bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HYGIENIC SUBSTANTIATION OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS WITH THE USE OF THE INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING WATER ON INDICES OF CHEMICAL HARMLESSNESS AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SAFETY
Authors: Rakhmanin Yu. A. , Meltser A. V. , Kiselev A. V. , Erastova N. V.
Published: September 2019

Introduction. One of the key factors influencing on the quality of drinking water is the high level of water sources of the pollution, leading to the need for large-scale water treatment. There are remained risks, the consequence of which may lead to the deterioration of the quality of drinking water which is conveyed to the population. It is necessary to introduce effective technologies of water treatment, informative and reliable approaches for the assessment of epidemiological safety and harmlessness of drinking water. One of the priority directions is the development and use of methods of the integral assessment of drinking water quality. Aim of the study. For this purpose there was developed a method for the integral assessment of drinking water relying upon indices of the chemical harmlessness and a method for the comprehensive assessment of the risk of bacterial intestinal infections transmitted by water. There is proposed a method of assessing the quality of drinking water in terms of epidemiological safety, based on the fundamental principles, and providing a probabilistic approach to the assessment of health risk. Conclusion. The development, argumentation and implementation of the method of the integral assessment of the probabilistic health risk with the combined effect of chemical and microbiological agents contained in drinking water remain to be actual.
WORKING CONDITIONS FOR EMPLOYEES OF THE ENTERPRISE OF WOODWORKING INDUSTRY
Authors: Petrova N. N. , Panshina V. S. , Figurovsky A. P. , Topanov I. O.
Published: September 2019

The hygienic assessment of working conditions at the modern furniture company showed such conditions at main work places are referred to the third class of the first and second degrees of the hazard and danger. The most adverse working conditions (3 class, 2 degree) are typical for operators of woodworking machines, machine operator in a spray booth for the edges of the sorter-stacker at the discharge conveyor line trim boards and spray the frames, the sorter-stacker at the feed conveyor panels of finish line rollers. Man-made noise, low lightness of working places, and the hardness of the labor process are most harmful occupational factors. Implementation of paint operations on processing of furniture components is further accompanied by the air pollution of the working area by chemicals and exposure of the body of the worker to the heating microclimate of radiation-convection type. Most of workplaces are characterized by summing the classes of working conditions on a number of factors. It indicates to their complex impact on the body of the worker. The assessment of the risk of occupational hearing loss showed the most probability of its development in machine operators and packers.
WORK-PLACE CONDITIONS AND HEALTH OF WORKERS IN BUILDING MATERIALS INDUSTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ACCORDING TO 40-YEARS CLINICAL AND HYGIENIC RESEARCH
Authors: Retnev V. M. , Grebenkov S. V. , Boiko I. V. , Milutka E. V. , Dedkova L. E.
Published: September 2019

Introduction. Building materials industry, including the production of clay and ceramic building bricks, cement, concrete products, saw building stone, sawn wood, granite blocks and rubble, is one of the most important economy units, prompting authors to generalize research data about working conditions and the incidence of occupational diseases in the main production building materials industry/ The data were accumulated during many years. Material and methods. Research methods included a comprehensive study of the working conditions of employees at enterprises of construction materials industry, followed by in-depth periodic medical examination. Then, with statistical methods (determination of the confidence interval index of the binomial distribution) calculated confidence interval for the prevalence of patients with an established diagnosis of occupational diseases in similar enterprises. Results. Results of 40-years research on occupational hazards parameters and physical examination of workers employed at productions of clay and ceramic bricks, cement, armed concrete, saw building stone, lumber wood, granite blocks crush stone were summarized because of the absence of complex estimation of work-place conditions and incidence of occupational diseases in main production of building materials industry. Typical occupational hazards were established for the every production. Many productions show the greatest disadvantage concerning levels of physical overload that was neglected by specialists in occupational health and safety for many years. The prevalence of patients suffering from chronic occupational diseases was predicted for employees of investigated productions and the most relevant forms of occupational pathology were determined. About 7.7% of workers in investigated productions appeared to suffer from occupational diseases that were not timely diagnosed. This figure is approximately 10 times higher than official statistics. The dependence of the prevalence of patients with occupational diseases from the level of technological modernization of production was revealed. If we can accept the proportion of patients with occupational diseases among employees working in the complex automated production (the highest degree of organization of labor) for referent unit than at the enterprises with the other technologies the proportion will be different: automated production - 10, mechanical work - 4, mechanical hand work - 5, hand work - 3.
АSSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL RISK DRIVERS OF SPECIALIZED VEHICLES
Authors: Grebenkov S. V. , Dovgysha L. V. , Kolesova E. B. , Sukhova Ya. M. , Fedorova S. B. , Shvalev O. V. , Shimanskaya T. G.
Published: September 2019

