bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiscale neural gradients reflect transdiagnostic effects of major psychiatric conditions on cortical morphology
Authors: Park Bo-yong , Kebets Valeria , Larivière Sara , Hettwer Meike D. , Paquola Casey , van Rooij Daan , Buitelaar Jan , Franke Barbara , Hoogman Martine , Schmaal Lianne , Veltman Dick J. , van den Heuvel Odile A. , Stein Dan J. , Andreassen Ole A. , Ching Christopher R. K. , Turner Jessica A. , van Erp Theo G. M. , Evans Alan C. , Dagher Alain , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Thompson Paul M. , Valk Sofie L. , Kirschner Matthias , Bernhardt Boris C.
Published: September 2022

It is increasingly recognized that multiple psychiatric conditions are underpinned by shared neural pathways, affecting similar brain systems. Here, we carried out a multiscale neural contextualization of shared alterations of cortical morphology across six major psychiatric conditions (autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depression disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia). Our framework cross-referenced shared morphological anomalies with respect to cortical myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture, as well as connectome and neurotransmitter organization. Pooling disease-related effects on MRI-based cortical thickness measures across six ENIGMA working groups, including a total of 28,546 participants (12,876 patients and 15,670 controls), we identified a cortex-wide dimension of morphological changes that described a sensory-fugal pattern, with paralimbic regions showing the most consistent alterations across conditions. The shared disease dimension was closely related to cortical gradients of microstructure as well as neurotransmitter axes, specifically cortex-wide variations in serotonin and dopamine. Multiple sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness with respect to slight variations in analytical choices. Our findings embed shared effects of common psychiatric conditions on brain structure in multiple scales of brain organization, and may provide insights into neural mechanisms of transdiagnostic vulnerability.
Microbes from Mum: symbiont transmission in the tropical reef sponge Ianthella basta
Authors: Engelberts J Pamela , Abdul Wahab Muhammad A , Maldonado Manuel , Rix Laura , Marangon Emma , Robbins Steven J , Wagner Michael , Webster Nicole S
Published: September 2022

Most marine sponge species harbour distinct communities of microorganisms which contribute to various aspects of their host’s health and physiology. In addition to their key roles in nutrient transformations and chemical defence, these symbiotic microbes can shape sponge phenotype by mediating important developmental stages and influencing the environmental tolerance of the host. However, the characterisation of each microbial taxon throughout a sponge’s life cycle remains challenging, with several sponge species hosting up to 3000 distinct microbial species. Ianthella basta, an abundant broadcast spawning species in the Indo-Pacific, is an emerging model for sponge symbiosis research as it harbours only three dominant symbionts: a Thaumarchaeotum, a Gammaproteobacterium, and an Alphaproteobacterium. Here, we successfully spawned Ianthella basta, characterised its mode of reproduction, and used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridisation, and transmission electron microscopy to characterise the microbial community throughout its life cycle. We confirmed I. basta as being gonochoric and showed that the three dominant symbionts, which together make up >90% of the microbiome according to 16S rRNA gene abundance, are vertically transmitted from mother to offspring by a unique method involving encapsulation in the peri-oocytic space, suggesting an obligate relationship between these microbes and their host.
Deciphering the single electron transfer ability of fluorene under photoredox conditions
Authors: Dey Dhananjay , Kundu Abhishek , Mandal Baishanal , Roy Monojit , Adhikari Debashis
Published: September 2022

Carbanion of fluorene can promote single electron transfer under photochemical conditions which generates multiple species to trigger a cascade of electron transfers, overall amplifying the rate.
Sacrificial template synthesis of hollow-structured NiCoP microcubes as novel electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Xiaobo , Zhuang Yefei
Published: September 2022

Nanosheet-based NiCoP hollow microcubes with abundant active sites have been synthesized, and they exhibit excellent performance in supercapacitor applications.
Capture and immobilization of gaseous ruthenium tetroxide RuO4 in the UiO-66-NH2 metal–organic framework
Authors: Leloire Maëva , Nerisson Philippe , Pourpoint Frédérique , Huvé Marielle , Paul Jean-François , Cantrel Laurent , Loiseau Thierry , Volkringer Christophe
Published: September 2022

UiO-66-NH2 is a highly efficient porous material for the capture and immobilization of gaseous RuO4, a highly toxic molecule produced during a nuclear accident.
Heterometal doping on nickel selenide corrugations for solar-assisted electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Chen Weiwu , Qin Zhaojun , Wang Zhiming M.
Published: September 2022

Inducing sunlight is an avenue for NiSe to be a better (HER) electrocatalyst.
Modulating the deep-level defects and charge extraction for efficient perovskite solar cells with high fill factor over 86%
Authors: Li Xingcheng , Wu Xin , Li Bo , Cen Zeyan , Shang Yanbo , Lian Weitao , Cao Rui , Jia Lingbo , Li Zhen , Gao Danpeng , Jiang Xiaofen , Chen Tao , Lu Yalin , Zhu Zonglong , Yang Shangfeng
Published: September 2022

An effective way has been developed to realize high-performance perovskite solar cells. The relationship between deep-level defects, carrier mobility, charge extraction efficiency and fill factor (FF) was investigated, and the FF loss was analyzed.
Sludge-based biochar with lanthanum modification for phosphate recovery from wastewater streams
Authors: Pan Jingshi , Yang Haiyan , Liu Lei , Li Biqing , Tang Xia , Wu Xuewei , Zhang Liguo , Ying Guang-Guo
Published: September 2022

