bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of the etiological structure of non-polio enterovirus infection in children in the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods
Authors: Danshina Ekaterina  A. , Mironov Andrey  Yu. , Kuyarov Alexandr  V. , Kuyarov Artem  A. , Suranova Tatiana G.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: Regional features of the etiological structure of nonpolio enterovirus infection (NPEVI) in children in the pre- and post-pandemic periods must be registered.
AIM: To determine the features of the etiological structure of NPEVI in children in the pre- and post-pandemic periods in the KhantyMansiysk Autonomous Okrug.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Statistical observation data for 20132022 and results of molecular genetic studies of the structure of NPEVI in children in the pre- and post-pandemic periods were analyzed.
RESULTS: The tendency of the incidence of NPEVI in the KhantyMansiysk Autonomous Okrug to increase in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic and a predominance of children aged 6 years has been established. In the study period up to 2019 (pre-pandemic), enteroviruses Coxsackie A6 in combination with E A71 were dominant, for which the calculated trends of the short-term forecast were confirmed in 2022. In the same year, these enteroviruses were the most common causes of focal diseases with exanthemic forms of NPEVI. In 2022, the circulation of eight more enteroviruses genovariants was recorded, among which Coxsackie A10 EV prevailed (20.5% of cases), which caused the majority of enterovirus vesicular pharyngitis cases. Enterovirus meningitis was registered in 5 (11.4%) children with the release of ECHO 6, ECHO 9, and Coxsackie A9, which were not noted in other clinical forms and circulated irregularly and in smaller numbers during the pre-pandemic period than in post-pandemic period (2022).
CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the monitoring data of the NPEVI in KhantyMansiysk Autonomous Okrug revealed a trend of a gradual increase in incidence in children, which must be considered when organizing epidemiological surveillance of NPEVI. The completeness of the registration of NPEVI cases with mandatory genotyping of the detected enterovirus strains will allow to more accurately determine the spectrum of strains endemic to this territory, assess the probability of their spread, forecast about the true level of morbidity, and conduct appropriate scientifically based antiepidemic and preventive measures among children with NPEVI in KhantyMansiysk Autonomous Okrug.
Influence of certain factors on adherence to treatment in glaucoma patients in clinical practice
Authors: Malyshev Alexey V. , Apostolova Anastasiya S. , Sergienko Aleksey A. , Teshev Adam F. , Karapetov Garry Y. , Ashhamahova Marina K. , Midaev Umar I.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: Up to 80% of patients do not comply with the treatment regimen, and this leads to the progression of the disease.
AIM: The aim of this study is the analysis of adherence to treatment based on a questionnaire survey of glaucoma patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 139 patients with glaucoma were questioned. The mean age was 67.19 0.84 years, 63.3% were women, 36.7% were men. 73.4% were city residents, 26.6% village residents. 26% were diagnosed less than a year before, 34.5% 15 years before, 39.5% 5 years or more before. 47.5% received only medical therapy, the rest had a history of surgery as well. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the standard statistical analysis software package SPSS Statistics 16.0. The parameters with a normal distribution were presented as M m, where M is the mean value, m is the standard error of the mean.
RESULTS: On average, patients received 2.1 0.08 molecules in 1.64 0.06 vials. 48% of patients did not observe the frequency of visits to the ophthalmologist. Violation of adherence was present in 40.5% of cases, the main reason was forgetfulness (51%), 24.5% did not buy the medication on time, discomfort on instillation was reported in 7% of cases, systemic side effects in 3.5%, other reasons in 14%. Adherence does not depend on the duration of glaucoma, the number of vials, the place of residence. Contraindications to the prescription of -blockers were present in 30% of cases.
CONCLUSIONS: The study has confirmed that nearly half of patients are non-adherent to treatment due to forgetfulness.
Efficacy of micropulse cyclophotocoagulation in acute angle-closure glaucoma
Authors: Kolenko Oleg V.  , Postupaeva Natalia V. , Postupaev Alexey V. , Sorokin Evgenii L.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: An improved technique of cyclophotocoagulation appeared cyclophotocoagulation in micropulse mode with splitting of the continuous stream of laser energy into short micropulse series with intervals.
AIM: The aim of the study is to clinically evaluate the efficacy and the safety of micropulse cyclophotocoagulation for acute angle-closure glaucoma jugulation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study, 14 patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma with 37 days duration were included. The mean intraocular pressure was 35.1 2.4 mm Hg against the background of hypotensive therapy, best corrected visual acuity was from 0.005 to 0.3. All patients on admission underwent laser iridotomy, consistent peripheral colobomas of the iris were obtained. On the following day, taking into account the intraocular pressure level of 3036 mm Hg against the background of hypotensive therapy, all patients underwent micropulse cyclophotocoagulation with Cyclo G6 Glaucoma Laser System (USA).
RESULTS: After surgery, there were no complications noted. The pain syndrome was completely eliminated in all patients on the first day after the procedure. Intraocular pressure decreased in average to 18.1 2.8 mm Hg. Within 318 months after micropulse cyclophotocoagulation, phacoemulsification was performed in 9 eyes. During the 2 years of the follow-up period, intraocular pressure in all eyes remained normal, from 16 to 23 mm Hg, best-corrected visual acuity varied from 0.4 to 0.9.
CONCLUSIONS: Cyclophotocoagulation in micropulse mode allowed an effective and safe lowering of intraocular pressure to normal values in all eyes with acute angle-closure glaucoma; this provided pain relief and preservation of visual functions during the follow-up period up to 2 years.
The efficacy of local glucocorticosteroid therapy in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Antonov Vladimir A. , Tultseva Svetlana N. , Astakhov Sergey Y. , Grigoryeva Nurguyana N.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is the second most common optic neuropathy after glaucoma. The effectiveness of the glucocorticosteroid therapy use for the non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy treatment remains a subject of debate. Currently, the search for markers of the diseases therapeutic window is under way.
AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of local glucocorticosteroid therapy as an emergency care for non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 41 patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy were enrolled in the study. To evaluate optic nerve head and macula morphometric characteristics, optical coherence tomography was performed, additionally, diameters of arteries and veins were assessed at 4 vascular arcades. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of intraretinal fluid. The first (main) group consisted of 23 patients with intraretinal fluid, in the second (control) group 18 patients without intraretinal fluid were included. The first group was further divided into two subgroups according to the medical aid recourse periods up to 5 days, and from 6 to 21 days (subgroup 1 9 patients, subgroup 2 14 patients).
RESULTS: Correlations between the dynamics of optic nerve head edema changes and the caliber of arteries (negative correlation) and that of veins (positive correlation) were revealed. Sub-tenon injection of long-acting glucocorticosteroid did not lead to morpho-functional improvement in first group patients. Local short-acting glucocorticosteroid therapy accomplished in the acute period of the disease made it possible to achieve an improvement in best corrected visual acuity during the first month in group 1 patients without any further worsening of it.
CONCLUSIONS: When providing emergency care to patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy during the first 5 days from the disease onset, the local use of glucocorticosteroid therapy is advisable.
Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Sleep Apnoea
Authors: Pengo Martino F ,   Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy,   Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy, Maiolino Giuseppe ,   Department of Medicine - DIMED, Clinica Medica 3, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Published: July 2023

