bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Crack Sizing Method Using Rayleigh Waves Generated by Ultrasonic Phased Arrays
Authors: Verma Bhupesh , Bélanger Pierre
Published: January 2023

Presence of surface breaking cracks on engineering structures such as rails, pressure vessels, turbine blades or pipelines affect the service life. Moreover, if the depth of such cracks is not known, then these parts are typically subjected to direct rejection. Economically this is highly expensive as it can cause the complete disruption of the service. Having an accurate knowledge of crack depth can be used in fracture mechanics analysis to estimate the remaining life of the structure. Among the available nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques, eddy current testing (ECT) is the most widely used method for the detection and sizing of such cracks due to their high sensitivity to surface and near surface defects. However, the size of surface cracks in length and depth requires a complex calibration. Moreover, the depth range is limited by the penetration depth of eddy current. Ultrasonic Rayleigh waves are recently attracting interest for the detection and characterization of surface cracks. The advantages include length and depth sizing as well as the possibility to scan a relatively large area from a limited number of probe positions. The generation of Rayleigh waves can be achieved using piezoelectric transducer, electromagnetic acoustic transducers, air-coupled transducer or laser ultrasound. A considerable research interest on the detection and sizing of surface crack using laser generated Rayleigh waves, has been observed. However, this technique requires extra safety from the users, may require surface preparation and the cost of the equipment is prohibitive. This work presents a method to measure the depth of surface breaking electrical discharged machined (EDM) notches using Rayleigh waves excited and received through conventional ultrasonic phased array probes. Here, the generation of Rayleigh waves is achieved through appropriate delay between the emission of each piezoelectric element of the phased array probe. The time-of-flight (TOF) information of Rayleigh waves and their interaction with the geometry of the notches can be used to size its depth. A two-dimensional finite element (FE) model was used to demonstrate the proposed sizing method. Results obtained from FE simulations show excellent agreement between the measured and simulated true notch depth.
Real-Time Structural Health Monitoring of Concrete Using the Non-Linear Ultrasonic SPC-I Technique
Authors: Amjad Umar , Alnuaimi Hamad , Nikvar-Hassani Arash , Bokhari Imraan , Zhang Lianyang , Kundu Tribikram
Published: January 2023

Continuous monitoring is the most desirable approach for ensuring the health/integrity of concrete structures. It is particularly difficult to monitor concrete structures due to their non-linear nature and random distribution of constituents. Evaluation of properties of concrete as a heterogeneous composite has been performed by various techniques ranging from highly sophisticated physicochemical characterization to mechanical tests. The linear ultrasonic techniques generally measure the time-of-flight or the attenuation of a propagating wave. In recent years, the non-linear ultrasonic techniques have been proven to overcome some of the challenges during concrete curing monitoring. In this investigation, ultrasonic testing is carried out on concrete prism specimens. The specimens are placed in a 4-point loading machine and stressed until failure. Ultrasonic signals are propagated through the specimens using tuned PZT transducers in a transmission mode. The ultrasonic testing is carried out in a continuous real-time way to allow real-time prediction of specimen deterioration before its catastrophic failure. The results show that the traditional linear ultrasonic techniques (such as the first-arrival technique and signal attenuation) cannot detect concrete deterioration before its failure . However, the non-linear ultrasonic technique, i.e., the Sideband Peak Count-Index (SPC-I), is sensitive enough to detect concrete deterioration before its failure. Therefore, the SPC-I technique can be deployed for continuous reliable monitoring of concrete structures.
Structures Inversion and Optimization in Cased-Wells Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Zeng Zhoumo , Wang Xiaocen , Chen Shili , Liu Yang
Published: January 2023

Acoustic logging is a vital branch of geophysical logging and is a geophysical logging method for downhole measurement of rock acoustic properties of formation profiles and evaluation of wellbore formation properties. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on machine learning to tackle the mapping challenge from time-series data to spatial images in the field of geophysical logging, that is, using a fully connected neural network (FCNN) to reconstruct the slowness model from wellbore data. Specifically, forward modeling is to study borehole acoustic signals using finite-difference time-domain method, and generate training and test data sets. The relevant research results indicate that the inversion in borehole imaging based on FCNN approach has a good effect in terms of structure detection and interlayer information presentation, and can also recover detailed slowness information between different layers of the wellbore. And the inversion results are more consistent with the target in terms of slowness values, downhole structures, as well as geological interfaces. Besides, we also optimize the image quality by using bilateral filtering method.
Recommendations for the design of interprofessional education: Findings from a narrative scoping review
Authors: Shakhovskoy Rebekah , Dodd Natalie , Masters Nicole , New Karen , Hamilton Anita , Nash Gregory , Barr Nigel , George Kendall , Pelly Fiona , Reid Carol , Taylor Jane , Bogossian Fiona
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Evidence-based teaching and learning strategies should underpin any educational activity. This is particularly important for interprofessional education (IPE) activities, where there is an expectation that healthcare professions are taught using best available evidence. There is a research–practice gap that this review aims to address by using the current evidence to develop recommendations regarding optimal design components to better inform faculty who design IPE.
Methods: A five-stage scoping review was conducted. Methodological characteristics and IPE design components of primary and review studies were extracted. Three important components of design—participants (level and stage of progression, discipline type and number, group size and ratios), learning constructs (theories, frameworks, learning objectives) and learning approaches (exchange, observation, action, simulation and practice)—were reviewed to develop recommendations regarding effective design.
Results: A total of 41 papers were eligible for inclusion, 24 primary and 17 review studies. The primary studies were predominantly descriptive case studies with 31 disciplines involved in IPE activities across the studies. There was inconsistent reporting of learning constructs utilised in design, and the most reported learning approach was exchange. There was significant variability in the aims and design of the 17 review studies, ranging from systematic reviews to realist reviews, with the number of included studies ranging from six to 104.
Conclusions: There was a lack of detailed reporting regarding design components, which limits the evidence base to inform IPE design. Reported components from the primary studies were augmented by findings from the review studies and the wider literature, which enabled the development of recommendations to assist faculty in the design of IPE programs and activities.
Characterization of proteome-size scaling by integrative omics reveals mechanisms of proliferation control in cancer
Authors: Jones Ian , Dent Lucas , Higo Tomoaki , Roumeliotis Theodoros , Arias Garcia Maria , Shree Hansa , Choudhary Jyoti , Pedersen Malin , Bakal Chris
Published: January 2023

