bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability analysis using evidence‐based traceability in the grain supply chain
Authors: Sharma Richa , Hurburgh Charles , Mosher Gretchen A.
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives

This article analyses the approach of identifying critical traceability events (CTE) and corresponding key data elements (KDE). The CTE–KDE approach is evidence‐based that identifies, and documents activities. It can be easily performed by (i) auditors; (ii) food manufacturers/processors; (iii) food suppliers to access gaps in process and supply chain. For example, for a grain processor storage of grain is identified as a CTE performed under grain elevator, and the necessary KDE includes the location of storage bin and supplier details. The CTE–KDE approach requires verifiable data, and the ability to assess graduated levels of success based on data. This article proposes the use of vulnerability analysis to predict levels of success in each CTE–KDE situation.

Significance and Novelty

A vulnerability analysis model identifies, quantifies, and prioritizes various factors responsible for reducing the efficacy of a system. Vulnerability analysis measures system attributes (data) related to: (i) frequency of occurrence; (ii) degree of impact of occurrence; and (iii) likelihood of detection. This article applies vulnerability analysis as a standard method for identifying when and how a traceability system will fail. Vulnerability analysis of an evidence‐based CTE–KDE framework accounts for complex interactions among supply chain participants' critical activities. The need for standard measures of evaluating traceability systems is clear. Such analysis must restrict CTE to be measurable events and key data elements to measurable system attributes.
L’impact de la fragilité de l’État sur les IDE entrants: Le rôle modérateur des ressources naturelles et de la gouvernance démocratique dans la région MENA
Authors: Triki Dora , Dimitrova Anna , Valentino Alfredo
Published: March 2022

The main contribution of this study to the research in international business is to integrate “state fragility” as a multidimensional factor determining FDI inflows. By examining 17 countries in the MENA region during the period from 2002 to 2018, our results reveal that state fragility has a negative impact on inward FDI. However, this negative relationship turns out to be moderated by the host‐country natural resource endowment and democratic governance. While lower levels of democratic governance strengthen the negative impact of state fragility on FDI, contrary to our expectations, higher levels of natural resource endowment accentuate this negative impact, thus providing evidence for the “resource curse” phenomenon.
CHEMampere: Technologies for sustainable chemical production with renewable electricity and CO2, N2, O2, and H2O
Authors: Klemm Elias , Lobo Carlos M. S. , Löwe Armin , Schallhart Verena , Renninger Stephan , Waltersmann Lara , Costa Rémi , Schulz Andreas , Dietrich Ralph‐Uwe , Möltner Lukas , Meynen Vera , Sauer Alexander , Friedrich K. Andreas
Published: March 2022

The chemical industry must become carbon neutral by 2050, meaning that process‐, energy‐, and product‐related CO2 emissions from fossil sources are completely suppressed. This goal can only be reached by using renewable energy, secondary raw materials, or CO2 as a carbon source. The latter can be done indirectly through the bioeconomy or directly by utilizing CO2 from air or biogenic sources (integrated biorefinery). Until 2030, CO2 waste from fossil‐based processes can be utilized to curb fossil CO2 emissions and reach the turning point of global fossil CO2 emissions. A technology mix consisting of recycling technologies, white biotechnology, and carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies is needed to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. In this context, CHEMampere contributes to the goal of carbon neutrality with electricity‐based CCU technologies producing green chemicals from CO2, N2, O2, and H2O in a decentralized manner. This is an alternative to the e‐Refinery concept, which needs huge capacities of water electrolysis for a centralized CO2 conversion with green hydrogen, whose demand is expected to rise dramatically due to the decarbonization of the energy sector, which would cause a conflict of use between chemistry and energy. Here, CHEMampere's core reactor technologies, that is, electrolyzers, plasma reactors, and ohmic resistance heating of catalysts, are described, and their technical maturity is evaluated for the CHEMampere platform chemicals NH3, NOx, O3, H2O2, H2, CO, and CxHyOz products such as formic acid or methanol. Downstream processing of these chemicals is also addressed by CHEMampere, but it is not discussed here.
Normal development in Xenopus laevis: A complementary staging table for the skull based on cartilage and bone
Authors: MacKenzie Erin M. , Atkins Jade B. , Korneisel Dana E. , Cantelon Alanna S. , McKinnell Iain W. , Maddin Hillary C.
Published: March 2022

Background

Xenopus laevis is a widely used model organism in the fields of genetics and development, and more recently evolution. At present, the most widely used staging table for X. laevis is based primarily on external features and does not describe the corresponding skull development in detail. Here, we describe skull development in X. laevis, complete with labeled figures, for each relevant stage in the most widely used staging table.

Results

We find skull development in X. laevis is, for the most part, distinct at each of the previously established stages based on external anatomy. However, variation does exist in the timing of onset of ossification of certain bones in the skull, which results in a range of stages where a skull element first ossifies. The overall sequence of ossification is less variable than the timing of ossification onset.

