bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gegenwärtige Aspekte des Liebeswahns
Authors: Hoffmann Knut , Juckel Georg
Published: December 2021

Beim Liebeswahn handelt es sich um ein besonderes Phänomen unter den psychiatrischen Symptombildungen. Historisch zunächst als eigene Entität beschrieben, ist dies heutzutage nicht mehr zu halten. Liebeswahn kann in verschiedensten Kontexten auftreten und – nimmt man die Definition genau – sich sogar im Alltag wie im Verliebtsein manifestieren. In den letzten Jahrzehnten steht in diesem Zusammenhang immer mehr das Phänomen des Stalkings im Mittelpunkt. Es wird ein Überblick über die Entwicklung dieser Begrifflichkeit sowie die Übergänge zum Normalen gegeben.
Alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen
Authors: Engel Jannis , Krüger Tillmann
Published: December 2021

Nach jahrzehnteübergreifender Diskussion über die nosologische Einordnung unkontrollierbaren exzessiven Sexualverhaltens, ist die Einführung der Diagnose des zwanghaften Sexualverhaltens für die kommende Ausgabe der International Classification of Disease (ICD-11) geplant. Auch wenn die Zuordnung zur Kategorie der Impulskontrollstörungen etwas widersprüchlich erscheint, ist nach unserem Erachten ein notwendiger Schritt erfolgt. Mit einer kommenden eigenständigen Kategorie wird es möglich sein, zwanghaftes Sexualverhalten diagnostisch zu klassifizieren, welches häufig klinisch relevantes Leid verursacht. Im vorliegenden Artikel stellen wir die Definition des zwanghaften Sexualverhaltens vor sowie Prävalenzschätzungen und zeigen eine mögliche Ätiologie auf. Weiterhin werden die Diagnostik und Grundlagen einer möglichen Psychotherapie und Pharmakotherapie vorgestellt.
Examining spread of emotional political content among Democratic and Republican candidates during the 2018 US mid-term elections
Authors: Wang Meng-Jie , Yogeeswaran Kumar , Sivaram Sivanand , Nash Kyle
Published: December 2021

Previous research investigating the transmission of political messaging has primarily taken a valence-based approach leaving it unclear how specific emotions influence the spread of candidates’ messages, particularly in a social media context. Moreover, such work does not examine if any differences exist across major political parties (i.e., Democrats vs. Republicans) in their responses to each type of emotional content. Leveraging more than 7000 original messages published by Senate candidates on Twitter leading up to the 2018 US mid-term elections, the present study utilizes an advanced natural language tool (i.e., IBM Tone Analyzer) to examine how candidates’ multidimensional discrete emotions (i.e., joy, anger, fear, sadness, and confidence) displayed in a given tweet—might be more likely to garner the public’s attention online. While the results indicate that positive joy-signaling tweets are less likely to be retweeted or favorited on both sides of the political spectrum, the presence of anger- and fear-signaling tweets were significantly associated with increased diffusion among Republican and Democrat networks, respectively. Neither expressions of confidence nor sadness had an impact on retweet or favorite counts. Given the ubiquity of social media in contemporary politics, here we provide a starting point from which to disentangle the role of specific emotions in the proliferation of political messages, shedding light on the ways in which political candidates gain potential exposure throughout the election cycle.
Correlation of publication frequency of newspaper articles with environment and public health issues in fire-prone peatland regions of Riau in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Ohashi Masafumi , Kameda Akihiro , Kozan Osamu , Kawasaki Masahiro , Iriana Windy , Tonokura Kenichi , Naito Daisuke , Ueda Kayo
Published: December 2021

Forest fires in peatlands emit pollutants to the atmosphere, affecting public health. Though air quality data and epidemiology information are helpful in the management of the environment and public health, they are not always available. We aimed to reveal the utility of newspaper articles for estimating the public health concerns posed by air pollution. Using the database of a local newspaper, Riau Pos, in Riau Province of Sumatra, Indonesia, we have studied spatiotemporal correlations between publication frequency of newspaper articles mentioning search terms relevant to health issues and Fire Radiation Power (FRP) of peatland fires. FRP from one of the NASA satellite databases has been used as an index of air pollution caused by peatland fires. Visibility data for airport operation were also used as an index of particulate matter concentrations. The study regions are primarily the fire-prone Riau Province and nearby areas in the central area of Sumatra, Indonesia, from 2009 to 2018. Newspaper articles related to public health are found to be associated with FRP and visibility, or regional air pollution.
Marrying ring-shaped structures from laser plasma interactions to their formation mechanism
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: December 2021

When a high-power short-pulse laser in low-density plasma defocuses, potentially harmful electromagnetic and electron beam rings arise.
Collisionless plasmas can achieve kinetic equilibrium in the presence of temperature gradients
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: December 2021

Agreeing with data from NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, resarchers solve the Vlasov-Maxwell system of equations of thermodynamics to find new equilibrium state.
A 200 kJ electrical gun for hypervelocity launch
Authors: Luo Binqiang , Mo Jianjun , Xu Chao , Chen Xuemiao , Shui Rongjie
Published: December 2021

