bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tensor products of finitely presented functors
Authors: Bies Martin , Posur Sebastian
Published: July 2021

We provide explicit constructions for various ingredients of right exact monoidal structures on the category of finitely presented functors. As our main tool, we prove a multilinear version of the universal property of so-called Freyd categories, which in turn is used in the proof of correctness of our constructions. Furthermore, we compare our construction with the Day convolution of arbitrary additive functors. Day convolution always yields a closed monoidal structure on the category of all additive functors. In contrast, right exact monoidal structures for finitely presented functor categories are not necessarily closed. We provide a necessary criterion for being closed that relies on the underlying category having weak kernels and a so-called finitely presented prointernal hom structure. Our results are stated in a constructive way and thus serve as a unified approach for the implementation of tensor products in various contexts.
Manganese(III) 5,15-diazaporphyrins: Synthesis, properties, and catalytic use for benzylic C–H fluorination
Authors: Mori Shiho , Nishimura Tsubasa , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Miyake Yoshihiro
Published: July 2021

Fluorination of sp3 C–H bonds has attracted considerable attention as a promising method for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds. Manganese porphyrins have been extensively investigated as catalysts in the fluorination of saturated sp3 C–H bonds. Recently, we have found that iron(III) 5,15-diazaporphyrins, which are porphyrin analogues with imine-type sp2-hybridized nitrogen atoms at the meso-positions, showed high catalytic performance in the oxidation of sp3 C–H bonds. Here we disclose the synthesis, structure, and electronic properties of manganese(III) 5,15-diazaporphyrins. We also demonstrate the catalysis of chloromanganese(III) 5,15-diazaporphyrins for benzylic fluorination.
Huber Estimation for Uncertain Autoregressive Model
Authors: Liu Zhe
Published: July 2021

Traditional time analysis deals with observations in chronological order assuming the observations are precise numbers under the framework of probability theory, whereas data are imprecisely collected in many cases. This paper characterizes the imprecisely observed data as uncertain variables and estimates the unknown parameters in the uncertain autoregressive model using Huber loss function, which is more flexible compared with other robust estimations for a pre-given [Formula: see text] that regulates the amount of robustness. Then prediction value and prediction interval of the future value are given. What is more, a method to choose [Formula: see text] by cross-validation is proposed. At last, numerical examples show our methods in detail and illustrate the robustness of Huber estimation by comparing it with the least square estimation. Our methods are also applied to a set of real data with carbon dioxide concentrations.
Preparation of Copper and Nickel-Based Oxide Self-Supporting Electrode by Electrochemical Etching Method for the Detection of Glucose
Authors: Cui Naiyuan , Wang Sizhan , Wang Lu
Published: July 2021

It is of great significance to prepare electrochemical glucose sensors with high selectivity and stability via effective and rapid methods. In this work, the self-support electrode with copper and nickel-based oxide is prepared by chemical-etching reaction which occurred under the property of electrochemical potential difference. In this processing, nickel foam is etched selectively by Cu[Formula: see text] ions and they not only act as self-supporting electrode substrate, but also as nickel ions precursor of NiO. Moreover, the reaction can be completely satisfied on 30 min at room temperature. As a self-supporting electrode nonenzymic glucose electrochemical sensor, the electrode exhibited a wide linear range (0.04–3.00[Formula: see text]mM), low detection limit (0.02[Formula: see text]mM) with high sensitivity of 1096[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] and good selectivity, repeatability and stability. Furthermore, the application of the prepared sensor provides an avenue for the application of the transition metal materials in the field of electrochemical sensing.
Construction of Magnetically Retrievable g-C3N4/TiO2-MnFe2O4 Halloysite Composites with Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Ren Zongli , Zhao Zhongwei , Yang Zhao , Cheng Bin , Yang Xuan
Published: July 2021

Constructing heterojunction photocatalyst is an effective method to enhance the separation of photogenerated electron and hole, which significantly improves ability of visible light response. In this study, calcination methods have been proposed to prepare highly efficient magnetic ternary photocatalyst g-C3N4/TiO2-MnFe2O4 halloysite. It showed an enhanced photocatalytic degradation for dyes (crystal violet) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetaminophen) under vision light irradiation. Compared to pure g-C3N4, TiO2, MnFe2O4 halloysite and binary g-C3N4-MnFe2O4 halloysite, the optimized ternary g-C3N4/TiO2-MnFe2O4 halloysite displayed enhanced photodegradation efficiency with 91.1% removal of crystal violet (10[Formula: see text]ppm) in 90[Formula: see text]min under visible light irradiation, the optimized ternary g-C3N4/TiO2-MnFe2O4 halloysite composite showed significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity with more than 79.1% removal of acetaminophen (10[Formula: see text]ppm) within 90[Formula: see text]min under visible light. The photocatalytic mechanism was identified through the free radical quenching experiment. The heterojunction photocatalyst could be easily recovered by an extra magnetic field and reused several times without any obvious deterioration in catalytic activity. Besides, the ternary heterojunction also exhibited antibacterial ability against Escherichia coli. The superior photocatalytic performance of composite should be mainly attributed to both the improvement of light harvesting as well as the enhanced separation and transfer efficiency. It is expected that this novel ternary visible-light responding composite would be a promising candidate material for organic pollutants degradation and bacteria inactivation.
Energy Efficiency: What Has Research Delivered in the Last 40 Years?
Authors: Saunders Harry D. , Roy Joyashree , Azevedo Inês M.L. , Chakravarty Debalina , Dasgupta Shyamasree , de la Rue du Can Stephane , Druckman Angela , Fouquet Roger , Grubb Michael , Lin Boqiang , Lowe Robert , Madlener Reinhard , McCoy Daire M. , Mundaca Luis , Oreszczyn Tadj , Sorrell Steven , Stern David , Tanaka Kanako , Wei Taoyuan
Published: July 2021