Conclusions

While events in skull development vary somewhat between specimens, and in comparison, to external events, this staging table is useful in showing both when bones first appear and for documenting the range of temporal variance in X. laevis skull development more accurately than previously done. Furthermore, when only skull data are available, the approximate stage of a specimen can now be determined.
Alternative LIM homeodomain splice variants are dynamically regulated at key developmental steps in vertebrates
Authors: Wheaton Benjamin Joel , Häggström Sara Lea , Muppavarapu Mridula , González‐Castrillón Luz María , Wilson Sara Ivy
Published: March 2022

Background

Alternative splicing provides a broad strategy to amplify the genome. Yet how alternative splicing influences neurodevelopment or indeed which variants are translated at developmental choice points remains poorly explored. Here we focused on a gene important for neurodevelopment, the Lim homeodomain transcription factor, Lhx9. Lhx9 has two noncanonical splice variants, Lhx9a and Lhx9b which compared with the canonical variant Lhx9c have a truncated homeodomain and an alternative C‐terminal sequence, suggesting that, if translated, these variants could differently impact on cellular function.

Results

We created a unique antibody tool designed to selectively detect noncanonical Lhx9 variants (Lhx9ab) and used this to examine the protein expression dynamics in embryos. Lhx9ab variants were translated and dynamically expressed similarly between mouse and chicken at key developmental choice points in the spinal cord, limbs and urogenital ridge. Within the spinal cord, enrichment of Lhx9c vs Lhx9ab expression was observed during key migration and axonal projection choice points.

Conclusions

These data support the notion that the expression dynamics between canonical and noncanonical Lhx9 variants could play an important role in spinal neuron maturation. More broadly, determining the temporal dynamics of alternative protein variants is a key entry point to understand how splicing influences developmental processes.
Neutralizing antibody responses 300 days after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and induction of high antibody titers after vaccination
Authors: Urlaub Doris , Wolfsdorff Natalie , Hoffmann Jan‐Erik , Dorok Stefanie , Hoffmann Markus , Anft Moritz , Pieris Naomi , Günther Patrick , Schaaf Bernhard , Cassens Uwe , Bröde Peter , Claus Maren , Picard Lea K. , Wingert Sabine , Backes Simone , Durak Deniz , Babel Nina , Pöhlmann Stefan , Renken Frank , Raunser Stefan , Watzl Carsten
Published: March 2022

Neutralizing antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 are important to protect against infection and/or disease. Using an assay to detect antibodies directed against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike, we identified individuals with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection after an outbreak at a local health institution. All but one COVID‐19 patient developed detectable anti‐RBD antibodies and 77% had virus neutralizing antibody titers of >1:25. Antibody levels declined slightly over time. However, we still detected virus neutralizing antibody titers in 64% of the COVID‐19 patients at >300 days after infection, demonstrating durability of neutralizing antibody levels after infection. Importantly, full COVID‐19 vaccination of these individuals resulted in higher antibody titers compared to fully vaccinated individuals in the absence of prior infection. These data demonstrate long‐lived antibody‐mediated immunity after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and a clear benefit of two vaccine doses for recovered individuals.
Demonstration of the Effectiveness of a Pilot, Variable Speed Crusher Featuring an In‐Line Oxygen Dosing System
Authors: Angeloni Giulia , Guerrini Lorenzo , Corti Ferdinando , Spadi Agnese , Calamai Luca , Parenti Alessandro , Masella Piernicola
Published: March 2022

At the industrial scale, improvements to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) processing are an important opportunity to increase both added‐value, and the product's organoleptic and chemical parameters. Concerning all the operations used during EVOO extraction, crushing and malaxation have an effect on the extraction efficiency and minor components composition extremely significant. In this context, a pilot industrial‐scale crusher is designed and developed that can control the amount of oxygen that is dosed directly into the produced olive paste. In this study, the effectiveness of this new technique, combined with different crushing speeds on EVOO quality, is evaluated. It is demonstrated that supplying oxygen to the paste enriches the volatile fraction, the mean increase is about 30% for the compounds associated to positive sensory notes, while the concentrations of the compounds associated to sensory defects are stationary on 5.2 mg kg−1.

Practical Applications: This result is confirmed by a sensory analysis, notably an increase in fruity intensity. It is also shown that crushing speed affects the extraction of compounds such as biophenols, and increases the bitter taste. Increased bitterness is detected for samples crushed at 3500 rpm compared to those crushed at lower speed (mean 5.7±0.3 compared to 4.5±0.4).
Effects of the air pollution dynamics on semen quality and sperm DNA methylation in men living in urban industrial agglomeration
Authors: Vozdova Miluse , Kubickova Svatava , Kopecka Vera , Sipek Jaroslav , Rubes Jiri
Published: March 2022

Human populations living in urban industrial regions of developed countries are exposed to high levels of environmental pollutants. The reproductive consequences of the exposure to air pollution can be monitored through semen analysis and molecular methods. In this study, we tested the possible impact of seasonal changes in the level of air pollution on the semen quality and sperm DNA methylation of 24 men living and working in the industrial agglomeration of Ostrava (Czech Republic). The study participants were healthy non‐smokers. The study group was homogeneous regarding their profession, moderate alcohol consumption, no drug abuse and no additional exposure to chemical toxicants. We performed targeted methylation next generation sequencing (NGS) using Agilent SureSelect Human Methyl‐Seq and Illumina NextSeq 500 platform to analyze semen samples collected repeatedly from the same men following the season of high (winter) and low (summer) air pollution exposure. We did not detect any adverse effects of the increased exposure on the semen quality; neither we found any difference in average sperm DNA methylation between the two sampling periods. Our search for differentially methylated CpG sites did not reveal any specific CpG methylation change. Our data indicate that the seasonal changes in the level of the air pollution probably do not have any substantial effect on sperm DNA methylation of men living in the highly polluted industrial agglomeration for a long period of time.
The enigmatic figure of Leon Pierce Clark and his contribution to epilepsy
Authors: Shorvon Simon D.
Published: March 2022

