bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A STUDY ON PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE EXPERIMENTALLY PRODUCED BY THE SHWARTZMAN MECHANISM IN RABBITS: Possible Relationship to Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Man
Authors: Shiga Junji , Mori Wataru
Published: December 2008

The lung was chosen as a target organ of the univisceral Shwartzman reaction in this study. Rabbits were selected as the experimental animal, and E. coli endotoxin was used as the Shwartzman reagent. Preparative procedures were applied through the trachea into the lung in several ways; direct injection of the endotoxin solution and inhalation of the atomized endotoxin solution by natural breathing. The provocation was made by intravenous injection of the same endotoxin 24 hours later. The lung showed severe hemorrhage associated with inflammatory cell infiltration, interstitial fibrosis, macrophage accumulation, etc. The severity and extent of these changes varied, to some extent, between groups as well as between individual animals. The fundamental character was, however, common to all, and the incidence of the lesion in the lung was quite high. The relationship of the present results to idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage and Goodpasture's syndrome is also discussed from the viewpoint of human pathology. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 849–861, 1985.
IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY ON THE CROSS‐REACTIVITY OF ANTIBODIES TO ADULT T‐CELL LEUKEMIA‐ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS IN HUMAN and MONKEY SERA
Authors: Ohtsuki Yuji , Miyoshi Isao , Taguchi Hirokuni , Takeda Isao , Akagi Tadaatsu
Published: December 2008

The cross‐reactivity of antibodies to adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL)‐associated antigens (ATLA) in human and monkey sera was investigated by indirect immunoperoxidase and immunoferritin methods using a human cell line (MT‐2) carrying a type C virus (HTLV), two monkey cell lines (Si‐1 and Si‐3) carrying HTLV, and a monkey cell line (Si‐2) carrying a type C virus isolated from an anti‐ATLA‐positive monkey. Anti‐ATLA‐positive but not‐negative human and monkey sera gave positive immunoperoxidase reaction with all four virus‐positive cell lines when studied by light microscopy. Electron microscopic findings revealed ferritin or peroxidase labeling of virus particles and plasma membranes of these four cell lines with antibody‐positive but not‐negative human and monkey sera. These results clearly indicate the cross‐reactivity of anti‐ATLA antibodies in human and monkey sera at light and electron microscopic levels, and the presence of antigenic determinants common to the surface of type C virus particles of human and monkey origin. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 863–870, 1985
NON‐FUNCTIONING ADRENOCORTICAL ADENOMA IN CULTURE
Authors: Matsuo Kenji , Kawai Kioko , Tsuchiyama Hideo
Published: December 2008

This report describes the morphological responses of unstimulated and stimulated non‐functioning adrenocortical adenoma in culture. The removed adrenocortical adenoma was composed mainly of clear‐type cells and partially had a small area of cholesterol granuloma. These adenoma cells had many lipid droplets and round to long rod‐shaped mitochondria with tubular or tubulo‐lamellar cristae which were similar to those in Cushing's adenoma. The non‐functioning adrenocortical adenoma cells which were incubated in vitro under ACTH (10 mlU/ml) and angiotensin II (10–6 M/ml) stimulation, were examined by phase contrast microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and the content of Cortisol and aldosterone in the culture medium was measured by radioimmunoassay. As a result of exposure of ACTH, the cultured cells revealed the retraction response and production of Cortisol and aldosterone. After administration of ACTH for many days, the cultured cells showed characteristic changes in sER and mitochondria. The sER were markedly developed and packed tightly into a network of dilated tubules. Mitochondria were larger and more numerous than in the unstimulated cells. The mitochondria appeared to be entwined by the tubules of the sER. Lipid droplets decreased in number. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 871–884, 1985.
PORTAL VEIN OR HEPATIC VEIN ?
Authors: Fukuda Kazunori , Kage Masayoshi , Arakawa Masahiro , Nakashima Toshiro
Published: December 2008

The existence of aberrant vasculatures has been described as one of the characteristic findings in the liver with idopathic portal hypertension (IPH). In this paper, the morphological features and the genesis of aberrant vasculatures were studied on the basis of autopsy and biopsy materials of IPH and animal experiments. Aberrant vasculatures in IPH livers are characterized as thin‐walled vessels located mainly adjacent to the portal tracts and at times in the hepatic lobules. Although some of them are morphologically very similar to hepatic vein branches, they are portal in nature. These aberrant vessels develop in order to compensate for portal circulatory insufficiency due to obliteration of portal vein branches, and play an important role in maintaining an adequate blood supply to the parenchyma. It is predicted that decrease of these intrahepatic collateral vessels is responsible for or related to parenchymal atrophy and deterioration of liver function in the advanced stage of this disease. We regard these vasculatures as characteristic of the intrahepatic portal venous obstruction, particularly with portal hypertension accompanied by increased portal blood flow. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 885–897, 1985.
MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA OF THE LUNG
Authors: Tanino Mikio , Odashima Shizuo , Sugiura Hitoshi , Matsue Takao , Kajikawa Michiyo , Maeda Shoji
Published: December 2008

A 75‐year‐old woman was admitted to a hospital for diagnosis of pulmonary infarction and died during treatment. An autopsy revealed a tumor 5 cm in diameter in the hilus of the left lung, spreading into the posterior mediastinum, and a metastasis was also found in the right lung. Histologically, this tumor consisted of two kinds of cells; one of fibroblast‐like cells and the other of histiocyte‐like cells, showing a storiform pattern. Furthermore, a positive staining for otx ‐antitrypsin, but negative for CEA, keratin or S‐100 protein was seen. Therefore, it was diagnosed as malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) originating in the hilus of the left lung. In addition, many foci of hemorrhagic infarction due to metastasis and infiltration of the tumor into the pulmonary arteries were observed in the right lung. MFH is one of the rarest primary tumors of the lung. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 945–950, 1985.
CARCINOSARCOMA OF THE STOMACH
Authors: Hanada Masato , Nakano Kazuo , Ii Yohei , Takami Motohisa
Published: December 2008