Sludge based biochar granules were prepared and modified with lanthanum for effective phosphate recovery from wastewater and anaerobic digestion liquid.
Biological effects of the olive tree and its derivatives on the skin
Authors: Melguizo-Rodríguez Lucía , González-Acedo Anabel , Illescas-Montes Rebeca , García-Recio Enrique , Ramos-Torrecillas Javier , Costela-Ruiz Victor J. , García-Martínez Olga
Published: September 2022

The olive tree and its derivatives are of great interest in the field of biomedicine due to their numerous health properties.
Strategy for optimizing the synthesis and characterization of activated carbons obtained by chemical activation of coffee husk
Authors: Ngueabouo Alvine Mirabelle Soukoua , Tagne Rufis Fregue Tiegam , Tchuifon Donald Raoul Tchuifon , Fotsop Cyrille Ghislain , Tamo Arnaud Kamdem , Anagho Solomon Gabche
Published: September 2022

Optimize the main influencing factors in the synthesis of high performance materials (activated carbon) obtained from coffee husk as a widely available lignocellulosic precursor and study its textural and chemical characteristics.
The extent of carbon surface oxygen affinity and its effects on the activity of metal-free carbon catalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction: the interplay of porosity and N-, O- and S-enriched surface chemistry
Authors: Florent Marc , Hashmi Raabia , Bandosz Teresa J.
Published: September 2022

The surface of highly porous carbon black, Black Pearl 2000, was modified with urea and thiourea to introduce only N- or N- and S-containing functional groups. They enhanced its activity in the oxygen reduction reaction.
Metal–organic frameworks loaded Au nanozymes with enhanced peroxidase-like activity for multi-targeted biodetection
Authors: Liu Quan , Wang Hanhan , Yang Qi , Tong Yuping , He Weiwei
Published: September 2022

Benefiting from the enhanced POD-like activity of Au/UiO-66, multi-target detection of glucose, dopamine and sulfide ion was realized based on a distinct mechanism.
Direct fabrication of high-quality vertical graphene nanowalls on arbitrary substrates without catalysts for tidal power generation
Authors: Zhu Junkui , Shen Honglie , Wang Zehui , Li Yufang , Wu Tianru , Mao Weibiao , Zhang Jingzhe
Published: September 2022

The non-catalytic preparation of high-quality vertical graphene nanowalls (VGNs) and graphene-based high output power hydrovoltaic effect power generation devices has always been difficult to achieve.
Nanoenzyme–chitosan hydrogel complex with cascade catalytic and self-reinforced antibacterial performance for accelerated healing of diabetic wounds
Authors: Li Zhiguo , Fan Xiaotong , Luo Zheng , Loh Xian Jun , Ma Yedong , Ye Enyi , Wu Yun-Long , He Chaobin , Li Zibiao
Published: September 2022

A multifunctional hydrogel complex consisting of the GCNE composite and thermo-responsive chitosan can perform cascade catalytic reactions to continuously supply oxygen and strengthen the antibacterial activities in diabetic wound healing.
Optimization of Fe/Ni organic frameworks with core–shell structures for efficient visible-light-driven reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide
Authors: Gu Lin , Deng Guozhi , Huang Ruting , Shi Xianyang
Published: September 2022

A Fe/Ni-T120 core–shell structure was successfully prepared using a solvothermal process, and it exhibits a wide visible-light response range and selective conversion of CO2 to CO.
Iodine and ammonium persulfate mediated activation of DMSO: an approach to N-formylation of amides and synthesis of isatins
Authors: Bhat Showkat Ahmad , Bhat Mohammad Yaqoob , Rather Suhail A. , Gani Ifshana , Bhat Khursheed Ahmad , Ahmed Qazi Naveed
Published: September 2022

An efficient strategy towards N-formylation of amides and oxidation of indolines to isatins is described.
Sandwich structure Aloin-PVP/Aloin-PVP-PLA/PLA as a wound dressing to accelerate wound healing
Authors: Li Weiping , Wang Jingyu , Cheng Zhiqiang , Yang Guixia , Zhao Chunli , Gao Feng , Zhang Zhongkai , Qian Yinjie
Published: September 2022

Flow chart for the preparation of “sandwich” nanofiber membranes.
New insights into the reactivity of aminomethylene derivatives of resorc[4]arene: amine group transfer, conformational analysis, reaction mechanism
Authors: Iwanek Waldemar
Published: September 2022

Using the example of aminomethylene derivatives of resorc[4]arene and their Michael reaction with 4-hydroxycoumarin, the possibility of transferring an amine molecule from substrate to product is demonstrated.
Universal and ultrasensitive detection of foodborne bacteria on a lateral flow assay strip by using wheat germ agglutinin-modified magnetic SERS nanotags
Authors: Tu Zhijie , Cheng Siyun , Dong Hao , Wang Wenqi , Yang Xingsheng , Gu Bing , Wang Shengqi , Wang Chongwen
Published: September 2022

A universal SERS-based lateral flow assay was proposed for highly sensitive detection of foodborne bacteria in food and environmental samples using wheat germ agglutinin-modified Fe3O4@Au nanotags.
Molecular dynamics simulation study of adsorption of anionic–nonionic surfactants at oil/water interfaces
Authors: Shi Peng , Luo Haibin , Tan Xuefei , Lu Yang , Zhang Hui , Yang Xin
Published: September 2022

