bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of snow-covered ground albedo on the accuracy of air temperature measurements
Authors: Musacchio Chiara , Coppa Graziano , Begeš Gaber , Hofstätter-Mohler Christina , Massano Laura , Nigrelli Guido , Sanna Francesca , Merlone Andrea
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Solar radiation is one of the main factors introducing significant deviations between thermometers reading and true air temperature value. Techniques to protect the sensors from direct radiative influence have been adopted almost since the beginning of meteorological observations. Reflected radiation from snow-covered surface can also cause extra warming to thermometers hosted in solar shields, not always optimized to protect the sensors from this further backward radiative heat transfer. This phenomenon can cause errors in near-surface temperature data series, with relevant impact on the quality of data records. The study here presented experimentally evaluates the effect of albedo radiation from snow-covered surface, on the accuracy of air temperature measurements. The investigation is based on evaluating temperature differences between couples of identical instruments positioned above ground covered by natural vegetation, being one in snow-free conditions and the other above snow-covered surface, at the same time in the same site in close vicinity. The work involved a representative number of different typologies of sensors and shields from different manufactures. A mountain site with appropriate field conditions, offering long-lasting snow presence to maximize data availability, was selected to host the experiment. Quantities of influence such as relative humidity, wind speed and direction, solar radiation (direct and reflected) were constantly measured. The effect was evaluated to range up to more than 3 °C for some typologies of sensors. Full data analysis is here reported, together with complete results. This main scope of this work is to report on an experimental estimation and method to evaluate and include this effect as a component of uncertainty in temperature data series for near-surface stations above snowy areas.
Cells of matter and life – towards understanding the internal structure and spatial patchiness of particles and plankton distribution in the Arctic fjords
Authors: Trudnowska Emilia , Dragańska-Deja Katarzyna , Sagan Sławomir , Błachowiak-Samołyk Katarzyna
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Nothing is homogenous, neither the oceans, nor the distribution pattern of particles and plankton, both in the water column and within their patches. Here we analyse and map the spatio-temporal distribution patterns and the internal structure of 94 patches of various size fractions of particles and plankton studied in two Arctic fjords over six summer seasons. Observed patches generally occupied only the minor part of the studied upper water column (on average 12 %), and frequently occurred as multi-fraction forms. They varied among years and regions in terms of their position in a water column, size, shape, and structure. Consequently, we propose completely novel insight into their internal structure, by classifying them according to their shapes and the location of their cores. We distinguished seven types of patches: Belt, Triangle, Diamond, Flare, Fingers, Flag, and Rosette. The observed increasing role of the smallest size fractions (steepening size spectra slopes) over years implies that Atlantic water advection played the crucial role on compositional dynamics on temporal scale. The recurring feature of the elevated concentrations of particles and plankton near glacier fronts suggest that it, together with local biological production, is the strongest mechanism generating patchiness on the local scale. Even though we significantly extended our comprehension of the phenomenon of patchiness, it still remains an ambiguous matter, when, why, and if the mechanistic or ecological forcing prevails in shaping the patterns of particles and plankton distribution. Regardless of the mechanism, our results show that particles and plankton are not purely dye-like passive objects and that the type of their structuring in a water column may have only short term and local validity.
The development and persistence of soil moisture stress during drought across southwestern Germany
Authors: Tijdeman Erik , Menzel Lucas
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The drought of 2018 in central and northern Europe showed once more the
large impact that this natural hazard can have on the environment and society. Such droughts are often seen as slowly developing phenomena. However, root zone soil moisture deficits can rapidly develop during periods lacking precipitation and meteorological conditions that favor high
evapotranspiration rates. These periods of soil moisture stress can persist
for as long as the meteorological drought conditions last, thereby
negatively affecting vegetation and crop health. In this study, we aim to
characterize past soil moisture stress events over the croplands of
southwestern Germany and, furthermore, to relate the characteristics of these past events to different soil and climate properties. We first simulated daily soil moisture over the period 1989–2018 on a 1 km resolution grid, using the physically based hydrological model TRAIN. We then derived various soil moisture stress characteristics, including probability, development time, and persistence, from the simulated time series of all agricultural grid cells (n≈15 000). Logistic regression and correlation were then applied to relate the derived characteristics to the plant-available storage capacity of the root zone and to the climatological setting. Finally, sensitivity analyses were carried out to investigate how results changed when using a different parameterization of the root zone, i.e., soil based or fixed, or when assessing soil moisture drought (anomaly) instead of stress. Results reveal that the majority of agricultural grid cells across the study region reached soil moisture stress during prominent drought years. The development time of these soil moisture stress events varied substantially, from as little as 10 d to over 4 months. The persistence of soil moisture stress varied as well and was especially high for the drought of 2018. A strong control on the probability and development time of soil moisture stress was found to be the storage capacity of the root zone, whereas the persistence was not strongly linearly related to any of the considered controls. On the other hand, the sensitivity analyses revealed the increased control of climate on soil moisture stress characteristics
when using a fixed instead of a soil-based root zone storage. Thus, the
strength of different controls depends on the assumptions made during modeling. Nonetheless, the storage capacity of the root zone, whether it is a characteristic of the soil or a difference between a shallow or deep rooting crop, remains an important control on soil moisture stress characteristics. This is different for SM drought characteristics, which have little or contrasting relation with the storage capacity of the root zone. Overall, the results give insight to the large spatial and temporal variability in soil moisture stress characteristics and suggest the importance of considering differences in root zone soil storage for agricultural drought assessments.
Applying machine learning for drought prediction using data from a large ensemble of climate simulations
Authors: Felsche Elizaveta , Ludwig Ralf
Published: April 2021

