bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tourism Research on Sustainability: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Niñerola Angels , Sánchez-Rebull Maria-Victòria , Hernández-Lara Ana-Beatriz
Published: March 2019

Tourism represents one of the main industries in terms of job creation and economic development while sustainability in tourism represents a worldwide challenge. The objective of the present study is to use a bibliometric approach to review the relevant literature. Bibliometric indicators, such as citations, are used to identify the field structure and the VOSviewer software is used to map the main trends in this area. Over the period 1987–2018, a total of 4647 papers were found in Scopus regarding sustainability issues in tourism. Analysis of the leading journals, authors, institutions, and keywords indicates that: (1) the literature on sustainability issues in the field of tourism is significantly growing; (2) a mere six papers accounted more than 300 citations, but there are several prolific authors; (3) of the 614 sources included in the review, the most important have published 46.7% of the papers; (4) in terms of documents and citations, the United States is the leading country in this topic; (5) according to keyword trend network analysis, sustainability is becoming a strategic approach for companies and tourist destinations. Finally, this subfield within the tourism literature has considerable potential and is expected to continue growing.
Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals: A Review of Strategic Tools and Frameworks Available to Organisations
Authors: Grainger-Brown Jarrod , Malekpour Shirin
Published: March 2019

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a bold aspiration for a sustainable, prosperous and equitable future. There is universal agreement that the goals cannot be achieved by 2030 on a business-as-usual trajectory, and that we need new agents of change, such as business, government and civil society. An array of tools and frameworks have recently been developed to support organisations in engaging with the SDGs. However, it is not understood if these tools/frameworks can enable transformative actions. This study used a scoping methodology to review the tools available to organisations for SDG action. These tools were then analysed against a generic model of the ‘strategic management’ process, in order to determine their usefulness in impacting organisational strategy. It was found that most of the tools are only applicable to ‘mapping’ and ‘reporting’ activities, which occur after strategies have been developed and even implemented. A small number of tools were found to align with the early stages of strategic management, that is, ‘problem definition’ and ‘goal setting’. No tools were identified which substantially engaged with actual strategy development, the stage which can shape transformative change. This gap indicates how future research could address organisational strategy, to foster as-of-yet unexplored SDG action.
Exploring the Role of Service Delivery in Remarkable Tourism Experiences
Authors: Escobar Rivera Dalilis , Casadesús Fa Marti , Alexandre Costa Araújo Sampaio Paulo , Simon Villar Alexandra
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the article is to analyze through a service-experience framework the consequences and contingency factors of Service Delivery (SD) in Remarkable Tourism Experiences (RTE) and explore to what extent these factors interact to evoke delight behaviors in customers. The proposal was validated with empirical data from 284 tourists collected through survey method on remarkable experiences in hotels and restaurants. Both an exploratory and a confirmatory analysis were developed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The result highlights to what extent SD components identified (service staff, service availability, and customer service interaction) affect RTE and aid to evoke CD in tourists with high-quality memories. The service-experience model goes beyond the frontline employees with a service-oriented perspective to better understand the emerging factors that provide happiness in customers. The organizational staff is the most important component influencing a customer’s happiness and love feelings. The empirical findings support a model and measurement scale that allows analysis of the impact of SD component statements about customer delight (CD). The study shows the antecedents and interactions among SD emergent factors in RTE, specifically regarding CD behavior. The model proposed in this study links SD components and basic emotions and has important practical implications.
Future Options for Sewage and Drainage Systems Three Scenarios for Transitions and Continuity
Authors: Mulder Karel
Published: March 2019

The challenge of sustainable development requires cities to aim for drastic improvements in the systems that support its vital functions. Innovating these systems can be extremely hard, and might take lots of time. A transparent and democratic strategy is important to guarantee support for change. Such a process should aim at developing consensus regarding a basic vision to guide the process of systems change. This paper sketches future options for the development of sanitation- and urban drainage systems in industrialized economies. It will provide an analysis of relevant trends for sewage system innovation. In history, sewage systems have emerged from urban sewage and precipitation removal systems, to urban sewage and precipitation removal and cleaning systems. The challenge for the future is recovering energy and resources from sewage systems while maintaining/improving its sanitary service and lowering its emissions.
Identification of Urban Functional Areas Based on POI Data: A Case Study of the Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone
Authors: Hu Yunfeng , Han Yueqi
Published: March 2019

Functional areas are the basic spatial units in which cities or development zones implement urban plans and provide functions. Internet map big data technology provides a new method for the identification and spatial analysis of functional areas. Based on the POI (point of interest) data from AMap (a map application of AutoNavi) from 2017, this paper proposes an urban functional areas recognition and analysis method based on the frequency density and the ratio of POI function types. It takes the Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone as a case study to analyze the main function and spatial distribution characteristics of the detailed functional areas. The research shows the following: (1) The POI frequency density index and the function type ratio can effectively distinguish the functions of the grid units and analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of a complex functional area. (2) The single functional area is the most common area type in the Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. The largest proportion of all areas is allocated to traditional manufacturing industry functional areas, followed by high-tech enterprises, catering and entertainment, real estate, and education and health care, in descending order. The smallest proportion is allocated to finance and insurance functional areas. (3) The current layout of the functional areas in the Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone conforms to the overall requirements and planning objectives of the central and local government. The layout and agglomeration of different blocks within the economic development zone are consistent with local industry’s target orientation and development history.
Assessment of Wind Power Potential and Economic Analysis at Hyderabad in Pakistan: Powering to Local Communities Using Wind Power
Authors: Gul Mehr , Tai Nengling , Huang Wentao , Nadeem Muhammad Haroon , Yu Moduo
Published: March 2019

