bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bleeding in children admitted to hospital
Authors: Biørn Signe Hedengran , Lyster Anne Lørup , Hansen Rasmus Søgaard , Lynggaard Rasmus Bank , Laursen Martin Sundahl , Pedersen Jannik Skyttegaard , Vinholt Pernille Just
Published: September 2023

Purpose
This study addresses the lack of information about bleeding incidences, location and risk factors in admitted children. The primary objective of this study was to determine the incidence of bleeding in children admitted to hospital.
Methods
In an observational cohort study, the first admittance of 13,842 children (< 18years) to Odense University Hospital from 2015–2020 was analyzed. Bleeding episodes and the anatomical location of bleeding were identified in electronic health record (EHR) text using a combination of artificial intelligence and manual validation. The study determined cumulative bleeding incidence during admission with Kaplan-Meier analysis and the anatomical locations of bleedings in frequencies and numbers. Subgroup analyses included spontaneous and major bleeding, and bleeding during intensive care unit (ICU) stay.
Results
Overall, 1869 children bled at admission and 1,523 during admission. The most frequent locations were cutaneous, internal, and gastrointestinal bleeding, comprising 70% of episodes. The cumulative incidence of bleeding during admission was 29.1% and 19.0% for any bleeding and spontaneous bleeding, respectively. Spontaneous and major bleeding occurred in 794 (6.6%) and 174 (1.5%) of children, and six bleedings contributed to death (all central nervous system bleeds). Bleedings occurred in 36% admissions complicated with ICU stay. Independent risk factors for bleeding were prematurity, hematological cancer, infection, congenital anomalies, anticoagulants, administration and ICU stay.
Conclusions
The study found a high incidence of bleeding in admitted children, and fatal bleeding episodes were registered. Thus, bleeding risk shall be considered during admission of children.
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase is a possible therapeutic target in myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: Nakade Issei , Tamura Yuto , Hashimoto Fuyu , Ariza Yuko , Hotta Shingo , Fujigaya Hirofumi , Arai Suishin , Taniguchi Mai , Ogawa Hodaka , Nishibata Yuka , Masuda Sakiko , Nakazawa Daigo , Tomaru Utano , Ishizu Akihiro
Published: September 2023

Background
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) is an enzyme expressed in leukocytes other than T lymphocytes and plasma cells and involved in B-cell receptor- and Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated signal transduction. Btk inhibitors potentially suppress autoantibody production due to the expected inhibitory ability of B lymphocyte differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells and reduce FcγR-mediated neutrophil activation, including the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (MPO-AAV) is a systemic small-vessel vasculitis characterized by the pathogenic autoantibody, MPO-ANCA. MPO and MPO-ANCA immune complex (MPO-ANCA-IC)-induced FcγR-mediated NETs are critically involved in MPO-AAV pathogenesis. This study aimed to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of the Btk inhibitor tirabrutinib on MPO-AAV.
Methods
Various doses of tirabrutinib or vehicle were orally administered to Sprague-Dawley rats daily. Four weeks later, the number of peripheral B lymphocytes was counted, and Btk phosphorylation in B lymphocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry. Human peripheral blood neutrophils were stimulated by MPO-ANCA-ICs, and Btk and its downstream Vav phosphorylation was assessed by western blotting. The effects of tirabrutinib on MPO-ANCA-IC-induced NET formation were examined in vitro. Wistar Kyoto rats were immunized with human MPO to induce MPO-AAV and given drug-free or tirabrutinib-containing feed (0.0037% or 0.012%) from day 0 or 28. All rats were euthanized on day 42 for serological and histological evaluation.
Results
Tirabrutinib inhibited Btk phosphorylation without decreasing B lymphocytes in vivo. Neutrophil Btk and Vav were phosphorylated when stimulated with MPO-ANCA-ICs. Tirabrutinib suppressed MPO-ANCA-IC-induced NET formation in vitro and ameliorated MPO-AAV in a dose-dependent manner. Although MPO-ANCA production was not affected, NET-forming neutrophils in the blood were significantly reduced by tirabrutinib.
Conclusions
The Btk inhibitor tirabrutinib suppressed MPO-ANCA-IC-induced NET formation in vitro and ameliorated MPO-AAV by reducing NET-forming neutrophils but not decreasing MPO-ANCA titer in vivo. This study suggests that Btk is a possible therapeutic target in MPO-AAV.
Potential preferential utilization of hepatic glycogen as energy substrates in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) under short -term starvation
Authors: Zhang Nihe , Wang Xiaoyuan , Han Zhihao , Gong Ye , Huang Xuxiong , Chen Naisong , Li Songlin
Published: September 2023

