bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Recognition Based on Temporal Cortex Cells: Viewer-Centred Processing of Pattern Configuration
Authors: Perrett David I. , Oram Mike W.
Published: August 2018

A model of recognition is described based on cell properties in the ventral cortical stream of visual processing in the primate brain. At a critical intermediate stage in this system, ‘Elaborate’ feature sensitive cells respond selectively to visual features in a way that depends on size (± 1 octave), orientation (± 4 5 °) but does not depend on position within central vision (± 5 °). These features are simple conjunctions of 2-D elements (e.g. a horizontal dark area above a dark smoothly convex area). They can arise either as elements of an object’s surface pattern or as a 3-D component bounded by an object’s external contour. By requiring a combination of several such features without regard to their position within the central region of the visual image, ‘Pattern’ sensitive cells at higher levels can exhibit selectivity for complex configurations that typify objects seen under particular viewing conditions. Given that input features to such Pattern sensitive cells are specified in approximate size and orientation, initial cellular ‘representations’ of the visual appearance of object type (or object example) are also selective for orientation and size. At this level, sensitivity to object view (± 6 0 °) arises because visual features disappear as objects are rotated in perspective. Processing is thus viewer-centred and the neurones only respond to objects seen from particular viewing conditions or ‘object instances’. Combined sensitivity to multiple features (conjunctions of elements) independent of their position, establishes selectivity for the configurations of ob­ject parts (from one view) because rearranged configurations of the same parts yield images lacking some of the 2-D visual features present in the normal configuration.

Different neural populations appear to be selectively tuned to particular components of the same biological object (e.g. face, eyes, hands, legs), perhaps because the independent articulation of these components gives rise to correlated activity in different sets of input visual features. Generalisation over viewing conditions for a given object can be established by hierarchically pooling outputs of view-condition specific cells with pooling operations dependent on the continuity in experience across viewing conditions. Different object parts are seen together and different views are seen in succession when the observer walks around the object. The view specific coding that characterises the selectivity of cells in the temporal lobe can be seen as a natural consequence of selective experience of objects from particular vantage points. View specific coding for the face and body also has great utility in understand­ing complex social signals, a property that may not be feasible with object-centred processing.
Constituents of Cocoa Husks
Authors: Bonvehí Josep Serra , Jordà Rossend Escolá
Published: August 2018

Mineral composition, vitamins (group B, C and D), polyphenols, purine alkaloids, sugars and phytic acid were determined in twelve samples of cocoa husk of the main varieties of cocoa beans ( Theobroma cacao L.) cultivated in Africa and South America. Macro- (K, Mg, Ca, Na, P, and Na) and micro elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, and Cr) were quantified using an inductively coupled argon plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), on dry-ashed samples. Vitamins, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, sugars, and phytic acid were determined using HPLC. The mineral and vitamins intake that cocoa husk consumption could represent was evaluated with regard to the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). The percentage of phytic acid is medium (0.98±0.13 g/100 g). The most abundant phenolic compounds found were caffeic acid and gentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid).
Chemical Constituents from Shoots of Hordeum vulgare Infested by the Aphid Schizaphis graminum
Authors: Muñoz Orlando , Argandoña Víctor H. , Corcuerac Luis J.
Published: August 2018

Stress, pathogens or insects induce profound changes in the expression of the chemical constituents of plants. Some of these changes could be adaptations to the new conditions or the expression of new defensive characteristics. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the effect of aphid infestation on the composition of endogenous compound, in barley leaves. Leaf waxes were obtained by washing with dichloromethane and remaining compounds were extracted with ethyl acetate and ethanol from homogenized leaves. The identification of compounds was done by combined capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Epicuticular compounds detected in barley after 6 days of aphid infestation were as follows (%): (1) 1-docosene (1.98), (2) 1-octadecene (2.07), (3) phytol (0.81). Epicuticular compounds in non-infested plants were (4) isophytol (0.83), (5) N-cyclohexyl-cyclohexanamine, (0.11) (6) 5-pentadecyl-1,3-benzenediol (2.10). In ethyl acetate extracts from infested plants the main compounds were: (1) (2.02), (7) 2,5-diethylpyrazine (0.61), (8) (5E)-eicosene (1.61), (9) (3E)-eicosene (1.93), (10) (9E)-eicosene (1.80). In non-infested plants the only detected compounds were (1) (1.02), (6) (1.91), and (7) (0.43). In methanol extracts from infested plants the following compounds were identified: (6) (2.15), (7) (0.21), (11) 2,2,6.6 tetramethyl- piperidine (0.12), (12) indole (1.01), (13) heptadecane (0.10), (14) methyl-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (0.21), (15) 2,5- dihydroxybenzaldehyde (0.27) and (16) N-phenyl-2-naphthalenamine (0.29). In polar extracts from non-infested plants the most abundant compounds were (4) (1.40), (7) (0.18), (17) (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoic methyl ester (1.01), (18) (9Z,15Z)- octadienoic methyl ester (2.01), and (19) hexadecanoic methyl ester (1.93). Compounds 4, 5 and 7 -1 9 are described for the first time in Hordeum vulgare.
Isolation, Characterization and Comparison of Antipeptide and Antiprotein Rabbit Antibodies to the π-Isoform of Glutathione S-Transferase
Authors: Modugno Francesca Di , Rosano Laura , Castelli Mauro , Chersi Alberto
Published: August 2018

The main linear epitopes of π-glutathione transferase (π-GST, EC 2.5.1.18), an enzyme related to cancer progression in a restricted number of tumours, were identified by testing in ELISA the reactivities of polyclonal anti-π-GST rabbit sera against a panel of 51 overlapping decapeptides, covering the whole 216-residue sequence of the protein. Several major reactivity peaks were detected, each covering two or three adjacent peptides. The most active fragments were then reconstructed by conventional solid-phase synthesis, linked to Sepharose, and used as affinity ligands for isolating specific anti-π-GST antibody subsets.

