bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Health Care Financing in Indonesia and Thailand from 1995-2010: What Lessons Could Be Learned?
Authors: Erlangga Darius , Shi Lizheng
Published: October 2019

Purpose: In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) released its report about health system financing and identified universal coverage as the best way to attain the right of every human being to enjoy “the highest attainable standard of health”. Over the past decade, Thailand has successfully implemented a universal health coverage scheme for its population, while its neighbor country, Indonesia, is still struggling to achieve the same goal. The purpose of this paper is to compare the health financing systems between Thailand and Indonesia. Both countries almost have similar socioeconomic conditions and suffered from severe financial crisis during the late 1990s. The objective of this study is to examine health systems in each country and to determine lessons on how health care financing can affect the health status of a population.

Methods: The study is based on statistical data from various publicly available resources. For analysis, the authors followed The Health Systems Assessment Approach: A How-To Manual Version 1.0 issued by Health Systems 20/20 supported by United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The countries were compared using three groups of indicators in health systems performance and functioning: 1. Health Insurance System, 2. Amount and Sources of Financial Resources, and 3. Health Outcomes and Health Workforce Density.

Results: In comparing the health financing of the two countries, we found that Thailand initiated much earlier health systems reforms in order to achieve universal health coverage. Indonesia, while on the right track, has moved at a slower pace than Thailand. Thailand and Indonesia have shown improving trends over time in all indicators, but Thailand outperformed Indonesia, especially in the groups of indicators regarding the amount and sources of financial resources.

Conclusions: One important lesson identified in this study is that health care reform is unlikely to succeed without strong political support and constant pressure from the nation as a whole, which can be represented by local organizations or professional associations. However, the mere increase of available resources devoted to the health sector does not guarantee significant improvements of health outcomes of a population.
The Impacts of Breakthrough Drug Classes on Total Healthcare Expenditures
Authors: Karaca Zeynal , Wiggins Steven N.
Published: October 2019

Background: Pharmaceutical firms spend billions of dollars developing new therapies, which are often sold at a substantial premium over older therapies. The costs and benefits of these newer and more expensive drugs, however, are controversial. The empirical evidence on whether newer drugs can decrease overall healthcare expenditures may enable private and public health policymakers to develop new drug benefit structures.

Objective: This paper investigates the impact of new drugs and drug classes on overall healthcare expenditures. The paper focuses on the level of reductions in total healthcare expenditures drawn from the replacement of other drugs with breakthrough drug classes.

Methods: We used the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data sets from 1996 to 2001. To measure the effect of important drugs prescribed for a given condition on the expenditures, we developed a model that captures the effect of important drugs on expenditures in a less restrictive way than the extant literature. Our analysis of these drug groupings offers several improvements over prior work. First, we treated all drugs with a similar pharmacology as the same, rather than assigning their therapeutic value based on year of introduction. Second, our approach recognizes that innovations emerge in waves and that drugs within a particular group are more similar therapeutically to each other than to other existing drugs, or other drugs introduced in the same or different years. Third, we separately estimated the effects of each of these groups of drugs on drug and non-drug expenditures. Finally, we measured the cost impact of drug use in a more general way than in the existing literature. We examined six different groups of breakthrough drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, statins, angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, histamine type 2 antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and fluoroquinolones.

Results: Our results demonstrate that drugs from breakthrough classes - except ACE inhibitors - are more expensive than other drugs. Next, we measured the impact of breakthrough drug classes and other drugs on total non-drug medical expenditures. The results indicate that important drugs significantly decrease total non-drug expenditures for all breakthrough classes, except fluoroquinolones. In general, the reduction in non-drug expenditures is many times larger than the increased drug expenditures.

Conclusion: Breakthrough drug classes, with the exception of fluoroquinolones, substantially reduce overall healthcare expenditures.
An Algorithm to Analyze Cost Heterogeneity using Counterfactual Scenarios in Endovascular versus Open Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Predicting Costs for Subsequent Patients
Authors: Jones Christopher A. , Callas Peter W. , Everett Robert W. , Galbraith Richard A. , Spitsberg Richie , Petrozzino Jeffrey J. , DeSarno Michael J. , Stanley Andrew C.
Published: October 2019

Objectives: We examined patient-specific predictors of high cost for endovascular (EVAR) and open (OPEN) repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).

Methods: Vascular Study Group of Northern New England data specific to Fletcher Allen Health Care were merged with cost data from the same source. We retrospectively analyzed 389 elective AAA repairs (230 EVAR, 159 OPEN) between 2003 and 2011 to determine clinical characteristics that contribute to membership in the upper quartile of cost (UQC) versus the remaining three quartiles. For the purpose of this exercise, it was assumed that clinical outcomes were equally good with EVAR versus OPEN repair.

Results: Significant predictors of UQC for OPEN repair procedures were: history of treated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), previous bypass surgery, transfer from hospital and age >70 (area under receiver operating curve [ROC] = 0.726). Predictors of UQC for EVAR were: presence of iliac aneurysm(s), coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty within the past 5 years, ejection fraction ≤30%, absence of beta blockers, creatinine ≥1.5mg/dL, and current use of tobacco (area under ROC = 0.784). The mean length of stay for EVAR and OPEN repair were 2.22 and 8.55 days, respectively. Costs for EVAR and OPEN repair were $32,656 (standard error of the mean [SEM] $591) and $28,183 (SEM $1,571), respectively.

