bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Emerging Generation Z Workforce in the Digital World: A Literature Review on Cooperation and Transformation
Authors: Lazar Mihai-Alin , Zbuchea Alexandra , Pînzaru Florina
Published: July 2023

Generation Z, the next generation of employees, proposes a complex combination of challenges and opportunities in the current digital business world. This generation brings to the workplace a specific set of skills, beliefs, and views influenced by their experiences in a digital environment that is continually expanding. As they assume increasingly important responsibilities in the workforce, it is essential to understand their perspectives on collaboration and transformation in the digital business environment. This literature review analyzes the current state of research on the cooperation and transformation behaviors of Generation Z within the digital business world. The research explores the unique characteristics, values, and perceptions of Generation Z, as well as the developing dynamics of work in the digital business climate and their impact on collaboration and transformation. In addition, the review assesses the importance of diversity and inclusion in attracting and retaining members of Generation Z in the digital business workforce, as well as the effects of technological developments and digitalization on their capacity to contribute to cooperation and transformation in the industry. The findings of this literature review give academics, professionals, and policymakers valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities facing this emerging generation of workers in a digital world that is rapidly changing. This research contributes to a better understanding of how Generation Z is transforming the digital business landscape and how organizations should adapt to their unique perspectives and demands.
How Companies Can Gain a Sustainable Competitive Advantage in the New Digital Era? The Case of Romania
Authors: Plesea Doru Alexandru , Petre Adrian , Olaru Stelian Mircea
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this article is to analyze how digitalization can impact the level of competitiveness of those organizations that implement a digitalization strategy and to define the current situation in Romania in terms of the level of competitiveness at the international level and the main associated influencing factors. The research covers, first of all, the critical analysis of the current scientific literature on this topic. In the second part of the paper, we used econometric analysis, statistical data interpretation as well as descriptive analysis. The main results show, on the one hand, a positive and strong correlation between digitalization and competitiveness, and on the other hand the fact that Romania is far behind, in terms of international competitiveness, for reasons not exclusively related to digitalization. The article is a contribution to the specialized literature because it confirms some of the results obtained by other researchers regarding the relationship between innovation and business performance and at the same time proposes concrete measures to improve the level of competitiveness according to the main current issues that we have identified. Our study also presents possible practical implications, both for the academic environment, and for the policymakers and managers involved in the development of the Romanian business sector.
The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the CSR Practices in the Romanian Banking Sector
Authors: Schipor Frecea Georgiana-Loredana , Duhnea Cristina
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly changed the Romanian banking sector, which was forced to adapt to digital technologies and to provide accessible banking services for all kinds of custsomers. The corporate social responsibility practices evolved during the pandemic, from general causes to more targeted initiatives, the Romanian banks offering innovative solutions to fight against the health crisis. The present paper provides a good insight in the corporate social responsibility practices before the pandemic and during the COVID-19 crisis, exploring the best practices of the most representative banks in terms of total assets. The investigation covers five years, from 2017 to 2021, and was based on a content analysis of the sustainability reports of the banks from the sample. The data was processed through the MAXQDA software, revealing a clear correspondence between the corporate social responsibility practices of the banks and the theoretical concept of sustainability: Profit – People – Planet. The qualitative analysis was completed by a quantitative investigation based on a questionnaire applied on a sample of 344 respondents. The comparative analysis outlines the moral implications of corporate social responsibility in the COVID-19 unique environment, considering the balance between the individual health of clients/employees and the profit dimension of corporate social responsibility. The paper focuses on the recovery stages of the banking sector after the critical point of restriction measures, emphasizing the clients’ perceptions and attitudes towards digital banking, as a form of social care during pandemic. The banks responses to the COVID-19 pandemic were examined by using a sequential mixed-methods approach, suggesting an amplified economic dimension of corporate social responsibility during the COVID-19 pandemic through digital banking services.
Connections between the Model of the Supreme Public Audit Institution and Some Economic, Social, Political, and Cultural Variables
Authors: Cîmpan Marius , Pacuraru-Ionescu Catalin-Paul , Borlea Sorin Nicolae , Jansen Adela
Published: July 2023

Practically, all the countries of the world have at least one Supreme Audit Institution (SAI), but the organizational model and its attributions are different. Academic literature has identified three major types of models: Westminster, judicial and council, but there are also hybrid or original models. This study evaluates the differences between them and the correlations of each institutional type with economic development, education, political rights, civil liberties, and national cultural variables. Comparisons are made within the institutional theories regarding three types of isomorphism: coercive, mimetic and normative. These isomorphic trends are only partially evidenced by the empirical analysis carried out.
An Overview of ETL Cloud Services: An Empirical Study Based on User’s Experience
Authors: Vines Andreea , Tanasescu Laura
Published: July 2023

