bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skill Sets for Future Hospitality Jobs
Authors: Misra Pankaj
Published: May 2023

Aim: This paper reviews the literature on latest jobs and skills requirement in hospitality industry. The purpose of this paper is to identify the future jobs and requirements of skill set for hospitality industry in the 4th Industrial revolution.

Methodology: Literature were collected from various online and offline resources that related to future job requirements and skill requirements in Tourism and hospitality industry in the 4th Industrial revolution. A Critical analysis of the literature and investigation from different walks of life, namely academics, technological advancement, government, Industry was carried out.

Results: After critically reviewing the literature it was found that trends of jobs are changing due to the intervention of technology. To survive in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry various set of skills are required. New paradigm shift in the hospitality industry is felt. This is the needed time to adjust in line with the technological inventions and be ready to adapt.  Educational institutes should take proper initiatives for development of new sets of skill among their students. In future demands of robotics, artificial intelligence and automatic service are increasing. Employees should be ready with the new technological invention in the industry. 

Conclusion: Higher education institutes will adopt the holistic development of students through adoption of National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) courses along with the arts and humanities for hospitality students. It will definitely help the students for getting new skills.
REPRESENTAÇÃO AUDIOVISUAL DE CLEMENTINA DE JESUS
Authors: Santos Roberval de Jesus Leone dos
Published: May 2023

Este artigo objetiva caracterizar, a partir do audiovisual, a trajetória de vida e artística de Clementina de Jesus OMC (c. 1901-1987), intérprete de canções e ritmos brasileiros, com base no aporte teórico-metodológico da hermenêutica de profundidade (HP), formulada por John Brookshire Thompson.
MOVIMENTO AFROVEGANO:
Authors: Souza Antônio , Hoff Tânia
Published: May 2023

Neste artigo, abordamos as inter-relações entre alimentação, religião e política com o objetivo de analisar os discursos presentes na comunicação antirracista e antiespecista produzida pelo Movimento Afro Vegano (MAV). O afroveganismo tem em seu horizonte os fundamentos da interseccionalidade, que entrelaçam marcadores sociais, raciais, de gênero, de classe entre outros, e concebe que as expêriencias no combate ao racismo podem contribuir com o movimento de combate ao especismo, avançando na luta pela libertação animal. Entretanto, os discursos do MAV são questionados em relação ao sacrifício de animais realizados pelas religiões de matriz africana. Para este estudo, temos a análise de discurso como principal conduta teórico-metodológica. O corpus é formado por dois textos: o Recurso Extraordinário (RE) 494601, do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), relativo ao sacríficio de animais e o texto publicado pelo MAV nas redes sociais, posicionando-se frente ao mencionado RE. O referencial teórico mobiliza, principalmente, autores dos estudos da interseccionalidade e da análise de discurso.
MND1 enables homologous recombination in somatic cells primarily outside the context of replication
Authors: Koob Lisa , Friskes Anoek , van Bergen Louise , Feringa Femke M. , van den Broek Bram , Koeleman Emma S. , van Beek Ellis , Schubert Michael , Blomen Vincent A. , Brummelkamp Thijn R. , Krenning Lenno , Medema René H.
Published: May 2023

Faithful and timely repair of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) is fundamental for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Here, we demonstrate that the meiotic recombination co‐factor MND1 facilitates the repair of DSBs in somatic cells. We show that MND1 localizes to DSBs, where it stimulates DNA repair through homologous recombination (HR). Importantly, MND1 is not involved in the response to replication‐associated DSBs, implying that it is dispensable for HR‐mediated repair of one‐ended DSBs. Instead, we find that MND1 specifically plays a role in the response to two‐ended DSBs that are induced by irradiation (IR) or various chemotherapeutic drugs. Surprisingly, we find that MND1 is specifically active in G2 phase, whereas it only marginally affects repair during S phase. MND1 localization to DSBs is dependent on resection of the DNA ends and seemingly occurs through direct binding of MND1 to RAD51‐coated ssDNA. Importantly, the lack of MND1‐driven HR repair directly potentiates the toxicity of IR‐induced damage, which could open new possibilities for therapeutic intervention, specifically in HR‐proficient tumors.
Tough and Stretchable Phenolic‐Reinforced Double Network Deep Eutectic Solvent gels for Multifunctional Sensors with Environmental Adaptability
Authors: Quan Qi , Fan Chunlin , Pan Nana , Zhu Minghao , Zhang Tao , Wang Zhe , Dong Yue , Wu Yakun , Tang Miao , Zhou Xiaoyan , Chen Minzhi
Published: May 2023

Conductive gels are perfect for various sensor applications due to their inherent stretchability, flexibility, and electrical conductivity. However, their poor environmental adaptability and low fracture toughness restrict their potential applications. In this study, resorcinol‐formaldehyde resin (RF) is used for the first time as a rigid network compounded with a flexible polyacrylic acid (PAA) network to successfully prepare a double network (DN) deep eutectic solvent gel (RF/PAA DN gel). The gel has high stress strength (1.04 MPa), compressive strength (10.63 MPa), and toughness (1.07 MJ m−3). The addition of RF significantly improves the mechanical properties and gives the RF/PAA DN gel certain photothermal effects, swelling resistance, and flame retardancy, broadening the scope of use and application of the gel. Importantly, as a multifunctional sensor, it can combine deformation sensing, temperature sensing, optical sensing, humidity sensing, and underwater sensing into one, with a wide range of stimuli responses and excellent sensing properties. Excellent environmental suitability also allows its use in a wide range of temperatures (−20−90 °C), humidity (55%−90% RH), underwater, and in fire conditions. The work provides new ideas for choosing rigid networks and a novel strategy for developing multifunctional sensors with excellent performance in complex environments.
Size‐Controlled Boron‐Based Bifunctional Photocathodes for High‐Efficiency Photo‐Assisted Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Li Ling , Ma Fuquan , Jia Congying , Li Qi , He Xuexia , Sun Jie , Jiang Ruibin , Lei Zhibin , Liu Zong‐Huai
Published: May 2023

