bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Leaky-Wave Perspective for Array-Fed Fabry–Perot Cavity and Bull’s-Eye Antennas
Authors: Madji Mikhail , Negri Edoardo , Fuscaldo Walter , Comite Davide , Galli Alessandro , Burghignoli Paolo
Published: August 2024

Two-dimensional leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) are a class of planar, traveling-wave radiators with attractive features of a low profile, ease of feeding, frequency reconfigurability of the radiation pattern, and polarization agility. Their use in conjunction with array feeders has been the subject of various investigations in recent decades, thanks to the additional degrees of freedom provided by the presence of multiple independent sources. Here, we provide a review of some of the most recent and promising array-fed two-dimensional (2-D) LWAs, selecting a couple of the most significant structures in application, namely Fabry–Perot cavity antennas and bull’s-eye antennas, and discussing some of their recently proposed advanced features.
Analysis of the Effect of Pulse Length and Magnetic Field Strength on Nonlinear Thomson Scattering
Authors: Wang Haokai , Gu Feiyang , Zhang Yi , Wang Yubo , Yang Qingyu , Tian Youwei
Published: August 2024

In this paper, two parameters of the applied magnetic field—magnetic field strength and pulse length—are modified, the spatial properties of electron trajectories and radiation are studied, and conclusions are drawn. Under the premise that the radius of the laser pulse waist b0=4λ0, and that the peak amplitude a0=5 corresponds to the peak laser intensity IL=3.45×1019 W/cm2 of the electrons, obtaining high-energy and highly collimated X-rays can be realized by increasing the pulse length up to 6λ0 and increasing the magnitude of the applied magnetic field, or by continuously increasing the pulse length and applying a smaller magnetic field.
Hardware Design and Implementation of a High-Precision Optically Pumped Cesium Magnetometer System Based on the Human-Occupied Vehicle Platform
Authors: Zhou Keyu , Zhang Qimao , Zhang Qisheng
Published: August 2024

High-precision magnetometers play a crucial role in ocean exploration, geophysical prospecting, and military and security applications. Installing them on human-occupied vehicle (HOV) platforms can greatly enhance ocean exploration capabilities and efficiency. However, most existing magnetometers suffer from low sensitivity and excessively large size. This study presents a high-sensitivity, miniaturized magnetometer based on cesium optically pumped probes. The designed magnetometer utilizes a three-probe design to eliminate the detection dead zone of the cesium optically pumped probe and enable three-dimensional magnetic detection. The proposed magnetometer uses a flux gate probe to detect the three-axis magnetic field and ensure that the probe does not enter the dead zone. The three probes can automatically switch by measuring the geomagnetic elements and real-time attitude of the HOV platform. This article primarily introduces the cesium three-probe optically pump, flux gate sensor, and automatic switching scheme design of the above-mentioned magnetometer. Moreover, it is proven through testing that the core indicators, such as the accuracy and sensitivity of the cesium three-probe optically pumped and flux gate sensor, reach international standards. Finally, the effectiveness of the automatic switching scheme proposed in this study is demonstrated through drone-mounted experiments.
Nomadic Material Culture: Eurasian Archeology beyond Textual Traditions
Authors: Meyer Caspar
Published: August 2024

The term nomadic material culture refers to the tools, equipment, and other tangible items associated with communities that are characterized by a high degree of residential mobility [...]
Some Results on Certain Supercobalancing Numbers
Authors: Karadeniz-Gözeri Gül , Sarı Selin
Published: August 2024

In this work, supercobalancing numbers are considered and some properties of these numbers are investigated. In the first part of this work, it is shown that every supercobalancing number is also a subbalancer. More specifically, B3-supercobalancing numbers which have not been considered before within the scope of this subject are examined. All the solution classes of the Diophantine equation of B3-supercobalancing numbers are determined exactly.
Method for Approximating Solutions to Equilibrium Problems and Fixed-Point Problems without Some Condition Using Extragradient Algorithm
Authors: Sripattanet Anchalee , Kangtunyakarn Atid
Published: August 2024

The objective of this research is to present a novel approach to enhance the extragradient algorithm’s efficiency for finding an element within a set of fixed points of nonexpansive mapping and the set of solutions for equilibrium problems. Specifically, we focus on applications involving a pseudomonotone, Lipschitz-type continuous bifunction. Our main contribution lies in establishing a strong convergence theorem for this method, without relying on the assumption of limn→∞∥xn+1−xn∥=0. Moreover, the main theorem can be applied to effectively solve the combination of variational inequality problem (CVIP). In support of our main result, numerical examples are also presented.
Impact of Fining Agents on Color, Phenolics, Aroma, and Sensory Properties of Wine: A Review
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Suhag Rajat
Published: August 2024

