bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting A/B compartments from histone modifications using deep learning
Authors: Zheng Suchen , Thakkar Nitya , Harris Hannah L. , Zhang Megan , Liu Susanna , Gerstein Mark , Aiden Erez Lieberman , Rowley M. Jordan , Noble William Stafford , Gürsoy Gamze , Singh Ritambhara
Published: April 2022

Genomes fold into organizational units in the 3D space that can influence critical biological functions. In particular, the organization of chromatin into A and B compartments segregates its active regions from inactive regions. Compartments, evident in Hi-C contact matrices, have been used to describe cell-type specific changes in the A/B organization. However, obtaining Hi-C data for all cell and tissue types of interest is prohibitively expensive, which has limited the widespread consideration of compartment status. We present a prediction tool called Compartment prediction using Recurrent Neural Network (CoRNN) that models the relationship between the compartmental organization of the genome and histone modification enrichment. Our model predicts A/B compartments, in a cross-cell type setting, with an average area under the ROC curve of 90.9%. Our cell type-specific compartment predictions show high overlap with known functional elements. We investigate our predictions by systematically removing combinations of histone marks and find that H3K27ac and H3K36me3 are the most predictive marks. We then perform a detailed analysis of loci where compartment status cannot be accurately predicted from these marks. These regions represent chromatin with ambiguous compartmental status, likely due to variations in status within the population of cells. These ambiguous loci also show highly variable compartmental status between biological replicates in the same GM12878 cell type. Finally, we demonstrate the generalizability of our model by predicting compartments in independent tissue samples. Our software and trained model are publicly available at https://github.com/rsinghlab/CoRNN.
Gene regulation by synergism between mRNA decay and gene transcription
Authors: García-Martínez José , Singh Abhyudai , Medina Daniel , Chávez Sebastián , Pérez-Ortín José E.
Published: April 2022

It has become increasingly clear in the last few years that gene expression in eukaryotes is not a linear process starting from transcription in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, but a circular one where the mRNA level is controlled by crosstalk between nuclear transcription and cytoplasmic decay pathways. One of the possible purposes of this crosstalk is to keep the mRNA level approximately constant. This is called mRNA buffering and happens when transcription and mRNA degradation act at compensatory rates. However, if transcription and mRNA degradation act synergistically, enhanced gene expression regulation would occur. In this work we mathematically modeled the effects of RNA binding proteins (RBP) when they have positive or negative effects on mRNA synthesis and decay rates. We found that they can buffer or enhance gene expression responses depending on their respective effects on transcription and mRNA stability. Then we analyzed new and previously published genomic datasets obtained for several yeast mutants related to either transcription or mRNA decay, but they are not known to possess activity in the other process. We show that some of them, which were presumed only transcription factors (Sfp1) or only decay factors (Puf3, Upf2/3), may represent examples of RBPs that make specific synergistic crosstalk to enhance the control of the mRNA levels of their target genes by combining antagonistic effects on transcriptional and mRNA stability.
Lip thickness effect on high bypass co-flowing jet mixing
Authors: R. Naren Shankar , V.G. Ganesan
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyse numerically and experimentally the effects of lip thickness (LT) and bypass ratio on co-flowing nozzle under subsonic and correctly expanded sonic jet decay at different Mach numbers.

Design/methodology/approach

Co-flowing jets from co-flowing nozzles of different LTs, 0.2, 1 and 1.5 Dp (where Dp is the primary nozzle exit diameter = 10 mm), with an annular gap of 10 mm at main jet exit Mach numbers 0.6 have been studied experimentally and the other cases have been performed numerically. The co-flowing jet with 2 mm LT was used for comparison.

Findings

Co-flowing jet axial pitot pressure decay, axial static pressure decay, axial velocity decay, radial velocity decay and streamline velocity contours were analyzed. The results illustrate that the mixing of the co-flowing jet with profound LT is prevalent to the co-flowing jet with 2 mm LT, at all Mach numbers of the current study. Also, the LT of the co-flowing jet has a strong impact on jet mixing. Co-flowing jets with 10 mm and 15 mm LT with a constant co-flow width of 10 mm experience a considerably advanced mixing than co-flowing jets with 2 mm LT and a co-flow width of 10 mm.

Practical implications

The application of bypassed co-flow jet is in turbofan engine operates efficiently in modern civil aircraft.

