bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of a Structured Physical Exercise Program after Bariatric Surgery (RYGB) on PROMs – Health-Related Quality of Life (SarQoL) – in Patients with Preoperative Obesity and Sarcopenia
Authors: Mendes Cláudia , Carvalho Manuel , Bravo Jorge , Martins Sandra , Zangão Maria Otília , Raimundo Armando
Published: September 2024

(1) Background: Sarcopenia, a condition characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and strength, is very common in patients with obesity and can be aggravated by bariatric surgery, potentially compromising the clinical results of surgery. There is increasing interest in pa-tient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to assess results in other health variables that may be especially important for individual patients. The role of exercise in enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after surgery remains underexplored. This study investigated the impact of exercise on HRQoL in bariatric sarcopenic patients via the Sarcopenia Quality of Life (SarQoL) questionnaire. (2) Method: Candidates for surgery took part in the EXPOBAR program and were randomized into experimental and control groups. The intervention lasted 16 weeks, starting one month after surgery, and included combined aerobic and resistance exercise. Outcomes, including body composition and physical fitness parameters, were measured before and after the intervention. All participants underwent gastric bypass surgery (RYGB). (3) Results: The baseline characteristics of the participants were not significantly different between the two groups. All patients met the criteria for moderate/severe obesity and the EASO/ESPEN criteria for sarcopenia, namely, reduced muscle strength assessed by grip strength and reduced muscle mass assessed by the ASMM score/weight. After completing the study protocol, patients in both groups had increased HRQoL, but the increase was significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group. (4) Conclusion: Our findings suggest that exercise plays a crucial role in improving both physical and psychological well-being in postbariatric patients, highlighting the need to integrate structured exercise programs in post-surgery care. This study was prospectively registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03497546).
Drimia maritima as a New Green Inhibitor for Al-Si Alloy, SAE Steel and Pure Al Samples in 0.5M NaCl Solution: Polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Analyses
Authors: Bonatti Rodrigo S. , Costa Diego , Padilha Giovana , Bortolozo Ausdinir Danilo , Osório Wislei R.
Published: September 2024

The corrosion inhibition effects of Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn sin. Urginea matima (L.) Backer on three different materials, i.e. as-cast Al-7 wt.% Si alloy, SAE 1020 low carbon steel and commercially pure Al samples, into a stagnant and naturally aerated 0.5 M NaCl solution are evaluated. For this purpose, both the potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with equivalent circuit are utilized. It is found that inhibition effect in-creases up to certain minor Drimia maritima content. Adsorption isotherms (e.g. Langmuir and Temkin) have indicated that all three examined material comprise physical adsorption mecha-nism. Al-Si alloys have attained inhibition efficiency of about 96% at 25 oC with 1250 ppm of Drimia maritima, and ~43% with 625 ppm at 45 oC. On the other hand, the cp. Al and SAE 1020 samples attain ~ 89% and 68% with 1250 ppm and 500 ppm at 25 oC, respectively. This clearly in-dicates that the dosage of Drimia maritima green inhibitor into NaCl solution posses certain sus-ceptibility for each distinctive material examined. Impedance parameters obtained by using CNLS (complex non-linear least squares simulations) are correlated and discussed.
Laser-Induced Decomposition and Mechanical Degradation of CFRP Subjected to a High-Energy Laser with Continuous Wave Power Up to 120 kW
Authors: Schäffer Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), noted for its outstanding properties including high specific strength and superior fatigue resistance, is increasingly employed in aerospace and other demanding applications. This study investigates the interactions between CFRP composites and high-energy lasers (HEL), with continuous wave laser powers reaching up to 120 kW. A novel automated sample exchange system, operated by a robotic arm, minimizes human exposure while enabling a sequence of targeted laser tests. High-speed imaging captures the rapid expansion of a plume consisting of hot gases and dust particles during the experiment. The research significantly advances empirical models by systematically examining the relationship between laser power, perforation times, and ablation rates. It demonstrates scalable predictions for the effects of high-energy laser radiation. Detailed examination of the damaged samples, both visually and via micro-focused computed X-ray tomography, offers insights into heat distribution and ablation dynamics, highlighting the anisotropic thermal properties of CFRP. Compression-after-impact (CAI) tests further assess the residual strength of the irradiated samples, enhancing the understanding of CFRP’s structural integrity post-irradiation. Collectively, these tests improve the knowledge of the thermal and mechanical behavior of CFRP under extreme irradiation conditions. The findings not only contribute to predictive modeling of CFRP's response to laser irradiation but also enhance the scalability of these models to higher laser powers, providing robust tools for predicting material behavior in high-performance settings.
The Impact of Flavonoid Supplementation on Serum Oxidative Stress Levels Measured via D-ROMS Test in the General Population: The PREVES – FLAVON Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Di Lorenzo Giuseppe , Verde Antonio , Scafuri Luca , Costabile Ferdinando , Caputo Vincenza , Di Trolio Rossella , Strianese Oriana , Montanaro Vittorino , Crocetto Felice , Del Giudice Francesco , Baio Raffaele , Tufano Antonio , Verze Paolo , Calabrese Alessia Nunzia , Buonerba Carlo
Published: September 2024

