bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen fertilization of rice plants before flowering affects sake fermentation and quality
Authors: Miyamoto Takuji , Nishida Ikuhisa , Ohtake Norikuni , Hirata Dai
Published: September 2022

Background and Objective

Nitrogen fertilizer applied as top‐dressing to rice plants before flowering affects the yield and quality of rice grains. However, little is known about the effects of varying dosages of nitrogen at this stage on the brewing properties of sake using the rice grains. To explore this topic, we cultivated the sake rice cultivar “Koshitanrei” with low and high levels of nitrogen (equivalent to 10 kg and 30 kg N per hectare, respectively) applied 1 week before flowering and then conducted a small‐scale sake brewing test using the harvested rice.

Findings

Sake made from rice from the low‐N treatment was fermented more efficiently. This yielded a higher volume of sake with a higher alcohol concentration and decreased amino acid concentrations.

Conclusions

The use of rice from the low‐N treatment enhanced alcohol fermentation, resulting in increased alcohol yield and decreased concentrations of amino acids and related compounds.

Significance and Novelty

The amount of nitrogen applied to rice plants before flowering affects the fermentation properties of rice grains in sake brewing, and this can alter the quality and sensory properties of sake even though the nitrogen content of rice grains is unaffected.
Disseminated scabies in a 2‐month‐old infant
Authors: Rasti Sima , Talaee Rezvan , Abdoli Amir
Published: September 2022

Scabies is a skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. We report disseminated scabies in a 2‐month‐old girl as well as eczematoid lesions in her mother. The diagnosis was made by skin scraping and microscopic examination of the crusts. The patients were successfully treated with permethrin cream (5%).
Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Additively Manufactured Materials
Authors: Guse Fabian , Voshage Maximilian , Schleifenbaum Johannes H. , Schmitz Katharina
Published: September 2022

Cavitation‐induced wear, also known as cavitation erosion, can be found in many fluid power components, especially in water hydraulics. Cavitation erosion leads to component damage and might even cause system failure. The resistance of various materials to cavitation erosion when using conventional manufacturing processes has already been investigated in the past. In this work, the effects of additively manufactured materials on the resistance to cavitation erosion are investigated and compared to effects after conventional manufacturing. Also, the influence of the build‐up direction of the additively manufactured specimens on cavitation erosion is determined. As the main indicators of cavitation erosion, mass loss and the surface structure are determined for all specimens.
CH‐π Multi‐Interaction‐Driven Recognition and Isolation of Planar Compounds in a Spheroidal Polyaromatic Cavity
Authors: Kishida Natsuki , Tanaka Yuya , Yoshizawa Michito
Published: September 2022

π‐π Interactions are established as a powerful supramolecular tool, whereas the usability of CH‐π interactions has been rather limited so far. Here we present (i) selective binding of planar polyaromatics and (ii) effective isolation of planar metal complexes by a polyaromatic capsule, utilizing multiple CH‐π interactions. In the spheroidal cavity, one molecule of large and medium‐sized polyaromatic molecules (i. e., coronene and pyrene) is exclusively bound from mixtures bearing the same number of aromatic CH groups. Theoretical studies reveal that multiple host‐guest CH‐π interactions (up to 32 interactions) are the predominant driving force for the observed selectivity. In addition, one molecule of planar metal complexes (i. e., porphine and bis(acetylacetonato) Cu(II) complexes) is quantitatively bound by the capsule through aromatic and aliphatic CH‐π multi‐interactions, respectively. The ESR and theoretical studies demonstrate the isolation capability of the capsular framework and an unusual polar environment in the polyaromatic cavity.
Enantiodivergent Chemoenzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution: Conversion of Racemic Propargyl Alcohols into Both Enantiomers
Authors: Horino Satoshi , Nishio Tomoya , Kawanishi Shinji , Oki Shinya , Nishihara Koichi , Ikawa Takashi , Kanomata Kyohei , Wagner Karla , Gröger Harald , Akai Shuji
Published: September 2022

Natural lipases typically recognize enantiomers of alcohols based on the size differences of substituents near the carbinol moiety and selectively react with the R enantiomers of secondary alcohols. Therefore, lipase‐catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of racemic secondary alcohols produces only R enantiomers. We report herein a method for obtaining S enantiomers by DKR of secondary 3‐(trialkylsilyl)propargyl alcohols by using a well‐known R‐selective Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase in combination with a racemization catalyst VMPS4, in which the silyl group reverses the size relationship of substituents near the carbinol moiety. We have already reported R‐selective DKR of the corresponding propargyl alcohols without substituents on the ethynyl terminal carbon, and the presence of an easily removable silyl group has enabled us to produce both enantiomers of propargyl alcohols in high chemical yields and with high enantiomeric excess. In addition, immobilization of the lipase on Celite was found to be important for achieving a high efficiency of the DKR.
Umpolung Reactivity of Imine Ester: Visible‐Light Mediated Transfer Hydrogenation of α‐Aryl Imino Esters by Phenylsilane and Water
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhao HengYuan , Chen Jingchao , Zhang FuQin , Fan Baomin
Published: September 2022

