bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morton White’s philosophy of culture: Holistic pragmatism and interdisciplinary inquiry
Authors: Pihlström Sami
Published: June 2011

This paper explicates and defends Morton White’s holistic pragmatism, the view that descriptive and normative statements form a “seamless web” which must be tested as a “unified whole”. This position, originally formulated as a methodological and epistemic principle, can be extended into a more general philosophy of culture, as White himself has shown in his book, A Philosophy of Culture (2002). On the basis of holistic pragmatism, the paper also offers a pragmatist conception of metaphilosophy and defends the need for interdisciplinary inquiry.
Gender, symbols and traditional peacemaking among the Nanka-Igbo of south-eastern Nigeria
Authors: Ukpokolo Chinyere
Published: June 2011

The class condition of women in contemporary Igbo society in particular and Africa in general, which is characterized by her peripherialization in the scheme of state building and knowledge production, has led to the need for the re-examination of her representation in specific cultural contexts in Africa prior to the major historical events (partition and colonization) in the continent. There is no doubt that the partition and colonization of Africa led to a pragmatic shift in local paradigms, and the significance placed on the agencies of cultural transmission. This need to re-examine women s representation in cultures and societies in Africa has become imperative in order to make, where possible, a factual representation of women s place in specific cultural realities. This realization gives impetus for this paper. This article re-examines the perception that women have nothing to do with two key peace symbols—oji (kolanut) and ofo (staff of authority and justice)—in Igbo culture as has been presented in the literature on Igbo culture. Using a case study typology, the study uses Nanka in Anambra State, south-eastern Nigeria as the study area. It identifies the place of the Earth goddess in oji and ofo ritual performances and concludes that, as a key participant in these rituals, gender is mainstreamed in the usages of oji and ofo.
Social identities, societal change and mental borders
Authors: Petrjánošová Magda , Lášticová Barbara
Published: June 2011

In this paper we investigate the relations between cross-border mobility, national categorization and intergroup relations in a changing Europe. It focuses on young adults (N=34) commuting on a regular basis between the city of Bratislava (the capital of Slovakia) and the city of Vienna (the capital of Austria). Our study draws on the social identity perspective, however, we consider social identity as a discourse of (not) belonging, similarity and difference, which is continually (re)negotiated within a given social context. Semi-structured qualitative interviews, focus groups and drawings of the border area were used as research instruments. We have identified different types of experience in various subgroups of participants framed by (1) age at the time of arrival in Austria; (2) different mobility motivations and goals; (3) interaction setting; (4) the political and economic situation in Slovakia at the time of arrival to Austria linked to perceived status differences. On the individual level, the motivation to integrate or its lack seems to be a crucial element in the ingroup construction and perception of intergroup relations.
Multilevel Modeling of Social Segregation
Authors: Leckie George , Pillinger Rebecca , Jones Kelvyn , Goldstein Harvey
Published: June 2011

The traditional approach to measuring segregation is based upon descriptive, non-model-based indices. A recently proposed alternative is multilevel modeling. The authors further develop the argument for a multilevel modeling approach by first describing and expanding upon its notable advantages, which include an ability to model segregation at a number of scales simultaneously. The authors then propose a major extension to this approach by introducing a simple simulation method that allows traditional descriptive indices to be reformulated within a modeling framework. The multilevel approach and the simulation method are illustrated with an application that models recent social segregation among schools in London, UK.
Reduced Tillage Practices for the Southwestern US Peanut Production Region
Authors: Godsey Chad B. , Vitale Jeffrey , Mulder Phil G. , Armstrong Jon-Joseph Q. , Damicone John P. , Jackson Ken , Suehs Kelly
Published: June 2011

Oklahoma growers have increased their adoption of strip tillage (strip-till) and no tillage (no-till) systems as a means of reducing production costs and conserving soil resources. An experiment was conducted over three years to study the effects of three tillage systems [(conventional till (CT), no-till (NT), and strip-till (ST)] on pod yield, peanut grade, pest pressure, and economic profitability. Insect, disease, and weed incidence were determined in each year of the study. Peanut yield and grade were determined by mechanically harvesting the plot. No consistent differences were detected between NT and CT in peanut grade or yield when tillage systems were combined across years. In addition, no consistent differences were observed in disease incidence and insect populations. Economic analysis indicated that the NT system saved $93 ha−1 and generated $179 ha−1 more revenue compared to the CT system. Reduced tillage practices, especially NT, seem to be a good fit for SW peanut production areas.
Environmental and Varietal Effects on Niacin Content of Raw and Roasted Peanuts
Authors: Whitley M. L. , Isleib T. G. , Hendrix K. W. , Sanders T. H. , Dean L. O.
Published: June 2011

