bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of different forms of nitrogen on rhizosphere microbial community structure of Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae)
Authors: Fu Minghui , Zheng Lijun
Published: September 2016

Rhizosphere microbial communities are important for phytoremediation, plant nutrition, health and metabolism. Many factors, including plant species, pH and nutritional factors influence rhizosphere microbiology. In this study, we analysed the effects of different forms of nitrogen on the structures of rhizosphere microbial communities of E. crassipes. Using a conventional culture method with special media, bacteria, actinobacteria and molds were cultured. We found that the numbers of bacteria were largely similar across the three culture conditions, while the numbers of actinobacteria and molds from the rhizosphere of E. crassipes cultured in NH4Cl solution were two orders of magnitude higher than those from the rhizospheres of plants cultured in distilled water and KNO3 solution. Using a culture-independent method of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of 16S rDNA, we found that the form of nitrogen could influence the components of the rhizosphere microbial community. Pseudoxanthomonas, Enterobacter and Citrobacter were present in all of the samples cultured under the three different experimental conditions. The genus Reyranella was found only in samples cultured in KNO3 solution; Acinetobacter and Streptomyces were unique to samples cultured in NH4Cl solution, and Pseudomonas, Pseudacidovorax and Methylosinus were found only in samples cultured in distilled water. Pseudoxanthomonas and Acidovorax were the dominant genera in the rhizosphere microbial community of E. crassipes cultured in KNO3 solution, while Novosphingobium was the dominant genus in the sample cultured in a nitrogen-deficient medium. Our results provide a theoretical foundation for using E. crassipes as a phytoremediation plant and controlling the widespread distribution of E. crassipes around the world using principles of nutrient metabolism.
Histochemical differences along the intestine of Corydoras paleatus (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae)
Authors: Plaul Silvia E. , Barbeito Claudio G. , Díaz Alcira O.
Published: September 2016

The Neotropical catfish Corydoras paleatus is a facultative air-breather and the caudal half of the intestine is involved in gas exchange. In South America, air-breathing fishes are found in tropical or sub-tropical freshwaters where the probability of hypoxia is high. The aim of this study was to characterize by traditional histochemical and lectinhistochemical methods the pattern of carbohydrate in the intestinal mucosa. Intestine samples were taken from 25 healthy adult specimens collected in Buenos Aires (Argentina). Samples were fixed by immersion in 10 % buffered formalin and routinely processed and embedded in paraffin wax. Subsequently, these sections were incubated in the biotinylated lectins battery. Labeled Streptavidin-Biotin (LSAB) system was used for detection, diaminobenzidine as chromogen and haematoxylin as a contrast. To locate and distinguish glycoconjugates (GCs) of the globet cells, we used the following histochemical methods: PAS; PAS*S; KOH/PA*S; PA/Bh/KOH/PAS; KOH/PA*/Bh/PAS; Alcian Blue and Toluidine Blue at different pHs. Microscopically, the general structure of vertebrate intestine was observed and showed all the cell types characteristic of the intestinal epithelium. The cranial sector of catfish intestine is a site of digestion and absorption and its structure is similar to other fish groups. In contrast, enterocytes of the caudal portion are low cuboidal cells; and between these, globet cells and capillaries are observed, these latter may reach the mucosal lumen. Underlying the epithelium, observed a well-developed lamina propria-submucosa made of connective tissue; this layer was highly vascularized and did not exhibit glands. According to histochemistry, the diverse GCs elaborated and secreted in the intestine are associated with specific functions in relation to their physiological significance, with special reference to their role in lubrication, buffering effect and prevention of proteolytic damage to the epithelium together with other biological processes, such as osmoregulation and ion exchange. The lectinhistochemical analysis of the intestinal mucosa reveals the presence of terminal residues of glucose, mannose and galactose. In conclusion, this study has shown that GCs synthesized in the intestine of C. paleatus exhibit a high level of histochemical complexity and that the lectin binding pattern of the intestinal mucosa is characteristic of each species and the variations are related with the multiple functions performed by the mucus in the digestive tract. The information generated here may be a relevant biological tool for comparing and analyzing the possible glycosidic changes in the intestinal mucus under different conditions, such as changes in diet or different pathological stages.
Can anthropic fires affect epigaeic and hypogaeic Cerrado ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) communities in the same way?
Authors: Canedo-Júnior Ernesto Oliveira , Gonçalves Cuissi Rafael , De Almeida Curi Nelson Henrique , Ramos Demetrio Guilherme , Lasmar Chaim José , Malves Kira , Rodrigues Ribas Carla
Published: September 2016