This article presents a critical assessment of 40 years of research that may be brought under the umbrella of energy efficiency, spanning different aggregations and domains—from individual producing and consuming agents to economy-wide effects to the role of innovation to the influence of policy. After 40 years of research, energy efficiency initiatives are generally perceived as highly effective. Innovation has contributed to lowering energy technology costs and increasing energy productivity. Energy efficiency programs in many cases have reduced energy use per unit of economic output and have been associated with net improvements in welfare, emission reductions, or both. Rebound effects at the macro level still warrant careful policy attention, as they may be nontrivial. Complexity of energy efficiency dynamics calls for further methodological and empirical advances, multidisciplinary approaches, and granular data at the service level for research in this field to be of greatest societal benefit.
Cell-to-Cell Heterogeneity in Trypanosomes
Authors: Luzak Vanessa , López-Escobar Lara , Siegel T. Nicolai , Figueiredo Luisa M.
Published: July 2021

Recent developments in single-cell and single-molecule techniques have revealed surprising levels of heterogeneity among isogenic cells. These advances have transformed the study of cell-to-cell heterogeneity into a major area of biomedical research, revealing that it can confer essential advantages, such as priming populations of unicellular organisms for future environmental stresses. Protozoan parasites, such as trypanosomes, face multiple and often hostile environments, and to survive, they undergo multiple changes, including changes in morphology, gene expression, and metabolism. But why does only a subset of proliferative cells differentiate to the next life cycle stage? Why do only some bloodstream parasites undergo antigenic switching while others stably express one variant surface glycoprotein? And why do some parasites invade an organ while others remain in the bloodstream? Building on extensive research performed in bacteria, here we suggest that biological noise can contribute to the fitness of eukaryotic pathogens and discuss the importance of cell-to-cell heterogeneity in trypanosome infections.
Efimov Physics and Connections to Nuclear Physics
Authors: Kievsky A. , Gattobigio M. , Girlanda L. , Viviani M.
Published: July 2021

Physical systems characterized by a shallow two-body bound or virtual state are governed at large distances by continuous scale invariance, which is broken into discrete scale invariance when three or more particles come into play. This symmetry induces a universal behavior for different systems that is independent of the details of the underlying interaction and rooted in the smallness of the ratio ℓ/ a B ≪ 1, where the length a B is associated with the binding energy of the two-body system [Formula: see text], and ℓ is the natural length given by the interaction range. Efimov physics refers to this universal behavior, which is often hidden by the onset of system-specific nonuniversal effects. In this review, we identify universal properties by providing an explicit link of physical systems to their unitary limit, in which a B → ∞, and we show that nuclear systems belong to this class of universality.
Generating and Using Transcriptomically Based Retinal Cell Atlases
Authors: Shekhar Karthik , Sanes Joshua R.
Published: July 2021

It has been known for over a century that the basic organization of the retina is conserved across vertebrates. It has been equally clear that retinal cells can be classified into numerous types, but only recently have methods been devised to explore this diversity in unbiased, scalable, and comprehensive ways. Advances in high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have played a pivotal role in this effort. In this article, we outline the experimental and computational components of scRNA-seq and review studies that have used them to generate retinal atlases of cell types in several vertebrate species. These atlases have enabled studies of retinal development, responses of retinal cells to injury, expression patterns of genes implicated in retinal disease, and the evolution of cell types. Recently, the inquiry has expanded to include the entire eye and visual centers in the brain. These studies have enhanced our understanding of retinal function and dysfunction and provided tools and insights for exploring neural diversity throughout the brain.
Functionalized Embedded Monometallic Nickel Catalysts for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution: Performance and Stability
Authors: Doan Huong , Kendrick Ian , Blanchard Remi , Jia Qingying , Knecht Ellie , Freeman Andrew , Jankins Tanner , Bates Michael K. , Mukerjee Sanjeev
Published: July 2021