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are known to be a source of several important B-vitamins, including niacin (Vitamin B3). A total of 39 Florunner and NC7 samples from the 2007 and 2008 Uniform Peanut Performance Test (UPPT) were analyzed to compare their niacin content from 10 different growing locations in the U.S. From the Core of the Core of the peanut germplasm collection, 13 selected samples grown in North Carolina in 2008 were analyzed. Over 2 years and 10 locations, raw Florunner niacin levels ranged from 8.8 to 21.9 mg/100g DW. Mean niacin concentration in 2007 was 15.7 mg/100g DW and 17.8 mg/100g DW in 2008. Raw samples of NC7 averaged 19.0 mg/100g DW in 2007 and 20.3 mg/100g DW in 2008. The varietal difference was statistically significant as were differences among growing locations. The lowest niacin levels were found in the Virginia-Carolina region and the highest in Texas and Oklahoma. Although the 2008 niacin means were higher than 2007, the increase was not statistically significant. Roasting raw 2008 samples caused niacin levels to drop 12% (p = 0.0212) in Florunner and 6% in NC7 (p = 0.0128). Mean niacin concentrations in the Core of the Core samples were found to range from 13.9 to 20.7 mg/100g DW. Levels of niacin in the Core samples tested were found to be higher than Florunner (12.2 mg/100 DW) and NC7 samples (13.8 mg/100g DW) grown at the same location and in the same year. Significant differences in niacin content among NC7 and Florunner UPPT entries across 10 locations indicated a potential for genetic variation that is potentially exploitable by breeders. This is supported by the significant differences found among the Core of the Core entries and NC7 and Florunner samples from the same location and year.
Peanut Yield Response to Dicamba
Authors: Prostko E. P. , Grey T. L. , Marshall M. W. , Ferrell J. A. , Dotray P. A. , Jordan D. L. , Grichar W. J. , Brecke B. J. , Davis J. W.
Published: June 2011

Research was conducted at eight locations across the United States peanut belt during 2008 to evaluate peanut response to postemergence applications of dicamba. Dicamba was applied at 0, 40, 70, 140, 280 and 560 g ai/ha at 30, 60, and 90 days after peanut planting (DAP). In 5 of 8 locations, peanut yield losses were greater when dicamba was applied at 30 and 60 DAP when compared to 90 DAP. Estimated yield losses for dicamba applied at 40 g ai/ha ranged between 2% to 29%. Estimated yield losses for dicamba applied at 560 g ai/ha ranged between 23% to 100%. These data may aid peanut growers in making appropriate management decisions in situations where off-target movement of dicamba has occurred or sprayer contamination is suspected.
EA/G-GA for Single Machine Scheduling Problems with Earliness/Tardiness Costs
Authors: Chen Shih-Hsin , Chen Min-Chih , Chang Pei-Chann , Chen Yuh-Min
Published: June 2011

An Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA), which depends on explicitly sampling mechanisms based on probabilistic models with information extracted from the parental solutions to generate new solutions, has constituted one of the major research areas in the field of evolutionary computation. The fact that no genetic operators are used in EDAs is a major characteristic differentiating EDAs from other genetic algorithms (GAs). This advantage, however, could lead to premature convergence of EDAs as the probabilistic models are no longer generating diversified solutions. In our previous research [1], we have presented the evidences that EDAs suffer from the drawback of premature convergency, thus several important guidelines are provided for the design of effective EDAs. In this paper, we validated one guideline for incorporating other meta-heuristics into the EDAs. An algorithm named “EA/G-GA” is proposed by selecting a well-known EDA, EA/G, to work with GAs. The proposed algorithm was tested on the NP-Hard single machine scheduling problems with the total weighted earliness/tardiness cost in a just-in-time environment. The experimental results indicated that the EA/G-GA outperforms the compared algorithms statistically significantly across different stopping criteria and demonstrated the robustness of the proposed algorithm. Consequently, this paper is of interest and importance in the field of EDAs.
Recent Advances in the Studies on Luotonins
Authors: Liang Jing Lu , Cha Hyo Chang , Jahng Yurngdong
Published: June 2011

Luotonins are alkaloids from the aerial parts of Peganum nigellastrum Bunge. that display three major skeleton types. Luotonins A, B, and E are pyrroloquinazolino-quinoline alkaloids, luotonins C and D are canthin-6-one alkaloids, and luotonin F is a 4(3H)-quinazolinone alkaloid. All six luotonins have shown promising cytotoxicities towards selected human cancer cell lines, especially against leukemia P-388 cells. Luotonin A is the most active one, with its activity stemming from topoisomerase I-dependent DNA-cleavage. Such intriguing biological activities and unique structures have led not only to the development of synthetic methods for the efficient synthesis of these compounds, but also to interest in structural modifications for improving the biological properties. Recent progress in the study of luotonins is covered.
Synthesis and In Vitro Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitory Activity of Furan-2-yl(phenyl)methanone Derivatives
Authors: Zheng Fei Lang , Ban Shu Rong , Feng Xiu E , Zhao Cheng Xiao , Lin Wenhan , Li Qing Shan
Published: June 2011

A series of novel furan-2-yl(phenyl)methanone derivatives were synthesized, and their structures were established on the basis of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral data. All the prepared compounds were screened for their in vitro protein tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity and several new derivatives exhibited promising activity, which, in some cases, was identical to, or even better than that of genistein, a positive reference compound. The preliminary structure-activity relationships of these compounds were investigated and are discussed.
Influence of the Vehicle on the Penetration of Particles into Hair Follicles
Authors: Patzelt Alexa , Richter Heike , Dähne Lars , Walden Peter , Wiesmüller Karl-Heinz , Wank Ute , Sterry Wolfram , Lademann Jürgen
Published: June 2011

