bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Béatrix Beck en el cine: versiones de Léon Morin, prêtre
Authors: Pardo Jiménez Pedro
Published: December 2022

Ganadora del premio Goncourt en 1951, la novela de Béatrix Beck Léon Morin, prêtre ha sido objeto de dos adaptaciones cinematográficas para la gran pantalla: la película homónima dirigida por Jean-Pierre Melvillle en 1961 y, muy recientemente, la versión de Nicolas Boukhrief, estrenada en 2017 con el título de La confession. En el presente trabajo abordamos el estudio de ambas versiones atendiendo fundamentalmente al tratamiento que hacen de la obra original, que a su vez es revelador del proyecto cinematográfico de cada uno de los realizadores y, más generalmente, de su visión del arte de la adaptación. Considerado hoy un director de culto, Melville se mantiene fiel al original, sin duda porque considera que la calidad ya contrastada de la novela juega a favor de la de la película. Por su parte, Boukhrief somete el texto de Beck a una reescritura completa con el propósito de obtener un producto capaz de captar el interés del espectador medio  actual.
Dos écfrasis sobre EXPERIMENT WITH AN AIR PUMP en la poesía inglesa de finales del siglo XX
Authors: Álvarez Castaño Emilio José
Published: December 2022

El cuadro Experiment with an Air Pump (1768) de Joseph Wright of Derby tuvo como gran novedad presentar a la ciencia en el centro de atención artística que hasta entonces había ocupado la religión de manera mayoritaria. Dos siglos más tarde, e inspirándose en esta obra, los poetas ingleses Sue Hubbard y John Forth utilizaron el recurso de la écfrasis para hacer una reflexión sobre la ciencia desde la poesía. Sus composiciones poéticas están en la voz del científico y en la de una de las niñas, respectivamente, e invitan a una reflexión sobre los objetivos y los límites de la ciencia dentro de la sociedad postmoderna.
The God of rationality and intuition: Focusing on the concept of the God of Bergson
Authors:   Research Institute For Life And Culture Sogang University, Yang Sunjin
Published: December 2022

Bergson does not use the tools of reason as a way to understand God. He attempts to understand God based on religious experience because he saw that rational God was only an abstract and ideological human composition. His mystical experience means not a conceptual understanding through the language provided by intelligence, but a direct method of intuition, regardless of all interpretation and theoretical frameworks, médiate. The way to approach God in an intuitive way is human emotional sensibility. The result of human experience experiencing God is an emotional dimension, and human emotions are experiencing God's love. This means meeting God on the emotional level of love. Bergson suggests an intuitive way, not human reason, as a way for humans to approach God. This is because understanding of God through human reason understands God as a conceptual and abstract system and eventually overlooks God's personality. Through reason, the moment you understand God, you can be reduced to an idealistic position that understands God, a personal being, as an abstract principle or system. Bergson's intuition does not mean animal instincts, only claims recovery, the essence of intelligence, because intellectual thinking distorts the essence of life. Bergson does not use the tools of reason as a way to understand God. He attempts to understand God based on religious experience because he saw that rational God was only an abstract and ideological human composition. The result of human experience experiencing God is an emotional dimension, and human emotions are experiencing God's love. This means meeting God on the emotional level of love.
A Study on the Effects of Subjective Health Status on Cognitive Function in the Elderly: Focusing on Mediating Effects of Depression
Authors:   Research Institute For Life And Culture Sogang University, CHUNG YOUNGMI , Lee Hye Mi , Youn DongKyoung , kim byoung-nyun
Published: December 2022

This study identified the relationship between the subjective health status and cognitive function of the elderly and studied the mediating effect of depression. To this end, survey data for the 7th year of the aging panel were used, and only a total of 6,940 people nationwide were used as raw data for the aging welfare panel. This study analyzed general characteristics, conducted correlation analysis between major variables, and used Model 4 of SPSS 25.0 and Hayers' SPSS PROCESS Macro to analyze the mediating effect of the elderly's subjective health status, cognitive function, and depression. The results of this study are as follows. First, it was found that the subjective health status of the elderly negatively affected depression. Second, in the effect of the elderly's subjective health status on cognitive function, the higher the subjective health status, and third, the elderly's subjective health status and depression. It was found that the higher the subjective health status and the lower the depression, the better the cognitive function. Based on the results of this study, practical implications were presented to maintain and improve physical function and to have satisfaction with daily life through active intervention to promote the health of the elderly.
Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Older Adults: A Review of Benefits, Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Prasad-Reddy Lalita ,   Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA,   Adult Internal Medicine, Rush University Internists, Chicago, IL, USA, Godina Alvin ,   Ambulatory Care, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA, Chetty Ashwin ,   Close Concerns, San Francisco, CA, USA, Isaacs Diana ,   Cleveland Clinic Endocrinology & Metabolism Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
Published: December 2022

Many new technologies have been developed over the past decade, and these have substantially changed the way diabetes is managed. Continuous glucose monitoring is now the standard of care for many people living with diabetes, and among its numerous benefits, it has been shown to improve glycaemic outcomes and enhance quality of life. Older adults carry a high burden of diabetes and have a high risk of hypo-glycaemia and hypo-glycaemic unawareness, and continuous glucose monitoring can help to improve glycaemic management in this vulnerable population. Unfortunately, only a few trials have evaluated the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring in older adults. Certainly, the implementation of continuous glucose monitoring in older adults can come with many challenges, including logistical, educational and reimbursement barriers. This article will discuss the benefits of continuous glucose monitoring in older adults with diabetes, the clinical studies that support its use and the barriers to its optimal implementation in this population.
Parkinson hastalarında perkütan endoskopik gastrojejunostomi katateri takılan hastalarımızın takibi: Tek merkez deneyimi
Authors: TÜRKEL KÜÇÜKMETİN Nurten , SOLAKOĞLU Tevfik
Published: December 2022

