bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The restoration of Calver weir, UK
Authors: Thornton Geoff , Welsh Benjamin , Harris Peter , Cliff Graham
Published: May 2013

Calver weir lies at the centre of a stretch of the River Derwent in North Derbyshire, UK, which is locally renowned for its attractive natural appeal. The weir creates the high-level upstream river and the resulting wetlands. The weir was built in the eighteenth century to provide water to power a mill. In the twentieth century some repairs were carried out but these subsequently failed, leaving the weir in a dangerous condition. A company, called the Calver Weir Restoration Project, was set up to restore the weir. This paper describes the weir, the problems encountered, solutions and the reconstruction works and amenities for water voles around the side of the fish pass.
Diabetes and periodontal diseases: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases
Authors: Chapple Iain L. C. , Genco Robert ,   on behalf of working group 2 of the joint EFP/AAP workshop
Published: May 2013

Background: Diabetes and periodontitis are complex chronic diseases with an established bidirectional relationship. There is long‐established evidence that hyperglycaemia in diabetes is associated with adverse periodontal outcomes. However, given the ubiquity of periodontal diseases and the emerging global diabetes epidemic, the complications of which contribute to significant morbidity and premature mortality, it is timely to review the role of periodontitis in diabetes.

Aims: To report the epidemiological evidence from cross‐sectional, prospective and intervention studies for the impact of periodontal disease on diabetes incidence, control and complications and to identify potential underpinning mechanisms.

Epidemiology: Over the last 20 years, consistent and robust evidence has emerged that severe periodontitis adversely affects glycaemic control in diabetes and glycaemia in non‐diabetes subjects. In diabetes patients, there is a direct and dose‐dependent relationship between periodontitis severity and diabetes complications. Emerging evidence supports an increased risk for diabetes onset in patients with severe periodontitis.

Biological mechanisms: Type 2 diabetes is preceded by systemic inflammation, leading to reduced pancreatic b‐cell function, apoptosis and insulin resistance.Increasing evidence supports elevated systemic inflammation (acute‐phase and oxidative stress biomarkers) resulting from the entry of periodontal organisms and their virulence factors into the circulation, providing biological plausibility for the effects of periodontitis on diabetes. AGE (Advanced Glycation Endproducts)–RAGE (Receptor for AGEs) interactions and oxidative‐stress‐mediated pathways provide plausible mechanistic links in the diabetes to periodontitis direction.

Interventions: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) consistently demonstrate that mechanical periodontal therapy associates with approximately a 0.4% reduction in HbA1C at 3 months, a clinical impact equivalent to adding a second drug to a pharmacological regime for diabetes. RCTs are needed with larger numbers of subjects and longer term follow‐up, and if results are substantiated, adjunctive periodontal therapies subsequently need to be evaluated. There is no current evidence to support adjunctive use of antimicrobials for periodontal management of diabetes patients.

Guidelines: Given the current evidence, it is timely to provide guidelines for periodontal care in diabetes patients for medical and dental professionals and recommendations for patients/the public.
Effect of periodontal disease on diabetes: systematic review of epidemiologic observational evidence
Authors: Borgnakke Wenche S. , Yl€ostalo Pekka V. , Taylor George W. , Genco Robert J.
Published: May 2013

Background: Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are common, chronic diseases worldwide. Epidemiologic and biologic evidence suggest periodontal disease may affect diabetes.

Objective: To systematically review non‐experimental, epidemiologic evidence for effects of periodontal disease on diabetes control, complications and incidence.

Data sources: Electronic bibliographic databases, supplemented by hand searches of recent and future issues of relevant journals. Study eligibility criteria and participants: Longitudinal and cross‐sectional epidemiologic, non‐interventional studies that permit determination of directionality of observed effects were included. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Four reviewers evaluated pair‐wise each study. Review findings regarding study results and quality were summarized in tables by topic, using the PRISMA Statement for reporting and the Newcastle‐Ottawa System for quality assessment, respectively. From 2246 citations identified and available abstracts screened, 114 full‐text reports were assessed and 17 included in the review. Results: A small body of evidence supports significant, adverse effects of periodontal disease on glycaemic control, diabetes complications, and development of type 2 (and possibly gestational) diabetes.

Limitations: There were only a limited number of eligible studies, several of which included small sample sizes. Exposure and outcome parameters varied, and the generalizability of their results was limited. Conclusions and implications of key findings: Current evidence suggests that periodontal disease adversely affects diabetes outcomes, and that further longitudinal studies are warranted.
Evidence that periodontal treatment improves biomarkers and CVD outcomes
Authors: D’Aiuto Francesco , Orlandi Marco , Gunsolley John C.
Published: May 2013

Aim: The aim of this review was to critically appraise the evidence on the impact of periodontal treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) biomarkers and outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was performed in Cinhal, Cochrane, Embase and Medline for relevant articles up to July 2012. Duplicate screening and reference hand searching were performed. Data were then summarized and evidence graded in tables.