Carcinosarcoma of the stomach is an uncommon lesion of uncertain histogenesis. Light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic examinations of the tumor in the present case favor the view that these carcinosarcomatous tumors may arise from mesenchymal (or sarcomatous) transformation of carcinoma cells. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 951–959, 1985.
NODULAR REGENERATIVE HYPERPLASIA OF THE LIVER IN A PATIENT WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA and SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Kitazono Masatomo , Saito Yasuyuki , Kinoshita Masaharu , Nakashima Teruyuki , Kojiro Masamichi , Tanaka Hisazumi
Published: December 2008

A 68‐year‐old man with multiple myeloma and systemic amyloidosis also had nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) of the liver. This unusual case is discussed and the association of NRH with various other systemic disorders are reviewed. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 961–967, 1985.
NEONATAL TYPE OF ARGININOSUCCINATE SYNTHETASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: Kuhara Hajime , Wakabayashi Takashi , Kishimoto Hidemasa , Hayashi Kotaro , Katoh Toshiyuki , Itoh Jin , Wada Yoshiro
Published: December 2008

Two autopsy cases of neonatal argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) deficiency demonstrating the particular histological changes of the liver are presented.

Case 1 was a female infant with elevated blood ammonia and citrulline. The patient died of sepsis at nineteen days after birth. Autopsy revealed hematomas in bilateral cerebral hemispheres and a yellow liver parenchyma. Histologically, the cerebrum showed diffuse astrogliosis with Alzheimer type II cell and swollen cytoplasm. Status spongiosus and gliosis were observed in the subthalamic and pontine nuclei. The liver demonstrated fatty degeneration and wide portal space with bile duct proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration. The ASS activities in the liver and the kidneys were not detected.

Case 2 was a female infant who died of respiratory distress twenty‐four days after birth. Autopsy revealed hematomas in the bilateral cerebral ventricles and a liver with yellow parenchyma. Histologically, there was destruction of arrangement in the cerebrum and cerebellum together with marked decrease of nerve cells with gliosis and phagocytosis. The liver showed mild fatty degeneration and wide portal space accompanied by bile duct proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration. The ASS activities in the liver and kidneys were not detected. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 995–1006, 1985.
SARCOIDOSIS OF THE SPINAL CORD
Authors: Nagai Hideo , Ohtsubo Kohichiro , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: December 2008

The authors report a female elderly patient with quadriplegia, hypesthesia below the neck, and rectourinary dysfunction, which were found at autopsy to have been caused by involvement of the lower cervical and upper thoracic segments of the spinal cord in systemic sarcoidosis. Sixty cases of spinal cord sarcoidosis reported in the literature are also reviewed. Most patients had clinical signs which mimicked those of a spinal cord tumor or meningomyelitis. Only in less than one‐third of the cases had sarcoidosis been diagnosed before neurological symptoms occurred. Macroscopically, most intramedullary lesions formed a mass, whereas extramedullary lesions usually manifested as meningitis. Histologically, perivascular distribution of sarcoid granulomas was noted in our patient as well as in many cases reported in the literature. The clinical course of the patients with spinal sarcoidosis was usually poor when early diagnosis was not made. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 1007–1022, 1985.
PIGMENTED VARIANT OF CALCIFYING ODONTOGENIC
Authors: Takeda Yasunori , Kuroda Masafumi , Suzuki Atsumi , Fujioka Yukio
Published: December 2008

A case of the pigmented variant of calcifying odontogenic cyst occurring in a 21‐year‐old Japanese male is reported, and a review of previously reported cases of the lesion is included. In addition to the characteristic histopathologic features of calcifying odontogenic cyst, dendritic cells containing melanin pigment were widely distributed in the epithelial layer and melanin pigment was also found in the epithelial cells including ghost cells in the present case. Although no conclusion could be drawn from the present examination as to the origin of melanin pigment in the calcifying odontogenic cyst, it is thought that the role of racial pigmentation is one of the important factors in occurrence of pigmented odontogenic lesions. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 1023–1027, 1985.
SMALL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE SKIN “NON‐MERKEL CELL TYPE”
Authors: Matsuo Kenji , Sakamoto Akira , Kawai Kioko , Tschiyama HIDEO , Miyata Akimi
Published: December 2008

An 81‐year‐old Japanese woman developed small cell carcinoma of the skin, which was different from trabecular carcinoma or neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. The tumor was composd of spindle‐shaped or fusiform cells with scanty cytoplasm and numerous mitoses. The tumor cells were arranged in a streaming pattern and not in anastomosing trabecular fashion at all. No granules were detected by Grimelius’stain either. Immunoperoxidase staining for neuron specific enolase (NSE) did not reveal any activity. Ultrastructural study showed scanty organelles in the cytoplasm which contained a few round mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free polysomes. Occasionally, filamentous bundles, desmosomes, and intracyto‐plasmic canaliculi were recognized in the cytoplasm, but neurosecretory granules were not found throughout the cytoplasm. Electron microscopic features suggest that this tumor originated from the embryonal stratum germinativum. The present tumor can be distinguished from trabecular carcinoma or neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, and may be regarded as “small cell carcinoma” of the skin. ACTA PATHOL, JPN. 35 : 1029–1036, 1985.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MICROCIRCULATION IN RENAL GRAFTS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE OR CHRONIC REJECTIONS
Authors: MATSUO Kakaru , TAKEBAYASHI Shigeo
Published: December 2008

