bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microwave Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton-Based Sensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Liquid Analyte Dielectric Constant
Authors: Podunavac Ivana , Radonic Vasa , Bengin Vesna , Jankovic Nikolina
Published: August 2021

In this paper, a microwave microfluidic sensor based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) was proposed for ultrasensitive detection of dielectric constant. A novel unit cell for the SSPP structure is proposed and its behaviour and sensing potential analysed in detail. Based on the proposed cell, the SSPP microwave structure with a microfluidic reservoir is designed as a multilayer configuration to serve as a sensing platform for liquid analytes. The sensor is realized using a combination of rapid, cost-effective technologies of xurography, laser micromachining, and cold lamination bonding, and its potential is validated in the experiments with edible oil samples. The results demonstrate high sensitivity (850 MHz/epsilon unit) and excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9802) of the sensor, which, together with its low-cost and simple fabrication, make the proposed sensor an excellent candidate for the detection of small changes in the dielectric constant of edible oils and other liquid analytes.
Controlling a Mouse Pointer with a Single-Channel EEG Sensor
Authors: Molina-Cantero Alberto J. , Castro-García Juan A. , Gómez-Bravo Fernando , López-Ahumada Rafael , Jiménez-Naharro Raúl , Berrazueta-Alvarado Santiago
Published: August 2021

(1) Goals: The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility of using the information obtained from a one-channel electro-encephalography (EEG) signal to control a mouse pointer. We used a low-cost headset, with one dry sensor placed at the FP1 position, to steer a mouse pointer and make selections through a combination of the user’s attention level with the detection of voluntary blinks. There are two types of cursor movements: spinning and linear displacement. A sequence of blinks allows for switching between these movement types, while the attention level modulates the cursor’s speed. The influence of the attention level on performance was studied. Additionally, Fitts’ model and the evolution of the emotional states of participants, among other trajectory indicators, were analyzed. (2) Methods: Twenty participants distributed into two groups (Attention and No-Attention) performed three runs, on different days, in which 40 targets had to be reached and selected. Target positions and distances from the cursor’s initial position were chosen, providing eight different indices of difficulty (IDs). A self-assessment manikin (SAM) test and a final survey provided information about the system’s usability and the emotions of participants during the experiment. (3) Results: The performance was similar to some brain–computer interface (BCI) solutions found in the literature, with an averaged information transfer rate (ITR) of 7 bits/min. Concerning the cursor navigation, some trajectory indicators showed our proposed approach to be as good as common pointing devices, such as joysticks, trackballs, and so on. Only one of the 20 participants reported difficulty in managing the cursor and, according to the tests, most of them assessed the experience positively. Movement times and hit rates were significantly better for participants belonging to the attention group. (4) Conclusions: The proposed approach is a feasible low-cost solution to manage a mouse pointer.
Precise Segmentation of COVID-19 Infected Lung from CT Images Based on Adaptive First-Order Appearance Model with Morphological/Anatomical Constraints
Authors: Sharafeldeen Ahmed , Elsharkawy Mohamed , Alghamdi Norah Saleh , Soliman Ahmed , El-Baz Ayman
Published: August 2021

A new segmentation technique is introduced for delineating the lung region in 3D computed tomography (CT) images. To accurately model the distribution of Hounsfield scale values within both chest and lung regions, a new probabilistic model is developed that depends on a linear combination of Gaussian (LCG). Moreover, we modified the conventional expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to be run in a sequential way to estimate both the dominant Gaussian components (one for the lung region and one for the chest region) and the subdominant Gaussian components, which are used to refine the final estimated joint density. To estimate the marginal density from the mixed density, a modified k-means clustering approach is employed to classify the Gaussian subdominant components to determine which components belong properly to a lung and which components belong to a chest. The initial segmentation, based on the LCG-model, is then refined by the imposition of 3D morphological constraints based on a 3D Markov–Gibbs random field (MGRF) with analytically estimated potentials. The proposed approach was tested on CT data from 32 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Segmentation quality was quantitatively evaluated using four metrics: Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), overlap coefficient, 95th-percentile bidirectional Hausdorff distance (BHD), and absolute lung volume difference (ALVD), and it achieved 95.67±1.83%, 91.76±3.29%, 4.86±5.01, and 2.93±2.39, respectively. The reported results showed the capability of the proposed approach to accurately segment healthy lung tissues in addition to pathological lung tissues caused by COVID-19, outperforming four current, state-of-the-art deep learning-based lung segmentation approaches.
MAS: Standalone Microwave Resonator to Assess Muscle Quality
Authors: Mattsson Viktor , Ackermans Leanne L. G. C. , Mandal Bappaditya , Perez Mauricio D. , Vesseur Maud A. M. , Meaney Paul , Ten Bosch Jan A. , Blokhuis Taco J. , Augustine Robin
Published: August 2021

Microwave-based sensing for tissue analysis is recently gaining interest due to advantages such as non-ionizing radiation and non-invasiveness. We have developed a set of transmission sensors for microwave-based real-time sensing to quantify muscle mass and quality. In connection, we verified the sensors by 3D simulations, tested them in a laboratory on a homogeneous three-layer tissue model, and collected pilot clinical data in 20 patients and 25 healthy volunteers. This report focuses on initial sensor designs for the Muscle Analyzer System (MAS), their simulation, laboratory trials and clinical trials followed by developing three new sensors and their performance comparison. In the clinical studies, correlation studies were done to compare MAS performance with other clinical standards, specifically the skeletal muscle index, for muscle mass quantification. The results showed limited signal penetration depth for the Split Ring Resonator (SRR) sensor. New sensors were designed incorporating Substrate Integrated Waveguides (SIW) and a bandstop filter to overcome this problem. The sensors were validated through 3D simulations in which they showed increased penetration depth through tissue when compared to the SRR. The second-generation sensors offer higher penetration depth which will improve clinical data collection and validation. The bandstop filter is fabricated and studied in a group of volunteers, showing more reliable data that warrants further continuation of this development.
RAVA: Region-Based Average Video Quality Assessment
Authors: Wu Xuanyi , Cheng Irene , Zhou Zhenkun , Basu Anup
Published: August 2021

