bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimally discriminative subnetwork markers predict response to chemotherapy
Authors: Dao Phuong , Wang Kendric , Collins Colin , Ester Martin , Lapuk Anna , Sahinalp S. Cenk
Published: June 2011

Motivation: Molecular profiles of tumour samples have been widely and successfully used for classification problems. A number of algorithms have been proposed to predict classes of tumor samples based on expression profiles with relatively high performance. However, prediction of response to cancer treatment has proved to be more challenging and novel approaches with improved generalizability are still highly needed. Recent studies have clearly demonstrated the advantages of integrating protein–protein interaction (PPI) data with gene expression profiles for the development of subnetwork markers in classification problems.

Results: We describe a novel network-based classification algorithm (OptDis) using color coding technique to identify optimally discriminative subnetwork markers. Focusing on PPI networks, we apply our algorithm to drug response studies: we evaluate our algorithm using published cohorts of breast cancer patients treated with combination chemotherapy. We show that our OptDis method improves over previously published subnetwork methods and provides better and more stable performance compared with other subnetwork and single gene methods. We also show that our subnetwork method produces predictive markers that are more reproducible across independent cohorts and offer valuable insight into biological processes underlying response to therapy.

Availability: The implementation is available at: http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~pdao/personal/OptDis.html

Contact:  cenk@cs.sfu.ca; alapuk@prostatecentre.com; ccollins@prostatecentre.com
Genetic Diversity and Aggressiveness of Ralstonia solanacearum Strains Causing Bacterial Wilt of Potato in Uruguay
Authors: Siri M. I. , Sanabria A. , Pianzzola M. J.
Published: June 2011

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a major disease affecting potato (Solanum tuberosum) production worldwide. Although local reports suggest that the disease is widespread in Uruguay, characterization of prevalent R. solanacearum strains in that country has not been done. In all, 28 strains of R. solanacearum isolated from major potato-growing areas in Uruguay were evaluated, including 26 strains isolated from potato tubers and 2 from soil samples. All strains belonged to phylotype IIB, sequevar 1 (race 3, biovar 2). Genetic diversity of strains was assessed by repetitive-sequence polymerase chain reaction, which showed that the Uruguayan strains constituted a homogeneous group. In contrast, inoculation of the strains on tomato and potato plants showed, for the first time, different levels of aggressiveness among R. solanacearum strains belonging to phylotype IIB, sequevar 1. Aggressiveness assays were also performed on accessions of S. commersonii, a wild species native to Uruguay that is a source of resistance for potato breeding. No significant interactions were found between bacterial strains and potato and S. commersonii genotypes, and differences in aggressiveness among R. solanacearum strains were consistent with previously identified groups based on tomato and potato inoculations. Moreover, variation in responses to R. solanacearum was observed among the S. commersonii accessions tested.
Transmission Efficiency of Potato virus Y strains PVYO and PVYN-Wi by Five Aphid Species
Authors: Mello A. F. S. , Olarte R. A. , Gray S. M. , Perry K. L.
Published: June 2011

Potato virus Y (PVY) is a reemerging problem in potato production in North America. Although the “ordinary” strain, PVYO, is still the dominant isolate in U.S. seed potatoes, the recombinant strain of the virus PVYN-Wi (= PVYN:O) has become widespread. An increase in the prevalence of a PVY strain could be due to differences in the efficiency of transmission by aphid vectors. The transmission efficiency by a clone of Myzus persicae was determined for five isolates each of PVYO and PVYN-Wi. An aphid transmission assay was developed based on the use of potato seedlings from true potato seed, allowing for greater control of plant age and growth stage. No apparent differences in transmission by M. persicae were observed. Single isolates of PVYO and PVYN-Wi were tested for their ability to be transmitted from potato to potato by five aphid species: Aphis glycines, A. gossypii, A. nasturtii, M. persicae, and Rhopalosiphum padi. Both PVY isolates showed a similar transmission phenotype in being transmitted efficiently by M. persicae but very poorly or not at all by A. glycines, A. gossypii, and R. padi. The aphid A. nasturtii transmitted both isolates with an intermediate level of efficiency. The data do not support a model for a differential aphid transmissibility being responsible for the increase in the prevalence of PVYN-Wi.
Intraspecific scaling laws of vascular trees
Authors: Huo Yunlong , Kassab Ghassan S.
Published: June 2011

A fundamental physics-based derivation of intraspecific scaling laws of vascular trees has not been previously realized. Here, we provide such a theoretical derivation for the volume–diameter and flow–length scaling laws of intraspecific vascular trees. In conjunction with the minimum energy hypothesis, this formulation also results in diameter–length, flow–diameter and flow–volume scaling laws. The intraspecific scaling predicts the volume–diameter power relation with a theoretical exponent of 3, which is validated by the experimental measurements for the three major coronary arterial trees in swine (where a least-squares fit of these measurements has exponents of 2.96, 3 and 2.98 for the left anterior descending artery, left circumflex artery and right coronary artery trees, respectively). This scaling law as well as others agrees very well with the measured morphometric data of vascular trees in various other organs and species. This study is fundamental to the understanding of morphological and haemodynamic features in a biological vascular tree and has implications for vascular disease.
JmjN interacts with JmjC to ensure selective proteolysis of Gis1 by the proteasome
Authors: Quan Zhenzhen , Oliver Stephen G. , Zhang Nianshu
Published: June 2011

