bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Great Instauration of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Wilson Adrian ,   Zeta Books
Published: September 2023

This paper argues that there took place in the eighteenth century a specific, distinctive and essential phase in the emergence of modern science, a phase which can be characterised as “the Great Instauration” in that it witnessed the large-scale realisation of Francis Bacon’s earlier vision—albeit not, for the most part, through the specific means which Bacon had proposed. That claim is exemplified in three fields—the “physico-mathematical sciences,” chemistry and electricity—each of which yielded dramatic and permanent advances in knowledge; and an attempt is then made to render those advances intelligible in terms of specific social and technical themes. The paper proposes that the eighteenth-century Great Instauration arose from the development of an international natural-philosophical community, made possible by new institutions and especially by new publication media. And it suggests that what made this social development epistemologically fruitful was an inherently progressive process which had been anticipated by Bacon, namely what Sophie Weeks has called his “cybernetic” account of knowledge-making—the refinement of both questions and techniques in the light of Nature’s response to investigation.
FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA
Authors: Prado Elcio
Published: September 2023

FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA
Estimating the dynamics of fiscal financing in emerging economies
Authors: Dzhambova Krastina
Published: September 2023

<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: '等线 Light'; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">I present a theoretical model and an empirical approach for jointly estimating the effectiveness of fiscal policy and the stochastic process of sovereign interest rate shocks. The theoretical model has features relevant to small open and emerging economies. Interest rate shocks affect the ability of firms to finance payroll expenses. This theoretical feature creates a propagation mechanism for interest rate shocks and affects government spending multipliers. This paper proposes a strategy for jointly estimating government spending multipliers and the interest rate shock process parameters.
The effects of Energy Performance Certificates in energy poverty: A brief overview
Authors: Nunes Inês Carrilho , Lopes Margarida Catalão
Published: September 2023

Energy Performance Certificates are a key tool for achieving energy efficiency in the building sector. The existence of this type of legislation provides incentives for the energy renovation of buildings, increases energy-efficiency investments, and improves social welfare. At the same time, informational asymmetries are mitigated and energy consumption is reduced. However, the decarbonization of the building sector might influence regional energy poverty, especially because the rural energy poor are more vulnerable to energy price increases than their urban counterparts. Empirical research on rural-urban differences and the effects of Energy Performance Certificates is urgently needed, given the rising fuel prices and vulnerabilities of the energy market.
Going Green on social media: Exploring the Effect of Firm-Generated Content on Brand Trust and Purchase Decision in Pakistan with a Focus on Environmental Concern
Authors: Muhammad Aqib Shafiq  , Muhammad Ziaullah  , Qamar Abbas  , Malik Abid Ali  , Saba Iqbal
Published: September 2023

This study explores the influence of firm-generated social media content, perceived enjoyment, and originality on brand trust and purchase decisions. Additionally, the study examines whether environmental concern works as a moderator between customer engagement and purchase decisions. A quantitative survey was done as an investigation approach for the present inquiry on 400 participants. The outcomes show that firm-generated social media content, perceived enjoyment, and perceived originality positively impact brand trust and purchase decisions. Furthermore, environmental concern moderates the connection between customer engagement and purchase decision, meaning customers with a more significant environmental concern are more expected to purchase when they engage with a brand on social media. These findings have important implications for marketers who aim to build brand trust and increase purchase decisions through social media marketing. They also highlight the importance of considering customers' environmental concerns when designing social media marketing campaigns.
KAMU POLİTİKASI OLARAK YARATICI EKONOMİ
Authors: MIRBEK UULU Medetkan , FİRİDİN Emrah
Published: September 2023

Kamu politikası toplumsal hayatın düzenlenmesi, yasaların uygulanması, ekonominin şekillenmesi ve diğer birçok türden konunun düzenlenmesi için karar vericiler tarafından kullanılan bir araçtır. Kamu politikaları serbest piyasa sistemini de etkilemektedir. Çünkü iktisadi sistemin ülkenin sahip olduğu potansiyel maddi ve beşeri sermaye ile uyumu, politika yapıcıların asli görevleri arasındadır. Son yıllarda dünyada yaratıcı ekonomi modelleri iktidarlar tarafından desteklenmektedir. Hatta bu modellerin başarısının artırılmasına yönelik kamu politikası niteliğinde kararlar alınmaktadır. Yaratıcı ekonomi modelinin oluşumuna yönelik takip edilecek kamu politikaları, sahip olunan potansiyeli harekete geçirerek, özelde her bir endüstri kolunun genelde ise tüm ekonominin üretim ve rekabet gücünü artıracaktır. Çalışmada yaratıcı ekonomilerin gelişim süreci, modelleri ve ekonomiye olan etkileri analiz edilerek, kamu politikası olması gerekliliği nedenleri üzerinde durulacaktır.
Global Transfer of Bitcoins from One Party to Another
Authors: Ergashev Mirzobek
Published: September 2023

