bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mersin (Myrtuscommunis L.) Mevyesinin Fiziksel, Mekanik, Renk ve Kimyasal Özellikleri
Authors: ŞAHİN Gülcan , ALTUNTAŞ Ebubekir , POLATCI Hakan
Published: December 2019

Bu
çalışmada, beyaz ve siyah mersin (Myrtuscommunis
L.) meyvelerinin bazı biyoteknik (fiziksel, mekanik ve kimyasal) özellikleri
incelenmiştir. Çalışmada beyaz ve siyah mersin meyvelerinin fiziksel
özellikleri (geometrik, hacimsel ve renk karakteristikleri olarak geometrik
ortalama çap, küresellik, yüzey alanı, ağırlık, hacim, meyve ve yığın hacim
ağırlığı), (L, a, b, Kroma, Hue açısı
ve kahverengileşme derecesi renk karakteristikleri) ölçülmüştür. Mekanik
özellikler olarak meyvelerin saptan kopma direnci, delme ve sıkıştırma kuvveti,
deformasyon değerleri, ile kimyasal özellikler ise pH, suda çözünebilir
kuru madde miktarı (SÇKM) ve titre edilebilir asitlik (TEA) miktarı
incelenmiştir. Beyaz ve siyah mersin meyvelerinin sıkıştırma ve delme
testlerinde 20, 40 ve 60 mm min-1 hızlarında elde edilen sıkıştırma ve
delme kuvveti değerleri yükleme hızının artmasıyla birlikteartış göstermiştir.
Beyaz mersin meyvelerinin sırasıyla SÇKM (%13.63) ve TEA (0.510) değerleri,
siyah mersin meyveleri değerlerinden sırasıyla (%5.33 ve 0.205) daha yüksek
belirlenmiştir. pH değeri,  siyah
mersin meyvelerinde (5.30), beyaz mersin meyvelerinden (4.48) daha yüksek
bulunmuştur. Beyaz ve siyah mersin meyvelerinin biyoteknik özelliklerine ait
sonuçların, hasat ve hasat sonrası ürün işleme, ürün kalitesi, tüketici
istekleri ve ekonomik değer açısından göz önünde bulundurulması gerekmektedir.
Geleneksel Yoğurtlardan İzole Edilen Streptococcus thermophilus ve Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus İzolatlarının Bazı Aroma Metabolitlerinin HPLC İle Belirlenmesi
Authors: YAZDIÇ Fadime , AKYOL İsmail , YAZDIÇ Ferit Can
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışma,
geleneksel yöntemle üretilen Türk yoğurtlarından izole edilmiş laktik asit
bakterilerinin, süt laktozunun karbonhidrat metabolizmasındaki kullanım
miktarlarını ve format, pirüvat, 3-hidroksi-2-bütanon (asetoin), etanol ve
2,3-bütandiol üretim miktarlarını HPLC ile tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Geleneksel ve endüstriyel yoğurt üretiminde yaygın olarak kullanılan iki laktik
asit bakteri türü Streptococcus
thermophilus (St. thermophilus)
ve Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (Lb. bulgaricus) kültür stoğundan kullanılmıştır. 88 adet St. thermophilus ve 12 adet  Lb.
bulgaricus’un yukarda adı geçen metabolitlerinin farklı besiyerlerinde ve
sütte üretim potansiyelleri araştırılmıştır. St. thermophilus izolatları, anaerobik SM17, aerobik SM17, LM17 ve
sütte, Lb. bulgaricus izolatları
anaerobik MRS (Man, Rogosa ve Sharpe Broth) 
aerobik MRS ve sütte geliştirilmiştir. St. thermophilus izolatlarının belirlenen metabolit konsantrasyon
aralıkları format, pirüvat, 3-hidoksi-2-bütanon, etanol ve 2,3-bütandiol
miktarları sırasıyla  0.1±0.0-77.0±0.2
mg/kg, 0.1±0.0-90.2±0.0 mg/kg, 0.1±0.0-127.0±8.4 mg/kg, 2.1±0.0-191.4±1.1 mg/kg
ve 1.1±0.0-130.0±5.2 mg/kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Lb. bulgaricus izolatlarının format, pirüvat, 3-hidoksi-2-bütanon,
etanol ve 2,3-bütandiol miktarları sırasıyla 0.2±0.0-57.0±1.0 mg/kg,
0.1±0.0-3.2±1.0 mg/kg, 0.1±0.1-77.0±2.0 mg/kg, 9.1±3.0-95.3±5.0 mg/kg ve
6.2±0.2-98.4±2.0 mg/kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada miktar aralıkları
tespit edilen metabolitler, geleneksel yöntemlerle fermente edilen yoğurtlardan
izole edilen bakterilerin alt kültürlerine aittir. Bu izolatlar ticari yoğurt
endüstrisi için başlangıç kültürü olma potansiyeli taşımaktadır.
Kefir İlavesinin Yonca Silajlarının Fermantasyon Özellikleri ve Aerobik Stabilitesi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: KOÇ Fisun , KARAPINAR Bahattin , OKUYUCU Berrin , KORUCU ERDEM Duygu
Published: December 2019

