bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peptidoglycan compositional analysis of Mycobacterium smegmatis using high-resolution LC–MS
Authors: Rimal Binayak , Senzani Sibusiso , Ealand Christopher , Lamichhane Gyanu , Kana Bavesh , Kim Sung Joon
Published: June 2022

Peptidoglycan (PG) is the exoskeleton of bacterial cells and is required for their viability, growth, and cell division. Unlike most bacteria, mycobacteria possess an atypical PG characterized by a high degree of unique linkages and chemical modifications which most likely serve as important determinants of virulence and pathogenesis in mycobacterial diseases. Despite this important role, the chemical composition and molecular architecture of mycobacterial PG have yet to be fully determined. Here we determined the chemical composition of PG from Mycobacterium smegmatis using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Purified cell walls from the stationary phase were digested with mutanolysin and compositional analysis was performed on 130 muropeptide ions that were identified using an in silico PG library. The relative abundance for each muropeptide ion was measured by integrating the extracted-ion chromatogram. The percentage of crosslink per PG subunit was measured at 45%. While both 3→3 and 4→3 transpeptide cross-linkages were found in PG dimers, a high abundance of 3→3 linkages was found associated with the trimers. Approximately 43% of disaccharides in the PG of M. smegmatis showed modifications by acetylation or deacetylation. A significant number of PG trimers are found with a loss of 41.00 amu that is consistent with N-deacetylation, whereas the dimers show a gain of 42.01 amu corresponding to O-acetylation of the PG disaccharides. This suggests a possible role of PG acetylation in the regulation of cell wall homeostasis in M. smegmatis. Collectively, these data report important novel insights into the ultrastructure of mycobacterial PG.
Impaired differentiation potential of CD34-positive cells derived from mouse hair follicles after long-term culture
Authors: Ouji Yukiteru , Misu Masayasu , Kitamura Tomotaka , Okuzaki Daisuke , Yoshikawa Masahide
Published: June 2022

Hair follicle epithelial stem cells (HFSCs), which exist in the bulge region, have important functions for homeostasis of skin as well as hair follicle morphogenesis. Although several methods for isolation of HFSCs using a variety of stem cell markers have been reported, few investigations regarding culture methods or techniques to yield long-term maintenance of HFSCs in vitro have been conducted. In the present study, we screened different types of commercially available culture medium for culturing HFSCs. Among those tested, one type was shown capable of supporting the expression of stem cell markers in cultured HFSCs. However, both the differentiation potential and in vivo hair follicle-inducing ability of HFSCs serially passaged using that optimal medium were found to be impaired, probably because of altered responsiveness to Wnt signaling. The changes noted in HFSCs subjected to a long-term culture suggested that the Wnt signaling-related environment must be finely controlled for maintenance of the cells.
De novo transcriptome assembly and comprehensive assessment provide insight into fruiting body formation of Sparassis latifolia
Authors: Shu Lili , Wang Miaoyue , Xu Hui , Qiu Zhiheng , Li Tianlai
Published: June 2022

The genes associated with fruiting body formation of Sparasis latifolia are valuable for improving mushroom breeding. To investigate this process, 4.8 × 108 RNA-Seq reads were acquired from three stages: hyphal knot (SM), primordium (SP), and primordium differentiation (SPD). The de novo assembly generated a total of 48,549 unigenes, of which 71.53% (34,728) unigenes could be annotated by at least one of the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), GO (Gene Ontology), and KOG (Eukaryotic Orthologous Group) databases. KEGG and KOG analyses respectively mapped 32,765 unigenes to 202 pathways and 19,408 unigenes to 25 categories. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs (differentially expressed genes) indicated primordium initiation was significantly related to 66 pathways, such as “Ribosome”, “metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450”, and “glutathione metabolism” (among others). The MAPK and mTOR signal transduction pathways underwent significant adjustments during the SM to SP transition. Further, our research revealed the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway related to cell proliferation could play crucial functions during the development of SP and SPD. These findings provide crucial candidate genes and pathways related to primordium differentiation and development in S. latifolia, and advances our knowledge about mushroom morphogenesis.
The IDentif.AI-x pandemic readiness platform: Rapid prioritization of optimized COVID-19 combination therapy regimens
Authors: Blasiak Agata , Truong Anh T. L. , Remus Alexandria , Hooi Lissa , Seah Shirley Gek Kheng , Wang Peter , Chye De Hoe , Lim Angeline Pei Chiew , Ng Kim Tien , Teo Swee Teng , Tan Yee-Joo , Allen David Michael , Chai Louis Yi Ann , Chng Wee Joo , Lin Raymond T. P. , Lye David C. B. , Wong John Eu-Li , Tan Gek-Yen Gladys , Chan Conrad En Zuo , Chow Edward Kai-Hua , Ho Dean
Published: June 2022