We have been hearing about Bitcoins for several years not only in the news but also in TV series. The problem is that in most cases, especially in TV series, what Bitcoins really are and what we can do with them is distorted. It is not controlled by any authority, it is not stored in banks, it is not traceable and, in many cases, especially in the early days, it is associated with illegal activities related to drug and arms trade. But if we dig a little deeper into what this new currency actually means, we can see that it could become a widely used currency by users in the near future. Bitcoins is the thing that used by any person or organization without any restriction and this currency may be used as a currency officially. To understand transferring bitcoins among parties globally, it can be essential to clarify what a bitcoin is itself.
Exploring the Role of Block-chain Technology in Strengthening International Legal Guarantees for Investment Activity
Authors: Allah Rakha Naeem
Published: September 2023

Block-chain technology has the potential to strengthen international legal guarantees for investment activity by providing a secure and transparent platform for cross-border transactions. This article aims to explore the benefits of block-chain technology in investment activity, including enhanced security, transparency, and efficiency, as well as the potential to reduce transaction costs and fraud. Based on a literature review of relevant academic articles, reports, and case studies, the article concludes that block-chain technology can enhance the enforceability of international legal guarantees and reduce the risk of fraud and corruption. However, the implementation of block-chain-based investment platforms requires regulatory frameworks and legal agreements to support its adoption. The article recommends further research and development in this area to fully realize the potential of block-chain technology in strengthening international legal guarantees for investment activity.
Legal Regulation of Foreign Investment Regime in the Oil and Gas Sector of Uzbekistan
Authors: Bayzakova Diana Bakhtiyorovna
Published: September 2023

This article examines the legal regulation of foreign investment in the oil and gas sector of Uzbekistan. It analyzes the challenges and issues faced in attracting foreign investment, explores existing legal frameworks, and proposes strategies for enhancing foreign investment in the sector. The study critically evaluates the practical and legal implications of the regulatory regime and highlights the significance of the research for the legal framework governing foreign investment in Uzbekistan's oil and gas sector.
Penggunaan Metode Small Group Discussion Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru Dalam Menyusun RPP Satu Lembar Di SD Negeri 2 Sembungan Kecamatan Nogosari Semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi
Published: September 2023

Being an educator of course in every process of teaching and learning activities must have a guide called Learning Implementation Plan (RPP). So important is the role of lesson plans for students to help achieve the goals set, so simplifying the lesson plans will be very helpful in increasing the effivtiveness of educator in implementing them. Educational staff need to be empowerd effectively and efficiently to achieve optimal results, but still in a pleasant condition. On of them is through School Action Research (PTS) activities. Changes in the education system based on the results of the School Action Research (PTS) will make it easier for all school members to develop their potential optimally. Therefore, an effective model is needed to stimulate skills. One of them can be with a small group discussion. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of guidance to teachers and increase the ability of teachers in preparing a one sheet learning implementation plan (RPP) throuhj the Small Group Discusstion method. The type of research used is school action research (PTS). PTS is a way to improve school management through increasing the professionalism of the principal because the principal is the person who knows best everything that happens in the school. The results showed that the Smaal Group Discussion method was able to create a training atmosphere, increase the active participation of discussion participants (teachers) to exchange experiences and throughs, and effectively improve the ability of discussion participants (teachers) in compiling a one sheet lesson plan (RPP).
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif Anak Melalui Media Magic Square
Authors: Herayati Trisni , Budiarti Tri rahayu , Indrawati Yulia , Setyorini Wirastri , Purwaningsih Sri Juani
Published: September 2023

The aims of  this study were to improve student’s cognitive abilities  of Fawwaz Kids School Kindergarden at A group in doing their activities in the class by using Magic Squere as the media. Fawwaz Kids School Kindergarden has many kinds of  media  that could support sudents’ cognitive aspects development, one of them  through magic square which was able to increase students’ cognitive  such as critical thinking, recognize and present the things around them.  Based on the interviews, the teachers  told  that the student’s had not use or play this media yet. Therefore, by this media the student’s was expected to practise their ability to solve the problem,  complete the task, and  get the chance to play a new game to  improve their study. The trial used by 10 students. The result of this study showed student’s  interest in playing magic square media which were 88,89% students had critical thinking, 77,78 % students recognized and presented the things around them
Peningkatan Kemampuan Gerak Dasar Melalui Permainan Tradisional Engklek, Lompat Tali Dan Gobak Sodor Untuk Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di Ra. Raudhatul Ummah Kota Bekasi
Authors: Usup Usup , Amperawati Lilis , Harti Umi , Umilia Umilia , Yunaini Yunaini , Ahdania Durrotul Muniroh
Published: September 2023