To elucidate the underlying mechanism on the energy metabolism in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), cultured fish (initial body weight: 77.57 ± 0.75 g) in the present study were starved for 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 96 h and 192 h, respectively. The proximate composition analysis showed that short-term starvation induced a significant up-regulation in crude protein proportion in hepatic of cultured fish (P < 0.05). However, short-term starvation significantly decreased the hepatosomatic index and the viscerosomatic index of cultured fish (P < 0.05). The exact hepatic glycogen content in the group starved for 92 h presented remarkable decrease (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the weight change of lipid and protein (mg) in hepatic (y = 0.0007x2 - 0.2827x + 49.402; y =0.0013x2 - 0.5666x + 165.31), the decreasing trend of weight in glycogen (mg) was more pronounced (y = 0.0032x2 - 1.817x + 326.52), which suggested the preferential utilization of hepatic glycogen as energy substrates under short-term starvation. Gene expression analysis revealed that the starvation down-regulated the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and genes of TOR pathway, such as TOR and S6 (P < 0.05). In addition, the starvation significantly enhanced expression of lipolysis related genes, including HSL and CPT1, but down-regulated lipogenesis as indicated by the inhibited expression of FAS, ACC1 and ACC2 (P < 0.05). Starvation of 24h upregulated the expression of glycolysis genes, GK, PFKL and PK, and then their expression returned to the normal level. Meanwhile, the expression of gluconeogenesis genes, such as G6PC, FBP1 and PEPCK, was significantly inhibited with the short-term starvation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, short-term starvation induced an overall decline in growth performance, but it could deplete the hepatic glycogen accumulation and mobilize glycogen for energy effectively.
Productivity dynamics of work from home: Firm-level evidence
Authors: Morikawa Masayuki
Published: September 2023

This study documents the changes in work from home (WFH) practices since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic using panel data from original firm surveys in Japan. Particular attention has been given to the productivity dynamics of WFH. The results indicate the following: First, compared to when the first state of emergency was declared in Spring 2020, at the end of 2021, the ratio of firms utilizing WFH and the intensity of WFH decreased substantially. Second, according to the firms’ evaluations, the mean productivity of WFH improved by more than 10 percentage points, although it was still approximately 20% lower than that of conventional workplaces. The selection effect arising from the exit from this practice among firms with low WFH productivity, and the improvement in productivity among WFH-continuing firms contributed almost equally to the average productivity growth. Third, the majority of firms are planning to discontinue WFH practices and revert to the conventional work style after the end of COVID-19, and the gap between firms’ plans and the desire of remote workers is widening.
JEL Classification: D24, J24, J81, M12, M54
Empyema caused by streptococcus constellatus in a patient infected with HIV: a case report and literature review
Authors: Yang Hong-Hong , Li Mei , Liu Min
Published: September 2023

Background: Empyema caused by Streptococcus constellatus (S. constellatus) is rare in patients with HIV. To analyze the clinical data of a patient living with HIV (PLHIV), who got empyema caused by S. constellatus, investigating the diagnosis and treatment of this disease through literature review to improve the clinical understanding of this disease.
Case presentation:
We have reportedhere a 58-year-old male PLHIV with cough, wheezing, and fever for 20 days. He has a history type 2 diabetes, alcohol misuse, and a teeth extracted. Chest computed tomography revealed multiple encapsulated pleural effusions, pneumatosis, and partial compressive atelectasis in the right lung. Submission of pleural efusions timely, and then cultures revealed S. constellatus. After comprehensive treatment, including antibiotics, closed pleural drainage, and intrapleural injection of urokinase, the pleural efusion was absorbed, and chest computed tomography also confirmed the improvement.
Conclusions: S. constellatus should not be neglected as a pus pathogen in patients with HIV. comprehensive treatment is important for empyema of S. constellatus. In addition, we should pay attention to timely submission of traditional bacterial culture although NGS was widely used.
Benign breast disease and breast cancer risk in African women: A case-control study
Authors: Omoleye Olasubomi J. , Freeman Jincong Q. , Oluwasanu Mojisola , Adeniji-Sofoluwe Adenike , Woodard Anna E. , Aribisala Benjamin S. , Adejumo Prisca O. , Ntekim Atara , Makumbi Timothy , Ndom Paul , Ajayi IkeOluwapo O. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Huo Dezheng
Published: September 2023

Purpose
To examine the association between benign breast disease (BBD) and breast cancer (BC) in a heterogeneous population of African women.
Methods
BC cases and matched controls were enrolled in three sub-Saharan African countries, Nigeria Cameroon, and Uganda, between 1998–2018. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the association between BBD and BC. Risk factors dually associated with BBD and BC were selected. Using a parametric mediation analysis model, we assessed if selected BC risk factors were mediated by BBD.
Results
Of 6418 participants, 55.7% (3572) were breast cancer cases. 360 (5.7%) self-reported BBD. Fibroadenoma (46.8%) was the most reported BBD. Women with a self-reported history of BBD had greater odds of developing BC than those without (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.13–1.91). Biopsy-confirmed BBD was associated with BC (aOR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.78–5.44). BBD did not significantly mediate the effects of any of the selected BC risk factors.
Conclusions
In this study, BBD was associated with BC and did not significantly mediate the effects of selected BC risk factors.
Unequal Care: Examining the intersection of multifactorial factors contributing to suboptimal perinatal outcomes: A scoping review and implications for perinatal services in the UK
Authors: Olakotan Olufisayo , Lim Jennifer NW , Bhavsar Mina , Siddiqui Farah , Ayaz Rabina , Henry Gillian O’Brady , Jonathan Cusack , Pillay Thillagavathie
Published: September 2023

