bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dyadic Decision-Making in Advanced Parkinson’s Disease: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Habermann Barbara , Shin Ju Young , Shearer Gretchen
Published: July 2019

People with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) are living at home being cared for by a family member. Decisions about health care and living preferences are made in a family context. The aims of the study were to (a) examine the types and timing of the decisions being made by dyads (person with Parkinson’s [PWP] and caregiver) in advanced PD; and (b) explore perceived decision quality relative to specific decisions made. A mixed methods design of semi-structured dyad interviews followed by individual completion of decision measures twice at six months apart was utilized. Decisions involved obtaining more services in the home, moving into assisted living communities, maintaining as is, and initiating hospice. There was high decision quality as reflected by low decisional conflict and regret without statistical differences within the dyad. The findings provide insight into the nature of decisions dyads face and suggest ways that health care providers can support decision-making.
A skills acquisition study on ECMOjo: a screen-based simulator for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Alsalemi Abdullah , Tanaka Len , Ogino Mark , Disi Mohammed Al , Alhomsi Yahya , Bensaali Fayçal , Amira Abbes , Alinier Guillaume
Published: July 2019

Background:

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation relies heavily on didactic teaching, emphasizing on essential cognitive skills, but overlooking core behavioral skills such as leadership and communication. Therefore, simulation-based training has been adopted to instill clinical knowledge through immersive experiences. Despite simulation-based training’s effectiveness, training opportunities are lessened due to high costs. This is where screen-based simulators come into the scene as affordable and realistic alternatives.

Aim:

This article evaluates the educational efficacy of ECMOjo, an open-source screen-based extracorporeal membrane oxygenation simulator that aims to replace extracorporeal membrane oxygenation didactic instruction in an interactive and cost-effective manner.

Method:

A prospective cohort skills acquisition study was carried out. A total of 44 participants were pre-assessed, divided into two groups, where the first group received traditional didactic teaching, and the second used ECMOjo. Participants were then evaluated through a wet lab assessment and two questionnaires.

Results:

The obtained results indicate that the two assessed groups show no statistically significant differences in knowledge and efficacy. Hence, ECMOjo is considered an alternative to didactic teaching as per the learning outcomes.

Conclusion:

The present findings show no significant dissimilarities between ECMOjo and didactic classroom-based teaching. Both methods are very comparable in terms of the learner’s reported self-efficacy and complementary to mannequin-based simulations.
Deep hypothermic extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula exchange in a child with necrotic pneumonia
Authors: Martens Thomas , Saini Rajan , Crook Richard , Robertson Alex , Muthialu Nagarajan , Brown Katherine
Published: July 2019

Necrotizing pneumonia can lead to respiratory insufficiency in previously healthy children. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be used for hemodynamic salvage and subsequent lung rest awaiting recovery. We present a case of a child initially placed on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and converted to veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. This was done under deep hypothermia in the operating theater.
The experience and perceived impact of group singing for men living with cancer: A phenomenological study
Authors: Warran Katey , Fancourt Daisy , Perkins Rosie
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to explore the experience and perceived impact of group singing for men with cancer. Through the lens of phenomenology, semi-structured interviews were carried out with five patients with prostate cancer, focusing on their experience of cancer, singing, and the perceived impact of the choir. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four superordinate themes emerged from the data: (a) meeting existential changes; (b) dynamic connection to others; (c) a holistic experience; (d) a positive experience. The experience of singing was viewed by participants as: something positive; a social experience; an ineffable experience; an activity that engages the whole person. The perceived impact of singing included: providing support in the face of the existential uncertainty brought about by having cancer; a dynamic connection to others; fulfilment; enhanced wellbeing; finding some form of benefit from the cancer experience. These results indicate that group singing has potential as an appropriate intervention for men living with cancer. This study, though small-scale, sheds some light on how to deliver holistic healthcare and how to optimise current choirs in health settings.
Opium substitution, reciprocal control and the tensions of geoeconomic integration in the China–Myanmar Border
Authors: Su Xiaobo , Lim Kean Fan
Published: July 2019

Over the past decade, the Chinese state has launched a strategic opium substitution program to support agricultural firms in Yunnan province to invest in northern Myanmar, which is second only to Afghanistan in drug production. These Yunnanese firms are encouraged to collaborate with or hire ex-poppy farmers to plant rubber, sugarcane, tea, corn, and other crops so that these farmers can leave the drug economy successfully. This paper examines the context and challenges of this program through a framework that highlights the tensions between geopolitics and geoeconomics. At one level, the framework demonstrates how the geopolitics–geoeconomics relationship is reinforced by reciprocal control: the promise of monetary profits has become a strategic tool for the Chinese state to implement narcotics control in northern Myanmar. At another level, however, reciprocity is manifested unevenly as not all private producers respond to this strategy in a positive and engaged manner. This unevenness inevitably generates regulatory tensions at multiple scales and underscores, in turn, how border security remains intrinsically unstable vis-a-vis attempts at geoeconomic integration.
Focused cardiac echocardiography in beach-chair position surgery: A case study
Authors: Soeding Paul F , Steel Amelia , Wong James , Hoy Gregory A
Published: July 2019

