bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
África en nosotras y nosotros: un tambor que resuena en el cosmos
Authors: Parra Valencia Lliana
Published: September 2021

La cumbia, el bullerengue, el son de negro y el currulao son parte de la herencia viva de África en Colombia; huellas de africanía, como lo refería Nina de Friedemann (1992), que  reafirman una presencia antigua y originaria, entre nosotros. La musicalidad ha sido esencial para los estudios y el pensamiento sobre identidad, cultura negra y la condición de las comunidades afrodescendientes en Améfrica (Du Bois, 1999; D. Zapata, 1962; M. Zapata, 2000; García, 1994; Miller, 2009; Segato, 1995;  Mukuna, 1978; Quintero, 2000). Esta noción que acuñó la afrobrasilera Léila Gonzalez (1988) da cuenta de la africanización del continente americano, que incluye los territorios del norte, centro, sur e insular (Caribe).
Algunas labores de la revista
Authors: Castrillón Castrillón Andrés Alfredo
Published: September 2021

Una de las labores de la Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales es la publicación de artículos científicos, de revisión o de reflexión en torno a temáticas o núcleos problemáticos actuales en el ámbito internacional, regional y local. Pero también, publica artículos teóricos que analizan la conceptualización y dialogan con referentes que estructuran las directrices de las mismas ciencias sociales. El estudio y análisis de los fenómenos sociales es, pues, un componente esencial del trabajo de investigadores que arriesgan una comprensión de las dinámicas de poblaciones o sociedades afectadas por acciones que repercuten en el interés científico. En este sentido los artículos del presente número constituyen una muestra significativa de la amplia actividad investigativa desde los diferentes ámbitos y disciplinas de estas ciencias.
Application of decision tree model for prediction of immigration policy in different countries of the world
Authors: Apalkova Viktoriia , Tsyganov Sergiy , Meshko Nataliia , Tsyganova Nadiia , Apalkov Serhii
Published: September 2021

In the past few decades, the ever-increasing dynamics of international migration flows can be observed. At this stage, the governments of major countries in the world are striving to balance the needs of their citizens and the support of immigrants. The paper analyzes factors that affect the immigration policies of various countries and determines the role of ecological factors (such as environmental conditions). The objective of the study is to predict the immigration policies of different countries of the world based on the analysis of the influencing factors, including environmental performance. The research method is based on the use of the RapidMiner software package to build two decision tree models and a static index database of more than 150 countries around the world. The results show that in most cases, the immigration policies of various countries will focus on maintaining the current level of immigration and increasing the number of skilled workers. At the same time, one of the key decision-making factors will be the country’s current immigration level, environmental performance, GDP per capita, and the Education index. One of the main conclusions is that the country’s environmental indicators have begun to become one of the priority values that determine the state immigration policy. This can be explained by the rising global community interest in the challenges of climate change.
PANDEMIA Y RESILIENCIA. APORTACIONES ACADÉMICAS EN TIEMPOS DE CRISIS
Authors: Crosas Francisco
Published: September 2021

Audacter et opportune. Es alentador que haya quien, ante la pandemia, no se limite a lamentarse e incluso se atreva a pensar… Sí, pensar, ese ejercicio cada vez menos frecuente, sustituido en nuestra postmodernidad por los de imaginar y sentir. Como es lógico, las primeras disciplinas científicas en responder al reto de este jinete del Apocalipsis son las agrupadas bajo el marbete «ciencias de la salud». Por eso resulta tan sorprendente e interesante que, desde el ámbito de las humanidades y las ciencias sociales, alguien aporte reflexiones de carácter científico, tras pocos meses del comienzo de esta pesadilla, tal como lo ha hecho el grupo de investigación «Familia, Educación y Escuela Inclusiva» (TRIVIUM), de la Universitat Abat Oliba CEU, de Barcelona.
COMPETENCIAS PROFESIONALES Y SU DESARROLLO MEDIANTE APRENDIZAJE-SERVICIO EN LA UNIVERSIDAD: PERSPECTIVA DE LOS EMPLEADORES
Authors: Ugarte Carolina , Arantzamendi María , Naval Durán Concepción , Verea Natalia , Arbués Elena
Published: September 2021

Introducirse en el mundo laboral es costoso y uno de los primeros obstáculos es el déficit competencial que, en ocasiones, presentan los universitarios. Para subsanar el exceso de una teoría descontextualizada, el EEES (Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior) ha auspiciado un cambio metodológico que fomenta una docencia más práctica, ya que el aprendizaje más efectivo es activo y está conectado con la experiencia. De este modo, la enseñanza universitaria se enfoca, entre otros aspectos, en la consecución de resultados de aprendizaje en forma de competencias asociadas al mercado laboral. En este contexto se están ensayando en la universidad [española] metodologías más prácticas y aplicadas, entre ellas, el Aprendizaje-Servicio.

