bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Analysis of HSDB System and Evaluation of Boundary Non-linearity through Experiments
Authors: Chandrakar K. , Venkateshwara Rao P.L. , Rajendran P. , Satyanarayana C.
Published: May 2016

This paper deals with mechanical design and development of high speed digital board (HSDB) system which consists of printed circuit board (PCB) with all electronic components packaged inside the cavity for military application. The military environment poses a variety of extreme dynamic loading conditions, namely, quasi static, vibration, shock and acoustic loads that can seriously degrade or even cause failure of electronics. The vibrational requirement for the HSDB system is that the natural frequency should be more than 200 Hz and sustain power spectrum density of 14.8 Grms in the overall spectrum. Structural integrity of HSDB is studied in detail using finite element analysis (FEA) tool against the dynamic loads and configured the system. Experimental vibration tests are conducted on HSDB with the help of vibration shaker and validated the FE results. The natural frequency and maximum acceleration response computed from vibration tests for the configured design were found. The finite element results show a good correlation with the experiment results for the same boundary conditions. In case of fitment scenario of HSDB system, it is observed that the influence of boundary non-linearity during experiments. This influence of boundary non-linearity is evaluated to obtain the closeout of random vibration simulation results.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Thermal Ignition of a Phase Changing Energetic Material
Authors: Shukla Priyanka , Deepu M.
Published: May 2016

Fortuitous exposure to high temperatures initiates reaction in energetic materials and possibilities of such event are of great concern in terms of the safe and controlled usage of explosive devices. Experimental and numerical investigations on time to explosion and location of ignition of a phase changing polymer bonded explosive material (80 per cent RDX and 20 per cent binder), contained in a metallic confinement subjected to controlled temperature build-up on its surface, are presented. An experimental setup was developed in which the polymer bonded explosive material filled in a cylindrical confinement was provided with a precise control of surface heating rate. Temperature at various radial locations was monitored till ignition. A computational model for solving two dimensional unsteady heat transfer with phase change and heat generation due to multi-step chemical reaction was developed. This model was implemented using a custom field function in the framework of a finite volume method based standard commercial solver. Numerical study could simulate the transient heat conduction, the melting pattern of the explosive within the charge and also the thermal runaway. Computed values of temperature evolution at various radial locations and the time to ignition were closely agreeing with those measured in experiment. Results are helpful both in predicting the possibility of thermal ignition during accidents as well as for the design of safety systems.
Causes and Effects of Adverse Events During Water Supply and Sewerage System Constructions
Authors: Rybka I. , Bondar-Nowakowska E. , Połoński M.
Published: May 2016

This paper identifies the adverse events occurring during the execution of water supply and sewerage systems construction. The basis for this paper is research conducted in 2010-2014 on the construction sites of water supply and sewerage systems located in the provinces of Lower Silesia and Opole. The research consisted of direct observations of construction sites and review of construction documentation. It showed that work stoppages on the examined construction sites were frequent. They were caused by violations of work discipline by the production employees, adverse weather conditions, and defects in the project documentation. The study demonstrated that in almost every case, these bad an adverse effect on the completion date and budget of the investment. The analyses show that in such important and expensive investments as water supply and sewerage systems, organizational structures in which a special role is assigned to middle-rank personnel should be adopted.
Does using the ecosystem services concept provoke the risk of assigning virtual prices instead of real values to nature? Some reflections on the benefit of ecosystem services for planning and policy consulting
Authors: Fürst Christine
Published: May 2016

This forum article intends to discuss the question if using the ecosystem services concept in planning, management and decision-making can impair nature conservation objectives by hiding the intrinsic values of nature through overemphasizing monetary aspects in environmental assessments. The conclusion is drawn that using ecosystem services in a holistic social-ecological system understanding would help to overcome justified criticisms of a too narrow perspective on the real values of nature.

The article is referring to and reflecting some thoughts and criticism of “Concerns about the use of ES as a tool for nature conservation: From misleading concepts to providing a price for nature, but not a value” by Morelli and Moller (2015).
The Coming of Age of the Lutheran Congregation in Early Modern Amsterdam
Authors: Hiebsch Sabine
Published: May 2016

Contrary to most of the German Lands of the Empire, Lutherans in the Low Countries were a religious minority. In order to establish a congregation in the nascent Dutch republic the Amsterdam Lutherans had to manoeuver between a non-Lutheran authority, the public Reformed Church with the most rights and the highest visibility and other religious minorities. This article describes the influencing factors that helped the Lutherans in this ongoing dynamic and vulnerable process of negotiation. It shows how experiences made by the first generations of Dutch Lutherans in Antwerp were important for the choice to start as a house church. It further explores the international connections of the Amsterdam Lutherans, especially with Scandinavia, that eventually made it possible for them to own two big, publicly visible churches, while still being a religious minority.
The Council of Trent and the Residence of Bishops in the Diocese of Cape Verde (1553–1705)
Authors: Pereira Jairzinho Lopes
Published: May 2016