Background: Oxidative stress has emerged as a key contributor to numerous NCDs (Non Communicable Diseases), including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. This study aims to explore the potential of targeted interventions to mitigate oxidative stress as part of a primary prevention strategy. Methods: The study included 32 healthy participants (11 men, 21 women) aged 45-65 who completed both the initial and follow-up assessments of the Healthy Days Initiative, a community-based wellness program organized by the non-profit Associazione O.R.A. ETS. Through blood analysis, vital sign assessment, lifestyle questionnaires, and individualized recommendations, participants received guidance on improving their health and reducing disease risk. The initiative also offered the opportunity for participants to consume a flavonoid supplement containing quercitrin, rutin and hesperidin, with the goal of reducing oxidative stress. Participants who opted for supplementation were instructed to take 1-2 tablets daily for two weeks. Data collected included demographic information, anthropometric measurements, vital signs, dietary and lifestyle habits, medical history, WHO-5 Well-Being Index scores, and blood parameters. Results: Significant reductions were observed in glucose levels (from 82 to 74.5 mg/dL), reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) (from 394.5 to 365.5 U.CARR), and systolic blood pressure (from 133 to 122 mmHg) after the two-week flavonoid intervention. Most participants (26/31) reported no side effects, and the majority (30/31) expressed a willingness to continue using a product combination of quercitrin, rutin and hesperidin or a similar product long-term. Conclusions: While limited in scope and duration, the PREVES-FLAVON study contributes valuable insights to the growing body of evidence suggesting that flavonoid supplementation may play a significant role in reducing risk factors associated with NCDs in primary prevention settings. By targeting novel risk factors such as oxidative stress, this intervention holds promise for mitigating the global burden of NCDs and promoting healthy aging.
Maternal Obesity Alters Placental and Umbilical Cord Plasma Oxidative Stress, a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jantape Thanyawan , Kongwattanakul Kiattisak , Arribas Silvia M. , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Pilar , Iampanichakul Metee , Settheetham-Ishida Wannapa , Phuthong Sophida
Published: September 2024

Maternal obesity has been found to be impaired oxidative status in placenta and newborn which can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term adverse influence on metabolic programming in the offspring. This study aimed to investigate the role of maternal obesity on maternal and umbilical cord plasma oxidative status and placental oxidative adaptation. Maternal obesity (n=20) defined as pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and maternal lean (n=20) defined as pre-pregnancy BMI < 25 kg/m2 were recruited into this study. Both groups were matched by gestational age at delivery. Maternal blood, umbilical cord blood and placental tissue were collected to assess nutritional content (cholesterol, triglyceride, and protein), oxidative stress marker (MDA and protein carbonyl) and antioxidant activity (SOD and catalase). Placenta protein expression (SOD2, catalase, UCP2 and Nrf2) was evaluated by western blot analysis. Catalase activity in maternal plasma significantly increased in maternal obesity group (p = 0.0200) with an increased trend in MDA and protein carbonyl levels. Umbilical cord plasma triglyceride, protein carbonyl and catalase activity significantly increased in maternal obesity compared with that in maternal lean (p = 0.0462, 0.0485, and 0.0348, respectively). Although placenta protein expression analysis exhibited significant decreased SOD2 (p = 0.0169) and catalase (p = 0.0067), accompanied by Nrf2 downregulation (p = 0.0453). An increased mitochondrial antioxidant UCP2 expressions was observed (p = 0.0143). Hence, our study provided evidence that maternal obesity is associated with placental and fetal oxidative stress with the parallel increased placental antioxidant UCP2 expression.
Seamless Transition to Post-Quantum TLS 1.3: A Hybrid Approach Using Identity-Based Encryption
Authors: Astrizi Thiago Leucz , Custódio Ricardo Felipe
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a novel approach to transitioning the classical TLS 1.3 protocol to a post-quantum version with minimal changes to the existing infrastructure. By integrating a hybrid KEMTLS protocol with Identity-Based Encryption (IBE), the solution achieves post-quantum security without incorporating post-quantum keys into TLS certificates. This enables the protocol to function with Certificate Authorities that do not support post-quantum keys, ensuring its security while simplifying the transition. The main challenge addressed is the immediate need for support of post-quantum algorithms by Certificate Authorities and servers. The proposed solution leverages existing certificates and keys, facilitating a smoother transition.
Human-Activity-Mediated Gene Flows Are Involved in the Establishment of Magnaporthe oryzae Population Structures: A Population Genomic Analysis
Authors: Duan Guohua , Liu Yuchan , Zheng Cheng , Yu Kaihui , Xie Jiahui , Wang Baohua , Zheng Huakun , Tang Wei , Bao Jiandong , Wang Zonghua , Chen Meilian
Published: September 2024

