bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DRAWDOWN DIRT INSERT OF A RESERVE WATER OUTLET
Authors: MIKHAYLOV Evgeny Dmitrievich
Published: April 2016

The aim of this work is to assess the effectiveness of triggering a dirt insert of a reserve water outlet. For this purpose, conventional methods of hydraulic calculations. The article presents a calculation scheme of impact of surface and seepage fl ow onto a dirt box of a reserve water outlet. The paper also describes the mechanism of erosion of the soil paste under the infl uence of surface and seepage fl ow. The article presents the empirical formula for determination of fl ow coeffi cient on the basis of experimental studies. Examine a practical example of calculating a surface blur, not washing away and critical fl ow velocities. We have also identified the gradients of contact erosion for soil. The analysis of the results obtained on the basis of hydraulic calculations.
EVALUATION OF THE STATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES OF SAMARA REGION USED AS LANDFILL FACILITIES
Authors: CHERTES Konstantin L'vovich , SAVELYEV Aleksey Aleksandrovich , MARTYNENKO Elena Gennad'evna , TUPITSINA Olga Vladimirovna , MIKHASEK Andrey Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2016

There are numerous methods of development of landfills: recreational, forestry-based, landscape and others. However, it is difficult to create forest plantations and park belts on the territories of landfills because of the specific ecological character of landfills. The construction and economic trend of landfills development is an alternative to popular methods. This paper introduces some fundamental principles proving the possibility of construction and economic development of landfill territories. It also presents groups of measures necessary for complex assessment of the bulk of solid municipal waste and their condition.
THE PROJECT OF STACKING LAYERS BIODESTRUCTION COMPLEX OF OIL-CONTAMINATED WASTE FOR JSC «NOVOKUIBYSHEVSK REFINERY»
Authors: CHERTES Konstantin L'vovich , SAFONOVA Nataliya Aleksandrovna , BELYAKOV Andrey Vladimirovich , SHTERENBERG Alexander Moiseevich
Published: April 2016

The technology of intensive biothermal composting of oil-sludge waste products developed by employees of the Samara State Technical University is an eff ective method of recycling of the large-capacity waste products formed during oil refi ning. Furthermore, application of sludge waste products of auxiliary branches of the oil complex as cellulating and inoculating additives provides depreciation of sludge processing. The article describes the features of building and exploitation complexes biodestruction of oil waste in conditions of existing plants. Technological schemes and technical and economic indicators of the complex are designed in the environment an oil refinery.
Improved Functional Prediction of Hypothetical Proteins from Listeria monocytogenes 08-5578
Authors: Lagier Michael J. , Bowman Brittany , Brend Kelsey , Hobbs Katherine , Foggia Michael , McDaniel Mark
Published: April 2016

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne human pathogen responsible for listerosis. The genomes of several L. monocytogenes strains have been recently sequenced. The genome of L. monocytogenes 08-5578, which was in part responsible for a significant listerosis outbreak in 2008, contains an unexpectedly high percentage of protein-encoding genes (1,927 out of 3,161; 60.96%) autonomously annotated as hypothetical proteins. The aim of this study was to test whether a manual annotation strategy could be used to assign more meaningful functional names to the hypothetical proteins of 08-5578. A holistic, manual gene annotation strategy that utilized sequence homology, cellular localization predictions, structure-based evidence, phylogeny, and protein-protein interaction data was used to assign potential cellular roles to 79 out of 100 hypothetical proteins randomly selected from the genome of 08-5578. Of significance, 5 of the 79 hypothetical proteins assigned a more meaningful name may contribute to the virulence of L. monocytogenes 08-5578, by contributing to chemotaxis, cell surface protein sorting, cell wall biosynthesis, and cold adaptation. The findings here support the notion that manual annotations, using a combination of diverse bioinformatics tools, can improve the quality of genomic information provided by automated genome annotation methods alone.
Application of Polymer Complexes
Authors: Bekturov Esen A.
Published: April 2016

Applications of polymer complexes with different low- and highmolecular compounds in catalysis, medicine, environment protection, sorbtion and structurization processes etc. are briefly reviewed.
Study of Immobilization by Esteric Bond of 2-(m-Nitrophenyl)-4-(β- Carboxymethyl)-Δ2-Oxazolinone-5 on Gellan
Authors: Marcel Popa , Valeriu Sunel , Lacramioara Balaita Rusu , Cristina Basu
Published: April 2016

The paper studies the coupling reaction, through ester-type covalent bonds, of an oxazolone derived from the N-(m-nitrobenzoyl)-L-asparagic acid, on gellan (a polysaccharide of microbian synthesis), in conditions of activation with dicyclohexyl carbodiimide. Based on a centered, rotatory, composed, second order experimental program, the regression equation describing the dependence of the amount of active principle, chemically bounded to the support, on the reaction’s parameters (support/active principle ratio, active principle/activator ratio, duration) is obtained. One may observe that the efficiency of the coupling reaction is maximum when employing the parameters’ highest values, over the variation domain established. The coupling product has been characterized through elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. For the establishment of the capacity of the active principle’s controlled release by the polymer-active principle system thus obtained, drug’s release kinetics from the polysaccharidic support is studied in conditions of basic hydrolysis. The oxazolone release from the coupling products, by basic hydrolysis proceeds conformely to a zero order kinetics, proving their retard activity.
Ultrasonic Treatment Enhanced Surface Modification of Titanium Oxide by Tailor-Made Surface-Active Polymers
Authors: Bulychev N. , Kisterev E. , Reimann H. , Schaller C. , Eisenbach C.D.
Published: April 2016

