bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Propeller Hydrodynamic Coefficients Using Unsteady Lifting Surface Theory
Authors: Vassilopoulos Lyssimachos , Triantafyllou Michael
Published: December 2022

The prediction of axial, torsional and transverse shaft vibrations of propulsion shafts in the design stage requires accurate knowledge of the hydrodynamic coefficients that describe the propeller contribution to the inertial, damping and coupling effects in the entire system.

The objective of the paper will be to describe a novel numerical procedure for determining these coefficients using a computer program based on unsteady lifting surface theory. Given a description of the propeller geometry, the output of such a method consists of a set of 24 coefficients, eight for coupled axial-torsional vibrations and sixteen for coupled transverse vibrations.

A brief description will first be given of the origin of these coefficients for a propeller vibrating in an unbounded fluid at a prescribed frequency. The paper will then show how the M.I.T. unsteady lifting surface theory computer program was modified and extended in Order to automatically compute these coefficients. Example calculations are given for a controllable pitch propeller.

The axial added mass coefficient is then chosen for detailed comparisons between empirical formulae, tests and detailed calculations. A discussion is finally given of the influence of the various assumptions, the effect of variations of the significant problem parameters and the directions in which future work must proceed to further improve the predictive capability of the developed numerical procedure.
Propeller Tip Vortex Cavitation Noise Inception
Authors: Latorre Robert
Published: December 2022

The recent concern for reducing ship noise has resulted in the necessity of treating propeller cavitation noise. In this paper a review of the work on tip vortex cavitation is used to begin a discussion of propeller hub and tip vortex cavitation noise. Model propeller noise measurements are used to characterize hub and tip vortex cavitation noise. The tip vortex cavitation (TVC) noise envelope is introduced to show how the inception of propeller TVC noise is delayed using propellers with larger pitch-diameter ratios. The propeller TVC noise envelopes are shown to collapse into an equivalent hydrofoil TVC noise envelope. The theoretical simulation of the hydrofoil TVC noise envelope is then outlined. The results of computer calculations for 1/4 SRI hydrofoil with a NACA 4412 section are presented to show the role of the vortex circulation, vortex radius, nuclei size, and cavitation tunnel background noise on tip vortex cavitation noise inception.
Poética de la monstruosidad en los relatos de Jean Richepin
Authors: Pardo Jiménez Pedro
Published: December 2022

Los relatos de Jean Richepin constituyen una expresión singular de la monstruosidad de característica del siglo XIX. En ellos se observa una sobreabundancia manifiesta de personajes ajenos a los estándares de la norma común, que convierte el universo de la ficción en una especie de museo de la rareza biológica, de la perversión sexual y la abyección criminal, de la violencia y de la alienación psíquica: en suma, de todos aquellos rasgos que, según el autor, revelan la animalidad y la irracionalidad humanas. El tratamiento que Richepin hace de estos temas es muy personal: aunque lleva el espectáculo del horror al límite de lo aceptable, lo hace desde un distanciamiento emocional, moral e intelectual que algunos contemporáneos reprobaron como una falta de sinceridad, pero que, paradójicamente, es hoy el aspecto que mejor explica su modernidad.
Ordinary Writing: Theorizing the Affective Structures of the Present in Lauren Berlant and Kathleen Stewart’s The Hundreds
Authors: Fornari López Marcelo
Published: December 2022

The present work explores how affect is conceptualized throughout The Hundreds (2019), a collaborative project between Lauren Berlant and Kathleen Stewart composed of one hundred poems of one hundred words each (or multiples of one hundred). Throughout these poems, the authors affectively reflect on and theorize about everyday life through experimental ethnographic and writing practices, self-imposing a word restraint to their writing with the objective of exploring the creative and theoretical possibilities behind alternative ways of writing affect theory. Focusing on the unique fusion of poetry, ethnography and theory present in their work, this text explores the formal qualities of the poems and how the distinctions between criticism and fiction are blurred through a series of creative and experimental tactics that point towards radical ethical pedagogies and resist neoliberal values in academia. Some of these tactics specifically subvert academic conventions regarding citation, authorship and enunciation, and point towards innovative ways of inhabiting the place of the scholar and understanding academy itself. One of the central questions this investigation seeks to answer is how form is used by Berlant and Stewart in The Hundreds to theorize affect, with a special focus on how their efforts amount to what could speculatively be called «ordinary writing», a method to creatively describe and conceptualize the ordinary.
Más allá del negro: lengua y emoción en la diáspora a partir del poema Synesthesia de Mahtem Shiferraw
Authors: Saiz Mingo Ariadna
Published: December 2022

