bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Far Up the River? Criminal Justice Contact and Health Outcomes
Authors: Fernandes April D.
Published: August 2019

Research has shown negative health outcomes from felony imprisonment. The conditions that create and exacerbate physical and mental health outcomes on the felony side—exposure to disease, lack of health care, and stress—are reflected in other less severe forms of criminal justice contact. Given that the low-level contact has grown along with prison incarceration, the health effects of less severe forms of criminal justice contact should be investigated. Using 10 waves from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 ([NLSY97), this project explores the impact on self-reported physical and mental health from the continuum of contact, namely, an arrest, conviction, and jail sentence. The results show that low-level forms of contact negatively affect both physical and mental health throughout the continuum of contact. The role of the type of conviction is investigated, providing a more nuanced understanding of how points of contact operate on essential outcomes such as physical and mental health.
Excellence in the Design and Delivery of an Online Global Health Survey Course: A Roadmap for Educators
Authors: Hawks Steven R. , Judd Hailey A.
Published: August 2019

The release of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in 2016, the growing use of online delivery formats for public health education, and the urgent need to train an expanding global health workforce all reflect the need to adopt best practices in the design and delivery of online global health courses. The purpose of this coaching article is to share peer-to-peer strategies and best practices for developing a global health survey course for online delivery. Important elements for consideration include the use of a backward design approach, global health competency review and selection, the scope and sequencing of key content areas, meaningful assessments of competency mastery, the development of authentic learning strategies, the potential use of open educational resources, and strategies for ongoing course evaluation and refinement. A backward course design, with well-selected content domains and competencies, opens the way for the development of the best possible learning experiences that are consistent with national benchmarks for online course development. The use of this strategy has resulted in a much keener sense of course “ownership” on our part, along with enhanced learning experiences and satisfaction for students.
Sharing confidential health data for research purposes in the UK: where are ‘publics’ in the public interest?
Authors: Sorbie Annie
Published: August 2019

In this article I respond to the tendency of the law to approach ‘the public interest’ as a legal test, thereby drawing the criticism that this narrow notion of what purports to be in the public interest is wholly disconnected from the views of actual publics, and lacks social legitimacy. On the other hand, to simply extrapolate outputs from public engagement work into policy (or indeed law) is equally problematic, and risks being at best ineffective and at worst reinforcing existing inequalities. Given this apparent disconnect between these conceptions of the public interest, and the shortfalls inherent in each, this article scrutinises this disjuncture. I argue that the application of a processual lens to the construction of the legal and regulatory role of the public interest sheds light on how legal notions of the public interest, and attitudes of actual publics towards data sharing, might be reconciled. I characterise this processual approach as being iterative and flexible, specifically drawing attention to the way that multiple actors, processes and interests interact, change and evolve over time in the health research endeavour. This approach is elaborated through two case studies that illustrate how the public interest appears in law (broadly conceived). Its application provides novel insights into the ways in which the public interest can be crafted within and beyond the law to better inform the development of health research regulation.
Peningkatan Stabilitas Lereng Lapisan Tanah Liat Penahan Lindi TPA dengan Penambahan Limbah Bangunan
Authors: Budihardjo Mochamad Arief
Published: August 2019

Liner merupakan komponen terpenting dalam fasilitas tempat pengolahan akhir (TPA) sampah  untuk mencegah lindi mencemari tanah. Bahan yang sering digunakan sebagai liner adalah tanah lempung yang memiliki permeabilitas rendah. Salah satu tanah lempung alami yang dapat digunakan sebagai liner TPA adalah bentonit. Bentonit memiliki permeabilitas yang sangat rendah, namun stabilitas gesernya tidak begitu kuat sehingga berpotensi mengalami keruntuhan apabila digunakan di daerah lereng.Di sisi lain, limbah bangunan yang berupa pecahan batu bata, campuran pasir dan semen, serta beton memiliki kuat geser yang tinggi dan berpotensi sebagai campuran bentonit. Pada penelitian ini, limbah bangunan sebanyak 5%, 10%, dan 15% ditambahkan pada bentonit untuk meningkatkan kekuatan geser bentonit sehingga didapatkan campuran bahan semi kedap dengan stabilitas yang lebih tinggi dan permeabilitas rendah. Hasil uji stabilitas geser yang dilakukan pada tegangan normal  50 kPa , 100 kPa, dan 200 kPa menunjukkan bahwa semakin meningkatnya konsentrasi campuran bahan bangunan, maka semakin meningkat pula nilai tegangan geser yang dihasilkan
Zinc deficiency in Japanese children with idiopathic short stature
Authors: Yoshida Kei , Urakami Tatsuhiko , Kuwabara Remi , Morioka Ichiro
Published: August 2019

Background and methods

We investigated the frequency of zinc deficiency in Japanese children with idiopathic short stature, and evaluated whether serum zinc levels correlated with background factors, including age and standard deviation scores (SDSs) for height and serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels. The study subjects consisted of 89 Japanese children.