Abstract. There is strong scientific and social interest to understand the factors leading to extreme events in order to improve the management of risks associated with hazards like droughts. In this study, artificial neural networks are applied to predict the occurrence of a drought in two contrasting European domains, Munich and Lisbon, with a lead time of one month. The approach takes into account a list of 30 atmospheric and soil variables as input parameters from a single-model initial condition large ensemble (CRCM5-LE). The data was produced the context of the ClimEx project by Ouranos with the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5) driven by 50 members of the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2). Drought occurrence was defined using the Standardized Precipitation Index. The best performing machine learning algorithms managed to obtain a correct classification of drought or no drought for a lead time of one month for around 55–60 % of the events of each class for both domains. Explainable AI methods like SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were applied to gain a better understanding of the trained algorithms. Variables like the North Atlantic Oscillation Index and air pressure one month before the event proved to be of high importance for the prediction. The study showed that seasonality has a high influence on goodness of drought prediction, especially for the Lisbon domain.
The effect of strong shear on internal solitary-like waves
Authors: Stastna Marek , Coutino Aaron , Walter Ryan
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Large amplitude internal waves in the ocean propagate in a dynamic, highly variable environment with changes in background current, local depth, and stratification. The Dubreil-Jacotin-Long, or DJL, theory of exact internal solitary waves can account for a background shear, doing so at a cost of algebraic complexity and a lack of a mathematical proof of algorithm convergence. Waves in the presence of shear that is strong enough to preclude theoretical calculations have been reported in observations. We report on high resolution simulations of stratified adjustment in the presence of strong shear currents. We find instances of large amplitude solitary-like waves with recirculating cores in parameter regimes for which DJL theory fails, and of wave types that are completely different in shape from classical internal solitary waves. Both are spontaneously generated from general initial conditions. Some of the waves observed are associated with critical layers, but others exhibit a propagation speed that is very near the background current maximum. As such they are not freely propagating solitary waves, and a DJL theory would not apply. We thus provide a partial reconciliation between observations and theory.
Tarihsel Gelişim Süreci İçerisinde Türk Sosyolojisi
Authors: KÖKTÜRK Gökhan Veli
Published: April 2021

This study, which contributes to the studies on sociologists and their works, which have an important place in the studies of determining the history of Turkish sociology, was formed by the theoretical combination of visualization and the history of Turkish Sociology. Studies to create a timeline are studies that cover the events that are effective in a certain period and which can be considered as a turning point in the development of, and their effects on, sociology. The aim is to select the events that are effective in the development of sociology as the main determinants and to bring to the fore among many factors. The process of creating a timeline differs from the history of sociology and falls within the scope of sociology of History. The integrity of a large number of variables is emphasized without looking for any linearity or causality relationship in the timeline studies. The most important part of the studies on creating a historical timeline is the visualization phase. A link should be established using visualization between Turkish sociology and the digital world. Thus, the history of Turkish sociology can be passed on to future generations. In this sense, narration, understanding and interpretation are important steps to be taken in the construction of society. In addition, the topics covered in the study that shape Turkish sociology are the events and phenomena that affect the structuring in the world.
DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN KECEMASAN PADA PENDERITA ASMA DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: ACHMAD AFIFIL AFTON
Published: April 2021

Background: Asma merupakan penyakit yang ditandai dengan peningkatan responsivitas pada trakea dan rangsangan multipel bronkus dengan manifestasi penyumbatan jalan nafas yang luas dan pangkat dapat berubah secara spontan atau sebagai akibat pengobatan. Method: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain korelasi dengan cross sectional. Jumlah sample dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket. Result: Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji chi square (α = 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa p = 0,000 p <0,05 sehingga terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kecemasan. Conclusion: Seseorang yang menderita asma tentunya tidak bisa lepas dari rasa cemas tentang penyakit yang dideritanya, oleh karena itu dukungan keluarga yang baik akan menurunkan kecemasan pada penderita asma tersebut.
Impact of Yoga Nidra as Natural Tranquilizer in Emotional Pain
Authors: Joshi Bhavika
Published: April 2021

As a science of wellbeing, Yoga needs not more introduction. In this modern time Yoga practices utilize as preventive as well as curative aspects. In this article, affect of an ancient yogic Practice called Yoga Nidra can discharge emotional blockages and tie of pain. Emotional suffering is suffering or harmed that originates from non physical sources. In modern time individual may endure from this sort of suffering habitually due to parts of reasons. When an individual cannot express his/her sentiments and suppress that, it may create emotional blockages in mind. Yoga Nidra practice work as tool to help this sort of suffering and work as tranquilizer.

