bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognition Insect Images at the Order Level Based on Elliptic Metric Learning
Authors: Bao Wenxia , Qiu Xiang , Liang Dong , Hu Gensheng , Huang Linsheng , Shen Jiankun
Published: February 2021

Highlights

Insect order recognition.

Space transformation combined with elliptic metric.

Feature fusion with the Relief-F for the sliding window feature and HOG feature.

The recognition accuracy of insect images at the order level is 95.8%.

Abstract. The accurate recognition of insects is crucial for the protection and management of crops, vegetables, and fruit trees. This study proposes a recognition algorithm for insect images at the order level based on elliptic metric learning to improve the accuracy of the recognition. The nonlinear transformation that reflects the space structure or semantic information of insect image features is determined via elliptic metric learning. Then, the model for the potential relationship among insect image features is built. This model reduces the distance between same-order features but increases the distance between different-order features, improving the discriminative performance of classifiers. In elliptic metric learning, the regular term of the Frobenius norm is added to the triple constraint function to avoid overfitting and improve generalization ability. Moreover, to weaken the effects of image scale, rotation, and other changes on the recognition result, the sliding window method is used to extract the HSV color feature and the scale-invariant local ternary pattern texture feature of insect images. The feature vector is formed by gathering the maximum value of the features in the same horizontal sliding window. The features of the histogram of oriented gradients are also extracted from the images. Then, the optimized features are gained using the Relief-F algorithm. The results of the experiment on insect images at nine order levels show that the proposed method can significantly improve the recognition accuracy of insect images at the order level. Keywords: Elliptic metric, Insect images at the order level, Object recognition, Triple constraint, Regular term.
Performance Optimization of a Newly Designed Dynamic Fluidic Sprinkler
Authors: Zhu Xingye , Fordjour Alexander , Yuan Shouqi , Dwomoh Frank Agyen , Issaka Zakaria
Published: February 2021

Highlights

The results confirmed that the optimal combination of structural parameters was achieved with the factor combination of 25 mm length of the tube, 150 kPa pressure, 3 mm diameter of the tube, and 5 mm nozzle diameter.

The influencing factors in decreasing order of importance were: working pressure, length of the tube, and nozzle diameter for coefficient of uniformity, and nozzle diameter working pressure and diameter of the tube for range.

Droplet velocities from test 7 ranged between 0 and 6.0 m/s, while that from test 2 was slightly larger, ranging from 0 to 6.7 m/s under low-pressure conditions.

ABSTRACT: To select the appropriate combination of the factors for the dynamic fluidic sprinkler, hydraulic performance tests at low pressure were conducted. The main structural parameters in this study were the length of the tube (L), pressure (H), the diameter of the tube (M), nozzle diameter (N), they are represented by factors A, B, C, and D, respectively. An orthogonal array with four factors and three levels was selected, and the direct analysis technique was used to analyze the test data. The droplets and velocities data of the sprinkler were obtained by a Thies Clima Laser Precipitation Monitor. MATLAB R20014a software was used to calculate the simulated coefficient of uniformity (CU). The results showed that the optimum values of the structural parameters were: the length of the tube (25 mm), the working pressure (150 kPa), the diameter of the tube (3 mm), and the nozzle diameter (5 mm). The factors affecting coefficient of uniformity and range, in decreasing order of importance were nozzle diameter, pressure, length of the tube, and the diameter of the tube. The highest coefficient of uniformity obtained was 91% when the length of the tube was 25 mm. Droplet sizes decreased with the increase of pressure. Droplet size ranging from 0.1 to 4 mm was obtained under test 7 with a mean droplet size of 0.38 mm. The study can give a reference to the operation for saving water in sprinkler irrigated fields. Keywords: Droplet, Dynamic fluidic sprinkler, Orthogonal test, Structural parameter, Uniformity, Velocity.
Effect of TiO2 Loading, Water Depth and Light Intensity on Photo-Disinfection Efficacy of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Using TiO2 NP-Embedded Cellulose Acetate Film in Water
Authors: Xie Jing , Hung Yen-Con
Published: February 2021

Highlights

Photo-disinfection using TiO2 NP-embedded CA film showed great potential.

TiO2 loading, water depth, and light intensity affected TiO2 photo-disinfection.

Bacterial reduction can be predicted based on water depth and light intensity.

Durability of the TiO2 NP-embedded CA film has been demonstrated.