Magnaporthe oryzae is a filamentous heterothallic ascomycete fungus globally distributed in rice-growing regions and serves as the causative agent of rice blast disease. Populations shaped by environmental factors and human intervention play important roles in the formation of genetic structure. In this study, population structures and spatiotemporal dynamics were investigated based on the large-scale whole genomic sequences of rice-infecting M. oryzae around the world. By analyzing the genetic structures, we identified divergent clades that crossed geographic boundaries. While we observed associations between the isolates and their geographic origins, we also found that there were frequent migration events occurring worldwide. The populations in Asia demonstrated the highest genetic diversity due to the continent’s history of rice domestication, followed by separate gene flows to Africa, North America, South America and Europe. Within Asia, China was the migration origin, facilitating gene flows to Japan and South Korea. Additionally, our analysis of the evolutionary history of global M. oryzae populations provided insights into the population expansion that has taken place in recent decades. Overall, our findings indicate that human-mediated gene flows played a pivotal role in shaping the genetic structure of M. oryzae.
The Relationship Between Playing Formations, Team Ranking, and Physical Performance in the Serie A Soccer League
Authors: Savoia Cristian , Laterza Francesco , Lucadamo Antonio , Manzi Vincenzo , Azzone Vito , Pullinger Samuel A. , Beattie Catherine E. , Bertollo Maurizio , Pompa Dario
Published: September 2024

The influence of playing formations and team ranking on the physical performance of professional soccer players is an open question that needs to be explored. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of these factors on the physical exertion of Serie A soccer players. We analyzed match data from 375 players, categorizing teams based on their final ranking and comparing performance across different playing formations. Krustal-Wallies test, and Dunn test with Bonferroni adjustment, revealed that high-ranking (HR) teams exhibited a higher percentage of high-intensity (HI) accelerations compared to mid-ranking teams, suggesting the critical role of HI efforts in achieving favorable match outcomes. Moreover, the 4-3-3 playing formation was associated with greater acceleration demands than other formations, particularly in HR teams. Our study also established benchmarks for various performance metrics, enabling coaches to assess player performance and identify potential signs of overtraining. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the physical demands in soccer and offer practical implications for coaches and players in optimizing training and performance strategies.
Pricing Rainbow Options Using PINNs
Authors: Ahmad Ayesha , khan adnan
Published: September 2024

In this study, we consider the valuation of rainbow options using unsupervised machine learning methods. In particular, we consider the pricing of multi-asset (rainbow) European and American options, using Physics Informed Neural Net- works (PINNS). After developing the PINNS architecture, we benchmark the method by using it to price vanilla and exotic options with one and two un- derlying assets. We then use the methodology to price a multi-asset European option, followed by the pricing of the multi-asset American option by solving the linear complementarity problem. We compare our results to those obtained using preexisting numerical methods and note excellent agreement. Unlike con- ventional numerical methods, we note that this methodology does not suffer from the ’curse of dimensionality’. The time complexity of our method is con- siderably less than that of the conventional techniques. Thus PINNS may offer a faster more efficient solution to the pricing of rainbow options.
Bio-Char for Agriculture and Environmental Remediation: With Special Focus in Ethiopia: A Review
Authors: Manore Daniel , Ayalew Tewodros , Raji Shimelis
Published: September 2024

Bio-char is a charcoal-like substance made through the pyrolysis of organic biomass. It has the potential to address issues related to agriculture and the environment. This thorough analysis examines the potentials of bio-char in Ethiopia to enhance crop productivity, reduce climate change, and improve soil fertility. Drawing from academic databases and peer-reviewed literatures, the review explores the production and characterization of bio-char, its impact on soil fertility and crop productivity, and its role in carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation. The review emphasizes on how bio-char may improve plant nutrition and soil fertility, which raises agricultural yields and quality while improving drought resistance. The review also emphasizes the potential of bio-char for greenhouse gas mitigation and carbon sequestration, enhancing Ethiopia's efforts to mitigate climate change. Yet the study also points out several challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed to allow Ethiopians to use bio-char technology on a large scale. These include the need for appropriate policy and regulatory frameworks, the availability and accessibility of bio-char feedstocks, and the importance of continued research and development to optimize production methods and application strategies. The review concludes by highlighting the groundbreaking potential of bio-char in promoting environmentally friendly agricultural practices and sustainable agriculture in Ethiopia. It necessitates a coordinated effort to solve the problems and grasp the opportunities by making sound decisions in policy integration, research, and development. Ethiopia can advance its sustainable development goals by using bio-char to create a road towards increased food security, healthy soil, and environmental resilience.
Parallel Lossless Compression of Raw Bayer Images on FPGA-BASED High-Speed Camera
Authors: Regoršek Žan , Gorkič Aleš , Trost Andrej
Published: September 2024