Results: The search resulted in: (a) no evidence on the effects of periodontal therapy on subclinical atherosclerosis, serum levels of CD40 ligand, serum amyloid A and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, (b) limited evidence on the effects of periodontal therapy on arterial blood pressure, leucocyte counts, fibrinogen, tissue necrosis factor‐a, sE‐selectin, von Willebrand factors, d‐dimers, matrix metalloproteinases, oxidative stress and CVD events, and (c) moderate evidence suggesting a negligible effect of periodontal therapy in reducing interleukin‐6 and lipids levels, whilst a positive effect in reducing serum C‐reactive protein levels and improving endothelial function.

Conclusions: Periodontal therapy triggers a short‐term inflammatory response followed by (a) a progressive and consistent reduction of systemic inflammation and (b) an improvement in endothelial function. There is however limited evidence that these acute and chronic changes will either increase or reduce CVD burden of individuals suffering from periodontitis in the long term.
Researching Resistance to Open Education Resource Contribution: An Activity Theory Approach
Authors: Cox Glenda
Published: May 2013

Higher education and associated institutions are beginning to share teaching materials known as Open Educational Resources (OER) or open courseware across the globe. Their success depends largely on the willingness of academics at these institutions to add their teaching resources. In a survey of the literature on OER there are several articles that discuss reasons why academics should contribute teaching materials. There are fewer articles that refer to academics' concerns or why they choose not to contribute their teaching resources. There have been only a few reported empirical studies thus far, and most of the studies have not been framed within any particular theoretical perspective. Hence there is a need to explore possible theories that might help to conceptualise and explain what enables or constrains the open education movement. This study aims to ascertain whether Engeström's activity theory and its principle of contradictions is a sufficiently versatile and insightful lens to investigate non-participation of OER contribution. Activity theory was found to be useful for framing the literature and three interviews with University of Cape Town (UCT) academics and for surfacing some of the constraints in the system. The key concerns that emerged centred around the rules in the institution concerning promotion and what is valued by the institution. At present this institution places value on research and until value is placed on sharing teaching materials as OER, it is unlikely that there will be large-scale voluntary contribution to the UCT OpenContent directory.
Revealing Future Prospects without Forecasts: The Case of Accelerating Material Contract Filings
Authors: Li Edward Xuejun
Published: May 2013

Extant research on voluntary disclosure about future prospects has focused on two forward-looking disclosure mechanisms: management forecasts and conference calls. This study examines the accelerated filing of material contracts as another type of future-related disclosure that involves no forecasting. I find that firms are more likely to accelerate material contract filings when forward-looking disclosures could lack credibility or arouse litigation concerns. However, for proprietary cost considerations, firms delay contract filings when facing high (low) product market competition from incumbents (potential entrants). I also find that accelerated contract filing is incrementally associated with lower information asymmetry. Overall, while presenting a cost-benefit trade-off that is distinctly different from forward-looking disclosures, accelerated contract filing is an important alternative channel through which firms communicate future prospects to investors.

Data Availability: The data used in this study are available from the public sources identified in the paper. Contact the author for any specific data requests.
Understanding the Links Between Audit Risks and Audit Steps: The Case of Procurement Cards
Authors: Dow Kevin E. , Watson Marcia Weidenmier , Shea Vincent J.
Published: May 2013

This case requires students to conduct an internal audit of a procurement card (PCard) program at a fictitious university. The primary objective of this case is to help students (1) understand the link between risks and controls for a given organization and then (2) link those risks and controls with the appropriate substantive and control tests. Students must complete a Risk-Control Matrix, develop an audit plan, and then conduct substantive audit tests on PCard transactions using Excel or generalized audit software. This audit provides a rich setting for students to complete a variety of real-world audit tasks to identify compliance (or non-compliance) with the PCard Program rules and to prepare business memos to communicate findings. Student feedback indicates that the case not only is realistic, interesting, and a positive learning experience, but also encourages critical thinking. In addition, the case significantly increased students' perceptions regarding their familiarity with PCards, use of generalized audit software (GAS) in compliance audits, and understanding of internal audit uses of GAS.
Short-term and long-term outcomes for overweight dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture treated surgically or nonsurgically
Authors: Wucherer Katja L. , Conzemius Michael G. , Evans Richard , Wilke Vicki L.
Published: May 2013

Objective—To determine short- and long-term rates of successful outcomes of surgical and nonsurgical treatments for overweight dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR).

Design—Prospective, randomized, clinical trial.

Animals—40 client-owned overweight dogs with unilateral CCLR.

Procedures—Dogs were randomly assigned to nonsurgical (physical therapy, weight loss, and NSAID administration) or surgical (tibial plateau leveling osteotomy) treatment groups; dogs in both groups received the same nonsurgical treatments. Dogs were evaluated immediately before and 6, 12, 24, and 52 weeks after initiation of treatments via owner questionnaires, gait analysis, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. A successful outcome was defined as an affected limb net ground reaction force > 85% of the value for healthy dogs and a ≥ 10% improvement in values of questionnaire variables.

