bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A STATISTICAL APPROACH TO THE DETERMINATION OF THE MAJOR CONTRIBUTING ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETER(S) FOR REGIONAL VARIATION IN BODY MASS INDEX IN COASTAL AND PLAIN REGIONS OF INDIA: A PILOT COHORT STUDY
Authors: Verma J P , Jaseja Harinder , Boyadjiev Nikolay , Gurjar Priti , Bhojane Amey , Singh Ajeet
Published: April 2020

An estimate of body mass index (BMI) is a convenient technique to determine a healthy weight in accordance with height and is based on certain anthropometric parameters. This study was undertaken to statistically analyze the differential significance of anthropometric parameters in contributing to regional and age variation in BMI in a cohort population. The study population comprised of 101 school teachers from Mumbai (coastal) and Gwalior (plains) regions of both sexs (males=76) and (females=25). The data on age, waist circumference and hip circumference was obtained and subjected to regression analysis using the IBM SPSS version 22 software. In general, the results show that, waist in males and hip circumference in females is the single most important parameter in estimating the BMI. However, by considering all the three parameters i.e., age, waist and hip circumferences, the accuracy of BMI estimation can be enhanced both in males and females. The results exhibit a significant effect of regional influence but marginal influence of age in estimating the BMI. A definite and interesting difference in the contribution of anthropometric parameters in the regional variation of BMI was detected. The observations strongly suggest development of region-wise as well as age-wise BMI estimation models.
LOWER-LIMB ASYMMETRY IN BALANCE ABILITY OF YOUNG BADMINTON PLAYERS
Authors: Manolova Anna
Published: April 2020

Based on the limited evidence available about balance performance among young badminton players, this study was aimed to establish the presence or absence of lower-limb balance asymmetry among 13-15 years old players. The research was done among 40 young players (22 girls, 18 boys) from 3 Bulgarian clubs. Unipedal stance test and Y balance test were used to determine balance abilities. Paired sample T test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to evaluate the data from the dominant and non-dominant leg. The results from the two tests show that there is no statistically significant difference between the legs. These results support the usefulness of performing bilateral balance exercises, so that the asymmetry that players are predisposed to develop could be reduced and the risk of lower extremity injuries would be decreased.
MODIFIED FIELD TEST FOR DETERMINING THE SPECIFIC ENDURANCE IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS
Authors: Gateva Maria
Published: April 2020

Several attempts have been made in the past years to create adequate tests in order to determinate the fitness level of the athletes in the gymnastics disciplines. Considering the high-intensity movements and the total routine time, we hypostatized that anaerobic metabolism is a determinant for rhythmic gymnastics performance. Based on the physiological indicators of a competitive routine the aim of this study was to create a reliable and valid specific field test to measure the fitness level (specific endurance) of the rhythmic gymnasts competing at national and international level. 12 high-level gymnasts aged 15.7 ± 2.1 were involved in this study. The testing was done twice – once in the preparatory and second time in the competitive period. Two tests were performed in the field – the specific anaerobic test and a competitive routine. The heart rate and the blood lactate were recorded during and after the load. Specific endurance gymnastics field test is a simple routine including specific but very basic rhythmic gymnastics exercises from each body group – steps; waves; balances; pivots; leaps and acrobatic elements with very low level of difficulties. The maximal blood lactate concentration levels recorded in both tests and periods did not show any significant difference and varied between 7.2 to 8.4 mmol/l. All of the heart rate values after the loads indicated high work intensity – above 185 bpm. There were significant differences in both exercises (specific test & routine) between the preparatory and the competitive routine. The heart rate clearly showed adaptation of the cardiovascular system towards the load when tapering into the peak performance period. The suggested test is a standard field test suitable for active, mid to high-level rhythmic gymnasts aged above 12 years, which can measure the current specific endurance of a gymnast and compare it with her previous testing or gymnasts.
ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE ENHANCING ACE, ACTN3, AMPD1 GENETIC MARKERS, FITNESS CHARACTERISTICS, C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND URIC ACID OF CRICKET, NETBALL, RUGBY AND SOCCER PLAYERS: A REVIEW
Authors: Mugandani Sam
Published: April 2020

Sports is a large industry with vibrant leagues running in many countries. Some of the most popular sports are soccer, rugby, cricket and netball. To meet the demand for better performance of athletes and sustain this growing industry, coaches and trainers have depended on the manipulation of factors such as physical and physiological parameters, nutrition, tactics, techniques and psychological factors to try and improve the performance of athletes. These have been referred to as the environmental or nurture constraints. The quest for better performance continues hence microtechnology such as accelerometers, heart rate monitors and global positioning systems are also being used to gather data to determine some of the physical and physiological demands of games. Evidence from studies with twins revealed that there are performance traits which are genetically determined. Research also shows that more than 60% of performance in sport and exercise is genetically determined. The unraveling of the human genome and advances in molecular biological studies resulted in the quest for knowledge relating to the influence of genes at the molecular level on performance in exercise and sport. The human genome project established approximately 20 000 genes in humans. To date, the gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes has identified more than 200 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with some performance and fitness linked traits. Among the most studied gene polymorphisms are the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene, the human α- actinin-3 (ACTN3) gene and the adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD1) gene, as they relate mostly to anerobic and aerobic related activities. The use of hematological and biochemical indicators to identify injuries and exercise stress calls for exploration of association between gene polymorphisms and indicators such as C-reactive protein, uric acid and blood parameters such as red blood cells and sub-components of leukocytes.
PULSE TRANSIT TIME - RELIABLE MARKER FOR SLEEP DISTURBANCES AMONG ATHLETES
Authors: Rankov Krassimir
Published: April 2020

