bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On why we lack confidence in signal-detection-based analyses of confidence
Authors: Arnold Derek H. , Johnston Alan , Adie Joshua , Yarrow Kielan
Published: November 2022

Signal-detection theory (SDT) is one of the most popular frameworks for analyzing data from studies of human behavior – including investigations of confidence. SDT-based analyses of confidence deliver both standard estimates of sensitivity (d’), and a second estimate based only on high-confidence decisions – meta d’. The extent to which meta d’ estimates fall short of d’ estimates is regarded as a measure of metacognitive inefficiency, quantifying the contamination of confidence by additional noise. These analyses rely on a key but questionable assumption – that repeated exposures to an input will evoke a normally-shaped distribution of perceptual experiences (the normality assumption). Here we show, via analyses inspired by an experiment and modelling, that when distributions of experiences do not conform with the normality assumption, meta d’ can be systematically underestimated relative to d’. Our data therefore highlight that SDT-based analyses of confidence do not provide a ground truth measure of human metacognitive inefficiency.

Public Significance Statement

Signal-detection theory is one of the most popular frameworks for analysing data from experiments of human behaviour – including investigations of confidence. The authors show that the results of these analyses cannot be regarded as ground truth. If a key assumption of the framework is inadvertently violated, analyses can encourage conceptually flawed conclusions.
Deep-learning and transfer learning identify new breast cancer survival subtypes from single-cell imaging data
Authors: Yadav Shashank , Zhou Shu , He Bing , Du Yuheng , Garmire Lana X
Published: November 2022

Quantitative models that explicitly capture single-cell resolution cell-cell interaction features to predict patient survival at population scale are currently missing. Here, we computationally extracted hundreds of features describing single-cell based cell-cell interactions and cellular phenotypes from a large, published cohort of cyto-images of breast cancer patients. We applied these features to a neural-network based Cox-nnet survival model and obtained high accuracy in predicting patient survival in test data (Concordance Index > 0.8). We identified seven survival subtypes using the top survival features, which present distinct profiles of epithelial, immune, fibroblast cells, and their interactions. We identified atypical subpopulations of TNBC patients with moderate prognosis (marked by GATA3 over-expression) and Luminal A patients with poor prognosis (marked by KRT6 and ACTA2 over-expression and CDH1 under-expression). These atypical subpopulations are validated in TCGA-BRCA and METABRIC datasets. This work provides important guidelines on bridging single-cell level information towards population-level survival prediction.

STATEMENT OF TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE

Our findings from a breast cancer population cohort demonstrate the clinical utility of using the single-cell level imaging mass cytometry (IMC) data as a new type of patient prognosis prediction marker. Not only did the prognosis prediction achieve high accuracy with a Concordance index score greater than 0.8, it also enabled the discovery of seven survival subtypes that are more distinguishable than the molecular subtypes. These new subtypes present distinct profiles of epithelial, immune, fibroblast cells, and their interactions. Most importantly, this study identified and validated atypical subpopulations of TNBC patients with moderate prognosis (GATA3 over-expression) and Luminal A patients with poor prognosis (KRT6 and ACTA2 over-expression and CDH1 under-expression), using multiple large breast cancer cohorts.
NPC1variants are not associated with Parkinson’s Disease, REM-sleep behaviour disorder or Dementia with Lewy bodies in European cohorts
Authors: Somerville Emma N. , Krohn Lynne , Yu Eric , Rudakou Uladzislau , Senkevich Konstantin , Ruskey Jennifer A. , Asayesh Farnaz , Ahmad Jamil , Spiegelman Dan , Dauvilliers Yves , Arnulf Isabelle , Hu Michele T.M. , Montplaisir Jacques Y. , Gagnon Jean-François , Desautels Alex , Ibrahim Abubaker , Stefani Ambra , Hogl Birgit , Gigli Gian Luigi , Valente Mariarosaria , Janes Francesco , Bernardini Andrea , Dusek Petr , Sonka Karel , Kemlink David , Plazzi Giuseppe , Antelmi Elena , Biscarini Francesco , Mollenhauer Brit , Trenkwalder Claudia , Sixel-Doring Friederike , Figorilli Michela , Puligheddu Monica , De Cock Valerie Cochen , Ferini-Strambi Luigi , Heibreder Anna , Monaca Christelle Charley , Abril Beatriz , Dijkstra Femke , Viaene Mineke , Boeve Bradley F. , Postuma Ronald B. , Rouleau Guy A. , Gan-Or Ziv
Published: November 2022

