bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Middle Eastern Everyday Life in S.S. Kondurushkin’s Magazine Essays at Beginning of Twentieth Century
Authors: Dubrovskaya S. A. , Kirzhaeva V. P. , Vladimirova S. M.
Published: August 2021

The problem of the presentation of the Middle Eastern everyday life in the early prose of S.S. Kondurushkin (1874—1919), an active participant in the literary and social life of Russia at the turn of the XIX—XX centuries is examined in the article. On the basis of the essay cycle “From Wanderings in Syria” and other works of the early 1900s, an analysis of the methods of recreating the Middle Eastern everyday life is presented. The narrative strategies that underlie the Middle Eastern narrative of the Russian traveler are studied. This makes it possible to clarify the characteristics of the genre of the travel sketch in the general context of Russian literature at the turn of the century, which determines the scientific novelty and relevance of the article. The authors examine in detail the essays “Greeks in Palestine and Syria”, “Terra incognita”, “La Bayadere”, “Akulina in Tripoli”. The consistent change of the exposing discourse of political journal-ism to various forms of “ethnographic” narrative are substantiated in the article. The tasks set required the use of traditional methods of academic literary criticism, as well as techniques of cultural linguistics, imagology, imperial and colonial studies. A number of archival materials are introduced into scientific circulation, in particular, letters from N.K. Mikhailovsky addressed to S.S.Kondurushkin.
“Book-Life” Metaphor in Medieval Literature and Russian Literature of First Half of 19th Century
Authors: Prodanik N. V.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the semantics of the “book-life” metaphor. Variations in its lexical composition, changes in meaning are described using the material of medieval literature and Russian literature of the first half of the 19th century: on the example of N.M. Karamzin, N.M. Yazykov, P.A. Vyazemsky, A.S. Pushkin. The textual analysis carried out allows us to conclude that the most significant vital bibliometaphors for two cultural epochs were “the book-treasure of eternal life”, “book-world”, “life-edifying Scripture”; “Expense book of being”, “life is a book read a hundred times”, “novel is life”. They express a range of value judgments: in ancient Russian texts, the bibliometaphor ex-presses respectful admiration for the secrets of God’s creation. The axiological component of the vital metaphor of the 19th century is more varied: religious reverence is noticeable in it, indignation at the boredom of the “book of life,” an understanding of Life as an unfinished novel. The novelty of the conducted research lies in the fact that a spectrum of vital bibliometaphors, that nuances the meaning of the metaphor-invariant (“book-life”) is established. An appeal to the diachronic aspect makes it possible to more clearly notice the semantic shifts in the metaphorical language: in the 19th century the comprehension of fate as a “reading” of the Holy Book common to all is complemented by the metaphor of a personal “book of life”.
Soviet Poetic Underground in Critical and Scientific Coverage (First Article)
Authors: Chizhov N. S.
Published: August 2021

The results of a research of literary critical works devoted to the study of Soviet under-ground poetry in the 1960s and 70s are presented in the review article. It is shown how the process of liberation of unofficial poetic culture from the collectivist attitudes of Soviet ideology and the search by its representatives for the spiritual and moral foundations of life and creativity was highlighted in the sam- and tamizdat periodicals. Special attention in the review is payed to the reflection of uncensored criticism in relation to the problems of restoring the connection with the literary tradition of the Silver Age by nonconformist poets and the formation of new principles of artistic writing in their work. In the context of these processes, the value nature of the phenomenon of “Christian Renaissance” in underground poetry, its role in the development of modernist poetic culture in the second half of the 20th century is revealed. In the light of literary-critical reception, the concept of “cultural movement” is considered as a strategy for uniting creative forces in the literary underground, which determines the value horizons of unofficial poetry. It is substantiated that the “cultural movement” was interpreted by uncensored criticism from the standpoint of its ideological and institutional self-sufficiency, the ability to be an active subject of Russian and world culture.
“Troops without Banners”: History of 5th Infantry Corps of Russian Army during Reign of Nicholas I
Authors: Andriainen S. V.
Published: August 2021

The history of the 5th Infantry Corps of the Russian Imperial Army in 1831—1853 is considered in the article. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the entire history of the 5th Corps, from the moment of its formation to the beginning of the Crimean War, was carried out. The author notes that the 5th corps solved the widest range of problems. The question is raised that the 5th corps carried out the tasks of the strategic reserve of the Russian Empire on the southern borders. The role of corps units in construction work in the Crimea, participation in the landing forces on the Bosporus, military operations in the Caucasus and Transylvania are analyzed. The author notes that in the early 1830s the corps had a dubious reputation. In particular, the infantry regiments of the fifth corps were accused of “Polish spirit” and cowardice in the battles of the Russian-Polish war of 1830—1831. It is emphasized that the reputation of the corps in the eyes of Emperor Nicholas I was gradually improving. The author claims that since the 1840s, the 5th Corps was already a reliable army unit in the eyes of the emperor. The author argues that the involvement of the “bad reputation” corps in solving strategic problems demonstrates the limited resources of the Russian Empire in the 1830s and 1840s.
Telegraph Department as a Structural Element of Public Administration in Russia in 1865—1881
Authors: Voronov I. I.
Published: August 2021