Cloud technologies are being used more and more by companies in solution development and are able to replace traditional on-premises tools. The purpose of this paper is to provide the approach of IT employees to using different cloud technologies for developing data solutions. The objectives presented are based on two research questions – to determine the main challenges faced in data development and to see which are the most used tools and technologies by employees. The case study created to answer the questions mentioned above, consists of a survey addressed to employees from different companies that work on data development, including data engineers and data architects, and see their preferences for using services from key players in the cloud computing industry. After all responses were analyzed, it was identified that companies prefer to use cloud services instead of on-premises tools. Regarding which cloud provider they want to use, it is subjective as all cloud providers offer different advantages or disadvantages for the data integration solutions they are offering. However, even with all the cloud options and resources available, there are still challenges for big data development around the infrastructure available, data security and governance.
A Study of the Requirements for Online Teaching and Learning in Romanian Schools
Authors: Joga Florentina Ecaterina
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has compelled educational institutions to adopt online teaching to continue activity even when distancing was necessary. While the pandemic has had a detrimental impact on education, it has been demonstrated that online learning is superior to learning alone. This paradigm change in the delivery of education has made it possible for online programs to be considered outside of the pandemic. For countries with weak infrastructure in certain locations, which makes it difficult for all children to attend school every day, especially during harsh weather conditions, online learning might be utilized to provide continuous learning for all pupils. It can also be employed in circumstances where illness prevents students from attending class if online teaching is also available. Prerequisites for online teaching can be assessed based on the challenges that schools and pupils encountered during the pandemic. The present study was based on a survey, in which 522 teachers from different categories of Romanian schools participated. Differences in the digital means and attendance to online courses were analyzed based on the school's funding (public vs. private) and the school's environment (rural vs urban). The outcomes have revealed variations based on each of the analyzed categories, which can lead to a better understanding of how schools and students can be supported regarding the integration of technology in the teaching and learning process.
Una mirada a la arquitectura gaseosa en torno a la migración
Authors: Chong Garduño María Concepción , Uehara Guerrero Ma. Guadalupe Noemi
Published: July 2023

La investigación analiza los fundamentos teóricos de la Arquitectura Gaseosa que buscan dar respuesta a un habitar emergente, flexible y dinámico de la sociedad contemporánea. El concepto fue presentado por el arquitecto siciliano Emmanuel Lo Giudice en México, en abril 2018 en el Congreso Internacional de “Procesos Creativos” celebrado en la ciudad de Xalapa, Ver., México el cual resultó innovador para la academia. Se trata de un manifiesto en donde la arquitectura se deconstruye y se reduce conceptualmente a sus partes esenciales constituyendo un sistema dinámico, útil, independiente y de atmosfera volátil. Como investigadoras existe consciencia de que, a una década de cumplir con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible nos encontramos en un punto de inflexión buscando aún caminos y soluciones para atender las demandas del sistema habitacional. Habitamos un mundo polarizado, heterogéneo, que enfrenta una pandemia, una economía en contradicción, conflictos ambientales, grandes migraciones, desigualdades, pobreza, hambre e inseguridad. Partiendo del pacto mundial para la migración segura, ordenada y regular que reconoce el derecho de los migrantes a recibir salud y educación y considerando que durante su tránsito requieren de un alojamiento intermitente, emergente y resiliente, se busca no mostrar indiferencia y aportar alternativas desde la arquitectura como disciplina -que crea espacios para el hombre-. Es decir, generar propuestas de solución al fenómenos internacional migratorio que se agudiza cada vez más. Desde la academia se presentan propuestas de estudiantes de arquitectura de Brasil y México obtenidas a través de un concurso internacional convocado con el concepto de Arquitectura Gaseosa para hacer frente a los problemas migratorios, emergentes, ante desastres naturales y/o sociales derivados por la pandemia del COVID 19. Los resultados muestran l que es evidente y oportuno crear espacios sin territorialidad, emergentes, flexibles y móviles
Otras miradas a lo mismo de siempre: la ventana como lugar poético
Authors: Castillo Fuentes José Eliseo , Fino Morales Francisco Javier , Hernández Nogueira Daniela
Published: July 2023

En la arquitectura, uno de sus principios de enseñanza es la creación de espacios para habitar, que supone una complejidad de mediar, coordinar y componer información en la medida de las funciones y actividades que se supeditan a dichos espacios. Esta creación, involucra embarcarse en minuciosos procesos de identificación de momentos esenciales a la producción arquitectónica: el programa, la forma y la estructura, que en etapas formativas de la disciplina, muchas veces esta conciliación de información arrincona al estudiante, lo disuade de su creatividad, limita su capacidad de creación y la calidad en sus resultados. En un acto de atenuación a estas limitantes se propone abordar la temática del adoctrinamiento de la mirada como una iniciativa que conduzca al estudiante a una identificación de estructuras compositivas en sus procesos de diseño. Para ello se considera como eje fundamental el estímulo de la creatividad y la destinación de la misma al explorar variantes del mirar y escenas de atracción peculiar para el estudiante. Este adoctrinamiento tiene su objetivo en la consideración del vano arquitectónico para propiciar un mirar poético; elemento habitualmente olvidado en el quehacer arquitectónico. A razón de que, el desarrollo de la creatividad y la ideación debieran apropiarse como parte del quehacer elemental y cotidiano ante cualquier solicitud proyectual
Antropología para urbanistas. Lo microsocial en el estudio de las ciudades complejas
Authors: Guevara Zárraga María Estela
Published: July 2023

