bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CURRENT INTERNET MARKETING TRENDS IN THE FIELD OF LIFELONG EDUCATION
Authors:   Educational and Scientific Institute of Business, Economics and Management Sumy State University, Onopriienko Kateryna , Onopriienko Iryna ,   Sumy National Agrarian University
Published: May 2022

The rapid development of technology has led to the fact that present-day education is not only taking place in just a couple of areas, as it was before but with the help of a broader range of channels. The evolution of computer information systems and automation has allowed the modern education system to develop in a new direction. Now it is possible to create a compelling and high-quality studying procedure by using the most massive source of information – the Internet. The article is devoted to the latest trends in Internet marketing in the field of adult education, which ensure its promotion in the market. Due to the drastic change in the format of education, namely the transition from classrooms to online learning, adult education today has become a key tool that ensures the smooth functioning of many organizations, businesses and educational institutions. However, in the article was found that the popularity of adult education in Ukraine is still not high, so there is an important task to promote adult education, namely through the Internet. Internet marketing is important because it helps to drive more qualified traffic. You reach more leads that are interested in the educational cource or program. The ability to target specific leads helps to drive traffic that takes an interest in the company. The Internet is constantly marketing for the company. People can access the website or social media 24/7. This means that everything is visible to the audience at all times. Internet marketing for adult education is extremely cost-effective. The important part of Internet marketing is that it is affordable and drives a quality return on investment. When the company invests money in these methods, it will get a good return on them. Taking the time to keep up to date with the latest digital marketing trends and technologies will help the company to stay relevant in line of work. The article reveals modern trends in Internet marketing of adult education, which make it possible to choose the right way to convey information to potential consumers. It is noted that with the help of Internet marketing tools to date, most advertising, positioning and promotion of lifelong education should be carried out.
THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Odessa National Economic University, Salo Yana , Zhelyaskova Tetiana ,   Odessa National Economic University
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the state of the Ukrainian labor market. As the virus came as a complete surprise, the world economy was not ready for such a shock, so we need to analyze its impact directly on the labor market, as one of the most important mechanisms in the work of any economy and state. First of all, the direct impact of quarantine measures on the unemployment rate was analyzed. The level of adaptation of the population of Ukraine to quarantine measures and the degree of their financial protection is determined. The situation with delayed wages due to extreme conditions was also considered. The areas in which wage arrears most often arose are indicated. The main trends of the labor market are named, among which are the optimization of costs, a sharp increase in competition in the labor market and changing priorities. For understanding the general picture of what is happening in the labor market, the situation with vacancies was considered, which helped to understand how quarantine and lockdown could affect the vacancy market, which specialists were needed more and which less. The labor market is not standing still and is rapidly recovering after the removal of strict quarantine restrictions, as evidenced by the increase in the number of vacancies and activity of applicants. The issue of organizing labor market statistics is becoming acute, which can allow us to see the real state of affairs. To do this, it is necessary to modify the data collection system, for example, to collect data not for a month or quarter, but weekly, because data during the first coronavirus wave, the situation in the labor market changed very quickly. Emphasis is placed on hidden unemployment. There are actually a lot of such people. They were not officially fired, but could be sent on leave at their own expense or transferred to part-time work, which, of course, reduces the amount of salary received. People who find themselves in such conditions are in a dangerous situation because on the one hand they may return to work and on the other hand they may lose it. Conclusions are made and prospects of further researches are defined.
TAX REVENUES AS A COMPONENT OF THE REVENUE PART OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES
Authors:   Zaporizhzhia National University, Saenko Olena , Koneva Anna ,   Zaporizhzhia National University
Published: May 2022

The construction of a new budget system in Ukraine is associated with strengthening the role of autonomy of local budgets and the creation of an effective, results-oriented public administration system. It is noted that decentralization is an effective tool for improving the efficiency of territorial communities and, as a consequence, entire regions. Reform should take place through the redistribution of powers and financial resources between state and local governments. Completion of the decentralization process should be carried out with increasing state attention to regional policy. All this will contribute to the further development of the local economy and improve the well-being of communities. It is determined that the quality and efficiency of the implementation of their powers by territorial communities depend on the amount of revenues to local budgets. The article outlines the main goals and principles of decentralization reform in Ukraine, defines the role of local taxes and fees in the formation of revenues to local budgets, analyzes the structure and changes in the dynamics of tax revenues to local governments, identifies problematic aspects and ways to increase financial security of local communities. account of local taxes and fees. The study proves that the most important source of income is taxes and fees set at the local level. This type of income generation is the largest in terms of revenue structure, which makes it a very important tool for effective management and development at both local and national levels. The main taxes and fees that form the communities' own incomes are determined: personal income tax, single tax and land fees. Problematic aspects that hinder the strengthening of the financial capacity of territorial communities have been identified. The main problems related to the financial support of the bodies of territorial communities are outlined. It was found that the solution of the highlighted problems is possible only under the condition of effective reform of inter-budgetary relations by providing local self-government bodies with the necessary amount of their own sources of income, sufficient revenues from national taxes and fees.
MINING INDUSTRY: CURRENT SITUATION AND NEW CHALLENGES
Authors:   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Shtangret Andriy , Karaym Miroslava ,   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Novik Irina ,   Ukrainian Academy of Printing
Published: May 2022

