bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indikator Keuangan yang Memengaruhi Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Sejahtera Kementrian Agama Kabupaten Luwu
Authors: Sunusi Agusalim , Sahrir Sukmawati Sultan
Published: March 2022

This study was based on the phenomenon which shown that the return on Equity (ROE) of USP KPRI Sejahterah Ministry of Religious Affairs of Luwu Regency, 2007 – 2021 has fluctuated. This study used the Liquidity proxied by the Current Ratio, the Capital Structured proxied by the Debt to Equity Ratio and the Efficiency proxied by the Efficiency Ratio, as the Independent Variable and the Financial Performance proxied by Return on Equity (ROE) as the Dependent Variable. This research was conducted to know the influence of Liquidity, Capital Structure and Efficiency on Financial Performance of USP KPRI Sejahterah Ministry of Religious Affairs of Luwu Regency, 2007–2021. The data this research was Secondary Data of Financial Report from USP KPRI Sejahterah Ministry Religious Affairs of Luwu Regency 2007 – 2021, which has been approved in General Annual Meeting. This research used Multiple Linear Regression Analysis to analize the influence of Independent variable to Dependent variable and using Purposive Sampling Technique in determining the research sample. The result of analysis shown that the Liquidity proxied by Current Ratio  partially had a negative did not significant  effect on the Financial Performance, the Capital Structure proxied by the Debt to Equity Ratio partially had a positive and significant effect on the Financial Performance and Efficiency of the company proxied by Efficiency Ratio partially had a negative and significant on the Financial Performance. Based on partial analysis, Capital Structure variable was the dominant variable affecting Financial Performance (ROE) KSP KPRI Sejahterah of Ministry Religious Affairs of Luwu Regency..
Pengaruh Perputaran Kas, Perputaran Piutang, dan Perputaran Persediaan Terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan Sektor Makanan dan Minuman yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016 – 2020
Authors: Rosliana Andi , Suriyanti Suriyanti , Budiandriani Budiandriani
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendapatkan bukti empiris tentang pengaruh perputaran kas, perputaran piutang dan perputaran persediaan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah industri makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di BEI. Teknik sampling yang digunakan purposive sampling dengan 7 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan perputarakan kas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, perputaran piutang berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, perputaran persediaan berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap profitabilitas.
The Role of Temporary Use of Public Space in Sustainable Development
Authors: Högyeová Michaela , Agócsová Ágnes , Hajduk Michal , Gažová Daniela
Published: March 2022

The aim of this research paper is to explore the sustainable approach towards the management of public spaces. The paper is divided into seven sections. In the beginning, a discussion of why management of public spaces is generally an important subject is described by means of a literature review. The second part of the paper focuses on the value of public space, providing an overview of the benefits of, and roles played by, properly defined and planned public spaces. The third part of the paper presents a detailed discussion of the process of what is seen to be an innovative approach to the management of public spaces. Significant objectives are identified, in accordance with the new process of public space management, its impact, and synergies. In the fourth part, the research methodology is discussed. This section outlines the two approaches taken towards a case study of temporary use of public space in Slovakia and a survey exploring the success of the temporary approach.Finally, the outcome of the case study and results of the survey are outlined, highlighting interesting potential best practices regarding the temporary use of public spaces. The results of the case study suggest that the planning of public spaces plays a significant role in the cities; consequently, the creation of public spaces must be considered as one of the most important aspects when analysing strategies towards sustainable urban development.
Improvement of Soil Fertility Through Jackfruit-Based Multistoried Agroforestry Practices in Terrace Ecosystem
Authors: Islam MM , Miah MG , Saha SR , Rahman MA , Akanda MAM , Kamruzzaman M
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the soil chemical properties of a jackfruit-based multistoried agroforestry system of a farmer’s field in Belabo upazila of Narsingdi district located in the central terrace ecosystem of Bangladesh. The three-storied of crops viz. upperstorey - jackfruit trees; middlestorey - papaya, lemon, mandarin and sweet orange and lowerstorey - seasonal vegetables such as eggplant, bottle gourd and ash gourd were included in the system. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were five treatments covering agroforestry with four orientations and sole cropping (jackfruit trees). The agroforestry system improved the chemical properties of top soil layer compared to the sole cropping with jackfruit trees. Soil pH (4.62), total nitrogen (0.081%), organic carbon (0.61%), organic matter (1.05%), phosphorus (4.23 ppm), sulphur (10.17 ppm), calcium (2.27 meq/100g), magnesium (0.46 meq/100g) and potassium (0.52 meq/100g) were recorded in the agroforestry systems that were higher than those of the soil properties of sole cropping (jackfruit trees). The result revealed that practicing agroforestry can help in improving the soil fertility status for successful sustainable crop production.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2021) 25 (1) : 105-115
Determination of Quality Index for Surface and Ground Water of Jashore, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain MM , Hossain MN
Published: March 2022

