bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial Investigations of the Cranial Size and Shape of Adult Eurasian Otters (Lutra lutra) in Great Britain
Authors: Farnell Damian JJ , Khor Chern , Doyle Zoe , Ayre Wayne N , Chadwick Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

3D surface scans were carried out to determine the shapes of the upper sections of (skeletal) crania of adult Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) from Great Britain. Landmark points were placed on these shapes by using a graphical user interface (GUI) and distance measurements (i.e., the length, height, and width of the crania) could be found by using the landmark points. These “GUI-based” distances were shown to be accurate and reliable in comparison to physical measurements taken on the crania directly by using a digital calliper. The crania of males were 6.85mm, 5.44mm, 1.66mm larger in terms of length, width and height, respectively, than females in our sample (P < 0.001), i.e., male otters had significantly larger skulls than females. Significant differences in size occurred also by geographical area in Great Britain (P < 0.05). Multilevel Principal Components Analysis (mPCA) indicated that sex and geographical area explained 31.1% and 9.6% of shape variation in “unscaled” shape data and that they explained 17.2% and 9.7% of variation in “scaled” data. The first mode of variation at level 1 (sex) correctly reflected size changes between males and females for “unscaled” shape data. Modes at level 2 (geographical area) also showed possible changes in size and shape. Clustering by sex and geographical area was observed in standardised component scores. Such clustering in cranial shape by geographical area might reflect genetic differences that are known to occur in otter populations in Great Britain, although other potentially confounding factors (e.g. population age-structure, diet, etc.) might also drive regional differences. Furthermore, sample sizes per group were small for geographical comparisons. However, this work provides a successful first test of the effectiveness of 3D surface scans and multivariate methods such as mPCA to study the cranial morphology of otters.
Molecular Insights on Potential Combination of Mapk Inhibitors Together with HCQ and HCQs Analogs in Viral Infection
Authors: Mohanta Tapan Kumar , Sharma Nanaocha , Arina Pietro , Defilippi Paola
Published: July 2020

The outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has infected more than 11 million people and has claimed more than 530.000 deaths world-wide. In July 2020, still, there is no specific treatment for disease caused by the novel coronavirus. In the search to curb the global pandemic COVID-19, some eastern and developing countries have approved various treatment with controversial efficacy, among that the use of the antimalarial Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), so far with inconclusive clinical evidence of effectiveness. On the other hand, computer-based screening suggest that HCQs analog are promising molecules, to impair viral replication in vitro[1]. Therefore, what is emerging from this complex background, is the need to understand molecular mechanism beyond drugs that can be helpful against viral infection for this and future pandemic. The intent of this Brief Report is to highlight: i) the involvement of the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade in viral infection and ii) the urgent need to have molecular data on the effectiveness of the combination of MAPK inhibitors together with HCQ and HCQs analogs in curbing viral infection. We are convinced that a better understanding of the patterns of elicited molecular mechanisms will be critical for new molecular approaches to this severe disease
The Role of Collagen Triple Helix Repeat-Containing 1 Protein (CTHRC1) in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Myngbay Askhat , Manarbek Limara , Ludbrook Steve B. , Kunz Jeannette
Published: July 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, causing inflammation of joints, cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Biomarkers and new drug targets are actively sought and progressed to improve available options for patient treatment. The Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 protein (CTHRC1) may have an important role as a biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis, as CTHRC1 protein concentration is significantly elevated in the peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients, compared to osteoarthritis (OA) patients and healthy individuals. CTHRC1 is a secreted glycoprotein that promotes cell migration and has been implicated in arterial tissue-repair processes. Furthermore, high CTHRC1 expression is observed in many types of cancer and this is associated with cancer metastasis to the bone and poor prognosis. However, the function of CTHRC1 in RA is still largely undefined. The aim of this review is to summarize recent findings on the role of CTHRC1 as a potential biomarker and pathogenic driver of RA progression that may be linked to the pathogenic behavior of fibroblast-like synoviocytes, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion.
Phosphocholine Steroid Conjugates: Are these Compounds the Mammalian Cardiotonic Steroids?
Authors: Chasalow Fred
Published: July 2020

Cardiotonic glycoside toxins, originally isolated from plants or amphibians, have been proposed as mammalian cardiotonic hormones. This paper is a review and update of the discovery of [i] a new class of steroid hormones, [ii] the path for their biosynthesis and [iii] some preliminary data on their function. The compounds are phosphoester conjugates and share a characteristic structural feature, a lactone ring, with [a] one class of synthetic potassium sparing diuretics and with [b] plant and amphibian cardiotonic steroids. Purification was initially monitored by cross reaction with steroid sulfate assays and later with digoxin-specific assays. Six compounds were purified by HPLC to near homogeneity and characterized by Tandem mass spectroscopy (MS-MS) and 31P-NMR. Three were digoxin-like materials (DLM) with 23 carbon atoms. The two extra carbon atoms form a spiral lactone E-ring. Several additional spiral lactones have been identified by MS-MS. In a pilot study, based on MS analysis, we evaluated phosphocholine steroid levels in individual serum samples in patients with pre-eclampsia (n=20). The control group of normotensive pregnant women (n=20) was used to estimate the mean and standard deviation. Twelve of the women with pre-eclampsia had a z-score over 2 for at least one of the four phosphocholine steroids. In contrast, only 1 sample from the normotensive women had a z-score over 2. The observation that there are two patterns, one with elevated phosphocholine steroid levels and one without the elevation, suggests that there may be two different underlying causes of pre-eclampsia. We now need to extend the study to determine which pattern predicts progression to life-threatening hypertension in pregnant women. This pilot study illustrates that it is possible to evaluate individual endogenous cardiotonic hormones without relying on antibodies developed to plant or amphibian toxins.
Stochastic Modeling Of Photovoltaic Cell Condition
Authors: Trzmiel Grzegorz
Published: July 2020

