bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large eddy simulation of flow around two side-by-side circular cylinders at Reynolds number 3900
Authors: Zeng Cheng , Qiu Fei , Zhou Jie , Hu Yudie , Wang Lingling
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates the flow dynamics around two circular cylinders in a side-by-side arrangement with different spacing ratios (T/D, T is the center-to-center cylinder spacing and D is the diameter) under a subcritical Reynolds number condition (Re = 3900). A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model was developed with Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique. The model was well validated against published data of flow around a single cylinder at Re = 3900. Numerical simulations were conducted for flow around two side-by-side circular cylinders with T/D = 1.2, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4. Based on the LES results, three wake regimes were identified: single bluff body regime (T/D = 1.2), biased flow regime (T/D = 1.5–2), and parallel vortex streets regime (T/D = 2.5–4). In the single bluff body regime with T/D = 1.2, the stable deflection of gap flow is also observed which indicates that there may exist a transition state from the single bluff body regime to the biased flow regime. In biased flow regime, the pairing and merging process of the outer vortices with the inner vortices are analyzed. The occurrence of the flip-flopping phenomenon is found to be related to the merging tendency between gap-side vortices in narrow wake region and free-flow-side vortices in wide wake region, and the relative phase of gap side vortices in transient state. In the parallel vortex streets regime, the phase relation of the vortex shedding process was analyzed. The time proportions of the in-phase mode and anti-phase mode are found to be varied with spacing ratio. As the spacing ratio increases, the wakes behind the cylinders lose their dependency on the anti-phase mode. The results of the present study were compared with the existing results at other Reynolds numbers. It is found that vortex shedding manner during the flip-over transitions is closely related to the spacing ratios and is independent of the Reynolds number.
Toward routine Kohn–Sham inversion using the “Lieb-response” approach
Authors: Gould Tim
Published: February 2023

Kohn–Sham (KS) inversion, in which the effective KS mean-field potential is found for a given density, provides insights into the nature of exact density functional theory (DFT) that can be exploited for the development of density functional approximations. Unfortunately, despite significant and sustained progress in both theory and software libraries, KS inversion remains rather difficult in practice, especially in finite basis sets. The present work presents a KS inversion method, dubbed the “Lieb-response” approach, that naturally works with existing Fock-matrix DFT infrastructure in finite basis sets, is numerically efficient, and directly provides meaningful matrix and energy quantities for pure-state and ensemble systems. Some additional work yields potential. It thus enables the routine inversion of even difficult KS systems, as illustrated in a variety of problems within this work, and provides outputs that can be used for embedding schemes or machine learning of density functional approximations. The effect of finite basis sets on KS inversion is also analyzed and investigated.
Improving the optical, electrical, and dielectric characteristics of MgO doped borate glass for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Abdel-Baki M. , Mostafa Ayman M. , Fayad A. M. , El-Bassyouni Gehan T. , Turky Gamal M.
Published: February 2023

Established on the appealing properties of borate glass, a new magnesium borate glass of definite composition (56 − x)B2O3–40Na2O–4MoO3–xMgO (x = 0, 2, 4, 8 mol. %) is prepared via the melt quenching technique. The present study clarified the consequence of dopant and co-dopant on the borate glass. Different physical properties are sustained to investigate and explain the optical and electrical properties of the obtained glass as a result of the replacement of B2O3 by MgO. FTIR confirmed the conversion of MgO6 into MgO4. The index of refraction increased is accompanied by a decrease in bandgap energy. At a frequency of 0.1 Hz, the ac-conductivity varies between 4 and 20 pS/cm at 25 °C and between 10 and 30 nS/cm at 150 °C without the systematic effect of MgO concentration, which indicates that heating plays the main role in improving conductivity. The metallization criterion is between 0.41 and 0.425. The computed two-photon absorption values ranged from 5.313 to 8.391 cm/GW; therefore, it is recommended that the prepared glasses are ideal for optical signal-processing equipment and are considered promising as a new member of the nonlinear optical glass.
Ab initio study of water dissociation on a charged Pd(111) surface
Authors: Fidanyan Karen , Liu Guoyuan , Rossi Mariana
Published: February 2023

The interactions between molecules and electrode surfaces play a key role in electrochemical processes and are a subject of extensive research, both experimental and theoretical. In this paper, we address the water dissociation reaction on a Pd(111) electrode surface, modeled as a slab embedded in an external electric field. We aim at unraveling the relationship between surface charge and zero-point energy in aiding or hindering this reaction. We calculate the energy barriers with dispersion-corrected density-functional theory and an efficient parallel implementation of the nudged-elastic-band method. We show that the lowest dissociation barrier and consequently the highest reaction rate take place when the field reaches a strength where two different geometries of the water molecule in the reactant state are equally stable. The zero-point energy contributions to this reaction, on the other hand, remain nearly constant across a wide range of electric field strengths, despite significant changes in the reactant state. Interestingly, we show that the application of electric fields that induce a negative charge on the surface can make nuclear tunneling more significant for these reactions.
Development of biocompatible Ni-ferrite nanoparticles with PEG-coated for magnetic hyperthermia
Authors: Ohara K. , Moriwaki T. , Nakazawa K. , Sakamoto T. , Nii K. , Abe M. , Ichiyanagi Y.
Published: February 2023