Los profesionales de la ciudad tienen en sus manos el reto de atender procesos complejos que exigen una formación profesional transdisciplinar, por lo que es recomendable acercarse conocer marcos teóricos y metodológicos con los que es posible enriquecer su práctica profesional. La política pública de lo urbano es insistente en la promoción de categorías como participación ciudadana, innovación tecnológica, sostenibilidad, accesibilidad universal, entre otras, integradas como referentes de la escala humana, más puntual, de la experiencia humana, lo que involucran de modo central a las personas habitantes de las ciudades. Eventualmente, la circunstancia enfrenta a los profesionales de lo urbano a vacíos en su desempeño profesional. La necesidad de interactuar con las comunidades abre una veta de saberes y habilidades para cultivar las habilidades de acceso, cercanía y colaboración con las personas con quienes hace ciudad. En este documento se expone el devenir de la teoría antropológica en función de los aportes que ofrece a la urbanista, se parte de las escuelas fundadoras del análisis social y cultural de las ciudades hasta lo contemporáneo. Se aporta una estrategia pedagógica que ha sido ensayada en aula que facilita la selección y aplicación de algunas estrategias metodologías para el trabajo en comunidad
Impacto de la Metodología BIM en la formación Académica de los estudiantes de la licenciatura en arquitectura
Authors: Fernández Sánchez Luis Manuel
Published: July 2023

El impacto de la metodología de Modelado de Información de Construcción (BIM, por sus siglas en inglés) en la formación académica de los estudiantes de arquitectura es significativo. BIM, una metodología de trabajo colaborativo para proyectos de construcción, ha revolucionado la industria y se ha convertido en una herramienta esencial para lograr eficiencia, innovación y rentabilidad en la construcción de edificios. En el ámbito académico, la aplicación de la metodología BIM ha permitido la formación de profesionales altamente capacitados y la generación de conocimiento para el desarrollo de mejores prácticas en la industria. La incorporación de BIM en la educación de arquitectura, ingeniería y construcción garantiza que los estudiantes estén equipados con las habilidades necesarias para trabajar en la industria de la construcción moderna. Las ventajas de BIM en el ámbito académico son numerosas. Permite a los estudiantes experimentar la construcción en un entorno virtual, donde pueden crear modelos digitales en 3D y experimentar con diferentes diseños y configuraciones antes de que comience la construcción real. Esto ayuda a los estudiantes a comprender mejor los desafíos de la construcción y cómo resolverlos. BIM también facilita el trabajo en equipo, un aspecto esencial de la educación en construcción, al permitir la colaboración entre equipos y la integración de información de múltiples disciplinas en un único modelo. La Universidad de Yale es un ejemplo destacado de cómo la implementación de la tecnología BIM en la educación de la construcción ha tenido un impacto significativo en la formación de futuros arquitectos e ingenieros civiles. Estudios realizados en Yale han demostrado que el uso de BIM en el ámbito académico mejora la capacidad de los estudiantes para comprender y analizar proyectos de construcción complejos. Los estudiantes también muestran habilidades mejoradas de trabajo en equipo y colaboración al gestionar proyectos de construcción. Otras universidades, como la Universidad de Stanford, la Universidad de Columbia y la Universidad de Hong Kong, han integrado BIM en sus planes de estudios, ofreciendo cursos específicos sobre BIM y utilizando la tecnología en proyectos de investigación y colaboraciones con la industria. Estas universidades reconocen la importancia de capacitar a los estudiantes en la metodología BIM y su software asociado para prepararlos para las demandas de la industria de la construcción. Las innovaciones tecnológicas en BIM, como el BIM basado en la nube, BIM 4D y 5D, y la integración con realidad virtual y aumentada, han mejorado aún más su eficiencia y calidad en proyectos de construcción. Estas innovaciones han permitido la colaboración en tiempo real, una mejor planificación de proyectos, análisis de costos y una mejor visualización y comunicación de los diseños
¿Qué pensamos Cuando dibujamos?. El rol del dibujo a mano en la enseñanza del diseño
Authors: Machín Lettier Cecilia
Published: July 2023