Introduction. The problem of preservation of the health of drivers is a topical for most of countries. In the process of working, the mentioned group is exposed to a complex of harmful occupational factors, that both leads to an elevated increased risk for health disorders and increases the risk of road accidents. However, in available sources it was not possible to reveal reports devoted to the study of the impact of the labor conditions of drivers on various health indices on the base of the methodology of occupational risk assessment. The aim of the study is to assess the occupational risk for drivers of specialized vehicles on the basis of indices of pathological affection, calculated on the results of periodic medical examinations. Material and Methods. As a core group there were selected truck drivers (n = 1050), as a comparison group - engineering and technical personnel of the enterprise (n = 1220), matched by age and social indices. The assessment of the occupational morbidity rate was carried out on the base of the analysis of fourfold tables with the use of c2 criteria. The assessment of the degree of the occupational dependence was executed with the calculation of risk indices in accordance with the Guidelines for Risk Assessment. Results. In the course of the study there were obtained results showing drivers to suffer most frequently from diseases of eyes (65.4%), circulatory system (46.6%) and digestive system (11.6%). The main reason for the recognition of drivers as unfit to drive vehicles is hypertension at the II stage and above (71.1%). Also, there is noted an increased occupational risk in drivers for such diseases such as hypertension at the I stage (RR=2.2, CI95%=1.8-2.8, EF=54.5%, a high degree of the relationship with the work); encephalopathy of the vascular genesis (RR = 1.6, CI95%=1.1-2.4, EF = 37.5%), moderate degree of the relationship with the work in the age of older 60 years - is very high); dorsopathies at the lumbosacral level (RR=2.9, CI95%=1.6-5.3, EF=65.7%), a high degree of the relationship with the work at the age of over 50 is almost total); sensorineural hearing loss (RR=1.2, CI95%=0.7-2.0, EF=16.4%), a low degree of the relationship with the work over the age of older 60 years - moderate); hyperopia (RR=2.1, CI95%=1.7-2.5, EF=52.4%, a high degree of the relationship with the work), which determines the priority of preventive measures in relation to these diseases. The potential effect of the preventive measures is most pronounced for the circulatory system diseases in total (NNT = 13.6) and hypertensive disease at the I stage (NNT = 10.0).
ORGANIZATION OF UNDERGRADUATE TRAINING OF DOCTORS FOR THE WORK WITH THE POPULATION ON PROMOTING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND A COMMITMENT TO MEASURES OF MEDICAL PREVENTION
Authors: Mishkich I. A. , Kadyskina E. N. , Baimakov E. A. , Aluf O. B.
Published: September 2019

The research includes the assessment of the lifestyle factors of the major players of the educational process (students and teachers) in the modern medical school, the analysis of sources of knowledge on a healthy lifestyle and preventive measures, the awareness of a healthy lifestyle; the development and testing of new educational programs for training students and teachers, developing tactics on improving medical education to meet practical needs of the network of health care facilities and institutions of the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor). Medical and sociological studies of lifestyle factors of students showed 62.9% of respondents to have insufficient sleep duration. Lack of exercise is the second most frequent factor(51.7%). 31.1% of students noted disturbances of the dietary pattern. 20.0% of the surveyed students were cigarette smokers. 12.7% of students regularly gambled mostly with the use a computer. 2.8% of respondents admitted that they regularly used drugs and 1.7 % of respondents drank alcohol every day. The data obtained show the lifestyle of a substantial proportion of the future doctors to be failed to be considered healthy. Analysis of the sources of students’ knowledge on a healthy lifestyle shows 59.9% of them to gain knowledge in the process of becoming a doctor, 42.7% - from specialized professional literature. However, a substantial proportion of the students receive the information about the preventive health care measures from the nonprofessional sources. For the improvement of the educational process and preservation of health of major players we consider a comprehensive interdisciplinary program that includes specialized courses for the first and fifth year students, advanced training sessions for teachers and the consolidated program on preventive health care and health promotion in all disciplines of undergraduate training to be necessary.
VALPROIC ACID AS A REFERENCE SUBSTANCE FOR THE STUDY OF THE MOLECULAR-GENETIC MECHANISM OF OBESOGENITY OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS
Authors: Aksenova M. G. , Sinitsyna O. O. , Kirillov A. V. , Kozlova O. B. , Burd S. G.
Published: September 2019

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its derivatives are recognized as obesogens. Clinically used valproic acid (VPA) as a drug is structurally similar to PFOA. The objective of the investigation was to study the molecular-genetic mechanism of the weight gain by patients taking the VPA drugs and correlation with candidate genes involved in the metabolism of medium chain fatty acids. Weight and basal insulin level were evaluated in 238 patients both before and after 12 months of VPA treatment. Genotyping of SNPs rs1801282, C>G (Pro12Ala) gene PPARγ and rs1799883, G>A (Ala54Thr) gene FABP2 were performed with TaqMan Real-Time PCR Assay. Women who gained weight were genotyped «СС» for the rs1801282 PPARγ gene and appeared to have significantly higher insulin level (26.3±1.7 uU/ml) as compared to women with the same genotype and without weight gain (14.9±3.1 uU/ml). Similarly, men who gained weight and were genotyped «СС» for the rs1801282 PPARγ gene, showed significantly higher insulin level (25.4±1.8 uU/ml) as compared to men with the same genotype and without weight gain (13.,3±2.9 uU/ml). Women who gained weight and were genotyped «AA» or «AG» for the rs1799883 FABP2 gene had significantly higher insulin level (32.1±1.7 uU/ml) as compared to women with the same genotype and without weight gain (17.1±3.2 uU/ml). No correlation of insulin levels with weight gain and genotypes were identified for men. Obesogens, structurally similar to the medium chain fatty acids (in particular PFOA and analogues), can affect weight gain through the development of insulin resistance.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS AND LEVEL OF HEALTH RISK FOR AIR POLLUTANTS
Authors: Suchkov V. V. , Semaeva E. A.
Published: September 2019

