bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Contour Tracking of a Voice Coil Motors-Driven Dual-Axis Positioning Stage Using Fuzzy Fractional PID Control with Variable Orders
Authors: Chen Syuan-Yi , Yang Meng-Chen
Published: March 2021

This study aims to develop a variable-order fuzzy fractional proportional-integral-differential (VOFFPID) control system for controlling the mover position of a newly designed voice coil motors- (VCMs-) driven dual-axis positioning stage. First, the operation principle and dynamics of the stage are analyzed. After that, the design of a fuzzy fractional proportional-integral-differential (FFPID) control system is introduced on the basis of a fractional calculus and fuzzy logic system. With an additional degree of freedom to the control parameters and fuzzy operation, the FFPID control system can upgrade the contour tracking performance of a conventional proportional-integral-differential (PID) control system with respect to the specified dynamics of the stage. Moreover, the VOFFPID control system is designed to further improve the tracking responses of the FFPID control system. In this system, the five control parameters are optimized with the cuckoo search algorithm via an adaptive strategy. Lastly, nominal and payload conditions attributed to two nonlinear contour demands are provided to evaluate the contouring performance of the PID, FFPID, and VOFFPID control systems. The experimental results subjected to different performance measures demonstrate that the proposed VOFFPID controller outperforms PID and FFPID controllers in terms of the designed VCMs-driven dual-axis positioning stage under both conditions.
Further Results on Stability Analysis for Uncertain Delayed Neural Networks with Reliable Memory Feedback Control
Authors: Wang Wenhao , Cai Xiao , Shi Kaibo , Zhu Hong , Zhong Shouming
Published: March 2021

This study proposes further results for the stability analysis issue of uncertain delayed neural networks (UDNNs) via the reliable memory feedback control scheme. First, an improved quadratic function method is introduced for constructing a novel term

V

1

x

t

, which can fully excavate some intrinsic relationships between the delay derivative information and time-delay information. Based on the time-delay-product function (TDPF) and linear convex combination method (LCCM), the information storage is further improved for obtaining new theoretical results. Second, by using resultful integral inequalities and correlation analysis approaches, several relaxed criteria are established with respect to the asymptotical stability of the considered UDNNs. Third, the desired reliable memory feedback controller (RMFC) is achieved, which can ensure the system stability of UDNNs. Lastly, two numerical experiments are given to illustrate the significance of the theoretical results.
New Studies of Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Collagen-Induced and Collagen Antibody-Induced Arthritis Models: New Insight Involving Bacteria Flora
Authors: Hashida Ryoichi , Shimozuru Yasunori , Chang Jessica , Agosto-Marlin Ibis , Waritani Takaki , Terato Kuniaki
Published: March 2021

Much public research suggests that autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are induced by aberrant “self” immune responses attacking autologous tissues and organ components. However, recent studies have reported that autoimmune diseases may be triggered by dysbiotic composition changes of the intestinal bacteria and an imbalance between these bacteria and intestinal immune systems. However, there are a few solid concepts or methods to study the putative involvement and relationship of these inner environmental factors in RA pathogenesis. Fortunately, Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA) and Collagen Antibody-Induced Arthritis (CAIA) models have been widely used as animal models for studying the pathogenesis of RA. In addition to RA, these models can be extensively used as animal models for studying complicated hypotheses in many diseases. In this review, we introduce some basic information about the CIA and CAIA models as well as how to apply these models effectively to investigate relationships between the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, especially RA, and the dysbiosis of intestinal bacterial flora.
Cupping Therapy for Migraine: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Seo Jihye , Chu Hongmin , Kim Cheol-Hyun , Sung Kang-Keyng , Lee Sangkwan
Published: March 2021

Background. Migraine is a common reason for primary headache disorders. Cupping is a frequently used traditional intervention for controlling pain including migraine. There have been no systematic reviews on the clinical effects of cupping on migraine. Objective. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cupping therapy for migraine. The search strategy was built for the presence of related keywords, such as “migraine” and “cupping therapy”, in the title and abstract of research articles indexed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and other databases. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cupping therapy for migraine were searched and selected from inception to May 2019. We searched eight databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The selection process and the quality assessment were performed by 2 authors independently. The meta-analysis was conducted and qualitative analysis was also performed. Results. 218 studies were identified, and 6 RCTs were enrolled in this review. In comparison to drugs, wet cupping showed a higher total effective rate (TER). In the dry cupping plus acupuncture, the result of TER showed more effectiveness (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.12,

