bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Chloroplast genomes of Gynura species:Sequence Variation, Genome Rearrangement and Divergence studies
Authors: Author) Tianyu Han(Former Corresponding , Li Mimi , Li Jiawei , Lv Han , Ren Bingru , Author) Jian Chen(New Corresponding , Li Weilin
Published: October 2019

Background Some Gynura species were reported to be natural anti-diabetic plants. The chloroplast genomes of four Gynura species were sequenced for hybridizations to improve agronomic traits. There are only 4 genera of tribe Senecioneae have published chloroplast genome in Genbank up to now. The internal relationships of the genus Gynura and the relationship of the genus Gynura with other genera in tribe Senecioneae need further researches. Results The chloroplast genome of 4 Gynura species were sequenced, assembled and annotated. Comparing with other 12 Senecioneae species, the chloroplast genome features were detailedly analyzed. Subsequently, the differences of the microsatellites and repeats type in the tribe were found. By comparison, the IR expansion and contraction is conserved in the genera Gynura, Dendrosenecio and Ligularia. The region from 25,000 to 50,000 bp is relatively not conservative but the 7 ndh genes in this region are under purifying selection with small change in amino acids. The phylogenetic tree shows two major clades, same as the sequence divergence in region 25,000 to 50,000 bp. Based on the oldest Artemisia pollen fossil, the divergence time were estimated. Conclusions Sequencing of chloroplast genome of the 4 Gynura species help us to develop abundant genetic resources. The phylogenetic relationships and divergence time among 4 Gynura and 16 Senecioneae species were sorted out by comparing the chloroplast genomes. The phylogenetic relationship of the genera Gynura and Ligularia is different with former work and further morphology and genome-wide analysis are needed to clarify the genera relationship.
(Re)translating Horace into Ukrainian Modernity: From Mykola Zerov to Andrii Sodomora
Authors: Kolomiyets Lada
Published: October 2019

This article focuses on the history of translations and the reasons for translating the Roman classics into Ukrainian in the late twentieth to early twenty-first centuries, as illustrated by the case of Horace. Translation practices, as well as the socio-cultural status and habitus of the translator-classicist, have been varied but have intersected in many respects throughout the twentieth century. This article highlights the major developments in the approach to translating Horace throughout the twentieth century. It mostly focuses on the attitudes and strategies of Mykola Zerov and Andrii Sodomora, who are among the key figures in the twentieth-century theory and practice of translation in Ukraine. The first major development comprises the critical debate regarding translation in the 1920s initiated by Mykola Khvyl'ovyi, whose position was supported by Zerov. The article discusses both the translation practice of Zerov and his reader-oriented theory of verse translation. The second crucial point consists of the revision by Sodomora, starting from the 1980s, of a paraphrasing strategy worked out by Zerov. In his retranslation strategy, applied to his earlier translations from Horace and substantiated in his literary essays, Sodomora exhibits a positive reconsideration of the role and importance of literalist precision in translating the Roman classics, as exemplified by Horace. Sodomora’s evolving approach toward higher precision in translating the classics stems from a close reading of the authentic cultural contexts, structural poetics, philosophical messages, and hidden intertextuality of the source texts. Also, it resonates with Walter Benjamin’s model of literalism, which in many respects appears useful when applied to post-Soviet literary conditions in Ukraine.
Review of Bohdan Halczak. Dzieje Łemków od średniowiecza do współczesności.
Authors: Moklak Jarosław
Published: October 2019

Book review of Bohdan Halczak. Dzieje Łemków od średniowiecza do współczesności [History of the Lemkos from the Middle Ages to the Present Day]. Tyrsa, 2014. 324 pp. Maps. Tables. Bibliography. Indexes. PLN 25,00, paper.
Review of Cinzia D. Solari. On the Shoulders of Grandmothers: Gender, Migration, and Post-Soviet Nation-State Building.
Authors: Dean Laura A.
Published: October 2019

Book review of Cinzia D. Solari. On the Shoulders of Grandmothers: Gender, Migration, and Post-Soviet Nation-State Building. Routledge, 2018. xiv, 258 pp. Illustrations. Tables. Appendix. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $41.95, paper.
Use of Cowpea to Manage Soil Phosphorus Accumulation from Poultry Litter Applications in a Cool-season Vegetable Rotation
Authors: Alsup Clydette , Kahn Brian A.
Published: October 2019

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.)] cover crops were grown in a rotation with broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), and turnip greens [Brassica rape L. var. (DC.) Metzg. utilis] to evaluate the legume's ability to remove excess P from soils when poultry litter was used as a fertilizer. Fertilizer treatments were litter to meet each crop's recommended preplant N requirements (1X), litter at twice the recommended rate, and urea at the IX rate as the control. Following the vegetable crops, cowpeas were planted on half of each replication, while the other half was fallowed. The cowpeas were harvested for green-shell seeds and then underwent a simulated haying operation. Soil samples were taken at 0-to 15-cm and 15- to 30-cm depths at the onset of the study and after each crop to monitor plant nutrient levels. The cowpeas effectively lowered soil N levels but not soil P levels. However, there was no consistent evidence of an increase in soil P or K levels with litter applications. All three vegetable crops were successfully grown using poultry litter, although the 1X rate appeared inadequate for maximum production of broccoli and turnip greens.
Performance of Peach and Nectarine Cultivars in the Gulf Coast Area of Alabama
Authors: Ebel R.C. , Dozier W.A. , Nesbitt M.L. , McDaniel N.R. , Powell A.A. , Caylor A. W. , Okie W.R.
Published: October 2019