Recently, it has been demonstrated that particulate substances penetrate preferentially into the hair follicles and that the penetration depth depends on the particle size. In the present study, the influence of the vehicle of the particulate substances on the penetration depth was investigated. Four different formulations (ethanolic suspension, aqueous suspension, ethanolic gel and aqueous gel) containing peptide-loaded particles of 1 µm in diameter were prepared and applied on porcine ear skin. After penetration, punch biopsies were taken and the penetration depths of the particles were investigated by laser scanning microscopy. The deepest penetration was achieved with the gel formulations demonstrating an influence of the vehicle on the penetration depth of particulate substances.
Neighbors Like Me? Religious Affiliation and Neighborhood Racial Preferences among Non-Hispanic Whites
Authors: Merino Stephen M.
Published: June 2011

Research on racial residential segregation has paid little attention to the role that social institutions play in either isolating or integrating racial and ethnic groups in American communities. Scholars have argued that racial segregation within American religion may contribute to and consolidate racial division elsewhere in social life. However, no previous study has employed national survey data to examine the relationship between religious affiliation and the preferences people have about the racial and ethnic composition of their neighborhoods. Using data from the “Multi-Ethnic United States” module on the 2000 General Social Survey, this study finds that white evangelical Protestants have a significantly stronger preference for same-race neighbors than do Catholics, Jews, adherents of “other” faiths, and the unaffiliated. Group differences in preferences are largely accounted for by socio-demographic characteristics. Negative racial stereotyping and social isolation from minorities, both topics of interest in recent research on evangelical Protestants and race, fail to explain group differences in preferences.
Use of Remote Sensing to Support Forest and Wetlands Policies in the USA
Authors: Mayer Audrey L. , Lopez Ricardo D.
Published: June 2011

The use of remote sensing for environmental policy development is now quite common and well-documented, as images from remote sensing platforms are often used to focus attention on emerging environmental issues and spur debate on potential policy solutions. However, its use in policy implementation and evaluation has not been examined in much detail. Here we examine the use of remote sensing to support the implementation and enforcement of policies regarding the conservation of forests and wetlands in the USA. Specifically, we focus on the “Roadless Rule” and “Travel Management Rules” as enforced by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service on national forests, and the “No Net Loss” policy and Clean Water Act for wetlands on public and private lands, as enforced by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Army Corps of Engineers. We discuss several national and regional examples of how remote sensing for forest and wetland conservation has been effectively integrated with policy decisions, along with barriers to further integration. Some of these barriers are financial and technical (such as the lack of data at scales appropriate to policy enforcement), while others are political.
Relation of Biospeckle Activity with Quality Attributes of Apples
Authors: Zdunek Artur , Cybulska Justyna
Published: June 2011

Biospeckle is nondestructive optical technique based on the analysis of variations of laser light scattered from biological samples. Biospeckle activity reflects the state of the investigated object. In this study the relation of biospeckle activity (BA) with firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and starch content (SC) during the shelf life of seven apple cultivars was studied. The results showed that the quality attributes change significantly during storage. Significant and pronounced positive correlation between BA and SC was found. This result shows that degradation of starch granules, which could be stimulated to vibration by intracellular cyclosis, causes a lesser number of laser light scattering centers and results in smaller apparent biospeckle activity.
Beobachtungen an den Attikareliefs des severischen Quadrifons von Lepcis Magna
Authors: Strocka Volker Michael
Published: June 2011

Nachtrag

Es war mir nicht mehr möglich, in das März 1970 abgegebene Manuskript folgende Neuerscheinungen einzuarbeiten :

Kohppel (G.), Profectio und Adventus, BJb. 169, 1969, 130-194 geht S. 185f leider nur beiläufig auf das Erste Triumphalrelief (NW) ein. Ganz richtig hebt er die neuartige triumphale Darstellung des Adventus hervor.

Wiggers (H.B.), Caracalla-Geta-Plautilla (Das römische Herrscherbild, III 1 (1971), hrsg. von M. Wegner) behandelt S. 15, 22f, 88f, 96, 113 die Porträts Caracallas und Getas (Taf. 6, a-b, 7 c : D-SW, Caracalla ; Taf. 23b : D-NW, Cara- calla ; Taf. 24, a-b : D-SW, Geta), besonders die Bildnisse auf D-SW, wobei er im Caracallakopf mit Recht den Typus Gabii (nach Münzen 204-209 n. Chr.) erkennt, den Getakopf aber mit dem Typus München-Toulouse (nach Münzen 198-205 n. Chr.) gleichsetzt, was mich nicht überzeugt. So kommt er, indem er das herkömmliche Datum der Afrikareise (203 n.Chr.) belässt, auf exakt das Jahr 205 als Entstehungszeit der Friese. Da Plautianus und Plautilla aber erst in eben diesem Jahr aus dem Bildnisprogramm des kaiserlichen Hauses ausscheiden, wird der Spielraum für Entwurf und Ausführung zu eng.

S. 166 Anm.2 wären fünf weitere Darstellungen von Rittern anzufügen, die durch ihre Trabeae bekräftigen, dass die Reiter auf A/B-NW und A/B-SO Togen tragen : Ara in Spello, S. Maria Maggiore (Tarchi (U.), L'arte etrusco-romana nell- Umbria e nella Sabina (1936) Taf. 224 r. oben), Relief vom Grabbau des Ritters T.Flavius Verus im Museum Lateranense, Vatikan (Helbig4 Bd. 1 Nr. 1150-51 (E .Simon und E. Meinhardt)), Grabrelief des M. Aurelius Verianus equo publico (Stuart Jones, Cat. Cons. Tensa 12, Taf. 79) Relief in Como, Museo Civico, (EAA, 2 (1959) 778 Abb. 1024), Grabrelief Ludovisi, Thermenmuseum (Helbig1 Bd. 3 Nr. 2365 (E. Simon)).
Analyse de la variante dévaluation de Métricx
Authors: Bœuf Patrick , Ralle Pierre
Published: June 2011

Analyse de la variante dévaluation de Métricx,

par Patrick Bœuf, Pierre Ralle.