IDentif.AI-x, a clinically actionable artificial intelligence platform, was used to rapidly pinpoint and prioritize optimal combination therapies against COVID-19 by pairing a prospective, experimental validation of multi-drug efficacy on a SARS-CoV-2 live virus and Vero E6 assay with a quadratic optimization workflow. A starting pool of 12 candidate drugs developed in collaboration with a community of infectious disease clinicians was first narrowed down to a six-drug pool and then interrogated in 50 combination regimens at three dosing levels per drug, representing 729 possible combinations. IDentif.AI-x revealed EIDD-1931 to be a strong candidate upon which multiple drug combinations can be derived, and pinpointed a number of clinically actionable drug interactions, which were further reconfirmed in SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.2 (Delta). IDentif.AI-x prioritized promising drug combinations for clinical translation and can be immediately adjusted and re-executed with a new pool of promising therapies in an actionable path towards rapidly optimizing combination therapy following pandemic emergence.
Variational autoencoders learn transferrable representations of metabolomics data
Authors: Gomari Daniel P. , Schweickart Annalise , Cerchietti Leandro , Paietta Elisabeth , Fernandez Hugo , Al-Amin Hassen , Suhre Karsten , Krumsiek Jan
Published: June 2022

Dimensionality reduction approaches are commonly used for the deconvolution of high-dimensional metabolomics datasets into underlying core metabolic processes. However, current state-of-the-art methods are widely incapable of detecting nonlinearities in metabolomics data. Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are a deep learning method designed to learn nonlinear latent representations which generalize to unseen data. Here, we trained a VAE on a large-scale metabolomics population cohort of human blood samples consisting of over 4500 individuals. We analyzed the pathway composition of the latent space using a global feature importance score, which demonstrated that latent dimensions represent distinct cellular processes. To demonstrate model generalizability, we generated latent representations of unseen metabolomics datasets on type 2 diabetes, acute myeloid leukemia, and schizophrenia and found significant correlations with clinical patient groups. Notably, the VAE representations showed stronger effects than latent dimensions derived by linear and non-linear principal component analysis. Taken together, we demonstrate that the VAE is a powerful method that learns biologically meaningful, nonlinear, and transferrable latent representations of metabolomics data.
Alignment between glioblastoma internal clock and environmental cues ameliorates survival in Drosophila
Authors: Jarabo Patricia , Barredo Celia G. , de Pablo Carmen , Casas-Tinto Sergio , Martin Francisco A.
Published: June 2022

Virtually every single living organism on Earth shows a circadian (i.e. “approximately a day”) internal rhythm that is coordinated with planet rotation (i.e. 24 hours). External cues synchronize the central clock of the organism. Consequences of biological rhythm disruptions have been extensively studied on cancer. Still, mechanisms underlying these alterations, and how they favor tumor development remain largely unknown. Here, we show that glioblastoma-induced neurodegeneration also causes circadian alterations inDrosophila. Preventing neurodegeneration in all neurons by genetic means reestablishes normal biological rhythms. Interestingly, in early stages of tumor development, the central pacemaker lengthens its period, whereas in later stages this is severely disrupted. The re-adjustment of the external light:dark period to longer glioblastoma-induced internal rhythms delays glioblastoma progression and ameliorates associated deleterious effects, even after the tumor onset.
Correlative SIP-FISH-Raman-SEM-NanoSIMS links identity, morphology, biochemistry, and physiology of environmental microbes
Authors: Schaible George A , Kohtz Anthony J , Cliff John , Hatzenpichler Roland
Published: June 2022

Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques are commonly applied to study microbial cells but are typically used on separate samples, resulting in population-level datasets that are integrated across different cells with little spatial resolution. To address this shortcoming, we developed a workflow that correlates several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques to generate an in-depth analysis of individual cells. By combining stable isotope probing (SIP), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal Raman microspectroscopy (Raman), and nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), we illustrate how individual cells can be thoroughly interrogated to obtain information about their taxonomic identity, structure, physiology, and metabolic activity. Analysis of an artificial microbial community demonstrated that our correlative approach was able to resolve the activity of single cells using heavy water SIP in conjunction with Raman and/or NanoSIMS and establish their taxonomy and morphology using FISH and SEM. This workflow was then applied to a sample of yet uncultured multicellular magnetotactic bacteria (MMB). In addition to establishing their identity and activity, backscatter electron microscopy (BSE), NanoSIMS, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to characterize the magnetosomes within the cells. By integrating these techniques, we demonstrate a cohesive approach to thoroughly study environmental microbes on a single-cell level.
Microbial community structure is stratified at the millimeter-scale across the soil–water interface
Authors: Cai Yu-Jia , Liu Zi-Ao , Zhang Sha , Liu Hao , Nicol Graeme W , Chen Zheng
Published: June 2022

Soil–water interfaces (SWI) are biogeochemical hotspots characterized by millimeter-scale redox gradients, indicating that parallel changes are also present in microbial community structure and activity. However, soil-based analyses of microbial community structure typically examine bulk samples and seldom consider variation at a scale relevant to changes in environmental conditions. Here we presented a study that aimed to describe millimeter-scale variance in both microbial community structure and physicochemical properties in a lab flooded soil. At this fine-scale resolution, the stratification of biogeochemical properties (e.g., redox potential, nitrate concentration) was consistent with the structure of the active microbial community with clear shifts in the relative abundance of transcriptionally active populations associated with changing redox conditions. Our results demonstrate that spatial scale should be carefully considered when investigating ecological mechanisms that influence soil microbial community structures.
Branching out: redox strategies towards the synthesis of acyclic α-tertiary ethers
Authors: Shennan Benjamin D. A. , Berheci Diana , Crompton Jessica L. , Davidson Timothy A. , Field Joshua L. , Williams Benedict A. , Dixon Darren J.
Published: June 2022