The surface modification of titanium dioxide in aqueous dispersions of specially tailor-made periodic acrylic acid/isobutylene copolymers, poly(acrylic acid)/polystyrene graft copolymers, and hydrophobically modified polyethyleneoxide urethane (HEUR) by ultrasonic treatment was studied. The pigment surface modification by the above copolymers was comparatively investigated regarding conventional adsorption as contrasted to an ultrasonic treatment assisted procedure. The course and efficiency of the polymer adsorpption onto the pigment surface was quantified by electrokinetic sonic amplitude measurements. The higher efficiency of the pigment surface coating by the copolymers as achieved by ultrasonic treatment varies with the copolymer architecture and is a consequence of ultrasonically induced pigment surface activation.
Quartz Particles Electron-Microscopic Investigations Modified by Mechanochemical Processing
Authors: Mofa N.N. , Shabanova T.A. , Ketegenov T.A. , Chervyakova O.V. , Mansurov Z.A.
Published: April 2016

There were taken and analyzed electron-microscopic images of quartz particles after mechanochemical processing in mill-activator with different organic modifiers. It was stated that quartz surface suffers serious changes the peculiarities of which are defined by used modifiers. Quartz particle has a complex flaky morphology.
Friable surface layers represent as carbonic element-organic formations with ferrous additives. The change of particle's surface layers are responsible to modified quartz physicochemical properties transfer.
Blends of Polyimides and Their Morphology
Authors: Kudaikulova Saule , Boiko Galina , Zhubanov Bulat , Ashurov N. , Sodykov Sh. , Nikonovich G. , Rashidova S. , Abadie Marc J.M.
Published: April 2016

The formulation of macromolecular blends on the basis of polyimides using one step catalytic polycyclocondensation is reported. Polymers with active functional groups (polyacrylamide, polycaproamide) have been suggested as catalysts for the reaction of alicyclic dianhydrides with aromatic diamines in protolytic medium. Films made from macromolecular blends of synthesized polymers have been investigated by X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. It has been shown that single step formation of polyimide on the polymer matrix presents the possibility to prepare thin structured disperse blends in comparison with simple mixing of homopolymers.
Microparticles on the Basis of Segmented Polyurethanes for Drug Respiratory Administration
Authors: Iskakov Rinat , Batyrbekov Erkesh O. , Zhubanov Bulat , Mooney David J.
Published: April 2016

Microparticles based on segmented polyurethane were synthesized by polycondensation of a series of diols having various molecular weight with tolyene-2,4-diisocyanate in water-in-oil emulsion. The resulting spherical microparticles were 6-10 μm in diameter following the Gauss distribution. The size of microcapsules at maximum distribution band increases with growing PEG length. It was observed that with higher length of PEG wall surfaces of capsules become more stable mechanically, however a capsule itself is no more brittle and rough. Some aggregation also occurs for microparticles based on PEG 4200. Since respiratory way of drug administration considers size of particles within 1-10 μm as the most applicable, the resulting PU microparticles could be an ideal candidate as domain for respirable antiTB drug administration.
Synthesis of New Metallized Polyimide Films with High Optical and Physical Performances
Authors: Kudaikulova Saule , Boiko Galina , Zhubanov Bulat , Prikhodko Oleg , Voytekunas Vanda Yu. , Abadie Marc J.M.
Published: April 2016

Electroconductive and reflective metallized polyimide films have been prepared by heterogeneous chemical modification of polyimide surface. By carrying out the chemical reactions in situ in the modified layers of polyimide surface, a metal phase strongly impregnated into the polyimide surface is obtained. The steps of chemical modification have been studied on the model compound – poly(amic acid) on the basis of isophthaloylchloride and methylenedianthranilic acid which forms insoluble sodium or potassium poly(amicacid) salts (polyamate). Metallization of Kapton HN & JP (from DuPont) and Upilex S (from Ube) films
has been carried out and the films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fine diffraction (XRFD), measurements of reflectivity in the visible range and surface resistivity at elevated temperatures. It is shown that reflectivity coefficients of silvered films are 90-92% and surface resistivity is about 0.5 Ω/sq.
New Trends in UV Curing
Authors: Abadie Marc J.M. , Voytekunas Vanda Yu.
Published: April 2016

