bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Stress Level on the Determination of In Situ Stress by DRA Method
Authors: Ban Yuxin , Xie Qiang , Tang Jiahui , Duan Jun , Fu Xiang , Xue Xiaoqiang
Published: November 2024

Obtaining reliable in situ stress field data is the precondition of the design and excavation of underground engineering. The deformation rate analysis (DRA) method based on the rock deformation memory effect is an effective method for testing in situ stress. Cyclic loading tests were carried out on dense granite to research the influence of stress level on the identification accuracy of the DRA method. The DRA curves of horizontal and longitudinal strains are compared to find the difference between the accuracy in different directions. The results showed that in the range of 15%-60% uniaxial compression strength, the rock deformation memory effect is obvious, which indicates that the DRA method is applicable in low-stress regions, while the measuring accuracy is not as good as that in high-stress areas. When the specimen is subjected to low pre-stress, the accuracy is higher when using the horizontal strain than the longitudinal strain. The accuracy of both horizontal and longitudinal DRA methods increases with the increase in pre-stress. The measuring accuracy is similar when the pre-stress is higher than 45%UCS. What is more, the discrete element numerical model is calculated to verify the test results and reveal the microscopic mechanism of the DRA method under the control of crack evolution. The characteristics of rock memory are related to the evolution of crack closure, cracking, and expansion. The research results can provide an experimental basis for promoting the theoretical development and field application of the testing in situ stress with the DRA method.
Buildings: Special Issue on Advancement in Research on Structural Dynamics and Health Monitoring
Authors: Cheng Shaohong , Zhou Haijun
Published: November 2024

The rapid development of engineering materials, construction technologies, and analytical approaches has made it possible to design and build more slender structures, with longer spans and taller heights [...]
Analysis of Indoor Thermal Environment Improvement in Apartment Buildings Through the Application of Heat-Reflective Paint
Authors: Kwon Tae Kyung , Zoh Hyunmin Daniel , Ahn Woojung , Lee Seho , Kim Tae Hyoung
Published: November 2024

Urban heat islands and rising global temperatures are increasing the need for passive cooling solutions in densely populated areas. This study examines the effectiveness of heat-reflective paint in reducing surface and indoor temperatures in a 33-year-old apartment complex in Gumi City, South Korea. Using mock structures to simulate real building conditions, this experiment measured surface and indoor temperatures in both treated and untreated groups. Data collected from thermal imaging cameras and data loggers demonstrated significant temperature reductions on the treated walls, with surface temperatures lowered by an average of 2.2 °C to 4.3 °C and peak reductions of up to 15.3 °C. Internally, the treated structures showed temperature reductions between 2.1 °C and 4.1 °C, with the largest difference of 4.14 °C observed during peak heat hours. The results highlight the effectiveness of heat-reflective paint in mitigating heat stress and improving indoor thermal comfort, particularly in regions with high solar exposure. This study aims to support vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and economically disadvantaged residents, by providing a cost-effective, sustainable solution to reduce heat exposure in aging urban buildings, thereby enhancing their quality of life.
Preparation of Low Carbon Silicomanganese Slag-Based Alkali-Activated Materials Using Alkali-Activated Silica Waste
Authors: Zheng Yang , Zhang Zhi-Yuan , Liu Yisong , Zhang Xiaozhu , Kang Shaoguo , Lv Leyang , Zhou Junbo
Published: November 2024

The utilization of silicomanganese slag (SiMnS) as a precursor for alkali-activated materials (AAMs) is considered as an efficient approach for sustainable and eco-friendly large-scale resource utilization. However, sodium silicate solutions account for more than 50% of the production costs and carbon emissions of AAMs. In this study, AAM activators were prepared by silica-containing waste (acid leaching residue of boron mud, BM-AR) and NaOH as raw materials, and were successfully substituted for commercial sodium silicate-NaOH activators. Results indicated that the NaOH dosage had a great effect on the concentration and modulus of the activator. With the appropriate dosage of NaOH (NaOH: BM-AR = 0.4–0.7), suitable moduli of AAM activators can be produced at a wide range of solid/liquid ratios (L/S = 3–4.5) under mild conditions (80–100 °C). The compressive strength of the SiMnS AAM specimens prepared by this activator can reach 68.58 MPa, and its hydration products were mainly hydrated calcium silicate and amorphous silica–alumina gel, indicating the successful preparation of AAM. Calculation showed that the carbon emission of the AAMs prepared in this study was 12.4% and 37.6% of that of OPC and commercial water glass/NaOH-activated AAMs, and the cost was only 67.14% and 60.78% of them. The process achieves the use of waste materials to replace commercial activators, and is expected to be extended to a variety of AAMs raw materials and silica-containing waste. This makes it a highly promising alternative method for the production of AAMs, particularly the ‘just add water’ AAMs.
Cocoa Pod Husk Carbon Family for Biogas Upgrading: Preliminary Assessment Using the Approximate Adsorption Performance Indicator
Authors: Abou Alfa Khaled , Meza-Sepulveda Diana C. , Vaulot Cyril , Le Meins Jean-Marc , Ghimbeu Camelia Matei , Tonini Louise , Cubillos Janneth A. , Moynault Laurent , Platel Vincent , Paredes Diego , Hort Cecile
Published: November 2024

