bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONTRIBUTION DU STRESS ET DE l’ALEXITHYMIE AU BONHEUR DES ENSEIGNANTS
Authors: Gosselin1 Eric , Bélanger José , Campbell Mélissa
Published: April 2021

La poursuite du bonheur a été de tout temps une quête existentielle. Parmi les multiples origines identifiées de cet état, certains considèrent le stress comme un déterminant de la variabilité du bonheur individuel. L’hypothèse alexithymie-stress (alexithymia-stress hypothesis) s’avère ainsi une avenue prometteuse pour élucider la dynamique qu’entretient le stress avec le bien-être et le bonheur, hypothèse s’inscrivant dans la foulée du paradigme de la psychologie positive en comportement organisationnel. L’objectif principal de cette étude est d’explorer les rouages entre le stress, l’alexithymie et le bonheur. Pour ce faire, 420 enseignants ont complété un questionnaire autoadministré. Les résultats des analyses permettent d’observer que le bonheur est davantage déterminé par le stress au travail que par le stress dans la vie. De plus, il est possible de constater que l’alexithymie est autant un déterminant du bonheur qu’un modérateur du lien unissant le stress au bonheur. Finalement, il n’est pas possible d’identifier un antagonisme formel entre les variables à l’étude laissant présager que la dynamique relationnelle est linéaire.
LA THÉRAPIE ORIENTÉE VERS LES SOLUTIONS POUR TRAITER L’ANXIÉTÉ : UNE ÉTUDE EXPLORATOIRE
Authors: Brochu1 Julie , Mandeville Lucie , Bélanger Claude
Published: April 2021

La TCC, efficace dans le traitement des gens atteints d’anxiété, permet d’accroître leur qualité de vie sans toutefois qu’elle n’atteigne le niveau des gens sans anxiété. La thérapie brève orientée vers les solutions (TBOS) cible l’amélioration de la qualité de vie. Cette recherche exploratoire qualitative vise la description de l’utilisation de la TBOS pour traiter l’anxiété et utilise la praxéologie et la théorisation ancrée. Huit clients de la Clinique des troubles anxieux de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale Douglas y ont pris part. Les résultats de cette recherche décrivent les modalités d’utilisation de la TBOS dans le traitement de l’anxiété.
Regards croisés entre le droit innu et le droit québécois : territorialités en conflit
Authors: Motard Geneviève
Published: April 2021

Cet article propose une étude des principales caractéristiques (acteurs, valeurs, principes et règles) des ordres juridiques québécois et innu au regard de leur rapport au territoire. Cette étude, principalement descriptive, est suivie d’une analyse des interactions qui régissent les deux ordres juridiques. L’article met en exergue l’importance des processus d’invalidation des règles de droit autochtone par le droit québécois de la propriété publique et privée et des ressources de la terre plus généralement.

Il met également en lumière les quelques règles et processus du droit québécois qui favorisent au contraire le respect des règles issues de l’ordre juridique innu. L’article propose, finalement, deux avenues de réforme du droit québécois qui auraient le potentiel de contribuer à la cessation des atteintes aux droits fonciers des Innus. La première piste de solution propose de rendre visible sur le territoire et dans les lois québécoises l’ordre juridique innu. La seconde piste de solution se fonde sur l’idée suivant laquelle il importe de supprimer les différentes formes de négation des droits fonciers autochtones qui subsistent en droit québécois, en le rendant notamment conforme au droit international et interaméricain.
Une modélisation relationnelle des configurations sociétales liées aux phénomènes d’émergence : un exemple de recherche dans le Maroc contemporain
Authors: Vautier Claude
Published: April 2021

Les sciences sociales, comme l’économie, la sociologie, l’histoire, l’anthropologie et d’autres disciplines, tentent depuis plusieurs siècles d’expliquer comment les sociétés humaines vivent et se développent (ou s’effondrent). De nombreuses théories sont ainsi nées à travers de nombreuses controverses et de nombreuses déceptions. Pour les besoins de cet article, je divise ces théories en deux catégories : théories du développement économique et théories sociologiques. Les premières tendent à expliquer pourquoi certains groupes humains parviennent à générer de la croissance et du développement, les secondes s’efforcent de montrer comment les sociétés vivent et se transforment. Cette division est bien entendu discutable, mais permet de placer le regard sur les deux objectifs majeurs du texte, à savoir, d’une part, comprendre comment des groupes humains dans le Maroc contemporain ont réussi à développer et améliorer leurs niveaux et modes de vie, d’autre part, montrer que des modélisations différentes de celles qui sont couramment pratiquées en sciences sociales (fondées sur la prééminence explicative des individus ou des structures) sont possibles et apportent des angles de vue qui permettent de comprendre plus profondément et plus efficacement les systèmes sociaux sur lesquels nous voulons intervenir. La modélisation décrite ici est « relationnelle » et a été réalisée à l’aide d’un modèle analytique construit par l’auteur, dont le nom RISE est l’acronyme de « Relation, Individu, Système et Événement ». Cette modélisation a permis de décrypter la situation de trois sites sociétaux considérés initialement comme émergents au Maroc.
« Quand tout se joue »... Bifurcations, horizon et information
Authors: Supeno Eddy , Mongeau Venessa , Pariseau Marie-Michelle
Published: April 2021

