bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ασφάλεια ενεργειακών υποδομών
Authors: Καρνούτσος-Πάγκαλτσος Ιωάννης
Published: February 2023

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή αναφέρεται στην ασφάλεια των ενεργειακών υποδομών μέσα από την βιβλιογραφική έρευνα και την ανάλυση όλων των καταστάσεων κινδύνων που απειλούν τις διάφορες μορφές ενεργειακών υποδομών έχουν ανθρωπογενή προέλευση. Το ενεργειακό σύστημα αποτελεί την ραχοκοκαλιά κάθε σύγχρονου βιομηχανικού και μεταβιομηχανικού κράτους. Πάνω στην ενέργεια βασίζεται η οικονομία, η κοινωνική ευημερία και η εθνική ασφάλεια κάθε κράτους. Άμεσο επακόλουθο είναι οι εθνικές πολιτικές ενέργειας, οι γεωστρατηγικοί σχεδιασμοί και οι πολιτικές εθνικής ασφάλειας να συμπλέκονται. Σε αυτούς τους σχεδιασμούς η ενεργειακή ασφάλεια και η ασφάλεια των ενεργειακών υποδομών καταλαμβάνουν την κυρία θέση, στην προσπάθεια των κρατών να εξασφαλίσουν την ασφάλεια, την ισχύ και την ευημερία τους. Η έρευνα δίνει ιδιαίτερη έμφαση υβριδικές απειλές που απειλούν τις κρίσιμες ενεργειακές υποδομές. Απειλές όπως η πειρατεία, η τρομοκρατία, το κυβερνοέγκλημα και οι κυβερνοεπιθέσεις. Ερευνούμε τόσο την ποιοτική όσο και την ποσοτική διάσταση αυτών των απειλών, τα αίτια τους, τις επιπτώσεις τους και τους τρόπους αντιμετώπισης τους.Έπειτα κατηγοριοποιούμε τις υποδομές στην γεωγραφική τους διάσταση και έκταση για την συστηματοποίηση της έρευνας της προστασίας κάθε είδους υποδομής ξεχωριστά. Αναλύουμε και απειλές, ιδιαιτερότητες και προτείνουμε μέτρα προστασίας για τρεις ξεχωριστούς τομείς. Πρώτον για τις θαλάσσιες υποδομές στις οποίες εντάσσουμε και την ναυσιπλοΐα και τα πλοία, ακόμα και αν τυπικά΄ δεν αποτελούν υποδομή, ωστόσο έχουν οιονεί χαρακτήρα υποδομής. Στην θάλασσα λοιπόν αναλύουμε τις πτυχές της λειτουργίας και της προστασίας των εξεδρών, των πλοίων των υποθαλάσσιων υποδομών και των λιμένων που αν και χερσαία υποδομή η φύση της σύνδεσης με την θάλασσα τους εντάσσει στην αντίστοιχη κατηγορία. Στις χερσαίες υποδομές εμβαθύνουμε στις σημειακές εγκαταστάσεις, δηλαδή εγκαταστάσεις που γεωγραφικά προσδιορίζονται σε μία σχετικά περιορισμένη περιοχή (πχ εργοστάσια, διυλιστήρια, δεξαμενές κοκ). Επίσης αναλύονται ειδικώς ζητήματα προστασίας των αγωγών ενέργειας, με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στους διασυνοριακούς αγωγούς και τα χαρακτηριστικά τους. Το τελευταίο μέρος της έρευνας αφιερώνεται στο κυβερνοχώρο. Το άυλο του κυβερνοχώρου έχει εισάγει πρωτόγνωρες μεταβλητές ασφάλειας και απειλών για τις ενεργειακές εγκαταστάσεις. Διερευνάται στα πλαίσια αυτά η νομική και η πρακτική πτυχή της κυβερνοάμυνας όπως διαμορφώνεται στις ΗΠΑ και την ΕΕ. Στον επίλογο κάθε κεφαλαίου παρουσιάζουμε χαρακτηριστικά case studies από υποθέσεις που έχουν κύριο αντικείμενο την προστασία ενεργειακών υποδομών. Κάθε περίπτωση έχει επιλεγεί ώστε να παρουσιάζει μία διαφορετική πτυχή τόσο απειλής, όσο και νομικών προβληματισμών περί ευθύνης, καταλογισμού και προστασίας μίας υποδομής. Δεν διαφεύγει της έρευνας η ανάλυση της νομικής ευθύνης από μέτρα προστασίας των ενεργειακών υποδομών που ενδέχεται να λειτουργήσουν ενάντια στο συμφέρον των κυρίων των υποδομών αυτών.
Μελέτη επαγόμενων βλαβών του DNA κατόπιν ακτινοβόλησης κυττάρων με ιοντίζουσες ακτινοβολίες μέσω του μαθηματικού ακτινοβιολογικού μοντέλου MRM και κωδίκων προσομοίωσης Monte Carlo
Authors: Καλοσπύρος Σπυρίδων
Published: February 2023