The haemodynamic response to the beach-chair position may be affected by the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy where remodelling of cardiac chambers can potentially lead to left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. We present a case report of severe hypotension in the beach-chair position, where focused cardiac ultrasound identified left ventricular hypertrophy and geometric features that contributed to the hypotensive response. This case illustrates that focused cardiac ultrasound has the potential to alert the clinician preoperatively to left ventricular outflow tract obstruction susceptibility during surgery in the beach-chair position, and intraoperatively to direct management should sudden decreases in blood pressure occur.
PACAP27 induces migraine-like attacks in migraine patients
Authors: Ghanizada Hashmat , Al-Karagholi Mohammad Al-Mahdi , Arngrim Nanna , Olesen Jes , Ashina Messoud
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is found in two functional isoforms, namely PACAP38 and PACAP27. The migraine-inducing properties of PACAP38 are well studied. However, it is not known whether the lesser-known and under-studied protein isoform, PACAP27, can also induce migraine attacks. Here, we studied the effect of human PACAP27 infusion on induction of migraine in a provocation model.

Methods

In a crossover study, 20 migraine without aura patients were randomly assigned to receive human PACAP27 (10 picomol/kg/min) or saline (placebo) infusion over 20 min. We recorded the migraine and associated symptoms.

Results

All patients completed the study. PACAP27 provoked migraine-like attacks in 11 patients (55%) and two developed attacks after placebo (10%) ( p = 0.022). The headache intensity and duration after PACAP27 was significantly greater compared to placebo ( p = 0.003).

Conclusion

PACAP27 triggers migraine attacks without aura. These novel data strengthen the role of PACAP and its receptors in migraine pathogenesis.
Yellow Brick Roadmap to Demand-Based Parking Pricing: Findings from Washington, D.C.
Authors: Dey Soumya S. , Dock Stephanie , Pochowski Alek , Sanders Meredyth , Pérez Benito O. , Darst Matt , Sanchez Eduardo Cardenas
Published: July 2019

Washington, D.C. (the District) has been a national leader with its progressive approach to parking management. Owing to the District’s strong housing and employment growth over the past decade, the District Department of Transportation (DDOT) needs a program to balance the competing parking needs of residents, commuters, visitors, and businesses. Using Federal funding from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Value Pricing Pilot Program, DDOT planned and implemented a demand-based parking pricing pilot program in the Penn Quarter and Chinatown neighborhoods. The results of the pilot program confirmed that demand-based pricing programs can be both cost-efficient and effective, and highlighted a path to expanding demand-based pricing Districtwide. Using lessons learned from this project, practitioners will be better prepared to plan their own demand-based pricing programs, positioning themselves to effectively balance parking supply and demand in their own communities. The paper discusses the impacts of demand based pricing on a range of metrics such as parking search times, cruising, occupancy, and length of stay. It also assesses the impacts of the strategies on the larger transportation system and the study area.
Physical Punishment and Child Externalizing Behavior: Comparing American Indian, White, and African American Children
Authors: Ward Kaitlin P. , Lee Shawna J. , Limb Gordon E. , Grogan-Kaylor Andrew C.
Published: July 2019

This study examined if, compared to White and African American children, maternal spanking of American Indian children was associated with child externalizing behavior problems. Using a community-based sample of 3,632 children (1,183 White, 2,183 African American, 266 American Indian), multiple-group autoregressive cross-lagged models examined the associations between maternal spanking and child externalizing behavior across the first 5 years of life. Rates of spanking for American Indian and White children were similar at all three time points (age 1, age 3, and age 5). When comparing White and American Indian groups, maternal spanking at age 1 predicted child externalizing behavior at age 3 (White: β = .10, p < .001; American Indian: β = .08, p < .01), and maternal spanking at age 3 predicted child externalizing behavior at age 5 (White: β = .09, p < .05; American Indian: β = .08, p < .01). When comparing African American and American Indian groups, maternal spanking at age 1 predicted child externalizing behavior at age 3 (African American: β = .08, p < .01; American Indian: β = .06, p < .001), and maternal spanking at age 3 predicted child externalizing behavior at age 5 (African American: β = .08, p < .001; American Indian: β = .07, p < .001). Structural invariance tests suggested that the associations observed among American Indian children were not distinguishable from those observed among White and African American children. Results of this study can be interpreted in light of the recent American Academy of Pediatrics statement that encourages pediatricians to counsel parents against the use of physical punishment. Similar to White and African American families, American Indian families may benefit from reducing or eliminating the use of physical punishment.
Espousing Patriarchy: Conciliatory Masculinity and Homosocial Femininity in Religiously Conservative Families
Authors: Heath Melanie
Published: July 2019