Education serves to improve the quality and quality of society so that they can live better. The educational process itself begins from the moment humans are born. The education provided must include all aspects of the development field such as cognitive, language, social, emotional, physical, motor and artistic so that children's abilities can develop optimally and thoroughly. Basic motion or fundamental motion is divided into three categories, namely locomotor, non-locomotor and manipulative motion. The basic movements that it develops occur in parallel with the growth of the body and the degree of maturity in children. Motion activity plays an important role for psychomotor development, cognitive abilities and affection abilities. In a play situation, children will show their talents, fantasies, and tendencies. When playing, children will internalize various emotional conditions that may arise such as a sense of pleasure, joy, tension, satisfaction, and perhaps a sense of disappointment. The game is a tool education because it gives a sense of satisfaction of joy and happiness
The Structural Illustration Reog Ponorogo Art Museum with Joglo Building as Javanese Vernacular Architecture
Authors: Laksmiyanti Dian P.E. , Poedjioetami Esty , Salisnanda Randy Pratama , Mukti Eri
Published: September 2023

Vernacular architecture refers to the cultural context of buildings, with the main purpose of preserving local art, historical education, and stimulating local economy. The purpose of this study is to put forward a theoretical proposition concerning the adaptation of vernacular architectural features into cultural preserve development projects. Our approach will be from the vantage point of architecture education, using vernacular architecture in Java (Indonesia) as an illustration. With specific objects the development of design concepts for the Reog Ponorogo Art Museum of Joglo model. This paper discusses the layout configuration and the function/aesthetics properties that are important from an architectural perspective. The study contributes to link between architecture and local wisdom society, which presents a major challenge to enable the design of culturally appropriate buildings with environmental advantages. In addition, the study also highlights structural sustainability benefits ideas that are important for development construction with inherited socio-cultural norms
Tips from the Blog I
Authors: Royle Stephen
Published: September 2023

What is the best music to listen to while writing a manuscript or grant proposal? OK, I know that some people prefer silence and certainly most people hate radio chatter while trying to concentrate. However, if you like listening to music, setting an iPod on shuffle is no good since a track by Napalm Death can jump from the speakers and affect your concentration.
Tips from the blog VIII: Time Machine on QNAP NAS
Authors: Royle Stephen
Published: September 2023

This is just a quick tip as it took me a little while to sort this out. In the lab we have two QNAP TS-869 Pro NAS devices. Each was set up with a single RAID6 storage pool and I ran them as a primary and replicant via rsync. We recently bought a bigger server and so the plan was to repurpose one of the NAS boxes to be a Time Machine for all the computers in the lab.
Describing differences in pronunciation
Authors: Grieve-Smith Angus
Published: September 2023

Last month I wrote that instead of only two levels of phonetic transcription, “broad” and “narrow,” what people do in practice is to adjust their level of detail according to the point they want to make. In this it is like any other form of communication: too much detail can be a distraction. But how do we decide how much detail to put in a given transcription, and how can we teach this to our students?
On mutual intelligibility and familiarity
Authors: Grieve-Smith Angus
Published: September 2023

There’s an idea that dialects are mutually intelligible and languages are mutually unintelligible. John McWhorter had a nice piece in the Atlantic where he summarized the evidence against this idea. There are two factors in mutual intelligibility that McWhorter does not mention: familiarity and power. Ultimately we can place any pair of language varieties on a continuum of closeness.
The Ottoman military organization in the province: The case study of the Vučitrn Sanjak in 1544/5
Authors: Šipka Stefan
Published: September 2023

The paper provides an overview of the Ottoman military organization in the province using the example of the Vučitrn Sanjak. The data presented in the paper are the result of the analysis of the detailed tax register (müfassal defteri) of the Vučitrn Sanjak from 1544/5. Special emphasis has been put on the timar cavalry and the structure of the timar system, in order to determine the approximate military potential available to the Vučitrn Sanjakbey. Furthermore, the local military and auxiliary units that were an integral part of the Ottoman military system in the province are presented.
The Place of Critical Thinking in Physics Instruction
Authors:   University of Eldoret, Rutto Dickson Kimeli , Waswa Peter , Wanami Simon
Published: September 2023

The teaching of critical thinking is paramount in physics instruction, it is achieved through acquisition of critical thinking skills by learners. Consequently, teachers of physics ought to employ instructional strategies that foster the acquisition of the skills. This article explores an array of these strategies in detail, it also presents the history and nature of critical thinking, the role of critical thinking in science instruction and the challenges teachers of physics face in teaching critical thinking skills
Exigencias éticas para un periodismo responsable en el contexto de la inteligencia artificial
Authors: González Esteban Elsa , Sanahuja Rosana
Published: September 2023