We present an overview of the use of photochemistry applied to polymerization and crosslinking reactions by radical or cationic process used for thin film technologies and more generally for coatings. Industrially, most of the formulations used are initiated by radical mechanism. Since the discovery by J. Crivello of iodonium and sulfonium salts, the market has been oriented to use cationic systems to crosslink monomers/oligomers. One of the main advantage of such a system is that it is not sensitive to the presence of oxygene as it is for radical mechanisms. An overview of a photosensitive formulation is presented i.e. photoinitiators, photosensitisers, monomers and/or oligomers mainly used by formulators and additives. A new technique which has been developed to study and optimise any photosensitive formulation – differential phto calorimetry DPC – and which permits to determine kinetic parameters such as enthalpy, degree of conversion, rate constant, Arrhenius parameters, etc. is also describe. Some of the main characteristics and properties of UV cured polymers like acrylates, epoxides, vinylethers and others are correlated with their structures and the photocuring conditions. Applications to thin film technologies based on acrylates, epoxides and silicones is presented. A promising area of research which opens a new route for the obtention of new structure of alternating copolymers for coatings without the use of photoinitiator and based on charge transfer complex CTC is also presented.
La senda hacia una política transversal de integración de inmigrantes en Castilla-La Mancha
Authors: Martínez de Lizarrondo Artola Antidio
Published: April 2016

En este artículo se valora la construcción de políticas de integración de inmigrantes en Castilla-La Mancha. La mayoría de las comunidades ha apostado por la elaboración de planes en donde plasman estas políticas, pero esta comunidad aún no dispone de un plan transversal de integración de inmigrantes. Pese a ello, esta región va estableciendo ciertas líneas de actuación a través de planes sectoriales y de otros en colaboración con el Estado. El número y el perfil de las personas extranjeras es diferente en cada provincia de esta comunidad. Las políticas deben adecuarse a cada situación y en esta línea parece que van los esfuerzos actuales.
El lado oscuro de la sociedad actual: los residuos
Authors: Díaz Cano Manuel , Díaz Cano Eduardo
Published: April 2016

Se pretende traer a discusión la basura, los residuos, no sólo en su etapa final sino precisamente también antes de serlo, desde el origen, incluido el diseño de los productos, el consumo de éstos, la forma de deshacernos de ellos, así como el reciclaje y la reutilización por parte de los propios consumidores y empresas especializadas, técnicos, creadores y políticos. La legislación, promovida por las distintas administraciones, es otro elemento muy relevante al escuchar a los distintos actores sociales y sus demandas pero también al ir marcando la ruta a seguir para que el ser humano, como triunfador del momento, y el medio ambiente, como paciente, puedan sobrevivir a duras penas y, lo más importante, no se produzca un colapso a corto plazo porque nadie quiera soportar los desperdicios del resto o, a la larga, porque esos desperdicios tienen una vida tan prolongada que dejamos una herencia insoportable para próximas generaciones. La sociedad tiene que tomar cartas en el asunto sin tácticas dilatorias pues esto comienza a oler mal.
Alternativas de la cultura. Una lectura material del duelo del 11-M
Authors: Jimeno Salvatierra Pilar
Published: April 2016

A partir del planteamiento de la ecología humana se produce una ruptura en las formas de estudiar la cultura o sus realizaciones. La novedad tiene que ver con la necesidad de examinarla no en sí misma o en sus interpretaciones, sino como un elemento del sistema ecológico que está interconectado con el resto de sus elementos materiales. Este modelo de análisis funcional material, será calificado de substantivista por algunos de sus principales teóricos. Así los comportamientos culturales son respuestas a las perturbaciones del entorno perteneciente al propio sistema. Una de las más interesantes para el estudio de lo social y cultural son los rituales, que forman parte de mecanismos retroactivos dentro de cualquier sistema ecológico humano. Este escrito propone una forma de observar el aspecto material de los comportamientos colectivos, ya se trate de rituales, ceremoniales u otro tipo de manifestaciones colectivas, para reclamar la importancia ecológica, social e interpretativa que tienen estos aspectos. Pretende hacer ver además tanto la parte de creación como el sentido de la asignación de significados sociales, mediante el examen de los comportamientos colectivos, capaces de mostrar en sus manifestaciones materiales una parte importante de verdad social. Para ello se utilizan algunas de las aplicaciones metodológicas que sugiere Rappaport haciendo referencia a su teoría de los signos materiales en el ritual, concediendo la máxima importancia a su papel comunicador.
Textos y glosas nº 6
Authors: Administración Revista Barataria
Published: April 2016

Reseñas Bibliográficas correspondientes al número 6 de Barataria.