Photo‐assisted Li–O2 batteries are introduced as a promising strategy for reducing severe overpotential by directly employing photocathodes. Herein, a series of size‐controlled single‐element boron photocatalysts are prepared by the meticulous liquid phase thinning methods by combining probe and water bath sonication, and their bifunctional photocathodes in the photo‐assisted Li–O2 batteries are systematically investigated. The boron‐based Li–O2 batteries have shown incremental round‐trip efficiencies as the sized reduction of boron under illumination. It is noteworthy that the completely amorphous boron nanosheets (B4) photocathode not only delivers an optimizing round‐trip efficiency of 190% on the basis of the ultra‐high discharge voltage (3.55 V) and ultra‐low charge voltage (1.87 V) but also gives a high rate performance and ultralong durability with a round‐trip efficiency of 133% after 100 cycles (200 h) compared with the other‐sized boron photocathodes. This remarkable photoelectric performance of the B4 sample can be attracted to the synergistic effect on the suitable semiconductor property, high conductivity, and strengthened catalytic ability of boron nanosheets coated with ultrathin amorphous boron‐oxides overlayer. This research can open a new avenue to facilitate the rapid development of high‐efficiency photo‐assisted Li–O2 batteries.
Toward High Efficiency Water Processed Organic Photovoltaics: Controlling the Nanoparticle Morphology with Surface Energies
Authors: Laval Hugo , Holmes Alexandre , Marcus Matthew A. , Watts Benjamin , Bonfante Gwenaël , Schmutz Marc , Deniau Elise , Szymanski Robin , Lartigau‐Dagron Christine , Xu Xiaoxue , Cairney Julie M. , Hirakawa Kazuhiko , Awai Fumiyasu , Kubo Takaya , Wantz Guillaume , Bousquet Antoine , Holmes Natalie P. , Chambon Sylvain
Published: May 2023

Here efficient organic photovoltaic devices fabricated from water‐based colloidal dispersions with donor:acceptor composite nanoparticles achieving up to 9.98% power conversion efficiency (PCE) are reported. This high efficiency for water processed organic solar cells is attributed to morphology control by surface energy matching between the donor and the acceptor materials. Indeed, due to a low interfacial energy between donor and the acceptor, no large phase separation occurs during the nanoparticle formation process as well as upon thermal annealing. Indeed, synchrotron‐based scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy reveals that the internal morphology of composite nanoparticles is intermixed as well as the active layer morphology after thermal treatment. The PCE of this system reaches 85% that of devices prepared from chlorinated solvent. The gap between water‐based inks and organic solvent‐based inks gets narrower, which is promising for the development of eco‐friendly processing and fabrication of organic photovoltaics.
In Situ Built Nanoconfined TiO2 Particles in Robust‐Flexible MXene@rGO Conductive Framework Enabling High‐Performance Hybrid Magnesium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Guo Miao , Yuan Chongyang , Xu Tian , Zhong Shulin , Wang Wenbin , Zou Tongxin , Zhang Tengfei , Yu Xuebin
Published: May 2023

The exploration of new and efficient sulfur cathodes through nanostructured materials design is vital for the development of high‐performance metal–sulfur batteries, which is a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage systems. However, the shuttle behavior and sluggish reaction kinetics of polysulfides hinder the application of sulfur cathodes. Herein, a 3D MXene/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite conductive framework with superior specific surface area, structural stability, and ionic/electronic conductivity is constructed. On this basis, the TiO2 nanoparticles, in situ grown in the interlayer between MXene and rGO can be used as adsorptive and catalytic active site for polysulfides to accelerate the electrochemical reaction kinetics and alleviate the shuttle effect, thereby improving cycle stability. Consequently, the sulfur‐loaded MXene‐TiO2@rGO composite electrodes present a high reversible capacity of 1052.0 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C after 200 cycles, favorable high‐rate capability, and splendid long‐term performance, retaining 445.6 mAh g−1 capacity after 1000 cycles at 2 C in hybrid Mg/Li–S batteries. This work provides a new insight for using MXene as the sulfur host with high performance for metal–sulfur batteries.
Solvent‐Free Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Polyesters to Diols
Authors: Mi Rongli , Zeng Lingzhen , Wang Maolin , Tian Shuheng , Yan Jie , Yu Shixiang , Wang Meng , Ma Ding
Published: May 2023