The paper presents the author’ original modification of the residual method in order to construct an efficient tool for assessing the condition of photovoltaic cells, in particular – panels made of amorphous cells which are characterized by significant random operation parameter changes. The solution constructed has been verified through experiments, which show the usefulness of the proposed methodology as it allows to minimize the risk of obtaining false diagnostic information in the process of assessing the condition of photovoltaic panels.
ALEITAMENTO MATERNO NO SISTEMA PENITENCIÁRIO: SENTIMENTOS DA LACTANTE
Authors: Nogueira Angelita , Mariane Vasconcelos Ferreira Bruna , Vanessa Ferreira de Azevedo Costa Luana , César Bernardino da Silva Júlio , Cruz Gouveia Câmara Guerra Marilia , Lucinda Andrade Albuquerque Nayale
Published: July 2020

Introdução: O aleitamento materno é um processo natural de primordial importância para o desenvolvimento saudável do bebê, pois em sua composição disponibiliza todos os nutrientes que favorecem o adequado desenvolvimento biológico e psicológico. No contexto do sistema prisional, vem à tona uma série de estigmas, falta de estrutura, ineficácia de informações e ambiente inapropriado, permitindo a lactante a vivenciar essa prática com múltiplos sentimentos. Objetivo: Compreender os sentimentos das lactantes em situação prisional acerca da amamentação. Método: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo, realizado com 08 lactantes reclusas na Colônia Penal Feminina Bom Pastor (CPFBP), no município de Recife, capital de Pernambuco. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, guiadas pela questão norteadora: Como mãe, quais os sentimentos de amamentar seu(a) filho(a) na prisão?.As falas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo temática proposta por Bardin e representada seus resultados a partir de categorias. Resultados: A partir da análise dos discursos emergiram as seguintes categorias: Amamentação: meio de prevenção de doenças e de cumprimento do papel de mãe; Desmame precoce no ambiente prisional e processo de separação mãe e filho: dicotomia de sentimentos positivos e negativos e a experiência do amamentar no ambiente prisional e sua correlação com o extramuros. Conclusões: Inúmeros são os sentimentos vivenciados pelas lactantes permeando os extremos de prazer, amor e tristeza e culpa, sendo estes últimos conseguinte a separação da criança completos os seis meses. A ausência de orientações advindas dos profissionais de saúde acentua as dificuldades das mulheres frente ao aleitamento materno.
Microwave-Induced Expeditious Synthesis of Biologically Active Substituted Imidazoles using CuO-TiO2-GO Nanocomposite as a Recyclable Catalyst
Authors: Gupta Sharoni , Pathak Arpit K. , Ameta Chetna , Punjabi Pinki B.
Published: July 2020

An efficient, green and rapid protocol for one-pot synthesis of substituted imidazoles from
isatin, aryl/hetero-aryl aldehydes and ammonium acetate in presence of CuO-TiO2-GO nanocomposite
as catalyst under microwave irradiation has been reported in this article. The CuO-TiO2-GO nanocomposite
was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Further, the prepared composite was characterized
by FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, EDS, TEM, Raman and TGA techniques. The protocol offered several advantages
such as high rate of reaction, excellent yields, economic feasibility, simple work-up and reusability
of catalyst up to six cycles. Further antimicrobial activities of the synthesized substituted imidazoles
were evaluated by the broth dilution method.
PENILIKAN KESALAHAN BERBAHASA INDONESIA YANG BAIK DAN BENAR DALAM KONTEKS SOSIAL-MASYARAKAT DI RUANG PUBLIK
Authors: Wirahyuni Kadek
Published: July 2020

This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data and data sources used in this study are in the form of pictures or photographs in the field. One characteristic of qualitative research is the data collected in the form of words, images, and not numbers. The researcher also uses field notes in the form of observation notes and other sources. The data needed to answer the problems that want to be solved are (1) data on the types of errors in Indonesian that are good and correct in the public space, (2) data regarding social-community responses to errors in Indonesian that are good and correct in public space. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation and documentation. The results of the research obtained are (1) errors in Indonesian that are good and correct in the public space are divided into three parts, namely spelling mistakes, diction, and structure, (2) the most dominant use of Indonesian language is diction errors or word choices, ( 3) errors in public spaces contained in posters or nameplate / institutions / stores, contained in newspapers or mass media, and contained in social media, (3) responses in the social-community environment are indifferent and do not know that there are errors in Indonesian that are good and correct in the public space.
In Vitro Effects of Various Probiotic Products on Growth and Biofilm Formation of Clinical UPEC Strains
Authors: Gümüş Defne , Yüksek Fatma Kalayci , Bilgin Merve , Camadan Firdevs Deniz , Küçüker Mine Anğ
Published: July 2020

