bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interface Dipole Management of D–A‐Type Molecules for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Hongze , Wang Junbo , He Qingyun , Chang Jingxi , Chen Shaoyu , Zhong Chongyu , Wu Mengyang , Zhao Xiangru , Chen Haoyu , Tian Qiushuang , Li Mubai , Lai Jingya , Yang Yingguo , Li Renzhi , Wu Bo , Huang Wei , Qin Tianshi , Wang Fangfang
Published: May 2024

Interfacial engineering of perovskite films has been the main strategies in improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, three new donor‐acceptor (D–A)‐type interfacial dipole (DAID) molecules with hole‐transporting and different anchoring units are designed and employed in PSCs. The formation of interface dipoles by the DAID molecules on the perovskite film can efficiently modulate the energy level alignment, improve charge extraction, and reduce non‐radiative recombination. Among the three DAID molecules, TPA‐BAM with amide group exhibits the best chemical and optoelectrical properties, achieving a champion PCE of 25.29 % with the enhanced open‐circuit voltage of 1.174 V and fill factor of 84.34 %, due to the reduced defect density and improved interfacial hole extraction. Meanwhile, the operational stability of the unencapsulated device has been significantly improved. Our study provides a prospect for rationalized screening of interfacial dipole materials for efficient and stable PSCs.
A Cages‐on‐Cluster Structure Constructed by Post‐Clustering Covalent Modifications and Guest‐Enabled Stimuli‐Responsive Luminescence
Authors: Yang Yang , Guo Shan , Zhang Qian , Guan Zong‐Jie , Wang Quan‐Ming
Published: May 2024

A gold(I)‐cluster‐based twin‐cage has been constructed by post‐clustering covalent modification of a hexa‐aldehyde cluster precursor with triaminotriethylamines. The cages‐on‐cluster structure has double cavities and four binding sites, which show site‐discriminative binding for silver(I) and copper(I) guests. The guests in the tripodal hats affect the luminescence of the cluster: the tetra‐silver(I) host–guest complex is weakly red‐emissive, while the bis‐copper(I)‐bis‐silver(I) one is non‐emissive but is a stimuli‐responsive supramolecule. The copper(I) ion inside the tri‐imine cavity is oxidation sensitive, which enables the release of the bright emissive precursor cluster triggered by H2O2 solution. The hybridization of a cluster with cavities to construct a cluster‐based cage presents an innovative concept for functional cluster design, and the post‐clustering covalent modification opens up new avenues for finely tuning the properties of clusters.
How fish populations in Lake Bafa (Western Anatolia) respond to ecological shifts
Authors: Kurtul Irmak , Kaya Cüneyt , Kaykaç Hakan , Ilhan Ali , Düzbastilar F. Ozan , Tosunoğlu Zafer , Sari Hasan M. , Balzani Paride , Tarkan Ali Serhan , Haubrock Phillip J.
Published: May 2024

Long‐term biodiversity monitoring is crucial for freshwater ecosystems as it enables the detection of even subtle changes and biodiversity trends, guiding conservation efforts and ensuring the sustainability of these vital habitats. Despite becoming more commonly considered in the field of freshwater ecology and biological invasions, studies using long‐term time series from Türkiye's freshwater resources have remained scarce.

To assess the availability of data and ultimately present a baseline for future efforts, we combined published museum records and samples from recent field studies from the highly anthropogenically‐altered Lake Bafa in Western Anatolia covering the period 1958–2019.

Lake Bafa has a very diverse aquatic ecosystem, providing habitat for both freshwater and saltwater species, and is one of the allottees in Türkiye's inland fish production. In the current study, we investigated how fish populations in Lake Bafa were affected by environmental changes and examined changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of non‐native species over time.

The analyses revealed—concomitant to an increase in native marine and freshwater species richness—an increase in non‐native species richness over time. Non‐native species did not interfere with native species' niche space, whereas applied models indicate that in this highly altered ecosystem, foremost temperature and salinity shaped the fish community over time, limiting the impacts of non‐native species.

These results have implications for the fishery of the lake, which includes highly valuable catadromous fish species, highlighting the value and importance of collecting long‐term data in Türkiye to better understand both invasion dynamics and changes in the naturality of Turkish ecosystems. These findings further underline the importance of long‐term data to create new management strategies for the lake and to start restoration processes, thus improving fisheries management.
Investigation of zinc polycarboxylate cement used in dental treatments in terms of retrospective dosimeter
Authors: Toktamış Hüseyin , Halidoğlu Muhammed , Toktamış Dilek
Published: May 2024

Zinc polycarboxylate cement is one of the few dental materials that demonstrate true adhesion to tooth structure. It is suitable for use in living organisms without causing harm. Its strong adhesion to teeth and low level of irritancy are two important parameters for the dental applications. In this study, the dosimetry properties of zinc polycarboxylate cement using thermoluminescence (TL) method were investigated and determined the effectiveness of its use as a good dosimeter. According to the results of this study, the sample shows a good TL properties with three main peaks found around 140°C, 220°C and 330°C. It has a wide linear dose response between 72 Gy and 2.3 kGy and good reusability of the TL peak found at 330°C. Unfortunately, the TL peak intensity values are rapidly faded within a short waiting time interval. Zinc polycarboxylate cement, which is frequently used in dental crowns, can be used as a retrospective dosimeter for measuring the amount of radiation in space studies and nuclear accidents due to its wide linear dose–response curve in the high dose region.
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Can Change the Composition of Secondary Metabolites in Fruits of Solanum nigrum L.
Authors: Rashidi Sakineh , Yousefi Ali Reza , Mastinu Andrea
Published: May 2024