El artículo pretende divulgar los hallazgos obtenidos en relación al rol del dibujo a mano en los procesos de enseñanza – aprendizaje de disciplinas artísticas y proyectuales en estudiantes pre universitarios de Uruguay. Los datos se obtuvieron en el marco de una Tesis de Maestría y en este artículo se presenta lo constatado dentro de las subcategorías de Dibujo de Observación y Boceto de Ideación. El marco teórico releva antecedentes que demuestran el vínculo entre cognición y percepción visual y fundamenta la complejidad de los procesos cognitivos involucrados en el dibujo a mano. Acorde a los datos obtenidos, se puede concluir que a pesar de que las prácticas mencionadas son altamente valoradas por los docentes entrevistados, la carga horaria dedicada a las mismas ha decrecido dentro de los cursos analizados. Por tanto, en contraste con las ventajas que la destreza en el dibujo a mano aporta tanto al aprendizaje del diseño como al desempeño profesional de los graduados, el mismo ocupa un rol cada vez menos central y prioritario en los cursos de asignaturas artísticas y proyectuales
Obra artística colectiva y etnografía digital:
Authors: Moreno-Domínguez Sofía
Published: July 2023

Me, Myself & I es un proyecto artístico colaborativo en torno a Instagram. Se realizó entre diciembre de 2020 y marzo de 2021. La metodología empleada fue una convocatoria abierta en la que cada usuario/a mandó libremente una captura de pantalla de su post más representativo, junto con un texto explicativo del motivo de selección. Las 126 participaciones muestran la potencia de los códigos inmateriales de las redes sociales a la hora de auto-exhibirnos. Al analizar la imagen personal, se trabajó la percepción comunitaria virtual con cada vez más difusas fronteras entre lo digital y lo terrenal. La investigación contó con el apoyo de las II Becas ESTIBA.
Técnicas de visión artificial y aprendizaje de máquinas para la detección y clasificación de grietas
Authors: Tello Lizeth , Marulanda Johannio , Thomson Peter
Published: July 2023

En los procesos de mantenimiento y rehabilitación de vías, es importante el desarrollo de procedimientos que contribuyan a la evaluación de la condición del pavimento. Los métodos de inspección de la superficie de pavimento que emplean imágenes capturan información permitiendo un análisis cuantitativo. Este documento presenta una metodología para la detección de grietas en el pavimento, mediante la aplicación de técnicas de procesamientos de imágenes y redes neuronales artificiales; está dividido en cuatro etapas: 1. Adquisición de las imágenes, 2. Procesamiento de imágenes, iii. Extracción de características y iv. Clasificación utilizando RNA. La metodología se aplicó para la detección de los deterioros: grieta longitudinal, bache y piel de cocodrilo. La clasificación se realizó mediante una red neuronal MLP con configuración (12 14 3), la cual obtuvo una exactitud de 95,56% y una precisión de 94,44%. La metodología propuesta puede ser útil para las organizaciones gubernamentales en la evaluación de la malla vial.
Modelo de Prótesis Transtibial Funcional: Aquiles.
Authors: Hernandez Marulanda Andres Felipe , Robles Vega Horderlin Vrangel , Areiza Salazar Rosa María , Almanza Romero María Isabel , Gaviria Bustamante Kathelyn Esther , Escobar Mora Nelson Javier
Published: July 2023

En este artículo, se expondrá el diseño de un nuevo modelo de prótesis transtibial,  debido a que surge  la necesidad de crear un mecanismo que simule el comportamiento anatómico de la articulación tibio-peroneo-astragalina, puesto que las prótesis existentes siguen presentado  inconformidades en  su diseño, funcionalidad, confort y estética. En la primera parte se introduce el término de amputación, sus causas e índices en Colombia, posteriormente todo lo relacionado con prótesis transtibial, desde su concepto hasta el desconcierto actual, luego la metodología de investigación utilizada en este proyecto, describiendo paso a paso la creación del prototipo, seguido de una breve comparación del pie protésico propuesto y el anatómico, finalmente la conclusión y discusión.
Panorama de la competitividad y políticas públicas en el sector agropecuario frente a la crisis del COVID-19 en Colombia
Authors: Escobar Quiñonez Edward Enrique , Narváez Sánchez Yury Liceth , Cifuentes-Gonzalez Alba Lucia
Published: July 2023

El objetivo del presente artículo fue verificar el panorama de la competitividad y el diseño y la implementación de las políticas públicas en el sector agropecuario frente a la crisis del COVID-19 en el país. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de literatura con el software Bibliometrix, en bases e índices bibliométricos, así como una revisión de datos de la FAO y documentos de políticas públicas relacionados con el sector agropecuario en Colombia. Dentro de los hallazgos, se reconocen las principales tendencias y desarrollos en el sector agropecuario, y la importancia de implementar políticas públicas efectivas para apoyar y fomentar la competitividad en el sector. Algunas de estas políticas incluyen el fortalecimiento de la investigación y la innovación, el apoyo a la comercialización y exportación de productos, la mejora de la infraestructura y la tecnología, y el fortalecimiento de la educación y capacitación para el sector.
Solipsistic breakthroughs or stymying collectives? Historical duels in August Wilson’s Radio Golf.
Authors: Seda Owen
Published: July 2023

August Wilson’s place among the most significant chroniclers of African American history through the medium of fictional dramatic narratives is certainly not in doubt. Wilson consummated this through a project to write a cycle of ten plays, each one representing a significant moment in every decade of African American experience during the 20th Century. August Wilson’s ten-play cycle constantly dramatises the historical cross-roads at which African Americans have found themselves as they contemplate which path to take on a ceaseless quest to find prosperity and establish enduring identities of the self in post-emancipation America. Wilson’s plays often set up duels between antagonistic forces that represent the conflict between retaining old ground and identities of the past, and the imperative to break with the past and start afresh.