Almost all living cells maintain size uniformity through successive divisions. Proteins that over and underscale with size can act as rheostats, which regulate cell cycle progression. Using a multiomic strategy, we leveraged the heterogeneity of melanoma cell lines to identify peptides, transcripts, and phosphorylation events that differentially scale with cell size. Subscaling proteins are enriched in regulators of the DNA damage response and cell cycle progression, whereas super-scaling proteins included regulators of the cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and inflammatory response. Mathematical modeling suggested that decoupling growth and proliferative signaling may facilitate cell cycle entry over senescence in large cells when mitogenic signaling is decreased. Regression analysis reveals that up-regulation of TP53 or CDKN1A/p21CIP1 is characteristic of proliferative cancer cells with senescent-like sizes/proteomes. This study provides one of the first demonstrations of size-scaling phenomena in cancer and how morphology influences the chemistry of the cell.
Uneven phosphoric acid interfaces with enhanced electrochemical performance for high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Authors: Zhang Zinan , Xia Zhangxun , Huang Jicai , Jing Fenning , Zhang Xiaoming , Li Huanqiao , Wang Suli , Sun Gongquan
Published: January 2023

Ultrahigh mass transport resistance and excessive coverage of the active sites introduced by phosphoric acid (PA) are among the major obstacles that limit the performance of high-temperature polymer fuel cells, especially compared to their low-temperature counterparts. Here, an alternative strategy of electrode design with fibrous networks is developed to optimize the redistribution of acid within the electrode. Via structural tailoring with varied electrospinning parameters, uneven migration of PA with dispersed droplets is observed, subverting the immersion model of conventional porous electrode. Combining with experimental and calculation results, the microscaled uneven PA interfaces could not only provide extra diffusion pathways for oxygen but also minimize the thickness of PA layers. This electrode architecture demonstrates enhanced electrochemical performance of oxygen reduction within the PA phase, resulting in a 28% enhancement of the maximum power density for the optimally designed electrode as cathode compared to that of a conventional one.
Ultrasound-responsive catalytic microbubbles enhance biofilm elimination and immune activation to treat chronic lung infections
Authors: Xiu Weijun , Ren Lili , Xiao Huayu , Zhang Yue , Wang Dou , Yang Kaili , Wang Siyu , Yuwen Lihui , Li Xiao , Dong Heng , Li Qiang , Mou Yongbin , Zhang Yuqian , Yin Zhaowei , Liang Bin , Gao Yu , Wang Lianhui
Published: January 2023

Efficient treatment of chronic lung infections caused by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
biofilms is a great challenge because of drug tolerance and immune evasion issues. Here, we develop ultrasound-responsive catalytic microbubbles with biofilm elimination and immune activation properties to combat chronic lung infection induced by
P. aeruginosa
biofilms. In these microbubbles, piperacillin and Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles form a drug-loaded shell surrounding the air core. Under ultrasound stimulation, the microbubbles can physically disrupt the structure of biofilms and enhance the penetration of both Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles and piperacillin into the biofilm. Then, Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles chemically degrade the biofilm matrix and kill the bacteria with the assistance of piperacillin. Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles can activate the immune response for biofilm elimination by polarizing macrophages into a pro-inflammatory phenotype. These ultrasound-responsive catalytic microbubbles efficiently treat chronic lung infections in a mouse model by combining physical/chemical/antibiotic biofilm elimination and immune activation, thus providing a promising strategy for combating bacterial biofilm infections.
Electro-mechano responsive elastomers with self-tunable conductivity and stiffness
Authors: Yun Guolin , Cole Tim , Zhang Yuxin , Zheng Jiahao , Sun Shuaishuai , Ou-yang Yiming , Shu Jian , Lu Hongda , Zhang Qingtian , Wang Yongjing , Pham Duc , Hasan Tawfique , Li Weihua , Zhang Shiwu , Tang Shi-Yang
Published: January 2023

