bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Apixaban Versus Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Extremes in Body Weight
Authors: Hohnloser Stefan H. , Fudim Marat , Alexander John H. , Wojdyla Daniel M. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Hanna Michael , Atar Dan , Hijazi Ziad , Bahit M. Cecilia , Al-Khatib Sana M. , Lopez-Sendon Jose Luis , Wallentin Lars , Granger Christopher B. , Lopes Renato D.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Guidelines caution against the use of non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with extremely high (>120 kg) or low (≤60 kg) body weight because of a lack of data in these populations.

Methods:

In a post hoc analysis of ARISTOTLE (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation; n=18 201), a randomized trial comparing apixaban with warfarin for the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, we estimated the randomized treatment effect (apixaban versus warfarin) stratified by body weight (≤60, >60–120, >120 kg) using a Cox regression model and tested the interaction between body weight and randomized treatment. The primary efficacy and safety outcomes were stroke or systemic embolism and major bleeding.

Results:

Of the 18 139 patients with available weight and outcomes data, 1985 (10.9%) were in the low-weight group (≤60 kg), 15 172 (83.6%) were in the midrange weight group (>60–120 kg), and 982 (5.4%) were in the high-weight group (>120 kg). The treatment effect of apixaban versus warfarin for the efficacy outcomes of stroke/systemic embolism, all-cause death, or myocardial infarction was consistent across the weight spectrum (interaction
P
value>0.05). For major bleeding, apixaban had a better safety profile than warfarin in all weight categories and even showed a greater relative risk reduction in patients in the low (≤60 kg; HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36–0.82) and midrange (>60–120 kg) weight groups (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.61–0.83; interaction
P
value=0.016).

Conclusions:

Our findings provide evidence that apixaban is efficacious and safe across the spectrum of weight, including in low- (≤60 kg) and high-weight patients (>120 kg). The superiority on efficacy and safety outcomes of apixaban compared with warfarin persists across weight groups, with even greater reductions in major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation with low to normal weight as compared with high weight. The superiority of apixaban over warfarin in regard to efficacy and safety for stroke prevention seems to be similar in patients with atrial fibrillation across the spectrum of weight, including in low- and very high–weight patients. Thus, apixaban appears to be appropriate for patients with atrial fibrillation irrespective of body weight.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00412984.
Contribution to the taxonomy and distribution of Bupleurum boissieri, B. aequiradiatum and B. gerardi (Apiaceae) in the Balkans
Authors: STOYANOV STOYAN
Published: February 2019

Bupleurum uechtritzianum, recently described from Bulgaria, is synonymized with B. boissieri. Bupleurum boissieri, so far known for Georgia, Syria, and Turkey (Asia Minor), first becomes recognized for the Balkans (Northeastern Bulgaria and Romanian Dobrogea) and the Crimea. Bupleurum aequiradiatum, endemic to the Balkans, is reported from Romania for the first time, and is excluded from Albania and Croatia. Bupleurum gerardi does not occur in the Balkans and its records in Bulgaria belong to B. commutatum. The lectotype of B. aequiradiatum is also designated here. A dichotomous key to the Balkan representatives of Bupleurum section Juncea and close-up photographs of their diagnostic characters are provided.
Redescription of Lasioseius floridensis Berlese, 1916 (Acari: Mesostigmata: Blattisociidae), with notes on closely related species
Authors: BRITTO ERIKA P. J. , LINDQUIST EVERT E. , DE MORAES GILBERTO J.
Published: February 2019

A redescription of Lasioseius floridensis Berlese, 1916 is presented based on examination with descriptive notes of primary type material in the Berlese Collection and on a study of specimens collected from gerbera leaves in Mogi das Cruzes, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil representing all postembryonic stages. This species was originally described from Lake City, Florida, USA, where it was collected from moss; it is considered a senior synonym of Lasioseius arboreus Chant, 1963 (new synonymy) and Lasioseius fimetorum Karg, 1971 (new synonymy), based on examination of primary type material of the latter two species. Examination of other primary type material also indicated that Lasioseius sugawarai Ehara, 1964 is a senior synonym of Lasioseius tridentatus Baker, Delfinado & Abbatiello, 1976 (new synonymy). Placement of L. floridensis among other of the ca 150 species of Lasioseius, based on available keys, and the need for more detailed descriptions of species of genera such as Lasioseius, confirmed by examination of their primary type material, are discussed.
Brachyuran crabs of the family Macrophthalmidae Dana, 1851 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Macrophthalmidae) of the Persian Gulf
Authors: NADERLOO REZA , TÜRKAY MICHAEL , APEL MICHAEL
Published: February 2019