The utilization of carbon resources stored in plastic polymers through chemical recycling and upcycling is a promising approach for mitigating plastic waste. However, most current methods for upcycling suffer from limited selectivity towards a specific valuable product, particularly when attempting full conversion of the plastic. We present a highly selective reaction route for transforming polylactic acid (PLA) into 1,2‐propanediol utilizing a Zn‐modified Cu catalyst. This reaction exhibits excellent reactivity (0.65 g gcat−1 h−1) and selectivity (99.5 %) towards 1,2‐propanediol, and most importantly, can be performed in a solvent‐free mode. Significantly, the overall solvent‐free reaction is an atom‐economical reaction with all the atoms in reactants (PLA and H2) fixed into the final product (1,2‐propanediol), eliminating the need for a separation process. This method provides an innovative and economically viable solution for upgrading polyesters to produce high‐purity products under mild conditions with optimal atom utilization.
T‐shaped Ni0 Systems Featuring Cationic Tetrylenes: Direct Observation of L/Z‐type Ligand Duality, and Alkene Hydrogenation Catalysis
Authors: Schulz Annika , Kalkuhl Till L. , Keil Philip M. , Hadlington Terrance J.
Published: May 2023

We report a facile synthetic method for accessing rare T‐shaped Ni0 species, stabilised by low‐coordinate cationic germylene and stannylene ligands which behave as Z‐type ligands toward Ni0. An in‐depth computational analysis indicates significant Nid→Ep donation (E=Ge, Sn), with essentially no E→Ni donation. The tetrylene ligand's Lewis acidity can be modulated in situ through the addition of a donor ligand, which selectively binds at the Lewis acidic tetrylene site. This switches this binding centre from a Z‐type to a classical L‐type ligand, with a concomitant geometry switch at Ni0 from T‐shaped to trigonal planar. Exploring the effects of this geometry switch in catalysis, isolated T‐shaped complexes 3 a–c and 4 a–c are capable of the hydrogenation of alkenes under mild conditions, whilst the closely related trigonal planar and tetrahedral Ni0 complexes 5, D, and E, which feature L‐type chloro‐ or cationic‐tetrylene ligands, are inactive under these conditions. Further, addition of small amounts of N‐bases to the catalytic systems involving T‐shaped complexes significantly reduces turnover rates, giving evidence for the in situ modulation of ligand electronics for catalytic switching.
Controlled Genetic Encoding of Unnatural Amino Acids in a Protein Nanopore
Authors: Wu Xue‐Yuan , Li Meng‐Yin , Yang Shao‐Jun , Jiang Jie , Ying Yi‐Lun , Chen Peng R. , Long Yi‐Tao
Published: May 2023

Conventional protein engineering methods for modifying protein nanopores are typically limited to 20 natural amino acids, which restrict the diversity of the nanopores in structure and function. To enrich the chemical environment inside the nanopore, we employed the genetic code expansion (GCE) technique to site‐specifically incorporate the unnatural amino acid (UAA) into the sensing region of aerolysin nanopores. This approach leveraged the efficient pyrrolysine‐based aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase‐tRNA pair for a high yield of pore‐forming protein. Both molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and single‐molecule sensing experiments demonstrated that the conformation of UAA residues provided a favorable geometric orientation for the interactions of target molecules and the pore. This rationally designed chemical environment enabled the direct discrimination of multiple peptides containing hydrophobic amino acids. Our work provides a new framework for endowing nanopores with unique sensing properties that are difficult to achieve using classical protein engineering approaches.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,2‐Benzothiazine 1‐Imines via RuII/Chiral Carboxylic Acid‐Catalyzed C−H Alkylation/Cyclization
Authors: Huang Long‐Tao , Kitakawa Yuta , Yamada Kodai , Kamiyama Futa , Kojima Masahiro , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Matsunaga Shigeki
Published: May 2023

Sulfondiimines are diaza‐analogues of sulfones with a chiral sulfur center. Compared to sulfones and sulfoximines, their synthesis and transformations have so far been studied to a lesser extent. Here, we report the enantioselective synthesis of 1,2‐benzothiazine 1‐imines, i.e., cyclic sulfondiimine derivatives from sulfondiimines and sulfoxonium ylides via C−H alkylation/cyclization reactions. The combination of [Ru(p‐cymene)Cl2]2 and a newly developed chiral spiro carboxylic acid is key to achieving high enantioselectivity.
Efficacy and Safety of the TYK2/JAK1 Inhibitor Brepocitinib for Active Psoriatic Arthritis: A Phase IIb Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mease Philip , Helliwell Philip , Silwinska‐Stanczyk Paula , Miakisz Malgorzata , Ostor Andrew , Peeva Elena , Vincent Michael S. , Sun Qiankun , Sikirica Vanja , Winnette Randall , Qiu Ruolun , Li Gang , Feng Gang , Beebe Jean S. , Martin David A.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Brepocitinib is a TYK2/JAK1 inhibitor in development for the treatment of several immunologic diseases. The efficacy and safety of oral brepocitinib were assessed in participants with moderately‐to‐severely active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) for up to 52 weeks.

Methods

In this placebo‐controlled, dose‐ranging, phase IIb study, participants were randomized to receive 10 mg, 30 mg, or 60 mg of brepocitinib once daily or placebo, advancing to 30 mg or 60 mg of brepocitinib once daily at week 16. The primary endpoint was the response rate according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria for 20% improvement (ACR20) in disease activity at week 16. Secondary endpoints included response rates according to the ACR50/ACR70 response criteria, 75% and 90% improvement in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI75/PASI90) score, and minimal disease activity (MDA) at weeks 16 and 52. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study.