La irrupción de la utilización generalizada de inteligencia artificial en el ámbito de la comunicación y en concreto en el periodismo muestra un resultado claroscuro que cabe analizar desde una perspectiva crítica. Este artículo aborda desde un perspectiva crítica la revolución que la presencia creciente de la inteligencia artificial está provocando tanto los métodos como en los resultados periodísticos, afectando a sus garantías de calidad y excelencia. El texto sostiene que es necesario acercarse críticamente al impacto actual, así como al potencial, que este presenta para los profesionales, las organizaciones y la sociedad, y propone hacerlo desde el método hermenéutico-crítico de las éticas aplicadas. El estudio se estructura en dos partes. Una primera que realiza una aproximación a la irrupción de la inteligencia artificial en la práctica del periodismo, explicitando las recomendaciones que desde diferentes instancias se ofrecen para orientar esta incorporación de la inteligencia artificial en la práctica comunicativa, concretamente en la periodística. Una segunda parte que identifica los principales riesgos éticos, recomendaciones y principios éticos para afrontarlos desde la autorregulación ética.
Cerrando una brecha: una reflexión multidisciplinar sobre la discriminación algorítmica
Authors: Dellunde Pilar , Pujol Oriol , Vitrià Jordi
Published: September 2023

Este artículo aborda el concepto de discriminación algorítmica desde una perspectiva conjunta de la filosofía y la ciencia de la computación, con el propósito de establecer un marco de discusión común para avanzar en el despliegue de las inteligencias artificiales en las sociedades democráticas. Se presenta una definición no normativa de discriminación y se analiza y contextualiza el concepto de algoritmo usando un enfoque intencional, enmarcándolo en el proceso de toma de decisiones e identificando las fuentes de discriminación, así como los conceptos detrás de su cuantificación para terminar exponiendo algunos límites y desafíos.
Ética digital discursiva: de la explicabilidad a la participación
Authors: García Marzá Domingo
Published: September 2023

This article is intended to present a proposal for dialogic digital ethics on a critical reading of the European Commission's independent high-level expert group’s document Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI (2019). These would be digital ethics with a normative horizon for action and criteria for justice based on dialogue and possible agreement between all agents involved and affected by the digital reality. The aim is to show that the participation of all parties involved is not merely advisable but morally required as part of the Commission’s effort to generate common European willingness and governance to deal with the fourth industrial revolution now going on. The acknowledgement of equal dignity implied by people-centric artificial intelligence (AI) is utterly unthinkable without this possibility of equal participation. Without it, trust cannot be generated or guaranteed. As we intend to show, the new principle of explicability plays a decisive role in this objective as a principle with a moral as well as an instrumental.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar los rasgos básicos de una ética digital dialógica a partir de una lectura crítica del documento elaborado por grupo independiente de expertos de alto nivel para la Comisión Europea
Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI (High-level expert Group on Artificial Intelligence, 2019). Una ética digital que tiene en el diálogo y acuerdo posible de todos los agentes implicados y afectados por la realidad digital su horizonte normativo de actuación, su criterio de justicia. La finalidad es mostrar que, en su esfuerzo por generar una voluntad común y una gobernanza europeas ante la actual revolución industrial, la participación de todas las partes implicadas no solo es recomendable sino moralmente exigible. El reconocimiento de la igual dignidad que implica una Inteligencia Artificial centrada en las personas no es ni siquiera pensable sin el horizonte de una participación igual. Sin ella, la confianza no puede generarse ni garantizarse. Como pretendemos mostrar, en este objetivo juega un papel decisivo el nuevo principio de explicabilidad, principio que posee un valor moral y no solo instrumental.
INTERVENSI NON FARMAKOLOGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA IBU HAMIL: SISTEMATIK REVIEW
Authors: NAPISAH PIPIH , MAHWATI YENI , HADIYATI LILIS , SYAFRULLAH HAIDIR , MADIUW DEVITA
Published: September 2023

Anemia merupakan masalah yang umum terjadi pada kehamilan. Akibat anemia pada ibu hamil, yaitu abortus, partus premature, partus lama, perdarahan postpartum, syok, infeksi intrapartum atau postpartum. Angka kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil sebesar 37,1%. Tujuan penelitian, yaitu mereview keefektifan berbagai intervensi untuk meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil.  Metode penelitian: Pencarian terbatas dilakukan pada lima data base, yaitu Pubmed, EBSCO, ProQuest, Google Scholar dan Neliti.  Kriteria inklusi artikel, yaitu diterbitkan 3 tahun terakhir, dapat diakses secara penuh, membahas tentang intervensi non farmakologi untuk meningkatkan kadar Hb pada ibu hamil, bahasa Indonesia dan Inggris. Data yang didapat dilakukan quality assessment dan dianalisa menggunakan JBI. Hasil penelitian:  berdasarkan studi literature didapatkan 32 artikel. Intervensi non farmokologi untuk meningkatkan kadar Hb pada ibu hamil berdasarkan literature terdiri dari 32 artikel. Intervensi tersebut, yaitu terapi nutrisi, senam hamil dan pemberian edukasi nutrisi, serta pemberian HIPP. Intervensi berupa terapi nutrisi diantaranya dengan mengkonsumsi makanan yang kaya akan zat besi, seperti buah-buahan, sayuran, kombinasi buah serta sayuran dan Fe, telur. Selain itu, senam hamil, dan pemberian pendidikan kesehatan dapat meningkatkan kadar Hb. Kesimpulan: semua intervensi efektif untuk meningkatkan kadar Hb pada ibu hamil. Namun, intervensi yang mudah dilakukan, tidak memerlukan keahlian khusus, hemat biaya, dan tidak menimbulkan efek samping, yaitu dengan mengkonsumsi pisang ambon dan jus jambu merah.  Saran:  ibu hamil diharapkan dapat mengkonsumsi pisang ambon sehari 2 kali sebanyak 320 gram (2 buah pisang sedang) atau jus jambu biji merah sehari 1 kali sebanyak 250 cc selama kehamilan sehingga dapat mencegah anemia kehamilan.
Analisis Pengaruh Faktor-Faktor Teknologi Informasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai
Authors: Soelaiman Irma Riyani , Arfusau Wilhelmina A. I. , Rante Yohanes , Kuddy Andarias
Published: September 2023