Wind power is the fastest growing and environmentally sustainable source of energy among all available renewable energy resources. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze the wind characteristics and power potential at Hyderabad, Southeastern province in Pakistan. Two years of wind speed data measured at 10 m above ground level (AGL) have been considered in this study. The annually, monthly, and seasonal variations in wind speed were analyzed, and minimum, maximum, and average values of recorded wind speeds are presented in this paper. Weibull and Rayleigh distribution functions have been applied to analyze the wind characteristics and evaluate the wind power potential of the proposed site. The Weibull shape k and scale c parameters have been estimated using the Weibull function. The higher values of k showed that the wind speed is steady at the site. The average wind speed was found above 6 m/s throughout the year. The most probable wind speed (Vmp) and maximum carrying energy (VmaxE) wind speed were also calculated using Weibull parameters. Root mean square error (RMSE), the coefficient of determination (R2), and mean bias error (MBE) were computed to ensure the good fit of Weibull distribution function. The annual average wind power and energy densities were estimated at more than 255 W/m2 and 2245 kWh/m2, respectively. The power density calculated by Weibull and Rayleigh functions was compared with that calculated by using measured wind data. The energy output and capacity factor of different commercially available wind turbines (WTs), i.e., power ratings from 0.33 to 2.75 MW, have been calculated. The cost of energy was estimated and ranged from $19.27 to $32.80 per MWh. Wind power potential and economic analysis of the collected data reveals that the site is suitable for developing wind power generation projects to power the local communities.
Quantifying Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Rice Yield Gaps in Double-Cropping Systems: A Case Study in Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Guo Yahui , Wu Wenxiang , Bryant Christopher Robin
Published: March 2019

Quantifying the contributing and limiting factors of yield potential is of vital importance, and the closure of existing yield gaps on currently available agricultural land is regarded as the most effective measure to meet future food demands. In this study, the CERES-Rice model and long-term rice yield records of 12 sites from 1981 to 2010 were combined together to investigate the spatial and temporal distributions of yield potential, yield attainable, yield actual, and yield gaps for double cropping rice in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. The evaluated yield potential of all the sites ranged from 7500 to 14,900 kg/ha, while yield attainable was from 6400 to 12,665 kg/ha, and yield actual was from 4000 to 7000 kg/ha. The yield gaps between yield potential and yield actual, yield potential and yield attainable, and yield attainable and yield actual were projected to be 3500 kg/ha, 1400 kg/ha, and 2100 kg/ha, respectively. The decrease of yield potential was due to the increasing temperature for early mature rice and the prolonged sunshine hours for the yield potential of late mature rice, respectively. The social–economic impacts of yield actual were also assessed, and adaptive measures were simulated so that the yield would certainly increase.
Sustainability of Urban Soil Management: Analysis of Soil Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Community Structure under Different Green Space Types
Authors: Zhang Junda , Li Suyan , Sun Xiangyang , Tong Jing , Fu Zhen , Li Jing
Published: March 2019

Soil bacterial communities play a key role in nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning. This study aims to reveal how green space type impacts soil quality and the bacterial community, which finally contributes to suggesting strategies for managing sustainable environments in urban areas. For this purpose, urban green space soils in this study are divided into four different types; park green space (PARK), street green space (STREET), attached green space (ATTACH) and residential green space (RESID). Results showed that significant differences were observed for soil physicochemical properties. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soil moisture content and available nitrogen in the ATTACH and PARK soils were significantly higher than in the STREET and RESID soils. Across the four green space types, the structure of bacterial communities was dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi at the phylum level. The diversity and richness of bacteria were significantly higher in the PARK and ATTACH soils than in the RESID and STREET soils. Results of principal component analysis (PCoA) showed that soil bacterial communities could be clustered into four different groups according to different green space types. In addition, analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) also implied that soil samples differed significantly from others. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Spearman correlation analysis both showed that the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soil moisture and pH had great influence on the structures of bacterial communities. In summary, these results suggest that soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities can be strongly affected by green space types, and thus, objective assessment of a particular measure can be provided to land managers and policy makers for informed decision-making in urban development and sustainability.
Community Cultural Resources as Sustainable Development Enablers: A Case Study on Bukjeong Village in Korea compared with Naoshima Island in Japan
Authors: Chung Hokyung , Lee Jongoh
Published: March 2019

With the process of urbanization and post-industrialization, the diversity of regions and their unique cultures have become cultural properties for the competitiveness of cities. The concept of cultural heritage and resources has expanded in recent years. In the past, they were confined to architectural and artistic artifacts, but now, cultural heritage and resources have evolved to include environmental elements, industrial and vernacular construction, urban and rural settlements, and intangible elements related to community activities and ways of life. The community is the carrier of cultural resources and heritage. Cultural heritage sites contribute to the creation of a community’s identity. This multi-layered discussion of community engagements in cultural heritages and resources provides a unique approach to understanding cultural properties as sustainability enablers. This paper intends to go beyond the theoretical assumptions of the role of community cultural resources by studying the target research group, Bukjeong village in Seoul, Korea. The paper focuses on the possibilities of community engagement for sustainable development for urban regeneration. It proposes that cultural sustainability in its broader definition should be derived from the community realities of a particular place or cultural context. This approach must be grounded in the principles of regional networks, urban governance, and community-based activities.
Cyclists’ Multiple Environmental Urban Exposures—Comparing Subjective and Objective Measurements
Authors: Ueberham Maximilian , Schlink Uwe , Dijst Martin , Weiland Ulrike
Published: March 2019