Results

Overall, 218 participants were randomized and treated. At week 16, the brepocitinib 30 mg and 60 mg once daily groups had significantly greater ACR20 response rates (66.7% [P = 0.0197] and 74.6% [P = 0.0006], respectively), versus the placebo group (43.3%), and significantly higher ACR50/ACR70, PASI75/PASI90, and MDA response rates. Response rates were maintained or improved through week 52. Adverse events were mostly mild/moderate; serious adverse events (15) in 12 participants (5.5%) included infections in 6 participants (2.8%) in the brepocitinib 30 mg and 60 mg once daily groups. No major adverse cardiovascular events or deaths occurred.

Conclusion

Treatment with brepocitinib at dosages of 30 mg and 60 mg once daily was superior to placebo at reducing signs and symptoms of PsA. Brepocitinib was generally well tolerated throughout the 52‐week study, with a safety profile consistent with those found in other brepocitinib clinical trials.
Collaborative museum heist with reinforcement learning
Authors: Evripidou Eleni , Aristidou Andreas , Charalambous Panayiotis
Published: May 2023

Non‐playable characters (NPCs) play a crucial role in enhancing immersion in video games. However, traditional NPC behaviors are often hard‐coded using methods such as Finite State Machines, Decision and Behavior trees. This has a few limitations; namely, it is quite difficult to implement complex cooperative behaviors and secondly this makes it easy for human players to identify and exploit patterns in behavior. To overcome these challenges, Reinforcement learning (RL) can be used to generate dynamic and real‐time NPC responses to human player actions. In this paper, we report on first results of applying RL techniques to a Non‐Zero Sum, adversarial asymmetric game, using a multi‐agent team. The game environment simulates a museum heist, where the objective of the successfully trained team of robbers with different skills (Locksmith, Technician) is to steal valuable items from the museum without being detected by the scripted security guards and cameras. Both agents were trained concurrently with separate policies and received both individual and group reward signals. Through this training process, the agents learned to cooperate effectively and use their skills to maximize both individual and team benefits. These results demonstrate the feasibility of realizing the full game where both robbers and security guards are trained at the same time to achieve their adversarial goals.
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (NDGA) Inhibits CsgA Polymerization, Bacterial Amyloid Biogenesis, and Biofilm Formation
Authors: Visser Joshua A. , Yager Deborah , Chambers Schuyler A. , Lim Ji Youn , Cao Xujun , Cegelski Lynette
Published: May 2023

Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae thrive in robust biofilm communities through the coproduction of curli amyloid fibers and phosphoethanolamine cellulose. Curli promote adhesion to abiotic surfaces and plant and human host tissues and are associated with pathogenesis in urinary tract infection and food‐borne illness. The production of curli in the host has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. We report that the natural product nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is effective as a curlicide in E. coli. NDGA prevents CsgA polymerization in vitro in a dose‐dependent manner. NDGA selectively inhibits cell‐associated curli assembly and inhibits uropathogenic E. coli biofilm formation. More broadly, this work emphasizes the ability to evaluate and identify bioactive amyloid assembly inhibitors by using the powerful gene‐directed amyloid biogenesis machinery in E. coli.
Boronic Acid Moieties Stabilize Adhesion of Microalgal Biofilms on Glassy Substrates: A Chemical Tool for Environmental Applications
Authors: Vona Danilo , Cicco Stefania Roberta , Labarile Rossella , Flemma Annarita , Garcia Cesar Vicente , Giangregorio Maria Michela , Cotugno Pietro , Ragni Roberta
Published: May 2023

Photosynthetic organisms such as diatoms microalgae provide innovative routes to eco‐friendly technologies for environmental pollution bioremediation. Living diatoms are capable to incorporate in vivo a wide variety of chemical species dispersed in seawater, thus being promising candidates for eco‐friendly removal of toxic contaminants. However, their exploitation requires immobilization methods that allow to confine microalgae during water treatment. Here we demonstrate that a biofilm of Phaeodactylum tricornutum diatom cells grown on the surface of a glassy substrate bearing boronic acid protruding moieties is stably anchored to the substrate resisting mechanical stress and it is suitable for removal of up to 80 % metal ions (As, Cr, Cu, Zn, Sn, Pb, Sb) in a model polluted water sample. Control experiments also suggest that stabilization of the biofilm adhesion occurs by interaction of boronic acid surface groups of the substrate with the hydroxyl groups of diatoms extracellular polysaccharides.
Design of Cu‐Substituted O3‐Type NaFe0.5Mn0.5O2 Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Jia‐Lin , Wu Lin‐Rong , Zhang Hai‐Xia , Wang Hao‐Rui , Zhang Ding , Duan Xiao‐Chuan
Published: May 2023

O3‐type Fe/Mn‐based layered oxide cathode materials with abundant reserves have a promising prospect in sodium‐ion batteries. However, the electrochemical reversibility of most O3‐type Fe/Mn‐based oxide cathode materials is still not high enough. Herein, the effect of different Cu contents on the electrochemical properties of O3‐NaFe0.50Mn0.50O2 materials is systematically investigated. The as‐prepared NaFe0.30Mn0.50Cu0.20O2 cathode achieves the synergistic optimization of the interface and bulk phase. It shows superior electrochemical performance, with an initial discharge specific capacity of 114 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, a capacity retention rate of 94 % after 100 cycles at 0.5 C, and excellent chemical stability in air and water. In addition, the sodium ion full battery based on NaFe0.30Mn0.50Cu0.20O2 cathode and hard carbon anode has a capacity retention rate of 81 % after 100 cycles. This research provides a useful approach for the preparation of low‐cost and high‐performance O3‐type layered cathode materials.
An efficient and secure key management with the extended convolutional neural network for intrusion detection in cloud storage
Authors: Ahmad Shahnawaz , Mehfuz Shabana , Beg Javed
Published: May 2023