Viable anionic exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis for H2 production requires highly active hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts that are also robust and cost-effective. Traditionally juxtaposition of two transition metals with one being more oxophilic is necessary for easier access to water in the inner Helmholtz plane as a source of protons in the crucial Volmer step for enhanced HER activity. However, they are prone to passivation at anodic potentials or deactivation via the formation of sub-surface metal hydrides at high cathodic overpotentials. Here we report a method of enabling close juxtaposition of Ni-Ni-oxide surfaces by functionalizing Ni-based catalysts via the careful thermal treatment of carbon-supported Ni nano-particles chelated with a select organic chelating compound referred to as cupferron. This functionalization results in an embedded Ni surface with a clear graphitic coating engendering long-term stability for passivation and subsurface hydride formation. The stability and activity of the functionalized Ni catalyst are demonstrated in half-cell RDE and full-cell AEM membrane-based hydrogen pump experiments. In the case of the latter, the functionalized Ni outperforms carbon-supported Pt.
Association between Prognostic Nutritional Index and Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Complicated with Chronic Kidney Disease and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Dong Xiaoli , Wang Bo , Chen Shiqun , Liu Jin , Xia Yu , Wang Shouhong , Li Bin , Wang Sheng , Ying Ming , Li Huanqiang , Mai Ziling , Yang Yongquan , Chen Jiyan , Liu Yong , Qin Tiehe , Tan Ning
Published: July 2021

Background. Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is a major adverse effect of coronary angiography (CAG). Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are at high risk of CA-AKI. This study aimed to investigate the association between prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and CA-AKI in this high-risk population. Methods. This study enrolled a total of 4,391 patients. CA-AKI was defined as a serum creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dL or 50% from baseline within the first 48 hours following CAG. The PNI was calculated upon hospital admission: serum albumin (g/L) + 5 × total lymphocyte count (109/L). PNI was analysed from the high level to low level as a continuous variable and categorical variable which was divided into four groups by quartile. Restricted cubic splines and logistic regression were applied. Results. Overall, 13.09% (575/4391) of patients developed CA-AKI. PNI score was significantly lower in patients with CA-AKI than that in patients without CA-AKI (

P
<
0.01

). The relationship between PNI score and CA-AKI was linear. A logistic regression model revealed that decreased PNI score was associated with increased risk of CA-AKI [per 1-point decrement; adjusted OR = 1.08, 95% CI, 1.05–1.09; compared with Quartile 1 (PNI ≥ 46.30), Quartile 4 (PNI < 37.90), adjusted OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.41–2.51; and Quartile 3 (37.90 ≤ PNI < 42.15), adjusted OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.02–1.84]. Conclusion. Our study indicated a negative linear relationship between PNI score and CA-AKI in patients undergoing CAG complicated with CKD and CAD. It suggested that malnutrition is associated with increased risk of CA-AKI in this population.
Certain Properties of Generalized M-Series under Generalized Fractional Integral Operators
Authors: Suthar D. L. , Gidaf Fasil , Andualem Mitku
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study is to introduce new (presumed) generalized fractional integral operators involving

I

-function as a kernel. In addition, two theorems have been developed under these operators that provide an image formula for this generalized

M

-series and also to study the different properties of the generalized

M

-series. The corresponding assertions in terms of Euler and Laplace transform methods are presented. Due to the general nature of the

I

-function and the generalized

M

-series, a number of results involving special functions can be achieved only by making appropriate values for the parameters.
Multiscale Convolutional Neural Networks with Attention for Plant Species Recognition
Authors: Wang Xianfeng , Zhang Chuanlei , Zhang Shanwen
Published: July 2021

Plant species recognition is a critical step in protecting plant diversity. Leaf‐based plant species recognition research is important and challenging due to the large within‐class difference and between‐class similarity of leaves and the rich inconsistent leaves with different sizes, colors, shapes, textures, and venations. Most existing plant leaf recognition methods typically normalize all leaf images to the same size and then recognize them at one scale, which results in unsatisfactory performances. A novel multiscale convolutional neural network with attention (AMSCNN) model is constructed for plant species recognition. In AMSCNN, multiscale convolution is used to learn the low‐frequency and high‐frequency features of the input images, and an attention mechanism is utilized to capture rich contextual relationships for better feature extraction and improving network training. Extensive experiments on the plant leaf dataset demonstrate the remarkable performance of AMSCNN compared with the hand‐crafted feature‐based methods and deep‐neural network‐based methods. The maximum accuracy attained along with AMSCNN is 95.28%.
Association between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Diabetic Retinopathy: A 5-Year Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Ma Yingbo , Li Shengjie , Zhang Aiping , Ma Yi , Wan Yani , Han Jianping , Cao Wenjun , Xu Gezhi
Published: July 2021

Purpose. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been regarded as an emerging biomarker of the general population and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between RDW and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods. This case-control study included 167 patients with DR, 131 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and 170 age- and sex-matched healthy controls from April 2014 to May 2019. Demographic data, laboratory parameters, and ocular examinations were collected. Results. RDW values of the DR group were significantly higher than those of the healthy control (

p
<
0.001

) and DM group (

p
=
0.002

). A similar trend was observed when RDW was compared among the 3 groups with respect to age and gender. Logistic regression analysis has shown the OR of RDW was 3.791 (2.33–6.168;

p
<
0.001

) against the control group and was 1.348 (0.997–1.823;

