bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interfacial dielectric layer as an origin of polarization fatigue in ferroelectric capacitors
Authors: Do M. T. , Gauquelin N. , Nguyen M. D. , Wang J. , Verbeeck J. , Blom F. , Koster G. , Houwman E. P. , Rijnders G.
Published: April 2020

Origins of polarization fatigue in ferroelectric capacitors under electric field cycling still remain unclear. Here, we experimentally identify origins of polarization fatigue in ferroelectric PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3(PZT) thin-film capacitors by investigating their fatigue behaviours and interface structures. The PZT layers are epitaxially grown on SrRuO3-buffered SrTiO3substrates by a pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and the capacitor top-electrodes are various, including SrRuO3(SRO) made byin-situPLD, Pt byin-situPLD (Pt-inPLD) andex-situsputtering (Pt-sputtered). We found that fatigue behaviour of the capacitor is directly related to the top-electrode/PZT interface structure. The Pt-sputtered/PZT/SRO capacitor has a thin defective layer at the top interface and shows early fatigue while the Pt-inPLD/PZT/SRO and SRO/PZT/SRO capacitor have clean top-interfaces and show much more fatigue resistance. The defective dielectric layer at the Pt-sputtered/PZT interface mainly contains carbon contaminants, which form during the capacitorex-situfabrication. Removal of this dielectric layer significantly delays the fatigue onset. Our results clearly indicate that dielectric layer at ferroelectric capacitor interfaces is the main origin of polarization fatigue, as previously proposed in the charge injection model.
Numerical investigation of the sternoclavicular joint modeling technique for improving the surgical treatment of pectus excavatum
Authors: Lim Beop-Yong , Kim Youngwoong , I Hoseok , Lee Chi-Seung
Published: April 2020

It is now common to perform the Nuss procedure as a surgical treatment for pectus excavatum. As several types of detailed surgical methods exist as part of the Nuss procedure, studies are currently being conducted to verify their relative superiority via computerized biomechanical methods. However, no studies have considered the influence of sternoclavicular joints on the simulations of the Nuss procedure. Accordingly, this study aims to demonstrate the influence of these joints by comparing the clinical data with the finite element analysis data. Scenarios were set by classifying the movement of the joints based on the constraints of translation and rotation in the coordinate plane. The analyses were performed by applying the set scenarios to the constructed finite element model of a chest wall. The sternal displacement, Haller index, and equivalent stress were obtained from the analysis, and the data were compared with the data of the postoperative patient. When the translation of the anterior direction on the chest wall was constrained, the result obtained thereof was found to be similar to those obtained in the actual surgery. It is suggested that more accurate results can be obtained if the influence of the sternoclavicular joints is considered.
Author Correction: The Phytophthora cactorum genome provides insights into the adaptation to host defense compounds and fungicides
Authors: Yang Min , Duan Shengchang , Mei Xinyue , Huang Huichuan , Chen Wei , Liu Yixiang , Guo Cunwu , Yang Ting , Wei Wei , Liu Xili , He Xiahong , Dong Yang , Zhu Shusheng
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Vegetation dynamics in Alpine glacier forelands tackled from space
Authors: Fischer Andrea , Fickert Thomas , Schwaizer Gabriele , Patzelt Gernot , Groß Günther
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Tailoring phonon modes of few-layered MoS2 by in-plane electric field
Authors: Mitra Sreemanta , Srivastava Divya , Singha Shib Shankar , Dutta Saurav , Satpati Biswarup , Karppinen Maarit , Ghosh Arindam , Singha Achintya
Published: April 2020

We discuss the effect of the in-plane electric field on the Raman spectroscopy for few-layered MoS2. The characteristic Raman modes of MoS2 show gradual red shift, while the intensity increases by 45–50% as the electric field is increased, showing a large electro-optical effect. Structural analysis suggests that our few-layered MoS2 belongs to P6/m2 space group with broken inversion symmetry. We attribute this gradual red shift to this broken symmetry-driven piezoelectricity in MoS2, which generates tensile strain along the perpendicular direction when the electric field is applied. The enhancement of the effect upon reversing the electric field direction adds credence to our interpretation. Our first principal density-functional theory calculation further substantiates the claim. This optical probing of the electromechanical coupling may lead to applications as a nonextensive technique for electric field/strain sensors in the nanoelectronics devices.
Sweat monitoring beneath garments using passive, wireless resonant sensors interfaced with laser-ablated microfluidics
Authors: Carr Adam R. , Patel Yash H. , Neff Charles R. , Charkhabi Sadaf , Kallmyer Nathaniel E. , Angus Hector F. , Reuel Nigel F.
Published: April 2020

Sweat loss can help determine hydration status of individuals working in harsh conditions, which is especially relevant to those who wear thick personal protective equipment (PPE) such as firefighters. A wireless, passive, conformable sweat sensor sticker is described here that can be worn under and interrogated through thick clothing to simultaneously measure sweat loss volume and conductivity. The sticker consists of a laser-ablated, microfluidic channel and a resonant sensor transducer. The resonant sensor is wirelessly read with a handheld vector network analyzer coupled to two, co-planar, interrogation antennas that measure the transmission loss. A sweat proxy is used to fill the channels and it is determined that the sensor can orthogonally determine the sweat conductivity and volume filled in the channel via peak transmission loss magnitude and frequency respectively. A four-person study is then used to determine level of sensor variance caused by local tissue dielectric heterogeneity and sensor-reader orientation.
NMR analysis of nucleotide π-stacking in prebiotically relevant crowded environment
Authors: Bapat Niraja V. , Paithankar Harshad , Chugh Jeetender , Rajamani Sudha
Published: April 2020

