bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coming of Age in the “State of Emergency”: Race, Religion, and Political Imagination Among Britain’s Youth of Color
Authors: Hall Bogumila
Published: February 2019

In a racial security state, Britain’s black and brown youth have been excluded from the national narrative. Construed as foreign, threatening, and alienated, young people of minority backgrounds have been the prime targets of the state’s counterterrorism legislation as well as surveillance, policing, and disciplining programs. At the same time, communities of color are among the most severely affected by austerity measures, suffering from the highest rates of unemployment, shoddy housing, cuts to public services, and closure of community centers. This article reveals how generational identity is tied to racial and class consciousness, dimensions rarely accounted for in the classical sociological work on generations. Shedding light on the mosaic of intersectional struggles, the article scrutinizes how activists of color, marginalized even within traditional leftist movements, carve out their own spaces of engagement, reclaim their terms of speaking, and forge wider alliances and solidarities. In doing so, they combine outward acts of resistance with inward-looking practices of self-affirmation, building community spaces, and preserving memories. Within these various avenues—ranging from university campuses to DIY festivals—young racialized activists depart from the language of civil rights and the politics of recognition, typical for the generation of their parents. Instead, young activists question the multiple exclusions on which citizenship relies, turn away from state projects, and articulate a radical, decolonial vision of social justice, not contained by the nation–state framework.
Rebelling Against Time: Recreational Activism as Political Practice Among the Italian Precarious Youth
Authors: Milan Chiara
Published: February 2019

Hit by the economic and political crisis, young people in Italy face increased labor precarity and the disillusionment derived from the disappearance of the radical Left from the parliamentary arena. In the Italian context, economic hardship, the decrease of resources available for collective action, and the weakened mobilizing capacity that traditional mass organizations (such as trade unions and political parties) retained in the first decade of the 2000s brought about a general decline in intensity and visibility of street protests, leading to an apparent retreat of activism to the local level of action. Although the crisis had a negative impact on collective action, evidence reveals that more creative and less visible forms of societal and political commitment were adopted by young generations in these years. This article explores how the Italian youth in times of crisis engaged actively in alternative and unconventional forms of political commitment aimed at re-appropriating space, free time, and access to leisure, mainly by means of mutualistic practices. Based on data from qualitative semistructured interviews with key informants and activists, this article sheds light on recreational activism, adopted as a political practice by the Italian youth active in counter-cultural spaces, nowadays at the forefront of the struggle to oppose the commodification of free time and leisure.
A study on the implementation of a system providing reliable malware information service
Authors: Sung Kyung-Sang , Na Wonshik
Published: February 2019

Malware can be diagnosed through several ways or can even pass under the radar at times. This can cause confusion among the users, who do not welcome a flood of unorganized information in general. This paper proposes an extraction method that can provide reliable and established results in order to tackle the issue from the users’ point of view. To guarantee the reliability of Anti-virus Software (AVS) and AVS against the malware, this paper tested malware that can actually be found in use. Such processes allow this paper to extract and provide the most reliable information to users. In addition, this paper can help students, who study security, to establish the concept of malicious code. And research subjects are enough to prepare malicious code countermeasures for security graduate students.
Understanding the power systems engineering
Authors: Moura Ailson P de , Moura Adriano Aron F de
Published: February 2019

The basis of the industrialized world is the electrical power industry. This requires increasing number of engineering professionals; however, the industry loses many experienced engineers owing to their retirement. Therefore, the industry needs new engineers with high qualification. The area of study named power systems engineering is quite important for the electrical power industry and it necessitates undergraduate and postgraduate engineers to be able to plan and operate the power system efficiently. However, the choice of this study area is often not made by students because of the lack of knowledge of the tasks that a power system engineer performs and what knowledge he/she needs to perform these tasks. To help students to better understand the cited study area, this paper presents, in a didactic and objective way, the types of studies that are carried out by a power system engineer. Thus, students can understand how the power systems engineering area is interesting and, consequently, choose this area for their undergraduate and postgraduate studies.
Modeling the influence of interleaf layers in composite materials on elastic properties, thermal expansion, and chemical shrinkage
Authors: Frerich Tim , Brauner Christian , Jendrny Jörg , Hermann Axel S.
Published: February 2019

Within this paper, it is shown that the assumption of transversal isotropy usually applied to unidirectional layers is not valid, if interleaf layers are introduced to increase the impact performance of the material. An approach is suggested to consider the meso-structure of composite materials with interleaf layers in the calculation of the elastic properties, the thermal expansion coefficients, and the chemical shrinkage coefficients. The approach uses known rules of mixture in a first step, to determine the properties of the carbon fiber–reinforced polymer layer as well as those of the interleaf layer and combine them in a second step by new meso-scale rules of mixture.