A visible‐light mediated chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of α‐aryl imino esters was demonstrated. The methodology allowed the efficient and practical preparation of α‐amino acid esters. The mechanism of the reaction was probed by DFT calculations, and deuteration experiments indicated deuterium was introduced into amino acid esters efficiently (up to 99 % D ratio), enabling a feasible way to obtain deuterated amino acids using D2O as a cheap deuterium source.
Using Numerical Dissipation Rate and Viscosity to Assess Turbulence‐Related Data Accuracy – Part 1: Experimental Setup
Authors: Turek Vojtěch , Jegla Zdeněk , Dohnal Miloslav , Reppich Marcus
Published: September 2022

This is the first part of a two‐part paper focusing on the assessment of accuracy of turbulence‐related data from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using effective numerical dissipation rate and effective numerical viscosity. Setup of the CFD cases replicating a swirling pipe flow experiment from literature, for which turbulence‐related data measured via laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) had been reported, is presented. The way effective numerical dissipation rate and effective numerical viscosity were obtained for each mesh cell is also discussed. The results of the study are presented in the second part of this series.
Engaging in internal audit research… in the public sector no less: A Hara‐kiri for your academic career? No way!
Authors: Roussy Mélanie
Published: September 2022

Recently, two reviews of the internal auditing literature identify only about 6% of published articles in the public sector context. Drawing on my own experience as an internal audit researcher and on these two literature reviews, I identify several research avenues specific to the practice of internal auditing in this sector. Notably, the impacts of the governance structure and the level of maturity of the organizations in which internal audit operates and of the external publication of internal audit reports remain insufficiently documented. I also debunk two persistent prejudices about internal audit and public sector research and discuss related methodological challenges that must be met to establish the relevance of studies.
The effect of bitumen molecular fractions on diffusivity and rheology of bitumen under high‐temperature conditions: Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammadali , Clarke Matthew , Chen Zhangxin
Published: September 2022

Heavy oil and bitumen play an incredible role in Canada's energy resources. The main processes that have already been applied to produce heavy oil and bitumen are in‐situ thermal methods. The primary mechanism of production in these reservoirs is a reduction in heavy oil and bitumen viscosities via heat transfer. Having deep knowledge about the rheological behaviour of heavy oil and bitumen is crucial to designing a more accurate and efficient in‐situ thermal recovery method. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to model the rheological behaviour of bitumen under different temperatures. According to MD outputs, the highest diffusion coefficient between bitumen fractions belongs to saturate fractions. On the other hand, the lowest diffusion coefficient belongs to asphaltene fractions. The size of asphaltene, its polarity, and the polarity of a resin fraction affect the diffusion coefficient of asphaltene in a bitumen sample and its rheological behaviour. The MD simulation aims to provide molecular insights and essential information about the rheological trend of bitumen under different thermodynamic conditions. The results of the current work provide essential information about the effect of bitumen fractions on its rheological behaviour.
From DC18 to MR07: A Metabolically Stable 4,4′‐Oxybisbenzoyl Amide as a Low‐Nanomolar Growth Inhibitor of P. falciparum
Authors: Bassanini Ivan , Parapini Silvia , Basilico Nicoletta , Taramelli Donatella , Romeo Sergio
Published: September 2022

To improve the metabolic stability of a 4,4′‐oxybisbenzoyl‐based novel and potent (nanomolar‐range IC50) antiplasmodial agent previously described by us, in silico‐guided structure‐activity relationship (SAR) campaigns have been conducted to substitute its peptide decorations with more metabolically stable residues. The effects of the various structural modifications were then correlated with the antiplasmodial activity in vitro in phenotypic assays. Among the several derivatives synthetized and compared with the 3D‐pharmacophoric map of the original lead, a novel compound, characterized by a western tert‐butyl glycine residue and an eastern 1S,2S‐aminoacyclohexanol, showed low‐nanomolar‐range antiplasmodial activity, no signs of cross‐resistance and, most importantly, 47‐fold improved Phase I metabolic stability when incubated with human liver microsomes. These results highlight the efficacy of in silico‐guided SAR campaigns which will allow us to further optimize the structure of the new lead aiming at testing its efficacy in vivo using different routes of administration.
Fast and accurate computation of high‐order Tchebichef polynomials
Authors: Abdulhussain Sadiq H. , Mahmmod Basheera M. , Baker Thar , Al‐Jumeily Dhiya
Published: September 2022