Abstract. Photocatalysis disinfection has great potential for food and water safety applications. TiO2 NP-embedded cellulose acetate (CA) film has shown effectiveness in inactivating Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 in water. This study evaluated the effect of several operational parameters such as TiO2 load, light intensity, and water depth on photo-disinfection efficacy of TiO2 NP-embedded CA film. Effect of TiO2 load on photocatalysis disinfection efficacy was investigated by assessing the disinfection rate of the films at different TiO2 levels in inoculated water at a weak UV-A light intensity. The individual and interaction effects of light intensity and water depth on photocatalysis disinfection were evaluated using the response surface methodology (RSM). Based on a central composite design, 13 runs of experiments were conducted with the combination of the two factors at three levels. The effect of film size on photo-disinfection efficacy was also investigated. Results showed that CA film with a TiO2 load of 0.82 mg/cm2 yielded the highest disinfection rate. An empirical model was established to predict the effect of light intensity and water depth on bacterial reduction with a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.98). An increased water depth or a decreased light intensity reduced photo-inactivation efficacy. A 5 log reduction was achieved during a 3-h treatment at a light intensity of 1 mW/cm2 and water depth at 1.6 cm. The photo-disinfection efficacy of the film was not significantly (p>0.05) affected by film size. The CA film was able to maintain antimicrobial efficacy after four repeated uses. Results from this study demonstrated that UV-A assisted photo-disinfection using TiO2 NP-embedded CA film has great potential to inactivate pathogens in water. Keywords: Cellulose Acetate, E. coli O157:H7, Photocatalysis, TiO2 nanoparticles, Water Treatment.
Continuous-wave cascaded second Stokes diamond Raman laser at 1477  nm
Authors: Heinzig Matthias , Palma-Vega Gonzalo , Yildiz Benjamin , Walbaum Till , Schreiber Thomas , Tünnermann Andreas
Published: February 2021

We report a high brightness cascaded Stokes diamond Raman laser with a diffraction limited beam quality pumped by an Yd-doped fiber laser. The Raman laser operated at 1477 nm and reached an output power of 63 W with 214 W pump power in continuous-wave mode. Conversion efficiency over 30% was achieved using a single pump pass concentric cavity that was highly resonant at the first Stokes and had high outcoupling at the second Stokes (45%). Thermal limitations were investigated as well as the temporal behavior of the first and second Stokes intra-cavity power.
Flexible wavelength generation from a Yb-doped fiber laser incorporating multifunctional acousto-optic tunable filter
Authors: Yue Wenjie , Chen Tao , Kong Wei , Ji Zhongpeng , Yin Lu , Huang Genghua , He Zhiping , Shu Rong
Published: February 2021

We have demonstrated a Yb-doped fiber laser (YDFL) based on a multifunctional acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) with flexible wavelength generation capability. The number of channels, as well as their diffracted wavelengths and corresponding peak transmittances of the AOTF, can be widely tuned by changing the composite drive signal from a homemade arbitrary wave generation (AWG) board enabling single-/multi-wavelength lasing with different central wavelengths and relative intensities. The maximal wavelength tuning range and minimal resolved wavelength spacing are

∼

80

n
m

and

∼

1.5

n
m

, respectively, with 3 dB bandwidth less than 0.15 nm for each laser line, showing great potential for further nonlinear frequency conversion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of flexible wavelength generation from a multifunctional AOTF-based YDFL directly driven by an AWG board.
Fully room temperature and label free biosensing based on an ink-jet printed polymer microdisk laser
Authors: Nasir Abdul , Mikami Yuya , Yatabe Rui , Yoshioka Hiroaki , Vasa Nilesh , Oki Yuji
Published: February 2021

Materials with biomolecule-compatible functional groups are desirable for the fabrication of microdisk lasers used in bio-sensing applications. In this study, a microdisk laser was fabricated using a low-viscosity hyper branched polymer FC-V-50 using ink-jet printing, and was surface-modified at room temperature within a relatively short time compared to conventional methods. The carboxyl functional group of the FC-V-50 polymer was used for surface modification and biotinylation. The adsorption characteristics of the microdisk laser were evaluated using bovine serum albumin, avidin, and streptavidin. This study reports the first demonstration of label-free biosensing using the FC-V-50 polymer-based microdisk laser.
Quantification of fibroblast growth factor 23 and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide to identify patients with atrial fibrillation using a high-throughput platform: A validation study
Authors: Chua Winnie , Law Jonathan P. , Cardoso Victor R. , Purmah Yanish , Neculau Georgiana , Jawad-Ul-Qamar Muhammad , Russell Kalisha , Turner Ashley , Tull Samantha P. , Nehaj Frantisek , Brady Paul , Kastner Peter , Ziegler André , Gkoutos Georgios V. , Pavlovic Davor , Ferro Charles J. , Kirchhof Paulus , Fabritz Larissa
Published: February 2021

Background

Large-scale screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) requires reliable methods to identify at-risk populations. Using an experimental semi-quantitative biomarker assay, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were recently identified as the most suitable biomarkers for detecting AF in combination with simple morphometric parameters (age, sex, and body mass index [BMI]). In this study, we validated the AF model using standardised, high-throughput, high-sensitivity biomarker assays.