Using electron microscopy, we studied the renal microcirculation in 31 biopsied specimens from 24 transplants in patients with acute or chronic rejection. Endothelial damage was followed by extensive denudation and platelet attachment, fibrin deposition, focal or whole cytoplasmolysis, rarefaction necrosis of the medial smooth muscle cells, with or without the attachment of inflammatory cells. Medial smooth muscle cells modified by hyperplasia of ergastoplasm, appeared to migrate into the intima and to proliferate there. The endothelium was regenerated with time. Chronic rejection was characterized by “moth‐eaten‐like” atrophic changes of the medial smooth muscle cells in interlobular arteries with an increase in intercellular spaces with necrotic debris and basement membrane densities. Larger interlobular arteries showed additional mucoid lamellar thickening of the intima, with stenosis. Acute changes in glomerular capillaries included endothelial injury and denudation, thrombotic occlusion and enlargement of subendothelial spaces, apparently due to an increase in permeability. Extensive circumferential mesangial interposition was present in one case of a repeated rejection. Thus, chronicity with various rejections leads to severe luminal narrowing and obstruction in both interlobular arteries and the glomerulus of the grafts.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ABNORMALITY IN GLYCOGEN STORING CAPACITY AND OTHER HISTOCHEMICAL PHENOTYPIC CHANGES IN CARCINOGEN‐INDUCED HEPATOCELLULAR PRENEOPLASTIC LESIONS IN RATS
Authors: HIROTA Norio , YOKOYAMA Takeshi
Published: December 2008

A sequential comparison was made between abnormal glycogen storage and other histochemical phenotypic changes in hepatocellular precancerous lesions (altered foci and neoplastic nodules) during various stages in the process of development of cancer in rat liver. N‐2‐fluorenylacetamide was fed to male rats for 8 weeks and groups of rats were killed at the end of carcinogen feeding and at 12 and 24 weeks on control diet. Foci rich in glycogen storage accounted for a majority of all foci over the course of experiment, while foci devoid of glycogen storage, which were absent at the end of carcinogen feeding, gradually increased in number during maintenance. Glycogen‐deficient lesions that might appear to arise from glycogen‐rich lesions displayed hyper‐basophilia demonstrated by toluidine blue reaction, but often lacked gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase activity. Resistance to iron accumulation was consistently shown in all precursor lesions for hepatocellular carcinoma in the siderotic liver regardless of abundance or absence of cellular glycogen. It was suggested that properties such as loss of glycogen storing capacity, hyperbaso‐philia, and some cellular atypicality resembling those of carcinoma cells might be essential elements for malignant progression.
DIFFUSE PANBRONCHIOLITIS WITH MULTIPLE TUMORLETS
Authors: WATANABE Hisashi , KOBAYASHI Hiroshi , HONMA Keiichi , OHNISHI Yoshihisa , IWAFUCHI Mitsuya
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of diffuse panbronchiolitis with incidentally observed multiple tumorlets was reported. Quantitative study revealed the distribution and number of single Kultschitzky cell and its cluster. These cells were more frequently observed in the present case than in 20 control cases, and moreover, they tended to occur more frequently in the pulmonary segment in which tumorlets were found and there was an apparent transition of them into tumorlets. Immunohistochemically, gastrin‐releasing peptide, calcitonin, and serotonin were demonstrable in the cells which consisted of both tumorlets and Kultschitzky cell clusters. It is suggested that the Kultschitzky cell is a precursor cell of the tumorlet and that tumorlet is benign, being hyperplastic in nature.
A CASE OF FOAMY MYOCARDIAL TRANSFORMATION OF INFANCY
Authors: YUTANI Chikao , IMAKITA Masami , ISHIBASHI‐UEDA Hatsue , KAMIYA Tetsuro , ARAGAKI Yoshio
Published: December 2008

A case of Infantile cardiomyopathy in a year and four months old girl, which was clinically characterized by tachycardia resistent to any drugs and marked hyperplasia of mitochondria in their cytoplasms on electron microscopic observation, was presented. In the present case light and electron microscopical proof of the diagnosis was obtained by right endomyocardial biopsy, while most of this condition has not been recognized prior to autopsy. In Japan this newly recognized infantile cardiomyopathy has not been reported, and we proposed that this condition could be designated as mitochondrial cardiomyopathy caused by unknown etiology. The literatures described previously in the world have been reviewed.
NIEMANN‐PICK DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER DISORDERS
Authors: TAMARU Junichi , IWASAKI Isao , HORIE Hiroshi , TAKAYANAGI Masaki , OHTAKE Akira , SHIMOJYO Naoki , IDE Genshiro
Published: December 2008

We report a case of Niemann‐Pick disease (NPD) with accumulation of sphingomyelin in reticuloendothelial system (RES), hepatocellular giant cell transformation (GCT), cirrhosis, and multiple hepatocellular adenomata in a 19‐month‐old girl. GCT, but no NP‐cells, were seen at age 3 months by biopsy. Cirrhosis and hepatocellular adenomata were demonstrated in the liver at 19 months of age. Cytoplasmic, probably locally synthesized, globules of alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (A‐l‐AT) were accumulated in the hepatocellular adenomata. A‐l‐AT and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) were present in the serum.
CENTRAL PONTINE MYELINOLYSIS ACCOMPANIED BY MULTIFOCAL PSEUDOCALCIFICATIONS
Authors: KOBUKE Toshihiro
Published: December 2008