Giriş Ve Amaç: Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi ve perkütan endoskopik gastrojejunostomi enteral nutrisyonda sık kullanılan yöntemlerdir. Son yıllarda ileri evre Parkinson Hastalığı tedavisinde, Levodopa/Karbidopa intestinal jel, perkütan endoskopik gastrojejunostomi ile uygulanmaktadır. Biz, burada Parkinson Hastalığı tedavisi için pull tekniği ile perkütan endoskopik gastrojejunostomi katateri yerleştirilen hastalarımızın takiplerini sunmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mayıs 2019 - Mart 2022 yılları arasında perkütan endoskopik gastrojejunostomi takılan 11 hasta incelendi, hastalara ait demografik veriler, işlem sonrası komplikasyonları ve işlem tekrarları değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Perkütan endoskopik gastrojejunostomi takılan hastaların 1’i (%9) kadın, 10’u erkek (%91), yaş ortalaması 63.5 ± 11.2 olup en genç hasta 43 ve en yaşlı hasta 78 yaşındaydı. Onbir hastaya perkütan endoskopik gastrojejunostomi takılması, perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi ve jejunal tüp değişimi olmak üzere toplam 23 endoskopik işlem uygulandı. İlk perkütan endoskopik gastrojejunostomi takılması sonrasında perkütan endoskopik gastrojejunostomi seti ve/veya sadece jejunal katater replasmanı arasındaki ortalama süre 310.5 ± 252.3 gün iken en kısa süre 60 gün, en uzun süre 674 gündü. Replasmanlar arasındaki en kısa süre 26 gün iken, en uzun süre 641 gündü. Hiçbir hastada akut ya da majör komplikasyon görülmezken, jejunal katater tıkanması (3’ü ilaç ile, 1’i king olması) %28.5 oranında en fazla görülen minör komplikasyon olmuştur. Bunu sırasıyla %21.4 (3 olgu) stoma enfeksiyonu, %14.2 (2 hasta) perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi aşınması, %14.2 (2 hasta) jejunal tüpün yanlışlıkla çekilmesi, %7.1 perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi tıkanması (n=1) ve %7.1 (n=1) perkütan endoskopik gastrojejunostomi setinin çekilmesi izlemiştir. Ondört adet toplam advers olay bildirilmiştir. Sonuç: Perkütan endoskopik gastrojejunostomi yerleştirme ve değiştirmesi güvenli bir prosedürdür, ancak perkütan endoskopik gastrojejunostominin uzun süreli kullanımını ve dayanıklılığını araştıran çok az veri bulunmaktadır, replasman için en iyi zamanı ve uzun süreli klinik sonuçları gösteren prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Abordaje integral comunitario de la salud mental en La Libertad
Authors:   Universidad César Vallejo, Goicochea-Ríos Evelyn
Published: December 2022

En el año 2015, Se inauguraron e implementaron 5 Centros de Salud Mental Comunitarios (CSMC) en dos provincias (Trujillo y Virú) y dos distritos (Florencia de Mora y El Porvenir) de La Libertad cuyo modelo de atención estuvo basado en familia y comunidad. Se dotó a estos centros de 70 profesionales de la salud capacitados para atender la salud mental, prevenir la violencia familiar y otras actividades en trabajo articulado con los Gobiernos Locales, el Gobierno Central y la Gerencia Regional de Salud. Durante estos tres años, hemos obtenido resultados como: Diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento oportuno de casos de enfermedades mentales que antes del 2015 quedaban mayormente en la fase de tamizaje, oportunidad de atención a la salud mental en poblaciones vulnerables de distritos con alto riesgo de enfermedades mentales, adicciones y violencia que no contaban con acceso a servicios de salud mental; sectorización y visitas a familias; coordinaciones con instituciones, líderes comunales y empresas para la captación de patología mental. Asimismo, se sentaron las bases para un formar grupos de autoayuda en coordinación con los familiares de las personas con enfermedad mental o víctimas de violencia familiar.
Nutrición de la mujer antes y durante el embarazo y resultados maternos perinatales
Authors:   Universidad César Vallejo, Castro-Silupu Miriam Y. , Bazán-Ramírez Aldo ,   Universidad César Vallejo
Published: December 2022

El estado nutricional de la madre antes y durante el embarazo se constata en los últimos años como uno de los factores ambientales más influyentes en el desarrollo fetal. Este estudio se centra en las primeras fases del proceso de gestación o periodo periconcepcional: preconcepción, concepción, implantación, placentación y embriogénesis; puesto que representan un paso crítico en los resultados del embarazo. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la evidencia del impacto de la nutrición materna antes y durante el embarazo en los resultados de salud materna, e infantil y se incluyó 50 artículos que fueron identificados mediante búsquedas en bases de datos de PubMed, Scopus, y Google Académico. Los ensayos de intervención y los estudios observacionales muestran que la suplementación con ácido fólico periconcepcional redujo significativamente el riesgo de defectos en el tubo neural. Los estudios observacionales sugieren que la ingesta preconcepcional y periconcepcional de suplementos de vitaminas y minerales están asociados con un riesgo reducido de tener hijos con bajo peso al nacer y / o una edad gestacional pequeña (PEG) y partos prematuros (PPT).
Eficacia del aceite esencial del Citrus aurantifolia y de Ricinus communis sobre larvas de Aedes aegypti comparado con temephos, in vitro
Authors:   Universidad César Vallejo, Vidal-Villacorta Elianna P. , Villacorta-González Misael Y. ,   Universidad César Vallejo
Published: December 2022

