bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of pet animals (dogs, cats) for emerging and re-emerging zoonoses disease: Review
Authors: Abebe Garoma , Sagni Diba
Published: June 2022

A pet has been shared in the environment many times and also they are bringing major psychological well-being to society. However, dogs and cats were a carrier of microorganisms that are pathogens for human infection, like viral, bacterial, parasitic, and others. From those pathogens are the emerging or re-emerging viral zoonoses for a human being, such as rabies, cowpox, rotaviruses, and others. Bacterial infections include scratches, pasteurellosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Leptospira, and tuberculosis leading to severe cases for people because of the different factors which occur in pet animals. Similarly, parasitic infections including hydatidosis, and leishmaniasis, are also recalled as pet-related zoonotic diseases. Lack of Veterinary care, good personal hygiene and pet hygiene, and absence of health education are the factors such as a risk of zoonotic infection.
[RETRACTED] Max Boost Keto Ultra Burn [BETTER OUT COME] Does It Really Work? v1
Authors: A H
Published: June 2022

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Also, your body will remain in ketosis consuming with smoldering heat fat assuming that you keep those ketone levels high.
[RETRACTED] XP Nutrition Keto Gummies: (Exposed 2022) Is XP Nutrition Keto Gummies Burn Fat? Where To Buy? Price! v1
Authors: Nutrition Keto Gummies XP
Published: June 2022

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XP Nutrition Keto Gummies
[RETRACTED] Condor CBD Gummies AmazonShark TankReviews Benefits,Ingredients,side effects and Is it legitor Does it Really Work [HOAX OR SCAM]{Update 2022}-, What To Know Before Using It??Shark TankReviews Benefits,Ingredients,side effects and Is it legitor Does it Re v1
Authors: CBD Gummies Condor
Published: June 2022

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Condor CBD Gummies Amazon - You plan to recuperate just as truly feel over and above anyone's expectations previously! However when you are encountering steady medical conditions,
[RETRACTED] Keto Blast Gummies Side Effects v1
Authors: not provided ketoblastgummiessideeffectsus
Published: June 2022

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Keto Blast Gummies Side Effects Keto Blast Gummies Side Effects is a ketogenic diet that is low in carbohydrates or calories and high in nutrients, multi-vitamins and proteins. It is clinically proven and especially designed for chubby and obese people. Keto diet is a daily consumable diet which helps in cutting unhealthy carbs and calories from the chubby body. Carbohydrate is a primary source of energy in our body. Click Here To More >>> https://fitnesshealthfitnes.blogspot.com/2022/06/keto-blast-gummies-side-effects.html https://www.facebook.com/Keto-Blast-Gummies-Side-Effects-100408272717448/ https://www.facebook.com/Keto-Blast-Gummies-Side-Effects-Reviews-101738092579604/ https://keto-blast-gummies-side-effects-1.jimdosite.com/
Measurement of bacterial dry weight v1
Authors: Pérez Escudero Alfonso
Published: June 2022

Protocol to measure the biomass content of bacterial cultures, by measuring their dry weight after evaporation of water.
[RETRACTED] Open Eye Hemp Relief Helps To Vanish Joint Pains (Anxiety Killer) v1
Authors: Eye Hemp Relief Open
Published: June 2022

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https://www.mynewsdesk.com/iexponet/pressreleases/open-eye-hemp-roller-reviews-how-does-oeh-reliefx-roller-helps-to-relieve-chronic-pain-3188258
Small Forms of Trade as a Strategic Direction of Legal Regulation: From the Origin to the COVID-19 Pandemic and the New Economic Reality (Peddling Trade Case Study)
Authors: Dolganin A. A.
Published: June 2022

The paper examines the problems of legal policy formation in the field of regulation of non-stationary and non-chain formats of trade (small trade forms) in Russia on the example of the draft Strategy for the Trade Development until 2025 and Peddling Trade. The paper describes specifics of the implementation of the main goals and objectives of the Strategy related to ensuring a variety of forms of trade and «deregulation» in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The author describes the historical experience of the Russian legal regulation of peddling trade and analyzes the use of the traditional permissive regulatory model. Modern legislative attempts to «deregulate» peddling trade in Russia are critically evaluated from the point of view of legal technique and the real volume of regulatory burden for salesmen. Federal «deregulation» does not eliminate, but only strengthens administrative barriers at the local level of regulation, which, as shown in the paper, is often characterized by inadequate and excessive rulemaking contradicting federal legislation and the legal standing of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the availability of small forms for private trade initiatives in practice is limited not only by the general requirement to register a citizen’s entrepreneurial activity, which is not mitigated by modern norms on professional income tax, but also by arbitrary municipal regulation. At the same time, the traditional permissive model for peddling trade, uniformly applied throughout the state, but with freedoms for certain types of goods, seems more appropriate and favorable for merchants than the apparent «deregulation», which is confirmed by foreign experience. Thus, the draft Strategy for trade development until 2025 is clearly outdated and needs a serious update that would correspond to the new economic reality formed by the COVID-19 pandemic and economic sanctions and take into account the nature and effectiveness of the legislative changes that have already taken place.
Parenthood as a Family Law Phenomenon: A Theoretical Look at the Current Normative Origins
Authors: Komissarova E. G.
Published: June 2022

