bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Municipal household solid waste collection strategies in an African megacity: Analysis of public private partnership performance in Lagos
Authors: Aliu Ibrahim Rotimi , Adeyemi Oluwagbemiga Ezekiel , Adebayo Adeolu
Published: September 2014

Managing municipal solid waste is a pervasive urban problem globally. While several strategies have been applied for efficient municipal solid waste management in developing economies, their performance level has not been critically investigated. Among these strategies, the public private partnership has widest appeal. This study examines the performance of public private partnership in household solid waste collection in Lagos, Nigeria. We collected primary data using a municipal solid waste survey in three residential density areas of Lagos megacity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Two indexes of service performance, namely the service reliability index and operational quality index, were created to produce evidence on public private partnership performance in municipal solid waste collection in Lagos. Results show that the average amount of household solid waste generation per week ranges between 22.75 kg in the medium residential density area and 30.39 kg in the high residential density region of the city. The estimated per capita waste generated in Lagos Megacity is 0.95 kg day−1. Regression models indicate that the public private partnership performance is significantly influenced by economic status, affordability, flexibility, consistency, cleanliness, coverage and accessibility, as well as number of waste collection vehicles, vehicle maintenance, capacity, trip rate, frequency, number of personnel and quality of personnel. Findings from this study reveal that Lagos residents have strong positive perception of public private partnership as a waste collection policy framework. The study has important policy and practical implications for urban waste management, public health and sustainability in developing economies.
Educating Pediatric Residents about Breastfeeding
Authors: Tender Jennifer A.F. , Cuzzi Sandra , Kind Terry , Simmens Samuel J. , Blatt Benjamin , Greenberg Larrie
Published: September 2014

Background:

Previously reported breastfeeding curricula for residents have combined different teaching methods, have focused on knowledge and attitudes, and have been time-intensive.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate 3 time-efficient breastfeeding curricula for effectiveness in regard to pediatric residents’ knowledge, confidence, and skills in managing a simulated breastfeeding scenario.

Methods:

First-year pediatric residents during their 4-week community hospital newborn nursery rotation were consecutively assigned to 1 of 3 groups. Group 1 shadowed an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) for 1 hour; group 2 watched a 25-minute case-based breastfeeding DVD; and group 3 observed a 3-hour prenatal parent breastfeeding class (CLS). Residents were assessed by (1) a pretest and posttest evaluating their breastfeeding knowledge and confidence, and (2) a clinical skills scenario managing a breastfeeding standardized patient (SP).

Results:

Thirty-nine pediatric residents participated in the study (11 in IBCLC, 16 DVD, 12 CLS) over a 1-year period. All groups significantly improved their knowledge scores and confidence in managing breastfeeding problems, with the IBCLC group showing more improvement in knowledge than the other groups ( P = .02) and a higher rating of their teaching method ( P = .01). All groups performed well on the SP clinical skills scenario, with no significant difference between groups.

Conclusion:

All 3 teaching methods were time-efficient and produced important gains in knowledge and confidence, with residents in the IBCLC group demonstrating greatest improvement in knowledge and a higher rating of their teaching method. Our study provides support for 3 methods of teaching residents breastfeeding management and demonstrates that IBCLCs are well-received as interprofessional educators.
Exploring Reactions to Hacktivism Among STEM College Students: A Preliminary Model of Hacktivism Support and Resistance
Authors: PytlikZillig Lisa M. , Wang Shiyuan , Soh Leen-Kiat , Tomkins Alan J. , Samal Ashok , Bernadt Tonya K. , Hayes Michael J.
Published: September 2014

This study investigated the predictors of support for and resistance to hacktivism in a sample of 78 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics majors at a Midwestern university. Results from surveys about real-world instances of hacktivism indicate different preexisting global attitudes predict specific situational hacktivism support (predicted by admiration) versus resistance (predicted by willingness to report). Also, participants gave greater weight to their perceptions of hacktivist (rather than target) trustworthiness/untrustworthiness. Comparisons among different facets of trustworthiness suggest perceptions of shared values with and integrity of the hacktivists are especially important for predicting support and resistance. Participants also were more supportive of hacktivism rated as having higher utilitarian value but not less supportive of hacktivism initiated for retribution. Mediation analyses indicated that situation perceptions significantly mediated the effects of global attitudes on hacktivism support/resistance, but that the significance of specific mediators was inconsistent across analyses. This suggests that the importance of mediators may depend on specific context.
Membership in Nonprofit Sport Clubs
Authors: Weimar Daniel , Wicker Pamela , Prinz Joachim
Published: September 2014