There was executed the complex assessment of air pollution in the city Novokuibyshevsk in 2014. There were outlined basic chemicals exceeding hygienic standards, as well as causing both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk. Average concentrations of pollutants were shown to fail to exceed the average daily maximum permissible concentration, and on the basis of this air pollution index in the city of Novokuibyshevsk was the low in 2014. However, air pollution in the city of Novokuibyshevsk decreased not due to the reduction of the concentration of priority pollutants, but as a result of the revision of the admissible values for formaldehyde concentrations. Individual carcinogenic risks to the health of children under 18 years according to hexavalent chromium, benzene and formaldehyde exceeded the border of maximum permissible risk, and were attributed to the third reference range of risk values in accordance with the R 2.1.10.1920-04. The carcinogenic risk to the health of adults and the population of the city of Novokuibyshevsk as a whole was in the third reference range boundaries only for hexavalent chromium. However, the overall carcinogenic risk for health of children aged up to 18 years amounted to 1.18∙10-3 and moved into a fourth reference range boundaries. The total index of danger with all substances, the content of which was monitored in the ambient air in the city of Novokuibyshevsk, accounted for 17.74 and also demanded measures to reduce air pollution in the near future.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ADMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS OF FORMALDEHYDE ON THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Rukavishnikov V. S. , Efimova N. V. , Mylnikova I. V. , Zhurba O. M.
Published: September 2019

Formaldehyde is the one of the most dangerous toxic substances to human health. The purpose of research is to evaluate the functional state of the central nervous system in children with different levels of excretion of formaldehyde. There were examined 220 children (100 boys and 120 girls) aged of 11-17 years. There was used a complex of psychophysiological methods allowing to study cognitive features, power and performance of the central nervous system. Among the cognitive functions there were studied: gnosis (the perception and processing of information); sensorimotor coordination, attention. The formaldehyde concentration in urine was found to be in the range of values of conditional norms. Children were distributed into three groups in dependence on the formaldehyde concentration in urine. Children with the lowest level of excretion of formaldehyde were noted to possess an average speed of visual-motor reaction, a high level of sensorimotor coordination, middle level of the volume, distribution and shiftability of attention. In children with intermediate values of formaldehyde there were revealed the functional level of the system assessed as low, impaired performance of the CNS and sensorimotor coordination, shiftability of attention below average. The functional state of the central nervous system in children with the most high urinary excretion of formaldehyde, corresponding to the upper range of values, was differed by the low functional level of the system, decreased performance and sensorimotor coordination, volume, distribution and shiftability of attention below average level. In children from this group there was established the negative correlation between the concentration of formaldehyde in the urine and indices of the tapping test (the number of taps, the initial rate of speed). The tests revealed psychophysiological signs of the deterioration in the functional state of the central nervous system in children with the increasing of formaldehyde concentration in the urine.
SOMATOTYPOLOGIC ESTIMATION OF STUDENTS-YOUTHS WITH THE DIFFERENT LEVEL OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE
Authors: Kolokoltsev M. M.
Published: September 2019

The prevention of different diseases among students must be based on the need for the individualization of all health saving technologies with taking into account the type of constitution, dynamics of its development, interrelation with the physical activity and the functional state. Purpose of the work is to give the characteristic of somatotypes of the constitution of the students-youths of the Irkutsk region with taking into account special features of their functional state. There were examined 1014 students-youths aged of 17-20 years, referred due to the health status for the occupations by physical culture to the I -1 (basic) functional group and 275 students referred to IV group (group Curable Physical Culture). For somatotyping and constitutional diagnostics there was used the procedure by R.N. Dorokhov, V.G. Petrukhina (1989). There were established significant differences in the types of constitution in the youths of the I and IV functional groups. This is manifested by the fact that microsomic (MiS) type youths are recorded in the IV functional group by 2 times less frequent than in the I group, but by 1.4 time more frequent than macrosomic (MaS) students. There was revealed the large number of youths referred to transitional somatotypes who have the retarded variant of the development. The component content of the body of youths in both functional groups according to the bone mass is somewhat lower than standard, fat is above standard in both groups, muscular mass is in limits of standard range in the I functional group and is descended in the IV group. In a somatotypologic set of both functional groups from MiS to MegS to type there is noted a reduction of the absolute and relative content of muscular mass and the gain of fat. The insufficient content of muscular mass in students of IV functional group is related with their low physical activity, that is confirmed by reliably poor development of the muscular force of right and left wrist of hands.
HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF NUTRITION OF CONVICTS SERVING SENTENCES IN PENAL COLONIES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Timerzyanov M. I. , Pivovarov Yu. P.
Published: September 2019