The prebiotic soup of a putative ‘RNA World’ would have been replete with a plethora of molecules resulting from complex chemical syntheses and exogeneous delivery. The presence of background molecules could lead to molecular crowding, potentially affecting the course of the reactions facilitated therein. Using NMR spectroscopy, we have analyzed the effect of crowding on the stacking ability of RNA monomers. Our findings corroborate that the purines stack more efficiently than the pyrimidine ribonucleotides. This competence is further enhanced in the presence of a crowding agent. This enhanced stacking could result in greater sequestration of the purine monomers, putting their ready availability for relevant nonenzymatic reactions into question. Thus, this study demonstrates the need for systematic characterization of molecular crowding in the context of prebiotically pertinent processes. Unraveling such phenomena is essential for our understanding of the transition from abiotic to biotic, during the origin of life.
Light soaking in metal halide perovskites studied via steady-state microwave conductivity
Authors: Watts C Lowell , Aspitarte Lee , Lin Yen-Hung , Li Wen , Elzein Radwan , Addou Rafik , Hong Min Ji , Herman Gregory S. , Snaith Henry J. , Labram John G.
Published: April 2020

The light-soaking effect is the observation that under constant illumination the measured power conversion efficiency of certain solar cells changes as a function of time. The theory of the light-soaking in metal halide perovskites is at present incomplete. In this report, we employ steady-state microwave conductivity, a contactless probe of electronic properties of semiconductors, to study the light-soaking effect in metal halide perovskites. By illuminating isolated thin films of two mixed-cation perovskites with AM1.5 solar illumination, we observe a continual increase in photoconductance over a period of many (>12) hours. We can fit the experimentally observed changes in photoconductance to a stretched exponential function, in an analogous manner to bias-stressed thin-film transistors. The information provided in this report should help the community better understand one of the most perplexing open problems in the field of perovskite solar cells and, ultimately, lead to more robust and predictable devices.
Development and validation of a real-time microelectrochemical sensor for clinical monitoring of tissue oxygenation/perfusion
Authors: Gnahoré Gama Theophile , Kelly Jack L. , O'Riordan Saidhbhe L. , Bolger Fiachra B. , Doran Michelle M. , Sands Michelle , Lowry John P.
Published: April 2020

Oxygen is critically important to tissue viability and there is increasing demand for its reliable real-time clinical monitoring in order to prevent, diagnose and treat several pathological disorders, including hypoxia, stroke and reperfusion injury.
A pH-responsive dissociable mesoporous silica-based nanoplatform enabling efficient dual-drug co-delivery and rapid clearance for cancer therapy
Authors: He Yongju , Shao Linjie , Usman Ibrahim , Hu Yao , Pan Anqiang , Liang Shuquan , Xu Hui
Published: April 2020

A pH-responsive dissociable mesoporous silica-based cluster with efficient dual-drug co-delivery for combinational cancer therapy, tumor accumulation via its large size-favored EPR effect and rapid clearance by its acid-triggered dissociation.
A novel mixed matrix membrane framework for ultrafast cation sieving
Authors: Ran Jin , Wu Yuying , Huang Qiang , Pan Ting , Chu Chengquan , Cui Peng , Zhang Pengpeng , Sheng Fangmeng , Ge Liang , Xu Tongwen
Published: April 2020

This work reported a new mixed matrix membrane architecture for ultrafast cation sieving.
Ru nanoparticles supported on amorphous ZrO2for CO2methanation
Authors: Nagase Hironori , Naito Rei , Tada Shohei , Kikuchi Ryuji , Fujiwara Kakeru , Nishijima Masahiko , Honma Tetsuo
Published: April 2020

The influence of support materials and preparation methods on CO2methanation activity was investigated using Ru nanoparticles supported on amorphous ZrO2(am-ZrO2), crystalline ZrO2(cr-ZrO2), and SiO2.
Surface reconstruction and the effect of Ni-modification on the selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene over Mo2C-based catalysts
Authors: Yang Qiuchen , Qiu Rui , Ma Xixi , Hou Ruijun , Sun Kening
Published: April 2020

In the current study, Mo2C, NiMo2C, H–Mo2C and H–NiMo2C were synthesized to understand the effects of Ni modification and surface reconstruction.
Photoswitchable catalysis using organometallic complexes
Authors: Freixa Zoraida
Published: April 2020

Photoswitchable catalysis using organometallic complexes: a ligand design perspective.
Facile synthesis of oxygen-deficient nano-TiO2coordinated by acetate ligands for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance
Authors: Pang Shaohua , Lu Yunfei , Cheng Lin , Liu Juming , Ma Huiyan , Yang Jucai , Zhang Qiancheng
Published: April 2020

Surface oxygen vacancy defects and acetate ligands can synergistically enhance the visible-light photocatalytic activity of nano-TiO2for phenol degradation.
Structural characterization of HPM-7, a more ordered than expected germanosilicate zeolite
Authors: Lu Peng , Zhang Yaping , Mayoral Alvaro , Gómez-Hortigüela Luis , Camblor Miguel A.
Published: April 2020