Results

The mean serum zinc level was 79 ± 12 (49–108) μg/dL. Of all the children, 48.3% had a low zinc level, in the 60–80 μg/dL range, and 6.7% had zinc deficiency with a zinc level below 60 μg/dL. The majority with a low zinc level and zinc deficiency were asymptomatic other than for short stature. We found no significant correlations of serum zinc with age, or the SDSs for height and serum IGF-1 levels, in either the entire subject population or those with a zinc level below 80 μg/dL.

Conclusions

We found a low zinc level to be common in Japanese children with idiopathic short stature, whereas actual zinc deficiency was rare. However, other as yet unknown mechanisms not associated with the growth hormone (GH)-IGF-1 axis could be involved in growth retardation in idiopathic short stature.
Late Pleistocene and Holocene distribution history of the Eurasian beaver in Italy
Authors: Salari Leonardo , Masseti Marco , Silvestri Letizia
Published: August 2019

The genus Castor first appeared in the Palaearctic region during the Late Miocene, while the current species, Castor fiber, is widely accepted to have emerged in the Early Pleistocene. In the Last Glacial Maximum (Late Pleistocene), the beaver disappeared from most of the Western Palaearctic, only surviving in a few relic areas including the south-eastern Alpine Chain as shown by new data. After the subsequent extended repopulation in the warmer phases of the Lateglacial and in the early Holocene, the species once again disappeared locally from several countries, including Italy, between the 17th and the 20th centuries. Direct or indirect persecution by humans seems to be the main cause of beaver extinction in Europe. In Low Medieval Italy, it is more likely that the disappearance of the beaver between the 16th and 17th centuries was due to habitat alteration and human population pressure. Numerous reclamations have been carried out since the late Middle Ages, mostly in the easternmost area of the Po Valley, the last beaver refuge in Italy. Eurasian beaver was common in the northern and widespread in the central part of Italy, but always absent in southern Italy, probably due to unfavourable hydrological conditions of watercourses in the latter.
Green marketing orientation: evolution, conceptualization and potential benefits
Authors: Vilkaite-Vaitone Neringa , Skackauskiene Ilona
Published: August 2019

Global economic fluctuation, post-Brexit challenges, changes in the landscape of corporate social responsibility are pushing managers to build sustainability into the performance of marketing mix. Traditional marketing is no longer able to address all the issues in modern markets. This led to green marketing, a new marketing philosophy. The paper provides researchers and marketing managers with a comprehensive view of the concept of green marketing, its causes, contents, and outcomes. Authors suggest a structured and outcome-based viewpoint to the construct of green marketing. Theoretical presumptions confirm structuration of green marketing initiatives to strategic, tactical, and operational levels. It was found out that cohesive marketing activities in these levels have the crucial impact of green marketing in organizational, environmental, and social contexts. Strategic, tactical, and operational activities in the field of green marketing may lead to business development, improvement of the natural ecosystem, and increased quality of life. The findings of the research present opportunities for researchers and managers to apply green marketing orientation.
Untersuchungen an Systemen des Typs PCl3/MCl3/Aren (M = Al, Ga), I. Reaktionen mit Monohalogenbenzolen; Multikern-NMR-spektroskopische Charakterisierung von Aryldichlorhydrogenphosphoniumsalzen; Struktur des para-Fluorphenyldichlorphosphonium-tetrachloroaluminats
Authors: Frank Walter , Gelhausen Björn , Reiß Guido J. , Salzer Risto
Published: August 2019

The reactions of the monohalobenzenes with AlCl3 (GaCl3) and PCl3 have been monitored by 31P NMR spectroscopy. Primary product of the reaction with fluorobenzene and AlCl3 is the thermolabile para-fluorophenyldichlorophosphonium tetrachloroaluminate, which was characterized by 1H, 13C, 19F, 27Al and 31P NMR spectroscopy as well as by a crystal structure analysis (space group P21/c, a = 7.0720(10), b = 12.659(3), c = 15.413(3) Å, ß = 90.93(3)°, Z = 4, T = -110 °C). For the phosphonium ion we found a very good agreement of the experimental structural parameters and those obtained by ab initio quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP 6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. Both, the experimentally determined and the calculated structure show a significant chinoid distortion of the para-disubstituted benzene ring. From the primary product the reaction proceeds to give exclusively para-fluorophenyl-(phenyl)dichlorophosphonium tetrachloroaluminate. With GaCl3 and fluorobenzene analogous tetrachlorogallates were observed, however, some by-products were recognized: para-ftuorophenylchlorofluorophosphonium and para-fluorophenyldifluorophosphonium tetrachlorogallate at the beginning of the reaction, bis(para-fluorophenyl)chlorophosphonium tetrachlorogallate at a later stage of the reaction. The reaction of chlorobenzene with PCl3 and AlCl3 yields analogous products as compared to the reaction with fluorobenzene. However, appreciable amounts of ortho- and some meta-chlorophenyldichlorophosphonium tetrachloroaluminate are by-products. If GaCl3 is used instead of AlCl3, numerous by-products and reaction intermediates are detectable. The major one is para-chlorophenyldihydrogenchlorophosphonium tetrachlorogallate. No principal differences were observed, when AlCl3 and GaCl3, respectively, reacted with bromobenzene and PCl3 giving phenylbromodichlorophosphonium and para-bromophenylbromodichlorophosphonium salts as well as some amounts of the ortho- and meta-bromophenyl derivatives. With iodobenzene the corresponding reactions exclusively give phenyldichloroiodophosphonium tetrachloroaluminate and -gallate, respectively.
Aumento das internações por uso de drogas de abuso: destaque para mulheres e idosos
Authors: Rodrigues Thamires Fernandes Cardoso da Silva , Oliveira Rosana Rosseto de , Decesaro Maria das Neves , Mathias Thais Aidar de Freitas
Published: August 2019