P
=
0.13

) compared with acupuncture alone, but there was no statistically significant difference. In qualitative analysis, the results showed wet cupping plus drugs treatment could quickly relieve pain and significantly improve patients’ quality of life and wet cupping could reduce headache pain. Conclusion. Cupping therapy could be effective for the treatment of migraine. However, the qualities of the evidence were low, so well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm the effectiveness of cupping. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration number is CRD42017054979.
A New Neurorehabilitative Postsurgery Intervention for Facial Palsy Based on Smile Observation and Hand-Mouth Motor Synergies
Authors: De Stefani Elisa , Barbot Anna , Bertolini Chiara , Belluardo Mauro , Garofalo Gioacchino , Bruno Nicola , Bianchi Bernardo , Ferri Andrea , Ferrari Pier Francesco
Published: March 2021

Objective. To perform a preliminary test of a new rehabilitation treatment (FIT-SAT), based on mirror mechanisms, for gracile muscles after smile surgery. Method. A pre- and postsurgery longitudinal design was adopted to study the efficacy of FIT-SAT. Four patients with bilateral facial nerve paralysis (Moebius syndrome) were included. They underwent two surgeries with free muscle transfers, one year apart from each other. The side of the face first operated on was rehabilitated with the traditional treatment, while the second side was rehabilitated with FIT-SAT. The FIT-SAT treatment includes video clips of an actor performing a unilateral or a bilateral smile to be imitated (FIT condition). In addition to this, while smiling, the participants close their hand in order to exploit the overlapped cortical motor representation of the hand and the mouth, which may facilitate the synergistic activity of the two effectors during the early phases of recruitment of the transplanted muscles (SAT). The treatment was also aimed at avoiding undesired movements such as teeth grinding. Discussion. Results support FIT-SAT as a viable alternative for smile rehabilitation after free muscle transfer. We propose that the treatment potentiates the effect of smile observation by activating the same neural structures responsible for the execution of the smile and therefore by facilitating its production. Closing of the hand induces cortical recruitment of hand motor neurons, recruiting the transplanted muscles, and reducing the risk of associating other unwanted movements such as teeth clenching to the smile movements.
Exploration of Sensory Processing Difficulties among Children Attending Primary School in Denmark
Authors: Nielsen Ann Natasja , Brandt Åse , la Cour Karen
Published: March 2021

Current research shows that children with sensory processing (SP) difficulties have limited participation and enjoyment in their daily activities at school. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of SP difficulties among Danish children and to explore possible associated factors. Since SP difficulties can affect children’s prerequisites for participation in school activities and learning possibilities, this study focused on primary school children. Method. The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. The sample consisted of 1723 children age 5 to 11 years, who were attending Danish public school (45.5% girls, 53.2% boys). The parents or caregivers of the child completed a Short Sensory Profile (SSP) questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire. One-way ANOVA was used to examine differences between girls and boys regarding sports, geographic area, and parental level of education. Chi-square analysis was used to explore the relationship between sex and SPP scores in the different behavioral sections. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate possible associations between SP difficulties and sex and the included demographics. Results. A total of 21.3% of the children had SSP scores suggesting SP difficulties. Boys had a higher probability of having SP difficulties than girls (

odds
 
ratio
 

OR

=
1.55

, confidence level (Cl): 1.22, 1.97). An association was found between participating in sports outside of school and SP difficulties (

OR
=
0.55

, Cl: 0.47, 0.65 (

p
≤
0.001

)). Additionally, a slight association between SP difficulties and parental education level (

OR
=
0.80

) was found. No association was found regarding geographic area, i.e., where in Denmark the children attended school (

