bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals, and Minerals in Colored Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Roots
Authors: Zhao Shan , Zhong Lingli , Li Xi , Qin Lin , Zhou Ya , Lei Xinyu , Zheng Xingguo , Jin Keting , Pu Zhigang , Hou Xue , Song Jun , Lang Tao , Zhang Cong , Feng Junyan
Published: November 2024

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) is regarded among the most crucial crops globally because it is abundant in essential nutrients vital for human health. However, limited comprehensive information is available regarding the nutritional composition of sweet potato, which hinders its optimal utilization. This study investigated the nutritional and chemical composition of sweet potato roots and explored their interrelationships. In total, 86 sweet potato accessions, comprising white, yellow, orange, and purple flesh-colored varieties, were used. A total of 34 components, including nutrients, phytochemicals, and minerals, were identified. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the relationships among these components. The sweet potato roots were rich in carbohydrates, polyphenols, and minerals. Carbohydrates were primarily composed of total starch (22.6–69.7 g/100 g DW), total soluble sugar (TSS) (10.3–40.0 g/100 g DW), and total dietary fiber (TDF) (7.99–26.0 g/100 g DW). Polyphenols included total caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) (0.478–14.2 g/kg DW), total anthocyanins (0–2003 mg/kg DW), and β-carotene (0–133 mg/kg DW). The mineral content followed the order: potassium > calcium > phosphorus > sodium > magnesium > iron > manganese > zinc > copper > selenium. White-fleshed sweet potato exhibited high total starch levels (50.4 g/100 g DW) but low TSS levels (21.1 g/100 g DW). Orange-fleshed sweet potato contained high levels of TSS (26.5 g/100 g DW), TDF (17.9 g/100 g DW), and β-carotene (61.4 mg/100 g DW) but low levels of protein (2.99 g/100 g DW) and total starch (43.0 g/100 g DW). Purple-fleshed sweet potato had high levels of phytochemicals, particularly total CQAs (8.17 g/kg DW) and anthocyanins (904 mg/kg DW). Cluster analysis categorized sweet potato accessions into six clusters with unique characteristics. Furthermore, principal component analysis identified accessions with exceptionally high nutritional content. The correlation analysis indicated that starch was negatively correlated with soluble sugar and TDF, whereas CQAs and anthocyanins were highly positively correlated. These findings offer a solid theoretical foundation for sweet potato breeding and utilization.
Stellar Ages of TESS Stars, Adopting Spectroscopic Data from Gaia GSP-Spec
Authors: Denis Elisa , de Laverny Patrick , Miglio Andrea , Recio-Blanco Alejandra , Alonso Palicio Pedro , Montalban Josefina , Abia Carlos
Published: November 2024

The Gaia DR3 GSP-spec/TESS (GST) catalog combines asteroseismic data from NASA’s TESS mission with spectroscopic data from ESA’s Gaia mission, and contains about 116,000 Red Clump and Red Giant Branch stars, surpassing previous datasets in size and precision. The Bayesian tool PARAM is used to estimate stellar ages using MESA models for, currently, 30,297 stars. This GST catalog, which includes kinematics and chemical information, is adopted for studying the Milky Way’s structure and evolution, in particular its thin and thick disk components.
Planting Seeds of Change in Foodstyles: Growing Brand Strategies to Foster Plant-Based Alternatives Through Online Platforms
Authors: Bonetti Gino Gabriel , van Hooven Chelsea , Onorati Maria Giovanna
Published: November 2024