Four anionic–nonionic surfactants with the same headgroups and different units of oxygen ethyl (EO) and oxygen propyl (PO) were adopted to investigate the influence on oil/water interfacial tensions in this article.
Dearomative gem-diprenylation of hydroxynaphthalenes by an engineered fungal prenyltransferase
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Li Dan , Wang Wenxuan , Xu Kangping , Tan Guishan , Li Jing , Li Shu-Ming , Yu Xia
Published: September 2022

A new catalyst for regiospecific dearomative gem-diprenylation of α-hydroxynaphthalenes from the F253G mutant of the fungal prenyltransferase CdpC3PT.
Evaluation and comparison of antioxidant abilities of five bioactive molecules with C–H and O–H bonds in thermodynamics and kinetics
Authors: Fu Yan-Hua , Wang Zhen , Wang Kai , Shen Guang-Bin , Zhu Xiao-Qing
Published: September 2022

In this work, the antioxidant abilities of NADH coenzyme analogue BNAH, F420 reduction prototype analogue F420H, vitamin C analogue iAscH−, caffeic acid, and (+)-catechin in acetonitrile in chemical reactions were studied and discussed.
Tuning the anticancer properties of Pt(ii) complexes via structurally flexible N-(2-picolyl)salicylimine ligands
Authors: Al-Rashdi Kamelah S. , Babgi Bandar A. , Ali Ehab M. M. , Davaasuren Bambar , Jedidi Abdesslem , Emwas Abdul-Hamid M. , Alrayyani Maymounah A. , Jaremko Mariusz , Humphrey Mark G. , Hussien Mostafa A.
Published: September 2022

Three tridentate Schiff base ligands were synthesized from the reactions between 2-picolylamine and salicylaldehyde derivatives (3-ethoxy (OEt), 4-diethylamino (NEt2) and 4-hydroxy (OH)).
Synthesis of photoresponsive and photoemissive ultrathin 2D nanosheets of In2S3 achieved through a new single source molecular precursor
Authors: Karmakar Gourab , Tyagi Adish , Shah Alpa Y. , Kumbhare Liladhar B. , Wadawale A. P. , Kedarnath G. , Singh Vishal
Published: September 2022

Quantum confined ultrathin nanosheets of In2S3 were synthesized from a new structurally characterized molecular precursor. The prototype photoelectrochemical cell based on the material exhibited high photostability and photoresponsivity.
Surface state modulation of blue-emitting carbon dots with high quantum yield and high product yield
Authors: Lei Mingxiu , Xie Yanting , Chen Lin , Liu Xinghua , Yang Yongzhen , Zheng Jingxia , Li Qiang
Published: September 2022

Carbon dots (CDs) with high quantum yield (QY) and product yield (PY) were achieved benefited from higher content of CO bond, pyrrolic N, and pyridinic N, as well as lower content of amino N and crosslinking structure of CDs.
Impact of poly(ethylene glycol) functionalized lipids on ordering and fluidity of colloid supported lipid bilayers
Authors: Giakoumatos Emma C. , Gascoigne Levena , Gumí-Audenis Berta , García Álvaro González , Tuinier Remco , Voets Ilja K.
Published: September 2022

Colloid Supported lipid bilayer membrane fluidity is dependent on the amount of lipopolymers incorporated for stabilization. Beyond a threshold mol fraction of lipopolymers, lateral mobility is significantly reduced due to heterogeneity.
Key encapsulation mechanism based on polar codes
Authors: Hooshmand Reza , Khoshfekr Mahdi
Published: September 2022

This paper introduces a key encapsulation mechanism based on polar codes, called as KEM‐PC, with secure and efficient key generation, encapsulation and decapsulation algorithms. In the proposed KEM‐PC, the ephemeral public encapsulation and secret decapsulation keys, which are generated at each key exchange session, are employed. By introducing secure polar coding and exploiting the characteristics of polar codes, the ephemeral secret decapsulation key size is reduced. Also, by exploiting the secure polar encoding, KEM‐PC has a proper security level against information set decoding and indistinguishable chosen plaintext attack. In fact, decreasing the ephemeral secret decapsulation key size of KEM‐PC has no impact on its security level. Moreover, the proposed KEM‐PC has a potential to be exploited in an authenticated key exchange protocol. The aforementioned properties make the proposed KEM‐PC usable in secure communication devices.
A system‐level performance evaluation of a reconfigurable filtenna in the presence of in‐ and out‐of‐band blockers
Authors: Henthorn Stephen , Ford Kenneth Lee , O'Farrell Timothy
Published: September 2022

Direct RF sampling has been suggested as a solution for receivers that are flexible in frequency and across standards, while utilising only a single radio frequency front‐end. However there are concerns about their robustness in the presence of out‐of‐band and in‐band blockers. Tunable filtennas offer a solution to this, incorporating filtering into the antenna space while providing rejection of unwanted signals. This paper presents a filtenna containing reconfigurable frequency selective surfaces to provide tunable filtering between 1.44 and 1.95 GHz. The filtenna is characterised as an antenna and a filter, showing minimum 18 dB rejection across the principle beamwidths. It is then implemented in a direct RF sampling receiver and is shown to provide sufficient rejection of blockers to cause no degradation in the received error vector magnitude (EVM) and block error rate (BLER) of LTE signals when subject to 5G NR‐compliant blocking signals. The in‐band blocker performance is also characterised, showing at most 3 dB degradation in EVM and BLER.
Robust localization based on non‐parametric kernel technique
Authors: Park Chee‐Hyun , Chang Joon‐Hyuk
Published: September 2022