The family Macrophthalmidae Dana, 1851, is one of the best represented brachyuran groups in intertidal habitats in the Persian Gulf. Nine species from two subfamilies are reported from the gulf and the adjacent Gulf of Oman, mainly inhabiting intertidal soft substrates. The subfamily Ilyograpsinae Števcic, 2005, is represented by Ilyograpsus rhizophorae Barnard, 1950, erroneously recorded as I. paludicola (Rathbun, 1909). Eight species of the subfamily Macrophthalminae Dana, 1851, have been recorded from the area, all belonging to Macrophthalmus Desmarest, 1823. Of these, M. sinuspersici Naderloo & Türkay, 2010, has recently been described and is the only species of the genus occurring on rocky shores. Macrophthalmus graeffei A. Milne-Edwards, 1873, occurs in subtidal water and is hereby recorded for the first time from the northern Indian Ocean. The remaining six species, M. dentipes Lucas, 1836, M. depressus Rüppell, 1830, M. grandidieri A. Milne-Edwards, 1867, M. laevis A. Milne-Edwards, 1867, M. serenei Takeda & Komai, 1991, and M. sulcatus H. Milne-Edwards, 1852, are important elements of the intertidal soft bottom communities. An identification key for the genus Macrophthalmus in the area is provided, and the geographical distribution of the family is briefly discussed.
A new Discidae subgenus and two new species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the Canary Islands
Authors: YANES YURENA , HOLYOAK GERALDINE A. , HOLYOAK DAVID T. , ALONSO MARIA R. , IBÁÑEZ MIGUEL
Published: February 2019

The family Discidae has undergone extensive speciation in the Macaronesian region (eastern Atlantic Ocean), with 11 endemic species recognised from Madeira and the Canary Islands in recent checklists (Bank, Groh & Ripken 2002; Seddon 2008; Fauna Europaea database project 2011), grouped into the genera Keraea Gude, 1911 and Discus Fitzinger, 1833: K. deflorata (R.T. Lowe, 1855) and D. (Atlantica) guerinianus (R.T. Lowe, 1852), from Madeira; and nine species from the Canary Islands: K. garachicoensis (Wollaston, 1878), D. scutula, (Shuttleworth, 1852), D. engonatus (Shuttleworth, 1852), D. textilis (Shuttleworth, 1852), D. retextus, (Shuttleworth, 1852), D. putrescens (R.T. Lowe, 1861), D. ganodus (J. Mabille, 1882), D. gomerensis Rähle, 1994, and D. kompsus (J. Mabille, 1883). In contrast with the anatomical data known for the European and North American genera Discus and Anguispira Morse, 1864 (Uminski 1962; Pilsbry 1948), there has hitherto been no information published on the internal anatomy of the Canary Islands and Madeiran species, which are known only by their shell characters. In this paper we raise Atlantica to the rank of genus in the Discidae and describe shell and anatomical characters for two new species from La Gomera and Tenerife, respectively. They are grouped in a new subgenus of Atlantica, largely restricted to the laurisilva. This laurel-rich forest occurs in humid subtropical and warm-temperate regions with little variability in temperatures and is developed between 600 and 1,200 m above sea level in the Canary Islands (Yanes et al. 2009b: Fig. 2).
A new species of Tetragonopterus Cuvier, 1816 (Characiformes, Characidae, Tetragonopterinae) from the upper rio Araguaia, Central Brazil
Authors: SILVA GABRIEL S. C. , BENINE RICARDO C.
Published: February 2019

A new characid, Tetragonopterus anostomus, is described from the upper rio Araguaia, Central Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners (T. argenteus, T. carvalhoi, T. chalceus e T. rarus) by traits related to the position of the mouth, number of premaxillary teeth, number of predorsal scales, overall color pattern, and number of gill rakers. A brief discussion on its putative ecomorphological adaptations is provided.
Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae)
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-SHENG , LI SHUQIANG , ZHENG GUO
Published: February 2019

Spiders of the family Hahniidae from the rainforest area of Xishuangbanna are examined. Totally 7 species, including 5 new species are reported: Alistra annulata sp. nov. (male), A. hippocampa sp. nov. (male, female), Hahnia saccata sp. nov. (male, female), H. submaginii sp. nov. (male, female) and H. senaria sp. nov. (male, female). Two known species, Hahnia flagellifera Zhu, Chen & Sha, 1989 (male, female) and H. himalayaensis Hu & Zhang, 1990 (male, female) are firstly recorded from Yunnan Province and redescribed here. The genus Alistra is firstly recorded from China. Morphological descriptions, illustrations and photos of all species are given. All specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS).
A new genus Microphylacinus and revision of the closely related Phylacinus Fairmaire, 1896 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini) from Madagascar
Authors: IWAN DARIUSZ , KAMIŃSKI MARCIN , AALBU ROLF
Published: February 2019

Two new species from the genus Phylacinus Fairmaire,1896 (Phylacinus fisheri sp. nov., P. kavanaughi sp. nov.) and a new genus Microphylacinus gen. nov. with a single species Microphylacinus verendus sp. nov. are described. These genera are distributed mainly along the coast of Madagascar. The material studied was acquired from California Academy of Sciences expeditions conducted between 2000 and 2002. Examined specimens allowed us to revise the genus Phylacinus and confirm previously described species. New localities were recorded for Phylacinus peyrierasi Ardoin, 1967 and Phylacinus ferreri Iwan, 2004. A key is proposed to the species of Phylacinus. Microphylacinus differs from Phylacinus by its small size, sulcate fronto-clypeal suture and fully divided aedeagal tegmen.
Immature stages of Homophileurus tricuspis Prell (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini) with notes on natural history and distribution in Colombia
Authors: MORENO JHON CÉSAR NEITA , RATCLIFFE BRETT C.
Published: February 2019

