bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remazol Ultra Kırmızı RGB reaktif boyar maddesinin metabolik olarak aktif kefir biyokütlesi ile biyosorpsiyonu
Authors: ERDOĞDULAR Ali Osman , KILIÇ APAR Dilek
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada, canlı formda kefir
biyokütleleri ile sulu çözeltilerden Remazol ultra Kırmızı RGB boyar maddesinin
biyosorpsiyon yöntemi ile giderimi incelenmiştir. Biyosorpsiyon prosesini
optimize etmek ve modellemek amacı ile deneyler kesikli olarak, farklı ​​pH (2
- 2,5 - 3 - 3,5 -  4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8),
sıcaklık (18- 25 - 32 - 39°C), çalkalama hızı (0 - 140 - 300 rpm) ve başlangıç
boyar madde konsantrasyonlarında (50 - 75 - 100 -  200 - 400 mg/L) gerçekleştirilmiştir. pH 2’de,
25°C sıcaklıkta, 100 mg/L başlangıç boyar madde konsantrasyonunda, 2,4 g/L
kefir biyokütlesi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen 180 dakikalık biyosorpsiyon
işlemi sonunda % 93 oranında boyar madde giderimi elde edilmiştir. Kefir biyokütlesi
için maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasitesi değeri 112 mg/g olarak 400 mg/L başlangıç
boyar madde konsantrasyonunda elde edilmiştir. Ardışık olarak gerçekleştirilen
biyosorpsiyon deneyleri kefir biyokütlelerinin tekrar kullanılabilir olduğunu
göstermiştir. Gerçekleştirilen modelleme çalışmaları sonucunda, kefir biyokütleleri
ile boyar madde biyosorpsiyon kinetiğinin yalancı birinci derece kinetik modeli
ile, biyosorpsiyon dengesinin ise Temkin izoterm modeli ile ifade edilebileceği
belirlenmiştir.
Uzun süreli radyofrekansı elektromanyetik alan seviyesinin izlenmesi ve modellenmesi
Authors: KURNAZ Çetin , MUTLU Mustafa
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada ev ortamında maruz kalınan radyofrekansı elektromanyetik alan
(RF-EMA) seviyesini belirlemek ve değişimini modellemek için 100kHz - 3GHz
frekans aralığında 24 saat süreli RF-EMA ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Ölçümlerde en
yüksek RF-EMA değeri 16.47 V/m olarak kaydedilmiş olup bu değer ICNIRP ve BTK
tarafından belirlenen limit değerlerin altındadır. Baz istasyonlarını doğrudan
gören ölçüm konumlarında RF-EMA değeri ölçüm zamanına göre değişmektedir. Öğlen
saatlerinde ölçülen RF-EMA değeri gece saatlerine göre yaklaşık %32 daha
fazladır. Uzun süreli RF-EMA verisinin istatistiksel değişimi incelendiğinde en
iyi Burr dağılımı ile ifade edildiği görülmüştür. Çalışmanın son aşamasında
RF-EMA’nın gün içindeki değişimi incelenmiş ve literatürdeki çalışmalardan
farklı olarak yeni bir matematiksel model önerilmiştir. Önerilen model ile ev
ortamında gün içindeki 24 saat süreli RF-EMA’nin değişimi sadece 6 saatlik RF-EMA
değeri kullanılarak ve ölçüme gerek olmadan %90’a varan doğrulukla
belirlenebilir.
Çok ince taneli yüksek fırın cüruflu çimento ile stabilize edilmiş düşük plastisiteli killi zeminin mühendislik özellikleri
Authors: AVCI Eyubhan , MOLLAMAHMUTOGLU Murat , DEVECİ Emre , GÖKÇE Aydın
Published: March 2021

Bu deneysel çalışmada, çok ince taneli yüksek fırın
cüruflu çimento (Spinor A6) ile stabilize edilmiş düşük plastisiteli killi
zeminin bazı mühendislik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Öncelikle, %8,
%10 ve %12 oranlarında Spinor A6 karıştırılarak elde edilen killi zemin numunelerinin
temel geoteknik özellikleri deneysel olarak tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra, optimum
su muhtevası ve maksimum kuru birim hacim ağırlığında sıkıştırılmış Spinor A6
katkılı killi zemin numuneler üzerinde tek eksenli serbest basınç, sıkışabilirlik
ve şişme deneyleri yapılmıştır. Deneysel veriler, düşük plastisiteli killi
zeminin Spinor A6 ile stabilize edilme sonrası, 90. gün sonunda dayanımının
açık ortamda bekletilen numunelerde  9
ile 14 kat,  streçe sarılı halde
bekletilmiş numunelerde 9 ile 12 kat arasında arttığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca  90. gün sonunda sıkışabilirliğin açık ortamda
bekletilen numunelerde 18,3 ile 19,2 kat arasında, streçe sarılı halde
bekletilmiş numunelerde ise 17,6 ile 18,5 kat arasında azaldığı tespit
edilmiştir. Son olarak, şişme potansiyelinin ise  90. gün sonunda açık ortamda bekletilen
numunelerde 67,5 ile 270,0 kat arasında, streçe sarılı halde bekletilmiş
numunelerde ise  54,0 ile 101,2 kat
arasında azaldığı belirlenmiştir.
Farklı çapraz bağlayıcılar uygulanmış viskon yüzeyin buruşmazlık ve performans özellikleri
Authors: ORHAN Mehmet
Published: March 2021