Discrete Tchebichef polynomials (DTPs) and their moments are effectively utilized in different fields such as video and image coding, pattern recognition, and computer vision due to their remarkable performance. However, when the moments order becomes large (high), DTPs prone to exhibit numerical instabilities. In this article, a computationally efficient and numerically stable recurrence algorithm is proposed for high order of moment. The proposed algorithm is based on combining two recurrence algorithms, which are the recurrence relations in the and ‐directions. In addition, an adaptive threshold is used to stabilize the generation of the DTP coefficients. The designed algorithm can generate the DTP coefficients for high moment's order and large signal size. By large signal size, we mean the samples of the discrete signal are large. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, a comparison study is performed with state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in terms of computational cost and capability of generating DTPs with large polynomial size and high moment order. The results show that the proposed algorithm has a remarkably low computation cost and is numerically stable, where the proposed algorithm is 27 times faster than the state‐of‐the‐art algorithm.
Dental management before radiotherapy of the head and neck region: 4‐year single‐center experience
Authors: Hoffmann Lea , Marschner Sebastian N. , Kakoschke Tamara K. , Hickel Reinhard , Sabbagh Hisham , Wölfle Uta C.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To review our experience with a standardized dental management approach in patients with planned radiotherapy of the head and neck region based on preradiation and follow‐up data.

Material and Methods

Records of patients who underwent radiotherapy between June 2016 and November 2020 were reviewed. Data on dental findings and therapeutic recommendations were extracted from a prospectively managed database. Hospital records were used to obtain follow‐up data.

Results

Two hundred eighty‐one patient records were identified. After the exclusion of 81 patients because of incomplete data, 200 patients were included in the study. Dental findings relevant to radiotherapy were found in 144 cases (72.0%). Teeth extractions were recommended in 112 (56.0%) patients. Follow‐up data were available for 172 (86.0%) patients (mean follow‐up: 16.8 ± 10.7 months). Radiodermatitis was the most frequently observed sequela of radiotherapy (42.4%), followed by dysphagia (38.4%) and stomatitis (36.6%). Osteoradionecrosis was observed in only 2.3% of the patients.

Conclusion

Dental findings relevant to planned radiotherapy were frequent and in many cases resulted in recommendations for teeth extraction. Based on our standardized dental management protocol, we observed low rates of late oral complications after radiotherapy of the head and neck region.
Soil Testing: How Precise Is My Lab Data?
Authors: Hopkins Bryan G. , Lawley John R. , Cardon Grant E.
Published: September 2022

Technologically advanced management of plants growing in soils can be greatly benefited by properly performed soil, water, and plant tissue analysis. But how accurate and precise does this data need to be? And, how well are our laboratories performing for each of the various tests that are performed? This article provides an assessment of soil analysis. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Institutionalizing corporate social responsibility disclosure: Historical webpages of the Fortune global 500 companies, 1997–2009
Authors: Zheng Enying , Liao Wenjie , Xing Yan , Zheng Jiajia
Published: September 2022

Management and organization scholarships have paid increasing attention to corporate social responsibility (CSR). Less is known about the historical processes leading to the institutionalization of CSR reporting. We bridge the gap by coding and analyzing a digital archive of multinational enterprises' historical websites between 1997 and 2009. Combining in‐depth case studies of detailed environmental disclosure histories of three companies with quantitative summaries of 263 such companies, we find that these companies learned to define the CSR term and adjust their disclosing behaviors gradually, from ad hoc mentioning of idiosyncratic themes to disclosing proliferating themes, often in the dedicated separate website section. Accompanying this change was the growth of global initiatives such as Global Compact and Global Reporting Initiatives and their disclosure guidelines. These findings not only illuminate a historical perspective but also epitomize the dialectical relationship between business and institutional pressures.
Emerging Modification Technologies of Lignin‐based Activated Carbon toward Advanced Applications
Authors: Chen Kai , He Zi‐Jing , Liu Zhi‐Hua , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Li Bing‐Zhi , Yuan Ying‐Jin
Published: September 2022

Lignin‐based activated carbon (LAC) is a promising high‐quality functional material due to high surface area, abundant porous structure, and various functional groups. Modification is the most important step to functionalize LAC by altering its porous and chemical properties. This Review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art modification technologies of LAC toward advanced applications. Promising modification approaches are reviewed to display their effects on the preparation of LAC. The multiscale changes in the porosity and the surface chemistry of LAC are fully discussed. Advanced applications are then introduced to show the potential of LAC for supercapacitor electrode, catalyst support, hydrogen storage, and carbon dioxide capture. Finally, the mechanistic structure‐function relationships of LAC are elaborated. These results highlight that modification technologies play a special role in altering the properties and defining the functionalities of LAC, which could be a promising porous carbon material toward industrial applications.
A single‐phase p‐type ac–ac converter with reduced components count and high boost factor
Authors: Abdoli Iman , Hajiabadi Mostafa Karimi , Mosallanejad Ali , Lahooti Eshkevari Alireza
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes a new single‐phase direct step‐up ac–ac converter by modifying the p‐type impedance source. It provides a high boost factor as well as high efficiency, while only six parts are required to design it, involving just two bidirectional power switches. A safe commutation method has been applied to power switches to make the converter snubber‐free and high efficient. Input and output harmonic filters are no longer required since input and output currents variate continuously with small ripple and low total harmonic distortion (THD). The proposed topology only modulates the output voltage amplitude, not the phase and frequency, so the output frequency is identical to the input frequency and constant. Thus, it can be utilized in step‐up conversion applications, like inductive power transmission from low ac voltage sources. Input and output have the same ground, which is a good protective feature. In this paper, the operating principle of the converter is demonstrated. Experimental results have been represented to evaluate the performance of the converter. For this purpose, an experimental prototype has been fabricated. Results are investigated and compared with other previous step‐up ac–ac converters. Results confirm the theory, operating principle, and performance of the converter.
Autonomic nervous system activity moderates associations between temperament and externalizing behaviors in early childhood
Authors: Zhou Anna M. , Morales Santiago , Youatt Elizabeth A. , Buss Kristin A.
Published: September 2022

