bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
School Leadership and Gender- and Sexuality-Related Equity
Authors: Zook Thomas A.
Published: December 2020

All students deserve a safe and welcoming atmosphere in which to learn and to be valued and respected as their authentic selves. For educational leaders, gender- and sexuality-related equity involves the recognition that schools often represent hostile, discriminatory, and inequitable learning environments for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer plus (LGBTQ+) individuals; however, this is merely the first step. Establishing equitable learning environments for LGBTQ+ individuals requires action and, especially in this instance, the courage to take effective action toward purging the school culture of all institutionalized barriers and negative beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors regarding LGBTQ+ people. School leaders dedicated to ensuring that all students genuinely have an equal opportunity to succeed will extend that obligation to the many lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer and questioning individuals, plus those who do not otherwise identify as heterosexual and/or gender compliant (LGBTQ+) and those who are merely perceived to be, as well as their family, friends, and allies, who are also all a vital and deserving part of the school community.

Achieving gender- and sexuality-related equity involves the creation of LGBTQ+-inclusive curricula, decentering hetero/cisnormativity, eliminating homophobic and transphobic harassment and bullying, identifying and eliminating policies and procedures that discriminate against LGBTQ+ individuals, and ensuring that all school personnel have the necessary knowledge and understanding of LGBTQ+ realities to become caring and supportive allies.
From the Open Seas to the Guangzhou System
Authors: Van Dyke Paul A.
Published: December 2020

The transformation from the open sea policies of the early Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) to the rise of the Guangzhou System was a process that took many years. It began with the capture of Taiwan from the Zheng family regime in 1683 and the opening of multiple Chinese ports to trade in 1684. Over the next four decades, Qing officials experimented with different ways of managing trade, and by about 1700, Guangzhou had emerged as one of the most successful at attracting foreign ships. The practices that were found to be most effective at maintaining control—while at the same time encouraging foreigners to return each year—were gradually incorporated into the city’s commercial policies. By the 1720s, all of the basic features of what came to be called the Guangzhou System were firmly in place. In 1757, the Qing government closed other Chinese ports to foreign trade, which guaranteed that Guangzhou would remain the center of commerce up to the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.
Football in Lusophone Africa
Authors: Domingos Nuno
Published: December 2020

Since the beginning of the 20th century, the game of football has spread across the territories of the Portuguese colonial empire in Africa—Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Príncipe—quickly becoming part of the daily life of main colonial cities. It was introduced by Portuguese settlers and by individuals of other nationalities; in particular, members of the English business diaspora. Religious missions and schools as well as migrant individuals from trade and labor networks were all agents in the expansion of the game which, since the first decades of the century, has become integrated into the leisure practices of different imperial territories through the formation of clubs, associations, and tournaments. Sports associations were the most mobilizing form of its integration in the Portuguese colonial empire. This network became more extensive in colonies that were significantly urbanized, more populated, had more dynamic economies, and that had more settlers, who increasingly became fans of the game and followed competitions in the newspapers and on the radio. The institutionalization of the game incorporated the discriminatory structure of the Portuguese colonial system. The logic behind official sports policies created by the Estado Novo regime (1933–1974), which until the early 1960s did not include natives (indígenas), was thus applied. And yet, Africans soon took over the game, creating their own clubs and competitions. Resistance to Portuguese colonialism forced political changes, which resulted in a war fought on three different fronts, but also in a gradual abandonment of official policies of racial discrimination. In the colonial football sphere, this opening, combined with the development of a professional market, led to the movement of African players first to colonial clubs, and then to metropolitan clubs, and even to the national team. The fame and talent of these players, especially Eusébio da Silva Ferreira, ultimately helped in disseminating official government propaganda of a multiracial empire.
Bid-Ask Spread: Theory and Empirical Evidence
Authors: Nimalendran Mahendrarajah , Petrella Giovanni
Published: December 2020

