bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and radiosynthesis of the first 18F‐labeled inhibitor of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs)
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Masoud , Moldovan Rareş‐Petru , Fischer Steffen , Wenzel Barbara , Ludwig Friedrich‐Alexander , Teodoro Rodrigo , Deuther‐Conrad Winnie , Jonnalagadda Shirisha , Jonnalagadda Sravan K. , Gudelis Emilis , Šačkus Algirdas , Higuchi Kei , Ganapathy Vadivel , Mereddy Venkatram R. , Drewes Lester R. , Brust Peter
Published: April 2019

Monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 (MCT1 and MCT4) are involved in tumor development and progression. Their expression levels are related to clinical disease prognosis. Accordingly, both MCTs are promising drug targets for treatment of a variety of human cancers. The noninvasive imaging of these MCTs in cancers is regarded to be advantageous for assessing MCT‐mediated effects on chemotherapy and radiosensitization using specific MCT inhibitors. Herein, we describe a method for the radiosynthesis of [18F]FACH ((E)‐2‐cyano‐3‐{4‐[(3‐[18F]fluoropropyl)(propyl)amino]‐2‐methoxyphenyl}acrylic acid), as a novel radiolabeled MCT1/4 inhibitor for imaging with PET. A fluorinated analog of α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (FACH) was synthesized, and the inhibition of MCT1 and MCT4 was measured via an L‐[14C]lactate uptake assay. Radiolabeling was performed by a two‐step protocol comprising the radiosynthesis of the intermediate (E)/(Z)‐[18F]tert‐Bu‐FACH (tert‐butyl (E)/(Z)‐2‐cyano‐3‐{4‐[(3‐[18F]fluoropropyl)(propyl)amino]‐2‐methoxyphenyl}acrylate) followed by deprotection of the tert‐butyl group. The radiofluorination was successfully implemented using either K[18F]F‐K2.2.2‐carbonate or [18F]TBAF. The final deprotected product [18F]FACH was only obtained when [18F]tert‐Bu‐FACH was formed by the latter procedure. After optimization of the deprotection reaction, [18F]FACH was obtained in high radiochemical yields (39.6 ± 8.3%, end of bombardment (EOB) and radiochemical purity (greater than 98%).
An approach for visualizing the spatial metabolome of an entire plant root system inspired by the Swiss‐rolling technique
Authors: Veličković Dušan , Chu Rosalie K. , Myers Gabriel L. , Ahkami Amir H. , Anderton Christopher R.
Published: April 2019

The spatial configuration and morphology of roots are commonly monitored for a better understanding of plant health and development. However, this approach provides minimal details about the biochemistry regulating the observable traits. Therefore, the ability to metabolically map the entire root structure would be of major value. Here, we developed a sample preparation approach that enables imaging of the entire root within a restricted space (width of microscope slide), which was influenced by the Swiss‐rolling technique. We were able to image and confidently identify molecules along the entire root structure from rolled‐root tissue sections using multiple spatially resolved mass spectrometry approaches.
Viruses associated with acute respiratory infection in a community‐based cohort of healthy New Zealand children
Authors: Walker Gregory J. , Stelzer‐Braid Sacha , Shorter Caroline , Honeywill Claire , Wynn Matthew , Willenborg Christiana , Barnes Phillipa , Kang Janice , Pierse Nevil , Crane Julian , Howden‐Chapman Philippa , Rawlinson William D﻿.﻿
Published: April 2019

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a major cause of morbidity among children. Respiratory viruses are commonly detected in both symptomatic and asymptomatic periods. The rates of infection and community epidemiology of respiratory viruses in healthy children needs further definition to assist interpretation of molecular diagnostic assays in this population. Children otherwise healthy aged 1 to 8 years were prospectively enrolled in the study during two consecutive winters, when ARIs peak in New Zealand. Parents completed a daily symptom diary for 8 weeks, during which time they collected a nasal swab from the child for each clinical ARI episode. A further nasal swab was collected by research staff during a clinic visit at the conclusion of the study. All samples were tested for 15 respiratory viruses commonly causing ARI using molecular multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays. There were 575 ARIs identified from 301 children completing the study, at a rate of 1.04 per child‐month. Swabs collected during an ARI were positive for a respiratory virus in 76.8% (307 of 400), compared with 37.3% (79 of 212) of swabs collected during asymptomatic periods. The most common viruses detected were human rhinovirus, coronavirus, parainfluenza viruses, influenzavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and human metapneumovirus. All of these were significantly more likely to be detected during ARIs than asymptomatic periods. Parent‐administered surveillance is a useful mechanism for understanding infectious disease in healthy children in the community. Interpretation of molecular diagnostic assays for viruses must be informed by understanding of local rates of asymptomatic infection by such viruses.
Stage I‐III colon cancer patients with tumor deposits behave similarly to stage IV patients. Cross‐section analysis of 392 patients
Authors: Lino‐Silva Leonardo S. , Anchondo‐Núñez Patricia , Chit‐Huerta Alonso , Aguilar‐Romero Estefanía , Morales‐Soto Jonathan , Salazar‐García Jenny A. , Guzmán‐López Cristina J. , Maldonado‐Martínez Héctor A. , Meneses‐García Abelardo , Salcedo‐Hernández Rosa A.
Published: April 2019

Background and Objectives

Tumor deposits (TDs) are associated with adverse prognostic factors and decreased survival in colorectal cancer. However, controversy exists regarding their definition, evaluation, and staging categories. This study aimed to determine the survival and recurrence impact of the TD in colon adenocarcinomas; and to determine if TD patients behave similarly to stage IV patients.