Cloud computing aids users for storing and recovering their information everywhere in the world. Security and efficiency are the two main issues in cloud service. Numerous intrusion detection techniques for the cloud computing environment were proposed, but those techniques do not effectively and accurately detect the attacks. Hence, an efficient and secure key management using extended convolutional neural network, that is, hybrid Enhanced Elman Spike convolutional Neural Network optimized with improved COOT optimization algorithm (Hyb EESCCNN) is proposed for intrusion detection in cloud system. Furthermore, the novel Adaptive Tangent Brakerski‐Gentry Vaikuntanathan Homomorphic Encryption (ATBGVHE) method is proposed for providing the security of the system. At first, SHA‐512 is used for authenticating cloud users to store its own information in to the cloud server. Then for Intrusion Detection (ID) the input data from the NSL‐KDD, UNSWNB15, CICIDS2018, and ToN‐IoT datasets are pre‐processed. The most relevant features are extracted using Fast Independent Component Analysis (Fast ICA) from the pre‐processed output. These extracted data are classified into malicious and non‐malicious data using Hyb EESCCNN. After classification, the non‐malicious data is secured using an ATBGVHE technique. The outcomes of the proposed methods shows that the NSL‐KDD datasets attains 99.9% higher accuracy, UNSW‐NB15 datasets offer 99.89% higher accuracy, CSE‐CIC‐IDS2018 datasets attains 99.8% higher accuracy, ToN‐IoT datasets attains 99.8% higher accuracy and 0.02 s lower encryption time compared with existing methods. Finally, case study with real time applications is also analyzed to prove the efficiency of the proposed method.
Emerging imaging and liquid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gill Alexander J. , Schorr Emily M. , Gadani Sachin P. , Calabresi Peter A.
Published: May 2023

The advent of highly effective disease modifying therapy has transformed the landscape of multiple sclerosis (MS) care over the last two decades. However, there remains a critical, unmet need for sensitive and specific biomarkers to aid in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment monitoring, and the development of new interventions, particularly for people with progressive disease. This review evaluates the current data for several emerging imaging and liquid biomarkers in people with MS. MRI findings such as the central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions may improve MS diagnostic accuracy and evaluation of therapy efficacy in progressive disease. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of several neuroglial proteins, such as neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein, show potential to be sensitive biomarkers of pathologic processes such as neuro‐axonal injury or glial‐inflammation. Additional promising biomarkers, including optical coherence tomography, cytokines and chemokines, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles/exosomes, are also reviewed, among others. Beyond their potential integration into MS clinical care and interventional trials, several of these biomarkers may be informative of MS pathogenesis and help elucidate novel targets for treatment strategies.
Salting‐out extraction of recombinant κ‐carrageenase and phage T7 released fromEscherichia colicells
Authors: Chen Da , Dong Yue‐Sheng , Bao Yong‐Ming , Xiu Zhi‐Long
Published: May 2023

Traditional technology of cell disruption has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the industrialization of genetic engineering products due to its high cost and low efficiency. In this study, a novel bioprocess of phage lysis coupled with salting‐out extraction (SOE) was evaluated. The lysis effect of T7 phage on genetically engineeredEscherichia coliexpressing κ‐carrageenase was investigated at different multiplicity of infection (MOI), meanwhile the phage and enzyme released into the lysate were separated by SOE. It was found that T7 phage could lyse 99.9% of host cells at MOI = 1 and release more than 90.0% of enzyme within 90 min. After phage lysis, 87.1% of T7 phage and 71.2% of κ‐carrageenase could be distributed at the middle phase and the bottom phase, respectively, in the SOE system composed of 16% ammonium sulfate and 20% ethyl acetate (w/w). Furthermore, κ‐carrageenase in the bottom phase could be salted out by ammonium sulfate with a yield of 40.1%. Phage lysis exhibits some advantages, such as mild operation conditions and low cost. While SOE can efficiently separate phage and intracellular products. Therefore, phage lysis coupled with SOE is expected to become a viable alternative to the classical cell disruption and intracellular product recovery.
Cooperative caching strategy based mobile vehicle social‐aware in internet of vehicles
Authors: Kan Chaonan , Wu Honghai , Xing Ling , Ma Huahong
Published: May 2023

