bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Røyking – en viktig risikofaktor for hjerteinfarkt blant middelaldrende kvinner og menn. En 12-års oppfølging av Finnmarkundersøkelsen
Authors: Njølstad Inger , Arnesen Egil , Lund-Larsen Per G.
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGFå epidemiologiske undersøkelser har undersøkt betydningen av de klassiske risikofaktorer for hjerteinfarkti begge kjønn innenfor samme studiepopulasjon. Det har ikke vært avklart om røyking er en likeviktig risikofaktor for kvinner og menn. Sammenhengen mellom røyking, serumlipider, blodtrykk oghjerteinfarkt ble undersøkt blant 11 843 menn og kvinner i alderen 35-52 år som deltok i Finnmarkundersøkelseni 1977-78 og som deretter ble fulgt i 12 år. I alt registrerte vi 495 tilfeller av førstegangshjerteinfarkt blant menn og 103 tilfeller blant kvinner. Insidensraten var 4,6 ganger høyere blant menn.Insidensen var seks ganger høyere blant kvinner og tre ganger høyere blant menn som røykte minst 20sigaretter daglig sammenlignet med aldri-røykere av samme kjønn. Daglig røyking var en sterkererisikofaktor for infarkt hos kvinner (RR 3,3; 95% KI, 2,1–5,1) enn hos menn (RR 1,9; 95% KI, 1,6–2,3)etter justering for andre risikofaktorer. Blant personer yngre enn 45 år på undersøkelsestidspunktet varkjønnsforskjellen assosiert med røyking større (kvinner: RR 7,1; 95% KI, 2,6–19,1) (menn: RR 2,3;95% KI, 1,6–3,2). Serum totalkolesterol, HDL kolesterol, systolisk blodtrykk og blodtrykkbehandlingvar også signifikante prediktorer, med relativ risiko-estimater av samme størrelsesorden i de to kjønn.Njølstad I, Arnesen E, Lund-Larsen PG. Smoking – an important risk factor for myocardialinfarction among middle-aged women and men. A 12-year follow-up of the Finnmark study.Nor J Epidemiol ENGLISH SUMMARYFew epidemiological studies have investigated the relative importance of major coronary risk factors inthe two sexes within the same study population. In particular, it is not clear whether smoking carries asimilar risk for coronary heart disease in men and women. The associations between smoking, serumlipids, blood pressure and myocardial infarction were examined in a population-based prospective studyof 11 843 men and women aged 35 to 52 years at entry. During 12 years, 495 cases of first myocardialinfarction among men and 103 cases among women were identified. Myocardial infarction incidencewas 4.6 times higher among men. The incidence was increased sixfold in women and threefold in menwho smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day compared with never-smokers, and the rate in female heavysmokers exceeded that of never-smoking men. Multivariate analysis identified current smoking as astronger risk factor in women (relative risk, 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1–5.1) than in men(relative risk, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.6–2.3). Among those under 45 years old at entry, the smoking related sexdifference was more pronounced (in women: relative risk, 7.1; 95% CI, 2.6–19.1) (in men: relative risk,2.3; 95% CI, 1.6–3.2). Serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were alsohighly significant predictors in both sexes.1997; 7 (2): 183-189.
Kan kostholdsdata fra hjerte- karundersøkelsene i Finnmark, Sogn og Fjordane og Oppland brukes i analyser av andre sykdommer enn hjerte-karsykdom?
Authors: Løken Elin Bjørge , Solvoll Kari
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGEt selvadministrert spørreskjema om utvalgte sider av det vanlige kostholdet er besvart av ca. 60 000 mennog kvinner i de tre første hjerte-karundersøkelsene i Finnmark, Sogn og Fjordane og Oppland (1974-1988).Sammenligning av kostdata hos et utvalg av deltakerne som både besvarte spørreskjemaet og et 24 timerskostintervju, har vist at spørreskjemaet ikke bare ga et brukbart bilde av forbruket av melk, brød,smør/margarin og kaffe, men også for beregnet inntak av energi, protein, fett og kalsium. Skjemaetinneholdt få spørsmål om friske plantematvarer og kan derfor ikke gi data for inntak av antioksidanter.Resultatene viste klare forskjeller i kostholdet mellom menn og kvinner og i forhold til bosted. Videreanalyser har vist statistisk signifikante sammenhenger mellom en eller flere kostkomponenter og risiko forulike typer kreft og lårhalsbrudd. Materialet omfatter en forholdsvis ung kohorte, og kan på sikt væreinteressant for studier av andre sykdommer eller dødsårsaker som antas å ha sammenheng med en ellerflere av de kostkomponentene som spørreskjemaet omfatter. Ved vurdering av resultatene er det viktig å tahensyn til at spørreskjemaet ikke omfattet det totale kostholdet.Løken EB, Solvoll K. Can dietary data from the cardiovascular disease studies in Finnmark,Sogn og Fjordane and Oppland be used to analyse risk for other diseases?Nor J Epidemiol ENGLISH SUMMARYA self-administered questionnaire covering selected aspects of the habitual diet was answered byapproximately 60 000 men and women who participated in the three first screenings of cardiovasculardisease risk factors in the counties of Finnmark, Sogn og Fjordane and Oppland (1974-1988). A subsampleof the subjects was in addition interviewed about their intake of foods and beverages on the day before thequestionnaire was handed out. It appeared that the questionnaire not only provided reasonable data onconsumption of milk, bread, butter/margarine and coffee, but also for calculated intake of energy, protein,fat and calcium. Since the dietary questionnaire had few questions on fresh produce it cannot provideestimates on antioxidants. The results showed clear differences in the diet of men and women and betweencounties. Further analyses have demonstrated statistically significant associations between one or more dietcomponents and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer or hip fracture. Most of the associations were dosedependent. The dietary data from the countywide screenings of cardiovascular disease risk factorscomprise a relatively young cohort and may in the future be used to analyse risk of other diseases ormortality that are associated with one or more of the dietary components included in the questionnaire.Results should be interpreted with care as the dietary questionnaire did not cover the entire diet.1997; 7 (2): 191-200.
Enkle spirometrimålinger i en generell mannlig befolkning
Authors: Humerfelt Sjur , Eide G. E. , Gulsvik A.
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGFormålet var å evaluere deltagelsen ved enkle spirometrimålinger utført av menn fra den generelle befolkningenog å studere mulige prediktorer for ikke å oppnå godkjent test.Alle menn i alderen 29-46 år bosatt i Hordaland fylke samt Sauda kommune (N=45 380) ble invitert til entverrsnittsundersøkelse i 1988-90. Luftveissymptomer, røykevaner og sivil status ble besvart via spørreskjemaog målinger av forsert ekspiratorisk volum ved ett sekund (FEV 1) og forsert vital kapasitet (FVC) bleutført med Vitalograph belg-spirometre.I alt deltok 29 611 menn (65%) i studien. Spirometrimålinger ble utført hos 91% av de fremmøtte og avdisse var det kun 1,6% som ikke klarte å oppnå tre godkjente registreringer med ≤300 ml mellom de tohøyeste FVC verdiene. Andelen uten tre godkjente målinger var hyppigere hos aldri-røykere, ugifte og hospersoner med luftveissymptomer enn hos hhv. røykere, gifte og asymptomatiske menn.Konklusjon  Simple spirometry in a general male population.Nor J Epidemiol ENGLISH SUMMARYIn this general population study we wanted to evaluate the participation of simple spirometry and to identifypredictors of spirometric test failure.All men aged 29-46 years living in western Norway (N=45,380) were invited to a cross sectional communitysurvey. Respiratory symptoms, smoking habits and marital status were obtained from self-administeredquestionnaires and measurements of FEV 1 and FVC were performed using dry-wedge bellow spirometers.Altogether 29,611 subjects (65%) participated in this survey. Spirometric recordings were obtained in91% of the attendants (n=26,803) of whom 1.6% failed the acceptability criterion of ≤300 ml between thetwo highest of three FVC values. Spirometric failures were more prevalent in never smokers, single men andsubjects with respiratory symptoms than in ever-smokers, married and asymptomatic subjects, respectively.Conclusions  : In men aged 29-46 years, spirometric test failures occurred more frequently in neversmokers than in smokers and ex smokers after adjusting for other covariables. The higher failure ratesobserved in never smokers, in single men and in subjects1997; 7 (2): 243-248.: Hos menn i alderen 29-46 år var risikoen for mislykket spirometri større hos aldri-røykere,ugifte og hos personer med luftveissymptomer enn hos hhv. røykere, gifte og asymptomatiske personer.Humerfelt S, Eide GE, Gulsvik A.
Chronic bronchitis in farmers
Authors: Melbostad m.fl Erik
Published: June 2016