Coming at the end of Wilson’s ten-play cycle, Radio Golf most poignantly represents these historical duels in ways that are reminiscent of the crisis of consciousness that has persistently assailed African Americans in their quest to make the right historical choices during the 20th Century. This crisis of consciousness, so aptly described by William Du Bois as a form of ‘double consciousness’ makes it difficult for African Americans to make an easy choice at these historical cross-roads. Wilson’s Radio Golf, presents this duel using characters who dramatise the conflict between the incipient solipsism of the American Dream and its attendant possibilities for capitalist breakthroughs on the one hand, and on the other a sense of collective history that could potentially stymy individual progress.
Impact of an Industry In The Development of A Rural Area: A Case Study Of Facor in Odisha
Authors: Behera Lopamudra , Chinara Mitali
Published: July 2023

Odisha being a mineral-rich State along with abundant labour force, industrialisation has a fair scope to generate industrial employment, income and economic growth. The current study aims to analyse the impact of FACOR, a Ferro-alloys company, established in one of the rural districts of Odisha. Industries have both backward and forward linkages; they not only create direct employment but are also capable of creating indirect and induced employment. The study has attempted to assess the employment generated by the company, both direct and induced. To study the employment elasticity, a regression analysis has been done, and CAGR has been calculated to know the growth rate. A field survey of the business establishments in the local market was conducted to look at the induced employment created. The study found that though the direct employment generated by the industry is not very satisfactory, it has provided livelihood to many households through induced employment. The study also found that FACOR has undertaken many CSR activities which are helpful to enhance the living standard of the locality.
The Status of Rural Infrastructure: A District Level Study of Maharashtra
Authors: Dash Ranjan Kumar , Chandiramani Jyoti , Miglani Varun , Mukherjee Shrabani , Ghosh Bidyut Kumar
Published: July 2023

Infrastructure is vital for economic growth, industrial development, human development, and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This article constructs a very compressive Rural Development Infrastructure Index covering three dimensions - physical, social, and institutional, using 28 indicators and identifies infrastructure disparities in rural areas across thirty-three districts and eight agricultural divisions of Maharashtra. The results indicate the enormous disparities among districts and divisions in the State. Districts like Sindhudurg, Kolhapur, Satara, Pune and Sangli perform very well. On the other hand, most of the laggard districts are in Marathwada and Vidarbha regions. The disparities are very high among districts within the physical infrastructure compared to social and institutional dimensions. Given the uneven infrastructure development in the State, the authorities need to undertake an infrastructure development programme to reduce infrastructure gaps among districts and regions. Indicators like irrigation facilities, all-weather rural roads and marketing facilities should be emphasised more, particularly in laggard districts such as Osmanabad, Beed, Hingoli, and Parbhani of Marathwada region, and Akola, Yavatmal, and Parbhani of the Vidarbha region.
Transforming Rural Land to Urban – Ethical Considerations in Real Estate Development
Authors: De Sa Anthony , Mandal Satya N. , Bajaj Deepak , Sridharan N.
Published: July 2023

The rural-urban frontier is a constantly shifting one due to a variety of economic and social factors that trigger this transformation in the rural-urban continuum. The most intense changes in the built environment are taking place outside the borders of cities, in rural areas adjacent to them. Real estate development has become the most significant instrument for this transformation. Existing real estate industry ethical codes in India are short on specifics and lack enforceability; a statutory code of ethics could promote best business practices. A schematic diagram is developed to understand the complex interplay of ethical behaviour between agencies in the real estate ecosystem. Drawing on the deliberations of a high-powered focus group as well as a rich all-India sample of 103 respondents covering 15 States, the paper identifies what the various stakeholders perceive as priorities for incorporation in a common code of ethics. The surveyed sample includes 87 professionals and experts (administrators, planners, regulators, lawyers, chartered accountants, bankers, engineers, architects, academicians and researchers), and 16 stakeholder associations (of builders, consumers and realtors). Transparency, promise-keeping, accountability, professional excellence, law-abidance, fairness and integrity are identified as the main characteristics prioritised, but the perspectives of stakeholder segments are nuanced and vary considerably, necessitating a strategic approach towards the drafting of a common ethical code. It is suggested that the All-India Forum of Real Estate Regulatory Authorities is best placed to bring on board all stakeholders in the finalisation of a code of ethics that could get statutory moorings in the RERA Act of 2016.
We Too Are Governments! Decentralisation, Pandemic and Climate Change Challenges
Authors: Kumar Ardra R
Published: July 2023

