bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seed-coat thickness explains contrasting germination responses to smoke and heat in Leucadendron
Authors: Lamont Byron B. , Gómez Barreiro Pablo , Newton Rosemary J.
Published: July 2022

Fire stimulates the germination of most seeds in fire-prone vegetation. Fruits of Leucadendron (Proteaceae) are winged achenes or nutlets that correlate with their requirements for smoke and/or heat in promoting germination. We describe five possible smoke–heat dormancy-release/germination syndromes among plants, of which Leucadendron displays three (no response, smoke only, smoke and heat). As seed-coat thickness varies with seed-storage location (plant or soil) and morphology (winged or wingless), we tested its possible role in water uptake and germination. Species with winged seeds achieved 100% germination in the absence of smoke/heat, seed coats were an order of magnitude thinner, and their permeability greatly exceeded that of nutlets. As seed-coat thickness increased (1) imbibitional water uptake declined at a decreasing rate, and (2) the response to smoke, and to a lesser extent heat, increased linearly to reach levels of germination approaching those of winged seeds. For species responsive to smoke and heat, there was no additive effect when applied together, suggesting that they may have promoted the same physiological process. We conclude that seed-coat thickness holds the key to germination requirements in this genus, independent of seed-storage location or morphology. By what mechanisms (1) the smoke response is greater the thicker the seed coat and (2) smoke chemicals might increase water permeability to explain the non-additive effect of smoke and heat, warrant further investigation.
Improving Virtual Workshopping: Reflections from an Online Community of Migration Ethics Scholars
Authors: Buckinx Barbara , Buechel Benedikt , Silverman Stephanie J.
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is hastening the shift of the world of work and study to online, remote, and flexible hours. The political science profession and its attributes of conferencing and workshopping will likely follow suit. To help direct this flow into relationships of reciprocity and scholarly co-creation, this article details the experiences of a successful online workshopping community known as the Normative Theory of Immigration Working Group (NTIWG). For the past 10 years, this voluntary association comprising 88 migration ethics scholars has been meeting routinely and exclusively online to workshop penultimate drafts of research papers. Three workshop conveners here reflect on the joys of group participation and mutual learning and listening. With the intention of smoothing the way for like-minded groups to emerge and solidify, we elaborate our group’s animating values and its learned-by-doing rules for scheduling, moderating, and offering feedback online. In the spirit of collectively facing the diversity and equity challenges confronting the future of political science, we conclude by reviewing steps that we are taking to address our own challenges of inclusivity.
Effort inference and prediction by acoustic and movement descriptors in interactions with imaginary objects during Dhrupad vocal improvisation
Authors: Paschalidou Stella
Published: July 2022

In electronic musical instruments (EMIs), the concept of “sound sculpting” was proposed by Mulder, in which imaginary objects are manually sculpted to produce sounds, although promising has had some limitations: driven by pure intuition, only the objects’ geometrical properties were mapped to sound, while effort—which is often regarded as a key factor of expressivity in music performance—was neglected. The aim of this paper is to enhance such digital interactions by accounting for the perceptual measure of effort that is conveyed through well-established gesture-sound links in the ecologically valid conditions of non-digital music performances. Thus, it reports on the systematic exploration of effort in Dhrupad vocal improvisation, in which singers are often observed to engage with melodic ideas by manipulating intangible, imaginary objects with their hands. The focus is devising formalized descriptions to infer the amount of effort that such interactions are perceived to require and classify gestures as interactions with elastic versus rigid objects, based on original multimodal data collected in India for the specific study. Results suggest that a good part of variance for both effort levels and gesture classes can be explained through a small set of statistically significant acoustic and movement features extracted from the raw data and lead to rejecting the null hypothesis that effort is unrelated to the musical context. This may have implications on how EMIs could benefit from effort as an intermediate mapping layer and naturally opens discussions on whether physiological data may offer a more intuitive measure of effort in wearable technologies.
Towards higher-dimensional structured light
Authors: He Chao , Shen Yijie , Forbes Andrew
Published: July 2022

Structured light refers to the arbitrarily tailoring of optical fields in all their degrees of freedom (DoFs), from spatial to temporal. Although orbital angular momentum (OAM) is perhaps the most topical example, and celebrating 30 years since its connection to the spatial structure of light, control over other DoFs is slowly gaining traction, promising access to higher-dimensional forms of structured light. Nevertheless, harnessing these new DoFs in quantum and classical states remains challenging, with the toolkit still in its infancy. In this perspective, we discuss methods, challenges, and opportunities for the creation, detection, and control of multiple DoFs for higher-dimensional structured light. We present a roadmap for future development trends, from fundamental research to applications, concentrating on the potential for larger-capacity, higher-security information processing and communication, and beyond.
Complex extracellular biology drives surface competition during colony expansion in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Jautzus Theresa , van Gestel Jordi , Kovács Ákos T
Published: July 2022