The mining industry is developing under the influence of a large number of different factors. Along with the growing demand for iron ore and rare earth metals, which is due to the need to achieve a technological breakthrough in the leading countries of economic development, the need for oil and gas is not further reduced, there is increasing mining in countries with low economic development to meet the growing needs of the population, which provokes lower prices in resource markets. In Ukraine, as a result of deeper integration into world economic processes, the impact of each factor in some way reflected on the state of the mining industry, and given its role in shaping the state budget is important to carefully consider the current situation, including official statistics. changes in government regulation. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main performance indicators of mining enterprises with further outline of the essence of the processes and identify new challenges for the formation of the information basis for changes in government regulation. To characterize the crisis processes in the mining industry, the following methods were used: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization – in the study of current trends in the volume and economic efficiency of mining; synthesis and analysis – to determine the dynamics and characteristics of changes in the number of enterprises, the volume of sales, the number of employees and the size of the final financial results of mining enterprises in terms of certain economic activities; morphological analysis – to characterize new challenges in the mining industry; graphic – for visual presentation of theoretical and methodological material; abstract-logical – for theoretical generalizations and conclusions of the study. The generalization of official analytical data and positions of experts forms a general idea of the processes in the Ukrainian mining industry. The results of the analysis revealed: reduction of the number of enterprises, in particular large and medium-sized ones with fragmentation of economic potential and reduction of the ability to compete with multinational corporations; a significant decline in sales of strategically important minerals for our country; reduction in the number of employees, in particular to coal miners; deterioration of financial performance in 2020, including losses. It is substantiated that the obtained results are the basis for changes in state regulation, which should be focused on the protection of national interests on the basis of sustainable development and social responsibility with the creation of favorable conditions for achieving the goals of mining companies.
ENSURING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, Kalicheva Natalia , Masan Vadim ,   Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, Lobanova Eugenia ,   Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport
Published: May 2022

Currently, in an unstable economic situation for each company to ensure sustainable operation. A significant proportion of enterprises focus on achieving sustainability and stability and achieve the outlined objectives through effective management in the implementation of an effective competitive development strategy. The problem of sustainable development of railway transport enterprises is relevant both in terms of forming effective mechanisms for ensuring the stability of the country's economy, and as a factor in adapting to global challenges. After all, transport, including rail, is the foundation of the modern economy. The functioning and development of all sectors of the economy, enterprises, their associations and complexes depend on its activities. One of the main forms of struggle for survival, an effective mechanism for selection and regulation in a market economy is competition. Competition is the competition between economic, market actors for markets in order to obtain the greatest profits. State intervention in the economy under conditions when the system is balanced and the structure of the economy – rational, becomes redundant. But within a real, not an idealized free market, when a person is confronted with reality, when state control is weakened, the economic system can be transferred from a state of resilience to instability, leading to imperfect competition. Unfortunately, a real market economic system can be stable for a long period of time only if the state intervenes in the economy. Thus, in the conditions of instability of development of global economic processes and directions of economic development the question of maintenance of stability of economic system remains the urgency. This leads to the need for the state to create economic incentives for all market participants in order to ensure their sustainability. Continuous and comprehensive optimization of business processes, improving the principles of management of structural units of the industry, focusing on improving the efficiency of transport production and maintaining competitiveness in the long run are among the main areas of sustainability of railway transport enterprises; implementation of the transition to innovative railway transport while maintaining the unity of management in all parts of the transportation process; maintaining competitiveness compared to other market participants; development and implementation of new organizational and technological solutions, etc.
A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIC MARKETING IN RESTAURANT BUSINESS
Authors:   Kharkiv State Academy of Culture, Rostovtsev Serhii
Published: May 2022