Viskon, keten gibi selülozik esaslı yüzeyler, kolayca buruşma eğilimi gösterirler ve bu durum kullanım sırasında istenmeyen bir özelliktir. Bu çalışmada, N-metiloldihidroksietilen üre/katalizör karışımı, modifiye dihidroksietilenüre/katalizör karışımı ve imidazolin üç farklı çapraz bağlayıcı kimyasalın uygulanması sonrasında viskon yüzeyin formaldehit miktarı, renk, kopma ve yırtılma dayanımı, elastisite modülü, yumuşaklık ve buruşmazlık değerlerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çapraz bağlayıcıların viskon yüzeye bağlandığı ve komşu lifler arasında çapraz bağlar oluşturduğu gözlenmiştir. Serbest formaldehit değerlerinin tüm uygulamalarda olumlu bir şekilde 75 ppm’in altında olmasına karşın, renk farkı ve sararmanın sorun olarak devam ettiği görülmüştür. Diğer bir sorun olan kopma ve yırtılma dayanımlarında, iyileşmeler elde edilmiştir. Tüm uygulamalar için düşük eğilme rijitlik değerleri ölçülürken, yüzeylerin daha yumuşak bir tutuma sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda konsantrasyon artışları ile birlikte yüzeylerde, yüksek buruşmazlık değerleri elde edilmiştir. Çapraz bağlayıcılar arasında imidazolinin en iyi buruşmazlık değerleri verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, çapraz bağlayıcıların viskon yüzeyin buruşmazlık özelliğine olumlu katkılar yaptığını göstermiştir.
Veri çoğaltma kullanılarak derin öğrenme ile beyin tümörlerinin sınıflandırılması
Authors: GURKAHRAMAN Kali , KARAKIŞ Rukiye
Published: March 2021

Tıbbi görüntü sınıflandırma, veriyi istenilen sayıda sınıfa ayrıştırma işlemidir. Son yıllarda, Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (MRG) beyin tümörlerinin tespit edilmesinde ve tanısında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, üç farklı beyin tümörünün(gliyom, menenjiyom ve hipofiz bezesi) T1 ağırlıklı MR görüntüleri üzerinde evrişimsel sinir ağı (ESA) kullanılarak sınıflandırılması ve aksiyel, koronel ve sagital MR kesitlerinin sınıflandırmadaki etkinliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ağırlıklar, başlangıçta ImageNet veri kümesi için eğitilmiş DenseNet121 ağından ESA’ya transfer edilmiştir. Ayrıca, afin dönüşümü ve piksel-seviye dönüşümü MR görüntülerinde veri çoğaltmada kullanılmıştır. Eğitilen ESA’nın tam bağlantılı ilk katmanından elde edilen öznitelikler, destek vektör makinesi(DVM), k en yakın komşu (kNN) ve Bayes yöntemleriyle de sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu sınıflandırıcıların başarısı test veriseti üzerinde duyarlılık, belirlilik, doğruluk, eğri altında kalan alan ve korelasyon katsayısı ile ölçülmüştür. ESA, ve ESA tabanlı DVM, kNN ve Bayes sınıflandırıcılarının elde ettiği doğruluk değerleri sırasıyla 0.9860, 0.9979, 0.9907 ve 0.8933’ dür. Beyin tümör sınıflandırma için önerilen ESA tabanlı DVM modeli literatürdeki benzer çalışmalardan daha yüksek performans değerleri elde etmiştir. Ayrıca beyin tümör tipini görüntülerden belirlemede beyin koronel kesitleri diğer kesitlere göre daha etkindir.
Lazerle metal toz ergitme prosesinde kalıntı gerilmelerin mikro girinti tekniği ile incelenmesi
Authors: YASA Evren , POYRAZ Özgür
Published: March 2021

Toz yatağında lazerle eklemeli (katmanlı) imalat ile metal malzemeden fonksiyonel parça üretimi yaygınlaşmakta ve geniş malzeme spektrumu sayesinde çok sayıda endüstri tarafından tercih edilmektedir. Bununla beraber konvansiyonel imalat yöntemlerine göre daha az olgunlaşmış olan Lazerle Metal Toz Ergitme (LAM) prosesi açısından aşılması gereken bazı kısıtlamalar söz konusudur. Yüksek ergime-katılaşma hızına sahip prosesteki temel problemlerden biri kalıntı (artık) gerilmelerdir. Farklı sayıdaki kalıntı gerilme ölçüm yöntemleri arasında, mikro girinti tekniği yeni yatırım ihtiyacı olmaması açısından avantajlıdır. Bu makalede LAM prosesi ile üretilmiş, bir nikel süperalaşımı olan ve havacılıkta yaygın olarak kullanılan Inconel 625 malzemedeki kalıntı gerilmeleri mikro girinti tekniği ile tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen değerlerin, literatürde aynı teknik ile incelenmiş diğer nikel süperalaşımlarla uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür.
Öğütülmüş granüle yüksek fırın cürufu içeren geri kazanılmış agregalı betonların fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri
Authors: ÇAKIR Özgür , SAYACA Selin
Published: March 2021