Methods

Cross‐section study from 392 patients with colon adenocarcinoma from 2005 to 2012. We performed survival analysis and further stratified patients considering TD patients as a “stage IV‐TD” to demonstrate if they behave similarly than stage IV patients.

Results

From 392 patients, 204 (52%) were men, the mean age was 57.4 ± 13.9 years and 11.5% of cases had TD. In a multivariate analysis, TD failed to predict mortality and recurrence. Considering cases with TD as stage IV‐TD, their mean survival was similar to stage IV patients (69.3 and 64.6 months, respectively) and different to those in stage III (110.5 months), II (135.7 months), and I (114.9 months) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

TD failed to predict mortality and recurrence. Patients with TD in stage I‐III shows similar mortality than stage IV patients; then, we suggest putting them into a substage IV category instead of the N1c category.
Profiling the constituents of Dachuanxiong decoction by liquid chromatography with high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry using target and nontarget data mining
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Mingxia , Chen Lianming , Li Yueting , Chen Yijun , Wei Ziyi , Jia Zhixin , Xu Wenjuan , Xiao Hongbin
Published: April 2019

Comprehensive characterization of the large number of compounds existing in traditional Chinese medicines is still a great challenge. In this study, a strategy of precursor ion selected acquisition coupled with target and nontarget data mining was established to systematically characterize the chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicines. This strategy consisted of four steps: (1) precursor ion selected acquisition was developed to trigger additional tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation reactions, especially for trace constituents; (2) in‐house database of compounds was established and diagnostic characteristics were summarized; (3) compounds were identified by target and nontarget data mining; and (4) compound structures were elucidated based on accurate mass matching and comparison of fragment ions, and isomers were discriminated by the intensity of fragment ions, fragmentation pattern analysis, and calculated log P values. This strategy was successfully applied to comprehensively identify the constituents in Dachuanxiong decoction. Finally, a total of 218 compounds assigned to six categories were characterized, and 107 compounds were characterized by nontarget analysis for the first time. In addition, three new diagnostic characteristics of esters of citric acids were elucidated. This research enriched the material basis of Dachuanxiong decoction and provided a new strategy for identifying the chemical constituents of other traditional Chinese medicines.
A conflict resolution model for sustainable heritage tourism
Authors: Zhang Yang , Lee Timothy J. , Xiong Yu
Published: April 2019

This paper uses Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB) model to explain the formation of behavioral frameworks for conflict resolution. Using data about the Chengqi Earth building, UNESCO World Heritage Site, it puts forward an integrative TPB model with self‐regulation and social capital as a good fit to that data, which has better predictive power in relation to intentions than the original model. The results show that attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and self‐regulatory behavior positively affect intentions to seek conflict resolution. The paper concludes with insightful implications that can be applied to other areas of China and beyond.
Development of Ester Free Type Poly(trimethylene carbonate) Derivatives with Pendant Fluoroaromatic Groups
Authors: Nobuoka Hiroaki , Ajiro Hiroharu
Published: April 2019

The facile method for the synthesis of ester free type poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) derivatives is previously reported. In this paper, a series of PTMC derivatives with fluoroaromatic groups in the side chain are synthesized to improve polymer properties. Thermal analysis reveals that all the PTMC derivatives have a decomposition temperature exceeding 300 °C. Furthermore, as the number of fluorine attached to the aromatic ring increases, the glass transition temperature decreases. In order to clarify the surface properties of their films, the contact angles and protein adsorption are evaluated. The hydrophobic nature is attributed to the fluorine groups at the side chain. Furthermore, it is suggested that as the number of fluorine attached to the aromatic ring increases, the protein adsorption is suspended. There is a possibility that a new biomaterial could be created by introducing a fluoroaromatic group into the side chain of PTMC with ester free structure.
Asset quality determinants of Indian banks: Empirical evidence and policy issues
Authors: Arrawatia Rakesh , Dawar Varun , Maitra Debasish , Dash Saumya Ranjan
Published: April 2019

The Indian banking industry has been suffering from a huge number of nonperforming loans, and the loan asset quality has been deteriorated over the years. This has led to significant capital erosion of many banks in India. The surge in corporate defaults leading to an enormous rise in nonperforming loan assets has been impairing the performance of Indian banking industry in particular and economic growth in general. Hence, it is intuitive to ask what are the determinants of poor asset quality of Indian banks. To answer this question, using a sample of 47 commercial banks over a sample period of 2000 to 2014, our study examines the bank‐, industry‐, and macroeconomic‐specific determinants of asset quality of Indian banks. Our empirical analysis also accommodates the impact of different ownership structures (public and private sector) and the impact of financial crisis while analysing the determinants of poor asset quality of Indian commercial banks. Results reveal that bank‐, industry‐, and macroeconomic‐specific factors are responsible for the burgeoning nonperforming loan assets of Indian commercial banks. The results are qualitatively similar across different ownership structures. The findings suggest that forecasting models for nonperforming assets should also consider macroecomomic‐ and industry‐specific factors along with the bank‐ specific factors.
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cu/Ag nanocomposites: Electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties
Authors: Aramesh Shamim , Doostmohammadi Ali , Rezai Pouya
Published: April 2019