Parametric approaches are primarily used in the context of robust localization. However, the localization performance is degraded when there is a mismatch between the assumed model and the actual situation. To circumvent this problem, in this letter, a robust weighted least squares (WLS) method based on the non‐parametric kernel density estimator (KDE) and kernel regressor (Nadaraya–Watson estimator) is proposed. First, the line‐of‐sight (LOS)/non‐LOS mixture distribution is obtained using the KDE and the support corresponding to the first peak is determined as a distance estimate. Subsequently, kernel regression is performed to calculate the conditional mean and variance of the conditional mean is then estimated. Moreover, the transformed range and its variance are obtained. Subsequently, the two‐step WLS method is applied with this information. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform the conventional methods in terms of localization.
A novel hardware Trojan detection method based on sweep‐frequency test
Authors: He Chunhua , Lei Dengyun , Wu Heng , Cheng Lianglun , Huang Qinwen , Yan Guizhen
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes a novel hardware Trojan detection method based on sweep‐frequency test since Trojan horse threatens information security seriously. An equivalent parasitic and load circuit model, and analysis method are depicted in detail. Experimental results of the amplitude‐frequency responses between the input and output accord with the simulation results. 11 golden chips and 9 Trojan chips are used for the sweep‐frequency tests, and the golden chips can be distinguished from Trojan chips accurately based on the relationship between the peak and valley resonant frequencies, which indicates that the proposed model and detection method are effective.
MPGI‐Terminal defect detection based on M‐FRCNN
Authors: Liu Qunpo , Wang Mengke , Wang Haixing , Hanajima Naohiko
Published: September 2022

Micro‐precision glass insulated terminal (MPGI‐Terminal) is a high‐precision and widely used micro‐precision component. The MPGI‐Terminal is small in size with 2–5 mm in diameter. It is difficult to distinguish missing blocks on the surface during manual inspection, which is prone to false detection and missing detection. The advantages of deep learning methods in the field of object detection have gradually highlighted. They can be used to construct the missing block detection model of MPGI‐Terminal. A Max‐Min Intersection over Union (MIoU) loss function based on overlap area, distance and aspect ratio is proposed, which helps the model to perform bounding box regression more reasonably, so as to obtain the object position more accurately. In addition, the Spatial Attention Module (SAM) and the Region of Interest Alignment (RoI Align) module are introduced to further improve the model performance. Based on the above modules, a MPGI‐Terminal missing block detection model based on M‐FRCNN is constructed. The results show that the proposed model can meet the requirements of fast and high accuracy of MPGI‐Terminal missing block detection.
Coordinated constant voltage control strategies of a battery‐free medium‐voltage direct current system incorporating distributed photovoltaic generation units
Authors: Fan Yiwen , Chi Yongning , Li Yan , Fan Xiaojie , Liu Hongzhi
Published: September 2022

Traditional distributed photovoltaic generation units (DPVGUs) with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategies are generally regarded as current sources without voltage regulation capability. Due to the lack of voltage regulation capability of DPVGUs, this paper proposes two control strategies to realise the voltage regulation capability of a battery‐free medium‐voltage DC (MVDC) system incorporating DPVGUs in the off‐grid mode. A primary control strategy used on an individual DPVGU is proposed first, which is called an improved DC constant voltage control (CVC) strategy. Under this strategy, the maximum dynamic output characteristics of a photovoltaic (PV) panel and the boost capability of a DC/DC boost converter can be fully utilised to control the MVDC system bus voltage. Secondly, the sequential coordinated constant voltage control (SCCVC) strategy is then proposed on the condition that the limitation of the voltage regulation capability of an individual DPVGU is reached. Under the SCCVC strategy, according to the sequence of the voltage regulation capability of the DPVGUs from large to small, the DPVGUs take turns to operate in the improved DC CVC strategy to realise the voltage control function. Furthermore, simulations using the RTDS are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies in actual applications.
First JWST observations of a gravitational lens
Authors: Caminha G. B. , Suyu S. H. , Mercurio A. , Brammer G. , Bergamini P. , Acebron A. , Vanzella E.
Published: September 2022

We present our lens mass model of SMACS J0723.3−7327, the first strong gravitational lens observed by theJames WebbSpace Telescope (JWST). We use data from theHubbleSpace Telescope and the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) to build our ‘pre-JWST’ lens model and then refine it with newly available JWST near-infrared imaging in our JWST model. To reproduce the positions of all multiple lensed images with good accuracy, the adopted mass parameterisation consists of one cluster-scale component, accounting mainly for the dark matter distribution, the galaxy cluster members, and an external shear component. The pre-JWST model has, as constraints, 19 multiple images from six background sources, of which four have secure spectroscopic redshift measurements from this work. The JWST model has more than twice the number of constraints: 30 additional multiple images from another 11 lensed sources. Both models can reproduce the multiple image positions very well, with aδrmsof 0.​​″39 and 0.​​″51 for the pre-JWST and JWST models, respectively. The total mass estimates within a radius of 128 kpc (roughly the Einstein radius) are 7.9−0.2+0.3 × 1013 M⊙and 8.7−0.2+0.2 × 1013 M⊙for the pre-JWST and JWST models, respectively. We predict with our mass models the redshifts of the newly detected JWST sources, which is crucial information, especially for systems without spectroscopic measurements, for further studies and follow-up observations. Interestingly, one family detected with JWST is found to be at a very high redshift,z > 7.5 (68% confidence level), and with one image that has a lensing magnification of |μ| = 9.5−0.8+0.9, making it an interesting case for future studies. The lens models, including magnification maps and redshifts estimated from the model, are made publicly available, along with the full spectroscopic redshift catalogue from MUSE.
Effect of temperature on corrosion inhibition by ethanolic extract of Eriobotrya Japonica seeds in chloride medium 1M
Authors: Bouiti Khalid , aldeen Al-sharabi Hefdh , Bensemlali Meryem , Bouhlal Fatima , Abidi Brahim , Labjar Najoua , Laasri Said , El Hajjaji Souad
Published: September 2022