Conclusions: Certain risk factors at the individual patient level are predictive of UQC. Under such circumstances, it is our expectation that such algorithms may be used to select the most cost-efficient treatment.
Cost Analysis and Clinical Outcomes of Ambulatory Care Monitoring in Medicare Patients: Describing the Diagnostic Odyssey
Authors: Arnold Renée JG , Layton Andrew
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The diagnostic sequence and costs for arrhythmia detection utilizing Holter ambulatory ECG monitoring have not been well studied. The objective of the current study was to characterize the number of patients and associated costs incurred in the diagnosis, additional monitoring, clinical events and sequelae after an initial Holter monitor in Medicare patients with arrhythmia—the diagnostic odyssey.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, longitudinal claims analysis using a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries’ claims from the Fee-for-Service (FFS) Standard Analytic Files. The analysis was limited to patients with full benefits for 1 year prior and 2 years post the index 24- or 48-hour Holter event, no prior arrhythmia or Holter.

Results: The group of greatest interest was the “No results” category, since these 1,976 patients (11.1% of the total 17,887 patients evaluated) reflected the failure of repeat Holter monitoring to either detect clinical events or diagnose disease. In spite of this failure, there was a total allowed charge of more than $45 million or slightly more than $23,000 per involved patient. When extrapolated over the entire Medicare FFS population, this category was estimated to cost more than $900 million over the 2-year study period.

Conclusions: Additional diagnostic paradigms need to be explored to improve upon these patient and system outcomes, where repeat monitoring frequently did not yield a diagnosis and patients continued to experience clinical events.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Menggunakan Media Hullahop Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Senam Lantai Pada Siswa Kelas VIII Di SMP Negeri 1 Pakusari
Authors: Dewi Irma Ristanti  , Wawan Setiawan  , Donny Setiawan
Published: October 2019

Senam ini dikatakan sebagai aktivitas dasar dan menjelma dari setiap bagian anggota tubuh dari kemampuan komponen motorik atau gerak seperti kekuatan, kecepatan, keseimbangan, kelenturan, kelincahan, dan ketepatan. Salah satu contoh senam lantai adalah gerakan dengan melakukan guling depan dan guling belakang. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (action research). Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pembelajaran senam lantai menggunakan media hulahoop. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Pakusari yang berjumlah 30 anak, terdiri atas siswa putra sebanyak 15 anak dan siswa putri sebanyak 15 anak. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk mengungkap atau menggambarkan objek penelitian. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah instrumen tes unjuk kerja guling depan. Dari hasil penelitian pembelajaran senam lantai guling depan dan guling belakang tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa tindakan pembelajaran senam lantai guling depan dan guling belakang menggunakan media hulahoop yang dilakukan dalam 2 siklus, terbukti mampu meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran pada siswa kelas VIII SMP NEGERI 1 PAKUSARI Kecamatan Pakusari Kabupaten Jember.
The Descriptive Study on Students’ Reading Comprehension in Scanning Recount Text of The Eighth Grade Students at SMP N 1 Glagah in The 2013/2014 Academic Year
Authors: Subayil Subayil
Published: October 2019

Reading is a multileveled and interactive process in which readers contruct a meaningful representation of text using their schemata. While it has been known for some time that both content and formal schemata are necessary for complete understanding of written texts in a reader’s first language (L1), and has been suspected to be true in the reader’s second language (L2). The purpose of this thesis is twofold. The first, to give a brief overview of some of the literature that deals with scanning as the alternative technique to teach reading comprehension. The second goal, to disscuss the implemetation of scaaning in the reading class. This classroom action research was intended to comprehend students’ reading in scanning recount text at SMPN 1 Glagah in the 2013/2014 academic year. It was conducted at the eighth year students. The respondent oh this research was consisted of 54 students who cocsisted of each class of the eighth grade. This respondents were chosen becouse they were as example of sample to establish the technique had goal or not. Involving the English teacher's preparation, the instructional activities conducted by the teachers, the material or technique used in the teaching of reading comprehension, the evaluation reading comprehension, and other factors that students succeed in the reading comprehension. The instruments of collecting data used test and documentation. The reading comprehension focused in recount text which used scanning technique. The reading comprehension test was used to get primary data about the students’ reading comprehension of English passages. In the implementation to find the value of reading comprehension by scanning techinique for the first time was providing related question reading test of recount text. It was done to determine the value students reading comprehension by using that technique mentioned above. So that, it will be known later on how to comprehend reading text. In the evaluation, the researcher got the test score from the respondent or students. Based on the result, it be concluded that the reading comprehension by scaanning technique had side-effect to improve the reading ability students and help the students of the eighth grade at SMPN 1 Glagah who they got some reading test which focused in recount text.
A Content Analysis On the Quality of Short Stories in Short Stories For Children's Published By Children's Book Trust
Authors: Rahmatika Citra Ayu
Published: October 2019

