bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Políticas curriculares municipais de educação infantil: uma análise dos materiais pedagógicos
Authors: Castro e Souza Marina , Rezende Nunes Maria Fernanda , Scramingnon Gabriela
Published: July 2023

Este artigo compõe os resultados de uma pesquisa interinstitucional que possui como amostra dez Secretarias Municipais de Educação do estado do Rio de Janeiro (SME) e tem como objetivo analisar materiais pedagógicos compreendendo que estas propostas revelam concepções de currículo na Educação Infantil (EI). A tradição dos contextos escolares de atendimento às crianças pequenas tem compreendido e vivido o currículo como prescrição, como um conjunto de conhecimentos que devem ser transmitidos às crianças visando um suposto progresso, sem considerar os sujeitos envolvidos no processo educativo, com suas histórias e desejos. O trabalho se debruça sobre as seguintes questões: O que se espera que as crianças aprendam? Como trabalhar com as crianças pequenas considerando seus contextos sociais heterogêneos e seus saberes diversos? Quais noções de criança e infância marcam os currículos? O que compõe o currículo da EI? O resultado das análises dos materiais pedagógicos destinados à Educação Infantil, produzidos no período de março a setembro de 2020, disponibilizados nas redes sociais e sites dos municípios pesquisados, devido ao contexto da pandemia, possibilitou refletir sobre três temas: Escola dentro de casa: uma oportunidade de reflexão sobre currículo; Institucionalização e Ensino Infantil; Autonomia e autoria na construção dos materiais pedagógicos. Embora a produção do acervo, composta por um banco de 811 imagens, tenha ocorrido durante a pandemia, o trabalho compartilha da hipótese de que esses achados pouco diferem da tradição da EI já problematizada em outros estudos.
Characteristics of Tongue Pressure and Oro-Motor Functions in Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kang Yu Min , Choi Seong Hee , Lee Kyungjae , Choi Chul-Hee
Published: July 2023

Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor control. This study aims to examine the characteristics of oromotor function and tongue pressure during 5ml water swallowing between patients with PD and normal adults. Methods: 16 patients with PD and 16 normal adults participated in this study. To evaluate oral motor function, the Korean-version of Speech Mechanism Screening Test (SMST) was used. Additionally, the tongue pressure device of Digital Swallowing WorkstationTM (Model 7120, KayPentex, USA) was used to measure three different positions (anterior, middle, posterior) of the tongue pressure during the 5 mL water swallow. Results: PD patients demonstrated significantly reduced oro-motor function, especially in the tongue and lips compared to the normal group. Moreover, significantly lower tongue pressure was detected in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Anterior tongue strength, in particular, showed greater decline in the PD group, but there were no significant differences across the different tongue positions. Conclusion: Declined tongue pressure and oromotor dysfunction can increase the risk of dysphagia in PD. Therefore, tongue pressure measurement can help detect the tongue motor disability related to swallowing and manage for oro-pharyngeal dysaphagia in patients with PD.
Diagnostic testing in small ruminant medicine
Authors: Busin Valentina
Published: July 2023

Diagnostic testing can be a challenging, although very rewarding component of veterinary medicine, which, if carried out with a systematic approach and taking into consideration both history taking/data collection and clinical examination, can enhance the clinician's ability to confidently reach a diagnosis, apply the appropriate changes and/or control measures and, in the end, provide cost-effective benefits to the overall health and management of small ruminants. Many diagnostics tests are available for small ruminants, and the difficulty is to know which are the most appropriate for the disease/condition in questions, taking into consideration economic factors, the performance of the test(s) and the sampling methodology. Finally, new technologies have arisen in the last few years, which will be of particular interest to overcome some of the challenges in small ruminant diagnostics.
CRISPR-Cas-Based Genome Editing for Crop Improvement: Progress, Challenges and Future Prospects
Authors: Ntsomboh-Ntsefong Godswill , Seyum Essubalew Getachew , Kingsley Tabi Mbi , Kassie Fentanesh Chekole , Toukam Gabriel Mahbou Somo , Ali Shariati Mohammad , Hristova Vesna Karapetkovska , Martin Bell Joseph , Emmanuel Youmbi
Published: July 2023

The discovery of the CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology has opened up new opportunities for crop improvement through precise genetic modifications. This new technology has shown great promise in improving crop yields, quality, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review presents the recent advances in CRISPR-Cas technology, including new tools and techniques for precise genome editing, as well as the challenges associated with off-target effects and unintended consequences. It explores the applications of CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing in different crops, including maize, rice, wheat, and tomato, highlighting the progress achieved in improving important traits such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, and nutrient content. The regulatory concerns around CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing, as well as the ethical considerations associated with this technology are also adressed. Finally, insights into the potential impact of CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing on crop breeding and food security, and the challenges that need to be addressed to fully realize its potential are provided. This review thus highlights the potential of CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing in crop improvement and emphasizes the importance of continued research in this area for sustainable agricultural production.
Oral Health Literacy and Health Seeking Behavior of Older Adults in Rural Community
Authors:   Geriatric Dentistry Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Janrak Nontakan , Chatiketu Piyanart ,   Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Wanichsaithong Pinpinut ,   Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Nirunsittirat Areerat ,   Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Published: July 2023