The preliminary selection of adsorbents for the separation of a gas mixture based on pure gas adsorption remains a critical challenge; thus, an approximate adsorption performance indicator (AAPI) was proposed for the initial evaluation of the adsorbents to separate the biogas main constituents (carbon dioxide/methane (CO2/CH4)) by studying their pure gas adsorption. Three samples derived from cocoa pod husk (CPH), namely Cabosse-500 (pyrolyzed at 500 °C), Cabosse-700 (pyrolyzed at 700 °C), and Cabosse-A-700 (activated with CO2 at 700 °C), were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for the pure gases adsorption. This study presents an AAPI evaluation, which takes into account adsorption capacity, approximate selectivity, and heat of adsorption. Adsorption isotherms indicate the ability of the CPH family to selectively capture CO2 over CH4, as they have a high approximate selectivity (>1) thanks to their physical properties. Changing the pyrolysis temperature, activation methods, and varying the pressure can significantly change the choice of the most effective adsorbent; Cabosse-A-700 showed better performance than the other two in the low and high pressure range owing to its presence of micropores and mesopores, which enhances the CO2 adsorption and therefore the AAPI.
Targeting Radiation Resistance in Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma with Pyrazinib-Functionalised Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Marcone Simone , Spadavecchia Jolanda , Khan Memona , Vella Gabriele , O’Connell Fiona , Pendino Marzia , Menon Meghana , Donohoe Claire , Narayanasamy Ravi , Reynolds John V. , Maher Stephen G. , Lynam-Lennon Niamh , Kennedy Breandán , Prina-Mello Adriele , O’Sullivan Jacintha
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Only 20–30% of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) patients achieve a complete response to neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy for locally advanced tumours. Enhancing the response to radiation therapy is critical for improving outcomes in this aggressive cancer. Pyrazinib (P3) is a promising compound with radiosensitizing, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-metabolic properties. However, its limited solubility and bioavailability have hindered its therapeutic potential. Methods: To overcome these limitations, pyrazinib was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNP-P3), creating a novel formulation designed to enhance solubility, maintain bioactivity, and enable targeted delivery to tumour sites. Results: In an isogenic model of OAC radioresistance, AuNP-P3 significantly reduced the surviving fraction following irradiation, demonstrating its radiosensitizing properties. It also reduced mitochondrial metabolism and modulated the secretion of inflammatory mediators in both in vitro models of OAC radioresistance and human ex vivo OAC tumour explants. Furthermore, AuNP-P3 exhibited potent anti-angiogenic activity, significantly inhibiting blood vessel formation in vivo using zebrafish embryo models. Conclusions: These results collectively confirm that P3, in its conjugated formulation with gold nanoparticles, retains its therapeutic properties, highlighting the potential of AuNP-P3 as a novel therapeutic radiosensitizer for oesophageal adenocarcinoma and supporting its further development for clinical applications.
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection of Human Brain Organoids and Pancreatic Stem Cell-Islets Drives Organoid-Specific Transcripts Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease and Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Sundstrom Jonathan , Vanderleeden Emma , Barton Nathaniel J. , Redick Sambra D. , Dawes Pepper , Murray Liam F. , Olson Meagan N. , Tran Khanh , Chigas Samantha M. , Orszulak Adrian R. , Church George M. , Readhead Benjamin , Oh Hyung Suk , Harlan David M. , Knipe David M. , Wang Jennifer P. , Chan Yingleong , Lim Elaine T.
Published: November 2024

Viral infections leading to inflammation have been implicated in several common diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Of note, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) has been reported to be associated with AD. We sought to identify the transcriptomic changes due to HSV-1 infection and anti-viral drug (acyclovir, ACV) treatment of HSV-1 infection in dissociated cells from human cerebral organoids (dcOrgs) versus stem cell-derived pancreatic islets (sc-islets) to gain potential biological insights into the relevance of HSV-1-induced inflammation in AD and T1D. We observed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HSV-1-infected sc-islets were enriched for genes associated with several autoimmune diseases, most significantly, T1D, but also rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, whereas DEGs in HSV-1-infected dcOrgs were exclusively enriched for genes associated with AD. The ACV treatment of sc-islets was not as effective in rescuing transcript perturbations of autoimmune disease-associated genes. Finally, we identified gene ontology categories that were enriched for DEGs that were in common across, or unique to, viral treatment of dcOrgs and sc-islets, such as categories involved in the transferase complex, mitochondrial, and autophagy function. In addition, we compared transcriptomic signatures from HSV-1-infected sc-islets with sc-islets that were infected with the coxsackie B virus (CVB) that had been associated with T1D pathogenesis. Collectively, this study provides tissue-specific insights into the molecular effects of inflammation in AD and T1D.
Macrophage Inhibitor Clodronate Enhances Liver Transduction of Lentiviral but Not Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors or mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles in Neonatal and Juvenile Mice
Authors: Touramanidou Loukia , Gurung Sonam , Cozmescu Claudiu A. , Perocheau Dany , Moulding Dale , Finn Patrick F. , Frassetto Andrea , Waddington Simon N. , Gissen Paul , Baruteau Julien
Published: November 2024