The book discusses in detail the power and capabilities of local governments in India and how it can be leveraged for a seamless administration. Rich in examples and data from multiple states of India, the compilation carefully evalutes the role ofÂ  decentralisation and its uses at present and in future. The book review presents the important concepts of decentralisation, anecdotes, ways to uplift the administration presented in the book in a nutshell. The success of managing covid-19 pandemic by various panchayats and municipalities, operating community kitchens and the strengths of these decentralised arms of government in effectively tackling climate chnage challenges along with ensuring rural -urban development are presented in a very lucid manner in the book and the same are highlighted in the review. The reviewer mentions in detail certain drawbacks of the book by citing relevant examples thus providing a critical evaluation of the compendium. The book is suited for academicians, students, researchers, and even policy makers. It is compiled in a way so that the layman can also comprehend the importance of decentralisaton and people's participation for a better nation.
SOUSA, Eudoro de. A tragédia grega: origens. Textos traduzidos e comentados. Org. Marcus Mota, Luis Lóia. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília, 2022. 178 pp. ISBN 978-65-5846-116-6. Disponível em: . Acesso em 01 jan. 2023.
Authors: Silva Rafael Guimarães Tavares da
Published: July 2023

Resenha.
Homo eloquens e a ironia nas Filípicas de Cícero
Authors: Abreu Bruna Fernanda
Published: July 2023

As Filípicas de Marco Túlio Cícero, escritas após o assassinato de Júlio César em 15 de março de 44 a.C., trazem em seu conteúdo as tensões políticas e históricas daquele momento, além de evidenciarem o conflito entre o próprio orador e Marco Antônio. Esses discursos consistem, basicamente, na difamação da imagem pública e privada de Marco Antônio e vê-se que o seu ethos é construído de modo negativo, contrapondo-se ao de Cícero. Neste artigo, analisa-se a ironia como uma ferramenta retórica para a construção do ethos do adversário. Ao longo dos discursos, as características negativas têm um significado muito claro ao estarem associadas diretamente a Antônio, contudo, ao citar algo positivo querendo dizer o contrário, o orador apenas reforça o tom de deboche para com a imagem do adversário, fazendo uso da ironia. Isso produz, no discurso, um efeito sobre a imagem de Antônio, mas também sobre a própria caracterização do orador, ou seja, o que Cícero diz sobre Antônio significa muito sobre si mesmo. Afirmar que Antônio é um homo eloquens não é coerente com o objetivo invectivo das Filípicas, mas faz sentido se, na verdade, em vez de tomarmos a expressão literalmente, considerarmos seu estatuto irônico. Sempre pensando que o orador retrata a si próprio e a Antônio como antípodas nas várias facetas da vida privada e pública, podemos, diante da expressão homo eloquens, remeter ao ethos pré-discursivo de Cícero diante de seu público, na ocasião dos discursos reconhecido como o maior orador de Roma.
Economic Analysis on Implementation of Digital Trade Rules
Authors:   Korea International Law Review, Min Hanbit
Published: July 2023

Sectoral agreements between like-minded countries have gained popularity recently due to the necessity to regulate new trade issues such as digital, supply chain, and clean energy in timely-manner, the decline of free trade, and a new cold war between the U.S. and China. Sectoral agreements have comparative advantages over comprehensive trade agreements as they can respond flexibly to rapidly changing trade environments and will be faced with less political burdens. However, these comparative advantages, at the same time, will lead to structural problems especially on ensuring implementations of sectoral agreements, given the absence of market access for goods and services and sophisticated dispute settlement mechanisms. Considering that these structural problems may substantially undermine the durability of sectoral agreements, it is, therefore, of importance to review ways to tackle these structural problems. In this vein, this paper carefully examines the structural problems of sectoral agreements by focusing on rapidly evolving digital trade rules. To begin with, this paper establishes an implementation model for trade agreements, and then points out that under-compliance issues be arisen if there is no implementation mechanism. After that, this paper conducts an economic analysis on retaliation, compensation, reputation cost, and implementation incentive in order to find ways to ensure internationally optimal implementations of digital trade rules and derive legal implications.
Judges Make UNCLOS Part XV
Authors:   Korea International Law Review, Cho Hoon
Published: July 2023

