bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pes Sözcüğünün Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Metinlerindeki Anlamları Üzerine
Authors: Baran Burhan
Published: October 2024

Sözcüklerin bağlama göre kazandıkları farklı anlamlar, onları çok anlamlı hâle getirmektedir. Çok anlamlılık, sözcüklerin anlam alanı bakımından zenginliğini gösteren önemli bir ölçüttür. Türk dili çok anlamlılık açısından dikkate şayan bir özellik taşımaktadır. Eski Türkçeden beri bu anlam olayı mevcuttur. Bazı sözcüklerin anlamları, Eski Türkçeden Türkiye Türkçesine anlam genişlemesi yoluyla artarak gelmiştir. Sıklık da çok anlamlılığı etkileyen bir unsurdur. Genellikle sözcüklerin sıklığı arttıkça anlam sayıları da artmaktadır. Bu anlamlar, sözcüğün birleşik sözcük, atasözü ve deyimlerde kullanılmasıyla daha da artmaktadır. Eski Anadolu Türkçesi döneminde de bazı sözcükler çok farklı anlamlara gelecek şekilde kullanılmıştır. Bu sözcüklerden biri “pes” sözcüğüdür. Pes sözcüğü, bu dönemde hem sık kullanılması hem çok anlamlı olması nedeniyle dikkati çekmektedir. Sözcük, Tarama Sözlüğü’nde birkaç anlamla yer almaktadır. Döneme ait yazma eser çalışmalarının sözlük veya dizin kısımlarında da pes sözcüğü, Tarama Sözlüğü’ne paralel anlamlarla geçmektedir. Ancak Eski Anadolu Türkçesi dönemine ait bazı metinler taranmak suretiyle sözcüğe verilen bu anlamların yetersiz olduğu, sözcüğün daha başka anlamlara da sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İşte bu makalede pes sözcüğünün Eski Anadolu Türkçesi metinlerindeki anlamları üzerinde durulmaktadır.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF STINGLESS BEE (Heterotrigona itama) HONEY COLLECTED FROM Calliandra calothyrsus PLANTATION IN EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Paramita Swandari , Arung Enos Tangke , Syafrizal Syafrizal , Naıbaho Netty Maria
Published: October 2024

Stingless bee honey is one of the most valuable insect products. The increasing popularity of stingless bee honey can be attributed to its composition, which has been linked to medicinal properties. Beekeeping with stingless bees is well-known in Indonesia, with Heterotrigona itama is the most popular stingless bee species cultivated in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Stingless bees utilize various plant species as sustenance sources. Among those plants, Calliandra calothyrsus is popular planting in Indonesian bee plantations. This study analyzed the antioxidant (DPPH assay), phytochemical (qualitative method), water, and sugar content of H. itama stingless bee honey collected from a C. calothyrsus plantation. The results show that the water and sugar contents of the honey in this study were higher than in other research. Meanwhile, antioxidant capacity was also higher than in other studies. The phytochemical contents detected from honey in this study were carotenoids, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, and triterpenoids. Even though the properties of stingless bee honey can differ based on vegetation and geographical origin, H. itama stingless bee honey collected from C. calothyrsus plantation in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, showed potential antioxidant activity and phytochemical content, which is advantageous to human health.
USE OF MACHINE LEARNING TOOLS AND PYTHON LIBRARIES FOR PREDICTION THROUGH REGRESSIONS
Authors: Telychko Hanna , Baytelman Yakiv (Jacob) , Zhukovska Daria
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this work is forecasting the average check amount depending on the time spent by customers in the retail area and forecasting the average check amount based on seasonal demand characteristics considering the constant annual price growth.
Forecast methods were analysed. The use of Python libraries was considered. The code was developed for solving the above-mentioned forecasting tasks through linear, polynomial and random forest regressions, specifically, the search for the dependence of the average check amount on the time spent by customers in the retail area and the dependence of the average check amount on seasonal price fluctuations over several years. A comparison of the results of linear and polynomial regression was made under conditions of smaller or larger volumes of the input data, explanations were provided regarding the appropriateness of choosing one or the other when modelling non-cyclical processes and why the random forest model provides adequate results for cyclical processes. The source code and examples of input data were shared for public access.
Scientific novelty lies in the ways of applying regressions for modelling and forecasting the average check amount depending on the time customers spend in the retail area as well as the average check amount depending on seasonal demand characteristics with consideration of constant price growth.
The selected examples of cyclical and non-cyclical economic phenomena are the most common ones, and practitioners face similar tasks daily. Therefore, the results of this work provide them with ready-made solutions that require minimal adaptation to practical needs. Additionally, it demonstrates the feasibility of deploying them in the AWS cloud environment and the potential for integration with various data sources and other information systems.
Зовнішньоторговельні зв’язки України та Польщі: 2022–2024
Authors: МЕЛЬНИК Тетяна , ТУНІЦЬКА Юлія
Published: October 2024

