bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solar Power Generation Forecast Using Multivariate Convolution Gated Recurrent Unit Network
Authors: Cheng Hsu-Yung , Yu Chih-Chang
Published: June 2024

For the advancement of smart grids, solar power generation predictions have become an important research topic. In the case of using traditional modeling methods, excessive computational costs may be incurred and it is difficult for these methods to learn the multi-variable dependencies of the data. Therefore, in this paper, a deep learning model was used to combine convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory recurrent network predictions. This method enables hourly power generation one day into the future. Convolutional neural networks are used to extract the features of multiple time series, while long short-term memory neural networks predict multivariate outcomes simultaneously. In order to obtain more accurate prediction results, we performed feature selection on meteorological features and combined the selected weather features to train the prediction model. We further distinguished sunny- and rainy-day models according to the predicted daily rainfall conditions. In the experiment, it was shown that the method of combining meteorological features further reduced the error. Finally, taking into account the differences in climate conditions between the northern and southern regions of Taiwan, the experimental results of case studies involving multiple regions were evaluated to verify the proposed method. The results showed that training combined with selected meteorological features can be widely used in regions with different climates in Taiwan.
Enhancing Energy Efficiency of a Dishwasher via Simulation Modeling
Authors: Skarka Wojciech , Sobota Michał , Antys Piotr , Skarka Michał
Published: June 2024

As the regulations and consumer preferences in Europe tend to favor more energy-efficient household appliances, companies have to find innovative ways of saving electric energy during the operations of those appliances. One such method in dishwasher design is to reduce heat energy loss to the surrounding environment and reuse heat energy during the washing cycle, thus minimizing the time that heaters are operating. In this study, a numerical simulation involving computational fluid dynamics is implemented to speed up the iterative process of improving efficiency. The washing cycle has been simplified to include only the most critical moments of dishwasher work, and non-important components have been excluded. A workflow of simulations and numerical methods employed for this task is presented. The numerical simulations are compared with real-life experiments to assess their accuracy and verify boundary conditions. Geometric and washing cycle improvements are compared with the base design and show satisfactory results.
Low Effectiveness of Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Prediction Models of Mediterranean Italian Buffalo Bulk Milk Coagulation Traits
Authors: Guerra Alberto , Boselli Carlo , Galli Tiziana , Ciofi Letizia , Fichi GianLuca , Marchi Massimo De , Manuelian Carmen L.
Published: June 2024

This study evaluated the potential use of mid-infrared spectroscopy to predict milk coagulation traits in bulk milk from Mediterranean Italian buffaloes. A total of 1736 bulk milk samples from 55 farms in central Italy were collected during the official milk quality testing system. The prediction models were developed based on modified partial least-squares regression with 75% of the samples and validated with the remaining samples. All bulk milk samples coagulated between 7.37 and 29.45 min. Average values for milk coagulation traits in the calibration set were 17.71 min, 3.29 min, and 38.83 mm for rennet coagulation time, curd firming time, and curd firmness, respectively. The validation set included samples with similar mean and standard deviation for each trait. The prediction models showed the greatest coefficient of determination of external validation (0.57) and the ratio of prediction to deviation (1.52) for curd firmness. Similar fitting statistics of the prediction models were obtained for rennet coagulation time and curd firming time. In conclusion, the prediction models for all three coagulation traits were below the threshold to consider the prediction models adequate even for rough screening of the samples.
Unraveling the Physicochemical, Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of the Honey Produced from the Fallopia japonica Plant
Authors: Cucu Alexandra-Antonia , Bobiș Otilia , Bonta Victorița , Moise Adela Ramona , Pașca Claudia , Cornea-Cipcigan Mihaiela , Mărgăoan Rodica , Dezsi Ștefan , Botezan Sara , Baciu Ecaterina-Daniela , Giurgiu Alexandru-Ioan , Mălinaș Anamaria , Dezmirean Daniel Severus
Published: June 2024

Fallopia japonica (FJ), commonly known as Japanese knotweed, is now recognized as one of the most invasive plants in Europe and globally. Despite its widespread presence in Europe and its significant nectar production, there is currently limited scientific data on the unique unifloral honey derived from it. This study examines the physicochemical composition of Fallopia japonica honey (FJH) samples collected from various regions in Romania. Additionally, the nutritional and antioxidant profiles of FJH were assessed. The sensory analysis revealed a honey with a brown-caramel color and an intense flavor, characterized by fine, consistent crystals during crystallization. The results indicated that FJH has a high carbohydrate content (fructose: 35.12–40.65 g/100 g; glucose: 28.06–37.79 g/100 g); elevated electrical conductivity (387–692 µS/cm), diastase activity (9.11–17.01 DN), and acidity (21.61–42.89 meq/kg); and substantial total phenolic (89.87–120.08 mg/100 g) and flavonoid (18.13–39.38 mg/g) contents. These findings highlight FJH’s favorable nutritional properties, aligning with the standard codex for honey. The antioxidant profile of FJH demonstrated strong DPPH and ferric reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) activities, comparable to those of buckwheat honey, underscoring its potential health benefits and commercial value. These results provide new insights into how this invasive plant can be harnessed as a valuable resource for sustainable beekeeping practices.
Risk Groups and Psychosocial Factors for the Pandemic (COVID-19)
Authors: Yöyen Elif , Sinanoğlu Ümmühan Deniz , Güneri Barış Tülay
Published: June 2024