The larva and pupa of Homophileurus tricuspis Prell (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini) are described for the first time based on specimens from Colombia. A key to the known third-stage larvae of New World Phileurini species is provided. Notes on the natural history and distribution of H. tricuspis in Colombia are also included.
Myrmeleotettix Bolivar (Orthoptera, Gomphocerinae) in Anatolia on the basis of morphological and behavioural characters: data suggest a new species from southern end of the Anatolian refugium
Authors: SIRIN DENIZ , MOL ABBAS , CIPLAK BATTAL
Published: February 2019

Myrmeleotettix Bolivar, 1914 (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Gomphocerinae) is a genus represented by nine species in the whole Palaearctic. It is poorly known in Anatolia except some records of M. maculatus. As for the other glacial refugia, cold preferring members of this genus are discontinuously distributed on high altitudes in Anatolia. Additionally, morphology is not sufficiently useful in taxonomy of gomphocerinae members for those producing a complicate courtship song. Thus an accurate taxonomy requires extensive materials and different character sources. In this study, the taxonomy of Anatolian Myrmeleotettix is reexamined on the basis of qualitative and morphometric morphology, and male calling and courtship songs. Song and morphology both suggest the existence of two species in Anatolia. The first is M. maculatus (Thunberg) which is distributed along the northern one-third of Anatolia in addition to other parts of West Palaearctic. The second is a new species, Myrmeleotettix ethicus sp. n. possibly endemic to the southwest corner of Anatolia. The new species can be easily distinguished from the most similar species M. maculatus by morphology as well as by song characters. The conclusions are: (i) similarities in courtship and calling songs of these two species may indicate that they are sister species (ii) from habitat preference and distribution patterns it can be inferred that they diverged following a cold period and the new species is a remnant of ancestral population in southern Taurus, and (iii) the new species is a range restricted, vulnerable species as is the case for many other taxa present in the Mediterranean Taurus biodiversity hotspot.
Revision of the crassipes and pictipes species groups of Apiomerus Hahn (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae)
Authors: BERNIKER LILY , SZERLIP SIGURD , FORERO DIMITRI , WEIRAUCH CHRISTIANE
Published: February 2019

Within the genus Apiomerus Hahn, 1831, the crassipes and the pictipes species groups are described. In the crassipes species group, three species are redescribed: Apiomerus crassipes (Fabricius, 1803), Apiomerus rufipennis (Fallou, 1889) and Apiomerus spissipes (Say, 1825); one subspecies is raised to species level and redescribed: Apiomerus cooremani Costa Lima, Campos Seabra & Hathaway, 1951; and six species are described as new: Apiomerus californicus Berniker & Szerlip, sp. nov., Apiomerus cazieri Berniker & Szerlip, sp. nov., Apiomerus floridensis Berniker & Szerlip, sp. nov., Apiomerus montanus Berniker & Szerlip, sp. nov., Apiomerus peninsularis Berniker & Szerlip, sp. nov. and Apiomerus wygodzinskyi Berniker & Szerlip, sp. nov. In the pictipes species group, two species are redescribed, Apiomerus flaviventris Herrich-Schaeffer, 1846 and Apiomerus pictipes Herrich-Schaeffer, 1846, and one subspecies, Apiomerus pictipes pittieri Costa Lima, Campos Seabra, & Hathaway, 1951 is synonymized with Apiomerus pictipes. Neotypes are designated for Apiomerus flaviventris, Apiomerus pictipes, and Apiomerus spissipes. Lectotypes are designated for Apiomerus cooremani and Apiomerus crassipes. The composition of the species groups are different from those originally proposed by Sigurd Szerlip in his PhD dissertation. The crassipes group has one additional member, Apiomerus rufipennis. Furthermore, Apiomerus barrocoloradoi Forero, Berniker & Szerlip, 2010 and the two manuscript names “Apiomerus panther” and “Apiomerus tigris” were removed from the pictipes group. A key to the species is provided, as well as photographs of habitus and diagnostic features for both males and females. Intraspecific polychromatism is discussed as it relates to species identification and species delimitation.
Insects found in birds’ nests from the Neotropical Region: addenda, corrections, and the Subantarctic Region of Argentina and adjacent countries
Authors: IORIO OSVALDO DI , TURIENZO PAOLA
Published: February 2019

An addendum to the bibliographical review of the insects found in birds´nests is presented: first, to the Neotropical immigrants in the Nearctic Region; second, to the Neotropical Region, including Argentina; and third, a summarization of the data from the Subantarctic Region (Antarctic Dominion) of Argentina and adjacent countries. Localities, numbers of specimens, collections, and other details are provided, when they were stated, in original and later citations.
Studies on the Australian Muscidae (Diptera). VIII. The genus Lispe Latreille, 1797
Authors: PONT ADRIAN C.
Published: February 2019