NPC1encodes a lysosomal protein involved in cholesterol transport. Biallelic mutations in this gene may lead to Nieman-Pick disease type C, a lysosomal storage disorder. The role ofNPC1in alpha synucleinopathies is still unclear, as different genetic, clinical, and pathological studies have reported contradictory results. This study aimed to evaluate the association ofNPC1variants with the synucleinopathies Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and rapid eye movement (REM)-sleep behavior disorder (RBD). We analyzed common and rare variants from three cohorts of European descent: 1,084 RBD cases and 2,945 controls, 2,852 PD cases and 1,686 controls, and 2,610 DLB cases and 1,920 controls. Logistic regression models were used to assess common variants while optimal sequence Kernel association tests (SKAT-O) were used to assess rare variants, both adjusted for sex, age, and principal components. No variants were associated with any of the synucleinopathies, supporting that common and rareNPC1variants do not play an important role in alpha synucleinopathies.
Integrative pan-cancer genomic and transcriptomic analyses of refractory metastatic cancer
Authors: Pradat Yoann , Viot Julien , Gunbin Konstantin , Yurchenko Andrey , Cerbone Luigi , Deloger Marc , Grisay Guillaume , Verlingue Loic , Scott Véronique , Padioleau Ismael , Panunzi Leonardo , Michiels Stefan , Hollebecque Antoine , Jules-Clément Gérôme , Mezquita Laura , Lainé Antoine , Loriot Yohann , Besse Benjamin , Friboulet Luc , André Fabrice , Cournède Paul-Henry , Gautheret Daniel , Nikolaev Sergey
Published: November 2022

Metastatic relapse after treatment is the leading cause of cancer mortality, and known resistance mechanisms are missing for most treatments administered to patients. To bridge this gap, we analyze a pan-cancer cohort (META-PRISM) of 1,031 refractory metastatic tumors profiled via whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing. META-PRISM tumors, particularly prostate, bladder, and pancreatic types, displayed the most transformed genomes compared to primary untreated tumors. Standard-of-care resistance biomarkers were identified only in lung and colon cancers - 9.3% of META-PRISM tumors, indicating that too few resistance mechanisms have received clinical validation. In contrast, we verified the enrichment of multiple investigational and hypothetical resistance mechanisms in treated compared to non-treated patients, thereby confirming their putative role in treatment resistance. Additionally, we demonstrated that molecular markers improve six-month survival prediction, particularly in patients with advanced breast cancer. Our analysis establishes the utility of the META-PRISM cohort for investigating resistance mechanisms and performing predictive analyses in cancer.

Statement of significance

This study highlights the paucity of standard-of-care markers that explain treatment resistances and the promises of investigational and hypothetical markers awaiting further validation. It also demonstrates the utility of molecular profiling in advanced-stage cancers, particularly breast cancer, to improve the survival prediction and assess eligibility to phase I clinical trial.
Time to negative throat culture following initiation of antibiotics for pharyngeal group AStreptococcus: a systematic review and meta-analysis to inform public health control measures
Authors: McGuire Emma , Li Ang , Collin Simon M , Decraene Valerie , Cook Michael , Padfield Simon , Sriskandan Shiranee , Van Beneden Chris , Lamagni Theresa , Brown Colin S
Published: November 2022

Background

Public health guidance recommending isolation of individuals with group A streptococcal (GAS) infection or carriage for 12-24 hours from antibiotic initiation to prevent onward transmission requires a strong evidence-base.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021290364) and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled proportion of individuals who remain GAS culture-positive at set intervals after initiation of antibiotics. We searched Ovid MEDLINE (1946-), EMBASE (1974-) and the Cochrane library. We included interventional or observational studies with ten or more participants reporting rates of GAS throat culture during antibiotics for culture confirmed GAS pharyngitis, scarlet fever, and asymptomatic pharyngeal GAS carriage. We did not apply age, language, or geographical restrictions.

Findings

Of 5,058 unique records identified, 43 were included; 37 (86%) randomised controlled studies, three (7%) non-randomised controlled trials and three (7%) before-and-after studies. The proportion of individuals who remained culture-positive at day 1, day 2, and day 3-9 were 6.9% (95% CI 2.7-16.8%), 5.4% (95% CI 2.1-13.3%) and 2.6% (95% CI 1.6-4.2%). For penicillins and cephalosporins, day 1 positivity was 6.5% (95% CI 2.5-16.1%) and 1.6% (95% CI 0.04-42.9%) respectively. Overall, for 9.1% (95% CI 7.3-11.3), throat swabs collected after completion of therapy were GAS culture-positive.

Interpretation

Our review provides evidence that antibiotics for pharyngeal GAS achieve a high rate of culture conversion within 24 hours but highlights the need for further research given the methodological limitations of published studies and imprecision of pooled estimates. Further evidence is needed for non-beta-lactam antibiotics and for asymptomatic individuals.
Molecular basis of ligand-dependent Nurr1-RXRα activation
Authors: Yu Xiaoyu , Shang Jinsai , Kojetin Douglas J.
Published: November 2022