Ülkemizde inşaat sektörünün büyüklüğü ve kalite denetiminin de yetersiz olduğu dikkate alındığında, çarpık kentleşme yapılarının halihazırda ve gelecekteki kentsel dönüşüm sürecindeki iyileştirme ve yıkım çalışmaları sırasında çıkan/çıkacak betonların değerlendirilmesi için geri kazanılmış agrega sektörünün ülkemizde de kurulması ve geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Belçika, Danimarka, İspanya ve Japonya gibi örneklerde gördüğümüz gibi, yapım ve yıkım atıklarından elde edilen geri kazanılmış agregaların beton endüstrisinde iri agrega ve ince agrega olarak kullanılması mümkündür. Bina yıkıntı atıklarından sağlanacak agrega çevre problemlerini ortadan kaldırmaya yardım ederken, atıkların depolanması ve agrega üretimi sırasında kullanılan enerji tüketiminin (kırma+eleme+nakliye) önemli ölçüde azalması bakımından da önemlidir. Öğütülmüş granüle yüksek fırın cürufu katkısıyla geri kazanılmış agreganın beton üretiminde kullanılabilirliğinin araştırıldığı bu deneysel çalışmada; geleneksel beton ile, geleneksel beton üretiminde kullanılan ince, iri ve her iki agreganın (aynı anda) geri kazanılmış agrega ile %100 oranında ikame edildiği beton serileri üretilmiş ve üretilen beton numuneler üzerinde 7., 28. ve 90. günlerde fiziksel ve mekanik deneyler yapılmıştır. Beton üretiminde mineral katkı olarak kullanılan öğütülmüş granüle yüksek fırın cürufu (ÖGYFC) %0, %15 ve %30 oranlarında çimentoyla ikame edilmiştir. Doğal agregalı seriler için; doğal agregalar kullanılarak su/bağlayıcı oranı 0.50 olan, 380 dozlu, XS1 (deniz suyundaki klorürün sebep olduğu korozyon tehlikesi olan) etki sınıfına maruz kalacağı düşünülen, hedef dayanımı C30/37 olan beton üretilmiştir. Geri kazanılmış agregalı serilerin üretiminde; geri dönüşüm tesisinden alınan geri kazanılmış agregalar doğal agregalarla aynı granülometriye getirilmiş ve aynı dozajla, su/bağlayıcı oranının kullanıldığı betonlar üretilmiştir. Doğal agrega ve geri kazanılmış agrega ile üretilen betonların karşılaştırılması, taze betonda birim ağırlık, işlenebilme (çökme) ve hava içeriği deneyleri ile sertleşmiş betonda birim ağırlık, basınç dayanımı, yarmada çekme dayanımı, ultrases, kılcal su emme, hacimce su emme deneyleri ile araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, iri ve ince doğal agregaların, öğütülmüş yüksek fırın cürufu da kullanılarak hem fiziksel hem de mekanik olarak geri kazanılmış agregalar ile yüksek oranlarda yer değiştirilerek kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. %30 oranında öğütülmüş yüksek fırın cürufu içeren geri kazanılmış agregalı beton serilerin performansları özellikle 28. ve 90. günlerde doğal agregalı beton serilerine göre daha iyidir.
LAPAROSKOPİK KOLESİSTEKTOMİ SONRASI KOLEDOK TÜMÖRÜNÜ TAKLİT EDEN SİSTİK NÖROMA OLGUSU
Authors: TURAN Bilal , ERYILMAZ Nesime , KARACA İsa , ZİHNİ İsmail , SÖZEN İsa , ÇELİK Girayhan , SABUNCUOGLU Mehmet , ÇETİN Recep
Published: March 2021

Travmatik nöromlar, gerçek neoplazmlar olmayıp tümör

benzeri sekonder hiperplazi olarak kabul edilen

lezyonlardır. Bilier sistemde görülen travmatik nöromalar

sistik duktus güdüğünde kolesistektominin geç

komplikasyonu olarak gelişir ve hastalar genelde

striktür yada obstrüksiyona bağlı sarılık nedeni ile kliniğe

başvurur. Kolesistektomiden birkaç ay ile 40 yıl

sonra ortaya çıkabilirler. Bilier traktın nörinomu daha

önce çok nadir olarak bildirilmiş olsa da, tanı olarak

vurgulanması faydalı görünmektedir. Bu lezyon, safra

yollarının benign darlıklarının olağan dışı bir nedeni

olup, tanıda zorluklara neden olabilir. Biz de 28 yaşında

sarılıkla başvuran, tetkiklerinde bilier darlık saptanan

ancak malignite ayrımı yapılamayan, operasyon

sonrası koledok patolojisi nörinom olarak raporlanan

olguyu literatür eşliğinde sunmayı amaçladık.
Association Between Student's Profile and Academic Achievement in an e-learning Primary Health Care Specialization Course
Authors: Portella Fernando Freitas , Tubelo Rodrigo Alves , Pinto Maria Eugênia Bresolin , Dahmer Alessandra , Costa Márcia Rosa da , Cazella Sí­lvio César
Published: March 2021

The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the student's profile and academic achievement, using data of the Family Health Specialization course at the UNA-SUS/UFCSPA (FHS). A total of 4,438 students enrolled in the course until 2018, and all that completed the activities (n = 4219) were considered in the analysis. The characterization of academic performance, the student' status at the end of the course were considered, and the students were classified as: approved, reproved, evaded or unsubscribed; also the student's final grade was considered to characterize their academic achievement. A descriptive analysis and logistic regression models were constructed to verify an association between the student profiles and academic achievements. Most students were female (63.7%), Brazilian (63.9%), unmarried (66.9%), part of the Mais Médicos Program (54.5%), have less than one year formed (32.0%), had never performed distance education activities (72.5%), had internet access at home (94.9%) and at work (64.5%), and used the computer at least six days a week (53.4%). Among the students, 2,643 (52.6%) approved and 1,576 (47,4%) reproved or did not finish the cours. Gender, course entry form, undergraduate course, age at the beginning of the course and region of professional activity were associated with the achievement in the course and grade in complex cases essay.
Keywords: Academic achievement. Distance learning. e-larning. Primary health care.
Privileging Power: Early Childhood Educators, Teachers, and Racial Socialization in Full-Day Kindergarten
Authors: Abawi Zuhra
Published: March 2021