El objetivo principal fue determinar la eficacia del aceite de Citrus aurantifolia emulsificado con aceite de Ricinus communis como larvicida sobre larvas del Aedes aegypti en estadio III. La población estuvo conformada por 103 larvas de Aedes aegypti en estadio III, se utilizó un instrumento de recolección de datos validados por expertos, donde se registraron los valores de concentraciones usadas, tiempos, temperatura, número de individuos muertos y porcentaje de mortalidad. Las variables analizadas fueron, independientes: el aceite esencial Citrus aurantifolia y temephos; y dependientes la eficacia larvicida. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la eficacia de la solución de Citrus aurantifolia como larvicida ante larvas en estadio III de Aedes aegypti, con una concentración letal para matar al 50% de larvas, CL50, de 0,54 g/litro. Se determinó que el aceite esencial de Citrus aurantifolia (limón), es más eficaz (128,75%) como larvicida sobre las larvas del Aedes aegypti (estadio III) que el temephos (1,03%). La tasa de mortalidad de las larvas de Aedes aegypti (estadio III) usando aceite de Citrus aurantifolia al 0,08%, a las 24 horas fue del 100%; igual a la tasa de mortalidad alcanzada usando temephos al 1%. La concentración al 0,08% logro alcanzar a las 24 horas el 100% de tasa de mortalidad, igualando al porcentaje de mortalidad del temephos al 1%. A un nivel de significancia del 0,05 (95%) el valor p obtenido fue de 0,012 en consecuencia (p<0,05), por lo cual se rechaza la Ho y se acepta la H1: la eficacia larvicida del aceite esencial del Citrus aurantifolia es mayor al temephos sobre las larvas del Aedes aegypti en estadio III, estudio in vitro. Así mismo existe un alto grado de correlación, 0.864 entre las variables analizadas, muy cercana a la unidad.
Leishmaniasis: conceptos actuales y revisión de literatura
Authors:   Universidad César Vallejo, Marín-Sánchez Edgard H.
Published: December 2022

El presente artículo se elaboró en base a una revisión documentada sobre las Leishmaniasis, grupo de enfermedades causadas por diferentes especies de protozoarios intracelulares del género Leishmania transmitidos por insecto infectados de los géneros Phlebotomus y Lutzomyia; son consideradas enfermedades reemergentes, descuidadas u olvidadas, endémicas en casi 100 países, asociadas a pobreza, malnutrición, migraciones, malas condiciones de vivienda, deficiencias de saneamiento, falta de acceso a los servicios médicos, elevados costos y toxicidad de los medicamentos, debilidad del sistema inmunitario, cambio climático, etc.; se estima que cada año existen 1,2 millones de casos anuales (con 20,000 a 30,000 defunciones) y 350 millones de personas están en riesgo de adquirir la infección. Se describe la variedad de formas clínicas de leishmaniasis con énfasis en las formas visceral, cutánea, mucocutánea y difusa, cuyo conocimiento es importante para establecer un diagnóstico correcto que considere la epidemiología, el cuadro clínico sugestivo y los exámenes auxiliares de laboratorio. Para su tratamiento, los antimoniales pentavalentes como estibogluconato de sodio (Pentostan®) y antimoniato de meglumine (Glucantime®) son las drogas de primera línea, a pesar de su toxicidad y aparición de resistencia; como segunda línea se tiene anfotericina B, miltefosina, pentamidina, aminosidina, ketaconazol, itraconazol, etc., que no son suficientes y conllevan a la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas especialmente de origen vegetal. La vigilancia, control y prevención de las leishmaniasis merece un abordaje integrado que incluye huésped, parásito y vector, acorde con los escenarios de cada país y localidad, utilizando todas las herramientas y tecnología disponibles. A pesar de todo lo avanzado, la lucha para reducir la morbimortalidad por leishmaniasis continúa, siendo un desafío que debemos afrontar.
The Relationship between Country Characteristics and Ideological Polarization
Authors: Xiong Xiaohan , Jiang Penghao
Published: December 2022

This article uses data from World Value Survey (WVS), World Bank and Polity IV to explore the relationship between country characteristics, which include economic situations and political systems, and the polarization of citizens’ ideology on confidence in government. Through the scatter diagram and regression analysis, we assume that the degree of democracy and citizens’ confidence in government have an inverted U-shaped relationship, and the GDP level is the same. The GDP level and confidence in government-related are negatively correlated. Moreover, both the GINI index and the preference headcount ratio and the confidence in government-related are positively correlated.
The Effect of Oral Corrective Feedback on Chinese Primary Students’ English Learning Motivation
Authors: Li Zichun
Published: December 2022

Oral corrective feedback (OCF) plays a significant role in affecting students’ English learning motivation. However, limited studies were conducted in Chinese classrooms. To address the gap, the current study investigated how OCF influenced Chinese young English learners’ motivation. The participants were 181 students from a Chinese primary school. They were divided into the younger group (98 Grade-three (G3) students) and the older group (84 Grade-five (G5) students). Questionnaires on motivation and OCF were administered first. Ten English lessons (5 for G3 and 5 for G5) were recorded later. Results showed that explicit feedback was more frequent and motivating than implicit feedback. Feedback frequency had no significant correlation with motivation.
Originality to Derivative Works: How to Use “Transformative” Rules to Judge Them
Authors: Li Chenxuan
Published: December 2022