Many bacteria grow on surfaces in nature, where they form cell collectives that compete for space. Within these collectives, cells often secrete molecules that benefit surface spreading by, for example, reducing surface tension or promoting filamentous growth. Although we have a detailed understanding of how these molecules are produced, much remains unknown about their role in surface competition. Here we examine sliding motility in Bacillus subtilis and compare how secreted molecules, essential for sliding, affect intraspecific cooperation and competition on a surface. We specifically examine (i) the lipopeptide surfactin, (ii) the hydrophobin protein BslA, and (iii) exopolysaccharides (EPS). We find that these molecules have a distinct effect on surface competition. Whereas surfactin acts like a common good, which is costly to produce and benefits cells throughout the surface, BslA and EPS are cost-free and act locally. Accordingly, surfactin deficient mutants can exploit the wild-type strain in competition for space, while BslA and EPS mutants cannot. Supported by a mathematical model, we show that three factors are important in predicting the outcome of surface competition: the costs of molecule synthesis, the private benefits of molecule production, and the diffusion rate. Our results underscore the intricate extracellular biology that can drive bacterial surface competition.
6-qubit optimal Clifford circuits
Authors: Bravyi Sergey , Latone Joseph A. , Maslov Dmitri
Published: July 2022

Clifford group lies at the core of quantum computation—it underlies quantum error correction, its elements can be used to perform magic state distillation and they form randomized benchmarking protocols, Clifford group is used to study quantum entanglement, and more. The ability to utilize Clifford group elements in practice relies heavily on the efficiency of their circuit-level implementation. Finding short circuits is a hard problem; despite Clifford group being finite, its size grows quickly with the number of qubits n, limiting known optimal implementations to n = 4 qubits. For n = 6, the number of Clifford group elements is about 2.1 × 1023. In this paper, we report a set of algorithms, along with their C implementation, that implicitly synthesize optimal circuits for all 6-qubit Clifford group elements by storing a subset of the latter in a database of size 2.1TB (1kB = 1024B). We demonstrate how to extract arbitrary optimal 6-qubit Clifford circuit in 0.0009358 and 0.0006274 s using consumer- and enterprise-grade computers (hardware) respectively, while relying on this database. We use this implementation to establish a new example of quantum advantage by Clifford circuits over CNOT gate circuits and find optimal Clifford 2-designs for up to 4 qubits.
CaliPopGen: A genetic and life history database for the fauna and flora of California
Authors: Beninde Joscha , Toffelmier Erin M. , Andreas Aarron , Nishioka Celina , Slay Meryl , Soto Ashley , Bueno Justin P , Gonzalez Germar , Pham Hannah V. , Posta Molly , Pace Jordan L. , Shaffer H. Bradley
Published: July 2022

CaliPopGen is a database of population genetic data for native and naturalized eukaryotic species in California, USA. It summarizes the published literature (1985–2020) for 5,453 unique populations with genetic data from more than 187,394 individuals and 448 species (513 species plus subspecies) across molecular markers including allozymes, RFLPs, mtDNA, microsatellites, nDNA, and SNPs. Terrestrial habitats accounted for the majority (46.4%) of the genetic data. Taxonomic groups with the greatest representation were Magnoliophyta (20.31%), Insecta (13.4%), and Actinopterygii (12.85%). CaliPopGen also reports life-history data for most included species to enable analyses of the drivers of genetic diversity across the state. The large number of populations and wide taxonomic breadth will facilitate explorations of ecological patterns and processes across the varied geography of California. CaliPopGen covers all terrestrial and marine ecoregions of California and has a greater density of species and georeferenced populations than any previously published population genetic database. It is thus uniquely suited to inform conservation management at the regional and state levels across taxonomic groups.
Spatial and Temporal Characterization of Activity in Public Space, 2019–2020
Authors: Brelsford Christa , Moehl Jessica , Weber Eric , Sparks Kevin , Tuccillo Joseph V. , Rose Amy
Published: July 2022

The data reported here characterize spatial and temporal variation in the ratio of short-to-long-duration visits in public places (i.e., points of interest) in the United States for each week between January 2019 and December 2020. The underlying data on anonymized and aggregated foot traffic to public places is curated by SafeGraph, a geospatial data provider. In this work, we report the estimated number and duration of “short” (i.e., <4 hours) and “long” (i.e., >4 hours) visits to public places at the US census block group level. Long visits are shown to be a good proxy for workers based on formal economic data. We propose that short visits are more likely to represent nonobligate activities: people visiting a public place for leisure, shopping, entertainment, or civic or cultural engagement. Our work constructs a ratio of short to long visits, which can be used to inform population estimates for nonworker use of public space. These data may be useful for understanding how people’s use of public space has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and, more generally, for understanding activity patterns in public.
Time delays and risk factors in the management of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis: nationwide cohort study
Authors: Ko Yousang , Min Jinsoo , Kim Hyung Woo , Koo Hyeon-Kyoung , Oh Jee Youn , Jeong Yun-Jeong , Kang Hyeon Hui , Kang Ji Young , Kim Ju Sang , Lee Sung-Soon , Park Jae Seuk , Kwon Yunhyung , Yang Jiyeon , Han Jiyeon , Jang You Jin
Published: July 2022