The issue of the formation of one of the central communication management bodies of the Russian Empire — the Telegraph Department is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the features of the evolution of departments to improve the mechanism of public administration at the present stage. The author provides an overview of the views of historians on the establishment and liquidation of the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs. Particular attention is paid to the activities of the Ministers of Posts and Telegraphs I.M. Tolstoy, L.S. Makov and Director of the Telegraph Department K.K. Luders. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the author reveals and clarifies previously unknown aspects of the functioning of the Telegraph Department. New data from archival sources are introduced into scientific circulation. The results of a comparative analysis of the number and financial position of officials of the Telegraph and Post Departments are presented. It has been proved that the maintenance of the personnel of the communication structures was developing towards equalization, expressed in a decrease in salaries in the Postal Department and an increase in the Telegraph departments. The author dwells on the consideration of the privileges of officials of the Telegraph Department and the position of women employees.
France, Italy and Diplomatic End of Italo-Ethiopian War in League of Nations (May—July 1936)
Authors: Nesterova T. P.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the policy of France towards Italy and Ethiopia at the final stage of the Italo-Ethiopian war of 1935—1936 and the question of the elimination of anti-Italian sanctions in the League of Nations. It was revealed that the great powers were mainly interested in restoring normal relations with Italy, while the defense of Ethiopia’s independence was only a “moral duty” for them, and in the clash of moral factors and real politics, the real interests of states won undoubtedly. It is argued that, taking ad-vantage of France’s interest in restoring stable Franco-Italian relations, Italy actually destroyed the political agreements of early 1935 and moved on to political rapprochement with Germany, which significantly changed the entire international situation in Europe and actually opened the way for the outbreak of World War II. In addition, for France, a significant political loss was the drop in the authority of the League of Nations, due to the helplessness of this organization in the face of aggression against one of the members of the League. The study is based on publications of Soviet, French, Italian and German diplomatic documents, documents of the League of Nations, memoirs of political figures of that era, as well as un-published documents from the Archives of the German Information Bureau (Germany).
One Class of Predicates Reflecting Conceptualization of Time as a Resource
Authors: Ioanesyan E. R.
Published: August 2021

The research presented in the article was carried out within the framework of the conceptual and metaphorical theory of J. Lakoff and M. Johnson. One of the conceptual metaphors related to the conceptual metaphors of European culture is the metaphor TIME IS A LIMITED RE-SOURCE, TIME IS A VALUE. The meaning ‘to waste time’ is noted in the Russian verb to lose, French perdre, gaspiller, Spanish perder, Italian perdere, English lose, waste, misspend, squander, German verlieren, etc. Using the example of the Russian verb to lose, the classes of use of these predicates in the indicated meaning are presented in the article, as well as some features of the French and English units reflecting the specific features of the worldview of these languages are not-ed. The research is based on a large corpus of explanatory and bilingual dictionaries, data from linguistic corpuses. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that, as it has been noted by the authors of the conceptual theory of metaphor, the basic values of culture are consistent with the metaphorical structures of its basic concepts. The relevance of the study is also determined by the fact that the study of metaphorical concepts is one of the ways to reconstruct the linguistic picture of the world.
Mythological Xullyukuns in Beliefs of Yakuts (Sakha) (Expedition Materials)
Authors: Sleptsov Yu. A.
Published: August 2021

Information about the mysterious supernatural water creature “xullyukun” is summarized in the article. It is emphasized that it takes its place in the pantheon of deities among the Yakuts (Sakha) — one of the indigenous peoples in the North-East of the Russian Federation. It is noted that Russian and foreign travelers, political exiles, and research scientists wrote about the traditions, life and religion of the Yakuts (Sakha) at different times. The descriptions of the beliefs of the Yakuts (Sakha) are given, in which there are references to the water creatures “xullyukuns”. The author has reviewed the literature where the “xullyukuns” are mentioned. The version proposed by scientists is analyzed, that “xullyukun” is a blending of the ancient spirit-master of water and an evil demon, which became possible due to the fact that this image correlated with the idea of the migration of aquatic animals from water to land and back. The author of the article is critical of such judgments. The data collected by the author of the article during numerous expeditions to the north-east of Yakutia, where the old image of the creature of the pre-Christian period has been preserved, is presented. On the basis of research, the author comes to the conclusion that the image of “xullyukun” is incomparable with the devil. It has been proved that “xullyukun”, according to ancient beliefs, is a creature — the arbiter of human destinies, and the new image is associated with Christmas divination, where the influence of Christianity is seen. The author of the article shares the original sources. Information collected in the field during conversations with informants is introduced into scientific circulation.
“It is Sad that Lackeys Have Power...” (Unknown Letters from the Archive of B.V. Tomashevsky)
Authors: Nikitin O. V.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the epistolary heritage of the legendary philologist of the XX century — Professor Boris Viktorovich Tomashevsky (1890—1957) and his relations with the leading scientists in the context of historical, literary, linguistic and ideological polemics mainly of the 1930s and 1950s. The paper emphasizes the contribution of the scientist to the development of world science in the era of cultural upheavals. Special attention is paid to the publications of unknown epistles to B.V. Tomashevsky by domestic and foreign philologists: I.L. Andronikov, G.O. Vinokur, D.S. Likhachev, A. A. Reformatsky, B. Unbegaun, M. Vasmer, R. O. Jakobson. The published letters describe the situation in science of that period: they show the difficulties in working on the publication of Pushkin’s “Complete Works”, reveal the polemics around controversial issues of the theory and practice of the text, express the attitude of cor-respondents to the facts of ideological pressing on science, describe the difficulties of wartime, etc. B. V. Tomashevsky’s epistolary is also considered in the context of the role of Soviet linguistic personality in creating scientific tradition. The relevance of the study is due to the use of archival mate-rials in the paradigm of the humanities to clarify poorly studied facts of the 1930s and 1950s.
Problematization of Social Reality in Communicative Practices of Conflict Mobilization in Communities Social Networks in Germany
Authors: Rebrina L. N. , Shamne N. L.
Published: August 2021