Originality to derivative works, has become one of the most important problems for these re-creations who want to gain copyright protection. The paper is trying to find the boundary between original works, derivative works, and copying rights by analyzing originality and derivative works based on copyright laws of UK and EU. Fanfictions will also be discussed in detail. Derivative works, including fanfictions, are the works which are created based on previous copyrighted works. It is almost impossible for these works to be completely created independently. For these works, even though always being used in US cases, transformative is meaningful while being judged. Since these re-creations are closely related to former original works, there is no need to use “transformative” rules or rule originality in derivative works area in a strict way.
Changes in international development aid policy: from Trump to Biden
Authors: Beletskaya Maria
Published: December 2022

International development assistance is an integral part of the foreign economic and foreign policy activities of the US government. International aid is one of the largest components of US foreign relations spending and is regarded by many members of Congress as one of the most important foreign policy instruments. However, many US citizens and members of Congress feel that the US cannot afford such international aid spending, given the current budget deficit and competing budgetary priorities. As one of the largest donors of international development aid, the United States is of considerable interest to many researchers, including those who study trends in the polarization of attitudes toward foreign policy, including international aid.
This article is devoted to the current US policy in the field of international development cooperation at the beginning of the presidency of Joe Biden. It examines the economic component of US government assistance: the total amount of US economic assistance, as well as the structure of international aid spending and country priorities for US economic assistance, are considered. An assessment of the prospects for US assistance is presented based on an analysis of the Joint Strategic Plan of the State Department and the Agency for International Assistance 2022-2026 and the US National Security Strategy 2022. Despite the stability and relative inertia of the international aid system, one can observe an increase in US interest in development assistance after the transition of power to President Biden, including in the context of competition with China.
Midterm Elections in the United States
Authors: Rogova Natalia
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the midterm elections of 2022 in the United States. It analyses the race, ethnic, gender and age composition of the electorate of the two main political parties. It also discusses priorities of the supporters of the Democratic and Republican parties. The article provides analyses of the outcome of the elections of members of the Senate and the House of Representatives, and of the new balance of power in the US Congress.
Trade Relations between Canada and China in the XXI century
Authors: Khoroshilov Evgeny
Published: December 2022

In recent decades, China has moved up among the countries that are Canada's main trading counterparties and today is its second most important economic partner after the United States. At the same time, for China, Canada's role as a supplier and a market is not so great. To the Chinese market Canada supplies mainly raw materials, agricultural and forestry products. Moreover, over the past 20 years, the structure of Canada's exports to China has changed markedly in favor of the raw materials sector. The opposite trend is characteristic of Chinese supplies to the Canadian market, where an increasing weight is enjoyed by high value-added goods, including high-tech products, as well as products of the metalworking and chemical industries. The balance of Canadian-Chinese trade is traditionally positive for China. In the first months of 2022, there were noticeable changes in the dynamics and structure of Canada's foreign trade turnover with China. There is a drop in Canadian exports to China, in particular, a reduction in the supply of agricultural and mechanical engineering products. In general, Canadian-Chinese trade relations are becoming hostage to the intensification of confrontation between China and the United States, Canada's main military-political ally and foreign economic partner.
Bioética global, individuación y concretización técnica como aproximaciones a una “supervivencia aceptable” para la humanidad
Authors: Durán-Vélez Ana Isabel , Osorio-García Sergio Néstor
Published: December 2022

Propósito/Contexto. Este artículo tiene como propósito establecer una relación de complementariedad entre la propuesta o intuición del bioquímico norteamericano Van Rensselaer Potter en torno a la Bioética Global y la teoría de la individuación del filósofo francés Gilbert Simondon con el fin de entender el papel de los objetos técnicos en la individuación humana.
Metodología/Enfoque. El enfoque parte de las “categorías” de concretización y de juicio técnico como puntos clave para mostrar que el proceso de concretización técnica es fundamental para el desarrollo de la intuición Bioética potteriana. Es decir, la relación entre la intuición Bioética y la teoría de la individuación nos puedeposibilitar una nueva relación con la cultura técnica y con la cultura natural de cara la“supervivencia aceptable” de la especie humana en el planeta.
Resultados/Hallazgos. La concretización técnica y el juicio técnico permiten la comprensión de los sistemas a partir de su dinamismo interno y no desde categorías externas, de modo que el juicio técnico no juzga ni valora un sistema, sino que lo organiza para evitar su obsolescencia o, en palabras de V.R. Potter, da lugar a nuevas formas de relacionarnos con los sistemas bióticos y abióticos.
Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. La contribución principal del artículo es destacar la relevancia de una adecuada relación con la técnica y el modo como esta contribuye a nuestra individuación y supervivencia.
Continuous Heartbeat Prediction Using a Face Recognition Algorithm
Authors: Alsheikhy Ahmed A. , Said Yahia F. , Shawly Tawfeeq
Published: December 2022