Στην τετραμερή αυτή διατριβή μελετήθηκαν οι επαγόμενες βλάβες στο DNA κυττάρων που ακτινοβολούνται με βαρέα ιόντα. Στο πρώτο (και κύριο) μέρος της διατριβής αναπτύσσεται και εφαρμόζεται θεωρητικώς ένα φυσικο-μαθηματικό μοντέλο, το Μαθηματικό Ακτινοβιολογικό Μοντέλο (Mathematical Radiobiological Model, MRM). Η κατασκευή του μοντέλου αυτού βασίστηκε στη θεωρία Multiscale Approach (ΜSΑ) των Surdutovich, Solov’yov et al. To MRM υπολογίζει την κυτταρική επιβίωση, με αποτελέσματα που βρίσκονται σε καλή συμφωνία με τα συγκρινόμενα πειραματικά και επίσης το Λόγο Επαύξησης Οξυγόνου (OER), αλλά και τη Σχετική Βιολογική Δράση (RBE). Η καινοτομία του MRM -σε σχέση με τη θεωρία MSA- είναι σημαντικές διορθώσεις-τροποποιήσεις στη φυσικο-μαθηματική προσέγγιση της τελευταίας, η επέκτασή του σε περισσότερα ιόντα, καθώς και σε μεγαλύτερο φάσμα τιμών LET. Το MRM εφαρμόζεται στα ιόντα: πρωτόνια, 11B, 12C, 14N, 16O, 20Ne, 40Ar, 28Si και 56Fe. Μάλιστα, χρησιμοποιεί μόνον έναν μικρό αριθμό παραμέτρων εισόδου, δεν κάνει χρήση της προσαρμογής (fitting) σε πειραματικά δεδομένα και αποδεικνύεται ότι προβλέπει τις καμπύλες επιβίωσης για ένα μεγάλο φάσμα ευκαρυωτικών κυττάρων, ακτινοβολημένων με τα παραπάνω ιόντα. Επίσης, εφαρμόστηκε και σε πλασμίδια. Το δεύτερο μέρος κάνει χρήση των τεχνικών Monte Carlo, βασιζόμενο στο συνδυασμό δύο διαφορετικών -σε λειτουργία και σκοπό- τεχνικών (των MCNP και MCDS) για να προσομοιώσει ένα πυρηνικό ατύχημα (του Chernobyl) και να υπολογίσει τις βλάβες SSB και DSB στα κύτταρα ενός ανθρώπου εκτιθέμενου στην ακτινοβολία από ένα συγκεκριμένο ραδιονουκλίδιο (137Cs) που έχει επικαθήσει στο έδαφος. Τα υπολογισθέντα επίπεδα των βλαβών συνδυάζονται με ένα διαδικτυακό επίσημο υπολογιστικό πρόγραμμα για την εκτίμηση του κινδύνου καρκινογένεσης στο υπόλοιπο της ζωής κάποιου εκτιθέμενου ατόμου. Το τρίτο μέρος εφαρμόζει το μηχανιστικό μοντέλο που προτείνεται από τους Wang et al. 2018, για τον υπολογισμό των καμπυλών επιβίωσης και της RBE κυττάρων που ακτινοβολούνται με ιόντα, και το επεκτείνει εν μέρει σε πιο βαρέα ιόντα και σε ένα μεγάλο φάσμα τιμών LET. Το τέταρτο μέρος επεξεργάζεται τα πρωτογενή δεδομένα ακτινοθεραπείας με δέσμη πρωτονίων, όπως αυτά μας εστάλησαν από το St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (USA) και το Massachusetts General Hospital (USA). Η επεξεργασία αυτών των δεδομένων έγινε με τη χρήση του κώδικα MCDS, όπου υπολογίστηκε ο αριθμός των διαφόρων τύπων βλαβών (SSB, DSB, non-DSB και ο συνολικός αριθμός τους) για διαφορετικές συγκεντρώσεις του O2, καθώς και της RBE. Η σημασία των αποτελεσμάτων κρίνεται σημαντική και συνεισφέρουσα στην σύγχρονη επιστημονική έρευνα στον τομέα της Ακτινοβιολογίας, καθ’ ότι παρέχει νέους τρόπους υπολογισμού και εκτίμησης των βλαβών σε κύτταρα ακτινοβολούμενα στα πλαίσια σύγχρονων αδρονικών θεραπειών ογκολογικών ασθενών, προάγοντας, έτσι, την έρευνα και εν γένει την επιστήμη στη era nova της ιατρο-τεχνολογίας.
Four point functions in momentum space and topological terms in gravity
Authors: Θεοφιλόπουλος Δημοσθένης
Published: February 2023

Στο πρώτο μέρος της διατριβής επικεντρωνόμαστε στις Σύμμορφες Θεωρίες Πεδίου (CFTs) στο χώρο των θέσεων. Αφού θέσουμε τα θεμέλια των Σύμμορφων Θεωριών Πεδίου, αναδεικνύουμε μια μέθοδο που, με χρήση του embedding space φορμαλισμού, μπορούμε να παράγουμε τις βαθμωτές συναρτήσεις συσχετισμού n-σημείων. Στη συνέχεια της ανάλυσής μας, συζητάμε σύμμορφες ανωμαλίες στο χώρο των ορμών και την επανακανονικοποίηση των συναρτήσεων συσχετισμών με χρήση αντισταθμιστικών όρων ώστε να καταλήξουμε στη θεωρία της ανώμαλης δράσης. Στο δεύτερο μέρος, εξάγουμε και αναλύουμε τις σύμμορφες ταυτότητες του Ward (Conformal Ward Identities - CWIs) συναρτήσεων 4 σημείων με τανυστές τάσης.Οι συναρτήσεις αυτές περιλαμβάνουν τον τανυστή τάσης ενέργειας Τ και 3 βαθμωτούς τελεστές Ο ( TOOO ). Εξάγουμε τη δομή των CWIs σε δύο διαφορετικές διατάξεις των μεταβλητών, που σχετίζονται είτε με τις διαδικασίες σκέδασης, 1 σε 3 (1 γκραβιτόνιο → 3 βαθμωτά πεδία) είτε με τη διαδικασία 2 σε 2 (γκραβιτόνιο + βαθμωτό → 2 βαθμωτά). Συνεχίζουμε την ανάλυσή μας με βάση μια διαφορετική συνάρτηση συσχετισμού, εκείνη με 4 τανυστές τάσης. Μελετάμε τη δομή της σύμμορφης "ενεργής" και ανώμαλης δράσης μέχρι την 4η τάξη σε μια επέκταση με βάση τις βαρυτικές διακυμάνσεις (h) της μετρικής υποβάθρου στο όριο του επίπεδου χωροχρόνου. Σχολιάζουμε την επανακανονικοποίηση των συναρτήσεων 4 σημείων με τανυστές τάσης (4Τ) στις Σύμμορφες Θεωρίες Πεδίου σε τέσσερις διαστάσεις. Καταλήγουμε με μια ανάλυση των τοπολογικών όρων που εμπλέκονται στην επανακανονικοποίηση και συνεπώς στις διορθώσεις βαρυτικών θεωριών.
Διαγράμματα ελέγχου τύπου μνήμης για την παρακολούθηση του μέσου και της διασποράς της διεργασίας
Authors: Λάππα Αγγελική
Published: February 2023

