bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topography-Guided Custom Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia in Primary Eyes With the WaveLight EX500 Platform
Authors: Faria-Correia Fernando , Ribeiro Sara , Monteiro Tiago , Lopes Bernardo T. , Salomão Marcella Q. , Ambrósio Renato
Published: August 2018

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the outcomes after topography-guided ablation treatment (T-CAT) for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

METHODS:

This was a retrospective, non-comparative case series study of 25 patients (40 eyes) with low to moderate myopia with or without astigmatism who underwent topography-guided custom PRK with the Wave-Light EX500 excimer laser platform (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX). The customized treatment plan was based on Topolyzer Vario topography system (Alcon Laboratories, Inc.) data. The patients were observed for 6 months after the procedure.

RESULTS:

The surgery significantly reduced the manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE), sphere, and cylinder (
P
< .05) at 6 months of follow-up. Compared with the preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), 8 (20%) and 10 (25%) of 40 eyes gained one or more lines of postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Only 1 eye presented loss of one line of CDVA at 6 months postoperatively, which was due to delayed epithelial healing. Ten patients (15 eyes) reported symptoms related to dry eye and the vision of 21 patients (17 eyes) fluctuated during the first month.

CONCLUSIONS:

The T-CAT custom PRK procedure provided good early outcomes for treating patients with low to moderate myopia with or without astigmatism.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(8):541–546.]
Bernal Díaz del Castillo: memoria, invención y olvido
Authors: Martínez Martínez María del Carmen
Published: August 2018

Este artículo da a conocer documentos inéditos que esclarecen el debate abierto sobre Bernal Díaz del Castillo. Se demuestra su capacidad para escribir e incluso su actuación como «escribano». Se recogen testimonios de contemporáneos que le atribuyen la autoría de la Historia verdadera. Se recupera el pleito con el fiscal Villalobos, en el que se conservan tres peticiones del conquistador, y la probanza ad perpetuam rei memoriam que hizo en la villa del Espíritu Santo en marzo de 1539, en la que no consta su participación en la expedición de Grijalva.
Institucionalidad y poder. La expulsión de los jesuitas y los colegiales reales del Real Colegio Mayor y Seminario de San Bartolomé, Santafé de Bogotá
Authors: Marín Leoz Juana María
Published: August 2018

La expulsión de la Compañía de Jesús de la Nueva Granada el 1 de agosto de 1767, no supuso la extinción del Colegio Seminario de San Bartolomé, dirigido por la Compañía desde su fundación en 1605. Así, el presente artículo se pregunta por las circunstancias y factores que contribuyeron a esta continuidad a partir del análisis de la tipología colegial de la institución, específicamente de la creación de las becas reales bartolinas en 1664 y la incorporación de las élites administrativas a la misma. En este escenario, los fondos documentales del Archivo Histórico Javeriano Juan Manuel Pacheco S. J. nos permiten analizar la dual y connivente gestión del Colegio Seminario que garantizó su continuidad a partir de 1767.
Servir al rey sin desconsuelo. La cuestión del matrimonio de los miembros de la Audiencia de Manila en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Manchado López Marta M.ª
Published: August 2018

Este trabajo está dedicado al estudio de la problemática del matrimonio de los miembros de la audiencia de Manila en el siglo XVIII, a partir del caso del oidor don José Gonzalo de Leaegui, abordándola desde una doble perspectiva: la de los funcionarios filipinos y la del rey y su Consejo de Indias (quienes no mantuvieron siempre una postura concordante). El conflicto entre planteamientos jurídicos diversos se resolverá con la adopción de una política pragmática y casuística, profundamente contradictoria. Esta investigación se ha realizado a partir del análisis de una gran cantidad de fuentes inéditas procedentes del Archivo General de Indias (Sevilla).
Key Factors Affecting the Investment Attractiveness of an Oil Producing Country
Authors: Nurseiit Nurlan , Sadvakassov Darmen
Published: August 2018

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the engine of growth of all countries, contributing to the inflow of financial capital, technology, skills, employment, to the establishment of production of modern goods and services, which enables a national economy to become more competitive in the global market. However, the developing or transition countries often lack the capital to finance their own development. Analysis of 21 developed and developing oil-producing countries from 2008 to 2014 show that the most important factors for attracting investment in the oil and gas sector are the discovery of attractive fields, the creation of a developed and modern infrastructure, increases proven reserves of hydrocarbons, and of corruption. Less important but still factors are a stable currency, an open trade regime, favorable business conditions, as well as lower taxes on oil-producing business.
Turkey's Path Towards an Energy Market
Authors: Gökirmak Haşmet
Published: August 2018