A 44‐year‐old diabetic female became unconscious one month prior to death due to acute suppurative meningitis. Although cerebrospinal fluid findings normalized with the administration of antibiotics, the status of unconsciousness did not improve and she expired. Examination of the brain revealed a small, relatively ill‐defined, demyelinated lesion in the central part of the anterior pons, with which hypertrophied astrocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages phagocytizing disintegrated myelin were present. Neuronal perikarya and axons were well preserved. The findings are pathognomonic of central pontine myelinolysis. Moreover, multifocal, granular and rosary‐shaped or nodular pseudocalcifications were noted within the lesion as an unusual additional finding. Only a few comparable cases of central pontine myelinolysis accompanied by pseudocalciflcation have been reported.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF GRANULOMATOUS LESIONS OF THE LIVER IN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Tobe Kazuo , Itoshima Tatsuya , Tsuchiya Takahiro , Fujiwara Ryoji , Yamada Gotaro , Nagashima Hideo , Kobayashi Toshinari
Published: December 2008

Three granulomas in the portal tract and 9 bile ducts with typical features of chronic non‐suppurative destructive cholangitis (CNSDC) associated with dispersed epithelioid.cells were examined by electron microscopy in 10 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Vesicular epithelioid cells, which contained numerous single‐membrane bound vesicles, predominated in the granulomas. On the other hand, immature epithelioid cells and activated macrophages were more often observed near epithelial cells of the bile ducts with CNSDC than in the granulomas. These macrophages seemed to be activated by epithelial cells of the bile ducts and develop into epithelioid cells. Honeycomb‐like membranous labyrinths containing electron dense substances were frequently observed in epithelioid cells and were likely a special form of phagosome. The substances in the labyrinths seemed to be derived from organellae of necrotic cells and extracellular interstitial tissues. Subplas‐malemmal linear densities (SPLD) were observed at the cytoplasmic boundary and at intracytoplasmic membranous labyrinth. The roles of SPLD were discussed. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 1309–1318, 1985.
MORPHOLOGICAL MATURATION OF TUMOR CELLS INDUCED BY ETHYLNITROSOUREA (ENU) IN RAT BRAINS
Authors: Yoshino Tadashi
Published: December 2008

In order to clarify the relationship between cellular characteristics of rat brain tumors and the administration time of chemical carcinogens, the incidence and morphology of microtumors in the offspring of five pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats injected with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) intraperitoneally on the 11th day of gestation (Group I) were compared with those of six pregnant rats injected with ENU on the 18th day of gestation (Group II). Twenty‐four microtumors and 6 macrotumors were obtained in Group I and 58 microtumors and 5 macrotumors in Group II. Histologically, the macrotumors of Group I showed a poorly differentiated pattern which corresponded to primitive spongioblastomas in comparison with those of Group II which resembled human mature oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas or mixed gliomas. The constituent cells of the microtumors of both groups were immature and were morphologically similar to each other. Immunohisto‐chemically, the cells of microtumors of both groups were negative for Leu 7 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Microtumors in Group I showed more infiltrative proliferation than those in Group II and had indistinct borders. The 3H‐thymidine labeling index of the constituent cells of Group I was significantly higher than that of Group II (p<0.01). This study revealed that the constituent cells of microtumors of Group I, in spite of being morphologically similar with those of Group II, possess a greater growth potency than the latter. This difference in growth potency is responsible for the difference in the histological maturity of the macrotumors in each group. The difference in morphological maturation of enlarged gliomas induced by ENU appears to depend on the imperceptible difference of the target cell maturation at the initiation of oncogenesis. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 1397–1408, 1985.
LUNG CANCER IN A THOROTRAST ADMINISTERED PATIENT
Authors: Sadahira Yoshito , Mori Masaharu , Nakamoto Shu , Awai Michiyasu , Mori Takesaburo
Published: December 2008

A 79‐year‐old man developed small cell carcinoma in the lung 43 years after Thorotrast‐injection. The tumor with interstitial fibrosis arose in the periphery of the lung. Thorotrast particles were observed in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes but not in the lungs. Four other Japanese cases of lung cancer after Thorotrast injection were reviewed. ACTA PATH‐OL. JPN. 35: 1467–1473, 1985.
CRYSTALLOID STRUCTURE IN ADRENOCORTICAL ADENOMA
Authors: Kitazawa Mikio , Kaneko Hiroshi , Toshima Muneatsu , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Watanabe Hisashi , Takagi Akio , Ming Zhang Wei
Published: December 2008

The presence of crystalloid structures was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of a huge adrenocortical adenoma ultrastructurally. The crystalloids were classified into four types, and they differed from those of spironolactone bodies or intramitochondrial bodies in their size and shape. The structures of the crystalloids resembled the crystalloids of Reinke in the Leydig cells of the testis. Reports on intracytoplasmic crystalloids are rare in the tumors of the adrenal cortex. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 1501–1510, 1985.
GLUCOCORTICOID‐SUPPRESSIBLE HYPERALDOSTERONISM Ultrastructural Observation of a Case
Authors: Matsuo Kenji , Kawai Kioko , Tsuchiyama Hideo , Ueki Yukitaka
Published: December 2008