Investments in elite sport and sport events are often justified by governments with the trickle-down effect. Theoretically, this effect implies that people are inspired by sporting success, the personality of athletes, and hosting elite sport events to practice sport. However, previous research had difficulties in measuring, modeling, and providing evidence of this effect. The purpose of this study is to examine such external drivers of membership numbers in German sport clubs. This study uses unique data on male memberships from 1970 to 2011 in 12 Olympic sports. Under the control of economic variables (income, work time, gross domestic product [GDP]), the results of dynamic panel regression models show a significant positive effect of hosting a major sport event on the growth rate in memberships in the same year and several lagged effects for stars and sporting success. The results have implications for policy makers and the capacity management of nonprofit sport clubs.
New trajectory shaping guidance laws for anti-tank guided missile
Authors: Ryu Moo-Yong , Lee Chang-Hun , Tahk Min-Jea
Published: September 2014

In this paper, the new guidance laws for anti-tank guided missile(ATGM) are proposed using weighted optimal control. The weighting function is devised in consideration of general ATGM trajectory demanding the altitude hold mode, and various ATGM trajectories can be generated by adjusting design parameters. The proposed guidance law is applicable to the whole engagement course of an ATGM without reconfiguration of guidance laws, thereby a sudden change of guidance command does not happen and the ATGM system is able to effectively intercept the target. From the results of the simulations, we investigate characteristics of the proposed guidance law and confirm the performances in comparison with the conventional method.
Elastoplastic buckling analysis of rectangular thick plates by incremental and deformation theories of plasticity
Authors: Maarefdoust M , Kadkhodayan M
Published: September 2014

In this study, the elastoplastic buckling behavior of thick plates under uniaxial, biaxial compression/tension, pure shear and combined shear, and uniaxial compression loading are analyzed using a stability analysis based on generalized differential quadrature method. Based on first-order shear deformation plate theory and incremental and deformation theories of plasticity, the nonlinear equilibrium equations are developed. Various combinations of clamped, simply supported, and free boundary conditions are considered. The governing equations and solution domain are discretized by the generalized differential quadrature method. The results are compared with known solutions in literature to verify the established methodology and procedures. The effects of aspect, loading and thickness ratios, shear correction factor, different boundary conditions, and behavior of material on the buckling coefficient are discussed. Finally, some mode shapes of various loading and boundary conditions are illustrated.
Dynamic test experiment system of single degree of freedom of Φ3.2 m wind tunnel
Authors: Zhang Jun , Tang Yi-Ke , Sun Hai-Sheng , Liu Zhi-Tao
Published: September 2014

Post-stall maneuverability is a key technical indicator for modern fighter. It requires a fighter to maintain excellent dynamic behaviors at a high angle of attack. The dynamic stability derivative is a design input off light control system and one of its important sources is the wind tunnel test. In order to meet stricter quality requirements of test data, China Aerodynamics Research & Development Center (CARDC) has set up a forced oscillation dynamic test system based on single degree of freedom in the open test section of Φ3.2 m wind tunnel. Based on the electronic cam, in this system, the servo motor-decelerator directly drives the supporting rod. The system simplifies the structure of device, reduces the number of moving parts as well as the mechanical clearance. Features of the system include: (1) a large variation range of frequencies and amplitudes, a higher control precision and step-less regulation; (2) independent variation of angle of attack and sideslip angle so that the combination of angle of attack and sideslip angle can be more convenient with higher test efficiency; (3) a small wind tunnel wall interference and support interference. Same set of devices can enable small amplitude dynamic derivatives test, large amplitude oscillatory test, and static force measurement, all of which contribute to a consistent measurement basis. With this test system, we developed a simplified fighter model dynamic test, obtaining dynamic derivatives and unsteady aerodynamic loads. Results of our tests verified the rationality and reliability of data as well as a high precision of repeatability.
Experimental investigation of single expansion ramp performance
Authors: Kumar Amit , Rathakrishnan Ethirajan
Published: September 2014

The performance, in terms of thrust augmentation, of a single expansion ramp nozzle (SERN), attached at the exit of a half-covergent-divergent (C-D) nozzle, was investigated experimentally. The nozzle exit Mach number tested was 1.7. The ramp exit was designed for a theoretical Mach number 3.5, based on inviscid theory. Pressure measurements all along the centerline of the ramp plate, with and without side fence, were carried out for half-nozzle operating pressure ratios of 3 to 8. In addition to the pressure measurement, the flow over the ramp plate was visualized with shadowgraph and surface coating. Results show that the thrust augmentation obtained is much lower than the inviscid theoretical prediction. This is because of the flow separation over the ramp and the associated curved shock formed downstream of separation bubble.
A novel network calibration method for inertial measurement units
Authors: Xu Yun , Zhu Xinhua , Su Yan
Published: September 2014