This work investigated the effect of temperature on corrosion of C38 steel in a hydrochloric medium (1M) in the absence and presence of the ethanolic extract from Eriobotrya Japonica (ERJ) seeds treated by maceration. For a better understanding of the corrosion process, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques had applied by increasing the temperature from 303.15 K to 333.15 K. Moreover, studying adsorption isotherms and determining thermodynamic parameters to understand the mechanism adopted in the adsorption of ERJ molecules on the metal surface. The results reveal that the inhibition efficiency increases with higher inhibitor concentration and decreases slightly with increasing temperature. Thus, the Langmuir model is the best model to fit the data obtained, and the adsorption follows a spontaneous physisorption process. According to the evolution of enthalpy, entropy, and activation energy, the inhibition capacity decreases is associated with a slow endothermic dissolution due to forming an active complex on the surface of C38.
Gestion d'une lésion en regard d'une articulation : illustration par une plaie en face d'un carpe
Authors: de Chaisemartin Charles
Published: September 2022

L’atteinte des structures synoviales est fréquente en cas de plaie des membres et peut engager le pronostic sportif, voir vital du cheval. A travers ce rapport de cas, un exemple est donné de l’évaluation d’une structure synoviale.

Un hongre est référé après avoir été retrouvé avec une plaie en face dorso-latérale du carpe droit. Bien que la plaie soit en regard de l’articulation radiocarpienne droite, l’examen met en évidence une atteinte des couches plus profondes quand le membre est mis en flexion. La ponction du liquide synovial et un test de distension mettront en évidence une contamination de l’articulation médio-carpienne en communication avec la plaie. Une arthroscopie permettra finalement d’affiner le diagnostic, de laver l’articulation et de fermer la plaie.

Ce cas souligne l’importance de l’évaluation des structures touchées initialement. L’observation des tissus en position statique ne correspond pas toujours à la position des tissus lors de la chute. La confirmation d’atteinte articulaire a été réalisée grâce à la ponction de l’espace synovial. Avec le test de distension, ce geste remplit des objectifs diagnostiques et thérapeutiques. Cette manipulation peut freiner les praticiens sur le terrain. Pourtant, elles ne sont la résultante d’une infection que dans moins de 0,1 % des cas. Enfin, le comptage cellulaire ne constitue que l’un des paramètres à évaluer. La couleur, la quantité, la turbidité, la viscosité et la quantité de protéines sont également des paramètres qui rentrent en compte dans l’analyse.
Roboterassistierte Thoraxchirurgie: derzeit verfügbare Standardsysteme und künftige Entwicklungen
Authors: Hofmann Hans-Stefan
Published: September 2022

Der Trend zur Durchführung robotergestützter Operationen in der Thoraxchirurgie hat in den letzten 10 Jahren zugenommen. Die bekannten Vorteile der videoassistierten Thoraxchirurgie (VATS)
im Vergleich zum offenen Zugang gelten auch für die Roboterchirurgie, ergänzt durch eine 3-D-Kamera, spezifische Instrumente mit großem Bewegungsumfang der Instrumentenspitze und eine
ergonomische Konsole. Die Anwendung der Robotertechnologie bei thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen hat sich als sicher und mit gleichwertigen onkologischen Ergebnissen erwiesen. Der
Da Vinci-Roboter war das erste kommerziell erhältliche Robotersystem in der Chirurgie. In den letzten Jahren sind mehrere andere Robotersysteme auf den Markt gekommen. Im Aufbau und der
Anwendung unterscheiden sich die aktuellen Robotersysteme.

Das Ziel dieser Übersicht ist es, die aktuellen Systeme in der roboterassistierten Thoraxchirurgie (RATS) sowie zukünftige Entwicklungen bei RATS zu beschreiben.
Was wissen Sie über … Nerven?
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: September 2022

In dieser Ausgabe beschäftigen sich alle Wissensquiz-Fragen mit Nerven.
Effect of Nigella Sativa in Improving Blood Glucose Level in
T2DM: Systematic Literature Review of Randomized Control Trials
Authors: Hoda Farazul , Khanam Afifa , Thareja Mehak , Arshad Mawrah , Ahtar Mohd , Najmi Abul Kalam
Published: September 2022

Background Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent condition that affects
people of all ages, races, and genders. Medicinal herbs have received a lot of
attention from researchers, and they have suggested it to be a good adjuvant to
oral diabetes medications because of their combined effects.

Objectives The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the
available evidences and literature of Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) on
Nigella sativa (NS) in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(T2DM).