This article delves into the landscape of the plant-based food industry, exploring innovative market entry strategies and their interplay with the evolving food market and shifting consumer preferences and lifestyles. Adopting a multidimensional approach, the study reflects diverse perspectives at play. Through a comparative analysis of strategic promotion and growth strategies employed by both innovative startups and established industry giants in the plant-based alternatives sector in Germany, the study aims to capture the challenges faced by the ‘newer’ wave of plant-based alternatives. This examination is particularly relevant for navigating the complexities of entering a competitive market. Striving to penetrate evolving consumer lifestyles, the study draws insightful comparisons with their “older” counterparts. In addition, through in-depth interviews with selected companies, the study investigates the entry methods of startups venturing into the German market, aiming to identify parallels and contrasts in market strategies with established brands. This provides valuable insights into innovation within the alternative food market. Furthermore, the study explores the process of brand “platformization” by scrutinizing the websites of the selected companies and analyzing customers’ online reviews of their brand experience. This comprehensive analysis unveils distinctive patterns in communication strategies, brand positioning, and consumer engagement, offering insights into the ways plant-based innovation shapes new, caring lifestyles. The main findings include a strong correlation among dimensions related to food quality, use, and taste, indicating a holistic approach to food consumption facilitated by online platforms.
Factors Influencing Person-Centered Care Among Psychiatric Nurses in Hospitals
Authors: Lee Ji Su , Jang Mi Heui , Sun Min Jung
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between psychiatric nurses’ empathy, teamwork, nursing work environment, and the degree of person-centered care, as well as to identify factors influencing person-centered care (PCC). Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted from 11 January to 19 January 2024, using four validated questionnaires. Results: Participants included 167 psychiatric nurses with more than one year of clinical experience working in South Korea. Person-centered care was positively correlated (p < 0.001) with empathy, teamwork, and the nursing work environment. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing person-centered care among psychiatric nurses. The analysis revealed that the nursing work environment (p < 0.001), teamwork (p < 0.001), empathy (p < 0.001), type of hospital (general hospital) (p = 0.002), and age (p = 0.037) significantly influenced person-centered care, explaining 78.7%. Conclusions: Enhancing PCC among psychiatric nurses requires the development of training and educational programs that bolster empathy and teamwork. Additionally, improvements and strategic enhancements to the nursing work environment are essential.
A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Regular Dart Training on Visual Perception and Attention Level in Pre-Adolescent Children
Authors: Koçak Çalık Veli , Canlı Umut , Başal Veli , Aldhahi Monira I.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects of dart exercises on the visual perception and attention parameters of pre-adolescent students. Methods: This study included 40 pre-adolescent secondary school students (n = 20 participants in the exercise group [10 girls and 10 boys] and n = 20 participants in the control group [10 girls and 10 boys]). A pre-test of visual perception and attention was conducted prior to the start of the structured dart exercise program, which lasted 12 weeks. The exercises were performed three days a week, with each session lasting 90 min. After 12 weeks, the visual perception and d2 attention tests were administered to both the exercise and control groups. Repeated measures 2 × 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) (group × time) was conducted for statistical analysis. Results: The results show that there was a statistically significant difference in the group × time interaction for the parameters of visual perception, focusing (E2), concentration (CP), and attention level (TN-E) (p < 0.05) Conversely, there was no statistically significant difference in the parameters of psychomotor speed (TN) and selective attention (E1) (p > 0.05). In addition to the pre- and post-test scores of the control and exercise groups, it was observed that the exercise group scores showed a significant improvement compared with the control group. Conclusions: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that dart exercises can improve the visual perception and attention levels of pre-adolescent secondary school students. These results have implications for the use of dart exercises as a potential cognitive training tool in this age group. Further research could explore the long-term effects and optimal dosage of such a program.
Deep Learning and IoT-Based Ankle–Foot Orthosis for Enhanced Gait Optimization
Authors: Shefa Ferdous Rahman , Sifat Fahim Hossain , Uddin Jia , Ahmad Zahoor , Kim Jong-Myon , Kibria Muhammad Golam
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This paper proposes a method for managing gait imbalances by integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning technologies. Ankle–foot orthosis (AFO) devices are crucial medical braces that align the lower leg, ankle, and foot, offering essential support for individuals with gait imbalances by assisting weak or paralyzed muscles. This research aims to revolutionize medical orthotics through IoT and machine learning, providing a sophisticated solution for managing gait issues and enhancing patient care with personalized, data-driven insights. Methods: The smart ankle–foot orthosis (AFO) is equipped with a surface electromyography (sEMG) sensor to measure muscle activity and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor to monitor gait movements. Data from these sensors are transmitted to the cloud via fog computing for analysis, aiming to identify distinct walking phases, whether normal or aberrant. This involves preprocessing the data and analyzing it using various machine learning methods, such as Random Forest, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Transformer models. Results: The Transformer model demonstrates exceptional performance in classifying walking phases based on sensor data, achieving an accuracy of 98.97%. With this preprocessed data, the model can accurately predict and measure improvements in patients’ walking patterns, highlighting its effectiveness in distinguishing between normal and aberrant phases during gait analysis. Conclusions: These predictive capabilities enable tailored recommendations regarding the duration and intensity of ankle–foot orthosis (AFO) usage based on individual recovery needs. The analysis results are sent to the physician’s device for validation and regular monitoring. Upon approval, the comprehensive report is made accessible to the patient, ensuring continuous progress tracking and timely adjustments to the treatment plan.
Cropping and Pruning Systems of Primocane Raspberries in the Subtropical Climate
Authors: Medina Ricardo Bordignon , Bezerra Yane Caroline dos Anjos , Oliveira Ellen Rayssa , Kluge Ricardo Alfredo , Spósito Marcel Bellato
Published: November 2024

Raspberry production is limited to cold temperate areas of high latitude due to the requirement of low temperatures for flowering and fruiting from most cultivars. However, primocane cultivars, as they are less demanding in cold conditions, represent a possible alternative that suits regions with a subtropical climate. The cultivar Heritage primocane raspberry was investigated in the Cwa climate, in three production systems (PS), during two crop cycles. In PS1, canes were hard pruned at ground level after primocane fruiting. In PS2, canes were tipped to promote subapical bud break for a second harvest. In PS3, canes were tipped again after the second harvest to induce a third harvest. PS1 had the lowest yield, however, after two cycles; in plants of this system it was observed the highest root weight, and starch content. Raspberries subjected to subapical pruning show lower carbohydrate storage in the root system. The production systems had little influence on fruit qualities, in both cycles. The cultivation of cv. Heritage raspberry primocane, in the subtropical Cwa climate can be carried out with sequential pruning, allowing for the production of commercial fruits with harvests distributed over the months, without any reduction in the postharvest quality of the fruits produced.
Analysis of the Effects of Organic and Synthetic Mulching Films on the Weed, Root Yield, Essential Oil Yield, and Chemical Composition of Angelica archangelica L.
Authors: Lazarević Jovan , Vrbničanin Sava , Dragumilo Ana , Marković Tatjana , Đurović Pejčev Rada , Roljević Nikolić Svetlana , Božić Dragana
Published: November 2024