The synthesis of α-tertiary ethers has traditionally presented a major challenge; however, contemporary redox chemistry has led to development of a plethora of powerful new approaches.
Diastereoselective access to substituted oxetanes via hydrosilylation–iodocyclisation of homopropargylic alcohols
Authors: Roberts Dean D. , McLaughlin Mark G.
Published: June 2022

A novel route towards multiply substituted oxetanes is reported, providing access to a range of diverse oxetane scaffolds in high yield.
Evaluating solvothermal and mechanochemical routes towards the metal–organic framework Mg2(m-dobdc)
Authors: Chen Elena Y. , Mandel Ruth M. , Milner Phillip J.
Published: June 2022

Mechanochemical and solvothermal routes to the metal–organic framework Mg2(m-dobdc) bearing coordinatively unsaturated Mg(ii) sites are presented. The mechanochemical synthesis produces porous material exhibiting higher carbon dioxide uptake.
Spontaneous carrier generation and low recombination in high-efficiency non-fullerene solar cells
Authors: Zhou Guanqing , Zhang Ming , Xu Jinqiu , Yang Yankang , Hao Tianyu , Zhu Lei , Zhou Libo , Zhu Haiming , Zou Yecheng , Wei Gang , Zhang Yongming , Liu Feng
Published: June 2022

The spontaneous carrier generation process was identified in the Y6 acceptor with moderate quantum yields and extremely low recombination in optimized blends, which result in high efficiency and morphology tolerance.
Analytical feasibility of a new reference material (IRMM-524A Fe metal) for the in situ Fe isotopic analysis of pyrite and ilmenite without matrix effects by femtosecond LA-MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Xu Lei , Yang Jin-Hui , Wang Hao , Xie Lie-Wen , Yang Yue-Heng , Huang Chao , Wu Shi-Tou
Published: June 2022

Evaluation of the IRMM-524A Fe metal as a primary reference material and natural samples of pyrite and ilmenite as secondary reference materials is presented for the Fe isotopic analysis using femtosecond LA-MC-ICP-MS.
Proof of concept of a two-stage GMR sensor-based lab-on-a-chip for early diagnostic tests
Authors: Deroo Maïkane , Giraud Manon , Delapierre François-Damien , Bonville Pierre , Jeckelmann Mathieu , Solignac Aurélie , Fabre-Paul Elodie , Thévenin Mathieu , Coneggo Frédéric , Fermon Claude , Malloggi Florent , Simon Stéphanie , Féraudet-Tarisse Cécile , Jasmin-Lebras Guénaëlle
Published: June 2022

Proof of concept of the potential of an innovative double detection biochip based on GMR sensors as a diagnostic test.
How macromolecules softness affects diffusion under crowding
Authors: Słyk Edyta , Skóra Tomasz , Kondrat Svyatoslav
Published: June 2022

The softness and shape of macromolecules are important factors determining diffusion under crowding, which is relevant to diverse intracellular environments.
Microwave-assisted rapid synthesis of titanium phosphate free phosphorus doped Ti3C2 MXene with boosted pseudocapacitance
Authors: Gupta Nisha , Sahu Ranjan K. , Mishra Trilochan , Bhattacharya Pallab
Published: June 2022

Microwave rapid synthesis of titanium phosphate free phosphorus doped Ti3C2 MXene with boosted pseudocapacitance.
Solvent mediated thermodynamically favorable helical supramolecular self-assembly: recognition behavior towards achiral and chiral analytes
Authors: Kataria Meenal , Kim Youngseo , Chau Hong Diem , Kwon Na Yeon , Hong Yongju , Kim Taekyung , Ko Jaewan , Son Myung Kook , Bang Joona , Park Sungnam , Kim Hugh I. , Lee Kwangyeol , Choi Dong Hoon
Published: June 2022

Solvent mediated thermodynamically supramolecular assemblies of derivative 4 in aqueous media and recognition behavior in the presence of achiral/chiral analytes.
Gaseous emissions of a heavy-duty engine fueled with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME) in transient cold-start operation and methods for after-treatment system heating
Authors: Gelner Alexander D. , Pang Genny A. , Weber Markus , Haisch Christoph , Beck Harald A. , Pastoetter Christian , Härtl Martin , Jaensch Malte , Wachtmeister Georg
Published: June 2022

Cold-start emissions of the sustainable alternative diesel fuel OME are predominantly NOx, formaldehyde, formic acid and unburned OME. Electrical heating in combination with fuel dosing is an effective method for after-treatment system heating.
Simulated Laryngeal High-Speed Videos for the Study of Normal and Dysphonic Vocal Fold Vibration
Authors: Aichinger Philipp , Kumar S. Pravin , Lehoux Sarah , Švec Jan G.
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

Laryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy (LHSV) has been recognized as a highly valuable modality for the scientific investigations of vocal fold (VF) vibrations. In contrast to stroboscopic imaging, LHSV enables visualizing aperiodic VF vibrations. However, the technique is less well established in the clinical care of disordered voices, partly because the properties of aperiodic vibration patterns are not yet described comprehensively. To address this, a computer model for simulation of VF vibration patterns observed in a variety of different phonation types is proposed.