El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer si para los empleadores participantes en nuestro estudio, los universitarios que participan en actividades de Aprendizaje-Servicio desarrollan el perfil competencial que buscan, haciéndoles candidatos más atractivos en los procesos de selección, mejorando en consecuencia su empleabilidad. Para ello, se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa genérica. Se realizaron tres grupos focales en los que participaron por muestreo intencional trece empleadores de egresados de distintas facultades de la universidad, pertenecientes a distintos sectores. La guía temática incluía preguntas sobre las competencias más demandadas por los empleadores, el Aprendizaje-Servicio y su influencia en el perfil profesional. La transcripción textual fue analizada mediante análisis de contenido inductivo por dos investigadores. En el apartado de resultados y discusión se constató que, para los empleadores consultados, los alumnos que participan en actividades de Aprendizaje- Servicio en la universidad, desarrollan algunas de las competencias profesionales más demandadas en el mundo laboral, incidiendo positivamente en su empleabilidad.
LA AFECTIVIDAD EN EL APRENDIZAJE DEL IDIOMA INGLÉS COMO SEGUNDA LENGUA
Authors: Romero Zárate Martha , Santana Valencia Emma Verónica
Published: September 2021

Durante el proceso de aprendizaje de una segunda lengua es posible observar circunstancias diversas que repercuten en él: motivación, interés o desinterés, estrés o cierta sensación de angustia..., que pueden impactar en la adquisición de conocimientos, manifestándose en actitudes positivas o negativas. En el ámbito educativo, la afectividad bien encauzada puede minimizar estas situaciones que impiden al estudiante involucrarse con mayor entusiasmo en su trabajo académico, y en el caso del aprendizaje de una segunda lengua, contribuir a una formación integral.

En este sentido, el presente trabajo presenta una revisión teórica sobre la afectividad en el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua en el contexto universitario y la forma en que este es un soporte para considerar a los estudiantes como seres humanos que requieren de tiempo para integrarse a un ambiente de trabajo, así como de un impulso que los guíe en el proceso de aprendizaje, con paciencia y seguridad, propiciando situaciones de confianza para desarrollar interacciones comunicativas más fluidas con sus pares.
ILUMINAÇÃO NATURAL e EDIFÍCIOS RESIDENCIAIS VERTICAIS: ANÁLISES PARAMÉTRICAS A PARTIR DE CRITÉRIOS DAS LEGISLAÇÕES URBANO-CONSTRUTIVAS DA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO.
Authors: BOSCARDIN LUIZ , Flório Wilson
Published: September 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma investigação sobre a efetividade de metodologias de modalidade prescritiva, dedicadas a assegurar o conforto ambiental lumínico em edifícios residenciais projetados e construídos na capital paulista durante a vigência do Código de Obras e Edificações da Cidade de São Paulo (COESP), promulgado em 1992 e revogado em 2017. Por meio de processos de modelagem digital e simulação paramétrica, serão analisados os totais de horas diárias de incidência direta de luz solar bem como os padrões de iluminância associados a iluminação natural registrados em unidades habitacionais, utilizando como base para a obtenção dos resultados, os parâmetros determinados pela NBR 15575 – Desempenho das edificações habitacionais. As diretrizes de caráter prescritivo, voltadas a assegurar condições minimante satisfatórias de iluminação e aeração, impostas pelas legislações vigentes no período de projeto e execução da produção arquitetônica analisada, exerciam grande impacto nas soluções volumétricas, nas estratégias de implantação dos edifícios e por consequência, na configuração de extensas áreas urbanas da cidade de São Paulo.

A análise da efetividade destes dispositivos legais, por meio do emprego de tecnologias digitais dedicadas à simulação e análise do desempenho lumínico de edifícios residenciais verticais, tem como meta o fornecimento de um conjunto de sistematizado de informações que poderá auxiliar na proposição de futuras investigações sobre temas ligados às metodologias de projeto arquitetônico, conforto ambiental, eficiência energética e configuração de contextos urbanos.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: análise de desempenho; simulação paramétrica; luz natural.
Potencial de estratégias de racionalização do consumo de água potável aplicadas a um projeto de edifício educacional no semiárido brasileiro
Authors: Dantas Petterson , Goulart Solange
Published: September 2021

A falta de água potável para consumo é um grave problema mundial. A escassez natural é um dos fatores que limitam a disponibilidade de água para populações, mas em alguns casos esta condição é acentuada pelo crescimento urbano sem infraestrutura prévia, que compromete a qualidade das reservas hídricas nas cidades. A conservação da água potável deve ser uma das principais preocupações nos projetos arquitetônicos sustentáveis. Inserido nesta discussão, este artigo apresenta um projeto de arquitetura para um edifício de uso educacional com foco na racionalização do consumo de água. O projeto foi proposto para a unidade da UFRN no município de Currais Novos, localizado em área de clima quente e seco. A proposta buscou integrar medidas de redução do consumo de água potável à arquitetura, com a finalidade de explorar qual a economia alcançada, utilizando-se três princípios: utilização de equipamentos economizadores, aproveitamento de água da chuva e reuso de águas cinzas para os pontos de consumo onde não é necessário água potável. Ao comparar dois cenários simulados – um considerando-se o prédio com as instalações hidráulicas convencionais e outro com a aplicação das medidas estudadas – os cálculos realizados indicaram que a edificação pode ter um consumo até 56% menor, se utilizadas as medidas de racionalização de consumo. O artigo apresenta detalhadamente as etapas para cálculo e simulação do consumo e traz também uma breve discussão sobre a contribuição da arquitetura para efetivação das medidas de racionalização do consumo de água.
JARDINS TERAPÊUTICOS HOSPITALARES
Authors: Paris Barbara Carolina , Mukai Hitomi , Roesler Douglas André
Published: September 2021