p
=
0.047

) against the DM group. Conclusion. RDW values were significantly elevated in DR patients, and an elevated RDW was associated with an increased incidence of DR in patients with DM.
Development and Validation of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Based Machine Learning Model for TMJ Pathologies
Authors: Orhan Kaan , Driesen Lukas , Shujaat Sohaib , Jacobs Reinhilde , Chai Xiangfei
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to propose a machine learning model and assess its ability to classify TMJ pathologies on magnetic resonance (MR) images. This retrospective cohort study included 214 TMJs from 107 patients with TMJ signs and symptoms. A radiomics platform was used to extract (Huiying Medical Technology Co., Ltd., China) imaging features of TMJ pathologies, condylar bone changes, and disc displacements. Thereafter, different machine learning (ML) algorithms and logistic regression were implemented on radiomic features for feature selection, classification, and prediction. The following radiomic features included first‐order statistics, shape, texture, gray‐level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM), gray‐level run length matrix (GLRLM), and gray‐level size zone matrix (GLSZM). Six classifiers, including logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), k‐nearest neighbors (KNN), XGBoost, and support vector machine (SVM) were used for model building which could predict the TMJ pathologies. The performance of models was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curve. KNN and RF classifiers were found to be the most optimal machine learning model for the prediction of TMJ pathologies. The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity for the training set were 0.89 and 1, while those for the testing set were 0.77 and 0.74, respectively, for condylar changes and disc displacement, respectively. For TMJ condylar bone changes Large‐Area High‐Gray‐Level Emphasis, Gray‐Level Nonuniformity, Long‐Run Emphasis Long‐Run High‐Gray‐Level Emphasis, Flatness, and Volume features, while for TMJ disc displacements Average Intensity, Sum Average, Spherical Disproportion, and Entropy features, were selected. This study has proposed a machine learning model by KNN and RF analysis on TMJ MR images, which can be used to classify condylar changes and TMJ disc displacements.
Iris Location Algorithm Based on Union‐Find‐Set and Block Search
Authors: Huang Long-yang , Zhang Li-qiang , Duan Xiao-li
Published: July 2021

In view of the problem of unstable recognition effect and low robustness of a traditional iris location algorithm, an iris location algorithm based on union‐find‐set and block search is proposed. Firstly, the inner circle of the iris is roughly positioned by the method of retrieval, and then, the Hough transform is used to accurately locate the pupil. After that, the convolution operation is used to roughly locate the outer circle, and then, the original image is partitioned to search. And the grayscale change in the gray histogram of the screenshot is observed to accurately locate the outer circle. The obtained iris and the iris obtained by the traditional localization algorithm are processed by the same iris recognition algorithm. The results show that the proposed image is more effective in image recognition and has good robustness.
Living Standard of Academic Staff at Haramaya University
Authors: Sintayehu Birhanu , Hussien Anwar Ahmed
Published: July 2021

Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs suggests that human beings cannot reach the level of self-actualization in the event that their basic needs are not properly fulfilled, i.e., physiological needs and needs related to security. This study is an effort to test the theory against the living standard of instructors of Haramaya University (the researchers explore where academic staff are leveled). A qualitative approach was employed to make an empirical investigation of living conditions of instructors in this particular university and its implication on imparting quality education. To do so, the study was attempted from a phenomenographic viewpoint by identifying four themes of conceptions of living standards of academic staff. These include (1) salary, (2) housing, (3) job security, and (4) self-esteem. The findings of the study revealed that, among other things, poor living conditions of higher education staff, rising living cost, inadequate monthly salaries, derisory housing allowances, and lack of job security made it extremely difficult to change the workplace and resulted in low morale and poor self-esteem of the teaching staff. It is difficult to imagine high-quality education without high-quality instructors. To improve the quality of higher education, basic needs of academic staff must be met; educational inputs must be fulfilled, and the teaching profession should be made more attractive and an important priority of the government.
A GAN and Feature Selection-Based Oversampling Technique for Intrusion Detection
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Li Tong , Zhang Runzi , Wu Di , Liu Yongheng , Yang Zhen
Published: July 2021

In recent years, there have been numerous cyber security issues that have caused considerable damage to the society. The development of efficient and reliable Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) is an effective countermeasure against the growing cyber threats. In modern high-bandwidth, large-scale network environments, traditional IDSs suffer from a high rate of missed and false alarms. Researchers have introduced machine learning techniques into intrusion detection with good results. However, due to the scarcity of attack data, such methods’ training sets are usually unbalanced, affecting the analysis performance. In this paper, we survey and analyze the design principles and shortcomings of existing oversampling methods. Based on the findings, we take the perspective of imbalance and high dimensionality of datasets in the field of intrusion detection and propose an oversampling technique based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) and feature selection. Specifically, we model the complex high-dimensional distribution of attacks based on Gradient Penalty Wasserstein GAN (WGAN-GP) to generate additional attack samples. We then select a subset of features representing the entire dataset based on analysis of variance, ultimately generating a rebalanced low-dimensional dataset for machine learning training. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposal, we conducted experiments based on the NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and CICIDS-2017 datasets. The experimental results show that our method can effectively improve the detection performance of machine learning models and outperform the baselines.
Analysis of Key Factors Affecting Water Disaster in Deep Mining and Establishment of a Water Disaster Evaluation Method Suitable for Different Mining Depths
Authors: He Jianghui , Li Wenping , Qiao Wei , Yang Zhi , Wang Qiqing
Published: July 2021