There are a limited number of peach and nectarine cultivars available with chilling requirements that perform well in the Gulf Coast area of Alabama. A test planting of 40 peach and 13 nectarine cultivars was established in 1985 at the Gulf Coast Substation at Fairhope, Ala. The plot was prepared and trees grown according to commercial procedures. Blocks of four trees of each cultivar were planted on a 6 x 6-m spacing. Chill hours were calculated each year based on number of hours at or below 7.3 °C; starting from and including the first 10 consecutive days a total of 50 hours were accumulated to 15 Feb. Data collected included date of full bloom, first harvest date, and total yield. Fruit were measured or rated for skin color, attractiveness, firmness, stone freeness, pubescence, flesh color, dessert quality, shape, weight, percentage with split pits, and occurrence of malformed sutures and extended tips. All cultivars were evaluated for 9 years (1987–95). The best performing varieties are discussed.
Comparison of Postharvest and Processing Characteristics of Mayhaw
Authors: Farace Nolan , Johnson Charles E. , Wilson Paul W. , Prinvawiwatkul Witoon
Published: October 2019

Fruits from five mayhaw selections were harvested and frozen at –2 °C. Juice was extracted with a steamer and kept in storage at 5 °C until processing. Percent soluble solids, percent malic acid, initial pH, and color were then determined for postharvest characteristics. 550 mL juice was placed in a 2000-mL beaker and heated until boiling. Dry pectin mixed with a portion of the total sugar equivalent to 5–10 times the weight of the pectin was sprinkled into the boiling juice. Once pectin was in solution, the amount of sugar to obtain a ratio of ≈45 parts fruit: 55 parts sugar was added to the mixture. The mixture was cooked until the soluble solid reading reached 65% and then poured into jars to cool to room temperature. The five mayhaw jellies alone with one commercial apple and one commercial mayhaw were evaluated using a panel preference test. Evaluation was based on a scale from dislike extremely to like extremely. Preference scores indicated that mayhaw jellies were preferred to a commercially available apple jelly. There was a definite preference to deep red colored jellies. The specific varietal jellies were preferred to a commercially available mayhaw jelly.
A Practical Lysimeter for Determining Nutrient Loss by Leaching in Mulched Landscape Plantings
Authors: Mirabello R.A. , Einert A.E. , Klinaaman G.L. , Wheeler G. L.
Published: October 2019

Lysimeters have been used extensively in the study of soil water and the movement of compounds in solution. In the management of landscape plantings where the use of various fertilizer application methods is common, loss of NO3-N from the fertilizer source may limit plant growth and be less cost-effective. During a study examining the influence of mulch type (cottonseed hulls, cypress wood, pine bark, and pine straw) and fertilizer application method (granular, liquid, and time-release), a simple lysimeter was constructed to examine NO3-N loss under normal irrigation and cultural practices in annual beds. Losses of large quantities of NO3-N were initially seen in all treatments during the 1st week followed by a gradual decline to the study's end. Liquid and time-release fertilization methods contained NO3-N as a partial source of N and limited plant growth due to early rapid N loss. Granular fertilizer contained no NO3-N source and demonstrated the greatest plant growth at the lowest cost per square meter.
Slow-release Fertilizer Source and Rate Affects Fall Garden Mum Vegetative Growth
Authors: Bush Edward , Kuehny Jeff , Branch Patricia
Published: October 2019

Three slow-release fertilizer formulations (Osmocote 14–14–14, 18–6–12, and Nutricote 17–6–10) at three rates (1, 2, and 3 lb/yd3) were incorporated into 4 pine bark: 1 sand (by volume) media filling 1-gal nursery containers. Additional treatments included slow-release fertilizer formulations at 1 lb/yd3 fertigated with 100 ppm N 20–10–20 fertilizer. As fertilizer rates increased, vegetative height, width, and dry-weight accumulation generally increased for both pinched and no-pinch mum crops. Fertigated pinch and no-pinch mums were the largest plants with the greatest dry-weight accumulation for each fertilizer formulation. The high rate for all slow-release fertilizers produced the greatest vegetative growth for nonfertigated treatments. This research suggest that higher rates for incorporated slow-release fertilizers and/or fertigation are required to produce maximum vegetative growth.
`Charleston Greenpack': A New, Blackeye Cowpea Mosaic Virus-resistant, Pinkeye-type Southernpea with Green Cotyledons
Authors: Fery Richard L.
Published: October 2019

The USDA has released a new, pinkeye-type southernpea cultivar that is homozygous for the gc gene conditioning the green cotyledon trait. The new cultivar, `Charleston Greenpack', can be harvested at the near-dry stage of pod maturity without loss of the pea's fresh green color. `Charleston Greenpack' originated as a bulk of an F8 [`Kiawah' × (`Kiawah' × `Bettergreen')] population grown in 1994. Except for the green seed color, a tendency for a slightly greener foliage, and a slightly smaller pea size, the phenotype of `Charleston Greenpack' is quite similar to those of `Coronet' and `Pinkeye Purple Hull-BVR'. The results of replicated field tests indicate that `Charleston Greenpack' yields are comparable to those of `Coronet' and `Pinkeye Purple Hull-BVR'. Results of raw product evaluations conducted at a commercial freezing facility indicate that `Charleston Greenpack' produces an excellent processed product. `Charleston Greenpack' has excellent field resistance to blackeye cowpea mosaic virus, the major pathogen of southernpea in the United States.
Flower Bud Initiation in Primocane-fruiting, Tetraploid Blackberry Germplasm
Authors: Lopez-Medina Jose , Moore James N. , Kim Kyung S. , Clark John R.
Published: October 2019