The 39 Australian species of the genus Lispe Latreille are revised, including 22 new species here described. A key to species is given, and descriptions of both sexes are provided, including the male and female terminalia. Illustrations of external characters and of the male and female terminalia are given, including habitus photographs of the new species. Summaries of biology and habitat preferences, where known, are described. 22 new species are described: Lispe absentiseta sp. nov., Lispe affinis sp. nov., Lispe attenuata sp. nov., Lispe brendana sp. nov., Lispe caespitosa sp. nov., Lispe cilitibia sp. nov., Lispe collessi sp. nov., Lispe crinitarsis sp. nov., Lispe cristata sp. nov., Lispe esuriens sp. nov., Lispe floccosa sp. nov., Lispe glauca sp. nov., Lispe gracilitarsis sp. nov., Lispe grisea sp. nov., Lispe hamulifera sp. nov., Lispe howeana sp. nov., Lispe incana sp. nov., Lispe lamellata sp. nov., Lispe nigrimanoides sp. nov., Lispe orbitalis sp. nov., Lispe penicillata sp. nov. and Lispe vikhrevi sp. nov.
The Effects of a Well-Resolved Stratosphere on the Simulated Boreal Winter Circulation in a Climate Model
Authors: Kawatani Yoshio , Hamilton Kevin , Gray Lesley J. , Osprey Scott M. , Watanabe Shingo , Yamashita Yousuke
Published: February 2019

The impact of stratospheric representation is investigated using the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate Atmospheric General Circulation Model (MIROC-AGCM) run with different model-lid heights and stratospheric vertical resolutions, but unchanged horizontal resolutions (~1.125°) and subgrid parameterizations. One-hundred-year integrations of the model were conducted using configurations with 34, 42, 72, and 168 vertical layers and model-lid heights of ~27 km (L34), 47 km (L42), 47 km (L72), and 100 km (L168). Analysis of the results focused on the Northern Hemisphere in winter. Compared with the L42 model, the L34 model produces a poorer simulation of the stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) in the lower stratosphere, with weaker polar downwelling and accompanying cold-pole and westerly jet biases. The westerly bias extends into the troposphere and even to the surface. The tropospheric westerlies and zone of baroclinic wave activity shift northward; surface pressure has negative (positive) biases in the high (mid-) latitudes, with concomitant precipitation shifts. The L72 and L168 models generate a quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) while the L34 and 42 models do not. The L168 model includes the mesosphere, and thus resolves the upper branch of the BDC. The L72 model simulates stronger polar downwelling associated with the BDC than does the L42 model. However, experiments with prescribed nudging of the tropical stratospheric winds suggest differences in the QBO representation cannot account for L72 − L42 differences in the climatological polar night jet structure. The results show that the stratospheric vertical resolution and inclusion of the full middle atmosphere significantly affect tropospheric circulations.
On the Accuracy of Vaisala RS41 versus RS92 Upper-Air Temperature Observations
Authors: Sun Bomin , Reale Tony , Schroeder Steven , Pettey Michael , Smith Ryan
Published: February 2019

The accuracy of Vaisala RS92 versus RS41 global radiosonde soundings, emphasizing stratospheric temperature, is assessed from January 2015 to June 2017 using ~311 500 RS92 and ~65 800 RS41 profiles and three different reference data sources. First, numerical weather prediction (NWP) model outputs are used as a transfer medium to produce relative RS92 and RS41 comparisons by analyzing observation minus NWP model background (OB–BG) and observation minus analysis (OB–AN) differences using the NOAA Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR; both comparisons) and the operational European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model (OB–AN comparison only). Second, GPS radio occultation (GPSRO) dry temperature profiles are directly compared with radiosondes, using GPSRO data from the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) and EUMETSAT Radio Occultation Meteorology (ROM) Satellite Application Facility (SAF). Third, dual launches (RS92 and RS41 suspended from the same balloon) at five sites allow direct assessments. Comparisons of RS92 versus RS41 from all reference data sources are basically consistent. These two sondes agree well with global average temperature differences <0.1–0.2 K in the lower stratosphere from 51.5 to 26.1 hPa based on global stations and the dual launches. RS41 appears to be less sensitive than RS92 to changes in solar elevation angle. This study indicates that nighttime RS92 and RS41 radiosonde temperature biases are negligible, but infers a stratospheric cold bias (<0.5 K) in the CFSR and ECMWF model data.
Blood Cell Parameters and Predicting Coronary In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Liu Chi , Fang Hong
Published: February 2019

