bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electric steelmaking process monitoring with optical emission spectroscopy – An in-depth review
Authors: Rautioaho Arto , Pauna Henri , Visuri Ville-Valtteri , Huttula Marko , Fabritius Timo
Published: May 2024

Electric steelmaking plays an important role in various scenarios for environmentally friendly steelmaking where the processes must be energetically and economically feasible. As electric furnaces’ capacities and low-grade recycled material usage can be expected to increase, optimizing the process practices and flexibility becomes paramount. The high-temperature environment of electric steelmaking sets several criteria for the implemented tools, where the equipment must withstand extreme conditions, have a low maintenance need and cost, and have the capability of real-time data acquisition and analysis. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) has been studied in laboratory furnaces and on pilot and industrial scales to provide an in situ method for electric arc furnace and ladle furnace process control. Since OES is a method that measures the properties of emitted light, the applications focus on the electric arc plasma, burners’ flames, and heat radiation from the molten bath. The optical spectra carry information on the composition, temperature, and status of the process. This in-depth review compiles the research and usage of OES as a process monitoring tool by focusing on electric arc plasma, burner flames, and molten bath radiation. Suggestions for further development of existing applications and potential new applications are discussed.
3D Modelling of Electro Vortex Flow Inside Liquid Metal and Effect of External Magnetic Fields
Authors: Al Nasser M , karimi-Sibaki E , Wu M , Redl C , Ishmurzin A , Voller N , Hackl G , Kharicha A
Published: May 2024

Electrovortex flow emerges when the current inside conducting liquids interacts with its self-induced magnetic field. The flow structure and strength of the flow are dictated by the current value and the presence of an external magnetic field. We present here 3D simulations for the electrovortex flow inside a liquid metal cylinder. The results presented reveal a typical electrovortex structure for low currents. Higher currents induce turbulence inside the electrovortex flow without any presence of an external magnetic field. In presence of Earth’s magnetic field, the flow structure is affected significantly. Cyclone, tornado, and rope tornado are observed inside the domain due to the earth’s magnetic field depending on the ratio of current applied and the earth’s magnetic field.
Laboratory Scale Evaluation of the Slag Foaming Behavior
Authors: Pfeiffer Andreas , Thiele Kathrin , Wimmer Gerald , Schenk Johannes
Published: May 2024

Due to the ambitious climate targets of the European Union, one can expect that the electric arc furnace (EAF) will gain greater importance in the future of steelmaking. Since slag foaming is a decisive factor in an efficient process, understanding this phenomenon is essential when applying hydrogen-based direct reduced iron (DRI). Therefore, a method was developed to check different slag compositions concerning their foaming behavior. Slag samples are melted, and a carbon carrier is added. After a selected reaction time, the crucible is quenched in liquid nitrogen, superficially freezing the state while foaming. Afterward, it is halved, providing metallographic examination and height measurement possibilities. Three slags were tested, MgO-saturated EAF slag, MgO-unsaturated EAF slag, and electrical Smelter-like slag. Digital and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy are used to compare the slags and evaluate the method. The Smelter slag shows no foamability, unaffected by the FeO content. Contrary, good foamability can be observed for EAF slags.
Development of a new laboratory-scale reduction facility for the hydrogen plasma smelting reduction of iron ore based on a multi-electrode arc furnace concept
Authors: Hoffelner F , Zarl M A , Schenk J
Published: May 2024

Steel production accounts for a significant share of industrial CO2 emissions. The HPSR process is a possible alternative to reduce these emissions massively if not completely negate them. In principle, Fe-ore is reduced at high temperatures in the plasma of a DC electric arc. hydrogen reacts with the oxidic melt at the gas-liquid interface. Various concepts for the hydrogen plasma reduction of iron ore have been investigated, but the process technology has not yet surpassed the demonstration scale (TRL5). Experimental setups for charging masses from a few grams to a few hundred kilograms have been realized. Further investigations on the process stability and the reaction kinetics are still necessary. An improved laboratory-scale furnace concept shall provide the basis for the fundamental research. An existing laboratory facility is the starting point for designing and constructing the new plasma furnace. There are several problems with this experimental setup. Mainly, the reactor’s dimensions and power supply limitations restrict the arc’s length. The first leads to problems with excessive refractory wear, while the latter limits the variation of process parameters. Strong cooling when using Fe crucibles and the unstable nature of the arc complicate the process control. A promising concept to deal with the problem of arc stability is the use of multiple electrodes in a direct current arc furnace. Together with an optimized furnace geometry, new potential for further investigations can open. Using a multi-cathode furnace is also promising to further explore ferroalloy production via hydrogen plasma reduction. An electric arc furnace was designed based on the requirements for the planned plasma reduction facility. The energy requirement was based on assumptions for heat transfer from the arc to the melt, walls, and lid and continuous transfer through the individual furnace parts. Considerations of power supply, hearth dimensions, refractory design, controlled gas atmosphere, and the implementation of auxiliary equipment were central to creating an ideal basis for various experimental setups.
Silk fibroin increases the elasticity of alginate-gelatin hydrogels and regulates cardiac cell contractile function in cardiac bioinks
Authors: Vettori L , Tran H A , Mahmodi H , Filipe E C , Wyllie K , Liu Chung Ming C , Cox T R , Tipper J , Kabakova I V , Rnjak-Kovacina J , Gentile C
Published: May 2024

Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural protein extracted from Bombyx mori silkworm thread. From its common use in the textile industry, it emerged as a biomaterial with promising biochemical and mechanical properties for applications in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, we evaluate for the first time the effects of SF on cardiac bioink formulations containing cardiac spheroids (CSs). First, we evaluate if the SF addition plays a role in the structural and elastic properties of hydrogels containing alginate (Alg) and gelatin (Gel). Then, we test the printability and durability of bioprinted SF-containing hydrogels. Finally, we evaluate whether the addition of SF controls cell viability and function of CSs in Alg–Gel hydrogels. Our findings show that the addition of 1% (w/v) SF to Alg–Gel hydrogels makes them more elastic without affecting cell viability. However, fractional shortening (FS%) of CSs in SF–Alg–Gel hydrogels increases without affecting their contraction frequency, suggesting an improvement in contractile function in the 3D cultures. Altogether, our findings support a promising pathway to bioengineer bioinks containing SF for cardiac applications, with the ability to control mechanical and cellular features in cardiac bioinks.
Study on the wear performance of 304 stainless steel aerospace joint bearings
Authors: Sun Jingting , Yuan Zewei , Zheng Peng , He Yan , Tang Meiling , Wang Ying
Published: May 2024

In order to investigate the influence of surface micro-texture on the oil film carrying capacity, a theoretical model of dynamic pressure lubrication is constructed based on CFD, and dynamic pressure lubrication simulation and friction and wear experimental research are used to analyse the influence of speed and load on the friction behaviour of the bearing pair, and the wear performance of the specimen is evaluated by means of the surface morphology and friction coefficient. The results show that the carrying capacity of the oil film on the textured surface is relatively large compared with that of the non-textured surface, showing regular fluctuations, and that the pressure values of turbulent flow are greater than those of laminar flow. As the rotational speed increases, the cavitation effect becomes more and more obvious, and the carrying capacity of the oil film increases. The smaller the thickness of the surface oil film, the higher the load carrying capacity and the lower the degree of wear; The surfaces of the textured specimens showed the best friction reduction and anti-wear properties, followed by the smooth surfaces and the worst rough surfaces. With the increase of rotational speed, the friction coefficient tends to decrease. When the rotational speed is 0.4 m s−1, the wear of the textured surface is reduced. With the increase of load, the thickness of the formed oil film decreases, the friction coefficient decreases, and the anti-friction effect of the textured surface increases. This indicates that the surface texure treatment of 304 stainless steel, and the selection of appropriate working condition parameters can effectively reduce wear during the friction process, and improve the wear resistance of bearings.
Establishing the morphotropic phase boundary in van der Waals ferroelectrics
Authors: Deng Jianming , Fu Zhengqian , Zhang Yixuan , Kang Jiaqian , Gong Weiping , Li Qiang , Zhou Xiaodong , Wang Wenbin , Hong Jiawang , Cheong Sang-Wook , Wang Xueyun
Published: May 2024

The formation of morphotropic phase boundaries (MPBs) is a pivotal strategy in piezoelectric ceramics and crystals, primarily used to enhance the electromechanical coupling. However, the application of this strategy in van der Waals (vdW) piezoelectrics and ferroelectrics has been limited, largely due to challenges in achieving phase coexistence and enabling possible polarization rotation. In this study, we address this gap by synthesizing a Selenium doped vdW ferroelectric, CuInP2(S1−x
Se
x
)6, with a doping range of 0 ⩽ x⩽ 0.15, to create an MPB. Our findings indicate the presence of an MPB near x = 0.05, situated between monoclinic and trigonal phases. This boundary was confirmed using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope techniques. Remarkably, the composition at x = 0.05 shows a high dielectric constant (ϵr
= 13.8) and an impressive local effective piezoelectric coefficient (d
33eff = 51 pm V−1) at 80 K. Additionally, an unusual softening of the Young’s modulus was observed near MPB. These results are crucial for enhancing electromechanical coupling in vdW layered materials and herald new avenues for the design and optimization of piezoelectric and electromechanical properties in these materials.
Design of experiments integrated with neural networks for optimization and predictive modelling of electrode wear of novel Ti-6Al-4V-SiCp composites during die sinking electric discharge machining
Authors: Hegde Adithya , Shetty Raviraj , Nayak Rajesh , Shetty Sawan
Published: May 2024