Angelica archangelica L. (Garden angelica) is a medicinal and aromatic plant from the Apiaceae family, originating from North Europe (Iceland, Greenland, and Scandinavian countries). A. archangelica is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat anxiety, insomnia, stomach and intestinal disorders, skin conditions, respiratory problems, and arthritis. This plant is generally cultivated for its root and seed where the essential oil (EO) is concentrated the most. Angelica archangelica cultivation has a lot of challenges but the main one is weed control; so, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of four different mulch types as non-chemical weed control measures on weediness, fresh root yield, and EO chemical composition and yield from A. archangelica roots. A field trial was conducted with the following six treatments: two organic mulches, two synthetic mulches, and two controls (regular hand-weeded and weeded). The results show that the most present weeds were Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare, and Polygonum lapathyfolium, but synthetic mulch foils achieved the best weed suppression (100%). These fields also achieved the highest fresh root yield in both of the experimental seasons. The highest EO yield was detected with agrotextile mulch foil at season I (0.41%, v/w) and with the weeded control (0.51%, v/w) at season II, but dominant components at both seasons were α-pinene and β-phellandrene. The results suggest that the agrotextile black and silver–brown mulch foils achieved complete weed suppression, but the agrotextile black mulch foil had a better effect on fresh root yield, EO yield, and its chemical composition.
Comparative Evaluation of Structural Characteristics of Starch from 10 Varieties of Lotus Root
Authors: Wang Fei , Xu Minghui , Jiang Yaying , Zhang Bei , Shao Yuyang , Liu Jun , Kan Juan , Zhang Man , Xiao Lixia , Qi Xiaohua , Li Liangjun , Zhao Shuping , Qian Chunlu
Published: November 2024

Starch extracted from ten lotus root varieties (Yeyong, MRHZ, Zhonghua, Suiningbaiou, Zaohua, Meirenhong, E9:11, Huchengyeou, Peixianyeou, Xin No. 5) from Jiangsu Province, China, were studied. The structural characteristics of lotus root starch were analyzed based on its physical and chemical properties, particle structure, crystal structure, layered structure, thermal properties and gel properties. The lotus root starches were generally milky white, with a starch content ranging from 81.72 to 99.54%, amylose content ranging from 15.44 to 23.54%, light transmittance between 15.30 and 26.90%, and swelling power and solubility at 22.15–29.72% and 2.00–6.00%, respectively. Among the varieties, “Suiningbaiou” had the whitest starch, while “Meirenhong” and “Suiningbaiou” had higher starch contents. “Huchengyeou” had the lowest amylose content, and “Zhonghua” showed the highest light transmittance. “Yeyong” and “Zaohua” had higher solubility, whereas “Zhonghua” had the highest swelling power. An optical, polarizing and scanning electron microscope revealed that most of the lotus starch was oval. However, starch from “Zhonghua”, “E9:11”, “Peixianyeou” and “Zaohua” was longer, whereas starch from “Meirenhong”, “MRHZ”, “Huchengyeou”, “Yeyong”, “Suiningbaiou” and “Xin No.5” was shorter. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns and 13C NMR spectroscopy indicated that “Zaohua” starch exhibited type A crystallization, while starch from the other varieties displayed type CA crystallization, with a relative crystallinity between 18.27 and 22.10%; “Huchengyeou” and “Yeyong” had higher crystallinity. Infrared spectroscopy and small-angle X diffraction analysis showed similar results for short-range order and lamella spacing. The thermal and gel properties of starch from the ten lotus root varieties also varied. The enthalpy change values of “Xin No.5” and “Yeyong” were higher, and starch from “Yeyong” and “Huchengyeou” showed a greater gel strength. Finally, factor score analysis ranked the starch quality of the top four lotus root varieties in Jiangsu as “Suiningbaiou”, “Yeyong”, “Huchengyeou”, and “Zaohua”.
Hierarchically Electrodeposited Nickel/Graphene Coatings for Improved Corrosion Resistance of Ni Foam Flow Field in PEMFC
Authors: Xia Yuzhen , Zuo Qibin , Sun Chuanfu , Hu Guilin , Fang Baizeng
Published: November 2024

Metal foams are promising materials for the flow fields of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) because of excellent mass transport characteristics and high electronic conductivity. To resolve the corrosion problem in the acidic environment under high temperature, nickel/graphene (Ni/G) composite coatings with hierarchical structures were electrodeposited on the surface of Ni foam. The effect of grain size and the distribution in the double layer was discussed. It was found that Ni/G5-10, with larger inner size and middle outer size, exhibited the best corrosion performance. Meanwhile, the corrosion current in the Tafel plots and the steady current density in constant potential analysis was lower than that obtained under steady and gradient currents. Combined with the results of XRD, XPS, and SEM, it was proven that a uniform and dense protective film was produced during the two-step electrodeposition. Moreover, the ICR value was 8.820 mΩ·cm2, which met the requirement of 2025 DOE.
Bleeding Risk of Anticoagulation Reversal Strategies Before Heart Transplantation: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Prieto-Romero Antonio , Ibañez-García Sara , García-González Xandra , Castrodeza Javier , Torroba-Sanz Beatriz , Ortiz-Bautista Carlos , Pascual-Izquierdo Cristina , Barrio-Gutiérrez José María , González-Pinto Ángel , Herranz-Alonso Ana , Sanjurjo-Sáez María
Published: November 2024