There is no holistic and full-scale theory of parenthood that would include integrated knowledge about recognition of persons by parents and parental rights and obligations arising from such recognition, in the science of family law. There are segments of scientific knowledge about the origin of children and largely distanced from them knowledge about parental rights and responsibilities. This perception of parenthood has become one of the reasons for the «barrier-free», uncritical introduction of sociobiological and other evolutionary approaches promoted beyond the law into the legal discourse. This not only distorts the body of legal knowledge about parenthood, but also does not ensure their heuristic development. The lag of jurisprudence in the scientific description of parenthood and the promotion of the basic ideas on which it is based in law is becoming more and more noticeable. The purpose of the paper is in the scientific desire of the author to formulate the theoretical construction of parenthood in law and give it a legally qualified scientific description. The author’s judgments are subordinated to a legal-dogmatic approach that allows to study law in the form of an internally consistent system of logical categories and legal constructions, ensuring unification of theoretical conclusions with the current legislation. Leading methods are the method of formal logical analysis and the method of deduction, which allows to direct the scientific thought of the author from the general to the particular. The results of the study are expressed in the following author’s conclusions. The absence of the doctrine of parenthood in law is a serious obstacle to the improvement of family legislation. The legal problem of parenthood is twofold. It includes the norms on parental recognition and the norms on legal obligation of persons with legal parental status. The emphasis on this excludes attribution of parental status to persons performing parental functions, but who have not passed the regulatory procedures of parental recognition. It is methodologically correct to structure child-parent relations and give them a scientific description around the normative framework that embodies the legitimate rules of parental recognition.
Legal Protection of Intellectual Property in the Implementation of International Space Activities
Authors: Shakhnazarov B. A.
Published: June 2022

Despite a widespread development of global spaces, which include the outer space, the existing international agreements have not overcome the territorial principle of intellectual property protection. Legal conflicts may arise when intellectual rights are considered from the point of view of their implementation in outer space, where filing claims to sovereignty is limited. Intellectual property rights protection may formally conflict with the fundamental principles of international space law. In particular, the implementation of the territorial principle of intellectual property protection in outer space faces limitations caused by European integration processes (for example, the principle of order of precedence). Regional and bilateral cooperation of States, within the framework of which issues of accounting, evaluation, use, distribution of intellectual property rights, as well as the claim of appropriate protection, are regulated, is the main vector of regulation of intellectual property protection in outer space. Joint project activities that lead to the creation of the results of intellectual activity, in this case, can be regulated in the agreements between the participants, in instruments of a different kind, for example, in plans for the evaluation and the use of results of intellectual work, in compliance with the applicable international law rules. It seems necessary to develop uniform methods of assessment, accounting for the contribution of participants in joint activities in creation of intellectual property objects, distribution of exclusive rights. In this context, it is advisable to provide at the international and national levels the possibility of allocating a share in the exclusive right to an intellectual property object. The extraterritorial potential of regulating relations in the field of intellectual property protection in outer space allows us to talk about the possibility of developing and using the conventional «international regime» of intellectual property protection, which at this stage of development could be expressed in the universal nature, mutual recognition and cross-border use of intellectual rights — at least for joint results of intellectual activity created during the development of outer space.
Procedural Guarantees of the Rights of Participants in Investigative Activities Carried out via a Video Conferencing System
Authors: Malysheva O. A.
Published: June 2022

The modern digital transformation of Russian society affects criminal proceedings, which results in the expansion of the scope of application of LegalTech tools in the course of criminal proceedings. The purpose of LegalTech in modern criminal proceedings is to optimize not only the professional activities of the governmental participants in the criminal procedure when they carry out procedural actions and make procedural decisions, but also the procedural mechanism for protecting rights, defending legitimate interests by non-governmental participants in the field of activity under consideration. The results of the analysis of domestic and foreign experience (the Republic of Belarus, Ukraine, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Finland, and the Swiss Confederation), alongside with the position of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, makes it possible to conclude that the investigator should use a video conference system during interrogation, confrontation, and identification.

At the same time, the author presents some arguments confirming the need to implement additional legal, organizational, technological measures in pre-trial proceedings in order to overcome the risks of unjustified restriction of the rights and legitimate interests of participants in these investigative actions.