Solanum nigrum is a common weed in arable land, while being used in traditional medicine around the world due to its remarkable levels of valuable secondary metabolites. Agronomic and biological techniques can alter the production of a specific metabolite by influencing plant growth and metabolism. The effects of colonization with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), including Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizoglomus intraradices, and Rhizoglomus fasciculatum, on the chemical composition of S. nigrum fruits were evaluated by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis. More than 100 different chemical constituents were evaluated by GC‐MS. Our study revealed that the levels of phenols (quinic acid), benzenes (hydroquinone), sulfur‐containing compounds, lactone and carboxylic acids were improved by R. intraradices. In contrast, hydroxymethylfurfural increased by 68 % in R. fasciculatum inoculated with uninoculated S. nigrum plants, and this species was also the most efficient in inducing sugar compounds (D‐galactose, lactose, and melezitose). Our results suggest that AMF colonization is an effective biological strategy that can alter the chemical composition and improve the medicinal properties of S. nigrum.
Marcytoglobosins A and B, Cytochalasans From a Marine Sponge Associated Chaetomium globosum 162105 Fungus
Authors: Miao Xian‐Xian , Hong Li‐Li , Liu Hong‐Yan , Shang Ru‐Yi , Jiao Wei‐Hua , Xu Shi‐Hai , Lin Hou‐Wen
Published: May 2024

Two new cytochalasans, marcytoglobosins A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the marine sponge associated fungus Chaetomium globosum 162105, along with six known compounds (3–8). The complete structures of two new compounds were determined based on 1D/2D NMR and HR‐MS spectroscopic analyses coupled with ECD calculations. All eight isolates were evaluated for their antibacterial activity. Among them, compounds 3–8 displayed antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Edwardsiella piscicida with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 10 to 25 μg/mL.
Suspending suspensions: A way to re‐envision subjective causes of suspensions
Authors: Aswad Yvorn , Knapp‐Ines Kristin , Ead Alicia
Published: May 2024

An elementary student was eating an orange in class. Noting that it was not lunch time, her teacher asked her to put the orange away — multiple times. The student was concerned about getting in trouble but was more worried about the hunger she felt. She persisted in eating her orange. The teacher found this to be “deliberate disobedience” and threatened disciplinary action due to non‐compliance. The student, feeling nervous, and frightened, eloped from her classroom. Immediately, the teacher now in a state of alert herself, panicked and called for the support team reporting that she eloped with “something she should not have in her hand.”
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2024

The benefits of lithium for BD and CD

Links between genetics and psychosis in use of psychedelics
Final 5‐year report of BIONYX comparing the thin‐composite wire‐strut zotarolimus‐eluting stent versus ultrathin‐strut sirolimus‐eluting stent
Authors: van Vliet Daphne , Ploumen Eline H. , Pinxterhuis Tineke H. , Buiten Rosaly A. , Aminian Adel , Schotborgh Carl E. , Danse Peter W. , Roguin Ariel , Anthonio Rutger L. , Benit Edouard , Zocca Paolo , Doggen Carine J. M. , von Birgelen Clemens
Published: May 2024

Background

The BIONYX randomized trial is the first study to evaluate the Resolute Onyx durable polymer‐coated zotarolimus‐eluting stent (ZES) in all‐comers. Furthermore, it is the first trial to assess safety and efficacy of this stent versus the Orsiro biodegradable‐polymer sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES) in all‐comers, paying particular attention to patients with diabetes. It has previously shown promising results until 3 years of follow‐up.

Aims

We aimed to assess long‐term clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with Onyx ZES versus Orsiro SES at 5‐year follow‐up.

Methods

The main composite endpoint was target vessel failure (TVF): cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization. Time to primary and secondary endpoints was assessed using Kaplan–Meier methods, applying the log‐rank test for between‐group comparison.

Results

Follow‐up was available in 2414/2488 (97.0%) patients. After 5 years, TVF showed no significant difference between Onyx ZES and Orsiro SES (12.7% vs. 13.7%, hazard ratio [HR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.75–1.17], plog‐rank = 0.55). Landmark analysis between 3‐ and 5‐year follow‐up found a lower target lesion revascularization rate for Onyx ZES (1.1% vs. 2.4%, HR 0.47, 95% CI [0.24–0.93], plog‐rank = 0.026). A prespecified subgroup analysis showed no significant between‐stent difference in clinical outcome among patients with diabetes. After treatment with Onyx ZES, patients aged ≥75 years had significantly lower rates of TVF (13.8% vs. 21.9%, HR 0.60, 95% CI [0.39–0.93], plog‐rank = 0.023).