Recently approved adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors for liver monogenic diseases haemophilia A and B are exemplifying the success of liver-directed viral gene therapy. In parallel, additional gene therapy strategies are rapidly emerging to overcome some inherent AAV limitations, such as the non-persistence of the episomal transgene in the rapidly growing liver and immune response. Viral integrating vectors such as in vivo lentiviral gene therapy and non-viral vectors such as lipid nanoparticles encapsulating mRNA (LNP-mRNA) are rapidly being developed, currently at the preclinical and clinical stages, respectively. Macrophages are the first effector cells of the innate immune response triggered by gene therapy vectors. Macrophage uptake and activation following administration of viral gene therapy and LNP have been reported. In this study, we assessed the biodistribution of AAV, lentiviral, and LNP-mRNA gene therapy following the depletion of tissue macrophages by clodronate pre-treatment in neonatal and juvenile mice. Both neonatal and adult clodronate-treated mice showed a significant increase in lentiviral-transduced hepatocytes. In contrast, clodronate pre-treatment did not modify hepatocyte transduction mediated by hepatotropic AAV8 but reduced LNP-mRNA transfection in neonatal and juvenile animals. These results highlight the importance of age-specific responses in the liver and will have translational applications for gene therapy programs.
Chronic Tic Disorders in Youth: Clinical Phenotypes and Response to Pharmacological Treatment with Aripiprazole
Authors: Falcone Francesca , Berloffa Stefano , Sesso Gianluca , Narzisi Antonio , Valente Elena , Viglione Valentina , Masi Gabriele , Milone Annarita , Fantozzi Pamela
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Tic disorders are neurodevelopmental conditions often associated with comorbidities like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our aims were: (a) in a sample of youth with tic disorders to explore the clinical and psychopathological characteristics of different phenotypes based on the presence of comorbid ADHD and/or ASD and gender; (b) in a subgroup of patients treated with Aripiprazole, to evaluate symptoms variation over time and to identify potential predictors of response. Methods: A total of 95 subjects with tic disorders (age range 6 to 17.9 years, mean 11.1 ± 2.11 years, 80 males) were naturalistically recruited. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were administered to assess the symptomatology and investigate the presence of psychiatric comorbidities (Clinic Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), Children’s Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS), Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS), Child Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for Children (CYBOCS), Child Behavior Checklist 6–18 (CBCL 6–18), Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised—short form (CRSR-S), Reactivity Intensity Polarity Stability Questionnaire—youth version (RIPoSt-Y), and Social Communication Questionnaire—lifetime version (SCQ); Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale—second version (ADOS-2) and Autism Diagnostic Interview—revised version (ADI-R) were administered where ASD was suspected). A total of 22 subjects treated with Aripiprazole were reassessed through the use of some of the clinical measures used at baseline. Results: The presence of ADHD was associated with higher externalizing problem scores on the CBCL 6–18, while ASD was linked to higher internalizing problem scores. A positive correlation was found between the ADHD–ASD interaction and increased internalizing symptoms on CBCL 6–18 and higher ADOS-2 scores. Patients treated with Aripiprazole showed significant improvement across all scales during follow-up. ADHD was identified as a negative predictor of reduced tic severity on the YGTSS. Conclusions: Comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ADHD or ASD, result in worse emotional and behavioral functioning in patients with tic disorders. ADHD–ASD interaction may be linked to more internalizing symptoms and autistic behaviors. Aripiprazole improves overall clinical outcomes, although comorbid ADHD may hinder the reduction of tic symptoms.
Development of a Japanese Version of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, and Examining the Structure of Japanese Mothers’ Parenting Self-Efficacy
Authors: Tanigo Tomomi , Endo Masayuki , Ohashi Kazutomo
Published: November 2024