Estimating the time delay and identifying associated factors is essential for effective tuberculosis control. We systemically analysed data obtained from the Korea Tuberculosis Cohort in 2019 by classifying delays as presentation and healthcare delays of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Of 6593 patients with active PTB, presentation and healthcare delays were recorded in 4151 and 5571 patients, respectively. The median presentation delay was 16.0 (5.0–40.0) days. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that longer presentation delays were associated with neuropsychiatric disease [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.098; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.639–2.687; p < 0.001] and heavy alcohol intake (adjusted OR 1.505; 95% CI 1.187–1.907; p < 0.001). The median healthcare delay was 5.0 (1.0–14.0) days. A longer healthcare delay was associated with malignancy (adjusted OR 1.351; 95% CI 1.069–1.709; p = 0.012), autoimmune disease (adjusted OR 2.445; 95% CI 1.295–4.617; p = 0.006), and low bacterial burden manifested as an acid-fast bacillus smear-negative and tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction-negative status (adjusted OR 1.316; 95% CI 1.104–1.569; p = 0.002). Active case-finding programmes need to focus on patients with heavy alcoholism or neuropsychiatric diseases. To ensure early PTB detection, healthcare providers must carefully monitor patients with malignancy, autoimmune disease, or a high index of suspicion for PTB.
Virtual reality for the observation of oncology models (VROOM): immersive analytics for oncology patient cohorts
Authors: Lau Chng Wei , Qu Zhonglin , Draper Daniel , Quan Rosa , Braytee Ali , Bluff Andrew , Zhang Dongmo , Johnston Andrew , Kennedy Paul J. , Simoff Simeon , Nguyen Quang Vinh , Catchpoole Daniel
Published: July 2022

The significant advancement of inexpensive and portable virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality devices has re-energised the research in the immersive analytics field. The immersive environment is different from a traditional 2D display used to analyse 3D data as it provides a unified environment that supports immersion in a 3D scene, gestural interaction, haptic feedback and spatial audio. Genomic data analysis has been used in oncology to understand better the relationship between genetic profile, cancer type, and treatment option. This paper proposes a novel immersive analytics tool for cancer patient cohorts in a virtual reality environment, virtual reality to observe oncology data models. We utilise immersive technologies to analyse the gene expression and clinical data of a cohort of cancer patients. Various machine learning algorithms and visualisation methods have also been deployed in VR to enhance the data interrogation process. This is supported with established 2D visual analytics and graphical methods in bioinformatics, such as scatter plots, descriptive statistical information, linear regression, box plot and heatmap into our visualisation. Our approach allows the clinician to interrogate the information that is familiar and meaningful to them while providing them immersive analytics capabilities to make new discoveries toward personalised medicine.
Life before impact in the Chicxulub area: unique marine ichnological signatures preserved in crater suevite
Authors: Rodríguez-Tovar Francisco J. , Kaskes Pim , Ormö Jens , Gulick Sean P. S. , Whalen Michael T. , Jones Heather L. , Lowery Christopher M. , Bralower Timothy J. , Smit Jan , King David T. , Goderis Steven , Claeys Philippe
Published: July 2022

To fully assess the resilience and recovery of life in response to the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary mass extinction ~ 66 million years ago, it is paramount to understand biodiversity prior to the Chicxulub impact event. The peak ring of the Chicxulub impact structure offshore the Yucatán Peninsula (México) was recently drilled and extracted a ~ 100 m thick impact-generated, melt-bearing, polymict breccia (crater suevite), which preserved carbonate clasts with common biogenic structures. We pieced this information to reproduce for the first time the macrobenthic tracemaker community and marine paleoenvironment prior to a large impact event at the crater area by combining paleoichnology with micropaleontology. A variable macrobenthic tracemaker community was present prior to the impact (Cenomanian–Maastrichtian), which included soft bodied organisms such as annelids, crustaceans and bivalves, mainly colonizing softgrounds in marine oxygenated, nutrient rich, conditions. Trace fossil assemblage from these upper Cretaceous core lithologies, with dominant Planolites and frequent Chondrites, corresponds well with that in the overlying post-impact Paleogene sediments. This reveals that the K-Pg impact event had no significant effects (i.e., extinction) on the composition of the macroinvertebrate tracemaker community in the Chicxulub region.
GPR87 promotes tumor cell invasion and mediates the immunogenomic landscape of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bai Rui , Zhang Jianguo , He Fajian , Li Yangyi , Dai Panpan , Huang Zhengrong , Han Linzhi , Wang Zhihao , Gong Yan , Xie Conghua
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the association between G protein-coupled receptor 87 (GPR87) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) metastasis and immune infiltration. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets extract clinical data. According to the TCGA database, increased GPR87 expression predicts poor overall survival, progression-free interval, and disease-specific survival in LUAD patients. The meta-analysis also reveals a significant association between high GPR87 expression and poor overall survival. Moreover, functional experiments demonstrate that GPR87 silencing reduces LUAD cell invasion and migration. Immunoblotting shows that GPR87 knockdown decreased Vimentin and N-cadherin expression and increased E-cadherin expression in LUAD cells. GPR87 expression in LUAD is positively correlated with immune infiltration. In addition, GPR87 expression is associated with immune and chemotherapy resistance in LUAD patients. Our findings indicate that GPR87 promotes tumor progression and is correlated with immune infiltration, suggesting GPR87 as a possible biomarker for prognosis prediction in LUAD.
Toughening and stabilizing MOF crystals via polymeric guest inclusion
Authors: Iizuka Tomoya , Hosono Nobuhiko , Uemura Takashi
Published: July 2022

Improving the mechanical properties and stability of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is of significant interest due to their practical applications.
Thermodynamics of metallocene catalyst activation: alignment of theory and experiment
Authors: Linnolahti Mikko , Collins Scott
Published: July 2022

Reliable computation of solution free energy for reactions relevant in metallocene catalyst activation requires specific consideration of solvent interactions and separate study of vibrational, rotational and translational contributions to entropy.
PNIPAAm microgels with defined network architecture as temperature sensors in optical stretchers
Authors: Hauck Nicolas , Beck Timon , Cojoc Gheorghe , Schlüßler Raimund , Ahmed Saeed , Raguzin Ivan , Mayer Martin , Schubert Jonas , Müller Paul , Guck Jochen , Thiele Julian
Published: July 2022