In order to meet the requirements of hypervelocity launch in the context of defending against space debris and deflecting asteroids, an electrical gun with 200 kJ of storage energy was recently built. The electrical gun is composed of 16 gas spark switch-capacitor modules, and pulse current is transmitted by parallel aluminum plates that are insulated by polyester foils. The capacitance, inductance, and resistance of the RLC circuit of the 200 kJ electrical gun are 80 µF, 10.3 nH, and 2.6 mΩ, respectively. It can generate pulse current with a rise time of 1.33 µs and an amplitude of 5.2 MA when short-circuited at a charging voltage of 70 kV. Hypervelocity flyer launch experiments were carried out on the 200 kJ electrical gun, in which a ϕ20 × 0.5 mm2 Mylar flyer (0.22 g) was accelerated to 10 km/s.
Tristability in mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening
Authors: Qi Hong , Li Zhi-Chao , Wang Shi-Miao , Wu Lin , Xu Fei , Liu Zhi-Long , Li Xiang , Wang Jia-Zeng
Published: December 2021

Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), a key regulator of cell life and death processes, is triggered by calcium ions (Ca2+) and potentiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although the two modes of PTP opening, i.e., transient and persistent, have been identified for a long time, its dynamical mechanism is still not fully understood. To test a proposed hypothesis that PTP opening acts as a tristable switch, which is characterized by low, medium, and high open probability, we develop a three-variable model that focused on PTP opening caused by Ca2+ and ROS. For the system reduced to two differential equations for Ca2+ and ROS, both the stability analysis and the potential landscape feature that it exhibits tristability under standard parameters. For the full system, the bifurcation analysis suggests that it can achieve tristability over a wide range of input parameters. Furthermore, parameter sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the existence of tristability is a robust property. In addition, we show how the deterministic tristable property can be understood within a stochastic framework, which also explains the PTP dynamics at the level of a single channel. Overall, this study may yield valuable insights into the intricate regulatory mechanism of PTP opening.
A new moving mass control method for fluid structure interaction problems
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Shuyue , Zhang Hao , Sun Gang
Published: December 2021

Moving mass control (MMC) is a deformation control method in problems involving fluid–solid interaction (FSI). However, there is a lack of governing equations' deduction and control methods in the current MMC literature of nonlinear FSI systems. In this research, the flow-induced vibration of a flexible beam attached to a rigid cylinder in a downstream flow is studied. The interaction between solid and concentrated mass is derived based on Hamilton's principle with consideration of the nonlinearity of the problem. With gravity introduced, a new MMC control law of concentrated mass location is proposed where the target point is searched by maximizing the negative work of the moving mass. Then, the concentrated mass is forced to chase the target point by proportion differentiation control law. Meanwhile, the moving concentrated mass is restricted by a velocity limiter. The structural vibration amplitude turns out to be suppressed by 83.5% via the new MMC method. A similar suppression is also found in fluid oscillation. A mode analysis shows that the flow structure that contributes to the beam vibration is weakened. According to comparative analysis, the velocity limit turns out to be important in chasing up the target point while reducing the negative influence of dynamic terms. Furthermore, the performance of MMC in a time-varying flow is then investigated, where high adaptiveness in different inlet flows can also be seen in the proposed approach.
What is the future of electrical impedance spectroscopy in flow cytometry?
Authors: Gökçe Furkan , Ravaynia Paolo S. , Modena Mario M. , Hierlemann Andreas
Published: December 2021

More than 20 years ago, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was proposed as a potential characterization method for flow cytometry. As the setup is comparably simple and the method is label-free, EIS has attracted considerable interest from the research community as a potential alternative to standard optical methods, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). However, until today, FACS remains by and large the laboratory standard with highly developed capabilities and broad use in research and clinical settings. Nevertheless, can EIS still provide a complement or alternative to FACS in specific applications? In this Perspective, we will give an overview of the current state of the art of EIS in terms of technologies and capabilities. We will then describe recent advances in EIS-based flow cytometry, compare the performance to that of FACS methods, and discuss potential prospects of EIS in flow cytometry.
Linking function to global and local dynamics in an elevator-type transporter
Authors: Ciftci Didar , Martens Chloe , Ghani Vishnu G. , Blanchard Scott C. , Politis Argyris , Huysmans Gerard H. M. , Boudker Olga
Published: December 2021

Significance

Structural snapshots of membrane transporters show that they cycle through several conformational states to bring substrates across the membrane. The rates of these molecular motions determine the activity of the transporters. In this work, we directly compare real-time single-molecule measurements of conformational changes and substrate transport rates in the model glutamate transporter homologue, GltPh. We couple these experiments with hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry measurements of local protein flexibility to directly link local and global conformational dynamics with function.
The forms and meanings of grammatical markers support efficient communication
Authors: Mollica Francis , Bacon Geoff , Zaslavsky Noga , Xu Yang , Regier Terry , Kemp Charles
Published: December 2021

Significance

Grammatical marking of features such as number, tense, and evidentiality varies widely across languages. Despite this variation, we show that grammatical markers support efficient information transfer from speakers to listeners. We apply a formal model of communication to data from dozens of languages and find that grammatical marking achieves a near-optimal balance between maximizing informativeness and minimizing code lengths. Our approach shows how general information-theoretic principles can capture variation in both form and meaning across languages.
Predicting patient response with models trained on cell lines and patient-derived xenografts by nonlinear transfer learning
Authors: Mourragui Soufiane M. C. , Loog Marco , Vis Daniel J. , Moore Kat , Manjon Anna G. , van de Wiel Mark A. , Reinders Marcel J. T. , Wessels Lodewyk F. A.
Published: December 2021