Materials with programmable conductivity and stiffness offer new design opportunities for next-generation engineered systems in soft robotics and electronic devices. However, existing approaches fail to harness variable electrical and mechanical properties synergistically and lack the ability to self-respond to environmental changes. We report an electro-mechano responsive Field’s metal hybrid elastomer exhibiting variable and tunable conductivity, strain sensitivity, and stiffness. By synergistically harnessing these properties, we demonstrate two applications with over an order of magnitude performance improvement compared to state-of-the-art, including a self-triggered multiaxis compliance compensator for robotic manipulators, and a resettable, highly compact, and fast current-limiting fuse with an adjustable fusing current. We envisage that the extraordinary electromechanical properties of our hybrid elastomer will bring substantial advancements in resilient robotic systems, intelligent instruments, and flexible electronics.
Stacking the odds: Multiple sites for HSV-1 latency
Authors: Wang Shaohui , Song Xueying , Rajewski Alex , Santiskulvong Chintda , Ghiasi Homayon
Published: January 2023

A hallmark of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is the establishment of latent virus in peripheral sensory ganglia of the latently infected host. We and others originally reported that the latency-associated transcript (LAT) is the only abundantly expressed viral gene in neurons within trigeminal ganglia (TG) of a latently infected host. Here, we investigated the possible contribution of various cells [i.e., B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), fibroblasts, glial cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), macrophages, microglia, monocytes, natural killer cells, neurons, neutrophils, and T cells] isolated from TG of latently infected mice. Our results demonstrated that all of these cell types contain LAT, with DCs, neurons, and ILCs having the most LAT
+
cells. These results suggest that HSV-1 can establish a quiescent/latent infection in a subset of nonneuronal cells, which enhances the chances that the virus will survive in its host.
Engineering is pregnant with possibilities
Authors: Oyen Michelle L.
Published: January 2023

Recent engineering advances provide new tools and techniques to alleviate poor pregnancy outcomes that can lead to maternal and fetal death and long-term medical complications.
Robotic probes at the cell scale
Authors: Plaza José A.
Published: January 2023

The miniaturization of robotic tools and probes enables the fundamental study of mechanical properties of cells and tissues.
Radiation-induced circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells induce systemic lymphopenia after chemoradiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Ghosh Subhajit , Huang Jiayi , Inkman Matthew , Zhang Jin , Thotala Sukrutha , Tikhonova Ekaterina , Miheecheva Natalia , Frenkel Felix , Ataullakhanov Ravshan , Wang Xiaowei , DeNardo David , Hallahan Dennis , Thotala Dinesh
Published: January 2023

Severe and prolonged lymphopenia frequently occurs in patients with glioblastoma after standard chemoradiotherapy and has been associated with worse survival, but its underlying biological mechanism is not well understood. To address this, we performed a correlative study in which we collected and analyzed peripheral blood of patients with glioblastoma (
n
 = 20) receiving chemoradiotherapy using genomic and immune monitoring technologies. RNA sequencing analysis of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) showed an elevated concentration of myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) regulatory genes in patients with lymphopenia when compared with patients without lymphopenia after chemoradiotherapy. Additional analysis including flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing further confirmed increased numbers of circulating MDSC in patients with lymphopenia when compared with patients without lymphopenia after chemoradiotherapy. Preclinical murine models were also established and demonstrated a causal relationship between radiation-induced MDSC and systemic lymphopenia using transfusion and depletion experiments. Pharmacological inhibition of MDSC using an arginase-1 inhibitor (CB1158) or phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (tadalafil) during radiation therapy (RT) successfully abrogated radiation-induced lymphopenia and improved survival in the preclinical models. CB1158 and tadalafil are promising drugs in reducing radiation-induced lymphopenia in patients with glioblastoma. These results demonstrate the promise of using these classes of drugs to reduce treatment-related lymphopenia and immunosuppression.
Delineating epileptogenic networks using brain imaging data and personalized modeling in drug-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Wang Huifang E. , Woodman Marmaduke , Triebkorn Paul , Lemarechal Jean-Didier , Jha Jayant , Dollomaja Borana , Vattikonda Anirudh Nihalani , Sip Viktor , Medina Villalon Samuel , Hashemi Meysam , Guye Maxime , Makhalova Julia , Bartolomei Fabrice , Jirsa Viktor
Published: January 2023

Precise estimates of epileptogenic zone networks (EZNs) are crucial for planning intervention strategies to treat drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Here, we present the virtual epileptic patient (VEP), a workflow that uses personalized brain models and machine learning methods to estimate EZNs and to aid surgical strategies. The structural scaffold of the patient-specific whole-brain network model is constructed from anatomical T1 and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Each network node is equipped with a mathematical dynamical model to simulate seizure activity. Bayesian inference methods sample and optimize key parameters of the personalized model using functional stereoelectroencephalography recordings of patients’ seizures. These key parameters together with their personalized model determine a given patient’s EZN. Personalized models were further used to predict the outcome of surgical intervention using virtual surgeries. We evaluated the VEP workflow retrospectively using 53 patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. VEPs reproduced the clinically defined EZNs with a precision of 0.6, where the physical distance between epileptogenic regions identified by VEP and the clinically defined EZNs was small. Compared with the resected brain regions of 25 patients who underwent surgery, VEP showed lower false discovery rates in seizure-free patients (mean, 0.028) than in non–seizure-free patients (mean, 0.407). VEP is now being evaluated in an ongoing clinical trial (EPINOV) with an expected 356 prospective patients with epilepsy.
Harnessing Native
Bacillus
spp. for Sustainable Wheat Production
Authors: Liu Yongchuang , Yue Zonghao , Sun Zhongke , Li Chengwei
Published: January 2023