Health providers use the ECG machine to get information about the heart. This information plays a significant role since it tells them about the status of the heart. The ECG machine presents this information in a waveform. During the Covid-19 pandemic, all governments have placed numerous rules and policies to protect people from the virus and from spreading it. One of the rules and policies is to prevent touching surfaces in public places. However, in health care centers, touching surfaces can’t be avoided completely since there is a need to touch them or place some wires on the human body such as placing wires to use the ECG machine. In Saudi Arabia, the government has placed a policy in all its buildings, public places, and the private sector to measure the temperature at the entrance. Due to this situation, the idea has come into mind to have a touchless method to measure the heartbeat rate. In this paper, proposing a feasible and reliable method to estimate a continuous heartbeat rate is presented. It uses a face recognition approach to predict the heart pulse continuously in real-time according to colors intensity measurement. Using a segmentation algorithm is involved since the approach takes its input from a video or an image. Several experiments have been conducted on volunteers to verify the obtained results and measure their relative errors. Consequently, the errors are less than 7% which is quite acceptable. At the end of this article, a comparative assessment is performed between the presented approach and some works from literature. This assessment is conducted based on the methodologies being utilized and applied and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Furthermore, it shows whether those methods require physical contact or not. The obtained results indicate that the implemented system herein outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.
Human Gender Prediction Based on Deep Transfer Learning from Panoramic Dental Radiograph Images
Authors: Ataş Isa
Published: December 2022

Panoramic Dental Radiography (PDR) image processing is one of the most extensively used manual methods for gender determination in forensic medicine. With the assistance of the PDR images, a person's biological gender determination can be performed through analyzing skeletal structures expressing sexual dimorphism. Manual approaches require a wide range of mandibular parameter measurements in metric units. Besides being time-consuming, these methods also necessitate the employment of experienced professionals. In this context, deep learning models are widely utilized in the auto-analysis of radiological images nowadays, owing to their high processing speed, accuracy, and stability. In our study, a data set consisting of 24,000 dental panoramic images was prepared for binary classification, and the transfer learning method was used to accelerate the training and increase the performance of our proposed DenseNet121 deep learning model. With the transfer learning method, instead of starting the learning process from scratch, the existing patterns learned beforehand were used. Extensive comparisons were made using deep transfer learning (DTL) models VGG16, ResNet50, and EfficientNetB6 to assess the classification performance of the proposed model in PDR images. According to the findings of the comparative analysis, the proposed model outperformed the other approaches by achieving a success rate of 97.25% in gender classification.
Traffic Lights Detection and Recognition with New Benchmark Datasets Using Deep Learning and TensorFlow Object Detection API
Authors: Kilic Irfan , Aydin Galip
Published: December 2022

Today, traffic lights are widely used in places with high vehicle traffic. Especially in autonomous vehicles, fast and high accuracy detection and recognition of traffic lights are critical. Machine learning methods are generally used to do this. Deep learning models give more successful results than machine learning methods in detecting the exact location of traffic lights in different climatic conditions. In this study, Faster R-CNN Inception v2 deep learning model was trained and tested on two different datasets that we prepared and published publicly under variable traffic and climatic conditions in Turkey. Successful results were obtained with fewer data by using the Transfer Learning method with the help of TensorFlow Object Detection API in the training of the model. It has been shown that the datasets we have prepared can be developed considering the conditions in other countries and successful results will be obtained.
HayCAM: A Novel Visual Explanation for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Ornek Ahmet H. , Ceylan Murat
Published: December 2022

Explaining the decision mechanism of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is a new and challenging area because of the “Black Box” nature of CNN's. Class Activation Mapping (CAM) as a visual explainable method is used to highlight important regions of input images by using classification gradients. The lack of the current methods is to use all of the filters in the last convolutional layer which causes scattered and unfocused activation mapping. HayCAM as a novel visualization method provides better activation mapping and therefore better localization by using dimension reduction. It has been shown with mask detection use case that input images are fed into the CNN model and bounding boxes are drawn over the generated activation maps (i.e. weakly-supervised object detection) by three different CAM methods. IoU values are obtained as 0.1922 for GradCAM, 0.2472 for GradCAM++, 0.3386 for EigenCAM, and 0.3487 for the proposed HayCAM. The results show that HayCAM achieves the best activation mapping with dimension reduction.
Opieka duszpasterska nad Polakami na Węgrzech do 1939 roku
Authors: Szymański Józef
Published: December 2022

Polskie duszpasterstwo w Budapeszcie sięga 1897 r. W dziesiątej dzielnicy Köbánya rozpoczęto odprawianie w niedziele i święta mszy św. dla robotników polskich. Miejscem skupiającym Polaków była kapliczka na placu Kápolna ufundowana przez włoską rodzinę Contich. Tymczasowe duszpasterstwo z upoważnienia węgierskich władz kościelnych prowadził ks. K. Benedikovics, później ks. W. Hawliczka – Słowak. Zmiany w organizacji polskiego ośrodka duszpasterskiego przyniosła w 1905 r. wizyta w stolicy Węgier abp. Józefa Bilczewskiego – metropolity Lwowa. Z jego upoważnienia od 1908 r. wśród 30 tys. Polaków posługę duszpasterską podjął ks. Wincenty Danek. W 1910 r. duszpasterstwo polskie otrzymało oficjalny tytuł: Polski Urząd Kuratorski. Dla realizacji określonych przedsięwzięć doraźnie powołano wówczas wiele instytucji społecznych: Komitet Budowy Kościoła, Stowarzyszenie Budowy „Domu Ubogich”, później stowarzyszenie „Schronisko”. Przy kościele na Kőbánya działało Stowarzyszenie Katolickie Młodzieży Żeńskiej i „Stół Polski” pw. św. Stanisława Kostki. W 1925 r. rozpoczęto budowę kościoła, który 17 sierpnia 1930 r. konsekrował kard. A. Hlond. Obok kościoła polskiego pw. Matki Boskiej Nieustającej Pomocy przy Ohegy u. 11 wybudowano schronisko dla starców i plebanię. Do pracy wśród węgierskiej Polonii angażowali się kapłani z różnych zakonów i zgromadzeń zakonnych, salezjanie, paulini, a także siostry elżbietanki z Poznania. Ponadto duszpasterz polskiego kościoła bardzo często zapraszał do swojej parafii kapłanów z Polski: do wygłoszenia rekolekcji, pomocy w okresie Bożego Narodzenia i Wielkiego Postu.
Kawaler maltański Franciszek Wierusz-Kowalski herbu Wieruszowa (ok. 1675-1742) w służbie królewskiej rodziny Sobieskich
Authors: Kapuściński Jacek
Published: December 2022