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a tendência das taxas de internação por transtornos mentais e comportamentais devido ao uso de drogas no Brasil. Métodos Estudo ecológico de séries temporais, das internações de residentes no Brasil, no período de 2005 a 2015, registradas no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde. Realizou-se análise de tendência e diferença relativa das taxas, por triênios extremos e do modelo de regressão polinomial para todo o período. Resultados As taxas de internação por uso de drogas aumentaram em média 0,96 ao ano, com declínio após o ano de 2012. A região Norte exibiu tendência crescente para ambos os sexos (0,56 ao ano) e na região Nordeste, o sexo masculino apresentou tendência decrescente (-0,33 ao ano). Em relação às mulheres, houve aumento das taxas em todas as faixas etárias. Detectou-se aumento nas taxas de internação entre idosos, e a região Norte apresentou diferença relativa mais expressiva (4,7 para homens e 2,7 para mulheres). Conclusão A tendência das taxas de internação devidas ao uso de drogas mostrou-se crescente, com queda da curva de tendência apenas ao final do período. As mulheres e os idosos tiveram aumento das taxas de internação em relação aos períodos iniciais e finais da amostra.
Refugees, resettlement experiences and mental health: a systematic review of case studies
Authors: Bulik Karin Juliane Duvoisin , Colucci Erminia
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT Objective In 2017 the number of refugees around the world reached 25.4 million. These people make up one of the most vulnerable populations globally. This study aims to understand the strategies refugees used to cope with the impact on their mental health by the difficult pre- and post-resettlement circumstances they encountered. Methods A systematic review of articles reporting case studies concerning adult refugees’ experiences in the hosting country. The electronic databases searched were: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. Eligible manuscripts were examined through a narrative synthesis. Results Twenty-two articles fitted the inclusion criteria and four main themes were highlighted: reasons for fleeing; the impact of negative experiences on mental health; supportive experiences and coping strategies; and experiences of mental health treatment. Conclusions Refugees present a significant impact on mental health due to pre- and post-migration experiences. The approach offered to this group and reported as the most effective to deal with such an impact was the multidimensional approach that, besides caring for the psychic aspects, contemplated the cultural context of each one, assisted in housing, employment, financial aid, support with learning the new language and social activities.
Prevalence of falls and associated factors in community-dwelling older Brazilians: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elias Filho José , Borel Wyngrid Porfirio , Diz Juliano Bergamaschine Mata , Barbosa Alexandre Wesley Carvalho , Britto Raquel Rodrigues , Felício Diogo Carvalho
Published: August 2019

Falls determine huge epidemiological, clinical, and economic burden in the older population worldwide, presenting high odds of severe disability. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of falls and associated factors in older Brazilians using a systematic review with meta-analysis. Searches were performed in SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO databases with no date or language restrictions. Studies on community-dwelling older persons aged ≥ 60 years from both sexes and with a sample size of ≥ 300 participants included. Exclusion criteria were studies conducted specifically for older adults diagnosed with chronic disabling diseases that predispose them to falls. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using a critical appraisal tool focusing on prevalence designs. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the prevalence of falls across studies. Exploratory analysis was conducted examining subgroup estimates, prevalence ratios and meta-regression. Thirty-seven studies involving 58,597 participants were included. Twelve-month prevalence of falls was 27% (95%CI: 24.3-30.0), with significantly higher estimates in female than male (PR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.32-1.86), in age group ≥ 80 years than age group 60-69 years (PR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.15-1.84), and in participants from the Central region than participants from the South region (PR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.10-1.69) of Brazil. Risk of bias scores did not impact heterogeneity in the 12-month meta-analysis. These estimates strongly support evidence-based public interventions to prevent falls in older Brazilians, especially in women and the oldest-old population.
A influência das informações da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde sobre a estimativa atual e a trajetória do aleitamento materno exclusivo no Brasil
Authors: Rinaldi Ana Elisa Madalena , Conde Wolney Lisboa
Published: August 2019

Nosso propósito foi discutir a consistência da estimativa dos indicadores do aleitamento materno na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) e suas implicações para a análise da trajetória destes indicadores entre 1986 e 2013. A principal limitação para a estimativa atual (2013) dos indicadores de aleitamento materno com base na PNS e sua trajetória (1986-2013) é a ausência da data de entrevista nos microdados, comprometendo o cálculo exato da idade. Estudos prévios mostraram cenários distintos do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) baseando-se na PNS: 36,6% (estabilização da prevalência em comparação com 2006 [Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde - PNDS]) e 20,3% (retrocesso da prevalência). Simulações de data da entrevista utilizando data da coleta de dados da PNS (agosto/2013 a fevereiro/2014) nos indicaram variação de prevalência de 25,3% a 42,8% (AME); 54% a 61,5% (aleitamento materno) e 32,7 a 40,5% (aleitamento materno), respectivamente. A divergência de cenário apresentado no status do aleitamento materno nos desperta para a inviabilidade de estimativa do AME em 2013 na ausência de esclarecimento da data da entrevista.
Tendência do número de vítimas em acidentes de trânsito nas rodovias federais brasileiras antes e depois da Década de Ação pela Segurança no Trânsito
Authors: Andrade Flávia Reis de , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira
Published: August 2019

