bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Introduction of Hydrazone, Hydrazide, or Azepane Moieties to the Triterpenoid Core Enhances an Activity Against M. tuberculosis
Authors: Kazakova Oxana B. , Medvedeva Natalya I. , Smirnova Irina E. , Lopatina Tatyana V. , Veselovsky Alexander V.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Triterpenoids exhibit a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to synthesize a series of nitrogen derivatives based on lupane, oleanane, and ursane triterpenoids with high antitubercular activity.

Methods:

Isonicotinoylhydrazones were prepared via the reaction of 3-oxotriterpenic acids or betulonic aldehyde with isoniazid (INH) in yields of 54-72%. N-Acylation of betulonic or azepanobetulinic acids led to lupane C28 hydrazides and dihydrazides. The derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37RV and single-drug resistance (SDR)-TB in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, USA. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the possible binding modes of investigated compounds in the active site of Diterpene synthase (Rv3378c).

Results:

The obtained compounds are represented by C3 or C28 conjugates with hydrazine hydrate or INH. Some compounds demonstrated from high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC ≤ 10 μg/mL) to excellent (MICs from 0.19 to 1.25 μg/mL) activity against MTB H37RV. Two lupane conjugates with INH were the leading compounds against MTB H37RV and some SDR-strains with MICs ranged from 0.19 to 1.70 μg/mL. Molecular docking of active compounds to diterpene synthase showed that these moieties accommodate the active site of the enzyme.

Conclusions:

It was revealed that the conjugation of lupanes with INH at C3 is more effective than at C28 and the lupane skeleton is preferable among oleanane and ursane types. The replacement of native hexacarbocyclic A ring to seven-member azepane ring is favorably for inhibition of both MTB H37RV and SDR-strains. These data could possibly mean that the antitubercular activity against INH-resistant strains (INH-R) came from both triterpenoid and isoniazid parts of the hybrid molecules. Azepanobetulin showed the highest activity against both INH-R strains in comparison with other triterpenoids and INH. Thus, the introduction of hydrazone, hydrazide (dihydrazide), or azepane moieties into the triterpenoid core is a promising way for the development of new anti-tubercular agents.
Molecular Dynamics Assisted Mechanistic Insight of Val430-Ala Mutation of Rv1592c Protein in Isoniazid Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Kumar Arbind , Anand Pradeep K. , Chandel Saahil , Shrivatava Anju , Kaur Jagdeep
Published: January 2020

Background::

Multi drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major health threat to humans.
Whole genome sequencing of several isoniazid (INH) resistant strains of M. tuberculosis revealed
mutations in several genes. Rv1592c was demonstrated as lipolytic enzyme and its expression was
up-regulated during isoniazid (INH) treatment. The valine at position 430 of Rv1592c was mutated
to alanine frequently in the INH resistant strain of M. tuberculosis.

Methods:

In this report, an array of computational approaches was used to understand the role of
Val430-Ala mutation in Rv1592c in INH resistance. The impact of mutations on structural stability
and degree of INH modification was demonstrated using the molecular dynamics method. The
mutation in the Rv1592c gene at V430 position was created by the PCR primer walking method.
Mutant and wild type gene was cloned into E. coli-mycobacteria shuttle vector (pVV-16) and expressed
in Mycobacterium smegmatis system. The isoniazid susceptibility assay was performed by
agar plate culture spot and CFUs count assay.

Results:

This study demonstrated that the Val430 in Rv1592c makes the part of flap covering the
substrate binding cavity. Mutation at Val430-Ala in Rv1592c caused the displacement of the flap
region, resulting in uncovering a cavity, which allows accessibility of substrate to the active site
cleft. The Val430-Ala mutation in Rv1592c created its structure energetically more stable. RMSD,
RMSF and Rg simulation of mutant maintained overall stability throughout the simulation period
while the native protein displayed comparatively more fluctuations. Moreover, docking studies
showed that INH was bound into the active pocket of the mutant with considerable binding energy
(−6.3 kcal/mol). In order to observe constant binding for INH, complexes were simulated for 50
ns. It was observed that after simulation, INH remained bound in the pocket with an increased molecular
bonding network with the neighbor amino acid residues. In vitro studies clearly suggested
that M. smegmatis expressing mutant has a better survival rate in isoniazid treatment as compared
to wild type.

Conclusion:

Overall, this study at the outset suggested that the mutation observed in drug resistant
strain provides stability to the Rv1592c protein and increased affinity towards the INH due to flap displacement,
leading to the possibility for its modification. In vitro results supported our in silico findings.
Effects of the Ferrule Design on Fracture Resistance to Endodontically-Treated Teeth Restored with Fiber Posts: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khabadze Zurab , Mordanov Oleg , Taraki Ferdaus , Magomedov Omargadzhi , Kuznetsova Anastasiya , Solimanov Shamil , Nazhmudinov Shamil , Bokova Roza , Adzhieva Anzhela , Bakaev Yunus
Published: January 2020

The ferrule is considered to be a key element in teeth preparation when restoring using a fiber post. It helps to resist occlusal forces, maintain cement tightness and minimize stress concentration on restoration using posts.

Aim:

The aim of this review is to determine the influence of the ferrule design in endodontically-treated teeth using fiber posts on their fracture resistance.