Key words: Emotional pain, Yoga Practice, Yoga Nidra.
Scientific Validation on Siddha Sashtric Polyherbal Formulation “Raasa Amirthathy Chooranam” for Tuberculosis – A Review
Authors: M Vimalan , R Antony Duraichi
Published: April 2021

Siddha medicines include 32 types of internal medicines and 32 types of external applications. Herbal drugs are given in the forms like choornam (powder), ilagam, Mathirai (tablets), thylam (oil) and mineral preparations in the form of parpam (white calcinated powder), chendooram (red in color) etc. The siddha formulation ‘Raasa amirthathy chooranam’ is a polyherbal formulation consists of 21 herbal ingredients. According to siddha literature, the ingredients in this formulation have therapeutic effects on Uzhzhurukki can be correlated with tuberculosis in modern medical science. Present review focuses on the composition, traditional uses of the Siddha sashtric polyherbal formulation “Raasa amirthathy chooranam” along with the scientific analysis of its pharmacological action. The current review provides a background for the various pharmacological actions of the ingredients of the formulation. Analyzing various research articles, the ingredients of this formulation possesses Anti tuberculosis, Anti microbial, Hepato protective, Anti inflammatory, Antioxidant and Immuno modulatory activity which will improve the symptoms of illness as well as prevent the complications of disease. This review explains the phyto constituents and pharmacological actions of each ingredients of Raasa amirthathy chooranam that has been mentioned in Vaiththiya Saarasangirakam, 1968, Page No 433 classical siddha literature.

Key words: Raasa amirthathy chooranam, tuberculosis, polyherbal formulation.
IAU South West and Central Asian Regional Office of Astronomy for Development
Authors: Mickaelian A. , Hakopian S. , Farmanyan S. , Mikayelyan G.
Published: April 2021

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) announced its Strategic Plan on Astronomy for Development in 2009, during the International Year of Astronomy (IYA). One of its main components was the creation of the Office of Astronomy for Development (OAD) and corresponding Regional Offices (ROADs) for implementation and coordination of its aims. The OAD was created in Cape Town, South Africa and later on ROADs were created in 8 regions. Since 2015, Armenia hosts one of them, IAU South West Asian (SWA), later renamed to South West and Central Asian (SWCA) ROAD. At present, already 6 countries have officially joined (Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Turkey), but the Office serves for a rather broad region, from Eastern Europe to Central Asia. Armenia’s
geographical location and its historical role in astronomy (both for well-known
archaeoastronomical heritage and the presence of the famous Byurakan Astrophysical
Observatory (BAO) founded by Viktor Ambartsumian in 1946) serve as a link between Europe and Eastern Partnership countries, Middle East and Asia in general. We run activities in 3 directions, Task Forces (TF): TF1 Universities and Research, TF2 Children and Schools and TF3 Public Outreach. We present our projects and all other accomplishments and discuss the role of our ROAD in maintaining contacts and development of astronomy in the region, as well as contacts between Europe and the Eastern Partnership countries. Most up-to-date information about the IAU SWCA ROAD is available on its webpage at http://iau-swaroad.aras.am/eng/index.php.
Macro and Microscope Aspects in the 5-FU-Induced Oral Mucosistis in Model
Authors: Moreira Fonseca Khetyma , Freire Carvalho Neilton , Rolim Medeiros Jand Venes
Published: April 2021

Not applicable.
The Relationship Between Education Outputs, Education Expenditure, and Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Houcine Benlaria , Kerroumia Messen , El-Tahan Emad Abdel Khalek Saber , Helal Tarig Osman Abdallah
Published: April 2021

The present study investigated the relationship between education outputs, Education expenditure, and economic growth in Saudi Arabia for the time period of 1986–2016. The results obtained after employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model revealed a long-term relationship between the studied variables, an inverse relationship between the number of graduates and growth in the long term, whereas a non-significant positive relationship appeared in the short -term. Findings indicate also that public spending in education has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in the long run. Furthermore, he observed that a 1% increase in public expenditure in education contributes 18% increase in GDP per capita in the long run. This is in line with economic theory and previous research showing that expenditure on education leads to a rise in GDP per capita and economic growth rates. The recommendations of this study are fundamental to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
In de schaduw van prestige
Authors: Verheul Wouter Jan , Schönau Wicher
Published: April 2021

In the shadow of prestige. The necessary demand for a mature public real estate agency

Some prestigious urban projects demonstrate many forms of misfit, misfortune, or mismanagement. Without big plans and high ambitions large projects don’t get off the ground, however, with a lack of attention for a diligent implementation and organization, fiascoes will follow. In the city of Rotterdam, the realization of a pop music hall, failed completely. In this case, the municipal public real estate agency played a central role in the failure of this urban project, and even a huge fraud that wasted millions of euros came out in the open. The main question in this article is: what can we learn from projects that fail during the implementation phase, and how can we professionalize public real estate agencies to avoid mistakes, fraud and other fiascoes? Such questions are relevant for public agencies that have to deal with both high and ever changing political and managerial ambitions, as well as with several commercial actors. This article offers insights behind the scenes of a public real estate agency, based on an in-depth case study. The authors demonstrate mechanisms of organizational vulnerability during the implementation of urban projects, as well as critical success factors of a professional, mature public real estate agency.
Het manische karakter van commerciële vastgoedprojecten in een kwetsbare publieke context
Authors: Bokhorst Meike , Verheul Wouter Jan
Published: April 2021

The maniac character of commercial real estate projects within a vulnerable public context