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with reduced quality of life and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The cornerstone parameter for diagnosing and assessing disease severity is the apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI); however, this index is insufficient for capturing the complexity of the disease. This is because AHI is poorly correlated to some of the major symptoms of OSA, excessive daytime sleepiness and risk of cardiovascular events. Thus, new and more personalized approaches, such as cluster analysis, are currently under investigation to better define individual patient risk of complications and optimize treatment benefits.
Complicaciones arteriales trombóticas en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en un hospital regional de Paraguay
Authors: Matheus Baez Abraham , Ríos-González Carlos Miguel
Published: July 2023

Introducción: aunque la insuficiencia respiratoria sigue siendo el hito y la principal causa de muerte de la COVID-19 moderada o grave, se han notificado varias complicaciones cardiovasculares y numerosos casos de enfermedad tromboembólica. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de las complicaciones arteriales trombóticas en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en un hospital regional de Paraguay durante el 2020. Métodos: estudio fue cuantitativo, observacional y descriptivo con componente analítico que incluyo a los pacientes con el diagnostico de COVID-19 confirmado por PCR o serología IgM-IgG que fueron internados en el Hospital Regional, seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Resultados: de 282 fichas clínicas, el 71 % correspondía al sexo masculino con una mediana de edad de 60 años (P25=31 P75=65). El 88 % de los pacientes presento una complicación arterial trombótica, en donde el valor laboratorial más alterado fue el PCR en un 95 %. La asociación entre las variables de comorbilidad (Enfermedad Arterial Periférica, EPOC, Enfermedad Coronaria, Ictus) y prevalencia de complicaciones arteriales trombóticas y así también el Dímero D (17671,01±22356,21), arrojo un resultado estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: la alta tasa de complicaciones arteriales trombóticas en pacientes con COVID-19 es alarmante, además de la asociación del Dímero D y las comorbilidades con las complicaciones arteriales marca el norte del futuro del pronóstico de los mismos.
Abordaje quirúrgico del hueco poplíteo
Authors: Ojeda Fiore Hugo , Arias Penayo Daniel
Published: July 2023

El leiomiosarcoma de bajo grado es una neoplasia poco común en el hueco y su abordaje terapéutico sigue siendo un desafío. La elección de una cirugía compartimental, basada en los elementos anatómicos de esta región, se mostró como una estrategia efectiva para abordar el tumor de partes blandas, preservando la integridad de las estructuras neurovasculares. Los resultados obtenidos respaldan la viabilidad de la cirugía compartimental en el tratamiento de leiomiosarcomas de bajo grado en el hueco poplíteo, lo cual puede guiar futuras decisiones terapéuticas y mejorar los resultados clínicos en pacientes con condiciones similares.
Freshwater Malacofauna and Distribution of Trabzon, Türkiye
Authors: Kara Cemil , Bozali Nuri , Gürlek Mustafa Emre
Published: July 2023

In this study, freshwater molluscs and their zoogeographical distributions in Trabzon were investigated. During the period of June-December 2021, samples were collected from 38 freshwater river localities. From the study area, Ancylus fluviatilis from Gastropoda class, Planorbidae family, non-native species Physella acuta from Physidae family, and Dreissena polymorpha from Bivalvia class and Dreissenidae family were identified. While A. fluviatilis specimens were found from all freshwater systems in Trabzon region, the non native P. acuta could be identified from Fol Stream, Yıldızlı Stream, Sera Lake and Manahoz River. Empty shells belonging to the D. polymorpha species were identified from the area where Çatalzeytin Stream joins the sea. P. acuta and D. polymorpha are new records for the freshwater streams of Trabzon region.
Verification of Roche reference ranges for serum prolactin in children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly
Authors: Ilardo Claudio , Coulon Guillaume , Ehrhard Yoann , Barthes Joel
Published: July 2023

Reference intervals (RIs) for prolactin are of high clinical importance for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of hypothalamic-pituitary disorders. The aim of this study was to verify the Roche reference ranges for serum prolactin in children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly.