Objective: Parenting self-efficacy (PSE) is an important factor in children’s development. Mothers’ PSE tends to be the lowest 1 month postpartum. A common measure of PSE is the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale. However, no existing scale measures the PSE of Japanese mothers with newborns. Therefore, this study developed a Japanese version of the PSOC scale for mothers 1 month postpartum (Study 1) and investigated the structure of their PSE (Study 2). Methods: In Study 1, data were collected from mothers 1 month postpartum from April to October 2017, and an exploratory factor analysis was performed on their PSOC scores. In Study 2, data were collected from mothers 1 month postpartum from January to September 2022. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted of the Japanese PSOC scale developed in Study 1 to investigate the structure of the participants’ PSE 1 month postpartum. Results: In Study 1, a 2-factor (Efficacy and Satisfaction) 12-item Japanese PSOC scale was obtained after deleting four items because of low factor loadings. In Study 2, the model showed an acceptable fit. The Japanese PSOC (12 items) had a moderate positive correlation with Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale and the Maternal Attachment Inventory and a moderate negative correlation with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Furthermore, mothers whose children had siblings (versus no siblings) and mothers with three children (versus two children) had significantly higher PSOC scores. Conclusions: We developed a reliable and valid Japanese version of the PSOC for mothers 1 month postpartum and revealed the structure of their PSE.
The Effect of Group-Based Early Parent Education on Development in Preterm Infants
Authors: Lee Joon Hee , Lee Nam Hyun , Yoon In Jin , Hong Mi Jin , Choi Eun Jung , Jang Baek Hee , Chang Jong Yoon , Lee Byong Sop , Jung Euiseok , Sung In Young , Ko Eun Jae
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study explored how group-based early parent education impacts development in preterm infants. Methods: This retrospective cohort study, with a historical control group, included preterm infants (n = 246) with corrected ages (CAs) of 0–3 months. Those visiting the clinic between July 2017 and December 2018 formed the control group (n = 145), whereas those visiting between January 2019 and February 2020 (n = 101) constituted the education group. The education group received six education sessions performed by a physical therapist, and two sessions conducted by an occupational therapist at CAs of 0–6 months. Assessments included the following: Alberta Infant Motor Scale at CA 3, 6, 9, and 12 months; Bayley Scales of Infant Development II at CA 12 and 24 months; and the Sequenced Language Scale for Infants at CA 24 months. Results: The education group, which initially showed greater developmental delay than the control group, showed no significant delay after education sessions. Developmental improvements were more prominent in infants born before 28 weeks’ gestational age, and in infants with no, or mild, brain injury. Conclusions: Group-based early parent education improved development at CA 24 months in preterm infants, especially in infants born before 28 weeks gestational age, and in infants with no, or mild, brain injury. This approach may enhance developmental outcomes in preterm infants.
Multicentric Study on the Diagnostic of Neuromuscular Diseases in Children with High Creatinine Phosphokinase Levels
Authors: Monteiro Cláudia , Garrido Cristina , Pereira Ângela , Dias Andreia , Costa Mariana , Magalhães Catarina , Ferreira Manuela , Costa Miguel , Santos Manuela
Published: November 2024