Small molecule compounds that activate transcription of Nurr1-RXRα (NR4A2-NR2B1) nuclear receptor heterodimers are implicated in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, but function through poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we show that RXRα ligands activate Nurr1-RXRα through a mechanism that involves ligand-binding domain (LBD) heterodimer proteinprotein interaction (PPI) inhibition, a paradigm distinct from classical pharmacological mechanisms of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor modulation. NMR spectroscopy, protein-protein interaction, cellular transcription assays show that Nurr1-RXRα transcriptional activation by RXRα ligands is not correlated with classical RXRα agonism but instead correlated with weakening Nurr1-RXRα LBD heterodimer affinity and heterodimer dissociation. Our data inform a model by which pharmacologically distinct RXRα ligands (agonists and Nurr1-RXRα selective agonists that function as RXRα antagonists) operate as allosteric PPI inhibitors that release a transcriptionally active Nurr1 monomer from a repressive Nurr1-RXRα heterodimeric complex. These findings provide a molecular blueprint for ligand activation of Nurr1 transcription via small molecule targeting of Nurr1-RXRα.
Bis[(4-methylphenyl)diphenylphosphane-κP](nitrato-κ2
O,O′)silver(I)
Authors: Malan Frederick P. , Potgieter Kariska , Meijboom Reinout
Published: November 2022

The molecular structure of the title AgI complex, [Ag(NO3)(C19H17P)2] or [Ag{(p-CH3C6H4)(C6H5)2P-κP}2-NO3-κ2
O:O′], is described, where a distorted trigonal–planar coordination environment is exhibited about the central AgI atom; in this description, the two O atoms are assumed to occupy one position in the coordination sphere. The compound crystallized with half a molecule in the asymmetric unit having the AgI atom lying on a twofold axis.
An industrial heterogeneous data based quality management KPI visualization system for product quality control
Authors: Zhao Ruihan , Luo Liang , Li Pengzhong , Wang Jinguang
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Quality management systems are commonly applied to meet the increasingly stringent requirements for product quality in discrete manufacturing industries. However, traditional experience-driven quality management methods are incapable of handling heterogeneous data from multiple sources, leading to information islands. This study aims to present a quality management key performance indicator visualization (QM-KPIVIS) system to enable integrated quality control and ultimately ensure product quality.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on multiple heterogeneous data, an integrated approach is proposed to quantify explicitly the relationship between Internet of Things data and product quality. Specifically, this study identifies the tracing path of quality problems based on multiple heterogeneous quality information tree. In addition, a hierarchical analysis approach is adopted to calculate the key performance indicators of quality influencing factors in the quality control process.

Findings

Proposed QM-KPIVIS system consists of data visualization, quality problem processing, quality optimization and user rights management modules, which perform in a well-coordinated manner. An empirical study was also conducted to validate the effectiveness of proposed system.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to use industrial Internet of Things and multisource heterogeneous data for integrated product quality management. Proposed approach is more user-friendly and intuitive compared to traditional empirically driven quality management methods and has been initially applied in the manufacturing industry.
Tolerance analysis of planar parts with skin modeling considering spatial distribution characteristics of surface morphology and local surface deformations
Authors: Shen Tuan-Hui , Lu Cong
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to develop a method to improve the accuracy of tolerance analysis considering the spatial distribution characteristics of part surface morphology (SDCPSM) and local surface deformations (LSD) of planar mating surfaces during the assembly process.

Design/methodology/approach

First, this paper proposes a skin modeling method considering SDCPSM based on Non-Gaussian random field. Second, based on the skin model shapes, an improved boundary element method is adopted to solve LSD of nonideal planar mating surfaces, and the progressive contact method is adopted to obtain relative positioning deviation of mating surfaces. Finally, the case study is given to verify the proposed approach.

Findings

Through the case study, the results show that different SDCPSM have different influences on tolerance analysis, and LSD have nonnegligible and different influence on tolerance analysis considering different SDCPSM. In addition, the LSD have a greater influence on translational deviation along the z-axis than rotational deviation around the x- and y-axes.

Originality/value

The surface morphology with different spatial distribution characteristics leads to different contact behavior of planar mating surfaces, especially when considering the LSD of mating surfaces during the assembly process, which will have further influence on tolerance analysis. To address the above problem, this paper proposes a tolerance analysis method with skin modeling considering SDCPSM and LSD of mating surfaces, which can help to improve the accuracy of tolerance analysis.
Influence of cultural background on tourist flow process and outcomes: an empirical study with Chinese-speaking tourists in Japan
Authors: Pang Yunian , Li Yanghepu , Zhao Liang
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to fill a research gap on whether cultural background (Eastern or Western) influences tourist flow experiences and outcomes with Chinese-speaking tourists.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted flow-aware, guided cultural tours in Kyoto, Japan, from March 2019 to February 2020. Tourists visited the same spots on the same route with the same guide to avoid discrepancies stemming from experiencing different tours with different guides. Professional photoshoots were conducted to study the flow experience under high challenges. Participants were Chinese-speaking tourists worldwide. The guide spoke in Chinese to minimise language bias. Participants were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire within one week of the tours.