The article proposes a comprehensive approach to the implementation of strategic marketing in restaurants, the purpose of which is to determine and select the optimal long-term strategies for the business. Most entrepreneurs, working in the restaurant business, focus mainly on operational marketing, which is aimed at short-term solutions. At the same time, the use of particular strategic marketing tools in restaurants is mostly sporadic, which does not have a significant impact on business processes. That is why, speaking of strategic marketing, it is important to offer a systematic approach to its implementation and combine existing tools into a single mechanism, which will lead to a detailed analysis of both internal and external environments of the restaurant and offer as a result a number of options for further development.
PROSPECTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Serohina Nataliia , Khadzhykova Olha ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: May 2022

The article considers the need to intensify the use of alternative energy sources. Environmental problems and the depletion of fossil resources are the main reason for the transition to an alternative type of energy. The possibilities of alternative energy determine the more active implementation of energy saving and energy efficiency measures. Prospects for the development of the use of alternative energy sources are proved by the gradual increase in their share in the total supply of primary energy in recent years. The study identified the need to create additional favorable economic conditions for the development of enterprises in this industry and the growth of the level of investment in this area. Investments in the modern «green» world are becoming a trend among investors. The «green» tariff for electricity is one of the incentives for the development of alternative energy – the use of power plants allows you to save on electricity and contributes to the development of the green energy industry in Ukraine. The results obtained in the study proved the effectiveness of the use of solar power plants in private households and confirmed the feasibility of developing state support programs for financing alternative energy. In Ukraine, there are a number of financing programs in the field of alternative energy to support Ukrainian companies. For the private sector, there is the State program of warm loans, with which some Ukrainian banks work. To increase the use of solar energy by individuals, more opportunities and guarantees must be provided. Ukraine has a significant potential in the development of alternative energy – at present, the use of such technologies in the country is almost at an early stage. The use of wind and solar energy, as well as biofuels and waste is gradually gaining momentum in Ukraine, but it is necessary to create additional conditions for further development. More active use of alternative energy sources will contribute to the growth of opportunities for the energy industry and requires further study of the mechanisms for the development and implementation of relevant programs and projects.
ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF A TELECOMMUNICATION ENTERPRISE BASED ON STRATEGIC CHANGE MANAGEMENT
Authors:   State University of Intellectual Technologies and Communications, Birbirenko Svitlana
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the development of the mechanism of management of strategic changes of the telecommunication enterprise, as a component of the organizational and economic mechanism of strategic management of its economic stability. It is established that the management of strategic change, as a special type of strategic management of economic stability of the enterprise, should take place under the conditions of objective determination of its current and future state, adequacy of strategic resources to ensure the appropriate level of economic stability. It is determined that the mechanism of strategic change management is a set of forms, methods, tools and means of management on the basis of which ensure and increase the economic stability of the enterprise (including telecommunications), which operates as an open system. The proposed mechanism for managing strategic changes of a telecommunications enterprise is based on the principles of implementing a systematic approach and the concept of managing a telecommunications enterprise as an open system. The study of the essence of the category "potential for strategic change", as well as approaches to its diagnosis in the telecommunications sector, noted that the purpose of diagnosing the potential for strategic changes of the operator is a process of analysis, evaluation and identification of trends and strategic potential of telecommunications. determining its readiness to implement strategic changes and achieve goals to increase its level of economic stability. It was found that the emergence of innovative technologies served to generate qualitatively new alternatives, which are now the main driver of digital transformation, which, in turn, creates the conditions for rapid strategic change, ie strategic change for telecommunications is directly related to digital transformation. Thanks to these technologies, the telecommunications company has additional opportunities to implement new programs of strategic change that will be implemented at the company in order to increase its level of economic stability. Prospects for further research are the study of technologies for strategic management of financial flows of the telecommunications company in the system of ensuring its economic stability.
A Review of the Effects of Frequency and Congruency on the Processing of Multiword Expressions
Authors: Feifei Yan
Published: May 2022

More and more attention has been paid to the processing of multiword expressions in recent years. This paper reviews empirical studies that have examined the effects of frequency and congruency and their interactive role on the processing of multiword expressions. The results indicated that although frequency and congruency influence the processing of all kinds of multiword expressions, the studies mostly concentrate on collocations; their interactive role with proficiency has not been specified; research exploring the effect of congruency is limited to translational congruency. Future studies can compare the difference in the processing of different kinds of multiword expressions.
A Study of Gary Snyder’s Translation and Introduction of Hanshan’s Poetry from the Perspective of Gatekeeping Theory
Authors: Jiao Jiaqi
Published: May 2022

