bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The microbial composition of larval airways from Drosophila melanogaster differ between specimens from laboratory and natural habitats
Authors: Angstmann Hanna , Pfeiffer Stefan , Kublik Susanne , Ehrhardt Birte , Uliczka Karin , Rabe Klaus F. , Roeder Thomas , Wagner Christina , Schloter Michael , Krauss-Etschmann Susanne
Published: June 2023

Background

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster lives in natural habitats and has also long been used as a model organism in biological research. In this study, we used a molecular barcoding approach to analyse the airways microbiome of larvae of D. melanogaster, which were obtained from eggs of flies of the laboratory strain w1118 and from immune deficient flies (NF-kB-K), and from wild-caught flies. To assess intergenerational transmission of microbes, all eggs were incubated under the same semi-sterile conditions.

Results

The airway microbiome of larvae from both lab-strains was dominated by the two families Acetobacteraceae and Lactobacillaceae, while larvae from wild-caught flies were dominated by Lactobacillaceae, Anaplasmataceae and Leuconostocaceae. Barcodes linked to Anaplasmataceae could be further assigned to Wolbachia sp., which is a widespread intracellular pathogen in arthropods. For Leuconostoceae, the most abundant reads were assigned to Weissella sp. Both Wolbachia and Weissella affect the development of the insects. Finally, a relative high abundance of Serratia sp. was found in larvae from immune deficient relish−/− compared to w1118 and wild-caught fly airways.

Conclusions

Our results show for the first time that larvae from D. melanogaster harbor an airway microbiome, which is of low complexity and strongly influenced by the environmental conditions and to a lesser extent by the immune status. Furthermore, our data indicate an intergenerational transmission of the microbiome as shaped by the environment.
Down the brain drain: a rapid review exploring physician emigration from West Africa
Authors: Ebeye Tega , Lee HaEun
Published: June 2023

Background

The emigration of physicians from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to high-income countries (HICs), colloquially referred to as the “brain drain”, has been a topic of discussion in global health spheres for years. With the call to decolonize global health in mind, and considering that West Africa, as a region, is a main source of physicians emigrating to HICs, this rapid review aims to synthesize the reasons for, and implications of, the brain drain, as well as recommendations to mitigate physician emigration from West African countries to HICs.

Methods

A literature search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library. Main inclusion criteria were the inclusion of West African trained physicians' perspectives, the reasons and implications of physician emigration, and recommendations for management. Data on the study design, reasons for the brain drain, implications of brain drain, and proposed solutions to manage physician emigration were extracted using a structured template. The Hawker Tool was used as a risk of bias assessment tool to evaluate the included articles.

Results

A total of 17 articles were included in the final review. Reasons for physician emigration include poor working conditions and remuneration, limited career opportunities, low standards of living, and sociopolitical unrest. Implications of physician emigration include exacerbation of low physician to population ratios, and weakened healthcare systems. Recommendations include development of international policies that limit HICs’ recruitment from LMICs, avenues for HICs to compensate LMICs, collaborations investing in mutual medical education, and incorporation of virtual or short-term consultation services for physicians working in HICs to provide care for patients in LMICs.

Conclusions

The medical brain drain is a global health equity issue requiring the collaboration of LMICs and HICs in implementing possible solutions. Future studies should examine policies and innovative methods to involve both HICs and LMICs to manage the brain drain.
Arabic translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Bristol Impact of Hypermobility questionnaire
Authors: Alsiri Najla , Alhadhoud Meshal , Alhumaid Asma , Palmer Shea
Published: June 2023

Background

The Bristol Impact of Hypermobility questionnaire (BIoH) is the first condition-specific patient reported outcome measure for people with hypermobility-related conditions. The BIoH original version is in English, which limits its use for patients who speak other languages. The study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the BIoH into Arabic and determine its concurrent validity, reliability, internal consistency and smallest detectable change.

Methods

Forward-backward translation and cross-sectional designs were used. The Ethics Committee of Kuwait Ministry of Health approved the study. Spearman correlation coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Cronbach’s α were used for statistical analysis. Patients with hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) were included, diagnosed using the 2017 classification framework.

Results

55 HSD patients were included, aged 26.0 (18.0) years old; median (IQR), and 85.5% were women. The BIoH showed very good concurrent validity when correlated with the SF-12 total and physical component scores; r = -0.743 and − 0.740, respectively (p < 0.05). Good correlation was identified between the BIoH and the SF-12 mental component score; r = -0.496 (p < 0.05). The BIoH demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability; ICC = 0.934 (0.749–0.983 95% CI) (p < 0.05), and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.933). The smallest detectable change was 30.90 points, representing 19.8% of the mean baseline score.