Artykuł przedstawia życie i działalność Franciszka Wierusza-Kowalskiego herbu Wieruszowa, żyjącego na przełomie XVII i XVIII w. i pochodzącego z powiatu radomszczańskiego w ziemi sieradzkiej. Całość opracowania otwiera wywód genealogiczny jego przodków, dzięki czemu można poznać bliżej przedstawicieli gałęzi rodowej Wieruszów-Kowalskich, mających liczne zasługi dla Kościoła i ojczyzny. Tradycje te niewątpliwie miały wpływ na postawę religijną i patriotyczną młodego szlachcica, który prawdopodobnie w wyniku koneksji rodzinnych wszedł w skład świty dworskiej królowej Marii Kazimiery Sobieskiej, stając się jej niezwykle zaufanym sługą. To z kolei sprawiło, że znalazł się w najbliższym otoczeniu jej syna Jakuba, pełniąc nawet obowiązki marszałka dworu. Bliskie relacje z Sobieskimi umożliwiły mu odbycie licznych podróży zagranicznych (Włochy, Francja, Bawaria) i nawiązanie stosunków z dworami władców wielu państw europejskich, w tym także samego papieża. Po wstąpieniu do Zakonu Maltańskiego prowadził szeroką działalność prokościelną na Malcie, Śląsku, we Włoszech i w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów. Szczególny wkład wniósł w rozwój klasztoru na Jasnej Górze, konwentu paulinów w Wielgomłynach i rodzimej parafii w Borzykowej.
Social Networks as a Perpetual Vehicle for Migration
Authors: Romaniszyn Krystyna
Published: December 2022

Migration processes have accelerated in the past few decades all over the world, and pose major social and political challenges. The paper aims to discuss the constant importance of personal networks in these movements. It addresses the phenomenon of networks viewed as a prime social mechanism which amplifies and directs migration flows. Close attention has been paid to the variety of networks in which migrants operate in the host country, and the specific nature of the illegal border-crossing networks. The paper is based on relevant monographs and research data.
Wychowanie religijne wśród Polonii francuskiej w świetle badań wstępnych
Authors: Klimski Wojciech
Published: December 2022

Tematem artykułu są sposoby pogłębiania wiary religijnej przez Polonię związaną z polskimi parafiami i ośrodkami duszpasterskimi we Francji. Źródłem informacji są badania empiryczne zrealizowane w 2019 r. Wykorzystanymi wskaźnikami pogłębiania wiary była praktyka modlitwy prywatnej, modlitwy wspólnej z rodziną, rozmowy na tematy religijne z bliskimi i nieznajomymi oraz udział w parafialnej katechezie dorosłych. Pytano również o takie metody rozwijania wiary jak: słuchanie kazań, czytanie Pisma Świętego, udział w pielgrzymkach, udział w spotkaniach grup modlitewnych, korzystanie z religijnych stron internetowych, czytanie książek religijnych, oglądanie programów religijnych w telewizji, słuchanie religijnych audycji radiowych, czytanie prasy religijnej, rozmowy z księżmi na tematy religijne. Podjętą problematyka sytuuje się w ramach socjologii wychowania. Źródłem informacji są natomiast badania wstępne zrealizowane w trzech polskich parafiach we Francji. Miały one na celu weryfikację narzędzia badawczego, co jest konieczną procedurą w przygotowaniu badań podstawowych. Nie są to badania reprezentatywne, natomiast pokazują kondycję wychowania religijnego w badanej populacji. Według nich ponad połowa respondentów interesuje się pogłębianiem swojej wiary i podejmuje różne działania, aby ją rozwijać. Reprezentują oni religijność kościelną. Argumentem dla podjęcia tematyki wychowania religijnego wśród Polonii francuskiej jest pluralizm religijny francuskiego społeczeństwa oraz idea Polaka-katolika. Są to zasadnicze konteksty edukacji religijnej tej grupy emigrantów, które zostały rozwinięte w niniejszym artykule.
Działalność Związku Katolicko-Społecznego w odniesieniu do emigracji i opieki nad wychodźcami w diecezji przemyskiej obrządku łacińskiego
Authors: Jaworski Piotr , Zych Sławomir
Published: December 2022