Conclusions

The final 5‐year analysis of the randomized BIONYX trial showed favorable and similar long‐term outcomes of safety and efficacy for Onyx ZES and Orsiro SES in both all‐comers and patients with diabetes.
Synthesis‐Structure‐Catalysis Relations in CHA Zeolites Applied for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with Ammonia
Authors: Tsunoji Nao , Onishi Misae , Sonoda Sou , Ohnishi Takeshi , Ogura Masaru , Maeno Zen , Toyao Takashi , Shimizu Ken‐ichi
Published: May 2024

Microporous aluminosilicate zeolites are useful industrial catalysts. However, their hydrothermal synthesis is a multistep process with complicated and unclear reactions, limiting their rational functional design. Herein, we compare the formation pathway and the structural and catalytic properties of several CHA zeolites to obtain fundamental knowledge for intentionally controlling the catalytic function of zeolites. Three CHA zeolites were synthesized using different starting silica/alumina sources in the presence of tetraethylammonium hydroxide as an inexpensive organic structure‐directing agent. FAU zeolite and an amorphous synthesis gel prepared using two different methods were used as starting materials. The obtained CHA zeolites were applied for exhaust gas purification (selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia, NH3‐SCR), and their structural characteristics and formation pathways were investigated using a combination of analytical methods. Stepwise gel preparation (SGP), which divides the compositional control of the amorphous synthesis gel, promotes the decomposition of the initial additive (zeolite seed), resulting in the formation of CHA zeolites with abundant micropores and paired Al sites. This structural feature obtained using the SGP method improves the catalytic durability of the NH3‐SCR reaction. The present relationship, including different crystallization phenomena, structures, and catalytic abilities, provides useful insights into rational zeolite synthesis and its application.
Characterizing the Oligomers Distribution along the Aggregation Pathway of Amyloid Aβ1‐40 by NMR
Authors: Pagano Katiuscia , De Rosa Lucia , Tomaselli Simona , Molinari Henriette , D'Andrea Luca Domenico , Ragona Laura
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the early aggregation process of the Aβ1‐40 amyloid peptide, elucidating the associated oligomers distribution. Motivated by the acknowledged role of small oligomers in the neurotoxic damage linked to Alzheimer's disease, we present an experimental protocol for preparing 26‐O‐acyl isoAβ1‐40, a modified Aβ1‐40 peptide facilitating rapid isomerization to the native amide form at neutral pH. This ensures seed‐free solutions, minimizing experimental variability. Additionally, we demonstrate the efficacy of coupling NMR diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) with the Inverse Laplace Transform (ILT) reconstruction method, for effective characterization of early aggregation processes. This innovative approach efficiently maps oligomers distributions across a wide spectrum of initial peptide concentrations offering unique insights into the evolution of oligomers relative populations. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach assessing the impact of Epigallocathechin gallate, a known remodeling agent of amyloid fibrils, on the oligomeric distributions of aggregated Aβ1‐40. The DOSY‐ILT proposed approach stands as a robust and discriminating asset, providing a powerful strategy for rapidly gaining insight into potential inhibitors’ impact on the aggregation process.
Striking Borane Planarization in the Thermal Rearrangement (η5‐C5H5)Fe(η3‐B5H10)→(η5‐C5H5)Fe(η5‐B5H10)
Authors: Ferrer Maxime , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José , Barrios‐Llacuachaqui Julio R. , Tiznado William , Oliva‐Enrich Josep M.
Published: May 2024

In 1977 Weiss and Grimes, by means of mass spectrometry and 1H and 11B NMR spectroscopy, proposed two structures (I and II) for the ferraborane (η5‐C5H5)Fe(B5H10), isoelectronic with ferrocene. In this work, by means of high‐level quantum‐chemical computations, we confirm the experimental structures of the two isomers with their corresponding energies, and assign the reported 1H and 11B NMR chemical shifts. A striking result from this study is the planarization (3D→2D) of the B5H10− ligand – an unknown isolated anion, isoelectronic with aromatic cyclopentadienyl anion C5H5− – when attached to the (η5‐C5H5)Fe+ moiety, thus resulting in a more stable ferraborane isomer II.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Deoxy‐α‐N‐Glycosides from Glycals with 1,4,2‐Dioxazol‐5‐ones
Authors: Shen Zhenpeng , Yin Guoyin , Li Yangyang
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive Summary

The synthesis of N‐glycosides has received significant attention due to their crucial role in carbohydrate chemistry. Despite considerable advancements developed in the construction of N‐glycosides, methods for the stereoselective construction of 2‐deoxy‐α‐N‐glycosides are still limited. Herein, we disclosed a nickel‐catalyzed hydroamination of glycals under mild conditions. This transformation could allow for the stereoselective synthesis of an array of 2‐deoxy‐α‐N‐glycosides with excellent α‐stereoselectivity. Nickel‐catalyzed glycosylation reactions, particularly those involving anomeric C(sp3)‐metal bond formation, have proven to be an effective and stereoselective strategy for producing various N‐glycosides. Additionally, with highlight of the application of this reaction, γ‐sugar amino acid derivatives were synthesized.
Competitive Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding: Offering Molecules a Choice
Authors: Sun Yu , Morton Evelyn R. , Bhabha Hunaida , Clark Ewan R. , Bučar Dejan‐Krešimir , Barros‐Metlova Victoria , Gould Jamie A. , Aliev Abil E. , Haynes Cally J. E.
Published: May 2024