The issues of nutrition of convicts, for years of existence of the Soviet Union and currently, are not studied completely. Citizens detained in penitentiary institutions (PI) have specific socio-demographic characteristics. Along with the unsatisfactory sanitary conditions for convicts in the colonies, the hygienic assessment of their nutrition becomes important. Without proper hygienic evaluation of food it is impossible to develop effective interventions to improve their health. Taking this into account, the article shows the hygienic assessment of the actual nutrition of convicts over the period of 2009-2012, according to 320 menu layouts accepted by the Order Ministry of Justice of Russia, No. 125, August, 2005. There are presented data on caloric value of diets of persons sentenced to imprisonment in penal colonies in the Republic of Tatarstan, provision of the body by proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium. There is given the analysis of the ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diet of prisoners, as well as calcium and phosphorus.
MYCOBIOTA OF SOILS OF URBAN TERRITORIES WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD
Authors: Khaldeeva Elena V. , Bayazitova A. A. , Lisovskaya S. A. , Glushko N. I. , Parshakov V. R.
Published: September 2019

Anthropogenic forcing has a huge impact on the formation of the ecosystem of modern cities, including the composition of the mycobiota of the urban environment. The paper presents the results of mycological studies of soil samples taken in the city of Kazan in areas divided into recreational and transport functional areas with different levels of anthropogenic load. More than 60 species of fungi belonging to 15 genera, including 20 species common to soils in both zones were identified. Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Rhizomucor sp., Trichoderma viride were shown to dominate in undisturbed natural areas, and in soils of the urban environment there was much more often found the presence of Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Candida sp., Rhizopus sp., Trichophyton sp. In areas with good natural light the percentage of samples with low contamination by fungi was established to be significantly higher than in shaded areas: 16.7% and 7.1% in the recreational area; and 12.5% and 0% in the transport zone correspondingly. Potentially pathogenic species of fungi were detected in 80% of samples of recreational and in 95% of samples of transport areas. Dark-colored species (including Aspergillus, Alternaria, etc.) were shown to be more common in soils of transport zone, and Trichophyton sp. and Scopulariopsis sp. - in soils of recreational zone. The evaluation of mycological hazard index allowed to estimate the condition of the soil of Kazan as satisfactory for 80% of sites of recreational and 65% - of the transport area. The average value of the mycological hazard index for recreational areas was 2.7 and for the transport areas - 4.2. Results indicate to regular mycological monitoring would be desirable for the normalization of the mycological environment, significantly reducing the risk of mycosis, mycotoxicosis and mycogenic allergies, and should help to ensure sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population.
La aportación del marco penal español para erradicar la corrupción transnacional: una doble vía inacabada = The contribution of the Spanish criminal law to eradicate transnational bribery: half way through a dual system
Authors: Arvelo Rodríguez Pablo
Published: September 2019

Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio es proceder a un análisis crítico de la normativa española en materia de corrupción internacional. Además de las cuestiones generales, se abordan aspectos controvertidos de la materia, como la inclusión de los pagos de facilitación, el concepto de transacción económica internacional, la relevancia del error de tipo en estos casos o la esterilidad de ciertos instrumentos de represión por cuestiones procesales. Este análisis aboca a concluir la necesidad de determinadas reformas legislativas, fundamentalmente de la LOPJ; si bien estas parecen ser tan pertinentes como una serie de medidas de concienciación social. Palabras clave:  cohecho, transacción económica internacional, pagos de facilitación, principio de personalidad activa, pseudo-atipicidad. Abstract: The aim of this research is carrying out a critical analysis about the Spanish law concerning international bribery. After studying the general matters, some controversial aspects regarding the topic are addressed, such as the inclusion of facilitation payments, the concept of international business, the importance of the so called “error de tipo” in these cases or the futility of certain rules because of procedural issues. This analysis leads to conclude that committing reforms in this field is necessary, especially in the procedural aspect. Yet, such reforms seem to be as relevant as a battery of policies to promote greater social awareness. Keywords: bribery, international business, facilitation payments, active personality principle, “pseudo non-criminality”.
Comentario a Max Weber: “Prestigio del poder y sentimiento nacional” = Comment on Max Weber: “Prestigio del poder y sentimiento nacional”
Authors: Abellán García Joaquín
Published: September 2019

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Cooperação e desenvolvimento econômico local
Authors: Gondin Pollyanna Rodrigues , Shima Walter Tadahiro
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar o papel do Estado, das políticas públicas e das universidades frente ao processo inovativo que ocorre nos polos de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) de Coimbra (IPN) e de Curitiba (APL de Software). A partir da análise da teoria e das entrevistas realizadas, pretende-se verificar como os dois polos potenciam a transferência de conhecimento e aprendizado entre os agentes bem como a atuação das universidades e do governo. O referencial teórico adotado refere-se as aglomerações de empresas segundo a abordagem neoschumpeteriana.A técnica de pesquisa empregada pautou-se em entrevistas orientadas por questionário, que foram realizadas nos anos de 2015 (Coimbra) e 2016 (Curitiba). Defende-se que o ambiente institucional, as políticas públicas e os diversos atores vão impactar decisivamente nos processos de cooperação, de transferência de conhecimento e aprendizado, tanto formal quanto informal.
Sedação paliativa em oncologia pediátrica: relato de casos
Authors: Pinto Filho Washington Aspilicueta , Silveira Lara de Holanda Jucá , Vale Mariana Lima , Gomes Josenília Maria Alves
Published: September 2019

