bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planetary urbanization in ruins: Provisional theory and Ireland’s crisis
Authors: O’Callaghan Cian
Published: December 2017

Brenner and Schmid’s planetary urbanization thesis has been a tipping point in recent debates regarding the conceptual directions of urban studies. Various interventions have raised questions about whether urban theories and concepts can, and indeed whether they should, be transferrable across diverse contexts, and which processes count as constitutive rather than merely the outcome of urbanization. While planetary urbanization opens up new questions for urban theory, critics have highlighted the problematic ways in which the epistemology may close off difference. In this paper, I argue for the need to take a provisional approach to urban theory, particularly in conceptualizing post-crisis urban transformations. Firstly, I put recent theories of planetary urbanization into dialogue with what I call provisional approaches to reflect on the relationship between theory and empirical context in addressing post-crisis urbanization and urban politics. I then argue that urban ruins offer a useful lens to consider these questions because of how theories of ruination emphasize the importance of place in the production of space. The ruin, unlike other forms of abstract space, is intrinsically dependent on local social and historical context in which it was produced. Following this, I draw on an analysis and discussion of ‘ghost estates’ and contestations over the reuse of vacant spaces in the period following Ireland’s crisis to illustrate how difference is generative of post-crisis urbanization and urban politics.
‘The importance of planning for the future’: Burden and unmet needs of caregivers’ in advanced heart failure: A mixed methods study
Authors: McIlfatrick Sonja , Doherty Leanne C , Murphy Mary , Dixon Lana , Donnelly Patrick , McDonald Kenneth , Fitzsimons Donna
Published: December 2017

Background:

While studies have evaluated caregiver outcomes in heart failure, the burden and support needs when caring for someone with advanced heart failure at the end of life have yet to be outlined.

Aim:

To identify psychosocial factors associated with caregiver burden and evaluate the support needs of caregivers in advanced heart failure.

Design:

A sequential mixed methods study comprising two phases: (1) postal survey with advanced heart failure patients and their caregivers and (2) interviews with current and bereaved caregivers. Correlation, chi-square, t test, regression and thematic analysis were undertaken on the data.

Participants:

Advanced heart failure patients ( n = 112) and their caregivers ( n = 84) were recruited from secondary care settings across the United Kingdom and Ireland. For phase 2 interviews, current caregivers ( n = 20) were purposively recruited from phase 1, and bereaved caregivers ( n = 10) were purposively recruited via voluntary organisation, social media and email.

Results:

More than half the caregivers (53%) had levels of distress associated with depression (Zarit Burden score >24). Caregiver depression score, preparedness for caregiving and patients’ depression score predicted caregiver burden. Qualitative analysis identified an overarching theme of lack of future care planning and four subthemes: (1) seeking emotional support from someone who understands, (2) want information on prognostication, (3) lack of knowledge on how to and where to get support and (4) require knowledge on what to expect at the end of life.

Conclusion:

Caregivers have unmet needs and feel unprepared for the future. Implementation of future care planning by clinical teams should address patient and caregiver support needs and in turn alleviate caregiver burden.
Directional Limits on Motion Transparency Assessed Through Colour-Motion Binding
Authors: Maloney Ryan T. , Clifford Colin W. G. , Mareschal Isabelle
Published: December 2017

Motion-defined transparency is the perception of two or more distinct moving surfaces at the same retinal location. We explored the limits of motion transparency using superimposed surfaces of randomly positioned dots defined by differences in motion direction and colour. In one experiment, dots were red or green and we varied the proportion of dots of a single colour that moved in a single direction (‘colour-motion coherence’) and measured the threshold direction difference for discriminating between two directions. When colour-motion coherences were high (e.g., 90% of red dots moving in one direction), a smaller direction difference was required to correctly bind colour with direction than at low coherences. In another experiment, we varied the direction difference between the surfaces and measured the threshold colour-motion coherence required to discriminate between them. Generally, colour-motion coherence thresholds decreased with increasing direction differences, stabilising at direction differences around 45°. Different stimulus durations were compared, and thresholds were higher at the shortest (150 ms) compared with the longest (1,000 ms) duration. These results highlight different yet interrelated aspects of the task and the fundamental limits of the mechanisms involved: the resolution of narrowly separated directions in motion processing and the local sampling of dot colours from each surface.
Beiträge Zur Geschichte Der 21. Dynastie
Authors: Jansen-Winkeln Karl
Published: December 2017