The conformational preferences of N‐((6‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)carbamothioyl)benzamide were studied in solution, the gas phase and the solid state via a combination of NMR, density functional theory (DFT) and single crystal X‐ray techniques. This acyl thiourea derivative can adopt two classes of low energy conformation, each stabilized by a different 6‐membered intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) pseudoring. Analysis in different solvents revealed that the conformational preference of this molecule is polarity dependent, with increasingly polar environments yielding a higher proportion of the minor conformer containing an NH⋅⋅⋅N IHB. The calculated barrier to interconversion is consistent with dynamic behaviour at room temperature, despite the propensity of 6‐membered IHB pseudorings to be static. This work demonstrates that introducing competitive IHB pathways can render static IHBs more dynamic and that such systems could have potential as chameleons in drug design.
Oxygen Atom from Carbonyl Group as an Important Binding Agent to the G‐Quadruplex – Study Case of Flavonoids
Authors: Stężycka Olga , Kasperkowiak Małgorzata , Frańska Magdalena , Nowak Damian , Hoffmann Marcin
Published: May 2024

In the field of anticancer therapy study it is of great interest to find effective G‐quadruplex ligands which may be of potential use in medical treatment or cancer prevention. Since among the compounds of natural origin, flavonoids have attracted notable attention because of their unique properties and promising therapeutic applications, an interesting question was to identify the flavonoid structural features that could provide effective binding properties toward G‐quadruplex. By using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, followed by the survival yield method, it has been shown that the flavonoid molecules which contain an available C4=O carbonyl group form more stable adducts with G‐tetrads than the other ones. Molecular docking has shown that C4=O carbonyl group can be a source of hydrogen bonds and/or π‐stacking interactions. Therefore, the flavonoid molecules which contain an available C4=O carbonyl group can be regarded as good binders of G‐quadruplexes.
Establishment of Transgene‐Free Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Conrad J. Vanessa , Neira Jaime A. , Rusteika Margaret , Meyer Susanne , Clegg Dennis O. , Chu Li‐Fang
Published: May 2024

Although protocols to generate authentic transgene‐free mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are now well established, standard methods for reprogramming porcine somatic cells still suffer from low efficiency and transgene retention. The Basic Protocol describes reprogramming procedures to establish transgene‐free porcine iPSCs (PiPSCs) from porcine fibroblasts. This method uses episomal plasmids encoding POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, SV40LT, c‐MYC, LIN28A, and microRNA‐302/367, combined with an optimized medium, to establish PiPSC lines. Support protocols describe the establishment and characterization of clonal PiPSC lines, as well as the preparation of feeder cells and EBNA1 mRNA. This optimized, step‐by‐step approach tailored to this species enables the efficient derivation of PiPSCs in ∼4 weeks. The establishment of transgene‐free PiPSCs provides a new and valuable model for studies of larger mammalian species’ development, disease, and regenerative biology. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Reprogramming of porcine fibroblasts with episomal plasmids

Support Protocol 1: Preparation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts for feeder layer

Support Protocol 2: Preparation of in vitro–transcribed EBNA1 mRNA

Support Protocol 3: Establishment of clonal porcine induced pluripotent stem cell (PiPSC) lines

Support Protocol 4: PiPSC characterization: Genomic DNA PCR and RT‐PCR

Support Protocol 5: PiPSC characterization: Immunostaining
Minimizing Variability in Developmental Fear Studies in Mice: Toward Improved Replicability in the Field
Authors: Premachandran Hanista , Wilkin Jennifer , Arruda‐Carvalho Maithe
Published: May 2024

In rodents, the first weeks of postnatal life feature remarkable changes in fear memory acquisition, retention, extinction, and discrimination. Early development is also marked by profound changes in brain circuits underlying fear memory processing, with heightened sensitivity to environmental influences and stress, providing a powerful model to study the intersection between brain structure, function, and the impacts of stress. Nevertheless, difficulties related to breeding and housing young rodents, preweaning manipulations, and potential increased variability within that population pose considerable challenges to developmental fear research. Here we discuss several factors that may promote variability in studies examining fear conditioning in young rodents and provide recommendations to increase replicability. We focus primarily on experimental conditions, design, and analysis of rodent fear data, with an emphasis on mouse studies. The convergence of anatomical, synaptic, physiological, and behavioral changes during early life may increase variability, but careful practice and transparency in reporting may improve rigor and consensus in the field. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Heterogeneous Ni‐Boride/Phosphide Anchored Amorphous B‐C Layer for Overall Water Electrocatalysis
Authors: Song Shiwei , Wang Yanhui , Liu Yucan , Tian Pengfei , Zang Jianbing
Published: May 2024