A 56‐year‐old woman presented with intracranial hemorrhage. Laboratory examinations revealed severe hypertension, hypokalemia, elevated aldo‐sterone excretion, and suppressed plasma renin activity. Left adrenocortical tumor was suspected and adrenalectomy was performed. The laboratory data after operation, however, showed no significant difference from the preoper‐ative data. On the basis of further examinations, dexamethasone was administered and returned blood pressure to normal, and also normalized serum potassium, plasma aldosterone, and renin activity. The patient's illness was diagnosed as glucocorticoid‐suppressible hyperaldosteronism. Light microscopically, the zona glomerulosa was hypertrophic and the outer zona fas‐ciculata decreased in lipid droplets and was centrifugally arranged in small alveoli. Electronmicroscopically, the cells of the outer zona fasciculata had several lipid droplets and well‐developed sER. Mitochondria were round to oval with lamellar or lamellovesicular cristae. These findings were evidence of hyperfunction. The cytoplasm of the cells also contained spironolactone bodies. Therefore, it is assumed that the aldosterone, which induced the disorder, was produced mainly in the outer zona fasciculata. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 1511–1519, 1985.
TAY‐SACHS DISEASE WITH CONSPICUOUS CRANIAL COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHIC APPEARANCES
Authors: Watanabe Kishichiro , Mukawa Akio , Muto Kazuhiko , Nishikawa Jiro , Takahashi Shigeko
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 3‐year‐old female infant with Tay‐ Sachs disease was presented. A cherry red spot in the fundus and a deficiency of N‐acetyl‐β‐hexosaminidase A in the white blood cells were revealed soon after admission at the age of one year. Her parents and sister were found to be healthy carriers. The patient showed a typical clinical course with marked cranial swelling. In addition to the marked ballooning of neurons on light microscope, membranous cytoplasmic body (MCB) on electron microscope and abnormal accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in the cerebral cortex by thin layer chromatography were confirmed in the autopsy specimens. In the late stage of her clinical course, the cranial computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated symmetric and deep‐wavy hyperdense cerebral cortical zones, diffuse hypoden‐sity and diminished volume of cerebral white matter, mild to moderate ventricular dilatation, and a small cerebellum and brainstem. These conspicuous appearances of the cranial CT seem to be characteristic of Tay‐Sachs disease in the late stage, and they are derived from abnormal accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in the cerebral cortex, and diffuse intense demyelination (dysmyelinating demyelination) of the cerebral white matter. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 1521–1532, 1985.
PANCREATIC CARCINOMA IN CHILDHOOD: Report of an Autopsy Case and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Ohaki Yoshiharu , Misugi Kazuaki , Sasaki Yoshiro , Okudaira Masahiko
Published: December 2008

Clinical and histological findings of pancreatic carcinoma in a 6‐year‐old boy are reported. Gradual change of histological appearance of the tumor during his course of 3 years and elevation of serum alpha‐1‐fetoprotein (AFP) are documented. Two biopsy specimens showed immature histological appearance compatible with pancreatoblastoma, and autopsy material showed well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma with distinct ductal and acinar differentiation. Electron microscopy demonstrated zymogen‐like granules in the apical portion of the neoplastic cells. Immunoperoxidase method demonstrated AFP in the neoplastic cells in addition to alpha‐1‐antitrypsin. Literature of pancreatic tumor in the young was reviewed, and characteristics of this case were discussed. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 1543–1554, 1985.
SKIN BIOPSY AS A BENEFICIAL PROCEDURE FOR MORPHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
Authors: Yasuda Hitoshi , Kikkawa Ryuichi , Hatanaka Ikuo , Kobayashi Nobuyuki , Taniguchi Yuzo , Shigeta Yukio
Published: December 2008

In an attempt to evaluate the morphological abnormalities of dermal non‐myelinated nerve fibers of diabetics and elucidate the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, the terminal part of peripheral nerve in the upper dermis was observed on electron microscopy using skin samples biopsied in 10 diabetics with symptomatic neuropathy and 6 age‐matched controls. In diabetics, the density of nerve fibers was significantly lower than in controls. In addition, swelling, lytic change and vacuolation in the axon, multiplication of basement membrane of the Schwann cell and Schwann cell cluster devoid of axon were more frequently observed in diabetics. The Schwann cell did not show significant structural alterations. These findings suggest that the axon is primarily involved, at least in the terminal region of nerve fiber, in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. It is also concluded that the skin biopsy technique is unharmful, cosmetically not troublesome and might be beneficial for studying peripheral neuropathies including diabetic neuropathy.
MACROPHAGES IN GLOMERULAR INJURY
Authors: Shibata Nobuo , Itoh Nobuo , Shigematsu Hidekazu
Published: December 2008

To evaluate the role of macrophages in glomerulonephritis, the relationship between the existence of macrophages and proteinuria in the long course of glomerulonephritis was studied in accelerated Masugi nephritis in the rat. Non‐specific esterase staining was used as a marker of macrophages and the kinetics of glomerular macrophages was analysed by an image processor. Macrophages became detectable 48 hours after nephrotoxic serum injection and their accumulation reached a maximum level at 5 days. At 1 month, they had clearly decreased. At 3 months, however, many macrophages were found within the capsular drop‐like lesions and crescents. Urinary protein excretion took roughly the same time course as the number of macrophages for 2 weeks. However, at 1 month, whereas macrophages had decreased, the proteinuria kept a persistently high level. At 3 months it showed a tendency to decrease. The correlation between the rate of appearance of macrophages and the urinary protein excretion assessed in 20 cases exhibited no significance. In addition, descrepancy in their time course was evident at 1 month. Although macrophages may happen to contribute to the tissue injury resulting in proteinuria in the early phase of nephrotoxic serum nephritis, factors other than macrophages should be considered in the subsequent duration of proteinuria in this model.
MARKED EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA OF THE RAT GLANDULAR STOMACH INDUCED BY LONG‐TERM ADMINISTRATION OF IODOACETAMIDE
Authors: Shirai Tomoyuki , Takahashi Michihito , Fukushima Shoji , Ito Nobuyuki
Published: December 2008