Originality/value

All subsonic jets are considered correctly expanded with negligible variation in axial static pressure. However, in the present study, static pressure along the centerline varies sinusoidally up to 9% and 12% above and below atmospheric pressure, respectively, for primary jet exit Mach number 1.0. The sinusoidal variation is less for primary jet exit Mach numbers 0.6 and 0.8 in static pressure decay.
Interface management of offsite bathroom construction: a conceptual model
Authors: McCarney Michael , Goodier Chris Ian , Gibb Alistair
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to identify and discuss how process and people factors influence the successful implementation of organisational interface management in offsite bathroom construction.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review identified 16 process and people factors. A mixed method approach was used to analyse data from eight offsite bathroom case study projects. A ranking approach determined the main process and people factors, consequently analysed using (Minitab) Frequency analysis, the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and thematic analysis to establish the contributing sub-factors and their inter-relationships, to each other and to the literature. These factors and sub-factors formed the final conceptual model, bringing together interface management and offsite bathroom construction.

Findings

The nine factors instrumental to the conceptual model include six process factors: procurement, design management, supply chain management, health and safety, tolerance and quality and three people factors: communication, client/design team and project manager, reflecting the construction industry focus on hard processes over soft. The role of the project manager and communication, however, are the main factors which contribute to overall project success. Direct management of the offsite works by the contractor’s project manager is also highly significant.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations include the (UK) geographical focus of the research and the focus on bathroom pods in buildings.

Social implications

The research recognises three people (social) factors: communication, client/design team and project manager, with the first and third being the main factors which contribute to overall project success.

Originality/value

Originality stems from the focus on organisational interface management and how this relates to offsite bathroom construction (a practice gaining considerable momentum in industry) and the resultant model. Being grounded on more than one body of academic literature as well as 8 case studies and 82 industry interviews, there is value to both researchers and construction industry practitioners alike.
Searching for “rare diamonds”? Industrial districts and innovation in Spain and Italy
Authors: Boix-Domenech Rafael , Capone Francesco , Galletto Vittorio
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to test the existence of the so-called industrial district effect on innovation (iMID effect) in Spain and Italy and to compare the intensity of this effect between both countries. There is previous evidence of this effect for Spain, although, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it has never been measured for Italy.

Design/methodology/approach

Innovation intensity by local production system is measured using patents per million employees and analysed using the mean, the median, 3D maps and statistical tests.

Findings

Industrial districts generate between a third and a quarter of all technological innovations in Spain and Italy. The evidence about the district effect in innovation in Spain is consistent with previous studies. The novelty is that there is also evidence of this effect for Italy and its intensity is higher than for Spain. Almost one-half of the industrial districts fit in the most innovative quartile of local production systems, and they are located in the most innovative part of each country.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations of this study include minor database issues. Implications include new focus on the general relevance of industrial districts as highly innovative local production systems and top innovators.

Practical implications

Reorientation of territorial and innovation policies.

Social implications

Effect on development and well-being through technical progress.

Originality/value

This article provides, for the first time, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, a measurement of the industrial district effect on innovation in Italy. The paper compares the results between Spain and Italy and allows for generalization of previous evidence, concluding that highly innovative industrial districts are not “rare diamonds”, revealing as an alternative and an extraordinarily powerful place-based innovation model.
Design of a fractional-order chaotic secure communication circuit based on sliding mode theory and microcontroller
Authors: Zhou Zuanbo , Yu Wenxin , Wang Junnian , Zhao Yanming , Liu Meiting
Published: April 2022

Purpose

With the development of integrated circuit and communication technology, digital secure communication has become a research hotspot. This paper aims to design a five-dimensional fractional-order chaotic secure communication circuit with sliding mode synchronous based on microcontroller (MCU).

Design/methodology/approach

First, a five-dimensional fractional-order chaotic system for encryption is constructed. The approximate numerical solution of fractional-order chaotic system is calculated by Adomian decomposition method, and the phase diagram is obtained. Then, combined with the complexity and 0–1 test algorithm, the parameters of fractional-order chaotic system for encryption are selected. In addition, a sliding mode controller based on the new reaching law is constructed, and its stability is proved. The chaotic system can be synchronized in a short time by using sliding mode control synchronization.

Findings

The electronic circuit is implemented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed scheme.

Originality/value

It is feasible to realize fractional-order chaotic secure communication using MCU, and further reducing the synchronization error is the focus of future work.
Multi-material topology optimization considering natural frequency constraint
Authors: Shah Vishrut , Pamwar Manish , Sangha Balbir , Kim Il Yong
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose an effective and efficient numerical method that can consider natural frequency in multi-material topology optimization (MMTO) and which is scalable for complex three-dimensional (3D) problems.