OR
=
1.00

). Conclusion. The study results suggest that approximately 20% of the children in Danish public schools might have SP difficulties and over 20% might be at risk of having SP difficulties. The results suggest that Danish schools should focus on both identifying children with SP difficulties and implement interventions such as sensory integration through occupational therapy to help children with SP difficulties, in order to improve their ability to participate and learn from school activities.
Curvature- and Torsion-Based Consensus for the Markovian Switching Multiagent System with Communication of Noise Disturbance and Time Delay
Authors: Mou Jinping , Tong Dongbing , Shao Xianyi , Ge Huafeng , Lv Yiling
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the consensus problem for the distributed multiagent system (MAS), where the trajectory of each agent is displayed by curvature and torsion, and the communication behaviors among agents are influenced by time delay and corrupted by noises. According to the Frenet–Serret formulas, a class of consensus protocols is designed for all agents, and a closed-loop system is obtained. Based on the Lyapunov method, several consensus criteria are derived, where the consensus criteria are characterized by curvature functions and torsion functions. Finally, one example shows the reliability of the proposed methods.
Mass Screening Is Associated with Low Rates of Acute Kidney Injury among COVID-19 Patients in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Kam Wa , Hung Ivan Fan-Ngai , Tsang Owen Tak-Yin , Wu Tak Chiu , Tso Eugene Yuk-Keung , Lung Kwok Cheung , Lam Chung Man , Chan Gary Chi-Wang , Wong Sunny Sze-Ho , Yu Kam Yan , Chan Johnny Wai-Man , Tang Sydney Chi-Wai
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Renal involvement in COVID-19 is less well characterized in settings with vigilant public health surveillance, including mass screening and early hospitalization. We assessed kidney complications among COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong, including the association with risk factors, length of hospitalization, critical presentation, and mortality. Methods: Linked electronic records of all patients with confirmed COVID-19 from 5 major designated hospitals were extracted. Duplicated records due to interhospital transferal were removed. Primary outcome was the incidence of in-hospital acute kidney injury (AKI). Secondary outcomes were AKI-associated mortality, incident renal replacement therapy (RRT), intensive care admission, prolonged hospitalization and disease course (defined as >90th percentile of hospitalization duration [35 days] and duration from symptom onset to discharge [43 days], respectively), and change of estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Patients were further stratified into being symptomatic or asymptomatic. Results: Patients were characterized by young age (median: 38.4, IQR: 28.4–55.8 years) and short time (median: 5, IQR: 2–9 days) from symptom onset to admission. Among the 591 patients, 22 (3.72%) developed AKI and 4 (0.68%) required RRT. The median time from symptom onset to in-hospital AKI was 15 days. AKI increased the odds of prolonged hospitalization and disease course by 2.0- and 3.5-folds, respectively. Estimated GFR 24 weeks post-discharge reduced by 7.51 and 1.06 mL/min/1.73 m2 versus baseline (upon admission) in the AKI and non-AKI groups, respectively. The incidence of AKI was comparable between asymptomatic (4.8%, n = 3/62) and symptomatic (3.7%, n = 19/519) patients. Conclusion: The overall rate of AKI among COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong is low, which could be attributable to a vigilant screening program and early hospitalization. Among patients who developed in-hospital AKI, the duration of hospitalization is prolonged and kidney function impairment can persist for up to 6 months post-discharge. Mass surveillance for COVID-19 is warranted in identifying asymptomatic subjects for earlier AKI management.
Cardiogenic Shock Related to Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Bussienne Frédéric , Betello Marco
Published: March 2021

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the leading causes of death by poisoning in occidental countries. We report the presentation and management of a patient who developed a severe cardiac dysfunction, leading to profound cardiogenic shock after CO poisoning despite an initial low CO blood level.
Sex Differences of Kidney Stone Urine Risk Factors after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Prochaska Megan , Asplin John , Chapman Arlene , Worcester Elaine
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a bariatric surgical procedure that is associated with higher risk of kidney stones after surgery. We examined urine composition in 18 men and women before and after RYGB to examine differences in kidney stone risk. Methods: Three 24-h urine collections were performed before and 1 year after RYGB. We analyzed mean urinary values for pre- and post-RYGB collections and compared men and women. Results: Seven men and eleven women completed pre- and post-RYGB urine collections. Pre-RYGB, men had higher calcium oxalate supersaturation (CaOx SS) (7.0 vs. 5.0, p = 0.04) compared with women. Post-RYGB, women had higher urine CaOx SS (13.1 vs. 4.6, p = 0.002), calcium phosphate supersaturation (1.04 vs. 0.59, p = 0.05), and lower urine volumes (1.7 vs. 2.7L, p < 0.001) compared with men. Discussion/Conclusion: There are important differences in urine composition by sex that may contribute to higher kidney stone risk in women after RYGB compared with men.
Deficiency of MMP1a (Matrix Metalloprotease 1a) Collagenase Suppresses Development of Atherosclerosis in Mice
Authors: Fletcher Elizabeth K. , Wang Yanling , Flynn Laura K. , Turner Susan E. , Rade Jeffrey J. , Kimmelstiel Carey D. , Gurbel Paul A. , Bliden Kevin P. , Covic Lidija , Kuliopulos Athan
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Destruction of arterial collagen allows monocyte and macrophage infiltration leading to atherosclerotic plaque formation, but it is not clear what role the MMP1 (matrix metalloprotease 1) collagenase plays in this process in vivo. To define the specific contribution of MMP1 to atherosclerotic plaque burden and pathogenesis, we generated ApoE
−/−
mice deficient in the human MMP1 ortholog, MMP1a.

Approach and Results:

After 12 to 16 weeks of Western diet, genetic loss of MMP1a resulted in a significant 50% reduction in total aortic plaque burden compared with control ApoE
−/−
mice. MMP1a deficiency led to significant reductions in plaque monocytes/macrophages, SMCs (smooth muscle cells), and necrosis, with increases in collagen content. Collagen invasion of oxidized-LDL (low-density lipoprotein) activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MMP1a-deficient mice was markedly attenuated and was similar to suppressive effects with pharmacological inhibitors of MMP1 and its receptor, PAR1 (protease-activated receptor 1). Patients with coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome undergoing cardiac catheterization in the TRIP-PCI trial (Thrombin Receptor Inhibitory Pepducin-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) were evaluated for circulating levels of all 3 major secreted collagenases, MMP1, MMP8, and MMP13 and total number of coronary lesions with ≥50% stenosis (coronary artery disease burden). MMP1 was significantly (
P
<0.001) higher by 19-fold and 5.7-fold relative to MMP13 and MMP8, respectively. MMP1 correlated with stenotic coronary artery disease burden, TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) levels, and was co-expressed with PAR1 on monocytes. Treatment of patients with the PAR1 inhibitor, PZ-128, prevented a drop in monocytes following coronary catheterization, an acute protective effect that was reproduced in mice undergoing cardiac ischemia reperfusion.