З початку широкомасштабного вторгнення рф Польща стала стратегічним союзником України у протистоянні неспровокованій збройній агресії, зробивши неоціненний внесок не лише у розвʼя­зання проблеми вимушеної міграції українських біженців, а й у відновлення торговельно-еконо­мічних звʼязків з провідними країнами світу, набула статусу ключового торговельного партнера. Однак війна постала випробуванням для держав-сусідів у сфері зовнішньої торгівлі агропромис­ловою продукцією, зокрема зерном. Дослідження ґрунтується на гіпотезі про необхідність подо­лання негативних наслідків "зернового конфлікту", що позначились на обсягах та динаміці зовнішньо­торговельних відносин України та Польщі, співпраці у напрямку розроблення ефективного механізму регулювання експорту продукції АПК України. Для перевірки гіпотези використано такі методи дослідження: узагальнення, аналізу та синтезу, порівняння, наукового абстрагування та система­тизації. Зʼясовано, що головними характеристи­ками зовнішньої торгівлі між країнами була сировинна спрямованість українського експорту на тлі імпорту польської продукції з високою доданою вартістю, відʼємне зовнішньоторго­вельне сальдо та неповне використання потенціалів обох країн. Основними передумовами "зернового конфлікту" стали прояви недобросовісної конкуренції українських експортерів поряд із впровадженням вимог "зеленого курсу" на території ЄС. Вста­новлено, що односторонні торговельні обмеження на зерно та іншу аграрну продукцію водночас із політично забарвленими протестами польських фермерів та перевізників, що супроводжуються блокуванням польсько-українського кордону, поста­вили під загрозу напрацьовані протягом десяти­літь та за умов війни спільні здобутки у зовнішньо­економічних звʼязках. У звʼязку з особливостями механізму застосування санкцій ЄС, спрямова­ними на послаблення економіки країни-агресора, триває зовнішня торгівля певними товарами Польщі з росією та білоруссю, у тому числі агропродовольчою продукцією. Зроблено висновки про необхідність в умовах прискорення євроінтегра­ції України удосконалення спільного з Польщею механізму співпраці щодо запобігання руйнівного впливу на ринки продукції АПК та створення умов для чесної конкурентної боротьби на Єдиному європейському ринку, у тому числі зважаючи на ризик розгортання протистояння фермерів інших країн ЄС.
Efficiency of small business: the case of Nigeria
Authors: ZEKERI Abu , TUNDE-ARIGBEDE Oludunni Toyosi , KOWO Solomon Akpoviroro
Published: October 2024