Method:

A previously published kinematic model of mucosal wave phenomena is generalized to be capable of left–right asymmetry and to simulate endoscopic videos instead of only kymograms of VF vibrations at single sagittal positions. The most influential control parameters are the glottal halfwidths, the oscillation frequencies, the amplitudes, and the phase delays.

Results:

The presented videos demonstrate zipper-like vibration, pressed voice, voice onset, constant and time-varying left–right and anterior–posterior phase differences, as well as left–right frequency differences of the VF vibration. Video frames, videokymograms, phonovibrograms, glottal area waveforms, and waveforms of VF contact area relating to electroglottograms are shown, as well as selected kinematic parameters.

Conclusion:

The presented videos demonstrate the ability to produce vibration patterns that are similar to those typically seen in endoscopic videos obtained from vocally healthy and dysphonic speakers.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20151833
Analytical modelling of No‐load magnetic field for equivalent poles of a new type of double‐stator PM poles spherical motor
Authors: Chen Qing , Yang Xiangyu , Cao Jianghua , Zhong Guanming , Zeng Bingsen , Zhao Shiwei , Zeng Guanbao
Published: June 2022

A double‐stator swing rotating permanent magnet spherical motor (SR‐PMSM) is designed, which can realize rotation, swing and spiral motion, and is used in the multi‐degree‐of‐freedom motion fields of industrial robot joints, torque gyroscopes, panoramic photography tables and so on. The inner surface of the rotor of the motor is attached with cylindrical PM poles, and the outer surface is attached with trapezoidal PM poles. Cylindrical and trapezoidal PM poles are simple to manufacture, but the magnetic field model of a spherical motor with two kinds of PM poles is complex. Therefore, a magnetic field modelling method combining the geometric equivalence principle and analytical method is proposed. Using the method of shape approximation, according to the principle of equivalence, the key parameters of cylindrical PM poles and trapezoidal PM poles are replaced by the parameters of approximate dihedral PM poles in a spherical coordinate. Select the most suitable dihedral PM poles, establish the analytical model of the magnetic field in the spherical coordinate system and verify the analytical results by FEM method. A SR‐PMSM motor with 6/4 pole (swing) and 12/10 pole (rotation) structure was assembled, and the experimental device was set up. The experimental results show that the experimental curve, analytical curve and FEM curve are in good agreement, which proves the accuracy of the equivalent model and is suitable for the magnetic field model of cylindrical and trapezoidal PM poles of the spherical motor. The research results of magnetic field lay a foundation for further analysis of the stator–rotor composite magnetic field considering cogging effect and edge effect, and analysis of load characteristics of the motor.
Membraneless physiology of the living cell. The past and the present
Authors: Matveev Vladimir V.
Published: June 2022

Since the 1880s, the concept of compartmentalizing through membranes has taken a firm place in cell physiology and has defined the objects, methods, and goals of physiologists’ research for decades. A huge mass of biologists know about the important role of intra-membrane pumps, channels, and lipids, and various hypotheses about the origin of life often begin with explanations about how the lipid membrane occurred, without which it is impossible to imagine the origin of a living cell. Against this background, there was a dissonance of statements that there are membraneless organelles in the cell, the functions of which are rapidly expanding under our eyes. Physically, they are similar to coacervate droplets, which from time to time were used to explain the origin of life, and now the coacervates are being more and more often discussed when describing the physics of the nucleus and cytoplasm of modern cells. However, ideas about the coacervate nature of cytoplasm/protoplasm originated in the first half of the 19th Century, when the contents of cells were likened to jelly, but this approach gradually faded into the shadows. Nevertheless, limited research in this area continued and was completed in the form of a membraneless cell physiology. Now that the focus of attention has turned to membraneless compartmentalization, it’s time to remember the past. The sorption properties of proteins are the physical basis of membraneless cell because of water adsorbed by proteins changes the physical state of any biomolecular system, from supramolecular and subcellular structures to the cell as a whole. A thermodynamic aqueous phase is formed because adsorbed water does not mix with ordinary water and, in this cause, is separated from the surrounding solution in the form of a compartment. This article discusses the fundamental physical properties of such a phase – a biophase. As it turned out, the Meyer–Overton rule, which led to the idea of a lipid membrane, also applies to membraneless condensates.
Structural and material assessment of historic reinforced brick masonry elevator for grain – a study case
Authors: Berkowski Piotr , Dmochowski Grzegorz
Published: June 2022