Temperamental risk, such as surgency, negative affect, and poor effortful control, has been posited as a predictor of externalizing symptom development. However, autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity underlying processes of reactivity and regulation may moderate associations between early temperament and later externalizing behaviors during early childhood. The aim of the present study was to examine how interactions between resting sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) activity at age 5 may moderate associations between temperamental risk at age 3 and externalizing behavior at age 6 (n = 87). Results demonstrate different interactions between resting ANS activity and temperamental risk to predict externalizing behaviors. For children with lower SNS activation at rest, surgency was positively associated with externalizing behaviors. Negative affect was positively associated with externalizing behaviors except when there were either high levels of SNS and PNS activity or low levels of SNS and PNS activity. Effortful control was not associated with externalizing behaviors, though SNS and PNS activity interacted to predict externalizing behaviors after accounting for effortful control. Taken together, the results highlight the importance to examine multisystem resting physiological activity as a moderator of associations between temperamental risk and the development of externalizing  behaviors.
GAO examines testing company accommodations for students with disabilities
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: September 2022

Students often ask disability services providers about accommodations for standardized tests and how to request them. Under the Americans with Disabilities Act, the testing companies must provide accommodations.
The importance of harmful and potentially harmful constituents in the implementation of the 2009 US Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act
Authors: Solyst James
Published: September 2022

Implementing the 2009 US Tobacco Control Act established a new infrastructure for tobacco and nicotine science. At its heart is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products (CTP). A key challenge facing FDA CTP is determining whether nicotine products are “appropriate to the protection of the public health,” and this is the central component of the Premarket Tobacco Application (PMTA) and Modified Risk Tobacco Application (MRTP) processes. CTP has granted such marketing orders for only a few products but has been consistent in its reasoning: the applicant demonstrated that the product(s) has low levels of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHCs). By doing so, FDA has equated low levels of HPHCs with public health benefit. Other factors will be increasingly important, but the regulatory history indicates that no product will be granted a marketing order unless it has low levels of HPHCs. This science‐driven regulatory approach has been possible due to the rapid evolution of the knowledge base and expansion of scientific human resources, including establishment of a robust CTP Office of Science to evaluate the extensive dossiers that manufacturers must submit. Companies therefore established internal regulatory science programs, and contract research organizations developed capabilities needed to support regulatory dossiers. This article focuses on the chemistry and toxicology part of the regulatory science process and also presents the industry side of the regulatory process by examining the experience of one company—Swedish Match—that was granted the first PMTA and MRTP marketing authorizations.
Seascapes and foraging success: Movement and resource discovery by a benthic marine herbivore
Authors: MacGregor Kathleen A. , Johnson Ladd E.
Published: September 2022

Spatially concentrated resources result in patch‐based foraging, wherein the detection and choice of patches as well as the process of locating and exploiting resource patches involve moving through an explicit landscape composed of both resources and barriers to movement. An understanding of behavioral responses to resources and barriers is key to interpreting observed ecological patterns. We examined the process of resource discovery in the context of a heterogeneous seascape using sea urchins and drift kelp in urchin barrens as a model system. Under field conditions, we manipulated both the presence of a highly valuable resource (drift kelp) and a barrier to movement (sandy substratum) to test the interacting influence of these two factors on the process of resource discovery in barren grounds by urchins. We removed all foraging urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) from replicate areas and monitored urchin recolonization and kelp consumption. We tested two hypotheses: (1) unstable substratum is a barrier to urchin movement and (2) the movement behavior of sea urchins is modified by the presence of drift kelp. Very few urchins were found on sand, sand was a permeable barrier to urchin movement, and the permeability of this barrier varied between sites. In general, partial recolonization occurred strikingly rapidly, but sand slowed the consumption of drift kelp by limiting the number of urchins. Differences in the permeability of sand barriers between sites could be driven by differences in the size structure of urchin populations, indicating size‐specific environmental effects on foraging behavior. We demonstrate the influence of patchy seascapes in modulating grazing intensity in barren grounds through modifications of foraging behavior. Behavioral processes modified by environmental barriers play an important role in determining grazing pressure, the existence of refuges for new algal recruits, and ultimately the dynamics of urchin‐algal interactions in barren grounds.
Response to: A paleoecological context to assess the development of oak forest in Colombia: A comment on Zorrilla‐Azcué, S., González‐Rodríguez, A., Oyama, K., González, M.A. & Rodríguez‐Correa, H., The DNA history of a lonely oak: Quercus humboldtii phylogeography in the Colombian Andes. Ecology and Evolution 2021, doi:10.1002/ece3.7529
Authors: Zorrilla‐Azcué Sofía , González‐Rodríguez Antonio , Oyama Ken , González Mailyn A. , Rodríguez‐Correa Hernando
Published: September 2022