La réestimation du modèle Métric a conduit à une modification appréciable du profil et des enseignements quantitatifs comparés de certaines variantes. Les différences sont particulièrement marquées pour la dévaluation ce qui pose le problème de l'appréciation normative d'une telle mesure de politique économique. C'est pourquoi, il est apparu nécessaire d'identifier les sources d'incertitude et d'expliquer les divergences entre les deux modèles.

A cette fin, des tests de sensibilité ont été réalisés pour les principaux paramètres intervenant dans cette variante que l'on décrit par ailleurs.
Dégradation et redressement de la situation des entreprises françaises entre 1973 et 1986 : un essai de synthèse
Authors: Gagey Frédéric , Devilliers Michel , Delbreil Michel , Poncet Pierre , Zaidman Catherine , Allard Dominique , Allard Patrick , Chevallier Jean-Yves , Demotes-Mainard Magali , Legendre François , Morin Pierre
Published: June 2011

The Decline and Recovery of French Business Between 1973 and 1986: an Attempted Synthesis.

The evolution of the financial situation of French companies since 1973 has been one of the determining factors in the macroeconomic situation. The magnitude and the duration of the decline in French business accounts are largely linked to a deterioration of French position in foreign trade, but also on the domestic market. The turnaround in the profit ratios of French companies that occurred in 1984 likewise constitutes a crucial factor whose consequences will not be fully appreciated until the balance sheet disequilibriums have been eliminated. The article, prepared for the June 1988 session of the Commission des Comptesde la Nation (National Accounts Commission), attemps to synthesise all of the available data on the evolving situation of French companies since 1973. Using both macroeconomic and individualised data, it seeks to describe and explain the causes of the decline in French business and the nature of the current recovery process that began in 1984.
Deux études macroéconomiques de l'investissement
Authors: Glachant Jérôme , Nivet Jean-François
Published: June 2011

Two Macroeconomic Studies on Investment.

Models based on Cœfficients Variable over Time and Co-Integration,

by Jérôme Glachant and Jean- François Mivet.

Since 1979, the modelling of investment behaviour in France has encountered serious difficulties. This article aims to propose new approaches to the problem. First, models were tested based on coefficients variable over time, so as to better understand the instability of behaviour. Next, research was carried out on the order of integration of series likely to intervene in explaining investment behaviour; an error-correction model was estimated. The study confirms the difficulties of the problem. Accelerator-type variables are less pertinent. The assessment of a long-term relationship between production, capital and technical progress appears difficult indeed.
Hypothèse du cycle de vie et accumulation du patrimoine : France 1986
Authors: Masson André , Arrondel Luc
Published: June 2011

The Life-Cycle Hypothesis and Property Accumulation: France 1986,

by André Masson, Luc Arrondel.

This article presents some tests on the life-cycle hypothesis, conducted on the basis of the cross-section data provided by the "Financial Assets" survey (Inséé, 1986). They concern the individual determinants of the overall value of wealth, as well as the nature and extent of its impact. The theory focuses on two explanatory variables of wealth disparities: age and permanent income, discounted income average (other than capital income) already acquired or expected over the whole life-cycle, which is evaluated on the basis of the instantaneous and retrospective information recorded during the survey. The findings of the empirical analysis, which may be compared to those of other foreign studies, suggest a qualified appraisal: the population's heterogeneous behavioral patterns with regard to accumulation lead us to relativize the scope of application of the life-cycle model, for it mostly concerns middle-class employees.
Les choix de portefeuille des ménages quel partage de la liquidité ?
Authors: Bleuze Eric , Rousseau Jean-Marie
Published: June 2011

Les choix du portefeuille des ménages : quel partage de la liquidité ? (1970-1987),

par Eric Bleuze, Jean-Marie Rousseau.

L'article expose d'abord les résultats du modèle théorique de choix de portefeuille en avenir incertain avec coûts d'ajustement, puis l'applique aux données françaises (Terf) sur la période 1970 à 1987, l'objectif étant d'expliquer la répartition de la richesse financière liquide des ménages. Les principales questions abordées sont les suivantes : quelle est l'influence des rendements sur la structure des liquidités détenues par les ménages, quels sont les coûts d'ajustement perçus par les ménages, sont-ils équivalents pour les divers actifs liquides, quel est le poids des variables institutionnelles, en particulier sur des produits réglementés comme les livrets à avantage fiscal ou les dépôts à terme ? les effets de substitution entre actifs permettent-ils de regrouper certains actifs liquides dont les caractéristiques seraient proches, ou les cinq actifs retenus sont-ils au contraire perçus de manière bien distincte par les ménages ?
La contrainte budgétaire intertemporelle des administrations publiques : conséquences pour l'évaluation des déficits publics
Authors: Dietsch Michel , Garnier Olivier
Published: June 2011

La obligación presupuestaria intertemporal de las administraciones públicas :

consecuencias para la evaluación de los déficits públicos,

por Michel Dietsch, Olivier Garnier.