The concept of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has been widely discussed through previous studies in entrepreneurship, so it can be considered as one of the main topics in this field, and the most commonly used measure of entrepreneurial behaviour. The main objectives of the study were to determine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on small and medium sized enterprises and also to examine the effect of innovative performance on EO. The study population refers to selected SMEs that were registered with the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) in Ogun State, Nigeria. The primary data was generated through the field survey using structured questionnaire as a major research instrument. Taro Yamani scientific formula was adopted to determine the sample size. Correlation statistical analytical, Pearson Product Moment correlation Coefficient method and content validity method was applied. The study used Analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation efficiency, and regression analysis for this study. The research found that there is a significant effect of entrepreneurial orientation on small and medium sized enterprises performance in Nigeria. Moreover, the results of the study indicated that EO affects innovative performance. The study recommends that small and medium sized enterprises should embrace the entrepreneurial orientation dimensions of autonomy, pro-activeness, risk taking, competitive aggressiveness and innovativeness to increase business performance and SMEs operators should adopt autonomy by encouraging employees to be autonomous and be free to take initiative for the best interest of the organization and use periodic appraisal to monitor them.
Traslados escolares y aspiraciones de jóvenes en territorios rurales mexicanos
Authors: Hernández Herrera María Teresa , Pérez Martínez María Guadalupe
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Los traslados escolares presentan un componente para el movimiento, que en este artículo se explora a partir de las aspiraciones de los estudiantes participantes. Metodología: Se considera un enfoque cualitativo, con entrevistas semiestructuradas a tres estudiantes y el director de una secundaria rural. El análisis se hizo a través de codificación selectiva. Resultados: Los traslados escolares influyen en las trayectorias educativas, pueden representar riesgos para los estudiantes. En su realización las familias participan dependiendo de sus recursos socioeconómicos y condiciones laborales, también interviene la gestión escolar para construir alternativas de transportación. Las aspiraciones de los estudiantes varían entre continuar estudios y trabajar, influenciadas por percepciones familiares y experiencias escolares. Discusión: Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de políticas que aborden los riesgos en traslados. Es necesario fortalecer el involucramiento escolar en los traslados escolares y la construcción de aspiraciones de estudiantes rurales, en particular, identificar las percepciones que pueden influir en las aspiraciones y decisiones de los estudiantes. Conclusiones: El estudio documenta la importancia del apoyo familiar, escolar y comunitario en los traslados escolares, y el riesgo que pueden incrementar las brechas educativas. Las aspiraciones educativas requieren acompañamiento, a través de tutoría y orientación vocacional contextualizada.
Revisión exploratoria sobre los fenómenos migratorios en América Latina: tendencias y perspectivas económicas.
Authors: Lafaurie Eder
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La migración se ha convertido en un fenómeno latente en los territorios latinoamericanos por factores que obedecen a lo económico, político y social. Metodología: Este estudio utiliza un enfoque cualitativo y descriptivo para revisar sistemáticamente la literatura sobre las causas y efectos económicos de la migración en la región, utilizando 47 investigaciones seleccionadas a través de la PRISMA. Resultados: Se identifican áreas de consenso, como el papel de los factores económicos y políticos, y discrepancias en la interpretación de las políticas migratorias y su impacto. Las metodologías van desde estudios cuantitativos hasta enfoques cualitativos que exploran diferentes dimensiones del fenómeno migratorio en América Latina. Discusión: El estudio destaca que la migración en América Latina es compleja y multifacética, influenciada por diversos factores económicos, políticos y sociales. Aunque hay consenso en algunas áreas, existen discrepancias significativas que demandan más investigación y análisis. Conclusiones: Es importante adoptar un enfoque interdisciplinario para analizar la migración y evaluar cómo las políticas migratorias afectan económicamente a América Latina. Se requieren investigaciones futuras para explorar áreas menos estudiadas y abordar las lagunas existentes en este campo.
región, utilizando 47 investigaciones seleccionadas a través de la PRISMA. Resultados: Se identifican áreas de consenso, como el papel de los factores económicos y políticos, y discrepancias en la interpretación de las políticas migratorias y su impacto. Las metodologías van desde estudios cuantitativos hasta enfoques cualitativos que exploran diferentes dimensiones del fenómeno migratorio en América Latina. Discusión: El estudiodestaca que la migración en América Latina es compleja y multifacética, influenciada por diversos factores económicos, políticos y sociales. Aunque hay consenso en algunas áreas,existen discrepancias significativas que demandan más investigación y análisis.Conclusiones: Es importante adoptar un enfoque interdisciplinario para analizar lamigración y evaluar cómo las políticas migratorias afectan económicamente a AméricaLatina. Se requieren investigaciones futuras para explorar áreas menos estudiadas yabordar las lagunas existentes en este campo.
Prospects of productive strata of the pre-Jurassic complex of Western Siberia for the discovery and involvement in the development
Authors: Bembel S. R. , Bembel R. M. , Karpov D. O.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the prospects of productive strata of deposits of the pre-Jurassic complex of Western Siberia for searching, forecasting and involving in the development. Some features of the geological structure of Triassic volcanic-sedimentary deposits and formations of the Paleozoic basement have been identified within the pre-Jurassic complex. The construction of digital geological models of Triassic and Paleozoic formations, which are fundamentally different in the geometry of the internal structure of the hydrocarbon deposits discovered in them, is based on 3D seismic information and its interpretation. In deposits of Triassic and Paleozoic sediments, significant differences in the composition and filtration-capacitive properties of rock reservoirs have been recorded; the principles for creating the structural frameworks of their digital models are also different. 3D seismic data makes it possible to correlate the Triassic strata and identify individual cycles, the boundaries and geometry of which are used to create digital three-dimensional geological models. When creating models of hydrocarbon deposits in Paleozoic formations confined to basement high areas, based on the interpretation of 3D seismic survey materials and analysis of seismic attributes, in combination with information on core, petrophysics and well testing, a forecast is made for the development of areas and strata of increased fracturing of rocks, which are the main inflow strata in production wells. Using the example of individual developed deposits confined to the pre-Jurassic complex in the fields of Western Siberia, the actual results of integrating geological and geophysical information with 3D seismic data are shown. Based on these results not only an assessment of the geological reserves of hydrocarbons was carried out, but also hydrodynamic calculations were conducted to perform history matching, as well as recommendations were made for the locations for drilling wells, their geometry and test strata. The accumulated experience in exploration and development of productive deposits of the pre-Jurassic complex allows us to assess the geometry and features of objects of interest in this interval, select the most informative methods for their mapping and methods for creating digital geological models that are the basis for designing the development.
The solution of the task of dynamic interpretation of seismic data using machine learning methods
Authors: Vokina V. R. , Avdyukov A. S. , Lesiv A. A. , Krupkin I. A. , Emelyanov A. N.
Published: October 2024

This article examines the problem of dynamically interpreting seismic data using machine learning models, which include Extremely Randomized Trees (Extra Trees), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) for the given problem. The study analyzes some existing solutions of the problem and describes the advantages of these machine learning models. Accuracy is estimated using the root mean square error metric. The authors found that dynamic interpretation and prediction of seismic data using these machine learning methods had not been extensively explored in research on related topics, which became the main focus of the study. The article formalizes the use of the mentioned models and highlights features and advantages for the given problem. Several common machine learning methods were investigated to find functional relationships between input parameters. Computational experiments were conducted to evaluate their applicability and compare the algorithms. The results show that the Extra Trees method is the most suitable for practical use for the given problem, as it demonstrates the highest accuracy in determining functional relationships and dynamic interpretation.
Intelligent filtering of field data
Authors: Ponomarev R. Y. , Leshchenko A. A. , Ziazev R. R. , Galiullin M. M. , Migmanov R. R. , Ivlev M. I.
Published: October 2024

In the oil and gas industry, the measured parameters during oil and gas production are often affected by noise, which contributes to complex and non-monotonic dynamics. This makes manual analysis and interpretation extremely difficult.

