bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epithelial NAD+ depletion drives mitochondrial dysfunction and contributes to intestinal inflammation
Authors: Novak Elizabeth A. , Crawford Erin C. , Mentrup Heather L. , Griffith Brian D. , Fletcher David M. , Flanagan Meredith R. , Schneider Corinne , Firek Brian , Rogers Matthew B. , Morowitz Michael J. , Piganelli Jon D. , Wang Qian , Mollen Kevin P.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

We have previously demonstrated that a pathologic downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor–gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) within the intestinal epithelium contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanism underlying downregulation of PGC1α expression and activity during IBD is not yet clear.

Methods

Mice (male; C57Bl/6, Villincre/+;Pgc1afl/fl mice, and Pgc1afl/fl) were subjected to experimental colitis and treated with nicotinamide riboside. Western blot, high-resolution respirometry, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) quantification, and immunoprecipitation were used to in this study.

Results

We demonstrate a significant depletion in the NAD+ levels within the intestinal epithelium of mice undergoing experimental colitis, as well as humans with ulcerative colitis. While we found no decrease in the levels of NAD+-synthesizing enzymes within the intestinal epithelium of mice undergoing experimental colitis, we did find an increase in the mRNA level, as well as the enzymatic activity, of the NAD+-consuming enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1). Treatment of mice undergoing experimental colitis with an NAD+ precursor reduced the severity of colitis, restored mitochondrial function, and increased active PGC1α levels; however, NAD+ repletion did not benefit transgenic mice that lack PGC1α within the intestinal epithelium, suggesting that the therapeutic effects require an intact PGC1α axis.

Discussion

Our results emphasize the importance of PGC1α expression to both mitochondrial health and homeostasis within the intestinal epithelium and suggest a novel therapeutic approach for disease management. These findings also provide a mechanistic basis for clinical trials of nicotinamide riboside in IBD patients.
Building a rheumatology biobank for reliable basic/translational research and precision medicine
Authors: Assirelli Elisa , Naldi Susanna , Brusi Veronica , Ciaffi Jacopo , Lisi Lucia , Mancarella Luana , Pignatti Federica , Pulsatelli Lia , Faldini Cesare , Ursini Francesco , Neri Simona
Published: September 2023

Research biobanks are non-profit structures that collect, manipulate, store, analyze and distribute systematically organized biological samples and data for research and development purposes. Over the recent years, we have established a biobank, the Rheumatology BioBank (RheumaBank) headed by the Medicine and Rheumatology unit of the IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR) in Bologna, Italy for the purpose of collecting, processing, storing, and distributing biological samples and associated data obtained from patients suffering from inflammatory joint diseases. RheumaBank is a research biobank, and its main objective is to promote large-scale, high-quality basic, translational, and clinical research studies that can help elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms and improve personalization of treatment choice in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and other spondyloarthritides (SpA).
Optimizing postbiotic production through solid-state fermentation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SN4 enhances antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities
Authors: Tong Yucui , Guo He'nan , Abbas Zaheer , Zhang Jing , Wang Junyong , Cheng Qiang , Peng Shuyue , Yang Tiantian , Bai Ting , Zhou Yichen , Li Jinzhuan , Wei Xubiao , Si Dayong , Zhang Rijun
Published: September 2023

Background

Postbiotics are an emerging research interest in recent years and are fairly advanced compared to prebiotics and probiotics. The composition and function of postbiotics are closely related to fermentation conditions.

Methods

In this study, we developed a solid-state fermentation preparation method for postbiotics with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The antibacterial activity was improved 3.62 times compared to initial fermentation conditions by using optimization techniques such as single factor experiments, Plackett–Burman design (PBD), steepest ascent method (SAM), and central composite design (CCD) methods. The optimized conditions were carried out with an initial water content of 50% for 8 days at 37°C and fermentation strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SN4 at a ratio of 1:1 with a total inoculum size of 8%. The optimized SSF medium content ratios of peptide powder, wheat bran, corn flour, and soybean meal were 4, 37.4, 30, and 28.6%, respectively.

Results

Under these optimized conditions, postbiotics with a concentration of 25 mg/mL showed significant broad-spectrum antibacterial capabilities against Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus and strong antioxidant activity against ABTS, DPPH, and OH radicals. Moreover, the optimized postbiotics exhibited good anti-inflammatory ability for reducing nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in response to LPS-induced inflammation. Furthermore, the postbiotics significantly improved intestinal epithelial wound healing capabilities after mechanical injury, such as cell scratches in IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In brief, we developed postbiotics through optimized solid-state fermentation with potential benefits for gut health. Therefore, our findings suggested that the novel postbiotics could be used as potential functional food products for improving body health.
Effect of symbiotic fungi-Armillaria gallica on the yield of Gastrodia elata Bl. and insight into the response of soil microbial community
Authors: Wang Yanhong , Xu Jiao , Yuan Qingsong , Guo Lanping , Xiao Chenghong , Yang Changgui , Li Liangyuan , Jiang Weike , Zhou Tao
Published: September 2023