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most prevalent pathogen causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). UPECs have various virulence factors such as adhesins, biofilm forming and toxin producing etc., to survive in urinary tract. Under certain circumstances probiotics are preferred for prevention and treatment of UTIs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the in-vitro effects of four different Lactobacillus spp. cell-free supernatants on growth and biofilm formation inhibition in clinically isolated UPEC strains. Growths of 50 UPEC strains were determined in 96-well microplate and measured in a spectrophotometer after four hours incubation at 37°C. Biofilm formation was detected by crystal violet staining method on three UPEC strains. Statistical analysis of growth and biofilm formation experiments were performed by Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA Tukey’s multiple-comparison tests, respectively. All tested cell-free supernatans of lactobacilli inhibited growths (p<0. 0001) and biofilm formation (p<0.05) of UPECs. All results were found to be statistically significant. As a conclusion, our findings supported previous studies which reported the high efficiency of these four Lactobacillus spp. in the prevention of UTIs.
COVID-19: A Centennial Pandemic from Origin to Clinical Trials
Authors: Vidwans Ruddhida R , Lankadasari Manendra Babu
Published: July 2020

In December 2019, an unexpected interaction of coronavirus with human’s occurred for the third time in history after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012. Soon the virus was confirmed as SARS-CoV-2, and the severity of its transmission lead the World Health Organization to declare it as World Pandemic. Due to its highly contagious nature, new methods like social distancing, self-hygiene and quarantine were being adopted by many countries to halt the transmission. Due to the dearth in specific therapeutics and/or vaccines against Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), a significant thrust in drugs and vaccine discovery was ratified by all the nations. The current review comprehensively details about the emergence and molecular pathogenesis with an interesting timeline which notes all the major events during this crisis. Given the potential general readers and health workers, the symptoms and diagnostic approaches were simplified. Emphasis was given to therapeutic approaches and clinical trials section to support the translational research and to cope up with the viral outbreak.
Prediction of Magnetic Properties of a Plastically Deformed Steel and One Way to Measure its Plastic Deformation
Authors: Sablik M.J.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we use a phenomenological model based on the Jiles-Atherton-Sablik model of stress affecting the magnetic hysteresis of magnetic materials as modified when stress goes past the yield stress We use this to show that (1) the model produces sharp shearing of hysteresis curves, as seen experimentally and that (2) it also produces a step in the hysteresis loss at small residual plastic strain. We also find that the step in the hysteresis loss can be fitted to a power law, and find that the power law can be fitted by the power m=0.270, different from the mechanical Ludwik Law exponent, and reasonably close to the experimental 0.333 and 0.202. We will also suggest a method of measuring how plastically deformed the material is by suggesting how the dislocation density can be measured.
Pesticide Residues in Honey from Stingless Bee Melipona Subnitida (Meliponini, Apidae)
Authors: Pinheiro Carolina de Gouveia M. D. E. , Oliveira Fabiano Aurélio D. S. , Oloris Silvia Catarina S. , da Silva Jean Berg A. , Soto-Blanco Benito
Published: July 2020

The present study aimed to detect pesticide residues in the honey produced by the stingless bee Melipona subnitida. A total of thirty-five samples of honey from M. subnitida were collected from twelve municipalities of the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil. Of these thirty-five samples, fourteen were from colonies raised in an urban area, while the other twenty-one were from the countryside. The pesticides in the samples were extracted using a modified QuEChERS method. The simultaneous analysis of 116 analytes in the honey samples was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Twenty-five samples (71.4% of samples) were contaminated by some amount of pesticide, and of them twenty-four had just one pesticide and one had three. The detected compounds included organophosphate pesticides (OPP) monocrotophos (24 samples), trichlorfon (6 samples) and chlorpyrifos-methyl (2 samples). In conclusion, the honey produced by the stingless bee M. subnitida may be contaminated by pesticides, which emphasizes the need for food monitoring before commercialization.
The Individual Transport Mobility Gap (ITMG) as an Obstacle on the Road to Higher Rates of Public Transport Use
Authors: Bongard Stefan
Published: July 2020

Research purpose. The call for higher rates of public transport usage seems reasonable and understandable, given the growing impact of climate change and the high burden of heavy traffic, especially on urban transport structures. A course of Bachelor’s degree students in Logistics explored the issue of satisfaction with individual transport mobility, formulating the hypothesis that there must be a striking difference in the quality behind the use of a private car versus the use of public transport. The hypothesised difference in perceived quality between the two modes of transport was called the individual transport mobility gap (ITMG).

Design/Methodology/Approach. The ITMG was considered from the perspective of people who mainly use a car (car users) and who mainly use public transport (public transport users). Both groups were asked how they rate their preferred means of transport and how they rate the alternative mode of transport using an online questionnaire. The survey can be accessed online at: https://fhludwigshafen.eu.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6JOoxNvlSVxsdDv.