Deep mining is the current and future mining focus in the coalfield of North China. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a water inrush assessment method suitable for deep mining. The conventional water inrush coefficient (

T

) method is simple to use, but its accuracy is low when the mining depth is very small or large because it neglects the role of the aquifer water yield. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a simple water inrush risk assessment method that is more applicable in deep mining than the

T

method. In this study, the hydrogeological characteristics in deep mining were studied and the role of the aquifer water yield in water inrush was analyzed. Afterwards, an improved

T

method considering the aquifer specific yield (

q

) was established. In the new method, the critical water inrush coefficient changes with changing

q

following a negative correlation. The parameter thresholds were determined based on systematic data analyses of 186 mining cases. The results of the statistical analysis show that the accuracy of the new method at different mining depths is higher than that of the

T

method.
Unhappy Triad: Infection with Leptospira spp. Escherichia coli and Bacteroides uniformis Associated with an Unusual Manifestation of Portal Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Kalbitz Sven , Ermisch Jörg , Schmidt Jonathan M. , Wallstabe Ingo , Lübbert Christoph
Published: July 2021

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare disease with an incidence of 0.7/100,000 inhabitants per year. Septic PVT (pylephlebitis) usually occurs secondary to infection in the anatomic region drained by the portal venous system. We report on a 76-year-old German male who was admitted with a history of recurrent fever and acute renal failure. Blood cultures taken on admission showed Escherichia coli, as well as Bacteroides uniformis after an extended incubation period of 90 h. In addition, infection with Leptospira spp. was diagnosed serologically. Computerized tomography of the abdomen revealed an extensive PVT along with signs of colonic diverticulitis. Symptoms resolved under prolonged antimicrobial therapy with beta-lactams and adequate heparinization. A myeloproliferative disorder could be excluded. There was no evidence of an underlying coagulation disorder. Imaging controls showed an almost complete resolution of the PVT after 6 months of anticoagulation therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such an “unhappy triad,” which includes atypical manifestations of leptospirosis and involvement of other intestinal bacteria.
Hölderlin vanguardista. Desejo de Elfriede Jelinek (1989)
Authors: Degner Uta
Published: July 2021

Ao longo do romance de Elfriede Jelinek, Desejo, há um amplo uso de citações da poesia de Hölderlin, às vezes pouco perceptível, às vezes grotescamente alterada. Tem havido pouco consenso acadêmico sobre a função dessas citações: alguns encontraram vestígios de uma noção utópica de uma sociedade justa e justa para contrastar com a dura sátira do romance; outros leram Hölderlin como representando o patriarcado au-thorship. 

Minha contribuição sugere que Jelinek toma dois dispositivos estilísticos de Hölderlin – a forma gnômica e a ‘harte Fügung’ (harmonia austera) – para integrá-los como princípios principais de seu próprio texto. Ao fazer isso, ela enfatiza Hölderlin como um autor de vanguarda no sentido de Bourdieu: como um autor cujo objetivo é levar a linguagem poética a novos limites. Assim, Jelinek assume a figuração contemporânea de Hölderlin (representada pela edição de D.E. Sattler em Frankfurt); e ao utilizar Hölderlin de forma tão inovadora, ela se posiciona dentro desta tradição vanguardista.
Von der Schönheit des Hassens: Hass und Hässlichkeit als Kulturwiderstand in der österreichischen Gegenwartsliteratur
Authors: Gollner Helmut
Published: July 2021

O artigo trata de uma tendência da literatura austríaca mais recente, que dá espaço irrestrito e amplo ao ódio, não apenas no seu conteúdo, mas também na forma. É uma decisão essencialmente anticultural, na medida em que o entendimento básico de nossa cultura é geralmente humanista. Obviamente, as redes sociais também são pioneiras do ódio gratuito. Também é notável que são, principalmente, jovens mulheres que odeiam: assim, o ódio literário também tem um componente feminista. O artigo não quer apenas justificar o ódio como um impulso literário para escrever (como outros sentimentos também, amor, tristeza, medo, saudade), mas também chamar a atenção para o fato de que o ódio literário tem uma tradição em nossa cultura: por isso, Elfriede Jelinek, Ernst Jandl e Werner Schwab são assuntos de três seções do artigo. Suas obras sugerem que uma existência/o mundo miserável não apenas determina o conteúdo da escrita, mas também deforma a própria linguagem até que sua forma se pareça com o conteúdo, ou seja, até que seja alcançada uma maior autenticidade.
Inszenierungen und Bedeutung von Pausen in den Kabaretts von Josef Hader
Authors: Guggenberger Rainer
Published: July 2021

