bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educación intercultural y culturas indígenas en América Latina: un análisis de la experiencia de la licenciatura en Pedagogía de la Madre Tierra (Colombia)
Authors: Rivera-Mateos Manuel , Osuna-Rodríguez Mercedes , Rodríguez García Luis
Published: November 2017

Este trabajo analiza la experiencia de implantación y funcionamiento de la licenciatura en Pedagogía de la Madre Tierra de la Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia) como programa específico e innovador de educación superior —único en su género en América Latina— que pretende profundizar en la problemática de la educación intercultural universitaria adaptada a las necesidades y especificidades de las comunidades indígenas. Esta licenciatura se plantea desde diversas dimensiones y enfoques relacionados con el desarrollo de los planes de vida indígena y las cosmovisiones y cosmogonías de sus pueblos, el fomento del diálogo intercultural y la diversidad cultural. El análisis y el avance efectuado en la sistematización del modelo educativo se centra, entre otros aspectos, en los encuentros zonales de formación mantenidos entre el equipo de profesionales, docentes y facilitadores del programa académico y las comunidades indígenas, la estructura curricular, los perfiles de los proyectos comunitarios de los estudiantes indígenas, la homologación de títulos y las oportunidades, limitaciones y dificultades encontradas, así como las perspectivas que se han abierto con el reconocimiento institucional y académico de la titulación.
A stepwise protocol for drug permeation assessment that combines heat-separated porcine ear epidermis and vertical diffusion cells
Authors: Pantelic Ivana , Ilic Tanja , Markovic Bojan , Savic Sanela , Lukic Milica , Savic Snezana
Published: November 2017

After decades long absence of an official consensus on the most appropriate evaluation method for in vitro skin performance of topical semisolid drugs, United States Pharmacopoeia (USP 39) finally suggested three types of testing equipment; however, all these provide data on drug release using inert synthetic membranes. Considering the need for a readily available membrane that would be more structurally similar to human skin, this paper provides a detailed protocol of a method for drug permeation assessment that uses heat-separated porcine ear epidermis and modified Franz diffusion cells. Phases that were shown to be critical for variability of the results are identified (e.g., membrane preparation), and process parameters optimized. Applicability of the method was tested on four cream samples loaded with aceclofenac as a model drug. Sample compositions were designed in such a way to provide ?large? variations (variation of the main stabilizer: natural-origin versus synthetic emulsifier) and relatively ?minor? variations (co-solvent variation: none/isopropanol/glycerol). The developed protocol is a straightforward and reliable in vitro test for the evaluation of rate and extent of drug delivery into/through the skin. Moreover, this protocol may be routinely applied even in averagely equipped laboratories during formulation development or preliminary bioequivalence assessment of generic topical semisolids.
Analysis on thermal and hydraulic performance of a T-shaped vapor chamber designed for motorcycle led lights
Authors: Jian Qifei , Li Cong , Wang Li
Published: November 2017

Experiment and numerical analyses were conducted to study the thermal performance and circulation characteristic of the working fluid of a T-shaped vapor chamber special designed for the motorcycle LED light. The influences of heat loads and cooling magnitude were experimentally investigated. Results show that both the heat loads and cooling conditions have strong influences on the thermal performance of the vapor chamber, and the thermal resistance in the extended section occupies over 75.8% of the overall thermal resistance of the vapor chamber. Simulation results indicate that large pressure drop occurs along the extended section of the vapor chamber, and causes large temperature difference along the extended section.
Condensate retention of water-ethanol mixture on horizontal enhanced condensing tubes
Authors: Abubaker Muhammad , Ali Muhammad , Noor Fahad , Imran Muhammad , Ambreen Tehmina
Published: November 2017

Condensate retention has been found an important parameter for heat transfer on horizontal enhanced condensing tubes. In this research, five pin-fin (varying in circumferential pin spacing) and three integral-fin horizontal tubes are investigated for condensate retention angle (which is measured from the top of tooth to the fully flooded flank) using water-ethanol mixture. An attempt was made to find the optimum concentration of ethanol in water for maximum retention angle. Concentration of ethanol was varied in between 0.5% to 1.5% by weight. Data revealed the importance of integral-fin tube over pin-fin tube as significant increase in retention angle was observed for integral-fin tube ((having same longitudinal spacing, tooth thickness, tooth height, inner and outer diameter) while retention angle for pin-fin tubes remain unchanged. Optimum ethanol concentration was observed to be 0.75%.
Determination of 3-D velocity field from the four hot-wire output signals using „three against one“ algorithm
Authors: Kotur Milovan , Petrovic Pero , Sajn Viktor
Published: November 2017

The advantage of ?three against one? algorithm for determination of 3-D velocity field from the four hot-wires output signals is presented. Three tests of this algorithm, with differently defined dependence between velocity components and probe output signals are conducted. Test with generalized hot-wire cooling law shows better results in comparison to the test based on King-Jorgensen equations. It is shown that ?three against one? algorithm has some advantage near the border of uniqueness range in comparison to the existing algorithms.
Effect of uniform and variable fin height on charging and discharging of phase change material in a horizontal cylindrical thermal storage
Authors: Senthil Ramalingam
Published: November 2017