Significance

Cell lines have been extensively used to study anticancer agents, thereby establishing vast molecular and drug response datasets. Unfortunately, the translation of cell line–derived biomarkers often fails. To bridge this gap between model systems and clinical practice, we developed a mathematical framework to capture gene expression patterns shared between model systems and human tumors in a consensus space. In this space, we trained drug response predictors on a panel of 1,000 cell lines and successfully predicted drug response on approximately 1,300 human tumors. Finally, we derived an approach to interpret the predictors, and we propose potential mechanisms mediating the cytotoxic effects of two drugs. Experimental validation is required to confirm these results.
Persistent deep water anoxia in the eastern South Atlantic during the last ice age
Authors: Riedinger Natascha , Scholz Florian , Abshire Michelle L. , Zabel Matthias
Published: December 2021

Significance

Climate variations are closely related to changes in ocean circulation, and this has important implications for the availability of oxygen in deep waters and the ocean’s CO2sequestration capacity. Potentially anoxic conditions have previously been inferred for the deep waters of the Southern Ocean and the Pacific, and low oxygen has been proposed for the North Atlantic deep waters during glacial cycles. Here, we provide clear evidence that fully anoxic conditions occurred in the deep waters of the eastern South Atlantic during the last glacial interval. This is an important finding implying that the Atlantic Ocean circulation was more sluggish during the advanced stage of the last ice age than previously assumed.
How immunity from and interaction with seasonal coronaviruses can shape SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology
Authors: Waterlow Naomi R. , van Leeuwen Edwin , Davies Nicholas G. ,   CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Flasche Stefan , Eggo Rosalind M.
Published: December 2021

Significance

Cross-protection from seasonal epidemics of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) has been hypothesized to contribute to the relative sparing of children during the early phase of the pandemic. Testing this relies on understanding the prepandemic age distribution of recent HCoV infections, but little is known about their dynamics. Using England and Wales as a case study, we use a transmission model to estimate the duration of immunity to seasonal coronaviruses, and show how cross-protection could have affected the age distribution of susceptibility during the first wave, and could alter SARS-CoV-2 transmission patterns over the coming decade.
TNF plays a crucial role in inflammation by signaling via T cell TNFR2
Authors: Alam Muhammad S. , Otsuka Shizuka , Wong Nathan , Abbasi Aamna , Gaida Matthias M. , Fan Yu , Meerzaman Daoud , Ashwell Jonathan D.
Published: December 2021

Significance

Inflammatory diseases are mediated by products such as TNF and IL-17 produced by T helper (Th) cell subsets. Here, we identify a direct role for TNF in the production of pathogenic T cells, particularly cells that produce IL-17 (Th17) and interferon-γ (Th1). We found that TNF shapes the inflammatory response by signaling via its relatively unstudied “minor” receptor, TNFR2, skewing T cells to become inflammatory Th17 cells and enhancing inflammatory cytokine production by Th1 cells. Preventing TNFR2 signaling resulted in reduced disease in mouse models of multiple sclerosis and colitis. This work integrates the importance of TNF with Th17/Th1 cell pathogenicity and may explain the paradox that IL-17–dependent diseases, such as psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis, respond to anti-TNF monotherapy.
ATP disrupts lipid-binding equilibrium to drive retrograde transport critical for bacterial outer membrane asymmetry
Authors: Low Wen-Yi , Thong Shuhua , Chng Shu-Sin
Published: December 2021

Significance

Biological membranes define cellular boundaries, allow compartmentalization, and represent a prerequisite for life. In gram-negative bacteria, the outer membrane (OM) prevents entry of toxic substances, conferring intrinsic resistance against many antibiotics. This barrier function requires unequal distribution of lipids across the OM bilayer, yet how such lipid asymmetry is maintained is not well understood. In this study, we established the directionality of lipid transport for a conserved membrane protein complex and uncovered mechanistic insights into how ATP powers such transport from the OM to the inner membrane. Our work provides fundamental understanding of lipid trafficking within the gram-negative double-membrane envelope in the context of OM lipid asymmetry and highlights the importance of targeting lipid transport processes for future antibiotics development.
Topological edge states and transport properties in zigzag stanene nanoribbons with magnetism
Authors: Lü Xiao-Long , Xie Hang
Published: December 2021

In this work, we investigate the topological phase transitions and corresponding transport properties in zigzag stanene nanoribbon with different magnetism. The results show that the off-resonant circularly polarized (ORCP) light may induce anisotropic chiral edge state with a magnetic phase transition from antiferromagnetic state to nonmagnetic state. In combination with the ORCP light and electric field, the 100% spin-polarized edge state can be induced with some magnetic orders. The finite-size effect is also an important factor for the magnetic phase transitions, which in turn induces topological phase transitions from the band insulator to topological phases. By constructing the topological-insulator junctions with some topological edge states, we further study the Fabry–Perot resonant, where multiple reflection edge states cause strong current loops. By modulating the ORCP and electric field, the system can also be regarded as a switcher, to control the charge current or spin polarized current. These findings pave a way for designing topological device with magnetic edges in the future nano spintronics.
f(R) dual theories of quintessence: expansion-collapse duality
Authors: Mukherjee Dipayan , Jassal H.K. , Lochan Kinjalk
Published: December 2021