Video has become the most popular medium of communication over the past decade, with nearly 90 percent of the bandwidth on the Internet being used for video transmission. Thus, evaluating the quality of an acquired or compressed video has become increasingly important. The goal of video quality assessment (VQA) is to measure the quality of a video clip as perceived by a human observer. Since manually rating every video clip to evaluate quality is infeasible, researchers have attempted to develop various quantitative metrics that estimate the perceptual quality of video. In this paper, we propose a new region-based average video quality assessment (RAVA) technique extending image quality assessment (IQA) metrics. In our experiments, we extend two full-reference (FR) image quality metrics to measure the feasibility of the proposed RAVA technique. Results on three different datasets show that our RAVA method is practical in predicting objective video scores.
Surface Roughness Effects on Self-Interacting and Mutually Interacting Rayleigh Waves
Authors: Bakre Chaitanya , Lissenden Cliff J.
Published: August 2021

Rayleigh waves are very useful for ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of structural and mechanical components. Nonlinear Rayleigh waves have unique sensitivity to the early stages of material degradation because material nonlinearity causes distortion of the waveforms. The self-interaction of a sinusoidal waveform causes second harmonic generation, while the mutual interaction of waves creates disturbances at the sum and difference frequencies that can potentially be detected with minimal interaction with the nonlinearities in the sensing system. While the effect of surface roughness on attenuation and dispersion is well documented, its effects on the nonlinear aspects of Rayleigh wave propagation have not been investigated. Therefore, Rayleigh waves are sent along aluminum surfaces having small, but different, surface roughness values. The relative nonlinearity parameter increased significantly with surface roughness (average asperity heights 0.027–3.992 μm and Rayleigh wavelengths 0.29–1.9 mm). The relative nonlinearity parameter should be decreased by the presence of attenuation, but here it actually increased with roughness (which increases the attenuation). Thus, an attenuation-based correction was unsuccessful. Since the distortion from material nonlinearity and surface roughness occur over the same surface, it is necessary to make material nonlinearity measurements over surfaces having the same roughness or in the future develop a quantitative understanding of the roughness effect on wave distortion.
Misinformation vs. Situational Awareness: The Art of Deception and the Need for Cross-Domain Detection
Authors: Xarhoulacos Constantinos-Giovanni , Anagnostopoulou Argiro , Stergiopoulos George , Gritzalis Dimitris
Published: August 2021

The world has been afflicted by the rise of misinformation. The sheer volume of news produced daily necessitates the development of automated methods for separating fact from fiction. To tackle this issue, the computer science community has produced a plethora of approaches, documented in a number of surveys. However, these surveys primarily rely on one-dimensional solutions, i.e., deception detection approaches that focus on a specific aspect of misinformation, such as a particular topic, language, or source. Misinformation is considered a major obstacle for situational awareness, including cyber, both from a company and a societal point of view. This paper explores the evolving field of misinformation detection and analytics on information published in news articles, with an emphasis on methodologies that handle multiple dimensions of the fake news detection conundrum. We analyze and compare existing research on cross-dimensional methodologies. Our evaluation process is based on a set of criteria, including a predefined set of performance metrics, data pre-processing features, and domains of implementation. Furthermore, we assess the adaptability of each methodology in detecting misinformation in real-world news and thoroughly analyze our findings. Specifically, survey insights demonstrate that when a detection approach focuses on several dimensions (e.g., languages and topics, languages and sources, etc.), its performance improves, and it becomes more flexible in detecting false information across different contexts. Finally, we propose a set of research directions that could aid in furthering the development of more advanced and accurate models in this field.
Strategies for Building Environmental Transparency and Accountability
Authors: Wong Christina W. Y. , Wong Chee Yew , Boon-itt Sakun , Tang Ailie K. Y.
Published: August 2021

How do nature-inspired enterprises be accountable to the natural environment formed? Natural environment is one of the basic elements of the business. Firms should be sensitive to environment, so they should develop environmental transparency and accountability. This paper develops a framework to understand how environmental transparency and stakeholder governance create environmental accountability, following an “action cycle” informed by four accountability criteria—identifiability, awareness of monitoring, expectations of evaluation, and social pressure. The paper analyzes the environmental transparency practices of 50 companies listed in the annual Best Global Green Brands report, the Global RepTrak 100, and The Climate A-List of the CDP (formerly the Carbon Disclosure Project). The results show that exemplar firms improve the “what”, “how”, and “how much” factors in terms of environmental information to identify what will be disseminated to whom when the information follows the criteria of accountability, which allow stakeholders to effectively adopt a governance role. This paper provides a 2 × 2 matrix for firms and stakeholders to better understand how accountability leadership is driven by environmental transparency, stakeholder governance and accountability criteria. The practical implications of environmental transparency are highlighted, specifically in terms of strategies for building accountability to meet the growing expectations of transparency and accountability.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Specific Lymphocyte Response after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Predicts Humoral Immunity after Vaccination
Authors: Harrison Nicole , Grabmeier-Pfistershammer Katharina , Graf Alexandra , Trapin Doris , Tauber Peter , Aberle Judith H. , Stiasny Karin , Schmidt Ralf , Greinix Hildegard , Rabitsch Werner , Ramharter Michael , Burgmann Heinz , Pickl Winfried F. , Bahrs Christina
Published: August 2021