Design/methodology/approach

The optimization algorithm is developed by combining custom FORTRAN code for MMTO with the open-source software Mystran, which is used as a finite element analysis (FEA) solver. The proposed algorithm allows the designer to shift the fundamental frequency of the design beyond a defined frequency spectrum from the initial designing phase. The methodology is formulated in a smooth and differentiable manner, with the sensitivity expressions, required by gradient-based optimization solvers, presented.

Findings

Natural frequency constraint has been successfully implemented into MMTO. The use of open-source software Mystran as an FEA solver in the algorithm provides ability to solve complex problems. Mystran offers powerful built-in functions for eigenvalue extraction using methods like Givens, modified Givens, inverse power and the Lanczos method, which provide the ability to solve complex models. The algorithm is successfully able to solve both two- and three-material MMTO jobs for two-dimensional and 3D geometries.

Originality/value

Natural frequency constraint consideration into topology optimization is very challenging due to three common issues: localized eigenmodes, mode switching and high computational cost. The proposed algorithm addresses these inherent issues, implements natural frequency constraint to MMTO and solves for complex models, which is hardly possible using conventional methods.
User innovation rings the bell for new horizons in e-health: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Khatereh , Escobar Octavio , Yordanova Zornitsa , Villasalero Manuel
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The study examines the amplifying role of users in the e-healthcare sector and holistically show its current state and potential. The paper aims at contributing to the scientific literature with a comprehensive review of the current state of the art on the application of user innovation (UI) in the e-healthcare sector, as a solid step for discussing the potential, trends, managerial gaps and future research avenues in this field. Despite the crucial importance of the topic and increasing attention toward it in the last few years, there is a lack of comprehensive scrutiny on different angles of involving users in health technology innovations so far.

Design/methodology/approach

This study combines two methods of bibliometric analysis and extensive content analysis of 169 journal articles on Scopus and Web of Science to unfold five research questions regarding the mechanisms of involving users, innovations characteristics and the role of users throughout the innovation process.

Findings

A clear result of the applied methodology is the profiling of users involved in e-health innovations in seven categories. The results of this study shed light on the current practice of not involving users in all the stages of the innovation process of m-health, telemedicine, self-managing technologies, which is contrary to the best practices of the UI application.

Research limitations/implications

Collection of relevant studies due to lack of comprehensibility of the keywords.

Practical implications

The offered propositions can act as a roadmap to potential research opportunities as well as to organize such innovations from a managerial perspective in particular healthcare organization managers and the middle managers operating at R&D sectors and policymakers.

Originality/value

This study is the first of its kind that digs out the application of UI strategies such as user-centered design in the context of e-healthcare and provides a bibliometric and extensive content analysis of the studies conducted in this theme over the years.
Universal emotional arc structure in advertisements and their favorability
Authors: Ghosh Aruni , Deb Madhurima
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to propose a novel way to explore the narrative structure of advertisements, a nascent area of research, through the protagonist’s emotional arc progression.

Design/methodology/approach

The multi-methods approach is used. In Study 1, the authors explore the basic universal emotional arcs through the analysis of narrative advertisements from six key economies. In Studies 2 and 3, the authors experimentally test hypotheses concerning the narrative structure and viewers’ attitudes toward the narrative using representative samples (317 and 193 ads, respectively).

Findings

The authors identify five broad emotional arcs of the protagonist in audiovisual advertisements. Different emotional arcs are found to induce different attitudes in the audience. Narratives ending in a positive mode and the narrative arcs with higher emotional shifts are more favorably evaluated by the audience.

Research limitations/implications

The present study is limited to textual stimuli tested in a US population and does not consider protagonist characteristic portrayal.

Practical implications

Understanding consumer preferences for different emotional arcs can help practitioners to develop more clutter-breaking and relevant advertisements.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to explore the narrative structure theory in the context of advertisements using a positivist approach.
“I would rather be informed than misinformed”: critical conversations supporting transnational religious identity across time and space
Authors: Deroo Matthew R. , Mohamud I.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how a transnational immigrant youth’s engagement on social media supported her identity formation and allowed space to advance more just framing of Islam across school and online communities.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative study draws on data collected across two years, including interviews, classroom observations and social media posts. Using digital religion and counterstorying as a constructive theoretical frame, the authors asked: What was the role of social media in supporting a transnational immigrant youth’s critical media literacy practices within and beyond school. How, if at all, did these practices shift over time?