To enhance the navigation precision of strapdown inertial navigation system, it is necessary to carry out a high accuracy calibration for the inertial measurement unit (IMU). In this paper, a novel network calibration method is proposed to satisfy the calibration for a number of IMUs, which is depending on multiple maneuvers of the test platform where IMUs are installed. With the specific maneuvers of the test platform, the uncalibrated parameters of gyros and accelerometers models can be excited. In order to obtain the optimal estimation of these parameters, the dual-loop filter algorithm based on Kalman filter is presented for the information fusion by tracking the velocity and position errors from the IMUs nearby. The simulation result shows that the parameters of gyros and accelerometers models can be well estimated in a short time. Comparing with the existing calibration methods, the proposed method has the following advantages: (1) it does not require special equipment such as a turntable to provide the angular rate and multi-position tests, (2) it is time efficient when compared with other time consuming methods, (3) it can calibrate a lot of IMUs simultaneously, but not one by one. Thus with the above advantages, the proposed calibration method will have a wide application prospect for the in-field calibration.
SoC-based solution for multi-axis control systems using high-level synthesis
Authors: Gu Qiang , Li Yesong , Niu Panqing
Published: September 2014

Recent advances in multi-axis control systems highly rely on new control algorithms and system architectures. The system-on-chip technology is able to realize the novel multi-axis control systems efficiently. But the system-on-chip design and implementation are still challenging and time-consuming for most control system practitioners. This article presents a system-on-chip-based solution for multi-axis control systems. With the high-level synthesis technology, the proposed system can be used as a rapid prototyping for multi-axis control or a test platform for modern control algorithms. A study case of the proposed solution is given to prove its feasibility. The advantage of this implementation is efficient system integration with rich functionality due to the high flexibility of system-on-chip. In order to verify the proposed solution of using system-on-chip to implement modern control algorithms, a mixed H2/ H∞ state-feedback robust controller via linear matrix inequalities is designed for multi-axis synchronization. Experimental results are shown to prove the efficiency of the proposed system-on-chip-based solution.
Determinants of Young Consumers’ Intention to Use Internet Banking Services in India
Authors: Bashir Irfan , Madhavaiah C.
Published: September 2014

This article investigates the determinants of young consumers’ intention to use Internet banking services in India. The current research developed a theoretical model grounded on technology acceptance model (TAM) by incorporating additional variable such as trust, perceived risk, social influence and self-efficacy. The study collected a total of 155 usable responses through convenience sampling from university students aged between 18 and 36 years. Correlation and multiple regression analysis was employed to determine the underlying relationship between dependent variable (behavioural intention) and independent variables. The results revealed that perceived usefulness (PU), ease of use, trust, self-efficacy and social influence have significant positive influence on young consumers’ intention to use Internet banking, whereas perceived risk exerted significant negative effect. Among all these factors, perceived risk has major significant effect on intention, followed by PU, perceived ease of use and trust. Hence, bank practitioners should focus on increasing usefulness of Internet banking system and devise trust building strategies that would reduce consumers’ perceived risk and attract them to use Internet banking.
Understanding the Impact of Organizational Justice on Organizational Commitment and Projected Job Stay among Employees of the Business Process Outsourcing Sector in India
Authors: Nakra Rashmi
Published: September 2014

This study examines the role of organizational justice in enhancing the organizational commitment and projected tenure of frontline employees of the business process outsourcing (BPO) sector. The results based on data from a self-report questionnaire survey carried out among 347 entry-level associates from various BPO organizations in Bangalore suggest that perceptions of higher levels of organizational justice can make substantial positive impact on the organizational commitment and projected tenure of employees. The findings also highlight the significant role played by each of the three dimensions of justice. Practical implications of the study are discussed along with the limitations and suggestions for future research.
Linking Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility and Intention to Quit: The Mediating Role of Job Embeddedness
Authors: Ghosh Debjani , Gurunathan L.
Published: September 2014

Systematic research regarding the effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on organizational stakeholder groups, like employees, remains sparse. This article examines employees’ reaction to CSR programmes at the attitudinal level and provides evidence that developing CSR to society and CSR to customer can be effective ways for companies to lower employees’ intention to quit the organization. This quantitative study was conducted with 501 managers in 19 financial service organizations in India and the results indicate that on-the-job embeddedness (on-the-JE) is negatively related to turnover intentions and mediates the relationship between CSR and employees’ intention to quit.
An Analytical Approach of Cluster Analysis towards Various Manifestations of Organizational Conflict in Public and Private Sector Commercial Banks
Authors: Nischal Shivani , Bhalla G.S.
Published: September 2014

Conflict exists throughout environments of all kinds. So every employee wants a healthy and competitive working environment in their organization. The main objective of this research article is to explore the factors concerning destructive or dysfunctional impacts of conflict in public and private sector banking organizations selected under study. After the extraction of factors concerning dysfunctional impacts, hierarchical cluster analysis has been employed to classify various observations or cases in clusters resulted into two-cluster solution and k-means cluster analysis has been further applied to find out the cluster membership according to various observations towards manifestations or impacts of organizational conflict in the selected banks under study. The sample includes 541 bank employees from 20 commercial banks situated in Amritsar, Jalandhar and Ludhiana cities of Punjab. Eight major factors have been extracted with the help of exploratory factor analysis, namely, ( a) declining performance, profits and management creditability, ( b) health and psychological problems, ( c) detrimental impact upon working environment and organization, ( d) declining cooperation, collaboration and efficiency among employees, ( e) disappointments and widened gap of misunderstanding, ( f) declining trust, morale and motivating power, ( g) interruptions in organizational operations and ( h) job dissatisfaction and resultant frustration. Further, analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant results towards various clusters so formed with the help of the multivariate technique of cluster analysis.
Issues of Concern and Mitigating Strategies: A Study on ITES Firms
Authors: Agrawal Soni
Published: September 2014

