bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Meaning of Work for Black African Immigrant Adult College Students
Authors: Stebleton Michael J.
Published: May 2010

The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of work for Black, sub-Saharan African immigrant adult students pursuing a 4-year college degree. Career development practitioners are in a unique position to help these students make significant life-career decisions. Seven students enrolled at an urban university located in the Midwest were interviewed. Emphasis was placed on sociocultural, historical, political, and other contextual factors that affected life-work choices. Work was viewed holistically as a combination of both paid and unpaid roles. Work narratives were collected and interpreted using Gadamerian hermeneutics grounded in a constructivism paradigm. An analysis of narrative approach was used. Three main findings emerged as themes: Meaning of work was shaped by contextual factors; work experiences were closely connected to family and community; and students’ identities and work roles evolved over time. Theoretical implications and practical strategies for career counselors, with a focus on social justice, are discussed.
Hearing the Call: A Phenomenological Study of Religion in Career Choice
Authors: Hernandez Esperanza F. , Foley Pamela F. , Beitin Ben K.
Published: May 2010

While traditional forms of career counseling are effective for many individuals, some clients may perceive a strong religious or spiritual call to a career and may therefore require a different understanding of career counseling. This qualitative study sought to describe the process through which individuals perceive and follow a religious or spiritual call to a career, for a small sample of Roman Catholic participants. Themes emerging from the study included a sense of career choice arising from a mutual relationship with God, and struggles both with faith and with being called. Participants described various sources of support as well as challenges in following their calling. The results of the study can assist psychologists and career counselors when working with religious clients who want to incorporate religion and spirituality into the career decision-making process.
A Multiculturally Infused Model of Graduate Advising Relationships
Authors: Schlosser Lewis Z. , Lyons Heather Z. , Talleyrand Regine M. , Kim Bryan S. K. , Johnson W. Brad
Published: May 2010

In this final article of the special section, the authors offer their beginning theoretical model of graduate advising relationships. The authors’ framework characterizes the advising relationship as a multicultural endeavor. The authors offer eight theoretical propositions with the intent to articulate aspects of good advising and those variables that appear to be related to successful advising relationships. As part of this model, the authors attend to both the process and the outcome of advising relationships. The authors close with implications for research, training, and practice, and offer suggestions for future research.
Women’s Later Life Career Development: Looking Through the Lens of the Kaleidoscope Career Model
Authors: August Rachel A.
Published: May 2010

This study explores the relevance of the Kaleidoscope Career Model (KCM) to women’s later life career development. Qualitative interview data were gathered from 14 women in both the ‘‘truly’’ late career and bridge employment periods using a longitudinal design. The relevance of authenticity, balance, and challenge— central parameters in the KCM—is explored, along with the particular meanings associated with those parameters. Results demonstrate that all three parameters have relevance for older working women. In addition, as compared to studies of younger women, there were several unique meanings associated with the idea of authenticity. To a somewhat lesser extent, this was also the case with balance. The meanings of challenge were notably more consistent with those found in younger samples. Practical implications of considering the KCM parameters in reference to employee retention, combating stereotypes pertaining to age, and meeting older employees’ needs for fulfilling work are also described.
Multiple Accountabilities in Incident Reporting and Management
Authors: Hor Su-yin , Iedema Rick , Williams Katrina , White Les , Kennedy Peter , Day Andrew S.
Published: May 2010

In this article, we examine the current and increasing emphasis on accountability and patient safety in health care, focusing on practices of incident reporting and management in New South Wales, Australia. We describe the frames of accountability associated with an incident reporting system, and explore how this system manifests in practice. In contrast to literature that situates incident reporting and local practices as oppositional, we used ethnographic methods to observe the incident management practices of clinical staff in a hospital, and found evidence to characterize this relationship differently. We found that accountability has multiple conceptualizations, and we present three findings that demonstrate how the reporting system and incident management policy are interwoven with local enactments of accountability. We suggest that systematic efforts toward improvement cannot be divorced from the local context, and emphasize the importance of local ecologies of practice in facilitating the meaningful utilization of such incident reporting systems.
Regulation and Mindful Resident Care in Nursing Homes
Authors: Colón-Emeric Cathleen S. , Plowman Donde , Bailey Donald , Corazzini Kirsten , Utley-Smith Queen , Ammarell Natalie , Toles Mark , Anderson Ruth
Published: May 2010