The dramatic growth of smart in‐vehicle applications in the Internet of Vehicles and the increasing quality of experience for vehicle users have put a huge traffic load on the mobile core network. Mobile edge caching has been proposed to place content at the edge of the network to serve users in close proximity to them. However, the dynamic topology of existing edge networks and the inherent storage limitations of edge devices pose a serious challenge to vehicular edge caching. Therefore, in this article, we propose a cooperative caching strategy based on mobile prediction and social awareness that allows collaborative content decision making among edge devices. Specifically, the long short‐term memory network is used to predict vehicle trajectories, social relationships are computed using content similarity and contact rates among vehicle users to select vehicles that can serve as caching nodes, and deep reinforcement learning is employed to achieve the final caching decision. Simulation results show that the caching strategy proposed in this article achieves up to 7.7%, 24.2%, and 27.3% gains, respectively, in terms of content acquirement delay compared to the reinforcement learning algorithm, the algorithm without considering mobility, and the non‐cooperative algorithm.
Evolution and major changes of the diagnosis and treatment protocol for COVID‐19 patients in China 2020–2023
Authors: Wu You , Feng Xiaoru , Gong Mengchun , Han Jinming , Jiao Yuanshi , Li Shenglong , Li Tong , Shen Chen , Wang Huai‐Yu , Yu Xinyu , Zhang Zeyu , Zhang Zhengdong , Zhao Yuanfei , Zhou Peng , Wang Haibo , Zhang Zongjiu
Published: May 2023

Since the identification of the first case of pneumonia of unknown cause in 2019, the COVID‐19 pandemic has spread the globe for over 3 years. As the most populous country in the world, China's disease prevention policies and response plans concern the health of the country's 1.4 billion people and beyond. During the course of the pandemic, scientific research has been accumulated and given evidence‐based support to the official guidance of COVID‐19 management. The National Health Commission of China have compiled, published, and updated a total of 10 versions of the “Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID‐19 Patients” to better inform clinical practitioners and staff to effectively screen, diagnose, manage, treat, and care for cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. This paper compares and summarizes each version of the protocol in terms of etiology and epidemiology, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, treatment and nursing, disease control and management, presenting detailed changes, additions, deletions, and refinement of the protocols.
Musculoskeletal pain among teleworkers: Frequency and associated factors
Authors: Fiorini Luke Anthony
Published: May 2023

Teleworking, also known as remote working, has become the new norm for many workers since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Studies show that during this time, the incidence of musculoskeletal pain is increasing among these workers. Despite this, few studies have addressed the possible correlates of musculoskeletal paśin in teleworkers, with several potential predictors receiving little or no attention in published studies. With this in mind, an online survey was conducted among organizations in the IT and communications sectors in Malta. Information was collected from 459 teleworkers on the frequency of telework, frequency of work during nonworking hours, exercise frequency, burnout, and ergonomic arrangements. Demographic data were also collected. Results revealed that 55.8% reported one or more musculoskeletal pain. Back pain was the most common, followed by neck and shoulder pain. The presence of pain, the number of painful body areas, and the presence of back, neck, and shoulder pain were each individually associated with work during nonworking hours, lower levels of exercise, and higher levels of burnout. It is argued that musculoskeletal pain appears to be common among teleworkers and may negatively impact the quality of life and organizational performance. Companies and occupational health practitioners should strive to identify the prevalence of these problems among their teleworkers, develop appropriate preventive measures, and support workers to obtain multidisciplinary care when needed.
Investigating the factors proposed in oral lichen planus malignant transformation: A literature review
Authors: Agha‐Hosseini Farzaneh , Moosavi Mahdieh‐Sadat , Ghaffarpour Mahdieh
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects about 1% of the world's population. The World Health Organization has included oral lichen planus among potentially malignant disorders. Identification of reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of malignant transformation may play a unique role in the development of standard screening and improvement of follow‐up in patients with oral precancerous lesions. It is currently assumed that the molecular pathways controlling growth, maturation, proliferation, and apoptosis in epithelial cells may play an important role in the process of transformation into malignancy.

Methods

The search was done in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane databases from 1960 to 2022.

Results

Based on the inclusion criteria, 23 articles were included.

Conclusion

In this review of articles, 34 different biomarkers that have been investigated in studies for the possibility of malignant transformation in OLP have been studied. Among all the risk factors related to malignant transformation, most studies have been done on the role of cytokines and tumor suppressors, in fact, the chronicity of the lesion which is the result of the reaction between the repair and the inflammatory response and the responses accompanied by the secretion of cytokines, may play a major role in the malignant transformation of OLP.
Association Between Combat‐Related Traumatic Injury and Skeletal Health: Bone Mineral Density Loss Is Localized and Correlates With Altered Loading in Amputees: the Armed Services Trauma Rehabilitation Outcome (ADVANCE) Study
Authors: McMenemy Louise , Behan Fearghal P. , Kaufmann Josh , Cain David , Bennett Alexander N. , Boos Christopher J. , Fear Nicola T. , Cullinan Paul , Bull Anthony M.J. , Phillips Andrew T.M. , McGregor Alison H.
Published: May 2023