Fining agents are widely used in the wine industry to improve the quality and stability of wine by removing impurities and unwanted compounds. However, their impact on the color, phenolics, aroma, and sensory properties of wine remains poorly understood. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of fining agents on these critical wine attributes. We examine the role of different fining agents, including gelatin, pea proteins, and potato proteins, in modifying the color and phenolic profile of wine. Additionally, we discussed the impact of fining agents on the sensory properties of wine, including bitterness, astringency, sweetness, aroma and the flavor of wine. Our analysis highlights the importance of considering the origin, dosage, and composition of the wine when selecting fining agents to achieve optimal outcomes. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for preliminary trials and instrumental measurements to ensure the effectiveness of fining agents in different wine matrices. This review provides a valuable resource for winemakers and researchers seeking to optimize the use of fining agents in wine production.
Clustering Consumer Adoption Behavior with Respect to Innovative Tea Products in the Chinese Market
Authors: Yin Han , Fang Eddy S.
Published: August 2024

This study explores the diffusion of innovative tea products in the Chinese market, examining the shift from traditional tea consumption toward “new tea” products characterized by convenience, variety, and alignment with contemporary consumer preferences. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 543 participants and analyzed through factor-cluster analysis to segment consumers based on their innovation adoption behavior. The results indicate that younger, educated, and higher-income groups adopt new tea innovations more rapidly. Notably, early adopters, representing over half of the consumer base, are not frequent consumers of these beverages, compelling suppliers to continually innovate to maintain long-term revenue growth. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the influence of sociodemographic factors on adoption rates and offering strategic marketing insights to enhance the uptake of new tea products. These findings underscore the importance of targeting demographic segments effectively and addressing the unique consumption patterns of early adopters to drive sustained market growth.
Cystatin C as a Marker of Kidney Function in Children
Authors: Skidmore Megan , Spencer Sebastian , Desborough Robert , Kent David , Bhandari Sunil
Published: August 2024

This review examines the reliability of cystatin C as a biomarker for kidney function in paediatric populations. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a significant number of children globally, leading to severe health complications such as anaemia, hypertension, and growth disorders. Traditionally, kidney function has been assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate derived from serum creatinine, though this method is flawed due to variability in muscle mass, age, gender, and diet. Cystatin C offers an alternative as it is less influenced by these factors. Evidence from various studies indicates that cystatin C provides a more accurate assessment of kidney function, especially in neonates and children with urinary tract malformations. Additionally, it is more reliable in early detection of acute kidney injury in paediatric intensive care units. Despite its potential, cystatin C is not yet widely adopted in clinical guidelines, primarily due to a lack of large-scale paediatric studies. Nonetheless, existing research supports its utility in providing a consistent and precise measure of kidney function across different paediatric age groups, suggesting that it could enhance early diagnosis and management of CKD in children if more extensive validation studies are conducted.
The cGAS-STING Pathway: A New Therapeutic Target for Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction?
Authors: Tian Mengxiang , Li Fengyuan , Pei Haiping
Published: August 2024

The innate immune system is the body’s natural defense system, which recognizes a wide range of microbial molecules (such as bacterial DNA and RNA) and abnormal molecules within cells (such as misplaced DNA, self-antigens) to play its role. DNA released into the cytoplasm activates the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway to initiate an immune response. Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) after acute myocardial infarction refers to the phenomenon where myocardial tissue suffers further damage upon the restoration of blood flow. This issue is a significant clinical problem in the treatment of myocardial infarction, as it can diminish the effectiveness of reperfusion therapy and lead to further deterioration of cardiac function. Studies have found that the cGAS-STING signaling pathway is closely related to this phenomenon. Therefore, this review aims to describe the role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in ischemia–reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction and summarize the current development status of cGAS-STING pathway inhibitors and the application of nanomaterials to further elucidate the potential of this pathway as a therapeutic target.
Preservation of Vocal Function in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Patients Following Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy (PDT) and Adjuvant Therapies
Authors: Yoo Jae-Kook , Kwon Soon-Hee , Yoon Sul-Hee , Lee Jeong-Eun , Jeon Jong-Eun , Chung Je-Hyuk , Lee Sang-Yoon
Published: August 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) combined with adjuvant therapies in preserving vocal function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 47 ALS patients who underwent PDT at the Rodem Hospital from 2021 to 2023. Post-operatively, these patients were provided with a comprehensive treatment plan that included regenerative injection therapy, low-frequency electrical stimulation, respiratory rehabilitation, and swallowing rehabilitation therapy. Additionally, a balloon reduction program was implemented for effective tracheostomy tube (T-tube) management. The preservation of vocal functions was evaluated 4 weeks following the procedure. Results: While some patients maintained or slightly improved their ALSFRS-R speech scores, the overall trend indicated a decrease in speech scores post-PDT. This suggests that PDT in combination with adjuvant therapies may not universally improve vocal function, but can help maintain it in certain cases. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that PDT combined with mesotherapy, low-frequency electrical stimulation, and swallowing rehabilitation therapy may play a role in maintaining vocal function in limb type ALS patients, though further research is needed to optimize patient management and to validate these results.
Assessment of the Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis Risk in Metabolic Syndrome and Its Individual Components, Considering the Varying Definitions Used in Clinical Practice throughout Time: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Suwała Szymon , Junik Roman
Published: August 2024