The approach is discussed using known material data and shows to provide plausible results. The effects of the material properties influenced by the meso-scale rules of mixture on the process induced distortions are then discussed exemplary considering the thermally induced spring-in. It is shown that the meso-structure has a considerable influence on the process-induced distortions and cannot be neglected in the prediction of it.
Progressive Decline of Picture Naming in an Aging down Syndrome Man with Dementia
Authors: Kledaras Joanne B. , McIlvane William J. , Mackay Harry A.
Published: February 2019

This study was conducted to monitor picture naming longitudinally in a 59-yr.-old Down syndrome man with diagnosed dementia. On the test, the subject was shown a series of 40 pictures, and his task was to speak their names. Correct naming responses were followed by pennies. The test was repeated periodically over the course of 20 mo. The subject initially achieved 100% correct scores and maintained accuracy until the tenth month. Thereafter, his scores declined, gradually at first and then precipitously, until the subject scored less than 30% correct on the final test. Error analysis showed that low scores generally reflected loss of stimulus control by relevant characteristics of the test pictures; control apparently shifted to irrelevant features of the task. The results suggest that naming tests may ultimately prove useful in defining and documenting the nature of deterioration in Down dementia.
Attitudes of In-Home Care Aides toward Elderly Persons: Refinement of the Oberleder Attitude Scale
Authors: Dillard Betty G. , Feather Betty L.
Published: February 2019

The Oberleder Attitude Scale was reduced from 25 to 16 items and was factored into three major concepts, potential, limitations, and stereotypes. Responses of 345 in-home care aides indicated that the 345 aides held positive attitudes toward their elderly patients.
Time Perception and the Stroop Task
Authors: Marshall Michael J. , Wilsoncroft William E.
Published: February 2019

Three experiments were conducted to assess the effects of the Stroop task (color-word incongruities) on observers’ estimates of 30-sec. inspection periods. The experiments differed in psychophysical procedure; the three classic methods of production, reproduction, and verbal estimation were employed. Observers underestimated the passage of time, compared to doing nothing, when they were engaged on the Stroop task. However, judgments of duration on the Stroop task were shorter than those made in the control condition of naming color dots only when the method of production was employed. These findings are similar to results with mental arithmetic tasks and contribute to the understanding of the relationship between cognitive processing and time perception.
Visualising sustainability at the Olympics
Authors: Lauermann John
Published: February 2019

Cities are increasingly central to sustainability discourse, as urban lifestyles and infrastructure are framed as solutions to global environmental problems such as climate change. This framing relies on geographically referenced visualisations such as architectural renderings, maps, and geospatial models, which portray environmental futures by envisioning the ‘sustainable city’. By showing what sustainability might look like in a future city, these geovisualisations strategically link urban planning interventions to global environmental policy debates. This process is explored through a case study of sustainability design proposed in Olympic cities. Aspiring Olympic hosts regularly adopt sustainability narratives of global–urban sustainability. In an effort to cast their events as ‘the most sustainable Games ever’, city leaders experiment with urban design (e.g. temporary stadiums, zero-carbon building design, or large-scale environmental restoration projects) and link them to global environmental debates. Visual analysis techniques are used to code architectural and geospatial images in 61 Olympic planning proposals, and to evaluate the use of visualisation practices in urban politics. While these designs are quite speculative, the visual artefacts produced through the planning process can be used as political tools for catalysing investment and projecting policy leadership.
A child disappears: Law in the courts, law in the interstices of everyday life
Authors: Das Veena
Published: February 2019

In this article, I provide a detailed analysis of a case in which an eight-year-old girl was abducted, tortured and raped. She was recovered under somewhat mysterious circumstances. In my analysis, I knit together events inside the court as reflected the judgment and related events outside the court. I try to show, first, how legal technology produced ‘facts’ in court. I then take up what seemed like minor contradictions within the documents and oral testimonies, navigate the processes through which these discrepancies were ironed out in court, resulting in a narrative that could lead to successful prosecution of the case and justice for the victim within the limits of legal proceedings. However, the same minor contradictions are later shown to have a different life in the neighbourhood from which the case originated. I argue that once we undo the solidity of the narrative that the court is obliged to fix and look at each micro-event that makes up the case, we see that truth and falsity, fact and fiction, certainty and scepticism, are mutually implicated. The stable conceptual furniture that many feminist scholars have come to expect in rape cases then begins to disperse into the finer grains of what makes up the texture of the law.
Mitigation of low frequency oscillations in power systems based on Mamdani fuzzy inference
Authors: Gao Hong-Liang , Zhan Xi-Sheng , Yuan Yi-Ran , Pan Zi-Jie , Yuan Guo-Long
Published: February 2019