The association between combat‐related traumatic injury (CRTI) and bone health is uncertain. A disproportionate number of lower limb amputees from the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts are diagnosed with osteopenia/osteoporosis, increasing lifetime risk of fragility fracture and challenging traditional osteoporosis treatment paradigms. The aim of this study is to test the hypotheses that CRTI results in a systemic reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) and that active traumatic lower limb amputees have localized BMD reduction, which is more prominent with higher level amputations. This is a cross‐sectional analysis of the first phase of a cohort study comprising 575 male adult UK military personnel with CRTI (UK‐Afghanistan War 2003 to 2014; including 153 lower limb amputees) who were frequency‐matched to 562 uninjured men by age, service, rank, regiment, deployment period, and role‐in‐theatre. BMD was assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning of the hips and lumbar spine. Femoral neck BMD was lower in the CRTI than the uninjured group (T‐score −0.08 versus −0.42 p = .000). Subgroup analysis revealed this reduction was significant only at the femoral neck of the amputated limb of amputees (p = 0.000), where the reduction was greater for above knee amputees than below knee amputees (p < 0.001). There were no differences in spine BMD or activity levels between amputees and controls. Changes in bone health in CRTI appear to be mechanically driven rather than systemic and are only evident in those with lower limb amputation. This may arise from altered joint and muscle loading creating a reduced mechanical stimulus to the femur resulting in localized unloading osteopenia. This suggests that interventions to stimulate bone may provide an effective management strategy. © 2023 Crown copyright and The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the King's Printer for Scotland.
Large volume plasmapheresis using a single‐use immunoadsorption column: A cost‐effective approach for desensitization in ABO‐incompatible liver transplant
Authors: Agarwal Sarika , Maheshwari Ashish , Bajpai Meenu
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Liver transplant is a life‐saving treatment, but due to the limited availability of suitable liver donors, ABO‐incompatible liver transplants (ABOi‐LT) are conducted to increase the availability of liver donors. Perioperative desensitization for ABOi‐LT is an established strategy to circumvent the risk of graft rejection. A single prolonged session can be performed to achieve the desired titers to avoid using multiple immunoadsorption (IA) columns or off‐label reuse of single‐use columns. This study retrospectively assessed the effectiveness of a single prolonged plasmapheresis session using IA as a desensitization strategy in live donor liver transplant (LDLT).

Materials and methods

This retrospective observational study conducted at a center for liver diseases in North India on six ABOi‐LDLT patients who underwent single prolonged IA sessions in the perioperative period from January 2018 to June 2021.

Results

Median baseline titer in patients was 320 (64, 1024). The median plasma volume adsorbed was 7.5 volumes (4, 8) per procedure, with a mean procedure time of 600 min (310‐753). The reduction in titer ranged from 4 log to 7 log reduction per procedure. Two patients developed transient hypotension during the procedure, which was managed successfully. The median duration of pre‐transplant hospital stay was 1.5 days (1, 3).

Conclusion

Desensitization therapy helps overcome the ABO barrier and decreases the waiting period before a transplant when ABO identical donors are unavailable. A single prolonged IA session reduces the cost of additional IA columns and hospital stay, thus making it a cost‐effective approach to desensitization.
Enhanced removal of Sb(V) by iron‐spent bleaching earth carbon binary micro‐electrolysis system: performance and mechanism
Authors: Wan Dongjin , Wan Heyu , Shi Yahui , Jin Jingnan , Zhang Zhixiang , Lu Junjie
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

In this work, the construction of a zero‐valent iron‐loaded spent bleaching earth carbon binary micro‐electrolysis system (Fe0/SBE@C) was first developed for antimony(V) (Sb(V)) removal in water.

RESULTS

Fe0/SBE@C at 4:1 Fe‐to‐SBE@C mass ratio can obtain satisfactory Sb(V) removal and less Fe dissolution under acid (pH 3) and neutral (pH 7) conditions. Sb(V) removal by Fe0/SBE@C accorded with a second‐order kinetic model. Activation energy of Fe0/SBE@C reaction for Sb(V) removal was 27.61 kJ mol−1. Optimal reaction conditions forecasted by the response surface method (RSM) was a dosage of 0.19 g L−1, a temperature of 45 °C and initial pH of 4.0, contributing to Sb(V) removal of 98.2%. Clearly, SO42− and Cl− (as electrolytes) had no obvious effect on Sb(V) removal; CO32−, PO43− and SiO32− showed obvious inhibition, likely due to iron passivation (pH > 10.5) and formation of precipitation (e.g., FeCO3, Fe(OH)2 and Fe2(SiO3)3); N2 atmosphere was more conducive to Sb(V) removal.

CONCLUSION

Sb(III) concentration in the solution was almost zero without adjusting the initial pH. It was deduced that Sb(V) removal in Fe0/SBE@C micro‐electrolysis system was probably the combined result of adsorption, coagulation and electrochemical reduction. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Pink tasks: Feminists and their preferences for premium beauty products
Authors: Harrold Mycah L. , Miller Chadwick J. , Perkins Andrew W.
Published: May 2023

Consumers of different genders often have different consumption habits, especially pertaining to routine, daily practices. Anecdotal evidence, as well as scholarly research, suggests that feminists may experience conflicting pressures surrounding consumption associated with a feminine identity—such as applying make‐up, shaving one's legs, keeping fingernails manicured, and styling one's hair. We investigate how consumption experiences surrounding beauty work differ for feminists and nonfeminists. Employing a variety of methods—including online experiments (Studies 1 and 4), secondary data (Study 2), and a behavioral study (Study 3)—we demonstrate that feminists report higher preferences for premium beauty products than nonfeminists. Feminists’ preferences stem from associating beauty work with feelings of empowerment or, more specifically, self‐determination. We discuss implications for our work and conclude with a call for additional research examining how consumers experience consumption dictated by social standards and expectations rather than individual choice.
Self‐Assembly and In Situ Quaternization of Triblock Bottlebrush Block Copolymers via Organized Spontaneous Emulsification for Effective Loading of DNA
Authors: Wang Zhaoxu , Liu Qiujun , Liu Qian , Qi Hao , Li Yuesheng , Song Dong‐Po
Published: May 2023