The rational design of efficient and economical bifunctional electrocatalysts remained a challenge for overall water electrolysis. In this work, the Ni‐boride/ phosphide particles anchored amorphous B‐doped carbon layer with hierarchical porous characteristics in Ni foam (Ni3P/Ni3B/B−C/NF) was fabricated for overall water splitting. The Boroncarbide (B4C) power was filled and fixed in the NF interspace through the electroplating and electroless plating, and then annealed in vacuum high temperature. The amorphous B−C layer derived from the B4 C not only speeded up the electron transport, but also cooperate with Ni‐boride/phosphide to enhance the electrocatalytic activity for HER and OER synergistically. Furthermore, the hierarchical porous architecture of Ni3P/Ni3B/B−C/NF increased space utilization to load more active materials. The self‐supported Ni3P/Ni3B/B−C/NF electrode possessed a low overpotential of 212 and 280 mV to deliver 100 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, respectively, and high stability for 48 h. In particular, the electrolyzer constituted with the Ni3P/Ni3B/B−C/NF bifunctional electrocatalyst only required a voltage of 1.59 V at 50 mA cm−2 for water electrocatalysis under alkaline medium, and demonstrated long‐term stability for 48 h. This study provides a new technical path for the development of bifunctional of transition metal borides to promote the application of hydrogen production from water splitting.
PI3K/mTOR inhibition induces tumour microenvironment remodelling and sensitises pS6high uterine leiomyosarcoma to PD‐1 blockade
Authors: De Wispelaere Wout , Annibali Daniela , Tuyaerts Sandra , Messiaen Julie , Antoranz Asier , Shankar Gautam , Dubroja Nikolina , Herreros‐Pomares Alejandro , Baiden‐Amissah Regina E. M. , Orban Marie‐Pauline , Delfini Marcello , Berardi Emanuele , Van Brussel Thomas , Schepers Rogier , Philips Gino , Boeckx Bram , Baietti Maria Francesca , Congedo Luigi , HoWangYin Kiave Yune , Bayon Emilie , Van Rompuy Anne‐Sophie , Leucci Eleonora , Tabruyn Sebastien P. , Bosisio Francesca , Mazzone Massimiliano , Lambrechts Diether , Amant Frédéric
Published: May 2024

Background

Uterine leiomyosarcomas (uLMS) are aggressive tumours with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has proven effective in some ‘challenging‐to‐treat’ cancers, clinical trials showed that uLMS do not respond to ICB. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant PI3K/mTOR signalling can drive resistance to ICB. We therefore explored the relevance of the PI3K/mTOR pathway for ICB treatment in uLMS and explored pharmacological inhibition of this pathway to sensitise these tumours to ICB.

Methods

We performed an integrated multiomics analysis based on TCGA data to explore the correlation between PI3K/mTOR dysregulation and immune infiltration in 101 LMS. We assessed response to PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in immunodeficient and humanized uLMS patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) by evaluating tumour microenvironment modulation using multiplex immunofluorescence. We explored response to single‐agent and a combination of PI3K/mTOR inhibitors with PD‐1 blockade in humanized uLMS PDXs. We mapped intratumoural dynamics using single‐cell RNA/TCR sequencing of serially collected biopsies.

Results

PI3K/mTOR over‐activation (pS6high) associated with lymphocyte depletion and wound healing immune landscapes in (u)LMS, suggesting it contributes to immune evasion. In contrast, PI3K/mTOR inhibition induced profound tumour microenvironment remodelling in an ICB‐resistant humanized uLMS PDX model, fostering adaptive anti‐tumour immune responses. Indeed, PI3K/mTOR inhibition induced macrophage repolarisation towards an anti‐tumourigenic phenotype and increased antigen presentation on dendritic and tumour cells, but also promoted infiltration of PD‐1+ T cells displaying an exhausted phenotype. When combined with anti‐PD‐1, PI3K/mTOR inhibition led to partial or complete tumour responses, whereas no response to single‐agent anti‐PD‐1 was observed. Combination therapy reinvigorated exhausted T cells and induced clonal hyper‐expansion of a cytotoxic CD8+ T‐cell population supported by a CD4+ Th1 niche.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that aberrant PI3K/mTOR pathway activation contributes to immune escape in uLMS and provides a rationale for combining PI3K/mTOR inhibition with ICB for the treatment of this patient population.
Safety and efficacy of low‐power pure‐cut hot snare polypectomy for small nonpedunculated colorectal polyps compared with conventional resection methods: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Kimura Hidenori , Oi Masayuki , Imai Kenichiro , Imai Takayuki , Morita Yukihiro , Nishida Atsushi , Bamba Shigeki , Inatomi Osamu , Andoh Akira
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is widely performed for small colorectal polyps. However, small colorectal polyps sometimes include high‐grade adenomas or carcinomas that require endoscopic resection with electrocautery. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel resection technique, hot snare polypectomy with low‐power pure‐cut current (LPPC‐HSP) for small colorectal polyps, compared with CSP and conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).

Methods

Records of patients who underwent CSP, EMR, or LPPC‐HSP for nonpedunculated colorectal polyps less than 10 mm between April 2021 and March 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. We analyzed and compared the treatment outcomes of CSP and EMR with those of LPPC‐HSP using propensity score matching.

Results

After propensity score matching of 396 pairs, an analysis of CSP and LPPC‐HSP indicated that LPPC‐HSP had a significantly higher R0 resection rate (84% vs. 68%; p < 0.01). Delayed bleeding was observed in only two cases treated with CSP before matching. Perforation was not observed with either treatment. After propensity score matching of 176 pairs, an analysis of EMR and LPPC‐HSP indicated that their en bloc and R0 resection rates were not significantly different (99.4% vs. 100%, p = 1.00; 79% vs. 81%, p = 0.79). Delayed bleeding and perforation were not observed with either treatment.