Regulatory oversight is intended to improve the health outcomes of nursing home residents, yet evidence suggests that regulations can inhibit mindful staff behaviors that are associated with effective care. We explored the influence of regulations on mindful staff behavior as it relates to resident health outcomes, and offer a theoretical explanation of why regulations sometimes enhance mindfulness and other times inhibit it. We analyzed data from an in-depth, multiple-case study including field notes, interviews, and documents collected in eight nursing homes. We completed a conceptual/thematic description using the concept of mindfulness to reframe the observations. Shared facility mission strongly impacted staff perceptions of the purpose and utility of regulations. In facilities with a resident-centered culture, regulations increased mindful behavior, whereas in facilities with a cost-focused culture, regulations reduced mindful care practices. When managers emphasized the punitive aspects of regulation we observed a decrease in mindful practices in all facilities.
Diversity of Contexts in Drug Use Among Street Adolescents
Authors: Goncalves de Moura Yone , van der Meer Sanchez Zila , Noto Ana Regina
Published: May 2010

In this study we aimed to investigate through ethnographic methods the different contexts of drug use by street adolescents in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participant observations and semistructured interviews were performed at 11 major points of adolescent concentration in the streets of the city and in 10 care institutions. The sample was composed of 17 adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age. Data showed diverse patterns of drug use distributed by geographic situation and street circumstances. Observations were grouped into three main contexts: (a) immersion: greater intensity of drug use associated with greater involvement in the street culture; (b) surface: less drug use associated with family closeness; and (c) alternative—migratory: greater involvement with drug trafficking and prostitution associated with less family closeness and street culture. The drug use patterns varied in accordance with the diversity of street situations. Therefore, the peculiarities of each context should be taken into consideration in the development of social/ health policies.
Revision and Psychometric Properties of the Caring Assessment Tool
Authors: Duffy Joanne R. , Brewer Barbara B. , Weaver Michael T.
Published: May 2010

Evaluation of the Caring Assessment Tool (CAT) is essential for its use in the monitoring and ongoing improvement of patient–nurse relationships. This descriptive, prospective study evaluated the dimensionality and internal reliability of the instrument in a sample of hospitalized adults. In addition, reduction of items was achieved, lessening clinical and administrative burden. Data were collected from 1,111 patients in 12 U.S. hospitals in 4 geographically distinct regions. A single factor explained 73% of the variance in the construct and the number of items was reduced to 27. Internal consistency remained high (a = .97). Patient–nurse relationship data were collected safely and efficiently from hospitalized patients using a paper-and-pencil approach. The CAT holds promise for providing acute care registered nurses with the information they need to deliver reliable patient-centered care.
Problems as Building Blocks for Organizational Learning: A Roadmap for Experiential Inquiry
Authors: Yeo Roland K. , Marquardt Michael J.
Published: May 2010

This article explores the practice of problem-based learning (PBL) in organizational contexts and its contribution to organizational learning. It proposes a learning that is context dependent based on the collective participation of individuals through structured and spontaneous processes. A theory-elaboration approach was adopted by means of an interpretivist methodological paradigm. Rich data were collected from 10 PBL experts and 50 PBL users through convergent interviewing and a qualitative survey respectively. Findings suggest that looking within for answers is a first step to generating more questions for subsequent collaborative inquiry. The process is one of problem—question—reflection—learning—action requiring individuals to handle amplifying and restraining feedback loops for double-loop learning. PBL induces reflective practice and seeks an integrated epistemology.
Associations of Culture and Personality With McClelland’s Motives: A Cross-Cultural Study of Managers in 24 Countries
Authors: van Emmerik Hetty , Gardner William L. , Wendt Hein , Fischer Dawn
Published: May 2010

Using a cross-cultural sample of 17,538 managers from 24 countries, this study explores the interrelationships between McClelland’s motives and specific aggregate-level cultural dimensions and personality factors. The results reveal significant relationships between the Achievement, Affiliation, and Power Motives, and the cultural dimensions of Performance Orientation, Humane Orientation, and Power Distance, respectively. Support for posited relationships between the managers’ motives and aggregate-level personality, as measured by the Big Five factors, was also obtained. Finally, the results demonstrate that the relationships between McClelland’s motives and managers’ aggregate-level Big Five factors are moderated by the cultural dimensions of Performance Orientation, Humane Orientation, and Power Distance.
Service Quality: The Key Role of Service Climate and Service Behavior of Boundary Employee Units
Authors: Gracia Esther , Cifre Eva , Grau Rosa
Published: May 2010

This study simultaneously tests the influence of two resources that boundary employee units can use to improve service quality. The first is the boundary employee units’ perceptions of organizational values oriented toward creating a good service climate. The second is the boundary employees’ competences oriented to providing the service, that is, their own service behavior during service transactions. Moreover, organizational climate and organizational facilitators are also analyzed as antecedents of the two resources. The sample consisted of 117 boundary employee units aggregated from 349 boundary employees and 1,157 customers. Structural Equation Modeling analysis confirmed that service quality perceived by customers can be predicted by both service climate and service behavior perceived by boundary employee units. Moreover, organizational facilitators and organizational climate are significant antecedents for higher levels of service climate. Therefore, results confirm the importance of both roles in improving customer perceptions of service quality.
Screening for Depression Among Older Adults Referred to Home Care Services: A Single-Item Depression Screener Versus the Geriatric Depression Scale
Authors: McCormack Brandi , Boldy Duncan , Lewin Gill , McCormack Gavin R.
Published: May 2010