Background
Maternal and neonatal health inequalities remain prevalent among disadvantaged ethnic minority women in developed economies. Differences in perinatal care and neonatal outcome are influenced by multiple factors related to equality, diversity, and inclusion. In this scoping literature review we examine how these contribute to adverse maternal care and neonatal outcomes in the UK.
Methods
We conducted a search of four electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, and CINAHL) for articles published in English between 2010 and 2022. Using the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) framework, we defined our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Forty-seven papers met the specified inclusion criteria. We undertook a thematic analysis exploring themes and identifying potential areas for research and development.
Results
We identified themes surrounding communication, service delivery, referral delays, practical life concerns, lack of awareness of services, and cultural and racial sensitivity. Significant disparities in access, utilization, and service delivery due to socio-economic factors and ethnic differences, especially across diverse cultures, beliefs, and value systems, were identified. Tailored approaches or interventions to address perinatal health inequalities and a need for high-quality future research focused on optimizing services to promote equity and inclusion for socially disadvantaged ethnic minority women are required. We outline potential areas for research priority setting and the development of interventions.
Conclusion
Significant disparities in various themes associated with perinatal health service delivery in the UK indicate an urgent need for further priority setting research and development.
Comparison of perioperative and functional outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of prostate with different power: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Lin , Wang Li , Yin Shan , Liu Ying , Bao Er-hao , Wang Jia-hao , Wang Chong-jian , Zhu Ping-yu
Published: September 2023

Objective: The objective is to systematically review the perioperative and prognostic outcome differences between low-power (LP) and high-power (HP) holmium laser enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP).
Methods: Up to 2023, we systematically searched English databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, SinoMed, CNKI for related original research literature. Review Manager 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratios (ORs), weight mean differences (WMDs) and standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the fixed-effects or random-effects model. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots.
Results: We identified 1026 records in the literature search. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, we finally selected and included 5 studies. This meta-analysis (5 trials) showed that in intraoperative variables, HP HoLEP is superior to LP HoLEP in terms of enucleation efficiency, but there was no significant difference in operative time; there was no significant difference in postoperative outcomes (length of hospital stay, postoperative catheterization time), postoperative incontinence rates, and related complications between the two groups. There was no significant difference in postoperative functional outcomes (IPSS; Qmax; QOL; PVR).
Conclusion: Compared to LP HoLEP, HP HoLEP has a certain advantage in terms of enucleation efficiency; there is no significant difference in other aspects; however, LP HoLEP consumes less energy and is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. Furthermore, further comparative research is still needed to elevate the level of evidence.
Registration: The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO(CRD42023445989).
Analysis on the Characteristics of unemployed or Jobless young and middle-aged adults of Hangzhou Psychological Aid Hotline
Authors: Wei Yating , Song Haidong
Published: September 2023

Objective: To explore the basic characteristics of young and middle-aged adults who are unemployed or jobless seeking psychological assistance on the hotline.
Methods: Data on general demographic information, types of concerns expressed during calls, and other relevant information were collected from young adults who sought assistance on the hotline in Hangzhou City from 2019 to 2022. The data were grouped and compared based on gender, age groups, and call time. The psychological well-being of the unemployed population was assessed by evaluating depressive symptoms and suicide risk.
Results: A total of 6,297 young adults who were unemployed or jobless seeking assistance were included in the study. Among them, 1.5% expressed suicidal ideation, 1.5% reported having a suicide plan, and 4.2% had engaged in suicidal behaviors. The proportion of severe depression (P＜0.001), suicidal ideation(P＜0.001), suicide planning (P＜0.001), and suicide attempts (P＜0.001)was higher among males compared to females. In the high-risk group, the proportion of males was significantly higher than females(P＜0.001). The proportion of severe depression, suicide risk, and high-risk individuals among young adults was significantly higher than that of middle-aged and older adults(P＜0.001). Significant differences were found in terms of the time of the calls, with a higher proportion of individuals with suicide plans(P＜0.001)、 individuals preparing to engage in suicidal behavior(P＜0.001)、high-risk individuals(P＜0.001) calling during the late night hours compared to the daytime.
Conclusion: Male, young adult group,and individuals calling during the late night hours seeking assistance have relatively poorer psychological well-being and higher suicide risk.
Impact of Interpregnancy Interval after Cesarean Section on Perinatal Outcomes in Multiparous Women of Advanced Maternal Age: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: zhou shengping , Dai Li , Xu Qin , Ye Lei , Wang Qi-Lin , Xia Wei , Zhou Rong
Published: September 2023