The most important friction studied in the microstructure literature is the adverse selection borne by liquidity providers when facing traders who are better informed, and the bid-ask spread quoted by market makers is one of these frictions in securities markets that has been extensively studied. In the early 1980s, the transparency of U.S. stock markets was limited to post-trade end-of-day transactions prices, and there were no easily available market quotes for researchers and market participants to study the effects of bid-ask spread on the liquidity and quality of markets. This led to models that used the auto-covariance of daily transactions prices to estimate the bid-ask spread. In the early 1990s, the U.S. stock markets (NYSE/AMEX/NASDAQ) provided pre-trade quotes and transaction sizes for researchers and market participants. The increased transparency and access to quotes and trades led to the development of theoretical models and empirical methods to decompose the bid-ask spread into its components: adverse selection, inventory, and order processing. These models and methods can be broadly classified into those that use the serial covariance properties of quotes and transaction prices, and others that use a trade direction indicator and a regression approach to decompose the bid-ask spread. Covariance and trade indicator models are equivalent in structural form, but they differ in parameters’ estimation (reduced form). The basic microstructure model is composed of two equations; the first defines the law of motion of the “true” price, while the second defines the process generating transaction price. From these two equations, an appropriate relation for transaction price changes is derived in terms of observed variables. A crucial point that differentiates the two approaches is the assumption made for estimation purposes relative to the behavior of order arrival, which is the probability of order reversal or continuation. Thus, the specification of the most general models allows for including an additional parameter that accounts for order behavior. The article provides a unified framework to compare the different models with respect to the restrictions that are imposed, and how this affects the relative proportions of the different components of the spread.
Electroweak Interactions and W, Z Boson Properties
Authors: Boonekamp Maarten , Schott Matthias
Published: December 2020

With the huge success of quantum electrodynamics (QED) to describe electromagnetic interactions in nature, several attempts have been made to extend the concept of gauge theories to the other known fundamental interactions. It was realized in the late 1960s that electromagnetic and weak interactions can be described by a single unified gauge theory. In addition to the photon, the single mediator of the electromagnetic interaction, this theory predicted new, heavy particles responsible for the weak interaction, namely the W and the Z bosons. A scalar field, the Higgs field, was introduced to generate their mass.

The discovery of the mediators of the weak interaction in 1983, at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN), marked a breakthrough in fundamental physics and opened the door to more precise tests of the Standard Model. Subsequent measurements of the weak boson properties allowed the mass of the top quark and of the Higgs Boson to be predicted before their discovery. Nowadays, these measurements are used to further probe the consistency of the Standard Model, and to place constrains on theories attempting to answer still open questions in physics, such as the presence of dark matter in the universe or unification of the electroweak and strong interactions with gravity.
Digital Resources: The Berg Fashion Library
Authors: Saunders Stephanie
Published: December 2020

The Berg Fashion Library forms part of Bloomsbury Fashion Central, a digital lynchpin for research involving fashion and dress. Alongside the Fashion Photography Archive, Fairchild Books Library, and Bloomsbury Fashion Business Cases, the Berg Fashion Library tightly weaves together an interdisciplinary array of digital resources for those interested in the multifaceted inner workings of dress. Enriching both students and researchers of fashion studies, the vast visual corpus offers an abundant repertoire of benchmark texts in e-book format, and encourages cross-cultural study, especially through the digitalized ten-volume reference work, The Encyclopedia of World Dress and Fashion, and the section “Museum Exhibitions,” dedicated to a global representation of fashion, dress, and the body throughout history. Specifically, for those interested in Latin American fashion, accessories, and textiles, the Berg Fashion Library facilitates an introduction into the subject while also delving into the particularities of Latin American fashion. Cognizant of the diverse cultures involved, the Berg Fashion Library provides a comprehensive platform to explore the geographical, political, and historical markers that interlace the complexities of Latin America.
Accurate, scalable cohort variant calls using DeepVariant and GLnexus
Authors: Yun Taedong , Li Helen , Chang Pi-Chuan , Lin Michael F , Carroll Andrew , McLean Cory Y
Published: December 2020

Motivation

Population-scale sequenced cohorts are foundational resources for genetic analyses, but processing raw reads into analysis-ready cohort-level variants remains challenging.

Results

We introduce an open-source cohort-calling method that uses the highly accurate caller DeepVariant and scalable merging tool GLnexus. Using callset quality metrics based on variant recall and precision in benchmark samples and Mendelian consistency in father-mother-child trios, we optimize the method across a range of cohort sizes, sequencing methods and sequencing depths. The resulting callsets show consistent quality improvements over those generated using existing best practices with reduced cost. We further evaluate our pipeline in the deeply sequenced 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP) samples and show superior callset quality metrics and imputation reference panel performance compared to an independently generated GATK Best Practices pipeline.

Availability and implementation

We publicly release the 1KGP individual-level variant calls and cohort callset (https://console.cloud.google.com/storage/browser/brain-genomics-public/research/cohort/1KGP) to foster additional development and evaluation of cohort merging methods as well as broad studies of genetic variation. Both DeepVariant (https://github.com/google/deepvariant) and GLnexus (https://github.com/dnanexus-rnd/GLnexus) are open-source, and the optimized GLnexus setup discovered in this study is also integrated into GLnexus public releases v1.2.2 and later.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Decoding Music-Evoked Emotions in the Auditory and Motor Cortex
Authors: Putkinen Vesa , Nazari-Farsani Sanaz , Seppälä Kerttu , Karjalainen Tomi , Sun Lihua , Karlsson Henry K , Hudson Matthew , Heikkilä Timo T , Hirvonen Jussi , Nummenmaa Lauri
Published: December 2020