Más allá de la mayor o menor universalidad del lenguaje que lo vehicula, se parte en este estudio de la poesía como detonador de emociones y evocaciones singulares, pero no por ello únicas. A partir de la lectura del poema Synesthesia (2016) de Mahtem Shiferraw, en el que la autora etíope realiza un recorrido sinestésico por el imaginario de su infancia a través de un particular espectro cromático, hemos recogido las emociones detonadas y los referentes a los que remiten esas gamas cromáticas con la recopilación de textos testimoniales. Nuestro corpus está constituido por un compendio de textos producidos por seis mujeres afrodescendientes en la diáspora cuyo destino final en su itinerario migratorio ha sido Londres. El objetivo central es acercaremos al entramado de emociones individuales que emergen de sus testimonios, para identificar aquellas representaciones recurrentes que vinculan imaginarios a pesar de la distancia lingüística y cultural. Los resultados apuntan a un claro contraste emocional entre el aquí y el allí, a una vivencia en colectivo y fruto de la interacción de esas emociones, y a una construcción identitaria híbrida en el seno de la red de afectos como anclaje con la comunidad de origen. A largo plazo, se trataría de reivindicar el derecho a la emoción plural que puede detonar la lectura de un significante cromático en el imaginario heredado y trasplantado en la diáspora cuando se llega a espacios compartidos como el aula de formación de adultos.
On Affect and Ecopoetics
Authors: Paszkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: December 2022

In this article, I aim to contribute to the discussion on the convergence between affect studies and ecocriticism, especially in its new materialist strands, by focusing on their applicability to the study of poetry. Drawing on Jane Bennett, I set out to explore the potential of poetry to imagine and attend to the worlds beyond the anthropocentric, as well as to engender attentiveness to the nonhuman as theorized in new materialisms. I contend that Bennett’s theorization of affect, vibrant matter, and her model of influx-and-efflux, can be fruitfully thought of in connection to what writer and scholar Julia Fiedorczuk conceptualizes as ecopoetics. In particular, and addressing Fiedorczuk’s ecocriticism and poetic practice, this paper will understand ecopoetics as a means of inducing “an aesthetic-affective openness to material vitality” (Bennett, 2010: x), and it will raise questions about how to write an I in a world of vibrant matter.
El mercado editorial de ELE para niños: principales manuales
Authors: Pablo Núñez Luis
Published: December 2022

Este texto tiene como objeto describir qué manuales hay actualmente en el mercado para la enseñanza a niños de español como nueva lengua: ¿cuántos hay? ¿De qué editoriales? ¿Para qué edades? ¿Con qué metodología? Tras realizar un balance panorámico, se analizan con detalle tres de ellos: El mundo de Valentina de SGEL (para niños de 3 a 7 años), ¡Vamos al circo! y ¡Vamos al cole! de la editorial Klett (para niños de 6 a 10) y Trotamundos de Edelsa (interesante para niños de 10 o más años). El estudio también considera otros aspectos de mercado o comerciales, como precios, formatos y acceso a plataformas en línea.
La encapsulación pronominal en los textos de aprendices adolescentes de español
Authors: Duque Gómez Eladio
Published: December 2022

Este trabajo explora la dimensión referencial y conectiva de la encapsulación anafórica pronominal en los textos de aprendices adolescentes de español como L2. Para ello, se propone un estudio contrastivo de los pronombres neutros ello, esto, eso y aquello a partir de cuatro subcorpus (escritores adolescentes y adultos, nativos y aprendices). El estudio atiende a las construcciones sintácticas en las que los encapsuladores pronominales se incluyen y a las conexiones discursivas que estas construcciones establecen. Los resultados no muestran usos significativos que sean característicos de los aprendices adolescentes. Sí muestran, en cambio, una presencia desproporcionada de los encapsuladores pronominales en los textos de adolescentes nativos, así como construcciones y conexiones discursivas más frecuentes en los dos grupos de aprendices, quienes utilizan en mayor medida la construcción consecutiva por eso y la atributiva encapsulador pronominal + ser. Los nativos, especialmente los adultos, se distinguen por utilizar una mayor variedad de construcciones, lo que les permite establecer conexiones discursivas más complejas
Tratamiento de los niveles lingüísticos en los manuales de español como lengua extranjera para niños y niñas
Authors: Navarro Carrascosa Carles
Published: December 2022

La investigación que aquí se propone supone un análisis de los manuales de español para extranjeros de nivel inicial destinados a niños. El objeto del análisis será el tratamiento de los niveles lingüísticos (el fonético-fonológico, el morfosintáctico, el léxico-semántico y el pragmático) y se comparará la atención  dedicada a cada nivel en un mismo manual y también entre todos los manuales estudiados. El propósito de este estudio será observar si los manuales le otorgan la misma importancia a los distintos niveles de lengua, si la comunicación tiene un papel tan relevante como el resto de niveles y el tipo de actividades que se presentan en cada uno de estos. Por tanto, para el presente artículo se ha diseñado una metodología basada en una ficha de análisis centrada en los cuatro niveles lingüísticos. Son cinco los manuales que se han estudiado: Uno, dos, tres… ¡Ya!, de la editorial enClave ELE; Superdrago, de SGEL; Colega, de Edelsa; Clan7 con ¡Hola, amigos!, de Edinumen; y Lola y Leo, publicado por la editorial Difusión.  Las conclusiones obtenidas giran en torno a la presentación de los contenidos de cada nivel (si es explícita o implícita), la presencia de la comunicación en cada manual (para lo que se analizarán los actos de habla que se plantean para la instrucción) y la relevancia de los distintos niveles de lengua en los métodos de enseñanza.
m6A epitranscriptomic modification regulates neural progenitor-to-glial cell transition in the retina
Authors: Xin Yanling , He Qinghai , Liang Huilin , Zhang Ke , Guo Jingyi , Zhong Qi , Chen Dan , Li Jinyan , Liu Yizhi , Chen Shuyi
Published: December 2022