Heart transplantation (HT) poses high bleeding risks, especially for patients on anticoagulation. This study evaluates the use of idarucizumab for dabigatran (DBG) reversal compared to vitamin K antagonist (VKA) strategies in HT. A retrospective analysis of HT patients from January 2018 to December 2022, excluding those requiring ECMO immediately before or after surgery, was conducted. Outcomes included transfusion needs, re-surgery due to bleeding, ICU stay lengths, and 30-day survival. A cost analysis compared the direct expenses of each strategy. Among 34 patients, 20 were on DBG and 14 on VKAs or not anticoagulated. Idarucizumab significantly reduced the number of patients requiring transfusion (p = 0.034) and ICU stay lengths (p = 0.014), with no significant impact on re-surgery rates (p = 0.259) or survival (p = 0.955). Despite higher initial costs, overall expenses for idarucizumab were comparable to VKA reversal due to reduced transfusion needs and shorter ICU stays. Idarucizumab offers a viable and potentially cost-neutral anticoagulation reversal option for HT patients on DBG, presenting an alternative to VKA strategies. However, due to the retrospective nature of the study and the small sample size, further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Intracore Natural Circulation Study in the High Temperature Test Facility
Authors: Gutowska Izabela , Kile Robert , Woods Brian G. , Brown Nicholas R.
Published: November 2024

The development of the Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor is a significant milestone in advanced nuclear reactor technology. One of the concerns for the reactor’s safe operation is the effects of a loss-of-flow accident (LOFA) where the coolant circulators are tripped, and forced coolant flow through the core is lost. Depending on the steam generator placement, loop or intracore natural circulation develops to help transfer heat from the core to the reactor cavity, cooling system. This paper investigates the fundamental physical phenomena associated with intracore coolant natural circulation flow in a one-sixth Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of the Oregon State University High Temperature Test Facility (OSU HTTF) following a loss-of-flow accident transient. This study employs conjugate heat transfer and steady-state flow along with an SST k-ω turbulence model to characterize the phenomenon of core channel-to-channel natural convection. Previous studies have revealed the importance of complex flow distribution in the inlet and outlet plenums with the potential to generate hot coolant jets. For this reason, complete upper and lower plenum volumes are included in the analyzed computational domain. CFD results also include parametric studies performed for a mesh sensitivity analysis, generated using the STAR-CCM+ software. The resulting channel axial velocities and flow directions support the test facility scaling analysis and similarity group distortions calculation.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Predicting Onychomycosis in Patients with and Without Diabetes Mellitus in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Navarro-Pérez David , Lázaro-Martínez José Luis , García-Oreja Sara , Pérez-Pérez Teresa , Álvaro-Afonso Francisco Javier , Tardáguila-García Aroa
Published: November 2024

Background: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of onychomycosis (ONM) and its causative pathogens in populations with and without diabetes in Spain. The association between the presence of ONM, different risk factors, and comorbidities was also examined. Methodology: A total of 160 patients with diabetes and 160 individuals without diabetes were recruited consecutively. A single investigator recorded the relative data of each patient and sampled nail dust and detritus for microbiological culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses of patients who showed clinical signs of fungal infection. Results: The prevalence of ONM was 36.88% (59/160) in the population with diabetes, 17.5% (28/160) in the population without diabetes, and 34.35% (45/131) in the population with diabetic foot. Dermatophyte fungi were most frequently identified, although the proportion was higher among those without diabetes than those with diabetes (19/28 and 28/59, respectively). However, the rate of mixed infections was higher in the population with diabetes compared to those without diabetes (13/59 and 2/28, respectively). A statistically significant association was found between the presence of diabetes and the risk of ONM (p < 0.001; odds ratio (OR) = 2.754; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.652–4.679). The risk factors associated with ONM among the patients with diabetes were a history of minor amputation, revascularisation, or cardiovascular disease, a low educational level, HbA1c values > 7%, hyperkeratosis, and subungual detritus. Among the patients without diabetes, nail thickening and chromonychia were associated with ONM. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the early diagnosis of ONM and knowledge of risk factors among patients with diabetes could enable the prevention of ONM, complications, and serious injuries through education for professionals and patients.
Discovery of Alanomyces manoharacharyi: A Novel Fungus Identified Using Genome Sequencing and Metabolomic Analysis
Authors: Rana Shiwali , Singh Sanjay K.
Published: November 2024