We are talking about expanding the rights of participants in the analyzed investigative actions, clarifying the legal regulation of the procedure for video recording during the production of these actions, regulating the procedural status of the investigator-executor of the order on organizing the participation of a suspect, accused, victim, witness in investigative actions carried out using a video conferencing system, optimizing the technological support of criminal investigation business.

The author proposes to expand the procedural guarantees of the rights of certain social groups who, due to their state of health, social immaturity, lack of technical equipment, are not able to perceive the LegalTech technological tools, when an investigator decides on the production of an investigative action using a video conferencing system.
Sources and Principles of Private Methods Development for High-Tech Crimes Investigation
Authors: Polyakov V. V.
Published: June 2022

A distinctive feature of modern crimes is its qualitative complication and rapid development of hightech crimes characterized by the widespread use of the latest information technologies. As there is quite a low response rate in adapting the norms of law and judicial and investigative practice to new types of crimes, criminalistic theory and practice lag behind the ongoing changes. One of the aspects of this lag is the lack of development of private forensic methods for investigating high-tech crimes. The paper shows that the difficulties in the formation of such methods primarily result from negative factors related to the specifics of its sources. The shortcomings of the system regulation of public relations in the field of countering high-tech crime, contradictions and inconsistencies in the application of criminal and criminal procedure legislation are among such factors for the legal norms source. The difficulties in using scientific knowledge are associated with their weak formation, which is natural for new types of crimes. Low representativeness of empirical data presented by insufficiently developed forensic investigative practice plays a negative role, which significantly complicates the generalization of the experience of investigations. The paper proves that a promising approach to overcoming problems in building a private method for investigating new types of crimes is the development of a predictive method that reflects the most likely features of the relevant crimes, trends in their development and patterns of their investigation. The author proposes and substantiates some principles of creating such a method, including the expansion of the role of the general criminalistic methodology, the use of the provisions of private methods developed for close groups of crimes, as well as the extrapolation of empirical data on crimes with similar criminalistic characteristics to a new group of crimes. It is shown that in conditions of insufficient representativeness of forensic investigative practice, the involvement of the method of expert assessments is of particular importance.
The Complexity of Crime Classification in Establishment of Alternative and Indefinite Types of Intent
Authors: Khilyuta V. V.
Published: June 2022

The paper discusses the scientific and law enforcement aspects of understanding the types of intent in criminal law. The law enforcement and doctrinal features of alternative and indefinite types of intent and the problems associated with their establishment in the law of Russia and Belarus are considered. The paper analyzes the law enforcement practice and pressing issues of interpretation of the intentional form of guilt in accordance with the provisions of the current legislation of Russia and Belarus. The purpose of the paper is a rational and critical consideration of the provisions of the science of criminal law in relation to the question of the classification of criminal acts with an indefinite (unspecified) intent. The author concludes that when establishing the elements of an indefinite (unspecified) intent, the criminal act should be evaluated by the actual consequences. However, it is an inchoate offense that possesses the specifics of classification in this matter. Therefore, in such cases, it is necessary to establish the actual direction of the actions of the perpetrator, based on the objective situation of the act committed, the tools used, the means of committing the crime, the physical data of the victim and the accused, etc. The author proposes to pay attention to the following things in cases of crimes against life and health: the nature and method of utilizing the instrument of crime, its danger, the commission of actions that objectively pose a danger to human life; the intensity of damage, their localization, the possession of special skills and abilities to cause physical harm; the striking force of the impact, the physical data of the victim and the accused, the conscious nature of the guilty person’s behavior; the reasons for termination of criminal actions by the accused, his relationship with the victim on the eve of the crime, the subsequent behavior of the guilty and the victim. Research methods used in the paper are formal-dogmatic, comparative-legal, instrumental analysis. Scope of application: jurisprudence, law enforcement practice, lawmaking, lawmaking.
Termination of Criminal Prosecution followed by the Imposition of Duties and Regulations on the Accused as an Alternative Way to Resolve a Criminal Law Conflict in the German Criminal Procedure
Authors: Ploshkina Ya. M. , Kirillova N. P.
Published: June 2022

