bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence Applications for Workplace Safety
Authors: Rybak Nikodem , Hassall Maureen
Published: August 2024

Workplace safety has been a field of research that increasingly draws attention of the artificial intelligence scientific community. Automations are important to detect and prevent various types of incidents, ranging from accident prevention, human error detection, manual process substitution by robots, continuous surveillance, harassment reporting, crime prevention, and others. After over a decade of ground-breaking advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), relevant applications can be deployed to serve workplace safety automation. A variety of techniques such as computer vision, natural language processing, machine learning, neural networks, robotics, explainable decision making, and interconnected intelligent devices can collaborate to build accurate, modern systems that can be applied in any working environment, targeting a variety of challenges. The predictive power of contemporary AI systems is able to reduce human effort regarding monitoring, reporting, and predicting future incidents, thus enhancing employees' safety and satisfaction at work.
An X-as-a-Service (XaaS) Reference Model for Smart Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Jiao Roger , Gong Xuejian , Song Mulang , Wang Shu , Helo Petri
Published: August 2024

Aligned with the service-oriented paradigm, this chapter introduces three X-as-a-service (XaaS) systems designed to elucidate the view mappings between decision agents in crowdsourced manufacturing. The chapter explores the key issues surrounding the development and implementation of a reference model for Industry 4.0-enabled XaaS systems. Focusing on three core components – manufacturing as a service, logistics as a service, and information as a service – the chapter delves into the multifaceted dynamics of open innovation, platform facilitation, and manufacturer collaboration within the XaaS framework. Through an analysis of collaborative workflows, decision support mechanisms, and value distribution strategies, the chapter highlights the intricate relationships among open innovators, platform brokers, and manufacturing agents in orchestrating the manufacturing crowdsourcing processes. The chapter presents a comprehensive examination of operational challenges, strategic imperatives, and future directions for leveraging XaaS systems in the context of crowdsourced manufacturing.
Conceptual Design of Multipurpose CNC Machine Tool
Authors: Baluguri Ashwini Kumar , Rao Seeram Srinivasa , Padhi Surya Narayan , Choudhury Mamata
Published: August 2024

Multipurpose CNC machine tools are increasingly in demand due to their ability to perform multiple machining operations in a single setup. In this chapter, the authors present a conceptual design of a multipurpose CNC machine tool that can perform milling, drilling, tapping, and turning operations. It focuses on the conceptual design and development of a multipurpose CNC machine tool for small and medium-sized manufacturing industries, with a special emphasis on precision machining, high precision operations, metal cutting operations, modular structure, and hybrid mechanisms. Various theories and methods were used to propose new conceptual designs for CNC machine tools that can perform multiple functions, enhance productivity, and reduce manufacturing costs. This chapter provides insights into the latest trends and advancements in the field of CNC machine tools and their potential applications in the manufacturing industry.
Elevating Energy
Authors: Rao Seeram Srinivasa , Padhi Surya Narayan , Baluguri Ashwini Kumar
Published: August 2024

This chapter focuses on analyzing the power generation mechanism utilizing rack and pinion systems, alongside exploring regenerator functionality through MATLAB Simulink. It involves documenting voltage-time plots and other relevant parameters. Additionally, the project encompasses the design and simulation of the mechanism using SolidWorks software. The goal of the project is to identify the most efficient mechanism design for implementing a power generation system utilizing rack and pinion systems. This involves a comprehensive analysis of the system's performance, including electrical output, regenerator functionality, and mechanical design considerations, using MATLAB Simulink and SolidWorks software.
Generative Design of Shelf Bracket for Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Jungare Kshitij Ambadas , Radha R.
Published: August 2024

Additive manufacturing has been recognized as an extremely flexible and versatile manufacturing process, allowing integrative structural designs that cannot be obtained by classical means of manufacturing. This chapter discusses the use of the generative design of a shelf bracket in domestic applications. The main objective of the optimization and design process is the reduction of the structural weight of the shelf bracket where distinct attention is essential to the selection of the additive manufacturing process of fused deposition modeling (FDM) which is a filament-based rapid manufacturing process.
Metaheuristic Optimization While Machining Ti6Al4V Using Yb-YAG Laser
Authors: Pain Pritam
Published: August 2024

Due to rapid industrial tech development, demand for advanced hard materials rises, prompting exploration of non-traditional machining like LASER welding. This research focuses on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, analyzing LASER power, welding speed, and focusing distance effects on crown width, fusion zone, and grain size. Artificial neural network models experimental data. Genetic algorithm optimizes multi-objective criteria. Grey relation analysis identifies optimal parametric combinations. Crown width and fusion zone increase with welding power but decrease with welding speed, with minimal impact from focusing distance.
Utilizing Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence Technology in Geriatric Care Microrobotics
Authors: Kavitha S. , Karthick L. , Prabu R. , Venkataramanan S. , Venkatesh R. Prasanna , Islam Atowar ul
Published: August 2024