Los problemas planteados por el peso de la deuda pública son de dos tipos. Por una parte, las transferencias de recursos entre generaciones inducidas por el endeudamiento público pueden generar un alza de los tipos de interés y una disminución del ritmo de acumulación del capital (efecto de evicción a largo plazo). Por otra parte, cuando los tipos de interés reales son superiores a la tasa de crecimiento de la economía, el aumento de las cargas de interés puede resultar insostenible a largo plazo (efecto acumulativo) y provocar el temor de que los poderes públicos recurran en última instancia a la inflación para preservar su solvencia. Este artículo prétende mostrar que el déficit público, tal como se le calcula habitualmente, no tiene correctamente en cuenta estos efectos y puede incluso conducir a interpretaciones erróneas.
Le déficit du régime général de la Sécurité sociale
Authors: Lamiot Dominique
Published: June 2011

Le déficit du régime général de Sécurité sociale,

par Dominique Lamiot.

Les transferts sociaux représentent plus du quart de la richesse nationale. Ils se manifestent par l'apparition récurrente de déficits prévisionnels qui reflètent les modalités de fonctionnement de la protection sociale française, où le développement largement autonome des prestations conduit à des ajustements fréquents destinés à rétablir l'équilibre. L'objet de l'article est d'analyser les enchaînements qui conduisent au déficit du régime général de la sécurité sociale et les liens qu'ils entretient avec la conjoncture macroéconomique. L'impact non négligeable de la gestion de la trésorerie, qui peut provoquer des à-coups conjoncturels significatifs sur le revenu disponible des ménages, est également examiné.
Mouvements de capitaux et crises de change au début des années quatre-vingt
Authors: Davanne Olivier , Ewenczyk Hélène
Published: June 2011

Movimiento de capitales y crisis monetaria en Francia

a principios de la década del ochenta,

por Olivier Davanne, Hélène Ewenczyk.

Partiendo de un análisis histónco de los años 1981 a 1986 en Francia, este artículo intenta apreciar la eficacia del control de cambios. Se élabora un marco de análisis a partir de las estadísticas de la balanza de pagos del Banco de Francia que permite medir, en este período, los desequilibrios de las cuentas extenores y los movimientos de capitales, especulativos o no, que contribuyeron a dicho desequilibrio. Se muestra que el control de cambios ha logrado contener las anticipaciones desfavorables en el mercado de cambios por medio de las obligaciones que éste imponía a los movimientos de capitales más especulativos, pero que no ha permitido evitar duraderamente los reajustes de paridad indispensables, dada la profunda degradación de las cuentas extenores francesas a principios de los años 1980.
Demande de facteurs et productivité dans le long terme : l'apport des fonctions à capital quasi-fixe
Authors: Devezeaux de Lavergne Jean-Guy , Ladoux Norbert
Published: June 2011

Production factor demand and long-term productivity : the contribution of the quasi-fixed capital production function,

by Jean-Guy Devezeaux de Lavergne, Norbert Ladoux.

The fixed or quasi-fixed capital functions allow us to distinguish the short run from long run behaviour of the producer, which is not the case in the classical functions. The main contribution of this paper is the explicit calculation of the long run elasticities of substitution. As an empirical application, we estimate a translog quasi-fixed capital function for three sectors of the french economy. Our results show that it is impossible to consider, as it is sometimes done, that the elasticities computed through classical cost functions (in particular the capital-energy elasticity) are long run elasticities. In addition, we give an estimate of the utilization rate of the production capacity, as well as an estimate of the total factors productivity (which are not very different from that obtained when the capital stock is optimal). We also furnish an evaluation of productivity trends affecting each productive factor. Our results include the levels of significance of each computed variable.
L'allocation du travail dans les exploitations céréalières
Authors: Vermersch Dominique
Published: June 2011

Distribution of work in grain producing farms : a Tobit model of semi-fixed labour,

by Dominique Vermersch.

Conventional models derived from duality theory assume that labour is either a fixed factor or a variable one. In this paper, we examine a more realistic model which uses the Tobit approach. Labour is assumed to be semi-fixed : it is free to vary for some observations and it is fixed for the others. The fast part is devoted to the estimation of this model using a cross-section of farms.
Les réformes de la politique agricole commune : bilan économique et perspectives pour la France
Authors: Delache Xavier , Deroin-Thévenin Michel
Published: June 2011

Les réformes de la politique agricole commune : bilan économique et perspectives pour la France,

par Xavier Delache, Michel Deroin-Thévenin.

La Communauté européenne a réformé depuis 1984 la gestion de la quasi-totalité des marchés agricoles. Deux lignes directrices se sont affrontées : baisser les prix, pour permettre une meilleure allocation des ressources favorable au consommateur grâce à des gains de productivité accélérés ; ou alors maîtriser quantitativement l'offre et ainsi contrôler rapidement les dépenses budgétaires et maintenir le revenu des agriculteurs, mais en figeant les structures et la compétitivité agricoles. Cet article présente un bilan des réformes entreprises et de leurs enjeux.
Un exemple d'application du modèle Logit : l'investissement immobilier des couples non mariés
Authors: Sarma Claire
Published: June 2011

Un exemple d'application du modèle Logit : l'investissement immobilier des couples non mariés,

par Claire Sarma.