Digital image compression is applied to reduce camera bandwidth and storage requirements, but real-time lossless compression on a high-speed high-resolution camera is a challenging task. The article presents hardware implementation of a Bayer colour filter array lossless image compression algorithm on an FPGA-based camera. The compression algorithm reduces colour and spatial redundancy and employs Golomb-Rice entropy coding. A rule limiting the maximum code length is introduced for the edge cases. The proposed algorithm is based on integer operators for efficient hardware implementation. The algorithm is first verified as a C++ model and later implemented on Xillinx Zynq UltraScale+ device using VHDL. An effective tree-like pipeline structure is proposed to concatenate codes of compressed pixel data to generate a bitstream representing data of 16 parallel pixels. The proposed parallel compression achieves up to 56% reduction in image size for high resolution images. Pipelined implementation without any state machine ensures operating frequencies up to 320 MHz. Parallelised operation on 16 pixels effectively increases data throughput to 40 Gbit/s while keeping total memory requirements low due to real-time processing.
Curvilinear Effect of Ethical Leadership on Emotional Exhaustion. The Role of Affective Commitment
Authors: Santiago-Torner Carlos , González-Carrasco Mònica , Miranda Ayala Rafael Alberto
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The impact of ethical leadership on employee emotional exhaustion has been widely analyzed. However, the effect of the leader's moral intensity on the employee's emotional state has gone unnoticed. This research seeks to show that ethical management by the leader affects employees' emotional exhaustion in accordance with the scope of the leader's moral standards. Their relationship is not necessarily linear but adopts a curvilinear pattern as a function of the leader's ethical intensity, and affective commitment acts as a mediating mechanism.

Methods: A simple mediation model is used. The sample consists of 448 professionals in six organizations in the Colombian electrical sector who responded to an online questionnaire. The sampling is probabilistic by conglomerates.

Findings: This research revealed that ethical behavior is voluntary in nature and develops in an environment of trust. When the ethical leader surpasses specific moral turning points, the follower's learning becomes an obligation, preventing affective fluidity. A search for acceptance implies constant consumption of resources that weakens the follower's capacity for self-regulation until it is exhausted. Furthermore, when the leader's expectations are difficult to achieve, affective commitment causes emotional ambiguity in followers, intensifying the stress associated with their role and increasing the likelihood of burnout.

Originality: This research challenges conventional wisdom about the positive, linear effect of ethical leadership on employees' emotional state. It broadens the understanding of this management style and fills a crucial knowledge gap by introducing a new perspective.

Practical Implications: A horizontal, balanced, and accessible leader can quickly convey a convincing ethical discourse. Emphasizing the vulnerability and importance of human beings can help prevent moral anguish and ethical distances. This, in turn, provides followers with resources to mitigate exhaustion and strengthen commitment.
Top 5 Deadly Cybersecurity Threats to Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhalifa Mariam , Aljaafari Maha , Muzafar Saira
Published: September 2024

The current era in which we live is centered on information technology because we live in the renaissance of information and its expansion on multiple scales and fields. People who have a high knowledge of technology and a passion for it seek to disseminate this information and process it correctly, and computers have now become one of the most essential devices for government operations. Large companies have already begun to use it in most businesses, and it has helped direct some government procedures for joint e-government, which allows people to access government services from home from their computers. It is also not hidden that with the increase in computer use, electronic crimes increased, and this contributed to the formation of laws. In various countries to deal with them. As technology evolves, the sophistication and impact of these cyber threats continue to grow, posing significant challenges to cybersecurity. This research discusses the role against cybercrime, the regulations, and the allowable behavior of using technology in Saudi Arabia. It analyzes cybercrime in the Kingdom and the system for combating cybercrime.
Addressing Antibiotic Resistance with Bacterial Cytological Profiling: A High-Throughput Method for Antibiotic Discovery
Authors: Salgado Jhonatan , Rayner James , Ojkic Nikola
Published: September 2024

Developing new antibiotics poses a significant challenge in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a critical global health threat responsible for approximately 5 million deaths annually. Finding new classes of antibiotics that are safe, have acceptable pharmacokinetic properties, and are appropriately active against pathogens is a lengthy and expensive process. Therefore, high-throughput platforms are needed to screen large libraries of synthetic and natural compounds. In this review, we present bacterial cytological profiling (BCP) as a rapid, scalable, and cost-effective method for identifying the mechanisms of action of antibiotics, offering a promising tool for combating AMR and drug discovery. We present the application of BCP for different bacterial organisms and different classes of antibiotics and discuss BCP's advantages, limitations, and potential improvements. Furthermore, we highlight the studies that have utilized BCP to investigate pathogens listed in the Bacterial Priority Pathogens List 2024 and we identify the pathogens whose cytological profiles are missing. Lastly, we explore the most recent artificial intelligence and deep learning techniques that could enhance the analysis of data generated by BCP, potentially advancing our understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and the discovery of novel druggable pathways.
Research on the Application of Tbm Advanced Geological Prediction Based on Ellipsoidal Positioning Velocity Analysis
Authors: Gao Zhen , Rong Xin , Wang Wei , Huang Bin , Liu Junqiang
Published: September 2024