The main subject of the article are the relations between the rulers of Upper and Lower Egypt during the Twenty-first Dynasty. The wife of Psusennes I, whose name used to be read Mutnodjmet, is identical with Nodjmetmut, a daughter of Pajnedjem I. The supposed marriage ties between Ramses XI and the new royal family at Tanis cannot be substantiated and are very unlikely. An inscription at Thebes mentions a daughter of king Amenemope who was married to a High Priest of Amun, probably Pajnedjem II. It can be shown that Amenemope and Pajnedjem II were very closely allied and that they started a new political era in Upper Egypt. The history of Upper Egypt is reconsidered as well as the method of dating during this period.
The Depictions of the Entire Lunar Cycle in Graeco-Roman Temples
Authors: Priskin Gyula
Published: December 2017

The scenes that have come down to us from Graeco-Roman temples depicting the entire lunar cycle can be classified into two major groups. The first comprises some unanimously interpreted cases which show a line of gods in procession towards the moon. The second group is made up of the more complex scenes found in the temples of Edfu, Dendera and Esna, for which either unsatisfactory or conflicting, sometimes even diametrically opposed interpretations have been put forward. All these problematic representations are reviewed here in order to present a unified analysis that, on the one hand, aims to unravel the subtleties of the iconographic details of the individual scenes and, on the other, to establish clear interconnections between them.
The Tomb of Ptahemwia, ‘Great Overseer of Cattle’ and ‘Overseer of the Treasury of the Ramesseum’, at Saqqara
Authors: Staring Nico
Published: December 2017

In early 1859, the French Egyptologist Théodule Devéria was in Egypt to assist Auguste Mariette—who had just been appointed as Director of Antiquities—with copying texts at a number of sites in Egypt. At Saqqara, Devéria photographed a doorway of the now-lost tomb of Ptahemwia, the early Nineteenth Dynasty Great Overseer of Cattle and Overseer of the Treasury of the Ramesseum. This article starts with a note on Mariette's work at Saqqara and early photography in Egypt. Then, the architecture, iconography, and texts of the tomb's doorway are analysed, followed by an updated list of objects pertaining to Ptahemwia. It concludes with a discussion of the titles and epithets held by this official.
Social Desirability and Undesirability Effects on Survey Response latencies
Authors: Andersen Henrik , Mayerl Jochen
Published: December 2017

This article looks at paradata in the form of response latencies to identify socially desirable response behaviour. Response latencies are used as proxies to infer information processing modes. So far, evidence is conflicted as to whether socially desirable responding is indicated by shorter or longer response latencies. Our results show that faster responses are associated with the reporting of desirable attitudes and behaviour while slower responses are linked with those that are undesirable. Trait desirability measures that do not take this difference in direction into account may be responsible for the often contradictory results of various researchers who have employed the method in the past.
Improving Likert Scale Raw Scores Interpretability with K-means Clustering
Authors: Michalopoulou Catherine , Symeonaki Maria
Published: December 2017

In this article, by applying k-means clustering, cut-off points are obtained for the recoding of raw scale scores into a fixed number of groupings that preserve the original scoring. The method is demonstrated on a Likert scale measuring xenophobia that was used in a large-scale sample survey conducted in Northern Greece by the National Centre for Social Research. Applying split-half samples and fuzzy c-means clustering, the stability of the proposed solution is validated empirically. Testing its performance against three single indicators of xenophobia shows that it differentiates well between non-xenophobic and xenophobic respondents. The proposed method may be easily applied to facilitate interpretation by providing a more concise and meaningful “profile” of Likert scale (or subscale) raw scores especially the negative and positive ends of the scale for evaluation and social policy purposes.
A Battle of Words
Authors: Burnier Daniel
Published: December 2017

This article analyzes the writings of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross through the discursive lens of the phrase “dying with dignity.” For her, the phrase meant allowing someone to die comfortably his/her own death. This phrase has to be understood in relationship with the final “stage of acceptance” of her model. Describing this key part of her well-known scientific output, she often used, in the early 1970s, the phrase “dying in peace and dignity.” An evaluation of the evidence suggests that because the concept of dignity was co-opted by the pro-euthanasia movement during this decade, the language of dignity was little by little abandoned by her. In later years, only “peace” survived from her favorite expression. Although this concept of peace remains present to the end in all Kübler-Ross writings, the pro-euthanasia movement has also started to speak the language of peace.
Lived Experiences of Grooming Among Australian Male Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Plummer Malory
Published: December 2017

Because child sexual abuse (CSA) is a pervasive social issue affecting up to one in five girls, and one in 10 boys, there have been significant developments in legal responses to the problem of CSA. One such response is to acknowledge the significance of grooming behaviors in the commission of child sex offenses by criminalizing behaviors that are engaged in with the intention of facilitating the sexual abuse of a child. However, grooming behaviors remain underresearched, and current knowledge is based largely upon the perspectives of offenders, with few studies analyzing how grooming is experienced by victims. The purpose of this article is to address key gaps in the grooming literature by analyzing the lived experiences of grooming from the perspectives of 11 adult male CSA survivors. Qualitative analysis revealed novel insights into the characteristics, stages, and impact of grooming for male survivors. The implications of the findings suggest that New South Wales’s (NSW) grooming legislation could better reflect the types of grooming behaviors engaged in by child sex offenders. Tentative evidence for enduring impacts of grooming also indicates the need for further qualitative research into men’s experiences of sexual grooming during childhood with larger and more representative samples.
Risk and Protective Factors of Child-to-Parent Violence: A Comparison Between Physical and Verbal Aggression
Authors: Beckmann Laura , Bergmann Marie Christine , Fischer Franziska , Mößle Thomas
Published: December 2017

Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is a social problem that remains vastly understudied compared with other forms of family violence. The aim of this study is to identify family and child risk and protective factors of CPV, and to investigate whether they differentially predict physical and verbal parent-directed violence among boys and girls. Predictors include parenting behavior during childhood (physical and verbal violence, warmth, monitoring) and respondents’ individual characteristics (suicidal ideation, self-control, problematic substance use). Data were examined from a large representative sample of ninth graders ( N = 6,444) in Lower Saxony, Germany. Bivariate analyses showed that female adolescents were more likely to aggress verbally, while no gender differences were found for physical CPV. Multilevel logistic regression models revealed that direct experiences of parental physical and verbal violence during childhood were among the strongest predictors of physical and verbal CPV, both among males and females. While parental monitoring was not significantly associated with CPV, parental warmth protected girls from physical parent-directed aggression. Furthermore, high self-control was protective against verbal CPV as well as boys’ physical CPV, while problematic substance use predicted physical violence toward parents in both sexes but only boys’ verbal CPV. Suicidal ideation was a risk factor of aggression in males only. Except for parental warmth, the importance of risk and protective factors did not substantially vary across child gender. These findings broaden our understanding of different family and child-related factors that either promote or prevent CPV. Specifically, they point to the importance of the parenting context and especially harsh discipline practices for the occurrence of both physical and verbal CPV.
Gender-Specific Risk Factors for Psychopathology and Reduced Functioning in a Post-9/11 Veteran Sample
Authors: Scoglio Arielle A. J. , Shirk Steven D. , Hoff Rani A. , Potenza Marc N. , Mazure Carolyn M. , Park Crystal L. , McKee Sherry A. , Porter Elizabeth A. , Kraus Shane W.
Published: December 2017

U.S. combat veterans frequently encounter challenges after returning from deployment, and these challenges may lead to difficulties in psychological and social functioning. Currently, research is limited on gender-related differences within this population, despite female veterans comprising a growing portion of the U.S. military with roles and exposures similar to their male counterparts. Using secondary analysis, we examined 283 returning combat veterans (female = 29.4%) for differences in psychopathology and trauma history. Female veterans were more likely to report a history of sexual trauma than their male counterparts, whereas male veterans were more likely to report greater frequency of gambling in the past year, impulsivity, and hypersexuality. No gender-related differences were identified for depression, anxiety, insomnia, or substance-use disorders, although both men and women veterans had higher rates than those found in the general population. While both male and female combat veterans report various mental health problems as they transition back into civilian life, gender-related differences relating to sexual trauma, hypersexuality, and impulsivity warrant additional investigations with respect to the potential impact they may have on veteran reintegration and treatment.
Moderating Effects of Resilience on Depression, Psychological Distress, and Suicidal Ideation Associated With Interpersonal Violence
Authors: Fedina Lisa , Nam Boyoung , Jun Hyun-Jin , Shah Roma , Von Mach Tara , Bright Charlotte L. , DeVylder Jordan
Published: December 2017

Resilience has been found to attenuate the effects of negative mental health symptomology associated with interpersonal victimization; however, existing research has largely focused on resilience traits, such as individual cognitive and environmental factors that promote resilience. In addition, empirical knowledge on the extent to which resilience mitigates suicidal symptomology associated with interpersonal violence victimization is particularly limited. This study assesses whether the relationship between interpersonal violence (i.e., IPV and nonpartner sexual violence) and mental health symptomology (i.e., depression, psychological distress, and suicidal ideation) is moderated by resilience using a general population sample of women ( N = 932). A cross-sectional, observational survey was administered in four U.S. cities (Baltimore, New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C.). Bivariate results indicated that women exposed to interpersonal violence reported significantly higher rates of suicidal ideation, depression, and psychological distress compared with women without exposure to interpersonal violence. Regression models revealed significant positive associations between interpersonal violence and depression, distress, and suicidal ideation, adjusting for sociodemographics. Resilience did not significantly moderate the relationship between interpersonal violence victimization and any associated mental health outcomes. However, subgroup analyses reveal significant interaction effects between resilience and IPV within specific racial and ethnic minority subgroups, suggesting that attenuating effects of resilience on mental health symptoms (i.e., depression and psychological distress) associated with IPV likely vary across race and ethnicity. Implications for future research and clinical interventions focused on resilience among survivors of interpersonal violence are discussed.
Does Gender Matter? An Exploratory Study of Cultural Betrayal Trauma and Hallucinations in Latino Undergraduates at a Predominantly White University
Authors: Gómez Jennifer M.
Published: December 2017