In this study, NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared as a thermophilic agent for magnetic thermotherapy. To improve biocompatibility, the particles were coated with polyethylene glycol, which is hydrophilic and nontoxic; X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed that the particle size could be controlled to 3, 6, 9, and 17 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed PEG modification to the particles. Biocompatibility with cells were improved by coating with PEG of high molecular weight. The heat-generating effect of the particles was investigated by measuring the magnetic susceptibility and temperature rise in an AC magnetic field. Furthermore, a device using a zero-voltage switching circuit was developed to generate heat. Finally, in vitro experiments using human breast cancer cells were successfully performed to confirm the onset of the hyperthermia effect.
Magnetostructural transition and magnetocaloric effect in Mn0.5Fe0.5NiSi1−xAlx melt-spun ribbons (x = 0.055 and 0.060)
Authors: Arreguín-Hernández M. L. , Dzubinska A. , Reiffers M. , Llamazares J. L. Sánchez , Sánchez-Valdés C. F. , Varga R.
Published: February 2023

Melt-spun ribbons samples of the multicomponent alloy Mn0.5Fe0.5NiSi0.940Al0.060 were prepared and the magnetostructural transition (MST) and related magnetocaloric properties studied for as-solidified ribbons and ribbon samples annealed between 800 and 950 °C for 4 h. The results are compared with those reported in the literature for melt-spun ribbons with an Al content x = 0.055 and bulk alloys. It is shown that all samples undergo a first-order MST from a paramagnetic Ni2In-type hexagonal structure to a ferromagnetic TiNiSi-type orthorhombic one. Ribbons show broader isothermal entropy change ΔST(T) curves with moderate maximum values of |ΔST|max at 2 T (7.2–7.3 J kg−1 K−1) in comparison with the reported for bulk alloys. However, the average value of the magnetic hysteresis loss linked to the hexagonal-to-orthorhombic transition is low in comparison with the one reported for most magnetocaloric materials with first-order magnetostructural transitions. This work underlines the effectiveness of this rapid solidification technique to produce highly homogeneous ribbon samples of multicomponent alloys.
Wireless temperature monitoring by using magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications on magnetic hyperthermia treatment
Authors: Kuwahata Akihiro , Hirota Ryuichi , Sukhbaatar Ariunbuyan , Kodama Tetsuya , Yabukami Shin
Published: February 2023

Magnetic hyperthermia with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has been introduced to selective treatment of tumor and the MNPs also has demonstrated diagnosis. For non-invasive treatment, a therapeutic platform with temperature monitoring that can avoid overheating in normal tissues is of vital importance. In this study, we have developed a wireless temperature monitoring system by utilizing the combination of magnetic harmonic signals of the MNPs for magnetic hyperthermia treatment in laboratory experiments. We achieved an accurate measurement with an error of 0.18 °C. For practical use on breast/oral cancer, a detectable distance of at least 10 mm is required. To demonstrate the feasibility toward future biomedical applications, we investigated the dependency on the amount of Resovist® and the error is less than 0.5 °C in a 10 mm distance. Our system can measure the correct temperature regardless of Resovist amount. The results indicate that our system can apply for monitoring temperature on magnetic hyperthermia treatment.
A Life with Poetry
Authors: Peskin Joan , Hanauer David I.
Published: February 2023

This volume examines the development of poetic literacy including the specific processes used by expert poetry readers and professional poets. In doing so it provides a much needed synthesis of research findings across diverse domains such as human development, the scientific study of literature, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, psycholinguistics and education. An important feature of the book is its exploration of the new and relatively unexplored area of research on the development of poetic writing. Both theoretical and practical, the volume will be of interest to researchers as well as educators. The detailed explication of expert knowledge and the trajectory through which relative novices become relative experts should allow educators to make evidence-based decisions. Valuable guidelines for developmentally-appropriate practice in pedagogical settings are provided to better optimize learning and inspire students from preschool to graduate school and beyond.
Language and Characterisation in Television Series
Authors: Bednarek Monika
Published: February 2023

This book explores how language is used to create characters in fictional television series. To do so, it draws on multiple case studies from the United States and Australia. Brought together in this book for the first time, these case studies constitute more than the sum of their parts. They highlight different aspects of televisual characterisation and showcase the use of different data, methods, and approaches in its analysis. Uniquely, the book takes a mixed-method approach and will thus not only appeal to corpus linguists but also researchers in sociolinguistics, stylistics, and pragmatics. All corpus linguistic techniques are clearly introduced and explained, and the book is thus accessible to both experienced researchers as well as novice researchers and students. It will be essential reading in linguistics, literature, stylistics, and media/television studies.