Conclusions

The study successfully translated the BIoH into Arabic and demonstrated high psychometric properties. The translated score can help Arabic patients with HSD in their clinical evaluation process. Future research needs to determine the responsiveness of the Arabic version and translate the BIoH to other languages.
Adaptation and validation of the Hungarian version of Thyroid-Related Patient-Reported Outcome-39 (ThyPro-39) questionnaire: testing factor structure, known-group validity with the comparison of quality of life in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease
Authors: Rigó Adrien , Malkov Katalin , Szabó Alexandra , Bognár Virág Katalin , Urbán Róbert
Published: June 2023

Background

Living with autoimmune thyroid disease is a longstanding challenge and can seriously affect the quality of life. We aimed to adapt and validate the Hungarian version of the Thyroid-Related Patient-Reported Outcome-39 (ThyPro-39) questionnaire, test its factor structure, and compare two frequent autoimmune thyroid diseases, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and Graves’ disease. We tested the factor structure of ThyPro-39 with a series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). To examine the validity of ThyPro-39 and to compare the quality of life of the two groups — Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (N = 240), Graves’ disease (N = 51) — CFA with covariates were used.

Results

Our results supported a bifactor model with psychosocial and somatic symptoms as general factors, and 12 symptom-specific factors. Based on the analysis of omega hierarchical indices ranging between 0.22 and 0.66, the specific scales also carry information besides the composite scores and should be used when a more detailed analysis is required. In the multivariate analysis, perceived stress was significantly associated with the general psychosocial factor (β = 0.80), symptom factors (β = 0.34), anxiety (β = 0.43), depressivity (β = 0.37), and emotional susceptibility (β = 0.38) specific factors. Graves’ patients reported more eye symptoms (d = 0.45) and cosmetic complaints (d = 0.40), while Hashimoto patients had more cognitive problems (d = 0.36) and more severe hypothyroid symptoms (d = 0.35). These group differences confirm the known-group validity of the questionnaire.

Conclusions

The validity of the Hungarian version of ThyPRO-39 is supported. We recommend using two composite scores of psychosocial and somatic symptoms and the specific symptoms scores to measure the quality of life in clinical practice and research.
Reliability of mathematical regression models for age estimation in the mixed dentition stage for Egyptian children
Authors: Salma Rehab Samir , AbdElfatah Omnia M.
Published: June 2023

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of established mathematical regression models for estimating the age of Egyptian children, develop new models that would better match this population and to evaluate the validity and reliability of these new models.

Results

One thousand one hundred fifteen children ranging in age between 6–14 years participated in the study. Group I consisted of 1000 children; 513 (51.3%) children were of the age group 6–< 9 years and 487 (48.7%) children were 9–14 years. Male children were 484 (48.4%) while female children were 516 (51.6%). Group II consisted of 115 children; 84 (73%) children were of the age group 6–< 9 years and 31 (27%) children were 9–14 years. Male children were 58 (50.4%) while Female children were 57 (49.6%). Foti regression models showed poor agreement of Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) with chronological age of children in the mixed dentition stage. The new regression models for estimating dental age showed ICC of more than 0.7 with chronological age suggesting better accuracy in age estimation than Foti models.

Conclusions

The newly formulated regression models are reliable for estimating the age of Egyptian children during the mixed dentition stage. A good agreement was found between the estimated age obtained from the first two models and the chronological age. However, the third model had the least agreement, suggesting that age estimation may be more accurate using only the first two models.
Remote terahertz spectroscopy from extended two-color plasma filaments: The ALTESSE 2 project
Authors: Talbi A. , Zhou B. , Jepsen P. U. , Skupin S. , Courjaud A. , Bergé L.
Published: June 2023

Coherent time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) using terahertz radiation is valuable for fundamental science, security, and medical applications. This study investigates the performance of air-biased coherent detection terahertz spectroscopy (ABCD-THz) when an extended plasma filament is created in the air over long distances. We report on the latest results obtained within the follow-up of the ALTESSE project (Bergé L. et al., EPL, 126 (2019) 24001) whose objective is to measure a set of spectral signatures characterizing suspicious materials over meter-long distances. As one of the most critical steps towards routinely applying this technique, we verified the feasibility of a remote THz time-domain spectroscopy by loosely focusing two-color ultrashort laser pulses at more than 3 meters from the laser source. The absorption spectra of amino acids and explosives analyzed in such a filamentation geometry are compared with those obtained using a standard ABCD scheme where the plasma is generated at much shorter distances of

.
Acoustic bound states in continuum protected by crystalline symmetry
Authors: Pan Jincheng , Lu Jiuyang , Deng Weiyin , Huang Xueqin , Liu Zhengyou
Published: June 2023

Bound states in continuum (BICs) are highly localized resonant states embedded in the continuum background. Recently, crystalline symmetries have been exploited as a new mechanism in generating BICs. Here we propose crystalline-symmetry–protected BICs in a two-dimensional bilayer phononic crystal. Our system possesses a D
4 point group symmetry and provides isolated quadratic degeneracies in momentum space to support defect localized BICs. Such BICs are forbidden to leak to the background due to the symmetry mismatch between the defect and the bulk modes. We also provide a rigorous tight-binding model to demonstrate the crystalline-symmetry–protected BICs. Our findings enrich the formation approach of BICs in phononic crystals and may inspire possible applications related to wave confinement, such as energy harvesting and particle manipulation.
Small-molecule Ro-08-2750 interacts with many RNA-binding proteins and elicits MUSASHI2-independent phenotypes
Authors: Walters Kathryn , Sajek Marcin Piotr , Murphy Elisabeth , Issaian Aaron , Baldwin Amber , Harrison Evan , Daniels Miles , Reisz Julie A. , Hansen Kirk , D'Alessandro Angelo , Mukherjee Neelanjan
Published: June 2023