Stretching living cells with light is a key method to assess their mechanics. To estimate the heat, cells experience during this procedure, microgels are utilized to relate temperature changes – caused by optical stretchers – to hydrogel swelling.
A generalized machine learning model for predicting ionic conductivity of ionic liquids
Authors: Dhakal Pratik , Shah Jindal K.
Published: July 2022

Machine learning predictions indicate possibility for high ionic conductivity ionic liquids.
Developing low-loss and temperature-stable Ban(Zr,Nb)n−1O3n (n = 7, 8) microwave dielectric ceramics by investigating the relationship between the structure and properties
Authors: Zhang Pengcheng , Li Hao , Chen Xiaoqing , Liu Shucheng , Wen Quanzhang , Li Canbing , Xiao Hanning
Published: July 2022

The variation of τf is regulated by the tolerance factor in BaO–Zr/Sn/TiO2–Nb2O5 systems. Novel Ba7Zr2Nb4O21 and Ba8Zr3Nb4O24 ceramics developed by adjusting the tolerance factor show excellent microwave dielectric properties.
Bifunctional NiFe LDH as a piezoelectric nanogenerator and asymmetric pseudo-supercapacitor
Authors: Veeralingam Sushmitha , Gunasekaran Sivagaami Sundari , Badhulika Sushmee
Published: July 2022

Lead-free nickel–iron layered-double hydroxide (NiFe LDH) nanomaterial is used to fabricate a self-powered unit based on a piezoelectric nanogenerator and high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC).
Petal-like and cube-like manganese silicates derived from natural reed leaves for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Shaoqing , Cui Miao , Zhang Yifu , Li Zirong , Meng Changgong
Published: July 2022

N, P, S-Doped petal-like and cube-like C–(Mn2O3)3MnSiO3 are derived from reed leaves and used in supercapacitors.
Regioselective oxidative C–H heptafluoroisopropylation of heteroarenes with heptafluoroisopropyl silver
Authors: Tong Chao-Lai , Xu Xiu-Hua , Qing Feng-Ling
Published: July 2022

The regioselective C–H heptafluoroisopropylation of heteroarenes with heptafluoroisopropyl silver provided convenient access to a wide range of CF(CF3)2-containing heteroarenes.
A comprehensive review on phytochemistry and pharmacology of genus Kopsia: monoterpene alkaloids – major secondary metabolites
Authors: Hop Nguyen Quang , Son Ninh The
Published: July 2022

Monoterpene alkaloids (466 isolated compounds) are major components, and anticancer activity is characteristic of Kopsia constituents.
Hollow spherical nucleic acid structures based on polymer-coated phospholipid vesicles
Authors: Haladjova Emi , Petrova Maria , Ugrinova Iva , Forys Aleksander , Trzebicka Barbara , Rangelov Stanislav
Published: July 2022

Oligonucleotide strands are grafted on the surface of polymer-coated phospholipid liposomes to produce hollow spherical nucleic acids. The constructs are able to bind complementary sequences and to enter cells without the need of transfection agents.
Active colloid with externally induced periodic bipolar motility and its cooperative motion
Authors: Kato Airi N. , Takeuchi Kazumasa A. , Sano Masaki
Published: July 2022

Reciprocating colloids exhibit Active Brownian Particle (ABP)-like dynamics and cluster formation.
Emergent collective dynamics of pusher and puller squirmer rods: swarming, clustering, and turbulence
Authors: Zantop Arne W. , Stark Holger
Published: July 2022

We identify different collective states as a function of the hydrodynamic force-dipole strength, aspect ratio, and density of the rods.
The fate of liquid crystal topological defects on chemically patterned surfaces during phase transitions
Authors: Pawale Tejal , Yi Shengzhu , Wang Xiaowei , Zhang Rui , Li Xiao
Published: July 2022

Controlling topological defects in liquid crystals (LCs) is an essential element in the development of areas such as directed self-assembly and micropatterning materials.
Photochemical construction of the ZnCdS/PO/FeCoNiPi–MnO composite for efficient tandem application of photocatalytic partial water splitting and overall water splitting
Authors: Song Jingang , Su Hai-Yan , Fang Ming , Han Lu , Chu Jiayu , Li Chao , Miao Rongrong , Yao Wenlong , Zhang Gang , You Ao
Published: July 2022

A ZCS/PO/FCNPi–MO composite was constructed by a two-step photochemical synthesis strategy and used for efficient tandem application of photocatalytic partial water splitting and overall water splitting.
Machine learning with quantum chemistry descriptors: predicting the solubility of small-molecule optoelectronic materials for organic solar cells
Authors: Yao Chuang , Li Xin , Yang Yezi , Li Lei , Bo Maolin , Peng Cheng , Wang Jinshan
Published: July 2022

A general solution prediction model was developed by using the smallest set of quantum chemistry descriptors.
Tailoring MXene-based films as moisture-responsive actuators for continuous energy conversion
Authors: Yang Luyu , Zhang Lei , Cui Jian , Sun Dongping
Published: July 2022

PD-rGOMX actuators were fabricated by interlayer bridging and densification of MXene and rGO flakes, and a moisture-driven generator for generating electricity from moisture was designed by coupling the actuators and piezoelectric elements.
Double perovskite Cs2NaInCl6 nanocrystals with intense dual-emission via self-trapped exciton-to-Tb3+ dopant energy transfer
Authors: Li Huwei , Tian Long , Shi Zhan , Li Yao , Li Chengyu , Feng Jing , Zhang Hongjie
Published: July 2022