Bu araştırmada, farklı dozlarda kefir ilavesinin yonca
silajlarında fermantasyon gelişimi ve aerobik stabiliteleri üzerindeki etkileri
araştırılmıştır. Katkı maddelerinin ilavesinden sonra, yaklaşık 500 g örnek
plastik torbalara konularak sıkıştırılmış ve vakumla içindeki hava alınmıştır.
Her grup için 10’ar tane olmak üzere toplam 70 paket silaj laboratuvar
şartlarında (25-30 °C) 45 gün fermantasyona bırakılmıştır. Silolama döneminin
sonunda (45. gün) tüm silajlara 7 gün süre ile aerobik stabilite testi
uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada ayrıca fermantasyonun 45. günü ve aerobik stabilite
dönemi sonrası baskın olan laktik asit bakteri türleri tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç
olarak, yonca silajına ilave edilen kefir silajların pH, asetik asit, bütrik
asit, propiyonik asit içeriklerini, kuru madde kaybını düşürürken, laktik asit
içeriklerini kontrol grubuna göre arttırmıştır (P<0.001).
Silajların lactobacilli ve maya içerikleri
kontrol grubuna göre artarken, küf gelişimini ise tamamen engellemişdir (P<0.001). Diğer yandan, kefir
ilavesi silajların (5x105 uygulamaları dışında) pH, maya içeriklerini, CO2 üretimlerini
düşürerek aerobik stabilitelerini ise geliştirmiştir (P<0.001).
Gamificación basada en un videojuego que permite desarrollar tareas de alta demanda cognitiva
Authors: Huiza Cribillero Fiorella , Holguin Alvarez Jhon
Published: December 2019

La gamificación ha iniciado su proceso de integración al método pedagógico en el Perú, aunque con escasos recursos económicos, los estudios se basan en plataformas de adquisición gratuita en medios virtuales, uno de ellos es estudiado en esta investigación. Se aplicaron 10 actividades experimentales acompañadas del juego Plants vs. Zombies, del cual se investigó su efectividad en tareas de alta demanda cognitiva matemática, se recurrió a un método cuantitativo, de tipo pre experimental, trabajado en una muestra de 20 niños y niñas de segundo grado de primaria (X(edad) = 8.9 años), la medición se realizó desde la adaptación del instrumento Evaluación diagnóstica de Matemática, los resultados arrojaron diferencias significativas entre las mediciones pretest y postest en la variable, lo cual provocó una influencia en el nivel de logro de los sujetos, se concluyó que el juego Plants vs. Zombies, acompañado de estrategias pedagógicas basadas en este videojuego, provocó más efectividad en las tareas complejas (con y sin conexiones de información), como también, en el más alto nivel de exigencia de tareas matemáticas, esto fue evidenciado en más del 50 % de estudiantes.
Competency-Based Education and Waiver Exams in Social Work Education
Authors: Malczyk Benjamin Robert
Published: December 2019

The core tenet of competency-based education is a focus on mastery of a skill or ability. The shift in focus in social work education to a competency-based approach can be applied and understood in varying ways. The current research study examined the use of waiver exams as one iteration of competency-based education in social work education. Forty seven of the 496 programs that replied to the survey indicated they offered some form of placement testing or the use of waiver exams. Further examination of program level policies suggests that social work educators continue to focus on policies and practices aligned with traditional seat-time requirements that run contrary to the principles of competency-based education. Results implicate the need for social work education to examine its commitment to competency-based education in all its forms or to at least encourage research in nontraditional approaches aligned with competency-based education including waiver exams and prior learning assessment.
The knowledge, attitude, and action of Northern Iranian women about cervical cancer and screening
Authors: Amiri Ali Ahmadzadeh , Haghshenas Mohammad Reza , Amiri Amir Ahmadzadeh , Daneshvar Fatemeh
Published: December 2019

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world among women which its early diagnosis plays an important role in the prognosis. There are many factors that contribute to the participation in the screening programs, most notably the level of knowledge and attitude of people towards cancer. Understanding the level of these factors in the female population and its association with participation in screening programs is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of women in the north of Iran to compare these factors between two groups with different baseline knowledge.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among female medical clients and healthcare staff in a healthcare center in the north of Iran. All the eligible patients were interviewed and were asked to fill a questionnaire containing the demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and action about cervical cancer and screening. The data were analyzed by SPSS v24.Results: A total of 283 females entered our study of which 156(55.1%) were clients of the healthcare center and 127(44.9%) were non-physician healthcare staff. Ninety (60.8%) of clients and 39(56.5%) of the staff have performed pap smear at least once (p=0.556). The levels of knowledge and attitude were significantly lower in the clients (p < 0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). There were no significant differences regarding the level of knowledge and attitude between those who performed pap smear and those who did not (0.621 and 0.788, respectively).Conclusions: Increasing awareness, especially improving attitudes in the female population, should be the focus of the health care system to encourage more women to participate in screening programs.
Effects of clomiphene citrate on seminal parameters in idiopathic oligospermia: a single blinded prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mandal Apurba , Chattopadhyay Shibram , Sasmal Chandan , Maiti Tapan Kumar , Bhattacharyya Shritanu
Published: December 2019