Findings

The authors received 191 valid responses. Those from the Eastern regions showed significantly lower flow states and outcomes than their counterparts from the Western regions under high challenges, whereas this phenomenon was not observed under low challenges. A positive correlation between the flow state and outcomes was observed in both regional groups.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to apply flow theory to guided cultural tours with Chinese-speaking tourists from different cultural backgrounds. It was found that those from the Eastern regions can have flow experience and good outcomes in guided tours, although they may require a lower level of challenge. A managerial implication is that cultural tours should be designed considering the balance between challenges and tourists’ cultural background to optimise their flow experiences and outcomes.
The role of community radio in information dissemination towards youth development in Ghana
Authors: Kankam Philip Kwaku , Attuh Stephen
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Community radio attempts to place the power of communication in the hands of community members, particularly the youth, so that they can create and broadcast materials that address local community issues. The purpose of the study is therefore to look into the potential impacts of community radio and the function it plays in youth development.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed a qualitative research approach to investigate the role of community radio in information dissemination towards youth development in Ghana. Two community radio stations were selected for the study, and through the use of semi-structured interview, qualitative data were collected from 42 participants comprising two programme managers, four radio producers and 36 youth. The qualitative research approach enabled in-depth understanding of the phenomenon of the study.

Findings

This study found that both community radio stations aired youth-centred programmes that were beneficial to the development of the youth within the stations’ coverage communities. The results further reveal that community radio offers the opportunity and platform for the youth to engage the political authorities for development and also entertain themselves.

Originality/value

The authors consider this study original both in conceptualization and design. The main question being interrogated stems from identified gaps in the literature, and this study intends to fill these knowledge gaps. This study’s originality also stems from the fact that there is a paucity of information on the subject of study in the context of Ghana.
Gender representation on the editorial boards of Library and Information Science journals
Authors: Parabhoi Lambodara , Verma Manoj Kumar , Dewey Rebecca Susan
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to determine the gender composition of journal editorial boards in the field of library and information science and to identify trends in the gender composition of different editorial roles and the country of affiliation and occupation of people fulfilling these roles.

Design/methodology/approach

In an analysis of 13 selected Library Information Science journals published by the Emerald Publishing group, data relating to 549 editors and editorial board members were obtained from the Open Editors online database. Data were assessed by role, gender, country and continent of their affiliation, and occupation.

Findings

Women were found to be under-represented as editors and editorial board members in 10 of the 13 journals. This was most evident in the highest-ranking role of editor or editor-in-chief. The majority of editors and editorial board members were from English-speaking countries located in Europe and the Americas, followed by Asia. The vast majority of editorial personnel belonged to the teaching and learning profession, with relatively few support staff, or researchers taking on these roles.

Originality/value

The findings of this study highlight the gender inequality in prestigious and career-advancing academic roles across multiple research areas. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no such research has yet been conducted in the field of library and information science.
Are people the greatest asset: talent management in SME hotels in Nigeria during the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Howe-Walsh Liza , Kirk Susan , Oruh Emeka
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to evaluate the approaches to talent management (TM) in small- to medium-sized enterprise (SME) hotels in Nigeria during the COVID-19 crisis drawing on the resource-based view (RBV) of Strategy.

Design/methodology/approach

An interpretivist methodology was adopted, and 42 semi-structured interviews were undertaken with SME hotel owners, self-initiated expatriate (SIE) talent and local workers in Nigerian hotels. A thematic approach to analysis was undertaken to identify key themes.

Findings

The findings highlight how SME hotel owners’ reactive and short-term approaches to TM have created problems during the pandemic as they are unable to rely on acquiring SIE talent to fill key skills gaps. Furthermore, failure to capitalise on the expertise and networks of their current SIEs has resulted in a lack of knowledge sharing with other local employees. This results in TM strategies that do not offer differentiated approaches that balance talent flows to achieve competitive advantage.

Practical implications

SME hotel leaders should adopt a more equitable approach to TM that values all workers rather than exclusively focusing on SIEs. Employment contracts should ensure that SIEs are responsible for training and developing local workers as part of a networking approach to RBV.

Originality/value

This novel study focused on TM within SME hotels in a Nigerian context during COVID-19. The findings show how SME senior leaders value SIE talent above local workers and pursue a TM strategy that perpetuates the status quo. The COVID-19 crisis has acted as a catalyst for leaders to recognise the value of local talent and consider a more sustainable approach to TM.
Dynamic capabilities for digital procurement transformation: a systematic literature review
Authors: Herold Silke , Heller Jonas , Rozemeijer Frank , Mahr Dominik
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to achieve a collective understanding of the capabilities required for digital procurement transformation (DPT).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors contextualize theory about dynamic capabilities (DCs) to integrate the fragmented body of literature on procurement digitalization by means of a systematic literature review (SLR). By extracting and clustering capabilities, as well as proven performance outcomes from existing literature in the field, the authors develop a conceptual model of the DCs required for DPT.

Findings

The authors first introduce and define DPT and the corresponding motivations that trigger firms to invest in advanced digital technologies. Second, by adopting the DC lens, the authors provide an overview of nine microfoundations required for DPT and highlight the strategic options procurement leaders can use when strategizing about adopting combinations of digital technologies. Third, the authors present a future research agenda on DCs for DPT.