Given the Russian tendency to expand the scope of non-rehabilitating grounds for termination of criminal prosecution/case, the paper examines the legal regulation and law enforcement practice of termination of criminal prosecution with the imposition of various duties and regulations to the accused as one of the alternative ways to resolve a criminal conflict within the framework of the German criminal procedure. The German criminal procedure has a lot in common with the Russian one; both are formed on the principle of lawfulness, or legality. At present, both Russian and German legislators are looking for alternative ways, in addition to procedural coercion or the threat of its use, to resolve the conflict in the process, which contribute to the humanization of criminal legislation, reducing the number of convicts, procedural economy. One of such alternatives in the German criminal procedure is the termination of criminal prosecution followed by the imposition of duties and regulations on the accused. The possibility of termination of criminal prosecution on this basis is provided not only in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Federal Republic of Germany, but also in various sectoral laws, for example, the German Narcotics Law, the German Youth Court Law. An analysis of the statistical data of the Federal Statistical Office in Germany from 2016 to 2020 on the termination of criminal prosecution followed by the imposition of certain duties and regulations to the accused shows the priorities of the German law enforcement officer in terms of choosing individual duties assigned to the accused and, if properly performed, entailing the termination of criminal prosecution. Despite the wide choice of duties and regulations, the law enforcement officer mainly uses the few duties imposed on the accused in order to terminate criminal prosecution. However, the very possibility of a wide choice of potentially possible duties and regulations indicates an individualized approach to the participants of the criminal law conflict in the German criminal procedure, which makes it possible to take into account the interests of all parties to the conflict.
Codification of Civil Law in Azerbaijan: History, Current State and Prospects for Development
Authors: Khalilov N. Sh.
Published: June 2022

The paper is devoted to the codification of civil law in Azerbaijan over the past 100 years. During the 20th century, Azerbaijan has adopted civil codes three times by codifying the norms of civil law. The development of new civil legislation from scratch after gaining independence in the early 1990s was aimed at the country’s transition from a planned economy to a market economy. The paper discusses a number of pressing problems of the civil legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan and puts forward several proposals for their solution. Assessing the results of the civil legislation of Azerbaijan adopted since independence, it is possible to say that, although most of the issues related to the creation and development of the civil law system have been resolved, there is a great need to reform and change the civil legislation of the country. The concept of development and reform of civil legislation in Azerbaijan should be transformed into a unified strategy aimed at more effective regulation of market relations in the country in order to gradually eliminate the «transitional» nature of market relations. The author proposes to optimize civil legislation in Azerbaijan. These should aim at revising a certain part of civil legislation, eliminating contradictions, recodifying old laws; improving norms for the protection of property rights, healthy competition, implementation of agreements and antimonopoly activities; reflecting the practice of law enforcement and interpretation of laws and improving the effectiveness of law enforcement practice; using innovations and successful experience of civil codes in a number of European and Asian countries in the modernization of civil legislation; improvement of the legal language and legislative technique; raising awareness of judges and lawyers through trainings; formation of legal consciousness of citizens through the media; public discussion of the adoption of new laws and amendments to controversial laws that meet modern challenges, with the participation of scientists and experts in the field of private law.
Rethinking and Constructing the Mechanism of Directors’ Exemption from Liability under the Revision of the Chinese Company Law
Authors: Xue Liu
Published: June 2022

Since its introduction, Chinese Company Law has played a great role in the development of Chinese business system, but with the development of the economy, continuous technological innovation and changes in the world environment, the current Company Law can no longer meet Chinese current economic development and needs to be improved and modified. By examining the current legislative situation in China, the provisions on directors’ liability in China are too strict, which seriously affects the directors’ business judgment in favor of the company’s development in the process of business decision making and does not provide the company directors with the protection they deserve, but instead applies a more stringent standard of liability to directors. At present, there is a double lack of statutory exemption system and intentional exemption system for directors’ liability in Chinese corporate legal system, and in the field of practice, there is a misinterpretation of the judgment standard of directors’ liability for diligence, which needs to be clarified. By analyzing the value and function of the director’s liability exemption system, the article seeks ways to solve the problem of director’s liability exemption, protects directors from unfortunate punishment by introducing business judgment rules, reasonably constructs the intentional exemption mechanism of director’s liability, and clarifies the judgment standard of director’s liability for diligence. The director liability exemption system is reasonably constructed so as to improve the corporate governance problem in China and promote the internationalization level of Chinese company law.
Possibilities of using hyperbaric oxygen therapy at different stages of cardiac surgery
Authors: Krylov Vladislav V. , Kolchina Elena Ya.
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, the evolution of cardiac surgery is impossible without a continuous improvement of all the treatment stages. One of the promising ways to achieve this goal is the active use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the preoperative preparation and postoperative rehabilitation. In this review, we present a short history of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy development in cardiac surgery, the pathophysiological and pathobiochemical mechanisms of its therapeutic effect and the scenarios for its use in the preoperative preparation and postoperative rehabilitation of cardiac surgery patients. The introduction of hyperbaric oxygen therapy into cardiac surgery can improve the results of the surgical treatment, as well as reduce the times of the preoperative preparation and postoperative rehabilitation of cardiac surgery patients, that will significantly increase the quality and efficiency of cardiac surgery.
Measles immunity in medical workers in Kazan
Authors: Lokotkova Alla I. , Khasanova Gulshat R. , Mamkeev El'dar Kh. , Latipova Lyasan F. , Karpenko Luiza G.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: The epidemiological situation with measles remains unstable, with periodic increases in morbidity. In the Russian Federation, as well as in other countries, cases of nosocomial infection continue to be registered. Medical workers may be involved in the epidemic process and serve, among other things, as a source of infection for patients.
AIMS: assessment of postvaccinal immunity to measles in medical workers in Kazan during its elimination period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of immunity to measles was conducted in 515 employees of medical institutions in Kazan. 376 medical staff had documented ever-evidence of immunization against measles. Measles class G immunoglobulin levels were determined, specific immunity strength was assessed as a function of age, and time since the last vaccine dose was administered. Relative values (fractions, %) and standard error of the fraction (%) were calculated. A correlation analysis was performed.
RESULTS: The proportion of seropositive medical workers was 81% (95% CI 79.382.7) of all those examined. Those over 50 years of age were the most protected: antibodies were detected in 90.3% (95% CI 85.9694.64) of them. Among the 417 persons with antibodies low level was detected in 60.9% (95% CI 56.1265.68), medium level ― in 34.5% (95% CI 29.8439.16), high level ― only in 4.6% (95% CI 2.546.66) of the examined persons. In all age groups, the share of persons with low levels of protective antibodies was the highest. High level of protective antibodies was registered only in the age groups 4049 years and 50 years and older ― 4.8% (95% CI 0.988.62) and 7% (95% CI 3.2610.74), respectively. Antibody levels correlated inversely with time since vaccination (p 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The results of serologic study of health workers demonstrate insufficient protection of health workers against measles, especially in younger groups. Decreased immunity in vaccinated health workers 10 or more years after immunization necessitates the monitoring of antibody levels in this group and consideration of revaccination.
Interpretation of and alternatives to p-values in biomedical sciences
Authors: Grjibovski Andrej M. , Gvozdeckii Anton N.
Published: June 2022