The aim of this prospective study was to assess lymphocyte proliferative and cytokine response prior to and following tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) immunization among patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Seventeen adult patients 11–13 months after HSCT and eight unvaccinated healthy adults received up to three TBE vaccinations. Following in vitro stimulation with TBE-antigen, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion (IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, GM-CSF) were analyzed by thymidine incorporation assay and the Luminex system. Ten patients (59%) showed significant baseline TBE-specific lymphocyte proliferation (stimulation index (SI) > 3) prior to vaccination, but none of the unvaccinated controls (p = 0.002). All patients with a TBE-specific antibody response after two vaccinations (at least 2-fold increase of neutralization test titers) exhibited a strong TBE-specific lymphocyte proliferative response at baseline (SI > 10). Patients with sibling donors had a significantly stronger baseline TBE-specific lymphocyte proliferative and IL-13 cytokine response than patients with unrelated donors (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a relevant proportion of patients showed TBE-specific lymphocyte proliferative and cytokine responses prior to vaccination after HSCT, which predicted the humoral response to the vaccine. Patients with vaccinated sibling donors were more likely to elicit a cellular immune response than patients with unrelated donors of unknown vaccination status.
Humanitarian discourse in the period of the pandemic
Authors: Drobizheva-Razumovskaya L.I. , Lisenkova A.A. , Pismanik M.G.
Published: August 2021

The next All-Russian Scientific and Practical conference, held by the Perm Institute of Culture in November 2020, considered a set of socio-cultural problems that arose during the pandemic, and presented advice and recommendations on the optimal solution of these problems to the higher authorities.
Implementation of the results of research work in the educational process
Authors: Kostina Anna Vladimirovna
Published: August 2021

One of the most important tasks of higher education is to transform the research potential of higher educational institutions into a factor of economic development of Russia. According to the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Education and qualification requirements of the Unified Qualification Directory of positions of managers, specialists and civil servants, the organization, management, participation, and conduct of research work is one of the job responsibilities of lecturers, associate professors, and professors of the department, especially workers of science. Meanwhile, the results of research activities should be implemented in the educational process - only then the process of creating new knowledge and the process of its assimilation will be well-balanced, and the cycle of updating knowledge itself will be shorter. The article examines the experience of the Moscow University for the Humanities in the organization of work related to the implementation of the results of research activities in the educational process. Research work is considered in the article as a scientific activity that includes the formulation of a research task, scientific search, collection and analysis of information, its systematization, conducting research and experiments, identifying patterns that manifest themselves in nature and society, scientific generalizations, determination and justification of the scope of implementation of the obtained results. The final result of scientific activity should have practical significance and novelty. The article considers the experience of the Moscow University for the Humanities in terms of integrating research work into the educational process.
Information and psychological security in the development of computer literacy in the elderly
Authors: Berestok Tatyana Borisovna
Published: August 2021

This article deals with the issue of self-preservation of elderly people when learning to work on a computer from the point of view of information and psychological security. The necessity of solving new socio-psychological problems is indicated: to develop the ability to give a correct assessment of a specific information threat, to prevent the negative impact of the information environment, to resist negative factors, and to contribute to improving the quality of life. The purpose of counseling elderly people is to develop their ability to understand the problem of the negative impact of the information environment on psychological and physiological health, to be able to apply methods to ensure information and psychological security. Consulting and educational work with the elderly and employees of social institutions engaged in professional activities directly related to the above category should be aimed at preventing cases of fraudulent activities. Consulting work with them should not only meet the general principles of building psychological contact, but also cause an understanding of the importance of compliance with security in the digital sphere. Elderly people develop the ability to assess correctly a specific information threat and prevent the negative impact of the information environment by providing adequate resistance to negative factors and contributing to improving their quality of life. It is increasingly difficult for older people to navigate threats, unmotivated anxiety increases, depressiveness appears and becomes fixed, and asocial personality traits are formed. At the present time, it is necessary to consider the formation of information and computer literacy as a mechanism to counteract the negative impact of the information environment and a necessary condition for developing an effective strategy for the social adaptation of elderly people.
Imprescriptibilidad y retroactividad de los Derechos y Garantías Constitucionales en la Constitución boliviana
Authors: Abastoflor Dupleich Flavio
Published: August 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo general proponer el diseño y la incorporación de un parágrafo quinto en el artículo 13 Título II, de la Constitución Política del Estado que establezca la imprescriptibilidad de vulneraciones a derechos y garantías constitucionales, así como la retroactividad. Su metodología fue de tipo observacional, descriptivo, corte transversal, con un enfoque mixto. Se utilizaron los métodos, históricológico, comparativo, modelación y causal. La encuesta se utilizó como técnica y el cuestionario como instrumento para la recolección de datos. Usando el método Delphy para la validación del instrumento. La población en estudio estuvo conformada por 570 profesionales afiliados al Colegio Departamental de Abogados, mientras que la muestra fue de 137 profesionales. Se obtuvo como resultado que aún se vulnera y violan los derechos constitucionales en Bolivia, por lo que con la implementación de barreras constitucionales claras y de manera taxativa no existirá interpretaciones erróneas o de conveniencia.
Adaptive Optimization for Optimal Mobile Sink Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Aravind Arikrishnaperumal , Chakravarthi Rekha
Published: August 2021