A group of JmjC domain-containing proteins also harbour JmjN domains. Although the JmjC domain is known to possess histone demethylase activity, the function of the JmjN domain remains largely undetermined. Previously, we have demonstrated that the yeast Gis1 transcription factor, bearing both JmjN and JmjC domains at its N terminus, is subject to proteasome-mediated selective proteolysis to downregulate its transcription activation ability. Here, we reveal that the JmjN and JmjC domains interact with each other through two β-sheets, one in each domain. Removal of either or both β-strands or the entire JmjN domain leads to complete degradation of Gis1, mediated partially by the proteasome. Mutating the core residues essential for histone demethylase activity demonstrated for other JmjC-containing proteins or deleting both Jumonji domains enhances the transcription activity of Gis1, but has no impact on its selective proteolysis by the proteasome. Together, these data suggest that JmjN and JmjC interact physically to form a structural unit that ensures the stability and appropriate transcription activity of Gis1.
Hedgehog signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in various types of cancer
Authors: Onishi Hideya , Katano Mitsuo
Published: June 2011

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is an important factor in growth and patterning during embryonic development. A mutation in Patched, Smoothened or Gli1, which regulate the Hh signaling pathway, might lead to the onset of glioblastoma, basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Recently, Hh signaling has been reported to be activated in a ligand‐dependent manner, contributing to carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Hedgehog signaling is reactivated in various types of cancer, and this contributes to cancer progression by facilitating proliferation, invasion and cell survival. Moreover, Hh signaling is associated with several other signaling pathways that contribute to cancer progression. These observations indicate that controlling Hh signaling might become a target for novel molecular targeting therapy. (Cancer Sci 2011; 102: 1756–1760)
The association between antipsychotic agents and the risk of myocardial infarction: a systematic review
Authors: Brauer Ruth , Douglas Ian , Smeeth Liam
Published: June 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT

• An unfavourable risk profile for myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with various lifestyle factors and co‐morbidities that are more prevalent among patients with severe mental illness.

• Patient populations that are prescribed antipsychotic agents have a higher cardiovascular mortality rate than the general population.

• The association between the use of antipsychotic agents and any increase in the risk of MI is unclear.

WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS

• The aim of this systematic literature review was to assess the relationship between antipsychotic agents and MI.

• Substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity between the five studies in this review led to an inconclusive answer to the question whether the use of antipsychotics is associated with the incidence of MI in adults.

• The largest study had a favourable internal validity compared with the other studies and did not find an association between the use of antipsychotic agents and an increased risk of MI.

AIM Patient populations that are prescribed antipsychotic agents have higher cardiovascular mortality rates. The risk of myocardial infarction is influenced by various factors that are more prevalent in patients with a mental illness. The aim of this review was to determine whether the use of antipsychotic agents is associated with the incidence of myocardial infarction in adults.

METHODS Using multiple sources, all studies of antipsychotic agents using myocardial infarction as primary or secondary outcome measures were considered for inclusion. Study populations were adult subjects who had been prescribed an antipsychotic agent at least once in their medical history.

RESULTS It total, five studies were identified. Four studies with small numbers of events reported a moderate to strong effect of typical antipsychotic agents on the risk of myocardial infarction. The largest study had a favourable internal validity compared with all other studies and reported no association between the risk of myocardial infarction and current use of either atypical (relative risk 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88, 1.09) or typical antipsychotic agents (relative risk 0.99, 95% CI 0.96, 1.03).

CONCLUSION Clinical and methodological heterogeneity between the studies in this review led to an inconclusive answer to the question whether the use of antipsychotics is associated with the incidence of myocardial infarction in adults. Whilst results conflicted, the largest study did not find an association between the use of antipsychotic agents and an increased risk of myocardial infarction.
Development and effectiveness of a school programme on improving body image among elementary school students in Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Mei‐Chiang , Liou Yiing‐Mei , Chien Li‐Yin
Published: June 2011

yeh m.‐c., liou y.‐m. & chien l.‐y. (2012) Development and effectiveness of a school programme on improving body image among elementary school students in Taiwan.Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(2), 434–443.

Aim. The objectives of this study were to develop a programme to improve body image among elementary school students and to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme.

Background. The idea that a slim body is beautiful has become popular in recent decades, and has negatively impacted body image among school children. There is a need for further development of prevention programmes.