The results of studying the subject system-communicative dimension of conflict mobilization practices in social networks in Germany in the context of mediatization of politics and postulates of successful conflict communication of the Harvard School of Conflictology are presented in the article. The spheres of social life, characterized from the perspective of observers — members of mobilization communities — as a concentration of problem situations and phenomena are determined. The fact of achieving the planned impact when problematizing fragments of social reality is confirmed by the predominance of solidarity reactions of the addressees. The conclusion is made about the predominant presentation of fragments of social reality as a threat through a direct assessment, an indication of the need for confrontation as the main task of the community, broad calls for struggle and criticism of the opponent; about the dominant reinforced presentation of the assessment to the addressee. The consequences of modern mediation in the political sphere, which are reflected in the practices of conflict mobilization, including the changing characteristics and attitudes of communicants, are described. Mobilization practices are characterized as the practice of institutionalizing protest and conflict resolution. It is shown that the studied discursive practices combine the features of different conflict resolution strategies, re-veal partial deviations from the postulates of successful conflict communication, formulated by representatives of the Harvard School of Conflictology in the concept of “Principled Negotiations”.
Word-Formation Representation of Concept FRIENDSHIP in Modern Russian
Authors: Aru A.
Published: August 2021

The features of word-formation objectification of the concept FRIENDSHIP in the Russian linguistic picture of the world are considered. The research focuses on the structure and semantics of words that form a word-formation nest with apex “friend” in Russian. It was found that the word-formative nest with the top “friend” in Russian includes 53 words. The question is raised about the verification and clarification of the cognitive features of the “Friendship” concept identified at the previous stages of the analysis. It is shown that substantive derivatives embody in conceptual block I “friendship as a feeling and attitude” such new cognitive features as “uniting someone based on friendship, unity of views, interests; cooperationʼ and friendly, benevolent attitude towards someoneʼ, and in conceptual block II the subject of friendshipʼ — such new cognitive features as ʽthe subject of marital relations (only for females)ʼ, ʽthe object that is paired with another object, forming together whole. The analysis of verb derivatives revealed a new cognitive feature for conceptual block III “friendship as a process” is a cognitive feature “to render a friendly service, to serve”. The analysis of adjective and adverbi-al derivatives helped to substantiate the need to introduce into consideration a new conceptual block IV — “quality, property, feature, characteristic of attitude / feeling of friend-ship”, in which 9 new cognitive features were found.
Domestic Credit and the Balance of Payment Deficit: Evidence from a Heterogeneous Panel of Five Selected Mena Countries
Authors: Ghilous Azeddine , Ziat Adel
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the relationship between domestic credit and net foreign assets in the long run through the monetary approach to the balance of payments (MABP) for a panel of five selected MENA countries (Jordan, Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) during the period extending from 1980 to 2019. It employed the second-generation methods in panel data analysis to deal with cross-sectional dependence (CSD) and slope heterogeneity. According to the panel results for Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimators, domestic credit has a significant negative impact on net foreign assets in the long run. The country-specific results for the AMG estimator strongly supported the MABP propositions in Jordan, Morocco, and to a lesser extent, in Egypt and Algeria. As for Tunisia, the results do not conform with what MABP predicted. The implicit conclusion is that an increase in domestic credit causes a continuous loss of net foreign assets in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Algeria. Thus, monetary authorities should formulate an appropriate monetary policy to control the domestic credit creation as a mechanism toward improving the balance of payment (BOP) position. Furthermore, the policymakers should concentrate on other policy instruments to correct the BOP deficit rather than focusing on monetary tools, especially in Tunisia, where the findings showed that BOP was not a monetary phenomenon.
Structure andmovement analysis of Russian depositary receipts issuers
Authors: ZUBKOVA O.
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматриваются котировки депозитарных расписок, выпущенных российскими компаниями. Определяется тенденция, динамика и закономерность данного показателя по отраслям. В конце статьи автор анализирует полученные в результате исследования данные.
Internal Factors in the Formation of Foreign Policy of Arab States
Authors: DEMCHENKO A. V.
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматривается процесс принятия внешнеполитических решений в арабских странах с учетом особенностей их политических систем. Проанализирована роль глав государств, правительств, парламента и министерства иностранных дел и различных советов, а также конституционно-правовое регулирование внешней политики. Содержатся оценки влияния составляющих традиционного общества (исламской религии, племен, кланов), идентичности (исламской, арабской, региональной, национальной) на процесс формирования внешнеполитического курса. Автор отмечает, что главным лицом, принимающим решения в арабских государствах, является глава страны, который формирует внешнюю политику, прибегая к неофициальным консультациям с представителями правящей элиты.
Internal Factors in the Formation of Foreign Policy in Iran and Turkey
Authors: DRUZHILOVSKY S. B.
Published: August 2021