Background: About 15% married couples face problem of infertility of which male factor is implicated in 20% of them. In about 30% infertile men no causative factor is found and the condition is termed “Idiopathic”. They are often treated by empirical medications or Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) although success in few; our present study is carried on effects of clomephene citrate on seminal parameters in idiopathic oligospermia.Methods: This single blinded prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted at the infertility clinic with 200 idiopathic oligospermic men (sperm count <15 millions/ ml of ejaculate) after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria and were alternately allocated into two equal groups - “Group C” receiving clomephene citrate tablets and “ Group P” receiving placebo after concealment. Semen analysis data were collected at baseline and every month and three months of completion of treatment and were summarized by routine descriptive statistical analysis.Results: The demographic characteristics like mean age is comparative in both groups but duration of infertility of >2 years is more in group C than group p (4.3±3.06 versus 4.1±2.57). The semen volume, spermatozoa count, sperm motility and not normal form are all increased after three months of treatment in group C as are biochemical parameters like total testosterone and serum FSH, LH and as also pregnancy rate (22% versus 4%).Conclusions: This study showed clomiphene citrate treatment protocol is inexpensive, relatively safe and easy to administer and improves semen volume, sperm count and sperm motility but not sperm morphology by increasing serum testosterone, FSH and LH in male and resulting in improved pregnancy rate in female partners.
Stings of the missing string: missing Copper T thread
Authors: Junnare Ketaki K. , Sawaskar Saloni , Shekhawat G. S.
Published: December 2019

Background: Missing CuT thread is a worrisome complaint for a woman. The string may be curled in or the Cu T might have expelled or migrated.Methods: It was a retrospective study. Authors collected the data between January 2017 to December 2017. Data was collected from OPD, OT register and Indoor patient record file. The objective was to ascertain the symptomatology, type of insertion, investigations and mode of retrieval of CuT.Results: There were 63 cases of missing CuT thread, out of which, 42 were postpartum. 33 patients were asymptomatic. Irregular vaginal bleeding (19 patients) was commonest complaint, followed by abdominal pain (10 patients). Pregnancy was detected in one patient. Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) detected intrauterine location of CuT in 60 cases. X-ray abdomen erect was needed in 3 cases, which detected intra-abdominal migration of CuT in two cases. CuT was expelled in third case. In 31 patients, CuT was removed by artery forceps in OPD. In 17 cases, hysteroscopic Copper T removal was needed. Two cases with migrated CuT underwent laparoscopy for retrieval of CuT. One patient had to be converted to laparotomy to rule out bowel injury.Conclusions: Missing CuT thread is commonest with postpartum IUCD. TVS should be first investigation in missing CuT thread. X-ray abdomen is needed only if CuT is not visualized on TVS. Hysteroscopy can be used in patients where CuT retrieval with artery forceps fails. Laparoscopy and laparotomy may be required in migrated CuT cases.
Why women with advanced carcinoma cervix do not seek medical help early: a tertiary hospital based Indian study
Authors: Raheja Aastha , Agarwal Krishna , Ravi Anoosha K.
Published: December 2019

Background: Cervical cancer is a disease which claims maximum number of deaths in developing countries. Objective of this study was to understand the reason for delayed approach to medical help in women with advanced carcinoma cervix.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Information obtained from women with carcinoma cervix clinical stage IIb and above with proven histopathological diagnosis was recorded in the predetermined format.Results: Almost all the subjects were illiterate and were from lower socioeconomic strata and rural areas. None of them knew about the disease and its symptomatology. About 82% of the patients were symptomatic since 5-10 years however took no medical care during the period and 2/3rd of them even did not reveal their problem to any of the family members. About 79% of the subjects had never used any contraception and none had knowledge about its role in preventing infection. Majority of them (98%) had no idea about the role of PAP smear in screening carcinoma cervix. All of them said if they had knowledge about the disease, they would have sought medical help much earlier.Conclusions: The most important reason for delayed approach in our study was found to be lack of knowledge about the disease. Therefore, till such time that we have national screening program in place, these women who are at high risk of developing carcinoma of cervix should be targeted and educated through mass media so that these women could seek medical help in early stages.
A clinical study of association of genital tuberculosis with infertility in a tertiary centre of Jharkhand, India
Authors: Kamal Samarina , Singh Vandita , Singh Shashibala
Published: December 2019

Background: The worldwide incidence of GTB is approximately 5- 10% in infertile women. It varies from as low as 0.69% in some developed countries to as high as 19% in India. It is diagnosed by culture of the tubercle bacillus from tissue sampled from the genital tract is the yardstick for diagnosis and remains the gold standard.Methods: A prospective study was carried out between January 2012 and January 2015 on 100 women presenting with infertility.Results: A total (27%) women were diagnosed as genital tuberculosis by combination of hystero laparoscopic findings, histopathological and endometrial DNA-PCR technique confirmation. Of these (40.62%) had secondary infertility and remaining (59.38%) had primary infertility. (15.62%) were previously diagnosed with pulmonary or extra pulmonary tuberculosis and had completed a full course of Anti-tubercular treatment as per WHO CAT 1 regime.Conclusions: Therefore, in countries where TB is endemic, early and aggressive strategies should be pursued to diagnose and treat TB.
Evaluation of vitamin D levels in term pregnancy and its obstetric outcome in Indian women
Authors: Ciryam Shilpa S. , M. Munikrishna , D. Dayanand C.
Published: December 2019