Findings. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis that there is a substantial perceived gap with an ITMG value of 4.0 between using a car versus using public transport for people who primarily use a car. In contrast, the ITMG value for public transport users was only 0.8.

Originality/Relevance/Practical Implications. The originality of this approach lies in surveying satisfaction with a mode of transport at a highly aggregated level rather than at the level of individual quality factors, such as punctuality or flexibility. ITMG is defined in this study as a valuable metric that provides a basis for comparison. This quantitative metric can in turn be used to determine the effectiveness of measures to increase usage rates of public transport. The study also provides practical findings by making available its database to other researchers for further evaluation purposes. The study also contributes to scholarly and public discourse on how to effectively reduce the satisfaction gap in the use of private cars versus public transport, thus resulting in improved outcomes for the environment and society.
“Not Even All Physicians Know Chinese Medicine!”: Analysing the Legitimation Strategies of Chinese Medicine in the Estonian Media
Authors: Koppel Katre , Uibu Marko
Published: July 2020

To exemplify the legitimation processes of a pluralistic health field this article focuses on representations of Chinese medicine and its most popular spokes-person, Rene Bürkland, in the Estonian media. From 320 media texts published between 2009 and 2018 we chose 12 for close analysis with the aim of detecting specific discourses, untangling implicit meanings, and demonstrating the complexity of the rhetorical formulations used to legitimate Chinese medicine. We identified five key discourses – discourses of Bürkland’s charisma, holistic health, individual autonomy, subtle body, and integrative medicine – underpinning various legitimation strategies which aim to change the position of Chinese medicine from alternative to integrative. Our study reveals that the absence of scientific rhetoric together with key discourses has left Chinese medicine and its spokesperson without the attention of biggest critics of CAM and, therefore, has secured a positive image for Chinese medicine in the public discourse.
Faces of Mongolian Fear: Demonological Beliefs, Narratives and Protective Measures in Contemporary Folk Religion
Authors: Solovyeva Alevtina
Published: July 2020

This article looks at the perceptions of fear and ‘the frightening’ in contemporary Mongolian demonology. In the article, I discuss beliefs concerning both human and supernatural – what is supposed to be frightening for humans and what is supposed to be frightening for spirits, ghosts and demons. In daily interaction with the supernatural this mutual ‘fright’ can be regarded as an important part of communication. In this article, I discuss what is believed to be the most frightful for humans and for supernatural agents, what kinds of image this fear relates to and what the roots of these beliefs are, as well as the popular ways to confront and defend against ‘frightening’ in Mongolian folklore.

My research is based on fieldwork materials collected during annual expeditions in different parts of Mongolia (2006–2017) and Mongolian published sources such as Mongolian newspapers and journals, special editions of stories about encounters with the supernatural.
Exploring Mechanisms of Recruitment and Recruitment Cooperation in Respondent Driven Sampling
Authors: Lee Sunghee , Ong Ai Rene , Elliott Michael
Published: July 2020

Respondent driven sampling (RDS) is a sampling method designed for hard-to-sample groups with strong social ties. RDS starts with a small number of arbitrarily selected participants (“seeds”). Seeds are issued recruitment coupons, which are used to recruit from their social networks. Waves of recruitment and data collection continue until reaching a sufficient sample size. Under the assumptions of random recruitment, with-replacement sampling, and a sufficient number of waves, the probability of selection for each participant converges to be proportional to their network size. With recruitment noncooperation, however, recruitment can end abruptly, causing operational difficulties with unstable sample sizes. Noncooperation may void the recruitment Markovian assumptions, leading to selection bias. Here, we consider two RDS studies: one targeting Korean immigrants in Los Angeles and in Michigan; and another study targeting persons who inject drugs in Southeast Michigan. We explore predictors of coupon redemption, associations between recruiter and recruits, and details within recruitment dynamics. While no consistent predictors of noncooperation were found, there was evidence that coupon redemption of targeted recruits was more common among those who shared social bonds with their recruiters, suggesting that noncooperation is more likely to be a feature of recruits not cooperating, rather than recruiters failing to distribute coupons.
Numerical Modeling of a Punch Penetration Test Using the Discrete Element Method
Authors: Basirat Rouhollah , Hamidi Jafar Khademi
Published: July 2020

Understanding the brittleness of rock has a crucial importance in rock engineering applications such as the mechanical excavation of rock. In this study, numerical modeling of a punch penetration test is performed using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The Peak Strength Index (PSI) as a function of the brittleness index was calculated using the axial load and a penetration graph obtained from numerical models. In the first step, the numerical model was verified by experimental results. The results obtained from the numerical modeling showed a good agreement with those obtained from the experimental tests. The propagation path was also simulated using Voronoi meshing. The fracture was created under the indenter in the first step, and then radial fractures were propagated. The effects of confining pressure and strength parameters on the PSI were subsequently investigated. The numerical results showed that the PSI increases with enhancing the confining pressure and the strength parameter of the rock, including cohesion and the friction angle. A new relationship between the strength parameters and PSI was also introduced based on two variable regressions of the numerical results.
Complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with ligand formed by condensation reaction of isatin with glutamic acid
Authors: Ferenc Wiesława , Osypiuk Dariusz , Sarzyński Jan , Głuchowska Halina
Published: July 2020

The complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with ligand (H2L=C13H12N2O5) formed by condensation reaction of isatin and glutamic acid were synthesized. Their physico-chemical properties were characterized using elemental analysis, XRF, XRD, FTIR, TG–DSC and TG–FTIR methods and magnetic measurements (Gouy’s and SQUID-VSM methods). The complexes were obtained in crystalline forms (monoclinic or triclinic) with the formulae: M(LH)2·nH2O for Mn(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) and ML·nH2O for Co(II) and Cu(II), where LH=C13H11N2O5–, L-=C13H10N2O52–, n = 1 for Mn(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II), n = 2 for Co(II) and n = 3 for Ni(II). In air at 293–1173 K they decompose in three steps forming finally the oxides of the appropriate metals. The gaseous decomposition products were identified as: H2O, CO2, CO, hydrocarbons and N2O. The magnetic moment values for complexes (except Zn(II) complex) show their paramagnetic properties with the ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions between central ions. The compounds of Mn(II) and Co(II) are high spin complexes with weak ligand field. In Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes two carboxylate groups take part in the metal ion coordination while in those of Mn(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) only one carboxylate anion coordinates to central ion.
VIBRATING TABLES WITH THE SPATIAL OSCILLATIONS OF THE MOVING FRAME TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES FOR FORMING REINFORCED CONCRETE PRODUCTS
Authors: Nesterenko Mykola , Nesterenko Mykola , Orysenko Olexandr , Sklyarenko Taras
Published: July 2020

A brief description of vibration tables with spatial oscillations of a moving frame and comparison of their technologicalpossibilities depending on their constructive execution are given. The methodology for evaluating the technological andstructural parameters of the vibration tables is also presented based on the use of a dimensionless complex parameter that enables to evaluate the consumer qualities of the vibrating tables, their technical level and competitiveness during the designand operation stage. The vibrating machines constructive designs schemes, their characteristics and the description of thescope of application are presented, which enables designers and manufacturers to orientate themselves in the variety of currently used vibration machines with spatial oscillations of the moving frame for the formation of the same type of reinforcedconcrete products.
DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS BRAKE AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEM SALES RESEARCH MANUFACTURED BY ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Nesterenko Mykola , Virchenko Viktor , Shapoval Mykola , Shokalo Artem
Published: July 2020

Problems in designing hydraulic brake systems of cars have been analyzed. The study of the braking process has conductedconsidering the distribution of forces on the axles during braking. The general support model research and support geometriccharacteristics are developed. The calculation of the car brake system has been conducted that enables to determine the load onthe caliper during the braking process and using graphic dependencies, and to determine the concentration of maximumstresses in the mounting areas of the support. Based on analytical studies in the Autodesk Fusion 360 3D Modeling program,a design has been implemented that features a smaller metal capacity at the expense of rational design and providing uniformstrength across the entire surface. Adaptive technologies also significantly accelerate the production of new parts due to thelack of need for the production of auxiliary equipment, such as molds.
A New Mode of Enterprise Management--Value Enterprise Management
Authors: Chen Yan
Published: July 2020

In the development of modern enterprises, the management mode is the main factor that determines the height of its development, so it is highly valued.The traditional management mode has many disadvantages, which can not comply with the development trend of the current market economy, which leads to the slow improvement of enterprise management level, which is not conducive to the operation and development of enterprises. The proposal of the concept of value-oriented enterprise management has become a new mode of enterprise management, which is helpful to speed up the reform process of enterprises and enhance their development vitality. Therefore, we should clarify the key points of the construction of the model and gradually improve the level of management. This paper analyzes the concept of value enterprise management, puts forward the application status and classification of value enterprise management model, and explores the construction strategy of value enterprise management model.
Psychological reactions of the population as a factor of adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sorokin M. Yu. , Kasyanov E. D. , Rukavishnikov G. V. , Makarevich O. V. , Neznanov N. G. , Lutova N. B. , Mazo G. E.
Published: July 2020

One of the many negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic is the “secondary epidemic” of negative psychological effects

The aim of the study was to identify socio-psychological factors associated with adaptive behavior in the population.

Materials and methods: an on-line survey of 1957 Russian-speaking respondents over 18 years old was performed from 30.03.2020 to 05.04.2020. The level of anxiety distress was verified with the psychological stress scale (PSM-25). Dispersion analyses were used (p<0.05). The size of the effects (SE) was evaluated according to Cohen’s d and Cramer’s V criteria.

Results: Increased levels of psychological stress were associated with self-isolation (SE=0.13), social distanc- ing (SE=0.14) and antiseptic usage (SE=0.11). The scores of psychological stress were higher in individuals who search the media for coronavirus news more than once or twice a day (SE=0.11). At the same time, the fre- quency of requests for information about COVID-19 was not linearly associated to the individuals fears for their own lives. The concerns about the availability of protective equipment were specifically associated to compliance with self-isolation measures (SE=0.1). The combination of concerns about the contagiousness of the virus and the unavailability of medication for daily intake were associated with the principles of social distance (SE=0.12 and SE=0.11 respectively). Moreover, concerns about the lack of specific treatment for COVID-19, the danger to one’s own life, the contagiousness of the virus and the lack of protective equipment were associated with the protective behaviours related to hand hygiene (SE=0.12, SE=0.12, SE=0.11, SE=0.11 respectively). Wearing a mask was characterized by the same anxiety patterns as hand hygiene, but their association was inverse (respectively SE=0.13, SE=0.12, SE=0.14, SE=0.15). The most common type of anxious experience—fear for the health of relatives—was not specifically associated with certain types of behavior and accompanied each of its variants.