Para visualizar/descargar la reseña correspondiente diríjase al apartado texto completo (pdf).
Europa: Estructura institucional para la seguridad desde la Paz de Westfalia
Authors: Blanco Jiménez Francisco José , Romero Ania Alberto
Published: April 2016

El presente trabajo pretende abordar una revisión sucinta de los acontecimientos más significativos del proceso histórico que ha determinado la estructura institucional para la seguridad en Europa desde la Paz de Westfalia. Europa es la región del mundo con mayor nivel de coordinación y cooperación multilateral. La idiosincrasia y el espíritu de cooperación de los pueblos europeos son fruto de la evolución histórica común y del convencimiento general de que un marco institucional estable garante de la seguridad, junto con la cooperación económica y política, son el mejor baluarte del Estado de bienestar y de la prosperidad de Europa.
Determinants of Profitability of Indian Public Sector Banks
Authors: Kedia Naresh
Published: April 2016

In this study, we have analyzed the determinants of profitability of Indian Public Sector Banks which reveals four independent variables that affect the net profit: Non-performing assets, Credit Deposit Ratio, Net Interest Income and Operating Expenses. We have used the Multiple Regression Model for its analysis. We found out that, only two of these independent variables i.e. Credit Deposit Ratio and Net Interest Income affect the net profitability of Indian Public Sector Banks in a major way.
Ranjivost i otpor
Authors: Batler Dzudit
Published: April 2016

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Realism’s understanding of negative numbers
Authors: Bojanic Petar , Todorovic Sanja
Published: April 2016

Our topic is the understanding of the nature of negative numbers - the
entities to which expressions such as ?-1? refer. Following Frege, we view
positive whole numbers as providing the answer to the question ?how many??
In this light, how are we to view negative numbers? Both positive and
negative numbers can be ordered through the relation of larger or smaller.
It is then true of all negative numbers that they are entities which are
(somehow) smaller than zero. For many, this has been understood as an
ontological paradox: how can something be ?less than nothing?? Some propose
to avoid the paradox by treating negative numbers as mere fa?ons de parler.
In this paper, we propose a more realist account, taking as our starting
point the thesis that there is at least one familiar type of object, the
magnitude of which can be expressed with negative numbers, namely, debt. How
can the sense of an expression be ontologically paradoxical, yet the
expression itself still plausibly refer to a social object such as a debt?
Or, put differently, how is it possible to be, at the same time, a realist
in financial theory and a nominalist in mathematical theory? The paper first
shows that the paradox arises when the two distinct ways in which negative
numbers are connected to real objects are run together. The first of the two
refers to debt only, whereas the second could refer to debt, as well as to
physical objects. Finally, we claim that a debt is at once a specifically
social object and part of reality as described by physics.
Historicizing, enlightenment, genealogy
Authors: Geuss Raymond
Published: April 2016

Historicising thinking has three properties: a) it takes the past to be
different from the present, b) it takes the past to have been contingent, c)
it holds that the past is relevant to the present. Genealogy, as practiced by
Nietzsche and Foucault, shows itself to be a useful tool for mounting a
historicising critique of certain aspects of our contemporary world. As such
it can contribute to a non-dogmatic form of Enlightenment.
Passivity and leveling Husserl, Heidegger and Hugo Ball
Authors: Prole Dragan
Published: April 2016

The first part of this paper explores the kinship in diagnosis of
contemporaneity of Hugo Ball and Martin Heidegger. Both thinkers recognize
leveling as an important trait of their age. In Ball?s terms, leveling is
identified with the apocalyptic abolishment of humanity. That happens by
equalizing all of human creation, which becomes possible only after the
abolishment of the hierarchy of values, thanks to which it was previously
possible to distinguish a work of art from an average work. With Heidegger,
leveling is equated with the perverted forms of curiosity. Unlike the former
forms of curiosity, coupled by the common desire for deeper insight, modern
curiosity is fairly superficial, let loose with no boundaries to all the
impressions which supersede the expected and already seen. In the second part
of the paper, Husserl?s term of passive synthesis is examined, so we can
observe the intervention of phenomenology from the perspective of
deconstruction of the effects of leveling. I conclude with a warning that we
cannot protect ourselves from the world to which we are exposed by natural
subjectivity and conventional forms of knowledge. Which insight leads us to
revert to the sources of subjectivity, the idea common to both the
avant-garde and the phenomenologists.
Effect of principal and secondary ligands on the electronic structures and spectra of a series of ruthenium(II) complexes
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Li Jieqiong , Wang Li
Published: April 2016

A DFT(density functional theory)/TDDFT(time-dependent density functional
theory) investigation is performed to study the ground-state geometries,
electronic structures, and absorption spectra of twelve ruthenium(II)
thiosemicarbazone complexes [Ru(CO)(C)(Ln)], where Ln=derivatives of dibasic
tetradentate Schiff-base ligand and X=AsPh3/PPh3/Py. The ground-state
geometries are optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(d)-LANL2DZ level, and the spectra
are simulated by means of TD-B3LYP/6-31G(d)-LANL2DZ method on the basis of
the optimized geometries. The influence of principal and secondary ligands
(Ln and X) on transition characters and absorption peak positions is
evaluated.
Psychotherapy can be effective in prolonging periods free of depression in early senescent
Authors: Bhagat Vidya
Published: April 2016