Citizens in urban areas are exposed to multiple environmental stressors like noise, heat, and air pollution, with impact on human health. There is a great deal of evidence that connects human health, objective environmental exposure, and place of residence. However, little is known about subjective and objective multiple personal exposures while being mobile. To address this research gap, this paper presents results from a mixed-methods exploratory study with cyclists in the City of Leipzig, Germany. In the summer of 2017, cyclists (n = 66) wore a unique combination of sensors that measured particle number counts (PNC), noise, humidity, temperature, geolocation, and the subjective perception of each exposure on everyday routes for one week (n = 730). A smartphone application was developed to question participants about their perception of subjective exposure. The data were analyzed with three aims: (i) to compare the multiple exposure profiles of the cyclists, (ii) to contrast the objective data and subjective individual perception, and (iii) to examine the role of route decision-making and awareness of health impacts for healthier route choices. The results indicate distinct differences between the exposure profiles of cyclists. Over 80% of the cyclists underestimated their exposure to noise and air pollution. Except for heat, no significant associations between the objective and subjective data were found. This reveals an exposure awareness gap that needs to be considered in urban health planning and risk communication. It is argued that knowledge about health impacts and route characteristics plays a crucial role in decision-making about route choices. The paper concludes with suggestions to harness smart sensing for exposure mitigation and research in health geography.
Dimensional Analysis under Pythagorean Fuzzy Approach for Supplier Selection
Authors: Villa Silva Aldo Joel , Pérez Dominguez Luis Asunción , Martínez Gómez Erwin , Alvarado-Iniesta Alejandro , Pérez Olguín Iván Juan Carlos
Published: March 2019

The supplier appraisal process is one of the most important decision problems for companies focused on improving supply chain costs. Supplier selection is typically a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) issue, as there is a lot of uncertain information. In order to overcome this issue, The Pythagorean Fuzzy Set is applied to handle the uncertainties involved in comparing the alternatives, criteria and opinions of decision makers. At the same time, a potential of Dimensional Analysis is a technique which deploys an association of the criteria capturing the interrelationship normally present in MCDM. In this sense, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the suppliers in a supply chain cycle using Pythagorean Fuzzy Set and Dimensional Analysis. Finally, the applicability of the proposed method is illustrated through numerical examples, and a validation via Spearman correlation and Cronbach’s alpha.
Telbivudine Reduces Parvovirus B19-Induced Apoptosis in Circulating Angiogenic Cells
Authors: Zobel Thomas , Bock C.-Thomas , Kühl Uwe , Rohde Maria , Lassner Dirk , Schultheiss Heinz-Peter , Schmidt-Lucke Caroline
Published: March 2019

Aims: Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection directly induces apoptosis and modulates CXCR4 expression of infected marrow-derived circulating angiogenic cells (CACs). This leads to dysfunctional endogenous vascular repair. Treatment for B19V-associated disease is restricted to symptomatic treatment. Telbivudine, a thymidine analogue, established in antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B, modulates pathways that might influence induction of apoptosis. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis of whether telbivudine influences B19V-induced apoptosis of CAC. Methods and Results: Pretreatment of two CAC-lines, early outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (eo-EPC) and endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) with telbivudine before in vitro infection with B19V significantly reduced active caspase-3 protein expression (−39% and −40%, both p < 0.005). Expression of Baculoviral Inhibitor of apoptosis Repeat-Containing protein 3 (BIRC3) was significantly downregulated by in vitro B19V infection in ECFC measured by qRT-PCR. BIRC3 downregulation was abrogated with telbivudine pretreatment (p < 0.001). This was confirmed by single gene PCR (p = 0.017) and Western blot analysis. In contrast, the missing effect of B19V on angiogenic gene expression postulates a post-transcriptional modulation of CXCR4. Conclusions: We for the first time show a treatment approach to reduce B19V-induced apoptosis. Telbivudine reverses B19V-induced dysregulation of BIRC3, thus, intervening in the apoptosis pathway and protecting susceptible cells from cell death. This approach could lead to an effective B19V treatment to reduce B19V-related disease.
Intracoronary Gene Delivery of the Cytoprotective Factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-B167 in Canine Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Short-Term Feasibility Study
Authors: Paradies Paola , Carlucci Lucia , Woitek Felix , Staffieri Francesco , Lacitignola Luca , Ceci Luigi , Romano Daniela , Sasanelli Mariateresa , Zentilin Lorena , Giacca Mauro , Salvadori Stefano , Crovace Antonio , Recchia Fabio A.
Published: March 2019