Globalization and economic liberalization have facilitated outsourcing of services beyond national boundaries. The development and proliferation of information technology and related infrastructure have aided the phenomenon. Hence, these services are categorized as information technology-enabled services (ITES). The continuous rise in the demand and supply of these services can very well be understood from the gains both service receiver and service provider firms are getting. Although the advantages are many, there are some issues of concern too. This study is an attempt to derive the issues and challenges faced by ITES firms in India as well as the mitigating strategies exercised by these firms.
Film History Through Fragments: The Aurora Archive and the Transnational Travels of Early Indian Cinema
Authors: Chatterjee Ranita
Published: September 2014

Transnational circulation of Indian cinema has received considerable academic and media attention over the last decade, mostly focused on the 1950s and after. Historical studies of the global influence of Bombay cinema are, however, still at a nascent stage: to date little material evidence has emerged of the range and extent of this spread in earlier decades. This article examines studio documents found in the offices of Aurora Film Corporation, India’s only surviving film studio from the silent era, to explore transnational flows of Indian cinema from the 1930s. The documents bring to light details of distribution practices and networks of circulation through which early Indian cinema traveled outside the subcontinent. Conducted outside the official archive, this study excavates material hitherto considered marginal to construct a history through fragments—an untold story that complicates received film history in India. It suggests that transnational flows of early Indian cinema did not necessarily originate in Bombay and may have been far more widespread than has been previously understood. The article thereby argues for the need to move beyond Bombay-centric studies of Indian cinema, as well as the national–regional paradigm, by considering the early history of Calcutta cinema not just as a history of Bengali cinema, but rather as a networked cultural practice that intersected in port cities across the Indian Ocean.
At Home in the Empire: Reading Colonial Home Movies—The Hyde Collection (1928–1937)
Authors: Hariharan Veena
Published: September 2014

How do available critical frameworks for the study of home movies and amateur film travel to the colonies? This article explores alternative paradigms by which to study the colonial archive, taking as a case study the colonial home movies and amateur films of Colonel Edgar S. Hyde, who served in British India between 1928 and 1947 and was Administrator of the Bastar State (inhabited by a large population of aboriginal Gond Tribes) between 1934 and 1940. The article begins by re-examining the politics of the home movie, and the colonial archive in particular, in terms of the “failed promise” of amateur cinema, despite its potential as a space of opposition and resistance. The author’s analysis of the Hyde films, and the heterogeneous visual modes that coexist promiscuously in the footage, traces the primarily ethnographic mode of the films to the figure of Hyde as an “anthropologically-minded administrator” and to the network of influences on his work and life. The article argues that the films’ ethnographic realism framed by the gaze of Hyde’s amateur camera conceals rather than reveals the visual hierarchies of empire.
Adapters, Strugglers, and Case Managers
Authors: Davis Linda Lindsey , Chestnutt Deborah , Molloy Margory , Deshefy-Longhi Tess , Shim Bomin , Gilliss Catherine L.
Published: September 2014

Although family home care problems are frequently described in the health care literature, the ways in which families and other informal caregivers manage those problems are not often addressed. We conducted a descriptive analysis of interviews in which spouses caring for a partner with Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease were asked to describe difficult home care problems and how they managed those problems. Analysis of these interviews indicated three recurring management styles. Adapters told stories about applying pre-existing skills to manage home care problems. Strugglers told stories of reoccurring home care problems for which they had few or no management strategies. Case managers’ interview stories focused on the challenges of finding and coordinating home care services. These findings suggest that caregiving burden might be influenced more by the caregiver’s management style than the demands of the care situation. Suggestions for tailoring support programs for the three types of caregivers are proposed.
Timing of Translation in Cross-Language Qualitative Research
Authors: Santos Hudson P. O. , Black Amanda M. , Sandelowski Margarete
Published: September 2014

Although there is increased understanding of language barriers in cross-language studies, the point at which language transformation processes are applied in research is inconsistently reported, or treated as a minor issue. Differences in translation timeframes raise methodological issues related to the material to be translated, as well as for the process of data analysis and interpretation. In this article we address methodological issues related to the timing of translation from Portuguese to English in two international cross-language collaborative research studies involving researchers from Brazil, Canada, and the United States. One study entailed late-phase translation of a research report, whereas the other study involved early phase translation of interview data. The timing of translation in interaction with the object of translation should be considered, in addition to the language, cultural, subject matter, and methodological competencies of research team members.
Laughing for Acceptance
Authors: Ricks Lacey , Hancock Elizabeth , Goodrich Tonia , Evans Amanda
Published: September 2014