Conclusions:

These data provide evidence for an important role for the MMP1a collagenase in atherosclerotic lesion development and leukocyte behavior and validate MMP1 as a compelling target in patients with coronary artery disease/acute coronary syndrome.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02561000.
Heme Oxygenase-1 in Macrophages Impairs the Perfusion Recovery After Hindlimb Ischemia by Suppressing Autolysosome-Dependent Degradation of NLRP3
Authors: Ma Yuankun , Jia Liangliang , Wang Yidong , Ji Yongli , Chen Jian , Ma Hong , Lin Xiaoping , Zhang Yuhao , Li Wudi , Ni Hui , Xie Lan , Xie Yao , Xiang Meixiang
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Macrophage-mediated inflammatory response is closely associated with the neovascularization process following hindlimb ischemia. We previously demonstrated that HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) in macrophages evoked proinflammatory reactions and tissue damage. Here, we evaluated the role played by macrophage-derived HO-1 and elucidated its underlying molecular mechanisms in perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia.

Approach and Results:

We found significant upregulation of HO-1 in mouse ischemic muscles after hindlimb ischemia surgery and with most of this expression occurring in infiltrated macrophages. Myeloid conditional HO-1-deficient mice exhibited higher perfusion recovery, evidenced by restored blood flow, motor function and attenuated tissue damage as well as increased capillary density in the gastrocnemius muscles after hindlimb ischemia, relative to littermate controls. This protective effect was accompanied by reduced NLRP3 (Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome activation in the infiltrated macrophages without the alteration of macrophage infiltration and polarization. Moreover, suppressing inflammasome activation with NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 improved blood flow and capillary density in wild-type mice compared with untreated mice. Mechanistically, suppressing HO-1 abolished TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α-induced NLRP3 protein rather than mRNA expression in bone marrow–derived macrophages, indicating that HO-1 mediated post-transcriptional regulation of NLRP3. Furthermore, HO-1 inhibition promoted autolysosome-dependent degradation of NLRP3 in bone marrow–derived macrophages. Matrigel tube formation assay revealed that HO-1 deletion abrogated the antiangiogenic effect of inflammasome-activated macrophages.

Conclusions:

Taken together, these findings indicate that macrophage HO-1 deficiency promotes perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia by accelerating autolysosomal degradation of NLRP3. The underlying mechanism of action is a potential target for therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic diseases.
Reducing Nontraumatic Lower-Extremity Amputations by 20% by 2030: Time to Get to Our Feet: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Creager Mark A. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Arya Shipra , Beckman Joshua A. , Duval Sue , Goodney Philip P. , Gutierrez J. Antonio T. , Kaufman John A. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Pollak Amy W. , Pradhan Aruna D. , Whitsel Laurie P. ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Advocacy Coordinating Committee
Published: March 2021

Nontraumatic lower-extremity amputation is a devastating complication of peripheral artery disease (PAD) with a high mortality and medical expenditure. There are ≈150 000 nontraumatic leg amputations every year in the United States, and most cases occur in patients with diabetes. Among patients with diabetes, after an ≈40% decline between 2000 and 2009, the amputation rate increased by 50% from 2009 to 2015. A number of evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PAD can reduce amputation risk. However, their implementation and adherence are suboptimal. Some racial/ethnic groups have an elevated risk of PAD but less access to high-quality vascular care, leading to increased rates of amputation. To stop, and indeed reverse, the increasing trends of amputation, actionable policies that will reduce the incidence of critical limb ischemia and enhance delivery of optimal care are needed. This statement describes the impact of amputation on patients and society, summarizes medical approaches to identify PAD and prevent its progression, and proposes policy solutions to prevent limb amputation. Among the actions recommended are improving public awareness of PAD and greater use of effective PAD management strategies (eg, smoking cessation, use of statins, and foot monitoring/care in patients with diabetes). To facilitate the implementation of these recommendations, we propose several regulatory/legislative and organizational/institutional policies such as adoption of quality measures for PAD care; affordable prevention, diagnosis, and management; regulation of tobacco products; clinical decision support for PAD care; professional education; and dedicated funding opportunities to support PAD research. If these recommendations and proposed policies are implemented, we should be able to achieve the goal of reducing the rate of nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations by 20% by 2030.
Task division in a facultative cooperative breeder bird: do males take out the trash?
Authors: Dias Raphael Igor , Goedert Debora
Published: March 2021