Die Sink Electric Discharge Machining is a widely used manufacturing process for shaping hard and electrically conductive materials. This study investigates the effects of various electrode materials such as, Ti-6Al-4V-SiCp, Brass and Copper on the machining performance of AISI 316 l Stainless Steel workpieces using EDM. The methodology involved optimizing parameters such as Electrode Material, Discharge Current, Gap Voltage, Spark Gap, Pulse-on Time, and Pulse-off Time. From the extensive experimantation it was observed that the combination of Ti-6Al-4V-SiCp electrode material, 8Amp Discharge Current, 90 V Gap Voltage, 75 μm Spark Gap, 100 μs Pulse-on Time and 15 μs Pulse-off Time has resulted in lowest electrode eear rate, higher machining time, and low electrode surface roughness ratio. Ti-6Al-4V-SiCp electrodes possess higher hardness and electrical conductivity compared to Brass and Copper Electrodes leading to higher wear resistance against repeated thermal shocks during electric discharge machining operation. Feed Forward Artificial Neural Network is successfully applied to predict the output characteristics of the experimentation with high accuracy of 98.3% (Electrode Wear Rate), 94.6% (Machining Time) and 93.8% (Electrode Surface Roughness Ratio). Further, microstructure analysis concludes that lowest wear is observed in Ti-6Al-4V-SiCp electrodes compared to Brass and Copper electrodes.
Hacking coherent-one-way quantum key distribution with present-day technology
Authors: Rey-Domínguez Javier , Navarrete Álvaro , van Loock Peter , Curty Marcos
Published: May 2024

Recent results have shown that the secret-key rate of coherent-one-way (COW) quantum key distribution (QKD) scales quadratically with the system’s transmittance, thus rendering this protocol unsuitable for long-distance transmission. This was proven by using a so-called zero-error attack, which relies on an unambiguous state discrimination (USD) measurement. This type of attack allows the eavesdropper to learn the whole secret key without introducing any error. Here, we investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of zero-error attacks against COW QKD with present-day technology. For this, we introduce two practical USD receivers that can be realized with linear passive optical elements, phase-space displacement operations and threshold single-photon detectors. The first receiver is optimal with respect to its success probability, while the second one can impose stronger restrictions on the protocol’s performance with faulty eavesdropping equipment. Our findings suggest that zero-error attacks could break the security of COW QKD even assuming realistic experimental conditions.
Recent advances in fabricating high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators via modulating surface charge density
Authors: Li Zekun , Yu Aifang , Zhang Qing , Zhai Junyi
Published: May 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), a type of promising micro/nano energy source, have been arousing tremendous research interest since their inception and have been the subject of many striking developments, including defining the fundamental physical mechanisms, expanding applications in mechanical to electric power conversion and self-powered sensors, etc. TENGs with a superior surface charge density at the interfaces of the electrodes and dielectrics are found to be crucial to the enhancement of the performance of the devices. Here, an overview of recent advances, including material optimization, circuit design, and strategy conjunction, in developing TENGs through surface charge enhancement is presented. In these topics, different strategies are retrospected in terms of charge transport and trapping mechanisms, technical merits, and limitations. Additionally, the current challenges in high-performance TENG research and the perspectives in this field are discussed.
A quantum inspired approach to learning dynamical laws from data—block-sparsity and gauge-mediated weight sharing
Authors: Fuksa J , Götte M , Roth I , Eisert J
Published: May 2024

Recent years have witnessed an increased interest in recovering dynamical laws of complex systems in a largely data-driven fashion under meaningful hypotheses. In this work, we propose a scalable and numerically robust method for this task, utilizing efficient block-sparse tensor train representations of dynamical laws, inspired by similar approaches in quantum many-body systems. Low-rank tensor train representations have been previously derived for dynamical laws of one-dimensional systems. We extend this result to efficient representations of systems with K-mode interactions and controlled approximations of systems with decaying interactions. We further argue that natural structure assumptions on dynamical laws, such as bounded polynomial degrees, can be exploited in the form of block-sparse support patterns of tensor-train cores. Additional structural similarities between interactions of certain modes can be accounted for by weight sharing within the ansatz. To make use of these structure assumptions, we propose a novel optimization algorithm, block-sparsity restricted alternating least squares with gauge-mediated weight sharing. The algorithm is inspired by similar notions in machine learning and achieves a significant improvement in performance over previous approaches. We demonstrate the performance of the method numerically on three one-dimensional systems—the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou system, rotating magnetic dipoles and point particles interacting via modified Lennard–Jones potentials, observing a highly accurate and noise-robust recovery.
Predictors of mortality shortly after entering a long-term care facility
Authors: Jorissen Robert N , Wesselingh Steve L , Whitehead Craig , Maddison John , Forward John , Bourke Alice , Harvey Gillian , Crotty Maria ,   STAAR-SA Study Collaborators, McNamara Carmel , Pham Clarabelle T , Karnon Jonathon , Lynch Elizabeth , Lave Kate , Rupa Jesmin , Inacio Maria C
Published: May 2024

Objective

Moving into a long-term care facility (LTCF) requires substantial personal, societal and financial investment. Identifying those at high risk of short-term mortality after LTCF entry can help with care planning and risk factor management. This study aimed to: (i) examine individual-, facility-, medication-, system- and healthcare-related predictors for 90-day mortality at entry into an LTCF and (ii) create risk profiles for this outcome.

Design

Retrospective cohort study using data from the Registry of Senior Australians.

Subjects

Individuals aged ≥ 65 years old with first-time permanent entry into an LTCF in three Australian states between 01 January 2013 and 31 December 2016.