Background: The Psychotherapy can be effective in prolonging periods free of depression in early senescent has been focused on the study. People refused medication agreed to come for psychotherapy are treated to get free from their depressive symptom. The main objective of the study was therefore using psychotherapy as a treatment module to stretch time free of depression. Further psycho education to give more information on depression and increase patient flexibility for the combination of anti-depressant with psychotherapy when needed.Methodology: The subjects selected for the study were 60 patients from Nitte Rural Psychiatry Clinic Nitte Mangalore Karnataka, India. They were selected by random sampling technique. Medico-Psychological questionnaire for general neuroticism was administered to find out the extent of depression before and after psychotherapy. To find the difference between the age and depression before and after psychotherapy Carl Pearsons Correlation coefficient method was carried out.Results: The results reveal that a non-significant difference between age groups with extent of depression in different age group of early senescent before and after psychotherapy (Chi-square=1.7913, p>0.05) at the 5 % level of significance and (Chi-square=2.4485, p>0.05) at the 5 % level of significance respectively. Further the Comparison of extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-55, 56-60 age groups and as a total by Wilcoxon matched pairs test has been administered and the result reveals that significant differences between extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-55yrs of age group (Z=2.5205, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance, 56-60yrs of age group (Z=2.2014, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance. It means that, the significant means that, the significance of 15.7%, 10.5%depression was decreased before and after psychotherapy respectively. A significant difference was observed between extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-60yrs of age group (Z=3. 2958, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance. It means that, the significance of 13.0% depression was decreased after psychotherapy.Conclusion: The implication of this study was to develop insight and understanding among the clinicians that importance psychotherapy as treatment of depression.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.118-122
Haemophilia: a rare cause of bleeding after ear surgery
Authors: Varghese Lalee , Ahmed Saud , Michael Rajiv C , V Rupa
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Excessive bleeding during ear surgery is a troublesome problem which could be related to inadequate infiltration, active infection, trauma to the dura or jugular bulb or sudden hypertension. When the problem recurs in the postoperative period, despite intraoperative control of the field, a bleeding diathesis should be suspected.Case report: We present two adult patients in whom excessive intraoperative and postoperative bleeding associated with ear surgery led to the diagnosis of congenital mild haemophilia A.Conclusion: This case report highlights the fact that excessive perioperative bleeding for which no other cause can be found in an adult patient should suggest the presence of a bleeding diathesis like haemophilia A or B for which detailed coagulation workup is required. Any subsequent surgery would need to be performed with administration of specific perioperative medication to reduce the possibility of excessive bleeding.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.135-138
The Effect of L-Carnitine and Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Development of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Zvyagintseva Tetyana Dmitrivna , Glushchenko Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: April 2016

Objective: research is to study the role of L-carnitine, tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF-?), and interleucine-6 (IL-6) in the development of NASH.Materials and Methods: examined 65 patients with NASH. Blood serum L-carnitine, TNF-? and IL-6 level was estimated using the enzyme-linked immunoassay method.Results: patients with NASH had a decreased blood serum level of L-carnitine. L-carnitine level was found to be in strong inverse correlation dependence on cellular damage markers, L-carnitine levels affect the performance TNF-? and IL-6.Conclusion: L-carnitine contributes to lipotoxic stress development and development of systemic liver inflammation.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.62-65
Dual Cortex: Subcortical Band Heterotopia
Authors: Sharma Ankush , Talwar Tajinder , Gupta Nitin , Gupta Munish , Ramzan Bahar , Thakur Nitish
Published: April 2016

Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) is a disorder of neural migration. Also called as double cortex syndrome due to its appearance. Patient presents with mental retardation and epilepsy. Usually seizures start in first decade of life and may vary between focal seizures to generalized seizures. MRI is the diagnostic investigation of choice that reveals the characteristic findings. It is a rare disorder with only a few hundred cases reported till date.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.129-130
A study on Infant Feeding practices among mothers of a Rural hilly area of District Dehradun
Authors: Vyas Shaili
Published: April 2016

Background: Optimal infant and young child-feeding (IYCF) practices are crucial for nutritional status, growth, development, health, and ultimately the survival of infants and young children. Practices like premature cessation of breastfeeding, early and unnecessary introduction of top feeding in incorrect dilutions and unhygienic pattern are also quite prevalent in many communities thereby aggravating malnutrition in children. The present study was undertaken to assess the feeding practices in the first six months among children less than three years, to know the barriers for the same and to study the effect of feeding practices on their nutritional status.Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in all the villages under Rural Health Training Centre, the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine. A total of 500 mothers with their under three children were included in the study. A Predesigned pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect information on feeding practices within the first six months of life.Results: In the present study a total of 160 (33%) children were on top milk of which majority consumed cows milk and were fed by bottle (91%). Majority of the mothers diluted milk (87.5%) in the proportion of 1:1 (38%). In appropriate feeding practices were more common males. Infants who had inappropriate feeding practices in the initial six months were found to be maximally undernourished.Conclusion: The present study revealed suboptimal feeding practices in the first six months, which was again found as one of the major risk factor for malnutrition among children.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.103-110
Policies Supporting Renewable Energies Uses: The Next Big Challenge
Authors: Boero Ferdinando
Published: April 2016

The question in the referendum on 17 April is: “At the end of the concessions presently authorized for extraction plants in the sea, at a distance within 12 km from the coast of Italy, are you in favor of stopping the extraction, even if there is still some methane or oil to be extracted?”.[...]
An Informed Framework for Training Classifiers from Social Media
Authors: Cheng Dong , Abdulhak Sami
Published: April 2016