The effect of fin profile on melting of phase change material (PCM) is presented. The test section contains an acrylic tube of 50 mm outer diameter and a copper tube of 16 mm outer diameter and a length of 1000 mm each. Both tubes are kept coaxially. The heat transfer fluid (HTF) flows through the copper tube. The PCM is paraffin wax and filled in the annular region. The considered fin profiles are the uniform and variable fin heights of circular, triangular and elliptical profiles. Fins are fixed on the HTF tube and protruded into the PCM. The total fin surface area is maintained same among the fin profiles and the fin arrangements. The one-third of the storage is provided with increasing fin height of 2- 3 mm to melt the settled solid PCM. The hot and cold water is used to charge and discharge the PCM, respectively. Experiments are performed by the hot and cold-water inlet temperatures of 70 ?C and 28 ?C at a flow rate of 0.5 kg per minute. A faster and effective heat transfer from HTF to PCM and vice-versa is investigated. The variable elliptical fins showed faster charging and discharging by 25% and 20%, respectively, than the variable circular fins. The variable elliptical fins showed faster charging and discharging by 11.8% and 11% than the variable triangular fins. The charging and discharging efficiency of 80% and 74% are observed for the elliptical fin profiles.
Aplicación de termoplásticos en la industria colombiana
Authors: Ochoa Barbosa Gustavo
Published: November 2017

Se describen los productos diseñados para manejar fluidos líquidos y para solucionar los problemas de abrasión y corrosión con los materiales que tradicionalmente se manejaban.
Bound by debt: Nutmeg trees and changing relations between farmers and agents in a Moluccan agroforestry systems
Authors: Salampessy Messalina Lovenia , Febryano Indra Gumay , Zulfiani Dini
Published: November 2017

Agroforestry is a land management system long practiced by communities in the Moluccas. The practice is commonly known as "Dusung", where one cash crop in particular, nutmeg, is interspersed throughout farmer groves. Farmers have faced a number of challenges in recent years, especially concerning a system of debt bondage inflicting undue losses upon them. This study aims to explain the involvement of farmers within the debt bondage system, otherwise known as the tree mortgage system. We utilize a case study methodology, whereby data were collected through interviews and participant observation and results analyzed using principal agent theory. Findings highlight that nutmeg farmers, what we call the Principal, incur high risks when debt bondage is applied by an Agent that has the increasing ability to deny and change the terms of an agreement. This occurs when Agents exploit information unavailable to farmers about nutmeg marketing prospects, which weakens farmer negotiating positions. Improving institutional support for contracts in the tree mortgage system could help to ensure a more equitable arrangement, improving the terms for nutmeg farmers, meanwhile also encouraging the continued preservation of the dusung system, which has long helped to manage forest resources sustainably.
Effect of a high-fat–high-cholesterol diet on gallbladder bile acid composition and gallbladder motility in dogs
Authors: Kakimoto Toshiaki , Kanemoto Hideyuki , Fukushima Kenjiro , Ohno Koichi , Tsujimoto Hajime
Published: November 2017

OBJCTIVE To investigate the effects of dietary lipid overload on bile acid metabolism and gallbladder motility in healthy dogs.

ANIMALS 7 healthy Beagles.

PROCEDURES In a crossover study, dogs were fed a high-fat–high-cholesterol diet (HFCD) or a low-fat diet (LFD) for a period of 2 weeks. After a 4-month washout period, dogs were fed the other diet for 2 weeks. Before and at the end of each feeding period, the concentrations of each of the gallbladder bile acids, cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced gallbladder motility, and bile acid metabolism–related hepatic gene expression were examined in all dogs.

RESULTS The HFCD significantly increased plasma total cholesterol concentrations. The HFCD also increased the concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid and decreased the concentration of taurocholic acid in bile and reduced gallbladder contractility, whereas the LFD significantly decreased the concentration of taurodeoxycholic acid in bile. Gene expression analysis revealed significant elevation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase mRNA expression after feeding the HFCD for 2 weeks, but the expression of other genes was unchanged.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Feeding the HFCD and LFD for 2 weeks induced changes in gallbladder bile acid composition and gallbladder motility in dogs. In particular, feeding the HFCD caused an increase in plasma total cholesterol concentration, an increase of hydrophobic bile acid concentration in bile, and a decrease in gallbladder sensitivity to CCK. These results suggested that similar bile acid compositional changes and gallbladder hypomotility might be evident in dogs with hyperlipidemia.
Relación entre el coste de los servicios y la planta local
Authors: Gómez Alejandro de Diego
Published: November 2017

En este informe se trata de analizar el comportamiento de los principales agentes que forman el sector público local y el coste efectivo de los servicios prestados por ellos según la publicación hecha por el Ministerio de Hacienda y Función Pública, llegando a la conclusión de la necesidad urgente de adelgazar y modernizar nuestra Administración Local para conseguir reducir el peso de los gastos generales, así como de modificar la planta municipal, proponiendo la fusión de los pequeños Ayuntamientos de forma que tengan la capacidad suficiente para responder a los retos y necesidades que les exige la población del Siglo XXI sin perder con ello su identidad.
Impuestos locales y parejas de hecho: problemas actuales a considerar
Authors: Rovira Ferrer Irene
Published: November 2017