Dans une société aux normes sociales moins homogènes, les transitions des jeunes adultes se caractérisent entre autres par leur imprévisibilité. En matière notamment d’emploi ou de formation, si les risques associés à ces transitions sont plus élevés, les opportunités le sont également. Dès lors, comparer les bifurcations biographiques dans le parcours de formation ou d’emploi de jeunes adultes non diplômés et en situation de précarité à celles de jeunes adultes cégépiens constitue une avenue d’analyse instructive. Cette avenue est d’autant plus féconde si on l’explore sous l’angle des sources d’information et des soutiens sur la formation et le travail, car l’information constitue désormais un enjeu central en employabilité. Les principaux résultats d’une analyse de 15 bifurcations biographiques montrent que, dans les parcours de formation ou de travail de jeunes adultes (7 non diplômés et 8 cégépiens), les sources d’information relationnelles sont les plus mobilisées et le soutien moral est déterminant pour les deux populations. Néanmoins, les situations de précarité des jeunes adultes non diplômés viennent teinter fortement les demandes d’information de ceux-ci auprès d’une source en particulier : les personnes professionnelles. Chez les cégépiens, les parents constituent la principale source d’information et de soutien, lequel semble favoriser des possibilités d’expérimentation dans le parcours de formation.
Jeunesse entreprenante et processus d’auto-prise en charge au Cameroun
Authors: Amougou Gérard
Published: April 2021

Cet article participe de la mise en évidence d’un moment particulier des trajectoires d’une catégorie de jeunes entreprenants appartenant à une génération quasi similaire au Cameroun. Il est animé par le souci de rendre compte d’une parcelle déterminante de la réalité en permanente construction au travers des processus inédits de subjectivation analysés à travers les récits de vie recueillis. En s’efforçant de cerner les différentes logiques d’action et/ou le sens attribué au vécu, il s’agit de problématiser le processus d’auto-prise en charge s’opérationnalisant dans les marges de l’idéologie dominante. En filigrane, il s’agit également de tester la pertinence de l’outil biographique en contexte africain.
Affinité, proximité et précarité : trois effets de la frontière Politique de la ville en France sur les relations entre jeunes et acteurs associatifs
Authors: Bordiec Sylvain
Published: April 2021

Cet article se propose d’étudier les relations sociales spécifiques et, partant, les formes d’ouverture du champ des possibles relationnels que favorise le ciblage de certains espaces urbains par l’action publique territorialisée. À partir des enseignements d’une enquête menée entre 2003 et 2010 dans un quartier de Paris partiellement intégré à la géographie prioritaire de la Politique de la ville, l’article interroge tout particulièrement le rapport entre la frontière administrative dans la ville que dessine cette intégration et la définition de l’existence des acteurs associatifs de la jeunesse et de leurs publics. L’analyse historique de l’encadrement de la jeunesse dans cet espace – l’intégration de la zone à la Politique de la ville génère une multiplication d’associations animées par des bénévoles et principalement financées par les crédits spécifiques dédiées à cette action publique –, l’étude des conditions de l’implantation de l’une de ces associations, l’exploration des trajectoires de deux de ses acteurs, un bénévole fondateur et un membre du public juvénile et, enfin, la mise au jour des formes de leur relation montrent que cette frontière administrative peut révéler des affinités entre acteurs et impulser des « relations de proximité » participant du maintien de leurs protagonistes dans des formes de précarité professionnelle et sociale. Cette « proximité » n’épuise pas la multiplicité des relations rendues possibles par la gestion territorialisée de la question sociale – l’entretien dans la précarité pour les uns n’est pas exclusif de processus d’insertion scolaire, professionnelle et sociale pour les autres. Cependant, l'étude des ressorts, des formes et des effets de cette relation est un puissant instrument d’analyse de la manière dont ce type d’action publique commande les inscriptions dans l’espace et les participations aux institutions.
L’influence du groupe de pairs sur la consommation de substances psychoactives licites et illicites à l’adolescence
Authors: Spach Miléna
Published: April 2021

L’adolescence est une période de construction d’identité en interaction avec les pairs, mais qui peut être aussi un moment d’initiation à la consommation de substances psychoactives licites et illicites. L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier l’influence des pairs et du groupe de pairs dans les consommations d’alcool, de tabac et de cannabis chez des adolescents. Les données sont issues d’un questionnaire en ligne auto-administré diffusé sur les réseaux sociaux par la procédure d’échantillonnage « boule de neige ». L’échantillon se compose de 518 adolescents français âgés de 14 à 17 ans. Les résultats révèlent la forte influence du nombre de pairs perçus comme des consommateurs de substances psychoactives sur l’expérimentation et la fréquence de consommation d’alcool, de tabac et de cannabis. À l’inverse, une taille élevée du groupe de pairs ou un désir, pour un adolescent, d’acquérir un statut social supérieur dans le groupe de pairs exerce des effets protecteurs sur la consommation occasionnelle ou régulière de tabac. Enfin, plus un adolescent entretient de bonnes relations avec ses pairs, moins il sera sujet à une consommation occasionnelle ou régulière de tabac ou de cannabis.
Missing the Point: A Critical Reflection on Operation HONOUR and Reactions to Military Sexual Misconduct by Veterans of the Canadian Armed Forces
Authors: Callaghan Walter
Published: April 2021