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a myocardial disease of dogs and humans characterized by progressive ventricular dilation and depressed contractility and it is a frequent cause of heart failure. Conventional pharmacological therapy cannot reverse the progression of the disease and, in humans, cardiac transplantation remains the only option during the final stages of heart failure. Cytoprotective gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor-B167 (VEGF-B167) has proved an effective alternative therapy, halting the progression of the disease in experimental studies on dogs. The aim of this work was to test the tolerability and feasibility of intracoronary administration, under fluoroscopic guidance, of VEGF-B167 carried by adeno-associated viral vectors in canine DCM patients. Ten patients underwent the gene delivery procedure. The intraoperative phase was well tolerated by all dogs. Clinical and echocardiographic assessments at 7- and 30-days post-procedure showed stable conditions compared to the pre-procedure phase. The results of this work indicate that intracoronary VEGF-B167 gene delivery is feasible and tolerated in dogs with DCM. Further monitoring/investigations are ongoing to evaluate the effects of this therapy on disease progression.
Endoparasites of Domesticated Animals That Originated in the Neo-Tropics (New World Tropics)
Authors: Jones Kegan Romelle , Garcia Gary Wayne
Published: March 2019

This review serves to summarize parasites found in Domesticated animals which were found in the Neo-Tropics. Indigenous domesticated Neo-tropical animals include South American camelids, (Lama gunacoa, Lama glama, Lama pacos, Vicuna vicuna), guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera), turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) and ducks (Cairina moschata, Anas platyrhynchos, Dendrocyga autumnalis). These animals were chosen due to their origin of existence (Neo-tropics) and over time these animals became domesticated and were distributed throughout the world. Over eighty (80) references were collected for this review and the papers spanned over eighty (80) years from 1934 to 2018. The gastrointestinal parasites reported for each animal were tabulated and their effects in the animal noted. Parasites reported in domesticated Neo-tropical animals had little to no effect on wild and free ranging animals with a few cases of illness and decreased productivity. The majority of articles viewed these animals as reservoir host which can infect humans and other domesticated livestock. It must also be noted that research done in the past did not focus on the effect these parasites had on these animals but only observed their potential as reservoirs for parasitic diseases.
A LOOK AT DATA SITUATION IN PROBABILISTIC RISK ANALYSIS AS APPLIED TO STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS/DUOMENŲ SITUACIJA TIKIMYBINĖJE RIZIKOS ANALIZĖJE, TAIKANT JĄ KONSTRUKCINĖMS SISTEMOMS
Authors: Vaidogas Egidijus R.
Published: March 2019

Straipsnyje aptariamas duomenų poreikis ir sukaupti duomenys, kurių reikia, norint integruoti tikimybinę rizikos analizę su tikimybiniu konstrukcinių sistemų (pastatų, statinių, tiesinių) skaišiavimu. Pagrindinis dėmesys skirtas duomenims apie avarijas įvairiuose pramoniniuose objektuose ir statybinių konstrukcijų avarijas.

Pramoninių objektų konstrukcinės sistemos gali būti pažeistos dėl pavojingų gamtinių reiškinių ar žmogaus veiklos padarinių. Nuostoliai, sukelti šių veiksnių, gali būti vertinami kaip eksploatacinės išlaidos arba juos atlygina draudikas. Draudimo problema yra lengvai išsprendžiama, jeigu draudikai turi pakankamai duomenų apie anksčiau patirtų nuostolių dydį ir dažnį. Tačiau sunkios avarijos pramoniniuose pastatuose įvyksta retai ir duomenų apie patirtus nuostolius būna sukaupta mažai. Tokiu atveju riziką, t. y. nuostolius ir jų patyrimo dažnį galima prognozuoti tikimybinės rizikos analizės metodais.

Matematiniams tikimybinės rizikos analizės metodams taikyti reikia turėti statistinių duomenų. Šie duomenys turi atspindėti pramoniniuose objektuose įrengtų techninių sistemų patikimumą ir parengtą. Kita svarbi duomenų rūšis yra informacija apie avarijas, įvykusias įvairiuose pramoniniuose objektuose. Šie duomenys yra būtini, įtraukiant į tikimybinę rizikos analizę galimus konstrukcinių sistemų atsakus. Avarijų ar stichinių nelaimių metu konstrukcinės sistemos būna veikiamos tokių apkrovų, kurios nenumatomos projektuojant šias sistemas.

Avarijų duomenys kaupiami įvairiai. Didžiausi duomenų rinkiniai yra duomenų bankai. Straipsnyje trumpai apibūdinti žinomiausi duomenų bankai, sukurti Vakarų Europos šalyse ir dažnai aprėpiantys visame pasaulyje įvykstančias avarijas. Pavieniai bankai detaliai nenagrinėjami. Straipsnyje analizuotos sukauptų duomenų prieinamumo bei tinkamumo vertinant konstrukcinių sistemų patikimumą problemos.

Kitas svarbus duomenų šaltinis yra informacija apie konstrukcijų avarijas. Straipsnyje trumpai aptariami specialiojoje literatūroje paskelbti duomenys apie statybinių konstrukcijų avarijas ir šie duomenys vertinami tikimybinės rizikos analizės aspektu. Nustatyta, kad bendro pobūdžio statybinių konstrukcijų avarijų apžvalgos yra mažai naudingos tikimybinei rizikos analizei. Tose apžvalgose daugiausia nagrinėjamos avarijų priežastys, o ne pasekmės, avarijų aplinkybės detaliai neaprašomos. Rizikos analizei naudingesnės yra specialiųjų konstrukcinių sistemų, pavyzdžiui, didelių užtvankų, avarijų apžvalgos. Jose pateikiama informacija yra daug detalesnė ir aprėpia ne tik konstrukcinio pobūdžio įvykius, bet ir, pavyzdžiui, nuostolius, patiriamus įvykus avarijoms.
EVALUATION OF SHEAR STRESSES IN THE WEBS OF SEGMENTAL BOX-GIRDER CONCRETE BRIDGES/TANGENTINIŲ ĮTEMPIŲ ĮTEMPTOJO GELŽBETONIO TILTŲ SIJŲ SIENELĖSE ĮVERTINIMAS
Authors: Notkus Algirdas J. , Kamaitis Zenonas
Published: March 2019