In recent years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) with mobile sinks has attracted much attention as the mobile sink roams over the sensing field and collects sensing data from sensor nodes. Mobile sinks are mounted on moving objects, such as people, vehicles, robots, and so on. However, optimal placement of the sink for the effective management of the WSN is the major challenge. Hence, an adaptive Fractional Rider Optimization Algorithm (adaptive-FROA) is developed for the optimal placement of mobile sink in WSN environment for effective routing. The adaptive FROA, which is the integration of the adaptive concept in the FROA, operates based on the fitness measure based on distance, delay, and energy measure of the nodes in the network. The main objective of the research work is to compute the energy and distance. The proposed method is analyzed based on the metrics, such as energy, throughput, distance, and lifetime of the network. The simulation results reveal that the proposed method acquired a minimal distance of 24.87m, maximal network energy of 94.54 J, maximal alive nodes of 77, maximal throughput of 94.42 bps, minimum delay of 0.00918s, and maximum Packet delivery ratio (PDR) of 87.98%, when compared with the existing methods.
Classification of Legislations using Deep Learning
Authors: Pudaruth Sameerchand , Soyjaudah Sunjiv , Gunputh Rajendra
Published: August 2021

Laws are often developed in a piecemeal approach and many provisions of similar nature are often found in different legislations. Therefore, there is a need to classify legislations into various legal topics to help legal professionals in their daily activities. In this study, we have experimented with various deep learning architectures for the automatic classification of 490 legislations from the Republic of Mauritius into 30 categories. Our results demonstrate that a Deep Neural Network (DNN) with three hidden layers delivered the best performance compared with other architectures such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). A mean classification accuracy of 60.9% was achieved using DNN, 56.5% for CNN and 33.7% for Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Comparisons were also made with traditional machine learning classifiers such as support vector machines and decision trees and it was found that the performance of DNN was superior, by at least 10%, in all runs. Both general pre-trained word embeddings such as Word2vec and domain-specific word embeddings such as Law2vec were used in combination with the above deep learning architectures but Word2vec had the best performance. To our knowledge, this is the first application of deep learning in the categorisation of legislations.
Headnote Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mahar Sarmad , Zafar Sahar , Nishat Kamran
Published: August 2021

Headnotes are the precise explanation and summary of legal points in an issued judgment. Law journals hire experienced lawyers to write these headnotes. These headnotes help the reader quickly determine the issue discussed in the case. Headnotes comprise two parts. The first part comprises the topic discussed in the judgment, and the second part contains a summary of that judgment. In this thesis, we design, develop and evaluate headnote prediction using machine learning, without involving human involvement. We divided this task into a two steps process. In the first step, we predict law points used in the judgment by using text classification algorithms. The second step generates a summary of the judgment using text summarization techniques. To achieve this task, we created a Databank by extracting data from different law sources in Pakistan. We labelled training data generated based on Pakistan law websites. We tested different feature extraction methods on judiciary data to improve our system. Using these feature extraction methods, we developed a dictionary of terminology for ease of reference and utility. Our approach achieves 65% accuracy by using Linear Support Vector Classification with tri-gram and without stemmer. Using active learning our system can continuously improve the accuracy with the increased labelled examples provided by the users of the system.
Kazak Türkçesinde Sıfat-Fiillerin Zaman Değerleri Üzerine
Authors: YAVUZ Esra
Published: August 2021

Göreceli bir kavram olan zaman, felsefeden başlamak üzere felsefe temelinde doğmuş bütün bilim dalları için araştırma sahası hâline gelmiştir. Zaman, dil açısından incelendiğinde gerçek zaman ve fiil zamanı olmak üzere iki grupta incelenmektedir. Fiillerin çekim ekleri vasıtasıyla geçmiş, gelecek, şimdiki vb. zaman karşılıkları olduğu gibi sıfat-fiil eklerinin de zaman değerleri vardır. Bu zaman değerleri ekin ihtiva ettiği zaman değerlerinin dışında işlevsel ve anlamsal açıdan incelendiğinde farklı zaman değerlerini de ifade edebildiği bilinmektedir. Çalışmada, Kazak edebî metinlerinden hareketle sıfat-fiil eklerinin hangi zaman değerlerini karşıladığı işlevsel-anlamsal açıdan incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.Kazak gramerlerinde tespit edilen sınıflandırmalardan farklı olarak çalışmada, sıfat-fiillerin zaman değerleri işlevsel-anlamsal açıdan ele alınmıştır. Sıfat-fiiller incelenirken bir sıfat-fiil ekinin birden fazla zamana gönderme yaptığı da göz önünde bulundurularak her sıfat-fiil ekinin altında hangi zaman değerine sahip olduğu örneklerle ortaya koyulmuştur. Ayrıca, çalışmada sıfat-fiil eklerinin zamanla kalıplaşarak isim ve sıfat türetme işlevi kazanması nedeniyle örneklerde geçen fiil + sıfat-fiil yapısının sözlüklerde madde başı olarak yer alıp almamasına da özellikle dikkat edilmiştir. Böylece çalışma için sıfat-fiil eklerinin kalıplaşmadığı, yani temel işlevini kaybetmediği örnekler seçilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Süheyl ü Nev-bahār’da ḳocın- yacan- Birleşiği Üzerine
Authors: AYDIN Ecem , TAŞ İbrahim
Published: August 2021