Findings

Findings highlight how I. Mohamud used social media in support of her identity development as a female, Muslim youth in a political climate antithetical to such liberation and how through an online community she engaged in counter stories to negative framing of Islam.

Originality/value

Our collaborative writing answers Lam and Warriner’s (2012) call for research exploring how individuals from migrant backgrounds interact with “diverse media representations and mobilize different interpretive frames for understanding societal events and personal experiences” (p. 207). Moreover, this study further answers El-Haj and Bonet (2012) call for research investigating “ways that youth inhabit particular identities in specific contexts and interactions and across time” (p. 41).
Occupational identity, work, psychological distress and gender in management: results from SALVEO study
Authors: Hamouche Salima , Marchand Alain
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the contribution of occupational identity and gender in explaining psychological distress among managers. It proposes and tests empirically a theoretical model that integrates identity theory into occupational stress and gender research. It analyses the proposition that a low level of verification of role identity is associated with a high level of psychological distress and that gender plays a moderating role in the relationship between role identity verification and psychological distress.

Design/methodology/approach

Multilevel regression analyses were conducted on a sample of 314 managers employed in 56 Canadian firms.

Findings

Low level of verification of one standard of managers’ role identity, namely, recognition, is significantly associated with managers’ psychological distress. It encloses monetary and non-monetary recognition, career prospects and job security. Notwithstanding, gender does not moderate the relationship between identity verification and psychological distress.

Originality/value

Studies addressing the contributions of identity and gender in the explanation of managers’ psychological distress are sparse. This paper helps to expand the scope of management and workplace mental health research as well as gender-related research, by proposing a new approach for the study of managers’ psychological distress, by the integration of identity theory and the analysis of the moderating role of gender.
Task conflict and team performance: roles of expertise disparity and functional background diversity
Authors: Lee Eun Kyung (Elise) , Chung Wonjoon , Hong Woonki
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to test a contingency model in which the relationship between task conflict and team performance depends on the extent to which team members differ in their levels of expertise and functional backgrounds.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were obtained from 71 student teams that completed a semester-long entrepreneurial project.

Findings

The results support the moderating role of expertise disparity in the process through which task conflict contributes to team performance. Task conflict had a curvilinear effect (inverted-U) on team performance in teams with high expertise disparity. In contrast, in teams with low expertise disparity, the relationship between task conflict and team performance was found to be linear and positive. The moderating role of functional background diversity was not supported.

Research limitations/implications

This paper shows that the relationship between task conflict and team performance can exist in both a linear and a curvilinear fashion, and that what determines the form of the relationship has to do with a team’s diversity characteristics. The focus of future conflict research should be whether and how teams can realize the possible beneficial effects of task conflict, not whether task conflict is simply good or bad.

Practical implications

Managers may deliberately consider the differences in expertness among members when creating teams or assigning members to a team. Further, they may want to avoid extensive task conflict when a team’s expertise levels are unevenly distributed to lessen expected performance loss.

Originality/value

This study’s examination of the roles of two moderators in catalyzing the processes through which potential effects of task conflict are realized enhances the understanding of equivocal results in conflict research. The empirical evidence that this study provides informs a long-standing debate in the conflict literature – whether task conflict is functional or dysfunctional for teams – in a new, insightful way.
The selection of face mask as a personal protective equipment under the spherical fuzzy environment considering technical and material properties
Authors: Gül Sait , Sivri Çağlar , Aksu Ozan Rıdvan
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine which criteria should be taken into account while choosing face masks for pandemic times and to what extent their effects are.

Design/methodology/approach

Nine face mask alternatives were evaluated based on the assessments of their performance with respect to twelve attributes. Seven experts were asked to evaluate the mask alternatives and the influences among attributes. In gathering expert judgments, spherical fuzzy number-based linguistic terms were utilized in the study to provide a more comprehensive representation domain to them.

Findings

According to the results, the most important attributes are found as material type, cost and bacteria–virus protection level. The best face mask is N95, which is followed by respirators and surgical masks.

Research limitations/implications

The implication of the research is to evaluate face masks in terms of criteria such as physical, performance, protection and cost to decide on what basis they were selected as a personal protective equipment (PPE) based on expert assessments. This is useful in selection of the right face mask with optimum performance and provides guidance to the general public and profession specific groups for this purpose. The face mask companies might be also benefitted from the implications of the present study in their design and research and development (R&D) operations.