Fire occurrences are a common perturbation in Cerrado ecosystems, and may differently impact the local biodiversity. Arthropods are one of the taxa affected by fires, and among them, ants are known as good bioindicators. We aimed to evaluate the effect of anthropic fires on epigaeic and hypogaeic ant communities (species richness and composition) in Cerrado areas with different post-fire event recovery periods. We conducted the study in four Cerrado areas during two weeks of 2012 dry season: one unburned and three at different post-fire times (one month, one and two years). We sampled ants with pitfall traps in epigaeic and hypogaeic microhabitats. We collected 71 ant morpho-species from 25 genera. In the epigaeic microhabitat we sampled 56 morpho-species and 42 in the hypogaeic microhabitat. The area with the shortest recovery time presented lower epigaeic ant species richness (4.3 ± 2.00) in comparison to the other areas (8.1 ± 2.68 species on one year area; 10.3 ± 2.66 species on two years area; 10.4 ± 2.31 species on control area), but recovery time did not affect hypogaeic ant species richness. Regarding ant species composition, fire did not directly affect hypogaeic ant species, which remained the same even one month after fire event. However, two years were not enough to reestablish ant species composition in both microhabitats in relation to our control group samples. Our study is the first to assess anthropic fire effects upon epigaeic and hypogaeic ants communities; highlighting the importance of evaluating different microhabitats, to more accurately detect the effects of anthropic disturbances in biological communities. We concluded that ant communities are just partially affected by fire occurrences, and epigaeic assemblages are the most affected ones in comparison to hypogaeic ants. Furthermore the study provides knowledge to aid in the creation of vegetation management programs that allow Cerrado conservation.
¿Qué factores determinan la distribución altitudinal de los peces de ríos tropicales andinos?
Authors: De La Barra Evans , Zubieta José , Aguilera Gastón , Maldonado Mabel , Pouilly Marc , Oberdorff Thierry
Published: September 2016

Altitudinal gradients represent an appropriate system to assess whether there is a relationship between richness patterns, environmental variables, and the ecological processes that determine the species type and number inhabiting a given area. In mountain streams freshwater fishes, the most prevalent relationship is a monotonic decrease in species richness with elevation. The objective of this study was to evaluate four hypotheses that can explain the negative relationship between local fish species richness and altitude, 1) the hypothesis of decreasing energy availability, 2) the hypothesis of increasing climate severity, 3) the hypothesis of habitat diversity, and 4) the hypothesis of isolation by physical severity of the environment. Fish and macro-invertebrates were collected following standard methods from 83 sites (between 200-4 000 meters) of two river basins in the Bolivian Amazon. The first hypothesis was tested by analyzing relationships between the density of macro-invertebrates, the richness of invertivorous fish species and altitude; while the second and third hypotheses were assessed by a multiple regression analysis (GLM) between fish species richness and several local and regional factors. Besides, assemblage dissimilarity between sites along the altitudinal gradient was analyzed using βsim and βness indices. Fish richness decreases linearly with increasing altitude. The density of macro-invertebrates tends to increase at higher altitudes, contrary to invertivorous fish species richness, suggesting that energy availability is not a limiting factor for fish species colonization. The GLM explained 86 % of the variation in fish species richness, with a significant contribution of water temperature, maximum slope in the river mainstem, and stream width. There is a higher species turnover (βsim) between sites at low elevation. Inversely, βness shows higher values in the upper parts, corresponding to change in assemblages mainly due to species loss. Taken together, these results suggest that climatic and physical severities create strong barriers to colonization, further explaining the decrease in fish richness along the altitudinal gradient.
Producción espacial y temporal de hojarasca del manglar en la laguna Barra de Navidad, Jalisco, México
Authors: Mendoza-Morales Alma J. , González-Sansón Gaspar , Aguilar-Betancourt Consuelo
Published: September 2016

Barra de Navidad lagoon is a coastal wetland of international importance (Ramsar site) and it is included among the 81 Mexican mangrove priority sites. One of the most valued characteristics of this lagoon is the presence of mangrove forest in a good conservation state. The goal of our research was the measurement of mangrove litter production and environmental factors influencing its dynamics. The mangrove area was divided into seven zones and litterfall was monthly sampled from November 2011 to October 2012 using 0.25 m2 square collectors made with mosquito mesh (1 mm) and positioned at 1.3 m above the ground. Abiotic variables of the interstitial water were measured simultaneously at each zone in permanent plots using a multi-parameter probe, YSI-556-M. Total mean value of litterfall production, weighted by zone surface, was 19.12 ± 1.23 gPS/m2.mo (2.29 t/ha.year). This low productivity is a consequence of the region’s dry climate and low tide range. The species Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa produced more than 80 % of total litterfall, while Rhizophora mangle contributed only 16 % and Conocarpus erectus < 4 %. A significant correlation between litterfall production and abiotic variables was found (e.g. salinity and interstitial water depth). We concluded that there are significant spatial variations in soil abiotic variables which are correlated with differences in mangrove species composition, and produce, together with the life cycles stages of those species, significant variations in the quantity and composition of litterfall. Future research will be focused on quantifying spatial variations in forest structure and their relationship with litterfall production.
Tabla de contenidos
Authors: Tropical Revista Biología
Published: September 2016

Tabla de contenidos
Presencia y toxicidad de Microcystis aeruginosa (Cianobacteria) en el río Paraná, aguas abajo de la represa Yacyretá (Argentina).
Authors: Forastier Marina Elizabet , Zalocar Yolanda , Andrinolo Dario , Domitrovic Hugo Alberto
Published: September 2016