A second group of antisera was then prepared in rabbits by using as immunogens some of the above described synthetic fragments, linked to a carrier protein, and antipeptide antibodies purified by affinity chromatography. An ELISA test was then performed, using as antigens a panel of peptides and different isoforms of GST, in order to establish whether antibodies isolated from total anti-π-GST sera would display higher reactivity and specificity, as compared to traditional antipeptide antibodies. Binding data clearly confirm that the formers might be indeed better reagents for the detection and possibly quantitation of π-GST.
Synthesis and Anti-Virus Activity of Some Nucleosides Analogues
Authors: Stankova Ivanka G. , Simeonov Mario F. , Maximova Vera , Galabov Angel S. , Golovinsky Evgeny V.
Published: August 2018

New 3’-, 5’-, 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (3 a-g) and 3’-, 5’-thymidine (4 a-i) analogues with amino acid and peptide residues were synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity. The influence of long peptide chains, essential amino acids and the effect of this structural modification on the antiviral activity has been also reported.

Three 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine derivatives containing glycyl-, glycyl-glycyl-and glycyl-gly-cyl-glycyl-residues (3a, 3b, 3c) showed a strong activity against the herpes virus PsRV and a moderate one vs. HSV-1.

The corresponding thymidine analogues were considerably less effective, and only compounds 4d and 4h showed a borderline effect against PsRV
1H-Cyclopenta[b]benzofuran Lignans from Aglaia Species Inhibit Cell Proliferation and Alter Cell Cycle Distribution in Human Monocytic Leukemia Cell Lines
Authors: Bohnenstengel Frank I. , Steube Klaus G. , Meyer Corinna , Quentmeier Hilmar , Nugroho Bambang W. , Proksch Peter
Published: August 2018

Thirteen naturally occurring 1H-cyclopenta[b]benzofuran lignans of the rocaglamide type as well as one naturally occurring aglain congener all of them isolated from three Aglaia species (Aglaia duperreana, A. oligophylla and A. spectabilis) collected in Vietnam were studied for their antiproliferative effects using the human monocytic leukemia cell lines MONO-MAC-1 and MONO-MAC-6. Only rocaglamide type compounds showed significant inhibition of [3H-]thymidine incorporation and the most active compound didesmethylrocaglamide inhibited cell growth in a similar concentration range as the well-known anticancer drug vinblastine sulfate. Detailed structure-activity analysis indicated that the OH-group at C-8b which is a common structural feature of most naturally occurring rocaglamide compounds is essential for the described antiproliferative activity since replacement of this group by methylation led to a complete loss of the inhibitory activity for the resulting derivative. Rocaglamide derivatives rapidly inhibited DNA as well as protein biosynthesis of MONOMAC- 6 cells at concentrations well below those of actinomycin D or cycloheximide which were used as positive controls in the respective experiments. Didesmethylrocaglamide was furthermore able to induce growth arrest of MONO-MAC-1 cells in the G2/M and probably G0/Gl-phase of the cell cycle with no morphological indication of cellular damage. Our data suggests that 1H-cyclopenta[b]benzofuran lignans of the rocaglamide type act primarily by a cytostatic mechanism.
Transformation of Catalpa ovata by Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Phenylethanoid Glycosides Production in Transformed Root Cultures
Authors: Wysokińska Halina , Lisowska Katarzyna , Floryanowicz-Czekalska Katarzyna
Published: August 2018

Transformed root cultures of Catalpa ovata were established following shoots infection with four agropine strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Frequency of root formation was dependent on the bacterial strain and the presence of acetosyringone in the incubation medium. It is the first report concerning the possibility of transforming Catalpa ovata by A. rhizogenes. Both transformed and untransformed root cultures of C. ovata were studied for their growth and phenylethanoid glycoside production. As with the roots of intact plants, cis-and trans-verbascoside as well as martynoside were produced in transformed and untransformed root cultures of C. ovata. In hairy roots, total (cis + trans) verbascoside production could be stimulated up to three-fold of that of roots of 6-month-old plants grown in a greenhouse, by using an appropriate root line cultured in liquid 1/2 B5 Gamborg medium containing indole-3-butyric acid (0.1 mg/1) in the dark but not light conditions. Transformed and untransformed root cultures of C. ovata were also found to have 10 times higher martynoside production than roots of intact plants.
Acute Effects of Interset Rest Duration on Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Resistance Exercise in Hypoxia
Authors: Lockhart Catriona , Scott Brendan R. , Thoseby Bradley , Dascombe Ben J.
Published: August 2018