Originality/value

The preference ranking of the face mask alternatives has not been studied in detail yet in the literature. Focusing on this issue, the present study provides a comprehensive assessment of the selection criteria of face masks in the pandemic era.
Academics' attitudes towards online education amidst the Covid-19 outbreak
Authors: Dassanayaka D.M.C. , Weerasinghe I.M.S. , Dahanayaka S.N.S. , Dedunu H. Harshani , Athurupana KAHMK , Muthuweera N.K.G.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The present scenario of the Covid-19 pandemic, together with technological advancements, has provoked unprecedented turbulence in the education system, notably in universities, disrupting their conventional teaching and learning processes. Despite government support, teachers and students faced numerous challenges in the online teaching and learning process than expected. Extensive research has been undertaken to investigate the context of online education from the perspective of students, but less emphasis has been given to examining the views of teachers. Thus, the study aimed to explore attitudes of academics towards online teaching during the Covid-19 outbreak.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was conducted in Sri Lanka, with the population consisting of academics representing all state universities. An email survey was conducted randomly, and 355 academics responded to a Google form, out of which 332 refined questionnaires were used for analysis. Multi-item reflective indicators were used to operationalize the research constructs on a 7-point Likert scale. The face, content, and construct validities were ensured appropriately. The reflective-reflective two-stage hierarchical approach with disjoint option was applied to analyze the data using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) model. After rigorous and careful examination of data, the descriptive statistics revealed that the university academics are pretty distressed with their Internet connections and facilities at home to conduct online lectures.

Findings

Active student participation was just above the average, while teacher's attitudes towards online education, their willingness to continue it further seem quite unsatisfactory. Teacher readiness for online education appears to be acceptable only to a certain extent. The key findings of the study disclosed that the attitudes towards online teaching are determined by perceived usefulness, teacher readiness, perceived student participation whereas active student participation, a conducive teaching environment and institutional support have no significant impact on attitude towards online teaching. Further, the study contributed to the education literature analyzing online education in the Sri Lankan context.

Originality/value

This study sparked the debate and contributed to the literature exploring the concept from the side of teachers in which attitudes of teachers towards online teaching in Sri Lankan Contest.
A review of critical success factors for solar home system implementation in public housing
Authors: Salim Abdalla Mahmoud , Abu Dabous Saleh
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims at conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) for solar home systems (SHSs) implementation in public housing projects.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on an SLR to identify the CSFs for SHS implementation in public housing. It reviewed published literature between 2000 and 2021. A summative content analysis approach is followed to analyze the qualitative content of published literature on CSFs for SHSs implementation in public housing.

Findings

The review outcomes identified a total of 44 CSFs, which are classified into six main fundamental categories, including political, financial, technical, social, marketing and environmental. The results indicated that government support is the most significant CSF for SHS implementation in public housing, followed by installation quality, maintenance and monitoring and effective policies and legal framework. The published literature mostly agrees that the CSFs are regionally specific, and stakeholders play an essential role in defining SHS programs’ indicators and success factors.

Originality/value

Lack of success and discontinuity of some SHS programs are deterring, especially for governments initiatives. Identifying CSFs associated with the success of some programs and understanding why other programs were less successful are essential requirements for improving the success of future projects. This study is intended to provide governments, policy-makers and program implementers with a list of the most significant CSFs for use when developing a success model to evaluate and measure the potential for investment in SHSs in the public housing sector.
Exploring home health-care robots adoption in Malaysia: extending the UTAUT model
Authors: Yeoh Shih Yee , Chin Phaik Nie
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the possible factors affecting Malaysians’ intention to adopt new technology such as home health-care robots (HHRs) based on the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. The variable price, awareness and alternative attractiveness were added since HHRs is a new technology in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

This study collected the self-administered questionnaire from 316 respondents who are currently taking care of elderly or disabled people at home. The UTAUT variables, price and awareness were the predictors, and the intention to adopt HHRs was the independent variable, with alternative attractiveness as the moderator. The partial least squares structural equation modeling was used for analysis of the measurement model and the structural model of this study.

Findings

The results show that performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, price and awareness significantly and positively affect Malaysians’ intention to adopt HHRs. Alternative attractiveness moderates the relationship between price and intention to adopt HHRs.