Over the past two decades, multiple robot deployments aimed at assisting elderly individuals in their homes have been tested. However, most concepts remain in the prototype phase, yet to be implemented practically. This research aims to explore the field's evolution, identifying barriers hindering robots from becoming household helpers and focusing on physical policy, distribution logic, assessing their capabilities. Previous studies identified six key capabilities which are research, identity verification, wireless interaction, manipulation, digital situatedness, and healthcare robots into three types like aid, alleviation, and response, assessing their impact on operators' daily lives. Lack of advancement and miscommunication between robotic platforms and intervention design hinder healthcare efficacy, this research also addresses these issues by taking a holistic approach to robot project deployment in healthcare, considering physical policy and rationality. The method integrates robots' ability to detect geriatric characteristics for a comprehensive assessment.
Advanced Electronic Healthcare Application Using Mechanical Renewable Energy for Long-Term Population
Authors: Karthick L. , K. Senthil Kumar , Vadivukarasi L. , Hasan Dler Salih , Nagarajan L. , Aarthi R.
Published: August 2024

Renewable energy has grown rapidly in recent decades as a result of the environmental issues associated with utilizing fossil fuels and the limitations in the sources of these types of fuels. Systems using renewable energy may be used to produce clean energy in many different industries. The use of renewable energies in the medical and dentistry fields is examined in the current study. The literature assessment suggests that innovations based on renewable energy sources can be used to medical infrastructure and equipment. For instance, hospitals and other healthcare facilities may be heated and cooled using solar-based systems. Additionally, autoclaves as well as medical dryers can use solar thermal energy. Implementing renewable energy systems for such purposes would result in fewer carbon dioxide emissions, which promote sustainable development, even though it would likely need more complex buildings and higher investment costs.
Expert System for Generating Process Plans
Authors: Krishna G. R. Sanjay , Seeram Srinivasa Rao , Baluguri Ashwini Kumar , Padhi Surya Narayan
Published: August 2024

Automating the process of design generation is pivotal for enhancing efficiency and productivity in various industries. This study focuses on developing methodologies and algorithms to streamline the creation of designs through automation. By leveraging feature extraction databases and advanced computational techniques, the aim is to generate designs automatically based on specific requirements and input parameters. The process involves analyzing existing design data and extracting key features that serve as building blocks for generating new designs. Optimal design sequences are determined to minimize tool changes, reduce non-cutting time, and maximize productivity. Additionally, the selection of materials, cutting parameters, and tooling is automated to ensure the creation of high-quality designs tailored to the intended applications. The study explores various approaches for automating different aspects of the design process, including CAD/CAM integration, parametric modeling, and algorithmic design generation.
Transforming CNC Machining
Authors: Rao Seeram Srinivasa , Padhi Surya Narayan , Baluguri Ashwini Kumar , Choudhury Mamata
Published: August 2024

In the realm of computer numerical control (CNC) machining, efficiency and precision are paramount. This chapter presents a groundbreaking advancement in CNC technology: Automated NC Part Program Generation. Traditional CNC programming involves labour intensive manual coding, susceptible to errors and time-consuming iterations. However, this revolutionary approach automates the generation of NC part programs, drastically reducing human intervention while enhancing accuracy and speed. By leveraging cutting-edge algorithms and machine learning techniques, this innovation empowers manufacturers to streamline their production processes. With Automated NC Part Program Generation, complex geometries and intricate machining tasks are seamlessly translated into machine-readable instructions. Moreover, the system intelligently optimizes toolpaths, minimizing material waste and tool wear while maximizing throughput.
Synergies Between Science Communication and Science Diplomacy to Address Global Challenges
Authors: Pantović Branislav , Cumba Garcia Luz M. , Carabajal María Inés
Published: August 2024