The purpose of present study was to estimate the water quality index (WQI) for describing water quality of both surface water and groundwater of Jashore, Bangladesh. The samples were collected from pond and tube-well water of the campus area of Jashore University of Science and Technology and Bhairab river, Jashore in February 2019. The collected samples were analyzed to calculate WQI from the following parameters: pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, chloride ions, biological oxygen demand, and sulphate ions. WQI values found in this study for tube-well, pond and river water samples were in the range of 43-47, 61-85, and > 100 which demonstrate the status of water as good, poor, and polluted, respectively. The published results obtained from this investigation may acquaint the residents of the research area about using the water mainly in drinking purpose.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2021) 25 (1) : 117-122
Pengaruh Akun Instagram @temandisabilitas_Id dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Followers Terhadap Difabel
Authors: Ramdan Angelita Kania , Rismawan Fuad Rizki , Wiharnis Nadiah , Safitri Dini
Published: March 2022

The Instagram account @temandisabilitas_id uses Instagram as a media to provide information about people with disabilities, to provide knowledge to followers of the account about people with disabilities. This account presents attractive content with a variety of visual and audiovisual content. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of this Instagram account on increasing knowledge of @temandisability_id account followers. This study uses the influence variable Instagram social media, which has two dimensions, namely content and increased knowledge. This research uses a quantitative approach, with a descriptive type of research. The population is 192 with a sample of 59. The results of this study indicate that the information provided by the account has an influence on increasing the knowledge of Instagram account followers @ dependability. Because the content is short and clear and interesting.
PENGARUH PELAKSANAAN SURGICAL SAFETY CHECKLIST TERHADAP SASARAN KESELAMATAN PASIEN BEDAH
Authors: Sudarko Bambang Priyo
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

The implementation of surgical safety is a medical procedure that aims to save lives, prevent disabilities and complications. A literature search was carried out in December 2020 using Scient Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Keywords are adjusted to the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH), namely ,, “Surgical Safety Checklist” OR “Patient Safety Goals”, OR “Perioperative Nurse. The search results were 156 similar articles so they were excluded and the remaining 11 articles. The researcher then conducted a screening based on the title (n = 156), abstract (n = 23) and full text (n = 10) which was adjusted to the theme of the literature review. The assessment that was as 10 articles that can be used in the literature review, there is a significant effect of implementing the surgical safety checklist and have an effect on patient safety goals. The goal of patient safety is very important for the surgical process because it reduces the adverse effects that occur related to the patient's life. The failure factors of surgery problems can be in many aspects, the perception of fatigue of the staff, and the lack of alertness of the staff.

Key words: Surgical, Safety, Checklist, Perioperative

 

ABSTRAK

Pelaksanaan surgical safety bertujuan menyelamatkan nyawa, mencegah kecacatan dan komplikasi. Metode penelitian Literature review merupakan rangkuman menyeluruh studi penelitian.  Pencarian pada Desember 2020 menggunakan tiga database, yaitu Scient Direct, PubMed, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci dengan Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) yaitu,, “Surgical Safety Checklist” OR “Sasaran Keselamatan Pasien”, OR “Perawat Perioperatif”. Hasil pencarian terdapat 156 artikel yang sama sehingga tersisa 10 artikel. Peneliti skrining berdasarkan judul (n = 156), abstrak (n = 23) dan full text (n = 10) yang disesuaikan dengan tema literature review. Assessment kelayakan didapatkan sebanyak  10 artikel yang di review ada pengaruh yang signifikan. Sasaran keselamatan mengurangi efek buruk yang terjadi berkaitan dengan nyawa pasien .Faktor kegagalan masalah operasi bisa dari segi banyak aspek, kelelahan persepsi petugas, serta kurangnya kewaspadaan petugas .

 

Kata Kunci: Surgical, Safety, Checklist, Perioperative
HUBUNGAN ANTARA SUPERVISI PERAWAT DENGAN KELENGKAPAN PENGISIAN DOKUMENTASI PENGKAJIAN KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Kusumawati Yusvida
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Documentation is recording, reporting or recording important valuable service events and activities. The goal is to analyze the relationship between nurse supervision and the completeness of filling out nursing assessment documentation based on nursing care standards. This study used observative correlation method. Followed by the observation of the implementation of Nursing who were involved in the service at Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang. A correlative test of the lambda contingency coefficient was carried out known the results, as many as 14 respondents (28%) had insufficient supervision criteria and the remaining 36 respondents (72%) had criteria well, filling in the nursing assessment documentation based on nursing care standards was carried out completely by 9 respondents (18%) and the remaining 41 respondents (82%) had incomplete criteria, showing a p value of 0.039 <@ (0.05), so it was concluded that there was a significant relationship