One of the greatest achievements of the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea was the introduction of the compulsory dispute settlement system into the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) as an integral part (Part XV). The introduction of the compulsory jurisdiction system was due to the shared need for comprehensive and effective dispute settlement mechanisms to prevent discretionary interpretation and application of the Convention. Thus, Part XV of UNCLOS maintains the overall balance and holds the whole structure of the Convention.
Recently, the Part XV system of UNCLOS has been at the centre of controversies and debates among academics, which were mostly based on the views that tribunals have vigorously expanded the applicability of compulsory jurisdiction and that contradictions within the case-law have raised an inconsistency problem in interpreting and applying Part XV. However, the current thesis calls such criticisms into question. Instead, this research argues that the judicial findings concerning the compulsory dispute settlement system of UNCLOS can be analysed and assessed through the concept of judicial law-making.
Among the different ways of understanding the concept of judicial law-making, this thesis considers that courts and tribunals may create and shift the normative expectations of other subjects of international law through the interpretation of a treaty. International judicial bodies’ interpretation of a norm in a treaty may inevitably affect all other states parties to the same treaty because their authority as judicial organs enables them to shape the meaning of the law and to make their decisions a reference point for other subjects of international law. In this regard, this thesis argues that judicial law-making may happen when international judicial bodies interpret the provisions of UNCLOS Part XV to find a way to apply the rules to actual cases.
In brief, the present thesis will show what rules Part XV tribunals have created concerning the compulsory dispute settlement procedures of UNCLOS and how this system has developed through the clarification of norms by international adjudication. In this respect, this research will propose a different perspective on the study of the dispute settlement system under UNCLOS and the role of Part XV tribunals.
Revisiting the ICJ’s 1985 Libya/Malta case and the Primacy of the Distance Criterion under the Continental Shelf Regime: Implications and Prospects for the 1974 Korea-Japan Joint Development Agreement and the East China Sea
Authors:   Korea International Law Review, Kim Minchul
Published: July 2023

This article considers the theory of the primacy of the distance criterion over the natural prolongation under the continental shelf regime, which was resulted from the 1985 judgment of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the Libya/Malta case. In addition, an effort is made to suggest the influence on the Japan’s position as to the continental shelf in the East China Sea, including the issue of the 1974 Korea-Japan Joint Development Agreement (JDA), and further, draw implications for Korea and prospects in the East China Sea. The doctrine of the natural prolongation of the land territory suggested in the ICJ’s judgment in the North Sea Continental Shelf cases enabled Korea to conclude the JDA with Japan. However, shortly after, the introduction of the exclusive economic zone regime based on the distance criterion made the natural prolongation doctrine lose its power. Particularly, in the 1985 Libya/Malta case, the ICJ presented a ruling that could be misread as meaning that a State’s natural prolongation entitlement to a continental shelf beyond 200 NM cannot extend within 200 NM of another State. This judgment is presumed to have had some impact on Japan’s passive attitude toward the implementation of the JDA. Japan has taken the position that Korea’s continental shelf claim beyond 200 NM cannot be recognized legally in the East China Sea. However, this theory seems to be very doubtful because it ignores the natural prolongation entitlement without grounds. There was no subsequent case law that explicitly acknowledged the theory. In the ICJ’s pending case concerning the Question of the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf between Nicaragua and Colombia beyond 200 NM from the Nicaraguan Coast, the ICJ is addressing this issue now. In order to prepare for the future of the East China Sea, it is necessary to understand Japan’s relevant legal position and its basis. Moreover, particular attention should be paid to the forthcoming judgment in the abovementioned Nicaragua v. Colombia case.
Incidence, predictors, and impact of acute post-operative pain after cranial neurosurgery: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Sriganesh Kamath , Kramer Boris W. , Wadhwa Archisha , Akash V. S. , Bharadwaj Suparna , Rao G. S. Umamaheswara , Steinbusch Harry W. M. , Konar Subhas K. , Gopalakrishna Kadarapura Nanjundaiah , Sathyaprabha T. N.
Published: July 2023

Objectives:

Pain is common after craniotomy. Its incidence and predictors in developing nations are not adequately studied. We aimed to assess the incidence, predictors, and impact of acute post-operative pain after intracranial neurosurgeries.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective observational study was conducted in adult patients undergoing intracranial neurosurgeries. After patient consent, ethics committee approval, and study registration, we assessed the incidence of post-operative pain using numerical rating scale (NRS) score. Predictors and impact of pain on patient outcomes were also evaluated.

Results:

A total of 497 patients were recruited during 10-month study period. Significant (4–10 NRS score) post-operative pain at any time-point during the first 3 days after intracranial neurosurgery was reported by 65.5% (307/469) of patients. Incidence of significant pain during the 1st post-operative h, on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd post-operative days was 20% (78/391), 50% (209/418), 38% (152/401), and 24% (86/360), respectively. Higher pre-operative NRS score and pain during the 1st h post-operatively, predicted the occurrence of pain during the first 3 days after surgery, P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively. Pain was significantly associated with poor sleep quality on the first 2 post-operative nights (P < 0.001). Patient satisfaction score was higher in patients with post-operative pain, P = 0.002.

Conclusion:

Every two in three patients undergoing elective intracranial neurosurgery report significant pain at some point during the first 3 postoperative days. Pre-operative pain and pain during 1st post-operative h predict the occurrence of significant post-operative pain.
Assessment of onset-to-door time in acute ischemic stroke and factors associated with delay at a tertiary care center in South India
Authors: Anees Ashika , Panicker Praveen , Iype Thomas , Sreelekha K. R.
Published: July 2023

Objectives:

Intravenous thrombolysis is an effective treatment of acute ischemic stroke but has a narrow therapeutic time window of 3–4.5 h. Pre-hospital delay is a major barrier to patients becoming eligible for thrombolysis. This single-center study assessed the factors causing longer onset-to-door (OTD) time to identify measures that will help decrease the delay.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting to the emergency department from August to October 2022 were included in the study. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire and was completed by interviewing the patient or the caregivers. Patients were classified as early and late arrivers with the cutoff being 3.5 h. We then analyzed the relationship between early arrival and demographic factors, clinical factors, patient response factors, and logistic factors.