Sleep is essential for everyone and is important for the normal human functioning. Lack of sleep, called sleep deprivation, is a condition leading to poor sports training and achievements. Different factors contribute to sleep deprivation among athletes. Respiratory sleep disorders such as Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) are factors that rebound most to sleep deprivation for certain groups of athletes such as wrestlers, judokas and sumo wrestlers. The present study investigates the UARS and OSA occurrence in the above mentioned groups of athletes using Pulse Transit Time (PTT) as an early noninvasive indicator of respiratory effort and sympathetic nervous system activity. Sixty-seven elite athletes, practicing wrestling, sumo wrestling and judo were screened by enquiry for sleep breathing disturbances. The study involved the most suspicious ten cases for sleep-disordered breathing symptoms. They underwent full standard polysomnographic (PSG) examination using Alice 5 System Philips - Respironics Inc. with the registration of PTT. Among all athletes, regardless of the presence of changes in hemoglobin saturation or apnea-hypopnea index changes (AHI), a significant drop in the PTT value with more than 8-15 ms for sleep stages N1 and N2 (p
GENERAL HEALTH PREDICTION FROM BURNOUT AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF PRIVATE HEALTH AND FITNESS CENTERS’ EMPLOYEES
Authors: Georgiou Yannis , Fotiou Aggeliki
Published: April 2020

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prediction of the General Health from Burnout Syndrome’s (BS) dimensions, and from the employment status of the private health and fitness center employees. We used a stratified random sampling method, and a sample of 205 private health and fitness centers employees completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey (MBI–GS), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and the Demographic Questionnaire. The statistical analysis showed that gender and employment status do not predict decrease in General Health (GH) levels, while exhaustion and depersonalization dimensions of BS create the background for emergence of the GH levels’ decrease.
FACTOR STRUCTURE AND MAJOR FACTORS OF PHYSICAL ABILITY OF 13-14-YEAR-OLD PUPIL
Authors: Borukova Mariana
Published: April 2020

Physical activity is an important element and criterium for a healthy lifestyle. The level of physical ability determines the degree to which an organism adapts to its environment and therefore the development and condition of all the other personal qualities depends greatly on it. One of the elements of physical ability and fitness is the main motor qualities – speed, strength, endurance, agility, flexibility, balance, coordination of movements. The aim of that study is to reveal the major factors of physical ability of 13-14-year-old pupils, as well as to determine to what extent gender differences influence the level of physical ability between boys and girls of one age group. We used variation, factor and comparative analyses when we processed the results. According to the general conclusions, for both boys and girls there are three major factors with a very high percentage to the initial dispersion of the surveyed phenomenon. We can sum up that in this age group the established gender differences have a very big impact on the physical ability of the pupils, and these differences regard mostly the explosive power of the lower limbs, the speed abilities and the endurance of the kids, the advantage being totally in favor of the boys.
SUBMAXIMAL LABORATORY ANAEROBIC TEST TO DETERMINE RHYTHMIC GYMNASTS’ FITNESS LEVEL
Authors: Gateva Maria
Published: April 2020

In sports such as gymnastics it is difficult to monitor the fitness and endurance level of the athletes. In rhythmic gymnastics it is proven that the competitive program is in anaerobic regime of work. Some authors state that there is no contribution by the aerobic energy system in gymnastics. Very few attempts have been undertaken to create specific anaerobic tests in the different gymnastics disciplines. That’s why the aim of this study was to create a laboratory test to measure the fitness level (specific endurance) of the rhythmic gymnasts competing at national and international level. Twelve high-level gymnasts aged 15.7 (±2.1) were involved in this study. Two tests were performed in the laboratory – VO2 max and submaximal 2-min test (author’s test) and one field test – competitive routine was carried out. Two min submaximal treadmill test with constant load (95% of the maximal test) requires a 2-min run on a treadmill with a constant speed of 8,4 km/h and individually set up incline of 95% of the maximum for each athlete. The incline is fixed on the basis of: reached HR and incline during the maximal test; extrapolation of the incline as 100% from the theoretical maximal pulse and calculation of the 95% of the incline for each gymnast. Rhythmic gymnastics routine clearly showed better results in the competitive period and is an indicator for tapering into peak performance. We received some contradictory information as regards the laboratory results. Heart rate during the whole load on the treadmill test was lower (significantly proven). This means that in the next stage of the investigation, the experiment needs to be done with the same duration, but we should increase the load to 100%.
A Majestic Vacation
Authors: Cullum C. Chadwick
Published: April 2020

Subchapter S elections provide small businesses and their owners with substantial tax benefits. These elections allow the businesses to avoid taxation at the corporate level and cause the tax liability of the company to pass through to the shareholders. When a Subchapter S entity enters bankruptcy, the company expects tax liability to continue to pass through to the shareholders, but the shareholders often want to shift the tax liability back onto the company because they do not have access to the company’s income while it is in bankruptcy. Whether Subchapter S elections are property of the company’s bankruptcy estate is a significant factor in the ability of shareholders of these entities to revoke these elections to avoid the tax liability. Until recently, courts had found that a Subchapter S election is property of the bankruptcy estate, but never addressed a situation involving qualified subsidiaries of Subchapter S Corporations. In In re Majestic Star, the Third Circuit held that these elections are not property rights and vacated the lower bankruptcy court’s order to restore the tax statuses of a subsidiary in bankruptcy and its parent corporation.

