bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembelajaran Interaktif Dasar Pengelompokan Hewan Dengan Metode Computer Based Intruction
Authors: Setiyadi Didik , Khoirunnisa Mutia , Rofiah Syahbaniar
Published: July 2019

Abstract
 
Children are more interested in playing mobile games than reading books. Therefore mobile devices can be utilized in the learning process and learning tools in the interactive learning applications based on Android mobile devices. Computer-based learning or often called Computer Based Instruction, provides a clearer and more understandable understanding of the material with a variety of appropriate simulations. In this study, an interactive learning application was designed by applying the Computer Based Instruction method, also this application can be used to learn the types of animals based on the basics of grouping with a combination of graphics, text, sound, video and animation. This interactive learning app also provides some interactive games. This interactive Android-based learning applications could help children in learning basic animals grouping materials.
 
Keywords: Computer Based Instruction, Interactive Learning, Basic Animal Grouping, Adobe Flash CS6, Android.
 
Abstrak
 
Remaja saat ini lebih tertarik bermain mobile game dari pada membaca buku pelajaran. Untuk itu, perangkat mobile dapat dimanfaatkan dalam proses belajar anak salah satunya adalah dengan menyediakan sarana belajar berupa aplikasi pembelajaran interaktif berbasis Android pada perangkat mobile. Pembelajaran berbasis komputer atau yang sering disebut Computer Based Instruction, memberikan pengertian materi yang lebih jelas dan mudah dipahami dengan berbagai macam simulasi yang sesuai. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti merancang aplikasi pembelajaran interaktif dengan menerapkan metode Computer Based Instruction  dimana aplikasi ini dapat di gunakan untuk mempelajari jenis-jenis hewan berdasarkan dasar-dasar pengelompokannya dengan kombinasi grafik, teks, suara, video, dan animasi. Aplikasi pembelajaran interaktif ini juga menyediakan beberapa permainan interaktif. Dengan adanya aplikasi pembelajaran interaktif berbasis Android ini, diharapkan dapat membantu anak dalam mempelajari materi dasar- dasar pengelompokan hewan.
 
Kata kunci: Computer Based Instruction, Pembelajaran Interaktif, Dasar Pengelompokan Hewan, Adobe Flash CS6, Android.
Outlaws and Misfits: The Identities of Modernist Criticism
Authors: Knights Ben
Published: July 2019

The images of the writer as exile and outlaw were central to modernism's cultural positioning. As the Scrutiny circle's ‘literary criticism’ became the dominant way of reading in the University English departments and then in the grammar-schools, it took over these outsider images as models for the apprentice-critic. English pedagogy offered students not only an approach to texts, but an implicit identity and affective stance, which combined alert resistance to the pervasive effects of mechanised society with a rhetoric of emotional ‘maturity’, belied by a chilly judgementalism and gender anxiety. In exchanges over the close reading of intransigent, difficult texts, criticism's seminars sought a stimulus to develop the emotional autonomy of its participants against the ‘stock response’ promulgated by industrial capitalism. But refusal to reflect on its own method meant such pedagogy remained unconscious of the imitative pressures that its own reading was placing on its participants.
Women in Love and Education: D. H. Lawrence's Epistemological Critique
Authors: Periyan Natasha
Published: July 2019

On a plot level, D. H. Lawrence's Women in Love rejects the conformity of the classroom and the narrowness of intellectual knowledge, celebrating instead the realm of instincts and the senses. Like its teacher-author, though, the novel retains a pedagogic design; to lead the reader through the experience of the text's narrative confusions into an epistemological critique of the rationalised intellect and the male teachers who embody it. Attention to the poems and textbooks Lawrence was writing during the novel's gestation show that Lawrence's developing modernist style was an an alternative form of teaching ‘sense’ to his readers, in line with his wider conception of the educational qualities of art.
Is Chronic Shame a Life Sentence?
Authors: Edery A Rivka
Published: July 2019

Shame is a painful, universal emotional response to a failure, shortcoming, or other wrongdoing of what society demands or what a person demands of him or herself. Scientists have learned that very young infants experience shame (as a personal feeling of unworthiness and shame), when they experience rejection-even if it is unintentional. Children, who are admonished for doing something over which they have limited or no control, are also capable of feeling shame. On a more serious, long-lasting scale, physical and sexual abuse and other traumatic experiences, particularly those that happen directly to the child, without adequate intervention, may lead to the development of shame as well. Considering the origin of the shame-wound is critical as well. If one is the child of abusive and/or addicted parents, their shame could have been an emotional and psychological transplant. Assessing if the shame is a consequence of actions, inactions, or someone elses conflicts, can allow for internal conflict resolution.
Current Evidence for the Use of Aspirin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and a CHA2DS2-Vasc=1
Authors: Rico-Mesa Juan Simon , Cornell Stephanie , Kanakia Rushit
Published: July 2019