The grain elevator was erected around 1940 and is situated at the Odra River embankment. It has a rectangular plan with the longer side perpendicular to the former port wharf. The structure of the building is mixed, made of reinforced concrete and brick masonry. The entire facility was founded on a reinforced concrete foundation slab. The ground floor columns, supporting the silos, the walls of the ground floor, the floor above the ground floor with silo drainage funnels, the inter-story ceilings of the technical route, the roof concrete frames and the attic ceiling are made of reinforced concrete. The main part of the structure consists of 74 interlocked grain silos, with a square cross-section. The walls of the silo chambers are brick, reinforced with steel bars in each joint. The article presents the results of diagnostics of the technical condition of the assessed object, including material analyses (concrete, brick, steel), as well as the results of static and strength calculations of the main load-bearing elements of the object conducted in order to verify the possibility of its adaptation to new housing functions.
Restoration of existing historic concrete structures with PE fiber strain hardening cementitious composites
Authors: Konstantinou Ioannis , Georgiou Antroula , Theodoulides Michalis , Ioannou Ioannis
Published: June 2022

Important historic buildings of the 20th century located in the seismogenic zones of the Mediterranean have been designed without the provisions of Eurocode 8; thus, they require strengthening to account for seismic excitations and to be rendered safe for use by future generations. A common disadvantage in historic concrete buildings is the insufficient or even null reinforcement in shear, which usually results in brittle shear failures. This research focuses on the use of a self-compacting, fiber reinforced cementitious composite, which can be applied as cover replacement, or in a thin layer around the perimeter of an existing column, thus providing confinement to the original core and increasing the shear strength of the structural member. Different mix designs prepared in various countries have been examined, all incorporating the use of industrial by-products, such as silica fume or fly ash. The aforementioned mixtures were replicated with the use of locally available raw materials at the laboratories of the University of Cyprus. Polyethylene (PE) fibers, with or without coating, measuring 12 and 18 mm in length were also included in the various mix designs. The mechanical properties of the hardened specimens were compared through compression, tension and flexure tests at 28 and 90 days of curing. Based on the results, a self-compacting mixture, presenting particularly high strengths in direct tension and bending, was eventually chosen to investigate the strengthening of existing historic concrete members.
Long term control of corrosion of steel reinforcement by a two-stage cathodic protection method
Authors: Sergi George , Seneviratne Gamini , Simpson David
Published: June 2022

It has been shown experimentally that corrosion of steel reinforcement can be arrested if sufficient cathodic charge at a current density higher than 20 mA/m2 is applied over a period of weeks. Once corrosion is arrested, a cathodic prevention current density, which requires a current density an order of magnitude lower than for conventional cathodic protection, can be applied for long-term prevention of re-initiation of corrosion. Self-contained products were developed in the laboratory according to the Two-Stage principle, each single product containing a battery-operated ICCP element which produces a high initial current output of between 20 mA/m2 and 50 mA/m2 of steel area during an initial polarisation corrosion arrest phase and a galvanic anode component which delivers the lower cathodic prevention current long-term. Diodes ensure that the current from the battery is delivered to the steel reinforcement and not dumped onto the galvanic anode and allow the galvanic current to flow only when the ICCP element becomes inoperable. This paper describes the principles of the technique, illustrates products developed and presents medium-term field studies to demonstrate the success of the Two-Stage CP technique.
Retracted Article: Autogenous healing in ultra-high-performance fibre reinforced concrete: application in two reduced scale water reservoirs
Authors: Caballero-Jorna Marta , Doostkami Hesam , Roig-Flores Marta , Serna Pedro
Published: June 2022

This paper is formally retracted because it was accidentally published twice in the same volume and the correct paper has now been published in its place. Request approved by the proceedings Editor and the Publisher on July 27, 2022.
Predicting fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete containing fly ash by artificial neural network model
Authors: Cui Tianyi , Kulasegaram Sivakumar , Li Haijiang
Published: June 2022

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a highly efficient concrete that can be compacted and formed under its own weight without external vibration. However, the constituents of SCC are many and they have diverse material properties. Hence, it is difficult to predict the working performance of SCC with a single factor regression relationship. Therefore, the artificial neural network (ANN) approach is chosen in the present work to simulate the relationship between proportions of constituents and properties of SCC. This paper aims at predicting properties of SCC containing fly ash based on the experimental data available from the literature. The eight input parameters in the proposed models include amounts of cement, water, water to powder ratio, binder, fly ash, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and superplasticizers. The four output parameters are V-funnel flow time, slump flow final spread diameter, compressive strength at 28 and 90 days. A procedure to select the number of hidden layer neurons is discussed. Moreover, the parametric analysis of the developed ANN model is conducted to evaluate the effect of input parameters on SCC properties. By comparing the estimated and experimental results, the proposed ANN model shows great potential in predicting the properties of SCC with different percentage volume fractions of fly ash.
Self-healing of concrete containing commercial bacteria by means of water and chlorides permeability
Authors: Doostkami Hesam , de Jesús Estacio Cumberbatch Javier , Formagini Sidiclei , Roig-Flores Marta , Serna Pedro
Published: June 2022