This chapter explores the role of science communication in advancing science diplomacy in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. It examines communication initiatives and collaborative approaches among LAC institutions through science diplomacy amidst challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and global environmental change (GEC). Case studies featuring organizations such as the National Secretariat of Science, Technology, and Innovation from Panama (SENACYT), the Science Diplomacy Network in Latin America and the Caribbean (DiploCientifica), the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), Puerto Rico Science Policy Action Network (PRSPAN), and Ciencia Puerto Rico (CienciaPR) highlight their efforts in disseminating science, technology, and innovation (STI). These organizations serve as intermediaries, translating scientific insights for decision-makers and facilitating connections between scientists, diplomats, policymakers, and society. By analyzing the organizations' missions, visions, and contributions, the chapter aims to identify key factors for effective scientific communication in science diplomacy and essential skills.
Vaccine and Health Diplomacy in Latin America and the Caribbean in the Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Context
Authors: Perez Valerino Danev Ricardo
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic caused an important global change in political, financial, and health sectors to face the generated crisis. Therefore, new strategies have been developed, assumed, and implemented, with the support of governments and international organizations, on innovative capabilities that make it sustainable to invest in science to advance human development improvement of our nations. The objective of this chapter is to present in three different sections, before, during, and after the pandemic, a comprehensive overview of this topic in LATAM, which has generated close links among vaccine development and foreign policy strategies considering health and vaccine diplomacy as paramount branches included on science diplomacy actions in this region. Addressing the challenges and benefits of those strategies constitutes an element to be considered in foreign policy by governments interested in allocating efforts and resources into science, health, and sustainable development.
Does Gender Diversity on the Board Matter for ESG Performance?
Authors: Sasidharan Aghila , Thenmozhi M. , Nair Biju Ajithakumari Vijayappan , Chawla Sonam , Liu Jane S. C.
Published: August 2024

The importance of gender diversity on corporate boards has increased in recent years because of its potential impact on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) activities. This study investigates the link between gender diversity on corporate boards and the disclosure of ESG policies in Indian firms. Our study indicates a positive relationship between gender diversity and ESG performance. We used panel regression analysis on a sample of 250 companies that are publicly traded on India's National Stock Exchange (NSE). Companies that have a greater representation of women on their boards of directors are more likely to provide more extensive disclosures about ESG activities. There is a positive correlation between the involvement of female directors and the degree of transparency and comprehensiveness in ESG reporting. The presence of a diverse range of genders on boards can enhance the quality of disclosures by fostering a heightened emphasis on sustainability and ethical issues, as well as including a broader range of opinions.
Assessing the Performance of ESG Mutual Funds and Traditional Funds in Emerging Economies
Authors: Aparna A. S. , Moni M. , Sreeraj V. , Silpakrishnan M. P. , Vijayappan Nair Biju Ajithakumari
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the performance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) mutual funds compared to conventional funds in the Indian financial market. The objective is to determine if ESG funds can match or surpass the financial performance of traditional funds. The methodology includes evaluating performance using the Carhart Four-Factor Model, Jensen's Alpha, Treynor Ratio, and Sharpe Ratio. Additionally, entropy measures—Shannon Entropy, Rényi Entropy, and Approximate Entropy—are employed to assess the volatility and complexity of fund returns. Findings indicate that while conventional funds often deliver higher raw returns, ESG funds excel in risk-adjusted performance, evidenced by higher Alpha and more favourable Treynor and Sharpe Ratios. Entropy analysis reveals that ESG funds exhibit higher volatility and complexity, as elevated Shannon, Rényi, and Approximate Entropy values indicate greater potential for significant returns and increased risk.
Judging Sustainability in Startups in Pakistan
Authors: Razzaq Faryal , Ashfaq Sana , Muschert Glenn , Ashfaq Muhammad Bin
Published: August 2024

Startups success is detrimental to foster economic growth of any country. what are the criteria that the winning pitches/startups have? Do the evaluators give sufficient weightage to the business process's environmental sustainability practices and social aspects? We interviewed 13 most influential players in the Pakistani startup ecosystem engaged in the selection process. This is a qualitative study with constructivist grounded theory approach using thematic analysis. We found only 10% startup in Pakistani Eco-system are working on social and environment, and the judging criteria is also 0-10% only social and environment incubators use 20-40%. Developing countries could benefit from the findings and themes identified. The research will be significant for the policy makers, training for the startup evaluators and setting more robust criteria incorporating ESG frameworks for selection and funding. Study reveal the mindset that prevails among the decision makers selecting startups, as they have a trickledown effect for focusing on sustainability.
Relationship Between Digitalization and Environmental Sustainability in Selected Countries
Authors: Singh Ajay Kumar , Kumar Sanjeev , Gupta Meenakshi
Published: August 2024

This chapter aims to observe inter-casual relationship between digitalization and environmental sustainability (ES) in 34 countries during 2000 – 2021. Log-linear regression equations and ARDL models are formulated to detect the association of ES with digitalization. Information and communication technology index and environmental sustainability index are included as useful indicators for digitalization and ES, respectively, in the mentioned models. Foreign direct investment (FDI), employment, R&D expenditure, inflation, environmental technology, per capita GDP, cereal yield, manufacturing value added, merchandise trade, etc. are included as control variables in the regression model. This study found that manufacturing value added, economic development, inflation, cereal yield, employment opportunities, and environmental technology showed a positive impact on environmental sustainability (ES) and digitalization. ES is projected to be diminished due to increase in manufacturing value added, FDI, and cereal yield.
The Circular Economy
Authors: Shukla Shubhendu Shekher , Jain Manish , Jain Alka , Bajpai Saurabh , Kumar Mishra Ashutosh , Pramanik Sabyasachi
Published: August 2024