N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent mRNA internal modification and has been shown to regulate the development, physiology, and pathology of various tissues. However, the functions of the m6A epitranscriptome in the visual system remain unclear. In this study, using a retina-specific conditional knockout mouse model, we show that retinas deficient in Mettl3, the core component of the m6A methyltransferase complex, exhibit structural and functional abnormalities beginning at the end of retinogenesis. Immunohistological and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses of retinogenesis processes reveal that retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and Müller glial cells are the two cell types primarily affected by Mettl3 deficiency. Integrative analyses of scRNA-seq and MeRIP-seq data suggest that m6A fine-tunes the transcriptomic transition from RPCs to Müller cells by promoting the degradation of RPC transcripts, the disruption of which leads to abnormalities in late retinogenesis and likely compromises the glial functions of Müller cells. Overexpression of m6A-regulated RPC transcripts in late RPCs partially recapitulates the Mettl3-deficient retinal phenotype. Collectively, our study reveals an epitranscriptomic mechanism governing progenitor-to-glial cell transition during late retinogenesis, which is essential for the homeostasis of the mature retina. The mechanism revealed in this study might also apply to other nervous systems.
Evidence linking APOBEC3B genesis and evolution of innate immune antagonism by gamma-herpesvirus ribonucleotide reductases
Authors: Moraes Sofia N , Becker Jordan T , Moghadasi Seyed Arad , Shaban Nadine M , Auerbach Ashley A , Cheng Adam Z , Harris Reuben S
Published: December 2022

Viruses have evolved diverse mechanisms to antagonize host immunity such as direct inhibition and relocalization of cellular APOBEC3B (A3B) by the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) of Epstein-Barr virus. Here, we investigate the mechanistic conservation and evolutionary origin of this innate immune counteraction strategy. First, we find that human gamma-herpesvirus RNRs engage A3B via largely distinct surfaces. Second, we show that RNR-mediated enzymatic inhibition and relocalization of A3B depend upon binding to different regions of the catalytic domain. Third, we show that the capability of viral RNRs to antagonize A3B is conserved among gamma-herpesviruses that infect humans and Old World monkeys that encode this enzyme but absent in homologous viruses that infect New World monkeys that naturally lack the A3B gene. Finally, we reconstruct the ancestral primate A3B protein and demonstrate that it is active and similarly engaged by the RNRs from viruses that infect humans and Old World monkeys but not by the RNRs from viruses that infect New World monkeys. These results combine to indicate that the birth of A3B at a critical branchpoint in primate evolution may have been a driving force in selecting for an ancestral gamma-herpesvirus with an expanded RNR functionality through counteraction of this antiviral enzyme.
Economia do crime entre 1975 e 2021: um estudo bibliométrico
Authors: Bezerra Waldemar Antônio das Chagas , Santos Daiane Rodrigues dos , Freitag Alberto Eduardo Besser
Published: December 2022

Este artigo analisa a produção cientifica sobre a economia do crime produzida em todo o mundo, constante de periódicos, livros, conferências e artigos. E ainda, em todas as áreas possíveis sejam economia, medicina, politica, negócios e direito. A criminalidade é um problema da sociedade, e hoje grandes metrópoles enfrentam dificuldades em entender e conter o crime. Os estudos atuais têm grande importância, para produzir informações que expliquem os fatores que atuam na criminalidade. Neste estudo descritivo e exploratório, foi utilizado a bibliometria.  Os dados utilizados foram extraídos de textos constantes na base de dados SCOPUS, e apresentou um total de 613 documentos interdisciplinares e distribuídos em diversos anos. O estudo levou em consideração as características da produção, metodologia e períodos. Os resultados apontam para um aumento das publicações de artigos nos Estados Unidos, Rússia e Reino Unido, com ênfase na língua inglesa. Ademais, os números demonstram uma evolução crescente sobre o assunto após a virada do século com grandes contribuições econômico-sociais.
Knowledge and Abilities of Music Teachers in Primary and Secondary Schools: A Survey of Graduates from a Normal University in GuiZhou, China
Authors: Ke Liu , Othman Johan Awang Bin
Published: December 2022

The teaching quality of primary and secondary schools is closely related to the level of teachers’ knowledge and abilities. Besides, the level of teachers’ knowledge and abilities is directly related to the quality of teachers’ pre-service education. In this research, 177 teachers who work in primary and secondary schools and graduated from a music major at a normal university in Guizhou from 2016 to 2020 were surveyed by random sampling to identify the current knowledge and abilities of primary and secondary music teachers. Apart from that, Excel and SPSS software were used for the statistical analysis of questionnaire data. As shown by the results, the music teachers in primary and secondary schools have a solid grasp of the laws and regulations related to education, knowledge, and subject-professional knowledge, but their abilities of subject-professional skills and comprehensive abilities need to be improved, especially the abilities of music creation, choreography, small band rehearsal, and information technology application and research abilities. It is hoped that this research could provide enlightenment and references for the reform and development of music teachers’ pre-service education in primary and secondary schools in China.
Exacum paucisquamum (Gentianaceae): A New Record for Odisha State from Bonai Forest Division, Odisha, India
Authors: N. Sanath Kumar , Mishra Sweta , Kumar Sanjeet
Published: December 2022