: An indirect method based on currently laboratory data was used on the reference ranges. Nine thousand one hundred and thirteen prolactin results were included. Pregnancy, lactation, exercise and reported pathologies were ruled out and only samples were collected between 8AM and 12PM were used. Reference ranges with a confidence interval of 95% (95% CI) were estimated.

: Compared to the manufacturer's reference values and for the corresponding age group, the median values obtained in our study were 10 – 60% higher depending on the age and sex of the patients. Elevated levels of serum prolactin were observed in the neonatal period and values decrease until median values near 200 mUI/L in childhood. During the children's period, no gender differences were observed for prolactin level. The gender difference in prolactin levels became significant from pre-adolescence until the age of 60. Prolactin levels increased significantly (p<0.001) between children and young adults, followed by a gradual and continuous decrease until young senior age.

: The prolactin reference values proposed by the manufacturer in the data sheet appeared unsuitable. Laboratories should review reference ranges, and a partitioning with sex and different age groups may be appropriate.
Realismo ingenuo
Authors: Cruz Gabriel Nicolás
Published: July 2023

En este artículo se elabora una defensa del realismo ingenuo como teoría de la percepción. Se parte de mostrar que abandonar esta posición y optar por teorias alternativas se debe a admitir que hay un gap indisoluble entre los contenidos de la percepción y cómo son las cosas en el mundo. Con esto planteado, se sostiene que la plausibilidad de dicho gap tiene como presupuestos: a) Un mundo y una mente ontológicamente independientes el uno del otro, b) El carácter pasivo de la percepción, y c) La existencia de una esencia o carácter nouménico de los objetos. Posteriormente, se muestra cómo reemplazando los presupuestos a) y b) por una aproximación corporizada, situada y activa de la percepción, dicho gap pierde plausibilidad. Por último, se ataca el presupuesto c) para completar la defensa del realismo ingenuo, y se explica la peculiaridad del realismo aceptado aquí, en tanto que no admite puntos de vista puros ni conocimiento de esencias, sino que se basa en el mismo carácter limitado del conocimiento humano.
mito y la imagen construida de la mujer en la poesía de Rosario Castellanos
Authors: Paredes Guerra Viviana
Published: July 2023

El mito como instrumento de poder sobre la imagen de la mujer es una de las problemáticas que Rosario Castellanos, poeta mexicana feminista, explora en su obra poética Poesía no eres tú. Específicamente en sus últimos trabajos (En la tierra de en medio, Otros poemas y Viaje redondo), a los cuales la poeta reconoce como sus obras más maduras y completas, se plantea el rechazo de la imagen mitificada de la mujer con el objetivo de recrear una identidad propia, un verdadero modo de ser. Sin embargo, ¿cuáles son los mitos construidos sobre la mujer que la han distanciado de su condición humana? y ¿cómo subvertir las definiciones de la feminidad y crear una imagen auténtica? En este trabajo se analizan los conceptos que utiliza Castellanos para afirmar cómo se ha construido a la mujer como un mito en la literatura, al igual que cómo ha solucionado esta problemática por medio de la consciencia y la destrucción de las representaciones sobre la belleza y la feminidad para que la mujer pueda construir su propia identidad desmitificada.
Opinión e idea en Platón: la importancia de la enseñanza de la filosofía y del filosofar
Authors: Cajicá-Zambrano Cristiam Fernando , Dionicio-Lozano Milton Fernando , Acevedo-Tarazona Álvaro
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar críticamente los conceptos de “opinión” (δόξα) e “idea” (ἰδέα) a la luz de la República de Platón y la influencia de estos en la educación básica media y media vocacional. Se parte de un trabajo mancomunado entre la enseñanza de la Filosofía y el filosofar. Un primer apartado alude al concepto de opinión como camino inicial que exhorta al estudiante a un estudio crítico-reflexivo de los problemas propios del Estado (Polis). El segundo hace énfasis en el concepto de idea como vía para el análisis y la comprensión de las dificultades que acontecen en el Estado (Polis). El último apartado expone la importancia de la enseñanza de la Filosofía y del filosofar en el quehacer educativo. Para ello, se recurre a la interpretación de algunos diálogos de Platón y a textos de investigación relevantes en el campo de la enseñanza de la Filosofía y la pedagogía.
Pensar la muerte (y reírse de ella). El discurso de Heracles (773-802) en Alcestis de Eurípides
Authors: Rivera-Pardo Juan Felipe
Published: July 2023