Research limitations/implications

The developed conceptual model must be verified and enhanced through further empirical research.

Practical implications

The conceptual model can be used by procurement leaders as a starting point and framework when strategizing about digitally transforming the procurement organization.

Originality/value

The study is the first to synthesize previous research findings on procurement digitalization through an SLR in order to develop a fine-grained conceptual model that supports practitioners and researchers alike in better understanding the capabilities required for and potential performance outcomes of DPT.
Brazilian federal universities and their sustainable practices based on sustainable logistics management plan
Authors: Moura-Leite Rosamaria Cox , Lopes José Carlos de Jesus , Yamazaki Carolina
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the situation of Federal Universities (FUs) regarding compliance with the Sustainable Logistics Management Plan (PLS) Normative Instruction (NI) 10/2012, the adoption of which is compulsory for all agencies and entities of direct, autarchic and foundational public administration and dependent state-owned enterprises, including FUs. PLS is an instrument intended to establish sustainability practices in the management of public organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected through searches on the websites of the 68 Brazilian FUs that constitute the study population, along with their plans of action (PAs) and monitoring reports.

Findings

The collected data revealed that only 25% of the FUs had a current PA and 15% published a report for the years 2020 or 2021. Furthermore, the most commonly found mandatory issue to be addressed in PAs was electricity, and the least frequent was sustainable procurement and contracting.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should be conducted with the Management Committee of the PLS to understand the reason for the discontinuity of this work in some universities and the rationale behind the mandatory issues.

Originality/value

Some studies address FUs’ implementation of PLS, which promotes sustainable management systems. However, each of the identified studies investigated only one of the seven mandatory issues set down in NI 10/2012, which did not allow a complete assessment of the FUs’ situation exclusively in respect of compliance with the PLS.
The impact of financial management practices on accountability of Islamic social enterprise (ISE)
Authors: Kamaruddin Muhammad Iqmal Hisham , Auzair Sofiah Md.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the role of financial management practices, which consist of financial disclosure, internal control, financial planning and budgeting and financial performance on Islamic social enterprises’ (ISEs) accountability.

Design/methodology/approach

Questionnaires were administered to financial officers of 102 Malaysian ISEs. Findings were analysed using Smart-PLS to examine the relationships between financial management practices and accountability.

Findings

Results of this study indicate a direct relationship exists between internal control and accountability. Relationships between other financial management practices and accountability are indirect through internal control. Hence, the data demonstrates that internal control has a mediating role on other financial management practices, which are financial disclosure and financial performance management with the accountability of ISEs.

Research limitations/implications

This study has implicated the significant role of financial management practices in ISEs in the pursuance of their accountability especially internal control to achieve public trust.

Practical implications

Appropriate financial management practices, especially internal control, are essential for the ISEs to achieve good accountability.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the field of management and social accounting by providing empirical evidence on ISE practices specifically on financial management practices and accountability. This framework thus presents among the early attempts in studying accountability issues in ISEs.
Reevaluating the mission of control in records management: tools for a staff-centered approach
Authors: Chandler Kate
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to suggest that a user-centered approach to records management may result in more sustainable, intuitive and defensible records management programs compared to alternatives.

Design/methodology/approach

A two-part methodology is adopted: part one explores the literature for records management programs that impose a high degree of control over records at cost to users, and part two explores the author’s experience of developing tools that facilitate a user-centred approach.

Findings

To adopt a user-centred approach to records management requires reassessing the degree of control that should be imposed over records.

Originality/value

This paper provides an original analysis of the field of records management through the lens of usability, as well as original solutions in the form of technology that supports usability.
Functional traits of a plant species fingerprint ecosystem productivity along broad elevational gradients in the Himalayas
Authors: Sigdel Shalik Ram , Liang Eryuan , Rokaya Maan Bahadur , Rai Samresh , Dyola Nita , Sun Jian , Zhang Lin , Zhu Haifeng , Chettri Nakul , Chaudhary Ram Prasad , Camarero J. Julio , Peñuelas Josep
Published: November 2022

It is a challenge to scale‐up from simplified proxies to ecosystem functioning since the inherent complexity of natural ecosystems hinders such an approach. One way to address this complexity is to track ecosystem processes through the lens of plant functional traits. Elevational gradients with diverse biotic and abiotic conditions offer ideal settings for inferring functional trait responses to environmental gradients globally. However, most studies have focused on differences in mean trait values among species, and little is known on how intraspecific traits vary along wide elevational gradients and how this variability reflects ecosystem productivity.

We measured functional traits of the sub‐shrub Koenigia mollis (Basionym: Polygonum molle; a widespread species) in 11 populations along a wide elevational gradient (1515–4216 m) considering from subtropical forest to alpine treeline in the central Himalayas. After measuring different traits (plant height, specific leaf area, leaf area, length of flowering branches, leaf carbon isotope (δ13C), leaf carbon and leaf nitrogen concentrations), we investigated drivers on changes of these traits and also characterized their relationships with elevation, climate and ecosystem productivity.