Keywords: Nurse supervision, nursing documentation, and nursing care

ABSTRAK

Dokumentasi merupakan pencatatan, pelaporan atau merekam kejadian serta aktivitas pelayanan penting dan berharga. Tujuannya menganalisis hubungan supervisi perawat dengan Kelengkapan Pengisian Dokumentasi Pengkajian Keperawatan  Berdasarkan Standar Asuhan Keperawatan,  menggunakan metode korelasi observatif , peneliti melakukan wawancara untuk mengisi informed concent. Dilanjutkan observasi pelaksanaan Dokumentasi Pengkajian Keperawatan  kepada perawat di IRNA I RS Saiful Anwar  Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisa hubungan. Dilakukan uji korelatif koefisien kontingensi lambda diketahui hasil, sebanyak 14 responden (28%) memiliki kriteria supervisi kurang dan sisanya 36 responden (72%) memiliki kriteria baik, pengisian  berdasarkan standar asuhan keperawatan  dilakukan oleh 9 responden (18%) dan sisanya sebanyak 41 responden (82%) memiliki kriteria tidak lengkap, menunujukkan p value sebesar 0.039< @(0.05), sehingga disimpulkan ada hubungan signifikan .

 

Kata Kunci: Supervisi perawat, Dokumentasi keperawatan, dan asuhan keperawatan
PENGARUH AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN POLA MAKAN TERHADAP KADAR GULA DARAH PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Qodir Abdul
Published: March 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease that can be controlled by doing regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy diet. Physical activity and maintaining a diet are carried out so that the blood sugar levels of patients with diabetes mellitus can be controlled.

Aim : To determine the effect of physical activity and diet on blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus based on empirical studies in the last 5 years.

Method : This study uses the PICOS framework method, searching for articles using Google Scholar and Science Direct in the last 5 years obtained 14 Indonesian and English-language journals with keywords in the search that match the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Result : Based on 14 search journals, the results of research on physical activity and diet on blood sugar levels were obtained. Physical activity that is carried out regularly is one of them by walking around the house and with eating patterns that pay attention to the 3h pattern (right schedule, type and amount of food).

Conclusion: There is a relationship between physical activity and diet on blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. The recommended physical activity is one of them walking around the house for 30-40 minutes. Meanwhile, the recommended eating pattern is to pay attention to the 3j pattern (right schedule, type and amount of food) with a schedule of 3 large meals and 3 snacks.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus;physical activity;diet;sugar levels
Undiagnosed Hidradenitis Suppurativa Associated with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Case Report
Authors: Gul Uzma , Kay Kay Kyaw Khin , Munir Shahzad
Published: March 2022

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease believed to be a risk factor for cardiovascular events. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as metabolic syndrome, often coexist with HS. Chronic inflammatory conditions may underlie cardiovascular events in young patients or those with few traditional risk factors. A 34-year-old female was admitted to the authors’ tertiary care hospital with acute anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and underwent a successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention to their left anterior descending artery. They were a smoker, had a high BMI, and had a positive family history of premature coronary artery disease. During their admission, the patient disclosed that they had discharging lesions under their left breast. The patient had a long-standing history of multiple discharging lesions alternating with disfiguring scars that had started in their late childhood; however, despite this leading to self-dissatisfaction, they did not seek medical advice.

Examination revealed plaques and scarring in both axillae and a chronic abscess under the left breast, the swabs from which were sterile, as is consistent with HS. The laboratory results showed a raised troponin and white cell count with mildly elevated levels of C-reactive protein. The patient was managed with standard acute coronary syndrome treatment and a course of oral doxycycline, and awaits further treatment by dermatology and plastic surgery. The morbidity of HS is grossly underestimated. This case study highlights that HS has significant cardiovascular implications, in addition to psychological impacts, and that underlying systemic inflammation may promote rapid atherosclerosis. Further research into pathogenesis and strategies to prevent adverse cardiovascular events are needed.
Analyzing Marine Engineering Curriculum from the Perspective of the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: ZİNCİR Burak
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study is to answer the questions, what are the relevancies of sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the marine engineering curriculum, and what areas should be improved to achieve a curriculum that supports sustainable marine engineering education. This study is the first study that analyzes all courses at the existing marine engineering curriculum of a university from the perspective of SDGs. Five stepped methodology is applied, which are understanding the content of all SDGs and relevance with maritime transportation, examining the marine engineering curriculum of ITU Maritime Faculty, examining each course catalog and weekly course plan, comparing the content of the SDGs with the content of the courses to determine the relevancy, and find strong and weak sides of the marine engineering curriculum from the aspect of the SDGs. According to the study findings, the top three relevant SDGs to the marine engineering curriculum are SDG4 – Quality education, SDG12 – Responsible consumption and production, and SDG8 – Decent work and economic growth with the percentages of 50%, 18%, and 13%, respectively. On the other hand, the least relevant three SDGs are SDG17 – Partnerships for the goals, SDG2 – Zero hunger, SDG1 – No poverty, and SDG15 – Life on land with the percentages of 1%, 2%, and 3% for the remaining two, respectively. In addition to the curriculum relevancy, IMO Agenda topics are examined and linked with SDGs. According to this examination, the marine engineering curriculum should be improved to achieve sustainable development-based marine engineering education. Moreover, maritime education and training should be changed from the STCW-based structure to the SD-based structure for a modern and sustainable marine engineering curriculum.
Irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Ivashkin V. T. , Shelygin Y. A. , Baranskaya E. K. , Achkasov S. I. , Belous S. S. , Belousova E. A. , Beniashviili A. G. , Vasiliev S. V. , Grigoriev E. G. , Kostenko N. V. , Moskalev A. I. , Kashnikov V. N. , Loranskaya I. D. , Lyashenko O. S. , Poluektova E. A. , Rumyantsev V. G. , Timerbulatov V. M. , Chashkova E. Y. , Shapina M. V. , Sheptulin A. A. , Shifrin O. S. , Zolnikova O. Y. , Baranovsky A. Y. , Korochanskaya N. V. , Mammaev S. N. , Alekseeva O. P. , Khlynov I. B. , Tsukanov V. V. , Alekseenko S. A.
Published: March 2022