Reading is one of the language skills. There are four components of the language skills are: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Reading is one of the important skills in teaching English. In this research, the researcher is interested to discuss about a content analysis on the quality of short stories in short stories for children’s published by children’s book trust. The purpose of this research are to measure the quality of short stories in short stories for children’s published by children’s book trust, and to identify the readability and gender equality of short stories for children’s published by children’s book trust. The design of this research was descriptive qualitative research. To get the data of the research, The researcher used a documentation. The researcher used flesch reading ease formula. The data sources from this research taken from book entitled short stories for children’s published by children’s book trust. In this book consist of 17 titles from 17 authors. Based on the result of the data analysis of documentation, it can be known that all of short story can be read by children from the age 8 – 11 years old. Types of reading level in this short stories are easy and very easy. From the 17 short stories, total number of short stories that tell about men life there were 12. While total number of short stories that tell about women life there were The researcher concluded that the quality of short stories for children’s published by children’s book trust is enough. The readability of short stories in short stories for children’s published by children’s book trust is easily understood by children’s and all short stories are suitable as children’s books. The gender equality in short stories for children’s published by children’s book trust is gender bias. The short stories only focus on one gender. The suggestion are for the readers, the researcher suggest that the readers can selecting to choose short stories which is most suitable to reading. The reader can also apply the result of this study as feedback on their reading activities, improve their knowledge and experience in choosing appropriate book, so that the reader is better in reading skill. For the other researchers, it would be useful for the other researcher to use the result as additional reference for those who want to conduct research. The researcher suggest that the other researchers can add research on the short story
A dimensão do direito na teoria da luta por reconhecimento de Axel Honneth
Authors: Da Silva Marcos Luiz
Published: October 2019

O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a ideia de reconhecimento jurídico na teoria de Axel Honneth, o que se dará mediante análise da obra Luta por Reconhecimento. Honneth, ancorado nas teorias de Hegel e Mead, estabelece o papel do direito como esfera de reconhecimento individual e seu potencial de asseguramento do autorrespeito. Empreende-se uma reconstrução da teoria honnethiana no atinente aos papéis desempenhados pelo direito na teoria da Luta por Reconhecimento de Axel Honneth, para em seguida, a partir da leitura que o autor desenvolve da teoria de Thomas Marshall, analisar o papel desempenhado pelos direitos subjetivos fundamentais como medium de sedimentação e ampliação de novas formas de reconhecimento e cidadania.
Resenha – Tradução de HEGEL, G. W. F. Ciência da Lógica: 1. A Doutrina do Ser
Authors: Konzen Paulo Roberto
Published: October 2019

Resenha – Tradução de HEGEL, G. W. F. Ciência da Lógica: 1. A Doutrina do Ser
Loucura, discurso e política: Um estudo da matéria jornalística "A sucursal do inferno" na revista O Cruzeiro referente ao Hospital de Barbacena -MG
Authors: Franklin Camila Fortes Monte
Published: October 2019

Loucura, discurso e política: Um estudo da matéria jornalística "A sucursal do inferno" na revista O Cruzeiro referente ao Hospital de Barbacena -MG
As condições da razão social em Gadamer: a razão humana na sociedade de especialistas
Authors: Lopes Tomás Jobin Coutinho
Published: October 2019

Considerando o problema da “tecnificação” da formação de opinião e da vida política ocidental hodierna, bem como o domínio da concepção de ciência moderna e de método científico aí implicado, objetiva-se um estudo dos desafios e condições propostos por Gadamer para a consecução de uma razão social. Para tanto, procede-se a uma pesquisa bibliográfica que se concentra no texto “O que é práxis? As condições da razão social”. Desse modo, observa-se que o domínio do “tecnicismo” e do “ideal de uma sociedade de especialistas” são elementos cada vez mais presentes na racionalidade humana hodierna, e merecem, portanto, uma devida reflexão sobre suas consequências e sobre como suplantar tais desafios com o advento de “uma nova solidariedade”.
Hegel e a Ciência da Lógica: da crítica às provas apagógicas de Kant na segunda antinomia da Crítica da Razão Pura
Authors: Bortolini Bruna de Oliveira
Published: October 2019

A partir da obra Ciência da Lógica, de Hegel (1816), o presente artigo analisa sua crítica às provas apagógicas de Kant, mais especificamente aquelas referente à segunda antinomia da Crítica da Razão Pura (1781), a qual trata sobre a questão da indivisibilidade e da divisibilidade do espaço, do tempo e da matéria. O estudo expõe brevemente a forma como são elaboradas por Kant tais provas, bem como suas fragilidades e limitações, para ao fim mostrar as soluções apresentadas por Hegel a elas e de que modo, através das próprias antinomias kantianas, o autor justifica a contradição entre indivisibilidade e divisibilidade como momento substancial à dialética do pensamento.
O homem, lobo do próprio homem: diálogos entre Hobbes e Chalámov
Authors: Leal Mauro Lopes , Leal Julie Christie Damasceno
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho tem por enfoque estabelecer uma leitura da sentença hobbesiana: “o homem é lobo do próprio homem”, com o propósito de investigar as relações que se estabelecem entre os homens, tendo em vista os conflitos inerentes à natureza humana, a exaltação da razão e o estado de natureza, e buscando articular tais concepções com as questões da liberdade e felicidade. Nesse sentido, abordar-se-á o pensamento hobbesiano sobre o homem e a sociedade, interligando-o com o conto Medição individual do escritor russo Varlam Chalámov, principalmente no que diz respeito à intolerância e supressão dos direitos humanos que permeiam a vida social.
Tipificação da "reflexão de essência" constituidora da metafísica de Spinoza
Authors: Costa Antônio Carlos da Rocha
Published: October 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma extensão do modo hegeliano de caracterizar a progressão das reflexões de essência, de que Hegel se vale na "Ciência da Lógica" para introduzir sua noção de essência, produto de uma reflexão determinante. Tal modo estendido de caracterizar a progressão das reflexões de essência possibilita tipificar a reflexão de essência constituidora da metafísica de Spinoza, bem como dar indicações iniciais para a tipificação das reflexões de essência constituidoras das metafísicas de outros filósofos. O artigo conclui com a discussão de alguns aspectos da análise Hegeliana da filosofia de Spinoza, apresentada numa "Observação" incluída na 3a. seção da "Doutrina da Essência".
La voluntad de saber como instancia de la investigación foucaultiana sobre la biopolítica y la política
Authors: Raffin Marcelo
Published: October 2019