In this response, we address comments and clarify the rationale behind the choice of hypotheses aimed to describe the Quercus humboldtii phylogeography in the Colombian Andes. Finally, we explain our disagreement with the conclusions of a previous critique, since these are not necessarily adequate under the implemented population genetics approach.
Feeding behavior innovation increases foraging efficiency in the Amur falcon but may be a threat to Asian particolored bats
Authors: Feng Lei , Li Jingjing , Qin Hexuan , Liu Yingying , Wu Hui , Feng Jiang , Jiang Tinglei
Published: September 2022

Behavioral innovations are rare and infrequent in the natural world, but they are pivotal for animals to respond to environmental changes. The ecological benefits of these innovations remain unknown, especially in wild populations. Here, two foraging strategies and three eating behaviors of the Amur falcon (Falco amurensis) were observed during predation on Asian particolored bats (Vespertilio sinensis) across 3 years. We demonstrated that an eating behavioral innovation in F. amurensis increased the foraging efficiency of V. sinensis more than twofold during 3 consecutive years. This showed that changes in feeding behavior by a bird strongly influenced the rate of energy intake. Since predation on bats by falcons mainly occurred during the lactation and post‐lactation of bats, this may have a certain level of negative effect on the bat population.
Spatiotemporal patterns of male and female white‐tailed deer on a hunted landscape
Authors: Stewart Dylan G. , Gulsby William D. , Ditchkoff Stephen S. , Collier Bret A.
Published: September 2022

Resource selection in sexually dimorphic ungulates is at least partially explained by sex‐specific resource requirements and risk aversion strategies. Females generally spend more time in areas with less risk and abundant, high‐quality forage due to their smaller body size. However, demographically variable responses to risk are context dependent, and few have concurrently quantified male and female behavior within areas with the same resource base. We captured 111 (54 males, 57 females) adult white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from 2009 to 2018 on a site in South Carolina, USA, where hunters were the primary source of adult mortality. We fit each deer with a GPS collar programmed to collect locations at 30‐min intervals. Upon collar recovery, we analyzed the data to estimate sex‐ and time‐specific selection for, and distance to, various cover types. While both sexes generally avoided risky areas (i.e., sites hunted more frequently) during the day, females (p = .41) were more likely than males (p = .16) to use risky areas containing abundant food resources during the day, wherep = probability of selection. Our findings indicate that female white‐tailed deer may be forced to utilize high risk areas during high risk periods due to their smaller body size and increased nutritional demands, whereas larger males are better able to forgo foraging opportunities during risky periods to mitigate risk; however, our study design left room for the possibility that our observations were driven by innate sex‐specific patterns in white‐tailed deer. Nonetheless, our study contributes information to the literature by describing sex‐specific resource selection by diel period on a site where sexes shared the same resources and were presented with the same landscape of risk.
Drastic decline of extensive grassland species in Central Europe since 1950: Forester moths of the genusJordanita(Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae) as a type example
Authors: Markl Gregor , Hinneberg Heiko , Tarmann Gerhard
Published: September 2022

The decline of biodiversity in general and of insect diversity in particular has been recognized as a major environmental problem in recent years. In this study, we analyze the distribution and the decline of populations of forester moths of the genusJordanitain Central Europe since 1950 as a type example of the loss of grassland biodiversity, and discuss potential drivers causing this decline. Based on the extensive work in museums and private collections, a literature review and own observations, and including data as far back as 1834, this genus helps to understand the deeper reasons of insect population and biodiversity decline, as the well investigated six Central European species cover a broad range of extensive grassland habitats (fens to low‐production grassland and xerothermic steppes) from low altitudes to high alpine meadows. Therefore, they monitor processes relevant also to other, less investigated grassland species. Although there are differences in research intensity over time and in different natural areas, we show that in the whole of Central Europe, the populations of all six investigatedJordanitaspecies broke down massively in the past decades, both in terms of number of populated habitats (about 400 recorded localities after the year 2000 compared with a total number of about 1600 at all times, cumulated for all six species) and in terms of number of individuals. On the other hand, some natural areas on a regional scale have more or less maintained theirJordanitapopulations, due to conservative land use and due to the early implementation of conservation and protection management plans. The reasons of decline are manifold and monitored in detail by the different species with their different habitat requirements. They comprise (1) loss of habitats due to land use changes (both intensification and abandonment), (2) loss of habitats due to urbanization and construction work, (3) loss of habitat networks to cope with small‐scale extinction events, (4) more intensive growth of grass at the expense of other plants in otherwise undisturbed habitats due to fertilization through the air (increased nitrogen levels due to human activities) and (5) use of pesticides.
Sod translocation to restore habitats of the myrmecophilous butterfly Phengaris (Maculinea) teleius on former agricultural fields
Authors: Sevilleja Cristina G. , Van Langevelde Frank , Gallego‐Zamorano Juan , Bassignana Chiara F. , Wynhoff Irma
Published: September 2022