Results—Owner questionnaire responses indicated dogs in both groups improved during the study, but dogs in the surgical treatment group seemed to have greater improvement. Body fat percentages for dogs in both treatment groups significantly decreased during the study. Surgical treatment group dogs had significantly higher peak vertical force for affected limbs versus nonsurgical treatment group dogs at the 24- and 52-week evaluation times. Surgical treatment group dogs had a higher probability of a successful outcome (67.7%, 92.6%, and 75.0% for 12-, 24-, and 52-week evaluations, respectively) versus nonsurgical treatment group dogs (47.1%, 33.3%, and 63.6% for 12-, 24-, and 52-week evaluations, respectively).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Overweight dogs with CCLR treated via surgical and nonsurgical methods had better outcomes than dogs treated via nonsurgical methods alone. However, almost two-thirds of the dogs in the nonsurgical treatment group had a successful outcome at the 52-week evaluation time.
Evaluation of the diagnostic value of serologic microagglutination testing and a polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of acute leptospirosis in dogs in a referral center
Authors: Fraune Claudia Kümmerle , Schweighauser Ariane , Francey Thierry
Published: May 2013

Objective—To determine the diagnostic value of a serologic microagglutination test (MAT) and a PCR assay on urine and blood for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI).

Design—Cross-sectional study.

Animals—76 dogs with AKI in a referral hospital (2008 to 2009).

Procedures—Dogs’ leptospirosis status was defined with a paired serologic MAT against a panel of 11 Leptospira serovars as leptospirosis-associated (n = 30) or nonleptospirosis-associated AKI (12). In 34 dogs, convalescent serologic testing was not possible, and leptospirosis status was classified as undetermined. The diagnostic value of the MAT single acute or convalescent blood sample was determined in dogs in which leptospirosis status could be classified. The diagnostic value of a commercially available genus-specific PCR assay was evaluated by use of 36 blood samples and 20 urine samples.

Results—Serologic acute testing of an acute blood sample had a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 76% to 100%), a sensitivity of 50% (33% to 67%), and an accuracy of 64% (49% to 77%). Serologic testing of a convalescent blood sample had a specificity of 92% (65% to 99%), a sensitivity of 100% (87% to 100%), and an accuracy of 98% (88% to 100%). Results of the Leptospira PCR assay were negative for all samples from dogs for which leptospirosis status could be classified.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Serologic MAT results were highly accurate for diagnosis of leptospirosis in dogs, despite a low sensitivity for early diagnosis. In this referral setting of dogs pretreated with antimicrobials, testing of blood and urine samples with a commercially available genus-specific PCR assay did not improve early diagnosis.
Perioperative outcome in dogs with hemoperitoneum: 83 cases (2005–2010)
Authors: Lux Cassie N. , Culp William T. N. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Tong Kim , Rebhun Robert B. , Kass Philip H.
Published: May 2013

Objective—To characterize the clinical course of dogs with hemoperitoneum in the perioperative setting and to determine risk factors that may affect short-term outcome.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—83 client-owned dogs.

Procedures—The medical records of dogs with hemoperitoneum that underwent surgery between 2005 and 2010 were reviewed. Data were analyzed to determine risk factors associated with perioperative outcome. The perioperative period was defined as the time from admission to the hospital for treatment of hemoperitoneum until the time of discharge or euthanasia (within the same visit).

Results—13 of 83 (16%) dogs died or were euthanized in the perioperative period. The median hospitalization time for surviving dogs was 2 days (range, 1 to 5 days). The requirement for a massive transfusion with blood products was a negative prognostic indicator for hospital discharge. The source of bleeding was isolated to the spleen in 75 of 83 (90%) dogs; a splenic source of hemorrhage was determined to be a positive predictor of survival to discharge from the hospital.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In the present study, factors associated with death and failure to be discharged from the hospital included tachycardia, a requirement for massive transfusion with blood products, and the development of respiratory disease secondary to suspected pulmonary thromboembolism or acute respiratory distress syndrome. The presence of disease within the spleen was positively associated with survival to discharge. Surgical intervention for treatment of hemoperitoneum, regardless of etiology, resulted in discharge from the hospital for 70 of the 83 (84%) dogs in this series.
Idiopathic sterile inflammation of the epidural fat and epaxial muscles causing paraplegia in a mixed-breed dog
Authors: Cornelis Ine , De Decker Steven , Gielen Ingrid , Gadeyne Caroline , Chiers Koen , Vandenabeele Sophie , Kromhout Kaatje , Van Ham Luc M. L.
Published: May 2013

Case Description—A 4-year-old sexually intact male mixed-breed dog was evaluated because of clinical signs of acute-onset pelvic limb ataxia, rapidly progressing to paraplegia with severe spinal hyperesthesia.