Methods

A prediction model for 90-day mortality was developed using Cox regression with the purposeful variable selection approach. Individual-, medication-, system- and healthcare-related factors known at entry into an LTCF were examined as predictors. Harrell’s C-index assessed the predictive ability of our risk models.

Results

116,192 individuals who entered 1,967 facilities, of which 9.4% (N = 10,910) died within 90 days, were studied. We identified 51 predictors of mortality, five of which were effect modifiers. The strongest predictors included activities of daily living category (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.99–5.88 for high vs low), high level of complex health conditions (HR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.58–1.77 for high vs low), several medication classes and male sex (HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.53–1.65). The model out-of-sample Harrell’s C-index was 0.773.

Conclusions

Our mortality prediction model, which includes several strongly associated factors, can moderately well identify individuals at high risk of mortality upon LTCF entry.
The end of court-ordered desegregation and US children’s health: quasi-experimental evidence
Authors: Wang Guangyi , White Justin S , Hamad Rita
Published: May 2024

School racial segregation significantly affects racial disparities in US children’s health. Recently, school segregation has been increasing, partially due to Supreme Court decisions since 1991 that have made it easier for school districts to be released from court-ordered desegregation. We investigated the association of the end of court-ordered desegregation with child health, using the 1997-2018 waves of the National Health Interview Survey (n = 8182 Black children; n = 16 930 White children). We exploited quasi-random variation in the timing of school districts’ releases from court orders to estimate effects on general health, body weight, mental health, and asthma, using difference-in-differences and event-study methods (including traditional and heterogeneity-robust estimators). Heterogeneity-robust difference-in-differences analyses show that release was associated with increased school segregation, improved mental health among Black children, and better self-reported health among White children. For heterogeneity-robust event-study analyses, school segregation increased steadily over time after release, with worse self-reported health and higher risk of asthma episodes among Black children aged 18 years or older after release. Black children’s mental health temporarily improved in the short term. In contrast, White children had improved self-reported health, mental health, and risk of asthma episodes in some years. Interventions to address the harms of school segregation are important for reducing racial health inequities.
Association Between Plasma Aldosterone Concentration and Intraglomerular Hemodynamics in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Uedono Hideki , Kurajoh Masafumi , Toi Norikazu , Tsuda Akihiro , Shinmaru Kento , Miki Yuya , Nakatani Shinya , Nagata Yuki , Morioka Tomoaki , Mori Katsuhito , Imanishi Yasuo , Emoto Masanori
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

In primary aldosteronism (PA), aldosterone could affect glomerular hemodynamics by elevating renal vascular resistance and glomerular capillary pressure. However, the relationship between plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) and glomerular hemodynamics including efferent arteriolar resistance (Re), and afferent arteriolar resistance (Ra) in humans is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of PAC with intraglomerular hemodynamic parameters in patients with PA.

METHODS

An observational study of glomerular hemodynamics was performed using simultaneous measurements of plasma clearance of para-aminohippurate and inulin (Cin; glomerular filtration rate (GFR)) in 17 patients with PA. Kidney function was evaluated by Cin, estimated GFR based on serum creatine (eGFRcre) and serum cystatin C (eGFRcys) and creatine clearance (Ccr). Intraglomerular hemodynamic parameters, including Re, Ra, and intraglomerular hydrostatic pressure (Pglo) were calculated using Gomez’s formulae.

RESULTS

In the 17 PA cases, PAC was significantly correlated with Cin (rho = 0.752, P = 0.001) and eGFRcys (rho = 0.567, P = 0.018), but was not correlated with eGFRcre and Ccr. PAC was also significantly correlated with Pglo, Re, and urinary protein/day (rho = 0.775, P = 0.0004, rho = 0.625, P = 0.009, and rho = 0.625, P = 0.007, respectively). Multivariable regression analysis showed that PAC was significantly associated with Cin and Re. In comparing aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and non-APA cases, Cin was significantly elevated in APA (P = 0.037), whereas eGFRcre, eGFRcys, and Ccr were not. Re tended to be higher in APA (P = 0.064).

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest high aldosterone causes glomerular hyperfiltration by constricting Re. Cin, but not eGFRcre and Ccr, may be useful for evaluating kidney function in PA.
GateMeClass: Gate Mining and Classification of cytometry data
Authors: Caligola Simone , Giacobazzi Luca , Canè Stefania , Vella Antonio , Adamo Annalisa , Ugel Stefano , Giugno Rosalba , Bronte Vincenzo
Published: May 2024

Motivation

Cytometry comprises powerful techniques for analyzing the cell heterogeneity of a biological sample by examining the expression of protein markers. These technologies impact especially the field of oncoimmunology, where cell identification is essential to analyze the tumor microenvironment. Several classification tools have been developed for the annotation of cytometry datasets, which include supervised tools that require a training set as a reference (i.e. reference-based) and semisupervised tools based on the manual definition of a marker table. The latter is closer to the traditional annotation of cytometry data based on manual gating. However, they require the manual definition of a marker table that cannot be extracted automatically in a reference-based fashion. Therefore, we are lacking methods that allow both classification approaches while maintaining the high biological interpretability given by the marker table.

