bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erwerbstätig mit chronisch entzündlicher
Darmerkrankung –Herausforderungen im Arbeitsleben und
unterstützende Maßnahmen zur Bewältigung
Authors: Langbrandtner Jana , Steimann Gero , Reichel Christoph , Bokemeyer Bernd , Hüppe Angelika
Published: September 2021

Ziel der Studie Betroffene mit chronisch entzündlicher
Darmerkrankung (CED) sind durch die spezifische Krankheitssymptomatik oftmals in
ihrer beruflichen Teilhabe und Arbeitsfähigkeit beeinträchtigt.
Ziel war eine Exploration ihrer berufsbezogenen Problemlagen und
Unterstützungswünsche sowie die Ableitung bedarfsgerechter
Unterstützungsangebote für den rehabilitativen Sektor.

Methodik 235 CED-Patienten (97 Rehabilitanden, 138 in ambulanter
fachärztlicher Betreuung) bearbeiteten einen
Selbstausauskunftsfragebogen, der krankheitsspezifische Belastungen,
arbeitsbezogene Sorgen und den Bedarf an Unterstützungsangeboten
ermittelte. Die subjektive Prognose der Erwerbsfähigkeit (SPE) wurde mit
der SPE-Skala erfasst.

Ergebnisse Die Studienteilnehmer waren im Mittel 46 Jahre alt, 60%
waren Frauen, 45% litten an Morbus Crohn, 67% waren in Vollzeit
erwerbstätig. 72% (N=170) wiesen Anzeichen einer
negativen Erwerbsprognose anhand der SPE-Skala auf. Sie berichteten im
Durchschnitt 12 krankheitsspezifische und 22 arbeitsbezogene Probleme und Sorgen
im Berufsleben. Krankheitssymptome, die das Berufsleben von etwa jedem zweiten
Befragten fast täglich belasten, waren Beeinträchtigungen durch
Müdigkeit (66%), Schwäche (55%) sowie Stuhldrang
(55%). Zu den drei häufigsten arbeitsbezogenen Problemen, von
denen mehr als jeder zweite Teilnehmer beinahe jeden Tag betroffen ist,
zählen: eine verringerte Leistungsfähigkeit (56%), die
Sorge nicht mehr voll leistungsfähig zu sein (55%) sowie
Arbeitsdruck und Stress am Arbeitsplatz (53%). Als wichtigste
arbeitsbezogene Unterstützungsangebote nannten die Befragten
Informationen, Beratungen oder Schulungen zu den Themen Krankheitswissen
(91%), Behandlungsmöglichkeiten (88%), sozialrechtliche
Leistungen (85%) sowie Bewegungsangebote zur Steigerung der
körperlichen Fitness (84%).

Schlussfolgerung Die Studienergebnisse zeigen eine große
Bandbreite von Problemen im Arbeitsleben von CED-Betroffenen und
veranschaulichen die Vielfalt körperlicher und psychosozialer
Beeinträchtigungen. Die Daten liefern wichtige Anhaltspunkte für
die Entwicklung von bedarfsgerechten Unterstützungsangeboten, die in
einem multimodalen und interdisziplinären Setting wie dem
Rehabilitationssektor gut adressiert werden können. Dazu sollte das
Spektrum bestehender Angebote in der CED-Reha erweitert, ein stärkerer
Berufsbezug während der Rehabilitation hergestellt sowie ein
standardisiertes Screening auf berufsbezogene Probleme implementiert werden.
Preterm Newborn Adaptive Responses to Daily Nursing during Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Stay, Associate with Neurodevelopment, 2 Years Later
Authors: Bembich Stefano , Risso Francesco M. , Stan Nicoleta , Lamba Domitilla , Banova Carolina , Pagnini Arianna , Bin Maura , Trappan Antonella , Sanson Gianfranco
Published: September 2021

Objective This study aimed to evaluate if adaptive responses of very preterm newborns to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) daily nursing, specifically bathing and weighing procedures are associated with their neurodevelopment after 2 years.

Study Design Twenty-six very preterm newborns, with a gestational age <32 weeks, were enrolled. Infants' adaptive responses to daily nursing were evaluated, at 30 to 32 to 35 postmenstrual age (PMA) weeks by an observational sheet. Neurodevelopment was assessed at 24 months of corrected age by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition. Autonomic, motor, and self-regulatory responses to NICU nursing were analyzed by Spearman's correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression with Bayley's cognitive, language, and motor scales.

Results Significant (p < 0.05) positive correlations of self-regulatory and autonomic responses to nursing with all Bayley's scales were found at 30- and 32-week PMA. At 35-week PMA, only self-regulatory responses had significant positive correlations with all Bayley's scales. When adjusted for birth weight and sex, the significant associations were confirmed only at 30- and 32-week PMA.

Conclusion Very preterm newborn adaptive responses to NICU daily nursing reveal to be positively related to forthcoming neurodevelopment 2 years later, as early as the 30-week PMA. Helping preterm babies to adapt to daily NICU nursing may promote their future neurobehavior.