Este artículo pretende realizar una hermenéutica de La voluntad de saber (1976) que permita comprender esta obra en su doble condición de constituir tanto el primer resultado de una investigación referida a una genealogía o historia de la sexualidad en el Occidente moderno, como el marco en el que Foucault desarrolla su análisis sobre la biopolítica y la gubernamentalidad y, sobre todo, en el que presenta las nociones de aquello que entiende por política. A tal fin, el artículo analiza, en primer lugar, la especificidad de La voluntad de saber como primer jalón de una genealogía de la sexualidad en el Occidente moderno. En segundo lugar, examina el emplazamiento de La voluntad de saber como inauguración oficial de los estudios sobre biopolítica y como punto de clivaje entre dos nociones fundamentales que, en opinión del autor, Foucault sostiene acerca de la política: una de carácter diagnóstico (ligada a la nociones de biopolítica y de gubernamentalidad) y otra de carácter propositivo (vinculada a los modos de subjetivación y las prácticas de sí). Finalmente, se subraya la relación de la subjetividad con los juegos de verdad, atravesada por el problema del poder-gobierno, como la piedra de toque de las preocupaciones y los propósitos generales de las investigaciones foucaultianas.
A queda do céu e o pluriverso yanomami: ancestralidade, território e educação
Authors: Dorrico Julie
Published: October 2019

Na esteira dos estudos sobre ontologia relacional e ontologia política de Arturo Escobar (2015), desenvolvemos neste artigo uma leitura da obra A queda do céu: palavras de um xamã yanomami (2015). Nosso argumento central consiste em defender os seguintes pontos: primeiro, relacionado diretamente com a teoria de Escobar, que a cosmologia yanomami apresenta-se como um outro mundo capaz de dar sentido à sua existência individual e coletiva de modo diferenciado à matriz ocidental e totalmente capaz de suprir todas as suas necessidades materiais e simbólicas; e, segundo, de que a cosmologia e a política percebidas na obra não encerram o caráter estético da linguagem apresentada pelo xamã às sociedades não indígenas. Por isso, pluriverso, aqui, trata ao mesmo tempo do conceito de pluriverso de Escobar, para defender a existência de outros mundos aos olhos do Ocidente, mas também do caráter lírico que a obra enseja em termos da linguagem, seja nas metáforas do mundo yanomami traduzidas à língua portuguesa, seja no grafismo utilizado na obra, seja na narrativa, própria e singular ao universo do xamã Kopenawa.
Justiça e liberdades: a abordagem das capacidades públicas
Authors: Dagios Magnus
Published: October 2019

Amartya Sen faz críticas as noções de justiça dos contratualistas. Segundo Sen, os contratualistas possuem teorias da justiça que seriam sobretudo “ideais a priori” de justiça. Tal modelo visa a garantia de instituições perfeitamente justas. Sen estabelece que o método mais apropriado para as teorias da justiça seria o método comparativo que faz análises dos diferentes modos de vida que as pessoas reais conseguem objetivar. O principal é o conceito de capacidades: a capacidade de uma pessoa para realizar coisas que julga serem fundamentais para ela. Mais importante que a culminação do objetivo é a oportunidade de possuir alternativas de escolha, e ter a liberdade para decidir. O problema na teoria de Sen é que não estabelece um limite com o qual é possível políticas públicas e institucionais para a realização das capacidades. Por isso, estabeleço a ideia de capacidades públicas que seriam as únicas que um Estado se interessaria em fornecer aos seus cidadãos, aumentando seus funcionamentos e suas liberdades substanciais. A melhora das demais capacidades individuais restariam aos indivíduos se auto proverem.
A marcha do Estado racional hegeliano: uma reflexão sobre os múltiplos momentos da unidade do espírito
Authors: Hauschild Álvaro Körbes
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste texto é refletir sobre o conceito hegeliano de Estado, analisando seus principais elementos ou momentos, não sem observar a peculiaridade do sistema de Hegel, o caráter racional do Estado. Um leitor atento poderá notar em Hegel uma preocupação permanente com o paradoxo que já sacudia Parmênides, a saber o do uno e o múltiplo. Pois bem, o Estado hegeliano tem por objetivo conciliar a multiplicidade das particularidades, em sua subjetividade, com a unidade objetiva da ordem comunitária. Sendo um pensador moderno, Hegel enfatiza a importância da particularidade na composição do todo orgânico do Estado; mas, por outro lado, resgatando bastante dos conceitos antigos, tanto de Platão quanto de Aristóteles, Hegel não deixa de exigir que a disposição destas particularidades seja voltada para a universalidade do corpo orgânico objetivo.
Membumikan Dakwah Berbasis Komunikasi Profetik Di Era Media Baru
Authors: A'yuni Qurrota
Published: October 2019