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key regulators of gene expression. Small molecules targeting these RBP–RNA interactions are a rapidly emerging class of therapeutics for treating a variety of diseases. Ro-08-2750 (Ro) is a small molecule identified as a competitive inhibitor of Musashi (MSI)–RNA interactions. Here, we show that multiple Ro-dependent cellular phenotypes, specifically adrenocortical steroid production and cell viability, are Musashi-2 (MSI2)-independent. Using an unbiased proteome-wide approach, we discovered Ro broadly interacts with RBPs, many containing RRM domains. To confirm this finding, we leveraged the large-scale ENCODE data to identify a subset of RBPs whose depletion phenocopies Ro inhibition, indicating Ro is a promiscuous inhibitor of multiple RBPs. Consistent with broad disruption of ribonucleoprotein complexes, Ro treatment leads to stress granule formation. This strategy represents a generalizable framework for validating the specificity and identifying targets of RBP inhibitors in a cellular context.
Working Paper 46: Incrementando el impacto de los Pactos de Integridad en la contratación pública
Authors: Arribas Reyes Esteban
Published: June 2023

Este documento de trabajo analiza cuatro Pactos de Integridad en España implementados entre abril de 2017 y enero de 2019. Basándose en el análisis, ofrece recomendaciones específicas para medir y mejorar el impacto de los Pactos de Integridad, especialmente para lograr cambios a largo plazo.

***English***

Enhancing the impact of Integrity Pacts in public procurement: an analysis from Spain‘s experience

This Working Paper analyses four Integrity Pacts in Spain implemented between April 2017 and January 2019. Based on the analysis, it offers specific recommendations to measure and enhance the impact of Integrity Pacts, especially in achieving long-term change.
Geothermal Energy Impact Estimator: A software application for estimating the life-cycle environmental impacts of geothermal energy
Authors: Paulillo Andrea , Cui Xiaofei , Brown Paul , Striolo Alberto , Lettieri Paola
Published: June 2023

Geothermal energy is a renewable source of base-load power that is expected to play an important role in the transition to a low-carbon economy. In this article, we introduce a novel software application – named Geothermal Energy Impact Estimator – which computes the environmental impacts, including carbon emissions, of existing or future geothermal plants, using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The software application is user-friendly and was designed to be used by geothermal companies and policy makers. We provide two specific use cases of the software application that represent existing plants in Iceland and in the UK.
Phenotypic resistance to pyrethroid associated to metabolic mechanism in Vgsc-L995F-resistant Anopheles gambiae malaria mosquitoes
Authors: Kouadio France-Paraudie A. , Sika Angèle N. , Fodjo Behi K. , Sadia Christabelle G. , Oyou Sébastien K. , Ouattara Allassane F. , Mouhamadou Chouaïbou S.
Published: June 2023

Background: The indiscriminate use of insecticides in agriculture and public health lead to a selection of resistance mechanisms in malaria vectors compromising vector control tools and strategies. This study investigated the metabolic response in the Vgsc-L995F Anopheles gambiae Tiassalé resistance strain after long-term exposure of larvae and adults to deltamethrin insecticide.

Methods: Vgsc-L995F An. gambiae Tiassalé strain larvae were exposed over 20 generations to deltamethrin (LS) and adults to PermaNet 2.0 (AS) and combining exposure at larvae and adult stages (LAS) and compared to unexposed (NS) group. All four groups were subjected to the standard World Health Organization (WHO) susceptibility tube tests using deltamethrin (0.05%), bendiocarb (0.1%) and malathion (5%). Vgsc-L995F/S knockdown-resistance (kdr) mutation frequency was screened using multiplex assays based on Taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Additionally, expression levels of detoxification enzymes associated to pyrethroid resistance, including CYP4G16, CYP6M2, CYP6P1, CYP6P3, CYP6P4, CYP6Z1 and CYP9K1, and glutathione S-transferase GSTe2 were measured.

Results: Our results indicated that deltamethrin resistance was a response to insecticide selection pressure in LS, AS and LAS groups, while susceptibility was observed in NS group. The vectors showed varied mortality rates with bendiocarb and full susceptibility to malathion throughout the selection with LS, AS and LAS groups. Vgsc-L995F mutation stayed at high allelic frequency level in all groups with a frequency between 87% and 100%. Among the overexpressed genes, CYP6P4 gene was the most overexpressed in LS, AS and LAS groups.