Drawing on in-depth interviews with individuals in current and former plural Mormon fundamentalist families, I demonstrate how gender is structured relationally in plural marriage, dependent on noncoercive power relations. Men perform a “conciliatory masculinity” based on their position as head of the family that requires constant consensus-building skills and emotional labor to maintain family harmony. This masculinity is shaped in relation to women’s performance of “homosocial femininity” that curbs men’s power by building strong bonds among wives to deflect jealousies and negotiate household duties. I argue for the importance of studying masculinities and femininities together as a relational structure to better understand specific religious and family contexts.
Experimental study on ultra-precision grinding characteristics of WC-Ni hard metals
Authors: Feng Guang , Wang Tao , Huang Qingxue , Guo Wenliang , Liu Runai
Published: July 2019

Tungsten carbide (WC) hard metals are universally used in industrial fields owing to their superior properties, and the machining accuracy of WC products is playing an important role in their service performance. However, how to achieve a balance between high accuracy and processing cost according to different applications is a key engineering issue. Thus, it is necessary to reveal the material removal characteristics of such difficult-to-cut hard metals. In this article, ultra-precision grinding characteristics of WC-Ni hard metals were investigated based on the wafer rotation grinding method using #120, #600, #2000, and #12000 diamond cup wheels as coarse, semi-finished, fine, and finish grinding wheels, respectively. A polished sample was taken for comparison. The optical surface profilers, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscope were employed for checking surface topographies, surface morphology, and cutting depth. An ultra-smooth and defect-free WC-Ni surface with less than 2 nm Ra and the average cutting depth of about 10 nm can be obtained using a #2000 diamond wheel, which can replace polishing and satisfy the requirements of most high-performance applications. This study provides useful observations for ultra-precision manufacturing of hard metal products.
An analysis-oriented parameter extraction method for features on freeform surface
Authors: Li Jixing , Ning Tao , Xi Ping , Hu Bifu , Wang Tian
Published: July 2019

The features on freeform surface are common in products with complex curved surfaces, such as gas film holes attached on turbine blade surface or pressing head on the multi-spots bending press. The freeform surfaces generally have tiny geometric structure, the large number and regular arrangement, which makes it hard to extract analysis parameters from CAD structures and construct equivalent analysis features. Therefore, the analysis models generation will be accelerated if parameters for analysis could be extracted automatically rather than manually. In this paper, the analysis-oriented parameter extraction problem is proposed and analyzed. The geometry pattern parameter and physical attribute parameter are summarized and defined as the research kernel based on common analysis scenarios. Based on Hough transform and k-means clustering method, a geometry pattern parameter extraction method is proposed, which can convert analytic criterion of extraction requirements into clear pattern recognition problems. A physical attribute parameter extraction method based on rule reasoning is also put forward to extract numeric analysis parameters with physical meanings. Finally, two representative cases are taken to illustrate the implementation steps of the proposed method, and to verify the effectiveness and practicability in engineering. The instance demonstrates that the proposed method could significantly reduce the time consumption of analysis model generation and improve the integration degree of CAD/CAE.
Numerical prediction of the development of rail wear on high-speed railways
Authors: Wang Pu , Wang Shuguo , Gao Liang
Published: July 2019

In this paper, a numerical prediction model was established to investigate the development of rail wear on high-speed railways, and a corresponding program was written using Matlab. According to Archard’s material wear theory, the wear depth distribution in the wheel–rail contact patch and along the rail profile was calculated based on a simulation of vehicle–track dynamics and a wheel–rail rolling contact analysis. In the dynamics model, various structural components and the complex nonlinear interactions between components were precisely simulated to ensure consistency with reality. Simulations were then conducted for every possible load case, and dimensionless weight factors were introduced to model the diverse operating conditions of a high-speed railway. An adaptive step algorithm was adopted to iteratively update the rail profile and reduce cumulative deviation or errors, improving the stability and reliability of the numerical model. Finally, a case study was conducted to investigate the development of wear in different track sections on a high-speed railway using the developed model. The results indicated that in the circular curve and transition sections, the side wear of the outer rail was obvious, and the wear of the inner rail was relatively smaller and mostly distributed in the middle of the railhead. The wear of the outer rail was more severe in the circular curve section compared to that in the transition sections. The closer to the rail shoulder, the greater the difference between the wear in the circular curve section and that in the transition section. In the tangent section, the wear of both rails was similarly distributed in the middle of the railhead and far less severe than in either the circular curve or transition sections. The agreement between the calculated results and field observations verified the rationality of the established rail wear model, which shows promise for improving the maintenance planning of high-speed railways and furthering the understanding of the rail wear processes.
Causes and factors related to hospitalizations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of a 20-year period (1995–2015) from a single referral centre in Catalonia
Authors: Rosa G Pires da , Ortega M Fontecha , Teixeira A , Espinosa G , Cervera R
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Although extensively characterized in the outpatient setting, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the hospitalization wards is still scarcely portrayed, particularly in the perspective of its evolution over the years.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of SLE patients hospitalized in the Department of Autoimmune Diseases of a university hospital during a 20-year period (1995–2015), describing hospitalization characteristics, causes and predictors of outcome.