Music can induce strong subjective experience of emotions, but it is debated whether these responses engage the same neural circuits as emotions elicited by biologically significant events. We examined the functional neural basis of music-induced emotions in a large sample (n = 102) of subjects who listened to emotionally engaging (happy, sad, fearful, and tender) pieces of instrumental music while their hemodynamic brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Ratings of the four categorical emotions and liking were used to predict hemodynamic responses in general linear model (GLM) analysis of the fMRI data. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) was used to reveal discrete neural signatures of the four categories of music-induced emotions. To map neural circuits governing non-musical emotions, the subjects were scanned while viewing short emotionally evocative film clips. The GLM revealed that most emotions were associated with activity in the auditory, somatosensory, and motor cortices, cingulate gyrus, insula, and precuneus. Fear and liking also engaged the amygdala. In contrast, the film clips strongly activated limbic and cortical regions implicated in emotional processing. MVPA revealed that activity in the auditory cortex and primary motor cortices reliably discriminated the emotion categories. Our results indicate that different music-induced basic emotions have distinct representations in regions supporting auditory processing, motor control, and interoception but do not strongly rely on limbic and medial prefrontal regions critical for emotions with survival value.
Salinity increases growth and pathogenicity of water mold to cause mortality and early hatching in Rana sylvatica embryos
Authors: Coughlan Megan P , Waters Theresa R , Touchon Justin C
Published: December 2020

Amphibian embryos often suffer increased mortality and altered hatching when exposed to road deicing salt runoff or pathogens such as water molds. However, the combined effects of such contaminants on embryos remain understudied. To test how pond salinization interacts with water mold (Saprolegniasp.) to influence hatching timing and survival, we first measured pond water conductivity and temperature and quantified the prevalence and abundance of water mold in four ponds in an ecological preserve. Second, we experimentally placed wood frog (Rana sylvatica) embryos in the presence or absence of water mold, crossed with environmentally realistic salt concentrations (100, 300 or 600 μS). Lastly, we quantified growth and colonization of water mold in this range of salinities. Our results demonstrate that salt had synergistic effects with water mold exposure that affected hatching time, though water mold had less of an effect at higher salinities. Water mold significantly reduced egg survival whereas salt did not. Higher salinities also increased water mold growth and colonization on new substrates. These results indicate that road salt runoff may enhance colonization of amphibian eggs by water molds increasing mortality and premature hatching of surviving embryos, which may in turn have detrimental effects on amphibian communities.
Ancient Mnemonic in New Format—Episodic Memory Training With the Method of Loci in a Smart Phone Application
Authors: Sandberg Petra , Boraxbekk Carl-Johan , Zogaj Idriz , Nyberg Lars
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Episodic memory is age-sensitive but can be strengthened by targeted training interventions. The method of loci (MoL) is a classic mnemonic which if successfully implemented greatly improves memory performance. We developed and investigated the effects of a MoL training program implemented in a smart phone application (app) with the aim of studying usage of the application, training effect and its modifiability by age, predictors for MoL proficiency, transfer effects to a face-name memory task, and perceived benefit in everyday memory.

Method

A total of 359 adults participated. Instruction and training of the MoL, transfer test (face-name paired associates cued recall task), and surveys were performed in an in-house developed app.

Results

The app interested people across the adult life span. Older adults practiced the most, whereas younger and young-old participants showed the highest level of MoL proficiency. Level of proficiency was modulated by amount of practice, but in the oldest participants this effect was less pronounced. Greater self-rated health was associated with higher level of proficiency. No transfer effect was observed. Among those who answered the survey, about half expressed that MoL training had benefitted memory in their everyday life.