This article describes an intervention on how to use humor in counseling while working with family members who are demonstrating resistance in a counseling setting. Laughing for Acceptance, an intervention developed by the authors, is introduced as a therapeutic intervention for clinicians who work with families who are experiencing resistance or significant family strife. Specific techniques are explained, and a case study is provided.
The Use of Child Parent Relationship Therapy and Common Parent Concerns
Authors: Boswell Jennifer N.
Published: September 2014

Play therapy and filial therapy methods have been shown to be effective for a variety of childhood issues. Filial therapy, especially child parent relationship therapy (CPRT), is also effective in reducing parental stress and improving the relationship between parent and child. Parents play an important role in a child’s well-being at home and are a vital part of a child’s involvement in counseling. In this review, we sought to identify best practices when working with parents during the CPRT process. In this article, we illustrate obstacles some parents may have to ongoing participation in treatment and solutions counselors might use to overcome these obstacles. Although these best practices are helpful for counselors using CPRT, we believe they are also helpful for counselors working with parents in many different settings.
Counseling Families With Emerging Adult Transracial and International Adoptees
Authors: Alvarado Susan Branco , Rho Joy Lieberthal , Lambert Simone F.
Published: September 2014

Family counseling interventions treating families with transracial internationally emerging adults can offer opportunities to repair unmet adoption-related developmental tasks residual from earlier stages of development. Developmental issues unique to adoptees during this frequently overlooked stage are explored. Assessments and family counseling treatment interventions are suggested. Case conceptualizations are provided to highlight the additional challenges of racial identity development, independence, intimate relationships, and search and reunion, as they relate to the adoptive family life span issues.
Comparison of Rates of Union and Hardware Removal Between Large and Small Cannulated Screws for Calcaneal Osteotomy
Authors: Sayres Stephanie C. , Gu Yang , Kiernan Samuel , DeSandis Bridget Ann , Elliott Andrew J. , O’Malley Martin J.
Published: September 2014

Background:

The calcaneal osteotomy is a common procedure to correct hindfoot malalignment. Reported union rates are high, utilizing fixation methods including staples, plates, and most commonly cannulated screws. We began our practice using 6.5 mm and 7.3 mm cannulated screws, but complaints of postoperative posterior heel pain led to hardware removal in many patients. A switch to smaller 4.5 mm cannulated screws resulted in fewer symptoms, thus we hypothesized that using a smaller screw would decrease screw removal while maintaining an equally high union rate.

Methods:

The records of patients who underwent a calcaneal osteotomy by 2 surgeons between January 1996 and April 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. The rates of hardware removal and union were compared between osteotomies held with two 7.3 mm, 6.5 mm, and 4.5 mm cannulated screws.

Results:

There were 272 feet that met the inclusion criteria. The hardware removal rate for 130 osteotomies held with two 7.3 mm screws was 29.2% and the removal rate for 115 osteotomies held with 4.5 mm screws was 13.0%, which was significantly different ( P < .05). The removal rate for 27 osteotomies with 6.5 mm screws was 33.3%. The union rate for all groups was 100%.

Conclusion:

Fixation of calcaneal osteotomies with two 4.5 mm screws is advantageous over larger screws with respect to future hardware removal. There was no loss of position from the smaller screws and we feel that the 4.5mm cannulated screw provides sufficient compression and achieves a high rate of union equal to that of the larger screws.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Child Maltreatment and Deliberate Self-Harm
Authors: Arens Ashley M. , Gaher Raluca M. , Simons Jeffrey S. , Dvorak Robert D.
Published: September 2014

Emerging adults demonstrate the highest rates of deliberate self-harm (DSH) and thus represent a population in need of further study. While child maltreatment (CM) history is a risk factor for DSH, the mechanisms behind this relationship are not fully understood. This study tested a model of mechanisms linking CM with DSH (likelihood of engaging in the behavior and frequency among those who self-harm) via negative urgency (tendency to engage in impulsive behaviors under conditions of negative affect), distress tolerance, sense of control, and desire for control in a sample of college students. As hypothesized, CM had a strong positive direct association with both the likelihood and frequency of DSH. CM was positively associated with negative urgency and inversely associated with distress tolerance and sense of control. Negative urgency was positively associated with DSH likelihood and frequency. Distress tolerance was not directly associated with DSH but was indirectly associated with DSH likelihood and frequency via negative urgency. Sense of control was not associated with the likelihood of engaging in DSH; however, among those who endorsed a history of DSH, sense of control was positively associated with DSH frequency. Desire for control was not associated with either CM or DSH.
Clinical and Functional Outcomes in Young Adult Males With ADHD
Authors: Ng Jared Wei Lik , Kwan Rui , Cheok Christopher Cheng Soon
Published: September 2014