Conclusion: Psychological reactions of the population to the COVID-19 pandemic are specifically associated with adaptive behavior in the dynamics of anti-epidemic measures.
Sequential order of swing phase initiation in baseball
Authors: Stewart Ethan , Stewart Megan , Simpson Jeffrey , Knight Adam , Chander Harish , Shapiro Robert
Published: July 2020

In order to successfully hit a baseball, hitters must utilize a series of preparatory movements (swing phases) which include shifting their body weight, stepping, landing, and swinging. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between start times for swing phases (shifting, stepping, landing, and swinging)for currently active baseball players. Participants ( n = 12) were all current collegiate baseball athletes. Retroreflective markers, surface electromyography (EMG) and two force platforms were utilized to complete a swing analysis. Each participant completed five swinging trials off a tee. All dependent variables were compared using a repeated measures 1×4 ANOVA with LSD post hoc comparison ( p < 0.05) if necessary. The results demonstrated that the participants started the swing phases in a statistically significant sequence of shifting, stepping, landing, and swinging. The ability of the athletes to start the swing phases in this sequential order may be advantageous to regulate spatial parameters of their swing and provide more time to generate power. These results allow for coaches to better understand how to instruct their athletes to be successful at the plate.
Weeds as Reservoirs of Plant Pathogens Affecting Economically Important Crops
Authors: Byron Morgan , Treadwell Danielle D , Dittmar Peter J.
Published: July 2020

Weeds are a major contributor to yield loss and reduction in yield quality in an agricultural setting, competing with the crop for resources like light, water, and nutrients. This competition along with the cost of weed management strategies like tillage and herbicides, are responsible for the economic impact of weeds, which can reach into the billions. In addition to the damage caused by direct competition, weeds can also harm crop plants by acting as reservoirs for destructive plant pathogens, the insect vectors that move these pathogens from plant to plant, or both. The objective of this publication is to summarize previously published weed-pathogen associations to help growers scout and monitor pathogens in weeds near production areas.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1335
白山市旅游气象条件分析
Authors: 零 磊 , 胥 珈珈 , 李 佳奇
Published: July 2020

本文采用白山站1981-2015年的逐日平均温度、平均相对湿度、平均风速及平均日照时数数据,计算各县区的温湿指数、风寒指数、穿衣指数,并结合白山地域特点,通过专家打分法和层次分析法,确定影响白山旅游气候舒适度的因子以及各因子的权重,建立了适用于白山的旅游气候舒适度评价模型并对白山市旅游气象条件进行了分析。随着气温上升,各月温湿指数、风寒指数明显升高,穿衣指数降低历年的综合舒适度指数存在一个3-5年的变化周期。年综合舒适度指数总体是上升趋势,存在小幅度的波动,上下波动幅度在3-4之间。1月、2月、12月为极不舒适月份,其中1月、2月的月综合舒适度指数等级为1,3月、11月为不舒适月份,4月为较不舒适,5月-9月份的综合舒适度指数等级在6.1-7.5之间,为最佳旅游适宜期。这一期间,建议因地制宜,大力发展山区生态旅游业。
DIFFERENT USER GROUPS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND THEIR ICT COMPETENCE: EVIDENCE FROM THREE COUNTRIES IN CENTRAL EUROPE
Authors: Eger Ludvík , Klement Milan , Tomczyk Łukasz , Pisoňová Mária , Petrová Gabriela
Published: July 2020

The preferences in the use of ICT at school and at home are varied among young people due to development of ICT in the 21st century environment. Educators need to pay attention to differences among groups of ICT users and their influence on teaching and the learning process. The purpose of this research was to identify the levels of ICT competence of university students and to assess differences in their use of ICT with special focus on social networks and mobile phones. The questionnaire survey at four universities in three countries was conducted to identify how university students use ICT for learning and out-of-school activities. The participants were 1348 university students. The obtained results only partially confirmed the general assumption that young people (Millennials) in contemporary society are characterized by skilled use of ICT in their everyday life. The application of cluster analysis found four different user groups according to their use of ICT in their life. Educators should be aware of the user groups’ differences among students and take them into account when planning, implementing and evaluating the teaching and learning process. Keywords: ICT competence, university students, ICT use, user groups.
Como trabalham os comunicadores na pandemia do Covid-19?
Authors: Figaro Roseli , Visibeli Barros Janaina , Rodrigues da Silva Naiana , Acosta Camargo Camila , Marques da Silva Ana Flávia , Moliani João Augusto , Kinoshita Jamir Osvaldo , Ferreira de Oliveira Daniela
Published: July 2020