Background: Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are rare, predominantly hereditary, with progressive course disorders. Furthermore, diagnosis can be delayed by years after symptoms emerge, resulting in missed opportunities for modifying disease progression, specific therapeutic approaches, and counseling. Some NMDs have high levels of creatine phosphokinase (CK). Thus, its measurement can indicate an NMD associated with muscle involvement. Objectives: We aimed to identify myopathies and muscular dystrophies through elevated CK levels for early detection of these disorders. Methods: A prospective, observational, and analytical study of children and teenagers showing high levels of CK, showing mild symptoms, or who were asymptomatic with elevation of transaminases from all pediatric units in the north of Portugal was performed. All diagnosed patients were referred to our Center for Neuromuscular Diseases. Additionally, CK level confirmation, clinical examination, and investigation were performed according to best-practice clinical guidelines. Results: We found 33 patients from 8/12 pediatric units. A diagnosis with implications for care measures and treatment was performed in half of the patients. A total of 30% presented an NMD diagnosis. Dystrophinopathies represented the largest group (21%). Conclusions: Therefore, NMDs should be considered in children and teenagers with high CK levels, even those with mild symptoms. Screening for CK elevation should be used to promote an earlier diagnosis of many NMDs.
Progressive Quadriparesis of a Toddler with a Posterior Cranial Fossa Arachnoid Cyst (AC): Illustrative Case Report and Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Vassilopoulos Thanos , Miliaraki Marianna , Tsitsipanis Christos , Ntotsikas Konstantinos , Chochlidakis Nikolaos , Karabetsos Dimitrios , Moustakis Nikolaos , Theofanopoulos Athanasios , Lazarioti Sofia , Papastergiou Vasilios , Kritikou Georgia , Yannopoulos Andreas
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Intracranial arachnoid cysts (ACs) may be congenital, primary, or secondary due to trauma. These cysts are benign, contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and are classified based on location, size, and their clinical symptomatology. They are uncommon lesions in children, rarely leading to severe mass-effect neurological symptomatology. Methods: The present report describes a 30-month-old female presenting with quadriparesis. An emergency magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study revealed the presence of a primary intracranial arachnoid cyst of the posterior cranial fossa, exerting significant pressure on the medulla oblongata and the cervical portion of the spinal cord, displacing them dorsally, with a remnant diameter of 2.5 mm. Results: This benign malformation located in a crucial area might have been complicated by severe neurological deterioration and required prompt intervention, so the patient underwent a suboccipital craniectomy in a sitting position, along with a neurosurgical procedure, which established a lasting communication channel between the cyst and the basal cisterns. This led to a favorable outcome. Conclusions: Up to the present report, postoperative complete resolution of quadriparesis secondary to a posterior cranial fossa arachnoid cyst has not been reported. At present, no therapeutic modality has been established as the definitive standard of care for pediatric ACs, and their management raises a great deal of controversy among neurosurgeons. The narrative literature review of the present study integrates the various perspectives regarding ACs and their possible treatment approaches that are currently available.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on Morphology and Electrochromic Performance of Electrodeposited WO₃ Thin Films
Authors: Morankar Pritam J. , Amate Rutuja U. , Yewale Manesh A. , Jeon Chan-Wook
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of annealing temperature on the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of tungsten trioxide (WO3) films, fabricated via electrodeposition and annealed at 50 °C, 250 °C, and 450 °C. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed temperature-induced modifications, transitioning from amorphous to crystalline phases. Morphological studies by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) demonstrated an increase in grain size with temperature (31 nm, 48 nm, and 53 nm) and the formation of cracks at higher annealing temperatures. Electrochemical characterization showed that the WO3 film annealed at 250 °C exhibited superior redox activity, enhanced ion diffusion, and excellent reversibility. Optical studies highlighted its exceptional performance, with 79.35% optical modulation, a coloration efficiency of 97.91 cm2/C, and rapid switching times (9.8 s for coloration and 7.5 s for bleaching). Furthermore, long-term cycling tests confirmed minimal degradation after 5000 cycles, demonstrating durability. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the annealing temperature’s impact on WO3 films and underscores the novelty of achieving optimal electrochromic (EC) performance through temperature tuning, advancing the design of energy-efficient smart materials.
Using Point of Care Rapid Cortisol Measurement During Adrenal Venous Sampling in Primary Hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Rabani Hadas , Sheikh-Ahmad Mohammad , Sachner Robert , Yosefia Sawsan , Yeiches Michal , Chen-Konak Limor , Henig Clara , Dakwar Balsam , Shalata Anan , Jovanovic Katya , Rosenblat Ilana , Laniado Monica , Matter Ibrahim , Saiegh Leonard
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To assess success rates and cost-effectiveness of adrenal venous sampling (AVS) after implementing point-of-care rapid cortisol (RC) testing conducted using a europium nanoparticle-based fluoro-immunoassay in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism. Methods: A retrospective review of AVS procedures was conducted at our medical center between January 2016 and June 2024. The primary objective was to compare the success rates of AVS before and after the implementation of the RC testing. Secondary outcomes included a cost–benefit analysis. Results: Of 55 AVS procedures, 19 were conducted using RC testing and 36 were in the historical control cohort. The success rates for right vein sampling were 79% and 67%, respectively. Overall, in six (31.5%) patients in the RC cohort, a low RC selectivity index (SI) value, calculated within 10 min, enabled determination of unsuccessful cannulation and need for resampling during the same AVS session. Repeated sampling resulted in successful procedures in two cases (10.5%) and unsuccessful AVS in four cases, nonetheless sparing the need for repeated AVS sessions in 31.5% of cases. Utilizing RC potentially spared 6 patients from repeated AVS sessions, and considering the additional expenses on the RC test, its use afforded cost savings of an average of $1288 per patient. Conclusions: We demonstrated the cost-effectiveness of utilizing RC measurement in sparing the need for repeated AVS sessions. RC measurement during AVS enabled identification of correct catheter placement in real time, allowing for prompt decisions regarding the need for additional sampling attempts, thereby reducing subsequent costs of repeated AVS sessions.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis of Body Composition in Male Childhood Brain Tumor Survivors
Authors: Romano Alberto , Sollazzo Fabrizio , Corbo Fabio , Attinà Giorgio , Mastrangelo Stefano , Cordaro Simona , Modica Gloria , Zovatto Isabella Carlotta , Monti Riccardo , Bianco Massimiliano , Maurizi Palma , Palmieri Vincenzo , Ruggiero Antonio
Published: November 2024