Microbial-induced calcium precipitation (MICP) has shown adequate potential to act as a healing product through Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation inside cracks. This work studies the self-healing capability of conventional concrete incorporating two dosages of Bacillus subtilis encapsulated in diatomaceous earth and a liquid solution consisting of a combination of Bacillus, denitrifying, and photosynthetic bacteria. The two bacterial agents used are commercial or industrial products from other sectors. For these mixes, disks of size ϕ100×50 mm were pre-cracked at the age of 21 days by splitting test until reaching residual cracks of 100 to 450 µm. At the age of 28 days, self-healing was promoted during 28 days in three exposures, continuous water immersion at 20°C, a high humidity environment at 20°C and 95% of relative humidity, and 7 days immersed in water at 20°C and 21 days in the high humidity environment. Self-healing was analyzed with water permeability by comparing the results before and after healing. Afterward, chlorides’ penetration was performed to study the possible healing protection on cracked disks compared to uncracked reference disks. As a result, after 7 days of immersion in water, the mixes with bacteria presented acceptable healing results. Some healed cracks could also significantly reduce the penetration of chlorides towards the interior of the concrete matrix.
Sustainable concrete formulations for sustainable reinforced structures exposed to chloride induced corrosion
Authors: Cassiani Juan Daniel , Wünsch Julia , Keßler Sylvia
Published: June 2022

Reinforced concrete (RC) is the most used construction material for infrastructure due to its strength and durability. However, under chloride exposure, often the RC structures do not achieve their designed service life. Therefore, premature repairs or even replacement of components is required, hence increasing the environmental impacts and economic costs over the entire service life. This study evaluates the sustainability of low-clinker cements as a corrosion prevention measure in reinforced concrete under several chloride exposures conditions. Through a life cycle assessment (LCA), the environmental impacts of a RC generic element are evaluated, considering three alternatives for low-clinker cement and ordinary Portland cement as reference. The materials production and use service are considered in the LCA. The service phase includes the repair activities necessary to keep a defined level of serviceability given the steel corrosion due to chloride ingress. The number of repairs is determined on a probabilistic durability assessment. The results showed that the durability of the reinforced element plays a major role in the overall environmental impacts. Furthermore, low-clinker binders have a positive environmental impact in the sustainability of reinforced concrete structures.
Concretely efficient secure multi-party computation protocols: survey and more
Authors: Feng Dengguo , Yang Kang
Published: June 2022

Secure multi-party computation (MPC) allows a set of parties to jointly compute a function on their private inputs, and reveals nothing but the output of the function. In the last decade, MPC has rapidly moved from a purely theoretical study to an object of practical interest, with a growing interest in practical applications such as privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML). In this paper, we comprehensively survey existing work on concretely efficient MPC protocols with both semi-honest and malicious security, in both dishonest-majority and honest-majority settings. We focus on considering the notion of security with abort, meaning that corrupted parties could prevent honest parties from receiving output after they receive output. We present high-level ideas of the basic and key approaches for designing different styles of MPC protocols and the crucial building blocks of MPC. For MPC applications, we compare the known PPML protocols built on MPC, and describe the efficiency of private inference and training for the state-of-the-art PPML protocols. Furthermore, we summarize several challenges and open problems to break though the efficiency of MPC protocols as well as some interesting future work that is worth being addressed. This survey aims to provide the recent development and key approaches of MPC to researchers, who are interested in knowing, improving, and applying concretely efficient MPC protocols.
Problems and solutions regarding generalized functional safety in cyberspace
Authors: Wu JiangXing
Published: June 2022

The common endogenous security problems in cyberspace and related attack threats have posed subversive challenges to conventional theories and methods of functional safety. In the current design of the cyber physical system (CPS), functional safety and cyber security are increasingly intertwined and inseparable, which evolve into the generalized functional safety (S&S) problem. The conventional reliability and cybersecurity technologies are unable to provide security assurance with quantifiable design and verification metrics in response to the cyberattacks in hardware and software with common endogenous security problems, and the functional safety of CPS facilities or device has become a frightening ghost. The dynamic heterogeneity redundancy (DHR) architecture and coding channel theory (CCT) proposed by the cyberspace endogenous security paradigm could handle random failures and uncertain network attacks in an integrated manner, and its generalized robust control mechanism can solve the universal problem of quantitative design for functional safety under probability or improbability perturbation. As a generalized functional safety enabling structure, DHR opens up a new direction to solve the common endogenous security problems in the cross-disciplinary fields of cyberspace.
„Essengehen während die Patientin stirbt“
Psychoanalytisches Fallverstehen in klassischen Balintgruppen, Gruppen- und
Teamsupervisionen
Authors: Schubert Matthias N.
Published: June 2022

Michael Balint beschreibt für seine Methode der Balintgruppenarbeit eine
Reihe von Regeln, allesamt geraten, um in einem Gruppenprozess Zugänge
zu unbewussten Beziehungsdynamiken zu bekommen. Diese Methode ist in der
Reflexion der Beziehung von Ärzt*in und Patient*in gut
eingeführt und erprobt. Anhand einer supervisorischen Arbeit wird
verdeutlicht, inwieweit mit weniger methodischen Vorgaben in anderen als
medizinischen Feldern das Unbewusste professioneller Beziehungen verstanden
werden kann.
Warum und wie ich die Leitung meiner Balint-Gruppen verändert
habe
Authors: Kanzow Thomas
Published: June 2022