Clinical Findings—General physical examination revealed pyrexia, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Neurologic examination demonstrated severe spinal hyperesthesia and paraplegia with decreased nociception. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed extradural spinal cord compression at T13-L1 and hyperintense lesions on T1- and T2-weighted images in the epaxial musculature and epidural space.

Treatment and Outcome—Decompressive surgery, consisting of a continuous dorsal laminectomy, with copious lavage of the vertebral canal was performed. Cultures of blood, urine, and surgical site samples were negative. Histologic examination results for samples obtained during surgery demonstrated suppurative myositis and steatitis. These findings confirmed a diagnosis of sterile idiopathic inflammation of the epidural fat and epaxial muscles with spinal cord compression. The dog's neurologic status started to improve 1 week after surgery. After surgery, the dog received supportive care including antimicrobials and NSAIDs. The dog was ambulatory 1 month after surgery and was fully ambulatory despite signs of mild bilateral pelvic limb ataxia 3 years after surgery.

Clinical Relevance—Although idiopathic sterile inflammation of adipose tissue, referred to as panniculitis, more commonly affects subcutaneous tissue, its presence in the vertebral canal is rare. Specific MRI findings described in this report may help in reaching a presumptive diagnosis of this neurologic disorder. A definitive diagnosis and successful long-term outcome in affected patients can be achieved by decompressive surgery and histologic examination of surgical biopsy samples.
Endoparasitoses of fallow deer (Dama dama) in game-park in South Moravia (Czech Republic)
Authors: Borkovcová M. , Langrová I. , Totková A.
Published: May 2013

During the years 2002–2008 endoparasitoses of fallow deer Dama dama were monitored in White Carpathians (Czech Republic). Samples of excrements were tested by flotation and Baermann method and occasionally grallochs were dissected in order to detect gastrointestinal nematods (GIN) and lungworms (LW). In the same time we cooperated with gamekeepers, who carried out several differently successful measurements to lower the endoparasites’ prevalence. These measurements included pasture management, shooting management, additional-feeding management and drug treatment, all during the whole period of monitoring. Prevalence of endoparasites had descending trend, while intensity of infection had ascending trend. Total maximal prevalence (GIN+LW) in herd was 60 % (2004), in 2008, it fell down to 20 %. Annual dynamic of parasites was always highest in autumn months. Spectrum of detected parasites consisted only of species of the order Strongylida. Monitoring proved, that breeding management strategy can significantly influence parasitocenoses and help animals to regain health.
Small rodents — permanent reservoirs of toxocarosis in different habitats of Slovakia
Authors: Reiterová K. , Antolová D. , Zaleśny G. , Stanko M. , Špilovská S. , Mošanský L.
Published: May 2013

The study aimed to estimate the role of small rodents in the circulation of larval toxocarosis in light of their different habitats. From 2005 to 2008, a total of 1523 small rodents, belonging to 11 species, were captured in 5 different habitats of Slovakia. Anti-Toxocara antibodies were detected in 6.6 % animals. The dominant reservoirs of toxocarosis were striped-field mouse Apodemus agrarius (11.7 %) and mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus (10.7 %), while the seropositivity of voles was low. Sexually active adults were infected more frequently (10.8%) in comparison with inactive ones (5.2 %). According to habitats, seroprevalence of toxocarosis in windbreaks (2.4 %) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in agrocoenoses (6.7 %), alluvia (8.5 %) and ecotones (7.5 %). Log-linear analysis performed in A. agrarius indicates that type of habitat and sexual activity affect the seropositivity to Toxocara infection. The highest seroprevalence was observed in alluvium (21.2 %) while the lowest in windbreak (1.8 %) (χ2 = 17.232, p < 0.001) and sexually active mice were characterised by 22.5 % and sexually inactive by 6.4 % seroprevalence (χ2 = 30.634, p < 0.001). The occurrence pattern of toxocarosis in small rodents suggests that they are permanent reservoirs for Toxocara spp. in nature and significant indicators of Toxocara egg contamination in environs.
Microtrema barusi gen. n. and sp. n. (Digenea: Phaneropsolidae) from Prunella modularis (Aves, Passeriformes) in the Czech Republic
Authors: Sitko J.
Published: May 2013

Microtrema gen. n. and Microtrema barusi sp. n. are described from the intestine of Prunella modularis in the Czech Republic. Genus and species have the following features: Body claviform, widest in region of ventral sucker. Tegument densely covered with tiny spines. Suckers small, widely separated. Oral sucker globular, subterminal. Ventral sucker globular, equatorial. Prepharynx very short or absent. Pharynx small, fine. Oesophagus divided into two short intestinal branches ending blindly anterior to testes. Testes globular, lateral, in region of ventral sucker. Vesicula seminalis small, genital pore in short distance before ventral sucker and opening of uterus. Bursa cirri and cirrus absent. Ovary globular, median, between testes. Mehlis’ gland long oval, posterior to ovary. Vitellarium weakly developed, in two lateral clusters composed of small follicles. Uterus in posterior part of body, with many eggs, covering vitellarium and partly ventral sucker. Excretory vesicle V-shaped, pore terminal.
Venolymphatic Malformation of the Proximal Gastrocnemius Muscle in a Girl
Authors: Skabelund Jeremy , Andrews Robert S.
Published: May 2013