Exacum paucisquamum (C. B. Clarke) Klack., so far known only from Western & Eastern Himalayas in India, is reported for the first time from Odisha state. A detailed description of the species, including its phenology, distribution and photographs along with documented associated plants are provided for easy identification in the field. The authors observed it under the leaf litter in moist deciduous forest of Bonai Forest Division, Odisha, India. Therefore, the prevention of forest fire is important to conserve the plants growing associated with leaf litter. The occurrence of E. paucisquamum also indicates the healthy forest of the study areas and further need more exploration works on floral diversity.
Genetic Diversity and Evaluation of Assembled Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm for Breeding Purposes in Northern Ghana
Authors: Abebrese Samuel Oppong , Mustapha Sanatu Alidu , Alex Okyere Kumi
Published: December 2022

Background of the Study: Rice (Oryza sativa L) is an important staple food crop that feed over half of the global population and it has become the cereal that provides a major source of calories for the urban and rural poor in Africa. Rice has is the second most important food staple after maize in Ghana and its consumption keeps increasing as a result of population growth, urbanization and change in consumer habits. Rice yield across Ghana is far below achievable yield. The need for increasing rice yield depends not only on cultural/traditional practices but also on their inbuilt genetic potential to withstand stresses. Adequate diverse rice germplasm is a pre-requisite for breeding varieties to meet local biotic, abiotic and grain quality challenges. Knowledge of germplasm diversity and genetic relationships among breeding materials is valuable information for crop improvement.

Aim: To identify the diversity among assembled rice germplasms for evaluation and possibly exploit its genetic variability for earliness for cultivation in the Guinea and Sudan Savanna ecologies.

Study Design: The experiment was conducted at CSIR-SARI research station, Nyanpkala. Using a Randomized Complete Block Design with two replications, and a plot size of 4 m x 3 m was used. Field data taken included 10 qualitative and 11 quantitative traits. The data were statistically analyzed for various descriptive statistics.

Results: Correlation analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster analysis were used to assess genetic variability. Most of the morphological traits showed remarkable differences in their distribution. Five significant principal components were identified accounting for 78.11% of the total variation. Cluster analysis based on the morphological data grouped the germplasm into two distinct clusters suggesting diversity among the assembled rice germplasms.

Conclusions: The rice germplasm used in the present study displayed variability for most of the studied traits with the exception of ligule. Twenty one out of the 100 germplasm were distant from the rest, and were selected to constitute a core collection for further improvement.

Recommendations: Diversity revealed in this study is narrow. It is, therefore, recommended that rice breeding programs in Ghana should include new genetically unrelated genotypes in order to broaden the genetic base of Ghanaian rice germplasm.
The Influence of Viscosity on the Antimicrobial Activity of Simple Alcoholic-Based Hand Sanitizer for Infection of Covid-19 in Nigeria
Authors: Ugochukwu J. I. , Ugo D. C. , Gbadegesin O. D. , Nzekwe I. T.
Published: December 2022

Aim: This study was carried out to analyze and evaluate the influence of viscosity on the antimicrobial activity of simple alcoholic-based hand sanitizer preparations.

Methods: The preparation of different viscosities of hand sanitizer was done by the introduction of carbomer to define its physicochemical stability. Two folds serial dilution of the test product using isopropyl alcohol and ethanol as alcohols and biocide efficiency to determine the antimicrobial activity using killing time assay were carried out.

Results: The pH was adjusted to 7.29 and 7.11 respectively, which shows the neutrality of the products.   More so, the pH of the two test products proved to be good and hence, stable. In terms of viscosity, it decreased as the concentration decreased at 0.07% for most of the organisms which indicated good antimicrobial activity on the bacterial and fungi strain used. However, concentrations of isopropyl-formulated test product were more effective than the ethanol-based product on the bacterial strains, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa having the highest percentage of microbial death at 92.5%.  Although, the ethanol-based products showed higher antimicrobial activity against fungi strains than the isopropyl test product.

Conclusion: Viscosity influences the activities of alcohol-based hand sanitizers since less viscous test product has a less concentration. Thus, more water denatures the proteins of the microorganism and limits the release of the active ingredient from the formulation. Sequel to this, viscosity enhancers like thickeners and gelling agents like carbomer should be used minimally in the formulation of these products.
Gaussian-Hybrid Numbers Obtained From Pell and Pell-Lucas Sequences
Authors: Gökbaş Hasan
Published: December 2022

In this study, we define a new type of Pell and Pell-Lucas numbers which are called Gaussian-hybrid Pell and Pell-Lucas numbers. We also give negaGaussian-hybrid Pell and Pell-Lucas numbers, the characteristic number and the type number of Gaussian-hybrid Pell and Pell-Lucas numbers. Also, some sum ve product properties of Pell and Pell-Lucas numbers are given. Moreover, we obtain the Binet’s formula, generating function formula, d’Ocagne’s identity, Catalan’s identity, Cassini’s identity and some sum formulas for the Gaussian-hybrid Pell and Pell-Lucas numbers. Some algebraic proporties of Gaussian-hybrid Pell and Pell-Lucas numbers are investigated. Futhermore, we give the matrix representation of Gaussian-hybrid Pell and Pell-Lucas numbers.
Role of Multi Slice Computed Tomography in Assessment of Transposition of Great Arteries
Authors: Elghoul Hebatallah Shalaby , Zaitoun Hossam Mohammed , Elsheihk Raghda Ghonimy , Shaker Neveen Seif Al Islam
Published: December 2022

Background: Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a congenital conotruncal malformation. Imaging has an essential role in evaluating TGA, both prior and post-surgery, aiding in defining the anatomy, quantifying hemodynamics, and assessing complications. This research evaluated the multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) role in TGA assessment in correlation with echocardiogram and correction either by catheterization or surgically.