This paper critically unpacks the racialized and gendered hierarchies between the co-teaching model of early childhood educators (ECEs) and Ontario certified teachers (OCTs) in full-day kindergarten (FDK), and how such positionalities speak to racial socialization in early learning spaces. While young children and early learning spaces are often portrayed as raceless, ahistorical, and apolitical, extant literature suggests that children as young as two years of age are aware of visible and cultural differences between themselves and other groups. The paper employs a reconceptualist framework by drawing on critical race theory to explorehow racialized power relations between ECEs and teachers inform hierarchies of dominance and impact processes of racial socialization in FDK learning spaces. While both professions are predominantly feminized, the overwhelming majority of teachers in Ontario are white and middle class, whereas ECEs in FDK programs are more likely to be racialized and marginalized due to low wages and diminished professional status as care workers rather than educators. Although there has been great emphasis on the importance of diversifying the teacher workforce, there is minimal study on the impact of the hierarchies and racialized power relations between ECEs and OCTs and their impact on racial socialization in FDK programs. This conceptual paper seeks to address this gap.
Hallazgos clínicos en retinosis pigmentaria por examen visual, campimetría y retinografía en Colombia
Authors: García Dávila Keissy Juliette , Vélez Muskus Vladimiro José , Narváez Rumié Olivia Margarita , Trujillo Güiza Martha Liliana
Published: March 2021

La retinosis pigmentaria (RP) comprende un grupo de enfermedades degenerativas de la retina que afectan la función y el campo visual. Se caracteriza por ceguera nocturna y pérdida de campo visual periférico, y suele tener debut precoz y juvenil. Este artículo tiene como propósito describir los hallazgos clínicos visuales y oculares en 12 pacientes con retinosis pigmentaria. Para esto, se evaluaron 12 pacientes con RP, mediante examen visual, campimetría y retinografía. Se halló que el 50 % de los pacientes presentó astigmatismo hipermetrópico y 42 %, astigmatismo miópico. Un mayor acúmulo de pigmento en zona superior de retina se observó en el 41,7 %, con agudeza visual entre 20/400 y percepción luminosa. Un tercio de la muestra presentó baja visión profunda y umbral de sensibilidad ≤ a 18db. El escotoma relativo fue más frecuente, aunque en agudezas visuales entre 20/400 y PL el 25 % y 41,7 % de los pacientes presentaron escotoma absoluto en ojo derecho e izquierdo respectivamente. El uso de corrección en pacientes con escotoma relativo generó mejoría en el 41,7 % y 33,3 % (ojo derecho e izquierdo). Todos presentaron palidez cérea del disco óptico y el 92 % atenuación arteriolar. Se concluyó que los signos característicos del fondo ocular de los participantes con RP fueron palidez cérea de disco óptico, pigmentación en forma de espículas óseas, atenuación arteriolar, campo visual ≤10° centrales con visión en túnel. Los pacientes con baja visión profunda presentaron mayor acúmulo de pigmento en retina superior periférica, umbral de sensibilidad menor de 18dB y escotomas de tipo absoluto
Neutrophil to iymphocyte ratio: Does it really differentiate between papillary thyroid carcinomas and multinodular goiter
Authors: BÖLÜKBAŞI Hakan , YILMAZ Serhan
Published: March 2021

Aim: The aim of this study is to reveal the value of preoperative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in differential diagnosis between papillary thyroid carcinoma, papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and benign multinodular goiter. Materials and methods: Patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, and multinodular goiter whose histopathological diagnosis was confirmed by postoperative pathology reports were included in the study. Results: The TSH levels were statistically significantly different among the groups (p < 0.001). The intergroup comparison revealed that the TSH levels were significantly lower in the multinodular goiter group compared to the papillary thyroid carcinoma and papillary thyroid microcarcinoma groups (p < 0.001, p0.001). The mean neutrophil count was 4.98 ± 1.19 in the papillary thyroid carcinoma group, 4.68 ± 1.33 in the papillary thyroid microcarcinoma group, and 4.59 ± 1.40 in the multinodular goiter group. The neutrophil counts of the groups were found to be significantly different (p = 0.013). The papillary thyroid carcinoma group had a significantly higher neutrophil count than the multinodular goiter group. The mean Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio value was 2.20 ± 0.71 in the papillary thyroid carcinoma group and 2.02 ± 0.92 in the multinodular goiter group. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio values were significantly higher in the the papillary thyroid carcinoma group (p = 0.006). Conclucion: We believe that increased neutrophil lymphocyte ratio may be an indicator of underlying malignant disease in patients with thyroid nodules in the preoperative period.
Vernal keratokonjonktivitte non-travmatik non-enfeksiyöz spontan kornea perforasyonu nedeniyle limbal allogreft ve tektonik keratoplasti uygulaması
Authors: KORKMAZ İlayda , BARUT SELVER Özlem , PALAMAR ONAY Melis
Published: March 2021

Bilateral vernal keratokonjonktivitli bir hastada, non-travmatik ve non-enfeksiyöz spontan kornea perforasyonu nedeniyle tektonik keratoplasti ve limbal allogreft uygulamasını ortaya koymaktır.

Bilateral vernal keratokonjonktivit ve eşlik eden limbal kök hücre yetmezliği olan 27 yaşındaki erkek hasta; sağ gözde kızarıklık, fotofobi ve sekresyon artışı şikayeti ile kliniğimize başvurdu. En iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği (EİDGK) sağ gözde 20/640 ve sol gözde 20/33 düzeyindeydi. Biyomikroskobik muayenede limbal kök hücre yetmezliğine bağlı bilateral korneal vaskülarizasyon ve sağ gözde parasantral inferior temporal yerleşimli 1,5 mm’lik perforasyon alanı mevcuttu. Konservatif tedavinin başarısız olması nedeniyle hastaya limbal allogreft ile eş zamanlı tektonik amaçlı keratoplasti cerrahisi uygulandı.