Older adults requiring home care service have a high risk of depression. Instruments for detecting depression among older adults, however, are often too long and detailed for easy administration by nontrained staff in large service-based settings.This study examined the measurement properties (test—retest reliability, concurrent validity, and cross-modality correspondence) of a single-item screener for depressive symptoms among older adults receiving home care services. Reliability was assessed ( n = 65) by administering the single-item depression screener to the same participants on two occasions 7 days apart. Validity was assessed ( n = 191) by comparing depressed participants from the single-item depression screener versus Geriatric Depression Scale (criterion measure). Responses to the single-item depression screener administered by telephone and face-to-face interview were also compared. Findings suggest that the single-item depression screener has fair levels of reliability, validity, and cross-modality correspondence and could be used among home care recipients as a screening tool, provided that depression status is confirmed via in-depth questionnaires, interviews, or a clinical diagnosis.
Keeping Community Health Care Workers Safe
Authors: Hutchings Darlene , Lundrigan Elaine , Mathews Maria , Lynch Anne , Goosney Joanne
Published: May 2010

Organizations have a responsibility to ensure the safety of staff who provide care in the community. In a survey conducted within a regional health authority in Newfoundland, health care providers reported feeling unsafe while conducting home visits. Safety initiatives were explored, and a safety program was implemented within this region to address safety concerns. The safety program includes three key components: a risk assessment screening tool, a sign-in/sign-out system, and a buddy system. This article describes the evaluation process and outcomes of these three components. The evaluation process and outcomes may be useful to other health care organizations interested in promoting workplace safety.
Empirical Evidence of Toll Road Traffic Diversion and Implications for Highway Infrastructure Privatization
Authors: Swan Peter F. , Belzer Michael H.
Published: May 2010

Little scholarly empirical work measures truckers’ elasticity of demand for limited access toll roads. How do truckers respond to pricing signals? As price increases, how extensively do truckers divert from limited-access highways to secondary roads? At what price does this diversion impose costs on secondary highways? Using a unique data set, this article demonstrates empirically the extent to which pricing leads to diversion. Diversion is substantial, and elasticity becomes increasingly negative with higher tolls. This has significant policy implications. The diversion of large trucks probably creates an externality that, if it were priced, might cause the benefits of tolling to outweigh the costs. This diversion may have a safety cost because secondary roads are inherently less safe than limited-access divided highways. In addition, second-best truck routings may introduce costly deadweight losses to the economy, damaging interstate commerce. Profit-maximizing toll road operators might exacerbate this diversion to the detriment of public welfare.
‘‘By-the-Book’’ Decision Making: How Service Employee Desire for Decision Latitude Influences Customer Selection Decisions
Authors: Bone Sterling A. , Mowen John C.
Published: May 2010

To reduce adverse customer selection, service firms are empowering employees to use decision latitude to decide whether to provide a service to a potential customer. Customer selection often requires complex decision making that involves both quantitative and qualitative customer information. The authors introduce service employees’ desire for decision latitude (DDL) as an individual difference construct that influences the processing of quantitative and qualitative information in customer selection decisions. Across several studies, the authors find that individual differences in DDL moderate how service personnel synthesize quantitative and qualitative information in customer selection decisions. Service employees who have relatively higher levels of DDL integrate quantitative and qualitative information such that the cues combine interactively. Thus, they may act as though they are going against organizational norms by allowing qualitative information to override organizational decision-making norms. Conversely, low DDL individuals appear to combine both quantitative and qualitative information in a linear pattern to influence customer selection. These results suggest that managers should employ DDL to match employees with customers so that an optimal fit occurs. Managers should examine procedures for how information should be used and provide employees with clearly defined guidelines for how to employ quantitative and qualitative information when making customer selection decisions.
Impact of Service Failure: The Protective Layer of Customer Relationships
Authors: Sajtos Laszlo , Brodie Roderick J. , Whittome James
Published: May 2010

