bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LE QUÉBEC DANS LE SYSTÈME FRANCOPHONE DE L’INFORMATION AU XIXe SIÈCLE
Authors: PINSON GUILLAUME
Published: October 2017

À Québec et en Louisiane, dans le dernier tiers du xviiie siècle, sont fondés les premiers journaux de langue française d’Amérique du Nord, tandis que le lancement du Journal de Paris en 1777 fait entrer la France dans le temps de la quotidienneté médiatique. Progressivement se constituent, de Paris à Bruxelles et à Genève, de Montréal à la Nouvelle-Orléans en passant par New York, de grands axes de circulation de journalistes, de corpus et d’imaginaires, à la source du premier mouvement de mondialisation médiatique dans sa dimension francophone, qui culmine au milieu du xixe siècle. Ce que nous appellerons la « francosphère médiatique » a ainsi reposé sur des traits culturels et littéraires (par la conscience d’user d’une langue commune prestigieuse — le français — avec ses oeuvres, ses auteurs et ses imaginaires collectifs), historiques (par la dynamique d’une « destinée » commune qui unit les deux façades atlantiques) et technologiques (par le développement des réseaux télégraphiques continentaux, du chemin de fer, des lignes maritimes et, en 1866, du premier câble transatlantique). Cet article posera ainsi l’hypothèse qu’il a existé, au milieu du xixe siècle et au coeur de ce système interconnecté, une littérature-journal de la francophonie qui s’est manifestée poétiquement sous la forme de certains genres journalistiques. Le genre de la chronique en a constitué le pivot central (nous en proposerons la synthèse avec ses grands praticiens, en France, en Belgique et au Québec), mais notre réflexion s’ouvrira également au reportage, qui émerge dans le dernier tiers du siècle de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, et qui traduit les grandes mutations qui affectent le journalisme avec les nouveaux protocoles de l’écriture de l’information. Notre article se terminera sur les grands éléments poétiques du reportage au Canada français, domaine encore peu fouillé par la recherche, et qui a pourtant vu des journalistes — Lorenzo Prince, Auguste Marion, Jules Fournier ou encore Gilbert Larue — connaître de grands succès populaires.
FLATTÉE ET POURFENDUE
Authors: BÉDARD MYLÈNE
Published: October 2017

Si la fiction traverse le journal au xixe siècle, outrepassant les divisions entre les rubriques — ce que
Marie-Ève Thérenty conçoit comme une forme de « littérarisation du journal » (2007) —, une
réflexion sur les rapports entre les genres sexués reste encore à faire. S’intéressant aux
effets provoqués par l’imaginaire et la fictionnalisation du féminin dans la presse
canadienne-française de la deuxième moitié du xixe siècle, cet article examine les impacts de la compartimentation du
masculin et du féminin dans des rubriques particulières sur les modalités du discours et la
construction de la lecture dans Le Pionnier de Sherbrooke. Les dépouillements
préliminaires de cette feuille régionale ont montré que les femmes constituent un sujet de
fictionnalisation dans les décennies 1860-1880, mais que d’autres figures que celle de la
harpie — très présente entre 1836 et 1838 (Randall, 2013) — émergent, dont celle de la
criminelle. Les faits divers exploitent plus spécifiquement cette figure, qui revêt une
identité multiple : la meurtrière, la femme-infanticide, l’empoisonneuse et même la
lectrice-criminelle. Au moment où les journaux publient des romans-feuilletons afin de
s’attirer un lectorat féminin, le fait divers diabolise la femme, et tout particulièrement
la femme qui lit. Que le portrait de la lectrice qui émane du contenu journalistique dédié
aux femmes, principalement du feuilleton, ne coïncide pas tout à fait avec celui que donnent
à lire plusieurs nouvelles relevant du fait divers invite à s’interroger sur la délimitation
des frontières génériques dans la presse en regard des catégories de genre.
DU FAIT DIVERS À LA CRITIQUE
Authors: ROBERT LUCIE
Published: October 2017

Le présent article s’intéresse à la manière dont la presse périodique traite du
théâtre à la fin du xixe siècle et il cherche à
saisir l’émergence de ce qui deviendra au siècle suivant la critique dramatique. Il ne
s’agit pas tant ici de fixer la date à laquelle le théâtre apparaît dans les journaux que de
saisir comment cette critique s’immisce dans le journal et en adopte les normes et les
règles. À travers quelques événements significatifs — la création des deux pièces de Louis
Fréchette en 1880, quelques moments des tournées de Sarah Bernhardt (1880, 1891, 1905) et de
Mounet-Sully (1894), l’incident Blonville-Saint-Louis en 1894 —, l’auteure interroge la
manière dont le journal rend compte du théâtre. Sont ainsi envisagées quatre formes
distinctes : le fait divers, le feuilleton dramatique, la publicité et enfin la chronique
elle-même, bien que celle-ci n’émerge que très tardivement. Ce qui caractérise le discours
de la presse sur le théâtre (et qui le distingue de celui que l’on trouve dans les revues ou
les ouvrages spécialisés) est avant tout la nature du pacte qui lie le journal, d’une part à
son lectorat, d’autre part, aux théâtres eux-mêmes en ce qu’ils sont source de revenus
publicitaires, et au conflit qui peut résulter de cette double allégeance.
UN HOMMAGE « COLLOQUIALEMENT » DISTINGUÉ
Authors: THÉRIAULT PATRICK
Published: October 2017

