently developed theory of impedance matching or reflectionless excitation of arbitrary finite photonic structures in any dimension. The theory includes both the case of guided wave and free-space excitation. It describes the necessary and sufficient conditions for perfectly reflectionless excitation to be possible and specifies how many physical parameters must be tuned to achieve this. In the absence of geometric symmetries, such as parity and time-reversal, the product of parity and time-reversal, or rotational symmetry, the tuning of at least one structural parameter will be necessary to achieve reflectionless excitation. The theory employs a recently identified set of complex frequency solutions of the Maxwell equations as a starting point, which are defined by having zero reflection into a chosen set of input channels, and which are referred to as R-zeros. Tuning is generically necessary in order to move an R-zero to the real frequency axis, where it becomes a physical steady-state impedance-matched solution, which we refer to as a reflectionless scattering mode (RSM). In addition, except in single-channel systems, the RSM corresponds to a particular input wavefront, and any other wavefront will generally not be reflectionless. It is useful to consider the theory as representing a generalization of the concept of critical coupling of a resonator, but it holds in arbitrary dimension, for arbitrary number of channels, and even when resonances are not spectrally isolated. In a structure with parity and time-reversal symmetry (a real dielectric function) or with parity–time symmetry, generically a subset of the R-zeros has real frequencies, and reflectionless states exist at discrete frequencies without tuning. However, they do not exist within every spectral range, as they do in the special case of the Fabry–Pérot or two-mirror resonator, due to a spontaneous symmetry-breaking phenomenon when two RSMs meet. Such symmetry-breaking transitions correspond to a new kind of exceptional point, only recently identified, at which the shape of the reflection and transmission resonance lineshape is flattened. Numerical examples of RSMs are given for one-dimensional multimirror cavities, a two-dimensional multiwaveguide junction, and a multimode waveguide functioning as a perfect mode converter. Two solution methods to find R-zeros and RSMs are discussed. The first one is a straightforward generalization of the complex scaling or perfectly matched layer method and is applicable in a number of important cases; the second one involves a mode-specific boundary matching method that has only recently been demonstrated and can be applied to all geometries for which the theory is valid, including free space and multimode waveguide problems of the type solved here.
Metamaterials with high degrees of freedom: space, time, and more
Authors: Engheta Nader
Published: October 2020

In this brief opinionated article, I present a personal perspective on metamterials with high degrees of freedom and dimensionality and discuss their potential roles in enriching light–matter interaction in photonics and related fields.
Crystal structure of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde, C8H8O3
Authors: Ndima Lubabalo , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: October 2020

C8H8O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 6.3037(3) Å, b = 33.102(2) Å, c = 7.0471(4) Å, β = 102.105(3)°, V = 1437.79(14) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0433, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1087, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of N-benzyl-N-nicotinoyl-nicotine amide C19H15N3O2
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: October 2020

C19H15N3O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 18.4336(13) Å, b = 6.0321(4) Å, c = 15.0585(10) Å, β = 112.171(3)°, V = 1550.60(18) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0535, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1298, T = 200 K.
The crystal structure of 2,6-difluorophenol, C6H4F2O
Authors: Manana Pholani , Cuthbertson Jarryd , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: October 2020

C
6

H
4

F
2

O

${\text{C}}_{6}{\text{H}}_{4}{\text{F}}_{2}\text{O}$

, orthorhombic,

P

2
1

2
1

2
1

$P{2}_{1}{2}_{1}{2}_{1}$

(no. 19), a = 4.9287(5) Å, b = 10.1752(8) Å, c = 10.9156(10) Å, V = 547.42(9) Å3, Z = 4,

R

g
t

${R}_{gt}$

(F) = 0.0248,

w

R

ref

$w{R}_{\text{ref}}$

(

F
2

${F}^{2}$

) = 0.0705, T = 200 K.CCDC no.: 2025946
A note on the acoustic environment in a usually quiet residential area after the ‘state of emergency’ declaration due to COVID-19 pandemic in Japan was lifted: supplementary survey results in post-emergency situations
Authors: Sakagami Kimihiro
Published: October 2020