   Therefore, this article aims to develop an algorithm capable of identifying and removing noise (signal changes without a clear cause) in the production parameters of well operation.

   The article examines data smoothing methods, including moving average, exponential smoothing, Kalman filter, Wiener filter, Savitzky-Golay filter, Fourier transform, and wavelet transform. The authors identified advantages and limitations. An alternative approach is proposed, combining machine learning methods with standard data filtering tools. The developed algorithm restores the true dynamics of well performance metrics and filters out and smooths noise related to technical malfunctions. The novelty of the algorithm lies in using an LSTM neural network to extract the trend component from noisy dynamics, taking into account events occurring at the well itself as well as events happening at surrounding wells.
Geological and geochemical aspects of modeling of hydrocarbon systems
Authors: Imamov R. R.
Published: October 2024

Forecasting the phase-genetic types of hydrocarbons is the most important stage in modelling geological hydrocarbon systems. This is because accurate qualitative and quantitative assessment of potential reserves is necessary for making informed investment decisions in exploration activities. Improving the precision of qualitative and quantitative oil and gas forecast can help reduce geological risks in asset development and increase investment efficiency. Therefore, technologies that allow modelling of hydrocarbon systems are becoming ever more important.

   This study aims to explore the key geological and geochemical aspects of hydrocarbon system modelling.

   Hydrocarbon systems refer to interconnected elements and geological processes influencing hydrocarbon formation in sedimentary basins. The study emphasizes that the "oil window" concept, or the theory of hydrocarbon formation phases, provides the theoretical basis for hydrocarbon systems. This concept consistently encompasses the entire history of sedimentary basin development, the evolution of thermal and thermobaric regimes in sedimentary deposits, the transformation of organic matter, hydrocarbon generation, migration, accumulation, and preservation processes. Using the results of modelling of hydrocarbon systems to evaluate geological risks and the economic impact of exploration activities can be a powerful instrument for companies that make investment decisions in geological exploration.
Main spatial-temporal regularities of the state of the chemical composition of groundwater of the oligocene aquifer in the Shaim oil and gas bearing area
Authors: Rusakova Yu. O. , Plavnik A. G. , Vashurina M. V. , Kovjatkina L. A. , Hramcova A. L. , Sheshukov S. A.
Published: October 2024

The constantly growing need for fresh water in the Shaim oil and gas region necessitates the exploration of new areas and the development of measures to improve the operation of water intakes. To predict the quality of groundwater, which is an operational parameter of the aquifer aquifer, it is needed up-to-date information on the chemical composition of ground-water.

   The aim of this study to identify main spatial-temporal regularities of the state of the chemical composition of groundwater of the oligocene aquifer in the Shaim oil and gas bearing area, compared to average values from adjacent areas.

   Research methods include the systematization of laboratory data on water samples, analysis of groundwater chemistry, and mapping of the main spatial-temporal patterns in component concentration changes. The average values of chemical composition indicators in the studied area are similar to those of neighbouring areas, with some indicators exceeding drinking water standards. Similarities are observed in the variability of the chemical composition, spatial patterns of changes in most chemical indicators, and the presence of areas with extreme values. Current data on the chemical composition of the oligocene aquifer ground-water, including key characteristics and spatial-temporal trends presented in distribution maps, can be used in designing groundwater intakes and forecasting long-term groundwater quality.
Analyzing the wettability changes of rocks in various states of core plugs
Authors: Khorolskaya M. S. , Khorolsky H. O.
Published: October 2024

Current core plugs preparation standards for laboratory studies are developed for water-wet reservoirs and do not consider other types of wettability. Researching how different core preparation methods affect laboratory studies and wettability changes is relevant and important for petrophysical reserve estimation. Preconditions of doing this work was the question how core plugs impacts wettability changes in carbonate formations from several Eastern Siberian fields. The article describes the SCAL results of measuring the USBM wettability on core plugs at various states: a core plug with preserved saturation (before extraction), a core plug after extraction, and a core plug after wettability restoration. The authors showed how each of the stages of core plugs preparation affects wettability changes in rocks, the study of which is complicated by strong diagenetic changes: uneven salinization, bituminization, and anhydritization. The most accurate results were obtained from core plugs with preserved saturation. Overall, wettability of core plugs shifted towards a more hydrophilic state after extraction, but extraction did not fully change wettability from hydrophobic to hydrophilic.
Options for Post-Conflict Constitutional Arrangements in Sudan
Authors: Murray Christina , Scherr Kathrin Maria
Published: October 2024