Several methods have been proposed and implemented to improve the power system stability. Based on the theory of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) excitation control and the composition principle of fuzzy PID controller, a novel PID controller based on Mamdani fuzzy inference (MFPID) is proposed in this paper. The proposed controller realizes the self-adjustment of the excitation controller parameter. Furthermore, the MFPID and power system stabilizer (PSS) subsection switch control strategy (MFPID-PSS) is presented based on the advantages of PSS and MFPID. In MFPID-PSS strategy, by switching the control strategy between MFPID and PSS at appropriate moment, the MFPID-PSS method acquires the overshoot as small as PSS, and at the same time acquires the adjusting time as short as MFPID. The simulation results demonstrate that the MFPID-PSS method improves the power system stability and has better mitigation effect for low frequency oscillations in power systems after disturbances.
Implicit revanchism: Gang injunctions and the security politics of white liberalism
Authors: Bloch Stefano , Meyer Dugan
Published: February 2019

As part of our theorization of the place-making conduct of new residents living in a gentrifying neighborhood of Los Angeles, we identify a curious paradox in which white liberals openly disavow overtly punitive policing practices, yet continue to actively call for or tacitly accept police action taken against individuals they perceive to be “out of place.” We examine this seeming contradiction in the context of a contemporary legal mechanism called a civil gang injunction, which allows for the banishment of purported “gang members” from parts of the city even in the absence of actual criminal activity—that is, on the basis of subjective perceptions about what and who constitutes a nuisance. Diverging from traditional approaches to revanchism rooted in vengeful intent, we argue that the direct and tacit endorsement of gang injunctions is motivated by what we call “implicit revanchism”—a no less harmful phenomenon that reflects the persistent and potent effects of implicit racial bias in processes of urban place-making.
Information audit as an important tool in organizational management: A review of literature
Authors: Lateef Ayinde , Omotayo Funmilola Olubunmi
Published: February 2019

This article considers information as a strategic asset in the organization just as land, labour and capital. It elaborates how information assets help organizations to meet its organizational objectives and also examine issues that led to the proliferation of information assets; because of the proliferation of data and information, it becomes difficult for organization to make effective use of these information assets to meets its objectives. This leads to management of information assets and management of information risk. These two areas are critical to organization. It was concluded that information audit is the effective tool that could be used to manage the information asset and information risk. Also that information policy should be drawn; information professional should be among those handling information-related issues.
MicroRNA-590-5p antagonizes the inhibitory effect of high glucose on osteoblast differentiation by suppressing Smad7 in MC3T3-E1 cells
Authors: Chen Yinan , Sun Changhui , Lu Jiong , Zou Ling , Hu Minwei , Yang Zeyu , Xu Yaozeng
Published: February 2019

Objective

MicroRNA-590-5p (miR-590-5p) has been reported to stimulate osteoblast differentiation; however, its effect in diabetic osteoporosis remains unknown. This study investigated the effect of miR-590-5p on high glucose (HG)-suppressed osteoblast differentiation.

Methods

The effect of HG on MC3T3-E1 cell survival was assessed using the MTT assay. The expression levels and activities of osteoblastic proteins were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, and immunoblotting assay. Tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in MC3T3-E1 cells was assessed using luciferase assay, qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting. Mineralized nodule formation in MC3T3-E1 cells was examined by using the mineralization assay.

Results

When MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to HG conditions, there was significant downregulation of miR-590-5p and osteoblastic proteins (e.g., collagen I, Runx2, and ALP); in contrast, Smad7 was upregulated. Furthermore, miR-590-5p targeted Smad7 and inhibited its expression. Additionally, overexpression of miR-590-5p significantly promoted osteoblast growth and differentiation by upregulating TGF-β signaling in HG-treated MC3T3-E1 cells.

Conclusions

Collectively, the results showed that miR-590-5p was involved in osteogenesis; moreover, miR-590-5p may represent a potential target for the treatment of diabetic osteoporosis.
A Review of Housing and Food Intersections: Implications for Nurses and Nursing Research
Authors: Vold Lindsey , Lynch Meghan , Martin Wanda
Published: February 2019

Study Background

Quality, accessibility, and affordability of housing and food are public health and nursing concerns. Yet, intersections between housing and food security are relatively understudied.

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to examine the evidence describing the relationship between food security and housing interventions, and second, describing specific opportunities for targeted strategies for nursing practice and research.

Methods

Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review method was followed to search housing and food security research. A database search identified 46 studies that were mapped onto a social ecological theory to understand the micro, meso, exo, and macro interventions.