Conclusions

The safety of LPPC‐HSP was comparable to that of CSP. The treatment outcomes of LPPC‐HSP were comparable to those of conventional EMR for small polyps. These results suggest that this technique is a safe and effective treatment for nonpedunculated polyps less than 10 mm.
A comprehensive review of experimental studies on shear behavior of bolted rock joints with varying rock joint and bolt parameters and normal stress
Authors: Zhou Chang , Lang Zhenwei , Huang Shun , Dong Qinghong , Wang Yanzhi , Zheng Wenbo
Published: May 2024

The shear characteristics of bolted rock joints are crucial for the stability of tunneling and mining, particularly in deep underground engineering, where rock bolt materials are exposed to high stress, water pressure, and engineering disturbance. However, due to the complex interaction between bolted rock joints and various geological contexts, many challenges and unsolved problems arise. Therefore, more investigation is needed to understand the shear performance of bolted joints in the field of deep underground engineering. This study presents a comprehensive review of research findings on the responses of bolted joints subjected to shearing under different conditions. As is revealed, the average shear strength of bolted rock joints increases linearly with the normal stress and increases with the compressive strength of rock until it reaches a stable value. The joint roughness coefficient (JRC) affects the contact area, friction force, shear strength, bending angle, and axial force of bolted rock joints. A mathematical function is proposed to model the relationship between JRC, normal load, and shear strength. The normal stress level also influences the deformation model, load‐carrying capacity, and energy absorption ratio of bolts within bolted rock joints, and can be effectively characterized by a two‐phase exponential equation. Additionally, the angle of the bolts affects the ratio of tensile and shear strength of the bolts, as well as the mechanical behavior of both bolted rock joints and surrounding rock, which favors smaller angles. This comprehensive review of experimental data on the shear behavior of bolted rock joints offers valuable theoretical insights for the development of advanced shear devices and further pertinent investigations.
Broad‐scale acoustic monitoring of koala populations suggests metapopulation stability, but varying bellow rate, in the face of major disturbances and climate extremes
Authors: Law Bradley , Gonsalves Leroy , Brassil Traecey , Kerr Isobel
Published: May 2024

Population trends are lacking for most threatened species, especially those that are cryptic and difficult to survey. Recent developments in passive acoustics and semi‐automated call recognition provide a cost‐effective option to systematically monitor populations of vocal species. We assessed recent trends for the koala Phascolarctos cinereus, an iconic marsupial, based on 7 years of acoustic monitoring across 224 forested sites. The study period overlapped with a severe drought and extensive megafires in 2019 followed by 2 years of extremely high rainfall. Dynamic occupancy modelling with a range of covariates at multiple landscape scales found that initial occupancy was related to elevation (−ve), NDVI (+ve) and previous selective harvesting (16–30‐year age class; weakly +ve). Extinction probability increased with the extent of high‐severity fire. Colonisation probability was related to a range of factors, with the top model showing a decrease with increasing lagged annual rainfall. However, the null model was also supported, suggesting weak associations for colonisation. Using these relationships, koala occupancy was found to be high and stable over the study period. Fire did not influence regional trends because koalas often persisted with low‐ to moderate‐severity fire and because high‐severity fire was limited to 11% of their habitat. In contrast, bellow rate varied across years, being initially low and declining immediately after the 2019 fires, with the driver of these changes unclear. Neither timber harvesting nor low‐severity fire influenced koala occupancy or bellow rate. Given the extensive area of koala habitat in the region, our results point to the presence of a large population in these public forests, and in recent years, stable occupancy (albeit with site‐scale reductions in density with high‐severity fire). Ongoing monitoring is crucial for tracking future changes, especially with predictions of more frequent, severe forest fires due to climate change.
Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted and 1‐Substituted β‐Carbolines via 3‐Substituted 2‐Acylindoles
Authors: Thees Katharina , Untergehrer Martin , Jourjine Ilya A. P. , Bracher Franz
Published: May 2024

β‐Carbolines represent a large class of bioactive natural products, whereby most of these alkaloids bear residues at C1, and occasionally at C3, and only limited examples of 1,4‐disubstituted β‐carbolines are known. In this project we worked out a novel approach to 1,4‐disubstituted β‐carbolines and performed a comprehensive analysis of the scope and limitations of this methodology. The 1,4‐disubstituted β‐carbolines were synthesized via 3‐substituted 2‐acylindoles, for which effective synthesis procedures were developed. Our studies revealed that a broad range of target compounds with electron‐withdrawing substituents at C4 are accessible. Limitations of this method arose from competing CH and NH acidities of precursors. Nevertheless, the work described herein provides a unique approach to highly substituted β‐carbolines. In addition, intermediates from this route opened a novel approach to 1‐substituted β‐carbolines utilizing a chemoselective Mo(CO)6‐catalyzed amide reduction with tetramethyldisiloxane.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Dehydroxylative Cyanation of Benzylic Alcohols with Trimethylsilyl Cyanide Using 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoro‐2‐propanol as a Solvent
Authors: Makino Kosho , Hasebe Mai , Sueki Shunsuke , Anada Masahiro
Published: May 2024