Methods. This study applied a quasi‐experimental design. The study participants were 314 5th and 6th graders in two elementary schools in Taipei City, with 112 in the intervention group and 202 in the control group. The intervention group received an 8‐week educational programme. The study participants filled out structured questionnaires at preintervention, postintervention and 3 months after intervention between October 2007 and April 2008. The indicators of effectiveness included perceptional (estimation of body size), attitudinal (body satisfaction) and behavioural (diet and vomiting to lose weight) aspects of body image.

Findings. Intervention students showed a greater increase in body satisfaction from pretest to posttest relative to controls. At 3 months after intervention, the intervention students still had significantly higher body satisfaction than controls. There were no statistically significant differences in the perceptional and behavioural aspects of body image.

Conclusion. This study demonstrated that a school programme improved body satisfaction among elementary school students. The findings of this study could serve as a basis for further development of body image programmes for children to prevent a drastically deteriorating body image when they enter puberty.
Open‐source learning management systems: a predictive model for higher education
Authors: Williams van Rooij S.
Published: June 2011

The present study investigated the role of pedagogical, technical, and institutional profile factors in an institution of higher education's decision to select an open‐source learning management system (LMS). Drawing on the results of previous research that measured patterns of deployment of open‐source software (OSS) in US higher education and the relative importance of specific selection criteria when considering an OSS LMS, a Web survey was conducted among 285 Chief Information Officers and Chief Academic Officers from a variety of US institutions to determine patterns of OSS LMS deployment, as well as the influence of specific selection criteria. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed Carnegie Classification, institutional governance, previous experience with OSS, focus on student learning, and the commitment to organizational self‐reliance to be key influencers in the OSS LMS selection decision. The implications of these findings for future research and for institutional decision‐making are discussed.
Genomic characterization of Calla lily chlorotic spot virus and design of broad‐spectrum primers for detection of tospoviruses
Authors: Chen T.‐C. , Li J.‐T. , Lin Y.‐P. , Yeh Y.‐C. , Kang Y.‐C. , Huang L.‐H. , Yeh S.‐D.
Published: June 2011

Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV) collected from calla lily plants showing symptoms in Taiwan has been identified as a tentative species of the genus Tospovirus based on the comparison of S RNA sequences. In this investigation, the complete sequences of its L and M RNAs were determined. The L RNA contains 8911 nucleotides (nt) and encodes a putative RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase of 2882 amino acids (aa) (332 kDa) in the viral complementary (vc) sense. The M RNA was shown to be 4704 nt in length, encoding a nonstructural NSm protein of 309 aa (35 kDa) in the viral sense and a Gn/Gc glycoprotein precursor (GP) of 1123 aa (128 kDa) in the vc sense. Phylogenetic analysis of the individual tospoviral proteins indicated that CCSV is closely related to Tomato zonate spot virus, a new tentative tospovirus isolated from tomato in southern China. Two degenerate primer pairs gL2740/gL3920c and gM410/gM870c, designed, after sequence comparison, from the highly conserved regions of the L and NSm genes, respectively, were successfully used to detect 12 greenhouse‐cultured tospoviruses, including six formal species and six tentative species, by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. They were also used to detect Melon yellow spot virus and Watermelon silver mottle virus from field cucurbit samples in Taiwan. The results indicate that the two degenerate primer pairs can be used for prompt detection of most tospoviruses and exploration of unknown tospovirus species.
An overview of hybrid marine and lacustrine seas and saline lakes of the world
Authors: Plotnikov Igor S. , Aladin Nikolai V.
Published: June 2011

Water salinity is one of the major environmental factors influencing hydrobionts. Based on the concept of relativity and plurality of barrier salinity zones, barrier salinities are related to the development of the osmoregulatory capacities of hydrobionts and to the chemical composition of the water they inhabit. These zones are not of equal importance. The entire hydrosphere might be divided into freshwater, brackish water, marine and hyperhaline salinity zones and transitional zones between them. Approximate boundaries and corresponding barrier salinities are defined for all these zones. Revealing barrier salinity zones requires studying the osmoregulatory capacities of hydrobionts and the distribution of their salinity boundaries. We distinguish between four barrier salinities or horohalinicums for marine and continental waters: α (5–8‰), β (22–26‰), γ (45–50‰) and ™ (0.5–2‰). In metamorphized continental waters, barrier salinities are shifted to higher concentrations. Salinity barrier values can change the subsequent evolution of salinity adaptations and osmoregulation capacities. Maracaibo Lake is characterized by freshwater and freshwater–brackish water zones. Deepening of the lake shipping lane increased the salt flux, with the appearance of a brackish‐water zone. This study proposes to distinguish hybrid lentic waterbodies that include the Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Maracaibo Lake, which have lost their lacustrine characteristics and are now characterized by intermixing marine (saline) and continental (fresh) waters.
Impact of crop management on weed species diversity and community composition of winter wheat fields in Iran
Authors: RASSAM GHORBANALI , LATIFI NASSER , SOLTANI AFSHIN , KAMKAR BEHNAM
Published: June 2011