Armillaria members play important roles in the nutrient supply and growth modulation of Gastrodia elata Bl., and they will undergo severe competition with native soil organisms before colonization and become symbiotic with G. elata. Unraveling the response of soil microbial organisms to symbiotic fungi will open up new avenues to illustrate the biological mechanisms driving G. elata’s benefit from Armillaria. For this purpose, Armillaria strains from four main G. elata production areas in China were collected, identified, and co-planted with G. elata in Guizhou Province. The result of the phylogenetic tree indicated that the four Armillaria strains shared the shortest clade with Armillaria gallica. The yields of G. elata were compared to uncover the potential role of these A. gallica strains. Soil microbial DNA was extracted and sequenced using Illumina sequencing of 16S and ITS rRNA gene amplicons to decipher the changes of soil bacterial and fungal communities arising from A. gallica strains. The yield of G. elata symbiosis with the YN strain (A. gallica collected from Yunnan) was four times higher than that of the GZ strain (A. gallica collected from Guizhou) and nearly two times higher than that of the AH and SX strains (A. gallica collected from Shanxi and Anhui). We found that the GZ strain induced changes in the bacterial community, while the YN strain mainly caused changes in the fungal community. Similar patterns were identified in non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, in which the GZ strain greatly separated from others in bacterial structure, while the YN strain caused significant separation from other strains in fungal structure. This current study revealed the assembly and response of the soil microbial community to A. gallica strains and suggested that exotic strains of A. gallica might be helpful in improving the yield of G. elata by inducing changes in the soil fungal community.
Effects of different soil water holding capacities on vegetable residue return and its microbiological mechanism
Authors: Lu Chao , Zhu Qian , Qiu Meihua , Fan Xinhui , Luo Jia , Liang Yonghong , Ma Yan
Published: September 2023

With the gradual expansion of the protected vegetable planting area, dense planting stubbles and increasing labor cost, the treatment of vegetable residues has become an urgent problem to be solved. Soil bacterial community structure plays an important role in vegetable residue return and is susceptible to environmental changes. Therefore, understanding the influences of different soil water holding capacities on plant residue decomposition and soil bacterial communities is important for biodegradation. During the whole incubation period, the weight loss ratio of plant residue with 100% water holding capacity was 69.60 to 75.27%, which was significantly higher than that with 60% water holding capacity in clay and sandy soil, indicating that high water holding capacity promoted the decomposition of plant residue. The degradation of lignin and cellulose was also promoted within 14 days. Furthermore, with the increase in soil water holding capacity, the contents of NH4+ increased to 5.36 and 4.54 times the initial value in the clay and sandy soil, respectively. The increase in napA and nrfA resulted in the conversion of NO3– into NH4+. The increase in water holding capacity made the bacterial network structure more compact and changed the keystone bacteria. The increase in water holding capacity also increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes at the phylum level and Symbiobacterium, Clostridium at the genus level, which are all involved in lignin and cellulose degradation and might promote their degradation. Overall, these findings provide new insight into the effects of different soil water holding capacities on the degradation of plant residues in situ and the corresponding bacterial mechanisms.
Causal association of polyunsaturated fatty acids with chronic pain: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Dai Yuxuan , Chen Yu , Gu Rui , Zhang Chao , Jiang Rui
Published: September 2023

Background

Observational studies have indicated an association between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and chronic pain, but the potential causal link remains controversial. Here, we aimed to investigate whether a causal relationship exists between the concentration of circulating PUFAs and chronic pain as well as the direction of this association.

Methods

We collected statistical data from relevant genome-wide association studies to explore the causal link between four PUFAs, along with the ratio of omega-6 fatty acids (FAs) to omega-3 FAs (omega-6:3 ratio), and chronic pain in eight specific body parts. We used the inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method for two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and conducted supplementary analyses using four other methods (MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode). To verify the robustness of the MR study, we performed multiple sensitivity analyses.

Results

The results revealed a negative correlation between omega-3 FAs [IVW, OR 95% CI: 0.952 (0.914, 0.991), p = 0.017] and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) [IVW, OR 95% CI: 0.935 (0.893, 0.978), p = 0.003] with abnormal and pelvic pain. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between the omega-6:3 ratio [IVW, OR 95% CI: 1.057 (1.014, 1.101), p = 0.009] with abdominal and pelvic pain. Additionally, we found a negative correlation between omega-3 FAs [IVW, OR 95% CI: 0.947 (0.902, 0.994), p = 0.028] and lower back pain or sciatica. However, no causal relationship was found between the concentration of circulating PUFAs and pain in other body parts, including the face, throat and chest, joints, limbs, lower back, and gynecological parts. The robustness of these MR results was verified through multi-validity and retention method analyses.