COVID-19, which started in 2019 and affected the whole world, has affected everyone at different intensities and in different ways. COVID-19, which is considered a pandemic, has turned into a major public health problem in terms of its consequences and has affected people biopsychosocially. However, people in risk groups may be affected more. This study was conducted to reveal the risk groups for the pandemic and to determine the psychosocial factors. Data were collected online using the relational screening model and snowball sampling methods. A Sociodemographic Information Form, COVID-19 Pandemic Psychosocial Impact Scale (C19-PPIS), and International Personality Inventory Short Form (IPISV) were sent online to 826 participants. Data were analysed using an independent sample t-test, a one-way ANOVA test, and the Pearson Correlation analysis. According to the results, young adults (X¯ = 2.77), women (X¯ = 2.79), singles (X¯ = 2.78), those who are unemployed (X¯ = 2.89), and those who had to change their home or city due to the pandemic (X¯ = 2.89) were more affected by the pandemic. Psychological support was the support system needed the most during the pandemic (X¯ = 3.04). In addition, a negative relationship was found between an extroverted personality and psychosocial impact from the pandemic (r = −0.148 and p < 0.01). A positive relationship was found between introversion (r = 0.183 and p < 0.01), agreeableness (r = 0.078 and p < 0.05), hostility (r = 0.094 and p < 0.01), disorganisation (r = 0.237 and p < 0.01), openness to development (r = 0.80 and p < 0.05), closed off to development (r = 0.070 and p < 0.05), emotional instability personality (r = 0.498 and p < 0.01), and psychosocial impact from the pandemic. This study has revealed important results regarding who has been most affected psychosocially by COVID-19. It is thought that the results obtained can guide state policies on what should be done in the field of preventive community mental health in another possible epidemic.
Sensitivity of Mouse Lung Nuclear Receptors to Electronic Cigarette Aerosols and Influence of Sex Differences: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Rousselle Dustin , Parker Erik , Ekpruke Carolyn Damilola , Alford Rachel , Babayev Maksat , Commodore Sarah , Silveyra Patricia
Published: June 2024

The emerging concern about chemicals in electronic cigarettes, even those without nicotine, demands the development of advanced criteria for their exposure and risk assessment. This study aims to highlight the sensitivity of lung nuclear receptors (NRs) to electronic cigarette e-liquids, independent of nicotine presence, and the influence of the sex variable on these effects. Adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to electronic cigarettes with 0%, 3%, and 6% nicotine daily (70 mL, 3.3 s, 1 puff per min/30 min) for 14 days, using the inExpose full body chamber (SCIREQ). Following exposure, lung tissues were harvested, and RNA extracted. The expression of 84 NRs was determined using the RT2 profiler mRNA array (Qiagen). Results exhibit a high sensitivity to e-liquid exposure irrespective of the presence of nicotine, with differential expression of NRs, including one (females) and twenty-four (males) in 0% nicotine groups compared to non-exposed control mice. However, nicotine-dependent results were also significant with seven NRs (females), fifty-three NRs (males) in 3% and twenty-three NRs (female) twenty-nine NRs (male) in 6% nicotine groups, compared to 0% nicotine mice. Sex-specific changes were significant, but sex-related differences were not observed. The study provides a strong rationale for further investigation.
Changes in Screening Test Volume in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020–2022
Authors: Bermudez Yamisha , DeGroff Amy , Miller Jacqueline , Kenney Kristy , Lockhart Jala , Joseph Djenaba , Richardson Lisa
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) observed significant declines in screening volume early in the COVID-19 pandemic, January–June 2020, with variation by race/ethnicity and geography. We aimed to determine how screening in the NBCCEDP recovered from these early declines as it is important for monitoring the long-term impact on women served by the program. Methods: Extending the previous analyses, we compared monthly breast (BC) and cervical cancer (CVC) screening volume in the NBCCEDP during 2020–2022, to five-year, pre-COVID-19 pandemic averages (2015–2019), and calculated percent change. Results were stratified by race/ethnicity and rurality groups. We employed multiple one-way ANOVA tests, which included multiple comparisons, to test for significant differences between groups. Results: By December 2022, NBCCEDP breast and cervical cancer screening volumes had not fully recovered to pre-COVID-19 5-year averages, and recovery in breast cancer screening volume was slower than that of cervical cancer. Both BC and CVC screening among women in metro areas showed the smallest average monthly deficits (−8.8% BC and −4.9% CVC) compared to monthly pre-COVID-19 pandemic 5-year averages, and screening among women in rural areas showed the greatest deficits (−37.3% BC and −26.7% CVC). BC and CVC screening among Hispanic women showed the greatest improvements compared to the pre-COVID-19 averages (8.2% BC and 9.5% CVC), and cervical cancer screening among non-Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islander women showed the greatest deficits (−41.4% CVC). Conclusion: For increased intervention efforts, NBCCEDP recipients can focus on populations demonstrating greatest deficits in screening volume.
Higher EpCAM-Positive Extracellular Vesicle Concentration in Ascites Is Associated with Shorter Progression-Free Survival of Patients with Advanced High-Grade Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Herzog Maruša , Verdenik Ivan , Kobal Borut , Černe Katarina
Published: June 2024