Results

A total of 814 hospitalizations concerning 339 patients were analysed. The main causes of admission were flare (40.2%), infection (19.2%), diagnostic procedures (18.8%) and thrombotic events (5.4%). Therapy with cyclophosphamide (odds ratio (OR) 1.908, p = 0.047) was associated with admission due to infection, while antimalarials displayed a protective effect (OR 0.649, p = 0.024). Nearly 3.9% of patients required admission to an intensive care unit, with associated antiphospholipid syndrome (OR 7.385, p = 0.04) standing as a predicting factor for this outcome. Readmission at 30 days occurred in 5.8% of patients, with thrombocytopenia (OR 6.007, p = 0.002) and renal involvement (OR 3.362, p = 0.032) featuring as predicting factors. Eight patients died, with antiphospholipid syndrome (OR 26.814, p = 0.02) and thrombocytopenia (OR 31.523, p = 0.01) being associated with mortality. There was no significant variation in patients' demographics or admission causes across the 20-year period, except for a decrease in admissions due to thrombotic and musculoskeletal causes. Recently, an increase in the use of mycophenolate mofetil and lower doses of glucocorticoids were noted.

Conclusion

While demographics of SLE hospitalizations have not markedly changed over the past 20 years, changes in therapy patterns were observed. Thrombocytopenia, antiphospholipid syndrome and renal involvement featured as predictors of poor outcome.
Management of non-renal non-neurologic persistent lupus activity in real world patients from Argentina
Authors: Scolnik M , Scaglioni V , Pons-Estel G J , Soriano E R
Published: July 2019

Management of systemic lupus erythematosus patients is challenging because of disease heterogeneity. Although treatment of renal nephritis is more standardized, treating non-renal lupus activity remains controversial. Our objective was to identify non-renal, non-neurologic persistent active systemic lupus erythematosus patients in our cohort and described therapeutic behaviors in them. All systemic lupus erythematosus patients (American College of Rheumatology and/or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus International Collaborating Clinics criteria) seen at a university hospital between 2000 and 2017 were included and electronic medical records manually reviewed. Persistent lupus activity was defined as a patient with a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score ≥ 6 (without renal and central nervous system manifestations) despite being on a stable treatment regimen for ≥ 30 days. Stable treatment could include prednisone alone (7.5–40 mg/d) or combined with antimalarial drugs and immunosuppressant therapies. A total of 257 lupus patients were included, 230 females (89.5%, 95% confidence interval 85.1–92.7), mean age at diagnosis 29.9 years (SD 16.4). After a median cohort follow-up of 5.7 years (interquartile range 2.4–10.2), 14 patients (5.4%, 95% confidence interval 3.2–9.0) showed persistent non-renal non neurologic lupus activity, with a median disease duration of 11.3 years (interquartile range 3.6–19.4). At that time, 12/14 (85.7 %, 95% confidence interval 52.6–97.0%) had low complement and 11/14 (78.6 %, 95% confidence interval 46.5–93.9%) had positive antiDNA antibodies. The main reasons for being refractory were mucocutaneous disease (50%, 95% confidence interval 23.5–76.5) and arthritis (42.9%, 95% confidence interval 18.5–71.2). Therapeutic choices after being refractory were: only increasing corticosteroid dose in one patient, starting rituximab in four, belimumab in eight, and in one mycophenolate and rituximab; with good response in all of them. In conclusion, 5.4% of systemic lupus erythematosus patients in our cohort were considered to have non-renal non neurologic persistent lupus activity, with mucocutaneous and arthritis the main manifestations. In total, 92.8% of these patients started a biologic treatment at this point (rituximab or belimumab).
Association of TNFSF4 rs1234315, rs2205960 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang J -M , Yuan Z -C , Huang A -F , Xu W -D
Published: July 2019

Background

The aim of this study was to explore the association between tumor necrosis factor superfamily number 4 (TNFSF4) rs1234315, rs2205960 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility.

Methods

A meta-analysis was performed on the association between rs1234315 and rs2205960 polymorphisms and SLE by allelic contrast, additive model, recessive model and dominant model.