Conclusion

Our analysis suggests that higher circulating concentrations of omega-3 FAs and DHA and a lower omega-6:3 ratio are associated with a reduced risk of abdominal and pelvic pain. Additionally, a higher concentration of circulating omega-3 FAs is linked to a reduced risk of lower back pain and/or sciatica. These findings have major implications for the targeted prevention and treatment of chronic pain using PUFAs.
Endothelial to mesenchymal cell transition in diabetic retinopathy: targets and therapeutics
Authors: Nijim Wasef , Moustafa Mohamed , Humble Julia , Al-Shabrawey Mohamed
Published: September 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a result of neurovacular insults from hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM), and it is one of the top causes of vision loss throughout the modern world. This review article explores the role endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has on the pathogenesis of DR. EndMT contributes to the disruption of the blood-retinal barrier, vascular leakage, neovascularization, and fibrosis observed in DR. Risk factors and biomarkers associated with DR severity are discussed, highlighting the importance of early detection and targeted therapies. Current treatments primarily focus on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, corticosteroids, and laser photocoagulation. However, emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting EndMT and its downstream effects show promise in preventing the development and progression of DR. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying EndMT in DR provides valuable insights into the disease process and offers potential options for the development of potential treatments.
Cavity and entrance pore development in ant plant hypocotyls
Authors: Tsukaya Hirokazu , Ohtake Yutaka
Published: September 2023

Some genera of Rubiaceae in South-eastern Asia are known as typical ant plants. They have large domatia, which form in well-developed hypocotyls in which ants nest. Previously, cavity formation processes were described; however, these reports were dependent on tissue sections of different individuals of different ages. No continuous time-course analyses were done because cavity formation occurs inside the thick tissues of highly swollen domatia. Here we observed cavity formation processes in ant plants by using X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging and revealed previously overlooked features of cavity formation. Firstly, the cavity pore occurs at the hypocotyl base in not only gravity-dependent but also basal position-dependent manner. Secondly, the cavity forms prior to the start of short tunnel formation between the cavity and the pore. The cavity axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hypocotyl; however, the short tunnel axis between the pore and cavity depends on gravity. Non-invasive CT scanning is a very powerful method to analyze deeply hidden morphogenic processes in organs.
Shared decision-making in healthcare in mainland China: a scoping review
Authors: Li Xuejing , Yang Dan , Meng Meiqi , Zhao Junqiang , Yin Yiyi , Wang Hefang , Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Qian , Li Mengdi , Liu Jianping , Hao Yufang
Published: September 2023

Background

Shared decision-making (SDM) facilitates the participation of healthcare professionals and patients in treatment decisions. We conducted a scoping review to assess SDM’s current status in mainland China, referencing the Ottawa Decision Support Framework (ODSF).

Methods

Our review encompassed extensive searches across six English and four Chinese databases, and various gray literature until April 30, 2021. Results were synthesized using thematic analysis.

Results

Out of the 60 included studies, we identified three key themes based on the ODSF framework: decisional needs, decision support, and decisional outcomes. However, there appears to be a lack of comprehensive understanding of concepts related to decisional needs in China. Only a few studies have delved into feasibility, preference, choice, and outcome factors in the SDM process. Another challenge emerges from an absence of uniform standards for developing patient decision aids (PDAs). Furthermore, regarding health outcome indicators, their predominant focus remains on physiological needs.

Conclusion

SDM is in its infancy in mainland China. It is important to explore the concept and expression of decisional needs in the context of Chinese culture. Subsequent studies should focus on constructing a scientifically rigorous and systematic approach for the development of PDAs, and considering the adaptation of SDM steps to the clinical context in China during SDM implementation. Concurrently, The focus on health outcomes in Chinese SDM studies, driven by the unique healthcare resource landscape, underscores the necessity of prioritizing basic needs within limited resources.

Systematic review registration

https://inplasy.com/?s=202130021.
Progress and experiences of implementing an integrated disease surveillance and response system in Somalia; 2016–2023
Authors: Ssendagire Steven , Karanja Mary Joan , Abdi Abdulkhadir , Lubogo Mutaawe , Azad Al Abdullah , Mzava Khadija , Osman Abdinasir Yusuf , Abdikarim Ahmed Mohamed , Abdi Mohamed Abdirahman , Abdullahi Abdirahman Mohamed , Mohamed Abdirizak , Ahmed Hussein Sheik , Hassan Nuralein Yusuf , Hussein Aden , Ibrahim Aisha Daud , Mohamed Abdullahi Yusuf , Nur Ibrahim Mohamed , Muhamed Mukhtar Bulale , Mohamed Mohamed Abdelrahman , Nur Fawziya Abikar , Mohamed Hassan Sheik Ahmed , Derow Mohamed Mohamud , Diriye Abdifatah Ahmed , Malik Sk Md Mamunur Rahman
Published: September 2023

Introduction

In 2021, a regional strategy for integrated disease surveillance was adopted by member states of the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region. But before then, member states including Somalia had made progress in integration of their disease surveillance systems. We report on the progress and experiences of implementing an integrated disease surveillance and response system in Somalia between 2016 and 2023.