Research limitations/implications

The findings provide insights to marketers, managers and policymakers in identifying the right strategies to promote HHRs and thus, solving the problem of scarcity in caretakers for elderly and disabled people.

Originality/value

This study adds value to the current literature by integrating price and awareness constructs with the UTAUT model. This study also examines the moderating effect of alternative attractiveness on the intention to adopt HHRs, which is still limited but significant for developing nations.
Ownership in Islamic banks: how home country development influences the performance of foreign Islamic banks
Authors: Saw Andrew Tek Wei , Law Siong Hook , W. Jubilee Ribed Vianneca , Chang Seng Loong
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to assess the performance of domestic and foreign Islamic banks as well as the influence of foreign banks’ home country development influence on the performance of foreign banks.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses data of 17 domestic Islamic banks and 11 foreign Islamic banks from Bahrain, Malaysia and Pakistan from 2010 to 2018. Pooled ordinary least square is used to investigate the relationship between home country development and performance of foreign Islamic banks.

Findings

Results from this paper suggest domestic Islamic banks in Malaysia have higher performance than their foreign counterparts while foreign Islamic banks from Pakistan have higher performance than their domestic counterparts. However, as a whole, the performance of domestic and foreign Islamic banks is not significantly different from one another. Development of foreign banks’ home country measured by gross national income per capita and gross domestic product per capita show significant positive influence on the performance of foreign Islamic banks.

Originality/value

Higher level of development of the home country of foreign banks appears to influence the performance of foreign banks in the host country.
The role of stress personalities: a comparative study between Indian Academia and industry
Authors: Kumar Vimal , Mittal Ankesh , Sharma Alok Kumar , Ahmad Ramli
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Stress is the most common emotional or mental state that employees experience during their work. The employees in academics and industry are facing increased levels of stress as they progress through their work. The study aims to investigate the relationship between academic and industry employees’ stress personalities. West Coast psychological consultants Mary Dempcy and Rene Tihista distinguish between the seven various types of stress and offer suggestions to deal with it.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the authors have built a survey questionnaire using a sample of 195 respondents from the industry and academic of North India and analysed their responses to find their stress personalities at work. The Independent sample t-test approach has been applied to analyse the employee stress personality.

Findings

The study finds out that stress is a sophisticated defence mechanism that is unique to each individual and varies depending on the environment. Using employee response of academic and industry, the study covers the essence of seven types of stress for individuals, and that lent good support to the framed hypothesis.

Research limitations/implications

These seven types of stress have importance and different levels to knowing their appropriateness to the individuals and suggest to take necessary action of plan. It shows the individuals feel about stress, how the bodies react to it and how to cope with it are all indicators of the personalities, attitudes and adaptability.

Originality/value

The novelty of this study is to apply Mary Dempcy and Rene Tihista’s stress personalities compared with the two respective categories.
New development of marine spatial planning in China: problems and policy suggestions on the implementation of National Plan for Main Functional Zones of Oceans
Authors: Tang Honghao , Lin Mingyue , Yu Jing , Yue Qi
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The focus of this paper is to further improve the implementation safeguard measures of the National Plan for Main Functional Zones of Ocean (NPMFZO) based on the implementation status of the national marine main functional area plan after the promulgation of the existing marine planning implementation safeguard measures, aiming at the problems existing in the implementation of the plan, to help the implementation of the plan more effective.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews the historical process of the preparation and implementation of NPMFZO, analyzes the problems existing in the implementation of this plan, and puts forward some measures and suggestions under the background of the new national territory planning system.

Findings

In the new period, the authors should focus on building the evaluation system of planning implementation, strengthening the coordination with other plans, improving the supporting policies of planning and ensuring the effective implementation of the main functional zoning of oceans under the territorial spatial planning system.

Originality/value

This paper reviews some problems existing in the implementation of the NPMFZO and puts forward policy suggestions to ensure the implementation of the plan in the new period.
Twitter use by the dementia community during COVID-19: a user classification and social network analysis
Authors: Alhayan Fatimah , Pennington Diane , Ayouni Sarra
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The study aimed to examine how different communities concerned with dementia engage and interact on Twitter.

Design/methodology/approach

A dataset was sampled from 8,400 user profile descriptions, which was labelled into five categories and subjected to multiple machine learning (ML) classification experiments based on text features to classify user categories. Social network analysis (SNA) was used to identify influential communities via graph-based metrics on user categories. The relationship between bot score and network metrics in these groups was also explored.