Methods and findings

For this study, 1,625 consecutive patients with either (1) diagnosed AF or (2) sinus rhythm with CHA2DS2-VASc score of 2 or more were recruited from a large teaching hospital in Birmingham, West Midlands, UK, between September 2014 and February 2018. Seven-day ambulatory ECG monitoring excluded silent AF. Patients with tachyarrhythmias apart from AF and incomplete cases were excluded. AF was diagnosed according to current clinical guidelines and confirmed by ECG. We developed a high-throughput, high-sensitivity assay for FGF23, quantified plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and FGF23, and compared results to the previously used multibiomarker research assay. Data were fitted to the previously derived model, adjusting for differences in measurement platforms and known confounders (heart failure and chronic kidney disease). In 1,084 patients (46% with AF; median [Q1, Q3] age 70 [60, 78] years, median [Q1, Q3] BMI 28.8 [25.1, 32.8] kg/m2, 59% males), patients with AF had higher concentrations of NT-proBNP (median [Q1, Q3] per 100 pg/ml: with AF 12.00 [4.19, 30.15], without AF 4.25 [1.17, 15.70];p <0.001) and FGF23 (median [Q1, Q3] per 100 pg/ml: with AF 1.93 [1.30, 4.16], without AF 1.55 [1.04, 2.62];p <0.001). Univariate associations remained after adjusting for heart failure and estimated glomerular filtration rate, known confounders of NT-proBNP and FGF23. The fitted model yielded a C-statistic of 0.688 (95% CI 0.656, 0.719), almost identical to that of the derived model (C-statistic 0.691; 95% CI 0.638, 0.744). The key limitation is that this validation was performed in a cohort that is very similar demographically to the one used in model development, calling for further external validation.

Conclusions

Age, sex, and BMI combined with elevated NT-proBNP and elevated FGF23, quantified on a high-throughput platform, reliably identify patients with AF.

Trial registration

Registry IRAS ID 97753 Health Research Authority (HRA), United Kingdom
Heat-stability study of various insulin types in tropical temperature conditions: New insights towards improving diabetes care
Authors: Kaufmann Beatrice , Boulle Philippa , Berthou Flavien , Fournier Margot , Beran David , Ciglenecki Iza , Townsend Malcolm , Schmidt Guillaume , Shah Maya , Cristofani Susanna , Cavailler Philippe , Foti Michelangelo , Scapozza Leonardo
Published: February 2021

Strict storage recommendations for insulin are difficult to follow in hot tropical regions and even more challenging in conflict and humanitarian emergency settings, adding an extra burden to the management of people with diabetes. According to pharmacopeia unopened insulin vials must be stored in a refrigerator (2–8°C), while storage at ambient temperature (25–30°C) is usually permitted for the 4-week usage period during treatment. In the present work we address a critical question towards improving diabetes care in resource poor settings, namely whether insulin is stable and retains biological activity in tropical temperatures during a 4-week treatment period. To answer this question, temperature fluctuations were measured in Dagahaley refugee camp (Northern Kenya) using log tag recorders. Oscillating temperatures between 25 and 37°C were observed. Insulin heat stability was assessed under these specific temperatures which were precisely reproduced in the laboratory. Different commercialized formulations of insulin were quantified weekly by high performance liquid chromatography and the results showed perfect conformity to pharmacopeia guidelines, thus confirming stability over the assessment period (four weeks). Monitoring the 3D-structure of the tested insulin by circular dichroism confirmed that insulin monomer conformation did not undergo significant modifications. The measure of insulin efficiency on insulin receptor (IR) and Akt phosphorylation in hepatic cells indicated that insulin bioactivity of the samples stored at oscillating temperature during the usage period is identical to that of the samples maintained at 2–8°C. Taken together, these results indicate that insulin can be stored at such oscillating ambient temperatures for the usual four–week period of use. This enables the barrier of cold storage during use to be removed, thereby opening up the perspective for easier management of diabetes in humanitarian contexts and resource poor settings.
Childhoods in transition: Mediating ‘in-between spaces’
Authors: Neag Annamária , Berger Richard
Published: February 2021

This editorial serves as an introduction to the Special Issue titled ‘Childhoods in Transition – Mediating “In-Between Spaces”’. The thematic issue was conceived in an effort to conceptualize and explore the topic of ‘in-between spaces’ from the point of view of media and communication studies. The contributions presented in this Special Issue offer a complex view of what it means today to live a childhood in transition and how digital and social media can have a deep impact on the ‘in-between spaces’ the young people inhabit. From children in migration to queer youth and from Snapchat to minority language media, this Special Issue offers an international and interdisciplinary perspective on the inextricably linked issues of media use, identity and becoming.
Snapchat: A space for intimate and boundary-pushing transactions
Authors: Krogager Stinne Gunder Strøm , Degn Hans-Peter
Published: February 2021