Winner of the Screenwriting Research Network 2023 Best Monograph award!
The loss of the negative particle ne in French
Authors: Ashby William J.
Published: February 2023

Negation in French can be marked redundantly – since a pre-verbal particle ne ‘old not’ may accompany a second, usually post-verbal, marker of negation. However, the pre-verbal particle is often deleted in spoken French. This deletion may be inconsistent with the usual typological characterization of French as an SVO language. In this paper, the use of ne ‘old not’ by 37 speakers from the region of Tours is evaluated, and the data are judged by the Sankoff Variable Rule Program (Varbrul 2). The negative particle is found to vary with a complex of linguistic, stylistic, and social factors. The historical record and the data presented here suggest that ne ‘old not’ is being lost. This on-going syntactic change may be dependent on another, as yet uncompleted, change: the fusion of the subject clitic and verb.
The drift of French syntax
Authors: Ashby William J.
Published: February 2023

Recent speculation about the drift of French syntax is evaluated against data from a socially diverse corpus of modern French. While the data do not support the theory that French is becoming a VSO language, they do suggest that French is developing a ‘topic prominent’ sentence type.
Preferred Argument Structure in spoken French and Spanish
Authors: Ashby William J. , Bentivoglio Paola
Published: February 2023

This article uses the quantitative methodology of GoldVarb to examine the variable distribution of lexical noun phrases representing core arguments of the verb in a corpus of spoken French and a corpus of spoken Spanish. It is shown that this distribution is not random, but instead conforms to a grammatically and pragmatically motivated pattern known as Preferred Argument Structure.
Highlighting beginning, end, or transition in-between
Authors: Izutsu Katsunobu , Izutsu Mitsuko Narita
Published: February 2023

This study presents a cross-linguistic analysis of episode- and topic-shift conceptions based on two types of spoken discourse (narrative and conversational) in English, Ainu, and Japanese. Markers of episode/topic-shift can serve to highlight different phases of episode/topic boundaries in conceptual terms: the end of a preceding episode/topic, the beginning of a newly introduced episode/topic, or a transitional phase between them. Ainu tends to manifest an end-oriented conception of both topic-shift in conversation and episode-shift in narrative. Japanese also exhibits a similar inclination in conversation, though not in narrative. English prefers a beginning-oriented conception of episode/topic-shift in both conversation and narrative with little inclination toward an end-oriented conception.
On the topic-marking function of left dislocations and preposings
Authors: Cimmino Doriana
Published: February 2023

This chapter is devoted to the functional variation of Left Marked Structures (LMSs) – namely, Left Dislocations (LDs) and Preposings (PRs) –, which are generally described as topic-marking discourse strategies. Results from a corpus-based and multi-level investigation demonstrate that in spoken and written Italian and English the claimed iconic relation between LMS’s syntactic form and information structure does not hold. Moreover, at the discourse level, LMSs impact not only the topical, but also the logico-semantic dimension of texts. The study proposes a reinterpretation of the general function of LDs and PRs in terms of textual prominence, showing how a corpus-based and multilevel analysis method could guide and in turn benefit from a typological investigation of LMSs’ inter- and intra-linguistic variation.
English oh as a structural and modal marker
Authors: Martínez Caro Elena
Published: February 2023

Among interjections, a class often neglected in grammars, English oh is one of the most highly frequent and multifunctional types, generally considered a discourse marker. The present contribution investigates this item, for a better understanding of its uses and meanings in interaction, and explores its equivalents in Spanish. As the corpus-based analysis reveals, oh mostly occurs in the modal and textual-structural domains, and among the specific functions found in these, special attention is devoted to the role of oh to demarcate structural ties between discourse units. It is argued that English oh should be considered in the literature within the set of markers of topic shift and topic boundaries, and its knowledge expanded beyond the expression of affective and epistemic meanings.
Cardiac cycle timing intervals in university varsity athletes
Authors: Singh Jyotpal , Ellingson Chase J. , Ellingson Cody A. , Scott Parker , Neary J. Patrick
Published: February 2023

Cardiac cycle timing events in varsity athletes serve an important function for baseline assessment but are not reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to characterise the cardiac cycle timing intervals and contractility parameters in university‐level varsity athletes. 152 males and 93 females were assessed using a non‐invasive seismocardiography cardiac sensor attached to the sternum for 1‐minute. Shorter isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), systolic time, mitral valve open to E‐wave (MVO to E) time, rapid ejection period (REP), atrial systole to mitral valve closure (AS to MVC) time, and diastolic performance index (IVRT/systolic time) were found in females, while heart rate was lower in males. Varying differences in timing intervals were found between sports. Systolic times were longer in male and female basketball players, while diastole was shortest in male football players, who also had higher heart rates than the other male sport athletes. These results add reference cardiac cycle timing data to the literature and imply that male and female athletes show different cardiac characteristics. Team differences suggest that different training for different sports can result in unique cardiac function changes, however, these appear to be related to the sex of the participants. The addition of these cardiac cycle timing intervals adds a valuable comparative tool to better understand cardiac physiology in the varsity athletic population.
Optical absorption measurement of spin Berry curvature and spin Chern marker
Authors: Chen Wei
Published: February 2023

In two-dimensional time-reversal symmetric topological insulators described by Dirac models, the