(Artikkelen er gjenopptrykket fra Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 1997; 23: 271-280), og finnes derfor ikke online her)http://www.sjweh.fi/show_issue.php?issue_id=23
Sudden infant death syndrome, population mixing and oil-related development in western Norway
Authors: Bentham Graham , Aase Asbjørn
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTA number of features of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) point to an aetiological role for apparentlyminor infections. The spread of infections is influenced by the rate of contact between infectiouscases and susceptibles in the population. This is likely to differ geographically depending on patternsof social contacts, with epidemics being particularly likely where an influx of migrants leads to highrates of mixing of populations lacking herd immunity. It has been shown that geographical variationsin SIDS deaths in England and Wales are strongly associated with rates of long distance in-migrationinto districts. The large influx of population into parts of western Norway as a result of oil-related developmentprovides an opportunity to examine this issue further. The most intensive development hasbeen in the Stavanger area in the county of Rogaland. Published migration statistics show that therewas a rapid build-up of long distance migration into this area reaching a peak in the late 1970s. Furthernorth, the Bergen area in the county of Hordaland was little affected by oil-related activities in the1970s. However, the more recent development of oil provinces further north has led to more activity inthe Bergen area and an increase in in-migration from the mid 1980s onwards. Annual data from 1969onwards on SIDS deaths in Rogaland and Hordaland counties and for Norway were used to assesswhether trends in SIDS mortality and migration showed any associations. Before the main populationinflux Rogaland had a SIDS rate that was below the Norwegian average. However, since the mid1970s SIDS rates have been significantly in excess of the national average. In Hordaland SIDS rateswere low throughout the 1970s but increased substantially to be significantly in excess of the Norwegianaverage in the late 1980s. In both areas population influxes resulting from oil-related developmentwere therefore followed by a significant increase in mortality rates from SIDS. There is no evidencethat these trends can be accounted for by changing patterns of known risk factors for SIDS in theseareas nor of artefacts in the registration of SIDS cases. The results of this study therefore support theBritish evidence that population mixing may be a significant factor in the aetiology of SIDS.
Tykktarm- og endetarmkreft – utvikling fra 1956-1995: Status i Telemark og i bydelene i Oslo og ny masseundersøkelse 1999
Authors: Stensvold Inger , Grotmol Tom , Glattre Eystein
Published: June 2016