Objectives: This community-based cross-sectional study aimed to examine health information seeking behavior regarding oral health and oral health literacy and their relationship in older adults. Methods: The research was conducted with 432 participants from the rural area of, Noen Maprang District, Phitsanulok province, Northern Thailand. To measure oral health literacy, modified Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Dentistry for Older Adults was used. The adapted questionnaire was used to collect health information seeking behavior in the past 3 months. Results: Only 12.3% demonstrated adequate oral health literacy. Some 27.1% presented active health information seeking behavior, 57.3% presented passive health information seeking behavior and 15.6% had never obtained or sought any oral health information. The association between health information seeking behavior and oral health literacy could not be observed. Television, health personnel, family members/relatives and village health volunteers were the most popular information sources. Conclusions: By adding oral health information and improving skills of oral health information for village health volunteers, it is possible to develop oral health literacy in older adults in rural areas.
Associations Between Oral Health Literacy and Oral Health Status Among Patients Attending Comprehensive Dental Clinic
Authors:   Phan Hospital, Thailand, Chaisombat Monthalee , Kootrakul Borriboon ,   Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Wanichsaithong Pinpinut ,   Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Chatiketu Piyanart ,   Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Published: July 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between oral health literacy (OHL), oral health status (OHS), and utilization of dental services among maintenance patients. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study. Participants were maintenance patients attending the Comprehensive Dental Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University from January to April 2021. Information about the participant’s demographic details, including education, and income were collected using a questionnaire. The Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth index (DMFT), Plaque Index (PI), and utilization of dental service were obtained from the electronic dental record. OHL was assessed using the Thai Version of Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (ThREALD-30). Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 130 participants were recruited for this study. The mean age of participants was 51.1 years. The mean ThREALD-30 score was 26.7±3.76. The OHL scores were significantly negatively correlated with DMFT (r=-0.356; p= 0.002), PI (r=-0.398; p<0.001), and utilization of dental services (r=-0.35, p<0.001). After adjusting for age, gender, education and income, OHL was significantly associated with DMFT (OR=1.36; p=0.001), and PI (OR=1.26; p=0.006). Conclusions: OHL was associated with OHS. Patients with high OHL had good OHS with regular annual dental examinations. An understanding of the OHL of patients is crucial for designing effective oral health education and creating intervention programs to promote oral health
Decreased Activity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis after Acute Aerobic Exercise in Obese Women
Authors:   Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia, Merawati Desiana ,   Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia, Pranoto Adi ,   Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Susanto Hendra ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
Published: July 2023

Abstract The increase of cortisol hormone and blood pressure indicates the active Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (HPA-axis) and Sympathetic-Adreno-Medullary-axis (SAM-axis). Someone with obesity tends to have a more active HPA-axis and SAM-axis. Exercise is proclaimed as an effective model to reduce the HPA-axis and SAM-axis activities. This study aims to describe the HPA-axis and SAM-axis activities on the moderate-intensity aerobic. The participants of this study were 20 obese female teenagers aged 20 to 24 years old with sufficient physical fitness. They were divided into three groups of CTL (n=7, control group), IAE (n=7, interval time aerobic exercise) and CAE (n=7, continuously aerobic exercise). IAE was carried out with moderate-intensity running followed by active recovery through low-intensity running with five repetitions. It was carried out for 35 minutes. The CAE was carried out with moderate-intensity continuously running for 30 minutes. Both IAE and CAE were completed using treadmills. The HPA-axis was estimated using cortisol hormone indicator, while the cortisol hormone was measured using ELISA Kit. The SAM-axis was examined using the heart response. The data were analyzed using a One-Way ANOVA test with SPSS version 21. The results suggest significant different cortisol hormone secretion between before and after the moderate-intensity interval time and continuously aerobic exercise (P ≤ 0.01). Different blood pressure and heartbeat were also observed before and after the aerobic (P ≤ 0.01). Moderate-intensity interval time and continuously aerobic exercise reduces cortisol hormone secretion, blood pressure, and heartbeat, thus, it lessens the HPA-axis and SAM-axis activities. Keywords: HPA-axis, SAM-axis, Aerobic exercise, Obesity
Evaluation of SNP-Based Markers Utilization for Resistance to Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda on Eight Corn Varieties
Authors:   Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Lampung University, Indonesia, Timotiwu Paul Benyamin , . Agustiansyah ,   Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Lampung University, Indonesia, Setiawan Wawan Abdullah ,   Department of Biology, Lampung University, Indonesia, Sudarsono Hamim ,   Department of Plant Protection, Lampung University, Indonesia
Published: July 2023