Methods: This prospective trial was carried out on 20 cases with suspected or diagnosed cases of TGA and underwent MSCT heart angiography and great vessels for diagnosis confirmation, had limited or incomplete visualization of transposition of great arteries during echocardiography (echo) examination or underwent TGA operations and post-operative follow up. All patients were subjected to history taking from the parents, echo and MSCT.

Results: ECHO can significantly predict TGA (AUC= 0.856, P value <0.001) at cut off ≤6.6 with 79.95% sensitivity, 84.62% specificity, 88.2% PPV and 73.3% NPV. MSCT can significantly predict TGA (AUC= 0.877, P value <0.001) at cut off ≤0.16 with 89.47% sensitivity, 76.92% specificity, 85% PPV and 83.3% NPV. By comparing between ECHO and MSCT as predictors at the same time.

Conclusions: MSCT and transthoracic echocardiogram combination can provide effective and safe imaging for preoperative evaluation, but for post-operative assessment of surgically operated/ catheterized TGA cases, MSCT angiography is the method of choice.
Effects of Diabetes and Hypertension on Placenta
Authors: Khatoon Fahmida , Alshammari Reem Falah , Alturki Atheer , Alarfaj Rasha , Abdalla Rania Abdeen Hussin , Elhaj Abeer Hassan , Almughais Ebtehaj Saud , Alreshidi Fatima Fahad , Aboras Rana , Elhag Amel Bakri M. , Balouch Zahid
Published: December 2022

Placental insufficiency is the failure of the placenta to supply nutrients to the fetus and remove toxic wastes; it is a common cause of intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal distress peri and postnatal mortality. Specifically gestational diabetes and hypertension during pregnancy alters placental architecture which contributes to insufficiency of the placenta. Placenta is the most accurate record of infant’s prenatal experiences. Clinical condition such as hypertension and diabetes that complicate pregnancy leads to significant structural changes in placenta, these histological changes and  morphological alterations in placenta lead to insufficiency, resulting in IUGR and fetal distress. In the present study morphology of placentas collected from diabetic and hypertensive pregnancy will be observed, the histo-pathological findings will be recorded and correlated to birth weight, APGAR scores and congenital anomalies of babies and will be compared to the findings in normal placentas also. This study will be beneficial for obstetrician and pediatrician in gathering knowledge about patho genesis of placental insufficiency; it will add to the knowledge on placental morphology and will high light the abnormalities in placental  anatomy.
Quantitative and Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and Anti-Microbial Activities of Argemone mexicana Linn
Authors: Fawehinmi A. B. , Lawal Hassan , Chimezie E. U. , Ola-Adedoyin A. T.
Published: December 2022

Argemone mexicana L is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for its curative properties. The observed activities could be due to the presence of phytochemicals present in the plant. The purpose of this study is to carry out the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the constituent phytochemicals of Ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of the plant as well as determine its microbial activities against some selected bacteria and fungi. Results showed that alkaloid is present in both ethanol and aqueous samples. Terpenoid is present in aqueous sample but abundantly present in ethanol sample. Phenol is present in aqueous sample but abundantly present in ethanol sample. Steroids are present in ethanol sample but absent in aqueous sample.  While anthraquinones are present in the aqueous sample, the quantity is not much compared with what was obtained from the ethanol sample. Cardiac glycoside is absent in both samples but flavonoid is present in both samples. It was observed that saponins and tannins were abundantly present in the ethanol extract but not much in the aqueous extract. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that for aqueous extract, alkaloid is 9.5 % w/w, flavonoid (0.36% w/w), saponin (4.7%w/w), tannin (0.1% w/w) terpenoid (0.45 w/w) and total phenol (0.65% w/w). For ethanol extract it was alkaloid (9.7 %w/w), flavonoid (1.59% w/w), saponin (6.3% w/w), tannin (1.06% w/w), terpenoid (0.75% w/w) and total phenol (0.74% w/w). The MIC and MBC measured in µg/mL of ethanol and aqueous samples against Staphylococcus aureus were (3.125:6.25) and (12.5:12.5) respectively. Bacillus subtilis (25:25) and (25;25), Escherichia coil (6.25: 25) and (12.5: 50), Salmonella typhi (>50: 25) and (6.25: 12.5), Klebsiella pneumonia (12.5:25) and (1.56:6.25), Pseudomonas aeruginosal (50:50) and (3.125:6.25), Tricophytum rubrum (25:25) and (3.125: 3.125), Candida albican (25:25) and (6.25:12.5) respectively. All Our study showed that the plant has high potential as an antifungal and antibacterial agent.
Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults
Authors: Gandhi Rajesh T. , Bedimo Roger , Hoy Jennifer F. , Landovitz Raphael J. , Smith Davey M. , Eaton Ellen F. , Lehmann Clara , Springer Sandra A. , Sax Paul E. , Thompson Melanie A. , Benson Constance A. , Buchbinder Susan P. , del Rio Carlos , Eron Joseph J. , Günthard Huldrych F. , Molina Jean-Michel , Jacobsen Donna M. , Saag Michael S.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Recent advances in treatment and prevention of HIV warrant updated recommendations to guide optimal practice.