To get a better understanding of the maniac mechanism that can take place behind the scenes of prestigious projects, we need to further explore practices within the world of commercial real estate that are usually hidden from the public, including public administration. This article presents a conversation with a Dutch research journalist that became famous after his bestseller books about real estate fraud, and his hundreds of national newspaper articles about all kinds of integrity issues. This article delivers insights in the maniac character of commercial real estate within a vulnerable public context. The article demonstrates cases of fraudulent private entrepreneurs and public officials, examples of blind spots in the public management of urban projects that are developed in partnership with commercial real estate firms, and also cases of public failure in preventing integrity issues.
De rol van het gemeenschappelijk belang bij de verenigbaarverklaring van steunmaatregelen
Authors: Dekker C.T.
Published: April 2021

De rol van het gemeenschappelijk belang bij de verenigbaarverklaring van steunmaatregelen

Moet een lidstaat die een steunmaatregel door de Europese Commissie verenigbaar verklaard wil krijgen op grond van artikel 107 lid 3 VWEU, aantonen dat met die steunmaatregel een gemeenschappelijk belang bevorderd wordt? Dat is wel de praktijk. Het arrest Hinkley roept echter de vraag op of dat aantonen van het bevorderen van een gemeenschappelijk belang gevergd kan worden en wat de rol daarvan dan is in de beoordeling van de verenigbaarheid van steunmaatregelen. Daarop wordt ingegaan in dit artikel.

HvJ 22 september 2020, zaak C-594/18P, ECLI:EU:C:2020:742 (Oostenrijk/Commissie (Hinkley)).
Het spanningsveld tussen de belangen van producent, concurrent en publiek
Authors: Bijl Y.C. , de Klein J.
Published: April 2021

Het spanningsveld tussen de belangen van producent, concurrent en publiek: hoever reikt de bescherming van de commerciële belangen van farmaceutische bedrijven onder de Eurowob?

In deze bijdrage worden twee recente uitspraken van respectievelijk het Gerecht en het Hof van Justitie besproken. In deze uitspraken laten zij zich uit over het openbaar maken van klinische onderzoeksrapporten verstrekt in het kader van een aanvraag voor het in de handel brengen van een geneesmiddel. In de uitspraken komen onder meer het leerstuk van de algemene aanname van de vertrouwelijkheid en de uitzonderingsgrond onder de Eurowob die dient ter bescherming van de commerciële belangen van een (rechts)persoon aan bod. Dit artikel beoogt uiteen te zetten in hoeverre de uitspraken meer duidelijkheid verschaffen over het bovengenoemde leerstuk en de genoemde uitzonderingsgrond.

Verordening (EG) nr. 1049/2001 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 30 mei 2001 inzake de toegang van het publiek tot documenten van het Europees Parlement, de Raad en de Commissie (PbEU 2001, L 145).

Gerecht 5 februari 2018, zaak T-718/15, ECLI:EU:T:2018:66 (PTC Therapeutics International/EMA) (PbEU 2018, C 104)

HvJ 22 januari 2020, zaak C-175/18 P, ECLI:EU:C:2020:23 (PTC Therapeutics International/EMA) (PbEU 2018, C 231)
Práticas integrativas associadas à educação em saúde na redução das dores crônicas osteomusculares: uma abordagem multiprofissional
Authors: Pinheiro Jessica Lemos , Silva Amorim Sandra Thais , Varkala Lanuez Fernanda , Castro Lemos Lucia
Published: April 2021

As dores crônicas são caracterizadas como eventos persistentes, contínuos ou recorrentes, com duração mínima de três meses e de natureza biopsicossocial. As queixas osteomusculares estão presentes em 30 a 40% da população do país e configura-se como um importante problema de saúde pública. Contudo, as intervenções clínicas podem estar somatizadas com ações educativas em saúde, pois são uma alternativa para o incentivo do vínculo entre a equipe multiprofissional e usuários. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de queixas de dores crônicas osteomusculares e verificar a influência entre dor crônica e as práticas integrativas associadas com ações educativas em saúde desenvolvidas pela equipe de Residência Multiprofissional em Atenção Básica e Saúde da Família. Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal e quantitativo. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre janeiro e abril de 2017. Os dados foram coletados através de uma avaliação individual e mensuração da dor. O protocolo de terapia foi realizado durante 2 vezes por semana com duração de uma hora por sessão. Participaram da pesquisa 25 pacientes. A prevalência das queixas de dores osteomusculares na região da coluna lombar foi referida por 80% dos participantes antes da intervenção e na última semana após a intervenção apenas 16% referiram dor nesta região. Constatou-se no presente trabalho que as práticas integrativas associadas a Educação em Saúde com uma abordagem multidisciplinar diminuem as queixas de dores crônicas osteomusculares.
A POSSIBILIDADE DA EXECUÇÃO DA PRISÃO-PENA A PARTIR DA SEGUNDA INSTÂNCIA
Authors: Rocha André Aarão
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho busca trabalhar o tema da possibilidade da execução provisória da pena em segunda instância. Para tanto, serão analisadas as Ações Diretas de Constitucionalidade de nos 43, 44 e 54, reunidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal para julgamento. Posteriormente, será realizada uma revisão jurisprudencial, com a análise dos casos anteriores levados à apreciação do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre a matéria em questão. Ademais, busca-se explicitar as duas correntes doutrinárias a respeito do tema, trazendo à discussão os argumentos de autores de ambos os entendimentos. Em seguida, serão apresentadas as normas que regulamentam a matéria tanto no âmbito nacional quanto em diversos tratados internacionais. Por fim, será efetuada uma análise crítica a respeito do tema, na qual será analisada a decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal no julgamento das Ações Diretas de Constitucionalidade examinadas, bem como a necessidade e possibilidade de alteração do art. 5º, LVII da Constituição e do art. 283 do Código de Processo Penal.
O MANDADO DE INJUNÇÃO
Authors: Assis Daniel Araújo de
Published: April 2021