El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es poner de manifiesto los principales problemas que actualmente se presentan, a nivel constitucional, en los impuestos locales respecto a las parejas de hecho, tanto desde la óptica de los principios de justicia tributaria como desde un punto de vista competencial. En concreto, tales conflictos se circunscriben en el Impuesto sobre el Incremento de Valor de los Terrenos de Naturaleza Urbana e, indirectamente, el Impuesto sobre Bienes Inmuebles, donde resultan necesarios, en ambos casos, cambios en la regulación estatal.
Influence of spray volumes, nozzle types and adjuvants on the control of phoma coffee rust
Authors: Santinato Felipe , Ruas Renato Adriane Alves , Tavares Tiago De Oliveira , Silva Rouverson Pereira da , Godoy Mateus Altarugio
Published: November 2017

O controle fitossanitário do cafeeiro muitas vezes é realizado em condições incorretas como utilização de pontas inadequadas no pulverizador e volume de calda excessivo. Tais erros resultam em deriva, escorrimento superficial provocando a ineficiência do controle de pragas e doenças, além de contaminação ambiental. Objetivou-se por meio deste trabalho avaliar a viabilidade de se reduzir o volume de calda, na ausência e presença de adjuvante, utilizando três pontas de pulverização, analisando a uniformidade de distribuição da calda nos terços da planta, bem como sua penetração e a eficácia de produtos fitossanitários. Os tratamentos foram dispostos no esquema fatorial 3 x 2 x 2 + 1, delineados em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, em parcelas subsubdivididas. Os tratamentos foram três pontas do tipo cone vazio (ATR Amarela; JA Preto e Disc e Core AD2AC23), dois volumes de calda (300 e 500 L ha-1), e ausência e presença de adjuvante (TRUMP), além de uma testemunha sem controle de doenças. Concluiu-se que o volume de calda pode ser reduzido para 300 L ha-1, sem prejudicar a qualidade de pulverização e o controle de doenças. O adjuvante não trouxe benefícios à aplicação. A ponta mais indicada é a ATR Amarela.
Efeitos da irrigação na produção e no desenvolvimento do cafeeiro na região oeste da Bahia
Authors: Vicente Marcelo Rossi , Mantovani Everardo Chartuni , Fernandes André Luis Teixeira , Neves Júlio César Lima , Delazari Fábio Teixeira , Figueredo Edmilson Marques
Published: November 2017

A irrigação redesenhou a distribuição das lavouras cafeeiras no Brasil e com isso tornaram-se necessários novos estudos de consumo de água e suas relações com a produção e crescimento do cafeeiro. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da irrigação sobre a produção e o desenvolvimento do cafeeiro irrigado por gotejamento na região Oeste da Bahia. Para isso foi implantado um experimento na fazenda Café do Rio Branco, localizada em Barreiras – BA, em cafeeiros adultos, aproximadamente 3,5 anos de idade, da variedade Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144. O experimento foi montado no delineamento em blocos casualizados, composto de 5 tratamentos, correspondentes à 75, 85, 100, 125 e 150% da lâmina de irrigação calculada pelo software Irriplus. Observou-se, ao final de quatro safras, efeito significativo da lâmina de irrigação na produtividade do cafeeiro. A produtividade máxima estimada (60 sc ha-1) foi obtida com a lâmina correspondente a 122% da lâmina de irrigação. Não houve efeito das diferentes lâminas de irrigação no desenvolvimento vegetativo, na classificação por peneira, no rendimento e na maturação dos frutos do cafeeiro.
Crescimento inicial de cultivares de cafeeiro com diferentes doses de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio
Authors: Vilela Diego Júnior , Carvalho Gladyston Rodrigues , Botelho Cesar Elias , Carvalho Alex Mendonça , Praxedes Marina Angélico , Santos Milena Christy , Fernandes Fernando Costa
Published: November 2017

A nutrição mineral do cafeeiro é de vital importância para a produtividade do mesmo e diversos locais que, anteriormente, eram considerados inaptos ao cultivo da cultura, hoje em dia, apresentam lavouras altamente produtivas, onde a correção da fertilidade do solo, ao longo do tempo, aliada com uma nutrição mineral adequada, são um dos principais pilares para esse sucesso. Observa-se que diferentes cultivares de diversas espécies exigem níveis de nutrição diferenciados, para expressarem seu máximo potencial produtivo sob determinadas condições de cultivo. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar quatro novas cultivares de cafeeiro quanto ao seu crescimento inicial, sob diferentes doses de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio. O experimento foi instalado na Fazenda Experimental da EPAMIG, em São Sebastião do Paraíso – MG, em fevereiro de 2012. Foram utilizados quatro cultivares de cafeeiro que foram submetidos a doze tratamentos (esquema fatorial, sendo quatro cultivares, três nutrientes e quatro doses), contendo três repetições, sob delineamento em blocos casualizados. Foi feita uma análise conjunta dos dados. As características avaliadas foram: altura, diâmetro do colo, crescimento do primeiro ramo plagiotrópico, número de ramos plagiotrópicos, índice de clorofila e foram feitas análises de solo e foliares. Concluiu-se que nas condições químicas iniciais do solo utilizado no experimento podem-se reduzir em até 50% as adubações com N, P e K, tanto em adubação de cobertura como para adubação de primeiro ano, em lavouras cafeeiras plantadas com as cultivares Pau Brasil MG1, Paraíso MG H419-1 e Topázio MG 1190.
COMO MEDIR INFORMAÇÃO?
Authors: Mendes Herman do Lago
Published: November 2017