Floral initiation (FI) was studied both in greenhouse- and field-grown plants of primocane-fruiting (PF) blackberries recently developed by the Univ. of Arkansas. Root cuttings of A-1836 and APF-13 were dug from the field and planted in a greenhouse on 1 Mar. 1997. NC 194 was included only in the field study. Terminal apices were sampled weekly starting at 0 (just before emergence) nodes of growth on 21 Mar. Floral primordia were first seen at five and six nodes of growth in greenhouse-grown A-1836 and APF-13, respectively, 35-42 days after root cuttings were planted (DAP). Under field conditions, the same event was not observed until 21 May when A-1836 and APF-13 reached at least 20 nodes; NC 194 did not show evidence of floral parts until 10 July. Once FI occurred, floral differentiation proceeded uninterrupted until completion. Blooming occurred 32-35 and 40-45 days after FI in APF-13 and A-1836, respectively; NC 194 bloomed in late August. The first fruits of APF-13 were harvested 120 DAP. These findings demonstrate that PF blackberries form flower buds soon after a short period of vegetative growth. This information should be useful for implementing horticultural practices, such as programming of the harvest date.
`Betasweet' Carrot Designed for Flavor, Nutrition, and Health
Authors: Pike Leonard M.
Published: October 2019

`BetaSweet' is a new “designer” carrot that was conceived as a research project with the objective to create a new high-quality vegetable with unique characteristics. The gene responsible for purple or maroon color in carrots is a natural one and has been around for many years. Carrot breeders have discarded carrots which occasionally segregated to this color because orange has been the preferred traditional color. In 1989, three carrots grown from Brazilian seed were observed to have a blotchy maroon color mixed with the normal orange. Within two generations of breeding effort I had obtained a few carrot roots with near complete maroon exterior color and orange interior. The contrast of orange and maroon was very attractive in carrots cut as coins or sticks. The maroon and orange color would serve as the perfect way to identify and promote this new variety. Several additional generations were required using extensive laboratory testing for low terpenoids (strong carrot flavors), high sugars, high carotene, and crispy texture. Thousands of carrot roots were analyzed and selected for those qualities and for the dark maroon exterior and orange interior colors. The few best for those characteristics were intercrossed, and reselected for their adaptation when grown under Texas climatic conditions.
Early Performance of Six Peach Training Systems
Authors: Blackburn Bryan , Rom Curt R.
Published: October 2019

The effects of six freestanding training systems (Open Center, Untrained, 2-Scaffold V, 4-Scaffold V, Leaning V, and Central Leader at tree densities of 161, 161, 245, 375, 375, and 300 trees/acre, respectively) on yield and tree growth of `Redhaven' on Lovell rootstock were evaluated. Open-center and untrained trees were largest and had greatest yields per tree. The 2-scaffold V had the greatest production in kilograms per acre. Early productivity was related to tree density and pruning severity, not tree size. Training systems had no effect on fruit size.
Breeding and Improvement of Chinese Chestnut
Authors: Norton J.D. , Huang Hongwen , Dane Fenny
Published: October 2019

The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) is a valuable germplasm resource for horticultural traits such as resistance to chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), excellent quality, wide adaptation, and consistent high yield. The Chinese chestnut breeding program was established at Auburn Univ. in 1933 from nuts directly introduced from China by the USDA. A recurrent selection breeding program with progeny from the 1933, 1953, and 1991 plantings with selection for blight resistance, precocity, nut size, and storage quality, yield, and pest resistance. Cultivars released from the 1933 planting were `Alaling,' `Alamore', and `Black Beauty'. `AU-Cropper', `AU-Leader', and `AU-Homestead' were named from the 1953 planting. Two blight-resistant, precocious seedlings, AU-91-P1-26 and AU-P4-26, appear to be very promising selections for improvement of all Chinese chestnut cultivars for nut size and other selection traits. Since there is little information available regarding heritability of certain traits in perennial tree species, results of 65 years of breeding at Auburn Univ. should provide us with guidance for further improvement of selection traits in chestnut breeding.
Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Rate and Methods of Delivery
Authors: Clark J.R. , Naraguma J. , Allen R.A.
Published: October 2019

A planting of sawdust-mulched highbush blueberries (cv. Bluecrop) was established on a Captina silt loam at the Univ. of Arkansas Research and Extension Center, Fayetteville, in 1994. Nitrogen rate and method of delivery treatments were begun that year and continued through the first two fruiting years (1996 and 1997). Rates included 0, 67, 134, 201, and 268 kg·ha-1 N using ammonium sulfate during the fruiting years (one-half and two-thirds these rates in 1994 and 1995, respectively), and methods of delivery included dry, surface-applied, and fertigation. Total N for the year was applied in three applications for the dry application and in 12 applications using fertigation. Neither yield nor berry mass were statistically significantly affected by N rate or method of delivery. Also, method of delivery had little effect on foliar levels of any macro- and microelements. Rate of N influenced foliar N most years, with the highest N rate increasing foliar N the greatest. The N rate required to consistently achieve adequate foliar N levels (minimum of 1.6% N) was 134 kg·ha-1. Foliar levels >2.0% were common with the two highest N rates. Foliar Mg and Mn were also influenced by N rate, with the lowest Mg level found for the highest N rate, while excess foliar Mn (800 to 100 ppm) was common with the higher N rates in 1997.
Effect of ABA and Paclobutrazol on Cold Hardiness of Blueberries
Authors: Panicker Girish K. , Matta Frank B.
Published: October 2019