Le projet de sonnet en hommage à l’auteur des Fleurs du mal que Nelligan a
laissé sous le titre « Le tombeau de Charles Baudelaire » n’a guère retenu l’attention des
commentateurs, qui n’en ont offert aucune lecture soutenue. Son style et son imaginaire
insolites témoignent pourtant d’un travail d’élaboration — au sens psychique et artistique
du mot — indéniable, même remarquable, qui confère à cette « ébauche » non seulement l’unité
de structure nécessaire à son fonctionnement et à son authentification comme poème, mais
surtout un rare degré d’originalité. L’auteur démontre qu’à travers l’esthétique étrangement
« locale » ou « colloquiale » de ce poème, Nelligan essaie, par un ingénieux et paradoxal
tour de main, de se positionner avantageusement dans l’espace symbolique de la modernité
baudelairienne.
Култура различитости у контексту ангажоване теологије (Промишљање религијског плурализма и „научног атеизма“)
Authors: Стојановић Љубивоје
Published: October 2017

Богословље Цркве обухвата све сегменте живота и не може бити сведено само на „унутрашња“ питања. То подразумева служитељску одговорност према човеку и свету и осмишљено служење бољитку свих савременика. Само онда кад православни хришћани разумеју своју мисију у свету као сведочење вечности у времену, могуће је реално сагледавање и разумевање религијског плурализма и уважавање свих различитости. Тако нешто могуће је само кад постоји сигурност уверења, без стереотипа. Насиље над слободом другога није допустиво јер оно представља супротстављање љубави Божијој. Здрава црквена ревност надилази површност и једностраност равнодушности и фанатизма. Због тога одговорни верници треба да буду промотери културе различитости тако што ненаметљиво сведоче истину у љубави. То није лако јер постоје многе странпутице којима одлазе сви који се уморе, а то се увек завршава расколом. Човек чија је вера сигурна није сам себи циљ јер све мери безмерјем љубави Божије, а не слабомерјем својих интереса оптерећујући се пореклом и припадношћу. Вером се живи и никада се не одустаје од правоверја, а треба знати да је свака мржња неоснована и да представља одустајање од вере под теретом нагона за насиљем над неистомишљеницима. Људи чија уверења нису сагласна са нашим нису наши непријатељи и неистомишљеници које треба уклонити. Ако није могуће другачије, потребно је договорити се са њима: „Слажемо се да се не слажемо“. Важно да ми који искрено верујемо никад не одустанемо од љубави Божије.
Правни положај вјерске наставе у бившим републикама СФР Југославије
Authors: Максимовић Бошко
Published: October 2017

Враћање вјерске наставе у школске клупе основних и средњих школа некадашњих република у саставу СФР Југославије, поклапа се са временом распада ове државе, појавом демократског вишестраначког парламентарног система, након полувјековне једнопартијске владавине Комунистичке партије Југославије, у којој је вјерска настава у јавним школама била избачена. Пад комунистичких вриједности и идела, који се одиграо не само на тлу Југославије, него цијеле источне Европе, означио је враћање демократских вриједности, а са њиме и слободе вјере и вјерске поуке. Ипак, законска рјешења нису иста у свим бившим републикама СФРЈ: крећу се од потпуног одсуства вјеронауке у јавним школама (Црна Гора, Словенија, Македонија) до законима одређеног статуса вјеронауке као изборног предмета (са већим или мањим степеном наставне заступљености и ауторитета у школском систему). Такође, средње и високе вјерске школе, те цивилне основне, средње и високе школе са правом јавности, а чији су оснивачи цркве и вјерске заједнице, нису у свим државама овог простора у истом положају. Овај рад се управо бави законском регулативом која дефинише статус и положај вјерске наставе и школе, односно појашњава различита законска рјешења, те односе цркава и вјерских заједница, са једне стране, и држава, са друге, на пољу образовања.
Омилија на 1 Јн 1,1-2,11
Authors: Блажени Августин
Published: October 2017

„Што бјеше од почетка, што смо чули, што смо видјели очима својима, што сагледасмо и руке наше опипаше, о Логосу (Ријечи) живота“ (1 Јн 1,1).Не би руке могле да опипају реч да сама Реч не постаде тело и настани се међу нама. Ова Реч, која постаде тело да је руке наше могу опипати, доби почетак по телу од Дјеве Марије; али тада не доби свој почетак као Реч, јер читамо: „Што бјеше од почетка.“
Стратешки правци руралног развоја Србије
Authors: Ристић Лела , Вујичић Милан
Published: October 2017

Рурална подручја у Србији се разликују у економском, социо-културном и демографском смислу. Разлике су условљене њиховим геоморфолошким карактеристикама, бројем становника, економском структуром, инфраструктурном опремљеношћу, као и развојним потенцијалима, који представљају основ дефинисања приоритетних циљева и стратегија развоја. Разумевање кључних фактора и функција развоја руралног простора утиче на конципирање ефикасније руралне стратегије и политике, усмеравање руралног развоја од стране државе и локалне самоуправе, водећи рачуна о специфичним потребама и интересима руралне заједнице, при чему посебно оним који се односе на вредности и квалитет живота. С обзиром на хетерогеност руралних подручја у Србији, у раду се указује на различите стратегије и моделе развоја, као и на потребу доследне анализе сопствених потреба и могућности, у духу нове руралне политике Европске уније.
LANGUAGE COMPETENCIES, ACHIEVEMENTS AND QUALIFICATIONS IN THE COMMON EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK OF REFERENCE FOR LANGUAGES
Authors: Bogdanović Dragana
Published: October 2017