Τα διαγράμματα ελέγχου είναι πολύ δημοφιλή εργαλεία ποιότητας, τα οποία χρησιμοποιούνται για τον εντοπισμό και τον έλεγχο των αποκλίσεων βιομηχανικών διεργασιών στον Στατιστικό Έλεγχο Διεργασιών. Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή διακρίνεται σε δύο μέρη. Στο πρώτο μέρος παρουσιάζουμε πέντε νέα διαγράμματα ελέγχου τύπου μνήμης για την ταυτόχρονη παρακολούθηση του μέσου και της διασποράς της διεργασίας, ενώ στο δεύτερο μέρος παρουσιάζουμε τρία νέα διαγράμματα ελέγχου τύπου μνήμης για την παρακολούθηση της διασποράς της διεργασίας. Το Κεφάλαιο 1 παρέχει μια εισαγωγή στον Στατιστικό Έλεγχο Διεργασιών και την κύρια τεχνική του, το διάγραμμα ελέγχου. Στο Κεφάλαιο 2 δίνεται μια ανασκόπηση των διαγραμμάτων ελέγχου για την ταυτόχρονη παρακολούθηση του μέσου και της μεταβλητότητας της διεργασίας και, συγκεκριμένα, των ενιαίων (single) διαγραμμάτων ελέγχου. Στο Κεφάλαιο 3 προτείνουμε ένα single Max-DGWMA διάγραμμα ελέγχου, για την ταυτόχρονη ανίχνευση μετατοπίσεων στο μέσο της διεργασίας και/ή στη διασπορά της διεργασίας. Στο Κεφάλαιο 4 παρουσιάζουμε ένα νέο single Max-TEWMA διάγραμμα ελέγχου για την ταυτόχρονη ανίχνευση ανοδικών και καθοδικών μετατοπίσεων στο μέσο της διεργασίας και/ή στη διασπορά της διεργασίας. Στο Κεφάλαιο 5 εισάγουμε ένα νέο single SS-TEWMA διάγραμμα ελέγχου τύπου μνήμης, που ανιχνεύει ταυτόχρονα μετατοπίσεις στο μέσο της διεργασίας και/ή στη διασπορά της διεργασίας. Στο Κεφάλαιο 6 επεκτείνουμε το single EWMA-SC διάγραμμα σε ένα single DEWMA-SC διάγραμμα ελέγχου. Στο Κεφάλαιο 7 αναπτύσσουμε ένα νέο single TEWMA-Max διάγραμμα ελέγχου για την από κοινού παρακολούθηση της μέσης τιμής και της διακύμανσης της διεργασίας. Στο Κεφάλαιο 8 παρουσιάζεται μια ανασκόπηση των διαγραμμάτων ελέγχου για την παρακολούθηση της μεταβλητότητας της διεργασίας. Στο Κεφάλαιο 9 παρουσιάζουμε ένα νέο TEWMA διάγραμμα ελέγχου για την παρακολούθηση της διασποράς της διεργασίας (S^2-TEWMA διάγραμμα), με βάση έναν λογαριθμικό μετασχηματισμό τριών παραμέτρων στη δειγματική διακύμανση. Στο Κεφάλαιο 10 προτείνουμε ένα διάγραμμα ελέγχου με κινητούς μέσους και γενικευμένα βάρη (GWMA) που βασίζεται σε έναν λογαριθμικό μετασχηματισμό τριών παραμέτρων για την παρακολούθηση μετατοπίσεων στη μεταβλητότητα της διεργασίας (S^2-GWMA διάγραμμα). Στο Κεφάλαιο 11 παρουσιάζουμε ένα νέο διπλό GWMA (DGWMA) διάγραμμα ελέγχου, που βασίζεται σε έναν λογαριθμικό μετασχηματισμό τριών παραμέτρων για την παρακολούθηση της μεταβλητότητας της διεργασίας (S^2-DGWMA διάγραμμα). Τέλος, το Κεφάλαιο 12 συνοψίζει τη διατριβή.
Τα γεωμετρικά όντα στον Αριστοτέλη
Authors: Καρασμάνης Ορέστης
Published: February 2023

Στη διατριβή αυτή πραγματεύομαι θέματα της φιλοσοφίας της γεωμετρίας του Αριστοτέλη. Στην πρώτη ένότητα παραθέτω μετάφραση και σχόλια των τριών πρώτων κεφαλαίων του βιβλίου Μ των Μετά τα Φυσικά καθώς και του εκτενούς χωρίου 193b22-194a14 από το Β 2 των Φυσικών. Στη συνέχεια εξετάζω τις έννοιες της αφαίρεσης και της νοητής ύλης οι οποίες διαδραματίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στη φιλοσοφία της γεωμετρίας του Αριστοτέλη. Τέλος πραγματεύομαι το πώς, συμφωνα με την αριστοτελική θεωρία, μπορούμε να έχουμε τέλεια γεωμετρικά όντα. Στη δεύτερη ενότητα της διατριβής ασχολούμε με το πως, πρωταρχικά, μπορούμε να φτάσουμε να έχουμε γνώση των τέλειων γεωμετρικών όντων, από τη στιγμή που, πλην των ουρανίων σωμάτων τα οποία, κατά τον Αριστοτέλη, είναι τέλεια σφαιρικά, δεν υπάρχουν άλλα αισθητά όντα όντα των οποίων το σχήμα να ενέχει γεωμετρικής τελειότητας.
A graph theoretic modeling framework for generalized transportation systems with congestion phenomena
Authors: Καλαφατάς Γεώργιος
Published: February 2023