Methods

We reviewed 20 operational documents and identified key integrated disease surveillance and response system (IDSRS) actions/processes implemented between 2016 and 2023. We verified these through an anonymized online survey. The survey respondents also assessed Somalia’s IDSRS implementation progress using a standard IDS monitoring framework Finally, we interviewed 8 key informants to explore factors to which the current IDSRS implementation progress is attributed.

Results

Between 2016 and 2023, 7 key IDSRS actions/processes were implemented including: establishment of high-level commitment; development of a 3-year operational plan; development of a coordination mechanism; configuring the District Health Information Software to support implementation among others. IDSRS implementation progress ranged from 15% for financing to 78% for tools. Reasons for the progress were summarized under 6 thematic areas; understanding frustrations with the current surveillance system; the opportunity occasioned by COVID-19; mainstreaming IDSRS in strategic documents; establishment of an oversight mechanism; staggering implementation of key activities over a reasonable length of time and being flexible about pre-determined timelines.

Discussion

From 2016 to 2023, Somalia registered significant progress towards implementation of IDSRS. The 15 years of EWARN implementation in Somalia (since 2008) provided a strong foundation for IDSRS implementation. If implemented comprehensively, IDSRS will accelerate country progress toward establishment of IHR core capacities. Sustainable funding is the major challenge towards IDSRS implementation in Somalia. Government and its partners need to exploit feasible options for sustainable investment in integrated disease surveillance and response.
Disparities in COVID-19 related outcomes in the United States by race and ethnicity pre-vaccination era: an umbrella review of meta-analyses
Authors: Duong Khanh N. C. , Le Lan M. , Veettil Sajesh K. , Saidoung Pantakarn , Wannaadisai Warintorn , Nelson Richard E. , Friedrichs Mike , Jones Barbara E. , Pavia Andrew T. , Jones Makoto M. , Samore Matthew H. , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn
Published: September 2023

Background

Meta-analyses have investigated associations between race and ethnicity and COVID-19 outcomes. However, there is uncertainty about these associations’ existence, magnitude, and level of evidence. We, therefore, aimed to synthesize, quantify, and grade the strength of evidence of race and ethnicity and COVID-19 outcomes in the US.

Methods

In this umbrella review, we searched four databases (Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Epistemonikos) from database inception to April 2022. The methodological quality of each meta-analysis was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews, version 2 (AMSTAR-2). The strength of evidence of the associations between race and ethnicity with outcomes was ranked according to established criteria as convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, or non-significant. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022336805.

Results

Of 880 records screened, we selected seven meta-analyses for evidence synthesis, with 42 associations examined. Overall, 10 of 42 associations were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). Two associations were highly suggestive, two were suggestive, and two were weak, whereas the remaining 32 associations were non-significant. The risk of COVID-19 infection was higher in Black individuals compared to White individuals (risk ratio, 2.08, 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.60–2.71), which was supported by highly suggestive evidence; with the conservative estimates from the sensitivity analyses, this association remained suggestive. Among those infected with COVID-19, Hispanic individuals had a higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization than non-Hispanic White individuals (odds ratio, 2.08, 95% CI, 1.60–2.70) with highly suggestive evidence which remained after sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion

Individuals of Black and Hispanic groups had a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization compared to their White counterparts. These associations of race and ethnicity and COVID-19 outcomes existed more obviously in the pre-hospitalization stage. More consideration should be given in this stage for addressing health inequity.
Experiences, awareness, perceptions and attitudes of women and girls towards menstrual hygiene management and safe menstrual products in Pakistan
Authors: Malik Madeeha , Hashmi Ayisha , Hussain Azhar , Khan Waleed , Jahangir Nabia , Malik Anam , Ansari Naima
Published: September 2023

Background

The taboo of menstruation, lack of discussion on puberty, misinformation and poor awareness on menstrual hygiene management and limited access to safe menstrual products can negatively impact the physical and mental health of women and girls residing in low middle income countries.