The accelerated expansion of the universe demands presence of an exotic matter, namely the
dark energy. Though the cosmological constant fits this role very well, a scalar field minimally
coupled to gravity, or quintessence, can also be considered as a viable alternative for the
cosmological constant. We study f(R) gravity models which can lead to an effective description
of dark energy implemented by quintessence fields in Einstein gravity, using the Einstein
frame-Jordan frame duality. For a family of viable quintessence models, the reconstruction of
the f(R) function in the Jordan frame consists of two parts. We first obtain a perturbative
solution of f(R) in the Jordan frame, applicable near the present epoch. Second, we obtain an
asymptotic solution for f(R), consistent with the late time limit of the Einstein frame if the
quintessence field drives the universe. We show that for certain class of viable quintessence
models, the Jordan frame universe grows to a maximum finite size, after which it begins to
collapse back. Thus, there is a possibility that in the late time limit where the Einstein frame
universe continues to expand, the Jordan frame universe collapses. The condition for this
expansion-collapse duality is then generalized to time varying equations of state models, taking
into account the presence of non-relativistic matter or any other component in the Einstein frame
universe. This mapping between an expanding geometry and a collapsing geometry at the field
equation level may have interesting potential implications on the growth of perturbations therein
at late times.
Space-borne atom interferometric gravitational wave detections.
Part I. The forecast of bright sirens
on cosmology
Authors: Cai Rong-Gen , Yang Tao
Published: December 2021

Atom interferometers (AIs) as gravitational-wave (GW) detectors have been proposed a decade ago. Both ground and space-based projects will be in construction and preparation in the near future. In this paper, for the first time, we investigate the potential of the space-borne AIs on detecting GW standard sirens and hence the applications on cosmology. We consider AEDGE as our fiducial AI GW detector and estimate the number of bright sirens that would be obtained within a 5-years data-taking period of GW and with the follow-up observation of electromagnetic (EM) counterparts. We then construct the mock catalogue of bright sirens and predict their ability on constraining cosmological parameters such as the Hubble constant, dynamics of dark energy, and modified gravity theory. Our preliminary results show around order 𝒪 (30) bright sirens can be obtained from a 5-years operation time of AEDGE and the follow-up observation of EM counterparts. The bright sirens alone can measure H
0 with a precision 2.1%, which is sufficient to arbitrate the Hubble tension. Combining current most precise electromagnetic experiments, the inclusion of AEDGE bright sirens can improve the measurement of the equation of state of dark energy, though marginally. Moreover, by modifying GW propagation on cosmological scales, the deviations from general relativity (modified gravity theory effects) can be constrained at 5.7% precision level.
Dynamical evolution and decay of multi-charged quantum vortex in a Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Telles G D , Tavares P E S , Fritsch A R , Cidrim A , Bagnato V S
Published: December 2021

We report the observation of the twisted decay of quadruply charged vortices taking place in an atomic Bose–Einstein condensate. Supporting numerical simulations show that the singly-charged vortices, which result from the decay of a multi-charged vortex, twist around intertwined in the shape of helical Kelvin waves.
Chapter 2 Galactic Gamma-ray Sources *
Authors: Chen Yang , Bi Xiao-Jun , Fang Kun , Guo Yi-Qing , Liu Ye , Tam P. H. Thomas , Vernetto S. , Wang Zhong-Xiang , Yang Rui-Zhi , Zhang Xiao
Published: December 2021

In the γ-ray sky, the highest fluxes come from Galactic sources: supernova remnants (SNRs), pulsars and pulsar wind nebulae, star forming regions, binaries and micro-quasars, giant molecular clouds, Galactic center, and the large extended area around the Galactic plane. The radiation mechanisms of γ-ray emission and the physics of the emitting particles, such as the origin, acceleration, and propagation, are of very high astrophysical significance. A variety of theoretical models have been suggested for the relevant physics, and emission with energies E≥1014 eV are expected to be crucial in testing them. In particular, this energy band is a direct window to test at which maximum energy a particle can be accelerated in the Galactic sources and whether the most probable source candidates such as Galactic center and SNRs are “PeVatrons”. Designed aiming at the very high energy (VHE, >100 GeV) observation, LHAASO will be a very powerful instrument in these astrophysical studies. Over the past decade, great advances have been made in the VHE γ-ray astronomy. More than 170 VHE γ-ray sources have been observed, and among them, 42 Galactic sources fall in the LHAASO field-of-view. With a sensitivity of 10 milli-Crab, LHAASO can not only provide accurate spectra for the known γ-ray sources, but also search for new TeV-PeV γ-ray sources. In the following sub-sections, the observation of all the Galactic sources with LHAASO will be discussed in details.
Chapter 7 Solar and Heliospheric Physics and Interdisciplinary Research with LHAASO *
Authors: Jia Huan-Yu , Feng Li , Ruffolo D. , Stenkin Yu. V. , Zhou Xun-Xiu
Published: December 2021