This chapter discusses the possibility of developing an energy market in Turkey. Turkey currently serves as an energy transit corridor, with the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) and Kirkuk-Ceyhan pipelines and with its seaborne oil trade, where large volumes are carried by tankers through its straits. Turkey also has the potential to become an energy market with new projects connecting producers in Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Caucasus, and major consumers of oil and natural gas in Europe and other regions of the world. Two recent megaprojects, The Trans Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline Project (TANAP) and Turkish Stream will move Turkey closer to fulfilling this dream. Turkey, however, needs to meet some requirements to be considered a mature energy market. These are related, among others, to factors such as its infrastructure, storage capacity, market reforms, and easy market access for private firms to actively participate in the energy market.
The Asymmetry of the Global Changes
Authors: Aida Guliyeva , Ulviyya Rzayeva
Published: August 2018

The object of the study is the asymmetry of interests in geopolitics between developed and developing countries. In the context of the global crisis, the issue of de-dollarization is relevant from the political and economic points of view. What will be the behavior of small oil countries in this situation is a big problem. Also, for them, the question remains how to get off the oil needle in a painless way? The ways of solving the above-mentioned problem by other states are examined in detail, and comparative analysis is conducted in the case of applying these methods to Azerbaijan.
Central Asia's Role in China's Energy Security
Authors: Duarte Paulo Afonso Brardo
Published: August 2018

Central Asia has gained extraordinary importance in recent years in the framework of global energy security. China is the most significant example of a power that looks to its periphery as a viable option for energy supply. In Central Asia, Chinese companies are dynamic players having even broken the long Soviet and Russian monopoly over regional pipelines. This chapter examines the importance of the region within China's energy security, while not overlooking the potential contribution of the China-Pakistan economic corridor in the energy transit. In addition, Central Asia is likely to help China reduce the energy deficit in Xinjiang, through the import of hydroelectricity generated in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Although Central Asia's contribution to global energy security is low, it matters in a context of energy diversification, in which China's One Belt One Road brought a more promising dynamics to the cooperation between Beijing and Central Asian countries.
Effect of Supply Chain Management Practices on Organizational Performance
Authors: Aswini Priya S.  , Gopal Pulidindi Venu , Subashini R.  , Velmurugan G.
Published: August 2018

The main purpose of this study is to determine the impact of supply chain management practices (i.e., strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship, level of information sharing, quality of information sharing, postponement, and risk and reward sharing on organizational performance, that is, marketing performance and financial performance). The instrument is adopted, and it is administered to 115 target respondents from 6 organizations in Chennai. A valid of 100 samples is taken for further analysis, and multiple regression analysis is employed to determine the purpose of the study. The findings indicated that supply chain management practices (i.e., strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship, level of information sharing, quality of information sharing, postponement, and risk and reward sharing) have significant and positive impact on organizational performance (i.e., marketing and financial performance). The limitations, discussions, implications, and further research will be outlined and delineated.
Macroalgal Value Chain
Authors: Nayar Sasi , Zhang Wei , Roos Göran
Published: August 2018

The economic potentional for the algae industry is seemingly limitless. The range of products that are obtained from macroalgae and that we use in our daily lives suggests that, at least in the developed world, we cannot live through a single day without using something that at least contains some macroalgal-derived constituents or something that has required the use of macroalgal products in its manufacturing process. With applications as diverse as food for human consumption (e.g., the wrap on a sashimi roll), as a food additive (e.g., to improve mouthfeel in yogurt), in cosmetics (facial scrubs and soaps) through to screen printing (materials for shirts, skirts, and bed sheets) and even in the production of welding rods that have been used in assembling the steel frames of household furniture (to ensure an even burn and smooth join) the uses are limitless. This chapter explores these uses.
Conclusions for South Australia From the Analysis
Authors: Roos Göran , Cheshire Anthony
Published: August 2018

South Australia has comparative advantages in the early stages of the macroalgal value chain. This provides a foundation for building a macroalgal aquaculture and high-value products processing industry. To make this happen, there needs to be a coordinated effort between stakeholders to further the sustainable development of the South Australian bio-economy based on the cultivation of macroalgae biomass. This chapter explores this conclusion.
Insights From the Forestry Value Chain's Move Into High-Value Products
Authors: Roos Göran
Published: August 2018