Key Points
What Is the Role of Steroids for Septic Shock in 2021?
Authors: Nedel Wagner , Lisboa Thiago , Salluh Jorge I.F.
Published: September 2021

Corticosteroids have been used for decades in the adjunctive treatment of severe infections in intensive care. The most frequent scenario in intensive care is in septic shock, where low doses of glucocorticoids appear to restore vascular responsiveness to norepinephrine. There is a strong body of evidence suggesting that hydrocortisone reduces time on vasopressor, and may modulate the immune response. In this review, we explore the current evidence supporting the use of corticosteroids in septic shock, its benefits, and potential harms. In addition to landmark clinical trials, we will also describe new frontiers for the use of corticosteroids in septic shock which should be explored in future studies.
What Is the Utility of Measuring Lactate Levels in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock?
Authors: Weinberger Jeremy , Klompas Michael , Rhee Chanu
Published: September 2021

Elevations in blood lactate concentrations have been studied in sepsis and other disease states for decades and are well known to be associated with increased mortality. Many studies have also demonstrated the prognostic accuracy of serial lactate levels, and some have suggested that lactate clearance may be a useful therapeutic target for resuscitation. Lactate measurements have therefore gained an increasingly prominent role in sepsis definitions, screening protocols, management guidelines, and quality measures over the past two decades. The heavy emphasis on lactate monitoring, however, has also generated controversy and concerns. Lactate is not specific to infection and its frequent use for sepsis screening and diagnosis may therefore trigger unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotic use in some patients. Because hyperlactatemia does not always reflect fluid-responsive hypoperfusion, titrating resuscitation to lactate clearance can also lead to unnecessary fluid and volume overload. More broadly, there is a lack of high-quality evidence demonstrating that initial and serial lactate monitoring leads to better patient-centered outcomes. Indeed, a recent randomized controlled trial comparing resuscitation strategies based on lactate clearance versus normalizing capillary refill time showed no benefit and potential harm with lactate-guided therapy. In this article, we review the basic pathobiology of lactate metabolism and delineate why the traditional paradigm that hyperlactatemia reflects tissue hypoxia is overly simplistic and incomplete. We then review the evidence behind the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic uses of lactate monitoring and place this in the context of evolving sepsis diagnosis and management guidelines.
Any Role of High-Dose Vitamin C for Septic Shock in 2021?
Authors: Agarwal Ankita , Hager David N. , Sevransky Jonathan E.
Published: September 2021

While the use of vitamin C as a therapeutic agent has been investigated since the 1950s, there has been substantial recent interest in the role of vitamin C supplementation in critical illness and particularly, sepsis and septic shock. Humans cannot synthesize vitamin C and rely on exogenous intake to maintain a plasma concentration of approximately 70 to 80 μmol/L. Vitamin C, in healthy humans, is involved with antioxidant function, wound healing, endothelial function, and catecholamine synthesis. Its function in the human body informs the theoretical basis for why vitamin C supplementation may be beneficial in sepsis/septic shock.

Critically ill patients can be vitamin C deficient due to low dietary intake, increased metabolic demands, inefficient recycling of vitamin C metabolites, and loss due to renal replacement therapy. Intravenous supplementation is required to achieve supraphysiologic serum levels of vitamin C. While some clinical studies of intravenous vitamin C supplementation in sepsis have shown improvements in secondary outcome measures, none of the randomized clinical trials have shown differences between vitamin C supplementation and standard of care and/or placebo in the primary outcome measures of the trials. There are some ongoing studies of high-dose vitamin C administration in patients with sepsis and coronavirus disease 2019; the majority of evidence so far does not support the routine supplementation of vitamin C in patients with sepsis or septic shock.
Which Biomarkers Can Be Used as Diagnostic Tools for Infection in Suspected Sepsis?
Authors: Póvoa Pedro , Coelho Luis
Published: September 2021

The diagnosis of infection in patients with suspected sepsis is frequently difficult to achieve with a reasonable degree of certainty. Currently, the diagnosis of infection still relies on a combination of systemic manifestations, manifestations of organ dysfunction, and microbiological documentation. In addition, the microbiologic confirmation of infection is obtained only after 2 to 3 days of empiric antibiotic therapy. These criteria are far from perfect being at least in part responsible for the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, in the community and in hospital, and probably the main drive for antibiotic resistance. Biomarkers have been studied and used in several clinical settings as surrogate markers of infection to improve their diagnostic accuracy as well as in the assessment of response to antibiotics and in antibiotic stewardship programs. The aim of this review is to provide a clear overview of the current evidence of usefulness of biomarkers in several clinical scenarios, namely, to diagnose infection to prescribe antibiotics, to exclude infection to withhold antibiotics, and to identify the causative pathogen to target antimicrobial treatment. In recent years, new evidence with “old” biomarkers, like C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, as well as new biomarkers and molecular tests, as breathomics or bacterial DNA identification by polymerase chain reaction, increased markedly in different areas adding useful information for clinical decision making at the bedside when adequately used. The recent evidence shows that the information given by biomarkers can support the suspicion of infection and pathogen identification but also, and not less important, can exclude its diagnosis. Although the ideal biomarker has not yet been found, there are various promising biomarkers that represent true evolutions in the diagnosis of infection in patients with suspected sepsis.
Impact of State Prioritization of Safe Infant Sleep Programs on Supine Sleep Positioning for Non-Hispanic White and Non-Hispanic Black Infants
Authors: Hwang Sunah S. , Tong Suhong , Pyle Laura , Battaglia Catherine , McManus Beth , Niermeyer Susan , Sauaia Angela
Published: September 2021