Comparing the broad application of property rights in bankruptcy used in In re Dittmar, this Note demonstrates that the Third Circuit Court of Appeals improperly limited its analysis concerning the property nature of these elections. Subchapter S elections should be property of the estate because they provide an economic benefit to the company that can satisfy claims of creditors. The inequities and negative implications that resulted from the lower bankruptcy court’s order are also not as significant as the Third Circuit would make them seem. Some of these negative consequences could have been remedied by fixing an error in the order.
Rediscovering Congressional Intelligence Oversight
Authors: Langston Marc B.
Published: April 2020

This Article compares a historical model of congressional intelligence oversight, as demonstrated by Church’s leadership as chairman of the U.S. Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (“Church Committee”), with current intelligence oversight deficiencies that have induced a growing population of citizens to demand greater protections against government overreach and wrongdoing. By examining the difficulties Church and the Church Committee experienced in gathering evidence of government misconduct and publicly disseminating such information, a more historical perspective may reveal the viability of alternative methods of congressional intelligence oversight.
Marketing Interstate Harmony
Authors: Singleterry Brian
Published: April 2020

As the population of the American West continues to rise, increasing conflicts over water are inevitable. Complicating matters, the existing supplies are often far from demands and are often shared between states. To satisfy future demands, states must learn to transfer and share water. There are currently three methods for resolving water disputes between states: litigation in the Supreme Court, congressional allocation, and Interstate Compacts. All three are costly and take many years to reach a conclusion.

However, most resources, like oil or timber, do not require special allocation methods. Instead, the market efficiently and equitably allocates these resources. While requiring regulation, water markets are also able to match water supply and demand. In recent years, every Western state has increased support of water markets within its borders.

Encouraging water markets between the states would result in more efficient and equitable interstate distribution of water. Additionally, water markets increase water-use efficiency and provide incentives to move water to higher uses. Potential barriers to markets operating between the states are either unconstitutional or insignificant.
National Security, Narcissism, Voyeurism, and Kyllo
Authors: Pearlman Adam R. , Lee Erick S.
Published: April 2020

This Article seeks to qualify somewhat the growing consensus that, at least as it was known in the twentieth century, “privacy is dead.” Although this sentiment seems empirically correct, this Article argues it is an oversimplification that fails to account for American values and legal policy. Rather, the Authors recognize as a morally neutral proposition that privacy is a legal fiction. At the same time, this Article advocates that it is a fiction best maintained and protected to the extent possible and reasonable given the unambiguous willingness of people en masse to sacrifice their privacy for mere convenience and token benefits.
Content of the mechanism for the implementation of the rights of employees
Authors: Inshyn Mykola
Published: April 2020

In the article the specific content of the mechanism of exercising the right of workers to rest is analyzed. Its constituent elements are determined. The theoretical and legal aspects of each of them are described. The place and role of each of them in the system of elements of the mechanism of exercising the right of workers to rest is clarified.
Tendencies of further development of social legislation system in Ukraine
Authors: Saynetsky Oleg
Published: April 2020

In the article the specifics of prospects for further development of systematization of social legislation in Ukraine are analyzed. The list of tendencies of further development of systematization of social legislation in Ukraine is formulated. The content and meaning of each of them are disclosed.
About the structure of legal arrivals in Ukraine
Authors: Kornienko H.
Published: April 2020

The article analyzes the peculiarities of legal relations in the sphere of agribusiness on the basis of research on agrarian relations, economic activity (entrepreneurship) and agro-industrial complex. A comprehensive analysis of relations in the field of business in the agricultural sector is given. Their object and subject composition is established, which is narrower than in agrarian-legal relations. It is emphasized that the object of legal relations in the field of agribusiness, the essence of which is expressed through action - different in content and character, is pluralistic in nature, which causes its multilevel and complexity. The subjects of legal relations in the said sphere are agricultural enterprises of various organizational and legal forms (farms, agricultural cooperatives, agricultural joint-stock companies, agricultural limited liability companies, agricultural private enterprises, etc.), as well as those providing agricultural production and production. products (enterprises in the field of information, logistical and logistical support. The same aspect explores the relationship between agribusiness and agro-industrial complex, which are not inherently identical concepts. The basis for their isolation is the orientation of business entities: in the agro-industrial complex - production and marketing, and in agribusiness - marketing.
The concepts of the legal status of financial institution employees in Ukraine
Authors: Kyrizliev О.
Published: April 2020