Platinum-resistant high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is an incurable disease, so biomarkers that could help with timely treatment adjustments and personalized approach are extensively being sought. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be isolated from ascites and blood of HGSC patients are such promising biomarkers. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression is upregulated in most epithelium-derived tumors; however, studies on prognostic value of EpCAM overexpression in ovarian carcinoma have shown contradictory results. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential of total and EpCAM-positive EVs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for advanced HGSC. Flow cytometry was used to determine the concentration of total and EpCAM-positive EVs in paired pretreatment ascites and plasma samples of 37 patients with advanced HGSC who underwent different first-line therapy. We found that higher EpCAM-positive EVs concentration in ascites is associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) regardless of treatment strategy. We also found a strong correlation of EpCAM-positive EVs concentration between ascites and plasma. Our findings indicate that EpCAM-positive EVs in ascites of patients with advanced HGSC have the potential to serve as prognostic biomarkers for predicting early recurrence and thereby likelihood of more aggressive tumor biology and development of chemoresistance.
Inflamma-miRs Profile in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients
Authors: Montes Paola , Rusanova Iryna , Cornejo Elena , García Paloma , Guerra-Librero Ana , López Mª del Señor , Haro Tomás de , Escames Germaine , Acuña-Castroviejo Darío
Published: June 2024

Etiological factors involved in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) include immunologic, oxidative stress and inflammatory factors, among others, and these are targets for microRNAs (miRNs). Here, we evaluated whether some miRNs may affect tumor development comparing untreated and 5-azacitidine (5-AZA) MDS-treated patients. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 20 controls and 24 MDS patients, and selected miRNs related to redox balance and inflammation (inflamma-miRs), including miR-18a, miR-21, miR-34a and miR-146a, were isolated and measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR). A differential expression profile of miRNs was detected in untreated MDS patients and the 5-AZA group. Inflammation increases miRNs and, specifically, miR-18a, miR-21 and miR-34a were significantly overexpressed in untreated MDS, compared to controls. However, we did not observe any miRN profile alteration during the progression of the disease. On the other hand, 5-AZA treatment tends to restore miRN expression levels. Relating to prognostic risk factors, high-risk MDS groups (high Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R), high cytogenetic risk, high molecular risk (HMR) mutations) tended to be related with higher expression levels of miR-18a and miR-34a. Higher miRN expression is correlated with lower glutathione peroxidase activity, while they are related with a higher profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α). Although our study was limited by the low number of MDS patients included, we identified miRN deregulation involved in MDS development that could regulate redox sensors and inflammatory responses. Finally, 5-AZA treatment is related with lower miRN expression levels in MDS patients.
Hell’s Gate Globin-I from Methylacidiphilum infernorum Displays a Unique Temperature-Independent pH Sensing Mechanism Utililized a Lipid-Induced Conformational Change
Authors: Reeder Brandon J. , Svistunenko Dimitri A. , Wilson Michael T.
Published: June 2024

Hell’s Gate globin-I (HGb-I) is a thermally stable globin from the aerobic methanotroph Methylacidiphilium infernorum. Here we report that HGb-I interacts with lipids stoichiometrically to induce structural changes in the heme pocket, changing the heme iron distal ligation coordination from hexacoordinate to pentacoordinate. Such changes in heme geometry have only been previously reported for cytochrome c and cytoglobin, linked to apoptosis regulation and enhanced lipid peroxidation activity, respectively. However, unlike cytoglobin and cytochrome c, the heme iron of HGb-I is altered by lipids in ferrous as well as ferric oxidation states. The apparent affinity for lipids in this thermally stable globin is highly pH-dependent but essentially temperature-independent within the range of 20–60 °C. We propose a mechanism to explain these observations, in which lipid binding and stability of the distal endogenous ligand are juxtaposed as a function of temperature. Additionally, we propose that these coupled equilibria may constitute a mechanism through which this acidophilic thermophile senses the pH of its environment.
(R)-(-)-Ketamine: The Promise of a Novel Treatment for Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders
Authors: Shafique Hana , Demers Julie C. , Biesiada Julia , Golani Lalit K. , Cerne Rok , Smith Jodi L. , Szostak Marta , Witkin Jeffrey M.
Published: June 2024

NMDA receptor antagonists have potential for therapeutics in neurological and psychiatric diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, substance abuse disorder (SUD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). (S)-ketamine was the first of a novel class of antidepressants, rapid-acting antidepressants, to be approved for medical use. The stereoisomer, (R)-ketamine (arketamine), is currently under development for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The compound has demonstrated efficacy in multiple animal models. Two clinical studies disclosed efficacy in TRD and bipolar depression. A study by the drug sponsor recently failed to reach a priori clinical endpoints but post hoc analysis revealed efficacy. The clinical value of (R)-ketamine is supported by experimental data in humans and rodents, showing that it is less sedating, does not produce marked psychotomimetic or dissociative effects, has less abuse potential than (S)-ketamine, and produces efficacy in animal models of a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The mechanisms of action of the antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine are hypothesized to be due to NMDA receptor antagonism and/or non-NMDA receptor mechanisms. We suggest that further clinical experimentation with (R)-ketamine will create novel and improved medicines for some of the neurological and psychiatric disorders that are underserved by current medications.
Eco-Friendly Lithium Separators: A Frontier Exploration of Cellulose-Based Materials
Authors: Zhao Tian , Xiao Pengcheng , Luo Mingliang , Nie Saiqun , Li Fuzhi , Liu Yuejun
Published: June 2024