Materials and Methods:

The electronic databases examined were Medline, Scopus, and PubMed from April 2019 to October 2019. The studies were selected using well-established inclusion criteria.

Results:

In total, 79 articles were identified, 16 of which were selected after considering the titles and abstracts. After reading the full-text articles, the total number of articles included in this review was 7 with a low risk of bias.

Conclusion:

A full ferrule with a maximum height is the best design for resistance to fractures in all groups of teeth, but if it is impossible to provide this condition, the ferrule height from the palatal/lingual wall of the tooth should be increased.

The PROSPERO ID: 153543.
Evaluation of Accuracy and Completeness of Electronic Dental Records in a Dental School Setting
Authors: Meisha Dalia E.
Published: January 2020

Background:

High-quality data in Electronic Dental Records (EDR) is essential for dental schools to provide high-quality patient care, improve dental students’ professionalism, and support a platform for research. Therefore, ensuring data quality in EDRs is extremely important.

Objective:

To perform a quality appraisal of EDRs by evaluating their accuracy and completeness.

Methods:

This was a Cross-sectional Observational Study conducted over four consecutive years in a dental school setting. Manual chart reviews were performed on an annual basis. EDR data were audited for accuracy and completeness. Accuracy was evaluated by comparing the entered data with an external source, where possible. An EDR data field was considered complete if it was not missing.

Results:

A total of 1,720 de-identified chart reviews were studied. The accuracy of the data to identify the patient was 93%. The completeness of the essential components of EDRs was 48-94%. Completeness was highest for documenting the patient’s chief complaint (94%) and the lowest for recall plan (48%). Completeness of data documenting social and behavioral determinants of health in EDRs was 36-77%, with the highest proportion of completeness in this domain being for oral hygiene habits, smoking habits, and social history.

Conclusion:

The quality appraisal of EDRs varied according to the data field. Understanding patterns of accuracy and completeness in EDRs will guide training and quality enforcement activities.
Evaluation of Biofilm Formation and Anti-biofilm Properties of Peganum Harmala and Crocus Sativus in Shigella Flexneri Clinical Isolates
Authors: Jalili Mahsa , Amraei Mansour , Sadeghifard Nourkhoda , Ghafourian Sobhan
Published: January 2020

Background:

Biofilm formation causes many serious problems in the treatment of bacterial infections. In addition, chronic infections due to biofilm formation can pose a huge burden to the health care systems. Also, many bacteria are biofilm producers as an important strategy for pathogenicity. Furthermore, the traditional use of herbal medicines such as Peganum harmala and Crocus sativus in Iran is interesting.

Objective:

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the biofilm formation in Shigella flexneri clinical isolates and to evaluate the anti-biofilm properties of P. harmala and C. sativus on Shigella flexneri clinical isolates.

Methods:

For the study purpose, Thirty S.flexneri clinical isolates were collected from Ahvaz, Iran. Then, the collected bacteria were subjected to biofilm formation assay. Afterward, P. harmala and C. sativus were applied as an anti-biofilm formation in S. flexneri.

Results & Conclusion:

Our results demonstrated that a significant number of samples were identified as strong biofilm producers. Then, P. harmala and C . sativus in a concentration of 30μg/ml and 60μg/ml were able to eradicate a strong biofilm formation in S. flexneri, respectively. In addition, it seems that more extensive studies and in vivo research should be done to confirm their properties.
Incidence and Bacterial Etiologies of Surgical Site Infections in a Public Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Kalayu Alem A. , Diriba Ketema , Girma Chuchu , Abdella Eman
Published: January 2020

Background:

Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are among the frequently reported healthcare-acquired infections worldwide. Successful treatment of SSIs is affected by the continuous evolvement of drug-resistant microbes. This study investigated the incidence of SSIs, identifying the major etiologic agents and their drug resistance patterns in Yekatit 12 Hospital, Ethiopia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 649 patients who underwent surgery at Yekatit 12 hospital from April 2016 to April 2017. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected from each patient on admission. After surgery, they were followed for SSI occurrence. SSI was initially diagnosed by a senior surgeon based on standard clinical criteria and then confirmed by culture. Isolates were tested for drug resistance according to the clinical and laboratory standards institute guideline.

Results:

Of the 649 study participants, 56% were females. Their age ranged from 9 months to 88 years with a median age of 37 years. The incidence of culture-confirmed SSI was 10.2% (66/649) where 73 isolates were recovered. About two-third of the isolates were Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated (27/73, 37%) followed by Coagulase-negative staphylococci (18/73, 24.7%), Escherichia coli (11/73, 15.1%) and Klebsiella species (10/73, 13.7%). About 89% and 44% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively. MRSA constituted 11% of the S. aureus isolates. All the Gram-negative isolates were resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but susceptible to amikacin and meropenem. Klebsiella species showed 70-100% resistance to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, augmentin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cefepime and gentamicin. About 82% of E. coli isolates were resistant for chloramphenicol, cefepime, ceftazidime, augmentin, cefuroxime and 64% for gentamicin and ciprofloxacin.