Background
This study aims to evaluate the impact of different interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) after a previous cesarean section on perinatal events in elderly multiparous women.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, multiparous women of advanced maternal age who had a previous cesarean section between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019, were included.IPI was defined as the duration between live birth and subsequent conception.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between variant IPIs (< 24 months, 60–119 months, and ≥ 120 months) and perinatal outcomes, with an IPI of 24–59 months as the reference group.The risks of anemia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus,placenta previa,premature rupture of membrane,uterine rupture and successful vaginal were compared among the 4 groups.
Results
We recorded a total of 591 births following cesarean delivery: 16, 89, 290, and 196 births in the IPI < 24 months, 24–59 months, 60–119 months, and ≥ 120 months groups, respectively.Women with an IPI of ≥ 120 months had a significantly higher incidence of gestational hypertension (6.1%, p<0.001) than the other three groups. In women with a prior cesarean delivery and an IPI< 24 months, there was an increased risk of incomplete uterine rupture (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.13–1.87) and low 1-minute Apgar scores (OR 1.55, 95% CI 0.45–4.63). The IPI did not impact the occurrence of incomplete uterine rupture in women with a history of emergency cesarean section.There was no significant association between the IPI and other adverse perinatal outcomes, such as anemia ,gestational diabetes mellitus,abnormal placental position, pernicious placenta, placenta accreta, placental abruption, postpartum hemorrhage, hysterectomy, or neonatal intensive care admission.An IPI < 24 months was associated with higher likelihood of premature rupture (OR 1.97, 95%CI 0.58–10.2).
Conclusion
Women with an IPI of ≥ 120 months had a higher rate of gestational hypertension compared to the other groups, while an IPI of < 24 months increased the risk of incomplete uterine rupture and low 1-minute Apgar scores.
Development software program for finding photovoltaic cell open circuit voltage and fill factor based on the photovoltaic cell one-diode equivalent circuit model
Authors: Adak Suleyman , Cangi Hasan
Published: September 2023

The fill factor is used to determine the quality of electricity generated by the photovoltaic cell.. Open circuit voltage in PV cell is the maximum voltage value that the cell can transmit. The analysis of PV cell fill factor and open circuit voltage was carried out with the developed software program. The PV cell is the smallest building block of the PV solar system and produces voltages between 0.5V and 0.7V. It acts as a current source in the equivalent circuit. The amount of radiation hitting the cell determines how much current it produces. The equivalent circuit of an ideal PV cell consists of a diode and a parallel current source. In order to express losses in applications, series and parallel resistance are added to the ideal equivalent circuit of the PV cell. There are many equivalent circuits in the literature for modeling the equivalent circuit of a PV cell. The single diode equivalent circuit is the most widely used model because of its simplicity and ease of analysis. In this study, Newton-Raphson method was used to find the equivalent circuit parameters of a PV cell. Then, the open circuit voltage and fill factor were found with the software program prepared in Matlab and given in Appendix A.
Exploring the Challenges and Problems of Learning and Teaching Chinese/Mandarin language to Undergraduate Students: Voices from Non-Chinese Speaker Teachers and Learners
Authors: Hao Pengfei , Li Fangfang
Published: September 2023

Chinese/Mandarin language teaching to undergraduate students from non-Chinese speaking countries has garnered significant attention due to China's prominent role in global political and economic dynamics. Mandarin, spoken by approximately 70% of Chinese speakers, is taught not only in China but also in other nations. Similar to teaching any second or foreign language, instructing Mandarin comes with its set of challenges, which, to the best of the researchers' knowledge, have not been thoroughly investigated. To delve into these challenges, we utilized a qualitative (phenomenological) research approach. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews involving 15 teachers and 20 learners of Mandarin language, who were selected through theoretical sampling. The interviews were transcribed into text files and subjected to qualitative data analysis using MAQDA software. The identified challenges and problems were categorized into four primary themes: linguistic, educational, psychological, and social/political. The implications of these findings could be valuable for Chinese/Mandarin language policymakers, educators, curriculum designers, and learners.
Artificial neural networks application on average and stagnation Nusselt number prediction for impingement cooling of flat plate with helically coiled air jet
Authors: Fawaz H. E. , Osama Mostafa M. , Maghrabie Hussein M.
Published: September 2023

Graphical Abstract Abstract In order to estimate the average and stagnation Nusselt numbers for turbulent flow for impingement cooling of a flat plate with a helically coiled air jet, a new artificial neural network (ANN) model is presented in the present study. A new dataset of stagnation and average Nusselt numbers as a function of Reynolds number (Re) varied from 5000 to 30000, nozzle plate spacing ratio changed from 2 to 8, and jet helical angle varied from 0 to 60 degrees was created based on an experimental investigation. The ANN structure composed of three layers with hidden neurons of 14-10-8. The training process comprises feed-forward propagation of the selected input parameters, back-propagation with biases and weight adjustments, and loss function evaluation for the training and validation datasets. The activation function of the output layer is a linear function, and the rectified linear unit activation function is utilized in the hidden layers. The adaptive moment estimation algorithm(ADAM) is employed to minimize the loss function to accelerate the ANN training. To prevent an increase in training time caused by the marked discrepancy in the gradients of loss function considering the values of the weights, the “MinMax” normalization strategy was used. For the ANN model, the mean absolute percent error values were 2.35% for the average Nusselt number and 2.52% for the stagnation Nusselt number. As a result, greater accuracy was obtained as compared to generalized correlations. According to the comparison of projected data with the outcomes of earlier experiments, the derived model’s performance was validated and the findings showed outstanding accuracy.
Trajectory tracking control method of mobile manipulator based on recurrent neural network
Authors: Liu Haotian
Published: September 2023