Although several feasible polymorphs of similar energy and structural motifs could exist, the zeolite HPM-7 possesses a remarkably ordered crystalline structure.
Synthesis and reactivity of cyclobutadiene nickel bromide
Authors: Shvydkiy Nikita V. , Dlin Egor A. , Ivanov Klimentiy V. , Buyanovskaya Anastasiya G. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Perekalin Dmitry S.
Published: April 2020

The reaction of NiBr2 with 3-hexyne provides new access to various cyclobutadiene nickel complexes.
Enhanced degradation of atrazine by microbubble ozonation
Authors: Liu Yunsi , Wang Shuo , Shi Lifang , Lu Wanmeng , Li Pan
Published: April 2020

Enhanced degradation of atrazine by microbubble ozonation probably derives from two sources: decomposition of ozone and collapse of microbubbles.
Targets and underlying mechanisms related to the sedative and hypnotic activities of saponin extracts from semen Ziziphus jujube
Authors: Shen Chun-Yan , Wan Lin , Zhu Jing-Jing , Jiang Jian-Guo
Published: April 2020

Semen Ziziphus jujube (SZJ) has been widely consumed because it is recognized as edible in China to treat insomnia disorders.
Photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer: the philosopher's stone for late-stage functionalization?
Authors: Capaldo Luca , Quadri Lorenzo Lafayette , Ravelli Davide
Published: April 2020

Applications of photocatalytic Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) methodologies for the Late-Stage Functionalization (LSF) of complex molecules have been discussed in this perspective.
Evaluation of intercellular communication between breast cancer cells and adipose-derived stem cells via passive diffusion in a two-layer microfluidic device
Authors: Rahman Sharif M. , Campbell Joshua M. , Coates Rachael N. , Render Katie M. , Byrne C. Ethan , Martin Elizabeth C. , Melvin Adam T.
Published: April 2020

Breast cancer cells co-cultured with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in a microfluidic device exhibited enhanced growth, a more aggressive morphology and polarization towards the ASCs, and increased drug resistance.
Recent advances in crystalline carbon dots for superior application potential
Authors: Pal Ayan , Sk Md Palashuddin , Chattopadhyay Arun
Published: April 2020

The present review article focuses on novel findings corresponding to the structural and photophysical properties of carbon dots. The article also highlights unique characteristics of crystalline dots that offer new chemistry and thus new application potential.
MOF-5 as a highly efficient and recyclable catalyst for one pot synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted quinoline derivatives
Authors: Xiao Song-Tao , Ma Cui-Ting , Di Jia-Qi , Zhang Zhan-Hui
Published: April 2020

An approach was developed for the synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted quinoline derivativesviaa one pot three-component reaction of aromatic amines, aldehydes and alkynes catalyzed by MOF-5 under solvent-free conditions.
Construction of 3D lanthanide based MOFs with pores decorated with basic imidazole groups for selective capture and chemical fixation of CO2
Authors: Dhankhar Sandeep Singh , Nagaraja C. M.
Published: April 2020

Rational construction of three new 3D lanthanide-based MOFs exhibiting selective CO2 capture and conversion to value-added cyclic carbonates under mild conditions is reported.
Highly transparent and luminescent gel glass based on reabsorption-free gold nanoclusters
Authors: Cai Kun-Bin , Huang Hsiu-Ying , Chen Po-Wen , Wen Xiao-Ming , Li Kai , Co King Chester Capinig , Shen Ji-Lin , Chiu Kuo-Pin , Yuan Chi-Tsu
Published: April 2020

Luminescent and transparent composites formed by embedding luminophores in a solid matrix are essential components for several photonic applications, such as luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) and luminescent down-shifting/conversion layers.
Complex three-dimensional graphene structures driven by surface functionalization
Authors: Ho Duc Tam , Ho Viet Hung , Babar Vasudeo , Kim Sung Youb , Schwingenschlögl Udo
Published: April 2020

A self-folding approach inspired by the origami technique is developed to form complex three-dimensional graphene structures using pattern-based surface functionalization.
Design of new phenothiazine derivatives as visible light photoinitiators
Authors: Rahal Mahmoud , Abdallah Mira , Bui Thanh-Tuân , Goubard Fabrice , Graff Bernadette , Dumur Frédéric , Toufaily Joumana , Hamieh Tayssir , Lalevée Jacques
Published: April 2020

In this article, four new phenothiazine derivatives (denoted as PT1, PT2, PT3 and PT4) are specifically in silico designed by molecular modelling for good light absorption properties @405 nm.
Interconnected porous nanoflakes of CoMo2S4 as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water electrolysis
Authors: Tang Shasha , Li Xiaogang , Courté Marc , Peng Jingjing , Fichou Denis
Published: April 2020

Interconnected porous nanoflakes of the bimetallic CoMo2S4 are synthesized and investigated as bifunctional catalysts for highly efficient overall water electrolysis.
Supramolecular ionogels prepared with bis(amino alcohol)oxamides as gelators: ionic transport and mechanical properties
Authors: Šantić Ana , Brinkkötter Marc , Portada Tomislav , Frkanec Leo , Cremer Cornelia , Schönhoff Monika , Moguš-Milanković Andrea
Published: April 2020