Leon Pierce Clark (1870‐1933) was a prominent American neurologist and psychiatrist and an enigmatic figure. He made enduring contributions to status epilepticus and to epilepsy. In the 1910s and 1920s, his chief focus was on the psychological mechanisms of epilepsy and on the personality of those with idiopathic epilepsy which he interpreted from a psychoanalytical perspective. He also described the epileptic voice sign, wrote psychobiographies of among others Abraham Lincoln and Napoleon Bonaparte, and published a book of poetry. He held many important positions in American professional societies and yet was embroiled in controversy.
Development of a geomorphic monitoring strategy for stage 0 restoration in the South Fork McKenzie River, Oregon, USA
Authors: Hinshaw Sarah , Wohl Ellen , Burnett Jonathan D. , Wondzell Steve
Published: March 2022

The South Fork McKenzie River (SFMR) in western Oregon, USA hosts one of the largest Stage 0 stream restoration projects implemented to date. Stage 0 refers to a multichannel planform with strong hydrologic connectivity to the adjacent floodplain and surface–subsurface connectivity. Stage 0 restoration was implemented on a 900‐m‐long reach of the SFMR by re‐grading the channel and floodplain using 65,000 m3 of sediment to raise the channel bed. Thousands of large logs were added and the ends of some logs were buried in the sediment to provide foundations for future log jams. Our primary objective is to present a monitoring protocol based on randomly located sampling plots. We also analyze results from 2 years of data collection since project implementation. Within each plot, we measured canopy cover, wood volume, flow depth and velocity, organic cover (area covered by coarse and fine organic material), and substrate grain size. We used intracluster correlation coefficients and variance of measured variables to assess heterogeneity at three spatial scales: within plots, between adjacent plots, and across the entire site. Here, we evaluate changes in the first 2 years after restoration (i.e., not pre‐ vs. post‐restoration). We hypothesized that heterogeneity within a plot would decrease as the plot adjusted to local‐scale hydraulics and sediment and particulate material transport. We hypothesized that heterogeneity would increase between adjacent plots and across the entire site. We found that spatial heterogeneity of geomorphic variables decreased within plots. Heterogeneity of organic cover, sediment size, and flow depth increased between adjacent plots, although other variables did not change. Site‐scale heterogeneity decreased for all variables except organic cover and substrate. We interpret the observed geomorphic responses to reflect decreased longitudinal connectivity and increased lateral and vertical connectivity at the restoration site.
Time trends in psychotropic drug prescriptions in Dutch nursing home residents with dementia between 2003 and 2018
Authors: Du Jiamin , Janus Sarah , Voorthuis Brenda , van Manen Jeannette , Achterberg Wilco , Smalbrugge Martin , Zwijsen Sandra , Gerritsen Debby , Koopmans Raymond , Zuidema Sytse
Published: March 2022

Objective

Several European studies investigated the trends in psychotropic drug prescriptions (PDPs) among nursing home (NH) residents and reported a decline in antipsychotics prescriptions. Since the Dutch long‐term care system differs from other European systems (e.g. higher threshold for NH admission and trained elderly care physicians), this study explores the trends in PDPs in Dutch NH residents with dementia.

Methods

The study used data from nine studies, comprising two cross‐sectional studies, one cohort study, and six cluster‐randomized controlled trials, collected in Dutch NHs between 2003 and 2018. With multilevel logistic regression analysis, NHs as a random effect, we estimated the trends in PDPs overall and for five specific psychotropic drug groups (antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anti‐dementia drugs), adjusting for confounders: age, gender, severity of dementia, severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms, and length of stay in NHs.

Results

The absolute prescription rate of antipsychotics was 37.5% in 2003 and decreased (OR = 0.947, 95% CI [0.926, 0.970]) every year. The absolute prescription rate of anti‐dementia drugs was 0.8% in 2003 and increased (OR = 1.162, 95% CI [1.105, 1.223]) per year. The absolute rate of overall PDPs declined from 62.7% in 2003 to 40.4% in 2018.

Conclusions

Among Dutch NH residents with dementia, the odds of antipsychotics prescriptions decreased by 5.3% per year while the odds of anti‐dementia drug prescriptions increased by 16.2%. There were no distinct trends in antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics prescriptions. However, overall PDPs were still high. The PDPs in NH residents remain an issue of concern.
Diagnostic performance and neural basis of the combination of free‐ and pre‐drawn Clock Drawing Test
Authors: Imai Ayu , Matsuoka Teruyuki , Kato Yuka , Narumoto Jin
Published: March 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to clarify the diagnostic performance and neural basis of the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) combining free‐ and pre‐drawn methods.