Este artigo trata dos resultados da pesquisa: Como trabalham os comunicadores na pandemia da Covid-19? A investigação não probabilística, de carácter exploratório, aplicou questionário com questões abertas e fechadas, online, via plataforma do Google, no período de 5 a 30 de abril, e ficou disponível nas redes sociais do Centro de Pesquisa em Comunicação e Trabalho e de parceiros da pesquisa. O questionário obteve 557 respondentes comunicadores de todo o país, em diferentes atividades laborais. Os resultados, discutidos neste artigo, mostram que há aumento das jornadas de trabalho, há intensificação da atividade laboral, com uso de equipamentos próprios, cujos custos oneram o comunicador; intensificou-se o uso das plataformas e aplicativos no processo produtivo, para a organização, controle da gestão do trabalho, da rotina produtiva e, sobretudo, do fluxo de informação. As empresas, em geral, adotaram o home office e, quando a atividade não permite o distanciamento, criaram turnos mistos, presencial e a distância, nesses casos, a adoção de EPIs se apresenta como um complicador da relação trabalhador-empresa-público. No home office, os comunicadores precisam reorganizar o espaço doméstico e o acompanhamento dos filhos. Os profissionais se sentem mais cansados, inseguros com o futuro, temem o contágio, pela vida dos familiares, a situação de colapso do sistema de saúde, mas preocupam-se com o trabalho: perder o emprego, ter redução de salário, perder contratos etc. são preocupações que atormentam e tornam as jornadas mais estressantes. Mesmo com todos esses problemas, há um grande engajamento para a realização do trabalho.
Comportamiento agro-productivo del Axonopus scoparius frente a niveles de fertilización en el Cantón Morona - Provincia Morona Santiago
Authors: Arias Alemán Luis , Ulloa Ramones Luis , Condo Plaza Luis
Published: July 2020

La producción de Axonopus scoparius se desarrolló en los predios de la ESPOCH extensión Morona Santiago, para lo cual se utilizó cinco tratamientos (T0: sin abono, T1: 10-30-10 + úrea, T2: gallinaza + úrea, T3: 10-30-10 + gallinza + úrea y T4: Cuyinaza + úrea) con cuatro repeticiones, los mismos que se distribuyeron en 20 parcelas experimentales de 5 x 4, considerando que únicamente se tomó los datos de 16 metros cuadrados como parcela neta; los resultados obtenidos se analizaron bajo un Diseño de Bloques Completamente al Azar y separación de medias según Tukey. Periódicamente se realizó la toma de datos, tales como: la altura y producción de forraje, cuando el pasto ´llegó a su clímax. Una vez procesada la información se pudo determinar, que la altura del Axonopus scoparius inicial, a los 15, 30, el peso de la biomasa de 16 metros cuadrados, incremento de peso diario, producción de forraje por hectárea, carga animal estimada a los 90, 18 y 270 días no registró diferencias significativas; mientras que la altura a los 75 y 90 días fue 117.05 y 148.73 cm, el incremento de la altura durante los 90 días fue 145 cm y el crecimiento diario de la planta fue 1.61 cm, siendo el más eficiente la utilización del tratamiento 10-30-10 + gallinaza + urea.
Effects of increased irradiance on biomass, photobiology, nutritional quality, and pigment composition of Arctic sea ice algae
Authors: Lund-Hansen LC , Hawes I , Hancke K , Salmansen N , Nielsen JR , Balslev L , Sorrell BK
Published: July 2020

Ice algae are key contributors to primary production and carbon fixation in the Arctic, and light availability is assumed to limit their growth and productivity. We investigated photo-physiological responses in sea ice algae to increased irradiance during a spring bloom in West Greenland. During a 14 d field experiment, light transmittance through sea ice was manipulated to provide 3 under-ice irradiance regimes: low (0.04), medium (0.08), and high (0.16) transmittances. Chlorophyll a decreased with elevated light availability relative to the control. Maximum dark-adapted photosynthetic efficiency (ΦPSII_max) showed an initially healthy and productive ice algae community (ΦPSII_max > 0.6), with ΦPSII_max decreasing markedly under high-light treatments. This was accompanied by a decrease in the light utilization coefficient (α) and photosynthetic capacity (maximum relative electron transfer rate), and a decrease in the ratio of mono- to polyunsaturated fatty acids. This was partly explained by a corresponding increase of photoprotective pigments (diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin), and a development of mycosporine-like amino acids as identified from a distinctive spectral absorption peak at 360 nm. After 14 d, in situ fluorescence imaging revealed significant differences in ΦPSII_max between treatments of dark-adapted cells (i.e. those sampled before sunrise and after sunset), during diel cycles, with clear chronic photoinhibition in high and medium treatments. Data demonstrate the high sensitivity of spring-blooming Arctic sea ice algae to elevated irradiance caused by loss of snow cover. The predicted loss of snow cover on landfast ice will negatively impact ice algae, their potential primary production, and nutritional quality for higher trophic levels.
Influence of environmental variability on harbour porpoise movement
Authors: Stalder D , van Beest FM , Sveegaard S , Dietz R , Teilmann J , Nabe-Nielsen J
Published: July 2020