Este artigo trata de pausas, interrupções e silêncio e as suas funções e os seus significados dramáticos que podem ser detectados nos esquetes teatrais do comediante austríaco Josef Hader. De um ponto de vista geral, nós refletimos sobre o (anti)fenômeno de pausas e silêncio e as suas essências, tentando definí-los, tomando as pausas na música como ponto de partida e análogon teorético.
As Elegias de Buckow, de Bertolt Brecht: tempos sombrios depois da guerra
Authors: Redondo Tercio
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo versa sobre as Elegias de Buckow [Buckower Elegien], produzidas por Brecht a partir de meados de 1953. Para análise e comentário foram selecionados 8 poemas da obra. Nestes procura-se verificar a crítica do autor à situação político-social da Alemanha Oriental nessa época, num quadro de reapresentação de elementos fascistas numa sociedade a que se atribuía a construção do socialismo. No plano formal, procura-se salientar – apelando-se também a poemas anteriores, escritos durante a guerra – a maneira com que, nas elegias, Brecht altera a perspectiva do lamento para atender a necessidades historicamente configuradas.
A Irrigação no Brasil na mira do capital internacional (1964-1975)
Authors: Viaja Júnior Mário Martins
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo analisamos formas de inserção do capital internacional no Brasil ditatorial com vistas à modernização agrícola. Para tanto, perscrutamos documentação legislativa, periódicos, boletins e livros de contratos que desvelam acordos celebrados entre o Estado e firmas nacionais e estrangeiras, bem como estratégias e formas de atuação que posicionam o território nacional estrategicamente na expansão da Revolução Verde. Demonstramos como o investimento no setor agrícola pôde estar relacionado ao endividamento externo, contribuindo para a condição subordinada e dependente do país em relação aos credores financeiros e especialistas sobre a temática da irrigação. Por fim, avaliamos como o empresariado nacional e alto escalão da política nacional se relacionaram no posicionamento diante dessas alterações.
Em defesa do universalismo – mais uma vez! Uma resposta aos críticos de Situando o Self
Authors: Benhabib Seyla , Brito Renata Romolo
Published: July 2021

Tradução de Benhabib, S. (1994). In Defense of Universalism – Yet Again! A Response to Critics of Situating the Self. New German Critique, 62, 173-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/488515.
Tradução de Renata Romolo Brito
Individualismo e a produção de um Comum: implicações neoliberais na seguridade social e possíveis mobilizações
Authors: Cotrim Júnior Dorival Fagundes
Published: July 2021

O ensaio pretende mostrar algumas implicações da racionalidade neoliberal na seguridade social brasileira (especificamente a partir de um dos seus elementos ideológicos, o individualismo), dentre as quais a afetação das bases de sustentação da sociabilidade. Para tal, utilizou-se uma metodologia de pesquisa básica e bibliográfica. O trabalho se inicia com um comentário a respeito da conjuntura de crises e os afetos que esta mobiliza, sob a ótica espinosana, para então construir o agenciamento com o “individualismo feroz” neoliberal. Feito isso, alcança-se o núcleo do ensaio, quando é analisada a influência desta racionalidade individualista na Reforma da Previdência de 2019 e o potencial que ela carrega de minar os afetos que permitem a vida em sociedade e os engajamentos em atividades coletivas. Por fim, investigaram-se as possíveis estratégias de mobilização, pontuando que a construção e o desenvolvimento de uma “multidão global” pode ser uma saída para o enfrentamento destas crises.
Da superstição ao autoritarismo segundo a lógica das paixões: o exemplo de Alexandre no prefácio do Tratado teológico-político
Authors: Santiago Homero
Published: July 2021

Tomando por mote o exemplo das viradas supersticiosas de Alexandre o Grande que Espinosa dá no prefácio do Tratado teológico-político (invocando Quinto Cúrcio), tentaremos mostrar que o percurso entre a propensão à superstição que acomete todos os seres humanos (fato universal) e o estabelecimento de um regime autoritário (fato particular), entendido o autoritarismo como exacerbação da autoridade e da violência política, pode ser inteiramente compreendido no interior de uma “lógica das paixões”. O principal pressuposto para isso é a tese, tomada a Marilena Chaui em sua tese de doutorado Introdução à leitura de Espinosa, de que uma forma política (a forma de um imperium) é uma individualidade e, portanto, tudo o que respeita a um indivíduo, especialmente a teoria do conatus, é aplicável a um Estado (imperium).
Incorporating SGLT2i and GLP-1RA for Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease Risk Reduction: Call for Action to the Cardiology Community
Authors: Nelson Adam J. , Pagidipati Neha J. , Aroda Vanita R. , Cavender Matthew A. , Green Jennifer B. , Lopes Renato D. , Al-Khalidi Hussein , Gaynor Tanya , Kaltenbach Lisa A. , Kirk Julienne K. , Lingvay Ildiko , Magwire Melissa L. , O’Brien Emily C. , Pak Jonathan , Pop-Busui Rodica , Richardson Caroline R. , Reed Monica , Senyucel Cagri , Webb Laura , McGuire Darren K. , Granger Christopher B.
Published: July 2021