Iodoacetamide (IAA), an ulcerogenic compound, was continuously given to male Wistar rats for up to 74 weeks. No carcinomas developed but marked glandular hyperplasias were frequently observed accompanied by chronic ulcer or erosion in the fundic region. They showed pseudo‐invasive growth into the submucosa, the granulomatous tissue and even into the muscle layer, but no cellular and nuclear atypia was observed in their glands. Characteristically the mucosal damage caused by chronic IAA treatment was restricted to the fundic mucosa along the limiting ridge. Abnormally regenerated mucosa in the damaged area showed pyloric gland type metaplasia, demonstrated histo‐chemically by paradoxical concanavalin A‐staining and high‐iron diamine‐Alcian blue staining for mucin. No intestinal metaplasia was observed in these mucosa.
AN IMMUNOCYTOGHEMICAL STUDY ON SECRETORY MECHANISM OF IgA IN HUMAN PANCREAS
Authors: Saito Hideki , Kasajima Takeshi , Nagura Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

To analyze the secretory mechanism of immunoglobulins into pancreatic secretion, pancreatic juice IgA was measured by single radial immunodiffusion and characterized immunochemically, and immunoglobulins, J chain and secretory component (SC) were localized immunocytochemically in pancreatic tissues by the peroxidase‐labeled antibody method. The concentration of IgA was 0.0225 mg/ml with a range of 0.010 to 0.049. IgA associated with SC was demonstrated immunochemically in three cases. IgA, SC and J chain were demonstrated immunocytochemically in the pancreatic duct epithelium with the features characteristic of endocytic, SC‐mediated transfer of IgA. The results of the present study suggested that transfer of IgA linked by J chain and SC across ductal epithelial cells, but not acinar cells occurred in human pancreas.
PRIMARY PANCREATIC CARCINOMA IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: Kawamoto Kenji , Matsuo Takeshi , Jubashi Tohru , Ikeda Takayoshi , Tomita Shinichi
Published: December 2008

A case of primary pancreatic carcinoma confirmed by postmortem examination in a 15‐year‐old girl is presented. The tumor was studied by light and electron microscopy and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Some of the tumor cells contained eosinophilic, PAS‐positive, diastase‐resistant granules. Electron microscopy revealed large electron‐dense granules resembling zymogen granules. The granules seen in the islet cell tumors were not demonstrated by electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase technique. These findings suggest that the tumor is of duct cell origin with some differentiation toward the acinar cells. The tumor appears to belong to the so‐called “pancreatoblastoma”.
CYSTINOSIS WITH MARKED ATROPHY OF THE KIDNEYS AND THYROID
Authors: Koizumi Fumitomo , Koeda Takane , Wakaki Kunihiko , Matumoto Michio , Kobashi Kyoichi , Akao Teruaki , Fukase Masayuki
Published: December 2008

The eldest autopsied case (a 23‐year‐old man) of infantile form of cystinosis with uremia and myxoedema was reported. The cystine content per gram wet tissue of various organs was arranged as follows: the thyroid (4.61 mg), kidney (1.71 mg), eye (0.75 mg), spleen (0.65 mg), liver (0.49 mg), and brain (0.016 mg). In polariased light microscopy, cystine crystals were detected in the epithelial cells and epithelial lumina of both kidneys by Wollaston test, and foam cells with cystine crystals were histologically found in the reticuloendothelial and other organs, especially in the bone marrows. Moreover, electron microscopic findings revealed square, rectangular or lozenge‐shaped small cystine crystal profiles in osmophilic dense bodies of the histiocytic cells and in the cytoplasm of the foam cells. In some of them, positive reaction for acid phosphatase activity was specifically localized at the periphery of the cystine crystal profiles.
PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY
Authors: Hayashi Tohru , Sumiyoshi Akinobu , Tanaka Masayuki , Araki Shukurou , Minamishima Yoichi
Published: December 2008

Clinical, light‐ and electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical findings of a 44‐year‐old woman with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy were presented. Autopsy revealed a wide distribution of the demyelinating lesion in the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord, and intranuclear inclusion bodies and papova‐like virions in transmission electron microscopy in the nuclei of oligodendrocytes. SV40 antigen was immunohistochemically detected in these inclusion bodies. The widespread extension of the lesions seemed to correlate with the duration of the patient's illness. The prolongation of the clinical course in this case may be dependent upon the lack of serious underlying diseases except for a small nodule of thyroid carcinoma, SV40 infection rather than JC virus infection and/or improved care of that kind of patient.
ELASTOFIBROMA OF THE GREATER OMENTUM
Authors: Tsutsumi Akira , Kawabata Kenji , Taguchi Kohji , Doi Kenji
Published: December 2008

A rare case of elastofibroma developing in the greater omentum of a 76 years old woman was reported. The greater omentum was thickened in a plate‐like shape to a size of 24 × 15 × 2 cm, and a firm mass as large as 5 × 4 × 3 cm was formed in a portion of the omentum. Granulomatous inflammation associated with the calcification was present in the center region of the mass. Collagen fibers and elastofibroma fibers were markedly proliferated around the granuloma. Fibrosis accompanied with the formation of elastofibroma fibers was observed not only around the granulomatous inflammatory focus but also throughout the thickened omentum. The elastofibroma fiber in this case lost its stainability to resorcin‐fuchsin and orcein after 4 hours treatment with elastase. It may be inferred that not only mechanical stresses but also inflammatory stimuli contribute to the development of elastofibroma.
HISTOPATHOLOGIC STUDIES ON ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE PAROTID GLAND
Authors: NAGAO Koichi , MATSUZAKI Osamu , SAIGA Hajime , Sugano Isamu , Kaneko Toshio , Katoh Takayuki , Kitamura Takeshi , Shigematsu Hidekazu , Maruyama Naoki
Published: December 2008