This discussion paper, Options for Post-Conflict Constitutional Arrangements in Sudan, was prepared and presented at a seminar organized by the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) in Sudan in cooperation with the Arab Association for Constitutional Law (AACL). Given the importance of the subject in Sudan’s current history and constitutional future, two constitutional experts; Christina Murray and Kathrin Maria Scherr, were carefully selected based on their extensive experience and knowledge of the constitutional environment in Sudan. The content of the study was discussed in an expert round table with constitutional experts from different legal and political backgrounds, from Africa and Europe, as well as the Arab and Islamic regions. The study discussed the current constitutional reality and the possible constitutional options for producing a permanent Sudanese Constitution that suits the post-conflict situation in Sudan. The paper also discussed key questions defining the path toward Sudan’s future. Therefore, this study is significant for constitutionalists and those interested in political reform issues in Sudan, including local, regional and international policymakers.
Computer simulation of x-ray section topography of gas pores in a silicon carbide crystal
Authors: Kohn V. G.
Published: October 2024

The results of computer simulation of images of gas pores in a silicon carbide crystal in sectional topograms, that is, during diffraction of a narrow beam of X-rays in the crystal, are presented for the first time. For this purpose, a special module of the universal computer program XRWP was used. This program is developing by the author to calculate the effects of coherent X-ray optics. The calculation method combines two methods, previously known, namely, Fourier transform methods (Kato method), and the method of solving the Takagi-Taupin equations. It is shown that gas pores can produce a wide variety of images, depending on the experimental conditions and the position of the gas pore inside the crystal.
The process of superdeep penetration of high-speed metallic particles in solid body
Authors: Nikitin A. I. , Nikitin V. A. , Velichko A. M. , Nikitina T. F.
Published: October 2024

An explanation of the effects arising at the collision of a stream of metal particles with a size of 10–100 microns, moving at a speed of 1–3 km/s, with a solid target is proposed. It is assumed that at the moment of impact on the target, the particle loses some electrons and for some time, due to the presence of an oxide shell, retains a positive charge. The flow of electrons passing through the target at the moment of impact generates an electromagnetic field pulse. A particle with a charge of about 10–9 C, having penetrated into a solid target, presses on the channel wall with a force of about 500 MPa and moves in it under the action of forces caused by the polarization of the target substance. The combination of high pressure and displacement leads to a significant reduction in the particle-wall friction force. The proposed hypothesis, if confirmed, can help find ways to protect electronic devices of spacecraft from impacts from streams of fast dust particles.
The temperature evolution of the atomic structure and the influence of the local environment of atoms on the optical properties of the NA2SIF6 crystal
Authors: Dudka A. P. , Karimov D. N. , Golovina T. G. , Konstantinova A. F.
Published: October 2024

Crystals of sodium hexafluorosilicate Na2SiF6 millimeter size were grown by the hydrothermal method. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, it was revealed that Na2SiF6 samples are twinned according to the merohedral law and crystallize in sp. gr. P321 with unit cell parameters equal at 295 K a = 8.8582(12), c = 5.0396(11) Å, V = 342.47(17) Å3 on average the results of repeated measurements. A multi-temperature diffraction study of Na2SiF6 was carried out, based on the results of which the temperature dynamics of the optical properties of crystals was calculated. The structural similarity of Na2SiF6 crystals with crystals of the langasite family La3Ga5SiO14 was found. This made it possible to explain the optical activity of Na2SiF6 by considering electron density spirals similar to langasite, twisted around a triple axis of symmetry passing through the origin of the Na2SiF6 cell. The fractures in the temperature dependences of the refractive indices and rotation of the plane of polarization of light are explained by taking into account the anomalous features of interatomic interactions along the triple axis of the crystal cell passing through the Si2(2d) position with coordinates (1/3, 2/3, z). It was found that the main factor influencing the temperature dynamics of optical parameters is the Si2(2d)–F2(6g) distance, which increases abnormally with cooling.
Multi-angle spectrophotometric reflectance methods for determining refractive indices
Authors: Zabelina E. V. , Kozlova N. S. , Kasimova V. M.
Published: October 2024

The experience of developing and applying methods for measuring the refractive coefficients of crystals of the highest and middle categories based on multi-angle spectrophotometric reflection methods is presented: by the reflection spectrum from one face at an angle of incidence of light close to normal, and by the reflection method when light falls at Brewster angle. The advantages and limitations of the methods and the requirements for the samples are described. It is shown that the reflection method at an angle of incidence close to normal is applicable for optically isotropic media. The Brewster angle method is applicable for crystals of the highest and middle categories. The measurement accuracy of both methods has been determined. The applicability of these methods is shown for samples of crystals of the highest and middle categories Gd3Al2Ga3O12:Ce and La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 respectively.
Anomalous hardening of two-component disordered crystals
Authors: Petukhov B. V.
Published: October 2024