All trait values decreased with increasing elevation, except for δ13C that increased upwards. Likewise, most traits showed strong positive relationships with potential evapotranspiration, while δ13C exhibited a negative relationship. In this context, elevation‐dependent water–energy dynamics is the primary driver of trait variations. Furthermore, six key traits (plant height, length of flowering branch, specific leaf area, leaf carbon, leaf nitrogen and leaf δ13C) explained 90.45% of the variance in ecosystem productivity.

Our study evidences how elevation‐dependent climate variations affect ecosystem processes and functions. Intraspecific variability in leaf functional traits is strongly driven by changes in water–energy dynamics, and reflects changes in ecosystem productivity over elevation. K. mollis, with one of the widest elevational gradients known to date, could be a model species to infer functional trait responses to environmental gradients globally. As inferred from K. mollis, the water–energy dynamics can be a hydrothermal variable to understand the formation of vegetation boundaries, such as alpine treeline. This study sheds new insight on how plants modify their basic ecological strategies to cope with changing environments.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
More grazing, more damage? Assessed yield loss on agricultural grassland relates nonlinearly to goose grazing pressure
Authors: Buitendijk Nelleke H. , de Jager Monique , Hornman Menno , Kruckenberg Helmut , Kölzsch Andrea , Moonen Sander , Nolet Bart A.
Published: November 2022

In recent decades, conflict between geese and agriculture has increased. Management practices to limit this conflict include concentrating geese in protected areas, derogation shooting or population reduction. To justify such management, we need to understand their effects on goose‐related damages, which requires an understanding of how yield loss is influenced by goose abundance and species interactions.

We combined data from monthly goose counts and GPS‐tracked geese to estimate grazing pressures by barnacle, white‐fronted and greylag geese on agricultural grassland in Fryslân, the Netherlands. Using linear mixed models, we related this to damages assessed by professional inspectors.

Our results show a positive nonlinear relationship between yield loss and barnacle goose grazing pressure, where assessed damage increases with a decelerating rate as grazing pressure increases. For white‐fronted geese, we find a negative relationship, while for greylag geese both positive and negative relationships occur. For each species, the relationship is influenced by the abundance of the other two.

For barnacle geese, the relationship can be explained by selection of fields offering the best balance between food intake and energy expenditure, and by grass regrowth, with highest grazing pressures occurring over a longer time period. The results for the other species are likely due to spatial and temporal differences in foraging preferences compared to barnacle geese, where larger species avoid areas with highest damages.

Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that decreasing herbivore abundance may not translate directly to decreased yield loss, and management tools such as population reduction or derogation shooting should be used with care. Management aimed at concentrating geese in refuges could help to alleviate farmer–goose conflict, although further studies are required to determine if it would lead to damage reduction. We also find that not all species contribute equally to agricultural damage; care should be taken to ensure wildlife management targets the right species.
Sex differences among patients presenting to hospital with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and shockable rhythm
Authors: Ho Felicia CS , Zheng Wayne C , Noaman Samer , Batchelor Riley J , Wexler Noah , Hanson Laura , Bloom Jason E , Al‐Mukhtar Omar , Haji Kawa , D'Elia Nicholas , Kaye David , Shaw James , Yang Yang , French Craig , Stub Dion , Cox Nicholas , Chan William
Published: November 2022

Objective

Sex differences in patients presenting with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and shockable rhythm might be associated with disparities in clinical outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study and compared characteristics and short‐term outcomes between male and female adult patients who presented with OHCA and shockable rhythm at two large metropolitan health services in Melbourne, Australia between the period of 2014–2018. Logistic regression was used to assess the effect of sex on clinical outcomes.

Results

Of 212 patients, 166 (78%) were males and 46 (22%) were females. Both males and females presented with similar rates of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (44% vs 36%, P = 0.29), although males were more likely to have a history of coronary artery disease (32% vs 13%) and a final diagnosis of a cardiac cause for their OHCA (89% vs 72%), both P = 0.01. Rates of coronary angiography (81% vs 71%, P = 0.23) and percutaneous coronary intervention (51% vs 42%, P = 0.37) were comparable among males and females. No differences in rates of in‐hospital mortality (38% vs 37%, P = 0.90) and 30‐day major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (composite of all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization and nonfatal stroke) (39% vs 41%, P = 0.79) were observed between males and females, respectively. Female sex was not associated with worse in‐hospital mortality when adjusted for other variables (odds ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.28–1.60, P = 0.36).

Conclusion

Among patients presenting with OHCA and a shockable rhythm, baseline sex and sex differences were not associated with disparities in short‐term outcomes in contemporary systems of care.
EVESTA: EmergencyVESTibularAlgorithm and its impact on the acute management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Neely Prue , Patel Hemal , McTaggart John , Bright Stephen , Wellings Tom
Published: November 2022

Objective

To synthesise evidence‐based research concerning the assessment and management of acute dizziness via construction of a comprehensive clinical algorithm. Assess its clinical impact with an aim to improve the acute management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) within Wyong Public Hospital ED in four key recommendations.