Novel supramolecular ionogels with high ionic conductivity and variable mechanical strength prepared by gelation of ionic liquid [C4mim][N(Tf)2] with (S,S)-bis(phenylalaninol)oxamide.
A two-dimensional crystal growth in anatase titania nanostructures driven by trigonal hydronium ions
Authors: Md Saad Siti Khatijah , Alias Nabilah , Ramli Muhamad Adam , Abdullah Nur Adliha , Abd Malek Nurul Ain , Rosli Mohd Mustaqim , Ali Umar Akrajas
Published: April 2020

Hydronium ion projects a two-dimensional crystal growth in anatase TiO2nanostructure.
A comparative study of the drying evolution and dried morphology of two globular proteins in de-ionized water solutions
Authors: Pal Anusuya , Gope Amalesh , Athair Ari S. , Iannacchione Germano S.
Published: April 2020

Signature pattern formation in drying globular protein solution droplets: understanding self-assembled macroscopic states as indicators of the initial microscopic states.
Ratiometric temperature measurement using negative thermal quenching of intrinsic BiFeO3 semiconductor nanoparticles
Authors: Antić Željka , Prashanthi K. , Kuzman Sanja , Periša Jovana , Ristić Zoran , Palkar V. R. , Dramićanin Miroslav D.
Published: April 2020

Negative thermal quenching of intrinsic BiFeO3 semiconductor nanoparticles for ratiometric luminescence thermometry with 2.5% K−1 relative sensitivity and 0.2 K temperature resolution.
Sensitive and enzyme-free fluorescence polarization detection for miRNA-21 based on decahedral sliver nanoparticles and strand displacement reaction
Authors: Zhu Qingyue , Li Hui , Xu Danke
Published: April 2020

A highly sensitive method for miRNA-21 detection has been developed, which relied on the principle of strand displacement reaction to achieve asymmetric signal amplification and combined with the enhanced effect of Ag10NPs.
Dehydration in water: frustrated Lewis pairs directly catalyzed allylization of electron-rich arenes and allyl alcohols
Authors: Zhang Hua , Zhan Xiao-Yu , Dong Yu , Yang Jian , He Shuai , Shi Zhi-Chuan , Zhang Xiao-Mei , Wang Ji-Yu
Published: April 2020

A frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)-catalyzed allylation of allyl alcohols with electron-rich arenes has been developed.
Concise asymmetric synthesis of two natural oxacyclododecindione-type macrolactones from industrial waste
Authors: Liu Xian , Nie Huifang , Yao Lin , Jiang Ru , Chen Weiping
Published: April 2020

Asymmetric synthesis of natural oxacyclododecindione-type macrolactones 2 and 3 has been realized for the first time using industrial waste (S)-1 as starting material.
A proof-of-concept, two-tiered approach for ricin detection using ambient mass spectrometry
Authors: Swiner Devin J. , Durisek George R. , Osae Hannah , Badu-Tawiah Abraham K.
Published: April 2020

Ricin is a naturally occurring, highly potent toxin native to castor bean plants that has recently been used as a biological weapon in cases of bioterrorism and suicide attempts.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and reaction modelling study of bio-oil catalytic hydrodeoxygenation in microreactors
Authors: Hafeez Sanaa , Aristodemou Elsa , Manos George , Al-Salem S. M. , Constantinou Achilleas
Published: April 2020

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was derived and validated in order to investigate the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of 4-propylguaiacol, which is a lignin-derived compound present in bio-oil.
A straightforward approach to antibodies recognising cancer specific glycopeptidic neoepitopes
Authors: Wakui Hajime , Tanaka Yoshikazu , Ose Toyoyuki , Matsumoto Isamu , Kato Koji , Min Yao , Tachibana Taro , Sato Masaharu , Naruchi Kentaro , Martin Fayna Garcia , Hinou Hiroshi , Nishimura Shin-Ichiro
Published: April 2020

We developed new class of designated antibodies targeting of “dynamic neoepitopes” elaborated by disease-specific O-glycosylation at the immunodominant mucin domains.
When hollow multishelled structures (HoMSs) meet metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)
Authors: Wang Zumin , Yang Nailiang , Wang Dan
Published: April 2020

Three major kinds of integrations of MOFs and HoMSs and possible further applications are discussed.
Ultrafast amidation of esters using lithium amides under aerobic ambient temperature conditions in sustainable solvents
Authors: Fairley Michael , Bole Leonie J. , Mulks Florian F. , Main Laura , Kennedy Alan R. , O'Hara Charles T. , García-Alvarez Joaquín , Hevia Eva
Published: April 2020

Using 2-methyl THF as solvent enables efficient and ultrafast amidation of esters by lithium amides at room temperature in air, edging closer towards reaching air- and moisture-compatible polar organometallic chemistry.
Covalent organic frameworks as micro-reactors: confinement-enhanced electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Zeng Wei-Jia , Wang Kun , Liang Wen-Bin , Chai Ya-Qin , Yuan Ruo , Zhuo Ying
Published: April 2020

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) micro-reactors with enhanced intensity and extreme stability were firstly established, unravelling the mechanism of ECL micro-reactors using COF-LZU1 assembled Ru(bpy)32+ as a case study.
Palladium-catalysed 5-endo-trig allylic (hetero)arylation
Authors: Singh Bara , Bankar Siddheshwar K. , Kumar Ketan , Ramasastry S. S. V.
Published: April 2020