W drugiej połowie XIX wieku w Galicji zaznaczyła się masowa emigracja zarobkowa. Na zjawisko to zareagować musiał Kościół, ponieważ wychodźstwo było przyczyną zmian w postępowaniu wiernych, czasem kryzysów wiary, załamania się religijności, odrzucania zasad moralnych. W diecezji przemyskiej obrządku łacińskiego twórcą duszpasterstwa emigracyjnego był bp Józef Sebastian Pelczar. Problem wychodźstwa poruszany był na szczeblach parafii, dekanatów i diecezji. Wśród licznych zabiegów Kościoła przemyskiego o zapewnienie emigrantom opieki duszpasterskiej oraz zapobieganie negatywnym skutkom emigracji wskazać należy działalność Związku Katolicko-Społecznego. Organizacja ta miała kierować całokształtem pracy społecznej Kościoła. W wielu parafiach w oddziałach Związku powstały osobne sekcje do spraw emigracji. Temat wychodźstwa był poruszany podczas odczytów i pogadanek. Samych emigrantów wspierano organizacyjnie, materialnie i moralnie. Związek Katolicko-Społeczny starał się też dbać o ich formację duchową. Bardzo rzadko z kolei podejmowano starania o ograniczenie emigracji.
An overview of the sand fly salivary proteins in vaccine development against leishmaniases
Authors: Fayaz Shima , Bahrami Fariborz , Parvizi Parviz , Fard-Esfahani Pezhman , Ajdary Soheila
Published: December 2022

Leishmaniases are a group of vector-borne parasitic diseases transmitted through the infected sand flies. Leishmania parasites are inoculated into the host skinalong with sand fly saliva. The sand fly saliva consists of biologically active molecules with anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatoryproperties. Such properties help the parasite circumvent the host's immune responses. The salivary compounds support the survival and multiplication of the parasite and facilitate the disease progression. It is documented that frequent exposure to uninfected sand fly bites produces neutralizing antibodies against specific salivary proteins and further activates the cellular mechanisms to prevent the establishment of the disease. The im- mune responses due to sand flysaliva are highly specific and depend on the composition of the salivary molecules. Hence, thorough knowledge of these compounds in different sand flyspecies and information about their antigenicity are paramount to designing an effective vaccine. Herein, we review the composition of the sand fly saliva,immunomodulatory properties of some of its components, immune responses to its proteins, and potential vaccine candidates against leishmaniases.
Prevalence of main quinolones and carbapenems resistance genes in clinical and veterinary Escherichia coli strains
Authors: Karshenas Ali Ehsan , Zahraei Salehi Taghi , Adabi Maryam , Asghari Babak , Yahyaraeyat Ramak
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives: Antibiotics-resistant Escherichia coli strains are considered one of the most important causes of human and animal infectionsworldwide. The aim of current study was to detect common resistance (carbapenems and quinolones) genes by PCR.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 E. coli strains isolated from human urinary tract infection and 20 isolated strains of aborted sheep embryos were collected. PCR was performed using specific primers to detect the resistance genes.
Results: Overall, among the quinolones resistance genes, qnrS resistance gene had the highest frequency (48%) and among carbapenem resistance genes, impresistance gene had the highest frequency (45%). The frequency of resistance genes, IMP (28.45%), KPC (9.5%), VIM (9.15%), NDM (7.20%) were observedin clinical and veterinary strains, respectively. Accord- ing to the results, 38.6% of E. coli strains had at least one from five genes of resistance to quinolones.The lowest frequency of resistance gene was related to qnrA, which was observed in only 29 (24.2%) strains.
Conclusion: Monitoring of carbapenem and quinolone resistance in pathogenic E. coli to humans and animals has an im- portant value in revising treatment guidelines and the national public health, and plays an important role in preventing the spread of resistant strains.
Antimicrobial effect of silver and gold nanoparticles in combination with linezolid on Enterococcus biofilm
Authors: Sabzi Niloofar , Moniri Rezvan , Sehat Mojtaba , Fathizadeh Hadis , Nazari-Alam Ali
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives: In the past few years, application of new antimicrobial e.g. nanoparticles (NPs) to treat infec- tion caused by drug-resistantbacteria has increased. This study aimed to determine antimicrobial property of silver nanopar- ticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in combination with linezolid on Enterococcus biofilm.
Materials and Methods: A total of forty-eight isolates of Enterococcus spp. were collected and confirmed by PCR method. The synthesis of biocompatibleAgNPs was performed, then analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission ElectronMicroscopy. We carried out minimum inhibitory concen- tration (MIC) and biofilm forming capacity of AgNPs and AuNPs with linezolid.
Results: Twenty-two E. faecium isolates and twenty- six E. faecalis investigated in this study. Strong biofilm formation was seen in 12 (25%) of isolates, andothers isolates (75%) formed moderate biofilm. AgNPs and Au-NPs size were 26 nm and 20 nm respectively. The MIC of AgNPs was 23.2 μg/ml, and AuNPs were 92.1 μg/ml and the lowest MIC was obtained 2 μg/ml in linezolid. Biofilmformation inhibitory activity by AuNPs + Linezolide and AgNPs + Linezolide 70 to 80 percent increased in average.
Conclusion: The antibiofilm activity of AgNPs and AuNPs increased when both agents were used in combination with linezolid in comparison with each agent alone.
A case of onychomycosis caused by a terbinafine-susceptible Fusarium solani in Vietnam
Authors: Ngo Thi Minh Chau , Ton Nu Phuong Anh , Cao Le Chi , Thuy Ha Thi Ngoc , Thao Do Thi Bich , Thi Giang Tran
Published: December 2022