Results

We present a new tool called GateMeClass (Gate Mining and Classification) which overcomes the limitation of the current methods of classification of cytometry data allowing both semisupervised and supervised annotation based on a marker table that can be defined manually or extracted from an external annotated dataset. We measured the accuracy of GateMeClass for annotating three well-established benchmark mass cytometry datasets and one flow cytometry dataset. The performance of GateMeClass is comparable to reference-based methods and marker table-based techniques, offering greater flexibility and rapid execution times.

Availability and implementation

GateMeClass is implemented in R language and is publicly available at https://github.com/simo1c/GateMeClass
Point-of-care potentials of lateral flow-based field screening for Mycoplasma bovis infections: a literature review
Authors: Fasogbon Ilemobayo V , Ondari Erick N , Deusdedit Tusubira , Rangasamy Loganathan , Krishnan Sasirekha , Aja Patrick M
Published: May 2024

Point-of-care (POC) field screening for tools for Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is still lacking due to the requirement for a simple, robust field-applicable test that does not entail specialized laboratory equipment. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, this review identifies the methodologies that were retrieved based on our search strategy that have been reported for the diagnosis of m. bovis infection between 2014 and diagnostics. A search criterion was generated to curate 103 articles, which were reduced in number (to 46), following the screening guidelines of PRISMA. The 43 articles included in the study present 25 different assay methods. The assay methods were grouped as microbiological culture, serological assay, PCR-based assay, LAMP-based assay, NGS-based assay, or lateral flow assay. We, however, focus our discussion on the three lateral flow-based assays relative to others, highlighting the advantages they present above the other techniques and their potential applicability as a POC diagnostic test for M. bovis infections. We therefore call for further research on developing a lateral flow-based screening tool that could revolutionize the diagnosis of M. bovis infection.
Welfare Becomes Punishment: Penal Nationalism in Danish Social Policy
Authors: Bjerre Cecilie , Brinkgaard Lea Cecilie
Published: May 2024

In this article, we demonstrate how ‘penal nationalism’ came to influence Danish social policy during the 2000s. While critical evaluations of the Nordic Exceptionalism thesis have underscored the significance of immigration in shaping both penal and border policies of the Nordic welfare states, our analysis delves into the core of the Danish welfare state by examining the implementation of the social policy tool, Parenting and Youth Orders. Through this case study, we show how penal instruments were integrated into social policy to regulate citizens with immigrant backgrounds residing in Denmark. These political innovations encompass the reinforcement and legitimization of (1) the explicit targeting of citizens with ethnic minority background and (2) the utilization of new penal instruments within the social realm.
160 RETROPERITONEAL PARAGANGLIOMA: A SINGLE INSTITUTION SERIES OF 111 OPERATIONS
Authors: Knyazeva P , Buzanakov D , Walz M K
Published: May 2024

Background

Due to the extended variety in localization, the choice of surgical strategy in the treatment of retroperitoneal paragangliomas can be challenging. In this study, we collected and analyzed our experience on a large series of patients.

Methods

A total of 111 retroperitoneal paraganglioma operations were performed on 100 patients between January 2000 and December 2023 at our institution. There were 42 female and 58 male patients with a mean age of 39 ± 18. The genetic mutation was known in 62 cases at the time of surgery (VHL - 37, SDH gene mutations - 24, MEN 2B -1). The consecutive data were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Out of 111 paraganglioma surgeries, 32 were performed laparoscopically (median operating time: 102 min; range: 37-630), 65 retroperitoneoscopically (69 min; range: 18-510), seven combined laparo-retroperitoneoscopically (340 min; range: 60-630), and seven open (340 min; range: 245-745). The median tumor size for minimally invasive operations was 2.5 cm (range 0.5-9), while for open operations or those with conversion, it was 7 cm (range 2-15). Three conversions to open surgery occurred. Five patients had distant metastasis (four with SDHB and one with VHL mutation). Ten patients underwent more than one operation. Complications included isolated cases of postoperative hematoma, relaxation, and dysesthesia of the flank. Blood transfusions were needed in two cases. The median hospital stay was 4 days (2-30).

Conclusions

Minimally invasive surgery is the gold standard for paragangliomas; nevertheless, the operation can be challenging and requires extensive experience in laparoscopic surgery.
143 A PROLONGED VAGAL LATENCY AT THE BEGINNING OF THYROID RESECTIONS PREDICTS AN INCREASED RISK FOR TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE PARESIS
Authors: Wild F , Staubitz-Vernazza J I , Lederer A K , Musholt P B , Musholt T J
Published: May 2024

Background

We hypothesized that - using intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) - a “prolonged” vagal latency at the beginning of (hemi)thyroidectomy is associated with an increased risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) dysfunction when the patient’s body height is taken into account.

Methods

A single center retrospective data analysis of 1188 datasets for left and 1203 datasets for right thyroid procedures in 1490 patients was carried out. IONM data was merged with the respective clinical datasets recorded in the EUROCRINE® registry. Onset latency of the vagus nerve at the beginning of a procedure (V1) was analyzed for a correlation with postoperative RLN paresis. The patient’s height and other factors with potential impact on the vagal latency were analyzed to determine the threshold of a “prolonged” latency as indicator of nerve pre-damage.