Cooperative animals share different activities during reproduction, but individuals of a social group may invest in these tasks in different proportions. Nest sanitation is an important task that may impact reproductive performance of birds, and yet, little is known about the relative participation of individuals of a social group, particularly in non-passerine species. Here, we describe nest sanitation behaviour and materials removed, and test the occurrence of task division regarding faecal sac removal in Campo flickers (Picidae), a facultative cooperative breeder with complex social system. We found that helpers removed proportionally more faecal sacs than breeders, and male helpers are mainly responsible for this activity. These results are different than the commonly reported patterns for passerines, where females are the main contributors. Different ecological conditions and benefits achieved by group members may influence their investment in nest sanitation, but additional studies on social species could greatly contribute to our understanding of how general our results are in non-passerine species.
Copidothrips octarticulatus recorded from Tahiti, with first description of the male and larvae (Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Panchaetothripinae)
Authors: GOLDARAZENA ARTURO , MICHEL BRUNO , JACQ FRED
Published: March 2021

Heliothrips (Parthenothrips) octarcticulatus was originally described by Schmutz (1913) from Sri Lanka. Subsequently, Hood (1954) described from Taiwan a new genus and species Copidothrips formosus, and then Stannard and Mitri (1962) described a further new genus and species, Mesostenothrips kraussi, from Kiribati and Gibert Islands. Bhatti (1967, 1990), recognized that only a single genus and species was involved amongst these names, established the resultant synonymies, and recorded the species octarcticulatus from various localities between the Seychelles and five different Pacific Island groups. It has also been recorded from Northern Australia, and Thailand (ThripsWiki 2021) as well as Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean (Mound 2019). Despite these records, there is little reliable information about host plants and biology apart from Piper myristicum on Pohnpei island (Micronesia), and also damage caused to the leaves of Aglaonema and Spathoglottis at Darwin in Australia (Mound & Tree 2020). In this note, we add a further interesting host record and describe the previously unknown male as well as the larvae of this species.
Klimaszewskityrus nom. nov., a new replacement name for Klimaszewskia Yin & Zhang, 2021
Authors: YIN ZI-WEI , ZHANG WEN-XUAN
Published: March 2021

The genus Klimaszewskia Yin & Zhang of the pselaphine tribe Tyrini was recently established to include a single species, viz., K. punctata Yin & Zhang, from Indonesia (Yin & Zhang 2021). However, the generic name was preoccupied by Klimaszewskia Szelegiewicz, 1979 (Hemiptera, Aphididae). In accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999: Article 60.3), a new replacement is here proposed.
Oiceoptoma tangi (Coleoptera: Silphidae: Silphinae), a new species of carrion beetle from eastern China
Authors: SOMMER DAVID , RŮŽIČKA JAN , NISHIKAWA MASAAKI , SCHNEIDER JAN
Published: March 2021

A new species, Oiceoptoma tangi Sommer, Růžička, Nishikawa & Schneider, new species, from Zhejiang Province, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is closely related to O. subrufum (Lewis, 1888), distributed in Central and North-eastern China, the Korean Peninsula, Far East of Russia and Japan, and to O. nigropunctatum (Lewis, 1888), endemic to Japan. All three species are keyed, and distribution maps of all three species are presented.
Two new annual fishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) unexpectedly discovered in the highlands of southern Brazil
Authors: LANÉS LUIS ESTEBAN KRAUSE , VOLCAN MATHEUS VIEIRA , MALTCHIK LEONARDO
Published: March 2021

Two new species of Austrolebias are described based on specimens collected from temporary pools located in natural grassland landscape within the Araucaria Forest domain at exceptionally high altitudes (~1000 meters a.s.l.). Austrolebias botocudo sp. n. and Austrolebias nubium sp. n. occur, respectively, in drainages of upper rio Apuaê-Inhandava (upper rio Uruguay basin) and upper rio Taquari-Antas (upper rio Jacuí, Laguna dos Patos basin), in the Meridional Plateau of southern Brazil. Despite an intensive survey conducted in the area, only two populations of each species were recorded. Both new species occurs at altitudes that are among the higher recorded for species of the genus, and both are assigned to the subgenus Acrolebias. The new species described herein are easily distinguished for its congeners by the colour pattern of males, by presence of melanophores irregularly distributed in different parts of the body, contact organs cover the body and anal fins, position of fins related with vertebrae, by preopercular and mandibular series of neuromasts united, by a series of morphometric features and by larger maximum standard length. Austrolebias botocudo and A. nubium are distinguished from each other by colour pattern of males, length of contact organs in the flank and number of contact organs in scales of lateral line, dorsal profile of head, number of neuromasts in the preopercular + mandibular series, body depth in females, and by basihyal cartilage length. Additionally, we discuss the conservation status of the new species, and provided an identification key for the species of the subgenus Acrolebias.
Description of four new species of phytoseiid mites belonging to the genus Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) De Leon from West Bengal
Authors: MOLLA MD. IFTIAR HOSSAIN , KAR ANAMIKA , BALA SUVASH CHANDRA , KARMAKAR KRISHNA
Published: March 2021