Süheyl ü Nev-bahār, Mes¤ūd tarafından 1350 yılında kaleme alınmış, Anadolu’da gelişen Türk edebiyatının ilk beşerî aşk konulu mesnevisidir. Süheyl ü Nev-bahār, kendisinden sonra telif edilen mesnevilere öncülük etmesinin yanında, dönemin bütün dil hususiyetlerini taşıması açısından da kıymetli bir eserdir. Mes¤ūd’un, dönemin dil özelliklerine uygun olarak duru bir dil kullanmasının yanında, yer yer, henüz yazı diline girmemiş arkaik izler taşıyan ağız sözcüklerini tercih etmesi, eserin kıymetini bir kat daha artırmaktadır. Söz konusu eser, sadece arkaik ağız sözcüklerinin değil, Türkçede kelime teşekkülünün önemli bir yöntemi olan ‘birleştirme’nin de kayda değer örneklerini sunmaktadır. Bu makalede, eserde tek veride geçen ancak başka metinlerde tespit edilmemiş böyle bir birleştirme örneği olan ḳocın- yacan- sıralama birleşiğini filolojik ve semantik yönden ele almaya çalışacağız. Bunu yaparken önce birleşiği oluşturan sözcükler, birbirinden bağımsız, tarihsel olarak ve metin bağlamında filolojik ve semantik açıdan irdelenmiş ve her birinin semantik kategorileri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Sonrasında da Süheyl ü Nev-bahār’da tek veride geçen birleşik aynı yolla değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur.
ATIVIDADE ANTIANGIOGÊNICA DE DEGUELIA DUCKEANA A.M.G. AZEVEDO: 3,5,4’-TRIMETOXIESTILBENO E 4-METOXILONCHOCARPINA
Authors: Leite Laura Corrêa Cavalcante , Bücker Nádia Cristina Falcão , Nunez Cecilia Veronica
Published: August 2021

Verifica-se na literatura que muitas substâncias fenólicas isoladas de espécies de Deguelia, como os isoflavonoides e chalconas, apresentaram resultados positivos para diversos ensaios de potencial antitumoral, principalmente citotoxicidade para linhagens tumorais humanas. A espécie Deguelia duckeana A.M.G. Azevedo, entretanto, apresenta poucos estudos fitoquímicos e biológicos de potencial antitumoral. Para a realização de ensaios antitumorais, o cultivo de células é uma etapa dispendiosa. Uma alternativa pouco explorada são ensaios in vitro de inibição da angiogênese, ou seja, inibição da formação de novos vasos sanguíneos que promoveriam o crescimento de tumores. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antiangiogênica das substâncias fenólicas de D. duckeana utilizando o método de análise da vascularização da membrana córioalantóica de embriões de galinha. Sob incubação em chocadeira e por orifícios na casca dos ovos, foram implantados sobre os vasos sanguíneos, no terço externo da membrana corioalantóica, discos de metilcelulose (1,5%) embebidos com 10 µL dos extratos nas concentrações de 1000 mg/mL, 500 mg/mL e 100 mg/mL diluídos com álcool etílico. O orifício foi fechado com uma fita, seguindo a incubação por mais 48 h, para se efetuar a contagem de vasos sanguíneos que interceptam o disco e vasos presentes na vizinhança em uma área de 0,9 cm2. Os resultados foram expressos como percentual de vasos ± desvio-padrão. Os extratos hexânicos, principalmente das raízes, obtiveram as maiores atividades antiangiogênicas. O fracionamento do extrato hexânico das raízes levou ao isolamento e caracterização de três substâncias fenólicas, das quais duas (3,5,4’-trimetoxiestilbeno e 4-metoxilonchocarpina) são potenciais agentes antiangiogênicos já descritos na literatura, corroborando para a necessidade de prospecção de outras substâncias destes extratos hexânicos que possam interferir em alvos moleculares dos processos de angiogênese e, consequentemente, de progressão das neoplasias.
Are Free Market Fiduciary Media Possible? On the Nature of Money, Banking, and Money Production in the Free Market Order
Authors: Hansen Kristoffer
Published: August 2021

Recent debates in monetary theory have centered on so-called free banking and the role of banks in providing money in the form of fiduciary media in a pure market economy. This paper examines how and to what extent fiduciary media can emerge in a pure market economy. Based on the theory of value, it is argued that those economists are mistaken who claim that money substitutes must in all cases be interpreted as being money titles. Those economists too are mistaken, however, who claim a large role for the circulation of fiduciary media in a pure market economy. It is argued that holding fiduciary media in one’s cash balance is an entrepreneurial error, as fiduciary media by their nature do not have the qualities people demand in holding money. Money is the comparatively most certain good and the present good par excellence, qualities that fiduciary media do not have. Holding fiduciary media instead of money is therefore an entrepreneurial error, and like all errors in the free market, it will tend to be eliminated in the process of entrepreneurial profit and loss, leading to the virtual disappearance of all fiduciary media from the market economy.
IMPLEMENTASI PERMAINAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Wahyu Wijayanti Nia
Published: August 2021

Media pembelajaran menjadi menarik perhatian siswa pada kegiatan belajar mengajar jika merangsang kegiatan belajar siswa. Salah satu media tersebut adalah media permainan. Penelitian ini bertujuan adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi media permainan dalam peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari 3 siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, dokumentasi, rubrik, tes dan catatan lapangan. Permainan yang diterapkan adalah permainan ular tangga, permainan sirkuit, dan monopoli bintang yang dimodifikasi dengan materi matematika sekolah dasar. Media permainan dalam ketiga sub penelitian tersebut bukan dimaksudkan untuk menerapkan konsep, melainkan sebagai pelatih ketrampilan. Media permainan membangkitkan semangat bagi siswa untuk meningkatkan keterampilannya dengan perasaan senang. Perasaan senang inilah yang mendorong siswa untuk terus berlatih. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media permainan dapat membantu dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar ditinjau dari aspek keterampilan guru, aktivitas siswa, peningkatan hasil belajar, kualitas materi dan iklim belajar. Dibuktikan dari hasil skor yang mengalami peningkatan pada setiap siklus (I, II dan III) melalui implementasi ketiga media. Media permainan dapat membantu dalam peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar khusunya kelas tinggi.
Sağlıkta Şiddetin Bir Başka Yüzü: Medya Etkisi
Authors: KAYA Kenan , KÖKEN TOK Özgenur
Published: August 2021