Conclusion: Long-term exposure of larvae and adults of Vgsc-L995F resistant-An. gambiae Tiassalé strain to deltamethrin and PermaNet 2.0 net induced resistance to deltamethrin under a significant effect of cytochromes P450 detoxification enzymes. These outcomes highlight the necessity of investigating metabolic resistance mechanisms in the target population and not solely kdr resistance mechanisms prior the implementation of vector control strategies for a better impact.
Pensar la comunicación.
Authors: Barros Rego Real Ana Regina
Published: June 2023

Este ensayo se centra en desvelar el fenómeno de la comunicación, su relación con la historia y enfatiza los problemas del campo y su relación con la cientificidad en construcción. De esta manera, inicialmente nos dedicamos a pensar el fenómeno de la comunicación, luego, el campo emerge como centro de nuestras consideraciones y, finalmente, una confrontación entre enfoques sobre la ciencia de la comunicación.
La Historia de la Comunicación en la academia centroamericana (1980-2021).
Authors: Vega Jiménez Patricia
Published: June 2023

Este texto tiene como objetivo analizar una muestra de los textos académicos referentes a la Historia de la Comunicación en Centroamérica que se han publicado en formato de libros con respaldo editorial, artículos en revistas reconocidas e indexadas y en informes de organismos internacionales, y aquella generada por autores adscritos a instituciones académicas centroamericanas desde 1980 hasta 2021. Luego de un recorrido por los trabajos académicos realizados en Centroamérica en materia de comunicación, fueron seleccionados los textos que específicamente trataban la Historia de la Comunicación. Con estos, se realizó un balance de la producción científica en materia de la Historia de la Comunicación en la región. El propósito de este ensayo es responder a las siguientes interrogantes: ¿Cuáles son los temas que se han estudiado en el campo de la Historia de la Comunicación en la región en las últimas cuatro décadas? ¿Cuál ha sido el abordaje metodológico? Dado que se trata de una zona convulsa en demasía, situación que permea todos los campos y particularmente la academia, ¿cómo influye el contexto en el proceso de construcción de la Historia de la Comunicación? En resumen, se analizan las principales tendencias en la Historia de la Comunicación en la región y finalmente se propone una agenda temática en esa materia que evidencie los campos que aun requieren ser investigados.
La historiografía del periodismo y de la comunicación en España durante el último tercio del siglo XX. Una aproximación.
Authors: García Galindo Juan Antonio
Published: June 2023

Las últimas décadas del siglo XX fueron de enorme trascendencia para la historiografía española del periodismo y de la comunicación. Durante aquellos años se produjo el nacimiento efectivo de una historiografía especializada, cuyos primeros pasos fueron dados gracias a la historia general. El descubrimiento, primero, de la prensa como objeto de la investigación histórica que se realizaba desde los departamentos de Historia Contemporánea y, después, el nacimiento y desarrollo de una historia específica en los planes de estudio de las nuevas Facultades de Ciencias de la Información, fueron marcando el paso a partir de los años setenta de la investigación histórica del periodismo, de los medios de comunicación y de la comunicación social. A lo largo de aquellas tres décadas la investigación fue evolucionando de manera simultánea a los avances que se producían en el sector de la comunicación; debido, sobre todo, a unas disciplinas que irrumpieron como nuevo campo científico en el seno de las universidades españolas. La historiografía española de la época reflejará fielmente todo este proceso y sentará las bases de todo su desarrollo posterior.
Who? Para un protagonismo del sujeto en la historia de la comunicación.
Authors: Martínez Gallego Francesc Andreu , Laguna Platero Antonio
Published: June 2023

El artículo realiza una lectura crítica, a través de la metodología hermenéutica, de textos relevantes de la historiografía cultural y social, así como de la antropología simbólica, para realizar una propuesta que (a) delimite el objeto de estudio de la historia de la comunicación y (b) defina los objetivos de la disciplina. Se apuesta por la conversión de la historia de la comunicación en una historia social de la comunicación, en la que los desarrollos históricos de la comunicación estén plenamente contextualizados y ayuden a configurar una historia de la sociedad de carácter holístico, en la que la comunicación se vertebre a través de lo oral, lo visual y lo escrito.
Prensa Satírica y Cultura Política. Tomás Padró y “La Flaca”.
Authors: Pich Mitjana Josep , Meléndez Malavé Natalia
Published: June 2023

El proceso democratizador que estuvo vinculado a la Gloriosa inició una etapa de esplendor de las revistas satírico humorísticas orientadas hacía el género “jocoserio”. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la producción del cronista gráfico Tomás Padró (1840-1877). Éste fue el autor de la mayor parte de las ilustraciones publicadas por La Flaca y las diversas cabeceras con las que se continuó la publicación (1869-1876). Este periódico republicano federal ilustrado influyó en la consolidación de la cultura política republicana federal. Pretendemos demostrar cómo a través de las ilustraciones humorísticas en prensa se puede conocer un período concreto con todos sus avatares cívico-políticos, desde la perspectiva de su autor, en este caso, Tomás Padró. Además, esta publicación es considerada como una de las mejores revistas satíricas españolas.
Por um prisma histórico na sociologia da imprensa, recordando Robert Park.
Authors: Carvalheiro José Ricardo
Published: June 2023

Valorizando o conhecimento de teorias e autores clássicos na história da comunicação, este artigo revisita Robert Park pelo prisma do historicismo que caracteriza o seu pensamento acerca da imprensa e examinando, em particular, o texto “A história natural do jornal”, publicado há cem anos, em 1923. Ao propor uma articulação fundamental entre história e teoria social e ao ser, em simultâneo, pioneiro a colocar a comunicação no centro da análise, este sociólogo da Escola de Chicago merece um lugar de relevo na história dos estudos históricos sobre os media. Nascido no século XIX, a sua própria biografia, jornalística e académica, se entrelaça significativamente com as mudanças sociais da época.
Motivar una participación ciudadana 'Olímpica'. Estrategias de comunicación social de cara a los Juegos Olímpicos de México 1968.
Authors: Porras Pulido Juan
Published: June 2023