Of 683 cases of primary epithelial tumors arising in the parotid gland, 20 cases could be defined as adenocarcinomas, constituting 2.9% of the total number or 10.0% of 201 malignant tumors. These adenocarcinomas were characterized by a marked diversity in the histologic manifestations, presenting tubular, papillary, pseudoadenoid cystic, cribriform, trabecular, sarcomatoid, and other patterns. Basically, however, they could be classified into two major subtypes, i.e., tubular and papillary variants on the basis of their predominant histological patterns. The tumor cells showed a distinctive sign of high grade malignancy such as the occurrence of many mitotic figures and involvements of lymphatic vessels and/or blood vessels. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells consisted of two basic varieties, resembling myoepithelial cells and duct epithelium. It is thus suggested that immature tumor cells could differentiate into a structure mimicking an intercalated duct. Clinicopathologically, the tumors were seen with a higher frequency in middle‐aged males (average 44 years of age).
EARLY MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF PORCINE SERUM‐INDUCED HEPATIC FIBROSIS
Authors: Nakano Masayuki
Published: December 2008

When porcine serum is used to induce hepatic fibrosis in rats, linear septal fibrosis develops and outlines the periphery of Rappaport's functional liver acinus. A sequential morphological study was done to clarify the histogenesis of this hepatic fibrosis, especially in the early stages. Under light microscopic examination, the fibrotic septa developed as a thin fibrotic strand connecting terminal hepatic veins without any massive necrosis. Electron microscopic examination, however, revealed a thickening of the walls of the portal veins with narrowing lumen and damage to hepatocytes prior to the development of fibrosis. There was only mild inflammation and examination showed three types of mesenchymal cells; Ito cells, myofibroblasts, and fibroblasts. These changes suggested that this fibrosis is a result of hepatic damage, which in turn was possibly caused by disturbance of the portal vein.
ANTI‐GLUCOCORTICOID EFFECTS OF MELATONIN IN YOUNG RATS
Authors: AOYAMA Hiromu , MORI Wataru , MORI Natsuko
Published: December 2008

Administration of the pineal hormone melatonin to young female rats provided significant prevention of the injurious effects (decrease of body weight gain, atrophy of the thymus and adrenals, glucosuria, elevation of the blood level of glucose, free fatty acid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol) caused by three different glucocorticoids, i.e. dexamethasone, prednisolone, and hydrocortisone. Although these protective effects of melatonin were slightly more remarkable in dexamethasone‐treated rats than in prednisolone‐ or hydrocortisone‐treated rats, our hypothesis of melatonin's anti‐glucocorticoid effects is said to have been confirmed rather universally and with a considerably wide range through this experiment.
INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF A TRYPSIN‐LIKE PROTEASE IN THE TUBERCULIN REACTION SITES IN GUINEA PIG SKIN
Authors: Kkambara Takeshi , Tanaka Junko , Nakamura Tadashi , Ishimatsu Takashi
Published: December 2008

A trypsin‐like protease(s) was found in the extracts from tuberculin reaction sites in the guinea pig skin. Extractable enzyme activities were chronologically paralleled with the gross appearance of the inflammation, and the maximum activity from 24‐hour old inflamed sites was about 12 times stronger than that from control skin, suggesting a potential role in the pathogenesis of the delayed hypersensitivity reaction (DHR). The enzyme suitably hydrolyzed t‐butyloxycarbonyl‐phenylalanyl‐seryl‐arginine 4‐methylcoumaryl‐7‐amide, and was partially purified by gel filtration. It showed an apparent molecular weight of 700,000 with optimal pH of 9.0–9.5. The activity was inhibited by various serine protease inhibitors but not by thiol or metal protease inhibitors. It was relatively heat‐stable. These findings suggest that the protease is similar to a trypsin‐like protease from DHR to bovine γ‐globulin. Intradermal injection of the enzyme into normal guinea pigs induced a mixed neutrophil‐mononuclear infiltrate. The reaction was reduced in intensity with the dilsopropylfluorophosphate‐inhibited enzyme preparation. The enzyme did not induce any increased vascular permeability. These findings suggest that the protease may be present generally in the DHR sites and probably participates in the cellular response of DHR.
INFLUENCE OF LACTOBACILLUS ARABINOSUS ON METABOLIC ENZYME ACTIVITY OF METHYLAZOXYMETHANOL (MAM) ACETATE IN GNOTOBIOTIC MICE
Authors: Yumoto Norio , Iwasaki Isao , Ide Genshiro
Published: December 2008

The role of Lactobacillus arabinosus in the malignant transformation of tumors of the large intestine was investigated in mice. Methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate, at a weekly dose of 0.2mg/10g body weight, was given to germfree mice and to mice monocontaminated with either L. arabinosus or Escherichia coli. At sacrifice, the activity of non‐specific esterase, β‐glucuronidase, and alcohol dehydrogenase within the liver and intestine was examined biochemically and histochemically. Non‐specific esterase activity in the liver and large intestine was significantly higher in L. arabinosus mice than in the other 2 groups. Also, β‐glucuronidase activity in the large intestine and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the liver were significantly greater in L. arabinosus mice than in the other groups. Esterase was localized in the mitochondria and absorptive granules within the mucosal epithelium of the large intestine. An apparent increase in the number of certain organelles was observed in the L. arabinosus mice, compared with the other groups. These results suggest that L. arabinosus plays an important role in MAM acetate tumorigenesis and malignant transformation. ACTA PATHOL.
EARLY CANCER AND RELATED LESIONS IN THE BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM IN FORMER WORKERS OF MUSTARD GAS FACTORY
Authors: Tokuoka Shoji , Hayashi Yuzo , Inai Kouki , Egawa Hiromi , Aoki Yoichiro , Akamizu Hiroshi , Eto Ryozo , Nishida Toshihiro , Ohe Kazuhiko , Kobuke Toshihiro , Nambu Shigeru , Takemoto Tsuyoshi , Kou Eihaku , Nishina Hajime , Fujihara Megumu , Yonehara Shuji , Tsuya Takafumi , Suehiro Shinichi , Horiuchi Kenji
Published: December 2008