Results

A positive correlation between patient body height and the V1 latency was identified. A significant difference of the V1 latency for patients with recorded RLN damage in comparison to patients without nerve damage was discovered (left: p=0.0003951, right: p=0.018). A prolonged left V1 latency is about 2.9 ms longer than the height-adjusted “normal” latency (regression analysis) and is associated with a higher risk of RLN paresis.

Conclusions

For the first time, it was proven that IONM latency is one of the indicators of an increased risk of RLN paresis in thyroid surgery. A table of “prolonged” left/right vagal latencies in correlation to patient body height is provided, alerting the surgeon to use extra caution or to change the operative strategy.
267 PROPHYLACTIC CENTRAL COMPARTMENT LYMPH NODE DISSECTION IN CN0 PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER: NO IMPACT ON SURGICAL AND ONCOLOGICAL OUTCOMES AFTER 10 YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP – FINDINGS FROM A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED SINGLE INSTITUTION STUDY
Authors: Papini P , Rossi L , De Renzis A , Sacco L , Becucci C , Ambrosini C E , Matrone A , Elisei R , Materazzi G
Published: May 2024

Background

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the dominant histotype in thyroid tumors, with reported central compartment metastases in 65% of cases. Prophylactic central compartment dissection(pCCND) in cN0 patients is debated. This prospective randomized study aims to assess the clinical, surgical, and oncological benefits and drawbacks of pCCND over ten years of follow-up.

Methods

Between 2008 and 2010, 181 cN0 PTC patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A underwent total thyroidectomy(TT), and Group B underwent TT+pCCND. Post-surgery, following European guidelines, patients received low-dose radioiodine treatment(30 mCi), with additional doses(100-150 mCi) as needed. Monitoring, including serum Thyroglobulin(Tg), Tg Antibodies(AbTg), and neck ultrasounds, occurred every 12–18 months.

Results

At the end of the follow-up, 31 patients were lost, leaving 150 in the study (Group A: 70, Group B: 80). Both groups were comparable in age(p=0.641), BMI(p=0.113), nodule diameter(p=0.148), and tumor characteristics. After more than 10 years(mean follow-up: 12.9±2 years), no significant differences were observed in surgical and oncological outcomes. Mean Tg levels were 0.11±0.05 ng/ml(Group A) and 0.33±1.26 ng/ml (Group B)(p=0.146). Only one Group B patient had serum Tg antibody levels exceeding 15 IU/ml, with no variations. No significant differences in complication rates (permanent hypoparathyroidism, p=0.229; permanent vocal cord paralysis, p=0.640) and recurrence(p=0.640) were noted. Neither radioiodine dose(p=0.820) differed. The only observed distinction was more parathyroid removal in pCCND cases based on histological examination(p=0.005).

Conclusions

Patients with PTC without preoperative or intraoperative evidence of suspicious lymph nodes (cN0), whether treated with TT alone or TT+pCCND, exhibited similar outcomes in terms of recurrence, disease persistence, and complications.
87 THE ROLE OF LUGOL SOLUTION BEFORE TOTAL THYROIDECTOMY FOR BASEDOW DISEASE: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Schiavone D , Torresan F , Dughiero S , Lizarazo J L C , Crimì F , Pennelli G M , Sacchi D , Censi S , Mian C , Iacobone M
Published: May 2024

Background

Lugol solution (LS) is often administrated preoperatively in patient with Basedow disease (BD), aiming to reduce thyroid vascularization and surgical morbidity, but its real effectiveness remains controversial. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of preoperative LS on thyroid vascularization and surgical morbidity in patients with BD.

Methods

Fifty-six patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for BD by a single experienced surgeon were enrolled in a prospective, monocentric, single-blinded cohort trial and randomly assigned to receive preoperative (7 days) LS treatment (LS+ Group, n=29) or no LS treatment (LS- Group, n=27). Preoperative hormonal, color-doppler ultrasonographic data (assessing thyroid vascularization), were assessed 7 days before surgery (T0) and the day of surgery (T1). Intra and post-operative blood loss, length of surgery, and morbidity were assessed. Histopathological findings (micro-vessel density at immunohistochemistry) were also assessed at final pathology.

Results

No differences in demographics, preoperative hormonal and ultrasonographic data were found between LS+ and LS- at T0. FT3 and FT4 were significantly reduced at T1 compared to T0 in LS+ (p=0.02) while no significant variations occurred in LS-. No differences between T0-T1 were found for ultrasonographic vascularization data in both groups. Histopathological finding did not differ between LS+ and LS-. No significant differences were found between LS+ and LS- concerning intra/postoperative blood loss (80.5 vs 94ml, respectively), length of surgery (75’ in both groups), and postoperative morbidity.