Conclusion:

The incidence of surgical site infection in Yekatit 12 hospital is 10.2%. Most of the SSIs were due to Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative isolates showed high resistance to the most commonly prescribed drugs. No resistance was found for meropenem indicating the absence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria. SSI treatments should be guided by culture and drug resistance test. Better infection prevention practices and continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in the hospital are recommended for better patient care.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Frequency of PER-1, SHV-1 and AMPC Type B-Lactamase Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Samples
Authors: Amoudizaj Fatemeh F. , Aghayi Elnaz , Matin Milad G. , Soltani Nayemeh , Mala Pejman
Published: January 2020

Background:

The existence of Extended Spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL) genes plays an important role in spreading B-lactam antibiotic resistance in the producing strains of these enzymes. The resistance of gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to different antimicrobial agents, especially B-lactams, has increasingly been reported.

Objective:

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of TEM-1and VEB-1 beta-lactamases gene in P. aeruginosa isolates through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method.

Methods:

100 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from different clinical samples. The antibiotic susceptibility was examined by the disc diffusion method. The presence of PER-1, SHV-1 and AMPC genes was detected by PCR method.

Results:

Out of the studied P. aeruginosa isolates, 7, 9 and 37 isolates were positive for PER-1, SHV-1 and AMPC B-lactamases resistance genes, respectively. Patients with urinary infection had the most resistant isolates. All isolates (100%) were sensitive to polymyxin B.

Conclusion:

Antibiotic resistance in isolates of Pseudomonas can be caused by B-lactamases resistance genes. Noticing the increasing rate of the ESBLs producing strains, using the appropriate treatment protocol based on the antibiogram pattern of the strains is highly recommended.
Molecular Study of Norovirus in Pediatric Patients with Gastroenteritis
Authors: El Sayed Zaki Maysaa , Eid Abdel-Rahaman , El Ashry Amany Y. , M. Al-Kasaby Nashwa
Published: January 2020

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to detect the prevalence of norovirus and genotypes determination by real-time PCR among children below 18 years as an etiology of acute gastroenteritis and to compare rapid detection of norovirus by Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) to virus detection by real-time PCR.

Methods:

The research was a cross-sectional study conducted on children below 18 years complaining of community-acquired acute gastroenteritis. A stool sample was subjected to direct-antigen detection by ELISA for norovirus and molecular study by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

The study included 200 children with acute gastroenteritis with a mean age of 6.7±3.8 years. Norovirus antigen was detected by EIA in 34.5% and by real-time PCR in 30.5% of studied children with genotype GII, the predominant detected genotype (80.97%). Both real-time PCR and antigen detection of norovirus were positive in 43 (70.5%) of the children and negative in 113(81.3%) of the studied children. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy for antigen detection by ELISA were 70.5%, 81.3%, 62.3%, 86.3% and 78%, respectively. Comparison between patients positive for norovirus and those negative for norovirus by real-time PCR revealed non-significant difference as regards age, sex, the season of occurrence and residence.

Conclusion:

The present study highlights that norovirus prevalence is common among pediatric patients with gastroenteritis above 5 years with GII genotype as the prevalent genotype. There was a significant correlation between positive and negative results of antigen detection of norovirus by ELISA and detection of RNA of norovirus by real-time PCR in stool samples. However, the screening for norovirus by ELISA has limited sensitivity and needs to be associated with a molecular method for accurate diagnosis of sporadic cases of gastroenteritis.
Integrating Microbiome Network: Establishing Linkages Between Plants, Microbes and Human Health
Authors: Krishna Suresh B. N. , Dubey Anamika , Malla Muneer A. , Kothari Richa , Upadhyay Chandrama P. , Adam Jamila K. , Kumar Ashwani
Published: January 2020

The trillions of microbes that colonize and live around us govern the health of both plants and animals through a cascade of direct and indirect mechanisms. Understanding of this enormous and largely untapped microbial diversity has been the focus of microbial research from the past few decades or so. Amidst the advancements in sequencing technologies, significant progress has been made to taxonomically and functionally catalogue these microbes and also to establish their exact role in the health and disease state. In comparison to the human microbiome, plants are also surrounded by a vast diversity of microbes that form complex ecological communities that affect plant growth and health through collective metabolic activities and interactions. This plant microbiome has a substantial influence on human health and environment via its passage through the nasal route and digestive tract and is responsible for changing our gut microbiome. This review primarily focused on the advances and challenges in microbiome research at the interface of plant and human, and role of microbiome at different compartments of the body’s ecosystems along with their correlation to health and diseases. This review also highlighted the potential therapies in modulating the gut microbiota and technologies for studying the microbiome.
Management and Comorbidities in Middle-European Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective, Cross-sectional Comparison with COMORA Data
Authors: Levytskyi Myroslav , Maier Sarah , Schirmer Michael
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To assess disease-specific characteristics and comorbidities in consecutive Middle-European Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients, and to compare results with international data.

Methods:

Cross-sectional retrospective analysis of consecutive RA patients from a Middle-European outpatient service. Data are compared to those of the international “Co-morbidity in Rheumatoid Arthritis” (COMORA) cohort.