Existing difficulties in interpretation of the results of statistical analysis have been repeatedly mentioned as one of the factors behind poor reproducibility of research findings in biomedical sciences followed by a series of publications presenting alternatives to improve the situation including a abandonment of p-values and significance testing. In this paper we briefly present the scope of the problem as well as Fischer and NeymanPearson approaches to hypothesis testing. Moreover, we present confidence intervals and effect size calculation as alternatives to dichotomization of the results as significant or not significant using a certain cut-off level. In addition, we summarize the pros and cons of suggestion to change the cut-off value from traditional 0.05 to 0.005. We also present a list of the most common misunderstandings of p-values discussed in international statistical literature.
We conclude the paper with brief recommendations on careful interpretation of the results of statistical analysis to prevent misinterpretation and misuse of p-values in biomedical studies.
Replacement of post-traumatic skin defects in children by tissue stretching with the use of endo-expanders
Authors: Merkulov B. H. , Sokolov O. G.
Published: June 2022

In the clinic for pediatric trauma, CITO, replacement of post-traumatic skin defects by tissue stretching was performed in 11 patients aged 4 to 14 years. 16 expanders were implanted (5 patients with two expanders). Implantation was performed on the lower leg (5 patients), in the projection of the knee joint (2), on the hand, thigh, scalp and in Filatov's stem (one patient each). The area of ​​the replaced cicatricial defects was 20 cm2 on the hand, up to 135 cm2 on the lower leg, and 160 cm2 on the scalp. Preference will be given to double-expander stretching with expanders located on opposite sides of the cicatricial defect. Among the complications, the formation of pressure ulcers of the skin over the valve tube, violation of the tightness of the balloons were noted. Out of 11 patients, the desired result was obtained in 9. The method of tissue stretching with the help of expanders can be used in children to replace post-traumatic defects of the skin of the limbs and scalp.
Fractures of the condyle head of the humerus in children and their treatment
Authors: Stuzhin B. T. , Dorokhin A. I. , Sokolov O. G.
Published: June 2022

The study included 64 children with fractures of the head of the condyle of the humerus. Three groups of patients were identified depending on the ratio of the shoulder condyle head to the radial head. Treatment methods are clearly described for each group. Long-term results tracked in 41 patients indicate the correct choice of treatment methods: the vast majority of children received good and satisfactory results.
Features of the clinical course and treatment of osteosarcoma in children
Authors: Bizer B. A.
Published: June 2022