The Council of Trent (1545–1563) regarded the reform of the episcopate as the cornerstone of the Catholic Reformation. Hence the Conciliar Fathers put emphasis on the much neglected duty of residence of bishops. To ensure compliance, the Roman Catholic Church relied heavily on Christian monarchs, patrons of the Churches in the territories under their jurisdiction. The present study analyses to what extent the Tridentine decree on the residence of bishops was enforced in the diocese of Cape Verde (under Portuguese control) between 1553 and 1705. The hypothesis of this study can be stated simply: despite the efforts to enforce the residence of bishops in Cape Verde, the socio-economic limitations of the diocese as well as political and administrative constraints in Portugal significantly hampered the authorities in their effort to enforce long-term residence in that overseas diocese.
Crystal structure of poly[bis(μ2-4-(3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)benzoato-κ3
N:O,O′)-lead(II)], C28H18O4N8Pb
Authors: Chen Shi-Jun , Li Lei , Liu Bao-Wei , Ji Ke-Zhi , Xia Xiao-Dong , Mu Kai , Liu Wei
Published: May 2016

C28H18O4N8Pb, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.4277(16) Å, b = 10.9506(18) Å, c = 12.689(2) Å, α = 86.356(2)°, β = 76.565(2)°, γ = 89.669(2)°, V = 1271.5(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0295, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0808, T = 293(2) K.
Flying Eyes and Hidden Controllers: A Qualitative Study of People’s Privacy Perceptions of Civilian Drones in The US
Authors: Wang Yang , Xia Huichuan , Yao Yaxing , Huang Yun
Published: May 2016

Drones are unmanned aircraft controlled remotely or operated autonomously. While the extant literature suggests that drones can in principle invade people’s privacy, little is known about how people actually think about drones. Drawing from a series of in-depth interviews conducted in the United States, we provide a novel and rich account of people’s privacy perceptions of drones for civilian uses both in general and under specific usage scenarios. Our informants raised both physical and information privacy issues against government, organization and individual use of drones. Informants’ reasoning about the acceptance of drone use was in part based on whether the drone is operating in a public or private space. However, our informants differed significantly in their definitions of public and private spaces. While our informants’ privacy concerns such as surveillance, data collection and sharing have been raised for other tracking technologies such as camera phones and closed-circuit television (CCTV), our interviews highlight two heightened issues of drones: (1) powerful yet inconspicuous data collection, (2) hidden and inaccessible drone controllers. These two aspects of drones render some of people’s existing privacy practices futile (e.g., notice recording and ask controllers to stop or delete the recording). Some informants demanded notifications of drones near them and expected drone controllers asking for their explicit permissions before recording. We discuss implications for future privacy-enhancing drone designs.
Reconsidering Animal Phylogeny: Tree-Thinking
Authors: Offner Susan
Published: May 2016

New phylogenomic methods have made it possible to obtain a robust phylogenetic tree of the animal kingdom. The resulting tree confirms much of what was already known but also contains some nice surprises.
Rethinking Tree-Thinking: Cladograms, Ancestors & Evidence
Authors: Brower Andrew V. Z.
Published: May 2016

I offer comments on two recent articles in The American Biology Teacher by Davenport and colleagues addressing the interpretation and construction of phylogenetic trees. The “tree-thinking” literature suggests that students need to acquire a clear understanding of the meaning of phylogenetic tree diagrams. To this end, I provide clarifications of terminology and address the problematical status of “ancestors.” Cladograms are not genealogies viewed from a distance, but empirical hypotheses of relationship based on the distribution of shared derived character states. I describe an exercise employed in an introductory systematics course that emphasizes the empirical activities of character delimitation and formation of groups based on those characters.
Engaging Undergraduates in the Scientific Process: Exploring Invertebrate Endocrine Disruption
Authors: Layton Scott , Belden Jason
Published: May 2016

Engaging students in the process of science to increase learning and critical thinking has become a key emphasis in undergraduate education. Introducing environmental topics, such as the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, into undergraduate courses offers a new means to increase student engagement. Daphnia magna can serve as a model organism for endocrine disruption, and its ease of handling, rapid reproduction rate, and clearly defined endpoints make it useful in short-term, student research projects. The concept of endocrine disruption can be tested through a 21-day reproductive study of D. magna exposed to varying concentrations of the pesticide fenoxycarb. Students will observe an altered reproduction rate and increased production of males under conditions that would typically result only in the production of female offspring. This research system allows students to formulate hypotheses, set up experiments, analyze data, and present results, leading to a greater appreciation of and interest in science.
Investigating the Surface Area to Volume Ratio (S/V) in Bergmann's Rule
Authors: Ray Darrell Lynn
Published: May 2016