This article explores how young adults negotiate gender relations and intimate boundaries through the smartphone app, Snapchat. We build on an empirical study based on interviews and a quantitative questionnaire distributed among young Danes. Our findings suggest that the key affordance of Snapchat (its default deletion) creates ‘in between spaces’ as it incites a high degree of boundary-pushing content. The way the content pushes boundaries varies across genders, but a common characteristic is that the content is more intimate and with less facade than what is usually shared on other social media. At the same time, we find that young males and females to some extend use Snapchat in different ways and with different kinds of content, though for the same overall purpose; Snapchat constitutes their ‘in between space’ where they can test boundaries and uphold social relations by exchanging personal, unveiled behind-the-facade content.
Estimation Analysis and Mapping the Need for ‘Agen Perisai’ in Expanding the Membership of BP Jamsostek (A Case Study of West Java Province, Indonesia)
Authors: Aini Yulinda Nurul
Published: February 2021

Social security is one indicator of human development efforts to achieve Indonesia's 2045 vision plan. One of the challenges in social security is the limited coverage and involvement of the population. In 2019, data of the BP Jamsostek West Java Province showed that the involvement of workers in the informal sector in social security was still low (around 3%). One of the efforts to increase the participation of informal workers is through Perisai agents. However, the number of active agents in West Java Province was still low and not comparable to the number of informal workers which reached 10 million people. Meanwhile in 2024, the government is targeting the participation of informal workers to be around 30% and universal coverage by 2029. For this reason, this article will form a scenario for estimating the need for Perisai agents to achieve universal coverage for informal worker participation. Based on the result, if the government want to achieve the target of 30% of informal workers' participation in 2024, the best scenario is to recruit 626 agents, while to achieve the universal coverage participation in 2029, the need for agents is 928 people. The highest agent needs are in the agriculture, wholesale trade, and accommodation sector. According to regency/city, the highest demand for agents is in the regencies of Bogor, Bandung, Garut, and Sukabumi. Furthermore, the mapping results by sector and regency/city can be used by relevant stakeholders to help formulate a Perisai agent recruitment policy to achieve universal coverage of BP Jamsostek membership in the coming year.
Negotiating Soundscape: Practice and Regulation of Adzan in Indonesia
Authors: Pratisti Siti Aliyuna
Published: February 2021

This article explores the historical context of practice and regulation of Adzan in Indonesia. As historical underpinnings, this article will follow a structural timeline of post-independence Indonesia to the current development of the state’s regulations of Adzan. To understand the social context of Adzan, Schafer’s conception of Soundmark and Hirschkind’s ethical soundscapes will be employed as theoretical framework to analyze how Indonesian (government and civil society) negotiates social tension caused by the use of loudspeaker in Indonesian mosques. Government regulations will be used as primary sources, while newspaper, journal and websites, provide additional information on the practice and regulations of Adzan in Indonesia. This article, however, will limit its study to the historical and social aspect of Adzan. Discussion on the theological aspect will not be covered by this article.
PROBLEM SEMANTIS DAN SOLUSI PEMAHAMAN MULTIKULTURALISME, INTERKULTURALISME, DAN CROSS-CULTURAL
Authors: Huda Sokhi
Published: February 2021

A semantic problem arises around the terms Multiculturalism, Interculturalism, and Cross-Cultural. The first two terms are involved in intensive discussion, while the last term tends to be in the realm of praxis. Semantic problems begin with Multiculturalism as a term that has many meanings. This problem received a response in the form of multiculturalism as an approach to the clarity of its features. In the development of perspectives, a multiculturalism problem occurs when dealing with the term Interculturalism as a comparative approach. There are two perspective arguments; arguments that support Multiculturalism and responsive arguments. Discussion of the problem increases when â€œinterculturalismâ€ is used to show a specific model of â€œmanaging cultural diversityâ€ in Quebec which is articulated in explicit opposition to Canadian multiculturalism, but differs from important respect from the European interculturalism model. The two approaches contain indications of strategic advantages in the shift to the term â€œinterculturalismâ€ because the term â€œmulticulturalismâ€ is seen as being politically tarnished over the past decade. At the height of the discussion there was criticism of the flow of Multiculturalism studies which almost completely ignored the contributions of primary disciplines, especially anthropology and social psychology, especially contact theory. Finally, three points of understanding solutions can be proposed; (1) Multiculturalism is a holistic concept and an ideological basis of recognition of cultural differences, (2) Interculturalism is a model of managing cultural differences according to different regional cultural bases, (3) Cross-cultural interaction patterns, action programs, skills, and conflict management instruments.
SIMBOKRONIK KOMUNIKASI
Authors: Rorong Michael Jibrael
Published: February 2021