In order to solve the problem of time optimal trajectory planning of manipulator joint space, a planning method combining improved B-spline curve and optimized search strategy bee colony algorithm is proposed. On the basis of dynamic motion primitives, an improved coupling term is added to realize obstacle avoidance of the manipulator, and then the constraints on speed and acceleration are converted into constraints on time scaling factor, and the improved update law is used to meet the dynamic constraints of the manipulator, so a dynamic motion primitives obstacle avoidance trajectory planning method based on dynamic constraints is proposed, and the feasibility of the method is verified by simulation and physical experiments. Based on the bee colony algorithm, the Gaussian scaling factor is used to adjust the learning degree of leading bees to the optimal solution, which ensures that the larger probability approaches the optimal solution, and the larger probability expands outward to increase diversity; Triangular mutation is used to improve the honey source search strategy of the following bees, and the optimized search strategy bee colony algorithm is proposed based on the above methods. Finally, the trajectory tracking algorithm of the manipulator is established to complete the trajectory tracking of the manipulator. Experimental results show that the method has good tracking effect and small tracking error.
Pseudomonas oryzisoli sp. nov., isolated from the soil of rice fields
Authors: Zang Meng , Ma Zhen-Hua , Wu Shi-Hua , Xu Yu-lei , Yi Yi , Niu Fu-Xing , Long Xiu-Feng
Published: September 2023

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and aerobic bacterium Z8T, was isolated from rice fields. It hydrolyses starch and urea, reduces nitrate, and is Tween-20, -40, and − 80, peroxidase and oxidase positive. It grows best at 35°C, 0.0–1.0% NaCl, and pH 7.0. The primary fatty acids found in the membrane are C16:0, C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c, and C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The predominant quinone system is ubiquinone-9. Strain Z8T is most closely related to Pseudomonas khazarica TBZ2T (98.59%) and Pseudomonas guguanensis JCM 18416T (98.35%) according to similarity and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA. The genome of strain Z8T comprises 4,468,130 bp, G + C content is 62.95%. The average nucleotide identity with strains of genus Pseudomonas is 77.73–89.05%, dDDH values between Z8T and genus Pseudomonas is 21.90–36.20%. Based on the polyphasic analysis, a novel species with the name Pseudomonas oryzisoli sp. nov. is proposed, and type strain is Z8T (= CCTCC AB2022325T = JCM 35791T).
Activation in the Swallowing Network by task-based fMRI: a seed-based Functional Connectivity Study
Authors: Chen Meiyuan , Chen Yi , Wang Xiaochuan , Ye Xiaojun , Huang Ziyang , Wu Wenjie
Published: September 2023

Background
Task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an effective method for noninvasively studying brain activity. We aim to find representative brain areas of the swallowing movement and compare the functional connectivity differences in these areas.
Methods
A total of 23 participants were recruited to undergo task-based fMRI scans. Subject-level statistical analysis and group-level activation analysis were conducted using SPM12. Seed-based Functional Connectivity (FC) analyses were conducted to construct FC in brain level. We used the two-sample t-test to identify distinctive FC patterns in various seeds. The relationship between FC values and swallowing frequency was also explored.
Results
In experiment I, activation patterns were observed in swallowing-related brain regions in the 30-second saliva swallowing trial task, but not in 18s-on task at the group level. The peak voxels and coordinates of brain regions activated by saliva swallowing in experiment II were used as the seeds in resting-state fMRI FC analysis. Two sample t-tests showed that the seed located in right pericentral area (Seed3) had significantly more intensive FC than the seed located in cingulum (Seed5) in left postcentral gyrus, the seed located in left pericentral area(Seed4) had significantly more intensive FC than the seeds located in cerebellum(Seed1,Seed2) or in cingulum(Seed5) in right postcentral gyrus, Seed5 had significantly more intensive FC than Seed1,Seed2,Seed4 in right middle frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus and left supplementary motor area separately. No significant positive or negative correlations between swallowing frequency and FC values were found based on Seed 3,4,5.
Conclusions
Saliva swallowing trail task with self-paced rhythm in sufficient time can activate the swallowing-related brain regions effectively. The activation peaks in the bilateral pericentral area are representative in the swallowing process and could be new therapeutic targets for poststroke dysphagia instead of traditional route.
Trial registration number (TRN)
ChiCTR2100054835; Date of registration: 28 December 2021. https://www.chictr.org.cn/
Clinical Relevance of Somatic Mutations in Chinese Lung Adenocarcinoma and Their Prognostic Implications for Survival
Authors: Li Tongxin , Liu Jie , Zhou Yu , Huang Shengyuan , Wang Dong , Chen Jianrong , Fu Yong , He Ping
Published: September 2023