Summary: This paper focuses on the Europe-wide coordination of language learning, teaching and assessment.  The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages was developed by international experts as one of the most influential documents in the field of language teaching in Europe.  It measures learning progress by defining levels of competence and therefore explains what people need to learn to be able to communicate in one or several languages. The CEFR functions as a basis for the development of curricula throughout Europe and it works on the promotion of multiculturalism and multilingualism. A means to apply the CEFR is The European Language Portfolio. ELP informs about language proficiency and learning achievements in a clear and comprehensible way and also helps with language learning. It is an instrument to help promote the idea of learning languages for communicative purposes.
ULOGA CURRENCY BOARD-A U MONETARNOJ STABILIZACIJI I EKONOMSKOM RAZVOJU BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
Authors: Marjanac Dražen
Published: October 2017

Rezime: Devizni kurs predstavlja cijenu po kojoj se jedna valuta mijenja za drugu i važan indikator konkurentnosti privrede na svjetskom tržištu. Valutni odbor predstavlja sistem fiksnog deviznog kursa gdje se domaća valuta veže za jednu ili više valuta, kao rezervnu valutu. Razlozi uvođenja i primjene valutnog odbora, na primjeru svih zemalja, su velike ekonomske krize u zemlji praćene nestabilnom političkom situacijom. Valutni odbor u ovim situacijama služi kao efikasno sredstvo uspostavljanja makroekonomske ravnoteže, stabilnosti pariteta domaće valute i cijena na kraći i srednji rok. U dužem vremenskom periodu Valutni odbor može predstavljati ograničavajući faktor privrednog razvja zemlje, zbog ograničenog dejstva monetarne politike, kao važnog faktora privrednog rasta i razvoja. U Bosni i Hercegovini se, za razliku od većine država koje primjenjuju promjenjive devizne kurseve, primjenjuje rigidna forma fiksnog deviznog kursa, ili Currency board. Njime se nastoji obezbjediti stabilan ekonomski sistem u zemlji, stabilnost cijena, odnosno, niska stopa inflacije. Njegova primarna uloga je u potpunosti ispunjena, što predstavlja značajnu osnovu za samostalni ekonomski razvoj zemlje. Danas u Bosni i Hercegovini ne postoji mogućnosti inflatorne manipulacije, devizni kurs nema velikih oscilacija, što doprinosi makroekonomskoj stabilnosti zemlje.Currency board se održao do danas, bez velikih potresa i zahtjeva za njegovim ukidanjem, ali i limitirajućim dejstvom kao faktor podsticanja privrednog rasta i razvoja.
POSTMODERAN PRISTUP MASOVNOM KOMUNICIRANJU: ULOGA INTERNETA U OBRAZOVANJU I SAVREMENIM TRŽIŠNIM KRETANJIMA
Authors: Bajić Jelena
Published: October 2017

Savremeno doba čoveku je donelo potpunu zavisnost od digitalne tehnologije, a njen prodor u naše živote ubrzala je globalizacija, prevlast kapitalizma, sloboda tržišta i finansijska liberalizacija. U postmodernoj komunikaciji sve se promenilo. Novi softver je omogućio imitaciju urbanog i prirodnog okruženja, igru svetla i refleksije i kreiranje veštačkih ljudskih emocija. Naše oči, ali i psiha toliko su se navikli na specijalne efekte da je postalo teško razlikovati stvarne scene od digitalne obrade. Međutim, sve novonastale promene imaju dublje posledice od imitacije stvarnog sveta. Nastala je epistemološka, odnosno saznajna revolucija koja utiče na naše poimanje sveta i naučno znanje svega poznatog. Sve naše znanje, o materiji i energiji, nastanku sveta, biologiji, genetici i sl., sve je prebačeno u kompjuterske fajlove. Celokupni naučni opus je sada digitalizovan i sve je usmereno na digitalno korišćenje. Ne samo nauka, svi apsekti ljudskog društva preusmereni su na korišćenje pomoću digitalnog jezika. Zahvaljujući razvoju informacionih i komunikacionih tehnologija, savremeni čovek može u bilo kojem trenutku doći do bilo koje informacije, i to ne pomerajući se iz udobnosti svoga doma. U ovom istorijskom trenutku potrebno je naglasiti hitnost davanja visokog prioriteta IT pismenosti. Jer, internet i njegove aplikacije, poput blogova, mobilnih telefona, internet stranica i sajber zajednica, predstavljaju ogromnu promenu u komunikaciji, obrazovanju i tržišnim tendencijama današnjice. Promenu koja znači da „onlajn prostorima” treba posvetiti mnogo veću pažnju.
ANALIZA NETO POZICIJE NOVIH ČLANICA EVROPSKE UNIJE U BUDŽETU EU
Authors: Cocić Igor
Published: October 2017

Debata o učešću zemalja članica u prihodima i rashodima zajedničkog budžeta, tj. neto pozicijama zemalja u budžetu EU, traje još od njenog osnivanja. U tom smislu, redistributivna funkcija budžeta potencijalno je tlo za nastanak žučnih rasprava, naročito ako postoji i najmanja sumnja da se ova funkcija ne odvija pravedno i pošteno. Isti pokazatelji u budžetu Evropske unije često se, u različitim zemljama, interpretiraju drugačije, posmatranje se vrši iz vlastite perspektive, a u cilju prikazivanja pozicije svoje zemlje u nekom specifičnom svjetlu ili radi ostvarenja određene koristi. Tako je i sa kvantifikovanjem neto pozicija pojedinih zemalja u zajedničkom budžetu. U zavisnosti od toga koji se metod kalkulacije koristi, brojke, te na osnovu njih izvučeni zaključci, mogu se značajno razlikovati.Ipak, ovaj problem ne tiče se samo trenutnih članica Evropske unije, jer i ostale zemlje, aspiranti za članstvo u Evropskoj uniji, sa pažnjom prate na koji način se alocira budžet Unije i kako nove članice prolaze u ovoj raspodjeli.S tim u vezi, provedeno istraživanje pokazuje je da nove članice Unije uglavnom imaju značajne koristi iz zajedničkog budžeta Evropske unije, što znači da dobijaju više sredstava iz budžeta EU nego što u njega ulažu.
ISTRAŽIVANJE ZADOVOLJSTVA POTROŠAČA USLUGAMA DELHAIZE GRUPE U SRBIJI
Authors: Grandov Zorka , Stankov Biljana , Đokić Maja
Published: October 2017