Violence victimization, such as physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, has been linked with hallucinations. How abuse-related distress manifests is dependent on a host of factors, including gender, ethnicity, and societal inequality. Cultural betrayal trauma theory may provide insight into hallucinatory experiences for Latinos in the United States, as it is a contextualized framework that identifies societal trauma (e.g., discrimination) as a contributor to the harm of within-group interpersonal violence victimization in minority populations. Though men may experience higher rates of hallucinations, there is little work on gender differences in the predictive power of violence victimization on hallucinations, particularly in Latino populations. Therefore, with cultural betrayal trauma theory as a guide, the purpose of the current exploratory study is to examine gender differences in the association of ethno-cultural betrayal trauma (within-group violence victimization) on tactile, visual, and auditory hallucinations in a sample of Latino undergraduate students at a predominantly White university in the United States. Participants ( N = 80) completed online self-report measures on ethno-cultural betrayal trauma and hallucinatory experiences. Sizable proportions of the sample reported experiencing ethno-cultural betrayal trauma and tactile, visual, and auditory hallucinations. Controlling for between-group trauma, the link between ethno-cultural betrayal trauma and tactile, visual, and auditory hallucinations was moderated by male gender. With cultural betrayal trauma theory as its framework, these preliminary results suggest that gender differences in hallucinatory experiences may be affected by the way trauma-related distress is expressed in Latino undergraduate students in the United States.
Growing the IBCLC Workforce: A Florida Needs Assessment
Authors: Eden Aimee R. , Anstey Erica H. , Orriola Deidre
Published: December 2017

Background:

Florida has fewer International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs) per 1,000 live births than the national average. An important strategy to support breastfeeding entails creating opportunities to prepare and train IBCLCs from underrepresented groups. However, it can be difficult for individuals to access lactation education and gain clinical experience necessary to become an IBCLC.

Research aim:

The Building a Better Breastfeeding Network project was a needs assessment designed to assess the interest in an IBCLC training program in Florida and perceived barriers and facilitators to completing such a program.

Methods:

An online survey was distributed via email to non-IBCLC students and maternal and child healthcare workers in Florida. Microsoft Excel was used to complete descriptive analyses.

Results:

Surveys were initiated by 1,939 eligible individuals from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds across the state, 86% of whom responded that they would be possibly to very interested in an IBCLC training program. For those interested, cost was perceived as a potential barrier to enrolling in a program, but flexible course schedules and scholarship or financial aid availability would further attract participants. More than half were interested in working with underserved populations or in low-resource settings, but Black and Hispanic participants were significantly more likely to express interest in working in those settings.

Conclusion:

Due to the high level of interest in an IBCLC training program in Florida, a formal lactation training program may be successful in attracting diverse students, particularly if funding and program flexibility needs are met.
Morphology, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/expandable graphite (PLA/EG) flame retardant composites
Authors: Mngomezulu Mfiso Emmanuel , Luyt Adriaan Stephanus , John Maya Jacob
Published: December 2017

This work reports on the effect of expandable graphite (EG) on the morphology, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of flame retardant poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/EG composites. The composites were prepared by melt-mixing and their structure, morphology, melting and crystallization behaviour, as well as their dynamic mechanical properties, were investigated. It was found that graphite layers still existed in an aggregate structure with poor filler dispersion resulting in a lack of interfacial adhesion between EG and the PLA matrix. The presence of EG did not favour the crystallization of PLA, increased the glass transition temperature and showed a reduction in the crystallinity of the composites. The composites with higher filler contents showed enhanced storage and loss moduli. The glass transition temperatures from the loss modulus and damping factor curves varied inconsistently with EG content. The use of commercial EG as filler in PLA can preserve the thermal properties of injection moulding grade Cereplast PLA.
Persistent Pain in Older Adults: Roy’s Adaptation Model
Authors: Flanagan Nina M
Published: December 2017

Persistent pain in older adults is difficult to assess and therefore address consistently. The experience of pain is individual, and therefore a comprehensive way to assess pain is required. Roy’s adaptation model offers a systematic way of evaluating pain in the older adult. In this column, the author shares some statistics about persistent pain and a case study using Roy’s model as a system for assessment.
Betrayal in Teaching-Learning: A Sword in the Heart
Authors: Yancey Nan Russell
Published: December 2017