Students are almost universally interested in animals, and especially endotherms, including mammals and birds. According to Bergmann's rule, endotherms that live in colder climates at higher latitudes are larger than those living in warmer climates. As with most biological principles, hands-on investigation will provide a better understanding of why size is important in endotherm thermal regulation. One easily observable aspect of this principle is that larger organisms have a lower ratio of body surface area to total body volume. This affects how efficiently they can retain or radiate heat, which can be easily tested in the laboratory using commonly available materials. In this activity, simple models of endotherms of different sizes are used to assess the effects of body size on heat loss.
EMPRESA VERDE: DIAGNOSTICO DE LA NECESIDAD DE UN MODELO // GREEN COMPANY BREAKDOWN OF NECESSITY OF A MODEL // REPARTIÇÃO DA EMPRESA VERDE DA NECESSIDADE DE UM MODELO
Authors: Pérez Luis Alfonso , Garzón Manuel Alfonso , Ibarra Manuel Alberto
Published: May 2016

Este artículo tiene como objetivo diagnosticar la necesidad de un modelo de código de ética sostenible o de empresa verde y sensibilizar a los empresarios de las Pymes de la importancia que tiene el integrar en el modelo empresarial al medio ambiente y al desarrollo social en los procesos de negocios y proporcionar herramientas necesarias para que se implemente este enfoque sostenible en las pequeñas y medianas empresa de América Latina. Se desarrolló un trabajo de fuentes primarias de investigación aplicando un cuestionario estructurado a una muestra representativa de los Directivos y Dueños de las Agencias de Viajes de la Asociación Mexicana de Agencias de Viajes (AMAV) durante el segundo semestre del 2013, para conocer el alcance del Código de ética bajo un marco de la sostenibilidad y la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) del día a día de las empresas afiliadas a la AMAV. Los resultados mostraron la urgencia e importancia de implementar el Código de Ética Empresarial para ser más transparentes entre los socios y el desarrollar programas de RSE, lo más pronto posible para poder contribuir con la sociedad y el medio ambiente desde la unidad de todas las empresas afiliadas a la asociación.
EVALUACIÓN DE LA EFICIENCIA TÉCNICA DEL SECTOR HOTELERO Y CAMPINGS DE ESPAÑA // EVALUATION OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF THE HOTEL SECTOR AND CAMPSITES IN SPAIN // AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA TÉCNICA E HOTEL E CAMPING SECTOR EM ESPANHA
Authors: Miró Albert-Pol
Published: May 2016

La actividad turística tiene un carácter multisectorial dinámico con encadenamientos durante y después de la prestación de servicios de turismo con el resto de la economía. Estos son particularmente importantes para un acercamiento integral al desarrollo de un país y del turismo en especial. En este contexto, se analiza la eficiencia técnica de los hoteles, hostales y campings españoles. Más concretamente, se va a seguir el enfoque de frontera estocástica para evaluar los niveles de eficiencia y el peso relativo de los hoteles, hostales y campings en la economía. Asimismo, se estima la convergencia de la eficiencia técnica para cada una de las Comunidades Autónomas objeto de estudio.En este documento se evalúa el desempeño de una muestra de 212 empresas pertenecientes al sector de actividad 55 del CNAE-2009 durante el período 2011-2012. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir la existencia de elevados niveles de eficiencia en el sector hotelero catalán, que resulta más competitivo y eficiente en todos los años de la muestra.
RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EN PYMES DEL ÁREA METROPOLITANA DE MEDELLÍN, COLOMBIA // SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SMES IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF MEDELLÍN, COLOMBIA // RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL EM PEQUENAS EMPRESAS DA ÁREA METROPOLITANA DE MEDELLÍN, COLÔMBIA
Authors: Giraldo-Cárdenas Laura Marcela , Kammerer Mejía Yaleinys Yulieth , Ríos-Osorio Leonardo Alberto
Published: May 2016

Este trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo indagar por los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) en las pymes del sector aseo en el Área Metropolitana de Medellín. Para realizar este trabajo se elaboró un instrumento tipo encuesta basado en la norma ISO 26000 aplicado a los representantes de 24 empresas incluidas en el estudio. Como resultado se encontró que no existen diferencias entre los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre RSE entre el grupo de directivos y el de empleados. Por otro lado, se encontró que el 59,9% de las empresas posee conocimientos sobre RSE, el 61,5% de ellas posee actitudes relacionadas con el concepto y el 57,7 % incorpora prácticas en su cultura organizacional. Se evidencia la necesidad que las empresas del sector pasen del conocimiento sobre RSE a su incorporación en la plataforma estratégica de sus organizaciones, dado el impacto que generan en el entorno.
The PROFILE Feasibility Study: Targeted Screening of Men With a Family History of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Castro Elena , Mikropoulos Christos , Bancroft Elizabeth K. , Dadaev Tokhir , Goh Chee , Taylor Natalie , Saunders Edward , Borley Nigel , Keating Diana , Page Elizabeth C. , Saya Sibel , Hazell Stephen , Livni Naomi , deSouza Nandita , Neal David , Hamdy Freddie C. , Kumar Pardeep , Antoniou Antonis C. , Kote-Jarai Zsofia ,   The PROFILE Study Steering Committee, Eeles Rosalind A.
Published: May 2016

Background.