Multiple modifications of metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria have been made—NCEP: ATP III (from 2001, modified in 2004), IDF (2005), IDF Consortium (2009), or Polish Scientific Society Consortium standards (2022) are now frequently in use. Hepatosteatosis and hepatofibrosis are commonly mentioned aspects of metabolic syndrome that greatly increase the likelihood of developing complications. The objective of the study was to assess different diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome based on the prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical data of 2102 patients. Out of all the single criteria, meeting the obesity criterion based on waist circumference showed the highest increase in the risk of hepatosteatosis (by 64–69%, depending on the definition used)—hypertriglyceridemia increased the risk of hepatofibrosis by 71%. Regardless of the specific criteria used, patients with metabolic syndrome had a 34–36% increased likelihood of developing hepatosteatosis—the probability of hepatofibrosis varied between 42% and 47% for the criteria established in 2004, 2005, and 2009, while the Polish 2022 criteria were not statistically significant (p = 0.818). It seems appropriate to establish consistent metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria—the 2009 IDF guidelines are the most effective in assessing hepatosteatosis and fibrosis risk.
Recent Advances in Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approaches in Epilepsy
Authors: Prakash Chandra , Kumar Pavan , Sharma Deepak
Published: August 2024

Epilepsy is a severe neurological disorder involving spontaneous and recurrent seizures, affecting a large number of people worldwide [...]
Correlates of Theta and Gamma Activity during Visuospatial Incidental/Intentional Encoding and Retrieval Indicate Differences in Processing in Young and Elderly Healthy Participants
Authors: Junco-Muñoz Mariana Lizeth , Mejía-Rodríguez Oliva , Cervantes-Alfaro José Miguel , Téllez-Anguiano Adriana del Carmen , López-Vázquez Miguel Ángel , Olvera-Cortés María Esther
Published: August 2024

Incidental visuospatial learning acquired under incidental conditions is more vulnerable to aging than in the intentional case. The theta and gamma correlates of the coding and retrieval of episodic memory change during aging. Based on the vulnerability of incidental coding to aging, different theta and gamma correlates could occur under the incidental versus intentional coding and retrieval of visuospatial information. Theta and gamma EEG was recorded from the frontotemporal regions, and incidental/intentional visuospatial learning was evaluated in young (25–60 years old) and elderly (60–85 years old) participants. The EEG recorded during encoding and retrieval was compared between incidental low-demand, incidental high-demand, and intentional conditions through an ANCOVA considering the patient’s gender, IQ, and years of schooling as covariates. Older adults exhibited worse performances, especially in place–object associations. After the intentional study, older participants showed a further increase in false-positive errors. Higher power at the theta and gamma bands was observed for frontotemporal derivations in older participants for both encoding and retrieval. Under retrieval, only young participants had lower power in terms of errors compared with correct responses. In conclusion, the different patterns of power and coherence support incidental and intentional visuospatial encoding and retrieval in young and elderly individuals. The correlates of power with behavior are sensitive to age and performance.
Understanding Users’ Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence Applications: A Literature Review
Authors: Jiang Pengtao , Niu Wanshu , Wang Qiaoli , Yuan Ruizhi , Chen Keyu
Published: August 2024

In recent years, with the continuous expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) application forms and fields, users’ acceptance of AI applications has attracted increasing attention from scholars and business practitioners. Although extant studies have extensively explored user acceptance of different AI applications, there is still a lack of understanding of the roles played by different AI applications in human–AI interaction, which may limit the understanding of inconsistent findings about user acceptance of AI. This study addresses this issue by conducting a systematic literature review on AI acceptance research in leading journals of Information Systems and Marketing disciplines from 2020 to 2023. Based on a review of 80 papers, this study made contributions by (i) providing an overview of methodologies and theoretical frameworks utilized in AI acceptance research; (ii) summarizing the key factors, potential mechanisms, and theorization of users’ acceptance response to AI service providers and AI task substitutes, respectively; and (iii) proposing opinions on the limitations of extant research and providing guidance for future research.
Analysis of Mechanical Properties during Construction Stages Reflecting the Construction Sequence for Long-Span Spatial Steel Structures
Authors: Yao Gang , Li Rui , Yang Yang , Cai Xiaodong , Zhou Yan , Zhou Canwei , Lei Ting
Published: August 2024

When constructing long-span spatial steel structures, the unformed structure is often incomplete and unstable. The construction sequence significantly influences the mechanical state of the structure during the construction stages (CSs), affecting both the path and time effects. This study examined the mechanical properties of the construction process using an actual project as a case study, comparing two methods: one-step forming and stage-by-stage forming. Critical turning points of stress and displacement during the CSs were identified as the initial installation and unloading stages. Stress concentrations frequently occurred at temporary support points, and peak displacements often appeared at the outer overhanging bars of the structure. A well-planned construction sequence can effectively manage the structure’s formation, boundaries, and loading to ensure construction safety and stability. The conclusions and analysis methods from this study provide valuable references for the design and construction of similar long-span spatial steel structures.
Influence of the Geometric Shape of the Courtyard of Traditional Wooden Folk Houses on the Lighting Performance of Their Central Room: A Case Study of the Traditional Folk Houses of the Tujia People in Western Hunan, China
Authors: Hao Yongchun , Li Zhe , Wu Jiade , Liu Jixin
Published: August 2024