Discussion

App-based memory training in the MoL can be delivered successfully via an app across the adult life span. Level of performance reached in training is variable but generally high, and mainly influenced by amount of training and age of the participants. Our data suggest plasticity across the life span, but to a lesser degree for adults between 70 and 90 years.
Financial Exploitation Vulnerability and Social Isolation in Older Adults: Results From a Longitudinal Survey
Authors: Gimm Gilbert , Beach Scott
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of socially isolated older adult participants in a survey funded by National Institute of Aging (NIA), and the association of social isolation with financial exploitation (FE) vulnerability. METHODS: Baseline data were collected from 528 participants (age 60+ years) and recruited from two regions. Assessments included a detailed cognitive battery and an array of self-report measures including socio-demographic and psychosocial variables. Social isolation was measured with the Friendship Scale (Hawthorne, 2006). Participants also read six randomly ordered “scam” scenarios (investment opportunity; Medicare phishing and prescription drug fraud; health product; sweepstakes; telemarketing) and provided credibility ratings for each (1 = Not at all credible; 10 = Extremely credible). Ratings are coded “0” (credibility rating 1); “1” (ratings 2-4); “2” (ratings 5-10) and summed, with total FE “vulnerability” scores ranging from 0-12. RESULTS: Preliminary results showed the prevalence of social isolation was 12.5% overall. Social isolation was higher for males (17.4% vs. 9.8%, p<.05); single / never married (28.7% vs. 12.5%, p<.01); and those in the lowest household income (under $10,000) category (28.3% vs. 12.5%, p<.05). However, we did not find evidence that social isolation varied significantly by race or educational attainment. FE vulnerability risk was higher for socially isolated older adults (2.44 vs. 1.44, p<.001) compared to non-isolated participants. CONCLUSION: Social isolation is associated with FE vulnerability. Therefore, identifying the prevalence and characteristics of socially isolated older adults is needed to improve the targeting of interventions for those at greater risk of FE vulnerability.
Self-Rated Health Status as a Predictor of Executive Function in Older Latinos
Authors: Guzman Jacqueline , Soto Yuliana , Marquez David , Aguinaga Susan
Published: December 2020

Latinos have high risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Self-rated health (SRH) has been used to predict cognitive decline. Early detection of executive function changes may help identify those at higher risk of cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between SRH and executive function in Latinos. Latinos (N=333, 84.4% female, Mage= 64.9 ± 7.08) from the BAILA randomized controlled trial self-rated their health as 1) poor/fair, 2) good, and 3) very good/excellent. Executive function was assessed by the Trail-making B, Verbal Fluency, Stroop C & CW, and the Digit Modality tests and stratified by SRH. One-way analysis of variance showed that the effect of SRH was significant for Trails B, F(2,298)=4.01, p=.019 and Stroop CW, F(2,298)=3.07, p=.048. Tukey’s test indicated that participants who rated their health as fair/poor took longer to complete Trails B (M=196.78±83.0 seconds) compared to those who rated their health as good (M=185.25 ± 85.1 seconds) and very good/excellent (M=149.25±95.3 seconds). Stroop CW results demonstrated that those in the fair/poor health category scored lower (M=17.22±6.6) than those in good (M=19.70±8.5 words/minutes) and very good/excellent health categories (M=18.73±8.2 words/minute). In sum, the results suggest SRH is related to executive function such that lower categories of SRH are indicative of poorer executive function. SRH might be used as a proxy for executive function and as a tool that community leaders can use to identify individuals at high risk of ADRD in need of behavioral interventions.
Sociodemographic Disadvantage, Living With a Smoker, and Health Risk Behaviors in Middle-Aged and Older Women
Authors: Holahan Carole , Holahan Charles , Lim Sangdon , Chen Yen , Powers Daniel
Published: December 2020

Sociodemographic disadvantage places individuals at risk for an unhealthy lifestyle (Kushi et al., 2012; Shanker et al., 2010), as well as for exposure to second-hand household smoke (Gan et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2012). However, the role of living with a smoker in the association between sociodemographic status and health behavior is unstudied. This study investigated the role of living with a smoker in partially explaining the link between sociodemographic disadvantage and physical inactivity and poor dietary behaviors. The study used limited access data from the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study obtained from NHLBI. Participants were 83,597 women ranging in age from 49 to 81; 6038 participants lived with a smoker. Cross-sectional logistic regression analyses examined paths in the models; bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals tested indirect effects in probit analyses. Analyses controlled for age, ethnicity, marital status, and participants’ current smoking status. Results demonstrated a significant association (p < .001) between sociodemographic disadvantage (composite of low education and low income) and living with a smoker (OR = 1.74). The unstandardized indirect effects (CIs are in brackets) from sociodemographic disadvantage through living with a smoker to no exercise, no walking, high percent dietary fat, and low servings of fruits and vegetables through living with a smoker were statistically significant (.023 [.019, .028], .026 [.023, .033], .041 [.037, .047], and .032 [.027, .036], respectively). These findings illustrate the need to address multiple non-smoking health risk behaviors in household smoking interventions for disadvantaged families. This project was supported by the NIH/NCI (R03CA215947).
The Association Between Discrimination and Self-Mastery in U.S. Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Zhang Mailun , Li Mengting , Dong XinQi
Published: December 2020