It seems that all industrialised sectors grounded in natural biological raw materials go through the same cycle of commencing with low-value-added products. As scientific and technical knowledge develops, this opens the pathway towards higher value-added activities, which is taken by some part of the existing firms in the sector and also by other firms outside the original sector. There may be insights to be had for an industry like the macroalgae industry that is in the early phases of this development by looking at insights from an industry that is in later phases having gone through many cycles. This chapter aims to very briefly make some illustrations from the development in the forestry-based sector that might carry some insights for the emerging macroalgae sector.
Relevance of Impact Studies on the Environmental Impacts of Tourism and Sustainability
Authors: Sharma Ravi , Rao Prakash
Published: August 2018

The chapter investigates the relationship and trends in tourism-environmental impact studies in research communities for past 10 years. It discusses the various components and categories of the environmental impacts within context to the tourism. To achieve the purpose, a bibliometric study of the Scopus-indexed publications was conducted and analyzed for three themes using the Scopus search-defined parameters. During the search defining parameters, a total of 125, 28, and 88 relevant documents were obtained from the database for the theme, tourism-environmental impact overall studies, tourism-environmental impact and carrying capacity, socio-cultural and perception-based relevant studies, respectively. Based on the results, the authors conclude that there is a significant increase in environmental impact and tourism-related studies in the past 10 years. European countries have a major contribution towards environmental impact and tourism studies as compared to other Asian countries. The technical studies using tools of assessment for environmental impacts and tourism linkages is still insufficient.
Ecotourism in Protected Areas
Authors: Sinclair-Maragh Gaunette M.
Published: August 2018

This chapter explores the role of ecotourism in the sustainable development of protected areas. It specifically examines the aims of ecotourism in simultaneously contributing to economic development and environmental sustainability in protected areas. The chapter further analyzes protected areas within the ecological, human, and institutional dimensions, and demonstrates how the outcomes of ecotourism are linked to the economic, social, and environmental pillars that drive sustainable development. The chapter also discusses challenges surrounding the sustainability of ecotourism in protected areas and several mitigation strategies. It concludes that while ecotourism aims for economic development it can have detrimental effects on the ecological resources and host communities if not managed in a strategic sustainable way. The chapter recommends that ecotourism in protected areas should be carried out within the realm of environmental justice where all stakeholders and the natural environment are treated with respect and equity.
Accessing Community Rights and Livelihood Through Tourism
Authors: Chanchani Aditi , Ranjan Rajesh
Published: August 2018

The Sundarbans is the mangrove forests of the Gangetic delta spread across parts of Bangladesh and India, with the majority lying in the former country. Over the past two decades, the people of the islands have been faced with growing restrictions on their access to the forests. They now look towards tourism as an alternative source of livelihood. Tourism is rapidly developing in the region since the beginning of the 21st century, and the area is popular among national and international tourists. However, the ill-effects of mainstream tourism on the local population are also visible here. This chapter traces the different phases of a community-based tourism initiative by the people of Kumirmari, an island in the Sunderbans. This alternative model of tourism aims to combine aspects of community involvement, ownership, governance, benefits, and empowerment, and support the local people in accessing their community and livelihood rights.
Environmental and Socio-Cultural Impact of Tourism
Authors: Sharma Ravi , Chaurasia Sushil S. , Balakrishnan Shravan
Published: August 2018

The significance of examining and assessing environmental impacts of tourism is vital for maintaining environmental sustainability and regional growth in the long run. The purpose of this study is to understand the local perceptions of environmental effects caused due to tourism. A pre-tested survey mechanism for the impact pointers was used to collect the data. Analysis of variance pairwise comparison test was used to identify any significant variance in the respondents' perceptions towards selected factors of tourism impact based on locality. The results show that the local communities have strong perceptions of the undesirable economic influences of tourism although it is also signified that certain people who are in no direct contact with the tourism location perceive it in a projected way.
Estimating Visitors' Willingness to Pay for Lake Conservation
Authors: Bake Harsha , Sharma Ravi
Published: August 2018

The ecosystem benefits associated with the lakes in an urban area may degrade because of recreational and other anthropogenic activities. Pashan Lake has been a victim of many human development and recreation activities presented in this study and therefore calls for serious restoration and its conservation and recommendations for urban local bodies. The ill-effects of poor management of the lake and health of lake were deliberated through the visitors' survey. The objective of the study is to determine the willingness of people to pay towards conservation of Pashan Lake and estimating visitors' WTP for the entrance fee to the lake using the contingent valuation method. The decision to introduce entry fees can be a measure to safeguard the Pashan Lake conservation and part of the management decisions. Proper management of the lake must be ensured to remove all the threats to the natural biodiversity of the lake and its ecosystem.
Knowledge Transfer Conditioning by the Communication Processes in the IT/IS Area
Authors: Setti Adriane , Fernandes Silvia Brito
Published: August 2018