Results

Regarding rs1234315 polymorphism, a total of five studies were included (6575 cases, 14,798 controls). Meta-analysis showed significant associations between the T allele and SLE in overall subjects and Asians (OR = 1.310, 95%CI: 1.104–1.553, p = 0.002; OR = 1.458, 95%CI: 1.328–1.602, p < 0.001). With respect to the rs2205960 polymorphism, significant associations between the T allele and SLE were found in all subjects (OR = 1.333, 95%CI: 1.254–1.418, p < 0.001), Asians (OR = 1.407, 95%CI: 1.345–1.471, p < 0.001) and Europeans (OR = 1.254, 95%CI: 1.185–1.328, p < 0.001). Results also showed significant associations between the additive model and SLE in all subjects and Asians (OR = 1.934, 95%CI: 1.500–2.494, p < 0.001; OR = 1.882, 95%CI: 1.318–2.689, p = 0.001). Furthermore, we detected significant associations between the dominant model and SLE in all subjects and Asians (OR = 1.421, 95%CI: 1.239–1.629, p < 0.001; OR = 1.297, 95%CI: 1.083–1.555, p = 0.005). Significant associations were found between the recessive model and SLE in overall subjects and Asians (OR = 1.677, 95%CI: 1.312–2.144, p < 0.001; OR = 1.751, 95%CI: 1.235–2.483, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

The present study suggested that TNFSF4 rs1234315 and rs2205960 polymorphisms were associated with SLE susceptibility.
Serum high-mobility group box 1 is correlated with interferon-α and may predict disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Tanaka A , Ito T , Kibata K , Inagaki-Katashiba N , Amuro H , Nishizawa T , Son Y , Ozaki Y , Nomura S
Published: July 2019

Sensing self-nucleic acids through toll-like receptors in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and the dysregulated type I IFN production, represent pathogenic events in the development of the autoimmune responses in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Production of high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) promotes type I IFN response in pDCs. To better understand the active pathogenic mechanism of SLE, we measured serum levels of HMGB1, thrombomodulin, and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F, IFNα, IFNγ, TNFα) in 35 patients with SLE. Serum HMGB1 and IFNα were significantly higher in patients with active SLE (SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score ≥ 6) compared with healthy donors or patients with inactive SLE. Furthermore, the HMGB1 levels were significantly correlated with IFNα levels. By qualitative analysis, the detection of serum IFNα or HMGB1 suggests active SLE and the presence of SLE-related arthritis, fever, and urinary abnormality out of SLEDAI manifestations. Collectively, HMGB1 and IFNα levels are biomarkers reflecting disease activity, and qualitative analysis of IFNα or HMGB1 is a useful screening test to estimate SLE severity and manifestations. Our results suggest the clinical significance of type I IFNs and HMGB1 as key molecules promoting the autoimmune process in SLE.
A New Perspective on Visual Perspective in Memory
Authors: St. Jacques Peggy L.
Published: July 2019

Memories for events require adopting a particular visual perspective—viewing the past from our own eyes or from an observerlike perspective in which we see ourselves in the memory. The current review synthesizes new behavioral and functional-neuroimaging evidence on the role of visual perspective in reshaping memories and how shifting visual perspective to novel viewpoints relies on similar constructive processes during imagination. Directions for future research are also discussed.
Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Appropriate Level of Sedation to Manage Pain in Pediatric Oncology Patients Requiring Procedures: A Systematic Review From the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Duffy Elizabeth A. , Adams Tara , Thornton Clifton P. , Fisher Beth , Misasi Jennifer , McCollum Sally
Published: July 2019

Repeated invasive and painful procedures are often necessary components of pediatric cancer treatment. Adequate pain control during procedures is essential; however, procedure-related pain may be underestimated and undertreated. Currently, there is not a standard approach for the appropriate level of sedation to manage procedure-related pain in children with cancer. A team was assembled to review the evidence and develop recommendations to determine the appropriate level of sedation necessary for pain control in patients undergoing pediatric oncology procedures. After a systematic search of the literature, 15 research-based articles were synthesized and critically appraised. A recommendation was made related to the level of sedation utilized for bone marrow aspirates and bone marrow biopsies. There is a need for further research related to the necessary level of sedation for patients undergoing pediatric oncology procedures.
Comparative study of two types of self-recovery shape-memory alloy pseudo-rubber isolator devices under compression–shear interactions
Authors: Li Suchao , Mao Chenxi
Published: July 2019