Aim

The aim of the study was to explore the experiences, awareness, perceptions and attitudes of women and girls towards menstrual hygiene management in Pakistan. Moreover, the study also assessed consumer satisfaction towards locally manufactured organic menstrual products.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used with a sample of 400 women and girls selected through convenience sampling from high schools, universities, outpatient department and gynaecological clinics located in 2 cities, i.e., Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to explore experiences, awareness, perceptions and attitudes of women and girls towards menstrual hygiene management. Moreover, each respondent was provided with sample of locally designed and manufactured organic menstrual hygiene & wellness kit by a group of women researchers named “FemPure” including organic sanitary pads, feminine wellness mist and feminine wellness wash. The respondents were asked to use the products and a telephonic follow-up was conducted to assess consumer satisfaction for the products after a period of 1 month. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS 21.

Results

The results of the study reported that 86.2% (n = 345) of the respondents had normal periods. Out of 400 respondents, 58.5% (n = 234) knew about any health conditions related to abnormal menstrual cycle while 88.3% (n = 353) were aware of female menstrual hygiene. Majority of the respondents 78.7% (n = 315) felt ashamed while buying sanitary pads. Out of 400 respondents, 5.4% (n = 22) were interested in getting awareness regarding menstrual hygiene. The results of the study showed that all the respondents (100%, n = 400) were satisfied with FemPure organic menstrual products.

Conclusion

The study concluded that majority of women and girls faced menstrual hygiene issues during and after the cycle and were eager to receive information on MHM and use organic rash free menstrual wellness products which could be ordered via mobile app. The respondents were satisfied after the use of FemPure organic menstrual products.
The role of sensous flow and sensing the ground in movement skill experiences—a reflection using the practice of yoga as an example
Authors: Engelsrud Gunn Helene
Published: September 2023

This contribution takes a phenomenological approach to explore the sensuous flow and perceived experiences in practicing movement skills, using the practice of yoga as a case study. The article focuses on the role of perception and the anonymous aspect of the body's responses in practicing skills and capabilities to move, with yoga as an example. The author uses a phenomenological framework, highlighting how passivity and sensuous flow is available in the practice of yoga. Edmund Husserl's concepts of passive synthesis and Thomas Fuch & Sabine Koch interpretation of bodily resonance and Kym Maclaren's “letting be” are used as analytic frames to illuminate how movement experiences are dependent on bodily awareness towards the ground, without demanding conscious willpower or focus on force, but listening and sensing with and from the body. The article aims to illuminate the ambiguous character of how movement experienced from a first-person perspective gains importance by understanding oneself, others, and the world as reciprocal and intertwined phenomena.
A bibliometric review of energy justice literature
Authors: Ferrall-Wolf Isa , Gill-Wiehl Annelise , Kammen Daniel M.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Academic literature on energy justice sits at the intersection of a complex ecosystem of technologies, geographies, disciplinary traditions, terminologies, frameworks, theories, and methods. Its recent and rapid growth suggests it is of interest to a large number of stakeholders. However, these same features make aggregation and summarization a considerable undertaking.

Methods

This article uses advanced bibliometric analytics to synthesize this disparate and varied metadata to characterize trends in the treatment of energy justice in academic literature. The review covers 4,196 articles published between 1983 and 2023 with methods appropriate to the number and diversity of publications and associated subfields.

Results

We document distinct uses of similar terminologies across subfields in literature, inequitable ratios of global research compared to absolute levels of energy poverty, and the large but under-recognized contribution of cooking to the energy justice literature.

Discussion

In summarizing this voluminous literature and analyzing thematic changes over time, we provide scaffolding for more detailed reviews to place themselves within the larger interconnected literature network.
Analysis of complete mitogenomes and phylogenetic relationships of Frontopsylla spadix and Neopsylla specialis
Authors: Liu Yafang , Chen Bin , Lu Xinyan , Liu Shuang , Jiang Dandan , Wang Xuan , Yi Lin , Li Rongyu , Zhang Quanfu , Wu Lixian , Yang Xing
Published: September 2023

Fleas represent a group of paramount medical significance, subsisting on blood and acting as vectors for an array of naturally occurring diseases. These pathogens constitute essential elements within the plague biome, exerting deleterious effects on both human and livestock health. In this study, we successfully assembled and sequenced the whole mitochondrial genome of Frontopsylla spadix and Neopsylla specialis using long-range PCR and next-generation sequencing technologies. The mitogenomes of F. spadix and N. specialis both have 37 genes with full lengths of 15,085 bp and 16,820 bp, respectively. The topology of the phylogenetic tree elucidates that species F. spadix is clustered in a branch alongside other members of the family Leptopsyllidae, whereas species N. specialis is a sister taxon to Dorcadia ioffi and Hystrichopsylla weida qinlingensis. It also suggests that Pulicidae form a monophyletic clade, Ctenopthalmidae, Hystrichopsyllidae, Vermipsyllidae form a sister group to Ceratophyllidae/Leptopsyllidae group. The mitochondrial genomes of F. spadix and N. specialis were sequenced for the first time, which will contribute to a more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Siphonaptera order. The foundation for subsequent systematic studies, and molecular biology of fleas was established.
Employees Empowerment, Organizational Commitment & Mediatory Role of Perceived Organizational Support: An Empirical Evidence from Banking Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Khalid , Maroof Zaib , Qaim Sarah , Affandi Hina
Published: September 2023