As a means of disseminating information, a new era of media does not always have a positive impact on the purpose of da’wah. The new era’s media actually raises the birth of da’wah that is extreme, radical and far from the meaning of Islam as a religion of peace. Very few da’wah actors and activists have integrated prophetic ethics and values in the new media era. They use many utterances of hatred (hatespeech) and lies (hoaxes) to preach. This phenomenon is very inversely proportional to the teachings of friendly and peaceful Islam as did the Prophet Muhammad. Therefore, grounding prophetic-based tabligh activities is very urgent in the new media era.
TAFSIR EMANSIPATORIS: PEMBUMIAN METODOLOGI TAFSIR PEMBEBASAN
Authors: Mubin Fatkhul
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to describe the emancipatory methodology of interpretation as a method of interpreting the Qur'an that is responsive to socio-cultural conditions and not trapped in the ideological-dogmatic confines of reasoning. This is because the discourse of interpretation is still enlivened by the interpretation which is still focused on the relation of the text to the interpreter only, so that the socio-cultural locus has not been touched, instead of solving social problems based on text. This type of research is library research with a descriptive analysis approach. Data sources in the study are divided into two types, namely: primary in the form of scholarly work that discusses emancipatory interpretation and secondary in the form of books and scientific works related to the science and interpretation of the Qur'an. This research concludes that the emancipatory interpretation treats the text of the scriptures in a space of critical reflection as well as being applied in the realm of praxis, not only morally but also structurally. Here, the text of the scriptures is used as a tool to sharpen conscience in seeing, perceiving and at the same time solving social problems of humanity. The principle of interpretation of scriptural texts, here linguistically, must be comprehensive and philosophical. And in the context of praxis, the text of the scriptures ethically liberation must be reflected in the lives of humanity.
Membedah Faktor-faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Ikhtilaf di Kalangan Ulama
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad
Published: October 2019

Dissimalarity opinion among the ulema, specially fuqaha, is a treasure in Islamic Study of Laws. The ability of Islamic laws in responds the challenges on every period is related to the existence of the basic ikhtilaf among the ulema. So that, discussions to bring back the dissimaliriy opinions among moslem on the right path must be followed by serious discussion on the ikhtilaf principles as practiced by the early generation of Islamic ummah.

Keyword: Ikhtilāf, Mażhab, Fikih Islam.
Penundaan Kehadiran Anak akibat Perkawinan Usia Muda Ditinjau Menurut Hukum Islam (Studi pada Desa Jaling, Kec. Awangpone, Kab. Bone)
Authors: Pranata Wiwin , Abdul Rahim
Published: October 2019

The aim of the study is to identify whether early marriage contributes to delaying childbirth and to identify Islamic perspective in relation delaying childbirth. As for the advantages of the research, theoretically, the results of this study are expected to contribute positively to all components of the student, so the idea of delaying childbirth due to early marriage is able to be understood. Practically, this research will be one of the reference materials for further study in wider scope. The results of the study indicated that some people perform delaying childbirth due to early marriage through their participation in Family Planning Program (KB) by injections. The incentivizing factors of their participation within the program are age and educational factor, in which the Islamic law consider this permissible only if there is an agreement between both husband and wife, it is temporary, not harmful and beneficial.
Perros vagabundos sin cintillo de vacunación
Authors: Rocha Joseana , Rusivel Tarciso , Lafuente Luis , Santos Alan F. , Antezana Shirley , Rojas Luis
Published: October 2019

Se la logrado controlar la Rabia gracias a las acciones que determinan sus áreas prioritarias, intensifican y diversifican sus acciones de control, enfocándose en el tratamiento humano, campañas masivas de vacunación, vigilancia epidemiológica, acciones educativas y control de la población de perros, el objetivo del estudio fue estimar la población de canes sin cinta de vacunación posterior a una campaña antirrábica canina. Se elaboró una ficha epidemiológica donde se registraron 100 canes en un período de una hora y se identificó a los canes sin cintillo de vacunación en la zona de Villa San Andrés. Se contabilizaron 78 canes con cintillo (78%) y 28 canes sin cintillo de vacunación (28%), Los resultados muestran la necesidad de mejorar la cobertura de vacunación de canes, aplicar normativas de tenencia responsable de canes, realizar campañas de esterilización a canes vagabundos a fin de prevenir el incremento en la incidencia de rabia en pacientes humanos.
Calidad microbiológica de los sistemas de agua de consumo humano municipio de Colcapirhua.
Authors: Camacho Camata Juan Jose , Escobar Hinojosa Max Linder , Angulo Torres Ramiro , Rocha Joseana , Rojas Terrazas Luis Fernando
Published: October 2019