O presente estudo busca analisar o instituto do mandado de injunção sob a Constituição da República de 1988 e sua pós regulamentação pela Lei nº 13.300/2016, remontando a um breve panorama histórico sob o qual foi inaugurado e delineando os objetivos de sua concepção, na preocupação constituinte de atribuir efetividade às normas constitucionais programáticas, que sempre receberam um status de mero formalismo normativo. Deslinda ainda sobre seus pressupostos, efeitos e utilidades para o cidadão, assim como expõe sua compreensão doutrinária e jurisprudencial, a fim de tornar cristalina a sua missão constitucional na defesa e promoção de direitos individuais e coletivos. Inobstante, far-se-á um breve comparativo com o mandado de segurança contra ato omissivo, procurando esclarecer os casos de utilização, com o intuito de suprimir possíveis confusões acerca da matéria. Para tanto, se valerá de uma pesquisa documental consistente na revisão bibliográfica acerca do assunto, assim como seu tratamento jurisprudencial pelas Cortes Superiores.
EXECUÇÃO PROVISÓRIA DA PENA E SUA ATUAL APLICAÇÃO PELO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL
Authors: Santos João Pedro Maia dos
Published: April 2021

O estudo sobre o estado de exceção tem, como principais expoentes, Carl Schmitt e Giorgio Agamben. Ambos vão apontar que a marca predominante de um estado de exceção é a separação entre lei e “força-de-lei”. O ativismo judiciário deve ser entendido como um fenômeno bifacetário, sendo que, em seu aspecto negativo transforma a aplicação das leis em instrumento de perseguição de adversários e rompe com o Estado Democrático de Direito, não garantindo a todos a igualdade perante a Lei. A execução provisória da pena é um ativismo judiciário negativo visto que sua aceitação viola vários dos preceitos fundamentais que estão na base do Estado de Direito tal como erigido na Constituição Federal de 1988, tais como a presunção de inocência, o devido processo legal e a vedação ao retrocesso social. Dessa forma, a decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal que permitiu a execução provisória da pena mostra não só a importância de se pensar um mecanismo de controle das ações da Suprema Corte, como a expõe como agente de exceção, demonstrando que mesmo as instituições democráticas não afastam em definitivo o risco de um Estado autoritário.
YANOMAMI ENTERRADO COMO BRANCO
Authors: Silva Líbia de Paula Ferreira da , Mendes Phâmela Beatriz Vitorino
Published: April 2021

A pandemia gerada pelo novo coronavírus ocasionou diversos impactos sociais, culturais, políticos e jurídicos, dentre eles, impedimentos à manutenção de costumes e tradições do povo indígena Yanomami, implicando em violação dos direitos indigenistas reconhecidos pela Constituição Federal Brasileira de 1988 e por normas internacionais. Este trabalho analisa o impacto gerado pelas medidas médico-sanitárias desenvolvidas para o enfrentamento da pandemia, especificamente, no ritual fúnebre Yanomami. Busca-se caracterizar a omissão estatal em suas políticas públicas, sobretudo, pela ausência de diálogo com os representantes dos povos indígenas, a fim de tentar conciliar a implementação das medidas de saúde pública e a manutenção de rituais indígenas.
Seleção de Provedores de Nuvem através do Auxílio de Aprendizado de Máquina Automatizado
Authors: Hopfer Kauã , Fiorese Adriano
Published: April 2021

Uma forma de ranqueamento e seleção de provedores de nuvem é apresentada através do uso da função de Aprendizado de Máquina Automatizado (AutoML) da plataforma H2O. íE exibido um sistema de ranqueamento que produz uma pontuação para cada provedor de nuvem avaliado. Experimentos realizados com o auxílio da plataforma H2O, apresentaram resultados precisos e mais rápidos quando comparados a alternativa de resolução exata.
Desempenho de Modelos de Redes Neurais Recorrentes para Análise de Sentimentos
Authors: Künas Cristiano , Heck Leandro , Padoin Edson
Published: April 2021

Cada vez mais usuários expressam seus sentimentos em forma de opinião sobre diversos assuntos. Analisar os sentimentos expostos pode auxiliar no entendimento do que as pessoas estão falando sobre uma determinada empresa, marca, evento ou até mesmo sobre outras pessoas, funcionando como uma forma de se obter um feedback. Este artigo apresenta uma comparação de acurácia e tempo de execução de modelos de Recurrent Neural Network baseados em LSTM e BiLSTM para aplicação de análise de sentimento. Com a aplicação da RNN desenvolvida sobre uma base de dados pública com 50.000 registros de ﬁlmes foi possível aumentar a acurácia da RNN para 89,34% e reduzir o tempo de treinamento em até 7,22 vezes.
Análise de desempenho das técnicas de vetorização, predicação e loads não temporais em processadores Skylake
Authors: Ferreira Mateus Felipe , Moreira Francis , Alves Marco Antonio , Krause Arthur , Santos Paulo Cesar
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho avalia o desempenho, em termos de tempo de execução, de três técnicas de otimização de código. Embora as técnicas de vetorização de instruções e predicação demonstrem uma redução nesse tempo em cada benchmark proposto, a técnica de load não temporal, ao contrário do esperado, teve um desempenho inferior quando comparado com o modelo base proposto.
Melhorando a Geração Automática de Código Paralelo em Arquiteturas Multi-core na SPar
Authors: Löff Júnior , Griebler Dalvan , Fernandes Luiz Gustavo
Published: April 2021