In the following sub-sections, studies of solar-heliospheric effects on cosmic rays, investigating a possible link between cosmic ray flux and Earth’s climate, and detection of MeV-rangeγ-rays from thunderstorms with the data from LHAASO will be discussed; geophysical research with environmental neutrons will be introduced, and some Monte Carlo simulation results about effects of thunderstorm electric fields on LHAASO observations of cosmic rays will be given.
Synthesis of gold nanoparticles by the spark discharge method for visible plasmonics
Authors: Borisov V I , Lizunova A A , Malo D , Kameneva E I , Ramanenka A A , Ivanov V V
Published: December 2021

This work demonstrates synthesis of metal Au nanoparticles with a plasmon resonance in the visible optical region by the spark discharge method in atmosphere of argon of purity 6.0. With raising of sintering temperature from 25 to 950 °C, the morphology of synthesized Au nanoparticles changed from agglomerates to individual particles with decreasing the median size from 270 to 90 nm according to aerosol spectrometer. While by transmission electron microscopy primary nanoparticles with a gold crystalline structure with sizes in range from 5 to 120 nm were observed. Synthesized nanoparticles ensembles had broad absorption peaks with maximum in the visible optical region with peak positions approximately at 490 nm. High temperature sintered particles had a spherical shape and an additional absorption peak at approximately 640 nm.
Morphology transformation of InGaN nanowires grown on Si substrate by PA-MBE
Authors: Gridchin V O , Dragunova A S , Kotlyar K P , Reznik R R , Komarov S D , Kryzhanovskaya N V , Soshnikov I P , Samsonenko Yu B , Cirlin G E
Published: December 2021

The influence of the growth time on the structural properties of InGaN nanowires grown on Si substrate by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy are studied. Under appropriate other growth conditions, the growth for 2h leads to the formation of separated nanowires, whereas the growth for 2h 30min and 3h leads to the formation of nanostructures such as nano-umbrellas. The separated NWs exhibit a photoluminescence spectrum with maxima at about 590 nm, whereas the nano-umbrellas show two pronounced photoluminescence lines at 421 and 619 nm.
Research and calculation of dynamic characteristics of a microelectromechanical device
Authors: Lysenko I E , Kidyaev N F , Ezhova O A , Sevostyanov D Y
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a model of a three-axis micromechanical gyroscope-accelerometer. The stiffness of the suspension of a micromechanical gyroscope-accelerometer is calculated and the dependence of the change in the frequency of vibration of the micromechanical mass on the change in the thickness of the beams of the cruciform suspension element is obtained.
Vibrational dynamics in 2D crystal lattices of borophene
Authors: Kuimov I M , Raikov I O , Parshin D A
Published: December 2021

Vibration dynamics of crystalline borophene is considered in the framework of the Born–von Karman model. The vibrations perpendicular to the plane of 2D borophen lattice (flexural modes) are studied.
Transmission spectra of transparent electrodes based on oriented platinum nanowires at various concentrations of the metal used
Authors: Nizameeva G R , Nizameev I R , Kadirov M K
Published: December 2021

The paper investigates the optical transparency dependence of a coating based on an oriented network of platinum nanowires on the amount of metal used. Oriented platinum nanowires on a glass surface are produced by chemical deposition from an aqueous hexachloroplatinic acid solution. The topography of the deposited metal layer on glass is visualized using atomic force microscopy. Optical transparency was investigated with a spectrophotometer. In almost the entire region of optical radiation, the transparency is approximately 98%. The absorption spectrum shows that the absorption coefficient increases sharply in the near UV region.
Modelling electroforming process under constant bias voltage conditions
Authors: Permyakova O O , Rogozhin A E
Published: December 2021

In order to understand changes in defect concentration during the electroforming process, we modelled the electroforming process in Ta/HfO2/Pt under constant bias voltage. For this purpose, kinetic Monte-Carlo and finite element methods were utilized. Vacancy profiles were obtained for forming voltages from 3 V to 5 V; modelling of lower stresses is time-consuming. It was found that with decreasing voltage, vacancies begin to accumulate near the inert electrode. When the voltage was dropped from 5 to 3 V, the thickness of such a layer increased by 1 nm, and electroforming time exponentially increase.
Plasma surface treatment of local modify silicon plates
Authors: Rezvan A A , Morozova J V , Klimin V S
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a study of the use of silicon Si for element base manufacture of micro- and nanoelectronics by using combined methods of focused ion beams and atomic layer plasma chemical etching. This technology makes it possible to modify surface of Si substrates in the required topology and geometry, followed by removal of atoms to obtain nanoscale elements. The influence of parameters of method of focused ion beams and plasma chemical etching on parameters of the formed structures is analyzed. So, for example, for formation of structures with maximum roughness, it is necessary to increase values of parameters responsible for reactive ion etching, these are such parameters as: the power of capacitive plasma source, the mixing voltage, and the flow rate of an inert gas (argon).
Effects of plasma treatment parameters on the adsorption properties of tin dioxide-based nanomaterials
Authors: Sigaev A P , Averin I A , Karmanov A A , Pronin I A , Yakushova N D
Published: December 2021