Two types of novel shape-memory alloy-based devices with three-dimensional isolation potential and deformation recovery abilities were developed. These two types of isolators, which are called shape-memory alloy pseudo-rubber isolators, were both created with martensitic shape-memory alloy wires through weaving, rolling, and punching processes, but they underwent heat treatment at different fabrication stages and for different durations. A series of mechanical tests were performed on these two types of shape-memory alloy pseudo-rubber isolators to investigate their properties under compression, shear, and combined compression–shear loading at room temperature. The restorable shear limit was then investigated, and the corresponding shear failure mechanism was discussed according to a tension test of one thin layer of the shape-memory alloy wire mesh. Subsequently, the deformation recovery ability of the shape-memory alloy pseudo-rubber isolator with residual deformation was tested through heating on a thermo-control stove. Finally, the mechanical-property stabilities, energy-dissipation abilities, and recovery abilities were compared between the two types of shape-memory alloy pseudo-rubber isolator devices. The experimental results indicated that both types of shape-memory alloy pseudo-rubber isolators had excellent residual deformation recovery abilities, and the type-I shape-memory alloy pseudo-rubber isolator device had more stable mechanical properties than the type-II shape-memory alloy pseudo-rubber isolator. The type-I shape-memory alloy pseudo-rubber isolator device is thus an ideal candidate for traditional three-dimensional isolators.
Effects of magnetic core parameters on landing stability and efficiency of magnetorheological damper-based landing gear system
Authors: Han Chulhee , Kim Bo-Gyu , Kang Byung-Hyuk , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: July 2019

In this research, a new type of magnetorheological damper for a small-sized aircraft landing gear system is proposed and its performance is evaluated with respect to design parameters of the magnetic core. As a first step, a new configuration of magnetorheological damper for the landing gear system, which consists of orifices, recoil valve, and magnetic circuits, is introduced with working principles. After formulating the governing equations of motion, six different models of magnetorheological damper featuring different number of magnetic core and different pole length are chosen to investigate both the landing stability and the efficiency. Subsequently, the distribution of the magnetic field intensity of each model is analyzed through the finite element method, followed by the calculation of the field-dependent damping force to be used for the landing simulation, which is undertaken by adopting the dynamic model of a half airplane landing gear system. In order to identify the significance of the magnetic core parameters, the landing stability is judged from the sign of the minimum force and the landing efficiency is determined from the energy dissipation during the vertical drop motion.
When Is Forgetting Not Forgetting? A Discursive Analysis of Differences in Forgetting Talk Between Adults With Cystic Fibrosis With Different Levels of Adherence to Nebulizer Treatments
Authors: Drabble Sarah J. , O’Cathain Alicia , Arden Madelynne A. , Hutchings Marlene , Beever Daniel , Wildman Martin
Published: July 2019

Forgetting is often cited as a reason why people struggle to adhere to treatments for chronic conditions. Interventions have tried to improve forgetting behavior using reminders. We used a discursive psychological approach to explore differences in how high and low adherers constructed forgetting their nebulizer treatments for cystic fibrosis. Interviews were conducted with 18 adults from a cystic fibrosis center in the United Kingdom. High adherers constructed forgetting treatments as occasional lapses in automaticity and temporary lapses in memory that they found easy to repair. Low adherers utilized forgetting to normalize more consistent nonadherence to treatments. However, it is important to contextualize forgetting as a discursive resource that helped these participants to negotiate moral discourses around adherence to treatment that reminder interventions cannot address; we therefore recommend a more behavioral, patient-focused, theory-driven approach to intervention development.
System Entrapment: Dehumanization While Help-Seeking for Suicidality in Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Taylor Petrea
Published: July 2019

Attention to power imbalances when seeking help for suicidality after having been controlled within intimate partner violence (IPV) is crucial in improving health care delivery. Well documented in the literature is the correlation between suicidality and IPV and that help-seeking for each is difficult; however, a gap exists when both intersect. The process of women’s help-seeking is explored in this feminist grounded theory and photovoice multiple qualitative method study. Analysis of interviews with 32 women from New Brunswick, Canada, and photovoice meetings with seven women revealed a basic psycho-social problem. System Entrapment or being dehumanized while seeking help for suicidality occurred as a result of perceived invalidation from health care providers’ lack of empathy. Further harm while providing services to women feeling suicidal can be prevented with a shift from an individualist model toward a trauma and violence informed approach. Understanding the contextual factors influencing women’s suicidality may reduce victim blaming.
Stability and Predictors of Students’ Treatment Acceptability of Check & Connect Across Time
Authors: Tsai Shu-Chen , Kern Lee
Published: July 2019

Student views of treatment acceptability of an intervention is important but still is neither regularly assessed nor studied beyond non-behavioral interventions. Furthermore, assessment of treatment acceptability across time is almost never considered. Using data from a longitudinal, randomized controlled trial, we examined variables that predicted students’ treatment acceptability of Check & Connect, a mentoring intervention with promise for promoting school engagement. A series of multiple regressions with multiple imputations revealed that students’ treatment acceptability ratings in Year 1 significantly predicted Year 2 ratings. Other variables examined, including dosage, change in mentor, and student and mentor characteristics, were not significant in predicting students’ treatment acceptability ratings in Year 2. Implications for using treatment acceptability to facilitate buy-in and further replications are discussed.
Hand-Product Contact Point Detection on Surgical Instruments – A User Evaluation
Authors: Sampaio Álvaro M. , Simões Paulo , Arezes Pedro , Pontes António J.
Published: July 2019

The interaction of hand tools with the user is crucial and a key factor for his or her performance. In specific medical devices like surgical instruments, it is also important to ensure patient safety, namely, to avoid the risk of a surgical instrument’s being left inside a body.