This chapter addresses the communication between information technology/information systems (IT/IS) professionals and their users in the corporate environment of the city of Curitiba (Brazil). The main goal was to analyze the communication processes and their pitfalls to knowledge transfer in this area. The study is exploratory considering that the desired number of responses was not reached. Results show that professionals have a communication whose terms make difficult users to understand them. Although it is not intentional, respondent professionals do not facilitate their understanding, what creates a knowledge bias between them. Conclusions suggest that professionals be formally prepared for customer service and manage their approach as user-cantered. Professionals need to be clear to users, in order to guarantee them confidence. Respondent users recognize the importance of IT/IS for their lives and companies; thus they expect professionals to share and explain well their actions/choices.
Knowledge Integration Strategy in Islamic Banks
Authors: Nurdin Nurdin
Published: August 2018

The importance of knowledge and cultural integration has been widely recognized as a vital condition to an organization survival, especially if knowledge and culture are diverse. This diversity needs to be integrated into organizations in order to establish common knowledge and culture to support its businesses. However, limited studies have been carried out in this area in particular within Islamic banks context. This chapter discusses the strategy of knowledge and culture integration in Islamic banks in Indonesia. This study used a case study approach. Data were gathered from direct observation, in-depth interviews with informants from different level of hierarchies, and written material. The results show that the process of knowledge integration was carried out through various mechanisms such as training, seminars, workshops, formal education, regular morning praying, and religious lectures. Some facilities such as internet, intranet, telephone, books, and brochures were also used to facilitate knowledge and culture integration of the bank. Knowledge integration in Islamic banks has resulted in common knowledge creation. However, employees' beliefs, norms, and values toward Islamic banks principle are not fully changed except in practicing Islamic symbolism in works place. A model for knowledge integration within Islamic banks context is proposed.
The Cultural and Institutional Barrier of Knowledge Exchanges in the Development of Open Source Software
Authors: Maulana Ikbal
Published: August 2018

Open source software (OSS) gives developing countries inexpensive or free alternatives to proprietary software. It gives them the opportunity to develop software and software industry without starting from scratch. This chapter discusses the diffusion and development of OSS in Indonesia especially after the government took “Indonesia, Go Open Source” (IGOS) initiative. This initiative united government organizations, communities, R&D institutions, and universities. While the government's concern was to tackle piracy by replacing illegal software with OSS, the others sought to develop their own OSS. However, the openness of their software is only in terms of that they were developed using OSS development tools, while their mode of development remained closed, which was caused by cultural barrier and institutional incompatibility between government's regime of project administration and the governance of OSS development.
The Customer as a Source of Open Innovation in the Tourism Sector
Authors: Iglesias-Sánchez Patricia P. , Correia Marisol B. , Jambrino-Maldonado Carmen
Published: August 2018

This chapter analyzes the implementation of open innovation supported by social media, aiming to make it more effective in the tourism sector. Regression analysis is used to verify the relationships between competitive environment, research and development (R&D)/innovation level, external openness, and open innovation implementation using a sample of 135 tourism companies in the south of Spain and Portugal. The potential of social media as an instrument for customer involvement in innovation processes is verified, as is the ongoing adoption of open innovation as a competitiveness strategy in the tourism industry. Regarding the practical implications, open innovation is becoming established and there is strategic support from social media. However, there is a lack of models to give structure to this new paradigm and allow its management. The originality of this chapter lies in combining the models proposed by Narver and Slater and Atuahene-Gima regarding the ways in which companies can approach open innovation.
Intermediates of Open Innovation in the Aquaculture Industry
Authors: Ramos Jorge , Ferreira Pedro Pousão
Published: August 2018

Aquaculture appears to be the most adequate and logical way to suit the protein production problem. Basically, because unlike fisheries that are highly unpredictable, aquaculture rearing is based upon production protocols. This chapter developed an argument supporting the above rationale. As it stands, the evidence suggests that with the current use of information technology, it becomes a common practice to exchange aquaculture knowledge between firms, research bodies, or non-governmental organizations. The interaction between the whole set of stakeholders, where a broad range of know-how and intermediate products and services are developed, generates innovation. Sharing know-how creates open innovation. Open innovation, by its turn, seeks efficiency and generates more sustainable production processes. The way knowledge transfer is delivered and its trends are dependent upon dimensions such as economic, social, and cultural factors.
A Tale of Different Realities
Authors: Pavão Pedro Nuno Rebelo , Couto João Pedro Almeida , Natário Maria Manuela Santos
Published: August 2018