Fenomena unik yang hadir dalam setiap kehidupan manusia tetapi belum tentu diakui oleh dunia social bermasyarakat. Hadir dalam kehidupan sosial adalah salah satu orientasi seksual yang sering didengar oleh istilah gay. Gay adalah istilah yang digunakan pada individu gay yang menyatakan diri terbuka dan dapat hadir dalam kehidupan social bermasyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan teori, metodologi, dan tradisi dalam ilmu komunikasi yaitu fenomenologi, perspektif teoritis yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini dari Maurice Ponty, tentang tubuh dan perspektif, yang dalam penelitian ini penulis menghasilkan simbokronik komunikasi yang tercipta dari stereotype masyarakat.
SEISMIC HAZARD MICROZONATION BASED ON PROBABILITY SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS IN BANDUNG BASIN
Authors: Sari Anggun Mayang , Fakhrurrozi Afnindar
Published: February 2021

The geological and seismic-tectonic setting in the Bandung Basin area proliferates the seismicity risk. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the seismic hazards caused by the foremost seismic source that affects the ground motions in the bedrock. This research employed Probability Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) method to determine the peak ground acceleration value. It considers the source of the earthquakes in the radius of 500 km with a return period of 2500 years. The analysis results showed that the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) in this region varies from 0.46 g to 0.70 g. It correlates with the magnitude and hypocentre of the dominant earthquake source of the study locations. The PGA value on the bedrock was used as an input to develop the seismic hazard microzonation map. It was composed using the Geographic Information System (GIS) to visualise the result. This research provides a scientific foundation for constructing residential buildings and infrastructure, particularly as earthquake loads in the building structure design calculations. ABSTRACT - Mikrozonasi Bahaya Seismik Berdasarkan Probability Seismic Hazard Analysis di Cekungan Bandung. Kondisi geologi dan seismik-tektonik di Cekungan Bandung meningkatkan risiko kegempaan di wilayah tersebut. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang bahaya seismik yang disebabkan oleh sumber-sumber gempa di sekitarnya yang mempengaruhi gelombang gempa di batuan dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Probability Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) untuk menentukan nilai percepatan gelombang gempa di batuan dasar. Lebih lanjut penelitian ini menggunakan sumber gempa dalam radius 500 km dengan periode perulangan 2500 tahun. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) di wilayah ini bervariasi dari 0,46 g hingga 0,70 g. Hal ini berkorelasi dengan magnitudo dan jarak hiposenter sumber gempa dominan terhadap lokasi penelitian. Nilai PGA di batuan dasar digunakan sebagai input data dalam pembuatan peta mikrozonasi bahaya seismik. Peta mikrozonasi bahaya seismik disusun dan divisualisasikan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Luaran penelitian ini menghasilkan landasan ilmiah pada konstruksi bangunan tempat tinggal dan infrastruktur, khususnya sebagai pembebanan gempa dalam perhitungan desain struktur bangunan.
Characterization of barley germplasm for leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) resistance based on incidence and severity parameters
Authors: Arabi M. I. E. , Jawhar M. , Al-Shehadah E.
Published: February 2021

Barley leaf stripe (BLS) caused by Pyrenophora graminea is an important seed-borne disease of barley causing significant yield and quality losses worldwide. The development of resistant cultivars has proven difficult, therefore, in this work, BLSresistant barley germplasm was developed by crossing six barley cultivars currently used in Europe and West Asia. Out of 270 doubled haploid lines derived from these crosses, 40 lines were evaluated under field artificial infection conditions using incidence (I; proportion of diseased plants) and severity (S; proportion of infected leaf area per plant). Disease resistance parameters showed a broad range of variation in mean I and S values with a continuum of resistance levels ranging from highly susceptible to highly resistant with values being consistently higher in the susceptible ones. However, eight promising resistant lines with high yield per plant were identified. Moreover, BLS severity increased linearly as incidence increased (r = 0.76, P < 0.001). This work suggests that BLS resistance sources identified in this study can be used for further genetic analysis and introgression for varietal improvement, and that the positive correlation between I and S parameters may be beneficial for many types of studies on this disease.
Biosystematic study of the genus Lallemantia (Lamiaceae): species delimitation and relationship
Authors: Koohdar Fahimeh , Sheidai Masoud
Published: February 2021