En 1968, Ciudad de México se preparaba para albergar los primeros Juegos Olímpicos realizados en América Latina. Uno de los objetivos principales en la organización, era incentivar un ánimo social favorable al evento. Para cubrir este aspecto, el Comité Organizador Olímpico (COO) desarrolló estrategias comunicativas que evitaron un estilo imperativo o aleccionador como se proponía en algunos círculos de opinión relevantes. Con base en el análisis de contenido en tres ámbitos: espacio urbano, cine y televisión, perfilamos las conceptualizaciones subyacentes a esas acciones comunicativas. Consideramos que este ejercicio contribuye a explicar la entusiasta participación ciudadana, la cual se expresó incluso tras la masacre de Tlatelolco, ocurrida diez días antes de la inauguración de los Juegos.
Covid-19 Vaccines As a Condition of Employment: Impact on Uptake, Staffing, and Mortality in Elderly Care Homes
Authors: Girma Sourafel , Paton David
Published: June 2023

Laws mandating vaccination against Covid-19 as a condition of employment in health and care sectors were commonplace during the pandemic. Using weekly data at the local authority level, we examine the impact of the vaccine mandate for elderly care homes in England on vaccine take-up, staffing levels, and mortality. Our identification strategy involves (1) comparing take-up and staffing in English elderly care homes relative to other social care settings unaffected by the mandate; (2) comparing take-up and staffing in English elderly care homes relative to those in Wales where the mandate also did not apply; and (3) comparing Covid-19 mortality among English elderly care home residents relative to mortality in domestic homes in England and to care homes in Wales. Our results suggest that the mandate substantially decreased the proportion of care home workers who remained unvaccinated (equivalent to between 28,000 and 41,000 fewer unvaccinated staff), but this came at the cost of a reduction in staffing levels of between 3% and 4% (equivalent to 14,000 to 18,000 staff). We observe this effect most strongly in areas of low unemployment. Our results do not provide evidence that the vaccine mandate was successful in its primary aim of reducing care home deaths. Relatively wide confidence intervals mean inferences regarding mortality are more uncertain than for vaccination uptake and staffing.

This paper was accepted by Carri W. Chan, healthcare management.

Supplemental Material: The data and e-companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4832 .
Pengembangan Panduan Market Day bagi Anak SD Sebagai Internalisasi Jiwa Kewirausahaan
Authors: Ayuningtyas Cita Eri , Hidayah Nur
Published: June 2023

Market Day merupakan salah satu program yang digalakkan pemerintah dalam rangka menginternalisasi jiwa-jiwa wirausaha sejak usia dini. Program ini dilakukan agar anak dapat mengimplementasikan secara langsung di lapangan bagaimana proses transaksi jual beli. Pelaksanaan market day dapat digunakan untuk menumbuhkan kreatifitas pada anak, suka berbagi, kemampuan memecahkan masalah, dan memutuskan masalah. Pelaksanaan market day ini sudah dilaksanakan di beberapa sekolah begitu juga di SD Muhammadiyah di Kabupaten Bantul. Dalam pelaksanaannya, market day belum ada panduan yang tertulis dan terstandar meskipun sudah banyak sekolah yang melaksanakan program ini. Di sisi lain, pelaksanaan program ini sangat ditunggu-tunggu oleh peserta didik dikarenakan kegiatan ini merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang menyenangkan. Untuk mewujudkan kualitas pelaksanaan market day yang sama, perlu adanya panduan yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan dan juga sistem administrasinya. Dari uraian diatas, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan buku panduan yang bisa digunakan dalam pelaksanaan market day. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Februari 2022 hingga Oktober 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengembangan untuk menghasilkan suatu produk dan diuji keefektifan dari produk tersebut. Penelitian yang digunakan dengan pengembangan model ADDIE dengan lima tahapan yaitu need assessment, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. Hasil validasi dari ahli materi, ahli media dan ahli pembelajaran memiliki nilai yang cukup baik (di atas rata-rata). Sehingga, produk pengembangan buku ini bisa dikatakan layak untuk digunakan. Pengembangan buku panduan market day ini dikatakan layak untuk digunakan karena hasil validasi memiliki nilai yang cukup baik.
Job Sheet Implementation as a Resource Mechanical Engineering Practice Learning at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Sukoharjo
Authors: Labib Mohammad Mughnil , Santosa Budi , Susatya Edhy
Published: June 2023