Neste trabalho, a ﬁm de melhorar a eﬁciência do código paralelo gerado em arquiteturas multi-core, foi estendida a linguagem e o compilador da SPar para permitir a geração automática de padrões paralelos pertencentes aos dois principais domínios de paralelismo, o de stream e de dados. Experimentos mostram que a nova versão da SPar obteve resultados similares, ou até mesmo melhores, que as versões implementadas manualmente.
Implementação MPIC++ e HPX dos Kernels NPB
Authors: Leonarczyk Ricardo , Griebler Dalvan
Published: April 2021

Este artigo apresenta a implementação paralela dos cinco kernels pertencentes ao NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB) com MPIC++ e HPX para execução em arquiteturas de cluster. Os resultados demonstraram que o modelo de programação HPX pode ser mais eﬁciente do que MPIC++ em algoritmos tais como transformada rápida de Fourier, ordenação e Gradiente Conjugado.
Aplicação de Método Guloso para Balanceamento de Carga em uma Aplicação de Exploração Eletromagnética
Authors: Dagostini Jessica , Pinto Vinicius , Schnorr Lucas
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho apresenta a aplicação de um método guloso para balanceamento de carga de uma aplicação de inversão de dados eletromagnéticos, coletados empregando o método mCSEM. Tal política trouxe um ganho de desempenho de 41% para a aplicação em relação à política original.
Uso de Métricas de Codificação para Avaliar a Programação Paralela nas Aplicações de Stream em Sistemas Multi-core
Authors: Andrade Gabriella , Griebler Dalvan , Santos Rodrigo , Fernandes Luiz G.
Published: April 2021

Neste trabalho, sete métricas de codiﬁcação são avaliadas considerando quatro aplicações do mundo real implementadas com FastFlow, Pthreads, SPar e TBB. Nossos resultados mostram que SPar apresenta os melhores indicadores de acordo com as métricas utilizadas.
Uso de Paralelismo em uma Aplicação de Meio Poroso
Authors: Dos Santos Ronaldo , Fiorenza Mauricio , Temp Daniel , Viegas Pablo , Schepke Claudio
Published: April 2021

O aumento de desempenho dos processadores atuais, deve-se ao número cada vez maior de cores. Este trabalho apresenta melhorias aplicadas ao código de um projeto denominado Poros, utilizando o paralelismo através da biblioteca OpenMP. Dessa forma, com a análise da execução sequencial em comparação com as execuções paralelas, foi possível veriﬁcar uma melhoria de cerca de 23% no tempo de execução em uma arquitetura multicore.
Uma Plataforma para Redução e Separação de Ruído em Drones Equipados com Sensores Sonoros
Authors: Silva Luís Augusto , Encinas Francisco , Da Silva Bruno , Mendes André , Leithardt Valderi , González Gabriel
Published: April 2021

A utilização de drones está aumentando para os novos campos de aplicações, desde a agricultura à segurança. Uma destas aplicações é a medição sonora ou audiovisual em áreas de difícil acesso. Em este trabalho apresentamos a aplicação e o algoritmo que emprega mecanismos de Blind Source Separation (BSS) para a separação das fontes de ruído. O algoritmo utiliza a relação entre a emissão sonora e as fontes de ruído em função das variáveis, tais como potência do motor, rotações por minuto, ou tipo de hélice.
Proposta de Adaptação Dinâmica de Padrões Paralelos
Authors: Vogel Adriano , Griebler Dalvan , Fernandes Luiz Gustavo
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma perspectiva para adaptar dinamicamente os padrões paralelos em tempo de execução, objetivando abstrair dos programadores a deﬁnição de qual padrão paralelo usar e aumentar a ﬂexibilidade. Os resultados preliminares demonstram a eﬁcácia da solução proposta.
Proposta de Suporte à Parametrização no NPB com CUDA
Authors: Araujo Gabriell , Griebler Dalvan , Fernandes Luiz G.
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho propõe a introdução de parâmetros conﬁguráveis para GPUs no NPB. A etapa inicial do estudo contemplou a parametrização do número de threads por bloco e seu impacto no desempenho de GPUs.
Comparação experimental dos algoritmos coletivos para o MPI_Allgather no OpenMPI
Authors: Loch Wilton , Koslovski Guilherme
Published: April 2021