Esta pesquisa realiza o estudo bibliográfico sobre jardins terapêuticos buscando a identificação de diretrizes projetuais que possam orientar a proposição desses espaços em ambientes hospitalares, contribuindo para a sua qualificação ambiental e, consequentemente, para a humanização do atendimento da saúde. Desenvolve-se a partir do seguinte questionamento: Quais são as diretrizes projetuais para um jardim terapêutico hospitalar? Para isso, objetiva definir o que é um jardim terapêutico; analisar as características de jardins terapêuticos hospitalares através de estudos de casos e demais publicações sobre o tema e identificar um conjunto de diretrizes projetuais para jardins terapêuticos hospitalares. Caracteriza-se como pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório e realiza a busca de dados em artigos revisados por pares, avaliações pós ocupacionais (APOs) e estudos de casos de jardins terapêuticos hospitalares. Ainda, relaciona os autores com suas contribuições por meio de tabelas, que foram divididas em diretrizes de jardins terapêuticos para trabalhadores da saúde, para pacientes adultos e seus acompanhantes/visitantes e para pacientes pediátricos e seus acompanhantes/visitantes. As diretrizes identificadas nessa pesquisa não têm o intuito de substituir ou sobrepor demais diretrizes projetuais, normas técnicas e leis, mas sim somarem-se a elas.
Levantamento arquitetônico das edificações religiosas nas superquadras de Brasília
Authors: Banducci Amizo Isadora , GUTENBERG ELOI ANCHIETA DANIEL , FAGANELLO SAMPAIO FLORA SOPHIA
Published: September 2021

A pesquisa apresentada neste artigo consiste em um levantamento arquitetônico das edificações religiosas localizadas nas Superquadras do Plano Piloto de Brasília-DF. A proposta partiu do reconhecimento prévio da ausência de informações a respeito dessa tipologia nos estudos sobre a arquitetura de Brasília e, portanto, da necessidade de investigação e divulgação dessas edificações. A pesquisa se desenvolveu como uma catalogação, apoiada em uma abordagem de cunho descritivo e analítico. Objetivou-se, além do levantamento e da documentação, analisar os princípios e condicionantes que regem as formas e linguagens arquitetônicas dessas edificações. Para tanto, foram feitos levantamentos in loco, com registros fotográficos e anotações, sistematizados por meio de fichas, e consultas aos registros e aos responsáveis pela administração das instituições. Foi mapeado o total de vinte e sete edificações, com datas de construção entre 1958 (período da construção da cidade) até 2007. Os dados registrados abrangem a identificação da edificação e sua localização; o ano de construção; a religião a qual está vinculada; o uso para o qual foi projetada; os responsáveis pelo projeto; reformas significativas; e uma breve descrição formal. Acredita-se, assim, que esse trabalho poderá contribuir com a construção do conhecimento de uma parte da história da arquitetura de Brasília ainda pouco explorada.
O amor nos tempos do cólera
Authors: Segawa Hugo , Moacir Marques Sérgio , Diniz Moreira Fernando , Junqueira de Camargo Mônica , Giroto Ivo , Macedo Xavier de Freitas Maria Luiza
Published: September 2021

O isolamento devido à pandemia Covid-19 no Brasil a partir de março de 2020 impôs desafios inéditos ao ensino: a falta de convivência social, fundamental à troca de ideias, e o ensino remoto como única alternativa para a superação do problema, para o qual docentes e discentes, até então não preparados para operá-lo, exigiram respostas rápidas. A experiência inédita de compartilhamento de uma disciplina reunindo cursos dos programas de pós-graduação da FAU/USP, do MDU/UFPE e do PROPAR/UFRGS, a partir dos antecedentes de cada um, levantou várias questões para contribuir para a discussão do ensino, da pesquisa e para a cultura arquitetônica. No âmbito didático-pedagógico, possibilitou uma rica troca entre docentes e discentes, questionando as práticas correntes e abrindo caminho para reflexões futuras; em relação ao conteúdo ampliou o leque de referências críticas e de obras arquitetônicas, impondo uma necessária revisão da historiografia. Muitas outras propostas se desencadearam no ensino superior para o enfrentamento da pandemia. Colocar em debate as estratégias adotadas e os resultados obtidos por esse tripé acadêmico pode estimular significativas mudanças no ensino de arquitetura.
Editorial V.6 N.3 Setembro de 2021
Authors: Veloso Maísa , Azambuja Elali Gleice
Published: September 2021

Contem o Expediente e o Editorial dessa edição
Fortification of a Desert Using Nanoencapsulated Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract of Small Cardamom Seeds: A Nutraceutical Custard with Antioxidant Synergy
Authors: Paul Kaninika , Tamili Dipshikha , Bhattacharjee Paramita
Published: September 2021

Background:

1,8 cineole-rich supercritical CO2 extract of small cardamom
seeds of Alleppey green variety exhibiting prominent antioxidant property was microencapsulated
and utilized in formulating an antioxidant-rich custard. However, the antioxidant
potency of the prepared custard was not appreciable. To redress the phytochemical
loss during custard preparation, custard using nanoliposomes was formulated. Patents related
to 1,8 cineole-rich food products have been revised thoroughly.

Objective:

: The objective of the current study is to examine whether nanoencapsulationmediated
entrapment of antioxidants is more effective in fortifying a dessert, namely custard,
vis-à-vis microencapsulated (spray dried)-mediated enhancement of antioxidative
potency in the same.