Background. Childhood brain tumor survivors (CCSs) are at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and sarcopenia. To date, a tool able to predict any body composition changes or detect them early and increased adiposity (and, therefore, increased likelihood of MetS onset) is still lacking in this population. Objective. The objective was to analyze differences in a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of body composition between male childhood brain tumor cancer survivors and healthy controls. Methods. In this pilot, prospective, observational study, 14 male CCSs were compared to 14 healthy controls matched for sex and age. Results. CCSs showed statistically significant lower mean values in terms of their body metabolic rate (BMR), body cell mass index (BCMI), fat-free mass (FFM), skeleton muscle mass (SM), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and appendicular skeletal muscular mass (ASMM). CCSs also showed a statistically significantly higher mean value of resistance when compared with controls. The BMR, BCM, FFM, and ASMM were significantly correlated with total doses of carboplatin (Tau = −0.601; p = 0.018; Tau = −0.599, p = 0.025; Tau = −0.601, p = 0.018; Tau = −0.509, p = 0.045, respectively). Conclusion. A BIA allows for the detection of changes in body composition in survivors of childhood brain tumors, revealing either the presence of central obesity correlated with the risk of MetS or signs of sarcopenia that deserve early treatment.
Design Thinking in Education: Evaluating the Impact on Student Entrepreneurship Competencies
Authors: Baltador Lia Alexandra , Grecu Valentin , Panța Nancy Diana , Beju Anabella Maria
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effectiveness of the Sibiu Impact Makers program, a 14-week social entrepreneurship initiative at Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, which integrates Design Thinking to develop entrepreneurial competencies among students from the faculties of Economic Sciences, Engineering, as well as Social Sciences and Humanities. Using a quasi-experimental design, the study employed a pre-and-post-analysis based on the EntreComp Framework to assess changes in entrepreneurial competencies, revealing significant post-program improvements. To situate this research within the broader academic landscape, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to identify trends linking Design Thinking and entrepreneurial education. The findings indicate that the program enhances entrepreneurial skills, with impact variations tied to students’ learning styles, as classified by the Honey and Mumford Learning Style Questionnaire. However, as a case study with a sample size of 58, findings may have limited generalizability. This research contributes to the discourse on personalized and experiential education, suggesting that integrating Design Thinking with tailored learning strategies can play a vital role in entrepreneurship education.
How Does Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Relate to the Fulfilment of Basic Psychological Needs During Teaching Practicum?
Authors: Depping Denise , Ehmke Timo , Besser Michael , Leiß Dominik
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate environmental conditions in teaching practicums that support the development of pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs. Motivational orientations such as self-efficacy beliefs and enthusiasm are crucial aspects of professional teacher competence and thus should be fostered right from the beginning of teacher training. Against the backdrop of self-determination theory, which is connected to intrinsic motivation, we examined effects from the fulfilment of basic psychological needs (needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness) during teaching practicums on changes in levels of perceived self-efficacy. A total of 103 German pre-service teachers enrolled in a Bachelor’s or Master’s Degree Program participated in this study at two times of measurement. The results reveal that the fulfilment of basic psychological needs and especially a sense of relatedness contributed positively to gains in self-efficacy. The findings are discussed with regard to the design of practicums in teacher training.
Investigation of Data Augmentation Techniques in Environmental Sound Recognition
Authors: Sarris Anastasios Loukas , Vryzas Nikolaos , Vrysis Lazaros , Dimoulas Charalampos
Published: November 2024

The majority of sound events that occur in everyday life, like those caused by animals or household devices, can be included in the environmental sound family. This audio category has not been researched as much as music or speech recognition. One main bottleneck in the design of environmental data-driven monitoring automation is the lack of sufficient data representing each of a wide range of categories. In the context of audio data, an important method to increase the available data is the process of the augmentation of existing datasets. In this study, some of the most widespread time domain data augmentation techniques are studied, along with their effects on the recognition of environmental sounds, through the UrbanSound8K dataset, which consists of ten classes. The confusion matrix and the metrics that can be calculated based on the matrix were used to examine the effect of the augmentation. Also, to address the difficulty that arises when large datasets are augmented, a web-based data augmentation application was created. To evaluate the performance of the data augmentation techniques, a convolutional neural network architecture trained on the original set was used. Moreover, four time domain augmentation techniques were used. Although the parameters of the techniques applied were chosen conservatively, they helped the model to better cluster the data, especially in the four classes in which confusion was high in the initial classification. Furthermore, a web application is presented in which the user can upload their own data and apply these data augmentation techniques to both the audio extract and its time frequency representation, the spectrogram.
Distributed Malicious Traffic Detection
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Zhiqiang , Pang Shufang , Ju Lei
Published: November 2024

With the wide deployment of edge devices, distributed network traffic data are rapidly increasing. Traditional detection methods for malicious traffic rely on centralized training, in which a single server is often used to aggregate private traffic data from edge devices, so as to extract and identify features. However, these methods face difficult data collection, heavy computational complexity, and high privacy risks. To address these issues, this paper proposes a federated learning-based distributed malicious traffic detection framework, FL-CNN-Traffic. In this framework, edge devices utilize a convolutional neural network (CNN) to process local detection, data collection, feature extraction, and training. A server aggregates model updates from edge devices using four federated learning algorithms (FedAvg, FedProx, Scaffold, and FedNova) to build a global model. This framework allows multiple devices to collaboratively train a model without sharing private traffic data, addressing the “Data Silo” problem while ensuring privacy. Evaluations on the USTC-TFC2016 dataset show that for independent and identically distributed (IID) data, this framework can reach or exceed the performance of centralized deep learning methods. For Non-IID data, this framework outperforms other neural networks based on federated learning, with accuracy improvements ranging from 2.59% to 4.73%.
An Integrated Navigation Algorithm for Underwater Vehicles Improved by a Variational Bayesian and Minimum Mixed Error Entropy Unscented Kalman Filter
Authors: Ji Binghui , Sun Xiaona , Chen Peimiao , Wang Siyu , Song Shangfa , He Bo
Published: November 2024

In complex marine environments, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) rely on robust navigation and positioning. Traditional algorithms face challenges from sensor outliers and non-Gaussian noise, leading to significant prediction errors and filter divergence. Outliers in sensor observations also impact positioning accuracy. The original unscented Kalman filter (UKF) based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion suffers from performance degradation under these conditions. This paper enhances the minimum error entropy unscented Kalman filter algorithm using variational Bayesian (VB) methods and mixed entropy functions. By implementing minimum error entropy (MEE) and mixed kernel functions in the UKF, the algorithm’s robustness under complex underwater conditions is improved. The VB method adaptively fits the measurement noise covariance, enhancing adaptability to marine environments. Simulations and sea trials validate the proposed algorithm’s performance, showing significant improvements in navigation accuracy and root mean square error (RMSE). In environments with complex noise, our algorithm improves the overall navigation accuracy by at least 10% over other existing algorithms. This demonstrates the high accuracy and robustness of the algorithm.
Small-Signal Modeling of Grid-Forming Wind Turbines in Active Power and DC Voltage Control Timescale
Authors: Jiang Kezheng , Ji Xiaotong , Liu Dan , Zheng Wanning , Tian Lixing , Chen Shiwei
Published: November 2024