Por meio de ilustrações e resoluções de problemas, objetiva explicar como se mede informação. Para tal, recorre à teoria matemática da comunicação de Shannon. Esta teoria foi inicialmente elaborada para explicar transmissões de informações através de sistemas de telecomunicações a fim de corrigir erros entre a origem e o destino da informação. Mostra que a quantificação de informação parte da elaboração de estratégias de escolha entre duas mensagens ou signos. Medir informação significa contar o número de escolhas entre dois signos. Quantificar informação parte de axiomas, equações, conceitos de probabilidade e de funções logarítmicas para reduzir a incerteza do sinal de qualquer canal (meio físico) de comunicação.
ARTICULAÇÕES ENTRE A ETNOBOTÂNICA E OS CONHECIMENTOS DA DISCIPLINA CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA
Authors: David Margô de , Pasa Maria Corette
Published: November 2017

O presente trabalho visa ressaltar as articulações cognitivas entre as áreas das Ciências da Natureza e a Etnobotânica no cenário educacional do ensino de Ciências no Brasil. A proposta metodológica partiu do conhecimento dos alunos e se estendeu aos familiares, que manifestaram diferentes categorias de usos das plantas, oriundas do conhecimento e cultura, reforçando a proposta de trazer a diversidade cultural e ambiental para dentro do currículo escolar.
First steps in the design of a system to monitor vaccine effectiveness during seasonal and pandemic influenza in EU/EEA Member States
Authors: Valenciano M , Ciancio B  C , Moren A , the influenza vaccine effectiveness working group Collective
Published: November 2017

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Preparedness for the prevention and control of influenza outbreaks on passenger ships in the EU: the SHIPSAN TRAINET project communication
Authors: Mouchtouri V A , Black N , Nichols G , Paux T , Riemer T , Rjabinina J , Schlaich C , Menel Lemos C , Kremastinou J , Hadjichristodoulou C , for SHIPSAN TRAINET project Collective
Published: November 2017

Passenger ships carry a large number of people in confined spaces. A case of the new influenza A (H1N1) virus aboard a passenger ship is an expected event and would lead to rapid spread of the virus, if preventive measures are not in place. However, many cruise lines have detailed policies and procedures to deal with cases of influenza like illness (ILI). The EU SHIPSAN and SHIPSAN TRAINET projects include in their objectives guidelines for the prevention and control of communicable diseases aboard passenger ships. A literature review showed that from 1997 to 2005, nine confirmed outbreaks of influenza were linked to passenger ships, with attack rates up to 37%. It is important to establish and maintain a surveillance system for ILI aboard passenger ships, in order to systematically collect data that can help to determine the baseline illness levels. Monitoring these will enable early identification of outbreaks and allow timely implementation of control measures.
Trichinellosis acquired in Senegal from warthog ham, March 2009
Authors: Dupouy-Camet J , Lecam S , Talabani H , Ancelle T
Published: November 2017

Three confirmed and three suspected cases of trichinellosis have been reported in France with onset of symptoms in March 2009, linked to consumption of smoked warthog ham in Senegal.
Cluster of new influenza A(H1N1) cases in travellers returning from Scotland to Greece – community transmission within the European Union?
Authors: Panagiotopoulos T , Bonovas S , Danis K , Iliopoulos D , Dedoukou X , Pavli A , Smeti P , Mentis A , Kossivakis A , Melidou A , Diza E , Chatzidimitriou D , Koratzanis E , Michailides S , Passalidou E , Kollaras P , Nikolaides P , Tsiodras S
Published: November 2017

On 26 and 27 May, the Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in Greece reported two confirmed cases of new influenza A(H1N1) virus infection in travellers returning from Scotland. The two cases had no apparent traceable links to an infectious source. Herein we report details of the two cases and potential public health implications.
Foresight Infectious Diseases China Project - A novel approach to anticipating future trends in risk of infectious diseases in China: methodology and results from an initial application
Authors: Nicoll A , Huang J , Xie Z , the Foresight China Project Group Collective
Published: November 2017