A concise and direct Brønsted acid catalyzed cyanation of secondary and tertiary benzylic and allylic alcohols has been developed using trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) as a cyanide source and 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) as a solvent. The present transition‐metal‐free catalytic process is operationally simple to perform under “open‐flask” conditions and is applicable to the preparation of a number of α‐arylacetonitriles as well as late‐stage material transformations. The effectiveness of the present protocol was further demonstrated by the first enantioselective synthesis and determination of the absolute configuration of verimol F.
Effect of verjuice (Vitis vinifera L.) on physicochemical and textural properties of beef M. biceps femoris
Authors: Sabzi Fereshteh , Varidi Mohammad Javad , Varidi Mehdi , Asnaashari Maryam
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of verjuice on beef M. biceps femoris (BF). BF blocks were marinated with 30%, 70%, and 100% verjuice solutions containing 2% NaCl, for different marination times (12, 24, 48, and 72 h). Verjuice marination reduced the pH values of BF samples from 6.77 in control sample to 3.66 in 100% of verjuice for 72 h. The decreased values of water holding capacity (from 54.06% to 47.46%) with increasing verjuice concentration (from 30% to 100% for 72 h) confirmed the drop of proteins isoelectric point of the muscle due to salt presence preventing fibers swelling. Less cookout was observed with increasing acid concentration. Marination time had no significant effect on L* and a* coordinates of uncooked samples while acidification made the samples lighter and less red. Enzymatic proteolysis of myosin and troponin‐T concomitant with increase in myofibrillar fragmentation index contributed to the decrease of shear force in a way dependent on verjuice concentration and marination time. Sensory panelists gave the highest score to cooked samples marinated with 70% verjuice solution.
The internal mammary artery perforator flap in pharyngoesophageal, cervical tracheal, and cutaneous neck reconstruction
Authors: Sharbel Daniel , Lin Chen , Topf Michael C. , Mannion Kyle
Published: May 2024

The internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) flap is an evolution of the deltopectoral flap that is harvested based upon a single perforator from the internal mammary artery. Its favorable characteristics include pliability as a fasciocutaneous flap, ease of harvest, and minimal donor site morbidity. In this paper, we report our harvest technique and the versatility of the IMAP flap for pharyngoesophageal, cervical tracheal, and cutaneous neck defects. We seek to highlight the IMAP as a useful regional reconstructive option in both the primary and salvage reconstructive setting. As such, this flap is an important option in the head and neck reconstructive surgeon's armamentarium.
Sustainable Twist – Towards Highly Atom Efficient Grignard Processes
Authors: Kohler Philipp , Kirchner Eva , Păunescu Emilia , Mayerhöffer Ulrich
Published: May 2024

Copper salts, which are widely applied in chemical processes, are highly toxic for aquatic life with devastating and long‐lasting effects. The most sustainable measure to prevent negative impact on surface water bodies is the elimination of copper from chemical processes. In Grignard reactions, acyl chlorides are widely used in combination with copper(I) chloride to introduce acyl substituents to aromatic compounds. We demonstrate that carboxylic acid anhydrides are a competent and highly selective alternative to acyl chlorides when used in the absence of copper(I) catalysts. An integrated value stream cycle allows for recycling of the carboxylate salt byproducts by reaction with ketene, thereby reducing the waste output to almost zero. This proposed process can therefore contribute to minimizing both chemical waste and heavy metal input into water bodies.
Analytical solution to boundary layer flow and convective heat transfer for low Prandtl number fluids under the magnetic field effect over a flat plate
Authors: Agrawal Ajay Kumar , Gupta Yogesh
Published: May 2024

The present study aims to quantify the flow field, flow velocity, and heat transfer features over a horizontal flat plate under the influence of an applied magnetic field, with a particular emphasis on low Prandtl number fluids. Nonlinear partial differential expressions can be incorporated into the ordinary differential framework with the use of appropriate transformations. This research utilizes the variational iteration method (VIM) to approximate solutions for the system of nonlinear differential equations that define the problem. The objective is to demonstrate superior flexibility and broader application of the VIM in addressing heat transfer issues, compared to alternative approaches. The results obtained from the VIM are compared with numerical solutions, revealing a significant level of accuracy in the approximation. The numerical findings strongly suggest that the VIM is effective in providing precise numerical solutions for nonlinear differential equations. The analysis includes an examination of the flow field, velocity, and temperature distribution across various parameters. The study found that improving temperature patterns, velocity distribution, and flow dynamics were all positively impacted by increasing the Prandtl numbers. As a result, this leads to the thickness of the boundary layer to decrease and improves heat transfer at the moving surface. Thus, the convection process becomes more efficient. When the strength of the magnetic field is increased, the velocity of the fluid decreases. This observation aligns with expectations since the magnetic field hampers the natural flow of convection. Notably, the convection process can be precisely controlled by carefully applying magnetic force.
Heterogeneous treatment effect of dose‐dense paclitaxel plus carboplatin therapy for advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Taguchi Ayumi , Kato Kosuke , Furusawa Akiko , Hara Konan , Sone Kenbun , Yamada Kyosuke , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Shimada Muneaki , Okamoto Aikou
Published: May 2024