The essence of the legal status of employees of financial institutions in Ukraine is analyzed in the article. Scientific approaches to the definition of approximate legal phenomena are presented. The content and specifics of this term have been clarified. The author's concept of legal status of employees of financial institutions in Ukraine is formulated.
Credits 3.2
Authors: Sanz Alonso Irene
Published: April 2020

Credits 3.2
Editorial
Authors: Goodbody Axel Howarth
Published: April 2020

Issue 6.1 of Ecozon@ contains a Special Section on the theme “European New Nature Writing”, guest edited by Anna Stenning and Terry Gifford. It presents essays by Pippa Marland, Simone Schröder, Maris Sõrmus, Alberto García Teresa, Maria Arpioni (in Italian), Deborah Lilley and Ellen Skowronski. The General Section contains further essays by Gabriele Dürbeck/Caroline Schaumann/Heather Sullivan (on material ecocriticism); Kamil Michta (reading J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace in the light of Kantian ethics); and Elena Sánchez Vizcaíno (in Spanish, on theatre as a medium for promoting awareness of the dangers of forest fires). Serenella Iovino presents photographs by Remo Savisaar and Peter Bergthaller, prose reflections by Richard Kerridge and Tiziano Fratus, and an ‘eco-poem’ (in English and Italian) by Ivana Trevisani Bach. The issue also presents reviews of nine recent books.   Resumen   El número 6.1 de Ecozon@ incluye una sección especial sobre “Nueva escritura de la naturaleza europea”, con los editores invitados Anna Stenning y Terry Gifford. Incluye ensayos de Pippa Marland, Simone Schröder, Maris Sõrmus, Alberto García Teresa, Maria Arpioni (en italiano), Deborah Lilley y Ellen Skowronski. La sección general tiene otros ensayos escritos por Gabriele Dürbeck/Caroline Schaumann/Heather Sullivan (sobre ecocrítica materialista); Kamil Michta (una lectura de  Disgrace de J.M. Coetzee desde la ética Kantiana); y Elena Sánchez Vizcaíno (en español, sobre el teatro como medio para promover la concienciación sobre los peligros de los incendios forestales). Serenella Iovino presenta fotografías de  Remo Savisaar y Peter Bergthaller, reflexiones en prosa de Richard Kerridge y Tiziano Fratus, y un ‘eco-poema’ (en inglés e italiano) de Ivana Trevisani Bach. El número también ofrece reseñas sobre nueve libros recientes.
Breathing with the Other: Ethics and Eco-socialist Perspective in the Poetry of Jorge Riechmann // Respirar junto al otro: Ética y perspectiva eco-socialista en la poesía de Jorge Riechmann
Authors: García-Teresa García Alberto
Published: April 2020

Jorge Riechmann is the author of more than 25 poetry collections and chapbooks, along with an extensive set of essays on poetry, philosophy, politics and ecology. Riechmann composed almost fifty monographs and books in collaboration, some of them reference works. In his poetry, Riechmann (Madrid, 1962) harmoniously demonstrates an inexhaustible drive towards revelation, in which he presents a consciousness of the fragility of an elusive beauty alongside a deep socio-economic critique of the world. He offers warnings about the ecological crises which he conceives as socio-ecological crises; in other words, products of the crises of the civilisation in which we are living. His work does this through a synthesis based on lexical accuracy, declarative clarity, philosophical inquiry and symbolic exemplification of a different prevailing ethic which is based on empathy, the expansion of the moral community to include non-human sentient beings and awareness of the limits to and vulnerability of all life. This article analyzes the main lines of thought which traverse the poetry of Jorge Riechmann, as well as the transformative perspective that moves him. Ultimately, his verse proposes an ethics and pushes for policy that can work to change society for the better.   Resumen                 Autor de más de 25 poemarios y plaquettes, junto con un extenso conjunto de ensayos sobre poética, filosofía, ecología y política (compuesto por casi medio centenar de monografías y libros en colaboración; algunos de ellos materiales de referencia), en la poesía de Jorge Riechmann (Madrid, 1962) se integran de forma armónica una inagotable intención de revelación, consciente de la fragilidad de una belleza inasible, y una profunda crítica socioeconómica del mundo, de alerta sobre la crisis ecológica (que, según señala, hemos de concebir siempre como crisis socio-ecológica, producto de la crisis de civilización en la cual nos hallamos inmersos). Lo lleva a cabo a través de una síntesis basada en la precisión léxica, la claridad enunciativa, la indagación filosófica y la ejemplificación simbólica de una ética distinta a la predominante que se basa en la empatía, la ampliación de la comunidad moral para incluir al resto de seres sintientes y la conciencia de los límites y de la vulnerabilidad de todo lo vivo. En este artículo se analizan las principales líneas de pensamiento que, desde este enfoque, atraviesan toda la poesía de Jorge Riechmann, así como la perspectiva de transformación que lo mueve y las propuestas políticas y éticas que se expresan y que se desarrollan en sus versos para cambiar la sociedad.
Editorial
Authors: Iovino Serenella
Published: April 2020