Objective: To investigate clinical and functional outcomes in military men with ADHD. Method: Clinical outcomes were measured via the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zung SDS) and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (Zung SAS). Functional outcomes were measured using the “Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble” (CRAFFT) questionnaire and questionnaires about relationships, conduct problems, substance use, and sleep. Results: Men with ADHD ( n = 52) reported more depressive (34 [67.3%] vs. 19 [38%], p = .008) and anxiety symptoms (31 [61.5%] vs. 14 [28%], p = .009) compared with those without ( n = 50). They had relationships lasting less than 1 year (24 [80%] vs. 9 [37.5%], p = .006), were more likely to smoke (17 [32.7%] vs. 5 [10%], p = .005), were most likely to use illicit substances (6 [11.5%] vs. 0 [0%], p < .001), had more conduct problems at school (27 [51.9%] vs. 5 [10%], p < .001), and had longer sleep latency (53.96 min ± 46.48 vs. 25.78 min ± 25.93, p = .006). Conclusion: Military men with ADHD are significantly associated with worse clinical and functional outcomes. They should be screened and monitored for depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and substance use.
Improved parallel performance of the CICE model in CESM1
Authors: Craig Anthony P , Mickelson Sheri A , Hunke Elizabeth C , Bailey David A
Published: September 2014

The Los Alamos sea ice model, CICE, is a sophisticated finite difference grid point model. It has been a part of the National Science Foundation and Department of Energy community climate models (Community Climate System Model (CCSM) and Community Earth System Model (CESM)) for over a decade. It includes various physical and dynamical processes and is parallelized to run on large-scale computer systems. The CICE model was assessed in the CESM at different resolutions and target processor counts to better understand and optimize the performance. Several new decompositions and a new feature to reduce the halo cost were added to the model. The new decompositions better leverage land block elimination and take advantage of scaling opportunities in different computational kernels. As a result of these new features, the CICE model performance has been improved by up to 45% and has more flexibility to be run efficiently at arbitrary Message Passing Interface (MPI) task counts.
Improving thermal performance of mechanical seals via surface texturing
Authors: Xiao Nian , Khonsari MM
Published: September 2014

The effectiveness of using textured surfaces on the mechanical face seal mating ring to enhance thermal performance of seal rings was experimentally demonstrated in a recent paper. 1 Further experiments show that the dimples engraved on the primary ring outer surface can also reduce the rings’ contact face temperature. Interestingly, however, when both rings are treated, the seal sets just show slightly better temperature reduction than a single textured ring. An appropriate heat transfer augmentation coefficient is defined and used to estimate the surface heat transfer coefficient of textured mating ring. The surface heat transfer coefficient of textured primary ring is also estimated. To understand the nature of heat transfer of surface texture, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was carried out using ANSYS Fluent. The turbulent Reynolds stress model was adopted in the analysis with liquid hydrocarbon as the working fluid. The flow structure within a dimple, which demonstrates the working mechanism of dimples’ heat transfer augmentation, is numerically displayed. The thermal performance of dimpled surfaces is evaluated based on the dimples depth-to-diameter ratio, size, arrangement, and shape of dimples. The comparison of Nusselt numbers distribution of dimpled surface and conventional surface is also presented.
Texture-induced cavitation bubbles and friction reduction in the Elrod–Adams model
Authors: Checo Hugo M , Jaramillo Alfredo , Jai Mohammed , Buscaglia Gustavo C
Published: September 2014

A thrust bearing consisting of an infinitely wide pad, subject to a constant load and sliding at constant speed on a runner with transverse sinusoidal textures is considered. The analysis method consists of time- and mesh-resolved simulations with a finite volume approximation of the Elrod–Adams model. Friction and clearance contours as functions of the texture depth and wavelength are built by performing more than 10,000 simulations. Conclusions are drawn for bearings of low, moderate and high conformity, unveiling basic mechanisms of friction reduction and global quantitative trends that are useful for texture selection.
Parents’ perception of their influence on their child’s physical activity
Authors: VanDerworp Gwendolyn Kay , Ryan Sarah-Jane
Published: September 2014

Childhood physical activity (PA) has declined in the western world recently. To combat child inactivity, government programs have been organized to promote PA within families. It is important for physiotherapists to understand the influence parents perceive to have on their child’s PA habits in order to better encourage a positive parental influence. The purpose of this study is to explore how parents perceive their influence on their child/children’s PA through an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach with semi-structured interviews conducted with five participants. The interviews were analyzed using elements of IPA. Master themes developed with their corresponding subthemes: creating an environment of opportunity—logistics, opportunities through encouragement and PA within the family, barriers to PA—barriers created by parents and barriers created by external factors, and parent and child interactions—children communicating interest and disinterest in PA and parent’s attitudes toward children’s disinterest. The findings suggest that parents perceive themselves to have a greater positive influence on their children rather than negative. The barriers that parents create are not perceived to prevent their child’s PA but rather restrict it. Many participants reported enjoying doing PA with their children and used PA as an opportunity for family time, indicating a dual purpose for PA.
Piloting A Family-Supported Approach to Concurrently Optimize Mental Health and Sport Performance in Athletes
Authors: Donohue Brad , Chow Graig M. , Pitts Michelle , Loughran Travis , Schubert Kimberly N. , Gavrilova Yulia , Allen Daniel N.
Published: September 2014