Objective

Based on a critical evaluation of new data, to provide clinicians with recommendations on use of antiretroviral drugs for the treatment and prevention of HIV, laboratory monitoring, care of people aging with HIV, substance use disorder and HIV, and new challenges in people with HIV, including COVID-19 and monkeypox virus infection.

Evidence Review

A panel of volunteer expert physician scientists were appointed to update the 2020 consensus recommendations. Relevant evidence in the literature (PubMed and Embase searches, which initially yielded 7891 unique citations, of which 834 were considered relevant) and studies presented at peer-reviewed scientific conferences between January 2020 and October 2022 were considered.

Findings

Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended as soon as possible after diagnosis of HIV. Barriers to care should be addressed, including ensuring access to ART and adherence support. Integrase strand transfer inhibitor–containing regimens remain the mainstay of initial therapy. For people who have achieved viral suppression with a daily oral regimen, long-acting injectable therapy with cabotegravir plus rilpivirine given as infrequently as every 2 months is now an option. Weight gain and metabolic complications have been linked to certain antiretroviral medications; novel strategies to ameliorate these complications are needed. Management of comorbidities throughout the life span is increasingly important, because people with HIV are living longer and confronting the health challenges of aging. In addition, management of substance use disorder in people with HIV requires an evidence-based, integrated approach. Options for preexposure prophylaxis include oral medications (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir alafenamide plus emtricitabine) and, for the first time, a long-acting injectable agent, cabotegravir. Recent global health emergencies, like the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and monkeypox virus outbreak, continue to have a major effect on people with HIV and the delivery of services. To address these and other challenges, an equity-based approach is essential.

Conclusions and Relevance

Advances in treatment and prevention of HIV continue to improve outcomes, but challenges and opportunities remain.
Association of Remdesivir Treatment With Mortality Among Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Chokkalingam Anand P. , Hayden Jennifer , Goldman Jason D. , Li Hu , Asubonteng Julius , Mozaffari Essy , Bush Christopher , Wang Jocelyn R. , Kong Amanda , Osinusi Anu O. , Gottlieb Robert L.
Published: December 2022

Importance

SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, poses considerable morbidity and mortality risks. Studies using data collected during routine clinical practice can supplement randomized clinical trials to provide needed evidence, especially during a global pandemic, and can yield markedly larger sample sizes to assess outcomes for important patient subgroups.

Objective

To evaluate the association of remdesivir treatment with inpatient mortality among patients with COVID-19 outside of the clinical trial setting.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A retrospective cohort study in US hospitals using health insurance claims data linked to hospital chargemaster data from December 1, 2018, to May 3, 2021, was conducted among 24 856 adults hospitalized between May 1, 2020, and May 3, 2021, with newly diagnosed COVID-19 who received remdesivir and 24 856 propensity score–matched control patients.

Exposure

Remdesivir treatment.

Main Outcomes and Measures

All-cause inpatient mortality within 28 days of the start of remdesivir treatment for the remdesivir-exposed group or the matched index date for the control group.

Results

A total of 24 856 remdesivir-exposed patients (12 596 men [50.7%]; mean [SD] age, 66.8 [15.4] years) and 24 856 propensity score–matched control patients (12 621 men [50.8%]; mean [SD] age, 66.8 [15.4] years) were included in the study. Median follow-up was 6 days (IQR, 4-11 days) in the remdesivir group and 5 days (IQR, 2-10 days) in the control group. There were 3557 mortality events (14.3%) in the remdesivir group and 3775 mortality events (15.2%) in the control group. The 28-day mortality rate was 0.5 per person-month in the remdesivir group and 0.6 per person-month in the control group. Remdesivir treatment was associated with a statistically significant 17% reduction in inpatient mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 compared with propensity score–matched control patients (hazard ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.79-0.87]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this retrospective cohort study using health insurance claims and hospital chargemaster data, remdesivir treatment was associated with a significantly reduced inpatient mortality overall among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Results of this analysis using data collected during routine clinical practice and state-of-the-art methods complement results from randomized clinical trials. Future areas of research include assessing the association of remdesivir treatment with inpatient mortality during the circulation of different variants and relative to time from symptom onset.
Screening of an annexin‐A2‐targeted heptapeptide for pancreatic adenocarcinoma localization
Authors: Ma Heyao , Jiang Kai , Hong Yuhan , Lei Yu , Fan Yue , Jiang Wenjian , Zhao Lei , Liu Jinyang , Yao Weifan , Xu Jiao , He Miao , Wei Minjie
Published: December 2022