We report on a survey of phytoseiid mites associated with medicinal plants in West Bengal, India. Thirteen species were collected during the study, four of which are described as new species in the subgenus Typholodromus (Anthoseius) De Leon, 1959. The new species are Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) bulbosis Karmakar et al. sp. nov., Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) bengalensis Karmakar et al. sp. nov., Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) adhatoda Karmakar et al. sp. nov., and Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) sagaricus Karmakar et al. sp. nov.
Negotiating Power within School Structures
Authors: Narayanan Madhu
Published: March 2021

Schools are unique institutions where structural and cultural dynamics shape the actions of humans. Teachers work within structures of power to establish themselves as legitimate authority figures worthy of respect. This is complicated by the multi-faceted relationships of power existing everywhere in schools. In this study, I use a grounded theory approach to analyze the reflections and practice of public school teachers as they seek to establish positive classroom cultures and make an impact in their school communities. They navigated, accepted, and resisted shifting structures of power to find small spaces to carry out their own agendas.
Should Mistaken Consent Still Be Consent? In Defence of an Incremental Understanding of Consent in the Sexual Offences Act 2003
Authors: Glendinning Isabella
Published: March 2021

The article considers the recent case of R v Lawrance [2020] EWCA Crim 971 and the way in which the courts are deciding to interpret the concept of freedom under s. 74 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003. It is argued that the case shines a light upon the lacuna present in the Act with regards to deception and consent, identified by academics when the Act was promulgated. It is suggested that the definition of consent lacks clarity as courts have struggled in its application. The resulting ‘so closely connected’ test developed in the cases of R (on the application of Monica) v DPP [2018] EWHC 3508 (Admin); [2019] QB 1019 and R v Lawrance [2020] EWCA Crim 971 is not an adequate solution to the problem of deception and consent and potentially muddies the waters further. The article offers a potential solution that might better uphold the ambition of protecting sexual autonomy while adhering to the concept of fair-labelling.
Cannabis Growers in the United States: Findings From a National Household Survey 2010−2014
Authors: Azofeifa Alejandro , Pacula Rosalie L. , Mattson Margaret E.
Published: March 2021

Given the rapidly changing U.S. cannabis legislation landscape, the aim of this article is to describe individuals who self-reported growing cannabis in the past year by selected characteristics and geographical location. Using data from 2010 to 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we conducted bivariate chi-square tests and ran a multivariable logistic regression model to examine the indicators associated with growing cannabis. Approximately, 484,000 individuals aged 12+ self-reported growing cannabis in the past year (1.6% of marijuana users). Predictors of growing cannabis included being male and self-reported reporting using cannabis for a greater number of days. Data showed differences in the proportion of cannabis growers by the state of residence. Obtaining a baseline estimate of cannabis growing practices prior to recreational cannabis markets emerging (2014) is important because such practices may undermine efforts to discourage diversion to youth. Tracking these acquisition patterns will better inform content for public health messaging and prevention education, particularly those targeting youth.
A Look Back: Research meets practice, again and again, in Kappan
Authors: Preston Teresa
Published: March 2021

Kappan authors have spent the last century trying to connect research and practice, as Teresa Preston explains in this monthly column. As early as 1923, Kappan authors were pointing out that research into teaching and learning cannot be confined to laboratories but should take place in classrooms. In fact, teachers themselves could conduct small studies of what worked with their students. Authors have also urged researchers and practitioners alike to be realistic about what research can reveal and how widely research findings can be generalized. Building a strong connection between research and practice could help researchers design studies of interest to educators and could help educators understand how those studies apply to their classrooms and their students.
Fostering educational improvement with research-practice partnerships
Authors: Coburn Cynthia E. , Penuel William R. , Farrell Caitlin C.
Published: March 2021

Research-practice partnerships (RPPs) provide opportunities for researchers to support school districts in addressing the complex challenges they face. Cynthia E. Coburn, William R. Penuel, and Caitlin C. Farrell situate RPPs in the history of educational research and discuss the needs they were designed to address. They then describe what contemporary RPPs are and what they do and close by discussing ways that RPPs can contribute to educational improvement and transformation.
The interpersonal side of research-practice partnerships
Authors: Brown Stephanie , Allen Annie
Published: March 2021