Major advances in coronary interventional techniques and pharmacotherapy as well as the use of drug-eluting stents (DESs) have considerably reduced the risk of in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, ISR remains a major clinical challenge. Inflammation and platelet activation are important processes that underlie the pathophysiology of ISR. Parameters related to blood cells, entailing both cell count and morphology, are useful markers of the inflammatory response and platelet activation in clinical practice. Recent studies have highlighted several new combined or derived parameters related to blood cells that independently predict ISR after DES implantation. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, an inflammatory marker, is regarded as a predictor of the risk of ISR and the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. The mean platelet volume, a widely used platelet activation parameter, has been shown to be a predictor of the risk of ISR and the efficacy of antiplatelet therapy. Other markers considered include the platelet/lymphocyte ratio, red blood cell distribution width, and platelet distribution width. This review provides an overview of these parameters that may help stratify the risk of coronary angiographic and clinical outcomes related to ISR.
Powder binders used for the manufacturing of wind turbine rotor blades. Part 2. Investigation of binder effects on the mechanical performance of glass fiber reinforced polymers
Authors: Schmidt Stefan , Mahrholz Thorsten , Kühn Alexandra , Wierach Peter
Published: February 2019

The automated manufacturing of wind turbine rotor blades needs binder systems which meet the requirements for online processing, show good preforming properties and do not affect the mechanical performance of the glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. In this study, especially the binder effect on the mechanical performance of corresponding glass fiber reinforced polymer is focused on. Three commercially available thermoplastic binders of different chemical composition and solubility in a rotor blade proven epoxy resin are used: Grilon MS (strongly soluble), D 2433E (partially soluble) and K140 (non-soluble). After manufacturing the binder-modified glass fiber reinforced polymer plates by the vacuum-assisted resin infusion technique, their mechanical performance is investigated with respect to binder solubility and concentration (1–3 wt.%). The mechanical characterization is based on tensile and compression tests – both longitudinal (0°) and transversal (90°) – as well as shearing tests (±45°). It is found that the glass fiber reinforced polymer strength and stiffness is strongly controlled by binder solubility and content. In the case of limited binder solubility and insolubility (D 2433E and K140), the performance of the composites reduces significantly as binder content increases. In contrast, stiffness and strength are not affected by the soluble binder Grilon MS, regardless of its content. These glass fiber reinforced polymer results strongly correspond with the results obtained for binder modified resin plates in a previous study. This correlation highlights the fact that binder ability for the preforming process might be classified by a simple pre-test for solubility and mechanical properties using the modified resin instead of applying the costly and time-intensive manufacturing steps of glass fiber reinforced polymer plates.
Auditory Gaydar: Perception of Sexual Orientation Based on Female Voice
Authors: Sulpizio Simone , Fasoli Fabio , Antonio Raquel , Eyssel Friederike , Paladino Maria Paola , Diehl Charlotte
Published: February 2019

We investigated auditory gaydar (i.e., the ability to recognize sexual orientation) in female speakers, addressing three related issues: whether auditory gaydar is (1) accurate, (2) language-dependent (i.e., occurs only in some languages, but not in others), and (3) ingroup-specific (i.e., occurs only when listeners judge speakers of their own language, but not when they judge foreign language speakers). In three experiments, we asked Italian, Portuguese, and German participants (total N = 466) to listen to voices of Italian, Portuguese, and German women, and to rate their sexual orientation. Our results showed that auditory gaydar was not accurate; listeners were not able to identify speakers’ sexual orientation correctly. The same pattern emerged consistently across all three languages and when listeners rated foreign-language speakers.
Gender Differences in the Dating Experiences of African American Young Adults: The Challenge of Forming Romantic Relationships Within the Context of Power Imbalance
Authors: Simons Leslie Gordon , Sutton Tara E. , Landor Antoinette M. , Barr Ashley B. , Bryant Chalandra M. , Granberg Ellen M.
Published: February 2019

Past research has documented that structural factors produce a skewed dating market in African American communities that advantages men over women. Using data collected from a sample of 495 African American young adults (55.8% women, Mage = 22), we tested the idea that African American men can be more selective when choosing dating partners than their female counterparts due to their power advantage. Consonant with this hypothesis, our results indicated that women who had characteristics consistent with men’s mate preferences were significantly more likely to be involved in dating relationships. However, there were no associations between the likelihood of men’s dating frequency or relationship status and whether they typified women’s mate preferences. These findings support the contention that, unlike their male counterparts, African American women may have to compromise their mate preferences and date less desirable partners due to the gendered power disadvantage in the dating market.
Indigenous Knowledge in a Postgenomic Landscape: The Politics of Epigenetic Hope and Reparation in Australia
Authors: Warin Megan , Kowal Emma , Meloni Maurizio
Published: February 2019