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a tendência do número de mortos, feridos graves e feridos leves por acidentes de trânsito nas rodovias federais brasileiras, segundo macrorregião, antes e depois do início da Década de Ação pela Segurança no Trânsito (DAST). Trata-se de estudo de séries temporais interrompidas com dados sobre acidentes com vítimas, fatais ou feridas, disponibilizados pela Polícia Rodoviária Federal para o período de 2007 a 2017. Utilizou-se o método de Prais-Winsten para o cálculo da variação percentual mensal (VPM) do número de mortos, feridos graves e feridos leves. Antes da DAST, havia uma tendência de aumento mensal do número de mortos nesses acidentes no país (VPM de 0,71%) e em todas as regiões, com destaque para o Sul (VPM de 1,01%) e Centro-oeste (VPM de 0,84%). Verificou-se tendência inversa após o início da DAST, com diminuição significante no Brasil (VPM de -1,24%) e macrorregiões. Para cada pessoa que morre em um acidente em rodovia federal, há, pelo menos, 12 outras, em média, que sofrem lesões não fatais. Houve tendência de aumento do número de vítimas com ferimentos graves (VPM de 0,53%) e leves (VPM de 0,8%) no Brasil e nas macrorregiões no período que antecedeu a DAST. Após a introdução da DAST, houve uma tendência de diminuição nas frequências absolutas significantes desses desfechos nos níveis nacional e regional. Conclui-se que, antes da DAST, houve tendência de aumento mensal do número de vítimas fatais e feridas por acidentes de trânsito nas rodovias federais. Após o início da DAST, em 2011, observou-se tendência inversa, ou seja, de declínio desses desfechos nos locais estudados.
“Um bombeiro pede socorro!”: socialização, treinamento e sofrimento na formação do bombeiro militar
Authors: FRANÇA Fábio Gomes de , RIBEIRO Luziana Ramalho
Published: August 2019

Resumo Objetivamos, neste artigo, compreender a relação que se estabelece entre a cultura militarista e processos de socialização baseados no sofrimento na formação do bombeiro militar. Para tanto, tomamos como exemplo paradigmático o caso da morte de um aluno soldado bombeiro militar, ocorrido em 2016 na cidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Com base em uma pesquisa qualitativa e documental, incluindo levantamento histórico da literatura sobre o tema e da legislação sobre a organização dos bombeiros militares no Brasil, entre outros documentos, analisamos o relatório final do Inquérito Policial Civil (IPC) realizado, o qual apontou a prática de tortura por parte de uma instrutora (uma Tenente) de salvamento aquático. Concluímos que uma pedagogia baseada no sofrimento físico e psíquico encontrada nas Forças Armadas e Polícias Militares também faz parte da formação do bombeiro militar, a qual não deve ter por objetivo os ideais da guerra.
Laicidade do Estado: dimensões analítico-conceituais e suas estruturas normativas de funcionamento
Authors: SILVA Luis Gustavo Teixeira da
Published: August 2019

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os diferentes padrões e sentidos do conceito de laicidade do Estado, enquanto princípio político regente das democracias ocidentais, cuja função é assegurar e estabelecer parâmetros de convivência entre convicções morais dissonantes vigentes nas sociedades contemporâneas. Para isso, na primeira seção elaboramos uma definição de laicidade do Estado a partir de seus pressupostos conceituais, históricos e suas dimensões normativas de funcionamento. Na seção seguinte explicitamos as diferenças entre laicidade e secularização, já que questões terminológicas e analíticas tendem a aproximar estes fenômenos e conceitos que, de certo modo, atuam sobre um mesmo plano, todavia são muito distintos. Na última seção realizamos uma análise conceitual das duas principais correntes teóricas, explorando suas peculiaridades e suas aproximações, sobretudo no estabelecimento de um vínculo intrínseco entre democracia e laicidade do Estado.
WATER MANAGEMENT: CONSTRAINTS TO AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF BRAZILIAN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES1
Authors: TRINDADE LARISSA DE LIMA , SCHEIBE LUIZ FERNANDO
Published: August 2019

Abstract This study discusses the main contributions and limitations to the performance of Brazilian Watershed Management Committees. Two integrative reviews of the literature were conducted that revealed that most of these committees are failing to contribute effectively to the purposes for which they were created. This is mainly due to: lack of support from the state; the non-implementation of management instruments and the low participation of municipal and state public authorities and of civil society in these spaces. The committees have made contributions in environmental education and by allowing greater social participation in decisions about water management.
ORGANIZATIONAL IRRESPONSIBILITIES OR ABSENCE OF TERRITORIAL GOVERNANCE? REFLECTIONS ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE MINAS-RIO PROJECT
Authors: PEREIRA DENISE DE CASTRO , SIFFERT PAULO VITOR , GENEROSO PATRÍCIA , GUIMARÃES LILIANE DE OLIVEIRA , GENTIL PAULA PESSOA DE CASTRO
Published: August 2019