Microspheres bearing large pores are useful in the capture and separation of biomolecules. However, pore size is typically poorly controlled, leading to disordered porous structures with limited performances. Herein, ordered porous spheres with a layer of cations on the internal surface of the nanopores are facilely fabricated in a single step for effective loading of DNA bearing negative charges. Triblock bottlebrush copolymers (BBCPs), (polynorbornene‐g‐polystyrene)‐b‐(polynorbornene‐g‐polyethylene oxide)‐b‐(polynorbornene‐g‐bromoethane) (PNPS‐b‐PNPEO‐b‐PNBr), are designed and synthesized for fabrication of the positively charged porous spheres through self‐assembly and in situ quaternization during an organized spontaneous emulsification (OSE) process. Pore diameter as well as charge density increase with the increase of PNBr content, resulting in a significant increase of loading density from 4.79 to 22.5 ng µg−1 within the spheres. This work provides a general strategy for efficient loading and encapsulation of DNA, which may be extended to a variety of different areas for different real applications.
A Phase 1B Trial in GBA1‐Associated Parkinson's Disease of BIA‐28‐6156, a Glucocerebrosidase Activator
Authors: den Heijer Jonas M. , Kruithof Annelieke C. , Moerland Matthijs , Walker Mike , Dudgeon Lindsay , Justman Craig , Solomini Imelda , Splitalny Leslie , Leymarie Nancy , Khatri Kshitij , Cullen Valerie C. , Hilt Dana C. , Groeneveld Geert Jan , Lansbury Peter
Published: May 2023

Background

Loss‐of‐function mutations in the GBA1 gene are one of the most common genetic risk factors for onset of Parkinson's disease and subsequent progression (GBA‐PD). GBA1 encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), a promising target for a possible first disease‐modifying therapy. LTI‐291 is an allosteric activator of GCase, which increases the activity of normal and mutant forms of GCase.

Objectives

This first‐in‐patient study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of 28 daily doses of LTI‐291 in GBA‐PD.

Methods

This was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in 40 GBA‐PD participants. Twenty‐eight consecutive daily doses of 10, 30, or 60 mg of LTI‐291 or placebo were administered (n = 10 per treatment allocation). Glycosphingolipid (glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide) levels were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and a test battery of neurocognitive tasks, the Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and the Mini‐Mental State Exam, were performed.

Results

LTI‐291 was generally well tolerated, no deaths or treatment‐related serious adverse events occurred, and no participants withdrew due to adverse events. Cmax, and AUC0–6 of LTI‐291 increased in a dose‐proportional manner, with free CSF concentrations equal to the free fraction in plasma. A treatment‐related transient increase in intracellular glucosylceramide (GluCer) in PBMCs was measured.

Conclusion

These first‐in‐patient studies demonstrated that LTI‐291 was well tolerated when administered orally for 28 consecutive days to patients with GBA‐PD. Plasma and CSF concentrations that are considered pharmacologically active were reached (ie, sufficient to at least double GCase activity). Intracellular GluCer elevations were detected. Clinical benefit will be assessed in a larger long‐term trial in GBA‐PD. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Discontinuous control in problem of disturbance reduction for a linear dynamical system
Authors: Maksimov Vyacheslav I.
Published: May 2023

In the paper, we study the problem of active reduction of the influence of a disturbance on the output of a linear controlled system. The problem is investigated on infinite time intervals. We consider a system of linear differential equations under the action of an unknown disturbance and a control to be formed. Our goal is to design an algorithm for reducing the disturbance by means of an appropriate control on the basis of inaccurate measurements of all (or a part of) phase coordinates of the system. This algorithm should form a feedback control that would guarantee that the trajectory of the given system and the velocity of its changing track the trajectory and the velocity of its changing of some reference system. We present two algorithms for solving this problem. These algorithms forming piece‐wise constant controls are based on the combination of constructions of the theory of dynamical inversion and the theory of feedback control. They are stable with respect to informational noises and computational errors.
Construction of a competency index system for shift nurses in China: A Delphi study
Authors: Liu Jiao , Qiu Huifang , Zhang Xiaohong , He Fang
Published: May 2023

Aim

This study developed a set of competency evaluation indicators for shift work nurses in China.

Background

Nurses on night shifts must deal with the treatment, nursing, and management work, which requires excellent competency of night shift nurses in their knowledge, skills, and ability. However, the competency evaluation index system for shift work nurses has not been established yet in China.

Methods

This study performed a literature review and semi‐structured interviews to draft the preliminary competency evaluation indicators for nursing shift work. The Delphi technique was adopted to administer two rounds of questionnaires on 21 nursing experts.

Results

The positive coefficients of experts in the two rounds were 100% and 90.48%, respectively, whereas the authority coefficients were 0.974 and 0.971, respectively. The coefficients of variation were 0.00–0.26 and 0.00–0.16, respectively. The competency evaluation index system for shift work nurses consisted of 2 first‐level indicators, 16 second‐level indicators, and 67 third‐level indicators.

Conclusion

The competency index system of shift work nurses is scientific and applicable.

Implications for Nursing Management

The competency evaluation index system of shift work nurses would provide an effective practical framework for shift nursing administration to evaluate, train, and assess the competency of shift work nurses.