Lithium-ion batteries, as an excellent energy storage solution, require continuous innovation in component design to enhance safety and performance. In this review, we delve into the field of eco-friendly lithium-ion battery separators, focusing on the potential of cellulose-based materials as sustainable alternatives to traditional polyolefin separators. Our analysis shows that cellulose materials, with their inherent degradability and renewability, can provide exceptional thermal stability, electrolyte absorption capability, and economic feasibility. We systematically classify and analyze the latest advancements in cellulose-based battery separators, highlighting the critical role of their superior hydrophilicity and mechanical strength in improving ion transport efficiency and reducing internal short circuits. The novelty of this review lies in the comprehensive evaluation of synthesis methods and cost-effectiveness of cellulose-based separators, addressing significant knowledge gaps in the existing literature. We explore production processes and their scalability in detail, and propose innovative modification strategies such as chemical functionalization and nanocomposite integration to significantly enhance separator performance metrics. Our forward-looking discussion predicts the development trajectory of cellulose-based separators, identifying key areas for future research to overcome current challenges and accelerate the commercialization of these green technologies. Looking ahead, cellulose-based separators not only have the potential to meet but also to exceed the benchmarks set by traditional materials, providing compelling solutions for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries.
Redefining the Role of Ornithine Aspartate and Vitamin E in Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease through Its Biochemical Properties
Authors: Longo Larisse , Marschner Rafael Aguiar , de Freitas Laura Bainy Rodrigues , de Bona Laura Renata , Behrens Luiza , Pereira Matheus Henrique Mariano , de Souza Valessa Emanoele Gabriel , Leonhard Luiza Cecília , Zanettini Giulianna , Pinzon Carlos Eduardo , Lima Guilherme Jorge Semmelmann Pereira , Schmidt Cerski Carlos Thadeu , Uribe-Cruz Carolina , Wajner Simone Magagnin , Álvares-da-Silva Mário Reis
Published: June 2024

It is known that the inflammation process leading to oxidative stress and thyroid hormone metabolism dysfunction is highly altered in metabolic dysfunction associated with steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aims to address the effect of ornithine aspartate (LOLA) and vitamin E (VitE) in improving these processes. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to five groups and treated for 28 weeks: controls (n = 10) received a standard diet (for 28 weeks) plus gavage with distilled water (DW) from weeks 16 to 28. MASLD groups received a high-fat and choline-deficient diet for 28 weeks (MASLD group) and daily gavage with 200 mg/kg/day of LOLA, or twice a week with 150 mg of VitE from weeks 16–28. LOLA diminished collagen deposition (p = 0.006). The same treatment diminished carbonyl, TBARS, and sulfhydryl levels and GPx activity (p < 0.001). Type 3 deiodinase increased in the MASLD group, downregulating T3-controlled genes, which was corrected in the presence of LOLA. LOLA also promoted a near-normalization of complex II, SDH, and GDH activities (p < 0.001) and improved reticulum stress, with a reduction in GRP78 and HSPA9/GRP75 protein levels (p < 0.05). The enhanced energy production and metabolism of thyroid hormones, probably because of GSH replenishment provided by the L-glutamate portion of LOLA, opens a new therapeutic approach for MASLD.
Development of Bioactive Hybrid Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PLA/PMMA) Electrospun Fibers Functionalized with Bioglass Nanoparticles for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Álvarez-Carrasco Fabián , Varela Pablo , Sarabia-Vallejos Mauricio A. , García-Herrera Claudio , Saavedra Marcela , Zapata Paula A. , Zárate-Triviño Diana , Martínez Juan José , Canales Daniel A.
Published: June 2024

Hybrid scaffolds that are based on PLA and PLA/PMMA with 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 weight ratios and functionalized with 10 wt.% of bioglass nanoparticles (n-BG) were developed using an electrospinning technique with a chloroform/dimethylformamide mixture in a 9:1 ratio for bone tissue engineering applications. Neat PLA and PLA/PMMA hybrid scaffolds were developed successfully through a (CF/DMF) solvent system, obtaining a random fiber deposition that generated a porous structure with pore interconnectivity. However, with the solvent system used, it was not possible to generate fibers in the case of the neat PMMA sample. With the increase in the amount of PMMA in PLA/PMMA ratios, the fiber diameter of hybrid scaffolds decreases, and the defects (beads) in the fiber structure increase; these beads are associated with a nanoparticle agglomeration, that could be related to a low interaction between n-BG and the polymer matrix. The Young’s modulus of PLA/PMMA/n-BG decreases by 34 and 80%, indicating more flexible behavior compared to neat PLA. The PLA/PMMA/n-BG scaffolds showed a bioactive property related to the presence of hydroxyapatite crystals in the fiber surface after 28 days of immersion in a Simulated Body Fluids solution (SBF). In addition, the hydrolytic degradation process of PLA/PMMA/n-BG, analyzed after 35 days of immersion in a phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS), was less than that of the pure PLA. The in vitro analysis using an HBOF-1.19 cell line indicated that the PLA/PMMA/n-BG scaffold showed good cell viability and was able to promote cell proliferation after 7 days. On the other hand, the in vivo biocompatibility evaluated via a subdermal model in BALC male mice corroborated the good behavior of the scaffolds in avoiding the generation of a cytotoxic effect and being able to enhance the healing process, suggesting that the materials are suitable for potential applications in tissue engineering.
The Role of the JAK–STAT Pathway in Childhood B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Ziętara Karolina Joanna , Wróblewska Kinga , Zajączkowska Monika , Taczała Joanna , Lejman Monika
Published: June 2024