The clinical course and treatment of osteosarcoma in 500 patients under the age of 16 are analyzed. The features of the disease at the indicated age include early metastasis and significant local spread of the tumor. The average time to detect metastases was 3.3 months. The epiphyseal cartilage plate is not an obstacle to tumor growth. The defeat of the knee joint was found in 65% of patients. The results of the primary amputation are unsatisfactory. Immediate amputation is indicated only in case of intoxication and the impossibility of carrying out combined treatment. In 52% of children, as a result of irradiation, tumor growth stopped. Radiation treatment at a dose of 60-90 Gy was used only in combination with surgery and chemotherapy, which was used before and after surgery and radiation. In connection with the early dissemination and significant spread of the tumor, a two-stage complex treatment was used.At the first stage, chemotherapy and radiation therapy were performed. In case of refusal of the operation or detection of metastases, such treatment became the main and final one. The second stage is a radical operation performed after 3-6 months in the absence of metastases and stabilization of tumor growth. This tactic facilitates the selection of patients for surgical treatment and avoids mutilation in children with an unfavorable course of the disease.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis: problems of nomenclature, diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Minkov M. L. , Rumyantsev A. G.
Published: June 2022

An overview of modern views on the problems of diagnosis and treatment of histiocytosis from Langerhans cells is presented. Criteria for verifying the diagnosis and a complex of mandatory clinical and laboratory examination for this disease, established by the International Society of Histiocytologists, are presented. The clinical manifestations of lesions of various organs and systems are described, taking into account the literature data and our own experience. The indications for therapy and approaches to the choice of the method depending on the form of the disease are discussed.
Impaired mobility of the upper cervical spine in children and adolescents
Authors: Vetrila C. T. , Kolesov C. B.
Published: June 2022

The article is based on the analysis of 185 cases of impaired mobility of the upper cervical spine. A classification of instability and hypomobility of the craniovertebral segment according to the etiological characteristic, mechanism, and severity of mobility impairment has been proposed. Clinical manifestations of instability and hypomobility are described. Clear criteria for diagnostics have been developed using functional radiography of the cervical spine and functional computed tomography of the C1 - C2 and CO - C1 segments. The state of blood circulation in the system of vertebral arteries was studied in this pathology. The indications for surgical and conservative treatment have been clarified.
Epidural block in the prevention of intra- and postoperative traction myelopathy in the correction of spinal deformity
Authors: Ulrich E. V. , Andronnikov V. K. , Ryzhikov Yu. P. , Ulrich G. E.
Published: June 2022

To protect the spinal cord from traction myelopathy during surgical correction of spinal deformities, it is proposed to use an extended epidural block. The developed technique was applied in 34 patients. Myelopathy, subsequently arrested with complete restoration of the function of the lower extremities, occurred in one patient one day after the termination of the epidural block. The article presents the results of studying the epidural patterns of the distribution of solutions of water-soluble drugs in the epidural space in children.
Endoprosthetics of the hip joint in children of senior school age
Authors: Berezhny A. P. , Nuzhdin V. I. , Kotov V. L.
Published: June 2022

The experience of hip arthroplasty in 22 children (23 joints) treated in the Department of Pediatric Bone Pathology and Adolescent Orthopedics of CITO is presented. The main group of operated were children with stage III coxarthrosis due to osteochondrodysplasia (10) and congenital dislocation of the hip (6). The duration of follow-up is from 1 to 23 years. A good result was obtained in 13 cases, satisfactory - in 7. Unsatisfactory results were associated with suppuration (1) and instability of the endoprosthesis (2). The authors see bilateral arthroplasty as a way to normalize the biomechanics of standing and walking in patients with osteochondrodysplasia.
Pathogenetic substantiation of methods for correcting disorders of the neuromuscular apparatus of the lower extremity in children with congenital clubfoot
Authors: Volkov C. E. , Maximov I. A. , Zakharov E. C. , Korostelev L. M. , Trif V. V.
Published: June 2022

Ensuring effective and stable correction of congenital clubfoot remains an urgent task of modern pediatric orthopedics (1, 4, 6, 9). The high frequency of unsatisfactory treatment results for this deformity, according to many researchers [1, 2, 4 - 6, 9], is due to neuromuscular disorders that persist in the outcome of traditional lower limb correction. Insufficient effectiveness of traditional rehabilitation of the neuromuscular apparatus in congenital clubfoot is associated with insufficient pathogenetic substantiation of treatment [1, 6].
Equinoplovalgus deformity of the foot in patients with infantile cerebral palsy and its surgical treatment
Authors: Zhuravlev L. M. , Perkhurova I. S. , Osipov L. I. , Gorchiev B. M.
Published: June 2022