Results:

80 RA patients with mean disease duration of 10.6 ± 8.3 years were enrolled within 5 months. Age was 62 ± 13 years and 75% were female. The Middle-European cohort showed slightly lower disease activity than the Austrian COMORA subcohort. 88.8% of all Middle-European RA patients were in remission or had low disease activity. Despite comparable disease characteristics, the percentage of patients ever treated with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) was lower in the middle-European cohort (36.3%) than in the Austrian subcohort of COMORA (59%), but similar to the international COMORA cohort (39%). More smokers were in the Austrian COMORA subcohort (48.0) than in the Middle-European (22.5%) and the COMORA cohort (13%). Hypertension (38.8%) and osteoporosis (30.0%) were the most frequent comorbidities.

Conclusion:

Comparison of RA patients from this Middle-European cohort with the Austrian COMORA subcohort showed less frequent use of bDMARDs during disease course – probably according to the local referral structure. 88.8% of the Middle-European RA-patients achieved the treat-to target-aim of remission or low disease activity.
Social Nurses’ Descriptions of Nursing: A Qualitative Study of What Social Nursing is and Does?
Authors: Dideriksen Tine Louise , Lisby Marianne , Brünés Nina , Dreyer Pia
Published: January 2020

Background:

In the meeting between socially marginalised patients and somatic hospitals, healthcare systems often encounter complex challenges related to health inequalities that are difficult to resolve. To help reduce these challenges, a nursing approach employing a nurse (RN) with in-depth knowledge of socially marginalised patients and competences in rehabilitation (“social nurse”) has contributed to diminish health inequalities. However, further insight into the potential benefits of social nursing is required.

Aim:

To examine how social nurses describe and experience the social nursing approach situated at somatic hospitals.

Methods:

A qualitative study of social nurses’ descriptions and experiences with a social nurse approach included eight Danish hospitals. One male and 12 female nurses (n=13) employed as social nurses at somatic hospitals participated. Thirteen semi structured interviews were conducted using the methodological frameworks of phenomenology and hermeneutics. The interviews were analysed employing a method inspired by the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur’s theory of interpretation.

Results:

Four themes emerged from the analysis: 1) A unique expertise encompassing experience and evidence-based knowledge 2) coordination towards a common goal to reduce patients’ vulnerability, 3) to see and understand patients as whole persons, thereby assuring successful treatment and 4) working with the system to avoid losing the patients.

The themes describe a unique expertise emerging from focusing healthcare efforts on the socially marginalised patients and the system in charge.

Conclusion:

The study indicated that the social nurse approach is a holistic nursing approach. Applying this approach allows for optimised treatment that fosters a more equal outcome across the spectrum of socially marginalised patients. The social nurse approach may contribute to diminishing health inequalities.
Determinants of Women Access to Healthcare Services in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Dominic Azuh , Ogundipe Adeyemi , Ogundipe Oluwatomisin
Published: January 2020

Background:

The study examined the socio-economic determinants of women access to healthcare services in Sub-Saharan Africa for the period 1995-2015.

Methods:

The study adopted the dynamic panel model and estimated it using the System Generalized Method of Moments in a bid to overcome the endogeneity problem inherent in the model of study.

Result:

The study harmonized the theoretical strands in the literature by describing the measure of access determinants as three main components; i. Health service availability, ii. Health service utilization and iii. Health service decision.

Conclusion:

The indicators of health service availability such as community health workers, physicians, nurses and midwives and hospital beds improve women's access to healthcare facilities in Africa. Also, health service utilization indicators such as population density worsen the quality of healthcare services available to women while electricity access and private health expenditure enhance women’s access to quality healthcare delivery. Health service decision indicators such as female bank account ownership, female labour force participation, attainment of basic education and female household headship were important in enhancing women's access to healthcare facilities. Generally, women's health outcomes were more responsive to health service utilization; implying that service utilization is an important proof of healthcare access in Africa.
Childhood Addiction in Iran: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Jafarnezhad Aboubakr , Tirgari Batool , Khanjani Narges
Published: January 2020

Background:

Nowadays, addiction is one of the major world crises, which threatens the lives of many people and imposes serious damage on families, societies, and especially children who are the most vulnerable. The aim of this study was to explain the process and reasons of addiction among children in Iran.

Methods:

The present study was a qualitative grounded theory study. Participants were selected based on the study objective from addicted children or the personnel of welfare centers working with addicted children. Accordingly, 11 adults and 3 children were interviewed. The Strauss and Corbin method (1998) was used to analyze the data.

Results:

The facilitating factors for addiction included social factors (unsafe outside environment, addicted relatives, social pitfalls and easy access to drugs), economic factors (poverty, lack of proper facilities at home), educational factors (parent's low educational, not understanding social problems), religious factors (low adherence to religious beliefs), and family factors (incompetent parents, the absence of parents, lack of attention to the child, lack of supervision on child behavior and contacts).