Annexin A2 (ANXA2) encodes an oncoprotein whose expression has been found to correlate with poorer overall survival (OS) of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) patients. Although peptides are available for targeting ANXA2, none of these were initially selected to target this protein specifically. Here, we took ANXA2 as a molecular target for PAAD and employed the phage display technique to screen for a new ANXA2‐targeted peptide. The resultant heptapeptide, YW7, was firstly labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to evaluate its selectivity in cellular uptake, and further with the near‐infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dye Cy7 to assess in vivo distribution in a mouse model bearing PANC‐1 human pancreatic cancer xenografic tumors. We found that both FITC‐YW7 and Cy7‐YW7 probes showed significantly higher uptake in PANC‐1 cells compared to the HPDE6‐C7 pancreatic epithelium cells. Mice intravenously injected with Cy7‐YW7 showed higher tumor‐to‐background ratios (TBRs) (~ 2.7‐fold) in tumor tissues compared to those injected with Cy7 alone. Our study suggested that YW7 is a novel peptide targeting ANXA2 and Cy7‐YW7 is an NIRF probe potentially useful for the early detection of PAAD.
The systemic inflammation markers as possible indices for predicting respiratory failure and outcome in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Huang Xiaoyu , Xu Mingming , Wang Yingying , Zhang Zhouao , Li Fengzhan , Chen Xiao , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study aimed to explore the relationship between systemic inflammation markers and clinical activity, respiratory failure, and prognosis in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).

Methods

One hundred and seventeen MG patients and 120 controls were enrolled in this study. Differences in the four immune‐related markers of two groups based on blood cell counts: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) were measured. The stability of the associations between systemic inflammation markers and respiratory failure in MG patients was confirmed by adjusted logistic regression analysis. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier curve and multivariate COX regression models were applied to assess the factors affecting the outcome of MG.

Results

NLR, PLR, and SII were higher in MG patients than those in controls and were positively associated with MGFA classification, but not LMR. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that PLR was an independent predictor of MG with respiratory failure. The ROC curve demonstrated that PLR showed good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of MG with respiratory failure. Kaplan–Meier curve showed that GMG, positive AchR‐Ab, respiratory failure, high NLR, PLR, SII, and IVIg exposure correlated with the risk for poor outcomes in MG patients. The multivariate COX regression models indicated that GMG and high SII was a risk factor for poor outcome of MG.

Interpretation

The systemic inflammation markers expressed abnormally in MG patients, in which PLR may be an independent predictor of respiratory failure, and high SII and GMG were predictive risk factors for poor outcomes in MG patients.
Characterization of the Anisotropy in the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Ti6Al4V Alloys
Authors: Huang Qing , Ge Jinguo , Wang Yao , Bao Jiading , He Siliang , Zhang Zhenjie , Zhang Liang
Published: December 2022

Herein, near‐full‐density Ti6Al4V components are prepared by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties in different deposition planes are investigated to explore their anisotropic behavior. The internal defects of the LPBF‐fabricated Ti6Al4V components mainly included round‐like pores, primarily caused by metal vapor and entrapped gas during solidification. The microstructure of the horizontal plane consists of a large amount of α′/α martensite within a near‐equiaxed β matrix. In addition to similar acicular martensites, the columnar β grains within the vertical plane are induced by the steep thermal gradient along the deposition direction. Compared to that in the vertical plane, the microhardness in the horizontal plane is improved mainly due to the grain boundary strengthening mechanism. The transverse tensile strength and elongation are superior to the longitudinal ones, and the failure mode is transformed from ductile to brittle. Such anisotropic behavior in the tensile properties is primarily attributed to the varied microstructural evolution in the different deposition planes. This work demonstrates that LPBF‐fabricated Ti6Al4V alloys contain acicular α′/α martensites, which consequently enhance the strength/hardness properties, despite the anisotropic performances caused by the columnar β grains.
Advances in Lipid‐Based Codelivery Systems for Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Jogdeo Chinmay M. , Panja Sudipta , Kanvinde Shrey , Kapoor Ekta , Siddhanta Kasturi , Oupický David
Published: December 2022

Combination therapy targeting multiple therapeutic targets is a favorable strategy to achieve better therapeutic outcomes in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Codelivery is a subfield of drug delivery that aims to achieve combined delivery of diverse therapeutic cargoes within the same delivery system, thereby ensuring delivery to the same site and providing an opportunity to tailor the release kinetics as desired. Among the wide range of materials being investigated in the design of codelivery systems, lipids have stood out on account of their low toxicity, biocompatibility, and ease of formulation scale‐up. This review highlights the advances of the last decade in lipid‐based codelivery systems focusing on the codelivery of drug–drug, drug–nucleic acid, nucleic acid–nucleic acid, and protein therapeutic‐based combinations for targeted therapy in cancer and inflammatory diseases.
Highly Aligned Graphene Oxide for Lithium Storage in Lithium‐Ion Battery Through A Novel Microfluidic Process: The Pulse Freezing
Authors: Liu Yifan , Ho Kane , Hwang Dae Kun , Zarrin Hadis
Published: December 2022