Conclusions

LS significantly reduces FT3, FT4 in patient undergoing surgery for BD but doesn’t decrease intra/postoperative blood loss, thyroid vascularization, length of surgery and morbidity.
165 PREDICTIVE MODEL OF THYROID SURGERY SUFFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH BETHESDA III AND IV: “THE RULE OF FOUR”
Authors: Guirao X , Barcons S , Pérez-Riverola V , Bella B , Molero-Cano C , Landa T , Albert Fàbregas L , Rigla M
Published: May 2024

Background

Thyroid lobectomy (TL) in patients with thyroid nodule (TN) Bethesda III (BIII) and IV (BIV) purports a totalization when pathology informs of high-risk malignancy (HRM: Cell high risk phenotype and/or widely invasive-angioinvasive thyroid carcinoma). Studies on predictive variables correlating with HRM are lacking.

Methods

Data on demographics, TIRADS, Bethesda, size of TN, extension of thyroidectomy of patients operated on for BIII and BIV TN have been retrieved from a prospective database and compared between low risk (LR: Benign, low risk neoplasm and malignancy, minimally invasive/non angioinvasive) and HRM groups. A predictive model has been constructed and sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) and area under curve (AUC), have been calculated. Quantitative data are summarized as a mean ± SD and analysis of qualitative variables have done with X2 test.

Results

One-hundred eight patients with a mean age of 53±25 years, 70.4% females and 70.4 and 29.6% of BIII and BIV were assessed. TL and TT were performed in 62 and 38%. Thyroid malignancy was reported in 28.9 and 56.3% in BIII and BIV. TN >4 cm and TIRADS 4-5 correlated with final HRM pathology (p=0.004 and p=0.003). Elicited significant variables predicted model construct showed a SE, SP, PPV, NPV and AUC of 0.45, 0.94, 0.72, 0.82 and 0.77, respectively.

Conclusions

The predictive model construct to detect patients at risk for HRM thyroid nodules, may be useful in the shared decision of the extension of thyroid surgery.
71 DOES VIRTUAL REALITY IMPROVE PREOPERATIVE PATIENT INFORMATION IN PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM?
Authors: Chorti A , Moysidis M , Vouchara A , Poulios E , Bakkar S , Ioannis P , Theodossis P
Published: May 2024

Background

Parathyroid adenoma is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. It is characterized by hypersecretion of parathormone and elevated serum concentration of ionized calcium. Patient preoperative information is of great importance and should include the explanation of hyperparathyroidism pathophysiology and clinical characteristics, the surgical procedure and its complications and effectiveness. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality application in preoperative information of patients with parathyroid adenoma.

Methods

Patients with parathyroid adenoma who undergone surgery in our Surgical Department from 2016-2022 were enrolled in this study. They were divided in two groups: Group A underwent the standard preoperative information, whereas in Group B, a virtual reality video of parathyroidectomy was added to the standard preoperative information. Postoperatively, patients’ satisfaction was evaluated, applying a patients’ satisfaction questionnaire.

Results

Group A included 118 patients (2016-2018), while group B included 148 patients (2019-2022). Patients’ satisfaction questionnaire consisted of 10 questions, from which two had statistically significant difference between groups, referring to the effectiveness of virtual reality video parathyroidectomy in the understanding of the disease and surgical procedure. Group A patient’s percentage with score very good/excellent was 82%, while in group B the percentage was 93% (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Patient comprehension of primary hyperparathyroidism, surgical management and possible complications are of great importance preoperatively. Virtual reality application has been proved beneficial in preoperative patient information.
214 US PATTERS AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN THYROID PAPILLARY MICROCARCINOMA: IS mETE STILL USEFUL FOR DECISION MAKING FOR FNAC AND SURGICAL STRATEGY?
Authors: Cossa A , Monti S , Bartolazzi A , Nigri G , Sbacco V , Bellotti C
Published: May 2024

Background

The 2015 ATA guidelines recommend FNAC only for nodules > 1 cm, but report studies justifying FNAC also for nodules < 1 cm but with suspicious ultrasound features. The 8th edition of the AJCC TNM eliminated capsular infiltration (CI) as a negative prognostic factor. These features leave wide margins of discretion in T1a and T1b patients.

Methods

According to guidelines, we treated T1a and T1b patients with ultrasound signs of suspicion for extrathyroidal extension (mETE), with a total or unilateral thyroidectomy, ipsilateral central-compartment neck dissection, and extemporaneous histological verification for possible extended surgery (completing lymphectomy and thyroidectomy). We enrolled 132 patients with the following characteristics: US positive for contact of nodule with the capsule and suspect of ETE according with TIRADS classification. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the probability of having mETE according to the ultrasound examination.

Results

We calculated the correlation between the presence of mETE and N1a+, specificity and Sensitivity of US in predicting CI in the two groups. In pT1a patients 68% had CI and 55% of these were N1a+. In pT1b patients 61% had CI and 52% of these were N1a+. The sensitivity of the US was 77% and the specificity 55%.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate a correlation between CI and metastasis in the central compartment in both T1a and T1b patients. Furthermore, ultrasound appears to be very sensitive and low specific in predicting CI. These data question the current trend of a decreased focus on microcarcinomas on the basis of a size cut-off alone.
A New Concept for Reference Change Values—Regression to the Population Mean
Authors: Jones Graham R D , Aarsand Aasne K , Carobene Anna , Coskun Abdurrahman , Fernandez-Calle Pilar , Bartlett Bill , Diaz-Garzon Jorge , Sandberg Sverre
Published: May 2024

Background

Reference change values (RCV) are used to indicate a change in analyte concentration that is unlikely to be due to random variation in the patient or the measurement. Current theory describes RCV relative to a first measurement result (X1). We investigate an alternative view predicting the starting point for RCV calculations from X1 and its location in the reference interval.