The aim of this research are to examine and determine the factors of Information, Computer Network and Human Resource that influence the performance from Department of Information and Communication Technology Management Papua in simultaneously and partial and be known between those factor whose more in dominant towards it. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, with sample taking around 46 respondents. This research was using SPSS Verse 16.00 to see the issues arise and examine the truth of hypothesis from this research by using Testing data collection tool (test validity and reliability testing), Testing Linear Regression Model Analysis Tool (Test of linearity, Multikoilnearitas Test, Test heteroscedasticity, normality test), Data Analysis (Frequency Distribution Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis, Hypothesis Testing F for the First and Second t-test for the hypothesis). The result of this research shown that simultaneous, information, Computer Networks and Human Resources have a significant effect on employee performance management of the Office of Information Technology and Communication Papua; Partially, information, Computer Networks and Human Resources have a significant effect on employee performance Department of Information Technology and Communication Management in Papua province, and  Human Resources is the dominant factor that greatly affects the performance of the employee Department of Information Technology and Communication Management in Papua province.
To Study Serum β-HCG in Early Second Trimester as Predictors of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Authors:   Department Of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Ratlam, Mp, India., Rajput Shivangi , Dutta Jusmita ,   Department Of Biochemistry, L.N. Medical College and Research Center, Bhopal, Mp, India., Saxena Gaurav ,   Professor, Department Of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Ratlam, Mp, India., Jainr Konika ,   Department Of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Ratlam, Mp, India.
Published: September 2023

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a mysterious and clinically complex category of pregnancy problems that account for a significant burden of disease in both industrialized and less industrialized nations. The aim of this study is to estimate Serum β-HCG levels in early second trimester as predictors of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant females in their second trimester attending the OPD clinic in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, JK Hospital, LNMC & RC, Bhopal, from January 2019 to June 2020. A total of 150 pregnant women were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected and entered into an Excel sheet and analyzed using EpiInfo software with appropriate statistical methods. Result: The study observed that the majority of pregnant women (52%) were in the 26-30 years age group. The highest number of women were at 17-18 weeks of gestation, and most of them were primigravida (39.3%). The mean β-HCG level of mothers in the pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) group was 54297.8±22302.7, while that of mothers in the normal group was 27018.2±11255.7. The difference between the means was statistically very highly significant (P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of elevated β-HCG levels as a predictor of PIH were 67.2% and 75%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 62.9% and a negative predictive value of 78.4%. Conclusion: Pregnancy-induced hypertension remains a little understood entity, despite the enormous impact of its complications on maternal and fetal outcomes. The study concludes that the frequency of pregnancy-induced hypertension at a tertiary care hospital is 38.6%. Elevated serum β-HCG levels in women with second trimester pregnancy indicate an increased risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, and higher β-HCG levels are associated with the severity of the disease. Women with raised β-HCG levels should be arefully followed up for hypertension, and appropriate referrals to a tertiary care center for better treatment should be made.
To Evaluate the Clinical and Laboratory Profiles of Patients with Abdominal Tuberculosis in Western Odisha
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Medical College- VSSIMSAR, Burla, India, Naik Dr. Manoranjan , Sahu Dr. Pravash Chandra ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Medical College-VIMSAR, Burla, India, Tudu Dr. Kshetra Mohan ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Medical College-VIMSAR, Burla, India, Khamari Dr. Balaram ,   Senior Resident, VSSIMSAR, Burla, India
Published: September 2023