Traditional seismic wave-based tunnel advanced geological forecasting techniques are primarily designed for drill and blast method construction tunnels. However, given the fast excavation speed and limited prediction space in Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) construction tunnels, traditional methods have significant technical limitations. This paper analyzes the characteristics of different types of TBM construction tunnels and, considering the practical construction conditions, identifies an effective observation system and data acquisition method. Utilizing numerical simulation, a model for advanced detection of typical unfavorable geological formations is established by obtaining the wave field response characteristics of seismic waves in three-dimensional space. The seismic wave reflection method can effectively receive information from unfavorable geological formations in front of the tunnel face. To address the challenges in advanced forecasting for TBM construction tunnels, a method of ellipsoid positioning velocity analysis, which takes into account the constraints of three-component data directions, is proposed. Based on the characteristics of the advanced forecasting observation system, the method compares the maximum values on the spatial isochronous ellipsoidal surface to determine the average velocity of the geological layer rays, thereby enabling accurate inversion of the spatial distribution ahead. Field verification of advanced geological forecasting based on ellipsoid positioning velocity analysis for TBM tunnels is conducted. The results indicate that this method can be used to obtain the three-dimensional velocity of the predicted unfavorable geological formations in front of the tunnel and is effective for the application of geological forecasting in TBM construction tunnels, thus providing crucial references and assurances for construction.
Exploiting Venom Toxins in Paratransgenesis to Prevent Mosquito-Borne Disease
Authors: French Stephanie , Da Silva Rachael , Storm Janet , Wastika Christida E. , Cullen India , ten Have Martijn , Hughes Grant L. , Modahl Cassandra M.
Published: September 2024

Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of numerous pathogens, including Plasmodium parasites, arboviruses and filarial worms. They pose a significant risk to public health with over 200 million cases of malaria per annum and approximately four billion people at risk of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). Mosquito populations are geographically expanding into temperate regions and their distribution is predicted to continue increasing. Mosquito symbionts, including fungi, bacteria and viruses, have desirable traits for mosquito disease control including spreading horizontally and vertically through mosquito populations and potentially colonising multiple important vector species. Paratransgenesis, genetic modification of mosquito symbionts with effectors to target the pathogen rather than the vector, is a promising strategy to prevent the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. A variety of effectors can be expressed but venom toxins are excellent effector candidates because they are target specific, potent, and, stable. However, the only toxins to be explored in mosquito paratransgenesis to date are Scorpine and mutated phospholipase A2. To enhance the scope, effectiveness, and durability of paratransgenesis, an expanded arsenal of effectors is required. This review discusses other potential toxins effectors for future paratransgenesis studies based on prior in vitro and in vivo antiparasitic and antiviral studies and highlights the need for further research and investment in this area. In terms of mosquito-borne diseases, paratransgenesis strategies have been developed to target Plasmodium. We postulate the potential to apply this principle to target arboviruses using antiviral toxin effectors.
Technological Interventions to Implement Prevention and Health Promotion in Cardiovascular Patients
Authors: Bashir Ayisha Zaka , Yetman Anji , Wehrmann Melissa
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: The aim of the narrative review was to identify information on the impact of technological interventions (such as telehealth and mobile health) on the health promotion of cardiac patients from diverse populations; Methods: Online databases of PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched for articles in the English language regarding technological interventions for health promotion in cardiac patients. In addition, a methodological quality control process was conducted. Exclusion was based on first reading the abstract and then the full manuscript confirming content was not related to cardiac patients and technological interventions; Results: 11 studies were included in the review after quality control analysis. The sample size reported in these studies ranged from 12 to 1424 subjects. In 8 studies mobile phones, smartphones and apps were used as mHealth intervention with tracking and texting component; 2 studies used videoconferencing as a digital intervention program, while one study focused on using physical activity trackers; Conclusions: This review highlights the digital divide as individuals with limited eHealth literacy and lack of technological knowledge are not motivated or able participate in these interventions. Finding methods to overcome these barriers are important and can be solved to some extent by providing the technology and technical support.
Corneal Epithelial Wavefront Error as a Novel Objective Biomarker Diagnostic Marker for Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy
Authors: Grauvogl Vitus , Mayer Wolfgang J. , Siedlecki Jakob , Mohr Niklas , Dirisamer Martin , Priglinger Siegfried Georg , Kassumeh Stefan , Luft Nikolaus
Published: September 2024

Synopsis
Corneal epithelial wavefront error and epithelial thickness variance qualify as highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD). The biomarkers show a normalization after treatment of EBMD with phototherapeutic keratectomy.