In this article, the human experience of betrayal is explored within teaching-learning, where trust might be expected and the notion of betrayal might seem counterintuitive. To gain insight into this experience, the unique perspectives of an undergraduate student, a graduate student, and a new faculty are considered through the stories they shared with the author about betrayal in teaching-learning. The humanbecoming paradigm provided a unique perspective to view these stories and explore the unlimited possibilities emerging when human dignity and freedom to choose are honored.
Will Nursing Continue as the Most Trusted Profession? An Ethical Overview
Authors: Milton Constance L.
Published: December 2017

Trust-mistrust is a paradoxical rhythm found in all healthcare disciplines. The discipline of nursing has traditionally been regarded as the most trusted. What are the ethical obligations for professional nurses in establishing community relationships of trust according to societal needs and desires? Specifically, the author seeks to conceptualize and discern potential implications for fiduciary trust and the future of nursing as a healthcare discipline.
Caring Science or Science of Caring
Authors: Turkel Marian C. , Watson Jean , Giovannoni Joseph
Published: December 2017

The concepts caring science and science of caring have different meanings; however, they are often used interchangeably. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the synthesis of the scholarly literature on the definitions of the science of caring and caring science and to affirm the authors’ perspective relating to the language of caring science. Caring science advances the epistemology and ontology of caring. Ideas related to caring science inquiry are presented, and the authors acknowledge the future of caring science as unitary caring science.
Resistance to state-orchestrated modernization in Xinjiang: The genesis of unrest in the multiethnic frontier
Authors: Karrar Hasan H.
Published: December 2017

This article seeks to explain periodic unrest in China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the years immediately following the Third Plenum. This unrest fractured along ethnic lines between the non-Han and the Han, and in so doing, threatened to unravel Deng Xiaoping’s modernization efforts. Simultaneously, the unrest challenged Beijing’s self-projection as a unitary multiethnic state, and singular Chinese nation. Beijing’s anxiety was evident in its response: memorializing state building on the frontier during the 1940s and 1950s; emphasizing nationalities work; and dispatching veteran revolutionaries to Xinjiang. Foremost amongst them was Wang Zhen (1908–1993), who had led the People’s Liberation Army into Xinjiang in October 1949. During four visits between 1980 and 1982, Wang admonished cadres to love Xinjiang and its people, and to settle contentedly on the frontier. In this article, I argue that in the post-1978 period, unrest in Xinjiang was local resistance to accelerated modernization after the Third Plenum. I also demonstrate how this local resistance to Deng-era modernization led to a deepening of Beijing’s appropriation of the frontier.
Effects of interface bonding on the corona resistance of the polyimide/nano-Al2O3 three-layer composite films
Authors: Ma Xinyu , Liu Lizhu , He Hongju , Weng Ling
Published: December 2017

Polyimides (PIs) are widely used in many fields including aerospace and microelectronics. Due to their poor corona resistance, their practical applications were limited, especially in the field of variable frequency motors. In this study, we have achieved for the first time to increase the corona resistance by controlling the preparation process of the three-layered PI composite. A series of PI/nano-Al2O3 composite films with novel three-layer structure were prepared by in situ polymerization employing pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4-diaminodiphenyl as raw material, N, N-dimethylacetamide as solvent, and doping of nano-Al2O3. The first layer of the PI/Al2O3 composite film was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the imidization rate under different processes was calculated. The interface structures and bonding conditions of the composite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope, and the surface morphologies of the composite films treated by different corona-resistance times were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis was also used to study the effect of nano-Al2O3 on PIs with different imidization ratios. The corona-resistance time and breakdown field strength of the composite films prepared by different processes were also tested. The results indicated that the combination of the three-layer composite film and the corona-resistance abilities of the composite membrane surface was enhanced by increasing the imidization rate. Meanwhile, the corona-resistance time and the electrical breakdown strength of composite films were also improved by increasing the imidization rate.
The rigid–flexible coupling dynamic model and response analysis of bearing–wheel–rail system under track irregularity
Authors: Huo Junzhou , Wu Hanyang , Zhu Dong , Sun Wei , Wang Liping , Dong Jianghui
Published: December 2017