Extracting information from social media has become a major focus of companies and researchers in recent years. Aside from the study of the social aspects, it has also been found feasible to exploit the collaborative strength of crowds to help solve classical machine learning problems like object recognition. In this work, we focus on the generally underappreciated problem of building effective datasets for training classifiers by automatically assembling data from social media. We detail some of the challenges of this approach and outline a framework that uses expanded search queries to retrieve more qualified data. In particular, we concentrate on collaboratively tagged media on the social platform Flickr, and on the problem of image classification to evaluate our approach. Finally, we describe a novel entropy-based method to incorporate an information-theoretic principle to guide our framework. Experimental validation against well-known public datasets shows the viability of this approach and marks an improvement over the state of the art in terms of simplicity and performance.
Pathogens Use and Abuse MicroRNAs to Deceive the Immune System
Authors: Flór Thomas , Blom Bianca
Published: April 2016

Emerging evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRs) play a role in the survival and amplification of viruses, bacteria and other pathogens. There are various ways in which pathogens can benefit from miR-directed alterations in protein translation and signal transduction. Members of the herpesviridae family have previously been shown to encode multiple miRs, while the production of miRs by viruses like HIV-1 remained controversial. Recently, novel techniques have facilitated the elucidation of true miR targets by establishing miR-argonaute association and the subsequent interactions with their cognate cellular mRNAs. This, in combination with miR reporter assays, has generated physiologically relevant evidence that miRs from the herpesviridae family have the potential to downregulate multiple cellular targets, which are involved in immune activation, cytokine signaling and apoptosis. In addition, viruses and bacteria have also been linked to the induction of host cellular miRs, which have the capacity to mitigate immune activation, cytokine signaling and apoptosis. Interfering with miR expression may be clinically relevant. In the case of hepatitis C infection, the cellular miR-122 is already targeted therapeutically. This not only exemplifies how important miRs can be for the survival of specific viruses, but it also delineates the potential to use miRs as drug targets. In this paper we will review the latest reports on viruses and bacteria that abuse miR regulation for their benefit, which may be of interest in the development of miR-directed therapies.
A Novel Arc Fault Detector for Early Detection of Electrical Fires
Authors: Yang Kai , Zhang Rencheng , Yang Jianhong , Liu Canhua , Chen Shouhong , Zhang Fujiang
Published: April 2016

Arc faults can produce very high temperatures and can easily ignite combustible materials; thus, they represent one of the most important causes of electrical fires. The application of arc fault detection, as an emerging early fire detection technology, is required by the National Electrical Code to reduce the occurrence of electrical fires. However, the concealment, randomness and diversity of arc faults make them difficult to detect. To improve the accuracy of arc fault detection, a novel arc fault detector (AFD) is developed in this study. First, an experimental arc fault platform is built to study electrical fires. A high-frequency transducer and a current transducer are used to measure typical load signals of arc faults and normal states. After the common features of these signals are studied, high-frequency energy and current variations are extracted as an input eigenvector for use by an arc fault detection algorithm. Then, the detection algorithm based on a weighted least squares support vector machine is designed and successfully applied in a microprocessor. Finally, an AFD is developed. The test results show that the AFD can detect arc faults in a timely manner and interrupt the circuit power supply before electrical fires can occur. The AFD is not influenced by cross talk or transient processes, and the detection accuracy is very high. Hence, the AFD can be installed in low-voltage circuits to monitor circuit states in real-time to facilitate the early detection of electrical fires.
Noise Reduction Techniques and Scaling Effects towards Photon Counting CMOS Image Sensors
Authors: Boukhayma Assim , Peizerat Arnaud , Enz Christian
Published: April 2016

This paper presents an overview of the read noise in CMOS image sensors (CISs) based on four-transistors (4T) pixels, column-level amplification and correlated multiple sampling. Starting from the input-referred noise analytical formula, process level optimizations, device choices and circuit techniques at the pixel and column level of the readout chain are derived and discussed. The noise reduction techniques that can be implemented at the column and pixel level are verified by transient noise simulations, measurement and results from recently-published low noise CIS. We show how recently-reported process refinement, leading to the reduction of the sense node capacitance, can be combined with an optimal in-pixel source follower design to reach a sub-0.3 \(e^{-}_{rms}\) read noise at room temperature. This paper also discusses the impact of technology scaling on the CIS read noise. It shows how designers can take advantage of scaling and how the Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) transistor gate leakage tunneling current appears as a challenging limitation. For this purpose, both simulation results of the gate leakage current and 1/f noise data reported from different foundries and technology nodes are used.
Enhancing Electronic Nose Performance Based on a Novel QPSO-KELM Model
Authors: Peng Chao , Yan Jia , Duan Shukai , Wang Lidan , Jia Pengfei , Zhang Songlin
Published: April 2016