While there has undoubtedly been progress made in regards to the inclusion of women and LGBTQ+ individuals as full members of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), it is questionable as to whether the organizational culture has shifted since these efforts were initiated almost thirty years ago. This article argues that resistance to culture change is based in sexist beliefs and attitudes, which are most noticeable in discussions related to Operation HONOUR, the CAF initiative meant to purposefully change military culture in an effort to eliminate sexual misconduct. The article critically reflects on how the CAF has presented results from surveys aimed at examining the beliefs and perceptions of current serving members in regards to sexual misconduct in the military. It argues that the CAF is missing key points of analysis, particularly in failing to identify and analyse the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours that make up a problematic and misogynistic military culture. To address this, the article presents a taxonomy of sexism to help understand the attitudes of soldiers and veterans. Based on this taxonomy and informed by long-term and ongoing ethnographic research, the article then outlines a spectrum of behavioural archetypes, namely: (1) allyship to victims, (2) willful blindness to the prevalence of and harms caused by military sexual misconduct, and (3) a negative and misogynistic response tied to what has been termed as toxic masculinity. Understanding these behaviours and their embeddedness in veterans’ self-perceptions and the military’s culture is key to achieving CAF culture change in the context of systemic sexual misconduct.
Khaki and Emerald Green
Authors: Taber Nancy
Published: April 2021

A short story about a military woman struggling with family, career, and PTSD. Her perspective on her situation shifts when she visits the Canadian Museum of Human Rights with her young son.
Film Review: The Fruit Machine
Authors: Gouliquer Lynne , Poulin Carmen ,   P-SEC Research Group
Published: April 2021

The following is a review of The Fruit Machine documentary film directed by Sara Fodey. This documentary sheds light on a dark period in Canadian history. Using the testimonials of survivors and historical expert, The Fruit Machine film illustrates how a democratic state could legally wage a discriminatory campaign against its own citizens whose only crime was being (or suspected to be) “homosexual.” For fifty years, Canadian state institutions hunted down and interrogated thousands of individuals suspected of homosexuality. This film is a must see.
Analisis Glimepirida Dalam Plasma Tikus
Authors: Harahap Yahdiana , Mansur Umar , Sinandang Theresia
Published: April 2021

The aim of this research is to find the method for analyze glimepiride and itÂ’s metabolite. Glimepiride is the second generation of antidiabetic oral from the sulphonyl urea that works by stimulating the insulin secretion from beta cells of pancreas. Glimepiride is isolated from plasma the using chloroform. Using the high performance liquid chromatography method which include C18 reversed phase column, using mixture of methanol:water (50:50, v/v) as a mobile phase, flow rate 1.0 ml/minutes, detection at wavelenght 228 nm with photo diode array detector gives retention times of glimepiride in 17 minutes without any interference from endogen component of plasma and from itÂ’s metabolite. Linearity with added internal standard gliclazide was established for the range concentration 100-1000 ng/ml with coefficient of correlation (r) is 0.9977 and give the limit of quantitation of glimepiride in 50 ng/ml. The results of validation method fulfilled for the given criterias.
Uncovering the computational mechanisms underlying many-alternative choice
Authors: Thomas Armin W , Molter Felix , Krajbich Ian
Published: April 2021

How do we choose when confronted with many alternatives? There is surprisingly little decision modelling work with large choice sets, despite their prevalence in everyday life. Even further, there is an apparent disconnect between research in small choice sets, supporting a process of gaze-driven evidence accumulation, and research in larger choice sets, arguing for models of optimal choice, satisficing, and hybrids of the two. Here, we bridge this divide by developing and comparing different versions of these models in a many-alternative value-based choice experiment with 9, 16, 25, or 36 alternatives. We find that human choices are best explained by models incorporating an active effect of gaze on subjective value. A gaze-driven, probabilistic version of satisficing generally provides slightly better fits to choices and response times, while the gaze-driven evidence accumulation and comparison model provides the best overall account of the data when also considering the empirical relation between gaze allocation and choice.
Discovery and characterization of a novel family of prokaryotic nanocompartments involved in sulfur metabolism
Authors: Nichols Robert J , LaFrance Benjamin , Phillips Naiya R , Radford Devon R , Oltrogge Luke M , Valentin-Alvarado Luis E , Bischoff Amanda J , Nogales Eva , Savage David F
Published: April 2021

Prokaryotic nanocompartments, also known as encapsulins, are a recently discovered proteinaceous organelle-like compartment in prokaryotes that compartmentalize cargo enzymes. While initial studies have begun to elucidate the structure and physiological roles of encapsulins, bioinformatic evidence suggests that a great diversity of encapsulin nanocompartments remains unexplored. Here, we describe a novel encapsulin in the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. This nanocompartment is upregulated upon sulfate starvation and encapsulates a cysteine desulfurase enzyme via an N-terminal targeting sequence. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we have determined the structure of the nanocompartment complex to 2.2 Å resolution. Lastly, biochemical characterization of the complex demonstrated that the activity of the cysteine desulfurase is enhanced upon encapsulation. Taken together, our discovery, structural analysis, and enzymatic characterization of this prokaryotic nanocompartment provide a foundation for future studies seeking to understand the physiological role of this encapsulin in various bacteria.
Development and characterization of a chronic implant mouse model for vagus nerve stimulation
Authors: Mughrabi Ibrahim T , Hickman Jordan , Jayaprakash Naveen , Thompson Dane , Ahmed Umair , Papadoyannis Eleni S , Chang Yao-Chuan , Abbas Adam , Datta-Chaudhuri Timir , Chang Eric H , Zanos Theodoros P , Lee Sunhee C , Froemke Robert C , Tracey Kevin J , Welle Cristin , Al-Abed Yousef , Zanos Stavros
Published: April 2021