Methods

Data for serum sodium, calcium, and total protein from the European Biological Variation study and from routine clinical collections were analyzed for the effect of the position of X1 within the reference interval on the following result from the same patient. A model to describe the effect was determined, and an equation to predict the RCV for a sample in a population was developed.

Results

For all data sets, the midpoints of the RCVs were dependent on the position of X1 in the population. Values for X1 below the population mean were more likely to be followed by a higher result, and X1 results above the mean were more likely to be followed by lower results. A model using population mean, reference interval dispersion, and result diagnostic variation provided a good fit with the data sets, and the derived equation predicted the changes seen.

Conclusions

We have demonstrated that the position of X1 within the reference interval creates an asymmetrical RCV. This can be described as a regression to the population mean. Adding this concept to the theory of RCVs will be an important consideration in many cases.
Intermittent Fault Diagnosis Of Product Network Based On PMC Model
Authors: Feng Hao , Wu Jiong , Chen Lin
Published: May 2024

Fault diagnosis of processors plays a critical role in assessing the reliability of multiprocessor systems. The interconnection network’s diagnosability is an important metric for measuring its self-diagnostic capability which has been extensively studied in many novel mutiprocessor systems. Permanent fault diagnosability for many mutiprocessor systems has been determined; however intermittent fault diagnosability is hard to obtain due to its crypticity. In this paper, we focus on the problem pertaining to the diagnosability in the intermittent fault situation. First, by learning the characteristics of intermittent fault diagnosis in PMC model, we propose some theorems and lemmas for intermittent fault diagnosability. Secondly, we give the range of intermittent fault diagnosability of product network. Lastly, by adopting the theorems, we propose an Auto-IFD algorithm to find the intermittent faults of the hypercube network and conduct experiments to verify the theorems.
Collecting and managing in situ banana genetic resources information (Musa spp.) using online resources and citizen science
Authors: Jenny Christophe , Guignon Valentin , Manyer I Ballester Felip , Ruas Max , Rouard Mathieu
Published: May 2024

The Musa Germplasm Information System (MGIS) stands as a pivotal database for managing global banana genetic resources information. In our latest effort, we have expanded MGIS to incorporate in situ observations. We thus incorporated more than 3000 in situ observations from 133 countries primarily sourced from iNaturalist, GBIF, Flickr, Pl@ntNet, Google Street view and expert curation of the literature. This addition provides a more comprehensive and detailed view of banana diversity and its distribution. Additional graphical interfaces, supported by new Drupal modules, were developed, allowing users to compare banana accessions and explore them based on various filters including taxonomy and geographic location. The integrated maps present a unified view, showcasing both in situ observations and the collecting locations of accessions held in germplasm collections. This enhancement not only broadens the scope of MGIS but also promotes a collaborative and open approach in documenting banana diversity, to allow more effective conservation and use of banana germplasm. Furthermore, this work documents a citizen-science approach that could be relevant for other communities.

Database URL: https://www.crop-diversity.org/mgis/musa-in-situ
Vertical distribution and tissue selection of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) adult oviposition and neonates on soybean with an indeterminate or determinate growth habit
Authors: Possebom Taynara , Reisig Dominic , Huseth Anders , Vann Rachel
Published: May 2024

Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) is a polyphagous pest that can cause serious damage to crops, including soybeans (Glycine max L.). In soybeans with both determinate and indeterminate growth habits, H. zea larvae are more commonly found on leaves compared to blooms, stems, and pods. Past research demonstrated that H. zea adults tend to oviposit near the upper part of the plant canopy in soybeans with a determinate growth habit. However, ovipositional selection on soybeans with an indeterminate growth habit is unknown. We hypothesized that H. zea would oviposit more uniformly throughout the canopy on indeterminate soybean growth habits due to more diffuse reproductive tissue. We planted field and greenhouse experiments with varieties sharing a similar relative maturity (2 maturity group [MG] 5.2 varieties and 2 MG 5.4/5.5 varieties) but with different growth habits. To test oviposition selection, adult H. zea females were allowed to oviposit under field and caged conditions. We counted the number of H. zea eggs and neonates on each plant tissue type from each of 3 equal parts in the plant canopy: upper, middle, and lower. In both experiments, eggs and neonates were most common on leaves at the top of the plant regardless of soybean growth habit. Consequently, ovipositional selection is likely independent of reproductive tissue availability, and patterns of oviposition through the canopy are similar in growth habits. An improved understanding of H. zea ecology in soybeans relative to indeterminate growth habits may improve recommendations for managing this significant pest of soybean.