The patient was an 8-year-old girl who was referred to a physical therapist by her pediatrician for a chief complaint of worsening proximal right calf pain and progressive right-sided toe walking for the past 6 weeks. Due to concern that the patient's symptoms were nonmusculoskeletal in nature, the physical therapist discussed the history and physical examination findings with the patient's pediatrician and an orthopaedic surgeon. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging and percutaneous biopsy led to a diagnosis of a low-flow venolymphatic malformation of the proximal gastrocnemius muscle.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(5):349. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0408
Exploring a Practice-Based Approach to Foreign Language Teacher Preparation: A Work in Progress
Authors: Troyan Francis J. , Davin Kristin J. , Donato Richard
Published: May 2013

Abstract:

This article describes the implementation of a practice-based approach to foreign language (FL) teacher preparation. After briefly framing the discussion in relation to the literature on the practice-based approach in teacher education – including Phase I of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) Research Priorities – we present the implementation and integration of this approach in the context of FL teacher preparation. The successes and challenges encountered throughout the implementation experience are discussed, and recommendations are made for practice-based course design in FL teacher preparation programs and for future research on the practice-based approach.
Determining Adverse Events in Patients with Neck Pain Receiving Orthopaedic Manual Physiotherapy: A Pilot and Feasibility Study
Authors: Carlesso Lisa C. , Macdermid Joy C. , Santaguida P. Lina , Thabane Lehana
Published: May 2013

Purpose: To pilot and determine the feasibility of estimating adverse events in patients with neck pain treated with cervical manipulation/mobilization by Canadian orthopaedic manual physiotherapists (OMPTs) using an online data-collection system to provide estimates for a future larger multi-centre international study. Methods: In a prospective multi-site two-group cohort study, participants received usual care and either (a) combined manipulation and mobilization or (b) mobilization only. Study feasibility objectives and criteria for success were set a priori. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 20 patients were recruited from 6 of 16 participating centres, 17 to the mobilization group and 3 to the combined group. Barriers to data collection included low recruitment, difficulties in using the online data-collection system, and clinicians' and patients' being too busy to participate. Missing data for the primary outcome averaged 28.5%. A total of 69 symptom occurrences were reported during the treatment phase, all benign and transient. Most began within 0–12 hours after treatment (66/69, 95.6%) and lasted for 0–2 days (56/69, 81.2%). Kappa estimates of agreement between therapists and patients on reporting of adverse symptoms across visits 1–5 was substantial (κ=0.68; 95% CI, 0.52–0.84; p<0.01). Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrates substantial challenges in conducting a large multi-centre trial. Brief, benign, and transient adverse events were common; no substantial adverse events were observed.
INJUSTICE AMPLIFIED BY HIV NON-DISCLOSURE RULING
Authors: Symington Alison
Published: May 2013

This article notes that the Supreme Court’s punitive approach in Mabior and DC is out of step with recent scientific and medical advancements with respect to HIV transmission and treatment. It argues that while the Court set out a risk-based test to determine when HIV disclosure is legally required, it did not appropriately weigh the evidence regarding the risk of HIV transmission. It predicts that the judgment will have an unfair and disproportionate impact on already marginalized people, including newcomers, those in violent relationships, and those without access to treatment. Finally, it questions whether the new legal test for HIV non-disclosure cases reflects Charter values.
THE OVER-CRIMINALIZATION OF PERSONS WITH HIV
Authors: Grant Isabel
Published: May 2013

This article argues that the Court has over criminalized HIV nondisclosure through treating all cases where there is a realistic possibility of transmission as aggravated sexual assault regardless of whether transmission of the virus takes place. It argues that there is no other context in which a remote possibility of a harm, where that harm is not realized, constitutes our most serious form of sexual assault and suggests that this over-criminalization of HIV is a result of a pattern of exceptionalism in which persons with HIV are singled out for disadvantageous treatment because of the stigma that has built up around the condition. Finally, the article notes the lengths the Court went to acquit DC in R v DC and suggests this reflects the Court’s own discomfort with the Mabior test.
The Challenge of Decolonization School History Textbooks as Media and Objects of the Postcolonial Politics of Memory in France since the 1960s
Authors: Otto Marcus
Published: May 2013