Perceived discrimination related to one’s racial/ethnic membership has been linked to negative impact on the health and wellbeing of minority populations. While the anti-Chinese sentiment in the US dates to the 19th century, discrimination experienced by this population and its impact has been poorly understood. Self-mastery is a protective psychological resource reflecting one’s ability to cope with stressors. This study examines the interaction between discrimination and self-mastery among 3,157 US Chinese older adults. Data were obtained from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) collected between 2011 and 2013. Self-mastery was measured using the Pearlin Mastery Scale. Discrimination was measured using the Experiences of Discrimination instrument. Linear regression was used. Discrimination experiences were found common (21.3%) among the US Chinese older adults. Younger age, male gender, higher levels of education, higher income, being married, more children, and fewer medical comorbidities were associated with a higher sense of self-mastery. After controlling for these potential confounders, discrimination experiences appeared to be significantly associated with lower self-mastery. Specifically, people who have experienced discrimination when getting hired (Beta [B]=-4.47,Standard Error [SE]=1.04, p<0.01), in working environment (B=-1.13,SE=0.52, p<0.05), getting health care (B=-3.45,SE=0.85, p<0.01), getting services in a store or restaurant (B=-2.12,SE=0.78, p<0.01), getting credit, bank loans, or a mortgage (B=-6.86,SE=2.83, p<0.05) and interacting with police or in the courts (B=-4.15,SE=1.48, p<0.01) were associated with lower levels of self-mastery. The findings suggested that discrimination experiences might be harmful by diminishing one’s protective coping mechanism, which warrants longitudinal studies among minority aging populations to clarify.
Family Value Matters: Intergenerational Solidarity and Life Satisfaction of Chinese Older Migrants
Authors: Yao Jun , Zhang Li , Lu Peiyi
Published: December 2020

The number of older adults who migrate due to family reasons has been increasing rapidly in China in the past decade. However, few empirical studies have focused on this group. This study focused on them and explored the association of intergenerational solidarity with older migrants’ life satisfaction when they were adapting to the new environment. We surveyed 340 older adults who migrated to Nanjing with their children either to help care for the grandchildren or enjoy retirement life. Respondents were recruited from the community. Structural equation modeling was adopted to analyze the associations among intergenerational solidarity, loneliness, aging perception, and life satisfaction. Results showed intergenerational solidarity was negatively correlated with loneliness (r=-0.304) but positively correlated with life satisfaction (r=0.386). Loneliness was linked to lower life satisfaction(r=-0.517). Path analyses showed that loneliness played a partial mediation role on the relationship of intergenerational solidarity and life satisfaction. Aging perception negatively moderated the association between intergenerational solidarity and loneliness, and also negatively moderated the mediating effect of loneliness on intergenerational solidarity and life satisfaction. It is concluded family values played important roles in Chinese older migrants’ mental health. When they migrate to a new city, intergenerational solidarity can help ease their loneliness and subsequently improve their life satisfaction, which finally help them adapt to the new environment. Positive perception towards aging also helps improve their well-being after migration. Based on these findings, we suggest practitioners design education program to promote family values among the family with older migrants.
Grandparenting and the Receipt of Filial Piety From Adult Children in Chinese American Families
Authors: Kim Jeung Hyun
Published: December 2020

The current study explores the association between grandparent caregiving by Chinese American elders and their perceived receipt of filial support from their adult children, called filial piety (xiao). Many studies find a correlation between grandparent caregiving and filial behaviors from their adult children, which is notably higher among minority families, especially among Asians than among white families, stimulated by the norm of reciprocity, familism, and extended kinship. Drawing from the theory of intergenerational relationships, social exchange theory, and the role theory, this study questions whether a more active engagement in grandparenting renders higher levels of filial piety returns from adult children. It uses the PINE data, a survey on the wellbeing of Chinese American elders in Chicago. The results show that more hours of grandparent caregiving relate to higher returns of filial piety perceived by older parents. Correspondingly, though with a marginal significance, more pressures to take care of a grandchild from adult children reduce the elders’ perception of filial piety receipt. No interaction effect is found between the grandparenting hours and the pressure from adult children. Additionally, Chinese American elders possessing higher levels of education, mastery, and longer stays in the US perceive lower levels of filial piety receipt from adult children. Discussion will focus on how grandparent caregiving can be mutually beneficial and strengthen intergenerational relationships among Chinese American families.
The Effects of Transitions in Caregiving and Changes in Social Participation on Old Adults’ Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Zhao Xinyi , Liu Huiying , Zhang Quan
Published: December 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transitioning into spousal caregiving, changes in social participation, and their interactions on depressive symptoms among community dwelling old adults over time. Methods: The samples included old adults who were non-caregivers at 2011 baseline of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and joined the follow-up surveys in 2013 and 2015. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to analyze the effects of caregiving transitions (transitioning into low-intensity or high-intensity caregivers versus the non-caregivers) and changes in social engagement on the depressive symptoms over time. Results: The results showed that old adults who transitioned into spousal caregiving over a 4-year period reported more depressive symptoms than those remained non-caregivers. Old adults who continued or increased social participation reported fewer depressive symptoms than those without social participation. Individuals who continued social participation during the transitions into high-intensity caregiving showed less severe elevated depressive symptoms than their counterparts who did not engage in social participation. Conclusion: The results highlighted that continuous social participation might be a protective factor for old adults against negative psychological outcomes during the transition to high-intensive caregiving.
Spousal Loss and Cognitive Functioning: Do Pre-Loss Marital Quality and Gender Matter?
Authors: Min Joohong , Song Jieun
Published: December 2020