Conclusion:

Effectives step in preventing and reducing children's addiction can be achieved by increasing awareness among parents and families, teaching life skills to children and their peers through schools, teachers and social workers.
ARRANGEMENT WITH GARDENS AND PARKS IN COUNTRY HOMESTEADS OF KURSK CITY. PART II. COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE AND GARDENS AND PARKS ARRANGEMENT IN THE LARGE HOMESTEADS OF THE FIRST HALF OF XIX CENTURIES
Authors: Kholodova Elena
Published: January 2020

The study is based on the identified archival and published sources, field research of the author, which enable to reconstruct a more reasonably shaped, the material structure is lost in the nobility and merchant estates in the area of origin of horticulture and the natural border of Russia. The basis of the study is the study of topography and physical and geographical types of terrain characteristic of the Kursk region.
The scientific novelty of the research is associated with the author's expeditions to identify signs of the existence of manor objects – landscapes and parks, full-scale survey of a number of preserved manor com-plexes, which did not attract the attention of researchers to a sufficient extent.. Of particular importance is the identification of archival and printed sources that allow more reasonably reconstruct the figurative and material structure of the lost elements of noble and merchant estates.
The contribution to modern knowledge is systematic information about different types of management, their impact on the spatial structure of the estate and its natural environment, as well as about the features of garden and Park techniques that existed in the studied period of the history of the Kursk region.
ENSURING THE PEDESTRIAN’S SAFETY DESIGN
OF URBAN STREET CROSSWALKS
Authors: Nemchinov Dmitriy
Published: January 2020

The article presents an analysis of positive practices for ensuring the safety of pedestrians at the inter-section of the city streets carriageway, as well as a description of some innovations of regulatory and tech-nical documents, including an increased number of cases when a safety island can be arranged at a pedestri-an crossing. requirements for providing visibility at a pedestrian crossing to determine the minimum distance of visibility at a pedestrian
crossing based on the time required pedestrians for crossing the roadway, recommended options for using ground unregulated pedestrian crossings on trapezoidal artificial irregularities according to GOST R 52605; traffic flow) and Z-shaped (also in the direction of the traffic flow), the requirements for the size of the securi-ty island have been established to allow put bicycle inside of safety island, a recommended set of measures to reduce the vehicle speed and describes the types of activities and describes a method of their application, describes methods zones device with reduced travel speed - residential and school zones, set requirements for turboroundabouts and methods of their design.
TOWARDS TO THE QUESTION OF SEARCHING A BALANCED COEXISTENCE OF NATURAL AND URBANIZED TERRITORIES
Authors: Shubenkov  , Shubenkova
Published: January 2020

The problems of modern urbanization of settlement areas associated with the deterioration of the ecologi-cal state of the human environment and the degradation of the natural environment are considered. Analyzes the most popular strategies of urbanization in modern socio-economic conditions. The article discusses the need to clarify the subject and object of modern urban development and their relationship with the issues of maintaining the development of natural habitats spreads. A comparison of the basic requirements for the development of nat-ural and urban areas. The most popular concepts of solving the problems of interaction between natural and developed territories are analyzed. The concept of the description of States of interaction of separate territorial zones responsible for the main environmental characteristics of natural and urban environments is offered.
«PRESERVATION» AND «ENSURING PRESERVATION» IN THE DESIGN OF IMPROVEMENT AND GREENING OF CENTERS OF HISTORICAL CITIES
Authors: Belyaeva Elena
Published: January 2020

The urgency of the problem of comprehensive improvement and greening of the centers of historic cities has increased with the «May» decrees of the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin in 2018. Howev-er, the scientific foundations, methodology and design methodology of improvement does not take into ac-count the peculiarities of historical cities, the need to preserve architectural monuments, landscape and gar-den-garden art, valuable urban planning and natural environment. Evaluation of projects implemented in 2010-2018, own design experience in the historical territories of Moscow confirmed that many of the pro-ject’s shortcomings are due to the lack of special regulatory and methodological documents for design.
The current GOST regulates the composition and content of works for the preservation and facilitation of the modern use of cultural heritage sites that are works of landscape and landscape art. For ordinary ob-jects of improvement in the centers of historical cities located in protective and protective zones, in the united protective zones, a design technique is necessary taking into account the status and features of such territo-ries according to the current legislation.
According to the experience of designing in Moscow, most of the projects of comprehensive landscaping are areas that do not have the status of cultural heritage sites, and ordinary public spaces, landscaped and near-house areas of 0.5–2.5 hectares, located within the boundaries of protected, protected areas, including the united security zone of the historical part of Moscow established within the boundaries of the Kamer-Kollezhsky Val. Often, small parks, squares, boulevards in various functional areas, small public spaces ad-jacent to subway exits are being developed.
For a comprehensive improvement and greening of the city center of historic cities, a systematic ap-proach is important – not only the preservation of cultural heritage sites, valuable urban planning, land-scape and natural environment based on the status and mode of use of territories established in accordance with Federal Law No. 73-FZ «Heritage (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation». Within the boundaries of cultural heritage sites, there should be a «conservation» mode, in pro-tected areas and in protected zones, a «security preservation» regime of cultural heritage sites.
The prospects for the use of integrated improvement and landscaping as a special type of urban plan-ning activity and means providing a socially and environmentally oriented solution of the issues of regenera-tion of the centers of historic cities are considered.
An Automated Text Messaging System (Tonsil-Text-To-Me) to Improve Tonsillectomy Perioperative Experience: Exploratory Qualitative Usability and Feasibility Study
Authors: Farias Nathan , Rose-Davis Benjamin , Hong Paul , Wozney Lori
Published: January 2020

Background

Inexperience and forgetting perioperative care instruction are significant drivers of parental stress during pediatric tonsillectomy care. With the widespread use of mobile technology, parents now desire a system that provides them with information that is timely, accessible, and comprehensive. Tonsil-Text-To-Me (TTTM) is a text messaging system that sends out automated and timed texts to parents of children who are undergoing tonsillectomy.