Cyanobacteria constitute the main toxin producers in inland water ecosystems and have extensive global distribution. The presence of hepatotoxins in aquatic environments is hazardous to human and animal health; even though the presence and identification of hepatotoxic microcystins in rivers and reservoirs of the world have been confirmed by several studies in the last few years. Herein, we studied the abundance and toxicity of Microcystis aeruginosa in the Argentine section of the Paraná River at the beginning of the Middle Paraná (Corrientes Hydrometer), near Corrientes city (27º28´ S - 58º51´ W) and approximately 220 km downstream of the Yacyretá dam (High Paraná). The Paraná River basin, with a drainage area of 3.1 x 106 km2 and 3 965 km in length, is the second largest catchment of South America, after that of the Amazon. The Paraná River is the main source of drinking water supply for the Northeastern Argentine region. Phytoplankton samples were collected and environmental variables were measured in a monthly basis (exceptionally fortnightly), from March 2004 to June 2008. Fifty-eight samples were analyzed for phytoplankton density and biomass. Five samples were used for toxicity testing; the latter were obtained during the cyanobacteria blooms from 2005 to 2008. Phytoplankton counts were performed with an inverted microscope, and biomass was expressed as biovolume. Bioassays with mice and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were performed to evaluate the presence of cyanotoxins. Phytoplankton mainly consisted of Cryptophyta, Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta. Microcystis aeruginosa was identified during the warmer months each year (November to March). Density varied between 189 and 25 027 cells/mL (1-10 colonies/mL) and biomass from 0.34 to 44 mm3/L. Taking into account the number of cells, the highest abundance occurred in April 2004 (25 027 cells/mL), coinciding with the largest biovolume (44 mm3/L). All mice subjected to intraperitoneal injections with samples obtained during bloom episodes showed positive results for the presence of hepatotoxins. Three microcystins variants: LR, RR and [D-Leu1] Mcyst-LR were detected by analysis with semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector system (HPLC-PDA). This constitutes the first report of microcystins recorded during M. aeruginosa blooms in the Argentine stretch of the Paraná River at the beginning of the Middle Paraná (Corrientes Hydrometer), approximately 220 km downstream of the Yacyretá dam (High Paraná).
Simonart's Band: Its Effect on Cleft Classification and Recommendations for Standardized Nomenclature
Authors: Naran Sanjay , Kirschner Richard E. , Schuster Lindsay , Basri Osama , Ford Matthew , Goldstein Jesse , Grunwaldt Lorelei , Mooney Mark P. , Losee Joseph E.
Published: September 2016

Objective

Accurate classification of cleft lip plays an important role in communication, treatment planning, and comparison of outcomes across centers. Although there is reasonable consensus in defining cleft types, the presence of Simonart's band can make classification challenging. Our objective was to survey cleft care providers to determine what all consider to be Simonart's band, how its presence effects cleft lip classification, and to provide recommendations for standardized nomenclature.

Design

A multiple-choice survey was e-mailed to 1815 members of the American Cleft Palate–Craniofacial Association, assessing each respondent's definition of Simonart's band and its effect on cleft classification. Cleft classification was drawn from the ICD system diagnosis billing codes. Descriptive analysis was performed.

Results

Three hundred seventy-three providers completed the survey (20.5% response), the majority of whom were surgeons (61.5%); 87.1 % agreed with the definition that a Simonart's band is “any soft tissue bridge located at the base of the nostril or more internally, between the segmented ridges.” However, only 41.8% felt that the presence of a Simonart's band rendered a cleft lip incomplete; 54.4% felt that an alveolar cleft was the defining difference between a complete and an incomplete cleft lip. When asked to define the child with a cleft involving the upper lip that extends into the naris but interrupted by a soft tissue bridge located only at the base of the nostril or more internally, without a cleft of the alveolar ridge and palate, 61.4% classified this as an incomplete cleft lip, 32.7% as a complete cleft lip, and 5.9% as an unspecified cleft lip.

Conclusions

Responses revealed wide discrepancy in the classification of cleft phenotypes and in the interpretation of the significance of anatomical components in the classification of a cleft lip. We discuss the difficulty in aligning classification based on unclear definition of terms and variable anatomic parameters. We highlight this issue in the face of a need for comparability in clinical evidence-based practices. To ensure precision and uniformity in cleft classification, we recommend that use of the term “Simonart's band” be abandoned while incorporating a notation of the integrity of the nasal sill into the LAHSHAL system. We propose a uniform definition of incomplete versus complete cleft lip, wherein a cleft lip will be classified as complete in the presence or absence of narrow bands of tissue present at the base of the nasal sill or more internally.
Journal of Copyright in Education and Librarianship: An Editorial Introduction
Authors: Myers Carla S. , Taylor Tucker , Wesolek Andrew
Published: September 2016

An Editorial Introduction
Copyright and Digitization and Preservation of State Government Documents: A Detailed Analysis
Authors: Currier Brett D. , Gilliland Anne , Hansen David R.
Published: September 2016