A history of colonization inflicts psychological, physical, and structural disadvantages that endure across generations. For an increasing number of Indigenous Australians, environmental epigenetics offers an important explanatory framework that links the social past with the biological present, providing a culturally relevant way of understanding the various intergenerational effects of historical trauma. In this paper, we critically examine the strategic uptake of environmental epigenetics by Indigenous researchers and policy advocates. We focus on the relationship between epigenetic processes and Indigenous views of Country and health—views that locate health not in individual bodies but within relational contexts of Indigenous ontologies that embody interconnected environments of kin/animals/matter/bodies across time and space. This drawing together of Indigenous experience and epigenetic knowledge has strengthened calls for action including state-supported calls for financial reparations. We examine the consequences of this reimagining of disease responsibility in the context of “strategic biological essentialism,” a distinct form of biopolitics that, in this case, incorporates environmental determinism. We conclude that the shaping of the right to protection from biosocial injury is potentially empowering but also has the capacity to conceal forms of governance through claimants’ identification as “damaged,” thus furthering State justification of biopolitical intervention in Indigenous lives.
Development Outcomes of Old and New Sources of International Development Finance in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sarvananthan Muttukrishna
Published: February 2019

This research article compares and contrasts development outcomes of ‘traditional’ or ‘old’ and ‘emerging’ or ‘new’ sources of international development finance in Sri Lanka during the ceasefire time (2002–2005) when it depended on former sources and the post-civil war period (2009–2012) when it depended heavily on the latter sources. It also compares and contrasts the development outcomes in Sri Lanka (a lower middle income country), which depended heavily on the ‘emerging’ or ‘new’ sources of international development finance, and Nepal (a low income country), which depended on ‘traditional’ or ‘old’ sources of international development finance, during the first five years after the end of their respective civil wars. Although the causality is difficult to establish, the data presented herein demonstrates that while GDP growth and per capita income growth have been greater under the new international development finance regime in Sri Lanka, positive changes in the rates of inflation, unemployment, and poverty have been greater under the old international development finance regimes in Sri Lanka and Nepal.
South Africa and the Question of Hegemony in Africa
Authors: Ogunnubi Olusola , Akinola Adeoye
Published: February 2019

This article examines the viability of mainstream neo-realist international relations scholarship for understanding regional power dynamics within Africa by offering a critical evaluation of the categorization of South Africa as a hegemonic power on the continent. Using the theoretical framework of hegemonic stability theory, it argues that there is a somewhat weak link between South Africa’s foreign policy character and its hegemonic disposition in Africa. The South African state, which is the driving force for political, economic and foreign policy processes, is itself subordinate in relation to international capital and lacks the influence expected of a regional hegemon. Despite South Africa’s development, the article demonstrates that its dependency provides the theoretical construct for understanding the country’s ambiguous hegemonic projection. This analytical framework captures the crux of the “hegemonic debate” as well as other conversations in relation to the adaptation of the concept of hegemony to Africa. Therefore, any application of the hegemonic discourse to South Africa necessarily requires a deeper understanding that takes cognizance of the fact that country’s regional hegemony operates within the orbit of a dependent-development paradigm in the global economic order, a neo-liberal order that continues to deepen Africa’s dependency syndrome. Dependency, as well as other complexities, impedes the reality of South Africa’s hegemonic ambitions in Africa.
Revisiting Agrarian Reform in Brazil, 1985–2016
Authors: Robles Wilder
Published: February 2019

This article examines Brazil’s experience in agrarian reform from 1985 to 2016. After more than three decades of agrarian reform, Brazil remains a country with highly skewed landownership. Peasant-led agrarian reform efforts have had limited impact in changing this situation. Agrarian reform remains an unfulfilled political promise, and this situation continues to create tensions and conflicts in the countryside. The main reason for the persistence of skewed land concentration is the State’s support of agribusiness. Successive post-1985 democratic governments have encouraged the opening of new agricultural frontiers by providing generous economic incentives. Land redistribution has been offset by further land possession; that is, the expansion of small-scale agricultural farming has been counterbalanced by the expansion of large-scale, capital intensive agriculture. Agribusiness has not only undermined agrarian reform efforts but has also generated a growing dependency on a socially and environmentally destructive monoculture agricultural economy. Moreover, Brazil’s current political and economic crisis has further undermined the struggle for agrarian reform.
Lefort, Abensour and the question: What is ‘savage’ democracy?
Authors: Nelson Bryan
Published: February 2019

One of the more perplexing terms to appear across Claude Lefort’s later oeuvre, ‘wild’ or ‘savage’ democracy ( démocratie sauvage) has proved a difficult and divisive facet of Lefort’s political philosophy. Enigmatic, provocative, stubbornly undefined, while savage democracy is often simply ignored by many scholars of Lefort’s work, others, such as Miguel Abensour, place it at the very centre of their interpretation of his thought. This essay confronts the question directly. What is savage democracy? What is it that Lefort invites us to think with this curious phrase? How does it relate to his larger theory of democracy as a symbolic mutation or form of society? And is Abensour, who provides the most exhaustive analysis of the concept, correct to identity savage democracy as the key to grasping democracy as a spontaneous and emancipatory political activity? Considering both its conceptual origins and historical associations, this article contends that beyond a mere descriptive qualifier, savage democracy may ultimately be understood as a philosophical vehicle through which we are compelled to conceive democracy according to its most creative and transformative dimensions and capacities.
Gendered dating messages have consequences for both intended and unintended audiences
Authors: Cameron Jessica J. , Robinson Kelley J. , Parker Patti C. , Hole Christine
Published: February 2019