Although there has been considerable research about service failure in the last 15 years, scholars have only recently started to examine its impact on relational constructs. This study proposes a holistic model that jointly investigates the role of company image and trust in response to service failures and their impact on the customer value-loyalty process across routine and service failure scenarios. Using survey data of a sample of 552 airline customers, the empirical results find evidence of a relational protective layer for the firm. This layer protects the customer value-loyalty process from the negative impact of service failure by exerting a halo effect on customer value and loyalty, which is concurrently magnified by this negative impact. Further analysis also indicates the diverse roles of company image and company trust in service failures, which reveals the coexistence of the buffering and magnifying effects. The findings underline that company image is the most versatile asset of the firm, and it can serve as an indicator of how service failures will affect the company. Company trust, as opposed to its passive role in routine situations, acts like a safety net in service failures by enhancing the customer’s value perception.
Current concepts and future directions in the diagnosis and management of lymphatic vascular disease
Authors: Rockson Stanley G
Published: May 2010

Despite the central, complex role for the lymphatic system in the maintenance of human health, the biology of this important and complex vasculature has been relatively under-investigated. However, the last decade has witnessed a substantial growth in the elucidation of lymphatic structural biology and the function of this system in health and in disease. These newly gained insights can be used to formulate our evolving concepts about the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to patients with lymphatic vascular disorders. In lymphedema, there is a spectrum of disease that extends from primary (heritable) to secondary (acquired) causes. Once detected, the presence of lymphatic edema mandates very specific modalities of intervention, predominated by physiotherapeutic techniques. In addition, a physiological basis for adjunctive, intermittent pneumatic compression has been established, and these modalities may be indicated in selected patient populations. The acknowledgement of a unique biology in lymphatic edemas is, increasingly, guiding research efforts within this field. Increasing investigative attention is being directed toward animal models of lymphatic vascular disease. As insight into the complex biology of the lymphatic vasculature continues to expand through focused biomedical investigation, the translation of these mechanistic insights into targeted, rationally conceived therapeutics will become increasingly feasible.
Hypotensive resuscitation
Authors: Geoghegan J. , Dennis A. , Manji M.
Published: May 2010

Hypotensive resuscitation in the trauma setting can be defined as deliberately allowing blood pressure to remain below normal until any active bleeding has been controlled. The dangers of aggressive fluid resuscitation in trauma were recognised as long ago as the First World War, in the intervening time, aggressive fluid resuscitation has become a mainstay of trauma management. More recently this trend of aggressive fluid resuscitation for trauma management seems to be reversing. Aggressive fluid resuscitation in trauma is based on animal studies from the 1950s and 1960s. These studies used models of controlled haemorrhage rather than uncontrolled haemorrhage. More recent studies using models of uncontrolled haemorrhage suggest an improved outcome with hypotensive resuscitation. Should there be a potential for uncontrolled haemorrhage a permissive hypotensive resuscitation strategy should be pursued until the haemorrhage has been controlled, but in certain types of trauma including blunt trauma and brain trauma the data is unclear as to the best fluid resuscitation strategy.
International journalists’ expectations from the US media coverage of Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Kalyango Yusuf , Eckler Petya
Published: May 2010

This study examines how international journalists evaluated the performance of the US media in the coverage of Hurricane Katrina through the concept of journalistic expectations. A survey was conducted to determine whether expectations were met and whether they differed across cultures. Data were collected from Europe, Asia/ Middle East, Africa, North America, and South America. Expectations were not met for accuracy, diversity, and skepticism but were satisfied for investigative reporting and public dialogue. Major differences existed between journalists from Europe and other continents. This study advances the concept of journalistic expectations and contributes to understanding how they vary across cultures and how international journalists evaluate their counterparts covering a major natural disaster.
On the values guiding the French practice of journalism: Interviews with thirteen war correspondents
Authors: Boudana Sandrine
Published: May 2010

What are the values guiding the French practice of journalism? What is the place of objectivity among these values? These questions were asked of 13 war correspondents working for eight of the leading French newspapers.

While objectivity is rejected as either an unattainable standard or an undesirable norm, it appears that a definition of objectivity is lacking and that this notion is often mistaken for neutrality. Three different conceptions of objectivity-as-neutrality emerge from the interviewees’ discourses: as a separation between facts and commentaries, as cautiousness in labeling and as a balance between the parties.