Delhaize grupa predstavlja jednog od vodećih inostranih investitora u Srbiji gledano prema iznosu uloženih sredstava, a sudeći po prihodu koji ostvaruje na srpskom tržištu zauzima lidersku poziciju među lokalnim tržišnim učesnicima u okviru trgovine na malo prehrambenim i ostalim porizvodima. Kreiranjem atraktivnog investicionog ambijenta u Srbiji, poslednjih godina je došlo do porasta stranih direktnih investicija što je, između ostalog, uticalo i na otvaranje novih radnih mesta pre svega u proizvodnoj, a zatim i trgovinskoj delatnosti. Pored uvažavanja Zakona o stranim ulaganjima i Zakona o trgovini, inostrani investitori koji u Srbiji posluju u okviru delatnosti trgovine na malo posebno moraju poštovati Zakon o zaštiti potrošača i voditi računa o svojim obavezama i dužnostima. Izbegavanje svih oblika nepoštenog poslovanja, uvažavanje definisanih prava potrošača, zaštita interesa i obezbeđenje maksimalnog zadovoljstva su prioriteti za trgovce na malo. Istraživanje se odnosi na privlačnost Srbije kao investicione destinacije, prava i obaveze inostranih investitora kao aktera u trgovini na malo kao i na zadovoljstvo potrošača u toj oblasti. Predmet istraživanja podrazumeva utvrđivanje stepena zadovoljstva potrošača u Srbiji uslugama koje im pruža Delhaize grupa.Opšti cilj istraživanja se odnosi na identifikovanje najznačajnijih grupa faktora koje utiču na zadovoljstvo potrošača , dok poseban cilj istraživanja podrazumeva da se u okviru dobijenih rezultata odredi intenzitet uticaja svakog pojedinačnog faktora da bi se ustanovilo koji faktori ispoljavaju najjači, odnosno najslabiji uticaj na pomenuti predmet istraživanja. U istraživanju je primenjena deskriptivna metoda kako bi se što vernije opisale postojeće činjenice, onakvim kakve zaista jesu, i prikazalo stvarno stanje zadovoljstva potrošača u Srbiji pruženom uslugom od strane Delhaize grupe. U postupku prikupljanja empirijskih podataka ispitanici, odnosno potrošači koji obavljaju kupovine u objektima Delhaize grupe, su se o sopstvenom zadovoljstvu izjašnjavali popunjavanjem anketnog lista.
THE IMPACTS OF SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS ON MIGRATION ACROSS TURKISH REGIONS: A SPATIAL DATA ANALYSIS
Authors: Oz Ilyas , Celebioglu Fatih
Published: October 2017

When examining the causes of migration in Turkey, it can be seen that low quality health and education services, imbalanced urbanization, security problem, high level unemployment rate have pivotal role on migration. In the 1950s Turkey, with intensified migration to big cities (mostly to West part of the country), urbanization process has accelerated. This process brought a number of problems with itself.Although many studies have been performed by researchers about migration in Turkey, there is no paper which includes spatial analysis. In this manner, this study purpose to examine the impacts of the factors as unemployment rate, Socio-economic Development Index on migration and their spatial analysis dimensions.To test spatial dimensions of the variables, we perform an exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) on migration and other variables among provinces of Turkey. While our choropleth maps indicate that the some part of the country is significantly more developed than the others, the tools of spatial statistics reveal the presence of spatial dependence across provinces. The presence of heterogeneity is reflected in the distribution of LISA statistics. Overall, our results shed new light on the distribution of migration and its relation with the others among provinces across Turkey.
THE EFFECTS OF MEGA-REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS ON THE MULTILATERAL TRADING SYSTEM // EFEKTI MEGA-REGIONALNIH SPORAZUMA NA MULTILATERALNI TRGOVINSKI SUSTAV
Authors: Bilas Vlatka , Franc Sanja
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the motives and effects of mega-regional trade agreements on the multilateral trading system using the example of Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) and Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Multilateralism and regionalism, although opposite trends, coexist simultaneously. While many arguments can be given for both approaches one has to recognize that the number of regional trade agreements is increasing and that regionalism is becoming a prevailing trend. The response to the regional trade agreements, especially mega-regionals, will mostly depend upon the effect on the third countries’ trade interests. Since it is expected that, over time, many of the currently excluded emerging economies will become a part of some mega-regional agreement, it is not likely that new global standards and rules will be created on a strictly regional but rather on multilateral level.
DETERMINANTS OF CREDIT GROWTH IN BANKING SECTOR OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA // DETERMINANTE KREDITNOG RASTA U BANKARSKOM SEKTORU BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
Authors: Jović Dragan , Jandrić Miodrag
Published: October 2017