Equinoplansovalgus deformity of the foot, typical for patients with infantile cerebral palsy, is formed due to the simultaneous action of labyrinthine reflexes on the foot and pathological tibial syncytic nezia Strumpel. Osteomyoplasty of the foot root according to A.M. Zhuravlev allows to eliminate all components of the deformity and creates conditions for the irreversibility of the correction. The operation was performed in 97 patients (in 14 - on both sides). The study of long-term results (54 patients) showed a high efficiency of the method: in all cases, an improvement in the shape and function of the foot was achieved.
Clonal analysis of bone marrow stromal cells in multiple exostotic chondrodysplasia and systemic osteoporosis: features of cell cloning efficiency
Authors: Meerson E. M. , Ilyin B. K. , Burdygin B. H. , Rodionova C. C. , Balberkin L. V. , Mitin S. I.
Published: June 2022

We studied the clonal features of bone marrow stromal cells obtained by biopsy of the iliac wing of patients with systemic skeletal diseases: multiple exostotic chondrodysplasia (16 patients) and systemic osteoporosis (24 patients). The proliferative potential of cells was investigated, the main indicator of which is the efficiency of cloning. We analyzed the induction-morphogenetic relationship between the efficiency of cloning and biological inducers contained in the autologous and added suspension of bone marrow cells (the so-called feeder). The rapid growth and proliferation of exostoses in multiple exostotic chondrodysplasia is apparently due to both the increased proliferative activity of the cultured cells themselves, and (especially) the increase in the growth-stimulating effect of the autologous "feeder", which distinguishes fast-growing exostoses from the so-called calm ones, in which the proliferative activity itself cells are increased (but to a lesser extent), and no enhancement of the effect of the autofeed is detected. In systemic osteoporosis, a sharp decrease in the efficiency of cloning of the target cells themselves has been established, which is probably associated with a weakening of their colony-forming properties and / or a decrease in their number in the explanted suspension.
Restoration of the structure and function of the elbow joint by the method of vibro-friction impact
Authors: Shaposhnikov Yu. G. , Volkov M. B. , Elkin A. I. , Prokhorova T. A. , Oganesyan O. V. , Seleznev N. V.
Published: June 2022

For the first time, a method has been developed for arthroplasty of the elbow joint using a hinge-distraction device for external fixation, which allows automatic vibro-frictional action on the articular ends according to a specific algorithm. The complete removal of the degeneratively altered cartilage tissue of the articular ends together with the subchondral plate and the development of movements in the apparatus according to a given algorithm is performed. The method provides restoration of the structure and function of the joint.
Why does the patient fall on the injured leg?
Authors: Belenky V. E. , Kuropatkin G. V.
Published: June 2022

Orthopedist (referring to biomechanics). Help us deal with the patient. This is a young man sent to us from the draft board of the military enlistment office, with complaints of pain in the right hip joint. We do not find anything either clinically or radiographically. Could you help us with the examination of this patient? Is he feigning?
Acute blood loss
Authors: Nazarenko G. I.
Published: June 2022

Acute blood loss is a pathological process consisting in the loss of a part of the volume of circulating blood (BCC) by the body due to bleeding. Depending on the type of damaged vessel, arterial, venous and capillary bleeding is distinguished. The bleeding can be external or internal.
K.P.Schulitz, H. О. Dustmann. Morbus perthes (pertes disease)
Authors: Kutsenok J. B.
Published: June 2022

The authors have been studying Perthes disease for many years. Their first publications on this problem appeared back in 1974. Now, based on an analysis of the world literature, their own experimental studies and a large clinical material (with a follow-up period of up to 25 years), they wrote a major monograph (402 p.) - superbly published, illustrated with many drawings , radiographs, diagrams and tables, with an almost exhaustive list of references (which, unfortunately, does not contain sources in Russian).
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Authors: Kaplan A. V.
Published: June 2022

Putting my archive in order, I came across a thick general notebook, where on the first page it was written in calligraphic handwriting: "Placental blood - search". Leafing through the yellowed pages, I remembered this long story in which I was a participant.
Impact of Dimensions of Brand Equity in Purchasing Financial Products: An Empirical Study on Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited
Authors: Fatema Mohsina , Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Fatema Nazneen
Published: June 2022

This study aims at examining different dimensions of practicality and applications of customer-based brand equity using Aaker’s five-factor model. A structured questionnaire was filled from a sample of 645 actual account holders (customers) of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. Exploratory Factor Analysis is used to investigate the causal relationships among the proposed seven dimensions of brand equity. This paper is surveyed within Dhaka city. Brand Image is found to be the most significant latent variable in the measurement of brand equity dimensions. Brand Association and Brand Loyalty are found to be influential dimensions of brand equity. Weak support for the perceived quality and brand awareness dimensions are identified in this paper.
Dependency of Profitability on Cash Conversion Cycle of Listed Companies: The Case of Engineering and Textile Industries in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Mahabbat , Rahman Tahmina
Published: June 2022