This study aims to (1) analyze the use of job sheets as a source of practical learning in the Mechanical Engineering department, (2) identify constraints to using job sheets as a source of practical learning, (3) assess the extent to which job sheets increase student independence in practical learning, and (4) evaluate the improvement in students' skills resulting from using job sheets.This research is a qualitative study using a case study model. The study was conducted at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Sukoharjo, with teacher and student respondents. Data was collected through interviews and analyzed using Miles and Hubberman's model analysis, which involves four steps: (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data presentation, and (4) drawing conclusions.The study results include an analysis of the use of job sheets as a learning resource, such as the job sheet making process, job sheet definitions, and job sheet implementation within the school curriculum. Constraints to using job sheets during practice were identified, such as the availability of facilities and infrastructure, students' knowledge of machines and equipment, reading and using measuring instruments, and damaged or erroneous machines or job sheets. The study also found an increase in student independence when using job sheets, including improved self-confidence, responsibility, high motivation, and reduced dependence on others. Finally, the study found an improvement in students' skills resulting from using job sheets, including increased knowledge and mastery of machines.
Inherited aortopathy: considerations for pregnancy and paediatric patients
Authors: Mamombe Fortunate , Renwick Catherine , Potterton Amanda , Wilson Elizabeth , Romer Carolyn , Kalathiparambil Rachana , Banerjee Anita , Magboo Rosalie
Published: June 2023

This article is the fifth instalment of a wider series on genetic concepts in cardiovascular medicine. While the previous instalment gave an overview of inherited aortopathies, this article discusses specific considerations for children and pregnant patients with these genetic conditions. This includes pharmacology for children and issues related to surgical intervention in paediatric care. The process of transitioning from paediatric to adult services will also be considered, as this is a key stage for the growing number of patients with inherited aortopathy who reach adulthood, with many opportunities for optimising wellbeing and quality of life. The discussion of pregnancy for patients with inherited aortopathies will include key physiological changes that occur in each trimester, with emphasis on pre-conception counselling and careful management. A case study is provided to further illustrate these points and the key role of the nurse throughout the lifespan of patients with inherited aortopathies.
RELATOS DE TENSÕES DE SUSTENTABILIDADE DE EMPRESAS DE PAPEL E CELULOSE NO BRASIL
Authors: Ribeiro Guimaraes Izabela Leite , Aquino Jamile Nobre , Leite Padget Rosamaria Cox Moura
Published: June 2023

A literatura mostra que as organizações não relatam as tensões de sustentabilidade de forma explícita em seus relatórios. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar as tensões de sustentabilidade reportadas nos relatórios das empresas do setor de papel e celulose no Brasil para constatar se essas comunicam ou não suas experiências, classificando-as de acordo com sua tipologia: aprendizado, desempenho, pertencimento ou organização. Foram analisados relatórios de sustentabilidade (RS) sob perspectiva qualitativa das empresas do setor que constam na lista B3: Suzano SA, Klabin SA e Melhor SP. A análise compreendeu o período de 2019 a 2021. Os resultados mostram que apenas um relatório apresentou uma tensão de sustentabilidade de forma explícita. O que pode tanto reforçar o argumento das tensões como más notícias, quanto apontar uma nova tendência no relato.  Além disso, as quatro tipologias de tensões foram identificadas em todos os relatórios.
ANÁLISE DO TRADE-OFF RISCO-RETORNO NO MERCADO DE AÇÕES BRASILEIRO COM BASE NO EFEITO DA DEPENDÊNCIA DO PREÇO DE REFERÊNCIA
Authors: Salvador Rafael Valdetaro , Securato José Roberto , Bergmann Daniel Reed
Published: June 2023

A Teoria Moderna de Finanças, que se baseia nos princípios da aversão ao risco, na racionalidade dos agentes e na Hipótese dos Mercados Eficientes, postula que a relação risco-retorno dos ativos será positiva. No entanto, diante de estudos empíricos cujos resultados contradizem esses princípios, as Teorias de Finanças Comportamentais buscaram trazer explicações para as aparentes contradições. Nesse contexto, este estudo analisa a relação risco-retorno no mercado brasileiro de ações tendo como elemento chave a Dependência do Preço de Referência. Os resultados reforçam a ideia de que investidores têm diferentes atitudes em relação ao risco dependendo do seu resultado passado, e esse é um fator potencialmente explicativo dos retornos futuros.
DECISÃO DE COMPRA EM SOCIAL COMMERCE: UMA ANÁLISE DO PROCESSAMENTO DA INFORMAÇÃO VISUAL NA ESCOLHA DE PRODUTOS ELETRÔNICOS
Authors: Leodir Lobler Mauri , Schneider Bender Carolina , Dutra Tagliapietra Rafaela , Dos Reis Lehnhart Eliete
Published: June 2023

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o processamento da informação na escolha de diferentes produtos no ambiente social commerce. Para tanto, foram realizados dois experimentos visando compreender a decisão de compra de notebooks e SmartTV no ambiente online. A técnica de rastreamento ocular (eye-tracking) utilizada juntamente com outras medidas comportamentais permitiu compreender a atenção visual dos sujeitos experimentais com relação aos critérios de decisão disponíveis, bem como a trajetória visual percorrida para concluir a tarefa de compra. Os resultados evidenciaram a importância das especificações dos produtos na decisão de compra de ambos os itens investigados e a utilização das Recomendações de Produtos Online (OPRs) manifestadas por outros consumidores. Também foi possível concluir que detalhes no ambiente, como elementos conflitantes e informações complementares sobre o produto, impactam na trajetória percorrida pelos sujeitos, resultando na realização de trade-offs entre preço e OPRs e no processamento profundo das informações disponíveis.
Consentimiento informado y directivas anticipadas: análisis comparado de la legislación en América Latina
Authors: Buedo Paola , Sanchez Luciana , Ojeda Maria Paz , Della Vedova Maria Nair , Labra Bianca , Sipitria Rosana , Centineo Aracil Luciano , Cosentino Sandra , Varela Inés , Yabar Varas Carlos , Apaza Gladis , Krasnow Adriana , Vilchez Silvia , Luna Florencia
Published: June 2023