Method

Current best practice models of care were synthesised into a single clinical, district‐based peer‐reviewed algorithm by a specialist focus group. An observational pre‐ and post‐implementation study was completed to assess the impact of the algorithm on the management of BPPV. A total of 162 notes (pre [control]n = 87 and post [intervention]n = 75) met the inclusion criteria. Adherence to the BPPV clinical practice guidelines statements 1a, 3a, 4a and 6 were analysed for statistical difference in practice between the two groups.

Results

Following implementation of the Emergency VESTibular Algorithm (EVESTA), compliance showed a significant improvement in Hallpike–Dix performed by 27% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14–40%; defects pre‐intervention 40%: post‐intervention 13%) (P < 0.001), utilisation of neuroimaging reduced by 16% (95% CI 2–30%; 40%: 24%) (P < 0.05), repositioning techniques performed increased by 33% (95% CI 18–48%; 68%: 36%) (P < 0.001). Administration of vestibular suppressant medication reduced by 30% (95% CI 15–45%; 59%: 29%) (P < 0.001). An interrupted time series analysis confirmed significant change in BPPV admissions post‐project −4.23% (95% CI −7.20, −1.27%) (P = 0.041).

Conclusion

Diagnosis and management of acute dizziness is challenging within the ED. Synthesis of best practice into a clinical algorithm has improved the diagnosis and evidence‐based treatment of BPPV. There is continued opportunity to improve the efficiency and effectiveness in the management of both central and peripheral acute dizziness within the ED.
Combinatorial biosynthesis yields novel hybrid argimycin P alkaloids with diverse scaffolds in Streptomyces argillaceus
Authors: Ye Suhui , Ballin Giovanni , Pérez‐Victoria Ignacio , Braña Alfredo F. , Martín Jesús , Reyes Fernando , Salas José A. , Méndez Carmen
Published: November 2022

Coelimycin P1 and argimycins P are two types of polyketide alkaloids produced by Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces argillaceus, respectively. Their biosynthesis pathways share some early steps that render very similar aminated polyketide chains, diverging the pathways afterwards. By expressing the putative isomerase cpkE and/or the putative epoxidase/dehydrogenase cpkD from the coelimycin P1 gene cluster into S. argillaceus wild type and in argimycin mutant strains, five novel hybrid argimycins were generated. Chemical characterization of those compounds revealed that four of them show unprecedented scaffolds (quinolizidine and pyranopyridine) never found before in the argimycin family of compounds. One of these compounds (argimycin DM104) shows improved antibiotic activity. Noticeable, biosynthesis of these quinolizidine argimycins results from a hybrid pathway created by combining enzymes from two different pathways, which utilizes an aminated polyketide chain as precursor instead of lysine as it occurs for other quinolizidines.
Physician workload and treatment choice: the case of primary care
Authors: Shurtz Ity , Eizenberg Alon , Alkalay Adi , Lahad Amnon
Published: November 2022

Primary care is a notable example of a service industry where capacity‐constrained suppliers face fluctuating demand levels. To meet this challenge, physicians trade off their time with patients with other inputs such as lab tests and referrals. We study this tradeoff using administrative data from a large Israeli HMO where the absence of colleagues generates exogenous variation in physician workload. We motivate and estimate a range of specifications, from a classic exclusion restriction within a linear model to non‐parametric, partially identified models. The results suggest that diagnostic inputs are unlikely to properly compensate for a decline in time spent with patients.
Extracapsular cataract extraction in Europe prior to Jacques Daviel
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej , Claoué Charles , Schwartz Stephen G.
Published: November 2022

The first successful planned extracapsular cataract extraction was reported by Jacques Daviel in 1752. The history of European cataract surgery in the first half of the 18th century, immediately preceding Daviel's report, contains interesting information that explains the foundations of this accomplishment. Daviel himself credited the prior work of Francois Pourfour du Petit. Other important advances were reported by Michel Brisseau, Antoine Maitre‐Jan, Jean Méry and others. A critical insight during this time period was the realization that the cataract was, in fact, the opacified crystalline lens, rather than a membrane or opacity located anterior to the lens.
Reflecting on physical activity across 2 years of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Predictors of intention‐behavior profiles
Authors: Rhodes Ryan E. , Sui Wuyou , Nuss Kayla , Liu Sam
Published: November 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic has affected how many people engage in regular moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). The purpose of this study was to predict current and dynamic (across 2 years of the pandemic) intention and MVPA profiles using the multi‐process action control (M‐PAC) framework. A representative sample of 977 English‐speaking Canadians (18 + years) completed measures of reflective (instrumental attitude, affective attitude, perceived capability, and opportunity), regulatory (planning and self‐monitoring), and reflexive (habit and identity) processes, intention, and MVPA. These measures included current assessments and reflections prior to the COVID‐19 restrictions. Three current intention‐behavior profiles (nonintenders, unsuccessful intenders, and successful intenders) and five dynamic intention‐MVPA by prepandemic MVPA profiles (consistent nonintenders, relapsed nonintenders, consistent unsuccessful intenders, relapsed unsuccessful intenders, and consistent successful intenders) emerged from these data, showing few increased MVPA across the pandemic. The current and dynamic profiles were subsequently predicted by changes in specific reflective, regulatory, and reflexive processes across the pandemic; however, only change in identity was the critical predictor of successful MVPA engagement in the dynamic 2‐year MVPA profiles. Collectively, the findings support the joint promotion of reflective, regulatory, and reflexive processes in the choice of behavior change techniques to promote postpandemic MVPA intention and behavior.
‘She didn't know how to go back’: School attendance problems in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic—A multiple stakeholder qualitative study with parents and professionals
Authors: McDonald Brontë , Lester Kathryn J. , Michelson Daniel
Published: November 2022