This chapter aims to identify the determinants that affect innovation capacity at regional level in Europe. It proposes modelling the territorial innovation capacity and identifies relevant factors with influence on the innovation capacity at a regional level. The chapter uses the Regional Innovation Scoreboard database and cluster analysis to detect behavioral patterns in terms of innovation performance in European regions. The results show that innovation capacity is related to regional governance, and particularly regional autonomy, regional control of innovation policy, influencing the affectation of structural funds, and the region's location within the European Union. Cohesion policy criteria is also a significant factor, demonstrating the adequacy of the European regional policy's new programming regarding innovation policy. These results point to the importance of the participation of regions in formulation, and implementation bottom-up strategies to develop innovation dynamics and develop partnerships with other public and/or private actors.
Production and Transfer of Knowledge Between Citizens and Local Governments in Democratic Participatory Processes
Authors: Duarte de Sousa Vanessa , Dias Nelson , Almeida Maria Helena
Published: August 2018

Participatory budgeting has been progressively implemented by several Portuguese municipalities, encouraging a broad discussion about the importance of the participation of citizens in political life. This approach implies new forms of relationship between electors and elected little explored in the Portuguese democratic system. New learnings related to the dialogue among stakeholders and the possibility of coexistence of representative and participatory models have emerged. There is a transfer and production of knowledge between local governments and citizens that increases the field of opportunities for working together. After a theoretical reflection that refers to the key concepts coupled with this new form of exercising governance, the authors present data on the participatory budget of Cascais (region of Lisbon, Portugal) and the participatory deliberative experience consolidated in Portugal.
Contextually Intelligent Leadership for Improving Schools Across Different Contexts and Regions
Authors: Marishane Ramodikoe Nylon , Mampane Sharon Thabo
Published: August 2018

One of the main challenges facing school principals in many parts of the world today is how to create a meaningful balance between accountability and innovation. This challenge is rooted in the existing tension between managerialism and leadership theory prevailing across contexts and regions. It is manifested by two competing contextual demands put on school principals, namely, the demand for accountability for outcomes (expressed, among others, through standards-based accountability policies) on the one hand, and the demand for innovation and creativity current leadership theories postulate in view of the context of change schools are operating in. Based on the review of the literature, this chapter presents the tension between school leadership and management and how this manifests itself in both theory and practice. The chapter examines the potential for reducing the tension through contextual intelligence and concludes by outlining possible strategies to narrow the gap between the two and resolve the challenge.
Instructional Leadership as a Model for Leadership in Multi-Grade Schools
Authors: Taole Matshidiso Joyce
Published: August 2018

The chapter aims to examine leadership styles used by multi-grade principals and explore the skills needed by principals in multi-grade schools. The study was guided by the following research questions: (1) What are the leadership styles of multi-grade principals? and (2) What skills are needed for school leadership in multi-grade contexts? The chapter adopted a qualitative design, using interviews and “shadowing” as data collection instruments. The participants were six multi-grade teaching principals. Data obtained from the various sources were analyzed using the thematic analysis method. The findings revealed the prevalence of instructional leadership style among participants with the principal being both the academic leader and the instructional leader. In addition, participants emphasized the importance of collaborative leadership that relies on teamwork among teachers and community members in these small schools to ensure that the vision and the mission of the school is realized.
Digitally Mediated Leadership
Authors: Camilleri Patrick
Published: August 2018

The introduction of digital technologies and accompanying arbitrated attitudes in formal educational contexts have for a long time been expected to trigger radical transformation in schools. Yet, these still have to materialize. The subsequent engagement of the first generation of maturing digital natives as school-leaders is in itself not a guarantee that the associated and much-anticipated change will take place. In the interim, the situation is weighed against a theoretical backdrop that merges transformational leadership qualities, work experience and embraced interpretational traits, a designated group of Maltese school-leaders manifest with respect to technology inclusion in their school. Subsequently disclosed experiences and insights were used to synthesize forward directions that current school-leaders and future educational leadership personnel may choose to adopt for the initiation and setting of today's 21st century school leaders in the anticipation of tomorrow's schools.
Predictive Model of the Influence of Leadership Styles on Attitudes Towards Organizational Change Among Secondary School Teachers in Selangor
Authors: Chan Yuen Fook , Mukhtar Nusrah Ahmad , Noordin Norsidah Mohammed
Published: August 2018