Methods

This retrospective study included 165 participants (91 with Alzheimer disease [AD], 52 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment [aMCI], and 22 healthy controls [HC]), who were divided into four groups according to their free‐ and pre‐drawn CDT scores: group 1, could do both; group 2, impaired in both; group 3, impaired in pre‐drawn CDT; and group 4, impaired in free‐drawn CDT. The diagnostic performances of the free‐drawn, pre‐drawn, and combination methods were compared using receiver operating characteristics analysis; in voxel‐based morphometry analysis, the gray matter (GM) volume of groups 2–4 were compared with that of group 1.

Results

The area under the curve of the combination method was greater than that of the free‐ or pre‐drawn method alone when comparing AD with HC or aMCI. Group 2 had a significantly smaller GM volume in the bilateral temporal lobes than group 1. Group 3 had a trend toward smaller GM volumes in the right temporal lobe when a liberal threshold was applied. Group 4 had significantly smaller GM volumes in the left temporal lobe than group 1.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the combination method may be able to screen for a wider range of brain dysfunction. Combined use of free‐ and pre‐drawn CDT may be useful for screening for AD and its early detection and treatment.
Temporal pole volume is associated with episodic autobiographical memory in healthy older adults
Authors: Setton Roni , Sheldon Signy , Turner Gary R. , Spreng R. Nathan
Published: March 2022

Recollection of personal past events differs across the lifespan. Older individuals recall fewer episodic details and convey more semantic information than young. Here we examine how gray matter volumes in temporal lobe regions integral to episodic and semantic memory (hippocampus and temporal poles, respectively) are related to age differences in autobiographical recollection. Gray matter volumes were obtained in healthy young (n = 158) and old (n = 105) adults. The temporal pole was demarcated and hippocampus segmented into anterior and posterior regions to test for volume differences between age groups. The Autobiographical Interview was administered to measure episodic and semantic autobiographical memory. Volume associations with episodic and semantic autobiographical memory were then assessed. Brain volumes were smaller for older adults in the posterior hippocampus. Autobiographical memory was less episodic and more semanticized for older versus younger adults. Older adults also showed positive associations between temporal pole volumes and episodic autobiographical recall; in the young, temporal pole volume was positively associated with performance on standard laboratory measures of semantic memory. Exploratory analyses revealed that age‐related episodic autobiographical memory associations with anterior hippocampal volumes depended on sex. These findings suggest that age differences in brain structures implicated in episodic and semantic memory may portend reorganization of neural circuits to support autobiographical memory in later life.
Use of BTK inhibitors with focus on ibrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma: An expert panel opinion statement
Authors: Zinzani Pier Luigi , Martelli Maurizio , Ferrero S. , Gentile Massimo , Laurenti Luca , Romana Mauro Francesca , Sportoletti Paolo , Tedeschi Alessandra , Varettoni M. , Visco Carlo
Published: March 2022

The introduction of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors transformed the management of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Ibrutinib, the first‐in‐class BTK inhibitor is now approved in more than 80 countries and there are over 20 new BTK inhibitors in development. In addition, novel agents show potential clinical activity (alone and in combination) and are in the approval phase and/or being studied in ongoing clinical trials. How does the practicing clinician decide on the optimal therapeutic strategy for this highly heterogenous disease? In July 2020 a group of experts from Italy, convened a meeting to address and provide clarification on a series of outstanding issues in the treatment of MCL with the view of providing clinical guidance on its management. This expert opinion statement represents the panel's collective analysis, evaluation, and recommendations and is made up of a series of questions and answers (in the form of a review of the pertinent literature) designed to replicate those posed by practicing clinicians in Italy but which are applicable to clinical settings worldwide.
Ultra‐robust stretchable electrode for e‐skin: In situ assembly using a nanofiber scaffold and liquid metal to mimic water‐to‐net interaction
Authors: Cao Jinwei , Liang Fei , Li Huayang , Li Xin , Fan Youjun , Hu Chao , Yu Jing , Xu Jin , Yin Yiming , Li Fali , Xu Dan , Feng Hanfang , Yang Huali , Liu Yiwei , Chen Xiaodong , Zhu Guang , Li Run‐Wei
Published: March 2022

The development of stretchable electronics could enhance novel interface structures to solve the stretchability–conductivity dilemma, which remains a major challenge. Herein, we report a nano‐liquid metal (LM)‐based highly robust stretchable electrode (NHSE) with a self‐adaptable interface that mimics water‐to‐net interaction. Based on the in situ assembly of electrospun elastic nanofiber scaffolds and electrosprayed LM nanoparticles, the NHSE exhibits an extremely low sheet resistance of 52 mΩ sq−1. It is not only insensitive to a large degree of mechanical stretching (i.e., 350% electrical resistance change upon 570% elongation) but also immune to cyclic deformation (i.e., 5% electrical resistance increases after 330 000 stretching cycles with 100% elongation). These key properties are far superior to those of the state‐of‐the‐art reports. Its robustness and stability are verified under diverse circumstances, including long‐term exposure to air (420 days), cyclic submersion (30 000 times), and resilience against mechanical damages. The combination of conductivity, stretchability, and durability makes the NHSE a promising conductor/electrode solution for flexible/stretchable electronics for applications such as wearable on‐body physiological signal detection, human–machine interaction, and heating e‐skin.