In a preceding report (UCL Open: Environment, 2020;1;6), an example of results on changes in the acoustic environment from a local-scale survey in a quiet residential area during and after the ‘state of emergency’ due to COVID-19 pandemic in Japan is presented: the noise level was 1–2 dBA lower during the state of emergency, which is smaller than reported from large cities. This note presents the results of a follow-up survey in the same area to provide some more examples to gain an insight into the acoustic environment in this area. In this note, the measurement results of noise levels in June 2020, a few weeks after the cancellation of the state of emergency, are mainly reported. As the results are almost the same as those from during the state of emergency, we can infer that either the noise level was reduced in June to a level that was almost the same as that during the state of emergency, or the noise level after its cancellation in May was possibly higher than usual. In either case, the change in noise level was small, and it was difficult to conclude which case was true.
Nominal predication withestar
Authors: Bazaco Carmelo , González-Rivera Melvin
Published: October 2020

Spanish is a dual copula system —serandestar. According to traditional interpretations of their distribution,estardoes not take nominal complements. Instead, this type of complements appears with the copula ser. There are, however, some counterexamples to this rule. On the one hand, we have examples such asPepe estuvo torero ayer‘Pepe was like a bullfighter yesterday.’ In this example, the noun torero does not have its usual interpretation, but rather it refers to the prototypical qualities associated with bullfighters — bravery, unfazed by danger. In this manner, the restriction that Spanish imposes on the copula estar regarding NP complementation does not seem apply in cases where the NP does not provide an identificational interpretation, but rather one associated with the prototypical qualities associated with the noun. A second case in whichestarcan take nominal complements can be seen in examples such asEsta película está una masa‘This movie is pretty cool.’ This type ofestarpredication has a different interpretation than the ones presented in the previous example. While the former provides a predication denoting the properties associated with the noun, the nouns in the latter are expressing a measure of quality regarding their subject. The subjectspelícula‘movie’ is not being identified with the prototypical qualities of a mass but rather are expressions of high quality. In this respect, theestarpredication in this example can be ascribed to the evidential uses ofestar. Not every dialect of Spanish can produce examples such as the ones found in theestáuna masa example, while data similar toestá torerois common in all the dialectal continuum. The focus of this investigation is to examine these two types of nominal complements withestarand provide an analysis of the differences between them, as well as provide an explanation regarding their acceptability inestarpredications.
Religiöses Coping bei einer lebensbedrohlichen Krankheit im Vergleich zu anderen Bewältigungsformen
Authors: Seidl Otmar , Frick Eckhard
Published: October 2020

Spiritualität und religiöses Coping bei lebensbedrohlichen Krankheiten finden zunehmendes wissenschaftliches und praktisches Interesse im Sinne des Spiritual Care. Widersprüchlich sind allerdings die Aussagen über die Effekte dieser Bewältigungsform. Am Modell der HIV-Infektion als einer lebensbedrohlichen Krankheit in der Zeit vor Einführung der antiretroviralen Kombinationstherapie wurden die Häufigkeit und der Erfolg des religiösen Copings untersucht.

105 HIV-infizierte Männer und Frauen (55 Homosexuelle, 30 Hämophile und 20 Drogenkonsumenten) wurden in einem sozialpsychologisch-tiefenpsychologischen Interview über ihre Krankheitsbewältigung befragt. Die Auswertung hinsichtlich des religiösen Copings neben anderen Bewältigungsmechanismen erfolgte im Fremdrating mittels der Berner Bewältigungsformen nach Heim et al. (1990). Das Bewältigungsergebnis wurde mittels des Beeinträchtigungs-Schwere-Scores nach Schepank (1995) bestimmt.

25 % der Probanden, darunter fast nur Homosexuelle, hatten ein intensives und der Rest überwiegend kein religiöses Coping. Religiöses Coping führte zu keinem besseren Ergebnis als andere Mechanismen und wurde nicht vom Krankheitsstadium beeinflusst. Religiöses Coping war eng verknüpft mit einem internalen locus of control. Kein Zusammenhang fand sich mit Alter, Religionszugehörigkeit, Sozialschicht und Schuldphantasien.

Religiöses Coping scheint eine relativ unabhängige stabile Verhaltensdisposition zu sein, die mit dem Gefühl der Eigenverantwortlichkeit verknüpft ist. Religiöse bzw. spirituelle Bedürfnisse sollten, falls vorhanden, bei der psychosozialen Betreuung der Patienten unterstützend berücksichtigt werden.
Plural marking on noun-associated forms
Authors: Di Garbo Francesca
Published: October 2020