This article analyzes how the fundamental challenge of decolonization has resonated in history textbooks published in France since the 1960s. It therefore contextualizes textbook knowledge within different areas of society and focuses on predominant discourses that influenced history textbooks' (post)colonial representations in the period examined. These discourses encompass the crisis of Western civilization, modernization, republican integration, and the postcolonial politics of memory. The author argues that history textbooks have thus become media, as well as objects of an emerging postcolonial politics of memory that involves intense conflicts over immigration and national identity and challenges France's (post)colonial legacy in general.
The Image of Italian Colonialism in Italian History Textbooks for Secondary Schools
Authors: Cajani Luigi
Published: May 2013

This article reconstructs the evolution of the representation of Italian colonialism in history textbooks for upper secondary schools from the Fascist era to the present day. Textbook analysis is conducted here in parallel with the development of Italian historiography, with special attention being paid to the myth of the "good Italian", incapable of war crimes and violence against civilians, that has been cherished by Italian public opinion for a long time. Italian historians have thoroughly reconstructed the crimes perpetrated by the Italian army both in the colonies and in Yugoslavia and Greece during the Second World War, and this issue has slowly entered history textbooks.
Constructing Aboriginal Australians, 1930-1960
Authors: Crawford Keith
Published: May 2013

This article offers a critical exploration of social studies textbooks and allied curriculum materials used in New South Wales primary schools between 1930 and 1960, and of the way in which these texts positioned, discussed, and assessed Aboriginal Australians. With reference to European commitments to Enlightenment philosophies and social Darwinian views of race and culture, the author argues that Aboriginal peoples were essentialized via a discourse of paternalism and cultural and biological inferiority. Thus othered in narratives of Australian identity and national progress, Aboriginal Australians were ascribed a role as marginalized spectators or as a primitive and disappearing anachronism.
Space-occupying cerebellar infarction: complications, treatment, and outcome
Authors: Neugebauer Hermann , Witsch Jens , Zweckberger Klaus , Jüttler Eric
Published: May 2013

Space-occupying brain edema is a frequent and one of the most dreaded complications in ischemic cerebellar stroke. Because the tight posterior fossa provides little compensating space, any space-occupying lesion can lead to life-threatening complications through brainstem compression or compression of the fourth ventricle and subsequent hydrocephalus, both of which may portend transtentorial/transforaminal herniation. Patients with large cerebellar infarcts should be treated and monitored very early on in an experienced stroke unit or (neuro)intensive care unit. The general treatment of ischemic cerebellar infarction does not differ from that of supratentorial ischemic strokes. Treatment strategies for space-occupying edema include pharmacological antiedema and intracranial pressure–lowering therapies, ventricular drainage by means of an extraventricular drain, and suboccipital decompressive surgery, with or without resection of necrotic tissue. Timely escalation of treatment is crucial and should be guided by clinical and neuroradiological rationales. Patients in a coma after hydrocephalus and/or local brainstem compression may also benefit from more aggressive surgical treatment, as long as the conditions are reversible. Contrary to the general belief that outcome in survivors of space-occupying cerebellar stroke is usually good, recent studies suggest that for many of these patients, the long-term outcome is not good. In particular, advanced age and additional brainstem infarction seem to be predictors for poor outcome. Further trials are necessary to investigate these findings systematically and provide better selection criteria to help guide decisions about surgical therapies, which should always be carried out in close cooperation among neurointensive care physicians, neurologists, and neurosurgeons.
The role of anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and their reversal strategies in the management of intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: James Robert F. , Palys Viktoras , Lomboy Jason R. , Lamm J. Richard , Simon Scott D.
Published: May 2013

New anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications have been approved and are prescribed with increased frequency. Intracranial hemorrhage is associated with the use of these medications. Therefore, neurosurgeons need to be aware of these new medications, how they are different from their predecessors, and the strategies for the urgent reversal of their effects. Utilization of intraluminal stents by endovascular neurosurgeons has resulted in the need to have a thorough understanding of antiplatelet agents. Increased use of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban as oral anticoagulants for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and acute deep venous thrombosis has increased despite the lack of known antidotes to these medications.
Private Edge Domination Number of a Graph
Authors: S Kavitha , C. S Robinson
Published: May 2013

A set    is said to be a private edge dominating set, if it is an edge dominating set, for every has at least one external private neighbor in . Let  and  denote the minimum and maximum cardinalities, respectively, of a private edge dominating sets in a graph . In this paper we characterize connected graph for which ? q/2 and the graph for some upper bounds. The private edge domination numbers of several classes of graphs are determined.Keywords: Edge domination; Perfect domination; Private domination; Edge irredundant sets.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i2.12024         J. Sci. Res. 5 (2), 283-294 (2013)
Ni-Cu-Zn Ferrite Research: A Brief Review
Authors: Huq M. F. , Saha D. K. , Ahmed R. , Mahmood Z. H.
Published: May 2013