Growth regulators ABA and paclobutrazol were used at different concentrations to induce hardiness in blueberry flower buds and floral parts. Critical freezing temperatures and the effectiveness of the treatments were determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA), electrolyte leakage, visual browning, and tetrazolium staining. Treatment effects of growth regulators were nonsignificant on whole flower buds, but treatments induced hardiness in floral parts on the second flush of flowers at stage six produced in April. Induction of cold hardiness by ABA and paclobutrazol was concentration dependent. The higher the concentration, the greater the response. Viability test results on each floral part showed a close relationship with the critical freezing temperatures recorded by DTA. Control treatments showed that floral parts at stage six developed in April were more prone to freezing injury compared to floral parts at stage six developed in early March.
Spring Recovery of Wetland Plants Affects Efficacy of Nutrient Removal from Nursery Runoff
Authors: Arnold Michael A. , Lesikar Bruce , Kenimer Ann , Wilkerson Don C. , Goyne Mitchell W.
Published: October 2019

The nursery/greenhouse industry is the fastest growing segment of U.S. agriculture. Consumer demand for excellent product quality requires luxury applications of water and agricultural chemicals. These cultural practices tend to yield significant volumes of runoff rich in nutrients and pesticides. A capture and recycle system at the Nursery/Floral Crops Research and Education Center at Texas A&M University was fitted with 12 subsurface flow (SSF) and 12 free-surface flow (FSF) wetland cells. Constructed wetland cells provided substantial reduction of runoff nutrient concentrations without increasing electrical conductivity, an indicator of salinity. Growth of Iris pseudacorus L. and Canna ×generalis L.H. Bailey during spring growth was greater in the FSF wetland cells, while that of Colocasia sp. Fabr. was greater in the SSF wetland cells. Equisetum hyemale L. grew equally well in both cell types. Direct reuse of nursery runoff reduced the number of Ilex vomitoria Ait. `Nana' reaching marketable size in 2.3-L containers. Interactions among irrigation water sources and container media types for growth indices occurred for Juniperus procumbens `Green Mound' and I. vomitoria `Nana', but not for Raphiolepis indica L. `Carmelita'.
Comparisons of Greenhouse to Field Selection for Yield and Quality in Sweetpotato
Authors: Main Jeff L. , Thompson Paul G. , Burdine William B.
Published: October 2019

Seedling plants from the three parents `Resisto', `Southern Delight', and `L86-33', along with three pot sizes (3.8-, 10.2-, and 17.7-cm diameters) were evaluated. Root characteristics evaluated in both the greenhouse and field included: number, length, diameter, length diameter ratio (L:D), size, skin color, flesh color, internal cambium ring (color and width), and the number of lateral and secondary roots. After greenhouse evaluation, plants were transplanted to the field. The 3.8-cm pot did not produce enough roots in the greenhouse for evaluation. In the 10.2-cm pots, greenhouse root number was correlated with the yield, root size, and L:D, and negatively correlated with skin color in the field. Flesh color was correlated with smoothness and flesh color in the field. In the 17.8-cm pots, flesh color, smoothness, and skin color in the greenhouse were correlated with the same character in the field. Skin color was also negatively correlated with smoothness in the field. No differences were found in field yield due to pot size. Results from one season showed that the 10.2-cm pot was effective for greenhouse selection of flesh color, skin color, and smoothness in seedling sweetpotato plants.
Fertilizer Effects on the Growth of Impatiens, Petunia, Salvia, and Vinca Plug Seedlings
Authors: van Iersel M.W. , Beverly R.B. , Thomas P.A. , Latimer J.G. , Mills H.A.
Published: October 2019

Good fertilizer management is important in plug seedling production of bedding plants to prevent nutrient deficiencies and toxicities. We determined the effect of N, P, and K nutrition on the growth of plugs of impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook. f.), petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Hort. Vilm.-Andr.), salvia (Salvia splendens F. Sellow ex Roem.& Schult.), and vinca (Catharanthus roseus L.). For all four species, shoot N concentration was correlated linearly with shoot dry mass of the seedlings at transplant. Phosphorus or K concentration in the nutrient solution or shoot tissue had little or no effect on the shoot growth of seedlings, but shoot P levels increased with P concentrations in the fertilizer solution (luxury consumption). Salvia was the only species that also exhibited luxury consumption of K. Results of this study indicate that seedling growth of these species is mainly determined by N and this should probably be the main focus of fertility programs in the plug industry, while P and K applications can be reduced.
Variability in Turfgrass Water Requirements on a Golf Course
Authors: Jiang Hongfei , Fry Jack D. , Wiest Steve C.
Published: October 2019