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyse social and organizational dimensions of the environmental licensing and implementation process of the mining project Minas-Rio, discussing methodological and managerial frailties highlighted by the accumulation of reports regarding irregularities, socioenvironmental conflicts, and flaws in the venture’s masterplan. This situation reveals authoritarian systems of business management and territorial governance, which fail to sustain local development, subjecting families to the disruption of their traditional livelihood. In 10 years (2007-2017) following the case, qualitative methods - participative techniques - were used to collect data, allowing the comprehension of the environmental licensing processes, negotiations and conflicting clashes between actors. It was observed that tools for public corporate planning did not prove to be able to guarantee the management of the impacts on water resources: watercourses had springs and stretches trapped and communities declared themselves affected by the water drying and pollution, being assisted only with precarious supply solutions.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS AT SÃO PAULO MACROMETROPOLIS: PARANAPIACABA AND SÃO SEBASTIÃO
Authors: TORRES PEDRO HENRIQUE CAMPELLO , RAMOS RUTH FERREIRA , GONÇALVES LEANDRA REGINA
Published: August 2019

Abstract The objective of this paper is to analyze two cases of environmental conflicts in the region of Macrometropolis Paulista related to territorial development on the installation of large logistics enterprises, seeing how they fit into the logic of planning and vision of the state as well as the reactions of civil society to impacts that such projects bring with them. In Latin America, the urbanization process from the second half of the twentieth century produced the formation of large cities such as São Paulo, Mexico City and Santiago, for example. From the 2000s, a new urban phenomenon has received attention of planners and researchers: the urban territorial expansion of the metropolis and the formation of this territory as a city-region. The question here is how this metropolitan expansion is related to natural resources and the tensions inherent in the contemporary production process space.
PERCEPTION OF HARMS AND BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH MARIJUANA USE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN ST KITTS-NEVIS - CARIBE
Authors: Gray-Phillip Gaile , Brands Bruna
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: this investigation examined adolescents’ perception of the harms and benefits of marijuana use and how regulatory changes may affect their intent to use marijuana. Method: this cross-sectional survey gathered data from 268 15 to 17 years old students who were enrolled in public secondary schools in St Kitts-Nevis - Caribe. Results: forty five percent of the students perceive that there is no risk if marijuana is smoked once or twice. One out of every 4 students felt that there is great risk if marijuana is used regularly. About half of the students felt that marijuana helps persons their age to cope with emotional difficulties. Students who have used marijuana have a low perception of the risks associated with marijuana use and are seven times more likely to continue using marijuana, if it were legal and they were 18 years of age. Conclusion: most of the students perceive that there is no personal harm associated with smoking marijuana. Students are not sure whether the benefits of using marijuana are greater than the risks. A noticeable proportion of students were unsure of the harms and benefits associated with marijuana use. It is recommended that suitable educational and preventative programmes be implemented in schools.
ASSESSING COMPETITION IN BRAZIL’S ELECTRICITY MARKET IF BID-BASED DISPATCH WERE ADOPTED
Authors: Hochstetler Richard L. , Cho João D.
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT Market simulation, based on structural characteristics, is a useful tool for ex-ante competition analysis of major market changes, such as: market liberalization, mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, and regulatory reforms. In this paper, Cournot-Nash simulation is used to evaluate the expected market equilibrium if the Brazilian electricity market were liberalized. A sensitivity analysis is utilized to evaluate how the market equilibrium is impacted by different factors, such as: different demand price elasticities, divestiture of the dominant market player, different initial equilibrium point and different hydro inflow scenarios.
LENIENCY AND COOPERATION PROGRAMS IN BRAZIL: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FROM 1994 TO 2014
Authors: Lima Fernanda Mariana da Silva , Salgado Lucia Helena , Fiuza Eduardo Pedral Sampaio
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT Leniency and cooperation programs are considered important instruments to assist in the effectiveness of the antitrust policy and they are designed to attend the following purposes: in the short run to facilitate detection of cartels and in the long run to destabilize existing cartels and deter the appearance of new ones. This study aims to analyze empirically whether the Brazilian leniency program has been achieving these goals. To this end, it tests the hypotheses developed by Brenner (2009) to assess the effectiveness of the EU leniency program.
Lukács: a reviravolta dos anos 1930 e a adoção da ontologia como expressão da filosofia de Marx
Authors: Castro Rogério
Published: August 2019

Resumo O presente artigo visa apresentar o impacto que as mudanças no pensamento do filósofo György Lukács no começo dos anos 1930 tiveram no transcurso do seu itinerário intelectual. Além de destacar o sentido de toda a sua produção pós-1930, o texto intenta mostrar como - e por quais razões - o Lukács da maturidade irá adotar a palavra ontologia para expressar o substancial da filosofia de Marx.
Conflitos socioambientais no Nordeste brasileiro: tema de interesse para o Serviço Social
Authors: Araújo Nailsa Maria Souza , Mendonça Érica da Silva , Costa Jane Mara de Araujo , Silva Jociane Pinheiro da
Published: August 2019