har vært økende helt siden registreringen startet tidlig på 1950-tallet. Data fra Oslo har i denne statistikkenalltid vært presentert samlet som et fylke. I denne artikkelen vises hyppighet av kolorektal kreft fordelt påkjønn og 25 bydeler samt for fire regioner i Oslo. Utviklingen over tid fra 1956 til 1995 er vist for Oslo og Norge.Den økende hyppighet av både tykktarm- og endetarmkreft gjennom flere tiår ser ut til å avta noe. Dette gjeldersærlig for tykktarmkreft for kvinner og endetarmkreft for menn i hele landet. Det er store variasjoner mellombydelene i Oslo for begge krefttyper og kjønn. Det er ingen signifikant samvariasjon på bydelsnivå mellom mennog kvinner for hver av de to kreftformene. Det er heller ingen samvariasjon mellom sosioøkonomiske faktorer ibydelene og hyppighet av kolorektal kreft.Sykdommens utvikling fra adenomatøs polypp til adenocarcinom over en lang periode på 10-15 år gjør den velegnettil screening. En planlagt screeningundersøkelse for kolorektal kreft i Telemark og Oslo er nærmere beskrevet.Resultatene av prosjektet forventes å danne grunnlaget for en samlet nasjonal strategi mot kolorektal kreft.Stensvold I, Grotmol T, Glattre E.SAMMENDRAGKreft i tykktarm og endetarm (kolorektal kreft) er den hyppigste kreftform i Norge for begge kjønn samlet. Hyppigheten Colorectal cancer – secular trend from 1956 through 1995: Results fromTelemark and Oslo and new screening for colorectal cancer prevention.Nor J Epidemiol ENGLISH SUMMARYColorectal cancer is the most common cancer form in Norway for both genders combined. The incidence rate hasbeen increasing ever since the registration started in the early 1950s. Data from Oslo have always been presentedas one county in the registry. This paper presents the incidence rates for colorectal cancer split by genders and the25 areas in Oslo. In addition, the secular trend from 1956 through 1995 is shown for both Oslo and Telemarkcounties as well as for the whole country. The increasing incidence rates of both colon and rectal carcinomas haveapparently levelled off over the last 10 years. This applies particularly to colon carcinoma in women and rectalcarcinoma in men for the whole country.There was a large variation between the 25 areas of Oslo for both cancer forms and between genders. Therewas no significant correlation between men and women for either of the two cancer forms at the area level inOslo. Nor was there any correlation between socioeconomic factors in areas of Oslo and the incidence rate ofcolorectal cancer.The vast majority of colorectal carcinomas develop from an adenomatous polyp over a period of 10 to 15 years.This long time span makes the disease well suited for screening. A prospective, randomized sigmoidoscopyscreening for colorectal cancer prevention in Telemark and Oslo is being planned, and the present data from thesecounties serve as important background information before the screening is scheduled to start in January 1999.1998; 8 (1): 37-43.
Prescribing for painful conditions in adult and elderly patients in general practice: A report from the Møre & Romsdal Prescription Study
Authors: Nygaard Harald A. , Straand Jørund
Published: June 2016

Study objectives:  Design:  Setting:  Participants:  Main results:  Conclusion:  Key words:  pain; analgesics; general practice; epidemiology; NSAIDs; paracetamolThe appropriateness of the GPs prescribing practice for pain often is open to question, andthis especially refers to the widespread use of NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in the elderly, thefrequent use of muscle relaxants for chronic musculoskeletal pain in middle aged women, and the prolongeduse of compound analgesics for almost all diagnoses. Plain paracetamol should probably be prescribedmore often for pain in general practice.The prescribing rates increased with patients' age to the age group 70-79 years. 64% of allprescriptions were for females, who also received more drugs per prescription than males. With increasingpatients' age, the average amount of drugs issued per prescription increased, more prescriptions were repeat,and more were issued during indirect GP-patient contacts. The paracetamol/codeine analgesic was themost frequently prescribed drug, 37.6%, followed by NSAIDs (34.6%) and muscle relaxants (21.8%).Plain analgesics were only issued in 2.8% of the cases. Chronic musculoskeletal pain was the mostcommon diagnostic indication (39.2%, for which NSAIDs were most frequently prescribed), followed byarthritis/ osteoarthritis (18.7%), and back pain (18.0%).156 GPs.A one month survey where more than 95% of the GPs participated and recorded all patient contacts,prescriptions, and diagnoses issued to patients 20 years and over.A prospective prescription study of analgesics due to painful conditions in the county of Møre &Romsdal, Norway.To analyse the general practitioners' (GPs') prescribing patterns for NSAIDs, musclerelaxants, opioids, compound analgesics with codeine, and plain analgesics, issued for: chronic muskuloskeletalpain, arthritis/osteoarthritis, back pain, headache, casualties, malignancies, and unspecific pain.ABSTRACT
General practitioners' office consultations with elderly patients – diagnoses and prescriptions: A report from the Møre & Romsdal Prescription Study
Authors: Straand Jørund , Sandvik Hogne , Rokstad Kirsten
Published: June 2016