Berichtet wird von einer anderen Konstruktion des Gruppenbeginns, die eine
deutlichere Identifikation mit der Gruppenarbeit, und über den
Sitzungsabschluss, der mehr Besinnung, auch des Referenten, mit sich bringt.
Nachgedacht wird über die Selbsterfahrungstendenz – „der
Patient als Herausforderung das Selbst“ – und warum
Balint-Arbeit nicht einem verwegenen psychosomatischen Anspruch, sondern
v. a. der Arbeitsökonomie des Einzelnen – „mir
gerecht zu werden“ – dient.
Leserbrief zum Beitrag: „Gruppenpsychotherapie-
Versorgungsrealität, Rahmenbedingen und Ablauf“ von Mattke und
Mohnke, Balint-Journal 2022; 23: 17–20
Authors: Blum Nicola
Published: June 2022

Die Ausführungen und Überlegungen zur Gruppenpsychotherapie in den
Artikeln von Mattke und Weber („Wirkfaktoren der
Gruppenpsychotherapie“ sowie Mattke und Mohnke
„(Gruppenspychotherpie-Versorgungsrealität, Rahmenbedingungen und
Ablauf“) im aktuellen Balintjournal 1/2022 fand ich sehr lesenswert
und das Thema ist aus meiner Sicht von zentraler Bedeutung für die aktuelle
psychotherapeutische Patient:innenversorgung:
Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions of N-Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Pilania M. , Vaishya V. , Singhal R. , Kriplani T.
Published: June 2022

N-Tosylhydrazones are highly versatile precursors for in situ carbene formation and are frequently used in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Due to their many applications in organic synthesis, including C–C, C–O, C–N, and C–S bond formation, N-tosylhydrazones have recently received much interest. They can be simply synthesized by reacting an aldehyde or ketone with N-tosylhydrazine to produce a solid N-tosylhydrazone, which is a ‘green’ precursor of diazo compounds. Using a suitable metal catalyst, N-tosylhydrazones show versatile substrate scope for the synthesis of substituted diaminopyrroles, chromenopyrazoles, alkenylpyrazoles, benzofuran thioethers, tetrahydropyridazines, sulfur-containing heterocycles, and benzofurans with potent biological activities and even regioselective N-functionalization reactions. Metal-catalyzed reactions of N-tosylhydrazones for the construction of bioactive heterocycles are still highly in demand. Hence, this review focuses on the recent synthetic application of N-tosylhydrazones influenced by different transition metals with notable features like simple workup procedures, gram-scale synthesis, broad substrate scope, multicomponent processes, cyclization, and carbon–heteroatom bond formation.

1 Introduction

2 Applications of N-Tosylhydrazones

3 Conclusion
Fraturas intracapsulares do colo femoral no idoso
Authors: Queiroz Roberto Dantas , Borger Richard Armelin , Heitzmann Lourenço Galizia , Fingerhut David Jeronimo Peres , Saito Luiz Henrique
Published: June 2022

Atualmente, a fratura intracapsular do colo femoral (FICF) ainda é um grande desafio para os ortopedistas. Apesar dos grandes avanços feitos, persiste uma grande taxa de mortalidade no primeiro ano, sobretudo no Brasil, onde não há uma conscientização de que tais fraturas nos pacientes idosos devem ser tratadas como uma urgência médica. O presente artigo busca fornecer uma atualização das condutas pré-operatórias, cirúrgicas e pós-operatórias.
Celiac Plexus Cryoneurolysis
Authors: Chary Aron , Edalat Faramarz
Published: June 2022

Intractable, chronic abdominal pain from upper abdominal malignant and benign diseases is a significant challenge for healthcare providers and burden on the healthcare system. While opioid analgesics are commonly used to provide pain relief, the adverse effects of chronic opioid use cannot be overlooked. Celiac plexus neurolysis via chemical or thermal means represents an alternative minimally invasive approach to provide palliative pain relief and increase patients' quality of life. Through the use of computed tomography guidance, celiac plexus neurolysis can be performed by accurately targeting the celiac plexus, while minimizing risks to adjacent structures. Historically, celiac plexus neurolysis was performed via instillation of ethanol or phenol; however, within the past decade cryoablation has gained increasing use with potentially fewer side effects.
Intercostal Cryoneurolysis
Authors: Huang Junjian , Delijani Kevin , El Khudari Husamuddin , Gunn Andrew J.
Published: June 2022

Chest wall pain affects many patients following chest surgery, fractures, or malignancies, and can be very difficult to manage with normal pharmacologic agents. Intercostal ablation provides one alternative treatment modality for patients suffering from intercostal pain. Intercostal cryoneurolysis involves using extreme cold to cause Wallerian degeneration of the targeted intercostal nerve. This article reviews the patient selection, technique, and complications in the utilization of intercostal neurolysis in the treatment of intractable chest pain.
Interventional Palliation of Painful Extraspinal Musculoskeletal Metastases
Authors: Tomasian Anderanik , Jennings Jack W.
Published: June 2022