The modification of carbon‐based lithium‐ion batteries electrodes is required for the growing need of more reliable electric vehicles. Herein, a new method is introduced to fabricate vertically aligned graphene oxide (GO) films as free‐standing carbon lithium hosts for lithium‐ion batteries with enhanced performance. Vertical alignments are induced of GO in a microfluidic channel by controlling flow rates and patterns of GO suspensions. The vertical alignments are preserved and spontaneously form porous microstructures by Pulse Freezing the GO solutions inside the channel. This combined process results in the increase of levels of microstructure porosity and vertical alignment of GO films. The alignment and porous microstructures increase both electron and ion transfer capabilities across the prepared film. The half‐cell performance of aligned GO films shows a specific capacity of 440 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 after 150 cycles. This is a 190% specific capacity increase compared to the performance of a half‐cell prepared with GO without the high level of vertical alignment and microporosity. The significant increase in the value and stability of specific capacity and higher rates of charge transfer favor the promising application of carbon‐based lithium‐ion batteries for electric transportation industries.
Effect of Tamm Surface States on Landau Damping in Metal–Semiconductor Nanostructures
Authors: Uskov Alexander V. , Smetanin Igor V. , Protsenko Igor E. , Willatzen Morten , Nikonorov Nikolay V.
Published: December 2022

The hot electron generation in plasmonic nanoparticles is the key to efficient plasmonic photocatalysis. Here, the effect of Tamm states (TSs) at the metal–semiconductor interface on hot electron generation and Landau damping (LD) in metal nanoparticles is studied theoretically for the first time. TSs can lead to resonant hot electron generation and to the LD rate enhanced by several times. The resonant hot electron generation is reinforced by thetransitionabsorption due to the jump of the permittivity at the metal–semiconductor interface. Since electron states in the metal and the quasi‐discrete TS are coupledcoherently(“bound state in continuum”), the absorption spectrum of light by electrons has a Fano‐type shape. The results demonstrate clearly the importance of taking into account details of the semiconductor band structure and surface states at the metal–semiconductor interface, including Tamm surface states, for a proper description of the hot carrier generation and LD. The results are in correspondence with earlier experimental works on coherent electron transport and chemical‐induced damping in plasmonic nanostructures. Thus, by judicious selection of semiconductor materials with Tamm surface states one can engineer decay rates and hot carrier production for important applications, such as photodetection and photochemistry.
Anchoring Cs4PbBr6 Crystals to PbSe Nanocrystals for the Fabrication of UV/VIS/NIR Photodetectors Using Halide Surface Chemistry
Authors: Ahn Junhyuk , Jung Byung Ku , Kim Woosik , Lee Yong Min , Bang Junsung , Lee Sang Yeop , Park Taesung , Choi Young Kyun , Bae Jung Ho , Oh Soong Ju
Published: December 2022

Nanocrystal (NC)‐in‐matrix solids are currently attracting considerable research attention in the fields of materials science and engineering owing to their unique optoelectronic characteristics and high stability. However, the interaction between the NC surface and the matrix has been veiled and induces interface defect states that degrade the performance of photovoltaics. In this study, the effect of halide ligands on the formation of a Cs4PbBr6 (CPB) crystal matrix by determining the surfaces of PbSe NCs is investigated. The surface of the PbSe NCs is passivated with halide ions (Cl−, Br−, or I−), and the CPB crystal matrix is formed via PbBr2/CsBr treatment onto the PbSe NCs. The effects of different halide ions on the nucleation/growth of the CPB matrix are examined by chemical, structural, and optical analyses. It is found that each halide ligand has a distinct effect not only on the anchoring of CPB but also on its carrier transport mechanisms. To characterize the electronic properties of the NC matrix, its carrier mobility, photoresponsivity, and stability are measured using field‐effect transistors. Consequently, it is demonstrated that more densely passivated PbSe NCs form a higher‐quality CPB matrix. Using a NC matrix, ultraviolet‐/visible‐/near‐infrared‐active flexible photodetectors are achieved.
Physical Vapor Transport Growth of Antiferromagnetic CrCl3 Flakes Down to Monolayer Thickness
Authors: Wang Jia , Ahmadi Zahra , Lujan David , Choe Jeongheon , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Li Xiaoqin , Shield Jeffrey E. , Hong Xia
Published: December 2022

The van der Waals magnets CrX3 (X = I, Br, and Cl) exhibit highly tunable magnetic properties and are promising candidates for developing novel two‐dimensional (2D) spintronic devices such as magnetic tunnel junctions and spin tunneling transistors. Previous studies of the antiferromagnetic CrCl3 have mainly focused on mechanically exfoliated samples. Controlled synthesis of high quality atomically thin flakes is critical for their technological implementation but has not been achieved to date. This work reports the growth of large CrCl3 flakes down to monolayer thickness via the physical vapor transport technique. Both isolated flakes with well‐defined facets and long stripe samples with the trilayer portion exceeding 60 µm have been obtained. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy studies show that the CrCl3 flakes are single crystalline in the monoclinic structure, consistent with the Raman results. The room temperature stability of the CrCl3 flakes decreases with decreasing thickness. The tunneling magnetoresistance of graphite/CrCl3/graphite tunnel junctions confirms that few‐layer CrCl3 possesses in‐plane magnetic anisotropy and Néel temperature of 17 K. This study paves the path for developing CrCl3‐based scalable 2D spintronic applications.