Credit growth is function of several variables, which are from the domestic banks point of view internal and external. NPL and deposits, on bank level, nominal GDP growth, and inflation have biggest impact on credit growth. Credit growth is under direct and strong influence of global crises and of ECB monetary policy, and these variables influence is with time lag. Between factors which also influence credit growth, but which influence is not so statistically significant, like previous factors, distinguish themselves capitalization ratio and return on asset on banking sector level. Possibility of doing banking business without deposit insurance, putting limits on deposit rates and on deposit growth could contribute to decrease in banks deposit variability, and to smoothness in credit growth path, as well as insisting on capital ratio rising. If domestic economic policy want to manage credit growth in domestic banking sector it is necessary to increase quality of prudential regulation, to improve NPL management and credit risk management and to modify monetary regime, by granting permission to domestic central bank to provide credits to residents. Without providing credit to residents by Central bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is not possible to achieve price stability and it is not possible to decrease deflationary pressure. Increase in capital ratio has positive impact on credit growth, and vice versa, and that is way increase in capitalization must object of permanent supervision. Since activity and profitability of systematically important banks are one of credit growth generator, banking supervision has to have particular strategy for big banks resolution. Low influence of previous credit growth on current credit growth is motive for active countercyclical economic policy.
BALKANIZATION OF MEDIA: RAMP ON THE PATH OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION // BALKANIZACIJA MEDIJA: RAMPA NA PUTU EVROPSKIH INTEGRACIJA
Authors: Tadić Darko
Published: October 2017

The dramatic changes in the political, social and economic transformation of Western Balkans countries have brought the tectonic disturbances in the earlier system of mass media operations in these societies. The process of worldwide globalization, a strong influence of the Internet and electronic communications, and development of new communication technologies had not brought the expected improvement in work of the media. On the contrary, after the traumatic experience of the nineties, the media in the Balkans show retrograde signals of closure, xenophobia, localism, and low professional and technological progress. These negative processes in the field of media and information business significantly hinder the integration of these countries on the path to Europe, introducing the notion of Balkanization of the media in everyday media practice. Lack of understanding of the media business pushed the Balkan countries on the periphery of the global media scene. Bearing in mind the specific historical, political, economic and cultural patterns in this region, the media in the Balkans have become hostage to the ruling elite, and therefore were reduced to the function of the simple service to transfer messages without major contributions to the progress of societies in which they operate.The only way out of this situation is a profound and radical transformation of the Western Balkans in the political, economic and cultural spheres, providing greater and more authentic contribution to European and world road to global society, which will create conditions for equal membership of these countries in the global society of the future. This transformation can be achieved by better education of employees in the media, better transparency of media ownership, magnification of media outlets owned by citizens (independent media) and greater technological literacy of the general population through systematic work in the educational system of these countries.
Mediko-legalni aspekti potresa mozga i kratkotrajnog gubitka svijesti
Authors: Omerhodžić Ibrahim
Published: October 2017

Potres mozga je traumatska povreda mozga koja mijenja način njegovog funkcioniranja. S medicinskog aspekta,simptomi i znaci su često kratkotrajni i prolazni a mogu uključivati glavobolje, probleme sa koncentracijom, memorijom,ravnotežom i koordinacijom. Iako je potres mozga obično uzrokovan udarcem u glavu, on se može desiti i kada se nasilnouzdrma glava ili gornji dio tijela. Ovakva povreda može izazvati i gubitak svijesti, ali se često potres mozga desi i bez gubitka svijesti. U zadnjem slučaju kvalifi kacija potresa mozga često bude previđena, kako od strane medicinskog osoblja takoi od strane cenzora i vještaka, pa u konačnom i u sudskim presudama izostane. Stoga je važno jasno i na vrijeme definiratipotres mozga, još u inicijalnom pregledu pacijenta i naknadno ga kao takvog dalje uvažavati kao graničnu povredu, umedikolegalnim radnjama, bilo da se ocjenjuje umanjenje opšte životne aktivnosti, postotak trajnog invaliditeta ili sposobnost povrijeđenog da adekvatno svjedoči.
Vještačenje u upravnom postupku i upravnom sporu
Authors: Blagojević Milan
Published: October 2017

Hipoteze dispozicija u mnogobrojnim propisima iz raznih upravnih oblasti često su takve da je prethodno potrebno obaviti odgovarajuće vještačenje radi utvrđivanja jesu li u konkretnom slučaju ispunjeni uslovi koje one propisuju.Bez takvog postupanja nadležni organ neće na pravilan i potpun način utvrditi pravno relevantne činjenice, a bez toganema pravilne primjene materijalnog prava. Stoga ovaj rad za predmet ima vještačenje u upravnom postupku, a potomi u upravnom sporu. U njemu su najprije analizirana pravila upravnog postupka i praksa iz tog postupka vezana za ovopitanje, a potom i pravila upravnog spora i neki problemi do kojih dolazi u sudskoj praksi usljed rješenja propisanih domaćim zakonom koja nisu u skladu sa Ustavom BiH i Evropskom konvencijom o zaštiti ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda.
Vještačenja u ortopediji
Authors: Jovičić Željko
Published: October 2017

Ortopedska vještačenja su veoma česta i bitna u sudskim procesima. Ortoped može da vrši vještačenja na suduu okviru parničnog i krivičnog postupka. Nalaz i mišljenje u ovom kontekstu moraju biti jasni, koherentni i konzistentni.Ljekar kvalifi kuje povredu, a sud kvalifi kuje djelo. Pri tome mora biti nepristrasan i transparentan. Profi cijentan ekspertraspolaže sa potrebnim znanjem, iskustvom i vještinama da bi odgovorio na činjenična pitanja. Timski rad, multidisciplinarnost i umrežavanje znanja su uslovi za uspjeh u ovom odgovornom poslu.
Stochastic variation in the initial phase of bacterial infection predicts the probability of survival in D. melanogaster
Authors: Duneau David , Ferdy Jean-Baptiste , Revah Jonathan , Kondolf Hannah , Ortiz Gerardo A , Lazzaro Brian P , Buchon Nicolas
Published: October 2017