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Agricultural water management practices to improve the climate resilience of irrigated agriculture in India
Authors: Sikka Alok K. , Alam Mohammad Faiz , Mandave Vidya
Published: March 2022

The projected implications of climate change for water and agriculture to meet diverse and competitive water demands requires smart water management solutions. Science‐ and evidence‐based, agricultural water management (AWM) can significantly contribute to reduce unsustainable water use and help enhance water resilience and adaptation to climate change. This paper presents a brief overview of potential AWM practices focusing on enhancing water resilience, increasing yields, and wherever possible, reducing emissions. This is achieved via increased land and water use efficiency, water and energy savings, and improved water productivity with considerable scope to improve agricultural resilience. In this context, the prioritization of a location‐specific portfolio of smart AWM practices to make the right investment decisions is very important. We present two distinct and complementary approaches to prioritize AWM practices in this paper: one follows stakeholder analysis to build a prioritized portfolio of climate‐smart AWM practices and the other employs a simple water balance‐based approach to prioritize interventions. The way forward in mainstreaming and scaling out context‐specific climate‐smart AWM interventions is also discussed with a focus on capacity building, water management extension services, and the mobilization of resources through the convergence of institutions and co‐financing from relevant development schemes.
Evaluation of gravity‐led and energy‐fed drainage for sustaining food security in the polders of the coastal zone of Bangladesh
Authors: Mondal Manoranjan K. , Yadav Sudhir , Baidya Bishwajit , Khan Zahirul H. , Sutradhar Asish , Humphreys Elizabeth , Kamal Farhana A. , Jagadish S. V. Krishna
Published: March 2022

Bangladesh is currently self‐sufficient in rice production but faces immense challenges of sustaining that self‐sufficiency because of population growth and climate change. There is little scope to further increase cropping intensity except in the underutilized 1.2 Mha of lands enclosed in the polders of the coastal zone. The main impediment to wide‐scale adoption of more productive cropping systems in the polders is poor drainage that often results in waterlogging. Therefore, a study was conducted in polder 30, in the medium‐salinity region of the south‐west coastal zone, to examine the biophysical and economic feasibility of low‐cost gravity (gravity‐led) drainage. The results show a considerable opportunity to increase rice production in the polders with improved drainage practices. The feasibility of drainage through pumping (energy‐fed) was also assessed, given that there are already situations where gravity‐led drainage is not feasible, and these situations are likely to increase because of climate change‐induced sea level rise and the sinking of polder lands. Energy‐fed drainage was demonstrated to be profitable with a yield gain of at least 1.5 t/ha from just the wet season; further intensification to 50% of polder lands may yield an additional harvest of 3–6 million tons of rice per year. Therefore, investing in improved drainage management in the polders could be a major game changer in sustaining the food security of the nation, especially the climate‐vulnerable polder communities of Bangladesh.
A mindfulness‐based well‐being group for international students in higher education: A pilot study
Authors: Xiong Yiying , Prasath Priscilla Rose , Zhang Qiyang , Jeon Lieny
Published: March 2022

With an increasing number of international students enrolled in U.S. higher education, they were reported to have severe mental health issues, especially during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic. It is critical to provide evidence‐based mental health services to help them cope with those issues and promote mental health and the overall well‐being of international students. In this article, we utilized a randomized controlled trial to pilot‐test the effectiveness of a mindfulness‐based well‐being group for international students (MBWIS) in improving participants’ overall well‐being and mental health. The results indicated that the MBWIS not only improves international students’ trait mindfulness but also increases positive mental health as well as decreases their overall psychological distress and perceived discrimination. Related findings and implications for counselors and university personnel, including how to implement MBWIS in mental health facilities, are discussed within the existing literature.
Anger rumination and imagined violence as related to violent behavior before and after psychiatric hospitalization
Authors: Hardin Kaitlin M. , Contreras Isaias M. , Kosiak Klaudia , Novaco Raymond W.
Published: March 2022

Objective

Anger rumination and imagined violence, in the context of anger/aggression proclivity, are examined for their direct and conjoint associations with violent behavior by psychiatric patients.

Method

A secondary analysis of data from the MacArthur Violence Risk Study was conducted with 1136 acute civil commitment patients, assessed during hospitalization and after hospital discharge. Anger/aggression proclivity was assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale hostility subscale, anger rumination was indexed using items from the Novaco Anger Scale, and imagined violence was measured with Grisso's Schedule of Imagined Violence. Violence, prehospitalization and posthospitalization, was indexed by the MacArthur project measure.

Results

Correlational analyses, mediation analyses, and moderated mediation analyses were conducted. Anger rumination significantly predicted pre‐ and posthospitalization violence, when controlling for age, sex, race, childhood physical abuse, and anger/aggression proclivity; and it partially mediated the relation between anger/aggression proclivity and violence. Imagined violence and anger rumination were highly inter‐related. When imagined violence was added to the regression model, it was a significant predictor of prehospitalization violence; however, it did not moderate the association of anger rumination with pre‐ or posthospitalization violence.