Daugelyje Lietuvoje ir užsienyje gembiniu-pusiau-svyriniu būdu pastatytų dėžinio skerspjūvio įtemptojo gelžbetonio tiltų pastebėtas sijų sienelių pleišėjimas įstrižuose pjūviuose. Šis pleišėjimas negali būti paaiškintas taikant įprastus tangentinių ir svarbiausiųjų tempimo įtempių skaičiavimo metodus, nes šių įtempių reikšmės neviršija projektavimo normomis [3] ribojamų dydžių. Buvo atlikta vieno iš neseniai pastatytų tiltų, kuriame atsirado įstriži plyšiai dar prieš eksploataciją. (1 c pav.), detali sijų įtemptojo būvio kompiuterinė analizė [2], kurios metu buvo modeliuota reali sijų geometrija, nuolatinės ir laikinosios apkrovos, viršutinių ir apatinių lynų įtempimo jėgos, temperatūros poveikiai ir jų deriniai (1 lent.). Gauta, kad koordinatiniai tangentiniai įtempiai τ zy(3 pav., 1 lentelė) ir ypač svarbiausieji τ max = (σ1—σ2)/2, pleišėjimo zonose žymiai viršija leistiną reikšmę 3,5 MPa ir reikšmes, apskaičiuotas pagal Žuravskio formulę (τ =Q · S/b · J). Svarbiausieji tempimo įtempiai σ1 taip pat, nors ir mažiau, viršija leistinas reikšmes. Buvo parodyta, kad horizontalių lynų įtempimo jėgų sukeltas MP = const nesukelia skersinės jėgos Q=dM/dx=0 (4 pav.). Tangentinių įtempių τ Pxy diagrama per sienelės aukštį yra dviženklė, o įtempių atstojamųyų suma lygi nuliui (3, 6 pav.). Taigi šie tangentiniai išankstinio apspaudimo įtempiai negali būti apskaičiuoti per skersinę jėgą. Q Šiuos įtempius siūloma skaičiuoti pagal kompiuterinius modelius, o paprastesniais atvejais pasinaudoti 5 pav. ir išraiškose (4–6) gauta formule (7), skirta tangentiniams įtempiams nuo lynų įtempimų jėgų apskaičiuoti. Formulės tinkamumas buvo patikrintas sulyginant analitines reikšmes su kompiuterinių skaičiavimų rezultatais (6 pav.). Pateikiamas tangentinių įtempių skaičiavimo pavyzdys.
OPTIMIZATION OF GEOMETRIC FORMS FOR URBAN TRANSPORT STOPS/VISUOMENINIO TRANSPORTO STOTELIŲ RACIONALIŲ GEOMETRINIŲ FORMIŲ NUSTATYMAS
Authors: Rimkus Aleksas
Published: March 2019

In order to improve the functioning of urban transport it is necessary to increase the efficiency of intermediate stops and organization of municipal transport service. There are two ways of solving problems of developing urban transport: 1) to install special lanes in the streets for urban transport only and 2) to improve the geometric forms of the existing stops arranging stop “pockets”. The first way requires a lot of investments. The second is more preferable. It allows a safe and efficient use of vehicles, an increase in stop usage intensity. Therefore it may be considered the most important means for developing passenger transport.

The experimental investigations have shown that stop pockets should be of 4 m width. Such pockets diminish considerably the number of conflict situations and troubles with transport vehicles driving along the first and second lanes and ensure for passengers the possibilities of getting comfortably and safely on a vehicle.

An abrupt braking of a bus or trolley-bus before a stop or in its area affects in an unpleasant way the passengers, causes dangerous situations, transport vehicles are sometimes damaged and shear stresses result in street covering deformations. It was established that deceleration and acceleration lengths depend on a vehicle speed influenced by deceleration and acceleration value a = 1,2 m/s2. The length of deceleration and acceleration is from 30 to 116 m.

It has been found by an analysis for tracks of public transport vehicles entering and leaving the stop pockets that they do not enter a stop pocket by a radius arc but by a varying curve. The shape of such a curve depends on drivers' professional skills, vehicle technical parameters and speed. In accordance with experiments and calculations, data and formulas were obtained for detailed coordinates of stop pockets. Geometric forms and parameters of stop pockets were established. Regarding the geometric shape of stop pockets, the entering speed of vehicles and their plans as initial parameters, the dimensional values of stop pocket elements were differentiated according to categories of streets and their disposition in relation to crossings (Table 4.2).