Creative Writing and Arts Editorial, Special Focus Issue on "European New Nature Writing"
Sea Life at Keiss Beach, Northern Scotland // Vida marítima en la playa de Keiss, norte de Escocia
Authors: Bergthaller Peter
Published: April 2020

The pictures were taken on a flat part of the coast near Keiss, County Caithness, Scotland, at low tide, where “Old Red” Sandstone forms a hard bed dipping shallowly into the perfectly transparent sea. About 10 metres into the surf, the rocks break off into deep water, opening to a less accessible part of the water-bound world. The creatures I found there were neither spectacular, nor rare or exciting. There were no loud colours, no sublime mysteries—just organisms in their own world, solitary and perfectly undisturbed, some waiting to be engulfed in the next high tide, others moving around at incredibly slow rates.Resumen             Estas fotografías fueron tomadas en una zona llana de la costa cercana a Keiss, en el condado de Caithness, Escocia, con marea baja, donde la “vieja arenisca roja” forma un lecho duro que se sumerge superficialmente en el mar perfectamente transparente. A unos 10 metros en el oleaje, las rocas se quiebran en el agua profunda, abriéndose a una parte menos accesible del mundo acuático. Las criaturas que encontré allí no eran espectaculares, ni raras ni fascinantes. No había colores llamativos, ni misterios sublimes—simplemente organismos en su propio mundo, solitarios y perfectamente imperturbados, algunos esperando ser tragados por la próxima marea, otros moviéndose a un ritmo increíblemente lento.
Review Essay: Re-mapping Ecocriticism: New Directions in Literary and Urban Ecology // Ensayo reseña: Re-trazando el mapa de la ecocrítica: Nuevas direcciones en la ecología literaria y urbana
Authors: Schliephake Christopher Martin
Published: April 2020

This review essay looks at two recent publications which represent a critical mass in the fields of literary and urban ecology, at once drawing on classical ecocritical notions of “space” and “place” as well as signaling new directions for future work. Their mutual emphasis on the interconnected nature of the place-world not only offers new ways of thinking about how places are connected to each other, but also how natural, cultural, social and scientific processes constantly interact to make and re-make the landscapes in which we live. Thereby, their focus on human habitats and built environments is a timely addition to a debate that is still very much focused on “natural” landscapes and helps to reflect on the way in which concepts like “nature”, “country”, or “wilderness” are not only culturally mediated, but also constructed with the contrasting image of the “city” in mind. Both books illustrate in a number of close readings how literary texts influence our spatial perceptions and mediate our experiences within an (urban) environment, showing how creative processes of the mind constantly interrelate with our (non-)human worlds.   Resumen               Este ensayo reseña analiza dos publicaciones recientes que representan una masa crítica en los campos de la ecología literaria y urbana, recurriendo a las nociones ecocríticas clásicas de “espacio” y “lugar”, a la par que señalando nuevas direcciones para trabajos futuros. Su énfasis mutuo en la naturaleza interconectada del lugar-mundo no sólo ofrece nuevas formas de pensar en cómo los lugares están conectados unos a otros, sino también cómo los procesos naturales, culturales, sociales y científicos interactúan constantemente para hacer y re-hacer los paisajes en que vivimos. Así, su enfoque en los hábitats humanos y entornos construidos es una incorporación oportuna a un debate que aún está muy centrado en paisajes “naturales”, y ayuda a reflexionar sobre la forma en que conceptos como “naturaleza”, “país” o “lo salvaje” no sólo están mediados culturalmente, sino también construidos opuestos a la imagen de “ciudad” en mente. Ambos libros ilustran en varios análisis detallados cómo los textos literarios influyen en nuestras percepciones espaciales y median en nuestras experiencias dentro de un entorno (urbano), mostrando cómo los procesos de la mente se interrelacionan constantemente con nuestros mundos (no)humanos.
Credits 6.1 // Créditos 6.1
Authors: Sanz Alonso Irene
Published: April 2020

Credits
Eine Geschichte des Wissens // A History of Knowledge // Una historia del conocimiento
Authors: Karr Sarah
Published: April 2020

Book review of Benjamin Bühler und Stefan Riege's Vom Wuchern der Pflanzen. Ein Florilegium des Wissens, Bunte Steine. Ein Lapidarium des Wissens, Ein Machinarium des Wissens.Resumen      Reseña de Vom Wuchern der Pflanzen. Ein Florilegium des Wissens, Bunte Steine. Ein Lapidarium des Wissens, Ein Machinarium des Wissens de Benjamin Bühler und Stefan Riege.
Terraforming and the City // Terraformación y la ciudad
Authors: Pak Chris
Published: April 2020