A novel multi-class classification method for bacteria detection termed quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization-based kernel extreme learning machine (QPSO-KELM) based on an electronic nose (E-nose) technology is proposed in this paper. Time and frequency domain features are extracted from E-nose signals used for detecting four different classes of wounds (uninfected and infected with Staphylococcu aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in this experiment. In addition, KELM is compared with five existing classification methods: Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), extreme learning machine (ELM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM). Meanwhile, three traditional optimization methods including particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA) and grid search algorithm (GS) and four kernel functions (Gaussian kernel, linear kernel, polynomial kernel and wavelet kernel) for KELM are discussed in this experiment. Finally, the QPSO-KELM model is also used to deal with another two experimental E-nose datasets in the previous experiments. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of QPSO-KELM in various E-nose applications.
Identification of Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Arini Pedro , Correa Lorena , Valentinuzzi Max , Laciar Eric , Correa Raúl
Published: April 2016

Background: The largest morbidity and mortality group worldwide continues to be that suffering Myocardial Infarction (MI). The use of vectorcardiography (VCG) and electrocardiography (ECG) has improved the diagnosis and characterization of this cardiac condition.

Objectives: Herein, we applied a novel ECGVCG combination technique to identifying 95 patients with MI and to differentiating them from 52 healthy reference subjects. Subsequently, and with a similar method, the location of the infarcted area permitted patient classification.

Methods: We analyzed five depolarization and four repolarization indexes, say: a) volume; b) planar area; c) QRS loop perimeter; d) QRS vector difference; e – g) Area under the QRS complex, ST segment and T-wave in the (X, Y, Z) leads; h) ST-T Vector Magnitude Difference; i) T-wave Vector Magnitude Difference; and j) the spatial angle between the QRS complex and the T-wave.

For classification, patients were divided into two groups according to the infarcted area, that is, anterior or inferior sectors (MI-ant and MI-inf, respectively).

Results: Our results indicate that several ECG and VCG parameters show significant differences (p-value<0.05) between Healthy and MI subjects, and between MI-ant and MI-inf. Moreover, combining five parameters, it was possible to classify the MI and healthy subjects with a sensitivity = 95.8%, a specificity = 94.2%, and an accuracy = 95.2%, after applying a linear discriminant classifier method. Similarly, combining eight indexes, we could separate out the MI patients in MI-ant vs MI-inf with a sensitivity = 89.8%, 84.8%, respectively, and an accuracy = 89.8%.

Conclusions: The new multivariable MI patient identification and localization technique, based on ECG and VCG combination indexes, offered excellent performance to differentiating populations with MI from healthy subjects. Furthermore, this technique might be applicable to estimating the infarcted area localization. In addition, the proposed method would be an alternative diagnostic technique in the emergency room.
Transplantation of Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells Transfected with Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor to Protect Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury
Authors: Yang Qiyun , Chen Xin , Zheng Tao , Han Dayu , Zhang Heng , Shi Yanan , Bian Jun , Sun Xiangzhou , Xia Kai , Liang Xiaoyan , Liu Guihua , Zhang Yuanyuan , Deng Chunhua
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate whether intracavernous injection of urine-derived stem cells (USCs) or USCs genetically modified with pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) could protect the erectile function and cavernous structure in a bilateral cavernous nerve injury-induced erectile dysfunction (CNIED) rat model. USCs were cultured from the urine of six healthy male donors. Seventy-five rats were randomly divided into five groups ( n = 15 per group): sham, bilateral cavernous nerve (CN) crush injury (BCNI), USC, USCGFP+, and USCGFP/PEDF+groups. The sham group received only laparotomy without CN crush injury and intracavernous injection with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). All of the other groups were subjected to BCNI and intracavernous injection with PBS, USCs, USCsGFP+, or USCsGFP/PEDF+, respectively. The total intracavernous pressure (ICP) and the ratio of ICP to mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) were recorded. The penile dorsal nerves, the endothelium, and the smooth muscle were assessed within the penile tissue. The USC and USCGFP/PEDF+groups displayed more significantly enhanced ICP and ICP/MAP ratio ( p < 0.05) 28 days after cell transplantation. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the protection of erectile function and the cavernous structure by USCsGFP/PEDF+was associated with an increased number of nNOS-positive fibers within the penile dorsal nerves, improved expression of endothelial markers (CD31 and eNOS) and a smooth muscle marker (smoothelin), an enhanced smooth muscle to collagen ratio, decreased expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and decreased cell apoptosis in the cavernous tissue. The paracrine effect of USCs and USCsGFP/PEDF+prevented the destruction of erectile function and the cavernous structure in the CNIED rat model by nerve protection, thereby improving endothelial cell function, increasing the smooth muscle content, and decreasing fibrosis and cell apoptosis in the cavernous tissue.
He II λ4686 EMISSION FROM THE MASSIVE BINARY SYSTEM IN η CAR: CONSTRAINTS TO THE ORBITAL ELEMENTS AND THE NATURE OF THE PERIODIC MINIMA*