Purpose: To gauge the diagnostic value of a novel spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) based imaging modality for simultaneous morphological (thickness profile) and refractive (optical wavefront) assessment of the corneal epithelial layer in one of the most common but often underdiagnosed corneal dystrophies: epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD).

Methods: In this prospective observational study, a total of 32 eyes of 32 patients diagnosed with EBMD and 32 eyes of 32 healthy control subjects were examined with high-resolution anterior segment SD-OCT (MS-39; CSO, Florence, Italy). Various epithelial thickness and epithelial wavefront derived terms were compared between groups and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were computed to analyze the diagnostic capacity of the respective parameters. A total of 17 of 32 EBMD patients underwent treatment with phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) and were followed up for 3 months.

Results: Epithelial thickness variance (60.4 ± 56.7 µm versus 7.6 ± 6.1 µm) and interquartile range (11.0±6.9 versus 3.3±1.9 µm) were markedly elevated in EBMD patients as compared with healthy controls (both with p < 0.001). Epithelial wavefront analysis showed a highly statistically significant excess in all examined aberration terms in EBMD patients (all with p < 0.001). Significantly greater areas under the curve (AUC) were yielded by the epithelial wavefront derived parameters (e.g. total epithelial wavefront error: AUC = 0.966; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.932 – 1) than by the epithelial thickness-derived parameters (e.g., variance: AUC = 0.919; 95% CI 0.848 – 0.990).

Conclusion: Corneal epithelial wavefront aberrometry proved valuable as an objective biomarker for EBMD with high sensitivity and specificity. PTK resulted in a reduction of morphological and refractive epithelial irregularities in EBMD.
A New Computer Aided Diagnosis for Breast Cancer Detection of Thermograms using Metaheuristic algorithms and Explainable AI
Authors: Hanane Dihmani , Abdelmajid Bousselham , Omar Bouattane
Published: September 2024

Advances in early detection of Breast cancer and treatment improvements have significant-ly increased survival rates. Traditional screening methods, including mammography, MRI, ultrasound, and biopsies, while effective, often come with high costs and risks. Recently, thermal imaging has gained attention due to its minimal risks compared to mammography, although it is not widely adopted as a primary detection tool since it depends on identifying skin temperature changes and lesions. The advent of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) has enhanced the effectiveness of breast cancer detection and diagnosis using this technology. In this study a novel methodology for developing an interpretable computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for breast cancer detection, leveraging explaina-ble Artificial Intelligence (XAI) throughout its various phases. To achieve these goals, we proposed a new multi-objective optimization approach named Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (HPSO) and Hybrid spider Monkey Optimization algorithm (HSMO). These algorithms simultaneously combine the continuous and binary representations of PSO and SMO to effectively manage trade-offs between Accuracy, feature selection and hyperparameter tuning. We evaluate several CAD models and investigate the impact of handcrafted methods such as Local Binary Patterns (LBP), Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Gabor filters, and edge detection. We further shedding light on the effect of feature selection and optimization on feature attribution and model decision-making processes using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) framework, with a particular emphasis on cancer classification using the DMR-IR dataset. The results of our experiments demonstrate in all trials that the performance of the model is improved. Also with HSMO our models achieved a high accuracy of 98.27% and F1- score of 98.15% while selecting only 25.78% of the HOG features. This approach not only boosts the performance of CAD models but also ensures comprehensive interpretability. This method emerges as a promising and transparent tool for early breast cancer diagnosis.
Linear waves test for some difference schemes for ideal MHD
Authors: Boldarev Aleksey Sergeevich , Gasilov Vladimir Anatolievich
Published: September 2024

One-dimensional linear wave testing has been performed for some numerical techniques for solution of the ideal magnetohydrodynamic system of equations. The mesh-characteristic method is under consideration as well as the numerical technique implemented in the software package MARPLE. The results are compared with the results of the similar tests performed for the schemes implemented in Athena code (Roe, HLLD, HLLE). Our schemes demonstrate values of the norm of the numerical solution error for propagation of the low-amplitude (linear) MHD-waves which are comparable with the numerical techniques implemented in Athena code.
Two-level parametric method for low-thrust trajectory optimization
Authors: Morgunov Nikolay Vitalevich , Shirobokov Maksim Gennadievich
Published: September 2024