Z

2

topological invariant can be described by the spin Chern number. We present a linear response theory for the spin Berry curvature that integrates to the spin Chern number, and introduce its spectral function that can be measured at finite temperature by momentum- and spin-resolved circular dichroism, which may be achieved by pump-probe type of experiments using spin- and time-resolved ARPES. As a result, the sign of the Pfaffian of the

Z

2

invariant can be directly measured. A spin Chern number spectral function is further introduced from the optical spin current response, and is shown to be measurable from the spin-resolved opacity of two-dimensional materials under circularly polarized light, pointing to an optical measurement of the

Z

2

invariant and a frequency sum rule. The spin Chern number expressed in real space is known to yield a spin Chern marker, and we propose that it may be measurable from spin-resolved local heating rate caused by circularly polarized light. A nonlocal spin Chern marker is further proposed to characterize the quantum criticality near topological phase transitions, and is shown to be equivalent to an overlap between spin-selected Wannier states.
NiFe-based electrocatalyst anchored on nanocone with tip-field effect for improved oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Gong Zizhen , Han Qinglin , Wang Hongyu , Zhang Kai , Qin Yanzhou , Tan Zhaoyang , Liu Guihua
Published: February 2023

The development of high efficiency oxygen evolution electrocatalyst is of great significance for water splitting reaction. Herein, an efficient cone-structured NiFe-LDH/Nicone/Ti catalyst is fabricated by electrodeposition method towards enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The featured tip curvature of nanocone structure can accelerate the reaction kinetics of OER by offering a field-enhanced aggregation of local hydroxide ion reactant on the catalyst surface, and thus improves the performance of the NiFe catalyst. Accordingly, NiFe-LDH/Nicone/Ti requires only a low overpotential of 292 mV to achieve 50 mA cm−2, and with high stability under continuous high-current operations. In addition, the alkali-electrolyzer using NiFe-LDH/Nicone/Ti electrode exhibits good performance with a voltage of 1.73 V at 50 mA cm−2 and displays excellent stability in long-term stability test. This cone-structured catalyst design with field-enhanced local hydroxide ion aggregation effect provides a promising method for the development of highly active OER electrocatalysts.
Realization of smooth side profile using diffusion-controlled wet chemical etching for HgTe/(Hg,Cd)Te heterostructures
Authors: Shekhar Pragya , Bendias Kalle , Fürst Lena , Liang Xianhu , Gbordzoe Michael K , Borzenko Tatiana , Buhmann Hartmut , Kleinlein Johannes , Molenkamp Laurens W
Published: February 2023

We utilize a diffusion-controlled wet chemical etching technique to fabricate microstructures from two-dimensional HgTe/(Hg,Cd)Te-based topological insulators. For this purpose, we employ a KI: I2: HBr: H2O-based etchant. Investigation of the side profile of the etched heterostructure reveals that HgTe quantum wells protrude from the layer stack as a result of the different etch rates of the layers. This constraint poses challenges for the study of the transport properties of edge channels in HgTe quantum wells. In order to achieve a smoother side profile, we develop a novel approach to the etching process involving the incorporation of a sacrificial design element in the etch mask. This limits the flow of charge carriers to the ions in the electrolyte during the etching process. The simplicity of the method coupled with the promising results achieved thereby should make it possible for the new approach introduced here to be applied to other semiconductor heterostructures.
Strongly mixing smooth planar vector field without asymptotic directions
Authors: Bakhtin Yuri , Li Liying
Published: February 2023

We use a Voronoi-type tessellation based on a compound Poisson point process to construct a polynomially mixing stationary random smooth planar vector field with bounded nonnegative components such that, with probability one, none of the associated integral curves possess an asymptotic direction.
PEDOT/CNT/Bi2Te3 coated porous thermoelectric yarns for textile based wearable thermoelectric generator
Authors: Ding Ding , Wu Qian , Gao Yinan , Wang Jinmei , Chen Yixun , Li Qian
Published: February 2023

Fiber- and yarn-based thermoelectric materials play an essential role in the design of fabric-based flexible thermoelectric generators (FTEGs) which may overcome the wearable difficulties of existing film-based FTEGs. In this study, we used a robust coating method to produce high-performance thermoelectric yarns for wearable applications. An organic/inorganic hybrid coating agent composed of PEDOT:PSS, MWCNT, and Bi2Te3 was used to coat an alkali modified porous polyester yarn. The organic/inorganic hybrid material contributes to the improved thermoelectric properties. The porous modification of polyester yarns improves the wicking property of the fibers and enhances the adhesion stability between yarn substrate and the coating layer. A compromised optimal power factor of 12.3 μWm−1 K−2 could be achieved by 20 wt% Bi2Te3 loading. The corresponding electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were 5526.8 S m−1 and 47.1 μV K−1 at room temperature respectively. A fabric thermoelectric generator with five yarn legs could generate an open circuit voltage of 2.95 mV at a temperature difference of 30 °C, demonstrating its potential application in wearable applications.
Ancillary Gaussian modes activate the potential to witness non-Markovianity
Authors: De Santis Dario , Farina Donato , Mehboudi Mohammad , Acín Antonio
Published: February 2023