We have studied the effect of nitrogen plasma exposure on the adsorption properties of SnO2-based nanomaterials synthesized by the sol-gel method. We have established the correlation between the adsorption properties and plasma treatment parameters. The scanning electron microscopy has confirmed integrity violation of the original structure of nanomaterials and an increase in their specific surface area with high-power plasma source.
Features of modulation of high-power laser radiation for optical space control systems
Authors: Rodin S A , Reznikov B K , Davydov V V , Rud V Yu
Published: December 2021

In this work we justify the necessity of using shutter-type modulators to create laser radiation with the required parameters in fiber-optic systems.This is necessary to detect the fact of making changes in the optical system (unauthorized connection with the restoration of the function of communication channels). We have developed a shutter-type optical radiation modulator design. This modulator design has no fundamental limitations on the power of laser radiation, which is used to solve various problems. The investigation results of different work regime to the modulator are presented.
Characterization of focusing grating couplers for telecom wavelengths in the first and second diffraction order
Authors: Elmanova A , Elmanov I , An P , Kovalyuk V , Kuzin A , Golikov A , Goltsman G
Published: December 2021

In this work we studied how focusing grating couplers, developed for telecommunication C-band wavelength range, can be applied in the near infrared range. In the paper we presented prospects of usage of both first and second diffraction maxima of theoretically computed diffraction grating couplers for photonic aims. The dependence of the central wavelength of the grating on the etching depth of the photonic layer, on the period and filling factor of the grating was studied. We have compared our experimental results with numerical study, performed using finite elements method of solving differential equations. The work is important for different photonic applications and introduces new prospects in application of the already fabricated devices, developed for telecommunication wavelengths.
Study of characteristics of n-p-n type bipolar power transistor in small-sized metalpolymeric package type SOT-89
Authors: Knyaginin D A , Kulchenkov E A , Rybalka S B , Demidov A A
Published: December 2021

In this study the input, output and current gain characteristics of silicon n-p-n type medium power bipolar junction transistors KT242A91 made by the "GRUPPA KREMNY EL" in modern small-sized metalpolymeric package type (SOT-89) have been obtained. The SPICE model that allows simulating realistic transistor behaviour of n-p-n type transistor KT242A91 has been proposed. It is shown that established experimental characteristics for KT242A91 transistor correspond to similar transistor’s type characteristics.
GaN power IC normally-on and normally-off transistors technology and simulation
Authors: Egorkin V I , Bespalov V A , Kukhtyaeva O B , Zemlyakov V E , Kapaev V V , Zaitsev A A
Published: December 2021

GaN technology has been waiting to be widely adopted because of its specific technical requirements. Integration of transistor and driver in a single die will enable to overcome problems with gate driving, high cost of circuit and low device reliability. This paper demonstrates technology of GaN-on-Si normally-on and normally-off transistor with different p-GaN cap-layer thickness as well as simulation of these devices. The simulation data confirm experimental results. P-GaN cap-layer thickness affects the current channel density: the more p-GaN thickness, the less channel density. The fabricated transistors have a maximum drain current in open state of about 800 mA/mm.
Modified quantum frequency standard on Hg-199 ions
Authors: Lukashev N A , Davydov V V , Rud V Y
Published: December 2021

The world around us depends on devices capable of producing or maintaining a signal with an extreme precision. Quantum frequency standards are the answer to this problem. This article presents a modified version of newly developed quantum frequency standard based on trapping Hg-199 ions by magnetic field. The new prototype was developed a while ago and now it was modified due to algorithm improvements and renewed digital hardware, analog and digital circuitry being reordered. Results for Allan deviation show 3 % improvement for long-term frequency stability and more than 5 % for short-term stability
Towards multipixel THz Schottky diode detector with a single RF output line
Authors: Prikhodko A , Belikov I , Mikhailov D , Shurakov A , Goltsman G
Published: December 2021

We propose the design of a dual-pixel array of Schottky diodes. Each diode is fixed between the bow-tie antenna arms on top of a SI-GaAs membrane acting as a waveguide backshort for efficient coupling of the antenna to the feedline of high-directivity horn. The detector utilizes a single RF output line: microwave reflectometer is used for the readout. The pixels are equipped with dual-mode resonator filters to eliminate the cross-talk. We evaluate the design proposed via numerical simulation and performance tests of the array subunits: NEP of 300 pW/Hz0.5 and dynamic range of 24 dB are demonstrated at 137.5 GHz.
A seesaw-type MEMS switch with enhanced contact force: the first results
Authors: Uvarov I V , Marukhin N V
Published: December 2021

Outstanding working characteristics make microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches attractive for many applications. However, the lack of reliability prevents their commercial success. Due to the small size, MEMS switches develop low contact force compared to their macroscopic counterparts, which leads to instability and fast increase of the contact resistance. This work describes the switch providing significantly larger force than the previously reported device. The enlargement is achieved by the modified shape of the beam and electrodes with the same footprint and lower actuation voltage. Design, simulation, fabrication and first experimental results for the switch are presented.
Metrological aspects of an automated method for measuring electrophysical parameters of soft magnetic materials
Authors: Volik A V , Pecherskaya E A , Varenik Yu A , Zinchenko T O , Artamonov D V , Timohina O A
Published: December 2021