ÖZ:

AMAÇ: Medyada hatalı tıbbi uygulama iddiaları ve sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddet içerikli haberlerin sürekli yayınlanması, haberlerin sunuluş şekli, sağlık çalışanlarını değersiz kılma çabası günümüzde sıkça karşılaştığımız durumlardandır.
MATERYAL VE METOD: Çalışmamızda kitle iletişim araçlarının tıbbi uygulamalarla ilgili haberleri ele alış, hatalı tıbbi uygulama iddiaları ve sağlıkta şiddet hakkındaki haberleri aktarış şekillerini incelemek amacıyla ulusal gazetelerdeki ilgili haberler retrospektif incelenmiştir.
BULGULAR: Haberlerin sunuluşunda; ‘Kör bırakan ihmale 4 milyon lirayı bulan tazminat’, ’Mide küçültme ameliyatı iki çocuk babasının sonu oldu’, ’Karın ağrısıyla hastaneye gitti, hayatı karardı’, ’Sezaryen sırasında karnında bant unutuldu’, ’Mide ameliyatında kalbini kestiler’, ’Kırık kol için girdikleri hastanede cansız bedeniyle çıktılar’, ’Doktora bayıltan dayak’ gibi başlıklar kullanıldığı görülmüştür.
SONUÇ: Hekimlere/sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddette medyanın kışkırtıcı rol oynadığı, yapılan haberlerin sağlık çalışanlarına güvenilirliği zedelediği görülmektedir. Medya olması gereken sağlıklı atmosferi tüketen bir rol yerine hepimizin ihtiyacı olan temiz havayı koruyabilir, kirlenen havayı temizleyebilir.
Üfürüm ile Başvuran Çocukların Ekokardiyografi Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TÜRE Mehmet , AKIN Alper , KAYA İrfan Kemal , YAVUZ Şeyhmus
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Çocuk kardiyoloji polikliniğimize kardiyak üfürüm nedeni ile gönderilen hastaların kardiyak üfürüm ve ekokardiyografi bulgularının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metod: Hastaların üfürümleri masum ve patolojik olmak üzere ikiye ayrıldı. Hastalara elektrokardiyografik ve ekokardiyografik değerlendirme yapıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmamıza üfürüm ile başvuran 219 hasta alındı. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 21,61 ± 34,3 ay. Masum üfürümü olan 138 hastada şu an için tedavi gerektirmeyen patent foramen ovale (40 hasta), küçük sekundum atriyal septal defekt (1 hasta) saptandı. Patolojik üfürüm olduğu düşünülen hastaların %96,2’sinde kardiyak patoloji saptanırken, masum üfürüm saptanan hastaların ise hiçbirinde tedavi gereken kardiyak patoloji saptanmadı (p<0.01). Üfürümün ekokardiyografik bulguları ayırt etmedeki belirleyiciliği incelendiğinde: Çocuk kardiyoloji hekimleri için fizik muayenenin duyarlılığı %66, seçiciliği %97, pozitif tahmini değeri %96, negatif tahmini değeri %83 ve doğruluk oranı %80 iken, genel çocuk uzmanlarının duyarlılığı %57, seçiciliği %87, pozitif tahmini değeri %84, negatif tahmini değeri %64 ve doğruluk oranı %71 idi

Sonuç: Çocuk kardiyoloji uzmanları ile genel çocuk hekimleri arasındaki fizik muayene ile kardiyak patoloji saptama oranı arasındaki fark fizik muayenenin ne kadar önemli olduğunu bir kez daha göstermektedir. Genel çocuk hekimlerinin kardiyak muayene konusunda çok iyi eğitilmeleri ile ailelere verecekleri sağlıklı bilgi sayesinde aileleri ve çocukları gereksiz stresten uzak tutacak ve hastaları hayatlarının ilerleyen dönemlerinde geri dönüşümsüz olabilecek kardiyak patolojilerden korumuş olacaklardır.
Does Arterial Stiffness Increase in Patients with Surgical Early Menopause?
Authors: AKÇAY Murat , ÇOKSEVİM Metin , GEDİKLİ Ömer , ULUBAŞOĞLU Hasan , YILMAZ Özcan
Published: August 2021

Background
Surgical early menopause is early menopause due to medical reasons rather than the natural aging process. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx) are simple and non-invasive parameters for assessment of arterial stiffness. The aim of this study investigated the arterial stiffness in the surgical early menopause patients.
Material and Method
We included 40 patients with surgical early menopause and 40 healthy controls for the study. The patients’ arterial stiffness and hemodynamic parameters were measured with Mobil-O-Graph NG (IEM GmbH, Stolberg, Germany) 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor arteriography.
Result
There was no difference between the groups in baseline demographic, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters. In patients with surgical early menopause (n=40), the etiology was malignancy in 27 (67.5%), myoma in 11 (27.5%) and bleeding in 2 (5%) patients. PWV was significantly higher in the early menopause group (6.5 m/s, (4.7-8.2) versus 5.6 m/s, (4.5-9.0 m/s); P<0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference in Alx (28.3±10.9% versus 27.4±9.0%; P=0.69). Also, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of cardiac hemodynamic parameters and central aortic pressures.
Conclusion
Arterial stiffness is significantly increased in surgical early menopause patients compared with healthy subjects independent of other risk factors.
Obsolescencia del conocimiento vs formación para el desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Ramírez-Montoya Maria Soledad
Published: August 2021