Tb3+,Sb3+ co-doped Cs2NaInCl6 NCs with high PLQYs display dual-emission via energy transfer from self-trapped excitons to Tb3+. By further introducing Mn2+, the warm WLED device has been fabricated.
Color-tunable emission from violet-blue to pure-blue based on 5,9-disubstituted pyrene derivativesviaengineering of aryl-side groups
Authors: Xie Fuli , Yang Xilin , Jin Pengcheng , Wang Xiao-Tian , Ran Huijuan , Zheng Rong , Lei Zheng , Zhang Hailu , Su Shi-Jian , Hu Jian-Yong
Published: July 2022

By attaching a few kinds of two aryl-side groups into pyrene core at 5,9-positions, five pyrene-based color-tunable blue emitters have been developed for highly efficient nondoped and doped blue OLEDs.
Enhanced thermoelectric performance by resonant vibrational mode-selective density-of-states distortions
Authors: Birch Shantonio W. , Pipe Kevin P.
Published: July 2022

As the number of photons (Nph) is increased to augment the coupling of IR light to C–C stretching vibrations, a resonant four-step process is shown to improve power factor by maximizing asymmetries in the tail distribution of conducting carriers.
Solar-assisted all-solid supercapacitors using composite nanostructures of ZnO nanowires with GO and rGO
Authors: Altaf Cigdem Tuc , Rostas Arpad Mihai , Mihet Maria , Lazar Mihaela Diana , Iatsunskyi Igor , Coy Emerson , Erdem Emre , Sankir Mehmet , Sankir Nurdan Demirci
Published: July 2022

Solar-powered energy storage using integrated photo-supercapacitor (PSC) systems is drawing significant attention as a potential solution for the current energy problems.
Incidence of Poststroke Depression in Patients With Poststroke Dysphagia
Authors: Horn Janet , Simpson Kit N. , Simpson Annie N. , Bonilha Leonardo F. , Bonilha Heather S.
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Poststroke dysphagia and poststroke depression (PSD) can have devastating effects on stroke survivors, including increased burden of care, higher health care costs, poor quality of life, and greater mortality; however, there is a dearth of research examining depression in patients diagnosed with dysphagia after stroke. Thus, we aimed to study the incidence of PSD in patients with poststroke dysphagia to provide foundational knowledge about this patient population.

Method:

We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of individuals with a primary diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and secondary diagnoses of dysphagia and/or depression using administrative claims data from the 2017 Medicare 5% Limited Data Set.

Results:

The proportion of depression diagnosis in patients with poststroke dysphagia was significantly higher than the proportion of depression diagnosis in those without poststroke dysphagia during acute hospitalization: 12.01% versus 9.52%, respectively (
p
= .003).

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrated that persons with poststroke dysphagia were as, or slightly more, likely to have PSD compared to the general stroke population, and to our knowledge, they establish the first reported incidence of PSD in Medicare patients with dysphagia after AIS. Future research is warranted to further explore the effects of PSD on poststroke dysphagia.
HI-H2 transition: Exploring the role of the magnetic field
Authors: Skalidis R. , Tassis K. , Panopoulou G. V. , Pineda J. L. , Gong Y. , Mandarakas N. , Blinov D. , Kiehlmann S. , Kypriotakis J. A.
Published: July 2022

Context. Atomic gas in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) is organized in filamentary structures. These structures usually host cold and dense molecular clumps. The Galactic magnetic field is considered to play an important role in the formation of these clumps.

Aims. Our goal is to explore the role of the magnetic field in the HI-H2 transition process.

Methods. We targeted a diffuse ISM filamentary cloud toward the Ursa Major cirrus where gas transitions from atomic to molecular. We probed the magnetic field properties of the cloud with optical polarization observations. We performed multiwavelength spectroscopic observations of different species in order to probe the gas phase properties of the cloud. We observed the CO (J = 1−0) and (J = 2−1) lines in order to probe the molecular content of the cloud. We also obtained observations of the [C ii] 157.6µm emission line in order to trace the CO-dark H2 gas and estimate the mean volume density of the cloud.

Results. We identified two distinct subregions within the cloud. One of the regions is mostly atomic, while the other is dominated by molecular gas, although most of it is CO-dark. The estimated plane-of-the-sky magnetic field strength between the two regions remains constant within uncertainties and lies in the range 13–30 µG. The total magnetic field strength does not scale with density. This implies that gas is compressed along the field lines. We also found that turbulence is trans-Alfvénic, with MA ≈ 1. In the molecular region, we detected an asymmetric CO clump whose minor axis is closer, with a 24° deviation, to the mean magnetic field orientation than the angle of its major axis. The H i velocity gradients are in general perpendicular to the mean magnetic field orientation except for the region close to the CO clump, where they tend to become parallel. This phenomenon is likely related to gas undergoing gravitational infall. The magnetic field morphology of the target cloud is parallel to the H i column density structure of the cloud in the atomic region, while it tends to become perpendicular to the H i structure in the molecular region. On the other hand, the magnetic field morphology seems to form a smaller offset angle with the total column density shape (including both atomic and molecular gas) of this transition cloud.