Study objectives:  Design:  Setting:  Participants:  Main results:  Conclusion:  Key words:  This paper is based on a previous Norwegian publication: Straand J, Sandvik H, Rokstad K. 10 850 kontorkonsultasjonermed eldre pasienter i allmennpraksis. Fra diagnose-resept-undersøkelsen i Møre og Romsdal. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen1997; 117: 3980-3984. With permission.health services for the aged; family practice; drugsIn the context of quality assurance large benefits may be gained even if focus is put on ratherfew diagnoses and drugs.60% of the consultations involved female patients, mean age was 74 years. One of threeconsultations were for new diagnoses, two thirds were follow-ups. The most common diagnostic groups werecardiovascular (28%), musculoskeletal (13%), psychiatric (8%) and respiratory diseases (8%). Almost 10% ofall consultations were for hypertension. Drugs were prescribed during 56% of all consultations. 27% of allprescriptions were for cardiovascular drugs, and 25% were for the central nervous system. The 20 most commondiagnoses constituted more than half of all the diagnoses, and the ten most common drugs (therapeuticgroups) constituted almost 70% of all prescriptions.In 1988 and 1989 the general practitioners recorded all encounters with patients over a periodof two months. The participation rate was close to 100%, and we report data from 10,850 office consultationswith elderly patients (65 years and older).The Norwegian county of Møre and Romsdal.Cross-sectional survey.To analyse office consultations with elderly people in general practice: reason for encounter,diagnostic indications for prescribing drugs, and what drugs are prescribed for the different diagnoses.ABSTRACT
The prevalence of urinary incontinence in elderly Canadians and its association with dementia, ambulatory function, and institutionalization
Authors: Østbye Truls , Borrie Michael J. , Hunskaar Steinar
Published: June 2016

Study objectives:  Design and setting:  Main results:  Conclusion:  Key words:   urinary incontinence; dementia; institutionalization; community-institutional relationsUrinary incontinence is a prevalent condition among the elderly, and is associated withage, dementia, and ambulatory function. Although incontinence is highly prevalent among institutionalizedpersons, the majority of persons with incontinence live in the community.Overall, 16.9% of the women and 8.0% of the men reported incontinence, the numbersfor daily incontinence were 7.0% and 5.2% respectively. The prevalence increased by age, severity ofdementia, and decreasing ambulatory function. It is calculated that 69% of elderly men and 73% ofelderly women with any incontinence live in the community. 31% of the male and 32% of the femalepatients have some kind or severity of dementia, and 21% of the men and 27% of the women havedecreased ambulatory function. One half of the persons with incontinence live in the community, withno cognitive or ambulatory impairment.Population based multi-centre survey with stratified random sampling all overCanada. Randomly selected persons aged 65 and over were interviewed. Those having cognitive impairment(n=1614), a randomly selected sample of those without (n=731) and an institutional sample(n=1255) underwent clinical assessment.Data from The Canadian Study of Health and Aging are analysed for prevalence ofurinary incontinence, and its association with dementia, ambulatory function, and institutionalization.ABSTRACT
Subject-object asymmetries in Persian argument ellipsis and the anti-agreement theory
Authors: Sato Yosuke , Karimi Simin
Published: June 2016

We investigate the distribution of argument ellipsis in Persian in the context of the recent debate concerning the derivation of null arguments. Using sloppy/quantificational interpretations of elided arguments, we show that Persian exhibits subject-object elliptical asymmetries. We develop various arguments against the Verb-Stranding VP-ellipsis analysis of the subject-object asymmetry. We argue instead that the asymmetry in question is captured by the anti-agreement theory (Saito 2007). Our analysis predicts that the logical subject in Persian should be able to permit argument ellipsis when it is not in the position associated with φ-feature agreement. We show that this prediction is indeed borne out in several syntactic constructions whose inanimate plural subjects do not enter into an agreement relation with any functional head such as T. We also briefly explore one significant consequence of our analysis for the proper treatment of the so-called differential object marker –râ and conclude that this marker is the default morphological case in the technical sense of Marantz (1991).
La diabetes gestacional en embarazadas que reciben atención ambulatoria
Authors: Aceituno López Aida Dolores , Elvir Aguilar Hessylda Del Pillar , Ordóñez Vásquez Sairy Celeste , Simons Morales Perla
Published: June 2016

El objetivo primordial de esta investigación es determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre diabetes gestacional, conocer cuáles son los factores de riesgos más conocidos por las embarazadas e identificar los alimentos de mayor consumo en las embarazadas que reciben atención ambulatoria en el área de ginecología del Centro de Salud Alonso Suazo.La investigación se basó en una metodología de tipo cuantitativo, corte transversal; ya que la recolección de datos se dio en un tiempo único, con un alcance descriptivo. El universo fue de 22 embarazadas, de las cuales 15 fueron tomadas como muestra y 6 piloto. Los criterios de inclusión y unidad de análisis fueron todas las embarazadas ambulatorias que reciben atención ambulatoria en el Centro de Salud Alonso Suazo. De igual manera, los criterios de exclusión y eliminación fueron las mujeres que no están embarazadas y que no reciben atención en el área de ginecología del Centro de Salud Alonso Suazo.Como resultado de la investigación realizada se observó que el 80 % de las embarazadas que asisten al Centro de Salud Alonso Suazo no tienen conocimiento sobre qué es la diabetes gestacional, lo cual permite tomar conciencia de la gravedad del problema, promover nuevas estrategias de prevención y control sobre esta enfermedad, tomando en cuenta que una dieta sana, equilibrada y baja en carbohidratos, puede prevenirles de padecer diabetes gestacional.Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No. 9, diciembre 2015, pp.42-52
Percepción de las personas adultas mayores sobre los servicios de la Fiscalía de la Tercera Edad
Authors: Méndez Montoya Rafaela Esmeralda , Valladares Zavala Lourdes
Published: June 2016