Methods:

Our previous investigations have established that nanoliposome of 1,8 cineole-
rich supercritical CO2 extract of small cardamom seeds effectively redresses type 2 diabetes
and hypercholesterolemia. In the current investigation, this pre-characterized nanoliposome
which exhibited appreciable in vitro and in vivo antioxidant efficacy has been
utilized at varying concentrations for fortification of a custard. The designer custard samples
have been characterized for their sensory and physicochemical properties, identification
of the cardamom antioxidants therein and determination of the synergistic efficacy
value of the identified antioxidants.

Results:

The custard formulated with 0.3% nanoliposomes exhibited appreciable antioxidant
potency in terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity (304.58±1.09 mg/ml) and reducing
power (0.020±0.001 mg BHT/g custard), conferred by its total phenolic content
(0.049±0.004 mg GAE/g custard). It also had relatively more stable textural attributes
vis-à-vis the control sample (formulated with the non-encapsulated native extract). GCMS
analysis of the nanoliposome-fortified custard confirmed retention of the spice antioxidants,
namely1,8- cineole, α-terpinyl acetate, α-terpineol and linalool and its synergistic
efficacy value being greater than unity, attested to the synergistic presence of the
said antioxidants therein. The newly formulated custard retained more than 4.5 times of
1,8-cineole (5.05 mg/g custard) vis-à-vis the custard sample (1.12 mg/g custard) prepared
with a microencapsulated (spray-dried) formulation of the extract. Additionally, the
absence of heavy metals in the formulated custard confirmed it to be safe for human consumption.

Conclusion:

This is the first study on the application of nanoliposomes of spiceuticals in
the formulation of a dessert, and more emphatically on use of a ‘green’ supercritical CO2
extract of spice antioxidants in fortification of a dessert to achieve antioxidant synergy.
Sulfated Polyborate, a Novel Buffer for Low pH Mobile Phase on a Nonend Capped Stationary Phase in Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Sutar Purushottam , Khedkar Pravin , Chaturbhuj Ganesh
Published: September 2021

Background:

Sulfated Polyborate, a novel inorganic material primarily designed as a catalyst,
has shown properties such as high solubility in organic solvents, low U.V. cut-off, and pKa
≈2.0, which suggests its potential as a mobile phase buffer for reverse-phase liquid chromatography.

Objective:

This study aims to substantiate the role of Sulfated Polyborate as mobile phase buffer
for reverse-phase liquid chromatographic analysis of basic drugs with high pKa values viz. Bisoprolol
fumarate, Timolol maleate, Verapamil hydrochloride, and Carvedilol.

Methods:

Solubilities, U.V. cut-offs, and pKa of Sulfated Polyborate were first experimentally confirmed.
The behaviour of Sulfated Polyborate as mobile phase buffer at pH 3.0 was ascertained by
varying the buffer concentration, flow rates, and percent organic modifier for elution of the four basic
drugs on a non-end capped octyl silyl (C8) column. Similarly, the study was performed with
KH2PO4 as a reference buffer. The column performance and conductometric measurements ascertained
the impact of Sulfated Polyborate on the stationary phase.

Results:

Sulfated Polyborate and KH2PO4 buffers showed correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 1.00
for analyte retention factors for variation of buffer concentration and organic modifier composition,
respectively. Peak symmetries and the number of theoretical plates were improved from > 2.0
to < 2.0 and ≈1000 to ≈3000, respectively, for variation in buffer concentrations. Similar Van
Deemter plots indicated equivalency of Sulfated Polyborate and KH2PO4 buffers. The column performance
and conductometric measurements depicted no adsorption on the stationary phase.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrates Sulfated Polyborate as a novel buffer for analytes
with higher pKa on reverse-phase liquid chromatography.
Spectral/cepstral analyses of connected speech in parkinson’s disease as compared with sustained phonation before and after voice treatment
Authors: Alharbi Ghadah G. , Cannito Michael P. , Buder Eugene H. , Awan Shaheen N.
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to assess the effect of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT®LOUD) on selected spectral/cepstral measures of voice in connected speech. Spectral/cepstral analyses also were used to descriptively compare changes in connected speech to those previously reported in sustained vowels. An additional goal was to examine individual differences in responses to LSVT across the spectral/cepstral measures.Methods: Nine adult participants with PD were examined in a pre/post treatment design. Speech recordings were obtained on three different days within one week before and one week after LSVT. Speech recordings were analyzed for cepstral peak prominence (CPP), CPP Standard Deviation (CPP-SD), Low/High Spectral Ratio (L/H SR), and Cepstral/Spectral Index of Dysphonia (CSID) using the Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice (ADSV) program.Results: CPP and CSID were the only measures that detect treatment-related changes in connected speech. Investigating individual differences demonstrated more participants exhibiting an improvement in sustained phonation than in connected speech.Conclusions: Cepstral/spectral measures have been shown to be valid measures for estimating dysphonia severity in both continuous speech and sustained vowels. In addition, it extends the use of the cepstral/spectral measures for characterizing speech and voice aspects prior to treatment and for quantifying treatment outcomes. Moreover, it supports the use of LSVT as a treatment approach for improving voice quality in addition to intensity in PD.
Speech sound production accuracy produced by North Korean defectors’ adolescent children born in China
Authors: Lee Eun Kyoung , Lee Hyun Jung
Published: September 2021