In the 1950s and 1960s, the growth of “Hanshan fever” in the United States may be considered a successful case of Chinese culture “going globally.” The translation and introduction of Hanshan’s poetry from China to the United States have grown in popularity, with Gary Snyder playing a key role. Communication and translation studies are closely related, and the essence of translation can also be considered the dissemination of information in a foreign language setting. The following four dimensions of Snyder’s considerable influence on the translation and introduction of Hanshan’s poetry were explored in this study, based on gatekeeping theory in the communication field, i.e., gathering, filtering, processing, and disseminating of information. It was discovered that Snyder has had a critical part in the translation and introduction of Hanshan’s poetry as a gatekeeper, as well as making significant contributions to their renewal in a foreign setting.
PENGARUH LIMBAH CAIR TEKSTIL TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR DI SUB SUB DAS SEMIN KECAMATAN SUKOHARJO, KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Novianti Endah , Asrifah Rr. Dina
Published: May 2022

Sungai Langsur merupakan Sub Sub DAS Semin yang terletak di Kecamatan Sukoharjo, Kabupaten Sukoharjo, Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang melintas di kawasan industri. Pertumbuhan penduduk meningkat 0,83% tiap tahunnya sejak tahun 2007 hingga tahun 2018 yang diikuti dengan pertumbuhan industri tekstil 7,22%, sehingga tidak diikuti dengan pengelolaan limbah tekstil. Terdapat indikasi pencemaran air sungai dengan kekeruhan, warna dan bau yang tidak sedap akibat menerima limbah cair tekstil serta indikasi pencemaran airtanah sedikit asin yang dapat bersumber dari industri tekstil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sebaran limbah cair serta menganalisis pengaruh limbah cair industri tekstil terhadap kualitas air sungai dan airtanah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode campuran, dalam pengumpulan data berupa survei, pemetaan, dan uji laboratorium serta analisis data kualitatif berupa (Indeks Pencemaran). Pengambilan sampling air sungai dan airtanah dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil uji laboratorium parameter kandungan limbah tekstil menunjukkan bahwa air sungai tercemar ringan hingga sedang akibat pengaruh konsentrasi limbah tekstil, serta kontribusi pemukiman dan pertanian sedangkan airtanah tercemar ringan akibat pengaruh air sungai yang menyuplai ke airtanah (influent). Tingkat pencemaran air sungai dan airtanah menjadi informasi untuk rekomendasi arahan pengelolaan air yang efektif dan efisien.
PENURUNAN KADAR MIKROPLASTIK PADA AIR KALI WONOKROMO DENGAN METODE ELEKTROKOAGULASI
Authors: Rahmayanti Dila , Rosariawari Firra
Published: May 2022

Kelimpahan mikroplastik di air permukaan Surabaya dapat menggangu keberlangsungan kehidupan ekosistem sungai dan berdampak buruk bagi manusia. Karena sebagian besar air baku yang digunakan masyarakat Surabaya berasal dari air permukaan. Mikroplastik yang berukuran kurang dari 5µm mengandung bahan kimia berbahaya seperti Polikrolin Binefil (PCB) dan bersifat toksik. Mikroplastik dapat membawa logam berat dan juga beberapa mikroorganisme patogen yang menempel pada badan mikroplastik, hal tersebut dapat dimungkinkan akan masuk kedalam peredaran darah dan menginfeksi tubuh. Salah satu alternatif pengolahan yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar mikroplastik adalah dengan menggunakan elektrokoagulasi. Elektrokoagulasi merupakan proses penggumpalan dan pengendapan partikel-partikel halus yang terdapat di air dengan menggunakan energi listrik. Mikroplastik yang terkandung dalam air tersisihkan melalui proses flokulasi dan pengendapan. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penurunan kadar mikroplastik menggunakan elektrokoagulasi dengan variasi jarak antar elektroda dan waktu detensi. Variasi jarak anatar elektroda yang digunakan adalah 1,5 cm; 2 cm; 3cm; dan 5 cm. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, didapatkan hasil bahwa untuk menurunkan kadar mikroplastik dalam sampel air permukaan jarak antar elektroda yang paling efektif adalah 3 cm dengan penurunan kadar mikroplastik sebesar 89%.
Perbandingan Jumlah Trombosit Pada Sampel Darah 3 ML, 2 ML, & 1 ML Dengan Antikoagulan K2EDTA Setelah Ditunda 4 Jam Di RSUD. Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung
Authors: Syuhada Syuhada , Izzudin Abdurrahman , Triwahyuni Tusy , Putri Bella Tania
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT Insufficient sample volume and delay can increase blood clotting; besides can cause platelets aggregation (stick to one another). Objectives: to determine whether there is a difference between the results of the hematology test of the platelet count in the volume of 3 ml, 2 ml, and 1 ml blood samples with K2EDTA anticoagulant after being postponed 4 hours. This study used an observational analytic method with a cross sectional design. The mean results of the platelet count in 1 ml and 2 ml of blood volume in the K2EDTA vacutaier tube which are postponed for 4 hours are higher than the platelet count in 3 ml of blood volume. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the number of platelets in 3 ml, 2 ml, and 1 ml blood samples in the K2EDTA vacutainer tube after being postponed 4 hours. Key words: Hematology Test, Blood Volume, Postponed 4 Hours. ABSTRAK Volume sampel yang kurang dan penundaan dapat meningkatkan pembekuan darah dan menyebabkan trombosit mengalami agregasi (menempel dengan yang lainnya). Tujuan mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan antara hasil pemeriksaan hematologi jumlah trombosit pada volume sampel darah 3 ml, 2 ml, dan 1 ml dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA setelah ditunda 4 Jam pada orang sehat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Hasil: Hasil rerata jumlah trombosit pada volume darah 1 ml dan 2 ml dalam tabung vacutaier K2EDTA yang ditunda selama 4 jam lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jumlah trombosit pada volume darah 3 ml. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna jumlah terombosit pada sampel darah 3 ml, 2 ml, dan 1 ml pada tabung vacutainer K2EDTA setelah ditunda 4 jam. Kata Kunci : Pemeriksaan Hematologi, Volume Darah, Ditunda 4 Jam.
Economic security in the conditions of evolutionary development of socio-economic systems
Authors:   Market Economy Institute of RAS, Zoidov Kobilzhon Kh. , Belomestnov V.G. ,   East Siberia State University of Technology and Management, Bortalevich Svetlana I. ,   Market Economy Institute of RAS, Belomestnov I.V. ,   FGKU Rosgranstroy Environmental responsibility of business, Zoidov Kh.K. ,   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