Abstract The aim of the study was to compare responses of different corn varieties to the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) attack and to map patterns of single nucleotide polymorphism of the RGA genes. The study consisted of two activities, i.e., the field experiment to observe corn damage intensity and the laboratory observation to study the SNP pattern. Field experiment was conducted to compare eight corn varieties set in randomized block design with 3 replications. Damage intensity of the corn due to S. frugiperda attack was observed on the field and the corn samples were analyzed in the laboratory to examine the RGA (resistance gen analogue) which contained single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The results from the field and the laboratory analysis showed that the response of Bisi 321 variety to S. frugiperda attack was better than the other tested varieties. Based on the electrophoresis of the PCR results with the SNP2_MNBS_Alt primer, samples of corn varieties coded as V1 (Pertiwi 5), V3 (P-36), V6 (NK Super), V7 (Exotic), and V8 (Local) produced amplicons with the size of ±150 bp. The samples that did not have amplification were V2 (NK7328), V4 (Bisi 321), and V5 (Bisi 18). There is a possibility that the amplification results may indicate some degrees of tolerance clusters of corn varieties to S. frugiperda attack. Further validation is required to apply the SNP-based markers of corn to develop tolerant or resistant varieties. Keywords: Spodoptera frugiperda, RGA, SNP, Corn
Does Pemphigus Vulgaris Affect Oral Health Related Quality of Life?
Authors:   Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Salehi Mohammad Reza , Tabesh Adel ,   Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Mahdian Amir Mohammad ,   Graduate Student, Dental Students’ Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Published: July 2023

Abstract Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic disease affecting oral mucosa. Oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) is defined as a multidimensional construct that reflects comfort of people when eating, sleeping and engaging in social interaction, self-esteem, and satisfaction with respect to their oral health. The aim of this study was to measure OHRQoL and its correlation with disease severity of patients with PV. In this cross-sectional study, OHRQoL was measured by chronic oral mucosal disease questionnaire (COMDQ) in 72 patients (45.91 ± 11.45 years old) with PV include 45 (62.5%) women and 27 (37.5%). Finally, the obtained data were analyzed by statistical software. The mean total score of COMDQ in patients with PV was 72.41 ± 9.23. Moreover, mean daily dose of prednisolone corticosteroid was 0.619±0.395 mg/kg. COMDQ score in women was significantly higher than men (P<0.001). COMDQ total scores significantly correlated with daily dose of corticosteroid (P<0.001). Our study suggested that OHRQoL in patients with PV was not acceptable, and it was worse in the female gender that have more severe disease. Therefore, medical management of the underlying disease, as well as social and emotional care facilities seem necessary to improve OHRQoL in PV patients. Keywords: Pemphigus vulgaris, Oral health, Quality of life
Antioxidant, Anti-Tyrosinase, Antiglycation and Safety of Longan Leaf Extract for Cosmeceutical Application
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand, Doungsaard Pimjai , Chansakaow Sunee ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand, Poomanee Worrapan ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand,   Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand, Sirithunyalug Jakkapan ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand, Intasai Nutjeera ,   Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand, Leelapornpisid Pimporn ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand,   Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
Published: July 2023

Abstract Many potential bioactive phytoconstituents in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) leaf have been reported. Most chemical compounds belong to either phenolics or flavonoids, known as potent antioxidants. This research explores the multifunctional potential as a bioactive cosmetic ingredient used in skin care for adding value to longan leaves. The dried powder of longan leaves was extracted with 50%(v/v) ethanol in de-ionized water, then quantified for total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The hydroethanolic extract was investigated for various antioxidant methods including DPPH, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. The anti-tyrosinase activity was also evaluated for skin-whitening properties. Furthermore, Anti-aging activity in term of antiglycation was also conducted. The high number of polyphenols within the extract possessed a high antioxidant potential with IC50 0.023 ± 0.002, 0.478 ± 0.033 and 1.495 ± 0.153 mg/ml for DPPH scavenging, NO scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition, respectively. The extract could inhibit the tyrosinase enzyme with IC50 4.90 ± 0.50 and 6.60 ± 0.18 mg/ml for L-tyrosine and L-DOPA as substrates. The extract also exhibited a potent antiglycation activity with IC50 0.023 ± 0.003 mg/ml. Moreover, it showed no irritation effect on the chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) within 5 min using the Hen’s Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membranes (HET-CAMs). In conclusion, the polyphenolic-rich longan leaf extract displayed a good antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and excellent antiglycation potential with safety that could constitute a promising multifunctional bioactive ingredient for skin care cosmeceutical products. Keywords: Longan leaf extract, Antioxidants, Anti-tyrosinase, Antiglycation, Irritation, HET-CAMs, Cosmeceutical
Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on growth performance, blood hematology, immunity, carcass, and meat quality of Mae Hong Son chicken
Authors:   Division of Animal Sciences, Faculty of “Agricultural Technology and Agro-industry, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand, Marupanthorn Kulisara ,   Division of Organic Agriculture Innovation, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand, Krutthai Nuttawut ,   Division of Animal Sciences, Faculty of “Agricultural Technology and Agro-industry, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand, Wattanakul Watcharapong ,   Division of Animal Sciences, Faculty of “Agricultural Technology and Agro-industry, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand, Kedpanyapong Wisit ,   Division of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi. Ayutthaya, 13000, Thailand, Setthaya Phatthawin ,   Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Chaiwang Niraporn ,   Division of Animal Sciences, Faculty of “Agricultural Technology and Agro-industry, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand
Published: July 2023