Conclusions. In the target cloud where the H i–H2 transition takes place, turbulence is trans-Alfvénic, and hence the magnetic field plays an important role in the cloud dynamics. Atomic gas probably accumulates preferentially along the magnetic field lines and creates overdensities where molecular gas can form. The magnetic field morphology is probed better by the total column density shape of the cloud, and not its H i column density shape.
Ca II triplet spectroscopy of Small Magellanic Cloud red giants
Authors: De Bortoli B. J. , Parisi M. C. , Bassino L. P. , Geisler D. , Dias B. , Gimeno G. , Angelo M. S. , Mauro F.
Published: July 2022

Aims.In this paper we analyze the chemical evolution of the main body of the SMC, adding six additional clusters to previously published samples, based on homogeneously determined and accurate metallicities.

Methods.We derived radial velocities and Ca II Triplet (CaT) metallicity of more than 150 red giants stars in six SMC star clusters and their surrounding fields, with the instrument GMOS on GEMINI-S. The mean cluster radial velocity and metallicity were obtained with mean errors of 2.2 km s−1and 0.03 dex, while the mean field metallicities have a mean error of 0.13 dex. We add this information to that available for another 51 clusters and 30 fields with CaT metallicities on the same scale. Using this expanded sample we analyze the chemical properties of the SMC main body, defined as the inner 3.4° in semimajor axis.

Results.We found a high probability that the metallicity distribution of the main body clusters is bimodal with a metal-rich and a metal-poor cluster group, having mean metallicities with a dispersion ofμ = −0.80,σ = 0.06 andμ = −1.15,σ = 0.10 dex, respectively. On the other hand, main body field stars show a unimodal metallicity distribution peaking at [Fe/H] ∼ −1 and dispersion of 0.3. Neither metal-rich nor metal-poor clusters present a metallicity gradient. However, the full main body cluster sample and field stars have a negative metallicity gradient consistent with each other, but the one corresponding to clusters has a large error due to the large metallicity dispersion present in the clusters studied in that region. Metal-rich clusters present a clear age–metallicity relation, while metal-poor clusters present no chemical enrichment throughout the life of the galaxy.

Conclusions.We present observational evidence that the chemical enrichment is complex in the SMC main body. Two cluster groups with potential different origins could be coexisting in the main body. More data with precise and homogeneous metallicities and distances are needed and dynamical simulations are required to understand the possible different origins for the two cluster groups.
Mini Review: Lactoferrin-binding protein of Streptococcus in Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Iqomah Meta , Arisona Alek , Daru Prasetya Imawan , Soedarmanto Adretta , Yanuartono  , Indarjulianto Soedarmanto
Published: July 2022

Bovine mastitis is an udder inflammation mostly found in dairy cattle that causes enormous economic losses. Streptococcus is a bacterium that is often found in mastitis, including Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis. These three species have lactoferrinbinding protein (LBP) as one of their virulence factors. Lactoferrin is a host innate immune protein that acts as antibacterial, immunomodulator, anti-adhesion, and has iron-binding properties. The LBP on the surface of Streptococcus could bind to lactoferrin produced by host cells. Uniquely, the three Streptococcus bacteria showed different responses to lactoferrin. The lactoferrin-LBP bound on S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae was known to inhibit their penetration ability into the host epithelial cells, on the contrary, in S. uberis it could enhance their ability to invade the cells. This paper aims to review the role of the lactoferrin-binding protein of Streptococcus in bovine mastitis.
Comparison of Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio Between Pregnant and Lactation of Thin-Tail Sheep
Authors: Fitriani Nurul , Astuti Pudji , Mona Airin Claude , Sarmin  , Adianto Nur
Published: July 2022

The albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio can be an immunological indicator of sheep which can be influenced by reproductive status such as pregnant and lactation conditions. However, a study of A/G ratio during pregnant and lactation in thin-tailed sheep is still lack. This study aimed to determine the levels of A/G ratio in thin-tailed sheep during pregnancy and lactation. This study used twelve of ewes thin-tailed sheeps (seven pregnant sheeps, and five lactating sheeps) rearing in Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Blood samples were collected through the jugular vein and filled into the EDTA tube and then albumin and total protein were measured. The levels of globulin were calculated by subtracting the total protein with albumin. The mean of A/G ratio in pregnant and lactation thin-tailed sheep was 0.72±0.18, and 0.57±0.15, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significantly difference in A/G ratio between pregnant and lactation (P>0.05). In conclusion, the difference in physiological status (pregnancy versus lactation) had no significant effect on the A/G ratio in thin-tailed sheep.
Chloroform Fraction of Cucumis melo L. ‘Gama Melon Parfum’ Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cell T47D and MCF7
Authors: Salamah Rohmi , Widiyanto Slamet
Published: July 2022

Nature is the source of various types of phytochemicals. Some of them are unique chemical compounds only found in certain plants. For example, Cucurbitacin is found in the family Cucurbitaceae. Cucumis melo 'Gama Melon Parfum' (GMP) is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family. Unlike melons in general, GMP melons have a bitter taste. The taste is caused by the high Cucurbitacin content. These compounds are known as anti-cancer. This study aims to identify Cucurbitacin in GMP melons and determine their effects on T47D and MCF7 breast cancer cells. GMP melon fruit medium phase (20DAA) was macerated by methanol and continued by fractionation with chloroform. Cucurbitacin B compounds in the chloroform fraction were identified using HPLC. A cell cytotoxicity test was carried out using an MTT assay with five concentration variations of the chloroform fraction. They were 7.8125, 15,625, 31.25, 62.5, and 125μg/ml. The apoptosis test was carried out using the flow cytometry method with five concentration variations of the chloroform fraction. They were 1, ½, ¼, 1/10, and 1/100 IC50. The results showed that Cucurbitacin B was found in the chloroform fraction with a concentration of 15.69 μg/mL per 1 mg of the chloroform fraction. The IC50 values of T47D and MCF7 cells, respectively, were 98 and 10 μg/ml. The apoptotic test on MCF7 cells showed that at a concentration of 1/100 IC50, the chloroform fraction was able to induce cells to undergo apoptosis.
The Physical Activity Level Of Medical Students Does Not Correlate With Their Sleep Quality And Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS)
Authors: Karina Riskawati Yhusi , Umsy Alfarabyn Salsabil , Anggraeni Soeroso Devita , Rakhmatiar Rodhiyan
Published: July 2022