The calculations have shown that investments into stop pocket development are profitable in many aspects: the entire area of a stop pocket is used, the traffic safety and duration of street coverings are increased, no traffic jams occur before the stop, the passenger servicing and municipal transport maintenance are improved. The expenses for installing a stop pocket in repaid in 0,49 of a year.
THE EFFECT OF SODIUM SILICATE AND ITS SOLUTION ON THE PROPERTIES OF REFRACTORY COMPLEX BINDER/NATRIO SILIKATO KIEKIO IR JO TIRPALO TANKIO ĮTAKA KOMPLEKSINIO KAITRAI ATSPARAUS RIŠIKLIO SAVYBĖMS
Authors: Antonovič Valentin , Goberis Stasys , Mačiulaitis Romualdas
Published: March 2019

In order to improve thermal and mechanical characteristics of a traditional binder with liquid glass a complex binder consisting of liquid glass, its hardener and alumina cement (“Gorkal 70” containing not less than 70 per cent of AI2O3) was tested. Sodium silicate and its solution effect on physical and mechanical properties of a new refractory complex binder (Table 1, Fig 2) were investigated. The results obtained show that compressive strength of binding compound with high quantity of sodium silicate (N3) is the lowest after it had been cured, dried and fired at 300–600°C (Fig 3). It was also found that the strength of a complex binder with small quantity of sodium silicate (N1) in the temperature range of 20–600°C is 2–3 times as high as that of a traditional binder with dispersed fire-clay. The study in the formation of the structure of a complex binders dilatometric tests have also been made. After initial heating at 80–500°C the compositions contracted (Fig 4) due to dehidratation. At the temperature range of 580–750°C the contraction of compositions continue due to reactions at the solid phase. The hypothesis of the hardening mechanism in the complex binder was proposed. Liquid glass tends to restrain the hydration of the alumina cement though hardeners and sodium silicate interaction result in the intense formation of sodium calcium hydrosilicates. Therefore, a complex binder contains less sodium silicate than a traditional one while being used at higher temperature.
THE FEATURES OF CINEMA HALL ACOUSTICS UPON INSTALLATION OF THE DOLBY SOUND RECORDING SYSTEM/KINO TEATRO AKUSTIKOS YPATUMAI, ĮRENGUS “DOLBY” ĮGARSINIMO SISTEMĄ
Authors: Stauskis Vytautas
Published: March 2019

Investigations conducted in a cinema hall have shown that the character of the sound field decay in all rows of the main floor is uniform. The character of the sound field decay in the balcony is similar to that on the main floor. The maximal decay energy in the balcony is lower by about 2 dB compared to that on the main floor.

After the reconstruction of the hall, the energy decay of a similar character was found both on the main floor and in the balcony. The decay of energy is much faster because the sound absorption of the entire hall has increased. The maximal energy values, however, are higher in the balcony and under it compared to the main floor. After the reconstruction the overall hall absorption has increased by about 200–300 m2 both on the main floor and in the balcony. Consequently, the reconstruction should have resulted in the decrease of the maximal energy in both areas. Actually, the maximal energy value is higher in the balcony.

At the frequency 63 Hz, the maximal energy value in the balcony after the reconstruction, ie after the increase in the overall absorption, is by 10 dB higher than that before reconstruction when the absorption was smaller. One would expect a reverse. A similar effect is observed in the rows under the balcony. At 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz the energy increase is 4–5 dB and it starts after 50 ms. At 4000 Hz a maximal energy increase of 7–8 dB is reached after 100 ms.

Before the reconstruction the early reverberation time T10 markedly exceeded the permissible upper limit in all rows of the hall, and particularly at the end of the hall and in the balcony at the frequency from 63 to 500 Hz. As the sound field decay was approximated by larger level intervals, eg from 0 to −30 dB, still larger reverberation time values were obtained.

After the reconstruction the early reverberation time in all rows of the main hall and the balcony does not exceed the permissible upper limit. It is only in the frequency range of 250–1000 Hz that the reverberation time values are below the lower limit. In this case, the listener's subjective perception will be of a weaker sound, which is strongly preferable, since the sound is too strong in Lithuanian cinema halls where the Dolby sound-recording system has been installed.
LIMIT ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE CROSS-SECTIONS UNDER CYCLIC LOADINGS/CIKLINĖS APKROVOS VEIKIAMŲ GELŽBETONINIŲ ELEMENTŲ STIPRUMO NUSTATYMAS
Authors: Alyavdin Peter , Simbirkin Valery
Published: March 2019

Nagrinėjamas kartotinės mažaciklės apkrovos veikiamų gelžbetoninių konstrukcijių strypinių elementų skerspjūvių laikomosios galios nustatymo uždavinys. Skerspjūvių forma neapibrėžta, gali būti įvairi. Armatūra gali būti paprasta arba iš anksto įtempta. Pjūvio ǐrąžų vektoriuje įeina ašinė jėga ir lenkimo momentai. Atsižvelgiama ir į sukimo momentą ir skersines jėgas, tačiau ją įtaka laikoma antraeile. Išankstinis įtempimas ir temperatūros poveikiai laikomi kaip viena iš skerspjūvį veikiančių apkrovų.