Resumo O objetivo do texto é apresentar parte dos dados encontrados na pesquisa que versou sobre a caracterização do quadro atual dos conflitos socioambientais no Nordeste brasileiro como parte das expressões da questão ambiental e seu enfrentamento na contemporaneidade. Esses conflitos são apontados como novos desafios à área de conhecimento do Serviço Social. Tratou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de tipo exploratória. Mostramos o crescimento significativo dos conflitos na região estudada; a terra como um dos principais recursos ambientais em disputa; e quem são os principais sujeitos políticos envolvidos nesses conflitos, tanto representantes do capital quanto do trabalho. Concluímos que o modelo de desenvolvimento econômico vigente é constitutivo e constituinte do quadro preocupante identificado, pois se sustenta na reprimarização da economia nacional, na recolocação do País no circuito de produção das commodities, aprofundando o lugar associado, dependente e desigual que historicamente lhe foi designado no bojo do mercado mundial capitalista.
Are nurses updated on the proper management of patients with sepsis?
Authors: Goulart Layala de Souza , Ferreira Júnior Marcos Antonio , Sarti Elaine Cristina Fernandes Baez , Sousa Álvaro Francisco Lopes de , Ferreira Adriano Menis , Frota Oleci Pereira
Published: August 2019

Abstract Objective: To evaluate nurses' knowledge about the definitions of Sepsis-3 and updates to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out from July to August 2018, with 30 nurses from four wards of a large university hospital. For data collection, we created, structured, and validated a questionnaire composed of socio-demographic/occupational data and knowledge test. Results: Only 16.6% of the professionals received in-service training on the subject. There was no implementation of sepsis protocols in the institution, although 96.6% of the participants considered their implementation necessary. Professionals aged ≥35 years old had a higher level of knowledge about the new definition of sepsis (p=0.042). The knowledge about volume resuscitation (p=0.001) and use of vasopressors (p=0.025) was greater in those with ≥10.5 years of experience in the profession. Nurses from the clinical units presented a higher level of knowledge about the organic dysfunctions caused by sepsis (p=0.025). Conclusion and implications for the practice: Nurses do not have satisfactory knowledge for the proper identification, treatment, and clinical management of sepsis. There is a need for greater professional, institutional, and political incentives to implement a permanent education and the sepsis protocol.
A percepção dos médicos sobre as dimensões da violência obstétrica e/ou institucional
Authors: Sens Maristela Muller , Stamm Ana Maria Nunes de Faria
Published: August 2019