Background: To comprehensively elucidate the genomic and mutational features of LUAD, it is imperative to conduct ongoing investigations into the genomic landscape. In this study, we aim to analyze the somatic mutation profile and assessed the significance of these informative genes utilizing a retrospective LUAD cohort.
Methods: A total of 247 Chinese samples were analyzed to exhibit the tumor somatic genomic alterations in patients with LUAD. The Cox regression analysis was employed to identify prognosis-related genes and establish a predictive model for stratifying patients with LUAD.
Results: In the Dianjiang People's Hospital (DPH) cohort, the top five frequent mutated genes were EGFR (68%), TP53 (30%), RBM10 (13%), LRP1B (9%), and KRAS (9%). Of which, EGFR is a mostly altered driver gene and most mutation sites locate in tyrosine kinase regions. Oncogene pathway alteration and mutation signature analysis demonstrated the RTK-RAS pathway alteration and smoking were the main carcinogenic factors of the DPH cohort. Furthermore, we identified 34 driver genes in the DPH cohort, including EGFR (68%), TP53 (30.4%), RBM10 (12.6%), KRAS (8.5%), LRP1B (8.5%), and so on, and 45 Clinical Characteristic-Related Genes (CCRGs) were found to closely related to the clinical high-risk factors.
We developed an MPGM risk model by integrating critical genes and oncogenic pathway alterations in LUAD patients from the DPH cohort. Based on publicly available LUAD datasets, we identified five genes, including BRCA2, ALK, BRAF, EGFR, and PDGFRA according to the multivariable Cox regression analysis. The MPGM-Low group showed significantly better overall survival (OS) compared to the MPGM-High group (P<0.0001, AUC=0.754). The robust performance was validated in 55 LUAD patients from the DPH cohort and another LUAD dataset. Immune characteristics analysis revealed a higher proportion of primarily DCs and mononuclear cells in the MPGM-Low risk group, while the MPGM-High risk group showed lower immune cells and higher tumor cell infiltration.
Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive genomic landscape of Chinese LUAD patients and developsan MPGM risk model for LUAD prognosis stratification. Further follow-up will be performed for the patients in the DPH cohort consistently to explore the resistance and prognosis genetic features.
Data-driven estimation of scalar quantities from planar velocity measurements by deep learning applied to temperature in thermal convection
Authors: Teutsch Philipp , Käufer Theo , Mäder Patrick , Cierpka Christian
Published: September 2023

The measurement of the transport of scalar quantities within flows is oftentimes laborious, difficult or even unfeasible. On the other hand, velocity measurement techniques are very advanced and give high-resolution, high-fidelity experimental data. Hence, we explore the capabilities of a deep learning model to predict the scalar quantity, in our case temperature, from measured velocity data. Our method is purely data-driven and based on the u-net architecture and, therefore, well suited for planar experimental data. We demonstrate the applicability of the u-net on experimental temperature and velocity data, measured in large aspect ratio Rayleigh-Bénard convection at Pr = 7.1 and Ra = 2 × 105 , 4 × 105 , 7 × 105. We conduct a hyper-parameter optimization and ablation study to ensure appropriate training convergence and test different architectural variations for the u-net. We test two application scenarios that are of interest to experimentalists. One, in which the u-net is trained with data of the same experimental run and one in which the u-net is trained on data of different Ra. Our analysis shows that the u-net can predict temperature fields similar to the measurement data and preserves typical spatial structure sizes. Moreover, the analysis of the heat transfer associated with the temperature showed good agreement when the u-net is trained with data of the same experimental run. The relative difference between measured and reconstructed local heat transfer of the system characterized by the Nusselt number Nu is between 0.3% and 14.1% depending on Ra. We conclude that deep learning has the potential to supplement measurements and can partially alleviate the expense of additional measurement of the scalar quantity.
Utilizing Sequence Transformation of Selective Copper Metal as an Efficient Heterogeneous Fenton-like Catalyst for the Degradation of Aqueous Methylene Blue
Authors: Ahmed Harez Rashid , Mustafa Fryad S. , Aziz Kosar Hikmat Hama , Hinder Steven John
Published: September 2023