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The use of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the complex treatment of anal fissure combined with anal sphincter spasm in non-hospital settings, Boris M. Belik, Alexey N. Kovalev
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: March 2022

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Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients With Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Zhenxing , Fu Rao , Wang Shuang , Zhang Tingting , Tian Xudong , Yang Dawei
Published: March 2022

Background

As one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal tract cancers, esophageal carcinoma (EC) had the tenth morbidity and sixth mortality rate globally in 2020. This study was conducted to investigate whether circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could be used as diagnostic and prognostic tools for patients with EC.

Methods

Peripheral blood samples were collected from 129 patients newly diagnosed with EC, 17 individuals with benign diseases, and 75 healthy donors for CTC analysis using the negative enrichment-fluorescence in situ hybridization (NE-FISH) approach. The relationship between CTCs (counts and karyotypes) and clinicopathological features was then investigated. Moreover, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed to evaluate the predictive value of CTCs.

Results

The detection of CTCs using the NE-FISH approach helped in differentiating patients with EC from benign or healthy controls at a threshold of 2 per 3.2 ml peripheral blood with a sensitivity and specificity of 70.54% and 96.74%, respectively (area under the curve = 0.826, 95% CI 0.770–0.874, p < 0.001). The CTC count was associated with tumor depth (p = 0.012), but there was no correlation with other clinicopathological characteristics. Furthermore, the proportion of CTCs with chromosome 7 triploidy was linked to distant metastasis (p = 0.033) and TNM stage (p = 0.002). The OS was significantly shorter for patients with CTCs ≥ 3 than for those with CTCs < 3. Univariate analysis revealed that sex, vascular invasion, distant metastasis, tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage were the significant prognostic factors for patients with EC. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that distant metastasis (hazard ratio (HR) 3.262, 95% CI 1.671–6.369, p = 0.001 for PFS; HR 3.759, 95% CI 1.867–7.571, p < 0.001 for OS) was a significant prognostic factor for patients with EC.

Conclusions

Detection of CTCs using NE-FISH could be helpful in the diagnosis of EC. The proportion of CTCs with chromosome 7 triploidy was related to distant metastasis and TNM stage. Patients with CTCs ≥ 3 had short OS, while distant metastasis was an independent factor indicating a poor prognosis for patients with EC.
Is Teachers' Depression Contagious to Students? A Study Based on Classes' Hierarchical Models
Authors: Wu Wenfeng , Lu Yongbiao
Published: March 2022

Background

According to the theory of emotional contagion, emotions in one person can trigger similar emotions in groups within social networks. In schools, the class just like a small social network, that teachers' emotion, such as depression, might be contagious to their students. However, until now there is few studies reporting this issue. This study aims to explore whether teachers' depression be contagious to students and what mechanics behind the phenomenon.

Methods

Using Children's depression and cognitive scales to assess 2,579 students, meanwhile using teachers' depression and emotional labor scales assess 529 teachers. The nested data from 112 classes were analyzed.

Results

Teachers' depression was positively correlated with emotional labor surface and deep acting, and teachers' depression cross-level predicted students' depression inversely. For teachers with higher levels of depression, the teacher's deep acting affected their students' depression significantly, the more effortful the teachers' deep acting, the lower the degree of the students' depression, however, for teachers with lower levels of depression, the deep acting was not significant.