The monograph examines the problems and prospects of ensuring economic security in the conditions of the evolutionary development of socio-economic systems. Theoretical and methodological substantiation of the problem of adaptation of approaches to ensuring economic security in a multi-level socio-economic system to the realities of modernity is given. The conceptual classical and modern theories are considered in the study of the problem of ensuring economic security in conditions of instability. The processes of formation and functioning of economic security are shown. The role of economic security in the spatial development of regions is shown. The contradictions and problems of integration approaches from the standpoint of ensuring the economic security of socio-economic systems are revealed, the necessity of strengthening the factors pushing integration and eliminating (localization) the factors constraining it is shown. The main contradictions of the world economic, political and social systems to the adaptation of approaches to ensuring economic security are revealed and the resource-structural and process-organizational measures of this problem are shown. It is determined that economic security is a system-forming characteristic of the functioning of socio-economic systems of any level. It is proved that the integration links that arise both within the levels and on the inter-level interactions of socio-economic systems have an important impact on ensuring economic security. A methodological approach to determining the integration potential is proposed based on its identification, evaluation and formation of possible strategies for future use, formation and coordination of the principles of integration by stakeholders, determination of motives and directions of integration, development of an integrated structure model, identification of integration tools (regulators). It is shown that Russia, by its economic potential, has every opportunity to determine policy in a number of areas - from ecology to the strategy of using raw materials, including being the leader of integration processes. The monograph is intended for managers and specialists of public administration and corporate management, researchers, postgraduates and students.
Medical Research : A Neglected Issue in Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Biswas Rajat Sanker , Uddin M Jalal
Published: May 2022

Abstract not available

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.21 (1); January 2022; Page 1-2
Top Five Indications of Hospital Admission of Infants
Authors: Uddin Md Jalal , Sultana Kawsar , Baidya Chinmoy , Akhter Nahida
Published: May 2022

Background : Infants are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. So, it is necessary for clinicians to properly place judgement on if an infant requires hospital admission. However, there is a lack of data on which diseases frequently need hospitalization in infancy. Hence the aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive description of infants requiring admissions to healthcare facilities.

Materials and methods : This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the outpatient department of a tertiary level hospital. Hundred infants between 1 month to 12 months of age, who were advised for hospitalization following a provisional diagnosis by an expert clinician were enrolled as study subjects. Their details were obtained from caregivers during their visit and the results were analyzed manually.

Results : The mean age of infants was 5.4±3.7 months with 2-month-old being the most common age group. The male: female ratio was 1.6:1 while the ratio forurban vs rural settings was 2.2:1. The most common religion was Islam (87%) followed by Hinduism (12%) and then Buddhism (1%). The most common diagnosis of study subjects in descending order of frequency were acute respiratory infection (46%) acute watery diarrhea (34%) burn and scald injury (13%) congenital disorders (10%) and late onset neonatal sepsis (8%).