Introdução: a instituição de cuidados paliativos em crianças portadoras de câncer terminal enfrenta vários percalços, principalmente em casos de dificuldade no controle sintomatológico da doença. Objetivos: este estudo descreve a experiência do serviço do Centro Pediátrico de Câncer (CPC) do Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin (HIAS) em casos de aplicação de sedação paliativa e na elaboração de protocolos de indicação, prática e cuidados especiais. Métodos: elaborado e aplicado algoritmo de sedação paliativa para controle sintomatológico em crianças e adolescentes de 2 a 17 anos. Os sintomas foram classificados em vias viscerais ou psiquiátricas. Também foram abordadas boas condutas em sedação para individualização e variedade de tratamentos, alívio de sintoma refratário e bom controle álgico. Resultados: encontrou-se persistência dos sintomas em alguns indivíduos, mas a terapêutica com benzodiazepínicos e opioides mostrou-se satisfatória com o algoritmo utilizado. O tempo médio de internação foi longo e o período desde o início dos cuidados paliativos ao óbito foi altamente variável (2 a 15 dias). Conclusão: o algoritmo foi útil em estabelecer meios efetivos e seguros de guiar a sedação pediátrica. Os cuidados paliativos devem ser pensados em conjunto com profissionais qualificados na área de modo que envolva o alívio dos sintomas físicos e mentais do paciente.
Eficiência da calda bordaleza e sulfocálcica em diferentes concentrações e idade de planta no controle de doenças foliares de maracujá-doce em cultivo orgânico
Authors: Ming Lin Chau , Almeida Chrystian Iezid Maia , Marques Márcia Ortiz Mayo , Conceição Danila Monte , Yuhara Tiago , Leonel Sarita , Tavares Rodrigo de Castro , Silva Joedna
Published: September 2019

O complexo de doenças foliares que acometem a cultura do maracujá, em especial, a do maracujá-doce (Passiflora allata) comprometem a produtividade e qualidade de frutos e de suas superfícies fotossintética. Contudo, o P. allata, é utilizado também como medicinal, sendo as folhas, a parte utilizada para este fim. Desta forma, o enfoque de estudos voltados para o manejo agronômico do P. allata para produção de matéria prima para fim farmacêutico, diverge, pelo menos em parte, do enfoque da produção de frutos. Portanto, avaliou-se o efeito das caldas bordaleza e sulfocálcica em diferentes concentrações e idades de plantas sobre doenças causadoras de manchas foliares do P. allata. O experimento foi instalado em condições de campo em blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições de 10 plantas cada. Os tratamentos foram: a) calda bordalesa a 0,5 e 1,0%;  b) calda sulfocálcica a 0,5 e 1,0% a partir de solução matriz a 27º Baumé  e c) testemunha (sem pulverização). O tratamento com calda sulfocalcica a 05 % promoveu o menor índice de doença e a maior eficiência relativa de controle associada à menor taxa de desenvolvimento da doença com a idade do cultivo.
Determining the basic composition and total phenolic compounds of Pleurotus sajor-caju cultivated in three different substrates by solid state bioprocess
Authors: Da Paz Marcelo Fossa , Breyer Carlos Alexandre , Longhi Rafael Fontana , Oviedo Manuel Salvador Vicente Plata
Published: September 2019

Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju) were grown in grape bagasse, apple pomace or bean straw. Samples were taken for each one of the substrates and analyzed for moisture, ash, carbohydrate, crude fat, crude fiber, crude protein content and total phenolic compounds. The substrate affected all the parameter content and mainly the total phenolic compounds. In general, the nutritional aspects of mushrooms produced using grape bagasse tended to be better. Changes in the total phenolic compound content of the fruit could be explained by the biosorption capacity from substrate. It was possible to confirm that composition depends on cultivation substrate.
Desempenho agronômico de cultivares de girassol no sul do Estado Tocantins
Authors: Capone Aristóteles , Dos Santos Elonha Rodrigues , Ferraz Emerson Castro , Dos Santos Adão Felipe , De Oliveira Juara Leme , Barros Hélio Bandeira
Published: September 2019

O cultivo de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) pode ser realizado em vários momentos e locais durante o ano agrícola. No estado do Tocantins, a cultura pode ser explorada em lavouras na região do cerrado e em consórcios em terras baixas sub-irrigadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos tempos de balanço em Gurupi-TO e Formoso de Araguaia-TO, com cinco cultivares de girassol. Foi instalado quatro vezes no Gurupi-TO e um no Formoso-TO. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com 25 tratamentos e três repetições. Foram cinco vezes: EP1 (24/11/2008), EP2 (12/12/2008), EP3 (18/12/2008) e EP4 (30/12/2008) em Gurupi-TO e Formoso (07/04) / 2009) no Formoso do Araguaia-TO, com cinco cultivares: H250, H251, H358, H360 e H884. Houve interação significativa entre épocas e cultivares para as características: floração, altura das plantas, aquênios normais, peso de mil aquênios, peso de hectolitros e produtividade de aquênios. Em Gurupi-TO, houve uma influência negativa para todas as características avaliadas, pois as semeaduras foram adiadas, devido à incidência de Alternaria helianthi. Produtividade próxima a 3000 kg ha-1 foi obtida em Gurupi (EP1) e o consórcio em Formoso do Araguaia. As cultivares mais produtivas foram as H251 e H358, quando cultivadas em EP1 e EP5.
Aclimatização de plantas micropropagadas de videira cv. Bordô (Vitis labrusca L.) em diferentes substratos
Authors: Schuck Mariane Ruzza , Lipski Bernardo , Silva André Luís Lopes da , Carvalho Dayse Cristina de , Biasi Luiz Antônio
Published: September 2019