Number systems can be morphosemantic or morphosyntactic, based on whether number marking is restricted to nouns or also extends to noun-associated forms, such as adnominal modifiers, predicates, and pronouns. While it is well-known that asymmetries in the distribution of plural marking on nouns can be due to lexico-semantic properties such as animacy and/or inherent number, the question of whether these properties also affect patterns of plural agreement has been less broadly investigated. This paper examines the distribution of plural agreement in 24 Cushitic (Afro-Asiatic) languages. The number systems of the languages of the sample are classified into three types, ranging from radically morphosemantic (Type 1) to radically morphosyntactic (Type 2). A subset of languages displays a combination of morphosemantic and morphosyntactic strategies, and thus qualifies as a mixed type (Type 3). In these languages, the distribution of plural agreement is largely lexically-specified: nouns denoting groups, masses, and collections are more likely to trigger plural agreement than other types of nouns. These results thus show that, similarly to the nominal domain, the lexical semantics of nouns may also affect plural marking on noun-associated forms. Furthermore, in Cushitic, radically morphosemantic and radically morphosyntactic number systems appear to be diachronically connected to each other, with the latter seemingly evolving from the former, as testified by ongoing variation and change in some of the sampled languages. The relevance of these findings for understanding the typology and evolution of number systems is discussed.
The Crisis Interview: Strategic Rapid Intervention
Authors: Fraser J. Scott
Published: October 2020

A systemic view of the nature of crisis is presented, followed by descriptions of generic and specific elements of crises. A rationale and an interview model is presented to guide the phases of a Strategic Rapid Intervention approach following a process/constructive model and an MRI stance on intervention. The phases of the interview process are discussed, and the approach is recommended as a general model to structure any crisis contact.
An Etiological Foxp2 Mutation Impairs Neuronal Gain in Layer VI Cortico-Thalamic Cells through Increased GABAB/GIRK Signaling
Authors: Druart Mélanie , Groszer Matthias , Le Magueresse Corentin
Published: October 2020

A rare mutation affecting the Forkhead-box protein P2 (FOXP2) transcription factor causes a severe monogenic speech and language disorder. Mice carrying an identical point mutation to that observed in affected patients (Foxp2+/R552Hmice) display motor deficits and impaired synaptic plasticity in the striatum. However, the consequences of the mutation on neuronal function, in particular in the cerebral cortex, remain little studied. Foxp2 is expressed in a subset of Layer VI cortical neurons. Here, we used Ntsr1-EGFP mice to identify Foxp2+ neurons in the mouse auditory cortexex vivo.We studied the functional impact of the R552H mutation on the morphologic and functional properties of Layer VI cortical neurons from Ntsr1-EGFP; Foxp2+/R552Hmale and female mice. The complexity of apical, but not basal dendrites was significantly lower in Foxp2+/R552Hcortico-thalamic neurons than in control Foxp2+/+neurons. Excitatory synaptic inputs, but not inhibitory synaptic inputs, were decreased in Foxp2+/R552Hmice. In response, homeostatic mechanisms would be expected to increase neuronal gain, i.e., the conversion of a synaptic input into a firing output. However, the intrinsic excitability of Foxp2+ cortical neurons was lower in Foxp2+/R552Hneurons. A-type and delayed-rectifier (DR) potassium currents, two putative transcriptional targets of Foxp2, were not affected by the mutation. In contrast, GABAB/GIRK signaling, another presumed target of Foxp2, was increased in mutant neurons. Blocking GIRK channels strongly attenuated the difference in intrinsic excitability between wild-type (WT) and Foxp2+/R552Hneurons. Our results reveal a novel role for Foxp2 in the control of neuronal input/output homeostasis.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMutations of the Forkhead-box protein 2 (FOXP2) gene in humans are the first known monogenic cause of a speech and language disorder. The Foxp2 mutation may directly affect neuronal development and function in neocortex, where Foxp2 is expressed. Brain imaging studies in patients with a heterozygous mutation in FOXP2 showed abnormalities in cortical language-related regions relative to the unaffected members of the same family. However, the role of Foxp2 in neocortical neurons is poorly understood. Using mice with a Foxp2 mutation equivalent to that found in patients, we studied functional modifications in auditory cortex neuronsex vivo. We found that mutant neurons exhibit alterations of synaptic input and GABAB/GIRK signaling, reflecting a loss of neuronal homeostasis.
Comparative Brain Imaging Reveals Analogous and Divergent Patterns of Species and Face Sensitivity in Humans and Dogs
Authors: Bunford Nóra , Hernández-Pérez Raúl , Farkas Eszter Borbála , Cuaya Laura V. , Szabó Dóra , Szabó Ádám György , Gácsi Márta , Miklósi Ádám , Andics Attila
Published: October 2020