Introducción: El resultado del consumo de agua insalubre son las enfermedades gastrointestinales. El agua de pozos es la principal fuente de abastecimiento y puede tener contaminación bacteriana. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad microbiológica de los sistemas agua de consumo humano en el municipio de Colcapirhua. Métodos: De julio a octubre del 2018 se efectuaron análisis de 109 sistemas de agua, tomando muestras, una en boca de pozo y otra a 100 metros en la red de distribución domiciliaria, según la norma boliviana NB 496. Resultados: Mostraron en boca de pozo 42 (38.5 %) sin contaminación microbiológica, 60 (55.0 %) presentan bacterias coliformes totales y 7 (6.4 %) no coliformes “Pseudomonas aeruginosa”, entre coliformes totales encontrados están; Escherichia coli 36 (33,2 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae 10 (9,2 %), Klebsiella ozaenae 6 (5,5 %), Klebsiella oxytoca 1 (0,9 %), Enterobacter cloacae 6 (31,2 %) y Citrobacter freundii 2 (1,8 %). Los análisis en la red de distribución domiciliaria mostraron; 51 (46.8 %) sin contaminación microbiológica, 51 (46.8 %) presentan bacterias Coliformes totales y 7 (6.4 %) bacterias no coliformes “Pseudomonas aeruginosa”, entre los coliformes totales encontrados están; Escherichia coli 34 (31.2 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae 7 (6.4 %), Klebsiella ozaenae 6 (5,5 %), Klebsiella oxytoca 1 (0,9 %), Enterobacter cloacae 4 (3.7 %) y Citrobácter freundii 1 (0.9 %). Discusión: El agua para consumo humano no debe contener coliformes totales y fecales por norma NB 512 los resultados de la carga microbiana que presentaron las muestras de pozo en el municipio de Colcapirhua, reflejan una calidad microbiológica deficiente que pone en riesgo a la población, por lo que es necesario llevar a cabo un proceso de filtración o desinfección.
IÍndice de Quetelet asociado a los años laborales en conductores del transporte público de Quillacollo, Cochabamba.
Authors: Angulo Camacho Hans Ruddy , Lafuente Lafuente Luis Alejandro , Ramos Medrano Daiana Beatriz , Chacon Paco Lizeth , Saiara De Melo R. Camila
Published: October 2019

Introducción: Existe unas actividades laborales que se encuentran más expuestas a desarrollar las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles; el objetivo es determinar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad relacionada con los años de trabajo. en los conductores del transporte público de Quillacollo. Metodología: Es un estudio tipo descriptivo de corte transversal, prospectivo; la muestra es de 360 conductores evaluados. Resultados: mostraron que, en relación con el estado nutricional, el sobrepeso es un 35,6 %; obesidad tipo I 35,8 %, obesidad tipo II 6,4 %, obesidad tipo III 0,3 % y normal 21,9 %. Relacionando los años laborales y el estado nutricional, se puede observar que los conductores que trabajan 1 a 7 años; 43,7 % normal, 38,3 % sobrepeso y 18 % obesidad grado I. Los conductores que trabajan de 8 a 14 años; 12,4 % normal, 40,5 % sobrepeso, 44,6 % obesidad tipo I, 2,5 % obesidad tipo II. El grupo de más de 15 años: 5,7 % normal, 26,4 % sobrepeso, 48,1 % obesidad tipo I, 18,9 % obesidad tipo II y el 0,9 % obesidad tipo III. Discusión: El 62,7% trabaja en este rubro más de ocho años y al analizar la relación existente entre los años laborales y el estado nutricional, se encontró (P=0,01), a más años de trabajo como conductor de transporte público, mayores problemas de nutrición por exceso.
Protozoariasis intestinal en edad pediátrica.
Authors: Tardio Flores Rodrigo Arturo , Lafuente Lafuente Luis Alejandro , Melgarejo Vidal Alejandra Estefany , Mamani Salas Ericka Ayde , Chacon Paco Lizeth , Ayaviri Dilean Elfy
Published: October 2019

Introducción: La protozoariasis tiene una alta prevalencia en diferentes regiones de nuestro país y es uno de los principales problemas, por su alta prevalencia y elevados índices de transmisibilidad, el objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar las características de la protozoariasis intestinal en edad pediátrica. Metodología: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. Se revisaron los resultados de estudios de laboratorio de la gestión 2017 y 2018 de pacientes que acudieron al hospital San Juan de Dios del municipio de Cliza Cochabamba, Bolivia. Resultados: La frecuencia de protozoariasis fue 56.8 %, según el sexo 52,2 % mujeres y 47,8 % varones, en el grupo etario de niños menores de 1 año, 27 %, 1 a 5 58.4 %, 5 a 10, 10.3 %, 10 a 12 3 % y 12 a 15 1.3 %. La frecuencia del tipo de protozoario es Entamoeba histolytica 78.6 %, Giardia lamblia 17.6 %, Chilomastixmesnili 1.8 %, Blastocystis hominis 1.2 % y Endolimax nana 0.7 %. Discusión: Se observa una disminución en la prevalencia de estos microorganismos, considerando la mejora de los servicios básicos en la zona y educación sanitaria, siendo frecuente en el sexo femenino, y el grupo etario que presento mayor parasitosis es de 1 a 5 años, siendo la Entamoeba histolytica la de mayor presencia y no existe relación en la frecuencia de protozoariasis intestinal en relación con otros trabajos de la región.
Percepción de fuentes y nivel de ruido.
Authors: Martinez Amador Jose Guido , Soria Quiroz Evelyn Verónica , Ramos Medrano Daiana Beatriz , Fernandez Zambrana Nelson Abel , Rojas Terrazas Luis Fernando
Published: October 2019