Participation in sports offers exceptional pro-social opportunities. However, sport participation also contributes to uniquely experienced stressors that may interfere with athletes’ achievement in sports and mental health. In this study, we describe the initial process of empirically developing The Optimum Performance Program in Sports (TOPPS). We first review the need to adapt evidence-based behavioral interventions to optimize mental health in athletes. We then review the innovative features of TOPPS and report the results of our initial piloting of TOPPS in a series of case trials. Throughout this developmental process, we underscore our methods of addressing obstacles (e.g., stigma) that appear to have influenced the conspicuous absence of performance programming specific to mental health optimization in athletes. Recommendations are offered in light of the results.
A Systematic Case Examination of The Optimum Performance Program in Sports in a Combat Sport Athlete
Authors: Pitts Michelle , Donohue Brad , Schubert Kimberly N. , Chow Graig M. , Loughran Travis , Gavrilova Yulia
Published: September 2014

The integration of athletics into higher education enriches the experience of student-athletes, and the advantages are both immediate and lifelong. However, it is well-documented that athletes experience unique stressors, and a deficiency exists of evidence-supported programs to concurrently promote goal achievement in mental health and sport performance. Therefore, this case examination reviews efficacious implementation of The Optimum Performance Program in Sports (TOPPS) in a collegiate combat sport athlete evidencing alcohol dependence and concurrent elevations in mental health symptoms. An AB experimental design with follow-up assessments was utilized to determine the influence of intervention on the participant’s substance use, mental health, HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk behavior (i.e., unsafe sexual practices), relationships, and factors identified to interfere with sport performance. Unique to existing campus counseling programs, TOPPS incorporated significant other support to assist in goal accomplishment. The intervention program included innovative components that were built upon evidence-supported Family Behavior Therapy protocols, including Cultural Enlightenment, Dynamic Goals and Rewards, Performance Planning, Environmental Control, Self-Control, Reciprocity Awareness, and Positive Request. Intervention components were evaluated to be reliably implemented. The participant reported substantial improvements in mental health and reduced substance use from baseline to post-intervention assessment, and these improvements were sustained at 1- and 3-month follow-up assessments. Future directions in performance programming with student-athletes are discussed in light of the results including the incorporation of significant others in the intervention plan.
Epilepsia Partialis Continua: Clinical and Electrophysiological Features of Adult Patients
Authors: Gurer Gunfer , Saygi Serap , Ciger Abdurrahman
Published: September 2014

In this study we reviewed the clinical, electrophysiological and neuroimaging data of 21 patients with epilepsia partialis continua (EPC), which is a rare form of epilepsy with focal motor seizures persisting hours to years. We found infections, cerebrovascular events and tumors as the most common causes of EPC in adults. SSPE was also shown as a cause of EPC. EPC in SSPE patients was resistant to therapies and persisted more than 1 year. EPC is usually a predictor of poor outcome and 29% of patients died after EPC in this study. As prognosis is usually bad and as response to treatment is poor in patients who had EPC, early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause is important. Although the most common etiologies are infections, cerebrovasculer events and tumors, if EPC persists several months SSPE should be kept in mind as a rare cause of EPC. MRI should be repeated in chronic cases to show dysplastic cortex, which was shown in 1 patient in this study.
The Continuous Rhythmic Mid-Temporal Discharge
Authors: Hughes John R.
Published: September 2014

This case report is of a 15-year-old male who was sent for an EEG because of possible staring spells and a learning disability. At times written examinations in school were successfully completed and at other times the patient would write only his name. In two EEGs 1 month apart during hyperventilation, Rhythmic Mid-Temporal Discharges (RMTD) were activated and appeared continuously for 84 minutes and in the second instance for 140 minutes. No maneuvers could modify the pattern and no clinical changes were reported by the patient. Discussion includes another similar case recently published and the need to test such patients in some way to see the subtle clinical changes that likely do occur. One compromise for the name of this pattern might be Rhythmic Mid-Temporal Epileptiform Activity (RMTEA), avoiding the term discharge, which implies a seizure state that has not yet been established.
A Case of Zellweger Syndrome with Extensive MRI Abnormalities and Unusual EEG Findings
Authors: Panjan Darja Paro , Meglič Nuška Pečarič , Meglič Nuška Pečarič , Neubauer David
Published: September 2014