The chapter aimed to examine the relationship of leadership styles and attitude towards organizational change among 360 secondary school teachers in Selangor. Statistical analysis techniques, namely, mean and standard deviation, Pearson product moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis, were used. Findings indicated that although teachers perceived the leadership styles of their principals were only at the moderate level, teachers showed a high level of positive attitude towards organizational change. There were positive relationships between principals' leadership styles and teachers' attitudes towards organizational change. The results also revealed that 11.8% of the variance of attitude towards organizational change is explained by transformational leadership style. Hence, transformational leadership style has an influence on the teachers' attitudes towards organizational change. The practical implications of these findings were discussed to provide insights for the improvement on leadership practices towards organizational change in the secondary schools in Malaysia.
Proposing a Leadership Model to Improve Underachieving Schools' Performance in Deprived Communities
Authors: Steyn Gertruida Maria
Published: August 2018

This chapter outlines the findings from a case study that explored how a South African primary school in a challenging context had improved and raised students' academic performance. It shows how the principal's leadership in collaboration with all role players was able to influence the school's ability to improve and sustain its improvement. The study, however, argues that a school facing challenging contexts requires appropriate differentiated strategies to ensure school improvement. It concludes by proposing a model in which schools in challenging contexts can improve student performance. This, however, implies that such schools need to be committed to change and identify “tailor-made” strategies to ensure improved performance.
Predictive Leadership Style of Private Secondary School Principals in Nigeria
Authors: Ahmadu Talatu Salihu , Kontagora Hafsat Lawal
Published: August 2018

This research is a qualitative study of two private secondary schools in Nigeria. Data was collected from eight (8) participants through in-depth interview (IDI). Observation was employed to triangulate and validate the leadership style claims of both principals and teachers as few researches have dwelled on such. Findings revealed that a situated involvement of teachers in responsibilities motivate them to do their most excellence to achieve result through initiating change in schools' organizations as well as others referred to as transformational leadership.
Community Colleges and Global Counterparts
Authors: Raby Rosalind Latiner
Published: August 2018

Higher education massification has broadened access to universities throughout the world. However, admission remains highly competitive. Alternative institutions emerged in each country to provide opportunities that would otherwise not exist. These institutions share specific commonalities and are seen as a unique higher educational sector. The Community College and global counterpart sector exists alongside the university sector and shares similarities in mission, philosophy, and institutional design.
Technical and Vocational Education in Jordan's Higher Education System
Authors: Janjua Sierra , Gaulee Uttam
Published: August 2018

This chapter outlines Jordan's higher education landscape highlighting the development of technical and vocational education and training, reflected in the development of community colleges in the country. The risks, challenges, and opportunities in regard to higher education are outlined and examined closely. This chapter also strives to uncover the key challenges that exist in higher education access for the large refugee population in Jordan and the plight of women in higher education in Jordan. Finally, some recommendations have been made to improve the higher education system by increasing access for the populations, particularly refugees and women, traditionally deprived of economic opportunities.
Codifying Civility on Campus for Employees and Students
Authors: Hollis Leah P.
Published: August 2018

School-level bullying and workplace bullying are globally recognized as threats to organizational productivity, emotional safety, psychological wellness, and overall morale. Consequently, some countries have instituted legislation to prohibit bullying at various levels in society. This essay will proceed from two vantage points. First, workplace bullying will be addressed, considering the cost to organizations and individuals. Second, school bullying will be addressed with an examination of the bully as a threat to the school's reputation and individual student welfare. Further, cyberbullying affects both children and adults. Therefore, the purpose of this essay is to consider policy development for international leaders who are managing both students and professional educators.
Education, Industry Partnership, and the Creation of Innovative Workforce Training Spaces
Authors: McDonnell Tom
Published: August 2018

This chapter describes the planning process undertaken by Metropolitan Community College (MCC) in Omaha, Nebraska to program and design three new academic buildings to meet demand for middle skill workforce training in the Omaha area. Context on the economic climate in the Omaha area is provided to establish the need for more extensive job training programs at MCC. This chapter also describes the engagement of a master planning consultant, as well as internal and external stakeholders to develop a comprehensive facilities master plan. Finally, a description of each of the new buildings is provided.
Healing
Authors: Ellington Linda Marie
Published: August 2018

This chapter, per the author, is to convey the significance in facilitating healing through storytelling empowering individuals to reclaim and build sustainable lives for themselves. People will feel the force of passion and commitment in their stories as they reflect and become inspired to act. When we help identify a way to transfer hurt to healing, we move people to consider what they might become if they are “more” than the hurt—more determined, more prepared, more confident, and more empowered. The purpose of this chapter is to advocate the use of storytelling as an effective medium to embrace in the positive power, benefit, and effect that stories have in the healing cycle. Stories may appear to be simplistic yet are purposeful. However, developmental psychologists point out that stories are not innocent as they always have a message. These emotionalized messages have been told over centuries and yet the messages are often lost, unappreciated, and unheard in the clutter of assumptions, caveats, data, and the fear that the storyteller will not be taken seriously.
Narratives of Writing as Healing
Authors: Bird Jennifer Lynne
Published: August 2018