Conclusion

The results maybe state that depression in teachers is not readily transmitted to students, one of reasons is that teachers' emotional labor may alleviate the influence of their depression on students. However, considered that teachers' emotional labor was positively correlated with their depression, the teachers' emotional labor may be like a double-edged sword, while alleviating the influence of teachers' depression on students, it also deteriorated their own depression, making it impossible sustainable. For students' depression interventions based in school, including teachers maybe a better selection.
Ex vivo Evaluation of a New Drill System for Placement of Percutaneous Bone Conduction Devices
Authors: Strijbos Ruben M. , Straatman Louise V. , Stokroos Robert J. , Johansson Martin L.
Published: March 2022

The procedure for installation of a percutaneous bone-conducting device has undergone significant improvements since its introduction 40 years ago. Today, the linear incision technique with tissue preservation (LITT-P) and the minimally invasive procedure (MIPS) are the most commonly used approaches. In both these techniques, a gradual increase of the osteotomy using a three-step drilling sequence is utilized, as this approach can allow a stepwise deepening and widening of the osteotomy in the mastoid and can prevent bone overheating. A new minimally invasive procedure (MONO) has been developed that allows an osteotomy to be performed and enables complete removal of the bone volume in one single drill step for a 4 mm implant using a novel parabolic twist drill. Here, the feasibility of the MONO procedure was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated in terms of the dura response to drill trauma in comparison with the outcomes achieved with guide drills used for the LITT-P and MIPS techniques. Fresh frozen temporal bone from a human cadaver was subjected to penetration by three drills beyond the base of the mastoid bone to different depths. The sites were evaluated, and the damage to and possible penetration of the dura were determined. The results showed that for a drill depth exceeding mastoid bone thickness by not more than 1 mm, damage to the dura was limited or nonexistent, whereas for a drill depth exceeding bone thickness by 2 mm, damage increased, or the dura was penetrated. There was a trend toward more damage and penetration for both the round burr and MIPS guide drill compared with the MONO drill bit. From this experimental ex vivo study, it can be concluded that if the dura is encountered, the MONO system is not more inclined to penetrate the dura than the conventional LITT-P and MIPS systems.
Key Concepts, Weakness and Benchmark on Hash Table Data Structures
Authors: Tapia-Fernández Santiago , García-García Daniel , García-Hernandez Pablo
Published: March 2022

Most computer programs or applications need fast data structures. The performance of a data structure is necessarily influenced by the complexity of its common operations; thus, any data-structure that exhibits a theoretical complexity of amortized constant time in several of its main operations should draw a lot of attention. Such is the case of a family of data structures that is called hash tables. However, what is the real efficiency of these hash tables? That is an interesting question with no simple answer and there are some issues to be considered. Of course, there is not a unique hash table; in fact, there are several sub-groups of hash tables, and, even more, not all programming languages use the same variety of hash tables in their default hash table implementation, neither they have the same interface. Nevertheless, all hash tables do have a common issue: they have to solve hash collisions; that is a potential weakness and it also induces a classification of hash tables according to the strategy to solve collisions. In this paper, some key concepts about hash tables are exposed and some definitions about those key concepts are reviewed and clarified, especially in order to study the characteristics of the main strategies to implement hash tables and how they deal with hash collisions. Then, some benchmark cases are designed and presented to assess the performance of hash tables. The cases have been designed to be randomized, to be self-tested, to be representative of a real user cases, and to expose and analyze the impact of different factors over the performance across different hash tables and programming languages. Then, all cases have been programmed using C++, Java and Python and analyzed in terms of interfaces and efficiency (time and memory). The benchmark yields important results about the performance of these structures and its (lack of) relationship with complexity analysis.
High-Frequency Position Servo Control of Hydraulic Actuator with Valve Dynamic Compensation
Authors: Li Jian , Lu Yong , He Fengshuo , Miao Lixian
Published: March 2022

Hydraulic actuators play an important role in various industries. In the last decades, to improve system performance, some advanced control methods have been developed. Backstepping control, which can deal with the system nonlinearities, is widely used in hydraulic system motion control. This paper focuses on the high-frequency position servo control of hydraulic systems with proportional valves. In backstepping controllers, valve dynamics are usually ignored due to difficulty of controller implementation. In this paper, valve dynamics of the proportional valve were decoupled into phase delay and amplitude delay. The valve dynamics are compensated without increasing the system order. The phase delay is compensated by desired engine valve lifts transformation. For amplitude delay, the paper proposes a compensation strategy based on the integral flow error. By introducing the feedback of the integral flow error to the backstepping controller, the system has faster dynamic responses. Besides, the controller also synthesized proportional valve dead-zone and system uncertainties. The comparative experiment results show that the controller with integral flow compensation can improve engine valve lift tracking precision both in steady and transient conditions.
Vegetation Indices Applied to Suborbital Multispectral Images of Healthy Coffee and Coffee Infested with Coffee Leaf Miner
Authors: Santos Luana Mendes dos , Ferraz Gabriel Araújo e Silva , Marin Diego Bedin , Carvalho Milene Alves de Figueiredo , Dias Jessica Ellen Lima , Alecrim Ademilson de Oliveira , Silva Mirian de Lourdes Oliveira e
Published: March 2022