Συμβολή στη δυναμική κατανομή κυκλοφορίας βασισμένη στη θεωρία γράφων και στο Cell Transmission Model.
Correlation between salivary immunoglobulin A and interleukin-1beta in smokers with dental caries
Authors: Al-ibraheem Jaber , Zyara Yassir , Al-Quraine Nibrass , Abdulridha Wasna’a
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases of the oral cavity, and is an inflammatory disease caused by several factors. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a major mediator of acute inflammation and essential for the development of specific immune responses. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of secretory IgA (s-IgA) and IL-1β in the saliva of smokers with dental caries, and to discover the correlation between these parameters and dental caries.

Methods. Saliva samples were collected from 30 smokers, age range 21–70 years, with dental caries, in addition to 18 healthy non-smoker volunteers, age range 21–65 years. s-IgA and IL-1β levels in the saliva samples were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results. The mean saliva IgA levels between smokers with dental caries group and healthy subjects were not significantly different (p=0.077), while the saliva levels of IL-1β were higher in the smokers with dental caries group, with a significant difference of p<0.05. No significant associations were found between s-IgA and IL-1β levels, and other parameters such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p>0.05). There were highly positive associations and significant differences between IL-1β and CRP levels in the two groups under the study (p=0.006).

Conclusions. Our study revealed a significant increase in IL-1β levels in saliva of smokers with dental caries, and a positive association between IL-1β levels and caries disease. There is no significant relationship between elevated IL-1β levels and s-IgA in smokers with dental caries.
The genome sequence of the Large Skipper, Ochlodes sylvanus, (Esper, 1777)
Authors: Lohse Konrad , Hayward Alex , Vila Roger ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Carvalho Ana Paula S. , Kawahara Akito Y. ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Ochlodes sylvanus, the Large Skipper (Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Hesperiidae). The genome sequence is 380 megabases in span. Most of the assembly (99.97%) is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the assembled W and Z sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.1 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 13,451 protein coding genes.
Is Wife’s Marital Satisfaction Associated with Husband’s Dominance in Family Affairs? Empirical Evidence from China
Authors: Li Zhongwu
Published: February 2023

Employing data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), the paper empirically examines the relation between husband’s dominance in family affairs and wife’s marital satisfaction. While applying the ordinal probit model and ordinary least squares (OLS) method, the paper finds that wife’s reported marital satisfaction is positively associated with her husband’s dominant role in family affairs. This conclusion remains valid after using an instrumental variable to deal with endogeneity and performing some robustness tests. Some heterogeneities exist: the association is particularly prominent among those women who have traditional gender norms and are living in rural areas. These women tend to embrace the traditional gender ideology which stipulates that men are the masters of the family.
“It’s Creative Stuff!” The REF Impact Agenda and the Discursive (Re)Positioning of Academics
Authors: Angermuller Johannes , Wroblewska Marta
Published: February 2023

The higher education sector is increasingly subject to formal evaluation practices. Individuals, institutions and entire systems are assessed, evaluated and ranked by actors from the public and private sectors. Existing research often focuses on the goals, values and criteria of academic evaluation. In this article, however, we discuss evaluation as a discursive practice consisting of academics positioning themselves across different social arenas. Closer scrutiny will be applied to the evaluation of (extra-academic) impact as defined by the British Research Excellence Framework (REF). Based on interview data collected in the context of REF 2014, we analyse how academics negotiate their subject positions linguistically and socially across different academic arenas. As positioning experts, academics respond to the challenges of institutional evaluation by switching between different and often contradictory logics. We present both the theoretical background – social perspectives on polyphonic subjectivity – and a methodological approach to evaluation as a practice of positioning and repositioning by academics in the social world of academia.
Metaphors in Child Discourse: Interpretive Research from a Participatory Perspective
Authors: Wiśniewska-Kin Monika
Published: February 2023

This article presents the study results of an educational project focused on visual metaphor in initiated child discourse. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge of children between the ages of 9 and 10 years old regarding the target domain of metaphorical projection (concerning togetherness) and children’s metaphorisation skills in the area of recognising similarities and differences between the target domain and the source domain of visual metaphor in an artistic picture book. In the designed didactic intervention activities, the research material originated from participant observation, focus interviews,and analysis of children’s creations (graphic visualisations). The research was conducted on two groups of third graders in selected primary schools in the metropolitan environment of Łódź, Poland. The results illustrate children’s preferences for translating one domain ofmetaphor with another, as well as the strategies for constructing children’s knowledge with respect to life in a relationship. Furthermore, they point towards the need for expanding the educational environment in Polish educational culture.
Framing Analysis – Possibilities of Use in Studies of Media Discourse on Higher Education
Authors: Rzyska Aleksandra
Published: February 2023

This article presents the basic assumptions and tools characteristic of framing analysis – a perspective of reconstructing schemas of interpretation (frames) in public communication. The potential of framing in research on discourse, especially in analyses of media discourse and higher education, has been described, along with an example of designing an analytical process of media framing of the university in the context of the currentreform of higher education in Poland. Introducing the essentials of framing and reflection on the processes of assigning meanings are in line with the goal of promoting conscious participation in public discourse and shaping the reality of higher education and thecontemporary university.
The symbolism of fear-themed drawings of Turkish and Polish children
Authors: Konieczna Ewelina , Talu Ertugrul
Published: February 2023