The nature of increasing the strength of disordered two-component solid solutions in comparison with materials consisting of atoms of one component is studied. For this purpose, the contribution of extreme fluctuations in the distribution of solution atoms, which create obstacles for the movement of dislocation kinks, is calculated. It is shown that a slow - power - decrease in the probability of large delays on such obstacles leads to anomalous kinetics of kinks. It is accompanied by a slowdown in the movement of dislocations. This may be the reason for the hardening of the material.
Transition state of matter in the fluctuation model of crystal growth
Authors: Rakin V. I.
Published: October 2024

Two mechanisms of the effect of the transition state of building particles (activated complexes according to S. Arrhenius) on the crystal growth rate within the framework of the fluctuation model of dislocation crystal growth are discussed. Transition state clusters adsorbed on the surface of the growing face perform the function of an impurity that lowers the surface energy of the crystal at the time moments between free energy fluctuations. Thus, the transition state of the crystallizing substance by the first mechanism affects the relaxation rate of the secondary adsorption of impurities and shortens the time period of attachment of building particles to the crystal face. Other clusters formed in solution reduce the number of free particles and under conditions of low concentration of the building substance are able to decrease the crystallization rate. Nevertheless, in a natural multicomponent crystallization environment, at low concentrations of building material, significant thermal effect of crystallization and small deviations from equilibrium, the role of the transition state in crystal growth is generally insignificant.
Systematics and Phylogeny of Myxomycetes: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow
Authors: Moroz E. L. , Gmoshinsky V. I. , Shchepin O. N. , Novozhilov Yu. K.
Published: October 2024

Myxomycetes are amoeboid fungus-like organisms (Amoebozoa) with a unique life cycle characterized by a great morphological diversity of fruiting bodies. Due to the similarity of these structures to the fruiting bodies of some representatives of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, myxomycetes have been classified as fungi since the first known scientific description in 1654. Only in the XIX century, when their life cycle was studied, the difference of this group from fungi became clear. During the same period, microscopic structures of fruiting bodies, as well as ornamentation of the spore surface, began to be considered as diagnostic features. Due to this, in the period from the end of XIX to the middle of XX century, a rather stable system was formed. However, as further studies have shown, both macro- and micromorphological characters are often quite variable, depend on environmental conditions, and often result from a convergent evolution, which causes difficulties in defining species and taxonomic units of higher ranks. Since the first decade of the 21st century, thanks to the development of molecular genetic methods and accumulation of data on nucleotide sequences of marker genes together with the improvement of microscopic studies, it has been possible to obtain data on the evolutionary relationships of different groups of myxomycetes. A milestone in this process was the publication of the first phylogenetic system of myxomycetes in 2019. This work was the starting point for a number of studies on the relationships of different groups of myxomycetes at a lower taxonomic level. Thus, there has been a surge in the number of studies that bring us closer to constructing a natural system. The latest iteration of the myxomycete system, incorporating all modifications and enhancements as of June 2024, is presented.
Additions to species list of fungi associated with alien and native woody plants in Sverdlovsk Region (Russia, Middle Ural)
Authors: Shiryaev A. G. , Bulgakov T. S. , Shiryaeva O. S. , Kiseleva O. A. , Zmitrovich I. V.
Published: October 2024

We report 115 species of Fungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota) and Stramenopiles (Oomycota) as new to Sverdlovsk Region. Four species are new to Russia (Boeremia heteromorpha, Chuppomyces cf. handelii, Nectria nigrescens, Passalora cf. menispermi). 94% of species were identified only on alien plants in Ekaterinburg urban green plantations and greenhouses. Pathogenic species account for 92%, while several species are harmful plant pathogens.
Ecological and Anatomical Characteristics of riverbank Plants of Water Currents and Waterbodies of the Lower Amur Region
Authors: Tsyrenova D. Ju.
Published: October 2024

The results of an ecological and anatomical study of plants in the coastal shallows of rivers and lakes o the Lower Amur region are presented in order to identify their resistance and adaptability to the conditions of existence. 7 stenotopic species were studied. It was revealed that the vegetative organs of plants are characterized by a combination of typical hydromorphic and specific adaptive features. Adaptation of species to sandy-silty shallow habitats is carried out due to histological transformations of the main tissues. The narrow specialization of species does not affect the typical structure of plant organs and does not lead to a simplification of their internal structure. The studied species are more characterized by signs of terrestrial micromorphology (sclerification, suberinization and cutinization of tissues) rather than hydrophytic. It is assumed that a specific complex of shallow flora was formed mainly from terrestrial species.
Structure of Zooplanktocenoses of Water Bodies of Zoogenic Origin of Different Types in a Specially Protected Natural Territory
Authors: Sirotin A. L. , Sirotina M. V.
Published: October 2024