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) suppresses inflammation and autoimmune diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. The underlying molecular, neurological, and anatomical mechanisms have been well characterized using acute electrophysiological stimulation of the vagus. However, there are several unanswered mechanistic questions about the effects of chronic VNS, which require solving numerous technical challenges for a long-term interface with the vagus in mice. Here, we describe a scalable model for long-term VNS in mice developed and validated in four research laboratories. We observed significant heart rate responses for at least 4 weeks in 60–90% of animals. Device implantation did not impair vagus-mediated reflexes. VNS using this implant significantly suppressed TNF levels in endotoxemia. Histological examination of implanted nerves revealed fibrotic encapsulation without axonal pathology. This model may be useful to study the physiology of the vagus and provides a tool to systematically investigate long-term VNS as therapy for chronic diseases modeled in mice.
Cerebrospinal fluid proteome maps detect pathogen-specific host response patterns in meningitis
Authors: Bakochi Anahita , Mohanty Tirthankar , Pyl Paul Theodor , Gueto-Tettay Carlos Alberto , Malmström Lars , Linder Adam , Malmström Johan
Published: April 2021

Meningitis is a potentially life-threatening infection characterized by the inflammation of the leptomeningeal membranes. Many different viral and bacterial pathogens can cause meningitis, with differences in mortality rates, risk of developing neurological sequelae, and treatment options. Here, we constructed a compendium of digital cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome maps to define pathogen-specific host response patterns in meningitis. The results revealed a drastic and pathogen-type specific influx of tissue-, cell-, and plasma proteins in the CSF, where, in particular, a large increase of neutrophil-derived proteins in the CSF correlated with acute bacterial meningitis. Additionally, both acute bacterial and viral meningitis result in marked reduction of brain-enriched proteins. Generation of a multiprotein LASSO regression model resulted in an 18-protein panel of cell- and tissue-associated proteins capable of classifying acute bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis. The same protein panel also enabled classification of tick-borne encephalitis, a subgroup of viral meningitis, with high sensitivity and specificity. The work provides insights into pathogen-specific host response patterns in CSF from different disease etiologies to support future classification of pathogen type based on host response patterns in meningitis.
An NKX2-1/ERK/WNT feedback loop modulates gastric identity and response to targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zewdu Rediet , Mehrabad Elnaz Mirzaei , Ingram Kelley , Fang Pengshu , Gillis Katherine L , Camolotto Soledad A , Orstad Grace , Jones Alex , Mendoza Michelle C , Spike Benjamin T , Snyder Eric L
Published: April 2021

Cancer cells undergo lineage switching during natural progression and in response to therapy. NKX2-1 loss in human and murine lung adenocarcinoma leads to invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA), a lung cancer subtype that exhibits gastric differentiation and harbors a distinct spectrum of driver oncogenes. In murine BRAFV600E-driven lung adenocarcinoma, NKX2-1 is required for early tumorigenesis, but dispensable for established tumor growth. NKX2-1-deficient, BRAFV600E-driven tumors resemble human IMA and exhibit a distinct response to BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Whereas BRAF/MEK inhibitors drive NKX2-1-positive tumor cells into quiescence, NKX2-1-negative cells fail to exit the cell cycle after the same therapy. BRAF/MEK inhibitors induce cell identity switching in NKX2-1-negative lung tumors within the gastric lineage, which is driven in part by WNT signaling and FoxA1/2. These data elucidate a complex, reciprocal relationship between lineage specifiers and oncogenic signaling pathways in the regulation of lung adenocarcinoma identity that is likely to impact lineage-specific therapeutic strategies.
Feature-based detection of automated language models: tackling GPT-2, GPT-3 and Grover
Authors: Fröhling Leon , Zubiaga Arkaitz
Published: April 2021

The recent improvements of language models have drawn much attention to potential cases of use and abuse of automatically generated text. Great effort is put into the development of methods to detect machine generations among human-written text in order to avoid scenarios in which the large-scale generation of text with minimal cost and effort undermines the trust in human interaction and factual information online. While most of the current approaches rely on the availability of expensive language models, we propose a simple feature-based classifier for the detection problem, using carefully crafted features that attempt to model intrinsic differences between human and machine text. Our research contributes to the field in producing a detection method that achieves performance competitive with far more expensive methods, offering an accessible “first line-of-defense” against the abuse of language models. Furthermore, our experiments show that different sampling methods lead to different types of flaws in generated text.
The effects of vegetable pickling conditions on the dynamics of microbiota and metabolites
Authors: Sawada Kazunori , Koyano Hitoshi , Yamamoto Nozomi , Yamada Takuji
Published: April 2021

Background

Salting is a traditional procedure for producing pickled vegetables. Salting can be used as a pretreatment, for safe lactic acid fermentation and for salt stock preparation. This study aimed to provide valuable knowledge to improve pickle production by investigating the dynamics of microbiota and metabolites during the pretreatment and salt stock preparation processes, which have previously been overlooked. The differences in these process conditions would be expected to change the microbiota and consequently influence the content of metabolites in pickles.