Les couples non mariés sont moins souvent propriétaires de leur logement. Cette note rappelle l'intérêt du modèle Logit pour isoler l'influence propre du statut matrimonial, fortement corrélé à l'âge, sur la propriété du logement. Une application est présentée sur un échantillon de 5 600 ménages.
Les transformations de l'organisation du transport aérien aux États-Unis et en Europe
Authors: Bœuf Patrick
Published: June 2011

Les transformations de l'organisation du transport aérien aux Etats-Unis et en Europe,

par Patrick Bœuf.

Cet article se propose de donner une brève analyse des transformations à l'œuvre dans le transport aérien aux Etats-Unis et en Europe. La première partie dresse un bilan succinct de la réorganisation du transport aérien aux Etats-Unis. La seconde s'interroge sur les conséquences de telles transformations pour l'Europe.
L'impact de l'indemnisation sur la durée et l'ancienneté au chômage
Authors: Florens Jean-Pierre , Gérard-Varet Louis-André , Werquin Patrick
Published: June 2011

L'impact de l'indemnisation sur la durée et l'ancienneté au chômage,

par Jean-Pierre Florens, Louis-André Gérard-Varet, Patrick Werquin.

La théorie de la recherche d'emploi justifie la construction de formes réduites partielles du marché du travail destinées à étudier l'effet de différents facteurs explicatifs de la durée du chômage en France. Le but de cet article est de procéder à leur estimation sur deux ensembles de données. Le premier est un échantillon de données individuelles relatives à la durée des périodes de chômage, le second rassemble des données dites d'ancienneté au chômage. Une place importante est attribuée dans l'analyse au rôle des allocations chômage.
Le partage du profit incite-t-il à travailler plus ?
Authors: Artus Patrick , Legendre François , Morin Pierre
Published: June 2011

Is profit-sharing an incentive to work more?

by Patrick Artus, François Legendre, Pierre Morin.

This article presents three empirical studies that attempt to assess the impact of profit-sharing on labor productivity. An especially detailed account is given of the study conducted on French data. This study conducted on French data is more completely accounted for. The studies do not examine profit-sharing — as, for example, M. Weitzman does — from a macroeconomic point of view as an activity stabilizer. Rather, profit-sharing is analyzed microeconomically as a work incentive for employees. This approach fits in with theories of the efficiency wage. In particular, the article discusses the need for such collective incentives.
La reprise de l'investissement dans quatre grands pays de l'Ocdé
Authors: Loué Jean-François
Published: June 2011

El resurgimiento de la inversión dentro de cuatro grandes países de la Ocde,

por Jean-François Loué.

En 1988, la inversión sorprendió por su dinamismo haciendo fracasar la mayoría de las previsiones. ¿ Acaso se ha adaptado simplemente el stock de capital a una demanda más fuerte que la que había sido anticipada ? ¿ Nos enfrentamos por el contrario con un fenómeno inexplicado ? Una modelización simple para cuatro países (Estados Unidos, Japón, Gran Bretaña, Rfa) permite aclarar este debate y hacer un examen sobre las perspectivas de la inversion : sus realizaciones, en 1988, han sido, en todos los países, más importantes que lo que se había podido preveer con la ayuda de los modelos. Las perspectivas de crecimiento menos excepcionales para los próximos años, así como las abundantes existencias de capital, deberían conducir a una desaceleración cuya magnitud dependerá en gran medida de hipótesis de crecimiento a su vez inciertas.
Nerve growth factor concentrations in the synovial fluid from healthy dogs and dogs with secondary osteoarthritis
Authors: Isola M. , Ferrari V. , Stabile F. , Bernardini D. , Carnier P. , Busetto R. , Miolo A.
Published: June 2011

Objective: To measure the concentrations of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the synovial fluid from normal dogs and dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) secondary to common joint disorders.

Methods: Nerve growth factor synovial concentrations were measured by ELISA assay in 50 dogs divided into three groups: 12 healthy, 16 affected by acute lameness within seven days before enrolment, and 22 with chronic lameness persisting by more than one month before enrolment and accompanied by radiological signs of OA. Both acute and chronic lameness were secondary to orthopaedic diseases involving the shoulder, elbow and stifle joints. Nerve growth factor synovial concentrations were compared between means for healthy and acute groups and between the three groups using an F-test. Significance level was set at p ±0.05.

Results: Nerve growth factor was detected in all canine synovial fluid samples. However, the mean synovial NGF concentration of healthy dogs (3.65 ± 2.18 pg/ml) was not significantly different from the mean value in dogs with acute lameness (6.45 ± 2.45 pg/ml) (p ± 0.79). Conversely, the mean synovial NGF concentration in dogs with chronic lameness (20.19 ± 17.51 pg/ml) was found to be significantly higher than that found in healthy dogs (p ±0.01).