The project devised a simple but novel methodology for identifying possible future trends in infectious diseases in animals and humans in China, of priority concern to the Chinese authorities. It used a model of disease drivers (social, economic, biological or environmental factors that affect disease outcomes, by changing the behaviour of diseases, sources or pathways) devised for the Foresight Programme in the United Kingdom. Nine families of drivers were adapted to Chinese circumstances and matrices were constructed to identify the likely relationship of single infectious diseases or families of diseases to the drivers. The likely future trends in those drivers in China were determined by interviews with 36 independent Chinese experts. These trends included not only potentially adverse animal and human movements but also opportunities for innovative surveillance methods, more use of hospitals, antimicrobials and vaccines. Some human behaviours and social trends were expected to increase the risk of infections (in particular sexually transmitted and healthcare-associated infections) while at the same time the experts thought the awareness of risk in the Chinese population would increase. The results suggested a number of areas where the Chinese authorities may experience difficulties in the future, such as rising numbers of healthcare-associated infections, zoonoses and other emerging diseases and sexually transmitted infections (including HIV). Not making firm predictions, this work identifies priority disease groups requiring surveillance and consideration of countermeasures as well as recommending strengthening basic surveillance and response mechanisms for unanticipatable zoonoses and other emerging disease threats.
Epidemiology and control of influenza A(H1N1)v in the Netherlands: the first 115 cases
Authors: Hahné S , Donker T , Meijer A , Timen A , van Steenbergen J , Osterhaus A D , van der Sande M , Koopmans M , Wallinga J , Coutinho R , the Dutch New Influenza A(H1N1)v Investigation Team Collective
Published: November 2017

Introductions of the new influenza A(H1N1) variant virus in the Netherlands led to enhanced surveillance and infection control. By 24 June 2009, 115 cases were reported, of whom 44% were indigenously acquired. Severity of disease is similar to reports elsewhere. Our point estimate of the effective reproductive number (Re) for the initial phase of the influenza A(H1N1)v epidemic in the Netherlands was below one. Given that the Re estimate is based on a small number of indigenous cases and a limited time period, it needs to be interpreted cautiously.
A case of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 from a private barbecue in South East England
Authors: Shipman A R , Jones S E , Smith G , Stewart B , McCarthy N
Published: November 2017

The following case report describes a cluster of Escherichia coli O157 cases in the United Kingdom related to undercooked beef at a barbecue, resulting in an intensive care admission in France with haemolytic uraemic syndrome and highlighting the need to cook beef properly.
An outbreak of viral gastroenteritis linked to municipal water supply, Lombardy, Italy, June 2009
Authors: Scarcella C , Carasi S , Cadoria F , Macchi L , Pavan A , Salamana M , Alborali G L , Losio M N , Boni P , Lavazza A , Seyler T
Published: November 2017

We report an outbreak of viral gastroenteritis linked to municipal drinking water in a town in northern Italy in June 2009. Over one month we identified 299 probable cases of whom 30 were confirmed for at least one of the following viruses: norovirus, rotavirus, enterovirus or astrovirus. Water samples and filters from the water system also tested positive for norovirus and enterovirus. Control measures included treating the water system with chlorine dioxide and filters with peracetic acid, while providing temporary alternative sources of drinking water to the population.
Enhanced surveillance of influenza A(H1N1)v in Greece during the containment phase
Authors: Lytras T , Theocharopoulos G , Tsiodras S , Mentis A , Panagiotopoulos T , Bonovas S , the influenza surveillance report group
Published: November 2017

Following the emergence of a novel influenza virus (influenza A(H1N1)v) with pandemic potential in late April 2009, public health measures were put in place in an effort to contain disease spread in Greece. These included enhanced surveillance of infections due to influenza A(H1N1)v virus, in order to continuously ascertain the situation and guide further public health action. On 15 July, Greece moved to mitigation phase. This report summarises surveillance findings in Greece during the delaying (or “containment”) phase, from 30 April to 14 July 2009.
Community transmission of influenza A (H1N1)v virus at a rock festival in Belgium, 2-5 July 2009
Authors: Gutiérrez I , Litzroth A , Hammadi S , Van Oyen H , Gérard C , Robesyn E , Bots J , Faidherbe M T , Wuillaume F
Published: November 2017

On 6 July 2009 the Belgian enhanced surveillance system for influenza-like illness among travellers returning from influenza A(H1N1)v affected areas detected a case linked to a rock festival which took place on 2-5 July. The health authorities implemented communication and control measures leading to the detection of aditional cases. This paper describes the outbreak and its impact on the management of the influenza pandemic in Belgium.
HIV and AIDS in the European Union, 2008
Authors: van de Laar M  J W , Likatavicius G
Published: November 2017

HIV infections remain to be of major public health importance in Europe, with evidence of increasing transmission in several European countries. A total of 25,656 diagnosed cases of HIV infection were reported for 2008 by the countries of the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA); data were not available from Austria, Denmark or Liechtenstein. The highest rates were reported by Estonia, Latvia, Portugal and the United Kingdom. In the EU/EEA, the predominant mode of transmission for HIV infection was sex among men who have sex with men (MSM, 40%) followed by heterosexual contact (29%), when cases in persons originating from countries with generalised epidemics were excluded. Injecting drug use accounted for 6% of the reported cases. Overall, despite incomplete reporting, the number of HIV cases in 2008 has increased while the number of reported AIDS cases continued to decline except in the Baltic States. The data presented have some limitations, due to missing data from a number of countries, limiting the conclusions that can be drawn with respect to the size of the HIV and AIDS epidemics in Europe.
Two cases of verified clinical failures using internationally recommended first-line cefixime for gonorrhoea treatment, Norway, 2010
Authors: Unemo M , Golparian D , Syversen G , Vestrheim D F , Moi H
Published: November 2017

Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to most of the available therapeutic antimicrobials. The susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, the last remaining first-line treatment option, is decreasing globally. This report describes the first two cases outside Japan of verified gonorrhoea clinical failures using internationally recommended first-line cefixime treatment. Enhanced awareness and more frequent follow-up examination, test-of-cure and appropriate verification/falsification of presumed clinical treatment failures, involving several clinical and laboratory parameters should be strongly emphasised worldwide.
Seasonal influenza vaccination and the risk of infection with pandemic influenza: a possible illustration of non-specific temporary immunity following infection
Authors: Kelly H , Barry S , Laurie K , Mercer G
Published: November 2017

Four Canadian studies have suggested that receipt of seasonal influenza vaccine increased the risk of laboratory-confirmed infection with 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1). During the influenza season of 2009 in Victoria, Australia, this virus comprised 97% of all circulating influenza viruses for which sub-typing was available. We found no evidence that seasonal influenza vaccine increased the risk of, or provided protection against, infection with the pandemic virus. Ferret experiments have suggested protection against pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 from multiple prior seasonal influenza infections but not from prior seasonal vaccination. Modelling studies suggest that influenza infection leads to heterosubtypic temporary immunity which is initially almost complete. We suggest these observations together can explain the apparent discrepant findings in Canada and Victoria. In Victoria there was no recent prior circulation of seasonal influenza and thus no temporary immunity to pandemic influenza. There was no association of seasonal influenza vaccine with pandemic influenza infection. In Canada seasonal influenza preceded circulation of the pandemic virus. An unvaccinated proportion of the population developed temporary immunity to pandemic influenza from seasonal infection but a proportion of vaccinated members of the population did not get seasonal infection and hence did not develop temporary immunity to pandemic influenza. It may therefore have appeared as if seasonal vaccination increased the risk of infection with pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus.
Type 1 wild poliovirus and putative enterovirus 109 in an outbreak of acute flaccid paralysis in Congo, October-November 2010
Authors: Grard G , Drexler J F , Lekana-Douki S , Caron M , Lukashev A , Nkoghe D , Gonzalez J P , Drosten C , Leroy E
Published: November 2017

An outbreak of flaccid paralysis syndrome in adults is ongoing in Congo. Molecular analysis of faecal, throat and cerebrospinal samples identified wildtype 1 poliovirus and an additional enterovirus C strain related to enterovirus 109 as the cause. As of 22 November, the cumulative number of cases was 409, of which 169 (41.3%) were fatal. This is one of the largest wild type 1 poliovirus outbreaks ever described associated with an unusually high case fatality rate.
Injuries in children and general principles of management
Authors: Khouli Michael
Published: December 2017

Traumatic injuries and accidents are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, with traffic accidents causing the majority of deaths due to trauma. When possible, children with injuries should be cared for at a dedicated trauma center, as outcomes have been shown to improve with the care of a specialized trauma team. General principles of management include a systematic, step by step approach beginning with the Pediatric Assessment Triangle. Once providers have performed a primary survey and stabilized the patient, more detailed secondary and tertiary surveys should be conducted. Specific treatments will vary depending on the nature of the injury. Public health initiatives in primary prevention to reduce the incidence of traumatic injuries and prevent injuries before they occur are also crucial.
Risky work: Accidents among Nepalese migrant workers in Malaysia, Qatar and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Adhikary Pratik , Sheppard Zoë A , Keen Steve , Teijlingen Edwin Van
Published: November 2017

Background: Nepal is a growing supplier of migrant labour for factories in Malaysia and building sites in the Middle East. This study assessed the extent of workplace accidents among Nepalese migrant workers in Malaysia, Qatar and Saudi Arabia.Methododology: A questionnaire survey was conducted at Nepal’s main international airport with men who returned from working in Malaysia, Qatar and Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was completed by 403 migrant workers from these three countries. Where possible the questionnaire was self-administered and interview-administered for those migrant workers with poor literacy skills. A logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with accidents at work and health risks perceived by migrant workers themselves.Results: One in six (17%) experienced accidents at work in their host country. This proportion is lower than that reported in previous studies of Nepali migrant workers. Age, country of work, doctor registration and perceived standard of work environment and accommodation are significantly associated with accidents at work.Conclusion: To help improve Nepalese men’s health and well-being whilst working abroad, host countries and the Government of Nepal should ensure that migrants hold health insurance. Mandatory pre-departure and arrival health and safety training is also recommended as a way to reduce risks to the health of migrant workers.
A Longitudinal Journey with BYOD Classrooms: Issues of Access, Capability and Outcome Divides
Authors: Adhikari Janak , Mathrani Anuradha , Scogings Chris
Published: November 2017