Results:

Our study consisted of 153 patients. The average OTD time was 674.33 ± 812.713 min (median: 300; interquartile range: 151–885). The pre-hospital delay was present in 66% of patients. 16.9% of patients came beyond 24 h. In the multivariate analysis, the odds of early arrival were higher among patients who perceived their symptoms as serious (odds ratio [OR]: 18.801; confidence interval [CI]: 3.728–94.803) and lower among patients who experienced a delay in reaching due to traffic (OR: 0.085; CI: 0.008–0.873). Lack of knowledge about stroke centers among both patients and health professionals also contributed to longer OTD times. Out of 52 early arrivers, 24 received thrombolytic therapy after excluding wake-up strokes and contraindications.

Conclusion:

Pre-hospital delay continues to stand in the way of patients receiving thrombolysis. Comprehensive stroke education, increasing awareness regarding stroke centers, and promoting ambulance services are some of the interventions which could help tackle the issue.
Resective epilepsy surgery in a limited-resource settings: A cohort from a multi-disciplinary epilepsy team in a developing country
Authors: Hamdi Hussein , Kishk Nirmeen , Shamloul Reham , Moawad Mona K. , Baghdadi Micheal , Rizkallah Mina , Nawito Amani , Mohammad Mohammad Edrees , Nazmi Hatem , Nasr Yasser Mohamed , Waly Salwa Hassan , Elshahat Mo’men , Magdy Rehab , Othman Alshimaa S. , Nafea Hesham , Fouad Amro M , Elantably Ismail , Rizk Haytham , Elsayyad Enas , Morsy Ahmed A.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Multidisciplinary pre-surgical evaluation is vital for epilepsy surgery decision and outcomes. Resective epilepsy surgery with assisted monitoring is currently a standard treatment for focal drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). In resource-limited countries, lack of epilepsy surgery center is a huge challenge. We presented and illustrated how to create a multidisciplinary protocol with resource-limited settings in a developing country and epilepsy surgery outcome using brain mapping and monitoring techniques for ensuring satisfactory resection.

Methods:

We created multicentric incomplete but complementary units covering all epilepsy-related sub-specialties and covering a wide geographical area in our country. Then, we conducted a prospective and multicentric study with low resource settings on patients with focal DRE, who underwent resective epilepsy surgery and were followed up for at least 12 months and were evaluated for postoperative seizure outcome and complications if present. Preoperative comprehensive clinical, neurophysiological, neuropsychological, and radiological evaluations were performed by multidisciplinary epilepsy team. Intraoperative brain mapping including awake craniotomy and direct stimulation techniques, neurophysiological monitoring, and electrocorticography was carried out during surgical resection.

Results:

The study included 47 patients (18 females and 29 males) with mean age 20.4 ± 10.02 years. Twenty-two (46.8%) patients were temporal epilepsy while 25 (53.2%) were extra-temporal epilepsy. The epilepsy surgery outcome at the last follow up was Engel Class I (seizure free) in 35 (74.5%), Class II (almost seizure free) in 8 (17%), Class III (worthwhile improvement) in 3 (6.4%), and Class IV (no worthwhile improvement) in 1 patient (2.1%).

Conclusion:

With low resource settings and lack of single fully equipped epilepsy center, favorable outcomes after resective surgery in patients with focal DRE could be achieved using careful presurgical multidisciplinary selection, especially with using intraoperative brain mapping and electrocorticography techniques.
Visual-evoked potential predicts the efficacy of the optical canal decompression for traumatic optic nerve neuropathy showing blindness: A case report
Authors: Otsu Yusuke , Komaki Satoru , Takeshige Nobuyuki , Sakata Kiyohiko , Morioka Motohiro
Published: July 2023

Background:

The indication for surgical optic canal decompression (OCD) for traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) remains controversial because there is no reliable predictor of a good outcome. We report the case of a blind patient with TON whose remaining visual-evoked potential (VEP) suggested recovery potential of the injured optic nerve after OCD.

Case Description:

A 48-year-old man had fallen from a height of 7 m, striking his head. He immediately complained of right-eye blindness. He had no light perception and the direct light reflex disappeared from the right pupil, although there was no fracture or traumatic lesion on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Because the amplitude of the VEP with the right eye stimulation remained unchanged, we performed the right OCD. During surgical OCD, the amplitude and latency of VEP began to improve. Finally, the visual field improved in almost all directions, and eyesight improved to 0.2.

Conclusion:

The retained VEP activity in TON may suggest the recovery potential of the injured optic nerve, even in cases of blindness. It is possible that VEP is an indicator of aggressive treatment for TON such as OCD.