The bronchial epithelium in stepwise transverse sections was examined histologically in 66 male autopsy cases, composed of the groups of 19 mustard gas (MG) ex‐workers with lung cancer, 17 MG ex‐workers with non‐lung cancer, 10 non‐MG lung cancer cases, and 20 non‐MG non‐lung cancer cases. Foci of moderate or severe atypical cellular lesion or dysplasia, or of carcinoma in situ (CIS) in total slides of each group, were counted as 146 in 3,485, 72 in 2, 226, 70 in 3,797, and 18 in 4,611, respectively. The relative frequency of moderate or severe dysplasia and CIS in MG exposed non‐lung cancer cases resembled that found in lung cancer cases of both MG and non‐MG exposed. Seven CIS lesions were detected from among all MG‐exposed cases and one CIS was found in a non‐MG lung cancer case. Six out of eight CIS examples were adjoined by dysplasia. A multi‐variate analysis revealed a significant correlation between the incidence of atypical lesions and MG exposure, though the incidence of atypical lesions was also influenced significantly by age, smoking, and chronic bronchitis. The incidence of atypical lesions was significantly higher in cases of squamous cell lung cancer than those of other histological types, particularly small cell cancer.
BENIGN LIPOBLASTOMA AND LIPOSARCOMA IN CHILDREN
Authors: Hanada Masato , Tokuda Ryozo , Ohnishi Yasunori , Takami Motohisa , Takahashi Tatsuo , Kimura Masaharu
Published: December 2008

This report deals with a case of benign lipoblastoma and of myxoid Hposarcoma occurring in the back of a 5‐month‐old infant and in the cheek of an 11‐year‐old boy, respectively. The benign lipoblastoma was characterized by a distinct tabulation of mature and immature fat lobules with a myxoid stroma, plexiform capillaries, and relatively uniform lipoblasts. The maturation of fat occurred from the peripherally located myxoid tissue to centrally located more mature fat cells. In our case, the capsular and interlobular mesenchymal tissue appeared to be intimately related to the formation of new Immature fat lobules. In contrast, the myxoid liposarcoma showed a predominently myxoid appearance with many atypical bizarre lipoblasts; their nuclear atypia and pleomorphism were also evident in the cytologic examination of smears obtained from the gelatinous tumor. Furthermore, more mature fat cells, appearing as small foci, tended to be located at the periphery of the myxoid lobules that were incompletely separated by thin fibrous connective tissue septa.
CYSTIC BRAIN LESION IN UTERO
Authors: Nakamura Yasuhiro , Fujiyoshi Yasuaki , Fukuda Seiichi , Matsunaga Takamoto , Hashimoto Takeo , Manabe Akihiko , Nakashima Teruyuki
Published: December 2008

Two autopsy cases of cystic brain lesion in utero are reported. One of them was a donor infant of twin transfusion syndrome. The baby died immediately after birth and showed multicystic encephalomalacia in the distribution of the anterior cerebral artery. The second baby was a stillborn infant with thanatophoric dwarfism with associated chronic periventrlcular leukomalacia (PVL). It was suggested that the multicystic encephalomalacia and chronic PVL found in the first and second cases were caused by persistent circulatory disturbances in utero.
CORRELATION OF MORPHOLOGIC SUBTYPES OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS WITH EXCESS ALCOHOL INTAKE, HBV INFECTION, AGE AT DEATH, AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: A Study on 234 Autopsy Cases in Japan
Authors: Nonomura Akitaka , Hayashi Morimoto , Takayanagi Nobutatsu , Watanabe Kishichiro , Ohta Goroku
Published: December 2008

Two hundred thirty‐four autopsy cases of liver cirrhosis were examined to correlate the tissue HBV markers and excess alcohol intake with the type of liver cirrhosis, and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The following four groups were classified as follows: (1) HBV marker‐positive alcoholic group A, (2) HBV marker‐negative alcoholic group B, (3) HBV marker‐positive non‐alcoholic group C, and (4) HBV marker‐negative nonalcoholic group D. Macronodular cirrhosis predominated in groups, A, C, and D, while in group B macronodular and micronodular cirrhosis were almost of the same frequency. The mean age at death of the patients with macronodular cirrhosis of HBV‐positive alcoholic group A was similar to that of HBV‐positive non‐alcoholic group C but lower than that of HBV‐negative alcoholic group B, suggesting a longer survival of alcoholics without HBV infection than that with HBV infection, when patients had macronodular cirrhosis at autopsy. In HBV‐negative alcoholic group B, patients with macronodular cirrhosis had a higher mean age than those with micronodular cirrhosis, while in HBV‐positive alcoholic group A, the mean age of patients with either cirrhosis was similar. This suggested that in the absence of HBV infection, macronodular cirrhosis in alcoholics may be related to the increased life span that allows a conversion of micronodular cirrhosis into macronodualr one, and in HBV‐positive alcoholics it may arise in relation to HBV infection. HCC was frequently associated with macronodular cirrhosis, regardless of the presence or absence of alcohol abuse or HBV infection, but rare in micronodular cirrhosis.