Uma das chamadas coletivas populares trata-se da MPI Allgather, cuja implementação seleciona um algoritmo dentre os vários disponíveis com base nos parâmetros de execução e utilizando regras estáticas. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar experimentalmente as regras de seleção de algoritmo no OpenMPI 4.0.3 para esta chamada. Os resultados obtidos apontam que as escolhas são ineﬁcientes para os cenários avaliados em grande parte dos testes.
Desenvolvimento de ferramentas e métodos automatizados para simulação de projeto de computadores quânticos
Authors: García David , Mendes Andre , Da Silva Bruno , Silva Luís Augusto , González Gabriel
Published: April 2021

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de ferramentas e métodos automatizados que auxiliem na simulação para projetos de computadores quânticos. Com a ﬁnalidade de alcançar o objetivo, esta pesquisa inclui, a criação de circuitos quânticos, o cálculo do near time (redução do tempo entre a ocorrência de um evento e o uso dos dados processados), a criação e suporte de transpiladores e compiladores, porúltimo, a implementação e uso de algoritmos clássicos para a melhoria da computação quântica.
Algoritmo RSFK para busca de similaridade em GPU
Authors: Meyer Bruno Henrique , Zola Wagner , Pozo Aurora
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho apresenta um algoritmo chamado RSFK para computar a estrutura KNN Graph utilizando GPU. Foi possível observar que o RSFK obteve melhores resultados em comparação às outras opções observadas na literatura, considerando o tradeoff entre tempo e acurácia do resultado.
Proposta de Rápida Recuperação por Redução de Log
Authors: Xavier Luiz Gustavo , Dotti Fernando Luís , Meinhardt Cristina , Mendizabal Odorico
Published: April 2021

Logs são cruciais no desenvolvimento de aplicações distribuídas tolerantes a falhas. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem para acelerar a recuperação em protocolos de recuperação baseados em log. A abordagem explora a eliminação consciente de comandos de maneira pouco intrusiva à aplicação, resultando em arquivos de logs menores sem ferir a consistência de estado da aplicação, permitindo uma rápida recuperação.
Proposta de Otimização do Tamanho de Batch em Aplicações de Stream para Multicores usando Aprendizado de Máquina
Authors: Scheer Claudio , Griebler Dalvan , Fernandes Luiz G.
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de estudo e avaliação de features e algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina visando melhorar a desempenho através do ajuste/regulagem do tamanho do batch em aplicações paralelas de stream para arquiteturas multicore.
Comparação de desempenho do algoritmo de treinamento de uma rede neural em GPU
Authors: Lima Marcelo , Zola Wagner
Published: April 2021

Neste trabalho, faz-se uma avaliação de desempenho de uma implementação em CUDA C do algoritmo de treinamento de uma rede neural. Obteve-se speedup de 3x em GPU comparado com o tempo da implementação em Python em CPU através das bibliotecas Keras e Tensorflow. 1.
Compensator Designed for Electro-Hydraulic Servo System in Laminar State
Authors: Zeng Le , Yang Jun , Tan Jianping
Published: April 2021

The study researched the orifice flow equation when the flow state of the orifice is laminar. Based on the novel flow equation and the expected linear flow equation, a compensator is designed to compensate the non-linearity and make the flow characteristics linear. The characteris-tics experiment result shows that the flow after compensa-tion control is close to the expected flow, in which the pres-sure difference was increased from 0.5MPa to 4MPa, and the error is less than 20%. When the compensator is used as feed forward control in the EHSS and compound with proportional (P) control, the sinusoidal response error with frequency of 0.5Hz and amplitude of 5mm is within 0.4mm under large external load. While the error of the uncompensated system is up to 0.8mm. The compensator can be used into the electro-hydraulic system with larger load disturbance and improve the control performance compounded with the simplest proportional (P) controller.
Akıllı Telefondan Yoksun Kalmak: Nomofobi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Yılmaz Mustafa , Köse Aynur , Doğru Yusuf Bahadır
Published: April 2021

Yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimiyle birlikte akıllı telefon kullanım oranlarında kayda değer bir artış olmuş, bu araçlar McLuhan’ın yıllar önce öngördüğü gibi bireyin bir uzantısı haline gelmiştir. Akıllı telefon kullanımının günlük hayatta sağladığı pek çok yarardan söz edilebileceği gibi olumsuz olarak nitelendirilebilecek tarafları da bulunmaktadır. Son yıllarda akademik tartışmalarda ve medyada karşılaşılan “nomofobi” kavramı bu bağlamda incelenmeye değerdir. Nomofobi, kısaca “akıllı telefondan yoksun kalma korkusu” olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu çalışmada akıllı telefon kullanımının daha çok genç bireylerde yoğunlaştığı göz önünde bulundurularak Kocaeli Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi’nin 353 öğrencisiyle anket tekniği kullanılarak bir “nomofobi” araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öğrencilerin nomofobi düzeylerini belirlemeyi amaçlayan bu araştırmada geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği test edilmiş olan Nomofobi ölçeğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin yüzde 40,50’sinin nomofobik olduğunu, Nomofobi Ölçeği’nden aldıkları ortalama puan da nomofobi düzeylerinin ortalamanın üzerinde olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ölçeğin iki alt boyutunu oluşturan “İletişimi Kaybetme ve Bilgiye Ulaşamama” boyutlarında nomofobinin öğrenciler arasında yaygınlaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca kadınların nomofobi düzeylerinin erkeklerden anlamlı şekilde farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Kadınların “iletişimi kaybetme ve cihazdan yoksunluk” boyutlarındaki nomofobi düzeylerinin anlamlı şekilde erkeklerden yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcıların özellikle aileleri ve arkadaşlarıyla bağlantılarının kesilmesinden ve kendilerine ulaşılamamasından endişe ettikleri saptanmıştır.
Noli adhaerere velle seni mundo
Authors: Miranda Americo ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: April 2021