Grid-forming wind turbines (GFM-WTs) based on virtual synchronous control can support the voltage and frequency of power system by emulating the synchronous generator. The dynamic characteristics of a GFM-WT decided by virtual synchronous control, dq-axis voltage, and current control is significant for small-signal stability analysis. This paper builds a small-signal model of a GFM-WT in active power control (APC) and DC voltage control (DVC) timescale from the perspective of internal voltage. The proposed model describes how the magnitude and phase of the internal voltage are excited by the unbalanced active and reactive power when small disturbances occur. Interactions in different control loops can be identified by the reduced order model. We verify the accuracy of the proposed model in APC and DVC timescales by time domain simulations based on MATLAB/Simulink. Case studies show how the control parameters interact with each other in the two timescales.
Penetrating Imaging of Concealed Features in Banknotes with Near-Field Scanning Microwave Microscopy
Authors: Wang Meidi , Liu Haoyun , Huang Pan , Wu Zhe
Published: November 2024

Traditional anti-counterfeiting techniques and methods are inadequate to meet the modern, sophisticated anti-counterfeiting requirement in banknotes. We applied our homemade near-field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM) for penetrating imaging of concealed anti-counterfeiting features in banknotes. This NSMM imaged and characterized several vital concealed anti-counterfeiting features in the banknotes, including the dynamic color-shifting security threads, color-changing denomination numbers, magnetically embedded security threads, and white watermarks. At the same time, with the obstruction of red ink, near-field microwaves still penetrated the medium layer to characterize the detailed information of the security threads successfully. Additionally, the cavity perturbation method was used to obtain the effective permittivity of 3.65 and 3.62 for the windowing security thread and middle-embedded security thread. The thickness of the watermark was calculated to be about 3.3 μm with the calibrated fit method.
Influence of Activated Carbon Granulometry on H2 Purification in Glycerol Reforming Syngas: Adsorption and Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Maceiras Rocio , Feijoo Jorge , Perez-Rial Leticia , Alvarez-Feijoo Miguel A. , Eslami Naser
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the adsorption performance of granular activated carbon (GAC) and pelletized activated carbon (PAC) for the purification of syngas produced from glycerol reforming, focusing on the removal of CO2, CO, and CH4. The adsorption process was studied at two different flow rates (0.5 L/min and 1 L/min) to assess the impact of particle size and gas flow rate on adsorption capacity. The results indicate that GAC exhibits superior multi-gas adsorption, particularly at lower flow rates, effectively capturing CO2, CO, and CH4, while PAC exhibits lower adsorption performance. Kinetic analysis revealed that the pseudo-second-order and Avrami models fit well with both adsorbents, though GAC aligns more closely with the Avrami model, reflecting its multi-step adsorption mechanism and greater pore diffusion efficiency. These findings highlight the importance of adsorbent size and flow rate in optimizing hydrogen purification processes, with GAC emerging as a highly efficient adsorbent for industrial-scale syngas treatment.
Recycling of Silicon-Based Photovoltaic Modules: Mediterranean Region Insight
Authors: Diez-Suarez Ana-María , Martínez-Benavides Marta , Manteca Donado Cristina , Blanes-Peiró Jorge-Juan , Martínez Torres Elia Judith
Published: November 2024

The rapid expansion of photovoltaic (PV) installations across Mediterranean Europe since 2007 has resulted in a substantial increase in the need for end-of-life (EoL) management strategies for monocrystalline PV modules. This paper reviews the technical challenges and opportunities associated with the recycling of PV modules, focusing on the physical, chemical, and thermal processes currently employed. Despite advancements in recycling technology, significant gaps remain in infrastructure and regulatory enforcement, particularly in Mediterranean countries. The recovery of valuable materials such as silicon, silver, and glass presents both economic and environmental benefits, although the costs of recycling remain a key barrier to widespread adoption. Our analysis suggests that optimizing these recycling processes could improve their profitability and scalability, enabling more effective resource recovery. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy and infrastructure development to support the sustainable management of PV waste across the Mediterranean region.
Application of Back-to-Back Hybrid Filter to a Hot Strip Mill with Cycloconverters
Authors: Krause Rafael Cabral Knaip , Antunes Hélio Marcos André
Published: November 2024