Conclusion

Anger rumination may be a mechanism through which anger activates violent behavior, which has important implications for psychotherapeutic intervention targeting. Future research should investigate the association between anger rumination and imagined violence, with attention given to revenge planning as a link.
Cognitive and emotional factors associated with the desire to cease non‐suicidal self‐injury
Authors: Gray Nicole , Hasking Penelope , Boyes Mark
Published: March 2022

Background

Due to cognitive and emotional differences between individuals who have and have not stopped self‐injuring, we explored these in the context of desire to stop.

Method

Australian university students (n = 374) completed cognitive and emotional measures. Comparisons were made between those who had self‐injured in the past 12 months and those who had not, and between individuals who reported wanting to stop self‐injuring and those who did not.

Results

Approximately 20% of participants did not want to stop self‐injuring. Cognitive emotional factors (psychological distress, self‐efficacy to resist, difficulties regulating emotion, interpersonal functions, and outcome expectancies) differentiated individuals who had and had not stopped, but could not explain differences in desire to stop.

Conclusion

Factors associated with desire to stop are not the same as factors underlying behavioural cessation. Motivational approaches to changes in self‐injurious behaviour would be beneficial for clinicians and their clients.
Effect of Mild and Moderate Hepatic Impairment (Defined by Child–Pugh Classification and National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group Criteria) on Pexidartinib Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Zahir Hamim , Greenberg Jonathan , Hsu Ching , Marbury Thomas C. , Lasseter Kenneth C. , Xu Li‐An , Tap William D. , Healey John H. , Stacchiotti Silvia , LaCreta Frank
Published: March 2022

Pexidartinib is a novel oral small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting the colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor. Pexidartinib undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism via multiple cytochrome P450 and uridine 5'‐diphospho‐glucuronosyl transferase enzymes, with ZAAD‐1006a as the only major metabolite in human plasma. As pexidartinib is extensively metabolized, hepatic impairment (HI) could lead to increased exposure to pexidartinib. The objective of the two phase 1, open‐label studies was to determine the pharmacokinetics of pexidartinib after a single 200‐mg dose in subjects with mild and moderate HI, based on Child–Pugh classification (PL3397‐A‐U123: 8 mild HI and 8 moderate HI vs 16 matched healthy controls) and National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group (NCI‐ODWG) criteria (PL3397‐A‐U129: 8 moderate HI versus 8 matched healthy controls [NCT04223635]). Based on Child–Pugh classification, exposure to pexidartinib (maximum observed concentration [Cmax], area under the plasma concentration–time curve up to the last measurable concentration [AUClast], and extrapolated to infinity [AUCinf]) was similar in subjects with mild and moderate HI and in respective matched healthy controls, whereas ZAAD‐1006a exposure (AUC) was approximately 27% to 28% and 41% to 48% higher in mild and moderate HI, respectively. According to NCI‐ODWG criteria, total pexidartinib exposure was 42% to 46% higher in subjects with moderate HI, compared with healthy controls, and total ZAAD‐1006a exposure was 70% to 79% higher for subjects with moderate HI, compared with matched healthy controls with normal hepatic function. These findings were used to develop appropriate dose recommendations in patients with hepatic impairment.
Utility of renal scintigraphy in diagnosis of multicystic dysplastic kidney
Authors: Hannallah Arthi , Baker Zoë G. , De Filippo Roger E. , Sparks S. Scott , Ko Joan , Vasquez Evalynn
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To compare the prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) diagnosed by renal scintigraphy (RS) versus follow‐up renal ultrasound (RUS) alone.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of patients seen at a tertiary care center from 2010 to 2020 with MCDK diagnosed by RS or follow‐up RUS. Differences in the prevalence of VUR, fUTI, and CKD by cohort were assessed using logistic regression analysis, Pearson X2, and Fisher's Exact tests. Temporal trends in diagnostic methods used (RUS versus RUS + RS) were evaluated using the Cochran‐Armitage trend test.

Results

One‐hundred seventy‐two patients were included: 50% (n = 86) underwent RUS + RS and 50% (n = 86) underwent RUS alone to diagnose MCDK. Prevalence of VUR, fUTI, and CKD did not significantly vary between groups. Among patients who had a VCUG, 4.4% had contralateral VUR (1.7% RUS + RS group; 7.4% RUS group; p = 0.19) and 14.5% had at least one fUTI (16.3% RUS + RS group; 12.8% RUS group; p = 0.52). Females were significantly more likely to have at least one fUTI (p = 0.04). Four patients (2.3%) developed CKD, all in the RUS + RS cohort (p = 0.12). Diagnosis of MCDK by RUS versus RUS + RS did not significantly vary over time (p = 0.17).