O substrato deve promover o crescimento das plantas, sendo um componente importante durante a aclimatação das plantas micropropagadas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes substratos durante a aclimatação da uva de raposa cv. Bordô. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação nos meses de fevereiro e março de 2009. Cinco substratos foram testados: Plantmax® HT, Plantmax® HT: fibra de coco (7,5: 2,5 v / v), Plantmax® HT: fibra de coco ( 1: 1 v / v), Plantmax® HT: fibra de coco (2,5: 7,5 v / v) e fibra de coco. O processo de aclimatação consistiu em três fases. Após 20 dias de cultura in vitro, foi removido o filme de PVC (cloreto de polivinil) que cobria os frascos e após dois dias, os frascos tinham tampas abrindo parcialmente por duas horas nas condições da sala de crescimento. As plantas foram transferidas para os diferentes substratos e colocadas em casa de vegetação com nebulização intermitente durante 16 dias seguidos por 20 dias de irrigação manual diária. O melhor substrato para aclimatação da uva de raposa cv. O Bordô foi o Plantmax® HT, beneficiando a formação de raízes e parte aérea das plantas. A fibra de coco não deve ser usada sozinha como substrato ou em proporções maiores que 25% na mistura com Plantmax® HT.
Production of Bioethanol from Rice Straw Assisted by Cellulosic Enzyme Oyster Mushroom Stem Using Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF)
Authors: Julianto Tatang Shabur , S M. Arsyik Kurniawan , Arifin Ikhwan
Published: September 2019

Bioethanol is an alternative energy source to replace fossil fuels that can be produced from agricultural waste such as rice straw. The fermentation process can help hydrolyze lignocellulosic compounds in rice straw into simple sugars and convert them into bioethanol. This study aims to determine the effect of fermentation time and the amount of intracellular cellulase enzyme extract from oyster mushroom stem on the levels of biethanol produced. The method used in making bioethanol is Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF). The bioethanol produced was then analyzed by gas chromatography and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The result showed that the highest level of bioethanol was 14.52% obtained at 10 days fermentation time and the amount  of cellulase enzyme extract was 25 mL.
Salinity Tolerance in Fraxinus Angustifolia Vahl. Seed Emergence in the Field and Germination Trials
Authors: Raddi Sabrina , Mariotti Barbara , Martini Sofia , Pierguidi Alberto
Published: September 2019

The effect of salinity on seed germination/emergence in narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) was studied both under field and laboratory conditions, in order to detect critical values to NaCl exposure. Research Highlights: Novel statistical methods in germination ecology has been applied (i) to determine the effects of chilling length and salinity (up to 150 mM NaCl) on Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa seed emergence, and (ii) to estimate threshold limits treating germination response to salinity as a biomarker. Background and Objectives: Salinity cut values at germination stage had relevant interest for conservation and restoration aims of Mediterranean floodplain forests in coastal areas subjected to salt spray exposure and/or saline water introgression. Results: Salinity linearly decreased germination/emergence both in the field and laboratory tests. Absence of germination was observed at 70 mM NaCl in the field and at 150 mM NaCl for 4-week (but not for 24-week) chilling. At 50 mM NaCl germination percentage was 50% (or 80%) of control for 4-week (or 24- week) chilling. Critical values for salinity were estimated between freshwater and 50 (75) mM NaCl for 4-week (24-week) chilling by Bayesian analysis. After 7-week freshwater recovery, critical cut-off values included all tested salinity levels up to 150 mM NaCl, indicating a marked resumption of seedling emergence. Conclusions: Fraxinus angustifolia is able to germinate at low salinity and to tolerate temporarily moderate salinity conditions for about two months. Prolonged chilling widened salinity tolerance.
A Complex Systems Analysis of Cancer Networks
Authors: Uthamacumaran Abicumaran
Published: September 2019

Cancers remain the lead cause of disease-related, pediatric death in North America. The emerging field of complex systems has redefined cancer networks as a computational system with intractable algorithmic complexity. Herein, a tumor and its heterogeneous phenotypes are discussed as dynamical systems having multiple, strange attractors. Machine learning, network science and algorithmic information dynamics are discussed as current tools for cancer network reconstruction. Deep Learning architectures and computational fluid models are proposed for better forecasting gene expression patterns in cancer ecosystems. Cancer cell decision-making is investigated within the framework of complex systems and complexity theory.
Beyond the Toolpath: Site-Specific Melt Pool Size Control Enables Printing of Extra-Toolpath Geometry in Laser-Wire Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Gibson Brian T. , Richardson Brad S. , Sundermann Taylor W. , Love Lonnie J.
Published: September 2019