Postoperatif 2. ayda hasta kızarıklık, ağrı ve bulanık görme şikayeti ile başvurdu. Korneal greftte ödem ve keratik prespitatlar tespit edildi. Allogreft reddi gelişen hastaya subkonjonktival ve topikal yüksek doz steroid tedavisi başlandı. Tedaviden 1 ay sonra, allogreft red reaksiyonunun gerilediği ve sağ gözde EİDGK’nin 20/125 düzeyinde olduğu görüldü. Postoperatif 18 aylık takip süresince hastanın klinik durumunun stabil olduğu izlendi. Vernal keratokonjonktivite bağlı gelişen limbal kök hücre yetmezliği zemininde ortaya çıkan non-travmatik ve non-enfeksiyöz kornea perforasyonunda limbal allogreft ile eş zamanlı tektonik keratoplasti etkin ve güvenli bir tedavi seçeneğidir. Bununla birlikte bu olgularda red reaksiyonu ihtimalinin yüksek olabileceği akılda tutulmalıdır. Hasta ve yakınlarının bilgilendirilmesi ile kızarıklık, ağrı, bulanık görme gibi olası red reaksiyonu semptomları varlığında erken başvuru yapmalarının sağlanması, red reaksiyonlarının tedavi edilebilmesinde faydalı olacaktır.
Bisiklet gidonuna bağlı abdominal duvar fıtığı: Nadir görülen bir travmatik herni
Authors: ŞAHİN Ahmet Hikmet
Published: March 2021

Bisiklet kullanımı çocuklar için eğlenceli ve özgürlük hissi yaratan bir araç olduğu kadar, yaşamı tehdit eden kazaların nedeni de olabilir. Bu yazıda bisiklet gidon yaralanması ile acil servise başvuran bir olgu sunulacaktır.

Bisikletten düşme öyküsü ile acil servise getirilen 11 yaşında erkek çocuğun muayenesinde, sağ alt kadranda şişlik ve batın derisinde gidon ucuna ait vurma izi saptandı. Tomografi batın duvarı hasarını doğruladı. Batın eksplorasyonunda; gidon izine uyan bölgede fasya ve kasların parçalandığı, batında serbest kan olduğu ve terminal ileum mezenterinde defekt oluştuğu görüldü. Mezenter, kas ve fasya defekti onarıldı. Olgu postoperatif üçüncü günde şifa ile taburcu edildi.

Gidon yaralanmalarında ilk bulgu cilt üzerindedir. Olgular batın içi organ hasarı ve ventral duvar hernisi açısından izlenmelidir. Güvenli bisiklet kullanımına ilişkin davranış geliştirici eğitimlerin yapılması bisiklet kaynaklı kazaları önlemede etkili olabilir.
Comparing Biochar-Swine Manure Mixture to Conventional Manure Impact on Soil Nutrient Availability and Plant Uptake – A Greenhouse Study
Authors: Banik Chumki , Koziel Jacek , Bonds Darcy , Singh Asheesh , Licht Mark
Published: March 2021

The use of swine manure as a source of plant nutrients is one alternative to synthetic fertilizers. However, conventional manure application with >90% water and a low C:N ratio results in soil C loss to the atmosphere. Our hypothesis was to use biochar as a manure nutrient stabilizer that would slowly release nutrients to plants upon biochar-swine manure mixture application to soil. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of biochar-treated swine manure on soil total C, N, and plant-available macro and micronutrients in greenhouse-cultivated corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Neutral pH red oak (RO), highly alkaline autothermal corn stover (HAP), and mild acidic Fe-treated autothermal corn stover (HAPE) biomass were pyrolyzed to prepare biochars. Each biochar was surface-applied to swine manure at a 1:4 (biochar wt/manure wt) ratio to generate mixtures of manure and respective biochars (MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE). Conventional manure (M) control and manure-biochar mixtures were then applied to the soil at a recommended rate. Corn and soybean were grown under these controls and treatments (S, M, MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE) to evaluate the manure-biochar impact on soil quality, plant biomass yield, and nutrient uptake. Soil OM significantly (<0.05) increased in all manure-biochar treatments; however, no change in soil pH or N was observed under any treatment. No difference in soil ammonium between treatments was identified. There was a significant decrease in soil M3-P and soil NO3- for all manure-biochar treatments compared to the conventional M. However, the plant biomass nutrient concentrations were not significantly different from control manure. Moreover, an increasing trend of N and decreasing trend of P in the plant under all biochar-manure treatments than the controls were noted. This observation suggests that the presence of biochar is capable of influencing the soil N and P in such a way as not to lose those nutrients at the early growth stages of the plant. In general, no statistical difference in corn or soybean biomass yield and plant nutrient uptake for N, P, and K was observed. Interestingly, manure-biochar application to soil significantly diluted the M3-extractable soil Cu and Zn concentrations. The results attribute that manure-biochar has the potential to be a better soil amendment than conventional manure application to the soil.
Medical Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Roy Rupanjan
Published: March 2021