The genus
Bacillus
has been widely applied in contemporary agriculture as an environmentally-friendly biological agent. However, the real effect of commercial
Bacillus
-based fertilizers and pesticides varies immensely in the field.
Peptidyl tRNA Hydrolase Is Required for Robust Prolyl-tRNA Turnover in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Tomasi Francesca G. , Schweber Jessica T. P. , Kimura Satoshi , Zhu Junhao , Cleghorn Laura A. T. , Davis Susan H. , Green Simon R. , Waldor Matthew K. , Rubin Eric J.
Published: January 2023

Peptidyl tRNA hydrolase (Pth) is an enzyme that cuts unfinished peptides off tRNA that has been prematurely released from a stalled ribosome. Pth is essential in nearly all bacteria, including the pathogen
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb), but it has not been clear why.
A Structural Systems Biology Approach to High-Risk CG23 Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Inniss Nicole L. , Kochan Travis J. , Minasov George , Wawrzak Zdzislaw , Chang Changsoo , Tan Kemin , Shuvalova Ludmilla , Kiryukhina Olga , Pshenychnyi Sergii , Wu Ruiying , Dubrovska Ivegeniia , Babnigg Gyorgy , Endres Michael , Anderson Wayne F. , Hauser Alan R. , Joachimiak Andrzej , Satchell Karla J. F.
Published: January 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is a leading cause of antibiotic-resistant-associated deaths in the world. Here, we report the deposition of 14 structures of enzymes from both the core and accessory genomes of sequence type 23 (ST23) K1 hypervirulent
K. pneumoniae
.
Draft Genome Sequence of Venenivibrio stagnispumantis CP.B2
T
, Isolated from Champagne Pool, Waiotapu, Aotearoa-New Zealand
Authors: Power Jean F. , Welford Holly E. , Carere Carlo R. , McDonald Ian R. , Cary S. Craig , Stott Matthew B.
Published: January 2023

Venenivibrio stagnispumantis
strain CP.B2
T
is a thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium from the family
Hydrogenothermaceae
(phylum
Aquificota
), isolated from Champagne Pool in the Waiotapu geothermal field, Aotearoa-New Zealand. The genome consists of 1.73 Mbp in 451 contigs with a 30.8 mol% G+C content.
Draft Genome Sequence of Listeria monocytogenes Clonal Complex 1 Strain SNU3 from South Korea
Authors: Lee Sangmi , Ryu Sangryeol
Published: January 2023

Currently, only limited knowledge is available about the genetic diversity of the hypervirulent clonal complex 1 (CC1) of
Listeria monocytogenes
from Asia. In this study, we report the draft genome sequence of an
L. monocytogenes
CC1 strain (SNU3) from Seoul, South Korea.
A Rapid and Easy Method of MALDI Biotyper Antibiotic Susceptibility Test Rapid Assay To Provide Early Meropenem Susceptibility Profile in
Enterobacterales
Authors: Wilhelm Camila Mörschbächer , Carneiro Maiara dos Santos , Inamine Everton , Barth Afonso Luís
Published: January 2023

The simplification of the MBT-ASTRA technique, especially in spectrum analysis, can considerably allow more laboratories to rapidly determine antimicrobial susceptibility profiles.
Epistemic problems with mental health legislation in the doctor–patient relationship
Authors: Newton-Howes Giles , Walker Simon , Pickering Neil John
Published: January 2023

Mental health legislation that requires patients to accept ‘care’ has come under increasing scrutiny, prompted primarily by a human rights ethic. Epistemic issues in mental health have received some attention, however, less attention has been paid to the possible epistemic problems of mental health legislation existing. In this manuscript, we examine the epistemic problems that arise from the presence of such legislation, both for patients without a prior experience of being detained under such legislation and for those with this experience. We also examine how the doctor is legally obligated to compound the epistemic problems by the knowledge they prioritise and the failure to generate new knowledge. Specifically, we describe the problems of testimonial epistemic injustice, epistemic silencing, and epistemic smothering, and address the possible justification provided by epistemic paternalism. We suggest that there is no reasonable epistemic justification for mental health legislation that creates an environment that fundamentally unbalances the doctor–patient relationship. Significant positive reasons to counterbalance this are needed to justify the continuation of such legislation.
The impact of cigarette prices on smoking onset and cessation: evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Cuong Viet , Vellios Nicole , Nguyen Nguyen Hanh , Le Thu Thi
Published: January 2023

Background

Vietnam is a country with very high smoking rates among men. According to a Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2015, the daily smoking prevalence among Vietnamese men was 39%.

Methods

We used data from the 2010 and 2015 Vietnamese GATSs and cigarette price data from General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Since smoking prevalence is low among women, we only considered men. Using discrete-time hazard models, we estimated the effect of cigarette prices on smoking onset and cessation. Sensitivity analyses are conducted using different model specifications.

Results

We find that higher cigarette prices reduce the probability of smoking onset. A 1% increase in the cigarette price reduces the hazard of smoking onset by 1.2% (95% CI −2.12% to −0.28%). This suggests that increases in tobacco taxation, which translate to price increases, can reduce smoking onset. We did not find evidence that cigarette prices impact smoking cessation among men in Vietnam.