Results

Three major recommendations were identified. Micro-system recommendations include primary care screening for low-income groups. Meso- and exo-system recommendations focus on creating partnerships in research and enhancing social housing. Lastly, macro-system recommendations focus on challenging housing affordability standards. The major gap in the literature is addressing healthy housing.

Conclusion

Broadening housing interventions to include comprehensive approaches to meeting individuals’ needs offers more than simply packaging two interventions together. There is a significant moment in nursing in which nurses are witness to a paradigmatic shift in the ways to approach housing and food security.
Botulinum Toxins Type A (Bont-A) in the Management of Lower Limb Spasticity in Children: A Systematic Literature Review and Bayesian Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Guyot Patricia , Kalyvas Chrysostomos , Mamane Carole , Danchenko Natalya
Published: February 2019

Background:

Botulinum neurotoxins type A (BoNT-As) are used in pediatric lower limb spasticity, which affects more than 2.5 million children worldwide. Botulinum neurotoxins type-A improve active function and delay musculoskeletal complications. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of abobotulinumtoxinA versus other botulinum neurotoxins type A in pediatric spasticity, in the absence of head-to-head evidence.

Methods:

A systematic literature review was conducted to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. The evidence base was synthesized with Bayesian network meta-analyses. Outcomes analyzed included Modified Ashworth Scale, Tardieu Scale (TS) spasticity grade, and Goal Attainment Scale (standard mean difference only) at 12 weeks postinjection, and adverse events occurring during study periods.

Results:

Thirty-eight studies were identified, 10 of which met inclusion criteria for quantitative synthesis. On Modified Ashworth Scale, abobotulinumtoxinA 15 U/kg/leg was significantly more efficacious than onabotulinumtoxinA 4 U/kg/leg (–0.99 [–1.34, –0.64]) and onabotulinumtoxinA 4 U/kg/leg+casting (–0.81 [–1.16, –0.46]) and numerically better than onabotulinumtoxinA 8 U/kg (–0.40 [–0.67, –0.14]). AbobotulinumtoxinA 10 U/kg/leg was significantly more efficacious than onabotulinumtoxinA 4 U/kg/leg (±casting). On Goal Attainment Scale, abobotulinumtoxinA 15 U/kg/leg and 10 U/kg/leg were significantly more efficacious than onabotulinumtoxinA 12 U/kg/leg. On Tardieu Scale spasticity grade, abobotulinumtoxinA was comparable to other treatments. AbobotulinumtoxinA demonstrated adverse event rates comparable to all doses of onabotulinumtoxinA.

Conclusions:

In pediatric lower limb spasticity, abobotulinumtoxinA offered significant or numerical efficacy advantages on tone (Modified Ashworth Scale) and functional outcomes (Goal Attainment Scale), and comparable efficacy on Tardieu Scale spasticity grade. AbobotulinumtoxinA was comparable to onabotulinumtoxinA on tolerability. Results should be interpreted in the context of heterogeneity and sparsity of the evidence base.
Aiming Beyond: A Pharmacist Impact on 90-Day Readmissions and Clinical Outcomes Within a Family Medicine Service
Authors: Wiegmann Lindsey E. , Belisle Matthew S. , Alvarez Kristin S. , Kale Neelima J.
Published: February 2019

Previous studies have shown pharmacists positively impact 30-day readmission rates. However, there is limited data regarding the effect of clinical pharmacist (CP) follow-up on 90-day readmission or evaluation of disease-specific goals after hospitalization. Investigators analyzed the impact of postdischarge extended CP follow-up within a family medicine service (FMS). The primary end point was all-cause 90-day readmission rates. Secondary end points included all-cause 30- and 60-day readmission rates and the achievement of disease-specific goals postdischarge. Retrospective chart review was performed for patients admitted from August 2016 to November 2017 who were seen by a physician within the FMS 14 days postdischarge. Fourteen percent of patients within the CP intervention group were readmitted within 90 days in comparison to 22% in the standard of care group ( P = .244). Readmission rates at 30 and 60 days were as follows: intervention group 2%, 10%, and standard of care group 16%, 22% ( P = .015, P = .089, respectively). In addition, multiple patients with uncontrolled diabetes who completed CP visits upon hospital discharge met glycemic goals at the end of the study time period. Despite inclusion of the CP in postdischarge care, 90-day readmission rate remained unchanged.
The Additive-Area Heuristic: An Efficient but Illusory Means of Visual Area Approximation
Authors: Yousif Sami R. , Keil Frank C.
Published: February 2019