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of crop management practices on the diversity, structure, and composition of weed communities. A total of 30 fields (15 fields each) in low‐input and conventional farming systems were surveyed in north‐eastern Iran. In the conventional cropping system, both mineral fertilizers and herbicides were applied, while in the low‐input cropping system, the fertilizer was mainly manure and herbicides were avoided. The results showed that the pool of species, species richness, number of unique species, and Shannon's diversity index were greater in the low‐input system than in the conventional system. Both cropping systems had more broad‐leaved species than grasses and more annual species than perennial species. All the multivariate methods of analysis that were applied revealed that the weed community composition was significantly different between the two management types. The low‐input cropping favored herbicide‐susceptible broad‐leaved weeds, legumes, and weeds with biodiversity value, whereas a high proportion of herbicide‐tolerant grasses was found in the conventional fields. The results suggest that low‐input cropping can sustain high weed diversity and abundance.
Persistent lipid abnormalities in statin‐treated patients with diabetes mellitus in Europe and Canada: results of the Dyslipidaemia International Study
Authors: Leiter L. A. , Lundman P. , da Silva P. M. , Drexel H. , Jünger C. , Gitt A. K. ,   on behalf of the DYSIS investigators
Published: June 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 1343–1351 (2011)

Aim  To assess the prevalence of persistent lipid abnormalities in statin‐treated patients with diabetes with and without the metabolic syndrome.

Methods  This was a cross‐sectional study of 22 063 statin‐treated outpatients consecutively recruited by clinicians in Canada and 11 European countries. Patient cardiovascular risk factors, risk level, lipid measurements and lipid‐modifying medication regimens were recorded.

Results  Of the 20 129 subjects who had documented diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome status, 41% had diabetes (of whom 86.8% also had the metabolic syndrome). Of those with diabetes, 48.1% were not at total cholesterol target compared with 58% of those without diabetes. Amongst those with diabetes, 41.6 and 41.3% of those with and without the metabolic syndrome, respectively, were not at their LDL cholesterol goal relative to 54.2% of those with metabolic syndrome and without diabetes, and 52% of those with neither condition. Twenty per cent of people with diabetes but without the metabolic syndrome were not at the optimal HDL cholesterol level compared with 9% of those with neither condition. Of people with diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, 49.9% were not at optimal triglyceride level relative to 13.5% of people with neither diabetes nor the metabolic syndrome. Simvastatin was the most commonly prescribed statin (> 45%) and the most common statin potency was 20–40 mg/day (simvastatin equivalent). Approximately 14% of patients were taking ezetimibe alone or in combination with a statin.

Conclusions  Despite evidence supporting the benefits of lipid modification and international guideline recommendations, statin‐treated patients with diabetes had a high prevalence of persistent lipid abnormalities. There is frequently room to optimize therapy through statin dose up‐titration and/or addition of other lipid‐modifying therapies.
Age Differences in Strategic Planning as Indexed by the Tower of London
Authors: Albert Dustin , Steinberg Laurence
Published: June 2011

The present study examined age differences in performance on the Tower of London, a measure of strategic planning, in a diverse sample of 890 individuals between the ages of 10 and 30. Although mature performance was attained by age 17 on relatively easy problems, performance on the hardest problems showed improvements into the early 20s. Furthermore, whereas age‐related performance gains by children and adolescents (ages 10–17) on the hardest problems were partially mediated by maturational improvements in both working memory and impulse control, improved performance in adulthood (ages 18+) was fully mediated by late gains in impulse control. Findings support an emerging picture of late adolescence as a time of continuing improvement in planned, goal‐directed behavior.
GOVERNMENT CONTINUES TO DO ITS JOB. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GOVERNANCE SHIFTS IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR
Authors: CAPANO GILIBERTO
Published: June 2011

Governance in higher education has undergone certain substantial shifts in recent decades. In order to analyse this process from an empirical point of view, a specific understanding of governance, based on the role of the public power in question (state, government or another such power, depending on the context) has been assumed. Changes in systemic governance (and consequently also at the institutional level) are a product in particular of governments' responses to changes in their respective environments. This theoretical assumption, which in this particular study takes the form of a specific typology of governance modes, is employed to analyse those changes witnessed in higher education over the last 20 years. It does this by focusing on four specific national cases (England, Germany, Italy and The Netherlands). The empirical evidence shows that government continues to govern, and has not lost any of its policy‐making power, but has simply changed the way it steers higher education.
VERTICAL STRATEGIC ALIGNMENT AND PUBLIC SERVICE PERFORMANCE
Authors: ANDREWS RHYS , BOYNE GEORGE A. , MEIER KENNETH J. , O'TOOLE LAURENCE J. , WALKER RICHARD M.
Published: June 2011

We report the results of a study examining the effects of vertical strategic alignment (that is, the degree to which strategic stances are consistent across different organizational levels) on public service performance. Longitudinal multivariate analysis is undertaken on a panel of public organizations over four years. We find that alignment on a prospecting strategy leads to better performance, but that no such effect is observed for a defending strategy. We also find that high levels of prospecting alignment produce stronger positive performance effects in centralized organizations and when environmental uncertainty is high. The implications of these findings for research and practice are considered in the conclusion.
THE LISBON AGENDA AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY: GOVERNANCE IMPLICATIONS FROM A GERMAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: GRIMM HEIKE M.
Published: June 2011