Introducción: El ruido es un potencial de impacto en la salud, actualmente se considera como un contaminante “invisible” y resulta molestoso al individuo y a la población en general, el objetivo es determinar el nivel de ruido y fuentes emisoras de contaminación en la población próxima al aeropuerto de Cochabamba, Bolivia. Metodología: El estudio es descriptivo, transversal, observacional y prospectivo. Desarrollado de enero a mayo del 2019, la población de estudio contempló 106 habitantes mayores a 15 años y el instrumento utilizado fue un sonómetro integrador tipo 2 y encuesta. Resultados: El ruido principalmente proviene del tráfico vehicular 51,9 % y el transporte aéreo 25,5 %. El 56,6 % de los habitantes percibe el ruido todos los días, 31,1 % los fines de semana y 12,3 % de lunes a viernes. Los registros son: 90 dB en despegue de aviones, 86 dB tráfico vehicular, 105 dB en actividades recreativas y 65 dB en construcciones y locales nocturnos. Discusión: La percepción de la fuente de ruido más importante en el área del aeropuerto Jorge Wilsterman es el transporte vehicular e indicaron que es todos los días de la semana y la fuente emisora de mayor intensidad son las actividades recreativas. La mayoría de los niveles registrados en las fuentes sonoras superan los valores recomendados por la OMS e instituciones gubernamentales.
Robust Registration of Astronomy Catalogs with Applications to the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Tian Fan , Budavári Tamás , Basu Amitabh , Lubow Stephen H. , White Richard L.
Published: October 2019

Astrometric calibration of images with a small field of view is often inferior to the internal accuracy of the source detections due to the small number of accessible guide stars. One important experiment with such challenges is the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). A possible solution is to cross-calibrate overlapping fields instead of just relying on standard stars. Following the approach of Budavári & Lubow, we use infinitesimal 3D rotations for fine tuning the calibration but devise a better objective that is robust to a large number of false candidates in the initial set of associations. Using Bayesian statistics, we accommodate bad data by explicitly modeling the quality, which yields a formalism essentially identical to an M-estimation in robust statistics. Our results on simulated and real catalogs show great potentials for improving the HST calibration, and those with similar challenges.
Examining Older Adults’ Perceptions of Health Care Providers: Identifying Important Aspects of Older Adults’ Relationships With Physicians and Nurses
Authors: Calvin Amy O. , Frazier Lorraine , Cohen Marlene Z.
Published: October 2019

This article describes older adults’ conversations about their relationships with health care providers. Focus group participants (N = 23) were from three ethnic groups (Black, White, and Hispanic) and ages 53 to 92. All but three of the participants were women. Content analysis revealed an overarching theme of genuine caring and three sub-themes: interest in patients’ well-being, respectful dialogue, and sharing of information. Older adults’ perceptions of genuine caring by physicians and nurses did not differ by ethnicity. Older adults want to engage in a caring, respectful, and educational relationship with their health care providers, which is consistent with fundamental professional values.
The Circle of Life: End-of-Life Care and Death Rituals for Hmong-American Elders
Authors: Gerdner Linda A. , Cha Dia , Yang Deu , Tripp-Reimer Toni
Published: October 2019

The Hmong are an ethnic minority from Southeast Asia who constitute a growing U.S. population. Gerontological nurses need to understand the cultural meaning and rituals associated with dying, death, and the bereavement process of Hmong Americans. Critical to this is the structure and role of clan and family as a source of support and their involvement in the decision-making process. In this article, we provide an overview of the traditional spiritual beliefs related to life and death with implications for end-of-life and postmortem care. Information was acquired through invited field experiences. Published literature and consultation with Hmong elders were used to clarify, enhance, and validate this understanding.
Assessing Job Satisfaction of Nurse Aides in Nursing Homes: The Nursing Home Nurse Aide Job Satisfaction Questionnaire
Authors: Castle Nicholas G.
Published: October 2019

In this study, the author examined the job satisfaction of nurse aides working in nursing homes using the Nursing Home Nurse Aide Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of seven subscales and uses a visual analogue rating scale ranging from 1 (low score) to 10 (high score). The questionnaire was mailed to 2,872 nurse aides who were employed at 72 nursing homes located in 6 states. A total of 1,579 questionnaires were completed for a response rate of 55%. Mean subscale scores were: 7.8 for the work content subscale, 7.5 for the quality subscale, 6.9 for the training subscale, 6.8 for the coworkers subscale, 5.7 for the work demands subscale, 5.5 for the workload subscale, and 5.3 for the rewards subscale. Mean score for the global ratings was 7.4. The findings indicate that in general, nurse aides enjoy working with residents and their coworkers but are less satisfied with pay.
Evidence-Based Prescribing in Mental Health Nursing
Authors: Limandri Barbara J.
Published: October 2019

Since Sackett et al.'s epic throw down of the gauntlet in 1996, the hallmark of quality health care practice has been evidence-based clinical decision making. But what does it mean to base one's practice on evidence, and what are the barriers to evidence-based prescribing? The current article addresses these questions and offers suggestions to improve one's evidence-based practice. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57
(6), 9–13.]
Optimal Power Distribution System Planning and Analysis Using Q-GIS and Soft Computing
Authors: Shabbiruddin  , Chakravorty Sandeep , Sherpa Karma Sonam , Ray Amitava
Published: October 2019