This paper builds off "Copyright and the Digitization of State Government Documents: A Preliminary Analysis" presented at IPres 2015. In this paper, we present a more detailed analysis and a practical framework for local archivists and librarians to use in assessing copyright status, the application of fair use, and use of other copyright limitations to different types of government documents.
PERCEPÇÃO DE DOR E ALTERAÇÕES MUSCULOESQUELÉTICAS EM ATLETAS DE BASQUETE NA PREPARAÇÃO PARA OS JOGOS UNIVERSITÁRIOS DE 2014
Authors: Moreira Mariana , Marília Ferreira dos Santos Marília Ferreira , Barros Gustavo Sperandio , Nascimento Tharsila Dos Santos , Araújo Anderson Delano , Neto Mansueto Gomes
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção de dor e alterações musculoesqueléticas em jogadores de basquete na preparação para o 62° jogos Universitários Brasileiros. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo analítico de caráter retrospectivo com atletas de basquete, de ambos os sexos registrados no 62° jogos Universitários Brasileiros de 2014. Os atletas foram avaliados antes do início dos jogos, os atletas responderam perguntas sobre a percepção de dor musculoesquelética e ocorrência de alguma lesão durante a preparação para os jogos universitários. Resultados: Foi realizada estatística descritiva e inferencial utilizando o software SPSS versão 20.0.Foram entrevistados 296 jogadores de basquete distribuídos em 34 equipes, sendo 19 masculinas e 15 femininas. A idade média foi de 22,08 ± 3,62 anos e 170 (57,4%) foram do sexo masculino. Dos 296 atletas, 185 (62,5%) relataram sentir alguma dor e 213 (72%) relataram a presença de alguma lesão durante a preparação para a competição. 73 (39,5%) relataram sentir dor no joelho, seguido da coluna 45 (24,3%), 24(13%) membro superior, 18 (9,7%) tornozelo e pé. Quando comparada a amostra em relação ao sexo não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação à idade, percepção de dor e regiões corporais afetadas. Já em relação à ocorrência de lesões na preparação, foi observada uma diferença estatisticamente significativa, com maior prevalência nas equipes do sexo masculino. Conclusão: Existe uma alta prevalência de dor e alterações musculoesqueléticas em atletas de basquete durante preparação para competição. Estudos que avaliem fatores associados a dor são necessários.
EXISTE CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE QUALIDADE DE VIDA E NÍVEL DE DEPENDÊNCIA DE NICOTINA EM TABAGISTAS?
Authors: Novaes Emanuel Hitalo De Araújo , Rosier Gabriela Lago , Silva Marina Lemos Carvalho , Sestelo Maristela Rodrigues , Macedo Luciana Bilitário , Camelier Aquiles Assunção , Dias Cristiane Maria Carvalho Costa
Published: September 2016

Introdução: A dependência de nicotina predispõe a doenças, incapacidade funcional e alta morbimortalidade, resultando em impacto na qualidade de vida (QV) da população em geral. A QV é um tema importante e a constatação de sua associação com o nível de dependência de nicotina pode ser um caminho para sensibilizar os dependentes dessa substância a interromperem o consumo. Objetivo: correlacionar a qualidade de vida e o nível de dependência de nicotina em tabagistas. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, constituído por tabagistas admitidos no programa “Deixando de Fumar Sem Mistérios” EBMSP/ Unidade Brotas, ambos os sexos e idade≥18 anos. Excluídos tabagistas com dificuldade de compreensão dos questionários. Aplicados questionários validados: Tolerância de Fagerstrom e Whoqol-Bref. Resultados: As características sociodemográficas e clinicas dos 64 participantes estudados demonstraram predomínio do sexo feminino 48 (75%), idade média de 53,84±10,0anos, grau de escolaridade equivalente à 31(48,4%) com ensino médio e dois (3,1%) analfabetos. Em relação ao número de maços de cigarros consumidos por ano, a mediana de 34,37(21-49) maços/ano. E mediana igual a 2,0(2,0-4,0) na classificação da dependência de nicotina segundo a escala de Fagerstrom, traduzindo em uma baixa dependência. Na análise inferencial dos domínios do Whoqol-Bref e nível de dependência de nicotina revelou no domínio físico valor de p=0,10, psicológico p=0,79, social p=0,16, ambiental p=0,43, QV total p=0,14. Conclusão: O presente estudo não evidenciou uma correlação significativa da QV e o nível de dependência de nicotina, bem como da carga tabágica.
Energiedaten als Führungsgrößen
Authors: Von Lipinski René , Reiff-Stephan Jörg
Published: September 2016

Für die energieeffiziente Fertigung ergeben sich aus der zunehmenden Verknappung natürlicher Ressourcen wachsende Anforderungen. Die Nutzung von Energiedaten als Führungsgröße effizienter hochenergetischer Prozesse könnte sich als ein Anwendungsszenario erweisen. Im Beitrag wird die Relevanz des Energiemonitorings im Rahmen der forcierten Vernetzung industrieller Strukturen hinterfragt. Weiterführend werden eine Ableitung für eine intelligente Automation, im Sinne des Toyota-Produktionssystems auch Jid ka (Autonomation) genannt, auf Basis einer selbstadaptiven Grenzwertsetzung vorgestellt sowie deren erforderliche Fähigkeiten beschrieben.
Strukturelle Codeanalyse
Authors: Feldmann Stefan , Ulewicz Sebastian , Diehm Sebastian , Vogel-heuser Birgit
Published: September 2016