Can or should one of these conceptions serve as a guideline in the daily practice of journalism? The interviewees seem to be divided on this question and several propose moral values such as honesty or modesty as alternatives. The reference to moral values in turn proves problematic insofar as the focus on the journalists’ attitudes or intentions fails to address responsibility for highly consequential actions. In the end, when discussing specific dilemmas that they themselves have faced, most of the journalists quote accuracy and fairness as criteria for the evaluation of journalistic performance. ‘ Etre juste’ — meaning both to be accurate ( justesse) and to be fair ( justice) — is what is expected of a professional journalist.
The particularity of objectivity: A post-structuralist and psychoanalytical reading of the gap between objectivity-as-a-value and objectivity-as-a-practice in the 2003 Iraqi War coverage
Authors: Carpentier Nico , Trioen Marit
Published: May 2010

This article reconceptualizes journalistic objectivity by relating it to Ernesto Laclau’s discussion on univeralism and particularism, as well as to the Lacanian concepts of desire and fantasy. These reflections lead to a theoretical framework in which the particularity of objectivity is constructed at two levels: objectivity-as-a-value and objectivity-as-a-practice. First, objectivity-as-a-value is considered a particular value, which is simultaneously universalized and hegemonized as a nodal point of ‘good journalism’. Second, objectivity unavoidably needs to be materialized at the level of practice, which also renders it particular and always-imperfect. The particularity of objectivity creates a gap between journalistic ideology and practice, problematic and constitutive for both. Here, the Lacanian concepts of desire and fantasy offer an explanatory model for the desire for objective reporting and its fantasmatic realization. At the same time this fantasy turns out to be unachievable, as the particular always intervenes. To show the workings of the gap between objectivity-as-a-value and objectivity-as-a-practice, the ego-documents of one North Belgian and two Dutch Iraq War journalists are analysed. Four ways of dealing with the gap can be found in these self-reflexive journalists’ books: 1) narrating the gap; 2) explaining it by reverting to an educational stance; 3) trying to bypass it by constructing utopian and fantasmatic locations of truthfulness; and 4) reducing it by pleading for a rearticulation of journalistic ethics.
Interstitial expression of angiotensin II and AT1 receptor are increased in patients with progressive glomerulopathies
Authors: Bahiense-Oliveira Marília , Mattar Ana Lúcia , Avancini Malheiros Denise Maria , Woronik Viktoria
Published: May 2010

In animal models, interstitial angiotensin II (ang II) and AT1 receptor (AT1R) are key mediators of renal inflammation and fibrosis in progressive chronic nephropathies. We hypothesized that these molecules were overexpressed in patients with progressive glomerulopathies. In this observational retrospective study, we described the expression of ang II and AT1R by immunohistochemistry in kidney biopsies of 7 patients with minimal change disease (MCD) and in 25 patients with progressive glomerulopathies (PGPs). Proteinuria, serum albumin, and serum creatinine were not statistically different between MCD and PGP patients. Total expression of ang II and AT1R was not statistically different between MCD (108.7±11.5 and 73.2±13.6 cells/mm2, respectively) and PGN patients (100.7±9.0 and 157.7±13.8 cells/mm2, respectively; p>0.05). Yet, interstitial expression of ang II and AT1R (91.6±16.0 and 45.6±5.4 cells/mm2, respectively) was higher in patients with PGN than in those with MCD (22.0±4.1 and 17.9±2.9 cells/mm2, respectively, p<0.05), as was the proportion of interstitial fibrosis (11.0±0.7% versus 6.1±1.2%, p<005). In patients with MCD, ang II and AT1R expressions predominate in the tubular compartment (52% and 36% of the positive cells, respectively). In those with PGP, the interstitial expression of ang II and AT1R predominates (58% and 45%, respectively). In conclusion, interstitial expression of ang II and AT1R is increased in patients with progressive glomerulopathies. The relationship of these results and interstitial fibrosis and disease progression in humans warrants further investigations.
The relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism and QT dispersion in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kaya Cansin Tulunay , Gurlek Adalet , Altin Timucin , Kilickap Mustafa , Karabulut Halil Gurhan , Turhan Sibel , Ozcan Ozgur , Bokesoy Isik , Oral Dervis , Erol Cetin
Published: May 2010

Introduction: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by disorganized myocardial architecture, and may cause ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) with two deletion alleles (DD genotype) has been proposed to be associated with increased myocardial collagen content. We evaluated QT dispersion (QTd), which reflects regional differences in ventricular repolarization, in HCM patient and controls among the three different ACE genotypes.

Materials and methods: Sixty-three patients with HCM and 20 healthy subjects were included in the study. QT parameters were measured from 12 lead electrocardiograms. ACE genotypes were determined from the DNA extracted from peripheral blood by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. QT parameters were compared among the three ACE genotypes both in HCM patients and controls.

Results: Median ages were similar in HCM and control groups. QTd and corrected QTd (QTcd) were significantly greater in the HCM group compared with the controls. The frequencies of each genotype were similar in both groups. Although QTd and QTcd did not differ among the three genotypes in the control subjects, they were significantly greater in patients with DD genotype compared with other genotypes in the HCM group.