A central problem in infection biology is understanding why two individuals exposed to identical infections have different outcomes. We have developed an experimental model where genetically identical, co-housed Drosophila given identical systemic infections experience different outcomes, with some individuals succumbing to acute infection while others control the pathogen as an asymptomatic persistent infection. We found that differences in bacterial burden at the time of death did not explain the two outcomes of infection. Inter-individual variation in survival stems from variation in within-host bacterial growth, which is determined by the immune response. We developed a model that captures bacterial growth dynamics and identifies key factors that predict the infection outcome: the rate of bacterial proliferation and the time required for the host to establish an effective immunological control. Our results provide a framework for studying the individual host-pathogen parameters governing the progression of infection and lead ultimately to life or death.
Sparse genetic tracing reveals regionally specific functional organization of mammalian nociceptors
Authors: Olson William , Abdus-Saboor Ishmail , Cui Lian , Burdge Justin , Raabe Tobias , Ma Minghong , Luo Wenqin
Published: October 2017

The human distal limbs have a high spatial acuity for noxious stimuli but a low density of pain-sensing neurites. To elucidate mechanisms underlying regional differences in processing nociception, we sparsely traced non-peptidergic nociceptors across the body using a newly generated MrgprdCreERT2 mouse line. We found that mouse plantar paw skin is also innervated by a low density of Mrgprd+ nociceptors, while individual arbors in different locations are comparable in size. Surprisingly, the central arbors of plantar paw and trunk innervating nociceptors have distinct morphologies in the spinal cord. This regional difference is well correlated with a heightened signal transmission for plantar paw circuits, as revealed by both spinal cord slice recordings and behavior assays. Taken together, our results elucidate a novel somatotopic functional organization of the mammalian pain system and suggest that regional central arbor structure could facilitate the “enlarged representation” of plantar paw regions in the CNS.
Genetically tunable frustration controls allostery in an intrinsically disordered transcription factor
Authors: Li Jing , White Jordan T , Saavedra Harry , Wrabl James O , Motlagh Hesam N , Liu Kaixian , Sowers James , Schroer Trina A , Thompson E Brad , Hilser Vincent J
Published: October 2017

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) present a functional paradox because they lack stable tertiary structure, but nonetheless play a central role in signaling, utilizing a process known as allostery. Historically, allostery in structured proteins has been interpreted in terms of propagated structural changes that are induced by effector binding. Thus, it is not clear how IDPs, lacking such well-defined structures, can allosterically affect function. Here, we show a mechanism by which an IDP can allosterically control function by simultaneously tuning transcriptional activation and repression, using a novel strategy that relies on the principle of ‘energetic frustration’. We demonstrate that human glucocorticoid receptor tunes this signaling in vivo by producing translational isoforms differing only in the length of the disordered region, which modulates the degree of frustration. We expect this frustration-based model of allostery will prove to be generally important in explaining signaling in other IDPs.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassaDuch.) and comparison with related species of Rosaceae
Authors: Cheng Hui , Li Jinfeng , Zhang Hong , Cai Binhua , Gao Zhihong , Qiao Yushan , Mi Lin
Published: October 2017

Compared with other members of the family Rosaceae, the chloroplast genomes ofFragariaspecies exhibit low variation, and this situation has limited phylogenetic analyses; thus, complete chloroplast genome sequencing ofFragariaspecies is needed. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome ofF. × ananassa‘Benihoppe’ using the Illumina HiSeq 2500-PE150 platform and then performed a combination ofde novoassembly and reference-guided mapping of contigs to generate complete chloroplast genome sequences. The chloroplast genome exhibits a typical quadripartite structure with a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 25,936 bp) separated by large (LSC, 85,531 bp) and small (SSC, 18,146 bp) single-copy (SC) regions. The length of theF. × ananassa‘Benihoppe’ chloroplast genome is 155,549 bp, representing the smallestFragariachloroplast genome observed to date. The genome encodes 112 unique genes, comprising 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and four rRNA genes. Comparative analysis of the overall nucleotide sequence identity among ten complete chloroplast genomes confirmed that for both coding and non-coding regions in Rosaceae, SC regions exhibit higher sequence variation than IRs. The Ka/Ks ratio of most genes was less than 1, suggesting that most genes are under purifying selection. Moreover, the mVISTA results also showed a high degree of conservation in genome structure, gene order and gene content inFragaria, particularly among three octoploid strawberries which wereF. × ananassa‘Benihoppe’,F.chiloensis(GP33) andF.virginiana(O477). However, when the sequences of the coding and non-coding regions ofF. × ananassa‘Benihoppe’ were compared in detail with those ofF.chiloensis(GP33) andF.virginiana(O477), a number of SNPs and InDels were revealed by MEGA 7. Six non-coding regions (trnK-matK,trnS-trnG,atpF-atpH,trnC-petN,trnT-psbDandtrnP-psaJ) with a percentage of variable sites greater than 1% and no less than five parsimony-informative sites were identified and may be useful for phylogenetic analysis of the genusFragaria.
Characteristics of Seasonal Variation and Solar Activity Dependence of the Geomagnetic Solar Quiet Daily Variation
Authors: Shinbori Atsuki , Koyama Yukinobu , Nosé Masahito , Hori Tomoaki , Otsuka Yuichi
Published: October 2017