Objective

The objective of this study was to pilot-test TTTM to assess for feasibility and usability and collect suggestions for system improvements desired by parents from a pediatric otolaryngology text message service.

Methods

Parents of pediatric patients who were being scheduled for tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy were prospectively enrolled. An exploratory qualitative study using a semistructured interview guide was performed after parents received the automated texts 2 weeks before and 1 week after their child’s surgery.

Results

A total of 7 parents were interviewed (data saturation was reached). Participants were all of maternal relation to the patient. Overall, all parents felt that the TTTM service was an improvement to the current standard model of information delivery. Parents also reported that the text messages reduced their anxiety and improved their performance when caring for their children during the perioperative period. No parents expressed privacy concerns about receiving texts and regarding the information included in the messages. Service suggestions showed that parents were eager for more information and had a high threshold for message reception regarding their child’s surgical care.

Conclusions

All parents expressed enthusiasm for a text message service during their child’s tonsillectomy perioperative period. The care instructions and reminders provided to parents via automated and timed text messages may be a strategy to improve information delivery in a simple and accessible format that could empower families in their own health care.
El concepto moderno de validez y su uso en educación médica
Authors: Carrillo Avalosa Blanca Ariadna , Sánchez Mendiola Melchor , Leenen Iwin
Published: January 2020

Para realizar inferencias apropiadas con base en los resultados obtenidos de las evaluaciones del aprendizaje en ciencias de la salud, es fundamental aportar evidencia de validez y así proveer el fundamento y la justificación de las decisiones que se tomen a partir de las evaluaciones. El concepto de validez es el más importante en evaluación educativa, pues aplica para todo tipo de uso de instrumentos de evaluación del aprendizaje, tanto sumativos como diagnósticos y formativos. En las últimas décadas han surgido nuevos marcos de referencia que modifican y enriquecen el concepto tradicional de validez. En este trabajo se exploran las perspectivas de Messick y Kane. Con respecto al primero se describen las fuentes de evidencia de validez y cómo obtenerlas, mientras que con relación al segundo se explican los pasos para llevar a cabo un argumento de usos que justifique las interpretaciones de los resultados de los exámenes. Con este panorama se presenta una perspectiva moderna de aproximación a la validez en evaluación educativa, de utilidad para los educadores en ciencias de la salud.
STABILITY OF THREE-LAYER RODS WITH ALLOWANCE FOR INITIAL IMPERFECTIONS AND SHEAR DEFORMATIONS
Authors: Chepurnenko Viacheslav , Yazyev Batyr
Published: January 2020

The article presents the derivation of equations describing the pre-buckling behavior of three-layer rods in the presence of shear deformation and creep of the middle layer. The test problem for a rod with a filler made of polyurethane foam is solved. A technique has been developed for calculating the critical time under loads which values exceed the long critical ones.
MULTI-AGENT SIMULATION FOR SELF-HEALING MECHANISMS OF DAMAGED GEOTECHNICAL STRUCTURES
Authors: Filatova Darya
Published: January 2020

The paper is devoted to the task of multi-agent modeling of self-healing mechanisms for the damaged surface of an abstract geotechnical structure using biotechnology. We consider two-component self-healing mechanism. The first one is presented as a dynamic stochastic model of the aggregated behavior of agents. The second one is described by the "game-of-life" principle. The principals of numerical modeling of both mecha­nisms are discussed and illustrated by different scenarios.
Entomofauna de interés forense asociada a la descomposición de Sus scrofa domesticus (Cerdo doméstico) en la Amazonía peruana
Authors: Pizango-Pérez Jenny , Cachi-Rios Francisca Milagros , Acosta-Diaz Arturo , Zárate-Gómez Ricardo , Gines-Carrillo Elizabeth
Published: January 2020