Aspirin was once the mainstay of stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. Its popularity was based on the results of the SPAF and PATAF trials, which showed the low risks of this therapy and the many benefits it had to offer in terms of embolic complications prevention. Nevertheless, aspirin has lost popularity in atrial fibrillation since the CHADS, CHA2DS2-VASc and HASBLED scoring systems were first introduced. These scoring systems showed a different perspective, which highlighted that thromboembolic risk varied among individuals and that a generalization on antiplatelet therapy for atrial fibrillation was not effective. These caveats gave support to additional treatments based on anticoagulation, including warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants. These treatments gained popularity based on the superiority over warfarin, first described on the BAFTA trial, which nominated the warfarin as the standard of care for atrial fibrillation thromboembolic prevention. Since then, direct anticoagulation therapies have gained popularity based on the results of the ARISTOTLE (apixaban), RE-LY (dabigatran), ROCKET-AF (rivaroxaban), ENGAGE TIMI 48 AF (edoxaban) trials. However, the CHA2DS2-VASc score was generous with aspirin, since it opened a possible recommendation for low CHA2DS2-VASc scores (0-1). This comprehensive literature review is intended to discuss the arguments behind this last statement and to show the available evidence in favor of and against aspirin for non-valvular atrial fibrillation in low thromboembolic risk patients.
Reconstruction of maxillary anterior defect using autogenous bone graft-A case report.
Authors: Muthunagai R , Agarwal Mudit , Sivasankary R
Published: July 2019

Maxilla-mandibular discontinuity produces severe cosmetic and functional deformities. There are many options available for the reconstruction of the maxilla-mandibular osseous defects. Alloplastic materials like organic calcium salts or synthetic materials such as methylmethacylate, proplast and Teflon and larger reconstruction plates, have all been used for reconstruction with varying degrees of success. At present, autogenous bone grafting is the gold standard and mainstay for maxilla-mandibular bony reconstruction.

Key Words- Autogenous bone graft, Maxillary defect, Classification
Impacted permanent maxillary central incisor in paediatric patient
: Diagnosis, treatment, consequences
Authors: Singh Garima , Sharma Amil , Singh Yadav Omkar , Khurana Nagesh
Published: July 2019

Odontomas are commonly encountered benign odontogenic tumours. They are broadly classified as complex and compound odontoma. This paper describes a case of compound odontomas in paediatric patient that remained undiagnosed because of asymptomatic nature. This case was reported to the dental clinic for missing upper front tooth and compromised aesthetics. A conservative surgical approach was followed to remove odontoma. This paper also describes the rare consequence, i.e., transformation of benign odontoma to a malignant lesion, that could have led to a more complicated clinical condition if left undiagnosed and/ or untreated. Concerning the consequences, it is advised that an early diagnosis will allow the adoption of less complex treatment and better prognosis.
Key Words : Odontoma ,Central Incisor ,Malignant lesion
Indigenous Knowledge Perspective on Holistic Education and Sustainable Development
Authors: Ong‘eta Wyclife
Published: July 2019

The potential for education to engender development and therefore to provide individuals and communities with opportunities to lift themselves out of poverty is, correctly, stressed throughout contemporary development literature (Subtle, 2009). In confronting the many challenges in the planet, humankind sees in education an indispensable asset in its attempt to achieve ideals of peace, freedom and social justice. In Kenya, Ochieng (2012) contends that citizens are highly educated yet the education is academic only given that socially we are probably the world‘s most ignorant group. Ours is an extremely bad education system as innovation systems do not effectively serve critical national needs. This paper points out that the only way we can fix challenges hindering sustainable development of Kenya is by adapting our colonial education system to enable the young citizenry find identity, meaning, and purpose in life through connections to the community, to the natural world, and to spiritual values. This paper will explore indigenous education systems to interrogate how communities have generally relied on their vast indigenous knowledge and technology to interact with the environment as well as stable coexistence with their immediate environment thus maintaining ecological equilibrium with quality life. Furthermore, the paper will give suggestions that will help educators, policymakers and educational stakeholders to advocate for a holistic system of education that will accelerate Kenya‘s sustainable development and achievement of Vision 2030.
Influence of Industrial Attachment on the Competence of Instructors and Students in Enabling Creative Innovations for Industrialisation in Kenya
Authors: Muthoni David Mutahi , Gunga Samson Okuro , Mutahi Irene Wairimu , Origa Japheth O.
Published: July 2019