A better assessment of individualized prostate cancer (PrCa) risk is needed to improve screening. The use of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level for screening in the general population has limitations and is not currently advocated. Approximately 100 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified that are associated with the risk of developing PrCa. The PROFILE pilot study explored the feasibility of using SNP profiling in men with a family history (FH) of PrCa to investigate the probability of detecting PrCa at prostate biopsy (PB). The primary aim of this pilot study was to determine the safety and feasibility of PrCa screening using transrectal ultrasound-guided PB with or without diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in men with a FH. A secondary aim was to evaluate the potential use of SNP profiling as a screening tool in this population.

Patients and Methods.

A total of 100 men aged 40–69 years with a FH of PrCa underwent PB, regardless of their baseline PSA level. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were calculated for each participant using 71 common PrCa susceptibility alleles. We treated the disease outcome at PB as the outcome variable and evaluated its associations with the PRS, PSA level, and DW-MRI findings using univariate logistic regression.

Results.

Of the 100 men, 25 were diagnosed with PrCa, of whom 12 (48%) had clinically significant disease. Four adverse events occurred and no deaths. The PSA level and age at study entry were associated with PrCa at PB (p = .00037 and p = .00004, respectively).

Conclusion.

The results of the present pilot study have demonstrated that PB is a feasible and safe method of PrCa screening in men with a FH, with a high proportion of PrCa identified requiring radical treatment. It is feasible to collect data on PrCa-risk SNPs to evaluate their combined effect as a potential screening tool. A larger prospective study powered to detect statistical associations is in progress.
A Comprehensive Look at Polypharmacy and Medication Screening Tools for the Older Cancer Patient
Authors: Whitman Andrew M. , DeGregory Kathlene A. , Morris Amy L. , Ramsdale Erika E.
Published: May 2016

Inappropriate medication use and polypharmacy are extremely common among older adults. Numerous studies have discussed the importance of a comprehensive medication assessment in the general geriatric population. However, only a handful of studies have evaluated inappropriate medication use in the geriatric oncology patient. Almost a dozen medication screening tools exist for the older adult. Each available tool has the potential to improve aspects of the care of older cancer patients, but no single tool has been developed for this population. We extensively reviewed the literature (MEDLINE, PubMed) to evaluate and summarize the most relevant medication screening tools for older patients with cancer. Findings of this review support the use of several screening tools concurrently for the elderly patient with cancer. A deprescribing tool should be developed and included in a comprehensive geriatric oncology assessment. Finally, prospective studies are needed to evaluate such a tool to determine its feasibility and impact in older patients with cancer.
QUAL QUÍMICA ENSINAR? REFLEXÕES A RESPEITO DA EDUCAÇÃO QUÍMICA E FORMAÇÃO DE LEITORES EM AULAS DE QUÍMICA NO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Flôr Cristhiane Cunha , Cassiani Suzani
Published: May 2016

O presente estudo trata de questões ligadas a algumas das abordagens dadas à educação química no ensino médio. Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica que engloba aspectos a serem considerados ao se trabalhar com leituras nesse contexto, como a questão da especificidade da linguagem química, de abordagens ligadas ao cotidiano dos estudantes e à formação de sujeitos leitores em aulas de química.
PRÁTICAS COERCITIVAS NA EDUCAÇÃO: O QUE DIZEM E O QUE FAZEM OS PROFESSORES
Authors: Glidden Rosina Forteski , Gross Ivan
Published: May 2016

No contexto da formação do professor o uso de coerção é uma prática criticada, na prática o professor parece fazer uso de tais estratégias e desconhecer práticas alternativas de interação e ensino. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a correspondência entre o relato e a prática acerca do uso de eventos coercitivos nas interações professor-aluno em quatro professoras dos anos iniciais do ensino público. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma metodologia combinada: questionário e observação direta. Os resultados apontaram a ocorrência de níveis de não-correspondência verbal/não-verbal em todas as participantes. Conclui-se pela necessidade, como aponta a literatura, de focalizar a análise dos comportamentos emitidos em relação ao que é relatado sobre a mesma realidade.
GERAÇÃO DO MORRO: RELATO DE UM PROJETO DE INTERVENÇÃO PSICOEDUCATIVA EM UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA
Authors: Szymanski Luciana , Gervitz Isabel Santana , Capucci Luiza
Published: May 2016

O artigo propõe a análise de uma intervenção psicoeducativa realizada em uma escola pública de São Paulo. A escola pediu implementação de um projeto que desse voz ao coletivo de alunos, sistematizasse suas queixas e aspirações e construísse caminhos de solução para as dificuldades. A proposta dialógica de Paulo Freire e a perspectiva fenomenológica embasaram teoricamente as ações e análises desenvolvidas. Realizaram-se atividades grupais e encontros reflexivos, cuja análise evidenciou que os alunos podiam ser participantes ativos dentro do coletivo da escola. O projeto incluiu o educador, buscando ferramentas que o fortalecia em seu papel, e reverberou-se em outros espaços, como o da família. Após seu término, a escola solicitou sua continuidade, garantindo, na instituição, a presença do psicólogo em formação além da discussão sobre a inserção desse profissional no cotidiano escolar. Em última instância, o projeto contribuiu para uma aproximação entre a Universidade e Comunidade.
A EMERGÊNCIA DE UMA PEDAGOGIA DO MOVIMENTO DOS POVOS ATINGIDOS POR BARRAGEM
Authors: Corrêa Sérgio Roberto Moraes , Silva Severino Bezerra da
Published: May 2016