For attaining better performance in manufacturing firms, working capital management plays a  noteworthy role. The study analyzes the impact of the length of the cash conversion cycle on a firm’s profitability, as a performance measure. For this purpose, data of 31 manufacturing firms in the engineering and textile industries are considered which are listed on Dhaka Stock Exchanges. Relevant data have been collected from the audited financial statements published in the annual reports for the year 2011 of the concerned firms. It is suggested that the firms should try to shorten the length of the cash conversion cycle which will increase the profitability of the firms. Among three components of the cash conversion cycle, the account receivable collection period in days is more crucial for manufacturing firms. To increase sales firms should tradeoff between sales and associated risk before offering credit facilities to their customers. Analyses also reveal that listed engineering firms are more profitable than listed textile firms. The study also proves the positive association between the size of a firm and profitability.
Factors Affecting the Efficiency of AIS: An Empirical Study
Authors: Neogy Taposh Kumar
Published: June 2022

An accounting Information System is an information system that identifies, classifies, processes, analyses and produces relevant financial-oriented meaningful information to support decision-making processes for the interested users. Accounting Information Systems is a set of capital and human resources within an organization, which is responsible for the preparation of financial information and also of the information obtained from the collection and process of transaction data. An accounting Information System is essential because it ensures that all levels of management get sufficient, adequate, relevant, and true information for planning and controlling activities of the organization. Adequate accounting information is essential for taking every effective decision-making process. The study shows that size of the company, earnings of the company, availability of trained accountants, internal control systems, the attitude of management, and organizational structure have a great effect on the efficiency of Accounting Information Systems and age of the company, resource of the company and rank of the responsible executive have a moderate effect on the efficiency of Accounting Information Systems of the sample mobile telecommunication companies.
Intellectual Capital as the Determinant of Voluntary Disclosure: A Study on Financial Sector of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Alim Al Ayub
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the impact of intellectual capital disclosure (IC) voluntarily. The empirical research is based on companies listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange. This paper aims to investigate certain factors, which have not previously been presented in the literature, pertaining to intellectual capital performance in the Bangladeshi Banking and Insurance Sectors. An exploration of literature was performed to pick out the associated IC terminology and this examination adopts the scaffold for IC items developed by Bontis (2003). The aims of this study were to identify the determinants and the extent of intellectual capital disclosure among Bangladeshi-listed financial companies. Then disclosure of these terms is examined within the annual reports of the financial year 2011-12 of the selected listed companies. It is exposed that, only 13 terms, out of 39 terms, are disclosed and the average IC disclosure by companies in both sectors leftovers low. The banking sector has performed better than the insurance sector in terms of the number of companies reporting IC terms and an average number of IC terms disclosed by a bank is found higher than that of an insurance company. But statistical outcome shows that there is no significant difference in the mean number of companies disclosing an item of IC and the average number of IC terms disclosed by banking and insurance companies at a 5 percent level of significance.
Evolución jurisprudencial del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación 1991-2019: Del control de legalidad al control de constitucionalidad y convencionalidad
Authors: Maldonado Adán
Published: June 2022

Tanto la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación, mediante las acciones de inconstitucionalidad en materia electoral, como el Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación a través de la Sala Superior y sus Salas regionales al conocer de los medios de impugnación de su competencia, generan jurisprudencia en materia electoral; los efectos de sus resoluciones al declarar la inconstitucionalidad o inconvencionalidad son de inaplicación al caso concreto (inter partes), mientras que las acciones de inconstitucionalidad pueden desplegar efectos generales (erga omnes). Sin embargo, a través de su jurisprudencia (vinculación general) y el uso de sentencias atípicas (interpretativas) ha construido una serie de precedentes que ejercen una influencia indudable en el desarrollo, protección, promoción y garantía de los derechos político-electorales más allá del caso concreto, máxime que su parámetro de control de legalidad ha evolucionado a un parámetro de regularidad de constitucionalidad (bloque de constitucionalidad), como se advierte de su producción jurisprudencial.
La flexibilidad de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos al conceder reparaciones pecuniarias
Authors: Paúl Álvaro
Published: June 2022

La Corte Interamericana concede indemnizaciones, costas y gastos en casi todos los casos que resuelve. Ella ha definido algunas cuestiones básicas sobre tales montos, pero sujeta sus definiciones a excepciones en muchos casos. Este trabajo analiza tales situaciones para demostrar que la Corte Interamericana es suficientemente flexible para responder ante las particularidades que pueden presentar los diferentes casos de los que conoce, como aquellos en que la víctima es un pueblo indígena, o cuando concede ciertos pagos en forma condicionada. También se demuestra que la Corte es capaz de evolucionar conforme aprende de sus propias experiencias en materia de indemnizaciones, costas y gastos, como al incorporar en su jurisprudencia la orden de conceder costas futuras que se generen durante la etapa de supervisión de cumplimiento.