Industrial Attachment was a key imperative for instructors who train in technical disciplines. Student attachment had been practised for several decades. However, teaching staffs‘ industrial attachment (TSIA) was a novel idea in developing countries. TSIA could improve the learning environment for competence-based training and assessment (CBTA). Akin to in-service training, TSIA would boost the abilities of staffs in determining relevant content materials; provide linkages with industries on-the-job training and use of appropriate pedagogical strategies for graduates‘ competitive-edge in the world of work. Competent human capital development in the current technological trends would encourage creative innovations for rapid industrialization desired in Kenya. Shortage of creative innovations among technical and vocational graduates which was associated with instructional challenges had persisted. However, reviewed literature focused on research and publicaions, instructors‘ in-service training (INSET), further education, social and industrial partners‘ participation in developing curriculum among other strategies for improving students‘ performance in curriculum based examinations. Although TSIA could encourage creative innovation and catalyze rapid industrialization, it had not been fully exploited. Yet, graduates‘ lack of creative innovations had persisted. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of industrial attachment on instructors‘ and students‘ competence in creative innovations for improved industrial output. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of TSIA activities on the quality of students‘ industrial output in Kenya. The study found that TSIA played an important role in establishing a link with socio-industrial partners, relating teaching and learning processes to the latest development opportunities in for the industries, providing working with most current technology, machinery, equipment, tools and systems, contributing to product and industrial processes through creative innovations, involvement of industrial staff in students‘ competence development, reducing cost of recruitment and hence improving industrial savings. The study concluded that if collaborative industrial attachment between instructors and students was practised, the result was improved students‘ competence in creative innovations leading to globally competitive industrial output. The study recommended involvement of industrial and social partners in standardized assessment of collaborative supervised industrial attachment for students and academic staff.
Intangible Assets for Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Institutes of Higher Learning
Authors: Jeketule Jacob Soko
Published: July 2019

Resources and capabilities are the building blocks upon which an organisation can create and execute value-adding strategy so that it earns reasonable returns and achieves strategic competitiveness (Management, 2012). A company‘s resource strength forms the cornerstones of strategy because they represent the company‘s best chance for market success (Duncane, Ginter, & Swaye, 1998). This article seeks to find out what kind of resources and capabilities thriving institutes of higher learning in Kenya possess and build to make them stay afloat amidst stiff competition. The ever-changing tastes and customer needs and preferences have significant influence on how businesses shape their strategy to compete with other industry players. The education industry in Kenya has not been spared from this trend. Colleges and universities are facing demanding customers who seek customised education services tailored to their own pace, preferred location and time. While some colleges and universities have thrived because they have taken advantage of the opportunities in their environment some have closed doors while others have resorted to unethical ways to attract students. The play-field has been left to those colleges and universities that have reengineered their organisational activities to address the ever-changing needs and preferences of customers in order to have a competitive edge in the industry. This article discusses the value of intangible assets, anchoring its arguments on the resource based view of the firm. We argue that reputation, organisational leadership, and collaboration are vital for institutes of higher learning to thrive. It recommends that institutes of higher learning should concentrate on building resource strengths and capabilities that make them gain and sustain competitive advantage. We propose action research to continuously improve organisational processes. We further propose a conceptual framework that may lead institutions of higher learning to gain and sustain competitive advantage. By focusing on building intangible assets, which are less prone to imitation, this article will address the challenges of competition in the higher education industry.
Secondary School Principals’ Perceptions of the Influence of KEMI Programmes on Leadership Competence Levels in Two Counties in Kenya
Authors: Kombo D K , Kalai J M , Sang A K
Published: July 2019

Adequate preparation and professional development is imperative for institutional leaders and managers particularly those in the education sector with a view to equipping professionals with requisite knowledge, skills and attitudes to function to the required competency levels. The Ministry of Education (Kenya) has been spending large amounts of money on development of educational managers,through its management training agency Kenya Education Management Institute (KEMI). For instance, in 2006 the annual management training budget was KShs. 250million (Kenya Education Staff Institute, 2006). The budget is likely to have gone up owing to inflation rates and escalating living standards. This study sought to analyse the influence of KEMI management training on secondary school principals‟ management practices in their administrative task areas in Kenya. The study also sought to determine whether significant differences existed in principals‘ management practices scores between principals exposed to management training and those who had not been exposed to KEMI management training. The study also sought to determine whether principals‘ management practices scores differed significantly based on school categories (provincial and district schools). The findings indicated significant differences in principals‘ management practices based on exposure to management training by KEMI, and those not exposed to such training programmes. In particular, principals exposed to KEMI management training exhibited higher scores in all administrative tasks while all principals cited challenges in financial management, legal aspects in education and resource management. Principals in provincial schools indicated having more of the best practices in management than their counterparts in district and private schools.
Tutor ICT Skills and the Realisation of Kenya’s Vision 2030
Authors: Muyaka Jafred , Gathara Peter Mugo
Published: July 2019