статье рассматриваются важнейшие этапы в истории Ирана и Турции через призму воздействия происходивших в них внутриполитических событий на формирование и проведение внешнеполитических курсов этих стран. Автор исследует важнейшие факторы, влияющие на формирование внешнеполитической стратегии Ирана и Турции, и приходит к выводу, что, несмотря на различия в государственном устройстве, в каждой из этих стран имеется много центров, участвующих в принятии внешнеполитических решений. Однако в силу особенностей общественного и исторического развития Ирана и Турции центры влияния в них имеют существенные различия, специфика которых подробно исследуется в представленной работе.
Internal Factors of Foreign Policy Process in Thailand
Authors: KOLDUNOVA E. V.
Published: August 2021

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Judaism and human rights
Authors: ILIEV. R. L.
Published: August 2021

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The Nuclear Problem of Iran: choices possible
Authors: MIZIN V. I.
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена одной из наиболее актуальных тем современной мировой политики - проблеме ядерной программы Ирана. В ней отмечается фактический провал усилий международного сообщества по налаживанию полномасштабного и безупречного общения этой страны с МАГАТЭ и СБ ООН, неспособность «восьмерки» и специальной группы шести стран по иранской ядерной проблеме предложить адекватные рабочие схемы, которые бы устранили опасения среди экспертов и политиков в отношении возможного обхода иранской стороной системы гарантий МАГАТЭ и перехода в будущем к созданию собственного ядерного оружейного потенциала. В статье предлагается одна из возможных схем предотвращения такого развития событий - через создание на территории Ирана своего рода международного консорциума по реализации инициативы о международном ядерном топливном цикле. Это поставило бы полностью легитимную в принципе с точки зрения норм Договора о нераспространении ядерного оружия ядерную программу Тегерана под более плотный международный контроль и предотвратило появление государства с ракетно-ядерным потенциалом на южных рубежах России.
History of the Soviet-Finnish war in the Russian historiography (on the seventieth anniversary of the ending of the Soviet-Finnish war)
Authors: NIKIFOROV Y. A. , SUBHANKULOV R.
Published: August 2021

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Concept of Common Ideological Space between Russia and the European Union
Authors: BARABANOV O. N. , KLIMENKO A. I.
Published: August 2021

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Contribution of Russia to regional cooperation in the sphere of security in Central Asia
Authors: CHERNIYAVSKY S. I.
Published: August 2021

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Afghanistan in the focus
Authors: UMNOV A. Y.
Published: August 2021

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The Formation of the communicational tolerance: the manifestations and factors
Authors: TEMNITSKIY A. L.
Published: August 2021

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About the terminology in Spanish
Authors: ROMANOVA G. S.
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматривается история и современное состояние терминологии в испанском языке Краткий обзор показывает состояние с испаноязычной теминологией в Испании и других испаноязычных странах. Анализируются основные способы формирования терминослов и проблемы создания терминосистем в условиях информационного общества. В заключение даются некоторые рекомендации по формированию переводческих компетенций при обучении испанскому языку для профессиональных целей.
Russia and Spain in the mirror of journalistic discourse: metaphors and stereotypes
Authors: LARIONOVA M. V.
Published: August 2021

В условиях современного информационного общества СМИ играют ведущую роль в формировании и закреплении в сознании национальных стереотипов как особых концептуальных образований, содержащих устойчивые мнения, суждения о какой-либо нации. Газетно-публицистический дискурс, активно тиражируя используемые журналистами этностереотипы, не только отражает специфику национального сознания, но и способствует усилению прагматического воздействия текстов политической коммуникации на существующую в сознании читателей картину мира. В статье на примере сложившихся представлений о России и Испании рассматриваются процессы моделирования с помощью стереотипов и метафор образа одной нации в ментальном пространстве носителей иной лингвокультуры. Marina V. Larionova Russia and Spain in the mirror of journalistic discourse: metaphors and stereotypes In the information-oriented society mass media accomplish a key mission creating and consolidating in human minds national stereotypes defined as specific conceptual formations which contain established opinions, judgements referring to any nation. The journalistic discourse, actively multiplicating ethno stereotypes used by the press, not only reflects specifics of national consciousness, but also promotes pragmatic influence of texts of political communication on the reader's conceptual anticipation of the world. Using the example of traditional stereotypes of Russia and Spain, the article examines the process of modelling by means of stereotypes and conceptual metaphors of the image of one nation in the mentality of the bearers of another national idiomatic culture.
The sources and the essence of the basque conflict in Spain
Authors: ANIKEEVA N. E.
Published: August 2021