We study how the number of employed modes impacts the ability to witness non-Markovian evolutions via correlation backflows in continuous-variable quantum dynamics. We first prove the existence of non-Markovian Gaussian evolutions that do not show any revivals in the correlations between the mode evolving through the dynamics and a single ancillary mode. We then demonstrate how this scenario radically changes when two ancillary modes are considered. Indeed, we show that the same evolutions can show correlation backflows along a specific bipartition when three-mode states are employed, and where only one mode is subjected to the evolution. These results can be interpreted as a form of activation phenomenon in non-Markovianity detection and are proven for two types of correlations, entanglement and steering, and two classes of Gaussian evolutions, a classical noise model and the quantum Brownian motion model.
Irreversibility analysis of tangent hyperbolic fluid flow in a microchannel: a hybrid nanoparticles aspects
Authors: Anitha L , Gireesha B J , Keerthi M L
Published: February 2023

The tangent hyperbolic fluid model is an interesting model in all the non-Newtonian fluid models, which is developed for particular applications in chemical engineering systems such as polymer solution, ceramic processing, fluid beds, and oil recovery. Hence the intent of the present study is to explore the flow and thermal behavior of tangent hyperbolic fluid flowing through an upright microchannel. In the analysis, water and ethylene glycol are the base fluid with titanium and copper nanoparticles considered. The combined impact of nonlinear thermal radiation, no slip, buoyancy force, and Newton boundary condition on the thermal performance are studied, and further, the skin friction and Nusselt number are examined. The thermal dependent heat source effect was also taken into account. The governing equations were solved numerically by employing Runge–Kutta Fehlberg’s fourth-fifth order. The impact of the pertinent constraint on the Nusselt number, thermal field, flow field, skin friction, Bejan number, and entropy generation are depicted graphically and examined. Entropy generation rises by 15% when ethylene glycol is a base fluid and 12% when the water is a base fluid, with an enhancement of the Brinkman number by 200%. The outturn entrenched that the heat transfer rate in water-based hybrid nanofluid is more remarkable when compared with the heat transfer rate of EG-based hybrid nanofluid. It is noted that the significant increment in the Nusselt number has been attained through a rise in the Weissenberg number and power law index.
Adsorption and dissociation of a single water molecule on graphene-like ZnO monolayer with oxygen vacancies: a first-principles study
Authors: Yang Ruijie , Du Yanping
Published: February 2023

ZnO monolayer (ZnO-ML) is a novel two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial with a structure and characteristics similar to graphene. The interaction between water molecules and ZnO-ML especially oxygen vacancy (VO) decorated ZnO-ML (VO-ZnO-ML) has not been investigated yet. First-principles calculations are used to comprehensively investigate the adsorption configurations, electronic properties, and adsorption energy of a single H2O molecule on ZnO-ML. The H2O molecules and ZnO-ML interact strongly, with H2O serving as the charge accepter. ZnO-ML can maintain its nonmagnetic feature following the adsorption of H2O and the introduction of VO. For the H2O dissociation process on pure ZnO-ML, the reaction energy (E
r) is 95.03 kJ ml−1 and the energy barrier (E
bar) is 167.54 kJ mol−1, respectively. The presence of VO can remarkably decrease the E
bar and E
r to half. Moreover, the E
bar and E
r can be further reduced with the increase of the VO density. The hydroxyl groups can stably exist on ZnO-ML, and the adsorption becomes stronger with the increase of the VO density. These findings provide details of the interaction between H2O and ZnO-ML, thereby facilitating the further research of 2D ZnO nanomaterial in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and smart devices.
Characterizing the post-inflationary reheating history. Part II. Multiple interacting daughter fields
Authors: Antusch Stefan , Marschall Kenneth , Torrenti Francisco
Published: February 2023

We characterize the post-inflationary dynamics of an inflaton ϕ coupled to multiple interacting daughter fields Xn
(n = 1, … Nd
) through quadratic-quadratic interactions gn

2
ϕ
2
Xn

2. We assume a monomial inflaton potential V(ϕ) ∝ |ϕ|
p
(p ≥ 2) around the minimum. By simulating the system in 2+1-dimensional lattices, we study the post-inflationary evolution of the energy distribution and equation of state, from the end of inflation until a stationary regime is achieved. We show that in this scenario, the energy transferred to the daughter field sector can be larger than 50%, surpassing this way the upper bound found previously for single daughter field models. In particular, for p ≥ 4 the energy at very late times is equally distributed between all fields, and only 100/(Nd
+ 1) % of the energy remains in the inflaton. We also consider scenarios in which the daughter fields have scale-free interactions λnmXn