Purpose:Children from North Korean defector families possess different characteristics from children with other multicultural and multilingual backgrounds in Korea, partially due to the fact that the number of children born in third countries is higher than those of children born in North Korea. The purpose of the study is to analyze the word-level speech sound productions of adolescent children of North Korean refugee mothers, primarily through a calculation of speech sound accuracy.Methods: The participants consisted of 11 adolescent children whose mothers were North Korean defectors, and whose fathers were Chinese. Participants’ speech sound production skills were assessed using 103 words from the KS-PAPT and U-TAP.Results: Korean defectors’ adolescent children have lower consonant accuracy (PCC= 79.14%) compared to vowel accuracy (PVC=94.71%). The consonant accuracy of liquid/ㄹ/ was significantly lower than those of other manners of articulation. The consonant accuracy of word-final codas was significantly lower than those of other positions in word.Conclusions: This current research has clinical implications for the assessment and analysis of the speech production abilities of the adolescent children of North Korean refugees.
GP Practice Online Reviews before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Longitudinal Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Vidiella-Martin Joaquim , Khandamiryan Gevorg , Powell John , Nicodemo Catia
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new challenges to in-person encounters with general practitioners (GPs) and has fostered the use of digital health tools. Patient online reviews (PORs) of health care experience offer a method for patients to feedback on the quality of their care.

OBJECTIVE

This study sought to determine the latest trends in patient feedback for English GP practices in the National Health Service (NHS).

METHODS

Publicly available PORs for English GP practices between January 2019 and February 2021 were identified and scraped from the NHS website. PORs were characterized based on numerical star ratings (ranging from one to five) and the polarity of their comments. These measures were also calculated at GP practice level to understand whether patients’ perceptions of their practices are constant across time.

RESULTS

Of the 58,970 PORs posted between February 2019 and February 2021, 64·6% were positive (defined as a star rating of four or five out of five). After the lockdown measures imposed in April 2020, the share of encounters with GPs rated positively by customers increased. General practices were less likely to reply to their patients’ reviews after April 2020. The relative rank of practices based on their average star rating remained rather constant after the start of the lockdown measures.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates how PORs can be used to detect instances of particularly good or bad practice. Since GP Patient Survey has been disrupted during the COVID-19 period, this could be another measure for policy makers to track practice quality.
Further Understanding about the Mechanism of Vitamin D on Blood Pressure
Authors: Farapti Farapti , Fadilla Chusnul
Published: September 2021

Globally, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and hypertension is both increasing. Various studies have also identified that both are likely to have causality relationships. The mechanisms and possibilities of such relationships will be discussed in this article. This literature study takes systematic review and meta-analysis research as well as randomly other research to complete the discussion on the role, effects, and mechanisms of vitamin D to blood pressure. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be produced by the body and the most proper measurement using 25(OH)D. Low vitamin D is one of the risk factors for increased blood pressure (BP). Administration of vitamin D seems beneficial to lowering BP through various mechanisms including inhibit renin gene expression, maintain PTH levels and calcium homeostasis, vasodilatation BP, and decrease sympathetic nerve activity. Research with vitamin D supplementation reported random data between effective and whether or not to decrease BP. Vitamin D can be significantly beneficial in only some conditions although overall it has increased levels of 25(OH)D. However, although vitamin D is very good for health improvement, the use of vitamin D specifically as an antihypertensive still needs more understanding and research on the conditions that have proven effective in their use.
Bioactivities of plant extracts collected in Halmahera, Indonesia: A bioprospection study of underexplored plant species
Authors: Raunsai Marlin Megalestin , Palupi Kartika Dyah , Fathoni Ahmad , Agusta Andria
Published: September 2021

The discovery of new antibiotics to overcome the growing resistance problem as well as the discovery of new natural, safe antioxidants to combat oxidative stress are still urgently needed. Medicinal plants are known to produce potential therapeutic substances which are more biologically selective than synthetic compounds. Therefore, we explored the bioactivities of 35 ethanolic extracts from 24 underexplored plant species collected in Halmahera, to find potential sources for antibacterial and antioxidant agents. 

Dried plant parts were extracted using ethanol 96%. Thin layer chromatography-direct-bioautography (TLC-DB) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination were used to evaluate the antibacterial effect. Antioxidant activity was determined against DPPH using TLC-DB and microdilution assay. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu’s method.

The ethanolic extracts exhibited moderate to weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. However, the leaf extract of Elaeocarpus dolichostylus, Elaeocarpus multiflorus, and Psychotria celebica as well as the stem bark extract of Elaeocarpus dolichostylus, Cinnamomum sintoc, and Garcinia latissima displayed very strong antioxidant activities against DPPH with AAI values between 4.60 to 13.42. A strong correlation between TPC and antioxidant activity with r = 0.8712 was observed.

Despite the moderate to weak antibacterial activity, eight underexplored plant species exhibit strong antioxidant activities. A high correlation between TPC and antioxidant activity indicating a prominent role of phenolic compounds in the plants’ antioxidant properties. These findings indicate that collected plants from Halmahera are potential to be studied and developed further as the potential sources for novel antioxidants.
A Comprehensive Review on the Biomarkers of Bone Remodeling in Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Nagappan Krishna Veni , Sureshkumar Arti
Published: September 2021