Conclusion

Patients with unilateral MCDK confirmed by RS versus RUS alone do not significantly vary in the prevalence of VUR, fUTI, or CKD. Renal scintigraphy studies may not be necessary in unilateral MCDK diagnosis but continue to be used.
Social information use in adolescents with conduct problems and varying levels of callous‐unemotional traits
Authors: Gaule Anne , Bevilacqua Leonardo , Molleman Lucas , Roberts Ruth , Duijvenvoorde Anna C. van , den Bos Wouter van , McCrory Eamon J. , Viding Essi
Published: March 2022

Background

Adolescents with conduct problems (CP) are characterised by difficulties with social relationships and display atypical social cognition, such as when interpreting emotional expressions or engaging in social problem‐solving. One important aspect of social cognition that warrants investigation is the degree to which these adolescents factor others' views into their already held beliefs, and strategies used to do so. Effective social information use enables attunement to social environment, cooperation, and social problem‐solving. Difficulties in this regard could contribute to problems in social interactions in adolescents with CP, and may vary with adolescents' high (CP/HCU) versus low levels of callous‐unemotional traits (CP/LCU).

Methods

We compared social information use in boys (11–16 years) with CP/HCU (n = 32), CP/LCU (n = 31) and typically developing (TD) peers (n = 45), matched for IQ. Participants provided estimates of numbers of animals on a screen, saw another adolescent's estimate, and could adjust their initial estimate. We compared two aspects of social information use: (1) degree of adjustment of initial estimate towards another's estimate and (2) strategy use when adjusting estimates.

Results

Degree of adjustment towards another's estimate did not vary across groups, but strategy use did. Adolescents with CP/LCU compromised less following social information than TD peers.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that while adolescents with CP are able to take social information into account, those with CP/LCU use this information in a way that differs from other groups and could be less efficient. This warrants further systematic investigation as it could represent a target for behaviour management strategies. Overall, this study highlights the need for more research delineating the social‐cognitive profile of adolescents with CP/LCU.
Pollen morphology of selected melliferous plants and its taxonomic implications using microscopy
Authors: Attique Rafia , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Sadia , Ghufran Muhammad Asad , Mustafa Muhammad Raza Ul , Yaseen Ghulam , Ahmad Latif , Sultana Shazia , Nabila  , Zafar Aqeela , Majeed Salman
Published: March 2022

This research aimed to explore the melliferous bee flora pollen from arid zones of District Attock, Islamabad Capital and Rawalpindi. Morpho‐palynological features has provided key information for the classification and help to explain the taxonomy of several genera and species. Therefore, in this work, we examined the morphological characters of pollen potentially to be used for the species delimitation of bee flora. A total of 18 bee floral species, classified into 12 different families were collected, pressed, identified and then acetolyized to observe the grains under microscopy. Bee pollen can be described by small, medium to large sized morphotypes presenting five types of shapes, prolate spheroidal in (seven species), sub‐prolate (six species), oblate spheroidal (three species), oblate and prolate (one species each) was examined. The observed polar and equatorial diameter were found maximum in Zea mays 73.5 μm and Pelargonium inquinans 66.75 μm respectively. Pollen of six different types was found namely: tricolporate, 3‐zonocolporate, monoportae, tetracolporate, tetraporate and mononsulcate. Whereas highest value of colpi length was measured in Grewia tenax (24.55 μm). Exine surface nature of pollen was examined echinate psilate and scabrate. Exine thickness noted to be maximum in Verbena tenuisecta (8.40 μm) and minimum in Citrus macrocarpa (0.4 μm). Bee floral species considered difficult to identify based on other morphological traits were successfully distinguished using pollen quantitative and qualitative traits, confirming the importance of pollen morphology to diagnose characters to correctly identify honeybee flora.

Research Highlights

Pollen diversity among honeybee flora.

Highly variations observed via microscopy in pollen micromorphology.

Palyno‐morph has taxonomic value for the identification of honeybee floral species.
Rapid inactivation of Dabie bandavirus (SFTSV) by irradiation with deep‐ultraviolet light‐emitting diode
Authors: Kaneko Chiho , Saito Akatsuki , Inagaki Hiroko , Sugiyama Hironobu , Mazimpaka Eugene , Fujimoto Shouichi , Okabayashi Tamaki
Published: March 2022

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by Dabie bandavirus (SFTSV) is a serious public health concern in endemic areas, particularly in Asian and Southeast Asian countries. SFTSV is transmitted by direct contact with body fluids from infected humans and animals. Therefore, environmental hygiene in hospitals and veterinary clinics in SFTSV‐endemic areas is highly important. This study assessed the effects of continuous and intermittent irradiation with deep‐ultraviolet light‐emitting diode (DUV‐LED) on SFTSV. Evaluation was performed by conducting plaque assay in which SFTSV irradiated with deep‐ultraviolet (DUV; 280 ± 5 nm) was inoculated onto Vero cells. The results showed that continuous and intermittent irradiation for 5 s, resulting in 18.75 mJ/cm2 of cumulative UV exposure, led to a >2.7 and >2.9 log reduction, respectively, corresponding to a >99.8% reduction in infectivity. These results demonstrate that DUV can be utilized for inactivation of SFTSV to maintain environmental hygiene in hospitals and veterinary clinics in endemic countries.
Methodological guidance for rapid reviews in healthcare: A scoping review
Authors: Speckemeier Christian , Niemann Anja , Wasem Jürgen , Buchberger Barbara , Neusser Silke
Published: March 2022