Microclimates can vary significantly across a golf course, and directly influence turf irrigation requirements. The objective of this study was to quantify the extent of this variability in water demand, and evaluate the accuracy of weather station—generated evapotranspiration (ET) estimates for determining irrigation need for one Kansas golf course. Evaporation was measured using black Bellani plate atmometers placed on four golf tees and near the weather station at the Manhattan Country Club, Manhattan, Kans., in 1995 and 1996. Evaporation was measured On a total of 62 precipitation-free summer days in 1995 and 1996. Probably because the weather station was situated over nonirrigated turf, evaporation at the weather station was up to 22% higher than that at locations on tees. Evaporation varied by >20% among tees. Evaporation on a north-facing slope was 8% lower than that on a level surface or south-facing slope. Weather station—estimated empirical ET (Penman model) was consistently higher than ET estimated from atmometer evaporation, particularly when ET was >4 mm·day-1. Superintendents should be aware of the potential variability in water demand across a golf course, and that weather-station ET estimates may differ from turf ET primarily because of microclimatic differences and potential inaccuracies in the empirical model employed by the weather station to estimate turf ET.
Improvement of Ornamental Value by Seed Selection in Double-flowered Zinnias
Authors: Miyajima Daiichiro
Published: October 2019

In double-flowered (Dbf) zinnias (Zinnia violacea Cav.), seed lots inevitably contain seeds for single-flowered (Sgf) plants. A Sgf capitulum is composed of many disk florets and some ray florets with wide ovaries. A Dbf capitulum is composed of many ray florets with ovaries of various widths. Based on differences in morphology of florets that develop in Sgf and Dbf capitula and the fact that doubling is a genetically controlled trait, seeds of two cultivars of Dbf zinnias were classified into three groups by morphology of the pericarps: thin (RT) and wide (RW) seeds (achenes) produced by ray florets, and seeds (D) produced by disk florets. Plants were grown from these seeds and the ornamental value of their capitula was evaluated. Percentage of plants with Dbf capitula and the number of ray florets in a capitulum were highest for plants from RT seeds. Thus, the ornamental value of Dbf zinnias could be heightened by selecting RT seeds.
Sequential BA Applications Enhance Offset Formation in Hosta
Authors: Garner James M. , Keever Gary J. , Eakes D. Joseph , Kessler J. Raymond
Published: October 2019

A study conducted in 1995 and repeated in 1996 determined the effects of repeated BA applications and subsequent repeated removals on yields of offsets in Hosta Tratt. (Funkia K. Spreng; Niobe Salisb.) stock plants. Two hosta cultivars, `Francee' and `Francis Williams', received zero, one, two, three, or four foliar applications of benzyladenine (BA) at 3000 mg·L-1. Plants receiving multiple applications were retreated at 30-day intervals following offset removal from all plants. A single BA application stimulated offset formation in both cultivars in both years, but repeated applications were necessary for a continued response following offset removal. Total offset yield increased linearly as the number of BA applications increased. At 120 days after the first treatment in 1995, `Francee' plants receiving four applications had produced an average of 22 offsets, and `Francis Williams' plants 18 offsets, whereas control plants produced 9.8 and 0 offsets, respectively. Similar data for 1996 were 31.2 offsets for `Francee' and 22.4 offsets for `Francis Williams,' whereas control plants produced 6.8 and 2.6 offsets, respectively. Offset stage of development, as indicated by leaf number, and growth index generally were not affected by BA treatment. No phytotoxicity was observed, and plant appearance was enhanced due to the outgrowth of BA-stimulated lateral buds. Chemical name used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (benzyladenine, BA).
Senescence Symptoms after Emasculation Vary among Cymbidium Cultivars
Authors: Suh Jung Nam , Ohkawa Kiyoshi , Kwack Beyoung Hwa
Published: October 2019

Response of cut Cymbidium flowers to emasculation was investigated. All Cymbidium cultivars that we examined produced ethylene during senescence. There were marked cultivar differences in the changes of fresh weight, ethylene production, and lip coloration after emasculation. In the case of `Venus', flower emasculation did not alter fresh weight, ethylene production, or lip coloration. There were differences in ACC oxidase in vivo activity among the three cultivars before and after emasculation. There was a correlation between the initial ACC oxidase activity and time to lip coloration in the emasculated flowers, but not in control flowers. It was suggested that the initial ACC oxidase activity of the column may be related to flower response to emasculation rather than vase life during senescence.
YENGİCE (KERKÜK) YER ADLARI
Authors: KÖSE Salih , KARAGÖZLÜ Savaş
Published: October 2019