Lockhart, C, Scott, BR, Thoseby, B, and Dascombe, BJ. Acute effects of interset rest duration on physiological and perceptual responses to resistance exercise in hypoxia. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2241–2249, 2020—This study aimed to determine whether manipulating interset rest periods during resistance training in hypoxia impacts on physiological and perceptual responses to exercise. Twelve healthy males completed 1 repetition maximum (1RM) testing for the bilateral leg extension, before completing 4 separate randomized trials comprising 5 × 10 repetitions of leg extensions at 70% 1RM. Experimental trials were completed in both moderate hypoxia (FIO2 = 15%) and normoxia (FIO2 = 21%), using interset rest periods of both 60 and 180 seconds for each environmental condition. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to quantify muscle oxygenation of vastus lateralis , and surface electromyography assessed the activation of vastus lateralis and medialis. Blood lactate concentration ([BLa−]) and midthigh circumference were assessed before and immediately after each trial. Heart rate (HR) responses, blood oxygen saturation, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also assessed after each set and the whole session RPE (sRPE). Perceived quadriceps soreness was reported before, immediately after, and at 24 and 48 hours after each trial. Muscle activation (sets 4–5), RPE (sets 3–5), and sRPE were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the 60-second trials of the resistance exercise protocol. Significant increases (p < 0.01) were observed for [BLa−] and midthigh circumference across sets within each condition. No significant main effect was observed for interset rest duration or environmental condition for muscle oxygenation, HR, or perceived quadriceps soreness. These findings indicate that performing resistance exercise in hypoxia or normoxia with shortened interset rest periods increases muscle activation and perceived exertion, without exacerbating muscle soreness.
Vila União dos Operários, Canoas, RS: luta por moradia e habitabilidade (1980-2014)
Authors: Graebin Cleusa Maria Gomes , Fiorotti Ivo , Graeff Lucas
Published: August 2018

O estudo tem como objeto as lutas por moradia e melhores condições de habitabilidade ocorridas em Canoas, RS, entre 1980 e 2014. Centra a atenção no processo histórico da ocupação de terreno pertencente a um Jóquei Clube, localizado no Bairro Mathias Velho, dando  origem à Vila União dos Operários. Foram 34 anos de luta, por parte dos moradores, que passaram de ocupantes a proprietários de seus lotes. Para dar conta da pesquisa, foram utilizadas fontes escritas e orais, estas produzidas a partir de grupos focais. Teoricamente, o trabalho fundamenta-se em pressupostos da História Social e História Urbana e na Sociologia e Antropologia urbanas, dialogando por meio do conceito de memória social. Constatou-se, a formação de um movimento social de luta que culminou com a posse legal de um território urbano, a partilha dos lotes e a presença de sociabilidade na construção de equipamentos urbanos e de moradias.
Silêncios no pampa: breves pontuações sobre a imagem do gaúcho na pintura rioplatense e brasileira
Authors: De Oliveira Luciana Da Costa
Published: August 2018

Colocar-se frente a uma imagem é permitir-se, também, defrontar-se com silêncios. Tais fontes, que são suportes que evocam presença, igualmente guardam para si inúmeros vazios. Se pensarmos que ela nasce da morte e da necessidade de tornar visível o que se transformou em invisível, estaremos diante de um paradoxo: como algo que chama o ausente pode comportar silêncios? É pensando nessa problemática específica relacionada ao uso da imagem, que se pretende debater suas particularidades. Nesse sentido, observando os diversos fios que tramaram a complexa rede de construção da imagem do gaúcho na pintura platina e brasileira, é que se objetiva problematizar os silêncios no pampa. Para que seja possível a análise, será empreendido um estudo acerca da obra dos artistas Aldo Locatelli, Cesáreo Bernaldo de Quirós, Pedro Figari e Pedro Weigärtner.
An Inexpensive, Open-Source Mini-Centrifuge
Authors: WareJoncas Zachary , Stewart Chris , Giannini John
Published: August 2018

The centrifuge is an important piece of equipment for any biology lab, necessary for a wide variety of experiments. Cost, however, often prevents the use of centrifuges in many teaching labs, greatly limiting educational experiences for students. As a result, we describe how to construct a “homemade” single-speed mini-centrifuge using inexpensive parts easily acquired online or at hardware or other stores (e.g., a 4.7-quart plastic bowl and lid, standard computer cooling fan, AC/DC adapter, electrical wire, etc.). We further used this design and a commercial mini-centrifuge to pellet 1-mL samples of Tetrahymena thermophila, and we found that the two performed comparably. Finally, because our plans and the materials needed to build this device are all open source, we call our design the OPN Minifuge, and we hope that it will help to expand the scope of experiments that students can run in introductory and upper-level biology teaching labs.
India in Chabahar
Authors: Pant Harsh V. , Mehta Ketan
Published: August 2018

Since the 1990s India has been committed to the completion of the Chabahar Port despite external and internal constraints that slowed the project’s development. This article explores the reasons behind Indian interest in the development of the Chabahar Port, and the challenges this project continues to face.
Radiation exposure of adrenal vein sampling: a German Multicenter Study
Authors: Fuss C T , Treitl M , Rayes N , Podrabsky P , Fenske W K , Heinrich D A , Reincke M , Petersen T-O , Fassnacht M , Quinkler M , Kickuth R , Hahner S
Published: August 2018

Objective

Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) represents the current diagnostic standard for subtype differentiation in primary aldosteronism (PA). However, AVS has its drawbacks. It is invasive, expensive, requires an experienced interventional radiologist and comes with radiation exposure. However, exact radiation exposure of patients undergoing AVS has never been examined.