A variety of techniques have been utilized in metal additive manufacturing (AM) for melt pool size management, including modeling and feed-forward approaches. In a few cases, closed-loop control has been demonstrated. In this research, closed-loop melt pool size control for large-scale, laser-wire based Directed Energy Deposition is demonstrated with a novel modification: site-specific changes to the controller set-point were commanded at trigger points, the locations of which were generated by the projection of a secondary geometry onto the primary 3D-printed component geometry. The present work shows that, through this technique, it is possible to print a specific geometry that occurs beyond the actual toolpath of the print head. This is denoted as an extra-toolpath geometry and is fundamentally different from other methods of generating component features in metal AM. A proof-of-principle experiment is presented in which a complex oak leaf geometry was embossed on an otherwise ordinary double-bead wall made from Ti-6Al-4V. The process is introduced and characterized primarily from a controls perspective with reports on the performance of the control system, the melt pool size response, and the resulting geometry. The implications of this capability, which extend beyond localized control of bead geometry to the potential mitigations of defects and functional grading of component properties, are discussed.
EFFECT OF POLYMER MIXTURE ON BIOPLASTIC DEVELOPMENT FROM FISH WASTE
Authors: Neves Eleda Maria Paixão Xavier , Pereira Rayanne Rocha , Pereira Glauce Vasconcelos da Silva , Pereira Gleice Vasconcelos da Silva , Vieira Lorena Limão , Lourenço Lúcia de Fátima Henriques
Published: September 2019

The bioconversion of protein from the fishing industry waste into bioplastics allows the valorization of biological material, reducing the production of waste and consequently of negative environmental impacts through the use of synthetic packaging. The objective of this work was to develop biodegradable films from the mixture of gelatin and myofibrillar fish proteins. Proteins (myofibrillar and gelatin) were extracted from filleting residues from king weakfish (Macrodon ancylodon) from industrial fishing. The properties of the blend films were compared to those of individual protein films. It was found by scanning electron microscopy that there was good compatibility between the two polymers. Mechanical analyzes showed that myofibrillar proteins films were the most resistant to traction, but less flexible; characteristics contrary to those of gelatin. The mixing films presented the lowest values of water vapor permeability and solubility were transparent, and mechanically strong and flexible, confirming the improvement of the properties by mixing the polymers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that there was interaction between the myofibrillar protein chains and gelatine driven by hydrogen bonds, thus forming cohesive and reinforced matrix, which resulted in good thermal resistance of the films. The mixture between polymers improved the technological properties of the elaborated biodegradable films, making its application feasible as food packaging.
KARAKTERISTIK FISIK, KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK VEGETABLE LEATHER CABAI HIJAU (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI PEKTIN
Authors: Permatasari Putri Devi , Parnanto Nur Her Riyadi , Ishartani Dwi
Published: September 2019

Vegetable leather is a thin sheet-shaped product made of vegetables (puree) are processed by drying method. Green chilli contains high vitamin C, low calories value 23 cal/100 gr and contain fibers which is quite high as 1.3 g/100 g. In this study, pectin hydrocolloid was added to improve less plastic texture in vegetable leather. The purpose of this research is to identify the influence of the variation concentration of pectin against physical characteristics (tensile strength), chemical (water activity, moisture content, ash contain, vitamin C, fiber and calories value) and organoleptic (colour, flavour, taste, texture, and overall) vegetable leather green chilies as well as knowing the best concentration of pectin that based on physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics of vegetable leather green chilies. Experimental design used in this research was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) based upon one factor which was the effects of pectin concentration addition. Research data were analyzed by one way ANOVA method and continued using DMRT analysis on the significance level α = 0.05,  if there were significant differences between the means. The result showed that variations in the concentration of pectin have significant effect on water activity, moisture content, ash contain, and fiber. However, the variations of pectin concentration does not affect the value of tensile strength, vitamin C and calories value. Based on the analysis of physical, chemical, and organoleptic shows the vegetable leather green chili with the addition of 0.3% pectin is the best formula. Vegetable leather green chilies with 0.3% pectin concentration has tensile strength 4.6866 N, water activity 0.55, moisture content (wb) 14.959%, ash contain (db) 19.209%, food fiber (db) 15.795%, calories value 3.015,551 cal/g.  
KARAKTERISTIK FISIK, KIMIA DAN SENSORI COOKIES BERBAHAN DASAR TEPUNG KOMPOSIT UWI (Dioscorea alata), KORO GLINDING (Phaseolus lunatus) DAN TEPUNG TERIGU
Authors: Kurniawan Junjung Agung , Anandito R. Baskara Katri , Siswanti Siswanti
Published: September 2019

Functional food is processed foods containing one or more food components having certain physiological functions beyond their basic functions, proven not harmful and beneficial to health. Sources of functional food are found in local food as yam and lima beans. Yam and lima beans has a high water content that is not durable, then made a handler that is used as composite flour. Along with the development of snack products such as pastries are increasingly varied, then necessary to develop new products to improve the quality of existing products both in terms of nutritional content and appearance. This research to determine the effect of composite versus formulation on physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of cookies. This research use Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor, that is variations of composite flour with wheat flour (F1= 0:100; F2= 20:80; F3= 40:60; F4= 60:40; F5= 80:20) (%b/b). The results of this research indicate that there are significantly different results on physical characteristics (texture), chemistry (moisture content, ash content, carbohydrate content, coarse fiber, calories and antioxidant activity) and sensory (color, taste and overall). The best formulation is F2 with the compositions (20% composite flour, fine granulated sugar 30 g, margarine 30 g, butter 7 g, vanilli 0,2 g, egg whites 25 g, egg yolk 7 g, cream of tar-tar 0,4 g, skim milk 14 g, salt 0,8 g, baking soda 0,2 g)
Fungsional Food, Yam, Lima Beans, Composite Flour, Cookies
Ayo Belajar IPA dari Ulama: Pembelajaran Berbasis Socio-Scientific Issues di Abad ke-21
Authors: Imaduddin Muhamad , Khafidin Zaenal
Published: September 2019