Fusarium spp. are the common onychomycosis pathogens in non-dermatophyte molds, and are considered resistant to many antifungal agents. We reportedonychomycosis of the fingernail caused by Fusarium solani in Vietnam. The minimum inhib- itory concentration of terbinafine against the tested isolate was1µg/ml, which was the lowest of all antimycotic agents. The patient was successfully treated with a daily dose of 250mg terbinafine for two months, and norecurrence occurred after a one-year follow-up. Antifungal susceptibility testing is recommended in Fusarium onychomycosis.
The differences between tattooed and non-tattooed individuals In body image coping strategies and attitudes toward cosmetic surgery
Authors: KUŞ Yasemin , TAN Ezgi
Published: December 2022

Objectives: This study aims to compare tattooed and non-tattooed individuals in terms of their attitude toward cosmetic surgery in multiple motivational sources. Also, the differences across groups are examined by use of three different body image coping strategies
Methods: Participants were 108 tattooed and 202 non tattooed individuals. Respondents were 267 females and 43 males from Turkey in a private university. Their age ranged between 18 to 29, and the mean age is 21.
Results: The analysis indicated that tattooed individuals had a more positive attitude toward any cosmetic surgery application. Also, there is a difference in appearance fixation coping strategy between two groups. Tattooed individuals prefered to use appearance fixation to cope with their body image. However, the effect size of this difference was negligible to small.
Conclusions: These results suggest that tattooed and non- tattooed individuals differ remarkably in cosmetic surgery attitude. Having tattoos has an effect on cosmetic surgery motivational sources. Tattooed individuals are more motivated and look positive toward cosmetic surgery interventions than non-tattooed individuals. Also, tattooed individuals use more appearance fixation coping strategy.
Could uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio be used to predict late-stage saphenous vein graft disease after coronary artery bypass graft surgery?
Authors: GÜVENÇ Orhan , ENGİN Mesut , DEMİR Ömer Furkan , ATA Filiz , YAVUZ Senol
Published: December 2022

Objectives: Various vascular grafts are used in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgeries, however, the most commonly used one is the saphenous vein graft (SVG). Various studies conducted on this topic have found a relationship between uric acid to HDL-C (UHR) and cardiovascular diseases. In this current study, we aimed to investigate the predictive importance of UHR value in predicting long-term SVG disease in patients who underwent CABG surgery.
Methods: Patients who had a history of CABG surgery at least one year prior, had stable angina pectoris, and underwent coronary angiography between January 01, 2016 and January 01, 2020, were included in the study retrospectively. Patients with open saphenous veins were defined as Group 1, and patients who had 50% or more stenosis in at least one SVG after coronary angiography, were defined as Group 2.
Results: The median age of the 204 patients included in Group 1 and 292 patients in Group 2 were 65 (38-77) years and 66 (45-79) years, respectively (p = 0.251). The two groups were similar in terms of gender, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rates, history of cerebrovascular events, ejection fraction, body mass index, and current medical treatments. In univariate analysis, SVG disease was found to significantly correlate with diabeter mellitus (odds ratio [OR]: 1.644, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.190-1.985, p = 0.008), current smoking (OR: 0.875, 95% CI: 0.669-0.940, p = 0.030), number of patients with target artery diameter < 1.5 mm (OR: 1.945, 95% CI: 1.221-2.398, p < 0.001), age of SVG (OR: 2.960, 95% CI: 1.980-4.168, p < 0.001), uric acid (OR: 1.241, 95% CI: 1.078-1.592, p = 0.004), triglyceride (OR: 0.780, 95% CI: 0.569-0.935, p = 0.044) and UHR (OR: 1.894, 95% CI: 1.384-2.896, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: In this study, we showed that we can predict saphenous vein graft occlusion with serum UHR value.
Remembering Dorothy E. Smith
Authors: Carroll Bill
Published: December 2022

Tributes by: Debbie Dergousoff, Daniel Grace, Liza McCoy, Eric Mykhalovskiy, Gary Kinsman, George J. Sefa Dei, Abigail B. Bakan
Finland and Northern Cyprus Primary Teacher Training Policies
Authors: Conkbayir Erkan
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study is to make proposals for the development of Northern Cyprus training teachers in primary education policies applied in the Turkish Republic. In the collection of research data, examining the document method was used. In this context; Among the most successful countries in international exams such as PISA and TIMSS, the structure of the institutions that train teachers for primary education, programs, teachers' selection and appointment process of the teachers were examined in Finland.The study also examined the teacher training policy in primary education in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,consequently determine similarities and the differences were presented. Also in the light of the similarities and the differences found in primary teacher training policy applied in Finland and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus has some suggestions.Â Â Â Â Â Keywords: Turkish Republic, Northern Cyprus, PISA and TIMSSÂ
The Morocco-Nigeria BIT: An Important Contribution to Ensuring the Accountability of TNCs for their Human Rights Violations?
Authors: Inyang Philippa Osim
Published: December 2022

Corporate accountability for human rights violations has been at the forefront of the business and human rights debate. This debate has focused on the establishment of binding human rights obligations on corporate entities, particularly following the Human rights Council’s initiative to establish a treaty on business and human rights– a mandate given to the open-ended intergovernmental working group on transnational corporations and other business enterprises with respect to human rights. Joining this debate, this paper briefly comments on relevant provisions of the 2016 Morocco-Nigeria Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) which appears to contain innovative provisions that seek to ensure that investors (who are often corporate entities) are held accountable for their investment activities that adversely impact human rights within their host States. Although the Morocco-Nigeria BIT remains exceptional within the investment treaty framework, it reflects an initiative to ensure that the next generation of BITs encourages greater corporate accountability for their human rights violations.