Moringa oleifera is a nutrient-rich plant with a wide range of beneficial effects on chicken and chicken products. Mae Hong Son chickens, a variety of Thai native poultry, are renowned for their exceptional meat quality, distinct flavor, and remarkable tenderness. Therefore, this present study aimed to investigate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) on growth performance, blood hematology and immunity, carcass, and meat quality of Mae Hong Son chickens, respectively. Briefly, 200 birds of Mae Hong Son chickens were subsequently divided into 4 groups, each containing 50 birds. They were fed for 16 weeks with different supplementary as follows: 1. Control group 2. Placebo (maltodextrin + microcrystalline cellulose PH101) 3. 2% of MOLE extract supplementation and 4. 4% of MOLE extract supplementation. The results showed that T4 achieved the best outcomes in terms of body weight and average daily gain, while also having the lowest total white blood cell (WBC) count and the highest ND HI titer at 12 weeks old (p < 0.05). On the other hand, T1 had the highest fat percentage and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values in both the thigh and breast (p < 0.05). Additionally, the shear force of T1 was the lowest, both in the thigh and breast (p < 0.05). In summary, the potential of MOLE could improve growth performance, hematological parameters, immune response, and meat quality in Thai native chicken production.
Cryoprotective effect of sericin on re-freezing of bull spermatozoa and subsequent embryonic development after in vitro fertilization
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of agriculture Forestry, Champasack University of Laos, Champasack Province 16000, Laos PDR, Saphungthong Boualy , Thammawung Sujira ,   Saraburi Artificial Insemenation Research and Biotechnology Center, Deparment of Livestok Development, Saraburi 18260, Thailand., Sirisathien Saksiri ,   Division of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon-Kaen University, Khon-Kaen 40002, Thailand
Published: July 2023

Sericin, a protein produced by silk worm, has been used to improve quality of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in several species. However, the cryoprotective effect of sericin on re-freezing of spermatozoa has not been reported. This study was conducted to investigate the putative cryoprotective effect of sericin on re-freezing of bull spermatozoa followed by an assessment of in vitro fertilizing capacity of sericin-supplemented re-frozen spermatozoa. In experiment 1, the effect of 0.5% sericin supplemented in semen extender on re-freezing of spermatozoa was examined. Highly motile frozen-thawed spermatozoa were prepared with Percoll discontinuous gradient centrifugation prior to re-freezing. Refrozen-thawed spermatozoa were examined for motility, viability, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity. In experiment 2, the effect of sericinsupplemented re-frozen spermatozoa on fertilizing capacity and subsequent embryonic development were determined using in vitro embryo production approach. Bovine oocytes were fertilized with three groups spermatozoa, re-frozen/control, re-frozen/sericin, and once frozen. The results showed that the total motility of re-frozen thawed spermatozoa in the sericin supplemented group was higher (53.9 % vs. 41.5%, p<0.05) than that of the control group whereas viability, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity were unaffected. The proportion of cleaved oocytes in re-frozen/sericin-supplemented group was comparable to those in the re-frozen/control and once frozen groups. Additionally, the percentages of blastocyst development from cleaved oocytes were similar among the three groups. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that pretreatment of frozen-thawed spermatozoa with 0.5% sericin improved motility after re-frozen thawed without affecting the in vitro fertilizing capacity and subsequent embryonic development.
Antibiotic resistance genes in farm animal slaughterhouse wastes in Al-Dewanyiah province, Iraq
Authors:   Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al- Diwaniyah, Iraq, Alsultan Amjed , Al-sallami Dhama ,   Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al- Dewaniyah 58001, Iraq, Alsaadi Mohammed ,   Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al- Dewaniyah 58001, Iraq
Published: July 2023