A palladium-catalysed intramolecular allylic (hetero)arylation strategy for the synthesis of fused cyclopentenes incorporated with all-carbon quaternary and spiro centres is described.
Rock ‘n’ use of CO2: carbon footprint of carbon capture and utilization by mineralization
Authors: Ostovari Hesam , Sternberg André , Bardow André
Published: April 2020

Our LCA-based assessment showed that all considered CCU technologies for mineralization can reduce climate impacts over the entire life cycle due to the permanent storage of CO2 and the credit for substituting conventional products.
Impact of wormlike micelles on nano and macroscopic structure of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril hydrogels
Authors: da Silva Marcelo A. , Calabrese Vincenzo , Schmitt Julien , Hossain Kazi M. Zakir , Bryant Saffron J. , Mahmoudi Najet , Scott Janet L. , Edler Karen J.
Published: April 2020

The shape of mixed surfactant micelles alters the rheological properties of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (OCNF) saline dispersions.
Conformal SnOx heterojunction coatings for stabilized photoelectrochemical water oxidation using arrays of silicon microcones
Authors: Moreno-Hernandez Ivan A. , Yalamanchili Sisir , Fu Harold J. , Atwater Harry A. , Brunschwig Bruce S. , Lewis Nathan S.
Published: April 2020

A protective tin oxide layer formed by atomic-layer deposition limits surface recombination at n-Si surfaces and produces ∼620 mV of photovoltage on planar n-Si photoanodes. The layer conformally coats structures such as Si microcone arrays.
Synergistic performance of a sub-nanoscopic cobalt and imidazole grafted porous organic polymer for CO2fixation to cyclic carbonates under ambient pressure without a co-catalyst
Authors: Chakraborty Jeet , Nath Ipsita , Song Shaoxian , Kao Chih-Ming , Verpoort Francis
Published: April 2020

A facile, single-step development strategy of a sub-nanoscopic Lewis acidic Co and basic imidazole grafted porous organic polymer is reported.
UV activated visible-blind Ga:ZnO photodetectors using the GLAD technique: a comparative study in different gas atmospheres and temperatures
Authors: Soni Ankit , Mulchandani Komal , Mavani K. R.
Published: April 2020

Effects of various gas adsorbates on deep-UV photo-sensing of crystalline and porous ZnO and Ga:ZnO nanostructures produced by Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD)-assisted pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method.
4D printing with spin-crossover polymer composites
Authors: Piedrahita-Bello Mario , Angulo-Cervera José Elias , Courson Rémi , Molnár Gábor , Malaquin Laurent , Thibault Christophe , Tondu Bertrand , Salmon Lionel , Bousseksou Azzedine
Published: April 2020

4D spin crossover–polymer composite materials were printed using a stereolithographic method.
Postprandial increase in glucagon-like peptide-1 is blunted in severe heart failure
Authors: Arruda-Junior Daniel F. , Martins Flavia L. , Salles Thiago Almeida , Jensen Leonardo , Dariolli Rafael , Antonio Ednei L. , dos Santos Leonardo , Crajoinas Renato O. , Tucci Paulo J.F. , Gowdak Luís Henrique W. , Krieger José Eduardo , Pereira Alexandre C. , Girardi Adriana C.
Published: April 2020

The relationship between disturbances in glucose homeostasis and heart failure (HF) progression is bidirectional. However, the mechanisms by which HF intrinsically impairs glucose homeostasis remain unknown. The present study tested the hypothesis that the bioavailability of intact glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is affected in HF, possibly contributing to disturbed glucose homeostasis. Serum concentrations of total and intact GLP-1 and insulin were measured after an overnight fast and 15 min after the ingestion of a mixed breakfast meal in 49 non-diabetic patients with severe HF and 40 healthy control subjects. Similarly, fasting and postprandial serum concentrations of these hormones were determined in sham-operated rats, and rats with HF treated with an inhibitor of the GLP-1-degrading enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), vildagliptin, or vehicle for 4 weeks. We found that HF patients displayed a much lower increase in postprandial intact and total GLP-1 levels than controls. The increase in postprandial intact GLP-1 in HF patients correlated negatively with serum brain natriuretic peptide levels and DPP4 activity and positively with the glomerular filtration rate. Likewise, the postprandial increases in both intact and total GLP-1 were blunted in HF rats and were restored by DPP4 inhibition. Additionally, vehicle-treated HF rats displayed glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia, whereas normal glucose homeostasis was observed in vildagliptin-treated HF rats. We conclude that the postprandial increase in GLP-1 is blunted in non-diabetic HF. Impaired GLP-1 bioavailability after meal intake correlates with poor prognostic factors and may contribute to the establishment of a vicious cycle between glucose disturbance and HF development and progression.
Double‐Layer electron transporting layer for efficient lead sulfide quantum dots solar cells
Authors: Tavakoli M.M. , Dastjerdi M.H.T.
Published: April 2020

Herein, for the first time, the role of double‐layer electron transporting layer (ETL), i.e. ZnO/SnO2 on the efficiency of lead sulfide quantum dots solar cells is demonstrated. Using this approach, a device with power conversion efficiency of 10.6% is achieved mainly due to the enhancement of open circuit voltage (VOC). The authors reduce the loss‐in‐potential by 80 mV using ZnO/SnO2 double‐layer ETL.
Time‐delay concept‐based approach to maintenance scheduling of HV cables
Authors: Yuan Jing , Zhou Wenjun , Xu Xiaobing , Liao Yanqun , Zhou Chengke
Published: April 2020