B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia is a hematologic neoplasm that poses a serious health concern in childhood. Genetic aberrations, such as mutations in the genes IL-7, IL7R, JAK1, JAK2, TLSP, CRLF2, and KTM2A or gene fusions involving BCR::ABL1, ETV6::RUNX1, and PAX5::JAK2, often correlate with the onset of this disease. These aberrations can lead to malfunction of the JAK–STAT signaling pathway, which is implicated in various important biological processes, including those related to immunology. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the malfunction of the JAK–STAT pathway holds potential for research on drugs targeting its components. Available drugs that interfere with the JAK–STAT pathway include fludarabine, ruxolitinib, and fedratinib.
The Multi-Omic Approach to Newborn Screening: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Ashenden Alex J. , Chowdhury Ayesha , Anastasi Lucy T. , Lam Khoa , Rozek Tomas , Ranieri Enzo , Siu Carol Wai-Kwan , King Jovanka , Mas Emilie , Kassahn Karin S.
Published: June 2024

Newborn screening programs have seen significant evolution since their initial implementation more than 60 years ago, with the primary goal of detecting treatable conditions within the earliest possible timeframe to ensure the optimal treatment and outcomes for the newborn. New technologies have driven the expansion of screening programs to cover additional conditions. In the current era, the breadth of screened conditions could be further expanded by integrating omic technologies such as untargeted metabolomics and genomics. Genomic screening could offer opportunities for lifelong care beyond the newborn period. For genomic newborn screening to be effective and ready for routine adoption, it must overcome barriers such as implementation cost, public acceptability, and scalability. Metabolomics approaches, on the other hand, can offer insight into disease phenotypes and could be used to identify known and novel biomarkers of disease. Given recent advances in metabolomic technologies, alongside advances in genomics including whole-genome sequencing, the combination of complementary multi-omic approaches may provide an exciting opportunity to leverage the best of both approaches and overcome their respective limitations. These techniques are described, along with the current outlook on multi-omic-based NBS research.
Facilitators and Barriers of Incremental Innovation by Fixed Dose Combinations in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Inotai András , Kaló Zoltán , Petykó Zsuzsanna , Gyöngyösi Kristóf , O’Keeffe Derek T. , Czech Marcin , Ágh Tamás
Published: June 2024

Despite the availability of affordable pharmaceuticals treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), many of the risk factors remain poorly controlled. Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs), a form of incremental innovation, have already demonstrated improvements over combinations of single medicines in adherence and hard clinical endpoints. Nevertheless, there are many barriers related to the wider use of FDCs in CVDs. Our aim was to identify these barriers and explore system-level facilitators from a multi-stakeholder perspective. Identified barriers include (i) hurdles in evidence generation for manufacturers, (ii) limited acceptance of adherence as an endpoint by clinical guideline developers and policymakers, (iii) limited options for a price premium for incremental innovation for healthcare payers, (iv) limited availability of real-world evidence, and (v) methodological issues to measure improved adherence. Initiatives to standardize and link healthcare databases in European countries, movements towards improved patient centricity in healthcare, and extended value assessment provide opportunities to capture the benefits of FDCs. Still, there is an emerging need to facilitate the generalizability of sporadic clinical evidence across different FDCs and to improve adherence measures. Finally, healthcare payers need to be convinced to pay a fair premium price for the added value of FDCs to incentivize incremental innovation in CVD treatment.
Innovations in Offshore Wind: Reviewing Current Status and Future Prospects with a Parametric Analysis of Helical Pile Performance for Anchoring Mooring Lines
Authors: Alnmr Ammar , Mayassah Mais
Published: June 2024