A lo largo de la historia se ha demostrado que el conocimiento ha sido un bien preciado para el crecimiento personal, profesional y para el desarrollo científico y social. En época de crisis, como el COVID 19, estos bienes reflejan un motor para el desarrollo sostenible. El objetivo del presente artículo es aportar datos de estudiantes y egresados que cursan y han cursado posgrados de Humanidades y Educación, en ambientes presenciales y a distancia, que den cuenta de sus motivaciones, los conocimientos y las competencias necesarias que les permitan ser actores protagónicos y ser generadores de los cambios en la sociedad. El artículo se focalizó en la aplicación de diversos instrumentos para obtener “las voces” de 454 estudiantes y egresados, con cuestionarios que recogieron las motivaciones y percepciones que los encuestados tenían de los programas. Los datos dieron cuenta que se requieren conocimientos que atiendan las dinámicas de las problemáticas y transformaciones de los ambientes de trabajo, así como el desarrollo de competencias relacionadas con la investigación, la innovación y las tecnologías. Se concluye que, en la formación, se hace imprescindible la vinculación constante con diversos sectores de la sociedad, en un trabajo multidisciplinar, interinstitucional y solidario. Este estudio puede ser de valor para profesores, investigadores, diseñadores, emprendedores, tecnólogos, directivos y tomadores de decisiones, interesados en promover ambientes formativos que apoyen el desarrollo sostenible de capacidades científicas, tecnológicas y de innovación que posibiliten un impacto en las transformaciones sociales.
Mentoria reversa
Authors: Médici Eduardo de Aquino , Costa Lídia Duarte , Tarabai Briana Henriques Machado , Oliveira Graziella Lage
Published: August 2021

O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar a experiência de elaboração do curso de Capacitação Docente em Ensino Digital. Em função da adesão ao Ensino Remoto Emergencial, precipitado pela pandemia de Covid-19, discentes do Grupo de Estudo em Didática Aplicada ao Aprendizado de Medicina propuseram-se a elaborar o curso com base na mentoria reversa. Após avaliação da demanda docente, foi elaborado um curso autoinstrucional, organizado em módulos no Google Classroom. Inscreveram-se no curso 572 docentes, que foram alocados por turmas, sendo a primeira composta por 138 professores. Apesar da alta demanda, a taxa de finalização da primeira turma foi baixa (3,6%). Sugere-se que o curto espaço de tempo entre o estudo e o início das atividades didáticas, a sobrecarga do professor e o maior interesse no funcionamento das plataformas a despeito de aspectos relacionados à didática tenham refletido nesta taxa. A mentoria reversa mostrou-se profícua para aquisição de habilidades e competências.
VARIKOZINĖS VENOS: DIAGNOSTIKA IR GYDYMAS
Authors: Vitkus Jokūbas , Floreskul Ignas , Misevičius Dainius
Published: August 2021

Varikozinės venos yra dažnai užčiuopiamos išsiplėtusios poodinės venos, su atbuline kraujo tėkme. Dažniausiai randamos kojose. Matomos kojose, dažnai besimptomės venos, stebimos kas trečiam populiacijoje. Tyrimo tikslas – išnagrinėti dažniausiai taikomus venų varikozės dia­gnostikos ir gydymo metodus. Atlikta mokslinės litera­tūros apžvalga ir analizė. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad dažniausi patologijos rizikos veiksniai yra moteriškoji lytis, vyresnis amžius, rasė, šeiminė anamnezė, nėštumas, ilgas stovėjimas, nutukimas, kraujagyslinės malformaci­jos ir hormonų terapija. Simptomai specifiški – edema, išsišokusios ir išsipūtusios varikozinės venos, skausmas kojose fizinio krūvio metu, odos cianozė, raudonis, hiper­pigmentacija, lipodermatosklerozė, opos, gali būti ste­bima apskrita balkšva, nevaskuliarizuota, atrofinės odos zona, vadinama blyškioji atrofija (Atrophie blanche).

Išvados. Auksinis diagnostikos standartas − klinikinis vaizdas kartu su duplex ultragarsiniu tyrimu. Simpto­minis gydymas yra chirurginis. Taikomi minimaliai in­vazyvūs endovaskuliniai gydymo metodai, tokie kaip endovaskulinė lazerio terapija, termoabliacija, cheminė skleroterapija, arba atvira operacija. Svarbiausias simp­tomų išnykimo veiksnys – visiška varikozinių venų sie­nelės obliteracija. Pooperacinį gijimą gerina komplikacijų išvengimas, kojos kompresinis gydymas.
ENDOMETRIOMA IR DERMOIDINĖ CISTA VIENOJE KIAUŠIDĖJE: KLINIKINIS ATVEJIS
Authors: Tavoraitė Indrė , Bartkevičienė Daiva
Published: August 2021

Straipsnyje aprašomas retas klinikinis atvejis, kai 34 metų moteriai atsitiktinai nustatytas endometriomos ir bran­džios cistinės teratomos kompleksinis darinys iki 12 cm kairiojoje kiaušidėje. Be gausesnių mėnesinių, pacientei nepasireiškė jokių tipinių gimdos priedų auglių simp­tomų. Atlikta laparoskopinė cistektomija, o histologinis tyrimas patvirtino diagnozę. Nors endometriomų ir der­moidų paplitimas ikimenopauzinio amžiaus moterų po­puliacijoje didelis, kompleksinis šių cistų darinys vienoje kiaušidėje susiformuoja retai. Pubmed duomenų bazėje buvo rasta 11 panašių atvejų aprašymų. Dauguma nekom­plikuotų dermoidų nesukelia simptomų, tačiau tik trečda­lis endometriozės atvejų yra besimptomiai. Diagnostikai pasitelkiami ultragarso bei magnetinio rezonanso tomo­grafijos tyrimai. Gydymo taktikos pasirinkimas priklauso nuo amžiaus, simptomų išreikštumo bei kiaušidės cistos matmenų. Vaisingo amžiaus pacientėms rekomenduojama laparoskopinė cistektomija, stengiantis išsaugoti lieka­mąjį kiaušidės rezervą ir reprodukcinę funkciją.
DEKSMEDETOMIDINO EFEKTYVUMAS MINIMALIAI INVAZINĖS VAIKŲ ĮDUBUSIOS KRŪTINĖS KOREKCIJOS POOPERACINIO SKAUSMO MALŠINIMUI
Authors: Kakta Benas , Lukošienė Laura , Razlevičė Ilona , Šeškevičius Arnas
Published: August 2021