Conclusion : Most common indicators requiring hospital admissions among infants are acute respiratory infection, acute watery diarrhea, burn and scald injury, congenital disorders and late onset neonatal sepsis. Further study needs to be done to look for seasonal variation and variation between neonates and other under-5 age group children.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.21 (1); January 2022; Page 3-6
An Analysis of the Referral Pattern of Urgent MRI in an Acute Unit
Authors: Chowdhury Jamil Haider
Published: May 2022

Background : Urgent MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) in clinical management is quite often required in the modern hospitals. In many cases, it may be needed for emergency patients and may save a valuable life. A few previous papers show MRI provision needs to be improved and many clinical situations need urgent MRI for management. This project was done with the objective to explore the range of urgent applications of MRI and aim to provide information supporting development of MRI service with the null hypothesis: "there is no need to introduce on call service for urgent MRI”.

Materials and methods: This thesis explored the applications of MRI as urgent investigations both retrospectively and prospectively in the busy MRI unit of the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK, from 2004 to 2005.To assess the necessity of introducing an on-call service in the unit, a null hypothesis was developed: "There is no need to introduce on call service for urgent MRI”. To test the hypothesis, patients’ records were analysed to observe the effect in clinical management of MRI carried out as an urgent basis.

Results: The results explored the demographic trend, common examination areas, types of indications and the nature of MRI reports among the urgent patient referrals. The retrospective and prospective results showed similarity between the two years’ practices. The results of clinical effect of urgent MRI were found to be positive in the majority cases and the null hypothesis was rejected.

Conclusion: Overall, the thesis argues that the urgent MRI is not being carried out sufficiently in comparison to routine MRI, although urgent MRI has a good effect on clinical management. The study showed the necessity to develop the on call service in MRI.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.21 (1); January 2022; Page 14-18
Medical Education Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Takeaway from Perspectives of Medical Students of Bangladesh
Authors: Parveen Mosammat Kohinoor , Hannan Md Jafrul , Ferdoush Jannatul
Published: May 2022

Background: The objective of this study was to understand the factors which have positively and negatively affected delivery of medical education in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 epidemic and to apply this knowledge to improve preparedness in the event of future COVID spikes or other pandemics.

Materials and methods: A 20-question survey was constructed and responses from over 300 medical students across Bangladesh were received and statistically examined by chi-squared, logistic regression and latent class analysis.

Results: Quality of internet connection has the biggest impact on delivery of highquality online courses. General experience with online course delivery through number of courses attended and year in the program were also impactful. Latent class analysis indicated that two classes of students existed with regards to their answers (Yes/No/Undecided) as to whether they would attend class or sit professional exams if schools reopened. The characteristics of each class were diverse and enabled a glimpse into the psyche of the students.

Conclusions: The results demonstrated a need for government to ensure every one has access to a good quality internet. Not only will it improve the perception of online medical courses, it will prevent students from unnecessary travelling increasing the risk of transmission. With experience in developing online curricula, the misconception that it is inferior to classroom equivalent may be reduced. More confidence in the quality of online classes may encourage more students that are apprehensive about the professional exams to regain their self-confidence and sit them and increase the pool of independently practicing physicians in Bangladesh.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.21 (1); January 2022; Page 41-46
Socio Demographic Profile and HER2 Status in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Khanam Shamima , Khastagir Tirtha , Anjum Rahat , Barua Mitasree , Khatun Monira , Rahman Mohammed Zillur
Published: May 2022

Background : Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most frequently observed malignancy worldwide. The incidence of CRC is 3.5% in Bangladesh. Conflicting data exist about the prevalence of HER-2/neu over expression in colorectal cancer ranging from 0 to 83%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of Her-2/neu protein in colorectal cancers.

Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology of Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong, Bangladesh from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017. A total of 52 cases with a histopathological diagnosis of colorectal cancers included in the study as sample size, HER2 status was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue.Positive expression was assigned a score from 0–3+.IHCs were analysed with grades of colon cancers.

Results: The mean age in this study was 47.62years range from 12 to 85 years ,53.8% were female. Among 52 specimens 30 (57.7%) cases were from colon and all the cases were adenocarcinoma and rest of all (42.3%) were from rectum.33 (63.5%) cases were Grade-I, 8 (15.4%) were Grade-II, and 11 (21.2%) were Grade-III. Only 8 (15.4%) of 52 cases showed HER2 positive, 4 (50.0%) cases were from grade- Iand another 4 (50.0%) were grade- II tumours. HER2 overexpression were significantly associated with well differentiated CRC than poorly differentiated (p=0.044).