How do we determine how much of something is present? A large body of research has investigated the mechanisms and consequences of number estimation, yet surprisingly little work has investigated area estimation. Indeed, area is often treated as a pesky confound in the study of number. Here, we describe the additive-area heuristic, a means of rapidly estimating visual area that results in substantial distortions of perceived area in many contexts, visible even in simple demonstrations. We show that when we controlled for additive area, observers were unable to discriminate on the basis of true area, per se, and that these results could not be explained by other spatial dimensions. These findings reflect a powerful perceptual illusion in their own right but also have implications for other work, namely, that which relies on area controls to support claims about number estimation. We discuss several areas of research potentially affected by these findings.
Beyond strictness: Mainline protestant religious participation
Authors: Wollschleger Jason
Published: February 2019

In an effort to move beyond strictness as an explanation, this article employs a most-similar case study of two congregations in order to explore the organizational features of mainline, liberal congregations that influence religious participation. Four key organizational features emerged through field research and subsequent analysis: the use of staff versus committees, provision of distinctively religious goods and services, evangelism, and the intentional creation of community. These findings are considered both for what they add to the understanding of religious participation in Mainline Protestant congregations, as well as a possible way forward to applying theoretical understandings of solutions collective action problems in a congregational setting without focusing on strictness.
Opioids for Relief of Dyspnea Immediately Before Death in Patients With Noncancer Disease: A Case Series Study
Authors: Murakami Maki
Published: February 2019

Background:

Dyspnea is commonly found in most conditions among patients with progressive noncancer disease.

Objective:

To clarify the effectiveness and safety of opioid administration for the treatment of dyspnea immediately before death in patients with noncancer disease.

Methods:

A retrospective case-series study involving 13 consecutive terminally ill patients who were near death and diagnosed with noncancer disease, and had refractory dyspnea and received opioid therapy, was performed. The authors investigated the route of administration, period, dosage of opioids, intensity of dyspnea—scored according to the Japanese version of the Support Team Assessment Schedule—and clinical course from a review of medical records.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 86.5 ± 7.6years (range: 72-98years). The primary causes of dyspnea that led to opioid administration were heart failure (n = 10) and respiratory failure (n = 3). Oxycodone was used in one patient who experienced a complication of chronic renal failure; morphine was used in the other 12 patients. The route of opioid administration was continuous infusions in 11 patients, suppository in one, and oral administration in one. The final dose of oral morphine equivalents was 20.1 ± 8.1 mg/d (range: 5-36 mg [median: 18 mg]). All patients improved in symptom score after opioid administration. The score was significantly decreased from 3.2 ± 0.7 at the beginning of opioid administration to 1.2 ± 0.6 at final estimation ( P < .001). No severe adverse events occurred.

Conclusions:

Low-dose opioid administration in patients with terminally ill noncancer improved dyspnea and occurred no severe adverse events.
The Ethics of Prioritizing Access to Palliative Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Philip Jennifer , Russell Bethany , Collins Anna , Brand Caroline , Le Brian , Hudson Peter , Sundararajan Vijaya
Published: February 2019

Palliative care services are increasingly required to consider issues of resource, management as demand for services increases. The processes of triage have been developed in health care as a means of balancing need and resources in an equitable and reproducible way.

Objective:

This article sought to explore ethical issues associated with prioritization decisions in palliative care.

Methods:

As part of a broader series of studies of triage in palliative care, this qualitative substudy was conducted via semi-structured focus groups and individual interviews. Transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis.

Setting/Participants:

Twenty health professionals working across disciplines (primary, specialist; medicine, nursing, and allied health), service types (inpatient, hospital liaison, and community), and locations (metropolitan and rural) in Victoria, Australia.

Results:

Four themes emerged from the data: (1) Clinicians understood the tension between maintaining service quality with the delivery of a compromised service that sought to respond to demand. (2) They were aware of the influences of relationships and responsibilities upon patient waiting list prioritization, and (3) reported a hierarchy of suffering with certain types of clinical problems viewed as more urgent than others, for example, pain being more urgent than existential distress. (4) Clinicians noted a lack of transparency around waiting lists as they currently exist.

Conclusions:

This study revealed key ethical decision-making issues associated with prioritizing access to palliative care services. Making explicit the processes and influences upon decision-making provides greater transparency of health-care utilization at the end of life.
Coping with Perceived Role Risk as an Expression for School Leaders’ Accountability
Authors: Nir Adam E. , Hameiri Lior
Published: February 2019

Based on literature arguing that risk encourages conservative leadership that supports existing routines and strategies rather than innovations and proactive behaviors, this study focuses on the connection among leadership styles, perceived school productivity, and leaders’ perceived risk. Results testify to the moderate levels of role risk that school leaders perceive and the relatively high variance existing among these perceptions. Although perceived risk measures are negatively correlated with transformational leadership and positively correlated with transactional and passive leadership, it appears that under conditions characterized by perceived risk, leaders in effective schools are those who act proactively. Such conduct demonstrates high accountability, since risky circumstances increase the potential for mistakes and, therefore, also the threat that individuals experience.
The Problem with the Problem of Human Irrationality
Authors: Eigenauer John D.
Published: February 2019