Although traditional Chinese wooden residential buildings have historically adapted to their respective regions, they face challenges in meeting modern living standards, particularly with regard to insufficient indoor natural lighting. This study focuses on three representative Tujia residences: the “L-shaped” dwellings, the “U-shaped” dwellings, and the courtyard residences, with the aim of improving their indoor lighting performance. Using Ecotect 2011 software for computer simulations, the study investigates the impact of altering the geometric shapes of courtyards in traditional wooden residential buildings on the lighting of the central room. The results indicate that, for the “L-shaped” dwellings, the geometric dimensions of the courtyard have little impact on the lighting of the central room. For the “U-shaped” dwellings, the optimal courtyard geometry is achieved with a well index (WI) of 1, balancing residential functionality, economic considerations, and indoor lighting performance. Regarding the courtyard residences, the best results are obtained by minimizing the building height while maximizing the well depth index to 1. Additionally, the study shows that a square layout of 90° ∗ 90° is most favorable for courtyards, effectively balancing lighting performance, functionality, and aesthetics. These findings provide valuable insights for the renovation of existing traditional residences and the design of new buildings, aiming to enhance overall indoor lighting effectiveness.
Online Public Feedback on Mid- to High-Rise Biophilic Buildings: A Study of the Asia–Pacific Region over the Past Decade
Authors: Liu Yue , Guo Xiangmin
Published: August 2024

Over the past decade, biophilic architecture has been widely developed across the Asia–Pacific region. However, there is a notable lack of research based on online public reviews focusing on mid- to high-rise biophilic buildings, especially quantitative studies combining traditional architectural design features. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the typical floor plans and online public reviews of nine renowned biophilic buildings in the Asia–Pacific region. Using space syntax and natural language processing tools, the design features of typical floor plans and public feedback will be analyzed separately, and their correlation will be evaluated. Additionally, the content of negative and low-score reviews will be categorized to identify issues in current biophilic building designs. The findings suggest that biophilic design can stimulate widespread public discussion, with large direct blue–green elements receiving overwhelming attention. However, biophilic elements can also lead to negative sentiments due to factors like humidity, high temperatures, mold, and insects. This study provides insights and design recommendations for future biophilic buildings, demonstrating the value of biophilic design in public reviews and emphasizing the need to balance these factors to enhance public satisfaction and acceptance.
Seismic Assessment of Existing Masonry Buildings Using Damage Mechanics
Authors: Gonçalves Miguel , Ponte Madalena , Bento Rita
Published: August 2024

This paper presents research concerning the numerical simulation of existing masonry buildings when subjected to pushover analysis. A nonlinear static analysis is undertaken using the commercial software ABAQUS standard, in which masonry structures are modelled using damage mechanics. To validate the chosen input parameters, this study compares two different approaches for static nonlinear modelling, the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Equivalent Frame Method (EFM), for a simple masonry building. The two methods are compared using the guidelines from Part 3 of Eurocode 8. This study identifies the advantages and disadvantages of various modelling approaches based on the results obtained. The results are also compared in terms of capacity curves and damage distributions for the simple case study of a masonry building created to compare numerical methods. Subsequently, nonlinear pushover analyses with ABAQUS (FEM) were performed on the North Tower of Monserrate Palace, Portugal, in which the material parameters were calibrated by considering the results of dynamic characterisation tests conducted in-situ. Regarding the circular body of Monserrate Palace, the damage distribution of the structure is analysed in detail, aiming to contribute to the modelling of such structural configurations through the Equivalent Frame Method.
Targeting Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) in Solid Tumors: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Authors: Carosi Francesca , Broseghini Elisabetta , Fabbri Laura , Corradi Giacomo , Gili Riccardo , Forte Valentina , Roncarati Roberta , Filippini Daria Maria , Ferracin Manuela
Published: August 2024

The isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) enzymes are involved in key metabolic processes in human cells, regulating differentiation, proliferation, and oxidative damage response. IDH mutations have been associated with tumor development and progression in various solid tumors such as glioma, cholangiocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma, and other tumor types and have become crucial markers in molecular classification and prognostic assessment. The intratumoral and serum levels of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) could serve as diagnostic biomarkers for identifying IDH mutant (IDHmut) tumors. As a result, an increasing number of clinical trials are evaluating targeted treatments for IDH1/IDH2 mutations. Recent studies have shown that the focus of these new therapeutic strategies is not only the neomorphic activity of the IDHmut enzymes but also the epigenetic shift induced by IDH mutations and the potential role of combination treatments. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about IDH mutations in solid tumors, with a particular focus on available IDH-targeted treatments and emerging results from clinical trials aiming to explore IDHmut tumor-specific features and to identify the clinical benefit of IDH-targeted therapies and their combination strategies. An insight into future perspectives and the emerging roles of circulating biomarkers and radiomic features is also included.
FUCA1: An Underexplored p53 Target Gene Linking Glycosylation and Cancer Progression
Authors: Hu Die , Kobayashi Naoya , Ohki Rieko
Published: August 2024