The medical & the dental field is a never ending field of innovations & developments and each time the reasearchers come up with something new. One such new dimension in the fields of medicine being the incorporation of Artificial intelligence assisted technologies improving diagnosis, treatmemt plan and treatment stategies. This review focusses on the application of different technologies of AI in different fields of medicine.
Characterization of Environmental and Cultivable Antibiotic-Resistant Microbial Communities Associated with Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Sorgen Alicia , Johnson James , Lambirth Kevin , Clinton Sandra , Redmond Molly , Fodor Anthony , Gibas Cynthia
Published: March 2021

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing global concern, threatening human and environ-mental health, particularly among urban populations. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are thought to be “hotspots” for antibiotic resistance dissemination. The conditions of WWTPs, in conjunction with the persistence of commonly used antibiotics, may favor the selection and trans-fer of resistance genes among bacterial populations. WWTPs provide an important ecological niche to examine the spread of antibiotic resistance. We used heterotrophic plate count methods to identify phenotypically resistant cultivable portions of these bacterial communities and charac-terized the composition of the culturable subset of these populations. Resistant taxa were more abundant in raw sewage and wastewater before the biological aeration treatment stage. While some antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) were detectable downstream of treated wastewater re-lease, these organisms are not enriched relative to effluent-free upstream water, indicating effi-cient removal during treatment. Combined culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses revealed a stark difference in community composition between culturable fractions and the envi-ronmental source material, irrespective of culturing conditions. Higher proportions of the envi-ronmental populations were recovered than predicted by the widely accepted 1% culturability paradigm. These results represent baseline abundance and compositional data for ARB commu-nities for reference in future studies addressing the dissemination of antibiotic resistance associ-ated with urban wastewater treatment ecosystems.
Styles and Present Dimensions of Attachment in University Students
Authors: Santos Diego , Fierro Soledad , Panchi María , Estrada Enma
Published: March 2021

The objective of the present study is to evaluate and analyze styles and dimensions of attachment, its possible relations and how they become evident in the people involved in this study, For accomplishing it, a quantitative focus methodology was applied of descriptive type and crosscut, in which 105 Clinical Psychology university career students participated. The CaMir-R questionnaire was applied to evaluate the different styles and dimensions of attachment. In regard to the main found results it can be mentioned that - as much in men as in women -. the disorganized attachment is the most representative, followed by safe attachment. In turn, there exists a significant difference established by gender in these dimensions: family worry, parental permissiveness and infantile traumatism; In addition, as much positive correlations like refusals ones among the renowned dimensions were observed, where bulges out the positive link of self-sufficiency and resentment against the parents with the infantile traumatism. It came to an end that the dependence between the type of relation and the predisposal of offering a sure attachment on behalf of the progenitor, it will generate in the person an atmosphere of satisfaction and a capacity to face the penalties of life everyday.
Cold Brew Coffee – Pilot Studies on Definition, Extraction, Consumer Preference, Chemical Characterization and Microbiological Hazards
Authors: Claassen Linda , Rinderknecht Maximilian , Porth Theresa , Röhnisch Julia , Seren Hatice Yasemin , Scharinger Andreas , Gottstein Vera , Noack Daniela , Schwarz Steffen , Winkler Gertrud , Lachenmeier Dirk W.
Published: March 2021

Cold brew coffee is a new trend in coffee industry. This paper presents pilot studies into several aspect of this beverage. Using an online survey, the current practices of cold brew coffee preparation were investigated identifying a rather large variability with a preference for extraction of medium roasted Arabica coffee using 50-100 g/l at 8°C for about 1 day. Sensory testing using ranking and triangle tests showed that cold brew may be preferred over iced coffee (cooled down hot extracted coffee). Extraction experiments at different conditions combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis showed that the usual extraction time may be longer than necessary as most compounds are extracted within only a few hours, while increasing turbulence (e.g. using ultrasonication) and temperature may additional increase the speed of extraction. NMR analysis also revealed a possible chemical differentiation between cold brew and hot brew using multivariate data analysis. Decreased extraction time and reduced storage times could be beneficial for cold brew product quality as microbiological analysis of commercial samples detected samples with spoilage organisms and contamination with Bacillus cereus.
Lacustrine carbonate tufa facies of Winnemucca Dry Lake Basin, Nevada, U.S.A.
Authors: DeMott Laura M. , Scholz Christopher A.
Published: March 2021

Lacustrine carbonate tufa deposits are common in present-day lakes and dry pans of the western United States, and large-scale deposits (> 100 m high) are found throughout the subbasins of Pleistocene Lake Lahontan. This study presents a depositional model for very well exposed tufa in Winnemucca Dry Lake, a subbasin of Lake Lahontan, that incorporates new observations of tufa growth over length scales of 10–4–102 m. Tufa depositional facies are defined on the basis of outcrop morphology and texture. Deposits were mapped using satellite imagery and field observations. Tufa facies and volumes were quantified for seven tufa exposures across the basin using digital outcrop and elevation models from aerial images acquired from a small uncrewed aerial system (sUAS). Tufa thin sections were examined using transmitted-light petrography and scanning electron microscopy and combined with measurements of porosity and permeability to define small-scale facies characteristics. Both porosity and permeability are highly variable across textures; average values for both (ϕ = 29%, k = 5.5 D) indicate that all tufa types may exhibit excellent reservoir properties. The age and distribution of these facies across the basin are directly linked to hydroclimate and variations in lake level. The most important controls on tufa distribution at the basin scale are basin hydrology and pathways of groundwater inflow. Groundwater flow into the basin is largely concentrated along the western flexural margin along the contact between volcanic and volcaniclastic bedrock and alluvial sediments, rather than concentrated along the border fault margin, in contrast to other models which predict strong fault control of tufa occurrence. Microbially influenced tufa textures and morphologies are the most volumetrically significant tufas in the basin, composing between 77% and 100% of tufa volume at individual exposures; these are inferred to form during times when lake waters were warmer and levels higher, while physico-chemical processes dominate during early tufa formation, and generally in colder waters and under conditions of lower lake level. Deposition of tufas is a result of combined physical, chemical, and biological factors that are directly related to the basin geology and hydroclimate; however, the importance of each controlling factor is highly variable both spatially and temporally, complicating the development of effective and predictive depositional models. This case study describes tufa deposition intrinsically linked to basinal hydroclimatic histories, and understanding these relationships may assist in predicting volumes, physical properties, and stacking patterns of petroleum reservoir facies in lacustrine basins.
Classifying Lithofacies from Textural Features in Whole Core CT-Scan Images
Authors: Chawshin K. , Gonzalez A. , Berg C. F. , Varagnolo D. , Heidari Z. , Lopez O.
Published: March 2021