Science fictional depictions of cities have explored a variety of utopian and dystopian modes of habitation and control that have fed into popular imagination regarding the shape of future societies. The intersection between terraforming, the adaptation of planetary landscapes, and the interfaces for these interventions into multiple environments (the city) have accrued new resonances in the contemporary context of climate change. This paper surveys the image of the city in narratives of terraforming from H.G. Wells’s The Shape of Things to Come (1933), through the American pulp sf of the 1950s, the ecological sf of the 1970s-1980s and the terraforming stories of the 1990s, and up to Kim Stanley Robinson’s Red Mars, Green Mars and Blue Mars (1992-1996). Exploring how the image of the city appears in these narratives, this paper raises questions about how these interfaces with nature explore possible modes of habitation. What does this mean for a burgeoning sense of place that has begun to consider how such imagined habitations become spaces that are embedded in nature and thus reflect new conceptions of the human? Resumen      La representación de la ciudad en la ciencia ficción ha sido utilizada para explorar una variedad de modos de morada y control utópicos y distópicos que han alimentado la imaginación popular con respecto al aspecto de las sociedades futuras. La intersección entre la terraformación, la adaptación de paisajes planetarios, y las interfaces para estas intervenciones en múltiples ambientes (la ciudad), han acumulado nuevas resonancias en el contexto contemporáneo del cambio climático. Este artículo considera la relación entre la naturaleza no-humana y la ciudad en narrativas de terraformación desde The Shape of Things to Come (1933) de H.G. Wells a través de los pulps de ciencia ficción americanos de los años 50, Genesis (1988) de Frederick Turner, y las novelas Red Mars, Green Mars y Blue Mars (1992-1996) de Kim Stanley Robinson. Mediante la exploración de cómo la ciudad se asocia con la naturaleza no-humana en forma del animal, de bacterias y plantas en estas narrativas, este artículo sugiere preguntas sobre cómo estas interfaces con la naturaleza exploran posibles modos de morada. ¿Qué significa esto para un creciente sentido de lugar que ha comenzado a considerar cómo estas moradas imaginadas se convierten en espacios que se incrustan en la naturaleza y, por lo tanto, reflejan nuevas concepciones de lo humano?
Transatlantic Iberian, Latin American, and Lusophone African Ecocriticism: An Introduction // Ecocrítica transatlántica ibérica, latinoamericana y lusófono-africana: Una introducción
Authors: Prádanos Luis , Anderson Mark
Published: April 2020

Introduction for South Atlantic Ecocriticism
Анализ данных натурных экспериментов пешеходного движения в прямом коридоре и их применение для тестирования программ на примере ПО «Сигма ПБ»
Authors: Kirik Ekaterina , Vitova Tat’yana
Published: April 2020

В статье представлен анализ видеозаписи натурного эксперимента пешеходного движения в прямом коридоре, целью которого было определение исходных данных (начальное расположение людей, скорость движения, скорость свободного движения) для дальнейшего использования при тестировании компьютерных программ, моделирующих движение людей (эвакуацию). Полученные данные были применены для тестирования ПО «Сигма ПБ». Представлены результаты, которые демонстрируют хорошее согласование результатов вычислительного эксперимента с данными натурного эксперимента в случае согласованности исходных данных: отклонения не превышают 6,5 %, все полученные оценки времени эвакуации являются верхними.

A detailed analysis of the videos with full-scale pedestrian movement experiments in a straight corridor was carried out and presented in the article. Each test was conducted once. To analyze videos there was applied the method of studying the movement of selected people or groups. This analysis made it possible to evaluate such an important characteristic of pedestrian traffic as unimpeded speed (or free movement velocity). For testing purposes it is very important to have the closest initial data in real and simulation experiments. The closer the conditions of the computational experiment to the natural one, the more residuals obtained can be regarded as a measure of the simulation quality. Otherwise, incomparable values are compared, and the analysis of deviations does not make sense. “Fast” tests are especially sensitive to the initial data when the process is observed in a transitional stage. Just “fast” tests are sensitive to the method of measuring the time of the experiment. The data obtained allowed to conduct computational experiments in the most approximate conditions (initial positions of people, the unimpeded speed) in real experiments with a straight corridor. The software “Sigma PB” was tested. Comparison of simulation results with the data of full-scale experiment shows good agreement of evacuation times, and divergence is no more than 6,5 %. Moreover, all residuals are negative (table 3). It means that the model is “slower” than the real process, that is, the Sigma PB software delivers upper estimates of evacuation time.
Классификация строительных материалов по пожарной опасности
Authors: Shebeko Aleksey , Smirnov Nikolay , Zuban Andrey
Published: April 2020

Рассмотрены системы классификации, используемые в отечественной и европейской практике оценки пожарной опасности строительных материалов, при этом применяются как идентичные, так и отличающиеся методы испытаний. Представлен критический анализ подходов к классификации строительных материалов по пожарной опасности и показана возможность использования результатов стандартных испытаний для прогнозирования их поведения при реальном пожаре. Отмечено, что действующая в России система противопожарного нормирования строительных материалов положительно зарекомендовала себя с точки зрения влияния на безопасность людей.