Gut strukturierte Steuerungssoftware hilft, bewährten Code wiederzuverwenden und somit Zeit und Geld zu sparen. Oftmals gibt es jedoch Optimierungspotenziale, zum Beispiel durch die Notwendigkeit pragmatischer Anpassungen vor beziehungsweise bei der Inbetriebnahme oder durch gewachsene Softwarestrukturen. Um zu einer besseren Softwarestruktur zu gelangen, fehlt es jedoch zumeist an Werkzeugunterstützung im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau. Dieser Beitrag zeigt ein Konzept und eine prototypische Werkzeugunterstützung mittels Semantic-Web-Technologien auf, die die strukturelle Analyse von Steuerungssoftware ermöglichen.
KPI-based Process Operation
Authors: Hollender Martin , Chioua Moncef , Schlake Jan , Merkert Lennart , Petersen Heiko
Published: September 2016

A key performance indicator (KPI) is a metric used to evaluate factors that are crucial to the success of an organization. Usually these factors are represented by normalized numbers (e.g. 0-100%) and maximizing or minimizing them is equivalent to making progress toward operational or strategic goals of the organization. Different KPIs of variable levels of complexity exist, rating factors such as customer and employee satisfaction, compliance, security or economic success. This article focuses on KPIs closely related to process operations like production performance, energy consumption, availability and safety. These KPIs are mainly based on measurable process data.
Big data analytics for proactive industrial decision support
Authors: Atzmueller Martin , Klöpper Benjamin , Mawla Hassan Al , Jäschke Benjamin , Hollender Martin , Graube Markus , Arnu David , Schmidt Andreas , Heinze Sebastian , Schorer Lukas , Kroll Andreas , Stu Gerd
Published: September 2016

Big data technologies offer new opportunities for analyzing historical data generated by process plants. The development of new types of operator support systems (OSS) which help the plant operators during operations and in dealing with critical situations is one of these possibilities. The project FEE has the objective to develop such support functions based on big data analytics of historical plant data. In this contribution, we share our first insights and lessons learned in the development of big data applications and outline the approaches and tools that we developed in the course of the project.
The Double Bind for Women: Exploring the Gendered Nature of Turnaround Leadership in a Principal Preparation Program
Authors: Weiner Jennie Miles , Burton Laura J.
Published: September 2016

In this study of nine participants in a turnaround principal preparation program, Jennie Miles Weiner and Laura J. Burton explore how gender role identity shaped participants' views of effective principal leadership and their place within it. The authors find that although female and male participants initially framed effective leadership similarly, their conceptualizations of themselves as leaders, the feedback they felt they received regarding their skills, and their access to employment were sharply divided based on gender and had real implications for how women viewed their leadership capabilities and potential success as school leaders.
Cross-Pollinating Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy and Universal Design for Learning: Toward an Inclusive Pedagogy That Accounts for Dis/Ability
Authors: Waitoller Federico R. , King Thorius Kathleen A.
Published: September 2016

In this article, Federico R. Waitoller and Kathleen A. King Thorius extend recent discussions on culturally sustaining pedagogy (CSP) in order to explicitly account for student dis/ability. The authors engage in this work as part of an inclusive education agenda. Toward this aim, they discuss how CSP and universal design for learning will benefit from cross-pollination and then conclude by suggesting interdisciplinary dialogue as a means to building emancipatory pedagogies that attend to intersecting markers of difference (e.g., dis/ability, class, gender, race, language, and ethnicity).
Dental Pulp Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Teeth with Immature Apices
Authors: El Ashiry Eman A , Farsi Najat M , Abuzeid Sawsan T , El Ashiry Mohamed M , Bahammam Hammam A
Published: September 2016

Objectives: The treatment of immature necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis presents challenges in endodontic and pediatric dentistry. Revascularization is a recent treatment for such cases as an alternative to conventional apexification. The purpose is to examine the effect of a pulpal revascularization procedure on immature necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis. Study design: Twenty patients were enrolled for pulp revascularization procedure by root canal disinfection using a triple antibiotic mixture for 1–2 weeks, followed by creating a blood clot, sealing the root canal orifice using white mineral trioxide aggregate and a coronal seal of composite resin. Patients were recalled periodically for up to 24 months. Results: During follow-up, all patients were asymptomatic. Three cases of chronic apical periodontitis showed clinical disappearance of the sinus tract 2 weeks after treatment. Radiography revealed progressive periapical radiolucency resolution within the first 12 months. Within 12–24 months, the treated teeth showed progressive increases in dentinal wall thickness, root length and continued root development.