Cancer is a difficult-to-cure disease with high worldwide incidence and mortality, in large part due to drug resistance and disease relapse. Glycosylation, which is a common modification of cellular biomolecules, was discovered decades ago and has been of interest in cancer research due to its ability to influence cellular function and to promote carcinogenesis. A variety of glycosylation types and structures regulate the function of biomolecules and are potential targets for investigating and treating cancer. The link between glycosylation and carcinogenesis has been more recently revealed by the role of p53 in energy metabolism, including the p53 target gene alpha-L-fucosidase 1 (FUCA1), which plays an essential role in fucosylation. In this review, we summarize roles of glycan structures and glycosylation-related enzymes to cancer development. The interplay between glycosylation and tumor microenvironmental factors is also discussed, together with involvement of glycosylation in well-characterized cancer-promoting mechanisms, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and p53-mediated pathways. Glycan structures also modulate cell–matrix interactions, cell–cell adhesion as well as cell migration and settlement, dysfunction of which can contribute to cancer. Thus, further investigation of the mechanistic relationships among glycosylation, related enzymes and cancer progression may provide insights into potential novel cancer treatments.
Gene Therapy for Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes
Authors: Leong Cameron J. , Sharma Sohat , Seth Jayant , Dave Archan , Abdul Ghafoor Abdul Aziz , Laksman Zachary
Published: August 2024

The emergence of gene therapy offers opportunities for treating a myriad of genetic disorders and complex diseases that previously had limited or no treatment options. The key basic strategies for gene therapy involve either the addition, inhibition, or introduction of a new gene, with a crucial component being the use of a delivery vector to effectively target cells. Particularly promising is the application of gene therapy for the treatment of inherited arrhythmia syndromes, conditions associated with significant mortality and morbidity that have limited treatment options, and a paucity of disease modifying therapy. This review aims to summarize the utility of gene therapy for the treatment of inherited arrhythmia syndromes by exploring the current state of knowledge, limitations, and future directions.
Study on the Catalytic Activity and Selectivity of Manganese Dioxide-Modified Nickel–Iron-Based Hydroxide Electrodes for Initiating the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Natural Seawater
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Fan Miaomiao , Yan Haofeng , Wang Zheng , Song Jimei , Wang Hui , Ren Jianwei
Published: August 2024

Transition metal oxides, particularly NiFe(OH)2, are recognized for their high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and structural stability. However, their performance in natural seawater electrolysis remains insufficiently studied. Manganese dioxide (MnO2), which is known for its multiple crystal phases and high OER selectivity, can be incorporated to enhance the catalytic properties. In this study, the OER catalytic performance of carbon cloth-supported manganese dioxide-modified nickel–iron bimetallic hydroxide (MnO2-NiFe-LDH/CC) electrodes was explored in both alkaline and natural seawater. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that the MnO2-NiFe-LDH/CC electrode achieved overpotentials of 284 mV and 363 mV at current densities of 10 mA·cm−2 and 100 mA·cm−2, respectively, with a Tafel slope of 68.6 mV·dec−1 in alkaline seawater. Most importantly, the prepared MnO2-NiFe-LDH/CC electrode maintained stable OER performance over 120 h of testing. In natural seawater, the MnO2-NiFe-LDH/CC electrode outperformed the NiFe-LDH/CC electrode by exhibiting an oxygen evolution selectivity of 61.1%. This study highlights the potential of MnO2-modified nickel–iron-based materials for efficient and stable OER in seawater electrolysis, which offers a promising approach for sustainable hydrogen production in coastal desert regions.
Study on the Micro Mechanism of Failure Evolution of Desulfurization Gypsum–Fly Ash Fluidized Lightweight Soil Based on Discrete Element Method
Authors: Li Xiuliang , Zuo Shen , Xu Xiaoyu , Li Haojie
Published: August 2024