The Kenya Vision 2030 identifies science, technology and innovation as key drivers in creating wealth, social welfare and international competitiveness. In recognition of the role of technology in achieving Vision 2030, the government pledged to strengthen technical capabilities by emphasising technological learning at all levels. The vision affirmed that it is only through an educated and skilled manpower that Kenya will be able to create, share and utilise knowledge well. To produce a workforce capable of fitting into the knowledge driven society, training of teachers in Primary Teachers Colleges was to integrate Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in teaching and learning. The government carefully prepared ICT policies to guide the use of ICTs in teaching and learning as a proper way of imparting in teacher trainees the skills needed for preparing learners with the right training. Among the policies was providing extensive training to tutors on use of ICTs in teaching and learning. The study analysed the implementation of this policy in Primary Teachers Colleges. The analysis sought to find out whether and what gaps exist between the stated government policy designed to guide use of ICTs in teaching and learning and the actual practice during the implementation process. The study sites were four PTCs in Kenya offering certificate courses commonly known as P1 colleges. These were three public PTCs and one private college targeting college heads, deans of curriculum, tutors, students and Ministry of Education officials. The study applied multiple case study design in soliciting views, perceptions, opinions and experiences regarding implementation of government ICT policies. A combination of research instruments were used in collecting the data. These included:- questionnaires, interviews and observation schedules. The data was analysed both  qualitatively and quantitatively using SPSS. The study findings established that there were a number of inconsistencies in the implementation of government policies on use of ICTs in teaching and learning and the actual practice during the implementation process. Although the policy required that lecturers at PTCs were to attend ICT in-service training to integrate ICT in classroom teaching, 53.8% of the teaching staff had not attended any in-service training on use of ICT in teaching and learning. The study concludes that the identified inconsistencies in the use of ICT skills of tutors had impacted negatively on the preparation of primary teachers with competencies in ICT use, hence undermining the realisation of Vision 2030. Therefore the study recommends establishment of partnership between the government, private sector and the PTCs to equip the tutors with the necessary and relevant ICT training to allow integration of ICT in teaching and learning.
Revisiting African Traditional Education to Promote Peace through Education in Africa
Authors: Musyoka-Kamere Isabella
Published: July 2019

African traditional values are the principles, standards and qualities, which Africans traditionally held dear for perpetuation of culture and society. They are the values that guided human action towards a common good. There are certain things that Africans found intrinsically valuable, that gave them a distinct cultural personality and enabled them to contribute to knowledge and history. Some of these include the sense of community life, sacredness of life and respect for authority and elders.These values of African traditional education can be revisited to infuse peace and unity in today‘s fragmenting society. Peace here is taken to mean the non-violent,  non-exploitative, cohesive, tolerant and united co-existence between people and respect for the social environment. This paper will document the dominant African cultural values and attempt to assess the contribution of these values to the promotion of peace in modern times. This is a library-based research, which involves a desk review ofarticles, documents and internet sources to draw facts and use the information to provide suggestions for promoting peace. It will try to bring out the salient values of African culture and see how these can be adapted to today‘s world to enhance peaceful co-existence and thus lead to change in public consciousness and habits to improve the quality of life. The findings of the study will highlight viable options for African societies to come out of their cultural quagmire and suggest ways of preserving values that lead to national cohesion and development.
Teacher Capacity and Preparedness in HIV/AIDS Education in Multicultural Refugee Schools of North-Western Kenya
Authors: Ochieng‘ Rubai Mandela
Published: July 2019