Methods A computerised database search was performed to obtain the
relevant clinical trial studies. We searched the following PubMed and Google
Scholar databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing NS versus any
treatment for the management of T2DM in adults were eligible for inclusion.

Results A total of 7 articles were retrieved for interpretation, complete
assessment and data extraction in this systematic review. This systematic review
seeks to give thorough information on the effects of NS on glucose and insulin
profile status in patients with T2DM.

Interpretation & Conclusion Different mechanisms are proposed
which contribute to the anti-diabetic activity of NS. Various outcome parameters
evaluated demonstrate a significant improvement in the management of T2DM and
its complications upon intervention with NS.
Reinke Edema: Factors that Interfere with Vocal Recovery after Surgery
Authors: Lima Neto José Luiz , Fonseca Antônio Rodrigues Bueno da , Tavares Elaine Lara Mendes , Gramuglia Andrea Cristina Joia , Martins Regina Helena Garcia
Published: September 2022

Introduction Dysphonia and lower pitch after surgery of Reinke edema are common. They are caused especially due to chronic smoking but, probably, other factors should be associated.

Objectives To evaluate the results of laryngeal microsurgery in patients with Reinke edema, following a standardized postoperative guidance protocol in our service.

Methods Retrospective study. Thirty patients (3 males; 27 females) were included, 70% between 41 and 60 years old. The parameters analyzed in the pre- and postoperative (between 4 and 6 months) of patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery for Reinke edema were: smoking, vocal symptoms, videolaryngostroboscopy, voice therapy, perceptual and acoustic vocal evaluation, histopathological report.

Results Smoking was reported by 100% of the patients and maintained in the postoperative period by 80%. Complete improvement of symptoms in the postoperative period was reported by 43% of them, partial improvement by 40%, and maintenance by 17%.

There was low adherence to voice therapy in the pre- and postsurgery.

Postoperative videolaryngoscopy indicated congestion (19), atrophy and bowed vocal fold (1), subepithelial edema (2), and normal findings (8). The histological findings were subepithelial edema, enlargement of vessels, inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, and thickening of the basement membrane. The perceptual and acoustic vocal analyzes indicated improvement of the analyzed parameters.

Conclusions The maintenance of some vocal symptoms and laryngeal alterations in videolaryngoscopy after microsurgery of Reinke edema is frequent, even in patients who follow the recommendations of vocal rest and control of gastroesophageal reflux. Vocal symptoms are attributed to changes in the laryngeal mucosa caused by chronic smoking, aggravated by the maintenance of addiction in the postoperative period.
Novel Therapy for Acquired Tracheomalacia with a Tissue-Engineered Extraluminal Tracheal Splint and Autologous Mesenchymal-Derived Chondrocytes
Authors: Melgarejo-Ramírez Yaaziel , Ceballos-Cantú Juan C. , Montes-Olave Eric de J. , Hernández-Tapia Bruno , Rojas-Figueroa Víctor , Ramírez-Arroyo Gabriela , Cortés-Acosta Fabiana , Dorantes-Pavón Mario , Lecona-Butrón Hugo , Beltrán-Rodríguez-Cabo Olga E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction Acquired tracheomalacia (ATM) is characterized by a loss of structural strength of the tracheal framework, resulting in airway collapse during breathing. Near half of the patients undergoing prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation will suffer tracheal lesions. Treatment for ATM includes external splinting with rib grafts, prosthetic materials, and tracheal resection. Failure in the use of prosthetic materials has made reconsidering natural origin scaffolds and tissue engineering as a suitable alternative.

Objective To restore adequate airway patency in an ovine model with surgically-induced ATM employing a tissue-engineered extraluminal tracheal splint (TE-ETS).

Methods In the present prospective pilot study, tracheal rings were partially resected to induce airway collapse in 16 Suffolk sheep (Ovis aries). The TE-ETS was developed with autologous mesenchymal-derived chondrocytes and allogenic decellularized tracheal segments and was implanted above debilitated tracheal rings. The animals were followed-up at 8, 12, and 16 weeks and at 1-year postinsertion. Flexible tracheoscopies were performed at each stage. After sacrifice, a histopathological study of the trachea and the splint were performed.

Results The TE-ETS prevented airway collapse for 16 weeks and up to 1-year postinsertion. Tracheoscopies revealed a noncollapsing airway during inspiration. Histopathological analyses showed the organization of mesenchymal-derived chondrocytes in lacunae, the proliferation of blood vessels, and recovery of epithelial tissue subjacent to the splint. Splints without autologous cells did not prevent airway collapse.

Conclusion It is possible to treat acquired tracheomalacia with TE-ETS without further surgical removal since it undergoes physiological degradation. The present study supports the development of tissue-engineered tracheal substitutes for airway disease.
Role of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Urolithiasis
Authors: Mehra Shibani
Published: September 2022

Objectives The objectives of this study are to describe the role of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in evaluation of renal stones in current practice and elaborate the imaging findings that need to be reported to help surgeons make an appropriate management strategy for renal stones.

Background Nephrolithiasis is a global problem, affecting people across geographical, cultural, and economic boundaries. Renal stones can be accurately diagnosed on computed tomography.

Discussion With the development of DECT, renal stones can now be better characterized in terms of stone burden, stone composition, and stone fragility.