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex bacteria, is one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans and the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Milk contaminated with Mycobacterium bovis (reservoir cattle) can transmit tuberculosis to the gastrointestinal tract. TB can affect any portion of the digestive tract, from the buccal cavity to the anus, pancreato-biliary tree, and peritoneum. The peritoneum and ileocecal regions were most frequently affected. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory profiles of patients with abdominal tuberculosis. Materials & Methods: The current study was conducted at the VSS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (VIMSAR), Burla, located at 21.5027 o N and 83.8865 o E in western Odisha, India, after receiving approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Outdoor (OPD) and indoor (IPD) patients of the Division of General Medicine, VIMSAR, Burla The duration of the research was from November 2019 to October 2021 (24 months). This was a cross-sectional study. All patients were admitted to the Department of General Medicine with suspected abdominal tuberculosis. Results: The distribution of socioeconomic status in the study population according to the modified Kuppuswamy scale was predominated by the upper lower class IV population (60.3%), followed by the lower middle group (26%); only 13.7% belonged to class II of the upper middle group. The residential patterns showed that 74% of the cases belonged to the rural population, whereas only 26% lived in urban areas. Anemia was the major finding in comments on peripheral smear examination in 74.2% of the population and pancytopenia in 10.6% of cases. A minimum number of patients (4.5%) had a normal peripheral smear. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate by the Westergren method was increased in 87.7% of cases, and the rest of the population was within the normal range. Conclusion: This study has once again shown how common tuberculosis is in our country, particularly in underdeveloped Western Odisha, due to lack of hygiene and poverty. Abdominal tuberculosis has undergone modification over time because of the rampant and improper use of antibiotics and other drugs, thus creating a clinical dilemma. The irregularity of daily drug intake is another factor leading to the emergence of drug-resistant organisms.
Obstetrics Outcome in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane
Authors:   Associate Professor, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical College, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Science and Research, Burla, 768017, Sambalpur, India, Baru Dr. Lina , Behera Dr. Satyanarayan ,   Assistant Professor, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical College, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Science and Research, Burla, 768017, Sambalpur, India, Kalsai Dr. Pragyan Parimita ,   Senior Resident, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical College, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Science and Research, Burla, 768017, Sambalpur, India
Published: September 2023

Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) is defined as the spontaneous rupture of fetal membranes before 37 completed weeks of gestation and before the onset of labor. The incidence of PPROM is around 2-3% of all pregnancies, and it complicates about 3% of pregnancies, leading to 30%-40% of premature births. PPROM can result in significant morbidity and mortality, causing various complications such as sepsis, pulmonary hypoplasia, chorioamnionitis, and necessitating Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admissions. This study aimed to investigate the perinatal and maternal outcomes in cases of PPROM. In this study, PPROM was observed in 47% of cases in the age group of 20-25 years. Among the patients admitted with PPROM, 70% were primigravida. Breech presentation was the most common risk factor, followed by previous pregnancy, polyhydramnios, urinary tract infection, and history of recent coitus. The most common organism identified was E. coli (11.76%). Maternal complications included puerperal pyrexia (23.53%), chorioamnionitis (17.65%), abruption placentae (5.88%), and wound infection (5.8%). Approximately 52% of the admitted babies experienced neonatal morbidity, with respiratory distress syndrome being the most prevalent (17%), followed by jaundice (11%), septicemia (5.88%), and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (5.88%). Among the 85 cases studied, 10 neonatal deaths were recorded, accounting for 11% of the cases.
Clinico-Demographic Profile of Term Newborns Admitted with Respiratory Distress at a Tertiary Hospital in India
Authors:   Junior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Santosh Medical College and Hospital (Santosh Deemed to be University), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201009, India, Yadav Dr. Jayesh P , Chauhan Dr. Sandeep ,   Senoir Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Santosh Medical College and Hospital (Santosh Deemed to be University), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201009, India, Agrawal Dr. Alka ,   Professor and Dean of SMC, Department of Pediatrics, Santosh Medical College and Hospital (Santosh Deemed to be University), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201009, India, Sawant Dr. Vishal Dnyaneshwar ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Topiwala National Medical College and B.Y.L. Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400008, India
Published: September 2023

Background: Respiratory distress (RD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Over the last three decades, significant improvements have been introduced to decrease the incidence, severity, and mortality of neonatal RD. This study aims to analyze the clinical and demographic profile of term newborns with RD and to explore associated risk factors and co-morbidities. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study included 250 term newborns (gestational age: 37 to 42 weeks) diagnosed with RD. The study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Santosh Medical College, over a one-year period from June 2018 to June 2019. Results: The male-to-female ratio was 1.7:1. Among the admissions, 65% were term pregnancies and 35% were late-term pregnancies. Severe RD was observed in 10% of newborns, while 35% had moderate RD. There was a significant correlation between gestational period and RD severity (P = 0.024), and hospital stay also exhibited a significant association with RD severity (P = 0.001). Meconium-stained amniotic fluid was the most common maternal risk factor (25%), while sepsis was the most prevalent co-morbidity (23%). Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTNB) was the leading cause of RD, accounting for 47% of cases. Conclusions: A comprehensive clinical assessment and appropriate investigations are vital for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of infants with RD. Swift identification of severe underlying conditions is essential for improving outcomes.
The Effects of Teacher‐Student (Dis)Similarities on Disciplinary Incidents
Authors: Samuels William Ellery , Tournaki Nelly , Sacks Stanley , Blackman Sheldon , Sacks JoAnn , Byalin Kenneth , Peterford Theresa
Published: September 2023