Design and methods

We retrospectively analyzed radiation exposure of 656 AVS performed between 1999 and 2017 at four university hospitals. The primary outcomes were dose area product (DAP) and fluoroscopy time (FT). Consecutively the effective dose (ED) was approximately calculated.

Results

Median DAP was found to be 32.5 Gy*cm2 (0.3–3181) and FT 18 min (0.3–184). The calculated ED was 6.4 mSv (0.1–636). Remarkably, values between participating centers highly varied: Median DAP ranged from 16 to 147 Gy*cm2, FT from 16 to 27 min, and ED from 3.2 to 29 mSv. As main reason for this variation, differences regarding AVS protocols between centers could be identified, such as number of sampling locations, frames per second and the use of digital subtraction angiographies.

Conclusion

This first systematic assessment of radiation exposure in AVS not only shows fairly high values for patients, but also states notable differences among the centers. Thus, we not only recommend taking into account the risk of radiation exposure, when referring patients to undergo AVS, but also to establish improved standard operating procedures to prevent unnecessary radiation exposure.
Pathobiology and genetics of adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Pittaway James F H , Guasti Leonardo
Published: August 2018

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with an incidence worldwide of 0.7–2.0 cases/million/year. Initial staging is the most important factor in determining prognosis. If diagnosed early, complete surgical resection +/− adjuvant treatment can lead to 5-year survival of up to 80%. However, often it is diagnosed late and in advanced disease, 5-year survival is <15% with a high recurrence rate even after radical surgery. The mainstay of adjuvant treatment is with the drug mitotane. Mitotane has a specific cytotoxic effect on steroidogenic cells of the adrenal cortex, but despite this, progression through treatment is common. Developments in genetic analysis in the form of next-generation sequencing, aided by bioinformatics, have enabled high-throughput molecular characterisation of these tumours. This, in addition to a better appreciation of the processes of physiological, homeostatic self-renewal of the adrenal cortex, has furthered our understanding of the pathogenesis of this malignancy. In this review, we have detailed the pathobiology and genetic alterations in adrenocortical carcinoma by integrating current understanding of homeostasis and self-renewal in the normal adrenal cortex with molecular profiling of tumours from recent genetic analyses. Improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in self-renewal and stem cell hierarchy in normal human adrenal cortices, together with the identification of cell populations likely to be co-opted by oncogenic mutations, will enable further progress in the definition of the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of ACC. The combination of these advances eventually will lead to the development of novel, effective and personalised strategies to eradicate molecularly annotated ACCs.
How can a binary switch within the pars tuberalis control seasonal timing of reproduction?
Authors: Wood Shona H
Published: August 2018

Life in seasonally changing environments is challenging. Biological systems have to not only respond directly to the environment, but also schedule life history events in anticipation of seasonal changes. The cellular and molecular basis of how these events are scheduled is unknown. Cellular decision-making processes in response to signals above certain thresholds regularly occur i.e. cellular fate determination, apoptosis and firing of action potentials. Binary switches, the result of cellular decision-making processes, are defined as a change in phenotype between two stable states. A recent study presents evidence of a binary switch operating in the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary, seemingly timing seasonal reproduction in sheep. Though, how a binary switch would allow for anticipation of seasonal environmental changes, not just direct responsiveness, is unclear. The purpose of this review is to assess the evidence for a binary switching mechanism timing seasonal reproduction and to hypothesize how a binary switch would allow biological processes to be timed over weeks to years. I draw parallels with mechanisms used in development, cell fate determination and seasonal timing in plants. I propose that the adult PT is a plastic tissue, showing a seasonal cycle of cellular differentiation, and that the underlying processes are likely to be epigenetic. Therefore, considering the mechanisms behind adult cellular plasticity offers a framework to hypothesize how a long-term timer functions within the PT.
Mitochondria as target of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: implications for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Marroqui Laura , Tudurí Eva , Alonso-Magdalena Paloma , Quesada Iván , Nadal Ángel , dos Santos Reinaldo Sousa
Published: August 2018

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, heterogeneous syndrome characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction or death. Among several environmental factors contributing to type 2 diabetes development, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been receiving special attention. These chemicals include a wide variety of pollutants, from components of plastic to pesticides, with the ability to modulate endocrine system function. EDCs can affect multiple cellular processes, including some related to energy production and utilization, leading to alterations in energy homeostasis. Mitochondria are primarily implicated in cellular energy conversion, although they also participate in other processes, such as hormone secretion and apoptosis. In fact, mitochondrial dysfunction due to reduced oxidative capacity, impaired lipid oxidation and increased oxidative stress has been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Herein, we review the main mechanisms whereby metabolism-disrupting chemical (MDC), a subclass of EDCs that disturbs energy homeostasis, cause mitochondrial dysfunction, thus contributing to the establishment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We conclude that MDC-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which is mainly characterized by perturbations in mitochondrial bioenergetics, biogenesis and dynamics, excessive reactive oxygen species production and activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, seems to be a relevant mechanism linking MDCs to type 2 diabetes development.
Extraordinary Genome Instability and Widespread Chromosome Rearrangements During Vegetative Growth
Authors: Möller Mareike , Habig Michael , Freitag Michael , Stukenbrock Eva H
Published: August 2018

The ability to rapidly adapt to changing environments is crucial for the success of pathogens infecting plants and animals. In some eukaryotic pathogens, rapid evolution can be mediated by genome rearrangements, which...