Tikslas. Įvertinti deksmedetomidino, kaip papildomo skausmą malšinančio komponento efektyvumą, valdyti minimaliai invazinės vaikų krūtinės įdubos korekcijos pooperacinį skausmą.

Metodika. Atliktas stebimasis atvejo – kontrolės tyrimas, į kurį įtrauktas 51 pacientas.

Kontrolinę grupę sudarė pacientai, kuriems pooperacinio skausmo malšinimui buvo skirtas morfinas paciento kon­troliuojamos analgezijos (PKA) būdu (PKA grupė). Pa­cientai, kuriems kartu su morfinu PKA būdu buvo skirta tęstinė deksmedetomidino infuzija, priskirti atvejo grupei (PKA DEX grupė). Atlikta narkozės lapų, operacijų ir PKA protokolų, ligos istorijos duomenų analizė. Ana­lizuoti kintamieji − skausmo intensyvumas pagal vaiz­dinės analogijos skalę (VAS), morfino suvartojimas bei morfino šalutiniai reiškiniai tarp grupių.

Rezultatai. PKA grupę sudarė 30 (58,8%) pacientų, DEX PKA – 21 (41,2%) pacientas. VAS balai buvo mažesni DEX PKA grupėje iškart po operacijos bei praėjus 9 ir 12 valandų (p < 0,05). DEX PKA grupėje suminis mor­fino suvartojimas per pirmąsias 12 val. po operacijos mg/ kg buvo mažesnis, lyginant su PKA grupe, o skirtumas buvo statistiškai reikšmingas (p < 0,05). Morfino šaluti­nių reiškinių dažnis statistiškai reikšmingai tarp grupių nesiskyrė (p > 0,05). DEX PKA grupės pacientams ste­bėtas didesnis sedacijos laipsnis iškart po operacijos, bei praėjus 3, 6 ir 12 valandų po operacijos (p<0,05).

Išvados. DEX PKA grupėje stebėti mažesni VAS balai iškart po operacijos, praėjus 9 ir 12 val. po operacijos, mažesnis suminis morfino suvartojimas buvo statistiškai reikšmingas per pirmąsias 12 val. po operacijos. Morfino šalutinio poveikio dažnis tarp tiriamųjų grupių nesiskyrė, DEX PKA grupėje stebėtas didesnis sedacijos laipsnis, tačiau jis buvo kliniškai nereikšmingas.
COVID-19 SUKELTA INTRAVASKULINĖ PLAUČIŲ KOAGULOPATIJA
Authors: Vingrys Domantas , Dautorius Airidas
Published: August 2021

Naujoji COVID-19 infekcija, pirmą kartą nustatyta Uhane (Kinija) 2019 metų gruodžio mėnesį, neilgai trukus tapo pandemija. Liga sukelia įvairius klinikinius simptomus – nuo besimptomės infekcijos iki ūmaus respiracinio distreso sindromo bei plautinės embolijos (PE). Tyrimo tikslas – aptarti COVID-19 infekcijos su­keltus plaučių kraujagyslių koagulopatijos ypatumus. Mokslinių šaltinių paieškai naudotasi PubMed duo­menų baze. Analizei atrinktos publikacijos, kuriose aprašomi tyrimai, analizuojantys COVID-19 sukeltos koagulopatijos plaučių kraujagyslėse epidemiologiją, rizikos veiksnius, patogenezę ir hemostazę, kliniką ir diagnostiką. Rezultatai. COVID-19 infekcija išsi­skiria neįprastai dažnais kraujo krešumo sutrikimais (trombocitopenija, hiperkoaguliacija, venų trombozė, diseminuota intravaskulinė koagulopatija). Pastebėta, kad kraujo krešumo sutrikimai daugiausia pasireiškia plaučių kraujagyslėse. Tyrimuose atskleista, kad treč­daliui pacientų, gydomų reanimacijos – intensyviosios terapijos (RITS) skyriuose, net ir tiems, kuriems buvo taikyta tromboprofilaktika, išsivysto plautinė embo­lija Dėl infekcijos plitimo pavojaus rutininių vaizdo tyrimų atlikimas yra ribojamas, o imobilizacija, gy­dymas RITS, intraveniniai kateteriai dar labiau didina tromboembolinių įvykių riziką. Išvados. COVID-19 infekcijos sukeliama plaučių kraujagyslių koagulo­patija yra vienas pagrindinių ir ryškiausių ligos po­žymių, stipriausiai pasireiškiantis plaučių ir giliųjų venų kraujagyslėse. Net ir nedidelis d-dimerų kiekio padidėjimas siejamas su dideliu mirtingumu. Infekci­jos sukeltą plaučių emboliją patiria apie trečdalis RITS pacientų. Diagnostiką sunkina infekcijos plitimo pa­vojaus, todėl plaučių embolija dažnai nepatvirtinama vaizdo tyrimais.