The study investigated the impact of employee empowerment on affective commitment (AC), normative commitment (NC) and continuance commitment (CC). Further it also analyzed the mediating role of perceived organizational support between study variables. The data was collected from commercial banks of Pakistan (n=300) by using convenience sampling technique. All variables were measured by using scales developed by different scholars. Organizational commitment was measured with the help of scale developed by Meyer and Allen (1991). Employee empowerment was measured by a scale developed by Ashford, Lee and Bobko, (1989). Lastly, perceived organizational support was measured by a scale developed by Rhoades and Eisenberger, (2002). The data gathered was analyzed with the help of SPSS. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis performed that indicated, employee empowerment has a significant positive influence on organizational commitment of employees and perceived organizational support significantly mediated the relationship. The study included recommendations and directions for future research.
Engaging Customers by Fostering Learning Process and Strategic Flexibility Together in Cellular Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Zeb Maryam , Sher Ahmad , Awais Muhammad , A. Syed Hussaun
Published: September 2023

Globalization has caused immense changes in the business environment and has made difficult for the organizations to respond quickly and effectively to the changing customer preferences. Therefore, organizations that are flexible and are involved in the learning process are able to compete in the modern markets. This research study seeks to achieve the understanding of the contribution of organizational learning along with strategic flexibility to enhance the customer performance in sustaining competitive advantage in a rapidly changing business environment. This allows the organizations to react quickly towards the changing market requirement. Questionnaire was used to collect data. Findings suggested that both the constructs of organizational learning and strategic flexibility help firms to adapt to the changing business conditions in order to satisfy the needs of their customers. The cellular companies in Pakistan call for new approaches to engage customers therefore, managers are required to focus on learning process along with strategic flexibility to respond to the changing market conditions in a timely manner.
Impact of Employee Empowerment on Organizational Performance with Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment. An Empirical study of Telecommunication Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Abid Muhammad Farrukh , Ahmed Muhammad Irfan
Published: September 2023

The study was conducted to observe an impact of employee’s empowerment on organizational performance with mediating role of organizational commitment. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of empowerment through psychological and structural empowerment on organizational performance. Research study was conducted based on deductive approach to follow Kanter theory of power. the study was conducted on telecom sector of Pakistan where a survey questionnaire of 300 in numbers through convenience sampling were distributed to collect the response. Out of those 300, 262 were found significant which were included for data collection. Correlation among constructs were significant in nature. The empowerment indicators both structural and psychological were making significant impact through regression analysis on organizational performance. Mediation was analyzed through Barren and Kenny approach where partial mediation was observed. The study had provided practical implications to understand the importance of both psychological and structural empowerment for the better outcome of the overall performance of the firm.
Institutional Factors that Influence Social Upgrading in Global Value Chains in the Soccer Ball Industry
Authors: Danish Muhammad , Khattak Amira
Published: September 2023

This research examines how institutional factors (public, private and social governance) Influence social upgrading in supplier firms in global value chains (GVCs) in the soccer ball industry of Pakistan. Using primary multi-source data, we found that institutional factors in GVCs play a critical role in the social upgrading of the industry. Furthermore, we revealed that social upgrading is an outcome of an interplay between public, private and social governance in GVCs.
Impact of Interactive and Supportive Service Innovation in Customer Retention through the Interplay of Value Creation and Participation
Authors: Fatima Tayyba , Awan Dr. Tahir Mumtaz , Kamran Dr. Muhammad , Shahzad Dr. Akmal
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to understand the customer retention process through customer value creation in the service industry bringing service innovation. The moderating role of customer participation was analyzed. The hypothesized relationships were tested on 548 responses collected through an online survey at one point in time through the structural equation modeling technique. Smart PLS3 was used for analysis and the result of the study indicated that customer retention is significantly influenced by service innovation through the customer value creation process and customer participation moderates the relationship. The results of this study were time-bound and only one service was considered. Other services e.g. banking, hospitality, and traveling can also be applied to generalize the model.
Redox Regulation of Microglial Inflammatory Response: Fine Control of NLRP3 Inflammasome through Nrf2 and NOX4
Authors: Palomino-Antolín Alejandra , Decouty-Pérez Céline , Farré-Alins Víctor , Narros-Fernández Paloma , Lopez-Rodriguez Ana Belen , Álvarez-Rubal María , Valencia Inés , López-Muñoz Francisco , Ramos Eva , Cuadrado Antonio , Casas Ana I. , Romero Alejandro , Egea Javier
Published: September 2023