Findings

Classification accuracy values were achieved at 82% using support vector machine (SVM). The SNA revealed influential behaviour on both the category and node levels. About 2.19% suspected social bots contributed to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) dementia discussions in different communities.

Originality/value

The study is a unique attempt to apply SNA to examine the most influential groups of Twitter users in the dementia community. The findings also highlight the capability of ML methods for efficient multi-category classification in a crisis, considering the fast-paced generation of data.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-04-2021-0208.
Smiling for tips? Will restaurant servers’ actions affect customers’ emotional contagion and tipping behavior?
Authors: Hsiao Chih-Hui , Chien Chia-Hsuan , Yeh Shih-Shuo , Huan Tzung-Cheng
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impacts of restaurant servers’ actions on the customers’ emotional contagion and the impacts of customers’ emotional contagion on their intention to tip and the likelihood of tipping. This study also explores social compliance and examines its impacts on customers’ intentions to tip and the likelihood of tipping.

Design/methodology/approach

Taking a restaurant in Taiwan as an example, this study uses questionnaires to investigate five constructs of the research framework, which are restaurant servers’ actions, restaurant customers’ susceptibility to emotional contagion, customers’ intention to tip, customers’ likelihood of tipping and customers’ social compliance. The questionnaires were distributed online using Surveycake website. A total of 310 completed questionnaires were collected.

Findings

The results indicate the following: restaurant servers’ actions positively affect customers’ susceptibility to emotional contagion; customers’ emotional contagion positively affects their intention to tip and likelihood of tipping; customers’ social compliance positively affects their intentions to tip and the likelihood of tipping; and customers’ emotional contagion partially mediates the effects of restaurant servers’ actions on customers’ intention to tip and likelihood of tipping.

Originality/value

The hypothesis test results in this article not only successfully integrate or confirm the research findings of past scholars, but also expand the scope of research on related topics. Furthermore, the research findings of this study provide restaurant practitioners with rich marketing implications.
Spawning season and nest guarding behavior of invasive smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in a Japanese Lake
Authors: Peterson Miles I. , Kitano Satoshi
Published: April 2022

Spawning of invasive smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) was studied in 2020 and 2021, in Lake Nojiri, Nagano, Japan. Male smallmouth bass began nest construction once water temperatures reached 14°C, and eggs progressed to fry dispersal in approximately 2 weeks. The main spawning season was in late May through early June, with a smaller second peak of nests in late June through early July. Nests were constructed primarily under dock cover, and nest size and depth were positively correlated with male body size. Of the nests that received eggs, nearly all progressed successfully to fry dispersal. Time lapse videos of male guarding behavior revealed that as nests progressed, males rotated less and were suspended off the bottom substrate. Similarly, the presence of egg predators was determined by experimental removal of guarding males. Freshwater gobies (Rhinogobius kurodai) were the only egg predators observed and arrived on all nests in the egg stage. However, only a handful of gobies visited each nest, the total number of eggs predated was low, and eggs or alevins in the progressed stage were rarely predated. These results indicate that in Lake Nojiri, smallmouth bass spawning is highly successful and egg predators appear to have minimal effect on egg survival. The stable smallmouth bass fishery without stocking at this lake is likely a product of these favorable spawning conditions. The lack of native egg predators may also be a driving factor in the continued spread of smallmouth bass throughout Japan.
Investigation of fungal biomolecules after Low Earth Orbit exposure: a testbed for the next Moon missions
Authors: Cassaro Alessia , Pacelli Claudia , Baqué Mickael , Cavalazzi Barbara , Gasparotto Giorgio , Saladino Raffaele , Botta Lorenzo , Böttger Ute , Rabbow Elke , de Vera Jean‐Pierre , Onofri Silvano
Published: April 2022