The notion of a circular economy has gained traction as a substitute for the antiquated linear model, especially in emerging nations like India. This chapter examines the challenges, possibilities, legislative frameworks, technological advancements, socioeconomic effects, and future prospects of establishing a circular economy in India. By dissecting these elements, the chapter seeks to provide a thorough explanation of how the circular economy may have a significant influence on India's future. India's population and economy are growing quickly, which has led to a rise in waste production and resource consumption. The “take-make-dispose” approach, which is another name for the conventional linear economic model, has been a major factor in promoting this trend. Resources are depleted and the ecosystem is harmed when they are extracted, utilized to manufacture goods, and then discarded as trash. Given India's unique limits and the global push for sustainable development, the linear economic model is no longer feasible.
Eco-Metaverse Bridge
Authors: Bala Madhu , Bhardwaj Bhawana , Sharma Dipanker
Published: August 2024

The metaverse is the contemporary catchword that has been sparked due to its potential to capture the imagination of human minds, eliciting their excitement and confusion in an almost equal manner. Metaverse is a world where people can live their imaginations as reality. It is considered as a new era of human conversations and mutual endeavors where time is measured in terms of experiences and where every pixel depicts a story, and every avatar has a tale to narrate. The metaverse being a versatile phenomenon with a wide range of benefits in education, business, medicine, and entertainment. This study seeks to explicate the meaning of the metaverse and its application. The authors contribute to the body of knowledge by exploring the green transition through the metaverse. This study also provides the advantages of ensuring the sustainability through metaverse education.
Land Degradation and Desertification
Authors: Ali Fatma Faraj , Buhedma Ahmed Salem , Nouh Tariq Abdulrahman
Published: August 2024

This chapter addressed the phenomenon of land degradation, identified its causes, and pointed out the importance of addressing sustainable development in order to address the priority challenges of desertification, drought, preventing and mitigating land degradation, deforestation, climate change, as well as rural and urban land use and growth. Urbanization by promoting policies and practices related to sustainable land management and improving ecosystems to achieve a world free of land degradation. These practices include: agroforestry, cover crops, sustainable grazing and pastures, integrated land planning, monocultures, and avoiding excessive withdrawal of limited water resources. This chapter discusses scientifically based, sound and socially inclusive methods and indicators for monitoring and assessing the extent of desertification, land degradation, and drought. She also referred to methods for assessing land degradation through a better understanding of its causes, impact and degree, and familiarity with climate, soil, water, land cover, and social and economic factors.
Sustainable Agriculture Is a Way to Increase Wheat Production
Authors: Hussain Wasan Salih , Mohammad Abdullah K.
Published: August 2024

Wheat is one of the most important crops, which humanity depends on for nutrition and daily needs as a source of food. It was necessary to find solutions to increase the production of the wheat crop, and due to the lack of cultivated areas in the world due to the lack of rain and the spread of desertification and drought in the world, sustainable agriculture with all its means was one of the most appropriate. Solutions to increase production and reduce pollution. This chapter includes a definition of sustainable agriculture and the most important means used in agriculture to increase production, as well as a definition of wheat and its economic importance.
Homomorphic Encryption in Smart City Applications for Balancing Privacy and Utility
Authors: Kumar Sudhakar , Singh Sunil K. , Gupta Brij B. , Psannis Konstantinos , Wu Jinsong
Published: August 2024

Homomorphic encryption is like a secret code that allows us to do calculations on private information without actually seeing the details. This is super important for keeping things private while still getting useful insights. This chapter discusses how homomorphic encryption can be implemented into smart city infrastructure. Furthermore, the research investigates the potential of homomorphic encryption and blockchain technology integration to make smart cities even more secure. This chapter explores the impact of homomorphic encryption on privacy in smart cities. It examines the legal and technological factors at play, considering how regulations can both help and hinder the use of this technology. Ultimately, it argues that homomorphic encryption is key to balancing privacy and utility, essential for the success of smart city initiatives.
Empowering Secure Communication With Specific Triangular Matrices
Authors: Özer Özen Özer , Subasi Nadir
Published: August 2024

In the fast-evolving realm of digital interaction and information sharing, cryptographic security serves as a fundamental pillar, safeguarding sensitive data and ensuring privacy. Cryptographic protocols, the fundamental elements of secure communication, rely on mathematical principles and computational strategies to foil attempts at breaching confidentiality and integrity. Within this domain, the upper triangular matrix has emerged as a significant mathematical concept. In this paper, an upper triangular matrix is used with Hill Chipher, logic map, and encryption/ decryption algorithms written in python programming language for cryptography. The mapping is done in a dictionary consisting of only writable characters of ASCII values and Turkish characters. Thus, both the Turkish character sensitivity and the character limit are extended with the string data type. Additionally, to these cryptographic methods, another different crypto approximation named as Hash function is considered; phyton codes prepared for the example, too.
Utilization of Blockchain Technology to Manage Human Resources Data
Authors: Yati Paryati Paryati , Walawalkar Ankita
Published: August 2024