Writing as an art form helps people heal physically, emotionally, and spiritually. This chapter uses the theory of narrative inquiry to present a first-person case study of the author's writing life dovetailed with research illustrating how writing helps people heal. Writing methods will help educators, patients, people experiencing struggles, and anyone who wants to transfer thoughts to the page. Writing helps people cope with adversity, reframe situations to show a more optimistic attitude, and feel safe because the written page will not judge its author. Journal prompts serve as resources for the reader to begin or continue a writing practice.
Advent of New Media Marketing Techniques
Authors: Gupta Harshita , Singh Saumya
Published: August 2018

The ever-changing marketing landscape has been upfront in adapting to innovations. People are getting attuned to tons of advancements concerning new media technologies over the past decade. For example, we now have different apps that are more mobile-friendly than inclined towards desktops. Such technological advancements have led to huge information generation every second. Today, information is best conceived when it is in form of attractive content. Content in this era majorly constitutes of audio-visual effects, also there is a gamut of interesting applications which has taken media to an inexplicable height. In such a dynamic environment, it is important to channelize one's efforts and resources towards profitable marketing. This is a period of disruption and whoever makes that first move to adopt it will have a greater hold on its customer base. The chapter guides the reader through the emerging new media marketing tools that can bring in the inevitable disruption.
Rhetoric of Advergames
Authors: Singh Pratibha Kumari
Published: August 2018

Advergames bring newness and engage better with customers. However, there is debate among marketers and communication experts as to how this tool could be exploited in the field of advertising and positioning of brands to the best of their advantage. The chapter thus aims to present arresting qualities of advergames under the rubric of rhetoric and claims that a deeper and meaningful understanding of multimodal rhetoric is needed to design and create these games. Further, to understand the working of these games and how they engage with the users, two advergames have been analyzed using multimodal analysis method, and a multimodal rhetorical framework (MRF) has been proposed for the perusal of marketers and communication experts to use as per their need and discretion.
Persuasive Advergames
Authors: Rathee Rupa , Rajain Pallavi
Published: August 2018

As the present consumer market is no longer bound to traditional forms of advertising, it has led to several advancements including marketing through online platforms like digital and social media. One such advertising format that appeals most to the youth is advergames. The younger generation spends lot of time on the internet, giving an opportunity to the marketers to make the best use of this medium. Advergames, which consist of online gaming and advertising, are considered a promising form of reaching the youth market. Therefore, this chapter attempts to deal with the concepts related to advergames and a small empirical study showing the impact of advergames on children. The results of the study showed that there existed a relationship between attitude towards advergames and several variables involved. The relationship was most significant between entertainment and attitude towards advergames. The study of demographic variables showed no significant impact of gender, but there was a significant correlation of age with the persuasion knowledge, escape, and attitude towards advergames.
Social Media as a Marketing Tool
Authors: Krishnamurthy Rajeshwari
Published: August 2018

This chapter talks about how social media can be used as a marketing tool. Right from describing the various forms of social media, it touches upon the different methods by which social media are engaged with by a marketer. The tasks of creating awareness, generating interest, encouraging action, resulting in purchase, and doing brand advocacy are all covered. There is also a section on how the marketer can evaluate the effectiveness of these social media options both in comparison with traditional media as well as in isolation.
Impact of Digital Advertising Post-Demonetization in India
Authors: Rathaur Kamal Singh , Agarwal Atul Kumar
Published: August 2018

Technological changes led to the rise of digital advertising, advertising using internet and other technologies. In India, digital advertising is in the nascent stage with most of the transactions taking place in cash. After demonetization, the surge in the digital advertising was seen. This chapter reviews articles, news reports, journals, and books, and discusses the aftermath of the process on retail and online shopping, how it paves the way for a new trend of digital marketing, and the implications of the same on online shopping and digital payments and implications on the rural consumer. The way we communicate has changed in the past 5 years. A few years back, people were skeptical to buy online, and we never thought we would buy groceries, furniture, cloths online, but now we book our shows, tickets, everything is online and in mobile.
Teenage Pregnancy
Authors: Handwerk Sandra E , Handwerk Katherine
Published: August 2018

This chapter discusses the role of healthcare leaders in reducing teenage pregnancy and in determining the scope and depth of teenage pregnancy in a community. The chapter examines current behavior change theories and the importance of using evidence-based programming to increase the success of teenage pregnancy prevention programs. The chapter will create the foundation for change and through interface with other chapters will provide a comprehensive picture of teenage pregnancy within a healthcare leadership context.
Causes and Factors Responsible for Teenage Pregnancy
Authors: Ramulumo Mashudu Richard
Published: August 2018