O presente texto faz parte de uma pesquisa de dissertação de mestrado defendida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da UFPB. Essa pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa, envolvendo pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. O locus da pesquisa foi o Município de Tucuruí, no Estado do Pará, onde foi construída a Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí, um dos grandes projetos do modelo desenvolvimentista conservador, que produziu grandes impactos sociais e ambientais e provocou o surgimento de movimentos sociais de resistência, como o MAB. Como recorte, esse texto se propõe a analisar a proposta de Educação do Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragem (MAB). Como resultado, verifica-se que essa proposta de educação expressa a emergência de uma Pedagogia do Movimento dos Povos Atingidos por Barragem, que se posiciona num campo crítico e contra-hegemônico.
O FUNK OSTENTAÇÃO COMO PEDAGOGIA CULTURAL: MÚSICA, CONSUMO E A PRODUÇÃO DE SUBJETIVIDADES FEMININAS NA ESCOLA
Authors: Vargas Juliana Ribeiro de , Carvalho Rodrigo Saballa de
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo é decorrente de uma pesquisa que, a partir dos Estudos de Gênero e das contribuições dos estudos de Michel Foucault, tem como objetivo analisar e problematizar o modo como os discursos sobre gênero, sexualidade e consumo visibilizados por músicas filiadas ao gênero conhecido como funk ostentação têm operado na constituição de subjetividades em um grupo de jovens alunas, estudantes de uma rede pública de ensino. O material empírico da pesquisa decorre de observações participantes, registros em diário de campo, análise de arquivos musicais armazenados nos cartões de memória dos celulares das participantes da pesquisa e rodas de conversa realizadas com elas. As análises das músicas, bem como das rodas de conversa, evidenciam que o funk ostentação é uma importante pedagogia cultural que tem operado na produção das subjetividades femininas ao indicar determinado modo de ser mulher na contemporaneidade.
A Short and Readable Proof of Cut Elimination for Two First-Order Modal Logics
Authors: Gao Feng , Tourlakis George
Published: May 2016

A well established technique toward developing the proof theory of a Hilbert-style modal logic is to introduce a Gentzen-style equivalent (a Gentzenisation), then develop the proof theory of the latter, and finally transfer the metatheoretical results to the original logic (e.g., [1, 6, 8, 18, 10, 12]). In the first-order modal case, on one hand we know that the Gentzenisation of the straightforward first-order extension of GL, the logic QGL, admits no cut elimination (if the rule is included as primitive; or, if not included, then the rule is not admissible [1]). On the other hand the (cut-free) Gentzenisations of the first-order modal logics M3 and ML3 of [10, 12] do have cut as an admissible rule. The syntactic cut admissibility proof given in [18] for the Gentzenisation of the propositional provability logic GL is extremely complex, and it was the basis of the proofs of cut admissibility of the Gentzenisations of M3 and ML3, where the presence of quantifiers and quantifier rules added to the complexity and length of the proof. A recent proof of cut admissibility in a cut-free Gentzenisation of GL is given in [5] and is quite short and easy to read. We adapt it here to revisit the proofs for the cases of M3 and ML3, resulting to similarly short and easy to read proofs, only slightly complicated by the presence of quantification and its relevant rules.
Characterizing driver–response relationships in marine pelagic ecosystems for improved ocean management
Authors: Hunsicker Mary E. , Kappel Carrie V. , Selkoe Kimberly A. , Halpern Benjamin S. , Scarborough Courtney , Mease Lindley , Amrhein Alisan
Published: May 2016

Scientists and resource managers often use methods and tools that assume ecosystem components respond linearly to environmental drivers and human stressors. However, a growing body of literature demonstrates that many relationships are non‐linear, where small changes in a driver prompt a disproportionately large ecological response. We aim to provide a comprehensive assessment of the relationships between drivers and ecosystem components to identify where and when non‐linearities are likely to occur. We focused our analyses on one of the best‐studied marine systems, pelagic ecosystems, which allowed us to apply robust statistical techniques on a large pool of previously published studies. In this synthesis, we (1) conduct a wide literature review on single driver–response relationships in pelagic systems, (2) use statistical models to identify the degree of non‐linearity in these relationships, and (3) assess whether general patterns exist in the strengths and shapes of non‐linear relationships across drivers. Overall we found that non‐linearities are common in pelagic ecosystems, comprising at least 52% of all driver–response relationships. This is likely an underestimate, as papers with higher quality data and analytical approaches reported non‐linear relationships at a higher frequency (on average 11% more). Consequently, in the absence of evidence for a linear relationship, it is safer to assume a relationship is non‐linear. Strong non‐linearities can lead to greater ecological and socioeconomic consequences if they are unknown (and/or unanticipated), but if known they may provide clear thresholds to inform management targets. In pelagic systems, strongly non‐linear relationships are often driven by climate and trophodynamic variables but are also associated with local stressors, such as overfishing and pollution, that can be more easily controlled by managers. Even when marine resource managers cannot influence ecosystem change, they can use information about threshold responses to guide how other stressors are managed and to adapt to new ocean conditions. As methods to detect and reduce uncertainty around threshold values improve, managers will be able to better understand and account for ubiquitous non‐linear relationships.
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) pollination in California's Central Valley is limited by native bee nest site location
Authors: Sardiñas Hillary S. , Tom Kathleen , Ponisio Lauren Catherine , Rominger Andrew , Kremen Claire
Published: May 2016