With the Lisbon Strategy and mandate, the European Commission committed itself to promoting entrepreneurship as a major driver of innovation, competitiveness, and growth. This paper demonstrates that the renaissance of entrepreneurship policy along with the implementation of the Lisbon Agenda resulted in the localization of policy‐making, and re‐strengthened policy‐makers on the ground to successfully mobilize directly at the supranational level. Furthermore, it shows that EU entrepreneurship policy‐making has contributed to a shift from hierarchical government to a more horizontal and interactive form of governance in the new GermanLaenderwhich were highly exposed to Structural Funds and the Lisbon Agenda. The focus of analysis on the sub‐national level helps to fill an academic void in Europeanization and governance literature. By integrating a region‐ and policy‐specific perspective, this contribution goes beyond theorizing the regional dimension of Europeanization in a multi‐level governance scheme.
The Economic Crisis as a Trigger of Convergence? Short‐time Work in Italy, Germany and Austria
Authors: Sacchi Stefano , Pancaldi Federico , Arisi Claudia
Published: June 2011

In all European countries, emergency policy measures have been introduced in order to counteract the employment consequences of the economic crisis. In the context of variously composed anti‐crisis packages, many European countries have used Short‐Time Work (STW) schemes, that is measures to subsidize a temporary reduction in working time intended to maintain an employment relationship. This article focuses on the issue of whether the economic crisis has spurred any convergence in the use of STW in three social‐insurance countries – Austria, Germany and Italy – or whether policy change has rather occurred in a path‐dependent fashion. In order to do so, the article also adopts a systemic approach, focusing on relationships of complementarity or functional substitution and equivalence among the various schemes comprising income maintenance systems to tackle the risks of partial or total unemployment.
The Reproduction of ‘Cultural Taste’ Amongst the Ukrainian Diaspora in Bradford, England
Authors: Forero Oscar , Smith Graham
Published: June 2011

This paper refers to research with Ukrainian families in Bradford that was conducted in an attempt to investigate the transmission of values, with particular reference to food. Here we report on how this research led us towards a better understanding of how cultural ‘taste’ evolves between generations. The paper thus draws upon three studies undertaken in the 1980s, 1990s and more recently between 2005 and 2008 with those who identify themselves with the Ukrainian communities in the city. The first two studies used oral history to collect life stories, while the more recent research used a range of anthropological methods. We have sought to draw in particular on, and combine theoretical insights from, Bourdieu and Passeron's work on ‘habitus’ (1979) and Mannheim's concept of ‘generational style’ (1997). By combining the earlier testimonies with more recent data, we conclude that each generation has developed its own distinctive projects and styles as it has negotiated its historical times. In arriving at this conclusion we want to suggest that while the influences of technology and media are influential in transforming ‘taste’, and foodways in particular, the generational projects and their food ideologies were the main determinant factor shaping the foodways of the Ukrainian diaspora.
Forum for the Ugly People – Study of an Imagined Community
Authors: Adamczyk Maria
Published: June 2011

This paper asks how sickness, aesthetics and politics intervene when it comes to labelling oneself ugly. My study of an online community named ‘Forum for the Ugly People’ on the biggest Internet portal in Poland, Gazeta Wyborcza ( www.gazeta.pl ) raises two key questions. What are the self-ascribing criteria for being ugly? Is ugliness treated as a disease, or as a personal fault of the stigma bearer? Treating ugliness as Douglasian ‘dirt’ – matter out of place – an anomaly that must be separated and dealt with accordingly, I explore the everyday politics of defining ugliness. The analysis details the various ways in which ugliness is held to handicap everyday experience and outlines three modes of ‘treatment’ that are discussed frequently by the Forum members. Critically, the paper not only demonstrates how users of this Internet Forum derive comfort and a sense of belonging from participating in their ‘imagined community’ – a solidarity comprised of those who similarly self-ascribe themselves as ugly – but also how they exercise their own forms of inclusion and exclusion.
Released from Gender? Reflexivity, Performativity, and Therapeutic Discourses
Authors: Lišková Kateřina
Published: June 2011

My paper is an analysis of contemporary Czech expert discourses on love and coupledom, framed within ongoing feminist discussions of sociological theory's emphasis on the individualization, reflexivity and detraditionalization of gender. Using Bourdieu's notion of symbolic violence, I argue for understanding therapeutic discourses as perlocutionary speech acts that authoritatively enact gendered norms and heteronormative assumptions. This performative approach both challenges heightened reflexivity theory by pointing to its flawed voluntarism, and also allows for grasping transformation through fissures between a perlocutionary act and its reception.
Curious Cases: Small Island States' Exceptionalism and its Contribution to Comparative Welfare Theory
Authors: Irving Zoë
Published: June 2011