Objective Investigate whether safe infant sleep prioritization by states through the Title V Maternal and Child Block Grant in 2010 differentially impacted maternal report of supine sleep positioning (SSP) for Non-Hispanic White (NHW) and Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) U.S.-born infants.

Study Design We analyzed retrospective cross-sectional data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) from 2005 to 2015 from 4 states: WV and OK (Intervention) and AR and UT (Control). PRAMS is a population-based surveillance system of maternal perinatal experiences which is linked to infant birth certificates. Piece-wise survey linear regression models were used to estimate the difference in the change in slopes of SSP percents in the pre- (2005–2009) and post- (2011–2015) periods, controlling for maternal and infant characteristics. Models were also stratified by race/ethnicity.

Results From 2005 to 2015, for NHW infants, SSP improved from 61.5% and 70.2% to 82.8% and 82.3% for intervention and control states, respectively. For NHB infants, SSP improved from 30.6% and 26.5% to 64.5% and 53.1% for intervention and control states, respectively. After adjustment for maternal characteristics, there was no difference in the rate of SSP change from the pre- to post- intervention periods for either NHW or NHB infants in intervention or control groups.

Conclusion Compared with control states that did not prioritize safe infant sleep in their 2010 Title V Block Grant needs assessment, intervention states experienced no difference in SSP improvement rates for NHW and NHB infants. While SSP increased for all infants during the study period, there was no causal relationship between states' prioritization of safe infant sleep and SSP improvement. More targeted approaches may be needed to reduce the racial/ethnic disparity in SSP and reduce the risk for sleep-associated infant death.

Key Points
Evaluation of Fistulotomy with Immediate Sphincteric Reconstruction in the Treatment of High Transsphincteric Perianal Fistula
Authors: Orban Yasser A. , Soliman Hossam Hassan , Teliti Ahmed M. El , El-Shewy Ali , Hegab Yasmine Hany , Ibrahim Amr
Published: September 2021

Background High perianal fistula treatment remains challenging, mainly due to the variability in success and recurrence rates as well as continence impairment risks. So far, no procedure can be considered the gold standard for surgical treatment. Yet, strong efforts to identify effective and complication-free surgical options are ongoing. Fistulotomy can be considered the best perianal fistula treatment option, providing a perfect surgical field view, allowing direct access to the source of chronic inflammation. Controversy exists concerning the risk of continence impairment associated with fistulotomy. The present study aimed to assess the outcomes of fistulotomy with immediate sphincteric reconstruction regaring fistula recurrence, incontinence, and patient satisfaction.

Methods This interventional study was performed at the General Surgery Department of Zagazig University Hospital during the period from July 2018 to December 2019 on 24 patients with a clinical diagnosis of high transsphincteric fistula-in-ano. The fistulous tract was laid open over the probe placed in the tract. After the fistula tract had been laid open, the tract was curetted and examined for secondary extensions. Then, suturing muscles to muscles, including the internal and external sphincters, by transverse mattress sutures.

Results Our study showed that 2 patients develop incontinence to flatus ∼ 8.3%.and only one patient develop incontinence to loose stool, 4.2%. Complete healing was achieved in 83% and recurrence was 16.6%.

Conclusion Fistulotomy with immediate sphincteric reconstruction is considered to be an effective option in the management of high perianal fistula, with low morbidity and high healing rate with acceptable continence state.
Occurrence of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity and Adjacent Sites: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Dasgupta Senjuti , Chakrabarti Sudipta , Deb Asit R.
Published: September 2021

Introduction Oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OCSCCs) are one of the most common malignancies encountered. They have diverse clinicopathologic profiles. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important marker of OCSCC for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.

Objective The study aimed to evaluate the distribution of clinicopathological parameters in cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity and adjacent sites and their EGFR expression. An attempt was made to correlate EGFR scores with different parameters.

Materials and Methods An observational retrospective study was undertaken for 1 year. Patients with histologically proven SCC of the oral cavity and adjacent sites were included. Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of each case were analyzed.

Results A total of 59 cases of SCC were included of which 41 (69%) were males. The mean age of the patients was 56.4 ± 10.3 years. The most common location of the tumors was oral cavity (31, 53%) followed by larynx (10, 16%). Most cases were moderately differentiated tumors (31, 53%). Immunohistochemical analysis showed low EGFR score in 7 (11.9%) cases, intermediate in 6 (10.1%), and high in 46 (78%) cases. Association between gender of patients and EGFR score was statistically significant (p = 0.000159). Most lesions of the oral cavity (31 cases, 53%) had a high EGFR score (23 cases, 74.2%). A statistically significant correlation was found between tumor grade and EGFR score (p = 0.03338).