Conclusion

Vietnam should continue to increase excise taxes on tobacco products to reduce smoking onset. Since smokers are resilient to excise tax increases, other tobacco control policies, such as smoke-free areas and tobacco advertisement bans, should be better enforced to encourage people to quit. Other policies not yet implemented, such as plain packaging of tobacco products, may also encourage smokers to quit.
Integrating silviculture with hemlock woolly adelgid mitigation: crown dynamics of Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière 10 years after thinning
Authors: Fajvan Mary Ann , Hille Andrea
Published: January 2023

Pre-emptive silvicultural treatments can enhance host-tree vigor as a component of an integrated management approach to mitigate invasive species’ impacts. Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae Annand, 1928) threatens the health and existence of eastern hemlock-dominated forests. We propose that increasing canopy light exposure via silvicultural thinning can reduce hemlock’s vulnerability to HWA. Three stands with high hemlock densities on the Allegheny National Forest were selected for thinning. There was no HWA infestation and half of each stand was thinned. Circular plots were established surrounding 96 hemlock “subject trees” targeted for crown release on 3–4 sides. Similar criteria were used to select 90 hemlocks in untreated plots. We visited subject trees pre-thinning and 5 and 10 years post thinning and measured the following: diameter, total height, live crown ratio, and crown area. Temporal changes in diameter were not significant between treatments, but trees in thinned plots averaged 5 cm larger after 10 years. Live crown ratio was maintained in thinned stands and decreased after year 5 in controls. Crown area increased in thinned plots and decreased in controls. Residual basal area significantly influenced growth but varied between treatments and among stands.
Quasinormal modes of a charged scalar field in Ernst black holes
Authors: Bécar Ramón , González P. A. , Vásquez Yerko
Published: January 2023

We consider the propagation of a charged massive scalar field in the background of a four-dimensional Ernst black hole and study its stability analyzing the quasinormal modes (QNMs), which are calculated using the semi-analytical Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method and numerically using the continued fraction method. We mainly find that for a scalar field mass less than a critical mass, the decay rate of the QNMs decreases when the harmonic angular number $$\ell $$
ℓ
increases; and for a scalar field mass greater than the critical mass, the behavior is inverted, i.e., the longest-lived modes are always the ones with the lowest angular number recovering the standard behavior. Also, we find a critical value of the external magnetic field, as well as a critical value of the scalar field charge that exhibits the same behavior with respect to the angular harmonic numbers. In addition, we show that the spacetime allows stable quasibound states, and we observe a splitting of the spectrum due to the Zeeman effect. Finally, we show that the unstable null geodesic in the equatorial plane is connected with the QNMs when the azimuthal quantum number satisfies $$m= \pm \ell $$

m
=
±
ℓ

in the eikonal limit.
Existence of solution for Lp-Minkowski problem of 0 < p < 1 with measures in ℝn
Authors: Li Chao , Wei Guoxin
Published: January 2023

In 2019, Livshyts studied the Minkowski problem of measures in [Formula: see text] with positive homogeneous and positive concave density functions. After that, Wu studied the [Formula: see text]-Minkowski problem with [Formula: see text] under the corresponding even measure. In this paper, we further study the existence of solution for [Formula: see text]-Minkowski problem of measures with positive homogeneous and positive concave density functions for [Formula: see text].
Preparation of S self-doped porous carbon nanospheres as ORR catalysts derived from block copolymer grafted S group
Authors: Wang Bin , Tang Miao , Li Wanting , Dong Wenjing , Ge Xiaowen , Huang Naibao
Published: January 2023

In order to increase the activity and decrease the cost of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst, S self-doped porous carbon nanospheres ORR catalyst was prepared by pyrolyzing the block copolymer F127 grafted with 3-mercapto-propanoicaci. The composition and microstructure were characterized and its electrochemical performance was also investigated in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solutions. The results showed that, among all the obtained samples, C-S-750 had a porous carbon nanosphere structure with the doped sulfur of 7.08 at % and a maximum specific surface area of 776.3 m2/g. The onset potential, half-wave potential and limiting current density of C-S-750 were 0.92 V (versus RHE) and 0.80 V (versus RHE) and 5.77 mA/cm2@0.45 V in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution, respectively, which were close to that of commercial 20% Pt/C catalysts. This provides a new way to introduce and increase the doped heteroatom in metal-free ORR catalysts.
Lightweight CNN-Based Image Recognition with Ecological IoT Framework for Management of Marine Fishes
Authors: Jia Lulu , Xie Xikun , Yang Junchao , Li Fukun , Zhou Yueming , Fan Xingrong , Shen Yu , Guo Zhiwei
Published: January 2023