Lallemantia (Lamiaceae) is a small genus with 5 species. In general, little biosystematics and molecular study has been performed on the genus Lallemantia. Moreover, the studies used only some of the species; none of them has considered all 5 species as a whole in one specific approach. Therefore, the species inter-relationship or nexus in the genus is not thoroughly probed. The present study investigated the molecular phylogeny and species relationship of all five species in the genus Lallemantia, using ribosomal protein L16 and the multilocus ISSR markers. It also compared their morphometric, anatomical and seed results. The species were efficaciously delimited by the morphological, anatomical and seed characters, as well as by ISSR and cpDNA markers. The PCA (Principal components analysis) plot of the species based upon the morphological characters, the MDS (Multidimensional Scaling) plot of the species based on the nutlet and anatomical characters, the NJ (neighbor joining) tree plot of ISSR dataand the ML tree of cpDNA revealed closer affinity between L. iberica and L. canescens and L. peltata was placed at some distance from these species. The phylogenetic trees displayed monophyly of the genus Lallemantia. The Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis by Sampling Trees (BEAST) analysis unveiled that the studied Lallemantia species started to diverge about 25 million years ago.
Fenomena “Anak Badut” di Kota Medan
Authors: Assingkily Muhammad Shaleh , Sit Masganti
Published: February 2021

"Clown children" is a new entertainment for Medan City residents, especially children. This phenomenon arose along with the Covid-19 pandemic and was mostly played by young children on the pretext of hoping for people's compassion, to be precise as of August 2020. Even though before the Covid-19 pandemic there were already "clowns" on the streets, but there were more characters. adults. Various factors led to the emergence of "clown children" with the role of young children in Medan. This paper aims to analyze the phenomenon of the emergence of "clown children" in the Covid-19 era in Medan, which is played by early childhood, which is researched using a qualitative approach using phenomenological study methods. Data were collected by means of interview, observation and document review techniques. Furthermore, data reduction, data display or presentation and drawing conclusions are performed as a form of data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the “clown boy” played by early childhood children on the streets of Medan is caused by 3 (three) factors, namely making money, helping parents and filling spare time due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Studi Deskriptif Pengaruh Metode Bercerita Bilingual Terhadap Minat Belajar Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Wirsa Khairani , Saridewi Saridewi
Published: February 2021

Children learning process in kindergarten is very influential in early childhood development. Therefore, a teacher expected to be able to make variation of learning media and interesting learning method, so the objective of the learning is achieved well. The background of this study is lack of interesting methods used by teacher to improve children's focus in learning and children's interest in foreign languages. So, the researcher is interested to do a research about bilingual storytelling methods. According to experts the storytelling method is one of the most interesting method in learning. The type of research is the literature study with data collection techniques by reviewing books, journals, magazines and articles related to research topics. The result of the research, the bilingual storytelling method is an interesting method for children so it could increase children's learning interest. Therefore the aim of the learning could be achieved as expected.
Pendidikan Karakter: Komparasi TK Islam dan TK Umum di SD Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung
Authors: Sagala Rumadani , Romlah Romlah , Putri Amanah Adinda
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the various types of student delinquency and the causes and understand how to deal with student delinquency. The method used is qualitative research. This research was conducted at SD AL-Kautsar Bandar Lampung. Data obtained from interviews with school principals and teacher educators and questionnaires distributed to students. Data were analyzed using the following steps: data reduction, data display and conclusion/verification. Based on the results of research in the field, the authors conclude that character education at SD Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung is very good in terms of teaching and practice. Character development in schools is pursued through several ways including learning activities in the classroom and outside the classroom with qualified teachers who are believed to be able to build the character of their students, as well as cooperation from parents of students in cultivating good character at home.
Strategi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Suhendro Eko
Published: February 2021

The existence of COVID 19 which still hit Indonesia until September had a negative impact on education in Indonesia, especially early childhood education. This makes learning, which was a face-to-face system, must be changed to distance education. In order for learning to continue optimally, of course, the teacher must be able to apply different learning strategies. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive which is used to obtain safe information and from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning activities in PAUD. Research subjects / respondents for this study were teachers and parents of students who followed the PAUD Engineering level, data in the form of interviews. The application of learning strategies carried out by teachers during the Covid pandemic is by learning at home with online and offline methods. Bold learning is carried out through online networks such as through WA Groups as well as text messages and telephone. In addition, using other media such as television shows. While offline learning is carried out through the home visit method. Implementation of house-to-house learning is expected so that students get direct learning material to cover learning deficiencies who dare to experience some disturbances. The results of this study will be useful as a reference for PAUD teachers who have implemented learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pembelajaran Tari Kreatif di RA Nurul Huda Kota Bandung
Authors: Vinlandari Wahyudi Ayu , Gunawan Indra
Published: February 2021

This study aims to describe creative dance learning at RA Nurul Huda Bandung City. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis method. The subjects of this study were students, school principals, and educator’s RA Nurul Huda, Bandung City. Collecting data by observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis used refers to the Milles and Huberman model. While the validity test was done by triangulating techniques and sources. The results of the study can be described that learning creative dance at RA Nurul Huda includes developing themes in the core activities of the learning process. The process of learning creative dance at RA Nurul Huda includes: initial, core and closing activities. The initial activity contains brainstorming, prayers, and reading short letters. This activity contains an explanation of the theme and dancing according to the theme. The closing activity contains evaluation of creative dance activities.
Neuronal Activity in the Posterior Cingulate Cortex Signals Environmental Information and Predicts Behavioral Variability during Trapline Foraging
Authors: Barack David L. , Platt Michael L.
Published: February 2021