The role of inflammation and immunity in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases has become increasingly relevant within the past few years. In this context, the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a crucial role in the activation of inflammatory responses by promoting the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. We hypothesized that the interplay between nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) may play a critical role in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent inflammatory responses. After priming mixed glial cultures with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cells were stimulated with ATP, showing a significant reduction of IL1-β release in NOX4 and Nrf2 KO mice. Importantly, NOX4 inhibition using GKT136901 also reduced IL-1β release, as in NOX4 KO mixed glial cultures. Moreover, we measured NOX4 and NLRP3 expression in wild-type mixed glial cultures following LPS treatment, observing that both increased after TLR4 activation, while 24 h treatment with tert-butylhydroquinone, a potent Nrf2 inducer, significantly reduced NLRP3 expression. LPS administration resulted in significant cognitive impairment compared to the control group. Indeed, LPS also modified the expression of NLRP3 and NOX4 in mouse hippocampus. However, mice treated with GKT136901 after LPS impairment showed a significantly improved discrimination index and recovered the expression of inflammatory genes to normal levels compared with wild-type animals. Hence, we here validate NOX4 as a key player in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggesting NOX4 pharmacological inhibition as a potent therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases.
Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis Caused by Co-Infection with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli: A Case Report
Authors: Kitaya Shiori , Miura Chieko , Suzuki Ayano , Imai Yoshimichi , Tokuda Koichi , Kanamori Hajime
Published: September 2023

This case report describes a 47-year-old man with type 2 diabetes and its associated complications. The patient developed co-infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli following surgical amputation for osteomyelitis caused by diabetic foot infection (DFI). The patient had a history of recurrent hospitalization due to DFI and had received multiple antimicrobials. Intraoperative wound cultures identified MRSA and MDR ESBL-producing E. coli as the causative agents of the co-infection. Intravenous vancomycin and meropenem were administered. After surgery, daily debridement and hyperbaric oxygen therapy were performed. The patient underwent surgical wound closure and was discharged on day 86. Polymicrobial infections in DFIs worsen antimicrobial resistance, impede wound healing, and increase the risk of osteomyelitis and amputation. Furthermore, infections caused by MDR bacteria exacerbate challenges in infection control, clinical treatment, and patient outcomes. In DFI cases caused by co-infection with MDR bacteria, prompt and appropriate antimicrobial therapy, debridement, and regular wound care while considering transmission are essential.
Finite Chaoticity and Pairwise Sensitivity of a Strong-Mixing Measure-Preserving Semi-Flow
Authors: Li Risong , Pi Jingmin , Li Yongjiang , Lu Tianxiu , Wang Jianjun , Ding Xianfeng
Published: September 2023

Chaos is a common phenomenon in nature and social sciences. As is well known, chaos has multiple definitions, and there are both differences and connections between them. The unique properties of chaotic systems can be leveraged to address challenges in communication, security, data processing, system analysis, and control across different domains. For semi-flows, this paper introduces two important concepts corresponding to discrete dynamical systems, finitely chaotic and pairwise sensitivity. Since Tent map and its induced suspended semi-flows both have these two properties, then these two concepts on the semi-flows have extensive and important applications and meanings in information security, finance, artificial intelligence and other fields. This paper extends the vast majority of corresponding results in discrete dynamical systems to semi-flows.
Embedding Spanning Disjoint Cycles in Hypercube Networks with Prescribed Edges in Each Cycle
Authors: Wu Weiyan , Sabir Eminjan
Published: September 2023

One of the important issues in evaluating an interconnection network is to study the hamiltonian cycle embedding problems. A graph G is spanning k-edge-cyclable if for any k independent edges e1,e2,…,ek of G, there exist k vertex-disjoint cycles C1,C2,…,Ck in G such that V(C1)∪V(C2)∪⋯∪V(Ck)=V(G) and ei∈E(Ci) for all 1≤i≤k. According to the definition, the problem of finding hamiltonian cycle focuses on k=1. The notion of spanning edge-cyclability can be applied to the problem of identifying faulty links and other related issues in interconnection networks. In this paper, we prove that the n-dimensional hypercube Qn is spanning k-edge-cyclable for 1≤k≤n−1 and n≥2. This is the best possible result, in the sense that the n-dimensional hypercube Qn is not spanning n-edge-cyclable.
An Efficient Convolutional Neural Network with Supervised Contrastive Learning for Multi-Target DOA Estimation in Low SNR
Authors: Li Yingchun , Zhou Zhengjie , Chen Cheng , Wu Peng , Zhou Zhiquan
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a modified high-efficiency Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a novel Supervised Contrastive Learning (SCL) approach is introduced to estimate direction-of-arrival (DOA) of multiple targets in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes with uniform linear arrays (ULA). The model is trained using an on-grid setting, and thus the problem is modeled as a multi-label classification task. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed approach in scenarios with low SNR and a small number of snapshots. Notably, the method exhibits strong capability in detecting the number of sources while estimating their DOAs. Furthermore, compared to traditional CNN methods, our refined efficient CNN significantly reduces the number of parameters by a factor of sixteen while still achieving comparable results. The effectiveness of the proposed method is analyzed through the visualization of latent space and through the advanced theory of feature learning.
Representations of Generalized Loop Planar Galilean Conformal Algebras W(Γ)
Authors: Yang Yu , Wang Xingtao
Published: September 2023