Uno de los principales debates en torno a la Alcestis de Eurípides es su clasificación dramática, pues a pesar de ser representada en el lugar que habría ocupado un drama satírico, no tiene elementos característicos de dicho género, como el coro compuesto de sátiros, pero sí posee características propias de la tragedia (estructura, temáticas), a la vez que tiene un final feliz al modo de la comedia. Como lo apunta Voelke (2015), la esencia del encuentro entre tragedia y drama satírico en Alcestis yace en la confrontación de la vida y la muerte a partir de la cual se estructura la obra. Uno de los elementos en los que se condensa dicha confrontación es el discurso de Heracles sobre la muerte (773-802), el cual parece estar atravesado por una visión filosófica sobre la muerte. Sin embargo, es pronunciado en medio de la ebriedad. Heracles mismo es un personaje ambiguo que se desenvuelve en la tragedia como en la comedia, tanto así que puede ser considerado como un equivalente de Dionisio. Por tanto, aquí quisiéramos explorar en qué medida, a partir de esa confluencia de elementos satíricos y trágicos, es posible encontrar una concepción de la muerte en el discurso de Heracles.
Hannah Arendt: la desobediencia civil como expresión de la libertad política en tiempos de oscuridad
Authors: Leal-Granobles Yuliana
Published: July 2023

El objetivo de este ensayo es analizar las reflexiones arendtianas sobre la desobediencia civil. Según Arendt, la desobediencia civil no se puede confundir con la objeción de consciencia. En el contexto específico de la República Americana, es una acción política colectiva que es compatible con el espíritu de las leyes constitucionales, dado que los ciudadanos pueden hacer valer su libertad de disentimiento frente a medidas injustas tomadas por el gobierno de turno. De esta manera, para Arendt, la desobediencia civil promueve la creación de un espacio público para el ejercicio de la libertad ciudadana ante los peligros de despolitización contenidos en agendas gubernamentales que buscan satisfacer los intereses de ciertos partidos políticos y grupos de presión. Desde esta perspectiva, se intenta explicar cómo este tipo de acción reafirma el poder de la ciudadanía y rompe con el conformismo social al inaugurar espacios públicos de participación directa que revitalizan la vida política en el contexto de democracias en crisis.
Wittgenstein contra Russell en el Cuaderno Azul. Deconstruyendo la explicación causal del significado
Authors: Chica-Pérez Víctor Hugo
Published: July 2023

Este artículo evalúa los alcances del Cuaderno Azul como crítica sistemática en contra de la que se ha denominado una concepción o explicación causal del significado, específicamente la que formula Russell en The Analysis of Mind. Tal evaluación procederá, primero, aclarando la manera como la concepción causal defiende una noción de significado entendida como la conducta adecuada según el acontecer de leyes causales de orden psicológico. En segundo lugar, desarrollando la crítica que Wittgenstein elabora en el Cuaderno Azul contra la concepción russelliana en tres momentos: 1) la crítica a la hipótesis de las imágenes; 2) el rechazo a la existencia de un proceso interno y oculto; 3) el abandono de una noción psicológica de comprensión para explicar el concepto de significado. Finalmente se aclarará de qué manera toda la crítica del Cuaderno Azul está orientada a debilitar la pretensión que subyace a la explicación causal de explicar científicamente el concepto de significado.
Editorial. Videojuegos: un reto para la filosofía
Authors: Maldonado-Serrano Jorge Francisco , Cáceres-Rojas Paul
Published: July 2023

Las diferentes filosofías de la existencia durante el siglo XX, giraron el lente de la filosofía para enfocar problemáticas de la cotidianidad. En parte, se trataba de un cambio respecto de los intereses filosóficos de grandes sistemas que, con ciertas metodologías en armonía con su objeto, se enfocaban en un resultado universal, abstracto y omniabarcante: la historicidad, lo absoluto o el espíritu, la conciencia, la religión, el capitalismo, la historia, la fundamentación del conocimiento científico o matemático, por enumerar los más reconocidos.
sguardo sul mondo della Fiera Letteraria
Authors: Gennaro Rosario
Published: July 2023

"La Fiera Letteraria" is one of the most popular literary journals of the fascist era. It is not addressed to specialists or professional readers. It has a very eclectic setting. It gives place to different tendencies. It offers a wide and various limelight of the literary landscape. “La Fiera” tends to inform more than to form, to represent rather than elaborate. It is mainly a gazette, a chronicle of what moves and happens in the literary world, reflecting all different positions. This paper investigates the link between “La fiera” and the fascist regime, starting at that time its cultural politics. This was based on the role that intellectuals could play as creators and diffusers of a popular Italian culture, both at home and abroad, through journal, conferences, expositions and all sorts of cultural events. This policy was driven by a dual mission: the internal conquest (the creation of a new fascist Italian); the external conquest, also called "spiritual imperialism" (the use of myths and ideas, disseminated abroad, to promote Italian cultural identity, interests, influence, and hegemony). This involved the problem of the relationship between the Italian and the world culture, a huge topic that fell fully within the perimeter beaten by the "Fiera", which was very attentive to various foreign cultures, particularly to literature.
Giorgio Vasari als overgangsfiguur?
Authors: Van Veen Henk Th.
Published: July 2023

Bespreking van: Laura Overpelt, ‘By a Single Painter’. The Organization and Representation of Giorgio Vasari’s Decorative Projects in the Palazzo Vecchio. Dissertatie Open Universiteit, 2022, 2 vols, 464 en 428 p., ISBN 9789464217063.
О прилагательных матур «красивый» и йәмһеҙ «некрасивый» в башкирском языке
Authors: Исянгулова Г.А , Акилова М.Ф , Бердимуратова М.А.
Published: July 2023