The harbour porpoisePhocoena phocoenais a small marine predator with a high conservation status in Europe and the USA. To protect the species effectively, it is crucial to understand its movement patterns and how the distribution of intensively used foraging areas can be predicted from environmental conditions. Here, we investigated the influence of both static and dynamic environmental conditions on large-scale harbour porpoise movements in the North Sea. We used long-term movement data from 57 individuals tracked during 1999-2017 in a state-space model to estimate the underlying behavioural states, i.e. whether animals used area-restricted or directed movements. Subsequently, we assessed whether the probability of using area-restricted movements was related to environmental conditions using a generalized linear mixed model. Harbour porpoises were more likely to use area-restricted movements in areas with low salinity levels, relatively high chlorophyllaconcentrations and low current velocity, and in areas with steep bottom slopes, suggesting that such areas are important foraging grounds for porpoises. Our study identifies environmental parameters of relevance for predicting harbour porpoise foraging hot spots over space and time in a dynamic system. The study illustrates how movement patterns and data on environmental conditions can be combined, which is valuable to the conservation of marine mammals.
NITROGEN LOST BY AMMONIA VOLATILISATION, AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF UREA AND AMMONIUM SULPHATE FERTILISERS
Authors: Theobald P.W. , Ball P.Roger
Published: July 2020

When nitrogen fertiliser is applied to soil, some of the N may be lost to the atmosphere in the form of ammonia. Different forms of fertiliser are more or less susceptible to losing N after application, and climatic conditions are known to influence volatilisation rates.
Organic Plant Biostimulants and Fruit Quality—A Review
Authors: Rodrigues Mayara , Baptistella João Leonardo Corte , Horz Daniele Caroline , Bortolato Laura Minatel , Mazzafera Paulo
Published: July 2020

Plant biostimulants have been increasingly used in agriculture. Plant biostimulants have been mostly investigated regarding their stress attenuation and only a few reports have brought information on their effects on fruit quality, which is related to appearance, chemical and physical attributes. Due to their organic nature, they have a sustainable appeal, attending the demand of consumers worried about the beneficial effects of healthier foods. This review turns evident the little information available on this matter. As fruits have differentiated metabolism, from pollination to harvest and after-harvesting, it is suggested that further research should focus separately on each stage. Thus, research should aim at quality formation, when the fruits are still attached to the plant, and shelf life extension, after harvesting.
Short Term Cotton Lint Yield Improvement with Cover Crop and No-Tillage Implementation
Authors: McDonald Mark D. , Lewis Katie L. , Ritchie Glen L.
Published: July 2020

No-tillage has been used for mitigating wind erosion on the Southern High Plains US for decades. This study investigated the effects of tillage and nitrogen (N) fertilizer timing on cotton lint yield, fiber quality, and seed N content during a three-year transition from conventional tillage (CT) to a no-tillage system both with a wheat (Triticum aestivum) cover crop (NTW) and without a cover crop (NT). Lint yield was different between tillage systems within each year with the NTW system producing greater lint yield than the CT system in the second and third year of the transition period. The concentration of cotton seed N was not different within years, although it was decreased in the no N added control in the third year. Cotton fiber strength was increased in the NTW system compared to the CT system in the second year of the study. However, the CT system produced increased fiber strength compared to the other two systems in 2018 and is likely the result of late-season weather conditions. It was determined that implementing a NTW system may increase lint yield within the first few years and has no effect on most fiber quality parameters, especially in environmentally challenging conditions.
Impact of the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution and Anthropogenic Factors on the Dispersion of Asian Black-Spined Toads (Duttaphrynus melanostictus)
Authors: Othman Siti N. , Chen Yi-Huey , Chuang Ming-Feng , Andersen Desiree , Jang Yikweon , Borzée Amaël
Published: July 2020

Divergence-time estimation critically improves the understanding of biogeography processes underlying the distribution of species, especially when fossil data is not available. We hypothesise that the Asian black-spined toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, expanded into the Eastern Indomalaya following the Quaternary glaciations with the subsequent colonisation of new landscapes during the Last Glacial Maximum. Divergence dating inferred from 364 sequences of mitochondrial tRNAGly ND3 supported the emergence of a common ancestor to the three D. melanostictus clades around 1.85 (±0.77) Ma, matching with the Lower to Mid-Pleistocene transition. Duttaphrynus melanostictus then dispersed into Southeast Asia from the central Indo-Pacific and became isolated in the Southern Sundaic and Wallacea regions 1.43 (±0.10) Ma through vicariance as a result of sea level oscillations. The clade on the Southeast Asian mainland then colonised the peninsula from Myanmar to Vietnam and expanded towards Southeastern China at the end of the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution 0.84 (±0.32) Ma. Population dynamics further highlight an expansion of the Southeast Asian mainland population towards Taiwan, the Northeastern edge of the species’ range after the last interglacial, and during the emergence of the Holocene human settlements around 7000 BP. Thus, the current divergence of D. melanostictus into three segregated clades was mostly shaped by Quaternary glaciations, followed by natural dispersion events over land bridges and accelerated by anthropogenic activities.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Horses
Authors: Steinman Amir , Navon-Venezia Shiri
Published: July 2020

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly recognized global public health threat to the modern health-care system that could hamper the control and treatment of infectious diseases [...]