Multifunctional materials are urgently required for sensing and actuation purposes in microfluidic devices. In this study, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) filled with Cu and Ag nanoparticles was prepared and its electrical conductivity (EC), thermal conductivity (TC), and mechanical properties were investigated. EC investigations showed that all the prepared compositions had a nearly similar percolation threshold of around 10 vol% of filler. However, the EC of nanocomposites filled with both Cu and Ag (PDMS/Cu/Ag) was about 1.8 S/cm, which was 200% higher compared with that of other compositions (0.3 and 0.6 S/cm). TC was found to undergo profound increase of 10.5‐fold (1.68 W.m−1.K−1 for PDMS/Cu/Ag) when compared with that of the insulating base polymer (0.16 W.m−1.K−1). Evaluation of mechanical properties demonstrated that Young's modulus of PDMS increased by 270% after adding the filler content, but the tensile strength showed a notable reduction of 12%. The final result of this study showed that PDMS/Cu/Ag nanocomposites could be considered as a suitable novel material in microchannel preparation and microfluidic devices. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:4093–4101, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Impact of introduction of noninvasive prenatal testing on uptake of genetic testing in fetuses with central nervous system anomalies
Authors: Al Toukhi Samar , Chitayat David , Keunen Johannes , Roifman Maian , Seaward Gareth , Windrim Rory , Ryan Greg , Van Mieghem Tim
Published: April 2019

Objective

To evaluate the impact of introduction of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) on the uptake of invasive testing in pregnancies complicated by fetal central nervous system (CNS) anomalies.

Methods

Retrospective review of all singleton pregnancies complicated by fetal CNS anomalies seen at a single tertiary center between 2010 and 2017. Cases who had undergone invasive testing or NIPT prior to the diagnosis of the CNS anomaly were excluded. Cases were segregated according to whether they were seen prior to introduction of NIPT (group A, 2010‐2013) or thereafter (group B, 2014‐2017). We examined the rate of invasive and noninvasive genetic testing in each group.

Results

We retrieved 500 cases: 308 (62%) were isolated CNS anomalies, and 192 (38%) had additional structural anomalies. In the total cohort, 165 women (33%) underwent expectant management with no further prenatal genetic testing, 166 (33%) had invasive testing, 52 (10%) had NIPT, and 117 pregnancies (23%) were terminated without further prenatal investigations. The introduction of NIPT significantly decreased the number of pregnancies having no testing (44% group A vs 22% in group B, p < .0001), particularly in the group presenting with isolated ventriculomegaly, but did not affect the uptake of invasive testing (34% vs 32%, respectively; p = .61). NIPT would have missed 4% of pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) in the group of cases with isolated brain anomalies and 11% of CNVs in cases with complex anomalies.

Conclusions

Uptake of invasive prenatal testing in fetuses with brain anomalies was not affected by NIPT. However, the incidence of no genetic testing was significantly reduced. NIPT was a suboptimal testing strategy in this population as it missed a significant number of subchromosomal genetic anomalies.
Promoting academic satisfaction and performance: Building academic resilience through coping strategies
Authors: Meneghel Isabella , Martínez Isabel M. , Salanova Marisa , de Witte Hans
Published: April 2019

The aim of this article is twofold: (a) to validate the psychometric properties of the Academic Resilience Scale (AR‐S) in a Spanish university context; and (b) to test a model where different coping strategies are antecedents of AR, and where academic satisfaction and performance are its consequences. The studies were conducted with 185 (study 1) and 780 (study 2) students. In study 1, the construct validity, reliability, and convergent and divergent validity of the AR‐S were analyzed. The hypothesized model (study 2) was tested using structural equation modeling. The results confirmed the good psychometric properties of the AR‐S in the Spanish context, providing evidence of its validity. Furthermore, the distinctive role of different coping strategies in resilience was confirmed, as well as the relationship between resilience and academic satisfaction. No direct relationship between resilience and performance was found, highlighting the full mediation of satisfaction.
17O‐excess as a detector for co‐extracted organics in vapor analyses of plant isotope signatures
Authors: Nehemy Magali F. , Millar Cody , Janzen Kim , Gaj Marcel , Pratt Dyan L. , Laroque Colin P. , McDonnell Jeffrey J.
Published: April 2019

Rationale

The stable isotope compositions of hydrogen and oxygen in water (δ2H and δ18O values) have been widely used to investigate plant water sources, but traditional isotopic measurements of plant waters are expensive and labor intensive. Recent work with direct vapor equilibration (DVE) on laser spectroscopy has shown potential to side step limitations imposed by traditional methods. Here, we evaluate DVE analysis of plants with a focus on spectral contamination introduced by organic compounds. We present17O‐excess as a way of quantifying organic compound interference in DVE.