In this study, a new species of Alanomyces was isolated as an endophyte from the bark of Azadirachta indica from Mulshi, Maharashtra. The identity of this isolate was confirmed based on the asexual morphological characteristics as well as multi-gene phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) regions. As this was the second species to be reported in this genus, we sequenced the genome of this species to increase our knowledge about the possible applicability of this genus to various industries. Its genome length was found to be 35.01 Mb, harboring 7870 protein-coding genes as per Augustus and 8101 genes using GeMoMa. Many genes were annotated using the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) database, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), Swiss-Prot, NCBI non-redundant nucleotide sequences (NTs), and NCBI non-redundant protein sequences (NRs). The number of repeating sequences was predicted using Proteinmask and RepeatMasker; tRNA were detected using tRNAscan and snRNA were predicted using rfam_scan. The genome was also annotated using the Pathogen–Host Interactions Database (PHI-base) and AntiSMASH. To confirm the evolutionary history, average nucleotide identity (ANIb), phylogeny based on orthologous proteins, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were carried out. Metabolic profiling of the methanolic extract of dried biomass and ethyl acetate extract of the filtrate revealed a variety of compounds of great importance in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. The characterization and genomic analysis of the newly discovered species Alanomyces manoharacharyi highlights its potential applicability across multiple industries, particularly in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics due to its diverse secondary metabolites and unique genetic features it possesses.
The Role of Digital Technologies in Corporate Sustainability: A Bibliometric Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Alshdaifat Sajead Mowafaq , Aziz Noor Hidayah Ab , Alhasnawi Mushtaq Yousif , Alharasis Esraa Esam , Al Qadi Fatima , Al Amosh Hamzeh
Published: November 2024

This study aims to analyze trends, pioneers, emerging issues, and potential future research in the field of digital technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, big data, fintech, and digital transformation for corporate sustainability. Using VOSviewer, R-studio, and BiblioMagika, this bibliometric review analyses 1251 articles published between 1995 and 2024 from the Scopus database. It highlights gaps in the knowledge and possible areas for further research in digital technologies and sustainability. Based on the findings, it can be determined that recent scholarly work has focused on topics such as digitalisation and sustainability, AI and sustainable development, blockchain and environmental technology, financial technology and green innovation, and energy policy and carbon emissions. This study is useful in helping emerging scholars identify and understand current trends in digital technologies and sustainability.
Spatiotemporal Changes and Influencing Factors of the Coupled Production–Living–Ecological Functions in the Yellow River Basin, China
Authors: Lu Zidao , Zhang Maomao , Hu Chunguang , Ma Lianlong , Chen Enqing , Zhang Cheng , Xia Guozhen
Published: November 2024

The imbalance in the “production–living–ecology” function (PLEF) has become a major issue for global cities due to the rapid advancement of urbanization and industrialization worldwide. The realization of PLEF coupling and coordination is crucial for a region’s sustainable development. Existing research has defined the concept of PLEF from the perspective of land function and measured its coupling coordination level using relevant models. However, there is still room for improvement in the indicator system, research methods, and other aspects. This work builds a PLEF coupling coordination evaluation-index system based on the perspective of human habitat using multi-source data in order to examine the spatial differences in PLEF coupling coordination level and the influencing factors in the Yellow River Basin (YRB). Using the modified coupling coordination model, the Moran index, spatial Markov chain model, and geographically weighted random forest model were introduced to analyze its spatial and temporal differentiation and influencing factors. The results found that (a) the level of PLEF coupling coordination in the YRB from 2010 to 2022 has been improving, and the number of severely imbalanced cities has been reduced from 23 to 15, but the level of downstream cities’ coupling coordination is significantly higher than that of upstream cities. The probability of cities maintaining their own level is greater than 50%, and there is basically no cross-level transfer. (b) The Moran index of the PLEF coupling coordination level has risen from 0.137 to 0.229, which shows a significant positive clustering phenomenon and is continually strengthening. The intercity polarization effect is being continually enhanced as seen in the LISA clustering diagram. (c) There is significant heterogeneity between the influencing factors in time and space. In terms of importance level, the series is per capita disposable income (0.416) > nighttime lighting index (0.370) > local general public budget expenditure (0.332) > number of beds per 1000 people (0.191) > NO2 content in the air (0.110). This study systematically investigates the dynamic evolution of the coupled coordination level of PLEF in the YRB and its influencing mechanism, which is of great practical use.
Tundra Nenets: A Heritage Language in Its Own Land? Linguistic Identity and Language Loss
Authors: Berezovskaya Polina
Published: November 2024