Данная статья посвящена изучению семантических особенностей слов матур «красивый» и йәмһеҙ «некрасивый» в башкирском языке, так как данные лексические единицы играют определенную роль в ценностно-эстетической картине мира башкирского народа.
Алгоритм машинного перевода английских модальных глаголов на русский язык в системе «Google Translate»
Authors: Хакимова Р.Б.
Published: July 2023

Данная статья нацелена на изучение возможностей современной системы машинного перевода. Исследование описывает алгоритмы автоматического перевода, основанного на лингвистическом анализе, а также перевод модальных глаголов английского языка с использованием всем известной веб-службы «Google Translate».
Операции РЕПО с Банком России и участие в них долговых обязательств государства
Authors: Демильханова Б.А.
Published: July 2023

В статье отражены объемы операций Банка России с ценными бумагами, осуществляемые в целях получения дохода, предупреждения банкротства финансовых организаций и обеспечения необходимой рублевой ликвидностью. Установлено, что операции РЕПО с долговыми обязательствами государства - эффективный инструмент современной денежно-кредитной политики, с помощью которого создаются условия для сохранения финансовой стабильности и обеспечения финансового рынка сбалансированной ликвидностью
Аукционы государственных ценных бумаг и их результаты
Authors: Демильханова Б.А.
Published: July 2023

В статье отражено состояние первичного рынка государственного долга посредством анализа его основных индикаторов – цены отсечения, средневзвешенной цены и уровней доходности к погашению, рассчитанных по соответствующим ценам. Данные индикаторы сгруппированы по максимальным и минимальным значениям. По результатам оценки степени влияния инфляции на годовую доходность облигаций федерального займа установлено, что долговые обязательства государства не могут рассматриваться как инструменты сбережения и преумножения средств.
Роль и место муниципальных образований в управлении социальной сферой
Authors: Дохкильгова Д.М., , Дикаева Х.М.
Published: July 2023

Общественная сфера требует точного и активного сотрудничества государственной власти и муниципалитета. Целью такого взаимодействия становится обеспечение интересов граждан. В качестве исследовательской задачи авторам была определена попытка оценить роль и место муниципалитетов в управлении социальной сферой. Подчеркивается, что наряду с влиянием направленности и конкретных организационно-экономических механизмов реализации федеральной государственной политики по отношению к муниципальному уровню, следует отметить, что важнейшим условием обеспечения эффективности развития социальной сферы муниципального образования выступает кадровый потенциал муниципального управления
Отечественный и зарубежный опыт развития ранней предпринимательской активности
Authors: Егоров А.А.
Published: July 2023

Целью исследования является выявление направлений развития ранней предпринимательской активности в России. В статье изучены показатели 43 стран мира по индексу ранней предпринимательской активности, определены основные проблемы развития предпринимательства в России и меры по их устранению.
Оценка эффективности инновационно-инвестиционных проектов в жилищном строительстве
Authors: Жилюнов А.С.
Published: July 2023

В статье описаны особенности оценки эффективности инновационно-инвестиционных проектов. Раскрыто содержание, объект, предмет, цели оценки эффективности инновационноинвестиционных проектов жилищного строительства, особое внимание уделено задачам. В заключении сделаны выводы о необходимости и важности проведения такого рода проверки с позиции всех участников, в том числе государства, застройщиков, банков и населения
Реализация мусорной реформы на территории Ленинградской области. Что изменилось за 2 года
Authors: Котвицкая Ю.Е.
Published: July 2023

Статья посвящена вопросам реализации «мусорной реформы» на территории Ленинградской области, а также проблемам, с организацией бесперебойной работы регионального оператора по обращению с отходами. В статье приведены результаты работы регионального оператора за 2 года. Сделан вывод о необходимости обеспечить четкий контроль за сбором и транспортировкой ТКО до объектов обработки и размещения, об увеличении доли перерабатываемых отходов за счет организации системы придомового раздельного сбора
Оценка и анализ особенностей ведения бухгалтерского учета в строительной сфере
Authors: Кудряшова А.Н
Published: July 2023

Цель представленной статьи – провести оценку и анализ особенностей бухгалтерского учета в строительно - монтажных организациях. Актуальность представленного исследования заключается в необходимости проведения систематического исследования в различных областях и направлениях бухгалтерского учета, учитывая его модернизацию и изменения. Метод исследования – анализ научной литературы по заданной проблеме, а также практического отечественного опыта. В качестве ключевых результатов статьи можно выделить тот факт, что в современных условиях бухгалтерский учет в строительно - монтажных организациях представляет собой целостную, грамотно работающую систему.
Факторы производительности труда на предприятии и пути ее повышения
Authors: Егорова Р.Р
Published: July 2023

В этой статье рассматриваются факторы производительности труда на предприятии и пути ее повышения. Производительность труда - это показатель, характеризующий эффективность труда. Производительность труда измеряется количеством продукции, произведенной работниками за единицу времени. Обратная величина - трудоемкость - измеряется временем, затраченным на единицу продукции
THE CONCEPT OF «THE OTHERWISE» IN ANCIENT MYTHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS: IMAGINATION AND ROLE IN CULTURE
Authors: Sumchenko Irina
Published: July 2023