Methods

Samples, collected from eight commercial pickle manufacturers in Japan, consisted of the initial raw materials, pickled vegetables and used brine. The microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and the metabolites quantified by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses helped to identify any significant differences between samples from the initial raw materials, pretreatment process and salt stock preparation process groups.

Results

Under pretreatment conditions, aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria were predominant, including Vibrio, a potentially undesirable genus for pickle production. Under salt stock preparation conditions, the presence of halophilic bacteria, Halanaerobium, suggested their involvement in the increase in pyruvate derivatives such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). PICRUSt analysis indicated that the enhanced production of BCAA in salt stock was caused not by quantitative but by qualitative differences in the biosynthetic pathway of BCAA in the microbiota.

Conclusion

The differences in the microbiota between pretreatment and previously studied lactic acid fermentation processes emphasized the importance of anaerobic conditions and low pH under moderate salinity conditions for assuring safe pickle production. The results from the salt stock preparation process suggested that the Halanaerobium present may provide a key enzyme in the BCAA biosynthetic pathway which prefers NADH as a coenzyme. This feature can enhance BCAA production under anaerobic conditions where NADH is in excess. The effects shown in this study will be important for adjusting pickling conditions by changing the abundance of bacteria to improve the quality of pickled vegetables.
Phylogenomic analyses reveal a Gondwanan origin and repeated out of India colonizations into Asia by tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae)
Authors: Foley Saoirse , Krehenwinkel Henrik , Cheng Dong-Qiang , Piel William H.
Published: April 2021

The study of biogeography seeks taxa that share a key set of characteristics, such as timescale of diversification, dispersal ability, and ecological lability. Tarantulas are ideal organisms for studying evolution over continental-scale biogeography given their time period of diversification, their mostly long-lived sedentary lives, low dispersal rate, and their nevertheless wide circumtropical distribution. In tandem with a time-calibrated transcriptome-based phylogeny generated by PhyloBayes, we estimate the ancestral ranges of ancient tarantulas using two methods, DEC+j and BBM, in the context of their evolution. We recover two ecologically distinct tarantula lineages that evolved on the Indian Plate before it collided with Asia, emphasizing the evolutionary significance of the region, and show that both lineages diversified across Asia at different times. The most ancestral tarantulas emerge on the Americas and Africa 120 Ma–105.5 Ma. We provide support for a dual colonization of Asia by two different tarantula lineages that occur at least 20 million years apart, as well as a Gondwanan origin for the group. We determine that their current distributions are attributable to a combination of Gondwanan vicariance, continental rafting, and geographic radiation. We also discuss emergent patterns in tarantula habitat preferences through time.
Identification problems of travelling snail species—new exotic introductions to tropical greenhouses in Gothenburg, Sweden (Gastropoda: Achatinellidae, Strobilopsidae, Helicarionidae)
Authors: Richling Ira , Proschwitz Ted von
Published: April 2021

Three previously unreported species of tropical land snails were found in the greenhouses of the Gothenburg (Göteborg) Botanical Garden and the Public Science Center Universeum in Gothenburg. ForTornatellidescf.boeningi(Schmacker & Boettger, 1891) andOvachlamys fulgens(Gude, 1900) this is the first observed occurrence in a European greenhouse, whileDiscostrobilops hubbardi(Brown, 1861) was first reported very recently in the Vienna Botanical garden.TornatellidesandDiscostrobilopsseem to be spread with orchid culture and trade. Identification of theTornatellidesspecies proved extremely difficult and a genetic sequence-based approach completely failed due to the unavailability of reference data. This was unexpected considering the importance of these introduced species in horticultural trade. A broader assessment of available sequence data for genetic identification based on COI or 16S for other snail species reported from horticultural facilities showed that such reference data in GenBank are still scarce and only for a limited number of species this approach would support identification.
Discomforts in Critically ill Patients: Our Experience in Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Verma Reetu , Panda Sasmita , Nishad Rajeev Kumar
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Patients admitted in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) experiences various discomforts which may be recognised or unrecognised. These discomforts may arise from the environment, may be related to the ICU care and discomfort related to the health status of the patient and critical care interventions. Aim: To identify the various discomforts in ICU patients, to classify them with respective causes, identify the most common cause among them and whether ICU sedation helps in reducing discomforts. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted from 15th July to 15th October 2018 on 120 mixed ICU patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India. Patients who were admitted to ICU for more than 24 hours, aged 18 years and above, those who gave written informed consent were observed and enquired for any discomfort. Discomforts have been identified and recorded by a fulltime intensivist by direct observation, by interacting with the patients and asking the family members and others (indirect approach). Through this study discomforts of critically ill patients were broadly classified into four categories 1. Due to existing illness, 2. Due to ICU interventions, 3. Due to improper nursing care and 4. Due to environmental factors. Results: Out of 120 patients studied, 84 patients (70%) reported some kind of discomfort during their ICU stay. Existing illness was the most common cause of discomfort, 80 patients (66.6%) suffered due to it. ICU interventions was the second most common cause, 71 patients (59.1%) had discomfort due to interventions. Thirty five patients (29.1%) suffered due to improper nursing care and 25 patients (20.8%) suffered due to the environmental factors. In this study, it was observed that sedation reduces all kind of discomforts. conclusion: In this study 70% of patients, who were admitted to ICU due to various illness reported some kind of discomfort. The most common cause of ICU discomforts was existing illness followed by ICU interventions. In this study it was observed that sedation reduces all kind of discomforts. Sedated patients tolerate the endotracheal tube better and they had less environmental and procedure related discomforts. With the present study observation it can be suggested that ICU charts of nurses and doctors can carry a separate column for mentioning discomforts in different duty shifts. However, with the use of appropriate analgesia and sedation discomfort can be reduced.
Spontaneous Foetal Intracranial Haemorrhage: Scrutinising the Inscrutable
Authors: Jhirwal Manisha , Sharma Charu , Kathuria Priyanka , Shekhar Shashank
Published: April 2021