The Moon is characterized by extremely harsh conditions due to ultraviolet irradiation, wide temperature extremes, vacuum resulting from the absence of an atmosphere and high ionizing radiation. Therefore, its surface may provide a unique platform to investigate the effects of such conditions. For lunar exploration with the Lunar Gateway platform, exposure experiments in Low Earth Orbit are useful testbeds to prepare for lunar space experiments and to understand how and if potential biomarkers are influenced by extra‐terrestrial conditions. During the BIOMEX (BIOlogy and Mars EXperiment) project, dried colonies of the fungus Cryomyces antarcticus grown on Lunar Regolith Analogue (LRA) were exposed to space conditions for 16 months aboard the EXPOSE‐R2 payload outside the International Space Station. In this study, we investigated the stability/degradation of fungal biomarkers in LRA after exposure to (i) simulated space and (ii) real space conditions, using Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and DNA amplification. The results demonstrated that fungal biomarkers were detectable after 16 months of real space exposure. This work will contribute to the interpretation of data from future biological experiments in the Cislunar orbit with the Lunar Gateway platform and/or on the lunar surface, in preparation for the next step of human exploration.
Soil fungi invest into asexual sporulation under resource scarcity, but trait spaces of individual isolates are unique
Authors: Camenzind Tessa , Weimershaus Paul , Lehmann Anika , Aguilar‐Trigueros Carlos , Rillig Matthias C.
Published: April 2022

During the last few decades, a plethora of sequencing studies provided insight into fungal community composition under various environmental conditions. Still, the mechanisms of species assembly and fungal spread in soil remain largely unknown. While mycelial growth patterns are studied extensively, the abundant formation of asexual spores is often overlooked, though representing a substantial part of the fungal life cycle relevant for survival and dispersal. Here, we explore asexual sporulation (spore abundance, size and shape) in 32 co‐occurring soil fungal isolates under varying resource conditions, to answer the question whether resource limitation triggers or inhibits fungal investment into reproduction. We further hypothesized that trade‐offs exist in fungal investment towards growth, spore production and size. The results revealed overall increased fungal investment into spore production under resource limitations; however, effect sizes and response types varied strongly among fungal isolates. Such isolate‐specific effects were apparent in all measured traits, resulting in unique trait spaces of individual isolates. This comprehensive dataset also elucidated variability in sporulation strategies and trade‐offs with fungal growth and reproduction under resource scarcity, as only predicted by theoretical models before. The observed isolate‐specific strategies likely underpin mechanisms of co‐existence in this diverse group of saprobic soil fungi.
Simulated microgravity shapes the endophytic bacterial community by affecting wheat root metabolism
Authors: Cui Jingjing , Yi Zhihao , Fu Yuming , Liu Hong
Published: April 2022

To improve nutrient utilization and pathogenic resistance of plants in space, it is crucial to understand the effects of microgravity on the plant root microbiome. However, the finer details of whether and how microgravity affects the root microbiome remain unclear. Here, we found that simulated microgravity elicits no significant changes in fungal community composition and diversity, whether rhizosphere or endophytic. However, simulated microgravity caused a significant change in the composition and diversity of endophytic bacteria of wheat seedlings, but not in rhizosphere bacteria. The alteration of endophytic bacterial communities demonstrates that wheat seedlings adopt strategies to recruit additional endophytic Enterobacteriaceae and increase the stability of the endophytic bacterial network to respond to the challenge of simulated microgravity. Furthermore, our results also suggest that the corresponding changes in endophytic bacteria under simulated microgravity are closely related to a significant decrease in metabolites of the host's carbon metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism pathways. Our findings reveal details important to our understanding of the impact of gravity on the microbial community of plant seedlings and the theoretical basis for manipulation of microorganisms to ensure efficient plant production in space.
Discrepancies between prokaryotes and eukaryotes need to be considered in soil DNA‐based studies
Authors: Lara Enrique , Singer David , Geisen Stefan
Published: April 2022

Metabarcoding approaches are exponentially increasing our understanding of soil biodiversity, with a major focus on the bacterial part of the microbiome. Part of the soil diversity are also eukaryotes that include fungi, algae, protists and Metazoa. Nowadays, soil eukaryotes are targeted with the same approaches developed for bacteria and archaea (prokaryotes). However, fundamental differences exist between domains. After providing a short historical overview of the developments of metabarcoding applied to environmental microbiology, we compile the most important differences between domains that prevent direct method transfers between prokaryotic and eukaryotic soil metabarcoding approaches, currently dominated by short‐read sequencing. These include the existence of divergent diversity concepts and the variations in eukaryotic morphology that affect sampling and DNA extraction. Furthermore, eukaryotes experienced much more variable evolutionary rates than prokaryotes, which prevent capturing the entire eukaryotic diversity in a soil with a single amplification protocol fit for short‐read sequencing. In the final part we focus on future potentials for optimization of eukaryotic metabarcoding that include superior possibility of functionally characterizing eukaryotes and to extend the current information obtained, such as by adding a real quantitative component. This review should optimize future metabarcoding approaches targeting soil eukaryotes and kickstart this promising research direction.