With the development of emerging information technology, the traditional management methods of marine fishes are slowly replaced by new methods due to high cost, time-consumption and inaccurate management. The update of marine fishes management technology is also a great help for the creation of smart cities. However, some new methods have been studied that are too specific, which are not applicable for the other marine fishes, and the accuracy of identification is generally low. Therefore, this paper proposes an ecological Internet of Things (IoT) framework, in which a lightweight Deep Neural Networks model is implemented as a image recognition model for marine fishes, which is recorded as Fish-CNN. In this study, multi-training and evaluation of Fish-CNN is accomplished, and the accuracy of the final classification can be fixed to 89.89%–99.83%. Moreover, the final evaluation compared with Rem-CNN, Linear Regression and Multilayer Perceptron also verify the stability and advantage of our method.
Dynamics of Electrical Resistance of Kombucha Zoogleal Mats
Authors: Adamatzky Andrew
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate that zoogleal mats of kombucha exhibit spikes of electrical resistance. A kombucha is a sugared tea fermented by a symbiotic community of over 20 species of bacteria and yeasts which produce cellulosic gelatinous zoogleal mats. We recorded electrical resistance of the zoogleal mats via platinum electrodes placed at a distance 1 cm of each other. We found that the mats show temporal variations in electrical resistance in a range 0.13–0.19[Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text]. We discovered spikes of the mats resistance morphologically similar to action potential spikes. Average duration of a resistance spike is 1.8[Formula: see text]min, average amplitude is 2.2[Formula: see text]k[Formula: see text]. Average interval between resistance spikes is c. 20[Formula: see text]min. The discovered resistive spiking of kombucha mats might indicate on their memfractive properties, and thus, open pathways towards prototyping neuromorphic devices with living zoogleal mats.
Management of Machine Learning Lifecycle Artifacts
Authors: Schlegel Marius , Sattler Kai-Uwe
Published: January 2023

The explorative and iterative nature of developing and operating ML applications leads to a variety of artifacts, such as datasets, features, models, hyperparameters, metrics, software, configurations, and logs. In order to enable comparability, reproducibility, and traceability of these artifacts across the ML lifecycle steps and iterations, systems and tools have been developed to support their collection, storage, and management. It is often not obvious what precise functional scope such systems offer so that the comparison and the estimation of synergy effects between candidates are quite challenging. In this paper, we aim to give an overview of systems and platforms which support the management of ML lifecycle artifacts. Based on a systematic literature review, we derive assessment criteria and apply them to a representative selection of more than 60 systems and platforms.
Enterprise Platform and Integration Concepts Research at HPI
Authors: Perscheid Michael , Plattner Hasso , Ritter Daniel , Schlosser Rainer , Teusner Ralf
Published: January 2023

The Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI), academically structured as the independent Faculty of Digital Engineering at the University of Potsdam, unites computer science research and teaching with the advantages of a privately financed institute and a tuition-free study program. Founder and namesake of the institute is the SAP co-founder Hasso Plattner, who also heads the Enterprise Platform and Integration Concepts (EPIC) research center which focuses on the technical aspects of business software with a vision to provide the fastest way to get insights out of enterprise data. Founded in 2006, the EPIC combines three research groups comprising autonomous data management, enterprise software engineering, and data-driven decision support.
Targeting Driver Oncogenes and Other Public Neoantigens Using T Cell Receptor–Based Cellular Therapy
Authors: Martinov Tijana , Greenberg Philip D.
Published: January 2023

T cell reactivity to tumor-specific neoantigens can drive endogenous and therapeutically induced antitumor immunity. However, most tumor-specific neoantigens are unique to each patient (private) and targeting them requires personalized therapy. A smaller subset of neoantigens includes epitopes that span recurrent mutation hotspots, translocations, or gene fusions in oncogenic drivers and tumor suppressors, as well as epitopes that arise from viral oncogenic proteins. Such antigens are likely to be shared across patients (public), uniformly expressed within a tumor, and required for cancer cell survival and fitness. Although a limited number of these public neoantigens are naturally immunogenic, recent studies affirm their clinical utility. In this review, we highlight efforts to target mutant KRAS, mutant p53, and epitopes derived from oncogenic viruses using T cells engineered with off-the-shelf T cell receptors. We also discuss the challenges and strategies to achieving more effective T cell therapies, particularly in the context of solid tumors.
Immune-Epithelial Cross Talk in Regeneration and Repair
Authors: Guenin-Mace Laure , Konieczny Piotr , Naik Shruti
Published: January 2023

The epithelial tissues that line our body, such as the skin and gut, have remarkable regenerative prowess and continually renew throughout our lifetimes. Owing to their barrier function, these tissues have also evolved sophisticated repair mechanisms to swiftly heal and limit the penetration of harmful agents following injury. Researchers now appreciate that epithelial regeneration and repair are not autonomous processes but rely on a dynamic cross talk with immunity. A wealth of clinical and experimental data point to the functional coupling of reparative and inflammatory responses as two sides of the same coin. Here we bring to the fore the immunological signals that underlie homeostatic epithelial regeneration and restitution following damage. We review our current understanding of how immune cells contribute to distinct phases of repair. When unchecked, immune-mediated repair programs are co-opted to fuel epithelial pathologies such as cancer, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Thus, understanding the reparative functions of immunity may advance therapeutic innovation in regenerative medicine and epithelial inflammatory diseases.
Studies of Local DNA Backbone Conformation and Conformational Disorder Using Site-Specific Exciton-Coupled Dimer Probe Spectroscopy
Authors: Marcus Andrew H. , Heussman Dylan , Maurer Jack , Albrecht Claire S. , Herbert Patrick , von Hippel Peter H.
Published: January 2023