A Japanese clinical trial (JGOG3016) showed that dose‐dense weekly paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin extensively prolonged overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. However, in other clinical trials, dose‐dense paclitaxel regimens were not superior to triweekly paclitaxel regimens. In this study, causal tree analysis was applied to explore subpopulations with different treatment effects of dose‐dense paclitaxel in a data‐driven approach. The 587 participants with stage II–IV ovarian cancer in the JGOG3016 trial were used for model development. The primary endpoint was treatment effect in terms of 3‐year OS in patients receiving dose‐dense vs. conventional paclitaxel therapies. In patients <50 years, the 3‐year OS was similar in both groups; however, it was higher in the dose‐dense group in patients ≥50 years. Dose‐dense paclitaxel showed strong positive treatment effects in patients ≥50 years with stage II/III disease, BMI <23 kg/m2, non‐CC/MC, and residual tumor ≥1 cm. In contrast, although there was no significant difference in OS; the 3‐year OS rate was 23% lower in dose‐dense paclitaxel than conventional paclitaxel in patients ≥60 years with stage IV cancer. Patients in this group had a particularly lower performance status than other groups. Our causal tree analysis suggested that poor prognosis groups represented by residual tumor tissue ≥1 cm benefit from dose‐dense paclitaxel, whereas elderly patients with advanced disease and low‐performance status are negatively impacted by dose‐dense paclitaxel. These subpopulations will be of interest to future validation studies. Personalized treatments based on clinical features are expected to improve advanced ovarian cancer prognosis.
Exploring factors influencing the entrepreneurial intentions of the youth community towards green ICT to encourage environmental sustainability: Evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Bhardwaj Shivam , Agarwal Sucheta , Tripathi Vikas
Published: May 2024

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have a complex relationship with the environment, with certain positive as well as negative effects. Through a comprehensive examination of the entrepreneurial landscape in the domain of green ICT in Uttar Pradesh, India, the research aims to investigate the factors influencing the entrepreneurial intentions of the youth community towards green ICT to encourage environmental sustainability. The research shed light on the involved interplay of individual characteristics, social and environmental contexts, and educational and institutional support systems. By employing a comprehensive qualitative study‐interview approach combined with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) various factors such as technological innovation, supportive regulatory frameworks (government policies), entrepreneurial resilience, family and social network support, environmental awareness and concern, availability of resources, market demand, and support of academic institutions are identified as the prominent factors which underscore the multifaceted nature of entrepreneurial intentions among the youth community. The findings contribute valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and entrepreneurs alike, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and policies to nurture a vibrant ecosystem of green ICT entrepreneurship, thereby driving sustainable development and environmental conservation.
Bank tail risk in China
Authors: Yang Huan , Cai Jun , Huang Lin
Published: May 2024

In this study, we investigate the tail dependency between bank stocks in China and 35 common risk factors. We measure univariate and multivariate conditional tail risk probabilities. The evidence indicates that tail events from risk factors in the banking, security trading, real estate, and energy industries have the largest effects on the realization of extreme returns from Chinese bank stocks. The univariate conditional tail risk is considerably higher than the unconditional tail risk. The impact of multiple tail events from several risk factors occurring simultaneously is much stronger than tail events from one single risk factor. In general, there is a stronger cross‐market tail linkage between emerging market risk factors and bank stocks in China when compared with developed market risk factors. However, the cross‐market tail linkage between developed market risk factors and bank stocks in China rose sharply during the 2008 financial crisis.
BDNF, proBDNF and proBDNF/BDNF ratio with electroencephalographic abnormalities in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Possible relations to cognition and severity
Authors: El‐Saied Mostafa M. , Afify Omneya , Abdelraouf Ehab R. , Oraby Azza , Hashish Adel F. , Zeidan Hala M.
Published: May 2024

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with and without subclinical epileptogenic discharges (SED) have been suggested to negatively affect cognitive abilities of children with ADHD. The role of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its precursor proBDNF in ADHD is in need of being investigated. The aims were to evaluate the levels of serum BDNF, proBDNF and the proBDNF/BDNF ratio in addition to the potential impacts of SED on the children's cognitive abilities and the severity of ADHD. The included participants with ADHD were 30 children with normal electroencephalogram (EEG) (G1) and 30 children with SED (G2), together with 30 healthy children (G3). The cognitive abilities and severity of the disorder were evaluated. The biochemical measures were determined by ELISA. The presence of coexisting SED and nocturnal enuresis has led to a deleterious effect on cognitive processes but not on the severity. The focal epileptogenic discharge was the most common among children in G2. The levels of BDNF in Groups 1 and 2 were less than those in G3. The higher proBDNF/BDNF ratio could be related to the low BDNF levels rather than high proBDNF levels. The findings of this study highlight the importance of investigating the presence of SED and nocturnal enuresis in children with ADHD. Targeting strengthening of cognitive abilities in children with coexisting ADHD and SED is advised. The role of proBDNF in the pathophysiology of ADHD needs further investigation.