While the size of states and the significance of ‘islandness’ have been of mild interest within the comparative study of politics and economics, the theoretical frameworks that operate within contemporary comparative analyses of welfare and social policy rest upon a largely unremarked assumption that population size does not matter. Explanations of and predictions for the development of welfare relations are undertaken in the belief that it is the ideological essence of welfare states that is important, and this national ‘character’ is established through concentration on the politics of class, sometimes gender, and occasionally ethnicity. However, it is often from the study of the small that important insight is generated and variation in universals can be found. Focusing on exemplars of the smallest national units, Cyprus, Iceland and Jersey, this article explores the significance of size and ‘islandness’ in welfare analysis. The findings of these country case studies expose aspects of the relationship between economics, geo-political strength and weakness, welfare state exceptionalism and hybridity and the social basis of welfare regime types which are less visible when size is not featured as an explanatory variable.
Influence of Second Language Cherokee Immersion on Children's Development of Past Tense in Their First Language, English
Authors: Hirata‐Edds Tracy
Published: June 2011

Metalinguistic skills may develop differently in multilingual and monolingual children. This study investigated effects of immersion in Cherokee as a second language on young children's (4;5–6;1) skills of noticing morphological forms/patterns in English, their first language, by comparing English past tense skills on two nonword and two real‐word tasks between a Cherokee immersion group (N= 10) and an English‐medium comparison group (N= 13). Only past finiteness (irregular forms plus overregularizations) on a real‐word sentence imitation task was significantly different, with the Cherokee group performing better. The children learning Cherokee as a second language were progressing as well as their monolingual peers on English past tense marking and in one area had developed increased attention to productive morphological patterns.
A thematic dialogue: towards a conclusion and a follow‐up4
Authors: Gaillard Christian , Gibeault Alain
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  Following the themed debate that took place after the panel, we reconsidered and explored further our hypotheses in light of the comments made by our colleagues. Clearly, it is the structural approach that underlies both the Freudian primal phantasies and the Jungian archetypes, while taking account at the same time that their approaches are informed by contemporary emergentist theories. Our discussion centred on the divergences in the cases of psychosis and neurosis, on the roles, in turn, of a return to childhood and the play of archaic representations, on the transference and countertransference functions and finally on the need to pay attention to what are deemed synchronous moments in the event.
Faith and the practising analyst
Authors: Stein Murray
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  In this brief essay, I reflect on three questions: What is ‘faith’ in a modern and post‐modern cultural context? Do I, a Jungian analyst, have ‘faith’ or do I not? Does having ‘faith’ or not make a difference in the practice of analysis? I make reference to Jung's understanding of ‘faith’ and his frequent disclaimers about making metaphysical claims. I conclude that a post‐credal ‘faith’ is possible for contemporary Jungian analysts, that I do have such a faith personally, and that in my experience this makes a significant difference in analytic practice at least with some patients. Traditional faith statements must be translated into depth psychological terms, however, in order for them to be applicable in post‐modern, multicultural contexts.
Phenotypes of articular disc cells in the rat temporomandibular joint as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for nestin and GFAP
Authors: Miyako Hitoshi , Suzuki Akiko , Nozawa‐Inoue Kayoko , Magara Jin , Kawano Yoshiro , Ono Kazuhiro , Maeda Takeyasu
Published: June 2011

The articular disc is a dense collagenous tissue containing disc cells that are phenotypically described as chondrocyte‐like cells or fibrochondrocytes. Despite the possible existence of these phenotypes in systemic joints, little is known about the detailed classification of the articular disc cells in the temporomandibular joint. In this immunocytochemical study we examined the localization and distribution patterns of nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the articular disc of the rat temporomandibular joint at postnatal day 1, and weeks 1, 2, 4 and 8, based on the status of tooth eruption and occlusion. Nestin and GFAP are intermediate filament proteins whose expression patterns are closely related to cell differentiation and cell migration. Both types of immunopositive cell greatly increased postnatally to a stable level after postnatal week 4, but they showed different distribution patterns and cell morphologies. Nestin‐reactive disc cells, which were characterized by a meagre cytoplasm and thin cytoplasmic processes, were scattered in the articular disc, whereas GFAP‐positive cells, characterized by broader processes, existed exclusively in the deeper area. In mature discs, the major proportion of articular disc cells exhibited GFAP immunoreactivity. Furthermore, a double‐immunostaining demonstrated that the nestin‐negative cells, consisting of GFAP‐positive and ‐negative cells, exhibited immunoreactions for heat shock protein 25. These findings indicate that the articular disc cells comprise at least three types in the rat temporomandibular joint and suggest that their expressions closely relate to mechanical loading forces within the joint, including occlusal force, as observed through postnatal development.
HLA‐B*1502 Strongly Predicts Carbamazepine‐Induced Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Thai Patients with Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Kulkantrakorn Kongkiat , Tassaneeyakul Wichittra , Tiamkao Somsak , Jantararoungtong Thawinee , Prabmechai Napat , Vannaprasaht Suda , Chumworathayi Pansu , Chen Pei , Sritipsukho Paskorn
Published: June 2011

Background:  Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the standard pharmacological treatments for neuropathic pain. However, its serious adverse drug reactions include Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Recently, HLA‐B*1502 allele was implicated as a genetic marker of CBZ‐induced SJS/TEN in some Asian epilepsy populations.