Environment represents as a reservoir for emerging and disseminating of antibiotic resistance genes. Slaughterhouse waste is one of the important sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) even after treatment processes. This study was conducted to evaluate role of farm animal slaughterhouse in dissemination of antibiotics resistance in Al-Dewanyiah, Iraq. A total of eighty samples were collected from the central farm animal slaughterhouse. The detection was based on three mobile genetic elements and nine antibiotic resistance genes. The results showed that tetO & tetK are common resistance genes in the tested samples with great relative abundance 60%. While, MGE transposon (Tn3) was detected in 80% of the tested samples. Gene encoding resistance to quinolone, methicillin, aminoglycoside and β-lactamases were also detected in the tested samples. Presence of three class of integrons as a mobile genetic were tested and the results of type 1 recorded high abundance (P>0.05) as a compare with type 2 and type 3 integrons. Furthermore, concentrations of ARGs and MGEs per gram of sample were tested using qPCR. The genes encoding for tetracycline resistance and transposon (Tn3) were found in higher concentration (P>0.05) (copy number) per gram of slaughterhouse sediments comparing with the selected genes. Quantification of ARGs and MGEs in the slaughterhouse wastes indicates that those wastes represent as a hotspot for dissemination of antibiotic resistance to the environment. Low darning and no treatment for slaughterhouse wastes might increase abundance of ARGs and resistant bacteria in the natural environment.
Impact of Heart Rate Variability on Physiological Stress: Systematic Review
Authors: Farhan Amr , Lyazidi Aissam , Labakoum Badreddine , Rattal Mourad , Mouhsen Azeddine
Published: July 2023

Chronic stress overactivates the sympathetic nervous system, which alters the body, mind, and behavior. Purpose Stress can indeed be employed to preserve homeostasis when there is a physical or mental imbalance brought on by damaging stimuli. Currently, there isn't a standard reference point for quantifying stress. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to assess studies that support the use of heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of stress. Methods and Materials: Studies concerning HRV that have been published in bibliographic database from 2013 to 2023 were firstly selected. A total of 181 articles were found, 69 in Elsevier, 51 in Google Scholar, 38 PubMed, and 23 in other databases. The criteria selected were human study, HRV reactivity and the HRV as an objective indicator of psychological stress. Only human study was restrained. Finally, ten publications that fit criteria were found. Results: Majority of research selected found that HRV components changed in response to stress brought on by diverse techniques. The most often cited component associated with variance in HRV variables was a drop in the high-frequency band and an increase in the low-frequency band, both of which are markers of diminished parasympathetic activity. HRV may be related to cortical areas that are engaged in evaluating stressful situations, according to neuroimaging research. Conclusion: The findings support the use of HRV for the purpose of evaluating stress and mental health objectively, and neurobiological data suggests that HRV is impacted by stress reactions.
Phytochemical Profiling and Evaluation for Anti-oxidant, Thrombolytic, and Antimicrobial Activities of Moringa oleifera Lam Leaves Extracts
Authors: Amee Khandokar Nabila Sultana , Islam Zahirul , Sumi Ferdousi Jahan , Mondol Mohammad Ibrahim , Soma Mahfuza Afroz , Or-Rashid Md. Harun- , Shahid Md. Iqbal , Hossain Md. Jamal , Hasan Raquibul , Sarker Md. Moklesur Rahman
Published: July 2023

The present study was undertaken for phytochemical screening as well as evaluating in vitro antioxidant, thrombolytic, and antimicrobial properties of crude methanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam leaf and its diversified extractives. The antioxidant potential was investigated by ascertaining the capability of the samples to DPPH scavenging with phenol compositions estimated. Besides, thrombolytic and antibacterial properties were assessed following clot lysis and disc diffusion methods, respectively. All fractions were found to contain flavonoids, reducing sugars, tannins, gums, saponins, and quinines, while ME, PESF and CTSF comprise glycosides, steroids, and terpenoids. In the antioxidant activity assay, CTSF possessed the uppermost phenolic content (34.38 mg of GAE/gm) and the scavengers of DPPH free radicals potential with IC50 value of 2.96 µg/mL associated to the standard drug ascorbic acid (2.48µg/mL). AQSF displayed the highest percentage of clot lysis (25.00%), compared to the conventional drug streptokinase (63.74%). The methanol extract, PESF and CSF of M. oleifera displayed antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms. Therefore, the outcomes of the existing study were accompanied by the validation of the antioxidant, thrombolytic, and antimicrobial properties of M. oleifera leaves, which justified the plant's use in traditional medicine.
Comparison Between Maternal Blood Glucose and Fetal Cord Insulin Level Among Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Women
Authors: Brethis C. S. , Hemalathaa R , Rajendiran Ramyaa , A Sumitha , P Navneeth , A Amalnath
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Offspring of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) mothers are at high risk of developing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM), and cardiovascular complications later in life. So, screening maternal blood glucose during pregnancy and identifying high-risk infants immediately after birth is necessary to prevent the potential long-term implications. Aim: To correlate the maternal fasting and post-prandial blood glucose withfetal insulin level. Materials and methods:A case-control study, was conducted at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, India, between May 2019 to May 2020. A 75-gram OGTT was performed among pregnant women between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy for diagnosing GDM according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines. 94 GDM mothers and Non-GDM mothers and theirnew-bornswere taken up for this study. 2.5ml of maternal venous blood was collected in a vacutainer containing sodium fluoride and EDTA as an anticoagulant for FBS and PPBS estimation. Some mothers on induction of labor were posted for emergency LSCS (for failed induction and non - progression of labor) and some had normal vaginal deliveries. Plasma FBS and PPBS estimation in the mother’s blood sample was assayed by the Hexokinase method in Siemen'sDimension RxLMachine immediately after centrifugation. 2.5ml of umbilical cord blood was collected in a vacutainer without an anticoagulant after the 2nd stage of labor. 0.5 ml of cord blood serum was separated and stored at -80°C in an eppendorf for later estimation of insulin by CLIA method in Beckman Coulter – Access 2 Immunoassay System. Independent students’ t-tests and Pearson’s correlation were used as statistical methods. p-value <0.05 is considered significant. Results: There is a positive correlation and significant difference between maternal FBS, PPBS, and fetal insulin levels in the GDM group (p-value 0.008, r-value 0.272 and p-value 0.005, r-value 0.286) compared to the Non-GDM group (p-value -0.087, r-value 0.243 and p-value 0.018, r-value 0.212). Conclusion: Significant hyperinsulinemia was noted in the offspring of the GDM group compared to the NON-GDM group.Those hyper-insulinemic babies are at very high risk of developing obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 DM in the future and possess a threat to society.
Male Infertility in Patients with Post-Traumatic Stress is Associated with Increased Serum Lipid Concentration
Authors: Gashi Zafer , Elezaj Shkelzen , Alidema Fitim , Elezaj Gentian , Gashi, Fitore , Gojani Kastriot , Elezaj Liridon , Gashi Fitim
Published: July 2023