The main differences of the fire hazard classification systems for building materials accepted in Russia and the EU countries are considered. It is shown that these classification systems are based on test results following both almost identical and significantly different methods. The analysis of the possibility of predicting the behaviour of building material in a real fire is carried out based on the results of standard fire hazard tests. It is concluded that the data obtained from the results of standard tests cannot be fully used to describe the thermal-oxidative decomposition and burning of building material in a real fire. The analysis of criticism of the domestic classification system described in the scientific literature for classifying building materials as different fire hazard classes is presented. The specified criticism is based on the assertion that the methods used in the framework of the Russian fire hazard classification system for building materials do not regulate the definition of so-called “dynamic” indicators during testing that characterizes a change in a given measured value during testing. It is shown that, firstly, the use of dynamic indicators does not lead to a more complete and adequate assessment of the fire hazard of building materials, and, secondly, the methods used in the framework of the European classification system for building materials by fire hazard have significant uncertainty, including parts of the definition of the above mentioned “dynamic” indicators. Criticism of the Russian fire hazard classification system of building materials is examined regarding the fact that within the framework of one fire hazard class, indicators are collected that by their physical nature are in no way correlated and interrelated. To this, an answer is given that, firstly, the concept of “fire hazard of building material” implies a comprehensive assessment of all indicators that can affect the behaviour of the material in case of fire, with a subsequent contribution to the formation of its dangerous factors and, secondly, such an approach to classification meets international best practices, and in particular European ones. It is noted that the long-standing practice of fire-rated building materials in Russia, based on the current classification, has shown its adequacy and correctness.
Особенности возникновения и предупреждение взрывоопасных режимов в системах аспирации с фильтрами-пылеуловителями
Authors: Romanyuk Elena , Fedorov Andrey
Published: April 2020

Обоснованы преимущества использования зернистых фильтров в системах аспирации производственных помещений, в которых образуется и обращается горючая пыль. Рассмотрены некоторые известные конструкции, имеющие достаточно узкое применение, однако перспективные для обработки взрывоопасных пылегазовых потоков. Дано описание лабораторного стенда и приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований процесса фильтрования зернистыми фильтрами, подтверждающие необходимость контроля взрывоопасных ситуаций в работе пылеуловителя. Предложен автоматизированный способ контроля аспирации для предупреждения взрывоопасных состояний фильтра.

There is a large number of technological operations associated with the treatment of combustible dusts at production facilities. Such industries include food, pharmaceutical, woodworking, metalworking, textile and other industries, the main technological equipment of which is supplemented with aspiration systems. According to the requirements of ecology, labour protection and fire safety, this system must include a dust collector. When choosing a dust collector for such systems granular filters are found particularly effective. They allow to precipitate combustible dust. The article presents the known constructions of granular filters, the narrow application of which is associated with insufficient study of their operation with explosive flows. Therefore, the authors developed an experimental stand and analyzed the operation of different filters: with metal balls, screws, peas and pea mash, grain, which can be used as filter material. During the experiment it was found a state in which the filter operation is explosive. According to the results of the analysis, the criteria for the descriptions of normal and explosive operation are introduced - the criteria of geometric form, characterizes the filter and dust - K, and the rate of filtration - T. Numerical values of criteria are given for automated control of the filter operation. The automated control method of the filter allows to make the operation of the aspiration system more efficient and prevents explosive situations by timely regeneration and replacement of the layer, taking into account the calculated value of criteria K and T. In the scheme there are shown fire extinguishing modules, which are triggered by sensors when the temperature rises above normal.
Risk Factors of Protein Calorie Malnutrition Under Five Years; Tertiary Care Hospitals, Peshawar
Authors: Khan Mazhar , Naz Irum , Shirazi Farida , Afridi Rifayat Ullah , Ambreen Aneela , Nayab Durr e
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT:

OBJECTIVES:

The purpose of this study was to know about the risk factors of malnutrition and the incidence of risk factors among known cases of malnutrition admitted in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar.

METHODOLOGY:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was done. Study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar from March 2019 to July 2019. Study included 100 patients of protein calorie malnutrition less than five years of age. Internationally recognized Gomez classification was used to label patient as malnourished. Risk factors of primary malnutrition including socioeconomic status, ignorance of weaning, poverty, lack of immunization and primary care, maternal illiteracy and risk factors of secondary malnutrition including infections, congenital diseases, malabsorptive disorders and metabolic disorders were assessed. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Tables and graphs were used to determine the frequency of risk factors for protein calorie malnutrition.

RESULTS:

Among 100 patients of PCM 59 were male and 41 were females. After assessment of both genders, risk factors that show close association with protein calorie malnutrition were low socioeconomic status, maternal illiteracy, lack of family planning, poor weaning and repeated infections. Among these risk factors the most frequently observed risk factors for protein calorie malnutrition were low socioeconomic status and repeated infections.

CONCLUSION:

Low socioeconomic condition and repeated infections are the leading cause of protein calorie malnutrition.

KEYWORDS: Malnutrition, Gomez Classification, Frequency, Risk Factors
Infection Control Practices in Peshawar
Authors: Saeed Faisal , Farooq Afaq , Maqsood Farooq , Khan Kamran , Ali Ihtisham , Sartaj Mohammad
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT:

OBJECTIVES:

The purpose of this study was to assess the infection control practices among dental trainees and house-officers. The use of method of sterilization, to figure out that whether the dental trainees are vaccinated against Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV), Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Hepatitis B and C, the color-coded waste segregation protocols implementation in dental hospitals.

METHODOLOGY:

A comparative study was conducted in Sardar Begum Dental Hospital (SBDH), Peshawar. The total number of the participants was 150 dental practitioners (75 training medical officers and 75 house officers) including both genders from different departments of SBDH. A questionnaire was designed to obtain the data on infection control practices, method using for sterilization, vaccination of the trainees and waste segregation protocols. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0.