The haploid genome of the pathogenic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici is contained on “core” and “accessory” chromosomes. While 13 core chromosomes are found in all strains, as many as eight accessory chromosomes show presence/absence variation and rearrangements among field isolates. The factors influencing these presence/absence polymorphisms are so far unknown. We investigated chromosome stability using experimental evolution, karyotyping, and genome sequencing. We report extremely high and variable rates of accessory chromosome loss during mitotic propagation in vitro and in planta. Spontaneous chromosome loss was observed in 2 to >50% of cells during 4 weeks of incubation. Similar rates of chromosome loss in the closely related Zymoseptoria ardabiliae suggest that this extreme chromosome dynamic is a conserved phenomenon in the genus. Elevating the incubation temperature greatly increases instability of accessory and even core chromosomes, causing severe rearrangements involving telomere fusion and chromosome breakage. Chromosome losses do not affect the fitness of Zymoseptoria tritici in vitro, but some lead to increased virulence, suggesting an adaptive role of this extraordinary chromosome instability.
The Implementation of Authentic Assessment in Cultural History of Islamic Subject
Authors: Kristiawan Muhammad , Elnanda Depki
Published: August 2018

This research was focused on the implementation of instructional authentic assessment in the Cutural History of Islamic Subject; class VIII, Perguruan Thawalib Putri Padang Panjang. This study aimed at describing the implementation of authentic assessment by teachers in teaching Cultural History of Islam. The design of this research was qualitative and the data collection techniques were observation and interview. The data were analysis by using Interactive Analysis Model of Miles and Huberman. The results obtained indicate that the implementation of authentic assessment had not been fully implemented by the teacher of Cultural History of Islam both in the affective and psychomotor, while the cognitive domain has been performed well.
The Students’ Perceptions of National Examination Washback: A Case Study at MTS Daarul ‘Ulya Metro
Authors: Madkur Ahmad , Irwansyah Dedi
Published: August 2018

Studies on washback of testing have been recently conducted. This demonstrates that there is a growing awareness that testing can have consequences beyond just the classroom. For one decade, Ministry of Education in Indonesia has administered National Examination (NE) as the standardized test for passing grade requirement. In spite of its good aim, NE has become one of controversial issues among educators, students and even parents. Some say yes while some others say no. This paper was mainly attempted to display some impacts, not all, of NE toward the test takers, the students. A qualitative research was employed where the data taken from observation and questionnaires to 20 students. The result of the study showed that most of the students felt unconfident with their score in National Examination due to the fact that their English competence was considered low. However, the difficulty of NE did not significantly affect their studying English language. In other words, the washback of NE on their study was negative.
Fairy Tale as a Medium for Children’s Character Cooperation Building
Authors: Sayer Inaad Mutlib , Kristiawan Muhammad , Agustina Mediarita
Published: August 2018