Prior research has found that the risk of cognitive decline increases after the death of a spouse. In general, the impact of life transitions is contingent on contextual factors such as socio-demographic characteristics or relationship quality. However, there is limited research on how marital quality before spousal loss and gender influence the association between spousal loss and cognitive change. The current study examines the effects of spousal loss on change in cognitive functioning as well as the moderating effects of pre-loss marital quality and gender. Data from two waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study were analyzed (MIDUS2: 2004-05, MIDUS3: 2013-14). The analytic sample consists of two groups: (1) 179 bereaved adults who were age 54 or older at MIDUS2 (M = 65.2, SD = 9.5) and whose spouses died between MIDUS2 and MIDUS3, and (2) 179 non-bereaved adults, matched with the bereaved group on age and gender, who did not experience spousal loss between the two waves. Cognitive function was assessed via BTACT (Brief Telephone Adult Cognition Test) at both waves. Regression results show that both pre-loss marital quality and gender significantly moderate the association between spousal loss and change in cognitive functioning. Specifically, relative to their counterparts, men and those who reported better marital relationships prior to spousal death had a greater risk of cognitive decline after a spouse’s death. The findings suggest the significance of pre-loss marital quality and gender for cognitive changes in widowhood and have implications for the development of efficient interventions
The Reminiscence Bump Effect in Autobiographies
Authors: Benz Hannah , Pierce Thomas , Flood Grace
Published: December 2020

The reminiscence bump effect refers to the tendency for older adults to recall more life events from their late teens through early thirties than from other periods of life. Participants in laboratory studies are often encouraged to recall events quickly and spontaneously, with the intention of eliciting those life events that come most easily to mind. The purpose of this study was to determine if a reminiscence bump effect is observed in accounts of life events that are carefully organized and narrated over prolonged periods of time; specifically, those presented in published autobiographies. 1911 life events were collected from the autobiographies of 16 authors. Four authors were female and 12 were male. The mean age of authors at the time of publication was 65.88 (SD = 13.94). 45.52% of life events reported in autobiographies occurred when authors were between 18 and 32 years of age, a value significantly higher than expected by chance [Chi-square (1, N = 1911) = 457.70, p < .001] and consistent with those found in laboratory studies supporting the reminiscence bump effect (e.g., Rubin, Wetzler, & Nebes, 1986). In addition, the 15-year reminiscence bump period represented an average of 22.77% of the authors’ lives at the time they published their autobiography; however, events from the reminiscence bump period took up an average of 42.52% of the pages in their autobiographies. These data provide evidence for a reminiscence bump effect in carefully considered life story narratives which required months or years to complete.
Envy and Jealousy of Living-Apart-Together Relationships in Continuing Care Retirement Communities
Authors: Koren Chaya , Ayalon Liat
Published: December 2020

Moving to a continuing care retirement community (CCRC) and living apart together (LAT) as a repartnering form, represent new late-life beginnings. A larger qualitative study on LAT relationships constructed in the CCRC identified envy and jealousy yet they were not examined in-depth. Envy is wanting something we lack whereas jealousy is fear of losing something that is ours to another. These emotions are rarely explored in the context of older adults’ relationships. Our aim is to examine experiences of envy and jealousy from perspectives of residents aged 79 to 96 and staff, heuristically using Goffman’s framework on (semi)-totalitarian institutions. 30 semi structured qualitative interviews were conducted in three CCRCs in Israel with 10 LAT residents, 10 residents not LAT, and 10 CCRC staff members including social workers. Analysis was conducted based on principles of thematic analysis and triangulation. Findings refer to kinds of envy, ignoring envy, and the development and consequences of jealousy and/or envy related to LAT in the CCRC. Conclusions address how semi-totalitarian CCRC features influence envy and jealousy experiences including implications for assisting social workers, older adults and their family members to adjust to life in the CCRC and assist CCRC management and staff to address possible consequences of envy and jealousy.
Job Satisfaction in the Long-Term Care Workforce: How Ageism Plays a Role
Authors: Hennessa Alex , Gendron Tracey , Cimarolli Verena , Inker Jennifer , Rhodes Annie , Stone Robyn
Published: December 2020