In Europe, 50%–70% of former natural grassland area has been destroyed during the past 30 years due to land use changes, losses are expected to increase in the future. Restoration is thought to reverse this situation by creating suitable abiotic conditions. In this paper, we investigate the effects of sod translocation with specific vegetation to facilitate the restoration of a former intensive agricultural field into a wet meadow. First, starting conditions were optimized including modification of the local hydrology, removal of the fertilized topsoil, application of liming, and translocation of fresh clippings as a seed source. The second part aimed at restoring the habitat for the butterfly species Phengaris (Maculinea) teleius, one of the species that was especially affected by the loss of wet meadows. This species engages in a complex myrmecophilous relationship with one host plant, Sanguisorba officinalis, and one obligate host ant, Myrmica scabrinodis. We used sod translocation to create islands of habitat to promote host plant and host ant colonization. After 4 years following the restoration, we observed that plants spread from the transplanted sods to the surroundings. The vegetation composition and structure of the transplanted sods attracted colonization of Myrmica ants into the restored areas. Following the increase in vegetation cover and height, Myrmica ant colonies further spread into the restored areas. Therefore, sod translocations can be considered an effective restoration method following topsoil removal in the process of restoring wet meadows to provide a starting point for ant colonization and plant dispersion. With these findings, this paper contributes to the evidence‐based restoration of wet meadows on former agricultural fields, including complex interactions between invertebrates and their required ecological relationships.
Collaboration, not competition, will distinguish successful higher education institutions in the future
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: September 2022

“You can either manage disruption or be victimized by it.”

— Scott Galloway
Review 10 things every transcript evaluator should know
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: September 2022

Reviewing transcripts can feel really procedural, but there's a lot more to it than that, said Katie Schwienteck, Registrar at Penn State York. Schwienteck outlined 10 things transcript evaluators should know at a session of the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers Technology & Transfer Summit, held online.
Answer every question with ‘yes,’ encourage professional development
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: September 2022

“Answer every question with ‘yes.’” Jonathan T. Reece, M.Ed., University Registrar at the University of North Carolina Charlotte, credits that philosophy for his professional success, and it's the advice he gives his staff members and others for growing their careers.
Stilbene‐based derivatives as potential inhibitors of trimethylamine (TMA)‐lyase affect gut microbiota in coronary heart disease
Authors: Li Jincai , Huang Peng , Cheng Wangxing , Niu Qian
Published: September 2022

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is defined by atherosclerosis, which may result in stenosis or blockage of the arterial cavity, leading to ischemic cardiac diseases such as angina and myocardial infarction (MI). Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota play a critical role in the initiation and progression of CHD. The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) is intimately linked to the pathophysiology of CHD. The hepatic flavin‐containing monooxygenases (FMOs) convert trimethylamine (TMA) to TMAO. As a result, it is critical to prevent TMA generation. Stilbenes could reduce cardiovascular disease mortality. Twelve stilbenes with inhibitory activity against TMA‐lyase were compiled and evaluated in this study. Docking results showed Resveratroloside had the highest Vina score, indicating that it was the most active and might be employed as a lead molecule for further structural modification.
Neuroprotective effects of a novel peptide from Lignosus rhinocerotis against 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by inhibiting NF‐κB activation
Authors: Xiong Chuan , Zhu Yu , Luo Qiang , Phan Chia Wei , Huo Yujie , Li Ping , Li Qiang , Jin Xin , Huang Wenli
Published: September 2022

According to previous studies, oxidative stress is a leading cause of dopaminergic neuron death and may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In the current study, we used chromatography of gel filtration to identify a novel peptide (Lignosus rhinocerotis peptide [LRP]) from the sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden. Its neuroprotective effect was evaluated using an in vitro PD model constructed by 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐stimulated to apoptosis in PC12 cells. The molecular weight of LRP is determined as 1532 Da and the secondary structure is irregular. The simple amino acid sequence of LRP is Thr‐Leu‐Ala‐Pro‐Thr‐Phe‐Leu‐Ser‐Ser‐Leu‐Gly‐Pro‐Cys‐Leu‐Leu. Notably, LRP has the ability to significantly boost the viability of PC12 cells after exposure to 6‐OHDA, as well as enhance the cellular activity of antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px). LRP also lowers the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), decreases the activation performance of Caspase‐3, and reduces 6‐OHDA‐induced apoptosis via inhibition of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) activation. These data indicate that LRP may have the potential to act as a neuroprotective agent.
West Virginia v. EPA: Behind the Supreme Court's Principled Decision
Authors: Sabino Anthony Michael
Published: September 2022