A fairy tale is a fantasy story which gives moral education, and can be one of the media used for character building. One of the values found in a fairy tale is cooperation. Children’s character building strategy is done through giving fairy tales, listening to fairy tales, and creating a supportive reading environment. This study aimed at observing the ability of children in identifying the character values found in fairy tales and their ability to implement the values in their daily life. The respondents of this study were 3-4-year-old students of PAUD Pelangi Palembang. The number of the respondents was 15 students. The study used mixed methods. The data were collected through interview, observation and test. The results revealed that the value of cooperation could be effectively implemented through fairy tales. Before they were told fairy tales, the students were reluctant to tidy up their toys after they finished playing together, but after they were given a fairy tale about cooperation, the children enthusiastically cooperated to tidy up their toys, tidy up the class’ benches, throw garbage and tidy up the books on the shelf.
Clothing and professional identity in the training of nurses in the city of Juiz de Fora
Authors: Almeida Regina Lucia Muniz de , Rodrigues Angela Aparecida Peters , Tarma Gisele Fernandes , Figueiredo Mariângela Aparecida Gonçalves de , Almeida Filho Antônio José de , Santos Tânia Cristina Franco , Peres Maria Angélica de Almeida
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the meaning of the transformations that occurred in the clothing of EEHB students and their role in the construction of a professional identity of nurses in Juiz de Fora. Method: Historical and social qualitative study from 1965 to 1978. Oral and written sources were used. Oral sources were produced with the Thematic Oral History technique, with 10 collaborators. The theoretical frameworks used were the concepts of identity of Claude Dubar, and concepts of clothing and their symbolic meanings of Roland Barthes. Results: The EEHB nursing students’ uniform represented a brand, an essential symbol in the construction and consolidation of the nurse’s identity in the city of Juiz de Fora. Conclusion: The uniform was recognized as an object of identification of nurses in the city, giving them a social image of credibility for their training.
Teachers’ experiences about first aid at school
Authors: Galindo Neto Nelson Miguel , Carvalho Gerdane Celene Nunes , Castro Régia Christina Moura Barbosa , Caetano Joselany Áfio , Santos Ellen Cristina Barbosa dos , Silva Telma Marques da , Vasconcelos Eliane Maria Ribeiro de
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To unveil the experiences of primary and elementary school teachers about first aid at school. Method: a descriptive, qualitative study, conducted in May 2014, from a focus group with nine teachers from the municipal network of Bom Jesus-PI. Audio recording occurred, content was transcribed, and data were processed by IRAMUTEQ software and analyzed from the Descendant Hierarchical Classification. Results: Three classes were obtained: Teachers’ knowledge about first aid (influence of maternal experience, belief in popular myths and awareness of lack of preparation were indicated); Feelings in situations of urgency and emergency (anguish, fear and concern); First aid at school, (occurring in class or during break time, coming from collisions and syncope). Final considerations: The research evidenced experiences based on popular beliefs, family experiences and knowledge gaps. The lack of preparation was evidenced by the teachers’ reports about having misconduct during first aid at school.
Training in diabetes education: meanings attributed by primary care nurses
Authors: Coêlho Magda Coeli Vitorino Sales , Almeida Camila Aparecida Pinheiro Landim , Silva Ana Roberta Vilarouca da , Moura Luana Kelle Batista , Feitosa Lucíola Galvão Gondim Corrêa , Nunes Laura Barbosa
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: seize meanings attributed by primary care nurses to training in diabetes education. Method: exploratory and descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, with twenty primary care nurses; semistructured interview script, with interviews processed in the IRaMuTeQ software and analyzed through the Descending Hierarchical Classification. The results were subsidized in the Representational Theory of Meaning. Results: nurse training in diabetes education is insufficient for holistic action, although it allows the community to be instrumentalized in specific issues about the disease, using the limited tools available, especially lectures. Nurses find themselves in a context of challenges, improvisations, weaknesses, and limitations that determine the meaning attributed to diabetes education and subsequent actions. Conclusion: the meanings attributed by the nurses revealed an incipient training, which limits the quality of care provided and instigates the search for qualification.
Nesting behavior of Didelphis aurita: twenty days of continuous recording of a female in a coati nest
Authors: Monticelli Patrícia Ferreira , Gasco Aline
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Choosing the nest site to raise a litter has consequences on female fitness in mammalian species with no male participation in the parental care. We accidentally video recorded a coati's nest appropriation by a female opossum Didelphis aurita, at Parque Ecológico do Tietê, State of São Paulo, Brazil. For 29 days, from December 22, 2011, to January 19th, 2012, the activity of the female was video recorded 24h/day with a camera trap installed close to the nest. At her first appearance, she had infants in her pouch. After taking leaves to the nest twice on the first night, she kept a routine of going out after sunset and returning to the nest before dawn, carrying leaves on the tail on seven occasions. During the last days of recording, infants were seen attached to the female's body. Another episode of a female opossum with infants using a nest previously constructed by a coati was registered in 2013. To our knowledge, this is the first continuous description of the daily activity of opossums during the nesting phase.
Aqueous extract of pequi fruit to control Spodoptera frugiperda in corn
Authors: Souza Maria das Dores da Cruz , Giustolin Teresinha Augusta , Alvarenga Clarice Diniz , Costa João Natal de Jesus , Aspiazú Ignácio
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT: Pequi fruit peels contain steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, compounds that are potentially useful for integrated pest management. As such, the aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of aqueous extracts of pequi fruit peels on Spodoptera frugiperda. Field-grown corn plants of the cultivar ‘Al Alvaré’ were sprayed with extract concentrations of 0.8%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% (v/v) 40 and 47 days after germination. The pequi peels were chopped, oven dried (65°C for 72 hours), and ground in a grinding mill. The resulting powder was used to prepare a base-line extract (10%), and the other concentrations evaluated were prepared by diluting this extract. The intensity of the damage caused by S. frugiperda caterpillars was evaluated 43, 46, 50, and 53 days after germination, using a visual scoring scale. Application of the extract decreased the amount of damage caused by the caterpillars. The 5% extract concentration was the most effective, while the 10% extract concentration showed evidence of phytotoxicity after the second spraying. These results suggest that the pequi extract is toxic to the S. frugiperda caterpillars and can be used for the management of this pest.
CUIDADO AOS USUÁRIOS DE ÁLCOOL NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA: MORALISMO, CRIMINALIZAÇÃO E TEORIAS DA ABSTINÊNCIA
Authors: Malvezzi Cilene Despontin , Nascimento Juliana Luporini do
Published: August 2018

Resumo Os danos advindos do uso prejudicial de álcool ganharam destaque a partir do século 18, com a ascensão do capitalismo. Medidas de controle governamentais e sanitárias acompanharam a construção sócio-histórica. No Brasil, a Política de Álcool e Drogas do Ministério da Saúde, instituída nos anos 2000, propôs ações de cuidado em rede, incluindo os serviços da atenção primária. Apesar de esforços para qualificar os profissionais, as ações em saúde se mostram pouco acolhedoras, estigmatizantes e ineficazes diante da complexidade do tema. Objetivando conhecer e analisar as crenças e as práticas de saúde no cuidado ao usuário de álcool na atenção primária à saúde, foi realizado este estudo qualitativo com profissionais de saúde de um serviço de atenção primária, utilizando-se da entrevista semiestruturada e da análise de conteúdo. Os referenciais teóricos relacionados à saúde coletiva e às ciências sociais dão sustentação a esta análise. Os resultados apontaram para atitudes moralizantes e preconceituosas, com uma prática que criminaliza o uso de álcool, principalmente nas classes menos favorecidas, pautada por condutas normatizadas, foco na eliminação dos riscos e na abstinência total, em consonância com o modelo biomédico hegemônico, e distante das necessidades dos sujeitos e da complexidade que envolve a questão.
O SENTIDO DE COMUNIDADE EM UMA EQUIPE MULTIPROFISSIONAL HOSPITALAR: HIERARQUIA, INDIVIDUALISMO, CONFLITO
Authors: Wanderbroocke Ana Claudia Nunes de Souza , Baasch Cleonice , Antunes Maria Cristina , Menezes Marina
Published: August 2018