In the past decade, research-practice partnerships (RPPs) have grown in number and reputation. Stephanie Brown and Annie Allen describe the varied ways partnerships facilitate more sustained and productive relationships between researchers and practitioners. They share key findings from a comparative case study of three different types of RPPs focused on mathematics instructional improvement conducted by the National Center for Research in Policy and Practice (NCRPP) and make recommendations for how partnerships can build more authentic bridges between research and practice.
Under the Law: Introducing educators to the law
Authors: Kim Robert
Published: March 2021

Educators must constantly make decisions that have legal consequences, but understanding what the law actually says can be a challenge. Robert Kim shares how educators can access and use legal materials to help them make decisions.
Simulation of multiwavelength conditions in laser picosecond ultrasonics
Authors: Babilotte Philippe
Published: March 2021

Complete numerical simulations are given under SciLab® and MATLAB® coding environments, concerning propagative acoustic wavefronts, for laser picosecond ultrasonics under multiwavelength conditions. Simulations of the deformation field and its propagation into bulk material are given under different wavelength configurations for optical pump and probe beams, which are used to generate and to detect the acoustic signal. Complete insights concerning the dynamics of the acoustic waves are given, considering the absence of carrier diffusions into the material. Several numerical approaches are proposed concerning both the functions introduced to simulate the wavefront ( Heaviside or error) and the coding approach (linear/vectorized/ Oriented Object Programming), under the pure thermo-elastic approach.
Policing gentrification or policing displacement? Testing the relationship between order maintenance policing and neighbourhood change in Los Angeles
Authors: Collins Charles R. , Stuart Forrest , Janulis Patrick
Published: March 2021

Urban scholars increasingly contend that local police departments play a central role in facilitating neighbourhood change. Recent critics warn that ‘order maintenance’ policing and other low-level law enforcement tactics are deployed in gentrifying areas to displace ‘disorderly’ populations. Despite influential qualitative case studies, there remains scant quantitative research testing this relationship, and few studies that evaluate the link between policing, displacement and gentrification. We address this lacuna, drawing on new citation data from the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) and employing a measure of neighbourhood change that focuses on the displacement of low-income residents. Examining policing patterns in 978 US Census tracts in Los Angeles over four years, our analysis reveals that tracts experiencing gentrification – defined as the simultaneous increase in non-poor residents and decrease in the number of people in poverty – experience a greater number of citations compared with other tract types. Similar patterns emerge in our analysis of citations that explicitly target homelessness and extreme poverty. In post-hoc analyses, we found that Census tracts characterised by a decrease in the number of people in poverty experienced greater numbers of total police citations and of citations targeting homeless individuals, compared with other tract types. These findings carry important theoretical implications for understanding the divergent manifestations of, and potential mechanisms driving, order maintenance policing. Methodologically, we contend that police citations provide a more precise measure of order maintenance policing compared with previous studies, and that classifying neighbourhoods in terms of relative displacement of residents in poverty provides much-needed interpretive clarity.
Synthetic Intensification Devices in Old English
Authors: Méndez-Naya Belén
Published: March 2021

Even though degree adverbs (e.g., swiþe) represent the most common intensification strategy in Old English, morphological devices are also very frequent, as expected in a predominantly synthetic language. This article studies synthetic intensification strategies in Old English with a focus on degree modification of adjectives and adverbs by means of spatial formatives (e.g., þurh- in þurhbitter ‘very bitter’ and for- in foreaþe ‘very easily’), paying attention both to the features of the intensifying formative and to the characteristics of the intensified base. Using the cognitive construct of the “Image Schema,” I show that the original spatial meaning of the formatives can help explain their combinatorial preferences in terms of boundedness. Of all the items studied, for- stands out as the most grammaticalized Old English spatial intensifying formative: it is semantically opaque, is very productive with both adjectives and adverbs, and has a very wide collocational profile.
Ethical Leadership and Ethical Voice: The Mediating Mechanisms of Value Internalization and Integrity Identity
Authors: Zheng Yuyan , Epitropaki Olga , Graham Les , Caveney Nick
Published: March 2021

Drawing upon self-concept and social-information processing perspectives, we theorize and test a model linking ethical leadership with ethical voice via ethical value internalization and integrity identity. In two field studies ( N = 972 and N = 765, respectively) of police officers and staff in the United Kingdom and an online three-wave study ( N = 448), we investigate the mediating role of ethical value internalization and integrity identity in the relationship between ethical leadership and ethical voice. Study 1 uses time-lagged data and demonstrates ethical leadership to be positively related to followers’ ethical value internalization, which in turn enhances their integrity identity and ethical voice. The serial mediation effect of the relationship between ethical leadership and ethical voice via employees’ ethical value internalization and integrity identity is also significant. Further support for our hypotheses is provided using multisource data (Study 2) and a three-wave cross-lagged design (Study 3). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
“Why attacking the Bureau of Industry and Commerce?”: news value flow to news comments on Chinese social media
Authors: He Juan
Published: March 2021