The structure of an automated system for measuring magnetic-hysteresis loops, normal magnetization curve, magnetic permeability with an error of no more than ± 1% is proposed. The measuring principle is based on the inferential measurements of the magnetic induction and the coercive force by integrating the secondary voltage and the excitation current. As a result of metrological analysis, an increase in the measurements accuracy is achieved both by improving the hardware implementation and calibrating the measuring channels, by introducing a correction for the systematic component of the error.
The SU-8 spin-coating on silicon nanowires formed by cryogenic dry etching
Authors: Baranov A I , Kudyashov D A , Morozov I A , Shugurov K Yu , Uvarov A V , Maximova A A , Vyacheslavova E A , Gudovskikh A S
Published: December 2021

Arrays of vertically aligned silicon nanowires were fabricated by cryogenic dry etching. The post-processing technology was developed to full coating of arrays of NWs by SU-8 and release the top side of SiNWs. The Schottky diodes were fabricated on arrays of SiNWs with and without SU-8 by gold evaporation. The cryogenic dry etching leads to defect formation with Ea=0.28 eV and concentration lower 5⋅1012 cm−3 in near-surface area in silicon, and no defect are detected in bulk silicon. However, oxygen plasma treatment used to release top side of SiNWs leads to increase of its concentration by two order and formation of defect with Ea=0.39 eV, σ = 1⋅10−16 cm2 and a concentration of 5⋅1014 cm−3 in a bulk of SiNWs deeper than 1 μm.
Development of visual display and data transmission system for patients with chronic disorders of consciousness
Authors: Degtiareva S A , Shiryaev D S , Andreev Y S , Polukhin I S , Kondratieva E A , Smirnova I G , Bougrov V E
Published: December 2021

The monitoring is integral part for patients with chronic disorders, as such cases require serious attention to save their life and predict recovery. Physiological signs such as heart rate, hemodynamic, temperature, saturation are collected from biomedical sensors to bedside monitors that medical staff could detect unexpected life-threatening conditions being around the patients. However, it is a tough job to being stuck at monitor for every person. Furthermore, such continuous supervision may lead to difficulties due to human error. Thus there is a need to capture, display all physiological changes visually and give a medical emergency about health conditions when they are out of the normal range. The main objective is the development of the optoelectronic system for visual monitoring and data transmission of patients in a coma by optical wireless communication.
Investigation of the dynamic parameters of electroluminescence in different parts of the spectrum in local regions of the light-emitting heterostructure
Authors: Frolov I V , Radaev O A , Sergeev V A
Published: December 2021

A method for measuring the distribution of the differential charge carriers lifetime over energy levels in the local regions of a light-emitting heterostructure is presented. The method has been tested on commercial green InGaN-based LEDs. It has been determined that with an increase in the energy level (with decreasing wavelength), the charge carriers lifetime decreases. It is shown that the relative inhomogeneity of the distribution of the charge carriers lifetimes in local regions of the die in the long-wavelength part of the electroluminescence spectrum is higher than in the short-wavelength part of the spectrum.
Processing and characterization of GaP nanowires encapsulated into a PDMS large-scale membrane for flexible optoelectronics
Authors: Mukhangali S M , Neplokh V , Kochetkov F M , Fedorov V V , Nasibulin A G , Makarov S V , Islamova R M , Mukhin I S
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the methods of fabricating arrays of semiconductor III-V nanowires transferred into a flexible polydimethylsiloxane membrane. Molecular beam epitaxy was used to synthesize GaP nanowires. The synthesized nanowire arrays were encapsulated into a silicone membrane by a heavy load swinging-bucket centrifuge. For optoelectronic applications, the nanowire/polydimethylsiloxane membranes were contacted with single-walled carbon nanotubes, peeled from the substrate, then the second carbon nanotubes contact was formed. For optical experiments, the nanowire/polydimethylsiloxane membranes were bonded to supporting polydimethylsiloxane films by oxygen plasma treatment, and then easily released from the substrate by unsticking. The obtained membranes have a high practical potential in flexible optoelectronics.
Influence of dielectric overlayers on self-heating of a microdisk laser
Authors: Scherbak S A , Moiseev E I , Melnichenko I A , Guseva Ju A , Maximov M V , Lihachev A I , Kryzhanovskaya N V , Lipovskii A A , Zhukov A E
Published: December 2021

We studied experimentally and numerically self-heating of a microdisk laser developed in the AlGaInAs material system and covered with dielectric layers. By experiments, we found that planarization of the microlaser with SU-8 photoresist significantly (almost, 2-fold) decreases the microlaser thermal resistance. Calculations demonstrate that a downward heat flux through the substrate to the heat sink is a dominant way of heat dissipation, and upward convection is much less relevant. Also, the calculations showed that covering microlaser with a TiO2 layer barely affects microdisk temperature but decreases heat localization in the structure.
Simulation optical parameters nanowire structures of various shapes.
Authors: Shishkin I A , Shishkina D A , Latukhina N V
Published: December 2021

In this study, three-dimensional fragments of nanowires structures were simulated in which the thread cross sections had a square, triangular and round shape. The theoretical data were compared with the experimental results, described in detail in [1]. The influence of the shape of the filaments on the theoretical course of the reflection curve is also shown.
Photovoltaic characteristics of structures with porous silicon obtained by various technological plans
Authors: Shishkina D A , Poluektova N A , Shishkin I A
Published: December 2021