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can occur after experiencing or witnessing life-threatening events such as combat operations, terrorist attacks, accidents or violent physical attacks, rape, etc. Its prevalence is high and it very often occurs in comorbidity with other psychiatric and physical disorders. PTSD patients often exhibit dysregulated lipid metabolic profiles. The aim of the research was to determine the biochemical concentration of lipids (TC, TG, HDL, and LDL) in men with post-traumatic stress disorder, veterans of the war in Kosovo, who are being treated for infertility. Our study included 72 male patients with primary and secondary infertility. Patients with PTSD were permanent residents of the Dukagjin region (the cities of Pejë, Istog, Deçan, Klinë) in the Republic of Kosovo. Serum lipid concentrations were determined on the COBAS INTEGRA 400 plus apparatus. To determine male fertility, we analyzed the parameters of human ejaculation according to the latest manual (6th, WHO 2021). Criteria that must be met to confirm the diagnosis of PTSD. The following instruments were used in the research: ITQ (International Trauma Questionnaire). In patients with PTSD, the mean TC values were higher (6.38 ± 1.20) than the without PTSD group (5.28 ± 0.37) (p=0.018), the concentration of bad cholesterol, LDL was higher in PTSD patients than without PTSD patients (4.16 ± 0.31 vs. 3.65 ± 0.49) (p= 0.016), TG also had higher concentrations (2.43 ± 0.64 ) than without PTSD patients (1.78 ± 0.45), (p = 0.036). HDL in PTSD patients (1.17 ± 0.40) was significantly lower in without PTSD patients (2.47 ± 0.50) (p = 0.021). BMI had no statistically significant differences between the two groups; with PTSD and non-PTSD (26.2 vs 25.6) (p=0.430). In conclusion, biochemical analyzes of the lipid profile of PTSD patients will help clinicians to reduce the possibility of vascular disease in this population during the treatment of male infertility.
A Derridean approach to Qatar’s paradox of hospitality
Authors: Abdul-Jabbar Wisam Kh. , Alathba Wadha R.
Published: July 2023

Qatar has been heavily critiqued for its alleged inability to be hospitable to fans and tourists from different cultural, gender, and religious backgrounds (Todman, 2022). It has been damagingly portrayed as an “unwelcoming and closed conservative country” (Al-Ansari & Zahirovic, 2021: 203). This article examines Qatar’s paradoxical positioning of hospitality. It draws on the Derridean notion of hospitality to conceptualize the Qatari cultural and sociopolitical context as being conditioned by “hostipitality,” a term that Derrida coined to explain the contradictory nature of hospitality, “a word which carries its own contradiction incorporated into it, a Latin word which allows itself to be parasitized by its opposite, ‘hostility’” (2000b: 3). This article, therefore, utilizes Derrida’s theory of “hostipitality” to deconstruct the Western mindset of liberalism and the alleged unconditional respect for all. Two examples are used, the Qatari World Cup and Souq Waqif, to further contextualize and problematize the paradoxical positionality of Qatari hospitality. How can applying the Derridean hostipitality help negotiate Qatar’s controversial hospitality positioning? How do the cases of the World Cup and Souq Waqif exemplify the paradoxical aspect of conditioned hospitality? Additionally, the “Ship of Theseus” thought experiment is used to situate the paradox and help reconcile hospitality with hostility to form an emerging conception of negotiated conditioned hospitality. This study invokes the paradox of the “Ship of Theseus” to respond to the Derridean contradictory notion of hostipitality and further problematize Qatar’s positionality of hospitality.
Extreme learning machine and genetic algorithm in quantitative analysis of sulfur hexafluoride by infrared spectroscopy: erratum
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhu Jun , Yin Huan , Yan Qiangqiang , Liu Hong , Guan Shouxin , Cai Qisheng , Sun Jiawen , Yao Shun , Wei Ruyi
Published: July 2023