Differential diagnosis in a newborn with dysmorphic features and profound neurologic dysfunction should include the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger. Its distinct clinical features, markedly elevated plasma levels of very long chain fatty acids and characteristic radiological findings support the diagnosis, which can now be confirmed by genetic markers. Quite consistent abnormalities of the neurophysiological studies in this syndrome have also been reported. We report a case with typical clinical and biochemical findings in whom distinctive brain MRI abnormalities were found. The results of neurophysiological studies with an unusual EEG pattern of continuous negative vertex sharp waves and spikes are discussed. We believe that such a pattern could be considered as a pathognomonic EEG finding, especially in cases of Zellweger syndrome with extensive brain abnormalities and may even be closely associated with cortical dysplasias.
Unilateral Alpha Subharmonics: A Case Report
Authors: Attarian H. P. , Pacquiao P. A. , Erickson S. M.
Published: September 2014

Occipital alpha subharmonics are a normal EEG variant. Unilateral occipital slowing, however, is associated with focal dysfunction of that particular side. We report a 10-year-old girl with the incidental EEG finding of unilateral occipital slowing. MRI of her brain was completely normal and on long-term follow up she remained healthy. Based on her clinical history, normal MRI of brain, and the character of the slow posterior rhythms, we conclude that unilateral slow alpha rhythm can be a normal variant akin to alpha subharmonics.
Decreased Level of EEG-Vigilance in Acute Mania as a Possible Predictor for a Rapid Effect of Methylphenidate: A Case Study
Authors: Bschor T. , Müller-Oerlinghausen B. , Ulrich G.
Published: September 2014

About one third of manic patients show a decreased Electroencephalographic Vigilance Level (EVL). In two patients with recurrent manias the hypothesis was tested that the EEG may be used to predict the therapeutic response to methylphenidate. Patient A (with a decreased EVL) responded rapidly to methylphenidate with a considerable reduction of symptoms and a clear increase of EVL, whereas patient B (normal EVL) did not show any change, neither clinically nor in the EEG.
3D Statistical Parametric Mapping of EEG Source Spectra by Means of Variable Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (VARETA)
Authors: Bosch-Bayard J. , Valdés-Sosa P. , Virues-Alba T. , Aubert-Vázquez E. , John E. Roy , Harmony Thalia , Riera-Díaz J. , Trujillo-Barreto N.
Published: September 2014

This article describes a new method for 3D QEEG tomography in the frequency domain. A variant of Statistical Parametric Mapping is presented for source log spectra. Sources are estimated by means of a Discrete Spline EEG inverse solution known as Variable Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (VARETA). Anatomical constraints are incorporated by the use of the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) probabilistic brain atlas. Efficient methods are developed for frequency domain VARETA in order to estimate the source spectra for the set of 103–105 voxels that comprise an EEG/MEG inverse solution. High resolution source Z spectra are then defined with respect to the age dependent mean and standard deviations of each voxel, which are summarized as regression equations calculated from the Cuban EEG normative database. The statistical issues involved are addressed by the use of extreme value statistics. Examples are shown that illustrate the potential clinical utility of the methods herein developed.
Localization of Deep White Matter Lymphoma Using VARETA: A Case Study
Authors: Prichep Leslie S. , John E. Roy , Tom MeeLee
Published: September 2014

Methods have recently been proposed for localization of multiple brain sources of particular EEG frequencies recorded from the scalp, to identify their most probable neuroanatomical generators. This paper reports the accurate localization of a deep white matter lymphoma, using Variable Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (VARETA). The accuracy of this localization was confirmed by MRI studies. The patient was referred for a quantitative EEG evaluation, two weeks following an automobile accident, with no known loss of consciousness. There was marked excess and asymmetry of frontal slow wave activity, with highly significant hypocoherence. Significant gradient shifts within the left hemisphere were also seen. Visual inspection of the EEG tracings revealed theta paroxysms in left dorsolateral and mesial frontal regions. The MRI revealed a large space-occupying lesion deep within the white matter of the left frontal lobe, with evidence of subependymal spread and significant surrounding vasogenic edema. Localization of the sources of the maximal QEEG abnormalities using VARETA was consistent with the lesion location seen in the MRI images. This case demonstrates that VARETA can achieve highly sensitive and accurate localization of sources of QEEG abnormalities which lie in the deepest brain regions.
Interstimulus Interval Effect on Event-Related Potential N270 in a Color Matching Task
Authors: Tian Shujuan , Wang Yuping , Wang Huijun , Cui Lili
Published: September 2014

Event-related brain potentials were recorded in a matching task, in which subjects were asked to discriminate if the color of the second stimulus (S2) was the same as the first stimulus (S1). The interstimulus interval between the two stimuli of a pair was of three levels (150 ms, 500 ms and 1000 ms). A negative component about 270 ms after the presentation of S2 was elicited when the color of the two stimuli was not identical for the interstimulus interval of 500 ms and 1000 ms, but not for the interval of 150 ms. This may suggest that N270 represented the response of the brain to conflicting information between different cortical levels.