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer la composición de la entomofauna de interés forense, determinar la riqueza y abundancia relativa según las etapas de descomposición y describir la sucesión de la entomofauna de interés forense acorde a las etapas de descomposición de Sus scrofa domesticus expuestos al sol y sombra. El trabajo se realizó de febrero a marzo del 2017. Se identificaron 5 etapas de descomposición: fresco, hinchado, colicuativo, avanzado y esqueletización. Registrándose un total de 5064 insectos, distribuidos en 2 Órdenes (Diptera y Coleoptera), 14 Familias, 18 especies y 5 morfotipos. Diptera fue el más abundante en ambas condiciones con 95,52 % (sombra) y 88,49% (sol). Se identificaron las siguientes especies: Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya megacephala, Lucilia sericata, Cochliomyia macellaria, Hemilucilia sp. (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Fannia canicularis, Fannia scalaris (Diptera: Fanniidae), Musca domestica, Morfotipo I (Diptera: Muscidae), Megaselia scalaris, Morfotipo I (Diptera: Phoridae), Sarcophaga sp., Morfotipo I (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), Euspilotus sp., e Hister sp., (Coleoptera: Histeridae), Canthon subhyalinus, Eurysternus sp., Oxelytrum cayennensis (Coleoptera: Silphidae), Polynonchus sp. (Coleoptera: Trogidae). La entomofauna de interés forense registradas en este estudio pueden ser empleadas para la estimación del intervalo post mortem.
Influencia de la conservación de bosques en la diversidad y composición florística arbórea en el sureste de la Amazonía peruana
Authors: Dueñas Linares Hugo , Peña Valdeiglesias Joel , Báez Quispe Sufer , Bejar Chura Nino , Berrocal Nieto Samuel , Garate Quispe Jorge
Published: January 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio fue de evaluar la influencia de la conservación de bosques en la diversidad y composición florística en Madre de Dios (Perú). Analizamos 53 transectos Gentry en bosques protegidos y no protegidos. Todos los individuos con un DAP ≥ 2,5 cm fueron registrados y se calculó los atributos florísticos de riqueza de especies, géneros, familias y diversidad. El ANOVA fue utilizado para la comparación de atributos florísticos y se utilizaron técnicas multivariadas para evaluar y representar la similitud florística. Un total de 915 especies fueron registradas, representadas en 11404 individuos, 329 géneros y 90 familias. La riqueza de especies encontradas en el presente estudio es inferior a otros estudios en la Amazonía Peruana. En los bosques protegidos la abundancia fue significativamente superior a los bosques no protegidos. En los bosques de terraza alta se encontraron una mayor riqueza y diversidad de especies que en los de terraza inundable. Interesantemente, no encontramos diferencias significativas en la riqueza y diversidad de especies entre los bosques de terraza alta protegidos y no protegidos (ANOVA, P<0,05), pero si encontramos diferencias significativas en la composición florística entre estos dos tipos de bosques (PERMANOVA, P<0,001). Estimamos que en Madre de Dios existen 1430±130 especies de árboles >2,5cm DAP.
Medición de la personlidad en psicología : Un ensayo de experiencia profesional
Authors: Díaz Contreras Susana , Díaz Reséndiz Felipe de Jesús , Vega Valero Cynthia Zaira
Published: January 2020

En psicología es común la medición de la personalidad en el ámbito clínico, educativo y organizacional para la descripción de rasgos de personalidad y toma de decisiones. Sin embargo, en pocas ocasiones se tiene certeza de confiabilidad y validez de los instrumentos utilizados. En el presente ensayo se describen dos ejemplos de investigación; uno con estudiantes de psicología y otro con trabajadores del sector comercio. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos populares para la medición de la personalidad; el Cuestionario 16 Factores de Personalidad (16-FP) y el Inventario NEO-FFI. Los resultados indicaron que son pocos los estudios sobre las propiedades psicométricas del 16-FP. No obstante, son frecuentes las publicaciones que relacionan rasgos de personalidad con competencias profesionales. Respecto al NEO-FFI se encontró que es frecuente su uso para vincular los Cinco Grandes con diversos constructos entre éstos la satisfacción laboral. Los datos no permitieron análisis de correlación entre dichas variables dado que el NEO-FFI carece de los criterios mínimos para considerarse confiable. Se concluye con una invitación a realizar revisiones exhaustivas de la literatura para la medición de fenómenos psicológicos, proponer nuevas medidas para la evaluación de la personalidad y guiar la labor del psicólogo desde los principios éticos.
ESTIMASI DATA YANG HILANG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PROSES PENYARINGAN DALAM PEMODELAN DATA TIME SERIES
Authors: Rais Rais
Published: January 2020

Makalah  ini  mengusulkan  sebuah  metode  baru  untuk  memperkirakan  data  yang  hilang  dengan menggunakan proses penyaringan. Kami menggunakan data asli dan data yang hilang secara acak untuk mengevaluasi  metode  estimasi  baru  dengan  menggunakan  teknik  pemodelan  Box-Jenkins  untuk memprediksi  rata-rata  curah  hujan  bulanan  untuk  Kota  Palu.  Data  curah  hujan  dikumpulkan  dari  1 Oktober 1973 sampai 31 Mei 2011 di Stasiun Badan Meteorologi Kota Palu. Data yang digunakan dalam pengembangan model untuk memprediksi curah hujan ditunjukkan oleh model autoregressive integrated moving  average  (ARIMA).  Model  untuk  kedua  kumpulan  data  adalah  ARIMA(1,1,0)(0,1,1) 12 .  Hasil peramalan diperiksa dengan uji sesungguhnnya, dengan menggunakan statistik Thiel’s dan diperoleh U = 0.895766 untuk data asli dan U = 0.726352 untuk data yang hilang, ini menunjukkan bahwa keduanya adalah model yang terbaik.
MENENTUKAN SOLUSI NUMERIK MODEL DINAMIK SUHU DAN TEKANAN UDARA DI ATMOSFER DENGAN METODE RUNGE KUTTA ORDE EMPAT
Authors: Febrianti Ratih , Ratianingsih Rina , Jaya Agus Indra
Published: January 2020