El presente estudio describe la percepción de las personas adultas mayores sobre los servicios que brinda la Fiscalía de la Tercera Edad de Tegucigalpa, la cual tiene importancia debido al aumento creciente de esta población a nivel nacional y mundial. El interés por la temática surgió del contacto con las personas adultas mayores, como trabajadora social de la Dirección de Medicina Forense, víctimas de violencia intrafamiliar y del abandono, razones que los han llevado a acudir a dichas instancias legales en defensa de sus derechos.El artículo presenta un análisis del contexto en el cual se desarrolló la investigación, haciendo referencia a la problemática de maltrato que sufre la población desde el enfoque de derechos humanos, ya que para comprender e intervenir en la problemática actual de las personas adultas mayores es necesaria una nueva concepción de la vejez, desde este enfoque y del trabajo conjunto de profesionales, familias, comunidad y Estado, constituidos como agentes de apoyo social para promover una vejez con seguridad, bienestar y ejercicio de ciudadanía.Este estudio tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, basado en el método fenomenológico, ya que su propósito fue describir cómo las personas adultas mayores percibían los servicios que brinda la Fiscalía de la Tercera Edad y de acuerdo a estos resultados, se describe y caracteriza el fenómeno. Para recoger la información se contó con la colaboración de personas adultas mayores que hicieron uso de los servicios de la Fiscalía durante el I semestre de 2013.El desarrollo de la investigación contempló, para la producción, de datos cualitativos, la técnica de la entrevista semiestructurada y se contó con un universo de 67 personas adultas mayores, de las cuales 20 fueron hombres y 47 mujeres. En cuanto a los hallazgos es importante decir que la población adulta mayor que formó parte de la muestra de este estudio, se siente satisfecha con la labor que realiza esta institución, ya que el usuario está contento cuando los servicios cubren o exceden sus expectativas; pero, si estas son bajas o si el usuario tiene acceso limitado a cualquiera de los servicios, puede ser que esté insatisfecho con recibir servicios relativamente deficientes.Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No. 9, diciembre 2015, pp.65-79
Ambientes primarios de desarrollo y habilidades sociocognitivas en escolares con comportamientos disruptivos
Authors: Hernández Herrera Socorro Francinet , Ardón Ledezma Rolando Alfredo
Published: June 2016

El presente estudio es tipo descriptivo mixto, predominantemente cualitativo. El principal objetivo fue conocer el funcionamiento de los ambientes primarios de desarrollo y las habilidades sociocognitivas de escolares con comportamientos disruptivos de la Escuela John F. Kennedy de Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Se evaluaron 15 participantes (14 varones, 1 mujer) entre las edades de 6 a 10 años, utilizando técnicas observacionales, psicométricas, proyectivas y entrevistas.Los resultados muestran que en el ambiente familiar predomina el tipo de familia biparental y en menor medida se presenta la estructura monoparental. Sobre las relaciones con el padre y la madre, todos los participantes mostraron conflictos que se caracterizan por relaciones hostiles, carentes de afecto y comunicación. En las relaciones fraternas se mostraron conflictos de rivalidad, hostilidad y distancia emocional. El estilo de crianza en la mayoría de los participantes fue el autoritario y solo en uno se presentó el estilo permisivo. Las prácticas disciplinarias en todos los casos son los castigos físicos y restrictivos.El ambiente escolar posee condiciones físicas idóneas. En las interacciones entre compañeros se identificaron dificultades de integración en el grupo debido al rechazo por sus conductas. Todos los participantes mostraron conflictos por agresividad y molestias con sus compañeros. Los profesores muestran un estilo disciplinario ambivalente ante las disrupciones.Con relación a las habilidades sociocognitivas enfocadas a solución de problemas en las relaciones interpersonales, la mayoría presenta una adecuada habilidad, por lo que se puede decir que los participantes poseen las herramientas mentales para actuar adecuadamente en situaciones problemáticas de interacción social.Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No. 9, diciembre 2015, pp.80-93
Facebook Activities and the Investment of L2 Learners
Authors: Shafie Latisha Asmaak , Yaacob Aizan , Singh Paramjit Kaur Karpal
Published: June 2016

The article discusses the investment of L2 learners in the English language on Facebook that they portrayed through their Facebook activities. It studied four informants consisted of diploma students in a Malaysian university. The study consisted of 14 weeks of online observation and semi-structured interviews. Data were collected from online observation and semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and Second Cycle Coding. The findings revealed that there were five Facebook activities that were used by L2 learners to improve their English language proficiency: (a) writing posts and comments in English, (b) reading news feeds in English, (c) participating in interest-based Facebook groups, (d) watching movies in English, and (e) communicating with foreign Facebook friends. The most popular Facebook activities were writing posts and comments in English and reading news feeds in English.
Terrorism and Moral Panic in Nigeria
Authors: Ugwuoke Cyril O. , Ngwu Elias Chukwuemeka , Iziga Patience N.
Published: June 2016