In Kenya, schools in refugee camps follow the same curriculum, which integrates HIV/AIDS education in all subjects, as regular schools. Consequently, the refugee camp schools mainly rely on teachers who are trained for the regular schools, in addition to untrained teachers and volunteers from the refugee community who are sometimes given in-service training. While research demonstrates that Kenyan teachers experience multiple challenges with HIV/AIDS education in regular schools for which they were trained, there was a dearth of knowledge in regard to how the teachers engaged with HIV/AIDS education in a more complex multicultural refugee setting. In view of the foregoing, a qualitative study was done in 6 primary schools, 3 from Kakuma Refugee Camp (KRC) and 3 from the surrounding host community (HC). One of the research objectives was to determine the capacity and preparedness of teachers in HIV/AIDS education in a multicultural and multi-religious contextof refugee schools. A sample of 617 individuals, comprising 422 males and 195 females was used in the study. This included teachers, headteachers, pupils, religious leaders, NGO staff and community members. Data was obtained by use of semi-structured interviews, observation, drawing, documentary analysis and FGDs. Findings reveal that the KRC school teachers portrayed a good mastery of the HIV/AIDS education content and effectively used participatory teaching methods, apparently due to regular teacher training workshops at the camp. However, there was a tendency for teachers at both KRC and HC schools to over-engage learners from their own cultural groups. The HC school teachers, who relied on irregular government training workshops, often made seemingly small mistakes that could have major implications for HIV/AIDS Education. This included giving inaccurate information on HIV transmission as well as passing messages that could easily encourage stigmatization of people living with HIV. Classroom observation revealed that regardless of their level of training, teachers at both KRC and HC schools were influenced by their various religious beliefs while teaching HIV/AIDS education. Among other recommendations, this paper points to the need for regular teacher training workshops on HIV/AIDS education that would target classroom teachers rather than headteachers who rarely teach.
Continuing Professional Development
Authors: Gathara Peter Mugo
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to explore and analyse provision of information to secondary school teachers’ in their endeavour to participate in Continuing Professional Development (CPD). In the current educational era, the trial and error teaching, and take it or leave it professional development programmes are no longer acceptable. In this respect, teacher training entails more than the mastery of certain practical knowledge, pedagogical skills, and techniques. Therefore, CPD plays an important role in teacher development geared towards classroom improvement. This paper highlights the need for secondary school teachers to be provided with information about CPD. This is significant in that CPD is hoped to provide a basis for teacher professional improvement discussion in Kirinyaga County. CPD will lead to constructive discussions by appropriate education experts in Kenya on vital professional development challenges that involve provision of information. Hopefully, CPD would stimulate educational research geared towards secondary school teacher improvement. The methodology used entailed a mixed method study design that involved analysis of macro and micro aspects using quantitative and qualitative techniques in the collection of data. A vertical case study method was used in sampling of twelve secondary schools in Kirinyaga County. The sampled schools were further subjected to a survey method where questionnaires were administered to teachers while six others were subjected to an in-depth case study involving teachers and principals. In the schools where case study was used, data was collected using in-depth interviews with principals and teachers. Teachers were further subjected to Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The data collected was analysed qualitatively, though quantitative data was used for clarification where it was found necessary. The study found out that there is disparity on information provision from the different groups of people expected to provide critical information to teachers. Teachers need to be provided with information on CPD so that they can improve their professional status geared to classroom practices. The limitation of this study is that the findings could not be generalized to other schools and regions within the country without modification.
Adapting Innovative Cost-effective Student Mentorship and Practicum to Enhance Quality Teacher Education Programmes
Authors: Karugu Augustine M. , Chege Fatuma N.
Published: July 2019

At the turn of the 21st Century, Kenyatta University (KU), whose niché is teacher education, had realised that the traditional Teaching Practice (TP) was becoming inadequate in the preparation of its student teachers. Firstly, was the problem of matching the fast-growing student population in education programmes with the declining staff population qualified to supervise them during TP. Secondly; the trend of rising related costs was posing considerable challenge. It was therefore necessary to interrogate the situation systematically through action research with the aim of developing innovative interventions that would help cut down financial costs and enhance quality of the TP. Literature review in this area indicated that TP could be greatly enhanced through teacher-mentorship programmes that addressed quality of graduate teachers in cost-effective ways. Consequently, in Year 2012, Kenyatta University Management mandated the Directorate of the then Teaching Practice and the Office of Dean, School of Education, to explore the viability of transforming the traditional TP through innovative approaches that entailed teacher-student mentorship programme. A pilot study was designed within the framework of Action Research and historical approaches. The pilot study was organised within partnership of KU and its TP participating schools. It was conducted in 6 purposively sampled TP zones. There were 34 duly recruited teacher mentors and their school principals as well as the KU students posted to those schools. The results of the pilot study strongly supported the intended transformation thus allowing KU to successfully implement the current Teaching Practicum and Mentorship programme.
Developing Research Partnerships in Emerging Nations
Authors: Jotia Agreement Lathi
Published: July 2019

This article, which was built upon research linked to the development of sustainable study abroad programs in emerging nations, focuses on key challenges to true partnerships between universities in the “North” and “South.” The article begins with an analysis of challenges frequently experienced by universities from the  “North” and “South” when attempting to develop an equitable partnership based on joint grants and/or research projects. It also includes a discussion of struggles experienced by faculty (also known as “academic staff ”) at both universities who desire a more equitable relationship that will enhance the missions of both institutions. Following this theoretical analysis, the study focused on one particular partnership between two universities from the “North” and the “South” (The University of Central Florida, USA, and the University of Botswana), during study abroad programs spanning five years and funded by the U.S. State Department (2012-2015) and the Fulbright-Hays Groups Project Abroad (2011). An analysis of this partnership is particularly relevant as it focuses on the initial steps, dialogues, perspectives and actions of both institutions as they worked through a host of preconceived notions on neocolonialism and the challenges of successfully operating by another’s “rules of engagement” within a dynamic geopolitical platform.
Relationship between Parental Marital Status and Students’ Academic Performance in Day Secondary Schools of Dagoretti Sub District of Nairobi County, Kenya.
Authors: Mutisya Rosemary Mueni , Kigen Edward , Mugambi Doyne , Migosi Boaz
Published: July 2019