Prior research has demonstrated that ageism, specifically negative attitudes and behaviors about growing old, can be barriers to delivering high-quality long-term care (LTC), but little is known about how ageism may be related to job satisfaction – an important driver of workforce retention in LTC. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of ageism in job satisfaction in LTC. Our cross-sectional study used data collected from 265 staff members of aging services organizations (e.g. nursing homes, assisted living) representing the continuum of job types in LTC. The study examined the relationship between ageist attitudes (i.e. internalized and relational aging anxiety; affinity for older persons) and ageist behaviors, and job satisfaction when controlling for socio-demographic (i.e. age; gender; ethnicity) and employment-related variables (i.e. years of employment; advanced training in gerontology; direct care vs. managerial position). Results of a regression analysis showed that lower internalized aging anxiety and higher affinity for older people were significantly associated with higher levels of job satisfaction. Findings suggest addressing ageism to improve job satisfaction in LTC and provide some evidence for incorporating ageism screening and training into recruitment and onboarding of staff to enhance job satisfaction and to mitigate turnover.
Continuous Program Evaluation to Foster an Environment that Leads to Student Engagement
Authors: Velazquez Janice
Published: December 2020

This presentation explores aspects related to the Gerontology Health Certificate of Achievement program and the progression of their Enrollment Management Plan. It discusses how external forces have influenced changes to the plan during the last five years. Some of the strategies to be addressed are the incorporation of adult education courses to the career path; interdisciplinary collaborations with Health, Theater and Psychology Departments; partnerships with organizations such as American Association Family and Consumer Sciences; Association Gerontology in Higher Education, and private donors. The presenter also covers innovative teaching modalities such as laboratories, research, student club, and online teaching as an attempt to accommodate students’ needs. Lastly, it discusses the incorporation of workforce development data and how it is influenced by national and institutional policies and practices—ultimately creating a healthy environment to promote enrollment growth by strengthening student’s retention and completion. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Community College Interest Group.
Medically Treated Opioid Overdoses Among the U.S. Elderly: Trends and Correlates
Authors: Treitler Peter , Crystal Stephen , Hermida Richard , Miles Jennifer
Published: December 2020

High rates of opioid prescribing and comorbid medical conditions increase risk of overdose among older adults. As the US population ages and the rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) increase in the elderly population, there is a need to characterize trends and correlates of overdose in order to more effectively target policy and practice. Using a ~40% random sample of 2015-2017 Medicare beneficiaries ages 65 and older with Part D pharmacy coverage, this study examined medically treated opioid overdoses among US older adults. The sample included 13-14 million beneficiaries per year. The rate of medically treated opioid overdoses among elderly Medicare beneficiaries increased by 15% from 6 per 10,000 in 2015 to 6.9 per 10,000 in 2017. Those with overdose were disproportionately female (63%), non-Hispanic white (83%), with diagnoses of pain conditions (96%), with diagnoses of major depression (63%), and with high rates of conditions that decrease respiratory reserve such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 13% had co-occurring diagnosed alcohol use disorder, 36% were diagnosed with opioid dependence or abuse, and 12% were diagnosed with hepatitis C. Older individuals with overdose represent a complex mix of risk factors; identifying those most at risk (as well as those who have very low risk, whose pain management may be compromised by overly-rigid interpretation of opioid use guidelines) is key in order to address multiple risks, balancing risk reduction with appropriate pain management.
Current and Future Geriatrics Education Policy Initiatives
Authors: Berg-Weger Marla , Bennett Katherine
Published: December 2020

Current and future NAGE policy-related activities will be the focus of this presentation. The Geriatric Academic Career Awards (GACAs), which support the career development of junior faculty clinician educators in geriatrics, were reinstituted by HRSA in 2019 after a 13-year absence. We will discuss the role of this award in the broader context of geriatrics education and GWEPs, how GACA awardees have been integrated into NAGE, and the need for expansion of the GACA program to support both the GWEP and geriatric education pipelines. Areas for future NAGE engagement will be focused on advocacy efforts to support: permanent GWEP reauthorization by Congress; expanding current level of $40.737 million to $51 million to enable HRSA to increase the number of GWEPS to further extend their reach; increasing funding for GACA awardees; and strengthening the synergies between the GACA and GWEP programs to support development of future GWEP leadership.
Applied Open Science for Secondary Data Analysis and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lodi-Smith Jennifer
Published: December 2020