The associated daily maintenance effort and cost has been increasing with the growing use of high‐voltage (HV) cable circuits. This study proposes a time‐delay concept‐based approach to maintenance scheduling of individual HV cable components, to allow periodicity of inspection to be optimised with consideration of time‐delay interval between the instant of defect inception and final failure. Here, the progress from a defect to its resultant final failure can be represented as a two‐stage process, one being a stochastic process of defect arrival and the other being a delay‐time interval from defect to failure. Then an optimisation model is established to schedule maintenance activities based on the two statistical processes, where the objective function is set as the minimal maintenance cost. Cable circuits are divided into five components in accordance with the objects of inspection and testing. The components within different service ages are considered individually in the statistical models, and their accumulate failure numbers during each service year are used to automatically formulate and update periodicity of inspection. To illustrate the feasibility of the approach proposed, theoretical analysis on thousands of cable circuits are carried out. Results show that the economic expenditure could be reduced by 22.2% after optimisation.
Strategic planning of continuous stakeholder involvement in the design of industrial product‐service systems
Authors: Haussmann Yvonne , Christian Wuttke Claas
Published: April 2020

Industrial product‐service systems (IPS2) are an increasingly important and profitable offering of manufacturing companies. Alongside specific design processes, the suitable integration of the customer and all other stakeholders is essential for the market success of IPS2. In this context, a multitude of methods and processes have been published to date. The novel approach of this contribution consists in the consideration of the individuality of the design object and of the corresponding design process. Presented results are (i) a workshop‐based procedure to analyse the design object including the goals and risks as well as the basic conditions of the stakeholder integration, (ii) a procedure to plan an individualised stakeholder integration process based on the analysis results and a collection and systematisation of 35 methods for customer integration, and finally, (iii) a condensed version of the approach which allows to apply the procedure on short notice. This work is based on a comprehensive literature research as well as on the results of three case studies.
Two‐step method for calculation of eddy current losses in a laminated transformer core
Authors: Frljić Stjepan , Trkulja Bojan
Published: April 2020

A method for calculating eddy currents and corresponding losses in a laminated transformer core using finite element method is developed. The method is based on the transformation of the 3D model into the corresponding 2D model. The 2D laminated domain coincides with the slice of the 3D laminated domain. Eddy currents are therefore considered as 2D phenomena within lamination, instead of the 1D approximation, thus taking into account the edge effects. By using the 2D mesh, the number of finite elements is drastically reduced. The validity and precision of the method are verified by comparing the results of the simulation with the results obtained using the brute force approach and with the results obtained using the homogenisation method.
Research on state evaluation and risk assessment for relay protection system based on machine learning algorithm
Authors: Ying Liming , Jia Yongtian , Li Wenan
Published: April 2020

The relay protection system plays an important role in ensuring the stable operation of power systems. Combined with operation data collected from a region in China, this study is aimed at providing a reliable quantitative basis for relay protection systems’ operating maintenance by the aid of a semi‐supervised Mahalanobis distance machine learning algorithm. The evaluation result is first applied as a training set on the basis of the analytic hierarchy process fuzzy synthetic evaluation. Then, contrastive analysis is conducted in terms of accuracy, processing time, and feasibility. It includes comparative cases with a supervised multiple regression analysis algorithm and unsupervised K‐means algorithm. The comparison result reveals that the algorithm can effectively and accurately predict the running state of the equipment and offer a quantitative reference for relative maintenance strategy.
Wide‐area agent‐based scheme for Volt/Var control with a cooperative framework based on game theory
Authors: Nassaj Amin , Shahrtash Seyed Mohammad
Published: April 2020

A novel method for dynamic voltage control, followed by a power loss reduction in a wide area scheme, is presented in this study. The proposed scheme is based on a combination of multi‐agent system and cooperative game theory concepts and determines appropriate coordination of reactive power resources for maintaining voltage security as well as lowering post‐disturbance power loss of power system. In addition, the algorithm takes the advantages of previously proposed mechanisms by the authors, i.e. a predictive mechanism in taking remedial actions according to the trends of voltage magnitudes and impending remedial actions and a preventive approach providing an effective number of changes of taps in on‐load tap changers. The acquired results of simulations, performed in the Nordic 32 test system, show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme.
SF6 passive resonance DC circuit breaker combined with a superconducting fault current limiter
Authors: Xiang Bin , Cheng Nuo , Yang Kun , Liu Zhiyuan , Geng Yingsan , Wang Jianhua , Yanabu Satoru
Published: April 2020

Superconducting current limiters (SFCLs) can limit short‐circuit fault current and provide sufficient time for DC circuit breakers (DCCBs) to isolate faults. An SF6 passive resonance DCCB combined with a superconducting current‐limiting module and a DC interruption module is proposed due to the high current interruption properties and the low on‐state loss. However, experimental investigations of SF6 passive resonance DCCBs combined with SFCLs using DC source are currently lacking. The objective of this paper is to obtain the interruption characteristics and modeling design methods of the proposed SF6 passive resonance DCCB. This paper designs a 10 kV SF6 passive resonance DCCB and tests the DCCB in a 10 kV/10 kA circuit. Quenching resistance and arc models are established based on experimental results. Experimental results show that the superconducting current‐limiting module responds fast at 0.3 ms and limits the DC fault current of 10 kA to a peak of 816 A. Then the DC interruption module interrupts the limited current successfully. Besides, there is no overvoltage afterward in all the tests because the superconducting current‐limiting module absorbs much of the energy during the interruption. The proposed DCCB would be an effective method for interrupting short‐circuit faults in high voltage DC systems.
Impact study of demand response program on the resilience of dynamic clustered distribution systems
Authors: Khalili Tohid , Bidram Ali , Reno Matthew J.
Published: April 2020