This study examines the current status and future potential of the offshore wind sector. Offshore wind is pivotal in transitioning to a low-carbon society and meeting rising energy demands, despite being capital-intensive. The industry aims to develop larger-scale wind farms in deeper ocean locations, with projections indicating significant cost reductions. To explore deeper ocean areas, specialized foundations like floating platforms moored to the seabed are required. This study proposes helical piles anchored in the seabed as a method to secure mooring lines. Using Plaxis 3D, a parametric examination was conducted on helical piles with two plates: one fixed at the pile’s toe and the other varying in position between 0.5 and 13 m from the seabed surface. Load inclination angles (0, 20, 40, and 60 degrees) were used to simulate mooring line loads. Results indicate the optimal Zh/Z ratios for maintaining load-bearing capacity and stability: 0.12 (10 mm movements), 0.22 (25 mm), and 0.26 (50 mm) for small shaft diameters; and 0.34 (10 mm), 0.38 (25 mm), and 0.46 (50 mm) for large shaft diameters. These findings highlight the importance of specific load inclination angles based on shaft diameter and allowable movement for effective performance.
Enhancing Few-Shot Prediction of Ocean Sound Speed Profiles through Hierarchical Long Short-Term Memory Transfer Learning
Authors: Lu Jiajun , Zhang Hao , Li Sijia , Wu Pengfei , Huang Wei
Published: June 2024

The distribution of ocean sound speed profiles (SSPs) profoundly influences the design of underwater acoustic communication and positioning systems. Conventional methods for measuring sound speed by instruments entail high time costs, while sound speed inversion methods offer rapid estimation of SSPs. However, these methods heavily rely on sonar observational data and lack the capacity to swiftly estimate SSPs in arbitrary oceanic regions, particularly in scenarios with few-shot data. Precisely estimating non-cooperative maritime SSPs under such conditions poses a significant challenge. To explore temporal distribution patterns of sound speed and achieve precise SSP predictions with limited data, we propose a hierarchical long short-term memory transfer learning (H-LSTM-TL) framework. The core idea involves pre-training the base model on extensive public datasets, transferring the acquired knowledge to task models, and fine-tuning the task model on few-shot data to predict future SSPs. Through H-LSTM-TL, it accelerates model convergence, enhances sensitivity to few-shot input data, alleviates overfitting issues, and notably improves the accuracy of SSP predictions. Experimental results demonstrate that the H-LSTM-TL model exhibits strong generalization capabilities in few-shot data scenarios, effectively reducing overfitting problems and proving its applicability for rapid prediction of SSPs.
Rediscovering the Evasive Amphipod Idunella spinifera (Dauvin and Gentil, 1983) in the Northwest Coast of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Moreira Juan , Veiga Puri , Rubal Marcos
Published: June 2024

Idunella spinifera (Dauvin and Gentil, 1983) (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Liljeborgiidae) is reported for the first time after the original description that was based on one immature female. Specimens were collected in the Ría de Muros (NW Iberian Peninsula) during the course of a study on macrofauna diversity in shallow sublittoral biogenic sands along a one-year period. The male and the ovigerous female are fully described, and the data on ecology and temporal variation of abundance is provided as well.
Four New Species of Tomentella (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) from Subtropical Forests in Southwestern China
Authors: Zhu Ya-Quan , Li Xue-Long , Zhao Dong-Xue , Wei Yu-Lian , Yuan Hai-Sheng
Published: June 2024

Species of the basidiomycetous genus Tomentella are widely distributed throughout temperate forests. Numerous studies on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Tomentella have been conducted from the temperate zone in the Northern hemisphere, but few have been from subtropical forests. In this study, four new species, T. casiae, T. guiyangensis, T. olivaceomarginata and T. rotundata from the subtropical mixed forests of Southwestern China, are described and illustrated based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU). Molecular analyses using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analysis confirmed the phylogenetic positions of these four new species. Anatomical comparisons among the closely related species in phylogenetic and morphological features are discussed. Four new species could be distinguished by the characteristics of basidiocarps, the color of the hymenophoral surface, the size of the basidia, the shape of the basidiospores and some other features.
Insights into Fungal Mitochondrial Genomes and Inheritance Based on Current Findings from Yeast-like Fungi
Authors: Tang Jintian , Zhang Leilei , Su Jinghan , Ye Qingwen , Li Yukang , Liu Dinghang , Cui Haifeng , Zhang Yafen , Ye Zihong
Published: June 2024

The primary functions of mitochondria are to produce energy and participate in the apoptosis of cells, with them being highly conserved among eukaryotes. However, the composition of mitochondrial genomes, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication, and mitochondrial inheritance varies significantly among animals, plants, and fungi. Especially in fungi, there exists a rich diversity of mitochondrial genomes, as well as various replication and inheritance mechanisms. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of fungal mitochondria is crucial for unraveling the evolutionary history of mitochondria in eukaryotes. In this review, we have organized existing reports to systematically describe and summarize the composition of yeast-like fungal mitochondrial genomes from three perspectives: mitochondrial genome structure, encoded genes, and mobile elements. We have also provided a systematic overview of the mechanisms in mtDNA replication and mitochondrial inheritance during bisexual mating. Additionally, we have discussed and proposed open questions that require further investigation for clarification.
Microplastic Contamination of Non-Mulched Agricultural Soils in Bangladesh: Detection, Characterization, Source Apportionment and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Sharmin Sumaya , Wang Qingyue , Islam Md. Rezwanul , Wang Weiqian , Enyoh Christian Ebere
Published: June 2024