Through fieldwork conducted between 2014 and 2016 in Arkhangelsk, Naryan-Mar, Krasnoye, and Saint Petersburg, this paper investigates the endangered status of Tundra Nenets, an underrepresented and understudied Samoyedic minority language in northern Russia. Criteria for assessing language endangerment are applied to Tundra Nenets while also taking into consideration the interplay between language identity, reactive ethnicity, negative attitudes, and state politics. The personal story of NC, a Tundra Nenets woman, serves as a case study and exemplifies the impact of decades of marginalization, stigmatization, and discrimination on the cultural and linguistic identity. NC’s narrative illustrates how negative attitudes are exacerbating the decline of Tundra Nenets, further threatening its survival. Because of its absence from schools and institutions, Tundra Nenets seems to be turning into a heritage language in its own homeland. This paper studies the complex interplay between identity, language, and societal pressures, illustrating the broader challenges faced by the Tundra Nenets and other minority communities in maintaining their linguistic and cultural heritage. While the situation remains dire and political action is called for, efforts in boosting language awareness, documentation, and revitalization offer potential pathways for the preservation of Tundra Nenets, drawing on successful examples from other endangered language communities.
Mechanical and Tribological Properties of (AlCrNbSiTiMo)N High-Entropy Alloy Films Prepared Using Single Multiple-Element Powder Hot-Pressed Sintered Target and Their Practical Application in Nickel-Based Alloy Milling
Authors: Horng Jeng-Haur , Kao Wen-Hsien , Lin Wei-Chen , Chang Ren-Hao
Published: November 2024

(AlCrNbSiTiMo)N high-entropy alloy films with different nitrogen contents were deposited on tungsten carbide substrates using a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering system. Two different types of targets were used in the sputtering process: a hot-pressing sintered AlCrNbSiTi target fabricated using a single powder containing multiple elements and a vacuum arc melting Mo target. The deposited films were denoted as RN0, RN33, RN43, RN50, and RN56, where RN indicates the nitrogen flow ratio relative to the total nitrogen and argon flow rate (RN = (N2/(N2 + Ar)) × 100%). The as-sputtered films were vacuum annealed, with the resulting films denoted as HRN0, HRN33, HRN43, HRN50, and HRN56, respectively. The effects of the nitrogen content on the composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological properties of the films, in both as-sputtered and annealed states, underwent thorough analysis. The RN0 and RN33 films displayed non-crystalline structures. However, with an increase in nitrogen content, the RN43, RN50, and RN56 films transitioned to FCC structures. Among the as-deposited films, the RN43 film exhibited the best mechanical and tribological properties. All of the annealed films, except for the HRN0 film, displayed an FCC structure. In addition, they all formed an MoO3 solid lubricating phase, which reduced the coefficient of friction and improved the anti-wear performance. The heat treatment HRN43 film displayed the supreme hardness, H/E ratio, and adhesion strength. It also demonstrated excellent thermal stability and the best wear resistance. As a result, in milling tests on Inconel 718, the RN43-coated tool demonstrated a significantly lower flank wear and notch wear, indicating an improved machining performance and extended tool life. Thus, the application of the RN43 film in aerospace manufacturing can effectively reduce the tool replacement cost.
Influence of Phase Composition and Morphology on the Calcium Ion Release of Several Classical and Hybrid Endodontic Cements
Authors: Dimitrova Ivanka , Gentscheva Galia , Spassova Ivanka , Kovacheva Daniela
Published: November 2024

The ability of the cement to release calcium ions, which participate in the remineralization of dentin by forming apatite which improves root canal sealing with time, is of particular importance. Five recently introduced calcium-silicate commercial dental cements were investigated with a view to the influence of the physicochemical characteristics on the possibility of releasing calcium ions in an aqueous medium. Two hybrid calcium-silicate cements in the form of a paste-like ready mix (BioCal® Cap and TheraCal LC) and three calcium-silicate cements consisting of two components—powder and liquid (Harvard MTA Universal, Rootdent, and BioFactor) were subjected to powder XRD, SEM, and EDS for detailed examination. The cements were immersed in water for 28 days and the phase composition and morphology of the cements before and after soaking were studied. The total calcium release for each cement was determined by ICP-OES. BioFactor and BioCal® Cap release the highest amount of calcium ions, while the lowest release is registered with Rootdent and TheraCal LC. The PDT treatment of BioFactor does not influence substantially the calcium release. The impact of the elemental and phase composition on the calcium release and calcium carbonate formation was discussed. A reciprocal relation between the aluminum content and the quantity of the released calcium has been found.
Test Results and Considerations for Design Improvements of L-CADEL v.3 Elbow-Assisting Device
Authors: Ceccarelli Marco , Kotov Sergei , Ofonaike Earnest , Russo Matteo
Published: November 2024

The elbow-assisting device, L-CADEL, was analyzed by testing a prototype of design version three (v3) with the aim of discussing design improvements to solve problems and improve operational performance. The test results reported are from a lab testing campaign with 15 student volunteers from the engineering and physiotherapy disciplines. The main aspects of attention of the reported investigation are data analyses for motion diagnostics, comfort in wearing, operation efficiency, and the mechanical design of the arm platform and cable tensioning.
A Study on the Effect of Cutting Temperature on CFRP Hole Wall Damage in Continuous Drilling Process
Authors: Zhang Chong , Chen Feiyu , Song Dongxue , Liu Jiale , Xu Qingsong , Zhou Qunli , Wang Haoyu
Published: November 2024