The coffee leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella) is a primary pest for coffee plants. The attack of this pest reduces the photosynthetic area of the leaves due to necrosis, causing premature leaf falling, decreasing the yield and the lifespan of the plant. Therefore, this study aims to analyze vegetation indices (VI) from images of healthy coffee leaves and those infested by coffee leaf miner, obtained using a multispectral camera, mainly to differentiate and detect infested areas. The study was conducted in two distinct locations: At a farm, where the camera was coupled to a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) flying at a 3 m altitude from the soil surface; and the second location, in a greenhouse, where the images were obtained manually at a 0.5 m altitude from the support of the plant vessels, in which only healthy plants were located. For the image processing, arithmetic operations with the spectral bands were calculated using the “Raster Calculator” obtaining the indices NormNIR, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green-Red NDVI (GRNDVI), and Green NDVI (GNDVI), the values of which on average for healthy leaves were: 0.66; 0.64; 0.32, and 0.55 and for infested leaves: 0.53; 0.41; 0.06, and 0.37 respectively. The analysis concluded that healthy leaves presented higher values of VIs when compared to infested leaves. The index GRNDVI was the one that better differentiated infested leaves from the healthy ones.
Affective State Recognition in Livestock—Artificial Intelligence Approaches
Authors: Neethirajan Suresh
Published: March 2022

Farm animals, numbering over 70 billion worldwide, are increasingly managed in large-scale, intensive farms. With both public awareness and scientific evidence growing that farm animals experience suffering, as well as affective states such as fear, frustration and distress, there is an urgent need to develop efficient and accurate methods for monitoring their welfare. At present, there are not scientifically validated ‘benchmarks’ for quantifying transient emotional (affective) states in farm animals, and no established measures of good welfare, only indicators of poor welfare, such as injury, pain and fear. Conventional approaches to monitoring livestock welfare are time-consuming, interrupt farming processes and involve subjective judgments. Biometric sensor data enabled by artificial intelligence is an emerging smart solution to unobtrusively monitoring livestock, but its potential for quantifying affective states and ground-breaking solutions in their application are yet to be realized. This review provides innovative methods for collecting big data on farm animal emotions, which can be used to train artificial intelligence models to classify, quantify and predict affective states in individual pigs and cows. Extending this to the group level, social network analysis can be applied to model emotional dynamics and contagion among animals. Finally, ‘digital twins’ of animals capable of simulating and predicting their affective states and behaviour in real time are a near-term possibility.
Linear Discriminant Analysis for Investigating Differences in Upper Body Movement Symmetry in Horses before/after Diagnostic Analgesia in Relation to Expert Judgement
Authors: Pfau Thilo , Bolt David M. , Fiske-Jackson Andrew , Gerdes Carolin , Hoenecke Karl , Lynch Lucy , Perrier Melanie , Smith Roger K. W.
Published: March 2022

Diagnostic analgesia and lunging are parts of the equine lameness examination, aiding veterinarians in localizing the anatomical region(s) causing pain-related movement deficits. Expectation bias of visual assessment and complex movement asymmetry changes in lame horses on the lunge highlight the need to investigate data-driven approaches for optimally integrating quantitative gait data into veterinary decision-making to remove bias. A retrospective analysis was conducted with inertial sensor movement symmetry data before/after diagnostic analgesia relative to subjective judgement of efficacy of diagnostic analgesia in 53 horses. Horses were trotted on the straight and on the lunge. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) applied to ten movement asymmetry features quantified the accuracy of classifying negative, partial and complete responses to diagnostic analgesia and investigated the influence of movement direction and surface type on the quality of the data-driven separation between diagnostic analgesia categories. The contribution of movement asymmetry features to decision-making was also studied. Leave-one-out classification accuracy varied considerably (38.3–57.4% for forelimb and 36.1–56.1% for hindlimb diagnostic analgesia). The highest inter-category distances (best separation) were found with the blocked limb on the inside of the circle, on hard ground for forelimb diagnostic analgesia and on soft ground for hindlimb diagnostic analgesia. These exercises deserve special attention when consulting quantitative gait data in lame horses. Head and pelvic upward movement and withers minimum differences were the features with the highest weighting within the first canonical LDA function across exercises and forelimb and hindlimb diagnostic analgesia. This highlights that movement changes after diagnostic analgesia affect the whole upper body. Classification accuracies based on quantitative movement asymmetry changes indicate considerable overlap between subjective diagnostic analgesia categories.
Effects of Environmental Heat Load on Endocannabinoid System Components in Adipose Tissue of High Yielding Dairy Cows
Authors: Kra Gitit , Daddam Jayasimha Rayalu , Moallem Uzi , Kamer Hadar , Ahmad Majdoleen , Nemirovski Alina , Contreras G. Andres , Tam Joseph , Zachut Maya
Published: March 2022