This erratum reports corrections for the original publication,
Appl. Opt.
61, 2834 (2022)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.450805.
Three-dimensional freeform reflector design with a scattering surface
Authors: Kronberg Vì C. E. , Anthonissen Martijn J. H. , ten Thije Boonkkamp Jan H. M. , IJzerman Wilbert L.
Published: July 2023

We introduce an approach to calculating three-dimensional freeform reflectors with a scattering surface. Our method is based on optimal transport and utilizes a Fredholm integral equation to express scattering. By solving this integral equation through a process analogous to deconvolution, we can recover a typical specular design problem. Consequently, we consider freeform reflector design with a scattering surface as a two-step process wherein the target distribution is first altered to account for scattering, and then the resulting specular problem is solved. We verify our approach using a custom raytracer that implements the surface scattering model we used to derive the Fredholm integral.
Average intensity of Bessel–Gauss beams propagating through Kolmogorov turbulence with the quadratic structure function
Authors: Shishter Yousef M. , Ali Falah H. , Young Rupert C.
Published: July 2023

It is well known that in free space propagations, Bessel–Gauss (BG) beams are non-diffractive, in the sense that over a finite distance the beam mainlobe does not spread. Non-diffraction beams have been found to offer advantages over diffractive beams, for example, in terms of power delivery. However, in random media, such as a turbulent atmosphere, the performance of BG beams is still an active area of research. For example, applying the extended Huygens–Fresnel (EHF) principle results in an intractable expression for the optical field and the average intensity. This work is concerned with finding a closed-form expression for the average intensity of BG beam propagating through weak and strong Kolmogorov turbulence under the quadratic structure function (QSF) assumption. This is achieved by considering the average intensity convolution integral of the free space intensity with the point spread function (PSF). This convolution integral is reduced to a one-dimensional integral that can be easily evaluated in closed form and plotted. Moreover, the beam root mean square (rms) width is also given in terms of one-dimensional integrals. The work presented can be used for assessing the utility of a BG beam for applications in emerging communication systems such as optical wireless communications (OWC).
Elliptical-ring-shaped Talbot effect in uniaxial crystals
Authors: Liu Yingyi , Cheng Jing
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we propose a type of anisotropic elliptical-ring-shaped Talbot effect occurring in uniaxial crystals. The effect is realized by propagating a phase-only periodic elliptical-ring structure in the uniaxial crystal, orthogonal to the optical axis. Both phenomena of self-imaging at the Talbot distance and N-rings to one-ring convergence at the fractional Talbot distance were discussed. Numerical simulations were performed to demonstrate the correctness of theoretical derivation and the existence of the elliptical-ring-shaped Talbot effect. With the specific phase distribution, the N series of periodic elliptical rings of the incident plane will converge to one series of elliptical rings equally spaced at the fractional Talbot distance, where N is an even integer.
Study on the mechanism of high energy transfer efficiency of blue light excited Cr3+, Nd3+ co-doped near infrared phosphors
Authors: Guo Ganggang , Yin Tao , Dong Mengrui , Nie Jianju , Zhang Yayuan , Liu Zhenyang , Wang Fenghe , Guan Li , Li Xu
Published: July 2023

Although Cr3+ as activator for Near infrared (NIR) phosphors has been widely studied, the peaks of Cr3+ emission spectra in most hosts are less than 1000 nm. Nd3+ as an activator in many hosts has a wide distribution of absorption peaks in the Ultraviolet-visible-Near infrared (UV-vis-NIR) band, especially in the 650-900 nm band for effective NIR to NIR Stokes luminescence (4F3/2→4I9/2, 4F3/2→4I11/2 transitions). Therefore, Cr3+, Nd3+ co-doping to achieve the emission in the NIR II region (1000-1700nm) is very meaningful. Here, we report La2CaZrO6(LCZO): Cr3+, Nd3+ NIR phosphors with emission spectra covering an ultra-wide range of 700-1400 nm and reveal their luminescence mechanism. The energy transfer efficiency of Cr3+ for Nd3+ can be as high as 88.4% under 471 nm blue light excitation. In the same case, the integrated intensity of the emission spectra of Cr3+, Nd3+ co-doped can reach 847% of that of Nd3+ alone and 204% of that of Cr3+ alone. Finally, the combination of commercial blue light chips and Cr3+, Nd3+ co-doped NIR phosphors shows great potential for applications in face recognition, night lighting, and angiography.
Structures of the Hepaci-, Pegi-, and Pestiviruses envelope proteins suggest a novel membrane fusion mechanism
Authors: Oliver Michael R. , Toon Kamilla , Lewis Charlotte B. , Devlin Stephen , Gifford Robert J. , Grove Joe
Published: July 2023