Blockchain is a transaction platform that makes use of the immutability qualities of immutable data records. Because of the dispersed nature of this technology, it has a broad variety of applications in numerous industries. Seeing the potential of this new technology, the authors picked the sector of HRM since this data must be kept private and secret while still having great research value. This research presents a unique blockchain-based encryption method for establishing a HRM data method that decreases the danger of HRM data integrity. The data is authenticated using smart contracts, and data is encrypted using the proposed Improved Identity-based blowfish encryption algorithm (IIBEA) with particle swarm optimization (PSO). New blocks are verified using the proof of work (PoW) consensus process. The suggested model's metrics are examined and compared to traditional encryption approaches. This model solves the lack of difference in the authenticity of HRM information, as well as give real and effective information to the HRM of organizational companies.
Cryptographic Protocols for Internet of Things (IoT) Security Lightweight Schemes and Practical Deployment
Authors: Alauthman Mohammad , Aldweesh Amjad , Al-Qerem Ahmad , Al Maqousi Ali Younis , Almomani Ammar , Alkasassbeh Mouhammd
Published: August 2024

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has revolutionized many industries and daily life, however these resource-constrained devices also present significant cybersecurity challenges. Traditional cryptographic protocols are often too resource intensive for IoT use cases. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of lightweight cryptographic schemes tailored for IoT security, including authentication, data integrity and confidentiality protocols leveraging lightweight hash functions and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). Practical deployment considerations, threat modeling, and security analysis methodologies for IoT systems are also discussed. Finally, research gaps and future directions are highlighted to guide continued innovation of efficient and secure cryptographic solutions enabling the ongoing growth of the IoT ecosystem.
Fostering Entrepreneurial Mindsets and Nurturing Tomorrow's Innovators
Authors: Yadav Seema
Published: August 2024

This chapter explores the significance of entrepreneurship education (EE) in driving economic development, fostering innovation, and addressing societal challenges, particularly in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It highlights the multifaceted nature of EE, which equips individuals with the skills, mindset, and resilience necessary for entrepreneurial success. The chapter discusses the evolution of EE and its integration into higher education curricula worldwide, emphasizing the need for integrative and holistic approaches to address emerging challenges such as climate change and technological advancements. Despite obstacles like disparities in resources and perceptions, EE holds immense potential to empower individuals as innovators, problem-solvers, and changemakers. By embracing new pedagogical strategies and creating supportive ecosystems, stakeholders can harness the transformative power of EE to drive positive socioeconomic development and foster innovation on a global scale.
The Role of Education in Fostering Entrepreneurial Mindset
Authors: Virk Nirmaljeet , Gambhir Jitin
Published: August 2024

In today's rapidly evolving economy, the cultivation of an entrepreneurial mindset is crucial for individuals to thrive and for society to innovate and adapt to change. However, there is a notable lack of entrepreneurial mindset among students, which has significant implications for their future success and the broader economy. This chapter aims to explore the role of education in fostering an entrepreneurial mindset among students. It begins by highlighting the importance of an entrepreneurial mindset for individuals and society. Next, it defines key characteristics such as creativity, resilience, and risk-taking. The third section examines how education can cultivate this mindset through curriculum design, experiential learning, and mentorship. Integration of entrepreneurship education across disciplines and levels is also discussed. Challenges and opportunities are addressed, followed by case studies showcasing successful programs and lessons for scaling. The conclusion summarizes findings and suggests recommendations in this area for the benefit of future education and the economy.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Leadership and Social Responsibility
Authors: Cancela Beatriz Lopes , Coelho Arnaldo , Neves Maria Elisabete
Published: August 2024

The corporate social responsibility literature is increasingly focusing on the leadership aspects of the field. However, the investigation of how leadership influences social responsibility development is fragmented and limited. Thus, the objectives of this research are to develop a framework for the hypothesized relationships between leadership and social responsibility, to identify the main areas and current dynamics of leadership in social responsibility, and to identify potential avenues for future research on the relationship between leadership and CSR development. To address this objective, a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, supplemented by a bibliometric analysis. This chapter contributes to different results and perspectives, namely helping academics, managers, and society understand the past literature and sheds light on future directions.
Strategic Role of Alumni Associations of Kazakhstan Higher Educational Institutions in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Jumasseitova Assel Kenesovna , Potluri Rajasekhara Mouly , Smolyakova Ekaterina
Published: August 2024