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is currently a global pandemic affecting all age groups. Vitamin D is considered a fundamental hormone in calcium homeostasis and bone health. Risk of vitamin D deficiency increases during pregnancy due to increased maternal and fetal demands and altered vitamin D metabolism. Recently, maternal vitamin D deficiency has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction and preterm birth. Adequate vitamin D status appears to be relevant to health at all ages, and even in prenatal life.Methods: This is a cross sectional, observational study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at R. L. Jalappa Hospital. A total number of 160 subjects were included. 5 ml of venous blood was collected and was centrifuged at 3000 rpm and stored at - 80°C till analysis. Analysis of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D was done using ELISA.Results: Majority of the subjects were vitamin D deficient (81.87%) and 12.5% were vitamin D insufficient and only 5.63% were vitamin D sufficient. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was more among primigravidas (85.6%) and was associated with higher rates of caesarean section (92.4%). High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was seen in lower middle socioeconomic class (62.5%). Maternal vitamin D deficiency was associated low birth weight of neonates (100%).Conclusions: In this study it was concluded that majority of subjects were vitamin D deficient and belonged to lower middle socioeconomic class. Majority of this subjects who underwent caesarean section were vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D deficiency was associated only with low birth weight of neonates and no other adverse obstetric outcome.
A comparative study of saline infusion sonohysterography and hysterosalpingography for evaluation of female infertility
Authors: Bhattacharya Riya , Ramesh A. C.
Published: December 2019

Background: Infertility is a complex disorder with significant psychological and emotional impact. It affects 10-15% of couples in the reproductive age group. Hence, evaluation of female genital tract is an important part of workup of an infertile woman. The most commonly used methods are hysterosalpingography which exposes the patient to ionizing radiation and laparoscopy which is invasive. This calls for the need of a low risk method that would be suited for ambulatory application. Saline infusion sonohysterography is a cost-effective, safe, non-invasive and a rapid procedure to visualize the female pelvic organ in evaluation of infertility. The objective of this study was to compare diagnostic accuracy of saline infusion sonography (SIS) over conventional hysterosalingography (HSG) for evaluation of female infertility.Methods: Total 50 patients who presented to the gynecology OPD between 2018 to September 2019 for evaluation of infertility were included for the study. The results of the two procedures were compared.Results: For evaluation of uterine cavity, SIS had a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, NPV 75% and a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 91%, NPV of 100% for tubal patency as compared to HSG.Conclusions: For evaluation of uterine cavity, SIS had a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, NPV 75% and a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 91%, NPV of 100% for tubal patency as compared to HSG.
Maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders: a population-based study
Authors: Shruthi S. , Thenmozhi G.
Published: December 2019

Background: Hypertension during pregnancy is one of the well-known complications of dating from ancient times. It remains as one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity through its myriad complications. To study the risk factors, prevalence and epidemiological parameters of antenatal mothers presenting with hypertension during pregnancy.Methods: This study was on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including mild, severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, and chronic hypertension at Chengalpattu Medical College Hospital, Chengalpattu in a period of 1st year from October 2016 to September 2017.Results: Out of 450 hypertensive pregnancies, the majority were severe preeclampsia (39.6%). There were 78 women with gestational hypertension (17.3%), 125 women with mild preeclampsia (27.8%), 178 women with severe preeclampsia (39.6%), 64 women with eclampsia out of which 52 were AP eclampsia (11.6%), 1 case was IP eclampsia (0.2%) and 11 women were PP eclampsia (2.4%). 5 women were chronic hypertensives (1.1%)Conclusions: Complications can affect all maternal systems including central nervous system, renal system, and hematological systems. Apart from these, the fetus also faces the brunt of insult. Fetal complications include prematurity, low birth weight, stillbirths, intrauterine deaths, and intrauterine growth restrictions. However, such vast complications can be prevented by simple blood pressure monitoring and proper antenatal mother follow-up.
Induction of labour at term: 25 mcg 2 hourly oral misoprostol or 6 hourly intracervical cerviprime, safety and efficacy
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Indrani , Sisodia Dishant
Published: December 2019

Background: There are various methods for induction of labour, both mechanical and pharmacological. Prostaglandins in induction have been commonly used. Studies have been done using vaginal and sublingual use of misoprostol. This study analyses efficacy of both oral misoprostol used in low frequent doses as per FIGO 2017 guidelines and intracervical prostaglandins for induction of labour.Methods: A total 159 consecutive pregnant term mothers with singleton pregnancy, intact membranes and unfavorable cervix were subdivided into two subgroups, first subgroup was administered 25 mcg oral misoprostol at 2 hourly interval and those in subgroup B were given intracervical PGE2. Both these subgroups were prospectively followed to assess efficacy in induction of labour at term and outcome in foetus and mother. Statistical analysis was done using chi square test.Results: It was found that the induction to delivery interval was significantly lesser in the cerviprime group (19.31 hours) compared to the misoprostol group (25.19 hours). However, there was no significant difference in the rate of vaginal delivery and mean duration of labour, rates of caesarean section, maternal and neonatal complications in both the groups. More women in the cerviprime group required augmentation with oxytocin. However, on comparing the cost of induction as per the mean doses used, the cost of induction with misoprostol was much lesser than that of cerviprime use.Conclusions: Oral use of Tab. misoprostol was not more efficacious than the use of cerviprime gel in induction of labour.
Study of perinatal outcomes in normal and borderline oligamnios
Authors: Prasad Divya R. , Nair Neelima V.
Published: December 2019