The processes of genome expression, regulation, and repair require direct interactions between proteins and DNA at specific sites located at and near single-stranded–double-stranded DNA (ssDNA–dsDNA) junctions. Here, we review the application of recently developed spectroscopic methods and analyses that combine linear absorbance and circular dichroism spectroscopy with nonlinear 2D fluorescence spectroscopy to study the local conformations and conformational disorder of the sugar-phosphate backbones of ssDNA–dsDNA fork constructs that have been internally labeled with exciton-coupled cyanine (iCy3)2dimer probes. With the application of these methods, the (iCy3)2dimer can serve as a reliable probe of the mean local conformations and conformational distributions of the sugar-phosphate backbones of dsDNA at various critical positions. The results of our studies suggest a possible structural framework for understanding the roles of DNA breathing in driving the processes of protein–DNA complex assembly and function.
Modifying the Zn Anode with Nano-Silica: A Strategy to Realize Dendrite-Free Zinc-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Juan , Peng Jiaxin , Jia Xuefeng , Wang Lejie , Yang Kai , Zhao JunKai , Yang Naixing
Published: January 2023

In recent years, zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors have been widely studied due to many advantages, but zinc dendrite and anodic corrosion limit its cycle stability and safety performances. A hybrid coating composed of nano-silica and polyvinylidene fluoride was prepared on the surface of metal zinc by coating method. Insulating nano-silica is conducive to the directional migration of Zn2+, and hydrophobic coating can effectively reduce anodic corrosion. The Zn@SiO2//Zn@SiO2 symmetrical cell exhibits stable cycling for over 500 cycles at 1 mA cm−2, while the bare Zn symmetrical cell shows high overpotential and short cycle life. The specific capacity of the assembled zinc ion hybrid supercapacitor under different current densities is higher than that of bare zinc cell. When the current density is 0.2 A g−1, the specific capacity reaches 263.1 mAh g−1. This study reveals a simple and effective strategy to achieve dendrite-free zinc anode.
Morphological Evolution of Corrosion Pits on the (200) and (211) Surfaces of Tantalum Foil
Authors: Zhao Jiping , Xu Youlong , Sun Zhuohui , Yao Xianghua
Published: January 2023

As an extremely passive metal, tantalum is often used as an additive element in corrosion-resistant alloys. Although the electrochemical corrosion mechanisms of these tantalum-based alloys have been extensively studied, however, the corrosion properties of the tantalum metal itself have received little attention. In this study, we developed a numerical simulation model to qualitatively describe the propagation of corrosion pits on different crystal surfaces of tantalum. The morphological characteristics of the corrosion pits predicted by the model are in high agreement with those observed those observed experimentally, indicating the validity of the model. Due to the difference in crystallographic orientation, the corrosion pits on the surface of (200) have a square shape while those on the surface of (211) have an inverted triangle shape. Although the dimensions of the two types of pits are close, the square pit is more likely to develop deeper and thus the (200) surface exhibits a higher specific surface area. Therefore, the present work provides a reference for the fabrication of etched foils for tantalum electrolytic capacitors.
Photoelectrochemical Fabrication of CuO-Cu2O Nanocomposite Semiconductors by High-Frequency Potential-Switching in Copper(II)-Tartrate Complex Aqueous Solution and the Energy Band Structures
Authors: Yamamoto Shinichi , Yokoyama Ryoga , Imahori Kosuke , Khoo Pei Loon , Asano Natsuko , Asahina Shunsuke , Shinagawa Tsutomu , Izaki Masanobu
Published: January 2023

P-type CuO-Cu2O nanocomposite semiconductors composed of Cu2O-embedded CuO aggregations and Cu2O aggregation consisting of space-filling CuO grains have been fabricated by photoelectrochemical high-frequency potential-switching of 100 to 1000 cycles in an aqueous solution containing copper(II) sulfate hydrate, tartaric acid, and sodium hydroxide, and the size of both the CuO and Cu2O grains decreased from 40–44 nm to approximately 10 nm remaining the characteristic monoclinic and cubic lattices with an increase in cycle numbers. The bandgap energy of CuO components was almost a constant value of 1.5 eV, and the Cu2O components showed a decrease in bandgap energy from 2.05 eV to 1.85 eV with an increase in cycle number due to the Cu2+ state incorporation, and the CuO-Cu2O nanocomposites possessed an ionization energy of approximately 5.2 eV and work function of approximately 4.6 eV respectively, and were close to those for single CuO and Cu2O layers.
Electrolyte Role in SEI Evolution at Si in the Pre-lithiation Stage vs the Post-lithiation Stage
Authors: Cora Saida , Key Baris , Vaughey John , Sa Niya
Published: January 2023