Multiple sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) have been shown to impart significant cardiovascular and kidney benefits, but are underused in clinical practice. Both SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA were first studied as glucose-lowering drugs, which may have impeded uptake by cardiologists in the wake of proven cardiovascular efficacy. Their significant effect on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes, which are largely independent of glucose-lowering effects, must drive a broader use of these drugs. Cardiologists are 3 times more likely than endocrinologists to see patients with both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, thus they are ideally positioned to share responsibility for SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA treatment with primary care providers. In order to increase adoption, SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA must be reframed as primarily cardiovascular and kidney disease risk-reducing agents with a side effect of glucose-lowering. Coordinated and multifaceted interventions engaging clinicians, patients, payers, professional societies, and health systems must be implemented to incentivize the adoption of these medications as part of routine cardiovascular and kidney care. Greater use of SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA will improve outcomes for patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular and kidney disease.
Phenotyping Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Zweck Elric , Thayer Katherine L. , Helgestad Ole K. L. , Kanwar Manreet , Ayouty Mohyee , Garan A. Reshad , Hernandez‐Montfort Jaime , Mahr Claudius , Wencker Detlef , Sinha Shashank S. , Vorovich Esther , Abraham Jacob , O’Neill William , Li Song , Hickey Gavin W. , Josiassen Jakob , Hassager Christian , Jensen Lisette O. , Holmvang Lene , Schmidt Henrik , Ravn Hanne B. , Møller Jacob E. , Burkhoff Daniel , Kapur Navin K.
Published: July 2021

Background

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a heterogeneous syndrome with varied presentations and outcomes. We used a machine learning approach to test the hypothesis that patients with CS have distinct phenotypes at presentation, which are associated with unique clinical profiles and in‐hospital mortality.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from 1959 patients with CS from 2 international cohorts: CSWG (Cardiogenic Shock Working Group Registry) (myocardial infarction [CSWG‐MI; n=410] and acute‐on‐chronic heart failure [CSWG‐HF; n=480]) and the DRR (Danish Retroshock MI Registry) (n=1069). Clusters of patients with CS were identified in CSWG‐MI using the consensus k means algorithm and subsequently validated in CSWG‐HF and DRR. Patients in each phenotype were further categorized by their Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions staging. The machine learning algorithms revealed 3 distinct clusters in CS: "non‐congested (I)", "cardiorenal (II)," and "cardiometabolic (III)" shock. Among the 3 cohorts (CSWG‐MI versus DDR versus CSWG‐HF), in‐hospital mortality was 21% versus 28% versus 10%, 45% versus 40% versus 32%, and 55% versus 56% versus 52% for clusters I, II, and III, respectively. The "cardiometabolic shock" cluster had the highest risk of developing stage D or E shock as well as in‐hospital mortality among the phenotypes, regardless of cause. Despite baseline differences, each cluster showed reproducible demographic, metabolic, and hemodynamic profiles across the 3 cohorts.

Conclusions

Using machine learning, we identified and validated 3 distinct CS phenotypes, with specific and reproducible associations with mortality. These phenotypes may allow for targeted patient enrollment in clinical trials and foster development of tailored treatment strategies in subsets of patients with CS.
Prognostic Effect of the SYNTAX Score on 10‐Year Outcomes After Left Main Coronary Artery Revascularization in a Randomized Population: Insights From the Extended PRECOMBAT Trial
Authors: Lee Junghoon , Ahn Jung‐Min , Kim Ju Hyeon , Jeong Yeong Jin , Hyun Junho , Yang Yujin , Lee Ji Sung , Park Hanbit , Kang Do‐Yoon , Lee Pil Hyung , Park Duk‐Woo , Park Seung‐Jung ,   on the behalf of the PRECOMBAT Investigators
Published: July 2021

Background

The long‐term prognostic effect of the SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score (SS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) for left main coronary artery disease is controversial.

Methods and Results

In the PRECOMBAT (Premier of Randomized Comparison of Bypass Surgery Versus Angioplasty Using Sirolimus‐Eluting Stent in Patients With Left Main Coronary Artery Disease) trial, 600 patients with left main coronary artery disease were randomized to undergo PCI with drug‐eluting stents (n=300) or CABG (n=300). We compared 10‐year outcomes after PCI and CABG according to SS categories and evaluated the predictive value of SS in each revascularization arm. The primary outcome was a major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event (composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or ischemia‐driven target‐vessel revascularization) at 10 years. Among 566 patients with valid SS measurement at baseline, 240 (42.4%) had low SS, 200 (35.3%) had intermediate SS, and 126 (22.3%) had high SS. The 10‐year rates of major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events were not significantly different between PCI and CABG in low (21.6% versus 22.2%,
P
=0.97), intermediate (31.8% versus 22.2%;
P
=0.13), and high SS (46.2% versus 35.7%;
P
=0.31) (
P
‐for‐interaction=0.46). There were no significant interactions between SS categories and revascularization modalities for death (
P
=0.92); composite of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (
P
=0.87); and target‐vessel revascularization (
P
=0.06). Higher SS categories were associated with higher risks for major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events in the PCI arm but not in the CABG arm.