Terrorism and Moral Panic in Nigeria, is an investigation of the impact of terrorist attacks in the psyche of Nigerians. The sovereignty of the Nigerian state was threatened following the emergence of a terrorist group known as Boko Haram, which conquered a substantial part of Northeast Nigeria, using modern military hardware such as bombs, rockets, military tanks and high caliber machine guns. Boko Haram carried their terrorist attacks to many parts of Northern Nigeria, including Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which made the entire country to panic by creating genuine fear of insecurity in Nigeria. The study was conducted in August and September, 2015, in Abuja. A cross-sectional survey method was used to select 276 respondents by accidental sampling technique through the use of administered questionnaire. The study indicates that there were rampant terrorist attacks in Abuja, and the frequency by which people felt panicked was high. Also, the study found the role of the mass media in spreading information about the activities of the terrorists to be high. The study indicated high perception of personal risk by the respondents with a greater percentage knowing at least one dead victim of the terrorist attacks in Nigeria. The study recommended the improvement of the nation’s security network and public enlightenment as the panacea to the security challenges facing Nigeria at the moment.
Discurso de viaje de una mexicana finisecular: Laura Méndez de Cuenca
Authors: Parra Lazcano Lourdes
Published: June 2016

En este artículo se analiza el «discurso de viaje» de Laura Méndez de Cuenca. Primeramente, se contextualiza históricamente a esta escritora dentro de la sociedad mexicana de finales del siglo XIX, a la par que, de acuerdo a la propuesta de Michel Foucault, se destaca la importancia del discurso de la multiplicidad en sus discursos de viaje. Posteriormente, se estudian las posturas de Méndez de Cuenca en relación con el rol de las mujeres, lo extranjero y la «raza». El artículo concluye evaluando las multiplicidades discursivas de esta escritora.
Introducción: Escritoras entre siglos: imaginarios, identidades, géneros
Authors: Ferrús Beatriz , Del Pozo Alba
Published: June 2016

Introducción al dossier "Escritoras entre siglos"
Partial Least-Squares and Linear Support Vector Regression Chemometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Amoxicillin Trihydrate and Dicloxacillin Sodium in the Presence of Their Common Impurity
Authors: Naguib Ibrahim A , Abdelaleem Eglal A , Zaazaa Hala E , Hussein Essraa A
Published: June 2016

Two multivariate chemometric models, namely, partial least-squares regression (PLSR) and linear support vector regression (SVR), are presented for the analysis of amoxicillin trihydrate and dicloxacillin sodium in the presence of their common impurity (6-aminopenicillanic acid) in raw materials and in pharmaceutical dosage form via handling UV spectral data and making a modest comparison between the two models, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each. For optimum analysis, a three-factor, four-level experimental design was established, resulting in a training set of 16 mixtures containing different ratios of interfering species. To validate the prediction ability of the suggested models, an independent test set consisting of eight mixtures was used. The presented results show the ability of the two proposed models to determine the two drugs simultaneously in the presence of small levels of the common impurity with high accuracy and selectivity. The analysis results of the dosage form were statistically compared to a reported HPLC method, with no significant difference regarding accuracy and precision, indicating the ability of the suggested multivariate calibration models to be reliable and suitable for routine analysis of the drug product. Compared to the PLSR model, the SVR model gives more accurate results with a lower prediction error, as well as high generalization ability; however, the PLSR model is easy to handle and fast to optimize.
Die steuerliche Integration des Europäischen Binnenmarktes durch Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen
Authors: Billau Jakob
Published: June 2016

The author offers a way to eliminate harmful double taxation within the Single European Market. Although the Single European Market has been the central core of the European unification, its completion has yet to be achieved. Particularly, double taxation between the Member States of the EU is an enduring problem without any viable solution in sight. The ECJ holds in settled case law that the fundamental freedoms comprise no ban of genuine juridical double taxation. The author examines art. 293 2nd dent EC as a possible solution. This article opens the instruments of international tax law for purposes of European tax law.
The analysis concludes that the article comprises a commitment to eliminate double taxation within the European Single Market by using double tax treaties. The core of this article is drafted into a directive, transferring the analysis into current law.

The author is a lawyer and a certified tax advisor in Stuttgart, Germany.
How to Write a Horror Film: The Awakening (2011) and Development Practices in the British Film Industry
Authors: Peirse Alison
Published: June 2016

This article reveals how screenwriter Stephen Volk‘s idea for a sequel to The Innocents (1961, Jack Clayton) became, over the course of fifteen years, the British horror film The Awakening (2011, Nick Murphy). It examines practitioner interviews to reflect on creative labour in the British film industry, while also reorientating the analysis of British horror film to the practices of pre-production, specifically development. The research reveals that female protagonist Florence Cathcart was a major problem for the project and demonstrates how the Florence character changed throughout the development process. Repeatedly rewritten and ultimately restrained by successive male personnel, her character reveals persistent, problematic perceptions of gender in British horror filmmaking.
Individual, Network, Assemblage: Creating Connections on the Global Film Festival Circuit
Authors: Robinson Luke
Published: June 2016