Teenage pregnancy in South African schools poses a serious management and leadership challenge. This chapter is based on the findings of a study that was conducted in South Africa, Limpopo Province. The aim of the study was to examine causes and factors responsible for teenage pregnancy in secondary schools in the Vhembe district of Limpopo Province, South Africa. This chapter explores the consequences of teenage pregnancy. Findings reveal that poverty, lack of parental guidance, and peer pressure could be some of the causes of teenage pregnancy. The study also suggests that pregnant learners are victims of expulsion or school dropout. The study further recommends that intervention programs be developed that include training of school management teams, school governing bodies, and educators to effectively educate and manage learners who are pregnant.
A Human Rights-Based Approach to Teenage Pregnancy Prevention in China
Authors: Luk Ching Yuen
Published: August 2018

This chapter examines the causes and consequences of teenage pregnancy in China and how to prevent teenage pregnancy using a human rights-based approach. It shows that teenage pregnancy is caused by social and cultural factors, including adolescents' more open attitude towards sex, the lack of formal and comprehensive sex education at schools, parents failing to be prominent socializing agents of sexuality for their children, and the problem of “left-behind” children in rural areas. Teenage pregnancy adversely affects adolescents, their babies, and their family in different ways. In order to solve the problem of teenage pregnancy, this study suggests the adoption of a human rights-based approach to teenage pregnancy prevention by recognizing adolescents' right to sexual and reproductive information and education, their right to sexual and reproductive health services, and their right to participate.
At the Mercy of Facebook
Authors: Akella Nirupama R.
Published: August 2018

This chapter is a meta-analysis of teen brain research and social media technology such as Facebook that could result in spiraling rates of teenage pregnancy. The author discusses contemporary theories of brain circuitry including teen brain structure and function as one of the plausible reasons for rising teenage pregnancy rates. The author argues that the challenge is to control the quality and influence of Facebook on teen behaviors, actions, and decisions to minimize the growing influence of social networking sites. In the conclusive section of the chapter, the author focuses on the expansion and extension of instructional and non-instructional physical activities, exergames, and active video games strategies to control the quality and influence of Facebook content by presenting research that advocates use of such activities and games within the Facebook interface. The author ends the chapter by mapping a future research direction of cross-cultural empirical investigation. The author wraps the chapter with a summative conclusion.
Situating Foucault in Teenage Pregnancy Prevention Measures
Authors: Akella Devi
Published: August 2018

In spite of declining teen birth rates, teenage pregnancy in USA remains the highest amongst the industrialized nations in the world. There appears to be a correlation between teenage pregnancy and the culture of the teenagers within the African-American population. African American teenagers may be influenced by the cultural norms of their community resulting in a cycle of teenage pregnancies over the generations. It is essential to break this cycle by influencing the behavior and perceptions of the teenagers towards early motherhood and pregnancies. Using empirical data from in-depth interviews conducted with school nurses and school counselors and Foucault's disciplinary strategies, this chapter suggests mentoring as a suitable teenage pregnancy preventive measure which might be effective in guiding and shaping the decisions and choices of African American teenagers in their lives.
Fundamentals of Opinion Mining
Authors: Seth Ashish , Seth Kirti
Published: August 2018

Mining techniques in computer science have been evolving for the last two decades. Opinion mining is the latest buzzword in this evolution and goes to a deeper level to understand the drive behind people's behavior. Due to the richness of social media opinions, emotions, and sentiments, opinion mining examines that how people feel about a given situation, be it positive or negative. This chapter primarily focuses on explaining the fundamentals of opinion mining along with sentiment analysis. It covers the brief evolution in mining techniques in the last decade. The chapter elaborates on the significance of opinion mining in today's scenario and its features. It also includes a section to discuss the applications, challenges and research scope in opinion mining.
Ontology-Based Opinion Mining
Authors: Jalota Chitra , Agrawal Rashmi
Published: August 2018

E-commerce business is very popular as a large amount of data is available on the internet in the form of unstructured data. To find new market trends and insight, it is very important for an organization to track the customers' opinions/reviews on a regular basis. Reviews available on the internet are very scattered and heterogeneous (i.e., structured as well as unstructured form of data). A good decision is always based on the quality of information within a specified period of time. Ontology is an explicit detailed study of concepts. The word ontology is borrowed from philosophy. It can also be defined as systematic maintenance of information about the things which already exist. In computer science, it could be said that it is a formal representation of knowledge with the help of a fixed set of believed concepts and the relationship between those concepts.