Amongst the US Supreme Court's more controversial decisions this past term was one which, by most accounts, garnered equal amounts of approbation and dismay. In the June 30, 2022 West Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency (“West VA”) ruling, a staunch majority of the High Court ruled that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) lacked the statutory authority to impose radical changes upon the electricity generation industry. Some applauded the decision as a much‐needed check on unbridled administrative power. Others disapproved of thwarting the regulators from compelling a much‐needed shift in energy production away from fossil fuels and toward renewable energy generation sources.
Using Analytics to Transform Data into Actionable Insights
Authors: Aweh Amanda
Published: September 2022

The information age has created an explosion of data. In the past 15 years data and analytics have revolutionized the way businesses understand and interact with their customers. In 2010, the International Data Corporation (IDC) calculated that the world created approximately two trillion gigabytes (GB) of digital information, already an impressive amount. However, in 2022 the World Economic Forum estimated that 44 trillion GB of data were created, a 22‐fold increase.
The astroglial and stem cell functions of adult rat folliculostellate cells
Authors: Fletcher Patrick A. , Smiljanic Kosara , Prévide Rafael M. , Constantin Stephanie , Sherman Arthur S. , Coon Steven L. , Stojilkovic Stanko S.
Published: September 2022

The mammalian pituitary gland is a complex organ consisting of hormone‐producing cells, anterior lobe folliculostellate cells (FSCs), posterior lobe pituicytes, vascular pericytes and endothelial cells, and Sox2‐expressing stem cells. We present single‐cell RNA sequencing and immunohistofluorescence analyses of pituitary cells of adult female rats with a focus on the transcriptomic profiles of nonhormonal cell types. Samples obtained from whole pituitaries and separated anterior and posterior lobe cells contained all expected pituitary resident cell types and lobe‐specific vascular cell subpopulations. FSCs and pituicytes expressed S100B, ALDOC, EAAT1, ALDH1A1, and VIM genes and proteins, as well as other astroglial marker genes, some common and some cell type‐specific. We also found that the SOX2 gene and protein were expressed in ~15% of pituitary cells, including FSCs, pituicytes, and a fraction of hormone‐producing cells, arguing against its stem cell specificity. FSCs comprised two Sox2‐expressing subclusters; FS1 contained more cells but lower genetic diversity, while FS2 contained proliferative cells, shared genes with hormone‐producing cells, and expressed genes consistent with stem cell niche formation, regulation of cell proliferation and stem cell pluripotency, including the Hippo and Wnt pathways. FS1 cells were randomly distributed in the anterior and intermediate lobes, while FS2 cells were localized exclusively in the marginal zone between the anterior and intermediate lobes. These data indicate the identity of the FSCs as anterior pituitary‐specific astroglia, with FS1 cells representing differentiated cells equipped for classical FSC roles and FS2 cells exhibiting additional stem cell‐like features.
Racial/ethnic differences in fibrosis prevalence and progression in biopsy‐proven steatosis: A focus on the Asian American population
Authors: Kim Rebecca G. , Chu Janet N. , Vittinghoff Eric , Deng Jasmine , Reaso Jewel N. , Grenert James P. , Khalili Mandana
Published: September 2022

Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) globally, and vulnerable populations are disproportionately affected. Prior studies have suggested racial/ethnic differences in FLD prevalence and severity; however, these studies often excluded Asian Americans. This study aims to evaluate racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of, and predictors associated with steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, and fibrosis progression over time within a diverse population. Using descriptive analyses and multivariable modeling, we performed a longitudinal evaluation of 648 patients with histologic evidence of FLD (steatosis or steatohepatitis) from August 2009 to February 2020 within San Francisco's safety‐net health care system. Overall demographics were median age of 53 years, 54% male, and 38% Asian (40% Hispanic, 14% White). On histology, 61% had steatohepatitis and 30% had advanced fibrosis (≥F3). The comparison between steatosis and steatohepatitis groups showed differences in sex, race/ethnicity, metabolic risk factors, and co‐existing CLD (predominantly viral hepatitis); patients with steatosis were more likely to be Asian (50%), and those with steatohepatitis were more likely to be Hispanic (51%). On multivariable modeling, while Asian race (vs. non‐Asian) was not associated with steatohepatitis or advanced fibrosis when models included all relevant clinical predictors, Asian race was associated with higher relative risk of fibrosis progression as defined by change in Fibrosis‐4 category over time (relative risk ratio = 1.9; p = 0.047). Conclusion: In this vulnerable population with a large proportion of Asian Americans, Asian race was associated with progression of fibrosis. Given the relative paucity of data in this high‐risk group, future studies should confirm these findings.
Hall effects on magnetohydrodynamic rotating flow through porous medium in a parallel plate channel with various oscillations of pressure gradient
Authors: Krishna M. Veera
Published: September 2022