Clinical significance: This study demonstrates for the first time the presence of NGF in canine synovial fluid and its increased concentrations in dogs with chronic lameness compared to healthy dogs and dogs with acute lameness. The association between chronic lameness and raised synovial concentrations may suggest an involvement of NGF in OA inflammation and chronic pain.
Au(I)/Au(III)-catalyzed Sonogashira-type reactions of functionalized terminal alkynes with arylboronic acids under mild conditions
Authors: Qian Deyun , Zhang Junliang
Published: June 2011

A straightforward, efficient, and reliable redox catalyst system for the Au(I)/Au(III)-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of functionalized terminal alkynes with arylboronic acids under mild conditions has been developed.
ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING OF INDUSTRIAL AND SUPPLY CHAIN BUSINESS PROCESSES WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Yildiz Turkay , Yercan Funda
Published: June 2011

Green issues in industrial and supply chain business processes have been receiving exponentially growing attention over the past decade. Consumers are demanding green products and services more and more, and on the other side of the marketplace, businesses and industries are now much more responsive to green issues. Furthermore, businesses and industrial systems are, in present conditions, positively reacting to green issues. From an academic perspective, there are considerable numbers of research on this topic in various disciplines. Thus, for the green strategies with respect to the sustainable development, this paper delves into the literature of the significance of sustainability concept with an emphasis on the ecological dimension and then brings a range of essential perspectives along with the applied framework of environmental reporting of industrial and supply chain business processes.
CONCEPTS FOR CULTURAL INTEGRATION AFTER M&A / KONZEPTE ZUR KULTURELLEN INTEGRATION NACH M&A
Authors: Palm Andreas
Published: June 2011

When integrating corporate cultures after Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) the conceptual approach is of central importance. This integrated approach should be selected before the actual integration takes place. Therefore it seems sensible to survey the existing approaches and their pros and cons. Such an overview is given in this article. The relevant concepts are presented, compared, and evaluated. Overall, there are useful concepts depending on the respective situation, but there is no universal approach that takes the cross-cultural background of the M&A transactions sufficiently into account.
MYSTERY SHOPPING − THE TOOL OF EMPLOYEE COMMUNICATION SKILLS EVALUATION
Authors: Jankal Radoslav , Jankalová Miriam
Published: June 2011

Mystery shopping is a tool often used for evaluation of providing services quality. It is also a tool, which enables to examine and evaluate communication skills of employees in order to identify their weakness and define the way of improvement. The reason is that their applied abilities are connected with customer´s total perception of providing services. National post operators must learn to listen to their customers through their employees. This process is crucial for the market environment – it enables to gain customer´s loyalty and trust. In order to ensure higher level of customer oriented behaviour between the employees, Slovak Post starts a pilot project called “Mystery Customer”. Main goal of the project is to analyze behavior of selected post office personnel towards the mystery customer. The paper also deals with the practical use of mystery shopping in conditions of Slovak Post.
FORMING A PERCEIVED FRANCHISE VALUE: THEORETICAL INSIGHTS / FRANŠIZĖS SUVOKIAMOS VERTĖS FORMAVIMAS: TEORINĖS ĮŽVALGOS
Authors: Levickaitė Rasa , Reimeris Ramojus
Published: June 2011

The article is based on literature review, theoretical insights and deals with the topic of perceived franchise value. The objective of the paper is – what elements form the franchisee‘s perceived value in service business (comparing with alternative of own business model). The aim of the paper is to propose systematic value elements in the process of forming a value of a franchise business model perceived by the franchisee. In terms of practical meaning, this article should be relevant to entrepreneurs, company owners, and future entrepreneurs planning to set up their own business, but lacking the managerial experience. The scientific value of the paper is theoretical insights analyzing franchise, which has not been thoroughly analyzed in the Lithuanian academic society, and the formation of a perceived franchise value, which has not been analyzed at all. This is the second of three authors’ articles of franchise series.
L'emprise contre l'empathie
Authors: Tisseron Serge
Published: June 2011

Pour que l’empathie se constitue correctement, il faut que la satisfaction du désir d’omnipotence, puis sa frustration se soient passées correctement. Mais la capacité d’empathie continue à être menacée toute la vie par le désir d’emprise qui habite chacun. Et ce désir ne se manifeste jamais avec autant de force que lorsqu’il est encouragé par l’autorité. C’est le cas dans les sociétés totalitaires qui stigmatisent une partie de la population, mais aussi aujourd’hui en entreprise, où les employés sont invités à renoncer à toute empathie pour eux-mêmes. C’est le plus sûr moyen de s’assurer qu’ils puissent accepter des conditions de travail dégradantes, et, le cas échéant, malmener ou éliminer leurs concurrents ou leurs collègues sans état d’âme.
L'homme du milieu
Authors: Guiche Dorothée , Lecourt Édith
Published: June 2011

Alors que des soulèvements populaires éclatent en Tunisie, des questions se posent notamment sur la manière dont les regroupements ont pu se mettre en place, malgré les tentatives gouvernementales de censure. Des questions qui émergent d’autant plus que, pour la première fois, la technologie Internet semble avoir été un des points de départ de la diffusion de ces nouvelles idéologies. Dans un monde où les réseaux sociaux sur Internet explosent, et sont largement investis par le sujet, impliquant de nouveaux modes relationnels, ils semblent avoir été le support d’une coalition nationale. Nous nous proposons d’interroger la dimension psychique et les mécanismes qui ont permis cet investissement et la création de cette foule virtuelle. Nous questionnons l’articulation entre les théories psychanalytiques établies par certains auteurs fondateurs, et l’implication des nouveaux modes de communications modernes dans la constitution de la foule.
Se soumettre ou résister ?
Authors: Diet Anne-Lise
Published: June 2011