Environmental heat load (HL) adversely affects the performance of dairy cows. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates metabolism and the stress response, thus we hypothesized that HL may affect the ECS of dairy cows. Our objective was to determine the levels of endocannabinoids (eCBs) and gene and protein expressions of the ECS components in adipose tissue (AT) and plasma of early postpartum (PP) and late-lactation cows. In addition, we examined eCBs in milk, and studied the interaction of eCBs with bovine cannabinoids receptors CB1 and CB2. In the first experiment, plasma and AT were sampled from cows calving during summer (S, n = 9) or winter (W, n = 9). Dry matter intake (DMI) and energy balance (EB) were lower in S vs. W, and relative gene expressions of transient-receptor-potential-cation-channel-subfamily-V-member-1 (TRPV1), the cannabinoid receptors CNR1 (CB1) and CNR2 (CB2), and monoglyceride lipase (MGLL) were decreased in AT of S compared to W. Protein abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) was decreased, while tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was increased in AT of S vs. W. Other components of the ECS were not different between S and W calving cows. To study whether the degree of HL may affect the ECS, we performed a second experiment with 24 late-lactation cows that were either cooled (CL) or not cooled (heat-stressed; HS) during summer. DMI was lower in HS vs. CL, AT protein abundance of PPAR-α was lower, and TRPV1 tended to be lower in HS vs. CL, but other components of the ECS were not different between groups. Milk levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) tended to increase in HS vs. CL. Additionally, modeling of the bovine cannabinoid receptors demonstrated their binding to anandamide and 2-AG. Environmental HL, possibly via lower intake, is associated with limited alterations in ECS components in AT of dairy cows.
Effects of Capsicum Oleoresin Supplementation on Lactation Performance, Plasma Metabolites, and Nutrient Digestibility of Heat Stressed Dairy Cow
Authors: An Zhigao , Zhang Xinxin , Gao Shanshan , Zhou Di , Riaz Umair , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Hua Guohua , Yang Liguo
Published: March 2022

The present study investigates the effect of Capsicum oleoresin (CAP) supplementation on the dry matter intake, milk performance, plasma metabolites, and nutrient digestibility of dairy cows during the summer. Thirty-two lactating Holstein dairy cows (n = 32) were randomly divided into four groups. The CAP was dissolved in water and added to the total mixed ration with graded levels of CAP (0, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg of dry matter). The trial period consisted of seven days for adaptation and thirty days for sampling. Data were analyzed using the MIXED and GLM procedure SAS. The linear and quadratic effects were tested. The milk yield, milk fat, and milk urea nitrogen increased linearly with the dietary addition of CAP (p < 0.05). The dry matter intake increased linearly in the 20CAP group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the 4% fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk, milk fat yield, and milk fat to milk protein ratio increased quadratically (p < 0.05), while the rectal temperature decreased quadratically (p < 0.05). Serum total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids increased linearly (p < 0.05); glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate tended to increase quadratically with the dietary addition of CAP (p = 0.05). Meanwhile, CAP supplementation did not affect the milk protein yield, blood concentration of triglyceride, insulin, lipopolysaccharide, immunoglobulin G, or heat shock protein 70 expression level (p > 0.05). In addition, nutrient digestibility was comparable among groups (p > 0.05). These findings indicated that CAP supplementation could enhance the lactation performance of dairy cows during the summer.
Short and Concise Peer-to-Peer Teaching—Example of a Successful Antibiotic Stewardship Intervention to Increase Iv to Po Conversion
Authors: Wild Johannes , Siegrist Bettina , Hobohm Lukas , Münzel Thomas , Schwanz Thomas , Sagoschen Ingo
Published: March 2022

Antibiotic stewardship (ABS) programs aim to combine effective treatment with minimized antibiotic-related harms. Common ABS interventions are simple and effective, but their implementation in daily practice is often difficult. The aim of our study was to investigate if a single, short, peer-to-peer teaching intervention (junior doctor to junior doctor) during clinical routine can successfully improve antibiotic prescriptions. We performed a quasi-experimental before–after study on a regular care cardiology ward at a large academic medical center in Germany. We evaluated antibiotic use metrics retrospectively and calculated defined daily doses (DDD) with the anatomical therapeutic chemical/DDD classification system of the World Health Organization. We hypothesize that the over-representative use of intravenous administration is a potentially modifiable target, which can be proven by antibiotic use metrics analysis. After a single peer-to-peer teaching session with a focus on indications for iv to po conversion, the normalized percentage of intravenous compared to oral administration significantly decreased (from 86.5 ± 50.3% to 41.4 ± 70.3%). Moreover, after the intervention, antibiotics with high oral bioavailability were no longer administered intravenously at all during the following quarter. Our results indicate that even a single peer-to-peer training session is highly effective in improving the iv to po conversion rate in the short term.
Incidence of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains among Patients with Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Selim Samy , Faried Osama Ahmed , Almuhayawi Mohammed S. , Saleh Fayez M. , Sharaf Mohamed , El Nahhas Nihal , Warrad Mona
Published: March 2022