Natural disasters, faults, or the sudden outage of major energy resources can create resilience issues in power systems. Modern distribution systems can reconfigure due to the use of automated protection and control techniques and the proliferation of distributed generators (DGs). If there are several DGs located nearby, distribution systems can be clustered into microgrids in an emergency condition. Clustering of distribution systems offers many benefits to achieve high system resilience. Moreover, demand response (DR) is an efficient way of increasing the operation quality and improving the resilience of the power system. This study discusses the impact of DR on the resilience of dynamically‐clustered distribution systems. Accounting for the DR while clustering the distribution system can be beneficial for distribution system customers from the resilience and power quality points‐of‐view. To this end, the distribution clustering is performed using two different objective functions to improve its resilience and voltage profile. DR is formulated as new constraints applied to the distribution system clustering optimisation problem. This study proposes a multi‐objective optimisation function that is solved by using an exchange market algorithm, Pareto efficiency method, and fuzzy satisfying approach. The simulations are performed on IEEE 33‐bus test system.
Self‐guided filter for image denoising
Authors: Zhu Shujin , Yu Zekuan
Published: April 2020

The guided filter has been acknowledged as an exceptional edge‐preserving filter whose output is a locally linear transform of the guidance image. However, the traditional guided filter heavily relies on the guidance image and fails to achieve the desired result when performing image denoising without a clear guidance image. In this study, to address this limitation, the authors propose a simple yet effective guided filter variant for the single image noise removing. They further show that the proposed denoising strategy can be easily realised by using the iterative framework. Moreover, the weak textured patches based image noise estimation is utilised to generate a clear intermediate image which makes the proposed method highly adaptable to the local noise level. Experimental results demonstrate that their proposed algorithm can compete with the state‐of‐the‐art local denoising methods in edge‐preserving.
Retracted: Convolutional neural network based on differential privacy in exponential attenuation mode for image classification
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Wu Jinzhao , Wang Xiaojing
Published: April 2020

Privacy information leaks have become a major problem hindering the development of the convolutional neural network and deep learning. Differential privacy protection has been applied to deep learning by more and more scholars to protect image training sets. The differentially private SGD (DP‐SGD) algorithm is adding Gaussian noise of a fixed level will cause the accuracy of the model to increase slowly with the increase of training times. To solve this problem, this study presents a convolutional neural network based on differential privacy in exponential attenuation mode. Firstly, the attenuation coefficient of Gaussian noise is linked with the training times and the accuracy of the model. Secondly, the DP‐SGD algorithm in exponential attenuation mode is proposed. The calculation method of the differential privacy protection budget in exponential attenuation mode is given. Finally, experiments with the MNIST dataset and X‐ray images verify the feasibility of using the original data of the Gaussian noise convolutional neural network based on differential privacy protection in exponential attenuation mode.
Underwater TDOA/FDOA joint localisation method based on cross‐ambiguity function
Authors: Jiang Feng , Zhang Zhenkai , Esmaeili Najafabadi Hamid , Yang Yi
Published: April 2020

In the underwater sound source localisation systems, the sound wave signal is accompanied by time delay and Doppler shift, where the cross‐ambiguity function (CAF) is commonly applied as a method of estimating them. This study proposes a novel method for calculating the exact value of the CAF,based on the theory of curved surface interpolation. Firstly, two optimisation problems with equality and inequality constraints are developed, where the penalty function method is employed to turn the equality constraint problem into an unconstrained problem. Secondly, the time delay and Doppler shift of the CAF solution are processed to obtain the measurement values required for accurate localisation. Furthermore, the authors propose an improved time difference of arrival and frequency difference of arrival (TDOA/FDOA)‐based joint localisation algorithm, which changes the structure of traditional localisation equations and eliminates the localisation imprecision caused by neglecting the square term of the noise. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by extensive simulations and comparisons with several established methods. Remarkably, the proposed localisation method is confirmed to be noticeably superior and effective for the considered application.
A 3D view of the Taurus star-forming region by Gaia and Herschel
Authors: Roccatagliata V. , Franciosini E. , Sacco G. G. , Randich S. , Sicilia-Aguilar A.
Published: April 2020

Context. Taurus represents an ideal region to study the three-dimensional distribution of the young stellar population and relate it to the associated molecular cloud.

Aims. The second Gaia data release (DR2) enables us to investigate the Taurus complex in three dimensions, starting from a previously defined robust membership. The molecular cloud structured in filaments can be traced in emission using the public far-infrared maps from Herschel.

Methods. From a compiled catalog of spectroscopically confirmed members, we analyze the 283 sources with reliable parallax and proper motions in the Gaia DR2 archive. We fit the distribution of parallaxes and proper motions with multiple populations described by multivariate Gaussians. We compute the cartesian Galactic coordinates (X,Y,Z) and, for the populations associated with the main cloud, also the galactic space velocity (U,V,W). We discuss the spatial distribution of the populations in relation to the structure of the filamentary molecular cloud traced by Herschel.