THE SOURCES AND THE ESSENCE OF THE BASQUE CONFLICT IN SPAIN Today many states have to take into consideration the factor of terrorism while formulating their domestic policy. Spain is one of such states which had to deal with modern manifestation of the problem of terrorism in the history of its social development. In this connection it is necessary to analyze the sources and the essence of the basque conflict in Spain. By the basque conflict we mean that basque nationalists are carrying on struggle for winning complete independence from Spain both peacefully and using terror tactiсs.
The development of international cooperation to counter organized crime: the choice of values of the international communit
Authors: Efimova A. I.
Published: August 2021

Транснациональная организованная преступность в XXI веке представляет глобальную проблему в связи с вызовами международной безопасности и развития. Эта проблема требует комплексного ответа со стороны международного сообщества. Мир без преступности является одним из ценностных ориентиров человеческого развития в условиях глобализации. Конвенция ООН против транснациональной организованной преступности (2000 г.) предложила механизмы по предупреждению и борьбе с транснациональными преступлениями, сформировала принципы универсального понимания криминальных угроз и императивов их преодоления на многосторонней основе. Summary: Transnational organized crime in the 21stcentury constitutes a global threat to international security and development, thus entailing a multifaceted respond from the international community. The world without crime has become a crucial value of the mankind development agenda within logic of globalization. The UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) has provided a framework for international cooperation, formulated principles of universal understanding of criminal threats and importance of combatting them on a multilateral basis.
Russia — Abkhazia: History and Modernity
Authors: Shamba S. M.
Published: August 2021

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Spatial and temporal criterions of the GUERRA concept
Authors: Murzin Y. P.
Published: August 2021

В статье в рамках семантико-когнитивного подхода, на основании положений о семантической валентности существительных и прилагательных, посредством синтагматического и комбинаторного анализа рассматриваются пространственные и временные когнитивные признаки концепта GUERRA, объективируемые в испанской языковой картине мира прилагательными и сочетаниями предлог de + существительное, сочетающимися с лексемой «guerra».
More effective investing policy of Azerbaijan as the factor of more effective realization of the programs of sustainable development of the regions
Authors: Suleimanov V. E.
Published: August 2021

В статье исследуются основные черты современной инвестиционной политики азербайджанского государства. Рассматривается ее воздействие на реализацию государственных программ устойчивого развития регионов республики. Выделены наиболее эффективные механизмы государственной инвестиционной политики, позволяющие республике снизить риски кризисных факторов в экономике. Предлагаются возможные направления повышения эффективности инвестиционной политики. Summary The article deals with the main features of the modern investment policy of the Azerbaijani state and considers its impact on the implementation of state programs for the sustainable development of regions of the republic. The most effective mechanisms for public investment policy, allowing the country to reduce the risks of crisis factors in the economy have been selected. Possible directions for improving the investment policy have also been suggested here.
The concept of outsourcing the business activities of the University
Authors: Tabulov M. F.
Published: August 2021

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Life after the crisis: ways of transformation of Japan’s economic model
Authors: Timonina I. L.
Published: August 2021

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China: Anti-Crisis Development
Authors: Karlusov V. V.
Published: August 2021

В статье на примере Китая рассмотрены вызовы продолжающегося мирового кризиса для национальных экономик. В этом контексте проанализированы планы и эволюция социально-экономической политики Китая в краткосрочном периоде, модернизация реального и финансового секторов его экономики как антикризисные факторы; дана ретроспективная сопоставительная оценка экономической динамики, темпов и перспектив роста ВВП и некоторых других макроэкономических и социальных показателей, а также блока конкретных мер, предпринимаемых правительством КНР, по борьбе с кризисом. В итоге сформулированы выводы, имеющие значимость как для Китая, так и для других переходных и экономик с формирующимися рынками, включая российскую.
Approaching the Enigma: Barack Obama and Reinhold Niebuhr’s Ethical Realism
Authors: Timofeev I. N.
Published: August 2021

В статье проводится анализ доктринальных и политико-философских оснований внешней политики Барака Обамы сквозь призму интеллектуального наследия Рейнхольда Нибура, который считается ключевым интеллектуальным авторитетом американского президента. Основной тезис статьи: Барак Обама вполне может вернуть американскую внешнюю политику в реалистическое русло, даже несмотря на то, что он представляется более мягким лидером по сравнению со своим предшественником. Если Буш-младший казался реалистом, то внешне более гибкий Обама, становится реалистом по существу, не выставляя американскую мощь напоказ, а опираясь на дипломатию, коалиционную игру и политику компромиссов, при этом последовательно отстаивая национальные интересы США. Нормативная позиция Рейнхольда Нибура играет заметную роль в международной политике Обамы, аргументации и легитимации его намерений и решений.
Crisis of conventional arms control in Europe — the fate of the Treaty on conventional weapons
Authors: Zagorsky A. V.
Published: August 2021