Conclusion This study from eastern region of India reveals unique characteristics of EGFR expression in SCC of the oral cavity and adjacent sites.
‘The good economy’: a conceptual and empirical move for investigating how economies and versions of the good are entangled
Authors: Asdal Kristin , Cointe Béatrice , Hobæk Bård , Reinertsen Hilde , Huse Tone , Morsman Silje R. , Måløy Tommas
Published: September 2021

Across Europe and the OECD, the bioeconomy is promoted as that which will succeed the carbon economy: an economy based in ‘the bio’ that will be innovative, sustainable, responsible and environmentally friendly. Yet how to critically approach an economy justified not only by its accumulative potentials but also its ability to do and be good? This paper suggests the concept of ‘the good economy’ as an analytical tool for investigating how economic practice is entangled in versions of the good. Building upon the classic contributions of Weber, Thompson and Foucault in combination with valuation studies, this paper shows how the good economy concept can be employed to examine how the economic and the good are intertwined. Empirically, the paper teases out how what is made to be good in the bioeconomy is radically different than in economies of the recent past. While ‘the good economy’ of the early oil and aquaculture economy concerned how to insert this economy into society in a good manner, society is surprisingly absent in the contemporary bioeconomy. The bioeconomy is enacted as an expert issue, pursued by the tools of economic valuation, and based in the unquestioned idea that ‘the bio’ makes any economy good.
Returns of research funding are maximised in media visibility for excellent institutes
Authors: Entradas Marta , Santos João M.
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates public communication activity across research institutes with varying levels of excellence in research, and how competitive funding affects this activity. With competing funding trends requiring plans for public engagement in the funded research, a question arising is whether institutes capturing higher amounts of funding return the most value for public communication. Using international data from N = 1550 institutes in six countries, we first compare public communication activity among excellent and less-than-excellent institutes. We then investigate the relationship between competitive funding and public communication across levels of excellence. We find that the returns of funding are maximised in media interactions in excellent institutes when compared to the less excellent, but not in public events. This suggests that returns of research funding may not result in the expected outcomes for increased ‘public engagement in science’ if institutions are guided by instrumental goals.
Re-thinking public health: Towards a new scientific logic of routine animal health care in European industrial farming
Authors: Bellet Camille , Hamilton Lindsay , Rushton Jonathan
Published: September 2021

This study makes the case for a new scientific logic of routine animal health care in industrial farming in Europe. We argue that the social regime underpinning scientific research and development on chronic animal disease management (CADM) in Europe stifles innovation and sustains a productivist model of animal husbandry that facilitates and maintains chronic animal diseases rather than eliminating them. Drawing on documentary analysis and qualitative interviews, the study explores the science of CADM in the broiler, cattle and pig sectors of the European food industry. Our findings show that in these major sectors, research and development on CADM is largely orientated towards a logic of growth, profitability and control rather than a recognition of the interconnection between chronic animal diseases, the food industry, and people (especially consumers) as advocated by the One Health approach. The study contributes to the literature on medical humanities and science and technology studies within One Health and public health in two ways: First, we draw new focus towards chronic animal diseases that are non-transmissible to humans and argue that while these are not zoonoses, they are equally worthy of attention for managing the emergence of new pathogens and diseases. Second, we expand the conceptualisation of One Health to include chronic animal health conditions. Our argument is that public health as an outcome of the One Health approach should be a term of reference that applies to humans and nonhumans alike whether they be farmed animals, practitioners or consumers.
Analysis of a three-stator multi-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric actuator based on symmetrical distribution
Authors: Li Zheng , Han Haitao , Guo Zhanyu , Su Zhirong , Sun Hexu
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a piezoelectric actuator with three symmetrical distributions is designed. Piezoelectric ceramics are polarized in a set manner. The excitation voltage signals of the same amplitude and different phases are applied to the actuator, and an elliptical trajectory is generated on the driving foot to drive the slide rail to move. Its driving principle is different from that of previous drivers of this type. For example, when moving in a certain direction, the horizontal displacement is formed by a mixture of the longitudinal vibration of one sub-actuator and the bending vibration of two sub-actuators, while the vertical displacement is generated by the bending vibration of the actuator. Through the close cooperation of the three sub-actuators, the output efficiency is greatly improved. The actuator is suitable for small high-precision control. First, the overall structure and working principle of the piezoelectric actuator are briefly introduced. Then, through the finite element analysis, the working mode with output performance and the motion track on the driving foot are analyzed. Finally, the output performance of the actuator is analyzed. When the voltage frequency is 200 Hz and the amplitude is 200 V, the maximum output speed is 5.1 mm/s and the maximum load of about 1.2 kg can be applied, which verifies that the actuator has good driving ability.
The effect of high monacolin K red yeast rice supplement on performance, egg quality, egg yolk cholesterol, plasma lipids and enzyme profile of laying hens
Authors: Yong S. T. , Tan H. Y. , Samat N. , Wong H. K.
Published: September 2021