The research aims to comprehend the strategic role of alumni associations of Kazakhstan's higher educational institutions in achieving environmental, social, and governance (ESG) sustainability initiatives. The study administered quantitative and qualitative techniques and collected the 310 respondents' opinions with the support of the questionnaire only after checking the reliability and validity using McDonald Omega and Bartlett's test of sphericity. The collected data was summarized, coded, and decoded using Microsoft Excel and R Language R Studio. The six selected hypotheses were tested by administering Cochran's Q test, and the qualitative data was analyzed using the concordance coefficient formula. The significant findings are that 88 percent of people and 83 percent of companies in Kazakhstan strictly follow environmental, social, and governance-related actions and activities. The qualitative research also proved a confident and significant positive orientation among the alumni associations on achieving sustainable development goals.
Exploring Language Teachers' Perceptions of Corpus Literacy Skills at Pre-Tertiary Level
Authors: Alruwaili Awatif Katib
Published: August 2024

This study proposes five components of corpus literacy skills (CL) based on a survey of previous studies to investigate in-service teachers' perceived CL skills. Subsequently, the relationships among these components will be explored. In addition, this study investigates whether age and teaching experience have an effect on perceived CL skills. Finally, this study reports on the in-service teacher's point of view of having CL skills, as well as their limitations. A total of 105 female teachers self-reported their proficiency levels in CL skills as moderate to satisfactory. They were more confident in the fifth component, which was creating teaching materials using corpora output. We hypothesised that teachers' CL skills were linked to age and experience, in which the fifth component correlated negatively with teachers' ages and teaching experiences. In addition, this study sheds light on the importance of the search component of CL skills, as it is a fundamental skill that influences the acquisition of other skills.
Optimizing Cancer Patient Classification Forecasting With Bayesian Pattern Recognition
Authors: Tansitpong Praowpan
Published: August 2024

This research examines patterns in cancer treatment by analyzing electronic medical record (EMR) data, with the goal of optimizing healthcare provision and improving patient outcomes. The study aims to apply Bayesian prediction models and regression analysis to determine the posterior probability of comorbidities and forecast patient arrivals. The implemented algorithms allow for the customization of treatment techniques, resulting in enhanced effectiveness of therapy and improved decision-making in healthcare delivery. Utilizing Bayesian approaches to analyze EMR data provides insights into the intricacies of cancer treatment and related expenses. The application of this study could be useful to enhance healthcare information systems and informatics by using data-driven insights to improve cancer care practices and operational efficiency in hospital settings.
The Construction of an English Network Course Based on the Theory of Hybrid Real-Time Synchronization Algorithm
Authors: Wang Mingqing , Xie Kui
Published: August 2024

At present, the construction of online courses is an important content in the process of educational informatization. At present, there are two problems in the construction of online courses: from the teaching point of view, the design of teaching activities and teaching processes in online courses is not enough, and the teaching effect is not good. Technically, the development of most courses is basically one-off and cannot be updated quickly. Due to the small scale, limited access and strong pertinence of SPOC, it has obvious advantages to implement the online and offline mixed teaching mode of college English based on SPOC in college English teaching. This paper mainly studies the research and analysis of English online courses based on the hybrid real-time synchronization algorithm. This paper combines OFDM synchronization algorithm with SPOC hybrid algorithm teaching to analyze and study it. According to the research, the influence of English online teaching course is very great, and the effect is more obvious than that of traditional teaching.
Podosome Nucleation Is Facilitated by Multivalent Interactions between Syk and ITAM-containing Membrane Complexes
Authors: Ghasempour Sina , Muise Aleixo M , Freeman Spencer A
Published: August 2024

Immune cells survey their microenvironment by forming dynamic cellular protrusions that enable chemotaxis, contacts with other cells, and phagocytosis. Podosomes are a unique type of protrusion structured by an adhesive ring of active integrins that surround an F-actin–rich core harboring degradative proteases. Although the features of podosomes, once-established, have been well defined, the steps that lead to podosome formation remain poorly understood by comparison. In this study, we report that spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a critical regulator of podosome formation. Deletion of Syk or targeting its kinase activity eliminated the ability for murine macrophages to form podosomes. We found that the kinase activity of Syk was important for the phosphorylation of its substrates, HS1 and Pyk2, both of which regulate podosome formation. Additionally, before podosomes form, we report that the tandem Src homology 2 domains of Syk afforded multivalent clustering of ITAM-containing adaptors that associated with integrins to structure platforms that initiate podosomes. We therefore propose that Syk has a dual role in regulating podosomes: first, by facilitating the assembly of multivalent signaling hubs that nucleate their formation and second, by sustaining tyrosine kinase activity of the podosomes once they form against their substrates. In cells expressing recently identified gain-of-function variants of SYK, podosomes were dysregulated. These results implicate SYK in the (patho)physiological functions of podosomes in macrophages.
Review of some Hystricosporites representatives from Bolivia
Authors: Quetglas Marcela A. , Macluf C. Cecilia , di Pasquo Mercedes
Published: August 2024