This talk will provide guidance on the practicalities of open science for secondary data analysis and meta-analyses. Example studies will provide practical considerations for preregistering complex projects, insights into strategies for transparently reporting deviations from preregistrations, advice on deciding when and how to share sensitive data, and tips on transparent documentation of analysis code. Examples will be drawn from an ongoing meta-analysis of the relationship between self-concept clarity and self-esteem (https://osf.io/sa2bx/), the Rochester Adult Longitudinal Study (https://osf.io/ya4ph/), and the Aging and Autism Study (https://osf.io/g9c3e/). The pedagogical value of preregistration will be emphasized throughout the talk.
Housing and Life Course Transitions in Later Life: The Role of Housing, Place, and Sense of Home in Periods of Uncertainty
Authors: Wanka Anna , Schmidt Steven , Settersten Richard
Published: December 2020

Housing is central factor for health and well-being in later life. Many countries have implemented ageing in place policies, but they tend to neglect the dynamic nature and heterogeneity of the ageing process. Housing needs change as people grow older, and experience different transitions across their life courses. Studies have demonstrated relationships between housing and health and wellbeing in later life on the one hand and life transitions and health and wellbeing in later life on the other hand. However, research on life transitions in combination with objective and perceived housing in relation to indicators of good ageing is scarce. Hence, the symposium aims to explore the dynamic relationship between housing and life transitions and how this relationship impacts health, well-being, functioning, and social/neighborhood participation along the process of ageing. First, Anna Wanka and Frank Oswald investigate how older adults’ relationship to their home is interlinked with life-course transitions and social exclusion, presenting case studies from three countries. Maya Kylén explores the meaning of home and health dynamics throughout the retirement transition among the ‘younger old’ in Sweden. Kieran Walsh asks how ‘sense of home’ interrelates with risks entailed in the transitions of bereavement, dementia on-set and forced migration. Finally, Helen Barrie discusses the transition to homelessness based on the HILDA survey to identify the profile(s) of older people at risk of homelessness in Australia. Finally, Richard A. Settersten will discuss the four contributions.
Adult Day Service Use Decreases Likelihood of Depressive Symptoms Among Black Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Parker Lauren , Gitlin Laura
Published: December 2020

Black Americans are more likely than others to age with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in the community and rely on family members for support. Despite reported positive aspects of caregiving, Black caregivers report greater need for daytime respite and caregiving support. Little is known regarding the health-promoting benefits of daytime respite, like adult day services (ADS), among Black caregivers. Using a sample of 190 Philadelphia-area Black caregivers for community-living persons with dementia, pooled from two behavioral intervention trials: Advancing Caregiver Training and Care of Persons with Dementia in their Environments, the study examined the association between ADS use and depressive symptoms. About 36% of the caregivers used adult day services for their family member with AD. Controlling for demographic variables, social support, self-rated health, religious coping, caregiver burden, and number of years caregiving Black caregivers who utilized ADS had lower depressive symptoms (β= -1.60, p<.05) relative not using ADS.
Sleep Characteristics, Neighborhood Factors, Function, Mood, and Well-Being in Older Adults With Dementia
Authors: McPhillips Miranda , Hodgson Nancy
Published: December 2020

The number of people with dementia is increasing worldwide. Circadian rhythm disorders and sleep problems are very common in this population and can have profound effects on well-being. Healthy Patterns Clinical Trial (NCT03682185) is a home-based activity intervention designed to improve circadian rhythm disorders and quality of life in people with dementia and their family caregivers. This symposium is designed to discuss the relationship between sleep characteristics and neighborhood environment, function, and psychological well-being in people with dementia. All analyses in this session were conducted on baseline data from participants enrolled in the Healthy Patterns Clinical Trial. We enrolled 170 individuals (67% female), aged (73.35 ± 8.74) with mean Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores of (0.74 ± 0.51). Session 1 describes the role of neighborhood factors as influencing factors affecting sleep. Session 2 focuses on the relationship between sleep and mood. Session 3 focuses on the relationship between sleep and function. Session 4 focuses on the relationship between sleep and quality of life. Implications for future research and intervention development for people with dementia will be discussed.
Workshops to Teach State-Tested Nursing Assistants About End-of-Life Care
Authors: Ogle Kimberly
Published: December 2020

Given that almost 25 percent of U.S. deaths occur annually in long-term care facilities (U.S. Census Bureau, 2017), it’s imperative that frontline workers are given training and support they need to deliver good, person-centered care at the end of life. Inadequate end-of-life (EOL) care may lead to unrelieved suffering and undignified deaths (Bukki, Neuhaus, Paa, 2016). Furthermore, nursing staffs have knowledge gaps and low confidence regarding end-of-life care and they may underestimate its complexity (Pfister, Markett & Muller, 2013). With the growing population of older adults, improving end-of-life care in long- term care facilities needs to be a priority. This research explored the needs of State Tested Nursing Assistants (STNAs) working in long-term care and their knowledge regarding EOL care. Based on the findings of this research, workshops were developed to better educate the STNAs regarding care of the dying and to enhance the EOL care for long term residents.