This article elucidates the pivotal role of catalysts in effecting the selective deposition of copper metal onto carbon black extracted from discarded tires via the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technique. The CVD process involves intricate chemical interactions between gaseous constituents, facilitating the formation of thin coatings on substrate surfaces. This method, noted for generating materials of elevated purity, density, and strength, has gained prominence in diverse sectors including heterogeneous catalysis. Selective Metal by Chemical Vapor Deposition (SMCVD) represents an augmentation approach for fabricating nanomaterials on thermally delicate substrates, leveraging suitable metal catalysts. These catalysts not only facilitate deposition at notably low temperatures but also yield high-purity films. The study presents empirical evidence of proficient synthesis of selective metal heterogeneous catalysts through CVD. Furthermore, the application of SMCVD as an economical means for large-scale production of pristine carbon black from tire waste is delineated. Given the pertinence of curbing organic dye pollution for ecological and human well-being, the article underscores the promise of heterogeneous Fenton oxidation as a remediation technique. This involves the removal of organic pollutants and is reliant on Fenton-like catalysts. The study details the creation of such catalysts (Cu-CB) via the CVD deposition of copper metal onto carbon black derived from discarded tires. The resultant Cu-CB catalyst finds utility as a stimulant for H2O2 in Fenton-like degradation, particularly of aqueous methyl blue (MB), a prototypical organic pollutant, across a broad pH spectrum. Empirical investigations encompassing variables such as pH, Cu-CB concentration, H2O2 dosage, and initial MB concentration were conducted to discern their influence on MB removal. Remarkably, degradation efficiencies of up to 97% were achieved within 30 minutes under near-neutral pH conditions, employing 100 mg/L of H2O2 and 0.075 g/L of Cu-CB. Moreover, the reusability of Cu-CB for multiple cycles, alongside a facile regeneration process devoid of supplementary chemicals, underscores its practical efficacy. The article encompasses a suite of analytical techniques—FESEM, EDS, BET surface analysis, XRD, FTIR, and XPS—to characterize the developed catalyst. A scavenging assay affirms the pivotal role of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) as the chief reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for MB degradation. In summation, the study presents an innovative catalyst design strategy, exemplified by the heterogeneous Cu-CB/H2O2 system, with promising implications for organic dye wastewater treatment.
Comparative in vivo characterization of newly discovered myotropic adeno-associated vectors
Authors: Ji Jacqueline , Lefebvre Elise , Laporte Jocelyn
Published: September 2023

Background
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy is a promising strategy to cure muscle diseases. However, this strategy is currently confronted with challenges, including a lack of transduction efficiency across the entire muscular system and toxicity resulting from off-target tissue effects. Recently, novel myotropic AAVs named MyoAAVs and AAVMYOs have been discovered using a directed evolution approach, all separately demonstrating enhanced muscle transduction efficiency and liver de-targeting effects. However, these newly discovered AAV variants have not yet been compared.
Methods
In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of these various AAV9-derived vectors under the same experimental conditions following different injection time points in two distinct mouse strains.
Results
We highlighted MyoAAV2A as the best candidate for leg muscle and heart transduction and AAVMYO for diaphragm transduction and liver de-targeting. Of note, these efficiencies were found to depend both on age at injection and mouse genetic background.
Conclusions
Our study provides guidance for researchers aiming to establish proof-of-concept approaches for preventive or curative perspectives in mouse models, to ultimately lead to future clinical trials for muscle disorders.
Mental illness among refugee arrivals: Examining rates of DSM-V diagnoses, predictors, and patterns of engagement in U.S. Resettlement Programs
Authors: Hilado Aimee , Bond Melissa
Published: September 2023

Purpose
This article examines the prevalence of clinically significant mental disorders among 446 newly arrived refugees receiving clinical services through a U.S. Refugee Resettlement organization’s mental health program. Of the analytic sample, a subsample of 197 refugees received onsite psychiatric services in the same resettlement program. The paper answers two questions: First, what predicts enrollment in psychiatric care among refugee arrivals identified in resettlement programs? Second, how do refugees receiving psychiatric care navigate other clinical and non-clinical resettlement services?
Methods
Using logistic regression modeling, the study examined the prevalence of schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder, adjustment disorder, and other covariates that predict psychiatric care enrollment and levels of refugee engagement in clinical and resettlement services broadly.
Results
Presenting problems of PTSD (b = 1.094, t(371) = 2.94, OR = 2.985, p = .003) and schizophrenia (b = 2.932, t(371) = − 2.73, OR = 18.760, p = .006) were each associated with an increased likelihood of enrollment in psychiatric services. Refugees from African nations (b = − 1.076, t(371) = − 2.85, OR = 0.341, p = .005) were about 66% less likely to be enrolled in psychiatric care than were refugees from the Middle East. Receiving the general adjustment presenting problem flag (b = − 2.569, t(371) = − 7.09, OR = 0.077, p < .001) was also associated with a decreased likelihood of psychiatric care enrollment.
Conclusion
The findings provide directions for addressing mental illness within resettlement context and considerations for providing psychiatric care to culturally-diverse refugee arrivals.
A monthly gridded burned area database of national wildland fire data (ONFIRE)
Authors: Gincheva Andrina , Pausas Juli G. , Edwards Andrew , Provenzale Antonello , Cerdà Artemi , Hanes Chelene , Royé Dominic , Chuvieco Emilio , Mouillot Florent , Vissio Gabriele , Rodrigo Jesús , Bedía Joaquin , Abatzoglou John T. , González José María Senciales , Short Karen C. , Baudena Mara , Llasat Maria Carmen , Magnani Marta , Boer Matthias M. , González Mauro E. , Torres-Vázquez Miguel Ángel , Fiorucci Paolo , Jacklyn Peter , Libonati Renata , Trigo Ricardo M. , Herrera Sixto , Jerez Sonia , Wang Xianli , Turco Marco
Published: September 2023