Conclusion: QTd and QTcd are increased in patients with HCM, especially in those with the DD genotype.
Association of ACE I/D polymorphism in Tunisian patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mahjoub Sinda , Mehri Sounira , Bousaada Rafik , Ouarda Fatma , Zaroui Amira , Zouari Bechir , Mechmeche Rachid , Hammami Mohamed , Ben Arab Saida
Published: May 2010

Primary cardiomyopathies are multifactorial diseases. Genetic factors other than the causal mutations in the modified genes affect the phenotypic expression of dilated cardiomyopathy. The aim of this study was to determine the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism with the risk of dilated cardiomyopathy in a Tunisian population. A total of 76 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy was compared to 151 ethnically, age- and gender-matched controls. The frequencies of the DD genotype and D allele were significantly higher in patients as compared with controls, and were associated with increased risk of dilated cardiomyopathy (ACE DD versus ID and II: OR = 3.05 (95% CI, 1.58—5.87; p = 0.001)); D versus I: OR = 2 (95% CI: 1.35—2.97; p = 0.001)). No association was found between the combined genotypes (DD+ID) or D allele and left ventricular end diastolic diameter in dilated cardiomyopathy patients with severe and moderate clinical phenotypes. DD genotype and D allele of angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D gene polymorphism are associated with increased risk of dilated cardiomyopathy in a Tunisian population but do not influence the cardiac phenotype severity.
A New Approach to the Management of Fixed Flexion Deformity of the Knee Using Ilizarov’s Principle of Distraction Histogenesis: A Preliminary Communication
Authors: Gaurav Kulshrestha , Vilas Jog
Published: May 2010

Fixed flexion deformity (FFD) of the knee causes significant patient disability and is challenging to orthopedic surgeons because of its complexity. A prospective study was conducted using Ilizarov’s principles of distraction neohistogenesis and differential distraction and Ilizarov’s ring fixator for the correction of this deformity in cases with soft-tissue contracture. This was done without any concurrent bony procedures. A prospective, uncontrolled study of 26 patients (39 knees) was conducted over a 4-year period with prior approval from the local institutional review board. Patients with FFD of the knee without bony ankylosis were treated with knee-spanning 4-ring Ilizarov’s frame and gradual differential distraction. All patients showed complete correction of deformity without any significant complications. The results of this uncontrolled study permit the observation that soft-tissue distraction across a joint using Ilizarov’s principle results in soft-tissue lengthening and correction of joint deformity caused by contractures. This technique needs further detailed examination.
A Checklist System to Score Healing Progress of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Martínez-De Jesús Fermín R.
Published: May 2010

The aim of this article was to validate the checklist contribution of 10 factors relevant to healing in order to score the severity of diabetic foot ulcers. A total of 235 patients from January 2007 to January 2009 were scored according to the Saint Elian Wound Score System from mild to severe (1 to 3) in the following categories: location, topographic aspects, and number of affected zones, ischemia, infection, edema, neuropathy, depth, area, and wound healing phase. The score sum was graded as I (score ≤10, good prognosis for wound healing), II (11-20, partially foot-threatening), and III (21-30, limb- and life-threatening). The 10 categories showed an increasing trend for score severity. Grade I ulcers were associated with an excellent healing rate of 96% ( P < .001) and minor amputations prevailed at grade II (11.2%; odds ratio [OR] = 3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.3-23.6). The chances for major amputation (40.6%; OR = 6.1, 95% CI = 2.7-13.4) and mortality (15.6%; OR = 32.7, 95% CI = 3.7-287) were significantly higher for grade III patients ( P < .001). The mean time of healing for grades I, II, and III was 5.8 ± 5.8, 9.4 ± 10.5, and 14.4 ± 12.1 weeks, respectively. In all, 80% of patients achieved total wound healing at 8, 20, and 37 weeks for grades I, II, and III, respectively ( P < .001; Kaplan—Meier). The results validated the checklist contribution of 10 wound factors to scoring the severity and healing progress of diabetic foot ulcers.
Leadership Development in an Electronic Frontier: Connecting Theory to Experiential Software Through Supplemental Materials
Authors: Standifer Rhetta L. , Thiault Pierre , Pin Richard
Published: May 2010

Recently, experiential software has emerged as a new pedagogical tool. This technology promotes both an individualized student experience and an opportunity for classwide, instructor-based learning. However, it is often difficult for students to make connections between their technological experiences and concepts taught in class. In this article, the author discuss one response to this issue—development of supplemental materials to accompany a simulation-based product, SimuLearn’s vLeader. This pedagogical pairing represents an accompanying text specifically designed to link theoretical concepts potentially introduced across a range of courses to skills practiced in one experiential program. Through this, the authors hope to embrace a new pedagogical frontier while retaining the best of instructor-oriented coaching, resulting in richer learning outcomes for students.
The Role of Personally Transformative Learning in Leadership Development: A Case Study
Authors: Ciporen Rachel
Published: May 2010