Договор об обычных вооруженных силах в Европе (ДОВСЕ) был подписан в ноябре 1990 года государствами-членами НАТО и тогда еще не распавшейся Организации Варшавс- кого договора (ОВД). Нейтральные и неприсоеди- нившиеся участники Совещания по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе (СБСЕ, с 1995 года - ОБСЕ) в нем не участвовали, а сам Договор носил закрытый характер. Присоединение к нему государств, не вхо- дивших тогда в НАТО и ОВД, не предполагалось. Это обстоятельство важно для понимания современных дискуссий относительно контроля над обычными вооруженными силами в Европе.
Small Arms and Light Weapons: new round of contradictions
Authors: Orlov A. A.
Published: August 2021

Пару десятилетий тому назад Фрэнсис Фукуяма предрек «конец истории», и ошибся. Именно в те годы история, образно говоря, начинала свой новый отсчет, но несколько в ином направле- нии, чем виделось американскому ученому. Это стало заметно не сразу, но сути дела этого не меняло. Пер- выми «ласточками» новой реальности стали много- численные региональные и локальные конфликты, как снег на голову обрушившиеся на до этого вполне благополучные народы, в том числе и европейские, начавшие забывать после Второй мировой войны о том, что жизнь может быть другой. Значительно воз- росло число конфликтов и в так называемом «третьем мире», где конец биполярного противостояния был воспринят на уровне местных противоборствующих элит как сигнал к вседозволенности и анархии. Целые регионы мира оказались «наводненны- ми» легким и стрелковым оружием (ЛСО), которое стало наиболее применимым видом вооружений в 47 из 49 региональных и локальных конфликтах 90-х годов прошлого века. Другим следствием резко уси- лившейся региональной и локальной нестабильнос- ти стал невиданный прежде рост организованной преступности, которая также является активным потребителем ЛСО.
Force of appeal: use of the «soft power» in world politics
Authors: Panova E. P.
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматривается проблема практического использования «мягкой власти» на международной арене. В основу работы положены исследования американского ученого Дж. Ная. Основной вопрос - что такое «привлекательность» в мировой политике, недостаточно проработанный Дж. Наем. Используя исследования конструктивистов, автор показывает, как создается привлекательность в мировой политике, обнаруживая, что речь идет отчасти о принуждении и манипулировании. В статье разбираются некоторые примеры использования инструментов «мягкой власти» различными государствами, в том числе Россией, а также рассматривается их эффективность с точки зрения достижения поставленных целей.
History and current state of science policy paradigms
Authors: Konnov V. I.
Published: August 2021

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Israel and the Two-State Solution of Middle-East Conflict
Authors: Skosyrev A. V.
Published: August 2021

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Israel-Iran: balancing on the brink?
Authors: Zvyagelskaya I. D. , Morozov V. M.
Published: August 2021

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Turkey’s National Energy Strategy: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Eken E.
Published: August 2021

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Oil Industry in Russia and in the Arab World: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Isaev V. A.
Published: August 2021

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Problems of Managing an Economic Reform in the GCC* states
Authors: Gukasian G. L.
Published: August 2021

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Near East Population Forecast up to 2050 and Water Supply
Authors: Akimov A. V.
Published: August 2021

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National Top-Level Domains: Symbols of State Borders and of Borderless Possibilities
Authors: Barinova D. S.
Published: August 2021

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American Approaches to the European Post-war Settlement in the Light of Relations with the Soviet Union in 1943-1945
Authors: Myagkhov M. Y.
Published: August 2021

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WOCMES-3: Dialogue of Civilizations in Progress
Authors: Fedorchenko A. V.
Published: August 2021

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The USSR and the Allies' Forthcoming Victory in the War
Authors: Arzakanian M. T.
Published: August 2021

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TheimageoftheUSSRinItaly(1944–1947)
Authors: Zonova T. V.
Published: August 2021

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Model Predictive Control of a Double Effect Evaporator Via Simulation
Authors: Ahmed Duraid Fadhil , Abed Ihal A.
Published: August 2021

This paper is a study of the dynamic behavior of the double effect evaporator on the basis of energy and material balance under unsteady state conditions inside the evaporator. The simulation process was based on a model for the intensification of tomato juice. The mathematical model was used to study the effect of operational conditions, namely, the temperature of the feed, the flow rate of the feed, and the feed concentration. The dynamic behavior of the open system was studied by measuring the temperature response of the evaporators to the change of the staging function in the temperature of the feed, the feed flow rate and the feed concentration in the rate of (±10%, ±20%).The proportional-integral-derivative and model predictive controllers were applied to solve the difficult problem by determining the best operational conditions and avoid a sharp increase in temperature. Two methods are tested to control a wide range of operating conditions and simulation results show that there is good accuracy. The MPC controller is more accurate than the PID control and faster to reach the constant value.
The Assessment of Using CFRP to Enhance the Behavior of High Strength Reinforced Concrete Corbels
Authors: Abdulrahman Mazin B. , Salih Shakir A. , Abduljabbar Rusul J.
Published: August 2021