Conspecific-preference in social perception is evident for multiple sensory modalities and in many species. There is also a dedicated neural network for face processing in primates. However, the evolutionary origin and the relative role of neural species sensitivity and face sensitivity in visuo-social processing are largely unknown. In this comparative study, species sensitivity and face sensitivity to identical visual stimuli (videos of human and dog faces and occiputs) were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging in dogs (n= 20; 45% female) and humans (n= 30; 50% female). In dogs, the bilateral mid suprasylvian gyrus showed conspecific-preference, no regions exhibited face-preference, and the majority of the visually-responsive cortex showed greater conspecific-preference than face-preference. In humans, conspecific-preferring regions (the right amygdala/hippocampus and the posterior superior temporal sulcus) also showed face-preference, and much of the visually-responsive cortex showed greater face-preference than conspecific-preference. Multivariate pattern analyses (MVPAs) identified species-sensitive regions in both species, but face-sensitive regions only in humans. Across-species representational similarity analyses (RSAs) revealed stronger correspondence between dog and human response patterns for distinguishing conspecific from heterospecific faces than other contrasts. Results unveil functional analogies in dog and human visuo-social processing of conspecificity but suggest that cortical specialization for face perception may not be ubiquitous across mammals.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo explore the evolutionary origins of human face-preference and its relationship to conspecific-preference, we conducted the first comparative and noninvasive visual neuroimaging study of a non-primate and a primate species, dogs and humans. Conspecific-preferring brain regions were observed in both species, but face-preferring brain regions were observed only in humans. In dogs, an overwhelming majority of visually-responsive cortex exhibited greater conspecific-preference than face-preference, whereas in humans, much of the visually-responsive cortex showed greater face-preference than conspecific-preference. Together, these findings unveil functional analogies and differences in the organizing principles of visuo-social processing across two phylogenetically distant mammal species.
EFFECT OF FERMENTATION TIME, MOISTURE CONTENT, AND TEMPERATURE ON SORBITOL PRODUCTION VIA SOLID STATE FERMENTATION PROCESS
Authors: Sidi Ahmad Zuriana , Abdul Munaim Mimi Sakinah
Published: October 2020

Malaysia is the largest country that has produced many types of waste. One of it is Meranti wood sawdust. These wastes result in a significant environmental problem if not dispose it in the proper manner. The main objective of this article is to produce the high yield of sorbitol by solid state fermentation (SSF) process from pretreated Meranti wood sawdust using bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum (BAA 793; NCIMB 8826). One factorat a time (OFAT) was studied for further process using solid state fermentation (SSF) process and investigated the effect of relevant parameters (fermentation time, range: 2 hours to 14 hours, moisture content, range: 40% to 90%, temperature, range: 25 oC to 45 oC) to the solid-state fermentation (SSF) process in producing high yield of sorbitol. The highest product yield was obtained at 50% moisture content, at 10 hours of fermentation time and 35 oC of incubation temperature where the concentration of sorbitol was 25.68 g/L respectively. This study also showed that the solid state fermentation (SSF) process will produce the high yield of sorbitol production compared to the submerged fermentation and could serve as a-low cost substrate for bioproducts production especially sorbitol
ADSORPTION AND KINETIC STUDIES OF A NATURAL DYE FROM CURCUMA LONGA L., ONTO BAMBOO YARN
Authors: Tg. Mohd Zamri Tengku Khamanur Azma , Abd Munaim Mimi Sakinah , Ab Wahid Zularisam
Published: October 2020

Natural dye extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. were applied to bamboo yarns using exhaustion dyeing process. This study investigates the dyeing behaviour of Curcumin; the major color component isolated from rhizomes of Curcuma longa L.on bamboo yarn. Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were used to test the adsorption process of curcumin on bamboo yarn. Comparison of regression coefficient value indicated that the Freundlich isotherm most fitted to the adsorption of curcumin onto bamboo yarn. Furthermore, the kinetics study on this research fitted the pseudo-second order model which indicates that the basis of interaction was chemical adsorption.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF Vernonia amygdalina: A REVIEW
Authors: Alara Oluwaseun Ruth , Abdurahman Nour Hamid , Abdul Mudalip Siti Kholijah , Olalere Olusegun Abayomi
Published: October 2020