Bir bölgenin tarihi, kültürü, coğrafyası, etnik yapısı ve adlandırmayı yapan milletin dili ile ilgili çok önemli bilgilerin bir nevi taşıyıcısı durumunda olan yer adları; dil bilimi, tarih, coğrafya, etnoloji, antropoloji vb. disiplinler için önemli bir kaynak durumundadır. Bu bakımdan bir bölgedeki yer adlarının tespit edilip kayıt altına alınması ve çeşitli açılardan incelenmesi hayati bir önem arz etmektedir. Özellikle Türk varlığının eskiden beri süregeldiği ancak yer adlarının da hızla değiştirildiği Balkanlar, Kafkaslar ve Orta Doğu gibi coğrafyalarda bu durum daha da önem kazanmaktadır. Bu amaçlarla Irak’ın kuzeyinde Tuzhurmatu’ya bağlı Yengice kasabası inceleme alanı olarak seçilmiş, bu kasabadan derlenen yer adları ad bilimsel açıdan incelenmiştir. Giriş bölümünde inceleme alanı olan Yengice kasabasının konumu, tarihi ve coğrafyası ile ilgili bilgiler verilmiş; inceleme bölümünde ise Yengice kasabasından derlenen yer adları türlerine ve yapılarına göre sınıflandırılmış, bu yer adlarının katmanları ve adlandırmada etkili olan unsurlar tespit edilmiştir. İncelemenin sonucunda Kerkük’e bağlı bir Türkmen yerleşimi olan Yengice kasabasının yer adlarının; türleri, yapıları ve adlandırmada etkili olan unsurlar bakımlarından Anadolu’daki herhangi bir yerleşim yerinin yer adlarından farklı olmadığı, Türk ad verme kültürünün dışına çıkılmadığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Conjugated linoleic acid enhances intestinal mucosal innate immunity against parasite Giardia lamblia in a murine model
Authors: Montalvo Corral Maricela , Puebla Clark Lucinda , López Robles Guadalupe , Reyes Duarte Itzel , López Cervantes Guillermo , Moya Camarena Silvia Yolanda
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Giardia lamblia, a protozoan intestinal parasite is able to evade or suppress defense mechanisms, such as innate response. Antigen presenting cells (APC) like dendritic cells may orchestrate an immune response and support a more effective adaptive defense. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a dietary lipid, has shown biological activity on APC. The aim was to evaluate the effect of CLA in intestinal innate response measuring the frequency of mucosal APC populations in Giardia lamblia murine infection.Method: The giardiasis infection model was established in C3H/HeN mice (n=32), and parasite load was followed at 0, 2, 6 and 8 days post infection (dpi). APC obtained from small intestine by enzymatic digestion were assessed by flow cytometry. Oral supplementation with CLA (50:50 of cis-9, trans-11-CLA and trans-10, cis-12-CLA isomers) and placebo control begun three days before infection and continued during first week post infection.Results: Infection kinetics showed a peak of trophozoites at 6 dpi in acute phase. Parasite load was lower in CLA group in comparison with control infected group (p<0.05). Conjugated linoleic acid stimulates innate immune response, percentage of intestinal CD11chiMHC-IIhi increases after 2 dpi, meanwhile CD11chiMHC-IIhiCD103+ APC was higher after three days of CLA supplementation than control (p<0.05). Also, the CD11c+ F4/80+ population shown a percentage increases after 6 and 8 dpi by the effect of treatment and time of infection (p<0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion CLA increased percentages of small intestine APC phenotypes CD11chiMHCIIhi, CD11chiMHCIIhiCD103+ and CD11c+ F4/80+, and reduced G. lamblia parasitic load. Further studies are needed to elucidate potential mechanisms involved in CLA immunomodulatory effect and its contribution in adaptive immune response.
Métodos de análise no estudo de representações sociais dos estudantes: o acesso ao Ensino Superior na UFRN
Authors: Ennafaa Ridha
Published: October 2019

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma investigação sobre o acesso à universidade e as trajetórias dos estudantes. Analisam-se particularmente as Representações Sociais da Universidade (UFRN) dos estudantes que concluem o Ensino Médio. Procura-se compreender, a partir dessas representações, a visão que os candidatos do ensino público têm da UFRN no momento do vestibular. A complementaridade dos resultados, junto a outros dados procedentes de abordagens quali-quantitativas, sublinha o valor heurístico de tal abordagem, combinando as informações para integrá-las em estudos longitudinais, que levam em conta os percursos e as perspectivas dos jovens ingressantes na universidade.
Significações de si: sala de apoio como lugar destinado ao não saber na escola
Authors: Bianchini Luciane Guimarães Batistella , Oliveira Francismara Neves de , Vasconcelos Mario Sérgio
Published: October 2019

O estudo de natureza qualitativa, modalidade descritivo-interpretativa, apoiou-se no referencial teórico piagetiano para analisar as significações de cinquenta e dois alunos frequentando salas de apoio à aprendizagem. Os resultados indicaram que as significações dos alunos sobre dificuldades de aprendizagem, erro e sala de apoio correspondem a estereótipos, estigmas e inferiorizações de sua condição para atingir os objetivos da aprendizagem. As dificuldades de aprendizagem são vistas como um problema próprio de sua condição pessoal ou familiar enquanto a sala de apoio, um espaço de punição para aqueles que apresentam dificuldades para aprender.
A escrita de (futuros) professores de matemática na resolução de um problema sobre o volume do cilindro
Authors: Costa Manoel dos Santos , Allevato Norma Suely Gomes
Published: October 2019

Este artigo analisa registros escritos apresentados por (futuros) professores, emuma experiência com a Metodologia de Ensino-Aprendizagem-Avaliação de Matemáticaatravés da Resolução de Problemas. Ao resolverem um problema sobre o volume de cilindro,partiram da construção com folhas de papel, estimaram os volumes e resolveram porescrito. Após discussão das resoluções, formalizou-se o conceito matemático construído.Tal experiência fundamentou a presente pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e realizada porobservação participante e análise documental. Constatou-se a necessidade de explorara escrita com professores em formação, para que também o façam com seus (futuros)alunos de Matemática, através da resolução de problemas.
Funções enunciativas do discurso sobre a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) no Curso de Pedagogia da UFPB
Authors: Alcantara Marcos Angelus Miranda de , Carlos Erenildo João
Published: October 2019