Methods

We performed isotopic analysis using the δ2H, δ18O and δ17O values of water on an Off‐Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (IWA‐45EP OA‐ICOS) instrument in vapor mode. We used a set of methanol (MeOH) and ethanol (EtOH) solutions to assess errors in isotope measurements. We evaluated how organic compounds affect the17O‐excess. DVE was used to measure the isotopic signatures in natural plant material fromPinus banksiana,Picea mariana, andLarix laricina, and soil from boreal forest for comparison with solutions.

Results

The17O‐excess was sensitive to the presence of organic compounds in water.17O‐excess changed proportionally to the concentration of MeOH per volume of water, resulting in positive values, while EtOH solutions resulted in smaller changes in the17O‐excess. Soil samples did not show any spectral contamination. Plant samples were spectrally contaminated on the narrow‐band and were enriched in1H and16O compared with source water.L. laricinawas the only species that did not show any evidence of spectral contamination. Xylem samples that were spectrally contaminated had positive17O‐excess values.

Conclusions

17O‐excess can be a useful tool to identify spectral contamination and improve DVE plant and soil analysis in the laboratory andin situ. The17O‐excess flagged the presence of MeOH and EtOH. Adding measurement of δ17O values to traditional measurement of δ2H and δ18O values may shed new light on plant water analysis for source mixing dynamics using DVE.
A review of deep infiltrative colorectal endometriosis treated robotically at a single institution
Authors: Graham Ada , Chen Sheena , Skancke Matthew , Moawad Gaby , Obias Vincent
Published: April 2019

Purpose/background

Using robotic surgery, we report successful resection of deep invasive pelvic endometriosis with a multidisciplinary team of colorectal and gynecologic surgeons.

Methods/interventions

Fifteen cases of robotic‐assisted endometrial resections for deep invasive endometriosis were performed by a multidisciplinary team between 2013 and 2016.

Results/outcomes

The average total operative time of robotic endometrial extirpation was 342 minutes, and the average blood loss was 283 cc. There were no intraoperative complications and no conversion to laparotomy. Postoperative complications, including one superficial wound infection, four patients with pelvic abscesses, a bowel leak, and one rectovaginal fistula, occurred in five of 15 patients, three of which required percutaneous drainage and one required reoperation. All patients who followed up after surgery showed 100% dysmenorrhea resolution at one month (13 of 15 patients).

Conclusion/discussion

Deep infiltrating endometriosis is a complex disease associated with significant morbidity and requires highly trained, multidisciplinary team approach for safe and efficient excision.
Iterative learning control for uncertain nonlinear networked control systems with random packet dropout
Authors: Zhang Yamiao , Liu Jian , Ruan Xiaoe
Published: April 2019

This paper proposes a novel networked iterative learning control (NILC) scheme with adjustment factor for a class of discrete‐time uncertain nonlinear systems with stochastic input and output packet dropout modeled as 0‐1 Bernoulli‐type random variable. Firstly, the equivalence relation between the realizability of controlled system and the input‐output coupling parameter (IOCP) is established. Secondly, in order to overcome the main obstacle arising from the unknown IOCP, an identification technique is developed for it. Thirdly, it is strictly proved that, under certain conditions, the tracking errors driven by the developed NILC scheme are convergent to zero along iteration direction in the sense of expectation. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed NILC scheme and the merits of adjustment factor.
The effects of dams on macroinvertebrates: Global trends and insights
Authors: Wang Jun , Ding Liuyong , Tao Juan , Ding Chengzhi , He Daming
Published: April 2019

Dams threaten a wide range of aquatic organisms in most rivers and are thus a primary cause of global biodiversity degradation. Although macroinvertebrates play important roles in biogeochemical processes and ecosystem structuring and functioning through food web links, a global overview of research on their responses to dam construction and the subsequent flow alteration is lacking. This study bibliometrically analysed publications with regard to dams and macroinvertebrates over the last 100 years (1920–2018). The results found that macroinvertebrates have been increasingly studied in regard to damming rivers globally during the research period. The United States contributed the most to the total publication output (21.14%). Keyword analysis revealed a clear evolution and distributional pattern of research themes and studied taxa. Studies on a single taxon were more common in early times, and recent studies have shifted to multiple taxa at the community level. Different countries/territories have different research priorities (i.e., themes and taxa). “Dam removal” and “restoration” occurred more frequently in American studies, and “river regulation” was highly researched in Australia and Poland. “Schistosomiasis” was a featured topic in China and Brazil. “Mollusc” was the top taxon of focus for America, China, and Brazil. The results also demonstrated that “functional diversity,” “model,” and “stable isotope” are emerging hotspots in this research area. Possible explanations and implications of the above findings are discussed. This study provides an integral understanding of the research on dams and macroinvertebrates, highlighting the potential conservation imbalance among countries/territories and taxa.
Concise Review: Exploiting Unique Biological Features of Leukemia Stem Cells for Therapeutic Benefit
Authors: Zhang Haojian , Li Shaoguang
Published: April 2019