A violência obstétrica/institucional (VO/VI) é um assunto de discussão atual no Brasil e no mundo. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a percepção de médicos que prestam assistência ao parto em uma maternidade pública humanizada no sul do Brasil a respeito desta temática. Com base epistemológica qualitativa, a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário de perguntas abertas aplicado a 23 profissionais. A VO/VI foi analisada pelo método de análise de conteúdo e categorizada nas dimensões individual, institucional e relação humana. A primeira acontece na prática desatualizada, na negligência e nas condutas influenciadas pela judicialização da Medicina; a segunda refere-se às condições de trabalho e de infraestrutura, sobressaindo a falta de vagas e de analgesia e as inadequações da ambiência; e a última aparece na assimetria da relação humana e da relação médico-paciente quando há divergência de opinião na tomada de decisão.
Integração ensino-serviço: experiência potencializada pelo Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde – Eixo Educação Permanente
Authors: Garcia Sandra de Oliveira , Sampaio Juliana , Costa Carla Rossana de Lima , Diniz Rejane Soares , Araújo Thamiris Aragão de
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é relatar as experiências do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) em uma maternidade pública de João Pessoa, Paraíba (PB), Brasil, pontuando as ações desenvolvidas na integração ensino-serviço. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, acerca da vivência do grupo PET-Saúde no desenvolvimento de oficinas problematizadoras com os trabalhadores, voltadas à temática da educação permanente. Temas como humanização do cuidado, integração ensino-serviço e necessidade de espaços formativos para os profissionais foram discutidos. Como desdobramento, o PET sugeriu a pactuação de uma nova dinâmica para funcionamento do Centro de Estudos da instituição e criação de um informativo para potencializar a comunicação institucional. Nota-se que a inserção do PET-Saúde no serviço possibilitou a construção de novos processos formativos, orientados na perspectiva da educação permanente.
Association between endoscopic findings and histopathological confirmation in patients with suspicion of eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: BARBOSA João Paulo Cândido , TAVARES Paulo Roberto Veras , AGUIAR Priscilla Mariana Freitas , FRANCO Luciano Monteiro , NOBRE-e-SOUZA Miguel Ângelo , SOUZA Marcellus Henrique Loiola Ponte
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is performed by the detection of 15 or more eosinophils per field in an esophageal biopsy sample, but the endoscopic findings alone are not validated for a diagnosis of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the endoscopic findings and histopathological diagnosis in patients with suspected EoE in endoscopy. METHODS: A retrospective study of 24 patients with suspicion of EoE during endoscopy was held. The information was collected from databases of Endoscopy and Pathology services of the Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Universidade Federal do Ceará, from March 2012 to April 2018. The patients were divided into a group with positive biopsy (>15 Eosinophils/field, N=8) and a group with negative biopsy (<15 Eosinophils/field, N=16), and the endoscopic findings were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: From a total of 24 patients, 79.1% had longitudinal grooves, 20.8% white exudates, 33.3% mucosal pallor or loss of vascularity and 45.8% had more than one endoscopic finding. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the evaluation of the finding of mucosal pallor or decreased vasculature alone among the groups. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the presence of more than one endoscopic findings for the diagnosis of EoE was 54% and 84%, respectively. CONCLUSION: There was a low association between the presence of endoscopic findings and histopathological confirmation of the disease, which indicates that endoscopic findings alone are not reliable for the diagnosis of EoE.
CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF ARIPIPRAZOLE ON MKN45 AND NIH3T3 CELL LINES AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS ON HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: SHOKRZADEH Mohammad , MOHAMMADPOUR Abbas , MODANLOO Mona , HASSANI Melika , BARGHI Nasrin Ghassemi , NIROOMAND Parisa
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is known as the fourth most common cancer. Current treatments for cancer have damaged the sensitive tissues of the healthy body, and in many cases, cancer will be recurrent. Therefore, need for treatments that are more effective is well felt. Researchers have recently shifted their attention towards antipsychotic dopamine antagonists to treat cancer. The anticancer activities of aripiprazole remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole on gastric cancer and normal cell lines. METHODS: In this regard, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of aripiprazole were investigated in MKN45 and NIH3T3 cell lines by methyl tetrazolium assay and on peripheral blood lymphocytes by micronucleus assay. For this purpose, cells were cultured in 96 wells plate. Stock solutions of aripiprazole and cisplatin were prepared. After cell incubation with different concentrations of aripiprazole (1, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μL), methyl tetrazolium solution was added. For micronucleus assay fresh blood was added to RPMI culture medium 1640 supplemented, and different concentrations of aripiprazole (50, 100 and 200 μL) were added. RESULTS: The finding of present study showed that the IC50 of aripiprazole in the cancer cell line (21.36 μg/mL) was lower than that in the normal cell line (54.17 μg/mL). Moreover, the micronucleus assay showed that the frequency of micronuclei of aripiprazole at concentrations below 200 μM was much less than cisplatin. CONCLUSION: Aripiprazole can be a good cytotoxic compound and good candidate for further studies of cancer therapy.
CLINICAL PROFILE, DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERN AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN WESTERN INDIA
Authors: UDGIRKAR Suhas , JAIN Samit , PAWAR Sunil , CHANDNANI Sanjay , CONTRACTOR Qais , RATHI Pravin
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Abdominal tuberculosis is an increasing problem in developing world. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to describe the clinical presentations, drug resistance pattern and treatment outcomes of abdominal tuberculosis in Western India. METHODS: All the cases of abdominal tuberculosis from May 2014 to April 2017, diagnosed on the basis of clinical profile and gross morphological findings at endoscopy, imaging, followed by histology and/or GeneXpert and MGIT culture were included. All patients received antitubercular drug (AKT) therapy according to national protocol. Patients were followed from diagnoses till completion of treatment and various parameters were studied. RESULTS: Out of the 176 patients, 48% were males. Abdominal pain was most common complaint in 83.5%. On colonoscopy terminal ileum and ileocaecal valve were most commonly involved segments. Upper gastrointestinal tract was involved in four patients. Overall ulceronodular lesions were most common followed by ulcerative/nodular lesion. Strictures in bowel were seen in 28 (15.9%) patients with ileocaecal valve being most commonly involved, of which 23 had symptomatic relief with AKT and only three required dilatation. Histopathology showed granuloma in 80.8% cases. MGIT was positive in 43 (35.80%) cases and GeneXpert was positive in 35 (26.1%) cases. Eight patients had multi drug resistant tuberculosis. Only two patients required surgical management. CONCLUSION: Abdominal tuberculosis with wide spectrum of presentation, can still be managed with early diagnosis and treatment even in patients with sub acute intestinal obstruction. Weight gain or resolving symptoms were considered early markers of treatment response. Patients with stricture can become asymptomatic with medical treatment alone.
N-ACETYLCYSTEINE AND/OR URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID ASSOCIATED WITH METFORMIN IN NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS: AN OPEN-LABEL MULTICENTER RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: OLIVEIRA Claudia P , COTRIM Helma P , STEFANO Jose Tadeu , SIQUEIRA Ana Cristina G , SALGADO Ana Lucia Azevedo , PARISE Edison Roberto
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Nowadays, pharmacological treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still limited and it is based on the treatment of conditions associated comorbities. Oxidative stress and insulin resistance are the mechanisms that seem to be mostly involved in its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in combination with metformin (MTF) and/or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) for treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS: Open-label multicenter randomized trial was conducted for 48 weeks. It included patients with biopsy-proven NASH. The patients were randomized into three groups: NAC (1.2 g) + UDCA (15 mg/kg) + MTF (850-1500 mg/day) (n=26); UDCA (20 mg/kg) + MTF (850-1500 mg/day) (n=13); NAC (1.2g) + MTF (850-1500 mg/day) (n=14) for 48 weeks. Clinical, laboratory and the second liver biopsies were performed after 48 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 53 patients were evaluated; 17 (32.1%) were males; median age ±54 (IQR=15, 21-71) years. In the baseline, no difference was seen between groups according clinical and histological parameters. The groups differed only in cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides. No significant differences in biochemical and histologic parameters were found between these the three groups after 48 weeks of treatment. In the intragroup analysis (intention-to-treat) comparing histological and biochemical features, there were significant improvements in the steatosis degree (P=0.014), ballooning (0.027) and, consequently, in the NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) (P=0.005), and in the ALT levels at the end of the treatment only in the NAC + MTF group. No significant evidence of modification in the liver fibrosis could be observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: This multicenter study suggests that the association of NAC + MTF could reduce the liver disease activity in patients with NASH. These data stimulate further controlled studies with this therapy for these patients.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COLORECTAL PITS USING AUTOFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY IMAGES
Authors: ERBES Luciana Ariadna , ZEITOUNE Ángel Alberto , TORRES Humberto Maximiliano , CASCO Víctor Hugo , ADUR Javier
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent pathologies. Its prognosis is linked to the early detection and treatment. Currently diagnosis is performed by histological analysis from polyp biopsies, followed by morphological classification. Kudo’s pit pattern classification is frequently used for the differentiation of neoplastic colorectal lesions using hematoxylin-eosin stained samples. Few articles have reported this classification with image software processing, using exogenous markers over the samples. The processing of autofluorescence images is an alternative that could allow the characterization of the pits from the crypts of Lieberkühn, bypassing staining techniques. OBJECTIVE: Processing and analysis of widefield autofluorescence microscopy images obtained by fresh colon tissue samples from a murine model of colorectal cancer in order to quantify and characterize the pits morphology by measuring morphology parameters and shape descriptors. METHODS: Adult male BALB/cCmedc strain mice (n=27), ranging from 20 to 30 g, were randomly assigned to four and five groups of treated and control animals. Colon samples were collected at day zero and at fourth, eighth, sixteenth and twentieth weeks after treatmentwith azoxymethane. Two-dimensional (2D) segmentation, quantification and morphological characterization of pits by image processing applied using macro programming from FIJI. RESULTS: Type I is the pit morphology prevailing between 53 and 81% in control group weeks. III-L and III-S types were detected in reduced percentages. Between the 33 and 56% of type I was stated as the prevailing morphology for the 4th, 8th and 20th weeks of treated groups, followed by III-L type. For the 16th week, the 39% of the pits was characterized as III-L type, followed by type I. Further, pattern types as IV, III-S and II were also found mainly in that order for almost all of the treated weeks. CONCLUSION: These preliminaries outcomes could be considered an advance in two-dimensional pit characterization as the whole image processing, comparing to the conventional procedure, takes a few seconds to quantify and characterize non-pathological colon pits as well as to estimate early pathological stages of colorectal cancer.
Sampling frequency to estimate cumulative nitrous oxide emissions from the soil
Authors: Nascimento Alexandre Ferreira do , Rodrigues Renato de Aragão Ribeiro
Published: August 2019