Background: Oligamnios is a common cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity, but the outcome of borderline oligamnios, defined as Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) between 5 and 8, is less clear. This study aims to find out the effect of borderline oligamnios on perinatal outcomes in pregnancies beyond 37 weeks.Methods: An observational prospective study of 131 antenatal mothers with AFI between 5 and 8, after 37 weeks of gestation was conducted in Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation from October 2017 to September 2019. These observations were compared with that of 131 antenatal mothers with normal AFI beyond 37 weeks of gestation. The observations according to fetal heart rate abnormalities, meconium staining of amniotic fluid, mode of delivery, low birth weight babies, APGAR score, the need of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions due to neonatal complications were statistically analysed.Results: Both groups were comparable with respect to age, parity and gestational age. In those with borderline oligamnios, fetal heart rate abnormality was seen in 21% (28), meconium stained amniotic fluid in 18% (23), 70% (91) delivered vaginally and 30% (40) underwent caesarean section, 31% (41) babies weighed below 2.5 kg and 21% (27) neonates needed NICU admissions. In those with normal AFI, none showed fetal heart rate abnormality, 2% (3) showed meconium staining, 93% (122) delivered vaginally and 7% (9) underwent caesarean section, 11% (14) babies weighed below 2.5 kg and 3% (4) neonates needed NICU admissions.Conclusions: Borderline oligamnios is associated with poor perinatal outcome. AFI can be used as an adjunct to other fetal surveillance methods. It helps to identify those infants at risk of poor perinatal outcome.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in preeclampsia
Authors: Thombarapu Uma , Dwarampudi Aruna Devi , Kodey Prabha Devi
Published: December 2019

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy is a clinico-radiological syndrome marked by headache, altered mental status, seizures, visual disturbances, and extensive white-matter changes, also known as hyper perfusion encephalopathy, brain capillary leak syndrome, and hypertensive encephalopathy. This syndrome was a possible consequence of several medical conditions but especially in pregnancy it is associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Objective of this study was to know the incidence and analyze the clinical features, biochemical, and radiological abnormalities in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) as a complication of preeclampsia.Methods: This was a one-year cross-sectional analytical study conducted at NRI general hospital, Chinakakani, Guntur of patients with the diagnosis of PRES. Data was obtained from medical records and analyzed them in terms of mean for continuous variables and percentages for categorical data.Results: Total no of patients diagnosed as PRES were 16 out of 127 patients of preeclampsia. Among them, 14 presented with eclampsia, and two presented with severe preeclampsia and imminent symptoms of eclampsia. Headache was the most common symptom (100%). PRES occurred at a peak SBP of ≥160 mmHg in 75% cases and peak DBP of ≥110 mmHg in 50% cases. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was ≥600 in 56.25% and serum uric acid level ≥6 in 50% of patients of PRES. The drug of choice was magnesium sulfate.Conclusions: Neuroimaging abnormality is a definitive component in the diagnosis of PRES. These cerebral abnormalities are vital components in the pathogenesis of eclampsia. Considerable number of patients of preeclampsia might develop PRES even without eclampsia, with mild elevation in BP, serum LDH, and serum uric acid levels.
A rare case of dicephalic parapagus conjoined twins
Authors: N’Guessan Edouard , N’Guessan Roseline Kouame , Gbeli Franck , Guie Privat
Published: December 2019

Dicephalic parapagus are one of the rare forms of conjoined twins. Their prognosis is usually very poor. Early prenatal diagnosis of these serious congenital abnormalities remains a real challenge for health systems in the low-income countries. The late antenatal diagnosis of a case of this abnormality was presented. The diagnosis was made at the 33rd week on the only ultrasound performed during the pregnancy. The pregnancy was interrupted with the agreement of the couple and delivery was performed by caesarean section.
Reproductive potential in a case of Mosaic Turners syndrome with 46XY karyotype
Authors: Balsarkar Geetha D. , Dalmia Rachana D. , Raut Namita N.
Published: December 2019

This article describes a case of 18year-old-female who presented with primary amenorrhea, phenotypic features of Turners syndrome, which was confirmed later by Karyotype to have mosaic 45XO(8)/46XY(22). She had delayed puberty and proved (hormonally) to have ovarian failure, with absent Mullerian structures (radiologically and laparoscopy).
Changes in the lifestyle and feeding habits that could improve the planet and human health: the reproductive case
Authors: Gutiérrez Alejandra María Gómez , Ramírez Briana D. Gómez , Maya Walter D. Cardona
Published: December 2019