2
Xm

2, including the case of quartic daughter field self-interactions (for n = m). We show that these interactions trigger a resonance process during the non-linear regime, which in the single daughter field case already allows to deplete more than 50% of the energy from the inflaton for p ≥ 4.
The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope. IV. Aperture Masking Interferometry
Authors: Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Tuthill Peter , Lloyd James P. , Greenbaum Alexandra Z. , Thatte Deepashri , Cooper Rachel A. , Vandal Thomas , Kammerer Jens , Sanchez-Bermudez Joel , Pope Benjamin J. S. , Blakely Dori , Albert Loïc , Cook Neil J. , Johnstone Doug , Martel André R. , Volk Kevin , Soulain Anthony , Artigau Étienne , Lafrenière David , Willott Chris J. , Parmentier Sébastien , Ford K. E. Saavik , McKernan Barry , Vila M. Begoña , Rowlands Neil , Doyon René , Beaulieu Mathilde , Desdoigts Louis , Fullerton Alexander W. , De Furio Matthew , Goudfrooij Paul , Holfeltz Sherie T. , LaMassa Stephanie , Maszkiewicz Michael , Meyer Michael R. , Perrin Marshall D. , Pueyo Laurent , Sahlmann Johannes , Sohn Sangmo Tony , Teixeira Paula S. , Zheng Sheng-hai
Published: February 2023

The James Webb Space Telescope’s Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (JWST-NIRISS) flies a 7-hole non-redundant mask (NRM), the first such interferometer in space, operating at 3–5 μm wavelengths, and a bright limit of ≃4 mag in W2. We describe the NIRISS Aperture Masking Interferometry (AMI) mode to help potential observers understand its underlying principles, present some sample science cases, explain its operational observing strategies, indicate how AMI proposals can be developed with data simulations, and how AMI data can be analyzed. We also present key results from commissioning AMI. Since the allied Kernel Phase Imaging (KPI) technique benefits from AMI operational strategies, we also cover NIRISS KPI methods and analysis techniques, including a new user-friendly KPI pipeline. The NIRISS KPI bright limit is ≃8 W2 (4.6 μm) magnitudes. AMI NRM and KPI achieve an inner working angle of ∼70 mas, which is well inside the ∼400 mas NIRCam inner working angle for its circular occulter coronagraphs at comparable wavelengths.
Intense nonlinear laser field longitudinal vector potential breaks motion symmetry of stimulated electron and produces highly collimated radiation
Authors: Wang Yubo , Yang Qingyu , Tian Youwei
Published: February 2023

The effects of longitudinal fields on electron dynamics, power, and radiation spectrum in tightly-focused circularly polarized laser pulses are investigated in detail. When the longitudinal field vector potential is not considered at the intense relativistic laser field, the longitudinal acceleration of the electron subjected to the ponderomotive force is oscillatory, and the electron will be pushed out of the laser field. The peak radiation power, along with peak angle, varies exponentially with the laser peak amplitude. The longitudinal field leads to the appearance of spatial radiation vortex states when the laser peak is strong, increasing the collimation of the power and spectrum of spatial radiation as well as the focus.
Counterpropagating radiation emitted by an electron in the field of a Gaussian laser pulse
Authors: Borovskiy A V , Galkin A L
Published: February 2023

The transition from the nonlinear Thomson scattering (electron initially at rest) to the classical limit of Compton scattering (electron moving towards the laser pulse) is considered. The radiation emitted by an electron in the form of plane waves in the far zone is analyzed, and the intensity distribution over the solid angle is obtained. By constructing radiation diagrams, we find numerically the dependences of the intensity and power of radiation on the initial energy of the electron The backscattering intensity as is find analytically is proportional to six power in initial energy and to the peak power of the laser pulse. It is shown that as the initial energy of the electron increases, the effective solid angle of the scattered radiation decreases monotonically and becomes constant.
Thermal transport properties of two-dimensional boron dichalcogenides from a first-principles and machine learning approach
Authors: Qiu Zhanjun , Hu Yanxiao , Li Ding , Hu Tao , Xiao Hong , Feng Chunbao , Li Dengfeng
Published: February 2023

The investigation of thermal transport is crucial to the thermal management of modern electronic devices. To obtain the thermal conductivity through solution of the Boltzmann transport equation, calculation of the anharmonic interatomic force constants has a high computational cost based on the current method of single-point density functional theory force calculation. The recent suggested machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) method can avoid these huge computational demands. In this work, we study the thermal conductivity of two-dimensional MoS2-like hexagonal boron dichalcogenides (H-B2
VI
2; VI = S, Se, Te) with a combination of MLIPs and the phonon Boltzmann transport equation. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of H-B2S2 can reach up to 336 W⋅m−1⋅K−1, obviously larger than that of H-B2Se2 and H-B2Te2. This is mainly due to the difference in phonon group velocity. By substituting the different chalcogen elements in the second sublayer, H-B2
VIVI′ have lower thermal conductivity than H-B2
VI
2. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of B2STe is only 11% of that of H-B2S2. This can be explained by comparing phonon group velocity and phonon relaxation time. The MLIP method is proved to be an efficient method for studying the thermal conductivity of materials, and H-B2S2-based nanodevices have excellent thermal conduction.
Influence of carbon sources on the performance of carbon-coated nano-silicon
Authors: Wang 王 Lin 琳 , Li 李 Na 娜 , Chen 陈 Hao-Sen 浩森 , Song 宋 Wei-Li 维力
Published: February 2023