Cancer stem cells play a critical role in disease initiation and insensitivity to chemotherapy in numerous hematologic malignancies and some solid tumors, and these stem cells need to be eradicated to achieve a cure. Key to successful targeting of cancer stem cells is to identify and functionally test critical target genes and to fully understand their associated molecular network in these stem cells. Human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is well accepted as one of the typical types of hematopoietic malignancies that are derived from leukemia stem cells (LSCs), serving as an excellent model disease for understanding the biology of LSCs and developing effective, selective, and curative strategies through targeting LSCs. Here, we discuss LSCs in CML with a focus on identification of unique biological features of these stem cells to emphasize the feasibility and significance of specific targeting of LSCs while sparing normal stem cell counterparts in leukemia therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine  2019;8:768–774
Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity of Bi2O3–BiOI Composite Nanosheets through Vacancy Engineering
Authors: Bai Jinwu , Li Yun , Wei Pengkun , Liu Jiandang , Chen Wei , Liu Lu
Published: April 2019

Vacancy engineering is an effective strategy to enhance solar‐driven photocatalytic performance of semiconductors. It is highly desirable to improve the photocatalytic performance of composite nanomaterials by the introduction of vacancies, but the role of vacancies and the heterostructure in the photocatalytic process is elusive to the composite nanomaterials. Herein, the introduction of I vacancies can significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of Bi2O3–BiOI composite nanosheets in a synergistic manner. The excellent photocatalytic performance of the Bi2O3–BiOI composites is attributed to the combination of Bi2O3 and BiOI and the existence of I vacancies in Bi2O3–BiOI composites. Specifically, density functional theory calculation shows that the existence of I vacancies would create a new electric states vacancy band below the conduction band of BiOI and thus can reduce the bandgap of BiOI nanosheets. This greatly facilitates the scavenging of the photogenerated electron on the surface of BiOI by Bi2O3, therefore, enhancing the overall photocatalytic activity of the composites. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency is demonstrated by the degradation of tetracycline (TC), which reaches 96% after 180 min and by the high total organic carbon (TOC) removal (89% after 10 h visible light irradiation). This study provides a novel approach for the design of high‐performance composite catalysts.
Studienverhaltens- und Ergebnisindikatoren struktureller Studierbarkeit
Authors: Buß Imke
Published: April 2019

In den vorangehenden Kapiteln wurde gezeigt, dass die zeitlichen Restriktionen von Studierenden deren Studierverhalten beeinflussen. Dieses Kapitel verbindet nun diese Ergebnisse und die Beschreibungen der Studienstrukturen aus Kapitel 4 mit der Forschung zu Studierverhalten und Studienerfolg. Es werden konkrete Indikatoren zur Messung des Studierverhaltens und der Ergebnisse struktureller Studierbarkeit hergeleitet sowie Hypothesen zu dem Modell struktureller Studierbarkeit (siehe Abbildung 3) – also den Zusammenhängen zwischen zeitlichen Restriktionen, Studienstrukturen und Studierverhalten bzw. Studienerfolg – aufgestellt. Die angenommenen Zusammenhänge sind in Abbildung 6 zusammengefasst.
Semi-analytical calculation of gluon fragmentation into 1S[1,8]0 quarkonia at next-to-leading order
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Chen-Yu , Liu Xiao , Ma Yan-Qing , Meng Ce , Chao Kuang-Ta
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We calculate the NLO corrections for the gluon fragmentation functions to a heavy quark-antiquark pair in 1S
0
[1]
or 1S
0
[8]
state within NRQCD factorization. We use integration-by-parts reduction to reduce the original expression to simpler master integrals (MIs), and then set up differential equations for these MIs. After calculating the boundary conditions, MIs can be obtained by solving the differential equations numerically. Our results are expressed in terms of asymptotic expansions at singular points of z (light-cone momentum fraction carried by the quark-antiquark pair), which can not only give FFs results with very high precision at any value of z, but also provide fully analytical structure at these singularities. We find that the NLO corrections are significant, with K-factors larger than 2 in most regions. The NLO corrections may have important impact on heavy quarkonia (e.g. ηc and J/ψ) production at the LHC.
Constraining integrable AdS/CFT with factorized scattering
Authors: Wulff Linus
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We consider (warped) AdS string backgrounds which allow for a GKP spinning string/null cusp solution. Integrability implies that the worldsheet S-matrix should factorize, which in turn constrains the form of the warp factor as a function of the coordinates of the internal space. This constraint is argued to rule out integrability for all supersymmetric AdS
7 and AdS
6 backgrounds as well as AdS
5 Gaiotto-Maldacena backgrounds and a few highly supersymmetric AdS
4 and AdS
3 backgrounds.
Flipping the head of T [SU(N)]: mirror symmetry, spectral duality and monopoles
Authors: Aprile Francesco , Pasquetti Sara , Zenkevich Yegor
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We consider T [SU(N)] and its mirror, and we argue that there are two more dual frames, which are obtained by adding flipping fields for the moment map on the Higgs and Coulomb branch. Turning on a monopole deformation in T [SU(N)], and following its effect on each dual frame, we obtain four new daughter theories dual to each other. We are then able to construct pairs of 3d spectral dual theories by performing simple operations on the four dual frames of T [SU(N)]. Engineering these 3d spectral pairs as codimension-two defect theories coupled to a trivial 5d theory, via Higgsing, we show that our 3d spectral dual theories descend from spectral duality in 5d, or fiber base duality in topological string. We provide further consistency checks about our web of dualities by matching partition functions on the squashed sphere, and in the case of spectral duality, matching exactly topological string computations with holomorphic blocks.
Light-cone reduction of Witten’s open string field theory
Authors: Matsunaga Hiroaki
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We elucidate some exact relations between light-cone and covariant string field theories on the basis of the homological perturbation lemma for A
∞. The covariant string field splits into the light-cone string field and trivial excitations of BRST quartets: the latter generates the gauge symmetry and covariance. We first show that the reduction of gauge degrees can be performed by applying the lemma, which gives a refined version of the no-ghost theorem of covariant strings. Then, we demonstrate that after the reduction, gauge-fixed theory can be regarded as a kind of effective field theory and it provides an exact gauge-fixing procedure taking into account interactions. As a result, a novel light-cone string field theory is obtained from Witten’s open string field theory.
Quantum mirror curve of periodic chain geometry
Authors: Kimura Taro , Sugimoto Yuji
Published: April 2019