A taxonomic study of megaspores with bifurcate-tipped processes from the Devonian–Carboniferous transition of Bolivia was performed. Megaspore specimens were isolated from palynological samples of the Pando X1 and Manuripi X1 boreholes. Their morphological characteristics and wall structures were described and illustrated with transmitted optical light, ultraviolet fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. This megaspore assemblage comprised six fossil species of Hystricosporites (H. costatus, H. delectabilis, H. elongatus, H. expandus, H. furcatus and H. spiralis). The morphologic features of their sporoderms confirm that these megaspores with bifurcate-tipped processes could have had a botanical affinity related to lycopsids. Additional future studies of wall ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy will provide more information about their phylogenetic relationships with fossil and extant lycopsids. Keywords: megaspores, lycopsids, Carboniferous, Devonian.
Retrieval of Broken Guidewire from the Hip Joint Protruding inside the Pelvic Cavity: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Prabhat Vinay , Kumar Kamlesh , Gaurav Kumar , Topno Rohit
Published: August 2024

Hardware breakage in the form of guide wire or drill bit is a devastating complication particularly if occurs around hip joint during cephalo-medullary nailing. It should be removed on urgent basis as it can migrate to the pelvic cavity and damages adjacent neuro-vascular bundle and visceral organ immediately as well joint arthritis later on. There are very few cases report available in the literature with retrieval techniques by using disc forceps, pituitary forceps, oversized reamers, arthrotomy with joint dislocation and through ilioinguinal approaches occasionally. We are presenting an interesting and rare case of broken guide wire inside hip joint protruding into the pelvic cavity which got retrieved through lower midline open laparotomy approach.
Diffusion-weighted Imaging: New Paradigm in Diagnosis of Early Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Arora Manali , Lakhera Devkant , Rawat Kanica , Thakker Vishal , Randhawa Lovepreet Singh , Patel Amisha , Agarwal Rachit , Azad Rajiv Kumar
Published: August 2024

Background:

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has come up as a newer diagnostic modality for the diagnosis of early functional changes in various organs including the pancreas. DWI has shown the ability of early and accurate diagnosis of inflammatory pathologies, before the appearance of morphological changes on imaging.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to study the diagnostic accuracy of DWI in the diagnosis of early acute interstitial pancreatitis.

Materials and Methods:

The present retrospective observational study was conducted at the department of radiodiagnosis of a tertiary teaching hospital for 1 year. Fifty patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas with clinical or laboratory diagnosis of early pancreatitis were included in the study. The diagnostic accuracy of DWI was analyzed on the basis of quantitative (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] values) evaluation in the diagnosis of early acute pancreatitis. Threshold values for ADC were derived for differentiation of inflamed versus normal pancreas. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) were obtained by drawing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results:

The mean ADC values in the patient group (0.882 × 10−3 mm2/s ± 0.102) were significantly lower than the control group (1.178 × 10−3 mm2/s ± 0.232) with P < 0.001. The ROC curve deciphered a cutoff value of 0.937 × 10−3 mm2/s with a sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 86%, PPV of 85.71%, and NPV of 84.31% for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis using quantitative ADC values.

Conclusion:

DWI can thus be a succinct modality for early diagnosis of pancreatitis with excellent diagnostic accuracy and superlative advantage of lack of contrast and radiation in comparison to computed tomography scan.
Effect of Stress on Sleep Quality among Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sayed Ahmed I. , Mobarki Sarah J. , Oberi Imtenan A. , Omar Yazan Z. , Moafa Sarah H. , Ayoub Raum A. , Ajeebi Yara , Hakami Faisal , Hakami Abdulrahman , Somaili Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

It has long been understood that sleep is a necessary therapeutic element of human physiology and is crucial for healthy functioning, mental health, and quality of life. Medical students frequently minimize their sleep and habits to cope with their workload and their stressful lives, which has a negative influence on both mental health and academic performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of stress and its effect on sleep quality among medical students (in both the preclinical and clinical years) at Jazan University in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional research design was applied in this study. The sample constituted medical students at Jazan University, Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered online survey was distributed actively to measure the variables of interest.

Results:

This study examined the sleep quality and psychological distress among 347 students. The findings revealed that a significant proportion of students experienced sleep difficulties, with 52.8% reporting mild sleep problems and 46.6% reporting moderate sleep difficulties. In addition, a notable percentage of participants (28.2%) reported very high psychological distress, while 27.4% experienced severe psychological distress.