There is a link between food systems, environment, and human health. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations-FAO, food production from animal and plant origin, using unsustainable agricultural practices with the excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides have adverse effects on the environment and could contaminate water sources and even the soil.1 Also, the production of food from animal origin is one of those responsible for the emission of greenhouse gases, fresh water expenditure, and soil loss. Therefore, with the current food consumption and unsustainable human practices, the future of humanity will be uncertain.
Comparison of the role of ultrasound guided transhepatic aspiration of gallbladder versus conservative management of acute calculous cholecystitis
Authors: Udupi Vivek Ramesh , Neogi Sushanto , Garg Anju
Published: December 2019

Background: Gall stone disease remains one of the most common medical problem leading to surgical intervention. Cholecystitis accounts for 3-10% of abdominal pain worldwide. Acute cholecystitis is the most common complication of cholelithiasis accounting for 14 to 30% of cholecystectomies performed in many countries. Symptoms in cholecystitis are due to impaction of stone and subsequent distention of gallbladder with inflammation. Study is aimed to clarify the role of ultrasound guided transhepatic gallbladder aspiration in the early management of acute calculous cholecystitis.Methods: The study was conducted in total of 40 patients presenting with acute cholecystitis. 20 patients underwent ultrasound guided transhepatic aspiration of gallbladder with antibiotics (group A) and 20 patients were given antibiotics only (group B). Data were collected before intervention and post intervention duration of stay, pain according to visual analog scale, leucocytosis and fever were recorded for analysis. No complications were related to aspiration procedure.Results: Both groups were comparable. Group A patients had better pain relief (p=0.0001 day on 2 and p=0.004 on day 3 post aspiration), percentage reduction of leucocyte count (p=0.041 on day 3) and duration of hospital stay (p=0.004) which were statistically significant.Conclusions: Ultrasound guided transhepatic aspiration of gall bladder with antibiotics in acute cholecystitis results in better pain profile, faster reduction in leucocyte count and shorter duration of hospital stay when compared to antibiotics alone.
Indications and complications of colostomy in newborn: our experience
Authors: Chanchlani Roshan , Shrivastava Dhirendra
Published: December 2019

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the indications, complications and outcome of colostomy in newborn patients.Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective study carried out in the Department of Pediatric surgery, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal to evaluate acceptance and outcome of colostomy in newborn over a one year period from March 2018 to March 2019. All newborn with diagnosis of anorectal malformation, Hirshsprungs disease and other emergency conditions underwent transverse loop colostomy by expert and trained pediatric surgeon.Results: Out of 40 patients operated complications of colostomy was seen in 18 (45%) patients. Most common complication was skin excoriation in 08 patients (20%), bleeding from stoma site in 02 (05%) cases. Stoma prolapse occurred in 02 (05%) patients. Wound infection, dehiscence, stomal stenosis and parastomal hernia was seen in one patient each 2 (2.5%). 2 (0.5%) patient died due to multiple congenital anomalies.Conclusions: Colostomy in children is associated with significant morbidity in developing country. To minimize these problems, the pediatric surgeon should focus on the management and early closure of a colostomy.
A comparative study of closure versus non-closure of hernial defect in laparoscopic ventral hernia mesh repair
Authors: M. Nandeesh , M. V. Akash
Published: December 2019

Background: Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair has better out comes when compared to open mesh repair. But closure of the hernial defect is still a contentious issue. This study is designed to compare the outcome of closure versus non-closure of hernia defect in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair.Methods: A 2 years prospective randomized controlled study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic ventral hernia repair in the Department of General Surgery (November 2016 to October 2018).Results: The patients in the two groups were analyzed using Chi-square, ANOVA, Fisher exact test, and results were formulated. The mean age of ventral hernia was 41 years and overall incidence more in females. Paraumbilical hernia is the commonest variety of ventral hernia and 63.3% hernias were reducible. Average post-operative length of hospital stay was 2 days with no difference in both the groups. Post-operative pain was more in intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) plus group. Seroma formation and Incidence of mesh bulge was found be more in IPOM group, but there was no difference in the incidence of chronic pain or recurrence rate between the two groups. All the above proved statistical significance.Conclusions: Primary defect closure in ventral hernia along with mesh placement in laparoscopy seems to have better outcome, with respect to less chance of seroma formation and mesh bulge.
Scalpel versus diathermy skin incision: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Mukherjee Monali Patole , Patole Mandar Madhukar
Published: December 2019

Background: Scalpel skin incision produces a clean, incised wound with minimal tissue destruction. Cutting diathermy also produces an incised wound that heals as well as the one that is created by cold scalpel but with an added advantage of achieving quick hemostasis and saving operative time. The main thing of the present study is to verify and compare the usefulness of diathermy skin incision vs. scalpel skin incision in general surgical patients.Methods: The study was conducted in Medical College and Hospital, in 60 patients randomly selected for diathermy and scalpel incision, between 14-65 years age group, between January 2011-June 2012. Post operative pain, seroma, hematoma, discharge were observed and results were analyzed and compared for the two groups using Mann-Whitney U Test.Results: Diathermy group, with incision related time of 6.20±0.97 sec/cm, was significantly quicker (p=0.003) than scalpel incision, with incision time of 6.76±0.84 sec/cm. Postoperative pain scores, recorded daily over five days, showed insignificant difference between the two groups.Conclusions: We demonstrate that the diathermy provides efficient cutting of skin, with no superior wound-healing profile, comparable to that of the traditional scalpel blade.
Operational Semantics of Annotated Reflex Programs
Authors: Anureev Igor S.
Published: December 2019