A direct method is proposed for solving the optimal control problem of a spacecraft equipped with a low-thrust engine. The control function is parameterized using polynomials and switching moments between active and passive control modes. The essence of the method lies in separating optimization parameters: at the outer level, the switching time moments of control modes are optimized, while at the inner level, the coefficients of auxiliary polynomials are optimized. The method’s performance is demonstrated on problems of interplanetary flight to Mars and the conversion of impulse control to continuous control.
Upaya Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Matematika Tentang Pengurangan dengan Model Pembelajaran Kontekstual Siswa Kelas 1 Semester II Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sunarsih Sunarsih
Published: August 2024

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar Matematika khususnya pada materi pengurangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Matematika tentang pengurangan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kontekstual diharapkan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.Metode pembelajaran kontekstual adalah konsep belajar yang membantu guru mengaitkan antara  materi yang diajarkannya dengan situasi dunia nyata siswa dan mendorong siswa membuat hubungan antara pengetahuan yang dimilikinya dengan penerapannya dalam kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan obyek penelitian siswa kelas I SD Negeri 2 Gatak. Fokus penelitian pada pengurangan dengan pembelajaran kontekstual sebagai upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar Matematika. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengamatan langsung terhadap proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan dari hasil belajar siswa pada kegiatan pembelajaran pra siklus, siklus I dan siklus II. Peningkatan tersebut dapat dilihat dari besarnya nilai rata-rata siswa dan prosentase ketuntasan hasil belajar dari KKM yang ditentukan sebesar 65. Berdasarkan dari hasil observasi tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kontekstual mata pelajaran Matematika materi pengurangan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas I SD Negeri 2 Gatak. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan untuk perbaikan pembelajaran dengan kasus serupa.
Penerapan model pembelajaran SQ3R untuk meningkatkan keterampilan membaca pemahaman peserta didik kelas IV sekolah dasar
Authors: Amalia Rinda Suci
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this research is improving reading comprehension skills problems by applying SQ3R model. This research has two cycles in Classroom Action Research. The students of the 4th students at SDN Pajang IV Surakarta in the 2019/2020 academic year are the subjects, totalling 26 students. Data collection techniques in this research are interviews, observation, test, and documentation. Data analysis in kuantitative used content validity and triangulation. Qualitative analysis data using the Miles-Huberman interactive model. Research result in the first cycle in a percentage of 53.84% in classical, and the research continued with the second cycle and the result are in percentage are 88.46% in classical. Based on the result of the research, it can be conclude that reading comprehension skill on 4th students of SDN Pajang IV Surakarta in the 2019/2020 academic year can be improved through the SQ3R model.
Upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar dengan menggunakan media dan bahan kubus Styrofoam satuan mata pelajaran matematika kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Emi Sri
Published: August 2024

In essence, education is a conscious effort by one person towards others in order to have recognition and skills. How to motivate students to better master the concept of learning objectives that are planned. In the process of education it always happens. Changes in behavior, not only changes from not knowing to knowing, but more than that, changes are expected to cover all aspects of education such as cognitive, effective and psychometric. This study aims to improve learning achievement of adding mixed fractions with unit cube media from Styrofoam students in class V SDN Kawengen 02 in 2018/2019 academic year. This research is a class action research carried out in two cycles with research subjects in class V SDN Kawengen 02 totaling 37 students. The instruments used in this study include the Student Task Sheet (LTPD), the student activity observation sheet, field notes and documentation drawings. Data from these instruments were analyzed using guidelines and established criteria. The results of the study show that learning using manipulative media can increase the active participation of students in learning which results in an increase in the achievement of learning outcomes.
Pengendalian mutu pendidikan anak usia dini melalui pembinaan kinerja pendidik dengan cara on the job and off the job training di korwil dindikpora
Authors: Rokhadi Rokhadi
Published: August 2024

Early childhood education is the most strategic stage of education in efforts to

increase human resources. However, it will be successful if it is supported by the quality of implementation, especially the performance of the educators. Therefore there needs to be quality control efforts through fostering teacher performance by means of on the job and of the job training. Based on theoretical exposure and discussion of problems, it can be concluded as follows: (1) That early childhood education has a strategic role in preparing resources quality human resources in the future; (2) The administration and implementation of early childhood education, especially in the informal route, has not shown the expected quality, both in facilities and infrastructure and in the performance of educators; (3) PAUD supervisors have a strategic role in coaching educators at both the institutional, village and sub-district levels through On the job Training and Off the job Training approaches to improve Educator competencies which include pedagogical, professional, social and personality; (4) PAUD supervisors need or must equip themselves with the various abilities needed in the implementation of the Educator competency development function.
Pengembangan e-modul berbasis flipbook keunikan daerah tempat tinggalku untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa
Authors: Rahmadi T. Rostikawati , Suryanti., R.U. Noviyanti,
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This study aims to develop a flipbook-based e-module as teaching material on the uniqueness of the sub-theme of the area where I live to improve student learning outcomes. The method used in this research is a research and development method with an ADDIE design (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). This study was conducted in May-July 2020. The limited study in this study used a single-group pretest-posttest design without using a control class. Based on the results of the validation of the flipbook-based e-module by three validators and two primary school teachers, they were involved to assess the feasibility of the content, language and appearance. The feasibility assessment by experts and teachers uses a validation sheet via google form. The results obtained indicate valid criteria with an achievement rate of 85.7% so that the e-module is feasible to be used in learning. The results of the pre-test and post-test N-gain analysis showed a mean N-gain value of 0.56 with moderate criteria. This shows that the flipbook based e-module produced in this study is considered valid to be used in teaching the uniqueness of the area where I live in primary school.