Despite the widespread social harm that human irrationality causes, irrationality is not considered to be a social problem. This article explores why this is so, argues why irrationality is unlikely to be considered a social problem, and suggests that the best hope for reducing the social harms caused by human irrationality lies with the educational system.
Increasing Inclusion and Reducing the Stigma of Special Needs in Latvia: What Can We Learn from Other Countries?
Authors: Mikelsteins Zaiga , Ryan Thomas G.
Published: February 2019

Latvia regained its independence in 1991 and has been slowly transforming the education system to meet the standards of the European Union (EU) and the Western world. Since regaining independence Latvia has started to integrate children with special education needs into regular schools and society; yet the process is quite restrained and measured, causing many to suggest that there must be a way and means to accelerate this process. If only Latvians could access and use practices found (Alberta) Canada or another inclusive country (Finland), that has successfully integrated students and adults with disabilities into school and society, to diminish Latvian problems such as life long dependency, poverty and social exclusion that adds to an already existing stigma of intellectual disability according to the European Union Monitoring and Advocacy Program (EUMAP, 2005). Stigma is the one issue that keeps surfacing as the key challenge for people with special needs in Latvia (Fine-Davis & Faas, 2014). Latvian society at present has minimal exposure and experience with children and adults with special needs, resulting in unawareness, avoidance, and a general misunderstanding of this population.
Bilingual Families: Using Therapist-Facilitated Interpretation in Psychotherapy
Authors: Ruiz-Adams Roxanne
Published: February 2019

Families initiate psychotherapy with a narrative that identifies a mythological explanation for their suffering. Through narrative therapy, a therapist is able to reframe this mythological narrative into a theoretically grounded narrative that is able to provide healing. The process in which a narrative becomes reframed involves the use of language which can be hindered if no common language is available within the family. Without a common language, narratives are influenced by incomplete subjective experiences which are dulled by the cognitive effort it takes to speak and understand in a second learned language. This article discusses the challenges in working with a bilingual family containing different levels of language proficiencies among its members. I will use this case study to discuss therapist-assisted interpretation which provides each member the opportunity to influence the new narrative with an authentic subjective experience that would otherwise be absent without the therapist’s ability to interpret.
Feasibility of Transosseous Nonarticular Fixation of Lisfranc Injuries
Authors: Jastifer James R. , Christianson Eric R. , VanZweden Daniel J. , Gustafson Peter A.
Published: February 2019

Background:

The optimal techniques for Lisfranc open reduction and internal fixation techniques remain debated. The purpose of the current study was to describe the joints involved in Lisfranc fixation and to determine if nonarticular transosseous internal fixation would be possible.

Methods:

Twenty cadaver Lisfranc joints were dissected and the articular cartilage was quantified by calibrated digital imaging software. Utilizing CT data, a computational model of the foot was developed and the mean joint surface was mapped and nonarticular screw paths between bones was determined.

Results:

For the medial-middle cuneiform (C1-C2) connection, 27.3% of the lateral face of C1 and 43.7% of the medial face of C2 was articular cartilage. Three variations of articular morphology were observed on C1 and 2 on C2. From the 3D models, it was determined that a joint-sparing, transosseous screw trajectory was possible between C1 and the second metatarsal and between C1 and C2. These screw paths were large enough to accommodate clinically useful screw diameters (>5 mm). The screw trajectories were roughly perpendicular to the long axis of the foot and take a plantar-medial to dorsal-lateral orientation.

Conclusion:

The articular surface of the Lisfranc joint was quantified for the first time and may be smaller than some surgeons realize. This study demonstrated the orientation required to minimize articular damage.

Clinical Relevance:

The clinical significance of the current study was that a nonarticular screw trajectory was possible, and this information may help guide the placement of these screws.
Voted out: Regime type, elections and contributions to United Nations peacekeeping operations
Authors: Duursma Allard , Gledhill John
Published: February 2019