Reflex is a process-oriented language that provides a design of easy-to-maintain control software for programmable logic controllers. The language has been successfully used in a several reliability critical control systems, e. g. control software for a silicon single crystal growth furnace and electronic equipment control system. Currently, the main goal of the Reflex language project is to develop formal verification methods for Reflex programs in order to guarantee increased reliability of the software created on its basis. The paper presents the formal operational semantics of Reflex programs extended by annotations describing the formal specification of software requirements as a necessary basis for the application of such methods. A brief overview of the Reflex language is given and a simple example of its use – a control program for a hand dryer – is provided. The concepts of environment and variables shared with the environment are defined that allows to disengage from specific input/output ports. Types of annotations that specify restrictions on the values of the variables at program launch, restrictions on the environment (in particular, on the control object), invariants of the control cycle, pre- and postconditions of external functions used in Reflex programs are defined. Annotated Reflex also uses standard annotations assume, assert and havoc. The operational semantics of the annotated Reflex programs uses the global clock as well as the local clocks of separate processes, the time of which is measured in the number of iterations of the control cycle, to simulate time constraints on the execution of processes at certain states. It stores a complete history of changes of the values of shared variables for a more precise description of the time properties of the program and its environment. Semantics takes into account the infinity of the program execution cycle, the logic of process transition management from state to state and the interaction of processes with each other and with the environment. Extending the formal operational semantics of the Reflex language to annotations simplifies the proof of the correctness of the transformation approach to deductive verification of Reflex programs developed by the authors, transforming an annotated Reflex program to an annotated program in a very limited subset of the C language, by reducing a complex proof of preserving the truth of program requirements during the transformation to a simpler proof of equivalence of the original and the resulting annotated programs with respect to their operational semantics.
Safety Analysis of Longitudinal Motion Controllers during Climb Flight
Authors: Baar Thomas , Schulte Horst
Published: December 2019

During the climb flight of big passenger airplanes, the airplane’s vertical movement, i.e. its pitch angle, results from the elevator deflection angle chosen by the pilot. If the pitch angle becomes too large, the airplane is in danger of an airflow disruption at the wings, which can cause the airplane to crash. In some airplanes, the pilot is assisted by a software whose task is to prevent airflow disruptions. When the pitch angle becomes greater than a certain threshold, the software overrides the pilot’s decisions with respect to the elevator deflection angle and enforces presumably safe values. While the assistance software can help to prevent human failures, the software itself is also prone to errors and is - generally - a risk to be assessed carefully. For example, if software designers have forgotten that sensors might yield wrong data, the software might cause the pitch angle to become negative. Consequently, the airplane loses height and can - eventually - crash.

In this paper, we provide an executable model written in Matlab/Simulink® for the control system of a passenger airplane. Our model takes also into account the software assisting the pilot to prevent airflow disruptions. When simulating the climb flight using our model, it is easy to see that the airplane might lose height in case the data provided by the pitch angle sensor are wrong. For the opposite case of correct sensor data, the simulation suggests that the control system works correctly and is able to prevent airflow disruptions effectively.

The simulation, however, is not a guarantee for the control system to be safe. For this reason, we translate the Matlab/Simulink® -model into a hybrid program (HP), i.e. into the input syntax of the theorem prover KeYmaera. This paves the way to formally verify safety properties of control systems modelled in Matlab/Simulink®. As an additional contribution of this paper, we discuss the current limitations of our transformation. For example, it turns out that simple proportional (P) controllers can be easily represented by HP programs, but more advanced PD (proportional-derivative) or PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controllers can be represented as HP programs only in exceptional cases.
Problems with the Inseparability of Esse
Authors: Piwowarczyk Marek
Published: December 2019

One of the most important theses of Existential Thomism is that contingent things are composed of essence and existence. The thesis is immediately supplemented by a proviso that these components are not parts in the regular sense of the word. Essence and existence are not extended pieces of the thing which can be detached from it. They are inseparable aspects of the thing wherein inseparability is understood as a sort of dependence. In my paper I analyze the thesis of the inseparability of existence. For me this is untenable. I argue that this inseparability blocks up the essential function ascribed by Thomists to existence: the function of making the thing real. Thus to save this function we are forced to export existence to outside the thing. It contradicts our deep belief that existence is the most intimate aspect of the thing. Therefore the Thomistic analysis of existence seems to be invalid.
How Save Aquinas’s “Intellectus essentiae Argument” for the Real Distinction between Essence and Esse?
Authors: Twetten David
Published: December 2019