X-ray computerized tomography (CT) is a nondestructive method of providing information about the internal composition and structure of whole core reservoir samples. In this study we propose a method to classify lithology. The novelty of this method is that it uses statistical and textural information extracted from whole core CT images in a supervised learning environment. In the proposed approaches, first-order statistical features and textural grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features are extracted from whole core CT images. Here, two workflows are considered. In the first workflow, the extracted features are used to train a support vector machine (SVM) to classify lithofacies. In the second workflow, a principal component analysis (PCA) step is added before training with two purposes: first, to eliminate collinearity among the features and second, to investigate the amount of information needed to differentiate the analyzed images. Before extracting the statistical features, the images are preprocessed and decomposed using Haar mother wavelet decomposition schemes to enhance the texture and to acquire a set of detail images that are then used to compute the statistical features. The training data set includes lithological information obtained from core description. The approach is validated using the trained SVM and hybrid (PCA + SVM) classifiers to predict lithofacies in a set of unseen data. The obtained results show that the SVM classifier can predict some of the lithofacies with high accuracy (up to 91% recall), but it misclassifies, to some extent, similar lithofacies with similar grain size, texture, and transport properties. The SVM classifier captures the heterogeneity in the whole core CT images more accurately compared with the core description, indicating that the CT images provide additional high-resolution information not observed by manual core description. Further, the obtained prediction results add information on the similarity of the lithofacies classes. The prediction results using the hybrid classifier are worse than the SVM classifier, indicating that low-power components may contain information that is required to differentiate among various lithofacies.
Standard protocols for immune profiling of peripheral blood leucocyte subsets by flow cytometry using DuraClone IM reagents
Authors: Kronenberg Katharina , Riquelme Paloma , Hutchinson James A.
Published: March 2021

This document describes standard protocols used by the Hutchinson group for profiling human peripheral blood leucocytes by flow cytometry analyses using DuraClone IM reagents.
Bone Metastasis in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A SEER-Based Study
Authors: Qin Ya , Liang Xiao , Wang Nanyao , Yuan Ming , Zhu Jiamin , Wu Dan , Wang Qiong
Published: March 2021

Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common worldwide disease with a higher mortality rate. Studies on EC patients with bone metastasis (BM) are rare. Our study focused on the clinicopathological features of EC patients with BM using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to further explore the risk factors and survival for BM.Methods: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, EC patients with BM were extracted from the SEER database from 2010 to 2016. Univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to study the risk factors for BM. Univariable analysis and multivariable Cox regression were performed to reveal the survival and prognostic factors for BM. The competitive risk model was made to compare the association with BM among causes of death. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the bias.Results: A total of 5314 patients were included in this study. Patients with BM had a worse prognosis before and after PSM. Male, middle esophagus, with brain metastasis, without lung metastasis, without liver metastasis were major independent risk factors of BM. Poorly differentiated and undifferentiated, with liver metastasis, with lung metastasis and without chemotherapy were major independent prognostic factors of BM.Conclusions: Compared to patients with other metastatic sites such as liver, brain and lung, patients with BM had a worse prognosis. Our findings provide recommendations about clinical guidelines including examination and treatment for EC patients with BM.
Factors affecting student behavioural engagement in an inquiry-based online learning environment
Authors: Mamun Md Abdullah Al , Lawrie Gwen
Published: March 2021

The technological innovations and changing learning environments are influencing student engagement more than ever before. These changing learning environments are affecting the constructs of student behavioural engagement in the online environment and require scrutiny to determine how to facilitate better student learning outcomes. Specifically, the recent literature is lacking in providing insights into how students engage and interact with online content in the self-regulated environment, considering the absence of direct teacher support. This paper investigates how instructional design, informed by the factors relating to behavioural engagement, can influence the student-content interaction process within the fabric of inquiry-based learning activities. Two online learning modules on introductory science topics were developed to facilitate students’ independent study in an asynchronous online environment. The study revealed that students showed high commitment to engage and complete the tasks that required less manipulative, pro-active effort during the learning process. The findings also revealed that instructional guidance significantly improved the behavioural engagement for student groups with prior learning experience and technology skills. This study highlights several issues concerning student engagement in a self-directed online learning environment and offers possible suggestions for improvement. The findings might contribute to informing the practice of teachers and educators in developing online science modules applicable to inquiry-based learning.
CLeaR: An Adaptive Continual Learning Framework for Regression Tasks
Authors: He Yujiang , Sick Bernhard
Published: March 2021