Context Reducing egg cholesterol has been a major goal of many researchers over four decades. Monacolin K, a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, identical to the active ingredient in the prescription statin drug lovastatin, could be a promising feed supplement for layers. Aims To determine the effects of high monacolin K red yeast rice (RYR) supplement on feed intake, egg production, egg cholesterol content, plasma lipid and enzyme metabolites in laying hens. Methods Hyline brown layers were fed RYR supplement at 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6% of the diet for 6 weeks. Total and daily feed intake, egg production, egg weights and feed conversion ratio between the RYR treated groups and the control were compiled. Egg cholesterol and egg quality at the 3rd and 6th week of the feeding trial were analysed. Plasma lipids and enzymes were sampled towards the end of the trial. Key results Egg cholesterol were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the 0.8 and 1.6% RYR supplemented group. Supplementation with 0.8% RYR resulted in 11.16% reduction in egg cholesterol at the 3rd week with no further improvements with longer feeding. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in total and daily feed intake, egg production, egg weights and feed conversion ratio (FCR) between the RYR treated and control group. Total plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the 0.8 and 1.6% RYR supplemented group when compared with the control group. RYR supplementation exert no significant differences (P > 0.05) in plasma enzyme levels. Conclusions The present study suggests that RYR supplementation of 0.8% resulted in egg cholesterol reduction by 11.16% with no adverse effects on laying hens. Implications The feeding trial showed that RYR supplement can be used as a feed additive in layer diets to lower egg cholesterol, plasma cholesterol and triglycerides with no adverse effects on layer egg production and plasma enzymes over the feeding period.
Comparison of smartphone and lab-grade NIR spectrometers to measure chemical composition of lamb and beef
Authors: Coombs Cassius E. O. , Fajardo Mario , González Luciano A.
Published: September 2021

Context Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has been extensively investigated for non-destructive and rapid determination of pH and chemical composition of meat including water, crude protein, intramuscular fat (IMF) and stable isotopes. Smaller, cheaper NIRS sensors that connect to a smartphone could enhance the accessibility and uptake of this technology by consumers. However, the limited wavelength range of these sensors could restrict the accuracy of predictions compared with benchtop laboratory NIRS models. Aims To compare the precision and accuracy metrics of predicting pH, water, crude protein and IMF of three sample presentations and two sensors. Methods Fresh intact (FI) store-bought beef and lamb steak samples (n = 43) were ground and freeze-dried (FD), and then oven-dried to create freeze-dried oven-dried (FDOD) samples. All three forms of sample presentation (FI, FD, FDOD) were scanned using the smartphone and benchtop NIRS sensors. Key results The IMF was the best predicted trait in FD and FDOD forms by the smartphone NIRS (R2 >0.75; RPD >1.40) with limited differences between the two sensors. However, predictions on FI meat were poorer for all traits regardless of the NIRS scanner used (R2 ≤ 0.67; RPD ≤ 1.58) and not suitable for use in research or industry. Conclusion The smartphone NIRS sensor showed accuracy and precision comparable to benchtop NIRS to predict meat composition. However, these preliminary results found that neither of the two sensors reliably predicted quality attributes for industry or consumer applications. Implications Miniaturised NIRS sensors connected to smartphones could provide a practical solution to measure some meat quality attributes such as IMF, but the accuracy depends on sample presentation.
Management tools for genetic diversity in an isolated population of the honeybee (
Authors: Petersen Gertje E. L. , Fennessy Peter F. , Dearden Peter K.
Published: September 2021

Context Beekeepers and honeybee queen breeders alike currently have few tools at their disposal for the management of genetic diversity inside their populations. Pedigree information is often absent, beekeepers cannot afford to genotype selection candidates due to costs, and acquisition of material for genotyping without risk to individual queen bees is difficult. However, in New World honeybee populations where import of additional genetic material to refresh the population is restricted (e.g. Australia) or impossible (e.g. New Zealand), management of genetic diversity is important for population sustainability. While the role of individual beekeepers in maintaining genetic resources becomes crucial under these circumstances, a more holistic approach to the management of genetic diversity is needed to allow for maximum impact of their contribution. Aims The establishment of affordable genotyping methodologies for successful strategies in managing honeybee genetic diversity, as well as the necessary delivery systems for the results to support the beekeeping community by providing interpretation in the context of the wider population. Methods Genotyping-by-sequencing of honeybee samples collected as part of a national survey were used as the basis for assessment of New Zealand’s honeybee genetic diversity and development of a tool with largely self-explanatory outputs that can be used directly by beekeepers. Key results It would appear that New Zealand’s honeybee population is sufficiently diverse to maintain population viability. However, both within regions and within companies, genetic diversity is significantly reduced, especially in the case of specialised queen breeders, indicating that active management will be necessary to achieve long-term sustainability. Conclusions Interactive tools are needed to help beekeepers understand their role in maintaining overall genetic diversity in the honeybee population as well as the potential impact of planned bee movement and queen acquisitions. Regular rounds of voluntary bee sampling can be used as the basis for management decisions without concentrating genotyping load on specific operators and restricting diversity assessments to subpopulations. Implications The described strategy is expected to both improve the outlook of New Zealand’s honeybee population as a whole and facilitate stringent genetic improvement programs by enabling queen breeders to make informed selection decisions and giving beekeepers confidence in the viability of their population.
Key steps to improve the assessment, evaluation and management of fish kills: lessons from the Murray–Darling River system, Australia
Authors: Koehn John D.
Published: September 2021