This study examined if personally transformative learning (PTL) experienced during a month-long executive education program enhanced leaders’ ability to generate positive individual and organizational outcomes, and identified key supports and barriers that affected the leaders’ ability to transfer learning gained at the program to their organizations and personal lives. Pre- and postprogram interview transcripts and 360-degree feedback reports were the main data sources. Findings suggest that PTL has a lasting positive impact on leadership style. Actionable recommendations are provided for leveraging learning gained at executive programs and for minimizing barriers to transfer, along with criteria for identifying programs with transformative potential.
The Management Curriculum and Assessment Journey: Use of Baldrige Criteria and the Occupational Network Database
Authors: Thompson Kenneth R. , Koys Daniel J.
Published: May 2010

Improving the ability to set and assess learning outcomes for students has been a challenging task and not one that has been well documented or executed. This article presents a protocol for the development of a content- and skills-based management curriculum that is based on the Malcolm Baldrige National Performance Criteria and the U.S. Department of Labor’s O*NET database as a means to define learning outcomes and to assess skills-based performance measures. The O*NET database has career-related data for 965 occupations. Because the data are collected from thousands of job incumbents in a representative sample of the U.S. labor force, this database can be used to help determine the desired learning outcomes of employers. In this article we first look at existing means to evaluate the quality of an academic management program through the popular press ranking criteria and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) standards. Then the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Program Criteria and Balanced Scorecard will be applied to the establishment of standards of performance as an alternative way of measuring learning. Next, the U.S. Department of Labor’s O*NET database will be used to demonstrate how to define specific needed skills for an MBA or undergraduate management program. Bringing together the elements of the Baldrige Award criteria and O*NET database will help focus management education into a learning outcome mentality that better meets AACSB accreditation standards and managerial job requirements.
Building a Culture That Encourages Strategic Thinking
Authors: Goldman Ellen F. , Casey Andrea
Published: May 2010

The ability to think strategically is critical for leaders and managers at multiple organizational levels. Specific work experiences can contribute to the development of an individual’s strategic thinking ability. Culture, among other organizational factors, can either encourage or limit those contributions. Leaders, as culture constructors and transformers, can act to maximize the relationship between organizational culture and the process of learning to think strategically. A cadre of formal training, developmental activities, and self-directed learning initiatives can provide leaders with the skills to enhance the strategic thinking of those they lead.
Developmental Interactions for Business Students: Do They Make a Difference?
Authors: D'Abate Caroline
Published: May 2010

Internships, mentoring, and collaborative projects are three forms of developmental interactions that students can use to acquire knowledge, gain advice, and get support to guide them through the transition to postcollege life. The current research used data from undergraduate senior business majors and a cohort of alumni 3 to 5 years after graduation to examine the short-term and early career outcomes of such developmental experiences. The results suggest that, compared with not having developmental interaction experiences, (a) being mentored leads to more psychosocial support in the short-term and more career development, business knowledge, and psychosocial support once a student has graduated and is working for 3 to 5 years; (b) engaging in a collaborative student project leads to more career development, business knowledge, and psychosocial support; and (c) doing an internship results in more career development support, more job satisfaction, more career satisfaction, more organizational commitment, and faster promotion rates. These findings suggest that making multiple developmental interactions part of a management education curriculum can help students better prepare for the working world.
External and Internal Terror: The Effects of Terrorist Acts and Economic Changes on Intimate Femicide Rates in Israel
Authors: Sela-Shayovitz Revital
Published: May 2010

Most studies dealing with the effects of security stress (e.g., stress caused by war or terrorist attacks) on crime rates have tended to focus on violent crime in general. This article adds to the existing literature by extending the focus to the effect of security and economic stressors during the Second Intifada in Israel on intimate femicide. In addition, the study investigates temporal patterns in the representation of intimate femicide rates among various groups in Israeli society. The results show that during the Second Intifada, intimate femicide rates among immigrants from Ethiopia and the former Soviet Union were significantly higher than in the preintifada period. Furthermore, the findings indicate that intimate femicide committed with a firearm among immigrants significantly increased during the course of the intifada period.
Media Literacy and Communication Rights
Authors: O'Neill Brian
Published: May 2010

/ The dominant discourse of media literacy policy espouses an ethical individualism within the digital media environment in which the source of moral values and principles, and the basis of ethical evaluation, is the individual. In this perspective, even vulnerable citizens such as children and young people, who tend to be in the vanguard of new media adoption, are required to negotiate the risks and opportunities of the online world with diminishing degrees of institutional support from trusted information sources. Noticeably absent from this discourse is any consideration of the notion of communication rights. Examining an alternative conceptualization of media literacy identifies it as a fundamental human right as important as other forms of literacy. Examining some of the ethical challenges that citizens now face in the digital world, the article argues that a rights-based framework is required to address the challenges posed for media literacy education.
Freedom of Expression and Information in a Democratic Society
Authors: Voorhoof Dirk , Cannie Hannes
Published: May 2010