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad rysunkiem o tematyce lęku przeprowadzonych w grupie dzieci tureckich i dzieci polskich. Celem badań było poznanie lęków dzieci w wieku 6-10 lat. Badania polegały na porównaniu symboli rozpoznanych na rysunkach dzieci obu narodowości oraz ich interpretacji uwzględniającej kontekst kulturowy. Na potrzeby analizy porównawczej sformułowane zostały następujące pytania: Jaka symbolika występuje na rysunkach badanych dzieci? Jakie są podobieństwa i różnice w symbolice przedstawionej na rysunkach? Jak można zinterpretować rozpoznane symbole? Najwięcej zidentyfikowanych symboli lęku związanych było z kategorią zwierząt. Podczas próby interpretacji znaczenia symboli autorzy badań przyjęli, że uchwycone podobieństwa wynikają z ewolucyjnego pochodzenia lęku przed zwierzętami. Natomiast zaobserwowane różnice w użytej symbolice lęku mogą być spowodowane czynnikami kulturowymi.
Determinants of Professional Success – About the Beliefs of Primary School Students
Authors: Kozielska Joanna Wanda
Published: February 2023

The paper focuses on the issue of professional success and its perception. The study, carried out using the diagnostic survey method, covered 1099 respondents – students atprimary schools, residing in a medium-sized city in Poland. It solved the following research problems: How do youth perceive life and professional success? What associations do male and female students of primary and secondary schools have about post-primary education(vocational/trade school, technical vs. comprehensive school)? What educational pathways do students perceive as prestigious and not prestigious, as enabling professional success and preventing the same? Which professions do students at primary schools perceive as prestigious and non-prestigious? What, in young people’s opinion, are the conditions conducive to professional success? What is the youth’s self-esteem in terms of opportunities to achieve professional success? How do selected socio-demographic characteristics differentiate the perception of professional success, its determinants, and self-esteem concerning the chances of achieving it? An alarming fact is that the beliefs of nearly half the students from the present research sample appear to be that to achieve success, it is necessary to have connections or luck. This arouses concern because, in the expectation of chance, luck (in case of lack of connections) students may adopt a passive attitude inthe context of creativity and in fact “moving forward (without their active participation)” in their educational and professional careers.
Adolescents’ Cyberdating Relationships and the Socialisation Background: Links with Sexism in Spanish Society and Pornography Consumption
Authors: Gómez Soledad  Andrés , Pasikowski Sławomir , Bruno Luana
Published: February 2023

The present paper synthesises the results obtained in an exploratory study about adolescents’ online cyberdating relationships. The main objective of the study was to verifywhether the quality of these relationships depends on pornography consumption, beliefs about sexism in Spanish society, and sex as a variable associated with differentiatingsocio-cultural factors. A total of 240 secondary school students randomly selected from the Castilla-La Mancha region in Spain constituted the sample for the study. The Cyberdating Q_A questionnaire was used to measure the quality of dating relationships among adolescents on social networks. The relationship between the variables considered was tested in a multivariate analysis of the variance model. According to the results, pornographyconsumption was the only factor differentiating the selected dimensions of cyberdating relationships. Sex and sexism turned out to be insignificant. The results were discussed.
Mental Resilience of Polish Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021
Authors: Oszwa Urszula
Published: February 2023

Introduction. As reported in the literature, the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms in students due to social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic prompted research on the psychosocial resources of adolescents, which was revealed in the form of resilience. Research Aim. Answers were sought to three research questions concerning: a) the resilience of Polish adolescents during the pandemic in 2021, b) the differentiation within the measured components of resilience, and c) the comparison of resilience between female and male students. Method. The electronic version of the Polish Mental Resilience Scale (SPP-18), standardised in the group of Polish adolescents and teenagers aged 12–18, was used for the online assessment of n = 263 students (F = 137; M = 126) aged 12–16. Results. The analysis of the students’ responses indicates the raised level of their resilience in the pandemic (7/10 in standard ten), differentiation within the components with the highest score for the sense of humour and the lowest for negative affect tolerance. Differences in the level of resilience due to gender were statistically insignificant, although the results of girls were slightly higher in all dimensions compared to those of boys. Conclusion. The raised level of resilience in the assessed sample seems optimistic, especially with respect to the majority of the students (about 70%). However, about 10% of the students in each of the 18 items declared low personal resilience competencies. Such groups of adolescents should be looked after, and if possible, periodically re-assessed to observe the changes in their level of resilience over time.
Methodological Naturalists Need Not Commit to Metaphysical Naturalism
Authors: Bikaraan-Behesht Hamed
Published: February 2023

In their paper “Should Methodological Naturalists Commit to Metaphysical Naturalism?” Zargar et al. try to show that the correct answer to the question that the title of their paper poses is positive. They argue that methodological naturalism has a metaphysical presupposition, namely causal closure, and an epistemological consequence, namely evidentialism. Causal closure and evidentialism imply metaphysical naturalism. Thus, they conclude, one who believes in methodological naturalism should also endorse causal closure, evidentialism, and metaphysical naturalism as a result. In this paper, I criticize their argument and argue that it is deficient in (at least) two different ways. First, what they consider to be methodological naturalism is in fact a strawman: that is another – more radical – thesis that may be called methodological anti-supernaturalism. Second, and most importantly, even methodological anti-supernaturalism does not in essence need causal closure for its justification. Then, methodological naturalists are not required to adhere to causal closure or metaphysical naturalism.
Extraterrestrial Soteriology
Authors: Slagle Jim
Published: February 2023

One scientific objection to religion is that the discovery of extraterrestrial life would show that our religions are not veridical, with Christianity being the most common target. I will first look at a parallel issue, the ancient and medieval controversy over antipodes. This raises two problematic Christian doctrines that would apply equally to extraterrestrials: the transmission of original sin and the cosmic fall. These issues raise questions about their spiritual status, but I conclude that not having such answers does not amount to an objection to Christianity’s credibility.
Understanding Loneliness in Pre- and Post-Pandemic Times
Authors: Anrubia Enrique
Published: February 2023