Este estudo investigou o enunciado da EJA no Curso de Pedagogia da UFPB.Tendo em vista que a Análise Arqueológica do Discurso foi utilizada como abordagem, odiscurso foi investigado como uma série de signos apoiados em uma formação discursiva(FOUCAULT, 2008). O Projeto Político-pedagógico do Curso (UFPB, 2006) foi o corpusempírico. Os resultados apontam três séries enunciativas: direito à educação, saberese sujeitos. A primeira mobiliza o signo da institucionalidade; a segunda aponta para ocampo epistêmico; a última evidencia a formação e a atuação do pedagogo. Portanto,este estudo explica de que modo a EJA se constitui como um campo do saber na formaçãodo pedagogo.
Oportunidades de aprendizagem e cidadania responsável: práticas democráticas em sala de aula
Authors: Jennings Louise , Neves Vanessa Ferraz Almeida , Gomes Maria de Fátima Cardoso
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o contexto de uma sala de aula em que educar para a cidadania responsável significa auxiliar os estudantes a desenvolver a capacidade de participar ativamente dos processos democráticos − participação democrática inclui o engajamento em diálogos acerca de sociedades justas e igualitárias, bem como da criação e manutenção delas na própria sala de aula e além dela. Os dados foram construídos a partir de pesquisa baseada em uma perspectiva etnográfica conduzida ao longo de um ano e analisados numa perspectiva histórico-cultural. As análises apresentadas mostram práticas de sala de aula que posicionam seus membros como sujeitos democráticos por meio das suas relações sociais e da construção academicamente rigorosa dos conhecimentos.
Pedagogia científica à descoberta da criança
Authors: Fernandes Hercília Maria , Araújo Marta Maria de
Published: October 2019

MONTESSORI, Maria Tecla Artemesia. Pedagogia científica: a descoberta da criança. Tradução Aury Azélio Brunetti. São Paulo: Editora Flamboyant, 1965.
Evaluation of active sludge and aquatic ferns usage for removal of zinc in a biological wastewater treatment system
Authors: Hajiali Amir , Robescu Lacramioara Diana
Published: October 2019

In this research capability of biological treatment method via active sludge and aquatic fern evaluated in different operating conditions and they were optimized in order to remove Zn (II). A simple reactor performance for treatment of model and real wastewater on laboratory and semi-industrial scale was investigated. This refining process proceeded with special attention to the effect of solution pH-value, pollutant concentration, absorbent concentration and reaction time. The batch semi-industrial scale reactor represented over 90 % removal efficiency under pH-value of 6 and 5-5.5 for aquatic ferns and active sludge, respectively. Effective reaction times represented various durations for aquatic ferns and active sludge with respect of 120 minutes and 90 minutes. The two biological masses had the best performances with 6 g/l for aquatic ferns and 5 g/l for active sludge. In the presence of 5 ppm of Zn (II) as the objective heavy metal, both absorbents had over 93.2 % removal efficiencies. While obviously laboratory-scale attempts introduced higher acceptable reduction efficiencies via this economic applicable treatment method. Additionally, economic considerations clarified feasibility of this recommended simple method.
Remediation of POPs polluted sites in Republic of Moldova
Authors: Lupascu Tudor , Bogdevich Oleg , Culighin Elena
Published: October 2019

Inventory of pesticide polluted sites in Republic of Moldova showed a huge number of high polluted sites and large pollution spectrum. The identified sites need effective remediation actions in order to diminish the risks for environment and public health. Some demonstration projects on the remediation technologies have been tested in the country.
Influence of the pH indicator on dissolved organic carbon for determination the hazardousness of industrial waste
Authors: Cernica Georgiana , Arama Georgeta Madalina , Cuciureanu Adriana , Catrina Gina , Stroia Diana
Published: October 2019

The paper presents the influence of pH on the dissolved organic carbon in industrial waste samples as a decision indicator in determining the hazardousness of the waste at storage according to the environmental legislation. Waste storage is a common method of management and is realizing according to GO 95/2005, which requires limit concentrations of the indicators analyzed according to each type of deposit (inert, non-hazardous, and hazardous). For the analysis of the dissolved organic carbon, 6 samples of waste from different sectors of activity were subjected to the leaching test and the eluate was analyzed on a multi N/C 3100 equipment at both the pH of the waste, itself and between 7.5 and 8 pH units. From the results obtained it is found that the modification of the pH leads to significant variations in the concentration of the dissolved organic carbon, variations which can provide essential information for the subsequent management of the waste.
Toxic effects of non-acute lead exposure on animal model
Authors: Isvoranu Gheorghita , Popescu Daniela Ionela , Codrici Elena , Mihai Simona , Enciu Ana Maria , Manda Gina , Perreto Marco , Tanase Cristiana
Published: October 2019

Lead, a high-risk environmental pollutant and extensively used by industry, is one of the most widely outspread toxic metal today. Lead toxicity is a public health problem both for the children and for the adults. Lead does not have any useful functions in the body, instead it produces only harmful effects once it gets into the body. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of lead in an animal model of non-acute exposure. Experimental groups received treatment of aqueous solution lead acetate at different doses and time of administration. Toxic effects of lead were investigated on haematological and behaviour of treated rats. We noticed the disturbances of both haematological parameters and behaviour. Our results indicated that non-acute exposure to lead induced toxic effects in the blood, and central nervous system of adult Wistar rats.
The comparison of destruction degree between different types of microorganisms under gas/cavitation conditions
Authors: Koval Iryna
Published: October 2019