Silicon-based material is an important anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. In order to overcome its shortcomings, carbon coating is often employed to improve the electrochemical performance. However, the carbon source, carbon content, and different contact and mixing schemes between carbon sources and silicon are all complex factors and need to be clarified. In this study, nano-silicon is coated by the chemical vapor deposition method using different carbon sources, such as acetylene, methane, propane, and propylene. Carbon content after coating is designed to stay at the same level to reduce the experimental error. Results show the sample with higher conductivity provides higher cycle performance. Propylene is the best choice of the four carbon sources studied in this work. These results indicate that the selection of the carbon source is an important factor that plays a significant role in electrochemical performance.
High efficiency and high transmission asymmetric polarization converter with chiral metasurface in visible and near-infrared region
Authors: Gao Yuhang , Tian Yu , Du Qingguo , Wang Yuanli , Fu Qin , Bian Qiang , Li Zhengying , Feng Shuai , Ren Fangfang
Published: February 2023

Polarization manipulation of light is of great importance because it could promote development of wireless communications, biosensing, and polarization imaging. In order to use natural light more efficiently, it is highly demanded to design and fabricate high performance asymmetric polarization converters which could covert the natural light to one particular linearly polarized light with high efficiency. Traditionally, polarizers could be achieved by controllers with crystals and polymers exhibiting birefringence. However, the polarizers are bulky in size and the theoretical conversion efficiency of the polarizers is limited to 0.5 with unpolarized light incidence. In this paper, we propose a polarization converter which could preserve high transmission for one linearly polarized light and convert the orthogonal linearly polarized light to its cross-polarized with high transmittance based on a multi-layer chiral metasurface. Theoretical results show that normally incident y-polarized light preserves high transmittance for the wavelength range from 685 nm to 800 nm while the orthogonal normally incident x-polarized light is efficiently converted to the y-polarized light with high transmittance from 725 nm to 748 nm. Accordingly, for unpolarized light incidence, transmittance larger than 0.5 has been successfully achieved in a broadband wavelength range from 712 nm to 773 nm with a maximum transmittance of 0.58 at 732 nm.
Bounds on positive operator-valued measure based coherence of superposition
Authors: Guo Meng-Li , Liang Jin-Min , Li Bo , Fei Shao-Ming , Wang Zhi-Xi
Published: February 2023

Quantum coherence is a fundamental feature of quantum physics and plays a significant role in quantum information processing. By generalizing the resource theory of coherence from von Neumann measurements to positive operator-valued measures (POVMs), POVM-based coherence measures have been proposed with respect to the relative entropy of coherence, the l
1 norm of coherence, the robustness of coherence and the Tsallis relative entropy of coherence. We derive analytically the lower and upper bounds on these POVM-based coherence of an arbitrary given superposed pure state in terms of the POVM-based coherence of the states in superposition. Our results can be used to estimate range of quantum coherence of superposed states. Detailed examples are presented to verify our analytical bounds.
Interaction solutions and localized waves to the (2+1)-dimensional Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation with variable coefficient
Authors: Yan Xinying , Liu Jinzhou , Xin Xiangpeng
Published: February 2023

This article investigates the Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation with variable coefficient using the Hirota bilinear method and the long wave limit method. The equation is proved to be Painlevé integrable by Painlevé analysis. On the basis of the bilinear form, the forms of two-soliton solutions, three-soliton solutions, and four-soliton solutions are studied specifically. The appropriate parameter values are chosen and the corresponding figures are presented. The breather waves solutions, lump solutions, periodic solutions and the interaction of breather waves solutions and soliton solutions, etc. are given. In addition, we also analyze the different effects of the parameters on the figures. The figures of the same set of parameters in different planes are presented to describe the dynamical behavior of solutions. These are important for describing water waves in nature.
Intervention against information diffusion in static and temporal coupling networks
Authors: Chai Yun , Wang You-Guo , Yan Jun , Sun Xian-Li
Published: February 2023

Information diffusion in complex networks has become quite an active research topic. As an important part of this field, intervention against information diffusion processes is attracting ever-increasing attention from network and control engineers. In particular, it is urgent to design intervention schemes for the coevolutionary dynamics between information diffusion processes and coupled networks. For this purpose, we comprehensively study the problem of information diffusion intervention over static and temporal coupling networks. First, individual interactions are described by a modified activity-driven network (ADN) model. Then, we establish a novel node-based susceptible–infected–recovered–susceptible (SIRS) model to characterize the information diffusion dynamics. On these bases, three synergetic intervention strategies are formulated. Second, we derive the critical threshold of the controlled-SIRS system via stability analysis. Accordingly, we exploit a spectral optimization scheme to minimize the outbreak risk or the required budget. Third, we develop an optimal control scheme of dynamically allocating resources to minimize both system loss and intervention expense, in which the optimal intervention inputs are obtained through optimal control theory and a forward–backward sweep algorithm. Finally, extensive simulation results validate the accuracy of theoretical derivation and the performance of our proposed intervention schemes.
Spatial distribution order parameter prediction of collective system using graph network
Authors: Zhao Huimin , Wang Rui , Zhao Cai , Zheng Wen
Published: February 2023