Microplastic contamination in agricultural soil is an emerging problem worldwide as it contaminates the food chain. Therefore, this research investigated the distribution of microplastics (MPs) in agricultural soils without mulch at various depths (0–5, 5–10, and 10–15 cm) across different zones: rural, local market, industrial, coastal, and research areas. The detection of MP types and morphology was conducted using FTIR and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Eight types of MPs were identified, including high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), with concentrations ranging from 0.6 ± 0.21 to 3.71 ± 2.36 MPs/g of soil. The study found no significant trends in MP concentration, with ranges of 0–2.1 ± 0.38, 0–2.87 ± 0.55, and 0–2.0 ± 0.34 MPs/g of soil at depths of 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, and 10–15 cm, respectively. The highest MP quantity was recorded at 8.67 in coastal area, while the lowest was 6.44 in the local market area. Various MP shapes, e.g., fiber, film, pellet, fragment, and irregular, were observed across all layers. PCA suggested irrigation and organic manure as potential sources of MPs. The estimated concentrations of MPs possessed low non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to the farming community of Bangladesh.
Captive Management and Reproduction of the Rio Pescado Stubfoot Toad (Atelopus balios)
Authors: Buttermore Chris , Navarro Gutierrez Luis Daniel , Sigler Luis
Published: June 2024

The Rio Pescado stubfoot toad (Atelopus balios) is a critically endangered member of the struggling Atelopus genus which has been ravaged by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytridium dendrobatidis. Captive management of this species is crucial to improve survival outcomes in their native range in Ecuador. Here, we talk about reproductive successes with A. balios at The Dallas World Aquarium, which represents the first successful reproduction of this species outside of Ecuador. We document five clutches of eggs that were deposited in the adult breeding tank and the developmental rates of the offspring. We also provide observations on husbandry regimes that support the recovery of the females’ postdeposition along with observed time between reproductive events for females. We also document the habitat requirements of the adults of the species and the offspring with notes on feeding practices once toadlets emerge from the water. Documentation on the reproduction of Atelopus species is critical to understanding habitat preferences and cues needed to influence reproduction in the wild and thus give insights into the path of captive propagation in the conservation of the focal species.
A Scientific Investigation of the Shangfang Mountain Yunshui Cave in Beijing Based on LiDAR Technology
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Shan Yanhui , Ai Gang , Du Zhengfeng , Shen Anran , Lei Ningfei
Published: June 2024

The Yunshui Cave in Shangfang Mountain, Beijing, is a famous high-altitude karst cave in northern China. As the third scientific survey of Yunshui Cave in history, this is the first time to use the latest LiDAR technology to carry out a related detection survey. Traditional cave measurement methods are limited by natural conditions and make it difficult to reach the destination. Traditional methods mainly rely on experience and obtain data with strong subjectivity, making it difficult to conduct quantitative research and obtain reproducible results in the current information era. Applying LiDAR technology to cave measurement can obtain comprehensive and accurate digital measurement results within the same survey time and reveal many richer and more accurate features of Yunshui Cave. The obtained digital measurement results can be used for 3D modeling as well as provide a large amount of accurate basic data and preliminary materials for subsequent geological, environmental, and archaeological investigation and analysis, as well as cultural and tourism resource development. The rapid geological survey of Shangfang Mountain Yunshui Cave using LiDAR technology shows that LiDAR cave geological survey technology can achieve real-time collection of centimeter-level accuracy and generate billions of points of cloud data, greatly improving survey efficiency and accuracy. At the same time, digital survey results can be obtained. Through modeling and GIS technology, all on-site survey details can be easily moved back to the laboratory for real-scene reproduction, network sharing, and dissemination. This study provides a foundation for future explorations of the Yunshui cave and highlights the potential for LiDAR techniques to enhance our understanding of complex geological structures such as caves.
Mediation in Criminal Matters: A Perspective from Kosovo
Authors: Tahiraj Flutura , Abdyli Emine
Published: June 2024

As a new alternative, mediation is integrated in the legislation of both developed and developing countries in Europe. Various researchers in member states of the Council of Europe revealed obstacles, particularly related to the implementation of mediation in criminal matters. They are addressed through several recommendations and non-binding guidelines. However, there is limited empirical research on how mediation in criminal matters is being implemented in the contexts of developing countries in south-eastern Europe. Hence, the purpose of this qualitative study is to assess mediation in criminal matters in Kosovo by exploring how the main stakeholders describe the legal basis and implementation process and what it indicates for future practices. The data were gathered through 11 semi-structured interviews with judges, prosecutors, mediation clerks, and mediators. Results show that laws and other guidelines that have been introduced since 2008 constitute a solid legal ground that facilitates mediation in criminal matters. The stakeholders are well aware of the benefits mediation brings and express their willingness to advance its application to criminal matters. Results also indicate uncertainty among judges and prosecutors regarding the assessment and referral of certain criminal offences to mediation. To address it, specialized trainings, exchange programs, and continuous monitoring and evaluation of the process could be supportive.
Association of HLA Haplotypes with Autoimmune Pathogenesis in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Romanian Diabetic Children: A Pilot, Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Arhire Amalia Ioana , Ioacara Sorin , Papuc Teodora , Chiper Miruna Sânziana , Dutescu Irina Monica , Moise Ana , Badea Ioana Roxana , Florea Suzana , Vlad Adelina , Fica Simona
Published: June 2024