As the main bearing components of vehicle wheel/rail systems, railway bearings take on the main load of wheel/rail system. These bearings can be easily damaged after a long-term load, which causes vibrations and significant deterioration of force distribution and directly affects the driving stability of the locomotive. Current systems available for modeling the dynamics of wheel/rail systems rarely consider nonlinear contact load bearing, which causes errors in the calculation of wheel/rail system dynamics. According to the bearing structure characteristics and working features of a specific system, this paper thoroughly evaluates the flexible deformation of shaft and bearing, time-varying nonlinear contact load, track irregularity, and bearing to establish a wheel/rail system coupling dynamics model. Then, based on the coupling dynamics theoretical model, the wheel/rail system’s coupling nonlinear dynamic characteristics are studied under random load. Then, this theoretical model of the wheel–bearing–rail system dynamics is verified using the railway bearing as an example. Finally, the model is applied to the process of rail/wheel low force design. Results show that under irregular stimulation, the maximum contact load increased by 71.2% and the maximum contact stress increased by 19.6%. After moderate wear, the wheel/rail system vibration and loading condition deteriorate rapidly. Under the low rail/wheel force, the wheel tread and diameter had significant effects on wheel/rail contact force distribution. The rail specifications are found to affect the wheel/rail system’s vibration significantly. This paper has important theoretical value and practical significance for developing reliable railway bearings and wheel/rail systems with good static/dynamic characteristics that can withstand dynamic impact load.
Protection against overturning of a lunar-planetary lander using a controlled landing gear
Authors: Maeda Takao , Otsuki Masatsugu , Hashimoto Tatsuaki
Published: December 2017

This paper describes an attitude control method to prevent the overturning of lunar and planetary landers. The proposed control method that is based on a variable-damping shock absorber for the landing gear is experimentally validated. Conventionally, the landing gear of lunar and planetary landers has a fixed shock attenuation parameter that is not used proactively for attitude control of the lander during the touchdown sequence. The proposed method suppresses any disturbance to the attitude of the lander by adjusting the damping coefficient of each landing leg independently, based on the angular velocity and displacement velocity of each landing leg. First, the control method for the variable damper is presented. Second, the result of a landing experiment conducted in a two-dimensional plane is shown. These results indicate that the proposed semi-active landing gear system is effective for preventing the overturning of the lander on inclined terrain.
Effects of tip clearance size on the unsteady flow behaviors and performance in a counter-rotating axial flow compressor
Authors: Mao Xiaochen , Liu Bo , Zhao Hang
Published: December 2017

This paper presents the studies performed to better understand the effects of increased tip clearance size on the unsteady flow behaviors and overall performance under the rotor–rotor interaction environment in a counter-rotating axial flow compressor. The investigation method is based on the three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations. The results show that the intensified tip leakage flow in front rotor (R1) caused by the increased tip clearance size will lead to the growth of incoming incidence angle near the tip of the rear rotor (R2). The increasing of double leakage flow range plays a significant role in the sensitivity of the efficiency to tip clearance size and its extent is enlarged gradually with the increase of tip clearance size. As the tip clearance size is increased to 1.5τ (τ represents the designed tip clearance size) from 0.5τ, the results of the fast Fourier transform for the static pressure near blade tip show that two other new fluctuating frequency components appear due to the happening of tip leakage flow self-unsteadiness in R1 and R2, respectively. Additionally, the fluctuating strength near the tip in R2 is significantly increased. However, both the overall fluctuation in R1 caused by the potential effect from downstream and the oscillation in the hub corner on the pressure side of R2 are decreased obviously. The relative inflow angle tends to increase when the incoming wakes and tip leakage flow from R1 encounter the blade leading edge of R2, which leads to the result that the trajectory of tip leakage flow is shifted more upstream.
Lack of Automatic Imitation in Newly Sighted Individuals
Authors: McKyton Ayelet , Ben-Zion Itay , Zohary Ehud
Published: December 2017

Viewing a hand action performed by another person facilitates a response-compatible action and slows a response-incompatible one, even when the viewed action is irrelevant to the task. This automatic imitation effect is taken as the clearest evidence for a direct mapping between action viewing and motor performance. But there is an ongoing debate whether this effect is innate or experience dependent. We tackled this issue by studying a unique group of newly sighted children who suffered from dense bilateral cataracts from early infancy and were surgically treated only years later. The newly sighted children were less affected by viewing task-irrelevant actions than were control children, even 2 years after the cataract-removal surgery. This strongly suggests that visually guided motor experience is necessary for the development of automatic imitation. At the very least, our results indicate that if imitation is based on innate mechanisms, these are clearly susceptible to long periods of visual deprivation.
Information literacy policies and planning in Ibero-America: Perspectives from an international digital survey
Authors: Pinto Maria , Garcia-Marco Francisco-Javier , Ponjuán Gloria , Sales Dora
Published: December 2017

An analysis of the state of the policies and plans on information literacy in Ibero-America is presented, based on the results of a survey carried out on 42 librarians and academics from 13 different countries, specialized in the development of information skills. The data were gathered from a detailed questionnaire survey conducted during the years 2012–2013. The information was collected through open questions, which were later codified and standardized to allow quantitative analysis. In the results and discussion, the information literacy planning landscape in Ibero-America is presented in its most general and abstract aspects – the national policies – its visibility in the institutional strategic plans, and its deployment through specific programmes and actions. Widespread progress can be appreciated, as a large number of the institutions to which the invited experts belong have achieved the implementation of systematic programmes (42.9%), and with the rest, except in one case, involved in preparatory actions, pilot projects and activities of transition from the more traditional users’ training activities. Recommendations are offered on the inclusion of information literacy within the national policies for improved digital and media literacy, on its deployment in higher education institutions, and on the need for a truly interdisciplinary effort to articulate the field, looking for an effective and efficient integration of the current and diverse approaches and actions.
The state of circulation policies and practices in Chinese academic libraries
Authors: Kang Qi , Wang Pianran , Wang Qing
Published: December 2017