Perubahan mindset pendidik IPA harus didasarkan pada keterampilan apa saja yang dibutuhkan peserta didik agar mencapai partisipasi penuh di masyarakat. Salah satu strategi potensial adalah pembelajaran berbasis Socio-Scientific Issues (SSI). Sejalan dengan isu-isu yang berkembang, Fatwa MUI hadir sebagai keputusan yang diberikan oleh ulama-ulama tentang permasalahan umat Islam didasarkan Al-Qur’an, Hadis, Ijma’, Qiyas, dan dalil lain yang muktabar. Implementasi media Fatwa MUI adalah wujud Islamisasi sains yang mengarah pada bagaimana sains dapat meningkatkan iman dan taqwa. Kajian ini bertujuan mengungkap Fatwa MUI apa saja yang dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran IPA, serta bagaimana implementasinya. Metode library research digunakan melalui penggalian informasi Kompetensi Inti (KI) dan Kompetensi Dasar (KD) pada struktur kurikulum IPA, serta kumpulan fatwa MUI. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa KD yang dapat dikaitkan dengan Fatwa MUI seperti zat aditif, zat adiktif-psikotropika, dan pencemaran lingkungan. Implementasi dapat dilakukan dengan desain pembelajaran bervisi SETS (Science-Environment-Technology-Society) dan berpondasi aspek Islami. Domain kognitif, afektif, dan budaya sosial dalam keterampilan abad ke-21 dapat ditumbuhkan seiring dengan tumbuhnya domain spiritual. Implikasi mengarah pada uji coba desain pembelajaran berbasis SSI dengan Fatwa MUI bidang POM, IPTEK dan lingkungan.
Pengaruh Pemahaman Konsep Asam Basa terhadap Konsep Hidrolisis Garam Mata Pelajaran Kimia SMA Kelas XI
Authors: Irawati Ratna Kartika
Published: September 2019

Konsep-konsep dalam ilmu kimia bersifat abstrak dan saling berhubungan, seperti konsep asam basa dan hidrolisis garam. Hal ini dimungkinkan apabila pemahaman konsep asam basa siswa rendah maka akan sulit memahami konsep hidrolisis dengan baik. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemahaman konsep asam basa terhadap konsep hidrolisis garam pada mata pelajaran kimia SMA kelas XI MIPA. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian korelasi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes pemahaman konsep yang terdiri atas 15 soal pilihan ganda berpasangan antara konsep asam basa dan hidrolisis garam. Analisis data menggunakan uji regresi linear. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh pemahaman konsep asam basa terhadap pemahaman konsep hidrolisis garam dengan korelasi tergolong kuat. Sebanyak 51,5% pemahaman konsep asam basa mempengaruhi pemahaman konsep hidrolisis garam.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL KESETIMBANGAN KIMIA BERBASIS UNITY OF SCIENCES (UOS) DAN MULTILEVEL REPRESENTASI
Authors: Septiana Wati Farida , Lathifa Ulya , Udaibah Wirda
Published: September 2019

Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan kelayakan modul pembelajaran kimia berbasis unity of sciences dan multi level representasi pada materi kesetimbangan. Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah 4D (define, design, develop, dan disseminate) namun hanya dilakukan sampai tahap develop. Dalam pengumpulan data digunakan metode wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan tes. Hasil validasi oleh ahli materi diperoleh presentase rata-rata sebesar 87,7% dengan kategori sangat layak. Dari hasil validasi ahli media diperoeh presentase rata-rata sebesar 88% dengan kategori sangat layak, sedangkan dari penilaian peserta didik diperoleh presentase rata-rata sebesar 90,22% dengan kategori sangat layak. Dari postes diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 89,11. Dengan demikian modul kimia berbasis unity of sciences dan multi level representasi pada materi kesetimbangan kimia layak untuk digunakan sebagai sumber belajar peserta didik.
PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR DAN AKTIVITAS SISWA MELALUI PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING (DL) PADA MATERI KIMIA UNSUR KELAS XII IPA-6 MAN 2 KUDUS
Authors: Muspahaji Muhammad
Published: September 2019

Tujuan penelitian tindakan kelas  ini adalah untuk mengetahui: pengaruh model discovery learning(DL) terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada materi kimia unsur; Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas XII IPA 6  Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Kudus. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dua siklus dan masing-masing siklus terdiri atas empat tahapan, yakni: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan melalui dokumentasi, tes, angket, observasi. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa: Peningkatan prestasi belajar  ditunjukkan dengan: (1) rata-rata prestasi belajar siswa pada siklus I adalah 6,79 dan pada siklu siklus II adalah 8,68;(2)ketuntasan belajar siswa pada siklus I siswa 14 siswa atau 38,89% dan yang tidak tuntas sebanyak 22 siswa atau 61,11%; serta (3) ketuntasan belajar klasikal pada siklus I adalah 38,89% dan pada siklus II mnecapai 100,00%.dan kinerja performance guru juga meningkat.Respon siswa adalah 82,14% artinya sangat setuju atau pada katagori tinggi.