The delivery of ecosystem services by mobile organisms depends on the distribution of those organisms, which is, in turn, affected by resources at local and landscape scales. Pollinator‐dependent crops rely on mobile animals like bees for crop production, and the spatial relationship between floral resources and nest location for these central‐place foragers influences the delivery of pollination services. Current models that map pollination coverage in agricultural regions utilize landscape‐level estimates of floral availability and nesting incidence inferred from expert opinion, rather than direct assessments. Foraging distance is often derived from proxies of bee body size, rather than direct measurements of foraging that account for behavioral responses to floral resource type and distribution. The lack of direct measurements of nesting incidence and foraging distances may lead to inaccurate mapping of pollination services. We examined the role of local‐scale floral resource presence from hedgerow plantings on nest incidence of ground‐nesting bees in field margins and within monoculture, conventionally managed sunflower fields in California's Central Valley. We tracked bee movement into fields using fluorescent powder. We then used these data to simulate the distribution of pollination services within a crop field. Contrary to expert opinion, we found that ground‐nesting native bees nested both in fields and edges, though nesting rates declined with distance into field. Further, we detected no effect of field‐margin floral enhancements on nesting. We found evidence of an exponential decay rate of bee movement into fields, indicating that foraging predominantly occurred in less than 1% of medium‐sized bees' predicted typical foraging range. Although we found native bees nesting within agricultural fields, their restricted foraging movements likely centralize pollination near nest sites. Our data thus predict a heterogeneous distribution of pollination services within sunflower fields, with edges receiving higher coverage than field centers. To generate more accurate maps of services, we advocate directly measuring the autecology of ecosystem service providers, which vary by crop system, pollinator species, and region. Improving estimates of the factors affecting pollinator populations can increase the accuracy of pollination service maps and help clarify the influence of farming practices on wild bees occurring in agricultural landscapes.
Measuring spatial variation in secondary production and food quality using a common consumer approach in Lake Erie
Authors: Larson James H. , Richardson William B. , Evans Mary Anne , Schaeffer Jeff , Wynne Timothy , Bartsch Michelle , Bartsch Lynn , Nelson John. C. , Vallazza Jon
Published: May 2016

Lake Erie is a large lake straddling the border of the USA and Canada that has become increasingly eutrophic in recent years. Eutrophication is particularly focused in the shallow western basin. The western basin of Lake Erie is hydrodynamically similar to a large estuary, with riverine inputs from the Detroit and Maumee Rivers mixing together and creating gradients in chemical and physical conditions. This study was driven by two questions: (1) How does secondary production and food quality for consumers vary across this large mixing zone? and (2) Are there correlations between cyanobacterial abundance and secondary production or food quality for consumers? Measuring spatial and temporal variation in secondary production and food quality is difficult for a variety of logistical reasons, so here a common consumer approach was used. In a common consumer approach, individuals of a single species are raised under similar conditions until placed in the field across environmental gradients of interest. After some period of exposure, the response of that common consumer is measured to provide an index of spatial variation in conditions. Here, a freshwater mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) was deployed at 32 locations that spanned habitat types and a gradient in cyanobacterial abundance in the western basin of Lake Erie to measure spatial variation in growth (an index of secondary production) and fatty acid (FA) content (an index of food quality). We found secondary production was highest within the Maumee river mouth and lowest in the open waters of the lake. Mussel tissues in the Maumee river mouth also included more eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic fatty acids (EPA and DPA, respectively), but fewer bacterial FAs, suggesting more algae at the base of the food web in the Maumee river mouth compared to open lake sites. The satellite‐derived estimate of cyanobacterial abundance was not correlated to secondary production, but was positively related to EPA and DPA content in the mussels, suggesting more of these important FAs in locations with more cyanobacteria. These results suggest that growth of secondary consumers and the availability of important fatty acids in the western basin are centered on the Maumee river mouth.
Microbial Colonization of the Peri‐Implant Sulcus and Implant Connection of Implants Restored With Cemented Versus Screw‐Retained Superstructures: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Penarrocha‐Oltra David , Monreal‐Bello Alba , Penarrocha‐Diago Maria , Alonso‐Perez‐Barquero Jorge , Botticelli Daniele , Canullo Luigi
Published: May 2016

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate peri‐implant and intraconnection microflora of healthy implants restored with cemented and screwed superstructures.