The temperature at which the ferrite is sintered critically depends on the chemical composition. The electromagnetic properties are dependent on the densification and microstructure. Substitutions and addition of sintering aids is an attractive approach to enhance the electromagnetic properties. Various compositions in the system Ni1-x-yCuxZnyFe2O4 were investigated. Cu is used to decrease the sintering temperature. However, Cu decreases the resistivity, which is not desirable for its high frequency applications. So, optimization of Cu content is necessary. Different ranges of electromagnetic properties have been reported with various Zn concentrations. Optimization of Zn concentration with respect to Ni and Cu is essential to achieve desirable electromagnetic properties. Influence of rare earths has also been reported. The investigations showed an improved densification in Ni-Zn and increased permeability in Cu-Zn ferrite by Sm substitution. La substitutions showed an improved resistivity in Ni-Zn ferrites. Similarly, these substitutions may improve the electromagnetic properties in Ni-Cu-Zn ferrites. V2O5, MoO3 and Bi2O3 were reported to be the most widely used sintering additives. Bi2O3-WO3 and V2O5-MoO3 mixed additives were better than the individual additives in Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite, respectively. Further research is needed on the mixed sintering additivesKeywords: Additives; Ferrite preparation; Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite; Rare Earth; Sintering aids.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i2.12434 J. Sci. Res. 5 (2), 215-233 (2013)
Study of GPS derived Total Electron Content and Scintillation Index variations over Indian Arctic and Antarctic stations
Authors: Bhawre P. , Gwal A. K. , Mansoori A. A. , Khan P. A.
Published: May 2013

In the present study we have investigated the monthly and seasonal variability of total electron content (TEC) and amplitude scintillation index (S4) over two Indian polar stations Maitri (Antarctic) and Ny-Alesund (Arctic), during the low solar activity period 2008. We have used the Novatels dual frequency GPS receiver GSV4004A to accomplish this study. From our analysis we observed that TEC achieves its highest values during the months of November and December while during the month of May and June the lowest values of TEC were recorded at Maitri station. Similarly during summer season the highest values of TEC are recorded while in winter season lowest values of TEC are observed. The scintillations that occurred during the year 2008 at Maitri as well as at Ny-Alesund were generally found to be of weak type (S4?0.1), although few cases of moderate (S4?0.3) and strong (S4?0.5) scintillation were also observed. The occurrence characteristics of scintillations showed that maximum scintillations at Maitri occur during the month of July and August while least scintillations occur during the month of January and February. This type of ionospheric variability can be explained on the basis of solar irradiance at Polar Regions.Keywords: Total electron content; Scintillation index; Polar ionosphere.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i2.12724        J. Sci. Res. 5 (2), 255-264 (2013)
Shallow Graves: Toward a Philosophical Comedy of Tears Over the Serial Dying of Gods
Authors: Blanton Ward , Sherwood Yvonne
Published: May 2013

Recent debates about the legacy (and, sometimes, surpassing) of Derridean philosophy have often oriented themselves around questions of a new austerity in relation to the implicit philosophical functioning of God. Indeed, an increasing philosophical vigilance about the death or nonexistence of God has begun to be presented as a hallmark of recent criticisms of earlier receptions of Derrida and, by way of messianic structures of time, of Derridean politics as well. We argue that the inflating value of atheism in recent texts operates most effectively within a broader forgetfulness of the many modes in which a serial dying of gods constitutes a more fundamental quality of the religio-political archive than the stability or life of these gods. We find, moreover, there to be something comical about a reconfiguration of the ontotheological archive around a tableau of serially dying Gods, this God who cannot stabilize or maintain for long any system of divine life support. Most importantly, we find that our sense of comedy is itself indicative of important shifts within the stylistics of Derridean discussions of auto-immunity and supplement which have yet to be worked through with any real seriousness. In this respect, our reflections pair Bergson's reflections on the universe as a ‘machine for the manufacture of gods’ with Bergson's explorations of comedy as a fundamentally mechanical affair. The serially dying gods of our religious and philosophical traditions are best understood in the same modes as Bergson's comedy, often marked by an automatism of everyday mechanisms of life which outlive their useful functioning.
Tableau Before the Law: Albert Camus' The Fall After Deconstruction
Authors: Sheaffer-Jones Caroline
Published: May 2013

At the beginning of Derrida's ‘Before the Law’, a reading of Kafka's story with that title, is an epigraph from Montaigne's Essays: ‘… science does likewise (and even our law, it is said, has legitimate fictions on which it bases the truth of its justice)…’. Derrida again refers to this quotation in ‘Force of Law’, asking what a ‘legitimate fiction’ might be and what it would mean to establish the basis for the truth of justice. With reference to these writings on the status of narrative and the law, as well as to other texts by Derrida, this paper examines the story of the judge-penitent in Camus' The Fall and, in particular, this ironic reading of the aporetic experience of standing ‘before the law’. What does the narrative, The Fall, entail? Camus writes that the man who speaks in this text is involved in a ‘calculated confession’. How are the borders between truth and fiction, justice and the law, negotiated in this reckoning ‘before the law’?
Riding the Wave: History, Definitions, and a Proposed Typology of Surf-riding Tourism
Authors: Orams Mark B. , Towner Nick
Published: May 2013