Academic performance is one of the important aspects of a student’s life and therefore it is important to understand the factors that hinder or promote it. Various researches on factors affecting performance have been done, however there is little local research on how family structure affects academic performance. This study examined students’ academic performance vis-à-vis single and two parent family structures. It also investigated if there were any gender differences in academic performance as determined by parental marital status. The target population was form three students in day secondary schools of Dagoretti Sub District, Nairobi County, Kenya. The sample of the study consisted of 196 students drawn from five day secondary schools. The study used descriptive survey and ex post facto methodology. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the schools and classes for the study respectively. Questionnaires and class achievement records were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), t-test and Chi-square test at significance level of 0.05. The study found no relationship between parental marital status and students’ academic performance as majority of students, regardless of family structure, performed equally poorly with a mean grade of less than ‘C’. The results showed that there was no difference in the academic performance of students from single and two parent families (P=0.776). Additionally, the results indicated that there was no significant difference in the academic performance of male and female students from single and two parent families (P=0.348) and altogether these outcomes established that there was no bearing between parental marital status and students’ academic performance (P=0.873). On the basis of this finding, it was recommended that parents and schools/teachers should provide necessary conduciveness to all learners to deal with the challenges they face at home and school, in order to obtain desired academic performance.
Sexuality Education
Authors: Ngesu Lewis Muli , Gichohi Alice
Published: July 2019

Sex education has become a major concern in our universities that needs redress. Regardless of this, only few studies have been done on it. This paper seeks to review various studies done by researchers on safer sexual behaviour amongst university students and the impacts of risky sexual behaviour amongst the same. It majors on abstinence, condom utilization, contraception, students’ lawlessness and other contributing factors to sexual moral decadence. To mitigate problems related to risky sexual behaviour, it will require a holistic approach from relevant stakeholders as well as implementing new policies in these institutions. This would entail pre-hand orientation of new students, curriculum review and integration of university dons and staff in the health education as a way of alleviating sexual abuse. In addition to policies, a policy action environment is necessary to address sexual and reproductive health rights among university students. This can be achieved through skill building programs such as sex education, peer counseling, and sensitization on contraceptive use.
Relationship between Academic Emotions, Self-efficacy and mathematics achievement of secondary school students in Central Division, Machakos County, Kenya
Authors: Mutisya Elizabeth N. , Kinai Theresia K , Dinga Jotham N. , Mutweleli Samuel M.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between academic emotions and self- efficacy in predicting mathematics achievement of secondary school students. A random sample of 300 form three students (150 males, 150 females) was selected from public secondary schools in Central Division, Machakos County, Kenya. Correlation research design was adopted and data collected using a self report questionnaire. Analysis of examination records was done to obtain data on mathematics achievement. Relationships were determined using Pearson product-moment correlation method while t-test for independent samples was used to determine gender differences between students’ academic emotions, self-efficacy and mathematics achievement. Results revealed a significant relationship between students academic emotions, self-efficacy and mathematics achievement. Significant gender differences were found in students’ academic emotions and self-efficacy. The findings are useful in helping students to develop control over the process of learning mathematics and attach high value to the subject, which lead to development of positive emotions which have a positive correlation to academic achievement.
Effects of Maternal Care During Rearing in White Leghorn and Brown Nick Layer Hens on Cognition, Sociality and Fear
Authors: Hewlett Susie E. , Nordquist Rebecca E.
Published: July 2019

Both genetic background and maternal care can have a strong influence on cognitive and emotional development. To investigate these effects and their possible interaction, White Leghorn (LH) and Brown Nick (BN) chicks, two hybrid lines of layer hen commonly used commercially, were housed either with or without a mother hen in their first five weeks of life. From three weeks of age, the chicks were tested in a series of experiments to deduce the effects of breed and maternal care on their fear response, foraging and social motivation, and cognitive abilities. The LH were found to explore more and showed more attempts to reinstate social contact than BN. The BN were less active in all tests and less motivated than LH by social contact or by foraging opportunity. No hybrid differences were found in cognitive performance in the holeboard task. In general, the presence of a mother hen had unexpectedly little effect on behavior in both LH and BN chicks. It is hypothesized that hens from commercially used genetic backgrounds may have been inadvertently selected to be less responsive to maternal care than ancestral or non-commercial breeds. The consistent and strong behavioral differences between genetic strains highlights the importance of breed-specific welfare management processes.
Modulation of Metamorphic and Regenerative Events by Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Exposure in Tadpoles, Xenopus laevis
Authors: Holganza Ma Veronica , Rivie Adonis , Martus Kevin , Menon Jaishri
Published: July 2019