Characteristics of seasonal variation and solar activity dependence of the X and Y components of the geomagnetic solar quiet (Sq) daily variation at Memambetsu in midlatitudes and Guam near the equator have been investigated using long‐term geomagnetic field data with 1 h time resolution from 1957 to 2016. The monthly mean Sq variation in the X and Y components (Sq‐X and Sq‐Y) shows a clear seasonal variation and solar activity dependence. The amplitude of seasonal variation increases significantly during high solar activities and is proportional to the solar F10.7 index. The pattern of the seasonal variation is quite different between Sq‐X and Sq‐Y. The result of the correlation analysis between the solar F10.7 index and the Sq‐X and Sq‐Y shows an almost linear relationship, but the slope of the linear fitted line varies as a function of local time and month. This implies that the sensitivity of Sq‐X and Sq‐Y to the solar activity is different for different local times and seasons. The pattern of the local time and seasonal variations of Sq‐Y at Guam shows good agreement with that of a magnetic field produced by interhemispheric field‐aligned currents (FACs), which flow from the summer to winter hemispheres in the dawn and dusk sectors and from the winter to summer hemispheres in the prenoon to afternoon sectors. The direction of the interhemispheric FAC in the dusk sector is opposite to the concept of Fukushima's model.
Controlling the Release of Small, Bioactive Proteins via Dual Mechanisms with Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Kharkar Prathamesh M. , Scott Rebecca A. , Olney Laura P. , LeValley Paige J. , Maverakis Emanual , Kiick Kristi L. , Kloxin April M.
Published: October 2017

Injectable delivery systems that respond to biologically relevant stimuli present an attractive strategy for tailorable drug release. Here, the design and synthesis of unique polymers are reported for the creation of hydrogels that are formed in situ and degrade in response to clinically relevant endogenous and exogenous stimuli, specifically reducing microenvironments and externally applied light. Hydrogels are formed with polyethylene glycol and heparin‐based polymers using a Michael‐type addition reaction. The resulting hydrogels are investigated for the local controlled release of low molecular weight proteins (e.g., growth factors and cytokines), which are of interest for regulating various cellular functions and fates in vivo yet remain difficult to deliver. Incorporation of reduction‐sensitive linkages and light‐degradable linkages affords significant changes in the release profiles of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) in the presence of the reducing agent glutathione or light, respectively. The bioactivity of the released FGF‐2 is comparable to pristine FGF‐2, indicating the ability of these hydrogels to retain the bioactivity of cargo molecules during encapsulation and release. Further, in vivo studies demonstrate degradation‐mediated release of FGF‐2. Overall, our studies demonstrate the potential of these unique stimuli‐responsive chemistries for controlling the local release of low molecular weight proteins in response to clinically relevant stimuli.
The Electrical and Optical Properties of Organometal Halide Perovskites Relevant to Optoelectronic Performance
Authors: Adinolfi Valerio , Peng Wei , Walters Grant , Bakr Osman M. , Sargent Edward H.
Published: October 2017

Organometal halide perovskites are under intense study for use in optoelectronics. Methylammonium and formamidinium lead iodide show impressive performance as photovoltaic materials; a premise that has spurred investigations into light‐emitting devices and photodetectors. Herein, the optical and electrical material properties of organometal halide perovskites are reviewed. An overview is given on how the material composition and morphology are tied to these properties, and how these properties ultimately affect device performance. Material attributes and techniques used to estimate them are analyzed for different perovskite materials, with a particular focus on the bandgap, mobility, diffusion length, carrier lifetime, and trap‐state density.
Superlyophilic Interfaces and Their Applications
Authors: Zhu Zhongpeng , Zheng Shuang , Peng Shan , Zhao Yong , Tian Ye
Published: October 2017

Superlyophilic interfaces denote interfaces displaying strong affinity to diverse liquids, including superhydrophilic, superoleophilic, and superamphiphilic interfaces. When coming in contact with these interfaces, water or oil droplets tend to spread completely with contact angles close to 0°, presenting versatile applications including self‐cleaning, antifogging, controllable liquid transport, liquid separation, and so forth. Inspired by nature, scientists have developed various kinds of artificial superlyophilic (SLPL) interfaces in the past decades. In terms of dimensional characteristics, the artificial SLPL interfaces can be divided into four categories: i) 0D particles, whose dispersibility or catalytic performance can be notably enhanced by superlyophilicity; ii) 1D micro‐/nanofibers or nanotubes/channels, which can efficiently transfer liquids with SLPL interfaces; iii) 2D flat SLPL interfaces, on which different functional molecules can be deposited uniformly, forming ultrathin and smooth films; and iv) 3D structures, which can be obtained by either constructing 0D, 1D, or 2D SLPL materials separately or directly fabricating random SLPL frameworks, and can always be used as functional coatings or bulk materials. Here, natural and artificial SLPL interfaces are briefly introduced, followed by a short discussion of the limit between lyophilicity and lyophobicity, and then a snapshot of methods to generate SLPL interfaces is given. Specific focus is placed on recent achievements of constructing SLPL interfaces from zero to three dimensions. Following that, broad applications of SLPL interfaces in commercial areas will be introduced. Finally, a short summary and outlook for future challenges in this field is presented.
Structurally Deformed MoS2for Electrochemically Stable, Thermally Resistant, and Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Yen‐Chang , Lu Ang‐Yu , Lu Ping , Yang Xiulin , Jiang Chang‐Ming , Mariano Marina , Kaehr Bryan , Lin Oliver , Taylor André , Sharp Ian D. , Li Lain‐Jong , Chou Stanley S. , Tung Vincent
Published: October 2017