Fish kills are very visible, with high levels of public scrutiny and major effects on populations. In 2018–19, extensive fish kills in the lower Darling River, south-eastern Australia, resulted in the deaths of millions of fish, including threatened and popular, iconic angling and important cultural species. This distressed local communities and the broader Australian society, who questioned the competence of fish and water management. Fish kills are increasing in frequency and severity, exacerbated by climate change. This paper reports on eight major fish-kill case studies across the Murray–Darling Basin that were examined to assess management adequacy. Field assessments and reporting have been poor, not documenting all species or numbers affected. Few values of fishes (cultural, conservation, recreational, social, ecological, economic) have been assessed and replacement or management costs not determined. There is a need to philosophically change our approach to take fish kills more seriously. More comprehensive approaches to assessment, evaluation and management are needed. Responsibilities for fish kills should be clarified and include water and habitat management agencies. Post-kill recovery plans that include the replacement of lost ecological assets should be published and enacted. This paper provides a fresh perspective on fish kills, with 15 key recommendations applicable to improve future management worldwide.
Ecohydraulic model for designing environmental flows supports recovery of imperilled Murray cod (
Authors: Stuart Ivor G. , Sharpe Clayton P.
Published: September 2021

Large dryland and semi-arid rivers are among the world’s most heavily modified ecosystems, and the Darling–Baaka River of eastern Australia highlights the challenges in conserving such ecosystems. Since 2000, the hydrology at the downstream end of the system (the Lower Darling River, LDR) has been transformed from a naturally near-perennial flowing system to an intermittent one by increased water abstraction, prolonged drought and climate change. This hydrological change has placed immense pressure on the native fish populations, such as the imperilled Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), as evidenced by the 2018–19 catastrophic fish kills. Here we outline an ecohydraulic conceptual model for designing environmental flows to support spawning and recruitment of Murray cod. An environmental flow based on this model was released in 2016–17, following 524 consecutive days of continuous zero flows. The LDR flow consisted of an increased discharge in late winter–spring to promote broad-scale lotic (i.e. >0.3 m s–1) conditions, hydraulic complexity and continuous base flows to maintain connectivity and water quality. Monitoring of Murray cod during and following the flow revealed successful spawning and recruitment. This finding is significant because it provides justification for altering current water management policies that are failing to protect this nationally significant ecosystem.
Compounding in Old Italian
Authors: Micheli M. Silvia
Published: September 2021

This paper provides a corpus-based analysis of compounding in Old Italian. The semantic and formal properties of compound words attested in Old Italian are described and discussed through the theoretical tools provided by Construction Morphology. The analysis confirms that compounding is exploited since the earliest attestations of the language. It reveals that Old Italian compounds are mostly right-headed endocentric or exocentric: particularly, endocentric [ADV-Y]Y, [A-N]N|Aand exocentric [V-N]Nare the most productive schemas. Moreover, this study highlights a significant influence of Latin on Italian compounding, whereby many Old Italian compounds are Latin loanwords and calques which served as a model for the creation of new native compounds.
Cellular Tango: how extracellular matrix adhesion choreographs Rac-Rho signaling and cell movement
Authors: Rens Elisabeth G , Edelstein-Keshet Leah
Published: September 2021

The small GTPases Rac and Rho are known to regulate eukaryotic cell shape, promoting front protrusion (Rac) or rear retraction (Rho) of the cell edge. Such cell deformation changes the contact and adhesion of cell to the extracellular matrix (ECM), while ECM signaling through integrin receptors also affects GTPase activity. We develop and investigate a model for this three-way feedback loop in 1D and 2D spatial domains, as well as in a fully deforming 2D cell shapes with detailed adhesion-bond biophysics. The model consists of reaction–diffusion equations solved numerically with open-source software, Morpheus, and with custom-built cellular Potts model simulations. We find a variety of patterns and cell behaviors, including persistent polarity, flipped front-back cell polarity oscillations, spiral waves, and random protrusion-retraction. We show that the observed spatial patterns depend on the cell shape, and vice versa.
Influence of nitrogen ratios on rutile to anatase phase transition of titanium oxynitride thin films deposited via reactive magnetron sputtering
Authors: Khwansungnoen Phalakorn , Choeysuppaket Attapol , Rattana Tanattha
Published: September 2021

Thin films of titanium oxynitride deposited via reactive direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering method followed by annealing treatment at 500 °C for crystallization improvement. The thin films were grown under the Ar/O2/N2 gases mixture by various nitrogen ratios. The crystalline structure, surface morphology, and optical properties of the obtained thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, respectively. The rutile to anatase phase transition could be detected that increased with increasing the nitrogen ratio and also affected the crystallite size and the thickness of the thin films. The optical bandgap evaluated by the Tauc plot is in the range of 2.78–3.17 eV.
Utilization of condenser waste heat of cold storage as energy conversion system based on thermoelectric generators
Authors: Entikaria Rachmanita Risse , Azizah Nur
Published: September 2021