This article investigates the patterns of hand-to-product contact areas by identifying the potential locations to couple an external add-on tracing device on surgical instruments. A user evaluation study was conducted to determine the contact areas between the surgeons’ hands and different surgical instruments. The methodology, the results, and a discussion are described below.
Religious Sincerity and the Reasons for Religious Freedom
Authors: Golemboski David
Published: July 2019

Embedded in U.S. legal frameworks governing the free exercise of religion is a criterion that has received surprisingly little theoretical attention: sincerity. Only those professions of belief that are sincere warrant legal accommodation. Nearly all of the existing literature on sincerity focuses on judicial “tests,” or evidentiary frameworks, for judging sincerity. This paper, in contrast, interrogates the notion of sincerity itself, developing a conception of what properly constitutes a sincere profession of belief. That conception includes three elements: genuineness, nonopportunism, and intelligibility. I then consider a fourth potential component of sincerity, vigilance, which concerns a believer’s consistency in living in accordance with their belief. A number of authors have recently proposed judicial tests requiring some sufficient degree of vigilance, but I argue that a vigilance criterion is incompatible with the fundamental values and objectives that underwrite the commitment to religious liberty in liberal political orders.
Environmental Cooperation in Conflict Zones: Riparian Infrastructure at the Armenian–Turkish Border
Authors: Altingoz Mehmet , Ali Saleem H.
Published: July 2019

Due to historical grievances, Armenia and Turkey experience severe international conflicts and do not maintain diplomatic ties. Yet, as a vestige of the Soviet period, when Armenia was not an independent country, both nations share the Arpacay/Akhuryan Dam, and riparian cooperation exists at the local level. We observed that local cross-border water institutions are authorized to manage the dam and do so via polycentric management principles. We suggest that such a devolved model of governance facilitates this unique cooperation. Furthermore, there is a positive relationship between private management of water resources in such areas and the ability to sustain cooperation. However, so far, the positive impacts of this cooperation on improving international relations have been little, if any. We suggest that what makes cooperation possible in this context also inhibits its expansion to broader peacebuilding. We also suggest that increased localization of management, coincident with improved relations, maximizes cooperation potential.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Forefoot Offloading Versus Rigid Flat Shoes in Patients Undergoing Surgery of the First Ray
Authors: Dearden Paul M. C. , Ray Robbie I. , Robinson Peter W. , Varrall Caroline R. , Goff Thomas J. , Fogarty Karren A. , Wines Andrew P.
Published: July 2019

Background:

It is common clinical practice to use either flat or reverse camber shoes to protect the foot for up to 6 weeks after surgery for hallux valgus or hallux rigidus. To date there is a paucity of evidence as to whether there is any difference between these 2 postoperative shoes, in either patient satisfaction or clinical outcomes.

Methods:

One hundred consecutive patients undergoing scarf/Akin osteotomies or first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthrodesis were recruited. Patients were randomized 50:50 to either flat or reverse camber postoperative shoes. Patients undergoing ancillary lesser toe procedures were not excluded. Patient satisfaction was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and Likert satisfaction survey. Radiographic outcomes were reviewed at 1 year observing differences in fusion rates or deformity recurrence. There were 47 patients in the reverse cam and 43 in the flat shoe group. No difference in primary forefoot operation, additional operation, age at surgery, or preop VAS pain score was seen.

Results:

At 6 weeks, there was no significant difference in postop VAS pain score. The flat shoe group was significantly more likely to be satisfied with their general mobility (86.0% vs 61.7%; P = .01) and with their stability in the shoe (90.7% vs 69.6%; P = .03). No significant difference was seen between groups for nonunion or hallux valgus recurrence rates.

Conclusion:

Both forms of postoperative footwear were effective in enabling patients to mobilize and in preventing adverse outcomes. Patients were more likely to be satisfied with a flat postoperative shoe due to improved stability and ease of mobilizing. The results of this study aid surgeon decision making for postoperative footwear in forefoot surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective randomized controlled trial.
Promoting Persuasion With Ideologically Tailored Science Messages: A Novel Approach to Research on Emphasis Framing
Authors: Luong Kate T. , Garrett R. Kelly , Slater Michael D.
Published: July 2019

Motivated reasoning in response to disconfirming science information presents a challenging barrier to science communication. This article presents a novel approach to emphasis framing, in which functionally equivalent information is framed using ideologically consistent values and tailored to the audiences. In contrast to traditional framing approaches, science information is held constant across frames and only interpretations of the information are varied. Results from an experiment provide initial support for this ideology-based framing approach. Persuasive effects are stronger for an ideologically congruent frame than for an incongruent frame, and no boomerang effects were observed. We discuss implications and directions for future research.
Buckling and frequency analysis of the nonlocal strain–stress gradient shell reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Mohammadgholiha Masoud , Shokrgozar Ali , Habibi Mostafa , Safarpour Hamed
Published: July 2019