The musculoskeletal system is commonly involved by metastases, and skeletal-related events such as intractable pain due to direct osseous tumor involvement, pathologic fracture, and neurologic deficits as a result of nerve compression often adversely affect patient's quality of life. There have been substantial advances in percutaneous minimally invasive musculoskeletal oncologic interventions for the management of patients with musculoskeletal metastases including thermal ablations, cementation with or without osseous reinforcement via implants, osteosynthesis, neurolysis, and palliative injections which are progressively incorporated in clinical practice. These interventions are performed, in conjunction with or supplemented by adjuvant radiation therapy, systemic therapy, surgery, or analgesics, to achieve durable pain palliation, local tumor control, or cure. This article reviews minimally invasive percutaneous image-guided musculoskeletal oncologic interventions for the management of patients with extraspinal musculoskeletal metastases.
CT-Guided Cooled Radiofrequency Denervation for Chronic Arthritis Pain of the Hip and Shoulder
Authors: Sag Alan Alper , Patel Preet
Published: June 2022

The paradigm in the treatment of arthritis pain is shifting for previously open surgical denervations of the hip and shoulder, as it already has for the geniculate nerves in knee arthritis. Interventional radiology is poised to contribute to this space with the use of CT guidance to provide safe, fast, and effective targeting of the target nerves for unequivocal diagnostic nerve block and definitive cooled radiofrequency denervation. The authors provide the background of which nerves are targeted for hip and shoulder denervation and the normal CT appearance of these blocks.
Genicular Nerve Ablation Review Using Cooled-Radiofrequency Nerve Ablation
Authors: Tran Andrew , Reiter David A. , Cruz Anna R. , Gonzalez Felix M.
Published: June 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is globally the most prevalent joint disease and causes patients great pain, limited joint mobility, and psychological distress. Short- and long-term therapies like steroid injections and arthroplasty exist, respectively. Joint arthroplasty can effectively treat symptomatic end-stage OA, but most patients do not go through with surgery because they are not qualified, have comorbidities, or do not wish to undergo surgery. As a result, patients can turn to opioid agonists for pain relief, which contributes to the growing opioid epidemic that mars our communities. Cooled radiofrequency ablation (C-RFA) is an effective treatment modality that can alleviate the pain associated with moderate to severe OA, especially in patients who have tried and failed conservative therapy. This review article elucidates the benefits of C-RFA, while also walking through the technical steps to performing the procedure. For patients suffering from debilitating joint OA, especially of the knee, C-RFA is a minimally invasive procedure that ensures pain relief.
Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pedersen Lotte Hejberg , Villadsen Gitte Bonde , Hellfritzsch Maja , Hvas Anne-Mette
Published: June 2022

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children is a rare but serious event. Current guidance on pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in children is mostly based on adult studies and expert opinions. The aim of this systematic review was to examine under which conditions children (age ≤ 18 years) would benefit from pharmacological thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin or unfractionated heparin. Eligible studies included children, who did not receive pharmacological thromboprophylaxis as comparator, and VTE events were radiologically verified. MEDLINE and Embase were searched up to October 3, 2021. Ten studies were included presenting data for 976 children receiving pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. We divided the studies into three categories based on the population studied: children in the intensive care unit (n = 2), children with fractures and/or undergoing surgery (n = 5), and children with systemic disease (n = 3). A lower incidence of VTE was found when pharmacological thromboprophylaxis was used compared with no prophylaxis in children in intensive care unit with central venous catheter and mechanical ventilation (7/27 vs. 13/24), children in the intensive care unit admitted after trauma with a very high risk of VTE based on several risk factors (0/21 vs. 13/96), and children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with L-asparaginase concomitant with steroid and presence of central venous catheter (0/82 vs. 8/121). Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis was not associated with an increased bleeding risk. In conclusion, pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in children is sparsely investigated. Only children with several risk factors for VTE are likely to benefit from pharmacological thromboprophylaxis.
Does SARI Score Predict COVID-19 Positivity? A Retrospective Analysis of Emergency Department Patients in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Alghalyini Baraa , Shakir Ismail M. , Wahed Muaz M. , Babar Sultan M. , Mohamed Mohamed S.
Published: June 2022

Effectively triaging incoming patients while preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread in any emergency department (ED) is a demanding and critical task that places a huge burden on frontline healthcare workers. The ED at our tertiary hospital utilized a slightly modified version of a formerly efficacious severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) screening tool for triaging patients presenting to the ED with respiratory illness. We conducted a retrospective chart review and included patients who were screened using the SARI screening tool and underwent a combined nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome- related coronavirus 2 to determine COVID-19 positivity. Results from our study show that it may be warranted to remove the gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea) from the SARI screening tool and potentially adjusting the weights of the components in the screening tool. However, as data from additional studies become available, the current SARI screening tool could continue to be used as a screening tool to predict COVID-19 positivity and in triaging patients.