Background: The increasing incidence of autoimmune diseases in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients highlights the influence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes on their development. This study aims to determine genetic predisposition to autoimmune diseases in T1DM patients, including thyroid disease and celiac diseases, and explore its correlation with vitamin D deficiency. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving thirty-six T1DM children was conducted. Typing was performed for the HLA A, B, C, DP, DR, and DQ loci. Regression analysis linked DR-DQ haplotypes to T1DM and the associated conditions. Results: The most frequent predisposing alleles and haplotypes were HLA-DR3 (70.27%), DQ2 (70.27%), DR3-DQ2 (70.27%), DQB1*02:01 (70.27%), A02 (54.05%), whereas the most prevalent protecting allele was DPB1*04:01 (52.63%). Positive correlations were observed between positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and the absence of protective alleles (DPB1*04:02, p = 0.036; DPB1*04:01, p = 0.002). Associations were found between the absence of DPB1*04:01 and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (p = 0.03). HLA allele DPB1*03:01 was linked with vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.021). Positive anti-transglutaminase antibodies correlated with C03:03 (p = 0.026) and DRB1*04:01-DQA1*03-DQB1*03:01 (p < 0.0001) and the lack of DQA1*01:03-DQB1*06:03-DRB1*13:01 (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The predisposing T1DM haplotypes were associated with the presence of anti-transglutaminase and anti-thyroid antibodies, indicating a genetic predisposition to autoimmune diseases.
Combining Different Natural Plant Extracts to Stabilize the Antioxidative Activity of Dragon’s Blood
Authors: Su Ying-Zhen , Lu Pei-Luen
Published: June 2024

Dragon’s blood (血竭) is a traditional Chinese medicine known for its wound hemostasis, blood circulation, and stasis properties. Recently, it has also been utilized in cosmetics, though its antioxidant capacity remains unclear. This study aims to stabilize the bioactivity of dragon’s blood using various plant extracts. We evaluated single plant extracts and their combinations to identify the conditions that maintained the antioxidant capacity of dragon’s blood the longest. Selected plants included Hibiscus sabdariffa, Clitoria ternatea, Hylocereus sp., Pandanus amaryllifolius, and Camellia sinensis. We used two sources of dragon’s blood: Daemonorops draco and Dracaena cochinchinensis. Extraction conditions were optimized and antioxidant activity was assessed using the free radical scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total anthocyanin concentration (TAC), total polyphenol content (TPC), the free radical scavenging activity of ABTS, and a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The results showed that all plant extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity. Clitoria ternatea had the highest DPPH scavenging ability at 93.81%, with the best combination being green tea and Daemonorops draco at 92.57%. Clitoria ternatea had the highest TPC at 9921 mg GAE/100 g, with the best combination (green tea and Dracaena cochinchinensis) at 10500 mg GAE/100 g. ABTS activity was highest for green tea at 98.3%, with the best combination (Clitoria ternatea and Daemonorops draco) at 93.29%. The FRAP assay showed that green tea had the highest electron-donating potential at 3.85 mg/mL, with the best combination (Daemonorops draco and Dracaena cochinchinensis) at 3.71 mg/mL. This study advances our understanding of the antioxidant properties of these plants and the traditional Chinese medicine dragon’s blood, enhancing the efficacy of dragon’s blood in skincare and cosmetics. Moreover, the application of these extracts could rejuvenate local agriculture, impacting the skincare, cosmetics, and sustainable agriculture sectors.
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Therapy in a Belgian Cohort of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
Authors: Van Loo Dorine , Dieltjens Marijke , Engelen Sanne , Verbraecken Johan , Vanderveken Olivier M.
Published: June 2024

Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) has emerged as a widespread and innovative treatment option for selected moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients who cannot be treated effectively with traditional treatment modalities. In this observational cohort study, the objective and subjective outcomes of Belgian OSA patients treated with HGNS therapy were analyzed at 6 and 12 months post-implantation. Thirty-nine patients implanted with a respiration-synchronized HGNS device at the Antwerp University Hospital w ere included in this study. Patients underwent baseline in-laboratory polysomnography and a follow-up sleep study 6 and 12 months post-implantation. Questionnaires on patient experience and daytime sleepiness were filled out and data on objective therapy usage were collected. All 39 patients completed the 6-month follow-up and 21 patients (54%) completed the 12-month follow-up. Median AHI decreased from 33.8 [26.1;45.0] to 10.2 [4.8;16.4] at the 6-month follow-up, and to 9.6 [4.1;16.4] at the 12-month follow-up (p < 0.001). The surgical success rate, according to the Sher20 criteria, was 80% and 76% at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups, respectively. Median ESS improved from 12.0 [7.0;18.0] at baseline to 6.0 [2.5;11.0] at 6 months (p < 0.001) and to 6.5 [2.8;11.5] at 12 months (p = 0.012). Objective therapy usage was 7.4 [6.6;8.0] and 7.0 [5.9:8.2] h/night at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups, respectively. A high overall clinical effectiveness of HGNS therapy, as shown by a mean disease alleviation of 58%, was demonstrated at 12 months post-implantation. Overall, HGNS therapy using respiration-synchronized neurostimulation of the XII cranial nerve resulted in a significant improvement in both objective and subjective OSA outcomes, with a high level of patient satisfaction and high treatment adherence.