In the assembly process of aerospace parts, drilling is essential for carbon fiber-reinforced materials. However, due to the extreme thermal sensitivity of these composites, continuous drilling often leads to irreparable defects such as hole wall burns and exit delamination caused by concentrated cutting heat, resulting in the scrapping of parts. To address this issue, this paper explores the impact of temperature characteristics on drilling quality, providing guidance for optimizing the composite drilling process. A simulation model for single and continuous drilling was established to analyze the temperature distribution on the tool surface during drilling. A drilling temperature measurement system based on thin-film thermocouple technology was developed, enabling real-time online temperature monitoring. Continuous drilling experiments were conducted, analyzing the correlation between maximum drilling temperature and hole quality. Results show that temperatures from −25.75 °C to −9.75 °C and from 182 °C to 200.75 °C cause significant exit damage, while optimal hole quality is achieved between −1.25 °C and 168 °C.
Convective Heat Transfer in Uniformly Accelerated and Decelerated Turbulent Pipe Flows
Authors: Essarroukh Ismael , López José M.
Published: November 2024

This study presents a detailed investigation of the temporal evolution of the Nusselt number (Nu) in uniformly accelerated and decelerated turbulent pipe flows under a constant heat flux using direct numerical simulations. The influence of different acceleration and deceleration rates on heat transfer is systematically studied, addressing a gap in the previous research. The simulations confirm several key experimental findings, including the presence of three distinct phases in the Nusselt number temporal response—delay, recovery, and quasi-steady phases—as well as the characteristics of thermal structures in unsteady pipe flow. In accelerated flows, the delay in the turbulence response to changes in velocity results in reduced heat transfer, with average Nu values up to 48% lower than those for steady-flow conditions at the same mean Reynolds number. Conversely, decelerated flows exhibit enhanced heat transfer, with average Nu exceeding steady values by up to 42% due to the onset of secondary instabilities that amplify turbulence. To characterize the Nu response across the full range of acceleration and deceleration rates, a new model based on a hyperbolic tangent function is proposed, which provides a more accurate description of the heat transfer response than previous models. The results suggest the potential to design unsteady periodic cycles, combining slow acceleration and rapid deceleration, to enhance heat transfer compared to steady flows.
Full Forward Kinematics of Lower-Mobility Planar Parallel Continuum Robots
Authors: Altuzarra Oscar , Urizar Mónica , Bilbao Kerman , Hernández Alfonso
Published: November 2024