Objetivos: Describir la forma en que se establecen normativamente el consentimiento informado (CI) y las directivas anticipadas (DA) en países latinoamericanos en relación a la asistencia en salud y la investigación, y su análisis desde la bioética. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis comparativo de las normativas vigentes de los 21 países latinoamericanos respecto al CI y las DA. Se confeccionaron reportes de extracción de datos que fueron diseñados antes de iniciar el proceso de investigación para cada país. Se analizaron cualitativamente similitudes y diferencias respecto a variables predefinidas. Se realizaron tablas para sintetizar la información donde fue posible. Resultados: Dieciocho países latinoamericanos prevén una norma específica para el uso del CI en el ámbito clínico. Seis países han incorporado normativas respecto al uso del CI en la virtualidad. Respecto al uso del CI en investigación, 20 países latinoamericanos prevén una norma específica para este ámbito. En el caso de la exposición académica, son 6 países los que nombran esta situación en la normativa. Siete países latinoamericanos cuentan con normativa para establecer DA. Conclusiones: América Latina ha presentado una notable evolución en torno a normar dos de los más importantes instrumentos del ejercicio de la autonomía, como los son el CI y las DA. La legislación sobre ambos instrumentos no garantiza mayor autonomía en salud, pero su existencia como reguladora de acciones para la toma de decisiones constituye el primer paso para su ejercicio.
Reconstruction of fractional vortex phase evolution by generative adversarial networks
Authors: Gao Heng , Zhang Zhihong , Yang Yuanjie
Published: June 2023

Digital signal coding based on the combination of vortex beam orbital angular momentum (OAM) and vortex optical phase information has made many achievements in optical communication. The accuracy of the vortex optical phase is the key to improving the efficiency of communication coding. In this regard, we propose a depth learning model based on the generative adversarial network (GAN) to accurately recover the phase image information of fractional vortex patterns at any diffraction distance, thus solving the problem that it is difficult to determine the phase information of fractional vortex patterns at different transmission distances due to the phase evolution. Compared with other depth learning methods, the phase recovery result of GAN is not affected by the diffraction distance, which is the first time we know that this method is applied to the fractional order optical vortex. Our work provides a new idea for the accurate identification of multi-singular structured light.
Analysis and refinement of intensity correlation imaging
Authors: Hyland David C.
Published: June 2023

Recent work in astronomical imaging has demonstrated a phase retrieval algorithm, coupled with a stochastic search algorithm that reduces the necessary integration times for intensity correlation imaging by many orders of magnitude and simultaneously determines the pixels that are to be constrained to zero intensity. The present paper conducts a detailed analysis of these algorithms, including the probabilistic structure of the stochastic search process. The understanding acquired leads to significant simplification and acceleration of the algorithms which may significantly advance astronomical science.
Temperature and emissivity measurement algorithm using a moving emissivity retardation spectral window method based on Lagrange mean value theorem
Authors: Luan Yifei , Wang Xiang , He Zhiping , Mao Zhiyuan , Yang Qiujie
Published: June 2023

The multi-spectral radiation method is a non-contact technique that can measure the temperature and emissivity of an object. However, its core problem lies in solving the underdetermined equation system. Existing numerical emissivity methods require prior knowledge of emissivity, while emissivity function methods need accurate initial conditions. These approaches are not suitable for measuring unknown targets’ temperature and emissivity. This paper proposes a moving emissivity retardation spectral window method that does not require any prior knowledge or initial conditions. The proposed method defines the emissivity retardation interval based on the Lagrange mean value theorem to provide universal and high-precision constraint conditions for solving the aforementioned underdetermined equation system. Simulation experiments were conducted on four target models with different emissivity, which showed that, compared to the moving narrowband window method, this new, to the best of our knowldge, approach reduced average temperature calculation errors by 31.0% and average emissivity calculation errors by 30.7%. In blackbody experiments, the calculated temperature error is about 0.4 K, and the emissivity is about 0.993–0.999. The described method is expected to meet the practical measurement needs for a wide range of substances.
Characteristics of textured polishing wheels for dry fixed abrasive polishing fused silica
Authors: Chen Chaoxu , Yang Wei , Zhu Fanwei
Published: June 2023

The dry fixed abrasive process integrates chemical reaction and ductile removal into one process and shows advantages against the conventional loose abrasive polishing in efficiency, geometric controllability, and waste disposal. However, it is worth noting that the wear and cutting temperatures encountered during the dry fixed abrasive process are areas that require further improvement. This manuscript develops textured polished wheels (TPWs) with three surface textures (spiral, linear, and radial) on the sintered polishing wheel. The influence of the TPWs on material removal depth and surface roughness for fused silica during the polishing process is investigated. The results indicate that the TPWs have the comparable material removal depth of the non-grooved polishing wheel while slightly increasing the surface roughness. However, it not only alleviates wheel wear but also improves the thermodynamics of airflow and chip removal in the polishing wheel and thus prevents surface wheel burning. Through experimental research, the TPW with a spiral-shape demonstrates the best performance with a material removal rate of 4.2657 µm/h and a surface roughness of approximately 3.0 nm.
Ultra-high thermal stability InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers grown on on-axis Si (001) with a record-high continuous-wave operating temperature of 150 °C
Authors: Lv Zunren , Wang Shuai , Wang Shenglin , Chai Hongyu , Meng Lei , Yang Xiaoguang , Yang Tao
Published: June 2023