Comparison of values of destruction degree of microorganisms of different types (Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus cereus, Sarcina lutea bacterias and Saccharomyces yeasts) under the simultaneous treatment of water by cavitation and gas is carried out. Has been determined the nature of the gas in which the cells were most actively destroyed by comparing the values of destruction degree. The greatest effectiveness of microorganisms destruction was achieved with the Ar/US-action, regardless of the type of microorganisms, their morphological characteristics and their initial amount per unit volume of water. Morphological features have an influence only on the duration of cavitation treatment of water.
Targeting Strategies in Therapeutic Applications of Toxoplasmosis: Recent Advances in Liposomal Vaccine Delivery Systems
Authors: Azadi Yaghob , Ahmadpour Ehsan , Ahmadi Amirhossein
Published: October 2019

Toxoplasma gondii is a prevalent parasitic pathogen that infected over one-third of the global population. Toxoplasmosis is diagnosed by isolating the parasite and detecting host antibodies. In contrast, the main problem with diagnosis relates to the sensitivity and specificity of the tests. Currently, treatment with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine is recommended, despite their side effects and toxicity to humans. Moreover, the absence of a vaccine to completely protect against this infection is the main obstacle to the effective treatment and prevention of toxoplasmosis. Recently, nanoparticles and nanomaterials have been studied as delivery systems for the immunization and treatment of T. gondii infections. One of the most important applications of liposomes is drug and vaccine delivery, due to their biodegradability, low inherent toxicity, and immunogenicity. Liposomes are flexible delivery systems and immunological adjuvants able not only to load diverse antigens, such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates but also to combine them with immunostimulators. Liposomes have the incredible potential within the development of modern types of vaccines and numerous endeavors have been made to improve the effectiveness of vaccines in recent years. In this review, we concentrate on the viable targeting strategies of liposome-based vaccine delivery systems to prevent, control and treat toxoplasmosis.
A Comparison of Biomarkers in the Assessment of Glycemic Control in Diabetes: Reviewing the Evidence
Authors: Sameer Aga S. , Banday Mujeeb Z. , Nissar Saniya , Saeed Sheikh A.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic life-long progressive multisystem heterogeneous metabolic disorder with complex pathogenesis.

Introduction:

Hyperglycemia is not only one of the classical signs of DM, but it also serves as the pivotal prerequisite for the diagnosis of the disease. However, with the advancement in the field of analytical biochemistry, a number of alternative and specific biomarkers have been discovered which can be used for better diagnosis of the DM. In this review, we have discussed various aspects of DM and different biomarkers used in assessing glycemia.

Methodology:

A thorough literature survey was conducted to identify various studies that reported the use of conventional and non-conventional markers for the assessment of glycemia in DM patients.

Conclusion:

The accurate detection and hence diagnosis of DM has become easy and more specific with the use of various biomarkers.
Paeonol Derivatives and Pharmacological Activities: A Review of Recent Progress
Authors: Wang Jilei , Wu Guiying , Chu Haiping , Wu Zhongyu , Sun Jingyong
Published: October 2019

Paeonol, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy acetophenone, is one of the main active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine such as Cynanchum paniculatum, Paeonia suffruticosa Andr and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Modern medical research has shown that paeonol has a wide range of pharmacological activities. In recent years, a large number of studies have been carried out on the structure modification of paeonol and the mechanism of action of paeonol derivatives has been studied. Some paeonol derivatives exhibit good pharmacological activities in terms of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic analgesic, antioxidant and other pharmacological effects. Herein, the research progress on paeonol derivatives and their pharmacological activities were systematically reviewed.
Löfgren Syndrome with Hypercalcemia and Neuroendocrinological Involvement: A Case Report
Authors: Almaguer-Morales Daniel , Hinojosa-González David Eugenio , Garza-Alpirez Alejandro
Published: October 2019

Background:

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that
can affect virtually any organ. Löfgren syndrome, characterized by erythema nodosum, hilar lymphadenopathy,
fever and polyarthritis, represents only 20-30% of the cases of sarcoidosis. Only 2-
10% of the cases feature hypercalcemia.

Case:

The case of a 42-year-old Hispanic woman with a history of erythema nodosum and three
weeks of nausea, emesis, constipation, asthenia, adynamia, polydipsia, and somnolence, concomitant
with hypercalcemia, but normal parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D has
been presented. The initial diagnostic approach was based upon the suspicion of multiple myeloma
or bone metastases; however, further findings of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, elevated serum
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and a right inguinal lymphadenomegaly suggested an alternate
diagnosis. Biopsy of the latter supported sarcoidosis as the diagnosis. She was successfully
treated in the hospital with zoledronic acid and as an outpatient with immunosuppressive therapy.
Persistence of a previously undisclosed symptom of oligomenorrhea led to the detection of hyperprolactinemia
secondary to hypophyseal infiltration, refractory to immunosuppressive therapy but
with an adequate response to cabergoline.

Conclusion:

This case strays from Löfgren Syndrome’s expected behavior, presenting a more progressive,
multisystemic disease. This case report was written in adhThis case strays from Löfgren Syndrome’s expected behavior, presenting a more progressive,
multisystemic disease. This case report was written in adherence to the CARE guidelines
of 2013 to include information in it.erence to the CARE guidelines
of 2013 to include information in it.