In this study, buckling and vibrational characteristics of a nanoshell reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets under uniform axial load are investigated. The material properties of the piece-wise graphene-reinforced composites (GPLRCs) are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction of a nanoshell and are estimated using a nanomechanical model. The effects of the small scale are analyzed based on nonlocal stress–strain gradient theory (NSGT). The governing equations and boundary conditions (BCs) are developed using Hamilton’s principle and are solved with assistance of the generalized differential quadrature method. The novelty of the current study is the consideration of GPLRC and size effect as well as satisfying various boundary conditions implemented on the proposed model using NSGT. The results show that, nonlocal parameter, graphene platelet (GPL) distribution pattern, length scale parameter, number of layers, and GPL weight function have significant influence on the buckling and natural frequency of the GPLRC nanoshell. Another significant result is that nonlocal parameter does not have any effect on the buckling load for each BC. The results of the current study are useful for design of the nanoactuators and nanosensors.
A Paean to Populist Epistemology
Authors: Hammersley Martyn
Published: July 2019

A paean to Trumpery, teasing its unwitting intellectual antecedents.
A note on the compatibility equations for three-dimensional axisymmetric problems
Authors: Lubarda M. V. , Lubarda V. A.
Published: July 2019

For three-dimensional axisymmetric problems, the six compatibility equations for infinitesimal strains reduce to four, but these can be further reduced to only three equations. This is illustrated for both the Saint-Venant and the Beltrami–Michell compatibility equations. As a consequence, there is only one nontrivial differential relationship among the three compatibility equations for three-dimensional axisymmetric problems.
Mapping Creative Tourism Research: Reviewing the Field and Outlining Future Directions
Authors: Galvagno Marco , Giaccone Sonia C.
Published: July 2019

This study presents a bibliometric review of creative tourism literature aimed at understanding the main research topics and approaches, theoretical foundations, and the most recent areas of investigation. Sixty-four articles on creative tourism were selected and analyzed using co-citation analysis, content analysis, and bibliographic coupling. Findings reveal that creative tourism is a well-defined field of studies with three main research topics; namely, Tourist Experience and Co-Creation, Creativity in Tourism, and Cultural Tourism and Events. Furthermore, several theoretical approaches can be applied to a different set of empirical contexts, among which co-creation and experience economy play a major role. An analysis of the most recent publications identifies five promising research trends and allows some conclusions about the opportunities for future research to be drawn.
Consumers’ Intention to Stay in Green Hotels in Australia: Theorization and Implications
Authors: Nimri Rawan , Patiar Anoop , Kensbock Sandra , Jin Xin
Published: July 2019

Despite multiple calls to protect the environment, adopting environmentally friendly behaviors is still considered to be one of the most persistent challenges in behavior transformation agendas. This study sought to expand existing knowledge of hotel consumers’ green behaviors by developing and testing an extended model of the theory of planned behavior. More specifically, this study incorporated past experience into the theory of planned behavior model to understand comprehensively consumers’ decision-making processes with respect to their intentions to stay at a green hotel. Results from the structural model from a sample of 781 Australian travelers showed that the proposed theoretical framework had a strong ability to predict intention and identified the prominent role of past experience in generating intention. The results offer further perspectives into consumers’ decision-making processes, which can assist hotel managers in the development and execution of hotel operations accounting for consumers’ environmentally friendly purchase behavior.
A cross-sectional descriptive analysis of portrayal of autism spectrum disorders in YouTube videos: A short report
Authors: Bellon-Harn Monica L , Manchaiah Vinaya , Morris Lekeitha R
Published: July 2019

Professionals have expressed concerns about the quality of autism-related information available from Internet-based sources. The purpose of this study was to examine the source, content, usability, and actionability of autism spectrum disorder–related information contained in 100 different videos directed to families of children with autism spectrum disorder uploaded to YouTube. Upload sources were identified, and video content was coded. Understandability and actionability of the videos were examined using Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials. The collective number of views of the videos was almost 100 million. The length of videos was 691.17 min (i.e. 11.5 h) with the shortest video being 30 s and the longest video being 37.36 min. The YouTube videos related to autism spectrum disorder covered a range of issues, although much of the content was focused on signs and symptoms. No difference in content reporting was noted based on sources for most categories, although differences were noted in some categories (e.g. professionals mentioned diagnosis and resources more frequently). Poor understandability and actionability scores (i.e. below 70%) were reported for all videos regardless of video source. However, the videos generated by the professionals were superior in terms of understandability. Study implications and recommendations for further research are discussed.