The selection of power sub-station location and distribution line routing in power systems is one of the important strategic decisions for both private and public sectors. In general, contradictory factors such as availability, and cost, affects the appropriate selection which adheres to vague and inexact data. The work presented in this research deals with the development of models and techniques for planning and operation of power distribution system. The work comprises a wider framework from the siting of a sub-station to load flow analysis. Work done also shows the application of quantum- geographic information system (Q-GIS) in finding load point coordinates and existing sub-station locations. The proposed integrated approach provides realistic and reliable results, and facilitates decision makers to handle multiple contradictory decision perspectives. To accredit the proposed model, it is implemented for power distribution planning in Bihar which consists of 9 divisions. A Cubic Spline Function-based load flow analysis method is developed to validate the proposal.
A Comparison of Emergency Preparedness Between High School Coaches and Club Sport Coaches
Authors: Post Eric G. , Schaefer Daniel A. , Biese Kevin M. , Cadmus-Bertram Lisa A. , Watson Andrew M. , McGuine Timothy A. , Brooks M. Alison , Bell David R.
Published: October 2019

Context

Recent studies suggested that a large population of high school-aged athletes participate on club sport teams. Despite attempts to document emergency preparedness in high school athletics, the adherence to emergency and medical coverage standards among club sport teams is unknown.

Objective

To determine if differences in emergency preparedness and training existed between coaches of high school teams and coaches of high school-aged club teams.

Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting

Online questionnaire.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 769 coaches (females = 266, 34.6%) completed an anonymous online questionnaire regarding their emergency preparedness and training.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The questionnaire consisted of (1) demographics and team information, (2) emergency preparedness factors (automated external defibrillator [AED] availability, emergency action plan [EAP] awareness, medical coverage), and (3) emergency training requirements (cardiopulmonary resuscitation/AED, first aid).

Results

High school coaches were more likely than club sport coaches to be aware of the EAP for their practice venue (83.9% versus 54.4%, P < .001), but most coaches in both categories had not practiced their EAP in the past 12 months (70.0% versus 68.9%, P = .54). High school coaches were more likely to be made aware of the EAP during competitions (47.5% versus 37.1%, P = .02), but the majority of coaches in both categories indicated that they were never made aware of EAPs. High school coaches were more likely than club coaches to (1) have an AED available at practice (87.9% versus 58.8%, P < .001), (2) report that athletic trainers were responsible for medical care at practices (31.2% versus 8.8%, P < .001) and competitions (57.9% versus 31.2%, P < .001), and (3) be required to have cardiopulmonary resuscitation, AED, or first-aid training (P < .001).

Conclusions

High school coaches displayed much greater levels of emergency preparedness and training than coaches of high school-aged club teams. Significant attention and effort may be needed to address the lack of emergency preparedness and training observed in club coaches.
Sport Specialization and Overuse Injuries in Adolescent Throwing Athletes: A Narrative Review
Authors: Zaremski Jason L. , Zeppieri Giorgio , Tripp Brady L.
Published: October 2019

A significant number of adolescent athletes throughout the world participate in various throwing-dominant sports, including but not limited to baseball, cricket, handball, softball, track and field throwing events, and water polo. Due to the unique stresses placed on the throwing arm and entire body in these sports, a robust volume of literature has highlighted concerns about sport specialization in these athletes and an associated increased risk of injury, particularly to the dominant shoulder and elbow, with sport specialization. This review will highlight the evidence-based literature for this athletic niche, focusing on risk factors for injury, national and international organizations' recommendations for limiting overuse injuries, principles of conditioning and rehabilitative programs, and potential future areas of research to curb the growing incidence of throwing-related injuries among adolescent throwing athletes.
Sport Specialization and Single-Legged–Squat Performance Among Youth Baseball and Softball Athletes
Authors: Barfield Jeff W. , Oliver Gretchen D.
Published: October 2019

Context

Previous research has indicated that throwing sports expose athletes to overuse injuries and that specialization in sport is linked to injury. However, the effect of overexposure to a throwing sport on a dynamic movement task is unknown.

Objective

To determine if sport specialization in youth throwing athletes affected performance on the single-legged squat (SLS).

Design

Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 49 youth baseball and softball athletes (23 baseball, 26 softball; age = 12.96 ± 2.32 years, height = 165.01 ± 13.05 cm, mass = 61.42 ± 13.04 kg) were recruited.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Participants were grouped into 3 categories based on specialization definitions: (1) 8 months or longer in season, (2) 8 months or longer in training, or (3) 8 months or longer in season and previously quit another sport. We measured SLS kinematics and used a set of 1-way multivariate analyses of variances to determine if trunk kinematics differed by group.

Results

Athletes who spent 8 months or more in sport-specific training exhibited significantly more trunk control, revealed by less trunk lateral flexion (Λ = 0.69, F6,38 = 2.89, P = .020) and less trunk flexion (Λ = 0.69, F6,38 = 2.88, P = .021) throughout an SLS.

Conclusions

These results agree with the principle of specific adaptation to imposed demands. Surprisingly, athletes who spent 8 months or more playing a unilateral sport showed no differences in SLS performance. Clinicians should emphasize that neuromuscular adaptations of the lumbopelvic-hip complex for dynamic movement, such as an SLS, may be achieved through training instead of strict sport participation. Future researchers should consider how much of the training protocol is actually specialized for sport training.