The aim of the present work was to identify published methodological guidance for rapid reviews (RRs) and to analyze the recommendations with regard to time‐saving measures. A literature search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE in November 2020. In addition, a search based on Google Scholar and websites of governmental and non‐governmental organizations was conducted. Literature screening was carried out by two researchers independently. A total of 34 publications were included. These describe 38 distinct RR types. The timeframe to complete the identified RR types ranges from 24 h to 6 months (mean time 2.2 months). For most RR types a specific research question (n = 21) and a prioritizing search (n = 25; preference for e.g., systematic reviews and meta‐analyses) is employed. Different approaches such as reduced personnel in literature screening (n = 21) and data extraction (n = 21) are recommended. The majority of RR types include a bias assessment (n = 28) and suggest a narrative report focusing on safety and efficacy. The included RR types are heterogeneous in terms of completion time, considered domains and strategies to alter the standard systematic review methods. A rationale for the recommended shortcuts is rarely presented.
Short‐term treatment with zingerone ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium‐induced mouse experimental colitis
Authors: Zhang Zecai , Cui Yueqi , Liu Siyu , Huang Jiang , Liu Yu , Zhou Yulong , Zhu Zhanbo
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, which seriously threatens human health. Zingerone (ZO) has been proven to be effective for many diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of ZO extracted from ginger on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced mouse ulcerative colitis (UC).

RESULTS

The results showed that ZO alleviated the weight loss of UC model mice, reduced the disease activity index scores, and inhibited the shortening of colon length. ZO also improved DSS‐induced pathological changes in colon tissue and inhibited the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in colon and mesenteric lymph nodes. Further mechanism analysis found that ZO inhibited DSS‐induced nuclear factor‐κB pathway activation, and regulated peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression. To further explore whether PPARγ was involved in the anti‐UC effect of ZO, PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 was used. Although ZO also showed a protective effect on GW9662‐treated colitis mice, the protective role was significantly weakened. Importantly, the administration of GW9662 significantly aggravated UC compared with the ZO + DSS group. In addition, we preliminarily found that ZO had the effects of inhibiting DSS‐induced oxidative stress, maintaining intestinal barrier, and inhibiting the content of LPS and the population of Escherichia coli.

CONCLUSIONS

These results indicated that supplementation with ZO might be a new dietary strategy for the treatment of UC. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Physical and oxidative stability of astaxanthin microcapsules prepared with liposomes
Authors: Zhao Xu , Wang Kaili , Zhao Jiale , Sun Rongbo , Shang Hang , Sun Chuanqiang , Liu Liangwei , Hou Juncai , Jiang Zhanmei
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Oil bodies (OBs) are a kind of natural and stable oil nucleate microcapsule in which the triglyceride matrix can be used as an appropriate carrier of hydrophobic molecules. Astaxanthin has high antioxidant properties but is extremely sensitive to oxidation, causing the loss of its bioactive properties.

RESULTS

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of environmental factors (light, oxygen, temperature, and pH) on the physical and oxidative stability of astaxanthin microcapsules prepared with peanut oil bodies (POBs). After 14 days of storage, the retention rate of astaxanthin in peanut oil microcapsules (POMs) was significantly increased. The astaxanthin retention rate of POMs stored under light conditions was higher than under dark conditions. Similarly, the retention rate of astaxanthin in POMs was significantly increased during vacuum storage. The astaxanthin retention rate was also the highest when POMs were stored at 4 °C, whereas it was the lowest at pH 3.0.

CONCLUSION

The experiment demonstrated that microcapsulation could improve the astaxanthin retention rate and storage stability, and recombinant OBs were potential ideal wall materials for astaxanthin embedding. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of microporous polysaccharide hemospheres on anterolateral thigh free flap donor site complications
Authors: David Abel P. , Zebolsky Aaron L. , Park Andrea M. , Heaton Chase M. , Knott P. Daniel , Seth Rahul
Published: March 2022

Background

Postoperative seroma is the most common donor site complication following anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap harvest for head and neck reconstruction. The utility of novel microporous polysaccharide hemospheres (MPH) has not been studied as a hemostatic agent in this setting.

Methods

Prospective, single‐blind, randomized controlled trial of patients undergoing fasciocutaneous ALT harvest for head and neck reconstruction at a tertiary academic medical center between April 2018 and February 2020. The intervention (MPH) group received 3 g of topical MPH to the ALT donor site prior to closure whereas the control group did not receive application of MPH. Outcomes included total drain output (ml), drain output during postoperative days (POD) 1–3 alone, drain duration (days), and incidence of donor site hematoma, seroma, or infection.

Results

Twenty‐nine patients were randomized to the MPH group and 26 to the control group. For MPH and control groups, mean total drain output was 284.7 ± 153.0 ml versus 317.9 ± 177.6 ml (p = .527), mean POD 1–3 drain output alone was 169.3 ± 88.8 ml versus 157.9 ± 78.7 ml (p = .749), and drain duration was 5.9 ± 1.5 days versus 6.5 ± 1.6 days (p = .144), respectively. There was no significant difference in seroma (p = .733), hematoma (p = .492), or infection (p = 1.000). Drain output was not significantly influenced by gender, age, body weight, or smoking habits.

Conclusion

MPH administration to ALT free flap donor sites did not significantly improve drain output, hematoma formation, or seroma formation.

Level of Evidence 2