Previous research has suggested that leaders of democratic regimes are particularly willing to contribute troops to United Nations peacekeeping operations because backing ‘liberal’ peacekeeping allows them to support the diffusion of liberal institutions. However, evidence used to sustain this argument is based on contribution patterns during the decade of peacekeeping that followed the Cold War. In this article, we argue that there has been a reversal in the relative willingness of democratic and non-democratic governments to provide the United Nations with peacekeepers since then. Specifically, we propose that the introduction of more ‘robust’ forms of peacekeeping during the 1990s has rendered democratic governments reluctant to contribute large numbers of peacekeepers to United Nations operations because elected leaders are now concerned that voters may object to the deployment of national troops to high-risk humanitarian missions in which there is no clear national interest. By contrast, non-democratic leaders partly discount public opinion because they are less reliant on popular support to retain power. Thus, when non-democrats see that contributing troops to United Nations peacekeeping will bring them reputational and/or resource benefits, they are willing to contribute peacekeepers — and on a large scale. We test our claims quantitatively. We find that since the 1990s, democratic governments have remained more likely than non-democrats to contribute some troops to United Nations peacekeeping operations, but non-democratic governments have been more likely to make large-scale contributions. We also find that governments have been especially reluctant to make sizeable contributions to peacekeeping when elections have been on the horizon.
Critical properties of laminated rubber bearings including the effect of eccentric vertical loading
Authors: Zhou Fangyuan , Wu Dongdong , Zhou Lemu , Zhu Hongping
Published: February 2019

The critical properties of laminated rubber bearings including the effect of eccentric vertical loading are investigated in this article. The critical load, horizontal critical displacement, and vertical displacement of the laminated rubber bearing including an initial eccentric vertical loading are compared with those of the laminated rubber bearing under axial vertical loading. The comparison results show that the critical load and the horizontal critical displacement decrease with the increase in the eccentricity of the vertical loading when the laminated rubber bearing moves into the side where the vertical load acts (“ positive side”), whereas they increase in the opposite side (“ negative side”). The vertical displacement in the “ positive side” increases with the increase in the eccentricity of the vertical loading, whereas that in the “ negative side” decreases. Moreover, the vertical displacement of the laminated rubber bearing in the “ positive side” is larger than that in the “ negative side.”
Feeling backwards: temporal ambivalence in An African City
Authors: Mupotsa Danai S.
Published: February 2019

The turn to optimism makes figures of progress, consumption, self-making and empowerment appear in various genres of chick-lit. These narratives, however, are often still shaped by a depressive tone that is distinct from one that says that women have more options than happy-ever-after, even while heterosexual romance remains a structuring force. This article takes the Ghanaian web-series An African City as its example to explore this ambivalence. An African City offered its first season in 2014 and was immediately received as ‘Africa’s own Sex and the City’, praised for challenging the image of a backward Africa, while criticised for offering an unrealistic account of life for urban African women. The series is set around the lives of five women, one of whom plays the leading role as narrator. The ‘African city’ serves as another character, rather than a mere backdrop for the action to unfold. I argue that the various characters perform an ongoing ambivalence towards progress, always stuck in a look backward. It is not simply that the quest for romance fails as part of the drama, but that the drama of failure itself folds onto both the African city and African women as figures that remain eternally stuck in their relation to the temporalities that accrue around modernity.
Merci Handy: From start-up to born-global?
Authors: Boulocher-Passet Véronique , Daly Peter , Ruaud Sabine
Published: February 2019

Two young, French entrepreneurs, Louis Marty and Roland Jais Nielsen, founded Merci Handy in 2014 with the objective of revolutionizing everyday cosmetics and internationalizing quickly. The case discusses the first steps of their international development and addresses the internationalization process of born-global companies. It also questions the benefits and opportunities of start-ups when addressing a global target.
Guided wave time-reversal imaging of macroscopic localized inhomogeneities in anisotropic composites
Authors: Eremin Artem , Glushkov Evgeny , Glushkova Natalia , Lammering Rolf
Published: February 2019

Estimation of damage position and extent in the inspected structure is among the emerging problems of active structural health monitoring (SHM) with elastic guided waves. Unlike conventional non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques, which assume continuous surface scanning, SHM systems operate only with data from a limited number of sensors. Nevertheless, in the case of isotropic (metal) plate-like structures, computational time-reversal techniques have proved to be effective for estimating in situ the location and size of wave sources and/or local scatterers within the SHM concept. With composite plates, the reconstruction procedure faces additional difficulties associated with the complexity of wave phenomena caused by their lamination and anisotropy. In this article, we present an extension of the time reversal technique for the case of composite laminate plate-like structures. This technique relies on the simulation of the reversed guided waves generated by reciprocal surface loads applied at a sparse set of measurement points of a real sensor network. The proposed implementation is based on the far-field asymptotics for guided waves generated in arbitrarily anisotropic laminate waveguides by a prescribed source, which have been derived from the path integral representations in terms of Green’s matrix for the structures considered. The performance of this approach has been experimentally tested on cross-ply carbon fiber-reinforced plastic plates showing reliable and adequate results for both active (piezoactuators) and passive (artificial defects) source characterization.
Criminal justice as a production line: ASAP and the managerialization of criminal justice in the Netherlands
Authors: Salet Renze , Terpstra Jan
Published: February 2019