What role do individuals play in sustaining the so-called global film festival network? This article considers this question through case studies of four specialist Chinese-language film festivals in London. It argues that while the global circuit shapes the institutional appearance of these smaller events, the kinds of strategic collaborations that the organisers of the latter effect at the former – striking up connections with directors and sales agents at film markets, for example – are key ways in which global relationships and A-list events are built from the ground up. These mutually related but unstable interactions allow us to rethink the network as an assemblage of events and individuals, addressing the analytical problem of scale in film festivals studies in the process.
Mitochondrial dysfunction remodels one-carbon metabolism in human cells
Authors: Bao Xiaoyan Robert , Ong Shao-En , Goldberger Olga , Peng Jun , Sharma Rohit , Thompson Dawn A , Vafai Scott B , Cox Andrew G , Marutani Eizo , Ichinose Fumito , Goessling Wolfram , Regev Aviv , Carr Steven A , Clish Clary B , Mootha Vamsi K
Published: June 2016

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a spectrum of human disorders, ranging from rare, inborn errors of metabolism to common, age-associated diseases such as neurodegeneration. How these lesions give rise to diverse pathology is not well understood, partly because their proximal consequences have not been well-studied in mammalian cells. Here we provide two lines of evidence that mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction leads to alterations in one-carbon metabolism pathways. First, using hypothesis-generating metabolic, proteomic, and transcriptional profiling, followed by confirmatory experiments, we report that mitochondrial DNA depletion leads to an ATF4-mediated increase in serine biosynthesis and transsulfuration. Second, we show that lesioning the respiratory chain impairs mitochondrial production of formate from serine, and that in some cells, respiratory chain inhibition leads to growth defects upon serine withdrawal that are rescuable with purine or formate supplementation. Our work underscores the connection between the respiratory chain and one-carbon metabolism with implications for understanding mitochondrial pathogenesis.
Enhancer regions show high histone H3.3 turnover that changes during differentiation
Authors: Deaton Aimee M , Gómez-Rodríguez Mariluz , Mieczkowski Jakub , Tolstorukov Michael Y , Kundu Sharmistha , Sadreyev Ruslan I , Jansen Lars ET , Kingston Robert E
Published: June 2016

The organization of DNA into chromatin is dynamic; nucleosomes are frequently displaced to facilitate the ability of regulatory proteins to access specific DNA elements. To gain insight into nucleosome dynamics, and to follow how dynamics change during differentiation, we used a technique called time-ChIP to quantitatively assess histone H3.3 turnover genome-wide during differentiation of mouse ESCs. We found that, without prior assumptions, high turnover could be used to identify regions involved in gene regulation. High turnover was seen at enhancers, as observed previously, with particularly high turnover at super-enhancers. In contrast, regions associated with the repressive Polycomb-Group showed low turnover in ESCs. Turnover correlated with DNA accessibility. Upon differentiation, numerous changes in H3.3 turnover rates were observed, the majority of which occurred at enhancers. Thus, time-ChIP measurement of histone turnover shows that active enhancers are unusually dynamic in ESCs and changes in highly dynamic nucleosomes predominate at enhancers during differentiation.
Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Viability by 3‐Dimensional Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiography in Patients With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ran Hong , Zhang Ping-Yang , Zhang You-Xiang , Zhang Jian-Xin , Wu Wen-Fang , Dong Jing , Ma Xiao-Wu
Published: June 2016

Objectives

To determine whether 3‐dimensional (3D) speckle‐tracking echocardiography could provide a new way to assess myocardial viability in patients with myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods

Forty‐five patients with MI underwent routine echocardiography, 2‐dimensional (2D) speckle‐tracking echocardiography, and 3D speckle‐tracking echocardiography. Radionuclide myocardial perfusion/metabolic imaging was used as a reference standard to define viable and nonviable myocardia.

Results

Among 720 myocardial segments in 45 patients, 368 showed abnormal motion on routine echocardiography; 204 of 368 were categorized as viable on single‐photon emission computed tomography/positron emission tomography (SPECT/PET), whereas 164 were defined as nonviable; 300 normal segments on SPECT/PET among 352 segments without abnormal motion on routine echocardiography were categorized as a control group. The radial, longitudinal, 3D, and area strain on 3D speckle‐tracking echocardiography had significant differences between control and nonviable groups (P < .001), whereas none of the parameters had significant differences between control and viable groups. There were no significant differences in circumferential, radial, and longitudinal peak systolic strain from 2D speckle‐tracking echocardiography between viable and nonviable groups. Although there was no significant difference in circumferential strain between the groups, radial and longitudinal strain from 3D speckle‐tracking echocardiography decreased significantly in the nonviable group. Moreover, 3D and area strain values were lower in the nonviable segments than the viable segments. By receiver operating characteristic analysis, radial strain from 3D speckle‐tracking echocardiography with a cutoff of 11.1% had sensitivity of 95.1% and specificity of 53.4% for viable segments; longitudinal strain with a cutoff of 14.3% had sensitivity of 65.2% and specificity of 65.7%; 3D strain with a cutoff of 17.4% had sensitivity of 70.6% and specificity of 77.2%; and area strain with a cutoff of 23.2% had sensitivity of 91.5% and specificity of 82.8%.

Conclusions

Three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography might have potential for detection of myocardial viability in patients with cardiac dysfunction due to MI.
Enzymes in Industrial Biotechnology
Authors: Lobedanz Sune , Damhus Ture , Borchert Torben V. , Hansen Tomas T. , Lund Henrik , Lai Weijian , Lin Mengmeng , Leclerc Marc , Kirk Ole
Published: June 2016

Enzyme technology has been used in industrial processes since ancient Greece. The present industrial applications of enzymes are, however, the result of a rapid development seen primarily over the past five decades, thanks to, first of all, the evolution of modern biotechnology. The result is a highly diversified market that is still growing in terms of both size and complexity.