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the influence of gas sampling frequency on the cumulative emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from the soil. Gas emissions were assessed over a period of two years (2014-2016), in four systems: eucalyptus forestry, crops, pasture, and native forest. The cumulative emissions of N2O were calculated at sampling intervals of 7, 14, and 21 days. The sampling intervals did not influence the final results of cumulative N2O emissions from the soil in the assessed systems.
Carbon fractions and stock in response to solid and fluid organomineral fertilizers in highly fertile soils
Authors: Corrêa Juliano Corulli , Ródio Lauri Caetano , Rigo Amanda Zolet , Grohskopf Marco André , Rebellatto Agostinho , Mafra Álvaro Luiz
Published: August 2019

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of organomineral and mineral fertilizers to highly fertile soils on the carbon management index (CMI) and carbon fractions and stock. The experiment was carried out on an Oxisol and Inceptisol, under no-tillage, in three crop seasons. The treatments consisted of two organomineral fertilizers and of two mineral fertilizers in solid and fluid forms, besides a control without fertilization. The application of organomineral and mineral fertilizers, in solid and fluid forms, to the different soil classes with high fertility promoted changes in total organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, and carbon associated with minerals, as well as in carbon stocks and the CMI. In the treatments with fluid mineral fertilizer and solid organomineral fertilizer, such changes occurred only in the Inceptisol due to the lower degree of weathering of this soil. The higher values of the CMI, with the fluid mineral fertilizer in the Inceptisol, allow inferring on which would be the best management practice aiming at the increase and maintenance of carbon in the soil-plant system, based on the yield results of wheat, sorghum, and corn, which were similar to those obtained with the other fertilizers.