The article explores conceptions of the afterworld in the archaic period and in the cultures of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and ancient Greece. The diversity and common features of the afterlife in these cultures are analyzed, with a focus on the role and significance of the concept of the «otherworld» in their respective cultural contexts. The importance of interpretations of mythological narratives and religious rituals in shaping conceptions of the afterlife is revealed. In particular, special attention is given to the role of funerary practices in the formation of these beliefs.
Ideas about the afterlife didn’t arise immediately, but only at a certain level of development of primitive culture. In the simplest ideas about the world of the dead, the stay of the soul was associated with the places of its vital activity, or, conversely, with deserted places. At this stage of development, the afterlife was perceived as a continuation of earthly life.
Completely different ideas emerged in the civilizations of the ancient world. The afterlife was portrayed as a distant reality that contrasted with the world of the living. Various conceptions of postmortem existence and a differentiated realm beyond arose, giving birth to different spheres within them. In the Mesopotamian culture, this differentiation was just beginning; Egyptian mythology developed the teachings of the Fields of Ialu and had a less developed concept of the Duat; Greek mythology introduced the division between Hades and Elysium (the Elysian Fields) and Tartarus. Thus, the concept of the afterlife encompassed not only a belief in postmortem existence but also a system of values, rituals, and perspectives that influenced all aspects of life for ancient peoples and civilizations.
Applying Risk-Taking in Islamic Banking and Finance from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence
Authors: Abdul Khir Mohamed Fairooz , Mohamed Ismail
Published: July 2023

Islamic financial Institutions are expected to take considerable business risks when earning from their financial dealings. The objective of this study is to clarify the concept of risk in Islamic commercial financial transactions from the fiqhi (or Islamic Jurisprudence) perspective and analytically evaluate the selected three issues having place in the practice of Islamic finance based on the concept of risk taking maintained by Islamic fiqh. This is desk-based research where data has been collected from various sources such as classical fiqh books, regulators’ policy documents and guidelines, and journal articles. This study employed mixed methods of literature review and qualitative content analysis to analyze the data critically in search of assertive findings. The study revealed the issues relating to risk-taking behaviour of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) as, amongst others, charging the cost of the fund on defaulting customers, holding the lessee liable for the total loss of leased assets under Ijārah Thumma al-Bay’(AITAB) and capital guarantee under Mushārakah based instruments. This study suggests that Institutions facilitating Islamic financial instruments shall have to evaluate the business risk based on their subjects namely (i) property (māl) and (ii) work (ʿamal) in ensuring the fulfilment of Shariah principles and expected risk-taking concept embedded in contracts or instruments without diverting them. Analysis of the selected cases in this research identified that when risk-taking principle is breached, the prohibited elements, such as Ribā, Gharar and Maysir, do arise and that they impede the realization of the Maqāṣid al-Shariah intended for Islamic financial contracts. This research would allow the Shariah scholars and legal authorities in the Islamic financial industry to extend their knowledge on issues in the practice of Islamic finance pertaining to risk-taking behaviours that are expected by the IFIs.
Genetic polymorphism of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit loci in bread wheat varieties in the Pre-Ural steppe zone
Authors: Galimova A. A. , Kuluev A. R. , Ismagilov K. R. , Kuluev B. R.
Published: July 2023

High-molecular-weight glutenins play an important role in providing high baking qualities of bread wheat grain. However, breeding bread wheat for this trait is very laborious and, therefore, the genotyping of variety samples according to the allelic composition of high-molecular-weight glutenin genes is of great interest. The aim of the study was to determine the composition of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits based on the identification of the allelic composition of the Glu-1 genes, as well as to identify the frequency of the Glu-1 alleles in bread wheat cultivars that are in breeding work under the conditions of the Pre-Ural steppe zone (PSZ). We analyzed 26 winter and 22 spring bread wheat varieties from the PSZ and 27 winter and 20 spring varieties from the VIR collection. Genotyping at the Glu-A1 locus showed that the Ax1 subunits are most common in winter varieties, while the predominance of the Ax2* subunits was typical of spring varieties and lines. In the Glu-B1 locus, the predominance of alleles associated with the production of the Bx7 and By9 subunits was revealed for both winter and spring varieties. In the case of the Glu-D1 gene, for all the wheat groups studied, the composition of the Dx5+Dy10 subunits was the most common: in 92.3 % of winter and 68.2 % of spring PSZ accessions and in 80 % of winter and 55 % of spring VIR accessions. The analysis of genotypes showed the presence of 13 different allelic combinations of the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1 genes in the PSZ varieties, and 19 combinations in the VIR varieties. The b b/al/с d allelic combination (Ax2* Вх7+Ву8/8*/9 Dx5+Dy10) turned out to be the most common for the PSZ spring varieties and lines, while for the PSZ winter accessions it was a с d (Ax1 Вх7+By9 Dx5+Dy10); the b с a and b с d genotypes (Ax2* Вх7+Ву9 Dx2+Dy12 and Ax2* Вх7+Ву9 Dx5+Dy10, respectively) occur with equal frequency among the VIR spring accessions; in the group of VIR winter varieties, the combination of the a b/   al d alleles (Ax1 Вх7+Ву8/8* Dx5+Dy10) prevails. The most preferred combination of alleles for baking qualities was found in the spring variety ‘Ekaterina’ and winter varieties ‘Tarasovskaya 97’, ‘Volzhskaya S3’, as well as in lines k-58164, L43510, L43709, L-67, L-83, which are recommended for further breeding programs to improve and preserve baking qualities in the conditions of the Pre-Ural steppe zone.
Creation and study of emmer (Triticum dicoccum) × triticale hybrids
Authors: Silkova O. G. , Ivanova Y. N. , Stepochkin P. I.
Published: July 2023

Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) is of great interest as an insurance crop that can ensure the stability of the gross harvest of feed and food grains at a lower cost. In Western Siberia, only winter triticale varieties are cultivated, however, spring triticales are important for cultivation in regions not suitable for winter crops. To create spring varie ties with high yields and good grain quality, it is necessary to study and enrich the gene pool, identify donors of economically valuable traits. One of the possible ways to solve this problem can be through the production of secondary hexaploid triticales with the involvement of the tetraploid wild-growing species of emmer wheat Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl. The aim of this work was to create and study hybrids of emmer T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl. with hexaploid triticale using genomic in situ hybridization for staining of meiotic chromosomes and analysis of plant productivity elements in F4–F8. DT4, DT5, DT6 plants and the prebreeding F6 forms obtained from them – DT 4/168, DT 5/176 and DT 6/186 – were selected according to the characteristics of the productivity and the nature of the grain in the F4 hybrid population. The offspring of hybrids DT4 and DT5 and prebreeding forms DT 4/168 and DT 5/176 had an increased grain nature (over 750 g/l), but low productivity. The hybrid DT6 and the breeding form DT 6/186 obtained from it had high grain productivity (785 ± 41 and 822 ± 74 g/m2, respectively), but, like the paternal form of triticale UK 30/33, had a reduced nature of the grain. In F8 DT 6/186 plants, 7 homologous pairs of rye chromosomes and from 27 to 30 wheat chromosomes were found in meiosis, which indicates the presence of a complete rye genome and two wheat ААВВ genomes. Rye chromosomes showed stable formation of bivalents in contrast to wheat chromosomes, which caused the presence of aneuploids in plant populations. Thus, hexaploid forms DT 4/168 and DT 5/176 with well-made smooth grain and high grain size were obtained, which can be used as a source of this trait for selection of food-grade triticale. DT 6/186 is a promising form for further breeding in order to obtain high-yielding forms of triticale.
Studying sex differences in responses to fibroblast growth factor 21 administration in obese mice consuming a sweet-fat diet
Authors: Bazhan N. М. , Jakovleva T. V. , Kazantseva A. Yu. , Kostina N. E. , Orlov P. E. , Balybina N. Yu. , Baranov K. О. , Makarova E. N.
Published: July 2023

In animals, obesity caused by consumption of a sweet-fat diet (SFD) is the most adequate mouse model of human diet-induced obesity. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) reduces body weight, beneficially affects taste preferences, and corrects glucose metabolism in obese mice. Sex is known to influence FGF21 effects in different models of diet-induced and hereditary obesity. In mice with SFD-induced obesity, the effects of FGF21 have been studied only in males. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of FGF21 on body weight, food preferences and glucose and lipid metabolism in C57Bl/6J male and female mice with SFD-induced obesity. Mice were fed with a diet consisting of standard chow, lard and cookies for 10 weeks, then they were injected with FGF21 (1 mg per 1 kg) or vehicle for 7 days. Body weight, weights of different types of food, blood parameters, glucose tolerance, gene and protein expression in the liver, gene expression in the white, brown adipose tissues, and the hypothalamus were assessed. FGF21 administration reduced body weight, did not alter total energy consumption, and activated orexigenic pathways of hypothalamus in mice of both sexes. However, sex dimorphism was found in the realization of the orexigenic FGF21 action at the transcriptional level in the hypothalamus. Metabolic effects of FGF21 were also sex-specific. Only in males, FGF21 exerted beneficial antidiabetic action: it reduced fatty acid and leptin plasma levels, improved glucose-tolerance, and upregulated hepatic expression of Ppargc1, Fasn, Accα, involved in lipid turnover, gene Insr and protein glucokinase, involved in insulin action. Only in obese females, FGF21 induced preference of standard diet to sweet food. Thus, in mouse model of obesity induced by consumption of a sweet-fat diet, the catabolic effect of FGF21 was not sex-specific and hormonal, transcriptional and behavioral effects of FGF21 were sex-specific. These data suggest elaboration of different approaches to use FGF21 analogs for correction of metabolic consequences of obesity in different sexes.
Genetic methods in honey bee breeding
Authors: Kaskinova M. D. , Salikhova A. M. , Gaifullina L. R. , Saltykova E. S.
Published: July 2023