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in school closures worldwide and unexcused absences have increased since schools reopened.

Aims

Drawing on multiple stakeholders' perspectives, we aimed to (i) develop a detailed understanding of how school attendance problems (SAPs) have manifested for primary school‐aged children in the context of COVID‐19; and (ii) identify promising community‐based intervention strategies.

Methods

We used a qualitative design with two sequential phases of data collection. Phase 1 involved insight generation using qualitative surveys with parents and professionals working in primary education settings. These results were used to guide in‐depth stakeholder interviews in Phase 2.

Sample

Phase 1 included 29 parents of primary‐school children experiencing SAPs and 19 professionals. Phase 2 included 10 parents and 12 professionals. Parents were recruited through social media; professionals were identified through schools and associated networks in Southern England.

Results

Attendance was particularly challenging for children with special educational needs and pre‐existing anxiety problems. Compounding factors included COVID‐related anxiety, difficulties adapting to new school routines, poor home‐school communication and collaboration, and concerns about academic catch‐up. Effective support was characterized by schools and families working closely together. Recommendations for practice improvements centred on early intervention, re‐building parent‐school relationships, peer support for parents, and improving special educational provision.

Conclusion

New interventions for SAPs must be sensitive to the ongoing COVID‐19 context. Help should be easily accessible in the community and address modifiable risk and protective factors for individual children, in family systems, and at the home‐school interface.
Haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for TP53‐mutated acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Huang Ting , Xu Lanping , Zhang Xiaohui , Chang Yingjun , Mo Xiaodong , Sun Yuqian , Huang Xiaojun , Wang Yu
Published: November 2022

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients with tumour protein p53 (TP53) mutations are often resistant to chemotherapy and have worse clinical outcomes than patients without TP53 mutations. In this study, we compared clinical outcomes of patients with AML with and without TP53 mutations who underwent haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo‐HSCT). For the TP53‐mutation group and TP53 wild‐type group, the 2‐year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was (39.0% vs. 21.2% respectively, p = 0.088), the 2‐year non‐relapse mortality (NRM) rate was (3.2% vs. 8.4% respectively, p = 0.370), the 2‐year leukaemia‐free survival (LFS) was (57.7% vs. 71.3% respectively, p = 0.205), the 2‐year overall survival (OS) rate was (69.9% vs. 81.3% respectively, p = 0.317), the 100‐day cumulative incidence of Grade II–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) was (6.5% vs. 20.7% respectively, p = 0.074), the 2‐year cumulative incidence of chronic GvHD was (52.3% vs. 53.1% respectively, p = 0.493) and the 2‐year GvHD‐free/relapse‐free survival (GRFS) was (57.7% vs. 69.6% respectively, p = 0.347). Our data showed that there were no significant differences in 2‐year clinical outcomes between the two groups. Multivariable analysis showed TP53 mutations had no significant impact on CIR, NRM, OS, GvHD, LFS or GRFS. Our findings suggest that patients with AML with TP53 mutations may at least partially benefit from haplo‐HSCT. Haplo‐HSCT might be the recommended treatment for such patients.
Antibody status following booster vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in patients with haematologic malignancies
Authors: Ikeda Daisuke , Terao Toshiki , Fukumoto Ami , Uesugi Yuka , Tabata Rikako , Kuzume Ayumi , Tsushima Takafumi , Miura Daisuke , Narita Kentaro , Takeuchi Masami , Yamashita Takeshi , Takamatsu Hiroyuki , Matsue Kosei
Published: November 2022

Antibody titres in 462 patients with haematological malignancies after the second (D2) and third (D3) SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine were compared with those of healthy controls (HCs). Significant decay of antibody titre was observed pre D3, but titre surged post D3. The number of seronegative patients decreased from 79 (17.1%) to 44 (9.5%) from post D2 to post D3, and patients with adequate antibody titre increased from 204 (44.2%) to 358 (77.5%). Of the patients who received B‐cell‐targeted therapy, 80% were seronegative and 71% remained seronegative after D3. CD19+, CD4+, CD8+ cell counts, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were identified as independent predictors for adequate serologic response.