One of the main causes of non-communicable diseases is an unhealthy lifestyle. One of the examples is a lack of physical activity. Physical activity is important for good sleep quality and prevents excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), which can interfere with productivity. This observational analysis with a cross-sectional study approach aims to determine the relationship between the level of physical activity and sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness in medical students at the faculty of medicine, Universitas Brawijaya. 444 respondents were included in this study. The level of physical activity was measured using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and EDS was measured with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The results showed that 230 (51.8%) respondents had moderate levels of physical activity, 286 students (64.4%) had poor sleep quality, and 291 students (65.5%) did not experience EDS. The results of the Chi-square correlation test showed p-values of 0.508 and 0.470 for the relationship between physical activity, sleep quality, and EDS, respectively. It can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the level of physical activity and sleep quality, and EDS. Further study with many other factors needs to be done to determine the contributing factors to sleep quality and EDS.
Implementation of One Health Approach for Malaria Zoonotic Control in Indonesia: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Khairani Shafia , Sagasiousman Randi
Published: July 2022

Malaria zoonotic, Plasmodium knowlesi threatens the global development of malaria elimination. Even though current control efforts have been implemented, the prevalence of malaria zoonotic in Indonesia cannot be ignored. Conventional measures to control malaria in humans ignore the transmission of residual P. knowlesi between hosts and natural primate vectors. Attempting to manage Plasmodium knowlesi transmission should try applying the One Health approach theme, which focuses on the management of the infectious disease agent to be researched at the man-animal-ecosystem interface. This review will present a brief history of malaria knowlesi in Indonesia, risk factors, and the application of the one health approach that has been carried out in the past until now. Furthermore, the efforts to optimize the one health approach in the future, especially in controlling and eradicating malaria, were presented. This condition suggests an integrative control strategy through improving surveillance methods and understanding the risks associated with disease transmission in line with the One Health approach. It is also recommended that Indonesian policymakers facilitate multidisciplinary collaborative research on incidence rates, clinical spectrum, clusters, and geographical distribution of Plasmodium knowlesi transmission. They impose ecological regulations that restrict forest transformation and encourage ecosystem regeneration. Hence, combining solitary protective measures, promoting malaria control strategies that improve health insurance, mosquitobased food traps, and biocontrol strategies in synergy with current control practices are expected to minimize transmission capacity.
Boundary regularity of minimal oriented hypersurfaces on a manifold
Authors: Steinbrüchel Simone
Published: July 2022

In this article we prove that all boundary points of a minimal oriented hypersurface in a Riemannian manifold are regular, that is, in a neighborhood of any boundary point, the minimal surface is a C1,¼ submanifold with boundary.
Behandlung, Verlauf und Therapieerfolg der Neuropathie des Nervus tibialis bei Deutsch-Holstein Kühen
Authors: Kaiser Anne , Kaiser Matthias , Brehm Walter , Spilke Joachim , Dettmann Steve , Klose Kristin , Starke Alexander
Published: July 2022

Gegenstand und Ziel Nach bereits publizierten Ergebnissen dieser prospektiven Studie zu Vorkommen, Vorbericht, klinischem Bild der Neuropathie des N. tibialis (Tibialis-Neuropathie, TN) war es Ziel auf Behandlung und Prognose dieser Erkrankung einzugehen.

Material und Methoden Von 88 Deutsch-Holstein-Kühen mit ein- (ETN, n = 71) und beidseitiger (BTN, n = 17) TN konnten Daten von 68 Kühen (56 ETN, 12 BTN) ausgewertet werden. Sie wurden retrospektiv 4 Gruppen zugeteilt: ohne Behandlung – spontane Ausheilung innerhalb 48 h (Spontan, 5 ETN), kein Verband (0Cast, 8 ETN, 3 BTN) bzw. mit Behandlung mit Antiphlogistika und Stützverband (StV, 3 ETN) oder Kunstharzverband (Cast, 40 ETN, 9 BTN). Zu 5 Zeitpunkten (14, 21, 28, 42, 56 d nach Erstvorstellung) erfolgten Kontrollen der behandelten Kühe. Zur letzten Kontrolle erfolgte bei 29 Kühen, wie bereits zur Erstvorstellung, eine Bestimmung der Plasma-Kreatinkinase-Aktivität.

Ergebnisse Bei behandelten Kühen mit ETN wurde eine deutlich höhere Ausheilungsrate beobachtet als bei unbehandelten Kühen (Cast 98 % und StV 100 % vs. 0Cast 62 %). Im Vergleich dazu war der beobachtete Unterschied zwischen behandelten und unbehandelten Kühen mit BTN nicht so deutlich (78 % vs. 67 %). Die ermittelte Überlebensdauer der Kühe nach Ausheilung der TN war höher als ohne Ausheilung (545 d vs. 100 d). Die initial erhöhten Plasma-Kreatinkinase-Aktivitäten näherten sich nach Behandlung wieder dem Referenzbereich (434 U/l vs. 152 U/l).