To investigate the macroscopic mechanical properties and failure evolution mechanism of desulfurization gypsum–fly ash fluid lightweight soil, a microscale numerical model using PFC2D (Particle Flow Code) was constructed. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted to determine the microscopic parameters of the model, extracting information on the discrete fracture network type, quantity, age, and particle displacement trend. The crack morphology and propagation evolution of desulfurization gypsum–fly ash fluid lightweight soil were explored, and the destructive properties of desulfurization gypsum–fly ash fluid lightweight soil material were evaluated through energy indicators. The research findings suggest that the discrete element numerical model effectively simulates the stress–strain curve and failure characteristics of materials. Under uniaxial compression conditions, microcracks dominated by shear failure occur in the initial loading stage of desulfurization gypsum–fly ash fluid lightweight soil, with a through crack dominated by tensile failure appearing once the load exceeds the peak stress. The dissipated energy evolution in the flow state of desulfurization gypsum–fly ash fluid lightweight soil is relatively gentle, leading to delayed cracking after surpassing the peak stress point.
Experimental Study and Mechanism Analysis of the Influence of Micro-Dimple Geometry on the Adhesion Strength of Textured Coatings
Authors: Fu Hao , Yang Xiao , Mei Mei , Yang Jie , Zhang Yanhu , Ji Jinghu , Fu Yonghong
Published: August 2024

Textured coating technology is an effective method to improve the friction and wear performance of mold surfaces. The adhesion strength at the interface between the texture and the coating is crucial for its long-term serviceability. This paper studies the adhesion strength of micro-dimple’s topography textured coatings, aiming to reveal the influence mechanism of micro-dimples on the adhesion strength of textured coating interfaces. Different diameters or texture area ratios of micro-dimples were prepared on the sample surface using a picosecond laser, followed by PVD coating deposition. Scratching tests and indentation tests were then conducted on the textured coating surface. The adhesion strength and crack propagation behavior of the coating on the surface of different samples were studied under dynamic and static contact conditions. The results showed that under dynamic contact conditions, the critical load for coating failure of most textured samples was higher than that of non-textured samples. As the depth and diameter of the micro-dimple’s topography increased, the critical load first increased and then decreased, with the maximum critical load being 14.9% higher than that of the non-textured samples. Under static contact conditions, almost no coating spalling was observed around the indentation on the surface of the micro-dimple’s topography textured coating, while the spalling areas of non-textured samples were mainly at the edges and surrounding areas of the indentation. In contrast, the spalling regions of the textured samples were primarily concentrated at the edges of the texture. It can be seen that the dimpled texture hinders crack propagation and reduces the interlocking network of cracks, thereby reducing coating spalling. The research results provide important theoretical guidance for the design and optimization of textured coatings on mold surfaces.
Thermal-Insulation Fillers’ Influences on the Heating Resistance of PDMS-Based Aerogel Layer
Authors: Liu Linlin , Zhang Xinyi , Li Weizhen , Wang Shuchuan , Wang Jihu , Wang Shirong , Yang Jingxia
Published: August 2024

PDMS-based aerogel layers were synthesized as insulation layers by adopting mullite fiber (MF), hollow glass microspheres (HGM) and silica aerogel (SA) as the main fillers, and their loading amounts and content ratios were checked to investigate their effects on the thermal insulation properties in PDMS composites by thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and thermal insulation. The loading amount of nanofillers can significantly influence the insulation-layer performance, and the best performance with the lowest thermal conductivity of 0.0568 W/(m·K) was obtained by 10 wt% loading in PDMS with MF:SA:HGM = 2:2:1, which can achieve a temperature difference (∆T) of 67 °C on a 200 °C hotplate. Moreover, the variation of the filler content ratios can also affect the thermal insulation behavior when the loading amount is fixed at 10 wt%, and the best thermal barrier performance can be found for the sample with more SA as the filler (MF:SA:HGM = 1:3:1). The formed sample had the best thermal stability and thermal insulation property, which can stand a 9 min flame test without burning by butane spray gun, and the backside of the sample showed ∆T > 500 °C for the whole test.
Interface and Size Effects of Amorphous Si/Amorphous Silicon Oxynitride Multilayer Structures on the Photoluminescence Spectrum
Authors: Song Chao , Song Jie , Wang Xiang
Published: August 2024

A room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) study of amorphous Si/amorphous silicon oxynitride multilayer films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is reported. The PL peak position can be tuned from 800 nm to 660 nm by adjusting the oxygen/nitride ratio in the a-SiOxNy:H sublayer. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra indicate that the shift of the PL peak position is accompanied by an increase in the Si-O-Si absorption peak’s intensity, which induces the structural disorder at the interface, resulting in an increase in band gap energy. The effects of size on the photoluminescence spectrum have been studied. As a result, it has been observed that the addition of oxygen atoms introduces a large number of localized states at the interface, causing a blue shift in the emission peak position. With an increase in oxygen atoms, the localized states tend to saturate, and the quantum phenomenon caused by the a-Si sublayer becomes more pronounced. It is found that, as the thickness of the a-Si sublayer decreases, the increase in the [O/N] ratio is more likely to cause an increase in disordered states, leading to a decrease in luminescence intensity. For a-Si/a-SiOxNy:H samples with thinner a-Si sublayers, an appropriate value of [O/N] is required to achieve luminescence enhancement. When the value of [O/N] is one, the enhanced luminescence is obtained. It is also suggested that the PL originates from the radiative recombination in the localized states’ T3- level-related negatively charged silicon dangling bond in the band tail of the a-Si:H sublayer embedded in an a-Si/a-SiOxNy:H multilayer structure.
Assessment of the Amino Acid L-Histidine as a Corrosion Inhibitor for a 1018 Carbon Steel in Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solution
Authors: Moura Milena Jacinto da Silva , Vasques Roberta Bastos , Magalhães Saulo Jose de melo , Almeida Neto Francisco Wagner de Queiroz , de Lima Neto Pedro , dos Santos Luís Paulo Mourão , Florez Mauro Andres Cerra , Ribas Gemma Fargas , Medeiros Samuel Lucas Santos , Salomão Francisco Carlos Carneiro Soares , Barros Eduardo Bedê , Araújo Walney Silva
Published: August 2024