Would-be-daters are surrounded by media messages that both target one gender and pit men and women against each other in the dating game (i.e., gendered relationship messages). How do these messages influence relationship initiation? In the present research, we focus on the consequences of being primed with gendered dating messages via actual book titles. We propose that such messages should have mixed consequences depending on (a) whether the reader’s gender is congruent with the message’s target gender and (b) the dating outcome. In two experiments, we tested how exposure to gendered dating messages influences emotions, motivation, and self-presentation. Individuals exposed to gender-incongruent messages exhibited higher self-protection motives. Conversely, those exposed to gender-congruent messages experienced reduced feelings of vulnerability, yet had the counterproductive consequence of creating less likeable self-presentations. Would-be-daters should be cautious in their exposure to both gender-congruent and gender-incongruent dating messages.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in life-threatening massive pulmonary embolism
Authors: Kjaergaard Benedict , Kristensen Jens Hedegaard , Sindby Jesper Eske , de Neergaard Susanne , Rasmussen Bodil Steen
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

In massive pulmonary embolism (PE) with circulatory collapse or with cardiac arrest, treatment can be difficult. Often, the diagnosis is unclear, and the time to treatment is crucial. Our institution has had an out-of-hospital team intended for the treatment of accidental hypothermia with extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) since 2004. The team has occasionally been involved in patients suffering massive PE.

Methods:

We were called to 38 patients with PE, but two were assessed as untreatable. Seventeen were treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation followed by veno-arterial ECMO. Nineteen were prepared for ECMO with sheaths in the femoral vessels and were intensively observed during diagnosis and treatment. Five of these patients later progressed to ECMO due to cardiac arrest during treatment with thrombolytic medication. Most of the patients were treated with heparin and thrombolytic medication, but if the medications were contraindicated, they were treated with either surgical thrombectomy or only with heparin awaiting spontaneous thrombolysis.

Results:

Of the 36 patients we intended to treat, 25 (69%) survived one month and 20 survived one year (56%). Of the 22 patients treated with ECMO, 11 survived one month (50%) and 10 survived one year (45%).

Discussion:

The treatment could have been more uniform. It seems reasonable to build up a PE alert team with ECMO capability to take care of patients with massive PE.

Conclusion:

The treatment of thrombolytic medications in massive PE is risky, but if the patient is treated or prepared for ECMO, it can be lifesaving.
The State of Digital Marketing in Academia: An Examination of Marketing Curriculum’s Response to Digital Disruption
Authors: Langan Ryan , Cowley Scott , Nguyen Carlin
Published: February 2019

Recent advances in technology have affected nearly every facet of marketing. However, less is known about the degree to which marketing education has responded to shifting capabilities and practices. To this end, the current research conducts a systematic analysis of all 529 domestic AACSB undergraduate marketing programs to understand how digital marketing courses have been incorporated into marketing program curricula. We find a broad range of digital marketing courses adopted in a majority of business schools, and that adoption varies by institution type. We find that digital marketing courses, especially analytics, are becoming requirements for marketing degrees with many schools creating opportunities to specialize. Informed by these findings, we propose a framework of stages for marketing programs to adopt a digital marketing orientation. Collectively, this research is designed to provide a comprehensive look at the current state of digital marketing in the marketing education landscape.
Tuning the inner radio: The mental control of musical imagery in everyday environments
Authors: Cotter Katherine N. , Silvia Paul J.
Published: February 2019

How easily can people tune their inner radio? Musical imagery—hearing music in your mind—is common but little is known about people’s ability to control their musical imagery in daily life. A recent model distinguishes between initiation (starting musical imagery) vs. management (modifying, stopping, or sustaining musical imagery) as facets of control, and the present research examined people’s ability to use these two forms of control in daily life. For seven days, students (29 music students, 29 non-music students) were signaled 10 times daily and asked to initiate musical imagery and to perform manipulations on initiated and ongoing imagery (e.g., increasing the tempo, changing the vocalist’s gender). When asked, people reported exerting control over the initiation and management of their musical imagery most of the time. As expected, music students reported controlling their musical imagery more often and more easily. This work suggests that people’s control over their musical imagery is stronger and more flexible than prior work implies.
The Value of Lived Experience With the Criminal Justice System: A Qualitative Study of Peer Re-entry Specialists
Authors: Reingle Gonzalez Jennifer M. , Rana Rachel E. , Jetelina Katelyn K. , Roberts Madeline H.
Published: February 2019