Conclusions: Clinical and radiographic evidence showed successful revascularization treatments of immature necrotic permanent teeth with apical periodontitis. More studies are necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms and to perform histopathology of the pulp space contents after revascularization procedures.
Oral Health Quality of Life in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Parental Perceptions
Authors: El Ashiry Eman A , Alaki Sumer M , Nouri Sumaya M
Published: September 2016

Objective: To assess the parents' perception of the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and compare it with normally developing children. Study Design: 63 children with CP were recruited from 8 disability centers, and 99 healthy controls were recruited from 5 elementary schools. The ages of the children in both groups were from 6-12 years. The Franciscan Hospital for Children Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (FHC-OHRQOL) was used to measure the OHRQOL and an oral examination was conducted in the schools/centers of the children to assess the teeth, gingival health, and oral hygiene. Results: The FHC-OHRQOL showed a significant difference in 3 out of 4 sections indicating lower OHRQOL in the CP group. The examination showed no significant difference in the dental and gingival health and in the level of oral hygiene. Conclusion: The OHRQOL of children with CP is significantly lower than that of normally developing children although the oral health status of children with CP is not significantly different from that of normally developing children.
Does Addition of Propolis to Glass Ionomer Cement Alter its Physicomechanical Properties? An in Vitro Study
Authors: Subramaniam P , Girish Babu KL , Neeraja G , Pillai S
Published: September 2016

Propolis is a natural resinous substance produced by honey bees. The antimicrobial effects of glass ionomer cement have been shown to improve with the addition of propolis; however its effect on the physicomechanical properties of the cement is not known. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength and solubility of conventional restorative glass ionomer cement following the addition of propolis. Study design: Twenty half cylindrical samples were prepared with conventional restorative glass ionomer cement formed the control group. Another twenty samples were prepared with propolis added to conventional restorative glass ionomer cement formed the experimental group. The compressive strength was assessed using universal testing machine. To assess solubility, the samples were immersed in deionised water at room temperature, for 7 days. The solubility was measured as a difference in the weight of the sample; prior to immersion and following immersion at the end of each day. Results: The control group had a significantly higher mean compressive strength of 146.26 Mpa as compared to the experimental group (135.06 Mpa). The solubility between the groups was significant. Conclusion: In comparison to the control group, incorporation of propolis to conventional restorative glass ionomer cement decreased the compressive strength significantly. The solubility of the cement in the experimental group increased significantly over 7day period as compared to the control group.
Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding Therapy Using Figueroa's NAM Technique in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Koya Shafees , Shetty Sandeep , Husain Akhter , Khader Mustafa
Published: September 2016

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the results of nasoalveolar molding (NAM) in the treatment of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate using a modified technique in a South Indian population. Study design: The design was a prospective study with blinded measurements. The sample constituted 10 complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients who underwent NAM therapy by the same operator. Direct extra and intra oral anthropometric measurements were done using a digital vernier caliper before and after NAM therapy. A photographic evaluation was also done to rate the nasal deformity post NAM therapy. The differences between measurements were statistically analyzed using paired t tests. Results: The extra oral measurements revealed a statistically significant increase in bi-alar width, columellar length and width. The intraoral measurements demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in anterior alveolar cleft width. There was also a significant increase in arch width and greater and lesser segments length. All cases were rated as improved by the surgeons in photographic analysis. Conclusion: The study has quantitatively shown that the modified NAM therapy improved nasal asymmetry by columellar lengthening and effectively molded the maxillary alveolar arch.
Prevalence of Posterior Crossbite for Orthodontic Treatment Timing
Authors: Gungor Kahraman , Taner Lale , Kaygisiz Emine
Published: September 2016

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and distribution of posterior crossbite in different dentition stages in a Turkish sample. Study Design: 1554 subjects (843 girls, 711 boys) aged 4–25 years were evaluated to determine the prevalence of posterior crossbite in a Turkish sample. The subjects were classified according to four dentition stages (primary, early mixed, late mixed and permanent) and transversal occlusal status. The statistical evaluation was done by Chi-square, Fischer exact tests. Results: Bilateral and unilateral crossbite on the right and left sides had the highest frequency in the permanent dentition (51.0%, 47.3%, and 53.6%; respectively). No significant differences were found between unilateral (right and left) and bilateral crossbite with regard to dentition stages. No significant differences were found between unilateral right or left side posterior crossbite with regard to dentition stages. Conclusion: An increasing trend in the prevalence of posterior crossbite was observed from the primary dentition towards permanent dentition in this study.
Tumour-induced Osteomalacia Secondary to a Sarcoma
Authors: Rodriguez-Velver Karla Victoria ,   Endocrinology Division, University Hospital “Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez”, Medical School, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico,   Endocrinology Division, University Hospital “Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez”, Medical School, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico,   Endocrinology Division, University Hospital “Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez”, Medical School, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico,   Endocrinology Division, University Hospital “Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez”, Medical School, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico,   Endocrinology Division, University Hospital “Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez”, Medical School, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico,   Endocrinology Division, University Hospital “Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez”, Medical School, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico,   Endocrinology Division, University Hospital “Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez”, Medical School, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico,   Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit in Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, US,   Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, US, Zapata-Rivera María Azucena , Montes-Villarreal Juan , Lavalle-González Fernando Javier , González-González José Gerardo , Villarreal-Pérez Jesús Zacarías , Rodríguez-Gutierrez Rene
Published: September 2016

Tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO), is a rare paraneoplasatic syndrome found in >95% of benign tumours that secrete fibroblast growth factor 23 - a phosphaturic circulating hormone. A rare case of a TIO secondary to a sarcoma, in a 21-year old man with history of bone fractures and distinctive physical and biochemical characteristics is presented and discussed.
A Comparative Pulse Accuracy Study of Two Commercially Available Patch Insulin Infusion Pumps
Authors: Bowen Jenna L ,   School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK, Allender Chris J ,   School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Published: September 2016