Vernonia amygdalina has been a known food and medicinal plants used in Asia and Africa (West Africa) due to its pharmacological effects (antioxidant, anti-diabetes, antiinflammatory, anticancer, anti-malaria, and among others). The phytochemical studies revealed that this plant is enriched with proteins, fats, fibres, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and carbohydrates. Many bioactive compounds had been isolated from its extracts. Therefore, this review summarized the overview of the bioactive compounds, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of V. amygdalina as well as its mechanism of action and toxicology.
SYSTEMATIC METHODOLOGY FOR THE DESIGN OF BINARY SOLVENT BLENDS FOR EXTRACTION OF HERBAL PHYTOCHEMICALS WITH COST EVALUATION
Authors: Mohammad Azmin Siti Nuurul Huda , Mat Nor Mohd Shukri
Published: October 2020

The trial and error solvent selection method to obtain herbal phytochemicals is time consuming and limited by effort and cost. The combination of property prediction models with computer-assisted search is one way to overcome these drawbacks. Thus, the main objective of this work is to present a computer-aided methodology for the design of solvent blends in extracting herb phytochemicals optimally with cost evaluation. The methodology can be summarised into two main stages, namely, model-based design and experimental-verification stages. The result discussed in this paper is only for the first stage. The extraction of kaempferol from Kacip Fatimah herb is used as a base case study that follows all of the listed tasks. Five optimal binary solvent blends have been identified namely, methanol:isobutyraldehyde (M:IB), methanol:n-propionaldehyde (M:PP), methanol:water (M:W), methanol: ethyl acetate (M:EA) and methanol: acetic acid (M:AA). The M:IB solvent blend is able to extract the highest kaempferol yield while M:PP gives the highest profit.
ETHNO-MEDICINAL POTENTIALS AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Aloe vera: A REVIEW
Authors: Alara John Adewole , Alara Oluwaseun Ruth
Published: October 2020

Aloe vera is a perennial ethno-medicinal potential plant with a xerophytic characteristic, but not a cactus. It has a famous history owing to its phytopharmaceutical properties and this had made it useful in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. Studies had shown the positive effects of its extract against bacteria, organisms. The phytochemical properties of A. vera have fungi, virus and parasitic been exploited for various economic and commercial purposes. This review contributes literature on the bioactive potential composition, processing and the pharmaceutical potential uses, an adverse side-effect that might spring up in case of over dosage and important safety precautions are summarized. More scientific innovations and developments in the aspect of analytical chemistry are on the way to provide more acceptable, purified chemical characterization of A. vera using sophisticated laboratory equipment and machines.
REVIEW ON POTENTIAL TARGETED THERAPY FOR TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Authors: Aminuddin Nurul Issttifa , Edros Raihana , Kutty Rajaletchumy Veloo
Published: October 2020

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive type of cancer.  TNBC is not just a single type of disease to be cured, but it consists of 6 subtypes which are basal-like 1 and 2, immunomodulatory, mesenchymal, mesenchymal stem- like and luminar androgen receptor. These subtypes has diverse characteristics, which hold potential opportunity for targeted treatment. Lack of molecular targets for triple negative tumor lead to limited targeted therapies for TNBC.  Therefore, effective targeted therapies are urgently needed for TNBC. This paper will highlight on the potential targets in TNBC and treatment options that are currently under clinical application.
PRE-EVALUATION OF CROSSLINKED ANION EXCHANGE (CAX) RESIN ON NITRATES REMOVAL
Authors: Abdullah Norhayati , Kassim Aimi Asyiqin
Published: October 2020

This study is present the result of synthesizing crosslinked anion exchange (CAX) resin bearing quaternary ammonium functionalities. Crosslinked anion exchange of poly(HEMA-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) were synthesized via the modified suspension polymerization technique, then treated in hyper-crosslinking reaction to increase specific surface area (SSA) of CAX beads resin from ~5 to 124 m2/g and followed by amination treatment with N,N-dimethylbutylaminee (DMBA) to obtain CAX resin. After functionalized process, the amount of nitrogen content increased and intensity at 1265 cm-1 that assigned for chloromethyl group has decreased, showing that DMBA successfully being attached to the backbone. CAX resin was fully characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) respectively. A pre-evaluation study was carried to investigate the performance of CAX beads resin to remove nitrate by using ion exchange method. Three parameters were used to study the sorption process; contact time, influent concentration and amount of resin used. For overall sorption, the sorption managed to obtain 88 % nitrate removal by using 0.5 g of CAX resin at 50 ppm influent concentration within 1-hour contact time and the highest adsorption of CAX achieved was 93 % removal of nitrate ions within 4-hours contact time.