In this article, we study the representation of generalized loop planar Galilean conformal algebra W(Γ); we will determine the Harish-Chandra modules, Verma modules, Whittaker modules, and U(h)-free modules of W(Γ).
Parameter Estimation for Kinetic Models of Chemical Reaction Networks from Partial Experimental Data of Species’ Concentrations
Authors: Gasparyan Manvel , Rao Shodhan
Published: September 2023

The current manuscript addresses the problem of parameter estimation for kinetic models of chemical reaction networks from observed time series partial experimental data of species concentrations. It is demonstrated how the Kron reduction method of kinetic models, in conjunction with the (weighted) least squares optimization technique, can be used as a tool to solve the above-mentioned ill-posed parameter estimation problem. First, a new trajectory-independent measure is introduced to quantify the dynamical difference between the original mathematical model and the corresponding Kron-reduced model. This measure is then crucially used to estimate the parameters contained in the kinetic model so that the corresponding values of the species’ concentrations predicted by the model fit the available experimental data. The new parameter estimation method is tested on two real-life examples of chemical reaction networks: nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and Trypanosoma brucei trypanothione synthetase. Both weighted and unweighted least squares techniques, combined with Kron reduction, are used to find the best-fitting parameter values. The method of leave-one-out cross-validation is utilized to determine the preferred technique. For nicotinic receptors, the training errors due to the application of unweighted and weighted least squares are 3.22 and 3.61 respectively, while for Trypanosoma synthetase, the application of unweighted and weighted least squares result in training errors of 0.82 and 0.70 respectively. Furthermore, the problem of identifiability of dynamical systems, i.e., the possibility of uniquely determining the parameters from certain types of output, has also been addressed.
Joint Moment Responses to Different Modes of Augmented Visual Feedback of Joint Kinematics during Two-Legged Squat Training
Authors: Nataraj Raviraj , Sanford Sean Patrick , Liu Mingxiao
Published: September 2023

This study examined the effects of different modes of augmented visual feedback of joint kinematics on the emerging joint moment patterns during the two-legged squat maneuver. Training with augmented visual feedback supports improved kinematic performance of maneuvers related to sports or daily activities. Despite being representative of intrinsic motor actions, joint moments are not traditionally evaluated with kinematic feedback training. Furthermore, stabilizing joint moment patterns with physical training is beneficial to rehabilitating joint-level function (e.g., targeted strengthening and conditioning of muscles articulating that joint). Participants were presented with different modes of augmented visual feedback to track a target squat-motion trajectory. The feedback modes varied along features of complexity (i.e., number of segment trajectories shown) and body representation (i.e., trajectories shown as sinusoids versus dynamic stick-figure avatars). Our results indicated that mean values and variability (trial-to-trial standard deviations) of joint moments are significantly (p < 0.05) altered depending on the visual feedback features being applied, the specific joint (ankle, knee, hip), and the squat movement phase (early, middle, or late time window). This study should incentivize more optimal delivery of visual guidance during rehabilitative training with computerized interfaces (e.g., virtual reality).
The Role of Hypoxia on the Trimethylation of H3K27 in Podocytes
Authors: Barth Johanna , Loeffler Ivonne , Bondeva Tzvetanka , Liebisch Marita , Wolf Gunter
Published: September 2023

Epigenetic alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Previous studies of our group showed that diabetic conditions reduce the trimethylation of H3K27 in podocytes in a NIPP1- (nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1) and EZH2- (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) dependent manner. It has been previously reported that in differentiated podocytes, hypoxia decreases the expression of slit diaphragm proteins and promotes foot process effacement, thereby contributing to the progression of renal disease. The exact mechanisms are, however, not completely understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of hypoxia and HIFs (hypoxia-inducible factor) on epigenetic changes in podocytes affecting NIPP1, EZH2 and H3K27me3, in vitro and in vivo. In vivo studies were performed with mice exposed to 10% systemic hypoxia for 3 days or injected with 3,4-DHB (dihydroxybenzoate), a PHD (prolyl hydroxylase) inhibitor, 24 h prior analyses. Immunodetection of H3K27me3, NIPP1 and EZH2 in glomerular podocytes revealed, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, that hypoxic conditions and pharmacological HIFs activation significantly reduce the expression of NIPP1 and EZH2 and diminish H3K27 trimethylation. These findings are also supported by in vitro studies using murine-differentiated podocytes.