Conclusion These parameters are helpful to treating surgeons in not only planning an appropriate management for patient but also in predicting the success of the various procedures such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, flexible ureterorenoscopy, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Familiarity with recent developments will help radiologists give an apt description of renal stone to meet the requirements of treating surgeon.
Efficacy of Emergent STA–MCA Bypass for Acute Atherosclerotic ICA Stenosis/Occlusion with Concomitant Chronic Contralateral ICA Occlusion/Stenosis: Two Case Reports
Authors: Shimoi Akihiro , Tsunoda Sho , Inoue Tomohiro , Akabane Atsuya
Published: September 2022

Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator with/without endovascular regimen is sometimes not effective for the treatment of acute hemodynamic stroke. Emergent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA–MCA) bypass has been reportedly effective in patients with progressive hemodynamic stroke; however, the effectiveness of urgent STA–MCA bypass for acute internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis/occlusion with concomitant contralateral chronic ICA stenosis/occlusion, that is considered the worst hemodynamic situations, is unclear. Two cases of acute left ICA stenosis with concomitant right chronic ICA occlusion wherein both developed hemodynamic infarction and were initially treated by maximal medical treatment. Nevertheless, the patients' symptoms had gradually worsened, thus we performed emergency STA–MCA bypass for both cases. Postoperatively, deterioration of imaging and neurological findings was successfully stopped and the patients' condition gradually stabilized. An urgent STA–MCA bypass can be considered as a last resort to prevent progressive neurological deterioration for patients with progressive infarction due to ICA stenosis/occlusion concomitant with contralateral ICA stenosis/occlusion.
When institutions matter: electoral systems and intraparty fractionalization in Western Europe
Authors: Emanuele Vincenzo , Marino Bruno , Diodati Nicola Martocchia
Published: September 2022

The comparative study of intraparty divisions and their determinants has been a long-debated matter, but some issues remain unresolved. First, the problem of the empirical identification of intraparty groups. Second, the lack of comparative perspective and large-N cross-country and cross-time analyses, given intraparty divisions have been studied mostly through theoretical or, at best, small-N analyses. Third, the underestimation of the potential role exerted by contextual factors because of the emphasis put almost exclusively on intraparty dynamics. To fill these gaps, the article employs a measure of visible intraparty fractionalization allowing for large-N cross-time and cross-country comparison. Moreover, by focusing on about 700 party cases in 11 Western European countries since 1965, the article shows that institutional factors, particularly electoral systems’ characteristics, impact intraparty fractionalization. Specifically, intraparty fractionalization is higher in more disproportional systems and where there are stronger incentives for personal vote.
Implementation of an advanced dressing protocol for global qubit control in silicon
Authors: Hansen I. , Seedhouse A. E. , Chan K. W. , Hudson F. E. , Itoh K. M. , Laucht A. , Saraiva A. , Yang C. H. , Dzurak A. S.
Published: September 2022

Quantum computing based on solid state spins allows for densely packed arrays of quantum bits. However, the operation of large-scale quantum processors requires a shift in paradigm toward global control solutions. Here, we report a proof-of-principle demonstration of the SMART (sinusoidally modulated, always rotating, and tailored) qubit protocol. We resonantly drive a two-level system and add a tailored modulation to the dressing field to increase robustness to frequency detuning noise and microwave amplitude fluctuations. We measure a coherence time of 2 ms, corresponding to two orders of magnitude improvement compared to a bare spin, and an average Clifford gate fidelity exceeding 99%, despite the relatively long qubit gate times. We stress that the potential of this work lies in the scalability of the protocol and the relaxation of the engineering constraints for a large-scale quantum processor. This work shows that future scalable spin qubit arrays could be operated using global microwave control and local gate addressability, while increasing robustness to relevant experimental inhomogeneities.
Phototactic microswimmers in pulsatile flow: Toward a novel harvesting method
Authors: Minh Chau Nguyen , Peerhossaini Hassan , Jarrahi Mojtaba
Published: September 2022

Phototactic behavior is coupled with pulsatile flow features to reveal the advantages of pulsation for separating motile algae cells in a double Y-microchannel. The underlying mechanism is as follows: during half of the pulsation cycle, when the flow rate is low, the phototactic microswimmers are mainly redirected by the external stimulation (light); while, during the rest of the cycle, the flow effects become dominant and the microswimmers are driven toward the desired outlet. The results show that in the absence of light source, the pulsatile flow has no advantage over the steady flow for separation, and the microswimmers have no preference between the exit channels; the separation index (SI) is around 50%. However, when the light is on, SI increases to 65% and 75% in the steady and pulsatile flows, respectively. Although the experiments are conducted on the well-known model alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a numerical simulation based on a simple model demonstrates that the idea can be extended to other active particles stimulated by an attractive or repulsive external field. Thus, the potential applications can go beyond algae harvesting to the control and enhancement of separation processes without using any mechanical component or chemical substance.
The benefits of social interaction and proficiency for foreign language acquisition of Spanish conventional expressions
Authors: Denbaum-Restrepo Nofiya
Published: September 2022