Conclusion: HER2/neu protein expression was observed in colorectal cancer but HER-2/neu protein is less likely to be expressed in colon cancer cell lines among our patients.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.21 (1); January 2022; Page 52-56
Evaluation of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Placenta Previa and Placenta Accreta
Authors: Laizu Ismat Ara , Banu Laila Anjuman , Fayez Fowzia Abul
Published: May 2022

Background: Placenta praevia is a disorder that happens during pregnancy when the placenta is abnormally placed in the lower uterine segment, which at times covers the cervix. Placenta previa may be associated with placenta accreta (PA) or one of its more advanced forms as (placenta increta and percreta).

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the maternal and neonatal outcomes in patients with placenta previa and placenta accrete.

Methodology: This prospective descriptive study was carried out at Different privet chamber in Dhaka City, during study period from January 2018 to December 2019. Among 75 cases (45 had placenta previa and 30 had placenta accrete) diagnosed preoperatively by ultrasound or postoperatively with or without PA. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were evaluated. All intraoperative and postoperative data were reported. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (version 23.0) and p<0.05 was taken as the significant level.

Results: Cesarean hysterectomy, Urinary tract injuries, EBL, Patients receiving mean transfusion , mean Operative time, Admission to maternity HDU, Admission to ICU and mean Postoperative hospital stay (days) statistically significant (p<0.05), however age, parity and gestational age was not statistically these were significant (p>0.05) between two groups. IUFD was found 1(3.3%) in placenta accrete group but not found in placenta previa group. Neonatal death was found 1(3.3%) in placenta accrete group but not found in placenta previa group.

Conclusion: The incidence of both PP and PA is very high in present locality due to increase CS rate. Admission to maternity HDU, admission to ICU and mean Postoperative hospital stay (days) were significantly difference between women with placenta previa (PP) and placenta accreta (PA).

Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, January 2022;9(1):36-41
Effect of COVID-19 restrictions and border closures on vaccine preventable diseases in Victoria, Australia, 2020–2021
Authors: Bhatt Paraag , Strachan Janet , Easton Marion , Franklin Lucinda , Drewett George
Published: May 2022

Background In 2020, Victoria introduced multiple interventions aimed at containing the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We examine the effect of these restrictions on other vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs). Methods We analysed the mandatory reporting data, notified to the Victorian Department of Health, for VPDs from January 2015 to December 2021. Results Reductions in notifications were seen for most notifiable VPDs. A precipitous decline in influenza and measles notifications was recorded in April 2020, which was sustained for both diseases throughout 2020–2021. Notifications for chickenpox, invasive meningococcal disease, invasive pneumococcal disease, and pertussis were reduced by greater than 50% from the 2015–2019 average. No notified cases of diphtheria, poliomyelitis, or rubella were reported in 2020-2021. Conclusion Restrictions placed to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with significant reductions in other VPDs, which were sustained into 2021. Nevertheless, it is important that high levels of population vaccine coverage continue, to prevent a rebound increase in VPDs as restrictions are eased, and to maximise protection against VPDs for all Australians.
Development of a semi-quantitative scoring protocol for gill lesion assessment in greenlip abalone Haliotis laevigata held at elevated water temperature
Authors: Pedler RL , Harris JO , Thomson NL , Buss JJ , Stone DAJ , Handlinger JH
Published: May 2022

Water temperatures that exceed thermal optimal ranges (~19 to 22°C for greenlip abalone Haliotis laevigata, depending on stock genetics) can be associated with abalone mortalities. We assessed histopathological changes in H. laevigata gills held in control (22°C) or elevated (25°C) water temperature conditions for 47 d by developing a new scoring protocol that incorporates histopathological descriptions and relative score summary. Lesions were allocated to 1 of 3 reaction patterns, (1) epithelial, (2) circulatory or (3) inflammatory, and scored based on their prevalence in gill leaflets. Indices for each reaction pattern were calculated and combined to provide an overall gill index. H. laevigata held in 25°C water temperature had significantly more epithelial lifting and hemolymph channel enlargement and significantly higher gill and circulatory reaction pattern indices than H. laevigata held in 22°C water temperature. One H. laevigata had a proliferation of unidentified cells in the v-shaped skeletal rod of a gill leaflet. The unidentified cells contained enlarged nuclei, a greater nucleus:cytoplasm ratio and, in some cases, mitotic figures. This cell population could represent a region of hematopoiesis in response to hemocyte loss or migration to a lesion. Without thorough diagnostic testing, the origin of these larger cells cannot be confirmed. The new scoring protocol developed will allow the standard quantification of gill lesions for H. laevigata, specifically for heat-related conditions, and could further be adapted for other Haliotis spp.
Human postural response to lower leg muscle vibration of different duration
Authors: Čapičíková N , Rocchi L , Hlavačka F , Chiari L , Cappello A
Published: May 2022