Direct epitaxial growth of group III-V light sources with excellently thermal performance on silicon photonics chips promises low-cost, low-power-consumption, high-performance photonic integrated circuits. Here, we report on the achievement of ultra-high thermal stability 1.3 µm InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) lasers directly grown on an on-axis Si (001) with a record-high continuous-wave (CW) operating temperature of 150 °C. A GaAs buffer layer with a low threading dislocation density (TDD) of 4.3 × 106 cm-2 was first deposited using an optimized three-step growth method by molecular beam epitaxy. Then, an eight-layer QD laser structure with p-type modulation doping to enhance the temperature stability of the device was subsequently grown on the low TDD Si-based GaAs buffer layer. It is shown that the QD laser exhibits the ultra-high temperature stability with a characteristic temperature T0=∞ and T1=∞ in the wide temperature range of 10-75 °C and 10-140 °C, respectively. Moreover, a maximum CW operating temperature of up to 150 °C and a pulsed operating temperature of up to 160 °C are achieved for the QD laser. In addition, the QD laser shows a high CW saturation power of 50 mW at 85 °C and 19 mW at 125 °C, respectively.
Design of prism coupling structure for liquid crystal cladding waveguide beam steerer
Authors: Bi Zekun , Mu Quanquan , Diao Zhihui , Liu Yonggang , Yang Chengliang , Peng Zenghui , Li Dayu , Fan Weifang , Yu Yunhui
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes an extended prism coupling analysis method to accurately analyze the coupling structure of liquid crystal (LC) cladding waveguide beam steerer. We analyze the effects of LC anisotropy on the coupling of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes and derive the expression of the optical field distribution that perfectly matches the given coupling structure. Based on this method, we present the optimal coupling structure for Gaussian beam. Taking into account the practical manufacturing process, we propose a simplified coupling structure and perform a detailed analysis of its performance based on numerical simulations. Experimental results show a coupling efficiency of 91% and a coupling angle full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about ±0.02°, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method in predicting the coupling performance of anisotropic cladding waveguides.
High-temperature electrical and optical properties of sputtered iridium at wavelengths of 300 nm to 15 µm
Authors: Oh Minsu , McElearney John , Vandervelde Thomas E.
Published: June 2023

Due to its refractory properties and higher oxidation resistance, iridium (Ir) exhibits great potential for applications such as thermophotovoltaic emitters or contamination sensing. However, the lack of its temperature-dependent optical data prevents accurate modeling of Ir-based optical devices operating at higher temperatures. In this work, refractive indices of as-deposited and annealed Ir films, sputter-deposited, are characterized at between room temperature and 550°C over 300 nm to 15 µm of wavelength. The extinction coefficients of both as-deposited and annealed Ir films tend to decrease as temperature increases, with the exception of as-deposited Ir at 550°C due to significant grain growth. Under 530°C, optical constants of as-deposited Ir are less sensitive to temperature than those of annealed Ir. These characteristics of Ir films are correlated with their microstructural changes.
Preservation of developmental spontaneous activity enables early auditory system maturation in deaf mice
Authors: Kersbergen Calvin J. , Babola Travis A. , Kanold Patrick O. , Bergles Dwight E.
Published: June 2023

Intrinsically generated neural activity propagates through the developing auditory system to promote maturation and refinement of sound processing circuits prior to hearing onset. This early patterned activity is induced by non-sensory supporting cells in the organ of Corti, which are highly interconnected through gap junctions containing connexin 26 (Gjb2). Although loss of function mutations in Gjb2 impair cochlear development and are the most common cause of congenital deafness, it is not known if these variants disrupt spontaneous activity and the developmental trajectory of sound processing circuits in the brain. Here, we show in a new mouse model of Gjb2-mediated congenital deafness that cochlear supporting cells adjacent to inner hair cells (IHCs) unexpectedly retain intercellular coupling and the capacity to generate spontaneous activity, exhibiting only modest deficits prior to hearing onset. Supporting cells lacking Gjb2 elicited coordinated activation of IHCs, leading to coincident bursts of activity in central auditory neurons that will later process similar frequencies of sound. Despite alterations in the structure of the sensory epithelium, hair cells within the cochlea of Gjb2-deficient mice were intact and central auditory neurons could be activated within appropriate tonotopic domains by loud sounds at hearing onset, indicating that early maturation and refinement of auditory circuits was preserved. Only after cessation of spontaneous activity following hearing onset did progressive hair cell degeneration and enhanced auditory neuron excitability manifest. This preservation of cochlear spontaneous neural activity in the absence of connexin 26 may increase the effectiveness of early therapeutic interventions to restore hearing.