Methods: Patients with two to three implants restored with cemented or screwed restorations and 5 years of follow‐up were recruited. Samples were taken from peri‐implant sulci, adjacent teeth, and the inner portion of connections. Prevalence of positive sites and bacterial loads for 10 microorganisms were obtained with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Implant connection permeability to the studied microorganisms was estimated using a standardized bacterial contamination index. Statistical analysis was performed using a generalized estimating equations model, Wald χ2 test, and the least significant difference test.

Results: The final sample consisted of 18 patients (55 implants) in the cemented group and 22 patients (46 implants) in the screw‐retained group. Regarding prevalence of positive sites, significant differences between groups were only found for Tannerella forsythia, which was 8.7 times more frequent at peri‐implant sulci of cemented than screw‐retained prostheses. Bacterial loads of Porphyromonas gingivalis, T. forsythia, Parvimonas micra, and total bacterial load were significantly higher at peri‐implant sulci for the cemented group; at the inner portion of connections, values were significantly higher for P. micra and Fusobacterium nucleatum for the screw‐retained group. Contamination index values demonstrated higher permeability to most microbes in the cemented group.

Conclusions: Internal implant surfaces were microbiologically contaminated for both cemented and screw‐retained superstructures. Differences were found between the two methods of prosthetic retention: the cemented group presented significantly higher bacterial loads in the peri‐implant sulcus but significantly lower bacterial loads at the inner portion of the implant connection.
Population Characteristics of High‐Yielding Rice under Different Densities
Authors: Li Ganghua , Zhang Jun , Yang Congdang , Liu Zhenghui , Wang Shaohua , Ding Yanfeng
Published: May 2016

To explore the common characteristics of high‐yield rice (Oryza sativaL.) production and the influence of transplanting density on yield, field experiments were conducted in eight ecological zones with local popular high‐yield rice varieties in China in 2009. This study revealed that different ecological types of rice exhibit robust differences in growth stage, yield composition, source, sink, grain/leaf ratio, plant type traits, and dry matter (DM) accumulation and partitioning. The different ecological types of rice displayed the following common features: (i) grain yield was correlated with sink such that larger sink was always associated with larger yield; (ii) DM accumulation before and after the heading stage showed large variation in contribution to yield regardless of DM accumulation enhancement, especially for postheading accumulation, which was beneficial for increasing yield; and (iii) under the suitable seedling population (36 seedlings m−2or 25 seedlings m−2), wide rows with narrow within‐row plant spacing was conducive for building high‐yield populations. Overall, transplanting density and ecological site both have significant effects on rice yield, source‐sink relationship, and DM accumulation.

Core Ideas

Yield was closely correlated with sink such that larger sink was always associated with higher yield.

The dry matter accumulation before and after the heading stage had enormous variation in contribution to yield regardless of the dry matter accumulation enhancement, especially the yield of postheading accumulation, which was beneficial for increasing yield.

Under the suitable seedling population, wide rows and narrow within‐row plant spacing was conducive for building high‐yield populations to improve the yield.
Effects of laser-induced oxidation on the corrosion resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel
Authors: Łęcka K. M. , Antończak A. J. , Szubzda B. , Wójcik M. R. , Stępak B. D. , Szymczyk P. , Trzciński M. , Ozimek M. , Abramski K. M.
Published: May 2016

The paper presents an analysis of the impact of oxide layers, manufactured by means of laser radiation (with varying energy densities), on the resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel to corrosion. Corrosion resistance tests have been carried out in a weakly acidic environment (H2SO4, pH = 3.5) and a neutral environment (NaCl, pH = 7). The experiment was performed with the use of a laser system equipped with the Ytterbium Yb3+ fiber laser with a pulse duration of 230 ns. It has been shown that the thermal-oriented laser process significantly affects the course and nature of cathode-anode processes occurring on the surface of irradiated materials. Compared to the unstructured reference samples, there has been a significant increase in corrosion resistance of AISI 304 steel in the range of laser fluence between 50 and 70 J/cm2. The Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of the chemical composition of the surface of the samples as well as the change of their morphology (microcracks of oxide layers) are closely correlated with the electrochemical measurements. Corrosion intensity has also been specified as a function of the energy density used for the laser marking of the samples.
An IDH1-mutated primary gliosarcoma: case report
Authors: Hsieh Jason K. , Hong Christopher S. , Manjila Sunil , Cohen Mark L. , Lo Simon , Rogers Lisa , Sloan Andrew E.
Published: May 2016

The authors present the case of a primary gliosarcoma with an isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutation. A 75-year-old man presented with a 3-day history of multiple focal seizures and was found on MRI to have a 2.2-cm left parietal enhancing mass lesion. Brain MRI for tremor performed 8 years prior to this presentation was normal. En bloc resection revealed a high-grade glioma with sarcomatous components that was immunoreactive for the R132H variant of IDH1 by antibody. Gliosarcoma is a rare variant of glioblastoma that arises most frequently as a primary tumor, and has equal or worse survival and an increased propensity for extracranial metastases compared with other Grade 4 gliomas. In contrast, isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 and -2 mutations are associated with low-grade gliomas with increased survival and less commonly with glioblastoma. To the authors' knowledge, there has been only 1 other published report of a primary gliosarcoma carrying an isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation. This rare genetic-histological combination highlights potential differences between glioblastoma and gliosarcoma and may warrant additional study.
Antibiotics and RNase P
Authors: Drainas Denis
Published: May 2016