The features of the structure of zooplankton in beaver ponds and the course of successions in zooplanktocenoses have been studied in the territory of State Natural Reserve “Kologrivsky Les” named after M.G. Sinitsyn. Ponds are divided into groups according to the nature of the watercourse on which they are formed, the height of the floodplain, and the duration of existence. The seasonal succession of zooplankton for all types of ponds begins with the predominance of juvenile stages of Copepoda. In the summer, in newly formed ponds and ponds on rivers with high floodplains, a typical zoogenic transformation of communities is observed occurs with the development of large Cladocera. In long-term ponds on streams and rivers with low floodplains, the dominance of Rotifera and small Cladocera, characteristic of anthropogenic eutrophication, and the highest average values of abundance and biomass, indices of species diversity and evenness were noted.
Find Typha angustata (Typha L., Typhaceae) in the Delta of the Don River (Rostov Region)
Authors: Krasnova A. N. , Polshina T. N.
Published: October 2024

The data on the discovery of the cornucopia of the narrowed Typha angustata in the delta of the Don River are given. In the “Flora of the USSR” this species was understood quite broadly, its range stretched from the Danube to the Pacific Ocean. For a long time, it was not found and was referred to as synonymous with T. australis, T. domingensis T. angustifolia. The species has not disappeared from the composition of the hydrophilic flora of Russia. It is preserved in the “arms” of the Delta of the Don River. As a result of isolations in the Cenozoic, which led to the severance links with the eastern and western water basins, the range was significantly reduced and the rate of evolution was reduced. In the modern geological period, T. angustata is undergoing natural elimination.
Problems of Military-Economic Cooperation Between the Central African Republic and the Russian Federation and Ways to Solve Them
Authors: Khromov Anatoliy O.
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the development of bilateral relations between the Central African Republic and the Russian Federation in the political, economic and military spheres. In modern conditions, the leadership of the Central African Republic considers the development of military and economic cooperation with the Russian Federation to be one of the main sources of resolving the internal conflict on the territory of the republic, as well as a necessary condition for ensuring the military security of the state, which, in a difficult time for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country, extended a helping hand to the Central African people. At the same time, the colonial past of the Central African Republic in the form of France, which does not want to lose control over its resources, as well as the unprecedented political, economic and informational pressure of the collective West on the Russian Federation create significant problems in achieving the success of bilateral cooperation, which will require a lot of effort to solve. The author of the article suggests ways to solve existing problems.
Provision of Clean Water as a Factor of Epidemiological Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Agafoshin Maksim M. , Gorokhov Stanislav A. , Dmitriev Ruslan V.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the problem of access of the population of Sub-Saharan Africa to clean water and its impact on keeping high mortality rates in the region from communicable diseases. It is revealed that despite the increase in indicators of access to clean water, the situation for the countries of the region remains extremely difficult, due to the fact that more than 20% of the population still uses only unsafe water sources. The critical situation persists in Madagascar, DR Congo, CAR, Chad, and Angola, where more than a third of the population does not have access to clean water. The limitation of access to clean water sources hinders the passage of the epidemiological transition by the population: in most countries of the region, the proportion of deaths from communicable diseases still exceeds the proportion of deaths from chronic non-communicable diseases and injuries, which indicates the incompleteness of the second stage of the transition. The proportion of deaths from communicable diseases associated with the use of unsafe water sources is almost 3 times higher than the global average.
Ethiopia in BRICS: Motivation, Opportunities and Strategic Advantages
Authors: Grishenkin Maxim S. , Zamesina Sofya N.
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes Ethiopia’s entry into the BRICS alliance, a new wave of expansion that took place in August 2023 following the alliance’s summit in Johannesburg, South Africa. The choice of Ethiopia as a new member of the BRICS format is influenced by the country’s strategic location in the Horn of Africa, which gives it importance in the context of global trade routes through the Red Sea, the special role the country plays in the continent’s diplomatic engagement, and its significant demographic and economic potential. The authors examine the Ethiopian government’s motivation for joining BRICS, including the pursuit of national interests, namely access to seaports, development of the hydropower sector, and diversification of partnerships for the benefit of economic development against the backdrop of deteriorating relations with Western countries. It can be seen that a number of the country’s national interests as well as foreign trade objectives can be secured through membership in the association. Joining BRICS resonates with Addis Ababa’s desire to forge mutually respectful relations with developing countries and reflects the country’s geopolitical prestige on the continent. Ethiopia’s economic reasons for joining include rapid economic growth, established trade and investment relations with member countries, the need for external financial assistance, and integration into the continent’s trade.
The Evolution of US-Qatar Political-Military Co-operation: From a Security Agreement to a Strategic Partnership
Authors: Doroshenko Gleb A.
Published: October 2024

In recent years, Russia has paid special attention to co-operation with the Arab monarchies of the Gulf. Despite pressure from the United States and Western countries, the states of the region have not joined the diplomatic pressure and sanctions regimes. However, not all countries from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are equally open to deepening co-operation with Russia. For example, Qatar has a more restrained stance on cooperation with Moscow. This is due to special relationship between Doha and Washington. Moments that have contributed to the formation of an essentially allied relationship between the two states are highlighted. Regional situations in which Washington and Doha have acted as close and trusting partners are examined. The study also examines the implications of the evolving of US-Qatar relations for the Middle East..
The Warsaw Governorship General as a Transit Destination for Emigration from the Russian Empire in the Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Komarov Vladimir S.
Published: October 2024