The incidence of major Intracranial Haemorrhage (ICH) is not the common finding in a post-mortem of stillborn. Subdural haemorrhage is mainly associated with obstetric trauma. Minor subarachnoid haemorrhage is observed in cases of intrapartum asphyxia and prematurity. It is very uncommon to find ICH in a foetus who has died before onset of labour. ICH is rare in low risk patient with no history of trauma, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, coagulation disorder and drug abuse. Here, authors presents a case of 30-year-old female patient whohad uneventful pregnancy till term when she had sudden intrauterine foetal demise without any precipitating cause. Autopsy of the foetus revealed spontaneous ICH, which included subdural and subarachnoid haemorrhage along with scalp haematoma.
APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA, ATIVIDADES EXPERIMENTAIS MULTISSENSORIAIS E INCLUSÃO DO ALUNO COM DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL: PERCEPÇÕES DE LICENCIANDOS E DOCENTES DE QUÍMICA / MEANINGFUL LEARNING, MULTISENSORY EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVITIES AND INCLUSION OF STUDENTS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT: CHEMISTRY TEACHERS AND UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS
Authors: Foques Franciane De Fátima , Sutil Noemi
Published: April 2021

Neste trabalho, articulam-se perspectivas de Aprendizagem Significativa à multissensorialidade, em delineamento pertinente às atividades experimentais multissensoriais. Com essa composição, evidenciam-se demandas para inclusão do aluno com deficiência visual no ensino de Química. Analisam-se percepções de licenciandos e docentes de Química sobre essas demandas. As proposições de interpretação incidem sobre registros em diário de campo e áudio, oriundos de quatro encontros em Oficina de Aprendizagem. Denotam-se percepções com alusão a aspectos interativos, comunicativos e de articulação de demandas, envolvendo docentes, alunos com deficiência visual e videntes. Os sujeitos expressaram concepção de aprendizagem com distinção de vertente lógica e psicológica, em perspectiva de multissensorialidade, e distinguiram características singulares e conhecimentos prévios; reconheceram processos de estabelecimento de relações pertinentes a domínio empírico-concreto e atributos essenciais de conceitos, alocando especificidades referentes a conteúdos de Química e obtenção de informações por diversos sentidos. Evidenciaram-se noções inadequadas de conteúdos de Química e sua abordagem.
Performance of Egyptian Cotton Exports in the Global Markets
Authors: Elsamie Mohamed A. , Zhou Deyi
Published: April 2021

This study focuses on the performance of Egyptian Cotton Exports in the global markets, and the important situation of those Exports in these Markets. ,The results show that quantity and value of Egyptian cotton Exports to the global markets has taken a decreasing trend during the study period, Also, we show that the relative importance of  value of Egyptian cotton Exports when compared to value of Total Exports has taken a decreasing, the relative importance of  value of Egyptian cotton Exports when compared to value of  Agricultural Exports has taken a decreasing, quantity, value and import price of cotton imports has taken an increasing trend during the study period, Also the results show that value of cotton spinning Exports has taken an increasing trend , quantity and value of the cotton textile Exports has taken an increasing trend, quantity and value of the cotton knitwear products Exports has taken an increasing trend, quantity and value of the Cotton clothing Exports has taken an increasing trend, quantity and value of the Medical cotton Exports has taken an increasing trend, quantity of the manufactured cotton products Exports has taken an increasing trend of 8.08 thousand tons, by 5.13% from the annual average of quantity of the manufactured cotton products Exports during the study period, Value of the manufactured cotton products Exports has taken an increasing trend of 81.2 million US$, by 5.91% of the annual average of Value of the manufactured cotton products Exports during the study period .
Willingness to Accept COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Determinants among Nigeria Citizens: A Web-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Eniade Olanrewaju Davies , Olarinmoye Abayomi , Otovwe Agofure , Akintunde Funke E. , Okedare Omowumi O. , Aniyeloye Adebukola O.
Published: April 2021

Background: The peculiarity in Nigerians’ demographic, socio-economic and cultural pattern necessitated the need to explore potential COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. This study investigated the determinants of willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria.

Methods: An online cross-sectional study among the general population in Nigeria. Data were collected using an electronic questionnaire.  A total of 368 individuals participated in the research. The outcome variable was willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine coded as “Yes=1 and No=0.”  Basic socio-demographic information of participants and other information related to COVID-19 were obtained. Stata MP 14 was used for the statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were presented, test of association were carried out using chi square and a binary logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine. All analyses were performed at 5% level of significance.

Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.4 + 9.65 years.  Majority of the study participants were female (58.9%), Yoruba (74.7%) and dwellers of urban area (68.5%). Also, 85.6% have attained tertiary level of education. Two-fifth (40.5%) of respondent reported their willingness to take the COVID-19 if made available. Majority (69.8%) of those that are willing to take the vaccine would prefer a live attenuated form and 39.6% would prefer the vaccine administered intramuscularly.

Age group≥40 years (AOR: 5.20, CI: 1.02- 26.41), currently married (AOR: 2.81, CI: 1.05 – 7.53) and susceptibility to COVID 19 infection (AOR: 2.52, CI: 1.21 – 5.26) were associated with likelihood of willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine.

Conclusion: Despite the fact that majority were at risk of COVID-19 infection, willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine was low among Nigerians. Level of maturity in terms of age and marriage as well as susceptibility to COVID-19 infection increased the likelihood of accepting COVID-19 infection. In Furtherance, younger ones, unmarried and non-susceptible individual may require more efforts tailored towards enrichment of understanding about the importance of COVID-19 vaccine in other to improve the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria.
Frequency domain analysis of the mirror‐modified filtered‐x least mean squares algorithm with low ambient noise
Authors: Lopes Paulo A. C. , Gerald José A. B.
Published: April 2021

The mirror‐modified filtered‐x least mean squares (MMFxLMS ) algorithm is a variation of the FxLMS algorithm with online secondary path modeling that cannot diverge due to secondary path modeling errors. However, problems may occur when the ambient noise is not limited due to insufficient modeling power. This work shows that under a frequency domain analysis without ambient noise, the MMFxLMS algorithm is always stable, and expressions for the maximum residual noise level at any given time are obtained. It is also shown that, under the same context, convergence to the minimum residual noise is guaranteed. Still, convergence can be much slower for high secondary path modeling errors than that of the LMS or MFxLMS algorithms. Simulations confirm these results.
Shards from the glass ceiling: Deconstructing marginalizing systems in relation to critical consciousness development
Authors: Kornbluh Mariah , Johnson Lesa , Hart Mackenzie
Published: April 2021

In this qualitative case study, the authors identify, name, and critique multi‐level contextual factors in relation to Black, Indigenous, and People of Color college student leaders’ and the authors’ own critical consciousness development applying Harrel’s Difference Framework, and Critical Race Theory. Located in a Northern California Sundown Town, the authors utilize focus groups, Photovoice data, and critical ethnography to document organizational and institutional responses towards student leaders’ and the authors’ involvement in multicultural programming and a Black Lives Matter Freedom School. Across data sources, the authors chronicle instances of the following: (1) devaluing through unpaid student labor, (2) distancing and siloing of multicultural student organizations on campus, (3) denial of the use of harmful and misinformed programmatic practices, and (4) defensiveness on the part of the administration regarding student narratives. Findings highlight implications within higher education surrounding addressing historic racial inequity, and illustrate the trauma invoked by ameliorative and premature institutional responses.
A trend skill that makes pediatric intensivists stand out: Critical care echocardiography
Authors: Yildizdas Dincer , Aslan Nagehan
Published: April 2021

Recently, the use of point‐of‐care ultrasonography (POCUS) by pediatricians especially in emergency and intensive care departments has become increasingly popular. Critical care echocardiography (CCE) quickly and accurately identifies cardiac function, allowing intensivists to manage critically ill pediatric patients by manipulating vasoactive–inotrope–fluid treatment based on the echocardiographic results. Training courses for POCUS are increasingly available and more intensivists are learning how to use CCE. In this review, we focus on the importance and utility of CCE in pediatric intensive units and how it assists in the management of hemodynamically unstable pediatric patients. We highlight the common measurements carried out by intensive care specialists and emphasize the role of the CCE methods in PICUs.
Deconstructive Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Morphine‐Family Alkaloid (−)‐Thebainone A
Authors: Hou Si‐Hua , Prichina Adriana Y. , Dong Guangbin
Published: April 2021

Herein, we describe the development of a deconstructive strategy for the first asymmetric synthesis of (−)‐thebainone A, capitalizing on an enantioselective C−C bond activation and a C−O bond cleavage reaction. The rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric “cut‐and‐sew” transformation between sterically hindered trisubstituted alkenes and benzocyclobutenones allowed efficient construction of the fused A/B/C rings and the quaternary center of the natural product. The newly optimized conditions show broad substrate scope and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99.5:0.5 er). Taking advantage of boron‐mediated ether bond cleavage, we completed the synthesis of the morphine alkaloid (−)‐thebainone A by two complementary routes.
Supported Single Atom Catalysts for C−H Activation: Selective C−H Oxidations, Dehydrogenations and Oxidative C−H/C−H Couplings
Authors: Martín Nuria , Cirujano Francisco G.
Published: April 2021