The energy conversion system based on thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a system that functions to convert heat energy from temperature differences into electrical energy. One of the heat sources that can be used is condenser waste heat. The condenser heat has a temperature of around 60-70 °C which could potentially be used as an energy source based on thermoelectric generators. This study aims to design an energy conversion system from condenser waste heat in a cold storage. The system design will be tested for variations in the series, parallel, and series-parallel TEG configurations. The second test used a temperature variation of 40 - 110 °C with an increase of 10 °C. The results showed that variations in the TEG configuration and temperature used in the thermoelectric generator had a major influence on the power produced. The series configuration is the best configuration that can produce the greatest power. The temperature that can produce the greatest power in this study is 110 °C where the higher the temperature, the higher the power produced. However, the test carried out on the condenser waste heat in cold storage produces quite a small amount of power because the temperature difference between the cold side and the hot side is relatively low so that the power produced is small. Then the test with a stabilizer also produces small power and an unstable current so that it cannot be used as an energy source in a power bank. However, this shows that condenser waste heat has good potential and prospects as an alternative energy source based on thermoelectric generators.
Study Technical Economic Efficiency of Fixing PV Power Plant at Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University by using Simulation Software
Authors: Mameekul Archsuek , Jeebkaew Kittiwath , Mangkalakeeree Pongpat
Published: September 2021

The technical-economic efficiency of fixing PV power plants in the 1 MW model was studied by using the PVSYST program. This model installed at Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University. The solar panels of mono-crystalline silicon solar panels and poly-crystalline silicon were compared to the capacity of 325 W based on technical and economic efficiency. It was found that mono-crystalline silicon energy produced has entered the grid system, performed more than 1 MWh/year (0.06 %). The main reason is due to the higher losses at poly-crystalline solar panels (0.09%) to the same losses in the inverter (-1.76%), but mono-crystalline silicon has a better performance ratio (average 79.7%). In economics, the mono crystalline silicon solar cells should be used to generate electricity because the capacity is 1,618 MWh/year and the cost of electricity generation is 0.76 baht/kWh with a payback period of 4 years and 4 months.
Electrochemical properties of Co-doped titanate nanotubes for energy storage
Authors: Masakul P. , Prasoetsopha N. , Maensiri S. , Rujirawat S.
Published: September 2021

Co-doped titanate nanotubes (TNTs) with a nominal composition of Co
x
Ti3-x
O7(Na2-
yHy·nH2O) (where 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.30) were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal route at a temperature of 130 °C for 24 h. The diameter of nanotubes was found to be on the 7 ∼ 20 nm. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The electrochemical properties were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) at different scan rates (2-200 mV/s) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) at different constant current densities in 6 M KOH. The electrochemical measurement showed the variation of the specific capacitances depending on the doping level. The specific capacitances of Co-doped TNTs significantly increased with increasing doping level. The electrochemical properties of TNTs can be improved by Co doping.
The Barium Borosilicate Glass on Neutron/Gamma Rays Shielding from Theoretical Values Computation at 1 keV to 100 GeV of the Energy Range
Authors: Jarupreedephad K. , Cheewasukhanont W. , Chaiphaksa W. , Limkitjaroenporn P. , Kaewkhao J.
Published: September 2021

The inspection of radiation shielding specimens in the composition xBaO : (40-x)SiO2 : 25ZnO : 30B2O3 : 5Al2O3, where x = 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 mol % of borosilicate glasses went on to radiation shielding parameters, found that the MAC, the Zeff, the atomic cross-section, and the electronic cross-section have the same trends when added BaO increase, but when the energy increases, all values of the four parameters decreased with increasing of the energy ranges. The result of Ne was described as the atomic radius of BaO that affects the probability of interactions in the Compton scattering ranges. The results of HVL and MFP demonstrated that the lower both parameters affected volume requirement and decreased the average distance when photon traveled in the material, which can design the physical characteristic of the radiation shielding specimens.
Solar Cell Water Pump Mobile for Agriculture in Thailand
Authors: Cha-ar-mart Kongphope , Jeebkaew Kittiwath , Mameekul Archsuek , Singsoog Kunchit , Seetawan Tosawat
Published: September 2021

The water pump has been supported by agriculturalist to control the quantity of water with agriculture. However, the water pump used oil or electrical energy which increased cost of agriculturalist and some area no have electricity or far from the marsh. We proposed the innovative mobile solar cell water pump which clean energy for solving the problem of no electricity, agricultures far from water and pumping water ground and underground. It was found that the mobile solar cell water pump can tacking: Z-axis 0-70° and X-axis 0-360°, changing battery storage: 24 V; 50 Ah and moving anywhere by agriculturalist control. The stroke pump can pump water 3000 L/h and transfer water 200 m to agricultural area which easily and low cost maintenance by agriculturalist. The microcontroller system like artificial intelligence (AI) is shown on the monitor of electrical power, electromotive force, electrical current, water flow rate, and quantity water.
Visible luminescence properties of Sm3+-dope barium gadolinium glasses
Authors: Kirdsiri K , Kaewkhao J
Published: September 2021