Abstract

The mirror curves enable us to study B-model topological strings on noncompact toric Calabi-Yau threefolds. One of the method to obtain the mirror curves is to calculate the partition function of the topological string with a single brane. In this paper, we discuss two types of geometries: one is the chain of N ℙ1’s which we call “N-chain geometry,” the other is the chain of N ℙ1’s with a compactification which we call “periodic N-chain geometry.” We calculate the partition functions of the open topological strings on these geometries, and obtain the mirror curves and their quantization, which is characterized by (elliptic) hypergeometric difference operator. We also find a relation between the periodic chain and ∞-chain geometries, which implies a possible connection between 5d and 6d gauge theories in the larte N limit.
Pediatric pneumonia
Authors: Sulley Saanie , Ndanga Memory
Published: April 2019

Background:

Pediatric pneumonia is a significant cause of inpatient care in the United States. Significant resource utilization and the high cost of care necessitate careful evaluation, especially with continuously decreasing financial resources. Several studies have evaluated subsets and regional impact of these diagnoses, but only a few have evaluated these on a national level.

Methods:

This retrospective analysis utilized the 2009–2012 HCUP KID Inpatient Dataset to evaluate the relationship between pneumonia diagnosis and factors affecting cost for patients between 0 and 21. One hundred forty-five thousand one hundred forty-six patients' charges with primary pneumonia diagnosis were evaluated based on LOS, chronic conditions, severity, mortality and region.

Results:

Majority of cases of diagnosis were of unspecified organism: 11,4811 (78%) of the total population. RSV-related pneumonia diagnosis presented second with a total of 8,156 (5.5%). Charges for pneumonia in the Emergency Department (ER) were about $13,104 and non-ER presentation at $10,238. LOS affected total charge and mortality risk for all patient population regardless of age.

Conclusion:

This nationwide study provides a unique preview of the cost associated with care for pediatric pneumonia. Such information is essential in developing strategies to improve health outcomes and resources allocation.
Understanding the relevance of herb–drug interaction studies with special focus on interplays: a prerequisite for integrative medicine
Authors: Borse Swapnil P. , Singh Devendra P. , Nivsarkar Manish
Published: April 2019

Integrative medicine refers to the blending of conventional and evidence-based complementary medicines and therapies with the aim of using the most appropriate of either or both modalities for ultimate patient benefits. One of the major hurdles for the same is the chances of potential herb–drug interactions (HDIs). These HDIs could be beneficial or harmful, or even fatal; therefore, a thorough understanding of the eventualities of HDIs is essential so that a successful integration of the modern and complementary alternative systems of medicine could be achieved. Here, we summarize all the important points related to HDIs, including types, tools/methods for study, and prediction of the HDIs, along with a special focus on interplays between drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. In addition, this article covers future perspective, with a focus on background endogenous players of interplays and approaches to predict the drug–disease–herb interactions so as to fetch the desired effects of these interactions.
MODELLING MORTALITY DEPENDENCE WITH REGIME-SWITCHING COPULAS
Authors: Zhou Rui
Published: April 2019

We propose a two-regime Markov switching copula to depict the evolution of mortality dependence. One regime represents periods of high dependence and the other regime represents periods of low dependence. Each regime features a regular vine (R-vine) copula that, built on bivariate copulas, provides great flexibility for modelling complex high-dimensional dependence. Our estimated model indicates that the years of recovery from extreme mortality deterioration and the years of health care reform more likely fall into the low regime, while the years in which extreme mortality deteriorating events break out and the peaceful years without major mortality-impacting events more likely fall into the high regime. We use a case study to illustrate how the regime-switching copula can be applied to assess the effectiveness of longevity risk hedge with different beliefs about future mortality dependence evolution incorporated.
A Comparison of Death Anxiety, Intolerance of Uncertainty and Self-Esteem as Predictors of Social Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Lowe Juanita , Harris Lynne M.
Published: April 2019