Loneliness was one the most important matters during The Covid Pandemic. This paper claims that this “lonely situation” was a previous cultural condition. Loneliness belongs to a certain style of life of the Western Culture as an effect of the cultural way of living during the last decades. For this purpose, we will show the way loneliness has been researched during the last 70 years, which is mostly from a psychological and emotional point of view. On the opposite, we will show 2 reasonings to declare the “emotional loneliness” not enough in order to understand this phenomenon. Finally, we will introduce structural cultural elements – taking Sweden as an example of a very modern western socialdemocracy – to show loneliness as way of life and not only a way of feeling. That conclusion allows us to re-ask the cultural control of an isolated individual in pre-Pandemic times.
Potrzeby chińskojęzycznych studentów uczących się języka polskiego jako obcego
Authors: Huiling Zhang
Published: February 2023

This article presents the results of research carried out in 2019–2021 as part of the project entitled Needs analysis of Chinese-speaking students of the one-year course of Polish language and culture at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. The research aimed at better adapting the annual language and culture course, which takes place in Poland. The paper presents the characteristics of respondents, their motivations and goals, methods and techniques for conducting various types of lessons of Polish language and culture in their eyes, and additional comments that should be mentioned in the future.
Co nosimy w sobie jak pieczęć? O próbach przełamywania wzorów myślenia oraz rozwijania świadomości kulturowej
Authors: Czerkies Tamara
Published: February 2023

The text presents cross-cultural educational process of Chinese students with using of the Polish culture texts. It describes didactic experience – two years common work during the Programme Polish Studies: Language-Culture-Society at Jagiellonian University during the first edition in 2019–2021. We consider some theoretical notions of what cross- -cultural model of teaching means and discuss some works: B. Karpińska-Musiał (2015) and E. Bandura (2007) as it could help better understand what educational process with students from far distance culture identity requires from the teachers.
Projekt edukacyjny jako aktywizująca metoda nauczania międzykulturowego
Authors: Bucko Dominika
Published: February 2023

The article concerns the assumptions, course and results of the project conducted as part of language classes, and then in the form of a separate subject while working with Chinese students. It indicates how participation in the implementation of projects influenced the activation of students, emboldened them when establishing interaction with Polish peers and allowed them to get to know the culture and realities of life in Poland from the perspective of young, studying Poles. The second part of the project focused on getting to know and compiling various aspects of Polish and Chinese culture of interest to the learners, among others, important holidays and traditions, cuisine, ways of spending free time, popular artists, or athletes.
Program seminarium licencjackiego w odniesieniu do nowych wyzwań stojących przed studiami polonistycznymi w Chinach
Authors: Horbatowski Piotr
Published: February 2023

Polish culture is one of the most frequently chosen topics for bachelor’s theses by students of Chinese Polish studies. This puts the seminar leaders in the task of an intercultural approach to the seminar classes. The article will present a general outline of the cooperation between the Jagiellonian University and departments of Polish studies at various Chinese universities. Next, the most important principles of an intercultural approach to the implementation of the bachelor seminar program focused on Polish culture by individual students will be outlined.
Developing a Model for Sustainable Development in Education Based on Convergence Education
Authors: Kim Keejoo , Bae Eunsuk , Lee Myungsuk
Published: February 2023

Education for sustainable development (ESD) refers to education on the values and behaviors necessary for a sustainable future and society where everyone receives high-quality benefits. In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, convergence thinking is emphasized as a method of ESD. Therefore, this study aims to derive a model for developing open convergence subjects for ESD. The idea for this model was derived by combining the process of establishing a Convergence Department at Rey Juan Carlos University in Spain and the unit activities of Kyoto University in Japan. The challenges of failing to achieve the original goal and purpose of convergence due to emphasizing specific majors were solved by defining requirements for the model. Convergence subjects that meet the requirements are developed by following the order of the proposed model. In the future, a convergence subject pilot model will be applied using the proposed model to present and operate a course development process called “technology and future are seen through the window of currency”.
Evaluation of the 9th-grade 2018 Physics Curriculum With Multilevel Rasch Analysis
Authors: Erdamar Fatih Selim , Arcagök Serdar
Published: February 2023

This study aims to examine the 9th-grade 2018 physics curriculum according to various criteria. A cross-sectional survey model was used. The sample consists of 36 physics teachers working in various high schools in 12 regions of Turkey in the 2022-2023 academic year. The data of the study were collected via the “9th-grade 2018 physics curriculum Evaluation Form”. The data collected via the evaluation form were determined with the multilevel Rasch analysis program. The results of the research revealed that the criteria determined in the evaluation of the 9th-grade physics curriculum differed in terms of strictness and generosity. In addition, the quantitative data analysis revealed that the physics teachers mostly comply with the criteria set in the program while they disapprove of some criteria. The physics teachers reported some deficiencies in the objectives, content, and educational status of the elements included in the program. In this context, it is recommended that the achievements of the 9th-grade 2018 physics curriculum be reviewed in line with the evaluations of the stakeholders related to the subject.
The Soviet model and the economic Cold War: A vindication of the viability of socialism
Authors: Tucker Noah
Published: February 2023

The most devastating rebuttal of socialism – eclipsing all the evils and failures of the capitalist system – is that it just does not work; for which the prime evidence is the (alleged) dismal performance of the USSR’s economic model of state ownership and planning. Underpinning that narrative are pro-market theories which are falsified, in what they say about capitalism, by our daily experience; this article challenges their claims and explanations regarding socialism. The attempt to build an economy which could power the road to a communist future encompassed astonishing successes, as well as serious difficulties presaging its eventual defeat. To understand these problems, as well as the achievements, requires consideration of something which is absent from the prevailing narratives about the “actually existing socialism” of the 20th century: the huge importance of international technology transfers in economic development, and of the power deployed by the USA - during the Cold War, and increasingly again today – in imposing technology sanctions to reinforce its global dominance.
Laser Guide Stars and Large Astronomical Telescopes
Authors: Max Claire E.
Published: February 2023