Vitamin D (Vit.D) has been well regarded as one of the essential micronutrients for several biological functions in humans, including bone structure and function. The deficiency of Vit.D due to various environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors affect bone remodeling, including bone mineralization and resorption. Consequently, several changes occur in the level of biochemicals which are implied in bone remodeling, either directly or via secondary pathways. Intriguingly, the levels of these biomolecules are hypothesized to have a strong association with the prognosis of Vit. D deficiency (VDD) related health complications. However, the precise association of various bone turnover-derived biomolecules with VDD-related effects are largely elusive. Thus, the in-depth understanding of specific associations of VDD and bone mineralization, would establish novel bioanalytical approaches for early detection and devise alternative strategies to provide symptomatic clinical support to VDD patients. Hence this review collates the available literature to elucidate the association of various bone resorption biomarkers and their relevance to VDD.
Myrmecodia platytyrea Methanol Tuber Extract Ameliorates Hyperglycemia In STZ-Induced Diabetic Sprague-Dawley Male Rats
Authors: Hazizul Hasan Mizaton , Zakaria Hasbullani , Abdul Wahab Ibtisam , Ponto Thellie , Adam Aishah
Published: September 2021

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the main non-communicable chronic diseases that has many complications that compromise the quality of life. Hence, the need to find alternatives to replace the current therapy or as an adjuvant. Tubers of Myrmecodia platytytrea (Rubiaceae) has been used traditionally as an alternative therapy for the management of cancer and other inflammatory-related disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the potency of M. platytytrea methanolic tuber extract (MPMTE) as an antihyperglycemic agent, in vivo. :The streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were treated orally with MPMTE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and metformin (positive control, 100 mg/kg) daily for 14 days. Blood glucose level and other biochemistry analysis were conducted including histological examination on liver, kidney and pancreas.  The STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with MPMTE (200 and 400 mg/kg) had significant decreased (p<0.05) in fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with no significant changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to STZ-induced untreated diabetic rats. Liver, kidney and pancreas were devoid of any damage caused by STZ.  MPMTE had strong antihyperglycaemic activity and was protective against any STZ-induced organ damage. Thus, MPMTE can be further developed into an adjuvant therapy for diabetic patients.
Utilization of Big Data Analysis Through Public Video, Virus Data Cooperation, and Social Media as the Surveillance to COVID-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Maulana Sirojjudin Achmad
Published: September 2021

This article discusses Big Data's use as a surveillance tool for the spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), both in Indonesia and the world. In Indonesia, the range of COVID-19 is increasingly sporadic, causing mass panic and Indonesia's geographical characteristics, which will be difficult when this spread could not control quickly. Researchers are conducting several studies to overcome this pandemic, including supervision, features, handling, mobility, patient interaction, treatment evaluation, and the biological structure. These studies become data and lead to Big Data. This article explores how to use Big Data analysis to monitor the spread of COVID-19 as a communication process that reflects mediated communication as a form of mobility and spatial relationships in communication practices. The method used in this article is a literature review and uses meta-synthesis techniques as its analysis. The literature sources used are articles in highly reputable international journals. Based on the reports, various ways to monitor the virus's spread, through public video data, GPS, and social media tracking, trace the patient's movement. Big Data can also provide data collaboration for viruses and pathogens for further research as digital mediated communication is anchored by the diversity of places and the mobility of people, data, and objects.
Effects of the Covid-19 Measures on the Economy and the Environment
Authors: Stallinga Peter , Khmelinskii Igor
Published: September 2021

The effects of the Covid-19 pandemic and governmental countermeasures are described in this work by putting it in the framework of the Energy Theory of Value. It is found that the downturn in economy is not accompanied by an equal downturn in energy consumption nor of carbon emissions. Moreover, not even the empirical fifth-power law linking the former two is any longer sustained, more so proving the state of virtualization of our economy (disconnecting it from a physical reality). It is also found that the reduction of carbon emissions had no impact on the dynamics of carbon in the atmosphere, which goes on business as usual. All these results undermine the planned policies of the world agenda.
Assessing the change in disease severity based on depressive symptoms in real-world psoriasis patients
Authors: Shahriari Neda , Mattessich Sarah , Lin Tin-Chi , Litman Heather J , McLean Robert R , Dube Blessing , Shahriari Mona
Published: September 2021

Aim:
To evaluate whether the presence of a history of depression hinders psoriasis response to systemic therapies and to delineate baseline characteristics of patients whose depressive symptoms improved on systemic treatment.
Methods:
We studied patients within the Corrona
®
Psoriasis Registry, a prospective, multicenter observational disease-based registry, that were enrolled through September 2018, comparing changes from enrollment to 12-month visit.
Results:
There was a statistically significant improvement in all disease characteristics and most patient-reported outcomes in patients reporting a history of depression and in those that did not while there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of change comparing these two cohorts. Patients who noted improvement in depressive symptoms had more severe baseline disease characteristics and reported overall worse baseline patient-reported outcomes.
Conclusions:
History of depression does not portend a differential response to systemic treatment. Patients with improvement in depressive symptoms had worse baseline characteristics.
Are treatment effects consistent with hypothesized mechanisms of action proposed for postoperative delirium interventions? Reanalysis of systematic reviews
Authors: Boxell Emily G , Malik Yuhaniz , Wong Jeyinn , Lee Min Hyung , Berntsson Hannah M , Lee Matthew J , Bourne Richard S , McCullagh Iain J , Hind Daniel , Wilson Matthew J
Published: September 2021