RNase P is an essential endonuclease in tRNA biogenesis, which generates the mature 5′-termini of tRNAs. Most forms of RNase P are ribonucleoproteins, i.e., they consist of an essential RNA and protein subunits. The catalytic function of ribonucleoprotein RNase P enzymes resides entirely in the RNA subunit. Its high structural and functional diversity among representatives of a vast variety of phylogenetic domains indicates that RNase P could serve as a molecular target and a useful screening system for the development of new drugs in the battle against bacterial drug resistance.
Modelling the Influence of Climate on the Performance of the Organic Rankine Cycle for Industrial Waste Heat Recovery
Authors: Korolija Ivan , Greenough Richard
Published: May 2016

This paper describes a study of the relative influences of different system design decisions upon the performance of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) used to generate electricity from foundry waste heat. The design choices included concern the working fluid, whether to use a regenerator and the type of condenser. The novelty of the research lies in its inclusion of the influence of both the ORC location and the auxiliary electricity used by the pumps and fans in the ORC power system. Working fluids suitable for high temperature applications are compared, including three cyclic siloxanes, four linear siloxanes and three aromatic fluids. The ORC is modelled from first principles and simulation runs carried out using weather data for 106 European locations and a heat input profile that was derived from empirical data. The impact of design decisions upon ORC nominal efficiency is reported followed by the impact upon annual system efficiency in which variations in heat input and the condition of outdoor air over a year are considered. The main conclusion is that the location can have a significant impact upon the efficiency of ORC systems due to the influence of climate upon the condenser and auxiliary electricity requirements.
The Misselhorn Cycle: Batch-Evaporation Process for Efficient Low-Temperature Waste Heat Recovery
Authors: Gleinser Moritz , Wieland Christoph
Published: May 2016

The concept of the Misselhorn cycle is introduced as a power cycle that aims for efficient waste heat recovery of temperature sources below 100 °C. The basic idea shows advantages over a standard Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) in overall efficiency and utilization of the heat source. The main characteristic of this cycle is the use of at least three parallel batch evaporators instead of continuous heat exchangers. The operational phases of the evaporators are shifted so that there is always one vaporizer in discharge mode. A transient MATLAB® model (The MathWorks: Natick, MA, USA) is used to simulate the achievable performance of the Misselhorn cycle. The calculations of the thermodynamic states of the system are based on the heat flux, the equations for energy conservation and the equations of state found in the NIST Standard Reference Database 23 (Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties - REFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology: Gaithersburg, MD, USA). In the isochoric batch evaporation, the pressure and the corresponding boiling temperature rise over time. With a gradually increasing boiling temperature, no pinch point limitation occurs. Furthermore, the heat source medium is passed through the evaporators in serial order to obtain a quasi-counter flow setup. It could be shown that these features offer the possibility to gain both high thermal efficiencies and an enhanced utilization of the heat source at the same time. A basic model with a fixed estimated heat transfer coefficient promises a possible system exergy efficiency of 44.4%, which is an increase of over 60% compared to a basic ORC with a system exergy efficiency of only 26.8%.
A Reconfigurable Formation and Disjoint Hierarchical Routing for Rechargeable Bluetooth Networks
Authors: Yu Chih-Min , Lee Yi-Hsiu
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a reconfigurable mesh-tree with a disjoint hierarchical routing protocol for the Bluetooth sensor network is proposed. First, a designated root constructs a tree-shaped subnet and propagates parameters k and c in its downstream direction to determine new roots. Each new root asks its upstream master to start a return connection to convert the first tree-shaped subnet into a mesh-shaped subnet. At the same time, each new root repeats the same procedure as the designated root to build its own tree-shaped subnet, until the whole scatternet is formed. As a result, the reconfigurable mesh-tree constructs a mesh-shaped topology in one densely covered area that is extended by tree-shaped topology to other sparsely covered areas. To locate the optimum k layer for various sizes of networks, a peak-search method is introduced in the designated root to determine the optimum mesh-tree configuration. In addition, the reconfigurable mesh-tree can dynamically compute the optimum layer k when the size of the network changes in the topology maintenance phase. In order to deliver packets over the mesh-tree networks, a disjoint hierarchical routing protocol is designed during the scatternet formation phase to efficiently forward packets in-between the mesh-subnet and the tree-subnet. To achieve the energy balance design, two equal disjoint paths are generated, allowing each node to alleviate network congestion, since most traffic occurs at the mesh-subnet. Simulation results show that the joint reconfigurable method and routing algorithm generate an efficient scatternet configuration by achieving better scatternet and routing performance than BlueHRT (bluetooth hybrid ring tree). Furthermore, the disjoint routing with rechargeable battery strategy effectively improves network lifetime and demonstrates better energy efficiency than conventional routing methods.