We assembled the first gridded burned area (BA) database of national wildfire data (ONFIRE), a comprehensive and integrated resource for researchers, non-government organisations, and government agencies analysing wildfires in various regions of the Earth. We extracted and harmonised records from different regions and sources using open and reproducible methods, providing data in a common framework for the whole period available (starting from 1950 in Australia, 1959 in Canada, 1985 in Chile, 1980 in Europe and 1984 in the United States) up to 2021 on a common 1° × 1° grid. The data originate from national agencies (often, ground mapping), thus representing the best local expert knowledge. Key opportunities and limits in using this dataset are discussed as well as possible future expansions of this open-source approach should be explored. This dataset complements existing gridded BA data based on remote sensing and offers a valuable opportunity to better understand and assess fire regime changes, and their drivers, in these regions. The ONFIRE database can be freely accessed at https://zenodo.org/record/8289245.
Factors influencing missed opportunities for vaccination among children aged 0-23 months within the Hohoe Municipality: A facility-based study.
Authors: Otoo David Mensah , Ahaibor Seth Yao
Published: September 2023

Background
Immunization is a crucial public health strategy for increasing child survival by directly addressing major diseases that kill children as well as serving as a foundation for other health services. Every year, more than 31 million children under the age of five in sub-Saharan Africa are affected by diseases that are preventable by vaccination and more than half a million pass away because they lack access to the needed vaccines. Missed Opportunities for Vaccination (MOV) hinder Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 which seeks to guarantee healthy lives and promote well-being for all ages from being reached. The study sought to determine the factors impeding MOV among caregivers with children aged 0-23 months in the Hohoe municipality.
Methods
A cross-sectional design was deployed in the study. Structured questionnaires were administered to caregivers with children aged 0-23 months within the sampled health facilities in the Hohoe municipality using registers from the child welfare clinic (CWC). A total of 378 caregivers between the ages of 18 years and above were recruited to participate in the study. Kobo Collect version 1.30.1 was used for data collection and was exported into an Excel format for analysis using STATA version 16.
Results
A total of 378 caregivers with children aged 0-23 months participated in this study. The study found the prevalence of MOV to be (22.2%). The mean ±standard deviation (SD) of the knowledge scores was 1.8 ± 0.4 and the attitude score was 1.6 ± 0.5. Most caregivers (80%) had poor knowledge on immunisation and more than half (63.8%) showed a positive attitude towards immunisation despite their poor knowledge. Multivariate analysis revealed that caregivers’ knowledge [cOR= 2.14(1.05,4.38) p<0.001] and attitude [aOR=3.12(1.81,5.37) p<0.001] were predictors of MOV.
Conclusion
MOV is prevalent in many settings and it impedes immunisation coverage. Knowledge and attitude of caregivers were associated with missed opportunities. Findings from the study showed a high proportion of caregivers with poor knowledge regardless of their good attitude towards infant vaccination. Hence, there is a need to intensify strategies to raise their knowledge to help combat missed opportunities in the Hohoe municipality.
Unveiling The Dataoppolies through Indonesia and The United Kingdom’s Eyes
Authors: Ardella Valencia
Published: September 2023

Digitalization has not only brought the advantages, but also drawbacks. One of the drawbacks can be in the form of potential challenges to competition law that was established in the conservative era. The United Kingdom is one of the states that has been alert to the issue of monopoly in the digital era. Therefore, the paper will take a comprehensive comparison to measure Indonesia’s and the United Kingdom’s measures in preparing its competition authorities to embattle data-driven monopoly. The outcome of the paper will be a reflection to be more alert to drawbacks in the digital market, especially data-driven monopoly.
Digital Transformation of the Higher Education System: Directions and Risks
Authors: Mikheev S. A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose of research. The higher education system is undergoing changes under the influence of an increasing number of IT solutions used. Transformation changes take place at the organizational, technological, legal, and regulatory levels of management. Each of the directions affects the features of the functioning and development of the higher education system. In the 

process of their implementation, there are also deviations, risks that need to be, if not eliminated, then at least minimized. The article describes four main directions of development: technical, technological, instrumental, and educational. The types of risks associated with each of the described areas are also highlighted.

Materials and methods. A set of methods was used in the paper: bibliographic (selection of articles by keywords); bibliometric (quantitative characteristics by time parameters); content analysis (method of studying the content of articles); evaluation of keyword queries using Internet services.

Results. An analysis of queries by keywords showed that interest in the issues of digitalization and digital transformation of higher education arose later than in the system of general secondary education. There is a tendency to adapt successful models of digitalization of secondary education and business areas to the activities of the higher education system. Without considering the peculiarities of the functioning and development of the higher education system, we can get negative consequences expressed in different types of risks. The paper highlights financial, form-major, technological, operational, strategic, cognitive, and social risks.

Conclusion. One of the key problems highlighted in the process of analyzing developments in the field of digital transformation of the education system is the consideration of digitalization as means, and not as a catalyst for systemic changes in all areas of activity. Point solutions will not allow you to fully realize the potential of digital solutions. When considering the problems of digitalization and digital transformation, higher education systems are often guided by successful models in the field of secondary general education and / or business environment, which can contribute to the formation of negative consequences when adapting approaches without considering their own specifics.