Resumo A trajetória profissional ocupa espaço significativo na vida das pessoas na atualidade. Com base nesta premissa, procurou-se compreender o sentido de comunidade no contexto de trabalho de uma equipe multiprofissional hospitalar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, das quais participaram oito profissionais do ambulatório de hematologia e oncologia pediátrica de um hospital público do sul do Brasil, de abril a junho de 2015. As entrevistas foram analisadas à luz das Práticas Discursivas. Estabeleceram-se quatro categorias, decorrentes dos componentes teóricos do sentido de comunidade. Os resultados indicam que os elementos pertencimento; influência; integração e satisfação das necessidades; e ligações emocionais compartilhadas estavam presentes nos discursos da equipe. Houve proximidade entre as narrativas das participantes e o conceito de comunidade para a caracterização do contexto de trabalho e das relações desenvolvidas. Contudo, também foram notados indícios de tensionamento hierárquico nas relações, a valorização de práticas individualistas, o conflito não externalizado e a dificuldade de lidar com as diferenças. Conclui-se que há necessidade de maior investimento na valorização e integração dos diferentes profissionais implicados no processo de promoção de saúde e no fomento do sentido de comunidade nas equipes hospitalares.
First record of the soybean stem fly Melanagromyza sojae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the Brazilian Savannah
Authors: Czepak Cecília , Nunes Matheus Le Senechal , Carvalhais Tiago , Anjos Marcos Vinicius dos , Silverio Rafael Ferreira , Lima Paula Barcelos Simões de Oliveira , Godinho Karina Cordeiro Albernaz , Lima Junior Abmael Monteiro de , Coelho Regina Melo Sartori , Gontijo Pablo da Costa
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT The soybean stem fly [Melanagromyza sojae (Diptera: Agromyzidae)] is a pest widely distributed in the Asian continent. In Brazil, its occurrence has been reported since the 1980s, but it had not been reported in Brazilian Savannah areas yet. This is the first record of M. sojae in this region of great importance for the soybean world production. Specimens of the soybean stem fly were collected in a volunteer soybean area, in April 2018, in the Goiás state, Brazil, and sent for molecular identification. The similarity index of the collected specimens with M. sojae was higher than 99 %, thus confirming the identification of the species. The infestation level in the collection area was approximately 100 % of plants with damage caused by this insect. In Brazil, the occurrence of M. sojae, up to the present time, had been described as restricted to the southern states. This record raises the hypothesis that M. sojae is widespread in other agricultural areas of the Brazilian Savannah, and that its dissemination is favored by the maintenance of volunteer soybean.
The impact of dialysis on critically ill elderly patients with acute kidney injury: an analysis by propensity score matching
Authors: Teles Flávio , Santos Renata Oliveira , Lima Helder Marx Almeida de Moura , Campos Rodrigo Peixoto , Teixeira Eline Calumby , Alves Ananda Camilla de Andrade , Costa André Falcão Pedrosa , Coelho Jorge Artur Peçanha de Miranda
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aging is a global phenomenon. Recent forecasts indicate that Brazil will be the sixth country in population of elderly individuals in 2020. The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) among the elderly varies, but studies have indicated that older individuals are more prone to developing AKI and have higher mortality rates than the general population with renal disease. The impact of dialysis in elderly patients with AKI - and critically ill individuals with multiple dysfunctions - has been discussed for years. Evidence indicates that for this group of patients dialysis does not positively impact survival and, in some situations, it might even accelerate death. This study investigated a population of elderly individuals with AKI seen in intensive care units to assess, through Propensity Score Matching, the impact dialysis has had for them. Methods: Data from the charts of patients aged 60 years or older seen at the intensive care unit of a general hospital between January 2012 and December 2014 and diagnosed with AKI were collected. Results: The study included 329 patients with a mean age of 75.4 ± 9.3 years. Ischemic AKI was the most prevalent disease (54.7%) and 28.9% of the patients needed dialysis. No difference was seen in the death rates of dialysis and non-dialysis patients aged 70+ years. Conclusions: The data suggested that dialysis did not seem to impact the death rates of critically ill patients with AKI aged 70+ years.
Concepções e ações de professoras sobre propostas de um programa de educação integral
Authors: Castanho Marisa Irene Siqueira , Silva Marjorie Cristina Rocha da , Casarin Sonia , Dorighello Letícia de Sousa
Published: August 2018