Bring Your Own Devices (BYOD) classrooms is the latest addition to the ongoing quest for transforming pedagogical practices and driving educational development outcomes. Governments and policymakers around the world are embracing the idea of integrating digital learning technologies into educational settings backed by research on the benefits offered like the lifelong development of individual learners. While technological interventions open up unlimited possibilities for accessing information and improving collaboration, thereby engaging learners with more interactive learning activities, a new type of gap between individuals could also take shape as the penetration of technologies and adoption stages advance. Results from past projects of similar nature within educational settings have indicated the possible rise in the gap among individuals based on digital access (i.e., equity in access/ownership of digital learning technologies), digital capability (i.e., equity in digital/information literacy skills and usage) and digital outcome (i.e., equity in knowledge acquisition and progression).Therefore, we have conducted a longitudinal study to investigate a BYOD initiative by a New Zealand School.  This study shares rich insights in the context of technology-mediated pedagogies and specifically BYOD classroom, as to how digital divides moved beyond access and skills to ensure inclusive learning outcomes. As a part of the five-year study of the technology-mediated teaching and learning initiative, we have been able to explain some of the unanswered questions around the issue of digital divides in the learning process. We investigated issues pertaining to digital divide in the context of BYOD classrooms to make the following revelations. First, the BYOD classroom initiative did not end up accentuating existing gaps in access to digital tools and technologies, despite earlier studies indicating towards increase in gaps. Second, our analysis strongly indicated the changing nature of digital divides with the presence of gaps in terms of information literacy and critical thinking ability, as the BYOD classroom progressed to mature stage. This was eventually bridged in the later stage, as students slowly adjusted to the classroom curricular structures in the BYOD classroom. Third, learner self-efficacy has been identified as a determinant of learning outcomes. In the earlier phase of ICT adoption, learner self-efficacy is influenced by a combination of information literacy, critical thinking ability, and positive motivation; however subsequently, self-efficacy influences affordances in various aspects of social cognitive abilities related to individual’s learning activities affecting how learners engage and apply technology to achieve learning outcomes.
An Exploratory Study Investigating How and Why Managers Use Tablets to Support Managerial Decision-Making
Authors: Xiao Meng , Meredith Rob , Gao Shijia
Published: November 2017

Managers are often mobile and a large proportion of their work is dealing with decisions. Although many managers currently use tablet computers in their work, there is little research on the use of tablets for managerial decision-support. This exploratory study aims to investigate the ways in which managers use tablets to support their decision-making and the reasons why they do so. Using Task-Technology Fit theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 managers, 17 of whom used tablets for their work-related decision-making. The study reveals managers’ tablet usage patterns in terms of location, tablet applications, decision activities and types. This study has also found that a range of tablet characteristics and decision-task characteristics affect managers’ use of tablets to support decision-making at work. This exploratory study contributes to both academia and industry by providing evidence on the tablet decision-support area, and affording organisations, tablet vendors and tablet application developers informative findings for further improvement in the provision of tablet-based decision support.
Sexual Orientation in Canada's Revised Refugee Determination System: An Empirical Snapshot
Authors: Rehaag Sean
Published: November 2017

This is one of several articles in a special issue to celebrate Nicole LaViolette's research contributions relating to intersections between gender and sexual orientation in Canadian and international law of forced migration. Inspired by three aspects of LaViolette's research, the article offers a snapshot of how Canada's recently revised refugee determination system addresses refugee claims involving allegations of persecution due to sexual orientation. Using data obtained through access to information requests about 18,221 principal applicant refugee determinations from 2013 to 2015, the article examines patterns in outcomes in cases categorized by the Immigration and Refugee Board as involving sexual orientation. The article also examines patterns in the reasoning offered in 247 published Refugee Appeal Division decisions involving sexual orientation. The author concludes that, despite clear progress, some sexual minority refugee claimants continue to struggle to have their refugee claims adjudicated fairly and that different sexual minority groups encounter unique challenges in this regard. The article ends with recommendations for further research.
The 2017 AANS Presidential Address. A world of innovation
Authors: Boop Frederick A.
Published: December 2017

The 2016 scientific meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) focused on the theme “A World of Innovation.” In his presidential address, 2016 AANS President Frederick Boop compared the historical development of the specialty of neurological surgery with that of the development of global communications. In the early years, general surgeons training in the United States would spend post-residency time abroad learning from surgical masters in Europe and other places. Since Harvey Cushing’s day, neurosurgeons from around the world continue to travel abroad, with many now coming to America for training at centers of excellence.