RESULTS:

Training medical officers (TMO) and house-officers (HO) are following the infection control practices in dental units (p<0.01). The autoclave methods are preferred for sterilization in dental hospital by both trainees (p-value<0.01). Furthermore, TMO’s were vaccinated as compared to the HO’s. Similarly, the TMO’s were more following the color-coded waste disposal protocols.

CONCLUSION:

Despite the information and practices of infection control there is a need for further developments in this area. The authorities should monitor the infection control practices and vaccinations of the trainees and arrange seminars or workshops for them.

KEYWORDS: Equipment, Disinfectant, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Sterilization
Stroke Risk Factors in Public Sector Hospitals, Peshawar
Authors: Musa Nighat , Khan Asghar , Ayub Sher
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the incidence of risk factors regarding stroke amid diagnosed patients in public sector hospitals of Peshawar.

METHODOLOGY:

The study design was cross sectional. Duration of the study was from May till August 2018. It was conducted in two public sector hospitals of Peshawar (Khyber Teaching Hospital and Lady Reading Hospital). A total of 300 patients participated after taking informed consent. Convenient sampling technique was used. Data was entered in excel sheets and then imported for analysis in SPSS version 21.

RESULTS:

Study results showed that 62% patients were males and 38% were females. Males age distribution less than 40 years were 24% and more than 41 years were 76%. Similarly, females were 21% and 79% respectively. Major medical risk factors found were hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The environmental risk factors were physical inactivity, smoking and obesity. The less common risk factors were alcohol and oral contraceptive use.

CONCLUSION:

The identified medical risk factors in the study can be improved and modified by regular check-ups and drug compliance. However, the environmental factors including physical inactivity, smoking and obesity can be reversed by acquiring healthy lifestyles. 

KEYWORDS: Stroke, Hypertension, Obese, Diabetes, Smoking
Editorial
Authors: Lorenzatti Marco
Published: April 2020

Para quienes conformamos Córdoba Management School, representa una inconmensurable satisfacción presentar el primer número de la Revista de Ciencias Empresariales en el año del veinticinco aniversario de la Universidad Blas Pascal.
Fuzzy Petri Net Controller for Quadrotor System using Particle Swam Optimization
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed , Ali Abduladhem , Rashid Mofeed
Published: April 2020

In this paper, fuzzy Petri Net controller is used for Quadrotor system. The fuzzy Petrinet controller is arranged in the velocity PID form. The optimal values for the fuzzy Petri Net controller parameters have been achieved by using particle swarm optimization algorithm. In this paper, the reference trajectory is obtained from a reference model that can be designed to have the ideal required response of the Quadrotor, also using the quadrotor equations to find decoupling controller is first designed to reduce the effect of coupling between different inputs and outputs of quadrotor. The system performance has been measured by MATLAB. Simulation results showed that the FPN controller has a reasonable robustness against disturbances and good dynamic performance.
UMKE Çalışanlarının Afet Durumunda Etik Yaklaşımlarının İncelenmesi; Güney Marmara Örneği
Authors: GÖKKAYA Emrah , DİNÇ Ayten
Published: April 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, UMKE
çalışanlarının afet durumundaki etik yaklaşımlarının incelenmesidir. Araştırma tanımlayıcı nitelikte olup, Ağustos
2016-Ağustos 2017 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın
evrenini Güney Marmara Bölgesinde
çalışan 264 UMKE personeli, örneklemini çalışmayı kabul eden 201 UMKE çalışanı oluşturmuştur. Veriler yüz
yüze görüşme yöntemiyle, anket formu ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin
değerlendirilmesinde, frekans, yüzde, ki-kare testi kullanılmıştır.  Araştırmada UMKE çalışanlarının %44’ü etik
ikilem ile sürekli karşılaştıklarını, %64’ü etik ikilemden dolayı
verimliliklerinin etkilendiğini belirtmiştir. UMKE çalışanlarını afet sırasında etik
ikilemde bırakan uygulamalar; afetzedeyi transport durumu (%33,8), afetzede
yakınları (%26,9), KPR (kardiyopulmoner
resüsitasyon) uygulamasına karar verme (%22,9), hastane koordinasyon eksikliğidir
(%16,4). KPR’a karar verirken
en fazla aileye açıklamada zorlanmaktadırlar. UMKE çalışanlarının %30,3’ü her zaman, %62’si bazen karşılaştıkları
etik problemlerin çözümü için yardıma ihtiyaç duymakta, %62,3’ü
meslektaşlarından bu konuda yardım almaktadır. UMKE çalışanlarının afet hizmeti
sunumunda; %20,4’ünün zarar
vermeme, %23,9’unun yararlı olma, %17,9’unun adalet, %19,9’unun özerklik,
%17,9’unun mahremiyet yükümlülüğünü dikkate
almadıkları saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların %66,2’sinin daha fazla etik eğitim
alma gereksinimi duydukları belirtilmiştir.

UMKE çalışanlarına afet
durumlarında etik yaklaşım ve
etik ikilemlerin çözümü ile daha fazla hizmet içi eğitimler verilmelidir.