This study sought to examine the role of death anxiety as a transdiagnostic predictor of social anxiety symptomatology compared to self-esteem and intolerance of uncertainty, and to examine the relationship between measures of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity and death anxiety. A total of 591 participants, 445 females, average age 38.0 years (SD = 14.5), completed an online survey including background questions, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Social Interaction Anxiety and Social Phobia Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, the Spirituality Scale, and the Death Anxiety Scale. No significant, independent relationship was found between death anxiety and social anxiety symptomatology, although self-esteem and intolerance of uncertainty were significant predictors of both measures of social anxiety, confirming the importance of these key transdiagnostic mediators as predictors of social anxiety symptomatology. A strong negative correlation was found between death anxiety and measures of both intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity in this general population sample not selected for high religious affiliation.
Military Lawyers Making Law: Israel’s Governance of the West Bank and Gaza
Authors: Geva Maayan
Published: April 2019

This Article examines Israeli military lawyers’ practice of international humanitarian law (IHL) revolving around the West Bank and Gaza. Based on interviews with legal officers serving in the army between 1967–2009 and archival materials, it interrogates these lawyers’ work—the stories that they tell about law, their legal interpretations and their interactions with military decision makers. This interrogation is set in the context of broader structural, historical, and political shifts. Anchored around lawyers’ stories about law, their narration of law’s relationship with politics, and its position in relation to violence, this account sets out to contribute to discussions on lawyers’—and by extension law’s—past and present positions in states’ military affairs.
Making Sense of Ruins: Architectural Reconstruction and Collective Memory in Belgrade
Authors: Bădescu Gruia
Published: April 2019

Fifteen years after the 1999 NATO bombings, a number of emblematic buildings in Belgrade still lie in ruins and are at the center of debates surrounding their reconstruction. This article examines the collective memory and narratives of the NATO bombings through a spatial lens, looking at how architectural discourses of reconstruction relate to multiple understandings and narratives of the bombings themselves. It focuses on how architects in Belgrade discuss and envision the reconstruction of buildings such as the Generalštab in relationship to the collective memories of political violence and war. The article explores the continuum between calls for full restoration and memorialization, by discussing how architects relate to the bombing of 1999 on personal and professional levels, and how narratives of the bombing influence architectural visions for the reconstruction itself. All in all, the article argues that architectural reconstruction, collective memory, and national identity shape each other. On the one hand, reconstruction responds to collective memory as architects make sense of the collective memory of war; on the other hand, reconstructed urban space reshapes memory by creating a newcadre matérielfor remembrance.
The World of Work in the Habsburg Banat (1716–51/53): Early Concepts of State-Based Social and Healthcare Schemes for Imperial Staff and Relatives
Authors: Jesner Sabine
Published: April 2019

Nowadays employment in the civil serviceis often considered a well-nurtured, relatively well-paid position and a “safe” way to earn a living that is not overly stressful. In addition, a lucrative civil servant's pension is seen to ensure a leisurely retirement with medical insurance. However, this widespread assumption is based on misconceptions and obscures the reality of its conditions and circumstances. This article analyzes how the Habsburg state in the first half of the eighteenth century implemented modern concepts and ideas of social security and health in connection with public welfare and to support imperial officials. It focuses in particular on office-bearers employed in the Habsburg province Banat of Temeswar and their close relatives.
Similitude, égalité et réciprocité
Authors: Signori Gabriela
Published: April 2019

Dans les sociétés urbaines cisalpines, contrairement au monde méditerranéen, le mariage comme pratique sociale et comme objet de discours théologique et didactique est régi par des représentations d’égalité et de réciprocité. De ces discours, qui recourent à l’idée du mariage paradisiaque développée dans l’Antiquité tardive, traite la première partie de cet article, tandis qu’une série de contrats de mariage, en particulier ceux conservés dans les archives municipales de Strasbourg (chambre des contrats), est soumis à une analyse détaillée dans la seconde partie. L’analyse des contrats de mariage révèle que pratique sociale et discours didactique sont indissolublement liés l’un à l’autre, voire que les représentations d’égalité et de réciprocité mentionnées ci-dessus sont autant des idées que des pratiques ancrées, en fin de compte, dans un droit successoral qui ne privilégie personne, traitant fils et fille d’une manière égale.
Les Romains riaient-ils ?
Authors: Beard Mary
Published: April 2019

Le rire est l’un des plus difficiles et des plus fascinants objets historiques, tant il résiste à la possibilité de conclusions fermes et de systématisation. En partant du témoignage de Dion Cassius à propos d’un fou rire, au Colisée, en 192 av. J.-C., cet article explore les différents défis heuristiques de l’histoire du rire – plus particulièrement pour l’Antiquité classique. Il défend l’idée qu’il n’existe pas de « théorie classique du rire », qui est, dans la forme que nous connaissons, une invention de la Renaissance, relayée ensuite, et que les approches du rire en Grèce et dans l’ancienne Rome sont bien plus nombreuses que l’on imagine habituellement. Il est néanmoins possible d’identifier des éléments types repris dans les usages discursifs du rire dans la Rome antique. Ce texte examine plus particulièrement la manière dont le rire fut utilisé pour intervenir entre le pouvoir politique et l’autocratie, mais aussi comment le rire est considéré comme frontière entre l’animal et l’homme. La réflexion s’achève sur la possibilité et les conditions selon lesquelles, nous, contemporains, pouvons partager, encore aujourd’hui, le rire des Romains.
La deuxième tombe de Sitting Bull
Authors: Grillot Thomas
Published: April 2019