There has been a substantial rise in the number of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strains during the last several years. The proportion of vancomycin-resistant strains among isolated S. aureus has risen steadily in recent years, with the first spike occurring in critical care units and thereafter in general hospital wards. S. aureus isolates from urinary tract infection patients were studied for their prevalence and antibiotic resistance. From 292 urine samples, 103 bacterial strains (35.3%) were identified as S. aureus. Various antibiotics were used to test the isolates’ antibacterial resistance profiles. Antibiotic resistance to erythromycin was found in most bacterial isolates, whereas tobramycin antibiotic sensitivity was found in most of them. Vancomycin resistance was found in 23 of all S. aureus isolates in this study. Analysis for β-lactamase found that 71% of S. aureus isolates were positive in all isolates. There was a single plasmid with a molecular weight of 39.306 Kbp in five selected VRSA isolates that was subjected to plasmid analysis. There was evidence of vancomycin resistance among the S. aureus isolates collected from UTI patients in this investigation. This vancomycin resistance pretenses a challenge in the treatment of S. aureus infections and the need to precisely recognize persons who require last-resort medication such as tobramycin.
Persistent Bacterial Infections, Antibiotic Treatment Failure, and Microbial Adaptive Evolution
Authors: La Rosa Ruggero , Johansen Helle Krogh , Molin Søren
Published: March 2022

Antibiotic resistance is expected by the WHO to be the biggest threat to human health before 2050. In this overview, we argue that this prediction may in fact be too optimistic because it is often overlooked that many bacterial infections frequently ‘go under the radar’ because they are difficult to diagnose and characterize. Due to our lifestyle, persistent infections caused by opportunistic bacteria—well-known or emerging—show increasing success of infecting patients with reduced defense capacity, and often antibiotics fail to be sufficiently effective, even if the bacteria are susceptible, leaving small bacterial populations unaffected by treatment in the patient. The mechanisms behind infection persistence are multiple, and therefore very difficult to diagnose in the laboratory and to treat. In contrast to antibiotic resistance associated with acute infections caused by traditional bacterial pathogens, genetic markers associated with many persistent infections are imprecise and mostly without diagnostic value. In the absence of effective eradication strategies, there is a significant risk that persistent infections may eventually become highly resistant to antibiotic treatment due to the accumulation of genomic mutations, which will transform colonization into persistence.
Antimicrobial Evaluation of Various Honey Types against Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates
Authors: Stavropoulou Elisavet , Voidarou Chrysoula (Chrysa) , Rozos Georgios , Vaou Natalia , Bardanis Michael , Konstantinidis Theodoros , Vrioni Georgia , Tsakris Athanasios
Published: March 2022

The development of antibiotic resistance is a major public health issue, as infections are increasingly unresponsive to antibiotics. Emerging antimicrobial resistance has raised researchers’ interest in the development of alternative strategies using natural compounds with antibacterial activity, like honey, which has emerged as an agent to treat several infections and wound injuries. Nevertheless, the antibacterial effect of honey was mostly evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria. Hence, the objective of our study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity, as well as the physicochemical parameters, of genuine Greek honeys against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. In this vein, we aimed to study the in vitro antibacterial potential of rare Greek honeys against Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM)- or Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, hydrogen peroxide, free acidity, lactonic acid, total phenols total flavonoids, free radical scavenging activities, tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity and kojic acid were examined. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of 10 different honey types was evaluated in five consecutive dilutions (75%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% and 6.25%) against the clinical isolates by the well diffusion method, as well as by the determination of the minimum inhibition concentration after the addition of catalase and protease. Almost all the physicochemical parameters varied significantly among the different honeys. Fir and manuka honey showed the highest values in pH and H2O2, while the free acidity and lactonic acid levels were higher in chestnut honey. Total phenols, total flavonoids and free radical scavenging activities were found higher in cotton, arbutus and manuka honey, and finally, manuka and oregano honeys showed higher tyrosinase inhibition activity and kojic acid levels. The antimicrobial susceptibility depended on the type of honey, on its dilution, on the treatment methodology and on the microorganism. Arbutus honey was the most potent against VIM-producing Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens in 75% concentration, while fir honey was more lethal for the same microorganism in the 25% concentration. Many honeys outperformed manuka honey in their antibacterial potency. It is of interest that, for any given concentration in the well diffusion method and for any given type of honey, significant differences were not detected among the four multidrug-resistant pathogens, which explains that the damaging effect to the bacterial cells was the same regardless of the bacterial species or strain. Although the antimicrobial potency of different honey varieties dependents on their geographical origin and on their compositional differences, the exact underlying mechanism remains yet unclear.