Conclusions

Ten‐year clinical outcomes between PCI and CABG were not significantly different according to the SS. The SS was predictive of major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events after PCI but not after CABG.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03871127.
Endothelial Dysfunction is Associated With Early‐Onset Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke in Men and With Increasing Age
Authors: Martinez‐Majander Nicolas , Gordin Daniel , Joutsi‐Korhonen Lotta , Salopuro Titta , Adeshara Krishna , Sibolt Gerli , Curtze Sami , Pirinen Jani , Liebkind Ron , Soinne Lauri , Sairanen Tiina , Sinisalo Juha , Lehto Mika , Groop Per‐Henrik , Tatlisumak Turgut , Putaala Jukka
Published: July 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to assess the association between endothelial function and early‐onset cryptogenic ischemic stroke (CIS), with subgroup analyses stratified by sex and age groups.

Methods and Results

We prospectively enrolled 136 consecutive patients aged 18 to 49 years (median age, 41 years; 44% women) with a recent CIS and 136 age‐ and sex‐matched (±5 years) stroke‐free controls. Endothelial function was measured with an EndoPAT 2000 device and analyzed as tertiles of natural logarithm of reactive hyperemia index with lower values reflecting dysfunction. We used conditional logistic regression adjusting for age, education, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, current smoking, heavy drinking, obesity, and diet score to assess the independent association between endothelial function and CIS. Patients in the lowest tertile of natural logarithm of reactive hyperemia index were more often men and they more frequently had a history of dyslipidemia; they were also more often obese, had a lower diet score, and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. In the entire cohort, we found no association in patients with endothelial function and CIS compared with stroke‐free controls. In sex‐ and age‐specific analyses, endothelial dysfunction was associated with CIS in men (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.50 for lowest versus highest natural logarithm of reactive hyperemia index tertile; 95% CI, 1.22–10.07) and in patients ≥41 years (OR, 5.78; 95% CI, 1.52–21.95). These associations remained significant when dyslipidemia was replaced with the ratio of total to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Conclusions

Endothelial dysfunction appears to be an independent player in early‐onset CIS in men and patients approaching middle age.
Nonproductive Splicing Prevents Expression of MYH7b Protein in the Mammalian Heart
Authors: Lee Lindsey A. , Broadwell Lindsey J. , Buvoli Massimo , Leinwand Leslie A.
Published: July 2021

Background

Although the roles of alpha‐myosin heavy chain (α‐MyHC) and beta‐myosin heavy chain (β‐MyHC) proteins in cardiac contractility have long been appreciated, the biological contribution of another closely related sarcomeric myosin family member, MYH7b (myosin heavy chain 7b), has become a matter of debate. In mammals, MYH7b mRNA is transcribed but undergoes non‐productive alternative splicing that prevents protein expression in a tissue‐specific manner, including in the heart. However, several studies have recently linked MYH7b variants to different cardiomyopathies or have reported MYH7b protein expression in mammalian hearts.

Methods and Results

By analyzing mammalian cardiac transcriptome and proteome data, we show that the vast majority of MYH7b RNA is subject to exon skipping and cannot be translated into a functional myosin molecule. Notably, we discovered a lag in the removal of introns flanking the alternatively spliced exon, which could retain the non‐coding RNA in the nucleus. This process could play a significant role in controlling MYH7b expression as well as the activity of other cardiac genes. Consistent with the negligible level of full‐length protein coding mRNA, no MYH7b protein expression was detected in adult mouse, rat, and human hearts by Western blot analysis. Furthermore, proteome surveys including quantitative mass spectrometry analyses revealed only traces of cardiac MYH7b protein and even then, only in a subset of individual samples.

Conclusions

The comprehensive analysis presented here suggests that previous studies showing cardiac MYH7b protein expression were likely attributable to antibody cross‐reactivity. More importantly, our data predict that the MYH7b disease‐associated variants may operate through the alternately spliced RNA itself.
Comparison of the Particulate Matter Removal Capacity of 11 Herbaceous Landscape Plants
Authors: Kwon Kei-Jung , Odsuren Uuriintuya , Kim Sang-Yong , Yang Jong-Cheol , Park Bong-Ju
Published: July 2021

Background and objective Particulate matter (PM) has a fatal effect on health. There have been many studies on the use of plants such as trees and shrubs as eco-friendly and sustainable biofilter for the removal of PM. In forming more green space, ground cover plants play an important role in multi-layered planting. This study was conducted to investigate the ability of plants to reduce PM, targeting Korean native ground cover plants with high availability in urban green spaces. Methods For 4 species of Asteraceae, 4 species of Liliaceae, and 3 species of Rosaceae, one species of plants at a time were placed in an acrylic chamber (800 × 800 × 1000 mm, L × W × H) modeling an indoor space. After the injection of PM, the amount of PM remaining in the chamber over time was investigated. Results For all three types of PM (PM10, PM2.5, PM1), significant difference occurred in the amount of PM remaining between plant species after 1 hour in the Liliaceae chamber, 3 hours in the Asteraceae chamber, and 5 hours in the Rosaceae chamber. With Liliaceae, the leaf area and the amount of PM remaining in the chamber showed a negative (−) correlation. With the Asteraceae and Rosaceae, there was a weak negative correlation between the leaf area and the amount of PM remaining in the chamber. Conclusion When using ground cover plants as a biofilter to remove PM, it is considered effective to select a species with a large total leaf area, especially for Liliaceae.