In rigid lower-mobility parallel manipulators the motion of the end-effector is partially constrained due to a combination of passive kinematic pairs and rigid components. Translational mechanisms, such as the Delta manipulator, are the most common ones among this type of mechanisms. When flexible elements are introduced, as in Parallel Continuum Manipulators, the constraint is no longer rigid, and new challenges arise in performing certain motions depending on the degree of compliance. Mobility analysis shifts from being purely a geometric issue to one that heavily relies on force distribution within the mechanism. Simply converting classical lower-mobility rigid parallel mechanisms into Parallel Continuum Mechanisms may yield unexpected outcomes. This work, making use of a planar parallel continuum Delta manipulator, on the one hand, presents two different approaches to solve the Forward Kinematics of planar continuum manipulators, and, on the other hand, explores some challenges and issues in assessing the resultant workspace for different design alternatives of this kind of flexible manipulators.
Acute Coronary Syndrome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Incidence, Risk Factors and Impact on the Outcome
Authors: Meška Džiugas , Schroer Sebastian , Odensass Svenja , Gümüs Meltem , Rieß Christoph , Dinger Thiemo F. , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Engel Adrian , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Ahmadipour Yahya , Li Yan , Dammann Philipp , Sure Ulrich , Jabbarli Ramazan
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) strongly affects further neuro-intensive care management. We aimed to analyze the incidence, risk factors and clinical impact of ACS in aSAH patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis included 855 aSAH cases treated between 01/2003 and 06/2016. The occurrence of ACS during 3 weeks of aSAH was documented. Patients’ demographic, clinical, radiographic and laboratory characteristics at admission were collected as potential ACS predictors. The association between ACS and the aSAH outcome was analyzed as the occurrence of cerebral infarcts in the computed tomography scans and unfavorable outcome (modified Rankin scale > 3) at 6 months after aSAH. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. Results: ACS was documented in 28 cases (3.3%) in the final cohort (mean age: 54.9 years; 67.8% females). In the multivariable analysis, there was a significant association between ACS, an unfavorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.43, p = 0.027) and a borderline significance with cerebral infarcts (aOR = 2.5, p = 0.066). The final prediction model for ACS occurrence included five independent predictors (age > 55 years [1 point], serum sodium < 142 mmol/L [3 points], blood sugar ≥ 170 mg/dL [2 points], serum creatine kinase ≥ 255 U/L [3 points] and gamma-glutamyl transferase ≥ 36 U/L [1 point]) and showed high diagnostic accuracy for ACS prediction (AUC = 0.879). Depending on the cumulative score value, the risk of ACS in the cohort varied between 0% (0 points) and 66.7% (10 points). Conclusions: ACS is a rare, but clinically very relevant, complication of aSAH. The development of ACS can reliably be predicted by the presented prediction model, which enables the early identification of aSAH individuals at high risk for ACS. External validation of the prediction model is mandatory.
A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial: Can Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy Be a Novel Method for Treating Chronic Rhinosinusitis?
Authors: Abed Elrashid Nessrien Afify , Ali Olfat Ibrahim , Ibrahim Zizi M. , El Sharkawy Mohammed A. , Bin sheeha Bodor , Amin Wafaa Mahmoud
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy offers a promising approach to treating inflammatory diseases. Its notable anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects and enhancement of microcirculation in the nasal mucosa make it a valuable treatment option. Despite its potential, the use of PEMF for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is still in its early stages, with limited exploration of its effectiveness. This study aimed to assess the impact of PEMF on alleviating symptoms such as fatigue, headaches, sinus opacifications, and ostiomeatal complex issues associated with CRS. Materials and Methods: Forty-seven patients of both genders with CRS, aged 19 to 40 years, were involved in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to either a magnetic or a control group. The magnetic group underwent a 10 min PEMF session with a 20-gauss magnetic field strength at 7 Hz thrice a week for a month. The control group received the same PEMF application as an inactive device. Before and after the intervention, researchers assessed fatigue levels with a visual analog fatigue scale (VAFS), headache intensity via a numerical pain-rating scale, and the status of sinus opacifications and ostiomeatal complex obstructions by computerized tomography (CT). Results: The study findings showed a significant reduction in fatigue and headache scores in the magnetic group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was a notable improvement in sinus opacifications and ostiomeatal complex obstructions among participants who received PEMF therapy. Conclusions: PEMF therapy effectively reduces fatigue, headaches, and sinus opacifications in CRS patients, suggesting its potential for inclusion in CRS management guidelines to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. The results of this study indicate that PEMF represents a noninvasive and cost-effective approach for treating adults with mild-to-moderate CRS.
Characteristics of Urinary Tract Infections in Patients with Diabetes from Timișoara, Romania: Prevalence, Etiology, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Uropathogens
Authors: Sorescu Teodora , Licker Monica , Timar Romulus , Musuroi Corina , Muntean Delia , Voinescu Adela , Vulcanescu Dan Dumitru , Cosnita Andrei , Musuroi Silvia-Ioana , Timar Bogdan
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Diabetic patients are more likely to develop infections compared to the general population, especially urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of UTIs in a population of patients with diabetes (DM) from Romania, to identify the most common uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, as well as to determine the correlations between resistance behavior and particularities of patients with UTIs according to DM type. Materials and Methods: The hospital records of 1282 type 1 (T1D) and type 2 DM (T2D) adult inpatients who were ordered urine cultures during hospitalization were reviewed, and all 241 patients who presented a positive urine culture were included in the present study analysis. Results: The prevalence of UTIs in diabetic patients was 18.8% and higher in patients with T2D vs. T1D. Patients with UTIs and T2D had a significantly older age, longer duration of DM, higher waist circumference and body mass index, lower levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate, and more frequent chronic complications of DM than patients with T1D. E. coli was the most frequently isolated uropathogen (56.4%), with a significantly higher incidence for T2D, followed by K. pneumoniae (12.9%) and Enterococcus spp. (9.5%). Although the acquired resistance phenotypes were more frequently isolated in T2D patients (over 90% of the multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing isolates, respectively, and 75% of the total carbapenem-resistant organisms), no statistically significant correlation was found regarding the distribution of AMR patterns in the two types of DM. Conclusions: The present study brings new data regarding the prevalence of UTIs in diabetic patients from Western Romania. By identifying the spectrum of uropathogens and their AMR pattern, this paper may contribute to improving UTI management in diabetic patients, thus reducing antibiotic overuse and preventing recurrent UTIs.
Exiguolysin, a Novel Thermolysin (M4) Peptidase from Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans
Authors: Gilmore Brendan F. , White Tracy A. , Busetti Alessandro , McAteer Matthew I. , Maggs Christine A. , Thompson Thomas P.
Published: November 2024

This study details a comprehensive biochemical and structural characterization of exiguolysin, a novel thermolysin-like, caseinolytic peptidase secreted by a marine isolate of Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans strain BW26. Exiguolysin demonstrated optimal proteolytic activity at 37 °C and pH 3, retaining 85% activity at 50 °C, highlighting its potential stability under broad reaction conditions. SDS-PAGE and LC-MS analysis identified the enzyme as a 32 kDa M4-family metalloprotease. Exiguolysin activity was inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, confirming its dependence on metal ions for activity. Zymographic analysis and substrate specificity assays revealed selective hydrolysis of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) substrates but no activity against elastase substrates. Analysis of the predicted gene sequence and structural predictions using AlphaFold identified the presence and position of HEXXH and Glu-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Asp motifs, crucial for zinc binding and catalytic activity, characteristic of ‘Glu-zincins’ and members of the M4 peptidase family. High-throughput screening of a 20 × 20 N-alpha mercaptoamide dipeptide inhibitor library against exiguolysin identified SH-CH2-CO-Met-Tyr-NH2 as the most potent inhibitor, with a Ki of 1.95 μM. Notably, exiguolysin selectively inhibited thrombin-induced PAR-1 activation in PC-3 cells, potentially indicating a potential mechanism of virulence in modulating PAR-1 signalling during infection by disarming PARs. This is the first detailed characterization of a peptidase of the M4 (thermolysin) family in the genus Exiguobacterium which may have industrial application potential and relevance as a putative virulence factor.