Catastrophic forgetting means that a trained neural network model gradually forgets the previously learned tasks when being retrained on new tasks. Overcoming the forgetting problem is a major problem in machine learning. Numerous continual learning algorithms are very successful in incremental learning of classification tasks, where new samples with their labels appear frequently. However, there is currently no research that addresses the catastrophic forgetting problem in regression tasks as far as we know. This problem has emerged as one of the primary constraints in some applications, such as renewable energy forecasts. This article clarifies problem-related definitions and proposes a new methodological framework that can forecast targets and update itself by means of continual learning. The framework consists of forecasting neural networks and buffers, which store newly collected data from a non-stationary data stream in an application. The changed probability distribution of the data stream, which the framework has identified, will be learned sequentially. The framework is called CLeaR (Continual Learning for Regression Tasks), where components can be flexibly customized for a specific application scenario. We design two sets of experiments to evaluate the CLeaR framework concerning fitting error (training), prediction error (test), and forgetting ratio. The first one is based on an artificial time series to explore how hyperparameters affect the CLeaR framework. The second one is designed with data collected from European wind farms to evaluate the CLeaR framework's performance in a real-world application. The experimental results demonstrate that the CLeaR framework can continually acquire knowledge in the data stream and improve the prediction accuracy. The article concludes with further research issues arising from requirements to extend the framework.
New Lead Free Halide Double Perovskite Materials: Potential Substitutes Towards Green Technology and Stable Optoelectronic Application
Authors: Nabi Muskan , Gupta Dinesh C.
Published: March 2021

Explorations of new stable lead free perovskites have currently achieved substantial interest in the field of photovoltaics and optoelectronics as it tries to overcome the instability issue and avoid toxicity related with the lead based perovskites. We herein not only comprehensively tried to explain the experimentally synthesized two inorganic halide double perovskite materials but exploring their broader structural stability and also provide us a guideline to better understand their possible potential applications. For this purpose we performed density functional theory to investigate the structural, electronic, optical, elastic and thermoelectric properties of these materials. The stability of these cubic materials is validated by optimizing the structure, from the tolerance factor, mechanical stability test. These materials are found to be small band gap semiconductors with outshining optoelectronic performance. Due to high optical absorption, high conductivity and low reflectivity they have great potential to be used as a light absorbing material for photovoltaic application. Because, of small band gap we also tried to explore the variation of various transport properties with chemical potential. The semiconducting nature of materials results in ZT close to unity predicting its excellent application in thermoelectric technology.
The Structural, Magnetic and Optical Properties of Ni-Mg-Zn Ferrite Prepared With Different Complexing Agents via Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Zhang Yanchun , Sun Aimin , Suonan Zhaxi
Published: March 2021

Different complexing agents were used to prepare Ni-Mg-Zn ferrite with the composition formula Ni0.2Mg0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4 via sol-gel method, which included citric acid, oxalic acid, egg white and EDTA. The Ni0.2Mg0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4 ferrite with no complexing agent was also prepared as a comparison. The chemical phases of samples were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), which indicated that samples had spinel phase structure. The lattice constants of samples are in the range of 8.3980 ~ 8.4089 Å. The composition and structure were further studied by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). There were two typical characteristic bands related to the stretching vibrations of spinel ferrite in FTIR spectra. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed that the particles have the shape of spherical cube. Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analyzed the elements and ingredients of samples, which included Ni, Mg, Zn, Fe and O. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to examine further the elemental composition and chemical state of sample prepared with EDTA as complexing agent. The optical properties of samples were investigated by photoluminescence spectra and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to characterize magnetic properties, hysteresis loops revealed the ferrimagnetism behavior of prepared samples.
Clinical presentations, diagnostics, treatments and treatment costs of children and adults with febrile illness in a tertiary referral hospital in south-eastern Guinea: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study.
Authors: Raab Manuel , Pfadenhauer Lisa M. , Doumbouya Dansira , Froeschl Guenter
Published: March 2021

Background
Febrile illness is frequent among patients in the tropics. It is caused by a wide variety of common diseases such as malaria or gastrointestinal infections but also by less common but highly contagious pathogens with epidemic potential. This study describes the clinical features of adult and paediatric patients with febrile illness in in the largest tertiary referral hospital in south-eastern Guinea, a region at high risk for viral haemorrhagic fever outbreaks. The study further compares their diagnostic characteristics, treatments and outcomes with non-febrile patients in order to contribute to the local epidemiology of febrile illness.
Methods
We used retrospective data collection to record demographic and clinical data of all incoming patients during a study period of three months.
For the follow-up study of inpatients,
we retrospectively reviewed patient charts for diagnostic
characteristics, diagnoses and outcomes.
Results
Of the 4317 patients admitted during the study period, 9.5% had a febrile illness. The majority of febrile adults (73.8%) and children (92.1%) were hospitalized after admission. By far, the most used diagnostic measures to identify causative agents in febrile patients were point-of-care tests. Treatments of febrile patients were mainly a combination of paracetamol and/or antibiotics. Most common discharge diagnoses for febrile inpatients were malaria (9.6% adults, 56.7% children), salmonella gastroenteritis/typhoid (10.6% adults, 7.8% children) and respiratory infection/pneumonia (5.3% adults, 18.7% children). Inpatient mortality for children was significantly higher in febrile than non-febrile children (18.5% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001) and considerably higher in febrile than non-febrile adults (29.8% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.404).
Conclusions
The wide use of rapid diagnostic tests to identify causes of febrile illness highlights the low reliance on basic serological and advanced laboratory testing to research causative agents of febrile illness other than malaria or salmonella gastroenteritis/typhoid. This not only risks to over- or under-diagnose certain infectious diseases but also leaves the possibility of highly infectious diseases in febrile patients unexplored. Furthermore, healthcare facilities in south-eastern Guinea would benefit from antimicrobial stewardship due to their heavy reliance on antibiotics for treating febrile patients.