A series of barium gadolinium borate glasses doped with Sm3+ ions in chemical composition of 20BaO:10Gd2O3:(70-x)B2O3: xSm2O3 were synthesized by melt quenching technique, at different Sm2O3 concentration varying from 0.0 to 1.5 mol%. The prepared glasses were systematically characterized their properties through density, molar volume, absorption, excitation and emission spectra. The density and molar volume of glasses increased with increasing of Sm2O3 in higher concentration. The absorption spectra show characteristic peaks of Sm3+ in visible and infrared regions. The emission spectra show the strongest reddish-orange emission at 598 nm under excitation at 403 nm. The CIE1931 chromaticity coordinate shows that all glasses emitted the orange color, which could be used as orange emitting material applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Water Hyacinth
Authors: Ananpreechakorn W , Seetawan T
Published: September 2021

Water hyacinth-based activated carbon (denoted as ACWH) with porous has the chemical and thermal activation of the material. The chemical and thermal activation were synthesized by chemical types used for activation process, activation time, temperature, carbonization time. Which the temperature for the thermal activation process was optimized to produce size activated carbon (AC). The crystal structure, microstructure and chemical composition of activated carbon was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. It was found that the performance of the activated carbon shows mixed phase of carbon (90%) and graphite (10%).
Development of Imitation Black Spinel from Coconut Shell Ash as a Glass Modifier
Authors: Sangsawat Yinda , Srisittipokakun Nattapon , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: September 2021

The aims of this research, Study the effect of using ashes from coconut shell ash as a Glass Modifier in glass composition to develop of imitation black spinel. From the analysis of main components of coconut shell ash, both before and after burning. It was found that before burning, coconut shell ash has main element is K2O SiO2 and CaO. In proportion equal to 60.83, 14.64 and 14.11 (wt%) and also found that the elements of the additives that affect the color including MnO, Fe2O3 and CuO. After sintering at a temperature of 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 °C. Found that quantity K2O and CaO has decreased proportion. On the other hand, SiO2 has increase proportion. Then Use the ashes from the burnt coconut shell ash as a chemical replace K2O in glass formula (45-x)B2O3: 20SiO2: 15Bi2O3: 20K2O: xCoO (where x was 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 mol%). Found that the glass is opaque. The density of the glass was between 4.1338 ± 0.0004 and 4.1587 ± 0.0019 g/cm3, which is greater than the density of black spinel. Glass had a hardness value of 6.5 Mohs scale which is comparable to the felspar, but it is less than the hardness of the real black spinel, which is 7.5 Mohs scale.
Optimal parameters of EWMA Control Chart for Seasonal and Non-Seasonal Moving Average Processes
Authors: Areepong Y , Chananet C
Published: September 2021

The main goal of this paper is to study optimal parameters of an Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chart for seasonal and non-seasonal Moving Average (SMA and MA) processes. The characteristic of control chart is Average Run Length (ARL) which is the average number of samples taken before an action signal is given. Ideally, an acceptable ARL of in-control process should be large enough, so-called Average Run Length for in-control process (ARL
0). Otherwise, it should be small when the process is out-of-control, so-called Average Run Length for out-of-control process (ARL
1). We obtain explicit formulas of ARL for EWMA chart for Moving Average (MA) process with exponential white noise. In particular, the explicit analytical formulas for evaluating ARL
0 and ARL
1 are able to obtain a set of optimal parameters which depend on a smoothing parameter (λ) and a width of control limit (b) for designing EWMA chart with a minimum ARL
1 value. In addition, the explicit formulas for the EWMA control chart was applied with the practical data of the unemployment rate of Thailand.
Gaussian process mixture model for prediction based on maximum posterior distribution
Authors: Yuhan Zhao
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a numerical experiment was proposed, which is based on the Bayesian procedure and Gaussian Process. Gaussian Process prior distribution was supposed as a before evaluating the hyperparameters of the Gaussian Process model via GyPytorch. Finally, the Gaussian process posterior was achieved and then confidence regions were visualized in two-dimensional planes. The Gaussian Process model could perform under common or specified kernel functions, while it depends on the prior information to a great extent.
The Current Situation and Prospect of Lithium Batteries for New Energy Vehicles
Authors: Wang Tianhao
Published: September 2021

Under the current international situation, the use of newer clean energy has become a necessary condition for human life. The use of new energy vehicles is undoubtedly closely related to most people’s lives. As the core and power source of new energy vehicles, the role of batteries is the most critical. This paper analyzes the application and problems of lithium-ion batteries in the current stage. By comparing lithium-iron phosphate batteries with ternary lithium-ion batteries, the medium and long-term development directions of lithium-ion batteries are put forward. And the research products of different development directions and the current progress are illustrated with examples.