In this work, the influence of technological parameters on the current-voltage characteristics of solar cells with porous silicon is investigated. It is shown that for photosensitive structures with a porous layer, the optimal mode is pore formation by electrochemical etching followed by diffusion. The effect of etching modes affects the character of the photosensitivity curve.
Chemical characterization of extracellular vesicles of mesenchymal stromal cells: TOF-SIMS and BCARS approach
Authors: Aybush A V , Gulin A A , Kuzoiatova A A , Gubina M V , Gostev F E , Syrchina M S , Ermakov A S , Suprunenko E A , Nadtochenko V A
Published: December 2021

Paracrine functions of mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) rely, at least partly, on membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) with rich composition of lipids, nucleic acids and signaling proteins. Elucidation the underlying chemistry could potentially lead to MSCs-free therapy. However, the secretome of MSCs (EVs’ composition) is non-static and depends on many other factors including surrounding cells and medium. Thus, the research techniques must be able to provide not only bulk but microscopy-scale data within a reasonable time frame. Two of these label-free techniques are subject of this work toward the question of chemical composition of the EVs.
Investigation of the cytotoxicity of silver nitrate and silver-cysteine nanocomplexes
Authors: Bogdanov An A , Shmakov S V , Verlov N A , Klimenko V V , Knyazev N A , Terterov I N , Bogdanov A A
Published: December 2021

Currently, a large number of studies are devoted to the investigation of the antitumor activity of silver nanoparticles and compounds, one of which is silver nitrate. However, silver nitrate has systemic and local toxic effects. In this work, a method was proposed for the synthesis of non-metallic complexes that do not contain toxic nitrate ions, and the cytotoxicity of silver nitrate and silver-amino acid nanocomplexes was investigated.
Application of an automated complex resistance and phase difference measuring method for rheographic studies of human cardiovascular system
Authors: Levin A I , Pecherskaya E A , Varenik Yu A , Antipenko V V , Artamonov D V , Timokhina O A
Published: December 2021

The structure of an automated system for measuring the complex resistance of the human body and the phase difference is proposed. It is used in the rheographic method for diagnosing human cardiovascular system diseases using a multilevel microcontroller structure. The metrological analysis of the automated system made it possible to achieve an increase in the measurement accuracy both by reducing the methodological and instrumental components of measurement errors. The relative basic measurement error does not exceed ± 0.5%.
Comparison of the effectiveness of blood transfusion and reinfusion
Authors: Pimakhina E V , Pimakhin A A , Vishnykov N V , Tolkach N M , Arsentiev S B
Published: December 2021

Studies by atomic force and scanning electron microscopy have shown that erythrocytes of foreign blood have morphological defects. The sequestration of foreign erythrocytes makes it difficult for the erythron to selfrepair. The actual solution to this problem is the application of the blood reinfusion technique using the Cell Saver apparatus. Transfusion of autoerythra suspension, harvested using the Cell Saver apparatus during the operation, stabilizes red blood counts in the early post-transfusion period in patients and reduces the manifestation of massive hemotransfusion syndrome. Hardware reinfusion of erythrocytes is effective and safe for massive blood loss in obstetrics. Reinfusion dictates the need for parallel correction of all blood parameters. Application of the principles of patient blood management can reduce the transfusion load, improve the quality of medical care.
Investigation of a single-photon hybrid emitting system based on NV-centers in nanodiamonds integrated with GaP NWs
Authors: Goltaev A S , Mozharov A M , Yaroshenko V V , Zuev D A , Mukhin I S
Published: December 2021

NV-centers can be used for quantum informatics, quantum communication and quantum sensing. The calculation of optical modes formed in a GaP cylindrical nanocavity covered by nanodiamonds has been performed. GaP nanowires have been synthesized with molecular beam epitaxy and played the role of optical resonators for light-emitting centers on the base of nanodiamonds with NV-centers. The optical characteristics of the GaP-based nanocavity were analyzed. The increase in the rate of spontaneous emission of NV-centers optically coupled to the nanocavity was estimated by the time correlated single photon counting method.
The development of an optical system for lighting various rooms with sunlight
Authors: Gureeva I M , Davydov V V , Rud V Yu
Published: December 2021

The necessity of using light in the room, the spectral composition of which corresponds to the spectrum of the sun for a comfortable state of a person, is justified. A passive system that does not consume energy is proposed. An energy-efficient natural light system has been developed, creating a comfortable environment for the eyes, well-being and mood of a person. An experimental study of the system operation was carried out. The dependence of the light intensity on the angle of incidence in the light guide is obtained.
Computation of optical waveguide interaction for quantum gates implementation
Authors: Lytaev A A , Popov I Yu
Published: December 2021

The system of two coupled optical dual-mode waveguides is considered. The coupling of the system is studied to find a circuit for building a control switch for two qubit gates. The classical coupled mode theory is applied and the exact expressions for coupling coefficients are derived. The parameters of the system for performing the desired operations are numerically computed and analysed. The system describing the influence of intermodal interactions is solved numerically. The distortions are analysed.