Le management procédural et les valeurs gestionnaires se sont imposés dans l’ensemble des institutions et en Europe. Ce management dont la filiation sectaire est patente, par l’emprise perverse qu’elle exerce sur les personnes, a produit une soumission généralisée, une obéissance totale malgré les souffrances qu’il produit, sa vacuité, son inadaptation dans l’essentiel des secteurs où il s’applique et son coût financier et humain considérable On décrira l’exemple d’une Maison verte qui a organisé sa résistance aujourd’hui encore avec succès. On essaiera de dégager les conditions de la désobéissance. C’est grâce à une stratégie groupale et institutionnelle que ce lieu a pu résister aux grilles évaluatives, qui dans les lieux où elles se sont imposées, ont, du même coup, empêché le travail clinique de s’exercer. Cette stratégie évite que la résistance ne s’engage sur le seul charisme d’un chef auquel l’institution ne survivrait pas. Elle permet que l’ensemble des salariés et des instances administratives soit engagé dans la résistance tout en proposant aux financeurs un discours très articulé, théorisé, soutenu par de fortes valeurs, mais clair et lisible par eux.
Le soutien à la scolarité dans les interventions socio-éducatives
Authors: Milova Hélène
Published: June 2011

Dans leur objectif d’aider les enfants en difficulté scolaire et familiale, les intervenants socio-éducatifs recherchent la coopération des parents de ces enfants. Ils doivent respecter les parents en tant que partenaires ayant des droits. Or, cette coopération est souvent difficile dans la pratique. À travers les résultats de deux recherches mis en parallèle, on montre ici comment, dans deux types de dispositifs différents visant les enfants en difficulté et leurs parents, les professionnels obtiennent que les parents coopèrent dans l’intervention. Les pratiques mises en place sont centrées essentiellement sur deux aspects : l’accompagnement à la scolarité, demandé par les parents, et l’écoute des parents, permettant d’aborder des problématiques éducatives plus larges que la seule scolarité.
La logistique de distribution du commerce électronique : des défis économiques, managériaux et écologiques à l'horizon
Authors: Paché Gilles
Published: June 2011

Résumé Il est impensable de s’intéresser au commerce électronique grand public ( business to consumer , B2C), sans se poser des questions sur la gestion des opérations logistiques. En effet, si l’internaute peut accéder à une offre de produits d’une extraordinaire richesse par un simple clic de souris sur son ordinateur, encore faut-il que ces produits puissent être mis à sa disposition dans de bonnes conditions de coût et de service. L’article indique que la logistique de distribution du commerce électronique est loin d’avoir atteint aujourd’hui un stade élevé de maturité. Il existe certes des solutions techniques satisfaisantes mises en place par de puissants prestataires de services logistiques. Mais que risque-t-il de se passer si les ventes par ce nouveau canal de distribution explosent dans les prochaines années? Un certain nombre d’acteurs prennent actuellement les devants pour en prévoir les effets. C’est plus particulièrement le cas de grands distributeurs, pour tout ce qui concerne la gestion des livraisons terminales jusqu’au domicile (ou sur le lieu de travail) des internautes. L’auteur rend compte de façon critique d’expérimentations en cours, notamment en France, en soulignant l’absence de modèles consensuels.
Lier la stratégie à la gestion des risques dans les affaires électroniques
Authors: Vézina Michel , Martel Louise
Published: June 2011

Résumé Une récente étude de KPMG conclut que 78 % des participants désignent la sécurité comme frein principal à l’implantation du commerce électronique. Toutefois, ces résultats démontrent que les gestionnaires perçoivent les risques associés au commerce électronique avant tout comme des risques technologiques. En réalité, la définition de risques associés aux affaires électroniques est beaucoup plus large. Elle englobe à la fois les occasions et les incertitudes, les dangers et les pertes. Dans ce contexte, la gestion des risques dans les affaires électroniques doit s’inscrire dans une démarche stratégique assurant une gestion intégrée des risques stratégiques, des risques de processus et des risques technologiques. Dans cet article, nous proposons un modèle holistique de gestion des risques dans les affaires électroniques. Ce cadre d’analyse de la gestion des risques au sein des organisations permet de définir les risques propres aux affaires électroniques, de proposer un modèle de gestion des risques et une méthode de gestion de ces risques.
Beneficial microbes for the oral cavity: time to harness the oral streptococci?
Authors: Burton J. , Wescombe P. , Cadieux P. , Tagg J.
Published: June 2011

Indigenous microbes are known to influence human health outcomes and various approaches are now being made
to positively modulate these microbe-induced outcomes via the administration of probiotics. The application
of probiotics that are specific to the oral cavity is a relatively undeveloped field, and their emergence has largely
occurred as a reasoned follow-up to initial studies in which probiotics that had already been developed and
obtained regulatory approval for intestinal applications were then also evaluated for their putative influence on oral
microbiota functionality. These attempts to extend the application of existing probiotics were probably at least in
part motivated by recognition of the substantial safety and regulatory hurdles that must be overcome prior to the
introduction of a novel probiotic agent. Nevertheless, from an efficacy perspective it appears more logical to develop
microbes of oral origin as the specific providers of probiotic solutions for oral diseases, rather than attempting to
adapt intestinally-derived strains for this role. Oral bacteria and their bioactive molecules have evolved to operate
optimally in this environment and in some cases are known to persist only in oral sites. Amongst the bacteria of
more than 700 species now identified within the human oral microbiota, it is the streptococci that are numerically
predominant. Although this review highlights the development of the oral cavity bacterium Streptococcus salivarius
as an oral probiotic, a number of other streptococcal species have also been shown to have considerable potential
as probiotic candidates.