Aim:
Postoperative delirium (POD) is associated with increased morbidity and is poorly understood. The aim of this review was to identify putative mechanisms through re-analysis of randomized trials on treatment or prevention of POD.
Materials & methods:
A systematic review was performed to identify systematic reviews of treatments for POD. Constituent randomized controlled trials were identified, and interventions were grouped according to hypothesized mechanisms of action. Effects were meta-analyzed by hypothesized mechanism and timing of intervention.
Results:
A total of 116 randomized controlled trials described 47 individual interventions for POD, with nine mechanisms identified. The largest effects were observed for postoperative inflammation reduction, and preoperative reinforcement of sleep–wake cycle.
Conclusion:
This approach identifies treatments focused on mechanisms of action that may be front runners for future trials and interventions.
Bradykinin receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Coulson Joseph , Couture Réjean , Faussner Alexander , Gobeil Jr Fernand , Leeb-Lundberg Fredrik , Marceau Francois , Muller-Esterl Werner , Pettibone Doug , Zuraw Bruce
Published: September 2021

Bradykinin (or kinin) receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR subcommittee on Bradykinin (kinin) Receptors [91]) are activated by the endogenous peptides bradykinin (BK), [des-Arg9]bradykinin, Lys-BK (kallidin), [des-Arg10]kallidin, [Phospho-Ser6]-Bradykinin, T-kinin (Ile-Ser-BK), [Hyp3]bradykinin and Lys-[Hyp3]-bradykinin. Variation in pharmacology and activity of B1 and B2 receptor antagonists at species orthologs has been documented. icatibant (Hoe140, Firazir) is approved in North America and Europe for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema.
E3 ubiquitin ligase components in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Faccenda Elena , Layfield Robert
Published: September 2021

Ubiquitination (a.k.a. ubiquitylation) is a protein post-translational modification that typically requires the sequential action of three enzymes: E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzymes), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes), and E3 (ubiquitin ligases) [19]. Ubiquitination of proteins can target them for proteasomal degradation, or modulate cellular processes including cell cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair and signal transduction. E3 ubiquitin ligases, of which there are >600 in humans, are a family of highly heterogeneous proteins and protein complexes that recruit ubiquitin-loaded E2 enzymes to mediate transfer of the ubiquitin molecule from the E2 to protein substrates. Target substrate specificity is determined by a substrate recognition subunit within the E3 complex.
Class A Orphans in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Alexander Stephen P.H. , Battey Jim , Benson Helen E. , Benya Richard V. , Bonner Tom I. , Davenport Anthony P. , Dhanachandra Singh Khuraijam , Eguchi Satoru , Harmar Anthony , Holliday Nick , Jensen Robert T. , Karnik Sadashiva , Kostenis Evi , Liew Wen Chiy , Monaghan Amy E. , Mpamhanga Chido , Neubig Richard , Pawson Adam J , Pin Jean-Philippe , Sharman Joanna L. , Spedding Michael , Spindel Eliot , Stoddart Leigh , Storjohann Laura , Thomas Walter G. , Tirupula Kalyan , Vanderheyden Patrick
Published: September 2021

Table 1 lists a number of putative GPCRs identified by NC-IUPHAR [161], for which preliminary evidence for an endogenous ligand has been published, or for which there exists a potential link to a disease, or disorder. These GPCRs have recently been reviewed in detail [121]. The GPCRs in Table 1 are all Class A, rhodopsin-like GPCRs. Class A orphan GPCRs not listed in Table 1 are putative GPCRs with as-yet unidentified endogenous ligands.Table 1: Class A orphan GPCRs with putative endogenous ligands GPR3GPR4GPR6GPR12GPR15GPR17GPR20 GPR22GPR26GPR31GPR34GPR35GPR37GPR39 GPR50GPR63GRP65GPR68GPR75GPR84GPR87 GPR88GPR132GPR149GPR161GPR183LGR4LGR5 LGR6MAS1MRGPRDMRGPRX1MRGPRX2P2RY10TAAR2 In addition the orphan receptors GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 which are reported to respond to endogenous agents analogous to the endogenous cannabinoid ligands have been grouped together (GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119).
SLC15 family of peptide transporters in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Thwaites David T. , Verri Tiziano
Published: September 2021

The Solute Carrier 15 (SLC15) family of peptide transporters, alias H+-coupled oligopeptide cotransporter family, is a group of membrane transporters known for their key role in the cellular uptake of di- and tripeptides (di/tripeptides). Of its members, SLC15A1 (PEPT1) chiefly mediates intestinal absorption of luminal di/tripeptides from overall dietary protein digestion, SLC15A2 (PEPT2) mainly allows renal tubular reuptake of di/tripeptides from ultrafiltration and brain-to-blood efflux of di/tripeptides in the choroid plexus, SLC15A3 (PHT2) and SLC15A4 (PHT1) interact with both di/tripeptides and histidine, e.g. in certain immune cells, and SLC15A5 has unknown physiological function. In addition, the SLC15 family of peptide transporters variably interacts with a very large number of peptidomimetics and peptide-like drugs. It is conceivable, based on the currently acknowledged structural and functional differences, to divide the SLC15 family of peptide transporters into two subfamilies [3].
Eicosanoid turnover in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Izzo Angelo A. , Mitchell Jane A.
Published: September 2021

Eicosanoids are 20-carbon fatty acids, where the usual focus is the polyunsaturated analogue arachidonic acid and its metabolites. Arachidonic acid is thought primarily to derive from phospholipase A2 action on membrane phosphatidylcholine, and may be re-cycled to form phospholipid through conjugation with coenzyme A and subsequently glycerol derivatives. Oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid is conducted through three major enzymatic routes: cyclooxygenases; lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450-like epoxygenases, particularly CYP2J2. Isoprostanes are structural analogues of the prostanoids (hence the nomenclature D-, E-, F-isoprostanes and isothromboxanes), which are produced in the presence of elevated free radicals in a non-enzymatic manner, leading to suggestions for their use as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Molecular targets for their action have yet to be defined.
Pattern recognition receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Bryant Clare , Monie Tom P.
Published: September 2021