The introduction of protein engineering has revolutionized the development of industrial enzymes further and made it possible to tailor‐make enzymes to display new activities and adapt to new process conditions enabling a further expansion of their use. Production of enzymes involves recombinant expression in selected host microorganisms, fermentation, recovery, and formulation.

The detergent industry is the largest user of enzymes, which are utilized to remove soiling, increase softness, and protect garments. The starch industry uses a variety of enzymes in the production of value‐added products from starches. In the bioethanol industry, enzymes are used to convert starch and biomass into fermentable sugars. Enzymes also find wide use in the textile, leather, pulp and paper, and animal feed industries. Another important area is the food industry in which enzymes are used in the dairy, bakery, brewing, and protein‐modification industries.
Batteries
Authors: Skundin Aleksandr M.
Published: June 2016

The creation of chemical power sources opened up “era of electricity” for humankind. Now billions of batteries coexist with large grid‐power plants providing autonomous energy supply. It is impossible to imagine human activity without batteries, which are used worldwide in different means of transport (every car uses SLI battery), in portable and domestic devices (wrist watches, mobile phones, cameras, notebooks, audio and video players, hearing aids, and different other electronic and medical devices), in different municipal buildings (telephone stations and power backup in hospitals). The batteries play very important role in modern weapons and military equipment, as well in space technique. Chemical power sources are devices for direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical one. This article gives short introduction of fundamentals of batteries and describes their performance, design and technology, and maintenance. The article shortly describes also various types of modern batteries, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, silver–zinc, and lithium‐ion rechargeable batteries, as well as manganese–zinc and various lithium primary batteries, and electrochemical supercapacitors.
Nondestructive Evaluation
Authors: Kundu Tribikram
Published: June 2016

The technology of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) includes all nondamaging or nonintrusive methods for determining material identity; for evaluating material properties, composition, structure, or serviceability; and for detecting discontinuities and defects in materials. Nondestructive tests commonly are used for quality control, process control, and for reliability assurance of materials, protective coatings, components, welds, assemblies, structures, and operating systems. The use of these tests helps prevent premature failure of materials during processing, manufacturing, or assembly, and during service under anticipated operating stresses and environments. Nondestructive evaluation provides an essential service toward achieving the goal of optimum plant and system operation.

An overview of NDE methods and applications that applies to most inspection demands in the chemical industry is presented. Candidates for inspection with NDE range from massive aircraft and pressure vessels to minute fibers used in the construction of high strength composites and fine arts objects. Techniques applicable to such a wide range of items may be classified as active external energy tests, where the signal or probing energy is generated externally to the system being evaluated, or passive energy tests, where the signal comes from the system itself. Probe sources range from the ultrasonic and microwave through γ‐ and X‐rays. Surface investigation, leak detection, flaw sizing, imaging of material systems, and routine inspections are all carried out using NDE.
Perfumes
Authors: Perring Keith D.
Published: June 2016

This article provides an overview of perfumes from the perspective of the technical specialist and highlights how the growth of the synthetic aroma chemical industry has supported the penetration of perfumes into the majority of consumer products, as either fine fragrances or as functional fragrances. Perfume creation, the surprising scope of fragrance technologies, process research and development, and associated legislative issues are summarized. The article also covers such topics as the analysis of natural products, structure–odor considerations, mood effects of fragrance, and malodor counteraction.

Perfume commercialization and how it has evolved in the twenty‐first century, in particular the impact of perfume encapsulation and the filing of ever‐increasing numbers of patents, as well as the vexed question of perfume copyright are also touched on. Finally, it reviews some general business aspects including the market profile and the effect of global safety and environmental legislation on regulation of the industry.
Rubber Compounding
Authors: Rodgers Brendan , Tallury Syamal S. , Klingensmith William
Published: June 2016

Rubber compounding is the complex technology of selecting and blending the optimum combination of elastomer and other ingredients that meet the performance, processing, environmental, and cost requirements for rubber goods made and used in commerce. Rubber goods include products such as tires, innertubes, footwear, conveyor belts, medical devices, bumpers, and numerous other products. Chemical and physical properties of the wide variety of elastomers and ingredients available in making rubber goods are provided. Vulcanization, oils, plasticizers, general compounding, curing, fillers, and testing are discussed.
Bioinspired Superwettability Materials
Authors: Xiao Kai , Wen Liping , Jiang Lei
Published: June 2016

Naturally occurring structures such as spider silks, cactus spine, dandelion pappi, lotus leaves, butterfly wings, rose petals, gecko feet, and desert beetles possess unique properties and outstanding wettability characteristics, which are not yet well understood, but may provide inspiration for construction of superwettability materials. The focus of this article is on recent progress in application of bioinspired superwettability materials for diverse uses ranging from nanofibers, self‐cleaning materials, and chemical reaction interfaces to oil–water separation, patterning, and printing.

The article begins by introducing one‐ and two‐dimensional naturally occurring structures with superwettability properties. Then, the fundamental principles of superwetting materials are discussed, followed by classification of superwettability materials based on the medium. The article discusses in detail the recent progress in application of bioinspired materials and provides a short conclusion and perspective.