Laikomasi prielaidos, kad betonas gniuždymo srityje ir armatūra visur deformuojasi kaip idealiai, tampriai plastiškos medžiagos; betonas tempimo srityje dirba kaip idealiai trapi medžiaga. Remiantis prisitaikymo teorija suformuluotas gelžbetoninių skerspjūvių ribinės analizės optimizacijos uždavinys. Aptarta galimybė apibendrinti šią. formuluotę neidealaus plastiškumo atveju esant medžiagos sustiprėjimui ar susilpnėjimui. Pateikti tiesioginis ir atvirkštinis sudaryto uždavinio sprendimo būdai. Pateikti pavyzdžiai rodo, kad apkrovos pakartotinis poveikis mažina gelžbetoninių elementų skerspjūvių laikomają galią ir armavimo optimalumo parametrą.
RELICS: Strong Lensing Analysis of MACS J0417.5–1154 and Predictions for Observing the Magnified High-redshift Universe with JWST
Authors: Mahler Guillaume , Sharon Keren , Fox Carter , Coe Dan , Jauzac Mathilde , Strait Victoria , Edge Alastair , Acebron Ana , Andrade-Santos Felipe , Avila Roberto J. , Bradač Maruša , Bradley Larry D. , Carrasco Daniela , Cerny Catherine , Cibirka Nathália , Czakon Nicole G. , Dawson William A. , Frye Brenda L. , Hoag Austin T. , Huang Kuang-Han , Johnson Traci L. , Jones Christine , Kikuchihara Shotaro , Lam Daniel , Livermore Rachael , Lovisari Lorenzo , Mainali Ramesh , Ogaz Sara , Ouchi Masami , Paterno-Mahler Rachel , Roederer Ian U. , Ryan Russell E. , Salmon Brett , Sendra-Server Irene , Stark Daniel P. , Toft Sune , Trenti Michele , Umetsu Keiichi , Vulcani Benedetta , Zitrin Adi
Published: March 2019

Strong gravitational lensing by clusters of galaxies probes the mass distribution at the core of each cluster and magnifies the universe behind it. MACS J0417.5−1154 at z = 0.443 is one of the most massive clusters known based on weak lensing, X-ray, and Sunyaev–Zel’dovich analyses. Here we compute a strong lens model of MACS J0417 based on Hubble Space Telescope imaging observations collected, in part, by the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS), and recently reported spectroscopic redshifts from the MUSE instrument on the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We measure an Einstein radius of

at z = 9 and a mass projected within 200 kpc of

M

. Using this model, we measure a ratio between the mass attributed to cluster-member galaxy halos and the main cluster halo of order 1:100. We assess the probability to detect magnified high-redshift galaxies in the field of this cluster, both for comparison with RELICS HST results and as a prediction for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Guaranteed Time Observations upcoming for this cluster. Our lensing analysis indicates that this cluster has similar lensing strength to other clusters in the RELICS program. Our lensing analysis predicts a detection of at least a few z ∼ 6–8 galaxies behind this cluster, at odds with a recent analysis that yielded no such candidates in this field. Reliable strong lensing models are crucial for accurately predicting the intrinsic properties of lensed galaxies. As part of the RELICS program, our strong lensing model produced with the Lenstool parametric method is publicly available through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.
On Fabry–Pérot Etalon-based Instruments. I. The Isotropic Case
Authors: Bailén F. J. , Orozco Suárez D. , del Toro Iniesta J. C.
Published: March 2019

Here we assess the spectral and imaging properties of Fabry–Pérot etalons when located in solar magnetographs. We discuss the chosen configuration (collimated or telecentric) for both ideal and real cases. For the real cases, we focus on the effects caused by the polychromatic illumination of the filter by the irregularities in the optical thickness of the etalon and by deviations from the ideal illumination in both setups. We first review the general properties of Fabry–Pérots and we then address the different sources of degradation of the spectral transmission profile. We review and extend the general treatment of defects followed by different authors. We discuss the differences between the point spread functions (PSFs) of the collimated and telecentric configurations for both monochromatic and (real) quasi-monochromatic illumination of the etalon. The PSF corresponding to collimated mounts is shown to have a better performance, although it varies from point to point due to an apodization of the image inherent to this configuration. This is in contrast to the (perfect) telecentric case, where the PSF remains constant but produces artificial velocities and magnetic field signals because of its strong spectral dependence. We find that the unavoidable presence of imperfections in the telecentrism produces a decrease of flux of photons and a shift, a broadening and a loss of symmetrization of both the spectral and PSF profiles over the field of view, thus compromising their advantages over the collimated configuration. We evaluate these effects for different apertures of the incident beam.
The occurrence of Brassica montana Pourr. (Brassicaceae) in the Italian regions of Emilia-Romagna and Marche, and in the Republic of San Marino
Authors: Maggioni Lorenzo , Alessandrini Alessandro
Published: March 2019

Brassicamontana Pourr., a wild relative of the Brassicaoleracea L. cole crops (broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, etc.), deserves special attention for its potential to easily transfer agronomically useful traits to related crops. Monitoring existing B.montana populations is the first step to enabling long-term conservation and management of wild genetic resources. The main distribution area of B.montana extends along the coasts of the northern Mediterranean Sea from north-east Spain to north-west Italy (coast of Liguria and Apuan Alps in Tuscany). Further east and south, the distribution of B.montana is fragmentary, with isolated populations, in some cases, only observed in the 19th or early 20th century and never re-confirmed later. In this paper, we focus on all the B.montana reports for the Italian regions of Emilia-Romagna and Marche, and additionally for the neighbouring Republic of San Marino. Literature records were verified through field visits where possible. According to our analysis, the presence of B.montana is confirmed in the Marche and the Republic of San Marino, but not in Emilia-Romagna. We recommend further studies on the distribution of B.montana in Italy, also applying molecular means, beyond morphology, to distinguish B.montana from naturalized B.oleracea and other related taxa.
Nothodissotis (Melastomataceae), a new genus from Atlantic Central Africa, including the new species N. alenensis from Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Veranso-Libalah Marie Claire , Lachenaud Olivier , Stone Robert Douglas , Kadereit Gudrun
Published: March 2019