The right to freedom of expression and information is guaranteed by Article (10) of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) in all 47 member states of the Council of Europe. The jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECrtHR) applying Article (10) is to be considered an authoritative international standard regarding the protection of this human right, including the right to express, impart and receive opinions and information without interference by public authorities. The Court’s case law has manifestly helped to create an added value for the effective protection of freedom of expression, journalistic freedom, freedom of the media, the right to receive information and public debate in the Convention’s member states. However, some recent restrictive trends in the Court’s approach have raised serious concerns regarding the (future) level of protection of freedom of speech and press freedom in Europe. This article focuses on the most important characteristics of the right to freedom of expression and information under the European human rights system and discusses some challenges for the future.
Weakened Links Between Mind and Body in Older Age: The Case for Maturational Dualism in the Experience of Emotion
Authors: Mendes Wendy Berry
Published: May 2010

As neuroscience methods begin to dominate emotion research it is critical for researchers to remember that peripheral embodiments are critical to understanding emotional experience and emotion—behavior links. Much of modern emotion research assumes reliable mind—body connections that suggest that changes in emotional states influence bodily responses and, vice versa, that somatovisceral information shapes emotional experiences. However, there may be important qualifications to the link between the mind and the (peripheral) body. For example, the ability to sense internal and external bodily states declines in older age as does activation of physiological systems, all of which may contribute to an impairment in emotional experiences and how emotions influence behavior. I describe this phenomenon as maturational dualism and suggest implications of this for emotion in older adults.
Challenges and prospects for pharmacotherapy in functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Sanger Gareth J. , Lin Chang  , Bountra Chas , Houghton Lesley A.
Published: May 2010

Functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia, are complex conditions with multiple factors contributing to their pathophysiology. As a consequence they are difficult to treat and have posed significant challenges to the pharmaceutical industry when trying to develop new and effective treatments. This review provides an overview of these difficulties and how the industry is reshaping its drug developmental strategies. It describes some of the more significant and encouraging advances that have occurred, and discusses how future research might embrace the opportunities provided by advances in genetic and in particular, epigenetic research.
The Dynamics of Green Restaurant Patronage
Authors: Hu Hsin-Hui , Parsa H.G. , Self John
Published: May 2010

This study specifically discusses the relationships between consumers’ knowledge of a restaurant’s sustainable practices, environmental concern, and ecological behavior and their intention to patronize a “green” restaurant. The results revealed that consumers’ knowledge of sustainable restaurant practices and environmental concerns were important determinants of consumers’ intentions to patronize green restaurants. Demographic variables, age of consumers, education levels, and income levels were found to be significant in assessing patronage of green restaurants.
Internal Relationship Marketing: Korean Casino Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment
Authors: Back Ki-Joon , Lee Choong-Ki , Abbott JeAnna
Published: May 2010

This study examined the relationship between the following key variables: internal service quality, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, self-esteem, and organizational commitment. The study sought to identify ways to improve casino employees’ job satisfaction, further enhance employees’ organizational commitment, and possibly decrease job turnover intention. A total of 328 Korean casino dealers responded to a survey questionnaire developed to test the study model. Results showed that all internal service quality dimensions (i.e., training, communication, and perceived benefits) positively influenced job satisfaction, as did self-efficacy. Job satisfaction subsequently and concurrently influenced self-esteem and organizational commitment. Based on study findings, management can glean practical implications for enhancing the quality of effective communication strategies, career development programs, and empowerment.
Breastfeeding the Vulnerable Toddler
Authors: Novak Patricia
Published: May 2010

The benefits of breastfeeding for the first 6 months are well established for both the typically and atypically developing infant. As the infant develops, complementary foods are introduced to provide nutrients that breast milk can no longer provide in quantities sufficient to meet nutrient needs. Breastfeeding beyond a year continues to confer significant health, emotional, and cognitive benefits, yet for the vulnerable child, the nursing process may interfere with establishing appropriate solid food intake and weight gain. Vulnerable toddlers include those more likely to have early feeding problems: children with reflux, constipation, allergies, or sensory processing issues. Social-emotional concerns presenting in parent or child may influence the toddler’s frequency of nursing and the mother’s milk supply. The clinician should be aware of the potential risk for breastfeeding to interfere with solid food intake when medical or developmental concerns reduce interest in complementary foods. Social supports for parent and child as well as more intensive management of nursing allow for both breastfeeding to continue and appropriate complementary food intake.