The Warsaw Governorship General played a significant role in the illegal emigration from the Russian Empire, which became a significant state problem at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. Based on pre-revolutionary legislation and a wide range clerical work documents from the archives of Russia and Poland, the peculiarities of crossing the state border within the Warsaw Governorship General up to the outbreak of the First World War are considered. The proximity to German ports on the Baltic Sea, the existence of extensive networks of emigration offices, the difficulty of legal emigration, the absence of natural barriers and the unsatisfactory state of border protection led most emigrants to choose an illegal crossing of the border. The authorities of the Russian Empire have developed an extensive system of norms regulating the border regime in the Warsaw Governorship General. The rules established to simplify cross-border contacts served to those who, pretended to be residents of the border strip, illegally crossed abroad. The connivance of officials contributed to this. The local population was also involved in the organization of illegal emigration and helped to supply emigrants with legal documents for the right to leave the empire.
Eurointegration in Czech Left-Wing Parliamentary Parties’ Programs in the 1990s – 2010s
Authors: Ankhimyuk Mstislav Yu.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of a comparative historical analysis of the foreign policy sections of the programs of the Czech Social Democratic Party and the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia using documents from their current archives. Particular attention in the approaches of the two parties is paid to the issues of the integration of the Czech Republic into the structures of NATO and the European Union. Based on the study of the available scientific literature, a conclusion is made about the need to consider this problem through the prism of two main lines in the context of European integration: security policy and economic rapprochement with the EU. Fundamental differences in the interpretations of Czech Social Democrats and Communists about the prospects for their country's entry into European and Euro-Atlantic associations have been revealed. If the Social Democrats defended the need to “enter Europe” and even into its “core”, seeing this as a significant benefit for the country’s economy due to the free movement of labor, protection from currency crises and a reduction in transaction costs, the Communists called for maintaining the focus on a multi-vector foreign policy of the state – cooperation with all countries of interest to the Czech Republic. At the same time, both parties, although with varying degrees of intensity, resorted to criticism of European institutions. The results of the study help to identify the reason why the major Czech left-wing parties lost the elections to the lower house of the Czech Parliament in 2021.
A.N. Ostrovsky’s Dramaturgy in Slovakia
Authors: Peskova Anna Yu.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the history of the acquaintance of Slovak literary culture and theater with the dramatic heritage of the great Russian playwright A.N. Ostrovsky. It tells in detail about the first translations of his plays into Slovak and the first experiences of productions on the professional stage (all of them are associated with the name of director J. Borodach), about the difficulties of translating some of the titles of the plays, and also traces the evolution of the perception of Ostrovsky’s work in Slovakia over the past century. The periods of greatest popularity of his plays are highlighted (1950s, 1970–80s), and an overview of the most significant Slovak theatrical productions based on his works is given. Special attention is paid to several outstanding productions of the drama «The Forest», which appeared on the Slovak theater stages in different historical periods and largely influenced the perception of this Russian author by the Slovak audience: performances of the theater «Divadlo na Korze» (1971, directed by V. Strnisko), Theater SNP in Martin (1982, directed by L. Vaydichka), theater «Astorka Korzo ’90» (1997, directed by R. Polak), Slovak Chamber Theater in Martin (2014, directed by L. Brutovsky, M. Daho), Theater J. Palarika in Trnava (2020, directed by V. Strnisko).
обидѫ сътворити или обидҍти? On the Position of Verbal Periphrases with the Semantics of ‘Causing Damage’ in the Old Church Slavonic Lexical Inventory
Authors: Efimova Valeria S.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of Old Сhurch Slavonic verbal periphrases. The concept of «verbal periphrasis» goes back to the conception of Charles Bally, who first drew attention to verbal periphrases, distinguishing them among phraseological phrases (restricted collocations) in French. One-word Greek verbs in the originals of Old Сhurch Slavonic texts can be rendered as one-word Old Сhurch Slavonic verbs and verbal periphrases. The article analyzes the use of one-word verbs and verbal periphrases in Old Сhurch Slavonic within the framework of a small thesaurus Greek-Old Church Slavonic group with the semantics of ‘causing damage’. Greek one-word verbs of the active voice with the semantics of ‘causing damage’ can be rendered by verbal periphrases with the verbs творити, сътворити, дэяти. Periphrases with the verbs приѩти, приимати serve to render the forms of the verbal paradigm of the same Greek one-word verbs but forms of the media-passive voice. The role of informatively compensating dependent words is played by “old” Slavic lexemes обида, врэдъ, пакость, напасть, огавиѥ, inherited, most likely, from Proto-Slavic. The presented material indicates that verbal periphrases with the semantics of ‘causing damage’ were not the result of phraseological calquing of Greek or Latin counterparts but were formed on a proper Slavic basis.