The circulation service is an important, traditional library service. Circulation policies are the rules that govern borrowing and renewing materials and the penalties for overdue, lost, or damaged items. Some studies have reported the circulation policies of major academic libraries; however, literature documenting the borrowing privileges of Chinese libraries is scant and does not fully disclose its current characteristics and status. This study aims to investigate and explore the status, features, and patterns of circulation policies employed in the top 46 Chinese university libraries. The results indicated that circulation practices vary among libraries but common trends exist, including lengthened checkout and renewal period or unlimited borrowing length, increased number of items and no overdue fines or blocks on accounts until items are returned, or volunteer service, or online examination of library rules and regulation, or establishment of amnesty days regarding overdue procedures. Along with adding to the Chinese academic library services research field, these findings provide valuable directions for library policy improvements.
The role of the library café as a learning space: A comparative analysis of three universities
Authors: Deng Qi , Allard Bradley , Lo Patrick , Chiu Dickson K.W. , See-To Eric W.K. , Bao Alex Z.R.
Published: December 2017

Although food and drink have traditionally been prohibited in libraries, in recent years, there have been increased joint ventures between libraries and coffee shops like Starbucks. Although library cafés are perceived mostly for social networking and recreational purposes, an increasing number of students are conducting both their formal and informal learning at the library cafés, instead of inside the physical libraries. Using a quantitative comparative approach, this study also aims to identify the similarities and differences in the usage of library cafés amongst students at three different universities in Asia and the United States – namely, the University of Tsukuba, located in Japan, the University of Hong Kong, and the University of Kentucky in the USA. Furthermore, this study explores the educational, social, and recreational roles that library cafés play in the students’ college experience and daily lives. Online questionnaire surveys were used to gauge library patrons’ usage and perceptions of both the library and café spaces, as well as their preferences for formal and informal learning and recreation. From the 314 responses collected from all three universities, the results indicated that a majority of the respondents considered the library café as an important part of their campus life, though a majority of them would still prefer formal learning within the library building, and certain recreational activities outside the library café. Besides, the library café also functions like a multi-functional hub where everyone can find their own use, ranging from being a place for learning to a place for socialization purposes.
Self-selecting books in a children’s fiction collection arranged by genre
Authors: Taylor Joan Bessman , Hora Andrea , Krueger Karla Steege
Published: December 2017

Given school librarians promote reading and assist students in the self-selection of texts, this case study examines youth information-seeking practices, specifically book selection, within the context of a genrefied fiction collection. It examines how sixth grade students interacted with the collection along with their teachers’ perceptions of the collection’s recent genrefication. Data includes observation and video recording of 16 sixth grade students’ browsing activity during four checkout times, interviews with eight students, and survey responses from eight classroom teachers. Findings include that students used prior knowledge of genre for beginning book selection, preferred browsing with a peer and were more likely to leave with a book when they did, and tended to browse across genres even when coming to the library with a particular genre in mind. Classroom teachers viewed genrefication as a means for supporting students as readers, and appreciated that the library’s organization reinforced their curricular goals around teaching the concept of genre.
Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus in Turkey: demographic, clinical and laboratory features with disease activity and outcome
Authors: Sahin S , Adrovic A , Barut K , Canpolat N , Ozluk Y , Kilicaslan I , Caliskan S , Sever L , Kasapcopur O
Published: December 2017

Objectives

This paper aims to assess in a retrospective fashion the clinical and laboratory features, severity and outcome of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) from a referral center in Turkey.

Methods

We have included all jSLE patients ( n = 92) diagnosed according to the revised American College of Rheumatology 1997 criteria between January 2004 and January 2017.