Teacher-student interactions are at the core of formal learning experiences. Since these interactions can be affected by ways in which the teacher or student perceive themselves to be similar, we investigated the effects of racial/ethnic and gender similarities on the type and frequency
of disciplinary incidents adolescents were involved in at one middle and one high school. Results indicated that the total number of times a student was disciplined in a given year was higher for students whose race or gender was different from that of their teacher.
Trophic eggs affect caste determination in the ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus
Authors: Genzoni E. , Schwander T. , Keller L.
Published: September 2023

Understanding how a single genome creates distinct phenotypes remains a fundamental challenge for biologists. Social insects provide a striking example of polyphenism, with queen and worker castes exhibiting morphological, behavioural, and reproductive differences. Here we show that trophic eggs, which do not contain an embryo and are primarily regarded as a source of food, play a role in the process of caste determination in the harvester ant
Pogonomyrmex rugosus
. When first instar larvae were given access to trophic eggs, they mostly developed into workers. By contrast, larvae without access to trophic eggs developed into queens. We found that trophic eggs differ in many ways from reproductive eggs, including texture, morphology and their contents of protein, triglycerides, glycogen, sugar and small RNAs. Moreover, comparison of miRNA fragment size distributions suggests differences in the composition of miRNAs between the two egg types. This is the first demonstration of trophic eggs playing a role in caste determination in social insects.
Vaccination with mycobacterial lipid loaded nanoparticle leads to lipid antigen persistence and memory differentiation of antigen-specific T cells
Authors: Morgun Eva , Zhu Jennifer , Almunif Sultan , Bobbala Sharan , Aguilar Melissa S. , Wang Junzhong , Conner Kathleen , Cui Yongyong , Cao Liang , Seshadri Chetan , Scott Evan A. , Wang Chyung-Ru
Published: September 2023

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb) infection elicits both protein and lipid antigen-specific T cell responses. However, the incorporation of lipid antigens into subunit vaccine strategies and formulations has been underexplored, and the characteristics of vaccine-induced Mtb lipid-specific memory T cells have remained elusive. Mycolic acid (MA), a major lipid component of the Mtb cell wall, is presented by human CD1b molecules to unconventional T cell subsets. These MA-specific CD1b-restricted T cells have been detected in the blood and disease sites of Mtb-infected individuals, suggesting that MA is a promising lipid antigen for incorporation into multicomponent subunit vaccines. In this study, we utilized the enhanced stability of bicontinuous nanospheres (BCN) to efficiently encapsulate MA for
in vivo
delivery to MA-specific T cells, both alone and in combination with an immunodominant Mtb protein antigen (Ag85B). Pulmonary administration of MA-loaded BCN (MA-BCN) elicited MA-specific T cell responses in humanized CD1 transgenic mice. Simultaneous delivery of MA and Ag85B within BCN activated both MA- and Ag85B-specific T cells. Notably, pulmonary vaccination with MA-Ag85B-BCN resulted in the persistence of MA, but not Ag85B, within alveolar macrophages in the lung. Vaccination of MA-BCN through intravenous or subcutaneous route, or with attenuated Mtb likewise reproduced MA persistence. Moreover, MA-specific T cells in MA-BCN-vaccinated mice differentiated into a T follicular helper-like phenotype. Overall, the BCN platform allows for the dual encapsulation and
in vivo
activation of lipid and protein antigen-specific T cells and leads to persistent lipid depots that could offer long-lasting immune responses.
Single cell transcriptome analysis of cavernous tissues reveals the key roles of pericytes in diabetic erectile dysfunction
Authors: Bae Seo-Gyeong , Yin Guo Nan , Ock Jiyeon , Suh Jun-Kyu , Ryu Ji-Kan , Park Jihwan
Published: September 2023

Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects a significant proportion of men aged 40–70 and is caused by cavernous tissue dysfunction. Presently, the most common treatment for ED is phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors; however, this is less effective in patients with severe vascular disease such as diabetic ED. Therefore, there is a need for development of new treatment, which requires a better understanding of the cavernous microenvironment and cell-cell communications under diabetic condition. Pericytes are vital in penile erection; however, their dysfunction due to diabetes remains unclear. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to understand the cellular landscape of cavernous tissues and cell type-specific transcriptional changes in diabetic ED. We found a decreased expression of genes associated with collagen or extracellular matrix organization and angiogenesis in diabetic fibroblasts, chondrocytes, myofibroblasts, valve-related lymphatic endothelial cells, and pericytes. Moreover, the newly identified pericyte-specific marker, LBH, in mouse and human cavernous tissues, clearly distinguishing pericytes from smooth muscle cells. Cell–cell interaction analysis revealed that pericytes are involved in angiogenesis, adhesion, and migration by communicating with other cell types in the corpus cavernosum; however, these interactions were highly reduced under diabetic conditions. LBH expression is low in diabetic pericytes, and overexpression of LBH prevents erectile function by regulating neurovascular regeneration. Furthermore, the LBH-interacting proteins (CRYAB and VIM) were identified in mouse cavernous pericytes through LC-MS/MS analysis, indicating that their interactions were critical for maintaining pericyte function. Thus, our study reveals novel targets and insights into the pathogenesis of ED in patients with diabetes.
Adaptation invariant concentration discrimination in an insect olfactory system
Authors: Ling D. , Zhang L. , Saha D. , Chen A. B. , Raman B.
Published: September 2023

Neural responses evoked by a stimulus reduce upon repetition. While this adaptation allows the sensory system to attend to novel cues, does information about the recurring stimulus particularly its intensity get compromised? We explored this issue in the locust olfactory system. We found that locusts’ innate behavioral response to odorants varied with repetition and stimulus intensity. Counter-intuitively, the stimulus-intensity dependent differences became significant only after adaptation had set in. Adaptation also altered responses of individual neurons in the antennal lobe (neural network downstream to insect antenna). These response variations to repetitions of the same stimulus were unpredictable and inconsistent across intensities. Although both adaptation and intensity decrements resulted in an overall reduction in spiking activities across neurons, these changes could be disentangled and information about stimulus intensity robustly maintained by ensemble neural responses. In sum, these results show how information about odor intensity can be preserved in an adaptation-invariant manner.
Zona incerta distributes a broad movement signal that modulates behavior
Authors: Hormigo Sebastian , Zhou Ji , Chabbert Dorian , Sajid Muhammad S. , Busel Natan , Castro-Alamancos Manuel A.
Published: September 2023

The zona incerta is a subthalamic nucleus made up mostly of GABAergic neurons. It has wide- ranging inputs and outputs and is believed to have many integrative functions that link sensory stimuli with motor responses to guide behavior. However, its role is not well established perhaps because few studies have measured the activity of zona incerta neurons in behaving animals under different conditions. To record the activity of zona incerta neurons during exploratory and cue-driven goal-directed behaviors, we used electrophysiology in head-fixed mice moving on a spherical treadmill and fiber photometry in freely moving mice. We found two groups of neurons based on their sensitivity to movement, with a minority of neurons responding to whisker stimuli. Furthermore, zona incerta GABAergic neurons robustly code the occurrence of exploratory and goal-directed movements, but not their direction. To understand the function of these activations, we performed genetically targeted lesions and optogenetic manipulations of zona incerta GABAergic neurons during exploratory and goal-directed behaviors. The results showed that the zona incerta has a role in modulating the movement associated with these behaviors, but this has little impact on overall performance. Zona incerta neurons distribute a broad corollary signal of movement occurrence to their diverse projection sites, which regulates behavior.
CLOCK evolved in cnidaria to synchronize internal rhythms with circadian environmental cues
Authors: Rinsky Mieka , Aguillon Raphael , Simon-Blecher Noa , Doniger Tirza , Appelbaum Lior , Levy Oren
Published: September 2023

The circadian clock enables anticipation of the day/night cycle in animals ranging from cnidarians to mammals. Circadian rhythms are generated through a transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL) involving negative and positive factors. CLOCK is a central conserved positive factor in the animal kingdom. However, the functional evolutionary origin and mechanism of action of CLOCK in basal animals are unknown. In cnidarians, the transcription of putative core clock genes, including
Clock
, is arrhythmic under constant conditions, and it is unclear how the TTFL model can regulate physiological rhythms. Here, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate a
Clock
mutant (
Clock
-/-
) in
Nematostella vectensis
. High-throughput video tracking of locomotor activity in
Clock
-/-
adults revealed that light regulates rhythmic behavior, while CLOCK maintains a 24-hour circadian rhythm under constant light conditions, and even under a 6-hour cycle, reminiscent of the tidal rhythm. Transcriptome profiling identified hundreds of differentially expressed genes in
Clock
-/-
adults, particularly genes involved in cell cycle and neural development. In accordance with the rhythmic behavioral profile, computational analysis revealed rhythmic and arrhythmic gene expression in wild-type and
Clock
-/-
adults, respectively, under constant dark
conditions
. Notably, hierarchal light-and
Clock-
signaling is required to drive rhythmic transcription of the core clock genes. These findings demonstrate that CLOCK has evolved in cnidarians to maintain synchronized 24-hour rhythmic physiology and behavior despite the chaotic inputs of environmental cues.