MENENTUKAN SOLUSI NUMERIK MODEL DINAMIK SUHU DAN TEKANAN UDARA DI ATMOSFER DENGAN METODE RUNGE KUTTA ORDE EMPAT
Pengelola Jurnal
Authors: Jurnal Pengelola
Published: January 2020

Pengelola Jurnal
OPTIMALISASI PENDAPATAN PADA CV. PALUNESIA COLLECTION TEAM DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE HUNGARIAN
Authors: Aras A , Jaya A I , Sahari A
Published: January 2020

OPTIMALISASI PENDAPATAN PADA CV. PALUNESIACOLLECTION TEAM DENGAN MENGGUNAKANMETODE HUNGARIAN
MEMBANGUN MODEL PENYEBARAN PENYAKIT AKIBAT ASAP KEBAKARAN HUTAN
Authors: Kurniawan B , Ratianingsih R , Hajar Hajar
Published: January 2020

Forest fires impact a very serious problem because it could cause health problem, especially respiratory disease such as (ISPA), Asthma and Bronchitis. The study of the health disorders is conducted by consider mathematicaly the spread of disease due to forest fires smoke. The model is constructed by devide the human population into six subpopulations, that is vulnerable S(t), exposed E(t), Asthma infected A(t), Bronchitis infected B(t) and recovered R(t).The governed model is analyted at every critical points using Routh-Hurwitz method. The results gives two critical points that describe a free disease conditions ( ) and an endemic conditions ( ). A stabil ( ) is occured if  and  where the threshold point of the stability is expressed as  and   . Endemic conditions  will be asymptotically stable when  and  with  . The condition of free disease of forest fires is occured in a long time period, while the endemic conditions is occurred in a short time period. It could be interpreted that the disease spread due to the forest fires smoke is not easy to overcome.
OPTIMALISASI PENDISTRIBUSIAN BARANG DI PT.SINAR NIAGA SEJAHTERA PALU MENGGUNAKAN METODE GOAL PROGRAMMING
Authors: Hidaen B , Jaya A I , Resnawati Resnawati
Published: January 2020

PT.Sinar Niaga Sejahtera isone ofdistributorin Palu who distribute products to a variety of shops. Goal Programming is a method that can solve the problem with more than one purposes. The purposes of this study are  to maximize the number of the car and minimize the distribution  cost of  PT.Sinar Niaga Sejahtera. Goal Programming model formulationin this research consistsof 6 priorities and 6 function constraints. The sixth priorities are,warehous capacity, the number of cars used to the distribution of goods to store Sinar Kasih II,store Cahaya Indah, store Bintang  Rezeki, store Hi. Abdullah, and a minimum distribution costs. Constraint functions consist of a number of cars and the cost of distribution. The research results showed that the supply of goods by the warehouse capacity that can fulfiil the necessary distribution of goods during the month amounted to 136.93 or 8.628 box Optimal volume distribution of goods in each store are sequentially Sinar Kasih II which is 2 units with a capacity of 4  or 252 box, Cahaya Indah 3 units with a capacity of 7  or 441 box, Hi. Abdullah 2 units with a capacity of 12 or 756 box and Star 2 cars Rezeki capacity of 4 . This model can save the distribution costs of Rp. 7.127.147 from the previous distribution costs of Rp. 35.000.000.
KENDALI OPTIMAL MODEL PENYEBARAN PENYAKIT BLOOD DESEASE BACTERIUM (BDB) PADA TANAMAN PISANG KEPOK DENGAN INOKULASI BAKTERI ENDOFIT
Authors: Islami N , Ratianingsih R , Nacong N
Published: January 2020

Banana plants are the most widely grown plants in Indonesia. In its growth period, banana plants can experience an attack of the disease Blood Desease Bacterium (BDB) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotipe IV which is the main cause of the loss of banana yield in Indonesia. BDB can cause plant death and crop failure. To represent this phenomenon a mathematical model was developed to reperents the spread BDB of Kepok banana plants by inoculating endophytic bacteria. Adapted 2 SEI epidemic models for banana and SI plant populations for the insect population trigona spp. The SEI model of banana population is divided into 3 subclasses, namely the BDB susceptible population class (𝑆ℎ), exposed population class (𝐸ℎ), and population class infected with BDB disease (𝐼ℎ). It was also observed the class of banana population that received treatment (𝑆𝑡 ). This group was a class of banana population that was given endophytic bacteria. The SI model was adapted for the insect population trigona spp. which are grouped into 2 subclasses, namely the vulnerable population class to infect BDB (𝑆𝑣 ), and the population class is ready to infect BDB (𝐼𝑣 ). Analysis of the stability of the model is carried out at a critical point then an optimal control of the spread of BDB disease through inoculation of endophytic bacteria is carried out. Controlling the rate of suppression of BDB transmission in bananas is done by keep the β parameters (isolates of endophytic bacteria inoculated into banana plants) for the purpose of reducing the incidence of BDB in banana plants. The simulation are carried out for optimal control design, using the principle of minimum Pontryagin, optimal solutions are obtained which show that controlling BDB disease with endophytic bacterial inoculation is said to be successful because it can reduce the number of infected banana plant populations.Keywords : BDB Disease, Endophytic bacteri, Inoculation, Ralstonia Solanacearum Phylotipe IV , Trigona spp., The Minimum Principle of Pontryagin.