Enveloped viruses encode specialised glycoproteins that mediate fusion of viral and host membranes. Discovery and understanding of the molecular mechanisms of fusion have been achieved through structural analyses of glycoproteins from many different viruses, and yet the fusion mechanisms of some viral genera remain unknown. We have employed systematic genome annotation and AlphaFold modelling to predict the structures of the E1E2 glycoproteins from 60 viral species in the Hepacivirus, Pegivirus, and Pestivirus genera. While the predicted structure of E2 varied widely, E1 exhibited a very consistent fold across genera, despite little or no similarity at the sequence level. Critically, the structure of E1 is unlike any other known viral glycoprotein. This suggests that the Hepaci-, Pegi-, and Pestiviruses may possess a common and novel membrane fusion mechanism. Comparison of E1E2 models from various species reveals recurrent features that are likely to be mechanistically important and sheds light on the evolution of membrane fusion in these viral genera. These findings provide new fundamental understanding of viral membrane fusion and are relevant to structure-guided vaccinology.
Mapping the semi-nested community structure of 3D chromosome contact networks
Authors: Bernenko Dolores , Lee Sang Hoon , Stenberg Per , Lizana Ludvig
Published: July 2023

Mammalian DNA folds into 3D structures that facilitate and regulate genetic processes such as transcription, DNA repair, and epigenetics. Several insights derive from chromosome capture methods, such as Hi-C, which allow researchers to construct contact maps depicting 3D interactions among all DNA segment pairs. These maps show a complex cross-scale organization spanning megabase-pair compartments to short-ranged DNA loops. To better understand the organizing principles, several groups analyzed Hi-C data assuming a Russian-doll-like nested hierarchy where DNA regions of similar sizes merge into larger and larger structures. Apart from being a simple and appealing description, this model explains, e.g., the omnipresent chequerboard pattern seen in Hi-C maps, known as A/B compartments, and foreshadows the co-localization of some functionally similar DNA regions. However, while successful, this model is incompatible with the two competing mechanisms that seem to shape a significant part of the chromosomes’ 3D organization: loop extrusion and phase separation. This paper aims to map out the chromosome’s actual folding hierarchy from empirical data. To this end, we take advantage of Hi-C experiments and treat the measured DNA-DNA interactions as a weighted network. From such a network, we extract 3D communities using the generalized Louvain algorithm. This algorithm has a resolution parameter that allows us to scan seamlessly through the community size spectrum, from A/B compartments to topologically associated domains (TADs). By constructing a hierarchical tree connecting these communities, we find that chromosomes are more complex than a perfect hierarchy. Analyzing how communities nest relative to a simple folding model, we found that chromosomes exhibit a significant portion of nested and non-nested community pairs alongside considerable randomness. In addition, by examining nesting and chromatin types, we discovered that nested parts are often associated with active chromatin. These results highlight that cross-scale relationships will be essential components in models aiming to reach a deep understanding of the causal mechanisms of chromosome folding.
“Africans, we know how to adapt indeed”: Adaptations to family planning and reproductive health services in humanitarian settings in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Evens Emily , Ambrose Ashley , Bello Bamidele , Murray Kate , Tefouet Nadia , Fatusi Adesegun , Nwagbara Bridget , Riungu Mercy , Maji Tijani , Khamofu Hadiza , Fotso Jean Christophe , Prata Ndola
Published: July 2023

On March 30, 2020, the Government of Nigeria implemented its first COVID-19 related lockdown. We worked with two humanitarian projects in Nigeria, the Integrated Humanitarian Assistance to Northeast Nigeria (IHANN II) in Borno State and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees South-South Health and Nutrition Intervention (UNHCR-SS-HNIR) for Cameroon Refugees and vulnerable populations in Cross River State, to document the programmatic adaptations to Family Planning/Reproductive Health (FP/RH) services in response to COVID-19 and identify successes and challenges of those adaptations. A mixed methods approach including quantitative analysis of data from routine programmatic activities, qualitative data from in-depth interviews (IDIs) with project staff and process documentation of programmatic activities and modifications was used to 1) identify modifications in FP/RH services due to COVID-19, 2) understand staff perception of their utility and impact, and 3) gauge trends in key FP/RH in-service delivery indicators to assess changes prior to and after the March 2020 lockdown. Monitoring data shows notable declines in service utilization after lockdowns in antenatal care, postnatal care, and outreach campaigns, followed by a return to pre-lockdown levels by July 2020. Results show projects introduced numerous COVID-19 precaution strategies including: community sensitization; triage stations and modification of service flow in facilities; and appointment scheduling for essential services. Findings from IDIs speak to a well-coordinated and implemented COVID-19 response with project staff noting improvements in their time management and interpersonal communication skills. Lessons learned included the need to better sensitize and educate communities, maintain FP commodities and increase support provided to health workers. Deliberate adaptations in IHANN II and UNHCR-SS-HNIR projects turned challenges to opportunities, ensuring continuity of services to the most vulnerable populations.