The formation and evolution of the dynamic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the Si anode/electrolyte interface are yet to be completely understood to solve irreversible capacity loss and increase battery cycle life. Herein, the evolution of SEI and its dynamic properties at the Si anode/electrolyte interface are investigated in two electrolyte systems, a 1.2 M LiPF6 in EC: EMC 3:7 (wt%) electrolyte (referred to as Gen2) and a 1.2 M LiTFSI in EC: EMC 3:7 (wt%) electrolyte (referred to as LiTFSI). Two lithiation stages are studied: the pre-lithiation (pre-Li) SEI stage and the post-lithiation (post-Li) stage. Findings reveal at the pre-Li, SEI formation starts at an early potential and contributes to the greater mass gain in the Si/Gen2, and it is dominated by the formation of a non-uniform F- and P-rich layer in Si/Gen2, in contrast to a homogeneous F- and C-containing layer at the Si/LiTFSI interphase. The initially formed SEI in LiTFSI further benefits the charge transfer kinetics. At the post-Li stage, a more substantial SEI evolution is observed at Si/LiTFSI. This study offers a foundational understanding of the SEI dynamic evolution with electrolyte dependence. Findings from this report offer important insights into solving the complex SEI stability issues on Si.
Effect of P Content on the Corrosion Behavior of Electrodeposited Fe-P Coatings
Authors: Zarebidaki Arman , Lari Seyedzadeh Seyed Hesamaldin
Published: January 2023

Eco-friendly Fe-P coatings containing different P contents up to 20 wt% were electrodeposited on pure copper substrate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), microhardness, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization tests were used to investigate the effect of P content on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of the coatings in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Results showed that the surface becomes smoother with increasing the P content and superficial microcracks form at 20 wt% P. Coatings containing 5 and 10 wt% P showed a nanocrystalline microstructure, while a fully amorphous microstructure obtained at higher P contents. The best corrosion resistance was seen for the coatings containing 10 and 15 wt% P, which was related to their microstructure and smooth surfaces. Defect-free Fe-P coatings can increase the corrosion resistance of the copper and have the ability to protect the substrate through galvanic effect in which the coating acts as the anode. The coating hardness revealed an inverse Hall-Petch relationship so that the hardness of the coating decreased with decreasing the crystallite size of the deposit.
Effect of Amino Acids on the Corrosion and Metal Release from Copper and Stainless Steel
Authors: Vander Zee Alyssa , Laundry-Mottiar Lila , Nikpour Saman , Matin Sina , Henderson Jeffrey D. , Eduok Ubong , Hedberg Jonas F. , Zagidulin Dmitrij , Biesinger Mark C. , Noël James J. , Hedberg Yolanda S.
Published: January 2023

Copper (Cu) and stainless steel 316 L are widely used for biomedical applications, such as intrauterine devices and orthopedic/dental implants. Amino acids are abundantly present in biological environments. We investigated the influence of select amino acids on the corrosion of Cu under naturally aerated and deaerated conditions using a phosphate-free buffer. Amino acids increased the corrosion of Cu under both aeration conditions at pH 7.4. Cu release was also significantly (up to 18-fold) increased in the presence of amino acids, investigated at pH 7.4 and 37 °C for 24 h under naturally aerated conditions. Speciation modelling predicted a generally increased solubility of Cu in the presence of amino acids at pH 7.4. 316 L, investigated for metal release under similar conditions for comparison, released about 1,000-fold lower amounts of metals than did Cu and remained passive with no change in surface oxide composition or thickness. However, amino acids also increased the chromium release (up to 52-fold), significantly for lysine, and the iron release for cysteine, while nickel and molybdenum release remained unaffected. This was not predicted by solution speciation modelling. The surface analysis confirmed the adsorption of amino acids on 316 L and, to a lower extent, Cu coupons.
Impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on glucose control and insulin regulation in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Janssen Lando , Hopman Maria T. E. , Swaans Greetje J. A. , Allard Neeltje A. E. , Boss Marti , Lobeek Daphne , Gotthardt Martin , Schirris Tom J. J. , Blijlevens Nicole M. A. , Timmers Silvie
Published: January 2023

In this study, we have shown that non-diabetic patients with CML receiving nilotinib therapy show early signs of disturbed skeletal muscle glucose handling, which was not observed in imatinib-treated patients. These observations in nilotinib users may reflect decreased muscle insulin sensitivity, which could serve as a potential target to counteract glycemic dysregulation, and is of clinical importance since these patients have an increased cardiovascular disease risk.
A reduction of skeletal muscle DHA content does not result in impaired whole body glucose tolerance or skeletal muscle basal insulin signaling in otherwise healthy mice
Authors: Budd Joshua M. , Hucik Barbora , Wang Chenxuan , King Alexa N. , Sarr Ousseynou , Nakamura Manabu T. , Harasim-Symbor Ewa , Chabowski Adrian , Dyck David J. , Mutch David M.
Published: January 2023

Skeletal muscle is the primary location of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. EPA and DHA supplementation has been observed to improve skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in models of metabolic dysfunction. Fads2−/− knockout mice cannot endogenously produce long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our results show that the absence of DHA in skeletal muscle is not detrimental to whole body glucose homeostasis in healthy mice.
Essential tremor accentuates the pattern of tremor-band coherence between upper limb muscles
Authors: Free Daniel B. , Syndergaard Ian , Pigg Adam C. , Muceli Silvia , Thompson-Westra Johanna , Mente Karin , Maurer Carine W. , Haubenberger Dietrich , Hallett Mark , Farina Dario , Charles Steven K.
Published: January 2023

We characterized the relationships in tremor-band activity between the 15 major superficial upper limb muscles of persons with essential tremor by quantifying the proportion of shared activity (coherence) in the tremor band and by characterizing phase differences between these muscles during various tasks. From our observations, we conclude that tremor enhances the coherence between muscle pairs throughout the upper limb in a pattern that reflects functional relationship between them.