La colonisation de l’actuel Vietnam et l’établissement du protectorat français au Tonkin à la fin du XIXesiècle ont engendré de nouveaux modes de production agricole et d’utilisation des ressources naturelles. Cette évolution est saisie au travers de l’étude d’un mouvement de colonisation endogène spontané qui s’est développé « illégalement » dans le courant de la première moitié du XXesiècle, en direction de plusieurs villages collinaires de deux districts de la province de Phú Thoø. La confrontation des archives produites par les autorités du protectorat et de la mémoire vive de ces événements restitués par d’anciens colonsplanteurs et leurs descendants dévoile en filigrane l’entreprise de manipulation et de falsification à laquelle se livra l’appareil colonial pour s’attribuer sur le tard la paternité de ce mouvement de colonisation qui bouleversa l’environnement naturel, social et économique de la région.
Pitting prime minister cues with party cues in a multiparty system: a survey experiment in Japan
Authors: Yokoyama Tomoya , Kobayashi Tetsuro
Published: April 2019

Motivated by a previous finding that single-party cues have no effect in Japan and by the increasing ‘presidentialization’ of Japanese politics, the present study examined whether the use of prime minister cues in place of single-party cues helps Japanese voters form policy preferences. In addition, to probe the effect of party cues that are unique to multiparty systems, the effect of multiple-party cues, which indicate that a policy is supported by multiple rather than single ideologically distinct parties, was investigated. The results of a survey experiment showed that while prime minister cues are not utilized by the supporters of incumbent parties, the supporters of opposition parties demonstrated significantly reduced approval of a policy when there was an indication that the prime minister supported it. The effect of prime minister cues on opposition supporters was stronger than that of Liberal Democratic Party cues, suggesting that leader cues are effective in Japan. Furthermore, a cue indicating that ideologically distinct parties support a policy enhances approval for that policy among the public, which suggests that multiple-party rather than single-party cues are informative in multiparty systems. Theoretical implications are discussed.
National Volcano Warning System Gains Steam
Authors: Lewis Forrest
Published: April 2019

It took more than a decade, but a bill that funds U.S. volcano monitoring efforts and establishes a single system became law on 12 March.
Atacama’s Past Rainfall Followed Pacific Sea Temperature
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: April 2019

This is the first paleoclimate record of precipitation near Atacama’s hyperarid core and suggests that its moisture source is different from that of the Andes.
Continuing AGU’s Legacy in Publishing: AGU Advances’ New Editor in Chief
Authors: McEntee Chris
Published: April 2019

Susan Trumbore will lead this new, highly selective journal in publishing cutting-edge research across the Earth and space sciences.
Nearly Instantaneous Tsunamis Following the Mw 7.5 2018 Palu Earthquake
Authors: Carvajal Matías , Araya‐Cornejo Cristian , Sepúlveda Ignacio , Melnick Daniel , Haase Jennifer S.
Published: April 2019

The tsunami observations produced by the 2018 magnitude 7.5 Palu strike‐slip earthquake challenged the traditional basis underlying tsunami hazard assessments and early warning systems. We analyzed an extraordinary collection of 38 amateur and closed circuit television videos to show that the Palu tsunamis devastated widely separated coastal areas around Palu Bay within a few minutes after the mainshock and included wave periods shorter than 100 s missed by the local tide station. Although rupture models based on teleseismic and geodetic data predict up to 5‐m tsunami runups, they cannot explain the higher surveyed runups nor the tsunami waveforms reconstructed from video footage, suggesting either these underestimate actual seafloor deformation and/or that non‐tectonic sources were involved. Post‐tsunami coastline surveys combined with video evidence and modeled tsunami travel times suggest that submarine landslides contributed to tsunami generation. The video‐based observations have broad implications for tsunami hazard assessments, early warning systems, and risk‐reduction planning.
Proton Temperature Anisotropies in the Plasma Environment of Venus
Authors: Bader A. , Stenberg Wieser G. , André M. , Wieser M. , Futaana Y. , Persson M. , Nilsson H. , Zhang T. L.
Published: April 2019

Velocity distribution functions (VDFs) are a key to understanding the interplay between particles and waves in a plasma. Any deviation from an isotropic Maxwellian distribution may be unstable and result in wave generation. Using data from the ion mass spectrometer IMA (Ion Mass Analyzer) and the magnetometer (MAG) onboard Venus Express, we study proton distributions in the plasma environment of Venus. We focus on the temperature anisotropy, that is, the ratio between the proton temperature perpendicular (T⊥) and parallel (T‖) to the background magnetic field. We calculate average values of T⊥ and T‖ for different spatial areas around Venus. In addition we present spatial maps of the average of the two temperatures and of their average ratio. Our results show that the proton distributions in the solar wind are quite isotropic, while at the bow shock stronger perpendicular than parallel heating makes the downstream VDFs slightly anisotropic (T⊥/T‖ > 1) and possibly unstable to generation of proton cyclotron waves or mirror mode waves. Both wave modes have previously been observed in Venus's magnetosheath. The perpendicular heating is strongest in the near‐subsolar magnetosheath (T⊥/T‖≈3/2), which is also where mirror mode waves are most frequently observed. We believe that the mirror mode waves observed here are indeed generated by the anisotropy. In the magnetotail we observe planetary protons with largely isotropic VDFs, originating from Venus's ionosphere.