In steel mills that employ the hot strip mill process, cycloconverters with nominal power ratings in the megawatt range are commonly used to drive synchronous motors. However, these cycloconverters draw highly distorted currents from the power grid, causing significant voltage distortion at the point of common coupling (PCC) and leading to numerous power quality (PQ) issues. Multi-stage passive filters are widely used to mitigate harmonics in this context. However, this approach can lead to harmonic resonance, exacerbating distortion and overloading the passive filtering system. This study presents a novel integration of a back-to-back hybrid filter, designed specifically for hot strip mills with cycloconverters at a steel mill located in the Metropolitan Area of Vitória, ES, Brazil. The proposed method combines active and passive filtering, where the active filter works in tandem with existing passive elements to compensate for harmonic components while damping resonances across a broad frequency range. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the hybrid filter’s efficacy in harmonic compensation and resonance damping, particularly during load expansion scenarios for the hot strip mill. Results indicate that the back-to-back hybrid filter significantly improves PQ by reducing harmonic overloads on pre-existing passive filter branches, thereby enhancing the reliability of the entire power system. This improvement is achieved with active filters of relatively low-rated capacity compared to the hot strip mill load, making it a cost-effective and scalable solution.
Plastic Pollution: Challenges and Innovative Solutions
Authors: Prata Joana C.
Published: November 2024

Plastic consumption is steadily increasing, resulting in a continuous release of microplastics into the environment [...]
The Antioxidant Property of Membrane Separated Whey Protein and Blueberry Juice Fermented Products After In Vitro Digestion
Authors: Wang Yuxian , Yu Qian , Shao Yufeng , Gu Ruixia , He Zhangwei , Tang Congcong , Wang Wenqiong
Published: November 2024

In this study, different molecular weight cut-off ultrafiltration membranes (100 and 50 kDa) were used to concentrate and separate whey protein and blueberry juice fermented system by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to demonstrate that the mixed fermentation had a protective effect on LAB and antioxidant activity during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The antioxidant activity after gastrointestinal digestion, the survival rate of LAB after membrane filtration, and their ability to reflect ultraviolet light of the membrane concentrated fermented components were investigated. It was found that the ABTS cationic free radical scavenging ability of L. plantarum 67 and L. paracasei W125 fermented group increased by 7.85%, especially after digestion, which increased by 3.17% compared with the unfermented blueberry and whey protein mixed group. The survival rates of L. plantarum 67 and L. paracasei W125 in the blueberry-whey protein mixture were greater than 82.45% after digestion. The ultrafiltration membrane concentration process had little effect on the viability of LAB during 0–50 min. The mixture of L. bulgaricus 134 and S. thermophiles Grx02 fermented blueberry-whey protein showed strong UV reflection at 300 nm, reaching 27.39%. The mixture of L. plantarum 67 and L. paracasei W125 fermented blueberry-whey protein showed strong UV reflection at 335 nm, reaching 34.29%.
Molecular Barcoding Identification of the Invasive Blue Crabs Along Tunisian Coast
Authors: Besbes Nadia , Reale Stefano , Scibetta Silvia , Piazza Carlotta , Lo Monaco Daniela , Di Bella Calogero , Sadok Saloua
Published: November 2024

Crabs are the most widely studied marine crustaceans due to their high economic value, ecological significance, and worldwide range in the subtropics and tropics zones. In this study, we adopted a molecular barcoding approach for rapid identification of blue crab species by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI), which has previously been used for phylogenetic analysis in wide taxonomic groups, and particularly for Crustaceans. The results indicated the evidence of Callinectes sapidus and Portunus pelagicus in different localities along Tunisian coast. Data were confirmed by BLAST analysis (Basic Local Alignment Tool) and phylogenetic trees. The molecular identification showed the ability of the COI region to differentiate between two similar blue crab species, Portunus segnis and Portunus pelagicus, which were confused by morphological analysis. The adoption of this protocol may be useful in revealing the biogeography of these invasive species across Mediterranean and to support the authentication of crab-meat processed products, according to the normative control.
Postharvest Immersion in Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water Improves Guava Storability by Regulating Phenylpropane Metabolism
Authors: Chen Hongbin , Feng Shujuan , Chen Yazhen , Jiang Xuanjing , Lin Yuzhao , Chen Yihui
Published: November 2024

Postharvest guava fruit are at high risk of decay and spoilage, which extremely restrains the further advancement of guava industry in China. Currently, slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) has been shown to be potent in maintaining the storability of fruits and vegetables. Accordingly, this work was designed to figure out the effectiveness of SAEW on storability maintenance in postharvest guavas via regulating the phenylpropane metabolism. On the harvest day, fresh guavas were immersed in distilled water or SAEW (available chlorine concentration: 30 mg L−1) for 10 min, followed by storage for 15 d (25 °C, 80% RH). Results showed that, in comparation with the control guavas, SAEW-treated guavas exhibited lower levels of fruit disease index, malondialdehyde, and cell membrane permeability, while showing higher levels of fruit firmness and commercially acceptable fruit rate, as evidenced by enhanced contents of titratable acid, total soluble solids, vitamin C, total soluble sugar, and reducing sugar. Moreover, SAEW treatment improved the activities of disease-resistance enzymes and the contents of sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and lignin. The above data revealed that SAEW treatment-enhanced storability of guavas was attributed to the increased disease-resistance enzyme activities and disease-resistance substance contents, which improved the fruit disease resistance and slowed down the disease occurrence.