The aim of this article was to describe the implementation and qualitative outcomes of peer reentry specialists (“peers”) on housing attainment, mental health, and substance use problems, and increased life domain functioning. One-on-one interviews were conducted with peers and clients to understand the program implementation, peer experiences, and progress toward target outcomes. Data were iteratively coded using inductive thematic identification and data reduction. Results suggest that peers’ lived experiences were useful in building rapport with clients. Peers applied their lived experiences to assist clients in seeking treatment for substance use and mental health conditions, in addition to helping them locate housing and employment. Several structural barriers prevented peers from addressing client needs. Peer time was routinely consumed by assisting clients in seeking identification, requisite for treatment or use of health care services, housing or securing employment. Findings suggested peers were working to address many client needs. Future research should examine the effectiveness of peer assistance on client-level health outcomes, including recidivism.
Work–Study Boundary Congruence, Contextual Supports, and Proactivity in University Students Who Work: A Moderated-Mediation Model
Authors: Chu Moong L. , Creed Peter A. , Conlon Elizabeth G.
Published: February 2019

Informed by role boundary congruence, person–environment fit, and conservation of resources theories, this study tested a cross-sectional, moderated-mediation model of work–study boundary congruence in working tertiary students ( N = 401). In this model, contextual supports (family and workplace) were associated with well-being, academic performance, and employability, and these relationships were mediated by boundary congruence and were conditional on level of proactivity. The study found that family support (FS) was related to better well-being, academic performance, and employability, whereas workplace support was related to better academic performance. Boundary congruence mediated between FS and the three outcomes and also mediated between workplace support and academic performance. The mediated relationships were stronger when proactivity was lower. The study demonstrated that work–study boundary congruence is a potential mechanism for explaining the relationships between contextual supports and student outcomes and showed that these relationships were conditional on the person factor of proactivity.
Social Entrepreneurial Passion and Social Innovation Performance
Authors: Ko Wai Wai , Liu Gordon , Wan Yusoff Wan Toren , Che Mat Che Rosmawati
Published: February 2019

We develop a framework to explain the underlying processes by which social entrepreneurial passion affects social innovation performance. The findings from a survey of 229 U.K.-registered Community Interest Companies indicate that social entrepreneurial passion can positively influence social innovation performance through creative solution generation capacity (CSGC). We also distinguish the moderating effects of different interorganizational network connections on the relationship between social entrepreneurial passion and CSGC. Our findings reveal that network connections with commercial firms are a stronger moderator of the relationship between social entrepreneurial passion and CSGC than network connections with other social enterprises. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings.
Numerical investigation of the rake angle effect on the hydrodynamic performance of propeller in a uniform and nonuniform flow
Authors: Sajedi Hasan , Mahdi Miralam
Published: February 2019

Marine propeller always operates in the wake of a vehicle (ship, torpedo, submarine) but (due to the high computational cost of simulating vehicle and propeller simultaneously) to investigate the propeller geometric parameters, simulations are usually performed in open-water conditions. In this article, using the computational fluid dynamics method with the control volume approach, the effect of the rake angle on the propeller performance and formation of cavitation in the uniform flow (open water) and the nonuniform flow (wake flow) was investigated. In the nonuniform condition, the array of plates was used to simulate wake at upstream propeller. For uniform flow, steady solution scheme was adopted and for nonuniform flow unsteady solution scheme was adopted, and a moving mesh zone was generated around the propeller. To simulate cavitation a multiphase mixture flow, the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method was used and modeled by Schnerr Sauer's cavitation model. First, the E779a propeller model for numerical validation in the uniform flow and nonuniform flow was investigated. Numerical results were compared with the experimental result, and there was a good agreement between volume of the cavity, thrust, and torque coefficients. To study the effect of rake angle on the performance of B-series propellers, four models with different rake angles were modeled, and simulation was investigated behind the wake. The results of thrust, torque coefficients, and cavitation volume according to the flow parameters and cavitation number were presented as graphs. The results reveals that in the uniform flow, the rake angle has no significant effect on the propeller performance, but behind the wake flow, increase of rake causes to reduce the force applied to the propeller blades, cavitation volume, and pressure fluctuations on the propeller.
New method to evaluate three-dimensional push-off angle during short-track speed skating using wearable inertial measurement unit sensors
Authors: Kim Kyungsoo , Kim Jun Seok , Purevsuren Tserenchimed , Khuyagbaatar Batbayar , Lee SuKyoung , Kim Yoon Hyuk
Published: February 2019

The push-off mechanism to generate forward movement in skating has been analyzed by using high-speed cameras and specially designed skates because it is closely related to skater performance. However, using high-speed cameras for such an investigation, it is hard to measure the three-dimensional push-off force, and a skate with strain gauges is difficult to implement in the real competitions. In this study, we provided a new method to evaluate the three-dimensional push-off angle in short-track speed skating based on motion analysis using a wearable motion analysis system with inertial measurement unit sensors to avoid using a special skate or specific equipment insert into the skate for measurement of push-off force. The estimated push-off angle based on motion analysis data was very close to that based on push-off force with a small root mean square difference less than 6% when using the lateral marker in the left leg and the medial marker in the right leg regardless of skating phase. These results indicated that the push-off angle estimation based on motion analysis data using a wearable motion capture system of inertial measurement unit sensors could be acceptable for realistic situations. The proposed method was shown to be feasible during short-track speed skating. This study is meaningful because it can provide a more acceptable push-off angle estimation in real competitive situations.