Animals engage in routine behavior to efficiently navigate their environments. This routine behavior may be influenced by the state of the environment, such as the location and size of rewards. The neural circuits tracking environmental information and how that information impacts decisions to deviate from routines remain unexplored. To investigate the representation of environmental information during routine foraging, we recorded the activity of single neurons in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in 2 male monkeys searching through an array of targets in which the location of rewards was unknown. Outside the laboratory, people and animals solve such traveling salesman problems by following routine traplines that connect nearest-neighbor locations. In our task, monkeys also deployed traplining routines; but as the environment became better known, they deviate from them despite the reduction in foraging efficiency. While foraging, PCC neurons tracked environmental information but not reward and predicted variability in the pattern of choices. Together, these findings suggest that PCC may mediate the influence of information on variability in choice behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMany animals seek information to better guide their decisions and update behavioral routines. In our study, subjects visually searched through a set of targets on every trial to gather two rewards. Greater amounts of information about the distribution of rewards predicted less variability in choice patterns, whereas smaller amounts predicted greater variability. We recorded from the posterior cingulate cortex, an area implicated in the coding of reward and uncertainty, and discovered that these neurons signaled the expected information about the distribution of rewards instead of signaling expected rewards. The activity in these cells also predicted the amount of variability in choice behavior. These findings suggest that the posterior cingulate helps direct the search for information to augment routines.
Catecholaminergic Innervation of the Lateral Nucleus of the Cerebellum Modulates Cognitive Behaviors
Authors: Carlson Erik S. , Hunker Avery C. , Sandberg Stefan G. , Locke Timothy M. , Geller Julianne M. , Schindler Abigail G. , Thomas Steven A. , Darvas Martin , Phillips Paul E. M. , Zweifel Larry S.
Published: February 2021

The cerebellum processes neural signals related to rewarding and aversive stimuli, suggesting that the cerebellum supports nonmotor functions in cognitive and emotional domains. Catecholamines are a class of neuromodulatory neurotransmitters well known for encoding such salient stimuli. Catecholaminergic modulation of classical cerebellar functions have been demonstrated. However, a role for cerebellar catecholamines in modulating cerebellar nonmotor functions is unknown. Using biochemical methods in male mice, we comprehensively mapped TH
+
fibers throughout the entire cerebellum and known precerebellar nuclei. Using electrochemical (fast scan cyclic voltammetry), and viral/genetic methods to selectively delete
Th
in fibers innervating the lateral cerebellar nucleus (LCN), we interrogated sources and functional roles of catecholamines innervating the LCN, which is known for its role in supporting cognition. The LCN has the most TH
+
fibers in cerebellum, as well as the most change in rostrocaudal expression among the cerebellar nuclei. Norepinephrine is the major catecholamine measured in LCN. Distinct catecholaminergic projections to LCN arise only from locus coeruleus, and a subset of Purkinje cells that are positive for staining of TH. LC stimulation was sufficient to produce catecholamine release in LCN. Deletion of
Th
in fibers innervating LCN (LCN-
Th-cKO
) resulted in impaired sensorimotor integration, associative fear learning, response inhibition, and working memory in LCN-
Th-cKO
mice. Strikingly, selective inhibition of excitatory LCN output neurons with inhibitory designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs led to facilitation of learning on the same working memory task impaired in LCN-
Th-cKO
mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate a role for LCN catecholamines in cognitive behaviors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT
Here, we report on interrogating sources and functional roles of catecholamines innervating the lateral nucleus of the cerebellum (LCN). We map and quantify expression of TH, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, in the entire cerebellar system, including several precerebellar nuclei. We used cyclic voltammetry and pharmacology to demonstrate sufficiency of LC stimulation to produce catecholamine release in LCN. We used advanced viral techniques to map and selectively KO catecholaminergic neurotransmission to the LCN, and characterized significant cognitive deficits related to this manipulation. Finally, we show that inhibition of excitatory LCN neurons with designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs, designed to mimic Gi-coupled catecholamine GPCR signaling, results in facilitation of a working memory task impaired in LCN-specific TH KO mice.
A comparative study on the tibial morphology among several populations in ancient East Asia
Authors: Zhang Qun , Yeh Hui-Yuan
Published: February 2021