Atmospheric pressure plasma has found wide clinical applications including wound healing, tissue regeneration, sterilization, and cancer treatment. Here, we have investigated its effect on developmental processes like metamorphosis and tail regeneration in tadpoles. Plasma exposure hastens the process of tail regeneration but delays metamorphic development. The observed differences in these two developmental processes following plasma exposure are indicative of physiological costs associated with developmental plasticity for their survival. Ultrastructural changes in epidermis and mitochondria in response to the stress of tail amputation and plasma exposure show characteristics of cellular hypoxia and oxidative stress. Mitochondria show morphological changes such as swelling with wide and fewer cristae and seem to undergo processes such as fission and fusion. Complex interactions between calcium, peroxisomes, mitochondria and their pore transition pathways are responsible for changes in mitochondrial structure and function, suggesting the subcellular site of action of plasma in this system.
Harnessing Induced Essentiality: Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX and Angiogenesis Reduces Lung Metastasis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Xenografts
Authors: Hedlund Eva-Maria E. , McDonald Paul C. , Nemirovsky Oksana , Awrey Shannon , Jensen Lasse D.E. , Dedhar Shoukat
Published: July 2019

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is aggressive, metastatic and drug-resistant, limiting the spectrum of effective therapeutic options for breast cancer patients. To date, anti-angiogenic agents have had limited success in the treatment of systemic breast cancer, possibly due to the exacerbation of tumor hypoxia and increased metastasis. Hypoxia drives increased expression of downstream effectors, including Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX), a critical functional component of the pro-survival machinery required by hypoxic tumor cells. Here, we used the highly metastatic, CAIX-positive MDA-MB-231 LM2-4 orthotopic model of TNBC to investigate whether combinatorial targeting of CAIX and angiogenesis impacts tumor growth and metastasis in vivo to improve efficacy. The administration of a small molecule inhibitor of CAIX, SLC-0111, significantly reduced overall metastatic burden, whereas exposure to sunitinib increased hypoxia and CAIX expression in primary tumors, and failed to inhibit metastasis. The administration of SLC-0111 significantly decreased primary tumor vascular density and permeability, and reduced metastasis to the lung and liver. Furthermore, combining sunitinib and SLC-0111 significantly reduced both primary tumor growth and sunitinib-induced metastasis to the lung. Our findings suggest that targeting angiogenesis and hypoxia effectors in combination holds promise as a novel rational strategy for the effective treatment of patients with TNBC.
Reviewing without a Clinical Background Is Detrimental for Cancer Pain Management
Authors: Mercadante Sebastiano
Published: July 2019

Reviews are a fundamental space for summarizing and spreading knowledge on a particular topic. Methodologic skills may improve the clarity and the meaning of data presentation. A recent editorial choice provided an advanced update on a topic such as cancer pain, providing meaningful and appropriate information on hot topics of cancer pain management. Recent reviews have reported strange and misleading data, suggesting to some adjuvant drugs or opioids for mild-moderate pain instead of opioids on the basis of an incomprehensible analysis performed without any clinical sense. This is a serious problem because such information, published in an authoritative journal, could dis-educate oncologists in their daily practice.
The Implication of Benzene–Ethanol Extractive on Mechanical Properties of Waterborne Coating and Wood Cell Wall by Nanoindentation
Authors: Wu Yan , Sun Yingchun , Yang Feng , Zhang Haiqiao , Wang Yajing
Published: July 2019

The waterborne coating uses water as its solvent, which will partially dissolve wood extractives when it is applied to wood surfaces. This influences both the coating curing process and the mechanical properties of the cured coating. To investigate these influences, the mechanical properties of waterborne polyacrylic coating on control and extractive-free wood surfaces were investigated by nanoindentation. Reductions to elastic modulus (Er) and hardness (H) of the coating layer was observed in the wood cell walls adjacent to or away from coating layers. Extraction treatment resulted in significant decrease of the Er and H of the coating layer on extractive-free wood surface comparing with control wood, but the values slightly increased for extractive-free wood cell walls compared to a control. Er and H of coating in wood cell lumen were higher than the average value of coating layer on wood surface in both the control and extractive-free wood. The Er of wood cell wall without coating filled in lumen was significantly higher than those of filling with coating. However, there was no distinct difference of H. The Er and H of CCML in extractive-free wood were 15% and 6% lower than those in control ones, respectively.
Acoustic Impedance Inversion Using Gaussian Metropolis–Hastings Sampling with Data Driving
Authors: Wu Hao , Chen Yingpin , Li Shu , Peng Zhenming
Published: July 2019

The Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method based on Metropolis–Hastings (MH) sampling is a popular approach in solving seismic acoustic impedance (AI) inversion problem, as it can improve the inversion resolution by statistical prior information. However, the sampling function of the traditional MH sampling is a fixed parameter distribution. The parameter ignores the statistical information of AI that expands sampling range and reduces the inversion efficiency and resolution. To reduce the sampling range and improve the efficiency, we apply the statistical information of AI to the sampling function and build a Gaussian MH sampling with data driving (GMHDD) approach to the sampling function. Moreover, combining GMHDD and MCMC, we propose a novel Bayesian AI inversion method based on GMHDD. Finally, we use the Marmousi2 data and field data to test the proposed method based on GMHDD and other methods based on traditional MH. The results reveal that the proposed method can improve the efficiency and resolution of impedance inversion than other methods.
Economic-Engineering Modelling of the Buildings Sector to Study the Transition towards Deep Decarbonisation in the EU
Authors: Fotiou Theofano , de Vita Alessia , Capros Pantelis
Published: July 2019

The paper presents a newly developed economic-engineering model of the buildings sector and its implementation for all the European Union (EU) Member States (MS), designed to study in detail ambitious energy efficiency strategies and policies, in the context of deep decarbonisation in the long term. The model has been used to support the impact assessment study that accompanied the European Commission’s communication “A Clear Planet for All”, in November 2018. The model covers all EU countries with a fine resolution of building types, and represents agent decision-making in a complex and dynamic economic-engineering mathematical framework. Emphasis is given to behaviours driving the energy renovation of buildings and the ensuing choice of equipment for heating and cooling. The model represents several market and non-market policies that can influence energy decisions in buildings and promote deep energy renovation. Moreover, the paper presents key applications for supporting policies targeting ambitious reduction of energy consumption and carbon emissions in buildings across Europe. The results illustrate that the achievement of ambitious energy-efficiency targets in the long-term heavily depends on pursuing a fast and extensive renovation of existing buildings, at annual rates between 1.21% and 1.77% for the residential sector and between 0.92% to 1.35% for the services sector. In both cases, the renovation rates are far higher past trends. Strong policies aimed at removing non-market barriers are deemed necessary. Electrification constitutes a reasonable choice for deeply renovated buildings and, as a result, almost 50% of households chooses electric heating over gas heating in the long term. However, heat pumps need to exploit further their learning potential to be economical and implementable for the various climatic conditions in Europe. The results also show that the cost impacts are modest even if renovation and decarbonisation in buildings develop ambitiously in the EU. The reduced energy bills due to energy savings can almost offset the increasing capital expenditures. Fundraising difficulties and the cost of capital are, however, of concern.
Application of Ordinal Optimization to Reactive Volt-Ampere Sources Planning Problems
Authors: Lee Wen-Tung , Horng Shih-Cheng , Lin Chi-Fang
Published: July 2019

Reactive volt-ampere sources planning is an effort to determine the most effective investment plan for new reactive sources at given load buses while ensuring appropriate voltage profile and satisfying operational constraints. Optimization of reactive volt-ampere sources planning is not only a difficult problem in power systems, but also a large-dimension constrained optimization problem. In this paper, an ordinal optimization-based approach containing upper and lower level is developed to solve this problem efficiently. In the upper level, an ordinal search (OS) algorithm is utilized to select excellent designs from a candidate-design set according to the system’s structural information exploited from the simulations executed in the lower level. There are five stages in the ordinal search algorithm, which gradually narrow the design space to search for a good capacitor placement pattern. The IEEE 118-bus and IEEE 244-bus systems with four load cases are employed as the test examples. The proposed approach is compared with two competing methods; the genetic algorithm and Tabu search, and a commercial numerical libraries (NL) mixed integer programming tool; IMSL Numerical Libraries. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed approach yields an outstanding design with a higher quality and efficiency for solving reactive volt-ampere sources planning problem.
The Study of an Ultraviolet Radiation Technique for Removal of the Indoor Air Volatile Organic Compounds and Bioaerosol
Authors: Liu Chao-Yun , Tseng Chao-Heng , Wang Huang-Chin , Dai Chuan-Fa , Shih Yi-Hsuan
Published: July 2019

This study examined the use of high dosages of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) (253.7 nm) to deal with various concentrations of air pollutants, such as formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), under various conditions of humidity. A number of irradiation methods were applied for various durations in field studies to examine the efficiency of removing HCHO, TVOC, bacteria, and fungi. The removal efficiency of air pollutants (HCHO and bacteria) through long-term exposure to UVGI appears to increase with time. The effects on TVOC and fungi concentration were insignificant in the first week; however, improvements were observed in the second week. No differences were observed regarding the removal of HCHO and TVOC among the various irradiation methods in this study; however significant differences were observed in the removal of bacteria and fungi.