Several studies have examined the second language acquisition of English conventional expressions (CEs) in the study abroad context. However, there is a lack of studies that investigate Spanish CEs and CEs in general in the at-home context. This study examines the foreign language acquisition of Spanish CEs in the at-home context and the effect of proficiency and Spanish social interaction outside of the classroom. Three levels of learners (3rd semester, 5th semester, and graduate level) (N = 32) and a Spanish speaker comparison group (N = 10) completed an oral discourse completion task, a recognition task, and a social interaction questionnaire. Results showed that social interaction in Spanish leads to better recognition of conventional expressions and that proficiency is a significant predictor of production of these expressions. Results have pedagogical implications, including the importance for instructors to provide input of expressions related to a variety of contexts.
Molecular beam mass spectrometry measurements of vibrationally excited N2 in the effluent of an atmospheric plasma jet: a comparison with a state-to-state kinetic model
Authors: Jiang Jingkai , Richards Caleb , Adamovich Igor , Bruggeman Peter J
Published: September 2022

Vibrationally excited N2 molecules are suggested to be one of the possible key species responsible for the observed synergistic effects in plasma catalysis for NH3 synthesis. To assess the impact of vibrationally excited species in plasma-catalysis, quantitative measurements near interfaces are required, which remains challenging. In this letter, we report spatially resolved measurements of vibrationally excited N2 in the effluent of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet by molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS). The mass spectrometry signals as a function of electron energy of the ionizer were fitted with the effective electron-impact ionization cross section of N2(v) considering the vibrational distribution function as determined by a detailed vibrational level resolved plasma kinetic calculation. The reported method presented in this letter shows the capability of MBMS to measure vibrationally excited species of N2 near interfaces when the vibrational distribution function is known or assumed and shows excellent agreement with state-to-state kinetic models of N2(v).
Flexural and shape memory properties of unidirectional glass and carbon fibers reinforced hybrid shape memory polymer composites
Authors: Zhao Hanxing , Lan Xin , Liu Yanju , Bhattacharyya Debes , Leng Jinsong
Published: September 2022

There has been a lot of research on hybrid composites, but most of the research is limited to traditional composites. As a kind of thermo-responsive material, the mechanical properties of shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) vary dramatically with temperature, so researches on the isothermal mechanical properties of hybrid SMPCs under different temperatures are necessary. This paper investigates the flexural and shape memory performances of carbon fiber (CF) and glass fiber (GF) reinforced hybrid SMPCs. After determining the lamina properties of CF and GF laminae at different temperatures, the flexural properties of hybrid SMPCs were predicted by simulation and theoretical calculations, which agreed well with the subsequent experimental results. The failure modes, dynamic thermomechanical properties, and shape memory properties of hybrid SMPCs with different fiber stacking configurations at different temperatures were then investigated. Finally, the effects of hybrid ratios on the flexural moduli of hybrid SMPCs at different temperatures were studied.
Comprehensive analysis of gene regulatory dynamics, fitness landscape, and population evolution during sexual reproduction
Authors: Okubo Kenji , Kaneko Kunihiko
Published: September 2022

The fitness landscape is a critical concept in biophysics, evolutionary biology, and genetics that depicts fitness in the genotype space and visualizes the relationship between genotype and fitness. However, the fitness landscape is challenging to characterize because the quantitative relationships between genotype and phenotype and their association to fitness has not been comprehensively well described. To address this challenge, we adopted gene regulatory networks to determine gene expression dynamics. We analyzed how phenotype and fitness are shaped by the genotype in two-gene networks. A two-by-two matrix provided the two-gene regulatory network in which a vector with two angle values (Θ) was introduced to characterize the genotype. Mapping from this angle vector to phenotypes allowed for the classification of steady-state expression patterns of genes into seven types. We then studied all possible fitness functions given by the Boolean output from the on/off expression of the two genes. The possible fitness landscapes were obtained as a function of the genetic parameters Θ. Finally, the evolution of the population distribution under sexual reproduction was investigated in the obtained landscape. We found that the distribution was restricted to a convex region within the landscape, resulting in the branching of population distribution, including the speciation process.
Self-powered silicon carbide ultraviolet photodetector via gold nanoparticle plasmons for sustainable optoelectronic applications
Authors: Yildirim Mustafa A , Kasif Teker
Published: September 2022

In recent years, it is becoming inevitable to design/construct eco-friendly sustainable electronic and photonic devices to minimize the footprints of these as part of the fight against global problems like resource depletion and pollution. To this end, scientists have been researching to produce sustainable, self-powered electronic and photonic devices capable of meeting the standards of consumers along with minimal adverse effects on the environment. In this study, we fabricated and analyzed a high-performance self-powered silicon carbide ultraviolet photodetector (SiC-UVPD) through functionalizing with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). The effect of Au NPs on the improvement of the photodetector was systematically investigated. The self-powered SiC-UVPD exhibited a very good responsitivity of 0.30 A W−1 and a detectivity of 7.0 × 1011 cm.Hz1/2.W−1 under 254 nm wavelength UV light irradiation without any external power. The photodetector also provided quick responses to incident UV light with 28 ms rise time and 88 ms fall time. To sum up, the performance of the fabricated self-powered SiC-UVPD shows that SiC-UVPDs can offer new solutions for high performance emerging sustainable energy and eco-friendly optoelectronic devices.
New time-dependent solutions of viable Horndeski gravity
Authors: Saadati Reza , Giusti Andrea , Faraoni Valerio , Shojai Fatimah
Published: September 2022

We generate new spherical and time-dependent solutions of viable Horndeski gravity by
disforming a solution of the Einstein equations with scalar field source and positive cosmological
constant. They describe dynamical objects embedded in asymptotically FLRW spacetimes and contain
apparent horizons and a finite radius singularity that evolve in time in peculiar ways apparently
not encountered before in Einstein and “old” scalar-tensor gravity.