Human skeletal morphology is a dynamic system affected by both physiological and environmental factors, due to the functional adaptation and remodeling responses of bones. To further explore the adaptation of bone to the environment and the consequent subsistence strategies determined by the diverse natural contexts in the Anthropocene, this study presents a comparative study on the tibiae of seven ancient populations located in different regions of East Asia. Through the analysis of the tibial shaft morphology, a comparative analysis between the populations and genders was conducted to evaluate the differences in external morphology and sexual division of labor. The cnemic indices of the tibial shaft were selected to quantify the external shape. Results showed that different populations had different tibial morphology. Among males, those of Jinggouzi had the flattest tibia while those of Changle had the widest tibia. Among the females, females of Hanben had the flattest tibia, whereas tibia from females of Shiqiao, Changle, and Yinxu were among the widest. The sexual dimorphism was relatively larger in Shiqiao and Jinggouzi and smaller in Tuchengzi and Changle. Through a combination of previous archaeological findings, historical records, and ethnography of the aboriginal Taiwanese, it is concluded that the terrain and ecological environments laid basis for varied subsistence strategies. In addition, the mobility and social labor division under a particular subsistence strategy further contributed to the adaptation of the lower limb morphology to its context. The comparative analysis provides further insight on habitual activities, terrestrial mobility patterns, and subsistence strategies of the populations, which lived in different environmental contexts during the Bronze Age and early Iron Age, thus demonstrating the diverse interactions between human populations and natural environment in the Anthropocene.
Networks, Organizations, Institutions: An Interview with Walter W. Powell, Stanford University
Authors: Anheier Helmut K. , Powell Walter W.
Published: February 2021

In this interview, Walter W. Powell and Helmut K. Anheier review the evolution of organizational sociology and institutionalism over the last thirty years, including the formation of new organizational forms such as network organizations. They also touch upon nonprofit and civil society research, and discuss the state of sociology and the social sciences more generally.
Critical View on The Existence of Gambus Tunggal Lampung: Promoting Collaborative Working Between Artists and Stakeholders
Authors: Tejapermana Prisma , Hidayatullah Riyan
Published: February 2021

The Lampung societies have many arts and cultures, one of which is a gambus tunggal. The characteristic of gambus that are played solely and has an original tuning system. A gambus tunggal style produces a melodic tone, accompanied by chanted poems that involve new romantic romance of Lampung, or parents’ advice to their children. This ethnography study aims to comprehend how the gambus tunggal artists maintain the existence in Lampung. The study applies a descriptive method with a qualitative idea. We have interrogated and field studies to gather primary data. A purposive sampling technique was used to interview a gambus tunggal player who existed for decades. The result indicates that a gambus tunggal artist is doing a collaborative struggle to support gambus tunggal and living sources’ survival. They need collaboration to keep the existence of traditional Lampung music. Gambus players have considered using social media as a promotional strategy. The local government’s role has a tremendous impact, for example, providing an opportunity to perform gambus tunggal at various events, festivals, and many competitions. Therefore, the tourism sector is the foundation of Lampung’s traditional music. It establishes policies to serve various performing arts.
Musical Expression of Sholawat Art in Multicultural Societies: A Study of Composition Forms
Authors: Yahya Luthfi  bin , Muttaqin Moh. , Muchsin Ibnu Amar
Published: February 2021

This study is based on society’s reality about the diversity of musical expressions of the sholawat art which is still ongoing. Therefore, this study aims to identify, analyze, and describe the musical expressions of sholawat art that exist in society in the context of a multicultural society. This study is a qualitative descriptive study with a musicology approach as the main approach. This study used several techniques for data collection, namely interview techniques, document and documentation study techniques, and observation techniques. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using content analysis with the main musicological approach which refers to the concept of composition, harmony, song form, and presentation form. The results show that in a multicultural society, such as Indonesia, there are various kinds of musical expressions of sholawat art. If we look at musicology, the diversity of musical expressions includes several kinds of expressions, which include the variety in characterization, the variety in the scale tradition used, the mixture in the use of song lyrics, and the variety in the technique of using language in composing the lyrics.
The Function of Pantun in the Art Performace of Batang Hari Sembilan Solo Guitar during Sedekah Bumi Ceremony Held in Batu Urip Hamlet, South Sumatera
Authors: Andari Imelda Tri , Suharto Suharto
Published: February 2021

This study aims to describe the form and function of the solo guitar performance of Batang Hari Sembilan in Batu Urip hamlet, Batu Urip Taba village, Lubuklinggau city, South Sumatra. This study used a qualitative de-scriptive approach. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The collected data were then analyzed using analytical and interactive techniques with data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Based on the discussion that has been done, this study found that the Single Batang Hari Sembilan Guitar is a rhythm of guitar strings containing rhymes. Pantun is an identity and plays a very important role in the life of the community. The function of the pantun in the solo guitar performance of Batang Hari Sembilan was originally used as a communication function. Currently, this art performance has developed, namely as a ritual function, a function of preserving culture, a function of entertainment, a function of cultural continuity, a function of means of communication, and a function of emotional expression.