Methods:  This is a case control study to describe the clinical characteristics of SJS/TEN in Thai patients with neuropathic pain who were treated with CBZ, and to determine the association of HLA‐B*1502 in these patients, comparing with those who exposed to CBZ for at least 6 months without any cutaneous reactions.

Results:  Thirty‐four SJS/TEN patients and 40 control patients were included in this study. Mean age of SJS/TEN patients was 47 years. SJS/TEN was developed in 10.8 ± 1.4 days after initiation of CBZ. HLA‐B*1502 allele was found in 32 of 34 SJS/TEN patients (94.1%) but it was found only in 7 of 40 control patients (17.5%). The association was very strong with an odds ratio of 75.4. Sensitivity and specificity of this HLA‐B*1502 genotype test were 94.1% and 82.5%, respectively, while the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 1.43% and 99.98%, respectively. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 5.37 and 0.07, respectively.

Conclusions:  HLA‐B*1502 is a strong genetic marker for CBZ‐induced SJS/TEN in Thai patients with neuropathic pain. The screening for this marker should be performed prior to initiation of CBZ treatment to assess the risk of this serious side effect.
Pneumatology and the Cross: The Challenge of Neo‐Pentecostalism to Lutheran Theology
Authors: Peterson Cheryl M.
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  Historically, Lutheran engagement with the charismatic and Pentecostal movements has been largely negative. After a brief review of this history, I explore the question: What would a Lutheran engagement of the Spirit look like in view of the kinds of questions people are asking today that draw them to Pentecostal churches? Is there a place in Lutheran theology for affirming that the Holy Spirit is the “giver of life” and even “abundant life”?
The Church's Vocation in Society through the Ministry of the Laity in the Languages of Their Daily Lives
Authors: Everist Norma Cook
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  The vocation of the priesthood of all believers is rooted in the forgiveness of sins. We are freed for ministry. Grounded biblically and by the creeds, when we begin by using the images and vocabulary of daily life we can meet people where they are in their particular human problems, responding with the good news people can then really hear, empowering them for diverse ministries in a world in need.
The Public Vocation of Lutheran Churches and the Rehabilitation of Zimbabwean Female Ex‐Prisoners
Authors: Zhou Tsvakai
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  This paper investigates the public role of the Lutheran churches in general. It also explores the role played by the Lutheran Church in Zimbabwe in its quest to rehabilitate female ex‐prisoners. The outcome of the study reveals that the Lutheran Church in Zimbabwe has been conspicuous in its absence regarding the rehabilitation of female ex‐prisoners. This negates the legacy of Martin Luther on the Church's public role; hence I recommend that the Zimbabwean Lutheran Church must take its rightful place in public discourse.
Decolonizing the Language of Lutheran Theology: Confessions, Mission, Indians, and the Globalization of Hybridity
Authors: Tinker George
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  Christianity as we know it in the United States is essentially a european ethnic religious movement, one that has necessitated decolonizing processes as it has spread into the formerly euro‐colonized global world. In many ways, lutheranism has been and continues to be even more discretely ethnocentric, based largely in the thinking, the cultures, and the languages of the germanic north. This essay challenges lutheran theologians to begin a dedicated process of decoding the narrowly ethnic and implicitly colonizing language of lutheran theology.
What do ’omic technologies have to offer periodontal clinical practice in the future?
Authors: Grant M. M.
Published: June 2011

Grant MM. What do ’omic technologies have to offer periodontal clinical practice in the future? J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 2–14. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Background and Objective:  Periodontal diseases are the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of humans and a major cause of tooth loss. Inflammatory periodontitis is also a complex multifactorial disease involving many cell types, cell products and interactions. It is associated with a dysregulated inflammatory response, which fails to resolve, and which also fails to re‐establish a beneficial periodontal microbiota. There is a rich history of biomarker research within the field of periodontology, but exemplary improvements in analytical platform technologies offer exciting opportunities for discovery. These include the ’omic technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, which provide information on global scales that can match the complexity of the disease. This narrative review focuses on the recent advances made in in vivo human periodontal research by use of ’omic technologies.

Material and Methods:  The Medline database was searched to identify articles currently available on ’omic technologies with regard to periodontal research.

Results:  One hundred and sixty‐one articles focusing on biomarkers of and ’omic advances in periodontal research were analysed for their contributions to the understanding of periodontal diseases.