 

Kata kunci : E-Modul, Immune System, Learning Outcomes, Elementary School
Kedisiplinan guru: studi kasus SMA Negeri 2 Purworejo
Authors: - Suhada , Purbonuswanto Welius
Published: August 2024

The objectives to be achieved in this study, (1) describe the characteristics of teacher discipline in learning administration at SMA Negeri 2 Purworejo. (2) describe the characteristics of teacher discipline in learning at SMA Negeri 2 Purworejo. (3) describe the characteristics of teacher discipline in the evaluation of learning at SMA Negeri 2 Purworejo. The results showed that, (1) the characteristics of teacher disciplinary violations in SMA Negeri 2 Purworejo. The types of disciplinary violations that are mostly done by teachers are minor disciplinary violations, with punishments in the form of verbal warnings, written warnings, and written statements of dissatisfaction. The type of minor disciplinary violation does not rule out the possibility of turning into a moderate type of disciplinary violation. For disciplinary violations in the severe category, there were no teachers who committed serious disciplinary violations. For serious disciplinary violations, if the violator commits a criminal act that has received a permanent judge's decision, the sanction is in the form of dismissal from office. (2) the characteristics of teacher discipline enforcement at SMA Negeri 2 Purworejo. Efforts made by schools to prevent violations committed by teachers are to carry out socialization of laws and regulations concerning the implementation of civil servant discipline or teachers, provide regular and continuous guidance to teachers, and carry out supervision. To prevent disciplinary violations from occurring again, the school provides strict sanctions to disciplinary violators in accordance with the disciplinary violations committed.
Identifikasi permasalahan implementasi pembelajaran pada masa pandemi di sekolah dasar
Authors: Palupi Galuh Ratna , Wahyuningsih Siti , Suharno Suharno
Published: August 2024

The research aims to identify implementation issues of learning at the time of the pandemic at SDN 3 Karangsambung in 2020 based on Environment-Load Theory. The method used in this research was a descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of this research were 1st-6th grade teachers at SDN 3 Karangsambung. Data were collected using in-depth interview techniques, observation, and document analysis. Data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and deduction drawing. Analysis shows that problems have been found in the learning implementation process at the time of the pandemic at SDN 3 Karangsambung, namely lack of access to online learning activities, low levels of teacher and learner interaction, and lack of learning methods variations. According to the Environment-Load Theory, this problem stems from the amount of stimulus that must be accepted by the research subject of the environment. In accordance with the Environment-Load Theory, where stimulus received exceeds capacity, would create issues. Based on this study, it can be concluded that education implementation problems at the time of pandemic at SDN 3 Karangsambung due to the stimulus received by SDN 3 Karangsambung’s teachers. The study implicates to show identification of the implementation problems of learning based on the Environment-Load Theory that can be used to reference such studies and reference to schools, teachers, or others in policymaking regarding the implementation of learning. 
Analisis kesulitan guru dalam mengimplementasikan penilaian autentik pada kurikulum 2013 revisi di sekolah dasar
Authors: Wulandari Neneng Sri , Winarni Retno , Surya Anesa
Published: August 2024

One problem faced when implementing the 2013 curriculum at SD Negeri Jajar No. 73 Surakarta, is about the application of authentic assessment. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the teacher's knowledge about authentic assessment, factors that cause teachers difficulties in implementing authentic assessment, and solutions that teachers do to overcome these difficulties. This research is descriptive qualitative. The subject of this study was teacher at SD Negeri Jajar No. 73 Surakarta. Data was collected by interview, observation and documentation. The results of research showed: 1) teachers understanding of authentic assessment is good, teachers knew that authentic assessment is an assessment that used in 2013 curriculum consisting of cognitive, affective, psychomotor assessments. 2) Factors causing difficulties faced by teachers in implementing authentic assessment, namely: often found different basic competencies from one book to another, there are still some students who do not collect assignments, too many assessment techniques that need to be done cause teachers to experience being overwhelmed, time is limited. 3) The teacher's efforts to overcome difficulties when implementing authentic assessment are: always looking for the latest information (up to date), attending training or workshops related to authentic assessment, teachers can manage time better.