Based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence, a new genus of Melastomataceae (Melastomateae), Nothodissotis Veranso-Libalah & G.Kadereit, gen. nov., is described from Atlantic Central Africa. Nothodissotis is distinguished from other African Melastomateae genera by its calyx-lobes that are notched at apex and asymmetrical (vs. entire and symmetrical). Nothodissotis includes two species: the type species N.barteri (Hook.f.) Veranso-Libalah & G.Kadereit, comb. nov. (syn. Dissotisbarteri Hook.f.), and the new species N.alenensis Veranso-Libalah & O. Lachenaud, sp. nov., described and illustrated here. Both species are restricted to open vegetation on rock outcrops within the forested region of Atlantic Central Africa. Nothodissotisbarteri has a scattered distribution in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Príncipe Island, while N.alenensis is endemic to the Monte Alén massif in Equatorial Guinea, an area where N.barteri does not occur. Nothodissotisalenensis differs from N.barteri by its hypanthium bearing sessile appendages with penicillate hairs (vs. stalked stellate appendages) and its staminal appendages that are much smaller in antepetalous than in antesepalous stamens (vs. subequal in all stamens). The conservation status of both N.barteri and N.alenensis is assessed as Vulnerable in accordance with IUCN criteria.
Hazards and disasters in the geological and geomorphological record: a key to understanding past and future hazards and disasters
Authors: Tilley Laura , Berning Björn , Erdei Boglárka , Fassoulas Charalampos , Kroh Andreas , Kvaček Jiří , Mergen Patricia , Michellier Caroline , Miller C , Rasser Michael , Schmitt Ralf , Kovar-Eder Johanna
Published: March 2019

Hazards and disasters have occurred throughout Earth's History and thus the geological record is an important resource for understanding future hazards and disasters. The Earth Science Group (ESG) of the Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities (CETAF) carried out a “Hazard and Disaster Event Survey” to identify Earth Science collections in European museums that represent hazards and disasters throughout the geological record, and recent times. The aim is to use the collections within the survey as an educational and research resource that promotes the importance of museum collections for understanding past and future hazard and disaster events. The survey pinpointed a wide variety of hazards (e.g. earthquakes, volcanism, floods, impact events, etc.), representing a vast time span in Earth’s history (Proterozoic to Holocene), that are documented in the collections of the participating museums. Each hazard and disaster event has been described in terms of how they are preserved (e.g. fossil record or rock record), spatial scale, impact on life, and geological age. Here we showcase seven examples in detail which include well-known and less-known events from the survey that have contributed to our understanding of hazard and disaster processes and their impact on life. Also we present general conclusions and lessons learnt from the “Hazard and Disaster Event Survey”.
Maniçoba hay or silage replaces Tifton 85 hay in spineless cactus diets for sheep
Authors: Maciel Michel Do Vale , Carvalho Francisco Fernando Ramos de , Batista Ângela Maria Vieira , Souza Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de , Maciel Laura Priscila Araújo Amaro , Lima Júnior Dorgival Morais de
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the replacement of Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) by maniçoba hay or silage (Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg) on sheep intake and performance. Twenty-four male Santa Ines animals were used, with initial body weight of 19.77 ± 1.95 kg and average age of 160 days. The animals were distributed in three treatments (Tifton 85 hay-TH, Maniçoba hay-MH and Maniçoba silage-MS), arranged in a randomized blocks design, with 8 replicates per treatment. The feedlot period lasted for 71 days. The means of the variables were tested by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Sheep fed MH presented higher dry matter intake (p > 0.05) than those fed TH (1.17 kg day-1 vs 1.06 kg day-1). Neutral detergent fiber intake was higher (p > 0.05) for MH-fed sheep (0.394 kg day-1) when compared to MS (0.340 kg day-1). The digestibility of total carbohydrates was higher (p > 0.05) for MH diet (0.71 g kg-1) than TH (0.67 g kg-1). The average daily gain and body weight at slaughter did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments. Maniçoba hay or silage can replace Tifton 85 hay in sheep diets.
Relationship of total bacterial and somatic cell counts with milk production and composition – multivariate analysis
Authors: Botton Fernanda Scolari , Alessio Dileta Regina Moro , Busanello Marcos , Schneider Catia Letícia Corrêa , Stroeher Fernanda Hammes , Haygert-Velho Ione Maria Pereira
Published: March 2019

This study was realized to evaluate the monthly production, composition and quality of milk (total and defatted dry extract, lactose, fat and protein) and their relation to somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC) using multivariate statistical analyses. The data are from a dairy farm for the period of two years (from January 2015 to December 2016). The SCC and TBC variables were transformed to somatic cell score (SCS) and log10 (LogTBC). Factor analysis, discriminant analysis and cluster analysis were used. Through factor analysis, it was found two factors that together explained 69.5% of the total data variation. The first factor represented the inverse relationship between lactose versus fat and protein content, while the second factor represented the inverse relationship among monthly milk yield versus SCS and LogTBC. The discriminant analysis identified that lactose and protein contents and SCS were the variables that had the greatest participation in the separation of the groups formed by the cluster analysis. The groups differed mainly by the monthly production of milk, composition and SCS. Finally, there are important multivariate relations between the variables milk production, composition and quality.