†

‡

§
Authors: Teodoro M. , Damineli A. , Heathcote B. , Richardson N. D. , Moffat A. F. J. , St-Jean L. , Russell C. , Gull T. R. , Madura T. I. , Pollard K. R. , Walter F. , Coimbra A. , Prates R. , Fernández-Lajús E. , Gamen R. C. , Hickel G. , Henrique W. , Navarete F. , Andrade T. , Jablonski F. , Luckas P. , Locke M. , Powles J. , Bohlsen T. , Chini R. , Corcoran M. F. , Hamaguchi K. , Groh J. H. , Hillier D. J. , Weigelt G.
Published: April 2016

Eta Carinae (η Car) is an extremely massive binary system in which rapid spectrum variations occur near periastron. Most notably, near periastron the He ii λ4686 line increases rapidly in strength, drops to a minimum value, then increases briefly before fading away. To understand this behavior, we conducted an intense spectroscopic monitoring of the He ii λ4686 emission line across the 2014.6 periastron passage using ground- and space-based telescopes. Comparison with previous data confirmed the overall repeatability of the line equivalent width (EW), radial velocities, and the timing of the minimum, though the strongest peak was systematically larger in 2014 than in 2009 by 26%. The EW variations, combined with other measurements, yield an orbital period of 2022.7 ± 0.3 days. The observed variability of the EW was reproduced by a model in which the line flux primarily arises at the apex of the wind–wind collision and scales inversely with the square of the stellar separation, if we account for the excess emission as the companion star plunges into the hot inner layers of the primary’s atmosphere, and including absorption from the disturbed primary wind between the source and the observer. This model constrains the orbital inclination to 135°–153°, and the longitude of periastron to 234°–252°. It also suggests that periastron passage occurred on

days). Our model also reproduced EW variations from a polar view of the primary star as determined from the observed He ii 

emission scattered off the Homunculus nebula.
THE VLA VIEW OF THE HL TAU DISK: DISK MASS, GRAIN EVOLUTION, AND EARLY PLANET FORMATION
Authors: Carrasco-González Carlos , Henning Thomas , Chandler Claire J. , Linz Hendrik , Pérez Laura , Rodríguez Luis F. , Galván-Madrid Roberto , Anglada Guillem , Birnstiel Til , Boekel Roy van , Flock Mario , Klahr Hubert , Macias Enrique , Menten Karl , Osorio Mayra , Testi Leonardo , Torrelles José M. , Zhu Zhaohuan
Published: April 2016

The first long-baseline ALMA campaign resolved the disk around the young star HL Tau into a number of axisymmetric bright and dark rings. Despite the very young age of HL Tau, these structures have been interpreted as signatures for the presence of (proto)planets. The ALMA images triggered numerous theoretical studies based on disk–planet interactions, magnetically driven disk structures, and grain evolution. Of special interest are the inner parts of disks, where terrestrial planets are expected to form. However, the emission from these regions in HL Tau turned out to be optically thick at all ALMA wavelengths, preventing the derivation of surface density profiles and grain-size distributions. Here, we present the most sensitive images of HL Tau obtained to date with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at 7.0 mm wavelength with a spatial resolution comparable to the ALMA images. At this long wavelength, the dust emission from HL Tau is optically thin, allowing a comprehensive study of the inner disk. We obtain a total disk dust mass of (1–3) × 10−3
M
⊙, depending on the assumed opacity and disk temperature. Our optically thin data also indicate fast grain growth, fragmentation, and formation of dense clumps in the inner densest parts of the disk. Our results suggest that the HL Tau disk may be actually in a very early stage of planetary formation, with planets not already formed in the gaps but in the process of future formation in the bright rings.
Linguistic Location Authority
Authors: Olowolayemo Akeem , Tap Abu Osman Md , Mantoro Teddy
Published: April 2016

User centric design on mobile devices has gained tremendous attention in recent time. One of the aspects that is very critical to making mobile applications and interface handy is to inculcate linguistic approach to the outputs and design. This work examines the requirements and prospects of presenting location authority in linguistic form. Traditional approaches include geometric and its extension in the form of topological or symbolic location authority. Despite the inclusion of topological systems to compensate for the inadequacies of the classical geometrical approaches, the role quantitative reference plays in location authority is still extensive yet not completely in tune with the natural cognitive of human mind. The present work examines the imperative for linguistic approach to location authority. It sought to evaluate the rationale for perception based linguistic approach to location authority relative to landmarks or points of interest. Efforts were also made to identify the prospects as well as challenges in the implementation on location based devices.
Indoor Navigation and Location-Based Services for Persons with Motor Limitations
Authors: Riga Paraskevi , Kouroupetroglou Georgios
Published: April 2016

Persons with motor limitations constitute a group-challenge when building indoor navigation and Location-Based Services (LBS). The authors present here the systematic approach they have developed that has to be taken into account in the user needs analysis of persons with motor disabilities when an advanced system for indoor navigation and LBS is designed. In the first part the authors present a step-by-step and detailed methodology about the extraction of the user requirements' knowledge in order to develop an indoor navigation and LBS system that provides adequate and usable output to persons with motor limitations. In the second part, after an overview of the existing indoor LBS, the authors present the development of the MNISIKLIS system giving emphasis on the User Interface designed after following the knowledge derived from the first part.