Results

The most prevalent clinical feature in our cohort was mucocutaneous manifestations (97.8%), followed by constitutional (81.5%), hematological (59.8%) and musculoskeletal manifestations (56.5%). Renal involvement was observed in 38% ( n = 35) of the patients, whereas biopsy-proven lupus nephritis was detected in 29.3% ( n = 27) of the cohort. Neurologic involvement was seen in 15 (16.3%) individuals. Among the patients positive for anticardiolipin IgM and/or IgG ( n = 11, 12%), only three developed antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. The mean SLEDAI-2K scores at disease onset (10.5 ± 4.8) showed a substantial decrease at last visit (4.3 ± 4.6). One-quarter of the patients (26.1%, n = 24) had damage according to the PedSDI criteria with a mean score of 0.45 ± 1.0 (range 0–7). When the PedSDI damage items were evaluated individually, growth failure was the most frequent damage criterion ( n = 6), followed by seizure ( n = 5). Two patients died during the designated study period of end-stage renal disease. The five-year and 10-year survival rate of our cohort was 100% and 94.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

Given the lower frequency of nephritis and central nervous system disease and lower basal disease activity and damage scores, we could conclude that children with jSLE in Turkey have a more favorable course compared to Asian and African American children, as expected from Caucasian ethnicity.
Test procedure and sample size determination for a proportion study using a double-sampling scheme with two fallible classifiers
Authors: Qiu Shi-Fang , Zeng Xiao-Song , Tang Man-Lai , Poon Wai-Yin
Published: December 2017

Double sampling is usually applied to collect necessary information for situations in which an infallible classifier is available for validating a subset of the sample that has already been classified by a fallible classifier. Inference procedures have previously been developed based on the partially validated data obtained by the double-sampling process. However, it could happen in practice that such infallible classifier or gold standard does not exist. In this article, we consider the case in which both classifiers are fallible and propose asymptotic and approximate unconditional test procedures based on six test statistics for a population proportion and five approximate sample size formulas based on the recommended test procedures under two models. Our results suggest that both asymptotic and approximate unconditional procedures based on the score statistic perform satisfactorily for small to large sample sizes and are highly recommended. When sample size is moderate or large, asymptotic procedures based on the Wald statistic with the variance being estimated under the null hypothesis, likelihood rate statistic, log- and logit-transformation statistics based on both models generally perform well and are hence recommended. The approximate unconditional procedures based on the log-transformation statistic under Model I, Wald statistic with the variance being estimated under the null hypothesis, log- and logit-transformation statistics under Model II are recommended when sample size is small. In general, sample size formulae based on the Wald statistic with the variance being estimated under the null hypothesis, likelihood rate statistic and score statistic are recommended in practical applications. The applicability of the proposed methods is illustrated by a real-data example.
The Word Frequency Effect in Word Processing: An Updated Review
Authors: Brysbaert Marc , Mandera Paweł , Keuleers Emmanuel
Published: December 2017

The word frequency effect refers to the observation that high-frequency words are processed more efficiently than low-frequency words. Although the effect was first described over 80 years ago, in recent years it has been investigated in more detail. It has become clear that considerable quality differences exist between frequency estimates and that we need a new standardized frequency measure that does not mislead users. Research also points to consistent individual differences in the word frequency effect, meaning that the effect will be present at different word frequency ranges for people with different degrees of language exposure. Finally, a few ongoing developments point to the importance of semantic diversity rather than mere differences in the number of times words have been encountered and to the importance of taking into account word prevalence in addition to word frequency.
Relived Vulnerabilities of Palestinian Refugees
Authors: Almustafa Maissaa
Published: December 2017

The international refugee protection regime failed in protecting millions of refugees during the current Syrian conflict. However, for more than half a million Palestinian refugees who have resided in Syria since 1948, this failure has been persistent since such time as they were never protected by the international protection regime. These Palestinian refugees are now reliving the trauma of their statelessness through the current Syrian conflict. Their lack of protection reveals a complex layering of the failure of the legal framework of refugee protection. This case demonstrates the limits of an international protection regime that was initially formulated to address a Eurocentric set of concerns. This article links the current protection gaps for Palestinian refugees from Syria with the structural flaws of the international refugee protection regime. The article argues that the particular legal frameworks that were established to govern the statelessness of Palestinian refugees since 1948 have contributed in prolonging this unresolved crisis and pushed stateless Palestinians into a new cycle of displacement and victimization.
Heart Rate Recovery and Cancer Risk: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Byun Yong Hyun , Kim Sang Yeun , Mok Yejin , Kim Youngwon , Jee Sun Ha
Published: December 2017

This study aims to determine the association between 2-minute heart rate recovery (HRR) and cancer risk. Each participant (5379 women; 8485 men) provided HRR obtained from treadmill tests. The outcome was site-specific cancer. Over 9 years of follow-up, 630 cancer events (258 women) were accrued. Slower HRR was associated with increased thyroid cancer risk in women ( P for trend = .0121) and colorectal cancer risk in men ( P for trend = .0034). The lowest HRR (<13 bpm) had higher hazards of thyroid cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.28-3.77) in women and colorectal cancer (HR = 3.08; 95% CI = 1.32-7.15) in men. In women, slower HRR and lower proportions of heart rate recovery (PHRR) were associated with higher hazards of thyroid cancer in women and metabolically related cancers (liver and colorectal) in men. Slower HRR and lower PHRR were independent risk factors for thyroid cancer in women and metabolically related cancers in men.