Conclusion:  The data generated by the use of ’omic technologies have huge potential to inform paradigm shifts in our understanding of periodontal diseases, but data management, analysis and interpretation require a thoughtful and systematic bioinformatics approach, to ensure meaningful conclusions can be made.
Erectile Function Rehabilitation After Radical Prostatectomy: Practice Patterns Among AUA Members
Authors: Tal Raanan , Teloken Patrick , Mulhall John P.
Published: June 2011

Introduction

Despite a growing body of evidence supporting erectile function (EF) rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy (RP), there are no guidelines on this subject.

Aim

To explore EF rehabilitation practice patterns of American Urological Association (AUA) urologists.

Methods

A 35-question instrument was constructed assessing physician demographics, training, and EF rehabilitation practices after RP, and was e-mailed to AUA members by the AUA Office of Education. Data were acquired by the AUA and analyzed by the investigators.

Main Outcome Measure

Percentage of responders who recommend EF rehabilitation practices following RP, characterization of prevalent rehabilitation practices.

Results

Of the 618 urologists who completed the survey, 71% were in private practice, 28% considered themselves as sexual medicine specialists, although only 4% were fellowship-trained, 43% were urologic oncology specialists (14% fellowship-trained), 86% performed RP, and 86% of responders recommended rehabilitation practices. Being a sexual medicine or a urologic oncology specialist was not predictive of rehabilitation employment. Forty-three percent rehabilitate all patients, 57% only selected patients. Selection for rehabilitation was dependent upon preop EF by 66%, nerve-sparing status by 22%, and age by 5%. Eleven percent started rehab immediately after RP, 97% within 4 months. 24%, 45% and 18% ceased rehab at <12, 12–18, and 18–24 months, respectively. Eighty-nine percent of RP surgeons performed rehabilitation vs. only 66% who do not perform RP (P < 0.0001). Eighty-seven percent prefer phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) as their primary strategy followed (in order) by vacuum erection device (VED), intracavernosal injection (ICI), and urethral suppositories.

Conclusions

Among the respondents, penile rehabilitation is a common practice. Urologic oncologists and RP surgeons are more likely to use rehabilitation practices. The most commonly employed strategy is regular PDE5i use for 12–18 months after RP.
RESERVOIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND PETROFACIES OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS SILICICLASTIC, CARBONATE AND HYBRID ARENITES FROM THE JEQUITINHONHA BASIN, EASTERN BRAZIL
Authors: Jardim C. M. , De Ros L. F. , Ketzer J. M.
Published: June 2011

A study of the rift to early drift phase, fluvial, deltaic and shallow‐marine Lower Cretaceous (Upper Aptian to Lower Albian) siliciclastic sandstones, hybrid arenites and calcarenites from the Jequitinhonha Basin, eastern Brazilian margin, has shown that the distribution of diagenetic alterations and of related reservoir quality evolution can be constrained within a sequence stratigraphic framework. Description of cores, wireline logs, thin sections and petrophysical (porosity and permeability) analyses were integrated in order to investigate the controls on patterns of diagenesis in these rocks, and hence of reservoir quality distribution. The results of this study will be relevant to the exploration of rift and early drift successions in Atlantic‐type passive margin settings. The study suggests that depositional facies and detrital composition impact the diagenetic evolution and the characterization and prediction of reservoir quality.

Reservoir quality assessment was based on the concept of reservoir petrofacies, which is defined in terms of the main attributes affecting reservoir quality including depositional structures, textures, primary composition, diagenetic processes and products, and pore types. This paper demonstrates the practical use of the reservoir petrofacies concept in the evaluation of the controls on porosity and permeability, as well as on seismic and log signatures.
Speeding Up the Analytical Workflow for Coltan Fingerprinting by an Integrated Mineral Liberation Analysis/LA‐ICP‐MS Approach
Authors: Gäbler Hans‐Eike , Melcher Frank , Graupner Torsten , Bahr Andreas , Sitnikova Maria A. , Henjes‐Kunst Friedhelm , Oberthür Thomas , Brätz Helene , Gerdes Axel
Published: June 2011

Coltan (the African trade name for columbite‐tantalite, a tantalum ore) is one of several raw materials that finance the civil wars in the eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. To improve the transparency along the tantalum trade chain, a ‘certificate of origin’ for so‐called ‘conflict minerals’ has been recommended by the United Nations. Accordingly, the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) has developed an analytical fingerprint procedure for coltan. Mineral formation age, modal mineralogy and chemical composition are important fingerprint parameters. The original workflow to obtain these parameters was streamlined and is now based on mineral liberation analysis and LA‐ICP‐MS. The use of an ICP‐MS instrument with a detector system covering an extended linear dynamic range and the application of an internal standard‐independent calibration strategy allowed data for major and trace element determination and mineral formation age estimates to be obtained simultaneously. The analytical results of this new approach were compared with analytical techniques of the original workflow and showed excellent agreement in terms of mineralogical and chemical characterisation and mineral formation age of coltan samples. Within a test, samples of different origin were allocated correctly and simple, binary mixtures were also identified successfully.