Background: Patch pumps are a relatively new method of insulin delivery. This study explores the accuracy of patch-pumps by reporting on comparative pulse-accuracy study of two patch pumps. Methods: The accuracy of two patch pumps (Cellnovo, [Cellnovo Ltd., Swansea, UK] and OmniPod®[Ypsomed Ltd, Escrick, UK]) was evaluated micro-gravimetrically. Pulse accuracy was analysed by comparing single and time-averaged pulses for each device. Results: Single-pulses outside accuracy thresholds ±5%, ±10%, ±15%, ±20%, ±25% and ±30% were: Cellnovo; 79.6%, 55.6%, 35.0%, 19.9%, 9.7% and 4.3%; OmniPod; 86.2%, 71.6%, 57.4%, 45.5%, 35.2% and 25.4%. For 10, 20 and 40 pulse-windows mean values outside ±15% accuracy level were: Cellnovo; 7.3%, 1.5% and 0.4%, OmniPod; 37.6%, 31.8% and 25.9. Conclusions: This study showed that not all patch pumps are the same. The pumping mechanisms employed in these pumps play a significant role in the accuracy and precision of such devices.
Morphological Changes Induced by Bipolar Radiofrequency Ablation in Thyroid Nodules – a Preclinical Ex Vivo Investigation
Authors: Branovan Daniel Igor ,   Project Chernobyl, New York, United States, Fridman Mikhail ,   Minsk City Clinical Oncologic Dispensary, Minsk, Belarus, Lushchyk Maxim ,   Belarusian Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Minsk, Belarus, Drozd Valentina ,   Project Chernobyl, New York, United States,   Belarusian Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Minsk, Belarus, Krasko Olga ,   United Institute of Informatics Problems, Minsk, Belarus, Nedzvedz Olga ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus, Shiglik Nikolay ,   Project Chernobyl, New York, United States, Danilova Larisa ,   Belarusian Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Minsk, Belarus
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Recently, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been increasingly used for the treatment of thyroid nodules. However, immediate morphological changes associated with bipolar devices are poorly shown. Aims: To present the results of analysis of gross and microscopic alterations in human thyroid tissue induced by RFA delivered through the application of the original patented device. Materials and methods: In total, there were 37 surgically removed thyroid glands in females aged 32–67 at presentation: 16 nodules were follicular adenoma (labelled as ‘parenchymal’ solid benign nodules) and adenomatous colloid goitre was represented by 21 cases. The thyroid gland was routinely processed and the nodules were sliced into two parts – one was a subject for histological routine processing according to the principles that universally apply in surgical pathology, the other one was used for the RFA procedure. Results: No significant difference in size reduction between parenchymal and colloid nodules was revealed (p>0.1, t-test) straight after the treatment. In addition, RFA equally effectively induced necrosis in follicular adenoma and adenomatous colloid goitre (p>0.1, analysis of variance test). As expected, tumour size correlated with size reduction (the smaller the size of the nodule, the greater percentage of the nodule volume that was ablated): r=−0.48 (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The results make it possible to move fromex vivoexperiments to clinical practice.
Subclinical Hypothyroidism – What is Responsible for its Association with Cardiovascular Disease?
Authors: Sorisky Alexander ,   Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Published: September 2016

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is a common condition, with prevalence estimates ranging from 4–20%, depending on the population demographics. Although epidemiological analysis associates it with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, clinical practice guidelines express uncertainty about whether to monitor or to treat. As we await large-scale, well-designed randomised clinical trials regarding treatment of SH, a review of pathophysiological considerations may be informative to better understand this disorder.
Neonatal Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism with Focus on Developing an Indian Screening Programme
Authors: Jacob Jubbin Jagan ,   Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Published: September 2016

Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism, along with eradication of iodine deficiency in large parts of the world, has made it possible to prevent the development of permanent neurological impairment due to thyroid hormone deficiency in the developing brain. The first successful screening programme was demonstrated in Canada in 1973 and since then it has been standard of care in most developed societies. In India there is no national programme for neonatal screening, and screening is only done in selected larger hospitals on newborns whose parents fund it. This review summarises the current understanding of the various strategies for newborn screening that could potentially be employed in India with resource constraints. Once a case is detected, the further evaluation and determination of etiology is summarised. Treatment and long term follow-up with levothyroxine replacement is also described in detail as per current understanding.
Influencia del género en el Deporte Escolar en la Región de Murcia durante el periodo escolar 2005-2010
Authors: Morales Baños Vicente , Díaz Suárez Arturo , Martínez-Moreno Alfonso , Garcés de los Fayos Ruiz Enrique Javier
Published: September 2016

La importancia y la presencia de la actividad física y el deporte en el desarrollo de la población en edad escolar es, actualmente, uno de los fenómenos más destacables. La práctica regular de deporte o actividades físicas comporta beneficios que contribuyen al bienestar de las personas en los ámbitos físico, psíquico y social. Por ello, nos planteamos la necesidad de estudiar la participación de más de 200.000 alumnos de la Región de Murcia, durante cinco cursos escolares 2005-2010, analizando la diferencia de participación por género, en el programa de Deporte Escolar de la Región de Murcia en ese período.