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar concepções e ações de professores em relação a um programa de educação integral. Foram analisadas respostas de 11 professoras de Ensino Fundamental I, de uma rede municipal de ensino, a partir de um roteiro semiestruturado de entrevista e questionários sociodemográficos. A análise de conteúdo, com apoio no software Iramuteq, evidenciou a contribuição socializadora da educação integral para a educação formal; as dificuldades de integração entre os professores dos dois currículos; as tentativas de aproximar os pais e a ausência da noção de comunidade; o reconhecimento da importância das atividades não formais e lúdicas; o uso da motivação e interesse do aluno pelas atividades das oficinas como condicionantes da frequência na sala de aula; a predominância da visão assistencialista. Sugere-se a ampliação de pesquisas, o investimento na formação de professores, visando à melhor compreensão e à atuação em programas articulados e planejamento de políticas públicas.
Análise dos manuais para elaboração de planos municipais de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos
Authors: Costa Alline Marchesin , Pugliesi Érica
Published: August 2018

RESUMO A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) introduziu os Planos Municipais de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos (PMGIRS) como um de seus instrumentos para gestão de resíduos sólidos e condicionou sua formulação ao acesso a recursos financeiros da União, destinados a esse fim. A capacitação técnica tem se apresentado como a maior dificuldade enfrentada pelos gestores municipais na elaboração de seus PMGIRS. Para suprir tais carências diversos órgãos produziram manuais e similares, dos quais cinco são analisados neste artigo. Como resultado obteve-se uma síntese das características dos manuais estudados, demonstrando que estes, em sua maioria, possuem alta carga de conteúdo teórico, com caráter predominantemente informativo.
Qualidade da água de nascentes do Assentamento Paraíso
Authors: Agrizzi Daniela Vantil , Cecílio Roberto Avelino , Zanetti Sidney Sára , Garcia Giovanni de Oliveira , Amaral Atanásio Alves do , Firmino Elziane Favoreto Alves , Mendes Natalia Gomes de Souza
Published: August 2018

RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes usos do solo no entorno de nascentes sobre alguns parâmetros de qualidade das águas de oito nascentes localizadas no Assentamento Paraíso, Alegre, Espírito Santo. As nascentes avaliadas consistiram em uma em meio à floresta remanescente de Mata Atlântica; seis cercadas e em diferentes estágios de recomposição florestal; e uma sem cerca e com acesso livre dos animais de criação. Três amostras de água foram coletadas em cada nascente entre 2011 e 2012, sendo analisados 17 parâmetros. Os valores determinados foram comparados com os padrões normativos para qualidade da água e correlacionados linearmente por meio do coeficiente de correlação. As águas das nascentes se mostraram aptas para o consumo, desde que previamente tratadas, e, quanto maior foram os trabalhos de proteção às nascentes, melhores foram os valores de qualidade de água.
Concentrações de metais pesados nos sedimentos do lago Água Preta (Pará, Brasil)
Authors: Oliveira Gilmara Maureline Teles Silva de , Oliveira Eder Silva de , Santos Maria de Lourdes Souza , Melo Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de , Krag Márcia Nágem
Published: August 2018

RESUMO O presente trabalho consistiu em avaliar as concentrações de nutrientes e metais pesados nos sedimentos do fundo do lago Água Preta, localizado na Região Metropolitana de Belém, Estado do Pará. As concentrações de metais pesados foram obtidas por espectrometria de emissão por plasma acoplado a espectrometria de massas (ICP-MS). Os metais que apresentaram maior concentração foram o cromo (245 mg.Kg-1) e o níquel (97 mg.Kg-1), os quais estiveram acima do índice que determina o nível de efeito provável (Probable Effect Level - PEL). O trabalho evidenciou o reflexo das pressões antrópicas que o lago Água Preta vem sofrendo ao longo dos anos, mostrando que os sedimentos de fundo se encontram impactados por metais pesados, altas cargas de matéria orgânica e nutrientes.
Avaliação microbiológica de fontes de água de escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Santa Rita (PB)
Authors: Moraes Maria Suiane de , Moreira Diego Augusto da Silva , Santos Jeffrey Tyrone de Lima Araújo , Oliveira Adolfo Pinheiro de , Salgado Raquel Lima
Published: August 2018

RESUMO A quantidade e a qualidade da água potável ingerida estão diretamente relacionadas com a saúde humana. A garantia de segurança e potabilidade depende do funcionamento adequado de etapas que vão desde o tratamento até a distribuição; e, caso alguma delas apresente falhas, pode haver processo de contaminação. Partindo desse pressuposto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho verificar a qualidade microbiológica da água fornecida em bebedouros de escolas públicas e privadas de ensino fundamental e infantil da cidade de Santa Rita, na Paraíba. As análises de coliformes totais, termotolerantes e bactérias heterotróficas foram realizadas segundo os padrões e metodologias da American Public Health Association. Por meio dos resultados deste trabalho, baseados nos padrões contidos na Portaria nº 2.914, de 12 de dezembro de 2011, do Ministério da Saúde, em relação à contagem de coliformes totais, verificou-se que 100% das amostras apresentavam-se impróprias para consumo, enquanto coliformes termotolerantes foram detectados em 33,33% das amostras). A contagem de bactérias heterotróficas variou entre 1,5x102 e 1,6x103 UFC.mL-1, sendo assim, todas as amostras foram consideradas impróprias ao consumo humano. Sugere-se um rigoroso controle de qualidade e a adoção de boas práticas, tais como tratamento da água, limpezas periódicas e manutenção dos reservatórios, filtros e bebedouros, bem como medidas preventivas e corretivas para manutenção da higiene e do controle microbiológico dos reservatórios de água, de forma a ser disponibilizada água com qualidade.