We discuss issues which enter into the design of an adaptive optics and laser guide star system for large astronomical telescopes, using the 10-meter W.M. Keck Telescope on Mauna Kea as an example.
Sodium Guide Star Adaptive Optics System for Astronomical Imaging in the Visible and Near-Infrared*
Authors: Gavel D. T. , Morris J. R. , Vernon R. G.
Published: February 2023

We are building an adaptive-optic telescope system that is based on the use of an artificial guide star created by laser-induced flourescence of the sodium mesospheric layer. This paper discusses the system design for mid-visible to near-infrared compensation of a one meter telescope at Livermore and near-infrared compensation of the ten meter Keck telescope at Mauna Kea. We calculate the expected Strehl ratio and resolution for a 69 channel deformable mirror system and also for a possible 241 channel system upgrade. With the 69 actuator system we expect near diffraction limited resolution, about 0.2 arcsec, with a Strehl ratio of about 0.5 at λ=0.8 µm on the 1m telescope, and resolution of about 0.05 arcsec with a Strehl ratio of about 0.5 at λ=2.0 µm on the 10m telescope. Resolution will be limited by the performance of the tip/tilt correction loop, which uses an off-axis natural guide star as a reference. At Livermore, our design uses an existing high power (1 kW) laser source, which is expected to provide an approximately 6’th magnitude artificial guide star. This strong beacon signal allows a short integration time in the wavefront sensor so that temporal changes in the atmospheric turbulence can be tracked accurately. For Mauna Kea, we explore how the system to be built for the Livermore site would perform in the infrared, assuming a 100 W laser source.
A Decade of Balloon Microthermal Probe Measurements of Optical Turbulence
Authors: Beland Robert R.
Published: February 2023

Measurements of atmospheric optical turbulence have been made over the past decade using the thermosonde, a balloon-borne microthermal device that measures the time-averaged temperature differences between two fine wire probes. A probe separation of 1 m is used. Under these conditions, the time averaged temperature difference is an estimate of the refractive index structure constant,

C
n
2

. This estimate is performed by on board circuitry and provides a measurement every 20 meters. In addition to

C
n
2

, the thermosonde is mated to a radiosonde and simultaneously measures winds and meteorological parameters. This combination of optical turbulence and meteorological data gives the thermosonde unique capabilities for studying atmospheric turbulence and its relation to atmospheric conditions.
Differential Dome Seeing Monitor
Authors: Iye Masanori , Nishihara Eiji
Published: February 2023

The evaluation and control of atmospheric turbulence in the upper atmosphere and around the telescope environment are growing concerns, since these are the last limiting factors in improving the imaging quality of large ground based telescopes. The adaptive optics is naturally a recent topical dynamic approach to control the optical wavefront aberration using a real time servo system. Another line of pains-taking efforts have been made to improve the thermal environment more favorable to telescopes. They are, for example, 1) reducing the thermal mass and thermal time constant of mirrors, telescope structure, and dome structure, 2) removing unneseccary heat sources and cooling the dome against daylight heating, 3) flushing the trapped warm air inside the telescope enclosure, and so on.
Liquid crystal-based phase screens as wavefront correctors in astronomical adaptive optics: status report of the AdOpt project
Authors: Bonaccini D. , Brusa G. , Esposito S. , Ranfagni P. , Stefanini P. , Biliotti V.
Published: February 2023

Wavefront correctors (WFC) in adaptive optics systems are usually made of thin continuous or segmented mirrors, which are shaped by the converse piezo-electric or magnetostrictive effects. Three years ago we started a government-funded research aimed at evaluating the feasibility of a WFC for astronomy, based on the electro-optical effect in nematic liquid crystals (NLC). If homogeneusely aligned NLCs are tuned, their extraordinary refractive index vary, with a variation range up to 0.3. If we superimpose two layers at 90 degrees, we can have an addressable matrix with varying refractive index. When applying small voltages to each actuator cell, the LC long molecules align along the electric field, thus rotating the Fresnel ellipsoid.
Spatial Interferometry in the Mid Infrared
Authors: Townes Charles H.
Published: February 2023

A spatial interferometer for high angular resolution of astronomical objects has been constructed and installed on Mount Wilson. It involves two movable telescopes each of 65-inch aperture, heterodyne detection using CO2 lasers as local oscillators, laser monitoring of optical path lengths, and lobe rotation.
Computer simulations for the AdOpt system employing liquid crystal wavefront correctors.
Authors: Bonaccini D. , Brusa G. , Esposito S. , Biliotti V. , Ranfagni P. , Stefanini P.
Published: February 2023

We describe a computer simulation of an adaptive optics system employing a nematic liquid crystal based wavefront corrector. In some previous works we studied ”static” performance of this system considering only spatial characteristics of atmospheric turbulence. In order to evaluate more properly the performance of this system we have taken into account the temporal characteristic of degraded wavefront and the feedback loop controlling the actuators of the wavefront corrector.
Toward Good Diffraction Limited Imaging with 8 meter Class Telescopes
Authors: Sandler D. , Angel R. , Lloyd-Hart M. , Dekany R. , Colucci D.
Published: February 2023

Adaptive control of atmospheric phase distortion will be needed if the full potential of the new generation of 6-10 m telescopes is to be realized. To date, experiments testing laser guide star methods have been limited to 1-m class telescopes; experiments using natural guide stars for infrared correction are in progress by UH at 3.6 m on CFHT and at 7-m baselines by our group on the MMT. Given the promising results arising from all of these efforts, there is every reason to believe that adaptive correction at optical wavelengths is indeed feasible. The purpose of this paper is to discuss our approach toward resolving the technical challenges that remain to bridge the gap between present capabilities and the goal of optical diffraction-limited resolution at 6-10 meters.
Fabrication of Large Thin Meniscus Active Optics for Space Telescopes
Authors: McCarthy-Brow Theresa , Sebring Thomas A.
Published: February 2023

The Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) has funded several efforts in the development of large active telescope technology. Among these have been the optical fabrication of extremely thin and flexible large optical facesheets for primary mirrors. Current efforts are focussed on the Large Optical Segment (LOS) Program. This effort was initiated with parallel design efforts performed by Eastman Kodak and Litton-Itek Optical Systems. Subsequently, Corning Glass was funded to fabricate two large Ultra Low Expansion (ULE) glass facesheets. Currently Itek is funded to perform the optical finishing of these facesheets. Many of the technologies developed are already finding their way into support of astronomical telescope construction.
Large Scale Shearing Interferometer for Natural and Laser Guide Stars
Authors: Baran Bruce W. , Horwitz Bruce A.
Published: February 2023

In 1985/86 Itek Optical Systems designed, built, and tested a subscale prototype of a polarization shearing interferometer called the Field Scale Wavefront Sensor for SDIO under contract to the Rome Air Development Center. The full scale sensor was designed to measure monochromatic, pulsed wavefronts on a 64x64 sampling grid (4000 subapertures), at rates up to 10,000 wavefronts per second. These data rates would have been achieved using 8 separate, multi-port self-scanned photodiode arrays. Each array required a gated intensifier both to act as a shutter and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in the otherwise noisy arrays.
Second Harmonic Generation and Sum Frequency Generation in Optical Systems
Authors: Bierlein John D. , Pont Du
Published: February 2023

Optical waveguides offer potentially significant advantages to bulk crystals for efficient second harmonic generation from relatively low power sources because the fundamental optical beam can be tightly confined over long interaction lengths. However, since channel waveguides must be used to achieve this confinement, phase matching becomes a severe problem. Because the channel orientation is predefined, birefringence angle tuning, which is commonly used with bulk crystals, cannot be used and temperature tuning, when it can be used, usually requires precise temperature control. Also, since the effective propagation constants depend on guide geometry, the waveguide dimensions must be tightly controlled over the entire optical path length. Although guided second harmonic generation has been observed in uniform channel waveguides using both LiNbO3 and KTiOPO4 normalized conversion efficiencies have not exceeded about 5%/W-cm2 and considerable sample-to-sample variation in efficiency and/or phase matching temperature is common.
Blue Green Injection Laser Made of Nitride Semiconductors
Authors: Pankove Jacques I.
Published: February 2023

An injection laser is proposed that is capable of emitting coherent radiation in the spectral range from green to ultraviolet. This will be achieved by injecting holes from a p-type substrate through an asymmetric barrier into InN quantum wells, while the electrons will be provided by the host GaN. The electrons will be retained in the region of the quantum wells by the asymmetric barrier. Radiative recombination will occur inside the quantum wells at a wavelength determined by the thickness of the InN layer. The shortest wavelength obtainable in this system is 360 nm, corresponding to recombination across the GaN bandgap. The blue-green spectral region will be readily obtained with InN strained layers.
The State of Blue/Green ZnSe-based Laser Diodes
Authors: Salokatve A. , Han J. , Gunshor R. L. , Nurmikko A.V.
Published: February 2023

We will describe a CW room temperature laser diode employing Zn(Se,Te) graded contacts to p-ZnSe, and having a threshold below 30mA at 6.8V.
High-power spectral and spatial beam control using self-phase modulation and a multisegment monochromator
Authors: Wilcox R. , Pennington D. , Eimerl D. , Weiland T. , Henesian M.
Published: February 2023

To suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in fusion plasmas, a four-beam, four-wavelength illumination scheme is being proposed for the next-generation fusion laser being designed at Livermore. We are simulating this geometry on the Nova laser, to support target experiments intended to observe SBS effects. A novel optical system splits one of Nova's ten beams into four segments, with each segment containing one wavelength.
Laser physics of Nd3+-doped phosphate glasses
Authors: Payne Stephen A. , Bibeau Camille , Hayden Joseph S.
Published: February 2023

Nd-doped glasses have emerged as one of a handful of laser materials that are routinely employed in scientific and commercial applications. As a consequence, it is of interest to have access to a comprehensive evaluation of the crucial laser parameters. In this paper we present new information on the mechanisms that impact the pumping efficiency (concentration quenching and Auger upconversion) and the extraction process (4I11/2 terminal level lifetime and hole burning). Most of our results concern phosphate glasses, although fluorides and silicates are addressed as well. The relevant processes are illustrated in Fig. 1.
Temperature dependent cross relaxation effects in Tm:YAG lasers
Authors: Peterson P. , Gavrielides A. , Sharma P. M. , Yan Chi , Rotge J. R. , Walker T. W.
Published: February 2023

We assess the importance of the temperature and pump power dependence of cross relaxation in diode pumped steady state Tm:YAG lasers. This is done by comparing a simulation of the steady-state rate and field equations with experiment.
Temperature dependent characteristics of 0.98-μm strained-quantum-well lasers
Authors: Vail E. C. , Nabiev R. E , Chang-Hasnain C. J.
Published: February 2023

Semiconductor lasers emitting in the 0.98-μm wavelength regime are promising for pumping optical fiber amplifiers and solid-state lasers. Although the short wavelength lasers are typically observed to have a high characteristic temperature To, their differential efficiencies often decrease rapidly with temperature increase, which can cause serious problems in many applications. In this work, we investigate the physical causes of this temperature dependence experimentally as well as theoretically with buried heterostructure InGa As / InGaAsP / InGaP strained quantum well lasers. Laser bars of various cavity lengths were measured at temperatures between 10°C to 160°C. Testing unbonded laser bars allows us to perform measurements of many lasers with similar conditions. Thus, effects due to unintentional variations from fabrication or cleaving can be eliminated.