In this research, an experimental study is conducted to investigate the behavior and strength of high strength reinforced concrete corbels externally bonded with CFRP fabric sheets and Plates with different patterns taking into account the effect of adopted variables in enhancing the ultimate strength; the effect of shear span to effective depth (a/d), configuration, type and amount of bonding. Eleven high strength reinforced corbels were cast and tested under vertical loads. Test results showed there was an improvement in the behavior and load carrying capacity of all strengthened corbels. An increasing in the ultimate strength of strengthened corbel by inclined CFRP strips reached to (92.1%) while the increasing reached to (84.21%) for using one horizontal CFRP Plates compared to un-strengthened reference specimen. Also, it can be conducted that the increase of (a/d) ratio from (0.6 to 0.8) resulted in decreasing by 21.05% in ultimate load capacity of corbels and from (0.4 to 0.6) by 31.25% and 58.69% in cracking and ultimate loads respectively.
Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Plates under Pure Torsion
Authors: Ibraheem Omer F. , Mukhlif Osama A.
Published: August 2021

The behavior of reinforced concrete members under torsional loading has interested many researchers during the last decades. These researches focused mainly on the response of reinforced concrete beams at different reinforcement conditions and the size effects. On the other hand, the behavior of concrete plates or slabs has not been investigated clearly under pure and/or combined torsional loading. In the present study, nine reinforced concrete plates were prepared and tested under pure torsion. Effect of steel reinforcement ratio and size change was studied and they have a great effect on the plated strength, capacity, stiffness and ductility. As stated by torsion theories of reinforced concrete beams, the torsional strength of slabs was upgraded also with increasing in cross section and transverse reinforcement ratio.
Mobility and differentiation as the categories of social inequality
Authors: Viktorov Alexander Shagenovich
Published: August 2021

The contradictory process of global changes in modern world, associated with the rapid growth of social inequality, has turned it into one of the most relevant problems, the solution of which affects the vector of social development. This necessitates the development of new approaches towards cognition, since the existing liberal ideologeme of knowledge does not fully correspond to its adequate solution. The goal of this research consists in the development of a new conceptual approach towards studying the phenomenon of inequality through the prism of such phenomena as mobility and differentiation. Methodological framework is comprised of the theoretical analysis of special scientific literature and practical materials of foreign and Russian authors. The conducted analysis allowed acquiring the following results: one of the versions of the new approach towards cognition of inequality is the theoretical development of the concepts “mobility” and “differentiation” as the categories of social inequality; the concept of “social mobility” reveals the mechanisms of the emrgence of new forms of inequality; the concept of “social differentiation” determines the essence of inequality through the internal stratification of people in one or another society, which is substantiated by their different social activity.
Grundlagen der Arbeitspädagogik
Authors: Schelten Andreas
Published: August 2021