The amino acid L-histidine, which has an imidazole ring, was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for AISI 1018 carbon steel in chloride solution based on the effectiveness of inhibitors containing imidazole in their composition. A neutral environment was chosen for this study due to the scarcity of research on this amino acid in this environment type. Concentrations of 250, 500, and 1000 ppm were evaluated. Various methods were used to determine inhibition effectiveness, including mass loss, open circuit potential, linear potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. For mass loss, the inhibition efficiency varied from 83 to 88% according to the increase in concentration. For the electrochemical tests, the efficiency variation ranged from 62 to 90% with increasing amino acid concentration. Furthermore, a simulation analysis using quantum chemical calculations within the scope of Density Functional Theory (DFT) revealed that histidine’s nucleophilic character is crucial for its corrosion inhibitory capacity in an aqueous medium at pH 7. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing concentration in a neutral medium, following the Langmuir isotherm for the adsorption of L-histidine. Additional studies were carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TGA). Analysis of the substrate surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed greater preservation with the addition of L-histidine, confirming its adsorption on the steel. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) also demonstrated an improvement in surface roughness in the presence of amino acids compared to the medium without an inhibitor.
Differentiating Well-Differentiated from Poorly-Differentiated HCC: The Potential and the Limitation of Gd-EOB-DTPA in the Presence of Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Goetz Andrea , Verloh Niklas , Utpatel Kirsten , Fellner Claudia , Rennert Janine , Einspieler Ingo , Doppler Michael , Luerken Lukas , Alizadeh Leona S. , Uller Wibke , Stroszczynski Christian , Haimerl Michael
Published: August 2024

This study uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the potential of the hepatospecific contrast agent gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) in distinguishing G1- from G2/G3-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our approach involved analyzing the dynamic behavior of the contrast agent in different phases of imaging by signal intensity (SI) and lesion contrast (C), to surrounding liver parenchyma, and comparing it across distinct groups of patients differentiated based on the histopathological grading of their HCC lesions and the presence of liver cirrhosis. Our results highlighted a significant contrast between well- and poorly-differentiated lesions regarding the lesion contrast in the arterial and late arterial phases. Furthermore, the hepatobiliary phase showed limited diagnostic value in cirrhotic liver parenchyma due to altered pharmacokinetics. Ultimately, our findings underscore the potential of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI as a tool for improving preoperative diagnosis and treatment selection for HCC while emphasizing the need for continued research to overcome the diagnostic complexities posed by the disease.
Compact Broadband Negative Group Delay Circuit with Flatness and Bandwidth Enhancement
Authors: Meng Yuwei , Li Peng , Yuan Aixia , Lan Zhenping
Published: August 2024

A novel compact broadband negative group delay (NGD) circuit with flatness and bandwidth enhancement is presented. The presented negative group delay circuit (NGDC) consists of a high-impedance transmission line connected by two resistors, which are linked together with two coupled lines and a low-impedance transmission line. The flatness of the NGD is enhanced by tuning the characteristic impedance of the transmission lines. In order to verify the method, a compact broadband NGDC with a size of 29.4 mm × 58.1 mm (0.14 λg × 0.29 λg) is designed, fabricated, and measured at the center frequency of 1.0 GHz. The measured results show that an NGD time of −0.49 ns at the center frequency is obtained with return loss and insertion loss of 35.0 dB and 18 dB, respectively. And, the flat-NGD bandwidth reaches 509 MHz (50.9%) over 0.766 to 1.275 GHz with 19% group-delay fluctuation.
Object Detection and Monocular Stable Distance Estimation for Road Environments: A Fusion Architecture Using YOLO-RedeCa and Abnormal Jumping Change Filter
Authors: Lv Hejun , Du Yu , Ma Yan , Yuan Ying
Published: August 2024