The emerging molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) offers intriguing possibilities for realizing a transformative new catalyst for driving the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the trade‐off between catalytic activity and long‐term stability represents a formidable challenge and has not been extensively addressed. This study reports that metastable and temperature‐sensitive chemically exfoliated MoS2(ce‐MoS2) can be made into electrochemically stable (5000 cycles), and thermally robust (300 °C) while maintaining synthetic scalability and excellent catalytic activity through physical‐transformation into 3D structurally deformed nanostructures. The dimensional transition enabled by a high throughput electrohydrodynamic process provides highly accessible, and electrochemically active surface area and facilitates efficient transport across various interfaces. Meanwhile, the hierarchically strained morphology is found to improve electronic coupling between active sites and current collecting substrates without the need for selective engineering the electronically heterogeneous interfaces. Specifically, the synergistic combination of high strain load stemmed from capillarity‐induced‐self‐crumpling and sulfur (S) vacancies intrinsic to chemical exfoliation enables simultaneous modulation of active site density and intrinsic HER activity regardless of continuous operation or elevated temperature. These results provide new insights into how catalytic activity, electrochemical‐, and thermal stability can be concurrently enhanced through the physical transformation that is reminiscent of nature, in which properties of biological materials emerge from evolved dimensional transitions.
Chemical Patterning of High‐Mobility Semiconducting 2D Bi2O2Se Crystals for Integrated Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Wu Jinxiong , Liu Yujing , Tan Zhenjun , Tan Congwei , Yin Jianbo , Li Tianran , Tu Teng , Peng Hailin
Published: October 2017

Patterning of high‐mobility 2D semiconducting materials with unique layered structures and superb electronic properties offers great potential for batch fabrication and integration of next‐generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, a facile approach is used to achieve accurate patterning of 2D high‐mobility semiconducting Bi2O2Se crystals using dilute H2O2 and protonic mixture acid as efficient etchants. The 2D Bi2O2Se crystal after chemical etching maintains a high Hall mobility of over 200 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature. Centimeter‐scale well‐ordered arrays of 2D Bi2O2Se with tailorable configurations are readily obtained. Furthermore, integrated photodetectors based on 2D Bi2O2Se arrays are fabricated, exhibiting excellent air stability and high photoresponsivity of ≈2000 A W−1 at 532 nm. These results are one step towards the practical application of ultrathin 2D integrated digital and optoelectronic circuits.
Liquid Metal‐Conductive Thermoplastic Elastomer Integration for Low‐Voltage Stiffness Tuning
Authors: Rich Steven , Jang Sung‐Hwan , Park Yong‐Lae , Majidi Carmel
Published: October 2017

An electrically responsive composite is introduced that exhibits muscle‐like changes in elastic stiffness (≈1–10 MPa) when stimulated with moderate voltages (5–20 V). The stiffness‐tuning element contains an embedded layer of conductive thermoplastic elastomer (cTPE), composed of a propylene–ethylene copolymer and a percolating network of carbon black. Two opposite surfaces of the cTPE layer are coated with a ≈20 µm thin film eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) liquid metal alloy. When a voltage is applied to these EGaIn electrodes, electric current passes through the cTPE. This causes internal Joule heating, which induces a phase transition that changes the composite from its stiff state (E = 10.4 MPa) to its compliant state (E = 0.7 MPa). Differential scanning calorimetry is performed to show that this state change is governed by a solid–liquid transition. Voltage‐dependent activation times are demonstrated that can be reduced to below 2 s and show the ability of the composite to recover its original shape after large strains. To illustrate its applicability in robotics, the composite is incorporated into an underactuated robotic finger, providing it with two different bending modes. The ability to use the composite as a moldable stiffness‐tuning splint is also demonstrated.
Intrinsic Nanodomains in Triplite LiFeSO4F and Its Implication in Lithium‐Ion Diffusion
Authors: Seo Dong‐Hwa , Park Kyu‐Young , Kim Haegyeom , Jung Sung‐Kyun , Park Min‐Sik , Kang Kisuk
Published: October 2017

Triplite‐type LiFeSO4F has attracted considerable attention as a promising cathode for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries because of its high redox potential based on earth‐abundant Fe2+/3+. However, successful extraction/reinsertion of all the lithium ions in triplite host is challenging even at a low current rate, resulting in a low specific capacity. These experimental findings contrast with previous theoretical works that predicted that the triplite structure would be a fast ionic conductor with low activation barriers for lithium‐ion hopping. Origin of this discrepancy is elusive to date. Herein, combined first‐principles calculations and high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal that typical triplite structure is composed of nanodomains consisting of corner‐shared FeO4F2 octahedra, whereas their domain boundaries are regions of mixed corner/edge‐shared FeO4F2 octahedra. More importantly, these locally disordered domain boundaries significantly reduce the overall lithium diffusivity of the materials. Inspired by these findings, this study redesigns triplite structure with sufficiently small sizes to avoid local bottlenecks arising from the domain boundaries, successfully achieving nearly full lithium extraction/reinsertion with high power and energy density. This work represents the first direct observation of the presence of domain boundaries within a crystalline structure playing a critical role in governing the lithium diffusivity in a battery electrode.
Modeling the deposition of fluorescent whitening agents on cotton fabrics
Authors: Bueno Laura , Amador Carlos , Bakalis Serafim
Published: October 2017

The adsorption of two widely used fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) on unbrightened cotton fabrics has been investigated as a function of temperature, hardness of the wash liquor, initial concentration of FWA in solution, and fabric to wash liquor ratio. Sorption efficiencies of FWAs have been studied using a UV spectrophotometry technique. A mechanistic model has been developed to describe the dissolution process of FWAs, convective mass transport into the fabrics, diffusion in the stagnant layer to the fabrics' surface, and adsorption of FWAs on cotton fabrics. Dual porosity of the fabrics (inter‐yarn and intra‐yarn porosity) has been considered by allowing two different regions (outer and inner areas of the cotton fabrics) where FWAs molecules can diffuse and adsorb. Good agreement between experimental and predicted whiteness benefit by the proposed mathematical model has been observed for the range of variables considered. © The Authors AIChE Journal published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1305–1316, 2018