Der Wandel der Arbeitswelt im Hinblick auf Komplexität, Ganzheitlichkeit und Gestaltung der Arbeit führt zu neuen Kompetenzen. Die betriebliche und schulische Aus- und Weiterbildung müssen heute neue Wege bei der Förderung von Kompetenzen gehen. Die Arbeitspädagogik untersucht unter diesem Gesichtspunkt den Zusammenhang von Arbeiten und Lernen. Die Voraussetzungen, Prozesse und Ergebnisse aktuellen Arbeitslernens werden geklärt. In diesem Lehr- und Studienbuch wird erziehungswissenschaftlich die Arbeitspädagogik aufgearbeitet. Neue Perspektiven werden aufgezeigt. Das E-Book ist mit vielfältigen praktischen Beispielen versehen. Jedes Kapitel schließt zur Erleichterung der Durcharbeit mit einer Zusammenfassung, einer Aufzählung wichtiger Begriffe und Konzepte, Studienliteraturangaben und zumeist einer Übungsaufgabe ab, um das Gelesene zu reflektieren und mit einer praktischen Umsetzung zu verknüpfen.
Inibidores de Bomba de Prótons: vantagens e desvantagens do uso prolongado
Authors: Araújo Ludimilla Santos , Araujo Beatriz Moura , Guimarães Carolina Siqueira , Fróes Danielle Naara Silva , Maia Elen Carolina Silva , Hoffmann Gabriela , Kinsler Jennifer Nicole Padua , Oliveira Tamara Ribeiro de , Oliveira Túlio Ribeiro de , Leite Nestor Augusto Avelino
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Descrever as principais indicações, bem como as possíveis desvantagens do uso prolongado dos Inibidores de Bomba de Prótons (IBPs), a partir de uma revisão narrativa da literatura atual. Revisão Bibliográfica: Os IBPs são fármacos que levam ao bloqueio da secreção gástrica, com a finalidade de aumentar o pH do suco gástrico, através da inibição da enzima H+/K+-ATPase. Dessa forma, os IBPs são considerados eficazes, desde que ingeridos da forma correta, em tratamentos de distúrbios gastrointestinais, como a úlcera péptica. O uso prolongado desses inibidores sem reavaliação médica contribui para o surgimento de efeitos adversos, bem como aumentar o risco de dependência, podendo levar, também, à Síndrome de Zollinger-Ellison (ZES) ou também chamada de hipergastrinemia, além de interações farmacocinéticas e polifarmácia. Considerações finais: Não há dúvidas acerca da eficácia dos IBPs no tratamento e prevenção de distúrbios gástricos. Entretanto, sua elevada prevalência de uso reforça a importância do manejo adequado e reavaliação médica, incluindo a desprescrição quando não houver indicação para o uso, de forma a reduzir a ocorrência dos efeitos adversos relacionados ao uso desse fármaco a longo prazo.
Fatores de risco e comorbidades associados aos casos de tuberculose notificados no município de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Cunha João Pedro Arantes da , Marques Ana Maria Campos , Lemos Rachel Carvalho , Kowalski Paloma Almeida , Freitas Thiago Vilela de , Cavalcante Emily Ruiz , Campos Rafael Vilela de
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Estimar a incidência e descrever as comorbidades de todos os casos de tuberculose notificados ao Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) do município de Campo Grande/MS. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal de dados secundários que analisou todos os 2806 casos notificados ao Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação no município de Campo Grande/MS, período de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2019. Resultados: A taxa de incidência no município variou no período de 31,56 a 51,42 casos/100 mil habitantes. Observou-se predomínio no sexo masculino (80,3%). Quanto às comorbidades, 70,5% apresentaram pelo menos uma. O tabagismo foi o agravo mais prevalente (27%), seguido pelo uso de substâncias psicoativas, álcool e coinfecção pelo vírus HIV/Aids (13,8%). O diabetes foi a doença menos prevalente com 5,4%, o que difere das taxas nacionais. A modalidade de Tratamento Diretamente Observado foi realizada em 3,8% dos casos, taxa muito inferior a nacional. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se a possível ocorrência de atraso do diagnóstico. Um terço dos casos de tuberculose foram diagnosticados nos hospitais. O coeficiente de incidência no município foi superior ao do estado e do Brasil, principalmente nos anos d e108 e 2019, com uma taxa de incidência de 51,42 e 41,6, respectivamente.
Plantar Pressure Distribution during Standing in Female Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis Who Underwent Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors:   Masuhara Clinic, Tenmabashi, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan, M Miura , K Nagai ,   Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan, K Tagomori ,   Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan, H Ikutomo ,   Masuhara Clinic, Tenmabashi, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan, K Okamura ,   Masuhara Clinic, Tenmabashi, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan, T Okuno ,   Masuhara Clinic, Tenmabashi, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan, A Yanamoto ,   Masuhara Clinic, Tenmabashi, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan, N Nakagawa ,   Masuhara Clinic, Tenmabashi, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan, K Masuhara ,   Masuhara Clinic, Tenmabashi, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Assessment of plantar pressure indicates the manner in which the plantar region contacts the ground as the first point in a leg-linked kinetic chain, and receives force from the ground. However, few studies have examined the changes in plantar pressure distribution in patients who underwent Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) before and after THA, or compared plantar pressure distribution between THA patients and healthy adults. Objective: Plantar pressure distribution in patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis who undergo THA may be adjusted to that in healthy adults by correcting leg length discrepancy. Herein, our objective was to find out if the plantar pressure distribution during standing differs before and after THA, and between healthy adults and THA patients. Design: Case control study. Setting: Single orthopedic clinic in Japan. Participants: THA patients (n=58; THA group) and healthy adults (n=53; control group). Interventions: Not applicable. Main outcome measure(s): The maximum plantar pressure under each foot measured during standing for 20 s was assessed for location, symmetry, and leg length discrepancy. Results: The distribution plantar pressure in the THA group differed preand postoperatively. The maximum plantar pressure region was the heel in approximately 80% of the patients three months after THA; it was not different in THA patients three months postoperatively and in healthy adults. Patients with asymmetrical maximum plantar pressure regions were those whose postoperative maximum plantar pressure region in the affected leg was the forefoot and those whose maximum plantar pressure region in the affected leg shifted to the heel. The leg length discrepancies decreased significantly after THA. Conclusions: The plantar pressure distribution during standing in female patients adjusted to that in healthy adults after THA. Patients with asymmetrical distribution of maximum plantar pressure may benefit from balance assessment and physical therapy.
Clinical tasks
Authors: Kholodova I. N.
Published: August 2021

The column is written by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor I.N. Kholodova, G.N. Speransky Department of Pediatrics, Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia
The use of decongestants in children in otorhinolaryngological practice
Authors: Egorova Olga A.
Published: August 2021

The data about the prevalence of ENT organ diseases in children and the necessity of prescription of nasal forms of vasoconstrictors (decongestants) are presented. A review of the data about the mechanism of action of decongestants, safety and evidence base of their effectiveness in treatment of otorhinolaryngological diseases is presented. It is concluded that decongestants with a higher safety level are chosen a modern combined preparation containing antihistamine (dimethinden) and vasoconstrictor (phenylephrine) components.