Enabling rapid and accurate comprehensive environmental perception for vehicles poses a major challenge. Object detection and monocular distance estimation are the two main technologies, though they are often used separately. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen and optimize the interaction between them. Vehicle motion or object occlusions can cause sudden variations in the positions or sizes of detection boxes within temporal data, leading to fluctuations in distance estimates. So, we propose a method to integrate a detector based on YOLOv5-RedeCa, a Bot-Sort tracker and an anomaly jumping change filter. This combination allows for more accurate detection and tracking of objects. The anomaly jump filter smooths distance variations caused by sudden changes in detection box sizes. Our method increases accuracy while reducing computational demands, showing outstanding performance on several datasets. Notably, on the KITTI dataset, the standard deviation of the continuous ranging results remains consistently low, especially in scenarios with multiple object occlusions or disappearances. These results validate our method’s effectiveness and precision in managing dual tasks.
An Encrypted Traffic Classification Approach Based on Path Signature Features and LSTM
Authors: Mei Yihe , Luktarhan Nurbol , Zhao Guodong , Yang Xiaotong
Published: August 2024

Classifying encrypted traffic is a crucial aspect of network security. However, popular methods face several limitations, such as a reliance on feature engineering and the need for complex model architectures to ensure effective classification. To address these challenges, we propose a method that combines path signature features with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models to classify service types within encrypted traffic. Our approach constructs traffic paths using packet size and arrival times. We generate path signature features at various scales using an innovative multi-scale cumulative feature extraction technique. These features serve as inputs for LSTM networks to perform the classification. Notably, by using only 24 sequential packet features in conjunction with LSTM models, our method has achieved significant success in classifying service types within encrypted traffic. The experimental results highlight the superiority of our proposed method compared to leading approaches in the field.
Review of Key Technologies in Modeling and Control of DC Transmission Systems Based on IGCT
Authors: Yao Degui , Zhang Di , Li Qiang , Li Chenghao , Gao Ze , Yuan Zhichang , Liu Kai , Wang Xiangxu , Kang Jianshuang , Li Tingting
Published: August 2024

The integrated gate-commutated thyristor (IGCT) has the advantages of high voltage, high current, high reliability, and low manufacturing costs and has the potential to replace thyristor devices in the field of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission. Over time, the development and manufacture of IGCT devices, drivers, and valve bodies have gradually matured, but the modeling and control technology of HVDC systems based on IGCT needs further research. This review aims to discuss the research status of key technologies of HVDC system modeling and control based on the IGCT in recent years, including the development of HVDC systems and the application potential of the IGCT, the efficient simulation and modeling technology of the IGCT HVDC system, and the key problems of HVDC system control technology based on the IGCT. At the same time, according to the author’s point of view, the existing problems and difficulties are extracted, and the next development ideas are clarified.
A Fast Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Scheme Combining GPU-Accelerated Shooting and Bouncing Ray and Back Projection Algorithm under Wide Bandwidths and Angles
Authors: Chen Jiongming , Yang Pengju , Zhang Rong , Wu Rui
Published: August 2024

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging techniques are frequently used in target classification and recognition applications, due to its capability to produce high-resolution images for moving targets. In order to meet the demand of ISAR imaging for electromagnetic calculation with high efficiency and accuracy, a novel accelerated shooting and bouncing ray (SBR) method is presented by combining a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) and Bounding Volume Hierarchies (BVH) tree structure. To overcome the problem of unfocused images by a Fourier-based ISAR procedure under wide-angle and wide-bandwidth conditions, an efficient parallel back projection (BP) imaging algorithm is developed by utilizing the GPU acceleration technique. The presented GPU-accelerated SBR is validated by comparison with the RL-GO method in commercial software FEKO v2020. For ISAR images, it is clearly indicated that strong scattering centers as well as target profiles can be observed under large observation azimuth angles, Δφ=90°, and wide bandwidths, 3 GHz. It is also indicated that ISAR imaging is heavily sensitive to observation angles. In addition, obvious sidelobes can be observed, due to the phase history of the electromagnetic wave being distorted resulting from multipole scattering. Simulation results confirm the feasibility and efficiency of our scheme by combining GPU-accelerated SBR with the BP algorithm for fast ISAR imaging simulation under wide-angle and wide-bandwidth conditions.
Multi-Objective Supervisory Control in More-Electric Aircraft Using Model Predictive Control: An ORCHESTRA Application
Authors: Canciello Giacomo , Cacciapuoti Luigi , Perrotta Angelo , Guida Beniamino , Cavallo Alberto
Published: August 2024

The crucial issue of supervising and managing electrical energy in the context of aircraft electrification, known as More-Electric Aircraft (MEA), is addressed in this paper. In the pursuit of developing energy-efficient solutions with reduced environmental impact, this research contributes valuable insights into innovative control strategies crucial for advancing aircraft electrification technologies. Through optimization techniques, the management of energy aims to maximize the proposed objectives. With a focus on controlling battery power for charging, discharging, and load shedding, this study employs Model Predictive Control (MPC) alongside an optimizer solving a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem. Constraints encompass various aspects, including battery charging, maximum generator power, battery absorption, discharge limits, and converter power limitations. Theoretical results and detailed simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in finding a good compromise among the objectives subjected to the system constraints. Practical validation of the proposed approach is conducted through the European project ORCHESTRA, utilizing comprehensive system simulations in Matlab/Simulink (2022b).