The honey bee Apis mellifera is a rather difficult object for selection due to the peculiarities of its biology. Breeding activities in beekeeping are aimed at obtaining bee colonies with high rates of economically useful traits, such as productivity, resistance to low temperatures and diseases, hygienic behavior, oviposition of the queen, etc. With two apiaries specializing in the breeding of A. m. mellifera and A. m. carnica as examples, the application of genetic methods in the selection of honey bees is considered. The first stage of the work was subspecies identification based on the analysis of the polymorphism of the intergenic mtDNA locus tRNAleu-COII (or COI-COII) and microsatellite nuclear DNA loci Ap243, 4a110, A24, A8, A43, A113, A88, Ap049, A28. This analysis confirmed that the studied colonies correspond to the declared subspecies. In the apiary with A. m. mellifera, hybrid colonies have been identified. A method based on the analysis of polymorphisms of the tRNAleu-COII locus and microsatellite nuclear DNA loci has been developed to identify the dark forest bee A. m. mellifera and does not allow one to differentiate subspecies from C (A. m. carnica and A. m. ligustica) and O (A. m. caucasica) evolutionary lineages from each other. The second stage was the assessment of the allelic diversity of the csd gene. In the apiary containing colonies of A. m. mellifera (N = 15), 20 csd alleles were identified. In the apiary containing colonies of A. m. carnica (N = 44), 41 alleles were identified. Six alleles are shared by both apiaries. DNA diagnostics of bee diseases showed that the studied colonies are healthy. Based on the data obtained, a scheme was developed for obtaining primary material for honey bee breeding, which can subsequently be subjected to selection according to economically useful traits. In addition, the annual assessment of the allelic diversity of the csd gene will shed light on the frequency of formation of new allelic variants and other issues related to the evolution of this gene.
The effect of thioredoxin and prochymosin coexpression on the refolding of recombinant alpaca chymosin
Authors: Belenkaya S. V. , Shcherbakov D. N. , Chapoval A. I. , Esina T. I. , Elchaninov V. V.
Published: July 2023

The milk-clotting enzyme chymosin is a member of the group of aspartate proteinases. Chymosin is the main component of rennet traditionally obtained from the stomachs of dairy calves and widely used to coagulate milk in the production of various types of cheese. Another source of chymosin, which does not require the killing of animals, is based on recombinant DNA technology. Recombinant alpaca chymosin has a number of valuable technological properties that make it attractive for use in cheese-making as an alternative to recombinant bovine chymosin. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of coexpression of thioredoxin and prochymosin on the refolding of the recombinant zymogen and the activity of alpaca chymosin. To achieve this goal, on the basis of the pET32a plasmid, an expression vector was constructed containing the thioredoxin A gene fused to the N-terminal sequence of the marker enzyme zymogen, alpaca prochymosin. Using the constructed vector, pETTrxProChn, a strain-producer of the recombinant chimeric protein thioredoxin-prochymosin was obtained. The choice of prochymosin as a model protein is due to the ability of autocatalytic activation of this zymogen, in which the pro-fragment is removed, together with the thioredoxin sequence attached to it, with the formation of active chymosin. It is shown that Escherichia coli strain BL21 transformed with the pET-TrxProChn plasmid provides an efficient synthesis of the thioredoxin-prochymosin chimeric molecule. However, the chimeric protein accumulates in inclusion bodies in an insoluble form. Therefore, a renaturation procedure was used to obtain the active target enzyme. Fusion of thioredoxin capable of disulfide-reductase activity to the N-terminal sequence of prochymosin provides optimal conditions for zymogen refolding and increases the yield of recombinant alpaca chymosin immediately after activation and during long-term storage by 13 and 15 %, respectively. The inclusion of thioredoxin in the composition of the chimeric protein, apparently, contributes to the process of correct reduction of disulfide bonds in the prochymosin molecule, which is reflected in the dynamics of the increase in the milk-clotting activity of alpaca chymosin during long-term storage.
La disposición a luchar por Chile como efecto de las representaciones sociales de la Guerra del Pacífico y el rol mediador de la fusión de identidad en estudiantes secundarios
Authors: Hatibovic Fuad Juso , Faúndez Ximena , Gaete José Manuel
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo examina la incidencia de las representaciones sociales de la Guerra del Pacífico y la fusión de identidad en la disposición a luchar por Chile en estudiantes secundarios. Se utilizó un diseño correlacional. Los participantes fueron 116 estudiantes secundarios chilenos con un promedio de 16.76 años de edad (DT = .73). Los análisis de correlación muestran que existe una asociación entre la fusión de identidad, las representaciones sociales de la Guerra del Pacífico y la disposición a luchar por Chile. Las personas con mayor fusión de identidad están más dispuestas a defender al endogrupo nacional. Los análisis de mediación mostraron que las variables mediadoras, es decir, la fusión de identidad, explican la relación entre las representaciones sociales de la Guerra del Pacífico y la variable criterio.
Escala de Uso Problemático Generalizado del Internet 2: adaptación para adultos de Buenos Aires
Authors: Stover Juliana Beatriz , Fernández Liporace María Mercedes , Castro Solarno Alejandro 
Published: July 2023

Se adaptó la Escala de Uso Problemático Generalizado del Internet 2 para población adulta de Buenos Aires. Los participantes fueron 225 sujetos (68.4% mujeres; 30.7% varones, 0.9% no binarios). Los instrumentos fueron: encuesta de datos sociodemográficos y de características de uso de redes sociales; Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2; Mental Health Continuum Short Form y; Symptom Check List 27. Mediante análisis factoriales confirmatorios se halló adecuado ajuste de la estructura propuesta por el autor original. Los coeficientes alfas de Cronbach y ordinales se ubicaron entre .77 y .87. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas significativas entre el uso problemático generalizado de Internet, la sintomatología psicopatológica y el tiempo de uso de redes sociales. Las asociaciones fueron negativas con el bienestar psicológico.