Body lean response to bilateral vibrations of soleus muscles were investigated in order to understand the influence of proprioceptive input from lower leg in human stance control. Proprioceptive stimulation was applied to 17 healthy subjects by two vibrators placed on the soleus muscles. Frequency and amplitude of vibration were 60 Hz and 1 mm, respectively. Vibration was applied after a 30 s of baseline. The vibration duration of 10, 20, 30 s respectively was used with following 30 s rest. Subjects stood on the force platform with eyes closed. Postural responses were characterized by center of pressure (CoP) displacements in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction. The CoP-AP shifts as well as their amplitudes and velocities were analyzed before, during and after vibration. Vibration of soleus muscles gradually increased backward body tilts. There was a clear dependence of the magnitude of final CoP shift on the duration of vibration. The amplitude and velocity of body sway increased during vibration and amplitude was significantly modulated by duration of vibration as well. Comparison of amplitude and velocity of body sway before and after vibration showed significant post-effects. Presented findings showed that somatosensory stimulation has a long-term, direction-specific influence on the control of postural orientation during stance. Further, the proprioceptive input altered by soleus muscles vibration showed significant changes in postural equilibrium during period of vibration with interesting post-effects also.
Short- versus Long-Term, Gender and Species Differences in the Intestinotrophic Effects of Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Analog
Authors: Glerup P , Sonne K , Berner-Hansen M , Skarbaliene J
Published: May 2022

Glucagon-like-peptide 2 (GLP-2) is an endogenous enteroendocrine physiological trophic peptide. Glepaglutide is a novel long-acting GLP-2 analog under development for the treatment of patients with Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS). The objective of this work was to compare the small intestinal trophic effects in both genders following short (1 week) versus long-term (26-39 weeks) GLP-2 treatment in Wistar rats and Beagle dogs. Following both short- and long-term treatment with glepaglutide, a significant dose-dependent intestinotrophic effect was seen in both genders and species. At all doses increased length and weight of the small intestine as well as macroscopic thickening and villous hypertrophy were noted in all segments of the small intestine, without any differences between genders. The findings were still present following a 6-week recovery period, indicating long-acting intestinotrophic effects of glepaglutide. These studies demonstrate that a long-acting GLP-2 analogue (glepaglutide) has a fast onset and long duration of intestinotrophic action with similar profile in both genders and species (rat and dog).
Leadership and Capacity Building; The Construction of Madrasah Quality Improvement
Authors: Dian Dian , Faizal Irawan , Hasanah N. Dewi
Published: May 2022

This study aims to understand the construction of madrasah quality improvement through a leadership system in building human resource capacity building in one Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Bandung Regency. The researcher tries to understand the meaning behind school quality assurance activities by using a case study qualitative approach. Researchers conducted interviews, observations, and documentation to obtain accurate and valid information related to the research theme. Collecting, reducing, presenting data, and drawing conclusions are carried out in data analysis. The research results show that the construction of improving the quality of madrasas through a leadership system in building human resource capacity building in one Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Bandung Regency is carried out through policy analysis organizational commitment, management support system, workforce development, and continuous innovation improvement. This research has implications for the importance of leadership and capacity building that must be adequately managed to increase the competence and skills of existing personnel, thus giving birth to commitment, loyalty, and good performance quality.
Entrepreneurship Education Based on Islamic Work Ethic: Educational Management Review
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto , Ghazali M. Bahri , Yanti Fitri , Fauzi Fauzi
Published: May 2022

This study aims to understand entrepreneurship education by implementing an Islamic work ethic in the patchwork community in Pringsewu Regency. This research was conducted on the community of patchwork craftsmen in Pekon Sukamulya, Banyumas sub-district, Pringsewu Regency from 2019 to 2021 with a qualitative approach type of research was phenomenological. Data can be obtained using observation and interviews, and documentation. Researchers used data analysis techniques starting from preparing units, data categorization, and data interpretation. The results showed that Islamic work ethic-based entrepreneurship education carried out by the patchwork community in Pringsewu Regency in order to improve social welfare was carried out through; maintaining the quality of the products produced, setting prices that are adjusted to market analysis, carrying out promotions, providing exemplary service to customers. This research has implications for the importance of implementing management and educational values in every organizational activity carried out to be able to provide maximum results according to the expectations of all parties.