Conclusions:

This study found that medical students had a high level of stress and poor sleep quality, which led to unhealthy habits, such as consuming many energy drinks. Hence, it is recommended that concerns should be addressed to minimize the risk of developing chronic illnesses.
Association of anxiety, depression and sleep quality with binge-watching behavior in college students – An observational study
Authors: Bandla Shailaja , Lella Srikanth , Kola Amulya , Parvathaneni Krishna Mohan , Rani Jhansi
Published: August 2024

Background:

Binge-watching is the habit of watching television or series for extended periods, often involving consecutive viewing of multiple episodes from the same series. This phenomenon is prevalent among adolescents and young adults, often likened to addiction due to its pervasive nature. It is intertwined with detrimental effects on physical health, mental well-being, social engagement, and academic performance. Neither the International Classification of Diseases, eleventh revision nor the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition have acknowledged binge-watching as a disorder.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to study the association of anxiety, depression, and sleep quality with binge-watching behavior in college students.

Methodology:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted on students belonging to medical, dental, engineering, and arts. Sociodemographic details were taken. Binge-watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were applied. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. The Chi-square test and analysis of variance were used.

Results:

In our study, which included 400 students from various academic specialities, 364 (91%) displayed binge-watching behavior. A significant association was found between binge-watching and measures of anxiety (BAI, P = 0.02), depression (BDI, P = 0.01), and sleep quality (PSQI, P = 0.03).

Conclusions:

A large proportion of students exhibited binge-watching behaviors. These findings highlight the importance of addressing binge-watching behaviors in promoting overall well-being among students. There is a need to monitor this behavior due to its deleterious effects.
Frozen section versus imprint cytology for evaluation of intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients: a prospective study
Authors: Moussa Rabab A. , Shaban Shimaa H. , Mahran Mohamed H. , Herdan Rania A.
Published: August 2024

Background

Currently, two methods are commonly used for intraoperative examination of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) biopsy in breast cancer (BC); imprint cytology (IC) and frozen section (FS).

Aim

Assessing the outcomes of the intraoperative SLN IC evaluation and comparing them to those of FS.

Methods

Eighty-seven patients have been diagnosed with T1-T2 BC. Sentinel nodes were detected using the blue dye injection technique intraoperatively. From each SLN, two slides of touch imprint were provided for imprint cytology evaluation and excised SLNs were then sent for frozen section.

Results

Histological examination of SLNs revealed 10 positive cases and 77 negative cases. Regarding IC, positive SLNs were detected in 8 cases and 79 case showed negative results. For FS, positive SLNs were detected in 11 case and 76 case were negative. Regarding IC, the sensitivity and specificity were 60% and 97.4%, respectively, whereas the sensitivity and specificity reach 90% and 97.4% for FS. Overall accuracy was 93.1% for IC and 96.6% for FS.

Conclusion

Intraoperative SLN diagnosis by imprint cytology in many aspects, could be comparable to that obtained from FS examination. Imprint cytology is simple, fast, easily performed, inexpensive, and highly accurate way of intraoperative SLN diagnosis in BC patients.
Immunohistochemical expression of Hairy and Enhancer of Split 1 (HES1) protein in breast carcinoma
Authors: Shibel Passant E.E. , Mohamed Alyaa A.E. , El Aziz Ahmed M. Abd , Khairy Rasha A.
Published: August 2024

Background

Hairy and Enhancer of Split 1 (HES1) is a transcription factor involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, and in various cancer progression. Recently, HES1 was addressed as a potential biomarker that induces stem cell features in breast cancer and stimulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Aim

This study aimed to assess HES1 immunohistochemical (IHC) expression in invasive breast carcinoma and correlate it with the clinicopathological variables and different molecular subtypes of the cases.

Patients and methods

IHC was conducted on 76 paraffin blocks with an anti-HES1 monoclonal antibody, and a final IHC score was calculated based on staining intensity and percentage of positively stained cells. A final IHC of greater than or equal to 4 was considered an HES1 positive expression.

Results

HES1 expression was positive in 18 (23.7%) cases and was significantly associated with breast cancer HER2-enriched molecular subtype, followed by triple-negative breast cancer (P<0.05). HES1 expression was also significantly associated with estrogen and progesterone receptor negativity and HER2 overexpression (P<0.05). Positive HES1 expression was associated with high tumor grade, advanced stage, high Ki-67 proliferation index, and presence of tumor vascular emboli, although it did not reach statistical significance (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that the HES1 protein showed a significantly higher expression in nonluminal breast cancer subtypes. In addition, it could have a potential role in the growth and spread of breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that HES1 is a possible promising target for therapeutic interventions.