Aquinas’ so-called “Intellectus essentiae Argument” for the distinction between being and essence is notoriously suspect, including among defenders of Aquinas’ distinction. For the paper in this volume, I take as my starting point the recent defense of the argument by Fr. Lawrence Dewan, O.P. Fr. Dewan’s project is unsuccessful. Pointing out some shortcomings in his readings allows me to take up his call to highlight the “formal” or “quidditative side” of Aquinas’ metaphysics, in this case in regards to the proofs of the “real distinction.” Accordingly, the second half of this paper sets forth a way in which the famous “Intellectus essentiae Argument” of De Ente et Essentia 4 can succeed as a proof of the real distinction. Aquinas’ argument presupposes the prior real distinction between essence and supposit or individual substance. Esse is the ontological component that makes true our judgments that substances actually are: Obama exists. By contrast, this “truth-maker” cannot be predicated of humanity, although it is in Obama as really distinct from him. If Aquinas’ reasoning in this most contentious of his proofs can be saved, so, perhaps, can most of his other proofs.
Telaah ulang wacana haid dan istiḥāḍah pada akseptor keluarga berencana
Authors: Setiawan Wahyu
Published: December 2019

Penetapan hukum darah pervaginam dalam Islam secara umum menggunakan paradigma yang dapat disebut haid-cum-istiḥāḍah. Paradigma ini bertitik tolak pada identifkasi darah haid terlebih dahulu dengan melihat batas minimal, batas maksimal, atau berdasarkan karakter darah. Apabila tidak memenuhi syarat yang telah ditetapkan madhhab fiqh, maka darah disebut sebagai istiḥāḍah. Paradigma ini menjadi rancu ketika dihadapkan dengan ketidakteraturan menstruasi yang dialami akseptor KB hormonal. Darah pervaginam yang terjadi tidak dapat disebut sebagai haid baik menurut medis maupun literatur fiqh. Artikel ini menawarkan paradigma alternatif yang disebut istiḥāḍah-cum-haid. Sebuah paradigma yang merupakan hasil integrasi tiga kutub: interpretasi turāth, keilmuan medis, dan pengalaman empiris akseptor KB hormonal. Dialog ketiga kutub tersebut dibingkai dengan kerangka berpikir Loay Safi yang disebut Unified Approach to Textual and Contextual Analysis. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui kajian kitab-kitab fiqh perbandingan dan wawancara dengan 70 akseptor, 1 dokter spesialis kandungan, 5 bidan, dan 4 praktisi akademik kesehatan. Paradigma alternatif sebagai hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa darah pervaginam pada akseptor langsung ditetapkan sebagai istiḥāḍah. Tahap berikutnya berupa penetapan hari-hari haid bagi akseptor KB berdasar fiqh madhhab terkait ketentuan hukum mustaḥāḍah. The legal inference of vaginal blood in Islam generally adopts the paradigm called haid-cum-istiḥāḍah. The paradigm starts with the identification of menstrual blood by looking at minimum limit, maximum limit, or by blood characters. When the blood fails the requirements established by madhhab fiqh, it turns to the so-termed istiḥāḍah. The paradigm tends to be confusing when confronted with menstrual irregularities that happened on hormonal acceptors. The vaginal blood could not be categorized as menstrual by medical or fiqh literatures. This article offers an alternative paradigm called istiḥāḍah-cum-haid wich is built upon three building blocks namely: turāth interpretation, medical considerations, and empirical experiences of hormonal acceptors. These three building blocks were underpinned by Loay Safi’s thought called Unified Approach to Textual and Contextual Analysis. The data of this research were collected through studies on comparative fiqh literatures and interviews with 70 acceptors, 1 obstetrician-gynecologist, 5 midwifes, and 4 academicians in the field of medication. This alternative paradigm urges that vaginal blood acceptors treated as istiḥāḍah. Next to istiḥāḍah identification, is the establishment of menstruation days for acceptors based on fiqh madhhab related to mustaḥāḍah rules.
Quantification of Human Central Adipose Tissue Depots: An Anatomically Matched Comparison Between DXA and MRI
Authors: Crabtree Christopher D. , LaFountain Richard A. , Hyde Parker N. , Chen Chong , Pan Yue , Lamba Nathan , Sapper Teryn N. , Short Jay A. , Kackley Madison L. , Buga Alex , Miller Vincent J. , Scandling Debbie , Andersson Irma , Barker Samantha , Hu Houchun H. , Volek Jeff S. , Simonetti Orlando P.
Published: December 2019

Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and VAT volume relative to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) are associated with elevated health risks. This study compares fat measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In total, 21 control subjects (Control) and 16 individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) were scanned by DXA and MRI. The region measured by MRI was matched to the android region defined by DXA, and MRI reproducibility was also evaluated. In addition, liver fat fraction was quantified via MRI and whole-body fat by DXA. VAT measurements are interchangeable between DXA and MRI in the Control (R = 0.946), MetSyn (R = 0.968), and combined cohort (R = 0.983). VAT/SAT ratio did not differ in the Control group (P = .10), but VAT/SAT ratio measured by DXA was significantly higher in the MetSyn group (P < .01) and the combined (P = .03) cohort. Intraobserver (ICC = 0.998) and interobserver (ICC = 0.977) reproducibility of MRI VAT measurements was excellent. Liver fat fraction by MRI was higher (P = .001) in MetSyn (12.4% ± 7.6%) than in controls (2.6% ± 2.2%), as was whole-body fat percentage by DXA (P = .001) between the MetSyn (42.0% ± 8.1%) and Control groups (26.7% ± 6.9%). DXA and MRI VAT are interchangeable when measured over an anatomically matched region of the abdomen, while SAT and VAT/SAT ratio differ between the 2 modalities.