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs, [104]) (nomenclature as agreed by NC-IUPHAR sub-committee on Pattern Recognition Receptors, [18]) participate in the innate immune response to microbial agents, the stimulation of which leads to activation of intracellular enzymes and regulation of gene transcription. PRRs express multiple leucine-rich regions to bind a range of microbially-derived ligands, termed PAMPs or pathogen-associated molecular patterns or endogenous ligands, termed DAMPS or damage-associated molecular patterns. These include peptides, carbohydrates, peptidoglycans, lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and nucleic acids. PRRs include both cell-surface and intracellular proteins. PRRs may be divided into signalling-associated members, identified here, and endocytic members, the function of which appears to be to recognise particular microbial motifs for subsequent cell attachment, internalisation and destruction. Some are involved in inflammasome formation, and modulation of IL-1β cleavage and secretion, and others in the initiation of the type I interferon response. PRRs included in the Guide To PHARMACOLOGY are:Catalytic PRRs (see links below this overview)Toll-like receptors (TLRs)Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs, also known as NOD (Nucleotide oligomerisation domain)-like receptors)RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs)Caspase 4 and caspase 5 Non-catalytic PRRsAbsent in melanoma (AIM)-like receptors (ALRs)C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs)Other pattern recognition receptorsAdvanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor (RAGE)
Melanocortin receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Caruso Vanni , Chai Biao-Xin , Clark Adrian J. L. , Cone Roger D. , Eberle Alex N. , Farooqi Sadaf , Fong Tung M. , Gantz Ira , Haskell-Luevano Carrie , Hruby Victor J. , Mountjoy Kathleen G. , Pouton Colin , Schiöth Helgi , Tatro Jeffrey B. , Wikberg Jarl E. S.
Published: September 2021

Melanocortin receptors (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [41]) are activated by members of the melanocortin family (α-MSH, β-MSH and γ-MSH forms; δ form is not found in mammals) and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH). Endogenous antagonists include agouti and agouti-related protein. ACTH(1-24) was approved by the US FDA as a diagnostic agent for adrenal function test, whilst NDP-MSH was approved by EMA for the treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria. Several synthetic melanocortin receptor agonists are under clinical development.
Opioid receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Borsodi Anna , Bruchas Michael , Caló Girolamo , Chavkin Charles , Christie MacDonald J. , Civelli Olivier , Connor Mark , Cox Brian M. , Devi Lakshmi A. , Evans Christopher , Höllt Volker , Henderson Graeme , Husbands Stephen , Kelly Eamonn , Kieffer Brigitte , Kitchen Ian , Kreek Mary-Jeanne , Liu-Chen Lee-Yuan , Massot Dominique , Meunier Jean-Claude , Portoghese Philip S. , Schulz Stefan , Shippenberg Toni S. , Simon Eric J. , Toll Lawrence , Traynor John R. , Ueda Hiroshi , Wong Yung H. , Zaveri Nurulain , Zimmer Andreas
Published: September 2021

Opioid and opioid-like receptors are activated by a variety of endogenous peptides including [Met]enkephalin (met), [Leu]enkephalin (leu), β-endorphin (β-end), α-neodynorphin, dynorphin A (dynA), dynorphin B (dynB), big dynorphin (Big dyn), nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ); endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 are also potential endogenous peptides. The Greek letter nomenclature for the opioid receptors, μ, δ and κ, is well established, and NC-IUPHAR considers this nomenclature appropriate, along with the symbols spelled out (mu, delta, and kappa), and the acronyms, MOP, DOP, and KOP. [121, 100, 91]. The human N/OFQ receptor, NOP, is considered 'opioid-related' rather than opioid because, while it exhibits a high degree of structural homology with the conventional opioid receptors [294], it displays a distinct pharmacology. Currently there are numerous clinically used drugs, such as morphine and many other opioid analgesics, as well as antagonists such as naloxone, however only for the μ receptor.
Proteinase-activated receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Bunnett Nigel , DeFea Kathryn , Hamilton Justin , Hollenberg Morley D. , Ramachandran Rithwik , Trejo JoAnn
Published: September 2021

Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Proteinase-activated Receptors [39]) are unique members of the GPCR superfamily activated by proteolytic cleavage of their amino terminal exodomains. Agonist proteinase-induced hydrolysis unmasks a tethered ligand (TL) at the exposed amino terminus, which acts intramolecularly at the binding site in the body of the receptor to effect transmembrane signalling. TL sequences at human PAR1-4 are SFLLRN-NH2, SLIGKV-NH2, TFRGAP-NH2 and GYPGQV-NH2, respectively. With the exception of PAR3, synthetic peptides with these sequences (as carboxyl terminal amides) are able to act as agonists at their respective receptors. Several proteinases, including neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and chymotrypsin can have inhibitory effects at PAR1 and PAR2 such that they cleave the exodomain of the receptor without inducing activation of Gαq-coupled calcium signalling, thereby preventing activation by activating proteinases but not by agonist peptides. Neutrophil elastase (NE) cleavage of PAR1 and PAR2 can however activate MAP kinase signaling by exposing a TL that is different from the one revealed by trypsin [82]. PAR2 activation by NE regulates inflammation and pain responses [111, 72] and triggers mucin secretion from airway epithelial cells [112].