Schlussfolgerungen Insbesondere für die ETN ist nach Therapie mit Antiphlogistika und stabilisierendem Verband die Prognose als sehr gut anzusehen. Bei BTN war die Prognose abhängig von Art und Grad der Primärschädigung. Hinweise für eine schlechte Prognose waren insbesondere Ausfälle der Hautsensibilität. Bei guter Prognose ist die Therapie der TN aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht zu empfehlen, da in dieser Studie die Kühe nach Ausheilung im Mittel bis mindestens zur darauffolgenden Laktation gehalten werden konnten.

Klinische Relevanz Die Studie verdeutlicht die Vorteile der Behandlung mit einem stabilisierenden Verband im Ausheilungsverlauf der TN. Bei der TN scheint im Vergleich zu Neuropathien anderer peripherer Nerven die Schädigung der Muskulatur von besonderer Bedeutung für das Krankheitsgeschehen zu sein.
Auswirkung einer Nabeldesinfektion auf die Nabelgesundheit beim Kalb
Authors: Lang Dorothee , Sickinger Marlene , Wehrend Axel
Published: July 2022

Gegenstand und Ziel Nabelentzündungen beim Kalb sind eine regelmäßig vorkommende Erkrankung. Zur Prophylaxe wird oftmals eine frühzeitige Desinfektion des Nabels nach der Geburt empfohlen. Inwiefern diese Empfehlung wissenschaftlich belegt ist, sollte im Rahmen einer Literaturrecherche analysiert werden.

Material und Methoden Im Rahmen einer Literaturrecherche wurden nur Studien beachtet, in denen die Effektivität dieser Maßnahme hinsichtlich der Prävention von Nabelinfektionen untersucht wurde. Eine klinische Datengrundlage musste vorliegen.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt konnten nur 6 Studien gefunden werden, die den Effekt einer Nabeldesinfektion als prophylaktische Maßnahme untersucht haben. Nur in einer Studie konnte ein präventiver Effekt nachgewiesen werden.

Schlussfolgerung Einschränkend muss jedoch festgehalten werden, dass alle Studien methodische Mängel aufwiesen, sodass derzeit keine Daten dazu vorliegen, ob sich eine Nabeldesinfektion beim Kalb positiv auf die Nabelgesundheit auswirkt.
Histopathological Changes on Liver Architecture Due to Toxic Effect of Chromium with Protective Role of Vitamin E on Albino Rats: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kausar Hina , Tripathi Alok , Kaushik Ram Kumar , Khare Satyam , Jain Shilpi , Raizaday Shobhit
Published: July 2022

Introduction This histopathological study was done with an aim to learn about the biohazardous effects of chromium toxicity with protective role of alpha-tocopherol on liver parenchyma of albino rat when fed orally.

Materials and Methods The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy at Subharti Medical College, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh), India, in collaboration with Department of Pathology and Pharmacology.

The experiment was conducted as per the guidelines of the Committee for Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals, with registration number 1204/PO/Re/S/2008/CPSEA, and with permission of the Animal Ethical Committee, on 36 adult male rats of ∼60 days of age; 140 ± 20 g of body weight was used; all the experimental animals were kept in polypropylene cage, and fed with pellet diet and water.

Result When exposed to chromium for long, it resulted in toxicity and damaged the cellular components during reduction process of chromium by releasing of free radicals, leading to deoxyribonucleic acid damage, but the chain-breaking antioxidant effects of alpha-tocopherol played an important role by reversing the damage caused by chromium toxicity, hence proved hepatoprotective.

Conclusion Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) is proved to be hepatoprotective against hepatotoxic effect of chromium metal.
Impact of Use of Social Media on Adolescent's Mental Health in a Tier 2 City—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sohane Arpit , Ghanghoriya Pawan , Tiwari Asha
Published: July 2022

Background Social media has been defined as a form of electronic communication that is used for communication and expression of thoughts. It is a boon for the young generation as it has a lot of positive impacts like global connectivity, easy/inexpensive communication, and sharing of information; however, it is associated with serious adverse effects/imprints on the mental health of adolescent's developing brain.

Method This was an observational, cross-sectional study on 200 students from two government schools. After obtaining consent from parents and teacher, students were asked to fill a preprinted form containing a 12-point survey questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory for assessment of depression, and a 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (12-item GHQ) for the assessment of common mental health disorders. Obtained data was analyzed among social media users and nonusers.

Results The study included 200 adolescents, 84 (42%) were of 11th standard and 116 (58%) were of 12th standard. Eighty-five adolescents (42.5%) were males and 115 (57.5%) were females; median age was 14 years. The mean Beck Depression Inventory score among users was 11.47 +7.54 as compared with 6.702 +6.67 among nonusers, p = 0.0005, significant. The mean 12-item GHQ score among users was 7.631 + 5.37 as compared with 7.05 + 5.79 among nonusers, p = 0.5589, insignificant. About 82.8% students used WhatsApp, 39.8% used Facebook, 40.4% used Instagram, 26.9% used Snapchat, and 17.17% used YouTube.

Conclusion Majority of adolescents are using social media nowadays and are found to have various mental health problems in this study. This highlights the importance of awareness among parents, teachers, and adolescent health-care providers.