Surfing has evolved from a fringe counterculture recreational activity to a multibillion dollar global industry with a diverse range of equipment and millions of participants. The growth and influence of surfing, in its myriad of forms, has not been widely researched and is scarcely
reported in the aca- demic literature. This article reviews the history and development of surfing, offers definitions of surf-riding and surf-riding tourism, and proposes a typology that classifies surf-riding on the basis of four categories. Hard-core surf-riders are dedicated, focused,
and have high levels of ability and commitment. recreational surf-riders range from competent to expert in ability, but they seek the "stoke" of surfing through participation, surfing a wide range of wave types and surfing as well as they can. Casual surf-riders are novices who engage in surf-riding
or attempting to ride waves as part of a wider beach and water recreational experience. "kooks" are surf-riders characterized by a mismatch between their ability and the conditions they venture out into. Each of these types of surf-riders repre- sents a different sector of the surf-riding
tourism market. The surf-riding typology proposed in this article can be used as a basis for understanding the activities more clearly and as a framework for future research.
Effect of Collaborative Care on Cost Variation in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Garland Allan
Published: May 2013

Background

Improving the cost-effectiveness of health care requires an understanding of the genesis of health care costs and in particular the sources of cost variation. Little is known about how multiple physicians, caring collaboratively for patients, contribute to costs.

Objective

To explore the effect of collaborative care by physicians on variation in discretionary costs in an intensive care unit (ICU) by determining the contributions of the attending intensivists and ICU fellows.

Methods

Prospective, observational study using a multivariable model of median discretionary costs for the first day in the ICU, adjusting for confounding variables. Analysis included 3514 patients who spent more than 2 hours in the ICU on the initial day. Impact of the physicians was assessed via variables representing the specific intensivist and ICU fellow responsible on the first ICU day and allowing for interaction terms.

Results

On the initial day, patients spent a median of 10.6 hours (interquartile range, 6.3–16.5) in the ICU, with median discretionary costs of $1343 (interquartile range, $788–2208). There was large variation in adjusted costs attributable to both the intensivists ($359; 95% CI, $244–$474) and the fellows ($756; 95% CI, $550–$965). The interaction terms were not significant (P = .12–.79).

Conclusions

In an ICU care model with intensivists and subspecialty fellows, both types of physicians contributed significantly to the observed variation in discretionary costs. However, even in the presence of a hierarchical arrangement of clinical responsibilities, the influences on costs of the 2 types of physicians were independent.
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis With Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Authors: Mohyuddin Ghulam Rehman , Al Asad Manar , Scratchko Lindsay , Khaleeq Ghulam
Published: May 2013

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is a rare condition characterized by sterile pustules on erythematous and edematous tissue. Mostly drug induced, this condition can also be caused by other factors. Cases due to vancomycin are rare. A 67-year-old woman with cellulitis of the left lower extremity was admitted with marked bilateral lymphedema of the lower extremities and diffuse erythema of the left lower extremity from foot to knee. She was given clindamycin and then vancomycin. On day 5, her condition worsened, with erythema involving the entire back. Although treatment with clindamycin and vancomycin was discontinued, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis developed. After successful treatment of other complications, the skin condition improved. Because vancomycin is frequently used, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. Because the pustulosis decreases after withdrawal of the causative drug, being able to diagnose and differentiate the abnormality from other conditions is prudent.
Rapid Response Teams: Qualitative Analysis of Their Effectiveness
Authors: Leach Linda Searle , Mayo Ann M.
Published: May 2013

Background

Multidisciplinary rapid response teams focus on patients’ emergent needs and manage critical situations to prevent avoidable deaths. Although research has focused primarily on outcomes, studies of the actual team effectiveness within the teams from multiple perspectives have been limited.

Objective

To describe effectiveness of rapid response teams in a large teaching hospital in California that had been using such teams for 5 years.

Methods

The grounded-theory method was used to discover if substantive theory might emerge from interview and/or observational data. Purposeful sampling was used to conduct in-person semistructured interviews with 17 key informants. Convenience sampling was used for the 9 observed events that involved a rapid response team. Analysis involved use of a concept or indicator model to generate empirical results from the data. Data were coded, compared, and contrasted, and, when appropriate, relationships between concepts were formed.

Results

Dimensions of effective team performance included the concepts of organizational culture, team structure, expertise, communication, and teamwork.

Conclusions

Professionals involved reported that rapid response teams functioned well in managing patients at risk or in crisis; however, unique challenges were identified. Teams were loosely coupled because of the inconsistency of team members from day to day. Team members had little opportunity to develop relationships or team skills. The need for team training may be greater than that among teams that work together regularly under less time pressure to perform. Communication between team members and managing a crisis were critical aspects of an effective response team.