Since the 1990s criminal justice systems in West European countries have increasingly been affected by the process of managerialization. The managerialization of criminal justice may result in fundamental tensions between different sets of values: efficiency and cost-effectiveness against values such as the rule of law or careful decision-making. This article concentrates on one example of the managerialization of criminal justice: the policy programme ASAP (As Soon As Possible) in the Netherlands, aimed at making the settlement of cases of high-volume petty crime both faster and more efficient. The introduction of ASAP has resulted in a strong standardization of work processes and strict time limits, for both the police and the public prosecution service. In this article we analyse how ASAP operates in practice and to what degree the policy goals of ASAP are realized. This analysis shows that the introduction of ASAP has transformed an important part of the Dutch criminal justice system into an assembly or production line. This example of the managerialization of criminal justice has resulted in important tensions between, on the one hand, managerial values and, on the other, the values of occupational (legal) professionalism.
Policy misrecognitions and paradoxes: Developing more contextually attuned access and equity policies in Australian higher education
Authors: Bennett Anna , Lumb Matt
Published: February 2019

In this paper we discuss recent policy attempts (in 2017) to introduce new frameworks for Australian higher education access and equity programs. These include introducing fees and a tendering process for access or ‘enabling’ programs, as they are called in Australia, and an evaluation framework based on an evidence hierarchy for widening participation or ‘equity’ programs. We illuminate how those policymaking attempts contradict the conditions required for equity-oriented programs because they misrecognise the experiences of the participants. We argue that different conceptual approaches to provision and evaluation are required for practitioners, providers and policymakers to shape future policy together ( Heimans and Singh, 2018 ) so that enabling and equity programs can be understood in ways that value the knowledges and experiences of the participants involved ( Sayer, 2011 ). Our aim is to contribute to work that disrupts the positioning of ‘objective’ policy evaluation frameworks vs ‘subjective’ practices because this decontextualises ( Burke and Lumb, 2018 ) and oversimplifies ( Tesar, 2016a ), and may serve paradoxically to reduce the programs’ impacts.
Effective Use of Public Perceptions in Assessments
Authors: Lindquist Joseph , Peng David , Rochelle Shawnette , Turner Dusty , Warshaw Matt
Published: February 2019

Over nearly two decades of war, the Department of Defense has spent tens of millions of dollars to survey the public in war-torn areas such as Iraq, Afghanistan, Philippines, Syria, and the Horn of Africa. Most often these surveys are conducted by a private polling firm, which, in turn, conducts the field work. Since field work occurs in contested or enemy-dominated terrain, direct supervision of the field work is not possible. This lack of oversight is concerning to senior leaders, who may inform decisions and assessments using this polling data. This article reviews some best practices for the expeditionary operations research system analyst when faced with the task of planning, contracting, executing, analyzing, and reporting public perception polling data in conflict affected areas. Additionally, this work codifies some of the insights uncovered during a community of practice meeting in March 2018 to include the use of latent data sources such as social media. The purpose of this effort is to provide analysts the tools to increase senior leader confidence in the data that is oft relied upon to inform operations.
Effect of fixation conditions on yellowing behavior of cellulose powder–coated fabrics
Authors: Manasoglu Gizem , Kanik Mehmet , Yildirim Kenan
Published: February 2019

In this study, the yellowing behavior of cellulose powders, which is applied to pretreated polyester woven fabrics with concentrations of 100 g/kg by knife coating technique, was investigated. After drying process, coated fabrics were cured at different conditions to determine the effects of the curing temperature and time on yellowing behaviors. The yellowness–whiteness of coated fabrics was measured with a spectrophotometer according to ASTM E313. As the curing temperature and time increase, yellowing effect was more observable. However, the effect of temperature increase is found to be more significant than the increase in curing duration in terms of more observed yellowness. In order to investigate the reason of yellowing, cellulose powder samples were heated in drying oven at three different heating temperatures (130°C, 150°C, and 170°C) for three different heating periods (3, 5, and 7 min). Then, thermal gravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of powder samples were performed for each temperature–period combinations. No ring-opening reaction on the cellulose group was found in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. However, the changes in the spectra can be attributed to the chain breakage in the cellulose macromolecules as well as water loss from the molecular structure during the heating process. Microscopic and scanning electron microscopic analysis was carried out to see any surface change on the fiber and coated fabric. There was no detectable surface change on the fiber and coated fabric surface, apart from a color change on the fabric surface.