The activation of C−H bonds in hydrocarbons (saturated, unsaturated and aromatics) by single atom catalysts immobilized in a solid support is an active research front in catalysis. On the one hand, different examples of transition metal catalysts atomically dispersed on inorganic, organic and hybrid supports are constantly designed, synthesized and characterized using advanced microscopy and spectroscopic techniques. On the other hand, active, selective and stable single metal sites are recently developed as high performant heterogeneous catalysts for the C−H activation of organic molecules. This review covers recent examples of selective alkane and arene C−H oxidations, dehydrogenations of alkanes, as well as C−H/C−H oxidative couplings involving arenes, alkenes and alkynes, based on the use of supported single atom catalysts.
A pH‐Universal Hollow‐Mn3O4/MWCNT/Nafion™ Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Dhungana Pramod , Varapragasam Shelton J. P. , Vemuri Bhuvan , Baride Aravind , Shrestha Namita , Balasingam Mithira , Gadhamshetty Venkataramana , Koppang Miles D. , Hoefelmeyer James D.
Published: April 2021

Hollow Mn3O4 nanoparticles (diameter=31 nm, cavity diameter=16 nm, and shell thickness=7 nm) were attached to the surface of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). A suspension of hollow Mn3O4/MWCNT with Nafion™ was dropcast onto a glassy carbon electrode, and the electrochemical reduction of oxygen in aqueous solution was investigated with this electrode. We assess the role of MWCNT, hollow Mn3O4, and Nafion™ in the performance of the electrode, and investigate the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction. The electrode exhibits outstanding performance in measures of cathodic current density and onset potential, and performed similarly well in acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions.
Selective Enhancement of Electrochemical Signal Based on the Size of Alcohols Using Nanoporous Platinum
Authors: Bang Jae Jin , Han Donghoon , Shin Jinsik , Chung Taek Dong , Bae Je Hyun
Published: April 2021

Nanoporous electrodes are representative electrode materials for diverse applications, such as energy conversion devices and sensors. Recently, selectivity based on the size of ions arising from nanoporous structures has been applied to capacitive deionization, electrochemical supercapacitors, and conductometry. Herein, we explored the selectivity based on the size of the redox molecules on the electrochemical reaction at the nanoporous Pt electrode with extremely small (1–2 nm) and uniform pores by linear sweep voltammetry and AC impedance spectroscopy. Among primary alcohols with sizes smaller than that of the pores, we observed exceptional selective enhancement in the case of methanol due to its smallest size, despite all the alcohols having a similar reaction mechanism. These findings may provide an insight into electrochemical analysis and electrocatalysis based on nanoporous structures.
Chemically modified wood – sustainable and climate‐friendly – a promising material for a better future? Recent research approaches in school
Authors: Maaß Mona‐Christin , Völker Florian , Emmerich Lukas , Militz Holger , Waitz Thomas
Published: April 2021

Holz hat zahlreiche Vorteile gegenüber anderen Materialien: Es ist nachhaltig, hat eine gute CO2‐ und Energiebilanz, ist aufgrund seiner biologischen Abbaubarkeit umweltfreundlich und seine mechanischen Eigenschaften sind so gut, dass es als Baumaterial z. B. für mehrstöckige Häuser genutzt wird. Außerdem lassen sich offensichtlich nachteilige Eigenschaften von Holz gegenüber anderen Materialien dank moderner Forschung inzwischen durch chemische Modifizierungen hinreichend verbessern: Chemisch modifiziertes Holz hat eine höhere Dauerhaftigkeit und quillt bzw. schwindet bei einer Änderung der Umgebungsbedingungen nicht so stark wie naturbelassenes Holz. Neben Materialien wie biobasierten Kunststoffen oder Kompositen aus Holz und Kunststoffen könnte daher chemisch modifiziertes Holz und damit die Chemie in Zukunft einen Beitrag zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit und Klima‐ sowie Umweltschutz leisten. In diesem Beitrag werden fachliche Grundlagen zum Aufbau, zur molekularen Struktur und chemischen Modifizierung von Holz und anknüpfende curriculumsbezogene Experimente präsentiert, die Einblicke in die aktuelle Forschung geben und mit denen in der Schule oder in einem Schülerlabor Aspekte der Polymerchemie im Kontext von Nachhaltigkeit und Klimaschutz unterrichtet werden können.
New Paradigm in NKT Cell Antigens: MCS‐0208 (2‐(Hydroxymethyl)phenylthio‐phytoceramide) – an Aryl‐Phytoceramide Compound with a Single Hydroxyl Group Stimulates NKT Cells
Authors: Borràs‐Tudurí Roser , Alcaide Anna , Aspeslag Sandrine , Usero Lorena , Serra Carmen , Roura‐Mir Carme , Elewaut Dirk , Llebaria Amadeu
Published: April 2021

Natural Killer T (NKT) cells play an important role in the immune response and can be activated by glycolipids presented by CD1d protein. We present MCS‐0208, an unprecedented arylthioether‐phytoceramide able to induce potent invariant NKT (iNKT) cell activation, notably when tested in human iNKT cells. This arylsphingolipid analog has a simple phenyl group containing a single hydroxyl substituent as a surrogate of the sugar ring. The phenylthioether structure contrasts with α‐galactosylceramide (1), the prototypical glycolipid used to induce iNKT cell stimulation, where the galactose 2’‐OH and 3’‐OH substituents are accepted as the minimal footprint and considered critical for NKT T cell receptor (TCR) recognition. A computational study supports the recognition of aromatic compound by the CD1d and TCR proteins as radically new structures for NKT cell stimulation.