In the past few decades, the study of collective motion phase transition process has made great progress. It is also important for the description of the spatial distribution of particles. In this work, we propose a new order parameter φ to quantify the degree of order in the spatial distribution of particles. The results show that the spatial distribution order parameter can effectively describe the transition from a disorderly moving phase to a phase with a coherent motion of the particle distribution and the same conclusion could be obtained for systems with different sizes. Furthermore, we develop a powerful molecular dynamic graph network (MDGNet) model to realize the long-term prediction of the self-propelled collective system solely from the initial particle positions and movement angles. Employing this model, we successfully predict the order parameters of the specified time step. And the model can also be applied to analyze other types of complex systems with local interactions.
Variational quantum semi-supervised classifier based on label propagation
Authors: Hou Yan-Yan , Li Jian , Chen Xiu-Bo , Ye Chong-Qiang
Published: February 2023

Label propagation is an essential semi-supervised learning method based on graphs, which has a broad spectrum of applications in pattern recognition and data mining. This paper proposes a quantum semi-supervised classifier based on label propagation. Considering the difficulty of graph construction, we develop a variational quantum label propagation (VQLP) method. In this method, a locally parameterized quantum circuit is created to reduce the parameters required in the optimization. Furthermore, we design a quantum semi-supervised binary classifier based on hybrid Bell and Z bases measurement, which has a shallower circuit depth and is more suitable for implementation on near-term quantum devices. We demonstrate the performance of the quantum semi-supervised classifier on the Iris data set, and the simulation results show that the quantum semi-supervised classifier has higher classification accuracy than the swap test classifier. This work opens a new path to quantum machine learning based on graphs.
Research on Comprehensive Evaluation of Near-zero Carbon Emission Parks Based on Variable Weight Theory
Authors: Huang Rong , Ma Zhicheng , Liang Tian , Xi Jiafu , Wang Yongli , Su Zhan , Yuan Bo
Published: February 2023

Near-zero carbon emissions are the further deepening and implementation of low-carbon emissions and a dynamic process constantly moving towards zero carbon emissions. With the carbon formation life cycle as the core, the low-carbon park is divided into smart parks and ecological parks. They are starting from the four elements of planning, near-zero carbon technology, carbon emission management, and environmental health, and forming an index system architecture according to the park’s carbon emission traceability tracking system. When the park is in different stages of near-zero carbon development, the internal differences of evaluation indicators are also different. The constant weight evaluation method cannot reflect the impact of each indicator on the development of near-zero carbon, which will affect the accuracy of the evaluation results. By introducing variable weight theory, a penalty variable weight model is constructed, and the model is applied to the case park. Comparing the results of the constant-weight evaluation and variable-weight evaluation, it can be seen that the evaluation results of the variable-weight evaluation model are easier to distinguish the development level. The verification results show that the variable weight evaluation method is more suitable for the dynamic characteristics of near-zero carbon development.
Application of Ultrasonic Phased Array Technology in the Inspection of Small Diameter Pipe Welds on the Heating Surface of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers
Authors: Liu Fuping
Published: February 2023

As a new type of testing technology, ultrasonic phased array testing technology can achieve the efficiency and quality that other testing methods cannot achieve. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of the application of ultrasonic phased array technology in the inspection of small diameter pipe welds of circulating fluidized bed boiler, analyzes the difficulties in the inspection process, and summarizes the possible non-relevant indications generated by the ultrasonic phased array. This paper can provide a reference for the application of ultrasonic phased array testing technology in the detection of small diameter pipe welds of circulating fluidized bed boilers and has practical significance for the relevant research of ultrasonic phased array testing technology.
Study of Wall Strain during LaNi5 Alloy’s Hydrogen Absorption/Desorption Process
Authors: Yin Xuwen , Cao Shuaijie , Yang Fusheng , Imin Rahmatjan
Published: February 2023

An experimental LaNi5 alloy’s hydrogen absorption/desorption system was established to explore the strain generation process mechanism on the reactor wall during the cyclic hydrogen absorption/desorption process of LaNi5 alloy powders at room temperature after different cycles and periods. On this basis, the influence of the hydrogen pressure on the wall strain of the reactor was verified. Results showed that with the increase in cycles, the reactor wall was subjected to an expansion strain, and the closer to the reactor bottom, the greater the strain value. As the hydrogen pressure grew from 3.0 to 4.0 MPa, the strain value at the reactor bottom increased obviously. Still, it did not grow during cycling experiments with hydrogen, indicating that the agglomeration phenomenon was mainly attributed to the pulverization effect after hydrogen absorption by the alloy instead of the gas pressure itself. After 24 cyclic reactions, the wall strain at the 1/5 position from the bottom experienced changes in growth laws since the thermal strain was not enough to influence the expansion strain triggered by agglomeration, and the closer to the reactor top, the more greatly the wall strain was influenced by reaction heat.