Results. We discover the presence of six populations which are all well defined in parallax and proper motions, with the only exception being Taurus D. The derived distances range between ~130 and ~160 pc. We do not find a unique relation between stellar population and the associated molecular cloud: while the stellar population seems to be on the cloud surface, both lying at similar distances, this is not the case when the molecular cloud is structured in filaments. Taurus B is probably moving in the direction of Taurus A, while Taurus E appears to be moving towards them.

Conclusions. The Taurus region is the result of a complex star formation history which most probably occurred in clumpy and filamentary structures that are evolving independently.
Mechanical feedback effects on primordial black hole accretion
Authors: Bosch-Ramon V. , Bellomo N.
Published: April 2020

Context. Dark matter may consist, at least partially, of primordial black holes formed during the radiation-dominated era. The radiation produced by accretion onto primordial black holes leaves characteristic signatures on the properties of the medium at high redshift, before and after hydrogen recombination. Therefore, reliable modeling of accretion onto these objects is required to obtain robust constraints on their abundance.

Aims. We investigate the effect of mechanical feedback, that is, the impact of outflows (winds and– or –jets) on the medium, on primordial black hole accretion, and thereby on the associated radiation.

Methods. Using analytical and numerical calculations, we studied for the first time the possibility that outflows can reduce the accretion rate of primordial black holes with masses similar to those detected by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration.

Results. Despite the complexity of the accretion rate evolution, mechanical feedback is useful in to significantly reducing the primordial black hole accretion rate, at least by one order of magnitude, when outflows are aligned with the motion of the compact object. If the outflow is perpendicular to the direction of motion, the effect is less important, but it is still non-negligible.

Conclusions. Outflows from primordial black holes, even rather weak ones, can significantly decrease the accretion rate, effectively weakening abundance constraints on these objects. Our results motivate further numerical simulations with a more realistic setup, which would yield more precise quantitative predictions.
Mineral snowflakes on exoplanets and brown dwarfs
Authors: Samra D. , Helling Ch. , Min M.
Published: April 2020

Context. Exoplanet atmosphere characterisation has become an important tool in understanding exoplanet formation, evolution, and it also is a window into potential habitability. However, clouds remain a key challenge for characterisation: upcoming space telescopes (e.g. the James Webb Space Telescope, JWST, and the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey) and ground-based high-resolution spectrographs (e.g. the next-generation CRyogenic high-resolution InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph) will produce data requiring detailed understanding of cloud formation and cloud effects for a variety of exoplanets and brown dwarfs.

Aims. We aim to understand how the micro-porosity of cloud particles affects the cloud structure, particle size, and material composition on exoplanets and brown dwarfs. We further examine the spectroscopic effects of micro-porous particles, the particle size distribution, and non-spherical cloud particles.

Methods. We expanded our kinetic non-equilibrium cloud formation model to study the effect of micro-porosity on the cloud structure using prescribed 1D (Tgas–pgas) profiles from the DRIFT-PHOENIX model atmosphere grid. We applied the effective medium theory and the Mie theory to model the spectroscopic properties of cloud particles with micro-porosity and a derived particle size distribution. In addition, we used a statistical distribution of hollow spheres to represent the effects of non-spherical cloud particles.

Results. Highly micro-porous cloud particles (90% vacuum) have a larger surface area, enabling efficient bulk growth higher in the atmosphere than for compact particles. Increases in single scattering albedo and cross-sectional area for these mineral snowflakes cause the cloud deck to become optically thin only at a wavelength of ~100 μm instead of at the ~20 μm for compact cloud particles. A significant enhancement in albedo is also seen when cloud particles occur with a locally changing Gaussian size distribution. Non-spherical particles increase the opacity of silicate spectral features, which further increases the wavelength at which the clouds become optically thin.

Conclusions. Retrievals of cloud properties, particularly particle size and mass of clouds, are biased by the assumption of compact spherical particles. The JWST mid-infrared instrument will be sensitive to signatures of micro-porous and non-spherical cloud particles based on the wavelength at which clouds are optically thin. Details of spectral features are also dependent on particle shape, and greater care must be taken in modelling clouds as observational data improves.
Radio properties of the OH megamaser galaxy IRAS 02524+2046
Authors: Peng Hao , Wu Zhongzu , Zhang Bo , Chen Yongjun , Zheng Xingwu , Jiang Dongrong , Shen Zhiqiang , Chen Xi , Sotnikova Yu. V.
Published: April 2020

We present results from VLBI observations of continuum and OH line emission in IRAS 02524+2046 as well as arcsecond-scale radio properties of this galaxy using VLA archive data. We found that there is no significant detection of radio continuum emission from VLBI observations. The arcsecond-scale radio images of this source show no clear extended emission. The total radio flux density at L and C bands are approximately 2.9 mJy and 1.0 mJy, respectively, which indicates a steep radio spectral index between the two bands. A steep spectral index, low brightness temperature, and high q-ratio (i.e., the far-infrared to the radio flux density), which are three critical indicators in the classification of radio activity in the nuclei of galaxies, are all consistent with the classification of this source as a starburst galaxy from its optical spectrum. The high-resolution line profile reveals that we detected both the 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz OH maser lines, which show two and three clear components, respectively. The channel maps show that the maser emission are distributed in a region of ∼210 pc × 90 pc. The detected maser components in different regions indicate similar double spectral features, which might be evidence that this galaxy is at a stage of major merger as seen from the optical morphology.