Augustine invites Christians to maintain a detached attitude towards this world, an invitation which is largely reflected in the Sermones ad populum. This article studies these sermons to highlight the understanding of the relationship of Christians with pagans who are ultimately called to convert. According to this study, it is through preaching that Augustine christianizes pagans without forgetting other means, especially dialogue and knowledge of the practices of peoples not yet educated in the faith.
Biopower, Biopolitics, Biosemiotics: Entangling Mortalities and Moralities
Authors: Anderson Myrdene , Bisanz Elize
Published: April 2021

While biosemiotics moves in the direction of liberating both biology and semiotics from strict observance of the paradigms of the 19th and 20th centuries – via evo-devo-eco models and the ontological turn – we propose a glance backwards as well as a sharper focus on the social and sexual conditions of the present and foreseeable future. We bring together contemporary discourses on feminism, biophilia, biophobia, essentialisms, and denial, with the prescient ideas of biopower developed by Michel Foucault with respect to the nation-state. He addressed a bevy of pathologies endemic in the societies he witnessed at that time; these conditions persist and indeed have flourished, ranging from sexism, to racism, to classism, to technologism, to the outsourcing of work and the exporting of refuse, to the addictive mantra of “sustainability”, all culminating in society’s exercising of power over both life and death, both living and dying, both near and far. We also find biopower a suitable critical lens for pursuing the pathologies surrounding population – population as generated, as regulated, as ignored, as denied, whether or not acknowledged as being the work of wombs.
A. A. Bashmakov as editor-in-chief of the “Government Gazette” (1906-1913)
Authors: Beklemisheva Mariia Mikhailovna
Published: April 2021

This article is dedicated to examination of the activity of the Russian publicist A. A. Bashmakov (1858-1943) as editor-in-chief of the “Government Gazette” in the period from May 1906 to February 1913. The introductory part of the article provides an overview of the used historiography and sources. The first part of the article explores the peculiarities of issuing newspaper in the early XX century, the circumstances of A. A. Bashmakov's appointment to the post, his daily tasks as the editor, and criticism of the published materials. The second part traces the changes in the newspaper “Addendum to the Government Gazette” due to the appointment of a new editor. The third part analyzes the question of his resignation. In conclusion, the author analyzes the results achieved by A. A. Bashmakov. The research employs a range of poorly studied archival sources and newspaper materials, as well as reminiscences. The novelty of this work is defined by the absence of information about A. A. Bashmakov as an editor, as well as insignificant number of literary sources dedicated to the central official government press of this period. This article contributes to the study of functionality of government print media in 1906 – 1907, which are the first years of A. A. Bashmakov in the role of editor-in-chief.. In feuilletons and articles, the editor-in-chief had an opportunity to express personal point of view on various matters. The content of the “Addendum to the Government Gazette” was left to his discretion; however, the newspaper was shut down due to reasons beyond control of the editor-in-chief.
The problem of freedom through the prism of N. N. Alekseev’s typology of legal relations
Authors: Ugrin Ivan Mikhailovich
Published: April 2021

This article explores the problem of freedom in its social context through the prism of N. N. Alekseev's legal theory – one of the founders of Eurasian philosophy and political science. Out of all Eurasians, he is the most considerable contributor to the development of legal matters. The Eurasian theory of state and law is a unique and highly demanded legal theory. This work focused on the typology of legal relations, rather than the theory as a whole. Such typology gives a new perspective on the problem of freedom in its connection with the value of solidarity; it allows revealing the concept of positive freedom as a balance between rights and responsibilities. If such a balance is achieved, personal freedom becomes the condition for the unity of society, and the unity of society is ensured through protection of personal freedom. At the same time; the unity cannot be understood mechanistically; only organic unity let the members of society develop, so the society remains a unified whole The organic balance between rights and responsibilities, or the universal harmony of legal duties, is an ideal benchmark, which although is not quite achievable in a specific lawmaking and law-enforcement activity, but in approaching it, the state improves itself in consonance with the principle of justice.
ORACLE reveals a bright future to fight bacteria
Authors: Coyote-Maestas Willow , Fraser James S
Published: April 2021

A new way to alter the genome of bacteriophages helps produce large libraries of variants, allowing these bacteria-killing viruses to be designed to target species harmful to human health.
Educator Perspectives on Teacher Attrition and Retention in Private Early Childhood Schools in India
Authors: Menon Swathi Sandesh , Brackin Donna Moucha
Published: April 2021

Teacher attrition is a challenge in many countries. This qualitative case study explored the perspectives of teachers and school leaders in India regarding how teacher attrition in private early childhood schools influences the students, teachers, parents, school leaders, and schools and the factors that stakeholders identify as important to retain teachers. Themes related to compensation for increased workloads, positive workplace relationships, schedule flexibility, teaching autonomy and rewards/recognition for work. Sharing these experiences and suggestions of educators on teacher attrition can help education leaders possibly lessen teacher attrition and retention in India.