Comments on social media provide a suitable site to view text-reader relations from the perspective of news reading. This article interrogates readers’ evaluative responses to Weibo shared news in China. The study, drawing upon Discursive News Values Analysis and appraisal, first identifies the news values of Eliteness, Personalization, Negativity and Positivity in a news story about car quality sourced from the Weibo network of People’s Daily. Then the following 1027 comments, including Chinese characters and emojis, are investigated by using a mixed-methods approach. The corpus analysis shows that business Eliteness (the Mercedes dealership) and Personalization (the buyer) are convergently valued news actors, while readers evaluate authoritative Eliteness (the Bureau) in an unexpected way. Close examination of the appraisal devices in the comments uncovers a divergence between negative judgment toward Eliteness and positive affect/judgment for Personalization. Emojis play an important role in activating attitudes through the interplay with language. In commentary journalism, the readers’ response can influence news value decisions when there is a mismatch between the news values promoted by news organizations and the values that readers perceive as newsworthy.
A novel focal-loss and class-weight-aware convolutional neural network for the classification of in-text citations
Authors: Aljohani Naif Radi , Fayoumi Ayman , Hassan Saeed-Ul
Published: March 2021

We argue that citations, as they have different reasons and functions, should not all be treated in the same way. Using the large, annotated dataset of about 10K citation contexts annotated by human experts, extracted from the Association for Computational Linguistics repository, we present a deep learning–based citation context classification architecture. Unlike all existing state-of-the-art feature-based citation classification models, our proposed convolutional neural network (CNN) with fastText-based pre-trained embedding vectors uses only the citation context as its input to outperform them in both binary- (important and non-important) and multi-class (Use, Extends, CompareOrContrast, Motivation, Background, Other) citation classification tasks. Furthermore, we propose using focal-loss and class-weight functions in the CNN model to overcome the inherited class imbalance issues in citation classification datasets. We show that using the focal-loss function with CNN adds a factor of [Formula: see text] to the cross-entropy function. Our model improves on the baseline results by achieving an encouraging 90.6 F1 score with 90.7% accuracy and a 72.3 F1 score with a 72.1% accuracy score, respectively, for binary- and multi-class citation classification tasks.
Food poverty and youth work – A community response
Authors: Ord Jon , Monks Annie
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the findings of a small-scale study investigating the impact of food poverty on youth work in community based open access settings. It documents the growing impact of food poverty on the role of youth work in deprived communities and explores the role youth workers play in addressing it. Firstly this ‘community response’ addresses the issue of food poverty in localities where it arises. However, it not only meets basic needs, but it also helps build social capital by enacting important social relationships associated with food by ‘eating together’. Such responses also have the potential to combat stigma and abjection through the creation of critical consciousness and political education. The research also highlights the need for greater coordination of this response and for youth centres to be less isolated from other services. Finally, the legacy of food policy within youth work is highlighted, previously dominated by a focus on healthy eating since Every Child Matters (2003). Post austerity, for many communities the concern is simply ‘eating’!
Ghanaian academic libraries’ use of social media: A structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Mensah Monica , Onyancha Omwoyo Bosire
Published: March 2021

The study was largely quantitative and employed the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) as its theoretical lens. The target population was 31,157 consisting of library staff and library patrons from four academic libraries in Ghana. Sampling tables and census sampling techniques were used to select a sample size of 767 respondents. Adopting a cross-sectional survey design, the study used a pre-tested questionnaire to collect data from the sampled respondents. Statistical analyses were carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The structural equation modelling technique was further used to estimate the relationships and correlations between the theoretical constructs from the UTAUT to understand behavioural intentions and use behaviour of social media in the academic libraries. The study found that performance expectancy, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions have significant influence on the intention to use and subsequent use of social media in academic libraries in Ghana.
Empathetic Concern in Emerging Adolescents: The Role of Theory of Mind and Gender Roles
Authors: Andrews Katherine , Lariccia Liliana , Talwar Victoria , Bosacki Sandra
Published: March 2021

The current study examined the roles of gender, and gender-role orientation in young adolescents’ empathetic concern. In addition, this study aimed to explore the contribution of Theory of Mind in participants’ empathetic concern. Finally, this study examined whether gender and gender-role orientation were implicated in emerging adolescents’ Theory of Mind understanding. One-hundred-fifty 11- to 12-year-olds (79 self-identified females) completed questionnaires measuring their empathetic concern, Theory of Mind, and their perceived gender-role orientation. Results showed that gender-role orientation, specifically, femininity and masculinity predicted empathetic concern above and beyond gender. In addition, the effects of cognitive and affective Theory of Mind are explored and discussed in relation to empathetic concern. Finally, neither gender nor gender-role orientation was found to contribute to participants’ Theory of Mind understanding. These findings suggest that emerging adolescents’ perceived gender roles, as well as their ability to consider another’s beliefs, play a role in their expression of empathetic concern.