We explored the unsteady flow of an incompressible electrically conducting viscous fluid in a gyratory porous medium with a changeable pressure gradient by taking Hall currents into account. The governing equations are then solved analytically with the help of the Laplace transforms methodology. It is regarded as three dissimilar cases, namely, an impulsive change, cosine as well as sine oscillations of the pressure gradient. The physical significances of different dimensionless parameters on velocity distributions are explored analytically and computationally. It is observed that a thin boundary layer is formed near the plate of the channel and the thicknesses of the layer increase with the increase in either the Hall parameter or Reynolds number while it decreases with an increase in Hartmann number. It is interesting to note that the rotation and Lorentz forces are having noteworthy effects on velocity profiles with pressure gradient and Hall currents.
Comparison of human papillomavirus‐based cervical cancer screening strategies in Tanzania among women with and without HIV
Authors: Kahesa Crispin , Thomsen Louise T. , Linde Ditte S. , Mchome Bariki , Katanga Johnson , Swai Patricia , Manongi Rachel , Kjaerem Myassa , Iftner Thomas , Waldstrøm Marianne , Mwaiselage Julius , Rasch Vibeke , Kjær Susanne K.
Published: September 2022

Cervical cancer is the most common female cancer in Eastern Africa, and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends human papillomavirus (HPV)‐based screening as a key element to eliminate the disease. In this cross‐sectional study from Tanzania, we compared nine HPV‐based cervical cancer screening strategies, including HPV testing at standard cut‐off; HPV testing at increased viral load cut‐offs; HPV testing with partial/extended genotyping, and HPV testing with visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). We pooled data collected during 2008 to 2009 and 2015 to 2017 from 6851 women aged 25 to 65. Cervical cytology samples were HPV tested with Hybrid Capture 2, and HPV positive samples were genotyped with INNO‐LiPA Extra II. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and VIA were done according to local standards. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of screening strategies, with high‐grade cytological lesions as reference, separately for women with and without HIV. HPV testing at standard cut‐off (1.0 relative light units [RLU]) had highest sensitivity (HIV+: 97.8%; HIV−: 91.5%), but moderate specificity (HIV+: 68.1%; HIV−: 85.7%). Increasing the cut‐off for HPV positivity to higher viral loads (5.0/10.0 RLU) increased specificity (HIV+: 74.2%‐76.5%; HIV−: 89.5%‐91.2%), with modest sensitivity reductions (HIV+: 91.3%‐95.7%; HIV−: 83.5%‐87.8%). Limiting test positivity to HPV types 16/18/31/33/35/45/52/58 improved specificity while maintaining high sensitivity (HIV+: 90.2%; HIV−: 81.1%). Triage with VIA and/or partial genotyping for HPV16/18 or HPV16/18/45 had low sensitivities (≤65%). In conclusion, HPV testing alone, or HPV testing with extended genotyping or increased viral load cut‐offs, may improve cervical cancer screening in Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Out of the cycle: Impact of cell cycle aberrations on cancer metabolism and metastasis
Authors: Cheung Alvin Ho‐Kwan , Hui Chris Ho‐Lam , Wong Kit Yee , Liu Xiaoli , Chen Bonan , Kang Wei , To Ka Fai
Published: September 2022

The use of cell cycle inhibitors has necessitated a better understanding of the cell cycle in tumor biology to optimize the therapeutic approach. Cell cycle aberrations are common in cancers, and it is increasingly acknowledged that these aberrations exert oncogenic effects beyond the cell cycle. Multiple facets such as cancer metabolism, immunity and metastasis are also affected, all of which are beyond the effect of cell proliferation alone. This review comprehensively summarized the important recent findings and advances in these interrelated processes. In cancer metabolism, cell cycle regulators can modulate various pathways in aerobic glycolysis, glucose uptake and gluconeogenesis, mainly through transcriptional regulation and kinase activities. Amino acid metabolism is also regulated through cell cycle progression. On cancer metastasis, metabolic plasticity, immune evasion, tumor microenvironment adaptation and metastatic site colonization are intricately related to the cell cycle, with distinct regulatory mechanisms at each step of invasion and dissemination. Throughout the synthesis of current understanding, knowledge gaps and limitations in the literature are also highlighted, as are new therapeutic approaches such as combinational therapy and challenges in tackling emerging targeted therapy resistance. A greater understanding of how the cell cycle modulates diverse aspects of cancer biology can hopefully shed light on identifying new molecular targets by harnessing the vast potential of the cell cycle.
Cationic Complexes with Au→Ge Bonds – Synthesis and Carbophilic Reactivity
Authors: Karimi Mohammadjavad , Litle Elishua , Gabbaï† François P.
Published: September 2022

As part of our efforts to interface late transition metals with Lewis acidic main group fragments, we have decided to investigate gold complexes bearing halogermanes as Z‐type ligands. Toward this end, we have synthesized complexes of general formula [(o‐(Ph2P)C6H4)2(Ph)(X)GeAuCl] (X = F, Cl). Experimental and computational analyses indicate the presence of an Au→Ge interaction in both cases. Chloride abstraction reactions have also been investigated. In the case of X = Cl, double chloride abstraction with AgSbF6 affords a putative dication that gradually abstracts fluoride from its counterion. This putative dication is also significantly more active as a catalyst than its monocationic analog in alkyne hydroamination reactions.