La muestra está formada por 249.326 participaciones de los que 155.009 son masculinas (62.2%) y 94.317 son femeninas (37.8%), cuyas edades van desde los 8 hasta los 18 años. Con estos datos se ha elaborado una base de datos en el Programa de Análisis estadístico SPSS versión 15.0. Las participaciones femeninas en el Campeonato de Promoción Deportiva aumentan con el paso del tiempo, sin embargo las masculinas son siempre superiores a las femeninas. Deben tomarse medidas de promoción del deporte femenino, ya que las participaciones masculinas son cercanas al doble de las femeninas.
Percepción del beneficio de los deportes y actividades recreativas en habilidades para la vida en niños y adolescentes de Ciudad Juárez, México
Authors: Salazar Ciria Margarita , Juárez Lozano Ricardo , Andrade Sánchez Adriana Isabel , Peña Vargas Carmen Silvia , Arrellano Ceballos Aideé Consuelo , Hernández Murúa José Aldo
Published: September 2016

El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en describir la percepción que tienen los niños, niñas y jóvenes juarenses de 6 a 16 años, participantes en el Campamento de Verano promovido por la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), respecto de los beneficios que estimulan las actividades deportivas y recreativas en las habilidades físico-motoras, cognitivas, sociales e interpersonales. La investigación se asume de carácter exploratoria, tipo mixta. La técnica utilizada para recuperación de la información fue Redes Semánticas Naturales (RSN); y el cuestionario, a su vez —para el análisis, representación e interpretación de los datos— se usó la teoría de la percepción y el HJ-Biplot. Entre los hallazgos más sobresalientes se evidencia, a nivel perceptivo, que el desarrollo de habilidades físico-motoras se potencia con la práctica de las siguientes disciplinas deportivas: natación (59%), danza aérea (58%), fútbol rápido (55%) y basquetbol (54%); a su vez, las actividades de tenis (30%), tochito (26%) y recreación (24%) promovieron la mejora de habilidades cognitivas. De igual forma, las habilidades sociales se vieron estimuladas con recreación (33%), tochito (24%) y handball (15%) y en las habilidades interpersonales influyeron deportes como la natación (31%), karate (28%) y baile (14%). En conclusión, el Campamento de Verano con orientación deportiva y recreativa estimula y condiciona, en los participantes, una percepción de beneficio del deporte más allá del gusto por la práctica, el esparcimiento y la salud. Y posibilita la observación de las relaciones que la mente y cuerpo tienen con otros aprendizajes cotidianos.
Dermaroller: simple and effective acne scar treatment
Authors: Patil Suma , Patil S. K.
Published: September 2016

Background: Scarring is particularly a distressing phenomenon. The micro-needling is a minimally invasive procedure which has recently attained popularity because of the fact that it can be used safely with minimal training.

Methods: The present study was performed on 30 patients suffering from facial scarring of acne vulgaris. The patients were photographed and assessed clinically at the time of enrolment to grade the severity of scarring as per the grading system proposed by Goodman and Baron.

Results: A total of 30 patients were included in the study of which females were 18 and males 12. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 30 years with the mean age of 24 years. Overall, 20 out of the total of 28 patients (71.4%) showed an excellent response to dermaroller treatment while 7 others achieved a good response (25%). Only 1 patient (3.6%) out of the total of 28 failed to show a significant response to treatment.

Conclusions: Dermaroller is a safe and effective treatment option for grade 2 and grade 3 acne scars.
Screening of some Naturally Isolated Microalgal Strains for Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Production
Authors: Morowvat Mohammad Hossein , Ghasemi Younes
Published: September 2016

Background and Purpose: Nowadays, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are playing a great role in human wellbeing and health improvement. A wide spectrum of biological, medical and health benefit effects ranging from cardiovascular, neuronal, anticancer and antioxidant have been reported from different PUFAs in human. Methodology: In this study, six different species of microalgae belonging to the chlorophyta and cyanobacteria phylum were isolated from soil and water samples collected from Persian Gulf. Their growth rate, biomass and lipid production and productivity and more importantly their ability to produce PUFAs was investigated. Results: The isolated species represented a great fatty acid profile including many different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ranging from 6-20 carbon atoms. S. obliquus and N. muscorum proven to have a better profile for PUFAs production, whilst C. vulgaris could be considered as a more robust strain to produce other fatty acid classes. Besides, C. vulgaris with its higher growth rates (0.39 d-1)and S. obliquus owing to its higher total lipid content (43.92%) seems more interesting strains for scale up studies. Conclusion: The obtained results demonstrated the great potential of naturally isolated strains of microalgae for PUFA production and provided some insights in next studies to explore more producing strains.
Educación crítica: historia de una resistencia en palabra y acción
Authors: W. Apple Michael
Published: September 2016

Permítanme comenzar este capítulo con una historia, el recuento de una experiencia que destaca la importancia –y los peligros– de tomar en serio nuestro papel como educadores críticos. El siguiente relato narra las experiencias de mi primer viaje a Corea del Sur, hace muchos años. La memoria es un vehículo imperfecto, particularmente al trabajar bajo presión; sin embargo, intentaré reconstruir lo sucedido y acercarme tanto como me sea posible a la realidad de esta experiencia.