Current clinical practice is defined by multi-national, multi-center clinical trials, and the AANS subsidiary NeuroPoint Alliance has positioned itself to serve as an international center for the oversight of such trials. The Neurosurgery Research & Education Foundation and the Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group have made it possible for a neurosurgeon anywhere with Internet access to learn relevant surgical anatomy, learn new neurosurgical procedures, and watch masters in the field perform operations via high-definition surgical videos at no cost via learning platforms such as the Rhoton Collection, the Neurosurgical Atlas, and Neurosurgical Focus video supplements. At the same time, patients are now traveling abroad to seek medical specialty care. Although the globalization of health care poses certain threats, it also presents neurosurgeons with a world of opportunities.
Managerial trust outlook in China and Pakistan
Authors: Rafiq Muhammad , Weiwei Wu
Published: December 2017

As cross-cultural studies become crucial to business enterprises and other societal organizations that compete internationally, this article assesses managerial outlook toward trust in China and Pakistan. Questionnaire data were collected from two separate groups, different in term of anthropogeography, culture and economy, so it was not surprising to find that these prospective managers also differ in their outlook toward trust. Also noted are, however, multiple significant similarities. The present study offers a refreshing approach to cross-cultural comparisons pertaining to trust. Based on the findings, the study also provides suggestions for management and practitioners and recommends new directions for future research.
ICT and sustainable development in South Asian countries
Authors: Latif Zahid , Xin Wen , Khan Danish , Iqbal Kahif , Pathan Zulfiqar Hussain , Salam Shafaq , Jan Nasir
Published: December 2017

This study assesses the relation between the diffusion of information and communications technology (ICT) and the environmentally sustainable development (SusD). The generalized method of moments (GMM) is used for analyzing the dissemination of ICT in South Asian countries, during the 2005–2015 time period. A panel cointegration test examined five variables pertinent to ICT diffusion. Said variables coalesce, providing conclusive information about the relation between the ICT and SusD constructs. The study’s empirical results affirm the positive relation between ICT and environmentally sustainable development, with minor disparities among the pertinent variables in the long term. These findings indicate that ICT and SusD are proportional to each other unless other considerations drastically change, such as the environment, culture, human behavior and education. Lastly, in the context of future policy design and research, ICT circumstances can be seen as significantly shifting an entire region’s sustainable development and economic growth.
Translating Metabolic Reprogramming into New Targets for Kidney Cancer
Authors: Abu Aboud Omran , Weiss Robert H.
Published: November 2017

In the age of bioinformatics and with the advent of high-powered computation over the past decade or so the landscape of biomedical research has become radically altered. Whereas a generation ago, investigators would study their “favorite” protein or gene and exhaustively catalog the role of this compound in their disease of interest, the appearance of omics has changed the face of medicine such that much of the cutting edge (and fundable!) medical research now evaluates the biology of the disease nearly in its entirety. Couple this with the realization that kidney cancer is a “metabolic disease” due to its multiple derangements in biochemical pathways [ 1 , 2 ], and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) becomes ripe for data mining using multiple omics approaches.
Maternal and child health in Bangladesh: a critical look at the policy and the sustainable development goals
Authors: Khan Nur Newaz
Published: November 2017

Based on secondary analysis, this paper places a critical discussion looking back in history of maternal health achievements by Bangladesh, future adaptability and potentials forwarding to the sustainable development goals (SDGs) set by United Nations. Since the transition from MDGs to SDGs, Bangladesh achieved a many progress in maternal health development but still grappling with many structural and cultural barriers. Implementation of policy documents in community level, lack of better infrastructure, health bureaucracy induced delays, culture of absenteeism among practitioners and lack good health governance are some major challenges still hindering a fostered progress in achieving the expected improvement in maternal and child health condition in community and broader level. Evidences discussed in this paper suggests that, the clauses related to implementation and maintenance need to be stronger in the maternal health policy for future direction and sustainable progress in maternal health. The policy should act in practice, not as a document, to improve maternal health and reducing mortality that would finally speed up the progress in achieving SDGs target in more pragmatic sense.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2017, 3(3): 298-304
Determination of Drinking Water Quality: A Case Study on Saline Prone South-West Coastal Belt of Bangladesh
Authors: Das TK , Choudhury M , Sultana M
Published: November 2017

This research integrates quantitative data of underground and sub-surface sources of drinking water from two coastal union Gabura and Munshiganj of Shyamnagur upazila of Satkhira district. Four drinking water sources have been selected and sampled during dry season when the salinity rate is generally high. A total of 22 water samples have been collected of which 6 from protected pond, 6 from tube well, 6 from rainwater and 4 from pond sand filter (PSF). The average pH of tube well water, protected pond water, pond sand filter water and rain water were 6.59 (±.05), 6.46 (±1.03), 6.60 (±.52), 5.95 (±.87), respectively. The average EC (μs cm-1) range of tube well water, protected pond water, pond sand filter water and rain water were 2059.16 (±49.43), 1756 (±14), 769 (±94.27), 64.33(±59.91) while the TDS (ppm) range were 1319.97 (±31.69), 1125.64 (±913.46), 492.94 (±60.43) and 15.38 (±118.59) respectively. The maximum concentration of salinity was found in tube well water which was 1.37 (±53) ppt. Most of the protected ponds were highly contaminated with sulphate and it ranges from 84.64 to 218.25 ppm. The average number of fecal Coliform in protected ponds were 1650 100 m l-1 of water while in PSF source pond 2350 100ml-1 and collection point 1.5 100ml-1.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 101-108 2017